bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Extending Prediger's 4‐2‐1 Formula: Practical Applications for Career Counselors
Authors: MILLER MARK J.
Published: December 2011

This article extends a formula Introduced by Prediger (1981a, 1981b, 1982) to help clients locate themselves on the world‐of‐work map. The article suggests a way of generating one “overall” 3‐letter code from a group of codes.
Use of a Job Club to Increase Self‐Efficacy: A Case Study of Return to Work
Authors: STERRETT EMILY A.
Published: December 2011

The purpose of this research was to link self‐efficacy theory (Bandura, 1977, 1982) with job club methodology (Azrin, Flores, & Kaplan, 1975) by presenting a case study that measured changes in self‐efficacy as a result of welfare recipients' participation in a job club. The job club enhanced each of the 4 sources of job search self‐efficacy expectations postulated by Bandura and resulted in return to work for all participants. Implications for counselors are suggested between the results shown and the current efforts to reduce welfare dependency.
Using Qualitative Appraisal Strategies in Career Counseling
Authors: OKOCHA ANENEOSA A. G.
Published: December 2011

This article examines the role of qualitative career assessment strategies in career counseling. Their use, especially in enlivening the career counseling process, is emphasized. Four specific procedures—life career assessment, life line, genogram, and Super's (Super, Savickas, & Super, 1996) Life Career Rainbow—are discussed.
Applicant Age as a Subjective Employability Factor: A Study of Workers Over and Under Age Fifty
Authors: FORTE CATHERINE SABIN , HANSVICK CHRISTINE L.
Published: December 2011

Three hundred employers in a suburban area of the Pacific Northwest were surveyed by mail. Ninety‐eight (i.e., 33%) responded with their perceptions of older (ages 50 and over) and younger (aged 49 and under) workers on 12 attributes. In contrast to previous research, this study found more favorable ratings for older workers overall, including such categories as attendance and salary expectations. Younger workers were rated more favorably on the attributes computer skills, energy levels, flexibility, and learning ability. An in‐group bias was found for ratings of older workers by older employers.
Influences in the Decision‐Making Process for Careers As a Speech‐Language Pathologist or an Audiologist
Authors: BRODSKY MARTIN B. , COOKE PAUL A.
Published: December 2011

This study consisted of data obtained from 297 surveys about career decision‐making influences for students and professionals in speech‐language pathology and audiology. Decision‐making factors were similar across both professions, with personal factors being the most influential. Employment and education factors were also critical in making professional decisions. Early course work played a significant role in the career paths of people in these professions.
Collaboration, Partnership, Policy, and Practice in Career Development
Authors: HERR EDWIN L.
Published: December 2011

This article discusses the importance of collaboration among professional organizations, governmental entities, and counselors in behalf of career development. Examples of possible international and national collaborative initiatives and policy emphases are described.
Career Development and Public Policy
Authors: WATTS A. G.
Published: December 2011

The rationale for policy interest in career development services and the way in which this rationale is being strengthened by the current transformations in work and career are discussed. The potential roles of public policy in relation to career development services are explored, along with ways in which such services can influence the policy‐making process. A range of policy issues related to making career development services available to all throughout life are identified. Stronger structures and processes are needed to bring together career development practitioners with policy makers and other stakeholder interests in order to address tasks of common concern.
A Process Perspective of International Research Collaboration
Authors: STEAD GRAHAM B. , HARRINGTON THOMAS F.
Published: December 2011

International collaboration on research projects is becoming important as countries experience similar problems that need attention. The process of such research collaboration is discussed with specific reference to initiating collaborative research, evaluating the potential of entering into a research partnership, preparing for travel, developing and completing a project, and maintaining international collaborative research relationships. Factors that enhance and diminish such relationships are also discussed.
Developing Partnerships to Meet Clients' Needs in Changing Government Organizations: A Consultative Process
Authors: BORGEN WILLIAM A.
Published: December 2011

The article outlines the development of partnerships across 3 employment‐related government ministries, in a context of organizational restructuring and downsizing. The article describes a consultation process conducted with workers from 2 provincial ministries and 1 federal government ministry regarding effective collaboration to assess unemployed clients' employability needs. In individual and focus group meetings, the workers developed a process that involved the cooperation and involvement of those from all 3 ministries in offering and monitoring the effectiveness of a needs assessment program.
Improving Employee Productivity: The Role of Financial Counseling and Education
Authors: JOO SO‐HYUN , GRABLE JOHN E.
Published: December 2011

Literature has shown that a link exists between personal financial problems and employee productivity. This article presents the results of a survey that was designed to assess the personal financial behaviors of 220 clerical workers and to measure their desire for workplace financial education and counseling programs. It was found that a large percentage of employees were exhibiting poor financial behaviors and that more than 80% of respondents were interested in workplace financial counseling and education as long as the cost of such programs were relatively low. The financial behaviors of employees may be significantly improved through workplace counseling and education.
Work and Family: Satisfaction, Stress, and Spousal Support
Authors: PHILLIPS‐MILLER DIANNE L. , CAMPBELL N. JO , MORRISON CHARLES R.
Published: December 2011

Married veterinarians (N = 242) provided information regarding work satisfaction, work‐related stress, marital‐family stress, and spousal support for career. Female veterinarians reported significantly greater effect of marital/family stress on career and less perceived spousal support for career than did their male counterparts. Areas of greatest work dissatisfaction for both genders were income and time required at work. No differences emerged between men and women on various measures of work satisfaction. In addition, no difference was found between the genders in the effect of work‐related stress on career.
Work‐Stress Burnout in Emergency Medical Technicians and the Use of Early Recollections
Authors: VETTOR SUSAN M. , KOSINSKI FREDERICK A.
Published: December 2011

Numerous studies have indicated the high work‐stress burnout and attrition rate of emergency medical technicians. Of these studies, none have attempted to use projective techniques to predict work‐stress burnout. Eight central themes of early recollections have been reported: getter, controller, driver, pleaser, martyr/victim, “aginner,” feeling avoider, and excitement seeker. This article discusses those early memories that are more representative of emergency medical technicians who may be susceptible to burnout, as well as other memories that may indicate an individual's resistance to burnout, and proposes research to substantiate the effectiveness of early recollections in predicting burnout in emergency medical technicians.
The Application of Chaos Theory to the Career‐Plateaued Worker
Authors: DUFFY JEAN ANN
Published: December 2011

This article uses chaos theory as a way to conceptualize the career‐plateaued worker. After discussing the literature regarding both chaos theory and career plateau, it applies some of the principles of chaos theory to career‐plateaued workers on the basis of a case study. The article concludes that chaos theory provides career practitioners a useful application for working with this type of client.
Impact of length of unemployment and age on jobless men and women: a comparative analysis
Authors: Kulik Liat
Published: December 2011

The study examined differences in job search intensity, as well as attitudes toward unemployment and related responses among a sample of 559 jobless Israelis. Groups of participants were distinguished according to sex, age, and length of unemployment. The findings revealed that job search intensity, psychological stress, and work centrality were highest among participants who had been unemployed for 2 to 3 months, and gradually declined for longer periods of unemployment. Moreover, middle‐aged participants spent more hours per week searching for jobs and mentioned fewer advantages of unemployment than did the younger groups. Furthermore, women reported a sharper decline in health as a result of unemployment, as well as lower levels of work centrality.
Three‐dimensional living
Authors: Amundson Norman E.
Published: December 2011

This article is based on a plenary address given to an international audience (from 32 countries) in Vancouver, Canada, as part of the 2001 Going for Gold conference. This conference included delegates from the following associations: the International Association of Educational and Vocational Guidance, the Canadian Counselling Association, Aspect, and the Labour Market and Career Information Association. The article uses a metaphor to broadly address the issue of lifestyle for counselors and clients.
A model career assistance process for individuals with severe disabilities
Authors: Hagner David , McGahie Kelly , Cloutier Heidi
Published: December 2011

This article describes a model process for providing career services to individuals with severe disabilities and presents the outcomes of a 3‐year demonstration project. After completing a career workshop series based at a community college followed by job search support and ongoing follow‐up with employers and employees, all 40 project participants achieved paid employment, with 74.4% employed midway through Year 3. Jobs represented a wide range of occupational areas, and most jobs paid over the minimum wage and included benefits. Implications for enhancing career services and outcomes for this population are discussed.
job satisfaction among employee assistance professionals: a national study
Authors: Sweeney Anthony P. , Hohenshil Thomas H. , Fortune Jimmie C.
Published: December 2011

This study was designed to examine job satisfaction in a national sample of employee assistance program (EAP) professionals. Data were collected from 210 EAP professionals through mailed surveys consisting of an individual information form and the Minnesota Satisfaction Questionnaire (MSQ; D. J. Weiss, G. W. England, & L. H. Lofquist, 1967), The average MSQ total score was within the satisfied range. The results indicated that respondents employed by external EAP organizations were more satisfied with their jobs than those who were employed by internal EAPs. Age, gender, race of respondent, rural vs. nonrural work setting, and national certification of respondent had no statistically significant impact on job satisfaction.
the experience of unemployment for fishery workers in newfoundland: what helps and hinders
Authors: Borgen William A. , Amundson Norman E. , McVicar Jonathan
Published: December 2011

In this exploratory research study, the unemployment experience of people involved in the fishery and living in the outports of Newfoundland and Labrador was explored. Fifty‐three critical incident interviews were conducted by community outreach workers. These interviews yielded important information about the factors that facilitated or hindered the unemployment experience. In interpreting the results, both the general literature on unemployment as well as the special contextual aspects of the situation were explored.
the measurement of holland types in a 10‐year longitudinal study of a sample of students
Authors: Helwig Andrew A.
Published: December 2011

The author examined the incidence and stability of Holland types in a longitudinal study of a sample of students. Of the 208 students who began the study, 65 provided occupational aspirations at all 6 interview points. Social, Investigative, and Enterprising were the top Holland codes in 2nd and 12th grades. Eighteen percent of the students had the same primary code 5 or 6 times during the time span. More than 60% of the sample had at least 1 set of opposite Holland types over the 6 measurement times.
Predicting burnout and job satisfaction in workplace counselors: the influence of role stressors, job challenge, and organizational knowledge
Authors: Kirk‐Brown Andrea , Wallace Debra
Published: December 2011

The present study examines the antecedents of burnout and job satisfaction among counselors employed in workplace settings. Workplace counselors face the unique demands of managing dual client relationships (individual and organization) within the counseling setting. Antecedents of the job‐related outcomes of burnout and satisfaction are likely to vary from other counseling settings as a function of these unique demands. Survey results from 82 workplace counselors indicated that role conflict was a significant predictor of the experience of burnout and that intrinsic job satisfaction was significantly predicted by the counselors' perceptions of job challenge, as well as by the level of organizational knowledge.
Personality characteristics of undergraduates with career interests in forensic identification
Authors: Roberti Jonathan W.
Published: December 2011

The author assessed personality scores for 47 undergraduates enrolled in a forensic identification program. Results revealed no difference between men and women enrolled in the Forensic Identification Program on subscales of the Sensation Seeking Scale (SSS‐V), with the exception of Experience Seeking. Participants had lower Disinhibition scores when compared with normative data. Women scored higher on the Experience Seeking subscale of the SSS‐V and lower on the Aggression‐Hostility subscale (ZKPQ), and men had elevated scores on the Activity subscale of the ZKPQ when compared with normative findings. These findings provide a primer for greater understanding of undergraduates interested in forensic identification.
A comparison of the web‐based and paper‐and‐pencil versions of the career key interest inventory with a sample of university women
Authors: Buchan Brian D. , DeAngelis Danielle L. , Levinson Edward M.
Published: December 2011

The purpose of this study was to investigate the comparability of the Web‐based (L. K. Jones, 1997) and paper‐and‐pencil (L. K. Jones, 1997) versions of the Career Key career interest inventory. The concurrent validity of the Web‐based version was also assessed using the paper‐and‐pencil version as a criterion measure. A total of 61 female undergraduate students completed both versions of the Career Key. All coefficients were statistically significant, suggesting that for this sample of university women, the Web‐based version of the instrument yielded results that were comparable with those of the paper‐and‐pencil version.
Older Workers and Bridge Employment: Redefining Retirement
Authors: Ulrich Lorene B. , Brott Pamelia E.
Published: December 2011

The authors present a qualitative study that explored the transition experiences of older workers who retired from long‐term careers and who were working in bridge jobs (i.e., transitional work between career employment and retirement). Using grounded theory methodology, the authors interviewed 24 older workers to learn why they decided to pursue a bridge job, how they made the transition, and what challenges they faced and benefits they received. The core theme from the study is that bridge employment redefines retirement. The authors present the findings of the study along with recommendations for career counselors and implications for future research.
Using Emotional Intelligence to help College Students Succeed in the Workplace
Authors: Liptak John J.
Published: December 2011

Research related to the characteristics that are sought by recruiters and prospective employers in graduating college students suggests that emotional intelligence (EI) skills are as important as, if not more important than, job‐related skills. Counselors working with college students, however, usually focus on career management and job search skills and neglect the development of EI skills. EI seems to be an excellent framework to use in helping college students find a job and succeed in the workplace. By using the Confluence Counseling model, counselors working with college students can effectively combine career counseling with personal counseling in a holistic manner.
Ready, Set, Go: The Transtheoretical Model of Change and Motivational Interviewing for “Fringe” Clients
Authors: Muscat Anne C.
Published: December 2011

The author explores the applicability of the Transtheoretical Model of Change (TTM) and motivational interviewing (MI) as a collaborative approach in counseling “resistant” or ambivalent clients. The TTM and MI provide an empirically tested framework for employment counselors to assess and empower clients who are often labeled resistant or ambivalent (e.g., youth, mandated clients, street workers, single parents) about readiness for change. Together, the TTM and MI focus counselors to accept clients' current levels of readiness and intrinsic motivation, thereby supporting clients in the effort to reduce their ambivalence. Examples are given of how the TTM and MI may be practiced.
Counseling would‐be entrepreneurs
Authors: Kirk James , Belovics Robert
Published: December 2011

The aim of this article is to provide counselors, academic advisers, and career coaches with a basic understanding of entrepreneurial careers. After presenting a brief history of entrepreneurship, the authors discuss various psychological, social, and economic factors associated with selecting, preparing for, and remaining successful in an entrepreneurial career. They also discuss various ways counselors can help aspiring entrepreneurs achieve their goals. An extensive annotated bibliography of online entrepreneurship resources is included.
The relevancy of holland's theory to a nonprofessional occupation
Authors: Miller Mark J. , Scaggs William J. , Wells Don
Published: December 2011

The authors examined job satisfaction and workers' perceptions of a nonprofessional occupation using the Position Classification Inventory (PCI; G. D. Gottfredson & J. L. Holland, 1991). Results revealed high job satisfaction scores and suggest that the PCI shows promise as a method of classifying working‐class occupations according to J. L. Holland's (1985, 1997) theory.
Targeting low career confidence using the career planning confidence scale
Authors: McAuliffe Garrett , Jurgens Jill C. , Pickering Worth , Calliotte James , Macera Anthony , Zerwas Steven
Published: December 2011

The authors describe the development and validation of a test of career planning confidence that makes possible the targeting of specific problem issues in employment counseling. The scale, developed using a rational process and the authors' experience with clients, was tested for criterion‐related validity against 2 other measures. The scale produced a 6‐factor structure that replicates common career planning models: Readiness to Make a Career Decision, Self‐Assessment, Generating Options, Information Seeking, Deciding, and Implementing a Decision. Validity and reliability of the scale are discussed, along with suggestions for employment counseling practice.
Effects of drugs and alcohol on behavior, job performance, and workplace safety
Authors: Elliott Karen , Shelley Kyna
Published: December 2011

A study of records for 1 large U.S. company revealed that employees with positive drug screens were fired, whereas workers who self‐disclosed drug/alcohol problems remained employed. Both groups were offered substance abuse intervention, and some previously fired workers were rehired after they received treatment. Accident results showed that drug‐test positive employees, as compared with self‐referred workers, had a significantly higher accident rate in all categories. Treatment data revealed that drug‐test positive workers had significantly higher accident rates before and after treatment than self‐referred employees. Posttreatment results showed that drug‐test positive employees had a significant decrease in accidents after services, whereas the self‐referred group showed no change.
Addiction, the addict, and career: Considerations for the employment counselor
Authors: Graham Matthew D.
Published: December 2011

Employment counselors have been resistant to working with persons in recovery from addiction except under the strictest of criteria. This article examines the relationship between this resistance and the concepts of addiction and addict. Following this is an examination of substance abuse recovery and practical suggestions on incorporating recovery knowledge into career counseling. The goals of the article are twofold: (a) to present a framework that highlights the necessity of employment counseling for the recovery process from substance misuse and (b) to affirm that many employment counselors have the skills needed to assist clients who have been labeled as addicts.
Employment counseling with clients who have eating disorders
Authors: Williams Meris
Published: December 2011

To present the career issues of clients with eating disorders (EDs) from a more holistic perspective, the author gives an overview of EDs, describes the career challenges that such clients may experience, and identifies several theories that may be helpful in conceptualizing their career choices. Suggestions for practice are offered.
Person—environment congruence, self‐efficacy, and environmental identity in relation to job satisfaction: a career decision theory perspective
Authors: Perdue Stacie Vernick , Reardon Robert C. , Peterson Gary W.
Published: December 2011

This study explored the relationship between person—environment congruence, self‐efficacy, and environmental identity and job satisfaction. Participants were 198 employees of a multinational telecommunications corporation. The predictor domain included the Iachan Index (R. Iachan, 1984), the Mahalanobis Distance Index (L. J. Cronbach & G. C. Gleser, 1953), the Self‐Efficacy Scale (M. Sherer et al., 1982, 2000), and the Environmental Identity Scale (G. D. Gottfredson & J. L. Holland, 1996; J. L. Holland, 1997). The criterion domain included 6 components of job satisfaction. A canonical correlation analysis identified 2 significant roots labeled organizational mission satisfaction and work task satisfaction. Implications for career decision making are discussed.
addressing career issues online: perceptions of counselor education professionals
Authors: Lewis Jacqueline , Coursol Diane
Published: December 2011

The Internet is the latest arena in which counseling services are available for a variety of issues. This study surveyed counselor education professionals about their perceptions regarding the use of online counseling to address various mental health issues including career counseling. It also examined their perceptions about 3 formats of online counseling: e‐mail, text‐based chat, and videoconferencing. Results indicated that counselor education professionals were open to the use of online counseling to address career issues. The implications for the practice of online career counseling and for the training of counselors are discussed.
the promise of quality of life
Authors: Peruniak Geoffrey S.
Published: December 2011

Little has been written in the career development literature about quality of life, even though this concept is implied in all counselor interventions. In this article, the author suggests that the broad and subjective nature of quality of life, rather than a liability, is its very strength. Quality of life is presented as an important holistic concept that emphasizes a multidimensional awareness of the web of relationships within which career development is performed. The practical implications of quality of life for career development are discussed.
benefits of the business college internship: a research review
Authors: Knouse Stephen B. , Fontenot Gwen
Published: December 2011

The authors explore the research findings regarding the effectiveness of business internships on several issues: enhanced employment opportunities, realistic expectations of interns, satisfaction with the internship experience, internship prerequisites, and internship mentoring. Overall, the internship experience was found to be beneficial.
assessing the effectiveness of statistical classification techniques in predicting future employment of participants in the temporary assistance for needy families program
Authors: Montoya Isaac D.
Published: December 2011

Three classification techniques (Chi‐square Automatic Interaction Detection [CHAID], Classification and Regression Tree [CART], and discriminant analysis) were tested to determine their accuracy in predicting Temporary Assistance for Needy Families program recipients' future employment. Technique evaluation was based on proportion of correctly predicted cases and 6 other criteria. Sustained employment was associated with both recipients' subjective work‐related skills assessments and their objective test scores, and with their educational levels and marital status. Correct case classification by model was 74% for CHAID, 75% for CART, and 68% for discriminant analysis. Results suggest these classification tools can be useful supplements in assessments of clients' employment potentials.
making the case: demonstrating the impact of career and employment services
Authors: Neault Roberta A. , Pickerell Deirdre A.
Published: December 2011

Career development practitioners understand that the value of career and employment services extends beyond attachment to the labor market. However, “soft” outcomes such as increased self‐efficacy and improved ability to manage transitions are difficult to measure. Convincing funders and policy makers of the significance of such outcomes may be challenging; consequently, important interventions may not be mandated or funded. In this article, the importance of effective program evaluation is highlighted, limitations of current evaluation models are identified, and a draft evaluation framework that facilitates tracking long‐term impacts of career and employment services is applied to critique a government‐commissioned summative evaluation report.
Professional Development of a New Assistant Professor in Counselor Education: A Model for Navigating the 1st Year
Authors: CONWAY MORGAN BROOKS
Published: December 2011

Professional development in academia has multiple components, and new counselor educators are often not given clear directions for navigating these components. A model with both content and process components of successfully navigating the 1st year as an assistant professor is presented. In addition, the value of creating a portfolio is highlighted.
Person‐to‐Person Learning: A Form of Creativity in Education
Authors: FERCH SHANN R. , JOHN IRIS ST. , REYES RAYMOND , RAMSEY MARLEEN
Published: December 2011

In this article, the authors present an approach to developing creativity through meaningful learning relationships that involve art, literature, dialogue, and experience. They present a model of creative teaching, Person‐to‐Person Learning, that includes a 3‐stage process: (a) constructing the creative space, (b) engaging the learning theme, and (c) thematic closure.
Multicultural Counselor Preparation: A Transformational Pedagogy
Authors: HENRIKSEN RICHARD C.
Published: December 2011

A multicultural transformational pedagogy based on existential and humanistic principles is applied to counselor education. C. E. Vontress's (1979, 1985, 1988) and J. A. Banks's (1981, 1993, 1998) cross‐cultural counseling and multicultural education principles provide the framework for a new counselor education pedagogy. Suggestions for implementation are also provided. Recommendations for research are provided and discussed.
Tapping Into the Wellspring of Wellness
Authors: GLADDING SAMUEL T.
Published: December 2011

Wellness is the result of internal as well as external factors. This article examines 3 internal means for promoting wellness: humor, metaphor, and writing. By using these resources, individuals may stay healthier and happier psychologically and physically. Research on the power of these factors is briefly described.
Relational and Transcendental Humanism: Exploring the Consequences of a Thoroughly Pragmatic Humanism
Authors: HANSEN JAMES T.
Published: December 2011

The relational and transcendental elements of humanism are considered. Although the relational component of humanism is extraordinarily valuable, the author argues that the transcendental portion of humanism should be abandoned. The implications of a thoroughly pragmatic humanism are explored.
Humanistic Wellness Services for Community Mental Health Providers
Authors: CARNEY JOLYNN V.
Published: December 2011

The author examines the unique ability of mental health providers to offer humanistic services in a highly competitive atmosphere by using a wellness approach. J. E. Myers and T. J. Sweeney's (2005) 5 second‐order factors are offered as a conceptual model. Therapeutic techniques and humanizing benefits for individuals, families, and communities are provided.
Helping Counselor Trainees Overcome Barriers to Seeking Help
Authors: MCCARTHY JOHN
Published: December 2011

Despite the perception that counseling can be helpful to counselor trainees for both personal and professional reasons, few empirical studies have been conducted on their help‐seeking attitudes and behaviors. This article discusses possible barriers to trainees' use of counseling and offers counselor educators recommendations for promoting the use of counseling services.
Understanding the Culture of the Student‐Athlete: Implications for College Counselors
Authors: DESPRES JOSEPH , BRADY FRANK , McGOWAN A. SCOTT
Published: December 2011

This article explores the development of college athletics as a cultural phenomenon and highlights some of the problems that have evolved. Implications for college counselors are discussed, including the recommendation that they assist student‐athletes to achieve a more rewarding balance between athletics and academics.
Counseling Practice: In Defense of Passive Modes of Professional Engagement
Authors: HANSEN JAMES T.
Published: December 2011

Historically, passive ideologies of counseling have regularly morphed into active approaches. The author contends that professional power and status are the underlying motives for this ideological transition. Based on empirical findings and recent philosophical developments, a case is made for the counseling profession to revalue passive ideologies of helping.
Stigma and Mental Illness: Investigating Attitudes of Mental Health and Non‐Mental‐Health Professionals and Trainees
Authors: SMITH ALLISON L. , CASHWELL CRAIG S.
Published: December 2011

The authors explored attitudes toward adults with mental illness. Results suggest that mental health trainees and professionals had less stigmatizing attitudes than did non‐mental‐health trainees and professionals. Professionals receiving supervision had higher mean scores on the Benevolence subscale than did professionals who were not receiving supervision. Implications for teaching, practice, and research are discussed.
Self‐Determination Theory: The Importance of Autonomy to Well‐Being Across Cultures
Authors: WICHMANN SONIA SECHER
Published: December 2011

According to proponents of self‐determination theory, autonomous regulation is a universal psychological human need. Researchers have found autonomy (defined as acting in accordance with one's values) related to well‐being across cultures. Encouraging client autonomy is therefore fundamental to the practice of humanistic counseling.
Children and Chronic Sorrow: Reconceptualizing the Emotional Impact of Parental Rejection and Its Treatment
Authors: McADAMS CHARLES R. , DEWELL JOHN A. , HOLMAN ANGELA R.
Published: December 2011

The concept of chronic sorrow offers a fresh perspective for understanding the negative emotional impact of parental rejection on children. Additionally, it provides a clinical alternative to coercion for breaking through children's emotional defenses against further rejection in caregiving relationships.
A Profile of Adolescent Wellness: Implications for Working With a Help‐Seeking Population
Authors: WATSON JOSHUA C. , LEMON JAN C.
Published: December 2011

This study examined wellness profiles for 114 adolescents receiving counseling services at a local community mental health center. Participants were administered the Five Factor Wellness Inventory‐Teenage Version and their responses were compared with a norm group (n = 1,142). Participants scored significantly lower on 13 of 23 variables assessed.
Facilitating College Students' Authenticity and Psychological Well‐Being Through the Use of Mandalas: An Empirical Study
Authors: PISARIK CHRISTOPHER T. , LARSON KAREN R.
Published: December 2011

The purpose of this study was twofold: to examine the relationship between authenticity and psychological well‐being, and to examine the effects of creating and interpreting mandalas on the levels of authenticity and psychological well‐being of college students. The results and their implications for practice and future research are discussed.
Entering Communities: Social Justice Oriented Disaster Response Counseling
Authors: WEST‐OLATUNJI CIRECIE , GOODMAN RACHAEL D.
Published: December 2011

Counselors need to learn how to effectively and respectfully enter into communities hit by disasters and create collaborative partnerships with community members. Using critical consciousness theory, the authors describe a humanistic, culturally responsive approach to disaster response counseling for marginalized individuals and communities and discuss empowering clients through culture‐centered interventions and providing social justice advocacy.
Operationalizing Social Justice Counseling: Paradigm to Practice
Authors: LEWIS JUDITH A.
Published: December 2011

Social justice counseling, like all humanistic models, recognizes the dignity of each human being, affirms the right of all people to choose and work toward their own goals, and asserts the importance of service to community. The social justice paradigm brings a special emphasis on the role of the environment.
Implementing a Community Intervention to Promote Social Justice and Advocacy: Analysis of a Town Hall Meeting on Race, Justice, and Peace
Authors: SCHAEFE SCOTT , CATES JENNIFER , MALOTT KRISTA , CONWILL WILLIAM , DANIELS JUDY
Published: December 2011

A diverse team of counselor educators used a phenomenological qualitative research method to analyze a social justice group intervention—a town hall meeting among a group of students, educators, and mental health professionals that focused on race, justice, and peace. Participants described forms of oppression in their personal and professional lives and strategies to combat them.
Exposure to School Bullying and the Social Capital of Sixth‐Grade Students
Authors: CARNEY JOLYNN V. , JACOB CHARLES J. , HAZLER RICHARD J.
Published: December 2011

Data from 91 U.S. middle school students using self‐reports of social capital and bullying suggest a link between exposure to bullying and a decreased sense that people in general are trustworthy and fair. Implications for individuals and societies are considered.
The Triune Brain: A New Paradigm for Education
Authors: NUMMELA RENATE M. , ROSENGREN TENNES M.
Published: December 2011

A conceptualization of the triune brain is described as offering an opportunity for a new learning paradigm that has great significance for education.
Honesty: Expanding Skills Beyond Professional Roles
Authors: WILBUR MICHAEL P. , WILBUR JANICE ROBERTS
Published: December 2011

An atheoretical perspective is provided with which to compare and integrate the concept of honesty with familiar counseling concepts and skills.
Spontaneous Creativity in the Classroom
Authors: SAWADA DAIYO
Published: December 2011

Recent developments in the natural sciences have revealed new processes of nature that allow a humanistic redefinition of creativity in simple yet basic terms.
Sex and Age Differences in Children's Creative Writing
Authors: TREPANIER‐STREET MARY L. , ROMATOWSKI JANE A.
Published: December 2011

The stories written by school‐age children were examined for sex and age differences in the assignment of emotions and prosocial and aggressive behaviors to the story characters.
States of Consciousness and Curriculum Development: An Introduction for Teachers
Authors: FLAKE CAROL L.
Published: December 2011

A workshop designed to introduce preservice and in‐service teachers to the latest findings from research on human consciousness is described.
Self‐Concept of Pregnant Adolescents: A Case Study
Authors: ELKES BARBARA HALPREN , CROCITTO JOHN A.
Published: December 2011

Using a case study approach, the authors assessed the self‐concepts of three pregnant adolescents regarding life history, personality traits, and development. The Tennessee Self‐Concept Scale was used to provide a self‐concept rating.
Using Senior Citizen Volunteers in the Schools
Authors: CARNEY JOHN M. , DOBSON JUDITH E. , DOBSON RUSSELL L.
Published: December 2011

A senior citizen volunteer aide program was designed, implemented, and evaluated in one elementary school.
Facilitating Second‐Order Change in the Counseling Encounter
Authors: KROEKER RANDY
Published: December 2011

The author suggests that creating therapeutic contexts that enable second‐order change to occur naturally may be more productive than making second‐order change the goal of therapy.
Activity Therapy: An Alternative Therapy for Adolescents
Authors: KOTTMAN TERRY T. , STROTHER JOANNA , DENIGER MARCY M.
Published: December 2011

The authors discuss the benefits of activity therapy for preteens and adolescents, describe the activity room, and list the materials needed to conduct this type of therapy.
Understanding Qualitative Research: A Strategic Approach to Qualitative Methodology
Authors: HUSBAND ROBERT , FOSTER WILLIAM
Published: December 2011

The authors discuss the basic character of qualitative, humanistic research, providing a taxonomy of investigative strategies and methods of this emerging research orientation.
Politics in the School: Teachers' Political Orientations Toward the Principal
Authors: BLASE JOSEPH J. , WILLIAMS HARRY B.
Published: December 2011

The authors report research findings concerning political behaviors teachers use to protect themselves from and to influence the behaviors of their school principals.
A Study of Children's Fears
Authors: ROBINSON EDWARD H. , ROBINSON SANDRA L. , WHETSELL MARTHA VELASCO
Published: December 2011

More than 500 children between the ages of 5 and 13 were interviewed using a structured format with visual cues to determine what objects children tend to fear.
Teacher Touch and Children's Self‐Esteem: A Pilot Study
Authors: CHENEY CHRISTINE O. , MAPLES MARY F. , JENKINS STEPHEN J.
Published: December 2011

The authors conducted a pilot study of third‐grade students to determine whether a relationship existed between increased amounts of teacher touch and the students' self‐esteem.
The Right To Remain Silent
Authors: HILLMAN JAMES
Published: December 2011

The author examines the relationship between imagination, silence, and democracy, and claims that all human rights depend on freedom of imagination and esthetic sensitivity.
Women, Power, and Organizational Politics
Authors: HUNSAKER JOHANNA S.
Published: December 2011

Power is discussed to educate female administrators and managers about its importance and how to use it appropriately to be effective in their jobs and careers.
Leonardo: The Teacher as An Instrument of Change
Authors: BERRETTA SHIRLEY
Published: December 2011

By living his values in an authentic way, one teacher affirmed himself to his students as he involved them in their processes of becoming teachers and counselors.
Buried Messages, Hidden Meanings: Speech Mannerisms Revisited
Authors: MORGAN LEWIS B.
Published: December 2011

Counselors are introduced to 10 commonly used mannerisms of speech and the part that each mannerism plays in the communication process, especially in the counseling context. Suggestions are offered on how to respond to these speech mannerisms in a straightforward and effective manner.
Counselor‐Client Interaction: Impact of Client Content on Counselor Judgments
Authors: DUNN GARY E. , BORGERS SHERRY B. , THOMAS ARTHUR H.
Published: December 2011

This study was designed to assess whether or not counselors perceived clients with different concerns as equally in need of counseling and equally desirable to work with.
Classroom and Curriculum Management Issues for Humanistic and Confluent Teachers
Authors: MOHENO PHILLIP B.B.
Published: December 2011

Several studies call attention to the need for appropriate (humanistic) classroom and curriculum management training among teachers who advocate humanistic ideals to improve their efficacy.
Journal Review: An Examination of The Journal of Humanistic Education and Development
Authors: REGAN STEPHEN D.
Published: December 2011

This article examines the characteristics of The Journal of Humanistic Education and Development and the earlier Humanist Educator regarding author information, editorial hoard membership, and general content.
Teaching About Gay and Lesbian Sexual and Affectional Orientation Using Explicit Films to Reduce Homophobia
Authors: WELLS JOEL W.
Published: December 2011

An educational approach to reduce homophobia effectively among undergraduate university students using explicit films, lectures, discussions, and a gay‐lesbian panel was investigated.
Student Teachers' Classroom Management Preferences
Authors: OSBORNE JOHN W. , BOISVERT GLORIA
Published: December 2011

In a study of various methods of classroom management, education students strongly favored humanistic approaches to classroom management, regardless of their training program or sex.
Academic Failure, Alienation, the Threat of Extinction: A Global Perspective on Children at Risk
Authors: FLAKE CAROL L.
Published: December 2011

Common and critical global problems related to children who are at risk for failing academically, becoming alienated, and being an endangered species are discussed along with an antidote for those problems.
Educational Reform and the Loss of Humanism
Authors: REILLY DAVID H.
Published: December 2011

The possible effects of increased state level of control of education in the United States is discussed using the Republic of Cyprus as an example.
Adlerian Play Therapy
Authors: KOTTMAN TERRY , WARLICK JAYNE
Published: December 2011

Adlerian play therapy represents an integration of the concepts and techniques of individual psychology into a method of using play to help troubled children.
Personality Characteristics of Adult Children of Alcoholics
Authors: WILSON EAN , BLOCHER LINDA
Published: December 2011

This article investigates personality characteristics of adult children of alcoholics (ACAs) by using the Children of Alcoholics Screening Test (CAST) and the Personal Orientation Inventory (POI)
Abraham Maslow's Legacy for Counseling
Authors: HOFFMAN EDWARD
Published: December 2011

Twenty years after Abraham Maslow's death (in 1970), it is time for a close look at his legacy for the counseling field. Maslow's innovative work, often misinterpreted by both his admirers as well as his critics, remains highly relevant to current concerns in counseling.
Women's Learning: Goddesses and Individuation
Authors: SAUL JEAN RANNELLS
Published: December 2011

Jungian individuation offers a research framework replete with rich images and concepts. This study explores the influence of deity images upon the individuation of women who are taking a university course. Three teaching strategies that appear to foster individuation are discussed. Case studies of three women are presented to illustrate the conceptualization of individuation and the teaching strategies.
Critique of Self‐Actualization Theory
Authors: MASLOW ABRAHAM H.
Published: December 2011

Edward Hoffman's (Editor) Note. It is ironic that Abraham H. Maslow's humanistic approach has been criticized as ignoring the need for empirical validation, because he always invited precisely such criticism from colleagues. In the late 1960s Maslow even worried over the fact that his speculations were being too eagerly accepted as “gospel” rather than as scientific theory. In this unpublished paper written in October, 1966, Maslow sought to make explicit some of humanistic psychology's unproven axioms and assumptions.
Gender Role Conditioning and Women's Self‐Concept
Authors: Long Vonda O.
Published: December 2011

This study supports the cumulative body of literature that suggests that masculinity is a strong predictor of mental health in women. Masculine and androgynous sex role orientations, both of which incorporate high masculinity scores, were strongly related to positive self‐concept, whereas feminine and undifferentiated orientations, which incorporate low masculinity scores, were associated with poorer self‐concepts.
The Effects of School Environment on Intrinsic Motivation of Middle‐School Children
Authors: Matthews Doris B.
Published: December 2011

This study showed higher levels of intrinsic motivation in academic learning for students from a humanistic school setting than for boys and girls from a more structured environment.
Developmentally Appropriate Assessment: Alternatives to Standardized Testing
Authors: Moore Richard E.
Published: December 2011

Ample evidence exists that standardized tests may not adequately reflect student achievement and may be harmful to the educational process and student development, especially for young children. Developmentally appropriate alternatives are presented that are available for use in the classroom and on district and state levels.
Self‐Esteem, Achievement, and Career Choices of Rural Students
Authors: Wilson Jean , Fask Daniel
Published: December 2011

The current study investigated the self‐esteem, achievement, and career choices of 218 high school students in a small rural school. The Self‐Esteem Inventory Scores tended to be low. Most students selected occupations traditional for their sex, regardless of their self‐esteem scores. Young women were more likely to consider nontraditional occupations.
Multiple Perspectives on the Labeling, Treatment, and Disciplining of At‐Risk Students
Authors: Weinberg Carl , Weinberg Lois
Published: December 2011

This article examines student problems from three different perspectives: the idiosyncratic, the sociocultural, and the institutional. Common student problems of learning, inappropriate behavior, depression, and absenteeism or truancy are evaluated through the lens of multiple perspective analysis.
Compassionate Math
Authors: Eisenberg Marilyn
Published: December 2011

The current emphasis on nonroutine problem‐solving techniques causes mathematics teachers to confront anxiety in their students more than ever. Using methods from Transactional Analysis, caring teachers can expand their affective role in helping students with mathematics anxiety by showing them how to get past their resentments and limiting beliefs in mathematics.