bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Spatially resolved analysis of microenvironmental gradient impact on cancer cell phenotypes
Authors: Auxillos Jamie , Crouigneau Roxane , Li Yan-Fang , Dai Yifan , Stigliani Arnaud , Tavernaro Isabella , Resch-Genger Ute , Sandelin Albin , Marie Rodolphe , Pedersen Stine F.
Published: May 2024

Despite the physiological and pathophysiological significance of microenvironmental gradients, e.g., for diseases such as cancer, tools for generating such gradients and analyzing their impact are lacking. Here, we present an integrated microfluidic-based workflow that mimics extracellular pH gradients characteristic of solid tumors while enabling high-resolution live imaging of, e.g., cell motility and chemotaxis, and preserving the capacity to capture the spatial transcriptome. Our microfluidic device generates a pH gradient that can be rapidly controlled to mimic spatiotemporal microenvironmental changes over cancer cells embedded in a 3D matrix. The device can be reopened allowing immunofluorescence analysis of selected phenotypes, as well as the transfer of cells and matrix to a Visium slide for spatially resolved analysis of transcriptional changes across the pH gradient. This workflow is easily adaptable to other gradients and multiple cell types and can therefore prove invaluable for integrated analysis of roles of microenvironmental gradients in biology.
Altered X-chromosome inactivation predisposes to autoimmunity
Authors: Huret Christophe , Ferrayé Léa , David Antoine , Mohamed Myriame , Valentin Nicolas , Charlotte Frédéric , Savignac Magali , Goodhardt Michele , Guéry Jean-Charles , Rougeulle Claire , Morey Céline
Published: May 2024

In mammals, males and females show marked differences in immune responses. Males are globally more sensitive to infectious diseases, while females are more susceptible to systemic autoimmunity. X-chromosome inactivation (XCI), the epigenetic mechanism ensuring the silencing of one X in females, may participate in these sex biases. We perturbed the expression of the trigger of XCI, the noncoding RNA
Xist
, in female mice. This resulted in reactivation of genes on the inactive X, including members of the Toll-like receptor 7 (TLR7) signaling pathway, in monocyte/macrophages and dendritic and B cells. Consequently, female mice spontaneously developed inflammatory signs typical of lupus, including anti–nucleic acid autoantibodies, increased frequencies of age-associated and germinal center B cells, and expansion of monocyte/macrophages and dendritic cells. Mechanistically, TLR7 signaling is dysregulated in macrophages, leading to sustained expression of target genes upon stimulation. These findings provide a direct link between maintenance of XCI and female-biased autoimmune manifestations and highlight altered XCI as a cause of autoimmunity.
A T
H
17-intrinsic IL-1β–STAT5 axis drives steroid resistance in autoimmune neuroinflammation
Authors: Miller-Little William A. , Chen Xing , Salazar Vanessa , Liu Caini , Bulek Katarzyna , Zhou Julie Y. , Li Xiao , Stüve Olaf , Stappenbeck Thaddeus , Dubyak George , Zhao Junjie , Li Xiaoxia
Published: May 2024

Steroid resistance poses a major challenge for the management of autoimmune neuroinflammation. T helper 17 (T
H
17) cells are widely implicated in the pathology of steroid resistance; however, the underlying mechanisms are unknown. In this study, we identified that interleukin-1 receptor (IL-1R) blockade rendered experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE) mice sensitive to dexamethasone (Dex) treatment. Interleukin-1β (IL-1β) induced a signal transducer and activator of transcription 5 (STAT5)–mediated steroid-resistant transcriptional program in T
H
17 cells, which promoted inflammatory cytokine production and suppressed Dex-induced anti-inflammatory genes. T
H
17-specific deletion of STAT5 ablated the IL-1β–induced steroid-resistant transcriptional program and rendered EAE mice sensitive to Dex treatment. IL-1β synergized with Dex to promote the STAT5-dependent expression of CD69 and the development of central nervous system (CNS)–resident CD69
+
T
H
17 cells. Combined IL-1R blockade and Dex treatment ablated CNS-resident T
H
17 cells, reduced EAE severity, and prevented relapse. CD69
+
tissue-resident T
H
17 cells were also detected in brain lesions of patients with multiple sclerosis. These findings (i) demonstrate that IL-1β–STAT5 signaling in T
H
17 cells mediates steroid resistance and (ii) identify a therapeutic strategy for reversing steroid resistance in T
H
17-mediated CNS autoimmunity.
The Benjamin Button effect on stem cells: Reversing the clock on aging immunity
Authors: Conde Luciana , Lucas Carolina
Published: May 2024

Antibody-based therapy depletes myeloid-biased hematopoietic stem cells (my-HSCs) to rejuvenate the immune system and improve immune responses in aged mice.
The CpxRA two-component system of adherent and invasive
Escherichia coli
contributes to epithelial cell invasion and early-stage intestinal fitness in a dysbiotic mouse model mediated by type 1 fimbriae expression
Authors: Miki Tsuyoshi , Ito Masahiro , Okada Nobuhiko , Haneda Takeshi
Published: May 2024

Adherent and invasive
Escherichia coli
(AIEC) is a pathobiont that is involved in the onset and exacerbation of Crohn’s disease. Although the inducible expression of virulence traits is a critical step for AIEC colonization in the host, the mechanism underlying AIEC colonization remains largely unclear. We here showed that the two-component signal transduction system CpxRA contributes to AIEC gut competitive colonization by activating type 1 fimbriae expression. CpxRA from AIEC strain LF82 functioned as a transcriptional regulator, as evidenced by our finding that an isogenic
cpxRA
mutant exhibits reduced expression of
cpxP
, a known regulon gene. Transcription levels of
cpxP
in LF82 increased in response to envelope stress, such as exposure to antimicrobials compromising the bacterial membrane, whereas the
cpxRA
mutant did not exhibit this response. Furthermore, we found that the
cpxRA
mutant exhibits less invasiveness into host cells than LF82, primarily due to reduced expression of the type 1 fimbriae. Finally, we found that the
cpxRA
mutant is impaired in gut competitive colonization in a mouse model. The colonization defects were reversed by the introduction of a plasmid encoding the
cpxRA
gene or expressing the type 1 fimbriae. Our findings indicate that modulating CpxRA activity could be a promising approach to regulating AIEC-involved Crohn’s disease.
Inhibitory mechanisms of decoy receptor 3 in cecal ligation and puncture-induced sepsis
Authors: Su Jingqian , Chen Wenzhi , Zhou Fen , Li Rui , Tong Zhiyong , Wu Shun , Ye Zhen , Zhang Yichao , Lin Ben , Yu Xing , Guan Biyun , Feng Zhihua , Chen Kunsen , Chen Qi , Chen Long
Published: May 2024

Despite its high mortality, specific and effective drugs for sepsis are lacking. Decoy receptor 3 (DcR3) is a potential biomarker for the progression of inflammatory diseases. The recombinant human DcR3-Fc chimera protein (DcR3.Fc) suppresses inflammatory responses in mice with sepsis, which is critical for improving survival. The Fc region can exert detrimental effects on the patient, and endogenous peptides are highly conducive to clinical application. However, the mechanisms underlying the effects of DcR3 on sepsis are unknown. Herein, we aimed to demonstrate that DcR3 may be beneficial in treating sepsis and investigated its mechanism of action. Recombinant DcR3 was obtained
in vitro
. Postoperative DcR3 treatment was performed in mouse models of lipopolysaccharide- and cecal ligation and puncture (CLP)-induced sepsis, and their underlying molecular mechanisms were explored. DcR3 inhibited sustained excessive inflammation
in vitro
, increased the survival rate, reduced the proinflammatory cytokine levels, changed the circulating immune cell composition, regulated the gut microbiota, and induced short-chain fatty acid synthesis
in vivo
. Thus, DcR3 protects against CLP-induced sepsis by inhibiting the inflammatory response and apoptosis. Our study provides valuable insights into the molecular mechanisms associated with the protective effects of DcR3 against sepsis, paving the way for future clinical studies.

IMPORTANCE

Sepsis affects millions of hospitalized patients worldwide each year, but there are no sepsis-specific drugs, which makes sepsis therapies urgently needed. Suppression of excessive inflammatory responses is important for improving the survival of patients with sepsis. Our results demonstrate that DcR3 ameliorates sepsis in mice by attenuating systematic inflammation and modulating gut microbiota, and unveil the molecular mechanism underlying its anti-inflammatory effect.
Impact of different mutations on Kelch13 protein levels, ART resistance, and fitness cost in
Plasmodium falciparum
parasites
Authors: Behrens Hannah M. , Schmidt Sabine , Henshall Isabelle G. , López-Barona Patricia , Peigney Domitille , Sabitzki Ricarda , May Jürgen , Maïga-Ascofaré Oumou , Spielmann Tobias
Published: May 2024

Reduced susceptibility to ART, the first-line treatment against malaria, is common in South East Asia (SEA). It is associated with point mutations, mostly in
kelch13
(
k13
) but also in other genes, like
ubp1
. K13 and its compartment neighbors (KICs), including UBP1, are involved in endocytosis of host cell cytosol. We tested 135 mutations in KICs but none conferred ART resistance. Double mutations of
k13
C580Y with
k13
R539T or
k13
C580Y with
ubp1
R3138H, did also not increase resistance. In contrast,
k13
C580Y parasites subjected to consecutive RSAs did, but the
k13
sequence was not altered. Using isogenic parasites with different
k13
mutations, we found correlations between K13 protein amount, resistance, and fitness cost. Titration of K13 and KIC7 indicated that the cellular levels of these proteins determined resistance through the rate of endocytosis. While fitness cost of
k13
mutations correlated with ART resistance,
ubp1
R3138H caused a disproportionately higher fitness cost.

IMPORTANCE

Parasites with lowered sensitivity to artemisinin-based drugs are becoming widespread. However, even in these “resistant” parasites not all parasites survive treatment. We found that the proportion of surviving parasites correlates with the fitness cost of resistance-inducing mutations which might indicate that the growth disadvantages prevents resistance levels where all parasites survive treatment. We also found that combining two common resistance mutations did not increase resistance levels. However, selection through repeated ART-exposure did, even-though the known resistance genes, including
k13
, were not further altered, suggesting other causes of increased resistance. We also observed a disproportionally high fitness cost of a resistance mutation in resistance gene
ubp1
. Such high fitness costs may explain why mutations in
ubp1
and other genes functioning in the same pathway as
k13
are rare. This highlights that
k13
mutations are unique in their ability to cause resistance at a comparably low fitness cost.
Novel pentafluorosulfanyl-containing triclocarban analogs selectively kill Gram-positive bacteria
Authors: Pormohammad Ali , Moradi Melika , Hommes Josefien W. , Pujol Eugènia , Naesens Lieve , Vázquez Santiago , Surewaard Bas G. J. , Zarei Mohammad , Vazquez-Carrera Manuel , Turner Raymond J.
Published: May 2024

Novel antimicrobial agents are needed to combat antimicrobial resistance. This study tested novel pentafluorosulfanyl-containing triclocarban analogs for their potential antibacterial efficacy. Standard procedures were used to produce pentafluorosulfanyl-containing triclocarban analogs. Twenty new compounds were tested against seven Gram-positive and Gram-negative indicator strains as well as 10 clinical isolates for their antibacterial and antibiofilm activity. Mechanistic investigations focused on damage to cell membrane, oxidizing reduced thiols, iron-sulfur clusters, and oxidative stress to explain the compounds’ activity. Safety profiles were assessed using cytotoxicity experiments in eukaryotic cell lines. Following screening, selected components had significantly better antibacterial and antibiofilm activity against Gram-positive bacteria in lower concentrations in comparison to ciprofloxacin and gentamycin. For instance, one compound had a minimum inhibitory concentration of <0.0003 mM, but ciprofloxacin had 0.08 mM. Mechanistic studies show that these novel compounds do not affect reduced thiol content, iron-sulfur clusters, or hydrogen peroxide pathways. Their impact comes from Gram-positive bacterial cell membrane damage. Tests on cell culture toxicity and host component safety showed promise. Novel diarylurea compounds show promise as Gram-positive antimicrobials. These compounds offer prospects for study and optimization.

IMPORTANCE

The rise of antibiotic resistance among bacterial pathogens poses a significant threat to global health, underscoring the urgent need for novel antimicrobial agents. This study presents research on a promising class of novel compounds with potent antibacterial properties against Gram-positive bacteria, notably
Staphylococcus aureus
and
MRSA
. What sets these novel analogs apart is their superior efficacy at substantially lower concentrations compared with commonly used antibiotics like ciprofloxacin and gentamycin. Importantly, these compounds act by disrupting the bacterial cell membrane, offering a unique mechanism that could potentially circumvent existing resistance mechanisms. Preliminary safety assessments also highlight their potential for therapeutic use. This study not only opens new avenues for combating antibiotic-resistant infections but also underscores the importance of innovative chemical approaches in addressing the global antimicrobial resistance crisis.
Tracking antimicrobial resistance transmission in urban and rural communities in Bangladesh: a One Health study of genomic diversity of ESBL-producing and carbapenem-resistant
Escherichia coli
Authors: Flatgard Brandon M. , Williams Alexander D. , Amin Mohammed Badrul , Hobman Jon L. , Stekel Dov J. , Rousham Emily K. , Islam Mohammad Aminul
Published: May 2024

Antimicrobial resistance (AMR) poses a significant threat to global health and sustainable development goals, especially in low- and middle-income countries (LMICs). This study aimed to understand the transmission of AMR between poultry, humans, and the environment in Bangladesh using a One Health approach. We analyzed the whole genome sequences (WGS) of 117 extended-spectrum β-lactamase-producing
Escherichia coli
(ESBL-Ec) isolates, with 46 being carbapenem resistant. These isolates were obtained from human (
n
= 20) and poultry feces (
n
= 12), as well as proximal environments (wastewater) (
n
= 85) of three different study sites, including rural households (
n
= 48), rural poultry farms (
n
= 20), and urban wet markets (
n
= 49). The WGS of ESBL-Ec isolates were compared with 58 clinical isolates from global databases. No significant differences in antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs) were observed in ESBL-Ec isolated from humans with and without exposure to poultry. Environmental isolates showed higher ARG diversity than human and poultry isolates. No clonal transmission between poultry and human isolates was found, but wastewater was a reservoir for ESBL-Ec for both. Except for one human isolate, all ESBL-Ec isolates were distinct from clinical isolates. Most isolates (77.8%) carried at least one plasmid replicon type, with IncFII being the most prevalent. IncFIA was predominant in human isolates, while IncFII, Col(MG828), and p0111 were common in poultry. We observed putative sharing of ARG-carrying plasmids among isolates, mainly from wastewater. However, in most cases, bacterial isolates sharing plasmids were also clonally related, suggesting clonal spread was more probable than just plasmid transfer.

IMPORTANCE

Our study underscores that wastewater discharged from households and wet markets carries antibiotic-resistant organisms from both human and animal sources. Thus, direct disposal of wastewater into the environment not only threatens human health but also endangers food safety by facilitating the spread of antimicrobial resistance (AMR) to surface water, crops, vegetables, and subsequently to food-producing animals. In regions with intensive poultry production heavily reliant on the prophylactic use of antibiotics, compounded by inadequate waste management systems, such as Bangladesh, the ramifications are particularly pronounced. Wastewater serves as a pivotal juncture for the dissemination of antibiotic-resistant organisms and functions as a pathway through which strains of human and animal origin can infiltrate the environment and potentially colonize new hosts. Further research is needed to thoroughly characterize wastewater isolates/populations and understand their potential impact on interconnected environments, communities, and wildlife.
Visualization of the Magnetic Domain Structure in FeBO3 and Fe0.94Ga0.06BO3 Single Crystals by Synchrotron X-Ray Topography
Authors: Snegirev N. I. , Kulikov A. G. , Lyubutin I. S. , Seregin A. Yu. , Yagupov S. V. , Strugatsky M. B.
Published: May 2024

The method and experimental cell for the X-ray diffraction diagnostic of crystalline materials exposed to magnetic fields have been described. It has been shown that the application of even weak magnetic fields (about several Oersteds) allows one to significantly reduce the diffraction contrast on X-ray topograms of FeBO3 and Fe0.94Ga0.06BO3 single crystals, which is due to a nonuniform distribution of magnetostriction strains, and thereby to improve the degree of their structural perfection. The magnetic domain structure of Fe1 –xGaxBO3 solid solution single crystals has been visualized. It has been found that small concentrations of diamagnetic Ga ions do not significantly change the configuration of domain walls in FeBO3-based crystals.
Large birth mark and unilateral swelling of the lower extremity in a young teenager
Authors: Foster Michael , Roy Aparna , Kumar Gurinder
Published: May 2024

We describe an early adolescent male who was diagnosed with vascular malformation associated with unilateral limb overgrowth based on the clinical findings of a persistent port-wine stain since birth and gradually progressing right lower limb oedema since early childhood. Clinicians should keep in mind to clinically evaluate such malformations in detail, as well as contemplate genetic testing in patients presenting with a large port-wine stain at birth, particularly if well demarcated and lateral in a lower extremity.
Considerations for the use of inhaled antibiotics forPseudomonas aeruginosain people with cystic fibrosis receiving CFTR modulator therapy
Authors: Burgel Pierre-Régis , Ballmann Manfred , Drevinek Pavel , Heijerman Harry , Jung Andreas , Mainz Jochen G , Peckham Daniel , Plant Barry J , Schwarz Carsten , Taccetti Giovanni , Smyth Alan
Published: May 2024

The major cause of mortality in people with cystic fibrosis (pwCF) is progressive lung disease characterised by acute and chronic infections, the accumulation of mucus, airway inflammation, structural damage and pulmonary exacerbations. The prevalence ofPseudomonas aeruginosarises rapidly in the teenage years, and this organism is the most common cause of chronic lung infection in adults with cystic fibrosis (CF). It is associated with an accelerated decline in lung function and premature death. NewP. aeruginosainfections are treated with antibiotics to eradicate the organism, while chronic infections require long-term inhaled antibiotic therapy. The prevalence ofP. aeruginosainfections has decreased in CF registries since the introduction of CF transmembrane conductance regulator modulators (CFTRm), but clinical observations suggest that chronicP. aeruginosainfections usually persist in patients receiving CFTRm. This indicates that pwCF may still need inhaled antibiotics in the CFTRm era to maintain long-term control ofP. aeruginosainfections. Here, we provide an overview of the changing perceptions ofP. aeruginosainfection management, including considerations on detection and treatment, the therapy burden associated with inhaled antibiotics and the potential effects of CFTRm on the lung microbiome. We conclude that updated guidance is required on the diagnosis and management ofP. aeruginosainfection. In particular, we highlight a need for prospective studies to evaluate the consequences of stopping inhaled antibiotic therapy in pwCF who have chronicP. aeruginosainfection and are receiving CFTRm. This will help inform new guidelines on the use of antibiotics alongside CFTRm.
SMARCA4alterations in non-small cell lung cancer: a systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Wankhede Durgesh , Grover Sandeep , Hofman Paul
Published: May 2024

Aims

A mutation in theSMARCA4gene which encodes BRG1, a common catalytic subunit of switch/sucrose non-fermentable chromatin-remodelling complexes, plays a vital role in carcinogenesis.SMARCA4mutations are present in approximately 10% of non-small cell lung cancers (NSCLC), making it a crucial gene in NSCLC, but with varying prognostic associations. To explore this, we conducted a systematic review and meta-analysis on the prognostic significance ofSMARCA4mutations in NSCLC.

Methods

Electronic database search was performed from inception to December 2022. Study characteristics and prognostic data were extracted from each eligible study. Depending on heterogeneity, pooled HR and 95% CI were derived using the random-effects or fixed-effects models.

Results

8 studies (11 cohorts) enrolling 8371 patients were eligible for inclusion. Data on overall survival (OS) and progression-free survival (PFS) were available from 8 (10 cohorts) and 1 (3 cohorts) studies, respectively. ComparingSMARCA4-mutated NSCLC patients withSMARCA4-wild-type NSCLC patients, the summary HRs for OS and PFS were 1.49 (95% CI 1.18 to 1.87; I2=84%) and 3.97 (95% CI 1.32 to 11.92; I2=79%), respectively. The results from the trim-and-fill method for publication bias and sensitivity analysis were inconsistent with the primary analyses. Three studies reported NSCLC prognosis for category I and II mutations separately; category I was significantly associated with OS.

Conclusion

Our findings suggest thatSMARCA4mutation negatively affects NSCLC OS and PFS. The prognostic effects ofSMARCA4-co-occurring mutations and the predictive role ofSMARCA4mutation status in immunotherapy require further exploration.
Geostress-associated settlements of a raft-foundation building due to shield tunnelling in soft ground
Authors: Zhang Tianqi , Li Zhenkun , Wang Ruikun , Zheng Gang , Lei Huayang , Fan Qi
Published: May 2024

The stress state of soil may affect the building settlements induced by tunnelling, which, however, has not been well understood. In this study, three dimensional numerical analyses combined with in situ measurements were performed to investigate the geostress-associated settlements of a raft-foundation building due to tunnelling in soft ground. Basically, two types of geostress fields were investigated: the first type considered the effect of additional stress generated in the foundation soil (FAS) due to building weight, while in the second type, a sequential twin tunnelling was presumed, and the effect of additional soil stress induced by the first tunnel (TAS) on the building response to the second tunnel was considered. The results indicated that FAS may aggravate the stress release of the foundation soil, and thus gave rise to a larger building settlement or inclination. In the sequential tunnelling process, the effect of TAS can be more complex: when the first tunnel lowered the stress of foundation soil, TAS effect of the first tunnel may help reduce the building settlements induced by the second tunnel; otherwise, it may aggravate building settlements. In addition to TAS effect, the sheltering effect was also found to play an important part in twin tunnelling.
On polynomial completeness properties of finite Mal’cev algebras
Authors: Rossi Bernardo
Published: May 2024

Polynomial completeness results aim at characterizing those functions that are induced by polynomials. Each polynomial function is congruence preserving, but the opposite need not be true. A finite algebraic structure [Formula: see text] is called strictly 1-affine complete if every unary partial function from a subset of A to A that preserves the congruences of [Formula: see text] can be interpolated by a polynomial function of [Formula: see text]. The problem of characterizing strictly 1-affine complete finite Mal’cev algebras is still open. In this paper, we extend the characterization by Aichinger and Idziak of strictly 1-affine complete expanded groups to finite congruence regular Mal’cev algebras.
Characterizing Colored Noise Time Series Patterns with Deep Learning Models
Authors: Barauna Luan O. , Rosa Reinaldo R. , Wuensche Carlos A. , Sautter Rubens A. , de Santiago Júnior Valdivino A. , Shiguemori Elcio H. , Padua Marcelo B.
Published: May 2024

Motivated by the unpredictability of stochastic time series, this paper presents an alternative deep learning approach to characterize long-term stochastic fluctuation patterns. The proposed approach considers different deep neural networks (DNNs) carefully applied to [Formula: see text] noise time series. The predictive characterization of different noise patterns is determined by the respective spectral index [Formula: see text], which works as a regression-based training attribute. The study is based on synthetic canonical colored noises (white: [Formula: see text], pink: [Formula: see text], red: [Formula: see text]) and also turbulent-like pattern with [Formula: see text]. Five DNNs are used for training based on the spectral patterns of each noise class. A new Fast Fourier Transform centric loss function for training different DNNs models drives hyperparameter exploration for each model using the optuna python package, resulting in 2560 well-established unique Deep Learning Models (DLMs) for the presented methodology. The results show that a predictive characterization of the fluctuation pattern of a stochastic time series is feasible when stochastic fluctuation is the main pattern to be addressed. Considering future applications in radio astronomy, method performance and results are interpreted and discussed in a data science context.
Products of distributions in Colombeau algebra
Authors: Miteva Marija , Lazarova Limonka Koceva , Zlatanovska Biljana , Stojkovikj Natasha
Published: May 2024

In this paper, we evaluate some products of distributions in Colombeau algebra of generalized functions. In the classical theory of Schwartz distributions, multiplication of distributions is not defined for two arbitrary singular distributions. The properties of the Colombeau algebra allow us to calculate products of singular distributions which are not defined in the classical theory. The notion of association in Colombeau algebra of generalized functions allows us the results obtained in this way to be considered as products in the classical theory of distributions. The definition of the Colombeau product of distributions can be considered as generalization of their classical product in Schwartz theory.
Ultrafast laser pulses generation by using the ultrasmall topological semimetal TaN quantum dots
Authors: Huang Mingtao , Long Hui , Tao Lili , Wen Min Ru , Dong Hua Feng , Wu Fu Gen , Chen Li
Published: May 2024

The synthesis of ultrasmall tantalum mononitride (TaN) quantum dots (QDs) is achieved using a straightforward liquid exfoliation technique, starting from bulk TaN. This work presents the evidence of generating an ultrafast laser by employing TaN QDs as a saturable absorber (SA) within an Erbium-doped fiber laser for the first time. Stable ultrashort pulses are generated, exhibiting a center wavelength of 1566.92 nm, a pulse duration of 713 fs, and a cavity repetition rate of 41.39 MHz. Furthermore, the utilization of TaN QDs as an SA in the device exhibits good nonlinear saturable absorption properties with a modulation depth of 1.37%. Those results presented in this study add to the existing literature on the investigation of nonlinear optical characteristics of ultrasmall QDs and also highlight the potential for future development in ultrafast photonic technology.
First Zagreb index and edge-vertex domination in trees
Authors: Naresh Kumar H. , Senthilkumar B. , Balachandran S. , Venkatakrishnan Y. B.
Published: May 2024

Let [Formula: see text] be a simple connected graph. The first Zagreb index denoted by [Formula: see text] is defined as [Formula: see text]. We present a lower bound for [Formula: see text] in terms of order and edge-vertex domination number for trees and characterized the extremal trees attaining the bound.
Conference Reports
Authors: Dennis Louise A.
Published: May 2024

This section is compiled from reports of recent events sponsored or run in cooperation with ACM SIGAI. In general these reports were written and submitted by the conference organisers.
View-Independent Adjoint Light Tracing for Lighting Design Optimization
Authors: Lipp Lukas , Hahn David , Ecormier-Nocca Pierre , Rist Florian , Wimmer Michael
Published: May 2024

Differentiable rendering methods promise the ability to optimize various parameters of three-dimensional (3D) scenes to achieve a desired result. However, lighting design has so far received little attention in this field. In this article, we introduce a method that enables continuous optimization of the arrangement of luminaires in a 3D scene via differentiable light tracing. Our experiments show two major issues when attempting to apply existing methods from differentiable path tracing to this problem: First, many rendering methods produce images, which restricts the ability of a designer to define lighting objectives to image space. Second, most previous methods are designed for scene geometry or material optimization and have not been extensively tested for the case of optimizing light sources. Currently available differentiable ray-tracing methods do not provide satisfactory performance, even on fairly basic test cases in our experience. In this article, we propose, to the best of our knowledge, a novel adjoint light tracing method that overcomes these challenges and enables gradient-based lighting design optimization in a view-independent (camera-free) way. Thus, we allow the user to paint illumination targets directly onto the 3D scene or use existing baked illumination data (e.g., light maps). Using modern ray-tracing hardware, we achieve interactive performance. We find light tracing advantageous over path tracing in this setting, as it naturally handles irregular geometry, resulting in less noise and improved optimization convergence. We compare our adjoint gradients to state-of-the-art image-based differentiable rendering methods. We also demonstrate that our gradient data works with various common optimization algorithms, providing good convergence behaviour. Qualitative comparisons with real-world scenes underline the practical applicability of our method.
Virtual Reality in Digital Education: An Affordance Network Perspective on Effective Use Behavior
Authors: Fromm Jennifer , Stieglitz Stefan , Mirbabaie Milad
Published: May 2024

Virtual reality promises high potential as an immersive, hands-on learning tool for training 21st-century skills. However, previous research revealed that the mere use of digital tools in higher education does not automatically translate into learning outcomes. Instead, information systems studies emphasized the importance of effective use behavior to achieve technology usage goals. Applying the affordance network approach, we investigated what constitutes effective usage behavior regarding a virtual reality collaboration system in digital education. Therefore, we conducted 18 interviews with students and observations of six course sessions. The results uncover how affordance actualization contributed to the achievement of learning goals. A comparison with findings of previous studies on other information systems (i.e., electronic medical record systems, big data analytics, fitness wearables) allowed us to highlight system-specific differences in effective use behavior. We also demonstrated a clear distinction between concepts surrounding effective use theory facilitating the application of the affordance network approach in information systems research.
Prediction of Dynamic Ni Morphology Changes in Patterned Ni-YSZ Anode with Physics-Informed Neural Networks
Authors: Tao Junyi , Sciazko Anna , Onishi Junya , Ouyang Zhufeng , Komatsu Yosuke , Nishimura Katsuhiko , Shikazono Naoki
Published: May 2024

Nickel (Ni) film on patterned Ni- yttria-stabilized zirconia (YSZ) anode shows dynamic spreading and splitting during solid oxide fuel cell (SOFC) operation, where wettability of Ni on YSZ is greatly enhanced (Z. Jiao, N. Shikazono, J. Power Sources 396 119–123, 2018). In the present study, a physics-informed neural network (PINN) constrained by Cahn-Hilliard equation of phase field model is proposed to estimate the unknown parameters for predicting dynamic Ni movements of the patterned Ni-YSZ anode. The unknown parameters such as interface thickness and mobility are inversely inferred by PINN using top-view images obtained from the operando experiments. Obtained excess surface diffusivity values were three to four orders of magnitude larger than the values reported for surface diffusion in the literature. It is therefore considered that Ni spreading and splitting of patterned anode cannot be simply explained by surface diffusion, and other mechanisms should be introduced.
Isoproterenol improves hemodynamics and right ventricle-pulmonary artery coupling after heart transplantation
Authors: Levy David , Saura Ouriel , Lucenteforte Manuela , Collado Lledó Elena , Demondion Pierre , Hammoudi Nadjib , Assouline Benjamin , Petit Matthieu , Gautier Melchior , Le Fevre Lucie , Pineton de Chambrun Marc , Coutance Guillaume , Berg Elodie , Chommeloux Juliette , Schmidt Matthieu , Luyt Charles-Edouard , Lebreton Guillaume , Leprince Pascal , Hékimian Guillaume , Combes Alain
Published: May 2024

This study offers a detailed and comprehensive hemodynamic investigation at the bedside, illustrating the favorable impact of isoproterenol on right ventricular-pulmonary arterial coupling and global hemodynamics. It elucidates the physiological effects of an underused inotropic strategy in a critical clinical scenario. By enhancing cardiac hemodynamics, isoproterenol has the potential to expedite right ventricular recovery and mitigate primary graft dysfunction, thereby reducing the duration of mechanical support and intensive care unit stay posttransplantation.
Activation of the nonneuronal cholinergic cardiac system by hypoxic preconditioning protects isolated adult cardiomyocytes from hypoxia/reoxygenation injury
Authors: Braczko Felix , Fischl Sara Romina , Reinders Jörg , Lieder Helmut Raphael , Kleinbongard Petra
Published: May 2024

The intracardiac nervous system is considered to be involved in ischemic conditioning’s cardioprotection through the release of acetylcholine (ACh). However, we demonstrate that hypoxic preconditioning (HPC) protects from hypoxia/reoxygenation injury and increases intra- and extracellular ACh during hypoxia in isolated adult ventricular rat cardiomyocytes. HPC’s protection involves cardiomyocyte muscarinic and nicotinic ACh receptor activation. Thus, besides the intracardiac nervous system, a nonneuronal cholinergic cardiac system may also be causally involved in cardiomyocyte protection by ischemic conditioning.
Early Postnatal Care Utilization and Associated Factors Among Women Who Give Birth in the Last Six Weeks in Hosanna Town, Southern Ethiopia, 2022
Authors: Worku Sintayehu , Dheresa Merga , Ali Tilahun , Lodebo Mengistu
Published: May 2024

Background: The early postnatal period is defined as the first 48 h to 7 days after delivery. The early postnatal visit is especially the most critical time for the survival of mothers and newborns, particularly through early detection and management of postpartum complications. Despite the benefits, most mothers and newborns do not receive early postnatal care services from healthcare providers during the critical first few days after delivery.Objectives: This study is aimed at assessing the prevalence of early postnatal care utilization and associated factors among mothers who gave birth within the last 6 weeks in Hosanna town, Southern Ethiopia, from April 20 to May 30, 2022.Method: A community-based cross-sectional study was conducted in Hadiya Zone, Hosanna town, Southern Ethiopia. A simple random sample technique was used to recruit 403 mothers who had given birth in the previous 6 weeks from a family folder. Data was collected through face-to-face interviews using a standardized questionnaire. Binary logistic regression was used to assess the association between outcomes and explanatory variables, and the strength of the association was interpreted using an odds ratio with a 95% confidence interval. In our study, p values of 0.05 were considered statistically significant.Results: The prevalence of early postnatal care utilization among mothers who gave birth within 1 week of the study area was 25.8% (95% CI: 21.7–30.0). No formal and primary educational level of husband (AOR=0.05, 95% CI: [0.02, 0.16]), antenatal care follow-up (AOR=2.13, 95% CI: [1.11, 4.1]), length of hospital stay before discharge (≥24 h) (AOR=0.3, 95% CI: [0.16, 0.55]), and information about early postnatal care utilization (AOR=3.08, 95% CI: [1.72, 5.52]) were factors significantly associated with early postnatal care utilization.Conclusion: In comparison to World Health Organization standards, the study’s overall prevalence of early postnatal care utilization was low. Early postnatal care use was significantly associated with antenatal care follow-up, the husband’s educational level, knowledge of early postnatal care use, and length of stay at the health institution following birth. As a result, the strength of health facilities is to improve service provision, information education, and communication.
Online Energy-Aware Scheduling for Deadline-Constrained Applications in Distributed Heterogeneous Systems
Authors: Liu Yifan , Du Chengelie , Chen Jinchao , Du Xiaoyan
Published: May 2024

In the current computing environment, the significance of distributed heterogeneous systems has gained prominence. The research on scheduling problems in distributed systems that consider energy consumption has garnered substantial attention due to its potential to enhance system stability, achieve energy savings, and contribute to environmental preservation. However, efficient scheduling in such systems necessitates not only the consideration of energy consumption but also the ability to adapt to the dynamic nature of the system. To tackle these challenges, we propose an online energy-aware scheduling algorithm for deadline-constrained applications in distributed heterogeneous systems, leveraging dynamic voltage and frequency scaling (DVFS) techniques. First, the algorithm models the continuously arriving applications and heterogeneous processors and proposes a novel task-sorting method to prioritize tasks, ensuring that more applications are completed within their respective deadlines. Second, the algorithm controls the selection range of processors based on the task’s subdeadline and assigns the task to the processor with the minimum energy consumption. Through experiments conducted with randomly generated applications, our approach consistently exhibits superior performance when compared to similar scheduling algorithms.
Preliminary Screening for the Anthelmintic Activity of Millettia zechiana Harms and Its Modifying Effect on Albendazole
Authors: Asiamah Michael Asah , Agana Theresa Appiah , Boakye Yaw Duah , Agyare Christian , Adu Francis
Published: May 2024

Helminthic infections affect a greater proportion of the world’s population. This study determined the anthelmintic activity of Millettia zechiana and its modifying effect on albendazole. Powdered leaves of M. zechiana were successively extracted with petroleum ether, ethyl acetate, and ethanol. The anthelmintic potential of the M. zechiana leaf extracts and the modifying effects of the extracts on albendazole were determined on Pheretima posthuma. Phytochemical and gas chromatography-mass spectroscopy (GC-MS) analyses were performed to determine the chemical composition of each extract. The plant extracts of M. zechiana had few or all phytoconstituents such as tannins, saponins, flavonoids, glycosides, terpenoids, phytosterols, and alkaloids present. The IC50 obtained for albendazole, petroleum ether, ethyl acetate, and ethanol extracts for paralysis time were 0.936, 1.722, 1.283, and 1.348 mg/mL, respectively. The IC50 obtained for albendazole and the ethanol extract for death time were 4.638 and 4.988 mg/mL. The ethanol extract at 10 and 5 mg/mL caused death in the worms after 152.5±8.66 minutes and 304.8±7.27 minutes of exposure, respectively. Ethanol, ethyl acetate, and petroleum ether extracts of M. zechiana significantly modified the activity of albendazole at concentrations of 2.5 and 1.25 mg/mL (P<0.0001). The ethanol extract which exhibited the best anthelminthic activity was fractionated through column chromatography, and five (5) fractions were obtained. Fractions 1, 2, 4, and 5 had the best paralytic activities against the worms. Fractions 1 and 2 demonstrated better helminthicidal activity than albendazole, which had an IC50 of 3.915. The GC-MS analysis of the ethanol, ethyl acetate, and petroleum ether extracts showed the presence of 10, 10, and 37 compounds, respectively, with 9-octadecenamide, (Z)-, n-hexadecanoic acid, oleic acid, and some aromatic compounds being the most predominant. The results obtained indicate that M. zechiana leaf extract possesses anthelmintic activity.
Non-O1, Non-O139 Vibrio cholerae Bacteremia in an Autoimmune Pancreatitis Patient
Authors: Gu Cheng-Jing , Ding Ming-Dong , Zhou Da-Ming , Li Jie , Yu Wen-Qing , Yang Yong-Lin
Published: May 2024

Over 200 different serogroups of Vibrio cholerae based on O-polysaccharide specificity have been described worldwide, including the two most important serogroups, O1 and O139. Non-O1/non-O139 V. cholerae serogroups generally do not produce the cholera-causing toxin but do sporadically cause gastroenteritis and extra-intestinal infections. Recently, however, bloodstream infections caused by non-O1/non-O139 V. cholerae are being increasingly reported, and these infections are associated with high mortality in immunocompromised hosts. We describe a case of non-O1/non-O139 V. cholerae bacteremia in a patient with autoimmune pancreatitis and stenosis of the intra- and extrahepatic bile ducts. The clinical manifestations of bacteremia were fever and mild digestive symptoms. The blood cultures showed V. cholerae, which was identified as a non-O1, non-O139 serogroup by slide agglutination tests and PCR. The bloodstream infection of the patient was likely caused by the consumption of contaminated seafood at a banquet. The patient recovered after the administration of a third-generation cephalosporin. Non-O1/non-O139 V. cholerae infection presents with or without gastrointestinal manifestations; close attention should be paid to the possibility of disseminated non-O1/non-O139 V. cholerae infection in high-risk patients.
Sorbitol Destroyed Intestinal Microfold Cells (M Cells) Development through Inhibition of PDE4-Mediated RANKL Expression
Authors: Xiang Li , Pan Wenxu , Chen Huan , Du Wenjun , Xie Shuping , Liang Xinhua , Yang Fangying , Niu Rongwei , Huang Canxin , Luo Minan , Xu Yuxin , Geng Lanlan , Gong Sitang , Xu Wanfu , Zhao Junhong
Published: May 2024

Objective. Microfold cells (M cells) are specific intestinal epithelial cells for monitoring and transcytosis of antigens, microorganisms, and pathogens in the intestine. However, the mechanism for M-cell development remained elusive. Materials and Methods. Real-time polymerase chain reaction, immunofluorescence, and western blotting were performed to analyze the effect of sorbitol-regulated M-cell differentiation in vivo and in vitro, and luciferase and chromatin Immunoprecipitation were used to reveal the mechanism through which sorbitol-modulated M-cell differentiation. Results. Herein, in comparison to the mannitol group (control group), we found that intestinal M-cell development was inhibited in response to sorbitol treatment as evidenced by impaired enteroids accompanying with decreased early differentiation marker Annexin 5, Marcksl1, Spib, sox8, and mature M-cell marker glycoprotein 2 expression, which was attributed to downregulation of receptor activator of nuclear factor kappa-В ligand (RANKL) expression in vivo and in vitro. Mechanically, in the M-cell model, sorbitol stimulation caused a significant upregulation of phosphodiesterase 4 (PDE4) phosphorylation, leading to decreased protein kinase A (PKA)/cAMP-response element binding protein (CREB) activation, which further resulted in CREB retention in cytosolic and attenuated CREB binds to RANKL promoter to inhibit RANKL expression. Interestingly, endogenous PKA interacted with CREB, and this interaction was destroyed by sorbitol stimulation. Most importantly, inhibition of PDE4 by dipyridamole could rescue the inhibitory effect of sorbitol on intestinal enteroids and M-cell differentiation and mature in vivo and in vitro. Conclusion. These findings suggested that sorbitol suppressed intestinal enteroids and M-cell differentiation and matured through PDE4-mediated RANKL expression; targeting to inhibit PDE4 was sufficient to induce M-cell development.
Burnout and Life Satisfaction among Healthcare Workers Related to the COVID‐19 Pandemic (Silesia, Poland)
Authors: Łaskawiec-Żuławińska Daria , Grajek Mateusz , Krupa-Kotara Karolina , Szlacheta Patryk , Karacan Hasan , Roszak Mateusz , Łabuz-Roszak Beata , Korzonek-Szlacheta Ilona
Published: May 2024

Background. The phenomenon of burnout among healthcare workers during the COVID‐19 pandemic is a widespread problem with several negative consequences for the healthcare system. The many stressors of the pandemic have led to an increased development of anxiety and depressive disorders in many healthcare workers. In addition, some manifested symptoms of the so‐called postpandemic stress syndrome and the emergence of occupational burnout syndrome, commonly referred to as “COVID‐19 burnout.” The aim of this study was to assess the burnout and life satisfaction of healthcare workers during the COVID‐19 pandemic. Materials and Methods. The study was conducted in 2020‐2022 among medical staff working in hospitals in Silesia, Poland. The instruments used to assess life satisfaction and burnout were the Satisfaction with Life Scale (SWLS) and the Maslach Burnout Inventory (MBI), which assesses three dimensions: emotional exhaustion (EE), depersonalisation (DEP), and sense of reduced professional accomplishment (SRPA). Results. The study group included 900 participants. There were 300 physicians (mean age 38 ± 7 years), 300 nurses (mean age 35 ± 6 years), and 300 paramedics (mean age 31 ± 5 years). Life satisfaction as measured by the SWLS was lowest among nurses and paramedics in 2021 and among doctors in 2022. Male respondents and those with fewer years of work had higher levels of life satisfaction. People with more years of work had higher scores in EE and DEP and lower scores in SRPA (p = 0.001). We found a negative correlation between life satisfaction and EE (p = 0.001), DEP (p = 0.001), and SRPA (p = 0.002). Conclusions. The results highlight the need for further research into the causes of burnout among medical professionals and the need for effective interventions to promote well‐being and prevent burnout in this group.