bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Regulation of TRIB1 abundance in hepatocyte models in response to proteasome inhibition
Authors: Soubeyrand Sébastien , Lau Paulina , McPherson Ruth
Published: June 2023

Tribbles related homolog 1 (TRIB1) contributes to lipid and glucose homeostasis by facilitating the degradation of cognate cargos by the proteasome. In view of the key metabolic role of TRIB1 and the impact of proteasome inhibition on hepatic function, we continue our exploration of TRIB1 regulation in two commonly used human hepatocyte models, transformed cell lines HuH-7 and HepG2. In both models, proteasome inhibitors potently upregulated both endogenous and recombinant TRIB1 mRNA and protein levels. Increased transcript abundance was unaffected by MAPK inhibitors while ER stress was a weaker inducer. Suppressing proteasome function via PSMB3 silencing was sufficient to increase TRIB1 mRNA expression. ATF3 was required to sustain basal TRIB1 expression and support maximal induction. Despite increasing TRIB1 protein abundance and stabilizing bulk ubiquitylation, proteasome inhibition delayed but did not prevent TRIB1 loss upon translation block. Immunoprecipitation experiments indicated that TRIB1 was not ubiquitylated in response to proteasome inhibition. A control bona fide proteasome substrate revealed that high doses of proteasome inhibitors resulted in incomplete proteasome inhibition. Cytoplasm retained TRIB1 was unstable, suggesting that TRIB1 lability is regulated prior to its nuclear import. N-terminal deletion and substitutions were insufficient to stabilize TRIB1. These findings identify transcriptional regulation as a prominent mechanism increasing TRIB1 abundance in transformed hepatocyte cell lines in response to proteasome inhibition and provide evidence of an inhibitor resistant proteasome activity responsible for TRIB1 degradation.
Fast 3D gravity and magnetic modelling using midpoint quadrature and 2D FFT
Authors: Wang Xulong , Liu Jianxin , Li Jian , Chen Hang
Published: June 2023

To avoid the problem of the traditional methods consuming large computational resources to calculate the kernel matrix and 2D discrete convolution, we present a novel approach for 3D gravity and magnetic modelling. This method combines the midpoint quadrature method with a 2D fast Fourier transform (FFT) to calculate the gravity and magnetic anomalies with arbitrary density or magnetic susceptibility distribution. In this scheme, we apply the midpoint quadrature method to calculate the volume element of the integral. Then, the convolution of the weight coefficient matrix with density or magnetization is efficiently computed via the 2D FFT. Finally, the accuracy and efficiency of the proposed algorithm are validated by using an artificial model and a real topography model. The numerical results demonstrate that the proposed algorithm’s computation time and the memory requirement are decreased by approximately two orders of magnitude compared with the space-wavenumber domain method.
Short-term outcomes and cost-effectiveness of laparoscopic gastrectomy with articulating instruments for gastric cancer compared with the robotic approach
Authors: Lee Chang Min , Park Sungsoo , Park Sung Hyun , Kim Ki-Yoon , Cho Minah , Kim Yoo Min , Hyung Woo Jin , Kim Hyoung-Il
Published: June 2023

To overcome the limitations of laparoscopic surgery, robotic systems have been commonly used in the era of minimally invasive surgery despite their high cost. However, the articulation of instruments can be achieved without a robotic system at lower cost using articulating laparoscopic instruments (ALIs). Between May 2021 and May 2022, perioperative outcomes following laparoscopic gastrectomy using ALIs versus robotic gastrectomy were compared. A total of 88 patients underwent laparoscopic gastrectomy using ALIs, while 96 underwent robotic gastrectomy. Baseline characteristics were similar between the groups except for a higher proportion of patients with a medical history in the ALI group (p = 0.013). Clinicopathologic and perioperative outcomes were not significantly different between the groups. However, the operation time was significantly shorter in the ALI group (p = 0.026). No deaths occurred in either group. In conclusion, laparoscopic gastrectomy using ALIs was associated with comparable perioperative surgical outcomes and a shorter operation time compared to robotic gastrectomy in this prospective cohort study.
Transient formation of multi-phase droplets caused by the addition of a folded protein into complex coacervates with an oppositely charged surface relative to the protein
Authors: Sakakibara Nanako , Ura Tomoto , Mikawa Tsutomu , Sugai Hiroka , Shiraki Kentaro
Published: June 2023

The addition of a folded protein into specific complex coacervates causes the formation of transient multi-phase droplets.
Recent trends in ozone sensing technology
Authors: Iqbal Muhammad Mudassir , Muhammad Gulzar , Hussain Muhammad Ajaz , Hanif Hina , Raza Muhammad Arshad , Shafiq Zahid
Published: June 2023

This review reports the developments in the technology used for ozone monitoring and its calibration, ozone sensing materials and their development, 2D design, machine learning, designing ozone sensors, and ozone monitoring devices.
Infrared spectroscopic and theoretical investigations of novel iridium oxyfluorides
Authors: Lu Yan , Medel Robert , Deng Guohai , Riedel Sebastian
Published: June 2023

We report for the first-time the preparation of molecular iridium oxyfluoridesviathe reaction of laser-ablated iridium atoms with OF2in excess neon and argon at cryogenic temperatures.
Glycine in a basket: protonated complexes of 1,1,n,n-tetramethyl[n](2,11)teropyrenophane (n = 7, 8, 9) with glycine in the gas-phase
Authors: Chen Yanyang , Ghasemabadi Parisa Ghods , Bodwell Graham J. , Demireva Maria , Fridgen Travis D.
Published: June 2023

Experimental blackbody radiative dissociation experiments and computational work establishes two isomers of protonated terropyrenophane/glycine inclusion complexes.
Recent advances in encapsulation of highly stable perovskite nanocrystals and their potential applications in optoelectronic devices
Authors: Cao Zhengwei , Zhang Feng , Liu Jiaqi , Fan Cuihe , Wu Yukun , Hao Yuying
Published: June 2023

Recent advances in the fabrication of perovskite nanocrystals with an encapsulation structure are summarized and reviewed with classification into multiple-particle level encapsulation and single-particle level encapsulation.
Mechanistic insights into the conversion of polyalcohols over Brønsted acid sites
Authors: Nguyen Quy P. , Chau Han K. , Lobban Lance , Crossley Steven , Wang Bin
Published: June 2023

We combine computational and experimental methods to study the acid-catalyzed conversion of polyalcohols to provide insights into the selective functionalization and conversion of multi-layered plastic films.
One-step synthesis of 2D@3D hollow Prussian blue analogue as a high-performance bifunctional electrochemical sensor
Authors: Liu Tian , Wang Jiang , Jiang Qiao , Chai Ning , Ying Shuanglu , Kong Yuxuan , Yi Fei-Yan
Published: June 2023

The hollow tremella-like PBA was successfully synthesizedviaa one-step process, exhibiting excellent glucose and nitrite sensing performance and extensive prospect in practical applications.
MBene promoted Zn peroxide chemistry in rechargeable near-neutral Zn–air batteries
Authors: Hou Yue , Chen Ze , Li Xinliang , Wang Yiqiao , Li Pei , Cui Huilin , Zhang Rong , Yang Shuo , Zhang Shaoce , Zhi Chunyi
Published: June 2023

Mo4/3B2−xTz MBene with ordered vacancies is, for the first time, exploited as a high-performance catalyst for near-neutral Zn–air batteries with a coin-cell configuration and delivers the most stable long cycling lifespan compared to previous works.
Thermally activated dynamic bonding network for enhancing high-temperature energy storage performance of PEI-based dielectrics
Authors: Li Jialong , Liu Xiaoxu , Huang Bingshun , Chen Dongyang , Chen Zhaoru , Li Yanpeng , Feng Yu , Yin Jinghua , Yi Haozhe , Li Taoqi
Published: June 2023

The multisite bonding networks in PEI are constructed by using MOFs. The Zn–N bonding in the network could be thermally activated at 150 °C, thus generate extra polarization and endow the composite with excellent energy storage performance.
3D organic bioelectronics for electrical monitoring of human adult stem cells
Authors: Savva Achilleas , Saez Janire , Withers Aimee , Barberio Chiara , Stoeger Verena , Elias-Kirma Shani , Lu Zixuan , Moysidou Chrysanthi-Maria , Kallitsis Konstantinos , Pitsalidis Charalampos , Owens Róisín M.
Published: June 2023

Conducting polymer scaffolds enable electrical monitoring of the growth of three-dimensional human adult stem cell cultures and facilitate their differentiation into neuron-like cells.
3D printed membranes of polylactic acid and graphene oxide for guided bone regeneration
Authors: Jang Hee Jeong , Kang Moon Sung , Kim Won-Hyeon , Jo Hyo Jung , Lee Sung-Ho , Hahm Eun Jeong , Oh Jung Hyun , Hong Suck Won , Kim Bongju , Han Dong-Wook
Published: June 2023

We fabricated graphene oxide (GO)-incorporated polylactic acid (PLA) (GO-PLA) films by using three-dimensional (3D) printing to apply them as barrier membranes for guided bone regeneration (GBR).
Visible-light-initiated nickel-catalyzed amination of aryl halides using thioxanthen-9-one as a photocatalyst
Authors: Zhu Da-Liang , Li Jie , Young David James , Wang Yanqing , Li Hong-Xi
Published: June 2023

An inexpensive thioxanthen-9-one as a triplet photosensitizer could significantly accelerate this Ni-catalyzed amination of aniline with aryl halides, providing various diarylamines with good yields at room temperature.
Improved stability and activity of laccase through de novo and post-synthesis immobilization on a hierarchically porous metal–organic framework (ZIF-8)
Authors: Xu Ran , Zhang Xujie , Zelekew Osman Ahmend , Schott Eduardo , Wu Yi-nan
Published: June 2023

Porous materials such as metal–organic frameworks (MOFs) are considered to be suitable materials for immobilizing enzymes to improve their stability.
Introducing micropores into carbon nanoparticles synthesized via a solution plasma process by thermal treatment and their charge storage properties in supercapacitors
Authors: Thu Myo Myo , Chaiammart Nattapat , Jongprateep Oratai , Techapiesancharoenkij Ratchatee , Thant Aye Aye , Saito Nagahiro , Panomsuwan Gasidit
Published: June 2023

Thermal treatment of CNPs synthesized via SPP in an inert environment could result in the development of micropores and the decrease of surface oxygen functionality, which affect their charge storage properties when used as supercapacitor electrodes.
Rheological behaviour, setting time, compressive strength and microstructure of mortar incorporating supplementary cementitious materials and nano-silica
Authors: Cai Chang , Su Qian , Huang Shaoning , Li Fuhai , Jin Hesong , Yu Xian , Liu Yuelei , Yang Yang , Chen Zhao
Published: June 2023

Major contributions of this study are to reveal mechanism of SF dosage on setting time of cement paste, study rheological, mechanical, and microstructure properties of mortar with SCM and nano-silica, and obtain optimal mix proportion of shotcrete mortar.
High-resolution imaging and analysis of the intestinal bacterial load ofCaenorhabditis elegansduring early adulthood
Authors: Rezaeianaran Farzad , Gijs Martin A. M.
Published: June 2023

3D representation and quantitative analysis of intestinal bacteria inC. elegansworms.
MXene-based Ti2C/Ta2C lateral heterostructure: an intrinsic room temperature ferromagnetic material with large magnetic anisotropy
Authors: Özcan S. , Biel B.
Published: June 2023

A density functional theory investigation of the structural, electronic and magnetic properties of the lateral Ti2C/Ta2C heterostructure, revealing a very high Curie temperature, high magnetic moments, and high magnetic anisotropy energies.
Cobalt-catalyzed enantioselective C–H/N–H annulation of aryl sulfonamides with allenes or alkynes: facile access to C–N axially chiral sultams
Authors: Si Xiao-Ju , Zhao Xiaofang , Wang Jianli , Wang Xinhai , Zhang Yuanshuo , Yang Dandan , Song Mao-Ping , Niu Jun-Long
Published: June 2023

A cobalt-catalyzed atroposelective C–H/N–H annulation of sulfonamides with allenes or alkynes, using either chemical or electrochemical oxidation, was disclosed, which affords C–N axially chiral sultams with high regio- and enantio-selectivities.
Curvature and confinement effects on chiral liquid crystal morphologies
Authors: Palacio-Betancur Viviana , Armas-Pérez Julio C. , Hernández-Ortiz Juan P. , de Pablo Juan J.
Published: June 2023

Simulations of chiral LCs under toroidal confinement explore the free energy landscape of forming new morphologies that can be tuned through material properties and confinement geometry.
A K+-sensitive photonic crystal hydrogel sensor for efficient visual monitoring of hyperkalemia/hypokalemia
Authors: Wang Yan-Lin , Wang Xi , Yu Hai-Rong , Liang Ting , Lv Xing-Bin , Cheng Chang-Jing
Published: June 2023

A K+-sensitive photonic crystal hydrogel sensor has been developed for efficient visual monitoring of hyperkalemia/hypokalemia.
A one-stone-two-birds strategy to construct metal–organic framework-derived cobalt phosphide as an efficient bifunctional electrocatalyst for oxygen electrode reactions
Authors: Pan Hao , Wang Xiao-Li , Li Fayan , Xu Qiang
Published: June 2023

A MOF-derived electrocatalyst composed of N, P co-doped carbon and cobalt phosphide (Co2P@NPC) is fabricated as an efficient bifunctional electrocatalyst towards the oxygen evolution reaction (OER) and oxygen reduction reaction (ORR).
Lysosome- and plasma membrane-accumulative and tumor-targetable polythiophene nanoparticles for enhanced sonodynamic therapy
Authors: Pang E , Xing Xuejian , Zhao Shaojing , Tan Qiuxia , Pan Tangna , Yu Ting , Gan Yabing , Wang Benhua , Tan Siyi , Zhang Yi , Yin Peng , Song Xiangzhi , Lan Minhuan
Published: June 2023

Lysosome- and cytomembrane-accumulative and tumor-targetable polythiophene nanoparticles for enhanced sonodynamic therapy.
Stability and potential degradation of the α′,β′-epoxyketone pharmacophore on ZnO nanocarriers: insights from reactive molecular dynamics and density functional theory calculations
Authors: Trouki Cheherazade , Monti Susanna , Barcaro Giovanni
Published: June 2023

Action and dynamics of an anti-cancer drug: how are they affected by an inorganic nanocarrier?
Soft, flexible conductivity sensors for ocean salinity monitoring
Authors: Lu Shao-Hao , Li Yi , Wang Xueju
Published: June 2023

Soft, flexible conductivity sensors composed of gold electrodes are developed and characterized for real-time, corrosion-free ocean salinity measurements under optimized operation conditions (AC voltage of 0.6 V).
Empowering and conquering infirmity of visually impaired using AI‐technology equipped with object detection and real‐time voice feedback system in healthcare application
Authors: Tarik Hania , Hassan Shahzad , Naqvi Rizwan Ali , Rubab Saddaf , Tariq Usman , Hamdi Monia , Elmannai Hela , Kim Ye Jin , Cha Jae‐Hyuk
Published: June 2023

The Internet of Things is emerging as a crucial technology in aiding humans and making their lives easier. Among the human population, a large percentage of people suffer from disabilities resulting in challenges in everyday life particularly people with visual disabilities. While several inventions exist to aid people with blindness in their everyday lives, the tools are not adequate in terms of accessibility and efficiency. Smart cane is a useful technology that is being researched and developed to enhance navigation of the visually impaired through smart obstacle detection. Moreover, artificial intelligence is being incorporated in these devices to provide users with a sense of vision and allow them greater independence. However, these devices are expensive and often do not contain the desired functionality in a compact single device. The research by I‐CANe aims to create a low‐cost, single device system that is equipped with obstacle detection and identification features to enhance navigation for users without using multiple detection devices. The cane will also incorporate wireless communications for safety features such as Global Positioning System tracking and Global System for Mobile communication to allow maximum independence of the user.
Enhancing low‐priority traffic reconfiguration designs in mixed‐critical avionics networks
Authors: Li J. , Li Q. , Xiong H.
Published: June 2023

In avionics system networking, mixed‐critical networks are commonly used to integrate system applications with different levels of guarantees for various traffic classes on a shared resource platform, effectively addressing issues such as cabling, cost, weight, volume, power consumption, etc. However, current fault recovery and reconfiguration techniques mainly focus on high‐priority time‐triggered (TT) traffic, often neglecting the impact of TT traffic reconfiguration on low‐priority traffic. This paper proposes an avionics mixed‐critical networking approach based on the IEEE 802.1CB protocol, which is shown to be more effective for the post‐failure recovery of Rate‐Constrained (RC) traffic (a typical type of low‐priority traffic in TT networks). Furthermore, an elastic reconfiguration algorithm is presented to ensure quality of service for RC traffic during and after reconfiguration, preventing arbitrary application and traffic shutdown triggered by TT traffic reconfiguration. Simulations demonstrate that the proposed approach and algorithm can significantly improve the post‐failure recovery ratio of RC traffic, as well as guarantee quality of service and network throughput of RC traffic during and after reconfiguration to a certain extent.
Frequency reconfigurable antenna based on epsilon negative transmission lines
Authors: Luo Hao‐nan , Yang Xiao‐lin
Published: June 2023

A novel coplanar waveguide (CPW)‐fed frequency reconfigurable antenna based on epsilon negative transmission line (ENG‐TL) is presented in this letter. By controlling the switch, the parameters of the ENG‐TL structure unit are changed, and the antenna can work on different frequency bands. By using varactor diode as a switch, the resonant frequency of the antenna continuously varies from 2.55 to 3.45 GHz while the bandwidth of 450 MHz keeps unchanged, which is suitable for n77 of sub‐6 GHz. But by using the PIN diode as a switch, the antenna can be reconfigured on three modes, lower single‐band (2.33–2.81 GHz), dual‐band (1.67–1.81 GHz and 3.32–3.60 GHz), and higher single‐band (3.98–4.22 GHz). The designed antenna is suitable for use in WLAN, DCS, and WiMAX (2.5/3.3 GHz). The simulated results are in good agreement with the measured results.
A passive optical fibre sensor based on Fabry‐Perot interferometry for bipolar electrostatic monitoring of insulating dielectrics
Authors: Zhang Jiawei , Ye Zifan , Wang Li , Zhang Zelei , Xu Fan , Dang Weichen , Matsumoto Takao , Diaham Sombel , Putson Chatchai
Published: June 2023

The measurement of the surface charge on the insulating dielectrics is critical to estimate the insulation strength of electrical equipment in operation. Unavoidable interactions with the electromagnetic field, however, generally result in distortion measurement of active sensor. Thus, it is of great significance to investigate a passive sensor for monitoring the deposited charge. Here, a passive optical fibre electrostatic sensor is developed on the principle of Fabry–Perot interference to quantify the surface potential of the insulating dielectrics. The sensitivity of quantifying the electrostatic charge is explored in terms of the wavelength shift in the interference spectrum, and the linear correlation is 0.99. Meanwhile, the sensor can identify a negative quadratic trend with the increase of the surface roughness of the insulating dielectrics. The merits of the proposed sensor such as passive monitoring, bipolar electrostatic detection, and the excellent ability of anti‐electromagnetic interference are highlighted in the results. Hence, this sensor can serve as an effective tool to monitor the electrostatic charge in the fields of smart electrical equipment, fuel transportation, aerospace, integrate circuit etc.
Boost power factor correction converter with adaptive harmonic compensation control
Authors: Zhang Rongfei , Liu Xueshan , Zhou Shuhan , Wang Chuntao , Zhou Qun
Published: June 2023

In low‐voltage distribution systems, the increased penetration of power electronic devices leads to the decentralization of harmonic sources, which puts the sensitive loads or communication systems in the risk status. The conventional methods of point‐to‐point harmonic control are not applicable. In order to solve this problem without increasing additional investments, this paper focuses on mitigating the harmonic interference through the power factor correction (PFC) converter. Hence, a critical conduction mode (CRM) single‐phase boost PFC converter with adaptive harmonic compensation (AHC) control is proposed to reduce the harmonic interference at user side. Firstly, the feed‐forward control loop of a PFC converter is decoupled into the fundamental branch and harmonic branch to trace the harmonic interference and generate the compensation current. Then the compensation gain is designed by the compensation loop gain and compensation capacity of PFC converter. Meanwhile, the characteristics of the PFC converter are analyzed to study the effect of the AHC control on the active power transmission and output load, which can provide important support for the proposed method in application. Finally, a 160‐W experimental prototype is built to verify the effectiveness of the proposed AHC control.
Identification of genomic biomarkers and their pathway crosstalks for deciphering mechanistic links in glioblastoma
Authors: Quddusi Darrak Moin , Bajcinca Naim
Published: June 2023

Glioblastoma is a grade IV pernicious neoplasm occurring in the supratentorial region of brain. As its causes are largely unknown, it is essential to understand its dynamics at the molecular level. This necessitates the identification of better diagnostic and prognostic molecular candidates. Blood‐based liquid biopsies are emerging as a novel tool for cancer biomarker discovery, guiding the treatment and improving its early detection based on their tumour origin. There exist previous studies focusing on the identification of tumour‐based biomarkers for glioblastoma. However, these biomarkers inadequately represent the underlying pathological state and incompletely illustrate the tumour because of non‐recursive nature of this approach to monitor the disease. Also, contrary to the tumour biopsies, liquid biopsies are non‐invasive and can be performed at any interval during the disease span to surveil the disease. Therefore, in this study, a unique dataset of blood‐based liquid biopsies obtained primarily from tumour‐educated blood platelets (TEP) is utilised. This RNA‐seq data from ArrayExpress is acquired comprising human cohort with 39 glioblastoma subjects and 43 healthy subjects. Canonical and machine learning approaches are applied for identification of the genomic biomarkers for glioblastoma and their crosstalks. In our study, 97 genes appeared enriched in 7 oncogenic pathways (RAF‐MAPK, P53, PRC2‐EZH2, YAP conserved, MEK‐MAPK, ErbB2 and STK33 signalling pathways) using GSEA, out of which 17 have been identified participating actively in crosstalks. Using PCA, 42 genes are found enriched in 7 pathways (cytoplasmic ribosomal proteins, translation factors, electron transport chain, ribosome, Huntington's disease, primary immunodeficiency pathways, and interferon type I signalling pathway) harbouring tumour when altered, out of which 25 actively participate in crosstalks. All the 14 pathways foster well‐known cancer hallmarks and the identified DEGs can serve as genomic biomarkers, not only for the diagnosis and prognosis of Glioblastoma but also in providing a molecular foothold for oncogenic decision making in order to fathom the disease dynamics. Moreover, SNP analysis for the identified DEGs is performed to investigate their roles in disease dynamics in an elaborated manner. These results suggest that TEPs are capable of providing disease insights just like tumour cells with an advantage of being extracted anytime during the course of disease in order to monitor it.
Lead‐free versus PZT: Acoustic characterization of ultrasonic immersion transducers fabricated with lead‐free NBT‐BT piezoceramic
Authors: Kelley Thomas R. P.
Published: June 2023

An evaluation of the performance of a recently developed formulation of (lead‐free) Sodium‐Bismuth titanate – Barium Titanate (NBT‐BT) piezoceramic is presented through the construction and testing of several immersion transducers based around a new material formulation “Pz12” from CTS Ferroperm (Kvistgaard, Denmark). Results are intended to yield insight into the applicability of this lead‐free material for use within industrial, NDT, medical or underwater sectors through the reporting of experimentally realised performance characteristics. Results of several performance tests are reported including: pulse‐echo amplitude, electrical insertion loss, transducer efficiency, power output and transmitting voltage response (TVR). Benchmarking is provided against comparable lead zirconate‐titanate (PZT) based transducers using an industry standard Navy Type 1 (Pz26, CTS Ferroperm). Performance of the Pz12 transducers was found to exceed expectations, although was lower than that of the comparable Pz26 transducers. Pulse‐echo amplitudes indicated a −4.3 dB relative amplitude between lead and lead‐free variants with electrical insertion loss and transmitting voltage response both showing an average −3.1 dB between the Pz12 and Pz26. Electroacoustic conversion efficiencies of up to 52% are reported for the Pz12 transducers compared with a 62% maximum efficiency for the Pz26 variant. Temperature stability is also investigated in the 10–70 ˚C range.
Opacity for realistic 3D MHD simulations of cool stellar atmospheres
Authors: Perdomo García A. , Vitas N. , Khomenko E. , Collados M. , Allende Prieto C. , Hubeny I. , Osorio Y.
Published: June 2023

Context. Realistic three-dimensional time-dependent simulations of stellar near-surface convection employ the opacity binning method for the efficient and accurate computation of the radiative energy exchange. The method provides several orders of magnitude of speedup, but its implementation includes a number of free parameters.

Aims. Our aim is to evaluate the accuracy of the opacity binning method as a function of the choice of these free parameters.

Methods. The monochromatic opacities computed with the SYNSPEC code were used to construct opacity distribution function (ODF) that was then verified through detailed comparison with the results of the ATLAS code. The opacity binning method was implemented with the SYNSPEC opacities for four representative cool main-sequence stellar spectral types (F3V, G2V, K0V, and M2V).

Results. The ODFs from SYNSPEC and ATLAS show consistent results for the opacity and bolometric radiative energy exchange rate Q in the case of the F-, G-, and K-type stars. Significant differences, coming mainly from the molecular line lists, are found for the M-type star. It is possible to optimise a small number of bins to reduce the deviation of the results coming from the opacity grouping with respect to the ODF for the F-, G-, and K-type stars. In the case of the M-type star, the inclusion of splitting in wavelength is needed in the grouping to get similar results, with a subsequent increase in computing time. In the limit of a large number of bins, the deviation for all the binning configurations tested saturates and the results do not converge to the ODF solution. Due to this saturation, the Q rate cannot be improved by increasing the number of bins to more than about 20 bins. The more effective strategy is to select the optimal location of fewer bins.
Tissue Engineering: Current Technology for Facial Reconstruction
Authors: Fenberg Rachel , vonWindheim Natalia , Malara Megan , Ahmed Maariyah , Cowen Erin , Melaragno Luigi , Vankoevering Kyle
Published: June 2023

Facial reconstruction is a complex surgical process that requires intricate three-dimensional (3D) concepts for optimal functional and aesthetic outcomes. Conventional reconstruction of structural facial anomalies, such as those including cartilage or bony defects, typically rely on hand-carving autologous constructs harvested from a separate donor site, and shaping that cartilage or bone into a new structural framework. Tissue engineering has emerged in recent decades as a potential approach to mitigate the need for donor site morbidity while improving precision in the design of reconstructive construct. Computer-aided design and computer-aided manufacturing have allowed for a digital 3D workflow to digitally execute the planned reconstruction in virtual space. 3D printing and other manufacturing techniques can then be utilized to create custom-fabricated scaffolds and guides to improve the reconstructive efficiency. Tissue engineering can be paired with custom 3D-manufactured scaffolds to theoretically create an ideal framework for structural reconstruction. In the past decade, there have been several compelling preclinical studies demonstrating the capacity to induce chondrogenesis or osteogenesis in a custom scaffold. However, to date, these preclinical data have not yet translated into significant clinical experience. This translation has been hindered by a lack of consensus on the ideal materials and cellular progenitors to be utilized in these constructs and a lack of regulatory guidance and control to enable clinical application. In this review, we highlight the current state of tissue engineering in facial reconstruction and exciting potential for future applications as the field continues to advance.
Topological wireless communication in the stopband of magnetoinductive lines
Authors: Feis Joshua , Solymar Laszlo , Shamonina Ekaterina
Published: June 2023

Conventionally, in engineering, the stopband of periodic structures, where propagating signals are unable to penetrate them, was of little interest to engineers. However, with the advent of topological physics, this has changed, and the stopband has moved into the center of attention. Here, we study the behavior of magnetoinductive waves in the stopband of a diatomic line. Surprisingly, here, we find that for lines hosting topological edge states, the signal power at frequencies in the stopband can be higher than anywhere in the passband. Further, they may also exceed both the signal power and Shannon capacity of a conventional monoatomic line, making them of interest for application in wireless communication.
Dynamic modulation and impedance characteristics of a terahertz quantum cascade laser
Authors: Gao Liang , Feng Chao , Wang Qingpu , Zhao Xian
Published: June 2023

The modulation and impedance properties of a terahertz (THz) quantum cascade laser (QCL) are investigated theoretically based on a three-level rate equation model. The effect of different device parameters, namely, facet reflectivity, injection efficiency, spontaneous emission factor, and operating current, on the modulation and impedance characteristics of the QCL is analyzed in detail. The device shows a maximum modulation bandwidth (f3dB) of 21 GHz and an intrinsic impedance of 3.8 mΩ when operating under the designed conditions. The modulation bandwidth and impedance increase with the increase in facet reflectivity and injection efficiency. However, the modulation bandwidth increases but the impedance decreases with the increase in operating current. The spontaneous emission factor has no effect on both the modulation bandwidth and impedance. The theoretical model will aid in the design of THz QCLs requiring a large modulation bandwidth and the external circuit design to match the standard 50 Ω source for reducing reflections and improving the coupling efficiency.
Temperature-dependent microwave dielectric permittivity of gallium oxide: A deep potential molecular dynamics study
Authors: Li Zhiqiang , Duan Xinlei , Liu Linhua , Yang Jia-Yue
Published: June 2023

The microwave (MW) dielectric permittivity of gallium oxide (β-Ga2O3) fundamentally determines its interaction with an electromagnetic wave in bulk power. Yet, there is a lack of experimental data due to limitations of high-temperature MW dielectric measurements and the large uncertainty under variable-temperature conditions. Herein, we develop a deep potential (DP) based on density functional theory (DFT) results and apply deep potential molecular dynamics (DPMD) for accurately predicting temperature-dependent MW dielectric permittivity of β-Ga2O3. The predicted energies and forces by DP demonstrate excellent agreement with DFT results, and DPMD successfully simulates systems up to 1280 atoms with quantum precision over nanosecond scales. Overall, the real part of the MW dielectric permittivity decreases with rising frequency, but the dielectric loss increases. The MW dielectric permittivity gradually increases as the temperature increases, which is closely related to the reduced dielectric relaxation time and increased static and high-frequency dielectric constants. Besides, the oxygen vacancy defects significantly reduce the relaxation time; however, augmenting the defect concentration will cause a slight rise in relaxation time. The electron localization function analysis reveals that more free electrons and low localization of electrons produced by high defect concentrations facilitate the increased relaxation time. This study provides an alternative route to investigate the temperature-dependent MW permittivity of β-Ga2O3, which attains prime importance for its potential applications in RF and power electronics.
Formation of nanoribbons by carbon atoms confined in a single-walled carbon nanotube—A molecular dynamics study
Authors: Eskandari Somayeh , Koltai János , László István , Vaezi Mehran , Kürti Jenő
Published: June 2023

Carbon nanotubes can serve as one-dimensional nanoreactors for the in-tube synthesis of various nanostructures. Experimental observations have shown that chains, inner tubes, or nanoribbons can grow by the thermal decomposition of organic/organometallic molecules encapsulated in carbon nanotubes. The result of the process depends on the temperature, the diameter of the nanotube, and the type and amount of material introduced inside the tube. Nanoribbons are particularly promising materials for nanoelectronics. Motivated by recent experimental results observing the formation of carbon nanoribbons inside carbon nanotubes, molecular dynamics calculations were performed with the open source LAMMPS code to investigate the reactions between carbon atoms confined within a single-walled carbon nanotube. Our results show that the interatomic potentials behave differently in quasi-one-dimensional simulations of nanotube-confined space than in three-dimensional simulations. In particular, the Tersoff potential performs better than the widely used Reactive Force Field potential in describing the formation of carbon nanoribbons inside nanotubes. We also found a temperature window where the nanoribbons were formed with the fewest defects, i.e., with the largest flatness and the most hexagons, which is in agreement with the experimental temperature range.
Phonon–magnon conversion using longitudinal leaky surface acoustic waves through magnetoelastic coupling
Authors: Huang Mingxian , Hu Wenbin , Zhang Huaiwu , Bai Feiming
Published: June 2023

Surface acoustic waves (SAWs) can transmit magnetization oscillation inside magnetoelastic films in the form of magnetoacoustic waves. If the frequency and wavenumber of SAWs match those of spin waves, magnon excitation can be observed. In this work, we studied the phonon–magnon conversion excited by longitudinal leaky SAWs, which possess the same dominant strain component like Rayleigh-type SAWs but a much higher phase velocity. The measured transmission power absorptions of both SAW modes due to spin wave resonance follow a linear frequency dependence and exhibit a fourfold symmetry. We demonstrate that longitudinal leaky SAWs can serve as a very effective means to excite stronger phonon–magnon coupling than Rayleigh SAWs at a lower wave number.
Hole-initiated melting process of thin films
Authors: Riegler Hans
Published: June 2023

We perform numerical and experimental studies on the melting process of thin films initiated by a small hole in the continuum regime. The presence of a nontrivial capillary surface, namely the liquid/air interface, leads to a few counterintuitive results: (1) The melting point is elevated if the film surface is partially wettable, even with a small contact angle. (2) For a film that is finite in size, melting may prefer to start from the outer boundary rather than a hole inside. (3) More complex melting scenarios may arise, including morphology transitions and the “de facto” melting point being a range instead of a single value. These are verified by experiments on melting alkane films between silica and air. This work continues a series of investigations on the capillary aspects of melting. Both our model and analysis approach can be easily generalized to other systems.
Estimation of trap distribution by the temperature spectrum of space charge decay
Authors: Chen Jiaxin , Lv Zepeng , Ren Yuanyang , Wu Kai
Published: June 2023

The energy band structure is crucial for solid insulation research. The traditional thermally stimulated current is used mostly for direct trap estimation but has some limitations, which can be overcome by the space charge decay method. With the help of a modified pulsed-electro acoustic system, we perform the test under different low temperatures and obtain a more comprehensive band spectrum including shallow traps and different polarities. This study chooses isotactic polypropylene (PP) to investigate in a temperature range of −120 to 20 °C. Signal processing and recovery are considered. Two basic trap estimation methods are compared and the one based on the modified isothermal relaxation current theory is used here. The electron and hole trap densities near different electrode interfaces are considered in the experiment. In the preliminary results, it is found that the traps tend to move toward a shallow direction with a decrease in temperature. A model of the retrapping process caused by phonon scattering is put forward to explain the results. The retrapping possibility is, therefore, assumed to follow a power relation with temperature. An attempt to rectify the trap depth is performed on such a model by numerical approximation and reaches the result that the retrapping possibility may be dependent upon the second power of temperature. Finally, the broadband energy spectrum is calculated after correction. In the normalized coordinate system, the traps in PP are mainly distributed in a deep range; few shallow traps are found maybe because the space charge density is low.
Exploring the versatile reactivity of the F− + SiH3Cl system on a full-dimensional coupled-cluster potential energy surface
Authors: Dékány Attila Á. , Czakó Gábor
Published: June 2023

We develop a full-dimensional analytical potential energy surface (PES) for the F− + SiH3Cl reaction using Robosurfer for automatically sampling the configuration space, the robust [CCSD-F12b + BCCD(T) − BCCD]/aug-cc-pVTZ composite level of theory for computing the energy points, and the permutationally invariant polynomial method for fitting. Evolution of the fitting error and the percentage of the unphysical trajectories are monitored as a function of the iteration steps/number of energy points and polynomial order. Quasi-classical trajectory simulations on the new PES reveal rich dynamics resulting in high-probability SN2 (SiH3F + Cl−) and proton-transfer (SiH2Cl− + HF) products as well as several lower-probability channels, such as SiH2F− + HCl, SiH2FCl + H−, SiH2 + FHCl−, SiHFCl− + H2, SiHF + H2 + Cl−, and SiH2 + HF + Cl−. The Walden-inversion and front-side-attack-retention SN2 pathways are found to be competitive, producing nearly racemic products at high collision energies. The detailed atomic-level mechanisms of the various reaction pathways and channels as well as the accuracy of the analytical PES are analyzed along representative trajectories.
An area-based description of closed books in general practices in Aotearoa New Zealand
Authors: Pledger Megan , Irurzun-Lopez Maite , Mohan Nisa , Jeffreys Mona , Cumming Jacqueline
Published: June 2023

Introduction In Aotearoa New Zealand, patients can enrol in a general practice for their primary health care. When a general practice no longer enrols new patients this is known as ‘closed books’. We examined which District Health Board (DHB) districts were most affected and what characteristics of general practices and DHB districts were associated with closed books. Methods Maps were used to display the distribution of closed books general practices. Linear regression and logistic regression were used to look at the association between DHB or general practice characteristics and closed books. Results There were 347 (33%) general practices that had closed books in June 2022. Canterbury DHB (n = 45) and Southern DHB (n = 32) had the greatest number of closed books general practices, while Wairarapa DHB (86%), Midcentral DHB (81%) and Taranaki DHB (81%) had the greatest percentage. Consultation fees (P < 0.0001) were found to be associated with closed books in general practice, where those practices in the mid-range of consultation fees were more likely to have closed books than those that charged lower or higher fees. Conclusion The problem of closed books is felt across the country but has a larger impact in the middle-lower North Island. This influences access to primary health care enrolment for patients in terms of travel distance, time, and cost. Consultation fees were strongly associated with closed books. This suggests there may be an income threshold above which general practices can afford to close their books if they reach capacity.
Receptive vocabulary size estimates for general and academic vocabulary at a multi-campus Australian
university
Authors: Green Clarence , Pantelich Melania , Barrow Michael , Weerasinghe Daya , Daniel Rachel
Published: June 2023

There are few published estimates of vocabulary sizes amongst students in tertiary education. Research does not
offer estimates of the vocabulary size tertiary students might be expected to possess, though estimates exist for K-12 education,
some EFL contexts, and the general population. Such research is important. For reading comprehension during tertiary education, a
vocabulary of minimally 10,000 words is recommended, along with proficiency in academic vocabulary. A recent study of three
universities in the United Kingdom concluded pedagogical intervention was required, since estimates indicated undergraduates knew
fewer than 10,000 words. A subsequent study of a New Zealand university found students knew 16,000 words and pedagogical
intervention was not required. The current study investigates 433 tertiary students at an Australian university to determine if
students required vocabulary support. It contributes to a research record allowing for comparisons internationally, nationally,
and over time. Methods employed included the Vocabulary Size Test/VST and Academic Vocabulary Test/AVT. Results indicate an
average vocabulary size of 16,117 words, with academic vocabulary well-known.
Leveraging preclinical study designs to close gaps in vaccine development for perinatal pathogens
Authors: Crooks Chelsea M. , Chan Cliburn , Permar Sallie R.
Published: June 2023

Vaccines to perinatal pathogens are critical for both reducing the burden of endemic pathogens and preparing for the next pandemic. Although they are often at greater risk of severe disease from infection, pregnant people and children are routinely marginalized in the vaccine development process. We highlight several challenges in the vaccine development process and how three tools—translational animal models, human cohort studies of natural infection, and innovative data-use strategies—can speed vaccine development and ensure equity for pregnant people and children in the next pandemic.
Robust locally linear embedding and its application in analogue circuit fault diagnosis
Authors: He Wei , Yuan Zhijie , Yin Baiqiang , Wu Wei , Min Zhixian
Published: June 2023

During long-term operation of analogue circuits, fault diagnosis is important for preventing the occurrence of hazards. However, noise often accompanies sampled signals and makes the task of fault diagnosis more difficult. Therefore, developing a robust feature extraction technique is an indispensable part of fault diagnosis. The locally linear embedding (LLE) algorithm has recently emerged as a promising technique for dimensional reduction and feature extraction because it preserves linear neighborhoods, and it is quite effective when there is a locally linear dependent structure embedded in fault data. However, LLE is sensitive to noise. Therefore, the maximum correntropy criterion is adopted to resist non-Gaussian noise by seeking the optimal weight coefficient, and a half-quadratic optimization procedure is introduced to address the objective function. Moreover, softmax regression is applied to locate faults. Finally, two typical analogue circuit systems are used to demonstrate the robustness of the modified algorithm to non-Gaussian noise. The experimental results show that the robust LLE algorithm can outperform LLE in the extraction of fault features when there is non-Gaussian noise in the fault signals, and the proposed fault diagnosis method has a better effect in locating faults compared with other feature extraction methods.
Tailoring of microwave power density in an ECR ion source using an optimized ridge coupler
Authors: Phogat Monika , Mathew Jose V
Published: June 2023

One of the interesting areas in the Electron Cyclotron Resonance Ion Source (ECR-IS) design which requires further exploration is the microwave power launching scheme and the power coupling optimization with the plasma chamber. The electron heating efficiency and thereby the plasma density highly depends on the electric field distribution inside the plasma chamber; therefore, it is important to optimize the coupling of microwave power to the plasma chamber, to maximize the electric fields in the plasma chamber for a given microwave power. For this, a single-step quarter wavelength ridge coupler design study has been carried out using CST MW Studio Suite along with the plasma chamber and ridge wave guide designs. The experimental measurements of electric and magnetic field profiles in the plasma chamber assembly with different coupling configurations have been done using an innovative bead pull technique and a magnetic field probe. The experimental results match well with the simulation results and the comparative studies of different coupling configurations reveal that the single step ridge coupler based scheme improves the electric field inside the plasma chamber to at least five times than the conventional ridge waveguide. To further improve the E-field amplitude in the plasma chamber by another 40%, a novel tuning scheme for the coupler has been introduced. Preliminary plasma studies have been carried out with the optimized coupler on a multicusp ECR plasma source and the plasma density measurements performed using a microwave cut-off probe. The plasma measurements show that even at low input microwave powers (∼300 W) the plasma density is comparable with standard ECR-IS. The present study thus, sheds light on the coupling configuration of microwave to plasma chamber with experimental measurements of cavity mode and fields in the cavity which will be useful for high intensity accelerator applications in understanding the plasma evolution, beam parameters and its dependence on different operating parameters.