bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
IDIOPATHIC RENAL LIPOFUSCINOSIS
Authors: Lund Tage , Olsen Steen
Published: August 2010

Two cases of dark‐brown or black discoloration of the human kidney are described and the condition compared with two previously reported cases. The abnormal colour is due to a deposition of brown pigment in the epithelium of the proximal tubules. The staining properties and histochemistry of the pigment granules seem to allow identification of the pigment as a lipofuscin. In one case the patient is still alive and the condition does not seeto have had any harmful effect on kidney function. This abnormality seems to be extremely rare. It is perhaps analogous to the disease, “Black Kidney” in cattle.
LYSOSOMES AND PYRONINOPHILIA IN MONONUCLEAR CELLS IN HYPERTENSIVE ARTERIOLES
Authors: Olsen Finn
Published: August 2010

In the days following the termination of a five hours experimental angiotensin‐hypertension in rats the total number of mononuclear cells of the peripheral blood which reacted positively for acid phosphatase was increased by 20–40 per cent, while the number of those containing more than five acid phosphatase granules increased by 65–155 per cent. This changed content of lysosomes supports the view that mononuclear cells from the blood are cells of importance in the catabolism of products from hypertensively damaged arterioles. In sections of damaged arterioles the mononuclear cells increased their number of acid phosphatase granules during their passage from the luminal side through the media to the adventitia, indicating that their function was phagocytic and catabolic. The regional lymph nodes showed morphological changes: An increment of large pyroninophilic cells in the paracortical areas and in the medulla 2–4 days after the termination of the hypertensive period, and an obliteration of the medulla with pyronine‐negative cells with a morphology like lymphocytes 5–6 days after. These findings are much like those to be found in the lymph nodes during a development of delayed hypersensitivity in experimental animals.
CHANGES IN THE LYMPHOID SYSTEM FOLLOWING THE INTRAVENOUS INJECTION OF PHYTOHAEMAGGLUTININ IN MICE
Authors: Hartveit F.
Published: August 2010

Changes in the lymph nodes, spleen and thymus are described following a single intravenous dose of PHA‐P in mice. On the basis of histological studies it is suggested that the primary picture of regular proliferation may be due to stimulation of the lymphoid cells in situ, while the later grossly irregular proliferation found in the lymph nodes in particular may be due to secondary stimulation of this altered population by PHA stimulated cells from the thymus. In view of these findings caution in the clinical use of this drug is urged.
CARDIAL LESIONS IN (CBA X DBA/2) Fl MICE BEARING TRANSPLANTED PLASMA CELL NEOPLASMS AND IN UNTREATED DBA/2 MICE
Authors: Ebbesen P. , Christensen H. E. , Rask‐Nielsen R.
Published: August 2010

(CBA x DBA/2)FL mice from five transplantation lines of plasma cell neoplasms were examined for cardial lesions Small foci of degenerating myocardial fibres were present in many transplanted mice less than four months old. The affected muscle fibres exhibited a diastace‐resistent periodic acid Schiff positivity and did not stain for amyloid or fibrin. No evidence of an inflammatory reaction was present. The myocardial lesions could not be correlated to the survival time or the presence or absence in the leukaemic mice of paraproteinaemia, amyloidosis or lung thrombi. No pericardial lesions occurred in these mice. Myocardial lesions of a different morphology were found in several untreated DBA/2 mice, and nearly exclusively in old animals. Some old untreated DBA/2 mice showed pericardial calcifications either as the sole lesion or together with myocardial lesions. All five old DBA/2 mice thymectomized at 3 days of age exhibited myocardial lesions whereas none of them showed pericardial calcification.
VALUE OF PLACENTITIS AS A SIGN OF INTRAUTERINE INFECTION IN HUMAN SUBJECTS
Authors: Olding Lars
Published: August 2010

The association between bacterial infection and placentitis and between various non‐infectious complications of pregnancy and of delivery and placentitis were investigated by means of a combined morphological, bacteriological, clinical and statistical study, including multiple regression analysis. 134 placentas from 132 mothers with the various complications were included in the series. It could not be proved that bacterial infection is the main cause of placentitis, nor even a major cause. On the other hand, some non‐infectious complications in particular meconium staining of the amniotic fluid, prolonged labour, and premature rupture of membranes, seem to be more important causes. Foetal acidosis as a possible inductive factor in placentitis is suggested.
DEPLETION OF MONO‐AMINES IN KIDNEY, SPLEEN AND HEART VESSELS IN MICE WITH EXPERIMENTAL ASCITES
Authors: Tallqvist G. , Jansson S. E. , Penttilä A.
Published: August 2010

Mice injected intraperitoneally with Ehrlich ascites carcinoma were killed after varying intervals 2 to 21 days after injection. Tissue specimens from the kidney, spleen and heart were examined histochemically for mono‐amines in the adrenergic fibres and the noradrenaline content of the kidney was chemically determined. The mono‐amine‐indicating fluorescense was subjectively estimated as absent or faint in a greater number of slides, and correspondingly as clear in a smaller number of slides in the ascitic group than in the controls, the difference being highly significant. This applied to the adrenergic fibres of the blood vessels of the kidney, to the arterioles of the spleen and to the adrenergic fibres of the myocardium. A highly significant reduction in the chemically determined content of noradrenaline was found in the kidney of ascitic mice as compared with the controls.
FORMATION OF HYALINE MICROTFIROMBI IN THE MOUSE
Authors: Skjørten Fredrik , Kierulf Peter B. , Degré Miklos
Published: August 2010

Small, globular, eosinophilic bodies, similar in appearance to the hyaline microthrombi (HMT) previously reported in man, were found regularly in the mouse liver. The occurrence of HMT in the mouse liver was subjected to quantitative analysis. In man, HMT are a frequent finding in bronchopneumonic patients. Intranasal inoculation of pneumococci gave bronchopneumonia in mice, but HMT formation was not influenced. Inhibition of plasminogen activation by epsilon‐amino‐caproic acid reduced significantly the frequency of HMT. Activation of plasminogen by urokinase more than doubled the frequency of HMT. The difference from findings in the controls was highly significant. Heparinization did not significantly affect HMT formation. Furthermore, intravenous thrombin injections showed no significant effect on HMT formation, but more than 50 per cent of the injected animals showed platelet‐fibrin thrombi in pulmonary vessels. Administration of thrombin after urokinase reversed the increase in HMT found after urokinase alone. Possibly, HMT or their precursors combine with newly formed fibrin and are removed from the circulation. It is concluded that HMT are formed as a result of fibrinolytic activity, possibly through spontaneous aggregation of fibrinogen split products.
Correlation between Infiltration of Mononuclear Cells And Production of Connective tissue in acute Hypertensive Vascular Disease
Authors: Olsen Finn
Published: August 2010

Damaged mesenteric arterioles from rats made hypertensive with intravenous injections of angiotensin showed a production of Van Gieson positive connective tissue which was proportional to the infiltration of mononuclear cells (lymphocytes and monocytes). Rats treated with antithymocyte serum before hypertensive damage of the arterioles showed no or only a very sparse cellular reaction and corresponding to this decreased cellular reaction no production of connective tissue fibrils was observed. As some fibroblast‐like cells contained carbon particles in their cytoplasm it is highly probable that they were transformed lymphocytes and/or monocytes, which had phagocytized carbon particles from the hypertensively damaged arterioles.
Evidence for an Immunological factor in the Hypertensive Vascular Disease
Authors: Olsen Finn
Published: August 2010

Hypertensive vascular disease was studied in acute experimental angiotensin induced hypertension. If the hypertension was induced in rats pretreated with injection of thoracic duct lymphocytes the quantity of the mononuclear inflammatory cellular reaction in the damaged arterioles was 2–9 times higher and more prolonged than in control rats. This difference in the cellular reaction is in agreement with the cellular reaction in cases of hypersensitivity of the delayed type.
THE THYMUS IN INFANTS DEAD FROM ACUTE DISORDERS
Authors: Stalsberg Helge
Published: August 2010

Thymus weight and cortico‐medullary size ratio were studied at autopsy in 49 infants between two weeks and two years and a half of age, who died either from sudden unexpected and unexplained death (SUD), or from accidents or other explained non‐infectious causes (ACC), or from acute infections of less than two weeks' duration (ILL). Thymus weight was slightly lower in the SUD group than in the ACC group. Approximate normal curves for absolute and relative thymus weights and for cortico‐medullary ratio as estimated from planimetric measurements on histological sections were drawn on the basis of the combined SUD and ACC groups. Thymus weights and ratios in the ILL group were expressed as per cent of the normal curves and related to the duration of disease. Cortico‐medullary size ratio showed less individual variation than thymus weight and may give a more useful estimate of the functional state of the organ. When disease has lasted for from one to two days, thymus weight and cortico‐medullary ratio may or may not be within normal range. When disease has lasted for more than two days, the values are below normal range. Little or no significant deviation from normal can be expected when disease has lasted for less than 8–12 hours.
THE METAL (SULPHIDE SILVER METHOD) AND ENZYME CYTOCHEMICAL PATTERN OF HUMAN SPERMATOZOA IN TESTIS AND EPIDIDYMIS
Authors: Boström Kerstin
Published: August 2010

Human testis and epididymis obtained at autopsy after sudden death were studied by the sulphide silver method for the demonstration of metals and by histochemical methods for the demonstration of succinic and lactate dehydrogenase, NADH‐diaphorase, acid and alkaline phosphatase and nonspecific esterase. By the sulphide silver method and methods for demonstrating succinic and lactate dehydrogenase and NADH‐diaphorase, a band‐shaped pattern appeared in the middle piece of spermatozoa from testis and epididymis of the same appearance as that previously found in spermatozoa from ejaculates. Irregularities of the band‐shaped pattern of the middle piece were found already in the testis.
COMPLICATIONS FOLLOWING EXTERNAL CARDIAC MASSAGE, WITH SPECIAL EMPHASIS ON CEREBRAL EMBOLISM
Authors: Vagn‐Hansen P. L.
Published: August 2010

This article deals with a review of the relevant literature on the theme: Complications to external cardiac massage. A special interest is taken in the possible neuropathological implications. Since the original article by Kouwenhotiven et al. appeared in 1960, detailed observations with adequate pathological anatomical documentation concerning embolism to the central nervous system as a consequence of the performed external cardiac massage are rare in the literature. A case of cerebellar embolism is reported in which external cardiac massage had been performed immediately prior to death; the relevant neuropathological techniques are emphasized.
NECROSIS OF TUMOUR CELLS RELATED TO CIRCULATORY INSUFFICIENCY IN PULMONARY TUMOUR EMBOLISM
Authors: Svanes Knut
Published: August 2010

Postmortem examination of a woman with epidermoid carcinoma of the cervix uteri revealed numerous tumour emboli in small pulmonary arteries. Some arteries were occluded by tumour cells showing extensive necrosis in the central part of the lumen. In many arteries groups of tumour cells were present along the vessel wall while the central area was occupied by a partially organized thrombus or connective tissue. The tumour cells looked viable near the vessel wall and close to the intravascular connective tissue, while necrotic cells were often found in the centre of the groups of tumour cells. The intravascular tumour growth was poor in arteries with extensive perivascular tumour growth. The tumour grew better in perivascular lymphatics than in the arteries. It was concluded that the observations made in this case supported the hypothesis that necrosis of tumour cells in pulmonary tumour emboli was due, in part at least, to nutritional insufficiency caused by circulatory disturbances produced by the tumour itself.
DEGREE OF MALIGNANCY OF CANCER INVOLVING THE CERVIX UTERI, JUDGED ON THE BASIS OF CLINICAL STAGE, HISTOLOGY, SIZE OF NUCLEI, AND CONTENT OF DNA
Authors: Nødskov‐Pedersen S.
Published: August 2010

The aim of the present study has been to correlate the degree of malignancy of tumours involving the cervix uteri, expressed by a 5‐year survival rate, with histological morphology, nuclear size, and content of DNA. The series comprised 117 patients. DNA‐coritents were determined histochemically by U‐V‐absorption, the nuclear sizes being determined by planimetric measurements. The clinical stages and 5‐year survival rates were found to be correlated and furthermore, malignant tissue from patients with cervical tumours was found to present increased contents of DNA in nuclei of the tumour cells as well as significantly enlarged cellular nuclei. A correlation between histological morphology and degrees of malignancy was not observed and our study fails to provide a basis on which to confirm the findings obtained by other authors, for instance, that prognostic data might be obtainable on the basis of the relative DNA‐content and/or nuclear sizes in malignant tissue.
HEPATIC CHANGES IN DOGS AND RATS INDUCED BY XYLIDINE ISOMERS
Authors: Magnusson Göran , Bodin Nils‐Olov , Hansson Eskii.
Published: August 2010

The effect of the xylidine isomers 2, 4‐, 2, 5‐, and 2, 6‐xylidine on the liver arid kidneys of dogs and rats was studied. The dogs received oral doses of 2, 10, and 50 mg/kg and the rats 20, 100, and 500–700 mg/kg daily for 4 weeks. The xylidine isomers affected the liver but produced different hepatic changes in the dog and the rat. In the dog all 3 isomers induced a fatty degeneration of the liver. In the rat the 3 isomers caused a hepatomegaly mostly with a normal appearance of the liver cells. The enlargement of the liver was greatest for the 2, 4‐isomer and least for the 2, 6‐isomer. No renal lesions were found in any of the dogs or rats at any dose level.
INHIBITORY EFFECT OF DEAE‐DEXTRAN ON TUMOUR GROWTH
Authors: Thorling E. B. , Larsen B. , Nielsen H.
Published: August 2010

The effect of different DEAE‐dextran derivatives on the surface charge of tumour cells has been investigated. The DEAE‐dextran varied in molecular weight and charge density (degree of substitution with diethyl‐amino‐ethyl groups). It was shown that the binding to the tumour cell surface and the ability to neutralize the negative charge of the cell surface was dependent upon the molecular weight and the charge density. Higher molecular weight and higher degree of substitution gave a stronger binding. The toxicity of the various compounds in mice and amoebae was correlated to the cell surface affinity. The biological effect of the different drugs was investigated in the C3H mice using the transplantable ascites tumour JBI which is a plasmocytoma. The DEAE dextran has an inhibitory effect on the growth of transplanted tumours. This effect was greatest for the compound with the highest molecular weight (2 mill.) and the highest degree of substitution (50 per cent), and was negligible for a compound with molecular weight of 64, 000 and 13 per cent substitution.
RENAL TRANSPLANTATION IN RABBITS
Authors: Lund B. , Jensen O. Myhre
Published: August 2010

The histological changes in 46 specimens from 18 renal allografts performed in rabbits presensitized by 5–6 injections of donor kidney homogenate have been analysed semi‐quantitatively. Cytotoxic antibodies against donor leucocytes could be demonstrated in all presensitized rabbits at the time of transplantation. Two of the allografts showed a morphological pattern characteristic of hyperacute rejection, i.e. extensive glomerular micro‐thrombosis and cortical necrosis. Compared with allografts from non‐sensitized recipients, the frequency of proliferative glomerulitis, thrombosis, including glomerular microthrombosis, and necrosis was increased; the frequency of lymphocytic infiltration was about the same. The frequency of morphological alterations was lower in homogenate treated recipients than in allografts from rabbits presensitized by multiple skin grafts from the donor.
A CASE OF CROHN'S DISEASE OF THE COLON ASSOCIATED WITH ADENOCARCINOMA EXTENDING FROM CARDIA TO THE ANUS
Authors: Clemmensen Th. , Johansen Aa.
Published: August 2010

A case of Crohn's disease of the colon coexisting with an alimentary, differentiated adenocarcinoma extending from cardia to the anus is reported. The criterions for the diagnosis morbus Crohn and the association between the two diseases are discussed.
REDUCED POST‐BINEPHRECTOMY INCREASE IN RENIN SUBSTRATE IN PREVIOUSLY UNINEPHRECTOMIZED RATS
Authors: Bing Jens , Jørgensen Jørgen
Published: August 2010

While renin substrate is increased to values of about 2000–4000 ng 24 hours after simultaneous binephrectomy, the values obtained in previously uninephrectomized or unilaterally ureter ligated rats are only about 50 to 75 per cent as high (about 1000–2500 ng) 24 hours after removal of the remaining kidney. This decreased reaction is found as early as 30 minutes after uninephrectomy and is still found well over a month later. If the operations (binephrectomy or removal of remaining kidney) are preceded by 17 hours hypoxia, the values in rats whether binephrectomized in one step or in two steps are equally low (600–1700), while pretreatment with oestradiol in both groups results in about equally extremely high values (3500–6000). Previously uninephrectomized renal hypertensive rats show the same decreased response as normal rats if the untouched kidney is removed before the clipped, but if the clipped kidney is removed before the untouched, the values are as high as those found when both kidneys are removed at the same time. The effect of previous uninephrectomy seems neither related to the decrease in renal renin or to the retention of urinary constituents caused by the operation.
THE OCCURRENCE AND SIGNIFICANCE OF ABNORMAL BILE DUCT EPITHELIUM IN CHRONIC AGGRESSIVE HEPATITIS
Authors: Christoffersen Per , Dietrichson Odd , Faber Viggo , Poulsen Hemming
Published: August 2010

A material of 57 primary biopsies exhibiting chronic aggressive hepatitis from 57 patients has been selected from a total consecutive liver biopsy material of 3000. The material is divided into two groups: group 1: 21 patients with abnormal biliary epithelium, group 2: 36 patients without abnormal biliary epithelium. No morphological (apart from the atypical epithelium) or biochemical differences between the two groups have been demonstrated. On the other hand the patients in group 1 are older (all over 45 years of age) than in group 2, just as there is a more pronounced excess of women and a more frequently insidious development of the disease. There is significantly higher incidence of organ‐nonspecific antinuclear factors in group 1 than in group 2, whereas mitochondrial antibodies only is found in serum from one patient. None of the available sera from group 1 and from the female patients in group 2 show presence of Australian antigen but in most of the male patients from group 2 precipitating lines are demonstrated. A morphological follow‐up of slightly more than half of the patients shows a significantly more frequent development of cirrhosis in the group with abnormal biliary epithelium.
DISAPPEARANCE OF CIRCULATING TUMOUR CELLS IN MICE TREATED WITH HEPARIN, COUMARIN AND EACA
Authors: Boeryd Bernt , Hagmar Björn
Published: August 2010

In a syngeneic tumour‐host system the disappearance of circulating tumour cells was studied in mice treated with heparin, a coumarin anticoagulant and an antifibrinolytic. The cells were injected intravenously in two doses and blood was drawn from the right heart at intervals after the cell transfusion and inoculated intraperitoneally into new recipients. Only minor changes in the disappearance rate of tumour cells from the blood were obtained by anticoagulant and antifibrinolytic treatment. Thus thrombus formation, if present, cannot play but a minor role for the retention of tumour cells in organs in this system. The coumarin anticoagulant delayed somewhat the removal from the blood of 2 × 106 injected tumour cells. This was in contrast to heparin which, if anything, seemed to hasten the removal of the cells from the blood.
THE INTENSITY OF ULTRASOUND IN THE UTERUS DURING EXAMINATION FOR DIAGNOSTIC PURPOSES
Authors: Bang Jens
Published: August 2010

The report here submitted renders an account of the results obtained by measurements of the damping of ultrasound during passage from the abdominal surface to the uterine cavity in women in the reproductive age. Ultrasound was emitted from a transmission transducer on the abdominal surface and received by a specially designed miniature transducer introduced into the uterine cavity. The damping was found to average 2.5 dB.
DIFFERENCES IN 3H‐THYMIDINE UPTAKE BY CHICKEN LYMPHOID TISSUES AFTER INTRAVENOUS OR INTRAPERITONEAL ADMINISTRATION
Authors: Hemmingsson E. J.
Published: August 2010

Intraperitoneal injection of tritiated thymidine, as compared to intravenous injection, was shown to cause a local labelling of the organs inside the peritoneal cavity. This labelling was most intensive in organs situated in the part of the cavity where the injection was made. In autoradiographs of ileum from the intraperitoneally labelled animals heavily labelled cells were found in the serous membrane, the muscular layers, and even in the lamina propria close to the surface epithelium. It could be calculated that the tritiated thymidine available in the general circulation after an intraperitoneal injection was about 60 per cent of that available after an intravenous injection of the same dose.
CIGARETTE SMOKING IN RELATION TO CORONARY AND AORTIC ATHEROSCLEROSIS
Authors: Rissanen Vii. Jo. , Pyöräla Kalevi , Heinonen Olli P.
Published: August 2010

The relationship of cigarette smoking to coronary and aortic atherosclerosis was analysed in two autopsy series, one comprising 84 men aged 20–77, who had died by violence and another comprising 94 men aged 30–78, who had died suddenly from coronary heart disease. The extent of atherosclerosis was assessed by measuring the surface areas of atherosclerotic lesions by point‐counting technique. In the series of violent deaths, both the coronary and aortic atherosclerosis was more severe in cigarette smokers than in nonsmokers. As could be expected, in the series of men who had died from coronary heart disease and generally had an advanced atherosclerotic involvement of coronary arteries, the severity of coronary lesions showed no relationship to smoking habits. In the series of coronary deaths, however, aortic atherosclerosis tended also to be more extensive in cigarette smokers than in nonsmokers.
PLASMA CELL GRANULOMA (HISTIOCYTOMA) OF THE LUNG AND PLEURA
Authors: Mäkelä Veikko , Mattila Severi , Mäkinen Judit
Published: August 2010

Some rare benign tumours may occur in the lungs and pleura; they are typically composed of plasma cells, lymphocytes, histiocytes, macrophages and various amounts of fibrous tissue. These tumours are called histiocytomas (Dubilier 1968, Ivanik & Mlekodaj 1968, Kinare et al. 1965, Titus et al. 1962, Wentworth et al. 1968), plasma cell tumours or plasmacytomas (Childress et al. 1950, Hellwig 1934, Legrand & Serfati 1968, Pätiälä & Perret 1962), plasma cell granulomas (Lane et al. 1955), xanthomas (Scott et al. 1948), xanthomatotic pseudotumors (Wentworth et al. 1968). Names such as “postinflammatory tumours” (Umiker & Iverson 1954), “sclerosing haemangioma” (Liebow & Hubbe 1956, Rubin et al. 1958, Turunen et al. 1957) and “vascular endothelioma” (Edwards & Taylor 1937) have also been used. Because of this variety of nomenclature it is difficult to find out how many of the growths published under different names actually are granuloma‐like histiocytomas of the lung. However, the number of reported cases may be about thirty. Similar pseudotumours in the pleura have also been reported (Brown & Johnson 1951, Maisuk 1956). In the present work, the authors present three cases of histiocytoma‐like tumours, two of which occurred in the lungs and one in the pleura. The authors draw attention to the morphological similarity between the pleural tumours and the lung tumours.
THE OCCURRENCE AND SIGNIFICANCE OF ABNORMAL BILE DUCT EPITHELIUM IN CIRRHOSIS
Authors: Poulsen Hemming , Christoffersen Per , Dietrichson Odd , Faber Viggo
Published: August 2010

Revision of a biopsy series of 497 consecutive cases of cirrhosis revealed 31 with abnormal bile duct epithelium, corresponding to 7 per cent. It is rendered probable on the basis of morphological, clinical, biochemical, and immunological findings, that this group of cryptogenic cirrhosis has developed from chronic aggressive hepatitis. It has previously been shown, that chronic aggressive hepatitis with abnormal bile duct epithelium more quickly develops cirrhosis than chronic aggressive hepatitis without abnormal bile duct epithelium. Contrary to this finding cirrhosis with abnormal bile duct epithelium does not, during the rather short period of observation in our material (27 months) exhibit a course, that deviates from other cases of cirrhosis, as the death rate is not different from that of a larger material of cirrhosis.
RENAL TRANSPLANTATION IN RABBITS
Authors: Hansen E. Sommer , Lund B. , Ahrons S.
Published: August 2010

IgG deposition was studied in 35 biopsy specimens from 15 renal allografts into rabbits pre‐sensitized by donor kidney homogenate. Glomerular and vascular fluorescence was observed in specimens removed two hours after transplantation. Glomerular IgG deposits were found in eight and vascular IgG deposits in nine allografts. The IgG deposits were not correlated to histological alterations in glomeruli or intrarenal blood vessels. Lymphocytotoxic antibodies were demonstrable from three weeks after the first injection of kidney homogenate, and lymphocytotoxic antibodies developed in all rabbits after 6–10 weeks. The presence of lymphocytotoxic antibodies in the serum of kidney recipients prior to kidney transplantation and IgG deposition in glomeruli or intrarenal blood vessels were not associated with severe types of allograft reactions.
METASTASES TO THE UTERUS
Authors: Kiær William , Holm‐Jensen Sven
Published: August 2010

Five cases of endometrial metastases from extrapelvic tumours are reported. The diagnosis was based on curettings. Four of the primary tumours affected the breast. In the 3 cases where the histological specimens were obtained for revision the tumours proved to be of a special histological type resembling épithélioma à cellules indépendantes et sécrétantes. The fifth primary tumour was in the stomach. A common feature was the presence of mucus‐filled signet‐ring cells without extracellular mucus. The endometrial metastases showed similar appearances, but were cellular unlike the breast cancers.
ON THE INFLUENCE OF NEURAMINIDASE ON CASEIN‐INDUCED AMYLOIDOSIS IN C3H MICE
Authors: Ebbesen P.
Published: August 2010

Intraperitoneal inoculation of the receptor‐destroying enzyme neuraminidase had little effect on spleen amyloid development in mice during caseination. However, incubation of normal syngeneic lymph node cells with neuraminidase before they were injected into mice during casein treatment significantly enhanced the amyloid‐promoting effect of the cells. It is suggested that neuraminidase‐treated lymph node cells may be preferentially trapped in the spleen with subsequent transfer of an amyloid component to macrophages. The polycation DEAE‐dextran, known to accelerate amyloid formation if given intraperitoneally with casein, did not influence the effect of cell transfer. This may indicate that the amyloid promoting mechanisms of the two membrane‐active substances are different.
AMYLOIDOSIS IN MINK INDUCED BY REPEATED INJECTIONS OF ENDOTOXIN
Authors: Nordstoga Knut
Published: August 2010

Prolonged application of endotoxin derived from Escherichia coli led to deposits of amyloid in the spleen and liver in two different genotypes of mink. Simultaneous occurrence of infectious mink plasmacytosis did not seem to influence the response to endotoxin. An evident increase in PAS‐positive reticular cells, situated in close proximity to the amyloid storage, was demonstrated in the liver. Such cells were also found in the border zones of amyloid deposits in the spleen, in some cases. The results of this study suggest that the amyloid material was produced by “overstimulated” or dysfunctional reticuloendothelial cells.
STUDIES OF DIABETIC GLOMERULOSCLEROSIS USING AN IMMUNOFLUORESCENT TECHNIQUE
Authors: Thomsen Ole Frøkjær
Published: August 2010

Kidney Tissue from 22 patients with diabetes mellitus was examined using an immunofluorescent technique. The presence of the following substances was looked for: gamma G‐globulin, complement, beta‐lipoprotein, fibrinogen, albumin, insulin and anti‐insulin. Diffuse and nodular lesions were found in some, but not all cases, to contain slight amounts of gamma G‐globulin, and at times albumin. Fibrinoid caps and hyalinized arterioles revealed the presence of complement, beta‐lipoprotein, fibrinogen and occasionally gamma G‐globulin, but not albumin. There was no evidence for the presence of insulin or anti‐insulin in the kidney lesions. The results are discussed. They do not seem to support the theory of an immunologic pathogenesis of diabetic nephropathy.
PITUITARY WEIGHT AND THE HISTOLOGY OF THE PROSTATE IN ELDERLY MEN
Authors: Haugen Olav A.
Published: August 2010

Pituitary weight variation was studied in a consecutive autopsy series of 170 men over 40 years of age, among whom none had clinically manifest prostatic carcinoma; or had previously been subjected to prostatic surgery. Among several factors tested by multiple regression analysis, a statistically significant and positive correlation between pituitary weight and body length only was demonstrated. Patients with a histologically normal prostate showed a significant decrease of pituitary weight with advancing age, the weight being maintained to a larger extent in patients with benign hyperplasia and neoplasia of the prostate. In the 7th decade of life, patients with benign hyperplasia and carcinoma accompanied by hyperplasia showed significantly higher pituitary weights than normal controls. The results from the multiple regression analysis indicated that pituitary weight as such cannot be used to discriminate between various forms of prostatic histology.
THE IN VITRO MATURATION OF THE EMBRYONIC CHICKEN THYMUS:
Authors: SäLLSTRöM Jan F. , Aim Gunnar V.
Published: August 2010

Thymic anlagen of 10‐day‐old chick embryos were allowed to mature for 10 days in organ culture. Lymphocyte suspensions were prepared from such anlagen with a mean yield of 2.85 ° 10° cells per anlage. If subcultivated, such lymphocytes were stimulated by the lymphocyte mitogens Phytohaemagglutinin (PHA) and Concanavalin A (Con A). These results suggest in particular that lymphocytes may acquire their reactivity to PHA and Con A in the thymic micro‐environment. In general the usefulness of the organ culture technique for the clarification of thymic functions is indicated.
THE PROLIFERATIVE ACTIVITY OF THE MYOCARDIAL TISSUE IN VARIOUS FORMS OF EXPERIMENTAL CARDIAC HYPERTROPHY
Authors: Ljungqvist Arne , Unge Gunnar
Published: August 2010

Various forms of experimental cardiac hypertrophy were investigated by light microscope autoradiography and measurements of tissue radioactivity after in vivo injections of 3H‐thymidine in rats. In the autaradiograms an attempt was made to distinguish between labelled vessel wall cells, connective tissue cells and heart muscle cells. A highly significant increase in the nuclear incorporation of 3H‐thymidine was recorded in both ventricle walls of rats with cardiac hypertrophy induced by swimming exercise. The increased incorporation was mainly confined to the nuclei of cells in the walls of the blood capillaries. A considerably smaller increase in the incorporation into capillary wall cells was recorded in the left ventricle wall of rats with cardiac hypertrophy secondary to prolonged arterial hypertension and aortic stenosis of 1–2 weeks1 duration. No increased incorporation of 3‐thymidine into the myocardial tissue was found in rats if their swimming exercise was followed by a period of rest, in rats with short‐term hypertension and in rats with aortic stenosis of 2 months' duration. The observations suggest a significant neoformation of myocardial blood vessels during swimming exercise, whereas any neoformation of myocardial blood vessels in arterial hypertension and aortic stenosis appears to be of minor degree.
THE EFFECT OF LONG‐TERM CHALLENGE WITH ENDOTOXIN ON INFECTIOUS MINK PLASMACYTOSIS
Authors: Nordstoga Knut
Published: August 2010

Fifty female Sapphire kits were inoculated immediately after weaning with an organ suspension containing the agent of mink plasmacytosis. The animals were equally divided into an experimental group and a control group; animals in the first group received injections of endotoxin originating from Escherichia coli, initially twice weekly and later once weekly, each dose consisting of 1 rag. This treatment greatly enhanced the development of plasmacytosis, and after 8 months of experimentation, only 3 animals in the test group survived, whereas 10 controls were still alive. Most of the experimental mink revealed lienal and hepatic storage of amyloid, three animals had also amyloid deposits in renal glomeruli.
HISTOLOGICAL CHANGES IN TWO SEROLOGICALLY DEFINED GROUPS OF CHRONIC HEPATITIS
Authors: Christoffersen Per , Dietrichson Odd , Nielsen Jens O. , Elling Preben
Published: August 2010

Forty‐two consecutive patients with biopsy verified chronic hepatitis and available serum specimens were divided into two groups: group 1: 12 patients with persistent Au‐antigenemia but neither antinuclear antibodies (ANA) nor smooth muscle antibodies (SMA) and group 2: 27 patients without detectable Au‐antigen but with ANA and/or SMA. The histological features in the two groups have been compared. There is a significantly higher incidence of parenchymal inflammation and a significantly higher degree of portal inflammation in group 2 than in group 1, just as there is more pronounced occurrence of plasma cells. A morphological follow‐up of 92 per cent of the patients shows a significantly more frequent development of cirrhosis in the group with ANA and/or SMA.
SCHEDULE DEPENDENCY OF THE ANTILEUKEMIC ACTIVITY OF THE PODOPHYLLOTOXIN‐DERIVATIVE VP 16–213 (NSC‐141540) IN L1210 LEUKEMIA
Authors: Dombernowsky Per , Nissen Nis I.
Published: August 2010

The schedule dependency of the antileukemic activity and toxicity of the podophyllotoxin derivative VP 16–213 (NSC‐141540) was investigated against the L1210 ascites tumour in N/D mice. In the toxicity experiments LD10 for intraperitoneal (i.p.) treatment on day 1 only, once daily for five days and once daily day 1, 5, 9 and 13 was found to be 47.0, 7.7 and 33.6 mg/kg, respectively. In the therapy experiments treatment was started 24 hours after inoculation of 105 L1210 cells i.p. The optimal concentrations gave for treatment on day 1 only 75 per cent increase in lifespan and 13 per cent cures. Daily treatment for 5 days was superior to treatment day 1 only, this was again exceeded by treatment at 2–4 days intervals. Even better results were obtained with treatment at 4 days intervals (cure rate 63 per cent), while treatment at 6–8 days intervals gave inferior results. Divided treatment every 3 hours for 24 hours demonstrated a significant superiority over a single treatment. This together with the mechanism of action could indicate, that VP 16–213 is a cell cycle specific drug.
THE SIGNIFICANCE OF MALLORY BODIES IN THE PROGRESSION OF FATTY LIVER INTO CIRRHOSIS
Authors: Christoffersen Per , Juhl Erik
Published: August 2010

Two groups of liver biopsies with fatty change, one with and one without Mallory bodies, are compared morphologically, and the corresponding groups of patients are compared biochemically and clinically. Both the morphological and the biochemical activity are greater in the group with Mallory bodies, and, as the morphological follow‐up shows a significantly more frequent development of cirrhosis in the group with Mallory bodies, there is good reason to believe that Mallory bodies and alcoholic hepatitis give rise to development of connective tissue in the parenchyma and are the common cause for development of cirrhosis in alcoholics with livers exhibiting fatty change.
HISTOLOGICAL CHANGES IN LIVER BIOPSIES FROM PATIENTS WITH CHRONIC HEPATITIS
Authors: Christoffersen Per , Dietrichson Odd
Published: August 2010

A material of 111 biopsies exhibiting chronic hepatitis from 111 patients has been selected from a total consecutive liver biopsy material of 3774. The material is divided into two groups: 85 patients exhibiting changes as in chronic aggressive hepatitis and 26 patients with histological changes as in chronic persistent hepatitis. The incidence and degree of portal and parenchymal changes in both groups is described. A morphologic follow up gives evidence for a general poor prognosis in cases with chronic aggressive hepatitis often with development of cirrhosis, whereas the prognosis in chronic persistent hepatitis is excellent, and cirrhosis will with almost certainty not develop. It is stressed that in the cases with chronic persistent hepatitis the morphologic and functional findings only justify the statement, that this condition appears to be chronic persistent hepatitis. Only after repeated examinations which reveal no progression, but a similar picture over many months, can the definite diagnosis be made.
HISTOLOGICAL LIVER DISORDER AND ANTI‐COLON ANTIBODIES IN ULCERATIVE COLITIS
Authors: Marcussen Henrik
Published: August 2010

In 97 patients with ulcerative colitis, representing a large clinical spectrum of the disease, liver disorder was assessed by estimation of percutaneous liver biopsy. Thirty‐nine patients presented histological changes—the greater part of minor degree—, i.e. an incidence of abnormal liver histology in ulcerative colitis in 40 per cent (95 per cent confidence limits 30–51 per cent). Antibodies against mucous‐containing cells of the colon epithelium, detected by the immunofluorescence technique and without correlation to histological liver disorder, were found in 19 patients.
THE FREQUENCY AND TOPOGRAPHICAL DISTRIBUTION OF CARCINOMA IN SITU WITH BUDS IN THE UTERINE CERVIX
Authors: Rubio C. A.
Published: August 2010

The frequency and distribution of carcinoma in situ with buds (CISB) in the cervical mucosa was studied in punch and/or cone specimens from 102 consecutive cases with dysplasia or carcinoma in situ. CISB was found in 20 per cent of the cases. Studies of the linear extension in sections of cone specimens showed that CISB represented a small portion (20 per cent) of the total atypical epithelium and only 33 per cent of the areas with carcinoma in situ, the remaining being carcinoma in situ simplex (CISS). In 6 of the 10 cones with CISB, the lesion was limited to only 1 of the 4 quadrants. Patients with dysplasia were on the average 5.4 years younger than those with carcinoma in situ. No differences in age were found for cases classified as carcinoma in situ with or without buds. The histological findings and age distribution indicate that CISB and CISS are histological variants of carcinoma in situ. There is no evidence that CISS progresses to CISB.
INHIBITORY EFFECT OF DEGRADED CARRAGEENAN ON THE FORMATION OF FASTING‐INDUCED AVILLOUS LESIONS IN THE GUINEA‐PIG DUODENUM
Authors: Poulsen Steen Seier , Fenger Claus
Published: August 2010

In response to total fasting guinea‐pigs develop avillous areas in the duodenum. It has been established that this reaction is due to the effect of acid gastric juice upon the duodenal mucosa. In the present study the acid production in some guinea‐pigs was inhibited by the subcutaneous administration of degraded carrageenan. It was demonstrated that this significantly reduced the formation of avillous areas in connection with fasting.
MYOCARDIAL DAMAGE IN CHILDREN AND ITS RELATION TO CORONARY ARTERY LESIONS
Authors: Pesonen Erkki
Published: August 2010

Signs of fresh myocardial damage, as evidenced by the fuchsinorrhagic method, and thickenings of the inner vascular layers of the coronary arteries were found in a series of autopsies on children. The myocardial changes were more prominent in the hearts of children with infections and congenital heart defects than in those with other diseases. The extent of the damage was significantly correlated with the thickness of the inner vascular layers. These observations support the view that the vascular wall can thicken rapidly. The parallel occurrence of the myocardial damage and thickenings suggests a common aetiology.
RENAL LESIONS IN RATS WITH LONG‐TERM ALLOXAN DIABETES
Authors: Hägg Erik
Published: August 2010

A light microscopic quantitation and comparison of some selected glomerular structures (basement membrane and mesangial area) in nondiabetic and in untreated alloxan diabetic rats at various ages was performed. It applies to both groups of rats that a significant age‐related increase of graded glomerular basement membrane thickness and of measured mesangial area developed. In time, however, this increase was significantly more pronounced in the diabetic than in the nondiabetic group. Tubular and interstitial changes were also observed, both in nondiabetic and in diabetic rats. The importance of using an adequate number of nondiabetic, age‐matched controls in studies of the mentioned glomerular changes in diabetic rats is emphasized. A quantitation of the changes in “blind” studies is advisable.
GLOMERULAR BASEMENT MEMBRANE THICKENING IN RATS WITH LONG‐TERM ALLOXAN DIABETES
Authors: Hägg Erik
Published: August 2010

Alloxan diabetes was induced in a total of 16 female rats. Eight of them were untreated and 8 were given weekly injections of cyclophosphamide. Five nondiabetic female rats served as controls. Kidney biopsies were performed at 15 months of age, corresponding to a diabetes duration of 12 months. Glomerular basement membrane thickness was measured on electron micrographs using two methods: one described by Jørgensen & Bentzon (7) and the other by Weibel & Knight (22) (the latter method originally employed for measuring the alveolo‐capillary membrane in rat lung). The numerical agreement between the two methods was good. The Weibel method, however, showed definite theoretical and practical advantages. A light microscopic grading of basement membrane thickness was fairly well correlated to the results of these electron microscopic methods. The glomerular basement membrane was significantly thicker in the untreated diabetic rats than in the controls, but there was no significant difference in thickness between the untreated and the cyclophosphamide treated diabetic group. A positive correlation could be demonstrated between weighted diuresis and basement membrane thickness of the diabetic rats.
OCCURRENCE OF IMMUNOGLOBULIN AND COMPLEMENT IN THE GLOMERULI OF RATS WITH LONG‐TERM ALLOXAN DIABETES
Authors: Hägg Erik
Published: August 2010

The occurrence of immunoglobulin G (IgG) and complement (β1C) in the kidneys of untreated alloxan diabetic rats has been investigated by immunofluorescent technique using ethanol fixed, paraffin embedded tissue. The results were compared with light microscopical glomerular changes described previously. IgG could be demonstrated in glomeruli (mainly in the mesangium) of almost all diabetic rats as early as one month after diabetes induction, i.e. before light microscopical glomerular lesions were present. The frequency and severity of IgG deposition did not change with increasing diabetes duration up to 12 months. There was a positive correlation between the amount of mesangial IgG and the severity of the diabetic state, as measured by diuresis. Slight amounts of mesangial IgG were also found in a few old nondiabetic controls. β1C could not be demonstrated with certainty in glomeruli when using the paraffin embedding method. However, the use of freezing technique in a few diabetic rats permitted detection of β1C in the mesangium of some cases.
AUTOLYTIC CHANGES IN THE HUMAN MYOCARDIUM
Authors: Andersen Johan Adolph , Hansen Birgit Fischer
Published: August 2010

Very few studies are available on autolytic changes in the human myocardium. We therefore made a study of 30 hearts maintained in situ. Fifteen hearts were studied on an average 91/2 hours postmortem, and the other 15 hearts on an average 74 hours postmortem. Two myocardial slices from each heart were incubated for 30 minutes at 37°C in a solution consisting of substrate, Nitro‐BT and buffer. Twenty‐five hearts were intensely and uniformly blackish blue in appearance, due to the formation of diformazan in the myocardium, whereas five hearts presented unstained areas. These areas were evaluated as being recent myocardial infarcts. Micro‐enzymatic studies of the same hearts revealed corresponding results. With increasing postmortem intervals, the diformazan appeared as coarse, uneven and disarranged granules. With regard to the commonly accepted parameters pertaining to recent myocardial infarct, histological study showed these parameters to vary so much from one heart to another and from one area to another within the individual heart that we abandoned quantitative analysis of these changes. The macro‐ and micro‐enzymatic dehydrogenase reaction is well‐suited for the detection of acute myocardial infarction in all cases up to and including the third postmortem day.
KARYOMETRY OF LIVER BIOPSIES IN VIRUS HEPATITIS
Authors: Ranek Leo , Jensen Søren Tolver , Keiding Niels
Published: August 2010

Liver biopsies from ten patients with clinically mild or moderate acute virus hepatitis, taken in the acute phase of the disease and in the recovery phase or later, were assessed for the size of liver cell nuclei and the number of binuclear nuclei. A parametric model of the distributions of the nuclear radii was used to estimate the mean nuclear radius of diploid nuclei and the frequencies of di‐, tetra‐ and octaploid nuclei. During the acute phase of virus hepatitis the liver cell nuclei were often larger, with greater variation in size, than in the recovery phase. This pleomorphism was not only due to pyknotic and necrotic nuclei as these were not measured. It is assumed that the enlargement of the nuclei was due to increased metabolic activity of the nuclei. The frequencies of polyploid nuclei and binuclear liver cells were higher in the first biopsies, probably reflecting regenerative activity. No correlation was found between the severity of the disease as judged by liver histology or routine liver tests and the degree of nuclear changes with respect to size and frequency of polyploid or binuclear liver cells.