bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Tribute to R. G. Boutilier: The effect of size on the physiological and behavioural responses of oscar,Astronotus ocellatus, to hypoxia
Authors: Sloman Katherine A. , Wood Chris M. , Scott Graham R. , Wood Sylvia , Kajimura Makiko , Johannsson Ora E. , Almeida-Val Vera M. F. , Val Adalberto L.
Published: March 2006

The physiological and behavioural responses of two size groups of oscar(Astronotus ocellatus) to hypoxia were studied. The physiological responses were tested by measuring ṀO2 during decreasing environmental oxygen tensions. Larger oscars were better able to maintain oxygen consumption during a decrease in PO2, regulating routine ṀO2 to a significantly lower PO2 threshold (50 mmHg)than smaller oscars (70 mmHg). Previous studies have also demonstrated a longer survival time of large oscars exposed to extreme hypoxia, coupled with a greater anaerobic enzymatic capability. Large oscars began aquatic surface respiration (ASR) at the oxygen tension at which the first significant decrease in ṀO2was seen (50 mmHg). Interestingly, smaller oscars postponed ASR to around 22 mmHg, well beyond the PO2 at which they switched from oxyregulation to oxyconformation. Additionally, when given the choice between an hypoxic environment containing aquatic macrophyte shelter and an open normoxic environment, small fish showed a greater preference for the hypoxic environment. Thus shelter from predators appears particularly important for juveniles, who may accept a greater physiological compromise in exchange for safety. In response to hypoxia without available shelter, larger fish reduced their level of activity (with the exception of aggressive encounters) to aid metabolic suppression whereas smaller oscars increased their activity, with the potential benefit of finding oxygen-rich areas.
Effects of acclimation temperature and cadmium exposure on cellular energy budgets in the marine molluskCrassostrea virginica: linking cellular and mitochondrial responses
Authors: Cherkasov Anton S. , Biswas Pradip K. , Ridings Daisy M. , Ringwood Amy H. , Sokolova Inna M.
Published: March 2006

In order to understand the role of metabolic regulation in environmental stress tolerance, a comprehensive analysis of demand-side effects (i.e. changes in energy demands for basal maintenance) and supply-side effects (i.e. metabolic capacity to provide ATP to cover the energy demand) of environmental stressors is required. We have studied the effects of temperature (12, 20 and 28°C) and exposure to a trace metal, cadmium (50 μg l–1), on the cellular energy budget of a model marine poikilotherm, Crassostrea virginica (eastern oysters), using oxygen demand for ATP turnover, protein synthesis, mitochondrial proton leak and non-mitochondrial respiration in isolated gill and hepatopancreas cells as demand-side endpoints and mitochondrial oxidation capacity, abundance and fractional volume as supply-side endpoints. Cadmium exposure and high acclimation temperatures resulted in a strong increase of oxygen demand in gill and hepatopancreas cells of oysters. Cd-induced increases in cellular energy demand were significant at 12 and 20°C but not at 28°C,possibly indicating a metabolic capacity limitation at the highest temperature. Elevated cellular demand in cells from Cd-exposed oysters was associated with a 2–6-fold increase in protein synthesis and, at cold acclimation temperatures, with a 1.5-fold elevated mitochondrial proton leak. Cellular aerobic capacity, as indicated by mitochondrial oxidation capacity,abundance and volume, did not increase in parallel to compensate for the elevated energy demand. Mitochondrial oxidation capacity was reduced in 28°C-acclimated oysters, and mitochondrial abundance decreased in Cd-exposed oysters, with a stronger decrease (by 20–24%) in warm-acclimated oysters compared with cold-acclimated ones (by 8–13%). These data provide a mechanistic basis for synergism between temperature and cadmium stress on metabolism of marine poikilotherms. Exposure to combined temperature and cadmium stress may result in a strong energy deficiency due to the elevated energy demand on one hand and a reduced mitochondrial capacity to cover this demand on the other hand, which may have important implications for surviving seasonally and/or globally elevated temperatures in polluted estuaries.
Field Measurement of Wayside Low-Frequency Noise Emitted from Tunnel Portals and Trains of High-Speed Railway
Authors: Kikuchi K. , Iida M. , Takasaki T. , Takami H.
Published: March 2006

In order to determine the actual circumstances of wayside low-frequency noise and infrasound generated by high-speed trains (Shinkansen), field measurements were performed at two sites, one near a tunnel portal and the other in a fully open section. The measurements were based upon the manual issued by the Ministry of the Environment of Japan in October 2000 and conducted to obtain G-weighted SPL, 1/3-octave band spectra, velocity dependence and distance attenuation of SPL. The measured results show that major components of the low-frequency noise from the tunnel portal are impulsive micro-pressure waves and continuous pressure waves, while those in the open section are near-field hydrodynamic pressure variations and far-field acoustic pressure waves.
New Analytical Method for Modeling Active Structure Acoustic Control System within an Irregular Enclosure
Authors: Zhang Su , Chen Nan
Published: March 2006

A new analytical method for the acoustic-structure coupled problem within an irregular enclosure, which has both inner sound sources, and exterior forces exciting it, was developed based on a method called the covering domain method. The method is not only more accurate and faster than numerical methods, such as FEM/BEM, but also can be used to solve acoustic-structure coupled problems within any irregular enclosure in a convenient way, that are impossible for the traditional analytical method. The model for, the active structure acoustic control (ASAC) system of an irregular enclosure based on the method above was founded, and then the optimized actuators outputs were given, which is the key step for ASAC system design. Then the method was applied to a car-like-cavity and it was found that the simulation result is quite good and shows us this new general analytical method for solving active structure acoustic control problems within an irregular enclosure considering acoustic-structure coupling to be quite effective and fit for any irregular enclosure.
Dynamic Properties of the Biomechanical Model of the Human Body-Influence of Posture and Direction of Vibration Stress
Authors: Fritz Martin
Published: March 2006

Previous studies have shown that exposure to whole-body vibration can interfere with comfort, activities, and health. In analogy to materials handling it is assumed that the elevated spinal forces are a crucial component in the pathogenesis of the health impairment. To estimate the forces a biomechanical model was developed. In the model the human trunk, neck and head, the legs, and the arms are represented by 27 rigid bodies. An additional body simulates the vibrating vehicle or machinery. The bodies are connected by visco-elastic joint elements. In total 106 force elements imitate the trunk, neck, and leg muscles. The motion equations were derived by means of the dynamics of systems of rigid bodies. Motions were simulated in different standing and sitting postures and in three vibration directions. The transfer functions between the accelerations of the surface or the seat and the spinal forces were computed. By means of these functions it can be shown that under the conditions investigated the compressive forces seem to be the dominant stressor between the forces transmitted in the lumbar spine. However, it cannot be stated that under horizontal vibration the health risk is only dependent from the compressive forces. Here the relationship with the shear strength of the spine being much lower than the compressive strength must be regarded.
Edward Golding's Iinfluence on Wind Power
Authors: Price Trevor J.
Published: March 2006

From it's beginnings in the late 1800s, wind power engineering had developed in a seemingly haphazard way as early wind engineers worked on national wind power programmes. However, international co-operation of allies in engineering programmes during World War Two, e.g. for aircraft design, later became a precedent for co-operation in wind engineering. This paper details Edward Golding's impact on the development of wind power, in the UK and internationally, during the 1940s through to the 1960s. His book, ‘The generation of electricity by wind power’ (1955) and his subsequent leadership within a coordinated international development programme for wind power were seminal. Golding's work in wind power is set within his experience in the electricity supply industry.
An Application of the WAsP Program in Complex, Forested Terrain as Part of a Wind Farm Feasibility Study
Authors: Reutter Karsten , Flay Richard G. J. , McIntosh Euan M.
Published: March 2006

This paper describes an application of the WAsP program in complex, forested terrain in the central North Island of New Zealand. The work was carried out as part of a research project that investigated the viability of developing a wind farm for the Kinleith pulp and paper mill. Subsequent to an outline of the limitations of the WAsP program, the study area, its representation in WAsP through digital terrain data, and the wind data collection at three sites in the Kinleith Forest are described. A comparison of WAsP predictions with field measurements is found to qualitatively confirm the RIX concept. For the study area an adjusted relationship between site ruggedness and prediction error is derived. Studying a potential wind farm located along a ridgeline in the forest estate, the size of forest clearings and the growth of trees over the wind farm lifetime are considered in view of expected annual energy yields.
Concrete is the Future for Offshore Foundations
Authors: Vølund Per
Published: March 2006

This paper compares the costs of using concrete foundations against steel monopile foundations for offshore wind turbines, and argues that concrete foundations will be cheaper. Most offshore windfarms have steel monopile foundations, but in Denmark concrete gravity foundations have been used with success. Two projects have tendered for steel monopiles and for concrete foundations and have implemented the concrete foundations that proved cheaper. No project has tendered for both foundation concepts and chosen steel monopiles.

Nysted Offshore Windfarm with concrete foundations has the cheapest foundations of any offshore windfarm so far. A conceptual foundation study carried out for the London Array West Offshore Windfarm indicates that the same method and very low-cost foundations as for Nysted can be used. Optimised design of light-weight concrete constructions is the key to low-cost installation. Cheap manufacture can be carried out near the site or at even lower cost in Eastern Europa from where it can be shipped at little extra cost. The main construction of steel monopile foundations will become twice as costly as of concrete gravity foundations, and though installation is more costly for the gravity foundations it seems most likely that tendering between steel monopile and concrete gravity for London Array West will prove concrete considerably cheaper. It is argued that these considerations are to a wide extent generally valid, and also for very large turbines in deeper water.

Concrete foundations will in 2006 be installed at Lillegrunden Offshore Windfarm in Sweden, and at Belgian Thornton Bank in 2006–7. So indications are strong that concrete is the future for offshore foundations.
Standardizing the Performance Evaluation of Short-Term Wind Power Prediction Models
Authors: Madsen Henrik , Pinson Pierre , Kariniotakis George , Nielsen Henrik Aa. , Nielsen Torben S.
Published: March 2006

Short-term wind power prediction is a primary requirement for efficient large-scale integration of wind generation in power systems and electricity markets. The choice of an appropriate prediction model among the numerous available models is not trivial, and has to be based on an objective evaluation of model performance.

This paper proposes a standardized protocol for the evaluation of short-term windpower prediction systems. A number of reference prediction models are also described, and their use for performance comparison is analysed. The use of the protocol is demonstrated, using results from both on-shore and offshore wind farms. The work was developed in the frame of the Anemos project (EU R&D project) where the protocol has been used to evaluate more than 10 prediction systems.
Identification of Bifurcation Points Occurring on the Mechanism Paths of Deployable Structures
Authors: Yoda T. , You Z.
Published: March 2006

This paper is concerned with the identification of bifurcation points occurring on the mechanism paths of a linkage, in which the structural system consists of links and revolute joints. The way that the links are assembled is mathematically described by compatibility conditions. The present paper mainly deals with the kinematic paths of mechanism that goes through special configurations of kinematic bifurcations. In general, such special configurations are called uncertainty configurations or singular configurations. The Jacobian derived from the compatibility conditions has been used as a measure of the distance away from the singular configurations. The Jacobian does not always give sufficient results for the detection of bifurcation points. This suggests that it is necessary to consider higher-order infinitesimals for examining approximate solutions of compatibility conditions. The Hessian matrix derived from the Jacobi matrix is considered to be one of the promising measure and may clarify the nature of the singular configuration as to whether the system is at a bifurcation point or not. In this paper, the theory behind the kinematic bifurcation of mechanisms of a linkage is explained and the numerical analysis of illustrative examples is discussed in detail.
Analytical Solutions for the Viscoelastic Response of Composite Beams Including Partial Interaction
Authors: Ranzi G. , Bradford M. A. , Uy B.
Published: March 2006

This paper addresses the issue of the deformations that occur in composite steel-concrete beams caused by the quasi-viscoelastic effects of creep and shrinkage of the concrete slab, and in which the effects of partial shear interaction (PI) at the interface between the slab and the steel joist are included in the analysis. By making recourse to an algebraic representation of the viscoelastic response of the concrete, the formulation in this paper leads to a unique and useful solution of the problem in closed form, which follows from the establishment of a second order linear differential equation. The solution therefore does not require a discretisation along the beam as is usually required for numerical techniques, but only one discretisation in the time domain, and furthermore the resulting solution is generic in the sense that it may be applied for a variety of loading and restraint conditions. Specific solutions, which are validated against a numerical technique reported elsewhere, are presented for the cases of a simply supported beam, an encastré beam and for a propped cantilever.
Three-Dimensional Dynamic Analysis of Jack-up Structures
Authors: Bienen B. , Cassidy M.J.
Published: March 2006

As mobile jack-up drilling rigs continue to move into deeper waters and harsher environments there is an increased need to understand their behaviour under storm loading conditions. To improve the assessment of jack-ups for a specific site it has become necessary to analyse these units in three dimensions with models that appropriately reflect the physical processes occurring. This motivated the development of SOS_3D, a computer program that takes a balanced approach to all three interrelated components of the structure, the foundations and the environmental loading in three dimensions. Geometrical structural nonlinearities are incorporated using a path-dependent formulation of beam-column theory to specify an incremental stiffness matrix. A six-degree of freedom strain-hardening plasticity model simulates the complex interaction between the soil and the spudcan foundations. Advanced formulations for environmental loads are also implemented. In this paper, the results of three-dimensional jack-up analyses (i) are compared with two-dimensional simulations; (ii) highlight the importance of dynamic assessments; and (iii) describe the influence of wave spatial dispersion and loading direction on the response.
Seismic Response of a Non-Concentric Rolling Isolator System
Authors: Butterworth J. W.
Published: March 2006

Suspending a structure in the form of a pendulum would provide excellent protection from seismic ground motion, but is impractical for structures of any significance. The effect can be replicated in other ways, such as by placing the supports on shallow spherical dishes (the so-called friction pendulum), or by means of shaped, non-circular rollers placed between a building and its foundations. This paper investigates the dynamic response of structures resting on seismic isolators consisting of rollers with non-concentric, spherical upper and lower surfaces. The governing equations are developed, revealing a softening system with a period that is independent of mass. Expressions for period and stiffness as nonlinear functions of displacement are developed along with linear approximations. The roller element is then incorporated into a nonlinear time-history integration algorithm which is used to compare the response of an example structure on rolling isolators with a structure on conventional constant stiffness isolators. Peak acceleration response is significantly reduced, especially for high intensity earthquakes, with smaller reductions in peak displacement.
A Smeared — Fixed Crack Model for FE Analysis of RC Membranes Incorporating Aggregate Interlock
Authors: Dabbagh H. , Foster S. J.
Published: March 2006

This paper reports the development of the cracked membrane model using a fixed-crack approach for the finite element modelling of orthogonally reinforced structural elements under plane stress. The model falls into the broad category of “compression field models” combining elemental components from the modified compression field theory with those of the tension chord model. The tension stiffening effect is developed using a steel-concrete bond relationship with its basis in limit analysis. With this approach the tension stiffening and tension softening components of the concrete tension resistance mechanism are decoupled allowing for rational models for each component. With adoption of a fixed crack formulation aggregate interlock along the cracks is explicitly modelled allowing for modelling of reinforced concrete members containing no or low quantities of steel reinforcement where slip along cracks significantly affects the results. For example, the modelling of shear critical beams containing low shear reinforcement volumes. The model has been incorporated into the finite element program for the analysis of reinforced concrete structures with verification of the finite element model presented.
Multi-Sided Pounding Response of Bridge Structures with Non-Linear Bearings to Spatially Varying Ground Excitation
Authors: Chouw N. , Hao H. , Su H.
Published: March 2006

Considerable research of pounding effect on adjacent structures has been conducted in the past. However, most of them neglected the effect of multi-sided poundings. In bridges multiple adjacent bridge structures are common. Consequently, restraint due to additional neighbouring bridge structures cannot be avoided. This study addresses the effect of multi-sided pounding on structural responses due to spatially varying ground movements. Additional effect of non-linear bearing supports of the girders is also considered. The ground motions were simulated stochastically according to the Newmark-Hall spectrum. The result shows that in order to estimate the pounding and bearing forces as well as unseating potential of the girders realistically a consideration of non-uniform ground motions, end-restraint effect and non-linear girder bearings is necessary.
Generic Approach for Modelling Earthquake Hazard
Authors: Lam N. , Venkatesan S. , Wilson J. , Asten M. , Roberts J. , Chandler A. , Tsang H. H.
Published: March 2006

The earthquake attenuation behaviour is a critical part of seismic hazard modelling for regions of low and moderate seismicity. This paper presents a new approach for attenuation modelling, which does not involve the use of strong motion data, and is based on taking measurements of the shear wave velocity (SWV) in bedrock by a noninvasive technique to characterize the transmission of seismic waves. The developed filters are then applied to the generic source model for intraplate earthquakes for calculating the frequency content of seismic waves at the bedrock surface and was used as input to soil response analyses for the determination of site seismic hazard. Ground motion parameters and response spectra are then obtained from the stochastically simulated accelerograms to develop representative attenuation models for rock conditions. The described approach of obtaining a seismic attenuation relationship based on modelling the rock and soil crustal properties is not constrained to any particular environment. Thus, the approach is described as generic. The northern suburbs of the city of Melbourne, Australia, have been used as the study area to illustrate the modelling procedure. The peak ground velocity values (PGV's) predicted from attenuation relationship developed from this study are well correlated with the PGV's inferred from MMI Intensity data of historical earthquakes felt in Melbourne over the past hundred years.
Control of mammalian translation by mRNA structure near caps
Authors: Babendure Jeremy R. , Babendure Jennie L. , Ding Jian-Hua , Tsien Roger Y.
Published: March 2006

The scanning model of RNA translation proposes that highly stable secondary structures within mRNAs can inhibit translation, while structures of lower thermal stability also affect translation if close enough to the 5′ methyl G cap. However, only fragmentary information is available about the dependence of translation efficiency in live mammalian cells on the thermodynamic stability, location, and GC content of RNA structures in the 5′-untranslated region. We devised a two-color fluorescence assay for translation efficiency in single live cells and compared a wide range of hairpins with predicted thermal stabilities ranging from −10 to −50 kcal/mol and 5′ G cap-to-hairpin distances of 1–46 bases. Translation efficiency decreased abruptly as hairpin stabilities increased from ΔG = −25 to −35 kcal/mol. Shifting a hairpin as little as nine bases relative to the 5′ cap could modulate translation more than 50-fold. Increasing GC content diminished translation efficiency when predicted thermal stability and cap-to-hairpin distances were held constant. We additionally found naturally occurring 5′-untranslated regions affected translation differently in live cells compared with translation in in vitro lysates. Our study will assist scientists in designing experiments that deliberately modulate mammalian translation with designed 5′ UTRs.
Assembly of Snu114 into U5 snRNP requires Prp8 and a functional GTPase domain
Authors: Brenner Tamara J. , Guthrie Christine
Published: March 2006

Snu114 is a U5 snRNP protein essential for pre-mRNA splicing. Based on its homology with the ribosomal translocase EF-G, it is thought that GTP hydrolysis by Snu114 induces conformational rearrangements in the spliceosome. We recently identified allele-specific genetic interactions between SNU114 and genes encoding three other U5 snRNP components, Prp8 and two RNA-dependent ATPases, Prp28 and Brr2, required for destabilization of U1 and U4 snRNPs prior to catalysis. To shed more light onto the function of Snu114, we have now directly analyzed snRNP and spliceosome assembly in SNU114 mutant extracts. The Snu114–60 C-terminal truncation mutant, which is synthetically lethal with the ATPase mutants prp28–1 and brr2–1, assembles spliceosomes but subsequently blocks U4 snRNP release. Conversely, mutants in the GTPase domain fail to assemble U5 snRNPs. These mutations prevent the interaction of Snu114 with Prp8 as well as with U5 snRNA. Since Prp8 is thought to regulate the activity of the DEAD-box ATPases, this strategy of snRNP assembly could ensure that Prp8 activity is itself regulated by a GTP-dependent mechanism.
Chlorolissoclimides: New inhibitors of eukaryotic protein synthesis
Authors: Robert Francis , Gao Hong Qing , Donia Marwa , Merrick William C. , Hamann Mark T. , Pelletier Jerry
Published: March 2006

Lissoclimides are cytotoxic compounds produced by shell-less molluscs through chemical secretions to deter predators. Chlorinated lissoclimides were identified as the active component of a marine extract from Pleurobranchus forskalii found during a high-throughput screening campaign to characterize new protein synthesis inhibitors. It was demonstrated that these compounds inhibit protein synthesis in vitro, in extracts prepared from mammalian and plant cells, as well as in vivo against mammalian cells. Our results suggest that they block translation elongation by inhibiting translocation, leading to an accumulation of ribosomes on mRNA. These data provide a rationale for the cytotoxic nature of this class of small molecule natural products.
High Maternal Blood S100B Concentrations in Pregnancies Complicated by Intrauterine Growth Restriction and Intraventricular Hemorrhage
Authors: Gazzolo Diego , Marinoni Emanuela , Di Iorio Romolo , Lituania Mario , Marras Mauro , Bruschettini Matteo , Bruschettini Pierluigi , Frulio Rosanna , Michetti Fabrizio , Petraglia Felice , Florio Pasquale
Published: March 2006

Background: Intrauterine growth restriction (IUGR) is associated with perinatal mortality and with neurologic damage from intraventricular hemorrhage (IVH). We investigated whether S100B, a neural protein found in high concentrations after cell injury in the nervous system, is increased in serum of women whose pregnancies are complicated by IUGR and whose newborns develop IVH. We also explored the prognostic accuracy of maternal serum S100B for IVH in the newborn.

Methods: We conducted a case–control study of 106 pregnancies complicated by IUGR, including a subgroup (n = 26) who developed IVH after birth, and 212 unaffected pregnancies matched for gestational age. Ultrasound examination, Doppler velocimetry patterns (in the utero-placental vessels and middle cerebral artery), and maternal blood collection were performed before birth; cerebral ultrasound and neurologic examinations were performed after birth.

Results: S100B was higher (P <0.001) in IUGR pregnancies complicated by IVH than in those that were not and in controls. At a cutoff of 0.72 μg/L, sensitivity was 100% [95% confidence interval (95% CI), 87%–100%] and specificity was 99.3% (97.5%–99.9%) for prediction of IVH (area under the ROC curve, 0.999). The prevalence of IVH was 8.2% in the whole study population, 93% (95% CI, 83.6%–100%) in those with maternal S100B >0.72 μg/L, and 0% (0%–2.5%) in those with maternal S100B <0.72 μg/L.

Conclusion: For prediction of IVH, measurements of maternal S100B may be useful at times before clinical, laboratory, and ultrasound patterns can identify risk of IVH.
Measurement of the Energy-Generating Capacity of Human Muscle Mitochondria: Diagnostic Procedure and Application to Human Pathology
Authors: Janssen Antoon JM , Trijbels Frans JM , Sengers Rob CA , Wintjes Liesbeth TM , Ruitenbeek Wim , Smeitink Jan AM , Morava Eva , van Engelen Baziel GM , van den Heuvel Lambert P , Rodenburg Richard JT
Published: March 2006

Background: Diagnosis of mitochondrial disorders usually requires a muscle biopsy to examine mitochondrial function. We describe our diagnostic procedure and results for 29 patients with mitochondrial disorders.

Methods: Muscle biopsies were from 43 healthy individuals and 29 patients with defects in one of the oxidative phosphorylation (OXPHOS) complexes, the pyruvate dehydrogenase complex (PDHc), or the adenine nucleotide translocator (ANT). Homogenized muscle samples were used to determine the oxidation rates of radiolabeled pyruvate, malate, and succinate in the absence or presence of various acetyl Co-A donors and acceptors, as well as specific inhibitors of tricarboxylic acid cycle or OXPHOS enzymes. We determined the rate of ATP production from oxidation of pyruvate.

Results: Each defect in the energy-generating system produced a specific combination of substrate oxidation impairments. PDHc deficiencies decreased substrate oxidation reactions containing pyruvate. Defects in complexes I, III, and IV decreased oxidation of pyruvate plus malate, with normal to mildly diminished oxidation of pyruvate plus carnitine. In complex V defects, pyruvate oxidation improved by addition of carbonyl cyanide 3-chlorophenyl hydrazone, whereas other oxidation rates were decreased. In most patients, ATP production was decreased.

Conclusion: The proposed method can be successfully applied to the diagnosis of defects in PDHc, OXPHOS complexes, and ANT.
Midregional Pro-A-Type Natriuretic Peptide Measurements for Diagnosis of Acute Destabilized Heart Failure in Short-of-Breath Patients: Comparison with B-Type Natriuretic Peptide (BNP) and Amino-Terminal proBNP
Authors: Gegenhuber Alfons , Struck Joachim , Poelz Werner , Pacher Richard , Morgenthaler Nils G , Bergmann Andreas , Haltmayer Meinhard , Mueller Thomas
Published: March 2006

Background: The aim of the present study was to assess the utility of amino-terminal pro-A-type natriuretic peptide (NT-proANP) measurements for the emergency diagnosis of acute destabilized heart failure (HF), using a novel sandwich immunoassay covering midregional epitopes (MR-proANP).

Methods: The retrospective analysis comprised 251 consecutive patients presenting to the emergency department of a tertiary care hospital with dyspnea as a chief complaint. The diagnosis of acute destabilized HF was based on the Framingham score for HF plus echocardiographic evidence of systolic or diastolic dysfunction. A commercially available immunoluminometric assay was used for measurement of MR-proANP plasma concentrations.

Results: Median MR-proANP plasma concentrations were significantly higher in patients with dyspnea attributable to acute destabilized HF (338 pmol/L; n = 137) than in patients with dyspnea attributable to other reasons (98 pmol/L; n = 114; P <0.001). The area under the curve for MR-proANP was 0.876 (SE = 0.022; 95% confidence interval, 0.829–0.914), and the cutoff concentration with the highest diagnostic accuracy was 169 pmol/L (sensitivity, 89%; specificity, 76%; diagnostic accuracy, 83%). In the setting evaluated, diagnostic information obtained by MR-proANP measurements was similar to that obtained with B-type natriuretic peptide (BNP) and amino-terminal proBNP (NT-proBNP) measurements.

Conclusions: MR-proANP measurements may be useful as an aid in the diagnosis of acute destabilized HF in short-of-breath patients presenting to an emergency department. The diagnostic value of MR-proANP appears to be comparable to that of BNP and NT-proBNP.
The Evolution of Loyalty Intentions
Authors: Johnson Michael D. , Herrmann Andreas , Huber Frank
Published: March 2006

The drivers of customer loyalty intentions are dynamic. What remains unclear is how these intentions evolve through the introduction and growth phases of a life cycle. Using a longitudinal study of cellular phone customers, the authors demonstrate that loyalty intentions are a function of perceived value early in the life cycle. Over time, more affective attitudes toward the brand and the relationship with the company come to mediate the effects of value on intentions. The results suggest that from the introduction to the growth stage of a life cycle, managers must adapt from improving value per se to measuring and managing relationships and brands directly.
Converting Web Site Visitors into Buyers: How Web Site Investment Increases Consumer Trusting Beliefs and Online Purchase Intentions
Authors: Schlosser Ann E. , White Tiffany Barnett , Lloyd Susan M.
Published: March 2006

The authors investigate the impact of Web site design investments on consumers’ trusting beliefs and online purchase intentions. Such investments signal the component of trusting beliefs that is most strongly related to online purchase intentions: ability. These effects were strongest when consumers’ goals were to search rather than to browse and when purchases involved risk.
Human plasma adenosine deaminase 2 is secreted by activated monocytes
Authors: Iwaki-Egawa Sachiko , Yamamoto Takaya , Watanabe Yasuhiro
Published: March 2006

Adenosine deaminase (ADA) plays an important role in the immune system, and its activity is composed of two kinetically distinct isozymes, ADA1 and ADA2. ADA2 is a major component of human plasma total ADA activity and ADA2 activity is significantly elevated in patients with various diseases such as HIV infection and chronic hepatitis. However, relatively little is known about ADA2 because of difficulties in purifying this enzyme. In this study we succeeded in purifying human plasma ADA2 and demonstrate the extracellular secretion of ADA2 from human peripheral blood monocytes stimulated with phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate and calcium ionophore.
Abstimmbarer Pr/Yb-dotierter Faserlaser im cw- und Pulsmodebetrieb (An All-Fiber Pr/Yb-Doped Up-Conversion Laser in Different Laser Operation Modes)
Authors: Zeller Marcel , Limberger Hans , Lasser Theo
Published: March 2006

Faserlasersysteme bieten eine interessante Möglichkeit für Laserquellen mit hoher Strahlqualität im sichtbaren Spektralbereich. Pr/Yb-dotierte Fasersysteme mit Emissionslinien im roten, orangen, grünen und blauen Spektralbereich wurden als abstimmbare Laser (zentrale Wellenlänge 605 nm, Abstimmbereich ca. 8 nm) und als modengelockte Lasersysteme mit Pulsdauern kleiner 100 ps betrieben. Als Gainmedium wurden Pr/Yb-dotierte Fluoridfasersysteme verwendet, während sowohl der gesamte Laserresonator als auch die Modelockingeinheit als quarzfaserbasierte Hybridkomponente realisiert wurden.
Renouncing Shamanistic Practice: The Conflict of Individual and Culture Experienced by a Mapuche Machi
Authors: Bacigalupo Ana Mariella
Published: March 2006

This article analyzes the conflict between traditional beliefs, cultural roles, and the search for individuality through the study of Fresia, a young Mapuche woman who renounced shamanistic practice. Her case demonstrates that the social transmission of traditional beliefs and symbols is not in itself enough to ensure the commitment of shaman/healers who must also internalize their cultural beliefs and attach personal meaning to them through their dreams, visions, and ritual practices. If this does not occur, as in Fresia's case, individuality emerges and may contradict ideal cultural representations even in contexts such as that of the Mapuche where the concept of the person is inextricably bound up with one's role in the social system.
Anthropologists Need Redemption Too: Book Review
Authors: Blanchard Kendall A.
Published: March 2006

Redeeming the Sin: Social Science and Literature by Audrey Borenstein. Columbia University Press,New York, 1978
Transcending Science: Book Review
Authors: Welte Cecil R.
Published: March 2006

. Guide for the Perplexed by E. F. Schumacher Jonathan Cape Ltd., London, 1977 (166 pp, $3.95)
An Empirical View of the Moral Order
Authors: Hatch Elvin
Published: March 2006

Raoul Naroll. The Moral Order: An Introduction to the Human Situation. Beverly Hills, London, New Delhi: Sage Publications, 1983. 498 pp. $32.50 (cloth), $14.95 (paper).
Structure and Process in Guijiro Society
Authors: Wright Robin M.
Published: March 2006

Jean‐Guy Goulet. El Universo Social. Religioso Guajiro. Maracaibo‐Caracas, Biblioteca Corpozulia, 1981. 452 pp. (paper).
Details of the spoken word; Ethnics and Epistemology in the Social Sciences; Passion and Politics;
Authors: Crowley Daniel J. , Handler Richard , Ridington Robin
Published: March 2006

Dennis Tedlock The Spoken Word and the Work of Interpretation. Philadelphia: University of Pennsyslvania Press. 1983. xi. 365 pp. $35.00 (cloth)

Norma Haan. Robert N. Bellah. Paul Rabinow. William M. Sullivan. eds. Social Science as Moral Inquiry. New York: Columbia University Press. 1983. xiv. 392 pp. $40.00 (cloth), $12.00 (paper).

F. G. Bailey The Tactical Uses of Passion. Ithaca and London: Cornell University Press. 1983. 275 pp. $29.50 (cloth)
One Author and Two Ethnographic Novels of Tibet
Authors: Schuchat Molly G.
Published: March 2006

Robert B. Ekvall. Tents Against the Sky. Westchester, IL: Good News Publishers, 1978. First published in the U.S. by Farrar, Straus & Young, 1954. 264 pp. Map. $4.95 (paper)

Robert B. Ekvall. The Lama Knows. Tibetan Legend Is Born. Foreword to 1981 Edition by L. L. Langness. Novato, CA: Novato & Sharp Publishers, Inc., 1981. First published by Gulab Primlani, New Delhi, India, 1979. xvi. 127pp. Illustrations. $5.95 (paper)
Astrology as Text and Drama
Authors: McCarthy E. Doyle
Published: March 2006

R. S. Perinbanayagm. The Karmic Theater: Self, Society, and Astrology in Jaffna. Amherst: University of Massachusetts Press, 1982. 212 pp. $22.50 (cloth).
The Ojibwa as Moderns: Victims and Survivors
Authors: Vanderburgh Rosamond M.
Published: March 2006

J. Anthony Paredes. ed. Anishnabe: Six Studies of Modern Chippewa. Tallahassee, Florida: University Presses of Florida, 1980. xi. 436 pp. $27.50 (cloth).

Yngve Georg Lithman. The Community Apart:. Case Study of. Canadian Indian Reserve Community. Winnipeg, Manitoba: University of Manitoba Press, 1984. vi. 186 pp. $20.00 (cloth), $5.95 (paper).

Anastasia M. Shkilnyk. A Poison Stronger than Love: the Destruction of an Ojibwa Community. New Haven, Connecticut: Yale University Press, 1985. xx. 275 pp. $30.00 (cloth), $9‐95 (paper).
Contrasting Roles of Privacy
Authors: Lee Alfred McClung
Published: March 2006

Barrington Moore. Jr. Privacy: Studies in Social and Cultural History. Armonk, New York: M. E. Sharpe, 1984. xiv. 328 pp. $17.25 (cloth)

Franco Ferrarotti. The Myth of Inevitable Progress. Westport, Conn.: Greenwood Press, 1985. viii. 208 pp. $35 (cloth)
Ethnicity Threatened
Authors: Erickson Paul A.
Published: March 2006

Nanciellen Davis. Ethnicity and Ethnic Group Persistence in an Acadian Village in Maritime Canada. New York: AMS Press, 1985. xix. 233 pp. $38.50 (cloth).
Mircea Eliade and Humanistic Anthropology
Authors: Johnson Norris Brock
Published: March 2006

David Carrasco and Jean Marie Swanberg. eds. Waiting for the Dawn: Mircea Eliade in Perspective. Boulder: Westview Press, 1985. xii‐139 pp. $20.00 (hardbound)
French Perspectives on Humanism and Anthropology
Authors: Grohs‐Paul Waltraud
Published: March 2006

Anthropologie et Humanism. Les cahiers de Fonteneay. No 39‐40. Fontenay aux Roses: 1985. 194 pp. 66 F. Paper.
Dramas and Texts: The Anthropology of Victor Turner
Authors: Prell Riv‐Ellen
Published: March 2006

Victor Turner. On the Edge of the Bush: Anthropology as Experience. Tucson, Arizona: The University of Arizona Press. 327 pp. $29‐95 (cloth).
Geertz, Gods, and Good Beginnings: Two Disciplines in Dialogue
Authors: Glazier Stephen D.
Published: March 2006

Robert L. Moore and Frank E. Reynolds. eds. Anthropology and the Study of Religion. Chicago: Center for the Scientific Study of Religion, 1984, ix. 230 pp. $9‐95 (paper).
Freud Resuscitated?
Authors: Spain David H.
Published: March 2006

Peregrine Horden. ed. Freud and the Humanities. New York: St. Martin's Press, 1985. xii. 186 pp. $27.50 (cloth).
Art in Flux: Songs, Poems, and Pots
Authors: Anderson Richard L.
Published: March 2006

David B. Coplan. In Township Tonight: South Africa's Black City Music and Theater. London: Longman, 1985. + 278 pp. $29.95 (cloth), $12.95 (paper).

Terese Svoboda. Cleaned the Crocodile's Teeth: Nuer Song. Greenfield, N.Y.: Greenfield Review Press, 1985. ix. 104 pp. $9.95 (paper).

Louana M. Lackey. The Pottery of Acatlán:. Changing Mexican Tradition. Norman: University of Oklahoma Press, 1982. xi. 164 pp. $29.50 (cloth).
Poetic Reflections: Change in The Wind
Authors: McDonough George Edward
Published: March 2006

J. Iain Prattis. ed. Reflections: The Anthropological Muse. Washington, DC: American Anthropological Association, 1985. 283 pp. Members, $16.00, nonmembers, $24.00 (paper).
Life on the Third Coast
Authors: Durrenberger E. Paul
Published: March 2006

Robert Lee Maril. Cannibals and Condos: Texans and Texas along the Gulf Coast. College Station: Texas A&M Press, 1986 xv + 114 pp. $13.95 (cloth)
Through the Hourglass Darkly: Time in Traditional France
Authors: Gibson Patricia R.
Published: March 2006

Francoise Zonabend. The Enduring Memory: Time and History in a French Village. Translated by Anthony Forster. Manchester: Manchester University Press, 1984. xii + 218 pp. $26.50 (cloth).
The Aesthetic Experience
Authors: Plante John D. La
Published: March 2006

Jacques Maquet. The Aesthetic Experience: An Anthropologist Looks at the Visual Arts. New Haven, CT: Yale University Press. 1986. xi plus 272 pp. $35.00 (cloth).
Two Accounts of Japan
Authors: Schedler Gilbert
Published: March 2006

Brian Moeran. Okubo Diary: Portrait of. Japanese Valley. Stanford, CA: Stanford University Press, 1985. viii plus 257 pp. (cloth).

Gail Lee Bernstein. Haruko's World:. Japanese Farm Woman and Her Community. Stanford, CA: Stanford University Press, 1983‐ xviii plus 199 pp., illus. (Paper and cloth).
Anthropology Without Humanity
Authors: Turnbull Colin M.
Published: March 2006

Keith F. Otterbein. The Ultimate Coercive Sanction. New Haven: HRAF Press, 1986. xii. 164. $14.00 (paper).
An Award‐winning Ethnographic Novel
Authors: Tedlock Barbara
Published: March 2006

Jo Anne Williams Bennett. Downfall People. Toronto: McCelland and Stewart. 1986. 316pp. $22.95 (cloth).
On Finding Matriarchy in Unexpected Places
Authors: Quade Larry G.
Published: March 2006

Barbara Raskin. Hot Flashes. New York: St. Martin's Press. 1987. 376 pp. $18.95 (cloth).

Lionel Shriver. The Female of the Species. New York: Farrar/Straus/Giroux. 1987. 405 pp. $17.95 (cloth).

Shelby Hearon. Five Hundred Scorpions. New York: Atheneum. 1987. 306 pp. $18.95 (cloth).
Self and Other in Papua New Guinea
Authors: McDowell Nancy
Published: March 2006

Kenneth E. Read. Return to the High Valley: Coming Full Circle. Berkeley: University of California Press, 1986. xxi. 269 pp. $18.95 (cloth).
Changing Perspectives in African History
Authors: Nevadomsky Joseph
Published: March 2006

Bogumil Jewsiewicki and David Newbury. eds. African Historiographies: What History for Which Africa? Beverly Hills: Sage Publications, 1985. 320 pp. $29.95 (cloth).

Catherine Coquery‐Vidrovitch and Paul Lovejoy. eds. The Workers of African Trade. Beverly Hills: Sage Publications, 1985. 304 pp. $29.95 (cloth).
Albert's Power: A Fiction Narrative
Authors: Smith David M.
Published: March 2006

SUMMARY
Albert's Power is a fictional narrative about the untimely death of a young medicine man and how he fulfilled his obligations to his kin—including the ethnographer. While fictionalized and dramatized, the story is based on real people and true events.
Literature from the Field
Authors: Anderson E. N.
Published: March 2006

Mourning Dove. A Salishan Autobiography. Jay Miller. ed. Lincoln: University of Nebraska Press, 1991. Notes, glossary, bibliography, xxxix. 265 pp. $30.00 (cloth)
Book Reviews
Authors: Walck Christa L. , Keehle Kevin , Philpott Stuart B. , Lurie Sue G. , Weil Jim
Published: March 2006

American enterprise in Japan. Tomoko Hamada. Albany, NY: State University of New York Press, 1991. xi +294 pages.

Does Training Work for Displaced Worker?;. survey of existing data. D.E. Leigh. W.E. Upjohn Institute for Employment Research, 1990.

Red November, Black November. Culture and Community in the Industrial Workers of the World. Salvatore Salerno. Albany: State University of New York Press, 1989. 220pp.

Inhuman Relations: Quality Circles and Anti‐unionism in American Industry. Cuillermo Grenier. Philadelphia: Temple University Press, xx. 232 pp. 1988.

Blue Collar and Buddha. Taggart Siegel and Kati Johnson. 1987.57 min. Siegel Productions, Chicago. Saudade (Nostalgia). Bela Feldman‐Bianco. 1991.57 min. Documentary Educational Resources, Watertown, MA.
Technological Change and Co‐Determination in Sweden
Authors: Hakken David
Published: March 2006

Technological Change and Co‐Determination in Sweden. Ake Sandberg. Gunnar Broms. Arne Grip. Lars Sundstoem. Jesper Steen. and Peter Ullmark. In the series Labor and Social Change, Paula Rayman and Carmen Siriani, eds. Philadelphia: Temple University Press. 1992.
Made in Italy: Small‐Scale Industrialization and its Consequences
Authors: Benton Lauren
Published: March 2006

Made in Italy: Small‐Scale Industrialization and its Consequences. Michael L. Blim. New York:Praeger, 1990.
Global Health Policy, Local Realities: The Fallacy of the Level Playing Field
Authors: Frankenberg Ronald
Published: March 2006

Global Health Policy, Local Realities: The Fallacy of the Level Playing Field. Linda M. Whiteford and Lenore Manderson. eds. Boulder: Lynne Rienner Publishers, 2000. vi. 333 pp.
Medicalized Mothering: Perspectives from the Lives of African‐American and Jewish Women; Measuring Mama's Milk: Fascism and the Medicalization of Maternity in Italy
Authors: Wozniak Danielle F.
Published: March 2006

Medicalized Mothering: Perspectives from the Lives of African‐American and Jewish Women. Jacquelyn S. Litt. New Brunswick, NJ: Rutgers University Press, 2000. xi+ 189 pp.

Measuring Mama's Milk: Fascism and the Medicalization of Maternity in Italy. Elizabeth Dixon Whitaker. Ann Arbor: University of Michigan Press, 2000. vii. 358 pp.
Society Against The State: Essays in Political Anthropology
Authors: Brown Susan Love
Published: March 2006

SOCIETY AGAINST THE STATE: ESSAYS IN POLITICAL ANTHROPOLOGY. Pierre Clastres. Translated by Robert Hurley in collaboration with Abe Stein. New York: Zone Books, 1987.
Rationalizing Justice: The Political Economy of The Federal District Courts
Authors: Magnarella Paul J.
Published: March 2006

RATIONALIZING JUSTICE: THE POLITICAL ECONOMY OF THE FEDERAL DISTRICT COURTS. Wolf Heyderbrand and Carroll Seron. Albany: State University of New York Press, 1990.
The Book Review Section (Commentary, Reviews, Recent Publications)
Authors: Khan Baduddin , Kennedy Matthew , Murray Stephen O.
Published: March 2006

Sexuality and Eroticism among Males in Moslem Societies, edited by Arno Schmitt and Jehoeda Sofer. New York: Haworth Press, 1992. 201 pp.

Vested Interests: Cross‐Dresslng & Cultural Anxiety by Marjorie Garber. New York: Routledge. 443 pp. $35 hb.

Homosexuality. Society and the State In Mexico by Ian Lumsden. Toronto: Canadian Gay Archives. (P.O. Box 639, Station A, Toronto, Ont. M5# 1G2, Canada). 122 pp. pb. $12.95 Canadian. $3 postage/handling (for Spanish or English version).
The Book Review Section (Commentary, Reviews, Recent Publications)
Authors: Lemay Helen Rodnite , Manalansan Martin F. , Paloma Luis , Murray Stephen O.
Published: March 2006

Sex, Dissidence and Damnation: Minority Groups in the Middle Ages, by Jeffrey Richards. (New York: Routledge, 1991).

Oceanic Homosexuality, by Stephen 0. Murray. (New York: Garland Publishing 1992).

Gay Culture in America: Essays from the Field, edited by Gilbert Herdt (Boston: Beacon Press, 1992), 255 pp.; and Not in front of the Audience: Homosexuality on Stage by Nocholas de Jongh (New Tork: Routledge, 1992), 214 pp., $49.95 hb, $15.95 pb.

AIDS and Accusation: Haiti and the Geography of Blame by Paul Farmer. Berkeley: University of California Press, 1992. 338 pp. $35 hb.

Notes on Incidents by Roland Barthes and Bringing Out Roland Barthes by D. A. Miller (Berkeley: University of California Press, 1992, $12. piece, or $20 for the pair); Understanding the Male Hustler by Sam Steward (Binghamton, NY: Harrington Park Press, 1991, $7.95 pb. 147 pp.) Colin McPhee: Composer in Two Worlds by Carol J. Oja. (Washington: Smithsonian Institution Press, 1990. $39.95 hb.)