bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Evaluación de la digestibilidad in vivo de tres dietas diferentes en ovinos de la Universidad de los Llanos (Meta, Colombia).
Authors: Acevedo Juan José , Peñalosa Juliana
Published: November 2022

Actualmente los productores agropecuarios tienen una predilección por los sistemas de producción ovina, debido a su gran variabilidad en cuanto a producción y demanda, ya que de estos animales se obtiene carne, leche, lana y genética, es por esto por lo que las investigaciones con esta especie tienen un valor productivo para el medio. Ahora bien, se sabe que la nutrición es uno de los aspectos más básicos e importantes que se debe tener en cuenta en una producción y que los valores de digestibilidad tienen repercusiones monetarias para la rentabilidad de estos productores. De esta manera es como esta investigación busca analizar y comparar la calidad nutricional y digestibilidad in vivo de 3 fuentes de alimento diferentes, la gramínea conocida como King grass (Pennisetum purpureum), el Botón de oro (Tithonia diversifolia) y un ensilaje realizado con King grass, melaza y salvado de trigo, en 3 ovinos de raza criolla. El estudio se llevó a cabo en la granja de la Universidad de los Llanos sede Barcelona, ubicada en el kilómetro 12 Vía a Puerto López (Villavicencio, Meta). A cada uno de los ovinos se les suministró un solo tipo de alimento durante 6 días, donde se realizó un periodo de adaptación de 3 días y una toma de datos de los siguientes 3 días. Luego de esto, en el día 7 se llevó al horno una muestra de heces con el fin de estimar sus coeficientes de digestibilidad y la distribución de la energía. En este se determinó  el valor nutricional y los coeficientes de digestibilidad de la fibra cruda (FC), la materia seca (MS), la proteína cruda (PC) y la grasa (GR). Además, se estimó el extracto no nitrogenado (ENN), el porcentaje de nutrientes digestible totales (NDT), la energía bruta (EB), la energía digestible (ED) y la energía metabólica (EM). A partir de estos datos se realizaron análisis a la luz de la teoría y la comparación de los datos, es de esta manera como se pudo concluir que el alimento con mejores resultados nutricionales, de los tres suministrados, fue el Botón de oro y que en general los tres alimentos son de buena calidad al compararlos con la teoría.
Memorias IV Encuentro de Investigadores de la Facultad de Ciencias Agropecuarias y Recursos Naturales Universidad de los Llanos
Authors: Facultad de Ciencias Agropecuarias y Recursos Naturales IV Encuentro de Investigadores de la
Published: November 2022

La Facultad de Ciencias Agropecuarias y Recursos Naturales con el apoyo de los grupos de investigación en: Biotecnología y Toxicología Acuática y Ambiental – BioTox, Farmacología Experimental y Medicina Interna – Élite, Agroforestería, y Agroindustria y Desarrollo realizaron el IV Encuentro de Investigadores de la Facultad de Ciencias Agropecuarias y Recursos Naturales durante el 3 y 4 de agosto del 2022 en el Auditorio Eduardo Carranza, sede Barcelona de la Universidad de los Llanos, Villavicencio, Meta, Colombia.

El Encuentro de Investigadores de la FCAyRN, es un evento académico que se ha realizado desde el año 2013 y que tiene como objetivo general propiciar la socialización de las investigaciones realizadas en la Facultad de Ciencias Agropecuarias y Recursos Naturales de la Universidad de los Llanos, enmarcadas en las cinco líneas de investigación de la FCAyRN, así:

Salud Animal, Agrícola y Ambiental

Producción Agraria

Desarrollo Rural y Territorial

Sistemas de Producción Agroindustrial

Recursos Hidrobiológicos
Rice Production Technology Improvements for Higher Productivity Along with the Sustainable Agriculture Process in the Mekong Delta
Authors: Matsubara Takeo , Thanh Truong Chi , Hieu Ngo Quang , Tinh Nguyen Thanh , Kitaya Yoshiaki
Published: November 2022

This study examines sustainable agricultural development in the Mekong Delta, Vietnam by focusing on technology improvement for minimizing the environmental load in rice production with sufficient yield and quality.  Among rice-producing countries, Vietnam is the third-largest rice export country worldwide. High-yield rice production is still a critical issue in Vietnam. However, in recent years, quality improvement and low environmental load agriculture have been fundamental issues.
  In this research, we conducted rice cultivation experiments in 2014, 2015, and 2017 under different conditions of planting density, fertilizer volume, rice variety, use of fertilizer applicator mounted on a transplanter, and use of high-density seedling mat called “Mitsunae.” We conducted 7 seasons with 79 planting patterns in experiments to compare yield, quality, and fertilizer volume in rice production.
  As a result of productivity achievement, high-density transplanting does not always produce a high yield. Each performance depends on transplanting density, rice variety, fertilizer volume, or other factors. In general, transplanting machine with a planting width of 25cm achieved a significant yield with short growing duration rice varieties. Those varieties are popular in the Mekong Delta.
  We conducted experiments of “high-density seedling mat” called “Mitsunae”, a new nursery technology developed in Japan, to reduce the environmental load and operating costs in rice production. With the “Mitsunae” method, we can reduce the number of rice seedling trays up to three times that of conventional seedling mats. Then, we can minimize the nursery surface area, nursery materials, and total working time, including transplanting time. The “life cycle assessment (LCA)” method is practical for correctly quantifying environmental load reduction. We investigated environmental load reduction caused by “Mitsunae” rice nursery process using LCA method in this research. We could achieve about 20% – 30% reduction of the “greenhouse gas (GHG)” emission volume and economic benefits created by the “Mitsunae” nursery process.
The Effects of Solvents Polarity on the Phenolic Contents and Ferric Reducing Antioxidant Power of Cassytha filiformis, Commiphora schlechteri, Ochna natalitias and Pavetta assimilis
Authors: Chemane Isabel , Cumbane Paulo , Sitoe Ana Raquel
Published: November 2022

In the present study, the levels of Total Phenols compounds (TPC) and the antioxidant capacity of different extracts from leaves of Cassytha filiformis (C. filiformis), Commiphora schlechteri (C. schlechterii), Ochna natalitias (O. natalitia) and Pavetta assimilis (P. assimilis) were evaluated by the Folin-Ciocalteu and ferric ion reduction methods, respectively. The extracts evaluated were prepared with solvents of different polarities (n-hexane, dichloromethane, ethyl acetate and aqueous methanol). The total phenols found in all samples increase with solvent polarity. The reduction power found was linearly proportional to the concentration and is greater the greater the content of total phenolics. All extracts of the species O. natalitia (DCM, EtAcO and MetOH) showed higher antioxidant capacity than the other species. Thus, the promising results found in the present study suggest a high potential of these species as a source for the development of therapeutically useful natural antioxidants.
Skeletal, dentoalveolar, and buccal bone changes using hybrid and tooth-borne expanders for RME and SARME in different growth stages
Authors: Kayalar Emre , Fıratli Sonmez , Darendeliler M. Ali , Dalci Kerem , Dalci Oyku
Published: November 2022

Objective

To compare the skeletal, dentoalveolar and buccal bone thickness of tooth–bone-borne (Hybrid-H) and tooth-borne (TB) maxillary expanders used for rapid maxillary expansion (RME) in early and late adolescents and for surgically-assisted RME (SARME) in young adults.

Materials and methods:

This two-centre clinical study included initial and 6 months post-retention CBCT records of 60 patients (27 males, 33 females; mean age 15.7 ± 3.75 years). The cohort was divided into two groups according to the expander type (H or TB) and subdivided into a further three groups determined by cervical vertebrae maturation stages: early adolescents (EA), late adolescents (LA), and young adults (A). EA and LA patients underwent RME and young adults received a SARME.

Results:

The hybrid-designed appliance increased the internal skeletal maxillary width and nasal width more than the TB-designed appliance anteriorly in EA and posteriorly in SARME young adults. The TB expanders tipped and expanded the first premolars more than the Hybrid SARME expanders in young adults and caused a greater reduction in buccal alveolar bone thickness at the level of the first premolars and molars at the three growth stages.

Conclusion

The hybrid expanders, with relatively greater skeletal and nasal widening potential and fewer dentoalveolar side effects, were a favourable alternative to tooth-borne expanders for RME in the early and late adolescents, and for SARME in young adults.
Evaluation of architectural changes in mandibular trabecular and cortical bone pattern after functional treatment
Authors: Eroz Dilaver Barcın , Günaçar Dilara Nil , Kiki Ali
Published: November 2022

Purpose:

To assess the changes in mandibular trabecular and cortical bone following functional appliance treatment through fractal dimension (FD) and cortical thickness (CorT) measurements.

Material and methods

The study was performed on 45 mandibular retrognathia cases. While the treatment group (T) comprised 30 patients treated using a functional appliance for one year during puberty, the control group (C) consisted of 15 patients who did not receive any orthodontic treatment due to insufficient oral hygiene. FD and CorT analyses were bilaterally evaluated for each mandible. FD measurements were performed on the condylar process, the antegonial notch, and ramus regions on panoramic radiographs. A paired t-test was applied for group analysis, before (T1) and after treatment (T2) and, correspondingly, before (C1) and after (C2) controls. In addition, an independent t-test was used to determine differences between the treatment (∆T = T2−T1) and the control group (∆C = C2−C1).

Results

Statistically significant differences were found in the treatment group between the initial and post-treatment FD values of the right (p < 0.05) and left condyles (p < 0.05), and the CorT measurements on the right (p < 0.01) and the left sides (p < 0.05). There was no statistically significant difference in FD parameters in the control group and a significant difference was only found in the left CorT (p < 0.05). A comparison of the treatment and control groups revealed that the changes in FD and CorT measurements were not statistically significantly different between the groups (p > 0.05).

Conclusion:

Mandibular protraction appliances do not produce trabecular bone alteration in the mandibular condyles, the antegonial notch and ramus over a 12-month time period.
Shape-finding in Biophilic Architecture: Application of AI-based Tool
Authors: Viliunas Gediminas , Grazuleviciute-Vileniske Indre
Published: November 2022

The emerging application of AI-based tools in creative practices encourages analysing how these tools could be integrated into ecological architectural design. This research was aimed at identifying the possibilities of applying AI-based tools and approaches for shape-finding in the field of biophilic architectural design. The research encompasses review and analysis of literature, the experiment of shape-finding using AI-based tool VQGAN+CLIP, and the evaluation of generated images according to the system of biophilic design criteria adapted for the purpose of image evaluation. The experiment of shape finding demonstrated that the use of keywords describing the characteristics of natural systems and the VQGAN+CLIP code allow generating unexpected, interesting forms which correspond to some biophilic characteristics. Such forms can be the start of a further creative search for the architect.
Developing a simulator of a mobile indoor navigation application as a tool for cartographic research
Authors: Łobodecki Jakub , Gotlib Dariusz
Published: November 2022

Solutions designed for indoor navigation are extremely rare compared to outdoor navigation; however, the potential for development is, therefore, very high. Several pilot projects exist in airports, universities, hospitals, and shopping centres. The difficulties in development are currently mainly due to the continuing low quality of indoor positioning and lack of widespread access to high-quality building models. A strong methodological basis for how the interior and exterior of buildings can be cartographically represented in navigation applications has also not yet been developed. Therefore, an attempt was made to design a virtual environment dedicated to supporting the design of indoor navigation applications. Authors present the results of a study aimed at creating a concept of a simulation environment accompanied by the assessment and preliminary validation of its technological feasibility in terms of the method and technology used – although it does not yet constitute a target study. The result was a fully functional prototype of a virtual test environment, which was successfully used in a pilot study on the effectiveness of different types of navigation guidance. The participants’ behaviour within the desktop virtual environment was investigated and their opinions were collected through a questionnaire. This research proved the technological feasibility of the proposed concept and demonstrated the usefulness of the Unreal Engine game engine in building new tools to support the work of cartographers. The created environment will be further developed and used in indoor mapping research.
Biodiesel Production Using Calcined Phosphate Rock as a Precursor of Calcium Oxide Heterogeneous Catalyst
Authors: Kiprono Janet , Rutto Hilary , Seodigeng Tumisang , Enweremadu Christopher
Published: November 2022

In this paper, phosphate rock has been utilized beyond its traditional role as a raw material for fertilizer production to a new potential role as a heterogeneous base catalyst for biodiesel production. The rock was thermally modified through calcination at 900 °C for 8 hrs. One factor at a time experimental design was used to vary the operating conditions of time (30–150 min), temperature (40 °C–80 °C,) catalyst concentration (1–5 wt%), and methanol to oil ratio (10–50 wt%). It was established that the optimum production conditions for maximum biodiesel yield of 93 % using this novel catalyst was achieved at reaction time 90 min, reaction temperature 60 °C, catalyst concentration 3wt% and methanol to oil weight ratio of 30 wt%. The synthesized biodiesel was compared with the raw waste oil using Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) to determine the efficiency of conversion from this catalyst. The catalyst modification after calcination was also analysed using this spectroscopic technique to confirm any changes in the functional groups. Biodiesel’s chemical and physical properties were measured based on the American Society for Testing and Materials (ASTM) international standards for biodiesel.
ANALISIS KOMPONEN KETERAMPILAN PROSES SAINS PADA BUKU AJAR IPA KELAS IX
Authors: Syafi'ah Rohmatus , Laili Alik Mustafidal , Prisningtyas Nanda Veronixa
Published: November 2022

Pendekatan saintifik (mengamati, menanya, menganalisis, menyimpulkan, mengkomunikasikan, dan mencipta) merupakan bagian dari Keterampilan Proses Sains (KPS). KPS terdiri dari Keterampilan Proses Sains Dasar (KPSD) dan Keterampilan Proses Sains Terintegrasi (KPST). Dalam melatihkan KPSD dan KPST pada siswa harus didukung oleh salah satunya adalah buku ajar. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk menganalisis komponen KPS pada buku ajar IPA siswa kelas IX semester 2 di MTsN 6 Tulungagung yang disusun oleh tim MGMP IPA MTs-sekabupaten Tulungagung, dan diterbitkan tahun 2021. Tahapan dalam penelitian ini yaitu memilih buku ajar, pengambilan dan penetapan sampel, menganalisis komponen KPS dalam buku, dan menarik kesimpulan. Hasil dari penelitian ini adalah komponen keterampilan porses sains pada buku ajar IPA siswa kelas IX semester 2 di MTsN 6 Tulungagung yang paling banyak ditemukan adalah KPSD mengamati dan melakukan komunikasi dan KPST merencanakan dan melakukan eksperimen. Sementara komponen KPS yang tidak ditemukan dalam buku tersebut adalah komponen KPST definisi operasional variabel.
The Features of Legal Language in British Legislation: a Diachronic Perspective
Authors: Dvořáková Eva
Published: November 2022

The aim of this paper was to explore diachronically the features of legal language in British legislation over 200 years to find out whether the features identified by Crystal and Davy in their seminal work are still present in the current British legislation and whether any changes are due to the natural development of the language or to plain language efforts. Further, the paper explores lexical diversity and readability. For these purposes, five corpora of British legislation were compiled from 1820, 1870, 1920, 1970, and 2020. The results show that the current language of British legislation is very different from the legal language described by Crystal and Davy fifty years ago, the plainer texts tend to be lexically less diverse, and the readability measures provide rather inconclusive results.
Cultural Code in Engineering Design
Authors: Kotliar Elena Romanovna
Published: November 2022

The subject of the study is a cultural code that gives the key to deciphering the cultural text of technical design. The object of the study is the language of technical design. The research uses methods of analyzing visual symbols used in technical design, the method of analyzing previous studies, the method of synthesis in conclusions regarding the concept of cultural code. The authors consider the following aspects of the topic: semiotic approach to the theory of culture and the definition of cultural code in visual semiosis; morphology and semantics of technical symbols in engineering design; syntax and pragmatics of cultural text in engineering design. Special attention is paid to the theory of complex analysis of a technical scheme as an example of a holistic cultural text.   The main conclusions of the study are: 1. The semiotic approach to the definition of culture involves considering the sign system from the point of view of the diversity of meanings of its elements (symbols), and identifying three categories of symbols: semantics, pragmatics and syntax. The cultural text of technical design (device diagrams) is (in comparison with the text of art) a stricter, invariant system; however, as in any language, the genesis associated with changes in syntactics can be traced in it. 2. The syntax of the cultural text of technical design can be analyzed only if there is a cultural code of this technical language. This code includes the "alphabet" of symbol elements, their semantics (variety of meanings), pragmatics (scope of application) and syntax (relationships that form a unique schema text). A special contribution of the author to the study of the topic is the systematization of the morphology of pictorial symbols in engineering design from the point of view of cultural studies. The scientific novelty of the research lies in the culturological reading of the technical text.
The School Administration's View on the Organization of Project Activities: Difficulties and Prospects
Authors: Shinicheva Irina Yurievna , Pisarenko Irina Alekseevna
Published: November 2022

The article presents the study of the problems of organizing project activities of primary school students. In the spring of 2022, 62 deputy headmasters of St. Petersburg schools responsible for project activities at the school were interviewed. In the course of the study, problems were classified and the need to create a model for managing the subjects of the educational process when organizing project activities at school was identified. As the results showed, the deputy directors consider social networks and the participation of parents/social partners as experts in joint open events as the most popular forms of interaction within the framework of project activities. Printed and reference materials, according to the respondents, are not popular. Perhaps, when planning the organization of project activities at school, it is worth considering the desired forms of interaction between the subjects-participants in project activities. The methods of empirical research were used: design (questionnaire for deputy school principals responsible for project activities), questionnaire (Google-form), generalization and systematization of the data obtained, quantitative and qualitative analysis. Thus, in the course of the study, the practices of organizing project activities in the schools of St. Petersburg were studied, and the main difficulties in its implementation and possible prospects for improving the quality of education were identified. The analysis of the data obtained showed the need to create a model for managing the subjects of the educational process when organizing project activities at school.
Risk factors of lymph node metastasis in central region of thyroid micropapillary carcinoma-siftdesk
Authors:   Hospital of Chengde Medical College, ZHANG GANG , ZHAO XING , ZHAO MINGZHEN
Published: November 2022

Objective: To investigate the correlation between clinico-pathological features and lymph node metastasis of thyroid micropapillary carcinoma (PTMC). Methods: the clinico-pathological data of 142 cases of thyroid micropapillary carcinoma were collected, the relationship between sex, age, tumor location, multi-focality and cervical lymph node metastasis was analyzed. Results: There was a high rate of lymph node metastasis in male patients with PTMC. There was no significant correlation between age, multifocality and lymph node metastasis. Conclusion: The histological subtypes of PTMC have different clinicopathological characteristics and are important factors for cervical lymph node metastasis. Further evaluation of its histological classification is helpful for clinical treatment strategy.
Improvement of extraction methods of Malian Cashew nut shell liquid-siftdesk
Authors:   CIRAD, UR Biowoeb, 73 rue Jean-François Breton, 34398 Montpellier Cedex 5, France, Valette Jeremy
Published: November 2022

The extraction of cashew nut shell liquid (CNSL) was investigated using five solvents (water, water-methanol mixture, acetone, methanol and hexane) under different extraction conditions. Effects of process parameters such as extraction cycle, pressure, solvent volume and extraction duration were investigated. The best yields of extraction (51.7%) were obtained with water-methanol mixture by using an accelerated solvent extractor (ASE) under pressure at 100 bars. The extraction obtained with water at atmospheric pressure was close to ASE extraction (49.8%). However, the composition of CNSL varied among these different operating conditions. Chemical composition of the extracted oil by ASE or by atmospheric pressure extraction showed minor difference in their composition. The quality of the analyzed extracts was almost equal in cardol, cardanol, anacardol and anacardic acid contents.
Purification and Clean-up of 3-NPA from Sugarcane by using Molecularly Imprinted Polymer Solid Phase Extraction Coupled with HPLC-siftdesk
Authors:   Huazhong Agricultural University, Yan Shoulei , Wang Huixia , Haran Yassin , Fan Zhiyong , Zhang Li , Wan Xugang , Yu Tingting , Jiang Feng
Published: November 2022

The agricultural product is in constant need of improved analytical techniques that can be used to control the manufacturing process and the food safety of the products. A new selective material based on molecularly imprinted polymers (MIPs) were prepared by bulk polymerization methods and used as solid-phase extraction (SPE) sorbent for sample enhancement of 3-nitropropanic acid (3-NPA) in sugarcane samples prior to high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). The objective of this work was to devolved techniques for the extraction, purification, clean up, and preconcentration of 3-NPA from sugarcane samples employing MIP for SPE. The obtained polymers were characterized using field emission scanning electron microscopy, Fourier transforms infrared and the adsorption capacity of SA-SMIP was studied. The developed MISPE method showed excellent linearity in the range of 40–70 mg L with coefﬁcient of determination (r²) >0.9997 and good 3-NPA recoveries of >99% and limits of detection LOD and LOG were ranging from 0.19 mg L to 0.58 mg L, respectively. The method was successfully applied to the analysis of 3-NPA in selected sugarcane samples. MIP-SPE allows not only the analyte to be pre-concentrated but also removed the other compounds from the sample matrix. The MISPE technique has been successfully applied to purification, preconcentration, and clean-up of 3-nitropropionic acid in poisoning sugarcane.
SCOBY papaya beverages induce gut microbiome interaction as potential antiobesity in weight management control supplement-siftdesk
Authors:   Malaysian Agricultural  Research and Development Centre, Koh Soo Peng , Sew Yun Shin , Sabidi Sarah , Maarof Syahida , Sharifudin Shaiful Adzni , Abdullah Rosmawati
Published: November 2022

The prevalence of obese populace is one of the major health concerns worldwide and had caused an economic burden to government and increased consumption of medical resources. In this study, we have developed new fermented papaya beverages using selected symbiotic culture of bacteria and yeast (SCOBY) under controlled biofermentation process. Two-months treatment on high fat diet-induced obese mice with SCOBY papaya beverages showed a remarkable body weight loss of 21.3% (SCOBY papaya leaves) and 23.4% (SCOBY papaya pulp), significantly higher than commercial anti-obesity drug, Orlistat (11.3%). Further investigation on blood glucose profile of all mice groups revealed a healthy level of blood glucose. Haematology analysis of obese mice fed with SCOBY papaya beverages demonstrated no adverse effect. Findings from quantitative PCR (qPCR) technique have disclosed anti-obesity mechanism of SCOBY papaya beverages. The 16S rRNA metagenomics sequencing analysis confirmed that gut microbiome of high fat diet-induced mice treated with individual SCOBY papaya beverage showed an increase in beneficial gut microbe abundances, particularly Bifidobacterium, Faecalibaculum, Akkermansia, Lactobacillus and Bacteroides. Comprehensive evidence findings indicated great potential of SCOBY papaya beverages as a functional drink therapy in weight management control and assist in improving gut microbiome of obese mice to healthier state.
https://www.siftdesk.org/article-details/Application-of-RSM-in-modelling-and-Numerical-optimisation-of-proximate-composition-of-instant-Extruded-kunun-gyadaporridge-from-the-blend-of-sorghum-groundnut/10788-siftdesk
Authors:   Federal University Wukari, Bello M Yunusa , K. B Filli , F. A Jiddum
Published: November 2022

The effect of extrusion parameters on the proximate composition of Kunun-Gyada extrudates was investigated. Fifteen experimental runs were generated using Box-Behnken (RSM) designs and were processed in a single-screw extruder (WSSH-40, Runxiang). The results were subjected to statistical analyses to evaluate for significant (0.01 ≤ p ≤ 0.05) effects between the blends and the extrusion parameters. There was an increase in proximate mean composition of the extrudates, crude protein 11.60 to 13.70%, ash 1.00 to 1.13%, with decrease in both moisture content, crude fiber, crude fat and carbohydrates ranges from 8.60-7.31%, 3.03-2.96%, 6.99-5.40% and 72.32-75.57% respectively. The R2 of all the models were greater than 78% and all were having a non-significant lack-of-fit test. In view of the operability in actual production, the optimal conditions were adjusted as follows: 21.0% FC, 25.0% MC and 110oC BT. Under the adjusted conditions, the responses were 7.89% moisture content, 13.02% crude protein, 3.010% crude fibre, 5.802% fat, Ash 1.070% and 67.268% carbohydrate indicating that the model was adequate for the optimization process. The optimal result could produce kunun-gyada suitable for instant porridge which can potentially be use for industrial projection and sustainable food and nutritional security.
Distribution, purification, and delivery of astaxanthin in food system-siftdesk
Authors:   China Agricultural University, Lv Chenyan , Dai Shuhan , Zang Jiachen
Published: November 2022

A red-colored carotenoid pigment called astaxanthin possess high antioxidant capability, which is valued in biochemical research. Beside the pharmaceutical and cosmetic industries, it has a potential application in food, especially in foods that are beneficial to human health. Natural astaxanthin is abundantly distributed in food, especially in aquatic products, which is the secret of high-quality aquatic products. While the general extraction of natural astaxanthin has low purity and high cost, it is crucial to search a more economical, efficient and environmental-friendly purification method further. Meanwhile, due to the instability and low biological utilization of astaxanthin, the encapsulation of astaxanthin through delivery system plays a vital role in overcoming the challenges mentioned above and breaking the limitation of astaxanthin in food production and application.
How COVID-19 affected pivots of Ophthalmology? The optics and the eyes
Authors: Kaushik Jaya , Riyaz Eram , Singh Ankita , Pannu Anju , Srikanth S. , Anargh Rahul
Published: November 2022

The pandemic has forced the health-care system to adopt newer approach toward patient care. With the changing scenario of health-care delivery, ophthalmologists had to bring about several changes in the way, the patients are seen and operated on. Contact procedures were entirely restricted to emergencies while modifications were introduced to minimize the exposure of the surgeon. However, these modifications were introduced just keeping in mind the spread of infection. The probability that these modifications could affect the optics in ophthalmology is high and cannot be ruled out. The aim of the study was to highlight the effects of modifications introduced in ophthalmic equipment during the pandemic over the visibility for the surgeon and discuss its impact on patient care in ophthalmology. Thorough search of the literature on PubMed using keywords, visibility and personal protective equipment (PPE), fogging and PPE, face mask and fogging, aberrations and PPE, and surgeries and PPE were done. We found 35 articles which highlighted the effects on visibility with PPE and effects on eyes with prolonged wearing of masks. Several factors have contributed to reduction in visibility for the surgeon. These factors have, in turn, affected the overall quality of examination and surgical outcome in ophthalmology. The use of PPE during the pandemic could have been a contributory factor for missing relevant findings during examination of patients. For ophthalmologists in particular, the visibility and optics play a crucial role in the management of the patient and have been invariable affected by introduction of modifications at the instrument and surgeon level.
تحديات تطبيق التعليم عن بعد في المدارس الحكومية من وجهة نظر مديري المدارس والمعلمين في محافظة الداخلية بسلطنة عُمان
Authors: الكندي أفلح أحمد سليمان , الذهلي ربيع المر علي
Published: November 2022

هدفت الدراسة للوقوف على تحديات تطبيق التعليم عن بعد في المدارس الحكومية من وجهة نظر مديري المدارس والمعلمين بمحافظة الداخلية بسلطنة عُمان، واستخدم الباحثان المنهج الوصفي، من خلال استبانة مكونه من أربعة مجالات هي: تحديات متعلقة بالجوانب الإدارية والمالية للمؤسسة، تحديات متعلقة بالطالب، تحديات متعلقة بتدريس المحتوى التعليمي وتقويمه، تحديات متعلقة بالكوادر التدريسية والإدارية، وبعد التأكد من صدقها وثباتها، تم توزيعها على عينة مكونة من (90) مديراً من مديري المدارس، و(914) معلماُ ومعلمة في المدارس الحكومية بمحافظة الداخلية، وكشفت النتائج أن مستوى التحديات تطبيق التعليم عن بعد كما يراها مديرو المدارس والمعلمون، جاء بدرجة كبيرة على المجالات الأربعة، وعلى الدرجة الكلية، وبمتوسط حسابي (3.94) للدرجة الكلية، وبنسبة (73.8%)، كما توصلت النتائج إلى عدم وجود فروق ذات دلالة إحصائية بين متوسطات استجابة مديري المدارس والمعلمين لتحديات تطبيق التعليم عن بعد في المدارس الحكومية من وجهة نظرهم تعزى لمتغير الوظيفة، فيما وجدت فروق ذات دلالة إحصائية بين متوسط الاستجابة تعزى للجنس؛ لصالح فئة الإناث، وقد خرجت الدراسة بجملة من التوصيات التي تؤكد على بعض المقترحات، وإعادة تشريعات ولوائح شؤون الطلبة لتتناسب مع التعلم عن بعد.
Locating the Nordstream explosions using polarization analysis
Authors: Staehler Simon , Zenhäusern Géraldine , Clinton John , Giardini Domenico
Published: November 2022

The seismic events that preceded the leaks in the Nordstream natural gas pipelines in the Baltic Sea have been interpreted as explosions on the seabed. We use a polarization-based location method initially developed for marsquakes to locate the source region without the need for a subsurface velocity model. We show that the 2 largest seismic events can be unambiguously attributed to the methane plumes observed on the sea surface. The two largest events can be located with this method, using 4 and 5 stations located around the source, with the uncertainties in elliptical bounds of 30 x 30 km and 10 x 60 km, respectively. We can further show that both events emitted seismic energy for at least ten minutes after the initial explosion, indicative of resonances in the water column or the depressurizing pipeline.
The Evolution of Primate Short-Term Memory
Authors: ManyPrimates  , Aguenounon Géraud , Allritz Matthias , Altschul Drew , Ballesta Sébastien , Beaud Alice , Bohn Manuel , Bornbusch Sally , Brandão Angela , Brooks James , Bugnyar Thomas , Burkart Judith , Bustamante Léa , Call Josep , Canteloup Charlotte , Cao Chuangshi , Caspar Kai , da Silva Diana , de Sousa Alexandra , DeTroy Sarah , Duguid Shona , Eppley Timothy , Fichtel Claudia , Fischer Julia , Gong Chi , Grange James , Grebe Nicholas , Hanus Daniel , Haun Daniel , Haux Lou , Héjja-Brichard Yseult , Helman Annabella , Hernadi Istvan , Hernandez-Aguilar R. Adriana , Herrmann Esther , Hopper Lydia , Howard Lauren , Huang Lei , Huskisson Sarah , Jacobs Ivo , Jin Zhiyong , Joly Marine , Kano Fumihiro , Keupp Stefanie , Kiefer Evelin , Knakker Balázs , Kóczán Katalin , Kraus Larissa , Kwok Sze Chai , Lefrançois Marie , Lewis Laura , Liu Siyi , Llorente Miquel , Lonsdorf Elizabeth , Loyant Louise , Majecka Katarzyna , Maurits Luke , Meunier Hélène , Mobili Flávia , Morino Luca , Motes-Rodrigo Alba , Nijman Vincent , Ihomi Caroline , Persson Tomas , Pietraszewski Dariusz , Reátiga Parrish Juan , Roig Anthony , Sánchez-Amaro Alejandro , Sato Yutaro , Sauciuc Gabriela-Alina , Schrock Allie , Schweinfurth Manon , Seed Amanda , Shearer Caroline , Šlipogor Vedrana , Su Yanjie , Sutherland Kirsten , Tan Jingzhi , Taylor Derry , Troisi Camille , Völter Christoph , Warren Elizabeth , Watzek Julia , Zablocki-Thomas Pauline
Published: November 2022

Short-term memory is implicated in a range of cognitive abilities and is critical for understanding primate cognitive evolution. To investigate the effects of phylogeny, ecology and sociality on short-term memory, we tested the largest and most diverse primate sample to date (421 non-human primates across 41 species) in an experimental delayed-response task. Our results confirm previous findings that longer delays decrease memory performance across species and taxa. Our analyses demonstrate a considerable contribution of phylogeny over ecological and social factors on the distribution of short-term memory performance in primates; closely related species had more similar short-term memory abilities. Overall, individuals in the branch of Hominoidea performed better compared to Cercopithecoidea, who in turn performed above Platyrrhini and Strepsirrhini. Interdependencies between phylogeny and socioecology of a given species presented an obstacle to disentangling the effects of each of these factors on the evolution of short-term memory capacity. However, this study offers an important step forward in understanding the interspecies and individual variation in short-term memory ability by providing the first phylogenetic reconstruction of this trait’s evolutionary history. The dataset constitutes a unique resource for studying the evolution of primate cognition and the role of short-term memory in other cognitive abilities.
A comparative study of neurobehavioral changes induced by rotenone through oral and intraperitoneal administration
Authors: Suchitra Kavuri  , Senthilkumar Sivanesan
Published: November 2022

Parkinson’s disease is one of the major neurological disorders seen worldwide and associated with many motor and nonmotor symptoms. Rotenone-induced motor and behavior impairments could involve the gut-brain axis which is emphasized in several recent works. To explore how oral and intraperitoneal rotenone toxicity impacts neurobehavioral alterations in Wistar rats. The effect of intraperitoneal (3 mg/kg body weight 21 days) and oral (50 mg/kg body weight for 28 days) rotenone toxicity in male Wistar rats on various neurobehavioral parameters viz., rotarod, actophotometer, rearing behavior and elevated plus maze was comparatively studied. The neurobehavioral studies such as the Rota-rod test, rearing behavior, Elevated plus maze (EPM), and Actophotometer were performed by following standard published protocols and by utilizing the facilities available at the Institution. Kruskal-Wallis one- way ANOVA on ranks with Student-Newman-Keul’s multiple comparisons was used. It was found that both oral and intraperitoneal rotenone treatments had a significant impact on neurobehavioral parameters when compared to their respective controls. Although there were few differences observed in the study set behavioral parameters between intraperitoneal and oral rotenone treatments, it was not significant. The study findings suggest that neurobehavioral alterations caused by oral or intraperitoneal rotenone toxicity are found to be significant. The fact that oral rotenone toxicity has gut-brain axis- related problems can also have a role in PD-related motor/movement and anxiety behavior dysfunctions.
Management of Diabetes Mellitus to Improve the Quality Life of Patients
Authors: Akimana Cedrick  , Janaki Devi Sirisolla  , Joshna Booravilli  , Shubham Yadav
Published: November 2022

Diabetes is non-communicable disorder that is often a result of change in lifestyle or genetic variations among individuals across the globe. Diabetes  is a fatal condition and it is an unpredictable disorder hence it is regarded  as a tragedy, painful, horrible and terrifying disorder. This is why this article is intended to call out readers, researchers and scientists to do whatever could be done to prevent, withstand, overcome or cure diabetes particularly type 2 which is mostly found widely. Although the cure of diabetes has not yet been found, the goal is to be able to alter diabetic patient perceptive about the disorder so that they can bear the disorder as a part of who they are bravely, instead of being affected by the disorder condition, and to gradually alert patient awareness will improve patient disorder state, tolerance and acceptance while science and technology are advancing to find the cure or vaccine. Since this chronic disorder have no cure or vaccine, the patient suffers a lot from not only health problems but also psychological, emotional and financial problems therefore it is essential to develop strength within diabetic patients to withstand the disorder state via treatment, surgery, yoga, meditation, exercise, nutrition and habitual changes. Elevating diabetic mellitus patient’s attitude, knowledge, self-acceptance and strength will result into better patient compliance toward the treatment but also society’s perceptive will be enhanced by care toward diabetic mellitus patients, through various seminars and Counselling.
Formulación de casos desde ACT
Authors:   University of Nevada, Reno, NV, United States, Hayes Steven C. , Strosahl Kirk D. ,   Heart Matters Consulting, Spokane, Washington, US, Luoma Jayson ,   Oregon Health and Science University, Oregon, Portland, US, Smith Alethea A. , Wilson Kelly G. ,   University of Mississippi, University, Mississippi, US, Valero Aguayo Luis ,   Universidad de Málaga, Málaga, Spain, Virues-Ortega Javier ,   The University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
Published: November 2022

Dado que el ACT es un tratamiento contextual, sus intentos de conceptualizar un problema determinado pueden ser diferentes de los modelos tradicionales de conceptualización de casos. El principio más importante del análisis contextual es que no solo se está evaluando un síntoma concreto con una topografía particular; también se está intentando comprender el impacto funcional de las quejas que se presenta el cliente. La misma dolencia clínica puede funcionar de formas radicalmente diferentes para unos clientes que para otros. Por lo tanto, su conceptualización del caso y el plan de tratamiento asociado pueden diferir para clientes con problemas aparentemente similares. Por ejemplo, a muchos pacientes se les diagnostica depresión mayor, episodio único (una categorías diagnóstica) basándose en el número y la gravedad de los síntomas descritos por el paciente (una evaluación topográfica). Sin embargo, en la práctica clínica resulta justo decir que no hay dos pacientes deprimidos iguales. Cada uno es único en cuanto a cómo está organizado su espacio vital, cómo afecta la depresión a su funcionamiento (y viceversa) y cómo las creencias y las conductas depresivas definen el sentido de sí mismo y del mundo exterior de esa persona...
ACT con trastornos afectivos
Authors:   Wichita State University, Wichita, Kansas, US, Zettle Robert D.
Published: November 2022

El propósito de este capítulo es presentar una visión general consolidada de las intervenciones del tratamiento ACT y de los procesos terapéuticos. En el Capítulo 1 describimos la filosofía, la teoría básica y aplicada y los procesos teóricos que definen colectivamente ACT como un sistema clínico. En este capítulo examinaremos los pasos clínicos concretos que se utilizan en la aplicación de este modelo...
ACT para los trastornos de ansiedad
Authors:   American Psychological Association, Washington, Washington D.C., US, Orsillo Susan M. , Roemer Lizabeth ,   Pennsylvania State University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, US, Block-Lerner Jennifer ,   Maplewood, New Jersey, US, Lejeune Chad ,   San Francisco, California, US, Herbert James D. ,   University of South Australia, Adelaide	South Australia, Australia
Published: November 2022

los Estados Unidos. Narrow et al., (2002) combinando datos del Programa de Área de Captación Epidemiológica (ECA) del Instituto Nacional de Salud Mental y de la Encuesta Nacional de Comorbilidad (NCS), estimaron de forma conservadora que la prevalencia en un año de cualquier trastorno de ansiedad era del 13,1% para los adultos entre 18 y 54 años. Estos trastornos tienden a ser crónicos. Las tasas de remisión a los tres años oscilan entre el 16 y el 23% para la fobia social, el trastorno de ansiedad generalizada, la agorafobia y el trastorno de pánico con agorafobia (Keller, 2000, en Barlow, 2002). En un estudio longitudinal, en los primeros 22 meses tras el inicio de un episodio, solo el 18% de los individuos diagnosticados con trastorno de pánico y agorafobia, y alrededor del 43% de los que padecían trastorno de pánico sin agorafobia, se habían recuperado, en comparación con aproximadamente el 80% de los que padecían trastorno depresivo mayor (Hirschfeld, 1996). El estado funcional de los pacientes con trastornos de ansiedad está también deteriorado, como demuestran las tasas más elevadas de dependencia económica, desempleo (p.ej., Leon et al., 1995), peor calidad de vida (Massion et al., 1993) y mayor riesgo de suicidio consumado (Allgulander, 1994)...
ACT para el trastorno de estrés postraumático
Authors: Varra Alethea A. , Follette Victoria M. ,   Florida Institute of Technology, Melbourne, Florida, US
Published: November 2022

Los estudios epidemiológicos realizados en los Estados Unidos indican que las tasas de prevalencia de la exposición a factores estresantes traumáticos pueden alcanzar el 70% de la población adulta (Norris, 1992; Resnick et al., 1993). Las experiencias relacionadas con el trauma se presentan de muchas formas: victimización criminal (violación, asalto, robo a mano armada), agresión doméstica, abuso sexual en la infancia, catástrofes naturales (tornado, incendio) y peligros relacionados con el combate, por nombrar algunas. Las respuestas humanas normales al trauma (insensibilización, desrealización, despersonalización) tienen probablemente un valor adaptativo significativo y con el tiempo tienden a desaparecer a medida que la persona integra el impacto del trauma de forma funcional. Sin embargo, para algunos supervivientes del trauma, esta integración adaptativa no se produce. En su lugar, el impacto del trauma se extiende en sus vidas hasta el punto de que se produce un grave deterioro del funcionamiento psicológico, social y conductual. Los estudios sugieren que alrededor del 8% de la población general acaba desarrollando un trastorno de estrés postraumático (TEPT; Breslau et al., 1991; Kessler et al., 1995). Muchos supervivientes de traumas buscan terapia no solo para abordar sus problemas privados con las secuelas del trauma, sino también para ayudar a reparar los elementos de sus vidas que no funcionan...
ACT para el abuso de sustancias y la dependencia
Authors:   University of Mississippi, University	Mississippi, US, Wilson Kelly G. , Byrd Michelle R. ,   Eastern Michigan University, Ypsilanti, Michigan, US
Published: November 2022

La dependencia y el abuso de drogas han alcanzado proporciones epidémicas. La Encuesta Nacional sobre el Uso de Drogas y la Salud (NSDUH) de 2002 estimó que 22 millones, el 9,4% de los estadounidenses mayores de 12 años cumplen el criterio de diagnóstico de dependencia o abuso de sustancias. Los costes individuales y sociales de la adicción a las drogas y al alcohol son asombrosos. Los costes indirectos totales del abuso de alcohol y drogas pagados por el gobierno, las personas que consumen y sus familias, se estiman siendo conservadores en 245.700 millones de dólares al año (National Institute on Drug Abuse / National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism, 1992). Estos costes incluyen el tratamiento de la adicción, los gastos sanitarios, la pérdida de productividad laboral y la pérdida de ingresos por incapacidad laboral...
ACT para los trastornos mentales graves
Authors:   Carter Psychology Center, Bradenton, Florida, US, Bach Patricia
Published: November 2022

Los trastornos psicóticos en general y la esquizofrenia en particular se han considerado generalmente como trastornos relativamente difíciles de tratar. Aunque los tratamientos psicofarmacológicos están ampliamente disponibles y son eficaces frente a los controles con placebo (Davis et al., 1980), muchos pacientes con trastornos mentales graves (TMG) no responden a los medicamentos. Las tasas de recaída son del 20% anual entre los pacientes que reciben tratamiento psicosocial y medicación antipsicótica, y el doble entre las personas que solo reciben medicación (Gorman, 1996). Los pacientes con TMG también tienden a incumplir el tratamiento, con una elevada utilización de servicios y costes de los mismos, y a tener importantes problemas familiares, financieros y sociales, incluso con el tratamiento disponible (Miner et al., 1997)...