bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Across the Surface of the Sea: Maritime Interaction in the Cycladic Early Bronze Age
Authors: Jarriel Katherine
Published: July 2018

The creation of maritime network models has been a major focus of archaeological investigations of the Early Bronze Age in the Cyclades (Greece). While archaeologists acknowledge the importance of environmental variables for ancient seafaring, they have tended to treat the sea surface as an undifferentiated space onto which network models are imposed. The present study of Early Cycladic maritime connectivity incorporates the Aegean Sea as a varied and varying surface affected by seasonal and temporal changes. Using Geographic Information Systems (GIS) software, I create a cost-surface model of the ancient seascape that incorporates environmental, archaeological, and technological variables. The application of a cost-surface model enables the consideration of Early Cycladic settlements not merely as points in space but as embedded within a contiguous surface of land and sea. This study highlights the complex and variable conditions facing Bronze Age seafarers. The results of the study challenge the conceptualization of the Cyclades as a unified island group; while the central Cyclades exhibit high connectivity at the local scale, islands on the edges of the cluster may have relied on less-frequent travel at the regional scale, which nevertheless persisted throughout the Early Cycladic period. Variations in wind patterns due to seasonality and directionality indicate that most journeys would require an overnight stay at the destination, suggesting the importance of maintaining intercommunity ties.
Violence against children and adolescents: profile and tendencies resulting from Law 13.010
Authors: Souto Daniella Fagundes , Zanin Luciane , Ambrosano Glaucia Maria Bovi , Flório Flávia Martão
Published: July 2018

ABSTRACT Objective: Describing the profile of reported violence against children and adolescents and draw an essay on the initial effects of Law 13.010 on report patterns. Method: Analytic study of reported cases on SINAN - Information System on Reportable Harms (from 2013 to 2015) of violence to individuals under 19, in 53 cities of Minas Gerais. Results: 1,481 cases were reported, 49.2% before and 50.8% after Law 13.010 came to force (p = 0.5501). There was a 7% decrease on female reports and a 27.2% in male reports (p = 0.0055). It was noticed a change in report patterns (p = 0.0023), with a 130.7% increase to neglect/abandonment reports and a 33% decrease to sexual abuse report. Higher rates of violence from the parents happens at the 1 to 9-year-old age group (p < 0.0001). Conclusion: Main victims were women, individuals from 15 to 19 years, with aggression happening within the household; after Law 13.010, changes to patterns of victim and offender profiles and of kind of violence were noticed.
O viés da cobertura política da imprensa nas eleições presidenciais brasileiras de 2002, 2006 e 2010
Authors: MUNDIM PEDRO SANTOS
Published: July 2018

Resumo O artigo analisa o viés da cobertura política da imprensa nas eleições presidenciais de 2002, 2006 e 2010, a partir da análise de conteúdo dos jornais Folha de S. Paulo, O Estado de S. Paulo e O Globo. Como primeira hipótese, avalia se o espaço concedido aos candidatos nos jornais estaria em desacordo com sua importância política ou sua posição na disputa eleitoral. Mas como esses critérios não garantem, necessariamente, um equilíbrio na cobertura, a segunda hipótese avalia se existe diferença significativa na cobertura realizada pelos jornais, a partir de um índice de viés de cobertura anti-PT. Os testes estatísticos utilizados foram causalidade de Granger, ANOVA e HSD de Tukey. Embora exista viés na cobertura da imprensa, principalmente no conteúdo opinativo, as análises rejeitaram a existência de um padrão claro e sistemático de preferência por um determinado partido ou candidato nas páginas dos jornais.
A execução das emendas orçamentárias individuais: papel de ministros, cargos de liderança e normas fiscais
Authors: Baião Alexandre Lima , Couto Cláudio Gonçalves , Jucá Ivan Chaves
Published: July 2018

Resumo: O objetivo deste artigo é esclarecer quais fatores favorecem a liberação das emendas orçamentárias individuais dos deputados federais e quais são os mecanismos pelos quais o Poder Executivo obtém apoio para sua agenda legislativa na Câmara dos Deputados. Confirmamos a tese de que a liberação de emendas é uma importante moeda de troca, já que deputados mais leais ao governo obtêm maior taxa de execução das emendas. Mostramos também que a distribuição de pastas ministeriais é importante para deputados e deputadas, porque ter um membro do mesmo partido em dado ministério facilita a liberação das emendas. Apresentamos o papel das normas fiscais na execução dos recursos e, finalmente, analisando a autorização, empenho e pagamento dessas emendas, constatamos um significativo viés que favorece a elite parlamentar, o que confirma a grande centralização de poder no parlamento brasileiro.
A Política de Controle do Tabaco no Brasil: um balanço de 30 anos
Authors: Portes Leonardo Henriques , Machado Cristiani Vieira , Turci Silvana Rubano Barretto , Figueiredo Valeska Carvalho , Cavalcante Tânia Maria , Silva Vera Luiza da Costa e
Published: July 2018

Resumo O artigo apresenta um balanço da política brasileira de controle do tabaco de 1986 a 2016, baseando-se em contribuições dos referenciais da economia política e da análise de políticas públicas. A institucionalização do controle do tabaco no país foi marcada por mudanças mais gerais da política de saúde e por eventos específicos relacionados ao tema. A liderança brasileira no cenário internacional, a sólida estruturação da Política Nacional de Controle do Tabaco e o papel da sociedade civil e dos meios de comunicação contribuíram para o sucesso do controle do tabaco no Brasil. No entanto, persistem desafios relacionados à diversificação de produção em áreas plantadas de fumo, ao comércio ilícito, à interferência da indústria do fumo e à sustentabilidade da Política. O estudo reforça a relevância de serem consideradas, na análise de políticas de saúde complexas, as relações entre contexto internacional e nacional e a articulação entre diferentes setores e atores governamentais e não governamentais. A continuidade e a consolidação da política de controle do tabaco dependem da persistência de um marco institucional amplo que norteie a atuação do Estado na proteção social, consoante com as diretrizes do Sistema Único de Saúde.
LOW-LOAD RESISTANCE EXERCISE IMPROVES COGNITIVE FUNCTION IN OLDER ADULTS
Authors: Sardeli Amanda Veiga , Ferreira Marina Lívia Venturini , Santos Lucas do Carmo , Rodrigues Marília de Souza , Damasceno Alfredo , Cavaglieri Cláudia Regina , Chacon-Mikahil Mara Patrícia Traina
Published: July 2018

ABSTRACT Introduction: Resistance exercise (RE) training is widely recommended for increasing muscle strength and mass in older adults. RE is also a potential stimulus to improve cognitive functions (CF), but the best protocol for this purpose is unknown. Objective: To compare the effects of different RE protocols on CF in the same group of individuals. Methods: Twenty-four older adults were randomized (cross over) to control (CON) and lower limb RE protocols with high load (HL - 80% of 1RM), low load (LL - 30% of 1RM) and LL with blood flow restriction (LL-BFR - 30% of 1RM and 50% BFR). For CF assessment, participants underwent the Stroop test before and after each RE protocol. Results: Reduction in response time for Stroop neutral stimuli was greater after LL (effect size (ES) = -0.92) compared to CON (ES = -0.18) and HL (ES = -0.03), but was not different from LL-BFR (ES = -0.24). The reduced response time was associated with reduced parasympathetic modulation and increased cardiac output across protocols. Conclusion: LL was the most effective RE protocol to improve CF of older adults and a potential beneficial effect of LL-BFR on CF (non-significant) was identified. Therefore, LL resistance exercise appears to stimulate acute cognitive improvements in healthy older adults, probably through exercise-induced optimal autonomic modulation changes. Level of Evidence I; Therapeutic studies-Investigating the results of treatment.
DISTANCE TO FITNESS ZONE, USE OF FACILITIES AND PHYSICAL ACTIVITY IN ADULTS
Authors: Silva Alice Tatiane da , Fermino Rogério César , Lopes Adalberto Aparecido dos Santos , Alberico Claudia Oliveira , Reis Rodrigo Siqueira
Published: July 2018

ABSTRACT Introduction: The characteristics of the built environment are important predictors of physically active behavior. In this regard, the presence, availability, access to and quality of public open spaces for physical activity close to home are positively associated with their use and higher levels of physical activity in the population. Objective: To analyze the association between distance from home to outdoor fitness zones with the use of these facilities and physical activity in adults from Curitiba, Brazil. Methods: Cross-sectional study conducted with 328 users of 20 outdoor fitness zones. Distance was calculated with the Geographic Information System (GIS) using the street network in ArcGIS 10.1 and classified in tertiles (≤854 meters; 855-1741 meters; ≥1742 meters). To assess the use of the facilities, three attributes were considered: weekly frequency (times/week), length of stay (minutes/day) and length of use (months). The leisure module of the International Physical Activity Questionnaire (IPAQ) assessed physical activity, and travel to the destination was classified as "passive" or "active". The association was tested using Poisson regression in STATA 12.0. Results: An inverse association was found between the upper tertile of distance from home to the outdoor fitness zones and active commuting (PR: 0.70; 95% CI: 0.51-0.97), and ≥31 min/day length of stay (PR: 0.49; 95% CI: 0.31-0.76). Conclusion: Reducing distances and increasing the number of facilities may increase physical activity through active commuting and length of stay at outdoor fitness zones.
EFFECT OF GAME FORMAT ON THE INTENSITY OF SOCCER TRAINING
Authors: Belozo Felipe Lovaglio , Ferreira Eliel Calazans , Grandim Guilherme Vinicius Moreira , Lizana Cristian Javier Ramirez , Machado João Claudio Pereira , Silva Vagner Ramon Rodrigues , Scaglia Alcides José
Published: July 2018

ABSTRACT Introduction: During training in games, it is essential to know how to correctly manipulate the formats of the games (size of field and number of players). Objective: The aim of this study was to evaluate the influence of three different game formats on the kinematic variables of training in soccer players. Methods: For this purpose, eleven U-20 soccer players participated in three games formats, Gr+3vs3+Gr, Gr+6vs6+Gr and Gr+10vs10+Gr in two conditions (experimental and conceptual). Through videogametry, it was possible to determine the range of speeds covered by the players during the games and to correlate with the ventilatory threshold (VT) evaluation individually to establish four different intensity zones (low intensity, moderate intensity, moderate/high intensity or high intensity). Results: It was verified that in the experimental games, when increasing the size of the field there were significant increases in the intensity of the game. In the conceptual games, there were only significant increases of the field Gr+10vs10+Gr for the games Gr+6vs6+Gr and Gr+3vs3+Gr. Conclusion: It is concluded that the format of the games has a significant effect on the movement of players. Level of Evidence III; Case-control study.
EFFECTS OF BETA-HYDROXY-BETA-METHYL BUTYRATE IN MUSCLE REGENERATION OF RATS
Authors: Antunes Larissa , Yamada André Katayama , Pertille Adriana
Published: July 2018

ABSTRACT Introduction: Studies have shown that beta-hydroxy-beta-methyl butyrate (HMB) supplementation increases muscle strength and mass. Objective: To evaluate the effect of HMB supplementation on the muscle regeneration process in young and sedentary rats. Methods: Twenty-four male Wistar rats two months old were divided into two groups: lesion (LE) and supplemented (S), and evaluated in two moments - seven days (LE7; S7, n=6) and 21 days (LE21; S21, n=6). The right tibialis anterior muscle was subjected to cryolesion in all animals. After the injury, the LE group remained in the vivarium without any intervention. Group S received HMB calcium supplementation diluted in water by gavage (320 mg/kg/weight per day). The injury tibialis anterior (ITA), the tibialis anterior (TA), and the left soleus (SOL) muscles were removed, weighted and divided transversally into two parts, one for the analysis of the cross-sectional area (CSA) and the area of inflammation/regeneration and the other part to measure the muscular glycogen concentration. Data were evaluated using the SAS program considering mean and standard deviation. For analysis of variance the ANOVA test was used followed by the Tukey-HSD test (p≤0.05). Results: The ITA muscle weight was higher in S21 compared to S7 (p<0.05). The groups LE21 and S21 presented greater CSA of muscle fibers area and smaller ITA regeneration/inflammation area (p<0.05) when compared with the LE7 and S7 groups. There was an increase in muscle glycogen levels in S7 group compared to LE7 and S21 groups for TA and SOL (p<0.01), as well as in S21 group compared to LE21 for SOL (p<0.05). Conclusion: HMB did not influence the muscle regeneration process and did not favor anabolic activity in the different muscular fibers of young sedentary rats. Level of Evidence II; Therapeutic studies - Investigation of treatment results.
BURNOUT IN ELITE TENNIS PLAYERS OF DIFFERENT JUNIOR CATEGORIES
Authors: Casagrande Pedro de Orleans , Coimbra Danilo Reis , Andrade Alexandro
Published: July 2018

ABSTRACT Introduction: Burnout syndrome manifests in athletes in the form of three main symptoms/characteristics: emotional and physical exhaustion, sport devaluation, and reduced sense of accomplishment. Faced with the need to achieve optimum performance, young tennis players are exposed to several stressors than can lead to burnout, yet few reports on burnout in tennis have been researched. Objective: The aim of this study was to analyze burnout in elite tennis players in different junior categories (CAT14, CAT16, CAT18). Methods: A total of 130 athletes, including 102 men (x=15.14±1.3) and 28 women (x=15.04±1.13), were selected for this cross-sectional study. Burnout was measured using a version of the Athlete Burnout Questionnaire (ABQ). Results: CAT18 tennis players had higher rates of overall burnout and sport devaluation compared with CAT16 and CAT14 players. CAT14 and CAT16 players had higher scores for “reduced sense of accomplishment,” in association with sport devaluation. Conclusion: Differences found in CAT18 players may reflect the demands of transition from the junior to the professional circuit. Reduced sense of accomplishment should be monitored in athletes, to prevent burnout and cessation of sports activities. Level of Evidence III; retrospective comparative.
POSTURAL CONTROL ANALYSIS DURING A STANDARDIZED KICK TASK IN SOCCER ATHLETES
Authors: Alves Bruno Mazziotti Oliveira , Silva Jr. Rubens Alexandre da , Rosa Luciano Moreira , Mesquita Thiago Rosa de , Oliveira Paulo Rui de , Burigo Ricardo Lima , Amorim Cesar Ferreira
Published: July 2018

ABSTRACT Introduction: Postural control is a determining factor for functional performance and motor skills during sports activities. Objective: The objective of this study was to investigate postural control during the controlled soccer ball kicking task through a biomechanical analysis system. Methods: The sample consisted of 11 professional male athletes recruited using convenience sampling, with a mean age of 22 years. The athletes performed twenty-five precision kicks at a target, with the ball in vertical motion released by means of a hand-held device synchronized with the computed biomechanical measurements. Marking of the lower limb segments involved in the kick and the ball were analyzed by accelerometry, while postural control measures were quantified by a force platform in three axes of movement. The support leg was investigated in single leg stance during all tests on the force platform. The main variables of postural control calculated by stabilographic analysis and computed during the 25 kicks were: center of pressure (COP) displacement area, velocity and frequency of COP oscillation in the anteroposterior and mediolateral directions. The mean was used for final analysis to determine the differences in the three phases: pre-kick, kick, and post-kick. Results: The results revealed significant differences (p <0.01) between the three phases, with the kick phase presenting higher values of postural COP oscillations than the other phases. The COP area and oscillation velocity were the variables with greatest sensitivity to changes in the kick phase, obtaining an effect size of d = 14 and d = 12, respectively. In clinical terms, the increase in COP values reached 557% between the pre-kick and kick phases; this difference was reduced to 241% when compared to post-kick (i.e., difference between kick and post-kick was 316%). Conclusion . These results have important implications for the perception of postural control responses during soccer ball kicks and consequently, for injury prevention when motor and sensory deficits are diagnosed in soccer players. Level of Evidence III; Study of nonconsecutive patients; without consistently applied reference ‘‘gold’’ standard.
EXPLOSIVE MUSCLE POWER ASSESSMENT IN ELITE ATHLETES USING WINGATE ANAEROBIC TEST
Authors: Jakovljević Dea Karaba , Eric Mirela , Jovanovic Gordana , Dimitric Goran , Cupic Maja Buljcik , Ponorac Nenad
Published: July 2018

ABSTRACT Introduction: Maximal effort physiological tests provide information about the current functional capacity of athletes. Objective: The aim of this study was to evaluate anaerobic performance parameters in elite athletes and to compare them in terms of the specific demands of each sport. We also created and applied the new software which enables us to quantify a new parameter -explosive muscle power (EP), a major component in sports requiring explosive bursts of movement lasting from a few seconds to 1 or 2 minutes. This new parameter reflects the velocity of energy transformation from intramuscular ATP and high-energy phosphates into mechanical power. Methods: All Wingate test parameters (standard parameters) - anaerobic power (AP), anaerobic capacity (AC), and explosive power (EP) as the new parameter were recorded in 104 subjects: 30 non-athletes and 74 athletes divided into different groups depending on their sport specialty (20 rowers, 28 wrestlers and 26 soccer players). Results: Anaerobic power (AP), anaerobic capacity (AC) and explosive power (EP) were significantly higher in the group of athletes compared to non-athletes. Among athletes, significant differences were observed in some parameters according to the type of activities they are involved in. The highest values were recorded in the group of wrestlers (AP=836W; AC=16.6kJ; EP=139W/s). The values of AP (absolute values) and EP (absolute and relative values) were significantly higher in wrestlers than in soccer players and rowers, but there was no significant difference in AC among these groups. The EP variable had a distribution similar to AP. Conclusions: Alongside anaerobic power and anaerobic capacity, the assessment of explosive power may complement the anaerobic profile of athletes. Experts in the field of sports medicine and exercise physiology could find these results useful in improving test variables, which are more important for specific sports, and for evaluating and monitoring training progress. Level of Evidence I; Diagnostic studies - Investigating a diagnostic test.
EFFECTS OF HIGH-INTENSITY INSPIRATORY MUSCLE TRAINING IN RUGBY PLAYERS
Authors: Nunes Júnior Adauto de Oliveira , Donzeli Marina Andrade , Shimano Suraya Gomes Novais , Oliveira Nuno Miguel Lopes de , Ruas Gualberto , Bertoncello Dernival
Published: July 2018

ABSTRACT Introduction: Rugby is a sport characterized by high and low intensity motor action. Therefore, the respiratory muscles need adequate work to maintain sustained effective breathing. Objective: To analyze the effects of high-intensity inspiratory muscle training (IMT) in amateur rugby players from the city of Uberaba, Minas Gerais, Brazil. Methods: This is a clinical study in which 20 amateur players underwent a pulmonary function test, respiratory muscle strength and physical capacity assessment. The participants were divided into two groups: 10 volunteers in the IMT group (G1) and 10 in the control group (G2). All the assessments were carried out before and after 12 weeks of IMT. Results: No significant changes were observed in the pulmonary function test. However, maximal voluntary ventilation, maximal inspiratory pressure, maximal expiratory pressure and distance increased significantly after IMT. Conclusion: IMT had beneficial effects on amateur rugby players. Level of evidence I; Therapeutic studies - Investigation of treatment results.
EXTRAVERSION/INTROVERSION AND AGE-RELATED DIFFERENCES IN SPEED-ACCURACY TRADEOFF
Authors: Meira Jr. Cassio de Miranda , Moraes Renato , Moura Mariana , Ávila Luciana Toaldo Gentilini , Tosini Laura , Magalhães Fernando Henrique
Published: July 2018

ABSTRACT Introduction: Extraversion/introversion and age differences might influence speed-accuracy tradeoff. Objective: The speed-accuracy tradeoff was investigated in extroverted and introverted female children, young adults and older adults. Method: Participants carried out an alternative version of Fitts’ task, which involved making alternate clicks with the mouse held in the dominant hand, moving as fast as possible, on two rectangular targets on a computer screen in order to make twelve attempts at six random levels of difficulty (twelve combinations of target widths and distances between targets). Each of the three groups was composed of 16 introverted and 16 extroverted subjects, based upon Brazilian versions of Eysenck’s questionnaire. Results: Elderly introverts fell short of the target more often and committed more overall errors than the elderly extroverts. Additionally, compared to their younger adult counterparts, the elderly subjects fell short of the target more often and committed more overall errors, besides taking longer to complete the task with higher levels of difficulty. Conclusion: The findings were interpreted in light of theories designed to explain the main processes underlying extroversion/introversion and age-related differences. Level of Evidence II; Lesser quality prospective study.
CARDIOVASCULAR EFFECTS OF 16 WEEKS OF MARTIAL ARTS TRAINING IN ADOLESCENTS
Authors: Saraiva Bruna Thamyres Ciccotti , Ritti-Dias Raphael Mendes , Farah Breno Quintela , Suetake Vinícius Yukio Botelho , Diniz Tiego Aparecido , Costa Júnior Paulo , Milanez Vinícius Flávio , Christofaro Diego Giulliano Destro
Published: July 2018

ABSTRACT Introduction: Sedentary habits increase the chances of developing cardiovascular disease. Physical activity is one of the means of prevention and treatment of these diseases, thus martial arts represent a dynamic option in promoting physical activity. Objective: The objective of the study is analyze the effects of 16 weeks of Martial Arts (Muay Thai or judo) training on cardiovascular variables in adolescents. Methods: The sample consisted of 40 adolescents, aged 11 to 14 years, divided into two groups: Martial Arts (n=28) and control (n=12). Weight and height measurements were taken to calculate body mass index. Systolic and diastolic blood pressure (BP), heart rate (HR) at rest, pulse pressure (PP) and rate-pressure product (RPP), were also measured. The intervention was carried out through Martial Arts (Muay Thai and judo) training held twice a week for 90 minutes, over 16 weeks. The control group did not undergo any training. The statistical analysis was performed using the following tests: Shapiro-Wilks, Levene’s, analysis of covariance (ANCOVA), eta-squared effect size and the net-effect, using SPSS 15.0 software and a significance level of 5%. Results: There was no statistical difference between the control and Martial Arts groups for the sample characterization. There was a significant difference in systolic BP in the Martial Arts group when compared with the control group (p-value=0.049). The effect size can be considered moderate (effect size=0.163), with a good net-effect (3.4 mmHg). Conclusion: This study showed that 16 weeks of Martial Arts decreased systolic BP in normotensive adolescents. Level of Evidence II; Therapeutic studies - Investigating the results of treatment.
Host-Parasite relationships and co-infection of nasal mites of Chrysomus ruficapillus (Passeriformes: Icteridae) in southern Brazil
Authors: Bernardon Fabiana Fedatto , Mascarenhas Carolina S. , Pereira Jr Joaber , Müller Gertrud
Published: July 2018

ABSTRACT One hundred twenty-two Chrysomus ruficapillus were examined in southern Brazil, in order to research the presence of nasal mites and the parasite-host relationships. Nasal mite infections were analyzed for: presence of Ereynetidae and Rhinonyssidae considering the total number of hosts examined; Sexual maturity of males (juveniles and adults); Periods of bird collection and presence of co-infections. Were identified five taxa, four belongs to Rhinonyssidae (Sternostoma strandtmanni, Ptilonyssus sairae, P. icteridius and Ptilonyssus sp.) and one to Ereynetidae (Boydaia agelaii). Adult males were parasitized for one taxa more than juvenile males. Co-infections occurred in 22 hosts, between two, three and four taxa, belonging to Ereynetidae and Rhinonyssidae.The co-infections were more prevalent in austral autumn / winter. The host-parasite relations and co-infections by nasal mites in C. ruficapillus were reported for the first time, contributing to the knowledge about nasal mites in Brazil.
Plasticidade da aprendizagem de Diachasmimorpha longicaudata (Hymenoptera: Braconidae) associada a voláteis de frutos e óleos essenciais
Authors: Zadra Willian C. , Sant’Ana Josué , Redaelli Luiza R. , Tognon Roberta
Published: July 2018

RESUMO Diachasmimorpha longicaudata (Ashmead, 1905) (Hymenoptera: Braconidae) é um dos parasitoides mais utilizados em programas de controle biológico de tefritídeos no mundo. Contudo pouco se sabe sobre a capacidade de aprendizagem e memória deste braconídeo na busca pelo hospedeiro Anastrepha fraterculus (Wiedemann, 1830) (Diptera: Tephritidae). Neste estudo, avaliou-se o tempo de residência (TR) e o parasitismo de fêmeas de D. longicaudata oriundas de larvas de A. fraterculus criadas em dieta artificial, goiaba ou em manga e posteriormente, expostas aos odores destes frutos. Foi observada a aprendizagem de fêmeas de D. longicaudata condicionadas na fase adulta aos voláteis de óleo essencial de baunilha (OEB) e de laranja (OEL) e avaliadas, com os mesmos, em testes de quimiotaxia. Também registrou-se a memória deste parasitoide exposto ao OEB. Os insetos utilizados nos experimentos foram mantidos em câmaras climatizadas (25 ± 2 °C, 70 ± 10% UR) na fotofase de 14 h (adultos) e na escotofase (imaturos). As respostas quimiotáxicas foram registradas com olfatômetro tipo “Y” e o parasitismo (condicionamento na fase imatura), em larvas mantidas em unidades com polpa de goiaba, manga ou sem polpa (controle). Fêmeas do parasitoide criadas em larvas mantidas em dieta artificial foram expostas a OEL ou OEB por 4 h e a aprendizagem e memória (OEB) avaliadas em olfatômetro, a cada 24 h e por até 72 h. Fêmeas inexperientes de D. longicaudata foram mais atraídas para os voláteis de manga e goiaba em relação ao controle. No entanto, as experientes apresentaram TR maior para os odores dos frutos nos quais se desenvolveram. Contudo, quando os odores destes frutos foram oferecidos simultaneamente, o TR foi maior para os voláteis de manga. O percentual de parasitismo de vespas inexperientes foi maior na presença das polpas e, das experientes, nas larvas que continham os odores aos quais haviam sido condicionadas. O TR de fêmeas inexperientes foi significativamente maior para a acetona do que para os odores dos óleos. Fêmeas experientes em OEB responderam mais a este odor em relação ao controle, entretanto, não houve diferença para os experientes em OEL. A memória ao odor de OEB foi mantida por até 48 h. Concluímos que fêmeas experientes reconhecem odores aos quais se desenvolvem e aos óleos aos quais receberam experiência, resultando em preferência a estes quanto ao tempo de residência. Entretanto, reconhecer fatores que interferem na comunicação entre hospedeiro-parasitoide pode possibilitar maior adequação e confiabilidade na utilização de D. longicaudata em programas de controle biológico.
Relationship between virulence factor genes in coagulase-negative Staphylococcus spp. and failure of antimicrobial treatment of subclinical mastitis in sheep
Authors: Zafalon Luiz F. , Cunha Maria L.R.S. , Brandão Humberto M. , Mosqueira Vanessa C.F. , Santana Raul C.M. , Barioni Júnior Waldomiro , Martins Katheryne B. , Pilon Lucas E.
Published: July 2018

ABSTRACT: Coagulase-negative Staphylococcus spp. (CNS) are the main microorganisms involved in ovine mastitis. Treatment at the end of lactation can contribute towards cure and prevention of subclinical cases during the subsequent lactation. However, virulence factors and resistance mechanisms presented by CNS can decrease cure rates. The aims of the study were to identify the species of CNS in milk of mastitic ewes with and without antimicrobial treatment, and to investigate the presence of genes relating to resistance of β-lactam antimicrobials, formation of biofilms, production of enterotoxins and production of the toxic shock syndrome toxin. Cases of failure in the treatment were related with the presence/absence of the respective genes. Sixty sheep were divided into three groups: G1, without treatment; G2, animals treated via the intramammary route with 100mg of cloxacillin during drying off; and G3, sheep treated via the intramammary route with 50 mg of nanoparticulate cloxacillin. Milk samples were gathered during drying off and 15 and 30 days after the parturition of the subsequent lactation. The analyses to identify the species of CNS were carried out by means of the internal transcribe spacer technique and the investigation of the genes responsible for the virulence factors and resistance to oxacillin was performed using the polymerase chain reaction (PCR) technique. No sample was positive for the mecA gene. The only gene relating to production of enterotoxins was sec. Among the genes relating to production of biofilm, icaD was the only one identified in the three experimental groups. Staphylococcus warneri was the main species of CNS isolated during the pre and post-partum periods of the sheep. The species carrying genes relating to production of enterotoxins and biofilms were present in uncured sheep.
Diagramas de Feynman: O poder de uma imagem
Authors: Aguilar Arlene Cristina
Published: July 2018

Resumo O objetivo deste artigo é apresentar uma breve introdução aos diagramas de Feynman para a QED. Iniciaremos com uma sucinta descrição histórica de como esta técnica diagramática poderosa foi desenvolvida por Feynman. A seguir, introduziremos os elementos básicos i.e. propagadores e vértices, que compõem os diagramas. Discutiremos o significado físico associado aos diagramas e listaremos as regras de Feynman essenciais para cálculos em nível de perturbação mais baixa. Analisaremos três processos fundamentais da QED: o (i) espalhamento Bhabha, (ii) Compton e a (iii) aniquilação do par elétron-pósitron. Por fim, discutiremos como a série perturbativa em ordem mais alta é gerada graficamente para o caso específico do espalhamento Moller.
O que diferencia as Feynman lectures de livros tradicionais?
Authors: Karam Ricardo
Published: July 2018

Resumo Neste artigo buscamos apontar alguns aspectos que diferenciam as Feynman lectures de livros tradicionais de física, com o objetivo de extrair princípios didáticos gerais que possam guiar uma discussão mais fundamentada sobre o que entendemos por qualidade no ensino de física.
O legado de Feynman visto por pesquisadores brasileiros
Authors: Studart Nelson
Published: July 2018

Resumo Esse artigo apresenta os ensaios da edição especial da Revista Brasileira de Ensino de Física, comemorativa do centenário de nascimento de Richard P. Feynman. A partir de um depoimento pessoal de sua descoberta de Feynman, o autor busca complementar, com um pouco de história, os artigos de pesquisadores brasileiros convidados, que refletem suas visões sobre a física e o ensino de física, para as quais Feynman contribuiu decisivamente.
Performance measurement models and their influence on net fundraising of investment funds
Authors: Fernandes Anderson Rocha de J. , Fonseca Simone Evangelista , Iquiapaza Robert Aldo
Published: July 2018

ABSTRACT This article aims to analyze the relation between third- and fourth-order conditions and risk factors and their adequacy to return, performance, and net fundraising. The factors used to determine fund performance and, consequently, their relation with fundraising are: market return, size, book-to-market, profitability, investment, co-skewness, and co-kurtosis. The funds constituting the sample are those classified as Free Stocks (within the period from April 2001 to April 2015). Methodologically, this study has two phases. The first one refers to estimating the parameters that represent fund sensitivity to the factors and the comparison of the capital asset pricing models (CAPM), Fama-French-Carhart 4-factor (FFC), Fama-French 5-factor (FF5), Fama-French 5-factor with momentum (FF5M), added or not with co-moments, by means of the fixed-effects procedure. The second one deals with verifying the relation between performance and net fundraising. The models were reestimated through moving time windows, so that the alpha calculated on each of them represented fund performance within the immediately subsequent period. We also estimated the relation fundraising-performance through cross-section regressions, with rates and age as control variables. The results showed that the co-skewness and co-kurtosis coefficients are not that relevant for determining performance and net fundraising of investment funds. Among the risk factors, market, size, and momentum are the significant parameters for fund returns. The FFC and FF5M models are those with greater explanatory power regarding return specification. There is also evidence of convexity in the relation between performance and fundraising.
Pesquisas sobre migrações e etnicidade: conhecimento sobre identidades coletivas
Authors: Weber Regina
Published: July 2018

RESUMO O objetivo desta análise é mostrar a potencialidade dos processos de migração na geração de identidades coletivas no contexto de chegada. Mais especificamente, buscou-se observar, em termos teóricos, a aplicabilidade das teorias de etnicidade para interpretar as situações manifestadas, tendo por pressuposto que fatores econômicos e sociais influenciam na produção de classificações identitárias. O estudo se amparou em trabalhos de pesquisa sobre migrações internas no país, divulgados em teses, dissertações e artigos acadêmicos, os quais, preferencialmente, utilizaram a metodologia da história oral, pois depoimentos costumam descrever vivamente os momentos e os modos como se exteriorizam as categorias sociais.
A Hegemonia das margens: a obra de Jacques Le Goff no início do século XXI
Authors: Castanho Gabriel de Carvalho Godoy
Published: July 2018

RESUMO Em 2014, a tribo dos historiadores perdeu um de seus líderes, Jacques Le Goff. Autor inspirador e controverso, o medievalista francês influenciou não apenas os estudos sobre a Idade Média, mas também sobre a disciplina histórica de maneira geral durante a segunda metade do século XX. Seu legado é, sem dúvida, importante; contudo, as reflexões do último Le Goff apresentam algumas especificidades que merecem maior atenção por parte de seus pares. Assim, o presente artigo, após apresentar um sobrevoo a respeito de seus percursos profissional e historiográfico, se dedicou a traçar os principais aspectos da recepção de sua obra produzida em sua última década de vida. Ao final de nosso percurso, os trabalhos do medievalista terão nos conduzido a um de seus últimos legados: suas contribuições para a velha discussão entre especialistas e difusores do conhecimento histórico.
A Casa Comercial de João da Costa Soares em Recife: instituições mercantis e negociantes ultramarinos no século XVIII
Authors: Dias Thiago Alves
Published: July 2018

RESUMO Este artigo elenca e analisa três instituições mercantis distintas e seus níveis de interação no que concerne às normas e práticas comerciais durante o século XVIII. O funcionamento da Junta do Comércio em Lisboa modificou as relações institucionais, num primeiro nível, entre as próprias instituições do Estado português, como a Alfândega de Lisboa e suas congêneres no Reino e possessões, e, num segundo nível, entre os negociantes e suas respectivas práticas entre suas sociedades e casas comerciais. O Estado português buscou normatizar as atividades, os limites e possibilidades de cada negócio e negociante, assim como formular e fazer cobrar os tributos, emolumentos e taxas que esses negociantes deveriam repassar ao Estado português. Por outro lado, os negociantes - no intuito de atender aos seus interesses, notadamente o ingresso no mundo dos negócios coloniais, as concessões de privilégios e exclusivos, além de resolver contendas em nível jurídico, baseados em prerrogativas distintas entre a justiça civil e a justiça mercantil - buscaram essas mesmas instituições a fim de atender suas demandas privativas.
Olfactory dysfunction in Alzheimer’s disease Systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Silva Maren de Moraes e , Mercer Pilar Bueno Siqueira , Witt Maria Carolina Zavagna , Pessoa Renata Ramina
Published: July 2018

Abstract Alzheimer’s disease (AD), a neurodegenerative condition, is one of the most prevalent kinds of dementia, whose frequency doubles for every 5 years of age in elderly. Objective: To determine the correlation between AD and olfactory alterations, identifying the most affected domains and exploring the utility of olfactory tests for complementing early diagnosis. Methods: Databases were searched using the terms “olfactory OR smell OR olfaction AND alzheimer” for articles related to the proposed theme. The selected studies were categorized and evaluated separately depending on the method of analysis of the olfactory tests: identification of odors, discrimination and recognition, and a meta-analysis was carried out. Results: Fifty-one articles were selected for analysis. The effect size for most studies was large, as were the summary values for each category of individualized olfactory analysis. Conclusion: Among the olfactory domains, except memory, identification appears to be the most altered in AD. The possibility of including tests that specifically evaluate the identification of odors as an item in early diagnostic evaluation should be explored. PROSPERO registration: CRD42018089076.
Two new virtual reality tasks for the assessment of spatial orientation Preliminary results of tolerability, sense of presence and usability
Authors: Costa Raquel Quimas Molina da , Pompeu José Eduardo , Mello Daniel Donadio de , Moretto Emerson , Rodrigues Fernanda Zillig , Santos Michelle Didone dos , Nitrini Ricardo , Morganti Francesca , Brucki Sonia Maria Dozzi
Published: July 2018

Abstract Spatial orientation is a cognitive domain frequently impaired in Alzheimer's Disease and can be one of its earliest symptoms. Objective: This paper describes the results of tolerability, sense of presence and usability of two immersive virtual reality tasks for the assessment of spatial orientation, using VR headset in adults. Methods: 31 healthy adults recruited from university and the local community performed two experimental immersive virtual reality tasks of spatial orientation: the SOIVET-Maze for the assessment of allocentric to egocentric spatial abilities and the SOIVET-Route for the assessment of spatial memory and landmark recognition. Participants completed questionnaires about sense of presence, cybersickness symptoms, technology use profile and motion sickness history. Usability measures were assessed by spontaneous feedback from participants. Results: All participants were able to understand the task instructions and how to interact with the system. Both tasks seemed to induce a strong sense of presence, as assessed by the Witmer and Singer Presence Questionnaires (M=128 and 143 for SOIVET-Maze and SOIVET-Route, respectively). The SOIVET-Route had a small numeric advantage over the SOIVET-Maze tolerability scores assessed by the Cybersickness Questionnaire (M=4.19, SD=5.576 and M=3.52, SD=6.418 for SOIVET-Maze and SOIVET-Route respectively). Also, there were no drop-outs on the SOIVET-Route due to tolerability issues, unlike the SOIVET-Maze, which had two drop-outs. However, this difference was not statistically significant (Z= -.901, p= 0.368, Wilcoxon signed-rank test).
AVALIAÇÃO DO REGIME DE METAS DE INFLAÇÃO NOS PAÍSES DA AMÉRICA LATINA ENTRE 2001 E 2014
Authors: Triches Divanildo , Fiorentin Guilherme Pons
Published: July 2018

RESUMO Este artigo tem como objetivo avaliar o desempenho das políticas monetária do regime de metas de inflação nos países de América Latina entre 2001 e 2014, com séries mensais. Para isso, empregou-se um modelo VEC (vetor de correção de erro) com o intuito de analisar a função de longo prazo e da função impulso-resposta. Os resultados apontaram que a adoção do sistema de metas contribui para a redução na taxa de inflação e sua volatilidade, bem como para diminuir as oscilações na taxa de crescimento do nível de atividade. Os parâmetros estimados da velocidade de ajustamento de longo prazo do índice de preços têm indicado forte reação por parte das autoridades monetárias à mudança da taxa de inflação via taxa de juros de curto prazo. Esses ajustes também são observados no nível de atividade e da taxa de câmbio para a maioria dos países, mas com menor velocidade. Tais resultados são confirmados pela função impulso resposta, ratificando, portanto, a eficácia da política monetária no controle inflacionário, sobretudo no Peru, na Colômbia e no Chile. Já no Brasil e no México, esse fato foi observado apenas no período mais recente.
MAIS DO QUE RELAÇÃO UNIVERSIDADE EMPRESA: UMA ANÁLISE DAS FONTES DE CONHECIMENTO ESPECIALIZADO PARA INOVAÇÃO NA ARGENTINA, A PARTIR DE MICRODADOS
Authors: Bittencourt Pablo F. , Signor Diogo , Catela Eva Yamila da Silva , Rapini Márcia S.
Published: July 2018

RESUMO A complexidade do processo inovativo exige que as firmas colaborem com um conjunto de instituições públicas e privadas, assim como outras firmas, para construir e utilizar conhecimentos especializados, inerentes ao processo de inovação. Utilizando um modelo probit ordenado e microdados de 3.691 firmas argentinas, este trabalho tem como objetivo investigar e analisar a relação entre características chave das firmas do setor industrial de um país em desenvolvimento e a rede de fornecedores de conhecimentos especializados com a qual as firmas estabelecem suas redes. Os resultados apontam que o nível de abertura da empresa, sua capacidade de absorção, o engajamento no desenvolvimento de inovações de alto impacto, além da forma como as subsidiárias de multinacionais interagem com as matrizes e a atuação em mercados de exportação, são determinantes das redes formadas pelas firmas argentinas em processos de inovação.
Ontogenetic development of tetra Astyanax lacustris (Characiformes: Characidae)
Authors: Stevanato Diego J. , Ostrensky Antonio
Published: July 2018

ABSTRACT Ontogenetic development of the tetra Astyanax lacustris was studied under laboratory conditions. Larvae obtained by induced reproduction were maintained individually in tissue-culture plates, at 25°C. Daily observations and morphometric measurements were performed. Larvae hatched with a total length (TL) of 3.02 ± 0.34 mm (average ± standard deviation) without pigmentation and 0.06 ± 0.02 mm³ of yolk reserves. The yolk-sac larval period lasted 26 h post-hatching (hph). During this period, eye pigmentation started, the digestive tract emerged, the anus opened, and the animals began to show steady movements. Inflation of the swimming bladder initiates the preflexion stage, which extended until 230 hph. During this stage, the transition from endogenous to exogenous feeding was observed, with the yolk reserve being completely absorbed after 74 hph (TL: 4.17 ± 0.36 mm). Up to 86 hph it was possible to observe the first food ingested within the digestive tract. This period was followed by the flexion stage, with the folding of the notochord tip and development of the caudal fin (11-13 days post-hatching). Finally, during the last larval developmental stage (postflexion), the segmentation of the fin rays was completed, and the emergence of scales was observed (TL: 5.97 ± 0.65 mm). The larval ontogenetic development of A. lacustris was completed after 22 post-hatching days (dph).
Das Relações entre Dança e Movimento: reflexões sobre diferentes noções de movimento e a dança
Authors: Penuela Pedro
Published: July 2018

Resumo: O trabalho retoma algumas teses do teórico da dança André Lepecki (2008), com o objetivo de apontar limites de sua aposta na recusa do movimento como caminho de ruptura com a modernidade e com determinada noção de coreografia. Para tanto, efetua-se uma leitura crítica da narrativa da história da dança desenvolvida em uma obra desse autor, para que então sejam propostos três nuançamentos da noção de movimento, a fim de apontar, desse modo, que a articulação entre dança e movimento não é necessariamente unívoca e nem sempre tem as mesmas implicações com relação a dado projeto político ou metafísico característico da modernidade.
Pina Bausch e Café Müller no Cinema: a mise-en-scène da copresença do corpo e dos olhos fechados
Authors: Wosniak Cristiane
Published: July 2018

Resumo: O artigo pretende refletir sobre a questão da copresença do corpo dançante no excerto Café Müller, de Pina Bausch, sob o olhar cinematográfico de Wim Wenders em Pina (2011). Como ancoragem teórica, traz-se à cena o ensaísta e cineasta Jean-Louis Comolli ‒ mise-en-scène, representação, copresença ‒ e a filosofia do cinema da diferença de Gilles Deleuze. Ao se moldar sobre as relações com o tempo, o objeto empírico da investigação traça rupturas e refrações das imagens como potência de representação. Da (im)perfeição dos olhos fechados em Café Müller à re(a)presentação em falso-raccord da imagem coalescente: o olhar da montagem cinematográfica como produção de presença em dança.
Entre o Relato e a Paródia: Pina Bausch e suas re-leituras na pesquisa acadêmica brasileira
Authors: Pereira Marcelo de Andrade
Published: July 2018

Resumo: O artigo consiste numa reflexão de teor filosófico a partir de um levantamento da produção acadêmica realizada no Brasil sobre a obra da coreógrafa alemã Pina Bausch. Esse levantamento foi realizado em plataformas digitais, abrangendo o período de 1988 a 2018, e compreendeu artigos publicados em periódicos, capítulos de livros, livros, teses e dissertações. Assim, a presente investigação pretende averiguar de que modo tais abordagens se aproximam da obra de Bausch, se direta ou indiretamente. Opera-se com os conceitos de imagem, paródia e relato, procurando refletir, com o aporte da filosofia de Giorgio Agamben e Walter Benjamin - de forma colateral -, sobre os paradoxos das pesquisas em tela.