bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
INCOLAB INFORMATION SYSTEM FOR BETTER MANAGEMENT OF ECOSYSTEMS IN THE TRANSBOUNDARY REGION OF THE DANUBE RIVER
Authors: Asenova Milka
Published: July 2024

The article presents the INCOLAB information system for the management of four protected areas for the protection of wild birds included in the European ecological network Natura 2000 in the cross-border region of the Danube River - ROSPA0102 Suhaia and ROSPA0024 Confluence of Olt Danube - Romania, BG0002018 Ostrov Vardim and BG0002070 Ribarnitsi Hadzhi Dimitrovo - Bulgaria. The main purpose of its establishment is to support the control institutions in the decision-making processes and take measures to protect the protected areas and the protected species. The process of creating the system, part of the Joint Bulgarian-Romanian Plan for the Management of the Four Protected Areas for the Protection of Key Bird Species, has been traced, as an innovative model for monitoring and reporting, a new approach for collecting, using and sharing technical, scientific and environmental data. The main functionalities of the information system and the available applications, both for the control authorities and the public, are presented. The visualization of the components of the physical architecture of the information system allows a meaningful structured presentation of the process of building a database with information from different sources. The main benefits of the common information system for the joint management of protected areas and cross-border cooperation are analysed.
A GENERALIZED NET MODEL FOR ACCESSING INFORMATION RESOURCES IN A SECURE ENVIRONMENT
Authors: Kochankov Miroslav , Iliev Rosen
Published: July 2024

The purpose of the study is to describe and present the process of accessing information resources in a secure military computer network as generalized net model. A simulation of the model was carried out using specialized software for working with generalized nets - GN IDE, and the most important results are visualized in the report.
OPTIMAL SIZE OF AGRICULTURAL DATASET FOR YOLOV8 TRAINING
Authors: Apeināns Ilmars
Published: July 2024

The smart farming solutions are mainly based on the application of convolutional neural networks for object detection tasks. The number of open datasets is restricted in the agricultural domain. Therefore, it is required to find the answer to the question: how big a dataset must be collected to train a convolutional neural network for object detection tasks? To solve this task, the YOLOv8 framework was selected for the experiment. Three datasets were prepared: MinneApples, PFruitlets640 and mosaic dataset using both previously named datasets. 100 images were selected for testing. Other images were used to create training datasets, which had the size from 100 until 1000 images with step 100 images. Training was repeated 10 times with each size of dataset. The experiment showed that the increase of dataset from 100 to 500 images provides an accuracy growth up to 15.48% mAP@0.5, but from 600 to 1000 images - only 2.98% mAP@0.5. This study experimentally proves that the dataset size equal to 500 images is the most efficient. Meanwhile, the experiment with the mosaic dataset shows constant accuracy improvement. Therefore, it is more advisable to collect different classes with 500 images than one large dataset. This study will be interesting not only for smart farming experts as well as for all machine learning experts.
APPLICATION OF ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE IN E-LEARNING
Authors: Mirtcheva-Ivanova Daniela
Published: July 2024

The article examines the control and evaluation of students' knowledge, with the aim of determining and analyzing the mistakes made and their prevention in order to achieve a better education. The role of electronic tests as a preferred and applied means of knowledge assessment is shown. Emphasis is placed on the application of artificial intelligence as an assistant to the learner for the rapid elimination of gaps and assimilation of knowledge, when weaker results are reported on electronic tests in a given academic discipline.
FRAMEWORK FOR ENHANCING CUSTOMER LOYALTY OF TELECOMMUNICATION COMPANIES IN INDIA: A CASE OF RELIANCE JIO INFOCOMM LTD
Authors: Vevere Velga , Singh Kamaldeep , Linina Iveta
Published: July 2024

Enhancing customer loyalty has become a significant concern for several organisations due to the increased competition in the industries. The Indian Telecommunication Industry has experienced a major shift after the launch of Reliance JIO. Many customers have been attracted to Reliance JIO, but it is important for this company to transform the existing customers into loyal customers. The objective of the research is to identify the factors that may increase the brand loyalty of the customer in this industry. To reach this objective the following tasks were set: (1) to research scientific literature on customer loyalty, in general, and in the sphere of telecommunications, in particular; (2) to work out research methodology; (3) to carry out empirical research and discuss results. The research question: What are the factors that can enhance the customer loyalty in the telecommunication industry? Data is collected via customer survey (n=250) and processed by SPSS. The main result of the research lies in the developed customer loyalty framework for telecommunication companies.  Practical significance of results lies in recommendations how to enhance customer loyalty towards Reliance Jio Infocomm, Ltd.
APPLICATION OF AI-ENHANCED IMAGE PROCESSING METHODS FOR EDUCATIONAL APPLIED PHYSICS EXPERIMENTS
Authors: Laukhammer Eivin , Mačerauskas Eugenijus , Lučun Andzej , Kozič Antoni , Tumasonis Romanas
Published: July 2024

This article examines the use of an AI-powered automated image analysis system. The system's purpose is to enhance the workflow of students during applied physics laboratory experiments, helping them analyze images and perform accurate microobject counting. On the software side, the system incorporates machine learning algorithms for visual processing applications using Python and its’ extension libraries – CV2, Tensorflow, Keras, SkLearn etc.. The hardware consists of a camera and microprocessor, which, in conjunction with the image processing software, perform microobject recognition and counting in real-time. The goal is to automate applied physics laboratory experiments in which the counting of microobjects, be it organic or human-made, is usually done manually. During these applied physics laboratory experiments and with the aid of this system, students are exposed to a modern workflow, further preparing them for future work environments, teaching them about process automation, and further increasing their interest in micro-scale related science subjects. Automation using image processing technology combined with automatic data logging from images allows for fast and accurate micro-object counting.
VECTOR-MATRIX COMPUTER METHOD FOR DRAFTING CIRCLING-POINT CURVES AND CENTERING-POINT CURVES OF BURMESTER
Authors: Marinov Marin
Published: July 2024

The author suggests a method for drafting circling-point curves and centering-point curves of Burmester in the present paper. The geometrical compulsion makes the best use of synthesis of levers mechanisms by vector-matrix computer method under existing circumstances. Propose the drafting of the Burmester circling-point and centering-point curves are more applicable and more approach for engineers and constructors in the manufacture.
ALGORITHM FOR DETERMINING PHOTORESIST CHARACTERISTICS
Authors: Dobrev Georgi , Paunkov Nikolay , Terzieva Radoslava , Matsankov Misho , Naydenova Iva , Budakova Dilyana
Published: July 2024

This paper presents data from a photoresist stady. Computational models have been developed to determine basic physical characteristics. A software algorithm for their derivation has been developed. Models for the calculation of basic characteristics such as integral sensitivity, efficiency, photoresist activation energy are presented. A number of statistical and mathematical analyses are presented.
APPLICATION OF UPCYCLING TECHNOLOGY IN THE PROJECT ACTIVITY OF FUTURE TEACHERS OF LABOR EDUCATION AND TECHNOLOGY
Authors: Shymkova Iryna , Tsvilyk Svitlana , Marushchak Oksana , Hlukhaniuk Vitalii , Harkushevskyi Volodymyr
Published: July 2024

The aim of this article is to justify the potential of technologies for processing secondary raw materials and to investigate the effectiveness of developing professional competences in future teachers of labor education and technology through the utilization of upcycling technology in the design of eco-bags. Project activity focuses on fostering critical thinking and portrays the pedagogical process as a system based on the theory of universal human values, humanization, a person-oriented approach, and the priority of subject-subject relations. It proves to be effective in shaping the personality of future teachers. The main features of the process of designing eco-bags using upcycling technology are determined to be interdisciplinary, communicative, and dynamic, facilitated by the use of information services of social networks. The process emphasizes environmental friendliness under the conditions of recycling secondary raw materials and involves creative project and practical activities. Pedagogical conditions for project activity in eco-bag upcycling are defined through provisions such as structuring the project and its stages, setting educational goals and tasks, implementing an integrated program of technological activity, developing a criterion basis for determining the levels of educational achievements, and creating information-subject and material-technical support for the educational process. Collaboration among teachers of general and professional training cycles is highlighted for content coordination, organization of training, and improvement of educational, methodological, and software training for processing secondary raw materials. The work employs methods of theoretical and empirical research, including analysis and synthesis to clarify main concepts and categories of learning technologies for processing secondary raw materials for future teachers of labor education and technology. It also involves the study of psychological-pedagogical and scientific-methodical literature and advanced pedagogical experiences related to learning technologies in higher education institutions, enabling the identification of regularities and formulation of conclusions on the investigated problem.
MULTIMEDIA TECHNOLOGIES AS TOOLS FOR FOSTERING DIGITAL LITERACY IN EDUCATION
Authors: Sorokolit Nataliia , Rymar Olha , Bodnar Ivanna , Khanikiants Olena , Solovey Alla
Published: July 2024

This study explores the integration of multimedia technologies into the educational landscape of physical education in Ukraine, considering various forms of education such as face-to-face, mixed, and distance learning, especially under martial law. The purpose of the study is to reveal the attitude of physical education teachers towards the use of MT during physical education, to determine the level of digital literacy of physical education specialists and to outline the ways to improve it. Methodology involves analysis and synthesis of literary sources, surveys conducted among physical education teachers using Google Forms, mathematical data processing, and a pedagogical experiment. Survey results underscore the necessity of integrating multimedia technologies into physical education, with most teachers acknowledging their positive impact on teaching quality but expressing a need for enhanced digital skills. The observed digital literacy level aligns with the basic standard, prompting the development of a program utilizing multimedia technologies to shape the digital literacy of physical education teachers. Digital literacy evaluation employs the Digital Competence Framework for Citizens rooted in UNESCO documents, categorizing competence levels as basic, independent, and professional. The resultant program for nurturing digital literacy among physical education teachers comprises theoretical-organizational, operational, methodical, and assessment components. Experimental testing confirms the program’s efficacy, revealing an improvement in digital literacy from basic to independent user levels and, in some cases, professional competence. In conclusion, this research highlights the positive impact of the program on enhancing the knowledge, skills, and professional aptitude of physical education teachers, poised to improve the effectiveness of physical education in Ukraine and address contemporary educational challenges. Furthermore, the program serves as a foundational framework for advancing multimedia support in the field.
EXPLORING COMPUTER ENGINEERING AND INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY UNDERGRADUATES’ VIEWS ON DEVELOPING THEIR INNOVATIVE THINKING IN ENGLISH CLASSROOM
Authors: Malykhin Oleksandr , Aristova Nataliia , Vyshnevska Maryna , Kugai Kseniia , Makhovych Inna
Published: July 2024

In our modern world, which is full of technological advancements, being able to think innovatively is essential for coping successfully with life and work challenges. For specialists who are going to work in the field of Computer Engineering and Information Technology innovative thinking is an ability that helps them adapt quickly to new challenges and opportunities and find non-standard solutions to various issues. In the study the researchers focused on finding out effective teaching and learning methods and techniques which can be used in the English language classroom for developing innovative thinking among Computer Engineering and Information Technology undergraduates. Considering the fact that the researchers are the English language teachers, to select the research sample they used a combination of a purposive sampling technique and a convenience sampling technique. To gather data on Computer Engineering and Information Technology undergraduates’ views on developing their innovative thinking in the English Language classroom the researchers created a web-based questionnaire using Google Forms. The link to the questionnaire was distributed to the first- and second-year Computer Engineering and Information Technology students who study English as a second language at Kyiv National University of Technologies and Design. The results obtained enabled the researchers to identify teaching and learning methods and techniques effective for developing innovative thinking among Computer Engineering and Information Technology undergraduates.
INVESTIGATION OF THE INFLUENCE OF THE MANUFACTURING PROCESS ON THE STRUCTURE OF HYPEREUTECTIC ALUMINIUM-SILICON ALLOYS
Authors: Dochev Boyan , Dimova Desislava , Zagorski Mihail , Kasabov Plamen , Chuchulska Bozhana
Published: July 2024

Two technological approaches were used to produce the hypereutectic aluminium-silicon alloys AlSi21Cu5MgCr, AlSi21Cu5Cr, AlSi25Cu4Cr and AlSi25Cu5Cr. In one case, alloys were melted from pure metals, metallurgical processing of the melts was carried out, and experimental castings were cast. In the other case, remelting of previously prepared alloys was carried out for casting test castings from the studied alloys, and the metallurgical processing of the melts was carried out at a lower temperature. The influence of the method of obtaining the alloys on their structure has been established.
SPEED CONTROL OF PNEUMATIC CYLINDERS USING HIGH SPEED 2 PORT ON/OFF VALVES WITH PULSE WIDTH MODULATION
Authors: Iliev Georgi , Hristov Hristo
Published: July 2024

This paper presents the possibility of controlling the speed of a different types of pneumatic cylinder with high speed 2-position valves a controller using Pulse Width Modulation /PWM/. To increase the energy efficiency of pneumatic power transmission systems, modern control method for speed control pneumatic cylinders is applied. This is realised by high speed 2 port ON/OFF valves, digital control by computer and virtual instruments made with specialized software. An electronic block implemented with a PWM and an energy saving amplifier is used for control high speed 2 port ON/OFF valves. Practical realization of PWM controlled electropneumatic power transmission system is shown and experimental characteristics for variable speed of the pneumatic actuator are obtained. The experimental results are shown in few graphs. The presented experimental studies prove the possibility of smoothly adjusting the speed of pneumatic cylinders using two-position valves, controlled with PWM. Using this control method makes it possible to replace expensive servo valves for precise speed control.
THE FLUID FLOW SIMULATION OF THE THERMAL COMFORT IN THEATRE
Authors: Gyurova Lyuba
Published: July 2024

This paper examines the use of Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) simulations to improve thermal comfort in enclosed spaces, such as theatres, halls, and offices. Thermal comfort is crucial for occupant well-being and productivity, and is influenced by various factors, including air temperature, humidity, and airflow. To create tailored models for specific spaces, we suggest using CFD simulations to predict airflow patterns and temperature distribution, thereby identifying discomfort zones. This research aims to optimize thermal comfort and improve building design and energy efficiency by iteratively adjusting ventilation strategies. The practical applications of this approach include improved design and construction, as well as retrofitting existing buildings. To achieve this, CFD simulations should be integrated into the design phase to proactively address thermal comfort issues and achieve energy-efficient layouts. Customising CFD models for existing buildings allows for the analysis of airflow patterns and optimisation of ventilation strategies to enhance thermal comfort. HVAC systems can be evaluated using CFD to identify areas for improvement and select energy-efficient solutions, leading to enhanced energy efficiency. The benefits of these improvements include enhanced well-being and productivity, as improved thermal comfort can lead to better occupant health and focus, ultimately boosting productivity. Additionally, the risks of Sick Building Syndrome (SBS) can be reduced. CFD analysis can help reduce the risks of Sick Building Syndrome by optimizing ventilation and improving indoor air quality. In the future, it is recommended to integrate CFD simulations with Building Information Modelling for comprehensive thermal comfort analysis. This study highlights the potential of CFD to optimize thermal comfort in enclosed spaces by promoting occupant well-being and energy efficiency through iterative ventilation adjustments. It is important to adhere to established standards when integrating CFD.
MECHANO-MATHEMATICAL MODEL AND EXPERIMENTAL RESULTS ON THE DYNAMIC RELATION BETWEEN MARINE PROPELLER OSCILLATION AND MAIN SHIP ENGINE
Authors: Minchev Yuliyan , Minchev Ivaylo
Published: July 2024

Ship propellers, essential for propulsion, can cause unwanted hull vibrations. These vibrations affect crew comfort, increase maintenance costs, and potentially reduce fuel efficiency. This study addresses this issue with a novel mechano-mathematical model that analyses the propeller contribution to vibrations. Previous models have focused primarily on the engine as the vibration source. This work bridges the gap by considering the dynamic interplay between different vibration modes within the entire propulsion system: engine, shaft line and propeller. It considers key elements such as engine torque variations, propeller moment and system elasticity. The model represents these components with the propeller as a weightless elastic element. It meticulously accounts for the complex motion of the propeller, allowing its absolute speed to be calculated. The model recognises the flexibility of the shaft line and represents the engine using simplified point masses based on established principles. A reference system tracks the position of each component, capturing engine vibration, stern tube bearing motion and shaft line torsional stiffness. A set of differential equations governs the oscillations of the system, incorporating relevant factors such as engine inertia and torque, propeller moment, and inertial and hydrodynamic forces. The model captures the dynamic relationship between different modes of vibration, including propeller, engine, shaft precession and torsional vibrations from both engine and propeller. While detailed equations and experimental results are omitted, a qualitative analysis demonstrates the model's ability to predict the frequencies of real-world vibration spectra. This successful validation highlights its potential to capture propeller-induced vibration dynamics. By pinpointing excitation mechanisms with greater accuracy, this research can pave the way for improved propeller designs that minimise vibration, leading to improved crew comfort, reduced maintenance costs and potentially even improved fuel efficiency.
A MULTI-STEP APPROACH FOR ANALYZING THE NUMBER OF POLYMER INJECTION MOLDING GATE SPOTS AND THEIR POSITION IN T-RTM TECHNOLOGY
Authors: Bankov Blagovest , Todorov Todor , Sofronov Yavor , Ivanov Ivan
Published: July 2024

The purpose of this study is to present a multi-step approach for building a virtual analysis supporting the determination of the number and position of the injection molding gate spots in Resin Transfer Molding (RTM) and the relatively new Thermoplastic Resin Transfer Molding (T-RTM) technologies. The methodology provides an opportunity to determine the behavior of the fluid flow based on the location of the inlets, as well as potential problems and defects.
INFLUENCE OF SUCCINITE ADDITIVES ON THE CRYSTAL STRUCTURE AND ORIENTATION OF COMPOSITE PA6 NANOFIBERS
Authors: Lasenko Inga
Published: July 2024

Give this article delves into the investigation of the crystal structure and crystalline orientation of composite polyamide 6 (PA6) nanofibers. The study aims to elucidate the impact of crystallinity and crystalline orientation on the properties of composite nanofibers, which were manufactured by the electrospinning process of Nylon 6/formic acid (HCOOH) polymer solutions at concentrations of 16%, 20% and 28%, incorporating 0.25% succinite powder with particle sizes ranging from 5 to 20 nm. The average diameters of the resulting nanofiber mats were systematically measured, revealing dimensions of 50±15 nm, 90±18 nm, and 340±78 nm, respectively. Using wide-angle X-ray diffraction (WAXD) analysis, the study provides a detailed examination of how the concentration of PA6 and the inclusion of organic succinite additives influence the crystal structure and crystalline orientation within the polymer matrix. In particular, it highlights the effects observed at smaller diameters of composite nanofibers, where enhanced macromolecular alignment is coupled with reduced crystallinity, marking the first comprehensive exploration of these phenomena in individual composite nanofibers. Research demonstrates that the relative distribution of different crystalline phases varies among samples with different average diameters. Notably, the sample with the smallest average diameter of 50 nm showcased a singular crystalline peak at 2θ=21.23°, closely aligning with the theoretically reported value for the γ phase (2θ=21.4°). On the contrary, samples with larger average diameters revealed progressively more distinct shoulders on X-ray diffraction patterns, indicative of the α phase. A notable increase of approximately 25% was observed as the diameter of the composite nanofibers decreased. Furthermore, the composite nanofibers of smaller diameter presented a narrower full width at Half Maximum (FWHM), suggesting enhanced orientation for both observed phases. This study not only contributes to understanding of the influence of nanofiber composition and structure on their physical properties but also opens new avenues for the tailored design of nanofiber based composites for advanced engineering applications.
HUMIDITY SENSING ELEMENTS BASED ON SILICA-GRAPHENE SURFACE LAYERS
Authors: Nedev Nedyu , Nenova Zvezditza , Kozhukharov Stephan , Ivanov Stefan , Nenov Toshko
Published: July 2024

The paper presents humidity sensing elements based on silica-graphene surface layers, prepared via a sol-gel method. The samples were sintered at temperatures of 400 °C, 600 °C and 800 °C. Tetraethoxysilane was used as a precursor of SiO2 and as a dopant - graphene aggregates of nanoplatelets. A description of the sample preparation procedure is provided. Using a precise impedance analyzer and a calibrator for humidity and temperature, the changes in their resistance R were investigated with variations in relative humidity in the range of 30% to 90% at a temperature of 25 °C and at a frequency of 20 Hz. Morphological observations and map data analyses were carried out by Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) and Energy Dispersion Spectroscopy (EDX). The developed sensor elements have a good sensitivity to the humidity, and the resistance change reaches two orders of magnitude. Additions of graphene improve the sensitivity of the elements. The characteristics of the sensing elements at different sintering temperatures and different amounts of graphene dopant were modeled using an artificial neural network.
THE IMPACT OF CO2 LASER POWER AND SCANNING SPEED ON VARIOUS WOOD AND THERMOWOOD SAMPLES
Authors: Rāviņš Dzintars , Adijāns Imants , Yankov Emil , Bakakins Vladislavs
Published: July 2024

In this study, the impact of CO2 laser engraving and scanning on various types of wood before and after thermal treatment is investigated. An infrared CO2 laser with a wavelength of 10640 nm is used in the study for engraving various wood samples before and after thermal treatment at a specific processing temperature of 214°C. All samples had a similar moisture content - approximately 8%. The engraving depth and width were measured for each wood sample. The findings reveal that thermal pre-treatment exert a discernible influence on the efficacy of laser engraving, and the engraving depth is notably influenced by the particular wood species involved. Consequently, the study offers a platform for assessing the optimization of laser engraving parameters applicable to different wood types and thermally modified wood, thereby facilitating the enhancement of product quality through judicious parameter selection.
WIRELESS SECURITY ISSUES
Authors: Kolev Kaloyan , Shterev Yordan
Published: July 2024

Wireless home networks, for small organizations, as well as multi-user institutions and public networks need to be secured. This is a topical issue, especially since wireless protocols do not always provide good protection. The article aims to discuss the vulnerabilities and privacy security issues associated with wireless networks. The tools airmon-ng for monitoring, WireShark for snooping, aircrack-ng for dictionary pre-generation and also airodump-ng and aireplay-ng present in Kali Lunix were used. The results of attacks and penetration tests performed on an experimental wireless connection protected with WPA2 show the vulnerability of wireless networks protected with this protocol. Therefore, accelerated implementation of WPA3 protocol is imperative.
CONTEMPORARY CHALLENGES TO THE PROTECTION OF THE COUNTRY’S SOVEREIGNTY
Authors: Marinov Rumen
Published: July 2024

In the present study, security is considered a category related to the protection of the national sovereignty and interests of the country. Today, we live in an international environment, and politics and security are closely intertwined. The law of international relations regulates relations between states and defines their rights and obligations in many areas, including trade, environmental protection, human rights, and peaceful coexistence. The principle of sovereignty is one of the most fundamental principles of international law. Therefore, each country is entitled to govern its territory and people without interference from other countries. The paper discusses how international law and sovereignty contribute to maintaining international order, security, and cooperation. International law not only provides a framework for resolving conflicts between states but also mechanisms for promoting international cooperation on a broad range of issues. It also provides a framework for the peaceful settlement of conflicts and protects vulnerable groups such as refugees and displaced persons. Are you aware of the contemporary challenges that threaten to protect our country’s sovereignty? It’s a crucial issue that needs our attention. Let’s understand the challenges we face in protecting our nation’s sovereignty.
EFFECT OF PRECIPITATION AND CONTAMINATION ORIGIN ON THE EFFICIENCY OF PINACOLYL ALCOHOL IDENTIFICATION IN CONCRETE DEBRIS
Authors: Pavlik Jakub , Rozsypal Tomas
Published: July 2024

Chemical warfare agents (CWAs) pose a significant threat to people and the environment. Nowadays, the war fights take place mostly in urban areas. Here, chemical weapons contaminate materials of different properties, and the behavior of the parent contaminant may vary. Concrete has an alkaline pH and rapidly decomposes chemical warfare agents. The study deals with the analysis of potentially contaminated concrete samples taken from the site of the alleged use of nerve CWA soman (GD, pinacolyl methylphosphonofluoridate) using gas chromatography. The final degradation product of soman alkaline hydrolysis – pinacolyl alcohol (3,3-dimethylbutan-2-ol) – was chosen as the analyte. The method for the preparation of the concrete samples included organic solvent extraction of the contaminant, in which two organic solvents with different polarity, namely acetone and ethyl acetate, were used separately for comparison. The applicability of the method; the extraction efficiency from concrete debris at given time intervals from the time of contamination to the start of extraction; the effect of moisture addition before and after contamination; and the effect of the extractant used were studied. The possibilities of wipe sampling of the concrete surface in case of point and area contamination with pinacolyl alcohol were also monitored. The precision of the quantitative analysis was expressed by measuring the standard deviation and was worse in the case of ethyl acetate. The highest recovery values were observed with extraction from dry concrete, followed by concrete moistened after contamination. In the case of area contamination, a lower efficiency of surface wipe sampling was found. The results are particularly useful in the field analysis of samples after the use of chemical weapons.
NIGHT VISION MONOCULAR - BASIC ELEMENTS AND DEVELOPMENT TRENDS
Authors: Stoychev Iliya , Hutov Iliyan
Published: July 2024

This article examines the fundamental elements and evolving trends in night vision monocular devices. The topicality of this topic lies in the ongoing advancements in sensor technologies, optics, and digital processing, which continually enhance the performance and accessibility of night vision devices. The purpose of this study is to provide a comprehensive overview of the basic components and recent developments in night vision monoculars. The study adopts a comparative analysis approach, examining the key features and functionalities of different generations of night vision technology and investigates emerging trends such as miniaturization, improved image resolution, and integration with digital interfaces. The methodology involves a thorough review of literature encompassing scientific articles, patents, and technical reports related to night vision technologies. Key aspects studied include image intensifier tubes, infrared sensors, objective lenses, and display systems. Additionally, recent research articles, technical reports, and product specifications are analyzed to identify emerging trends in monocular design and performance, in digital image processing algorithms and the integration of augmented reality functionalities. The findings underscore the importance of ongoing research and development in improving the performance and accessibility of night vision monoculars. Key conclusions include the growing role of digital imaging in night vision devices, the potential for further miniaturization of components, and the importance of optimizing cost-efficiency without compromising performance. In summary, this article provides insights into the foundational components and evolving trends of night vision monoculars, emphasizing the technological advancements driving the development of next-generation night vision devices. The findings contribute to a deeper understanding of the current state and future prospects of night vision technology.
THE SYSTEM OF EDUCATION, TRAINING AND RESEARCH IN THE FIELD OF SECURITY - MANAGING CHANGE THROUGH EXPERIENCE AND KNOWLEDGE
Authors: Stoykov Stoyko
Published: July 2024

Security is a complex system of higher order, in the broad sense of the word, and represents a condition that ensures a guaranteed protection by various means of vital interests of person, society and state from any external, internal, environmental, etc. threats and they can make their progress. Security is among the basic individual and group needs that stand out independently of the cost. Searching for and finding effective means for manageable changes in the system of education, training and scientific research in the sphere of security is crucial not only for the state's security, but for all further democratic development of the Republic of Bulgaria as a dignified partner but a source, not a consumer of security. In order to evolve in modern conditions, the system of education, training and scientific research in the sphere of security must be above all adaptive, i.e., capable of changing to respond to changes in the security environment. Change is not just one of the most important processes in one organization but an opportunity for its active and effective participation in this change. The focus of the proposed research is on the management of specific intellectual assets and the use of the organizational channels through which knowledge flows in the security system, proposing one of the most important security policies - the transformation of the security sector - to meet the basic principles , approaches and mechanisms for the integrated functioning of institutions in the field of security - because priority threats against security require prioritized actions and reforms in investments concerning priority actions and policies due to the limited and decreasing trends of national resources. Organizational development is the study and application of practices, systems, and techniques that effect organizational change, the goal of which is to change the performance and culture of an organization. The interrelationship and interdependence between structure, people, and procedures in the security education, training, and research system makes it imperative to follow an integrative model of organizational change that places assessment and design processes at the heart of successful organizational change
THE NUCLEAR FAMILY IN MODERN TERRORISM
Authors: Ivanov Dimo
Published: July 2024

The article aims to present the relationship between the nuclear family and its involvement in modern forms of terrorism. It reveals the reasons for the emergence of family terrorism based on the inculcated belief that certain moral qualities play a major role in the upbringing within the nuclear family. It also presents the challenges which affect parenting at the nuclear family level that must find their solution before many families become victims to a particular type of terrorism, be it political, religious, ethnic, or racial. In the dynamics of the studied problem, the achievements of scientific theory and the derivation of good practices face growing demands, the need to balance the used resources, satisfy the norms of international and national law, and at the same time the growing competitiveness of terrorist organizations and networks. This gives reason and gives rise to the need for continuous scientific research despite the indisputable achievements in the field, as well as the respectable publications of several leading authors. In the interest of the research, the methods of analysis and synthesis, and temporal monitoring of open sources, including scientific publications and information media, with a wide territorial scope, were used. To further enrich the analysis, in-depth interviews were conducted with experts in the field of countering radicalization and terrorism from Bulgaria, Israel, and Great Britain. Individual cases were also analyzed using the "case study" method, or the so-called "case studies".
MODEL FOR RECRUITING SERVICEMEN IN THE ARMED FORCES
Authors: Grigorov Grigor
Published: July 2024

In the decades of transition from conscript to professional armed forces, a number of unforeseen issues arose for the armed forces. One of the unresolved, but the most important and worrisome among them, is how the armed forces can attract and retain motivated personnel from the open labour market to fill the vacancy vacuum. Based on conducted research on the motivation of military personnel, the article examines a model for attracting them in the armed forces, analysing each of the elements that make it up and the interrelationships between them. This will contribute to enriching existing knowledge about work motivation and developing strategies for attracting and retaining military personnel.
CONCEPTUAL MODEL OF AN AUTOMATED SYSTEM FOR PROCESSING INFORMATION FROM OPEN SOURCES AND DETECTING INFORMATION DEVIATIONS
Authors: Yotova Ralitsa
Published: July 2024

This research focuses on the development of a Conceptual Model of an automated system for processing information from open sources and detecting information deviations. The purpose of the model is to provide a framework within which to develop and implement technologies and methods that will enable the system to effectively collect, process, and analyze information from a variety of sources. The automated system concept is intended to improve the efficiency and accuracy of intelligence work by using automated methods and algorithms to analyze large volumes of data and information. To achieve this goal, the components and functions of the system will be discussed, as well as the ways in which they interact. The model proposes an integrated approach combining different technologies and methods to achieve efficient information processing and detection of deviations. The proposed system has the potential to be applied not only in the security sector, but also in various fields such as business, finance, medicine, and others where information from open sources is essential for decision making.
LEGAL APPROACH TO IMPLEMENTING SECURITY MEASURES FOR COMBATTING THREATS TO NATIONAL CRITICAL INFRASTRUCTURES
Authors: Neikova Maria
Published: July 2024

The quality of life and security of all citizens, including all EU citizens, is closely related to the provision of essential services through interaction of different critical infrastructures. Cross sectoral measures are required to be implemented in order to obtain high level of protection and optimal minimisation of potential risks for critical infrastructures, as various potential risks could also affect national security. Taking into account the fact that the general framework on critical infrastructure sometimes could not sufficiently address all various challenges to critical infrastructures in each and every country, it is possible to consider complex legislative approach for implementation of security measures for combatting threats to national critical infrastructures. The current articles outlines the specifics of implementing legal approach in reference to combatting threats to national critical infrastructures in line with the EU regulatory framework and focusing also to Bulgarian national legal sources and practical challenges.
Conventional and innovative imaging modalities in bladder cancer: Techniques and applications
Authors: Masino Federica , Eusebi Laura , Muscatella Gianmichele , Montatore Manuela , Sortino Giuseppe , Giannubilo Willy , Guglielmi Giuseppe
Published: July 2024

This narrative review describes the current status of imaging in the evaluation of bladder cancer, considering conventional technologies such as ultrasonography, computed tomography urography, and magnetic resonance imaging, as well as novel technologies such as contrast-enhanced ultrasonography and dual-energy computed tomography.
The article is organized by first presenting an introduction on both the anatomy of the bladder (to understand its normal appearance on imaging) and the main features of bladder cancer with reference to epidemiology, clinical picture, classification, and treatment. Subsequently, the role of imaging is discussed, with an explanation of the technique and applications in bladder cancer assessment for each modality.
Imaging plays a critical role in the detection and staging of bladder cancer. In particular, the role of magnetic resonance imaging is expanding because it enables differentiating muscle-invasive bladder cancer from non-muscle-invasive bladder cancer using the Vesical Imaging-Reporting and Data System (VI-RADS), along with conventional technologies, such as computed tomography urography and ultrasonography. Contrast-enhanced ultrasound and dual-energy computed tomography are new imaging modalities that offer special advantages and provide the right approach to patients with oncological conditions. This review ends with the presentation of integrated imaging modalities such as positron emission tomography combined with computed tomography or magnetic resonance imaging, which are promising methods for bladder cancer staging.
Aspects of microbiological monitoring of the production environment in pharmaceutical and biotechnological manufacturing
Authors: Bogdanova Olga Yu. , Chernykh Tatiana F. , Bukovskaya Julia A.
Published: July 2024

This research is devoted to the pressing issue of improving the microbiological monitoring of the production environment and quality control of products in the pharmaceutical and biotechnological industries. It is emphasized that these industries are currently among the most profitable sectors of the Russian economy, but their manufactured products are subject to particularly high quality requirements. The modern operating conditions of these enterprises give rise to certain problems that require a standardized approach to their solution. In this regard, the task of improving the microbiological monitoring of the production environment, as well as quality control of products, becomes particularly relevant in order to optimize production processes and increase the level of safety of the manufactured goods. The paper proposes an approach to the identification and analysis of critical points of production, depending on the sources of potential microbial contamination. For each of the identified critical points, an analysis of potential problems has been carried out, the solution of which will make it possible to increase the effectiveness of the microbiological control system.
La formación basada en competencias y su articulación con el desarrollo sostenible en el sector público
Authors: Abreu González Orquidia Hailyn , Peraza de Aparicio Cruz Xiomara , López Gamboa Yoel , Pedraza González Xenia
Published: July 2024

Este trabajo aborda la formación basada en competencias (FBC) en los servidores públicos y su relación con el Desarrollo Sostenible (DS). En un contexto global marcado por desafíos ambientales, sociales y económicos, la capacidad de los funcionarios gubernamentales para abordar eficazmente estos problemas se ha vuelto crucial. La FBC es fundamental para la preparación de los servidores públicos, permitiéndoles adquirir las habilidades, conocimientos y actitudes necesarios para desempeñarse efectivamente en su labor. El objetivo de este estudio es proporcionar una visión integral sobre la importancia de la FBC en los servidores públicos como motor de cambio hacia un DS. Este artículo realiza un análisis de la literatura existente sobre el tema, explorando diferentes perspectivas teóricas y enfoques metodológicos utilizados en la investigación. La investigación se basa en un enfoque cualitativo, utilizando el método de investigación bibliográfica y la técnica de análisis documental. A partir de este estudio, se destaca la variedad de definiciones del tema, su contextualización, así como las diferentes posiciones científicas sobre el objeto de estudio en la región. Además, se identifican tendencias emergentes y se sugieren áreas para futuras investigaciones en este campo. En conclusión, este artículo proporciona una visión integral de la importancia de la FBC en los servidores públicos como un medio para alcanzar Objetivos de Desarrollo Sostenible a nivel local, nacional e internacional.
A Comparative Analysis of Data Transformation Methods for Constructing a Surface Roughness Model in Turning Processes
Authors: Thinh Hoang Xuan , Giang Nguyen Truong , Khiem Vu Van
Published: July 2024

Data conversion methods are used to transform datasets into new datasets, which may exhibit a distribution pattern different from the original dataset. Enhancing model accuracy is one of the applications of data transformation. This study compared the effectiveness of three data transformation methods: square root, logarithmic, and inverse transformation. This comparison was conducted in the context of constructing a surface roughness model for a turning process. Surface roughness plays a crucial role in determining corrosion resistance, chemical corrosion resistance, fatigue strength, and joint accuracy. These parameters significantly impact the product's operational ability and durability. An experimental turning process was performed, comprising a total of eighteen experiments designed using the Box-Behnken method. Surface roughness was selected as the response for each experiment. The three aforementioned data transformation methods were applied to the surface roughness dataset. Four surface roughness regression models were constructed, including a model without data transformation, a model with square root transformation, a model with logarithmic transformation, and a model with inverse transformation. The effectiveness of the three data transformation methods was compared using four metrics: Coefficient of Determination (R2), Adjusted Coefficient of Determination (R2(adj)), Mean Absolute Error (%MAE), and Mean Squared Error (%MSE). The study revealed that the logarithmic transformation was the most effective, followed by the square root transformation. The accuracy of the surface roughness regression model improved when utilizing these two transformations. The inverse transformation exhibited the least effectiveness among the three data transformation methods.
Arquitetura da informação para publicação de dados abertos conectados
Authors: Baptista Brandt Dra. Mariana , Aparcida Borsetti Gegorio Vidotti Dra. Silvana
Published: July 2024

Publication of linked open data is not widespread, preventing the web from reaching its full potential. Thus, the objective is to propose structuring the data directly in the information systems in which they are generated, through the inclusion of a step for representing the business metadata in RDF format, in the methodology of information architecture for business processes (AIPN). An analysis of the literature and documentation of the W3C was carried out, in addition to applied research. It was observed that there are analogous elements between the RDF structure and the AIPN, which enables the inclusion of a semantic structure in the production of data through an RDF description step of the business metadata.