bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Constructions of cospectral graphs with different zero forcing numbers
Authors: Abiad Aida , Brimkov Boris , Breen Jane , Cameron Thomas R. , Gupta Himanshu , Villagran Ralihe R.
Published: May 2022

Several researchers have recently explored various graph parameters that can or cannot be characterized by the spectrum of a matrix associated with a graph. In this paper, we show that several NP-hard zero forcing numbers are not characterized by the spectra of several types of associated matrices with a graph. In particular, we consider standard zero forcing, positive semidefinite zero forcing, and skew zero forcing and provide constructions of infinite families of pairs of cospectral graphs, which have different values for these numbers. We explore several methods for obtaining these cospectral graphs including using graph products, graph joins, and graph switching. Among these, we provide a construction involving regular adjacency cospectral graphs; the regularity of this construction also implies cospectrality with respect to several other matrices including the Laplacian, signless Laplacian, and normalized Laplacian. We also provide a construction where pairs of cospectral graphs can have an arbitrarily large difference between their zero forcing numbers.
Risk of revision based on timing of corticosteroid injection prior to shoulder arthroplasty
Authors: Stadecker Monica , Gu Alex , Ramamurti Pradip , Fassihi Safa C. , Wei Chapman , Agarwal Amil Raj , Bovonratwet Patawut , Srikumaran Uma
Published: May 2022

Aims

Corticosteroid injections are often used to manage glenohumeral arthritis in patients who may be candidates for future total shoulder arthroplasty (TSA) or reverse shoulder arthroplasty (rTSA). In the conservative management of these patients, corticosteroid injections are often provided for symptomatic relief. The purpose of this study was to determine if the timing of corticosteroid injections prior to TSA or rTSA is associated with changes in rates of revision and periprosthetic joint infection (PJI) following these procedures.

Methods

Data were collected from a national insurance database from January 2006 to December 2017. Patients who underwent shoulder corticosteroid injection within one year prior to ipsilateral TSA or rTSA were identified and stratified into the following cohorts: < three months, three to six months, six to nine months, and nine to 12 months from time of corticosteroid injection to TSA or rTSA. A control cohort with no corticosteroid injection within one year prior to TSA or rTSA was used for comparison. Univariate and multivariate analyses were conducted to determine the association between specific time intervals and outcomes.

Results

In total, 4,252 patients were included in this study. Among those, 1,632 patients (38.4%) received corticosteroid injection(s) within one year prior to TSA or rTSA and 2,620 patients (61.6%) did not. On multivariate analysis, patients who received corticosteroid injection < three months prior to TSA or rTSA were at significantly increased risk for revision (odds ratio (OR) 2.61 (95% confidence interval (CI) 1.77 to 3.28); p < 0.001) when compared with the control cohort. However, there was no significant increase in revision risk for all other timing interval cohorts. Notably, Charlson Comorbidity Index ≥ 3 was a significant independent risk factor for all-cause revision (OR 4.00 (95% CI 1.40 to 8.92); p = 0.036).

Conclusion

There is a time-dependent relationship between the preoperative timing of corticosteroid injection and the incidence of all-cause revision surgery following TSA or rTSA. This analysis suggests that an interval of at least three months should be maintained between corticosteroid injection and TSA or rTSA to minimize risks of subsequent revision surgery. Cite this article: Bone Joint J 2022;104-B(5):620–626.
The CPUP Hip Score predicts displacement of the hip in children with cerebral palsy
Authors: Gaston Mark S. , Wordie Sarah J. , Wagner Philippe , Hägglund Gunnar , Robb James E.
Published: May 2022

Aims

The Uppföljningsprogram för cerebral pares (CPUP) Hip Score distinguishes between children with cerebral palsy (CP) at different levels of risk for displacement of the hip. The score was constructed using data from Swedish children with CP, but has not been confirmed in any other population. The aim of this study was to determine the calibration and discriminatory accuracy of this score in children with CP in Scotland.

Methods

This was a total population-based study of children registered with the Cerebral Palsy Integrated Pathway Scotland. Displacement of the hip was defined as a migration percentage (MP) of > 40%. Inclusion criteria were children in Gross Motor Function Classification System (GMFCS) levels III to V. The calibration slope was estimated and Kaplan-Meier curves produced for five strata of CPUP scores to compare the observed with the predicted risk of displacement of the hip at five years. For discriminatory accuracy, the time-dependent area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUC) was estimated. In order to analyze differences in the performance of the score between cohorts, score weights, and subsequently the AUC, were re-estimated using the variables of the original score: the child’s age at the first examination, GMFCS level, head shaft angle, and MP of the worst hip in a logistic regression with imputation of outcomes for those with incomplete follow-up.

Results

The discriminatory accuracy of the score in the new population of 367 children was high (AUC 0.78 (95% confidence interval (CI) 0.71 to 0.86)). The calibration of the score was insufficient (slope 0.48 (95% CI 0.31 to 0.65)), and the absolute risks of displacement of the hip in this population were overestimated. The AUC increased with re-estimated weights (0.85 (95% CI 0.79 to 0.91)).

Conclusion

The CPUP Hip Score had a high ability to discriminate between children at different levels of risk for displacement of the hip. The score overestimated the absolute risks of displacement in this population, which may have resulted from differences in the way children were initially registered in the two programmes. The results are promising, but the score weights may need re-estimation before its clinical application in Scotland. Cite this article: Bone Joint J 2022;104-B(5):640–644.
Bone grafting for scaphoid nonunion surgery
Authors: Duncumb Joseph W. , Robinson Patrick G. , Williamson Tom R. , Murray Iain R. , Campbell Doug , Molyneux Samuel G. , Duckworth Andrew D.
Published: May 2022

Aims

The purpose of this systematic review was to determine the rates of union for vascularized versus non-vascularized grafting techniques in the operative management of scaphoid nonunion. Secondary aims were to determine the effect of the fixation techniques used, the source of grafting, as well as the influence of fracture location (proximal pole) and avascular necrosis (AVN).

Methods

A search of PubMed, MEDLINE, and Embase was performed in June 2021 using the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Review and Meta-Analyses statement and registered using the PROSPERO International prospective register of systematic reviews. The primary outcome was union rate.

Results

There were 78 studies that met the inclusion criteria with a total of 7,671 patients (87.8% male, 12.2% female). The mean age was 27.9 years (SD 3.8) and the mean follow-up was 30.9 months (SD 25.9). The mean union rate was 88.7% (95% confidence interval (CI) 85.0 to 92.5) for non-vascularized grafts versus 87.5% (95% CI 82.8 to 92.2) for vascularized grafts (p = 0.685). Pooled analysis of trial data alone found a mean union rate of 82.4% (95% CI 66.9% to 97.9%) for non-vascularized grafts and 89.4% (95% CI 84.1% to 94.7%) for vascularized grafts (p = 0.780). No significant difference was observed in union rates between any of the fixation techniques used in the studies (p = 0.502). Distal radius and iliac crest graft source had comparable mean union rates (86.9% (95% CI 83.1 to 90.7) vs 87.6% (95% CI 82.2 to 92.9); p = 0.841). Studies that excluded patients with both proximal pole fractures and AVN (n = 14) had a mean union rate of 96.5% (95% CI 94.2 to 98.9) that was significantly greater than the mean union rate of 86.8% (95% CI 83.2 to 90.4) observed in the remaining studies (p < 0.001).

Conclusion

Current evidence suggests vascularized bone grafting does not yield significantly superior results to non-vascularized grafting in scaphoid nonunion management. However, potential selection bias lessens the certainty of these findings. The fixation type or source of the graft used was not found to influence union rates either. Sufficiently designed and powered prospective randomized controlled trials in this area are needed. Cite this article: Bone Joint J 2022;104-B(5):549–558.
Hemiarthroplasty or total elbow arthroplasty for unreconstructable distal humeral fractures in patients aged over 65 years
Authors: Burden Eleanor Grace , Batten Timothy , Smith Christopher , Evans Jonathan P.
Published: May 2022

Aims

Arthroplasty is being increasingly used for the management of distal humeral fractures (DHFs) in elderly patients. Arthroplasty options include total elbow arthroplasty (TEA) and hemiarthroplasty (HA); both have unique complications and there is not yet a consensus on which implant is superior. This systematic review asked: in patients aged over 65 years with unreconstructable DHFs, what differences are there in outcomes, as measured by patient-reported outcome measures (PROMs), range of motion (ROM), and complications, between distal humeral HA and TEA?

Methods

A systematic review of the literature was performed via a search of MEDLINE and Embase. Two reviewers extracted data on PROMs, ROM, and complications. PROMs and ROM results were reported descriptively and a meta-analysis of complications was conducted. Quality of methodology was assessed using Wylde’s non-summative four-point system. The study was registered with PROSPERO (CRD42021228329).

Results

A total of 29 studies met the inclusion and exclusion criteria. The mean Disabilities of the Arm, Shoulder and Hand questionnaire (DASH) score was 19.6 (SD 7.5) for HA and 38 (SD 11.9) for TEA and the mean abbreviated version of DASH was 17.2 (SD 13.2) for HA and 24.9 (SD 4.8) for TEA. The Mayo Elbow Performance Score was the most commonly reported PROM across included studies, with a mean of 87 (SD 5.3) in HA and 88.3 (SD 5) in TEA. High complication rates were seen in both HA (22% (95% confidence interval (CI) 5 to 44)) and TEA (21% (95% CI 13 to 30), but no statistically significant difference identified.

Conclusion

This systematic review has indicated PROMs and ROM mostly favouring HA, but with a similarly high complication rate in the two procedures. However, due to the small sample size and heterogeneity between studies, strength of evidence for these findings is low. We propose further research in the form of a national randomized controlled trial. Cite this article: Bone Joint J 2022;104-B(5):559–566.
Intraoperative pressure sensors improve soft-tissue balance but not clinical outcomes in total knee arthroplasty: a multicentre randomized controlled trial
Authors: MacDessi Samuel J. , Wood Jil A. , Diwan Ashish , Harris Ian A. ,   on behalf of the SENSOR BALANCE Study Group
Published: May 2022

Aims

Intraoperative pressure sensors allow surgeons to quantify soft-tissue balance during total knee arthroplasty (TKA). The aim of this study was to determine whether using sensors to achieve soft-tissue balance was more effective than manual balancing in improving outcomes in TKA.

Methods

A multicentre randomized trial compared the outcomes of sensor balancing (SB) with manual balancing (MB) in 250 patients (285 TKAs). The primary outcome measure was the mean difference in the four Knee injury and Osteoarthritis Outcome Score subscales (ΔKOOS4) in the two groups, comparing the preoperative and two-year scores. Secondary outcomes included intraoperative balance data, additional patient-reported outcome measures (PROMs), and functional measures.

Results

There was no significant difference in ΔKOOS4 between the two groups at two years (mean difference 0.4 points (95% confidence interval (CI) -4.6 to 5.4); p = 0.869), and multiple regression found that SB was not associated with a significant ΔKOOS4 (0.2-point increase (95% CI -5.1 to 4.6); p = 0.924). There were no significant differences between groups in other PROMs. Six-minute walking distance was significantly increased in the SB group (mean difference 29 metres; p = 0.015). Four-times as many TKAs were unbalanced in the MB group (36.8% MB vs 9.4% SB; p < 0.001). Irrespective of group assignment, no differences were found in any PROM when increasing ICPD thresholds defined balance.

Conclusion

Despite improved quantitative soft-tissue balance, the use of sensors intraoperatively did not differentially improve the clinical or functional outcomes two years after TKA. These results question whether a more precisely balanced TKA that is guided by sensor data, and often achieved by more balancing interventions, will ultimately have a significant effect on clinical outcomes. Cite this article: Bone Joint J 2022;104-B(5):604–612.
Access to hip arthroplasty and rates of complications in different socioeconomic groups
Authors: Atrey Amit , Pincus Daniel , Khoshbin Amir , Haddad Fares S. , Ward Sarah , Aktar Suriya , Ladha Karim , Ravi Bheeshma
Published: May 2022

Aims

Total hip arthroplasty (THA) is one of the most successful surgical procedures. The objectives of this study were to define whether there is a correlation between socioeconomic status (SES) and surgical complications after elective primary unilateral THA, and investigate whether access to elective THA differs within SES groups.

Methods

We conducted a retrospective, population-based cohort study involving 202 hospitals in Ontario, Canada, over a 17-year period. Patients were divided into income quintiles based on postal codes as a proxy for personal economic status. Multivariable logistic regression models were then used to primarily assess the relationship between SES and surgical complications within one year of index THA.

Results

Of 111,359 patients who underwent elective primary THA, those in the lower SES groups had statistically significantly more comorbidities and statistically significantly more postoperative complications. While there was no increase in readmission rates within 90 days, there was a statistically significant difference in the primary and secondary outcomes including all revisions due (with a subset of deep wound infection and dislocation). Results showed that those in the higher SES groups had proportionally more cases performed than those in lower groups. Compared to the highest SES quintile, the lower groups had 61% of the number of hip arthroplasties performed.

Conclusion

Patients in lower socioeconomic groups have more comorbidities, fewer absolute number of cases performed, have their procedures performed in lower-volume centres, and ultimately have higher rates of complications. This lack of access and higher rates of complications is a “double hit” to those in lower SES groups, and indicates that we should be concentrating efforts to improve access to surgeons and hospitals where arthroplasty is routinely performed in high numbers. Even in a universal healthcare system where there are no penalties for complications such as readmission, there seems to be an inequality in the access to THA. Cite this article: Bone Joint J 2022;104-B(5):589–597.
No difference in outcome or migration but greater loss of bone mineral density with the Collum Femoris Preserving stem compared with the Corail stem: a randomized controlled trial with five-year follow-up
Authors: Rilby Karin , Nauclér Emma , Mohaddes Maziar , Kärrholm Johan
Published: May 2022

Aims

The aim of this study was to compare the mid-term patient-reported outcome, bone remodelling, and migration of a short stem (Collum Femoris Preserving; CFP) with a conventional uncemented stem (Corail).

Methods

Of 81 patients who were initially enrolled, 71 were available at five years’ follow-up. The outcomes at two years have previously been reported. The primary outcome measure was the clinical result assessed using the Oxford Hip Score (OHS). Secondary outcomes were the migration of the stem, measured using radiostereometric analysis (RSA), change of bone mineral density (BMD) around the stem, the development of radiolucent lines, and additional patient-reported outcome measures (PROMs).

Results

There were no statistically significant differences between the groups regarding PROMs (median OHS (CFP 45 (interquartile range (IQR) 35 to 48); Corail 45 (IQR 40 to 48); p = 0.568). RSA showed stable stems in both groups, with little or no further subsidence between two and five years. Resorption of the femoral neck was evident in nine patients in the CFP group and in none of the 15 Corail stems with a collar that could be studied. Dual X-ray absorbiometry showed a significantly higher loss of BMD in the proximal Gruen zones in the CFP group (mean changes in BMD: Gruen zone 1, CFP -9.5 (95% confidence interval (CI) -14.8 to -4.2), Corail 1.0 (95% CI 3.4 to 5.4); Gruen zone 7, CFP -23.0 (95% CI -29.4 to -16.6), Corail -7.2 (95% CI -15.9 to 1.4). Two CFP stems were revised before two years’ follow-up due to loosening, and one Corail stem was revised after two years due to chronic infection.

Conclusion

The CFP stem has a similar clinical outcome and subsidence pattern when compared with the Corail stem. More pronounced proximal stress-shielding was seen with the CFP stem, suggesting diaphyseal fixation, and questioning its femoral neck-sparing properties in the long term. Cite this article: Bone Joint J 2022;104-B(5):581–588.
Five-year outcomes for patients sustaining severe fractures of the lower limb
Authors: Costa Matt L. , Achten Juul , Parsons Nick R. ,   on behalf of the WOLLF collaborators
Published: May 2022

Aims

The aim of this study was to report the outcomes of patients with severe open fractures of the lower limb in the five years after they took part in the Wound management for Open Lower Limb Fracture (WOLLF) trial.

Methods

The WOLLF trial compared standard dressings to negative pressure wound therapy (NPWT) applied at the end of the first surgical wound debridement, and patients were followed-up for 12 months. At 12 months, 170 of the original 460 participants agreed to take part in this medium-term follow-up study. Patients reported their Disability Rating Index (DRI) (0 to 100, where 100 is total disability) and health-related quality of life (HRQoL) using the EuroQol five-dimension three-level health questionnaire (EQ-5D-3L) annually by self-reported questionnaire. Further surgical interventions related to the open fracture were also recorded.

Results

There was no evidence of a difference in patient-reported disability, HRQoL, or the need for further surgery between patients treated with NPWT versus standard dressings at five years. Considering the combined results for all participants, there was a small but statistically significant change in DRI scores over time (1.6 units per year; p = 0.005), but no evidence that EQ-5D-3L scores changed significantly during years two to five (p = 0.551).

Conclusion

This study shows that the high levels of disability and reduced HRQoL reported by patients 12 months after severe open fractures of the lower limb persist in the medium term, with little evidence of improvement between years two and five. Cite this article: Bone Joint J 2022;104-B(5):633–639.
Additional operations after surgery for lumbar disc prolapse
Authors: Sigmundsson Freyr Gauti , Joelson Anders , Strömqvist Fredrik
Published: May 2022

Aims

Lumbar disc prolapse is a frequent indication for surgery. The few available long-term follow-up studies focus mainly on repeated surgery for recurrent disease. The aim of this study was to analyze all reasons for additional surgery for patients operated on for a primary lumbar disc prolapse.

Methods

We retrieved data from the Swedish spine register about 3,291 patients who underwent primary surgery for a lumbar disc prolapse between January 2007 and December 2008. These patients were followed until December 2020 to record all additional lumbar spine operations and the reason for them.

Results

In total, 681 of the 3,291 patients (21%) needed one or more additional operations. More than three additional operations was uncommon (2%; 15/906). Overall, 906 additional operations were identified during the time period, with a mean time to the first of these of 3.7 years (SD 3.6). The most common reason for an additional operation was recurrent disc prolapse (47%; 426/906), followed by spinal stenosis or degenerative spondylolisthesis (19%; 176/906), and segmental pain (16%; 145/906). The most common surgical procedures were revision discectomy (43%; 385/906) and instrumented fusion (22%; 200/906). Degenerative spinal conditions other than disc prolapse became a more common reason for additional surgery with increasing length of follow-up. Most patients achieved the minimally important change (MIC) for the patient-reported outcomes after the index surgery. After the third additional spinal operation, only 20% (5/25) achieved the MIC in terms of leg pain, and 29% (7/24) in terms of the EuroQol five-dimension index questionnaire visual analogue scale.

Conclusion

More than one in five patients operated on for a lumbar disc prolapse underwent further surgery during the 13-year follow-up period. Recurrent disc prolapse was the most common reason for additional surgery, followed by spinal stenosis and segmental pain. This study shows that additional operations after primary disc surgery are needed more frequently than previously reported, and that the outcome profoundly deteriorates after the second additional operation. The findings from this study can be used in the shared decision-making process. Cite this article: Bone Joint J 2022;104-B(5):627–632.
Liner malseating is rare with two modular dual-mobility designs
Authors: Siljander Matthew P. , Gausden Elizabeth B. , Wooster Benjamin M. , Karczewski Daniel , Sierra Rafael J. , Trousdale Robert T. , Abdel Matthew P.
Published: May 2022

Aims

The aim of this study was to evaluate the incidence of liner malseating in two commonly used dual-mobility (DM) designs. Secondary aims included determining the risk of dislocation, survival, and clinical outcomes.

Methods

We retrospectively identified 256 primary total hip arthroplasties (THAs) that included a DM component (144 Stryker MDM and 112 Zimmer-Biomet G7) in 233 patients, performed between January 2012 and December 2019. Postoperative radiographs were reviewed independently for malseating of the liner by five reviewers. The mean age of the patients at the time of THA was 66 years (18 to 93), 166 (65%) were female, and the mean BMI was 30 kg/m2 (17 to 57). The mean follow-up was 3.5 years (2.0 to 9.2).

Results

Three liners (1.2%) were malseated, including two MDMs (1.4%) and one G7 (0.9%). No clinical consequence was identified from malseating. The five-year survival free of dislocation was 97.1%, including two DM and one intraprosthetic dislocation. The five-year survival free of revision was 95.4%, with seven revisions. The mean Harris Hip Scores increased from 46 (24 to 69) preoperatively to 81 (40 to 100) at two years postoperatively (p < 0.001).

Conclusion

The incidence of DM liner malseating after primary THA was low, with no known clinical consequences at mid-term follow-up. Malseating is not exclusive of design, and these findings emphasize the importance of careful evaluation of the liner after impaction to avoid this complication. Cite this article: Bone Joint J 2022;104-B(5):598–603.
Biomechanical effect of anatomical tibial component design on load distribution of medial proximal tibial bone in total knee arthroplasty
Authors: Cho Byung W. , Kang Kyoung-Tak , Kwon Hyuck M. , Lee Woo-Suk , Yang Ick H. , Nam Ji H. , Koh Yong-Gon , Park Kwan K.
Published: May 2022

Aims

This study aimed to identify the effect of anatomical tibial component (ATC) design on load distribution in the periprosthetic tibial bone of Koreans using finite element analysis (FEA).

Methods

3D finite element models of 30 tibiae in Korean women were created. A symmetric tibial component (STC, NexGen LPS-Flex) and an ATC (Persona) were used in surgical simulation. We compared the FEA measurements (von Mises stress and principal strains) around the stem tip and in the medial half of the proximal tibial bone, as well as the distance from the distal stem tip to the shortest anteromedial cortical bone. Correlations between this distance and FEA measurements were then analyzed.

Results

The distance from the distal stem tip to the shortest cortical bone showed no statistically significant difference between implants. However, the peak von Mises stress around the distal stem tip was higher with STC than with ATC. In the medial half of the proximal tibial bone: 1) the mean von Mises stress, maximum principal strain, and minimum principal strain were higher with ATC; 2) ATC showed a positive correlation between the distance and mean von Mises stress; 3) ATC showed a negative correlation between the distance and mean minimum principal strain; and 4) STC showed no correlation between the distance and mean measurements.

Conclusion

Implant design affects the load distribution on the periprosthetic tibial bone, and ATC can be more advantageous in preventing stress-shielding than STC. However, under certain circumstances with short distances, the advantage of ATC may be offset. Cite this article: Bone Joint Res 2022;11(5):252–259.
Comparison of Sleep, Perceived Health, and Job Stress According to Symptoms of Shift Work Disorder in Shift Nurses
Authors: Choi Su Jung , Ha Yi Kyung , Joo Eun Yeon
Published: May 2022

Objectives: This study aimed to investigate the prevalence of symptoms of shift work disorder (SSWD) and its related factors in rapidly rotating three-shift nurses. Methods: We enrolled 344 nurses (mean age, 28.7 years) without prior history of sleep disturbance before starting shift work in a university-affiliated hospital. SSWD were defined using self-reported sleep questionnaires (insomnia severity index >14 and/or Epworth Sleepiness Scale ≥10) and without any sleep problem before shift work. Sleep pattern in each of the three shifts was measured using the Munich Chronotype Questionnaire for Shift-Workers. Mood (anxiety, depression) and job stress were also measured using self-reported questionnaires. Results: Our results showed that 62.2% of the participants presented SSWD. Compared to the non-SWD group, the SSWD group showed worse sleep hygiene, lower total sleep time (TST) during workdays, higher anxiety and depressive mood, and higher job stress. In the SSWD group, the evening chronotype individuals presented the shortest TST during day shifts, while the morning chronotype individuals presented the shortest TST during evening shifts. Conclusions: SSWD is highly prevalent in fast rotating three-shift nurses. This study suggests that intensive education on sleep hygiene and appropriate scheduling of shift work while considering individual chronotypes may improve sleep patterns and sleep quality of shift workers and minimize SSWD.
Necessary innovation
Authors: Kerstein Ryan
Published: May 2022

Our new Editor discusses the need for innovation in surgery, and looks forward to the future of the Bulletin.
A parallel universe
Authors: Mortensen Neil
Published: May 2022

Our President looks at how the NHS is facing mounting challenges from the pandemic while we adjust to the new normal.
Collaboration and team building: scrubbing in to save lives
Authors: Hachach-Haram N
Published: May 2022

How to bridge the knowledge gap by championing collaboration in the digital age.
Introducing green innovation into clinical practice
Authors: Boag K , Ho T , Culmer P , Pike T , Jayne DG , Peckham-Cooper A , Quyn AJ
Published: May 2022

How can surgeons help reduce medical waste in the workplace and work towards ‘net zero’?
DPIA, cloud hosting, encryption: what does it all mean and why should I care?
Authors: Coombs A , St John E , Loughran D
Published: May 2022

Our digital environment is more complex than ever, with more threats to our data. How can we protect ourselves?
Intellectual property
Authors: Slack M
Published: May 2022

In an increasingly saturated market, how can you protect your ideas and turn them into reality?
Prototyping: a rough guide
Authors: Darwood A
Published: May 2022

How can we depict a technological idea in a simple and effective way?
The new clinical impact awards scheme
Authors: Davies K
Published: May 2022

What changes have been made to the clinical awards to reflect the excellence, talent and contributions of our diverse surgical workforce?
There's no development like codevelopment
Authors: Eames M
Published: May 2022

Collaboration is the key to innovation.
More money in, fewer operations out
Authors: Slop Mr
Published: May 2022

Our columnist reflects on the current state of the NHS.
Sambando na cara da sociedade: um estudo sobre as atitudes linguísticas no contexto do samba chula de São Braz
Authors: CORDEIRO DOS SANTOS DAISY , Parcero Lucia Maria de Jesus
Published: May 2022

Este artigo tem por objetivo observar e descrever as atitudes linguísticas das sambadeiras e dos sambadores do grupo Samba Chula de São Braz. O grupo foi criado oficialmente em 1995 no quilombo de São Braz, locus da pesquisa, comunidade que fica a cerca de 7 quilômetros do centro de Santo Amaro, na Bahia. A metodologia empregada é descritiva e segue os pressupostos da Sociolinguística Interacional. De acordo com os resultados obtidos, os sambadores e sambadeiras demonstram atitude positiva em relação à própria fala e à da comunidade e têm percepção das variedades linguísticas.
Leitura e Literatura Entrevista com Vincent Jouve
Authors: Leite João de Deus , Testa Eliane Cristina
Published: May 2022

Doutor em Literatura Francesa (l’Université Paris III), professor da Université de Reims Champagne-Ardenne. É autor dos seguintes livros: Por que estudar a literatura? e Leitura; obras de grande circulação no Brasil. A entrevista foi realizada no dia 24 de abril de 2019, por meio de correspondência eletrônica.
Materiais de ensino para surdos: produções de atividades com escrita de sinais (signwriting)
Authors: Lima Israel Queiroz de , Souza Junior João Renato de , Sousa Alexandre Melo de , Silva Rosane Garcia
Published: May 2022

As línguas de sinais, por muito tempo, foram consideradas ágrafas por não ter um sistema de escrita que pudesse registrar o conhecimento, a história e a convenção escrita de uma língua visual-espacial. Tendo em vista essa necessidade, foi desenvolvido o SignWriting, um sistema universal que serve para escrever e para ler em qualquer língua de sinais do mundo (BARRETO; BARRETO, 2015, p. 83). O objetivo do presente artigo é mostrar resultados alcançados na disciplina Escrita de Sinais, oferecida no Curso de Licenciatura em Letras Libras, da Universidade Federal do Acre, especificamente no ano de 2018. As atividades elaboradas pelos acadêmicos tinham como objetivo: contribuir para o ensino prático das habilidades de leitura e de escrita, por meio do sistema de escrita de sinais: SignWriting.
A poesia do slam no ensino de francês língua estrangeira: uma abordagem intercultural
Authors: Paiva Rosa Érica Alessandra , Moreira Anselmo Beatriz
Published: May 2022

Este artigo discute como uma materialidade literária pode ser utilizada em aulas de francês língua estrangeira a partir da abordagem intercultural, a fim de possibilitar experiências de contato com a língua em uso. Para isso, é realizada a leitura do poema “Racines de Slam” (2018), do poeta senegalês Clair MC. A leitura do poema atenta-se às linguagens verbal e performática, características dos campeonatos de poesia falada, dialogando com um arcabouço teórico relacionado aos diferentes suportes textuais (CHARTIER, 2002), à poesia (JÚDICE, 1998), à performance poética (ZUMTHOR, 2007) e à abordagem intercultural no ensino de línguas (BOUBAKOUR, 2010 e PRETCEILLE, 2011). A proposta de leitura intercultural mostra que é possível promover aproximações harmônicas entre a cultura do aprendiz e a(s) cultura(s) do(s) povo(s) que utilizam a língua alvo a partir do trabalho com a literatura, de modo que o contato com o diferente seja uma experiência de troca e construção identitária.
A perspectiva do inglês como língua franca como agente de decolonialidade no Ensino de Língua Inglesa
Authors: Rocha Alves Polyanna Castro , Pimentel Siqueira Domingos Sávio
Published: May 2022

Mesmo em face da mundialidade do inglês, em que as interações em Língua Inglesa (LI) ocorrem, predominantemente, entre falantes em contextos multilíngues e multiculturais, o ensino e a aprendizagem do idioma têm seguido a lógica da colonialidade que consiste em produzir, organizar e distribuir conhecimento sob os termos e condições estabelecidos pelas forças hegemônicas. A partir desse cenário, o presente artigo pretende refletir sobre a perspectiva do Inglês como Língua Franca (ILF) como uma forma de transgredir as práticas colonialistas nas aulas de LI, uma vez que as antigas condições de relevância e adequação do ensino de Inglês como Língua Estrangeira (ILE) não mais se aplicam aos modelos pedagógicos que satisfaçam às tendências da pós-modernidade. Para tanto, para servir de base teórica, utilizamos autores como Sousa Santos (2007, 2008, 2016), Mignolo (2006a, 2006b), Castro-Goméz e Grosfoguel (2007), Walsh (2009), para expor os principais conceitos do novo paradigma epistemológico que põe em xeque a visão dominante da ciência moderna. Para estabelecer uma contraposição entre os princípios do ILF e do ILE, embasamo-nos em autores como Seidlhofer (2011), Jenkins, Cogo e Dewey (2011), Graddol (2006), além de autores que discutem as limitações dos testes de proficiência em LI como Jenkins e Leung (2016), Hall (2014), dentre outros. O texto desafia a pensar no ensino, aprendizagem e testes de proficiência em LI a partir de teorizações e rupturas epistemológicas que tendem a favorecer o enfrentamento das forças do colonialismo que continuam reverberando nas aulas de inglês.
Ensino de literatura oral na universidade em Timor-Leste: performance como efeito de identidade
Authors: Borges Daniel Batista Lima
Published: May 2022

O presente artigo consiste na descrição de uma performance de literatura oral no curso de Introdução à literatura oral de um professor timorense na Universidade Timor-Lorosa'e – UNTL. A prática de ensino observada mostra um objeto literário que funciona em performance, produzindo efeitos de sentido que dependem da presença de professores e alunos em sala de aula e do emprego modos narrativos advindos das diversas culturas timorenses, predominantemente orais. O efeito produzido em performance pode ser considerado como um efeito de identidade, no sentido em que a narrativa de totem produz um estilo que individualiza o contador. Entretanto, como será discutido, nesse tipo de performance não se trata de fazer uma reivindicação de uma identidade fixa a ser defendida na forma de um identitarismo. Trata-se de produzir um efeito artístico neutro que revela de novas singularidades na realidade pós-colonial de Timor-Leste e modifica relações de opressão no campo social.
Contando a pré-história para crianças no museu D. José, Sobral, Ceará
Authors: Viana Rebeca Sales , Viana Maria Somália Sales , Oliveira Paulo Victor de
Published: May 2022

Este artigo relata a experiência de contação de história integrada ao Programa de Divulgação Científica do Museu Diocesano D. José (MDJ), desenvolvido por professores e estudantes de graduação da Universidade Estadual Vale do Acaraú (UVA) em Sobral, Ceará.  A atividade de contação de história no MDJ, parte das inciativas de educação patrimonial, visa estabelecer diálogo com crianças, valorizando o legado ancestral da oralidade na descoberta de bens culturais, muitas vezes ignorados e invisíveis.  Objetivamos neste artigo descrever e refletir sobre o processo de contação de história envolvendo o tema da educação patrimonial em um Museu no Ceará. Utilizamos conceitos fundamentais da Educação Patrimonial, da Paleontologia e da Pedagogia. Trata-se de uma ação de extensão que envolveu alunos de graduação em biologia e teve como público-alvo escolares da rede pública e particular de ensino fundamental. Os principais resultados obtidos com as ações foram: maior interesse das crianças pelo acervo; potencialização da criatividade e de habilidades de comunicação dos acadêmicos; difusão cultural do patrimônio paleontológico da região e incentivo à preservação dos fósseis.
A contação de histórias como prática educativa
Authors: Ferreira Laís Costa , Oliveira Rosemary Lapa de
Published: May 2022

O presente trabalho busca discutir a contação de histórias no contexto de sala de aula como prática educativa das séries iniciais do ensino fundamental da rede municipal de Salvador. O estudo vem problematizar como acontece a contação de histórias no contexto de sala de aula como prática educativa. Este trabalho tem como pressuposto metodológico a etnografia, junto aos princípios da investigação qualitativa, na qual a proposta de estudo é pensar as facetas existenciais da arte de contar histórias na prática educativa. A pesquisa foi realizada com grupo de professoras das séries iniciais do ensino fundamental da rede municipal de Salvador, Bahia, Brasil, que utilizam a contação de histórias como prática educativa no contexto escolar, no ambiente de sala de aula. Considerando também a função social da arte de contar histórias que se manifesta de forma plena, à medida que a experiência da contação adentra o horizonte de expectativas de sua vida prática, compondo o seu entendimento do mundo e influenciando seu comportamento social. Em virtude dos fatos mencionados, acreditamos que esse estudo pode ser um recurso que corrobore com a ampliação desse debate, podendo ser usado como subsídio para se pensar mudanças nas políticas públicas em educação.
Leitura literária e contação de histórias em meio às impressões da leitura de crianças de 4 e 5 anos
Authors: Botelho Melina Carvalho , Goulart Ilsa do Carmo Vieira
Published: May 2022

O presente estudo tem como objetivo apresentar e identificar as impressões que as atividades de leitura literária e de contação de histórias provocam na criança, com a finalidade de analisar a compreensão e as relações construídas entre a leitura literária, a arte narrativa e a afetividade. Trata-se de pesquisa de abordagem qualitativa, realizada por meio de uma pesquisa-ação, a partir da aplicação de atividades de leitura literária e de contação de histórias, com crianças de 4 e 5 anos, de uma turma da educação infantil de uma escola de rede privada de ensino, de uma cidade do Campo das Vertentes, MG. As atividades constituíram-se em 3 propostas distintas:  primeiro, quando a professora conta uma história para seu aluno, segundo quando se lê a história de um livro e terceiro quando leem juntos um livro de imagens. Após cada atividade de leitura, realizou-se conversas com as crianças, a respeito das suas impressões sobre a atividade de leitura literária e de contação de histórias. Para análise das falas das crianças, embasamo-nos nos estudos de Sisto (2001, 2007), Machado (2004) sobre a contação de histórias, nos estudos de Cosson (2016) sobre leitura literária estudos de Wallon (1999) com a concepção de afetividade. As observações iniciais, indicam que a leitura acontece a partir de emoções, mostrando que as crianças que têm contato com as narrativas potencializam a imaginação, a criatividade e a capacidade de discernimento e de criticidade.
Contação de história no ensino médio: leitura, oralidade e literatura na formação do sujeito leitor
Authors: Rocha Adlene Karla Nunes , Silva Luiza Helena Oliveira da
Published: May 2022

A contação de histórias e a leitura geralmente são apresentadas como dois aspectos aparentemente distantes da prática humana, sendo a contação uma atividade milenar, pouco praticada nos tempos modernos e a leitura muito elitizada e distante de uma política de formação leitora. Observando tal contexto, surgiu o nosso questionamento: em que medida a atividade de contação de história presente nas práticas pedagógicas das aulas de língua portuguesa do ensino médio pode contribuir para a formação leitora dos estudantes? Para nortear o presente artigo, tivemos como objetivo geral discutir a contação de história como atividade restauradora da oralidade como também estimuladora de leitura para formação do sujeito leitor nas aulas de linguagem e literatura. A metodologia utilizada revisão bibliográfica e análise de depoimentos colhidos entre estudantes do ensino médio de uma escola pública que viveu a experiência de um projeto de leitura nos anos 2017 e 2018. Como aporte teórico, foram trazidos para o debate alguns estudiosos da linguagem e da arte de contar histórias como (2014), Maria de Lourdes Patrine (2005), Paulo Freire (1989), Amadou Hampaté (2010), dentre outros. Constatou-se que contar história dos romances lidos é a moeda de duas faces desse projeto: o caminho para estimular, desafiar os estudantes à leitura dos romances; e a prática de uma das atividades mais antigas da humanidade – a contação de histórias.
Contação de histórias e a identidade feminina
Authors: Dias Mônica de Santana , Santos Terezinha Oliveira
Published: May 2022

Este trabalho tem como objetivo compreender a relação entre a identidade feminina apresentada nos contos feministas e as ideias difundidas pelo feminismo da primeira onda. Tendo em vista que, os contos são inspirados pela realidade cultural e social dos povos, colaborando para/ na formação de identidades culturais e a contação de história, como uma arte de difusão de valores, favorece a transmissão de conhecimentos sobre a realidade da mulher em diferentes civilizações colaborando para a conscientização e o sentimento de pertencimento dos ouvintes. Por isso, neste estudo procura-se, de uma forma breve, entender como a contação de história através dos contos pode colaborar para uma nova perspectiva com relação à posição feminina na sociedade, por meio dos estudos da identidade cultural de Hall (2005), dos saberes sobre contação de história com Sisto (2005) e Pinto (2010) que trata do feminismo entre outros autores que abordam o tema proposto.
Quando contar histórias ultrapassa os muros da universidade: mostra performática sobre contos de esperança
Authors: Carmo Maria Cláudia Silva do , Santos Karine Cerqueira dos
Published: May 2022

Neste texto apresentamos a experiência formativa acerca da contação de histórias para além dos muros da Universidade Estadual de Feira de Santana- UEFS, Bahia, via componente curricular "Formação de Contadores de Histórias: conta comigo!" (EDU 925), componente curricular ofertado pelo Departamento de Educação da UEFS em parceria com os Colegiados de Música e Letras, ministrado pela professora Maria Cláudia Silva do Carmo, no semestre 2017.2 para estudantes dos cursos de licenciatura em Pedagogia, Letras, Música e o curso de Psicologia da UEFS. O referido componente curricular objetiva possibilitar estudos sobre os fundamentos da Arte de Contar Histórias em diálogo com os sentidos culturais, educacionais e terapêuticos dos contos de tradição oral e da contação no processo formativo dos estudantes articulando aos conhecimentos básicos acerca da voz falada e cantada. Trata-se, portanto de uma experiência no campo do ensino, pesquisa e extensão no tocante a formação do contador de histórias mediado pelos sentidos, memórias de afetos e pela imaginação produzidos pelos diferentes protagonistas, transbordando os muros da universidade. O texto tem como base teórica os estudos de Matos (2005, 2018), Busatto (2003), Souza (2018), Benjamim (1994), os quais compreendem a arte de narrar como milenar que se dá no sujeito que conta e de quem ouve. É imprescindível que essa arte ultrapasse os muros da Universidade, rompam as barreiras historicamente impostas entre formação acadêmica e práticas profissionais, e assim, provoquem os estudantes em formação, a sair da universidade, assumindo-se como protagonistas desse processo. Por meio dos fundamentos da narração oral, os estudantes assumem o papel de protagonistas, ao discutirem e reflexionarem sobre a importância da memória de afetos no tocante a salvaguarda da tradição oral, assim como as narrativas orais que dizem respeito as suas itinerâncias de história de vida.
Samba Chula e o Estudo do Gênero canção: um resgate da memória cultural de São Braz
Authors: Queiroz André Gonzalez de Jesus , Vasconcelos Francisco Fábio Pinheiro de
Published: May 2022

Este artigo traz uma proposta de intervenção pedagógica voltada à ampliação das habilidades de leitura nas aulas de Língua Portuguesa, por meio de uma Sequência Didática, seguindo a orientação teórico-metodológica proposta por Dolz, Noverraz e Schneuwly (2004) e Costa-Hübes (2009). Como se trata de uma escola localizada em São Braz, um distrito de Santo Amaro (BA), elegi o gênero canção no estilo de samba chula, uma peculiaridade local, para despertar nos alunos a criticidade considerando três aspectos basilares: o contexto de produção, seus elementos e representações; a reflexão epilinguística e a análise dos elementos de constituição do gênero, sustentada esta estratégia a partir da leitura de Rodrigues e Pereira (2018). Tal recorte possibilita o desenvolvimento de habilidades e estratégias para uma leitura crítica, além de favorecer o resgate da memória cultural local, contribuindo assim não só para a melhoria da qualidade do ensino-aprendizagem de língua portuguesa na escola básica, como também na compreensão do sentimento de pertencimento do alunado. Também fundamentam esta proposta os estudos de Antunes (2003), Marcuschi (2008), Koch e Elias (2006; 2017), Rojo (2005), Fernandes (2005), Orlando (1999) e orientações dos PCN (1998) e da BNCC (2017) com as publicações de Katharina Doring trazendo as informações sobre o contexto do samba de roda no recôncavo
Sono de Morte: os tabus por trás da proscrição dos contos de fadas
Authors: Garrido Michelle , Gonçalves Luciana Sacramento Moreno
Published: May 2022

O presente artigo resulta da busca pela compreensão acerca do esquecimento de tantos contos de fadas, em contraste com a abundância de versões e atualizações de outros, a partir da leitura da compilação dos irmãos Grimm, da editora Cosac Naify do ano de 2012. O objetivo deste trabalho foi encontrar os motivos pelos quais muitos contos foram proscritos do universo infantil. Chamou-se de contos proscritos e foram escolhidos para o trabalho aqueles que não ganharam novas roupagens e/ou não se fizeram conhecidos ao passar dos séculos, sendo, portanto, recolhidos e esquecidos. Fundamentado nas teorias de Bettelheim, Freud, Propp, entre outros, encontrou-se o mal-estar social que permeia esses contos, sendo estes, então, categorizados como: Contos Proscritos: perigos sociais. Este artigo acaba por revelar as mazelas sociais também escondidas e almeja dar voz a todo aquele que fora silenciado juntamente com os contos de fadas.
Império, mito e distopia: apontamentos acerca de literatura e identidade nacional em terras lusitanas
Authors: Sousa Vasconcelos Thamires , Riambau Pinheiro Vanessa
Published: May 2022

O propósito deste estudo é estabelecer relações entre a literatura e a identidade nacional portuguesa, compreendendo aquela como reflexo de episódios situacionais históricos específicos, tais como as cruzadas, as navegações e o sebastianismo. Sabemos que o conceito de identidade é um constructo social pautado em identificações em curso, sendo produto de transitoriedades. Ao atuar sobre as configurações hermenêuticas, traduzem nas identidades novas significações a partir da passagem do tempo. Dessa forma, buscamos estabelecer relações diacrônicas entre a literatura e a identidade lusitana, pontuando autores e obras que retratem momentos diferentes da historiografia portuguesa. Utilizaremos como aporte teórico Hall (2014), Santos (1994), Bernd (2011) e Lourenço (1982), entre outros.