bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Identificação da disfunção temporomandibular (DTM) em usuários de dispositivo de proteção auditiva individual (DPAI)
Authors: Aquino Hilda Santos de Souza Mendes , Benevides Silvia Damasceno , Silva Tatiana de Paula Santana da
Published: June 2011

OBJETIVO: descrever e classificar a presença de disfunção temporomandibular em trabalhadores usuários de equipamentos de proteção auditiva individual. MÉTODO: tratou-se de um estudo transversal descritivo, com caráter observacional, desenvolvido em uma indústria de tintas. A população foi composta por 46 funcionários de ambos os sexos (com 94,44% do gênero masculino) com idade entre 20 a 50 anos (idade media de 36,24 anos), expostos a ruído intenso (90 dBNA) que faziam uso de equipamento de proteção individual auditiva tipo concha. Na coleta de dados foram realizados os seguintes procedimentos: triagem fonoaudiológica das funções orais, avaliação clínica otorrinolaringológica e diagnóstico de disfunção temporomandibular ao exame clínico. Os dados foram analisados pela estatística descritiva. RESULTADOS: a queixa predominante foi dor na região que envolve a orelha e articulação temporomadibular. Observou-se que 87% apresentaram diagnóstico positivo de DTM, em que 83% tinham dor miofacial, 11% dor miofacial com limitação de abertura oral e 6% apresentaram diagnóstico de dor miofacial associada a deslocamento de disco com redução de abertura. CONCLUSÕES: a maioria dos trabalhadores apresentou disfunção de ordem muscular. Ressalta-se a importância de considerar a possibilidade da influência deste equipamento sobre o aparecimento ou intensificação do transtorno mencionado.
Types e tokens na aquisição típica de linguagem por sujeitos de 18 a 32 meses falantes do português brasileiro
Authors: Scherer Sabrina , Souza Ana Paula Ramos de
Published: June 2011

OBJETIVO: analisar comparativamente a mudança em types e tokens e na taxa de type/token em crianças, de ambos os sexos, entre 18 e 36 meses, falantes nativos do português brasileiro, quanto à classe gramatical e à medida total e segmentar. MÉTODO: foram gravadas e transcritas as falas de 60 crianças com desenvolvimento típico de linguagem em atividades lúdicas com as mães ou professora. A seguir, efetuaram-se os cálculos da taxa de type/token (TTR) e de types e tokens (ty/to), na forma total e segmentar, com sua distribuição em classes gramaticais. Os resultados foram analisados estatisticamente, por meio dos testes t-student e análise de variância (ANOVA). RESULTADOS: o número de types e tokens totais apresentou vantagens sobre o segmentar em termos de descrição de classes gramaticais e na diferenciação estatística das faixas etárias de 18, 24 e 32 meses. Evolutivamente substantivos surgem primeiro do que verbos, advérbios e adjetivos e demais classes gramaticais que se completam até 32 meses. CONCLUSÃO: não houve diferença estatística quanto ao gênero. A análise isolada dos types e tokens é mais efetiva do que a divisão dos mesmos (TTR), tendo validade estatística na diferenciação das faixas etárias de 18, 24 e 32 meses. O número de types e tokens segmentar é menos efetivo na descrição gramatical considerando faixa etária e gênero.
Fatores determinantes do desempenho na escalada esportiva: umas das contribuições da professora Maria Augusta Kiss para o desenvolvimento das ciências do esporte no Brasil
Authors: Bertuzzi Rômulo , Pires Flávio de O , Lima-Silva Adriano E , Gagliardi João F. L , De-Oliveira Fernando R
Published: June 2011

Por mais de 30 anos, a Professora Doutora Maria Augusta Peduti Dal Molin Kiss atuou efetivamente no desenvolvimento das ciências do esporte no Brasil. Após esse período dedicado à produção de conhecimento e formação de pessoal, mais um ciclo da sua carreira se completa. Dessa forma, o objetivo deste artigo de revisão foi homenageá-la na ocasião de sua aposentadoria, abordando os principais fatores morfofuncionais determinantes do desempenho na escalada esportiva. Diversos achados indicam que a massa corporal, o percentual de gordura corporal, a força de preensão manual, o metabolismo aeróbio e anaeróbio alático, bem como a economia de movimento, são fundamentais para o sucesso nesse esporte. Para nós é um privilégio ter participado dessa trajetória brilhante da professora Kiss e homenageá-la com esse trabalho de revisão.
Lesões no Karate Shotokan e no Jiu-Jitsu: trauma direto versus indireto
Authors: Souza José Mario Couto de , Faim Flavio Tomazelli , Nakashima Inês Yoshie , Altruda Carla Regina , Medeiros Wladimir Musetti , Silva Leandro Reis da
Published: June 2011

INTRODUÇÃO: Artes marciais como Karate e Jiu-Jitsu têm uma origem comum, porém apresentam biomecânica de movimento distintas. O Karate Shotokan tem como principal característica os golpes de impacto, já o Jiu-Jitsu utiliza projeções, estrangulamentos, torções e imobilizações. Estas diferenças poderiam promover diferentes locais de lesão. OBJETIVO: Verificar a frequência de lesões no Karate e no Jiu-Jitsu e comparar estas lesões entre os dois grupos estudados. MÉTODOS: Avaliou-se transversalmente, através de questionário aberto/fechado, 94 atletas dos três níveis de competição: internacional, nacional e estadual. Dados sobre idade de início e tempo de treino também foram avaliados. Para a comparação entre os grupos utilizou-se o teste t de student e o teste do Qui-quadrado. As diferenças foram consideradas significativas quando p < 0,05. RESULTADOS: 148 lesões foram relatadas em uma amostra de 53 Karatecas e 160 lesões em 41 atletas de Jiu-Jitsu. O local de maior incidência de lesão no Karate foram as mãos e dedos (15,5%) e no Jiu-Jitsu foi o joelho (16,3%). Os locais que apresentaram diferenças significativas entre os dois grupos foram: perna (0,042), boca e dentes (0,028), pescoço (0,038), ombro (0,000), cotovelo (0,001), joelho (0,000), tornozelo (0,015), orelha (0,000). CONCLUSÃO: Karate e Jiu-Jitsu apresentam diferenças quanto à frequência e incidência de locais de lesão. Estes achados contribuem para a elaboração de condutas preventivas e terapêuticas específicas a cada esporte.
Utilização do teste de 1-RM na mensuração da razão entre flexores e extensores de joelho em adultos jovens
Authors: Américo Saulo Paulo Fonseca , Souza Victor Vinícius de , Guimarães Cristiano Queiroz , Rolla Ana Flávia Lage
Published: June 2011

A razão de força entre agonista/antagonista fornece informação significativa sobre o equilíbrio muscular sendo importante na detecção de alterações musculoesqueléticas, na orientação de medidas preventivas e na implementação de programas de treinamento específicos. A dinamometria isocinética fornece valores fidedignos sobre o torque gerado e, subsequentemente, sobre a razão de força entre flexores e extensores. Porém, trata-se de um método pouco acessível. Uma possível alternativa para avaliação de força é o teste de uma repetição máxima (1-RM), que é o mais utilizado para avaliação da força dinâmica. Contudo, não existem na literatura trabalhos que tenham utilizado o teste de 1-RM para quantificação da razão entre flexores e extensores de joelho. O objetivo deste estudo foi utilizar o teste de 1-RM na mensuração da razão entre flexores e extensores de joelho em adultos jovens, a fim de encontrar dados normativos. A amostra foi composta por 80 adultos jovens (com média de idade de 22,7 ± 3,40 anos), sendo 40 homens e 40 mulheres, sem lesões osteomioarticulares, que foram submetidos à aplicação do IPAQ-curto, pesagem e predição de 1-RM, aquecimento, teste de 1-RM unilateralmente nos bancos flexor e extensor e posterior análise de dados. Foram encontrados valores de razão agonista/antagonista de 52,34% (±9,72) para homens e 43,19% (±5,82) para mulheres (havendo uma diferença significativa entre os grupos). Valores de referência quanto à razão dos flexores e extensores de joelho utilizando o teste de 1-RM em adultos jovens foram encontrados, podendo servir como referência para indivíduos assintomáticos nessa faixa etária.
A influência do ultrassom e do treinamento físico sobre os triglicérides séricos e intramusculares em ratos diabéticos experimentais
Authors: Dalia Rodrigo Augusto , Guerino Marcelo Renato , Parizotto Nivaldo Antonio , Mello Maria Alice Rostom de , Luicano Eliete
Published: June 2011

O ultrassom terapêutico é visto hoje como um dos recursos mais utilizados na prática da medicina clínica e o exercício físico é consolidado como uma terapêutica eficaz e eficiente em diversos casos, porém ainda pouco investigados em conjunto; por isso, o presente trabalho tem como objetivo analisar a influência do ultrassom e do exercício físico sobre as concentrações de triglicérides sérico e intramusculares (IMTG) em ratos diabéticos experimentais. Foram utilizados ratos Wistar adultos divididos em oitos grupos: Diabéticos Sedentários (DS), Diabéticos Treinados (DT), Diabéticos Sedentários e Ultrassom (DSUs), Diabéticos Treinados e Ultrassom (DTUs), Controle Sedentário (CS), Controle Treinado (CT), Controle Sedentário e Ultrassom (CSUs), Controle Treinado e Ultrassom (CTUs). O protocolo de treinamento constituía de natação cinco dias por semana, 30 minutos, por dia com uma carga máxima equivalente a 8% da massa corporal, durante três semanas. A terapia ultrassônica foi realizada cinco dias por semana, durante duas semanas, com intensidade de 0,2W/cm² e frequência de 1,0MHz. Não houve diferenças significativas nos triglicerídeos séricos e nos músculo Tibial Anterior e Gastrocnêmio. Para o músculo Sóleo as concentrações dos grupos diabéticos foram menores comparados com as dos grupos controles e também entre os grupos DT e DTUs comparado com DS e DSUS, sendo que treinados apresentaram as menores concentrações. O ultrassom pulsado na intensidade proposta não influenciou as concentrações séricas de triglicerídeos nem de IMTG. Porém o exercício físico foi eficaz em reduzir IMTG no músculo Sóleo.
Consumo de oxigênio de recuperação em resposta a duas sessões de treinamento de força com diferentes intensidades
Authors: Almeida Ana Paula Viola de , Coertjens Marcelo , Cadore Eduardo Lusa , Geremia Jean Marcel , Silva Adriano Eduardo Lima da , Kruel Luiz Fernando Martins
Published: June 2011

O objetivo do presente estudo foi comparar o comportamento do consumo de oxigênio (VO2) em resposta a uma sessão de treinamento de força (TF) com objetivo em hipertrofia muscular (HP) com uma sessão com objetivo em resistência muscular localizada (RML). Nove indivíduos do sexo masculino (23,1 ± 2,1 anos) foram recrutados para este estudo. A força muscular dinâmica foi mensurada através do teste de 1RM. O VO2 foi coletado durante o repouso e 10 minutos de recuperação com um analisador de gases (CPX/D). As sessões foram compostas por um exercício de membros superiores (supino) e um de membros inferiores (agachamento), e compreenderam a execução de três séries de 6-8 repetições máximas (RM) a 80% de 1RM para HP e 15-20 RM a 55% de 1RM para RML. Foram analisados os dados de VO2 pós-exercício (EPOC), gasto energético (GE) de recuperação e constante de tempo de VO2 (CT). Foi observado que ambas sessões provocaram comportamento significativamente elevado de VO2 durante os 10min de recuperação em relação aos valores de repouso. Não houve diferenças significativas entre os valores de EPOC (litros) para HP (2,21 ± 0,54) e RML (2,60 ± 0,44), GE (kcal) para HP (10,36 ± 2,53) e RML (12,18 ± 2,04) e CT (segundos) para HP (56 ± 7) e RML (57 ± 6) (p > 0,05). Esses resultados demonstraram que uma sessão de TF com objetivo em RML é capaz de causar distúrbios metabólicos semelhantes àqueles provocados por uma sessão de HP, mesmo que seja em menor intensidade relativa a carga máxima.
The ichthyofauna of drifting macrophyte mats in the Ivinhema River, upper Paraná River basin, Brazil
Authors: Bulla Cíntia Karen , Gomes Luiz Carlos , Miranda Leandro Esteban , Agostinho Angelo Antonio
Published: June 2011

We describe the fish assemblages associated with drifting macrophyte mats and consider their possible role as dispersal vectors in the Ivinhema River, a major tributary of the upper Paraná River, Brazil. Fish associated with drifting mats were sampled in the main river channel during January and March 2005, when the wind and/or the increased water level were sufficient to transport macrophyte stands. Fish in the drifting mats were sampled with a floating sieve (4 m long x 2 m wide x 0.6 m high, and 2 mm mesh size). In the laboratory, larvae, juvenile, and adult fish were counted and identified to the lowest possible taxonomic level. In four drifting macrophyte mats we captured 218 individuals belonging to at least 28 species, 17 families, and 6 orders. Aphyocharax dentatus, Serrasalmus spp., and Trachelyopterus galeatus were the most abundant taxa associated with the mats, but species richness ranged from 6 to 24 species per mat. In addition, 85% of the total number of individuals caught was larvae and juveniles. Although preliminary and based on limited samples, this study of drifting macrophyte mats was the first one in the last unregulated stretch of the Paraná River remaining inside Brazilian territory, and alerts us to the potential role of macrophytes mats as dispersers of fish species in the region.
Age and growth of the dog snapper Lutjanus jocu (Bloch & Schneider, 1801) in Abrolhos Bank, Northeastern Brazil
Authors: Previero Marília , Minte-Vera Carolina V. , Freitas Matheus Oliveira , Moura Rodrigo Leão de , Dei Tos Claudenice
Published: June 2011

We determined the age and growth of the dog snapper (Lutjanus jocu), caught in the region of Abrolhos Bank, Bahia State, by the fishermen from coastal communities of Prado, Alcobaça, Caravelas, and Nova Viçosa. We examined 205 sectioned otoliths of fish caught by harpoon, longline, hand line, and gill nets (14.5 to 79.5 cm fork length). The formation of each ring was considered annual. The sectioned otoliths showed between 0 and 29 rings. Nearly half of the analyzed specimens had between 0 and 7 rings (88 of 205). Fish caught with nets in the estuarine region were the juvenile, while fish caught with lines and harpoons were the oldest. Two von Bertalanffy growth models were fitted to length-at-age data: one assuming constant variance of length-at-age (SVB) and another assuming constant coefficient of variation, i.e. variance increasing as a function of average size (CVVB). The SVB estimates were Loo = 87.82 cm, K = 0.10, and t0 = -1.486 and the CVVB estimates were Loo = 117.60 cm, K = 0.06, and t0 = -2.470. The largest Loo values estimated by the CVVB model are supported by reports from the literature of larger animals occurring in the deeper outer shelf of Abrolhos Bank. Growth parameters were also estimated for males and females separately (SVB model) (Loo = 92.80 cm, K = 0.099, and t0 = -1.680 for males, and Loo = 82.10 cm, K = 0.105, and t0 = -1.570 for females).
Influência do local de ancoragem dos implantes na vértebra sobre o torque de inserção e resistência ao arrancamento
Authors: Rosa Rodrigo César , Silva Patrícia , Falcai Maurício José , Shimano Antônio Carlos , Defino Helton Luiz Aparecido
Published: June 2011

OBJETIVO: Avaliar a influência do sítio anatômico da ancoragem dos implantes na vértebra sobre a resistência ao arrancamento e o torque de inserção dos parafusos pediculares com alma cônica e cilíndrica. MÉTODOS: Parafusos cilíndricos e com alma cônica foram inseridos no pedículo e corpo vertebral de 10 vértebras lombares (L4-L5) de vitelos. Foram avaliados o torque de inserção e a resistência ao arrancamento dos parafusos inseridos no corpo e no pedículo vertebral. RESULTADOS: Os valores do torque de inserção e resistência ao arrancamento foram maiores nos parafusos de alma cilíndrica e alma cônica inseridos no pedículo vertebral. CONCLUSÕES: A ancoragem dos implantes no pedículo vertebral apresentou maiores valores do torque de inserção e da força de arrancamento que os implantes inseridos no corpo vertebral nos dois tipos de parafusos utilizados.
Reusing O&G-Depleted Reservoirs for CO2 Storage: Pros and Cons
Authors: Loizzo M.. , Lecampion B.. , Bérard T.. , Harichandran A.. , Jammes L..
Published: June 2011

Two main types of reservoirs are considered for geological storage of carbon dioxide (CO2): deep saline formations and depleted oil and gas (O&G) reservoirs. The former offers very large potential capacity and a more-even distribution at the expense of high uncertainty because of the very poor characterization of their properties to date, including their sealing capacity. The latter offers smaller overall capacity, but with a reduced risk because of better reservoir knowledge. Gas reservoirs have also provided a proven seal to pressurized gas.

However, reusing depleted O&G reservoirs presents challenges that must be considered in the evaluation of performance factors and the associated risks.

Depletion can cause pore collapse in the reservoir, with an associated loss of capacity and injectivity and can weaken caprock and bounding faults or even well completions, leading to possible containment losses because of mechanical failure. O&G reservoirs are also intersected by many wells, and it is likely that stricter regulatory requirements on well integrity and the quality of zonal isolation will force operators to recomplete or work over wells that will be exposed to CO2, with an obvious impact on cost.

Low reservoir pressure may also mean that injection of CO2 in a dense phase would result in reservoir fracturing and very strong thermal effects that may lead to injectivity problems. In the reservoir, chemical and physical differences in behavior between CO2 and methane may adversely affect geological containment and injectivity.

Analyzing the benefits and challenges with respect to all performance factors (capacity, injectivity, containment) shows that depleted O&G reservoirs and deep saline reservoirs both offer potentially attractive targets for geological storage of CO2, mostly for complementary reasons. Uncertainty on capacity and injectivity is clearly lower for depleted reservoirs, giving them a potential net economic advantage, whereas uncertainty on well containment favors saline formations, which are intersected by fewer wells. Injectivity in depleted reservoirs may be much more difficult to ensure than for saline formations or O&G reservoirs where pressure has been maintained. Saline formations have a lower, mostly unproven, safety margin between injection and fracturing pressure, resulting in a potential advantage for depleted reservoirs where repressurization will lead to a final pressure lower than or equal to the original value. Each reservoir type has a different risk profile, different advantages, and a rightful place in a portfolio of injection sites.
Geomechanical-Data Acquisition, Monitoring, and Applications in SAGD
Authors: Gu Fagang , Chan Mark Y.S. , Fryk Robert
Published: June 2011

Steam-assisted gravity drainage (SAGD) has proved to be a commercially viable method to extract bitumen from oil-sands reservoirs in western Canada. To understand the influence of steam injection on reservoir and surrounding rocks and potential impacts of surface deformation on the environment, various types of instrumentation and 4D-seismic surveys have been applied in SAGD projects. The effect of geomechanics on SAGD has been well documented. Collecting essential geomechanical data, properly interpreting them, and incorporating them into numerical models are necessary to ensure meaningful history matching and understanding of reservoir performances.

This paper outlines geomechanical-data acquisition and field-monitoring methods from a reservoir-engineering perspective, and the applications of geomechanics in SAGD analyses. Minimal-data-acquisition programs are suggested to collect the necessary geomechanical data for different analysis purposes in SAGD projects. Primary instrumentation is briefly overviewed, and recommendations for instrumentation selection are provided. Using generic Canadian-oil-sands reservoir and rock properties, the subsurface and surface changes and deformations are simulated, including permeability changes, reservoir movements, and strains and surface uplifts. Simulations are completed with a widely applied thermal simulator, and its limitations are also discussed. The method to couple the results of geostatistics modelling, reservoir simulation, and geomechanics in SAGD simulation and to link them with a 4D-seismic survey in history matching is provided.
Synthesis of New Ferrocene bis Thiocarbazones under Solvent-Free Conditions using Microwave
Authors: Li Guohua , Shi Zhichuan , Li Xiaorui , Zhao Zhigang
Published: June 2011

A simple efficient method for the synthesis of new ferrocene bis thiocarbazones via microwave irradiation under solvent-free conditions has been developed. Compared to the conventional method, its major advantages are short reaction times, good conversions and actually accorded the green synthesis technology. The structures of target compounds were confirmed by 1H NMR, IR, ESI-MS spectra data and elemental analysis. Preliminary bioassay results showed that some of these compounds possess inhibitory effects against S. aureus, S. pyogenes and E. coli bacteria.
Rongalite Promoted Highly Regioselective Synthesis of β-hydroxytellurides
Authors: Sui Dongsheng , Wu Feifei , Xu Qing , Yu Xiaochun
Published: June 2011

Ditellurides undergo facile cleavage on treatment with rongalite (sodium hydroxymethanesulfinate) to generate tellurium anions in situ, which undergo ring opening of epoxides in high regioselective manner. A simple, cost-effective method has been developed to prepare β-hydroxytellurides with good yields.
Simultaneously Rapid Deprotection of 3-acyloxy groups and reduction of D-ring ketones (nitrile) of steroids using DIBAL-H/NiCl2
Authors: Wang Xingbin , Liu Hui , Yan Peiyun , Liu Jinliang , Li Yan , Sun Qian , Wang Cunde
Published: June 2011

An efficient preparation of hydroxysteroids by a one-pot, simultaneously rapid deprotection of 3-acyloxy groups and reduction of D-ring ketones (nitrile) of steroids using DIBAL-H in the presence of NiCl2 (10 mol %) is described. The attractive features of this procedure for the preparation of the hydroxysteroid derivatives are the mild reaction conditions, short reaction time, excellent yields, clean reaction profiles, and an inexpensive catalyst system.
Magnesium Bistrifluoromethanesulfonimide Catalysed Three-Component Synthesis of Protected Homoallylic Amines
Authors: Wang Hongshe , Zhao Weixing
Published: June 2011

A one-pot, three-component reaction of an aldehyde, benzyl carbamate and allyltrimethylsilane in the presence of 3 mol% of magnesium bistrifluoromethanesulfonimide at room temperature has been shown to afford the corresponding protected homoallylic amine in high yield.
Management of Liver Failure: From Transplantation to Cell-Based Therapy
Authors: Francipane Maria Giovanna , Cervello Melchiorre , Vizzini Giovanni Battista , Pietrosi Giada , Montalto Giuseppe
Published: June 2011

The severe shortage of deceased donor organs has driven a search for alternative methods of treating liver failure. In this context, cell-based regenerative medicine is emerging as a promising interdisciplinary field of tissue repair and restoration, able to contribute to improving health in a minimally invasive fashion. Several cell types have allowed long-term survival in experimental models of liver injury, but their therapeutic potential in humans should be regarded with deep caution, because few clinical trials are currently available and the number of patients enrolled so far is too small to assess benefits versus risks. This review summarizes the current literature on the physiological role of endogenous stem cells in liver regeneration and on the therapeutic benefits of exogenous stem cell administration with specific emphasis on the potential clinical uses of mesenchymal stem cells. Moreover, critical points that still need clarification, such as the exact identity of the stem-like cell population exerting the beneficial effects, as well as the limitations of stem cell-based therapies, are discussed.
Viewing America's Energy Future in Three Dimensions
Authors: Beach Robert , Cooley Philip , Duffer Allen , Gallaher Michael , Hegedus Louis , Lesemann Markus , Moore Toby , Pellizzari Edo , Temple Dorota
Published: June 2011

The future of the US energy infrastructure is a major and urgent challenge for our society. This monograph was stimulated by a report of the National Academies' Committee on America's Energy Future, America's Energy Future: Technology and Transformation, Summary Edition, 2009. The report pointed out the critical but poorly understood and little explored role of societal considerations in determining the fate of national energy policies and programs. In our efforts to respond to those concerns, we have examined the thesis that the three major dimensions of the energy challenge—technology, economics, and societal—are overlapping, interactive, and inseparable; therefore, they can be understood only when considered simultaneously and discussed in terms of their interactions. Correspondingly, this monograph describes energy technologies in the context of their economic and societal contexts, energy economics in their technological and societal contexts, and the societal aspects of energy in their technological and economic contexts. The monograph then identifies social science–driven research opportunities pertaining to America’s energy challenge, with the hope that the proposed research will help not only overcome the societal barriers identified by the National Academies' report, but also harness societal forces in developing a rational energy future.
La Première guerre carliste ou la guerre de la dernière chance : la communauté légitimiste face à son destin
Authors: Rubio Laetitia Blanchard
Published: June 2011

Lorsque débute la Première guerre carliste en Espagne, c’est là-bas que paraît se jouer le sort de l’absolutisme européen, aux prises avec le libéralisme conquérant. Les acteurs de ce conflit ainsi que l’écho de certaines batailles sont relayés dans l’opinion publique européenne, essentiellement par la presse et les revues, mais aussi au travers de nombreux ouvrages de circonstance qui sont la plupart du temps des témoignages de militaires s’étant engagés dans ce conflit. Dans cet article, il s’agit d’analyser le discours des légitimistes européens qui ont participé à la première guerre carliste en tant qu’observateurs ou acteurs engagés dans un conflit dont les enjeux allaient bien au-delà d’une simple querelle dynastique. Dans cette guerre civile se joue pour eux une idée de l’Europe qu’ils craignent de voir disparaître. Ils sont conscients que l’issue de ces combats peut faire basculer le destin de la cause légitimiste en Europe. La possibilité de lutter pour des idéaux qu’ils ne pouvaient pas toujours revendiquer dans leurs pays d’origine pousse un certain nombre d’officiers de carrière à s’engager dans l’armée carliste mais aussi à publier un certain nombre d’ouvrages destinés à célébrer l’héroïsme qui préside dans leur propre camp. Ces défenseurs de la légitimité vont au devant d’une mémoire collective qui est celle des vaincus et qui leur contesterait donc le droit d’exister. S’ils sont conscients que le présent ne leur appartient plus, ils mettent tout leur espoir dans l’avenir et dans la marque qu’ils laisseront dans l’histoire qui, un jour peut-être, leur rendra justice.
A New Class of P(VdF-HFP)-CeO2-LiClO4-Based Composite Microporous Membrane Electrolytes for Li-Ion Batteries
Authors: Vijayakumar G. , Karthick S. N. , Subramania A.
Published: June 2011

Composite microporous membranes based on Poly (vinylidene fluoride–co-hexafluoro propylene) P(VdF-co-HFP)-CeO2were prepared by phase inversion and preferential polymer dissolution process. It was then immersed in 1M LiClO4-EC/DMC (v/v=1:1) electrolyte solution to obtain their corresponding composite microporous membrane electrolytes. For comparison, composite membrane electrolytes were also prepared by conventional phase inversion method. The surface morphology of composite membranes obtained by both methods was examined by FE-SEM analysis, and their thermal behaviour was investigated by DSC analysis. It was observed that the preferential polymer dissolution composite membrane electrolytes (PDCMEs) had better properties, such as higher porosity, electrolyte uptake (216 wt%), ionic conductivity (3.84 mS⋅cm−1) and good electrochemical stability (4.9 V), than the phase inversion composite membrane electrolytes (PICMEs). As a result, a cell fabricated with PDCME in between mesocarbon microbead (MCMB) anode and LiCoO2cathode had better cycling performance than a cell fabricated with PICME.
On the Hölder regularity of the landscape function
Authors: Brancolini Alessio , Solimini Sergio
Published: June 2011

We study the Hölder regularity of the landscape function introduced by Santambrogio in [S]. We develop a new technique which both extends Santambrogio’s result to lower Ahlfors regular measures in general dimension h and simplifies its proof.
The effects of atmospheric waves on the amounts of polar stratospheric clouds
Authors: Kohma M. , Sato K.
Published: June 2011

Abstract. A quantitative analysis on the relationship between atmospheric waves and polar stratospheric clouds (PSCs) in the 2008 austral winter and the 2007/2008 boreal winter is made using CALIPSO, COSMIC and Aura MLS observation data and reanalysis data. A longitude-time section of the frequency of PSC occurrence in the Southern Hemisphere indicates that PSC frequency is not regionally uniform and that high PSC frequency regions propagate eastward at different speeds from the background zonal wind. These features suggest a significant influence of atmospheric waves on PSC behavior. Next, three temperature thresholds for PSC existence are calculated using HNO3 and H2O mixing ratios. Among the three, the TSTS (a threshold for super cooled ternary solution)-based estimates of PSC frequency accord best with the observations in terms of the amount, spatial and temporal variation, in particular for the latitude range of 55° S–70° S in the Southern Hemisphere and for 55° N–85° N in the Northern Hemisphere. Moreover, the effects of planetary waves, synoptic-scale waves and gravity waves on PSC areal extent are separately examined using the TSTS-based PSC estimates. The latitude range of 55° S–70° S is analyzed because the TSTS-based estimates are not consistent with observations at higher latitudes (< 75° S) above 18 km, and PSCs in lower latitudes are more important to the ozone depletion because of the earlier arrival of solar radiation in spring. It is shown that nearly 100 % of PSCs between 55° S and 70° S at altitudes of 16–24 km are formed by temperature modulation, which is influenced by planetary waves during winter. Although the effects of synoptic-scale waves on PSCs are limited, around an altitude of 12 km more than 60 % of the total PSC areal extent is formed by synoptic-scale waves. The effects of gravity waves on PSC areal extent are not large in the latitude range of 55° S–70° S. However, at higher latitudes, gravity waves act to increase PSC areal extent at an altitude of 15 km by about 30 % in September. Similar analyses are performed for the Northern Hemisphere. It is shown that almost all PSCs observed in the Northern Hemisphere are attributable to low temperature anomalies associated with planetary waves.
Spatio-temporal variations in soil moisture and physicochemical properties of a typical semiarid sand-meadow-desert landscape as influenced by land use
Authors: Duan L. , Liu T. , Wang X. , Wang G. , Ma L. , Luo Y.
Published: June 2011

Abstract. A good understanding of the interrelations between land cover alteration and changes in hydrologic conditions (e.g., soil moisture) as well as soil physicochemical properties (e.g., fine soil particles and nutrients) is crucial for maintaining the fragile hydrologic and environmental conditions of semiarid land, such as the Horqin Sandy Land in China, but is lacking in existing literature. The objectives of this study were to examine: (1) spatio-temporal variations of soil moisture and physicochemical properties in semiarid land; and (2) how those variations are influenced by land cover alteration. Using the data collected in a 9.71 km2 well-instrumented area of the Horqin Sandy Land, this study examined by visual examination and statistical analyses the spatio-temporal variations of soil moisture and physicochemical properties. The results indicated that for the study area, the soil moisture and physicochemical properties were dependent on local topography, soil texture, vegetation density, and human activity. Long-term reclamation for agriculture was found to reduce soil moisture by over 23 % and significantly (p-value < 0.05) lower the contents of soil organic matter, fine soil particles, and nutrients.
Use of ENVISAT ASAR Global Monitoring Mode to complement optical data in the mapping of rapid broad-scale flooding in Pakistan
Authors: O'Grady D. , Leblanc M. , Gillieson D.
Published: June 2011

Abstract. Envisat ASAR Global Monitoring Mode (GM) data are used to produce maps of the extent of the flooding in Pakistan which are made available to the rapid response effort within 24 h of acquisition. The high temporal frequency and independence of the data from cloud-free skies makes GM data a viable tool for mapping flood waters during those periods where optical satellite data is unavailable, which may be crucial to rapid response disaster planning, where thousands of lives are affected. Image differencing techniques are used, with pre-flood baseline image backscatter values being deducted from target values to eliminate regions with a permanent flood-like radar response due to volume scattering and attenuation, and to highlight the low response caused by specular reflection by open flood water. The effect of local incidence angle on the received signal is mitigated by ensuring that the deducted image is acquired from the same orbit track as the target image. Poor separability of the water class with land in areas beyond the river channels is tackled using a region-growing algorithm which seeks threshold-conformance from seed pixels at the center of the river channels. The resultant mapped extents are tested against MODIS SWIR data where available, with encouraging results.
Effect of LiBF4 Salt Concentration on the Properties of Plasticized MG49-TiO2 Based Nanocomposite Polymer Electrolyte
Authors: Ahmad A. , Rahman M. Y. A. , Low S. P. , Hamzah H.
Published: June 2011

A nanocomposite polymer electrolyte (NCPE) comprising of 49% poly(methyl methacrylate) grafted natural rubber (MG49) as polymer host, titanium dioxide (TiO2) as a ceramic filler, lithium tetrafluoroborate (LiBF4) as dopant salt, and ethylene carbonate (EC) as plasticizer was prepared by solution casting technique. The ceramic filler, TiO2, was synthesized in situ by a sol-gel process. The ionic conductivity, chemical interaction, structure, and surface morphology of nanocomposite polymer electrolyte have been investigated as a function of wt% LiBF4. The interaction between lithium ions and oxygen atoms occurred at carbonyl and ether groups. The crystalline phase of polymer host slightly decreases with the addition of salt. TGA and DTG analysis suggested that the thermal stability of the electrolyte decreases with the salt content. The ionic conductivity of the electrolyte was found to increase with the increase of salt concentration and then decreased after an optimum value. The highest conductivity achieved was  S cm−1 at 25 wt% of LiBF4.
Olfactory Neuroblastomas: An Experience of 24 Years
Authors: Tural Deniz , Yildiz Ozcan , Selcukbiricik Fatih , Ozturk Mehmet Akif , Keles Yildiz , Oz Buge , Uzel Omer , Demir Gokhan , Mandel Nil Molinas
Published: June 2011

Objective. The aim of this study was to evaluate clinicopathological findings and the efficacy of the treatment modalities used in patients with olfactory neuroblastomas. Study Design. Retrospective record review. Setting. Istanbul University, Cerrahpasa Medical Faculty, medical oncology outpatient clinic. Subjects and Methods. There were 3 stage A tumors, 5 stage B and 11 stage C according to the Kadish staging system. There were 5 grade I/II and 12 grade III/IV according to the Hyams' histopathologic system. Involvement to orbita was detected in eight patients at the time of diagnosis. Results. The median follow-up period was 23.7 months. The 5-year survival rate for the whole group was 26%. The stage A/B groups exhibited a better survival rate than the C group with 2-year survival rates being 25 versus 71% respectively (P=.008). The grade I/II groups exhibited a better survival rate than the grade III/IV groups with 2-year survival rates being 50 versus 16% respectively (P=.001). The group who had orbital involvement exhibited a poor survival rate than the group of patients who had no involvement of the orbital. Conclusion. In our study, tumor stage, histopathologic grading, involvement of the orbita, brain and bone marow metastases were the statistically significant prognostic factors.
Anticoagulants
Authors: Eerenberg E. S. , Kampuisen P. W. , Levi M.
Published: June 2011

Anticoagulants are effective in the prevention and treatment of a variety of arterial and venous thrombotic disorders but are associated with an increased risk of serious bleeding complications. Based on well documented studies of patients using vitamin K antagonists the incidence of major bleeding is 0.5%/year and the incidence of intracranial bleeding is 0.2%/year, however, in real life practice this incidence may be even higher. Risk factors for bleeding are the intensity of anticoagulation, the management strategy to keep the anticoagulant effect in the desired range, and patient characteristics. Recently, a new generation of anticoagulants have been developed and is currently evaluated in clinical trials. Initial results show a similar or superior efficacy over conventional anticoagulant agents with a good safety profile. In case of serious bleeding complications in a patient who uses vitamin K antagonists, this anticoagulant treatment can be quickly reversed by administration of vitamin K or coagulation factor concentrates. For the newer anticoagulants, quick reversal strategies are more cumbersome, although some interventions, including prothrombin complex concentrates, show promising results in initial experimental studies.
Lessons from Nature for the Construction of Ceramic Cellular Materials for Superior Energy Absorption
Authors: Presser Volker , Schultheiß Stefanie , Kohler Christian , Berthold Christoph , Nickel Klaus G. , Vohrer Achim , Finckh Hermann , Stegmaier Thomas
Published: June 2011

Sea urchin spines combine extreme lightweight construction with impact resistance and improved mechanical strength although being made of presumably brittle calcium carbonate (calcite). Lance and pencil sea urchins (Phyllacanthus imperialis and Heterocentrotus mammillatus) are of particular interest as they exhibit large and mechanical very stable spines and the constructional concepts of these spines was translated into graded porous alumina ceramics derived from starch‐blended slip casting. A high level of porosity (>30 vol%) is identified as the important element for graceful failure in polycrystalline alumina and graded porosity, i.e., layers of higher and lower density, can significantly improve the impact resistance of the material giving raise to what we refer to as cascading graceful failure: a mechanical response of porous materials with curved layers of graded porosity that maintains a high level of compressive strength even after the linear elastic threshold is surpassed and local structural collapse occurs.
Lateral Phase Separation Gradients in Spin‐Coated Thin Films of High‐Performance Polymer:Fullerene Photovoltaic Blends
Authors: Hou Lintao , Wang Ergang , Bergqvist Jonas , Andersson B. Viktor , Wang Zhongqiang , Müller Christian , Campoy‐Quiles Mariano , Andersson Mats R. , Zhang Fengling , Inganäs Olle
Published: June 2011

In this study, it is demonstrated that a finer nanostructure produced under a rapid rate of solvent removal significantly improves charge separation in a high‐performance polymer:fullerene bulk‐heterojunction blend. During spin‐coating, variations in solvent evaporation rate give rise to lateral phase separation gradients with the degree of coarseness decreasing away from the center of rotation. As a result, across spin‐coated thin films the photocurrent at the first interference maximum varies as much as 25%, which is much larger than any optical effect. This is investigated by combining information on the surface morphology of the active layer imaged by atomic force microscopy, the 3D nanostructure imaged by electron tomography, film formation during the spin coating process imaged by optical interference and photocurrent generation distribution in devices imaged by a scanning light pulse technique. The observation that the nanostructure of organic photovoltaic blends can strongly vary across spin‐coated thin films will aid the design of solvent mixtures suitable for high molecular‐weight polymers and of coating techniques amenable to large area processing.
Micropatterned ECM substrates reveal complementary contribution of low and high affinity ligands to neurite outgrowth
Authors: Féréol S. , Fodil R. , Barnat M. , Georget V. , Milbreta U. , Nothias F.
Published: June 2011

Growth and guidance of developing or regenerating axons require sensing of environmental cues (EC) by the growth cone. To explore the role of a spatially defined distribution of ligands on guidance, extension, and branching, we used a microcontact‐printing technique allowing to deposit ligands as discrete spots of a size smaller than a cell body. Micropatterned substrates (MS) were created with varying distance between spots and two different ligands (laminin (LN) and fibronectin (FN)). Dissociated dorsal root ganglion neurons were seeded on either monocomponent MS made from LN or FN alone, or multicomponent MS made from alternating lines of LN and FN spots. On monocomponent MS the high‐affinity ligand LN not only stimulated neurite extension, but also provided guidance and branching control, associated with marked cytoskeleton remodeling. The latter was assessed by evaluating the increase in rigidity of the distal neurite segment by Atomic Force Microscopy. In contrast, FN alone acts as a low‐affinity ligand which dramatically limits neurite outgrowth. Surprisingly, observation of growth cone dynamics on multicomponent MS revealed that FN constitute a transient support for neurite progression, facilitating exploration of other EC present within a certain distance. Such a mutual contribution of high and low affinity ligands to neurite outgrowth is consistent with a recent theory of force regulation of dynamic adhesion sites showing cell's sensitivity to EC properties would actually depend on the rate of change of the reacting force, the latter controlling the otherwise instantaneous chemical binding process. © 2011 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Expression of BDNF and NT‐3 during the ontogeny and regeneration of the lacertidian (Gallotia galloti) visual system
Authors: Santos E. , Romero‐Alemán M.M. , Monzón‐Mayor M. , Lang D.M. , Rodger J. , Yanes C.
Published: June 2011

Retinal ganglion cell (RGC) axons regrow spontaneously after optic nerve (ON) transection in G. galloti. Because brain‐derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) is considered the major neurotrophin participating in vertebrate visual system development and promotes RGC survival, we investigated its distribution using dual‐labeling immunohistochemistry for neuronal and glial markers. We examined the developing and regenerating lizard visual system at 1, 3, 6, 9, and 12 months postlesion to comparatively evaluate BDNF expression patterns. BDNF was detected from midembryonic stages (E35) in both retinal plexiform layers, and in radial glial processes in the tectum. Moreover, RGC axon staining was detected at late prenatal stages (E39), showing a transient punctate staining which progressed in a temporo‐spatial pattern that was similar to myelination. Strong expression in RGC axons was maintained in adults. However, transient downregulation of BDNF staining occurred on the experimental side one month after ON transection followed by a gradual recovery with extensive punctate/swelling distribution and persistent upregulation at 12 months. Conversely, quantitative PCR analysis for 1 and 12 months regenerate lizards showed downregulation of the ratio of BDNF mRNA expression at 12 months and nonsignificant changes of NT‐3 transcripts. In summary, we demonstrate that BDNF and NT‐3 are abundantly expressed during lizard visual system ontogeny and regeneration suggesting their participation inthe development, maintenance and plasticity of the system. © 2011Wiley Periodicals, Inc.Develop Neurobiol 71: 836–853, 2011
Field‐amplified online sample stacking capillary electrophoresis UV detection for plasma malondialdehyde measurement
Authors: Zinellu Angelo , Sotgia Salvatore , Deiana Luca , Carru Ciriaco
Published: June 2011

Malondialdehyde (MDA) determination is the most widely used method for monitoring lipid peroxidation. Here, we describe an easy field‐amplified sample injection (FASI) CE method with UV detection for the detection of free plasma MDA. MDA was detected within 8 min by using 200 mmol/L Tris phosphate pH 5.0 as running buffer. Plasma samples treated with ACN for protein elimination were directly injected on capillary without complex cleanup and/or sample derivatization procedures. Using electrokinetic injection, the detection limit in real sample was 3 nmol/L, thus improving of about 100‐fold the LOD of the previous described methods based on CE. Precision tests indicate a good repeatability of our method both for migration times (CV=1.11%) and for areas (CV=2.05%). Moreover, a good reproducibility of intra‐ and inter‐assay tests was obtained (CV=2.55% and CV=5.14%, respectively). Suitability of the method was tested by measuring MDA levels in 44 healthy volunteers.
Understanding specific effects of prenatal alcohol exposure on brain structure in young adults
Authors: Chen Xiangchuan , Coles Claire D. , Lynch Mary E. , Hu Xiaoping
Published: June 2011

Prenatal alcohol exposure (PAE) is associated with various adverse effects on human brain and behavior. Recently, neuroimaging studies have begun to identify PAE effects on specific brain structures. Investigation of such specific PAE effects is important for understanding the teratogenic mechanism of PAE on human brain, which is critical for differentiating PAE from other disorders. In this structural MRI study with young adults, PAE effects on the volumes of automatically segmented cortical and subcortical regions of interest (ROIs) were evaluated both through a group difference approach and a parametric approach. In the group difference approach (comparing among two PAE and a control groups), a disproportionate PAE effect was found in several occipital and temporal regions. This result is inconsistent with previous studies with child samples. Moreover, a gender difference in PAE effect was shown in some cortical ROIs. These findings suggest that sampling and gender may be important factors for interpreting specific PAE effects on human brain. With the parametric approach, it was demonstrated that the higher the PAE level, the smaller the entire brain, the lower the IQ. Several cortical and subcortical ROIs also exhibited a negative correlation between the PAE level and ROI volume. Furthermore, our data showed that the PAE effect on the brain could not be interpreted by the PAE effect on general physical growth until the young adult age. This study provides valuable insight into specific effects of PAE on human brain and suggests important implications for future studies in this field. Hum Brain Mapp, 2011. © 2011 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.