bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
THE UNIVERSAL LEXICAL SYSTEM: ALGORITHMS OF FORMATION
Authors: Oriekhov K.
Published: November 2022

The relevance of the article lies in the necessity of studying the Ukrainian language in the modern linguistic and historical space. The article is devoted to the concept of the universal lexical-semantic system (ULS) as a tool for learning languages, including Ukrainian. The object of study is the universal lexical-semantic system as a field of manifestation of linguistic universals. The subject of the research is the algorithm (technology) of formation of the universal lexical-semantic system of the Ukrainian language. The purpose of the article is to acquaint with the algorithm of formation of a universal lexical-semantic system on the example of the Ukrainian language. A universal algorithm of the lexical skills formation based on the relatively simultaneous operation of seven universal laws is presented. The manifestation of these laws in the language is described. The law of the unity and struggle of opposites is manifested through antonyms, based on the fact that our brain is arranged so that we better understand the essence of any concept, if we know its opposite. The law of the negation of the negation is manifested in the etymology of words, and is closely related to the susceptibility of our thinking to rely on the accumulated experience contained in memory. The law of causality is manifested through phraseology, based on the subconscious relationship of native speaker between letters, words and phrases. The law of the passage of quantitative changes into qualitative changes is a continuous alternation of active and passive phases, manifested in the language through the image or translation of a word. The law of freedom of choice in the study of the language is manifested through the determination of synonymous words. The main part of the article is devoted to the theoretical substantiation of ULS in the Ukrainian language. The article presents a model of systemic conditionality of ULS. Specific examples are given. The fundamental difference of the presented method of lexical skills formation from the others existing in didactics is substantiated. The scope and target audience of the presented methodology are determined.
VARIATION OF THE UKRAINIAN ANTHROPONYMIC FORMULA
Authors: Chornous O. V.
Published: November 2022

The article summarized and supplemented key information about the current Ukrainian official anthroponymic formula in terms of variation in the number and sequence of its components, as well as their graphic design. A number of tasks were performed to realize this purpose. We have found and described some changes in the quantitative composition of the Ukrainian official anthroponymic formula in those documents where identification of the person is important, characterized some versions of the Ukrainian official anthroponymic formula in documentation of management activities, traced changes in the sequence of anthroponymic formula components, have reached the conclusion about the complete and relative independence of components in the Ukrainian anthroponymic formula. The final area of investigation was graphic design of the anthroponymic formula in the documents. The object of the research is a modern Ukrainian official anthroponymic formula; the subject of the research is variation in the number and sequence of components in the Ukrainian anthroponymic formula, their graphic design. In this article we use the descriptive and comparative methods in the first place. As a result of the study it was found that the highest level of official document (for example, state registers and lists), then the wider application of anthroponymic formula with three components. However, even the most conservative sphere, where the aim is to identify the person as accurately as possible, is gradually exposed to the influence of globalization processes. As a result of this, the modern anthroponymic formula is increasingly represented by two lexemes without the name of the father (as a passport of the citizen of Ukraine for travel abroad). We must admit elimination of patronymic in some requisites of organizational and executive documents. There are transformations of the anthroponymic formula in the manner of addressing one another in the written form, which is in contrast with the practice of verbal communication. Despite the free order of the components in the anthroponymic formula, we fix restrictions for the name and the patronymic’s version. All components of the Ukrainian anthroponymic formula can be used with full and relative independence depending on the discourse. In the article the strawman theory is outlined as well as variants of the case letter in documents.
PROFESSIONAL AND DOMESTIC: COGNITIVE INFLUENCE IN PICTURES AND ECHO PICTURES OF THE WORLD
Authors: Stepanova S. Ye.
Published: November 2022

The purpose of this research is to identify the ways and mechanisms of the influence of professional discourse on the formation and development of professional language pictures of the world, as well as the formation of echo-pictures of the world of people close to these specialists based on their language picture of the world. The object of the study is the speech of the tailor Emmanuel Solovey and his wife Rosa – the main characters of Vera Inber’s story “Solovey and Rosa”; Olga Plemyannikova and men close to her of various professions – characters in Anton Chekhov’s story “Sweetheart”; a young novice doctor from Mikhail Bulgakov’s autobiographical story “Towel with a rooster”. The result of our observations allows us to draw a number of conclusions. Professional pictures of the world develop with the improvement of the skills of their carriers and have a direct influence on the formation of language pictures of the world of specialists in a certain field of knowledge or craft, and indirect influence through professional echo pictures of the world and language pictures of the world of people who surround these specialists: family members, friends. These influences are reflected in the speech of specialists and family members, other people close to them in various language means. Most often, such influences are evidenced by group or individual comparative turns, idioms, metaphors, metonymies, synonyms, antonyms, personifications that reflect the professional knowledge and skills of the speaker, as well as his family members and close friends.
THE 2019 – 2021 LEBANON CIVIL PROTESTS: CONCISE COMPARISON WITH MOLDOVA AND BELARUS PEACEFUL RALLIES AND ASSEMBLIES
Authors: Poble D. K.
Published: November 2022

Lebanon, a unique, poly-confessional Eastern Mediterranean country of Arab origin with a long Phoenician history, has seen yet another wave of unrest in the last two years. Around the same period, widespread protests were aroused in two post-soviet countries in Eastern Europe, expressing their outrage at the falsification of vote tallies, corruption, and the political motivation of their governments in the face of a worsening economic situation. The aim of the study was to find out the common and distinctive elements of these civil rallies and assemblies, as well as to predict their possible impact on interregional relations and geopolitical tendencies. The article may indicate some unique features due to the lack of fundamental research studies on the theme rather than analytics and media reports. A concise comparison is made of Lebanon’s, Moldova’s, and Belarus’s situation with respect to their establishment, political and economic crisis, resulting protest actions. Some peculiarities were discovered following the interests of internal and external political groups and their influence. A cautious prognosis was made in order to forecast some further developments in the situation around these countries, including the attitude of the key actors in the region towards the processes inside and outside, trying to tip the scales in their favor.
COOPERATION OF EU COUNTRIES WITH MERCOSUR AND СELAC: REGIONAL AND GLOBAL DIMENSION
Authors: Vakarchuk К. V.
Published: November 2022

The article considers the main forms of cooperation between the EU countries and the largest associations of Latin American countries MERCOSUR and СELAC. The historical basis is analyzed through the prism of the theory of neoliberalism and the concept of regionalism, the search for models of interaction of the common future of regional associations. It is noted that relations between the EU and Latin America also influenced the accession of Portugal and Spain to the European Community and significantly strengthened their cooperation. The main stages and periods of cooperation are indicated: economic, political, cultural, and social. Each period has different results since the internal political processes of states played a significant role, which influencing further decisions. A detailed analysis of bi-regional meetings, summits, and negotiation processes of the countries-participants of the studied associations.

It is noted that the EU actively uses the theory of neoliberalism as one of the main mechanisms for interaction with other countries, in particular, it considers relations both with the region as a whole and through cooperation with MERCOSUR and CELAC. This approach contributes to a more effective and multilateral dialogue that involves many areas of activity and the interests of partners at different levels of international relations, using the policy of soft power.

The main problems and difficulties that have arisen on the way to signing a document on the creation of a common free trade area between the EU and MERCOSUR are outlined. The article considers a significant documentary base on various meetings and summits since they became the basis for the signing of a joint declaration in 2019. Today, the EU interacts with Latin America at several levels: continental, regional, and bilateral, resulting in a network of discussions, negotiations, and joint efforts for deeper cooperation.
PRÉ-NATAL REALIZADO POR ENFERMEIROS NA ESTRATÉGIA SAÚDE DA FAMÍLIA E A REDUÇÃO DA MORTALIDADE MATERNA E INFANTIL
Authors: Felicio Felipe Castro , Alves Valdecyr Herdy , Pereira Audrey Vidal , De Paula Enimar
Published: November 2022

Esta pesquisa tem por objetivo analisar, na bibliografia nacional, os trabalhos publicados sobre o acompanhamento do pré-natal realizada por enfermeiros como medida de prevenção à mortalidade materno-infantil. Estudo de abordagem de revisão bibliográfica, tendo como questão norteadora o acompanhamento de pré-natal na Estratégia Saúde da Família e sua relação com a redução da mortalidade materna e Infantil. Buscaram-se as informações em referenciais nas bases de dados Literatura Latino-Americana e do Caribe em Ciências da Saúde (LILACS), Scientific Eletronic Library Online (SciELO). Percebeu-se que a captação precoce, a disponibilidade de atendimento e as atividades educativas desenvolvidospelos Enfermeiros têm ajudado a diminuir os índices de mortalidade materna e infantil. Vários estudos apontam que um pré-natal de qualidade evita o baixo peso ao nascer e a prematuridade, culminando com a redução da mortalidade infantil, pois quanto mais cedo iniciado o pré-natal e quanto melhor a assistência prestada, menores são as complicações gestacionais.
ATENÇÃO FARMACÊUTICA VOLTADA A IDENTIFICAÇÃO DA INTERAÇÃO FÁRMACO-NUTRIENTE E SUAS IMPLICAÇÕES.
Authors: Dos Santos Lucilene Pereira , Lima Marcio Amorim Tolentino , Haun Youssef Conrado , Da Silva Íris Terezinha Santos de Santana , De Santana Ana Carolina Moraes
Published: November 2022

A assistência farmacêutica é o conjunto de ações e serviços que visa assegurar a assistência terapêutica integral, a promoção e a recuperação da saúde. Um dos desafios encontrados nesta prática profissional são os problemas relacionados aos medicamentos incluindo as interações fármaco-nutriente. o profissional farmacêutico, possui visão ampla e sistemática quanto aos riscos destas interações, logo, o acompanhamento é essencial na farmacoterapia. Sendo inúmeras as possibilidades de ocorrência de interações entre fármacos e nutriente, o objetivo deste trabalho foi identificar as principais interações relatadas na  literatura e suas implicações, bem como evitá-las através da atenção farmacêutica. Para encontrar os resultados foi realizada uma revisão bibliográfica sistemática integrativa com as bases de dados SCIELO, BVMS e DOAJ.  Os resultados evidenciaram diversas possibilidades de mecanismos de interações entre fármacos e alimentos com interferências nos processos farmacocinéticos que vão desde a absorção até a excreção, bem como nos processos farmacodinâmicos. Algumas interações produzem modificações na disponibilidade e na atividade do fármaco podendo acelerar o efeito desejável ou tornar indesejável.  O emprego da atenção farmacêutica pode colaborar para prevenir, identificar e resolver as prováveis interações entre fármacos e nutrientes, aumentando desta forma a eficácia do medicamento e o resultado da terapia.
PACIENTE CIRÚRGICO: A APLICAÇÃO DO CHECKLIST COMO MEDIDA DE SEGURANÇA NA ATUAÇÃO DO ENFERMEIRO
Authors: Silva Acordi Jamile da , Sakae Thiago Mamoru
Published: November 2022

A cirurgia é um procedimento essencial para que muitos pacientes possam ser salvos, redução de sequelas, melhoria da qualidade de vida, entre tantos outros fatores. No entanto, não se pode ignorar que os procedimentos cirúrgicos podem causar eventos adversos, alguns simples, outros severos e, assim, apresentam potencial de comprometer as condições do paciente, deixar sequelas e levar ao óbito. Diante dessa realidade, tanto a OMS – Organização Mundial da Saúde – quanto outros órgãos, desenvolveram listas de verificação, os checklists, utilizados para que haja organização e otimização dos procedimentos e, assim, resultem em menores índices de eventos adversos com morbidades e mortalidade de pacientes reduzida. É comum que as instituições adaptem os checklists para sua estrutura e realidade, sempre com o intuito central de garantir a segurança dos pacientes antes, durante e depois do procedimento cirúrgico. A prevenção de incidentes clínicos e eventos adversos deve ser o objetivo final da aplicação de checklists de rotina. O benefício do uso de uma lista de verificação cirúrgica está no potencial de aprimorar as comunicações da equipe e a promoção de uma cultura de equipe na qual a segurança é a prioridade.
The use of menopausal hormone therapy in women at high cardiovascular risk
Authors: Mironova S. V. , Koziolova N. A.
Published: November 2022

The review article presents the stages of the use of menopausal hormone therapy (MHT) from the standpoint of primary and secondary prevention of the risk of developing coronary heart disease (CHD) and deaths. Based on the data obtained, a number of guidelines and statement documents have been updated to reflect the need to comply with the “time hypothesis” in the appointment of MHT in order to improve the prognosis. The arguments of the possible use of MHT are shown both in the primary prevention of cardiovascular diseases in women with cardiovascular risk factors, and in patients with a history of coronary artery disease, myocardial infarctions, with the development of chronic heart failure and atrial fibrillation. In 2021, a proposal was put forward to determine the choice of MHT depending on the cardiovascular risk groups (CVR). However, such an approach to the choice of MHT excludes the personification and individualization of the possibility of using this method of treatment in the presence of certain factors of low, intermediate CVR, such as arterial hypertension, hypercholesterolemia, type 2 diabetes mellitus and others, especially with their good control. Therefore, the adoption of clinical decisions on the use of MHT in conditions of high CVR and the presence of individual clinically significant risk factors should be carried out by a multidisciplinary team, which will exclude both unmotivated prohibitions and appointments in the presence of contraindications.
Arterial stiffness in hypertensive patients with peripheral artery disease
Authors: Sementsova N. A. , Chesnikova A. I. , Safronenko V. A. , Skarzhinskaya N. S.
Published: November 2022

Objective. To identify features of arterial stiffness, to establish relationships with indicators of the daily blood pressure profile and peripheral artery disease in patients with hypertension (HTN) in combination with subclinical and manifested atherosclerotic lesions of the arteries of the lower extremities. Design and methods. 120 patients were divided into 3 groups: group 1-46 patients with HTN and clinically manifested AALE, group 2-39 patients with HTN and asymptomatic AALE, group 3-35 HTN patients without AALE. All patients underwent general clinical laboratory and instrumental research methods, including 24-hour blood pressure ambulatory monitoring (24h-ABPM) with the assessment of 24-hour blood pressure profile and arterial stiffness parameters, ultrasonic triplex scanning (USTS) of the arteries of the lower extremities. Statistical data processing was carried out using Microsoft Office Excel 16 (2015, Microsoft, USA), Statistica 10.0 (StatSoft, USA), IBM SPSS Statistica 26.0 (IBM, USA). Results. Higher values of pulse wave velocity (PWVao), augmentation index (AIx) and ambulatory arterial stiffness index (AASI) were found in the 1st group in comparison to the 2nd and 3rd groups (p < 0,05). Lower reflected wave transit time (RWTT) (119,5 [112;127] ms) was found in the 1st group (128 [122;132], p = 0,001 and 126 [121;129] ms, p = 0,03 in the 2nd and and 3rd groups, respectively) groups. The maximum rate of blood pressure increase (dP/dtmax) in patients of the 1st (550 [466;666] mm Hg/s) and 2nd (634 [511;695] mm Hg/s) groups was significantly lower than in patients of the 3rd group (655 [526;806] mm Hg/s, p < 0,05). A direct correlation was found between AASI values and SBP (r = 0,291, p = 0,049) and its variability (r = 0,301, p = 0,042), AASI and PBP (r = 0,518, p < 0,001), its variability (r = 0,596, r < 0,001) in group 1, as well as AASI and PBP (r = 0,514, p < 0,001) and PBP variability (r = 0,632, p < 0,001) in group 2. A correlation between AIx and the degree of stenosis (%) of the arteries of the lower extremities was found in patients with AH and AALE of varying severity (r = 0,310, p = 0,004). Conclusions. In patients with subclinical course of AALE, lower values of dP/dtmax in comparison with HTN patients without AALE indicate an increase in arterial stiffness at the initial stages of peripheral atherosclerosis. Clinically manifested atherosclerotic lesions of the arteries of the lower extremities in HTN patients are associated with a more pronounced increase in arterial stiffness, which contributes to a higher cardiovascular risk.
The impact of hypertension on mortality and the risk of developing geriatric syndromes
Authors: Turusheva A. V. , Kotovskaya Yu. V. , Frolova E. V. , Bogdanova Т. A. , Kutznetsova O. Yu.
Published: November 2022

Background. Hypertension (HTN) is a major risk factor for the development of cardiovascular disease in young and middle age, however, data on its effect on cardiovascular risk in older adults are contradictory. Objective. To evaluate the impact of high blood pressure on mortality and the course of major geriatric syndromes in the population aged 65 years and older. Design and methods. The prospective cohort Crystal study (2 examinations, 9 years of follow-up), the cross-sectional cohort Eucalyptus study. Sample: a random sample of community-dwelling older adults aged 65 and older (n = 1007). Main parameters: blood pressure, analysis of drug treatment, medical history, laboratory tests, comprehensive geriatric assessment. Results. HTN has been identified as a risk factor for myocardial infarction, cognitive decline, slow gait speed and low muscle strength. However, in people with frailty and slow gait speed, the presence of HTN was associated with a lower risk of all-cause mortality. The lowest risk of all — cause mortality in participants with a slow gait speed was found with systolic blood pressure 140-159 mm Hg [risk ratio (95 % confidence interval) 0,049 (0,009-0,283)], with frailty — with systolic blood pressure 160-180 mm Hg [risk ratio (95 % confidence interval) = 0,109 (0,016-0,758)]. Conclusions. HTN retains its negative predictive value in older adults and is associated with an increased risk of cardiovascular complications, decreased cognitive and physical functions, but a lower risk of mortality in people with frailty and a low level of physical function. An individual approach and an obligatory assessment of the level of physical function in older patients are required when prescribing antihypertensive therapy.
Differences in the effectiveness of sympathetic radiofrequency denervation of the renal arteries in patients with resistant arterial hypertension and hyperuricemia
Authors: Gapon L. I. , Mikova E. V. , Savelyeva N. Yu. , Zherzhova A. Yu. , Ripp T. M.
Published: November 2022

Objective. To evaluate of differences in the effectiveness of sympathetic radiofrequency denervation (RDN) of renal arteries (RA) in patients with resistant arterial hypertension (RAH) with hyperuricemia (HUA) during 3 years of follow-up. Design and methods. The study included 80 patients with RAH, who were randomized to RDN RA group with medication therapy (MT) and MT group. Groups were comparable in age, gender, duration of hypertension and the number of antihypertensive medications. In 12 months, comparative study was completed, and RDN RA group of patients was examined in 24 and 36 months, results were analyzed depending on the initial level of uric acid (UA). Results. In RDN RA group, compared with MT group, beneficial antihypertensive effect was found both in terms of office blood pressure (BP) and ambulatory BP monitoring (ABPM). After RDN RA, significant decrease in BP persisted for 3 years. Analysis of antihypertensive effect of interventional treatment depending on UA level showed significant decrease in office BP and all indicators of ABPM in patients with normal levels of UA. In HUA patients, only decrease in office BP and mean daily systolic BP was revealed. The majority of patients with favorable response to RDN (“responders” group) showed normal UA (75 % vs. 83,3 %, respectively, at 24, 36 months of follow-up). The creatinine and cystatin C levels in dynamics were slightly increased, but within reference ranges. Conclusions. Obtained data indicated more pronounced clinical efficacy of RDN RA in patients without HUA.
Hypertension and cognitive impairment: relationship and management approaches
Authors: Vertkin A. L. , Knorring G. Ju. , Ottinova M. I.
Published: November 2022

Hypertension (HTN) is currently regarded as the most prevalent risk factor, which can lead to both stroke and cognitive impairment. The versatility and similarity of HTN and chronic cerebral ischemia (CCI) pathogenetic mechanisms should be considered in prevention and treatment strategies. The severity of pathological changes in central nervous system (CNS) depends on the degree of HTN and concomitant neurological pathologies. The drug effects on both vascular and cognitive dysfunctions as well as comorbidities and polypharmacy should be considered. The use of agents with polymodal pleiotropic effects both at metabolic and circulation levels appears feasible and rewarding ethylmethylhydroxypyridine malate can be recommended in HTN co-existent with CCI and cognitive disorders. The combination therapy of ethylmethylhydroxypyridine malate with antihypertensive, anti-ischemic drugs, anticoagulants and statins has been proven to be safe, shows low risk of adverse events and can be implemented in a wide range of vascular and comorbid diseases.
The successful selective His bundle pacing to the patient with permanent atrial fibrillation
Authors: Zamudriakov Sergey S. , Ivanitskiy Eduard A. , Vyrva Alexey A. , Sakovich Valery A. , Drobot Dmitriy B.
Published: November 2022

The choice of an optimal, most safe and physiological place in the heart for the electrode implantation is an issue to be solved by a specialist in surgery of heart arrhythmias. According to the literature, the techniques to stimulate both cardiac apex and other alternative areas are imperfect. At present, stimulation of the heart conduction system, namely, the His bundle is considered a promising area in arrhythmology. This type of stimulation is a physiological one, while it involves the His-Purkinje system. We present a successful clinical case of the electrode implantation with a two-chamber pacemaker to the heart conduction system in a 67-year-old patient with permanent atrial fibrillation. The surgical intervention made it possible to reduce the QRS length from 180 to 110 ms. This clinical case shows that the heart conduction system pacing allows for implementation of the principles of physiological stimulation in patients with impaired atrioventricular conduction. The technique with a two-chamber pacemaker is feasible in clinical practice.
Introducción a “Recursos desiguales: retos de la seguridad en la encrucijada de la sostenibilidad”
Authors: Alija Rosa Ana
Published: November 2022

En lo que va de década, el mundo está asistiendo a una sucesión vertiginosa de amenazas a la seguridad: desde la agresión de Rusia a Ucrania, que ha reavivado tensiones militares entre potencias que parecen evocar la Guerra Fría –con amenaza nuclear incluida–, hasta la pandemia de la COVID-19, la carestía de alimentos, la escasez de energía, o los efectos de la aceleración del cambio climático y la degradación medioambiental. Calificar este último bloque de “nuevas amenazas” sería despreciar la realidad de buena parte de la población mundial, que lleva décadas experimentándolas, y que ya fueron señaladas como amenazas a la paz y la seguridad por Kofi Annan en su informe Un concepto más amplio de la libertad (SGNU, 2005: párr. 78).
La securitización de la pandemia de la covid-19 en la Organización de Estados Americanos
Authors: Morales Diego A.
Published: November 2022

The current paper is aimed to contribute to the International Relation´s research agenda related with international security´s studies linked to health. It analyzes the incorporation process of covid-19 pandemic in the Organization of American States´ security agenda, as an international health crisis, using the securitization theory and through the speech analysis. Likewise, it was used descriptive and analytic generalization methods to support the interpretation of the data obtained. As results, it was possible to confirm that, since the establishment of multidimensional security´s concept in 2003 by the OAS, the incorporation of issues related to health at the hemispheric security agenda is increasingly frequent, being HIV/aids the first precedent. In addition, the covid-19 pandemic is positioned as a new paradigmatic example in international security studies and, therefore, as a clear antecedent for the analysis of future similar phenomena resulting from health crisis.
Hacia las nuevas tendencias tecnológicas de defensa en Fuerzas Armadas del Ecuador
Authors: González Oswaldo Mauricio , López William Gonzalo , Armendáriz Francisco Javier , Panchi Gary Alexander
Published: November 2022

Research, technological development, innovation and production (R&D&i&P), constitute fundamental areas for the Defense sector of a country, since they allow: (i) to reduce both technological gap and exogenous dependence, (ii) to innovate military technology according to the operational requirements, and (iii) to guarantee technological superiority that lets maintaining dominance in conflicts and defending national sovereignty and integrity. Therefore, having a solid R&D&i&P system as part of the Armed Forces of Ecuador is definitely essential as it would likely allow guiding all efforts towards areas of knowledge and specific research lines in accordance with the institutional needs and requirements. Unfortunately, due to some reasons that are accurately explained throughout this study, the referred system is incipient and still very limited in the Armed Forces, hence, this study aims to partially contribute to the solution of the problem by proposing technology trends, in terms of areas of knowledge (13) and research lines (47), on which R&D&i&P performers and projects should be focused as a priority. Specifically, the proposed areas of knowledge and research lines were technically determined by conducting an extensive literature review as well as by deductive, quantitative and prospective analyses of tech trends corresponding to 16 representative Armed Forces at global, regional and local levels. The acquired results are relevant as they allow to strengthen the R&D&i&P system of the Ecuadorian Armed Forces, as well as to adequately guide the efforts of the actors and the limited resources assigned, towards the fulfilment of the operational and technological requirements, and their consequent consolidation of military capabilities.
Más allá de lo económico: los efectos de la pandemia en la salud mental de los colombianos
Authors: Ariza John , Pinzón Daniel Augusto
Published: November 2022

La pandemia no solo ha traído efectos económicos y sociales devastadores en todo el mundo, sino que también ha afectado la salud mental de las personas. El presente trabajo estudia la incidencia de la situación laboral de los colombianos sobre la probabilidad de sentirse deprimido, estresado o preocupado durante el periodo de mayor incertidumbre sobre el que se tiene información en pandemia (agosto 2020 – enero 2021). Metodológicamente, se estiman modelos logit para estudiar los factores socioeconómicos asociados a la probabilidad de sentirse estresado, deprimido o preocupado utilizando información de la Gran Encuesta Integrada de Hogares. Los resultados sugieren que el efecto marginal de estar desempleado está asociado con un 4,7 % más de probabilidad de sentirse deprimido. Ser mujer y jefe de hogar desempleada incrementa a su vez la probabilidad en más del 10 %. La imposibilidad para pagar deudas y la dificultad para conseguir alimentos reportan efectos marginales positivos que aumentan la probabilidad de estar estresado en 5,8 % y 6 % respectivamente.
El concepto de ‘imperio’ en el pensamiento político griego clásico
Authors: Olivera Diego Alexander
Published: November 2022

En este artículo se estudiará el concepto de ‘imperio’ en el pensamiento político griego clásico. El objetivo es argumentar que el mismo configura una noción de imperio en la que coexisten la idea de una autoridad legítima y otra enfocada en la dominación despótica. Esto es importante porque procura inscribir el concepto dentro de la cosmovisión griega evitando su comparación con la concepción moderna. Finalmente, se afirma que ambas formas de conceptualizar la noción de imperio resultan de la tensión existente en el marco interestatal entre la voluntad igualitaria de la polis y sus objetivos expansionistas.
Los intérpretes griegos en Heródoto y Jenofonte
Authors: Becerra Islas José David
Published: November 2022

Este artículo centra su atención en la figura del traductor-intérprete (ἑρμηνεύς), atestiguada por Heródoto y Jenofonte, a fin de introducir al estudio de los posibles tipos de traducción oral que se llevaban a cabo entre griegos y bárbaros en el antiguo Oriente. Si bien el presente análisis se limita a estos dos autores como fuentes, es éste el primer trabajo que examina particularmente las formas en que se practicaba la actividad interpretativa. Gracias al enfoque con el que se abordan los testimonios de Heródoto y Jenofonte, también ha sido posible determinar las características y el tipo de traducción oral empleado por los intérpretes, según las situaciones en que fueran requeridos sus servicios para ayudar a establecer la comunicación entre los griegos y el mundo que conocían.
La astucia en la conceptualización platónica de σοφία
Authors: Silva Irarrázaval Trinidad
Published: November 2022

Considerando el lugar que tiene la astucia en la caracterización de σοφία en la tradición griega antigua, desde la literatura del período arcaico hasta el pensamiento del círculo socrático, llama la atención que en Platón no exista algo como el σοφός astuto. Aparte del Hipias Menor, que presenta una valoración ambigua de la πολυτροπία de Odiseo, el σοφός casi nunca es definido por su inteligencia —ésta no es una característica distintiva del σοφός o del φιλόσοφος—, sino por el conocimiento de ciertas cosas. Su falta de tratamientoha significado un abandono del tema de parte de la mayoría de los intérpretes. A fin de remediar esta situación, en este artículo ofrezco una interpretación que diagnostica la ausencia de un atributo como la astucia en la conceptualización de σοφία en Platón, pero no como el resultado de simple condena o censura como sostienen, por ejemplo, Detienne y Vernant 1978 y sugiere Montiglio 2011. En este trabajo propongo que Platón manifestaría una falta de interés con respecto al tratamiento de estos atributos. A partir del análisis del corpus platónico busco demostrar que los atributos de la inteligencia, si bien son considerados cualidades ventajosas y deseables, tienen nada más un valor instrumental con respecto a la consecución de la verdad y del bien.
El discurso de Protágoras sobre el bien en el Protágoras de Platón
Authors: González Varela José Edgar
Published: November 2022

El discurso de Protágoras sobre el bien en el Protágoras (334a3-c6) no ha sido correctamente interpretado. En general se asume que el sofista expone en éste un tipo de relativismo en torno al bien, el cual aparentemente no recibe una respuesta de Sócrates. En este trabajo defiendo una interpretación distinta, según la cual la posición filosófica que Protágoras expone en su discurso es pluralista. Asimismo, sostengo que Sócrates sí le contesta. La respuesta se encuentra en la elaboración que el filósofo hace de una tesis hedonista, la cual Protágoras termina aceptando. En efecto, dicho hedonismo es un monismo sobre el bien y, por tanto, es inconsistente con la posición pluralista protagórica previa. La moraleja de este intercambio es que el sofista no sabe lo que es el bien, el fin de la educación, pues es llevado a una posición inconsistente sobre el mismo.
El uso de la epigrafía en ámbito político: el caso de las Res gestae divi Augusti
Authors: Cavalletti Giuditta
Published: November 2022

El propósito del presente artículo es ahondar en la composición del testamento político de Octaviano Augusto, enfocándonos en el medio epigráfico como instrumento de comunicación elegido por el emperador para dar a conocer las acciones llevadas a cabo en un momento complejo y complicado para la historia de Roma antigua, como fueron los años del fin de la república y los inicios de un nuevo gobierno impulsado por el mismo Octaviano. A lo largo de estas páginas, mostraremos cómo dicho documento puede considerarse también un medio de propaganda, pensado para dejar un retrato del optimus civis no sólo para los contemporáneos, sino también para la posteridad. Pongo el acento en este aspecto porque no todos los estudiosos consideran esta inscripción como un producto nacido de la pluma de Octaviano y especulan acerca de la existencia de alguien que pudo haber hecho el trabajo bajo comisión.
Los clásicos latinos en los inicios de la imprenta en México (1577-1605)
Authors: Quiñones Melgoza José
Published: November 2022

El objetivo de esta nota es mostrar cómo ingresaron los clásicos latinos a Nueva España (hoy México). Primeramente varios escritores españoles, llegados aquí, incluyeron en sus escritos citas de aquéllos. Luego, ya establecida la imprenta, se publicaron obras de esos clásicos o partes de ellas, desde 1577 hasta 1605, principalmente en P. Ovidii Nasonis Tam de Tristibus quam de Ponto y en Poeticarum institutionum liber, variis ethnicorum christianorum exemplis illustratus, libros en que ya está presente la moral impuesta por la Iglesia católica, que prohibía la lectura y enseñanza de la literatura pagana, si no iba expurgada y supresos los pasajes obscenos. En conclusión, dichos libros fueron muy importantes para la enseñanza de la juventud mexicana que asistía a los colegios de los jesuitas.
Emociones draconianas: la institucionalización afectiva del perdón en la ley ateniense sobre homicidio (IG I3. 104, 13-20)
Authors: Buis Emiliano J.
Published: November 2022

Suele decirse que, luego del desplazamiento de la venganza privada interpersonal por mecanismos públicos heterocompositivos controlados por la pólis, la ley sobre homicidio establecida por Dracón sustituyó las emociones de la represión del crimen por un orden sustentado en la racionalidad grupal propia de la objetividad esperable del sistema jurídico. Sin embargo, un examen de las disposiciones referidas al perdón (aídesis) en el texto conservado de la norma permite advertir una suerte de institucionalización afectiva que, a través de laconstrucción de un artificio jurídico, instala la ficción emotiva de una clemencia colectiva en remplazo del páthos individual.
Lo maravilloso y extraordinario en la novela erótica griega
Authors: Rojas Álvarez Lourdes
Published: November 2022

La novela griega antigua no estuvo desligada de las tendencias literarias de su época, como la Segunda Sofística, con una constante tendencia hacía la innovación. Los sofistas frecuentemente declaraban la “novedad” de su obra, lo mismo que la novela, la cual, por ser una narrativa de ficción, buscaba entretener al lector incluyendo en su trama hechos de carácter maravilloso o increíble. Al analizar las novelas griegas, podemos observar cómo cada uno de los autores intentaban sobresalir mediante una serie de sucesos extraordinarios que incluye en su obra. En este artículo consideraré las novelas de Longo, Jenofonte de Éfeso y Caritón, que narran acontecimientos o situaciones extraordinarios en el desarrollo de la trama, buscando atraer la atención de su público. Mediante el análisis de un vocabulario específico, relacionado con lo maravilloso (parádoxon), sorprendente (kainón) o increíble (ápiston), encontraremos que Caritón, quien es el autor que menos acontecimientos extraordinarios ofrece, califica ciertos hechos como tales.
Terminología culinaria en De re coquinaria: lengua técnica y coincidencias con el latín vulgar
Authors: Lejavitzer Lapoujade Amalia
Published: November 2022

Este artículo examina el uso de la terminología culinaria referida por el recetario De re coquinaria, por tradición atribuido a Apicio. A partir del análisis de términos especializados, se estudia su empleo y su significación técnica, centrado en dos ejes conceptuales: descripción de procedimientos prácticos (verbos) y denominación de realizaciones materiales (sustantivos). Además se muestran recursos de creación del lenguaje técnico latino (como calcos y préstamos lingüísticos del griego y derivación en diminutivo), y se presentan semejanzas de la lengua especializada y el latín vulgar. Se concluye que el lenguaje culinario expresado en el De re coquinaria y el latín vulgar evidencian fuertes coincidencias morfológicas, pero tienen valores expresivos y usos lingüísticos distintos, lo cual pone de manifiesto el carácter polisémico de la terminología culinaria latina.
Venationes y poder en la Roma imperial: poesía panegírica y crítica
Authors: Flores Militello Vicente
Published: November 2022

El presente artículo expone a través de ejemplos selectos el papel que el tema de la venatio jugó en la poesía de época imperial dentro de un discurso panegírico o en la crítica satírica. Tras una definición y resumen histórico breve de las venationes, entendidas como espectáculos oficiales de lucha y caza de animales salvajes en la arena, y la diferenciación entre poesía venatoria y poesía cinegética en general, se aclara el peso político que tales espectáculos tienen. El objetivo es, así, exponer cómo diversos autores tratan el fenómeno de manera positiva o negativa y demostrar cómo la poesía que tematiza la venatio se afirma, en parte a través de conceptos filosóficos, como un medio literario apto para tal fin. Centrales serán pasajes de la séptima égloga de Calpurnio Sículo, del Liber spectaculorum y del liber primus de los epigramas de Marcial, la Silva, 2, 5 de Estacio y pasajes de las Sátiras 4 y 10 de Juvenal.
La “defensa” aristotélica de la esclavitud de los indios americanos: a propósito del dominium e imperium en la lectura de Juan Ginés de Sepúlveda
Authors: Valencia Constantino Genaro
Published: November 2022

La defensa de la esclavitud de los indios americanos, que aparentemente Juan Ginés de Sepúlveda sostenía en el siglo XVI, es, como intentaré demostrar a lo largo de este trabajo, un malentendido resultante de interpretaciones poco atinadas y simplistas que no contemplan el tipo de lectura que hizo Sepúlveda de la Política de Aristóteles, la versión latina que publicó, el contexto político y social de la monarquía hispánica durante ese siglo y ciertos conceptos clave del derecho romano. Además, el prejuicio, que Menéndez Pelayo provocó, quizá sin intención, al traducir parte del título del tratado Democrates alter, sive de iustis belli causis apud Indos con “contra los indios”, creó un grave estigma desde el siglo XIX que ha condenado a Sepúlveda como defensor de la esclavitud. Con este texto, pretendo evidenciar la lectura e interpretación que él hizo del escrito aristotélico a la luz de algunos condicionantes textuales y contextuales que esclarecen la forma en que el humanista español abordó la cuestión filosófica y política de la conquista indígena.
Roma en la poesía de Ida Vitale: lengua, literatura y civilización
Authors: Fernández Zambudio Josefa
Published: November 2022

En este artículo analizamos ejemplos significativos del diálogo de la poesía de la uruguaya Ida Vitale con el mundo clásico, centrándonos en cuál es su recepción de Roma a través de referencias a la lengua latina, a la literatura, la religión, la sociedad, la historia y la arqueología. El uso de estos elementos se encuadra en su búsqueda de la expresión exacta. Justifican nuestra aportación la relativa carencia de estudios sobre Ida Vitale en general y, específicamente, en torno a la tradición del mundo clásico en su obra, así como la contextualización de nuestros hallazgos en su poética.
El movimiento como metáfora. Colocaciones con los verbos de movimiento venio e incido en latín
Authors: Jiménez Martínez María Isabel
Published: November 2022

Una de las características mejor conocidas de las colocaciones verbonominales es que uno de sus constituyentes, el colocativo, adopta un sentido metafórico adaptado al elemento principal de la construcción, la base. Sin embargo, poco se ha estudiado la relación entre las colocaciones y las metáforas que en ellas se dan. El objetivo de este trabajo es doble: por una parte, se propone ahondar en la estrecha relación entre metáfora y colocaciones; y, por otra, estudia una serie de metáforas que se activan en las colocaciones con los verbos latinos de movimiento venio e incido, en un corpus de datos representativo. Como veremos, las colocaciones con estos dos verbos están vinculadas a las metáforas orientacionales, presentes en una gran parte de lenguas del mundo, "los estados son contenedores y el inicio de un evento es el punto final de un movimiento télico". Además, el verbo incido manifiesta en muchas de las construcciones en las que aparece un valor negativo, debido a la conceptualización en el mundo romano de la “caída”, relacionada con la metáfora "arriba es bueno, abajo es malo".
De la inutilidad a la justificación de una “Forma del dedo” en Platón (De la República al Sofista)
Authors: Cordero Néstor-Luis
Published: November 2022

En la República (523a), Platón considera innecesaria la existencia de una Forma del dedo, pues no puede imaginase un no-dedo, mientras que en el Libro X afirma la existencia de una Forma de la cama, un objeto sustancial como el dedo. Esta imprecisión platónica respecto de las Formas de sustancias se confirma en el Parménides, cuando Sócrates confiesa dudar al respecto. Este artículo encuentra en un diálogo posterior, el Sofista, una respuesta coherente. La Forma de lo Otro justifica que, respecto de un dedo, haya su contrario, un “no-dedo”, que es simplemente algo diferente del dedo.
El fratricidio: antecedentes épicos y derivaciones trágicas de un tópico resemantizado en la figura del exilio edípico en Fenicias de Eurípides
Authors: Alfonzo Bruno D.
Published: November 2022

El siguiente trabajo aborda el fratricidio entendido como tópico de la cultura occidental, introduciendo sus significativas proporciones a partir de los distintos abordajes que en época moderna se han llevado adelante respecto de su función en la literatura. El estudio se aboca a la delimitación del tópico en el ámbito de la literatura griega en relación con el devenir de la progenie edípica. Así, parte de la épica griega arcaica para llegar a la tragedia, contrastando los elementos míticos que una y otra presentan como sostén de su relato. La tesis central, que manifiesta que el fratricidio de Eteocles y Polinices constituye un castigo dirigido a la figura de Edipo mediante su exilio, encuentra su consumación en Fenicias de Eurípides, cuya originalidad se hace manifiesta a partir de un estudio comparado de las fuentes.
Ἀμήχανόν τι κάλλος. Re-evaluating the Concept of Beauty in Heliodorus’ Aithiopika
Authors: Hafner Markus
Published: November 2022

De las novelas griegas antiguas que se conservan, las Etiópicas de Heliodoro son por mucho las más ‘sofisticadas’. Uno de sus temas es la belleza virtualmente irresistible y casi divina de ambos protagonistas, Teágenes y Cariclea. Mientras que anteriormente se asociaba la belleza en Heliodoro con conceptos platónicos y se subrayaba su valor ético o incluso su carácter metafísico, este artículo intenta resaltar otro aspecto del κάλλος heliodoreano, poniendo énfasis en el nexo entre las Etiópicas y algunos ejercicios retóricos basados en la belleza. Así, κάλλος vuelve explícito el efecto persuasivo del texto mismo. Mediante el arte heliodoreano de la descripción, la cualidad de la belleza revela implicaciones metaliterarias. Por consiguiente, las Etiópicas dejan ver de manera autoreferencial su propio atractivo retórico y fuerza persuasiva.
O direito à educação integral na Amazônia
Authors: Santos Angela Rocha dos , Colares Maria Lília Imbiriba Sousa
Published: November 2022

Este artigo aborda o direito à educação integral, contido na agenda da política pública brasileira, após a Constituição Federal (CF) de 1988 (BRASIL, 1988), Lei de Diretrizes e Bases da Educação (BRASIL, 1996) e nos Planos de Educação (BRASIL, 2001, 2014). Porém, a garantia deste direito depende de como está sendo configurado o planejamento e a efetivação de políticas nos sistemas de ensino público, em especial, voltadas para o atendimento da Meta 6 do PNE em âmbito municipal. Objetiva-se corroborar nas reflexões sobre o direito à educação integral na realidade educacional da Região Metropolitana de Santarém, no estado do Pará, após o PNE (2014-2024). Pesquisa documental, com enfoque qualitativo e referencial de análise da perspectiva da pedagogia histórico-crítica. As fontes de coleta de dados foram os documentos/relatórios estatísticos oficiais, do ordenamento normativo e legal, além dos planos municipais de educação da região pesquisada. Os resultados apontam a importância dos sistemas de ensino, quanto ao cumprimento, monitoramento e avaliação das metas e estratégias pactuadas nos seus planos de educação, face aos desafios históricos e contemporâneos presentes na RMS/PA, no seu processo de formação cultural e social. Os Planos não expressam a sua materialidade, o que urge evidenciar e desenvolver estudos locais, que considerem uma compreensão dialética da educação nos sistemas de ensino, bem como estudos sobre práticas de experiências exitosas de aprendizagens institucionais em prol de uma formação omnilateral, integral e de totalidade do ser humano social e histórico.