bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Reações públicas no Twitter às estratégias do Sleeping Giants Brasil para desmonetizar sites que promovem desinformação e discursos de ódio
Authors: Cavalcante Diogo , Paganotti Ivan
Published: September 2023

O artigo analisa as respostas de usuários na rede social do Twitter ao perfil Sleeping Giants Brasil, movimento que promove denúncias de anunciantes e plataformas de financiamento direto de sites que disseminam conteúdos falsos ou discriminatórios. A partir de classificação das postagens entre mensagens de cobrança ou ameaças de boicote sobre financiadores de fake news e hate speech, além de postagens que explicam as ações de desmonetização, a pesquisa constrói tipologia de reações do público a favor das campanhas, ou com comentários críticos que questionam os métodos ou os objetivos da desmonetização, criticada por ser forma indireta de censura ou perseguição ideológica.
A Supersequência Bauru no Paraná, revisão cartográfica e cronoestratigráfica
Authors: Fernandes Luiz Alberto , Tcacenco-Manzano Liliane Maia
Published: September 2023

A Supersequência Bauru (Cenomaniano-Maastrichtiano) é representada no noroeste do Paraná, quase que exclusivamente, por duas formações do Grupo Caiuá: Rio Paraná e Goio Erê. As formações Santo Anastácio (Grupo Caiuá) e Vale do Rio do Peixe (Grupo Bauru) ali ocorrem em área relativamente menor. No estado, a supersequência corresponde a depósitos de trato de sistemas deposicionais eólicos, do antigo Deserto Caiuá. Apresenta-se aqui o traçado refinado do contato entre as formações Rio Paraná e Goio Erê, decorrente de contribuição dos autores ao novo mapa geológico do Paraná. O mapa foi elaborado pelo Serviço Geológico do Brasil (SGB-CPRM), em cooperação com a Universidade Federal do Paraná (UFPR) e o Instituto Água e Terra. O artigo traz síntese da evolução do conhecimento e da cartografia da Supersequência Bauru, incluindo atualização cronoestratigráfica. Essa última feita com base em novos dados paleontológicos de vertebrados encontrados no noroeste do Paraná, palinológicos e geocronológicos absolutos de magmatismo alcalino contemporâneo à sedimentação; e correlações com a Bacia de Santos. Ao final é apresentado um roteiro de geossítios representativos das unidades litoestratigráficas, estruturas sedimentares e sítios paleontológicos relevantes.
Apontamentos teóricos para uma história LGBTQIA+: uma saída queer para a polêmica essencialismo/construcionismo
Authors: Rocha Cássio Bruno de Araujo
Published: September 2023

O artigo apresenta uma proposta para uma história LGBTQIA+ que consiga escapar à polêmica entre a concepção essencialista e a construcionista da sexualidade. Para tanto, o texto recapitula pressupostos, conceitos, limites e contradições de cada corrente, detalhando os tipos de história que suscitam. A seguir, apresenta uma alternativa historiográfica queer cujo centro é a desconstrução do binário heterossexualidade/homossexualidade, denunciando como o essencialismo e o construcionismo atuam para sustentar o binarismo sexual e de gênero. Por fim, o texto se interroga sobre o valor heurístico do anacronismo inerente à abordagem proposta, problematizando como algumas categorias passadas do homoerotismo podem permanecer como uma presença não resolvida e incoerente em dado presente histórico.
Salt Sensitivity: Causes, Consequences, and Recent Advances
Authors: Bailey Matthew A. , Dhaun Neeraj
Published: September 2023

Salt (sodium chloride) is an essential nutrient required to maintain physiological functions. However, for most people, daily salt intake far exceeds their physiological need and is habitually greater than recommended upper thresholds. Excess salt intake leads to elevation in blood pressure which drives cardiovascular morbidity and mortality. Indeed, excessive salt intake is estimated to be responsible for ≈5 million deaths per year globally. For approximately one-third of otherwise healthy individuals (and >50% of those with hypertension), the effect of salt intake on blood pressure elevation is exaggerated; such people are categorized as salt sensitive and salt sensitivity of blood pressure is considered an independent risk factor for cardiovascular disease and death. The prevalence of salt sensitivity is higher in women than in men and, in both, increases with age. This narrative review considers the foundational concepts of salt sensitivity and the underlying effector systems that cause salt sensitivity. We also consider recent updates in preclinical and clinical research that are revealing new modifying factors that determine the blood pressure response to high salt intake.
Vagus Nerve Stimulation and Inflammation in Cardiovascular Disease: A State‐of‐the‐Art Review
Authors: Bazoukis George , Stavrakis Stavros , Armoundas Antonis A.
Published: September 2023

Vagus nerve stimulation (VNS) has been found to exert anti‐inflammatory effects in different clinical settings and has been associated with improvement of clinical outcomes. However, evidence on the mechanistic link between the potential association of inflammatory status with clinical outcomes following VNS is scarce. This review aims to summarize the existing knowledge linking VNS with inflammation and its potential link with major outcomes in cardiovascular diseases, in both preclinical and clinical studies. Existing data show that in the setting of myocardial ischemia and reperfusion, VNS seems to reduce inflammation resulting in reduced infarct size and reduced incidence of ventricular arrhythmias during reperfusion. Furthermore, VNS has a protective role in vascular function following myocardial ischemia and reperfusion. Atrial fibrillation burden has also been reduced by VNS, whereas suppression of inflammation may be a potential mechanism for this effect. In the setting of heart failure, VNS was found to improve systolic function and reverse cardiac remodeling. In summary, existing experimental data show a reduction in inflammatory markers by VNS, which may cause improved clinical outcomes in cardiovascular diseases. However, more data are needed to evaluate the association between the inflammatory status with the clinical outcomes following VNS.
Globalization, Foreign Direct Investment, and Climate Change
Authors: Mejia Steven A.
Published: September 2023

There has been a dramatic increase in the long-term accumulation of foreign direct investment (FDI) in less-developed countries from 1980–2018. Scholars argue that these processes have harmful effects on climate change-inducing emissions. Here, the author argues that such expansions have beneficial impacts. He empirically evaluates such theorization using fixed effects (FE) panel regression models. Results provide support for his view. These results suggest that the long-term accumulation of foreign direct investment in less-developed countries has beneficial implications for the scale, intensity, and ecoefficiency of carbon dioxide emissions.
Footprints: A Digital Approach to (Jewish) Book History
Authors: Margolis Michelle , Lehman Marjorie , Shear Adam , Teplitsky Joshua
Published: September 2023

This article describes and analyzes the methods of Footprints: Jewish Books Through Time and Place, a digital humanities contribution to book history. Footprints collects and aggregates information about the movement of copies of Hebrew books and books of Judaica in other languages printed in the early modern period (roughly corresponding to the hand-press era) and follows evidence of their movement into the twenty-first century. It stores this information in a relational database in which users can run specific queries and delivers the results in a number of visual representations for analysis and interpretation. Footprints undertakes two concurrent and more open-ended aims: (1) the on-going assemblage of a dataset about post-print mobility based on evidence other than the printed text (e.g. marginalia, catalog records, archival letters, other printed texts); and (2) the creation and iterative refining of a scholarly instrument to analyze the dataset through computational methods and modes of representation.
A revision of Coccothrinax, Hemithrinax, Leucothrinax, Thrinax, and Zombia (Arecaceae)
Authors: HENDERSON ANDREW
Published: September 2023

A revision of Coccothrinax, Hemithrinax, Leucothrinax, Thrinax, and Zombia was carried out based on morphological data taken from herbarium specimens. One thousand, two hundred and twenty-five specimens representing 69 preliminary species were measured for 15 quantitative variables and scored for 22 qualitative variables. Application of the Phylogenetic Species Concept resulted in recognition of 47 phylogenetic species—39 Coccothrinax, three Hemithrinax, one Leucothrinax, three Thrinax, and one Zombia. Nomenclature, descriptions, and distribution maps are provided for all species, as well as notes on distribution, habitat, taxonomy, and subspecific variation. Images of 32 species are provided.
Click beetles (Coleoptera: Elateridae) of Khuzestan province (Iran): with three new species, Craspedostethus izehensis sp.n., Dicronychus khuzestanicus sp. n. and Gurjevelater catei sp. n.
Authors: NASSERZADEH HIVA , PLATIA GIUSEPPE , SERRI SAYEH
Published: September 2023

More than 730 specimens of Elateridae were collected in Khuzestan province. Thirty three species belonging to 18 genera and five subfamilies are listed. Three new species, Craspedostethus izehensis sp. n., Dicronychus khuzestanicus sp. n., Gurjevelater catei sp. n. are described, along with the female of Aeoloides iranicus Platia & Gudenzi, 2002. Dicronychus houschkai Platia, 2011 is recorded as a new species to Iran. A distributional map and climate data for each species, along with photographs of habitus and genitalia of eight species are presented.
1. Een fundament voor de bio-ethiek: Van Rensselaer Potters nalatenschap
Authors: Hens Kristien
Published: September 2023

In dit hoofdstuk beschrijf ik de gedachten van een van de eersten die het woord bio-ethiek gebruikte: Van Rensselaer Potter. Ik beargumenteer dat we van zijn ideeën kunnen leren om bio-ethiek te heroverwegen als een relevante discipline in tijden van complexe problemen. Ik stel ook dat procesfilosofie, biologie en feministisch posthumanisme kunnen helpen om zijn ideeën te verbeteren.
4. Tegen elk dualisme
Authors: Hens Kristien
Published: September 2023

Ik zal het voorbeeld van nature en nurture, genen en omgeving gebruiken om aan te tonen hoe genetische onderzoeksprojecten en communicatie over genen soms verouderde en dualistische opvattingen over het leven versterken die niet bevorderlijk zijn voor wetenschap en praktijk. Ik leg de verschillende betekenissen van epigenetica uit. Ik stel dat een ethische onderzoekspraktijk een zelfreflectieve praktijk is, en dat bio-ethici en wetenschapsfilosofen daarbij kunnen helpen.
5. Ontwikkeling en ethiek
Authors: Hens Kristien
Published: September 2023

Voortbouwend op eerdere discussies over genen en epigenetica, beschrijf ik ethische discussies in de epigenetica. Ik betoog dat het vruchtbaar is om een langetermijns-, ontwikkelings- en dynamisch perspectief op het leven te hanteren. Ik beschrijf hoe zo'n perspectief de manier verandert waarop we denken over traditionele bio-ethische discussies zoals die over embryoselectie en het identiteitsprobleem.
13. Terug naar het milieu
Authors: Hens Kristien
Published: September 2023

Ik denk na over het belang van het samen denken van gezondheid en milieu. Ik geef het voorbeeld van handicaps veroorzaakt door vervuiling. Ik stel dat 'denken met' handicaps betekent dat je je een toekomst voorstelt die alle verschillende soorten belichaming kan ondersteunen.
15. Onvergeten verleden
Authors: Hens Kristien
Published: September 2023

In dit hoofdstuk gebruik ik ideeën van Iris Marion Young, Charles Mills en Mich Ciurria om te pleiten voor een niet-ideale theoretische benadering van bio-ethiek. Ik stel dat bio-ethici, in plaats van naïef utopisme of dystopisme te gebruiken in gedachte-experimenten, moeten uitgaan van de rommeligheid van de wereld.
20. Creativiteit: Een game dat bio-ethici inspireert
Authors: Hens Kristien
Published: September 2023

In dit hoofdstuk gebruik ik het voorbeeld van mijn eigen reis in een computerspel, Death Stranding, als een reflectie op het belang, ook voor bio-ethici, om bij de problemen van onze eigen grenzen en die van de wereld te blijven.
Epiloog: Denken met …
Authors: Hens Kristien
Published: September 2023

In deze epiloog reflecteer ik op de argumenten in het boek en pleit ik voor interdisciplinariteit in de bio-ethiek.
Characterization of Heat-Resistant Insulating Impregnating Varnish Based on Bismaleimide/Diamine Copolymer
Authors: Bao Meijun , Zheng Hong , Zhao Guowei , Zhang Jiangyang , Shi Jiahao
Published: September 2023

With the development of high-voltage electrical equipment towards the direction of higher power density and higher voltage level, it will resulting in the temperature-resistant grade of insulating dip varnish. Bismaleimide (BMI) resin used as the matrix resin of dip varnish solution
is widely applied due to its good aging resistance, mechanical properties and dielectric properties. Due to the imide ring structure in BMI resin structure, the bonding energy of chemical bonds in the molecule is higher. The resin reacts less at lower temperatures, resulting in the difficulty
of forming and processing. The high crosslinking density of condensates results in unsatisfactory mechanical properties of BMI resin and presents a poor toughness. Therefore, this paper uses Michael addition reaction to prepare branched resin with large free volume from binary amine and BMI
resin, and explores various properties of its cured products. The results show that: Using different kinds and different contents of binary amines, its insulation performance was further improved. MT-cured sample had the best comprehensive performance, with a minimum dielectric constant of
3.24. The minimum dielectric loss of BAPP cured sample was 0.00135. The maximum volume resistivity of FDA sample was 2.46×1015 Ω·m and the maximum breakdown field strength of BAPP sample was 29.83 kV/mm; The mechanical properties were significantly improved, and
the maximum mechanical strength of the MT samples reached 174.63 MPa.
Association of Socioeconomic Factors and Severity of Bronchiolitis Hospitalizations
Authors: Parlar-Chun Raymond , Hafeez Zoabe
Published: September 2023

It is unclear if socioeconomic status (SES) factors influence severity of illness of patients hospitalized with bronchiolitis. This study was conducted to identify SES factors including the Center for Disease Control and Prevention’s Social Vulnerability Composite Index (SVI), estimated income, proportion of minority, proportion of living below poverty, insurance status, and number of household members associated with length of stay (LOS) and intensive care unit admission. Infants hospitalized at a tertiary care urban center for bronchiolitis were identified using International Classification of Diseases codes. Federal information processing system codes were identified from home address and paired with SVI and 2018 census tract. Other measures of SES were obtained from the Federal Financial Institutions Examination Council. Number of household members, insurance, age, sex, and history of prematurity were recorded from patient chart. Length of stay was modeled with mixed effects negative binomial regression and pediatric intensive care unit (PICU) admission with mixed effects logistic regression with random intercept at the census tract and adjustment for clinical factors. A total of 417 infants had median age of 144 days (interquartile range (IQR): 61, 357) and 136 (33%) were born premature. Median LOS was 62 hours (24, 136) with 97 (23%) patients admitted to the PICU. Median household members were 4 (4, 5). For each increase in household member, there was 7% increase in LOS (incidence rate ratio 1.07, 95% confidence interval: 1-1.14, P = .038). Social Vulnerability Composite Index, subcategories, insurance status, estimated income, percent of minority, and percent of poverty did not show any associations with length of hospitalization or PICU admission. Increasing number of household members may be associated with increased bronchiolitis hospital LOS. We find no associations with other SES measures.
Judiciary as a Bureaucratic Organisation and Its Public Value
Authors: Sane Maithili S.
Published: September 2023

In 2021, India fell three positions in the Rule of Law Index released by the World Justice Project (2019). The India Justice Report 2020 shows the pathological disparity in access and administration of justice in India. Why is it that despite decades of judicial reforms, justice delivery in India continues to remain poor? This paper argues that judiciary is looked at and studied from the standpoint of its most visible dimension—judges and their decision-making, rather than the administrative machinery which facilitates this. This has tilted the judicial reforms discourse towards structures and procedures rather than functions and behaviours. Using the Public Value Theory, it is submitted that judiciary needs to be understood as a ‘bureaucratic’ and ‘public’ organisation which is not only tasked with justice delivery but also value creation. This is a novel approach which has not been deployed to study judicial organisations.
Tax evasion and governance quality: The moderating role of adopting open government
Authors: Khaltar Odkhuu
Published: September 2023

One of the reasons why many developing countries struggle to provide basic public services to citizens is a lack of tax revenue owing to corruption and illicit financial outflow transfers. Trade misinvoicing is one of the main channels taxpayers use to evade taxes and transfer money abroad, particularly in developing countries. Although scholars have been cognizant of the gravity of corruption, little empirical evidence exists on tax evasion through trade, which is mostly related to the decline of tax revenues in developing countries. To bridge this research gap, this study examines the impact of governance quality and adoption of the Open Government Partnership on trade-related tax evasion in developing countries. Governance quality and open government initiatives are expected to reduce tax evasion by increasing moral cost and transparency, improving the legitimacy of tax burden and tax expenditure. The results show that government effectiveness, regulatory quality, control of corruption, and adoption of open government contribute to combating trade-related tax evasion. Moreover, the government's adoption of an open government moderates the association between governance quality (regulatory quality) and trade-related tax evasion; that is, governance quality significantly impacts reducing tax evasion in countries where open government initiatives are more prevalent. This study holds several implications for leveraging the nationwide adoption of open government, which may directly and indirectly help governments reduce trade-related tax fraud and improve tax revenue.

Points for practitioners

Governance quality and the adoption of open government initiatives effectively reduce trade-related tax evasion. The impact of governance quality on reducing tax evasion can be enforced by adopting open government partnership.
Benign (Malicious) Envy and Conspicuous Travel Consumption Intention: Mediating Effects of Self-Enhancement and Self-Control
Authors: Ding Yuxin , Wu Wenjin , Lin Yuxia , Lin Bishu , Qu Hailin
Published: September 2023

Although tourism researchers have begun to explore the behavioral effects of envy, there has been limited empirical research on the effects of benign and malicious envies on conspicuous consumption intention in tourism. Based on the integration of cognitive appraisal theory, compensation theory, and self-control resource theory, using two scenario-based questionnaires, this paper applies structural relational and mediation analyses to explore the effects of benign and malicious envies on conspicuous travel consumption intention. The results indicate that benign envy can directly positively influence conspicuous consumption intention, and also can indirectly rely on self-enhancement motivation positively, thereby influencing conspicuous consumption intention. However, malicious envy cannot directly influence conspicuous consumption intention. This envy needs to rely on self-enhancement motivation to have an indirect negative influence and rely on weakened self-control to have an indirect but positive influence. The important theoretical and practical implications of these findings are then discussed.
Microstructural white matter integrity in relation to vascular reactivity in Dutch-type hereditary cerebral amyloid angiopathy
Authors: Schipper Manon R , Vlegels Naomi , van Harten Thijs W , Rasing Ingeborg , Koemans Emma A , Voigt Sabine , Luca Alberto de , Kaushik Kanishk , van Etten Ellis S , van Zwet Erik W , Terwindt Gisela M , Biessels Geert Jan , van Osch Matthias JP , van Walderveen Marianne AA , Wermer Marieke JH
Published: September 2023

Cerebral Amyloid Angiopathy (CAA) is characterized by cerebrovascular amyloid-β accumulation leading to hallmark cortical MRI markers, such as vascular reactivity, but white matter is also affected. By studying the relationship in different disease stages of Dutch-type CAA (D-CAA), we tested the relation between vascular reactivity and microstructural white matter integrity loss. In a cross-sectional study in D-CAA, 3 T MRI was performed with Blood-Oxygen-Level-Dependent (BOLD) fMRI upon visual activation to assess vascular reactivity and diffusion tensor imaging to assess microstructural white matter integrity through Peak Width of Skeletonized Mean Diffusivity (PSMD). We assessed the relationship between BOLD parameters – amplitude, time-to-peak (TTP), and time-to-baseline (TTB) – and PSMD, with linear and quadratic regression modeling. In total, 25 participants were included (15/10 pre-symptomatic/symptomatic; mean age 36/59 y). A lowered BOLD amplitude (unstandardized β = 0.64, 95%CI [0.10, 1.18], p = 0.02, Adjusted R2 = 0.48), was quadratically associated with increased PSMD levels. A delayed BOLD response, with prolonged TTP (β = 8.34 × 10−6, 95%CI [1.84 × 10−6, 1.48 × 10−5], p = 0.02, Adj. R2 = 0.25) and TTB (β = 6.57 × 10−6, 95%CI [1.92 × 10−6, 1.12 × 10−5], p = 0.008, Adj. R2 = 0.29), was linearly associated with increased PSMD. In D-CAA subjects, predominantly in the symptomatic stage, impaired cerebrovascular reactivity is related to microstructural white matter integrity loss. Future longitudinal studies are needed to investigate whether this relation is causal.
Employment Dynamics Among Adult Children at the Onset of Parental Dementia: Variation by Sociodemographic Characteristics
Authors: Stokes Jeffrey E. , Kindratt Tiffany B. , Antonucci Toni C. , Cox Chelsea G. , Choi HwaJung
Published: September 2023

Objectives

To examine the influence of sociodemographic factors on employment changes among adult children following onset of parental Alzheimer’s disease and related dementia (ADRD).

Methods

We used Health and Retirement Study (2010–2018; N = 20,110) data to examine adult child (ages 50–70) changes in employment and work hours at onset of parental ADRD and potential variation by gender, age, race, ethnicity, and education.

Results

Parental ADRD onset was not associated with changes in adult child employment overall, although associations differed substantially across subpopulations defined by education level. Sons with the lowest education were least likely to cease employment, while daughters with the lowest education were most likely to reduce work hours. Sons at older ages were increasingly likely to reduce work hours or end employment following parental ADRD onset.

Discussion

The potential impact of parental ADRD on adult child employment is complex and should be considered in the context of sociodemographic factors.
Estimating the impact of fishery industry on marine pollution: New insights from Method of Moments Quantile Regression
Authors: Alsaleh Mohd , Wang Xiaohui , Nan Zhang
Published: September 2023

Indeed, waste from marine may have a significant negative economic impact on coastal towns, tourism, shipping, and fisheries. Given its accumulation and spread, waste from marine may be one of the most urgent dangers to the sustainability of marine life and the health of the EU's waters. By considering the role of production in fisheries, fossil fuel use, economic development, and governance from 1990 to 2022, this research seeks to explore the dynamic influence of the fisheries sector on marine hazardous waste in 27 European nations. At higher quantiles, the findings showed a strong positive association between fisheries capacity production and marine hazardous waste at a 1% statistical level using the new Method of Moments Quantile Regression with fixed effects. From the fifth through the ninth quantiles (≈0.250), fishery output considerably increases marine waste, with a more substantial influence at the highest (≈0.239) and a lower impact at the lowest quantile (≈0.056). The findings also show that affluent countries in the EU14 have more significant at a 1% statistical level beneficial effect on marine waste than developing nations in the EU13. Using fossil fuels increased marine waste across all quantiles at a 1% statistical level. Still, economic development in EU14 developed and EU13 developing countries causes marine waste to decrease, at 1% and 10% statistical levels, respectively, supporting the growth theory for nations that produce fisheries. From the first through the ninth quantiles (≈−6.677) in EU27 nations, the influence of governance was adversely significant at a 1% statistical level. The findings suggest that the developed EU14 countries are more affected negatively by governance on marine waste. Using effective and environmentally friendly technology, policymakers may reduce marine waste in the EU14 and the EU13 nations while achieving sustainable development objectives.
Construction and Statistical Validation of a Path Model of the Factors Influencing Non-suicidal Self Injury (NSSI) among Female Adolescents
Authors: Chakraborty Aparajita , Dogra Atanu Kumar , Paul Ruby , Mukherjee Anindita , Karmakar Asmita , Saha Asoke Kumar , Bhattacharya Jishnu
Published: September 2023

Introduction:

Despite having innumerable literatures, there has been dearth of comprehensive model of the manifestation of non-suicidal self-injury (NSSI).

Aim and Objectives:

The current study aims to construct a statistically validated model to explore the theoretical connections and the pathway to NSSI among female adolescents.

Material and Method:

A model was proposed based on the constructs empirically associated with NSSI. The research aims to explore the direct effects of external shame, hated self, and self-compassion on NSSI, and whether this relationship is mediated by borderline personality traits and menstrual phase. A total of 168 female adolescents completed the survey, including informed assent from the adolescents. The Other as Shamer Scale-2, the Forms of Self-Criticism/Self-Reassuring Scale, Self-Compassion Scale, the Risk-Taking and Self-Harm Inventory for Adolescents, and Borderline Personality Features Scale for Children were administered to the participants. Analysis of data involved descriptive statistics and path analysis.

Result:

The pathway shows hated self, disturbed intrapersonal relationship, and the inability to direct compassion for self may increase NSSI. Borderline personality traits and premenstrual dysphoria form indirect but contributory factors to strengthen the association between internal traits and NSSI.

Conclusion:

Thus it may be concluded from the present finding that external shame has significant negative effect on self-compassion and external shame has a significant positive effect on hated self. Also, self-compassion has a significant negative effect, and hated self as well external shame have significant positive effects on borderline traits. Thus, exploring this path would help to plan a suitable preventive action.
Immune-mediated colitis associated with ocrelizumab: A new safety risk
Authors: Kim Tiffany , Brinker Allen , Croteau David , Lee Paul R , Baldassari Laura E , Stevens Jessica , Hughes Alice , Tomaino Juli , deFonseka Arushi , Altepeter Tara , Kortepeter Cindy M
Published: September 2023

Background:

An association between certain immunomodulatory therapies (rituximab, ipilimumab, and other immune checkpoint inhibitors) and inflammatory (non-ischemic and non-infectious) colitis in oncologic and non-oncologic patient populations is well documented in the medical literature.

Objective:

The purpose of this case series is to describe adverse event reports of new onset, inflammatory colitis in association with ocrelizumab in patients with multiple sclerosis submitted to U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) or published in the medical literature.

Methods:

The FDA Adverse Event Reporting System (FAERS) and medical literature were searched.

Results:

A review of postmarketing cases from FAERS and published medical literature identified 38 cases consistent with inflammatory, non-ischemic, and non-infectious colitis in association with ocrelizumab. The median time-to-onset was 8 months. Cases were reported using the following diagnostic terms: Crohn’s disease (13), unspecified colitis (11), microscopic colitis (5), ulcerative colitis (5), medication-induced colitis (3), and autoimmune colitis (2).

Conclusions:

This case series highlights ocrelizumab induced immune-mediated colitis that can be clinically severe and potentially life-threatening. Based on the findings of this review, the ocrelizumab Prescribing Information was amended to include immune-mediated colitis in the Warnings and Precautions section.
Listening to the cultural acoustics of migrant voices: The archived conversations of the British Broadcasting Corporation and the British Library’s ‘Listening Project’
Authors: Solanki Tanvi
Published: September 2023

I examine the cultural acoustics of voice and listening in relation to the experience of migration and displacement through an analysis of a selection of digitized audio recordings of intimate one-on-one conversations between asylum seekers originally recorded by local British Broadcasting Corporation’s radio stations in booths set up throughout the United Kingdom, with the unedited recordings digitally archived by the British Library for the public. My approach to this archive is constituted by a concept and practice I call listening to difference. My case studies are two Somali siblings, a Syrian father and son, and two friends from Algeria and the Congo, and their relationality to the norms of Standard British Listening. My aim is to show how listening to these conversations can make us aware of our own limiting preconceptions in our listening and when and why they occur. Listening to ourselves listening will work against aurally mediated racial ideologies as it necessitates reflecting upon our own automatized, enculturated biases, as well as that of technologies of recording and transcription such as automated speech recognition. It challenges preconceptions about those voices marked as deviating from unmarked norms long established by the legacies of European Enlightenment humanism. Critically listening to those who are othered and belong to communities radically different from our own involves the exposure of aural power differentials and is particularly urgent during a time of an unprecedented increase of refugees accompanied by an increased controlling of national borders antagonistic to refugees and immigrants.
Does who you live with matter for your health? The influence of partners’ socioeconomic characteristics on self-rated health in Norway
Authors: Hofoss Dag , Grøtvedt Liv , Grøholt Else K. , Ramm Jorun , Lunde Elin S. , Syse Astri
Published: September 2023

Aims:

Studies of the association between self-rated health and persons’ income and education have almost invariably shown that people with higher education and incomes report better health. Less is known of the influence of household members’ socioeconomic characteristics on individuals’ health. This study thus aimed to assess the extent to which the socioeconomic characteristics of partners may contribute to explaining the variation in the respondents’ self-rated health (SRH).

Methods:

Using an observational design, we analysed cross-sectional Norwegian survey data on SRH (2015 and 2019), linked to register data on education and income for respondents ( N = 7082) and their opposite-sex coresident spouse or partner. We employed logistic regression models to assess the associations between respondents’ SRH and the relative income and education of their partner. Average marginal effects were calculated to enable cross-model comparisons.

Results:

Net of individual characteristics, having a higher-educated partner was positively associated with SRH for both male (OR = 1.56) and female (OR = 1.36) respondents. Having a partner with an above median income (by age and sex) was positively associated with SRH for female (OR = 1.29) respondents only. For education, the positive SRH associations were roughly similar for respondents and partners. For income, the associations were more pronounced for respondents than partners.

Conclusions:

Our findings suggest that health is affected by the resources (or lack thereof) in one’s immediate networks. To reduce social inequalities in health, health personnel might customise interactions to account for household resources. Such knowledge could also be used in health-promoting activities to enhance participation and health competency.
A mathematical model for predicting indoor PM2.5 concentration considering uneven mixing and fractional efficiency of a filter
Authors: Liu Lianhua , Xiang Bo , Si Pengfei , Shi Lijun
Published: September 2023

Indoor PM2.5 control has become an essential part of ensuring high-quality indoor air quality. In this paper, to improve the prediction accuracy, an unsteady-state mathematical model for predicting indoor PM2.5 concentration was established. Air exchange efficiency was considered to characterize the uneven mixing of particle concentration in the model. The filter efficiency of the multi-stage filter system and the actual efficiency of each stage filter were redetermined through particle size distribution and fractional efficiency of filter. The accuracy of the model was verified with existing experimental data. Furthermore, the filtration performance of different combinations of typical filters was analyzed. The results showed that when the filter was installed in the second stage in a multi-stage filter system, the filter efficiency coefficients for filtering PM2.5 were 0.94∼0.98, and decreased to 0.81∼0.94 when installed in the third stage. As air exchange efficiency was increased from 0.6 to 0.9, the purification time was shortened by 10.86∼14.44 min. Under the large outdoor PM2.5 concentration, indoor air quality can be guaranteed by increasing the air change rate or adding filters to enhance the filter efficiency. Moreover, there should exist a minimum air change rate to meet the required indoor PM2.5 concentration.
The Role of Physical Exercise in Cognitive Preservation: A Systematic Review
Authors: Kaufman Matt , Dyrek Paige , Fredericson Michael , Oppezzo Marily , Roche Megan , Frehlich Levi , Noordsy Douglas
Published: September 2023

Dementia, or major neurocognitive disorder, is one of the most common causes of disability and dependency in older adults with far-reaching social, physical, and economic impacts. In the absence of adequate treatment, much research has been directed towards prevention. Physical exercise has been shown to increase cerebral blood flow, amplify production of neurotrophic factors, and enhance brain volume. Whether these changes on a structural and cellular level result in cognitive preservation is less clear. This systematic review synthesizes findings from seventeen randomized controlled trials that examine the effects of physical activity on global cognition, memory, and executive function in older adults. Cognitive benefits of exercise are strongest for those who are cognitively intact or with mild cognitive impairment. In studies with long-term follow up, cognitive gains tended to decay after cessation of physical intervention suggesting that sustained physical exercise may be required to preserve cognitive function in older adults prior to onset of dementia.
The pedagogical potential of identity work in leadership education – Controversies, confessions, and conclusions
Authors: Nilsson Tomas , Damiani Jonathan
Published: September 2023

Decades of interest in responsible leadership has drawn critical attention to how future leaders are formed by academic leadership education. It has forced teachers to increasingly contemplate what leadership ideas and pedagogical practices they bring to the classroom, and who they are in the light of the ideas and practices they adhere to. In this ‘Leading Questions’ we take an interest in how leadership educators’ identities are formed and exploited in everyday teaching. The questions and comments we present are part of an ongoing conversation on identity work triggered by the controversies we experienced when co-teaching a course titled Rethinking Leadership at a renowned international business school. Where most discussions of identity work in a business school context only highlight the distressing and unfavourable aspects of identity work, we take a different approach. We confess how we struggle with our own identities as leadership educators. We then argue this identity work comes with pedagogical potential, yet to be accounted for, especially relevant to future education of critical and responsible leaders. Finally, we confess that even if our years of conversation on our different teacher identities did not result in a distinct pedagogical model, it dramatically changed and charged our ability to intentionally make space for controversial identity work in the leadership classroom.
A conceptual–perceptual distinctiveness processing account of the superior recognition memory of pictures over environmental sounds
Authors: Ahmad Fahad N , Tremblay Savannah , Karkuszewski Michael D , Alvi Marium , Hockley William E
Published: September 2023

Researchers have proposed a coarser or gist-based representation for sounds, whereas a more verbatim-based representation is retrieved from long-term memory to account for higher recognition performance for pictures. This study examined the mechanism for the recognition advantage for pictures. In Experiment 1A, pictures and sounds were presented in separate trials in a mixed list during the study phase and participants showed in a yes–no test, a higher proportion of correct responses for targets, exemplar foils categorically related to the target, and novel foils for pictures compared with sounds. In Experiment 1B, the picture recognition advantage was replicated in a two-alternative forced-choice test for the novel and exemplar foil conditions. For Experiment 2A, even when verbal labels (i.e., written labels) were presented for sounds during the study phase, a recognition advantage for pictures was shown for both targets and exemplar foils. Experiment 2B showed that the presence of written labels for sounds, during both the study and test phases did not eliminate the advantage of recognition of pictures in terms of correct rejection of exemplar foils. Finally, in two additional experiments, we examined whether the degree of similarity within pictures and sounds could account for the recognition advantage of pictures. The mean similarity rating for pictures was higher than the mean similarity rating for sounds in the exemplar test condition, whereas mean similarity rating for sounds was higher than pictures in the novel test condition. These results pose a challenge for some versions of distinctiveness accounts of the picture superiority effect. We propose a conceptual–perceptual distinctiveness processing account of recognition memory for pictures and sounds.
Diabetes mellitus and obesity among South Asians with ischemic stroke across three countries
Authors: Ken-Dror Gie , Ajami Intisar , Han Thang S , Aurelius Taylor , Maheshwari Ankita , Hail Hassan Al , Deleu Dirk , Sharma Sapna D , Amlani Sageet , Gunathilagan Gunaratnam , Cohen David L , Rajkumar Chakravarthi , Maguire Stuart , Ispoglou Sissi , Balogun Ibrahim , Parry Anthea , Sekaran Lakshmanan , Syed Hafiz , Lawrence Enas , Singh Ravneeta , Hassan Ahamad , Wharton Chris , Javaid Khalid , Goorah Neetish , Carr Peter , Abdus Sami Eman , Ali Musab , Hussein Hassan Al , Osman Abuzaid Hassan , Sharif Khalid , Ram Sharma Shri , Sylaja PN , Yousef Khan Fahmi , Prasad Kameshwar , Sharma Pankaj
Published: September 2023

Background:

Diabetes mellitus and central obesity are more common among South Asian populations than among White British people. This study explores the differences in diabetes and obesity in South Asians with stroke living in the United Kingdom, India, and Qatar compared with White British stroke patients.

Methods:

The study included the UK, Indian, and Qatari arms of the ongoing large Bio-Repository of DNA in Stroke (BRAINS) international prospective hospital-based study for South Asian stroke. BRAINS includes 4580 South Asian and White British recruits from UK, Indian, and Qatar sites with first-ever ischemic stroke.

Results:

The study population comprises 1751 White British (WB) UK residents, 1165 British South Asians (BSA), 1096 South Asians in India (ISA), and 568 South Asians in Qatar (QSA). ISA, BSA, and QSA South Asians suffered from higher prevalence of diabetes compared with WB by 14.5% (ISA: 95% confidence interval (CI) = 18.6–33.0, p < 0.001), 31.7% (BSA: 95% CI = 35.1–50.2, p < 0.001), and 32.7% (QSA: 95% CI = 28.1–37.3, p < 0.001), respectively. Although WB had the highest prevalence of body mass index (BMI) above 27 kg/m2 compared with South Asian patients (37% vs 21%, p < 0.001), South Asian patients had a higher waist circumference than WB (94.8 cm vs 90.8 cm, p < 0.001). Adjusting for traditional stroke risk factors, ISA, BSA, and QSA continued to display an increased risk of diabetes compared with WB by 3.28 (95% CI: 2.53–4.25, p < 0.001), 3.61 (95% CI: 2.90–4.51, p < 0.001), and 5.24 (95% CI: 3.93–7.00, p < 0.001), respectively.

Conclusion:

South Asian ischemic stroke patients living in Britain and Qatar have a near 3.5-fold risk of diabetes compared with White British stroke patients. Their body composition may partly help explain that increased risk. These findings have important implications for public health policymakers in nations with large South Asian populations.
Effect of Developmental Stages on the Biosynthesis of Triterpene Saponins and Related Gene Expression in Seedlings of Platycodon grandiflorus
Authors: Liu Yan , Ren Weichao , Wang Zhen , Lu Jiaxin , Su Xiaoyue , Liu Meiqi , Liu Weili , Ma Wei
Published: September 2023

Objective: To investigate the impact of developmental stages on triterpene saponin content and expression of key genes in their biosynthetic pathway in Platycodon grandiflorus seedlings. Method: The total saponins were extracted using ultrasonic extraction with methanol as the solvent. The quantification of Platycodin D in 6-month-old and 1-year-old Platycodon grandiflorus seedlings was performed using ultra-performance liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry, while the expression of key genes in the biosynthesis of saponins was determined by real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction. Result: The content of Platycodin D and total saponins in 1-year-old Platycodon grandiflorus roots was significantly higher than that in of 6-month-old. The expression of key genes in saponin biosynthesis, such as PGMVK , PGMVD , PGDXR , PGMCT , PGMDS , PGHDS , PGHDR , PGFPS, and PGSS, was higher in 1-year-old roots compared to 6-month-old seedlings. Conclusion: The medicinal value of 1-year-old Platycodon grandiflorus root was higher than that of 6-month-old seedlings. The difference in medicinal value can be attributed to the variation in the expression of key genes involved in the saponin biosynthesis pathway.
Comparison of eltrombopag and avatrombopag in the treatment of refractory/relapsed aplastic anemia: a single-center retrospective study in China
Authors: Zhang Zhuxin , Hu Qinglin , Yang Chen , Chen Miao , Han Bing
Published: September 2023

Background:

Eltrombopag (ELT), a thrombopoietin receptor agonist (TPO-RA), has been approved for relapsed/refractory aplastic anemia (AA). However, data on avatrombopag (AVA), another TPO-RA, are limited, and the comparisons between the two TPO-RAs are lacking.

Objectives:

We aimed to compare the efficacy and safety between ELT and AVA in relapsed/refractory AA patients.

Design:

In this retrospective study, patients with relapsed/refractory AA who had been treated with ELT ( N = 45) or AVA ( N = 30) alone and had compatible baseline hematological parameters were compared.

Methods:

Data from patients diagnosed with acquired AA were retrospectively collected. All patients were refractory/relapsed to standard immunosuppressive therapy (IST) for at least 6 months before ELT or AVA. Patients had to be treated with ELT or AVA alone for at least 6 months before evaluation if they did not respond. Baseline characteristics, overall response (OR), complete response (CR), relapse, adverse events, and factors that may affect efficacy were analyzed.

Results:

Of the 75 patients enrolled, 45 received ELT and 30 received AVA. Patients with AVA had a higher percentage of abnormal liver or renal function than those with ELT ( p = 0.036). No significant difference was found in the OR/CR rate in the first/second/third/sixth month between the two cohorts ( p > 0.05). Patients treated with AVA had a shorter median time to response than those treated with ELT ( p = 0.012) and had a higher platelet level in the second month ( p = 0.041). AVA had fewer adverse events than ELT ( p = 0.046). Under compatible follow-up time ( p = 0.463), no difference was found between the ELT and AVA cohorts in relapse ( p = 1.000) or clone evolution ( p = 0.637). No predictive factors for OR and CR in the sixth month were found for either ELT or AVA.

Conclusion:

With worse liver or renal function, AVA had a similar OR/CR rate but a shorter median time to response and fewer adverse events for patients with relapsed/refractory AA.
Bridging the divide between behavioral science & policy
Authors: Fox Craig R. , Sitkin Sim B.
Published: September 2023

Traditionally, neoclassical economics, which assumes that people rationally maximize their self-interest, has strongly influenced public and private sector policymaking and implementation. Today, policymakers increasingly appreciate the applicability of the behavioral sciences, which advance a more realistic and complex view of individual, group, and organizational behavior. In this article, we summarize differences between traditional economic and behavioral approaches to policy. We take stock of reasons economists have been so successful in influencing policy and examine cases in which behavioral scientists have had substantial impact. We emphasize the benefits of a problem-driven approach and point to ways to more effectively bridge the gap between behavioral science and policy, with the goal of increasing both supply of and demand for behavioral insights in policymaking and practice.
Warning: You are about to be Nudged
Authors: Loewenstein George , Bryce Cindy , Hagmann David , Rajpal Sachin
Published: September 2023

Presenting a default option is known to influence important decisions. That includes decisions regarding advance medical directives, documents people prepare to convey which medical treatments they favor in the event that they are too ill to make their wishes clear. Some observers have argued that defaults are unethical because people are typically unaware that they are being nudged toward a decision. We informed people of the presence of default options before they completed a hypothetical advance directive, or after, then gave them the opportunity to revise their decisions. The effect of the defaults persisted, despite the disclosure, suggesting that their effectiveness may not depend on deceit. These findings may help address concerns that behavioral interventions are necessarily duplicitous or manipulative.