bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Uso de celulares no ambiente hospitalar e o risco de contaminação bacteriana
Authors: Koslowski Natália Battisti , Brixner Betina , Bierhals Nayanna Dias , Silva Karoline Schroder da , Ortolan Silvio Augusto , Oliveira Caio Fernando de , Renner Jane Dagmar Pollo
Published: June 2021

Este trabalho se propõe a avaliar as características do celular por funcionários, estudantes e profissionais de saúde e investigar a relação com o número e tipo de microrganismos presentes no telefone. Foram coletados dados sociodemográficos e informações sobre o uso do celular, além da avaliação microbiológica dos telefones. Os dados foram analisados no SPSS, através de estatística descritiva das variáveis. Dos 50 participantes do estudo, 82% eram do sexo feminino, 96% usam o celular no trabalho e 70% realizavam algum tipo de assepsia. Referente à coleta microbiológica, houve crescimento bacteriano em 68% dos celulares, cuja bactéria mais isolada foi o Staphylococcus coagulase negativa (47%). Além disso, houve crescimento de mais de 100.000 UFC/mL nos celulares dos residentes (26,5%) e acadêmicos (23,5%). Conclui-se que o uso do celular durante a jornada de trabalho é frequente, o que pode haver relação com o número de aparelhos contaminados.
Percepção de portadores de diabetes sobre educação em saúde e adoção de hábitos saudáveis
Authors: Tavares Paula Paulina Costa , Cruz Rhalliete Souza , Pereira Sônia Elzi Alves dos Santos Sena , Abdala Gina Andrade , Meira Maria Dyrce Dias
Published: June 2021

Este estudo teve como objetivo conhecer a percepção de portadores de Diabetes Mellitus Tipo 2 sobre a influência da educação em saúde para a adoção de hábitos saudáveis e o controle da doença. Trata-se de um estudo qualitativo fundamentado na Teoria da Representação Social. Os depoimentos de 23 entrevistados foram analisados por meio da técnica do Discurso do Sujeito Coletivo. Emergiram das respostas quatro Ideias Centrais a respeito das orientações de profissionais quanto aos hábitos saudáveis que podem contribuir para controle da doença, e seis que versaram acerca do modo como as ações educativas podem ser mais efetivas com vistas a estimular a adoção de um estilo de vida mais saudável. Com base nas representações dos participantes, este estudo trouxe a reflexão de que a educação em saúde, como recurso para incentivar a mudança de hábitos, só se torna efetiva quando fundamentada na realidade de cada indivíduo, envolvendo diálogo, escuta qualificada e capacitação para o autocuidado.
Anticoagulant therapy in patients with atrial fibrillation: management of bleeding
Authors: Zotova Irina V.
Published: June 2021

Bleeding is the most common complication of long-term anticoagulant therapy. For patients with atrial fibrillation, it is important to consider the balance of hemorrhagic and thromboembolic risks in the event of bleeding since unreasonable withdrawal of anticoagulants can worsen the prognosis. The management of patients with hemorrhagic complications is determined according to the severity of bleeding, type of anticoagulant taken, and presence of high thromboembolic risk factors. The paper presents the authors protocol for the management of patients with atrial fibrillation and various types of hemorrhagic complications against the background of anticoagulant therapy.
Research ethics: respecting the fundamental principles and cultural differences
Authors: Sprumont Dominique
Published: June 2021

The article describes the 10-year experience of distributing the TRREE project (Training and Resources in Research Ethics Evaluation). This is a free open e-learning program for specialists from the Clinical Research Ethics Committees on regulatory standards in this field. The survey of these specialists showed that there are similar needs for training in fundamental ethical principles related to human research, in accordance with the laws and regulations applicable in the respective countries, and in conducting an ethical assessment of the research protocol. TRREE operates in seven languages, providing access to national laws in ten languages related to research ethics and standards of GCP (Good Сlinical Рractice). The author asks whether the module should be created in Russian.
Problems of dental preservation and complex therapy of chronic generalized periodontitis
Authors: Kopetsky Igor S. , Pobozhieva Lyudmila V. , Kopetskaya Alyona I. , Shevelyuk Juliya V.
Published: June 2021

Epidemiological studies have reported the prevalence of inflammatory periodontal diseases of 85%90% in individuals aged 30 years. Predicting the possibility of preserving teeth is an important integral part of treatment planning for periodontitis. Traditionally, the prognosis is based on the likelihood of tooth loss. The article presents a review of the literature characterizing the factors that affect the prognosis of the service life of teeth in case of periodontitis. For the literature review, a literature search was performed on the MedLine, EMBASE, CyberLeninka, and eLibrary databases. The following factors should be considered when assessing the long-term prognosis in patients with the highest risk for tooth loss: severity of periodontitis, smoking, bruxism, number of abutment teeth, age, type of tooth, depth of probing the periodontal pocket, bone loss, furcation involvement, root mobility and proportions, and tooth crowns. Indicators for molar loss include furcation lesion, bone loss progression, endodontic treatment, persistent periodontal pocket, age, female sex, smoking, and diabetes mellitus. A favorable treatment result and preservation of teeth depend on the entire group of teeth, with the following values: 85% in single-rooted anterior teeth, 78% in premolars, and 47% in molars. The low accuracy of standard predictive tooth loss indices can be explained by the point that the indices are mainly based on factors related to teeth and do not take into account the influence of patient-related factors. Thus, predicting the service life of teeth with periodontitis is a difficult task and requires taking into account both individual indicators of periodontal status and general factors.
Clinical case of intraocular correction of high-degree anisometropia
Authors: Shamratov Rakhim Z. , Ramazanova Liya Sh. , Napylova Olga A. , Maremshaova Diana A.
Published: June 2021

The paper describes a clinical example of the intraocular correction of high-grade hyperopic anisometropia. Surgical treatment made it possible to restore binocular vision, obtain high visual functions without additional correction, preserve the accommodative ability of the eye, and achieve rapid visual rehabilitation.
Accuracy in LP electromagnetic seismograph calibration by least-squares inversion of the calibration pulse
Authors: McGonigle Robert W. , Burton Paul W.
Published: June 2021

abstract

Uncertainties in the instrumental constants for the standard LP instruments of the WWSSN, arising from errors in amplitude measurements of the calibration pulse, are analytically quantified assuming that such measurement errors may be approximated by a perturbing Gaussian noise distribution. More importantly, for the practicing seismologist, uncertainties in magnification and phase delay of the entire instrumental transfer function are deduced from least-squares inversion of the seismogram calibration pulse. It is emphasized that reliable estimates of instrumental transfer functions are obtained by least-squares inversion of the calibration pulse, particularly for underdamped or near critically damped seismographs, where the Gaussian noise distribution is the dominant source of error.
Near-field Rayleigh waves from surface explosions
Authors: Murphy John R.
Published: June 2021

abstract

The low-frequency components of the near-field ground motions produced by surface explosions are investigated and evidence is presented which suggests that much of this motion can be accounted for by the Rayleigh waves induced by the airblast loading acting on the surface exterior to the region of strong nonlinear response (i.e., the crater). Scaling laws are derived for this component of the motion which indicate that the amplitude of the Rayleigh wave source function is expected to be directly proportional to yield and independent of site geology at low frequencies and to scale as yield to the one-third power and increase with the near-surface shear wave velocity at high frequencies. Finally, an unusual arrival recorded interior to a hexagonal array of surface explosions is analyzed and shown to be consistent with Rayleigh waves converging on the center from an exterior, axisymmetric, surface-ring load which may correlate physically with the multi-burst spall closure for this event.
Strong ground motion of mine tremors: Some implications for near-source ground motion parameters
Authors: McGarr A. , Green R. W. E. , Spottiswoode S. M.
Published: June 2021

abstract

Ground acceleration was recorded at a depth of about 3 km in the East Rand Proprietary Mines, South Africa, for tremors with −1 ≦ ML ≦ 2.6 in the hypocentral distance range 50 m < R ≦ 1.6 km. The accelerograms typically had predominant frequencies of several hundred Hertz and peak accelerations, a, as high as 12 g. The peak accelerations show a dependence on magnitude, especially when expressed as dynamic shear-stress differences, defined as σ˜ = ρRa, where ρ is density. For the mine tremors, σ˜ varies from 2 to 500 bars and depends on magnitude according to log σ˜ = 1.40 + 0.38 · ML. Accelerograms for 12 events were digitized and then processed to determine velocity and, for seven events with especially good S/N, displacement and seismic source parameters. Peak ground velocities v ranged up to 6 cm/sec and show a well-defined dependence one earthquake size as measured by ML or by seismic moment, Mo. On the basis of regression fits to the mine data, with −0.76 ≦ ML ≦ 1.45, log Rv = 3.95 + 0.57 ML, where Rv is in cm2/sec, and log Rv = −4.68 + 0.49 log Mo. These regression lines agree excellently with the corresponding data for earthquakes of ML up to 6.4 or Mo to 1.4 × 1026 dyne-cm. At a given value of ML or Mo, a, at fixed R, shows considerably greater variation than v and appears to depend on the bandwidth of the recording system. The peak acceleration at small hypocentral distances is broadly consistent with ρRa = 1.14 Δτrofs/β, where Δτ is stress drop, ro is the source radius, β is shear velocity, and fs is the bandwidth of the recording system. The peak velocity data agree well with Rv = 0.57 βΔτro/μ, where μ is the modulus of rigidity; both expressions follow from Brune's model of the seismic source and were compared with data for events in the size range 5 × 1016 ≦ Mo ≦ 1.4 × 1026 dyne-cm. Measurements of the source parameters indicated that, as for earthquakes, the stress drops for the tremors range from 1 to 100 bars and show no consistent dependence on Mo down to Mo = 5 × 1016 dyne-cm.
A comparative seismic hazard study for Azerbaijan Province in Iran
Authors: Rowshandel B. , Nemat-Nasser S. , Corotis R. B.
Published: June 2021

abstract

Different seismic source models are used to estimate regional seismic hazard. Commonly used point, line, and area seismic sources are considered in addition to a new method which is obtained by modifying the line source model to take into account the uncertainty associated with the exact location of the line (i.e., fault). The results are presented in terms of cumulative functions of peak ground acceleration for major sites in the Azerbaijan Province of northwest Iran. Iso-acceleration maps for two different return periods are also developed for each seismic source model and a comparison is made among the results of the models.

The point source model is shown to be unrealistic when used to model large shocks (Ms > 6.5), which correspond to long ruptures. The model cannot incorporate the fault length, thus ignoring possible spatial migration of seismicity along the fault. In addition, the actual attenuation of ground motion departs considerably from that associated with point source assumption.

The conventional line source model, while providing a good representation of vertical strike-slip faults, cannot accurately model the seismicity in other cases, such as reverse faults in general, and thrust (low angle reverse) faults in particular. Epicenters for these latter cases do not lie along a line, as they do in case of vertical strike-slip faults.

The area source model is used for those cases where the distribution of earthquake epicenters in a region does not follow any identifiable geological fault pattern. The spatial migration of seismicity along an active fault during a given exposure time is of vital importance in seismic hazard analysis. An analysis based on an area source model corresponds to assuming this migration will be equal in all directions. The theory of plate tectonics, however, suggests an elongated narrow zone corresponding to each fault.

A fault line model is developed which exhibits less sensitivity of near-field ground motion to precise fault location than the line source model. This model is referred to as the strip source model. According to this model, the seismicity on a fault is spatially distributed in a long and narrow zone along the margins of the corresponding plates or microplates, and decreases with distance from the fault on either side. It is believed that this kind of modeling closely represents the seismicity corresponding to interplate earthquakes, especially when the type of faulting is thrust. Uncertainties due to the location and orientation of faults will be considerable, particularly for the buried faults, and these uncertainties can be incorporated in the strip source model.
Approximate method to estimate the short-period strong motion spectra on bedrock
Authors: Ishida Katsuhiko
Published: June 2021

abstract

The methodology to estimate the strong motion Fourier amplitude spectra in a short-period range (T ≦ 1 to 2 sec) on a bedrock level is discussed in this paper. The basic idea is that the synthetic strong motion Fourier spectrum F˜A(ω) calculated from smoothed rupture velocity model (Savage, 1972) is approximately similar to that of low-pass-filtered strong earthquake ground motion at a site in a period range T ≧ 1 to 2 sec: F˜A(ω)=B˜(ω)·A(ω). B˜(ω) is an observed Fourier spectrum on a bedrock level and A(ω) is a low-pass filter. As a low-pass filter, the following relation,

A ( T ) = · a · T n a T n + 1 , ( T = 2 π / ω ) ,

is assumed. In order to estimate the characteristic coefficients {n} and {a}, the Tokachi-Oki earthquake (1968), the Parkfield earthquake (1966), and the Matsushiro earthquake swarm (1966) were analyzed. The results obtained indicate that: (1) the coefficient {n} is nearly two for three earthquakes, and {a} is nearly one for the Tokachi-Oki earthquake, eight for the Parkfield earthquake, and four for the Matsushiro earthquake swarm, respectively; (2) the coefficient {a} is related with stress drop Δσ as (a = 0.07.Δσ). Using this relationship between {a} and Δσ, the coefficients {a} of past large earthquakes were estimated.

The Fourier amplitude spectra on a bedrock level are also estimated using an inverse filtering method of A ( T ) = a T 2 a T 2 + 1 .
The corner frequency shift, earthquake source models, andQ
Authors: Hanks Thomas C.
Published: June 2021

abstract

The very common seismological observation that the P waveform is enriched in high-frequency motion relative to the S waveforms of the same earthquake manifests itself, in spectral studies of the earthquake mechanism, as the “corner frequency shift,” the general although not ubiquitous tendency for the P-wave corner frequency fo(P) to be greater than the S-wave corner frequency fo(S). In point source, time-domain modeling studies of the earthquake mechanism which follow the recipe of D. V. Helmberger and C. A. Langston that explicitly suppresses the corner frequency shift, it is an equally common result that the synthetic S waves are systematically enriched in high-frequency motion relative to the observations. Almost three dozen spectral analysis and time-domain modeling studies are recapitulated in this one to conclude: (1) the corner frequency shift is a very common condition of the far-field body waves of earthquakes, with no discernible dependence on earthquake source strength, hypocentral distance or depth, or recording device; and (2) the corner frequency shift is the manifestation of an intrinsic property of earthquakes, source finiteness. Anelastic attenuation estimates for shear waves determined on the basis of a source model derived from P waves are likely to be strongly biased to high values of Q-1, if the shear excitation is estimated directly from the equivalent far-field compressional excitation, i.e., with no allowance for source finiteness. The corner frequency shift, moreover, places strong constraints on admissible earthquake source models; point-source and Haskell-type dislocation models will not be among them.
Analysis of split normal modes for the 1977 Indonesian earthquake
Authors: Stein Seth , Nunn Jeffrey A.
Published: June 2021

abstract

The longest period spheroidal mode multiplets, 0S2 to 0S5, are well recorded on IDA gravimeter records of the 19 August 1977 (Ms734) Indonesian earthquake. We model these modes, which are split into singlets by rotation and ellipticity, using time domain synthetics which reproduce the complex interference pattern between the various singlets in each multiplet. This method, developed to fit a single strainmeter record of the Chilean earthquake, successfully fits records at multiple stations using a common source. We also study the attenuation of the split modes by matching the decay of multiplet envelopes and individual singlets.
Tphases from underwater explosions off the coast of Israel
Authors: Shapira Avi
Published: June 2021

abstract

T phases from underwater explosions off the coast of Israel were recorded at three temporarily installed seismograph stations. The T waves propagated as sound waves through the water with a velocity of about 1.53 km/sec, possibly in the so-called SOFAR channel. Three phases, constituting T, have been identified. These were traveling along the land path as P, S, and/or surface waves, with velocities of 2.5 km/sec and lower. Analysis of the maximum amplitudes and the durations of these phases, indicate low Q values for the material along the land path of the T phases. The quality factor, Q, of the sea water seems to be more than 10 times higher than that of the land. Relatively high scattering in the measured travel times, amplitudes, and durations reflect the structural and geological complexity of the region.
Review of seismic source models for underground nuclear explosions
Authors: Massé Robert P.
Published: June 2021

abstract

A number of seismic source models for underground nuclear explosions have been developed over the past 2 decades. These models include the spherically symmetric compressional source model, the wave conversion source model, the tectonic strain release source model, the spall slapdown source model, and the near-regional source model. These model are reviewed in this study and are shown to be inconsistent with various geophysical data associated with underground nuclear explosions. In particular, the Rayleigh and Love wave signals generated by underground nuclear explosions have not been explained satisfactorily by any of these source models. To explain the observed explosion data, it may be necessary to model the explosion seismic source as a sequence of mechanisms producing seismic signals. These mechanisms all act within the first few seconds following the explosion detonation. One of the most important of these mechanisms is probably explosion-induced thrust faulting.
The Chelmsford-Lowell, Massachusetts, earthquake of 23 November 1980: Depth control and fault plane solution
Authors: Pulli Jay J. , Guenette Michael J.
Published: June 2021

abstract

On 23 November 1980, a small (magnitude 2.9) earthquake occurred on the Chelmsford-Lowell, Massachusetts, border, approximately 10 km northeast of the MIT seismic station at Westford, Massachusetts (WFM). Thus we were able to accurately determine the focal depth, which is generally not the case in New England. Our hypocentral solution was latitude 41.63, longitude −71.36, depth 1.5 km, at origin time 00:39:32.0 UTC. The fault plane solution shows either strike-slip or dip-slip faulting with a P axis trending NE-SW, which is in agreement with overcoring measurements in a nearby granite quarry.
On the saturation of earthquake magnitudes
Authors: Howell B. F.
Published: June 2021

abstract

As MS, mb, or unified magnitude approaches 8, there is an abrupt change in the rate at which frequency of occurrence decreases with magnitude. This change is not observed for moment-magnitude, MW. Data on past earthquakes are insufficient to prove whether there is a finite upper limit on MS, mb, or unified magnitude or whether earthquake probability is better described by an unlimited logarithmic relation of the form

M = E + F ( I n ( G − I n ( − I n probability ) ) ) .

This empirical equation, however, fits the world data best.

If there is an upper limit on size, it is approximately 8.1 for mb, 8.7 for MS, and 8.9 for unified magnitude.

For regions such as the contiguous United States and Alaska, there are too few large earthquakes for saturation to be clearly observed, but the data at large magnitudes fit an empirical equation of shape

M = A + ( M max − A ) tanh ( C X − D )

better than either the Gumbel I or III theory. This equation provides for a more sudden saturation than Gumbel's theory allows.
Consequence of an earthquake prediction on statistical estimates of seismic risk
Authors: Anderson John G.
Published: June 2021

abstract

This paper formulates a procedure for estimating the consequence of an earthquake prediction on statistical estimates of seismic risk. Several examples, using this procedure, indicate the following general conclusions: if a prediction with a confidence level of 1.0 significantly affects the risk at a site, then the same prediction at smaller confidence levels will also affect the risk. If an earthquake is predicted in a high risk zone, it can be important for an entire adjacent low risk zone; a prediction for the adjacent low risk zone may not affect the high risk zone at all. Finally, a prediction for a region which may significantly affect the amplitudes of shaking that can be expected in the next year may have no importance for structures which are designed (or planned) with a 50 or more year lifetime, depending on the size of the predicted earthquakes.

These conclusions are drawn from a hypothetical, yet plausible, case study in the Los Angeles, California, region, where hypothetical predictions are considered for events on the San Andreas fault, the Sierra Madre fault, and a region of about 4300 km2 covering the most populated region of the Los Angeles basin. For the background seismicity model used in this study, the threshold of a significant (to the seismic risk) prediction for 1-yr risk is M = 5 on the San Andreas fault, M = 412 on the Sierra Madre fault, and M = 4 in the Los Angeles zone. For the 50-yr risk, the thresholds of significance are M = 7, M = 612, and M = 6, respectively, for the same three zones.
Determination of Cognitive Structures and Misconceptions of Pre-service Science Teachers’ Regarding the Concept of "Energy"
Authors: AVCI Filiz
Published: June 2021

The concept of energy, which is one of the concepts directly related to vital activities, increases importance day by day with the increasing technology, industrialization and population. For this reason, the concept of energy learned in primary, secondary and higher education programs has a privileged place in science education since it is both an abstract and interdisciplinary concept.The aim of this study is to reveal the cognitive structures and to determine misconceptions of pre-service teachers related to the concept of energy. Qualitative research method was used in the study.The research was carried out with 95 pre-service teachers studying in the 3th and 4th grade of the faculty of education, science education program of a public university in 2018-2019. Word association test and drawing-writing technique were used to collect data.The data are categorized according to content analysis. The model of the pre-service teachers' cognitive structures on the concept of energy was prepared with the Vue program. Results shows that 7 categories were created from the word association test in the conceptual structures of pre-service science teachers regarding the concept of energy. In this context, it has been determined that the cognitive structures of pre-service science teachers are concentrated in the "Energy types", “Scientific terms that evoke the concept of energy” and "Energy sources" categories. In addition, with the data obtained in the study, it was determined that pre-service teachers had misconceptions about the concept of energy. Some of the misconceptions detected in pre-service science teachers are; There are three types of energy: potential, kinetic and mechanical, Only living things have energy.
RESPONSES TO COVID-19 PANDEMIC IN A DEVELOPING COUNTRY: A SCENARIO OF BANGLADESH
Authors:   Department of Microbiology, Noakhali Science and Technology University, Noakhali-3814, Bangladesh, Devnath Popy , Hossain Imam ,   Department of Microbiology, Noakhali Science and Technology University, Noakhali-3814, Bangladesh, Sharif Uddin Mohammad ,   Department of Microbiology, Noakhali Science and Technology University, Noakhali-3814, Bangladesh, Hossain Md Hasibul ,   Department of Microbiology, Noakhali Science and Technology University, Noakhali-3814, Bangladesh, Rakib Md Riyadh Al ,   Department of Microbiology, Noakhali Science and Technology University, Noakhali-3814, Bangladesh
Published: June 2021

Emerging at the end of 2019 in China, novel coronavirus (SARS-CoV-2) infected millions and killed thousands of people across the globe. Like other South Asian countries such as India and Pakistan, Bangladesh is also struggling to control the COVID-19 pandemic. Since the first detection on March 2020, terrible touch of the corona had been inundated Bangladesh with a total of 5,661,926 suspected patients and reported 776,257 (13.7%) cases, 12,005 deaths (1.5% CFR), and an overall recovery of 715,321 (92%) cases as of May 11, 2020. In attempts to reduce the burden of corona cases in one of the most densely populated country of the world, the government has taken several initiatives. Bangladesh has been stepped up a large number of medical & testing facilities, manpower, social awareness campaigns, and has taken many initial steps to fight against COVID-19. This review article is focused on the overall outbreak situation, the preparedness of the government of Bangladesh as well as challenges and limitations faced by the country so far to tackle the novel coronavirus pandemic 2019.
Australian Mobile Survey 2021: Mobile Buying and Churn Drivers Stable
Authors: Kennedy David
Published: June 2021

Venture Insights has been surveying Australian mobile consumers annually since 2018. The latest survey was conducted in March 2021 and included 1,019 respondents. The results show that price and network performance remain the main purchasing drivers for mobile services, with more than 90% of respondents rating them as important or very important. On price, 86% did not expect to spend more each year for their mobile phone services, which is consistent with previous surveys. The persistent importance of price shows that mobile services are seen as a commodity by many customers. A total of 38% of respondents were considering churning their mobile phone service; of these respondents, 40% chose price as the key churn driver. There is consistent focus on Mobile Virtual Network Operators (MVNOs) driven by price. The survey results suggested that the total market share for MVNOs could increase by 6 percentage points, if all respondents indicating a move to an MVNO actually did so. Only 20% of respondents indicated they were willing to pay more for 5G mobile services or handsets. A majority (55%) of respondents change their mobile phones every 2-3 years; 39% said they would consider purchasing a recycled/refurbished mobile phone at a lower price.
Study on Load-Carrying Capacity Zoning in Atmospheric Environment in Developing Countries — A Case Study of Can Tho City, Vietnam
Authors:   the Institute for Environment and Resources, Vietnam National University, Vietnam, Dung Ho Minh , Khue Vu Hoang Ngoc
Published: June 2021

Air pollution in major cities of developing countries is a matter of great concern for managers, scientists, and people. In recent years, many studies have been done to simulate and forecast air quality for big cities in Vietnam as well as in the world with many air quality models have been used. However, studies using air quality models to evaluate the capacity of receiving air emission load in the atmospheric environment in local scale have not been carried out, especially in Vietnam. Therefore, the objective of this study is to assess load-carrying capacity in the atmospheric environment on a local scale for a smaller city at Mekong Delta, with a case study of Can Tho city, Vietnam. The FVM-TAPOM model system was established for the study area with the smallest grid resolution of 2km x 2km. The study results show that the atmospheric environment in Can Tho city still can receive more air emissions according to two seasons of the year (dry and rainy seasons) which are different depending on the seasonal wind direction. The central districts of Can Tho city (Ninh Kieu, Cai Rang, Binh Thuy, O Mon, and Thot Not) can only receive a smaller amount of emissions compared to the others (Vinh Thanh, Co Do, Thoi Lai, and Phong Dien). The amount of air emissions that can be received at the central districts is as follows: CO from 82,000 to 172,000 tons/year/district (696 – 2,142 tons/year/km2); SO2 from 3,800 to 4,900 tons/year/district (31 – 56 tons/year/km2); NOx from 217 to 328 tons/year/district (1.8 – 3.4 tons/year/km2). Similarly, the remaining districts can be received the emission is 164,000 – 653,000 tons of CO/year/district (1,308 – 2,555 tons/year/km2); 5,500 – 7,300 tons of SO2/year/district (17 – 29 tons/year/km2) and 31,000 – 44,000 tons of NOx/year/district (77 – 147 tons/year/km2).
Developing a Course for Learning at Scale in Moodle: A Design-Case Based on Learner's Experience at a Private University in Malaysia
Authors:   Universiti Teknologi MARA, Kuala Lumpur Malaysia, Ayub Enna , Mohamad Syamsul Nor Azlan , Wei Goh Wei , Luaran Johan@Eddy
Published: June 2021

To be relevant to the 21st Century Learner’s needs, Taylor’s University (TU), a private university in Malaysia, revamped its curriculum to be learner-centred. The Malaysian Studies 3 (MS3) course aimed to be the exemplar module site for future module site development for learning at scale (L@S). The learners are undergraduate students, taking MS3 as an elective. In the two design experiments, the learner’s experience was examined using a focus group after undergoing a 14-weeks of L@S entirely online in Taylor’s Integrated Moodle eLearning System (TIMeS). This design-case seeks to investigate the learner’s experience of (1) usability and (2) learning. Two prototypes of MS3 were developed and tested. For the tryouts, Cohort 1 as pre-test and Cohort 2 as post-test after implementing the LDS framework model as a tool to guide learning design in the design refinement. In conclusion, the findings showed ‘teacher presence’, and ‘technical issues’ are the two major themes that influence learners’ positive experience. To ensure positive learning experience, course instructors must ensure engagement with learners is purposefully designed. The study contributes to design based implementation research (DBIR) under the umbrella of design and development research (DDR), and the practical problem in a module development project for L@S.
Development of Online Learning Platform for Thai University Students
Authors:   the Faculty of Humanities and Social Sciences, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen, 40002 Thailand, Chansanam Wirapong , Tuamsuk Kulthida , Poonpon Kornwipa , Poonpon Kornwipa , Ngootip Treepidok
Published: June 2021

It is very challenging to regulate emerging innovations in the rapid evolution of online education, especially during the pandemic of Covid-19. Modern online learning systems must take both educational and technological factors into account. For learning purposes, universities have attempted to facilitate their students with online learning practices and phases using emerging technologies. In this study, the online student platform for humanities and social sciences students (HUSO-OPS) was developed using the user-centric, TPACK, and V-model design. Especially, the V-model mostly focused on the field of app engineering online learning network coordination. The 5-axis framework was to enhance the TPACK model to address online learning in more detail about pedagogy, content, movement technology, and the learner profile. The development also concerns the content as well as the context of learning. This research demonstrates the outstanding use of the HUSO-OPS platform during the global pandemic of Covid-19. They explain the different factors involved and the successful interconnections needed for optimum and efficient online learning implementation. The balance of the five parts on the online learning platform in design or consultation is a plural reflection matter.
Spiritualization of Child Education in the Qur'anic Sufism Perspective in the Covid-19 Era
Authors: Mustakim Muh. , Rouzi Kana Safrina , Tumin Tumin
Published: June 2021

The COVID-19 pandemic has implications for changing the attitudes and behavior of the world community, including in the field of education. The Indonesian government, in this case, has decided to study from home (BDR) for schools to universities in addition to the work from home (WFH) policy. BDR challenges have both advantages and disadvantages. Among the weaknesses that need to be watched out for is the burnout of children in online learning from home, which cannot be denied because similar conditions are also experienced by parents, which erode the enthusiasm for learning to spirituality in the family. Therefore, this paper examines how to reconstruct the spiritualization of education for children in families amid COVID-19. This qualitative research used a descriptive approach, describing the data obtained from the interpretation of the term "tazkiyah" in the Qur’an and verses related to children's education to be contextualized into building the spiritualization concept of children's education in the perspective of Qur'anic Sufism. As part of the literature research, the data analysis adopted Gadamer's hermeneutics developed by Fakhrudin Faiz that hermeneutics revolves around text, context, and contextualization. The results showed that parents have a major role in children's education amid COVID-19 as the prominent educators in the family. These findings corroborate the opinions of Comenius, Nasih Ulwan, Abdurrahaman An-Nahlawi, and Ki Hajar Dewantara about the importance of family education. The spiritualization of children's education in the perspective of Quranic Sufism integrates the three theologies in religion as proposed by Barbour, namely the theology of revelation, natural theology, and religious experience. Therefore, the spiritualization of children's education is a necessity.
An Assessment of Almajiri Integrated Model School Pupils' Performance in Qur'anic Subjects in Sokoto State, Nigeria
Authors: Jimba Abdulhameed Ishola
Published: June 2021

Almajiri is an education system practiced in northern Nigeria whereby Almajiri pupils are only exposed to Quranic learning. For these pupils to become relevant and valuable in this modern society, the Federal Government of Nigeria formulated a formalizing their Almajiri education system and integrated Western education without jeopardizing Quranic learning. To find out if Almajiri education is not being negatively affected because of the policy, this study assessed Almajiri Integrated School Pupils' performance in Quranic subjects in Sokoto State, Nigeria. The research method employed was a descriptive survey. Using the purposive sampling technique, four schools (2 urban and 2 rural schools) where the needed data were readily available were sampled. Two hundred seventy-three (273) subjects (94 from urban and 179 from rural areas) were purposively tested for the study. Pro-forma was designed as a research instrument and collected the 2013/2014 primary 3 Promotional Examination Results. The Percentage, Mean and Standard deviation, Bar Chart, and t-test statistical tools were used for data analysis. The study revealed, among others, that the general performance of Almajiri Integrated Model School pupils in the Qur'anic subjects was below average. The paper concluded an urgent need to empirically explore factors responsible for the low performance to improve it.
Collaborative Governance in Recognizing Customary Law Communities And Customary Communal Land Rights in Kampar Regency
Authors: Febrina Rury , Amin Raja Muhammad , ' Isril , ' Ishak
Published: June 2021

Recognition and protection towards customary law communities in Kampar Regency are inevitable, remembering that the existence of these communities far before the establishment of this nation. A very progressive response was issued by the Regent of Kampar by Forming Registration Team for The Establishment of Customary Law Communities, Customary Territory, and Customary Forests in Kampar Regency. The Registration Team came from local government organizations, national land agencies, academicians, ministries element, non-governmental organization, and customary community institution shows collaboration that involves state actors. This collaboration successfully initiates the acknowledgment toward customary law communities and customary law with the release of Regent Decree in some areas under the Kampar Regency. This study uses a qualitative method with the type of phenomenological research. This collaborative governance is initiated by NGOs that focus on the environment and sustainable development. dominance is still found in the implementation of duties, the unequal power / authority of all parties, conflicts of interest, political will from regional heads and communication and coordination issues are still major obstacles.
Constructivism Approach: Changes in Orientation of Indonesia in the North Natuna Sea to China's Claims
Authors: Wahyudi Herry , Luerdi Luerdi
Published: June 2021

This article discusses Indonesia’s orientation in the North Natuna Sea in the constructivism. The article aims to look at the change of Indonesia's orientation towards the positioning of North Natuna waters following China’s claims as the part of its territories. Indonesia’s orientation used to be for economic development activities. However, Indonesia then swifted such orientation to defense and security. The article applied the constructivist theory of Alexander Went. The article applied the qualitative approach whose data collection was through literature study.
THE ROLE OF THE HUMANITARIAN ACTION INTERNATIONAL COMMITTEE FOR THE RED CROSS (ICRC) IN THE 2011 LIBYA REVOLUTION
Authors: Setyorini Fitri Adi
Published: June 2021

This study discusses the International Committee for the Red Cross (ICRC) role in protecting and assisting victims of the Libyan revolution in 2011. The purpose of this study is to explore more about the role of the International Committee for the Red Cross (ICRC) in protecting and assisting victims of war as one step on a humanitarian mission. The author used the non-government organizations (NGOs) and humanitarian action concepts. The author's research method to analyze this study was a descriptive method through a literature review. Based on research done, the author found that the revolution in Libya in 2011 was one of the effects of the Arab Spring in the Middle East region. The author also found that the ICRC carried out its humanitarian missions by providing food, water, medical supplies, medical equipment, and clothing.
Post-Colonialism Perspective: Why Turkey's Efforts to Join EU always 'Go Down in Flames'?
Authors: Rizqullah Muhammad Fawwaz Syafiq , Maulaya Mahbi
Published: June 2021

European Union (EU) is an economically advanced, politically reliable, socially progressive, and regionally integrated community, making the so-called 'the role model of world's regionalism' seem adorable in Turkey's lens. Having the opportunity to wave its flag in Brussels has been Turkey's foreign policy since 1987. Turkey's modus operandi to make the EU opening its door are enormous in scale. Yet, it does not mean that Turkey would quickly receive a lukewarm response from the EU. This paper lays down some theoretical arguments based on post-colonialism to discover why the EU has given a persistent rejection and derogation towards Turkey. As this paper stands in a post-colonialism stance, the Euro-centrism sense, which is embedded in the EU's way of thought, serves as the reason why intentional rejection is intensively addressed towards Turkey. This paper contains several features. After delivering a short introduction, there will be a modest explanation in picturing the used-theoretical framework. The discussion section stands upon three main questions; why does the EU treat Turkey differently from Greece? Is Turkey capable of fulfilling Copenhagen criteria? Does the EU tend to act in a discriminative manner to Turkey?
Effects of sucrose and glycerol on vitrification of buffalo oocytes
Authors: Hossain M. A. , Akter Shahrina , Miraz M. F. H. , Islam M. Nuronnabi , Bari Jannatul , Alam M. Hasanur , Khatun A. , Sarker M. Bodruzzaman , Hashem M. A. , Moniruzzaman M.
Published: June 2021

Background: Vitrification, ultra-rapid cooling can be used to cryopreserve oocytes for embryo technology. The objective of this study was to evaluate the effects of sucrose and glycerol on vitrification of buffalo oocytes.Methods: Cumulus-oocyte complexes (COCs) were aspirated from slaughtered buffalo ovaries. In experiment 1, the vitrification solution was supplemented with either 0, 0.25 or 0.5 M sucrose. In experiment 2, the vitrification solution was supplemented with either 0, 5 or 10 M glycerol together with 0.5 M sucrose. COCs were exposed into equilibration solution and vitrification solution for 5 min and 1 min, respectively. Then the oocytes were submerged into liquid nitrogen for 10 min using cryotops. The oocytes were thawed, diluted and washed in washing solution. Vitrified oocytes were cultured for maturation at 38.5°C for 24 hrs at 5% CO2. Then oocytes were fixed in acetic acid and ethanol and stained with aceto-orcein to examine the meiotic stages.Results: In experiment 1, a significantly higher number of morphologically normal oocytes and cumulus cell expansion were found in 0.5 M sucrose group than others. In addition, a proportion of oocytes resumed meiosis but none of those developed to the metaphase II (MII) stage. In experiment 2, a significantly higher number of oocytes showed cumulus cell expansion as well as higher morphologically normal oocytes in 5 M and 10 M glycerol than in 0 M (control) group. In addition, 18% oocytes matured to MII stage in 5 M glycerol group.Conclusions: Buffalo oocytes can be vitrified with a combination of sucrose and glycerol to maintain its developmental potential.
Pregnancy outcome study between Pradhan mantri surakshit matriva abhiyan service utilization group and pradhan mantri surakshit matriva abhiyan service non-utilization group: a comparative study
Authors: Mandal Purnima , Mandal Jaydeb
Published: June 2021

Background: Safe pregnancy has become a social movement in our country. Almost 15 % of all pregnant women can develop potentially life-threatening complications. As a result, identification of high-risk pregnancies at earliest stage will be useful in directing appropriate intervention. Hence this study was done to evaluate the betterment of pregnancy outcome of the women who had taken the adequate service of Pradhan Mantri Surakshit Matriva Abhijyan service (PMSMA) than who had not.Method: A longitudinal study was conducted at Malda medical college during January 2019 to June 2019. 385 women selected who had taken at least three antenatal checkups (from record analysis) at PMSMA designated clinic and another 385 women selected who had not taken PMSMA services. Women of both groups were followed up their delivery events and puerperal days till discharge from hospital. Pregnancy outcomes were compared and statistical analysis of both groups were done by SSPS software. Results:  A significant outcome difference of PMSMA service utilized and non-utilized groups in respect to fetal and maternal parameters including moderate to severe anemia, (12.98% vs 26.49%), intra uterine growth retardation (IUGR, 20.0% vs 29.87%), hypertensive disorders in pregnancy (HDP, 8.31% vs 13.50%), low-birth-weight (21.30% vs 31.16%) and stillborn (1.29% vs 2.89%) were observed.Conclusions: This study showed positive pregnancy outcome of PMSMA utilized group than non-utilized group. Improving the availability and accessibility of quality antenatal and delivery care through PMSMA services in all our institutions, will improve pregnancy outcome.
Wound grading and surgical site infection following caesarean section
Authors: Arya Kavita , Ram Kishna , Hooja Nupur , Singh Neha , Jaiswal Aditi
Published: June 2021

Background: Surgical site infection (SSI) following caesarean section can adversely influence the postpartum period for the women. The objective of the study was to study the extent of infection and the microbiological flora in cases of surgical site infection following caesarean section.Methods: Women undergoing caesarean section amongst women admitted in labour ward were followed till discharge for any surgical site infection Detailed assessment of the wound was done. Any discharge if present was taken for culture.Results: 88.88% had normal wound healing, implying no infection. Of those with abnormal wound, 22% had serosanguinous or purulent discharge. Most had superficial incisional SSI. Enterococcus faecalis and Staphylococcus were the commonest organisms grown on culture.Conclusions: All surgical site infections should be looked into as early as possible and managed appropriately.
The changing trends and tendencies in maternal mortality: a compare and contrast spanning two decades
Authors: G. Arunadevi , N. Vijayalakshmi , R. Sangeetha
Published: June 2021

Background: Though the maternal mortality ratio has been on the constant decline over two decades we shall strive forward to prevent all preventable maternal deaths and we have a long way to reach the SDG 3.1 goal. So, it becomes imperative to further reduce the mortality rates by continuously reviewing and upgrading our health policies. The aim of the study was to compare the trends in maternal mortality in 2002-2011 to the current predicament in 2017- 2019 in our hospital.Methods: Data was collected for all maternal deaths in the Institute of obstetrics and gynaecology, Egmore, Chennai- a centre of excellence for maternal care in South India, in terms of age at time of death, parity, period of death, mode of delivery, the cause of death and the admission to delivery interval and compared between the time periods of 2002-2011 and 2017-2019 to identify the changing patterns.Results: The maternal mortality ratio has consistently declined over the years from 220 in 2002 to 110 in 2019. The age group of 20-29 years and primigravidae continue to amount for most mortality. The postpartum period remains the most susceptible period. There is a significant increase in the number of caesarean deaths (64% from 46%). Significant transition in the cause of death from haemorrhage (20% to 7%) to hypertensive disease of pregnancy (23% to 35%) as leading cause of maternal mortality has been witnessed.Conclusions: Significant difference in the trends over two decades in maternal mortality lies in the fact that the leading cause of maternal mortality has changed from haemorrhage to hypertensive diseases and sepsis and they have continued to occupy the top spots for the past decade. Preventive measures are the solution to reduce maternal mortality due to either of the causes.