bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Solidarity Across Divides
Authors: Vasilev George
Published: May 2017

This book addresses the conceptual and practical challenges surrounding the promotion of solidarity in divided societies. It brings together the normative insights of political theory and the empirical insights of comparative research to identify institutional arrangements conducive to ties of responsibility across ethnic lines. Against critics who claim group representative measures are incompatible with solidarity, the book argues they serve as its very basis by providing the incentive structure for interethnic cooperation and openness. It extends the scope of analysis beyond the representative institutions of the nation-state to show how everyday deliberations and transnational influences can also positively shape ethnic relations. The book’s core claim is that what happens outside the state and across state borders also matters, as non-government organisations, international institutions and influential opinion leaders have become increasingly pivotal in shaping attitudes and political behaviour as the salience of international norms on ethnic diversity has grown. This analysis is conducted against the backdrop of several case studies involving various Balkan states, Northern Ireland, South Africa, transnational advocacy networks, and the European Union.
Shakespeare's Fugitive Politics
Authors: Anderson Thomas P.
Published: May 2017

Shakespeare’s Fugitive Politics makes the case that Shakespeare’s plays reveal there is always something more terrifying to the king than rebellion. The book seeks to move beyond the presumption that political evolution leads ineluctably away from autocracy and aristocracy toward republicanism and popular sovereignty. Instead, it argues for affirmative politics in Shakespeare—the process of transforming scenes of negative affect into political resistance. Shakespeare’s Fugitive Politics makes the case that Shakespeare’s affirmative politics appears not in his dialectical opposition to sovereignty, absolutism, or tyranny; nor is his affirmative politics an inchoate form of republicanism on its way to becoming politically viable. Instead, this study claims that it is in the place of dissensus that the expression of the eventful condition of affirmative politics takes place – a fugitive expression that the sovereign order always wishes to shut down. Exploring a concept of fugitive politics in Coriolanus, King John, Henry V, Titus Andronicus, The Winter’s Tale and Julius Caesar, the study contends that this investment in political theory during a time of crisis helps to explain Shakespeare’s enduring relevance to theo-political events beyond the early modern stage.
History and Event
Authors: Coombs Nathan
Published: May 2017

This book challenges the use of the terms 'history' and 'event' to register the shift from historical necessity in Marxism to contingent events in contemporary philosophy. It argues both classical Marxism and a strand of French theory after Louis Althusser understand history and event not as binary opposites but as a complementary pair. For Marxism, the fusion is accomplished by Hegelian dialectics and the idea of quantity to quality leaps. After Althusser, epistemological breaks in science provide the model for thinking revolutions as discontinuous with the status quo. Through critical readings of Hegel, Marx and Lenin, the first part of the book interrogates the politics of Marxist philosophy. While defending Marx from charges of 'historicism', the inability of Hegel's ‘leaps’ to think epistemological breaks is shown to support political gradualism and technological determinism. The book's second part, on Althusser, Badiou and Meillassoux, argues that although their philosophies think discontinuity more successfully, they tend towards a self-referential rationalism that shores up the authority of theorists. The final part of the book suggests that a way forward can be found in complexity theory and 'weak' notions of emergence.
The Many Voices of Lydia Davis
Authors: Evans Jonathan
Published: May 2017

The Many Voices of Lydia Davis shows how translation, rewriting and intertextuality are central to the work of Lydia Davis, a major American writer, translator and essayist. Winner of the Man Booker International Prize 2013, Davis writes innovative short stories that question the boundaries of the genre. She is also an important translator of French writers such as Maurice Blanchot, Michel Leiris, Marcel Proust and Gustave Flaubert. Translation and writing go hand-in-hand in Davis’s work. Through a series of readings of Davis’s major translations and her own writing, this book investigates how Davis’s translations and stories relate to each other, finding that they are inextricably interlinked. It explores how Davis uses translation - either as a compositional tool or a plot device - and other instances of rewriting in her stories, demonstrating that translation is central for understanding her prose. Understanding how Davis’s work complicates divisions between translating and other forms of writing highlights the role of translation in literary production, questioning the received perception that translation is less creative than other forms of writing.
Gerard Manley Hopkins and the Spell of John Duns Scotus
Authors: Llewelyn John
Published: May 2017

The Early Mediaeval Scottish philosopher and theologian John Duns Scotus shook traditional doctrines of logical universality and logical particularity by arguing for a metaphysics of ‘formal distinction’. Why did the Nineteenth Century poet and self-styled philosopher Gerard Manley Hopkins find this revolutionary teaching so appealing?
John Llewelyn answers this question by casting light on various neologisms introduced by Hopkins and reveals how Hopkins endorses Scotus’s claim that being and existence are grounded in doing and willing.
Drawing on modern respon
ses to Scotus made by Heidegger, Peirce, Arendt, Leibniz, Hume, Reid, Derrida and Deleuze, Llewelyn’s own response shows by way of bonus why it would be a pity to suppose that the rewards of reading Scotus and Hopkins are available only to those who share their theological presuppositions
Masculinities on Clydeside
Authors: Chand Alison
Published: May 2017

Masculinities on Clydeside explores the experiences of civilian men on Clydeside during the Second World War. The book principally uses oral history interviews as source materials and understands subjectivity as a fluid and ultimately continuous concept, retaining personal agency through major historical changes. While men in reserved occupations are understood as extensively influenced by ‘imagined’ discourses, often resulting in feelings of guilt and emasculation, their subjectivities were nonetheless ultimately rooted in their ‘lived’ and immediate local vicinities, and the people and places of their everyday lives. This ultimate relevance of ‘lived’ existence and the everyday also meant that while wartime relations between men and women were clearly shaped by a range of gender discourses and continually renegotiated, gender boundaries were never fixed or truly separate.
The book comprises six chapters. The first provides context to the findings, while the second addresses the issue of masculinities. The third centres upon regional subjectivities, and the fourth looks at wider subjectivities, encompassing national and political identities, class consciousness, religious subjectivities and social activities. The fifth chapter examines women’s experiences of working in reserved occupations in wartime and their interactions with civilian men; the sixth chapter summarises the arguments in the book.
Metadrama and the Informer in Shakespeare and Jonson
Authors: Angus Bill
Published: May 2017

This book explores the metadramatic plays and devices of Shakespeare and Jonson and finds at the core of their metadrama some disturbing connections, and even an uneasy sense of common practice, between authors and the shadowy figure of the informer. It offers insight into the internal workings and motivations of Shakespeare’s and Jonson’s dramatic structures and opens a new window on their ambitions, concerns and fears. In doing so, it enhances our historical understanding of the structures of authority and society within which the drama was produced, and the place of the informer in those structures.
The Lyric Poem and Aestheticism
Authors: Thain Marion
Published: May 2017

This book analyses the remaking of lyric poetry in Victorian modernity, challenging and transforming existing narratives of the modern formation of the ‘lyric’ genre through engagement with a body of work that larger-scale genre histories elide. As cultural and philosophical shifts were challenging the fundamental generic identity of ‘lyric’, aestheticist poets seemed to turn insistently to forms from the past. Yet might those antique forms be understood in relation to the pressures of modernity? How might they have been used to reimagine lyric‘s presence in the modern world? This book argues that aestheticist poetry (c. 1860 to 1914) responds profoundly to the crisis of lyric’s relevance to a rapidly modernizing age, not in spite of these forms but through them. Setting its focal poetry within broader conceptual frames, and featuring innovative analysis of both recently rediscovered and canonical works, this study asks us to reimagine the relationship between poetry and modernity. The book provides three fresh frames through which to do this, and includes case studies featuring A. C. Swinburne, D. G. Rossetti, Alice Meynell, Thomas Hardy, Arthur Symons, Ezra Pound, and a host of other Decadent and aestheticist voices.
Beckett's Thing
Authors: Lloyd David
Published: May 2017

Samuel Beckett was deeply engaged with the visual arts and individual painters, including Jack B. Yeats, Bram van Velde, and Avigdor Arikha. The book explores what Beckett saw in their paintings that would come to shape his own dramas as visual artworks. It explains what visual resources Beckett found in these particular painters rather than in the surrealism of Masson or the abstraction of Kandinsky or Mondrian. The analysis of Beckett’s visual imagination is based on his quite extensive art criticism and on close analysis of the paintings that he would actually have viewed. Lloyd shows how Beckett’s fascination with these painters illuminates the ‘painterly’ qualities of his theatre and the philosophical, political and aesthetic implications of Beckett’s highly visual dramatic work. These implications center on his interrogation of the philosophical, political and aesthetic limits of representation in the wake of decolonization, fascism and world war. The book argues that in place of the subject-object relation that underpins modern concepts of representation, Beckett seeks to present the human as a thing in a world reduced to thingliness.
‘It's not quite right yet’: Realism and Affect in A Woman under the Influence and A nos amours
Authors: Kouvaros George
Published: May 2017

In The Antinomies of Realism Fredric Jameson positions realism as a discursive tension between two forms of temporality: on the one hand, the temporality of storytelling and the tale and, on the other, the temporality of affect. The outcome is a ‘scenic present which in reality, but secretly, abhors the other temporalities which constitute the force of the tale or récit in the first place’. This article considers the usefulness of Jameson's diagnosis of realism for discussions of cinema. How are the temporalities that Jameson describes enacted in a medium much more directly invested in an experience of the present? The investigation of this question will occur in the context of a close engagement with two films in which the tension between storytelling and affect is evident at the level of the actors’ performances: John Cassavetes's A Woman under the Influence (1974) and Maurice Pialat's A nos amours (1984).
The GreenSeeker Handheld: A Research Brief on Farmer Technology Adoption and Disadoption
Authors: Lapidus Daniel , Latané Annah , Ortiz-Monasterio Ivan , Beach Robert , Cárdenas Castañeda María Elena
Published: May 2017

The GreenSeeker Handheld crop sensor is an innovative diagnostic tool that farmers can use to improve their fertilizer use efficiency. Over the last decade, farmers in the Yaqui Valley, Sonora, Mexico, widely adopted the technology. Adoption led to significant increases in profits for farmers as well as avoided greenhouse gas emissions. Despite this success, adoption declined sharply in the 2015–2016 growing season. RTI researchers collaborated with the International Wheat and Maize Improvement Center (CIMMYT) to analyze the average costs and benefits of use of the GreenSeeker in addition to the amount of reductions in greenhouse gas emissions. We provide the initial results of these analyses and lessons learned that can help inform dissemination of sustainable agricultural technology transfer.
NUMERICAL STUDY OF ROSENAU-KDV EQUATION USING FINITE ELEMENT METHOD BASED ON COLLOCATION APPROACH
Authors: Ak Turgut , Dhawan Sharanjeet , Gazi Karakoc S. Battal , Bhowmik Samir K. , Raslan Kamal R.
Published: May 2017

In the present paper, a numerical method is proposed for the numerical solution of Rosenau-KdV equation with appropriate initial and boundary conditions by using collocation method with septic B-spline functions on the uniform mesh points. The method is shown to be unconditionally stable using von-Neumann technique. To check accuracy of the error norms L2 and L∞ are computed. Interaction of two and three solitary waves are used to discuss the effect of the behavior of the solitary waves during the interaction. Furthermore, evolution of solitons is illustrated by undular bore initial condition. These results show that the technique introduced here is suitable to investigate behaviors of shallow water waves.
OSSOS. V. Diffusion in the Orbit of a High-perihelion Distant Solar System Object
Authors: Bannister Michele T. , Shankman Cory , Volk Kathryn , Chen 陳 Ying-Tung 英同 , Kaib Nathan , Gladman Brett J. , Jakubik Marian , Kavelaars J. J. , Fraser Wesley C. , Schwamb Megan E. , Petit Jean-Marc , Wang Shiang-Yu , Gwyn Stephen D. J. , Alexandersen Mike , Pike Rosemary E.
Published: May 2017

We report the discovery of the minor planet 2013 SY99 on an exceptionally distant, highly eccentric orbit. With a perihelion of 50.0 au, 2013 SY99’s orbit has a semimajor axis of 730 ± 40 au, the largest known for a high-perihelion trans-Neptunian object (TNO), and well beyond those of (90377) Sedna and 2012 VP113. Yet, with an aphelion of 1420 ± 90 au, 2013 SY99’s orbit is interior to the region influenced by Galactic tides. Such TNOs are not thought to be produced in the current known planetary architecture of the solar system, and they have informed the recent debate on the existence of a distant giant planet. Photometry from the Canada–France–Hawaii Telescope, Gemini North, and Subaru indicate 2013 SY99 is ∼250 km in diameter and moderately red in color, similar to other dynamically excited TNOs. Our dynamical simulations show that Neptune’s weak influence during 2013 SY99’s perihelia encounters drives diffusion in its semimajor axis of hundreds of astronomical units over 4 Gyr. The overall symmetry of random walks in the semimajor axis allows diffusion to populate 2013 SY99’s orbital parameter space from the 1000 to 2000 au inner fringe of the Oort cloud. Diffusion affects other known TNOs on orbits with perihelia of 45 to 49 au and semimajor axes beyond 250 au. This provides a formation mechanism that implies an extended population, gently cycling into and returning from the inner fringe of the Oort cloud.
Grandir sans grossir, le management du groupe VINCI
Authors: Huillard Xavier
Published: May 2017

Le groupe VINCI est un réseau de 3 000 PME dirigées par de véritables chefs d’entreprise, l’art du PDG étant de concilier décentralisation et affirmation d’une culture de groupe. Les entités peuvent alors se multiplier sans que la structure étouffe l’énergie entrepreneuriale.
Un faible espoir de guérison est-il toujours une bonne chose ?
Authors: Macé Serge
Published: May 2017

Un individu s’adapte psychologiquement plus facilement à une détérioration de sa santé lorsqu’il n’a plus d’espoir de guérison que lorsqu’il lui reste une faible chance. En modélisant l’adaptation comme une baisse du point de référence et en utilisant la fonction d’utilité générale proposée par Kőszegi et Rabin [2006], où les points de référence multiples correspondent aux niveaux de santé possibles, on examine sous quelles conditions un individu préfère la certitude d’une dégradation définitive de sa santé, qui facilite son adaptation psychologique, à une faible probabilité de guérir qui l’en empêche. Cela permet de mieux comprendre certains choix et préférences en matière de santé autrement difficiles à expliquer.
Comment les médecins choisissent-ils leur lieu d’exercice ?
Authors: Dumontet Magali , Samson Anne-Laure , Franc Carine
Published: May 2017

À partir d’une base de données exhaustive, restreinte aux médecins généralistes installés en libéral entre 2005 et 2011, cet article étudie les déterminants du choix de leur lieu d’installation au sein d’une région, en distinguant quatre zones : banlieue, ville centre, ville isolée, rurale. Si les variables individuelles influencent relativement peu le choix d’une zone, les caractéristiques de l’offre et de la demande locale de soins, les dispositifs d’exonérations fiscales éventuellement offerts et les équipements disponibles dans chaque zone, expliquent significativement leur choix. Ces résultats sont mobilisés pour simuler l’impact de trois mesures visant à augmenter le nombre de généralistes s’installant en zone rurale.
Exiliados-migrantes y reconciliación en los Países Bajos después de la Paz de Arras (1579)
Authors: Junot Yves
Published: May 2017

Este artículo tiene como objetivo entender la gestión de los emigrantes a finales del siglo XVI como parte del objetivo de terminar la guerra civil en los Países Bajos Españoles al que se enfrentaron tanto autoridades centrales como locales. En concreto, ese texto plantea hasta qué punto las experiencias de exilio, retorno y migración representaron un desafío para las familias que lo sufrieron y para la regulación económica y el orden público en las provincias de habla francesa reconciliadas con el monarca (Hainaut, Artois y la Flandes Valona) en el marco de la pacificación y normalización religiosa. El análisis se concentra en cómo las ciudades intentan poner en práctica la reconciliación a la hora de hacer frente a varias formas de movilidad. Por un lado, la política general de reconciliación intentó construir una sociedad de postguerra en torno al catolicismo romano y la soberanía del rey, no solamente excluyendo a aquellos que se negaron a retractarse para acogerse a la política de pacificación, sino también perdonando y reincorporando a los emigrantes que cruzaban las fronteras confesionales. Por otro lado, las autoridades municipales tuvieron que tener en cuenta varias pautas migratorias a la hora de aplicar la reconciliación, en particular las que conectaban la mayor parte de las ciudades de la Unión de Arrás con el refugio protestante en Inglaterra y las Provincias Unidas. De esta forma redujeron considerablemente la importancia del status religioso de los emigrantes y los criterios de selección que les permitían incorporarse a la sociedad. Por último, estas prácticas abrieron un espacio para la negociación de una modesta tolerancia cívica entre ediles católicos, ex-calvinistas que habían optado por la reconciliación oficial y los trabajadores textiles que seguían practicando su religión en las iglesias protestantes del exilio, relegando el debato sobre las prácticas confesionales personales y religión del espacio público a la esfera familiar.
Loys Dorléans and the “Catholiques Anglois”: A Common Catholic History between Violence, Martyrdom and Human and Cultural Networks
Authors: Penzi Marco
Published: May 2017

In 1586 the book Advertissement des Catholiques Anglois aux François catholiques, du danger où ils sont de perdre leur religion was edited in Paris: the author, the Ligueur Loys Dorléans wanted to show what would be the future of France under the dominion of an heretical king, using as example the sufferings of the contemporaries English Catholics. The book knew many editions and Dorléans published other works on the same subject. In 1592 the Catholique Anglois, was printed twice in Spanish, in Madrid and Zaragoza. The history of the edition of Dorléans’ texts in Spanish must be understood as an effort of the English Catholic refugees and their network of alliances in Spain to demonstrate their tragic situation to the public. The Spanish editions of Dorléans’ work were made at the same time when new English Colleges were opened in the Spanish Kingdom.
The Glorious Martyrdom of the Cross. The Franciscans and the Japanese Persecutions of 1597
Authors: Vu Thanh Hélène
Published: May 2017

The Franciscan martyrdom of 1597 was not an unprecedented event in the young history of Japanese Christianity, as a first wave of persecutions occurred ten years earlier. But the echo it found in Asia, America and Europe, was unparalleled. This article aims to account for Franciscan success in giving worldwide publicity to what could otherwise be seen as a local event of limited consequence. The martyrdom of 1597 finds it roots in a context of tensions between Christians and Buddhists, who formed an overwhelming majority in Japan. However, the persecutions had more to do with the suppression of troubles than with theological considerations. But this political aspect is hardly apparent in Franciscan sources, which were mostly concerned with describing the martyrdom. From the start, the Franciscans were keen to actively circulate witnesses’ accounts of the martyrdom in Mexico and in Europe. What also helped the event achieve worldwide publicity was that the Franciscans blamed the Jesuits for the outbreak of persecutions. The martyrdom indeed became the object of a dispute between religious orders, but with political ramifications, as the Spanish in the Philippines supported the Franciscans while the Jesuits were closely dependent on the Portuguese in Macao.
“The Godly Greedy Appetite”: La circulación de nuevas reliquias
Authors: Pérez Tostado Igor
Published: May 2017

Tras la pérdida de los monasterios y buena parte de su patrimonio mobiliario de origen medieval, Inglaterra se convirtió en uno de los grandes productores de nuevas reliquias durante los siglos XVI y XVII. Este artículo estudia, desde un punto de vista material, la circulación y el consumo de reliquias inglesas en el continente católico. Las reliquias como objeto fueron creados como resultado de la violencia religiosa y circularon como respuesta a la misma. El regalo e intercambio de reliquias permitieron a los exiliados católicos y sus instituciones de enseñanza obtener apoyos y participar en la necropolítica de la Monarquía Hispánica. Reliquias, artefactos, narrativas manuscritas e impresas procedentes de todo el mundo fueron llevadas a su vez a las Islas Británicas, ayudando a construir una imagen de los católicos ingleses como necrocomunidad, imbuida de un sentido de continuidad histórica y conectada a una comunidad imaginada global.
Monstruos de una razón despierta. La influencia del relato bíblico en el desarrollo de las teorías científicas sobre el origen del hombre y sus variaciones
Authors: Sánchez Villa Mario César
Published: May 2017

El triunfo de la razón como única forma de conocimiento natural fue sin duda el resultado más notable del cambio de paradigma que se produjo a lo largo de la llamada Revolución Científica que, desde el Renacimiento hasta la Ilustración, fue favoreciendo una progresiva pérdida del papel protagonista del razonamiento dogmático como forma privilegiada de construcción del conocimiento. No obstante, durante los siglos siguientes, una gran parte de los hombres de ciencia estuvo dispuesta a favorecer la conversión del dogma en un agente del pensamiento racional. En este artículo queremos ofrecer un punto de reflexión sobre la influencia que mantuvo el relato bíblico en la construcción de las teorías científicas modernas que, de algún modo, pretendieron poner luz sobre una cuestión trascendental como fue el origen de las diferencias físicas y morales entre los seres humanos. Nuestro objetivo más amplio es demostrar que cómo forma de expresión cultural, el pensamiento dogmático-religioso siguió jugando un papel de legitimación trascendental para el discurso científico racional moderno, permitiendo defender el papel civilizador y la superioridad física y moral de los Estados de occidente mucho más allá de lo que el simple uso de la razón permitía.
The Field of Fields. The State According to Pierre Bourdieu
Authors: Villacorta Baños Francisco
Published: May 2017

A book published in 2012 included the publication of the lecture course on the State delivered by Pierre Bourdieu at the Collège de France. The course was given at a time when Bourdieu’s work had reached full maturity, and it completed, at the most generic level of significance —in the “geometral of all perspectives”— the analytical potential opened up by the main categories he used to approach the social world: habitus, field and, above all, capital or symbolic power, the true core of uncontested legitimacy and of the omnipresent domination that the state has acquired in the contemporary world.
The Impact of Using Logic Patterns on Achievements in Mathematics Through Application-Games
Authors: Zaretsky Esther
Published: May 2017

The chapter presents research into the impact of logic patterns, based on logical reasoning, focusing on order and sequence in series, on achievements in mathematics using an application-game which was developed neither specifically for the purpose of the current research nor to address Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADD). Both experimental and control groups were used for checking the central hypothesis on subjects of the same age – first and fourth graders at a similar learning level. The experimenters were Bachelor's Degree (BA) students majoring in special education. The method employed an application-game providing virtual simulation in real time offering the unique opportunity to observe and manipulate normally inaccessible objects, variables and processes. The focus was on qualitative research comparing subjects' achievements in mathematics in pre- and post-intervention. The findings showed that using logic patterns through the application games had an impact on the subjects' mathematical skills, especially verbal problem-solving. Their mathematical achievements increased quickly to the surprise of the experimenters who reported improvement in subjects' logic, mathematical and concentration skills, sometimes even the total stoppage of involuntary tics among those who received the intervention program as opposed to a lack of improvement or even a significant regression among the controls. Moreover, the motivation of both experimenters and subjects was enhanced, and their self-confidence improved. All the findings led to the conclusion that using application-games, although not developed for improving mathematics, can serve as a bridge between using logic patterns and improving or increasing mathematical achievements involving especially verbal problem-solving based on order, sequence and probability, among others.
Aristotle's “Logical Worldview”
Authors: Rosental Creighton
Published: May 2017

The author presents the idea of a “logical worldview” – an approach to understanding logic by examining philosophical positions in metaphysics, epistemology, and theories of cognition and perception, and exploring how philosophical and logical positions combine to form a complete logical system. Aristotle's logical worldview is examined in some detail, and the logical systems of Francis Bacon and George Boole are examined by exploring how a new logic results when certain Aristotelian philosophical positions are abandoned. The logical worldview approach is also shown to help explain certain puzzles with Aristotle's logic, such as existential import, the form of the syllogism, and Aristotle's “missing” moods and figures from the list of valid moods.
Extensions and Limitations to Logic
Authors: Marlowe Thomas J.
Published: May 2017

Classical (Aristotelean or Boolean) logics provide a solid foundation for mathematical reasoning, but are limited in expressivity and necessarily incomplete. Effective understanding of logic in the modern world entails for the instructor and advanced students an understanding of the wider context. This chapter surveys standard extensions used in mathematical reasoning, artificial intelligence and cognitive science, and natural language reasoning and understanding, as well as inherent limitations on reasoning and computing. Initial technical extensions include equality of terms, integer arithmetic and quantification over sets and relations. To deal with natural reasoning, the chapter explores temporal and modal logics, fuzzy logic and probabilistic models, and relevance logic. Finally, the chapter considers limitations to logic and knowledge, via an overview of the fundamental results of Turing, Gödel, and others, and their connection to the state of mathematics, computing and science in the modern world.
Metaphors in Science
Authors: Palma Héctor A.
Published: May 2017

Usually it is held that metaphors are expressions in which something is said but it is evoked or suggest another thing. It is also said that they are - or should be - almost exclusive patrimony of literary or vulgar languages and are not relevant in scientific discourse. However, there are three arguments that lead one to suspect that there is something wrong in these points of view. First, the ubiquity of metaphor in past and present sciences. Second, in almost all such cases, metaphorical expressions are not substitutes or paraphrases of other literal expressions that scientists would use with their colleagues but instead are the common way they are expressed; there is just no other language, metaphors are part of the technical vocabulary. Third, the theoretical and practical consequences of metaphors are part of the corpus or theoretical system to which they belong, in the same manner that the consequences of theorems of an axiomatic system are part of the theoretical system. The three preceding arguments allow us to sketch the following hypothesis: metaphors used by scientists (at least a lot of them) say something in themselves, but are not mere subsidiaries of other literal expressions; therefore, they have legitimate and irreplaceable cognitive and epistemic functions. This change in approach challenges at least four different problem fields: 1) the concept of metaphor; 2) the standard epistemological tradition and its postmodern heresies such as the social studies of science; 3) the history of science; and finally, 4) the biological and cognitive sciences. These four problems will be addressed in this article.
Detection, Avoidance, and Attack Pattern Mechanisms in Modern Web Application Vulnerabilities
Authors: Gupta Shashank , Gupta B. B.
Published: May 2017

In this paper, we present comprehensive survey of secured web application by identifying numerous serious threats faced by several-related organizations. Based on this, we have summarized the statistics of all emerging web application vulnerabilities by referring several-linked vulnerabilities and their classifications like US-CERT, CVE, CWE, NVD, OWASP etc. In addition, we present a comprehensive survey of the emerging web application weaknesses and discuss how to avoid, detect and attack pattern mechanisms of all critical web threats. Moreover, a detailed comparison has also been presented for all emerging web application exposures corresponding to certain threat agents, which indicates the level of the threat for a recognized vulnerability. In addition, we discuss numerous precautions that can be taken while defining lifecycle of web applications with hacking tools and describe ways to launch & utilize safety procedures and regular security controls in a recursive manner.
Image Recognition of Rapeseed Pests Based on Random Forest Classifier
Authors: Zhu Li , Wu Minghu , Wan Xiangkui , Zhao Nan , Xiong Wei
Published: May 2017

Rapeseed pests will result in a rapeseed production reduction. The accurate identification of rapeseed pests is the foundation for the optimal opportunity for treatment and the use of pesticide pertinently. Manual recognition is labour-intensive and strong subjective. This paper propsed a image recognition method of rapeseed pests based on the color characteristics. The GrabCut algorithm is adopted to segment the foreground from the image of the pets. The noise with small area is filtered out. The benchmark images is obtained from the minimum enclosing rectangle of the rapeseed pests. Two types of color feature description of pests is adopt, one is the three order color moments of the normalized H/S channel; the other is the cross matching index calculated by the reverse projection of the color histogram. A multi-dimensional vector, which is used to train the random forest classifier, is extracted from the color feature of the benchmark image. The recognition results can be obtained by inputing the color features of the image to be detected to the random forest classifier and training.The experiment showed that the proposed method may identify five kinds of rapeseed accurately such as erythema, cabbage caterpillar, colaphellus bowringii baly, flea beetle and aphid with the recognition rate of 96%.
Personalized Recommendation Mechanism Based on Collaborative Filtering in Cloud Computing Environment
Authors: Tang Xinling , Xu Hongyan , Tan Yonghong , Gong Yanjun
Published: May 2017

With the advent of cloud computing era and the dramatic increase in the amount of data applications, personalized recommendation technology is increasingly important. However, due to large scale and distributed processing architecture and other characteristics of cloud computing, the traditional recommendation techniques which are applied directly to the cloud computing environment will be faced with low recommendation precision, recommended delay, network overhead and other issues, leading to a sharp decline in performance recommendation. To solve these problems, the authors propose a personalized recommendation collaborative filtering mechanism RAC in the cloud computing environment. The first mechanism is to develop distributed score management strategy, by defining the candidate neighbors (CN) concept screening recommended greater impact on the results of the project set. And the authors build two stage index score based on distributed storage system, in order to ensure the recommended mechanism to locate the candidate neighbor. They propose collaborative filtering recommendation algorithm based on the candidate neighbor on this basis (CN-DCF). The target users are searched in candidate neighbors by the nearest neighbor k project score. And the target user's top-N recommendation sets are predicted. The results show that in the cloud computing environment RAC has a good recommendation accuracy and efficiency recommended.
From Research to Innovation, How to Create Value for an IT Consulting and Engineering Service Firm through its Internal Research Activities
Authors: Chanal Valérie , Martin Angela , Breda Gabrièle , Bergantz Clément
Published: May 2017

IT consulting and engineering firms generally develop strategic knowledge for their clients based on their own competences in various business methods and processes. Knowledge and competences can be improved through collaborative research projects and further leveraged for their own strategic development. The aim of this paper is to build and experiment an organizational management tool within a consulting firm. The tool allows the creation of value and differentiation levers on the competitive market of research and innovation consultancy and illustrates how to benefit from internal research activities that can be viewed as intangible resources. In light of competence-based theory this work shows how strategic knowledge developed on an emerging field such as e-health can be rearranged into strategic processes in order to inspire a proactive strategic vision within a consulting firm.
Communication AssessmenT Checklist in Health
Authors: Genova Juliana , Bender Jackie
Published: May 2017

There is no comprehensive and standardized tool for evaluating the communication quality of web resources for patients. The purpose of this study was to assess prostate cancer websites using the Communication AssessmenT Checklist in Health (CATCH) and to compare the results with those of the Consumer and Patient Health Information Section of the MLA (CAPHIS). CATCH is a theory-based tool consisting of 50 elements nested in 12 concepts. Two raters independently applied it to 35 HON certified websites containing information on prostate cancer treatment. The CATCH summary scores for these websites were then compared to the 2015 list of credible health websites published by CAPHIS. Websites contained a mean 24.1 (SD= 3.6) CATCH items. The concepts Language, Readability, Layout, Typography and Appearance were present in over 80% of sites. Content, Risk Communication, Usefulness, and Scientific Value were present in 50% or less. CATCH provided an overall score of the selected sites that was consistent with CAPHIS ratings. The prostate cancer websites evaluated in this study did not present treatment information in a useful, informative or credible way for patients. The communication quality of these resources could be improved with a clear strategic intent focused on decision-making, using CATCH as a guiding framework. CATCH is a tool that can be used independently or with other health resource evaluation tools to select the most trustworthy web resources for health information.
RFID in Health Care-Building Smart Hospitals for Quality Healthcare
Authors: Manzoor Amir
Published: May 2017

RFID is a new technology that is quickly gaining ground in healthcare industry. RFID is being used in many areas of healthcare from asset tracking to patient care to access control. RFID can also be used to provide real-time information for decision support and to create a smart hospital supported by a secure and reliable smart hospital management information system (SHMIS). Such system can enable hospitals dynamically control different objects and transforms operational processes while minimizing any potential risks to patients and staff. The objective of this article is to discuss how RFID can be used to build a smart hospital and how healthcare industry can gain long-term benefits from smart hospitals. Findings indicate that use of RFID to develop smart hospitals require various enablers. There also exist ethical/cultural issues related to smart hospital implementation that require close collaboration among RFID products manufactures and healthcare providers. This article also provides several recommendations for healthcare industry in order gain competitive advantage from the use of smart hospitals.
Missing Link of the Health Information Exchange Loop
Authors: Noblin Alice M. , Cortelyou-Ward Kendall
Published: May 2017

Since 2004, the services of the Florida Health Information Exchange (HIE) have grown, and in 2011, the state contracted with Harris Corporation to provide some basic services to the Florida health care industry and provide functional improvements to the expanding state-wide HIE. The endeavors of this public-private partnership continue to the present day; however, as HIE services have expanded, challenges continue to be encountered. Ultimately, successful exchange of medical data requires patient engagement and “buy-in.” The purpose of this article will consider why patient engagement is important for HIE success, offer recommendations to improve both patient and provider interest, and consider the importance of online patient portals to increase the effectiveness of health record keeping and the sharing of vital patient medical information needed by caregivers and their patients.
Long-Term Monitoring of a UHPC Footbridge
Authors: Tichý Jan , Čítek David , Slánský Bohuslav , Ševčík Stanislav
Published: May 2017

A long-term monitoring of a UHPC footbridge across Opatovicky furrow channel will be discussed in this article. A precast prestressed UHPC girder was manufactured in the premises of Skanska company by the end of 2014. The girder was intended to be used for a modernization of a railway track Hradec Králové – Pardubice – Chrudim, more precisely for a footbridge in Čeperka village. As a part of a footbridge erection, UHPC railing panels were also employed.
During the girder manufacture a set of strain gauges were installed in order to obtain long-term strains and deflections of the girder during storage, erection and operation of the footbridge’s girder. These measurements are vital in terms of long-term behaviour and also to gather experiences with this modern material.
The Bridge over the Chomutovka River Valley
Authors: Cihlář Radim , Nožička Martin , Aubrecht Jakub
Published: May 2017

The purpose of this article is to describe the construction of the bridge spanning the Chomutovka river valley as a part of the road I/27 bypassing the village of Velemyšleves. The investor of this project is Ředitelství silnic a dálnic ČR, správa Chomutov (Directorate for Roads and Motorways of the Czech Republic, division Chomutov). The general constructor of the entire project is the association of companies Silnice Group a.s. and AZ sanace a.s., the constructor of the foundations and the pile foundation is AZ Sanace a.s. and the constructor of the bridge is SMP CZ, a.s. The project execution documentation was carried out by the planning agency NOVÁK & PARTNER s.r.o. The designer and lead construction engineer of the project is Doc. Ing. Lukáš Vráblík, Ph.D.The structure is a seven-span bridge with a total length of 537 m. The load bearing structure, constructed using cantilever casting and supporting construction, consists of a seven-span continuous box girder with two frame connections. The whole structure is to be opened for public use by the end of this year.
Shear Resistance of Slabs Subjected to Concentrated Loads
Authors: Vida Radoslav , Halvonik Jaroslav
Published: May 2017

Shear resistance of reinforced concrete members without shear reinforcement is a discussed topic because of its brittle character of failure. Bridge slabs subjected to concentrated loads have the ability to distribute local loads in transverse direction, which contributes to their shear resistance. Verifications used in the past (based on theory of allowable stresses) provided much higher shear resistance than currently valid EC2. This often leads to requirements of shear reinforcement in areas where it wasn’t necessary in the past. This also brings up the question of reliability of existing structures.Multiple experimental campaigns at several European universities have been carried out in past years with the intention to verify the real resistance of slabs subjected to concentrated loads. The process of selecting and calibration of a new model for verification is also in progress. This paper deals with analysis of experimental results based on currently valid and new models and their comparison.
The Approach Slab Experiment - Design and Set up of the Experiment
Authors: Laco Kamil , Borzovič Viktor
Published: May 2017

The paper deals with experimental program concerning transition zone of road bridges with the use of approach slab. The experimental setup was constructed in the laboratory of the Slovak university of technology in the scale 1:2.The main function of the approach slab is to ease the transition from stiff foundation of the abutment to an embankment with much less stiffness. As a part of the transition zone, the slab helps to overcome different stiffness of the foundations. Good design of the approach slab and also the transition zone improves the transit of vehicle and enhances the comfort of the vehicle driver.Main goal of the experimental program is to observe the change of the structural scheme of the approach slab throughout the time via bedding stresses under the slab supported by the gravel soil, and also via the supporting forces in the connection to the abutment. The deflection of the slab is observed to confirm the slab behaviour. The possibility to observe all necessary variables with the option to adjust the height of the slab connection is provided by special construction modifications of slab to abutment joint.Due to the fact, that leading variable loading of the approach slab is traffic, loading of the specimen will be cyclic. This loading type causes dynamic response not only of the approach slab, but also of the experimental setup. Part of the experimental setup design is preliminary numerical, time depended analysis of the experiment. On the basis of results of the preliminary analysis the strain of members of experimental setup was checked to maintain the safety of the experiment during whole time. The analysis also shows predicted behaviour and strain of the approach slab, etc.
Effects of Differential Shrinkage in Concrete Bridges
Authors: Kadlec Lukáš , Křístek Vladimír , Strobach Claus Peter
Published: May 2017

The effects of the external environment significantly affect the distribution of stress in concrete bridges. Diffusion of humidity and temperature fluctuations, as a result of the effects of the external environment, result in the emergence of a very complex state of stress and strain in the elements of concrete bridges and the creation of acceptable or unacceptable cracks. In order to predict these correctly, one must use a creep and shrinkage model that realistically describes the moisture diffusion process, which causes that the shrinkage and drying creep of the bulky parts of the box cross section are greatly delayed compared to the thin parts. This delay cannot be predicted with the classical approach, in which either the shrinkage strain and the creep coefficient (or compliance function) are considered as uniform throughout the cross section, or the thickness effect is simply described by a multiplicative factor on shrinkage strain. With full respect for these phenomena the bridge of a double T section segmental bridge is analyzed.
The Use of Moment-Resisting Frames and Braced Frames for Lateral Stability of Multy-Storey Precast Concrete Structures
Authors: Rocha Arthur L. , Ferreira Marcelo de A. , Morais Wilian dos S. , Catoia Bruna
Published: May 2017

Precast structures for multi-storey buildings can be designed with economy, safety and high performance. However, depending on the height of the building and the intensity of the lateral loads, the lateral stability system must be carefully chosen in order to maximize the global structural performance. In Brazil, the most common method for lateral stability is achieved by moment resisting precast-frames, wherein the moment-rotation response of the beam-column connections are responsible to provide the frame action, which will govern the distribution of internal forces and the sway distribution along the building height. On the other hand, in Europe, bracing systems comprised by shear walls or infill walls are mostly used, wherein beam-column connections are designed as hinged. The aim of this paper is to present a comparison between these methods for lateral stability, applying nine structural simulations with moment resisting precast-frames, shear walls and infill walls solutions, divided in three groups - 3 building with 5 storeys (21 meters high), 3 buildings with 10 storeys (41 meters high) and 3 building with 20 storeys (81 meters high). All first storeys are 5 meters high, while all the others are 4 meters high. The results from all structural analyses are compared. As conclusion, while moment-resisting beam-column connections are more feasible for applying in low-rise precast buildings, the use of shear walls and infill walls are more efficient for tall buildings due to decrease of lateral displacements, having a reduction of second order effects but also increasing the reactions at the foundations of bracing elements.