bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Replacing the observed object in a dynamic measuring system
Authors:   St. Petersburg State University, Chashnikov Mikhail V. , Chashnikova Valentina V. ,   St. Petersburg State University
Published: January 2021

In this article the problem of an object state vector estimation is considered. This estimation is obtained by the treatment of measured parameters from several observed objects. In our case, we have two measured parameters that change their values over a certain time interval, but only one of them can be measured at each moment. The problem is to find the moment for switching the measurement from one object to another one in order to minimize the dispersion of one component of the state estimation vector. Previously, the Elfing problem was solved to repeatedly measure fixed parameters using this data in proportion to weight coefficients for processing with the least square method. Then, to change the measured values, a transfer from the discrete model to the continuous one was proposed. This made it possible to obtain an analytical expression dispersion that was dependent of the time moment on the switching. In this article, the estimation of the continuous model error is conducted and the sufficient conditions of using no more than one switching are proven. An example of this method’s application is shown to estimate the sea object coordinates using navigation satellites.
Candidate for practical post-quantum signature scheme
Authors:   St. Petersburg Federal Research Center of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Moldovyan Nikolay A. , Moldovyan Alexandr A. ,   St. Petersburg Federal Research Center of the Russian Academy of Sciences
Published: January 2021

A new criterion of post-quantum security is used to design a practical signature scheme based on the computational complexity of the hidden discrete logarithm problem. A 4-dimensional finite non-commutative associative algebra is applied as algebraic support of the cryptoscheme. The criterion is formulated as computational intractability of the task of constructing a periodic function containing a period depending on the discrete logarithm value. To meet the criterion, the hidden commutative group possessing the 2-dimensional cyclicity is exploited in the developed signature scheme. The public-key elements are computed depending on two vectors that are generators of two different cyclic groups contained in the hidden group. When computing the public key two types of masking operations are used: i) possessing the property of mutual commutativity with the exponentiation operation and ii) being free of such property. The signature represents two integers and one vector S used as a multiplier in the verification equation. To prevent attacks using the value S as a fitting element the signature verification equation is doubled.
Optimal program control in the class of quadratic splines for linear systems
Authors:   St. Petersburg State University, Popkov Alexander S.
Published: January 2021

This article describes an algorithm for solving the optimal control problem in the case when the considered process is described by a linear system of ordinary differential equations. The initial and final states of the system are fixed and straight two-sided constraints for the control functions are defined. The purpose of optimization is to minimize the quadratic functional of control variables. The control is selected in the class of quadratic splines. There is some evolution of the method when control is selected in the class of piecewise constant functions. Conveniently, due to the addition/removal of constraints in knots, the control function can be piecewise continuous, continuous, or continuously differentiable. The solution algorithm consists in reducing the control problem to a convex mixed-integer quadratically-constrained programming problem, which could be solved by using well-known optimization methods that utilize special software.
Sensor bias impact on efficient aeration control during diurnal load variations
Authors: Samuelsson Oscar , Olsson Gustaf , Lindblom Erik , Björk Anders , Carlsson Bengt
Published: January 2021

This study highlights the need to increase our understanding of the interplay between sensor drift and the performance of the automatic control system. The impact from biased sensors on the automatic control systems is rarely considered when different control strategies are assessed in water resource recovery facilities. Still, the harsh measurement environment with negative effects on sensor data quality is widely acknowledged. Simulations were used to show how sensor bias in an ammonium cascade feedback controller impacts aeration energy efficiency and total nitrogen removal in an activated sludge process. Response surface methodology was used to reduce the required number of simulations, and to consider the combined effect of two simultaneously biased sensors. The effects from flow variations, and negatively biased ammonium (−1 mg/L) and suspended solids sensors (−500 mg/L) reduced the nitrification aeration energy efficiency by between 7 and 25%. Less impact was seen on total nitrogen removal. There were no added non-linear effects from the two simultaneously biased sensors, apart from an interaction between a biased ammonium sensor and dissolved oxygen sensor located in the last aerated zone. Negative effects from sensor bias can partly be limited if the expected bias direction is considered when the controller setpoint-limits are defined.
Meaningful Text: Total Hip Replacement Patients’ Lived Experience of a Nursing Care Plan Written in Lay Language
Authors: Thorarinsdottir Kristin , Kristjansson Kristjan
Published: January 2021

Background:

Person-centred care involves respecting patients’ experiences, preferences, and needs, as well as sharing information with them and involving them in care planning. Scant research has been conducted on how it influences patients to have direct access to their care planning when it has been established through the use of standardised care plans or pathways. In the orthopaedic ward in which this study was conducted, a standardised nursing care plan for total hip replacement patients (THR), which was originally written in professional language, was rewritten in lay language and used as peri-operative teaching material for this patient group.

Study Aim:

To explore the meaning THR patients ascribe to the lived experience of reading and retaining their standardised nursing care plan in lay language during their hospital stay.

Methods:

The data collection and analysis followed a method adapted by the Vancouver School of Doing Phenomenology. Data were collected through 12 in-depth interviews with six THR patients.

Results:

The main finding was that the participants acquired knowledge from the text of the care plan that was understandable and meaningful, as evidenced by the empowering impact it had on them. This impact included improved psychological wellbeing, more open communication, and the provision of a tool to keep track of care. Some revisions of the care plan were recommended.

Conclusion:

The study suggests that a patient version of standardised care plans can act as an important educational tool for THR patients that can empower them to manage their health situations.
Evaluation of Family Caregiver Burden among COVID-19 Patients
Authors: Mirzaei Abasat , Raesi Rasoul , Saghari Sam , Raei Mehdi
Published: January 2021

Background:

Coronaviruses are a large group of viruses from the Coronaviridae family. Not only do the coronaviruses disrupt patients' lives, but they also affect caregivers. This study aimed to assess the burden of family caregivers of COVID-19 patients discharged from a hospital in eastern Iran.

Materials and Methods:

A descriptive cross-sectional study was conducted with 210 family caregivers of COVID-19 inpatients and outpatients. A total of 210 COVID-19 patients referred to 22nd-Bahman Hospital of Khaf from March 2020 to June 2020 were selected via simple randomization. Data were collected using the Zarit caregiver burden scale and a demographics form.

Results:

The care burden scores were 83.2% and 80.9% in the family caregivers of inpatients and outpatients, respectively, indicating the severity of care burden for COVID-19 patients. The mean scores of objective, subjective, and subjective-objective caregiver burden were significantly higher in male family caregivers and caregivers of inpatients than in female caregivers and caregivers of outpatients [p <0.01].

Conclusion:

The high objective, subjective, and subjective-objective caregiver burden in family caregivers is an alarm for mental health policy-makers. Therefore, healthcare managers need to consider plans and measures to reduce the care burden of family caregivers of COVID-19 patients.
Prevalence and Associated Factors of Cognitive Impairment and Poor Sleep Quality among Community-Dwelling Older Adults in Northern Thailand
Authors: Nanthakwang Nitayapa , Siviroj Penprapa , Matanasarawoot Anuchart , Sapbamrer Ratana , Lerttrakarnnon Peerasak , Awiphan Ratanaporn
Published: January 2021

Background:

Early detection of cognitive impairment and poor sleep quality are necessary to prevent dementia and the improve the quality of life further. This study aimed to investigate the cognitive impairment and poor sleep quality in the community-dwelling older adults and its association with socio-demographic and health characteristics.

Methods:

A cross-sectional study of 1,180 people in Northern Thailand aged 60 years and above was conducted in 2017. Mental State Examination-Thai version (MSET10) was used to measure cognitive function while the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI) assessed sleep quality. Multiple logistic regression was used to analyze associations.

Results:

The prevalence of CI in older adults was 52.45% (95% CI: 49.64 - 55.42) which increased with age. The prevalence of poor sleep quality was 44.15% (95% CI: 1.29-47.03). Age, illiteracy, hypertension, comorbidities of hypertension and diabetes, alcohol consumption, lack of exercise, and depression were significantly associated with increased risk of CI, while being single, comorbidities of hypertension and diabetes, and depression were significantly associated with poor sleep quality.

Conclusion:

The rate of CI and poor sleep quality in older adults was relatively high in Thailand. Early detection of CI and poor sleep quality and screening for all risk factors are important to improve in access to service, optimization of medical management, reduction in risk factors, and increased quality of life in older adults.
Tip 2 Diyabetli Bireylere Mobil Telefonları Aracılığı ile Uzaktan Verilen Video Eğitimin Diyabetle İlgili Bilgi ve Alışkanlıklara Etkisi
Authors: BAYRAKTAR Ali Kamil , TEKİR Özlem , YILDIZ Hicran
Published: January 2021

Amaç: Bu çalışma, tip 2 diyabetli bireylere mobil telefonları aracılığı ile uzaktan verilen video eğitimin diyabetle ilgili bilgi ve alışkanlıklara etkisini incelemek amacıyla gerçekleştirildi. Yöntem: Araştırmanın evrenini Temmuz 2018-Ocak 2019 tarihleri arasında Balıkesir Atatürk Şehir Hastanesi diyabet polikliniğine başvuran tip 2 diyabetli bireyler; örneklemi ise araştırmaya dahil edilme kriterlerine uyan ve araştırmaya katılmayı kabul eden 50 eğitim grubu ve 50 kontrol grubu olmak üzere toplam 100 Tip 2 diyabetli birey oluşturdu. Verilerin toplanmasında, Diyabetli Birey Tanılama ve Takip Formu kullanıldı. Eğitim grubuna ve kontrol grubuna ilk görüşmede veri toplama formları uygulandı. İlk görüşmeden sonra, kontrol grubu rutin poliklinik takiplerini almaya devam etti. Eğitim grubunda ise bireylerin cep telefonlarına haftada iki kez, toplamda sekiz bölüm diyabet eğitimi videosu gönderildi. Eğitimin tamamlanmasından üç ay sonra olan ikinci görüşmede eğitim grubuna ve kontrol grubuna veri toplama formları tekrar uygulandı. Bulgular: Araştırmada; bireylere verilen video eğitim sonrası eğitim grubunda; diyabetle ilgili bilgi düzeyinin arttığı, akut komplikasyon yaşama oranının azaldığı, düzenli kan şekeri takibi yapanların oranının arttığı, tedaviye uyum, diyete uyum ve düzenli egzersiz yapma alışkanlığında kontrol grubuna göre istatistiksel olarak anlamlı farklılık olduğu saptandı.Sonuç:Çalışmamızda mobil telefonları aracılığı ile uzaktan verilen video eğitimin Tip 2 diyabetli bireylerin diyabetle ilgili bilgi ve alışkanlıkları üzerinde etkili bir yöntem olduğu belirlendi.
The Effectiveness of Parents Income Factor, Genetic Factor and Parents Behavior to Stunting at Sukamaju Village, Sako District, Palembang City
Authors: Turania Konita , Islamy Diah Putri
Published: January 2021

This study aims to examine the effectiveness of parents income factor between genetic factor and parents behavior to stunting at Sukamaju Village, Sako District, Palembang City. Stunting problems describe very bad nutritional problems, influenced by the condition of the mother or expectant mothers, fetal period, and infant or under-five years, including illness suffered during childhood. Analysis of the percentage or coefficient of income levels, genetic factors and the behavior of the elderly in children under five with stunting cases. The results show 39 children under five who experienced stunting out of 100 respondents under five who were studied. The level of income, genetic factors and parental behavior relate to incidence of stunting among toddlers in Sukamaju village
The effectiveness of the Implementation of the Program 3R (Reduce, Reuse, Recycle) In Waste Treatment in Kalidoni District Palembang City
Authors: Hestiriniah Deby Chintia , Austin Trecy
Published: January 2021

The purpose of this study is to investigate and analyze the effectiveness of the Implementation of the Program 3R (reduce, reuse, recycle) in waste processing. This study was conducted in Kalidoni District the City of Palembang. Research using this approach kualitatif with the level of explanation descriptive. As for the type of data used in this research included in this type of qualitative data. Data collection techniques used include in-depth interviews (indepth interview), observation and documentation. The data analysis technique used in this research is a descriptive technique which includes three stages of analysis, namely data reduction, data display and conclusion drawing/verification. From the research conducted, the processing of garbage through the program 3R proclaimed by the District Kalidoni've been running effectively, it can be seen from the indicators of the effectiveness obtained by the researchers that the Level of Success of the Program, the Success Rate of the Target, the Level of satisfaction with the Program, the Level of Input and Output, and the Level of Achievement of the Objectives.
Effectiveness of Policy Implementation in Achievements of The Expected Food Pattern Score (Study in Kutai Kartanegara Regency, East Kalimantan)
Authors: Indarto Kus
Published: January 2021

The purpose of this study is to analyze the effectiveness of achievement policy implementation of Expectation Food Pattern Score in Kutai Kartanegara Regency. This research is a qualitative inquiry, and using descriptive method. The novelty of this study is analyzed expectation food pattern score for whole community, while previous studies analyzed children age 2-6 years. The data collected were analyzed using Interactive Model Analysis by Miles, Huberman and Saldana. The findings in the field show that the implementation of achievement policy implementation of Expectation Food Pattern Score in Kutai Kartanegara Regency has met the criteria of 5 right, namely: right policy, right implementer/actor, right target, right environment, and right proses. In other word, the implementation has been effective.
Preferensi Masyarakat tentang Lingkungan Perumahan yang Ingin Ditinggali
Authors:   SAPPK ITB, Syafrina Andina , Tampubolon Angela Christysonia ,   SAPPK ITB, Suhendri Suhendri ,   SAPPK ITB, Hasriyanti Nunik ,   Prodi Arsitektur, Politeknik Negeri Pontianak, Kusuma Hasriyanti ,   SAPPK ITB
Published: January 2021

Housing development needs to be supported by particular guidelines issued by authorized institute for the achievement of development feasibility. Community participation as the main actors and users also took an important part for housing development to fit the target. Community disappointment is often caused by results that do not match the desires or not according to standards. The aim of this study was to find the preferences of the community related to the housing environment to be occupied, so it can open the new possibility in planning and designing the housing environment. This research uses exploratory qualitative and grounded theory method. Data collection is done through an open-ended online questionnaire and shared freely (non-random sampling). The collected data was analyzed qualitatively using the content analysis methods. The result showed that the five aspects that become the preference of residential environment (5 PRE) namely: environmental comfort, environmental facilities, environmental infrastructure, location and accessibility, building and residential environment design.
Strategi Penataan Kawasan Pantai Klayar Pacitan Sebagai Destinasi Pariwisata Berkelanjutan Dengan Prinsip Arsitektur Ekologis
Authors:   Architecture Department, Universitas Sebelas Maret, Indonesia, Yuliani Sri , Setyaningsih Wiwik ,   Architecture Department, Universitas Sebelas Maret, Indonesia, Winarto Yosafat ,   Architecture Department, Universitas Sebelas Maret, Indonesia
Published: January 2021

The tourism potential of Klayar Beach in Pacitan Regency is increasing along with the development of tourism programs in Indonesia which include the development of coastal areas as natural tourism destinations. The development of the coastal area for the development of the potential of local tourism based on nature requires a handling strategy that takes into account a number of considerations that are in harmony with the environment so that disaster-prone constraints can be minimized, including covering aspects of nature conservation. The strategy for developing Klayar Beach can be done through the application of the principles of Ecological Architecture. The research location in the Klayar Beach area is one of the 9 (nine) priority tourism destinations in the Regency of Pacitan. This study aims to find a regional structuring strategy with the application of the principles of ecological architecture, namely optimizing the value of regional potential and still considering the sustainability of nature. The research uses a descriptive qualitative method by conducting surveys through observation, interviews and comparing theories with relevant regulations. The results of the study are regional structuring strategies to develop the potential of Klayar Beach through structuring tourism areas in accordance with local elements and local culture as well as integrated nature conservation so that it becomes a sustainable tourism destination.
Optimalisasi Kinerja Solar Shading Sebagai Usaha Menurunkan Solar Gain pada Bangunan
Authors:   Program Studi Teknik Sipil, Universitas Islam Malang, Dewi Cynthia Permata , Utomo Joko Budi ,   BMKG Karangploso Malang, Choirotin Ismi ,   Program Studi Teknik Mesin, Universitas Islam Malang
Published: January 2021

A glass facade is commonly used by modern building nowadays, even in the tropical area with its characteristic. Thus, buildings often face a problem with thermal comfort. Passive design strategy supposed to be considered by the architect in order to avoid inconvenience with the heat. This strategy utilized the architectural element as the tools to reach the comfort level. The aim of this study was to optimize the thermal behavior of the building itself by the modification of solar shading types and materials. EnergyPlus was used as a simulation tool in this study. The results show that solar gain exterior window can be reduced by 52,73% by using concrete louvre and wood louvre.
Struktur Hasil Translokasi Bangunan Vernakular Jawa Timur di Kampoeng Djawi Wonosalam
Authors:   Department of Architecture, Engineering Faculty, Universitas Brawijaya, Bagaskara Yohanes Vincent Mahendar , Yusran Yusfan Adeputera ,   Department of Architecture, Engineering Faculty, Universitas Brawijaya
Published: January 2021

Vernacular buildings in Indonesia, especially vernacular buildings of East Java, are increasingly diminishing. Many efforts have been made to maintain the existence of vernacular buildings, one of which is ex-situ conservation by re-using it adaptively as a tourist destination as found in Kampoeng Djawi Wonosalam. Translocation of vernacular buildings to new locations and new function causes changes in vernacular buildings, particularly in its structure. Changes occur as an adaption to new locations and new activities that will be accommodated. The objective of this paper is to describe the structural changes in vernacular buildings as the result of translocation. Qualitative descriptive method is used to find the structural changes, so the results obtained are actual facts. Changes that occur then analyzed with the concept of adaptive exoskeleton building. According to the results of observations and analysis, changes that occur in vernacular building translocation are caused by resilience, safety, and visual factors, as well as fulfillment of new activities.
Perspektif terhadap Kawasan Bersejarah: Kategori Pengunjung berdasarkan Korelasi antara Daya Tarik dan Harapan terhadap Kawasan Braga
Authors:   SAPPK ITB, Salsabila Levana , Kusuma Hanson Endra ,   SAPPK ITB
Published: January 2021

The Braga area is one of the cultural heritage tourist destinations in Bandung with the attraction of its colonial architecture. The emergence of new buildings in the region is presented without giving attention to the surrounding colonial buildings. The visitor’s perspective on the Braga area is an important basis in regional growth and development. This study aims to find the perspective of visitors based on the correlation between their attraction and expectations of the Braga region. The method used in this study was mixed methods (qualitative-quantitative), and data collection was carried out using a survey through a freely distributed online questionnaire (snowball non-random sampling). The collected data is then analyzed qualitatively using content analysis and quantitatively using principal component analysis, factor analysis, and multivariate correlation analysis. The results of the study revealed the existence of two perspectives, namely appreciative and recreational. The appreciative perspective sees Braga as having an attractive heritage of historical buildings and hopes that Braga will become a conservation area. While the recreational perspective regards Braga as an entertainment area that is unique and hopes for the commodification of the Braga area.
Tipologi Taman-Taman Kota berdasarkan Sense of Place Pengunjung
Authors:   SAPPK ITB, Bachtiar Jasmine Chanifah Uzdah , Kusuma Hanson Endra ,   SAPPK ITB
Published: January 2021

The provision of urban green areas, especially urban parks, has been decreasing as higher demand for public facilities in the city. Urban parks, however, provide many benefits for surrounding residents that require effort to sustain them. The current study wants to identify how grouping (typology) of urban parks was based on visitor’s attitudes toward urban parks (sense of place). The data were collected online from the questionnaire, and the data of 211 respondents were collected. The data were then processed quantitatively by open coding, axial coding, and selective coding analyses. The result shows that there were two groups of urban parks based on visitor’s attitudes; they are restorative parks and forest parks. The restorative park can provide restoration benefits for daily visitors, while forest parks can provide not only restoration effects but also visitor’s hobby activities. Based on the duration of the visit to those parks, the level of visitor’s sense of place in the forest park is higher than in the restorative park. The role of the architect and urban planner is needed to design urban parks that can develop visitor’s sense of place, such as providing a place for attraction, physical activity, walking, photography, relaxation, and enjoy the atmosphere.
Konsep Penataan Ruang Terbuka Publik berdasarkan Pola Aktivitas Pengguna (Studi Kasus Alun-alun Kota Bekasi)
Authors:   Jurusan PWK, Fakultas Teknik, Universitas Brawijaya, Ramadhan Nur Arief , Purnamasari Wulan Dwi ,   Jurusan PWK, Fakultas Teknik, Universitas Brawijaya, Setyono Deni Agus ,   Jurusan PWK, Fakultas Teknik, Universitas Brawijaya
Published: January 2021

Bekasi City Square is one of the public green open spaces chosen by the people of Bekasi City. However, Bekasi City Square still has problems in the provision and quality of facilities to support users' activities, such as the unavailability of trading areas, lack of lighting and security facilities, damage to children's play areas and toilets, and lack of parking facilities. Therefore, this research was conducted to formulate the physical structuring concept of Bekasi City Square. The structuring concept is produced through behavior mapping analysis, comparative analysis, good public space index analysis, and kano analysis. Behavior mapping analysis is used to determine the distribution of activities and activity actors used as input in analyzing a good public space index. Comparative analysis and good public space index analysis are used to measure physical quality and space utilization in Bekasi City Square. Kano analysis is used to determine the priority of the structuring concept carried out for each attribute. The results of this study formulated the concept of structuring the Bekasi City Square on each attribute in the form of provision of facilities, improved quality of facilities, and a diversity of facilities.
Kajian Penggunaan Ruang dan Kesehatan Lingkungan Suku Saga di Kabupaten Ende
Authors:   Fakultas Pertanian, Universitas Tribhuwana Tunggadewi, Setyabudi Irawan , Ngama Kristoforus Wasa ,   Fakultas Pertanian, Universitas Tribhuwana Tunggadewi, Hastutiningtyas Wahidyanti Rahayu ,   Fakultas Ilmu Kesehatan, Universitas Tribhuwana Tunggadewi
Published: January 2021

Saga Village, Ende Regency, East Nusa Tenggara has a traditional house that becomes its identity, namely Sa’o. Unlike ordinary traditional houses, Sa’o has a customary leader in each house. Thus, the house is not just a place to live but also shows the social hierarchy. Visually, the floor plan is a square with a very steep roof angle so that the roof is visible. The philosophy follows the analogy of the human body, that is, lewu (pedestal/ foot), one (wall/ body), gara (roof/ head). On the macro scale, the Saga settlement pattern follows the contour pattern. There are about 20 houses with the same typology. The use of space in cultural activities is not yet identified. Besides, the position of the contoured landscape without shade and surrounded by forests has a vulnerability to several diseases. The link between space use and environmental health also has not yet been explained. Continuing from previous research on space cosmology, the micro aspect in this study deals with the physical identification of traditional houses. In contrast, in the macro aspect, it discusses the use of space for cultural activities and aspects of environmental health. The data collection was carried out through focus group discussions (FGD) and analyzed using a descriptive qualitative method with an ethnographic approach. The results of this study are descriptions of spaces used for cultural activities at a particular time and place as well as efforts to improve public environmental health. In conclusion, Saga people have local wisdom in terms of traditional architecture, in addition to the intangible form of inherited traditions and efforts to improve environmental health.
Hubungan Nilai-nilai Pola Pikir dan Perilaku Ramah Lingkungan Siswa Sekolah Dasar Adiwiyata
Authors:   SAPPK ITB, Kusuma Yudhistira , Kusuma Hanson Endra ,   SAPPK ITB
Published: January 2021

The declining quality of the environment lately requires a change in human’s environmental value and behavior. This change can be achieved through environmental education in schools. Indonesia has recently promoted the Adiwiyata school program to encourage environmental education. This study aims to reveal the dimensions of value (NEP) and behavior (GEB) that occur in students at Adiwiyata school and explain the relationship between the two to evaluate the extent to which Adiwiyata's concepts can interfere with students' thought patterns and behavior. Through principal component analysis and factor analysis, six dimensions of student’s NEP were found in Adiwiyata Elementary School, respectively: "Destructive Interventions", "Conservative Interventions", "Exploitation of Nature", "Environmental Education", "Sustainable Environments", and "Environmental Insights". Besides, four dimensions of student’s GEB were found at Adiwiyata Elementary School, respectively: "Pro-Environmental Attitudes (Individual)", "Pro-Environmental Attitudes (Group)", "Waste of Natural Resources & Energy", and "Efficiency of Natural Resources & Energy". Furthermore, correlation analysis shows that these values and behavior tend to only be realized in the school environment.
Ni-Silica-based Catalysts for CH4 Reforming by CO2 with Enhanced Stability: Recent Designs and the Impacts of Ni Confinement, Promoters, and Core-Shell Structures
Authors:   Lebanese University, Laboratoire de Chimie Physique des Matériaux (LCPM/PR2N), Faculté des Sciences II, Campus Fanar, BP 90696 Jdeideh, Lebanon, Daoura Oscar ,   Sorbonne Université, CNRS, Laboratoire de Réactivité de Surface, LRS, Campus Pierre et Marie Curie, F-75005 Paris, France, Boutros Maya , Launay Franck
Published: January 2021

CO2 reforming of CH4, also referred to as the Dry Reforming of Methane (DRM), is considered an excellent method to produce H2 and CO (syngas), which are known to be used for the production of higher alkanes and oxygenates. Despite nickel’s moderate toxicity, Ni-based heterogeneous catalysts are considered excellent candidates for use in DRM due to their reasonable performances and economic advantages. However, these materials also present severe drawbacks, such as sintering of the active phase and coke (carbon) deposition, which may, in certain cases, lead to severe catalyst deactivation. Several synthesis strategies, mostly based on the stabilization of nickel through oxide support, have been developed to overcome these issues. Silica-based materials are investigated widely due to their availability, high surface area, and the confinement capacity conferred by their controlled porosity. The present review summarizes the progress in the design of Ni/silica-based catalysts for the dry reforming of methane between the years 2015 and 2018. The different strategies implemented are discussed to assist future research works in designing the anti-coking and anti-sintering nickel-silica-based catalysts.
Quantum Theory of EEG with Application to the Single-Trial ERP Analysis
Authors:   Kaoskey Pty. Ltd. Sydney, Australia, Melkonian Dmitriy ,   Westmead Clinical School, Faculty of Medicine and Health, University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia
Published: January 2021

The probabilistic formalism of quantum mechanics is used to quantitatively link the electroencephalogram (EEG) with the underlying microscale activity of cortical neurons. Previous approaches applied methods of classic physics to reconstruct the EEG in terms of explicit physical models of cortical neurons and the volume conductor. However, the multiplicity of cellular processes with extremely intricate mixtures of deterministic and random factors prevented the creation of consistent biophysical parameter sets. To avoid the uncertainty surrounding the physical attributes of the neuronal ensembles, we undertake here a radical departure from deterministic equations of classical physics to the probabilistic reasoning of quantum mechanics. The crucial step is the relocation of the elementary bioelectric sources from cellular to molecular level. Using a novel method of time-frequency analysis with adaptive segmentation for digital processing of empirical EEG and single trial event related potentials (ERPs), we found universal “building blocks” of these cortical processes both in the frequency and time domains. This result is qualified as a phenomenon known in statistical physics and quantum mechanics as universality. Therationale is that despite dramatic differences in the cellular machineries, the statistical factors governed by the central limit theorem produce the EEG waveform as a statistical aggregate of the synchronized activities of large ensembles of closely located cortical neurons. Using these theoretical and empirical findings the probabilistic laws that control the microscale machinery generating the EEG are deduced.
Oferta tecnológica para la cadena de la guayaba
Authors: Deantonio Florido Leidy Yibeth , Ocampo Osorio Luis Augusto , López González Ximena
Published: January 2021

El presente documento reúne información de referencia para nueve ofertas tecnológicas desarrolladas por AGROSAVIA y sus aliados estratégicos que abordan tres áreas temáticas, y que fueron generadas con el propósito de contribuir al incremento de la competitividad y la sostenibilidad de la cadena de la guayaba.
Promoting Mask Use on TikTok: Descriptive, Cross-sectional Study
Authors: Basch Corey H , Fera Joseph , Pierce Isabela , Basch Charles E
Published: January 2021

Background

Over the past decade, there has been an increasing secular trend in the number of studies on social media and health.

Objective

The purpose of this cross-sectional study was to examine the content and characteristics of TikTok videos that are related to an important aspect of community mitigation—the use of masks as a method for interrupting the transmission of SARS-CoV-2.

Methods

In total, 100 trending videos with the hashtag #WearAMask (ie, a campaign on TikTok), along with 32 videos that were posted by the World Health Organization (WHO) and involved masks in any way (ie, all related WHO videos at the time of this study), were included in our sample. We collected the metadata of each post, and created content categories based on fact sheets that were provided by the WHO and the US Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. We used these fact sheets to code the characteristics of mask use.

Results

Videos that were posted on TikTok and had the hashtag #WearAMask garnered almost 500 million views, and videos that were posted by the WHO garnered almost 57 million views. Although the ratio of the number of trending #WearAMask videos to the number of WHO videos was around 3:1, the #WearAMask videos received almost 10 times as many cumulative views as the WHO videos. In total, 68% (68/100) of the trending #WearAMask videos involved humor and garnered over 355 million cumulative views. However, only 9% (3/32) of the WHO videos involved humor. Furthermore, 27% (27/100) of the trending #WearAMask videos involved dance and garnered over 130 million cumulative views, whereas none of the WHO videos involved dance.

Conclusions

This study is one of the first to describe how TikTok is being used to mitigate the community spread of COVID-19 by promoting mask use. Due to the platform’s incredible reach, TikTok has great potential in conveying important public health messages to various segments of the population.
Development of an Evidence-Based Best Practice Model for Teams Managing Crisis in Dementia: Protocol for a Qualitative Study (Preprint)
Authors: Stanyon Miriam , Streater Amy , Coleston-Shields Donna Maria , Yates Jennifer , Challis David , Dening Tom , Hoe Juanita , Lloyd-Evans Brynmor , Mitchell Shirley , Moniz-Cook Esme , Poland Fiona , Prothero David , Orrell Martin
Published: January 2021

BACKGROUND

Teams working in the community to manage crisis in dementia currently exist, but with widely varying models of practice, it is difficult to determine the effectiveness of such teams.

OBJECTIVE

The aim of this study is to develop a “best practice model” for dementia services managing crisis, as well as a set of resources to help teams implement this model to measure and improve practice delivery. These will be the best practice tool and toolkit to be utilized by teams to improve the effectiveness of crisis teams working with older people with dementia and their caregivers. This paper describes the protocol for a prospective study using qualitative methods to establish an understanding of the current practice to develop a “best practice model.”

METHODS

Participants (people with dementia, caregivers, staff members, and stakeholders) from a variety of geographical areas, with a broad experience of crisis and noncrisis work, will be purposively selected to participate in qualitative approaches including interviews, focus groups, a consensus workshop, and development and field testing of both the best practice tool and toolkit.

RESULTS

Data were collected between October 2016 and August 2018. Thematic analysis will be utilized to establish the current working of teams managing crisis in dementia in order to draw together elements of the best practice.

CONCLUSIONS

This is the first study to systematically explore the requirements needed to fulfill effective and appropriate home management for people with dementia and their caregivers at the time of mental health crisis, as delivered by teams managing crisis in dementia. This systematic approach to development will support greater acceptability and validity of the best practice tool and toolkit and lay the foundation for a large scale trial with teams managing crisis in dementia across England to investigate the effects on practice and impact on service provision, as well as the associated experiences of people with dementia and their caregivers.

INTERNATIONAL REGISTERED REPORT

RR1-10.2196/14781
Effectiveness of Smartphone-Based Mindfulness Training on Maternal Perinatal Depression: Randomized Controlled Trial (Preprint)
Authors: Sun Yaoyao , Li Yanyan , Wang Juan , Chen Qingyi , Bazzano Alessandra N , Cao Fenglin
Published: January 2021

BACKGROUND

Despite potential for benefit, mindfulness remains an emergent area in perinatal mental health care, and evidence of smartphone-based mindfulness training for perinatal depression is especially limited.

OBJECTIVE

The objective of this study was to evaluate the effectiveness of a smartphone-based mindfulness training intervention during pregnancy on perinatal depression and other mental health problems with a randomized controlled design.

METHODS

Pregnant adult women who were potentially at risk of perinatal depression were recruited from an obstetrics clinic and randomized to a self-guided 8-week smartphone-based mindfulness training during pregnancy group or attention control group. Mental health indicators were surveyed over five time points through the postpartum period by online self-assessment. The assessor who collected the follow-up data was blind to the assignment. The primary outcome was depression as measured by symptoms, and secondary outcomes were anxiety, stress, affect, sleep, fatigue, memory, and fear.

RESULTS

A total of 168 participants were randomly allocated to the mindfulness training (n=84) or attention control (n=84) group. The overall dropout rate was 34.5%, and 52.4% of the participants completed the intervention. Mindfulness training participants reported significant improvement of depression (group × time interaction χ24=16.2, P=.003) and secondary outcomes (χ24=13.1, P=.01 for anxiety; χ24=8.4, P=.04 for positive affect) compared to attention control group participants. Medium between-group effect sizes were found on depression and positive affect at postintervention, and on anxiety in late pregnancy (Cohen d=0.47, –0.49, and 0.46, respectively). Mindfulness training participants reported a decreased risk of positive depressive symptom (Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale [EPDS] score>9) compared to attention control participants postintervention (odds ratio [OR] 0.391, 95% CI 0.164-0.930) and significantly higher depression symptom remission with different EPDS reduction scores from preintervention to postintervention (OR 3.471-27.986). Parity did not show a significant moderating effect; however, for nulliparous women, mindfulness training participants had significantly improved depression symptoms compared to nulliparous attention control group participants (group × time interaction χ24=18.1, P=.001).

CONCLUSIONS

Smartphone-based mindfulness training is an effective intervention in improving maternal perinatal depression for those who are potentially at risk of perinatal depression in early pregnancy. Nulliparous women are a promising subgroup who may benefit more from mindfulness training.

CLINICALTRIAL

Chinese Clinical Trial Registry ChiCTR1900028521; http://www.chictr.org.cn/showproj.aspx?proj=33474
Assessing the International Transferability of a Machine Learning Model for Detecting Medication Error in the General Internal Medicine Clinic: Multicenter Preliminary Validation Study (Preprint)
Authors: Chin Yen Po Harvey , Song Wenyu , Lien Chia En , Yoon Chang Ho , Wang Wei-Chen , Liu Jennifer , Nguyen Phung Anh , Feng Yi Ting , Zhou Li , Li Yu Chuan Jack , Bates David Westfall
Published: January 2021

BACKGROUND

Although most current medication error prevention systems are rule-based, these systems may result in alert fatigue because of poor accuracy. Previously, we had developed a machine learning (ML) model based on Taiwan’s local databases (TLD) to address this issue. However, the international transferability of this model is unclear.

OBJECTIVE

This study examines the international transferability of a machine learning model for detecting medication errors and whether the federated learning approach could further improve the accuracy of the model.

METHODS

The study cohort included 667,572 outpatient prescriptions from 2 large US academic medical centers. Our ML model was applied to build the original model (O model), the local model (L model), and the hybrid model (H model). The O model was built using the data of 1.34 billion outpatient prescriptions from TLD. A validation set with 8.98% (60,000/667,572) of the prescriptions was first randomly sampled, and the remaining 91.02% (607,572/667,572) of the prescriptions served as the local training set for the L model. With a federated learning approach, the H model used the association values with a higher frequency of co-occurrence among the O and L models. A testing set with 600 prescriptions was classified as substantiated and unsubstantiated by 2 independent physician reviewers and was then used to assess model performance.

RESULTS

The interrater agreement was significant in terms of classifying prescriptions as substantiated and unsubstantiated (κ=0.91; 95% CI 0.88 to 0.95). With thresholds ranging from 0.5 to 1.5, the alert accuracy ranged from 75%-78% for the O model, 76%-78% for the L model, and 79%-85% for the H model.

CONCLUSIONS

Our ML model has good international transferability among US hospital data. Using the federated learning approach with local hospital data could further improve the accuracy of the model.
mPulse Mobile Sensing Model for Passive Detection of Impulsive Behavior: Exploratory Prediction Study (Preprint)
Authors: Wen Hongyi , Sobolev Michael , Vitale Rachel , Kizer James , Pollak JP , Muench Frederick , Estrin Deborah
Published: January 2021

BACKGROUND

Mobile health technology has demonstrated the ability of smartphone apps and sensors to collect data pertaining to patient activity, behavior, and cognition. It also offers the opportunity to understand how everyday passive mobile metrics such as battery life and screen time relate to mental health outcomes through continuous sensing. Impulsivity is an underlying factor in numerous physical and mental health problems. However, few studies have been designed to help us understand how mobile sensors and self-report data can improve our understanding of impulsive behavior.

OBJECTIVE

The objective of this study was to explore the feasibility of using mobile sensor data to detect and monitor self-reported state impulsivity and impulsive behavior passively via a cross-platform mobile sensing application.

METHODS

We enrolled 26 participants who were part of a larger study of impulsivity to take part in a real-world, continuous mobile sensing study over 21 days on both Apple operating system (iOS) and Android platforms. The mobile sensing system (mPulse) collected data from call logs, battery charging, and screen checking. To validate the model, we used mobile sensing features to predict common self-reported impulsivity traits, objective mobile behavioral and cognitive measures, and ecological momentary assessment (EMA) of state impulsivity and constructs related to impulsive behavior (ie, risk-taking, attention, and affect).

RESULTS

Overall, the findings suggested that passive measures of mobile phone use such as call logs, battery charging, and screen checking can predict different facets of trait and state impulsivity and impulsive behavior. For impulsivity traits, the models significantly explained variance in sensation seeking, planning, and lack of perseverance traits but failed to explain motor, urgency, lack of premeditation, and attention traits. Passive sensing features from call logs, battery charging, and screen checking were particularly useful in explaining and predicting trait-based sensation seeking. On a daily level, the model successfully predicted objective behavioral measures such as present bias in delay discounting tasks, commission and omission errors in a cognitive attention task, and total gains in a risk-taking task. Our models also predicted daily EMA questions on positivity, stress, productivity, healthiness, and emotion and affect. Perhaps most intriguingly, the model failed to predict daily EMA designed to measure previous-day impulsivity using face-valid questions.

CONCLUSIONS

The study demonstrated the potential for developing trait and state impulsivity phenotypes and detecting impulsive behavior from everyday mobile phone sensors. Limitations of the current research and suggestions for building more precise passive sensing models are discussed.

CLINICALTRIAL

ClinicalTrials.gov NCT03006653; https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT03006653