bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Obstrução nasal total: estudo morfofuncional de um caso de sinéquia de palato mole e paredes faríngeas pós blastomicose
Authors: Ninno Camila Queiroz de Moraes Silveira Di , Figueiredo Júlia Siqueira Sepúlveda , Bosco Raquel Lívia Gonçalves , Cruz Sarah Márcia Sales da , Godinho Ricardo Neves , Miranda Izabel Cristina Campolina
Published: May 2011

TEMA: identificar as alterações morfofuncionais decorrentes de quinze anos de obstrução nasal total em um caso de sinéquia de palato mole e paredes faríngeas pós blastomicose. PROCEDIMENTOS: o trabalho foi baseado no estudo de caso de um adulto do gênero feminino, de 26 anos de idade, que chegou a um centro especializado em deformidades craniofaciais, com a queixa de não conseguir respirar pelo nariz. Sua dificuldade respiratória é decorrente de uma aderência total do palato mole com as paredes faríngeas, como sequela da blastomicose que teve no palato aos 11 anos de idade. RESULTADOS: na entrevista, a paciente relatou queixa de cefaléia, halitose, pouco rendimento físico, sonolência diurna e sono agitado durante a noite. Referiu também anosmia, mastigação lenta e engasgos frequentes. Durante a avaliação, observou-se respiração exclusivamente oral do tipo superior, mastigação bilateral alternada e lenta, deglutição adaptada e ressonância hiponasal de grau grave. Observou-se ainda face longa, perfil convexo, mandíbula retruída e olheiras. Os lábios da paciente encontravam-se entreabertos e ressecados, sendo o superior fino e o inferior evertido e avolumado e o palato duro apresenta-se atrésico, estreito e profundo. CONCLUSÃO: as características da paciente em questão são compatíveis com a Síndrome do Respirador Oral e pode-se supor que sejam consequências morfofuncionais de uma obstrução nasal total.
Lesões organofuncionais do tipo nódulos, pólipos e edema de Reinke
Authors: Cielo Carla Aparecida , Finger Leila Susana , Rosa Juliana de Caldas , Brancalioni Ana Rita
Published: May 2011

TEMA: lesões organofuncionais são formações benignas decorrentes de comportamento vocal alterado e inadequado, sendo as mais comuns: nódulos, pólipos vocais e edema de Reinke. OBJETIVO: realizar um estudo comparativo dos dados descritos na literatura sobre prega vocal normal e afecções organofuncionais do tipo nódulos, pólipos e edema de Reinke. O estudo foi realizado por meio de um levantamento bibliográfico em periódicos indexados no Science Direct, periódicos Capes, LILACS, SciELO, MedLine e Scopus e livros, no período de 1999 a 2010. CONCLUSÃO: a distribuição dos constituintes da matriz extracelular da lâmina própria lw32da mucosa, fibras elásticas, colágenas, ácido hialurônico e fibronectina, encontra-se alterada nas três afecções. Ocorre modificação das características vibratórias de amplitude, propagação da onda de mucosa e simetria do padrão vibratório devido à presença do aumento de massa nas pregas vocais, ao contrário do que se observa nas pregas vocais sem afecção. O sinal perceptivo-auditivo da qualidade vocal encontrado nas três lesões é a rouquidão, seguida da soprosidade e da aspereza (exceção do edema de Reinke), sinalizando a presença de ruído acústico à emissão, estando presente também, no edema de Reinke, o agravamento considerável da frequência fundamental. Quanto à etiologia observou-se a predominância dos usos incorretos, e quanto à incidência, nódulos e edema de Reinke predominam no sexo feminino e pólipos no sexo masculino.
Triagem auditiva neonatal: das alterações auditivas à análise molecular
Authors: Mello Jaqueline Medeiros de , Moraes Ana Maria Silveira Machado de , Mendonça Jeferson Cedaro de , Silva Daniela Álvares da , Hegeto Laise Adriane , Della-Rosa Valter Augusto
Published: May 2011

OBJETIVO: verificar a prevalência da deficiência auditiva em um programa de triagem auditiva neonatal e investigar mutações do gene GJB2 naqueles com suspeita de deficiência auditiva. MÉTODO: foi realizado estudo longitudinal com 908 RN a termo, pós-termo e pré-termo que foram submetidos à realização da triagem auditiva por meio do teste de Emissão Otoacústica Evocada por Estímulo Transiente (EOA-T) e reflexo cócleo-palpebral (RCP). Para os recém-nascidos, em que houve falha na triagem auditiva em uma ou ambas as orelhas, eram encaminhados para uma segunda avaliação. No reteste, quando o teste de EOA-T resultasse em não passa em uma ou ambas as orelhas, a criança era encaminhada para avaliação e conduta otorrinolaringológica. Após realização do Potencial Evocado Auditivo de Tronco Encefálico (PEATE) a equipe de avaliadores decidia se deveria encaminhar a criança para investigação da mutação. Quando havia suspeita de deficiência auditiva era colhido 3 mL de sangue venoso periférico para a pesquisa de mutação do gene da conexina 26. RESULTADOS: foi constatado a presença de deficiência auditiva condutiva em 2 recém-nascidos (0,22%) e neurossensorial em 1 (0,11%). Na criança com deficiência auditiva neurossensorial foi detectada a presença da mutação 35delG. CONCLUSÃO: a avaliação audiológica em conjunto com exames moleculares das principais mutações do gene GJB2 em recém-nascidos com suspeita da deficiência auditiva contribuiu para a rapidez do diagnóstico audiológico, visando uma intervenção precoce, aconselhamento genético e prognóstico educacional da criança.
Adaptação para a língua Portuguesa e aplicação de protocolo de avaliação das disartrias de origem central em pacientes com Doença de Parkinson
Authors: Fracassi Angélica Suelen , Gatto Ana Rita , Weber Silke , Spadotto André Augusto , Ribeiro Priscila Watson , Schelp Arthur Oscar
Published: May 2011

OBJETIVO: traduzir e adaptar protocolo desenvolvido por pesquisadores alemães, adequando-o às características fonéticas e linguísticas do português falado no Brasil. Caracterizar os componentes de fala mais alterados na população com doença de Parkinson, comparando-os com grupo de sujeitos normais na mesma faixa etária. MÉTODOS: realizou-se a tradução e adaptação do protocolo. Posteriormente foram avaliados 21 pacientes com diagnóstico neurológico de Doença de Parkinson nos estágios Hoehn &Yarh, entre 2 e 3, e 10 sujeitos normais. O protocolo incluía avaliação da respiração, fonação, ressonância, articulação, prosódia e a análise acústica dos parâmetros vocais. RESULTADOS: o protocolo mostrou-se de fácil aplicação clínica. Nos sujeitos com doença de Parkinson foram observadas alterações predominantes na fonação (85,9%) e articulação (42,9%). CONCLUSÃO: o estudo demonstrou ser o protocolo uma ferramenta eficiente para a avaliação da disartria em pacientes com doença de Parkinson.
Organizações culturais e a aprendizagem baseada em práticas
Authors: Flach Leonardo , Antonello Claudia Simone
Published: May 2011

Considerando que o objeto de estudo por si mesmo é uma questão de debate entre orientações intelectuais muitas vezes antagônicas, para a presente análise delimitou-se o foco em organizações que atuam no âmbito artístico e cultural e que não produzem em escala industrial. A questão que norteia este ensaio teórico é: quais são os processos de aprendizagem que permeiam o desenvolvimento de profissionais que trabalham em organizações que atuam no setor cultural e das artes? Na tentativa de responder esta indagação tem-se como objetivo principal discutir e explorar as contribuições da literatura sobre os processos de aprendizagem informal nas práticas de trabalho de profissionais que atuam nestas organizações. Assim, explora-se a visão da aprendizagem baseada em práticas como uma possibilidade para maior compreensão das organizações que atuam no setor de atividades culturais e artísticas.
Environmental contamination by fluoroquinolones
Authors: Frade Verônica Maria Fadário , Dias Meriellen , Teixeira Antonio Carlos Silva Costa , Palma Mauri Sergio Alves
Published: May 2011

Over the past few decades, a high number of pharmaceuticals have been detected in surface, ground and drinking waters. This contamination comes from domestic sewage, livestock, hospitals and chemical-pharmaceutical industries. Typical examples of these pollutants are the fluoroquinolones - powerful antibiotics used in human and veterinary medicine. The presence of fluoroquinolones in the environment can pose a serious threat to the ecosystem and to human health due to their high consumption globally: in 1998, around 120 tons were produced. Even at low environmental concentrations, antibiotics stimulate bacterial resistance. The consequences of the presence of fluoroquinolones in the environment are not fully understood, but are known to be toxic to plants and aquatic organisms. Approximately 85% of the fluoroquinolones present in influents can be removed by conventional wastewater treatment plants, but the removed fraction is frequently accumulated in the sludge, which is sometimes used as fertilizer, representing an additional input route into the environment. The removal of fluoroquinolones by biological treatment is ineffective, and it is believed that only advanced oxidation technologies are able to destroy these emerging pollutants.
Test of dissolution and comparison of in vitro dissolution profiles of coated ranitidine tablets marketed in Bahia, Brazil
Authors: Santos Júnior Aníbal de Freitas , Barbosa Igor Santos , Santos Venyson Lima dos , Silva Rangel Leal , Caetite Junior Edimar
Published: May 2011

Ranitidine is an antisecretory drug with H2 antagonist action useful in treating gastric and duodenal disorders. The dissolution test is used to obtain and compare dissolution profiles and establish similarities of pharmaceutical forms. The aim of this study was to compare the dissolution profiles of 150-mg coated ranitidine tablets of a reference drug (product A) and a generic (product B) and a similar (product C) drug marketed in Bahia, Brazil using a simple, fast and inexpensive ultraviolet method. Dissolution was determined using a USP type 2 apparatus at 50 rpm with 900 mL of distilled water at 37.0 ± 0.5 oC for 1h. The dissolution test was performed in compliance with the American Pharmacopoeia (USP-32). Dissolution efficiency and difference (f1) and similarity (f2) factors were calculated and evaluated. The proposed quantification methodology for drug dissolution test was validated, presenting accuracy, linearity and precision within the acceptance criteria. Products A, B and C showed dissolution efficiency values of 59.29, 73.59 and 66.67%, respectively. Factors f1 and f2 were calculated and showed that the profiles of products A, B and C were dissimilar. However, all the products released ranitidine satisfactorily, with at least 80% of the drug dissolved within 30 min.
Development and optimization of self microemulsifying drug delivery of domperidone
Authors: Laddha Pankaj , Suthar Vrunda , Butani Shital
Published: May 2011

The present investigation is aimed to develop self-microemulsifying drug delivery system (SMEDDS) to improve the in vitro dissolution of a BCS (Biopharmaceutical Classification System) class II anti emetic agent, domperidone. Solubility study was performed to identify the ingredients showing highest solubility of domperidone. The ternary phase diagrams were plotted for selected components to identify the area of microemulsion existence. D-optimal mixture experimental design was applied to optimize a liquid SMEDDS using formulation variables; the oil phase X1 (Oleic acid), the surfactant X2 (Labrasol) and the co-surfactant X3 (Transcutol HP). The liquid SMEDDS were evaluated for droplet size, emulsification time, % transmittance and drug release. Stability study was performed at 40 °C/75% RH. Liquid formulation was solidified by adsorption on carrier Aerosil 300. Solid SMEDDS was evaluated and compared with liquid SMEDDS and marketed formulation. Oleic acid was selected as oil, Labrasol as surfactant and Transcutol HP as co-surfactant for formulation of SMEDDS. The optimized batch showed best results in terms of smaller droplet size (<170 nm), emulsification time (<40 s) and drug release (>85% in 15 min) and was stable for 3 months. Solid SMEDDS containing Aerosil 300 showed good flow properties and uniform drug content. XRPD study revealed that the crystalline drug was converted to amorphous form in solid SMEDDS. The rate and extent of drug dissolution from solid SMEDDS was significantly higher than pure drug and commercial tablet formulation. The results demonstrate the potential of SMEDDS as a means of improving solubility, dissolution and hence the bioavailability.
Protection effect of sanguinarine on whole-body exposure of X radiation in BALB/c mice
Authors: Xu Jia-Ying , Zhao Lin , Chong Yu , Jiao Yang , Qin Li-Qiang , Fan Sai-Jun
Published: May 2011

To investigate the effects of sanguinarine (SAN) on acute radiation induced injury in mice, 45 mice were randomly divided into control, 10 Gy and SAN+10 Gy groups. Mice in the 10 Gy and SAN+10 Gy groups were exposed to single X-ray radiation with an accumulated dose of 10 Gy. Mice in the SAN+10 Gy group were administered intraperitoneally with 2.5 mg/kg body weight of SAN before radiation. Five days after radiation exposure, 5 mice from each group were sacrificed and samples of the small intestine, lung, spleen and liver were fixed for histopathological examinations. Compared with the 10 Gy group, radiation sickness was obviously delayed or attenuated in the SAN+10 Gy group. Survival analysis showed a significant difference between 2 radiation groups (P<0.05) and mean survival time was 3 days longer in the SAN+10 Gy group than in the 10 Gy group (7.21±0.19 vs. 4.20±0.13, P<0.001). Radiation-induced organ damage, based on histopathological examinations, was decreased by SAN pretreatment. Chiu’s pathology grading scores, which is an index of intestinal damage, was significantly lower in the SAN+10 Gy group than in the 10 Gy group (2.77±0.48 vs. 4.37±0.31, P<0.01). A similar result was obtained in the pathological score of lung (1.67±0.21 vs. 2.33±0.38, P<0.01). Our preliminary findings demonstrated that SAN protects animals against radiation-induced sickness and acute damage to organs and following animal death.
Validation of impregnation process for homeopathic globules by spectrophotometric-UV method
Authors: Pinheiro Mariana Santos , Aguiar Paula Fernandes de , Quaresma Carla Holandino , Garcia Sheila
Published: May 2011

We compared the impregnation techniques for globules according to the Manual of Technical Norms for Homeopathic Pharmacies (MNTFH) of the Association of Homeopathic Pharmacists (ABFH), Brazilian Homeopathic Pharmacopoeia (FHB) and variations of these techniques. The variables were evaluated in this procedure, three different sizes of globules (N o . 3, 5 and 7), the hydroalcoholic solution of 70% (v/v) Minoxidil 2% (w/v) was used to impregnate the globules in concentrations of 2, 3, 4, 5% (v/w) and the impregnation at 10 %(v/w) was used hydroalcoholic solutions at 70, 80 and 90% (v/v), and four impregnation techniques various ( A -glass, B -paper, C -cup and D -FHB). As the results of content uniformity did not demonstrate a normal distribution, the one way ANOVA and a nonparametric statistical model were used for evaluation. Considering the average, the standard deviation (SD), the individual variance of each group and the principal components analysis graphs (PCA), it was observed that the “A” impregnation of globules technique, with 5% (v/w) of the impregnation concentrations and the No.5 globule presented the best uniformity of dose. As to the drying, there was a need to use a heat source.
Analysis of the pharmaceutical assistance cycle in Romelândia, Santa Catarina, Brazil
Authors: Prevedello Patrícia , Busato Maria Assunta
Published: May 2011

The Pharmaceutical Assistance Cycle (PA) is the basis for healthcare services through which pharmaceutical assistance and expertise can be implemented in a functional and structured way to meet public health demands, adhere to the Brazilian Ministry of Health vision, and strike a balance in the contemporary struggle for health equity. The aim of this research is to analyze the effectiveness of the PA cycle in the city of Romelândia (SC), through a study conducted at a Primary Healthcare Unit in the municipality. For the study, 120 patients (service users) and seven healthcare professionals were interviewed. The majority of patients confirmed that they were given advice and instruction on dosage during the dispensing process, as well as advice on the recommended use of medicines and course duration. A small number of service users, 4.1%, said that they received instructions on adverse drug interactions; 36.6% commented on a lack of access to medicines available in the municipal pharmacy, and 71.4% of the health professionals interviewed, identified non-availability of medicines in the pharmacy as the most pressing and telling problem facing the service. There is also no local Pharmacy and Therapeutics Committee, and the only selection criteria is the Ministry of Health essential medicines list. Our study has therefore identified several weaknesses facing the city healthcare service, namely: the shortage of medicines; a lack of resolute professional communication between pharmacist and service user; a lack of patient counseling during the dispensing process, and a lack of communication regarding patient follow-up treatment and wellbeing.
Evaluation of Prunus domestica gum as a novel tablet binder
Authors: Rahim Haroon , Khan Mir Azam , Badshah Amin , Chishti Kamran Ahmad , Khan Salimullah , Junaid Muhammad
Published: May 2011

To evaluate binding potential of Prunus domestica gum in tablets formulations. Six tablet batches (F-1B to F-6B) were prepared by wet granulation method, containing Avicel pH 101 as diluent, sodium diclofenac as model drug using 10, 15 and 20 mg of Prunus domestica gum as binder and PVP K30 was used as standard binder. Magnesium stearate was used as lubricant. Flow properties of granules like bulk density, tapped density, Carr index, Hausner’s ratio, angle of repose as well as physical parameters of the compressed tablets including hardness, friability, thickness and disintegration time were determined and found to be satisfactory. The FTIR spectroscopic analysis showed that the formulation containing plant gum is compatible with the drug and other excipients used in tablets formulation. Hence the plant gum has role as a potential binder in tablets formulations. The dissolution profile showed that tablets formulations containing Prunus domestica gum 15 mg/200 mg of total weight of tablet as binder showed better results as compared to PVP K30.
Design and optimization of self-microemulsifying drug delivery system (SMEDDS) of felodipine for chronotherapeutic application
Authors: Ansari Khalid Akhter , Pagar Kunal Pratap , Anwar Shoeb , Vavia Pradeep Ratilal
Published: May 2011

The objective of this research work was to design, develop and optimize the self micro-emulsifying drug delivery system (SMEDDS) of Felodipine (FL) filled in hard gelatine capsule coated with polymer in order to achieve rapid drug release after a desired time lag in the management of hypertension. Microemulsion is composed of a FL, Lauroglycol FCC, Transcutol P and Cremophor EL. The optimum surfactant to co-surfactant ratio was found to be 2:1. The resultant microemulsions have a particle size in the range of 65-85 nm and zeta potential value of -13.71 mV. FL release was adequately adjusted by using pH independent polymer i.e. ethyl cellulose along with dibutyl phthalate as plasticizer. Influence of formulation variables like viscosity of polymer, type of plasticizer and percent coating weight gain was investigated to characterize the time lag. The developed formulation of FL SMEDDS capsules coated with ethyl cellulose showed time lag of 5-7 h which is desirable for chronotherapeutic application.
Validation of analytical methodology for quantification of cefazolin sodium pharmaceutical dosage form by high performance liquid chromatography to be applied for quality control in pharmaceutical industry
Authors: Pedroso Tahisa Marcela , Salgado Hérida Regina Nunes
Published: May 2011

A reversed-phase high performance liquid chromatography method was validated for the determination of cefazolin sodium in lyophilized powder for solution for injection to be applied for quality control in pharmaceutical industry. The liquid chromatography method was conducted on a Zorbax Eclipse Plus C18 column (250 x 4.6 mm, 5 μm), maintained at room temperature. The mobile phase consisted of purified water: acetonitrile (60: 40 v/v), adjusted to pH 8 with triethylamine. The flow rate was of 0.5 mL min-1 and effluents were monitored at 270 nm. The retention time for cefazolin sodium was 3.6 min. The method proved to be linear (r2=0.9999) over the concentration range of 30-80 µg mL-1. The selectivity of the method was proven through degradation studies. The method demonstrated satisfactory results for precision, accuracy, limits of detection and quantitation. The robustness of this method was evaluated using the Plackett–Burman fractional factorial experimental design with a matrix of 15 experiments and the statistical treatment proposed by Youden and Steiner. Finally, the proposed method could be also an advantageous option for the analysis of cefazolin sodium, contributing to improve the quality control and to assure the therapeutic efficacy.
Effect of the addition of inulin on the nutritional, physical and sensory parameters of bread
Authors: Brasil Jacira Antonia , Silveira Karina Correia da , Salgado Silvana Magalhães , Livera Alda Verônica Souza , Faro Zelyta Pinheiro de , Guerra Nonete Barbosa
Published: May 2011

The present work evaluated the effect of the addition of inulin on sensory, nutritional and physical parameters of white bread. Three formulations containing 0%, 6% and 10% of inulin were produced. Physical analyses of mass, volume, specific volume, density, centesimal composition, glycemic index (GI) and qualitative descriptive sensory analyses, were carried out. The reduction in bread volume seen with 10% inulin was higher than that reported in the literature. Bread weight did not differ statistically. There was an 85% reduction in fat content for bread with 6% inulin and 86% for bread containing 10% inulin. Glycemic index in bread containing 10% inulin was lower than bread with 6% inulin and equal to inulin-free bread. A level of 6% inulin added to bread was regarded to yield good sensory quality.
Influência da largura do septo inter-radicular sobre a estabilidade dos mini-implantes
Authors: Gigliotti Mariana Pracucio , Janson Guilherme , Barros Sérgio Estelita Cavalcante , Chiqueto Kelly , Freitas Marcos Roberto de
Published: May 2011

OBJETIVO: este estudo teve como objetivo avaliar a influência da largura do septo inter-radicular no local de inserção de mini-implantes autoperfurantes sobre o grau de estabilidade desses dispositivos de ancoragem. MÉTODOS: a amostra consistiu de 40 mini-implantes inseridos entre as raízes do primeiro molar e segundo pré-molar superiores de 21 pacientes, com o intuito de fornecer ancoragem para retração anterior. A largura do septo no local de inserção (LSI) foi mensurada nas radiografias pós-cirúrgicas e, sob esse aspecto, os mini-implantes foram divididos em dois grupos: grupo 1 (áreas críticas, LSI<3mm) e grupo 2 (áreas não críticas, LSI>3mm). A estabilidade dos mini-implantes foi avaliada mensalmente pela quantificação do grau de mobilidade e a partir dessa variável foi calculada a proporção de sucesso. Avaliou-se também: a quantidade de placa, altura de inserção, grau de sensibilidade e período de observação. RESULTADOS: os resultados obtidos demonstraram que não houve diferença estatisticamente significativa para o grau de mobilidade e proporção de sucesso entre os mini-implantes inseridos em septos de largura mesiodistal crítica e não crítica. A proporção de sucesso total encontrada foi de 90% e nenhuma variável demonstrou estar relacionada ao insucesso dos mini-implantes. No entanto, observou-se maior sensibilidade nos pacientes cujos mini-implantes apresentavam mobilidade, e que a falha desses dispositivos de ancoragem ocorria logo após sua inserção. CONCLUSÃO: a largura do septo inter-radicular no local de inserção não interferiu na estabilidade dos mini-implantes autoperfurantes avaliados neste estudo.
Utilização de documentação ortodôntica na identificação humana
Authors: Silva Rhonan Ferreira da , Chaves Patrícia , Paranhos Luiz Renato , Lenza Marcos Augusto , Daruge Júnior Eduardo
Published: May 2011

OBJETIVO: o objetivo deste trabalho é relatar um caso pericial onde um indivíduo encontrado carbonizado foi identificado utilizando-se as informações presentes na sua documentação ortodôntica. MÉTODOS: um indivíduo do sexo masculino foi encontrado carbonizado no interior de um automóvel. Após a realização dos exames periciais no local, exames necroscópicos e radiográficos no Instituto Médico-Legal, identificou-se que a vítima utilizava aparelho ortodôntico fixo, possuía dentes supranumerários nas quatro hemiarcadas, terceiros molares semi-inclusos e restaurações de amálgama em determinadas faces de diversos dentes. Como os tecidos moles do indivíduo apresentavam-se bastante destruídos, uma identificação pela análise das impressões digitais tornou-se inviável. Após a entrega da documentação ortodôntica pela família, foi feita a análise do prontuário clínico, radiografias, fotografias intra e extrabucais e modelos de gesso - confrontando-se essas informações com as obtidas anteriormente. RESULTADOS E CONCLUSÕES: o confronto odontolegal revelou 20 pontos concordantes do exame necroscópico e da documentação ortodôntica, permitindo a determinação de uma correlação positiva entre o cadáver examinado e a identidade da pessoa desaparecida, tornando-se desnecessária a realização de outros exames para a identificação da vítima (exame de DNA).
Bruxismo do sono: possibilidades terapêuticas baseadas em evidências
Authors: Machado Eduardo , Machado Patricia , Cunali Paulo Afonso , Dal Fabbro Cibele
Published: May 2011

INTRODUÇÃO: o bruxismo do sono (BS) é uma desordem de movimentos estereotipados e periódicos, associados ao ranger e/ou apertar de dentes durante o sono, decorrentes da contração rítmica dos músculos mastigatórios. Essa condição não é uma doença, porém quando exacerbada pode ocasionar desequilíbrio e alteração das estruturas orofaciais. Dessa forma, surge a necessidade de se obter terapêuticas efetivas e seguras para o controle e o manejo do paciente bruxômano. As alternativas de tratamento variam desde terapêuticas orodentais e farmacológicas até técnicas comportamentais-cognitivas. OBJETIVOS: através de uma revisão sistemática da literatura, tendo como bases de pesquisa a Medline, Cochrane, Embase, Pubmed, Lilacs e BBO, no período compreendido entre 1990 e 2008, e com enfoque em estudos clínicos randomizados e quasi-randomizados, revisões sistemáticas e meta-análises, esse trabalho teve como objetivo analisar e discutir métodos de tratamento para o BS. RESULTADOS: pela análise da literatura verifica-se que existe uma grande quantidade de opções terapêuticas para o BS, porém muitas das terapias não têm suporte científico que as sustente. Assim, a escolha terapêutica deve ser pautada em evidências científicas e no bom senso clínico, objetivando uma melhora na qualidade de vida do paciente bruxômano.
Checklist dos aspectos estéticos a serem considerados no diagnóstico e tratamento do sorriso gengival
Authors: Seixas Máyra Reis , Costa-Pinto Roberto Amarante , Araújo Telma Martins de
Published: May 2011

INTRODUÇÃO: a exposição exagerada da gengiva ao sorrir é um dos problemas que afetam negativamente a estética do sorriso e, na maioria das vezes, está relacionada à atuação conjunta de alguns fatores etiológicos. A análise sistematizada de alguns aspectos do sorriso e da posição de repouso dos lábios facilita a correta avaliação desses pacientes. OBJETIVO: apresentar um checklist de características dentolabiais e ilustrar como esse método de registro de dados, durante o diagnóstico ortodôntico, pode facilitar a tomada de decisões no tratamento do sorriso gengival, que geralmente envolve o conhecimento da Ortodontia e de outras especialidades médico-odontológicas.
Cleft Lip and Palate Surgery Carried Out by One Team in Uganda: Where Have All the Palates Gone?
Authors: Wilson Joanna , Hodges Andrew
Published: May 2011

Objective

To determine the distribution of clefts in our operated population in comparison with data in the world literature.

Design

A retrospective review of hospital-based cleft procedures undertaken in Uganda over a 10-year period by one surgical team.

Patients

1304 newly presenting cleft patients were identified and analyzed by sex, laterality, and type of cleft, and data were compared with the literature.

Results

We found male predominance in cleft lip (CL) and/or palate patients and female predominance in isolated cleft palate (CP) patients. Left-sided CLs presented more frequently than right-sided, bilateral, and midline cleft lips at a ratio of 50:38:11:1. Patients presented most commonly with an isolated CL, followed by cleft lip and palate (CLP), with a small number presenting with isolated CP (966, 306, and 32, respectively).

Conclusion

The distribution of sex and laterality broadly correlates with findings of other studies; however, a large discrepancy in the proportions of CL, CLP, and CP is apparent. Much higher numbers of CLs and much lower numbers of CLP and CP presented than would be expected in comparison with worldwide literature (2% of patients had an isolated CP). It is hypothesized that the low numbers of patients presenting with combined CLP and CP are due to high mortality among this cohort. If this hypothesis is correct, then in this series of 1304 cleft patients, as many as 3526 CP patients (91% of all CPs) are missing and probably died before undergoing surgical correction.
Professional Oral Hygiene as a Therapeutic Option for Pediatric Patients With Plasma Cell Gingivitis: Preliminary Results of a Prospective Case Series
Authors: Arduino Paolo G. , D'Aiuto Francesco , Cavallito Claudio , Carcieri Paola , Carbone Mario , Conrotto Davide , Defabianis Patrizia , Broccoletti Roberto
Published: May 2011

Background: Plasma cell gingivitis (PCG) is a rare, benign inflammatory condition of unclear etiology with no definitive standard of care ever reported to our knowledge. The aim of this case series is to ascertain the clinical efficacy of professional oral hygiene and periodontal therapy in younger individuals with a histologically confirmed diagnosis of PCG.

Methods: All patients received non‐surgical periodontal therapy, including oral hygiene instructions, and thorough supragingival scaling and polishing with the removal of all deposits and staining combined with the use of antimicrobials in a 9‐week cohort study. Clinical outcome variables were recorded at baseline and 4 weeks after the intervention and included, as periodontal parameters, full‐mouth plaque scores (FMPS), full‐mouth bleeding scores (FMBS), the clinical extension of gingival involvement, and patient‐related outcomes (visual analog score of pain).

Results: A total of 11 patients (six males and five females; mean age: 11 ± 0.86 years) were recruited. Four weeks after finishing the oral hygiene and periodontal therapy protocol, a statistically significant reduction was observed for FMPS (P = 0.000), FMBS (P = 0.000), reported pain (P = 0.003) and clinical gingival involvement (P = 0.003).

Conclusion: Standard, professional oral hygiene procedures and non‐surgical periodontal therapy including antimicrobials were associated with a marked improvement of clinical and patient‐related outcomes in pediatric cases of PCG.
Relationship Between Herpesviruses and Periodontopathogens in Patients With HIV and Periodontitis
Authors: Grande Sabrina R. , Imbronito Ana V. , Okuda Osmar S. , Pannuti Claudio M. , Nunes Fabio D. , Lima Luiz A.
Published: May 2011

Background: The purpose of the present study is to verify a possible association between herpesviruses and periodontal pathogens in individuals with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) and periodontitis.

Methods: Twenty‐seven patients with HIV and chronic periodontitis and 23 patients with HIV and gingivitis were included in the study. Probing depth, clinical attachment loss, gingival index, and plaque index were recorded. Blood, saliva, and subgingival plaque were processed for viral and bacterial identification. Bacteria were identified by 16S rRNA‐based polymerase chain reaction and viruses by the nested polymerase chain reaction.

Results: For the chronic periodontitis group, Epstein‐Barr (EBV)‐1 (70.4%) and Tannerella forsythia (Tf) (51.8%) presented higher detection in subgingival plaque and saliva (81.5% and 40.7%, respectively) than in blood (22% and 0%, respectively) (P <0.005 and P <0.0001, respectively). Porphyromonas gingivalis (Pg) was more frequent in subgingival plaque (77.7%; P <0.0001). In the gingivitis group, Pg and human cytomegalovirus (HCMV) presented higher frequency in subgingival plaque (95.6% and 91.3%, respectively; P <0.0001 and P = 0.004). Tf and EBV‐1 were detected more frequently in subgingival plaque (47.8% and 78.3%, respectively) and saliva (52.2% and 52.2%, respectively; P = 0.004 and P <0.005) than in blood. EBV‐1, EBV‐1–HCMV, and presence of different viruses presented an association with periodontitis in saliva.

Conclusions: No association was detected for herpesviruses and periodontal pathogens in patients who are HIV‐positive with periodontitis. EBV‐1 and coinfection (EBV‐1–HCMV) were associated with patients who are HIV‐positive with periodontitis.
Porous Titanium Granules in the Treatment of Mandibular Class II Furcation Defects: A Consecutive Case Series
Authors: Wohlfahrt Johan Caspar , Lyngstadaas Ståle Petter , Heijl Lars , Aass Anne Merete
Published: May 2011

Background: The osteoconductive potential of titanium is interesting from the perspective of periodontal surgery and reconstitution of osseous defects. The aim of the present consecutive case series is to evaluate a surgical strategy based on the use of porous titanium granules (PTG) in the treatment of Class II buccal furcation defects in mandibular molars in humans.

Methods: Surgical intervention with PTG used as a bone graft substitute was performed in 10 patients with 10 mandibular Class II buccal furcation defects. Clinical parameters (probing depth (PD), clinical attachment level (CAL), gingival recession (GR), gingival index (GI), bleeding on probing (BOP), and horizontal and vertical bone sounding) and radiographic measurements of vertical furcation height were compared among baseline (presurgery), 6, and 12 months (post‐surgery). The significance level (α) was set at 0.05.

Results: With respect to vertical and horizontal bone sounding measurements, CAL, and GR, no significant improvements between baseline and the 12‐month examination were seen. Both PD and radiographic vertical furcation height were significantly reduced between baseline and 12 months. When comparing the baseline to 12‐month data, a significantly lower GI score was seen but the BOP score was unchanged. None of the treated teeth showed radiographic signs of root resorption.

Conclusion: This study suggests that PTG is safe to use in close proximity to root surfaces, but no significant improvements in clinical endpoints of defect resolution were observed.
Evaluation of Self‐Reported Measures for Prediction of Periodontitis in a Sample of Brazilians
Authors: Cyrino Renata Magalhães , Miranda Cota Luís Otávio , Pereira Lages Eugênio José , Bastos Lages Elizabeth Maria , Costa Fernando Oliveira
Published: May 2011

Background: Questionnaires including self‐reported measures have become effective as a means of accessing many diseases. The aim of the present study is to evaluate the performance of a set of self‐reported periodontal measures on estimating the prevalence of periodontitis.

Methods: The sample comprised 284 individuals, aged 18 to 60 years, from Belo Horizonte, Brazil. Full‐mouth periodontal examinations were performed and periodontal parameters were recorded. Periodontitis was categorized as no or mild, moderate, and severe. Each participant answered 18 questions covering sociodemographic variables, known risk factors, and self‐reported periodontal measures. Questions were globally tested through logistic regression analysis.

Results: The complete final model for moderate periodontitis included age, dental flossing, and gum disease (sensitivity = 23.1%; specificity = 98%; area under the receiver operating characteristic curve = 75.4%). The complete final model for severe periodontitis included all previously cited variables in addition to the number of teeth (sensitivity = 36.4%; specificity = 96.9%; area under the receiver operating characteristic curve = 85.3%).

Conclusions: Self‐reported periodontal measures showed a moderate predictive value for periodontitis prevalence. The use of these measures could be a good strategy in investigating prevalence of periodontal disease.
The Effect of Peer-Driven Intervention on Rates of Screening for AIDS Clinical Trials Among African Americans and Hispanics
Authors: Gwadz Marya Viorst , Leonard Noelle R. , Cleland Charles M. , Riedel Marion , Banfield Angela , Mildvan Donna ,   the ACT2 Project Collaborative Research Team
Published: May 2011

Objectives. We examined the efficacy of a peer-driven intervention to increase rates of screening for AIDS clinical trials among African Americans and Hispanics living with HIV/AIDS.

Methods. We used a randomized controlled trial design to examine the efficacy of peer-driven intervention (6 hours of structured sessions and the opportunity to educate 3 peers) compared with a time-matched control intervention. Participants were recruited using respondent-driven sampling (n = 342; 43.9% female; 64.9% African American, 26.6% Hispanic). Most participants (93.3%) completed intervention sessions and 64.9% recruited or educated peers. Baseline and post-baseline interviews (94.4% completed) were computer-assisted. A mixed model was used to examine intervention effects on screening.

Results. Screening was much more likely in the peer-driven intervention than in the control arm (adjusted odds ratio [AOR] = 55.0; z = 5.49, P < .001); about half of the participants in the intervention arm (46.0%) were screened compared with 1.6% of controls. The experience of recruiting and educating each peer also increased screening odds among those who were themselves recruited and educated by peers (AOR = 1.4; z = 2.06, P < .05).

Conclusions. Peer-driven intervention was highly efficacious in increasing AIDS clinical trial screening rates among African Americans and Hispanics living with HIV/AIDS.
Estimates and Determinants of Sexual Violence Against Women in the Democratic Republic of Congo
Authors: Peterman Amber , Palermo Tia , Bredenkamp Caryn
Published: May 2011

Objectives. We sought to provide data-based estimates of sexual violence in the Democratic Republic of Congo (DRC) and describe risk factors for such violence.

Methods. We used nationally representative household survey data from 3436 women selected to answer the domestic violence module who took part in the 2007 DRC Demographic and Health Survey along with population estimates to estimate levels of sexual violence. We used multivariate logistic regression to analyze correlates of sexual violence.

Results. Approximately 1.69 to 1.80 million women reported having been raped in their lifetime (with 407 397–433 785 women reporting having been raped in the preceding 12 months), and approximately 3.07 to 3.37 million women reported experiencing intimate partner sexual violence. Reports of sexual violence were largely independent of individual-level background factors. However, compared with women in Kinshasa, women in Nord-Kivu were significantly more likely to report all types of sexual violence.

Conclusions. Not only is sexual violence more generalized than previously thought, but our findings suggest that future policies and programs should focus on abuse within families and eliminate the acceptance of and impunity surrounding sexual violence nationwide while also maintaining and enhancing efforts to stop militias from perpetrating rape.
Buoyancy heat transfer in staggered dividing square enclosure
Authors: Terekhov Viktor , Chichindaev Alexander , Ekaid Ali
Published: May 2011

This study represents the results of numerical simulation of fluid motion and
free-convective heat transfer in a square cavity with partitions mounted on
the lower (heated) and upper (cooled) walls. The height of partitions and
their heat conductivity were varied Kr = 2 ? 8000 together with Rayleigh
number Ra = 103 ? 106, which corresponded to the laminar flow. It is assumed
that vertical walls of the cavity are adiabatic, and its horizontal walls are
kept at constant, but different temperatures. The numerical solution based on
transformation of determining equations by the method of finite differences
was achieved. The obtained results show that the surface-average heat
transfer coefficient decreases with a rise of partition height due to the
suppression of convection. Also the results show that with an increase in
heat conductivity coefficient of partitions, the Nusselt number increases
significantly. In addition, it was found that when the value of relative heat
conductivity coefficient changes by four orders, Nu number for the highest
partitions changes by the factor of 1.5 - 2 only and integral heat transfer
through the whole interlayer increases with development of the heat
exchanging area.
Diabetes Adversely Affects Macrophages During Atherosclerotic Plaque Regression in Mice
Authors: Parathath Saj , Grauer Lisa , Huang Li-Shin , Sanson Marie , Distel Emilie , Goldberg Ira J. , Fisher Edward A.
Published: May 2011

OBJECTIVE

Patients with diabetes have increased cardiovascular risk. Atherosclerosis in these patients is often associated with increased plaque macrophages and dyslipidemia. We hypothesized that diabetic atherosclerosis involves processes that impair favorable effects of lipid reduction on plaque macrophages.

RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS

Reversa mice are LDL receptor–deficient mice that develop atherosclerosis. Their elevated plasma LDL levels are lowered after conditional knockout of the gene encoding microsomal triglyceride transfer protein. We examined the morphologic and molecular changes in atherosclerotic plaques in control and streptozotocin-induced diabetic Reversa mice after LDL lowering. Bone marrow–derived macrophages were also used to study changes mediated by hyperglycemia.

RESULTS

Reversa mice were fed a western diet for 16 weeks to develop plaques (baseline). Four weeks after lipid normalization, control (nondiabetic) mice had reduced plasma cholesterol (−77%), plaque cholesterol (−53%), and plaque cells positive for macrophage marker CD68+ (−73%), but increased plaque collagen (+116%) compared with baseline mice. Diabetic mice had similarly reduced plasma cholesterol, but collagen content increased by only 34% compared with baseline; compared with control mice, there were lower reductions in plaque cholesterol (−30%) and CD68+ cells (−41%). Diabetic (vs. control) plaque CD68+ cells also exhibited more oxidant stress and inflammatory gene expression and less polarization toward the anti-inflammatory M2 macrophage state. Many of the findings in vivo were recapitulated by hyperglycemia in mouse bone marrow–derived macrophages.

CONCLUSIONS

Diabetes hindered plaque regression in atherosclerotic mice (based on CD68+ plaque content) and favorable changes in plaque macrophage characteristics after the reduction of elevated plasma LDL.
Postprandial and Fasting Hepatic Glucose Fluxes in Long-Standing Type 1 Diabetes
Authors: Kacerovsky Michaela , Jones John , Schmid Albrecht I. , Barosa Cristina , Lettner Angelika , Kacerovsky-Bielesz Gertrud , Szendroedi Julia , Chmelik Marek , Nowotny Peter , Chandramouli Visvanathan , Wolzt Michael , Roden Michael
Published: May 2011

OBJECTIVE

Intravenous insulin infusion partly improves liver glucose fluxes in type 1 diabetes (T1D). This study tests the hypothesis that continuous subcutaneous insulin infusion (CSII) normalizes hepatic glycogen metabolism.

RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS

T1D with poor glycemic control (T1Dp; HbA1c: 8.5 ± 0.4%), T1D with improved glycemic control on CSII (T1Di; 7.0 ± 0.3%), and healthy humans (control subjects [CON]; 5.2 ± 0.4%) were studied. Net hepatic glycogen synthesis and glycogenolysis were measured with in vivo 13C magnetic resonance spectroscopy. Endogenous glucose production (EGP) and gluconeogenesis (GNG) were assessed with [6,6-2H2]glucose, glycogen phosphorylase (GP) flux, and gluconeogenic fluxes with 2H2O/paracetamol.

RESULTS

When compared with CON, net glycogen synthesis was 70% lower in T1Dp (P = 0.038) but not different in T1Di. During fasting, T1Dp had 25 and 42% higher EGP than T1Di (P = 0.004) and CON (P < 0.001; T1Di vs. CON: P = NS). GNG was 74 and 67% higher in T1Dp than in T1Di (P = 0.002) and CON (P = 0.001). In T1Dp, GP flux (7.0 ± 1.6 μmol ⋅ kg−1 ⋅ min−1) was twofold higher than net glycogenolysis, but comparable in T1Di and CON (3.7 ± 0.8 and 4.9 ± 1.0 μmol ⋅ kg−1 ⋅ min−1). Thus T1Dp exhibited glycogen cycling (3.5 ± 2.0 μmol ⋅ kg−1 ⋅ min−1), which accounted for 47% of GP flux.

CONCLUSIONS

Poorly controlled T1D not only exhibits augmented fasting gluconeogenesis but also increased glycogen cycling. Intensified subcutaneous insulin treatment restores these abnormalities, indicating that hepatic glucose metabolism is not irreversibly altered even in long-standing T1D.
Decreased Cerebrovascular Brain-Derived Neurotrophic Factor–Mediated Neuroprotection in the Diabetic Brain
Authors: Navaratna Deepti , Guo Shu-zhen , Hayakawa Kazhuhide , Wang Xiaoying , Gerhardinger Chiara , Lo Eng H.
Published: May 2011

OBJECTIVE

Diabetes is an independent risk factor for stroke. However, the underlying mechanism of how diabetes confers that this risk is not fully understood. We hypothesize that secretion of neurotrophic factors by the cerebral endothelium, such as brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF), is suppressed in diabetes. Consequently, such accrued neuroprotective deficits make neurons more vulnerable to injury.

RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS

We examined BDNF protein levels in a streptozotocin-induced rat model of diabetes by Western blotting and immunohistochemistry. Levels of total and secreted BDNF protein were quantified in human brain microvascular endothelial cells after exposure to advanced glycation end product (AGE)-BSA by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay and immunocytochemistry. In media transfer experiments, the neuroprotective efficacy of conditioned media from normal healthy endothelial cells was compared with AGE-treated endothelial cells in an in vitro hypoxic injury model.

RESULTS

Cerebrovascular BDNF protein was reduced in the cortical endothelium in 6-month diabetic rats. Immunohistochemical analysis of 6-week diabetic brain sections showed that the reduction of BDNF occurs early after induction of diabetes. Treatment of brain microvascular endothelial cells with AGE caused a similar reduction in BDNF protein and secretion in an extracellular signal–related kinase-dependent manner. In media transfer experiments, conditioned media from AGE-treated endothelial cells were less neuroprotective against hypoxic injury because of a decrease in secreted BDNF.

CONCLUSIONS

Taken together, our findings suggest that a progressive depletion of microvascular neuroprotection in diabetes elevates the risk of neuronal injury for a variety of central nervous system diseases, including stroke and neurodegeneration.