bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
ESTABELECIMENTOS COMERCIALIZADORES DE CARNE: AVALIAÇÃO DAS CONDIÇÕES HIGIÊNICO-SANITÁRIAS
Authors: De Almeida Ferreira Rafael Henrique , Lopes Martins Maurilio , Benevenuto Júnior Augusto Aloísio , Narvaes da Rocha Campos André , Liotino dos Santos Marília , Dornelas de Oliveira Martins Aurélia
Published: July 2024

Garantir a segurança de carnes é um desafio devido à alta perecibilidade deste alimento. A Resolução SES-MG 7123/2020 foi elaborada para adequar os estabelecimentos varejistas de carne e assim obter produtos com melhor qualidade. Este estudo objetivou avaliar as condições higiênico-sanitárias de estabelecimentos varejistas de carne da cidade de Barroso-MG e intervir em busca de melhorias. A lista de verificação da Resolução SES/MG nº 7123/2020 foi aplicada antes e após as intervenções, sendo os dados obtidos convertidos em percentuais de conformidade e não conformidade e os estabelecimentos classificados em grupo 1, 2 ou 3. Após treinamento dos manipuladores, a lista foi aplicada novamente. Quanto à lista de verificação, antes das instruções todos os oito estabelecimentos se enquadraram no grupo 2 e após as orientações, somente dois passaram para o grupo 1. Percebe-se falta de fiscalização e punição pela vigilância sanitária municipal, pois a maioria dos estabelecimentos apesar de possuírem o alvará sanitário apresentaram várias não conformidades.
ESCORE PARA MENSURAÇÃO DA DETERIORAÇÃO CLÍNICA DE PACIENTE COM DÉBITO CARDÍACO DIMINUÍDO
Authors: Mitre da Silva Juliana , Garcia Romero Sipolatti Walckiria , Zuqui Nunes Karolini , Cândida Caniçali Primo Cândida , Henrique Fiorin Bruno , de Oliveira Bringuente Maria Edla , Fioresi Mirian , Barros Furieri Lorena
Published: July 2024

Objetivo: elaborar um escore para mensurar a deterioração clínica de paciente com risco de débito cardíaco diminuído.
Método: estudo metodológico, segundo o polo teórico do referencial de Pasquali desenvolvido por meio de revisão integrativa de literatura, construção do instrumento piloto e avaliação por juízes.
Resultados: foram estabelecidos nove indicadores clínicos, apresentados por sinais e sintomas de fácil mensuração, que podem facilitar o reconhecimento da deterioração clínica: estado neurológico, estado respiratório, tolerância à atividade, volume hídrico, estado gástrico, alteração sensorial de origem cardíaca, frequência e ritmo cardíaco, pressão arterial e perfusão tissular.
Conclusão: o instrumento construído apresentou evidências de validade constituindo-se uma tecnologia assistencial, não invasiva, de fácil aplicação, inédita e que não requer a utilização de outros artifícios tecnológicos. A utilização do instrumento poderá favorecer o enfermeiro na identificação precoce da deterioração clínica do paciente e, assim, facilitar a tomada de decisão adequada para evitar desfechos graves.
DELINEAMENTO EXPERIMENTAL DE FOTOPROTETOR FÍSICO (TiO2), OBTIDO PELO MÉTODO DE EMULSIFICAÇÃO ESPONTÂNEA, COM ASPECTO TRANSPARENTE À PELE
Authors: Ternouski Maria Catarina , Soares Martins Marcos Vinícius , Rickli Fiuza Martins Hilana , Brustolins Ludwig Daniel , Mendes Paz Chao Barbara , Camargo Luciana
Published: July 2024

Os efeitos da radiação ultravioleta (UVR) na pele, são influenciados pela intensidade da fonte, tempo de exposição, comprimento de onda da UVR e pigmentação da pele. A radiação solar UVA, UVB atingem a superfície terrestre, sendo crucial para a produção de pré-vitamina D3 na pele humana. Exposição solar pode levar a eritema e queimaduras solares (UVB) e fotoenvelhecimento (UVA), além de aumentar o risco de câncer de pele, reconhecido como agente cancerígeno pela IARC.Os tumores malignos de pele, incluindo melanoma, carcinoma basocelular e espinocelular, são associados principalmente à exposição à radiação UV. Os casos de melanoma aumentaram significativamente de 1975 a 2016, indicando a importância da prevenção.Protetores solares são ferramentas fundamentais para evitar danos causados pela radiação UV. Existem dois tipos: químicos e físicos. Os químicos absorvem a energia UV, enquanto os físicos refletem ou dispersam a radiação. No entanto, os bloqueadores químicos têm sido associados a preocupações ambientais e de saúde, incluindo toxicidade para os corais e suspeitas de desregulação endócrina e carcinogenicidade. Foram obtidas pelo método de emulsificação espontânea seis formulações (F1, F2, F3, F4, F5 e F6) de protetor solar físico usando dióxido de titânio micronizado, apresentando-se a F5 como a formulação mais estável. A F5, apresentou-se transparente na pele.  A caracterização mostrou um diâmetro médio de partícula de 273 ± 4,89nm e índice de polidispersão 0,25 ± 0,12, demonstrando homogeneidade na formulação e capacidade reduzida de agregação.  A avaliação do fator de proteção solar (FPS) in vitro revelou valor de FPS - 28, considerado elevado para reflexão da radiação UV, atribuído à presença de partículas inorgânicas refletivas e à menor concentração de dióxido de titânio.
MANAGEMENT OF LAKES AND THEIR WATERSHEDS: GLOBAL TRENDS
Authors: Khilchevskyi V.K. ,   Taras Shevchenko National University of Kyiv, Kyiv, Ukraine
Published: July 2024

The article is devoted to the study of the issue of managing lakes and their drainage areas. It is shown that lakes are participants in the global water cycle, regulators of river flow, climate mitigation factors in the region and biodiversity conservation. Lakes, especially large ones, are an important resource in providing livelihoods for communities that depend on water bodies and coastal areas, recreation and public health. At the same time, the lakes suffer from significant anthropogenic pressure, including on the drainage area. The drying up and degradation of the Aral Sea in Central Asia, once the fourth largest lake in the world, is one of the worst environmental disasters on the planet in the late 20th century. The main reason for this environmental disaster is the influence of anthropogenic factors (70%). A sharp drop in the level of the Aral Sea began in connection with the development of agriculture in the Aral region, primarily due to the intensive cultivation of cotton in irrigated fields. Until the 1960s, the entire water flow of the Amu Darya and Syr Darya rivers, which feed the Aral Sea, was used to irrigate cotton plantations. The construction of numerous reservoirs and canals upset the balance between water supply and evaporation. In Africa, Lake Chad, formerly one of the twenty largest lakes in the world, is degrading. Management plans for lakes and their catchment areas, which have become widespread around the world since the beginning of the 21st century, are an important mechanism for the sustainable use and protection of water bodies. There are different approaches to creating lake management plans around the world. In Europe they form part of river basin management plans under the EU WFD, although a number of countries have already established the European Living Lakes Association in 2023, which aims to place lake and wetland conservation on the political agenda. On other continents, lake management plans are developed as independent documents under the auspices of government bodies with the broad involvement of public organizations. Ukraine, which implements the provisions of the EU WFD in the field of water resources management, should adopt both European and world experience in the sustainable use and protection of lakes.
METHODS FOR ASSESSING ECOSYSTEM SERVICES FOR WATER FLOW REGULATION
Authors: Korohoda N.P. ,   Taras Shevchenko National University of Kyiv, Kyiv, Ukraine, Pochaievets O.O. ,   Taras Shevchenko National University of Kyiv, Kyiv, Ukraine
Published: July 2024

In the course of its functioning, the city’s blue-green infrastructure (BGI), among other ecosystem services (ES), provides water flow regulation services. These are not only economic benefits associated with minimizing flood mitigation losses, but also environmental benefits, which include the normalization of the water cycle. To justify decisions on preventing or reducing the effects of floods in cities, it is very important to quantify the ES of water flow regulation. However, to present time, there is no universal structure and clear mechanism for conducting such an assessment in difficult urban conditions. The purpose of this study is to develop a methodology for geoinformation assessment of water flow regulation ES provided by urban green spaces (UGS) based on remote sensing data using open-source GIS tools. In accordance with the goal, the study developed a methodology based on determining the effectiveness of the relevant function of both individual UGS and the entire city’s BGI. In accordance with the indicators that characterize the properties of green spaces that mainly affect water regulation within the basin, a set of estimated indicators for the assessment was substantiated. These are the characteristics that determine the volume of water runoff, which were generalised and combined into a single calculation parameter (Fall), the coefficient of water regulating capacity due to the quality characteristics of vegetation cover (ω_veg); the coefficient of water regulating capacity due to soil properties (K_soil); the coefficient of water regulating capacity due to the type of underlying surface (ω). These parameters make it possible to implement an assessment methodology that consists in the step-by-step determination of: water flow indicators within small river basins (sub-basins); the efficiency of performing the water flow control function of each individual green area (E_water control (g_a)), and the efficiency of water flow control within the river basin by all available BGI within its boundaries (E_water control). Effectiveness indicators, based on the Harrington’s desirability function, allow to determine the volume of ES water control provision (ES_water_control(BGI) / ES_water_control(g_a)). The assessment based on this methodology can be a useful tool in urban planning decision-making. It allows identifying green areas that require priority actions to improve their capacity to provide flood control and adaptation of urban areas to climate change.
Marriages and divorces in the Arctic zone of the Sakha (Yakutia) Republic in 2000–2022
Authors: Timofeev Leonid F. , Savvina Nadezhda V. , Timofeev Artem L.
Published: July 2024

BACKGROUND: One of the primary concerns for national security in the Russain Arctic today is the declining population. A decrease in population over the last decade has also been observed in the Arctic zone of the Sakha (Yakutia) Republic. This trend can be attributed to unfavorable medical and demographic factors, such as low birth rates and relatively high mortality rates in the 13 districts that belong to the Arctic zone. We hypothesize that low marriage rates in most of the Arctic districts may also contribute to population decline.
AIM: To describe marriage and divorce rates in the Arctic zone of the Sakha (Yakutia) Republic in 2000–2022.
MATERIAL AND METHODS: A descriptive study. Materials from the official government statistics were used. Initially, marriage- and divorce rates were calculated using the percentile method in all districts of the republic. Then the analysis was performed using the data from 13 Arctic districts. Associations between the variables were studied by correlation analysis
RESULTS: Both marriage- and divorce rates were relatively low in the Arctic districts as demonstrated by the data in tables and charts and supported by the results of the correlation analysis.
CONCLUSION: The Arctic regions of the Sakha (Yakutia) Republic face challenges due to relatively low marriage- and divorce rates, which exacerbate the already unfavorable medical and demographic situation. In order to address these issues and improve the demographic policy in the region, specific recommendations have been developed for the municipal leaders of the Sakha (Yakutia) Republic.
Electron microscopy study of left ventricular cardiomyocytes in adult rats born preterm
Authors: Ivanova Vera V. , Milto Ivan V.
Published: July 2024

BACKGROUND: Preterm birth is a risk factor for the early development of cardiovascular diseases. Thus far, based on the results of clinical studies, the ultrastructural features of cardiomyocytes in adolescents and adults born prematurely can be identified. Thus, experiments aimed at studying the effects of preterm birth on the ultrastructure of cardiomyocytes in the late postnatal period of ontogenesis are relevant.
AIM: To identify the ultrastructural features of left ventricular cardiomyocytes in preterm adult rats.
MATERIALS AND METHODS: The study was conducted on full-term (n=4, pregnancy duration 22 days) and preterm (n=4, pregnancy duration 21 days) male Wistar rats. Preterm labor was induced by mifepristone injection to pregnant rats. Preterm and full-term offspring were removed from the experiment on day 180 of the postnatal period of ontogenesis. Fragments of the left ventricle of the heart of preterm and full-term rats were used for the ultrastructural studies of the cardiomyocytes (electron transmission microscopy). Electron microphotographs of longitudinal sections of contractile cardiomyocytes were used to determine the relative areas of the nucleus, cytoplasm, myofibrils, and mitochondria.
RESULTS: The structure of the cardiomyocytes of preterm and full-term rats on postnatal day 180 was fundamentally similar. However, the relative area of the nuclei of cardiomyocytes in preterm rats was lower (p=0.02), and the relative area of the cytoplasm was higher (p=0.02) than that in full-term animals. Exclusively, in the cytoplasm of preterm rats, perinuclear swelling of the cytoplasm, thinning of myofibrils, and signs of mitochondrial damage, such as destruction of mitochondrial membranes, concentric organization of mitochondrial cristae, and dissociation of mitochondrial clusters, were observed.
CONCLUSION: Preterm birth has chronic negative effects on the ultrastructure of cardiomyocytes. The observed ultrastructural changes lead to the disruption of energy production in the cardiomyocytes in the late postnatal period of ontogenesis of preterm rats.
What would the Marshal do?: Historical heroes as role models in contemporary martial arts
Authors: Jennings George , Delamont Sara
Published: July 2024

Many martial arts systems have their own revered heroes, such as mythical founders and leaders of notable schools. The paper draws on ethnographic research conducted on The Blade Academy, an expanding historical European martial arts (HEMA) school in the United Kingdom. Among pedagogic strategies used by the lead instructors and their core followers are narratives about historic figures whose heroic beliefs and deeds should be respected and even emulated by practitioners. This article explores the case study of 12-13th century Norman-English knight William Marshal, who is used as a principal model for leadership, martial valour, economic success and moral activity by the lead instructor. We examine idealised models of chivalry that such modern martial artists aspire to follow despite them living within very different societies and value systems. We conclude by considering the merits of revisiting historical figures who might act as role models for modern teachers and their students.
The penalties and scores by events, to predict victory and defeat according to when the contest ends in elite judo contests
Authors: Dopico-Calvo Xurxo , Santos Luis , Mayo Xián , Carballeira Eduardo , Clavel Iván , Ceylam Bayram , Kons Rafael L. , Iglesias-Soler Eliseo
Published: July 2024

The main aim of this study was to ascertain whether the victory and defeat in the different types of the judo contest, in the elite male and female divisions, are associated to the occurrence of the penalties and scores of the first three events (changes in the scoreboard -either penalty or score-) of them. 2340 contests of the 2018, 2019 and 2021 World Judo Championships were analysed. The Pearson’s chi-squared test expressed that [1] shido-1 in the first event (EV1) of the contests that end before the regular time (BRT) and of those without considering when they end (OC) is associated to defeat for both sexes and, that [2] wazari-1 in the EV1 of the BRT and in the EV2 and EV3 of the BRT, of the contests with the duration extended beyond the regular time (EXT) and of OC is associated to victory for both sexes except in the EV2 of the EXT (only for male athletes in this case). Thus, it is suggested that the victory and defeat in the different types of the judo elite contests are associated with the occurrence of the penalties and scores of the first three events of them.
Epidemiological characteristics and pregnancy outcomes of gastroschisis in Alabama
Authors: Voleti Sidhu Rao Surya , Cagle Izza
Published: July 2024

Background: Gastroschisis is a congenital defect where an infant's intestines extend outside the body through a hole near the belly button, requiring immediate surgery post-birth. Understanding its risk factors is crucial for prevention and improving outcomes. This study aimed to describe the epidemiological trends, maternal and infant characteristics, and identify significant risk factors for gastroschisis using a comprehensive dataset and advanced statistical methods.
Methods: A population-based, retrospective, age, and race-matched case-control study was conducted using Alabama birth certificate data. The study included infants born to non-Hispanic African American and non-Hispanic white mothers. Data preparation involved filtering for singleton births and excluding other congenital anomalies. Logistic regression identified significant predictors, addressing multicollinearity using the Variance Inflation Factor (VIF).
Results: The dataset included 100 cases and 300 controls. Significant predictors identified through logistic regression included young maternal age (less than 20 years) (OR, 2.81; CI, 1.4-5.33), maternal smoking pre-pregnancy (OR, 1.90; CI, 1.01-3.54) and during pregnancy (OR, 2.11; CI, 1.12-3.98), and lower maternal BMI (OR, 0.92; CI, 0.88-0.96). Maternal smoking and young maternal age were significant risk factors, while maternal obesity appeared protective.
Conclusions: This study identified maternal smoking, maternal BMI, and young maternal age as significant predictors of gastroschisis. These findings contribute to understanding the etiology of gastroschisis and highlight the importance of targeted interventions for at-risk populations. Further research is needed to explore underlying mechanisms and develop effective prevention strategies.
Exploring bilirubin/albumin ratio as predictor of significant hyperbilirubinemia among neonate in Southwest Nigeria
Authors: Afolayan Odunayo , Onigbinde Michael , Joel-Medewase Victor , Oluwayemi Oluwadare , Oyedeji Olushola , Ojedokun Samson
Published: July 2024

Background: The concept of prediction of neonatal hyperbilirubinemia offers an attractive option in identifying babies at risk of significant hyperbilirubinemia. This study determined the ability of the cord bilirubin/albumin ratio to predict significant hyperbilirubinemia.
Methods: This was a hospital-based longitudinal cross-sectional study conducted on four hundred and seventy-one neonates in a southwest community in Nigeria. Blood samples were obtained for cord bilirubin, cord albumin and cord bilirubin/albumin ratio were analyzed for their predictive ability of significant hyperbilirubinemia at 72-96 hours with follow-up. Receiver observation curve analysis (ROC) was employed to compare the predictive abilities of cord bilirubin, cord albumin and cord bilirubin/albumin ratio.
Results: The prevalence of significant hyperbilirubinemia was 4.2%. Cord bilirubin and cord bilirubin/albumin ratio were found to have a significant relationship with the development of significant hyperbilirubinemia at 48-72 hours follow-up. Cord bilirubin of greater than 1.58 mg/dl was shown to be predictive of significant hyperbilirubinemia with a sensitivity, specificity, negative predictive value, and positive predictive value of 70%, 48.34%, 5.7% and 97.3% respectively.
Conclusions: Comparing the predictive abilities of cord bilirubin, cord albumin and cord bilirubin/albumin ratio; the study reveals that cord bilirubin has the best ability to predict significant hyperbilirubinemia.
Five-year trends in antimicrobial susceptibility of uropathogens isolated from paediatric patients attending a tertiary care teaching hospital
Authors: Surlu Vidya Rao , Krishnan Ashwi R. , Edavaloth Preethy , Mankarathodi Arshad Jaman , Neliyathodi Fysal , Jakribettu Ramakrishna Pai
Published: July 2024

Background: Urinary tract infection (UTI) is a common bacterial infection encountered by paediatrician in their routine clinical practice, globally. To avoid complications, accurate diagnosis and initiation of appropriate antimicrobial therapy is very important. To reduce the treatment failure, the change in antimicrobial resistance (AMR) pattern is very essential. Aim was to study the trend of antimicrobial susceptibility of uropathogen in paediatric patients attending the tertiary care hospital.
Methods: It was a retrospective study conducted in the department of microbiology, paediatrics and quality control, the records of paediatric patients i.e., between 1-16 years age, diagnosed with UTI between January 2017-December 2021 were collected. The age, gender, uropathogens and their antimicrobial susceptibility were noted. The data was analysed by frequency and percentage.
Results: A total of 276 paediatric patients were diagnosed with UTI during the study period. The highest number of patients i.e., 109/276 (39.5%) belonged between 1-5 years of age with female predominance. E. coli (148/ 276, 53.62%) was the most common uropathogen isolated followed by Klebsiella spp. (57/276, 20.7%). Staphylococcus spp. and Enterococcus spp. were the common Gram-positive pathogens. Highest resistance was observed to ampicillin followed by 3rd generation cephalosporin (3GC), folate inhibitors among the E. coli and similarly in Klebsiella isolates. There was increasing rate of resistance seen in ampicillin, 3GC, nitrofurantoin, beta lactum-beta lactamase inhibitor combination.
Conclusions: E. coli is the most common cause of UTI with changing resistance pattern over five years. So, the antibiogram needs to be closely monitored and the AMA for empirical therapy needs modified annually.
Assessment of growth among children with type 1 diabetes mellitus
Authors: Pavadigoudra Mallanagouda Kuberagouda , Sajjanar Sujata B. , K. Uday , B. Ushakiran C.
Published: July 2024

Background: As insulin is important regulator of growth hormone related factors, especially insulin like growth factors (IGF-1) and insulin like growth factors binding proteins (IGFBP-3), disorders of insulin production can result in poor growth. Studies suggest that growth abnormalities are common in subjects with poor metabolic control and longer disease duration. Growth parameters are important indicators of a child overall health and they are influenced by factors like blood glucose control in diabetic children.
Methods: After obtaining institutional ethical committee clearance and informed consent from parents/subjects, a prospective observational study was conducted from January 2018 to June 2019. Anthropometry of each participant (height, weight, BMI) measured and 4 ml of venous blood was collected for HbA1C levels. Results were compared with age specific standards. Anthropometry and blood investigations performed once in 3 months for 1 year.
Results: Out of 30 cases, 53.3% (n=16) were males and 46.7% (n=14) were females with M:F ratio of was 1:1.04. Among those with poor HbA1C control 73.69% (n=14) had short stature at the entry of the study and the results was statistically significant (p=0.043). Among those with poor HbA1C control, 72.73% (n=08) had short stature at the one year follow up and the results was statistically significant (p=0.017). Which suggests that linear growth in children with type 1 diabetes is highly related to glycemic control.
Conclusions: Growth was compromised in diabetic children. Children diagnosed at younger age need monitoring of good glycemic control and drug compliance to optimize the growth.
Association between vitamin D levels and extensive dental caries in children, Karnataka, India
Authors: Bhat Ramesh , Kini Sandesh , Shenoy Rakshitha R. , Kumar Saurabh
Published: July 2024

Background: Dental caries is a global public health concern, particularly for young children. The objective of the study was to investigate the severity of dental caries in children with vitamin D deficiency and to compare the vitamin D levels among children with extensive dental caries and without caries.
Methods: A case control study was carried out among 38 children between 2 to 16 years of age with 19 children in case (with dental caries) and 19 in control (without dental caries) groups from February 2022 to September 2023. Caries status of the children was recorded using decayed, extracted, missing, and filled teeth (DMFT) index. Every child had blood sample taken for serum 25(OH) vitamin D levels. After gathering all the data, it was statistically analysed.
Results: The mean serum 25(OH) vitamin D level was 24.93 ng/ml (SD±7.05) among cases and 18.67 ng/mL (S. D±8.88) among the controls. When the mean levels of serum 25(OH) vitamin D were compared between case and control groups, there was a statistically significant difference (p value=0.021). Simple linear regression in case group showed inverse correlation between the level of vitamin D and dental caries, however it was not statistically significant (p value=0.58).
Conclusions: Our results showed that there was no significant association between Vitamin D levels and dental caries. This may be due to small sample size which is one of the limitations of our study. We need further studies with larger sample size to study this association.
The study of clinical profile and management of dengue fever in children
Authors: Tripathy Asmita , Gosai Dhara , Pathak Gargi H. , Jadav Mehul M.
Published: July 2024

Background: Dengue fever is characterized by biphasic fever, myalgia or arthralgia and rash. WHO has estimated that there are 100 million cases and 30,000 deaths worldwide. It is caused by serotypes of dengue virus and transmitted by mosquitoes of Aedes Aegypti. The aim was to study the clinical-epidemiological profile of children with dengue fever.
Methods: From January 2020 to December 2020, the baseline survey was conducted in pediatrics department, Civil Hospital, Asarwa, Ahmedabad, India in which the data was confirmed dengue fever with laboratory diagnosis of serology (NS1/IgM) positive in the age group of >6 months and <12 years.
Results: In a total of 127 cases of dengue, majority (52%) were in age group of 6-12 years and presented with warning signs (72%). The most common complication and hemorrhagic manifestation were dengue hepatitis (10.5%) and petechiae/purpura (29.1%). Bleeding was common when platelet count was <20000 lakh/mm3. Diagnosis was confirmed with dengue NS1 Ag (71.7%) and serum IgM (100%). Most of the patients recovered with IV fluid therapy (81.9%).
Conclusions: Major admissions were in the febrile phase of the disease. NS1Ag, liver function test and ultrasonography play an important role in early diagnosis, early detection of complication and as a prognostic marker for outcome in dengue fever. The mainstay of management is adequate hydration (IV fluids). It was concluded that, prevention is better than cure of the disease in the form of integrated vector management control.
Leveraging real-time PCR for early diagnosis of respiratory conditions in the Indian pediatric population
Authors: Nandagopal Murugan , Kalyankumar Venugopal , Deepa Murugesan , Chirayu Padhiar
Published: July 2024

Background: Respiratory tract infections (RTIs) caused by various viruses and microbial agents present clinical challenges due to their diverse presentations. This retrospective study aimed to identify epidemiological trends and clinical characteristics of RTIs in pediatric populations using molecular diagnosis.
Methods: The study cohort comprised 100 paediatric individuals, predominantly male (70%) compared to female (30%), distributed across different age brackets. Real Time PCR targeting 32 microbial pathogens includes bacteria (15) and viruses (17).
Results: The majority of participants were aged 1 to 12 months (38%), followed by 1 to 3 years (29%), and 3 to 10 years (25%), with the smallest group being infants under 1 month (8%).  A total of 134 pathogens were detected in 100 patients, with a higher prevalence in males (80%) compared to females (20%). Human respiratory syncytial viruses A and B were the most common, with 17 cases in males and 5 in females. Klebsiella pneumonia followed, with 19 cases in males and 5 in females. Influenza A and B viruses were also notable, with 7 and 9 cases in males, and 4 and 7 cases in females, respectively. Other significant microbes included human parainfluenza virus 3, human adenovirus, and Streptococcus pneumoniae. Notably, SARS-CoV-2 and Acinetobacter baumannii were not detected in either gender during the study period.
Conclusions: Our study shows that nucleic acid-based tests, especially multiplex PCR, effectively detect respiratory viruses in pediatric RTI patients, reducing inappropriate antibacterial use and mortality/morbidity.
Services provided by the adolescent health friendly clinics in the state of Himachal Pradesh, India: an overview
Authors: Chauhan Anjali , Sharma Aaina , Sethi Gaurav , Bhatia Manisha
Published: July 2024

Background: Adolescence is a transitional phase of physical and psychological development and is characterized by emotional turmoil, anxiety, increase in risk taking behaviour and seeking comfort in peers rather than parents. Taking into account these factors, government has started certain programmes for welfare of adolescent youth, and here we aim to study various services provided to the adolescents, under adolescent health friendly clinic in Himachal which are started under National adolescent health programme.
Methods: Adolescent data is obtained from public domain about the services and facilities provided to the adolescent girls and boys at various adolescent health friendly clinic established in various districts of Himachal Pradesh. The data is taken from January 2021 to December 2023 for 2 years.
Results: In total of 103 adolescent health friendly clinic, 44% of adolescent received clinical services, 47% of adolescent received counselling services and 9% of the adolescent received referral to other departments to seek specialized care.
Conclusions: During adolescence, individuals have unique health and rights requirements and with access to appropriate experiences and rights, individuals can pave the way for a brighter future and contribute significantly to the strength of their nation.
Alkaline phosphatase isoenzyme analysis in umbilical cord blood of healthy term neonates
Authors: Hemavathi S. , Sathiyapriya V. , Rekha C. , Seeralar A. T. Arasar , Dolia Pragna B. , P. Abinaya
Published: July 2024

Background: Alkaline phosphatases are isoenzymes that hydrolyze the organic phosphate in the extracellular space to free phosphates; mostly they are present on the outer layer of the cell membrane similar to that on hepatocytes. The human body contains four isoenzymes: they are hepatic/bone/renal alkaline phosphatase (L/B/K ALP), intestinal alkaline phosphatase (IALP), placental alkaline phosphatase (PLALP isoenzyme), and germ cell alkaline phosphatase (GCALP). In clinical practice, alkaline phosphatase (ALP) is routinely measured as a marker of bone and hepatic function. In the field of neonatology, it is used in diagnosing and indicating the severity of metabolic bone disease (MBD) in preterm newborns. It is also used as an early predictor of neonatal jaundice. The current study is aimed at detecting the specific isoenzyme form of alkaline phosphatase elevated in the umbilical cord of newborns and its association with hyperbilirubinemia.
Methods: The study included 30-term newborns in a tertiary care hospital in Velappanchavadi, Chennai. After birth, cord blood was collected for the determination of alkaline phosphatase isoenzyme in the serum. The average alkaline phosphatase activity in the cord blood serum was 109±35 IU/l. The average percentage of alkaline phosphatase activity after treatment with heat, phenylalanine, and urea were 6, 11.5, and 87% respectively.
Results: It was evident that the isoenzyme form present in the umbilical cord of term healthy neonates is of intestinal origin.
Conclusions: The elevated intestinal form of alkaline phosphatase indicates an immature liver and thereby predicts the future development of hyperbilirubinemia.
A case report on Kawasaki disease
Authors: Geetha Karra , Sree Kotti Ramya , Begum Shaik Razia , Kumar Anil , Hussain Nur , Rao T. Rama
Published: July 2024

Kawasaki disease (KD) is a significant pediatric condition characterized by diverse clinical manifestations and potential cardiovascular complications. This case report examines a 4-year- old male child, third in birth order from a consanguineous marriage, presenting with a 14-day history of fever, strawberry tongue, peri-oral and peri-anal excoriation, and skin peeling on the upper limbs. Clinical examination revealed bilateral bulbar conjunctival injection and cervical lymphadenopathy. Laboratory findings indicated systemic inflammation, supporting the KD diagnosis according to established criteria. The child was treated with intravenous fluids (IVF), paracetamol, intravenous immunoglobulin (IVIG), aspirin, and topical calamine lotion. The treatment regimen led to favorable patient outcomes, although the consanguineous background suggests potential genetic predisposition. This case underscores the critical need for timely diagnosis and intervention in KD to prevent severe cardiac complications. It highlights the importance of adhering to diagnostic criteria and prompt therapeutic measures, contributing to improved understanding and management of KD in pediatric practice. Further research is recommended to explore genetic factors influencing KD.
Silent Meckel’s diverticulum in an acute abdomen of adolescence
Authors: Umapathy Pasupathy , Madhu  , Kumar Dinesh , Umaserma  , Francis Litha
Published: July 2024

Meckel's diverticulum is common congenital abnormality which is common in less than 2 years of age, mostly asymptomatic and may complications such as intestinal blockage, gastrointestinal bleeding, and perforation. It may rarely present as gangrenous Meckel’s diverticulum. A 13-year-old child brought with complaint abdominal pain for a month and abdominal distention, vomiting, fever for two days. No history of bleeding per rectum. On clinical examination, child febrile with tenderness in the lower abdomen and guarding in the right iliac fossa.  Blood workup was normal. A CECT scan of whole abdomen revealed an enlarged appendix filled with fluid, and possible perforation tip of appendix. The imaging findings indicated a possible case of acute appendicitis, with signs of perforation and the presence of an abscess or collection near the appendix. The child underwent a laparoscopic appendectomy. Intraoperatively, it was found that the appendix was inflamed and had adhesions to the small bowel, abdominal wall, sigmoid colon, and urinary bladder. A bowel walk revealed dilated loops of the small bowel, and approximately three feet from the junction of the small and large intestines, a gangrenous Meckel's diverticulum was found. Consequently, a laparoscopic-assisted Meckel's resection and ileoileal anastomosis were performed. After surgical procedure, child improved symptomatically. Diverticulitis has multi facet clinical presentation and it can also occur along with other gastrointestinal conditions. Hence approaching any gastrointestinal condition, also should have suspicion on diverticulitis to avoid the complications of diverticulitis.
Embryonal rhabdomyosarcoma presenting as edema of the soft palate and necrosis of the uvula: a case report and review of the literature
Authors: Wengerman Oscar Calderon , Epelstein Jonathan Maya , De La Garza Hesles Hector , Sanabrais López María J. , Yaffe Michelle Mizrahi
Published: July 2024

Rhabdomyosarcoma (RMS) is a malignant tumor that affects skeletal muscles, typically found in the head and neck region of children. There have been a few reported cases of RMS occurring in the oral cavity. The prognosis of a patient with this condition depends on many clinical and biological factors, including age, the location of the tumor, histopathological subtype, and whether it has spread at the time of diagnosis. This case report and literature review focus on an unusual presentation of embryonal RMS in the uvula. The report described a case of a young Mexican child presented with symptoms such as edema, swelling of the soft palate, and necrosis of the uvula. The authors discuss the characteristics, management, and treatment of this neoplasm, providing valuable insights on the prognosis and therapeutic approaches for this rare condition and considering that the head and neck region can be a challenging site to treat due to the young age of the patient and the critical anatomy of this area.
Bilateral sudden sensorineural hearing loss: a rare case report
Authors: Hosea Libason
Published: July 2024

Sudden sensorineural hearing loss refers to the unexplained rapid onset of hearing loss occurring in a person who was apparently well. The exact cause of this nature of hearing loss is unknown in most cases, although it is linked to viral infections, vascular compromise or coagulation disorders in the blood, metabolic conditions such as diabetes mellitus, autoimmune conditions of the inner ear, endolymphatic hydrops such as in Meniere’s disease, or traumatic injury to the inner ear. A case of a 20-year-old male who was apparently healthy before presenting with the sudden onset of bilateral hearing loss, accompanied by tinnitus and dizziness was presented. There was no headache, loss of consciousness, or visual disturbance, and the patient had no history of head trauma. Otoscopy, anterior rhinoscopy, and neurological examination were apparently normal. The diagnosis of sudden sensorineural hearing loss was made, and the patient's pure tone audiometry results showed profound sensorineural hearing loss on the right side, and moderate sensorineural hearing loss on the left. The patient was treated with methylprednisolone and acyclovir. We have presented a rare case of bilateral sudden sensorineural hearing loss in a young adult male who had no risk factors. The cause of sudden sensorineural hearing loss in this patient was thought to be idiopathic.
Recurrence due to dissemination of tumor cells after transoral endoscopic thyroidectomy vestibular approach
Authors: Navarro-Fernández Carlos , Luna-Peteuil Zelik , Guemes-Meza Agustin , Luna Ortiz Kuauhyama
Published: July 2024

The present report aims to document a case of recurrence attributed to residual tumor in a patient with papillary thyroid cancer who underwent Transoral endoscopic thyroidectomy vestibular approach (TOETVA). A 48-year-old female presented with a mass in the central part of the neck. On ultrasound, the lesion was classified as TIRADS 4b. Fine-needle aspiration biopsy revealed papillary carcinoma (cT1b cN0 cM0, stage I). The patient underwent transoral thyroidectomy without complications. The pathology report showed conventional papillary thyroid carcinoma in both lobes, with the predominant lobe measuring 2×1×0.5 cm. Three years later, the patient presented with elevated thyroglobulin levels (1.92) despite adequate TSH suppression. Six months later, a repeat ultrasound showed continued persistence of the lesion at level VI, prompting resection under local anesthesia, which revealed invasive papillary thyroid carcinoma involving soft tissues. TOETVA remains a safe procedure for cancer cases. However, its oncological outcomes have not yet been fully demonstrated, particularly regarding the impact of possible recurrences stemming from residual tumor fragments or cells during the procedure.
Transformative frontiers in orthognathic and maxillofacial surgery through 3D printing and virtual surgical planning
Authors: Pendharkar Seema , Chaudhari Siddharth , Vyavahare Sujit , Bhatt Sumit , Deepti Bitra , Byrappa Brijesh
Published: July 2024

Orthognathic and maxillofacial surgery has seen remarkable advancements in recent years, owing much to the integration of 3D printing and virtual surgical planning (VSP) technologies. This research article explores the transformative frontiers facilitated by these technologies in the field of orthognathic and maxillofacial surgery. Through a comprehensive review of the literature, this paper elucidates the evolution, applications, benefits, and challenges of 3D printing and VSP in surgical planning, patient-specific implant fabrication, education, and training. Furthermore, it discusses the prospects and potential directions of these technologies, emphasizing their pivotal role in enhancing surgical precision, patient outcomes, and overall healthcare delivery in the realm of craniofacial surgery.
Comparative evaluation of bone density (in Hounsfield units) of potential implant sites in the edentulous mandibular first molar region in young adults and elderly male patients using cone beam computed tomography: A cross-sectional study
Authors: Khairnar Kalyani , Bhadage Chetan , Bhoosreddy Ajay , Barve Madhura
Published: July 2024

: Previous literature has highlighted a significant difference in bone density between male and female patients; however, comparative data are scarce regarding bone density among younger and elderly male patients.

: To measure the difference in bone density at the center and periphery of potential implant sites in the edentulous mandibular first molar region in young and elderly adult male patients.

: Scans fulfilling the inclusion criteria will be divided into Group A (30–40 years) and Group B (50–60 years). The customized software measured and compared bone density at the potential implant site's center and periphery.

: A total of 90 CBCT scans were equally divided into two groups. The mean density of both groups was compared on center (P 0.787), on the lingual aspect at 2mm (P 0.310), 4mm (P 0.291), and buccal aspect at 2mm (P 0.223) and 4mm (P 0.291). The difference in bone density in both groups at different positions of potential implant sites was statistically insignificant.

: In males, age was not associated with bone density for the edentulous mandibular bone of the mandibular first molar site.
Removal of osteoma from the forehead area via standard bicoronal approach, and restoration of the cavity with radiopaque bone cement polymethyl methacrylate, which is usually used to fix pathological fractures of the vertebral body
Authors: Manafikhi Mohamad Ayham , Orlov Andrey Alekseevich
Published: July 2024

Osteomas are benign, slow-growing tumors that arise most frequently in the craniomaxillofacial region. Osteomas may be asymptomatic for a long time until they cause deformation of the bone or compress adjacent structures. Peripheral osteomas arise from the periosteum. Patient, a 44-year-old woman, had a bone tumor in the frontal bone on the left side, noticed 23 years ago. After conducting all examinations and pre-operative preparation, the operation was performed under general anesthesia, the bone tumor was removed and the cavity resulting from the removal of the bone tumor was restored, using radiopaque bone cement polymethyl methacrylate, which is usually used to fix pathological fractures of the vertebral body. After the first operation, a second procedure was performed, a facelift in the middle area of the face. The patient's condition in the days after the operation was good. She did not experience any immune reaction or infection. The cosmetic result and symmetry are at its best. The results of repairing shallow open bone defects, especially in the frontal bone, with bone cement have not been reported or studied yet.
An unusual presentation of empty sella syndrome in oral and maxillofacial surgery: A case report
Authors: Jain Neha , Neelima Chembolu , Reddy Geetla Santhosh , Charan Donekal Guru
Published: July 2024

Oral and maxillofacial surgeons frequently encounter various anatomical abnormalities and incidental discoveries while reviewing routine radiographs. These serendipitous findings can ultimately benefit the patient by enhancing our diagnostic practices and facilitating timely treatment. This report aims to spotlight a noteworthy radiological finding known as "Empty Sella Syndrome" (ESS) and present a case report from our department. ESS involves the compression of the pituitary gland into a thin rim due to increased cerebrospinal fluid pressure, resulting in the appearance of an almost empty sella turcica. This condition impacts both the neurological and endocrine systems in individuals of all age groups, exhibiting a preference for females. A young patient reported with Buccal space infection and drainage of pus extra-orally along with decayed teeth. The treatment planned was Incision & Drainage, extraction of non-restorable teeth under General Anesthesia as it was a challenge to make the patient cooperate under local anesthesia due to her social anxiety and comprehension difficulties. Patients with empty sella syndrome who present with hormonal deficiencies and delay in developmental milestones may experience intellectual disabilities, they require multidisciplinary collaboration, long term treatment and observation. A thorough knowledge of human anatomy and interpretation of radiographs as well as investigations is critical in recognizing such rare and unusual conditions.
Monostotic fibrous dysplasia of anterior & posterior mandible: A rare case report & review of literature
Authors: Divya VC  , Nikhath. A Nishaath
Published: July 2024

Fibrous dysplasia is a lesion, characterized by the replacement of osseous tissue with fibro-osseous tissue. It mainly occurs in the calf bones and facial bones, with about 30% of cases affecting the cranial bones. Typically seen during adolescence, fibrous dysplasia can persist into adulthood. The maxilla is roughly twice as likely to be afflicted as the mandible, and it generally manifests unilaterally in the vertical rami and angle of the lower jaw. We report a case of 14-year-old adolescent with symptomatic monostotic fibrous dysplasia of the left posterior and anterior lower jaw region, supported by clinical, radiographic, and pathological findings. Radiographic examination revealed a lesion with radio-density and lucent characteristics, like ground glass. Subsequent biopsy and histological analysis confirmed the diagnosis of Fibrous Dysplasia (Aggressive Lesion). Surgical shaving and re-contouring of the jaw were performed with careful attention to protecting the left mental nerve. Regular follow-up for monostotic fibrous dysplasia showed no clear evidence of progression or malignancy during subsequent assessments.