bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Image and Text Steganography Using Convolutional Neural Network
Authors: Kumar Vijay , Laddha Saloni , Aniket  , Dogra Nitin
Published: April 2021

Steganography has been used since centuries for concealment of messages in a cover media where messages were physically hidden. The goal in our project is to hide digital messages using modern steganography techniques. An N * N RGB pixel secret message (either text or image) is to be transmitted in another N * N RGB container image with minimum changes in its contents. The cover image also called the carrier can be publicly visible. In this project, along with LSB encoding, deep learning modules using the Adam algorithm are used to train the model that comprises a hiding network and a reveal network. The encoder neural network determines where and how to place the message, dispersing it throughout the bits of cover image. The decoder network on the receiving side, which is simultaneously trained with the encoder, reveals the secret image. The main aspect of this work is it produces minimal distortion to the secret message. Thus, preserving its integrity. Also, other steganography softwares cannot be used to reveal the message since the model is trained using a deep learning algorithm which complicates its steganalysis. The network is only trained once, irrespective of the different container images and secret messages given as inputs. Thus, this work has wide and secure applications in many fields.
Analysis of the Time-To-Onset and Factors Affecting Clinical Outcomes of Immune Reconstitution Inflammatory Syndrome in People Living with HIV Using Data from the Japanese Spontaneous Reporting Database
Authors: Tanaka Hiroyuki , Wada Tatsuhiko , Ohyama Katsuhiro , Ishii Toshihiro
Published: April 2021

Purpose: Data on immune reconstitution inflammatory syndrome (IRIS), despite being a widely recognized complication of antiretroviral therapy, remain limited. The objective of the present study was to evaluate the time-to-onset and factors affecting clinical outcomes of IRIS in people living with HIV (PLWH) using data from the Japanese Adverse Drug Event Report (JADER) database. Methods: Data of PLWH who developed IRIS as an adverse event were extracted from the JADER database. Cases with the data of both the start date of anti-HIV drug therapy and date of IRIS onset were included in the study. The survey items included sex, age, anti-HIV drug use, IRIS-compatible events, time-to-onset of IRIS, and clinical outcome. The time-to-onset of IRIS was evaluated in relation to anchor drug use. Overall, 79 cases were included in the analysis. Results: The median (range) time-to-onset of IRIS was 29 (1–365) days, and it differed significantly between IRIS-compatible events (P = 0.029). In particular, the time-to-onset of Pneumocystis pneumonia-IRIS was the shortest among the IRIS-compatible events (median [range]: 12 [5–301] days). Age ≥ 50 years at IRIS onset appeared to be related to the poor clinical outcomes of IRIS in PLWH (P = 0.048). The use of integrase strand transfer inhibitors did not affect the time-to-onset of IRIS or clinical outcome of IRIS in PLWH. Conclusion: This analysis based on the data from the JADER database revealed that IRIS-compatible events were related to the time-to-onset of IRIS and that patients older than 50 years had poorer clinical outcomes of IRIS. This finding will be useful for healthcare professionals when considering medications for patients with HIV infection/AIDS and for the management of IRIS.
Differential electrochemical impedance spectroscopy of the polymer proton electrolytes
Authors:   Donetsk Institute for Physics and Engineering named after A. A. Galkin, Prokhorov Igor Yu.
Published: April 2021

A method of deriving standard electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) data such as Bode diagram, Nyquist diagram, and others from frequency dependence of the external impedance using numerical differentiation of the indicated dependence in quadratic coordinates is proposed, the method being named as the differential electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (DEIS). The method was tested experimentally on polyvinyl alcohol-based proton membranes doped with sulphated montmorillonite in granulated or dispersed states as an example. It is shown that DEIS data can be easier and with higher accuracy described by regular semicircles while leaving intact values of ohmic resistance. Very high values of dielectric permeability were obtained in the work enabling to develop condensers with high capacity based on highly conductive polymeric proton electrolytes.
Transformation of the genre “Memoirs” in social network instagram
Authors:   Far Eastern Federal University, Ugro Anna V.
Published: April 2021

Active development of the Internet communication and the expansion of technical capaсities caused the transformation of existing genres and determined the emergence of new ones. The article discusses the features of the implementation of the speech genre “memoirs” in the social network Instagram. The hashtag #воспоминание was chosen as the criterion for collecting entries, since, in our opinion, users can use this hashtag to mark the genre of a post. The aim of the work is to establish how genre characteristics of memoirs are reflected in the polycode space. The study revealed that in the social network Instagram, the appeal to the past is recorded as follows: 1) the narrative as a traditional form of the genre is preserved, while the photo, an obligatory element of this sphere of communication, performs an illustrative function; 2) there is a special type of representation of the speaker’s experience using a creolized text, in which the text, image and hashtags are in a relationship of mutual complement. The emergence of a new way of presenting memoirs, in which the reported information is distributed among several semiotic systems, is explained, on the one hand, by the desire of users to save speech effort, on the other hand, by the technical features of the social network. Under the influence of these circumstances, there is a loss of language indicators of significant characteristics of the genre and its modification. In addition, the author focuses on the difficulties of perception of records defined by users as #воспоминание. Given informative insufficiency of verbal components and the absence of a common apperception base for the addressee and addressee, understanding can be achieved by decoding the image.
Resumos de Dissertações
Authors: Do Nascimento Anael Souza , Rocha André Carlos De Oliveira , Oliveira Dayana Portela De Assis , Costa Diego De Mendonça , Nunes Diene Do Espírito Santo , Andreata Helton Kania , De Moraes Lucivando Barbosa , Oliveira Neto Mário Moraes , Costa Raquel De Jesus , Leão Victor Miranda , Pollnow Germano Ehlert
Published: April 2021

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Análise do crescimento de alface sob diferentes sistemas de cultivo
Authors: Souza Sulma Vanessa , Almeida Marcel Gonçalves de , Oliveira Luanne Escobar do Nascimento , Sabbag Omar Jorge
Published: April 2021

Embora a alface (Lactuca sativa L.) apresente-se como uma cultura de essencial importância para a manutenção financeira de muitas famílias rurais, seu cultivo é limitado em determinados períodos do ano em função das oscilações climáticas, como elevadas temperaturas. A partir desse cenário, o cultivo protegido tem adquirido importância. Dada à existência de diversas técnicas de cultivo protegido e considerando-se a necessidade de o produtor familiar buscar novos métodos de produção, objetivou-se avaliar o crescimento da alface em diferentes sistemas de cultivo protegido: hidroponia (NFT), hidroponia com uso de substratos e produção utilizando mulching, mediante experimentos conduzidos em uma horta localizada no município de Dourados/MS, no período compreendido entre de 27/08/2019 à 05/10/2019. Os aspectos analisados após 41 dias de cultivo foram: diâmetro, peso total, peso comercial, número de folhas aptas para o consumo, altura da planta e tamanho da raiz. O cultivo em hidroponia NFT apresentou maior resultado nos aspectos altura da planta (64,98 cm) e altura da raiz (20,80 cm); o cultivo em mulching no aspecto diâmetro (30,56 cm) e o cultivo hidropônico em substratos nos aspectos peso total (351,40 g), peso comercial (305,80 g) e altura da folha (43,86 cm), sendo o que demonstrou melhor desempenho dentre os três sistemas de cultivo analisados.
“Eu me sinto alegre deu ver o verde que deu aqui”: a restauração ecológica pela agricultura familiar na Amazônia
Authors: Ferronato Marcelo Lucian , De Souza Emanuel Fernando Maia , Modro Anna Frida Hatsue
Published: April 2021

Esse trabalho analisa o envolvimento de agricultores familiares da sub-bacia do rio Palha em ações de restauração ecológica na região da Zona da Mata Rondoniense. Para isso foram realizadas 26 entrevistas abertas que oferecem resultados para refletir sobre as três dimensões do estudo: a) a compreensão e o sentimento de agricultores familiares em relação ao seu entorno e ao ambiente; b) o conhecimento etnoecológico nos processos de recuperação das áreas degradadas; c) estratégias inovadoras que promovam a adesão aos programas de restauração ecológica a partir das experiências dos agricultores familiares. Para análise foi utilizada a metodologia do Discurso do Sujeito Coletivo, a qual resultou em 10 Ideias Centrais. Questões relativas ao meio ambiente são presentes nas Ideias Centrais na fala dos agricultores em todas as dimensões do estudo, demonstrando que os agricultores carregam com eles traços do campesinato e que contribuem de forma significativa para os processos de restauração ecológica.
TRATAMENTOS NÃO INDUSTRIAIS EM MADEIRAS DE Eucalyptus urophylla S.T.BLAKE
Authors: Baldin Talita , Baraúna Edy Eime Pereira , Coutinho Marcony Neres , Brito Thawane Rodrigues
Published: April 2021

Avaliou-se a eficiência de diferentes tratamentos não industriais na preservação da madeira de dois clones de Eucalyptus urophylla contra o ataque de térmitas. Os corpos de prova foram submetidos aos seguintes tratamentos: carbonização superficial, pincelamento, banho quente-frio e imersão prolongada em solução CCB. Em seguida, expostos por 45 dias a uma colônia de térmitas do gênero Nasutitermes em ensaio de preferência alimentar. Foi determinada a perda de massa e a retenção de cada tratamento nos dois clones. O tratamento da madeira conferiu aumento da resistência ao ataque de térmitas, sobretudo os métodos de imersão prolongada e banho quente-frio, recomendando-os para preservação de madeiras que tenham contato com o solo.
Deep Networks for Collaboration Analytics: Promoting Automatic Analysis of Face-to-Face Interaction in the Context of Inquiry-Based Learning
Authors: Lämsä Joni , Uribe Pablo , Jiménez Abelino , Caballero Daniela , Hämäläinen Raija , Araya Roberto
Published: April 2021

Scholars have applied automatic content analysis to study computer-mediated communication in computer-supported collaborative learning (CSCL). Since CSCL also takes place in face-to-face interactions, we studied the automatic coding accuracy of manually transcribed face-to-face communication. We conducted our study in an authentic higher-education physics context where computer-supported collaborative inquiry-based learning (CSCIL) is a popular pedagogical approach. Since learners’ needs for support in CSCIL vary in the different inquiry phases (orientation, conceptualization, investigation, conclusion, and discussion), we studied, first, how the coding accuracy of five computational models (based on word embeddings and deep neural networks with attention layers) differed in the various inquiry-based learning (IBL) phases when compared to human coding. Second, we investigated how the different features of the best performing computational model improved the coding accuracy. The study indicated that the accuracy of the best performing computational model (differentiated attention with pre-trained static embeddings) was slightly better than that of the human coder (58.9% vs. 54.3%). We also found that considering the previous and following utterances, as well as the relative position of the utterance, improved the model’s accuracy. Our method illustrates how computational models can be trained for specific purposes (e.g., to code IBL phases) with small data sets by using pre-trained models.
Rola unii bankowej w procesie integracji europejskiej
Authors: Graczyk Agata
Published: April 2021

Głównym celem niniejszego artykułu jest ocena wpływu unii bankowej na kształtowanie procesu integracji na kontynencie europejskim. Zostało to dokonane poprzez umiejscowienie unii bankowej jako etapu prowadzącego do pełnej unii państw europejskich. Podstawowe pytanie badawcze niniejszego opracowania zostało sformułowane w następujący sposób: czy projekt unii bankowej jest istotnym elementem przyczyniającym się do pełnej integracji unijnych systemów bankowych, którego realizacja jest niezbędna w celu ochrony Unii Europejskiej przed skutkami przyszłych kryzysów bankowych? Kwestia ta została rozstrzygnięta na podstawie analizy dostępnej literatury oraz danych statystycznych. Podstawowy wniosek wynikający z podjętych badań brzmi następująco: unia bankowa stanowi niezbędny etap w kierunku dalszej integracji europejskiej i jest kluczowym elementem integracji europejskich systemów bankowych. Jednakże nawet pełne wdrożenie projektu unii bankowej całkowicie nie wyeliminuje możliwości wystąpienia kryzysów bankowych, lecz może w pewnym stopniu ograniczyć to ryzyko, a tym samym zredukować koszty potencjalnych kryzysów.
Ubezpieczenie jako forma transferu ryzyka jednostek samorządu terytorialnego
Authors: Hajdys Dagmara , Wieteska Stanisław
Published: April 2021

Celem opracowania jest wskazanie ryzyk charakterystycznych dla sektora samorządowego oraz prezentację oferty ubezpieczeniowej dedykowanej temu sektorowi na przykładzie miasta Łodzi. W pracy postawiono tezę, że kompleksowo skonstruowana oferta ubezpieczeniowa przyczynia się do optymanego transferu ryzyk samorządu terytorialnego. Opracowanie powstało w oparciu o przegląd literatury przedmiotu, akty prawne oraz ofertę ubezpieczeniową skierowaną do jednostek samorządu terytorialnego. Pawidłowo przeprowadzony proces identyfikacji ryzyk oraz procedura wyboru ubezpieczyciela prowadzi nie tylko do wyboru optymalnej oferty ubezpieczeniowej, ale także samego podmiotu. Z ograniczonej analizy przykładu miasta Łodzi wynika, że władze samorządu są zainteresowane kompleksowymi, „szytymi na miarę” polisami ubezpieczeniowymi oferowanymi przez jednego ubezpieczyciela. Przekłada się to na czas przyjęcia, rozpatrzenia szkody i wypłaty odszkodowania. Pozytywnie należy ocenić programy ubezpieczeniowe bezpośrednio adresowane do JST, które pojawiają się na rynku ubezpieczeniowym. Przykładem jest program „Bezpieczna Gmina”. Należy oczekiwać, że w najbliższych latach, z uwagi na szczególne ograniczenia budżetowe wynikające z pandemii Covid-19, zaintersowanie władz samorządowych wzrośnie nowymi, innowacyjnymi rozwiązaniami w zakresie ubezpieczenia ryzyk.
Kryteria decyzyjne konsumenta na rynku ubezpieczeń majątkowych
Authors: Lubaś Magdalena
Published: April 2021

Konsumenci chcąc ustrzec się przed stratami wynikającymi z nieprzewidzianych zdarzeń losowych, decydują się na zakup ubezpieczenia. Uznaje się, że podejmowane przez nich decyzje często noszą znamiona irracjonalnych. Celem badania było określenie znaczenia przypisywanego przez konsumentów najważniejszym kryteriom decydującym o wyborze ubezpieczenia. Badanie przeprowadzono metodą sondażu diagnostycznego z wykorzystaniem techniki CAWI w styczniu 2020 roku na grupie 150 osób. Wyniki wykazały, że najważniejszymi czynnikami jakimi przy wyborze ubezpieczenia kierują się konsumenci są: cena, atrakcyjność oferty oraz warunki umowy.
From the Roots to the Present of Personal Financial Planning – Achievements on the 50th Anniversary of the Movement
Authors: Waliszewski Krzysztof , Welch H. Oliver
Published: April 2021

The purpose of the article The aim of the article is to present the reasons for the emergence of personal and financial planning in the 1960s in the US, and then its quantitative and qualitative evolution around the world, taking into account institutional aspects.

Methodology Review of the literature on the subject, legal acts and statistics of the financial advisory movement.

Results of the research The study found that personal financial planning emerged from a grassroots initiative as a response to the needs of consumers and progressive representatives of the financial sector. Its territorial expansion beyond its homeland was associated with a growing awareness of the benefits of financial advisory services to households. Before the entire financial planning movement there is enormous growth potential.
Poręczenie funduszu regionalnego jako prawne zabezpieczenie do ustanowionego limitu skarbowego na rynku pozagiełdowym
Authors: Wybieralski Piotr
Published: April 2021

W opracowaniu zwrócono uwagę na wybrany aspekt związany z problematyką zarządzania ryzykiem finansowym z wykorzystaniem instrumentów pochodnych na rynku pozagiełdowym, a mianowicie kwestią prawnego zabezpieczenia do ustanowionych przez banki komercyjne dla swoich kontrahentów – przedsiębiorstw niefinansowych limitów skarbowych. Omawiana jest sytuacja zakładająca wystarczającą w ocenie instytucji finansowej zdolność kredytową kontrahenta, ale niewystarczającą wartość proponowanych przez niego prawnych zabezpieczeń wierzytelności bankowych. W tym przypadku zastosowanie poręczeń cywilnych okołobiznesowych instytucji wspierających tj. regionalne fundusze może być szczególnie pomocne. Wskazano na formalno-prawne przesłanki stosowania limitów skarbowych oraz omówiono sposób ich wykorzystania, jak również przedstawiono studium przypadku dotyczące wdrożenia omawianego poręczenia dla wybranego oddziału banku komercyjnego. W artykule podkreślono szczególnie istotną rolę instytutów naukowych w kreowaniu rozwiązań dla rzeczywistych wyzwań gospodarczych.
Dodatek kwartalny
Authors: Baczmaga Rafał , Braciak Marta , Skrzypecki Antoni , Uryszek Tomasz , Witczak Radosław
Published: April 2021

"Sytuacja gospodarcza w Polsce po III kwartale 2016 r."

"Oceny ratingowe Polski"

"Zmiany w świecie podatków na rok 2017"
Pyometra pada Kucing Domestic Short Hair
Authors: Rahayu Ninik Fitri
Published: April 2021

Kucing Domestic Short Hair bernama Siti berusia ± 8 bulan dengan berat badan 2,35 kg dibawa ke Rumah Sakit Hewan Pendidikan Universitas Brawijaya dengan keluhan adanya vaginal discharge mucopurulent. Pemeriksaan fisik menunjukkan bahwa kucing Siti memiliki BCS 4/9, CRT 3 detik, mukosa pink rose, tenperatur rektal 38.3 °C, abdomen bagian hipogastrium mengalami kesakitan saat dipalpasi dan teraba adanya distensi bagian uterus. Hasil pemeriksaan swab vagina menunjukkan adanya sel epitel dan sel neutrofil serta pemeriksaan USG menunjukkan adanya penebalan pada dinding uterus (endometrium) yang ditandai dengan warna putih (hyperechoic). Berdasarkan gejala klinis, pemeriksaan fisik dan laboratoris kucing Siti didiagnosa mengalami pyometra dengan prognosis dubius. Pyometra merupakan kondisi abnormal ditandai dengan adanya akumulasi nanah di dalam uterus. Terapi yang dilakukan pada kucing Siti berupa tindakan Ovariohisterectomy. Kucing mengalami perbaikan secara klinis lima hari setelah operasi dan dinyatakan sembuh pada hari ke-7 setelah operasi.
Benefits and challenges of chinese FDI in USA
Authors: Samartsev V.
Published: April 2021

About ten years ago China’s forex reserves increased to the level when it became a problem to manage them. At first, Beijing declared “safety” to be its priority and preferred to allocate currency excess into stable, but low-dividend US Treasury bonds. Over a period of years, China, one of the richest creditors of the world, used to have a negative balance on investment payments. Time changes and “to earn” is vital. Under the “going out strategy” Chinese government pushes national enterprises to expand abroad in search for new markets, technologies, and higher profits. The USA with its unique combination of strong economy, innovations, and talents – is one of the most attractive destinations. This article is intended to shed some light on China’s current FDI position in the United States. Though several preconditions caused the adjustment of its outward investment policy, taking into account Beijing’s practical approach while facing any radical change the growth in M&A does not mean hasty denial of Treasuries. Due to its late start of Chinese FDI into the American economy its volume is currently as low as of the Scandinavian countries. In the meantime, according to available statistics, Chinese FDI into US increased 6–8.5 times from 2008 to 2012. So far, if China keeps up the pace it may come to the fore at the end of the current decade. Contrary to prevailing view that government structures dominate in “China Inc.” it is not true: socio-economic transition and tougher competition inside this country push all kinds of Chinese entrepreneurs to seek business opportunities abroad. Chinese FDI come to many US economy sectors, such as energy, agriculture, real estate, IT. Geographically FDI tend to get a foothold in the areas with vast Chinese diaspora, primarily in California, New York, and Texas. American authorities now face the challenge of clearly determining their position in terms of risks and benefits of Chinese capital flows. Otherwise, many potential Chinese investors will prefer to go to the other regions of the world.
Venezuela after Hugo Chávez
Authors: Dabagyan E.
Published: April 2021

The article reviews socio-political processes in Venezuela after the death (March 5, 2013) of the president Hugo Chávez. The death of the charismatic leader put the problem of early election on the agenda. The election took place on April 14. The course of the rapid campaign is highlighted. The Establishment was represented by the executive vice president Nicolás Maduro, whom the head of the state had appointed his successor not long before his death. The united opposition nominated Henrique Capriles, the governor of the state Miranda. The destiny of the project of “socialism of the 21st century” was at stake. The Establishment used administrative resources and created a lot of obstacles to the rival. N. Maduro came top although with the tiniest margin. The municipal elections were held in December. Although the authority improved its results, it suffered defeat in the cities where the middle class lived. The society split up into two parts. The article gives special attention to socio-economic troubles and failed attempts to deal with them. It is emphasized that a relative welfare of the poorest groups of the population had its reversed side, which included almost absolute exhaustion of dollar-bringing industry and huge inflation. There are difficulties with the food supply. The citizens are also seriously troubled by a very high crime rate. Serious discontent burst out on February 12, 2014 on the Youth Day, when the people took to the streets, with students in the vanguard. Mass actions lasted for a long time. The authorities who regarded this unrest as an attempt of a coup, reacted quickly, using the force. These events caused an anxiety of the world’s community which called on the confronting sides to cease violence and begin negotiations as well as offered to serve as intermediary. Three scenarios of political development of the country are given as a conclusion.
Foresight: Country Specifics and General Patterns
Authors: Makhova N.
Published: April 2021

Foresight has become a widely employed method in the last decades, however only few of the foresight programmes proved to be successful and long lasting. This poses a controversy taking into account that the concept and the methodology of foresight have been exhaustively studied, and the achieved level of information, consultative and organizational support at hand is sufficient to carry out projects of different scale and subject. The author presumes that the reasons lie in the predominant attention of foresight actors to its material outcomes and methodology instead of mechanisms that form the very basis of the system, whose future is subject to analysis by means of foresight. The hypothesis is further justified with analysis of foresight programmes in the Great Britain and Brazil, which enables to propose a revised definition of the foresight concept.
British-Russian Relations under Cameron-Clegg Government
Authors: Andreeva T.
Published: April 2021

The article is devoted to the problem of relationship improvement between UK and Russia under David Cameron’s – Nick Clegg's coalitional government, before the Crimea crisis of 2014. The author scrutinizes history and peculiarities of bilateral political and economic relations, which include the Britain's accusations of human rights violation against Russia, on one side, and the contracts between BP and Russian oil corporations, on the other side. Also the positions of the two states on such issues as the beginning of international intervention in Libya, the adjustment of matters with the civil war in Syria, and the settlement of situation in Afghanistan are highlighted in the paper. The article answers two main questions: what contributed to improvement of bilateral relationship, and what could help to make it better again in the nearest future?
German Participation in International Crisis Management (1991–2012)
Authors: Trunov F.
Published: April 2021

The article discusses the participation of the Federal Republic of Germany in the struggle against new challenges of the world security sphere. In this regard the main focus is on the usage of German armed forces (Bundeswehr) for International Crisis Management (ICM), first of all – outside the NATO area. Although Germany has been taking part in this type of activities since 1991, only in 1994 German Bundestag formulated and approved the mechanism of parliamentary control over the Bundeswehr usage outside the NATO area. The author attempts to define the periods of this process and cover practical German involvement in ICM activities of the NATO, the European Union and the United Nations Organization. In this sense it is necessary to compare the forms and the average number of soldiers, which were used by Germany in ICM operations by each of these three international structures. It is also rather important to define the main regions (countries) where German troops were used in ICM activities, and the reasons for it. Yugoslavia was the first region where Bundeswehr served for stabilization of the situation in areas of internal military conflicts. By the year 2014, the main regions of the German International Crisis Management participation became Afghanistan and Horn of Africa.The article also examines the perspectives of the Federal Republic of Germany’s involvement in ICM, considering the current and possible future results of the Bundeswehr reform, while Bundesehr was and is the main country’s instrument in ICM.
Automotive Industry in BRIC Countries
Authors: Afanas'ev S. , Kondrat’ev V.
Published: April 2021

For the next decade, the future of the automotive industry lies in BRIC’ countries. Together, Brazil, Russia, India, and China will account for some 30 percent of world auto sales in 2014 while also offering significant opportunities for cost-effective R&D, sourcing, and manufacturing. The authors analyze the degree of localization of leading TNC and supplies in each BRIC country, for each function, compare localization across BRIC countries, assess the future development of these markets, compare local capabilities and resources, and identify particularly promising combinations of functions and countries. Key trends in developing countries include continuing liberalization and globalization, increased foreign investment and ownership, and the increasing importance of follow-source and follow-design forces. The article concerns the trends and factors of national automotive industry formation in BRIC countries. Special emphasis is made on localization of R&D activities, final assembly operations and components production by global automotive companies in BRIC countries. It systemizes the factors of investment opportunities of different developing markets. It is concluded that active state regulation is playing the principle role in localization and catching-up process in automotive industry in developing countries. The comparison of the automotive industry in BRIC countries allows shedding light on the economic processes of emergence at large. There is a stark contrast in the capacities of development of the sector in these countries. This contrast serves as an analyzer between the modes of sector opening and the paths of technological catching-up that is the core of the phenomenon of emergence. The analysis and best practices presented in the topic, while focusing on the BRIC countries, are applicable also to other rapidly developing economies.
Road Map of Russian Economy Competitiveness Upgrade
Authors: Alekseev A.
Published: April 2021

The article explores the interrelation between the main factors of national economy competitiveness on the basis of logical and correlation analysis of the data on 144 countries presented in The Global Competitiveness Report issued by the World Economic Forum. The analysis of the strength and nature of the relations between the factors gives grounds to assume that institutions, infrastructure, higher education and training are core problems; goods market efficiency, technological readiness are key problems; business sophistication and innovation are resulting problems. The analysis shows that the competitiveness indicators of other BRICS countries which are better than Russian ones, are achieved not due to any remarkable progress in economic policy, but owing to the lack of serious failures typical for Russian economy. For instance, the high level of Russian infrastructure, macroeconomic stability, sizes of home market and some other indicators come to nothing because of extremely low level of Russian institutions, market efficiency, financial market, and business sophistication. As a result, other BRICS countries' progress, which is not so remarkable itself, gives much better cumulative result in comparison with Russian breakthrough, which cannot be accomplished in the environment that is unfavorable for it. With the view of Russian economy competitiveness and innovation upgrade, firstly, it is essential to increase the quality of Russian institutions (the necessity of reforms is indubitable: Russia occupies the 133d place in the world in accordance with the quality of its institutions), to improve the infrastructure, higher education and training. The advancement in solving these problems will facilitate the situation or solve the large part of the problems of goods market efficiency and improve the existing technological readiness. The increasing of the goods market quality and the improvement of technological readiness will, in their turn, upgrade business sophistication and innovations. The proposed approach gives ground to claim that the reforms need to be made in the sequence described above. The upgrade of Russian companies’ business sophistication and their innovation will be to a great extent the result of the solution of the mentioned problems.
China’s Banking System: the Key Problems
Authors: Vdovin A.
Published: April 2021

Active development of China's economy relies heavily on the national financial system, of which the banks are the pillars. In this connection, the condition of the banking system has crucial influence on the nation’s economy growth and the speed of its integration into world economy. The article provides comprehensive analysis of China’s banking system’s fundamental challenges of the present, the roots of the major problems and the potential risks they carry. The author carried out the systematization of the contemporary problems of China's banking system. Accordingly, the problems of the modern banking system in China fall into three groups: system-wide ones, regulatory issues and technical problem. The groups are ranked by the degree of severity and urgency to the development of the national banking system and economy.
Self-Portrait of Russian IR Theorists: Results of a Survey
Authors: Tsygankov A. , Tsygankov P.
Published: April 2021

The article contributes to the recent discussion of roles played by the global core and periphery in forming knowledge about the world. As the world moves away from the U.S. political hegemony, the global scholarship on international relations too reflects a greater cultural diversity. The recent attempts by International Relations scholars to create room for knowledge from the perspective of the “non-American” and “non-Western” periphery have implications for Western, particularly American, intellectual hegemony. While inviting a dialogue across the globe, new voices from Asia, Africa, and Latin America are challenging the position of the West’s ideological and cultural dominance. The increasingly multipolar world may be becoming multicultural as well. The (re)emergence of discussion in International Relations theory on roles played by the global core and periphery in forming knowledge about the world raises important questions about the potential of “non-Western” cultures to contribute to global academic developments. If the world is indeed moving away from the U.S. political and intellectual hegemony, what role would local cultures have in knowledge formation? As a “semi-peripheral” nation, Russia may speak on behalf of both the center and peripheral parts of the world, thereby becoming an important voice in the global conversation. This paper reviews discussions among Russian scholars by identifying the dominant schools as Universalist and Pluralist. Both are in favor of Russia’s continued integration with the global IR community, but stress different sides of such integration. While Universalists argue for the ontological and epistemological unity of the world, Pluralists emphasize social, cultural, and intellectual diversity. Based on a survey among those teaching IR theory in Russian educational institutions, the paper also reviews development of the discipline as viewed by the Russian academic community. Russian academics assess the state of IR theory as a crisis relative to intellectual developments in the country’s recent past and abroad. The progress of Russian IR depends on its continued global integration and the development of indigenous Russian political thought.
Identification of Goats’ and Cows’ Milk Protein Profile in Banyumas Regency by Sodium Dedocyl Sulphate Gel Electrophoresis (Sds-Page)
Authors: Widodo Hermawan Setyo , Astuti Triana Yuni , Soediarto Pramono , Syamsi Afduha Nurus
Published: April 2021

Protein is one of the nutrient components in milk that is related to product quality. The components of milk protein are divided into casein alpha-s1, beta, alpha-s2, kappa, and whey fractions such as alpha lactalbumin and beta lactoglobulin. There are no existing data of milk protein fraction in dairy cow and goats in Banyumas Regency. This study aimed to determine the profile in form of protein fractions of cow and goat milk in Banyumas. Milk sample from fifty cows and thirty dairy goats was taken by random sampling in some areas. The milk protein profile was identified by the technique of sodium dodecyl sulphate gel electrophoresis (SDS-PAGE) and protein quantity prediction by software. The data obtained were analyzed statistically by Mann-Whitney between cows and goats. The results were significantly different (p<0.05) between cows and goats in molecular weight of protein alpha-S1 casein (29.66 vs 33.37 kDa), alpha-S2 (27.76 vs 29.49 kDa), beta (24 , 48 vs 25.59 kDa) and beta lactoglobulin (15.75 vs 15.97 kDa). The quantity of casein alpha-S1 (7.88 vs 4.16 g/l), alpha-S2 (1.31 vs. 4.02 g/l), beta (8.74 vs 14.24 g/l), kappa (2.41 vs. 4.28 g/l) and alpha lactalbumin (0.91 vs 0.7 g / l) was significantly different (p <0.05) between cow's and goat's milk, respectively. In conclusion, milk protein profile of cows and goats in Banyumas Regency is different.
The Effect of Hatha Yoga Therapy on the Blood Pressure of Primary Hypertension Patients of Productive Age
Authors: Dharmajaya Ridha , Sitohang Nur Asnah
Published: April 2021

Untreated hypertension can lead to serious complications. One of the nonpharmacological therapies for treating hypertension is hatha yoga. The study aimed to determine the effect of hatha yoga therapy on the blood pressure of those of productive age among primary hypertension patients. The research type was a quasi-experiment with pre-posttest with control group design. The number of study samples was 64 respondents consisting of 32 respondents in the intervention group (who were given 35 minutes of hatha yoga therapy and Amlodipine 5mg/day for 4 weeks) and 32 respondents in the control group who received Amlodipine 5mg/day for 4 weeks. The data analysis used the dependent test (paired t test). The results showed that the mean of systolic and diastolic of blood pressure before the therapy in primary hypertension patients in the intervention group was 161.84 / 93.25 mmHg, while in the control group it was 161.66 / 93.37 mmHg. The mean of the systolic and diastolic blood pressure after therapy in the primary hypertensive patients in the intervention group was 122.87 / 71.69 mmHg, and in the control group it was 127.66 / 73.13 mmHg. The statistical tests using paired t-test showed that the p value was <? = 0.05. In conclusion, hatha yoga therapy has the effect of lowering blood pressure for those of productive age among primary hypertension patients.
THE CALCULATION SYSTEM OF NUMBER OF PEOPLE IN A ROOM BASED ON HUMAN DETECTION USING HAAR-CASCADE CLASSIFIER
Authors: Atmaja Gusti Ngurah Rama Putra , Usman Koredianto , Murti Muhammad Ary
Published: April 2021

Data of number of people in the room, calculations are usually carried out by assigning someone to oversee a room. In this final project, a system for calculating the number of people in the room is designed with image processing based on human detection that can be used in rooms, both for commercial applications and for security. This system uses Raspberry Pi device that already has an image processing method Haar-Cascade Classifier.   Input data is in the form of video taken directly via webcam to be captured into a frame so that it   can be used as a input the Haar-Cascade Classifier method and perform the counting process will be sent to the Antares platform. The system design has been tested with five scenarios. Scenario 1 the effect of the distance of the object, scenario 2 the effect of the pose of the object, scenario 3 the effect of the amount the object in the frame, scenario 4 affects the scale factor and scenario 5 measurement computation time. Scenarios 1 to 3 will do the best configuration for minimum neighbour. The system gets the best accuracy of 98,5% when the object distance 4 meters, the best accuracy of 96,6% when the object is facing forward and accuracy the best is 97,7% when the object in the frame is more than two objects with the best configuration use the minimum neighbour 5. Scenario 4 gets accuracy the best is 76,2% when using the scale factor 1.1. Scenario 5 gets the average computation time of the system is under one second, meaning the detection process done pretty fast.
Antioxidant Effects of the Prenylated Flavonoid, Xanthohumol, on Corneal Epithelial Cells in Experimental Dry Eye Disease
Authors: Ghosh Anita Kirti , Thapa Rubina , Hariani Harsh Nilesh , Volyanyuk Michael , Orloff Karoline Anne , Ankireddy Samatha , Lai Karen , Ziniauskaite Agne , Stubbs Jr Evan Benjamin , Kalesnykas Giedrius , Hakkarainen Jenni Johanna , Langert Kelly Ann , Kaja Simon
Published: April 2021

Elevated levels of oxidative stress in the corneal epithelium contribute to the progression of dry eye disease pathology. Previous studies have shown that antioxidant therapeutic intervention is a promising avenue to reduce disease burden and slow disease progression. In this study, we evaluated the pharmacological efficacy of Xanthohumol in preclinical models for dry eye disease. Xanthohumol is a naturally occurring prenylated chalconoid that promotes the transcription of phase II antioxidant enzymes. Xanthohumol exerted a dose-response in preventing tert-butylhydroxide-induced loss of cell viability in human corneal epithelial (HCE-T) cells and resulted in a significant increase in expression of nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2), the master regulator of the endogenous antioxidant system. Xanthohumol-encapsulating poly(lactic-co-glycolic acid) nanoparticles (PLGA NP) were cytoprotective against oxidative stress in vitro, and significantly reduced corneal fluorescein staining in the mouse desiccating stress/ scopolamine model for dry eye disease in vivo by reducing oxidative stress-associated DNA damage in corneal epithelial cells. PLGA NP represent a safe and efficacious drug delivery vehicle for hydrophobic small molecules to the ocular surface. Optimization of NP-based antioxidant formulations with the goal to minimize instillation frequency may represent future therapeutic options for dry eye disease and related ocular surface disease.
Influence of Fermions on Vortices in SU(2)-QCD
Authors: Dehghan Zeinab , Deldar Sedigheh , Faber Manfried , Golubich Rudolf , Höllwieser Roman
Published: April 2021

Gauge fields control the dynamics of fermions, also a back reaction of fermions on the gauge field is expected. This back reaction is investigated within the vortex picture of the QCD vacuum. We show that the center vortex model reproduces the string tension of the full theory also with the presence of fermionic fields.
Binding of Calcium and Magnesium Ions to Chromophoric Dissolved Organic Matter (CDOM): A Combination of Steady-State and Time-Resolved Fluoresce Study
Authors: Zhang Xu , Liu Juan , Zhou Ruiya
Published: April 2021

Revealing the binding properties of calcium ion (Ca2+) and magnesium ion (Mg2+) to chromophoric dissolved organic matter (CDOM) facilities understanding the effect of natural water composition on the photophysics of dissolved organic matter. Steady-state and time-resolved fluorescence spectrometry, and dynamic light scattering were applied to investigate the fluorescence quenching process of CODM by Ca2+ and Mg2+. The binding of Ca2+ and Mg2+ preferred terrestrial CDOM to aquatic CDOM. The fluorescence quenching of CDOM by cations mainly occurred in a static process, which was based on the fact that the decrease of steady-state fluorescence intensity was greater than fluorescence lifetime. The fluorescence quenching was profound under longer excitation and emission wavelength. The binding constant (K, L/mol) for Ca2+ to CDOM from terrestrial source ranged from 4.29 to 5.09 (lgK), which was approximately one order of magnitude higher than that of Mg2+ to CDOM (3.86 to 4.56). Fluorescence decay became faster in the presence of Ca2+ and Mg2+. Lifetime distribution of CDOM excited states shifted to small value side in the presence of metal ions, particularly for Ca2+, indicating fluorescence quenching of CDOM mainly through the interaction of Ca2+/Mg2+ with relatively long-lived fluorophores.
What Significance Will Digital Twin Have in an Industrial Environment in the Future ?
Authors: Jose Tony , Sagar Gittil
Published: April 2021

This paper is an attempt to forecast the potential application of Digital Twin in an industrial environment by adopting scenario analysis as part of technology monitoring. In recent years Digital Twin has become one of the most emerging topics in both the tech industry and academia. This field is the latest addition to industry 4.0. It has paved a great growth opportunity in the fields of Healthcare, manufacturing, and smart city areas. The Digital twin can be defined as mirroring the physical entities into a virtual environment where the status, health, and control of these entities can be monitored and controlled. It is a field where Artificial intelligence and the Internet of Things play a major role in the handshake between the two environments. In this paper we have done a thorough analysis to find out the possible future outcome of this technology in the manufacturing industry from the perspective of our fictious company. These scenarios expose various challenges and opportunities our organization may face in our future endeavour.
Clean Development Mechanism (CDM) – Based Development of Grid-Connected Rice Husk-Fuelled Bio-Power Plants in Mekong Delta, Vietnam
Authors: Song Nguyen Van , Ha Thai Van , Thuan Tran Duc , Hanh Nguyen Van , Tien Dinh Van , Tiep Nguyen Cong , Hien Nguyen Thi Minh , Huyen Vu Ngoc , Phuong Nguyen Thi Minh , Phuong Pham Thi Lan , Uan Tran Ba , Tu Phan Anh
Published: April 2021

The research is designed for developing the pilot small-scale clean development mechanism bundled project activities in Vietnam electricity/ energy sector. Its overall purpose is to assess the potential of rice husk - fuelled bio-power development projects in Mekong delta. Based on estimating the electricity potential of a bundle of rice husk-fuelled bio-power development projects in Mekong delta with the capacity of 11 MW per project, assessing their CO2 emission reductions (CERs) and CER credits, calculating and comparing their financial indices (NPV, B/C, IRR) in two cases: W/O CDM and W/CDM, the research expects to establish a rice husk energy balance flowchart for the whole Mekong delta in the year 2021 and recommend policies to use for bio-power generation the unused rice husk that is dumped and discharged from local paddy milling centers into rivers and canals, as well as, to put forward a safe and environmentally friendly solution to minimize thoroughly the current serious pollution of rivers and canals in Mekong delta with the increasing unused rice husk quantity in the context is where the sea level rise phenomenon is the strongest in the world .
Effects of Least Cost Homemade Ration on Growth Performance of Sasso and Indigenous Breeds of Chicks
Authors: Gulilat Lemma , Tegegne Firew , Demeke Solomon
Published: April 2021

The objective of this study was to develop the least-cost starter’s diet and evaluated its effect on the growth performance of Sasso breeds and Indigenous ecotype of chicks under the local condition of the South Gondar Zone. The effects of substitution of different levels of commercial starters ration with homemade diet on the growth performance of Sasso and Indigenous chicks were studied in Hiruy Abaregay village of Farta district. The research area is 586km distant from the capital city of Addis Ababa, Ethiopia. A total of 510 Sasso T-44 and 90 Indigenous local ecotypes day-old chicks were randomly divided into five groups, each with 102 and 18 chicks, respectively. These were assigned into five treatments in which 100 (T1), 75 (T2), 50 (T3), 25 (T4), and 0% (T5) of commercial starter’s diet in factorial completely randomized design (CRD) with 3 replications for 60 days feeding period. The results obtained indicated that increased levels of substitution of a commercial diet with a homemade diet significantly depressed (p<0.001) mean daily feed consumption and retention of dry matter, nitrogen, and metabolizable energy. Growth rate as measured by mean daily weight gain, mean final body weight, and total feed consumption and feed cost were significantly miserable (p<0.001) in an increased homemade diet. On the contrary, there was an increase in feed conversion ratio and fiber content in high-level dilution of starter’s commercial diet with a homemade diet. However, the groups of chicks on 0, 25, and 50% commercial starters diets replaced by homemade diet were significantly higher (p<0.001) in mean daily feed intake, daily weight gain, feed conversion ratio, and final body weight attained. The results of this study indicated that up to 50% of expensive commercial starter’s diet could economically be replaced with the least cost homemade diet without adversely affecting the growth performance of chicks.