bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Memutus Kuasa Postkolonial di Indonesia dalam Perspektif Filsafat Sejarah Kritis
Authors: Kirom Syahrul
Published: July 2021

Sejarah bangsa Indonesia tidak bisa dilepaskan dari masa lalu yang penuh perjuangan. Perlawanan dengan kolonialisme selama 350 tahun itu waktu yang sangat lama sekali. Dampak peperangan dengan Belanda menyimpan banyak warisan kolonial dari kerja rodi, romusa dan pajak serta budaya korupsi pun muncul, pajak merupakan warisan pikiran kerja budaya belanda. Tulisan paper ini menggunakan pendekatan filsafat sejarah kritis. Metode yang digunakan adalah deskriptis- analitis. Penjajahan fisik dan peperangan pada saat merebut kemerdekaan sudah tidak tepat lagi dilakukaan pada saat ini. Pada era sekarang ini kolonialisme ini bentuknya macam-macam ada melalui kebijakan kebijakan dan bahkan jual beli aset-aset negara dan politik ekonomi luar negeri yang berdampak pada kemiskinan dan pengangguran serta penderitaan rakyat Indonesia. Dengan demikian, postkolonial yang terjadi pasca reformasi dan di era millenial ini perlu mendapatka perhatian khusus, upaya memutus mata rantai postkolonial, para pemangku kebijakan dan para birokrat bangsa Indonesia ini juga perlu belajar dari sejarah (history) masa lalu untuk mengatasi persoalan kebangsaan pada masa kini dan untuk menatap masa depan yang lebih baik. Perlu ada upaya membangun kesadaran yang sangat tinggi pada pemangku kebijakan, membangun semangat nasionalisme mencinta ibu pertiwi, mencintai aset aset negara untuk dikembalikan pada kemakmuran seluruh rakyat Indonesia.
Mental illness stigma: Strategies to address a barrier to care
Authors: Conklin Teresa M.
Published: July 2021

Mental illness (MI) is extremely prevalent worldwide. Despite recent efforts to raise awareness through screening and early identification, MI stigma remains high and is recognized as a major barrier to recovery. Nurse practitioners play a key role in overcoming stigma to facilitate appropriate treatment and recovery. The various aspects of MI stigma, tools to measure stigma, and intervention strategies to decrease stigma among healthcare professionals and individuals suffering from MI are discussed. Disparities between women and men are also reviewed.
PrEP for women: An update for healthcare providers
Authors: Clement Danielle P. , McGee Kara , Trotter Kathryn
Published: July 2021

Women account for almost 20% of all new diagnoses of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) in the United States, yet their utilization of pre-exposure prophylaxis (PrEP) to prevent HIV infection is highly underutilized. Significant racial, social, and cultural factors further marginalize those who are at increased risk. Women’s healthcare providers should screen for HIV risk and offer PrEP during routine clinical encounters.
Analisis Proporsi Tingkat Kesehatan Bank Menggunakan Pendekatan RGEC pada PT. Bank BNI ( Persero), Bank Mandiri (Persero) dan Bank BRI (Persero) Periode 2014-2018
Authors: Hariani Hariani
Published: July 2021

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis Tingkat Kesehatan PT. Bank Negara Indonesia (Persero), Bank PT. Mandiri (Persero) dan Bank Rakyat Indonesia.(Persero). Secara Metafora dengan Metode RGEC (Risk Profile Good Corpoeate Governance Earnings Capital). Tahun 2014-2018. Jenis penelitian yang digunakan yaitu deskripsi kuantitatif. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan tingkat kesehatan Bank BNI, Bank Mandiri dan Bank BRI. Dengan ini dikatakan  sehat ditahun 2014-2018. Indikator risiko kredit memperoleh  predikat sehat dengan indikator risiko likuiditas ketiga  bank memperoleh predikat yang sehat . penilaian Good Corporate Governance (GCG) berdasarkan Self Assessment menunjukan Bank BNI predikat baik, Bank Mandiri predikat sangat baik dan Bank BRI predikat baik. Penilaian laba dari analisis rasio ROA dan NIM serta penilaian Modal berdasarkan analisis niali CAR menunjukkan bahwa Bank BNI, Bank Mandiri dan BRI memperoleh predikat sangat baik.
Efektivitas Pembelajaran Daring terhadap Daya Serap Siswa Kelas 9 SMP Kristen Kanaan Jakarta
Authors: Mursabdo Wisnu , Mursabdo Michael Christian
Published: July 2021

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui dampak pembelajaran daring terhadap daya serap siswa selama pembelajaran daring. Penelitian ini bersifar kualitatif dengan harapan memberikan gambaran kondisi siswa selama pembelajaran daring.  Metode penelitain dilakukan secara survei daring dengan melibatkan 22 siswa dari 60 siswa SMP Kristen Kanaan Jakarta. Dari hasil wawancara, maka dapat ditarik gambaran bahwa setengah siswa mengalami kendala penyerapan materi pembelajaran. Bahkan setengah siswa juga mengalami tekanan psikologis akibat pembelajaran daring. Kurangnya interaksi sosial antar siswa dan guru menjadi kendala dalam penyerapan dan pemahaman materi ajar.
Role of lungs in the hemostasis system (review of literature)
Authors: Aripov A. N. , Kayumov U. K. , Inoyatova F. Kh. , Khidoyatova M. R.
Published: July 2021

The lung tissue contains various hemostatic system elements, which can be released from the lungs, both under physiological and pathological conditions. The COVID-19 pandemic has led to an increase in the number of patients with acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) in intensive care units worldwide. When the lungs are damaged, coagulation disorders are mediated by tissue factor (TF) - factor VIIa (F VIIa), and inhibition of this pathway completely eliminates intrapulmonary fibrin deposition. A tissue factor pathway inhibitor TFPI also contributes to pulmonary coagulationdisturbance in ARDS. Pulmonary coagulationdisturbance caused by pneumonia can worsen the damage to the lungs and thus contribute to the progression of the disease. Cytokines are the main linking factors between inflammation and changes in blood clotting and fibrinolysis. The sources of proinflammatory cytokines in the lungs are probably alveolar macrophages. The activation of alveolar macrophages occurs through the nuclear factor kappa-bi (NF-κB), which controls thetranscription of the expression of immune response genes, cell apoptosis, which leads to the development of inflammation and autoimmune diseases as a result of direct stimulation of TF activation. Conversely,coagulation itself can affect bronchoalveolar inflammation. Coagulation leads to the formation of proteases that interact with specific cellular receptors, activating intracellular signaling pathways. The use of anticoagulant therapy, which also has an anti-inflammatory effect, perhaps one of the therapeutic targets for coronavirus infection.The difficulty here is that it seems appropriate to study anticoagulant interventions’ influence on clinically significant cardio-respiratory parameters.
Análisis interdimensional de los impactos ambientales, asociados con el botadero a cielo abierto de la ciudad de Quibdó, Colombia
Authors: Cuesta Borja Teóflo
Published: July 2021

Se presenta un análisis interdimensional del impacto ambiental asociado con el botadero a cielo abierto de Quibdó, Colombia, con el fin de aportar recomendaciones, como insumos para la gestión integral de los residuos sólidos en el ámbito local. La metodología aplicada, es la propuesta por Ángel et al. (2001), la cual se denomina modelo analítico por dimensiones y propone una matriz de doble entrada para la identificación y descripción de los impactos ambien- tales, mediante un cruce interdimensional. Entre los resultados encontrados se encuentran los impactos sobre la biodiversidad, el suelo, el agua, el aire y la sociedad. Como conclusión se puede decir que el modelo analítico por dimensiones es pertinente para el análisis del impacto ambiental en botaderos a cielo abierto; permite aplicar la visión ambiental compleja. Sin embargo, la propuesta de modelo, tal como está formulada es incompleta, en tanto que no profundiza en la evaluación y análisis del impacto ambiental.
PENGARUH PENGGUNAAN DISCOVERY LEARNING DENGAN SCRAMBLE TERHADAP KEAKTIFAN BELAJAR DAN HASIL BELAJAR MATEMATIKA SISWA KELAS X SMA N 1 KLEGO KABUPATEN BOYOLALI SEMESTER II TAHUN PELAJARAN 2020 / 2021
Authors: SARI DESIE NARMIA
Published: July 2021

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui ada tidaknya pengaruh penggunaan discoverylearning dengan scramble terhadap keaktifan belajar dan hasil belajar matematika siswa kelasX SMA N 1 Klego Kabupaten Boyolali Semester II Tahun Pelajaran 2020/2021. Populasidalam penelitian ini adalah semua siswa kelas X SMA N 1 Klego Kabupaten Boyolali yangberjumlah 203 siswa yang terbagi dalam 6 kelas. Teknik pengambilan sampel dengan clusterrandom sampling dan diperoleh kelas X IPS 1 sebagai kelas eksperimen (36 siswa) dan kelasX IPS 2 sebagai kelas kontrol (33 siswa). Desain penelitian ini adalah the randomized kontrolgroup pretest posttest design. Uji keseimbangan kondisi awal untuk keaktifan belajar danhasil belajar berturut-turut menghasilkan nilai signifikansi sebesar 0,070 dan 0,978, keduanyalebih dari 0,05. Artinya kedua kelompok sampel dalam kondisi seimbang baik untuk keaktifanbelajar maupun hasil belajar. Adapun hasil uji hipotesis keaktifan belajar menghasilkan nilaisignifikansi sebesar 0,01 dengan rata-rata keaktifan belajar kelas eksperimen 80,11 lebih baikdari kelas kontrol 76,03. Sedangkan hasil uji hipotesis hasil belajar menghasilkan nilaisignifikansi 0,023 dengan rata-rata hasil belajar kelas eksperimen 69,72 lebih baik daripadakelas kontrol 65,39. Masing-masing nilai signifikansi kurang dari 0,05 sehingga dapatdisimpulkan bahwa terdapat pengaruh penggunaan discovery learning dengan scramble baikterhadap keaktifan belajar ataupun hasil belajar matematika siswa kelas X SMA N 1 KlegoKabupaten Boyolali.
UPAYA MENANAMKAN NILAI-NILAI	ENTREPRENEURSHIP UNTUK MEMBEKALI KECAKAPAN HIDUP ( LIFE SKILL ) SEJAK DINI PADA PESERTA DIDIK
Authors: SUTINI SUTINI
Published: July 2021

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengkaji betapa pentingnya menanamkan nilai-nilai entrepreneurship kepada peserta didik di era globalisasi ini, melalui studi literatur. Teknik yang digunakan untuk mengumpulkan data adalah dengan cara dokumentasi, yaitu mengumpulkan berbagai macam sumber literatur yang terkait dengan topik penelitian.  Selanjutnya berbagai macam sumber literatur yang terkumpul di review, dianalisis menggunakan metode deskriptif kualitatif secara rinci dan mendalam, kemudian disimpulkan. Gaung globalisasi menyebabkan tingginya persaingan antar individu dalam segala bidang, memaksa agar para peserta didik dibekali dengan kecakapan hidup ( life skill ) melalui penanaman nilai-nilai entrepreneurship sehingga mereka dapat menjalani kehidupan yang lebih baik ke depannya setelah lulus dari sekolah. Mereka harus mampu mengubah pola pikir “setelah lulus mencari kerja, menjadi setelah lulus meciptakan lapangan pekerjaan”. Sekolah sebagai lembaga pendidikan formal mempunyai peran yang sangat strategis dalam mewujudkan tujuan tersebut. Penanaman nilai-nilai entrepreneurship di sekolah dapat dilakukan dengan beberapa cara antara lain melalui proses pembelajaran dan pemanfaatan Koperasi sekolah. Melalui peran koperasi sekolah, peserta didik dilatih untuk belajar berwirausaha, sehingga diharapkan memiliki kemandirian yang tinggi. Selain itu, sekolah juga dapat membiasakan menanamkan nilai-nilai entrepreneurship kepada peserta didik melalui budaya sekolah yang disepakati bersama.
DISCUSSION METHOD IS AS A TOOL TO DEVELOP AND EDUCATE STUDENTS
Authors:   Kazakh National Pedagogical University named after Abai, Dyussembina G. , Iskakova М. ,   Kazakh National Pedagogical University named after Abai
Published: July 2021

Today, there are many methods that are used in the educational process. One of the ways to increase students ' activity and interest in the subject is through discussion. The article discusses the advantages and benefits of using the discussion method. In addition, the article provides a set of rules that take into account students while preserving the culture of discussions and the forms of discussions that exist in the learning process. The article reveals the knowledge, skills, and skills acquired by students through discussion methods.
TEACHING THE GRAMMATICAL AND LEXICAL ASPECTS OF MODERN ENGLISH THROUGH POPULAR SONGS’ LYRICS: A PRACTICAL APPROACH
Authors:   KIMEP University, Rueckert G. , Shegebayev М. ,   KIMEP University
Published: July 2021

Teaching grammar and vocabulary is an essential part of any language instruction. However, along with books and theory, there can be other activities, more widely used and more motivational, to help students master the grammatical and lexical aspects of contemporary English. These include analyzing the linguistic content of pop songs as a way to acquire the language efficiently.
Missing links between clinical observation and basic research
Authors: Schlingensiepen Irene D
Published: July 2021

Coming to clinical work from a neuroscientific background, it seemed logical to me to evaluate the short- and long-term outcomes of our patients treated with different homoeopathic approaches. The aim in our clinic was to identify prescribing methods that would more consistently arrive at sustained, long lasting healing in patients with chronic diseases. The aim of this presentation is to discuss whether our results can be linked to and understood within the context of important results of basic research in the past 30 years.

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We tracked individual patient outcomes in our practice over extended periods between 1 and 21 years and correlated them with the different methodologies we had used to determine the remedies in each case.

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The most reliable and predictive indicator of sustained long-term patient improvement with a single given remedy was a perfect match between remedy and rubrics. Such a perfect match was only possible when in-depth and â€“ most importantly - thorough provings were available for that remedy.

A surprising and unexpected observation of our evaluations was in patients for whom such a perfect simillimum could be determined. On retaking of the case in these patients - who did not know which remedy they were taking â€“ they could almost always name the source of their remedy using homeopathic interviewing techniques adapted from psychoanalytical methods.

The second surprising observation over the last 2 decades was that such an exact remedy picture is often found across several generations within one family. It can often be already found after birth. This hints to the possibility that a true simillimum remedy picture might be a state that is - at least in part â€“ genetically encoded and inherited.

The third consistent long-term observation was that homeopathic remedies seem to interact with the patientâ€™s state in a way that is reminiscent of a physical (electromagnetic?) field.

The underlying mode of action of homeopathic remedies might be fully understood in the future through a synthesis of results from systematic clinical observation/research and important insights from recent basic research. To this end homeopathy would greatly benefit from a sincere mutual interest and dialogue between these 2 research disciplines.

Keywords: simillimum, long-term-evaluation, homeopathic clinical cases perfect match, field effects of homeopathic remedies, inner knowledge of the patient, hereditary remedy pictures
Evaluation of the protective activity of different immunostimulatory drugs at the experimental trichinosis on white mice
Authors: Olga Runeva , Liudmila Napisanova , Olga Zhdanova , Vera Berezhko
Published: July 2021

The purpose of this study was assess the protective efficiency of homeopathic drug such as Cina C6cH and meglumineacridonacetate(cycloferon) against experimental trichinosis, that can affect the muscle phase of the parasite T. spiralis in mice. The maximum protection was obtained in mice immunized with cycloferon, the number of T. spiralis larvae detected in animals was 733.5±25.1 larva/per animal. The number of larvae detected in the group immunized by Cina C6cH was 2840,5±183,3. This was 6.1 and 1.6 times less than in the mice of control group (4485±430.6 larvae/mouse).
Downscaling system for modeling of atmospheric composition on regional, urban and street scales
Authors: Nuterman Roman , Mahura Alexander , Baklanov Alexander , Amstrup Bjarne , Zakey Ashraf
Published: July 2021

Abstract. In this study, the downscaling modeling chain for
prediction of weather and atmospheric composition is described and evaluated
against observations. The chain consists of interfacing models for
forecasting at different spatiotemporal scales that run in a
semi-operational mode. The forecasts were performed for European (EU)
regional and Danish (DK) subregional-urban scales by the offline coupled
numerical weather prediction HIRLAM and atmospheric chemical transport CAMx
models, and for Copenhagen city-street scale by the online coupled
computational fluid dynamics M2UE model. The results showed elevated NOx and lowered O3 concentrations
over major urban, industrial, and transport land and water routes in both the EU
and DK domain forecasts. The O3 diurnal cycle predictions in both these
domains were equally good, although O3 values were closer to
observations for Denmark. At the same time, the DK forecast of NOx
and NO2 levels was more biased (with a better prediction score of the
diurnal cycle) than the EU forecast, indicating a necessity to adjust emission
rates. Further downscaling to the street level (Copenhagen) indicated that
the NOx pollution was 2-fold higher on weekends and more than 5 times
higher during the working day with high pollution episodes. Despite high
uncertainty in road traffic emissions, the street-scale model effectively captured
the NOx and NO2 diurnal cycles and the onset of elevated pollution
episodes. The demonstrated downscaling system could be used in future online
integrated meteorology and air quality research and operational forecasting,
as well as for impact assessments on environment, population, and
decision making for emergency preparedness and safety measures planning.
Coincident In-situ and Triple-Frequency Radar Airborne Observations in the Arctic
Authors: Nguyen Cuong M. , Wolde Mengistu , Battaglia Alessandro , Nichman Leonid , Bliankinshtein Natalia , Haimov Samuel , Bala Kenny , Schuettemeyer Dirk
Published: July 2021

Abstract. The dataset collected during the Radar Snow Experiment (RadSnowExp) presents the first-ever triple-frequency radar reflectivities combined with almost perfectly co-located and coincident airborne in situ microphysics probes on board the National Research Council Canada (NRC) Convair-580 aircraft. Over 12 hours of flight data in mixed phased and glaciated clouds with more than 3.4 hours in non-Rayleigh regions for at least one of the radar frequencies provide a unique opportunity for studying the relationship between cloud microphysical properties and radar triple-frequency signals. The in situ particle imagery data for this study include imagery from the CPI probe, which provides high resolution particle imagery and allow accurate identification of particle types including level of riming within the DFR plane. The airborne triple-frequency radar data are analysed and grouped based on the dominant particle compositions and microphysical processes (level of aggregation and riming). The results from this study are consistent with the main findings of previous modelling studies with specific regions of the dual-frequency ratio (DFR) plane associated with unique scattering properties of different ice habits, especially in clouds where radar signal is dominated by large aggregates. Moreover, the analysis shows that the close relationships between the triple-frequency signatures and particles’ bulk density, level of riming and aggregations and characteristic size of the particle size distribution (PSD).
Venus dayside observation campaign performed by multiple space missions and ground-based facilities
Authors: Lee Yeon Joo ,   Venus Dayside Observation team
Published: July 2021

Despite a long history of Venus observations, we still miss information about the spectral and solar phase angle dependences of the Venus dayside. Recently, the Venus atmosphere was found to undergo temporal variations [1-3]. But variability of scattering properties of the Venus disk is not yet quantified, and only a long-term average is known [4-6]. In Aug-Sep 2020 we performed a unique Venus dayside campaign (Fig. 1) by 3 spacecraft and 6 ground-based telescopes over a broad spectral range (45-1700 nm) (Fig. 2). During the cruise to Mercury, BepiColombo’s UV spectrometer PHEBUS conducted Venus faraway observations; at the same time, the UV camera on board Akatsuki Venus orbiter and Earth-bound telescope facilities obtained Venus data (Fig. 2). The campaign was successful, and we acquired data from three locations simultaneously. In this presentation, we will introduce the campaign and its latest analysis results. We plan for more campaigns in future to observe Venus dayside from various solar phase angle locations.Fig 1. Relative locations of BepiColombo (blue), Akatsuki Venus orbiter (black), and the direction to the Earth (green arrow), when the Venus dayside observation campaign was conducted (28 Aug - 2 Sep 2020). The +X is assigned to the Sun. The grey curve shows the trajectory of BepiColombo in Aug-Nov 2020 (top). The enlarged plot in the bottom shows the trajectory of Akatsuki around  Venus on 28 Aug – 2 Sep. Red dots indicate the locations of BepiColombo and Akatsuki at 28 Aug 04:30 UT (BepiColombo is at 0.3 AU distance from Venus, and Akatsuki is at 0.34 million km distance) (Image credit: [7]).Fig 2. Facilities participated the Venus dayside observation campaign in Aug-Sep 2020. From top left to clockwise: BepiColombo, Akatsuki, CAHA (3.5, 2.2, 1.23), STELLA, Perek telescope, T100, and Hisaki. (Image credit: ESA, JAXA, CAHA, STELLA, T100, Pereks telescope)
Dust and minerals in the HR 8799 atmospheres: JWST MIRI prediction
Authors: Frantseva Kateryna , Mueller Michael , van der Tak Floris F. S. , Min Michiel , Pokorny Petr
Published: July 2021

We are learning rapidly about the gas composition of exoplanet atmospheres, but know almost nothing about their solid composition. The upcoming James Webb Space Telescope will radically change this! The HR8799 exoplanetary system is a perfect candidate because it provides us with a unique opportunity of simultaneously measuring mineral clouds and refractory element composition of its four gas giant atmospheres. The HR8799 system is very young and additionally contains two particle belts. The giant planets are predicted to be bombarded with material from the belts, analogous to the Late Heavy Bombardment. Signatures of this bombardment, such as mineral clouds and refractory element composition, might be observable in their atmospheres. JWST MIRI will allow to characterise these exoplanets in the mid-infrared thermal regime (5-28 μm) which is not possible from the ground. We use the ARtful modeling Code for exoplanet Science (ARCiS) to calculate the mid-infrared spectra of planets HR 8799 b, c, d and e, and we simulate MIRI spectroscopic observations. Besides the dust features, we also expect to identify narrower gas features from molecular species such as CO2, H2O, HCN, C2H2 etc.
Magnetosphere-Ionosphere-Thermosphere Coupling study at Jupiter Based on Juno First 30 Orbits and Modelling Tools
Authors: Al Saati Sariah , Clément Noé , Blanc Michel , Wang Yuxian , André Nicolas , Louis Corentin , Lamy Laurent , Blelly Pierre-Louis , Louarn Philippe , Marchaudon Aurélie , Gérard Jean-Claude , Bonfond Bertrand , Grodent Denis , Dinelli Bianca Maria , Adriani Alberto , Mura Alessandro , Mauk Barry , Clark George , Allegrini Frederick , Bolton Scott ,   co-authors
Published: July 2021

The dynamics of the Jovian magnetosphere is controlled by the complex interplay of the planet’s fast rotation, its solar-wind interaction and its main plasma source at the Io torus. At the ionospheric level, these MIT coupling processes can be characterized by a set of key parameters which include ionospheric conductances, currents and electric fields, exchanges of particles along field lines and auroral emissions. Knowledge of these key parameters in turn makes it possible to estimate the net deposition/extraction of momentum and energy into/out of the Jovian upper atmosphere. In this talk we will extend to the first thirty Juno science orbits the method described in Wang et al. (JGR 2021, under review) which combines Juno multi-instrument data (MAG, JADE, JEDI, UVS, JIRAM and WAVES), adequate modelling tools and data bases to retrieve these key parameters along the Juno magnetic footprint and across the north and south auroral ovals. We will present preliminary distributions of conductances, electric currents and electric fields obtained from these orbits and will compare them with model predictions.
PanCam: the ‘science eyes’ of the Rosalind Franklin (ExoMars 2022) rover
Authors: Coates Andrew ,   Rosalind Franklin PanCam team
Published: July 2021

The scientific objectives of the ExoMars Rosalind Franklin rover [1] are designed to answer several key questions in the search for life on Mars. In particular, the unique subsurface drill will address some of these questions for the first time, such as the possible existence and stability of sub-surface organics. PanCam [2] will establish the surface geological and morphological context for the mission, working in collaboration with other context instruments. Here, we describe the PanCam scientific objectives in geology, atmospheric science and 3D vision. We discuss the design of PanCam, which includes a stereo pair of Wide Angle Cameras (WACs), each of which has an 11 position filter wheel, and a High Resolution Camera (HRC) for high resolution investigations of rock texture at a distance. The cameras and electronics are housed in an optical bench that provides the mechanical interface to the rover mast and a planetary protection barrier.  The electronic interface is via the PanCam Interface Unit (PIU), and power conditioning is via a DC-DC converter. PanCam also includes a calibration target mounted on the rover deck for radiometric calibration, fiducial markers for geometric calibration and a rover inspection mirror. Recent simulations [3] show the view from PanCam, the ‘science eyes’ of the Rosalind Franklin rover.References:[1] Vago, J.L., F. Westall, A.J. Coates, et al., Habitability on Early Mars and the Search for Biosignatures with the ExoMars Rover, Astrobiology, 17(6-7), 471-510, doi:10.1089/ast.2016.1533, Jul 2017.[2] Coates, A.J., R. Jaumann, A.D. Griffiths, et al., The PanCam instrument for the ExoMars rover, Astrobiology, 17 (6-7), 511-541, doi: 10.1089/ast.2016.1548, Jul 2017.[3] Miles, H.C., M.D. Gunn and A.J. Coates, Seeing through the ‘Science Eyes’ of the ExoMars Rover, IEEE Computer Graphics & Applications, Applications Department, 40, 71-81, doi: 10.1109/MCG.2020.2970796, Mar-Apr 2020.
Climate as a complex, self-regulating system
Authors: Jones Roger N. , Ricketts James H.
Published: July 2021

Abstract. This paper explores whether climate is complicated or complex by examining the performance of a heat engine in the tropical Pacific, the Pacific Ocean heat engine, which is linked to a teleconnected network of circulation and oscillations. Sustained radiative forcing is widely expected to produce gradual change but instead produces step-wise regime shifts. The engine is a heat pump with cold-to-hot circulation maintained by kinetic energy produced by the Coriolis Effect. It is a fundamental response of a coupled ocean-atmosphere system to asymmetric circulation. This paper surveys emergent behaviours in climate models linked to such shifts. It explores how well models represent the heat engine, compares regime changes in models and observations, and examines how geostrophic controls on meridional heat transport set critical boundary conditions. The results reinforce the description of climate as a self-regulating system governed by the principle of least action. Teleconnected steady-state regimes are physically-induced by the need to maintain boundary-limited dissipation rates between the hemispheres, the equator and the poles. A sufficient imbalance of energy at the planetary surface produces regime shifts that switch between slow and fast dissipation pathways. The strength of coupling measured via heat engine characteristics is weaker in models than in the observed climate, failing to distinguish clearly between free and forced modes. The capacity of the coupled ocean-atmosphere system to maintain homeostasis allows Earth’s climate to be classified physically rather than statistically, the basic unit of climate being the steady-state regime.
SSolar-GOA v1.0: a simple, fast, and accurate Spectral SOLAR radiative transfer model for clear skies
Authors: Cachorro Victoria Eugenia , Antuña-Sánchez Juan Carlos , de Frutos Ángel Máximo
Published: July 2021

Abstract. The aim of this work is to describe the features and to validate a simple, fast, accurate and physical-based spectral radiative transfer model in the solar wavelength range under clear skies. The model, named SSolar-GOA (the first “S” stands for “Spectral”), was developed to evaluate the instantaneous values of spectral solar irradiances at ground level. The model data output are well suited to work at a spectral resolution of 1–10 nm, are adapted to commercial spectroradiometers or filter radiometers, and are addressed to a wide community of users for many different applications (atmospheric and environmental research studies, remote sensing, solar energy, agronomy/forestry, ecology, etc.). The model requirements are designed based on the simplicity of the analytical expressions for the transmittance functions in order to be easily replicated and applied by users. Although spectral, the model runs quickly and has sufficient accuracy. The model assumes a single mixed molecule-aerosol scattering layer where the original Ambartsumian method of “adding layers" in a one-dimensional medium is applied, obtaining a parameterized expression for the total transmittance of scattering. Absorption by the different atmospheric gases follows “band model” parameterized expressions. Both processes are applied to a single atmospheric homogeneous layer as necessary approaches for developing a simple model under the consideration of non-interaction. Besides, the input parameters must be realistic and easily available since the spectral aerosol optical depth (AOD) is the main driver of the model. The validation of the SSolar-GOA model has been carried out through extensive comparison with simulated irradiance data from the LibRadtran package and with direct/global spectra measured by spectroradiometers. Thousands of spectra under clear skies have been compared for different atmospheric conditions and solar zenithal angles (SZA). From the results of the comparison with LibRadtran, the SSolar-GOA model shows a high performance for the entire solar spectral range for direct, global, and diffuse spectral components with relative differences of +1 %, +3 %, and 8 %, respectively, and our model always gives an underestimation. Compared with the measured irradiance data of the Licor1800 and ASD spectroradiometers, the relative differences of direct and global components are within the overall experimental error (about ±2–12 %) with underestimated or overestimated values. The diffuse component presents the highest degree of difference which can reach ±20–30 %. Obviously, the relative differences depend strongly on the spectral solar region analysed and the SZA. Model approach errors combined with calibration instrument errors may explain the observed differences.
Snow dune growth increases polar heat fluxes
Authors: Kochanski Kelly , Tucker Gregory , Anderson Robert
Published: July 2021

Abstract. Falling snow often accumulates in dunes. These bedforms are found on up to 14 % of the surface of Earth, and appear occasionally on other planets. They have been associated with increased heat ﬂuxes and rapid sea ice melting (Petrich et al., 2012; Popović et al., 2018). Their formation, however, is poorly understood (Filhol and Sturm, 2015; Kochanski et al., 2019a; Sharma et al., 2019). Here, we use ﬁeld observations to show that dune growth is controlled by snowfall rate and wind speed. We then use numerical experiments to generate simulated dune topographies under varied wind and snowfall conditions, and use those to quantify conductive and radiative heat ﬂuxes through snow. Our results show that dune growth leads to decreased snow cover, more variable snow depth, and signiﬁcant increases in surface energy ﬂuxes. We provide quantitative results that will allow modelers to account for the impact of snow bedforms in snow, sea ice, and climate simulations. In addition, this work offers a starting point for process-based studies of one of the most widespread bedforms on Earth.
ON THE QUESTION OF UNDERSTANDING THE STATE AS A SUBJECT OF FINANCIAL LEGAL RELATIONS
Authors: Okhrimenko Yaroslav Vyacheslavovich
Published: July 2021

The article is a study of the subject composition of legal relations arising in the sphere of financial activity of the state, the role of the state as a subject generating financial legal relations, and directly a participant in these relations is considered
ADAPTATION CAPABILITIES OF SCHOOLBOYS TAKING INTO ACCOUNT THEIR VEGETATIVE STATUS
Authors: Kuznetsova M.V. , Ulendeev E.M. , Shkhaeva D.M. , Ramazanov D.R. , Tsechoeva M.A.
Published: July 2021

During childhood, the formation and differentiation of the main morphofunctional systems of the body takes place, mechanisms of adaptation to environmental conditions are formed. The adaptive capabilities of junior schoolchildren of the city of Astrakhan at the age of 7 years (of them 17 boys (56,7%) and 13 girls (43,3%) were studied, taking into account their vegetative status.
An Exploratory Perception Analysis of Consensual and Nonconsensual Image Sharing
Authors: Lee Jin Ree , Downing Steven
Published: July 2021

Limited research has considered individual perceptions of moral distinctions between consensual and nonconsensual intimate image sharing, as well as decision making parameters around why others might engage in such behavior. The current study conducted a perception analysis using mixed-methods online surveys administered to 63 participants, inquiring into their perceptions of why individuals engage in certain behaviors surrounding the sending of intimate images from friends and partners. The study found that respondents favored the concepts of (1) sharing images with romantic partners over peers; (2) sharing non-intimate images over intimate images; and (3) sharing images with consent rather than without it. Furthermore, participants were more willing to use their own devices to show both intimate and non-intimate images rather than posting on social media or directly sending others the image files. Drawing on descriptive quantitative and thematic qualitative analysis, the findings suggest that respondents perceive nonconsensual image sharing as being motivated by the desire to either bully, “show off,” or for revenge. In addition, sharing intimate digital images of peers and romantic partners without consent was perceived to be troubling because it is abusive and/or can lead to abuse (when involving peers) and a violation of trust (when involving romantic partners).
The Relationship of Family Support with Elderly Independence in Fulfillment of Daily Living Activity in the Middle of the COVID-19 Outbreak in Pangkep District
Authors: Syarif Isymiarni
Published: July 2021

Background: The existence of the elderly (elderly) is characterized by an increasing life expectancy from year to year. An increase in the number of elderly will cause various health problems including those that cause a decrease in the productivity of the elderly. The decline in productivity in the elderly due to decreased function, so that the elderly can lead to decreased independence in carrying out daily activities without exception in the midst of an outbreak of Covid 19. The purpose of this study is to identify the picture of the level of independence in fulfilling the daily activities of living in the midst of an outbreak of covid-19.
Methods: This study design is analytic with cross sectional approach. The total sample was 109 elderly people aged 60 years and over. The instrument uses a questionnaire and the measurement instrument uses the Barthel index. The data analysis technique used Spearman Rho.
Results: The results showed that 96 respondents (79%) had high family support, 12 (19.4%) received moderate family support, and 1 respondent (1.6%) had low family support. 13 respondents (21%) were in the moderately dependent category and 96 respondents (79%) were in the independent/independent category.
Conclusion: There is a positive and significant relationship between family support and the independence of the elderly in fulfilling daily activities in the midst of the Covid 19 outbreak in Pangkep Regency. Increasing family support for the elderly is very necessary for the independence of the elderly. Health centers are advised to provide intensive counseling to families so that they provide greater support to the elderly.

Keywords: elderly independence, daily activities, family support, covid 19
Mortality of a Pregnant Patient Diagnosed with COVID-19: A Case Report
Authors: Mahajan Uday , Kapil Deepika
Published: July 2021

On her presentation she was conscious pulse rate was 92 beats per minute and respiratory rate was 16/minute and decreased air entry bilateral lungs and coarse crepitations in both infrascapular and infraaxillary and mammary area- not maintaining saturation with spo2 69% at room air. She was put on nonbreathable mask @ 15 L/minute and she achieved spo2of 92%. Her fetal assessment was done using NST which was reactive. She was managed conservatively on antiviral, antibiotic, oxygen therapy by combination of high flow nasal cannula @60L/min at fio2 80% along with NRM @15 L/min. She was planned for induction once stable and once weaned from high flow nasal cannula. However she kept deteriorating and became tachypneic, dehydrated and delirious. Her repeated investigation revealed rise in TLC of 11800/ul and falling albumin level of 2.6 g/dl and rise in ferritin of 726ng/ml. Her subsequent ABG were suggestive of respiratory alkalosis. Subsequently she was not maintaining saturation and she was intubated and she collapsed.

Keywords: Mortality, pregnant patient, COVID-19, respiratory alkalosis.
Influence of Low BMI on Handgrip Strength, Handgrip Endurance and Hand Dexterity in School Going Children- A Pilot Study
Authors: Babu Roshan Padmanabhan Suresh , . Chandrashekar , N J Likhitha
Published: July 2021

Introduction: The hand is the most dynamic and interactive part of the upper limb in humans and performing the complex tasks of daily living activities. The health problems due to less-than-optimal nutritional status in primary school-age children are among the most common causes of low school enrolment, high absenteeism, early dropout, and unsatisfactory classroom performance.
Purpose: To compare handgrip strength, handgrip endurance, and hand dexterity in 6–12 years children with low and normal body mass index.
Methodology: This pilot study was conducted among children with normal development. The age group included in the study was 6-12 years. The estimated sample 25 in each group. Participants underwent initial assessment, where height and weight were measured. To measure handgrip strength and handgrip endurance baseline hydraulic hand dynamometer and hand dexterity were assessed using a 9-hole pegboard, the participants were asked to perform three successful trials, and the mean of it was obtained.
Results: Result shows that there was a significant difference between handgrip strength with BMI, with p< 0.01and no significant difference between handgrip endurance and hand dexterity with p>0.05 in children.
Conclusion: The results of the current study demonstrated that 6-12-year-old children had a significant difference in handgrip strength of the dominant and non-dominant hand between low BMI and normal BMI children. With further research, it is important to find and compare the differences in a larger population.

Keywords: Body mass index, dominant hand, handgrip strength, handgrip endurance, hand dexterity, non-dominant hand.
A Study to Assess the Anxiety Level among People Residing in Various Parts of Assam during COVID-19 Pandemic: A Web-Based Cross-Sectional Study
Authors: Chetri Namita , Chiring June
Published: July 2021

COVID-19 pandemic is seen to create a panic situation among the people, keeping mental health at stake. Therefore monitoring the mental health during such crisis is an immediate priority. The purpose of this study was to assess the anxiety level among people residing in various parts of Assam during the COVID-19 pandemic. The objective of the study is to find the level of anxiety among the people and also to find the association between the demographic data. A total of 150 people living in Assam participated in this cross-sectional web-based study. A standardized anxiety related questions based on (coronavirus anxiety scale) was generated using the Google Form, and the link was shared through social media-whatsapp. Data collection was done within 5 days by the google form. The result was analyzed using both descriptive and inferential statistics. Among 150 people 43.3% is the highest who have mild anxiety, 12.7% have moderate anxiety, 3.3% have severe anxiety and 40.7% have no anxiety. The chi square indicates that there is a significant relationship between anxiety and age of the respondents (chi-square with 3 degree of freedom = 33.3946, p<0.05*) and the age group of 25-34 years have the highest level of anxiety. It is expected that both the government and the people together can fix this pandemic and reduce the anxiety level.

Keywords: COVID-19; Anxiety; pandemic; cross-sectional web –based study; coronavirus anxiety scale; mental health.
Категория правосознания в философской и юридической теории: методологический аспект
Authors: Контарев Анатолий Александрович
Published: July 2021

Автор прослеживает эволюционный генезис понятия правосознания в российском правоведении в период с конца XIX в. до современности. Основная идея автора состоит в том, что первоначально понятие правосознания использовалось с целью обновления правовой теории в соответствии с постклассической парадигмой научного познания, преодолевающей объективизм классических типов правопонимания, но категориальное значение оно получило в диалектико- материалистической философской теории и теории государства и права СССР для того, чтобы теоретически обосновать нормативизм и этатизм юридической доктрины, легитимировать ее консервативный характер. Автор приходит к выводу о том, что применение категории правосознания в современной теории выглядит как попытка соединения типов правопонимания, имеющих разную природу и источники происхождения. В связи с этим необходимо переосмысление данной категории и ее значения в контексте решения задач современной философии и фундаментальной правовой теории.
Music Index with Full Text
Authors: Vaaler Alyson
Published: July 2021

Music Index with Full Text is an expansion of Music Index (formerly The Music Index Online), an EBSCO music periodical database that provides comprehensive coverage of the music field from 1970 to the present. Over 800 journals are indexed, and coverage includes various music styles
and topics. Music Index with Full Text has added full text journal coverage from approximately 200 journals.The EBSCO interface is familiar to many users and offers easy integration with other heavily used music databases, such as RILM and RIPM. While the sheer size of citations and variety
of music materials and styles is beneficial, Music Index might not be as useful to researchers focusing purely on historical music scholarship. The addition of full text journals is welcome, but the content of the journals varies widely in scope and content.
NewspaperArchive.com
Authors: Coelho John J.
Published: July 2021

NewspaperArchive.com currently offers subscription-based, full-text online access to 11,548 American and 3,878 international newspaper titles. While the genealogical newspaper database does
provide a selection of major titles, the strength of the collection resides in its vast selection of small town and short-run newspaper titles. Institutional subscribers may purchase an annual subscription to any single title from a selection of major titles offered by the company, or titles
may be combined to create a collection tailored to the needs of any institution. NewspaperArchive.com also offers “single-state” subscriptions, “multi-state” subscriptions,
and “global” access subscriptions to the content of the entire online database to institutional subscribers. Members of the public may purchase a subscription to Newspaper-Archive.com for a fee, as well. NewspaperArchive.com
offers strong coverage of the United States from 1772 to the present and provides international content for over 40 countries. Readers should consult with NewspaperArchive.com's newspaper titles
directory page for a complete list of titles and information regarding coverage before making any purchase. NewspaperArchive.com's content will interest a broad range of people and is recommended
for students in higher grade school levels through graduate school and beyond.
Declassified Documents Online: Twentieth-Century British Intelligence, An Intelligence Empire
Authors: Smith Donna B.
Published: July 2021

Gale, a Cengage company, introduces many previously classified documents from The U.K. National Archives in their digital collection Declassified Documents Online: Twentieth-Century British Intelligences: an Intelligence Empire. The archive provides over 500,000 pages of declassified
UK government documents on activities pertinent to British intelligence, decolonization, and security policies from 1905 to 2002. Sourced from five government departments, these unique primary source materials support research in twentieth century history, politics, and international relations
by highlighting British operations in a time of global conflicts and shifting alliances.
The Development of the New Approaches to the Standardization of the Monarda fistulosa L. Herbs
Authors: Kurkin VA , Tsibina AS
Published: July 2021

In the present paper are discussed the results of the study on the development of the new approaches to the standardization of the Monarda fistulosa L. herbs. From the herb of the Monarda fistulosa L. there were isolated for the first time isorhoifolin (apigenin-7-O-rutinoside) and linarin (acacetin-7-O-rutinoside) chemical structures of which there were elucidated by means of 1H-NMR-, 13C-NMR-, UV-spectroscopy, mass spectrometry and results of chemical transformations. It was determined, that the isolated flavonoids cause the spectral characteristics in the UV spectra of the water-ethanolic extracts from the Monarda fistulosa L. herbs. It was substantiated the expediency of the estimation of the total flavonoids in the herbs of Monarda fistulosa L. calculated on isorhoifolin. As results there was development the method of the quantitative determination of the total flavonoids in the herbs of Monarda fistulosa L. by the using of the differential spectrophotometry at an analytical wavelength of 394 nm. It was determined that the content of the total of flavonoids in the raw materials of the studied plant varies from 4.23±0.08% to 7.68±0.12%.
Iodine -A Versatile reagent for Vinylogous Mannich Reaction for the Synthesis of δ-Amino γ-Butenolides and Insilico Evaluation
Authors: C. Nagamani , D. Sherisha , K. Sumalatha , M. Sowjanya
Published: July 2021

A set of δ-amino γ-butenolides (1-5) were synthesised by a novel method using molecular iodine as a catalyst by mannich reaction. The purity and progress of the reaction was assessed by thin layer chromatography and the compounds characterisation was done by IR, proton NMR and mass spectroscopic techniques. Molecular modeling studies for the compounds such as docking was performed for the synthesized butenolides to understand the drug receptor interactions and analyze structural changes when bound to the active site of the receptor. the results showed that the compounds 2 and 3 showed significant interaction with target enzymes.