bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Carbon Stocks in the Small Estuarine Mangroves of Geza and Mtimbwani, Tanga, Tanzania
Authors: Alavaisha Edmond , Mangora Mwita M.
Published: September 2016

Mangrove forests offer important ecosystem services, including their high capacity for carbon sequestration and stocking. However, they face rapid degradation and loss of ecological resilience particularly at local scales due to human pressure. We conducted inventory of mangrove forests to characterise forest stand structure and estimate carbon stocks in the small estuarine mangroves of Geza and Mtimbwani in Tanga, Tanzania. Forest structure, above-ground carbon (AGC), and below-ground carbon (BGC) were characterised. Soil carbon was estimated to 1 m depth using loss on ignition procedure. Six common mangrove species were identified dominated byAvicennia marina(Forsk.) Vierh. andRhizophora mucronataLamarck. Forest stand density and basal area were 1740 stems ha−1and 17.2 m2 ha−1for Geza and 2334 stems ha−1and 30.3 m2 ha−1for Mtimbwani. Total ecosystem carbon stocks were 414.6 Mg C ha−1for Geza and 684.9 Mg C ha−1for Mtimbwani. Soil carbon contributed over 65% of these stocks, decreasing with depth. Mid zones of the mangrove stands had highest carbon stocks. These data demonstrate that studied mangroves are potential for carbon projects and provide the baseline for monitoring, reporting, and verification (MRV) to support the projects.
Evaluation of the Diagnostic Ability of Optical Enhancement System in Early Gastric Cancer Demarcation
Authors: Nagao Misato , Nishikawa Jun , Ogawa Ryo , Sasaki Sho , Nakamura Munetaka , Nishimura Junichi , Goto Atsushi , Hashimoto Shinichi , Okamoto Takeshi , Suenaga Masato , Hamamoto Yoshihiko , Sakaida Isao
Published: September 2016

This study aimed to evaluate the utility of optical enhancement (OE) in early gastric cancer demarcation. Twenty lesions of early gastric cancer were examined by PENTAX endoscopy system with OE-1 and OE-2 functions. The areas of tumor demarcation identified by 12 evaluators (6 novice and 6 experienced) were compared to the corresponding correct areas determined by postoperative histopathology findings. The misdiagnosed scores that were the sums of false-positive and false-negative areas were compared. Color of one hundred pixels from the inside of the cancerous area and the outside of the cancerous area was expressed as three-dimensional RGB component vectors. The mean vectors and covariance matrixes were calculated and the Mahalanobis distance, indicative of color differences between two areas, was tested. Comparisons of the misdiagnosed score revealed that OE-1 was preferred over WL-1 for gastric cancer demarcation for all 12 evaluators (p=0.008) and in novice evaluators (p=0.026). OE-2 was not significantly different from WL-2 in all cases. OE-1 images gave significantly larger Mahalanobis distances, indicative of color differences, than WL-1 images (p=0.002). It was demonstrated that the OE Mode 1 has a significant advantage over the white light mode in demarcation of early gastric cancer.
Breastfeeding Practices among Native Hawaiians and Pacific Islanders
Authors: Adams Ingrid K. Richards , Okoli Chizimuzo T. C. , Dulin Keita Akilah , Linares Ana Maria , Tanaka Keiko , Polanin Joshua R. , Koempel Annie
Published: September 2016

Background. Breastfeeding is associated with a decreased risk of obesity in the early and adult years. Native Hawaiians and Pacific Islanders (NHPI) experience high rates of obesity which is often obfuscated with aggregated data. Using disaggregated data, we examined breastfeeding practices among NHPI.Methods. Seven databases and reference lists were searched. Two independent researchers extracted relevant studies based on predetermined criteria. Nine studies met our inclusion criteria and a meta-analysis was conducted using random-effects, inverse-various weighted models.Results. Few studies disaggregated NHPI populations when examining breastfeeding practices. Most studies were cross-sectional and our search yielded no randomized or quasirandomized control trials. The results of the meta-analysis indicated that 46.5% NHPI women initiated breastfeeding with 40.8% breastfeeding exclusively. These pooled analyses show that NHPI breastfeeding practices are below the recommended national and international goals and guidelines.Conclusion. Breastfeeding practices among NHPI are heterogeneous and critical disparities exist among certain NHPI subgroups and additional research needs to be conducted to determine the reasons for the disparity. Future studies should work to disaggregate data for NHPI and the various subpopulations. Multicomponent, multilevel strategies are needed to support breastfeeding practices among NHPI.
Modified Three-Dimensional Multicarrier Optical Prime Codes
Authors: Yadav Rajesh , Kaur Gurjit
Published: September 2016

We propose a mathematical model for novel three-dimensional multicarrier optical codes in terms of wavelength/time/space based on the prime sequence algorithm. The proposed model has been extensively simulated on MATLAB for prime numbers (P) to analyze the performance of code in terms of autocorrelation and cross-correlation. The simulated outcome resembles the mathematical model and gives better results over other methods available in the literature as far as autocorrelation and cross-correlation are concerned. The proposed 3D optical codes are more efficient in terms of cardinality, improved security, and providing quality of services.
A Coupled Phase-Temperature Model for Dynamics of Transient Neuronal Signal in Mammals Cold Receptor
Authors: Kirana Firman Ahmad , Alatas Husin , Husein Irzaman Sulaiman
Published: September 2016

We propose a theoretical model consisting of coupled differential equation of membrane potential phase and temperature for describing the neuronal signal in mammals cold receptor. Based on the results from previous work by Roper et al., we modified a nonstochastic phase model for cold receptor neuronal signaling dynamics in mammals. We introduce a new set of temperature adjusted functional parameters which allow saturation characteristic at high and low steady temperatures. The modified model also accommodates the transient neuronal signaling process from high to low temperature by introducing a nonlinear differential equation for the “effective temperature” changes which is coupled to the phase differential equation. This simple model can be considered as a candidate for describing qualitatively the physical mechanism of the corresponding transient process.
Prevalence and Risk Factors of Colonization withStaphylococcus aureusin Healthy Pet Cats Kept in the City Households
Authors: Bierowiec Karolina , Płoneczka-Janeczko Katarzyna , Rypuła Krzysztof
Published: September 2016

Staphylococcus aureus,especially methicillin-resistantS. aureus(MRSA), is a significant pathogen in both human medicine and veterinary medicine. The importance of pets as reservoirs of human infections is still poorly understood. This article provides detailed information of a cross-sectional study of aS. aureuscolonization in clinically healthy indoor cats. The study systematically assessed a number of different anatomical locations for theS. aureuscolonization and the influence of a range of potential risk factors on the value of the finalS. aureuscolonization rate. The incidence rates observed for cats with at least one site positive forS. aureusor MRSA were 17.5% and 6.63%, respectively. The following risk factors were identified: one or more owners working in the healthcare industry (human or veterinary); dogs being kept with the cat under investigation; treatment of the cat under investigation with antibiotics or chemotherapeutics during the previous year. In conclusion, this study revealed a higher prevalence of MRSA than what has previously been reported in healthy pets. A combination of anatomical locations from which the samples were collected had a major influence on the final value of theS. aureuscolonization rate.
Direct Analysis of Pharmaceutical Drugs Using Nano-DESI MS
Authors: Cardoso-Palacios Carlos , Lanekoff Ingela
Published: September 2016

Counterfeit pharmaceutical drugs imply an increasing threat to the global public health. It is necessary to have systems to control the products that reach the market and to detect falsified medicines. In this work, molecules in several pharmaceutical tablets were directly analyzed using nanospray desorption electrospray ionization mass spectrometry (nano-DESI MS). Nano-DESI is an ambient surface sampling technique which enables sampling of molecules directly from the surface of the tablets without any sample pretreatment. Both the active pharmaceutical ingredients (APIs) and some excipients were detected in all analyzed tablets. Principal component analysis was used to analyze mass spectral features from different tablets showing strong clustering between tablets with different APIs. The obtained results suggest nano-DESI MS as future tool for forensic analysis to discern APIs present in unknown tablet samples.
Reference-Free Displacement Estimation of Bridges Using Kalman Filter-Based Multimetric Data Fusion
Authors: Cho Soojin , Park Jong-Woong , Palanisamy Rajendra P. , Sim Sung-Han
Published: September 2016

Displacement responses of a bridge as a result of external loadings provide crucial information regarding structural integrity and current conditions. Due to the relative characteristic of displacement, the conventional measurement approach requires reference points to firmly install the transducers, while the points are often unavailable for bridges. In this paper, a displacement estimation approach using Kalman filter-based data fusion is proposed to provide a practical means for displacement measurement. The proposed method enables accurate displacement estimation by optimally utilizing acceleration and strain in combination that have high availability and are free from reference points for sensor installation. The Kalman filter is formulated using a state-space model representing the double integration of acceleration and model-based strain-displacement relationship. The validation of the proposed method is conducted successfully by a numerical simulation and a field experiment, which shows the efficacy and accuracy of the proposed approach in bridge displacement measurement.
Seismic Strengthening Effects Based on Pseudodynamic Testing of a Reinforced Concrete Building Retrofitted with a Wire-Woven Bulk Kagome Truss Damper
Authors: Hwang Jae-Sung , Lee Kang Seok
Published: September 2016

A passive damper with a wire-woven bulk Kagome truss design was recently developed; its applicability as a passive damper to improve the seismic performance of building systems, including shear hysteresis behavior, energy dissipation capacity, and fatigue, was confirmed by material tests. The Kagome truss, a periodic cellular metal type, is composed of evenly distributed helical wires with a constant pitch and helical radius in six directions. The purpose of this study was to develop a new passive damper system for seismic strengthening of existing reinforced concrete (RC) frames. The proposed external connection methodology uses a wire-woven bulk Kagome truss (i.e., a Kagome damper external connection (KDEC) system), to dissipate earthquake energy using the dynamic interaction among an existing building, a support structure, and the Kagome damper installed between them. Four test specimens were designed and then strengthened with the KDEC system. Cyclic loading and pseudodynamic tests were conducted; lateral load-carrying capacity, deformation, and hysteresis characteristics were investigated, as well as the maximum response strength, response ductility, and earthquake damage degree, and compared to a control sample. Test results revealed that the KDEC system effectively dissipated the earthquake energy, showing considerable resilience under large-scale earthquake conditions.
Effect of Alkaloids from Nelumbinis Plumula against Insulin Resistance of High-Fat Diet-Induced Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease in Mice
Authors: Xie Yong , Zhang Yi , Guo Zebin , Zeng Hongliang , Zheng Baodong
Published: September 2016

This study aimed to investigate the effects of total alkaloids from Nelumbinis Plumula (NPA) on insulin resistance (IR) of high-fat diet- (HFD-) induced nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). Rats were fed with HFD for 8 weeks to induce NAFLD. Then, the effect of NPA on ameliorating IR in HFD-induced NAFLD was evaluated. Fasting serum insulin was determined using an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) kit for insulin following the manufacturer’s protocol. Some inflammatory cytokines such as tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α) and interleukin-6 (IL-6) were determined using ELISA kits to assess the inflammatory burden in rats. The results showed that HFD could induce a significant increase in blood glucose and IR in rats. However, rats treated with NPA (400 or 600 mg/kg) showed improved IR and reduction in serum inflammatory cytokines TNF-αand IL-6. Further investigation indicated that NPA could inhibit IR by restoring the insulin receptor substrate-1 (IRS-1) and suppressing the expression of c-Jun N-terminal kinase (JNK) phosphorylation. The present results supported the view that the pathogenesis of NAFLD was complex with inflammation, together with increasing serum glucose and IR. Also, JNK and IRS phosphorylation were suggested for their involvement in the modulating of IR during NAFLD progression. Therefore, NPA may serve as a potential natural remedy against IR in NAFLD.
Total Arsenic, Cadmium, and Lead Determination in Brazilian Rice Samples Using ICP-MS
Authors: Mataveli Lidiane Raquel Verola , Buzzo Márcia Liane , Arauz Luciana Juncioni de , Carvalho Maria de Fátima Henriques , Arakaki Edna Emy Kumagai , Matsuzaki Richard , Tiglea Paulo
Published: September 2016

This study is aimed at investigating a suitable method for rice sample preparation as well as validating and applying the method for monitoring the concentration of total arsenic, cadmium, and lead in rice by using Inductively Coupled Plasma Mass Spectrometry (ICP-MS). Various rice sample preparation procedures were evaluated. The analytical method was validated by measuring several parameters including limit of detection (LOD), limit of quantification (LOQ), linearity, relative bias, and repeatability. Regarding the sample preparation, recoveries of spiked samples were within the acceptable range from 89.3 to 98.2% for muffle furnace, 94.2 to 103.3% for heating block, 81.0 to 115.0% for hot plate, and 92.8 to 108.2% for microwave. Validation parameters showed that the method fits for its purpose, being the total arsenic, cadmium, and lead within the Brazilian Legislation limits. The method was applied for analyzing 37 rice samples (including polished, brown, and parboiled), consumed by the Brazilian population. The total arsenic, cadmium, and lead contents were lower than the established legislative values, except for total arsenic in one brown rice sample. This study indicated the need to establish monitoring programs for emphasizing the study on this type of cereal, aiming at promoting the Public Health.
Electric Field Simulation and Effect of Different Solvent Ratios on the Performance of Single Electrospun PVDF/PEI Composite Film
Authors: Jiang Jin-gang , Wang Zhao , Duan Hong-wei , Liu Jing-qiang , Guo Xiao-wei
Published: September 2016

On the basis of the finite element calculation theory of electric field, the electric field distribution in a representative electrospinning device is computed. The electric field structure of a needle-plate type electrospinning device was simulated by means of ANSYS software. And the vector distribution of the nozzle on the spinneret pipe was got. For the purpose of the analysis on the influence of different solvent ratios on the performance of a single electrospun PVDF/PEI composite film, polyvinylidene fluoride and polyetherimide with a mass ratio of 8/2 were dissolved in a mixed solvent. The mixed solvent is composed of N,N-dimethylformamide and tetrahydrofuran, added in different proportions. Through the electrostatic spinning technology, PVDF/PEI composite fiber membranes were prepared. Using scanning electron microscopy (SEM), X-ray diffraction (XRD), differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), and mechanical properties testing, the effects of tetrahydrofuran on the composite microstructure, crystallinity, and mechanical properties of the PVDF/PEI composite fiber membranes are discussed.
Space Creation Mechanism during the Expansion of Universe
Authors: Dil Emre
Published: September 2016

We propose a novel mechanism related to the expansion of universe. Recently Verlinde’s proposal has been applied to the deformed bosons being a candidate for the dark energy constituents, since the negative pressure of the deformed bosons. The expansion of universe is dependent on the dark energy and implies a creation of space; we admit that the space creation mechanism is related to the deformed bosons and so is the dark energy. In order to relate the dark energy and the mechanism for creation of space, we consider Verlinde’s proposal including the Holographic principle for emergence of space, which was recently applied to the deformed bosons. To check the validity of our mechanism, we calculate the ratio of the size of universe before and after the expansion and compare the results with the observational data. We find that the results are consistent with each other and infer that the proposed mechanism works correctly.
Effect of Aminosilane Modification on Nanocrystalline Cellulose Properties
Authors: Mohd Nurul Hanisah , Ismail Nur Farahein Hadina , Zahari Johan Iskandar , Wan Fathilah Wan Farahhanim bt , Kargarzadeh Hanieh , Ramli Suria , Ahmad Ishak , Yarmo Mohd Ambar , Othaman Rizafizah
Published: September 2016

The application of renewable nanomaterials, like nanocrystalline cellulose (NCC), has recently been widely studied by many researchers. NCC has many benefits such as high aspect ratio, biodegradability, and high number of hydroxyl groups which offer great opportunities for modification. In this study, the NCC derived from empty fruit bunches (EFB) was modified with aminosilane, 3-(2-aminoethylamino)propyl-dimethoxymethylsilane (AEAPDMS), and the characterization was performed to investigate the potential as carbon dioxide (CO2) capture. Modification of NCC with AEAPDMS was carried out in water/ethanol solvent (80/20) (v/v) with a ratio of NCC to aminosilane of 1 : 1, 1 : 2, 1 : 3, and 1 : 4 w/w%. The effects of AEAPDMS on NCC were characterized using Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy, thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), X-ray diffraction (XRD) analysis, elemental analysis (CHNS), and transmission electron microscopy (TEM). The existence of AEAPDMS onto NCC was confirmed by ATR-FTIR spectroscopy as the new peaks of NH2were bending and wagging, and Si-CH3appeared. The thermal stability of NCC increased after modification due to the interaction with AEAPDMS. The elemental analysis result showed that the nitrogen content increased with an enhancement ratio of the modifiers. The XRD indicated that the crystallinity decreased while the rod-like geometry of NCC was maintained after amorphous AEAPDMS grafted on the NCC. Since AEAPDMS can be grafted on the NCC, the sample is applicable as CO2capture.
Transparent Electrodes: A Review of the Use of Carbon-Based Nanomaterials
Authors: López-Naranjo Edgar J. , González-Ortiz Luis J. , Apátiga Luis M. , Rivera-Muñoz Eric M. , Manzano-Ramírez Alejandro
Published: September 2016

Transparent conducting electrodes (TCE) are extensively applied in a great range of optoelectronic and photovoltaic equipment (e.g., solar cells, touch panels, and flexible devices). Carbon-based nanomaterials are considered as suitable replacements to substitute traditional materials to manufacture TCE due to their remarkable characteristics, for example, high optical transmittance and outstanding electrical properties. In comparison with traditional indium tin oxide electrodes, carbon-based electrodes show good mechanical properties, chemical stability, and low cost. Nevertheless, major issues related to the development of good quality manufacture methods to produce carbon-based nanomaterials have to be overcome to meet massive market requirements. Hence, the development of alternative TCE materials as well as appropriate large production techniques that meet the requirements of a proper sheet resistance along with a high optical transparency is a priority. Therefore, in this work, we summarize and discuss novel production and synthesis methods, chemical treatments, and hybrid materials developed to satisfy the worldwide request for carbon-based nanomaterials.
Magnetoelectric Effect in Type-II Quantum Cone Induced by Donor Impurity
Authors: Garcia L. F. , Mikhailov I. D. , Sierra-Ortega J.
Published: September 2016

We consider a model of donor centered at the base of a type-II nanocone, in which the excessive electron, released from the donor, is located within a narrow tube-shaped shell exterior region around the cone lateral surface. By solving the one-electron Schrödinger equation we analyze the alteration of the spatial probability distribution of the electron, the period of the Aharonov-Bohm oscillations of the energy levels, and the electric and magnetic moments induced by external electric and magnetic fields, applied along the symmetry axis. We show that the diamagnetic confinement provided by the magnetic field forces the electron to climb along the cone’s border, inducing the electric polarization of the structure. Similarly, the external electric field, which pushes the electron toward cone’s bottom, changes the order of the energy levels with different magnetic momenta varying the magnetic polarization of the structure. Our theoretical analysis reveals a new possibility for the coupling between the polarization and magnetization arising from the quantum-size effect in type-II semiconductor nanocones.
Clinical Application of Autologous Adipose Stem Cells in Patients with Multiple Sclerosis: Preliminary Results
Authors: Stepien Adam , Dabrowska Natalia L. , Maciagowska Marzena , Macoch Renata Piusinska , Zolocinska Aleksandra , Mazur Slawomir , Siennicka Katarzyna , Frankowska Emilia , Kidzinski Rafał , Chalimoniuk Małgorzata , Pojda Zygmunt
Published: September 2016

The clinical outcome of autologous adipose stem cell (ASC) treatment of patients with multiple sclerosis (MS) was investigated following one year of observation.Methods. The clinical and MRI outcomes of 16 ASC-treated patients with RRMS and SPMS are reported after a one-year follow-up period.Results.At 18 months of follow-up, some patients showed “enticing” improvements on some exploratory efficacy measures, although a significant benefit was not observed for any measure across the entire group. Neither the progression of disability nor relapses were observed in any cases. In four patients, we found new gadolinium+ (Gd+) lesions on MRI. Our results indicate that ASC therapy is safe and does not produce any substantial side effects. Disease progression-free survival (PFS) of 18 months was seen in all patients with RRMS and SPMS. In these patients, EDSS scores did not progress above baseline scores. Gd-enhancing lesions were observed in two cases with RRMS, but these patients did not exhibit changes in EDSS score.Conclusion. Intrathecal treatment with ASCs is an attractive form of therapy for patients with MS but should be reserved for cases with aggressive disease progression, for cases that are still in the inflammatory phase, and for the malignant form.
CD7 Positive Diffuse Large B-Cell Lymphoma Arising in a Background of Follicular Lymphoma: A Case Report and Review of the Literature
Authors: Vali Betts Elham , Rashidi Hooman H.
Published: September 2016

Diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (DLBCL) is a neoplasm of large B-lymphocytes with a diffuse growth pattern. The neoplastic cells express B-cell markers such as CD20 and PAX-5 and there may be coexpression of BCL-2, BCL-6, CD10, and MUM-1. With the exception of CD5, other T-cell markers are not commonly expressed in this neoplasm. Here, we describe the first reported case of a DLBCL with abnormal expression CD7 arising in a background of follicular lymphoma in an 81-year-old male who presented with a nontender left axillary mass. Additionally, no other T-cell antigens were expressed in this B-cell lymphoma. Expression of CD7 in DLBCL is exceptionally rare and its prognostic significance is unknown. Here, we describe this rare case with review of literature of known DLBCLs with expression of T-cell antigens.
Potential of Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbon-Degrading Bacterial Isolates to Contribute to Soil Fertility
Authors: Bello-Akinosho Maryam , Makofane Rosina , Adeleke Rasheed , Thantsha Mapitsi , Pillay Michael , Chirima George Johannes
Published: September 2016

Restoration of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon- (PAH-) polluted sites is presently a major challenge in agroforestry. Consequently, microorganisms with PAH-degradation ability and soil fertility improvement attributes are sought after in order to achieve sustainable remediation of polluted sites. This study isolated PAH-degrading bacteria from enriched cultures of spent automobile engine-oil polluted soil. Isolates’ partial 16S rRNA genes were sequenced and taxonomically classified. Isolates were further screened for their soil fertility attributes such as phosphate solubilization, atmospheric nitrogen fixation, and indoleacetic acid (IAA) production. A total of 44 isolates were obtained and belong to the generaAcinetobacter,Arthrobacter,Bacillus,Flavobacterium,Microbacterium,Ochrobactrum,Pseudomonas,Pseudoxanthomonas,Rhodococcus, andStenotrophomonas. Data analysed by principal component analysis showed theBacillusandOchrobactrumisolates displayed outstanding IAA production. Generalized linear modelling statistical approaches were applied to evaluate the contribution of the four most represented genera (Pseudomonas,Acinetobacter,Arthrobacter, andRhodococcus) to soil fertility. ThePseudomonasisolates were the most promising in all three soil fertility enhancement traits evaluated and all isolates showed potential for one or more of the attributes evaluated. These findings demonstrate a clear potential of the isolates to participate in restorative bioremediation of polluted soil, which will enhance sustainable agricultural production and environmental protection.
Suitability of the RIPLS and IEPS for Discriminating Attitude Differences towards Interprofessional Education among Students of Healthcare Profession
Authors: Rajiah Kingston , Maharajan Mari Kannan , Khoo Suan Phaik , Chellappan Dinesh Kumar , De Alwis Ranjit , Chui Hui Cing , Tan Lui Lee , Tan Yee Ning , Lau Shin Yee
Published: September 2016

Background. Interprofessional education provides students of healthcare programme an opportunity to collaborate with students from other disciplines and help them to get a training prior to entering the healthcare workforce. This study may help to select a suitable tool to discriminate attitude differences of healthcare professional students towards interprofessional education.Methods. A study, which was cross-sectional, was conducted at a private university in Malaysia to explore the two scales (RIPLS and IEPS) and their psychometric properties. Study participants comprised students from four different professions with at least one exposure or no previous exposure to IPE.Results. Both the scales (RIPLS and IEPS) have their own ability to detect differences in students’ attitude towards IPE in their own way. However, the IEPS scale was able to detect differences within the gender, professions (both junior and senior students), and prior exposure to IPE.Conclusions. This study revealed that though both scales can be used to follow the impact of IPE in curricula, IEPS scale is more suitable than RIPLS to discriminate attitude differences among healthcare students. Educators may develop various strategies to observe students’ behaviours and perceptions qualitatively and conduct longitudinal study to assess the outcomes of including IPE in curricula.
Arterial Stiffness in Nonhypertensive Type 2 Diabetes Patients in Ghana
Authors: Yeboah Kwame , Antwi Daniel A. , Gyan Ben
Published: September 2016

Background. Increased arterial stiffness is an independent cardiovascular risk factor in diabetes patients and general population. However, the contribution of diabetes to arterial stiffness is often masked by coexistent obesity and hypertension. In this study, we assessed arterial stiffness in nonhypertensive, nonobese type 2 diabetes (T2DM) patients in Ghana.Methods. In case-control design, 166 nonhypertensive, nonobese participants, comprising 96 T2DM patients and 70 nondiabetes controls, were recruited. Peripheral and central blood pressure (BP) indices were measured, and arterial stiffness was assessed as aortic pulse wave velocity (PWVao), augmentation index (AIx), cardioankle vascular index (CAVI), and heart-ankle pulse wave velocity (haPWV).Results. With similar peripheral and central BP indices, T2DM patients had higher PWVao (8.3 ± 1versus7.8 ± 1.3,p=0.044) and CAVI (7.9 ± 1.2versus6.9 ± 0.7,p=0.021) than nondiabetic control. AIx and haPWV were similar between T2DM and nondiabetic controls. Multiple regression models showed that, in the entire study participants, the major determinants of PWVao were diabetes status, age, gender, systolic BP, and previous smoking status (β= 0.22, 0.36, 0.48, 0.21, and 0.25, resp.; allp<0.05); the determinants of CAVI were diabetes status, age, BMI, heart rate, HbA1c, total cholesterol, HDL cholesterol, and previous smoking status (β= 0.21, 0.38, 0.2, 0.18, 0.24. 0.2, −0.19, and 0.2, resp.; allp<0.05).Conclusion. Our findings suggest that nonhypertensive, nonobese T2DM patients have increased arterial stiffness without appreciable increase in peripheral and central pressure indices.
How Environmental Attitudes Interact with Cognitive Learning in a Science Lesson Module
Authors: Schumm Maximiliane F. , Bogner Franz X.
Published: September 2016

As cognitive knowledge plays a major role in supporting proenvironmental behavior, identification of individual aspects related to knowledge acquisition is essential. Our study monitored knowledge levels before and after a science-based lesson set in relation to self-reported behavior and attitudinal preferences (attitudes towards environmental Preservation and Utilization) of 190 students (Mage  ± SD: 15.96 ± 0.55; 51.1% female). A knowledge questionnaire was completed once before and twice after participation. Additionally, (i) the 2-MEV (two Major Environmental Values) and (ii) the GEB (General Ecological Behavior) were applied. Girls showed higher Preservation but lower Utilization attitudes than boys did. Learning success was positively related to Preservation preferences (for girls) as well as to behavior-based scores (for girls and boys). For boys, high preferences in Utilization were negatively correlated with learning achievement.
Holographic Phase Transition Probed by Nonlocal Observables
Authors: Zeng Xiao-Xiong , Li Li-Fang
Published: September 2016

From the viewpoint of holography, the phase structure of a 5-dimensional Reissner-Nordström-AdS black hole is probed by the two-point correlation function, Wilson loop, and entanglement entropy. As the case of thermal entropy, we find for all the probes that the black hole undergoes a Hawking-Page phase transition, a first-order phase transition, and a second-order phase transition successively before it reaches a stable phase. In addition, for these probes, we find that the equal area law for the first-order phase transition is valid always and the critical exponent of the heat capacity for the second-order phase transition coincides with that of the mean field theory regardless of the size of the boundary region.
Three-Dimensional Zn0.5Cd0.5S/Reduced Graphene Oxide Hybrid Aerogel: Facile Synthesis and the Visible-Light-Driven Photocatalytic Property for Reduction of Cr(VI) in Water
Authors: Xiao Wei , Zhou Wenjie , Zhang Yanhua , Tian Liangliang , Liu Hongdong , Pu Yong
Published: September 2016

A series of three-dimensional ZnxCd1-xS/reduced graphene oxide (ZnxCd1-xS/RGO) hybrid aerogels was successfully synthesized based on a one-pot hydrothermal approach, which were subsequently used as visible-light-driven photocatalysts for photoreduction of Cr(VI) in water. Over 95% of Cr(VI) was photoreduced by Zn0.5Cd0.5S/RGO aerogel material within 140 min, and such photocatalytic performance was superior to that of other ZnxCd1-xS/RGO aerogel materials (x≠0.5) and bare Zn0.5Cd0.5S. It was assumed that the enhanced photocatalytic activity of Zn0.5Cd0.5S/RGO aerogel was attributed to its high specific surface area and the preferable synergetic catalytic effect between Zn0.5Cd0.5S and RGO. Besides, Zn0.5Cd0.5S/RGO aerogel materials were robust and durable enough so that they could be reused several times with merely limited loss of photocatalytic activity. The chemical composition, phase, structure, and morphology of Zn0.5Cd0.5S/RGO aerogel material were carefully examined by a number of techniques like XRD, SEM, TEM, BET, Raman characterizations, and so on. It was found that Zn0.5Cd0.5S/RGO aerogel possessed hierarchically porous architecture with the specific surface area as high as 260.8 m2 g−1. The Zn0.5Cd0.5S component incorporated in Zn0.5Cd0.5S/RGO aerogel existed in the form of solid solution nanoparticles, which were uniformly distributed in the RGO matrix.
Environmental Aspects of Domestic Cat Care and Management: Implications for Cat Welfare
Authors: Stella Judith L. , Croney Candace C.
Published: September 2016

Domestic cats (Felis silvestris catus) are the most commonly kept companion animals in the US with large populations of owned (86 million), free-roaming (70 million), research (13,000), and shelter (2-3 million) cats. Vast numbers of cats are maintained in homes and other facilities each year and are reliant on humans for all of their care. Understanding cat behavior and providing the highest quality environments possible, including positive human-cat interactions, based on research could help improve the outcomes of biomedical research, shelter adoptions, and veterinary care, as well as overall cat welfare. Often, however, cats’ needs are inadequately met in homes and some aspects may also not be well met in research colonies and shelters, despite the fact that similar problems are likely to be encountered in all of these environments. This paper provides a brief overview of common welfare challenges associated with indoor housing of domestic cats. Essential considerations for cage confinement are reviewed, along with implications of poor cat coping, such as weakening of the human-animal bond and relinquishment to shelters. The important role that environmental management plays in cat behavior and welfare outcomes is explored along with the need for additional research in key areas.
Child Welfare Deprivation in Rural Nigeria: A Counting Approach
Authors: Popoola Olufemi Adebola , Adeoti Adetola
Published: September 2016

The study applies the counting approach to explain the deprivation concept among children under 5 years of age using the 2008 DHS data. Five dimensions of deprivation were used: safe drinking water, sanitation, housing, health, and nutrition largely recognized in the SDGs. In all, a total of 13561 children were sampled. About half of the children were males with a mean age of 28.27 months old. The assessment of dimensional deprivation showed that children are most deprived in sanitation, health, and access to safe drinking water while they were least deprived in nutrition. The situation is also marked with regional disparities with northern regions reporting higher deprivation rates than the southern regions but this rate was significantly higher in the sanitation dimension across regions. Considering deprivation counts, 33.9% of children suffer from more than three deprivations and approximately 85.2% from at least two deprivations. Child deprivation should be tackled using a holistic approach through social protection programmes to resolve children’s problems in an integrated manner which would in this case be more efficient and effective in safeguarding children’s rights to survival and development. Identifying the children suffering from single and multiple deprivations can help to target the interventions.
Studies on Characterization of Bovine Hydroxyapatite/CaTiO3Biocomposites
Authors: Ozturk Suat , Yetmez Mehmet
Published: September 2016

Sintering effects and mechanical properties of bovine hydroxyapatite/CaTiO3composites are investigated for different CaTiO3ratios. Results indicate that densities of the biocomposites increase while total porosities of those decrease with increasing sintering temperature. Moreover, modulus of elasticity and microhardness increase with increasing sintering temperature. However, values of both toughness and fracture toughness of the biocomposites generally rise with increasing sintering temperature except for 1300°C.
KIF2A Overexpression and Its Association with Clinicopathologic Characteristics and Poor Prognoses in Patients with Gastric Cancer
Authors: Zhang Shu , Huang Fang , Wang Yan , Song Qinjie , Yang Xiaobing , Wu Han
Published: September 2016

Kinesin family protein 2A (KIF2A), an M-type nonmotile microtubule depolymerase, has attracted attention for its role in carcinogenesis and poor prognoses in various human cancers. In this study, we aimed to evaluate the expression of KIF2A and its robustness and potential to predict clinical outcomes in gastric cancer (GC) patients. The messenger RNA (mRNA) expression of KIF2A was determined in 24 pairs of cancerous and adjacent nontumor tissues by real-time polymerase chain reaction. Immunohistochemistry of KIF2A was performed on a tissue microarray composed of 461 GC and 65 matched adjacent nontumor tissues removed during surgeries and 18 chronic gastritis, 15 intestinal metaplasia, and 37 low-grade and 62 high-grade intraepithelial neoplasias acquired through gastric endoscopic biopsies. Univariate and multivariate Cox regression models were used to perform survival analyses. The high KIF2A expression was significantly correlated to histological type, TNM stage, and lymph node metastasis. A negative correlation was found between KIF2A expression and the 5-year survival rate of GC patients. In addition, multivariate analysis indicated that KIF2A is an independent prognostic factor in GC. This study demonstrated the high KIF2A expression might serve as an independent marker for poor prognoses in GC patients.
Impact of Postmigration Living Difficulties on the Mental Health of Afghan Migrants Residing in Istanbul
Authors: Alemi Qais , Stempel Carl , Baek Kelly , Lares Lisa , Villa Patricia , Danis Didem , Montgomery Susanne
Published: September 2016

Background. The sociopolitical situation in Afghanistan continually pushes Afghans to seek safety and better socioeconomic prospects in neighboring and foreign countries. In this paper we examine the mental health of Afghan migrants residing in Istanbul, Turkey, an understudied population at high risk of psychopathology. Methods. We surveyed 158 Afghan migrants to assess psychological distress using a culturally grounded measure of mental health, the Afghan Symptom Checklist [ASCL], and used hierarchical regression analysis to examine the impact of postmigration living difficulties (PMLDs) on mental health. Results. We found that depressive, somatoform, anxiety-like symptoms occurred often, as did a number of culturally salient idioms of distress. Regression analyses showed that while socioeconomic variables and poor physical health status significantly predicted psychological distress, PMLDs exerted the strongest negative effect. The most pressing PMLDs for Afghans in Turkey are poverty, unemployment, lack of treatment for health problems, fears of being deported and related legal challenges, and family-related stressors. Conclusion. Our results point to the importance of the critical need to create culturally sensitive interventions to remediate high levels of psychological distress by addressing related PMLD stressors in a highly vulnerable Afghan migrant population residing in Turkey.
The Elastic Property of Bulk Silicon Nanomaterials through an Atomic Simulation Method
Authors: Tao Jixiao , Sun Yuzhou
Published: September 2016

This paper reports a systematic study on the elastic property of bulk silicon nanomaterials using the atomic finite element method. The Tersoff-Brenner potential is used to describe the interaction between silicon atoms, and the atomic finite element method is constructed in a computational scheme similar to the continuum finite element method. Young’s modulus and Poisson ratio are calculated for[100],[110], and[111] silicon nanowires that are treated as three-dimensional structures. It is found that the nanowire possesses the lowest Young’s modulus along the[100] direction, while the[110] nanowire has the highest value with the same radius. The bending deformation of[100] silicon nanowire is also modeled, and the bending stiffness is calculated.
Optimization for Tribological Properties of Glass Fiber-Reinforced PTFE Composites with Grey Relational Analysis
Authors: Pathan Firojkhan , Gurav Hemant , Gujrathi Sonam
Published: September 2016

Most recent history shows that polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE) is widely used as antifrictional materials in industry for wide speed range. A high antifriction property of PTFE makes it suitable for dry friction bearing. Main disadvantage of using PTFE is its high wear rate, so extensive research had been carried out to improve the wear resistance with addition of filler material. This study focuses on four input parameters load, sliding speed, sliding distance, and percentage of glass fiber as a filler material. Taguchi method was used for experimentation; each parameter is having 3 levels with L27 orthogonal array. Grey relational analysis is used to convert multiple response parameters, namely, wear and coefficient of friction, into single grey relation grade. The optimal input parameters were selected based on the S/N ratio. It was observed that load 3 kg, sliding speed 5.1836 m/s (900 rpm), sliding distance 2 km, and 15% of glass fiber are optimal input parameters for PTFE without significantly affecting the wear rate and coefficient of friction.
Reactive Oxygen Species: A Key Hallmark of Cardiovascular Disease
Authors: Panth Nisha , Paudel Keshav Raj , Parajuli Kalpana
Published: September 2016

Cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) have been the prime cause of mortality worldwide for decades. However, the underlying mechanism of their pathogenesis is not fully clear yet. It has been already established that reactive oxygen species (ROS) play a vital role in the progression of CVDs. ROS are chemically unstable reactive free radicals containing oxygen, normally produced by xanthine oxidase, nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate oxidase, lipoxygenases, or mitochondria or due to the uncoupling of nitric oxide synthase in vascular cells. When the equilibrium between production of free radicals and antioxidant capacity of human physiology gets altered due to several pathophysiological conditions, oxidative stress is induced, which in turn leads to tissue injury. This review focuses on pathways behind the production of ROS, its involvement in various intracellular signaling cascades leading to several cardiovascular disorders (endothelial dysfunction, ischemia-reperfusion, and atherosclerosis), methods for its detection, and therapeutic strategies for treatment of CVDs targeting the sources of ROS. The information generated by this review aims to provide updated insights into the understanding of the mechanisms behind cardiovascular complications mediated by ROS.
IL-33 Effect on Quantitative Changes of CD4+CD25highFOXP3+Regulatory T Cells in Children with Type 1 Diabetes
Authors: Ryba-Stanisławowska Monika , Werner Paulina , Skrzypkowska Maria , Brandt Agnieszka , Myśliwska Jolanta
Published: September 2016

IL-33 is an IL-1 cytokine family member, with ability to induce both Th1 and Th2 immune responses. It binds to ST2 receptor, whose deficiency is associated with enhanced inflammatory response. The most recent studies have shown the immunoregulatory effect of IL-33 on Tregs in animal models. As type 1 diabetes is an autoimmune, inflammatory disease, where Treg defects have been described, we aimed to analyze thein vitroinfluence of recombinant IL-33 on quantitative properties of regulatory CD4+CD25highFOXP3+T cells. CD4+CD25highFOXP3+as well as CD4+CD25highFOXP3+ST2+Tregs were analyzed by flow cytometry. In a group of patients with type 1 diabetesin vitroIL-33 treatment induced regulatory CD4+CD25highFOXP3+cell frequencies as well as upregulating the surface expression of ST2 molecule. In addition, the number of CD4+CD25highFOXP3+cells carrying ST2 receptor increased significantly. Similar effect was observed in case of the FOXP3 expression. We did not observe any significant changes in IL-33 treated cells of healthy controls. The level of ST2 was higher in serum of patients with type 1 diabetes in comparison to their healthy counterparts. We propose that IL-33 becomes an additional immunostimulatory factor used to induce Treg expansion in future clinical trials of adoptive therapy in type 1 diabetes.
Knee-Extension Training with a Single-Joint Hybrid Assistive Limb during the Early Postoperative Period after Total Knee Arthroplasty in a Patient with Osteoarthritis
Authors: Yoshioka Tomokazu , Sugaya Hisashi , Kubota Shigeki , Onishi Mio , Kanamori Akihiro , Sankai Yoshiyuki , Yamazaki Masashi
Published: September 2016

The knee range of motion is an important outcome of total knee arthroplasty (TKA). According to previous studies, the knee range of motion temporarily decreases for approximately 1 month after TKA due to postoperative pain and quadriceps dysfunction following surgical invasion into the knee extensor mechanism. We describe our experience with a knee-extension training program based on a single-joint hybrid assistive limb (HAL-SJ, Cyberdyne Inc., Tsukuba, Japan) during the acute recovery phase after TKA. HAL-SJ is a wearable robot suit that facilitates the voluntary control of knee joint motion. A 76-year-old man underwent HAL-SJ-based knee-extension training, which enabled him to perform knee function training during the acute phase after TKA without causing increased pain. Thus, he regained the ability to fully extend his knee postoperatively. HAL-SJ-based knee-extension training can be used as a novel post-TKA rehabilitation modality.
Oxidative Stress Markers and Their Dynamic Changes in Patients after Acute Ischemic Stroke
Authors: Žitňanová Ingrid , Šiarnik Pavol , Kollár Branislav , Chomová Mária , Pazderová Petra , Andrezálová Lucia , Ježovičová Miriam , Koňariková Katarína , Laubertová Lucia , Krivošíková Zuzana , Slezáková Laura , Turčáni Peter
Published: September 2016

We have focused on determining the range of oxidative stress biomarkers and their dynamic changes in patients at different time points after the acute ischemic stroke (AIS). 82 patients with AIS were involved in our study and were tested: within 24 h from the onset of the attack (group A); at 7‐day follow‐up (group B); and at 3‐month follow‐up (group C). 81 gender and age matched volunteers were used as controls. Stroke patients in group A had significantly higher concentrations of plasma lipid peroxides and urine 8‐isoprostanes when compared with controls. Protein carbonyls were not significantly different in any experimental group compared to controls. Antioxidant capacity of plasma was increased only in experimental group C. Activities of superoxide dismutase and catalase were elevated in all three experimental AIS groups compared to controls. Paraoxonase activity was reduced in groups A and B and unchanged in group C when compared to controls. Glutathione peroxide activity was elevated only in group A. Our results suggest that free radical damage is the highest within 24 h after the attack. During the next 3 months oxidative damage to lipids caused by free radicals is reduced due to activated antioxidant system.