bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
On the Effectiveness of SPIF Process to Re-Form End-of-Life Components as Compared to Conventional Forming Approach
Authors: Zaheer Omer , Ingarao Giuseppe , Di Lorenzo Rosa , Fratini Livan
Published: April 2021

Manufacturing processes have a significant impact on global energy consumptions. The recovery of materials and functions for the implementation of the Circular Economy principle needs to be focused on either, by utilizing new techniques or the rethinking of old processes to rework End-of-life (EoL) components. Previous researches have shown Single Point Incremental Forming (SPIF) process as a good alternate for sheet metal EoL components reuse by their reshaping. In this article, the authors aim to study the effectiveness of the SIPF processes by comparing its reshaping performance with other, more conventional forming processes. An initial deep drawing process was performed to imitate aluminum sheet metal EoL component, subsequently, different stretching-based reshaping approaches have been tested. Results revealed that SPIF outperformed conventional forming processes, as proved to be the only approach leading to new/reshaped component
Incremental Roller-Flanging of Thick Metal Sheets
Authors: Ghiotti Andrea , del Tito Benvenuto Mattia , Simonetto Enrico , Bruschi Stefania , Filippi Stefano
Published: April 2021

Metal forming industry is frequently characterized by the demand of small-batch productions to manufacture highly customized products. Apart from the accuracy that is mandatory in high-tech applications, one of the main requirements remains the economic competitiveness that becomes critical in the case of the deformation of thick metal sheets due to the relevant forming loads and the large size of the machines that are required to perform such processes. These problems are partially solved by using incremental forming approaches, in which the deformation is gradually performed by the use of one (single point) or two (double-sided) tools that are usually made to slide on the metal sheet surface while they impose the desired deformation. The paper aims at introducing an innovative concept of incremental forming machine to perform double-sided incremental bends, specifically developed for thick metal sheets. The increased flexibility and the possibility to manufacture sound parts with reduced bending forces are shown and discussed.
Geometry Compensation Methods for Increasing the Accuracy of the SPIF Process
Authors: Carette Yannick , Vanhulst Marthe , Duflou Joost R.
Published: April 2021

Despite years of supporting research, commercial use of the Single Point Incremental Forming process remains very limited. The promised flexibility and lack of specific tooling is contradicted by its highly complex deformation mechanics, resulting in a process that is easy to implement but where workpiece accuracy is very difficult to control. This paper looks at geometry compensation as a viable control strategy to increase the accuracy of produced workpieces. The input geometry of the process can be compensated using knowledge about the deformations occurring during production. The deviations between the nominal CAD geometry and the actual produced geometry can be calculated in a variety of different ways, thus directly influencing the compensation. Two different alignment methods and three deviation calculation methods are explained in detail. Six combined deviation calculation methods are used to generate compensated inputs, which are experimentally produced and compared to the uncompensated part. All different methods are able to noticeably improve the accuracy, with the production alignment and closest point deviation calculation achieving the best results
Friction Characterisation for a Tumbling Self-Piercing Riveting Process
Authors: Wituschek Simon , Lechner Michael
Published: April 2021

Due to increasing demands regarding ecological and economic specifications in vehicle design, the effort required for production is continuously increasing. One trend is the increased use of multi-material systems, which are characterised by the use of different materials such as high-strength steels or aluminium alloys. In addition to the varying mechanical properties of the components, an increased number of variants accompanied by different geometries is leading to increasing challenges on body construction. For the assembly and connection of the individual components, conventional joining methods reach their limitations. Therefore, new joining methods are necessary, which feature properties of versatility and can adapt to process and disturbance variables. One way of achieving tailored joints is to use a tumbling self-piercing riveting process. For the design of the process route, numerical investigations are necessary for which a characterisation of the friction properties is necessary. This paper therefore investigates the contact and friction conditions that occur in a tumbling self-piercing riveting process. The individual contacts between the process components are identified and based on this, suitable processes for the characterisation of the friction factors - and coefficients are selected and performed.
Fracture Characterisation by Butterfly-Tests and Damage Modelling of Advanced High Strength Steels
Authors: Behrens Bernd-Arno , Brunotte Kai , Wester Hendrik , Dykiert Matthäus
Published: April 2021

Advanced High Strength Steels (AHSS) are widely used in today's automotive structures for lightweight design purposes. FE simulation is commonly used for the design of forming processes in automotive industry. Therefore, besides the description of the plastic flow behaviour, also the definition of forming limits in order to efficiently exploit the forming potential of a material is required. AHSS are prone for crack appearances without prior indication by thinning, like exemplary shear fracture on tight radii and edge-fracture, which can not be predicted by conventional Forming Limit Curve (FLC). Stress based damage models are able to do this. However, the parameterisation of such models has not yet been standardised. In this study a butterfly specimen geometry, which was developed at the Institute for Forming Technology and Machines (IFUM), was used for a stress state dependent fracture characterisation. The fracture behaviour of two AHSS, CP800 and DP1000, at varied stress states between pure shear and uniaxial loading was characterised by an experimental-numerical approach. For variation of the stress state, the specimen orientation relative to the force direction of the uniaxial testing machine was orientated at different angles. In this way, the relevant displacement until fracture initiation was determined experimentally. Subsequently, the experimental tests have been numerically reproduced giving information about the strain and stress evolution in the crack impact area of the specimen for the experimentally identified fracture initiation. With the help of this testing procedure, two different stress-based damage models, Modified Mohr-Coulomb (MMC) and CrachFEM, were parameterised and compared.
Modeling of Stiffness Anisotropy in Simulation of Self-Piercing Riveted Components
Authors: Otroshi Mortaza , Meschut Gerson , Bielak Christian Roman , Masendorf Lukas , Esderts Alfons
Published: April 2021

The so-called substitute models based on shell elements can be used to design the self-piercing riveted components economically and with sufficient accuracy. In this study, the SPR3 (Self-Piercing Rivet) model with anisotropic stiffness parameters implemented in commercial simulation software LS-DYNA is used to describe the stiffness of self-piercing riveted joints subjected to different loading conditions. The model provides the basis for the subsequent fatigue life estimation of self-piercing riveted joints under cyclic loading. By accurate prediction of the stiffness of self-piercing riveted joints subjected to cyclic loading, the accuracy of the fatigue life estimation can be improved. To identify the stiffness parameters, the self-piercing riveted joints are subjected to loading conditions: axial tension, shear tension, and bending. To validate the model, the specimens are simulated under different loading conditions and the results are compared to the experiments. It is shown that the model with anisotropic stiffness parameters predicts the stiffness of specimens more accurately compared to the model with isotropic stiffness parameter.
Effect of Different Tool Geometries on the Mechanical Properties of Al-Al Clinch Joints
Authors: Ewenz Lars , Kalich Jan , Zimmermann Martina , Füssel Uwe
Published: April 2021

The use of clinch joints, e.g. vehicle structures, is determined by the reliability of the joint and its strength properties - in particular the fatigue strength. Clinch connections offer the advantage over form-closure and force-closure processes that they can also be used for hybrid material combinations. In order to be able to evaluate the influence of the geometry parameters such as e.g. undercut, neck thickness or also base thickness on the fatigue behavior, three clinch connections (in optimum and compromise design) with different tool parameters were designed and examined using the example of a joining task with aluminum sheet material. For this purpose, fatigue curves (F-N curves) in the range of high to very high numbers of load cycles (N = 105 to 107) were determined. In this load cycle range, a so-called "neck fracture" is mainly to be expected as the type of failure, whereas for quasi-static tests, a “buckling” is more likely to occur. The tests were carried out on single-cut overlapping shear tensile specimens. Metallographic and scanning electron microscopic examinations of the joints and the fracture surfaces served to identify the crack initiation site and to clarify the respective type of failure. Significant differences in the damage behaviour of the three clinching variants could be shown. This observation enables one step into the direction of fully understanding the relationship along the causal chain "joint requirements - joining process - fatigue strength". Thus the adaptability of the clinching process can be improved.
A First Approach for the Treatment of Galvanic Corrosion and of Load-Bearing Capacity of Clinched Joints
Authors: Harzheim Sven , Steinfelder Christian , Wallmersperger Thomas , Brosius Alexander
Published: April 2021

Corrosion is a major cause for the failure of metallic components in various branches of the industry. Depending on the corrosion severity, the time until failure of the component varies. On the contrary, a study has shown that certain riveted metal joints, exposed to a short period of mechanical loading and corrosion, have greater fatigue limits. This study gives rise to the question how different corrosion exposure times affect joint metallic components. In the present research, a theoretical approach is developed in order to evaluate the influence of galvanic corrosion on joint integrity of clinched metal joints. At first, the framework for modeling galvanic corrosion is introduced. Furthermore, a simulative investigation of a clinching point is carried out based on the assumption that corrosion leads to a reduction of the contact area which leads to a local increase in contact pressure. For this purpose, the stiffness values of individual elements in a finite element model are reduced locally in the contact area of the undercut and the contact stress along a path is evaluated. Summarizing, a modeling approach is introduced to investigate corrosion effects on load-bearing behavior of clinched joints.
Carboplatin and epigallocatechin-3-gallate synergistically induce cytotoxic effects in esophageal cancer cells
Authors: Taghvaei Fatemeh , Rastin Sepideh Jafarzadeh , Milani Attabak Toofani , Khameneh Zakieh Rostamzadeh , Hamini Forough , Rasouli Mohammad Aziz , Asghari Keivan , Rekabi Shishavan Amir Mohammad , Ebrahimifar Meysam , Rashidi Siamak
Published: April 2021

Background and purpose:

We aimed at evaluating the effects of combinatorial treatments with carboplatin and epigallocatechin-3-gallate (EGCG) on the KYSE-30 esophageal cancer (EC) cell line and elucidate the underlying mechanisms.

Experimental approach:

EC cells were harvested and exposed to increasing concentrations of carboplatin and EGCG to construct a dose-response plot. Cell inhibitory effects were assessed by the MTT method and apoptosis-related gene expression levels (caspases 8 and 9) and Bcl-2 mRNA were detected using real-time polymerase chain reaction. The lactate levels in the various treated cases were analyzed using the colorimetric assay kit. In addition, total antioxidant capacity was measured.

Findings/Results:

The results indicated that, following treatments with carboplatin in IC20, IC25, and IC10 concentrations when combined with EGCG in similar concentrations, synergistically decreased cell viability versus single treatments of both agents. Also, in combined treatments at IC20 and IC25 of both agents the gene expression ratio of caspases 8 and 9 upregulated significantly compared to monotherapies (P < 0.05). Bcl-2 gene expression ratios were decreased in double agents treated cells versus monotherapies. Following treatment of KYSE-30 cells with carboplatin and EGCG in double combinations, lactate levels were significantly decreased compared with the untreated cells and single treatments (P < 0.05). Also, in IC25, IC20, and IC10 concentrations of both agents the total antioxidant capacity levels were decreased versus monotherapies and untreated cells.

Conclusion and implications:

The presented study determined that treatment with carboplatin and EGCG was capable of promoting cytotoxicity in EC cells and inhibits the cancer progress. Combined treatments with low concentrations of carboplatin and EGCG may promote apoptosis induction and inhibit cell growth. These results confirmed the anticancer effects of carboplatin and EGCG and providing a base for additional use of EGCG to the EC treatment.
Effect of biotin supplementation on neuropathic pain induced by chronic constriction of the sciatic nerve in the rat
Authors: Abed Ali-Reza , Abed Alireza , Banafshe Hamid Reza , Malekabad Ebadallah Shiri , Gorgani-firuzjaee Sattar , Dadashi Ali-Reza
Published: April 2021

Background and purpose:

Neuropathic pain is one of the most common types of chronic pain that is very difficult to treat. Numerous studies have shown the potential role of vitamins in relieving both hyperalgesia and allodynia. Based on the convincing evidence, this study was designed to evaluate the possible antinociceptive effect of biotin on neuropathic pain in rats.

Experimental approach:

This study was performed on male Sprague Dawley rats weighing 200-300 g. Neuropathic pain was induced by tying the sciatic nerve. Chronic constriction injury (CCI) of the sciatic nerve resulted in hyperalgesia and allodynia. To measure the thermal hyperalgesia, the plantar test was used. Also to evaluate the cold and mechanical allodynia, acetone test and von Frey test were applied. Biotin (4, 8, and 16 mg/kg) was administered orally as two different treatment regimens, acute and chronic.

Findings/Results:

Acute oral administration of biotin (4, 8, and 16 mg/kg p.o.) on the 7th, 14th, and 21st postoperative days couldn’t reduce pain sensitivity compared to the CCI group. However, following the oral administration of biotin (8 and 16 mg/kg p.o.) from the first day after the surgery until day 21, mechanical allodynia (P < 0.001) and heat hyperalgesia (P < 0.05) significantly relieved.

Conclusion and implications:

Our results suggest that biotin can be considered as a potential therapeutic for the treatment of neuropathic pain, and supplementation with this vitamin could reduce the required doses of analgesic drugs. However, further studies are needed to confirm this hypothesis.
Effect of vorinostat on INK4 family and HDACs 1, 2, and 3 in pancreatic cancer and hepatocellular carcinoma
Authors: Sanaei Masumeh , Kavoosi Fraidoon
Published: April 2021

Background and purpose:

In mammalian cells, several distinct surveillance systems, named cell cycle checkpoints, can interrupt normal cell-cycle progression. The cyclin-dependent kinases are negatively regulated by proteins of cyclin-dependent kinases inhibitors comprising INK4 and Cip/Kip families. Histone deacetylation induced by histone deacetylases (HDACs) inactivates the INK4 and Cip/Kip families lead to cancer induction. HDAC inhibitors (HDACIs) have been indicated to be potent inducers of differentiation, growth arrest, and apoptotic induction. Vorinostat (suberoylanilide hydroxamic acid, SAHA), as an HDACI, is reported to be useful in various cancers. Previously, we reported the effect of trichostatin A on hepatocellular carcinoma and also vorinostat on colon cancer cell lines. The current study was aimed to investigate the effect of vorinostat on p16INK4a, p14ARF, p15INK4b, and class I HDACs 1, 2, and 3 gene expression, cell growth inhibition, and apoptosis induction in pancreatic cancer AsPC-1 and hepatocellular carcinoma LCL-PI 11 cell lines.

Experimental approach:

The AsPC-1 and LCL-PI 11 cell lines were cultured and treated with vorinostat. To determine, viability, apoptosis, and the relative expression level of p16INK4a, p14ARF, p15INK4b, class I HDACs 1, 2, and 3 genes, MTT assay, cell apoptosis assay, and RT-qPCR were performed, respectively.

Findings/Results:

Vorinostat significantly inhibited cell growth, induced apoptosis, increased p16INK4a, p14ARF, p15INK4b, and decreased class I HDACs 1, 2, and 3 gene expression.

Conclusion and implications:

Vorinostat can reactivate the INK4 family through inhibition of class I HDACs 1, 2, and 3 genes activity.
Mechanical effects of ranolazine on normal and diabetic-isolated rat heart
Authors: Khazraei Hajar , Akmali Masoumeh , Mirkhani Hossein
Published: April 2021

Background and purpose:

Diabetic cardiomyopathy is a complication of diabetes defined as cardiac dysfunction without the involvement of pericardial vessels, hypertension, or cardiac valve disorders. Ranolazine, an antianginal drug, acts through blocking of cardiac late sodium channels and/or inhibiting beta-oxidation of fatty acids. With regard to its mechanism of action, the present work has been carried out to investigate the potential useful effects of ranolazine on the systolic and diastolic dysfunctions in an experimental rat model of diabetic cardiomyopathy. Lidocaine, as a sodium channel blocker, was used to have a clearer image of the involved mechanisms.

Experimental approach:

Diabetes was induced by streptozocin. After 8 weeks, the effects of cumulative concentrations of ranolazine and lidocaine were evaluated on diabetic and normal hearts by the Langendorff method. Finally, the hearts were isolated from the Langendorff system and adenosine three phosphates (ATP) and adenosine diphosphate (ADP) concentrations were measured to assay the metabolic effect of ranolazine.

Findings/Results:

Ranolazine significantly decreased the velocity of systolic contraction (+dP/dt) and the velocity of diastolic relaxation (-dP/dt) and developed pressure in normal and diabetic rat hearts. However, this negative effect was greater in normal hearts compared to diabetics. Ranolazine (100 μM) decreased the ATP level only in normal hearts and the ATP/ADP ratio decreased significantly (P < 0.05) in both groups. This reduction was more prominent in normal hearts.

Conclusion and implications:

It is concluded that in the isolated rat heart preparation, ranolazine has no benefit on diabetic cardiomyopathy and may even worsen it. It seems that these effects are related to the metabolic effects of ranolazine.
Comparison of the effects of olsalazine and decitabine on the expression of CDH1 and uPA genes and cytotoxicity in MDA-MB-231 breast cancer cells
Authors: Asl Misagh Mohammadi , Asl Javad Mohammadi , Naghitorabi Mojgan
Published: April 2021

Background and purpose:

Since DNA methyltransferase enzymes play a key role in DNA methylation, they can be used as a target to alter epigenetic changes and treat cancer. Recent studies have shown that olsalazine, through its potent inhibitory effect on the DNA methyltransferase enzyme, can be a good option. The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of olsalazine on cell viability and expression of CDH1 and uPA genes in MDA-MB-231 cells compared with decitabine.

Experimental approach:

The cytotoxicity of the drugs was determined using a standard MTT assay. MDA-MB-231 cells were treated with olsalazine and decitabine with concentrations less than IC50 to evaluate the effect of drugs on the expression of genes. RNA was extracted from the cells after 24 and 48 h and CDH1and uPA gene expression were evaluated by quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction method.

Findings/Results:

The cytotoxicity of the two drugs was comparable. The IC50 values at 24 h were 4000 and 4500 μM for olsalazine and decitabine, respectively. The IC50 values of both drugs were about 300 μM at 48 h. Statistical analyzes showed a significant increase in CDH1 expression after 24-48 h treatment with olsalazine, and 48 h treatment with decitabine, without any significant increase in uPA expression.

Conclusion and implications:

Our results showed that olsalazine has cellular toxicity comparable to decitabine in MDA-MB-231 cells. Also compared to decitabine, olsalazine causes a greater increase in expression of CDH1 without any significant increase in uPA expression. Therefore, it appears to be a good candidate for cancer treatment.
The protective effects of rosmarinic acid on ethanol-induced gastritis in male rats
Authors: Heidari Fatemeh , Komeili-Movahhed Tahereh , Hamidizad Zeinab , Moslehi Azam
Published: April 2021

Background and purpose:

Gastritis is one of the most current gastrointestinal disorders worldwide. Alcohol consumption is one of the major factors, which provides gastritis. Rosmarinic acid (RA) is found in many plants and has powerful antioxidant and anti-inflammatory effects. In this study, the protective effect of RA was evaluated on the histopathological indices, antioxidant ability, and prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) secretion in male rats.

Experimental approach:

Forty-two animals were divided into control, ethanol-induced gastritis, and RA groups, 6 each. The protective groups included RA administration before gastritis induction at 50 mg (R-G50), 100 mg (R-G100), 150 mg (R-G150), and 200 mg (R-G200) doses. Gastritis was induced by gavage of 1 mL pure ethanol in fasted animals. After 1 h of gastritis induction, the rats were sacrificed and stomach tissue was removed.

Findings/Results:

Histological evaluation revealed that RA significantly attenuated gastric ulcers, leucocyte infiltration, and hyperemia. It also increased mucosal layer thickness and restored gastric glands. Furthermore, RA decreased malondialdehyde level, increased superoxide dismutase, catalase, and glutathione in the stomach tissue, and raised gastric PGE2 level.

Conclusion and implications:

Our study demonstrated that rosmarinic acid has a notable effect on gastritis protection that could be due to increased antioxidant defense and PGE2 secretion, eventually maintenance of mucosal barrier integrity and gastric glands.
Toxic keratopathy related to antiseptics in nonocular surgery
Authors: Tsui Mei-Chi , Liu Jen-Yu , Chu Hsiao-Sang , Chen Wei-Li
Published: April 2021

Antiseptics, especially those containing ethanol, are toxic to the ocular surface. Here, we report a 5-year-old girl with antiseptic-related eye injury following an uneventful bilateral tonsillectomy under general anesthesia. Before surgery, her eyes were protected and disinfection of perioral skin with ethanol-containing chlorhexidine followed. Whitening of the lower half of her right ocular surface was found after the surgery, and this indicated severe chemical burn. Prompt irrigation with normal saline, instillation of topical medication, and application of amniotic membrane containing device were performed, which led to a satisfactory result. Toxic eye injury could happen in head and neck surgeries under general anesthesia. Causes of ocular injury include improper eye protection, head positions leading to accumulation of excessive antiseptics, and improper usage of ethanol-containing antiseptics for skin preparation. The use of ethanol-free antiseptic solutions in the peri-ocular region and proper protection of eyes may reduce the risk of severe ocular surface injury in nonocular surgeries.
Induction Chemotherapy as a Prognostication Index and Guidance for Treatment of Locally Advanced Head and Neck Squamous Cell Carcinoma: The Concept of Chemo-Selection (KCSG HN13-01)
Authors: Lee Yun-Gyoo , Kang Eun Joo , Keam Bhumsuk , Choi Jin-Hyuk , Kim Jin-Soo , Park Keon Uk , Lee Kyoung Eun , Kim Hyo Jung , Lee Keun-Wook , Kim Min Kyoung , Ahn Hee Kyung , Shin Seong Hoon , Kim Hye Ryun , Kim Sung-Bae , Yun Hwan Jung
Published: April 2021

Purpose Certain patient subgroups who do not respond to induction chemotherapy (IC) show inherent chemoresistance in locally advanced head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (LA-HNSCC). This study aimed to assess the prognostic value of IC, and role of IC in guiding the selection of a definitive locoregional therapy.Materials and Methods Out of the 445 patients in multi-institutional LA-HNSCC cohort, 158 (36%) receiving IC were enrolled. The study outcome was to assess overall survival (OS) through IC responsiveness and its role to select subsequent treatments.Results Among 135 patients who completed subsequent treatment following IC, 74% responded to IC (complete response in 17% and partial response in 58%). IC-non-responders showed 4.5 times higher risk of mortality than IC-responders (hazard ratio, 4.52; 95% confidence interval, 2.32 to 8.81; p < 0.001). Among IC-responders, 84% subsequently received definitive concurrent chemoradiotherapy (CCRT) and OS was not differed by surgery or CCRT (p=0.960). Regarding IC-non-responders, 54% received CCRT and 46% underwent surgery, and OS was poor in CCRT (24-month survival rate of 38%) or surgery (24-month survival rate of 63%).Conclusion Response to IC is a favorable prognostic factor. For IC-responders, either surgery or CCRT achieved similar survival probabilities. For IC-non-responder, multidisciplinary approach was warranted reflecting patients’ preference, morbidity, and prognosis.
Harmonic quasi-isometric maps II: negatively curved manifolds
Authors: Benoist Yves , Hulin Dominique
Published: April 2021

We prove that a quasi-isometric map, and more generally a coarse embedding, between pinched Hadamard manifolds is within bounded distance of a unique harmonic map.
Explorador Social: la dada feta realitat
Authors: Esteve Albert , Zueras Pilar
Published: April 2021

Les administracions públiques produeixen i publiquen regularment volums quantiosos d'informació en forma de dades empíriques desagregades a diferents escales territorials. No obstant això, l'accés a aquesta informació està limitat per la dispersió de les dades en diferents repositoris, la diversitat de formats i la disparitat de modalitats d'accés. Des del Centre d'Estudis Demogràfics (CED) hem impulsat un projecte per recopilar, harmonitzar i difondre dades geo-referenciades presents i històriques sobre diferents temàtiques (ex. demografia, economia, política, medi ambient, societat). En aquest número de Perspectives Demogràfiques presentem l'Explorador Social: una infraestructura de dades per a les ciències socials creada per promoure i facilitar l'accés a la informació i, en última instància, explorar la realitat i el canvi social de la població espanyola mitjançant la cartografia i la quantificació estadística. La plataforma es dirigeix principalment a la comunitat educativa i científica, a l'administració pública, al sector privat, als mitjans de comunicació i al públic en general.
Explorador Social: el dato hecho realidad
Authors: Esteve Albert , Zueras Pilar
Published: April 2021

Las administraciones públicas producen y publican regularmente volúmenes cuantiosos de información en forma de datos empíricos desagregados a distintas escalas territoriales. Sin embargo, el acceso a esta in- formación está limitado por la dispersión de los datos en distintos repositorios, la diversidad de formatos y la disparidad de modalidades de acceso. Desde el Centro de Estudios Demográficos (CED) hemos impulsado un proyecto para recopilar, armonizar y difundir datos geo-referenciados presentes e históricos sobre distintas temáticas (ej. demografía, economía, política, medio ambiente, sociedad). En este número de Perspectives Demogràfiques presentamos el Explorador Social: una infraestructura de datos para las ciencias sociales crea- da para promover y facilitar el acceso a la información y, en última instancia, explorar la realidad y el cambio social de la población española mediante la cartografía y la cuantificación estadística. La plataforma se dirige
THE SHORT-RANGE ORDER AND ITS INFLUENCE ON RADIATION STABILITY OF LOW-CONCENTRATION Fe-Cr ALLOYS
Authors: Petrenko P.V. , Kulish N.P. , Mel’nikova N.A. , Grabovskii Yu.E. , Busko T.O.
Published: April 2021

The analysis of the structural phase state of Fe-Cr low concentration solid solutions and steel 1X13, associated with the formation of short-range order (SRO) of various types in them has been performed at the mesoscopic level. A comparison of the SRO and swelling of alloys under irradiation was carried out. It was shown that there is a fairly good qualitative correlation between them.
EFFECT OF SEVERE PLASTIC DEFORMATION ON RADIATION HARDENING OF T91 FERRITIC-MARTENSITIC STEEL
Authors: Voyevodin V.N. , Tolstolutskaya G.D. , Karpov S.A. , Velikodnyi A.N. , Tikhonovsky M.A. , Kalchenko A.S. , Tolmachova G.N. , Vasilenko R.L. , Kopanets I.E.
Published: April 2021

Effect of thermomechanical treatment on radiation hardening behavior in T91 ferritic-martensitic steel was evaluated. An applying of severe plastic deformation (SPD) by the “upsetting-extrusion” method and subsequent heat treatment led to a considerable grain refinement, crushing of martensite lamellas, reduction of MX carbides size and their more uniform distribution. Nanoindentation measurements of SPD-modified steel revealed a 1.4-fold increase in the hardness relative to the initial steel. Irradiation response of modified steel was examined after 1.4 MeV Ar+ ion irradiations in the dose range of 10…45 displacements per atom (dpa) at room temperature and 460 °C. Microstructure characterization was performed by means of transmission electron microscopy (TEM). It was found that dislocation loops and nano-sized argon bubbles dominated the damage microstructure after ion irradiation. The effects of SPD-induced transformations as well as nano-bubbles formation are discussed regarding to the hardening phenomenon observed in irradiated steel.
STUDY OF DYNAMIC DRAG OF DISLOCATIONS IN КСl CRYSTALS WITH IMPURITIES AND DIFFERENT DISLOCATION STRUCTURE
Authors: Petchenko О.M. , Petchenko G.О. , Boiko S.M.
Published: April 2021

The frequency spectra of the dislocation decrement of attenuation ∆ d(f) on KCl + Ba (10-2 wt.%) impurity single crystals with residual deformations ꜫ of 0.25; 0.45; 0.75% at T = 300 K were investigated by the pulse method in the frequency range 22.5… 232.5 MHz. In the framework of the Granato-Lucke theory, the coefficients of dynamic drag of dislocations B for crystals with different ꜫ are calculated. It is shown that neither the presence of impurities nor the change of the dislocation structure affects the level of dynamic drag of dislocations.
FORMATION OF PLASTIC PROPERTIES OF 12Cr18Ni10Ti STEEL HIGHLY IRRADIATED BY NEUTRONS
Authors: Maksimkin О.P. , Merezhko D.А. , Merezhko М.S. , Sarsenbayeva K.B.
Published: April 2021

New results of the experiments on the study of nature and patterns of the effect of anomalously high ductility of austenitic meta-stable irradiated steels are discussed, the possible causes of its formation and the relationship with the deformation “wave” are analyzed, and the recommendations for “wave” modeling are provided in the paper.
Penfigoide gestacional y erupción ampollar en el recién nacido
Authors: Marchese María Laura , Walker María , Olivera Alejandro , Anaya Javier , Busso Corina
Published: April 2021

El penfigoide gestacional es una dermatosis rara, que se presenta durante el embarazo. Se caracteriza por una respuesta autoinmune contra las proteínas de los hemidesmosomas, que genera un clivaje entre la epidermis y la dermis tanto de la piel como de las mucosas. Clínicamente, presenta prurito intenso, placas y pápulas eritematosas, que evolucionan a ampollas con distribución en el abdomen y los miembros. Como complicaciones, en el feto puede generar parto prematuro y bajo peso para la edad gestacional, con alto riesgo de mortalidad.
Calcinosis cutis distrófica en enfermedades autoinmunitarias del tejido conjuntivo
Authors: Goglia Agustina , Bendjuia Gabriela
Published: April 2021

La calcinosis cutis distrófica puede ser una manifestación de múltiples enfermedades autoinmunitarias del tejido conjuntivo y causar desde un trastorno estético hasta una severa morbilidad. El estudio de la fisiopatogenia, donde se destaca el papel de la inflamación crónica, permite un abordaje terapéutico diverso y combinado para lograr mejores resultados y alienta el uso precoz e intensivo de antiinflamatorios.
Melanoma amelanótico/hipomelanótico
Authors: Benedito Silvina , Mosquera Tomás , Marini Mario , Saponaro Alberto , Vigovich Félix
Published: April 2021

El melanoma amelanótico/hipomelanótico se caracteriza por presentar, clínica y dermatoscópicamente, escaso pigmento o ninguno. Puede ocurrir en cualquiera de las variantes clínicas de melanoma. Por ser infrecuente, su diagnóstico suele retrasarse, hecho que conlleva un peor pronóstico. Se presenta como un tumor con aspecto de mácula, placa o pápula-nódulo eritematosa, con escaso pigmento o sin él, y mayor prevalencia en personas de más de 50 años. En la histopatología no hay hallazgos distintivos que permitan diferenciar un hipo/amelanótico de cualquier otro melanoma, por lo que el término debe reservarse solo para describir una característica clínica y dermatoscópica de un caso determinado. Su carácter de hipo/amelanótico no modifica la conducta terapéutica, que debe ajustarse a las recomendaciones de cualquier melanoma, según el estadio. Se presentan los casos de tres pacientes con esta variedad.
PENGGUNAAN MEDIA STICKY NOTE DENGAN MODEL THINK PAIR SHARE BERTINGKAT DALAM MENINGKATKAN KEMAMPUAN MENJAWAB PERTANYAAN DAN PENGUASAAN KONSEP INTERAKSI MAKHLUK HIDUP PADA SISWA SMP
Authors: Handayati Sri
Published: April 2021

Latar belakang penelitian ini adalah rendahnya aktivitas siswa khususnya dalam menjawab pertanyaan dan penguasaan konsep Interaksi Makhluk Hidup dengan Lingkungan yang disebabkan oleh oleh pembelajaran berpusat pada guru, penggunaan media kurang optimal hanya terbatas pada powerpoint saja Dengan menggunakan media yang menarik dan sesuai dengan karakteristik siswa seperti Sticky note serta penerapan model yang cocok seperti model Think Pair Share bertingkat diharapkan terjadi interaksi siswa dengan media secara optimal sehingga aktvitas dan penguasaan konsepnya meningkat. Salah satu bentuk Aktivitas siswa adalah kemampuan menjawab pertanyaan sangat penting dalam proses pembelajaran agar anak mudah mengungkapkan pendapatnya, anak berani menuangkan ide atau gagasan baik secara lisan di depan umum maupun secara tertulis, melatih berpikir kritis dan menguasai konsep materi pelajaran. Penelitian Tindakan Kelas ini terdiri atas dua siklus, setiap siklus terdiri atas perencanaan, tindakan, pengamatan dan refleksi, dan setiap siklus terdiri atas tiga pertemuan. Indikator kinerjanya 85% siswa tuntas KKM dan 85% siswa menunjukkan kemampuan menjawab pertanyaan baik. Tindakan pada Siklus I yaitu siswa melakukan pembelajaran menggunakan Media sticky note dengan model Think Pair share awalnya secara individu (berfikir) kemudian berpasangan (pair 1, 2 siswa atau 3), kelompok besar (pair 2, 4 atau 5 siswa) kemudian diskusi atau mengemukakan atau menjelaskan ke anggota (share) dilanjutkan tes penguasaan konsep. Tindakan pada Siklus II sama, hanya saja ada perbaikan yaitu sebelumnya siswa diberi ringkasan materi agar dipelajari di rumah, guru memberi contoh penggunaan bahasa yang baik dan benar, guru memberi contoh konsep yang benar, dibuat kompetisi perolehan skor menjawab antar siswa di dalam kelompok dan guru memotivasi siswa yang kemampuan menjawab pertanyaan dan penguasaan konsepnya rendah. Pada kondisi awal 48,5% siswa tuntas KKM 67, pada Siklus I menjadi 71% dan pada Siklus II meningkat menjadi 86%. Kemampuan menjawab pertanyaan dengan baik adalah pada siklus I sebanyak 47% siswa meningkat menjadi 89% pada Siklus II. Tindakan berhasil karena telah memenuhi indikator kinerja.
PENERAPAN MODEL LISTEN-PAIRS-SHARE UNTUK MENINGKATKAN HASIL BELAJAR SISWA PADA PEMBELAJARAN LISTENING DI SMP NEGERI 2 NGAWI
Authors: Prasetyo Matrik Agoes
Published: April 2021

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mendiskripsikan bagaimanakah penerapan model Listen-Pair-Share (LPS) dapat meningkatkan hasil belajar siswa pada pembelajaran Listening di Kelas VIII-A SMP Negeri 2 Ngawi Tahun Pelajaran 2013/2014. Metode yang digunakan dalam penelitian adalah penelitian tindakan kelas. Subjek penelitian ini, yaitu siswa Kelas VIII-A SMPN 2 Ngawi yang berjumlah 32 siswa terdiri dari 12 putra dan 20 putri. Sedangkan tempat pelaksanaan penelitian ini berlangsung di SMP Negeri 2 Ngawi pada tahun pelajaran 2013/2014. Ada dua jenis data yang dipergunakan dalam penelitian ini, yaitu data kualitatif dan kuantitatif. Data kualitatif bersumber dari hasil pengamatan sikap siswa, anget siswa, dan foto kegiatan siswa selama proses pembelajaran berlangsung di kelas, sedangkan data kuantitatif terdiri dari hasil Pre-test dan Post-test kemampuan Listening siswa. Hasil penelitian tindakan kelas menunjukkan bahwa penerapan model Listen-Pair-Share (LPS) dapat meningkatkan hasil belajar siswa pada pembelajaran Listening. Hal ini ditunjukkan dengan meningkatnya nilai rata-rata kelas siswa, yaitu di Siklus I sebesar 83 dan di Siklus II, nilai rata-rata kelas siswa sebesar 85. Selain aspek kognitif tersebut, hasil belajar siswa juga menunjukkan kemajuan yang positif di aspek afektif dan psikomotor selama proses pembelajaran Listening bahasa Inggris di kelas. Nilai rata-rata sikap afektif siswa berpredikat “baik”.
UPAYA MENINGKATKAN HASIL BELAJAR SISWA MATA PELAJARAN BIOLOGI MELALUI COOPERATED INTEGRATED READING AND COMPOSITION (CIRC) BAGI SISWA SMA KELAS XI IPA
Authors: Musa Mr.
Published: April 2021

Penelitian berdasarkan permasalahan, apakah proses pembelajaran kooperatif tipe CIRC dapat meningkatkan hasil belajar siswa dan dapat meningkatkan motivasi belajar siswa. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui peningkatan motivasi dan partisipasi belajar siswa, dan peningkatan pemahaman siswa. Penelitian ini hanya dikhususkan pada siswa kelas XI IPA-1 SMA Wachid Hasjim Maduran yang berjumlah 28 siswa dan dilaksanakan tanggal 13 – 28 Agustus 2019 semester ganjil tahun pelajaran 2019/2020. Materi yang disampaikan adalah bidang studi biologi terutama materi struktur dan fungsi Sel. Jenis penelitian ini adalah Penelitian Tindakan Kelas (action research) sebanyak dua putaran/siklus. Setiap putaran terdiri dari empat tahap yaitu: rancangan, kegiatan dan pengamatan, refleksi, dan revisi. Instrumen pengumpulan data yang digunakan dalam penelitian adalah rencana pelaksanaan pembelajaran, pretes, lembar hasil belajar, lembar kerja siswa, postes dan angket. Data pengamatan dianalisis menggunakan uji presentase. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan adanya 1) adanya peningkatan motivasi dan partisipasi belajar siswa, 2) terjadi peningkatan pemahaman siswa, 3) ketuntasan klasikal secara keseluruhan meningkat dari siklus I sampai siklus II yaitu, siklus I (64,29%), siklus II (82,14%), 4) respon siswa terhadap model pembelajaran kooperatif tipe CIRC adalah senang atau positif.
PORTFLEXCTION SEBAGAI MEDIA MENGEKSPRESIKAN DAN MEREFLEKSIKAN PENILAIAN DIRI DI KELAS XII MIPA SMAN 3 BANDUNG
Authors: Swandarini Rd. Karunia
Published: April 2021

Portofolio adalah satu mekanisme penilaian ketrampilan yang bisa menjadi instrumen yang efektif untuk mengetahui berhasil tidaknya proses pembelajaran baik itu formatif atau sumatif. Ada beberapa masalah yang dihadapi dalam kegiatan penilaian seperti Siswa sering terlambat mengumpulkan tugas, kurang peduli terhadap nilai yang diperoleh, kurang bisa mengekspresikan diri melalui tulisan, jarang merefleksikan penilaian diri, belum memiliki media yang tepat untuk menunjukkan prestasi selama di SMA dan kurang memiliki rasa bertanggung jawab terhadap proses penilaian. Tujuan pembuatan Best Practice ini adalah untuk menunjukan penggunaan Portflexction atau Portfolio, Expression dan Reflection sebagai media mengekspresikan dan merefleksikan penilaian diri siswa. Metodologi pembuatan Best Practice ini adalah deskriptif-kualitatif dengan cara membahas kegiatan dan hasil portofolio peserta didik berikut penilaiannya. Adapun yang menjadi subjek penelitian ini adalah peserta didik kelas XII MIPA 2 SMAN 3 Bandung. Peserta didik mengumpulkan tugas yang disepakati untuk portofolio dan sertifikat yang mereka peroleh selama di SMA. Peserta didik menulis jurnal pembelajaran, menuliskan ide-ide yang muncul selama melaksanakan tugas dan cara mereka menyelesaikan masalah yang mereka hadapi terkait tugas. Hasil menunjukan bahwa dengan penilaian portfolio, selain bisa menilai diri sendiri terutama hasil tugas mereka, peserta didik dapat berkreatifitas dalam menyusun portfolio tersebut.
LA SOCIEDAD CIVIL CONTRA LA CORRUPCIÓN
Authors: TOMÁS TÍO JOSÉ MARÍA
Published: April 2021

la sociedad civil perpleja e indignada decide estar activa y vigilante: el objetivo es poner fin a la impunidad, utilizando la transparencia como estrategia. Con 150 propuestas concretas, útiles, eficaces y posibles, elaboradas por 55 organizaciones civiles, suscritas por más de 300 personas individuales y asumidas por los siete grupos políticos más representativos, se firmó el 9 diciembre 2015 (Día Internacional contra la corrupción) el Pacto Estatal contra la corrupción y por la regeneración cívica, cuyo cumplimiento va a ir evaluando un Observatorio ciudadano, que dará cuenta en un Foro anualmente convocado, hasta conformar instituciones justas, sociedades decentes y comportamientos morales que nos permitan vivir con dignidad.

Gizarte zibila ez aurrera ez atzera, haserre eta erne dabil: helburua zigorgabetasuna amaitzea da. Estrategia gardentasuna da. 55 erakunde zibilek landutako, 300 pertsonak baino gehiagok sinatutako eta ordezkaritzarik handiena duten zazpi talde politikoek euren gain hartutako 150 proposamen zehatz, erabilgarri, eragingarri eta egingarri. 2015eko abenduaren 9an (Ustelkeriaren aurkako nazioarteko eguna) sinatu zuten ustelkeriaren aurkako eta birsortze zibikoaren aldeko estatu hitzarmena, eta herritarren behatokiak ebaluatuko du hitzarmena betetzen den eta urtean behin deituko den eztabaida-gunean azalduko ditu ondorioak, erakunde zuzenak, gizarte duinak eta duintasunez bizitzea ahalbidetzen duten jarrera moralak eratu arte.

The puzzled and outraged civil society decides to be active and vigilant: the objective is to put and end to impunity by using transparency as a strategy. With 150 specific, useful, efficient and feasible proposals elaborated by 55 civil organizations, signed by more of 300 individual persons and assumed by the most representative political groups, the State pact against corruption and for civic regeneration was signed on December 9th 2015 (International Day agains corruption) and whose fullfilment shall be assessed by a citizen observatory that will report to an annual forum in order to shape fair institutions, decent societies and moral behaviours that enable us to live in dignity.
LAS REGLAS DE CONDUCTA DE LOS POLÍTICOS: EVOLUCIÓN EN EL REINO UNIDO
Authors: BUSTOS GISBERT RAFAEL
Published: April 2021

El presente trabajo aborda la experiencia británica en materia de códigos de conducta aprobados y pensados para los miembros del gobierno y del parlamento. Esta experiencia es muy rica pues se inicia a finales del siglo pasado y no ha parado de evolucionar en paralelo a las crecientes demandas a favor de una mayor honradez en la vida pública británica. Además las peculiaridades de la «constitución» británica y, en particular, el uso de «convenciones constitucionales» para articular estos códigos han resultado un campo muy fértil para un uso razonable de este tipo de códigos. Precisamente por esas peculiaridades tan británicas la traslación de esta experiencia al resto de Europa resulta muy problemática, si bien se puede aprender mucho de los problemas y de las fórmulas empleados para resolverlos en el Reino Unido.

lan horretan, Bretainia Handian gobernuko eta parlamentuko kideentzat onartutako eta pentsatutako jarrera kodeak aztertzen dira. Esperientzia hori oso aberatsa da, iragan mendearen hasieran hasi baitzen eta etengabe eboluzionatu baita, britainiar bizitza publikoan zintzotasun handiagoa eskatzen zen heinean. Horrez gain, Bretainia Handiko «konstituzio»aren berezitasunei eta, bereziki, kodeok egituratzeko «konstituzio konbentzio»en erabilpenari esker, bide zabala dago kode mota hori erabiltzeko. Hain zuzen, berezitasun horiek kontuan izaki, bertako esperientzia Europa osora hedatzea ez da erraza, baina asko ikas daiteke Erresuma Batuan erabilitako arazoetatik eta beroriek konpontzeko erabilitako formuletatik.

This work deals with the British experience on Codes of Conduct approved and envisaged for the Government and Parliament members. This experience is very broad as it started at the end of the past century and it has been evolving since then together with the growing demands for a greater honesty in British public life. Furthermore, the peculiarities of the British «constitution» and particularly the use of «constitutional conventions» in order to articulate those codes have been a very fertile breeding ground for a reasonable use of those type of codes. It is precisely for such British peculiarities that the transposition of this experience to the rest of Europe is very problematic, while there is a lot to be learnt of the problems and formula used to solve them in the United Kingdom.
ЛИНГВИСТИЧКИ АТЛАС НА МАКЕДОНСКИТЕ ДИЈАЛЕКТИ (СПОРЕД МАТЕРИЈАЛИТЕ НА ОПШТОСЛОВЕНСКИОТ ЛИНГВИСТИЧКИ АТЛАС – ОЛА). СКОПJE: МАНУ, 2020 / A LINGUISTIC ATLAS OF THE MACEDONIAN DIALECTS (ACCORDING TO THE DATA IN THE SLAVIC LINGUISTIC ATLAS – SLA). SKOPJE: MASA, 2020
Authors: Vasileva Lilyana , Keremidchieva Slavka
Published: April 2021

The project for creating a three-volume Bulgarian-Slovak dictionary is presented. The attention is focused on the structure of the newly published third volume. Characteristics of the included vocabulary, as well as its way of presentation in dictionary articles, are stated.