bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
A health literacy analysis of the consumer-oriented COVID-19 information produced by ten state health departments
Authors: Mani Nandita S. , Ottosen Terri , Fratta Megan , Yu Fei
Published: October 2021

Objective: The COVID-19 pandemic highlights the public’s need for quality health information that is understandable. This study aimed to identify (1) the extent to which COVID-19 messaging by state public health departments is understandable, actionable, and clear; (2) whether materials produced by public health departments are easily readable; (3) relationships between material type and understandability, actionability, clarity, and reading grade level; and (4) potential strategies to improve public health messaging around COVID-19. Methods: Based on US Centers for Disease Control and Prevention statistics from June 30, 2020, we identified the ten states with the most COVID-19 cases and selected forty-two materials (i.e., webpages, infographics, and videos) related to COVID-19 prevention according to predefined eligibility criteria. We applied three validated health literacy tools (i.e., Patient Education Materials Assessment Tool, CDC Clear Communication Index, and Flesch-Kincaid Grade Level) to assess material understandability, actionability, clarity, and readability. We also analyzed correlations between scores on the three health literacy tools and material types.Results: Overall, COVID-19 materials had high understandability and actionability but could be improved in terms of clarity and readability. Material type was significantly correlated with understandability, actionability, and clarity. Infographics and videos received higher scores on all tools.Conclusions: Based on our findings, we recommend public health entities apply a combination of these tools when developing health information materials to improve their understandability, actionability, and clarity. We also recommend using infographics and videos when possible, taking a human-centered approach to information design, and providing multiple modes and platforms for information delivery.
Mapping the biomedical sciences using Medical Subject Headings: a comparison between MeSH co-assignments and MeSH citation pairs
Authors: Shu Fei , Qiu Junping , Larivière Vincent
Published: October 2021

Objective: This study compares two maps of biomedical sciences using Medical Subject Headings (MeSH) term co-assignments versus MeSH terms of citing/cited articles and reveals similarities and differences between the two approaches. Methods: MeSH terms assigned to 397,475 journal articles published in 2015, as well as their 4,632,992 cited references, were retrieved from Web of Science and MEDLINE databases, respectively, which formed over 7 million MeSH co-assignments and nearly 18 million direct citation pairs. We generated six network visualizations of biomedical science at three levels using Gephi software based on these MeSH co-assignments and citation pairs.Results: The MeSH co-assignment map contained more nodes and edges, as MeSH co-assignments cover all medical topics discussed in articles. By contrast, the MeSH citation map contained fewer but larger nodes and wider edges, as citation links indicate connections to two similar medical topics. Conclusion: These two types of maps emphasize different aspects of biomedical sciences, with MeSH co-assignment maps focusing on the relationship between topics in different categories and MeSH direct citation maps providing insights into relationships between topics in the same or similar category.
Increasing student engagement using an Amazing Race–style competition
Authors: Gorman Emily F.
Published: October 2021

Background: Game-based learning is a successful strategy for teaching various concepts to students, from general orientations to more in-depth material. Pharmacy students in a first-year lab course were introduced to library and drug information resources through a lecture-style class in their first week of school, which was ineffective in terms of engagement. To combat this issue, the pharmacy liaison librarian advocated for moving this class session later in the semester and proposed a game-based activity to replace the lecture.Case Presentation: “The Amazing Race: Drug Information Edition” was inspired by a well-known TV competition that involves completing several stages (called “legs”) of challenges to finish the race. The librarian developed questions designed to make students use various parts of the library website as well as two drug information databases. Students competed in teams, and the first three teams to complete the race were awarded small prizes. The race was first implemented in 2018, and modifications were made to the 2019 iteration based on student feedback.Conclusions: Despite several challenges, the race was well received by both the students and the course instructors and increased engagement with introductory library and drug information material. The activity has enhanced the librarian’s relationship and collaboration with the course faculty and made a positive impression on the students.
Erika Love (1925–2020)
Authors: Hannigan Gale G. , Cleveland Ana D. , Eldredge Jonathan D.
Published: October 2021

Erika Love, MLA president and early advocate for research in libraries, died October 8, 2020. Erika held many leadership positions in the profession and received several MLA awards recognizing her contributions. She has been called "the midwife" of MLA's early research initiatives [1].
Succeeding in Academic Medicine: A Roadmap for Diverse Medical Students and Residents
Authors: Levin Len
Published: October 2021

Book Review
International health library associations urge the ICMJE to seek information specialists as peer reviewers for knowledge synthesis publications
Authors: Iverson Sandy , Della Seta Maurella , Lefebvre Carol , Ritchie Ann , Traditi Lisa , Baliozian Kevin
Published: October 2021

N/A
Sociality and the Need for the Epistemology of Social Relatedness: IJSS Editorial Statement
Authors: Omodan Bunmi , Dube Bekithemba
Published: October 2021

As our inaugural statement, this article conceptualises sociality, which forms the focus of the "Interdisciplinary Journal of Sociality Studies". We reinvigorated its “scope and focus” for the cognisance of our potential authors. We also explicated, step by step, our fundamental editorial process, including the issue of originality, trustworthiness and misconduct, ethical considerations, citation and referencing style, disclosure and conflict of interest, permissions and acknowledgement, as part of our quality production process. The article also presents the academic background of all our inaugural editorial team to display the potential of IJSS towards the production of quality knowledge on sociality studies. Based on this exploration, we conclude that IJSS accommodates any scholarly articles that solve social-related problems with an iota of sociological and emancipatory tendency involving humans and their relationships with but not limited to environment, objects and subjects. Therefore, we recommend that all potential authors ensure that the author guidelines' instructions are strictly adhered to while preparing for submission.
French translation and validation of the Keele STarT MSK Tool
Authors: Beaudart Charlotte , Criscenzo Lorédana , Demoulin Christophe , Bornheim Stephen , van Beveren Julien , Kaux Jean-François
Published: October 2021

Background The Keele STarT MSK Tool is a 10-item questionnaire developed to classify patients suffering from one of the five most common types of musculoskeletal pain into 3 sub-groups of risk of chronic pain (i.e. low risk, medium risk and high risk). Objective The objective of the present study was to translate the Keele STarT MSK Tool into French and to evaluate its main psychometric properties. Methods The translation and intercultural adaptation of the questionnaire were carried out using a 6-step process. The following psychometric properties were investigated: floor and ceiling effects, construct validity, internal consistency and test-retest reliability including Standard Error of Measurement and Smallest Detectable Change. Results 101 patients suffering from musculoskeletal pain participated in the study. No floor nor ceiling effects were observed. A Cronbach’s alpha of 0.65 was found, revealing a moderate internal consistency. Nevertheless, all items were demonstrated to be significantly correlated with the total score (range of correlations: r=0.2 for item 7 to r=0.78 for item 1). A good construct validity was also found with a significant correlation of r=0.78 between the French Keele STarT MSK Tool and the ÖMPSQ-short. Test-retest reliability was excellent (Intraclass Correlation Coefficient 0.97). A Standard Error of Measurement of 0.42 and a Smallest Detectable Change of ±1.17 were measured. Conclusion A validated French version of the Keele STarT MSK Tool is now available and can be used by health practitioners to stratify patients as being at low, medium or high risk of persistent musculoskeletal pain.
Interview with the Authors: A Cultural Challenge: Teaching Mathematics to Non-mathematicians
Authors: Osborn Judy-anne
Published: October 2021

An interview with the authors of ``A Cultural Challenge: Teaching Mathematics to Non-mathematicians'',  Maple Trans. 1, 1, Article 6 (July 2021).  This interview was conducted by Dr Judy-anne Osborn, with authors Andie Burazin, Veselin Jungic and Miroslav Lovric, on Thursday 8th July Australian Eastern Standard Time via Zoom.
Oyster Shell Waste (Crassostrea Gigas) as A Cheap Adsorbent for Adsorption Of Methylene Blue Dyes: Equilibrium and Kinetics Studies
Authors: Muhammad Muhammad , Meriatna Meriatna , Afriani Nia , Mulyawan Rizka
Published: October 2021

In this study, Oyster (Crassostrea gigas) shell powder which contains calcium carbonate (CaCO3) was converted into calcium oxide (CaO). The Oyster shell powder that had been activated was utilized for the adsorption of the methylene blue (MB) dyeing material, which is one of waste water concerns. Oyster shells were crushed and sieved into 100 mesh sized powder and then calcinated at a temperature of 600℃ and 800℃ both for 4 hours period. To determine the adsorption equilibrium, methylene blue (MB) solution was used with varying concentration from 10 to 50 mg/L in which the adsorbent weighing 3 g was put into a conical flash and shaken until the adsorption equilibrium was reached. As for the adsorption kinetics, 250 mL MB solution was used with initial concentrations of 10, 20 and 30 mg/L, with an adsorbent weight of 3 g and a solution at pH 11 for each concentration. The evaluation of the experimental data from the adsorption process is well explained by the Freundlich equation, with the correlation coefficient value (R2) found to be 0.9999, where the value of the adsorption intensity (n) is close to unity; this shows that the adsorption is multilayer or in other words the adsorption energy is heterogeneous. The kinetics study also shows that pseudo second-order model is the most applicable to the adsorption process. From the pseudo-second-order model, with the correlation coefficient between 0.9984 - 0.9999 can explain that the methylene blue (MB) adsorption process is chemically based sorption or in other words termed as chemisorption.
El proceso de instrucción de las causas sometidas al arbitraje en el reino de Valencia: el ejemplo de Els Ports y El Maestrat (siglos XIII-XIV)
Authors: Royo Pérez Vicente
Published: October 2021

En este artículo se analiza el proceso de instrucción de las causas resueltas a través de un arbitraje. Tras la firma del compromiso, los mediadores propuestos por las partes inician una labor de investigación que debe conducirles a elaborar una sentencia, acto que cierra el arbitraje. A pesar de la importancia de este momento procesal en el desarrollo de la institución arbitral, los Fueros de Valencia no regulan las tareas que deben llevar a cabo los mediadores ni el tiempo que pueden dedicarles. Del mismo modo, en la práctica cotidiana tampoco existe el hábito de dejar constancia escrita de la actuación de los árbitros entre la rúbrica del compromiso y la publicación de la sentencia. Aún así, es posible conocer las labores que realizan los mediadores gracias a la información contenida en estos dos documentos –compromiso y sentencia–, que muestran la existencia de tres fases bien diferenciadas. Así pues, nuestra intención es analizar estas tres etapas de investigación, análisis y decisión de los litigios sometidos a un arbitraje y, para ello, nuestra atención se centrará en el cuerpo documental producido por los miembros de las diferentes clases sociales de las comarcas de Els Ports y El Maestrat durante los siglos XIII y XIV.
El delito de «sacar armas» en las Edades Media y Moderna: reflexiones en torno a su naturaleza jurídica
Authors: Zambrana Moral Patricia
Published: October 2021

Efectuamos una serie de reflexiones sobre la compleja naturaleza jurídica de una figura de nuestro Derecho penal histórico: el delito de «sacar arma o armas» o «colteyl treyt». Es una conducta que revestía cierta gravedad y que estaba tipificada en la práctica totalidad de las normas penales de los pueblos de lengua catalana e incluso de Navarra, a la que tampoco es ajena la legislación castellana, con menor incidencia. Concretamos los elementos que integran el hecho punible (tenencia del arma, acción consistente en sacarla o mostrarla e intención de amenazar a otra persona). Nos detenemos en aspectos conceptuales y examinamos el bien jurídico protegido en los delitos de tenencia ilícita y uso de armas prohibidas y amenazas. Finalmente, nos ocupamos de la evolución del delito «sacar arma» en la legislación histórica con una perspectiva comparativa, desde la óptica del tipo delictivo, intencionalidad, bien jurídico protegido y penalidad. Tomamos como punto de partida el Liber Iudiciorum, para pasar al Derecho catalán medieval y moderno: Usatges, Costums de Tortosa, Costums d’Orta, Costums de la batllia de Miravet, Consuetudines Ilerdenses, Ordinacions de Girona o Costums de la Torre de l’Espanyol, entre otros textos. Concluimos con el derecho castellano-leonés y otros derechos peninsulares: Fuero de León, Fuero de Logroño, Fuero de Santander, Fuero de Sahagún, Fuero de Oviedo, Fuero de Molina de Aragón, Fuero de Zamora, Fuero de Córdoba; Fuero de Béjar, Fuero Real, Siete Partidas, Fuero General de Navarra, Fuero de Jaca, Fueros de Borja y Zaragoza, Fuero de Teruel, Derecho valenciano, Nueva y Novísima Recopilación.
Los registros de privilegios del concejo de Segovia. Características de un proceso medieval de continuidad jurídico-administrativa
Authors: Juárez Valero Eduardo
Published: October 2021

En el transcurso del proceso de investigación asociado al MOOC La geografía del trazo: de la exploración paleográfica histórica a la creatividad caligráfica perteneciente a la serie de cursos en línea masivos organizados por el Departamento de Biblioteconomía y Documentación de la UC3M, buscando trazos y signos notariales ligados al proceso de validación, encontramos los dos libros de registro de privilegios de la Comunidad de Villa y Tierra de Segovia creados por mandato de Isabel I de Castilla mediante real provisión dada en Barcelona en 1493. Dado que apenas diez años más tarde la misma reina reguló el proceso de constitución de registros y protocolos notariales vigente hasta la ley de 1862, decidimos investigar la razón constitutiva de los citados registros y su importancia como antecedentes de una legislación normativa que habría de utilizarse durante cuatro siglos.
El impacto del aprendizaje-servicio (ApS) en diversas variables psicoeducativas del alumnado universitario: las actitudes cívicas, el pensamiento crítico, las habilidades de trabajo en grupo, la empatía y el autoconcepto. Una revisión sistemática
Authors: Blanco Cano Elvira , García-Martín Judit
Published: October 2021

En los últimos años, el aprendizaje basado en servicio (ApS) ha demostrado ser una metodología educativa efectiva para la adquisición de conocimientos y el desarrollo personal y profesional de los estudiantes en ámbitos universitarios. Sin embargo, falta investigación específica sobre el impacto que este tiene sobre variables psicoeducativas. Es por ello, que el objetivo de este estudio es estudiar detenidamente la relación entre el ApS y las actitudes cívicas, el pensamiento crítico, las habilidades de trabajo en grupo, la empatía y el autoconcepto del alumnado universitario. Se realizó una revisión sistemática de 50 estudios experimentales publicados en el último lustro, sobre la implementación de la metodología y obtenidos a través de las bases de datos Medline, Scopus, Web of Science y PsycInfo. Los resultados muestran que el ApS proporciona al alumnado un contexto de aprendizaje que favorece el desarrollo de su autoeficacia y de su autoestima mientras aprende a reflexionar y resolver problemas de manera más eficaz. Además, al convivir con realidades diferentes a las suyas, aumenta su empatía y su conciencia social convirtiéndolos en ciudadanos responsables. Futuros estudios deberán de analizar los resultados a largo plazo.
La alfabetización académica. Cómo escribir un Trabajo Fin de Estudios
Authors: Pérez-García Carmen
Published: October 2021

La presente reseña expone las claves del monográfico titulado La alfabetización académica. Cómo escribir un Trabajo Fin de Estudios que han realizado varios profesores de la Universidad de Almería. Su objetivo principal es ofrecer ejercicios y recursos útiles para la elaboración del Trabajo Fin de Estudios y otros trabajos de investigación. La obra constituye una referencia ineludible para estudiantes e investigadores interesados en la alfabetización académica.
Políticas curriculares. Experiencias en contextos latinoamericanos
Authors: Esteban Rivera Edwin Roger , Rojas Cotrina Amancio Ricardo
Published: October 2021

El currículo es inherente a todo sistema educativo, puesto que es la concreción del tipo de ser humano que se desea formar. Los currículos responden a las necesidades e intereses de  las sociedades en un tiempo y espacio determinado, desde el punto de vista de quienes tienen el poder de decisión de la política educativa. Como construcción social, los currículos son objeto de crítica y reconstrucción permanente, en esta tarea, el libro Políticas curriculares. Experiencias en contextos latinoamericanos es fruto del análisis que connotados profesionales realizaron al fundamento teórico y marco normativo de las políticas curriculares implementados en México, Brasil, Colombia, Chile y Argentina.
Large-scale housing projects in Lisbon: Olivais and Telheiras
Authors: Tostões Ana , Ferreira Zara
Published: October 2021

The neighborhoods of Olivais Norte (1960), Olivais Sul (1963) and Telheiras Sul (1974) are paradigmatic examples of the Portuguese State’s response to the housing shortage that was acknowledged in Lisbon, in the period of the post-WWII. Featuring a varied catalogue of architectural trends, this series of projects demonstrated extensive structural, formal, and spatial experimentation that revealed the concerns and quest by their designers to respond to the need for “housing for the greatest number”. What all three projects shared was that they were large scale, publicly financed, started out with similar programs, and that various architectural teams were involved in each of them. The fact that they succeeded one another chronologically enables a critical reading to be made of the evolving interpretation of the Modern Movement in Lisbon, and the pursuit of modernity as an attitude that valued universality, rationality, and a fair response to new social orders.
Housing explorations. Unidad Vecinal Portales in Santiago
Authors: Bonomo Umberto
Published: October 2021

This article explores the contribution of Unidad Vecinal Portales – built in Santiago de Chile by the studio Bresciani, Valdés, Castillo y Huidobro – to the debates on social housing in Chile between the 1940s and 1960s. A series of radical decisions, put into action in the complex, demonstrate a deep exploration at the urban, typological, and aesthetic levels. This exploration has given life to an important case study in Chile and Latin- America, where urban and architectural challenges of the second half of the 20th century blend harmoniously
Sunny flats will replace…A congested slum block: Sydney’s post war housing improvement schemes
Authors: Boyd Noni
Published: October 2021

The present text traces the post war slum clearance program in Sydney, Australia, that saw the construction of modern blocks of flats drawn from international examples of rehousing schemes. This State-funded urban renewal program continued from the late 1940s until the 1980s. Many of the blocks of flats are slated for demolition, yet no overall assessment of their design quality or detailed discussion of the range of building forms or apartment layouts has been undertaken. There is a danger that these well-designed blocks will vanish rather than be retrofitted and that this unparalleled demonstration of modern housing progress by the State of New South Wales will be incomplete.
The young Paulo Mendes da Rocha: Jockey Club of Goiás and a modernity project
Authors: Caixeta Eline , Mahler Christine
Published: October 2021

The Jockey Club of Goiás, located in the city of Goiânia, in the interior of Brazil, was the first building to adopt the language of exposed concrete in this city, in addition to other attributes of architectural and urban relevance. This discussion aims to analyze the design approach, the tectonics, the urban setting, and its transcendence in the architect’s career. It examines the conception of the project and identifies similarities between this project and his future work
Modernity and housing production in France after WWII
Authors: Abram Joseph
Published: October 2021

After the collapse of 1940 and Occupation (1940-1944), France experienced a remarkable renewal after Liberation in 1944. Through reconstruction and intensive efforts to bring the country out of the housing crisis, the State set up a powerful production system, which based the expansion of the building sector on the concentration of investment in large companies. It was the era of the grands ensembles, of heavy prefabrication and giant construction sites. Initially well received by their inhabitants, these large housing complexes rapidly deteriorated and became ghettos. Despite the social difficulties that beset these neighborhoods, how can this important heritage of modernity be preserved today?
CANAL REPOSITIONING MANEUVER AS A SOLE TREATMENT FOR BENIGN PAROXYSMAL POSITIONAL VERTIGO
Authors: ADNAN  , M. JAVAID  , MIR BACHA  , SAEED KHAN  , MAHID IQBAL  , METHEW K JOSEPH  , SUNDAR RAJAN
Published: October 2021

Objective: To determine the effects of Epley's maneuver as a single line treatment of Benign paroxysmalpositional vertigo (BPPV).Material and MethodsrThis study was conducted in New Medical Center hospital Dubai from 1st June2010 to 30th may 2011. A total no of 32 patients were included in this study, with age ranged from 28 to 63years.Results: In our study out of 32 patients 19 (59.3%) were female and 13 (40.7%) were male. 20 patients werepresented with in first 48 hours of symptoms while remaining 12 presented in 1st week. All patients weresubjected to Dix-Hallpike positional testing, and positive cases were treated by canal repositioningmaneuver (Epley's maneuver). 21 (65.62%) patients symptomatically improved in first 24hrs, while 11(34%) patients were subjected to 2nd maneuver after 48 hours. 3 (9.37%) patients were advisedrehabilitation exercises on 3rd follow up later after 2 separate sessions of canal repositioning maneuver. Allpatients were on strict advise for post maneuver restrictions.Conclusion: Repositioning treatments appear to be efficacious, regardless of minor differences amongmaneuvers. Thus minor variations in techniques may not substantially influence the outcome of treatment,and the clinician can be confident in using repositioning treatments with a wide variety of patients.Keywords: Vertigo, Benign paroxysmal positional. Epley's maneuver
ASSESSMENT OF CONGENITAL MALFORMATIONS IN CONSANGUINEOUS MARRIAGES AMONG THE FAMILIES OF STUDENTS OF SAIDU MEDICAL COLLEGE SAIDU SHARIF.
Authors: QARIBULLAH  , ALAM ZEB  , RABNAWAZ
Published: October 2021

Consanguineous marriage is customary in many societies, which leads to an increased birth prevalence ofinfants with severe recessive disorders (congenital malformations). All these disorders play a significantrole on world economy, productivity and become a huge burden on medical fraternity. Majority of thesedisorders are preventable through proper “ Premarital consultation / counseling” of the male and femalebefore wedding for checking of “ Marital compatibility” .Objective of this observational study is to assess the prevalence of congenital malformations inconsanguineous marriages among the families' of students of Saidu Medical College.fMaterial & Methods:Duration of study was 3 months.Sample size Sampling Techniques: Stratified Randomized technique was used for selection of 100 houses/families of students of the college, with equal strata taken from first to final year MBBS classes.Result: From 504, 280(55.56%) of the children were from consanguineous marriages, while 224(44.45%)were from non consanguineous marriages. From 25 cases with congenital anomalies, 23 (8.2%) cases werefrom consanguineous marriages while only 2 (0.9 %) cases were from non- consanguineous marriages. Ourstudy shows that there is a significant correlation between parental marriages and the prevalence ofanomaly. 54 % couples out of 100 families were belonged to consanguineous marriages, of which 24 %,17% and 13% marriages were belonged to 1 sl cousin, 2nd cousin and other cousins respectively. 46 % out of100 families were belonged to non-consanguineous marriages.
AMNIOTIC MEMBRANE TRANSPLANTATION IN THE TREATMENT OF SHIELD ULCER IN VERNAL KERATOCON JUNCTIVITIS.
Authors: AFZAL QADIR  , LAL MOHAMMAD  , ARSHAD IQBAL  , ASHFAQ UR REHMAN
Published: October 2021

Objectives: To evaluate the efficacy and safety of amniotic membrane transplantation (AMT) for thetreatment of shield ulcer in vernal keratoconjunctivitis (VKC) with giant papillae.Material and Methods: This retrospective study was conducted in the Department of ophthalmologyHayatabad Medical Complex Peshawar from May 2009 to May 2010. In this study 30 patients of VKC withshield ulcer were evaluated for a period of one year. Both gender of 3 - 26 years age patients were included inthis study. Patients were enrolled and informed written consent was taken. Amniotic membraneimplantation was performed in thirty patients with grade 2 or grade 3 shield ulcers unresponsive toconventional medical treatment lasting an average of 14 weeks. Surgery was done under general anesthesiausing amniotic membrane as a therapeutic contact lens. Their record was maintained and all patients withthe mean 4 months follow-up were evaluated for about safety, efficacy, and side effect of the treatment.Results: Thirty eyes of thirty patients with grade 2 shield ulcer with opaque base) and grade 3 (plaque likelesions) not responding to steroid therapy with or without surgical debridement were enrolled. The ulcershealed with disintegration or retraction of the membrane in all patients within 2 weeks. A significantdecrease in symptoms and complete reepithelialization of the corneal ulcers were observed in all caseswithin the first 7 days. The eyes remain stable during a mean follow-up of 4 months, with no intraoperativeor postoperative complications. Absorption of amniotic membrane occurred with in 2 to 3 weeks timeleaving the underlying ulcer completely epithelized.Conclusion: Amniotic membrane transplantation in combination with debridement is a safe and effectivesurgical modality in the management of shield ulcers. Further studies are warranted to confirm the efficacyof amniotic membrane transplantation in the management of shield ulcer.
INTERRELATIONS BETWEEN LEPTIN & OBESITY
Authors: MOHAMMAD SHAFIQUE  , HABIBULLAH QURESHI  , FAIZA SAJID
Published: October 2021

Objective: Excess body weight is the sixth most important risk factor contributing to the overall burden ofdisease worldwide. The circulating leptins have been found to play a vital role in the regulation of appetite,glucose homeostasis and body fat. Therefore, this study was designed to measure serum leptin and insulinresistance in non obese and obese young adults and to correlate them with obesity parameters: body massindex, waist circumference, waist-to-hip ratio and metabolic indices.Methods: A total of 43 non- obese subjects, 20 male and 23 female aged 20- 25 years and 46 obese subjects,25 male and 21 female with age 28- 37 years were studied. All subjects selected for study were normotensiveand non-diabetic. Variables measured were Body Mass Index (BMI), waist to hip ratio(WHR), bloodpressure, serum leptin, insulin, fasting blood glucose, oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT), and lipid profile.Results: Serum leptin was significantly higher in females than males 8.8 ± 2.10 SEM and 2.2 ± 0.26 ng/mlSEM respectively in non-obese.As well, Serum leptin was significantly higher in females than males 23.0 ±3.98 SEM and 12.5 ± 2.24 ng/ml SEM respectively in obese group. Serum leptin was significantly higher inobese males, and obese females compared to non- obese subjects. Serum leptin significantly, and positivelycorrelated with BMI (r = 0.440), hip circumference (r =0.425), insulin (r = 0.334), and homeostasis Model ofAssessment - Insulin Resistance (HOMA-IR)r= 0.334 whereas HOMA-IR positively correlated with BMI,waist Circumference, fasting insulin, fasting blood glucose, triglycerides (TG), TG/HDL-Cholesterol ratioand negatively correlated with HDL-Cholesterol.Conclusions: Serum leptin levels increase with obesity, and are higher in females in both non-obese andobese individuals. Serum leptin significantly correlated with hip circumference. Increased serum leptin,especially in obese subjects, should be taken as a warning sign of energy imbalance, poor diet,hyperinsulinemia, insulin resistance, or changes in other metabolic risk factors that are stronglyassociated with cardiovascular diseases and type 2 diabetes.

Key words: Anthropometry, body mass index, insulin resistance, leptin, obesity,
HYPERTENSION AND ITS DETERMINANTS IN TEACHING STAFF OF PESHAWAR UNIVERSITY
Authors: IQBAL WAHID  , HAMID HUSSAIN  , SADULLAH AFRIDI  , ZIA UR REHMAN  , SALEHAAFRIDI  , NAEEMULLAH
Published: October 2021

Objectives: Hypertension is a chronic medical condition. Some observers say that 20% of population aged18 74 years suffered from hypertension and l /3rd of them are not aware that they are hypertensive. More than70% of all hypertensive patients (85% in rural areas) in Pakistan are not aware of their disease.Methods: A cross-sectional study design was used to estimate the prevalence, awareness and factorsassociated with hypertension. Sample of 500 teachers was selected. Data were analyzed using statisticalpackage for social sciences version 16.0.Results: The prevalence of hypertension was found in 128/500 (25.6%) teachers. Out of these 128, 50(40%)were not aware of their hypertensive status. Old age, family history of hypertension, obesity, lack ofexercise, smoking and living stressful life are pre-determinants of hypertension in the teachers.Conclusion: The teachers should get their blood pressures checked on a regular basis, so that any increase inblood pressure can be properly monitored. The teachers should be encouraged to take walks or do lightexercise regularly during their free time. This will help them deal with their sedentary lifestyle and obesity.Lowering weights will concurrently deal with hypertension.Key words: Hypertension, Prevalence,Awareness,Teachers, University, Peshawar
RETROSPECTIVE STUDY OF OVARIAN TUMORS AND TUMOR LIKE LESIONS
Authors: NASIM AKHTAR
Published: October 2021

Objective: To find frequency of various Neoplastic and non-neoplastic lesion of the ovaries and to analyzeits clinical presentation.Method: This study was conducted from first July 2007 to 30lh June 2010 in Gynae unit B of DHQ Mardan.All the cases of ovarian Tumours which were initially recruited after ultrasonography and were laterconfirmed by open surgery were included in the study Patients record files were used for collection ofrelevant data including detailed history, examination, investigations and operative findings. All thespecimens were sent for histopathology diagnosis to histopathology section lady reading hospital and a copyof report was attached in patients record files.Result: Out of 7574 Gynanocological admission 191 cases (2.5%) of ovarian Tumours were detected. Nonneo-plastic lesion were more common 98 (51.31%) than neoplastic lesion 93 (48.69%). Among theneoplastic lesion 69.89% were benign while 30% were malignant, serous cystadenoma were the commonestbenign Tumours (35.48%) followed by mucinous cystadenoma (21.50%). Serous cyst adenocarcinoma(10.75%) was the commonest malignant Tumour followed by mucinous cystadenomcarcinoma (8.6%).Average age at presentation was 57 years for malignant ephithelial Tumours, 40 years for gonadal stromalTumours and 22.5 % for germ cell Tumours. There was significant difference in the mean age for benign andmalignant ovarian tumours(34 versus52 p =0.0001)Conclusion:Epithelial ovarian Tumours are the commonest Tumours followed by Germ cell Tumours. Agehas strong correlation with the histological type of the Tumour. Grade, histological type and age of thepatient are important prognostic factors. Ultrasound assessment of risk of malignancy favours better patientmanagement. Menstrual irregularities ,mass and pain abdomen were the commonest clinical presentations.Keywords: Ovarian Tumours, Ovarian neoplasm, Ovarian non-neoplastic lesion.
MESENTERIC LYMPHANGIOMA INVOLVING ILEUM
Authors: ANWAR ALI  , MUHAMMAD NASEEM
Published: October 2021

Lymph angiomas are benign tumour of lymphvessels. These are classified as capillary,cavernous and cystic 1,2,3. About 90% arediagnosed with in first l-2years of life1. Thoughthese can be seen through out in the body, but mostfrequently in the head , neck and axillary regions.Abdominal lymph angiomas are not frequent andcavernous Lymph- angiomas in the mesentery arevery rare tumour2,3. Other rare sites areretroperitonium, pancrease and posteriormediastinum3,4 . If large enough these maypresent for chronic abdominal pain or even presentas an acute abdomen.
EXPERIENCE OF LAPAROSCOPIC SURGERY IN PREGNANT PATIENTS SAFETY OF LAPAROSCOPIC SURGERY IN PREGNANT PATIENTS
Authors: MUHAMMAD ASLAM RAI
Published: October 2021

OBJECTIVES: Laparoscopic surgery is well established in general patients but its safety and efficacy inpregnant patients isstill debated especially in emergency situation.METHODS: This study was conducted at Rai Medical Complex, Sargodha as prospective single centrestudy for all pregnant patients in need of laparoscopic appendectomy and cholecystectomy for acuteappendicitis and acute cholecystitis respectively from April 2009 to December,2011 .After routinepreoperative assessment, all were operated under general anesthesia with antibiotic cover, foure porttechnique for lap. chole. And three port technique for lap. appendectomy were used. Peri-operativemorbidity and mortality for the mother and fetus were evaluated at Rai Medical Complex, Sargodha from2009 to 2011.RESULTS:32 patients underwent laparoscopic procedures. 18 had laparoscopic cholecystectomy and 14laparoscopic appendectomies. No maternal death and no loss of fetus.CONCLUSION: Laparoscopic cholecystectomy and appendectomy appears to be as safe as in opensurgery in pregnant women.
NALYSIS OF THE OUTCOME OF MEDICAL TREATMENT AND COLD ABSCESS DRAINAGE OF SPINAL TUBERCULOSIS. EXPERIENCE OF 51 CASES IN NEUROSURGERY UNIT.
Authors: ALI HAIDER  , SAIMA  , GOHAR ALI  , ZIA REHMAN
Published: October 2021

OBJECTIVES: Laparoscopic surgery is well established in general patients but its safety and efficacy inpregnant patients is still debated especially in emergency situation.METHODS: This study was conducted at Rai Medical Complex, Sargodha as prospective single centrestudy for all pregnant patients in need of laparoscopic appendectomy and cholecystectomy for acuteappendicitis and acute cholecystitis respectively from April 2009 to December, 2011. After routinepreoperative assessment, all were operated under general anesthesia with antibiotic cover, foure porttechnique for lap. chole. And three port technique for lap. appendectomy were used. Peri-operativemorbidity and mortality for the mother and fetus were evaluated at Rai Medical Complex, Sargodha from2009 to 2011.RESULTS: 32 patients underwent laparoscopic procedures. 18 had laparoscopic cholecystectomy and 14laparoscopic appendectomies. No maternal death and no loss of fetus.CONCLUSION: Laparoscopic cholecystectomy and appendectomy appears to be as safe as in opensurgery in pregnant women.
FREQUENCY OF HBeAg POSITIVITY IN PATIENTS WITH HEPATITIS B INFECTION IN TEACHING HOSPITALS OF PESHAWAR
Authors: RIAZ GUL  , GHAZALA YASMIN  , MANZAR ANWAR
Published: October 2021

OBJECTIVES: To determine the frequency of acute and chronic hepatitis HBeAg positivity in patients ofdifferent ages and gender suffering from Hepatitis B Virus infection, and to rectify the key factorsresponsible for its transmission.METHODOLOGY: Cross sectional study conducted for duration of 3 months at tertiary care hospitals ofPeshawar on 220 patients suffering from hepatitis B infection that are screened for serum markers.nonprobability convenient sampling technique was used and structured questionnaire was used as datacollection tool. Patient’s record was checked for serum markers. Data collected was analyzed by SPSSversion 16.RESULTS: Out of total 220 cases with hepatitis B infection 145 were male while 75 were females.103(46.8%) were found to be positive with raised level of serum marker HBeAg, predominantly more inmale gender and young age patients with mean age of 22 years. The serum level of (HBeAg) was high inpatients having chronic hepatitis as compare to acute hepatitis. Patients with positive HBeAg weresignificantly associated with raised level ofALT.CONCLUSIONS: The frequency of HBe Ag+ve in patients suffering from hepatitis B infection is 46.8%with more predominant in young age patients associated with raised level ofALT.RECOMMENDATIONS: Health education of the community regarding preventive measures fromhepatitis B infection and early diagnosis through mass screening program is recommended.KEYWORDS: Serum marker HBeAg, acute hepatitis, chronic hepatitis, incubation period, ALT.
FREQUENCY OF POST-TRAUMATIC STRESS DISORDER AND DEPRESSION IN PEOPLE OF KHYBER PUKHTOONKHWA DUE TO TERRORISM
Authors: KHURSHAID AHMAD  , HAMID HUSSAIN  , HAYAT MUHAMMAD KHAN  , ZIA-U-REHMAN  , NAEEMULLAH  , IQBAL WAHID  , ZEESHAN KIBRIA  , SAEED ALI
Published: October 2021

OBJECTIVES: our study was to study the impact of terrorism on the people of Khyber Pukhtunkhwa handto assess the post traumatic effects of terrorism, in particular the Post Traumatic Stress Disorder anddepression in the people of Khyber Pukhtoonkhwa.METHODS: A descriptive, cross sectional study design was conducted in KPK from May 2011 toSeptember 2011.In this study subjects were people of KPK including IDPs, shopkeepers, students. Selfadministered questionnaires were filled by a sample of 450 respondents.RESULTS: The results showed that out of 51.2% people affected, 23.6% people had Post Traumatic StressDisorder and 6.9% were suffering from depression. 20.7% people were suffering from both Anxiety andDepression. 48.2% people were unaffected. SPSS and MS-Excel were used for the analysis of data.CONCLUSION: The study concludes that a majority of people in KPK were suffering from PostTraumatic Stress Disorder and depression due to constant threat of terrorism. These people have beenaffected in one or more ways. Some have lost their business and shelter and some have been personallyexposed to terrorism. These people who are positive for anxiety and depression need to be targeted forcounseling. Moreextensive research is needed in this area.KEYWORDS: Post Traumatic Stress Disorder, Depression and Terrorism
FREQUENCY OF RENAL COLIC DUE TO RENAL STONE ASSOCIATED WITH CHANGE IN CLIMATE DURING DIFFERENT MONTHS OF THE YEAR
Authors: MUHAMMAD NAEEM  , HAZRATULLAH  , MUHAMMAD KAMRAN KHAN  , RIAZ AHMAD KHAN  , IZHAR AHMAD  , MUHAMMAD ASIF
Published: October 2021

OBJECTIVE: To study the incidence of renal colic attacks due to renal stone and its relationship withclimate during different months of the year.MATERIAL AND MONTHS: This prospective study was conducted on patients with renal colicsecondary to stones, who were admitted in the Institute of Kidney Diseases Hayatabad Peshawar betweenOctober 2010 & September 2013.RESULTS: This study included 980 patients, 765 (78.06%) were male and 215 (21.93%) were female.Themean age of the patients was ( 33.1± 9.8years). Majority of the patients 807(82.4%) were under 40 years ofage. Renal colic was more common in summer months like June 118 (12%), July 111 (11.3%) August 109(11.1%) and September 88 (9%) respectively. The lowest no of admission was in February 40 (4.1%),January43 (4.4%), and March 45 (4.6%). It shows that the mean admission of the year due to renal colicsecondary to stone was significantly different from mean admission of the warmer months 578 patients(59%) in comparison to winter month 402 patients (41%). It shows that there was 18% increased incidenceof renal colic visits in the warmer months of June, July and august compared with the colder months ofDecember,January and February.CONCLUSION: The renal colic visit was more in the summer and highest in the month of June, July,August and declining start from September onward and lowest in February. We found a strong positivecorrelation between ambient temperature and renal colic visits.
MALARIA IN CHILDREN UPTO THE AGE OF 12 YEARS.
Authors: MOHAMMAD FAZIL  , MOHTASIM BILLAH  , SHAHANA NISAR
Published: October 2021

OBJECTIVE/BACKGROUND: To know the frequency of various types of malaria in children.Malaria is present in endemic form in about 103 countries of the world. Every year > than one billionpersons in the world suffer from this disease. It kills about 1-3 million people in the world every year.Malaria infection in children is transmitted by the bites of infected anopheles mosquitoes, less commonmode of transmission are inoculation of infected blood, use of contaminated needles and from aninfected mother to her infant during late pregnancy. There are 4 types of plasmodium of malariaparasite. Plasmodium vivax, plasmodium ovale, plasmodium falciparum and plasmodium malariae.MATERIAL AND METHODS: This descriptive study was conducted at outpatient department ofBKMC/MMC Mardan. This study was performed from 1st March 2013 to 28th Feb. 2014. All patientsup to 12 years of age with fever with “ no focal signs on history and clinical examination” were includedin the study. Blood smear slide for MP were advised for those patients with fever with no focal signs.All patients with fever but negative for blood smear slide for MP were excluded from the study. Boththick and thin films were advised to the patients. A total of 250 patients were included in the study,which fulfilled the criteria.RESULTS: A total of 250 patients were included in the study. Males were 140 (56%) and females were110 (44%). P. Vivax was seen in 220 (88%) patients and P. falciparum was seen 30 (12%) patients.Main symptoms were fever 100%, headache 32%, vomiting 49%, diarrhea 29%, and splenomegaly 36%.Laboratory findings were: Hb% 5gm - <9 / dl=58%, Hb % < 5gm/dl=7%.Pit count: 50000 <150000 / cmm= 59%, Pit <50000 / cmm =7%.CONCLUSION: The most common human malaria infection in district Mardan is P.Vivax and notP.Falciparum. No mixed infection was found in this study.KEY WORDS: Malaria, Mardan, Plasmodium Vivax.
INGUINODYNIA IN MESH VERSUS DARN REPAIR
Authors: MOHAMMAD HUSSAIN  , SHAHID ALAM  , ANWARUL HAQ  , NISAR ALI  , MOHAMMAD ISMAIL  , S.M. NAEEM  , MANZOOR ALI
Published: October 2021

BACKGROUND: Inguinal hernia repair is the most common procedure in general surgery, rangingfrom 10 to 15% of all surgical procedures. Chronic groin pain following Mesh operation may lead topotential complication and its incidence can be as high as 62.9%. A quarter of these patients suffer fromsevere impairment in carrying out their daily routine. Chronic groin pain affect physical and socialfunctioning, thereby limiting the individual’s ability to participate in any paid employment.OBJECTIVE: This study was conducted to compare the outcome of mesh repair and darning in term ofchronic groin pain in the understudy group.METHODS: All men, who consented for the study, with primary inguinal hernia between age of 18 to80 years were included in the study. Patients having bilateral, irreducible strangulated or recurrent herniawere excluded from the study. Patients were non randomly divided in to two groups, to have the repairwith either polypropylene mesh (Lichtenstien Technique) or polypropylene dam (Anatomical repair).RESULTS: A total of 200 patients were included in the study. 3 patients were excluded because ofhaving another type of hernia or bilateral repair needed. 98 patients had anatomic repair while in 99patients mesh repair (LR) was done. The mean age of the anatomical group was 61.2 years (SD= 12.7)while the mean age of mesh group was 58.3 years (SD=12.1). Statistical analysis did not reveal asignificant disparity between mesh repair versus anatomic repair with regards to the incidence ofsuperficial SSIs (0 vs 2%, P=0.497), testicular swelling (4 vs 1%, P=0.369), hematoma (3vs 2%, P =0.99), recurrence (0 vs 2%, P = 0.497), or pain (12 vs 7%, P = 0.335).CONCLUSION: It was concluded that anatomical repair can still be offered to the patient who has aninguinal hernia with knowledge that postoperative complications are not greater than that with meshrepair.KEYWORDS: Inguinodynia Mesh Plasty
The Influence of Leadership Style, Work Motivation and Work Environment on Employees’ Job Satisfaction
Authors: - Suprayitno , Triastity Rahayu , Zakiya Lina
Published: October 2021

Human resources play an important and strategic role in determining company policy. Superior human resources are required to carry out their duties in a quality and good manner. Human resources need to be well-managed and emphasised so that employees can feel satisfaction at work. Job satisfaction is vital upon measuring the work performance. If the employee is satisfied with the job, the work performance will be better. Job satisfaction also becomes an indicator for the company survival. The purpose of this study is to analyse the significance of the influence of leadership style, work motivation, and work environment on employees’ job satisfaction. This type of study is survey research on the employees at PT Tri Usaha Sejahtera Pratama company. The study population included 800 people. The research sample was 80 employees, which comprised 32 male and 48 female respondents. The sample is taken using the proportional cluster random sampling technique with criteria based on their education background and working period. The data collection technique used a questionnaire. The data analysis technique used multiple linear regression analysis, T-test, model accuracy test and coefficient of determination. The results showed that all variables, including leadership style, work motivation, and work environment have positive influence towards employees’ job satisfaction. The leadership style, work motivation, and work environment have an essential effect on job satisfaction of the employees at PT Tri Usaha Sejahtera Pratama company. Therefore, it can be concluded that job satisfaction at PT Tri Usaha Sejahtera Pratama company can be measured using three variables: leadership style, work motivation, and work environment