bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The Religious Sciences in Ancient Egypt
Authors: von Lieven Alexandra
Published: April 2021

Within the Ancient Egyptian temple, science was an important occupation for certain specialized priests. Two fields particularly well documented are astronomy and astrology on the one hand, and medicine on the other. For the medical practitioners, namely the Sakhmet priest and the Leader of Serqet, there are even special manuals for their use attested. The paper presents some of the evidence and discusses it within its cultural context.
Management of patients with X-linked hypophosphatemic rickets during Covid-19 pandemic lockdown
Authors: Baroncelli Giampiero I. , Bertelloni Silvano , Cosci o Di Coscio Mirna , Tyutyusheva Nina , D’Elios Sofia , Peroni Diego
Published: April 2021

Objectives

To identify a safe pathway for management and treatment of patients with X-linked hypophosphatemic rickets (XLH) during Covid-19 pandemic lockdown.

Methods

Twenty-six patients with XLH (age 3.1–25.7 years) were enrolled in Pediatric Endocrine Unit; nine of them were receiving human monoclonal anti-fibroblast growth factor 23 antibody (burosumab) and 17 (pediatric patients, age 9.5–17.9 years, n=7; young-adult patients, age 20.1–25.7 years, n=10) received conventional treatment with inorganic oral phosphate salts and active vitamin D metabolites. A Covid-19 free pathway was addressed for XLH patients receiving burosumab treatment in hospital. XLH patients receiving conventional treatment were followed by phone calls, e-mails, or telemedicine.

Results

All XLH patients receiving burosumab continued the scheduled follow-up and treatment; none of them was infected by Covid-19. Seven XLH patients out of 17 (41%) receiving conventional treatment showed some complication related to the disease itself or its treatment: periapical abscess with gingival fistula was diagnosed in five patients (three children and two young-adults) and treated with antibiotics with complete resolution; one child showed abdominal pain due to the administration of high doses of inorganic oral phosphate salts solved by reducing the dosage, and one child had severe legs pain during deambulation after orthopedic surgery solved with common analgesics.

Conclusions

Covid-19 free pathway was safe and effective to manage XLH patients receiving burosumab. E-health technologies were useful methods to follow XLH patients receiving conventional treatment during Covid-19 pandemic lockdown.
Imaging diagnosis and legal implications of brain injury in survivors following single intrauterine fetal demise from monochorionic twins – a review of the literature
Authors: Cruciat Gheorghe , Nemeti Georgiana Irina , Popa-Stanila Roxana , Florian Andreea , Goidescu Iulian Gabriel
Published: April 2021

Brain injury of the surviving twin from monochorionic pregnancies following intrauterine fetal demise during the second and third trimesters is a rare but severe complication. Monochorionicity and gestational age at the time of stillbirth seem to be decisive factors in terms of long-term neurologic outcome prediction for the survivor. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), diffusion weighted imaging (DWI) in particular, seem to bring the earliest and most accurate diagnosis. Ultrasound detection of brain damage is possible in later stages of fetal brain injury. It is essential to provide early diagnosis and multidisciplinary counsel to the parents to ensure informed decision making. For couples who choose to terminate pregnancy legislation related to late abortion might lead to further distress. Our paper aims to stress the importance of MRI DWI in the evaluation of surviving twins following single intrauterine fetal demise in monochorionic pregnancies and the delicate context of the medical professionals and parents facing this clinical situation, sometimes complicated by legal constraints.
The Beliefs-Rules-Equilibrium Account of Institutions: A Contribution to a Naturalistic Social Ontology
Authors: Hédoin Cyril
Published: April 2021

This paper pursues a naturalist endeavor in social ontology by arguing that the Beliefs-Rules-Equilibrium account of institutions can help to advance the debate over the nature of social kinds. This account of institutions emerges from a growing number of works in economics that use game theory to study the role and the functioning of institutions in human societies. I intend to show how recent developments in the economic analysis of rules and institutions can help solve issues that are generally considered constitutive of any ontological inquiry. I argue that the Beliefs-Rules-Equilibrium account of institutions can contribute to advancing the debate on an issue of particular importance, regarding the specific form of dependence characterizing the relation between institutions and individuals’ attitudes about them. I tackle this issue by taking Francesco Guala's claims about the nature of institutions made in his book “Understanding Institutions” as a point of departure. In particular, I reject Guala’s functionalism about institutions. On the basis of the Beliefs-Rules-Equilibrium account, I claim that it is futile to search for constitutive features of general institutions (money, property rights, family…) and that the best we can have is a knowledge of what are the rules within a specific institution, which the agents consider to be essential in their institutional practice.
Rassistische Sprache – Eine Untersuchung zu Strategien für das Simultandolmetschen vom Englischen ins Deutsche hinsichtlich ihrer Praktikabilität
Authors: Le ngoc Quynh Anh
Published: April 2021

This article offers an insight into strategies in English-to-German simultaneous interpretation that can be applied when a speaker uses racist language. Six interpreters were first introduced to a selection of strategies. They were then asked to interpret a staged panel discussion in which racist language was used. Each time they recognized racist speech they were supposed to intuitively apply one of the strategies they had previously been introduced to. In a final step, all six interpreters took part in a focus group interview during which they assessed the applied strategies and discussed difficulties.

The results from both the interpretations and the focus group interview illustrate how racist speech can be interpreted critically. They offer a new perspective on traditional translation and interpretation theories as well as on the role of interpreters. The article concludes with some ideas as to how the results could be incorporated into interpretation didactics. Given the fact that we live and work in a time in which power relations and the world’s landscape continue to shift and change, it appears appropriate to challenge the current self-image of interpreters.
Neue Perspektiven für die Dolmetschwissenschaft durch systemtheoretische Modellierung
Authors: Salevsky Heidemarie
Published: April 2021

This article discusses problems of systemic software-based modelling. It presents a first computer-aided model of interpreting, developed by Martina Behr, professor of Translatology with emphasis on interpreting studies at Innsbruck University. The model focusses on complexity and dynamics on the basis of the software iModeler by Consideo. Some of the key ideas of this approach are contrasted with the modelling of translation processes on the basis of the software Sensitivitätsmodell Prof. Vester® (Salevsky/Müller 2011). An outline is given concerning research desiderata for innovation in Interpreting Studies in transdisciplinary centres.
Satisfaction and Consumption Emotions of Library Users at a Public University in Mexico: A Case Study
Authors: Miranda-Valencia Blanca-Lidia
Published: April 2021

Consumption emotions are not always considered when satisfaction with library services is assessed. In this research, consumption emotions perceived by users of eight different libraries of a Mexican higher education institution are identified when using library services. Laros and Steenkamp. 2005. “Emotions in Consumer Behavior: A Hierarchical Approach.” Journal of Business Research 58: 1437–45. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jbusres.2003.09.013 hierarchical scale was used to assess library users’ consumption emotions. The relationship between those emotions and the users’ satisfaction is then established and analyzed using both descriptive statistics analysis and an entropy-oriented machine learning approach. The first approach suggests that users feel more positive consumption emotions (contentment and happiness) than negative emotions (anger). The entropy analysis shows that the identified consumption emotions have a great prediction power over the satisfaction level that users will manifest. This research contributes to the issue of satisfaction assessment by including library users’ consumption emotions in Mexico.
A Distinct Type of Online Group for Customer Knowledge Innovation: The Virtual Product User Community
Authors: Li Xuguang , Cox Andrew
Published: April 2021

Among online communities of customers there are a number of different types of group that need to be distinguished. One interesting type are virtual product user communities, i.e. company sponsored online forums where product users share usage experience and collaboratively construct new knowledge to solve technical problems. The purpose of this paper is to show that these “virtual product user communities” are a distinct type of customer group with knowledge innovation capability. The research adopts a method combining observation and content analysis of discussion threads where technical problems are solved, complemented by thematic analysis of interviews with forum members to explore its character, especially its knowledge related attributes. The paper confirms empirically that the virtual product user community is a distinct type of virtual community and can be differentiated from other virtual communities of consumers. In addition, an enhanced classification framework, extending Porter’s (2004) classic 5Ps model, is proposed to highlight knowledge-related activities in virtual communities. Of particular interest is that the findings suggest that knowledge-related activities should be considered as an important attribute in defining and classifying virtual communities. In terms of practical implications, it is recommended that the virtual product user community should be given appropriate support from top management in order to fully exploit its knowledge innovation value. Moreover, tailored facilitation strategies to promote knowledge construction activities and community development can be developed in accordance with its unique attributes. The paper precisely distinguishes one specific type of innovative virtual community consisting of product users from other online customer communities. Moreover, it outlines a revised virtual community classification framework, which can be widely applied in analysing features of online groups. Its key attribute of knowledge-related activity redirects attention to virtual communities’ knowledge innovation capabilities.
Preparation Methods for Lower Bainite after a Continuous Austempering Treatment of Thin Sheets of the Eutectoid Cold Work Steel 80CrV2 (1.2235)
Authors: Holm C. , Gittel H.-J. , Theiß R. , Pelshenke C. , Dültgen P.
Published: April 2021

Strip material with a thickness of 0.85 m was austempered in a suitable continuous hardening furnace for the further development of blade body steels used for thin-cutting circular and band saw blades. This work also comprised the search for a rather straightforward metallographic preparation procedure allowing for a reliable identification of the microstructure and microstructural constituents. The prepared microstructure can be revealed using Nital or Beraha and LePera etching solutions. None of the three etchants allows a reliable and reproducible distinction of the microstructural constituents of the extremely fine-grained lower bainite using light-optical techniques. Only the use of the scanning electron microscope at higher magnifications allows a reliable identification of the characteristic bainite fiber bundles. For this examination, etching with Nital is recommended.
Investigating the electrical percolation threshold of ternary composite films with different compatibility between polymer blends
Authors: Xu Huagen , Qu Muchao , Yang Qiancheng , Schubert Dirk W.
Published: April 2021

Electrical conductive of polystyrene (PS)/poly(butyl methacrylate) (PBMA)/carbon black (CB) and PS/poly (cyclohexyl methacrylate) (PChMA)/CB ternary composite films with different polymer blend ratios are prepared through solution casting. The percolation thresholds (ϕc) of all the composite films before and after thermal annealing have been determined through the McLachlan GEM equation. Moreover, the PS/poly (methyl methacrylate) (PMMA)/CB and PS/poly (ethyl methacrylate) (PEMA)/CB films obtained from the same method while only considering conductivity after thermal annealing as well in this work for comparison. Though the CB particles are revealed to be located at only one polymer phase of all four different polymer blends, with compatibility between polymer blends increasing, the ternary composite films show differentϕcbehaviors by changing polymer blend ratios. In PS/PChMA/CB case, the phase separation between PChMA and PS cannot be observed under scanning electron microscope (SEM). After thermal annealing, all theϕcof PS/PChMA/CB films with different PS/PChMA ratios almost show a linear behavior instead of the double percolation behavior with PChMA content increasing. Suppose bothϕcof binary systems (polymer A/filler and polymer B/filler) is determined. In that case, a linear behavior relationship between theϕcof the ternary composites (A + B + fillers) with the ratio of two polymers can be revealed when polymer A and B are miscible.
A walk through the history of Spanish thought influenced by Uexküll
Authors: Castro Oscar
Published: April 2021

Jakob Johannes von Uexküll’s biological thought influenced a new path to approach the view of a living being throughout of the twentieth century. At the beginning of the past century, in Spain a “new vertebrate way of thinking” was generated, as Ortega would say. And the work of Uexküll initiated an interest in the circles of thinkers of the likes of Julio Caro Baroja, José Ortega y Gasset, and Xavier Zubiri among others. My aim is describing how Uexküll plays a part in the development in the foundations of thoughts of these thinkers; in particular, Ortega and Zubiri’s thought and their interactions between the circumstantiality and formality, respectively, and Uexküll’s Umwelt. In fact, Ortega’s biological thought was the foundation of his vitalism realism and made a giant step in philosophical anthropology existentialism in his Meditations of Quixote in 1911. We will also see the anthropologist Caro Baroja’s epistemic Uexküll influences. A retrospective view of Spanish thought will be developed, where the seeds of Uexküll made fruitful the development of several authors, as well as some transitive or indirect influences; even the generation of discrepancies in others. Finally, we will describe the development, in Spanish, that had the work of Thure von Uexküll, which includes the work of his father. With Thure, the Uexküll influences in Spain concluded until the start of interest in zoosemiotics and biosemiotics.
Recyclable polymer microgel stabilized rhodium nanoparticles for reductive degradation of para-nitrophenol
Authors: Iqbal Sadia , Musaddiq Sara , Begum Robina , Irfan Ahmad , Ahmad Zahoor , Azam Muhammad , Nisar Jan , Farooqi Zahoor H.
Published: April 2021

The purpose of present work is to fabricate rhodium nanoparticles in Poly(N-isopropylmethacrylamide-acrylic acid) [p(NMAA)] microgel system. Synthesized polymer [p(NMAA)] microgels and rhodium nanoparticles loaded [Rh-p(NMAA)] microgels were analyzed by FTIR (Fourier Transform Infra-red) spectroscopy, XRD (X-ray Diffraction) analysis and UV/Vis (Ultraviolet–Visible) spectroscopy. Catalytic reductive conversion of P-nitrophenol (P-Nph) into P-aminophenol (P-Aph) via Rh-p(NMAA) was used to evaluate the catalytic activity of the hybrid microgel [Rh-p(NMAA)]. Kinetic study of catalytic reductive conversion of P-Nph was explored by considering various reaction parameters. It was found that the value of first order observed rate constant (k
obs) was varied from 0.019 to 0.206 min−1 with change in concentration of sodium borohydride (SBH) from 3 to 14 mM at given temperature. However, further increment in concentration of SBH from 14 to 17 mM, reduced the value of k
obs from 0.206 to 0.156 min−1. The similar dependence of k
obs on concentration of P-Nph was observed at specific concentration of SBH and Rh-p(NMAA) at constant temperature. Kinetic study reveals that conversion of P-Nph to P-Aph takes place on the surface of rhodium nanoparticles (RhNPs) by adopting different reactions intermediates and obeys the Langmuir-Hinshelwood mechanism. Reduction efficiency of recycled Rh-p(NMAA) catalytic system was also measured and no significant reduction in the percentage catalytic activity was obtained up to four cycles for P-Nph conversion into P-Aph.
Cobalt doping of nickel ferrites via sol gel approach: effect of doping on the structural and dielectric properties
Authors: Majid Farzana , Dildar Seemab , Ata Sadia , Bibi Ismat , Mohsin Ijaz ul , Ali Adnan , Almoneef Maha M. , Iqbal Munawar , Irshad Saba , Nazir Arif , Ali Muhammad D.
Published: April 2021

Cobalt doped nickel ferrites were fabricated by sol gel route and the dielectric constant, tangent loss and AC conductivity were investigated as a function of Co doping. The X-ray diffractometer characterization confirmed that the Co
x
Ni1−x
Fe2O4 with doping concentration (x = 0.1, 0.2, 0.3, 0.4, and 0.5) have cubic spinel structure. In the XRD spectrum there appear extra peaks of Fe2O3 as an impurity that is gradually disappear by increasing doping ratio of cobalt ions, which is an indication of high crystallinity. The structural parameters (lattice constant, grain size, dislocation density, X-rays density and packing factor) are greatly influenced by the doping of cobalt atoms i.e., lattice constant increases. The crystal size increases from 30 to 42.26 nm by cobalt substitution in the pure nickel ferrites. The Fourier Transform IR Spectroscopy indicate shift in peaks to lower frequency region because cobalt doping reduced binding energy between metal ion and oxygen ions. Atomic structure of cobalt doped nickel ferrites examined by the Raman spectroscopy. Co
x
Ni1−x
Fe2O4 shows Raman mode at ∼285, ∼477, ∼563, ∼624 and ∼704 cm−1. There is unnoticeable Raman shift due to the doping of cobalt’s atoms.
Von der Kurvendiskussion zum Internet der Dinge
Authors: Jondral Friedrich K.
Published: April 2021

Ausgehend von der Schulmathematik, skizzieren wir einen leicht nachvollziehbaren Weg zum Verständnis des Internet der Dinge und von Industrie 4.0. Mit Hilfe des Bits als Informationsquant wird die Digitalisierung, d. h. die Überführung analoger Größen in diskrete Werte, anschaulich am Beispiel des maschinellen Lesens erklärt. Die Digitalisierung als eine notwendige Voraussetzung für den Einsatz der Mikroelektronik ist Motor des rasanten technologischen Fortschritts der vergangenen 50 Jahre, der seinerseits an der Entwicklung des zellularen Mobilfunks von der Analogtechnik bis zur 5. Generation nachvollzogen werden kann.**
Qualifiziertes Ersatzteilmanagement als Schlüssel zum Erfolg
Authors: Voswinckel Themo , Frerichs Hannes
Published: April 2021

Produzierende KMU stehen aufgrund von zunehmendem Wettbewerb vor der Herausforderung, dass sie mit immer wertigeren und gleichzeitig günstigeren Produkten bei kurzfristigeren Verfügbarkeiten punkten müssen. Ein dabei nicht selten vernachlässigtes Potenzial liegt im Ersatzteilmanagement. Im Rahmen eines Forschungsprojekts des FIR an der RWTH Aachen zur Etablierung eines systematischen Ersatzteilmanagements wurde eine Ist-Analyse von KMU durchgeführt, welche große Nutzenpotenziale aufzeigte.
Plant-Derived Drug Discovery in an Introductory Biology Laboratory Course
Authors: Kuzmenko Tatiana , Sharma Ashwarya , Willette Demian A.
Published: April 2021

Hands-on, inquiry-based laboratory activities are excellent opportunities to introduce first-year undergraduate students to the lab environment and to catalyze new interest in topics they may not yet know or be as enthusiastic about studying. We describe a multisession introductory laboratory activity that couples the research areas of medicinal drug discovery and plant biology. Selecting from a diversity of native California plants and broadly recognized medicinal plants, students learn and apply an assortment of basic phytochemical assays, analyze preliminary data, and then formulate hypothesis-driven follow-up experiments. Working in small groups, students develop shared project management and collaboration skills, and present activity results to peers in multiple modalities. Furthermore, we summarize findings from 163 student experiments using 29 plant species into an Instructor’s Resource Table to facilitate guiding students through their preliminary and follow-up experiments. Lastly, we include student responses from pre- and post-activity surveys on their changing attitudes toward plant biology.
Making Decisions with Data
Authors: Cooper Robert A.
Published: April 2021

Reliable scientific conclusions are based on verifiable empirical evidence. But data must be transformed and interpreted before they become evidence, and statistical inference plays an important role in the process of interpretation. Biologists use statistics to organize and analyze data so that they can make inferences and use the data as evidence. Students should have opportunities to collect and analyze data in their biology classes as well. In this activity, students collect data on the surface areas of sun leaves and shade leaves, then analyze the data using the independentsamples t-test. The t-test procedure can be used in investigations where two groups are compared on one dependent variable.
English Author Dictionaries as Contribution to National Heritage
Authors: Karpova Olga
Published: April 2021

The paper is devoted to cultural heritage dictionaries with special reference to the oldest branch of English lexicography – author lexicography, comprising three hundred reference books of different types: concordances, glossaries, lexicons, indices, thesauri, etc. The article describes the main trends in developing author linguistic dictionaries for general and special purposes to single and complete works of G. Chaucer, W. Shakespeare, J. Milton, other famous English writers since the 16th c. up to the present days. The architecture of author encyclopedic dictionaries (guides, encyclopedias, companions) and onomasticons (dictionaries of characters and place names, who is who in … series) and their significant contribution to the English language, culture and society are discussed. The main accent is made on the digital era of English heritage lexicography, innovative features of modern printed and Internet author reference resources, aimed at certain target groups users’ needs and demands.
Metalinguistic Apositions in the Monuments of the Polish Language
Authors: Zbróg Piotr
Published: April 2021

Monuments of the Polish language contain numerous examples of apposition groups of the type jezioro Błędno, imię Bartłomiej, miasto Betsaida, Maryja, match Boża, królewna Nebraska, Jesusa Krysta syna Dawidowego, Bogu Oćcu. Metalinguistic appositions refer to intra-textual elements, e.g. słowo Pokłada, słowo Betanija, imię Jan, imię Fryzon. The article focuses on an overview and description of expressions of this type from the formal point of view (internal structure, grammatical features of the members), semantic (issues of the connotation of the basis of apposition and apposition, denotation, function) and syntactic (deep structure, the arrangement of members, syntactic accommodation). As it turned out, these groups were, to a large extent, shaped in terms of their specific features in the oldest Polish language and have preserved them until the present times. In semantic and grammatical terms, contemporary constructions of the word Sometime or the name Piotr imitate the old Polish groups, such as the słowo Zawżdy or the imię Bartłomiej. They are connoted on both sides, characterized by inclusion and restrictiveness of appeals. Appeals are not accommodated; expressions have a strict chord and are derived from the use of elements SOUND or HAVE A CHARACTER. Even today, they appear extremely rarely in the texts.
Stephen Dixon's Novels: Autobiographicality as Transgression
Authors: Honcharova Yuliia , Lipina Victoriia
Published: April 2021

The idea advanced in the paper is to theorize the mechanisms of autobiographicality in Stephen Dixon’s novels that are viewed as a radical renewal of autobiographical narrative, where the modality of disappearance/return of the subject produces a new mode of life-writing. We propose the term “autobiographical transgression” to capture the essence of this renewal started by three representative figures – John Barth, Stephen Dixon, and Joseph Heller that can be reduced neither to autobiography as a genre, nor to “transgressive autobiography” as its generic variant. Dixon finds a new form for representing autos. He creates the character with the name-deixis I. that personifies a fiduciary subject, thus, suggesting a provocative restatement of postmodernist generic problems. In the novels I. and End of I. the autobiographical hero I. exists simultaneously as a metaphor of the author’s presence in the text, as the subjective author’s I and as a character in the novel − an objectified, semi-functional, distancing I. The transplanting of life experience manifests itself in a special kind of repersonalization and double coding of the traditional autobiographical subject.
Tourism and Guidebooks in the Activities of Academic Staff at the Faculty of Fine Art at Stefan Batory University in Vilnius
Authors: Kania Agnieszka
Published: April 2021

Stefan Batory University in Vilnius was established in 1919 as a regional entity to carry out scientific research and develop Polish academic education. One of its faculties – the Faculty of Fine Arts (1930–1939) – gathered charismatic and popular artists, historians and architects. Among them, two professors – Juliusz Kłos (1888–1933) and Marian Morelowski – published the guidebooks for Vilnius and Wileńszczyzna region (Wilno. Przewodnik krajoznawczy, 1937; Zarys sztuki wileńskiej z przewodnikiem po zabytkiem między Niemnem a Dźwiną, 1939). The book written by Kłos gained popularity and was often purchased by the tourists who visited Vilnius. The aim of the article is to determine the main methodology, historical approaches and working styles of both authors. Moreover, the paper involves their attitude towards developing tourism, cultural heritage and historical research. The article also involves the main ideas of artistic education professors had and how much tourism was involved in the whole education process for them.
Comparison of Diagnostic Accuracy of Tuberculosis Spondylitis between Genexpert and Histopathological Examination
Authors:   Department of Orthopaedic and Traumatology, Faculty of Medicine Universitas Padjadjaran/Dr. Hasan Sadikin General Hospital Bandung, Indonesia, Salim David Rudianto , Ramdan Ahmad , Alpharian Gibran Tristan
Published: April 2021

Tuberculosis is an infectious disease caused by Mycobacterium tuberculosis. Spinal TB is associated with poor functional outcomes. Histopathological examination requires a long waiting times to obtain the results thus impractical for screening and may delay diagnosis. GeneXpert offers rapid tests for prompt screening and diagnosis. This study aimed to assess the diagnostic accuracy of GeneXpert in patients with spinal TB when compared to the histopathology test as the gold standard. This study was performed on patients in the Spine Clinic of the Department of Orthopedic and Traumatology, Dr. Hasan Sadikin General Hospital Bandung who were diagnosed with spinal TB during the period of May 2019–May 2020. Blood samples were collected from the patients and tested using GeneXpert and histopathological assessment. Results demonstrated 34 patients with a positive result and 6 patients with negative results on both diagnostic methods. Twenty nine out of 40 patients (72.5%) had rifampin-sensitive TB. Diagnostic accuracy of GeneXpert, when compared to histopathological examination, is represented by the sensitivity of 88.2%, specificity of 33.3%, positive predictive value of 88.2%, and negative predictive value of 33.3%. High sensitivity results forpatients with spinal TB on GeneXpert suggests that the test is appropriate to be used as a screening method and as a high-yield rapid diagnostic test for patients suspected for spinal TB.
Clay minerals from rock salt of Bahadur Khel Formation, Eocene, Pakistan
Authors: YAREMCHUK Yaroslava , VOVNYUK Serhiy , TARIQ Mohammad
Published: April 2021

According to studies of the pelitic fraction of the water-insoluble residue of 10 samples of Eocene rock salt of the Bahadur Khel Formation (Pakistan), it was determined that the clay minerals association contains swelling chlorite, chlorite-smectite, illite and kaolinite; chlorite was identified in three samples. Non-clay minerals are represented by quartz, dolomite, less often – magnesite; one sample contains impurities of both carbonates. Swelling chlorite, chlorite and mixed-layer minerals are trioctahedral, and illite and kaolinite are dioctahedral. All identified clay minerals, with the exception of kaolinite, are authigenic. The presence of swelling chlorite in Eocene rock salt is probably caused by changes in the concentration of brines in the basin against the background of complex geological processes of this era (climate change from thermal maximum to global cooling, changes in water circulation in oceans, changes in isotopic composition of carbonates). The association of clay minerals of Eocene rock salt, taking into account the peculiarities of its composition and the presence of swelling chlorite in it, we attributed to that formed during the SO4-rich seawater chemical type. This is also confirmed by two finds of swelling chlorite in the Triassic evaporites (rock salt of the Western Moroccan Basin, Midland marl) described in the literature, which are known to have been deposited from SO4-rich seawater. The presence of kaolinite in almost all samples is caused by its largest accumulation in sediments of this time period – terrigenous kaolinite came in large quantities from dry land and did not transform even at the stage halite precipitation. Full Text Keywords clay minerals, swelling chlorite, rock salt, Eocene, Bahadur Khel Salt, Pakistan.
Materials Science in Ukraine
Authors: Firstov S.O.
Published: April 2021

In the short historical essay, the ways of formation of Materials Science in Ukraine are considered, and tendencies of its development over the World were taken into account. The outstanding human resources and excellent raw deposit capabilities of Ukraine have led to creating Ukrainian scientific schools back in the days of the Russian Empire, which were comparable to the Ural and another world schools of metallurgists and metal scientists. The further development of science on materials in Ukraine is closely related with establishing the Academy of Sciences in 1918. From the first twelve members of the All-Ukrainian Academy of Sciences, three of them namely V.I. Vernadsky, P.A. Tutkovsky and S.P. Tymoshenko, had represented the natural sciences. The election of E.O. Paton to the Academy in 1929 for "technical sciences" specialty had initiated the usage of promising achievements of fundamental sciences for development of applied ones. Since that, the famous Institutes of Ferrous Metallurgy (1936), Metal Ceramics and Special Alloys (1955) and others were founded. The idea to develop the new area of knowledge, which would combine the different types of interatomic bonding to be resulted in new materials and would not be preferable to metallic materials only, has been already in time, namely in 1963. B.Ye. Paton jointly with I.M. Frantcevych had created the Department of Physical and Technical Problems of Materials Science, which included a few institutes namely: electric welding (Paton Welding Institute, PWI), cermets and special alloys (Institute for Problems of Materials Science (IPMS since 1964), foundry (problems of casting since 1964, and Institute of Physics and Technology Metals and Alloys (PTIMA since 1996), mechanical engineering and automation (Institute of Physics and Mechanics (IPM since 1964). And although the institutions are quite different in their profiles, their uniting direction is materials science. As early as 1963, V.N. Yeremenko was elected as the first academician for the "materials science” specialty. Therefore, the issue of a new collection of scientific papers under the title "Progress in Materials Science" is natural and vitally required. It is corresponding to global trends in the formation of scientific and technical priorities in developed countries and is as the task for Ukraine too.
Applying simulation results of high-boron compounds of structure at the atomic level to estimate their chemical hardness
Authors:   Frantsevich Institute for Problems of Materials Science of NAS of Ukraine, Kartuzov V.V. , Rozhenko N.M. ,   Frantsevich Institute for Problems of Materials Science of NAS of Ukraine, , Efimova K.O. ,   Frantsevich Institute for Problems of Materials Science of NAS of Ukraine, Danilyuk V.M. ,   Frantsevich Institute for Problems of Materials Science of NAS of Ukraine
Published: April 2021

Determining the macrocharacteristics of materials based on the results of ab initio calculations is one of the most relevant and promising areas of research. One of the most important performance characteristics of the material is its hardness. The presented approach to determining the chemical Vickers hardness of substances based on using ab initio calculated values of atomization energy and molar volume atomic clusters, which are elements of the structure of the studied compounds. Clusters of boron, aluminum and magnesium borides of different atomic structure, which are obtained using simulation modeling of their evolution, are considered. The results of quantum chemical calculations of the values of atomization energy and molar volume of the considered fragments, obtained using the Gaussian'03 software package in the framework of the theory of electron density functional in the B3LYP / STO-3G approximation, are presented. The hardness of materials, structural elements of which are tested atomic clusters, obtained by the developed approach are presented. The calculated hardness is compared with its values determined by both experimental and other theoretical methods. The comparison showed a high correlation of the obtained results with the experimental data already at the cluster size equal to 12—25 atoms. Analysis of the results of applying the proposed approach to various modifications of boron and some boron-containing compounds showed that quantum-chemical calculations of atomic energy and molar volume values within the cluster model provide the ability to establish reliable estimates of the hardness of existing compounds of this class. The developed approach, together with simulation modeling of the evolution of hypothetical phases, can also be applied to predict their hardness. Keywords: boron, borides, cluster model, Vickers hardness.
Nanosized quasi-binary eutectic systems and their characteristicparameters
Authors:   Frantsevich Institute for Problems of Materials Science of NAS of Ukraine, Zakarian D. , Khachatryan A. ,   Frantsevich Institute for Problems of Materials Science of NAS of Ukraine
Published: April 2021

A method for accounting for the influence of the outer surface on the internal state of the electron ― ion system for nanoparticles is proposed. The estimated interaction energy of the representative elements of the components (LaB6, MeB2) is part of the composite depending on the size of the nanoplate. The characteristic parameters of the eutectic of quasi-binary boride-boride systems are calculated and analytically presented. During the transition of bulk materials to nanomaterials, the melting temperature of the eutectic decreases, and the concentration ratio of the components changes. With the help of first-principle methods the scheme of calculation of energy of interaction of representative elements of components from the first principles is developed. The dependence of the interaction energy of the representative elements on the sizes of the materials is analytically obtained. It is proved that the reduction of the size of the eutectic composite leads to a significant decrease in the melting temperature at the eutectic point, as well as to a change in the concentration ratio of the components. The obtained analytical formulas allow to estimate the change of concentration and melting temperature at the eutectic point depending on the thickness of the nanocomposite. Keywords: electron-ion system energy, pseudopotential method, nanosystem, nanoplate surface energy, concentration and melting point at the eutectic point.
Cambios en el perfil proteico de E. coli O157:H7 frente al tratamiento con Ib-M1 e IONP@Ib-M1
Authors: Ramirez Forero Gloria Smith , Valdivieso Quintero Wilfredo , Ropero Vega Jose Luis , Zafra German , Flórez Castillo Johanna Marcela
Published: April 2021

Escherichia coli O157:H7 es una bacteria patógena responsable de enfermedades transmitidas por alimentos y reconocida por su capacidad de resistencia a diversos antibióticos; razón por la cual, se generan complicaciones en el tratamiento de infecciones producidas por esta bacteria.  El péptido Ib-M1 libre e inmovilizado en nanopartículas magnéticas de óxido de hierro (IONP@Ib-M1) ha surgido como una nueva alternativa antimicrobiana contra E. coli O157:H7 y aislados clínicos de esta bacteria. El mecanismo de acción de Ib-M1 e IONP@Ib-M1 contra E. coli O157:H7 aún es desconocido; por lo tanto, el objetivo de esta investigación fue la identificación del cambio en el perfil de proteínas de E. coli O157:H7 luego del tratamiento con Ib-M1 e IONP@Ib-M1 como primer paso para determinar su mecanismo de acción. Para esto, se llevó a cabo la obtención de proteínas, posteriormente se llevó a cabo una electroforesis bidimensional para finalmente realizar la determinación de la variabilidad de los perfiles proteicos. Una vez obtenidos los perfiles proteicos se llevó a cabo un análisis de varianza (ANOVA). Los resultados muestran la identificación de proteínas expresadas diferencialmente y las cuales se encuentra involucradas en procesos de quimiotaxis, síntesis y mantenimiento de proteínas, procesos redox, crecimiento celular, transporte de aminoácidos e inhibición de traducción.
Retratos da “Geração Digital”: um estudo exploratório sobre o consumo midiático e a sociabilidade em Rede na Infância
Authors: Othon Renata Alves de Albuquerque , Coelho Maria das Graças Pinto
Published: April 2021

O ideal de “Geração Digital” tem sido amplamente utilizado na mídia e em algumas pesquisas para enaltecer a relação entre os jovens e as tecnologias. Questiona-se, no entanto, até que ponto essa concepção abrange os usos reais das TICs, tendo em mente que o consumo é mediado por uma série de contextos. Em vista disso, este artigo tem como objetivo investigar o consumo midiático por crianças para identificar as práticas e sentidos produzidos por elas, adotando-se como referência o acesso à internet pelo smartphone. Aplica-se um estudo exploratório de caráter qualitativo, construído em torno de uma observação não participante e de entrevistas semiestruturadas com cinco jovens entre 12 e 14 anos. Dentre os relatos, identifica-se a interlocução cada vez mais integrada entre ambiências digitais e físicas, públicas e privadas, mediadas pelo telefone celular e pelos conteúdos on-line. Nessa lógica, as tecnologias demarcam culturas de pares e relações de pertencimento a determinados grupos, além de uma subjetividade produzida a partir do olhar do outro. Desse modo, verifica-se que o entretenimento e a sociabilidade protagonizam os usos sociais dessas mídias e contrariam a generalização presente no imperativo “Geração Digital”.
Brandcast x Socialcast: quem vence o cabo de guerra pela visibilidade digital?
Authors: Frazon Terra Carolina
Published: April 2021

O artigo se inicia caracterizando, brevemente, o que é influência e como o conceito se faz importante na atualidade. Por meio de pesquisa bibliográfica, como metodologia principal, o trabalho segue distinguindo o broadcast de socialcast e brandcast. A seguir, trabalha a questão da visibilidade digital por meio de autores como Thompson (2008, 2014), Scheid (2018), Barichello (2017), Dreyer (2017), entre outros. Por fim, sugerimos um possível caminho para as marcas que almejam se tornar visíveis e influentes no âmbito digital.
Por uma nova “pedagogia” do Jornalismo: repensando o Projeto Político-Pedagógico da Universidade Estadual Paulista
Authors: Grossi Angela Maria , Lopes Gabriel Henrique de Oliveira
Published: April 2021

Desde a fundação do primeiro curso, o ensino de Jornalismo passou por várias reformas, as quais influenciaram as concepções da profissão no Brasil. Frente aos desafios contemporâneos, estudiosos do jornalismo foram incumbidos de produzir, a pedido do Ministério da Educação, as Diretrizes Curriculares Nacionais (DCN) para o curso de Jornalismo, homologadas em 2013. O presente trabalho procura contribuir para caracterização do processo de mudança do projeto pedagógico de curso e para a democratização do debate sobre as DCN, na Universidade Estadual Paulista (Unesp). Para tanto, o artigo utiliza a historicidade como categoria da análise para determinar as mudanças pelas quais o ensino de jornalismo passou. Além disso, o estudo, para enriquecer o quadro de determinações sobre o objeto, formulou questionário para que a classe estudantil pudesse avaliar a estrutura universitária de modo a contribuir com a implantação das diretrizes. Em adição, entrevistas semiestruturadas foram realizadas com os gestores da universidade que participaram da reestruturação do curso.
A produção audiovisual com os atingidos pela construção da Barragem de Itá: um relato de experiência
Authors: Giongo Carmem Regina , Mendes Jussara Maria Rosa
Published: April 2021

Tomando-se como foco a hidrelétrica de Itá localizada no sul do Brasil, o objetivo deste espaço é apresentar o processo de produção de um documentário no decorrer de uma pesquisa participante e suas possibilidades de mobilização social. O estudo de cunho participativo teve início em março de 2014 e foi finalizado em dezembro de 2017, contando com a inserção prolongada da pesquisadora no território da pesquisa. Foram entrevistadas 129 pessoas atingidas pela construção da barragem de Itá e realizadas análises documentais. No decorrer da pesquisa, foi construído, juntamente com os participantes dela, o documentário “Atingidos Somos Nós”. O material, além de atribuir visibilidade política e social às vivências da população atingida pela construção da Hidrelétrica de Itá, apresentou-se como importante estratégia de resgate da história dos sujeitos da pesquisa, possibilitando aos próprios atingidos relatarem suas memórias através do audiovisual.
Genetic and epigenetic factors regulating the expression and function of the vitamin D receptor in patients with coronary artery disease
Authors: Ionova Zh. I. , Sergeeva E. G. , Berkovich O. A.
Published: April 2021

Coronary artery disease (CAD) remains the leading cause of death and disability in developed countries. Using traditional risk factors for CAD, it is possible to predict the likelihood of acute coronary events in no more than 50% of cases. Therefore, the study of influence of genetic and epigenetic factors on the development of CAD is extremely important. Research in recent years has shown that vitamin D deficiency is a new risk factor for atherosclerosis and immune inflammation. Vitamin D implements protective effects against immune inflammation through receptors in the vascular wall. A single nucleotide polymorphism of the vitamin D receptor (VDR) gene is a potential risk factor for CAD associated with low vitamin D levels. VDR expression correlates with the expression of pro-inflammatory cytokines and is regulated by microRNAs — microRNA-125a-5p, microRNA-125b-5p, microRNA-214-3p and microRNA-21 These microRNAs regulate the action, synthesis and metabolism of vitamin D and can themselves be influenced by VDR signals through dynamic feedback, which can lead to destabilization of mRNA and inhibition of translation. This literature review highlights the effect of a single nucleotide polymorphism of the VDR gene and microRNA on the pathogenetic mechanisms of CAD.
Orthostatic hypertension in cardiovascular risk stratification in hypertensive patients
Authors: Gubareva E. Yu. , Fatenkov O. V. , Gubareva I. V. , Klimenko D. A. , Shvan L. Yu. , Limareva L. V.
Published: April 2021

Hypertension (HTN) is an important modifiable risk factor for cardiovascular disease associated with poor outcomes and high health care costs. The assessment of cardiovascular risk (CVR) according to the current ESC/ESH guidelines for the treatment of hypertensive patients presents a number of difficulties and initiates the search for new diagnostic methods that contribute to understanding the patient's phenotype, personalizing diagnostic and treatment tactics, and improving the outcomes of hypertensive patients. Regulatory mechanisms involved in the body's orthostatic response, such as activation of the sympathetic nervous system, catecholamine production, endothelial function, significantly contributes to maintaining blood pressure levels. Their violation plays an active role in hypertension development, which allows considering orthostatic HTN in a hypertensive patient as a marker of CVR stratification. The article discusses the diagnostic criteria for orthostatic HTN, its pathophysiological mechanisms and possible use as a marker of CVR stratification.
Arho – The Afar Salt Trade of Northeastern Ethiopia
Authors: Trojer Till Jakob Frederik
Published: April 2021

“Arho – The Afar Salt Trade of North-eastern Ethiopia” follows the journey of a camel caravan to the salt plains of the Afar Depression. Traditionally the caravans moved from Afar Depression to other parts of Ethiopia and to the Red Sea coastal regions of modern-day Eritrea and Djibouti. For centuries the control, trade and distribution of salt was of primary importance in the articulation of economic, social, and political life of the nomadic communities living along the caravan trails. Since 2010, trucks have slowly replaced the camel caravans. This has led to a steady decline in the trade. The film, relying on strong visual imagery and traditional Afar music, selected by the participant of this project, documents how the decline of this trade affects the daily life of the communities in Berahle district of North-eastern Ethiopia. The documentary is part of PhD project at the Department of Anthropology and Sociology at the School of Oriental and African Studies (SOAS), University London. It is based on 13 months ethnographic research (2017-2018) that combines anthropological theory with ethnographic filmmaking to explore new and creative ways of collaborative research.
Períodos Secos no Estado do Paraná
Authors: Salton Flávia Galvanini , Morais Heverly , Lohmann Marciel
Published: April 2021

Resumo A caracterização climatológica espacial, temporal e quantitativa de períodos secos pode minimizar os prejuízos na agricultura, pois o mapeamento da seca é uma importante ferramenta para avaliar impactos e propor alternativas de adaptação e mitigação de seus efeitos. O propósito deste trabalho é mapear e analisar alguns aspectos dos períodos secos ocorridos no estado do Paraná, Brasil. Observa-se que os episódios de períodos secos diminuem à medida que aumenta sua duração. No Paraná o número de períodos secos diminui conforme aumenta a latitude do estado. O maior número de períodos secos ocorre nos meses mais frios no Paraná (maio a agosto). As secas severas e moderadas ocorrem mais frequentemente na condição de La Niña, enquanto que as mais fracas são registradas em El Niño. Não há tendência de aumento ou redução de períodos secos nas diferentes regiões do Paraná.