bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
With the Help of Nature: Kahn, the Wood House and the Culture of Stewardship
Authors: Fearon Andrew
Published: April 2021

Louis I. Kahn's attitude toward materials was expressed in his documented preference to allow exterior wood siding to be left unfinished and weather to a silver grey. Influenced by vernacular architecture of the American rural landscape, this natural treatment has proved a challenge for stewards, as exposure to the elements is gradually destructive. Like many works of the Modern Movement that retain their original siding, Kahn’s wood-clad structures stand at a critical crossroads where the architect’s intent and retention of fabric converge. A selected group of Kahn’s residential works are examined with respect to the architect’s employment of wood, the inherent conditions of each and the conservation efforts that are evolving in response.
Isokon Furniture — Modernist Dreams in Plywood
Authors: Englund Magnus
Published: April 2021

The Isokon Furniture Company was never commercially successful, yet its legacy has stubbornly refused to die and disappear. Even today, this radical collection of plywood furniture is manufactured and used. The main reason is of course the names associated with it: Jack Pritchard, Wells Coates, Marcel Breuer, Walter Gropius, László Moholy-Nagy and – more recently – Edward Barber & Jay Osgerby. The genius little Isokon Penguin Donkey, first designed by the Austrian émigré architect Egon Riss in 1939 and marketed by publisher Allen Lane’s then new imprint Penguin Books, is particularly popular with younger generations of design students.
Conservation or Change for Works of the Modern Movement
Authors: Dunnett James
Published: April 2021

The Modern Movement in architecture, in so far as any such movement can be defined, was predicated on the idea that architecture had to change to reflect the radical technological advances that had occurred during the century preceding its formulation, and also to reflect the changing social needs that those advances had generated. Architecture, it was felt, had ossified and lost vitality as a result of not recognizing those changes. A century has now passed since the Modern Movement first formulated this program, and technical advances and the social changes they induce have of course by no means ceased, rather they have accelerated. So, it seems legitimate to say that a technologically – and socially – determined architecture should reflect these further advances and changes. The evolution continues. But does that mean that each Modern Movement building created at a particular point in that evolution has in itself to continue to change in order to “catch up” with the evolution subsequent to its creation? It is a question that has importance when it comes to considering the conservation of Modern Movement architecture. It is an assertion that would ignore the formal element in architecture.
Managing Expectations – Contemporary Design Culture, Conservation and the Transformation of The Richards Laboratories
Authors: Fixler David N.
Published: April 2021

Louis I. Kahn’s Richards Laboratories at the University of Pennsylvania are a paradoxical building. At the same time that they perhaps represent the epitome of Kahn's literal expression of structure and material hierarchy, servant and served spaces and the role of mechanical systems in determining architectural form, these powerful ideas never came together programmatically to enable a fully functional, complete work of architecture. This paper describes the quest to solve the functional conundrum and technical shortcomings of Richards, to bring the architecture and program closer together. Through a synthesis combining transformation — a significant change in use that allowed the opening of the laboratory floors to the unique light and views that were always latent in the promise of Kahn’s essential architectural idea — and rehabilitation, where the best aspects of Richards — the glazed, vitrine-like facades and the beautiful logic of the building services distribution, were renovated for enhanced performance, Kahn’s original architectural vision and present function were able to be successfully reconciled.
Conserving the Teak Window Wall Assemblies at the Salk Institute for Biological Studies
Authors: Lardinois Sara , Normandin Kyle
Published: April 2021

In 2013 the Salk Institute for Biological Studies partnered with the Getty Conservation Institute (GCI) to commence development of a conservation program for the long-term care of the teak window walls. Phase 1 of the program included preliminary historic research and an assessment of significance, surveys and investigative inspection openings, wood and fungus identification, and analyses of past surface treatments. Guidelines were then developed based on three treatment approaches, ranging from in situ cleaning and treatment, to selective repairs, and finally in-kind replacement of teak wood. In Phase 2 of the work, the GCI and Wiss, Janney, Elstner Associates, Inc. (WJE) developed a trial mock-up program to assess the protocols of the three treatments. This article will review the overarching goal of the treatment approaches, integrating conservation and repair needs with select modifications to the window detailing to improve long-term performance, including surface treatments to protect the teak wood and retard fungal growth and weathering over time.
Revisiting interbellum architecture of Hungary
Authors: Ferkai András
Published: April 2021

Though there are fans of the “Bauhaus style” and the term is largely used by the real estate market (in an incorrect way), modern architecture cannot arouse interest and sympathy in the majority of Hungarian society. Far from being a closed chapter, interwar architecture does not stand in the lime-light of Hungarian historiography either. This paper tries to find causes of this indifference and highlight achievements in historiography and preservation. Its aim is in particular to report on new scholarly publications as well as case studies that are occasionally good examples but more often controversial.
Slovenian industrial heritage – complexity of meanings, their preservation and regeneration
Authors: Ifko Sonja
Published: April 2021

Industrialization caused the biggest technological changes in human history, which called for not only new ways of working but also of living, education, and life as a whole. Eventually the world became the global market that we know today, when we are on the threshold of 5.0 Industry, when utopia is becoming reality. Despite its peripheral role, Slovenia started to change quite early under the influences of industrialization; these changes accelerated in the 19th century and gained momentum during socialist industrialization, when organized heritage protection started to develop extremely quickly — first it was used for socialist propaganda and then increasingly for concrete protection actions and regenerations. In parallel, relevant domestic knowledge was developed and, particularly, awareness was raised about the significance of industrial heritage, testifying to the transformation of its value in space and time. The understanding of this is necessary for an effective, development-directed protection.
On the wings of modernity: WWII memorials in Yugoslavia
Authors: Prica Vladana Putnik , Lajbenšperger Nenad
Published: April 2021

Memorial sites dedicated to the National Liberation War, revolution and the victims of fascism have played an important role in the cultural and political life of the socialist Yugoslavia. The changing political course of Yugoslavia from 1948 influenced its cultural strategy. This reflected the artists’ sensibility and tendency towards abstract sculpture, which culminated during the 1960s and 1970s. In this essay we will examine the influx of modern art and architecture on the aesthetics of the memorials from the era. We will also focus on their contemporary representation as an important part of cultural heritage.
Czech hotels in the late-modernist style set against the landscape
Authors: Vorlík Petr
Published: April 2021

This paper looks at the changes in hotel architecture in post-war Czechoslovakia. In particular, the way in which architects, either with the support of or, in some cases, in resistance to the political dictate, handled the inspirational influences that came from abroad. Namely the Soviet models forced on them, or the ideas that seeped through from the other side of the Iron Curtain that were closer to the Czech modernist environment. The resulting approach of compromises and mixing influences, typical for a small country in the middle of Europe, gave rise to imaginative combinations of the universal principles of the International Style with structural experiments, a return to sophistication and refined craftsmanship, a cautious criticism of Modernism, or an intensive effort to strike a balance and harmony with the poetic character of the landscape.
Is there something behind the Iron Curtain? Documentation and conservation of Modernism in former Eastern Europe
Authors: Moravčíková Henrieta
Published: April 2021

Although many 20th century phenomena have seen comparisons made across the European continent, divided by the former Iron Curtain for a half of the century, there is still room for confrontation and reconciliation. Firstly, because research continues, new contexts are emerging, the perspective of evaluation and the perception of the heritage of Modernism is changing, but also because, in addition to the artificial political structure of the Iron Curtain, which has disappeared along with the disappearance of the Eastern and Western Blocs, a number of constructs such as the territorial or thematic marginalization of parts of European architectural historiography remain to be overcome. After a long period of focusing on iconic personalities and works of architecture it is time to concentrate on thematic research, which will illustrate connections and differences in the Modern Movement of Europe and worldwide.
New Belgrade: past-present-future, and the future that never came
Authors: Jovanović Jelica
Published: April 2021

It was an event that rarely happens in this part of the world: the construction of a brand-new capital city in a country which was not famous for its achievements in city building. Furthermore, it was in a country ravaged by WWII, rural and mostly agricultural, with modest industrial capacities. Today, 70 years after the beginning of its construction, New Belgrade is still one of the most contentious topics of architecture and urban planning in Serbia. It is the most beloved and the most hated, biggest success story and biggest failure, most beautiful and ugliest architecture of the city — all at the same time. It is not just a question of contested beauty: like many other post-war cities based on the Athens Charter, New Belgrade is a vast infrastructurally equipped urban territory, soaked in conflicted interests and interpretations of its past and its future. As we approach the saturation point of its available construction land — at least per original and many consecutive plans — the question of its future development, its reconstruction and/or restoration is looming out of every document and every conversation about New Belgrade.
Ignoring and erasing: collective housing in 20th century Czechoslovakia
Authors: Guzik Hubert
Published: April 2021

A concept of a collective house that would include apartments and a wide array of communal facilities was a topic of intensive debate in Czechoslovakia throughout the 20th century. This topic was popular not only among architects, but most importantly among feminists, social activists, sociologists, politicians or businessmen. Debaters projected onto these houses their ideas of a future political and social system of Czechoslovakia. For some, shared living was a way to facilitate the arrival of communism, for others it represented a means to develop liberal capitalism. This article presents the political framework behind the idea of collective housing in Czechoslovakia.
Towards a fresh reading of MoMo historiography
Authors: Tostões Ana
Published: April 2021

While visiting the MAO (Museum of Architecture and Design) in Ljubljana one can appreciate the architectural power of Stanko Kristl’s work. The impressive buildings of this Slovenian architect revealed through the exhibition "Humanity and Space", illuminate the beauty of the museum space with some astonishing works and show why Eastern Europe deserves to be included in the historiography of the Modern Movement, to clearly demonstrate the contribution of Iron Curtain countries to the modern avant-garde. As Matevz Celik recognizes, “through his architecture he worked to provide responses to the needs of the people — for whom it was intended. This basic premise served as a guiding principle in experiments and his search for spatial and social innovation in architecture."
Metallic brutalism and its present embellishment. The addition to the Slovak National Gallery in Bratislava
Authors: Szalay Peter
Published: April 2021

This paper summarizes the creation and formulation of the modern addition to the Slovak National Gallery, an iconic architectural work of post-war Modernism in Czechoslovakia which instigated a major discussion between specialists and the general public already from its construction time. In the second part of the text, related to the reconstruction currently underway, I attempt to interpret the actual process of this building’s reconstruction and remodeling, which could be viewed as a physical dimension of the discussion on the polarizing effects of Modern Movement architectonic concepts as well as the impoverishment of the authentic heritage value of this unique instance of Slovak modernity.
Tourism and modern architecture in a “Green Hell”: Hotel Amazonas (1947–1952)
Authors: Paiva Ricardo
Published: April 2021

The investigation focuses on the relationship between tourism as a modernization strategy towards the integration of the Amazon within Brazil and modern principles adopted in the Hotel Amazonas in Manaus, analyzing how the pioneering project, designed by architect Paulo Antunes Ribeiro, aligned the economic, political and symbolic dimensions of the agents involved in the process. There is a growing need for the historical re-evaluation, the documentation and an emergency conservation of the building, which was an icon of tourist development and modernization of Brazil and the Amazon.
Hotel megastructures: the Balaia “turn key” experience in Portugal
Authors: Lobo Susana
Published: April 2021

The Balaia Hotel (1964–1968) near Albufeira, in the Algarve, designed by Francisco Conceição Silva and Maurício de Vasconcellos, is one of the first and most iconic seaside holiday megastructures built in Portugal. In its territorial approach, physical dimension and range of amenities, it represents a new stage of development in seaside tourism accommodation facilities. A self-contained and self-sufficient structure that shapes its own landscape. Also, the “turn key” commission implied the transition from the small-scale architecture office to the multidisciplinary design and planning firm, revolutionizing the Portuguese architectural culture and professional practice. This essay addresses the impact of the Balaia Hotel on the traditional structures of architecture production and, consequently, on the disciplinary debate of the 1960s in Portugal.
Public swimming pools in Australia
Authors: Lewi Hannah
Published: April 2021

In Australia the image of sporting prowess and easy access to swimming venues — both natural and artificial — has ensured that public swimming pools became a site of modern architectural interest and design experimentation from the 1930s onwards. Ranging from prosaic, local amenities to award-winning significant complexes, public pools are fascinating and potent places of individual and community memories and experiences. Many still exist but many others have been lost or detrimentally altered in the last two decades. As a modern type they deserve further documentation and careful conservation and adaptation to suit contemporary use.
Should Le Corbusier’s E.1027 murals be considered as “historical monuments”?
Authors: Cailliau Agnès
Published: April 2021

Le Corbusier’s murals in E.1027, the famous house designed by Eileen Gray, have been maintained and restored as “historical monuments”. I subscribe to a different view, and shall express it from three perspectives:
• a legal and administrative dimension: only Eileen Gray’s E.1027 is designated a Historical Monument. The murals are not covered by this classification.
• an artistic point of view: Le Corbusier’s murals are detrimental to the original state of the architectural work and to the spirit of the house, they are discordant. The murals, by their mere presence, endanger the architectural work.
• a physical/technical angle: Le Corbusier’s murals themselves are in physical danger.
Tourist towns in Languedoc-Roussillon: projects and discourse for mass tourism
Authors: Lopéz Izol Marez
Published: April 2021

Greenfield tourist towns in Languedoc-Roussillon, built in the 1960s, are some of the best examples of the application of modern principles in the production of architecture and space for mass tourism. Contributions of the Modern Movement in the construction of tourist facilities are thus exposed through the analysis of the theoretical proposals put into practice by Georges Candilis and Jean Balladur, modern architects of the third generation in France, in two of the tourist projects on the Languedoc-Roussillon coastline: La Grande-Motte and Port Leucate-Barcarès.
Wiel Arets
Authors: Tostões Ana , Melenhorst Michel
Published: April 2021

On the 27th August 2019, at his Amsterdam office, DJ (Ana Tostões, editor, and Michel Melenhorst, guest editor) interviewed Wiel Arets, an internationally renowned architect, and the founder of Wiel Arets Architects (1983). He has since taught at several universities worldwide, having also been Dean of the Berlage Institute in Rotterdam (1995–2001) and Dean of the College of Architecture (CoA) at the Illinois Institute of Technology (IIT) in Chicago (2012–2017).
Bauhaus and Lina Bo Bardi: from the modern factory to the Pompeia leisure center
Authors: Anelli Renato
Published: April 2021

The importance of Bauhaus to Lina Bo Bardi is herein analyzed from two perspectives. One that follows her trajectory from the industrial design course she taught at MASP to its critique, searching in the Brazilian Northeastern popular culture for sources of renewal. The second one focuses on the project of adapting a factory to be used as a leisure center in São Paulo. In addition to valuing the rationality of the factory architecture built in the first phase of Brazilian industrialization, its preservation encompassed, in order for the building to be used for leisure purposes, interventions that altered the disciplinary attributes of the space. The design was conceived as part of the architecture, discarding its serial reproduction.
100 years back, 100 years forward
Authors: Tostões Ana
Published: April 2021

The Bauhaus had a pioneering influence on design worldwide which still endures today; through education, experimentation and materialization, a revolution took place in architecture, urbanism and design for mass production. In 1918, during the immediate post-war period, Walter Gropius (1883-1969) achieved a fusion between the Kunstgewerbeschule and the Hochschule fur Bildende Kunst in Weimar, with the creation of an interdisciplinary school of design and crafts. In April 1919, he was elected director of the school which was by then called the Staatliches Bauhaus. He also published the Bauhaus Manifesto, which remains as a pioneering moment in history, with irreversible consequences at a global scale. The Bauhaus as a school, as a method of experimentation, education, and research, embodies the idea of science applied in service of the society. At the Bauhaus, utopia was combined with pragmatism, agitation and propaganda with public service, poetry with utility, Neue Sachlichkeit with creation and freedom. Its premises continue to be relevant today with the great issues of sustainability and democracy needing to be addressed through art and technology.
Modern Reuse
Authors: Huber Robert K.
Published: April 2021

The essay is part of an ongoing research work about the heritage of modernism, especially the relationship between material, information and message — projected on the genesis of values and a cultural practice of modern reuse, not least on our present legacy and an upcoming circular society. It examines narratives and developments of modernism, concerning the built environment and industry production, to question modern general principles, systems of values and socio-cultural interrelations. The examination is experimentally grounded on projects both in experimental architecture and discourse, which operate across research, practice and conceptual art — referring to the Bestandsverpflanzung (2008) and the current work with Bauhaus reuse from 2019.
From “White City” to “Bauhaus City” – Tel Aviv’s urban and architectural resilience
Authors: Epstein-Pliouchtch Marina , Abramovich Talia
Published: April 2021

In the early 1930s, Modernism became the normative style of architecture in Tel Aviv. This was due to the architects who operated in Tel Aviv, from all over Europe, including architects who studied at the Bauhaus. This essay will discuss how Modernist Tel Aviv evolved from the “White City” (UNESCO World Heritage Site) to the “Bauhaus City”, and how these myths, constantly being reinvented, have contributed to the city’s resilience, which has enabled urban and architectural conservation.
Teaching the Laboratory of the Techniques and Preservation of Modern Architecture (TSAM) at the École Polytechnique Fédéral de Lausanne
Authors: Graf Franz
Published: April 2021

More than a decade ago the TSAM addressed the question of teaching the preservation of modern and contemporary buildings as a new discipline, specifically and radically different from that of new architecture, both in terms of theoretical courses and the contemporary architecture project. It has established a methodology and a practice based on its research that embrace the whole of polytechnic or university education, whether basic or advanced. Finally, the TSAM affirms the richness and the educational power of preservation and its project, and, beyond the subjective feelings and formalistic emotions, base them on an objective and multidisciplinary argumentation combining fine observation of materiality, essential theoretical knowledge and thoughtful creativity.
Memento mori or eternal Modernism? The Bauhaus at MoMA, 1938
Authors: Bergdoll Barry
Published: April 2021

On the occasion of the exhibition which I co-curated at New York’s Museum of Modern Art (MoMA) with Leah Dickerman in 2009 for the 90th anniversary of the founding of the Bauhaus (and the 80th anniversary of the founding of the museum), I delved into the museum’s archives to shed light on the political context as well as the complex logistics of the museum’s earlier Bauhaus exhibition staged in 1938. The museum’s 1938 book that accompanied that important episode in the early reception of the Bauhaus in America remained the standard work on the school and its art philosophy in the English speaking world until the publication of the English translation of Hans Maria Wingler’s monumental Bauhaus in 1969. This essay, addressing the exhibition staged in New York and the misconceptions about the Bauhaus it set in motion for many years, is based on a lecture I gave at the exhibition symposium; a version of that text was published for the first time in a book of essays published in honor of one of my professors at the University of Cambridge, Jean Michel Massing, in 2016. This is a slightly modified version for the 100th anniversary of the Bauhaus, a decade later.
David Chipperfield
Authors: Tostões Ana , Melenhorst Michel
Published: April 2021

On the 4th March 2019, at his Berlin Office, DJ (Ana Tostões, editor, and Michel Melenhorst, guest editor) interviewed David Chipperfield, an internationally renowned architect, founder of David Chipperfield Architects (1985) whose work is recognized with important awards such as the RIBA Stirling Prize, the
European Union Prize for Contemporary Architecture (Mies van der Rohe Award) and the Deutscher Architekturpreis.
Spanish Pantheon in Rome. A Permanent Abode
Authors: Paredes Ángela García de
Published: April 2021

The Spanish Pantheon in the Campo di Verano was entrusted to three resident artists at the Academy of Spain in Rome in 1957: architects José María García de Paredes (1924-1990) and Javier Carvajal (1926-2013) and sculptor Joaquín García Donaire (1926-2003). They proposed an open space devoid of religious symbols apart from the chapels around it. This work explores a new direction that moves away from the usual funerary monument: a symbolic space composed of two planes in equilibrium laid out on a smooth platform where there is no distinction between sculpture and architecture. This place is for those who take time to pause here, a permanent abode, to spend time with the absent and the present.
Modern Hospitals and Cultural Heritage
Authors: Wagenaar Cor
Published: April 2021

The decades between 1950 and 1980 mark the heydays of modern hospital architecture. It represents an ideal merger between Modernism and medicine and a highly specific approach to health and illness as medical qualities. Since the 1990s, public health experts have recognized that aspects that have been discarded both by medicine and by modern architecture should be re-integrated in all policies that target health: the modern hospital has become a relic of the past. This essay is a plea to incorporate the changing views on health and illness in the value assessment of the modern hospital.
Charles Fulton: the regional reach of modernism in Australia
Authors: Sanders Paul , Lindquist Marissa
Published: April 2021

Charles Fulton (1905-1987) was an Australian architect who applied influences of European Modernism, particularly the civic architecture of Willem Dudok, into the design for several hospital projects in regional towns across Queensland, at the same time adapting a climatic responsive rationale to the projects. As with many remote contexts that have been overlooked by a European and American centric focus upon Modern architecture, the account of Australian Modernism has not been widely acknowledged outside its borders, despite a local momentum to effectively document and publish its achievements. Compounding this predicament, Queensland has suffered from its own exclusion relative to the southern states of New South Wales (Sydney) and Victoria (Melbourne), which have always been the dominant centers of the national profession, its conferences and publications. This paper seeks to address these schisms through the presentation of the work of Fulton, demonstrating how even in remote areas of Queensland, thousands of kilometers from major cities, the reach of Modern architecture found a place. Mobilized by the national federal body, the Office of Health and Home Affairs, drive to improve health services across the country post WWI, Fulton became a leading architect to modernize health facilities and brought about a cultural shift in the reception of Modern architecture across the regions.
Demedicalize Architecture
Authors: Borasi Giovanna , Zardini Mirko
Published: April 2021

Niccolò Machiavelli (1469–1527) long ago observed, “In the order of things it is found that one never seeks to avoid one inconvenience without running into another; but prudence consists in knowing how to recognize the qualities of inconveniences, and in picking the less bad as good.” Given these complex conditions of engagement, it is critical that the relationship between architecture and health be revised. While perhaps partly responsible, architecture is not always capable of providing positive solutions for the environment or the “sick” body. Instead, a confused and anxious contemporary architecture struggles to produce new manifestations that avoid exalting the spectacle of capital of the last twenty years. While architecture is looking once again into the ambiguous political, cultural, moral, and, above all, social ideas of health and medicalization for both justification and a new mandate, it should seek to challenge – rather than pacify – the newly emerging neo-liberal agenda and question a medicalized vision and approach toward health issues.
The Ur-Forms of Modernism. On 19th Century Hospitalized and Hygienic Dimensions of Architecture
Authors: Teyssot Georges
Published: April 2021

During the 19th century, a shift in the meaning of the notion of type took place, accompanied by the idea of an explicit inscription of habits and needs in space. A new correlation between the architectural type and the habitual was established. If only tentatively, esthetics and planning could now be harmoniously reunited through the introduction of new habits in order to generate a collective way of living. As a result, the object of architecture became to moralize and to reform. The “dream” of this period was that of a purely technological solution for civil building and housing. It would further expand into the vision of the exact partitioning of living space, and of the invention of perfect machines for healing, controlling, and living. In fact, two genealogies began to merge: total sanitariness, which led to the exact quantification of fluids piped into buildings; and total technology, which aimed, through the use of new materials, at the precise programing and optimization of space. Underlying the thousands of proposals in the 19th century, the idea of the circulation of goods and people was crucial, and dependent on the imperatives of mobility and decentralization. Traces of such “dream architecture” remained in the form of the features that would become an intrinsic part of 20th century, modern architecture.
Seven notes on the program and design of healthcare buildings’ rehabilitation
Authors: Providência Paulo
Published: April 2021

One of the characteristics of the 20th century heritage hospital is the permanent remodeling of its spaces, a sign of the frequent changes in clinical practices which, in turn, bring about functional, construction and spatial changes. This characteristic, due to the functional prevalence of health facilities, generates forms of environmental and territorial consumerism. Contrary to any conservation or crystallizing idea of the heritage hospital, this present reflection seeks to find the aspects of this heritage that may be preserved in the remodeling processes, informed by the recent trends in the design of healthcare facilities, which ultimately constitute opportunities for their rehabilitation, reuse or restoration.
Landscape architecture according to Olmsted: beyond purifying the air, pacifying the mind
Authors: Maumi Catherine
Published: April 2021

Although the works of Frederick Law Olmsted – such as Central Park, Prospect Park, Franklin Park, Riverside – are today widely recognized and appreciated, some of them having, in fact, been the object of important restoration work, the thinking which engendered them is much more unfamiliar, notably due to its complexity. The mission of landscape architecture, as it is defined by Olmsted, is above all social: to improve the living conditions of the population, beginning with the most unfavored. It is not just a matter of providing breathing spaces, but of allowing people to experience places capable of appeasing their minds.
Alfred Preis and Viennese Modernism in Hawai‘i
Authors: Mcguire Laura
Published: April 2021

Preis, who was a Viennese émigré and refugee architect with no early experience designing for tropical climates, went on to become one of the most prolific mid-century regionalist and modernist Hawai‘i designers. Although he is best known for his award-winning design for the USS Arizona Memorial (1962) - one of the ships infamously sunk in the Japanese attack on Pearl Harbor, Pries’s earlier institutional and residential commissions are arguably his most compelling. His Viennese roots directly influenced Pries’s approach to design in Hawai‘i. By engaging numerous precedents from Vienna, he eventually forged a novel idiom for Hawai‘i domestic design. This article will examine the interiors of two of Preis’s more than 100 single-family houses – the Scudder Residence (now the Scudder-Gillmar Residence) (1939-1940) and the Dr. Edward and Elsie Lau Residence (1951) – in order to highlight some of the ways in which Preis transported Viennese modern design ideas of the first three decades of the 20th century some 7,616 miles from Austria into the middle of the Pacific Ocean. His interior designs for these houses evidence strong relationships with the ideas of earlier Viennese modernists about spatial planning, the aesthetic uses of materials, furnishings, and color. Perhaps more than any other influence, Preis’s Vienna experience culminated in modern architecture that was as sensorially pleasurable as Hawai‘i itself.
Otto Königsberger and Global Architectural Histories
Authors: Baweja Vandana
Published: April 2021

Otto Königsberger was a German émigré architect who worked as the state architect in princely Mysore in British India in the 1940s. Upon emigration to London in 1951, he subsequently became an educator of Tropical Architecture (1954-1971) at the AA School of Architecture. This paper examines how Otto Königsberger’s career can illuminate “global” as a paradigm in Modernist historiography.
Religious Tropical Architecture: the churches of Leandro V. Locsin in the Philippines
Authors: Girard Jean-Claude
Published: April 2021

The focus of this contribution is on the importance of tropical architecture in the work of Leandro V. Locsin, in the context of post-WWII in Asia. Based in the Philippines, Locsin is immersed in the Christian tradition – the main religion of a country that was dominated by the Spanish crown from the mid 16th-century to 1898, and where the Catholic Church remains powerful across much of the archipelago today. Attention is focused on Locsin’s religious buildings and projects, where he succeeded in giving a new treatment to the tropical architecture of faith-based structures, through the integration of climate considerations and the reinterpretation of vernacular architecture of the Philippines.
“Our Cinderella North” – The Modern Diaspora’s long reach into Australia’s tropical zones
Authors: Musgrave Elizabeth
Published: April 2021

Modernism in tropical in Australia is testimony to the tenacity and optimism of individuals and communities in the vast, “empty north” of the continent, but also reflects a young nation’s strategic and commercial need to develop and make viable this region in the years following WWII. As practitioners, academics and public servants, the Modern Diaspora, introduced and promoted Modernism as a climate responsive solution to building in the tropics. The result is work that is inventive, frequently of modest material means and expressive of its tropical circumstances.
The Nature of Tropical Architecture in Indonesian Modernism
Authors: Sopandi Setiadi
Published: April 2021

The idea of environmental design – or loosely referred to as “tropical architecture” – is an ever-present but underlying discourse in modern Indonesian architectural history. Despite being tentative and, at times, overshadowed by other dominant issues, the quest for climate-related environmental tropical design is apparent in almost every generation of Indonesian architects.
South of Cancer: Modern Architecture’s Tropical Diasporas
Authors: Guedes Pedro , Widodo Johannes
Published: April 2021

Over twenty years ago in the shadows of an architectural conference in the USA several of us from outside the American/European axis left early, finding the mainstream presentations and discussions boring, predictable and stuck in the ruts of well-worn paths. We were aware that in the wider world genuinely new ideas were emerging with rich traditions at play, altogether less constrained by self-conscious architectural production. We were keen to find a name for these new approaches emerging across latitudes below the Tropic of Cancer and settled on “South of Cancer” as a suitable catch-all for these diverse tendencies.
Diseño Y Simulación De Un Robot Humanoide De Servicio Para Los Laboratorios De Control - Automatización Y Telecomunicaciones De La Universidad Nacional Tecnológica De Lima Sur
Authors: Palomares Orihuel Ricardo J. , Ruiz Sandoval Julián Antonio , Romero Cuellar Alexander Javier , Campos Aguado Fredy
Published: April 2021

La presente investigación comprende el diseño y simulación de un robot humanoide de servicio, mediante la selección del material y dimensiones de su estructura, componentes electrónicos y servidor, así como, la selección de los sensores y actuadores que le permitirán interactuar con el medio que lo rodea, percibiendo del entorno y realizar una acción. Así mismo, se realizó el diseño y simulación de su sistema informático e interfaz de reconocimiento facial. Se validó mediante la simulación dinámica en 3D del robot humanoide usando un software de ingeniería. Los resultados favorables se obtuvieron a partir de la conmutación de la PC con el sistema operativo Windows y un dispositivo Raspberry pi 3B+ que se desempeña bajo un sistema operativo GNU/LINUX en la distribución Raspbian El entrenamiento del algoritmo de reconocimiento facial y la trasferencia de datos se probó exitosamente, obteniendo resultados favorables. Finalmente, se contribuyó con la comunidad científica y estudiantil al brindar una plataforma para futuras investigaciones.
Modelo Problema/Solución/Producto/Proyecto, Propuesta Para Acercar La Academia A La Problemática De La Sociedad
Authors: Sánchez Rubén
Published: April 2021

Para muchas personas no hay mucha claridad sobre el nivel de acercamiento entre La Academia y la problemática de la Sociedad, y ¿si esto es o no necesario para la solución de la problemática de la Sociedad? Quizá primero habría que preguntarse: ¿hay necesidad de ese acercamiento? ¿O no es necesario? Entonces, surgen las dudas en qué forma se puede comprobar: ¿si debe haber o no está interrelación?
Como soporte a la propuesta del modelo PROBLEMA/SOLUCIÓN/PRODUCTO/PROYECTO (PSPP) se consideran los resultados de indicadores de los informes de OCDE y el Foro Económico Mundial. En el presente trabajo se detallan los primeros hallazgos que justifican este acercamiento por lo resultados logrados por las dos aplicaciones realizadas.
Columna Falsa De Cargadores De Celulares Libre De Baldosas Piezoeléctrica Para La Biblioteca De La Universidad Nacional Tecnológica De Lima Sur
Authors: Yarín Anwar , Sánchez Jorge , Hernández Edgard , Rodríguez Kevin Rodríguez , Abanto Patrick
Published: April 2021

Para poder abasto de energía eléctrica a un sector estudiantil que demanda más puntos de salida y para su comodidad, se indaga en la aplicación de obtención de energía eléctrica por medio de baldosas piezoeléctricas que presenta cerámicos piezoeléctricos que al deformarse por un movimiento mecánicos producen energía eléctrico, es por ello que se analiza los posibles lugares de la UNTELS para la aplicación de esta tecnología, según un dato por encuesta los estudiantes en general prefieren la biblioteca como zona de estar en el cual se produce una cantidad considerable de personas que generan suficiente energía para abastecer el sistema piezoeléctrico. Los estudiantes son quienes avanzan por estos puntos de la universidad y pueden dar fe de su punto estratégico.
Simulación de una Red Móvil 5G en la Ciudad de Bogotá
Authors: Buitrago Arias Jonathan Leonardo , González Acuña Darwin Sneyder
Published: April 2021

El presente proyecto explora la red 5G en base a los estándares que propone la UIT para la implementación de la nueva red móvil y se pone en práctica las características más relevantes. Se evidencian sus alcances y limitaciones por medio de simulaciones de cobertura en las cuales se observa el comportamiento de esta red en diferentes escenarios de la ciudad de Bogotá, en las simulaciones se configuran diferentes parámetros entre los cuales se encuentran las bandas de frecuencias, áreas de simulación, coberturas, parámetros de radio transmisor, antenas, métodos de estudio, entre otros. A partir de la variación de los parámetros se obtienen resultados de las simulaciones con diferentes comportamientos los cuales se comparan y se analizan para identificar sus diferencias y similitudes de esta manera se identifica los parámetros que influyen de mejor manera a el estudio de la cobertura, estas simulaciones se realizan con la ayuda del software Xirio Online, el cual es una herramienta enfocada en simulaciones profesionales que aporta resultados con una alta precisión. Además, de analizar los resultados y mostrar el comportamiento de la red este proyecto quiere contribuir al estudio de la red móvil 5G e impulsar su implementación en el país.
MANFAAT SKORING PROGNOSTIK DALAM PENENTUAN TATA LAKSANA KASUS METASTASIS OTAK
Authors: Diansari Yunni
Published: April 2021

CLINICAL UTILITY OF PROGNOSTIC SCORES TO GUIDE THE MANAGEMENT OF BRAIN METASTASESABSTRACTMetastatic brain tumors are the most common intracranial neoplasms in adults and associated with significant morbidity and mortality. The current therapeutic options include surgery, whole brain radiation therapy (WBRT), stereotactic radiation (SRS), systemic therapy and symptom management only. The goals of brain metastasis management are giving longer survival, if possible the improvement in neurologic deficit and a better quality of life. Prognostic scores, a useful tool for BM patients, as an estimation of a patient’s prognosis can guide the tailored treatment for these patients. A more aggressive approaches is recommended in patients with good performance state with and controlled systemic disease. While palliative management is focused to patients on terminal state or with other comorbid disease. A number of prognostic scoring systems for BM patients have been proposed are Recursive Partitioning Analysis (RPA), the Score Index for Radiosurgery (SIR), the Basic Score for Brain Metastases (BSBM) and the Graded Prognostic Assessment (GPA). Recursive Partitioning Analysis and GPA are able to be implemented in brain metastatic patient in Indonesia.Keyword: Brain metastatic, prognostic scores, survival rateABSTRAKTumor otak metastasis merupakan tumor intrakranial yang paling sering dijumpai dan menyebabkan morbiditas serta mortalitas yang bermakna. Pilihan tata laksana terdiri dari tindakan bedah, whole brain radiation therapy (WBRT), sterotactic radiosurgery (SRS), terapi sistemik atau tata laksana simtomatik saja. Tujuan tata laksana pada pasien dengan metastasis otak adalah memperpanjang survival jika memungkinkan dengan mengontrol defisit neurologis dan memberikan kualitas hidup yang baik. Skoring prognostik merupakan metode yang bermanfaat pada kasus metastasis otak, karena dengan dapat memperkirakan prognosis pasien maka dapat menentukan pilihan tata laksana yang tepat. Tata laksana agresif direkomendasikan pada penderita dengan status performance yang baik dan penyakit sistemik yang terkontrol. Adapun tata laksana paliatif ditujukan pada pasien dengan kondisi terminal atau ada komorbid lain yang menyertai. Beberapa skoring prognostik telah diajukan seperti, Recursive Partitioning Analysis (RPA), Score Index for Radiosurgery (SIR), Basic Score for Brain Metastases (BSBM), dan Graded Prognostic Assessment (GPA). Recursive Partitioning Analysis dan GPA merupakan pilihan yang dapat diterapkan pada populasi pasien metastasis otak di Indonesia.Kata kunci:  Metastasis otak, skoring prognostik, survival rate
MANIFESTASI NEUROPSIKIATRIK PADA LUPUS ERITEMATOSUS SISTEMIK DI RSUD DR. SOETOMO SURABAYA
Authors: Rana Nadya Rinda Eka , Awaliah Awalia , Hernaningsih Yetti , Hidayati Hanik Badriyah
Published: April 2021

NEUROPSYCHIATRIC MANIFESTATION AMONG SYSTEMIC LUPUS ERYTHEMATOSUS PATIENTS IN GENERAL HOSPITAL SURABAYAABSTRACTIntroduction: Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) is a chronic autoimmune inflammatory disease with unknown causes and extensive clinical manifestations and diverse disease pathways. The clinical manifestations of SLE are very diverse, including the involvement of the nervous system and psychiatric syndrome (neuropsychiatric).Aims: To describe clinical neuropsychiatric manifestations of   patients with SLE in Soetomo General Hospital Surabaya.Methods: This was a cross-sectional study based on medical record data on all SLE patients treated at Dr. Soetomo Hospital Surabaya, from January-December 2017. Neuropsychiatric manifestations assessment were based on the nomenclature of the American College of Rheumatology (ACR) in 1999.Results: There were 49 patients, mostly women (98%) with mean age 30,8±10,2 years old. Neurological manifestation was the 3rd  most common diagnosis (43%) after hematologic disorder (73.5%) arthritis (53.1%). The manifestations of neuropsychiatric manifestation were mainly seizures (40.8%), headache (34.7%), cerebrovascular disease (26.5%), acute confusional state (20.4%), cognitive dysfunction (6.1%), and polyneuropathy (8.2%).Discussion: The most common neuropsychiatric clinical features in SLE patients are seizures, headache, cerebrovascular disease, and acute confusional state.Keywords: Lupus neuropsychiatry, prevalence, systemic lupus erythematosusABSTRAKPendahuluan: Lupus eritematosus sistemik (LES) merupakan penyakit inflamasi autoimun kronik yang belum diketahui penyebabnya dengan perjalanan penyakit yang luas. Manifestasi klinis LES sangat beragam, antara lain keterlibatan sistem saraf dan sindrom psikiatri (neuropsikiatri).Tujuan: Untuk mengetahui manifestasi neuropsikiatrik pasien dengan LES di RSUD Dr. Soetomo, Surabaya.Metodologi: Penelitian potong lintang berdasarkan data rekam medik terhadap semua pasien LES yang dirawat di RSUD Dr. Soetomo, Surabaya, pada bulan Januari hingga Desember 2017. Manifestasi neuropsikiatrik dinilain berdasarkan nomenklatur American College of Rheumatology (ACR) tahun 1999.Hasil: Didapatkan 49 subjek yang hampir semuanya (98%) adalah perempuan dengan rerata usia 30,8±10,2 tahun. Gangguan neurologis merupakan ketiga tersering (43%) setelah gangguan hematologi (73,5%) dan artritis (53,1%). Manifestasi neuropsikiatri terutama kejang (40,8%), nyeri kepala (34,7%), penyakit serebrovaskular (26,5%), keadaan konfusi akut (20,4%), dan polineuropati (8,2%).Diskusi: Manifestasi klinis neuropsikiatri yang paling banyak dialami oleh pasien LES adalah kejang, nyeri kepala, penyakit serebrovaskular, dan keadaan konfusi akut.Kata kunci: Lupus eritematosus sistemik, manifestasi klinis, neuropsikiatri
TUBERKULOMA SEREBRAL PADA PENDERITA ACQUIRED IMMUNE DEFICIENCY SYNDROME
Authors: Ongko Wijaya Vincent , Ardianto Dony , Sita Setya Pratiwi Gama , Mahendra Anton , Widra Shintyalola Glennis , Irfan Asany Rasi
Published: April 2021

Tuberkuloma serebral merupakan komplikasi sistem saraf pusat yang jarang dan berbahaya akibat infeksi tuberkulosis (TB). Kondisi imunosupresif pada infeksi human immunodeficiency virus infection and acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (HIV/AIDS) merupakan faktor resiko dari perkembangan penyakit. Dilaporkan kasus seorang perempuan berusia 23 tahun dengan riwayat HIV/AIDS dan dalam pengobatan TB aktif dengan keluhan nyeri kepala dan pusing berputar sejak 1 minggu sebelum masuk rumah sakit. Pemeriksaan neurologis dalam batas normal. Pemeriksaan penunjang laboratorium menunjukkan penurunan kadar CD4 absolut dan dilanjutkan CT scan kepala dengan kontras. Pasien mendapat terapi utama deksametason, kotrimoksazol, dan obat anti tuberkulosis.

Kata kunci: HIV/AIDS, tuberkuloma, tuberkulosis