bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
DAYA ANTIBAKTERI EKSTRAK DAUN KEDONDONG BANGKOK (Spondias dulcis Forst.) TERHADAP BAKTERI Enterococcus faecalis Antibacterial Potency of Kedondong Bangkok Leaves Extract (Spondias dulcis Forst.) against Enterococcus faecalis Bacteria
Authors: Harseno Singgih , Mooduto Latief , Prasetyo Eric Priyo
Published: July 2020

Background. The prevalence of endodontic infection after root canal treatment caused by the Enterococcus faecalis bacteria ranged between 24-77%. It is caused by resilience and virulence from Enterococcus faecalis. An alternative  solution have to be done toward irrigation of root canal wall which is effective to kill bacteria. Kedondong Bangkok (Spondias dulcis Forst.) is one of the plants or natural substance potentially as an antibacteria. The antibacterial potencies of Kedondong Bangkok leaves extract (Spondias dulcis Forst.) against Enterococcus faecalis bacteria could be identified by determining Minimal Inhibitory Concentration (MIC) and Minimal Bactericidal Concentration (MBC). Purpose. This study is aimed to prove antibacterial potencies by identifying Minimal Inhibitory Concentration (MIC) and Minimal Bactericidal Concentration (MBC) of Kedondong Bangkok leaves extract (Spondias dulcis Forst.) against Enterococcus faecalis bacteria. Method. This study is an experimental laboratories through research design of The Post Test Only Control Group Design. Value of MIC and MBC were known by counting the growth of Enterococcus faecalis bacteria by treating the leaves extract of Kedondong Bangkok  with concentration respectively 25%, 22,5%, 20%,17,5%, 15%, and 12,5% on nutrient agar media in CFU/ml. Result. In the concentration 12,5% there are 8.8% bacterial growth and in the concentration 15% there are no bacterial growth. Conclusion. Kedondong Bangkok leaf extract (Spondias dulcis Forst.) has an antibacterial potency against Enterococcus faecalis bacteria. The MIC shows in concentration of 12,5% and the MBC shows in concentration of 15%.
Perbedaan Efektivitas Daya Antibakteri Ekstrak Daun Mimba (Azadirachta Indica A. Juss) Dibanding NaOCl 2,5% Terhadap Enterococcus Faecalis (The Difference of Antibacterial Effectiveness of Neem Leaf Extract (Azadirachta Indica A. Juss) Than NaOCl 2,5% Against Enterococcus Faecalis)
Authors: Sayekti Setian Fitri , Subiwahyudi Agus , Prasetyo Edhie Arif
Published: July 2020

Background. Enterococcus faecalis is often found in persistent endodontic infection. Its high prevalence, about 24-77%, is due to resistance and virulence of these bacteria. NaOCl is commonly use as irrigation material, but it has toxicity effect and can irritate periapical tissues. Therefore, some studies to find natural materials that have antibacterial properties as an alternative root canal medicament need to be done. Neem (Azadirachta Indica A. Juss), also known as wonder tree for centuries has antibacterial properties, proven in the preliminary study which has been done that the MIC (Minimum Inhibitory Concentration) is 65% and MBC (Minimum Bactericidal Concentration) is 70%. Purpose. The aim of this study was to compare the effectiveness of antibacterial activity of the Neem leaf extract (Azadirachta Indica A. Juss) than NaOCl 2,5% against Enterococcus faecalis. Methods. This study is an experimental labolatory with post test only control group design usingEnterococcus faecalis ATCC 29212. Agar diffusion test was used to check the antimicrobial activity of 65% Neem leaf ectract, 70% Neem leaf ectract and NaOCl 2,5% by measuring the inhibition zone diameter of each treatment.Result. Diameter of bacterial inhibition zone formed Neem leaf extract is greater than NaOCl 2,5%. Conclusion. The antibacterial activity of Neem extract is greater than NaOCl 2,5% against Enterococcus faecalis.
Perbedaan Kebocoran Tepi antara GIC Konvensional dan Resin Modified GIC pada Restorasi Kelas V (Difference on Microleakage of Conventional GIC and Resin Modified GIC in Class V Restoration)
Authors: Devara Aditya Rama , Lunardhi Cecilia G.J , Yuanita Tamara
Published: July 2020

Background. Microleakage is one of the challenging concerns in direct filling restorations. Restoration material should have good adaptation between the restoration and the cavity walls to seal the cavity in a good way. Glass ionomer cement (GIC) is one of restoration material which indicated for class V cavity. GIC has a good adherence to the cavity wall but fragile to liquid contamination during the setting time. Resin modified glass ionomer cement (RMGIC) is a hybrid glass ionomer cement with the addition of hidroxyethylmethacrylate (HEMA) in the liquid to increase the properties and endurance to liquid contamination. Aim. The aim of this study was to investigate the difference on microleakage of conventional GIC and resin modified GIC in class V restoration. Material and methods. Class V cavities (depth: 2 mm) were prepared on the cervical surface of  32 human first permanent  premolars. Teeth were classified into three groups. Group 1: conventional GIC + varnish. Group 2:RMGIC + varnish. All cavities were restored, then stored in artificial saliva at 37ºC for 24 hours. The teeth were immersed in a 1% methylene blue dye solution for 24 hours, and then rinsed in running water, dried, and sectioned longitudinally. The section were assessed for microleakage of dye penetration by two independent evaluators using a digital microscope. Data were collected and statistically analyzed. Results. RMGIC showed no significant difference with conventional GIC. However, there is a slight difference, RMGIC has a slight lower microleakage than conventional GIC. Conclusion. RMGIC showed only slight lower microleakage than conventional GIC, but not significant.
Konsentrasi Efektif Ekstrak Daun Salam (Syzygium polyanthum Wight) terhadap Hambatan Biofilm Enterococcus faecalis (Effective Concentration of Bay Leaf Extract (Syzygium polyanthum Wight) to Inhibit Enterococcus faecalis Biofilm)
Authors: Aini Shufiyah Nurul , Effendy Ruslan , Widjiastuti Ira
Published: July 2020

Background. Enterococcus faecalis is the most dominant microorganisms found in endodontic secondary infection with prevalence ranging between 24% - 77%. Defense mechanism of Enterococcus faecalis bacteria is forming biofilm,. A study showed that bacteria in mature biofilms can 10-1000 times more resistant to antimicrobials than bacteria in a planktonic form. One of the natural substances that can be used as antibiofilm to irrigation root canals is extract of fresh bay leaf (Syzygium polyanthum Wight). Chemical components in bay leaves include flavonoids, tannins, and essential oils, which have antibacterial capability and damage the membrane biofilm. Purpose. To determine the effective concentration of fresh bay leaf extract (Syzygium polyanthum Wight) that can inhibit biofilm Enterococcus faecalis. Method. This research is in-vitro labolatory experimental with post test only control group design using microtitter plate assay. Samples using Enterococcus faecalis ATCC 29212 cultured in TSB (Trypticase Soy Broth) + glucose.Bay leaf extract (Syzygium polyanthum Wight) concentration in this study was 13%, 12.25%, 11.50%, 10.75%, 10%, 9.25%, 8.50%, 7.75%, 7%, and 6.25%. Results. At the 13% concentration of Syzygium polyanthum Wight, showed 100% inhibition of biofilm, means that the 13% concentration of bay leaf extract (Syzygium polyanthum Wight) can totally inhibit biofilm formation of Enterococcus faecalis. Conclusion. The effective concentration of bay leaf extract (Syzygium polyanthum Wight) which inhibit Enterococcus faecalis biofilm is 13%.
Daya Antibakteri EkstrakMeniran (Phyllanthus niruri linn) Terhadap BakteriEnterococcus faecalis (Antibacterial Activity Of Phyllanthus niruri linn Extract Against Enterococcus faecalis Bacteria)
Authors: KH Tri Desiana , Sudirman Achmad , Juniarti Devi Eka
Published: July 2020

Background. Enterococcus faecalis is an anaerobic facultative gram-positive bacteria which contribute to the failure of root canal treatment with the number of prevalence 24% to 77%. At the preparation stage, a material for irrigation which has antibacterial activity to Enterococcus faecalis is needed. Phyllantus niruri linn is one of herbal medicament which is potential as antibacterial agent as it contains active antibacterial chemical-compound. Purpose. The purpose of the study is to identify Minimum Inhibitory Concentration and Minimum Bactericidal Concentrationof Phyllantus niruri linn against Enterococcus faecalis.Method. The research method used is laboratory experimental. Enterococcus faecalis ATCC 29212 was suspended into several concentration of Phyllantus niruri linn extract from dilution method on BHIB medium. Each tube was incubated for 24 hours. Then, each tube was subcultured to Nutrient agar medium using spreader in a petridish. Each petridish was incubated for 24 hours and the growth of the colony was manually calculated using CFU/ml unit. Result. At the concentration of 6.25%, Phyllanthus niruri linn was able to inhibit the growth of Enterococcus faecalis as 90% and there was no bacteria at the concentration of 12.5%. Conclusion. 6.25% concentration of Phyllanthus niruri linn extract was Minimum Inhibitory Concentration and 12.5% concentration was Minimum Bactericidal Concentration to Enterococcus faecalis.
Konsentrasi Bunuh Minimal (KBM) Ekstrak Propolis Lawang terhadap Candida albicans
Authors: Wibowo Alvita , Widjiastuti Ira , Saraswati Widya
Published: July 2020

Background: Candida albicans is the most resistant fungi in root canals. The existence of Candida albicans after root canal treatment can cause the failure of root canal treatment. The prevalence of this case is 36,7%. Propolis is a resinous substance which has many pharmaceutical and biological effects such as antimicrobial activities. Its active components include flavonoid, saponin, and tannin, have an important role in antimicrobial activities. In this study, antifungal aspect of propolis extract was investigated. Purpose: The aim of this study was to determine the minimum fungicidal concentration (MFC) of propolis extract againts Candida albicans. Methods: This research was a laboratory experimental study. Propolis extract produced by propolis farm from Lawang. The antifungal activity test was performed by colony counting fungi in sabouraud’s dextrose agar (SDA) to determine the value of MFC of propolis extract againts Candida albicans. Result: At the concentration of 72,5%, 73,5%, 74,5%, 75,5%, 76,5%, and 77,5% there are decreases in the number of Candida albicans fungal colonies when compared with positive control group. There are significant differences in each study group (p<0,05). At the concentraion  of 76,5% was not revealed any fungal growth of Candida albicans, it was because the antifungal effect of propolis extract has reached MFC. Conclusion: The minimum fungicidal concentration of propolis extract againts Candida albicans is 76,5%.
Perbedaan lama perendaman air perasan jeruk nipis (Citrus aurantifolia Swingle) terhadap kekasaran permukaan resin komposit nanohybrid
Authors: Tandrayuana Faustina Angela , Prasetyo Edhie Arif , Setyabudi S. Angela
Published: July 2020

Background: Nanohybrid Composite is a composite that is often used in dentistry because it has advantages in physical, mechanical and esthetic properties. One of the mechanical properties which can be an indicator of the resilience of restorative material is surface roughness. One of the factors that affect the surface roughness is acidic drink consumption habits. Fruit that easily processed into fresh juice and widely consumed as beverage is lime. Lime has a sour taste because it has main content of citric acid. Purpose: The aim of this study was to determine the effect of prolonged lime juice consumption to the roughness of nanohybrid composite surface. Methods: 24 composite nanohybrid samples sized 5x2 mm divided into 4 groups. The control group was immersed in sterile water, the treatment group was immersed in lime juice for 2.5 hours, 15 hours and 30 hours. Before and after immersion, all samples were tested using a Surface Roughness Tester. Data were tested statistically. Results: Kruskal Wallis Test and Tukey HSD showed significant changes in surface roughness after being immersed in lime juice. Group of 30 hours immersion obtained the greatest increase in surface roughness. Conclusion: The 30 hours immersed composite group has rougher surface than 15 hours. The 15 hours immersed composite group has rougher surface than 2,5 hours
UJI SITOTOKSISITAS EKSTRAK DAUN MIMBA (Azadirachta indica) TERHADAP SEL FIBROBLAS BHK 21
Authors: Restiani Qurni , Rukmo Mandojo , Juniarti Devi Eka
Published: July 2020

Background: The leaves of neem (Azadirachta indicia) is one of herbal medicine that recommended as an alternative material of root canal irrigants. The active ingredients of neem leaves such as alkaloids, tannins, saponins and flavonoids has been proven to have antibacterial activity against E. faecalis. The ideal properties of an alternative material of root canal irrigants is not only have antibacterial activity but also is not toxic to the tissues, but the toxicity of neem leaves remains unclear until now. Objective: The aims of this study to determine the toxicity effect of neem leaves extract in specific concentration. Methods: This research was an experimental laboratory in vitro study of baby hamster kidney fibroblast (BHK-21). The neem leaves extract was made by maceration method using ethanol 96% and certain dilution performed to obtain various concentrations. Cytotoxicity test was conducted by MTT assay and the optical density was measured using ELISA reader at wavelength of 620 nm. Then, the optical density values were calculated using the formula for determining the number of survival fibroblasts after tested. Results: The percentage of survival fibroblast at concentration of 50%, 55%, 60%, 65%, 70%, 75%, 80%, 85%, 90%, 95, and 100% in sequence were 71.3%, 64, 2%, 62%, 60.2%, 40.1%, 36.3%, 36.7%, 29%, 28.4%, 27.5%, and 25.6% . Conclusion: The extract of neem leaves (Azadirachta indica) has cytotoxic effects at concentration of 70% up to 100%.
Perbedaan daya pembersih kavitas saponin ekstrak kulit manggis (Garcinia mangostana Linn) 0,78% dan asam sitrat 6% (The difference of 0,78% saponin from mangosteen pericarp extract and 6% citric acid for cleanliness of cavity)
Authors: Setianingrum Ivon Dewi , Suardita Ketut , Subiyanto Ari , Wahjuningrum Dian Agustin
Published: July 2020

Background: Cleanliness of cavity is considered important for a restoration. Smear layer formed after cavity preparation should be removed in order not to disrupt the bond adhesion between restorative materials and dental cavities. Saponins contained in mangosteen pericarp (Garcinia mangostana L.) have surfactant properties that can eliminate the smear layer assessed. 6% citric acid is a chelating agent which can eliminate the inorganic particles of the smear layer. Until now, the research on the differences of 0,78% saponin from mangosteen pericarp extract and 6% citric acid for cleanliness of cavity has never been done. Purpose: To see the differences between 0,78% saponin from mangosteen pericarp extract and 6% citric acid as cavity cleanser. Method: Eighteen human teeth with complete crown, no caries,  and no fractures were randomized in 3 groups (n≥6), in this experiment use (n=6). The cavity was prepared using wheels bur for hand use instrument. After instrumentation, each cavity on the first group used  0,78% saponin from mangosteen pericarp extract as cavity cleanser, the second group used 6% citric acid as cavity cleanser, and the control group used aquadest. Then, the teeth were split to be observed on Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM). Result: For Mann- Whitney test there were significant differences just between 078% saponin from mangosteen pericarp extract with 6% citric acid, and 6% citric acid with aquadest, but not for 0,78% saponin from mangosteen pericarp extract with aquadest. Median value of 6% citric acid showed 2,000 which is the smallest value compared to the value of the other groups. Conclusion: The cleanliness of cavity with 6% citric acid is better than that with 0,78%  saponin from mangosteen pericarp extract.
Kemampuan Bioaktif Glass (Novamin) dan Casein Peptide Amorphous Calcium Phosphate (CPP-ACP) terhadap Demineralisasi Enamel
Authors: H Jeanny Kathleen , Lunardhi Cecilia G.J. , Subiyanto Ari
Published: July 2020

Background: Oral cavity is always associated with a dynamic atmosphere where the process of demineralization and remineralization will continue to occur. Caries is a pathological state of continuous demineralization process. Prevention of the occurrence of demineralization process can be done by enhancing remineralization, materials that can be used materials that can trigger a process of remineralization include fluoride, cpp-acp, and novamin. Purpose: The aim of this study was to evaluate and compare the potential of bioactive-Glass (Novamin) and casein phosphopeptide-amorphous calcium phosphate (CPP-ACP) containing dentifrice on enamel demineralization. Method: A total of 24 sound human premolars were divided into 4 groups and continued into pH cycling regime to be evaluated with Scanning Electron Microscope – Energy Dispersive X-Ray. Result: Group D showed significantly higher values (P < 0.05) when compared with less demineralization lesion than Group A, B, and C. Conclusions: The ability of Novamin on demineralization lesions better than CPP-ACP.
PERBEDAAN KEKERASAN PERMUKAAN ENAMEL SETELAH APLIKASI FLUORIDE VARNISH DAN CASEIN PHOSPO PEPTIDE-AMORPHOUS CALSIUM PHOSPHATE FLUORIDE (CPP-ACPF) (PENELITIAN IN VITRO)
Authors: Puspita Sinta , Soetojo Adioro , Kunarti Sri
Published: July 2020

Background: Caries is a chronic, slowly progressing disease, with symptoms not detected at the onset of the disease but generally much later. Its initiation is associated with demineralization (calcium and phosphate loss) of subsurface tooth enamel, resulting in the formation of a subsurface lesion. To restore the natural equilibrium, either remineralization must be enhanced or demineralization must be retarded. There are some topical agents that can enhance remineralization such as topical fluor and casein phosphopeptide – amorphous calcium phosphate (CPP-ACP). Purpose: The aim of this study is to analyze the differences of the enamel surface microhardness after application of fluoride varnish and CPP-ACPF. Methode: 27 blocks bovine enamel were devided into 3 groups. Group 1 – control (No surface treatment), group 2 – fluoride varnish and group 3 – CPP-ACPF. Initial surface hardness enamel was measured for all enamel specimens. Artificial enamel carious lesions were created by immersing enamel samples to demineralization solution (pH 4,5) for 72 hours at temperature 370 C. The surface microhardness of demineralized enamel specimens was measured. A caries progression test (pH cycling) was carried out, which consisted of alternative demineralization (3 hours), remineralization with artificial saliva (21 hours) and application topical agent twice a day for 14 days. Then, the last surface enamel microhardness is measured. Result: Group 3 showed significantly highest Vickers hardness number (P<0,05) followed by group 2 and the lowest is group 1. Conclusions: This study proved that enamel surface microhardness after application of CPP-ACPF was higher than fluoride varnish.
EKSPRESI Nuclear Factor of Activated T cells c-1 (NFATc-1) DAN OSTEOKALSIN PADA KERUSAKAN TULANG PERIAPIKAL AKIBAT INDUKSI BAKTERI Enterococcus faecalis
Authors: Hadi Arindah , Roelianto M. , Subiyanto Ari , Yuanita Tamara
Published: July 2020

Background. The main etiology of endodontic treatment failure is caused by bacteries that stay in the root canal. E.faecalis is a bactery that is found as an etiology of endodontic treatment failure. Cell wall of this bacteria is containing Lipoteichoic acid (LTA). LTA can penetrate into the periradicular tissue, act as endotoxin in host and cause periradicular inflammation then lead to bone destruction. Bone destruction occurs due to the inflammation process that is mediated by immune system. The important cell in the process of bone destruction is osteoclast. Bone destruction is marked by the form of osteoclast that is called osteoclastogenesis. NFATc-1 and osteocalcin play important things in osteoclastogenesis. Purpose. The aim of this study is to know about the expression of NFATc-1 and osteocalcin during the periapical bone destruction due to induction of E.faecalis. Method. This study used laboratory experimental with the post test only control group design. A total of 54 male rats were randomly divided into 2 main groups, which each main group had 3 subgroups. Group A (control) : every tooth was induced only by sterile BHIb. Group A had 3 subgroups (A Control day 3, 10, and 21), group B : every tooth was induced by 10 μl BHI-b E.faecalis ATCC212(106 CFU), it was contained 3 sub groups (B day 3,10, and 21). The animals were sacrificed based on their days scheduled group and prepared for histological examination of periapical bone, then we did the immunohistochemistry followed by calculation on the light microscope. Result. The analysis revealed that the expression of NFATc-1 and osteoclast increased significantly in group B when E.faecalis was induced. Conclusion. From this study we know that the expression of NFATc-1 and osteocalcin are increasing during the periapical bone destruction that induced by E.faecalis.
EKSPRESI TGF-B DAN MMP-1 PADA PERIODONTITIS APIKALIS KRONIS AKIBAT INDUKSI BAKTERI ENTEROCOCCUS FAECALIS TIKUS WISTAR
Authors: Yuanita Tamara , Hotmaria Hadriany , Effendy Ruslan , Suardita Ketut
Published: July 2020

Background. The main etiology of endodontic treatment failure  is caused by bacteries that stay in the root canal. E.faecalis is a bactery that is found as an etiology of endodontic treatment failure. Cell wall of this bacteria is containing Lipoteichoic acid (LTA). LTA can penetrate into the periradicular tissue, act as endotoxin in host and cause periradicular inflammation and destruction. It occurs due to the capability of TGF-ß to enhance the proliferation collagen and MMP-1 to stop the collagen formation. The ability of enterococcus faecalis in enhancing inflamation process cause host can not reach the homeostasis phase and performing an even bigger tissue damage. Purpose. The aim of this study is to know about the expression of of TGF-ß and MMP-1 during the periapical tissue damage due to induction of E.faecalis. Method. This study used laboratory experimental with the post test only control group design. A total of 27 male rats were randomly divided into 3 main groups. Group A (negative control) : every tooth was’nt induced by anything. Group B ( positive control): every tooth was induced only by sterile BHIb and closed by GIC Fuji II as the final restoration. Group C (: every tooth was induced by 10 μl BHI-b E.faecalis ATCC212(106 CFU), and closed by GIC Fuji II as the final restoration. The animals were sacrificed after 21 days and prepared for histological examination of tissue damage, then we did the immunohistochemistry  followed by calculation on the light microscope. Result. The analysis revealed that the expression of MMP-1 increased significantly in group C when E.faecalis was induced. When expression of TGF-ß decreaced significantly in group C rather than group B.  Conclusion. From this study we know that the expression of TGF-ß and MMP-1 are make opposite pathway due to chronic apical periodontitis that induced by E.faecalis.
Perbedaan kekuatan geser resin komposit nanohybrid dengan teknik water-wet bonding dan ethanol-wet bonding terhadap dentin
Authors: Dwiyanti Fara , Effendy Ruslan , Setyabudi Setyabudi
Published: July 2020

Background: Composite resins are widely used today to replace lost tooth structure. Bonding between dentin and resin is a complex process that is influenced by several factors; one of which is ambient humidity. During drying after acid etching, it is recommended not to leave the surface of preparation too dry or too wet. If the surface is too dry, collagen will shrink and collapse. As a result, the bonding material cannot penetrate into the cavity between the fibers. If the dentine is too wet, the bonding material will also be difficult to bind with the collagen, either chemically or mechanically. The amount of water around the collagen closely correlates with the moisture created around the dentin surface during the drying process and also whether or not a rubber dam was used during the preparation process. This study is aimed to compare water wet bonding and ethanol wet bonding technique to control humidity. One way of measuring the strength of bonding is to measure shear strength. Purpose: to compare water wet-bonding and ethanol wet-bonding technique.Materials and Methods: 32 samples of bovine teeth incisors were randomly divided into 2 group. Each group consists of sixteen samples. Group 1 is treated with water wet-bonding,group 2 is treated with ethanol wet-bonding. Results: There is significant difference between group 1 and group 2. Conclusion: Shear bond strength of the composite resin bonding on dentin with ethanol wet-bonding technique is higher than the shear bond strength of the composite bonding on dentin with water wet-bonding.
Perbedaan Kekerasan Permukaan Resin Komposit Nanohybrid Setelah Direndam Minuman Soda Bergula dan Beraspartam
Authors: Dewi Rahayu Sukma , Setyowati Laksmiari , Subiwahjudi Agus
Published: July 2020

Background: Nanohybrid composite has filler with variation of size and contain nano-sized particles. The decreasing of surface hardness can be occured because consumption of acid pH beverages, carbondioxide (CO2) from soft drinks and water. Sugary soft drink (coca-cola) has lower pH than aspartame soft drink (coca-cola zero). Besides the difference of pH, aspartame soft drink (coca-cola zero) contains fenilalanin amino acid the product of hydrolisis reaction of aspartame so the acid environment become neutral. Purpose: To view the differences of nanohybrid resin composite after being soaked in sugary soft drink and aspartame soft drink. Methods: There are significant differences between samples being soaked in aquades and aspartame soft drink (coca-cola zero) and sugary soft drink (coca-cola). There are significant differences between aspartame soft drink (coca-cola zero) and sugary soft drink (coca-cola). Conclusion: Surface hardness of nanohybrid resin composite is lower after being soaked in sugary soft drink (coca-cola) than after being soaked in aspartame soft drink (coca-cola zero).
Kekuatan Perlekatan Geser Tumpatan Semen Ionomer Kaca pada Dentin setelah Aplikasi Dentin Conditioner dan Cavity Conditioner
Authors: Wardani Dewi Kusuma , Effendy Ruslan , Saraswati Widya
Published: July 2020

Backround: Smear layer formed during cavity preparation interfere with the adhesion between restoration and tooth structure and is considered a barrier that would degrade the quality of adhesion. Smear layer does not have a stable substrate for adhesion, gradually layer dissolves in the restorative material and cause microleakage, penetration of bacteria and inflammation of the pulp. Adhesion to dentin is more difficult to achieve than enamel, therefore the cleaning procedure on dentin require special treatment. Conditioner form a weak acid is used to remove the smear layer and surface contamination on the email or dentin which can reduce the adhesion of the material and the tooth surface. Dentin conditioner is an acid material containing 10% polyacrylic acid conditioner while Cavity conditioner an acid material containing 20% polyacrylic acid and 3% aluminum chloride. The higher the concentration, the more smear layer is dissolved in order to obtain adhesion of glass ionomer cements better because it is not blocked by the smear layer. Purpose: The purpose of this laboratory research is to study the shear bond strength of glass ionomer cement in dentin after application dentin conditioner and cavity conditioner .Material and Method: Twenty seven bovine cow's teeth were divided into three groups. Each group consisted of nine samples. Group 1 was control (without conditioner). Group 2 was treated with the Dentin conditioner. Group 3 was treated with the Cavity conditioner. Result: The average shear bond strength in group 1 is 3.31 Mpa, group 2 is 7.74 MPa and group 3 is 9.92 Mpa. Conclusion: There is a significant difference between third group and the shear bond strength of glass ionomer cement on dentin with application of the Cavity conditioner is higher than with application of the Dentin conditioner and without application conditioner
PERBEDAAN KHASIAT ANTIBAKTERI BAHAN IRIGASI LARUTAN PROPOLIS DAN SODIUM HYPOCHLORITE TERHADAP BAKTERI Streptococcus viridans
Authors: Kusumawardhani Tabita , Sukaton Sukaton , Sudirman Achmad
Published: July 2020

Background. Bacteria is main etiologycal factor of pulpo-periapical disease. Therefore, eliminating bacteria is the important part on root canal treatment. It can be obtained by using irrigation agent that has antibacterial effect and endodontic sterilization agent. Beside of its antibacterial effect, the ideal irrigation agent should has an ability to remove necrotic tissue and less toxic. Propolis is well known as a natural substain that has antibacterial effect and less toxicity. So, it has a potential use as irrigation agent compared with common root canal irrigation agent, sodium hypochloryte. Purpose. The aim of this study was to observed the difference of antibacterial effect between propolis solution and sodium hypochlorite. Method. Nine samples of Streptococcus viridans were prepared and each sample devided into three parts namely group P (propolis solution), group N (sodium hypochlorite), and control group S (saline). Each group was treated with 0,01 cc agent of root canal irrigation, then was stored in incubator 370C for 24 hours. After that, inhibition zone diameter of  each group was observed.Result. The average of inhibition zone diameters in sodium hypochlorite’s group was 23,47 mm; in propolis solution’s group was 18,70 mm. There were significant difference of antibacterial effect between propolis solution and sodium hypochlorite, against Streptococcus viridans.  Conclussion. Antibacterial effect of sodium hypochlorite is higher than propolis solution, but we should consider the potential use of natural agent-propolis solution as root canal irrigation due to its antibacterial effect.
Hubungan Tindakan Kesehatan Gigi Dan Mulut Pasien Terhadap Kepatuhan Dalam Menjalani Perawatan Berulang
Authors: Mujahidin Ahmad , Sampoerna Galih
Published: July 2020

Background. Oral health problems in the community one of them is behavioral factors of oral hygiene. It is associated with the treatment that requires patients to make treatment stages that can’t be resolved by the operator in a single visit. Treatment done by because there are some conditions such as emergency cases, complicated and requires a lot of time. Purpose. The aim of the study was look at the relationship between dental health measures to compliance with repeated treatments. Method. This study is an observative analytical research using cross sectional design. research is divided into two parts, to find level of dental health action and  Patient Compliance In Repeated Treatment. Level of oral hygiene of patients is knew by questionnaire. Compliance is measured by looking at the card status of patients. Result. Found 45.71% of respondents have a high health measures on dental health, while another 11.43% having low health measures on dental and oral health. Then there is also a health measure as much as 42.86% of patients who were. A total of 68.57% of people dutifully repeated during treatment and no patient who did not obey repeated during treatment. A total of 11 patients from 35 patient trial (31.43%) patient compliance in a state of being. Once associated with poorer spearman correlation test statistic p-value = 0.882. Conclusion. There was no significant relationship between dental health action patient on patients compliance in repeated treatments. It is seen from the p-value> 0.05 in spearmen correlation of test results.
The Difference of The Effects of Conventional Flowable Composite and Self-Adhering Flowable Composite on BHK-21 Fibroblast Cells
Authors: Bhardwaj Anuj , Sukaton S. , Puspitasari Anggi , Saraswati Widya
Published: July 2020

Background: One type of composite resin material on the market is flowable composites (FC) which has low viscosity, can be applied to areas with low stress or require good penetration such as pit and fissure sealants, restoration of class II, class III, and class V. Along with technology development, self-adhering flowable composite (SAFC) material has been developed which shorten the applications time because it combines etch, priming, and bonding in one system. The incomplete composite polymerization process can release residual monomers which affect pulp and gingiva The effects of composite materials can be seen from the viability of BHK-21 fibroblast cells after being exposed by these materials. Aims: Determine the viability of BHK-21 cells after being exposed to conventional flowable composite (CFC) and SAFC. Method: The research was in-vitro experimental laboratory with post-test only control group design. BHK-21 cell cultures were included in a 96-well microplate and divided into control group (N=16) and two treated groups (N=16). The treated group was given CFC and SAFC in a disk form with 5mm in diameter and 2,5mm in thickness, then incubated for 24 hours. MTT was given, the optical density value was read by ELISA reader and cell viability was calculated. Optical density data were analyzed using Tukey HSD to compare between groups. Results: The BHK-21 cells viabitlity of SAFC group is greater than the CFC, , indicated by the optical density SAFC (value=0.1233) and CFC (value=0.0936). Conclusion: The viability of BHK-21 cells exposed to SAFC is higher than that of CFC.
Kekuatan Perlekatan Tarik Komposit Resin Pada Permukaan Enamel Dengan dan Tanpa Perlakuan Fluor
Authors: Prasetyo Edhie Arif , Lunardhi Cecilia G.J. , Setiawan Arif
Published: July 2020

Background: Several studies showed that treatment of fluoride in enamel has an important role in the prevention of caries in patients with a history of high risk caries. Enamel are often exposed to fluoride forms a new bond (fluoroapatite) which is stable and difficult to dissolve in acidic conditions. And it affects in the adhesion strength of a composite restorative materials. Objective: To prove the difference tensile strength attachment surface tooth enamel with fluoride treatment and no fluoride treatment. Materials and Methods: 14 samples of bovine teeth were divided into two groups, each group consisting of 7 samples. After preparation, sample immersed in artificial saliva with pH 4.6 for three hours. Group I sample with fluoride treatment, group II sample without fluoride treatment, both groups then immersed in artificial saliva with pH 7 for 14 days. Then samples were inserted into plunger and withdrawn with the autograph engine. Data were analyzed using Independent t-test (p <0.05). Results: Treatment of fluoride that generates a new bond (fluoroapatite) that is resistant to acidic conditions. This led to reducing of enamel dissolution by acid etching so that decrease the porosity ofenamel that causes the attachment strength of the composite againts enamel is reduced. Conclusions: The strength of the composite tensile adhesion to enamel with fluoride treatment is lower than the enamel without fluoride treatments. Keywords: Enamel, fluoride, high risk caries, tensile strength, composite
Contribution Succinonitrile Additive for Performa LiTFSi Solid Polymer Electrolytes for Li-Ion Battery
Authors: Sabrina Qolby , Lestariningsih Titik , Ratri Christin Rina , Subhan Achmad
Published: July 2020

The purpose of this study is to evaluate the performance of Solid Polymer Electrolyte (SPE) which has the role of replacing liquid electrolyte in the battery system to reduce leakage. Evaluation of electrochemical SPE consisted of mixture lithium salt, solid plasticizer, and polymer precursor with different ratio. Impedance spectroscopy was used to investigate ionic conduction and dielectric response lithium bis(trifluoromethane)sulfony imide (LiTFSI) salt, and additive succinonitrile (SCN) plasticizer. The result showing enhanced high ionic conductivity. In half-cell configurations, wide electrochemical stability window of the SPE has been tested. The great potential of SPE for applications in lithium-ion batteries can be seen from the ability of window stability at room temperature. Additive SCN contributes to forming pores that make it easier for the Li-ion to move from the anode to the cathode and vice versa for better perform SPE. Pore of SPE has been characterization with FE-SEM. Additive 50% w.t SCN shows the best ionic conductivity with 4.2 volt wide stability window and pretty much invisible pores.
Math Students help their Community develop Balanced Refuse Collection Routes
Authors: Vasko Francis Joseph , Andris Sean , Bailey Brian , Ritzko Joe
Published: July 2020

In fall of 2017, the Superintendent of Public Works for Kutztown Borough approached Kutztown Universityâ€™s Department of Mathematics seeking help in â€œre-balancingâ€ refuse collection routes in the Borough of Kutztown.Â  Historically, refuse was collected two days a week on the south side (Mondays and Thursdays) of Main Street and two days a week on the north side (Tuesdays and Fridays) of Main Street.Â  Wednesdays were used for recycling collection.Â  Over the years, new housing development was primarily on the north side of Main Street.Â  As a result of this development, refuse collection time had become â€œunbalancedâ€; requiring more time for the north side collection.Â  During the spring semester 2018, several math majors in their last semester at Kutztown University developed a new refuse collection strategy.Â  This strategy balanced collection times over the four collection days and just as importantly, minimized the modifications to the existing routes.Â  Additionally, a minimum number of residents were impacted while accounting for future housing development.Â  Their strategy has been successfully used in the Borough of Kutztown since August 2018.
Student perspectives on their engagement with a mathematics support centre website.
Authors: Mac an Bhaird CiarÃ¡n , Mulligan Peter , O'Malley James
Published: July 2020

In this paper, we focus on survey results of studentsâ€™ use of a Mathematics Support Centre website. We discuss potential modifications to the advertisement of our online services based on student responses. We also consider the purpose of an MSC website and who should be responsible, in an institution, for the provision of topic specific online resources for students.
Pre-university informal engagement with mathematical activities and the decision to study mathematics at university
Authors: Steckles Katie , Rowlett Peter , Ugonna Angharad
Published: July 2020

A survey was created to investigate the experiences of mathematics undergraduates with informal mathematical activity prior to starting university, and links these with the decision to study mathematics. A questionnaire was completed by a small sample of first-year undergraduates at two UK universities. Generally, incoming undergraduates are shown to have a high level of enjoyment of mathematics and engagement with informal mathematical activity. Popular activities included mathematical puzzles and games, and online videos about maths. Students were often engaged with family or via social media, playing computer, tablet or phone games, watching TV game shows with mathematical aspects and participating in organised competitions. Only around half engaged via talks or workshops organised through school and watching more structured documentaries or videos of lectures. Few participated in organised clubs. It seems there was greater engagement with â€˜funâ€™ aspects of mathematics than with activities which demonstrate mathematics linked to career choice. The link to goals of outreach and similar initiatives is discussed, with further research indicated.
Rearranging equations: (concepts â€“ misconceptions) Ã— peer discussion
Authors: Lishchynska Maryna , Palmer Catherine , Crowley Julie
Published: July 2020

Transposition of formulae (also known as rearranging equations and changing the subject) is a skill vital for professionals in many fields of science and engineering. It is however a topic with which many students, and particularly students of weaker algebraic competency, struggle and often do not master sufficiently. This paper proposes an intervention strategy for improved teaching and learning of transposition of formulae at third level. The intervention aims to address three key issues thought to inhibit studentsâ€™ understanding of the topic: (1) a lack of conceptual understanding of equations and equality, (2) prior misconceptions and (3) a fast paced learning environment that does not account for diversity in knowledge and aptitude. The strategy consists of three hour-long lesson plans that emphasise conceptual understanding while also dispelling the relevant misconceptions, using a peer discussion teaching model as a vehicle for consolidating and propagating the right concepts. To account for diversity in prior knowledge and aptitude an online tutorial on the topic of transposition has been developed using an online e-assessment platform that allows students to practice at their own pace and receive instant feedback as they progress.
An analysis of student reflections of semester projects in introductory statistics courses
Authors: Spindler Richard
Published: July 2020

Projects in an introductory statistics course have been implemented for many years as an authentic assessment and learning activity. This article examines student perceptions toward semester projects and the relationship of those perceptions to outcomes. Student semester project data including personal reflections and assessment scores from 254 undergraduate students in six semesters of introductory statistics were analysed using qualitative and quantitative methods, relying heavily on content analysis. The projects comprehensively assessed introductory statistics content, and student reflections were based on three prompts. High levels of learning and interest were reported by the students. Workload issues were not expressed by students to an appreciable degree. Finally, this study illustrates the value of using qualitative methods with case studies to inform teaching and learning.
Supporting nursing studentsâ€™ mathematical understanding
Authors: Hodds Mark
Published: July 2020

A key component of any nursing course is the ability to confidently, and competently, use basic mathematical skills. Indeed, without such skills they would be unable to work safely and successfully in the profession (McMullan, Jones, and Lea, 2012; Choudhary and Malthus, 2017). Furthermore, many nursing students come on to their courses having not studied any form of formal mathematics for years and are very likely to have some form of maths anxiety (McMullan, Jones, and Lea, 2012). sigma Maths Support at Coventry University have developed a programme, in partnership with the Faculty of Health and Life Sciences (HLS), to support these students with their mathematical skills using a variety of small interventions. The interventions require little time and effort to prepare and have proven to be very successful. This article will discuss the methods used, including diagnostic testing, the use of â€˜Numbasâ€™, and self-explanation training (as described in Hodds, 2017), alongside the outcomes of the programme.
Mathematics support centre attendees and their use of online resources
Authors: Mac an Bhaird CiarÃ¡n , Mulligan Peter , O'Malley James
Published: July 2020

In this paper we consider survey results which focus on student use of online resources, where all respondents were attendees of a Mathematics Support Centre. We see that while most respondents are engaging with online resources, some are not using resources in an appropriate fashion. We discuss how these preliminary findings might inform discussions on the merits, or otherwise, of institutions providing training for students on their use of online materials. We also identify several areas of potential further research.
Comparison of Digital Image Analysis and Conventional Microscopy in Evaluating Erythrocyte Morphology in Peripheral Blood Smears
Authors: Yturralde Erick Martin , Bulseco-Damian Karen , Geraldino Nelson
Published: July 2020

Background and Objectives. The use of conventional microscopy still forms the basis for the morphologic evaluation of erythrocytes despite widespread use of automated tests in the hematology laboratory. This requires a considerable length of time and expertise, and have the potential of becoming a source of errors and delay in reporting. Advances in image processing and machine learning in recent years have shown acceptable performance characteristics and have promising applications in the diagnostic laboratory. Use of these newly-developed technologies can address the stated problems and provide an alternative approach in the microscopic analysis of erythrocytes.
Methodology. This prospective validation study compared digital image analysis using a machine-learning based image recognition algorithm with conventional microscopy performed by a trained microscopist, which served as the reference standard. Random deidentified anticoagulated peripheral blood samples submitted to the hematology laboratory were assessed.
Results. A total of 956 erythrocytes were evaluated after image processing using support vector machine and routine microscopy as classifiers of erythrocytes into three categories: size, central pallor, and shape. The tested software was able to achieve a strong level of agreement compared to conventional microscopy, having kappa values ranging from 0.81 to 0.86. Accuracy for size, central pallor and shape were 89.88%, 93.72% and 87.89%, respectively.
Conclusion. The validated image recognition software is an acceptable diagnostic test in determining erythrocyte morphology in peripheral blood smears. Its integration can potentially minimize hands-on time and improve the diagnostic laboratory workflow.
Registration. Philippine Health Research Registry (PHRR) ID: PHRR191211-002348; University of the Philippines Manila Research Ethics Board (UPMREB): 2019-356-01.
Elaboración y pertinencia de la matriz de consistencia cualitativa para las investigaciones en ciencias sociales
Authors: Giesecke Sara Lafosse Mercedes P.
Published: July 2020

Este trabajo es un aporte para los investigadores y tesista de ciencias sociales que quieran situar sus proyectos de investigación desde un enfoque cualitativo. La matriz de consistencia cualitativa (MCc) es un instrumento metodológico que posibilita sistematizar, analizar y comprender los procedimientos y avances de una investigación que implica fenómenos, hechos, situaciones y sujetos que difieren en su naturaleza y estructura con los objetos y tópicos trabajados por el enfoque cuantitativo; a diferencia del diseño, estructuración y operativización de variables para validar la pertinencia y viabilidad del proyecto de investigación, que se resume en la verificación y el desarrollo de la matriz de consistencia cuantitativa (MCC) o matriz lógica deductiva.