bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Prevention of Postoperative Adhesions of Caesarean Section
Authors: Nasreen Shaikh Zinnatara , Shahreen Safinaz , Huq Saleheen , Huq Sabereen
Published: July 2017

Adhesions means fibrous or scar tissue that results from the healing process. Up to 95% of patients who have surgery develop adhesions. Adhesions formation and its long term sequel is a well known complication of the surgery but unfortunately very little is investigated about the prevention. The long term morbidities such as chronic pelvic pain, secondary infertility, hospital readmission, bowel obstruction, difficult repeat C/S with increased bleeding, longer operative time, injury to bowel ,bladder, ureters and placental accreta spectrum disorder from adhesions are the main concern. The cost for these adhesions is extreme burden for the developing countries. Several preventive agents against postoperative adhesions have been investigated. The proper surgical technique remains the cornerstone for good outcomes and risks reduction. Careful tissue handling, keeping tissue moist, meticulous homeostasis, minimization of tissue ishcaemia and avoiding excessive tissue desiccation, the use of micro and a traumatic instruments are very important to prevent the adhesive disorders. Several chemical agents, mechanical barriers and hydrofloatation are being used which seems to be promising. But all of them have some limitations. All these Barriers are being used widely but need to be properly evaluated, before its routine use. FDA approved Barrier Seprafilm, Hydrofloation Adept are popular but also CoSeal, SurgiWrap and Plasmax( not FDA approved ) are getting much popularity. Oxidized regenerated cellulose is promising but for C/S is not properly evaluated. The chemical barriers like NSAID, Steroids, antifibrinolytic agents and anticoagulant are being used since ancient period but they are not proved to be superior to adhesive barriers. In the current state of knowledge, none can replace the good surgical technique. Therefore along with the training of appropriate surgical technique, preclinical or clinical studies are still necessary to evaluate the effectiveness of the several proposed prevention strategies and more researches are time demanding to prevent postoperative adhesions.J Bangladesh Coll Phys Surg 2017; 35(2): 86-90
A Girl with Hip Swelling and Convulsion
Authors: Miah Md Titu , Ayaz Khan Fariduddin Mohammad , Begum Aysha , Azad Khan Abul Kalam , Mowla Syed Ghulam Mogni
Published: July 2017

Abstract not availableJ Bangladesh Coll Phys Surg 2017; 35(2): 100
Influence of weather factors on the abundance and population dynamics of Spodoptera litura F. and Pieris brassicae L. on cabbage
Authors: Khan MMH , Talukder S
Published: July 2017

In order to study the influence of weather factors on the abundance and population dynamics of Spodoptera litura F. and Pieris brassicae L. on cabbage, a field experiment was conducted. Larval population of S. litura ranged from 0.56 to 1.57 larvae/plant during 8 January to 12 February 2014 crop season while the highest peak was on 5 February 2014 (1.57 larvae/plant) at 29.5 0C temperature. In case of Pieris brassicae, larval population ranged from 0.58 to1.98 larvae/plant and the highest peak of P. brassicae was also on 5 February. The highest peak was on 5 February 2014 at 96% and 38% relative humidity of both maximum and minimum categories and the highest peak of P. brassicae was on 5 February. There was a strong positive correlation (r = 0.824 and r = 0.920) between population of Spodoptera litura and temperature (maximum and minimum). On the other hand, there was a negative correlation (r = -0.439) between population of S. litura and maximum relative humidity and a strong negative correlation (r = - 0.716) between population of S. litura and minimum relative humidity. The population of Pieris brassicae was positively correlated (r = 0.899 and r = 0.956) with maximum and minimum temperatures. There was a negative correlation (r = -0.443) between population of P. brassicae and maximum relative humidity and a strong negative correlation (r = - 0.645) between population of P. brassicae and minimum relative humidity.SAARC J. Agri., 15(1): 13-21 (2017)
Effect of integrated nutrient management on nutrient uptake and sustainable grain yield in transplanted aman rice
Authors: Naher MS , Paul AK
Published: July 2017

A field experiment was carried out at Sher-e-Bangla Agricultural University (SAU) Farm during July to November 2011 to evaluate the effect of integrated nutrient management (INM) on T. Aman rice (cv. BRRI dhan40). The field belongs to Red Brown Terrace soil under Tejgoan series having silt loam texture and 6.0 pH. Application of 70 % NPKS fertilizers + 4 t ha-1 dhaincha (Sesbania rostrata) (T1) produced the highest grain yield (5.90 t ha-1), the second highest yield (5.85 t ha-1) was obtained from 80% NPKS + 2 t ha-1 dhaincha (T2) treatment. The grain yield increased by 31.2 to 86.3% over control depending on the treatments. Treatments T1 and T2 resulted in higher N, P, K and S uptake by rice. The N, P, K and S concentrations of rice grain was higher for the treatments where Sesbania and cow dung were together applied in combination with NPKS fertilizers. The combined application of chemical fertilizers and organic manure increased organic carbon (OC), total N, available P, K and S contents in post-harvest soil. The overall results indicate that the integrated use of chemical fertilizer and organic manure can help increase grain yield of rice without deteriorating soil fertility.SAARC J. Agri., 15(1): 43-53 (2017)
Bioefficacy of different insecticides against blister beetle Mylabris phalerata (Pallas) on pigeonpea
Authors: Singh AK
Published: July 2017

The experiment was accomplished to evaluate the bioefficacy of different insecticides against Mylabris phalerata (Pallas) on pigeonpea. The experiment consisted of seven treatments viz., bifenthrin 62 g a.i. ha-1, lambda-cyhalothrin 24 g a.i. ha-1 (encapsulated with polymers; Matadore), chlorpyriphos 310 g a.i. ha-1+ cypermethrin 31 g a.i. ha-1, cypermethrin 62 g a.i. ha-1, neem oil 1500 ppm, permethrin 154 g a.i. ha-1, chloropyriphos 173 g a.i. ha-1 compared with untreated (control). The sixth day after each spray, minimum population abundance of M. phalerata and maximum percent efficacy in reducing their population was obtained from bifenthrin which was at par with lambda-cyhalothrin, cypermethrin, chlorpyriphos+ cypermethrin and permethrin and all these were significantly effective over chloropyriphos, neem oil and control plots. On the tenth day after each spray, minimum population abundance and highest per cent efficacy were obtained from bifenthrin which was at par with lambda-cyhalothrin and both these treatments were significantly superior over rest of the treatments. The maximum productivity was observed with bifenthrin, while highest net return per rupee investment was obtained from lambda-cyhalothrin treatment. The results explicitly show that out of all treatments, Lambda-cyhalothrin was effective and imposing lucrative against M. phalerata and thereby minimized the yield loss. Three sprays of lambda-cyhalothrin and bifenthrin with an interchange at ten days interval will be effectual and lucrative against M. phalerata in short duration pigeonpea crop.SAARC J. Agri., 15(1): 55-65 (2017)
Correlation and path coefficient analysis in advanced wheat genotypes
Authors: Ayer DK , Sharma A , Ojha BR , Paudel A , Dhakal K
Published: July 2017

A field experiment was conducted in alpha lattice design in subtropical region of Nepal in the wheat crop to determine the association between yield and yield attributing traits through correlation and path analysis. The result showed highly significant variations among the genotypes for all the traits under study. Simple correlation coefficients revealed that the association of grain yield with biological yield followed by harvest index, plant height, thousand grain weight and Area Under SPAD Retread Curve (AUSRC) at anthesis were positive and highly significant (at 1% level of significance). The positive and significant (at 5% level of significance) association of grains per spike followed by flag leaf area with grain yield was also found. Path analysis showed that biological yield and harvest index had the highest positive direct effect on grain yield. While other traits contribute to the grain yield significantly indirectly via biological yield and harvest index. This suggests that biological yield and harvest index having significant positive correlation and high direct effect on grain yield explained the true relationship and the direct selection of the genotypes through these traits is effective for improving yield potentiality.SAARC J. Agri., 15(1): 1-12 (2017)
Nutrient profile of Indian climbing perch, Anabas testudineus
Authors: Paul BN , Chanda S , Bhowmick S , Sridhar N , Saha GS , Giri SS
Published: July 2017

The proximate composition, fatty acid, amino acid and fat soluble vitamins of Indian climbing perch, Anabas testudineus, locally called Koi were assayed in relation to its body weight. The fish samples were collected from different geographical locations and were grouped as small (10-50g) and big (52-150g) sizes. The proximate composition, essential amino acid (EAA) and non-essential amino acid (NEAA) contents in Koi did not differ significantly between the groups. The monounsaturated fatty acid (MUFA) content was significantly (P<0.05) higher in bigger sized Koi. The polyunsaturated fatty acid (PUFA) content was 23.67±0.85 and 13.62±1.02 (%) respectively in the small and big sizes of Koi, while the docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) was significantly higher in small Koi. The vitamin A content was 85.77±0.35 and 93.90 ±1.34 (I.U./100g) respectively in small and big Koi. Vitamin D content was significantly higher in small Koi compared to big one. Vitamin E and K were significantly (P<0.05) higher in big Koi. The results indicated that Anabas testudineus is a good source of protein, fat, vitamins, amino acids and fatty acids.SAARC J. Agri., 15(1): 99-109 (2017)
Evaluation of existing slaughter act and way forward to its development in Bangladesh
Authors: Haque MR , Hashem MA , Akbar MA , Hossain MM
Published: July 2017

This study was undertaken for the evaluation of existing animal slaughter and meat quality control act 2011 and way forward to its development in Bangladesh. Published data, SWOT analyses, structured questionnaires survey, Focus Group Discussions (FGDs) and Key Informant Interviews (KIIs) were carried out for critical analyses and explore the different stakeholders views. The study was carried out in seven divisions of Bangladesh namely Dhaka, Chittagong, Rajshahi, Khulna, Sylhet, Barisal and Rangpur. Total 285 representative samples (covering all stakeholders like farmers, butchers, meat processors, ULO/VS/PDO) were interviewed. Four FGDs and 50 KIIs were administered with different stakeholders. Descriptive statistics like percentage, mean, ranks and Binary logistic regression and Z test were used for data analyses. Findings show that the authority is not functioning properly due to lack of action plan and monitoring cell. Lack of certification authority, sanitary and meat inspector visit, restricted day, pre-slaughter and post-slaughter examination is visible. Act should be updated time to time to address the field based need. The study reveals that to implement the slaughter act Department of Livestock Services (DLS) as authority should have action plan and monitoring cell.SAARC J. Agri., 15(1): 111-122 (2017)
Effects of plant growth regulators on growth and yield of pre-basic seed potato production under glasshouse condition
Authors: Bhattarai P
Published: July 2017

A glasshouse experiment was carried out to study the effect of Plant Growth Regulators (PGRs) on the production of pre-basic seed (PBS) potatoes, cv. Janakdev at Khumaltar, (1360 masl) Lalitpur, Nepal during autumn and spring seasons of 2014 and 2015 respectively. Four - week old virus free in vitro plantlets grown in tissue culture laboratory were planted with 20 cm distance between rows and 10 cm between plantlets under glasshouse in completely randomized design. Three growth regulators, paclobutrazol (50 ppm), daminozide (100 ppm), chlormequat chloride (Cycocel) (200 ppm) and simple water as control were used for single foliar spray 6 weeks after transplanting with four replications. Analysis showed that there were significant differences on growth parameters; plant survival, plant uniformity, plant height and yield components; number of minitubers per plant and per square meter in both the seasons. Significantly maximum number of potato minitubers was recorded in growth retardants treated plants as compared to control. Experimental results showed that maximum number of minituber (22.9/plant and 668.2/m2) in autumn and (23.7/plant and 1185.0/m2) in spring season were gained from paclobutrazole spray, which were statistically differed from those of other growth regulators and control. Plants without PGR and treated with daminozide produced the least amount of minituber per unit area. Plant height decreased in all growth regulators over control due to their inhibiting effect on growth of the plants. paclobutrazol significantly reduced plant height but produced larger and heavier minitubers compared to other treatments. Hence, the best PGR for optimum enhancement of minituber number and size was paclobutrazol. The results suggested that paclobutrazol could be used in pre-basic seed potato production, leading to maximum minituber production which ultimately gave higher returns. The study concluded that spraying growth retarding chemicals at grand growth stage checked the excessive vegetative growth and increased the number and size of minituber.SAARC J. Agri., 15(1): 149-160 (2017)
Intraspecific life history variation in contrasting habitats: Insights from an obligate symbiotic organism
Authors: Merinero Sonia , Aragón Gregorio , Martínez Isabel
Published: July 2017

PREMISE OF THE STUDY:

Life history theory predicts that plants in unfavorable habitats for juvenile growth and survival will commence reproduction at smaller sizes and exhibit higher reproductive allocations than those in favorable habitats. The scope of life history theory will increase if these predictions apply to a broad range of organisms. Populations of organisms in contrasting habitats may experience different demographic rates. Thus, we compared the demography and life history traits of a lichen species in contrasting habitats.

METHODS:

We compared the abundance, growth, mortality, and reproductive strategy (threshold size for reproduction and reproductive allometry) of epiphytic and saxicolous populations of the asexually reproducing lichenLobarina scrobiculatain two oak forests in central Spain.

KEY RESULTS:

The growth rates of saxicolous individuals were two times faster than those of epiphytic individuals. Epiphytic specimens exhibited a smaller threshold size for reproduction and a higher reproductive allocation than their saxicolous counterparts. The populations hosted by trees were two times larger than those on rocks (13,788 vs. 6629 individuals, respectively). The mortality rate did not vary between habitats.

CONCLUSIONS:

Our results demonstrate that contrasting habitats selected for differences in the demography and life history traits of a lichen species. Consistent with life history theory predictions, in the habitat with slower growth,L. scrobiculatastarted to reproduce at a smaller size and its reproductive allocation was higher. This study extends the scope of life history theory and improves our understanding of life history patterns and variations in overlooked taxa such as lichens.
Plastome sequences of an ancient fern lineage reveal remarkable changes in gene content and architecture
Authors: Labiak Paulo H. , Karol Kenneth G.
Published: July 2017

PREMISE OF THE STUDY:

Comparative analyses of plastid genomes have suggested that gene order and content are relatively stable across the main groups of land plants, with significant changes rarely reported. We examine plastome organization and RNA editing in ferns and report changes that add valuable information on plastome evolution in land plants.

METHODS:

Using next‐generation sequencing methods, we fully sequenced plastomes from three species of Schizaeaceae, and compared their plastomes with other groups of land plants to study changes in gene composition, plastome architecture, and putative RNA editing sites. We also performed maximum likelihood and Bayesian inference phylogenetic analyses using 46 plastid‐encoded genes, including 26 ferns, two gymnosperms, and five angiosperms.

KEY RESULTS:

Within Schizaeaceae, plastomes were similar to each other in gene content and architecture. Striking changes compared with other ferns include the complete loss of ndh genes and reduction of the small single copy. Putative RNA editing was identified in all three plastomes, a characteristic that is shared with other fern groups. The monophyly of Schizaeales and Schizaeaceae was confirmed.

CONCLUSIONS:

The plastomes of Schizaea are the smallest reported for a fern so far. The loss of the ndh gene suite is associated with the reduction of the small single copy, instead of the inverted repeat as noted for other groups of plants. Putative C‐to‐U and U‐to‐C transitions were observed in several instances in the three plastomes, suggesting that posttranscriptional modification of RNA is likely a common phenomenon in this clade as well.
Barthes et l’affaire des « Nouveaux philosophes »
Authors: Coste Claude
Published: July 2017

Barthes a-t-il apporté son soutien aux Nouveaux philosophes et à Bernard-Henri Lévy en particulier, malgré l’opposition de Deleuze et d’une partie de la classe intellectuelle ? Cette affaire permet à Barthes, dans les années 1970, de revenir sur sa relation au marxisme, au léninisme et à l’idée de révolution. En réagissant face à un événement aussi insaisissable que la révolution iranienne de 1979, il défend une forme exigeante de démocratie qui équilibre individualisme et sociabilité.
« L’histoire ne pourra jamais marcher contre l’histoire ». Roland Barthes et l’antistalinisme, 1946-1953
Authors: Stafford Andy
Published: July 2017

Depuis son rejet du « réalisme socialiste » dans Le Degré zéro de l’écriture jusqu’à ses critiques de la science dans les pays soviétiques, la pensée politique de Barthes de l’après-guerre témoigne de l’influence constante de son ami trotskiste Georges Fournié qui l’initia au marxisme en 1946, un an avant son séjour à Bucarest. Mesurer cette influence permet de réévaluer son rapport au stalinisme. Infléchi par son association avec Maurice Nadeau, son marxisme trotskisant, démarqué de la pensée de Jean-Paul Sartre, reflète la faiblesse de « l’Opposition de gauche » durant la Guerre Froide.
Le fascisme de la langue
Authors: Noghrehchi Hessam
Published: July 2017

De nombreuses critiques ont été adressées à la phrase par laquelle dans sa leçon inaugurale au Collège de France Barthes accuse la langue du « fascisme ». Cet article propose deux lectures parallèles de cette phrase : dans le contexte des réponses de Barthes à Pasolini à propos du fascisme et aussi en considérant généralement l’idée de résistance et d’engagement selon Barthes. Les deux perspectives de lecture se croisent et permettent de voir dans cette phrase une dernière mise au point de l’idée de la « responsabilité de la forme » qui traverse toute son œuvre comme une préoccupation primordiale.
Présences de Barthes en Hongrie
Authors: Angyalosi Gergely
Published: July 2017

Cet article décrit différentes formes de la « présence » de Barthes en Hongrie, depuis son bref séjour comme « lecteur d’été » en 1937 jusqu’à la publication en hongrois de ses œuvres à partir des années 1970. La réception de Barthes est grandement éclairée par la connaissance des débats autour du structuralisme qui ont eu lieu en Hongrie entre 1968 et la période de la répression du Nouveau mécanisme économique. Aujourd’hui, sa présence intellectuelle y est bien attestée pour les spécialistes de sciences humaines autant que pour un public plus large.
Roland Barthes et l’« image d’auteur » : écrits posthumes et hommages amicaux
Authors: Amossy Ruth
Published: July 2017

Après avoir proclamé la mort de l’auteur, Barthes insistait sur le besoin qu’éprouve le lecteur de sa « figure ». Pour saisir les effets de ce paradoxe, cet article explore les images de soi que projettent, d’une part, Les Carnets du voyage en Chine et le Journal de deuil , et d’autre part les hommages des proches qui entendent dévoiler l’homme réel. Il s’agit de tenter de saisir les modalités selon lesquelles se tisse une image de soi « spontanée » ou apprêtée par les intimes, autant de constructions verbales qui contribuent à la mythification d’une image d’intellectuel des années.
Les légendes de Barthes
Authors: Messager Mathieu
Published: July 2017

Dans son ultime séminaire au Collège de France consacré aux photographies du « monde proustien », Barthes fait le vœu d’engager une parole de l’à-côté, presque buissonnière, qui ne ferait que légender les images aimées sans les grever du poids de la théorie. Cet article retraverse les légendes photographiques de l’œuvre de Barthes, depuis le Michelet jusqu’à La Chambre claire . Il tâche de rendre compte d’une forme gratuite de l’écriture du critique, jamais considérée comme telle en raison même de sa position décrochée. Or, c’est précisément en raison de cette tenue périphérique, inscrite dans la marge d’une pratique d’amateur et comme li bérée, qu’on peut y lire la trace certaine d’un investissement poétique.
Écriture du portrait de libertin et individuation du personnage dans le roman sadien
Authors: Hersant Marc
Published: July 2017

La critique a souvent envisagé le libertin sadien de manière monolithique. Or, dès la galerie de portraits du prologue des 120 Journées de Sodome , de manière plus manifeste encore dans Juliette , et jusque dans les romans de Charenton, un effort apparaît pour singulariser les différents personnages de libertins dans les portraits, avec en particulier un jeu de comparaison et d’opposition entre eux qui apparaît comme une constante de l’écriture sadienne. Ce « jeu » de singularisation est limité, car Sade ne se soucie guère de réalisme psychologique et ne cherche pas à fabriquer des caractères. Ces oppositions peuvent même paraître factices et, mis en action, tous ces personnages semblent faire à peu près la même chose – le pire. L’œuvre de Sade, alors même qu’elle se réalise presque entièrement dans les genres romanesques disponibles à son époque, semble dans cette perspective réfractaire à tout « roman ».
Figurer la violence. Portraits d’assassins dans le roman balzacien
Authors: Bentolila-Fanon Lauren
Published: July 2017

Cet article tend à démontrer que la sémiologie du crime ouvre, chez Balzac, sur une physiologie de l’énergie. La force hyperbolique qui caractérise le criminel informe en effet son corps et se manifeste en une multitude de signes au fondement d’une configuration de l’acte sanglant qui superpose image et violence, plasticité et potentialité, trait et coup. Or cette imagerie de la brutalité galvanisée naît à la croisée du discours médical contemporain et d’un imaginaire propre à l’auteur : entremêlant la théorie des tempéraments et tout un réseau métaphorique de l’éruption et de l’explosion, le portrait du criminel insiste sur la compacité d’un corps bouleversé par des muscles tendus et des nerfs saillants dans lequel s’inscrit une physique de la violence .
Baudelaire, portraitiste et théoricien du portrait
Authors: Schellino Andrea
Published: July 2017

Dans cet article, j’étudie la théorie du portrait développée par Baudelaire, de son Salon de 1846 à ses derniers écrits, ainsi que la place et le rôle du portrait dans sa poésie. Préoccupé par le succès de la photographie et donc de la représentation mimétique, Baudelaire défend une conception du portrait où la fidélité – physique et morale – au modèle laisse une part décisive à l’imagination. L’interrogation posée à l’art par le portrait, dans une époque où l’image prolifère, est placée par Baudelaire au cœur de sa poésie. Il y sert de relais à l’allégorie. Finalement, avec Mon cœur mis à nu , le poète décline le portrait sous une ultime forme : celle de l’invective.
Statues ou silhouettes ? Portraits de l’artiste en grand homme à l’aube de la Troisième République
Authors: Gaboriaud Marie
Published: July 2017

Le romantisme avait déjà suggéré pour l’artiste non seulement une place à part dans la société, mais aussi une responsabilité collective. Rien d’étonnant, dès lors, à ce que la République naissante, à partir de 1870, choisisse pour son panthéon des grands hommes des figures d’artistes. L’une des voies de diffusion de ce panthéon est le genre du portrait, qui se déploie surtout dans un cadre non romanesque et non fictionnel. Cependant, la forme particulière du « portrait », brève, enlevée, polymorphe, sujette à toutes les déformations et qui prend souvent le nom de « Silhouette », s’accommode mal du projet pédagogique de canonisation républicaine, dont la forme favorite est la statue, et sa traduction littéraire : la monographie. L’article s’attache à mettre en lumière ce problème, et les stratégies de détournement mises en œuvre par les portraitistes.
Ressemblance et identité : Théophile Silvestre et l’art du portrait d’après nature
Authors: Zanetta Julien
Published: July 2017

Jugeant qu’assez de « légendes » avaient été publiées sur le compte des peintres de la tradition, Théophile Silvestre s’attelle, dès 1853, à un ambitieux projet : il entreprend d’écrire une histoire des « artistes vivants » dont il fait réaliser le portrait photographique, qu’il complète d’un portrait littéraire saisi « d’après nature ». La démarche de Silvestre, au croisement de la critique d’art, de la littérature et du journalisme, se distingue par sa radicalité de ton et sa volonté de restituer avec « autant de fidélité que d’indépendance » les personnalités de peintres si diverses. Il s’agit de comprendre comment la sincérité, qui caractérise son approche, s’élabore en faisant usage d’une ironie virulente censée doubler la « dureté » et la « rigueur » de l’image photographique. Un tel projet ne peut s’accomplir sans certaines contradictions, voire certains paradoxes.
« Portraits of Royal Children » : la reine Victoria et les débuts de la photographie de famille (1845-1860)
Authors: de Chivré Sophie
Published: July 2017

Victoria, reine du Royaume-Uni entre 1837 et 1901, a manifesté très tôt son intérêt pour la photographie, inventée à la fin des années 1830. Alors que la souveraine et son époux soutiennent ce médium naissant, ce n’est qu’en 1860 que les premières photographies de la famille royale sont diffusées publiquement. Entre-temps, parents et enfants se prêtent au jeu du portrait photographique, comme l’attestent les albums intitulés « Portraits of Royal Children », dont les 44 volumes parcourent les années 1848 à 1899 : cet article porte sur ces photographies de famille et plus particulièrement sur celles représentant la reine accompagnée de ses enfants jusqu’en 1860. L’un des enjeux est de comprendre comment le passage du portrait peint au portrait photographique, essentiellement intime à cette époque, a entraîné une rupture dans la représentation de la souveraine en tant que mère de famille.
L’écrivain néo-latin n’est-il qu’un couseur de centons ? Réponse de Jean Dominique Fuss à Boileau et à Voltaire
Authors: Bertiau Christophe
Published: July 2017

Encore pratiquée au xix e siècle, la littérature néo-latine souffre désormais d’un défaut de légitimité. L’une des raisons de cette perte de crédit réside dans l’émergence d’une conception nouvelle de la langue, qui devient indissociable du peuple qui la parle. Jean Dominique Fuss, poète latin tardif, se bat pour défendre sa langue première d’écriture. Parmi ses cibles, on trouve Nicolas Boileau et Voltaire. Ceux-ci placent l’écrivain néo-latin face à une alternative bien peu réjouissante : bricoler un texte nouveau à partir de morceaux des textes anciens ou renoncer à écrire correctement. Pour revaloriser la production néo-latine, Fuss s’emploie à démontrer, d’une part, que toute langue littéraire est une langue « morte », d’autre part, que l’imitation des Anciens n’empêche en rien l’originalité.
Control of Regulatory T Cell Differentiation by the Transcription Factors Thpok and LRF
Authors: Carpenter Andrea C. , Wohlfert Elizabeth , Chopp Laura B. , Vacchio Melanie S. , Nie Jia , Zhao Yongmei , Shetty Jyoti , Xiao Qi , Deng Callie , Tran Bao , Cam Margaret , Gaida Matthias M. , Belkaid Yasmine , Bosselut Rémy
Published: July 2017

The CD4+ lineage–specific transcription factor Thpok is required for intrathymic CD4+ T cell differentiation and, together with its homolog LRF, supports CD4+ T cell helper effector responses. However, it is not known whether these factors are needed for the regulatory T cell (Treg) arm of MHC class II responses. In this study, by inactivating in mice the genes encoding both factors in differentiated Tregs, we show that Thpok and LRF are redundantly required to maintain the size and functions of the postthymic Treg pool. They support IL-2–mediated gene expression and the functions of the Treg-specific factor Foxp3. Accordingly, Treg-specific disruption of Thpok and Lrf causes a lethal inflammatory syndrome similar to that resulting from Treg deficiency. Unlike in conventional T cells, Thpok and LRF functions in Tregs are not mediated by their repression of the transcription factor Runx3. Additionally, we found that Thpok is needed for the differentiation of thymic Treg precursors, an observation in line with the fact that Foxp3+ Tregs are CD4+ cells. Thus, a common Thpok-LRF node supports both helper and regulatory arms of MHC class II responses.
Autoimmunity to Vimentin Is Associated with Outcomes of Patients with Idiopathic Pulmonary Fibrosis
Authors: Li Fu Jun , Surolia Ranu , Li Huashi , Wang Zheng , Kulkarni Tejaswini , Liu Gang , de Andrade Joao A. , Kass Daniel J. , Thannickal Victor J. , Duncan Steven R. , Antony Veena B.
Published: July 2017

Autoimmunity has been implicated in the pathogenesis of idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF); however, the repertoire of autoantigens involved in this disease and the clinical relevance of these autoimmune responses are still being explored. Our initial discovery assays demonstrated that circulating and intrapulmonary vimentin levels are increased in IPF patients. Subsequent studies showed native vimentin induced HLA-DR–dependent in vitro proliferation of CD4 T cells from IPF patients and enhanced the production of IL-4, IL-17, and TGF-β1 by these lymphocytes in contrast to normal control specimens. Vimentin supplementation of IPF PBMC cultures also resulted in HLA-DR–dependent production of IgG with anti-vimentin specificities. Circulating anti-vimentin IgG autoantibody levels were much greater in IPF subjects from the University of Alabama at Birmingham (n = 102) and the University of Pittsburgh (U. Pitt., n = 70) than in normal controls. Anti-vimentin autoantibody levels in IPF patients were HLA biased and inversely correlated with physiological measurements of lung function (i.e., forced expiratory volumes and diffusing capacities). Despite considerable intergroup differences in transplant-free survival between these two independent IPF cohorts, serious adverse outcomes were most frequent among the patients within each population that had the highest anti-vimentin autoantibody levels (University of Alabama at Birmingham: hazard ratio 2.5, 95% confidence interval 1.2–5.3, p = 0.012; University of Pittsburgh: hazard ratio 2.7, 95% confidence interval 1.3–5.5, p = 0.006). These data show that anti-vimentin autoreactivity is prevalent in IPF patients and is strongly associated with disease manifestations. These findings have implications with regard to the pathogenesis of this enigmatic disease and raise the possibility that therapies specifically directed at these autoimmune processes could have therapeutic efficacy.
Nitric Oxide Modulates Macrophage Responses to Mycobacterium tuberculosis Infection through Activation of HIF-1α and Repression of NF-κB
Authors: Braverman Jonathan , Stanley Sarah A.
Published: July 2017

IFN-γ is essential for control of Mycobacterium tuberculosis infection in vitro and in vivo. However, the mechanisms by which IFN-γ controls infection remain only partially understood. One of the crucial IFN-γ target genes required for control of M. tuberculosis is inducible NO synthase (iNOS). Although NO produced by iNOS is thought to have direct bactericidal activity against M. tuberculosis, the role of NO as a signaling molecule has been poorly characterized in the context M. tuberculosis infection. In this study, we found that iNOS broadly regulates the macrophage transcriptome during M. tuberculosis infection, activating antimicrobial pathways while also limiting inflammatory cytokine production. The transcription factor hypoxia inducible factor-1α (HIF-1α) was recently shown to be critical for IFN-γ–mediated control of M. tuberculosis infection. We found that HIF-1α function requires NO production, and that HIF-1α and iNOS are linked by a positive feedback loop that amplifies macrophage activation. Furthermore, we found that NO inhibits NF-κB activity to prevent hyperinflammatory responses. Thus, NO activates robust microbicidal programs while also limiting damaging inflammation. IFN-γ signaling must carefully calibrate an effective immune response that does not cause excessive tissue damage, and this study identifies NO as a key player in establishing this balance during M. tuberculosis infection.
Adaptive from Innate: Human IFN-γ+CD4+ T Cells Can Arise Directly from CXCL8-Producing Recent Thymic Emigrants in Babies and Adults
Authors: Das Abhishek , Rouault-Pierre Kevin , Kamdar Shraddha , Gomez-Tourino Iria , Wood Kristie , Donaldson Ian , Mein Charles A. , Bonnet Dominique , Hayday Adrian C. , Gibbons Deena L.
Published: July 2017

We recently demonstrated that the major effector function of neonatal CD4+ T cells is to produce CXCL8, a prototypic cytokine of innate immune cells. In this article, we show that CXCL8 expression, prior to proliferation, is common in newly arising T cells (so-called “recent thymic emigrants”) in adults, as well as in babies. This effector potential is acquired in the human thymus, prior to TCR signaling, but rather than describing end-stage differentiation, such cells, whether isolated from neonates or adults, can further differentiate into IFN-γ–producing CD4+ T cells. Thus, the temporal transition of host defense from innate to adaptive immunity is unexpectedly mirrored at the cellular level by the capacity of human innate-like CXCL8-producing CD4+ T cells to transition directly into Th1 cells.
Assessing Progression of Keratoconus and Cross-linking Efficacy: The Belin ABCD Progression Display
Authors: Belin Michael W , Meyer Jay J , Duncan Josh K , Gelman Rachel , Borgstrom Mark
Published: July 2017

Several methods have been described to both evaluate and document progression in keratoconus and to show efficacy of cross-linking, however, there are no consistent generally accepted parameters. Modern corneal tomography, including both anterior and posterior elevation and pachymetric data can be used to screen for ectatic progression, be employed to detect earlier change and additionally to show efficacy of new treatment modalities, such as crosslinking.

To describe specific quantitative values that can be used as progression and efficacy determinants, the normal noise measurements of the three parameters used in the ABCD keratoconus classification (corneal thickness at the thinnest point, anterior and posterior radius of curvature taken from the 3.0 mm optical zone centered on the thinnest point), were determined. Values were obtained from both a normal population and a known keratoconic population. The 80 and 95% one-sided confidence intervals for all three parameters were surprisingly small, suggesting that they may perform well as progression and efficacy determinants.

How to cite this article

Belin MW, Meyer JJ, Duncan JK, Gelman R, Borgstrom M, Ambrósio Jr R. Assessing Progression of Keratoconus and Cross-linking Efficacy: The Belin ABCD Progression Display. Int J Kerat Ect Cor Dis 2017;6(1):1-10.
Two Years’ Experience in Keratoconus Treatment using Collagen Cross-linking
Authors: Dementiev Dimitrii , Sysoeva Maria , Shipunova Anna
Published: July 2017

Purpose

To evaluate safety, efficacy, and stability of cross-linking (CLX) procedure as a method for keratoconus treatment in the I and II stage of disease.

Materials and methods

Twenty eyes of 15 patients (13 males, 2 females, average age 31 years) with keratoconus I stage (13 eyes) and II stage (2 eyes) (by Krumeich classi­fication) were treated by CLX procedure, using riboflavin Medio Cross for standard CLX); riboflavin Medio Cross TE for transepithelial CLX was used to treat keratectasia after previous keratorefractive surgery; in all the cases UV CBM X linker (Vega, CSO) was used. The study included evaluation of uncorrected visual acuity (UCVA), best-corrected visual acuity (BCVA) pre- and postoperative, pachymetry (central cornea thickness) (Visante OCT, Zeiss) pre- and postoperative, total astigmatism pre- and postoperative, using keratotopography (Atlas, Zeiss). Diagnosis and analysis have been performed at the International Center for Ophthalmology in Moscow, Russian ­Federation, since 2012 to 2014 years. Follow-up period was from 1 to 24 months.

Results

Average UCVA preoperative was 0.4 (Decimal), and average BCVA was 0.64. Average UCVA postoperative was 0.49; average BCVA was 0.66. Total astigmatism preoperative was 2.81 D; total astigmatism postoperative 2.80 D. Central cornea thickness (CCT) preoperative 454 mkm; CCT post­operative 447 mkm.

Conclusion

Cross-linking indicated safety, stability, and efficacy for treatment of I and II stage keratoconus at the end of follow-up period. Cross-linking is not effective in the treatment of II and III stage of disease. Further study is required.

How to cite this article

Dementiev D, Sysoeva M, Shipunova A. Two Years’ Experience in Keratoconus Treatment using Collagen Cross-linking. Int J Kerat Ect Cor Dis 2017;6(1):11-13.
Enhanced Screening for Ectasia Risk prior to Laser Vision Correction
Authors: Belin Michael W , Ambrósio Renato
Published: July 2017

Aim

To prospectively review current understanding and future trends of screening for keratectasia risk prior refractive laser vision correction (LVC).

Background

Progressive keratectasia is an uncommon but severe complication of LVC. Preoperative ectatic corneal disease is the most important risk factor. Screening for subclinical ectasia relies on proper interpretation of advanced diagnostic technologies, including front surface corneal topography, three-dimensional tomography, and biomechanical assessments.

Studies involving eyes with normal and stable corneas, compared to eyes with frank ectatic diseases and to eyes with normal topography from patients with very asymmetric ectasia, allow for developing advanced methods and testing its sensitivity. However, the ideal study populations for testing the sensitivity and specificity of ectasia risk assessments are respectively the preoperative of cases that developed ectasia and the ones with stable outcomes after LVC. Young age and low thickness are surrogates of corneal biomechanics, which may be replaced as risk factors by direct measurements. Keratectasia may also occur due to the surgical impact on corneal structure or due to significant trauma postoperatively. Percentage tissue altered higher than 40% is a more sensitive para­meter than a fixed value for minimal residual stromal bed of 250 µm. However, the biomechanical impact from surgery is related to the region and number of lamellae that are severed, so that flap thickness and geometry should play a more relevant role, which is in agreement with finite element simulations. Arti­ficial intelligence methods allow for combining parameters, which significantly enhance the accuracy for detecting ectasia risk.

Conclusion

An enhanced screening approach for preventing keratectasia should consider both preoperative patient-related data and procedure-related parameters to individually characterize ectasia susceptibility or predisposition.

Clinical Significance

Keratectasia is an uncommon, however, severe complication of LVC. Although prevention is the best strategy, an individualized enhanced ectasia screening approach for ectasia risk assessment prior to LVC procedures should integrate patient-related (individual ectasia susceptibility) and procedure-related parameters (biomechanical impact).

How to cite this article

Ambrósio Jr R, Belin MW. Enhanced Screening for Ectasia Risk prior to Laser Vision Correction. Int J Kerat Ect Cor Dis 2017;6(1):23-33.
Water Soluble Tetrazolium Salt-11 as an Alternative to Riboflavin for Corneal Collagen Cross-linking for the Treatment of Keratoconus
Authors: Barbara Adel , Barbara Ramez , Abbas Sajjad
Published: July 2017

Corneal collagen cross-linking (CXL) is effective in halting progression of keratoconus, nevertheless, it is not without its drawbacks. Water soluble tetrazolium salt (WST) that generates superoxide and hydroxyl radicals following near-infrared (NIR) illumination result in a three-fold increase in corneal stiffness. This seems to be comparable to riboflavin/ultraviolet A (UVA)-mediated cross-linking. Moreover, WST is able to pene­trate faster and deep into the cornea while offering protection to endothelial cells and reducing corneal keratocyte loss in the posterior cornea. Early studies suggest good safety and efficacy profile when tested on rabbit eyes in vivo and ex vivo.

How to cite this article

Abbas S, Barbara R, Barbara A. Water Soluble Tetrazolium Salt-11 as an Alternative to Riboflavin for Corneal Collagen Cross-linking for the Treatment of Keratoconus. Int J Kerat Ect Cor Dis 2017;6(1):42-44.
Anemia in Adolescence
Authors: Bindra Vimee
Published: July 2017

Adolescent anemia is a global health problem. Prevalence of anemia in girls in India is estimated to be around 56%. Various risk groups are prone to anemia and it leads to long-term consequences. Government has launched national programs to fight adolescent anemia by identifying high-risk groups, supplementing with iron and folic acid tablets and raising awareness about the nutritional anemia.

How to cite this article

Bindra V. Anemia in Adolescence. World J Anemia 2017;1(1):18-19.
Intravenous Iron Sucrose
Authors: Gautham KS Kavitha
Published: July 2017

Iron deficiency is a major worldwide health problem. There is recent evidence that anemia is the last manifestation of the syndrome. Advances in outlining the physiology of iron deficiency have been made; gaps remain in the current understanding. While oral iron supplement remains the mainstay, some indications for intravenous (IV) administration have developed. In this review, we will highlight the indications and prerequisites of IV iron therapy, dosage, safety, and method of administration.

How to cite this article

Gautham KSK. Intravenous Iron Sucrose. World J Anemia 2017;1(1):20-22.
Comparison of Various Treatment Modalities of Iron Deficiency Anemia in Pregnancy
Authors: Nanjundan Pramya
Published: July 2017

More than a quarter of the world’s population is anemic, with about one half of the burden from iron deficiency. Iron deficiency anemia occurs when iron deficiency is severe enough to diminish erythropoiesis and cause the development of anemia. The prevention and treatment of iron deficiency is a major public health goal especially in women, children, and individuals from low-income countries.

How to cite this article

Nanjundan P. Comparison of Various Treatment Modalities of Iron Deficiency Anemia in Pregnancy. World J Anemia 2017;1(1):23-26.
Fetal Intrauterine Transfusion
Authors: Indersen Amitha
Published: July 2017

Fetal anemia is a recognizable and treatable condition. It requires identification of the etiology to plan a comprehensive treatment strategy. Fetal blood transfusions help tide over crisis and avert fetal cardiovascular decompensation or deterioration due to the anemia. Based on the cause and the fetal condition, the timing and requirement for transfusion are determined. At present, noninvasive monitoring with fetal middle cerebral arterial Doppler peak systolic velocity is the standard for monitoring and diagnosis of fetal anemia.

How to cite this article

Indersen A. Fetal Intrauterine Transfusion. World J Anemia 2017;1(1):27-29.
Spontaneous Gesturing in the EFL Classroom and its Impact on Interaction and Learning: A Case Study
Authors: H AlGhamdi Haifa , M A Alghamdi Fatimah
Published: July 2017

The purpose of this study is to explore the effect of English as a Foreign Language (EFL) teachers’ spontaneous use of non-verbal gesture cues in classroom atmosphere and in teaching and learning English vocabulary at college, EFL Saudi context. Two groups consisting of thirty-nine female students, who are studying in their preparatory year at a major Saudi university, and two female EFL teachers participated in the study. For one session each, the two groups were observed by one of the researchers and an independent observer. Each of the two groups’ teachers was observed while teaching her subject matter to students where the students had to learn a list of new English vocabulary items. Qualitative data from the classroom observation sessions were gathered to identify possible differences in nonverbal behavior and to explore its effect on classroom interaction and general atmosphere. Quantitative data, on the other hand, was gathered through vocabulary tests to find out if different EFL teachers’ nonverbal conduct will impact vocabulary learning. The findings of the study revealed that gesture has a positive impact on classroom interaction. Moreover, gesture has a significant impact on the EFL students’ vocabulary retention. Based on the data anlysis and findings of this study, several implications are made on the topic of gesture and its impact on language learning and classroom interaction for further research and classroom practices.
Human Resource Management in State and Local Government in the United States: Avoiding Liability for Discrimination Under Title 42 U.S.C. § 1983
Authors: Sample John A.
Published: July 2017

AbstractThe purpose of this review is to summarize Title 42 U.S.C. §1983, sometimes known as the “other” or “original” federal discrimination law in the United States that applies to elected officials, their appointed public administrators, and other employees in state and local governments. This federal statute provides a procedural process that allows a person to bring a private right of action to seek redress when just laws and policies are administered unjustly by state and local governmental entities. A hypothetical set of facts from a municipal setting is used to explore a typical Title 42 U.S.C. § 1983 proceeding. Included in the review are typical defenses and immunities that make these proceedings for both the complaining party and the political entity complex, if not paradoxical. Strategies to prevent such claims are also discussed.Key words:Title 42 U.S.C. §1983, state and local government, employment discrimination, defenses and immunities.