bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Growth and Proline Content of Irradiated in Vitro Shoots of Ubi Kuning Cassava Genotype Cultured at Different Temperatures
Authors: Supatmi Supatmi , Rahman Nurhamidar , Hartati N Sri
Published: October 2018

Cassava (Manihot esculenta) is an important crop to food security under climate change due to its various tolerance mechanism under stress conditions. However, the sustainable growth of cassava in the field depends on many factors especially temperature. The objective of the research was to investigate the growth performances and proline contents of irradiated Ubi Kuning at dosage of 10 Gy, cultured in Murashige Skoog (MS) hormone-free solid medium for 4 weeks at three different temperature treatments i.e 25oC, 28oC and 30oC. Each treatment consisted of 3 clone explants with 5 replicates. Results show that growth performances of irradiated plantlets were better compared to that of non-irradiated plantlets in terms of plant height and number of leaves at all temperature tested. The best growth performances were obtained from irradiated plantlets grown under 30oC. The proline content of irradiated Ubi Kuning was high when they were grown under 25 oC and 30oC, implying that these plantlets had the possibility to tolerant to lower and higher-temperature condition. This study is initially useful to find out the growth ability of irradiated Ubi Kuning in response to lower and higher temperature.
Proposta de intervenção ensino-serviço de Práticas Integrativas e Complementares
Authors: Zanella Ângela Kemel , Ramires Caroline Cadore , Rocco Cristina Peres , Silva Morgana Duarte da
Published: October 2018

A Política Nacional de Práticas Integrativas e Complementares (PNPIC) no Sistema Único de Saúde (SUS) contempla sistemas médicos complexos e recursos terapêuticos, com ênfase na escuta acolhedora, no desenvolvimento do vínculo terapêutico e na integração do ser humano com o meio ambiente e a sociedade. O presente relato de experiência tem como objetivo compartilhar as estratégias utilizadas pelo Ambulatório de Práticas Integrativas e Complementares no SUS, para a implementação das Práticas Integrativas e Complementares (PICs), bem como da capacitação dos recursos humanos produzidos pela universidade. Essa experiência foi gerada a partir do projeto de extensão “Ambulatório de Práticas Integrativas e Complementares no SUS”. O projeto constitui-se de capacitações - realizadas por docentes e especialistas, e atendimentos aos usuários oriundos do SUS que apresentavam dor musculoesquelética, pelos acadêmicos participantes das capacitações. Foram realizadas aproximadamente 15 capacitações no ano de 2017 sobre diversos temas envolvendo PICs. Nelas participaram 116 sujeitos e 94,67% deles aprovaram as qualificações. Posteriormente, os acadêmicos foram convidados a atender a comunidade, sob supervisão e atuação dos profissionais especialistas nas técnicas supracitadas. Até o presente momento, foram realizados mais de 250 atendimentos e os pacientes relataram redução significativa do seu nível de dor após os atendimentos com PICs. Concluiu-se que as capacitações contribuíram muito para a formação dos participantes, bem como, os atendimentos apresentaram bons resultados de melhora da dor dos pacientes, o que contribui para que continuemos com ambas as ações, visando a ampliação delas.
Conhecimento do tema plantas medicinais e fitoterápicos como instrumento tecnológico na formação dos acadêmicos de enfermagem
Authors: Correa Natalia , Soares Maria Cristina Flores , Muccillo-Baisch Ana Luiza
Published: October 2018

O trabalho investigou sobre o conhecimento dos acadêmicos de enfermagem sobre as terapias alternativas complementares (TAC). Trata-se de um estudo transversal e analítico, realizado com a aplicação de questionário direcionado a alunos de Enfermagem em 2010. Participaram 156 acadêmicos a maioria formada por mulheres jovens e solteiras cm idade média de 23,6 anos. A maioria dos entrevistados (67,9%) conhecem as TAC, principalmente as massagens, acupuntura, terapia floral, reiki, homeopatia, musicoterapia e fitoterapia. utilizam-nas, e conhecem pessoas que usam destas práticas terapêuticas. A aquisição do conhecimento se deu principalmente em livros (49,2%) e revistas (64,7%) e 53,2% utilizam as TAC para o autocuidado. Apenas 30,1% discutiram o tema com docentes. Constatou-se que a maioria (98,1%) desconhece a Política Nacional de Plantas Medicinais e Fitoterápicos e a Políticas Intersetorial de Plantas Medicinais do RS. Mesmo assim os acadêmicos sao favoráveis a implantação de disciplina curricular abordando o tema. Assim, conclui-se que existe um ambiente favorável para a abordagem do tema no currículo do curso.
PL-005 Effects of Strength-endurance training on muscle damage after tennis competition
Authors: Okmen Mehmet Serif , Polat Metin
Published: October 2018

Objective The present study aimed to identify the level of muscle damage that develops after a tennis match, and to investigate the potential effects of eight weeks of strength-endurance training on the level of this muscle damage.

Methods The study included 30 male tennis players aged 18 years and above who had been actively playing tennis matches at least for five years, and who voluntarily agreed to take part in the study. The participants were classified into two groups, consisting of 15 experimental subjects and 15 controls. To begin with, all of the participants played tennis matches for three hours according to the international rules of the game, and partners were changed every one hour. In order to determine the level of muscle damage after the tennis match, the blood levels of Creatinine Kinase (CK), Lactate Dehydrogenase (LDH), Aminotransferase (ALT) and Myoglobin were measured prior to the matches, and immediately, 24 hours, and 48 hours after the completion of the match. Afterwards, the participants in both groups engaged in eight weeks of tennis training three days a week for 90 minutes per day. The participants in the experimental group additionally carried out eight weeks of strength-endurance training three days a week for 90 minutes per day. The abovementioned measurements were repeated in both groups at the end of the eighth week.

Results The CK values of the experimental and control groups, which were measured simultaneously before the training programs, were not significantly different, while after the eight-week training program, the CK values measured immediately after the match (<0.001) and 48 hours (p<0.05) after the match were significantly lower in the experimental group when compared to the control group. LDH values, which were simultaneously measured prior to the training programs, were also not significantly different between the experimental and control groups, while those measured immediately after the match (p<0.05) and 24 hours (p<0.05) after the match were significantly lower in the experimental group when compared to the control group after the training program. The ALT and myoglobin levels, which were measured simultaneously in both groups after the training program also slightly decreased, but the difference between two groups was not statistically significant.

Conclusions The results of the present study demonstrate that strength-endurance training, carried out in addition to an eight-week regular tennis training program, resulted in a significant decrease in markers of muscle damage after a tennis match played for the same duration at the same intensity.
PL - 027 Up-regulation of NRG1 improves cardiac repair in zebra fish and involved in the cardioprotective effects of exercise training in rats of myocardial infarction
Authors: Cai Mengxin , Du Shaojun , Tian Zhenjun
Published: October 2018

Objective Myocardial infarction (MI) remains a leading cause of morbidity and mortality worldwide. Exercise training could improve cardiac function following MI. However, the mechanisms are still not well-known. Neuregulin 1 (NRG1)plays an important role in heart development and regeneration.In this study, we investigated the effect of NRG1 on cardiac regeneration in a zebrafish model, detected whether exercise could improve cardiac function through regulating NRG1 expression in infarcted heart and explore the possible role of up-regulation of NRG1 in skeletal muscle play in the cardioprotective effects in rats with MI.

Methods Transgenic zebrafish line, cmlc2:CreERandβ-act2:BSNrg1,wereusedto study the effect of NRG1 on heart growth and regeneration after injury. PCNA was detected by immunofluorescence staining andmRNAexpression of gata4, nkx2.5, tbx5, smyd1b, hsp90α and murf were tested by RT-PCR.Sprague-Dawley rats were used to establish MI model and underwent fourweeks of exercise training (ET) or pAAV-{dMCK promoter}rNRG1-eGFP intervention.AG1478 was used asan inhibitor of NRG1/ErbBs signaling pathway. Cardiac function and structure,cardiomyocyte proliferation and NRG1 expression were detected in the heart or skeletal.

Results Cardiac-specific overexpression of NRG1 induced cardiac hypertrophy and cardiomyocyte proliferation, regulated the mRNA expression of gata4, nkx2.5, tbx5, smyd1b, hsp90α andmurf in uninjuriedzebrafish, and promote cardiac repair and regeneration after injury in the zebrafish.Exercise activated NRG1/ErbBs signaling pathway, improved cardiac remodeling and heart function, enhanced cardiomyocyte proliferation, reduced cardiomyocyte apoptosis, ROS level and MuRF1 protein expression in rats with MI. BlockingErbB signaling attenuated the ET-induced cardioprotection effects in rat with MI.up-regulation of NRG1 expression in skeletal muscle could increase the protein level of NRG1 in serum and infarcted heart, improve cardiomyocyte proliferation and reduce the level of cardiac fibrosis, finally promote cardiac function.

Conclusions Up-regulation of NRG1 expression in the heart or skeletal musclemay be one of the underlying mechanisms of thebeneficial effects of exercise training following MI.
PL - 038 Habitual swimming exercise induced partial resistance to rat Alzheimer's disease
Authors: Cheng-Yi Liu Timon , Zhang Quan-Guang , Wu Chong-Yun , Yang Luo-Dan , Zhu Ling , Duan Rui
Published: October 2018

Objective  In MSSE, we have divided male 2.5-month-old Sprague-Dawley rats into the following 4 groups: control (C), habitual swimming (SW), Alzheimer’s disease (AD) induction without swimming (AD), and habitual swimming and then AD induction (SA), and found the perfect resistance of habitual swimming to AD induction by using the P value statistics of the 5 behavior parameters of rats and the 23 physiological and biochemical parameters of their hippocampus. The topological difference  of four groups were further calculated in this paper by using quantitative difference (QD) and self-similar approach.

Methods 1. The logarithm to base golden section τ (lt) is called golden logarithm. It was found that σ=ltσ ≈ 0.710439287156503. 2. For a process from x1 to x2, lx(1,2)=lt(x2/x1) and its absolute vale are called the process logarithm and its QD, QDx(1,2). There are QD threshold values (αx,βx,γx) of function x which can be calculated in terms of σ. The function x is kept to be constant if QDx(1,2) < αx. A function in/far from its function-specific homeostasis is called a normal/dysfunctional function. A normal function can resist a disturbance under its threshold so that QDx(1,2) < βx. A dysfunctional function is defined as the QD is significant if βx ≦QDx(1,2) < γx and extraordinarily significant if QDx(1,2) ≧ γx. 3. Self-similarity was studied in the fractal literature: a pattern is self-similar if it does not vary with spatial or temporal scale. First-order self-similarity condition leads to the power law between two data sets A = {xi} and B = {yi}; yi = ai xi if the QDi of ai and the average of {ai} is smaller than βmin=min{βi} and the average QD of {QDi} is smaller than αmin=min{αi}. 4. The σ algorithm for integrative biology was established based on high-order self-similarity. Those parameters that contribute to the topological difference were the biomarkers.

Results The 28 dimension data set consisted of all the 28 parameters. The first-order self-similarity held true for the 28 dimension data sets between groups C and SW. The topological algorithm of other groups suggested three AD biomarkers, protein carbonyl, granules density of presynaptic synaptophysin in the hippocampal CA1 and malondialdehyde intensity. The first two biomarkers were completely reversed by exercise pretreatment, but the third biomarker was partially reversed.

Conclusions  Exercise pretraining exerts partial benefits on AD that support its use as a promising new therapeutic option for prevention of neurodegeneration in the elderly and/or AD population.
Effects of power resistance exercise and feeding on the expression of putative mechanosensing proteins in skeletal muscle of resistance-trained men
Authors: Wette Stefan , Smith Heather K , Lamb Graham D. , Murphy Robyn M
Published: October 2018

Objective Power resistance exercise involves high intensity (load and velocity) dynamic muscular contractions and is frequently performed by athletes to enhance performance via improved muscle function. To investigate the remodelling processes that contribute to improved muscle function, we investigated the expression of putative mechanosensing genes implicated in this process (Kojic et al., 2011): titin-linked Muscle Ankyrin Repeat Protein (MARPs) family CARP, Ankrd 2 and DARP, and the Z-disc associated muscle-LIM protein (MLP) in healthy, resistance-trained men (n = 7) following 90 min of rest (Rest) or power resistance exercise, with (Ex + Meal) or without (Ex only) feeding during recovery.
Methods Percutaneous needle biopsy samples were obtained from the vastus lateralis of resistance-trained males using local anesthetic (2% Xylocaine), 3 h after performing each of the three experimental trials on separate days.
Previously, we presented results from this study showing that the mRNA levels of CARP (~15-fold) and MLP (~2.5-fold) were upregulated in human skeletal muscle 3 h post power resistance exercise (Wette et al., 2012). Based on these results, we performed protein analyses on the same muscle samples to determine the protein levels of all MARPs and MLP in whole muscle homogenates after Rest, Ex only and Ex + Meal. To assess whether the exercise elicited a stress response in these resistance-trained individuals, the level of phosphorylated heat shock protein 27 at serine 15 (pHSP27-Ser15) was measured at Rest and 3 h after Ex only and Ex + Meal. The levels of pHSP27-Ser15 are typically upregulated 3 h after eccentric exercise in human skeletal muscle (Frankenberg et al., 2014).
Results The 90 min exercise session consisted of 180 intermittent muscular contractions at high intensity (70-96% maximal strength). Compared to Rest, there were ~5.8- and 12.6-fold increases in pHSP27-Ser15 levels at 3 h post Ex only and Ex + Meal (both P = 0.049, one-way ANOVA) respectively. CARP protein levels were elevated ~2.7-fold after Ex only (P = 0.049, one-way ANOVA) and ~7.6-fold after Ex + Meal (P = 0.326), due to markedly higher levels (6-40-fold) in three of the seven participants. Pearson correlation analysis revealed a significant positive correlation between the levels of pHSP27-Ser-15 and CARP protein (r = 0.56, P = 0.008). Ankrd 2, DARP and MLP protein levels were unchanged (all P > 0.05) following Ex only and Ex + Meal.
Conclusions These findings indicate that CARP is highly responsive to increased mechanical loading because the protein levels in skeletal muscle can be substantially increased as early as 3 h after stressful resistance exercise. This suggests a specialised role for CARP protein during the early phases of muscle remodelling that occur as a consequence of performing high intensity resistance exercise.
OR-019 VEGF-B inhibits skeletal muscle apoptosis after exercise in Chronic heart failure rats
Authors: Li Lingjie , Zhang Jing , Chen Xuefei
Published: October 2018

Objective To investigate the effects of vascular endothelial growth factor B in aerobic exercise mediated chronic heart failure rats cardiac function improvement and skeletal muscle remodeling.

Methods We employed transverse abdominal aortic constriction (TAC) inducing CHF in Sprague Dawley rats. Controls were sham-operated animals. At 4 weeks after surgery, rats were randomized to 4 weeks of aerobic exercise (CHF+E) or to untrained groups (CHF). After 8 weeks, all rats went echocardiography test. After which, rats were sacrificed and samples were collected. Muscular cytokine VEGFB and its receptor NRP1 expression were analyzed. Expression of apoptosis and muscle atrophy markers were assessed in cardiac muscle、gastrocnemius.

Results TAC rats developed CHF (preserved LV ejection fraction, hypertrophy of myocardial cells, decreased FS, increased LVAW d and LVID s). Exercise ameliorate CHF rat cardiac function. TAC rat skeletal muscle developed irregular muscle fiber distribution.The two atrophy-related ubiquitin ligases atrogin-1 and MuRF1, as well as genes involved in apoptosis and autophagy were upregulated in muscles in CHF rats. Exercise inhibited muscle atrophy and skeletal muscle apoptosis.VEGFB and its receptor NRPI decreased significantly in CHF muscle. Exercise promoted VEGFB and NRP1 expression in cardiac tissue, gastrocnemius.

Conclusions Exercise ameliorates CHF rat cardiac function. VEGFB inhibits cardiac muscle and gastrocnemius apoptosis in CHF rats.
OR-021 GLUT4 rs5418 genotype and performance of Cross-country skiers in China
Authors: Li Yanchun , Ren Hong , Hu Yang , Mei Tao
Published: October 2018

Objective  The GLUT4 gene is one of the genes that have a potential influence on physical performance. Studies have shown that the rs5418 genotype of GLUT4 is more prevalent in endurance athletes. Therefore, the GLUT4 rs5418 polymorphism may become a genetic marker for Cross-country skiers. The study aimed to examine the association of the GLUT4 rs5418 genotype with the performance of Cross-country skiers.

Methods The distributions of the GLUT4 rs5418 genotype and allele were examined in a general population (206) and a group of elite Cross-country skiers (163) in China by using PCR-RFLP and TOF.

Results Compared with the general population, the elite Cross-country skiers (χ2=9.267；df=2；P=0.01；P<0.05), especially the females, had a higher frequency of the AA genotype(Total: 22.09% VS 13.59%, Female:24.19% VS 13.59% ). The Cross-country skiers had a higher frequency of the A allele than the general population(45.40% VS 33.98%), and the difference was statistically significant (χ2=9.972；df=1；P=0.02；P<0.05).

Conclusions The GLUT4 rs5418 polymorphism was associated with the performance of elite Cross-country skiers in China. The SNP rs5418 could be used as a biomarker for selecting elite Cross-country skiers in China.
OR-037 The Effect of Exercise on Inflammatory Factors in Breast Cancer Patients: A Meta-analysis
Authors: Qiu Lingling , Xu Ya li , Kong Song hu , Zhao Jie xiu
Published: October 2018

Objective Breast cancer is one of the most common malignant tumors that threaten the physical and mental health and even life-threatening of women worldwide.Chronic inflammation plays a key role in the occurrence, progression and recurrence of cancer.Several sources of evidence indicate that exercise during and after breast cancer could positively modulate the tumor microenvironment. The purpose of this meta-analysis is to determine the impact of exercise training on inflammatory factors in breast cancer patients.

Methods We systematically searched the relevant randomized controlled trials published from January 1990 to June 2017 and analyzed them by Pubmed、Embase、Web of Science and Cochrane Library.The combination of Breast Cancer and Exercise is used for retrieval.The search term used for Pub Med is:（Exercise[Me SH] OR Physical Activity[Text Word] OR Training [Text Word] OR Activity [Text Word] OR Sport[Text Word] AND Breast Cancer[Text Word] OR Breast Tumor [Text Word] OR Breast Neoplasm [Text Word] OR Mammary Cancer [Text Word] OR Malignant Neoplasm of Breast [Text Word] OR Breast Carcinoma [Text Word] AND Interleukins [Text Word] OR IL [Text Word]）.And manually check the references in the article to identify additional articles. Examination of titles and abstracts of papers based on pre-set inclusion criteria.Eleven high-quality trials were included.

Results Pooled analyses revealed compared with the control group, the exercise group significantly improved the serum concentration of IL-8(Z=0.07,SMD=-0.02, 95%CI:[-0.47,-0.44],p=0.946)and TNF-α(Z=2.10, SMD=-0.60,95%CI:[-1.16,-0.04],p=0.036). No significant differences were found in the serum concentrations of IL-2(Z=1.96,SMD=-0.69,95%CI:[-1.37,0.00],p=0.05),IL-6(Z=0.40,SMD=-0.12, 95%CI: [-0.69,0.45],p=0.686),IL-10 (Z=1.73,SMD=-0.45,95%CI:[-0.95,0.06],p=0.084)or C-reactive protein(Z=0.18, SMD=-0.03,95%CI:[-0.35,0.41],p=0.861).

Conclusions Exercise training can effectively improve some inflammatory factors in breast cancer patients and may affect tumor microenvironment. These findings provide a theoretical basis for the promotion of sports in this population.
OR-050 The Development of a Protein Powder Product with an integrated solution for Active Population
Authors: Cheng Junrui , Zhang Sophia , Zhang Sophia , Du Eric
Published: October 2018

Objective Sports nutrition is expanding from professional athletes to a broader spectrum of consumers focused on fitness and improving overall wellness. The recommendation of combining exercise and healthy diet has been highlighted by Health China 2030 and National Nutrition Planning, leading to increased embrace of active lifestyle among Chinese people. Along with the increasing involvement in sports comes with concerns on decreasing resting metabolic rate due to weight loss, impaired joint health and post-exercise immunological response. To confront the above-mentioned challenges, we aimed to develop a product with an integrated solution to support fitness goals while diminishing exercise-related concerns.

Methods Literature review was conducted for core ingredient screen, followed by in vitro studies to substantiate and compare efficacy of ingredients from various resources. Muscle protein synthesis was measured in myotubes during the differentiation and fusion of C2C12 myocytes. Myotube fusion density was quantified by ImageJ, an image processing program, subsequent to myotube staining.

Results Muscle mass gain enhances resting metabolic rate. It has been shown that whey protein supplementation at 20 g/d significantly increased lean muscle synthesis rate in post-exercise subjects. The efficacy of whey protein powder sourced from different resources were compared by conducting in vitro studies. A large body of evidence has shown that collagen peptide supplementation can mitigate joint pain and maintain joint health in athletic population. Yeast β-glucan was spotlighted as an immunity enhancer with antimicrobial protection and benefit in minimizing post-exercise immunosuppression.   

Conclusions A protein powder containing over 20 g/serving whey protein, combining with collagen peptide and yeast β-glucan may convey beneficial effects in muscle synthesis, as well as protective effects against joint pain and post-exercise immunosuppression among active population. The combination of the above-mentioned ingredients could provide a well-round solution to confront the challenges that met by most active population.
OR-052 Effects of Exercise Intervention on Cancer-Related Fatigue in Breast Cancer Survivors
Authors: Xie Zhiling , Ye Weibing
Published: October 2018

Objective cancer-related fatigue(CRF) is the most commonly reported and most distressing symptom in cancer patient.The purpose of this study was to review the effect of exercise intervention on cancer-related fatigue in breast cancer survivors.

Methods From 1998 to 2018 in Chinese and English literature of Wanfang Database, Pubmed, SportDiscus and Springer databases, picked out the randomized controlled trials which up to standard. Keywords cancer, exercise, fatigue, etc. were used for systematic search and tracking. 12 experiments were reviewed to analyze the effect differences between exercise intervention and exercise-related fatigue.

Results Most interventions use aerobic exercise as the primary form of exercise. Generally, exercise interventions are effective for cancer-related fatigue, but some findings are not. Many studies have shown that moderate intensity aerobic exercise has a significant effect on cancer-related fatigue, with 50-70% heart rate reserve and 3-5 times of exercise per week for at least 30 minutes each time. Exercise methods mainly include walking, yoga, cycling and tai chi. Firstly, Supervised aerobic exercise was statistically more effective than conventional care in improving CRF among breast cancer survivors. It has been shown that group-based, supervised exercise produces positive psychosocial‘side-effects’ due to social interactions, improved self-efficacy, and attention from a trainer. Secondly, Cancer fatigue is divided into acute and chronic fatigue, 18 weeks of exercise intervention can reduce the short-term fatigue, at 36 weeks, baseline levels of fatigue index responses and contrast on the issue of the multivariate statistics. Thirdly, usual-care group were reported that they had been actively engaged in regular exercise before study enrollment. During the exercise intervention, most studies on the control ways are according to the daily life or to take care of, but studies have reported, before intervention, to a high level of 40% in the control group often exercise, exercise also as usual during the intervention, which causes the control to the baseline level is higher, but the intervention group and control group will be difference, no significant difference, lead to the result is invalid.

Conclusions First, the exercise intervention of cancer-related fatigue needs to be supervised; second, the exercise intervention is effective for short-term cancer-related fatigue; third, the daily exercise level of the control group will affect the intervention effect.
PO-035 Association between sedentary behavior and diabetes mellitus in the prevalence of middle-aged and elderly people
Authors: Wang Xinzheng , Luo Hongbin
Published: October 2018

Objective This study aims to explore the relationship between sedentary behavior and the diabetes mellitus prevalence of middle-aged and elderly people.

Methods  we conduct a questionnaire survey and physical examination for a total of 3,000 middle-aged and elderly people (≥45 years old) ,analysing by he software of  SPSS21.0 and Stata12.0.

Results The logistic regression analysis shows that the risk of diabetes is 1.617 (95% CI, 0.762-1.789, P <0.05) at 2-4h, 4-6h, 6-8h, ≥8h, = 0.003), 1.235 (95% CI, 0.818-1.865, P = 0.034), 3.420 (95% CI, 2.241-5.218, P = 0.000), 5.014 (95% CI, 3.049-8.247, P = 0.000). With each additional one-hour sedentariness the risk of diabetes increases by 23% (OR1.23, 95% CI 1.18-1.29, p <0.0001).

Conclusions The sedentary behavior is an independent risk factor for diabetes. The prevalence of diabetes is gradually increasing with the increase of sedentary time, which indicates the longer sedentary time, the higher prevalence of diabetes.
PO-044 Effects of one-time high intensity intermittent training on the expression of UCP1 mRNA in adipose tissue of obese rats
Authors: Li Yafei , Liang Chunyu , Zhou Qishu , Yan Yi
Published: October 2018

Objective To observe the effect of one-time high-intensity intermittent training (HIIT) on the white fat browning in obese rats.

Methods 12 obese male rats at the age of 19-week were randomly divided into control group (OC group, n=6) and HIIT group (n=6). OC group doesn’t do exercise, and HIIT group finish the once high-intensity intermittent training ( ①Warm up: 70%VO2max, 7min; ②High intensity exercise: 90%VO2max, 3min+ 50%VO2max, 3min, 6 times; ③Convalescence: 70%VO2max, 7min.). The maximal oxygen uptake (VO2max) of HIIT group was tested before training, and the exercise intensity was determined according to the average VO2max. The subcutaneous and testicle white adipose tissue (WAT) and brown adipose tissue (BAT) of the scapula were taken immediately after exercise. The expression of UCP1 mRNA in the WAT and BAT using the fluorescent quantitative PCR.

Results Compared with the OC group, the expression of BAT UCP1 mRNA , in the HIIT group was  increased, but there was no significant difference (1.40±0.50 vs 1.03±0.27, P>0.05). In both OC and HIIT group, the expression of UCP1 mRNA of the subcutaneous and testicle WAT were too low to test. The results showed that one-time HIIT exercise had no effect on the expression of UCP1 mRNA in WAT.

Conclusions The effects of One-time HIIT on the expression of UCP1 mRNA in adipose tissue of obese rats are still not definite.
PO-064 A potential role of stretch-activated channels in anabolic mechanotransduction in the atrophied rat soleus muscle
Authors: Mirzoev Timur , Tyganov Sergey , Shenkman Boris
Published: October 2018

Objective Prolonged immobilization or unloading of skeletal muscle causes muscle disuse atrophy, which is characterized by a reduction in muscle cross-sectional area and compromised contractile function. To date, the mechanisms of anabolic mechanotransduction in the atrophied mammalian skeletal muscle remain poorly understood. The aim of the present study was to assess a possible role of stretch-activated ion channels (SAC) in the propagation of a mechanical signal to anabolic signaling and protein synthesis (PS) in an isolated rat soleus muscle following mechanical unloading.

Methods The mechanical unloading was performed via hindlimb suspension (HS). Twenty-eight male Wistar rats weighing were randomly assigned to the following 4 groups (n=7/group): 1) vivarium control (C), 2) control + SAC inhibitor (gadolinium) (C+Gd3+), 3) 7-day HS (HS), 4) 7-day HS + SAC inhibitor (HS+Gd3+). Following unloading, an isolated rat soleus was placed in an organ culture medium and subjected to a bout of eccentric contractions (EC). Upon completion of the EC, muscles were collected for Western blot analyses to determine the content of the key anabolic markers. The rate of PS was measured by SUnSET technique.

Results EC-induced increase in PS was significantly less in the HS and HS+ Gd3+ groups vs. the C group. There was no statistically significant difference between the HS and HS+ Gd3+ groups in terms of EC-induced increase in muscle PS. A decrease in EC-induced phosphorylation of p70S6K, 4E-BP1, RPS6 and GSK-3beta in the 7-day unloaded soleus treated with SAC inhibitor did not differ from that of the 7-day unloaded soleus without SAC blockade. Thus, the inhibition of SAC with gadolinium did not lead to further decline in EC-induced phosphorylation of the key anabolic markers and muscle PS.

Conclusions The results of the study suggest that attenuation of mTORC1-signaling and PS in response to EC in unloaded soleus muscle may be associated with inactivation of SAC. The study was supported by the RFBR grant # 16-34-60055.
PO-069 Treadmill exercise reduces Aβ deposition in the hippocampus of APP/PS1 mice by activating AMPK
Authors: Yan Qingwei , Xu Bo
Published: October 2018

Objective To investigate the molecular mechanism of AMPK-mediated motion reduction of Aβ deposition in the hippocampus of APP/PS1 mice.

Methods The 3 months of C57BL/6 48 APP/PS1 mice and 48 wildtype mice were randomly divided into APP/PS1 quiet control group (ADC, n=24) and exercise group (ADE, n=24), wildtype quiet control group (the WTC, n=24) and exercise group (WTE, n=24).ADE and WTE groups performed 12 weeks of treadmill exercise, while ADC and WTC groups were placed in a quiet running platform environment. The contents of ATP, AMP in hippocampus were tested by ELISA, AMPK and BACE1 mRNA in hippocampus were tested by RT-qPCR, Protein expression of AMPK, Sirt1, PPARγ, PGC1α, BACE1, Aβ in hippocampus were tested by Western Blot, the hippocampus SPs were tested by immunohistochemical experiments.

Results 12 weeks treadmill exercise can improve the AMP、ATP content, and the AMP/ATP ratio (p<0.05) in APP/PS1 mice hippocampus, up-regulation the mRNA and protein phosphorylation of AMPK(p<0.05),the protein expression of Sirt1、PPARγ and PGC1α(p<0.05)in APP/PS1 mice hippocampus, down-regulation the BACE1mRNA and protein expression levels (p<0.05), Aβ protein and SPs level (p<0.01) in APP/PS1 mice hippocampus.

Conclusions The molecular mechanism of decrement Aβ deposition in APP/PS1 mice hippocampus mediated by 12 weeks of treadmill exercise may be related to activation of AMPK and the improvement of hippocampus energy metabolism by exercise, and then regulatiing the AMPK-BACE1 pathway.
PO-088 Effect of Aerobic Exercise on Myocardial Mitochondria Fusion-Fission in Chronic Intermittent Hypoxia Mice
Authors: Hu Yulong , Chen Juan
Published: October 2018

Objective Training monitoring is an important part of scientific training, and also accumulated a large amount of data, but the analysis and evaluation of biochemical indicators are mostly concentrated on the level of experience and the general, phased and individualized research application of statistical methods. The data mining technology is applied to the analysis and evaluation of the biochemical indexes of competitive sports, the analysis of the data is carried out in the deep level, the potential, new and useful information and knowledge are extracted, and the new exploration ideas are carried out for the analysis of the biochemical indexes of competitive sports, and a more reliable and more powerful data branch is provided for the scientific and efficient training support.

Methods Using the literature data method, logic analysis method and expert interview method, the application of the current data mining technology in the analysis of biochemical indicators is summarized.

Results The scientific analysis and evaluation of athletes' physical function status has been the focus of domestic and foreign coaches and sports researchers. The application of data mining technology in sports biochemical indicators is also becoming more and more extensive. For example, Mao Jie and others applied the gray ART clustering model analysis method to the monitoring of competitive sports biochemical indicators. Through this data mining model, the coach can easily judge the athlete's competitive physical condition, and can provide a scientific basis for correct training according to the different competitive conditions of each athlete, using different training guidance programs and training methods. Ma Jing et al. explored the feasibility of applying decision tree algorithm and association rules in volleyball biochemical analysis. It was found that C5.0 decision tree and Apriori association rule algorithm can be used to predict and analyze the technical level of women's volleyball players. Li Guangjun and others successfully applied the association rule data mining to the biochemical data analysis of canoeists, and provided a basis for scientific decision-making and analysis of sports training and athlete selection. Zhang Hui designed a data mining system for sports biochemical index based on association rules. The results show that the system has fast data mining rate, short time consuming and high reliability. It provides a more scientific evaluation standard for the data mining of sports biochemical index, and also provides a basis for the future training program.

Conclusions With the development of competitive sports, in order to achieve new heights, the application of data mining technology to vast biochemical data is of great significance for the establishment of scientific training evaluation methods and standards, and is also the inevitable development of future sports scientific research.
PO-123 Voluntary wheel training attenuate brain aging in SAMP8 mice
Authors: Chen Dandan , Kou Xianjuan
Published: October 2018

Objective Alzheimer's disease (AD), is a progressive neurodegenerative disease. The pathological hallmarks including the deposition of senile plaque and neurofibrillary tangles (NFTs) in AD. The underlying molecular mechanisms for AD are not fully understood. Studies have shown that exercise as an economical and popular fitness method, long-term exercise can reduce the risk of AD, delay the occurrence of AD or delay the progression of AD. This study was to investigate the protective effect of the Voluntary wheel on cerebral cortex senescence in SAMP8 mice.

Methods Fifteen SPF-class 7-month-old SAMP8 mice were randomly divided into control group (CON), voluntary wheel group (V) and voluntary wheel with chloroquine group (VQ), with 5 mice in each group. Each group was under adaptive feeding for one week. After 3 days of adaptive voluntary wheel training for V and VQ groups, the experiment officially started. The V and VQ groups performed an 8-week voluntary wheel training and the VQ group received a daily intraperitoneal injection of chloroquine (40 mg/kg). After 8 weeks intervention, the Morris water maze test was used to determine the changes in spatial learning and memory ability of each group. After 24 hours of the end of this experiment, the mice were killed by breaking neck. The degree of hippocampal cell injury was detected by Nissl staining; the expression of apoptosis and senescence-associated protein in the cerebral cortex was detected by Western blot.

Results Compared with the CON group, the escape latency of the V group mice in the Morris water maze test was significantly shorter (P<0.01), the number of crossing target quadrants was significantly increased (P<0.05), however, the VQ group exacerbate above response compared with CON group. Nissl staining showed that the cells of cerebral cortex  in the CON group had obvious damage, while the V group showed significant improvement. The VQ group had a significant damage compared with the V group; Western blot results showed that the expression of AD -like pathological changes such as BACE1 protein in the cortex of group V was significantly decreased, and the expression of P-GSK-3β protein was increased (P<0.01) compared with CON group. On the contrary, compared with V group, VQ  alleviated the improvement effect of  voluntary running. (P<0.05); the expression of apoptosis-related protein increased, and thedecreased in CON group , while voluntary running intervention down-regulated BAX, Cleaved-caspase3 , increased the Bcl-2 protein level compared with the CON group (P<0.05). Furthermore, compared with the CON group, the expression level of aging-related protein AC-P53 was decreased in the V group, and the expression level of Sirt1 was increased. 

Conclusions The 8-week voluntary wheel training can significantly improve the learning and memory ability of SAMP8. Mechanismly, voluntary wheel training can improve the senescence of cerebral cortex by inhibiting cell apoptosis, the expression of AD –like pathological protein and increasing Sirt1 protein level.
PO-141 The cardiovascular protection of irisin and its research progress in sport field
Authors: Wang Shen , Hu Min
Published: October 2018

Objective The irisin, recently identified novel molecule, exercise induced myokinehas，has been shown to be secreted from fibronectin type III domain containing 5 (FNDC5) of skeletal muscle by an unknown protease. It can drive brown-fat-like development of white fat, increase thermogenesis and lose weight. Apart from this, its expression and role in various other conditions such as inflammation, hippocampal neurogenesis, aging and other metabolic conditions have been reported. Moreover, it has benn reported that irisin play an important role in the regulation of various cardiovascular disease, such as endothelial disfunction, hypertension and atherosclerosis. The present review discussed the research progress of irisin in the field of sports, and the protective effects for cardiovascular disease. However, due to conflicting results, several issues have been raised regarding its expression, cleavage, circulating levels, detection, the form of exercise, etc. And it also discussed the current challenges and future perspectives.

Methods Complete literature survey was performed using PubMed and WOS database search to gather available information regarding FNDC5/irisin.

Results The present review discussed on the discovery of irisin, its possible role in the cardiovascular protection and its research progress in sport field. It provide a research direction and new perspective of the possible target for the prevention and treatment of related disease.

Conclusions Irisin has a promising effect in predicting and diagnosing cardiovascular diseases, and the exercise level could be a influence factor. More research will be needed in the future.
PO-146 Effects of aerobic exercise training on GTT and ITT in apelin Knockout mice
Authors: He Shiyi , Zhang Ying
Published: October 2018

Objective Aerobic exercise training is important to prevent and cure chronic diseases such as diabetes, cardiovascular diseases and so on. Apelin has been identified as a novel myokine in recent years, and the exogenous supplementation of apelin can promote the glucose absorption, the biosynthesis of mitochondria and the oxidation of fatty acids in skeletal muscle. Intraperitoneal glucose (GTT) and insulin tolerance tests (ITT) are useful in vivo assays that provide approximations of glucose metabolism and homeostasis. The bigger area under the curve (AUC) confirmed the decreased glucose clearance, which is evaluated by GTT. However, the mechanism of apelin mediating glucose metabolism during aerobic exercise training is not clear. Our study was to investigate the differences of GTT and ITT after four weeks training between wild-type (WT) mice (C57BL/6J) and apelin Knockout (KO) mice.

Methods Two-month-old WT and KO were divided into trained and control groups (n=8-10/group) respectively. There are four groups: WT control (WC), apelin KO control (KC), WT trained (WT), and apelin KO trained (KT). The trained groups were trained on treadmills for four weeks (six days per week and one hour per day). In order to maintain the exercise intensity, the speed is at 70%-75% VO2max with an incline of 5 degrees. The control groups were kept at a sedentary condition. after four weeks of interventions, glucose was measured at 0, 15, 30, 45, 60, 90, 120min following GTT. Glucose was also measured at 0, 30, 60, 90, 120min following ITT.

Results  (1) blood glucose levels and AUC of the KC were significantly bigger than those of WC. ITT showed that KC also had slower insulin-stimulated glucose clearance compared with the WC. (2) Following 4-week training, KT had lower blood glucose levels and AUC of the KT was significantly smaller than those of KC. KT had faster insulin-stimulated glucose clearance compared with KC.

Conclusions Without apelin, glucose tolerance and insulin tolerance in mice will decrease. And aerobic exercise training improves them in apelin deficiency mice.
PO-147 Effect of Exercise-induced Fatigue on the Electrical Activity of the External Globus Pallidus Neurons in rats
Authors: Yu Hao , Hou Lijuan , Ma Jing , Wang Zhifeng , Zhao Gang , Qiao Decai
Published: October 2018

Objective The motor cortex (MC) stimulation-induced unitary responses of globus pallidus external segment (GPe) neurons in control and exercise induced-fatigue rats were recorded in vivo to examine the role of cortical-striatum-external globus pallidal pathway in the mechanism of central fatigue.

Methods 32 Clean healthy male Wistar rats (260~300g), were randomly divided into 4 groups: control group (Control), 1-day fatigue group (1FG), 3-day fatigue group (3FG) and 7-day fatigue group (7FG). Rats were subjected to a 5-day adaptive treadmill training. Modified Bedford treadmill exercise with progressively increasing load was used to creat the exercise fatigue model. （3 levels:8.2 m/min, 15 min; 15m/min, 15 min; 20 m/min, lasting till exhaustion） The spontaneous unit activity and responses to MC stimulation of GPe neurons were recorded by the electrophysiological technique of extracellular recording of glass microelectrodes.

Results The results showed that the firing frequency of high-frequency firing with pause (HFP) and low frequency firing with burst (LFB) in the GPe of 1FG was comparable with that of control group (P>0.05). However in 3FG and 7FG , the percentage of HFP neuron was significantly decreased (P<0.05), while the proportion of LFB was significantly increased (P<0.05), and the average firing rate of LFB was higher and inter spike intervals (ISI) was significantly lower than that of the control group. With 200μA electrical stimulation, the explosive discharge of GPe neurons was attenuated after fatigue in rats. The response of GPe neurons to variable frequency stimulation in exhausted model groups was stronger than that of the control group.MC-stimulation typically induced a triphasic response composed of early excitation, inhibition, and late excitation in GPe neurons. The population of neurons showing a short inhibition slightly increased in 3FG and 7FG.

Conclusions 1. The results confirmed that GPe is an important nucleus of basal ganglia involved in the regulation of exercise-induced fatigue by the change of spontaneous activity.

Electrical stimulation on the cortex can alter response patterns of GPe neurons in exercise-induced fatigue rats, the results confirmed that the Ctx-Str-GPe neural pathway is involved in the regulation of exercise fatigue, and the indirect pathway is over-activated.
PO-148 Effect of Aerobic Exercise on the Expression of CaMKIIδ/MEF2 in Hypertensive and Physiological Cardiac Hypertrophy
Authors: Zhu Man , Shi Lijun
Published: October 2018

Objective The type II calcium/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase IIδ (CaMKIIδ) signal plays a key role in the development of cardiac hypertrophy. This study used CaMKIIδ as an entry point to investigate the mechanism of moderate-intensity aerobic exercise affecting myocardial function.

Methods Male spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHRs) and Wistar-Kyoto rats (WKYs), 12 weeks age, were randomly divided into aerobic exercise group (SHR-EX/WKY-EX) and sedentary control group (SHR-SED/WKY-SED), with 12 rats in each group. The aerobic exercise group conducted an 8-week treadmill exercise training with a slope of 0°, 20m/min (about 55-65% of maximal aerobic velocity), 60min/day, and 5d/wk. The control group did not exercise. The body weight of each group of rats was measured weekly and the blood pressure of the rats was measured non-invasively. After 8 weeks, the hearts of SHR-EX group, WKY-EX group, SHR-SED group and WKY-SED group were weighed, and then myocardial tissue sections were taken for HE staining to observe the thickness of the ventricular wall and the morphology of myocardial cells. The expression of CaMKIIδ and MEF2 in each group was determined by Western blotting.

Results (1) The body weight of SHR-SED group was significantly higher than that of SHR-EX group (p<0.01), and the heart weight of rats in exercise group changed significantly. The WKY-EX group had greater heart weight than the WKY-SED group, and the SHR-SED group was heavier than the SHR-EX group (p<0.05). The heart weight/body weight ratio of the WKY-EX group was significantly higher than that of the WKY-SED group (p<0.01). The heart weight/body weight ratio of SHR-EX group and SHR-SED group was higher than that of WKY-EX group and WKY-SED group (p<0.01). (2) Compared with the WKY-SED group, the SHR-SED group had loose interstitial cells and increased single cell area. The SHR-EX group is more compact than the SHR-SED group, and the cell cross-sectional area is reduced. (3) The expression of CaMKIIδ protein in SHR-EX group was significantly lower than that in SHR-SED group (p<0.01), but the expression level of CaMKIIδ in WKY-EX group was significantly higher than that in WKY-SED group (p<0.01). The expression level of CaMKIIδ was significantly higher in the SHR-SED group than in the WKY-SED group. In addition, the expression of MEF2 protein in SHR-EX group and WKY-SED group was significantly lower than that in SHR-SED group (p<0.01), while the MEF2 expression level in WKY-EX group was higher than WKY-SED group and SHR-EX group (p<0.05).

Conclusions There is an interaction between aerobic exercise and hypertension. Aerobic exercise can effectively delay the development of hypertensive cardiac hypertrophy by regulating the expression of CaMKIIδ and MEF2 protein in the myocardium, but it can also cause cardiac hypertrophy in normal heart. It is one of the important mechanisms affecting the myocardial morphology and function.