bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Cyanoacrylate glue in breast surgery: the GLUBREAST Trial
Authors: Esposito Emanuela , Siani Claudio , Donzelli Ivana , Crispo Anna , Coluccia Sergio , Di Gennaro Piergiacomo , Luongo Assunta , Avino Franca , Fucito Alfredo , Marone Ugo , Melucci Maria Teresa , Saponara Ruggero , di Giacomo Raimondo
Published: January 2025

Introduction

In 2018, the National Cancer Institute of Naples has launched the GLUBREAST Trial to verify the efficacy of cyanoacrylate sealing glue to prevent or reduce seroma after axillary dissection in breast surgery. The glue is a synthetic sealant (N-Butyl-2-CyanoAcrylate+Metacryloxisulfolane) biocompatible, CE approved for internal human uses and surgical procedures. The assumed mechanism of action in breast surgery is that the glue would create a seal coating in the operative field to occlude lymphatic leaks and limit seroma formation.

Materials and methods

The trial included 180 patients scheduled for breast-conserving surgery or for radical modified mastectomy without reconstruction. Out of 180 patients, 91 were randomized to receive suction drain and sealant glue after axillary dissection (Experimental Arm), whereas 89 patients (Control Arm) received suction drain without glue.

Statistics

A multivariable mixed effect model on presence of liquid drained and volume drained was calculated. Stratified models by visits were performed.

Results

The trial ended in June 2022. Older age was associated with a higher volume of seroma drained per day (β 0.30; 95% CI: 0.00–0.60). A 5-U increase in body mass index was associated with higher daily drained seroma volume in patients who underwent breast-conserving surgery (β 5.0; 95% CI: 0.62–9.4), but not in patients who underwent mastectomy (β 2.5; 95% CI: −3.6–8.6). We did not find statistically significant differences in presence of liquid drained and volume drained among the study groups. An advantage for the Experimental Arm was observed from third and fourth to fifth outpatient visits without reaching a statistical significance (p=0.069 and p=0.072, respectively); so far, 5% of patients in the Experimental Group had clinical benefit from the glue.

Conclusions

The vast majority of data in the literature come from case series, and surgeons need a higher level of evidence to drive surgical decision-making and choose proper devices to increase patient quality of life. The GLUBREAST randomized trial tested the efficacy of cyanoacrylate sealing glue to prevent postoperative seroma in breast surgery. Although only a small number of patients benefited from sealant application, we regret to say this trial has some limitation, i.e., the prolonged presence of suction drain. Further research is warranted to better clarify the benefit of cyanoacrylate glue in breast surgery.
Burden of esophageal cancer in global, regional and national regions from 1990 to 2021 and its projection until 2050: results from the GBD study 2021
Authors: Zhang Chengcheng , Chen Linzhi , Xiu Yuqi , Zhang Hongling , Zhang Yuejuan , Ying Wenjuan
Published: January 2025

Background

Esophageal cancer (EC) is a major global health issue characterized by high morbidity and mortality rates, with a notably low five-year survival rate. Comprehensive analyses of the global burden of EC remain limited and outdated, despite its global significance. This study aimed to systematically assess the global burden and trends of esophageal cancer across diverse populations.

Methods

Data on the burden of EC were collected from the Global Burden of Disease (GBD) 2021 study, including estimates of incidence, mortality, and disability-adjusted life years (DALYs), as well as risk factors, spanning 204 countries and territories. Age-standardized rates (ASRs) were calculated to allow comparisons across populations. The study further explored the relationship between EC burden and socioeconomic development by utilizing the Socio-demographic Index (SDI), aggregating data by regions. The Bayesian age-period-cohort model was applied to project future trends until 2050.

Results

In 2021, there were 576,529 new esophageal cancer cases, with an age-standardized incidence rate (ASIR) of 6.65 per 100,000, reflecting a 24.87% decrease since 1990. The global number of deaths reached 538,602, with an age-standardized death rate (ASDR) of 6.25 per 100,000, representing a 30.67% decline. DALYs totaled 12,999,264, corresponding to an estimated annual percentage change (EAPC) of a 1.73% decrease in the age-standardized DALYs rate. East Asia accounted for nearly two-thirds of global EC cases and deaths, while Central Sub-Saharan Africa recorded the highest ASIR and ASDR. Central Asia experienced the largest reductions, whereas Western Sub-Saharan Africa showed increasing trends. Middle-SDI countries, such as Malawi and Lesotho, had disproportionately high burdens, while high-SDI countries, including Tunisia and Kuwait, had lower burdens. Males had higher incidence and mortality rates across all age groups. By 2050, the ASIR is projected to decrease to 6.17 per 100,000, and the ASDR to 5.23 per 100,000, though the absolute number of cases and deaths is expected to rise.

Conclusions

The global burden of EC remains significant, with ongoing challenges in regions such as Africa and East Asia. These findings highlight the need for sustained and targeted prevention efforts, particularly in high-risk populations, to address the increasing absolute number of cases and deaths.
Mitochondrial abnormalities as a target of intervention in acute myeloid leukemia
Authors: Tjahjono Elissa , Daneman Megan R. , Meika Bernadetta , Revtovich Alexey V. , Kirienko Natalia V.
Published: January 2025

Acute myeloid leukemia (AML) is an aggressive hematological malignancy; it is the most common acute leukemia in adults. AML prognosis is often poor, and relapse often occurs after initial remission. Recurrent genetic abnormalities underlying this disease and the presence of leukemic stem cells complicate disease treatment. However, the complex metabolic reprogramming that enables the unrestrained cell growth seen in these cells may also be their Achilles’ heel. In these cells, mitophagy operates as a double-edged sword. On one hand, it provides a source of building blocks for further cell division and serves as a method for removing damaged organelles, promoting cell survival. However, the profound metabolic changes to mitochondria also render these organelles more sensitive to damage and place them precariously close to excess mitophagic activation. This review discusses the dual role mitophagy plays in AML survival, the importance of targeting mitophagy to treat AML, and current progress in the area. The discovery and mechanism of action of multiple compounds that were used to inhibit or stimulate mitophagy and their effects on AML survival are also described. Further, we explore the combination strategy of mitophagy-targeting compounds with existing and/or novel chemotherapeutics to eradicate AML and discuss strategies to uncover new drug targets and novel mitochondria-targeting drugs.
Anti-nuclear matrix protein 2 antibody-associated juvenile dermatomyositis with gastrointestinal perforations was successfully treated with traditional therapeutic drugs combined with vedolizumab: a case report after a long-term follow-up and a review of the literature
Authors: Xu Xue-mei , Ye Shuang , Jin Ying-ying , Liu Chen-xi , Bao Sheng-fang , Huang Hua , Ding Fei , Yang Zhen , Jin Yan-liang
Published: January 2025

Gastrointestinal perforation in patients with juvenile dermatomyositis has been reported as a life-threatening complication in the literature. However, effective treatment of juvenile dermatomyositis with gastrointestinal perforation remains challenging. We report the case of a patient who developed intestinal perforation 5 months after being diagnosed with anti-nuclear matrix protein 2 antibody-positive juvenile dermatomyositis. We systematically reviewed the literature on the medical and/or surgical treatment of gastrointestinal perforation in juvenile dermatomyositis. In addition to our case, as of October 2023, we identified 29 cases of gastrointestinal perforation in patients with juvenile dermatomyositis. Current treatment options for gastrointestinal perforation in juvenile dermatomyositis mainly include corticosteroids, methylprednisolone pulses, rituximab, intravenous immunoglobulin, cyclophosphamide, methotrexate, cyclosporine A, mycophenolate mofetil, and other traditional disease-modifying anti-rheumatic drugs. Notably, juvenile dermatomyositis complicated by gastrointestinal perforation is always associated with disease severity and activity. However, these are extremely severe patients who may not respond to treatment with methylprednisolone pulses and rituximab. Given the limited efficacy of conventional high-intensity systemic immunosuppressive therapy for juvenile dermatomyositis with gastrointestinal perforation, there is an urgent need to explore novel therapeutic approaches. We report on the successful use of vedolizumab in combination with corticosteroids, cyclophosphamide, and intravenous immunoglobulin as a novel therapeutic strategy for treating juvenile dermatomyositis complicated by gastrointestinal perforation. Importantly, up to now, there has been no report of juvenile dermatomyositis with gastrointestinal perforation treated with vedolizumab combined with traditional disease-modifying anti-rheumatic drugs in children.
α-methyltryptophan-mediated protection against diabetic nephropathy in db/db mice as studied with a metabolomics approach
Authors: Cai Aimin , Shen Dingchao , Xiong Qiushuang , Ding Jie , Ding Yang , Lin Xinlu , Chen Lijia , Yao Qing , Lin Guangyong , Chen Ruijie , Ganapathy Vadivel , Kou Longfa
Published: January 2025

Introduction

Diabetic nephropathy (DN), a major complication of diabetes, presents with poor clinical outcomes and affects patients throughout their lifetime. α-Methyltryptophan (α-MT) is a blocker of the amino acid transporter. SLC6A14 and also an inhibitor of indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase-1 (IDO1).

Methods

In this study, we employed a nuclear magnetic resonance-based metabolomic approach to investigate the therapeutic effects of α-MT in a db/db mouse model of DN and explore the underlying molecular mechanisms.

Results

The results of the study demonstrated that α-MT significantly reduced the urinary excretion of albumin and creatinine, improved kidney function, and decreased renal fibrosis in db/db mice. Metabolomic analyses of kidney tissues and urine samples indicated that db/db mice displayed increased activity of the enzyme IDO1, and alongside pronounced metabolic disturbances. These disturbances are chiefly characterized by alterations in amino acid metabolism, energy production pathways, membrane biochemical features, and nicotinamide metabolism, all of which have been implicated in mTOR signaling and apoptotic pathways.

Discussion

Administration of α-MT to db/db mice showed evidence of IDO1 inhibition and rectification of metabolic dysfunctions with concurrent suppression of mTOR signaling and apoptosis. These findings highlight the potential of α-MT as a promising therapeutic agent for diabetic nephropathy.
The potential role of nanobodies in asthma therapy
Authors: Khalid Salah Al-Sheakly Baraa , Saheb Sharif-Askari Fatemeh , Saheb Sharif-Askari Narjes , Hundt Jennifer E. , Halwani Rabih
Published: January 2025

Asthma is a chronic inflammatory disease of the airways characterized by bronchoconstriction, airway hyperresponsiveness, and mucus production. The pathophysiology of asthma involves a complex interplay of immune cells and mediators, including cytokines, chemokines, and other inflammatory molecules. Despite advances in asthma management, many patients continue to experience symptoms due to the limitations of current therapies. Monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) targeting specific inflammatory mediators have improved treatment outcomes for some patients, but challenges such as poor tissue penetration and high costs remain. Nanobodies (Nbs), a novel class of single-domain antibodies, offer a promising alternative due to their small size, stability, and potential for enhanced tissue penetration. This review discusses the key mediators involved in asthma, challenges in current treatments, and the potential of Nbs as a new therapeutic strategy. We also explore current studies and innovations in nanobody technology.
4,6-Disubstituted pyrimidine-based microtubule affinity-regulating kinase 4 (MARK4) inhibitors: synthesis, characterization, in-vitro activity and in-silico studies
Authors: Haque Ashanul , Alenezi Khalaf M. , Rasheed Mohd. Saeed Maulana Abdul , Rahman Md. Ataur , Anwar Saleha , Ahamad Shahzaib , Gupta Dinesh
Published: January 2025

Introduction

Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is a neurodegenerative disorder that significantly impacts the cognitive function and memory of a person. Despite the significant research efforts, the ability to completely prevent or effectively treat AD and its related dementias remains limited. Protein kinases are integral to AD pathology and represent promising targets for therapeutic intervention.

Methods

A series of pyrimidine-based compounds 4-(4-(arylsulfonyl)piperazin-1-yl)-6-(thiophen-3-yl)pyrimidine derivatives (8-14) were synthesized and characterised. ATPase inhibition was carried out against the MARK4 enzyme. Molecular docking and molecular dynamics (MD) simulation at 500 ns was carried out against MARK4 (PDB: 5ES1). The drug-likeness feature and toxicity of the molecules were evaluated using QikProp and other tools.

Results

Compounds were synthesized following a multi-step approach and characterized using multi-nuclear magnetic resonance (1H/13C-NMR) and mass spectrometry. ATPase inhibition assay of the compounds against MARK4 showed an IC50 value in the micromolar (μM) range. The results of the docking studies were consistent with the in-vitro experiments and identified (9) and (14) as the candidates with the highest affinity towards MARK4. MD simulation further supported these results, showing that the binding of ligands stabilises the target protein.

Conclusion

Using experimental and theoretical approaches, we demonstrated that the reported class of pyrimidine derivatives are an excellent starting point for developing the next-generation anti-AD drugs.
Efficacy and safety of tenofovir and entecavir in patients with chronic hepatitis B-related cirrhosis: a systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Cao Lu , Li Li , Yang Lixing , Zhou Nan , Zhang Yu
Published: January 2025

Objectives

To systematically evaluate the efficacy and safety of tenofovir and entecavir in chronic hepatitis B-related cirrhosis.

Methods

A comprehensive search was conducted in databases including PubMed, Web of Science, Embase and Cochrane Library from the inception until June 2024. Studies on the use of tenofovir and entecavir for chronic hepatitis B-related cirrhosis were collected.

Results

A total of 14 studies involving 14,208 patients were included. The meta-analysis revealed that tenofovir significantly reduced the cumulative incidence of hepatocellular carcinoma and cumulative mortality compared to entecavir in East Asian popupation, while in non East Asian populations, the two groups are roughly equivalent. After 48 weeks, the hepatitis B virus-deoxyribonucleic acid clearance rate in the tenofovir group were comparable to the entecavir group. Both tenofovir and entecavir showed similar effect in reducing the incidence of hepatic encephalopathy. Compared with the entecavir group, patients in the tenofovir group, including tenofovir disoproxil fumarate and tenofovir alafenamide fumarate showed a significant increase in estimated glomerular filtration rate after 48 weeks of treatment.

Conclusion

Compared to entecavir, tenofovir significantly reduced the cumulative incidence of hepatocellular carcinoma and cumulative mortality in chronic hepatitis B-related cirrhosis in East Asian population. However, both drugs were comparable in terms of hepatitis B virus-deoxyribonucleic acid clearance and hepatic encephalopathy. Tenofovir did not significantly cause renal dysfunction, but instead improved estimated glomerular filtration rate levels compared with entecavir. Randomized controlled trials with larger sample size are still needed for validation.

Systematic Review Registration

https://www.crd.york.ac.uk/prospero/, identifier CRD42024588432.
Effects of microbial biocontrol agents on tea plantation microecology and tea plant metabolism: a review
Authors: Xie Yixin , Cao Chunxia , Huang Daye , Gong Yan , Wang Beibei
Published: January 2025

The quality of fresh tea leaves is crucial to the final product, and maintaining microbial stability in tea plantations is essential for optimal plant growth. Unique microbial communities play a critical role in shaping tea flavor and enhancing plant resilience against biotic stressors. Tea production is frequently challenged by pests and diseases, which can compromise both yield and quality. While biotic stress generally has detrimental effects on plants, it also activates defense metabolic pathways, leading to shifts in microbial communities. Microbial biocontrol agents (MBCAs), including entomopathogenic and antagonistic microorganisms, present a promising alternative to synthetic pesticides for mitigating these stresses. In addition to controlling pests and diseases, MBCAs can influence the composition of tea plant microbial communities, potentially enhancing plant health and resilience. However, despite significant advances in laboratory research, the field-level impacts of MBCAs on tea plant microecology remain insufficiently explored. This review provides insights into the interactions among tea plants, insects, and microorganisms, offering strategies to improve pest and disease management in tea plantations.
Combining extraction and cultivation methods for soil seed bank analysis increases number of captured species and their similarity to above-ground vegetation
Authors: Plohák Petr , Švehláková Hana , Stalmachová Barbara , Goňo Miroslava , Dvorský Tomáš
Published: January 2025

Introduction

Analysis of aboveground vegetation and soil seed bank is an important source of data on the state and dynamics of vegetation. It is especially important in landscapes exposed to disturbances, which have lost their functions. For our research, a post-mining area in the region of the Upper Silesian Black Coal Basin was selected, whose relief and ecosystems are strongly disturbed by underground mining and are currently also affected by ongoing climate change.

Method

Data collection for our research took place in the territory of two waterlogged subsidence basins in the Karvina region, Czech Republic. We evaluated 30 phytosociological releves using techniques of Zurich – Montpellier school and 540 soil cores using cultivation and extraction method.

Results

In the above-ground vegetation, 115 plant species were identified. By cultivating soil samples, we determined 60 species from 1,487 seedlings, by extraction method 66 species from 5,999 seeds. A statistically significant effect of the presence of the tree layer on the number of species obtained by the extraction method was demonstrated. There is also a statistically significant difference between the selected analysis methods in terms of the length of the captured seeds and their seed mass.

Discussion

The construction of a rarefaction curve demonstrated that the use of cultivation and extraction methods leads to a greater capture of soil seed bank species. The similarity between the species composition of aboveground vegetation and the soil seed bank correspond to similarities observed in other studies from degraded habitats. Very low similarity between the species of the soil seed bank from cultivation and extraction method is probably caused by the highly variable distribution of seeds in the soil in time and space.
Enhancing drought tolerance in horticultural plants through plant hormones: a strategic coping mechanism
Authors: Huang Shanxia , Jin Songheng
Published: January 2025

Abiotic stresses are considered as a significant factor restricting horticultural crop productivity and quality. Drought stress is a major environmental constraint among the emerging concerns. Plants have significant susceptibility to drought stress, resulting in a marked decline in production during the last several decades. The development of effective strategies to mitigate drought stress is essential for sustainable agriculture and food security, especially considering the continuous growth of the world population. Several studies suggested that exogenous application of phytohormone to plants can improve drought stress tolerance by activating molecular and physiological defense systems. Phytohormone pretreatment is considered a potential approach for alleviating drought stress in horticultural plants. In addition, melatonin, salicylic acid, jasmonates, strigolactones, brassinosteroids, and gamma-aminobutyric acid are essential phytohormones that function as growth regulators and mitigate the effects of drought stress. These hormones frequently interact with one another to improve the survival of plants in drought-stressed environments. To sum up, this review will predominantly elucidate the role of phytohormones and related mechanisms in drought tolerance across various horticulture crop species.
Features and evolutionary adaptations of the mitochondrial genome of Garuga forrestii W. W. Sm
Authors: Chen Rong , Rao Rui , Wang Chun , Zhu Dongbo , Yuan Fen , Yue Liangliang
Published: January 2025

Introduction

Garuga forrestii W. W. Sm. is a tree species of the Burseraceae family, endemic to China, found in hot/warm-dry valleys. This species plays a crucial role in maintaining biodiversity in these ecosystems.

Methods

We performed de novo assembly of the Garuga forrestii mitochondrial genome using PMAT (v.1.5.4), resulting in a typical circular molecule of 606,853 bp. The genome consists of 31 tRNA genes, 3 rRNA genes, 35 protein-coding genes, and 1 pseudogene. The study also investigates RNA editing sites and evolutionary patterns.

Results

The mitochondrial genome exhibits a low proportion of repetitive sequences (3.30%), suggesting a highly conserved structure. A high copy number of the trnM-CAT gene (4 copies) is noted, which may contribute to genomic rearrangement and adaptive evolution. Among the 476 RNA editing sites, hydrophilic-hydrophobic and hydrophobic-hydrophobic editing events are most common, accounting for 77.10%. Negative selection predominates among most genes (Ka/Ks < 1), while a few genes (e.g., matR, nad3, rps1, rps12, and rps4) show signs of positive selection (Ka/Ks > 1), potentially conferring evolutionary advantages. Additionally, a significant A/T bias is observed at the third codon position. Phylogenomic analysis supports the APG IV classification, with no evidence of horizontal gene transfer.

Discussion

This mitochondrial genome offers valuable insights into the adaptive mechanisms and evolutionary processes of Garuga forrestii. It enhances our understanding of the species' biogeography in tropical Southeast Asia and Southwest China, providing key information on the evolutionary history of this genus.
Chinese cabbage orphan gene BR3 confers bolting resistance to Arabidopsis through the gibberellin pathway
Authors: Zhang Yuting , Jiang Mingliang , Sun Shurui , Zhan Zongxiang , Li Xiaonan , Piao Zhongyun
Published: January 2025

Premature bolting reduces the yield and quality of Chinese cabbage, making bolting resistance gene identification crucial for breeding superior and stable varieties. In this study, we identified an orphan gene BOLTING RESISTANCE 3 (BR3) that positively regulates bolting resistance in Arabidopsis thaliana. The expression of BR3 was developmentally regulated and occurred during the seedling and flowering stages. The BR3 protein was localized to both the plasma membrane and nucleus. Arabidopsis BR3 overexpressing (BR3OE) plants exhibited delayed bolting and flowering times, an increased number of rosette leaves, reduced plant height, and fewer siliques under long-day (LD) conditions. Key flowering genes were significantly downregulated in BR3OE plants. BR3OE plants similarly exhibited delayed bolting and flowering times, and an increased number of rosette leaves under short-day (SD) conditions. BR3OE plants showed no significant phenotypic differences after vernalization treatment. BR3OE and WT plants exhibited early flowering after GA3 treatment, and bolting and flowering time remained delayed in BR3OE plants compared with WT plants. Key DELLA genes BrRGA1 and BrRGL3 exhibited a co-expression pattern consistent with BR3 gene in Chinese cabbage, which suggested that BrRGA1 and BrRGL3 genes may directly or indirectly regulated by BR3 gene. BR3 gene increased bolting resistance perhaps by upregulating the expression of DELLA genes in the GA pathway. This study provides new theoretical insights for addressing premature bolting in Chinese cabbage and offers novel approaches for breeding bolting-resistant varieties.
How drinking motives mediate associations between sexual orientation and indicators of alcohol use – a study among young Swiss men
Authors: Wicki Matthias , Marmet Simon , Studer Joseph , Bloomfield Kim , Gmel Gerhard
Published: January 2025

Background

Individuals with a minority sexual orientation have consistently been found to face a greater risk of mental health problems and problematic substance use than heterosexual individuals. The present study examined whether differences in alcohol use or alcohol use disorder (AUD) symptoms across the spectrum of sexual orientations could be explained by drinking motives (i.e., enhancement, social, coping and conformity motives).

Method

A non-self-selective sample of non-abstinent, young Swiss men (N = 5,139; mean age = 25.4, SD = 1.25) completed a self-reporting questionnaire on sexual orientation (on a five-point attraction scale: heterosexual, mostly-heterosexual, bisexual, mostly-homosexual, homosexual), drinking motives, alcohol use indicators (e.g., heavy episodic drinking, Alcohol Use Disorders Identification Test-Consumption [AUDIT-C]), and AUD symptoms. Structural equation modeling was used to test whether drinking motives mediated the associations between dummy-coded sexual orientation (with heterosexual men as the reference) and alcohol use indicators or AUD symptoms.

Results

Mostly-heterosexual men exhibited higher scores on alcohol use indicators than heterosexual men, with almost full mediation through their drinking motives, specifically higher enhancement motives. They also reported more AUD symptoms, partially mediated through drinking motives, with comparable contributions from enhancement and coping motives. Homosexual men, however, displayed similar or lower scores for alcohol use indicators and AUD symptoms than heterosexual men, but these differences were not mediated by drinking motives. Indeed, homosexual men exhibited greater coping motives than heterosexual men. No significant results or discernible patterns emerged for bisexual or mostly-homosexual men.

Discussion

These findings highlight the importance of considering the full spectrum of sexual orientations in healthcare and of broadening the focus on drinking motives beyond coping. Understanding the varied motives for alcohol use across the spectrum of sexual orientations facilitates tailored prevention strategies.
Cross-cultural validation and psychometric properties study of the Chinese college students’ life skills scale for sport—transfer scale
Authors: Luo Lin , He Meilin , Wen Shaojing , Yuan Junfeng , Xu Huilin
Published: January 2025

Introduction

This study aimed to conduct a cross-cultural validation of the Life Skills Scale for Sport—Transfer Scale (LSSS-TS) among Chinese college students and examine its psychometric properties.

Methods

The study was conducted in three phases. In the first phase, four translation experts and five academic researchers collaborated to develop the Chinese version of the scale (C-LSSS-TS). Expert evaluations and feedback from 25 participants engaged in sports activities provided preliminary evidence for the scale’s construct validity. In the second phase, 409 participants were recruited, and factor analysis was performed to validate the structural dimensions of the scale. In the third phase, 168 participants completed both the C-LSSS-TS and a standard Life Skills Scale to examine the external construct validity.

Results

The results demonstrated significant positive correlations between the subscales of sports transferable life skills and participants’ overall life skills development. These findings provided robust evidence for the structural validity of the C LSSS-TS.

Conclusion

The C-LSSS-TS is a valid and practical tool for assessing life skills development among Chinese college sports participants. It offers researchers and practitioners an effective instrument to promote and evaluate life skills development in college students.
Improving birth preparation with the hypnosis online course “The Peaceful Birth”: a randomized controlled study
Authors: Motz Luisa , Brückner Rosa Marie , Schmidt Barbara
Published: January 2025

Objective

Stress, anxiety, and birth-related expectations affect the way women experience birth. In this study, we evaluate the German online hypnosis program “The Peaceful Birth” (“Die Friedliche Geburt”) to find out if it reduces stress, anxiety, and pain during pregnancy. We randomized pregnant women into a hypnosis and a control group and surveyed them via online questionnaires during their pregnancy and after their birth using standardized questionnaires.

Methods

We included 221 pregnant women and assigned 110 women to a hypnosis and 111 women to a control group. At four measurement points before and after birth, we surveyed all study participants. We used the Perceived Stress Scale to measure stress experiences and the Wijma Delivery Expectancy/Experience Questionnaire to assess childbirth expectations and experiences.

Results

We show that stress was significantly reduced in the hypnosis group before and after birth compared to the control group (p = 0.019) and childbirth expectations were significantly more positive compared to the control group after starting the hypnosis online course (p = 0.002). Subjective health ratings in the hypnosis group improved significantly compared to the control group before childbirth (p = 0.002). Furthermore, women in the hypnosis group described childbirth experience as significantly more positive concerning fear (p = 0.007), loneliness (p = 0.025), and self-efficacy (p = 0.047) compared to the control group. We show that the improvement of childbirth experience is causally related to more positive childbirth expectations. However, we found no significant group differences in the experience of pain (p = 0.08).

Conclusion

Pregnant women preparing for birth with the hypnosis online course “The Peaceful Birth” showed significantly improved birth preparation showing lower stress, more positive birth expectation and experience compared to a control group. The hypnosis online course is therefore an efficient low-threshold method to enhance healthcare for expectant mothers.
Brain function abnormalities and inflammation in HIV-positive men who have sex with men with depressive disorders
Authors: Zhang Yang , He Yihui , Fang Yuan , Cai Miaotian , Sun Guangqiang , Wang Rui , Zhen Jiaxin , Zhang Yulin , Li Zhen , Ma Yundong , Zhang Tong
Published: January 2025

Background

Depressive disorders are highly prevalent among people with HIV (PWH) and are related to aberrant inflammation and immune responses. However, there is currently a lack of investigation into the neurological, inflammatory, endocrine, and immune aspects of HIV-associated depressive disorders (HADD).

Methods

The study involved 33 HIV-positive men who have sex with men with depressive disorders (HADD group) and 47 without neuropsychiatric disorders (HIV control group). Participants underwent resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging (rs-fMRI) scans and assessments of peripheral blood. Peripheral blood cytokines, plasma concentrations of hormone and neurotrophic factors, and immune cell levels were determined using liquid chip, enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay, and flow cytometry, respectively. The correlation of imaging alterations with clinical variables and peripheral blood indicators was assessed.

Results

Compared to the HIV control group, the HADD group exhibited a higher fractional amplitude of low-frequency fluctuations in the left superior parietal gyrus, lower regional homogeneity in the left precentral gyrus, and reduced voxel-wise functional connectivity for the seed region in the right precentral gyrus with clusters in the right cuneus, etc. Furthermore, the HADD group had higher levels of interferon-gamma, a higher frequency of non-classical monocytes, and higher expression levels of perforin and CD38 on specific cells. These imaging results were significantly correlated with peripheral blood indicators and clinical variables.

Conclusion

This rs-fMRI study provides considerable evidence for abnormal intrinsic brain activity in people with HADD. Furthermore, our data also indicate the detrimental effects of depression-related inflammation on PWH. Therefore, it is imperative to increase attention to HADD and implement effective preventive interventions accordingly.
Occupational violence toward mental health professionals during the COVID-19 pandemic: an international study
Authors: Robles Rebeca , Kogan Cary S. , Medina-Mora María Elena , García-Pacheco José Ángel , Rebello Tahilia J. , Khoury Brigitte , Kulygina Maya , Reed Geoffrey M.
Published: January 2025

Introduction

According to pre-COVID-19 pandemic studies, occupational violence (OV) toward mental healthcare professionals (MHCPs) is a common phenomenon with important consequences for their own mental health. This study sought to assess the prevalence of different types and sources of OV toward MHCPs during the COVID-19 pandemic, analyze the risk for OV conferred by relevant factors, and compare the emotional distress reported by MHCPs with and without OV.

Methods

The study is an international cross-sectional Internet-based study completed by 3,325 MHCPs having provided direct clinical services during the COVID-19 pandemic.

Results

13.11% experienced OV. The most frequent type/source of OV was psychological violence inside the workplace (59.6% of those who reported OV). Risk factors for any type/source of OV being younger, working in emergency services, treating COVID-19 patients, and living in a lower to upper middle-income country. Emotional distress was higher in those who had experienced OV. Risk factors for emotional distress among those reporting OV included being younger and having experienced physical violence outside the workplace.

Discussion

Approximately one in ten MHCP experienced OV during the COVID-19 pandemic. This figure is consistent with the range of OV against MHCPs reported prior to the pandemic and indicates that efforts are needed to prevent and manage OV and its negative emotional consequences among MHCP, particularly in aforementioned high-risk groups during health emergencies, and addressing both proximal and distal environmental factors related to OV toward MHCPs.
Treatment of a schizophrenia patient on long-term super-dose antipsychotics: a case report
Authors: Xie Xiaobo , Chen Jinzhang , Song Hongli , Fan Zebin
Published: January 2025

Introduction

Clozapine and chlorpromazine are widely used for treating schizophrenia. However, irregular medical follow-ups are common in patients with schizophrenia, potentially leading to long-term super-dose medication. Managing such cases poses significant challenges for clinical psychiatrists.

Case presentation

This report describes a 24-year-old Han Chinese male diagnosed with schizophrenia who had been taking long-term super-doses of clozapine (18–107 tablets/day, 25 mg/tablet) and chlorpromazine (7–40 tablets/day, 50 mg/tablet) for five months due to irregular medical follow-ups. Upon hospitalization, the doses of antipsychotic drugs were gradually tapered, and the medication regimen was adjusted based on the patient’s previous treatment history. Comprehensive health education about schizophrenia was also provided. The patient was followed for four years, during which his psychiatric symptoms remained under partial control.

Conclusion

Clinicians must consider individual differences in the efficacy and adverse effects of antipsychotics and weigh the benefits and risks of combination therapy. Future efforts should focus on strengthening health education for patients with schizophrenia and their families to improve treatment compliance and outcomes.
Practice of balanced scorecard implementation and its contributing factors among public primary hospital professionals in Central Gondar zone, Northwest Ethiopia
Authors: Yeshaw Seid , Asrade Geta , Hagos Asebe , Chanie Muluken Genetu , Worku Nigusu
Published: January 2025

Background

Globally, a Balanced Scorecard (BSC) is used to measure healthcare institutional performance. Thus, since 2010, Ethiopia has adopted and implemented BSC in all its civil service organizations. Ineffective implementation of this tool has a significant impact on the healthcare performance. The health sector’s healthcare provision, customer satisfaction, customer retention, organizational profit, changes and improvements in the healthcare delivery practice are affected by the implementation of BSC tools. However, no evidence or study indicates the implementation of BSC practice in the Ethiopian context. Thus, this study aimed to assess the magnitude of BSC implementation practice and associated factors among healthcare providers at public primary hospitals in the Central Gondar zone, Northwest Ethiopia.

Methods

A mixed methods study was carried out at public primary hospitals from May 25 to June 26, 2022, in Central Gondar zone with 404 study participants. Study participants were selected using a systematic random sampling technique for the quantitative part, and 12 study subjects were chosen purposively for the qualitative part. Bi-variable and multivariable logistic regression analyses were done. The strength of associations was measured using the adjusted odds ratio (AOR) at 95% CI and a p-value of less than 0.05 in the multivariable analysis to declare significant factors. Thematic analysis was applied for the qualitative data using open code 4.03 version software.

Results

The implementation practice of BSC was found at 48.5% (95% CI: 43.6, 53.4%) with a response rate of 95.28%. Teamwork (AOR: 2.68, 95% CI; 1.53, 4.69), organizational communication (AOR: 3.24, 95% CI: 1.79, 5.89), and availability of infrastructure (AOR: 2.03, 95% CI; 1.14, 3.64) were significantly associated to balanced scorecard implementation practice.

Conclusion

The implementation practice of BSC was poor compared to the national standard and the findings of prior studies. Thus, concerned stakeholders need to focus on improving and working on organizational communication channels, teamwork, and infrastructure fulfilment to facilitate the implementation practice of a balanced scorecard.
Self-compassion and work engagement among clinical nurses: the mediating role of moral resilience
Authors: Liu Xingxing , He Fang , Tian Tian , Zhang Jun , Ji Yuanjiao , Zhong Yuexia
Published: January 2025

Background

As the workload of clinical nursing continues to increase, the mental health of nurses has emerged as a critical area of concern. Self-compassion, moral resilience, and work engagement are essential components in enhancing the mental health of clinical nurses. Although it is well-established that self-compassion significantly contributes to improved work engagement, there remains a notable lack of research investigating the specific mechanisms through which self-compassion influences work engagement, particularly from the perspective of moral resilience. This study aimed to address this gap by examining the relationships among self-compassion, moral resilience, and work engagement in clinical nurses, while also validating the mediating role of moral resilience in the relationship between self-compassion and work engagement.

Methods

This study utilized a convenience sampling method to conduct a cross-sectional online survey involving 844 clinical nurses from four tertiary A hospitals in Xi’an, China, between January and March 2024. Participants completed self-report questionnaires that included the Self-Compassion Scale, the Rushton Moral Resilience Scale, and the Utrecht Work Engagement Scale. The data analysis involved descriptive statistics, the Mann–Whitney U test, the Kruskal-Wallis H rank-sum test, Spearman correlation analysis, and the SPSS PROCESS macro.

Results

A significant positive correlation was observed between clinical nurses’ self-compassion and moral resilience (r = 0.700, p < 0.01). Additionally, a significant positive correlation was identified between self-compassion and work engagement (r = 0.455, p < 0.01). Furthermore, there was a significant positive correlation between moral resilience and work engagement (r = 0.510, p < 0.01). Mediation analysis indicated that moral resilience partially mediates the relationship between clinical nurses’ self-compassion and work engagement. The overall effect of self-compassion on work engagement (β = 0.493) consists of both a direct effect (β = 0.251) and an indirect effect mediated by moral resilience (β = 0.242). Notably, the mediating effect accounts for 49.09% of the total effect.

Conclusion

Clinical nurses’ moral resilience plays a mediating role in the relationship between self-compassion and work engagement. Nursing managers should prioritize fostering and enhancing the self-compassion and moral resilience of clinical nurses to effectively elevate their levels of work engagement. These targeted interventions can ultimately improve not only the mental health and professional well-being of nurses but also the overall quality of care delivered in medical institutions.
Impact of subgingival periodontal treatment on systemic markers of inflammation in patients with metabolic syndrome: a systematic review of randomized clinical trials
Authors: Chavez Marie , Ramirez Asshly , Hernández-Vásquez Akram , Comandé Daniel , Azañedo Diego
Published: January 2025

Introduction

This study synthesizes evidence on the impact of subgingival periodontal treatment combined with antibiotics on reducing systemic inflammation markers—C-reactive protein (CRP), interleukins, and tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α)—in patients with metabolic syndrome (MS) and periodontal disease (PD), compared to supragingival periodontal treatment with placebo.

Methods

Randomized clinical trials (RCTs) published in English, Spanish, or Portuguese that addressed the research question were included. A search was conducted in eight databases (PubMed, EMBASE, CINAHL, LILACS, Scopus, WoS Core Collection, Dentistry & Oral Science Source, and Cochrane Central) on June 20, 2023. Risk of bias was assessed using the Cochrane RoB 2 tool, and evidence certainty was evaluated following GRADE guidelines. A qualitative synthesis of the evidence was performed.

Results

Two RCTs with 228 participants (ages 35–65) were included. Montero et al. reported significant reductions in CRP levels favoring the treatment group at 3 months (2.7 mg/L ± SE: 0.4 vs. 3.9 mg/L ± SE: 0.6; p = 0.001) and 6 months (2.9 mg/L ± SE: 0.4 vs. 4.0 mg/L ± SE: 0.8; p = 0.004). Lopez et al., however, found no significant differences throughout follow-up. Only Montero et al. reported on interleukin 1β and TNF-α, observing significant reductions at 3 months for interleukin 1β (0.9 pg/dl ± SE: 0.1 vs. 2.3 pg/dl ± SE: 0.5; p = 0.046) and TNF-α (6.4 pg/dl ± SE: 0.8 vs. 10.0 pg/dl ± SE: 2.3; p = 0.037).

Discussion

The evidence is limited by the small number of comparative RCTs. One RCT with low risk of bias demonstrated significant reductions in CRP, interleukins, and TNF-α levels at 3 months and CRP at 6 months. The other, with unclear risk of bias, showed no differences in CRP up to 12 months. Findings suggest that subgingival periodontal treatment with antibiotics reduces systemic inflammation for up to 6 months in patients with MS and PD. However, larger RCTs with standardized methods and longer follow-up are needed to confirm these results.

Systematic Review Registration

https://www.crd.york.ac.uk/prospero/display_record.php?ID=CRD42022366056, PROSPERO (CRD42022366056).
The effects of weather on physical activity and sedentary behaviour in older adults
Authors: Crosby Kathryn M. , Adams Brittany , Zambrano Garza Elizabeth , Bourbonnais Mathieu L. , Fenton Melanie , Hoppmann Christiane , Jakobi Jennifer M.
Published: January 2025

Background

Many older adults do not meet current physical activity (PA) guidelines, and this might be influenced by environmental factors (e.g., temperature). The purpose of this study was to determine how various weather variables influence light PA (LPA), moderate-vigorous PA (MVPA), and sedentary behaviour (SB), steps, and time spent walking outdoors.

Methods

Fifty community-dwelling older adults completed the 10-day assessment period, using a Fitbit fitness tracker, Global Position System (GPS), and completing self-report questionnaires. Forty participants were included in the analysis. LPA, MVPA, and SB were calculated using heart rate and multilevel models were used to assess their association with weather variables.

Results

Number of steps was positively associated with self-reported health status (0.18, p < 0.01). Increased age was associated with less time spent engaging in LPA (total and outdoors), reduced steps, increased time spent sedentary, and less time spent walking outdoors. LPA outdoors was positively associated with mean temperature. Freeze thaw cycles were associated with time spent walking outdoors. Females spent more time in total LPA and LPA indoors, and as age increased total LPA and LPA outdoors decreased.

Conclusions

Older adults located in a dry (∼690 mm precipitation annually) region with warm winters and hot summers (−5°C–30°C) seemingly choose indoor activities. Females tend to participate in indoor LPA, and as age increases the time spent in outdoor LPA decreases.

Implications

Consideration needs to be given to designing indoor PA interventions, with a focus on increasing MVPA for older adults.
Efficacy of a new treatment algorithm for capsulitis of the fingers in rock climbers
Authors: Schöffl Volker Rainer , Lutter Christoph , Lang Hans-Christoph , Perl Mario , Moser Othmar , Simon Michael
Published: January 2025

Background

Although finger joint capsulitis has been described among the most frequent injuries in climbers, no clinical studies on treatment strategies and outcomes are available.

Study design

Prospective case series study.

Methods

Between 2015 and 2018 we prospectively treated 50 patients (38 male, 12 female) with a total number of 69 independent finger joint capsulitis according to a clinic specific treatment regimen and evaluated the outcome retrospectively. Therapy consisted of either conservative management, steroid injections, radiosynoviorthesis or a combination depending on the treatment regimen, prior therapy and timeline of symptoms. Outcomes were assessed using visual analogue scale (VAS), Buck-Gramcko score and a climbing specific outcome score with secondary patient recall.

Results

The proximal interphalangeal joint of the middle finger was the most commonly affected joint, and there was no correlation with osteoarthritis. All climbers returned to sport within 12 months. The majority were able to maintain their level of performance after injury and the difference in climbing level before and after injury was not statistically significant (p = 0.22). The total time spent climbing was significantly less after the injury than before the injury (p < 0.001). The Buck-Gramcko score showed excellent results. The overall functional outcome was good to very good with a mean score of 1.6 ± 0.7, as was the climbing specific score of 1.7 ± 0.9. Pain was significantly less after treatment than before (p < 0.001).

Conclusion

Good to very good functional and sport-specific outcomes were seen with the stage-specific treatment regimen presented, allowing all patients studied to resume climbing. A better understanding of the underlying pathogenesis is essential in order to better assess long-term progress.