bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Sonia Delaunay and Simultanism
Authors: Vasiliev Alexandre
Published: November 2016

The life and work of Sonia Delaunay (1885-1979), especially her clothing and textile designs as reflections of the theory of Simultanism, are the focus of this article. Also discussed are her works for the Ballets Russes and other theater companies, her commercial undertakings, the impact of her color theory on Russian artists such as Georgii Yakulov, and her connections with the Paris avant-gardists such as André Lhote and Tristan Tzara.
Haberdashery as Ethnography: The Case of Léon Bakst
Authors: Bowlt John E.
Published: November 2016

The focus of this article is on Léon Bakst’s activities as textile and dress designer during the 1910s and early 1920s, especially in the United States. Particular note is made of his interest in questions of nationality—whether Persian, Indian, Siamese, Jewish or American Indian—as reflected in fabrics and clothing. Bakst’s interaction with American patrons, such as the Garretts, is discussed as are his pedagogical and theoretical concerns.
Found Theologies versus Imposed Theologies: Remarks on Theology and Ethnography from a Sociological Perspective
Authors: Marti Gerardo
Published: November 2016

Some theologians have adopted ethnographic methods in their theological work. This innovation brings exciting possibilities to theological work for grasping local social situations and structures, although it also brings significant new challenges. As a sociologist who uses ethnographic methods and pays attention to theological orientations and their effects, I view the work of ethnography as a powerful methodology filled with both possibilities and perils. The newfound enthusiasm for ethnography among theologians may not yet adequately recognize the hazards involved in the use of qualitative research methods for generating valid empirical observations. Insights generated by participant observation are constantly at risk of imposition of personal presumptions and asserted “truths,” especially when researchers enter the field with strongly held convictions and compelling worldviews. In this paper, a distinction between “found theologies” and “imposed theologies” is offered as a heuristic for conversation in the hope of further substantiating a sound basis for future scholarship.
Partnership Not Dialogue: Lent and Ramadan under the Same Roof
Authors: Brittain Christopher Craig
Published: November 2016

Since January 2011, members of a mosque in Aberdeen, Scotland have been meeting to pray in an Episcopal Church. Based on ethnographic research in both congregations, this paper explores the reasons each community entered into the relationship, the public reaction that erupted when the existence of the arrangement was discovered, and how members of each group describe the benefits of the situation. The essay argues that this relationship is better described as an ‘inter-faith partnership’ rather than an ‘inter-faith dialogue’. Moreover, it is suggested that the relationship was successful largely due to this distinction. The discussion thus challenges the predominance of ‘dialogue’ as the primary model for conceiving interfaith relationships and engagements.
Conflicting Identities: An Ethnographic Account of Conflict and Schism in an Episcopal Parish
Authors: Mercer Joyce Ann
Published: November 2016

This paper draws upon a congregational study of an Episcopal parish in the United States in conflict over sexuality issues. Based on ethnographic research, the paper tells the story of a small Northern Virginia church’s internal struggles, schism, and continuing post-schism conflicts, in the context of its changing external social and religious landscape. A practical theological analysis of these conflicts explores the existence of different theological and political ecclesiologies shaping the conflict, as well as utilizing the work of peace scholars Marie Dugan
1
and John Paul Lederach
2
to consider conflict’s multidimensional, interacting features.
We Will roc You!
Authors: Kotkina Irina
Published: November 2016

This paper analyses developments of the new cultural policy of the Russian government and the role of the Russian Orthodox Church (roc) in the implementation of this cultural policy. This question is embedded into a broader research problem of the status of the roc in today’s Russian society, and its relation to the phenomena of secularization and post-secularization. This paper argues that although the roc has no clear-cut cultural policy and is under the influence of the government, it recently made significant steps towards embracing a hegemonic vision of Orthodox cultural policy with the help of a series of legal litigations about secular cultural products. Wagner’s Tannhäuser opera production in Novosibirsk and the scandal initiated by the roc is under scrutiny as a case study in this paper.
The Reception of Leviathan in Light of Two Soviet “Cultural Scandals”: A Revival of Soviet Rhetoric and Values?
Authors: Ikonen Susan
Published: November 2016

Andrei Zviagintsev’s award-winning movie “Leviathan” (2014) triggered a fierce debate among domestic audiences in Russia. It was blamed for being anti-Russian and slandering Russian life. The rhetoric of these accusations reminded many Russians of Soviet-era campaigns against writers and filmmakers. This article analyses the film’s reception by different audiences, of which the most critically harsh and insistent voice was that of the Orthodox activists. The article also attempts to connect expressions of patriotism and shared identity with Soviet-era models. In this context, it discusses Stalin-era cultural control with a special focus on two Thaw-era literary scandals: the controversies about Vladimir Dudintsev’s novel (1956) and Boris Pasternak’s Nobel Prize (1958).
Zakhar Prilepin, the National Bolshevik Movement and Catachrestic Politics
Authors: Huttunen Tomi , Lassila Jussi
Published: November 2016

This article examines the Russian writer and publicist Zakhar Prilepin, a visible representative of Russiaʼs patriotic currents since 2014, and a well-known activist of the radical oppositional National Bolshevik Party (nbp) since 2006. We argue that Prilepinʼs public views point at particular catachrestic political activism. Catachresis is understood here as a socio-semantic misuse of conventional concepts as well as a practice in which political identifications blur the distinctions defining established political activity. The background for the catachrestic politics, as used in this article, was formed by the 1990s post-Soviet turmoil and by Russiaʼs weak socio-political institutions, which facilitate and sustain the space for the self-purposeful radicalism and non-conformism – the trademarks of nbp. Prilepinʼs and nbpʼs narrated experience of fatherlessness related to the 1990s was compensated by personal networks and cultural idols, which often present mutually conflicting positions. In Pierre Bourdieuʼs terminology, Prilepin and the Nationalist Bolshevik’s case illustrate the strength of the literary field over the civic-political one. Catachrestic politics helps to conceptualize not only Prilepin’s activities but also contributes to the study of the political style of the National Bolshevik Party, Prilepinʼs main political base. As a whole, the paper provides insights into the study of Russiaʼs public intellectuals who have played an important role in Russiaʼs political discussion in the place of of well-established political movements.
Religious Identity of Modern Orthodox and Hasidic Jewry in St. Petersburg
Authors: Ostrovskaya Elena
Published: November 2016

This article describes the results of field research into religious Jewry of St. Petersburg. I analyze biographies of Modern Orthodox and Hasids of Lubavitcher traditions (or the Chabads as they call themselves), who in the aftermath of the Soviet Union’s disintegration in the 1990s chose observance as their self-identity and lifestyle. The paper is aimed at answering the following questions: how do modern Jewish identities differ from one another among the St.Petersburg observant Jewry raised in non-religious families and Soviet schools? How do they coordinate their collective identity with other Jewish communities around the world? To conceptualize my research, I have used Giddens and Beck’s theories of modernity, while my methodology draws on the use of biography and biographical narrative in ethnographic studies. I argue that individual reflexivity gained new importance for both Modern Orthodox Jews and the Chabads in the post-Soviet religious liberation and the arrival of new religious influences. However, whereas Modern Orthodox Jews emphasize the autonomy of their subject position and stress the meaning of individual dogma, the Chabads foreground the primacy of tradition when reflecting on their identity as religious Jews.
Study of the Oriental genus Alishania Vilbaste (Hemiptera: Cicadellidae: Deltocephalinae) from China with description of one new species
Authors: LU LIN , ZHANG YALIN
Published: November 2016

The Oriental leafhopper genus Alishania Vilbaste, is reviewed and includes A. formosana, A. fodingensis, A. attenuata and a new species, A. quadrilamina sp. nov., found during a survey of leafhoppers in Xizang and described here. A key to males of Alishania species, together with descriptions, a checklist and figures are provided. Based on the structure of the aedeagus, Alishania is here transferred from subtribe Opsiina to subtribe Circuliferina of tribe Opsiini.
Methods for Broadband Spectral Analysis: Intrinsic Fluorescence Temperature Sensing as an Example
Authors: Zhang Weiwei , Wang Guoyao , Baxter Greg W. , Collins Stephen F.
Published: November 2016

A systematic study was performed on the temperature-dependent fluorescence of (Ba,Sr)2SiO4:Eu2+. The barycenter and extended intensity ratio techniques were proposed to characterize the broadband fluorescence spectra. These techniques and other known methods (listed below) were employed and compared in the fluorescent temperature sensing experiment. Multiple sensing functions were obtained using the behaviors of: (1) the barycenter location of the emission band; (2) the emission bandwidth; and (3) the ratio of intensities at different wavelengths in the emission band, respectively. The barycenter technique was not limited by the spectrometer resolution and worked well while the peak location method failed. All the sensing functions were based on the intrinsic characteristics of the fluorescence of the phosphor and demonstrated nearly linear relationships with temperature in the measuring range. The multifunctional temperature-sensing abilities of the phosphor can be applied in a point thermometer or thermal mapping. The new techniques were validated successfully for characterizing various spectra.
Damage tolerant composite design principles for aircraft components under static service loading using multi-scale progressive failure analysis
Authors: Godines Cody , DorMohammadi Saber , Abdi Frank , Villa Montero Marc , Huang Dade , Minnetyan Levon
Published: November 2016

The overall objective of this effort was to provide theoretical prediction for damage development for a set of laminated composites using Alpha STAR Corporations’ commercial code GENOA (GENeral Optimization Analyzer) for the Air Force Research Laboratory program entitled “Damage Tolerance Design Principles (DTDP)”. Damage progression and prediction for advance composite benchmarks were done under static and fatigue service loading using test data from Lockheed Martin Aeronautics and Air Force Research Laboratory. In the current paper, the results for the static analysis are presented. Emerging and innovative multi-scale (MS) modeling using computational structural mechanics and progressive failure analysis were proven to address the Air Force’s vision to perform predictive evaluation of composite materials using a building block validation strategy and certification process. Three layups were tested in tension and compression for unnotched and openhole configurations. Calibration of the fiber and matrix properties was performed using in plane, 3pt bend and DCB test data. After this, mesh convergence, solver selection based on CPU time, and mesh sensitivities was performed. The static blind simulations of strength showed an average error of 12.9% between simulation and the test data. For stiffness, the percent difference was found to be 23.5% on average. Although the focus was on the ability to blindly predict test data, recalibration efforts show an average of 9.2% difference between simulation and test for strengths and 12.4% for stiffness computations. Damage at ∼60–75% and ∼90% of max loading was comparable with X-ray observations of specimens set aside solely for that purpose. All simulations used the same set of inputs (constituents, voids, fiber waviness, etc.) except for the noted analysis setting differences between blind and recalibration simulations. The method is consistent and follows a building block simulation approach that has an advanced yet simplistic theoretical multi-scale progressive failure analysis approach all contained in the commercial GENOA software. The method was demonstrated to work having GENOA directly run sequential NASTRAN simulations and, post project completion, with the ABAQUS solver using GENOA as a material subroutine.
Cultural Looting and Restitution at the Dawn of the Cold War: The French Recovery Missions in Eastern Europe
Authors: Cœuré Sophie
Published: November 2016

France was massively affected by Nazi looting and plundering, and was also probably one of the most successful countries in securing the return of cultural property. Drawing on recently opened Archives, this article reflects on the entangled history of the ‘recovery’ of works of art in Soviet occupation zones, in Poland, Czechoslovakia and in the GDR, focusing on the French investigations in the East. The micro history of this fieldwork allows for an interpretation of looting and restitution as a transnational moment of political and memory construction. The article first presents the organization of missions in the changing landscape of Europe, leading to the beginning of an East-West relationship on the ground. Then it analyses French and Soviet visions of the notion of looting, restitution and cultural property and finally concludes by attempting to interpret a loss of memory.
Presence and Absence of the Shoah in Strasbourg – A Regional Narrative
Authors: Kalman Julie
Published: November 2016

‘Presence and Absence of the Shoah in Strasbourg – A Regional Narrative’ tells a particularly Alsatian story of the absenting of Jews from the postwar narrative of the city of Strasbourg, and through it, the author explores the tension between regional specificity in a border region with a distinct local identity and a unique history, and a broader national narrative in France. Jews in postwar Strasbourg were absented from the narrative of the war through the double impulse of containment and universalisation. This article uses these double impulses to raise the question of the significance to the postwar of border regions in the making of national narratives.
Utopian Hopes or Dystopian Fears? Exploring the Motivational Underpinnings of Moralized Political Engagement
Authors: Skitka Linda J. , Hanson Brittany E. , Wisneski Daniel C.
Published: November 2016

People are more likely to become politically engaged (e.g., vote, engage in activism) when issues are associated with strong moral convictions. The goal of this research was to understand the underlying motivations that lead to this well-replicated effect. Specifically, to what extent is moralized political engagement motivated by proscriptive concerns (e.g., perceived harms, anticipated regret), prescriptive concerns (e.g., perceived benefits, anticipated pride), or some combination of these processes? And are the motivational pathways between moral conviction and political engagement the same or different for liberals and conservatives? Two studies (combined N = 2,069) found that regardless of political orientation, the association between moral conviction and political engagement was mediated by the perceived benefits of preferred but not the perceived harms of non-preferred policy outcomes, and by both anticipated pride and regret, findings that replicated in two contexts: legalizing same-sex marriage and allowing concealed weapons on college campuses.
When rotten apples spoil the ballot: The conditional effect of corruption charges on parties’ vote shares
Authors: Ceron Andrea , Mainenti Marco
Published: November 2016

The impact of corruption charges on the electoral performance of parties is conditioned by specific institutional factors. This article shows the extent to which the effects of political corruption depend on the control that party leaders exercise over the ballot. It is argued that voters might abstain or support other lists if they cannot select individual candidates to revitalize the reputation of the political party. Employing data on judicial investigations in Italy from 1983 to 2013, we provide evidence of the role of electoral rules and intra-party xcandidate selection in shaping the relationship between corruption and voters’ behaviour. Parties implicated in corruption or related crimes experience a loss of votes when they compete under a closed list formula or when the candidate selection process is strongly centralized.
Factors Influencing Likelihood of Voice Therapy Attendance: Report from the CHEER Network
Authors: Misono Stephanie , Marmor Schelomo , Roy Nelson , Mau Ted , Cohen Seth M.
Published: November 2016

Objective

To identify factors associated with the likelihood of attending voice therapy among patients referred for it in the CHEER (Creating Healthcare Excellence through Education and Research) practice‐based research network infrastructure.

Study Design

Prospectively enrolled cross‐sectional study.

Setting

CHEER network of community and academic sites.

Methods

Data were collected on patient‐reported demographics, voice‐related diagnoses, voice‐related handicap (Voice Handicap Index–10), likelihood of attending voice therapy (VT), and opinions on factors influencing likelihood of attending VT. The relationships between patient characteristics/opinions and likelihood of attending VT were investigated.

Results

A total of 170 patients with various voice‐related diagnoses reported receiving a recommendation for VT. Of those, 85% indicated that they were likely to attend it, regardless of voice‐related handicap severity. The most common factors influencing likelihood of VT attendance were insurance/copay, relief that it was not cancer, and travel. Those who were not likely to attend VT identified, as important factors, unclear potential improvement, not understanding the purpose of therapy, and concern that it would be too hard. In multivariate analysis, factors associated with greater likelihood of attending VT included shorter travel distance, age (40‐59 years), and being seen in an academic practice.

Conclusions

Most patients reported plans to attend VT as recommended. Patients who intended to attend VT reported different considerations in their decision making from those who did not plan to attend. These findings may inform patient counseling and efforts to increase access to voice care.
Kinetics and equilibrium of lanthanum biosorption by free and immobilized microalgal cells
Authors: Corrêa Fernanda do Nascimento , Luna Aderval Severino , da Costa Antonio Carlos Augusto
Published: November 2016

This work aimed to study the potential for bioremediation of lanthanum by microalgae Ankistrodesmus sp. and Golenkinia sp., as free cells and immobilized in calcium alginate pellets. To reach that goal, studies have been conducted in batch and in continuous fixed bed column. Kinetic models of pseudo-first order and -second order and equilibrium isotherms of Langmuir and Freundlich were used to predict the metal accumulation behavior by free and immobilized biomass in a batch system. The data were best fit to kinetic model of second order, with coefficients of determination (R2) greater than 0.98. Free cells were more efficient in the process than alginate pellets and it was not possible to model the results due to the very fast uptake. Equilibrium modelling indicated that both free and immobilized cells, as well as alginate pellets results were best fit to Langmuir equation due to the high R2 value and similarity with experimental results. Dynamic column tests conducted with Ankistrodesmus sp. and Golenkinia sp. immobilized cells during 8 hours presented 80% efficiency in the removal of the metal, without reaching saturation. The high and fast ability of the microalgae to adsorb lanthanum corroborates their potential large-scale application.
Model-fitting approach for methylene blue dye adsorption on Camelina and Sapindus seeds-derived adsorbents
Authors: Sharma Sunanda , Tiwari DP , Pant KK
Published: November 2016

Adsorption of methylene blue dye over the adsorbent derived from Sapindus seed hull (S) and Camelina (C) is studied. Batch adsorption study on both adsorbents is compared as a function of various parameters such as time, initial concentration and temperature. Langmuir and Freundlich models were fitted to the equilibrium data of methylene blue dye adsorption. Kinetics was evaluated using pseudo-first- and second-order models. Weber Morris model helped to understand the intraparticle diffusion during adsorption of methylene blue molecules. Thermodynamic analysis on both adsorbents revealed the spontaneity of the process. The relative study illustrated a comparison in adsorption capacities among both the adsorbents. Morphology explicated the surface characteristics of both the sorbents. Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy spectrum revealed a variety of functional groups on adsorbents’ surface.
Skeletal Metastasis of Canine Urothelial Carcinoma: Pathologic and Computed Tomographic Features
Authors: Charney V. A. , Miller M. A. , Heng H. G. , Weng H. Y. , Knapp D. W.
Published: November 2016

Invasive urothelial (transitional cell) carcinoma (UC) is the most common cancer in the canine urinary tract. Prolonged survival of dogs with UC due to better management of the primary tumor and prevention of urethral obstruction might have contributed to an apparent increase in distant metastasis. Metastasis to bone is particularly concerning because the ensuing pain often leads to euthanasia; however, little is known of the frequency, site, or nature of UC skeletal metastasis. In a retrospective analysis, 17 (9%) of 188 canine UC cases had histologically confirmed skeletal metastasis, mainly to the vertebrae. In a prospective analysis of 21 dogs with UC that underwent total body computed tomography (CT) at euthanasia followed by a standardized pathologic examination, skeletal lesions detected on CT were suspected to be metastatic in 4 dogs and were confirmed as metastatic UC histologically in 3 (14%) dogs. In all 3 cases, skeletal metastasis had been suspected based on history and physical examination; however, 1 dog had additional CT-detected skeletal metastases in a clinically unsuspected location, and 2 dogs had histologically confirmed skeletal metastases that corresponded to nonspecific osseous lesions on CT. These findings suggest that total body CT could be helpful in detecting skeletal metastasis as a cause of bone pain in dogs with UC as well as in identifying clinically “silent” sites of skeletal metastasis.
Blinded by Love
Authors: Dalessandro Cristen , Wilkins Amy C.
Published: November 2016

While young people today expect gender equity in relationships, inequality persists. In this article, we use interviews with 25 young adults (ages 22 to 32) to investigate the link between gender meanings, age meanings, and continued inequality in relationships. Middle-class young adults tell relationship stories in a gender and age context that both reflect and perpetuate ideas about adult masculinity and femininity. While women often tell stories of poor treatment in relationships, they are able to reclaim agency over their experiences and believe that they can solve their relationship problems by understanding their experiences as part of the normative path to adult womanhood. In contrast, men are able to explain their bad relationship behavior by attributing that behavior to youth and immaturity. By telling these stories, both women and men imagine that growing up will fix gender inequalities, obfuscating the persistence of gender inequalities in later adulthood. This work sheds light on the way narratives of age contribute to the persistence of gender inequality in romantic relationships.
Immigration Enforcement and Domination
Authors: Sager Alex
Published: November 2016

Normative reflection on the ethics of migration has tended to remain at the level of abstract principle with limited attention to the practice of immigration administration and enforcement. This paper explores the implications of this practice for an ethics of immigration with particular attention to the problem of bureaucratic domination. I contend that migration administration and enforcement cannot overcome bureaucratic domination because of the inherent vulnerability of migrant populations and the transnational enforcement of border controls by multiple public and private actors. The implication is that even if restrictive immigration policies are permissible in principle, the attempt to enforce them leads to injustices that make them ethically unacceptable in practice.
Frequency of Common VKORC1 Polymorphisms and Their Impact on Warfarin Dose Requirement in Pakistani Population
Authors: Qayyum Aisha , Najmi Muzammil Hasan , Mansoor Qaisar , Irfan Muhammad , Naveed Abdul Khaliq , Hanif Andleeb , Kazmi Ali Raza , Ismail Muhammad
Published: November 2016

Polymorphisms in vitamin K epoxide reductase complex subunit 1 (VKORC1) gene lead to interindividual variability in warfarin dose requirement. The characterization of genotype frequency distribution is required in different populations for construction of customized dosing algorithms to enhance the efficacy and reduce the toxicity of warfarin therapy. This study was carried out in Pakistani population to evaluate the contribution of common VKORC1 polymorphisms to warfarin therapy. A total of 550 stable patients taking warfarin were enrolled after medical history, physical examination, and laboratory investigations. Single blood sample was collected after informed consent. Genomic DNA was extracted and genotype analysis for VKORC1 1173C>T and VKORC1–1639G>A polymorphisms was done by polymerase chain reaction–restriction fragment length polymorphism assay. A number of samples were also analyzed by direct DNA sequencing for validation of results. Data were analyzed using SPSS version 20. Genotype frequency distributions of VKORC1 1173C>T and VKORC1–1639G>A were found to be different from other populations. Both of these polymorphisms did not demonstrate significant effect on warfarin dose requirement. Although Cytochrome P450 2C9 (CYP2C9) and VKORC1 polymorphisms together attributed only 3.8% variability in warfarin dose but it was statistically significant ( p value = .004). It is concluded that there is a need to study genotype frequency distribution and their effect on warfarin dose variability among different populations due to diversity in outcome. At the same time, no effect on warfarin dose variation explained by VKORC1 polymorphisms and small variability explained by studied genotypes stresses the need for exploration of more genetic and nongenetic factors in Pakistani population.
The Young and the Sacred
Authors: Baring R. V. , Erasga D. S. , Garcia L. dlR. , Peracullo J. C. , Ubaldo L. R.
Published: November 2016

The article presents an empirical understanding of the sacred among the Filipino youth from a multicultural and multifaith context. A multistage item development in Manila and Mindanao was undertaken to prepare a Likert scale meant to explore the empirical dimensions of the construct ‘sacred’. Exploratory factor analysis was utilized to identify the underlying factor structure. The results reveal a four-factor structure: religious, valued, ethical and communal. Filipino youths’ notions veered away from the traditional sacred–profane continuum by introducing a personal–religious dynamic. The results underscore the affinity of the religious dimensions (divine and communal) to Filipino youths’ personal appreciation (ethical and valued) of the sacred.
Beyond salience and position taking
Authors: Dolezal Martin , Ennser-Jedenastik Laurenz , Müller Wolfgang C , Praprotnik Katrin , Winkler Anna Katharina
Published: November 2016

This article examines aspects of election manifestos that are largely ignored by extant manifesto-based studies focusing on issue saliencies and policy positions. Drawing on the literatures on negative campaigning, retrospective voting, party mandates and personalization, we develop a scheme of categories that allows for the analysis of attacks on competitors, references to a party’s track record, subjective and objective policy pledges and the prominence of party leaders in manifestos. We also show that these elements are present in manifestos of major European parties. The relevance of these categories, we argue, should be influenced by a party’s status in government or opposition, its ideology, its size, the relative popularity of party leaders and the occurrence of early elections. Our systematic examination of 46 Austrian election manifestos produced between 1986 and 2013 demonstrates that many of these expectations are supported by the evidence. Most notably, it emerges that government and opposition parties write manifestos that differ with respect to all of the five characteristics analysed. This suggests that there are systematic differences between government and opposition party manifestos that should be taken into consideration by scholars engaged in manifesto-based research.
The Fractionated Toona sinensis Leaf Extract Induces Apoptosis of Human Osteosarcoma Cells and Inhibits Tumor Growth in a Murine Xenograft Model
Authors: Chen Chung-Hwan , Li Ching-Ju , Tai I-Chun , Lin Xiao-Hui , Hsu Hseng-Kuang , Ho Mei-Ling
Published: November 2016

Background: Osteosarcoma is a malignant bone tumor prevalent in adolescents with poor prognosis. Toona sinensis showed potent antiproliferation effect on lung, melatonin, ovary, colon, and liver cancers. However, the effects of the species on osteosarcoma cells are rarely investigated. Results: In this study, we found fraction 1 of Toona sinensis leaf (TSL-1) resulted in inhibition of cell viability in MG-63, Saos-2, and U2OS osteosarcoma cell lines, while it only caused a moderate suppressive effect on normal osteoblasts. In addition, TSL-1 significantly elevated lactate dehydrogenase leakage and induced apoptosis and necrosis in Saos-2 cells. TSL-1 increased mRNA expression of pro-apoptotic factor Bad. Most important, TSL-1 significantly suppressed Saos-2 xenograft tumor growth in nude mice by increasing caspase-3. The IC-50 of TSL-1 for the 3 tested osteosarcoma cells is around 1/9 of that for lung cancer cells. Conclusion: We demonstrated that TSL-1, a fractionated extract from TSL, caused significant cytotoxicity to osteosarcoma cells due to apoptosis. In vivo xenograft study showed that TSL-1 suppressed the growth of osteosarcoma cells at least in part by inducing apoptosis. Our results indicate that TSL-1 has potential to be a promising anti-osteosarcoma adjuvant functional plant extract.
“What an Eccentric Performance”: Storytelling in Online Let’s Plays
Authors: Kerttula Tero
Published: November 2016

In this article, I examine the phenomenon called Let’s Play (LP) and conduct a narrative analysis on two LPs made of Sierra Entertainment’s Phantasmagoria games. The LPs tell viewers a story different from the one told in the games, that is, they tell the story of the player rather than that of the game. In that story, the experience of playing a video game is revealed to the audience. This story would be hidden without the player-narrators know as LPs around the world. I conduct my analysis by describing seven different narrative elements that form the narration of a LP and explain how these elements together form this story of the player.
The angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitor captopril rescues mice from endotoxin-induced lethal hepatitis
Authors: Ge Pu , Jiang Rong , Yao Xin , Li Jing , Dai Jie , Zhang Li , Ye Bin
Published: November 2016

The renin–angiotensin system is classically regarded as a crucial regulator of circulatory homeostasis, but recent studies also revealed its pro-inflammatory roles. The beneficial effects of the angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitor (ACEI) in severe inflammatory injury in the lung and heart have been previously reported, but its potential effects on lethal hepatitis were unknown. In this study, a mouse model with LPS/d-galactosamine (GalN)-induced fulminant hepatitis were used to test the protective potential of captopril, a representative ACEI. The results indicated that treatment with captopril significantly decreased the plasma level of alanine aminotransferase and aspartate aminotransferase, alleviated the histopathological damage of the liver tissue and improve the survival rate of LPS/GalN-challenged mice. These effects were accompanied by reduced mRNA levels of TNF-α and IL-6 in the liver, and decreased protein level of TNF-α and IL-6 in the plasma. In addition, the activation of caspases 3, 8 and 9, and the presence of TUNEL-positive apoptotic cells, were also suppressed by captopril treatment. The above evidence suggested that the renin–angiotensin system might be involved in the development of LPS/GalN-induced fulminant hepatitis and ACEI might have potential value in lethal hepatitis.
Withdrawals and Retirements in Professional Tennis Players
Authors: Hartwell Matthew J. , Fong Sandra M. , Colvin Alexis C.
Published: November 2016

Background:

Injuries and illnesses for professional tennis athletes disrupt training, competition, and progression in the sport and represent a major reason for athlete withdrawal or retirement from a tournament. Few descriptive epidemiological studies have focused on these trends in elite tennis athletes.

Purpose:

To examine the causes of professional tennis player withdrawal or retirement from United States Tennis Association (USTA) Pro Circuit tournaments during 2013.

Study Design:

Descriptive epidemiology study.

Level of Evidence:

Level 4.

Methods:

Tournament records from the 2013 USTA Pro Circuit season were retrospectively reviewed for incidences of injury and illness that resulted in athlete withdrawal from the tournament. Data were reported as incidence rates per 1000 match exposures and rate ratios.

Results:

There were 70 medical conditions over the course of 27 competitions (20,988 match exposures), for an overall incidence rate of 3.34 per 1000 match exposures. Women were more likely to injure themselves on clay courts compared with hard courts (rate ratio, 4.67; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.41-19.85) and in the first half of the season compared with the second half (rate ratio, 3.95; 95% CI, 1.13-21.17). Men had a higher injury rate than women (rate ratio, 1.88; 95% CI, 1.17-3.63), and muscle-/tendon-related injuries were 6 times more likely than all other injuries (95% CI, 2.81-14.69).

Conclusion:

Women were more likely to experience an injury when playing on clay court surfaces, and they also experienced more injuries during the first half of the season. Injury rates for men often peaked during the months that players could qualify for Grand Slam competitions. There was a predominance of injuries in men compared with women.
The Political Domain Appears Simpler to the Politically Extreme Than to Political Moderates
Authors: Lammers Joris , Koch Alex , Conway Paul , Brandt Mark J.
Published: November 2016

How does political preference affect categorization in the political domain? Eight studies demonstrate that people on both ends of the political spectrum—strong Republicans and strong Democrats—form simpler and more clustered categories of political stimuli than do moderates and neutrals. This pattern was obtained regardless of whether stimuli were politicians (Study 1), social groups (Study 2), or newspapers (Study 3). Furthermore, both strong Republicans and strong Democrats were more likely to make inferences about the world based on their clustered categorization. This was found for estimating the likelihood that geographical location determines voting (Study 4), that political preference determines personal taste (Study 5), and that social relationships determine political preference (Study 6). The effect is amplified if political ideology is salient (Study 7) and remains after controlling for differences in political sophistication (Study 8). The political domain appears simpler to the politically extreme than to political moderates.
Combined hepatocellular-cholangiocarcinoma with stem cell features, cholangiolocellular subtype after inferior vena cava stent placement for a patient with Budd–Chiari syndrome
Authors: Sakane Makoto , Osuga Keigo , Matsui Takahiro , Eguchi Hidetoshi , Hori Masatoshi , Tomiyama Noriyuki
Published: November 2016

We report a case of combined hepatocellular-cholangiocarcinoma with stem cell features, cholangiolocellular subtype arising about 15 years after placement of an inferior vena cava stent for primary Budd–Chiari syndrome. Pre-surgical differentiation of the tumor from hepatocellular carcinoma was difficult because of elevated levels of alpha-fetoprotein and hypervascularity in the arterial phase. Histopathological examination revealed atypical cells forming ductal and alveolar structures showing a vague border with the surrounding liver. Immunostaining showed positive results for epithelial membrane antigen, mainly localized to the apical surface of the tubules, representing a characteristic finding for combined hepatocellular-cholangiocarcinoma with stem cell features, cholangiolocellular subtype. Combined hepatocellular-cholangiocarcinoma with stem cell features arising in the liver with hepatic damage from Budd–Chiari syndrome is not common, but diagnosis is important to manage the malignancy, which shows different clinical behaviors from hepatocellular carcinoma.
Optimal Lateral Row Anchor Positioning in Posterior-Superior Transosseous Equivalent Rotator Cuff Repair
Authors: Zumstein Matthias A. , Raniga Sumit , Labrinidis Agatha , Eng Kevin , Bain Gregory I. , Moor Beat K.
Published: November 2016

Background:

The optimal placement of suture anchors in transosseous-equivalent (TOE) double-row rotator cuff repair remains controversial.

Purpose:

A 3-dimensional (3D) high-resolution micro–computed tomography (micro-CT) histomorphometric analysis of cadaveric proximal humeral greater tuberosities (GTs) was performed to guide optimal positioning of lateral row anchors in posterior-superior (infraspinatus and supraspinatus) TOE rotator cuff repair.

Study Design:

Descriptive laboratory study.

Methods:

Thirteen fresh-frozen human cadaveric proximal humeri underwent micro-CT analysis. The histomorphometric parameters analyzed in the standardized volumes of interest included cortical thickness, bone volume, and trabecular properties.

Results:

Analysis of the cortical thickness of the lateral rows demonstrated that the entire inferior-most lateral row, 15 to 21 mm from the summit of the GT, had the thickest cortical bone (mean, 0.79 mm; P = .0001), with the anterior-most part of the GT, 15 to 21 mm below its summit, having the greatest cortical thickness of 1.02 mm ( P = .008). There was a significantly greater bone volume (BV; posterior, 74.5 ± 27.4 mm3; middle, 55.8 ± 24.9 mm3; anterior, 56.9 ± 20.7 mm3; P = .001) and BV as a percentage of total tissue volume (BV/TV; posterior, 7.3% ± 2.7%, middle, 5.5% ± 2.4%; anterior, 5.6% ± 2.0%; P = .001) in the posterior third of the GT than in intermediate or anterior thirds. In terms of both BV and BV/TV, the juxta-articular medial row had the greatest value (BV, 87.3 ± 25.1 mm3; BV/TV, 8.6% ± 2.5%; P = .0001 for both) followed by the inferior-most lateral row 15 to 21 mm from the summit of the GT (BV, 62.0 ± 22.7 mm3; BV/TV, 6.1% ± 2.2%; P = .0001 for both). The juxta-articular medial row had the greatest value for both trabecular number (0.3 ± 0.06 mm–1; P = .0001) and thickness (0.3 ± 0.08 μm; P = .0001) with the lowest degree of trabecular separation (1.3 ± 0.4 μm; P = .0001). The structure model index (SMI) has been shown to strongly correlate with bone strength, and this was greatest at the inferior-most lateral row 15 to 21 mm from the summit of the GT (2.9 ± 0.9; P = .0001).

Conclusion:

The inferior-most lateral row, 15 to 21 mm from the tip of the GT, has good bone stock, the greatest cortical thickness, and the best SMI for lateral row anchor placement. The anterior-most part of the GT 15 to 21 mm below its summit had the greatest cortical thickness of all zones. The posterior third of the GT also has good bone stock parameters, second only to the medial row. The best site for lateral row cortical anchor placement is 15 to 21 mm below the summit of the GT.

Clinical Relevance:

Optimal lateral anchor positioning is 15 to 21 mm below the summit of the greater tuberosity in TOE.
An Ecological Study of Anterior Cruciate Ligament Reconstruction, Part 1
Authors: McGrath Timothy M. , Waddington Gordon , Scarvell Jennie M. , Ball Nick , Creer Rob , Woods Kevin , Smith Damian , Adams Roger
Published: November 2016

Background:

Additional high-quality prospective studies are needed to better define the objective criteria used in relation to return-to-sport decisions after synthetic (ligament advanced reinforcement system [LARS]) and autograft (hamstring tendon [2ST/2GR]) anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) reconstruction in active populations.

Purpose:

To prospectively investigate and describe the recovery of objective clinical outcomes after autograft (2ST/2GR) and synthetic (LARS) ACL reconstructions, as well as to investigate the relationship between these clinimetric test outcomes and return-to-sport activity (Tegner activity scale [TAS] score) at 12 and 24 months postoperatively.

Study Design:

Case series; Level of evidence, 4.

Methods:

A total of 64 patients who underwent ACL reconstruction (32 LARS, 32 2ST/2GR autograft) and 32 healthy reference participants were assessed for joint laxity (KT-1000 arthrometer), clinical outcome (2000 International Knee Documentation Committee [IKDC] knee examination), and activity (TAS score) preoperatively and at 12, 16, 20, and 24 weeks and 12 and 24 months postoperatively.

Results:

There was no significant correlation observed between clinical results using the 2000 IKDC knee examination and TAS score at 24 months ( rs = 0.188, P = .137), nor were results for side-to-side difference ( rs = 0.030, P = .814) or absolute KT-1000 arthrometer laxity of the surgical leg at 24 months postoperatively ( rs = 0.076, P = .553) correlated with return-to-sport activity. Nonetheless, return-to-sport rates within the surgical cohort were 81% at 12 months and 83% at 24 months, respectively. No statistically significant differences were observed between physiological laxity of the uninjured knee within the surgical group compared with healthy knees within the reference group ( P = .522).

Conclusion:

The results indicate that although relatively high levels of return-to-sport outcomes were achieved at 24 months compared with those previously reported in the literature, correlations between objective clinical tests and return-to-sport outcomes may not occur. Clinical outcome measures may provide suitable baseline information; however, the results of this study suggest that clinicians may need to place greater emphasis on other outcome measures when seeking to objectively promote safe return to sport.
Translation and Transculturation in the New York–Hispanic Caribbean Borderlands
Authors: Lomas Laura
Published: November 2016

Scholars of Caribbean and translation studies alike are indebted to Cuban anthropologist Fernando Ortiz for bringing into focus the multidirectional vectors of influence in the wake of colonization in his Contrapunteo de tabaco y azucar (Cuban Counterpoint: Tobacco and Sugar). Cultural and linguistic interaction in contact zones or in borderlands of empire like the Caribbean include innovative translators, poets, and theorists of the hispanophone Caribbean diaspora who articulate in-between subjectivity, bilingual poetic forms, and the constant work of cultural translation that transpires in Hispanic Caribbean New York.
Dominican Race and Gender before Trujillo and beyond Caribbean Studies
Authors: Ramírez Dixa
Published: November 2016

This essay amplifies some of Maja Horn's arguments in Masculinity after Trujillo: The Politics of Gender in Dominican Literature (2014). First, the essay adds texture to Horn's assessment of the Trujillo regime in relation to race by arguing that what Horn discerns as the Trujillato's “emptying” of racial difference has a long historical precedent in the Dominican territory. Second, it deepens Horn's remarks on the nineteenth century to suggest that it is difficult to limit the frame of Caribbean or hemispheric American scholarship to the twentieth century.
On the Hispanophone Caribbean Question
Authors: Pérez-Rosario Vanessa
Published: November 2016

This essay introduces the special section “The Idea of Hispanophone Caribbean Studies” with a focus on hispanopone Caribbean literature and how it is situated in the region and in the diaspora. The essay suggests the need for creating spaces of dialogue and communication, translation and multilingualism, that are interdisciplinary and intertextual, if we are to deepen our critical frames of reference and complicate and invigorate new creative and analytic discourses.
La ciguapa y el ciguapeo: Dominican Myth, Metaphor, and Method
Authors: Candelario Ginetta E. B.
Published: November 2016

This essay considers how the myth of la ciguapa—an “indigenous,” usually female creature with backward pointing feet—both suggests a metaphor for the contradictory coherence of Hispanic Caribbean history and society and becomes a method for contestatory movements. Beginning with a brief historicization of the myth's development in Santo Domingo, the author goes on to consider how the most recent decade of anti-Haitianism, negrophobia, misogyny, and homophobia in the Dominican Republic have inspired ciguapeo as an authoctonous method deployed by queer, black-identified, anti-racist, feminist movements.
Empirical Simulation of the I-E Curves of a H2/Air PEM Fuel Cell at Asymmetric Relative Humidity
Authors: Al-Odail Faisal Abdellatif , Saleh Mahmoud M , Ohsaka Takeo
Published: November 2016

The present work is dedicated to study the performance of H2/Air proton exchange membrane (PEM) fuel cells (FC) by using an empirical modeling and experimental results at symmetric and asymmetric relative humidity. The empirical modeling is presented by Kim’s equation which was used in simulating the performance of the H2/Air PEM FC and in fitting the experimental data at different operating conditions. The simulation of the cell performance helps to understand the impacts of different kinetics, ohmic and mass-transfer resistances on the I-E curves and hence on the performance of the FC. By fitting the experimental data with the theoretical calculations, it is possible to extract important kinetics, ohmic and mass-transfer parameters at different temperatures and at different symmetric and asymmetric relative humidity. Although the exact physical meanings of some fitting parameters are quite clear, others are not.