bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
FRUCTOSAMINE VALUES IN MONITORING COMPENSATION AND EFFICACY OF DIABETES MELLITUS TREATMENT
Authors: Akhetova Natalya , Zhangentkhan Abylaiuly , Bolshakova Svetlana , Beissova Ainagul
Published: September 2023

Aim: The relevance of the study is determined by the objective of finding an optimal type of diagnostics of carbohydrate metabolism, that would assess the condition of a diabetic patient undergoing treatment. The purpose of the study is to create a model for monitoring the efficacy of diabetes mellitus treatment by determining the fructosamine levels.
Materials and Methods: The methods for investigating the highlighted issue are clinical examination and laboratory diagnosis of diabetic patients to measure the state of carbon metabolism using ion-exchange chromatography to determine glycated haemoglobin levels and an automatic colorimetric method to determine fructosamine levels.
Results: The study presents certain values of fructosamine over the level of changes in the state of patients with diabetes mellitus, reflecting the progress from the treatment in the compensation of carbohydrate metabolism, which allows creating a model of diagnostic values of the fructosamine levels, according to which the efficacy of treatment of diabetes mellitus, the state of progress of the disease in its compensation or decompensation are determined at a qualitative level.
Conclusions: This allows for the timely adaptive corrective therapeutic and preventive measures to be carried out by medical personnel, who, using values, will monitor the efficacy of treatment in each patient once every three weeks, as this will determine the influence of the type of conducted treatment or other factors aimed at compensating for pathogenetic and clinical manifestations of the disease, which makes the identified fructosamine criteria an important component in the treatment of diabetes mellitus, and indirectly allows to improve the life quality of this patient population, thus bringing a practical solution to the challenge facing the healthcare sector.
THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN WORK CHARACTERISTICS AND SUBJECTIVE WELL-BEING OF EDUCATIONAL ORGANIZATION MANAGERS AND EMPLOYEES
Authors: Karamushka Liudmyla M. , Kredentser Oksana V. , Tereshchenko Kira V. , Delton Yohan , Lazos Gelena Р. , Paskevska Iuliia A.
Published: September 2023

Aim: To empirically investigate the relationship between work characteristics and subjective well-being of managers and employees in educational organizations.
Materials and Methods: Analysis of work characteristics was done using The Work Design Questionnaire (WDQ). The modified BBC Subjective Well-being scale (BBC-SWB) was used to analyze educational staff’s well-being. The research data were processed using mathematical statistics: descriptive statistics (mean, std. deviation), Pearson correlation, and independent samples t-test. 345 respondents from the Central region of Ukraine participated in the survey.
Results: Although educational staff had a generally positive assessment of work characteristics, there were certain disproportions in their assessments of individual work characteristics: work autonomy characteristics were rated lower than task characteristics, while social characteristics and work context characteristics were rated lower than knowledge characteristics. In addition, educational organization managers rated the vast majority of work characteristics higher than employees, which suggests a more favorable organizational environment for managers than employees. There were three work characteristics groups in the context of their associations with staff’s subjective well-being: 1) work characteristics that had a positive statically significant relationship with both managers and employees’ subjective well-being indicators; 2) work characteristics that had positive and negative statistically significant relationships with employees’ subjective well-being indicators; 3) work characteristics that had positive and negative statistically significant relationships with managers’ subjective well-being indicators.
Conclusions: The obtained findings may be helpful for managers and employees of educational organizations in promoting staff’s subjective well-being and increasing educational organizations’ effectiveness.
SMM strategies of domestic higher education institutions
Authors: Ivasenko Olena A.
Published: September 2023

Based on the trends in the development and spread of social networks in public life, it is undeniable that the use of the advantages of these platforms has a positive effect on the marketing of any business and, in particular, higher education institutions. The development of an effective strategy for higher education institutions allows solving a series of important tasks, with which other tools, due to their origin and mechanism of influence, may not work so effectively. Formation of an effective marketing strategy in social networks by higher education institutions brings them closer to the target audience and stakeholders, makes them more open to society, allows flexible response to requests, etc. The effectiveness of the SMM strategy depends no less on the correct choice of a particular social network by a higher education institution. Knowledge of the advantages of the target audiences, the digital behavior of stakeholders' representatives, and their expectations allow the institution to gain additional competitive advantages. The results of marketing studies of practical activities of higher education institutions in Ukraine in the marketing of social networks allow to predict their development and identify priority development areas. According to them, YouTube and Instagram are the most popular social networks chosen by domestic higher education institutions in Ukraine. However, the very development of social networks and the loyalty of different target groups to different social networks inclines the leadership of domestic higher education institutions to conduct targeted activities in other social networks, in particular in TikTok and Telegram. According to the purpose and the chosen social network, the communication strategy of the higher education institution is being formed. According to the results of the research of the sites of domestic higher education institutions, a number of problems and their causes are revealed. The article proposes an algorithm for the development and implementation of the SMM strategy by domestic educational institutions and provides practical recommendations for communication and interaction with potential applicants in social networks.
Strategic benchmarks for strengthening the country’s economic security through measures regulating migration processes
Authors: Mulska Olha P. , Vasyltsiv Taras H. , Boyko Vitaliy V.
Published: September 2023

Growing destructive migration characteristics of the current stage of social and economic development of Ukraine prevent the formation of a resource base for ensuring economic security. The article proves that international migration (intellectual, labour, and stationary migration of youth and families), as well as the latest forms of business, intellectual property, and technology migration, have become critical, threatening the sustainable development of the national economy (they deepen socio-demographic disparities and pose a threat to national and economic security due to the loss of resources, complication and deterioration of economic reproduction and revitalization processes). To ensure effective migration regulation and achieve a positive impact of these processes on strengthening the economic security of the national economy in Ukraine, an appropriate toolkit for state regulation of migration according to the components of economic security is proposed. Its introduction makes it possible to ensure the implementation of strategic priorities for the development of the national economy. Strategic vectors of implementation of migration regulation policy in the context of functional components of the system of ensuring economic security are determined: increasing the export potential, increasing the role in the international division of labour through the mobilization of labour resources; reducing the level of energy dependence of the national economy through the development of the internal energy complex and the use of alternative energy supply sources; overcoming systemic problems of sustainable development and forming an environment of economic freedom; technological modernization of the real sector of the economy and development and increase of employment in new types of economic activity in the context of globalization; strengthening of demographic stability by measures of spatial-structural policy and realization of the potential of internal migration; increase of the export potential of the agro-industrial complex in the system of the world food market; ensuring of financial stability at all levels of economic relations; approximation of the quality of life to the EU standards and reduction of social tensions in society; creation of conditions for innovation and technological development, increase of competitiveness of innovative strategic sectors of the economy.
The public policy of personnel training for the food industry
Authors: Sembay Nataliya M.
Published: September 2023

Today, in the context of the COVID-2019 pandemic and military operations, the main objectives of the policy of personnel training for the food industry include the creation and development of a system of vocational education and training, improvement of training standards and curricula, promotion of scientific research and innovation in the food industry, improvement of the accessibility and quality of training, and maintenance of compliance with the labor market. Training of highly qualified employees in this field is the key to the quality of work of these specialists in the food industry, which in turn will indicate the quality of service. The article aims to examine the institutional framework of public policy of personnel training for the food industry. Based on the analysis and systematization of scientific sources of the concept of public policy of personnel training for the food industry, the author offers the vision of such a policy, interpreting it as a set of measures taken by the state to satisfy the industry’s needs for highly qualified specialists with appropriate education and professional training. The main measures taken by the state to create a national system of qualifications outlining the requirements to the qualification of personnel in the food industry are characterized. The experience and main features of the world organizations involved in the training of personnel for the food industry are analyzed. The main tasks of the Ministry of Education and Science of Ukraine in terms of ensuring the implementation of the state policy in education, in particular, in personnel training for the food industry, are substantiated. The regulatory framework on personnel training for the food industry in Ukraine is analyzed.
Digitalization as a basis for economic stability and business security
Authors: Pravdyvets Oleksandr M.
Published: September 2023

An enterprise that moves from the material to the digital, becoming an independent element of business security, is a priority component of the state’s economic security in the context of the digital economy development. Therefore, today we cannot ignore such an important catalyst for the success of economic activity as the use of innovative information and computer technologies, which are the basis of the digital economy and play a significant role in the development of all aspects of social life. Obviously, it is digitalization that has a significant impact on the activities of economic entities and, therefore, focuses on strengthening their economic security. The article aims to determine the nature of digitalization and its impact on the development of enterprise security stability. In the context of the digital economy, studies have shown that the transition from traditional to digital methods is extremely important to ensure the economic stability and security of an enterprise in the most problematic period of its operation. For example, during the COVID-19 pandemic and the full-scale war, the ability to order products without leaving home has become particularly important for consumers, and this factor has become much more significant. The article reveals that elements of digital transformation have become key factors in the development and maintenance of the economic security of small and medium-sized enterprises. The use of these areas of digitalization allows companies to effectively strengthen their operations and ensure their competitiveness in the market. Overall, the introduction of digital technologies will help keep most businesses in the market and increase their contribution to economic development. Using the methods of induction and deduction, the article suggests the hypothesis that the economic security of an enterprise can be strengthened through the use of digital technologies, namely, by using digitalization tools. The article proves that digital technologies allow businesses to increase their efficiency, attract new customers, and increase sales. They allow businesses to increase their competitiveness and adapt to changes in the market.
Screening of Bacteria Isolated from Arctic Atmospheric Aerosols for Oil Degradation Ability
Authors: Sergeevna Irina S. , Emelyanova Elena K. , Malinkin Artem A. , Rebus Maxim E. , Safatov Alexander S.
Published: September 2023

Currently, a significant part of the world's soil cover is exposed to negative pollution, leading to its degradation. Oil hydrocarbons play a significant role among numerous soil pollutants. Sources of pollution are enterprises of oil extraction, oil refining, oil and oil products transportation. Every year in the world millions of tons of oil and oil products are lost during extraction, transportation, storage and use. Biological remediation based on the potential of microorganisms to transform pollutants of different origin is the most promising and environmentally safe method of restoring soil fertility, so the search for new strains to create and improve such biological preparations is still relevant. Atmospheric aerosols are a source of both transient and endogenous microbiota, which are metabolically active in relation to pollutants. During a complex airborne expedition on atmospheric sounding over the Arctic Ocean seas samples of aerosols were collected for microbiological analysis. The isolated cultures of microorganisms belonging to the genera Bacillus, Acinetobacter, Rhodococcus were tested for the ability to oil destruction when growing on agarized and liquid medium with the addition of oil to 2% as the only source of carbon and incubation for 10 days. The bioemulsifying and biodegrading abilities of microorganisms during growth in liquid medium were estimated visually by destruction of the surface film of oil, turbidity of the nutrient medium due to an increase in the biomass of microorganisms, formation of a uniform emulsion of oil in the medium, microscopy of cultural suspensions, and by their seeding on agarized nutrient medium to determine the titer of viable cells. Highly effective mesophilic and psychrotolerant oil destructor bacteria were isolated from northern atmospheric aerosols, which can be used to create complex biopreparations capable of assimilating a wider range of oil hydrocarbons for remediation of polluted soils and grounds in cold territories of Siberia and the Arctic.
Efficiency of Application of Municipal Wastewater Sludge During Reclamation of Oily Gray Forest Soil
Authors: Utombaeva Alina A. , Kuznetsova Tatyana V. , Vershinin Anatoly A. , Zainulgabidinov Erik R. , Petrov Andrey M.
Published: September 2023

Under the conditions of a model experiment, the effect of granular sludge of urban wastewater on the characteristics of reclaimed gray forest medium-carbonaceous soil with different levels of oil pollution was studied. The main physicochemical and microbiological characteristics of wastewater sludge, information on the content of biogenic elements, toxicity and efficiency of petroleum products destruction in soil samples incubated with and without granulate under different approaches to reclamation are presented. The introduction of granulate of wastewater sludge into oily gray forest medium-carbonaceous soil enriches the microbial pool, leads to an increase in the carbon content of the microbial mass. The additional introduction of biogenic elements with granular sediment of wastewater increases the resistance of microbocenoses to pollutant, reduces the time for restoration of properties and fertility of oily soil. It has been shown that the introduction of granular sewage sludge into soil samples containing 2.719.7 g/kg of petroleum products at the rate of 10 t/ha leads to 1.72.5-fold intensification of destruction processes, reduces the toxic effect of the pollutant, which indicates the possibility of its effective use in the reclamation of oily soils.
Has The Cat Got Your Tongue? Second Language Factors in Intercultural Difficulty Management
Authors: Hou Min , Nicholas Howard , Simkin Keith
Published: September 2023

Previous intercultural communication research has relatively underplayed the influence of second language factors. This underplaying arises for three reasons: 1) the over-emphasis on the influence of cultural differences in intercultural communication; 2) the prevalent assumption that communication style in intercultural communication is the same as that in intra-cultural communication; 3) the dominant (post-) positive research approach in intercultural communication leading to the overlooking of linguistic factors and context. This paper reports an exploratory study on the influence of linguistic factors in intercultural communication by taking an interpretive research approach. It shows that in the process of dealing with intercultural difficulties in Australia, Chinese overseas students with different self-perceptions of second language (L2) communicative competence can influence their face concerns and difficulty management strategies in different ways.
Negotiation Styles - Similarities and Differences between American and Japanese University Students -
Authors: Viswat Linda , Kobayashi Junko
Published: September 2023

This paper discusses similarities and differences in negotiation styles between Americans and Japanese based on the results of questionnaires administered to 96 students in the United States and 102 students in Japan. Both in negotiations with a family member or a friend and in a business context, universal factors and those specific to American and Japanese cultures are identified. Although the essence of negotiation is universal, Americans and Japanese need to acquire different abilities in order to foster give-and-take relationships that will benefit both parties. It is essential for Americans to acquire the abilities: to listen attentively to what the other person says, and display a willingness to compromise by controlling emotions. On the other hand, it is indispensable for Japanese to acquire the abilities: to utilize logic and reasoning, and help others recognize points of disagreement by expressing their opinions clearly.
Intercultural Dialogue Visions of the Council of Europe and the European Commission for a Post-Multiculturalist Era
Authors: Agustín Óscar García
Published: September 2023

Intercultural dialogue was introduced at the European level through policy documents of the Council of Europe and the European Commission in the 2000s. This article explores the ways in which intercultural dialogue is developed as a model to handle cultural diversity in different areas. Furthermore it discusses whether intercultural dialogue can be perceived as an alternative model to the previous integration policies marked by assimilationism and multiculturalism. A comparison is carried out of the ways in which the policies of both European organizations represent cultural diversity as a problem, their narratives concerning the need for intercultural dialogue as well as its definition. While the Council of Europe offers a concrete model, especially regarding integration, the Commission moves between the intertwined fields of culture, integration and interaction, but in doing so it fails to present an alternative.
Adopting a Critical Intercultural Communication Approach to Understanding Health Professionals’ Encounter with Ethnic Minority Patients
Authors: Jæger Kirsten
Published: September 2023

Even in the Scandinavian countries, where welfare resources such as education and healthcare are offered wholly or partly free of charge, health disparities between the majority populations and ethnic minority groups challenge the national healthcare systems. The knowledge levels of health professionals and their approach to ethnic minority patients influence the accessibility of healthcare and availability of health prevention resources of ethnic minorities. When adapting healthcare practice to minority patients, healthcare professionals draw on insights from intercultural communication and anthropology. However, within these disciplines such concepts as culture, interculturality, and ethnicity are subjected to contestation due to co-existing, but competing paradigms. This paper demonstrates how healthcare discourses on ethnic minority patients reflect shifting intercultural communication paradigms and advocates the adoption of a critical intercultural communication approach in relation to ethnicity-based health inequality.
Face to Face Encounters Education and Engagement for a Shared Humanity
Authors: Steel Anthony , Butcher Jude , Bezzina Michael
Published: September 2023

Despite the prevalence of conflict and violence in the world, education offers hope for social transformation and a recognition of our shared humanity. Much of the hatred and violence has its origins in a fear of 'the other', while education has the potential to equip people with the knowledge and skills to overcome such fear, build social harmony, challenge injustice, and build bridges across cultural and religious barriers. Based on the recognition of our shared humanity and the practice of respectful dialogue, it allows students to explore together what really matters to them as human beings and as members of their society and communities. Case studies of such encounters in Australian educational contexts will be presented in this paper, analyzing their impact and discerning principles they offer for structuring education for a shared humanity.
Deconstructing Culture Towards an Interactional Triad
Authors: Wagener Albin
Published: September 2023

How may culture be defined? Numerous works and important contributions have been answering this crucial question for the past thirty years; yet the problem remains unsolved. When taking a close look at ‘intercultural communication’, we may see that some utterances might not be thatcultural at all. If we have a clear definition of ‘intercultural communication’, then what is ‘intra-cultural communication’ (Winch 1997, Ma 2004)? Is there really a sharp difference between these two concepts and is miscommunication necessarily ‘cultural’ when implying individuals or groups from alleged different cultural backgrounds? We will study various examples and try to separate the cultural from the non-cultural by taking a close look at intercultural and intra-cultural miscommunication, insofar as their definitions seem to ultimately cover the same conceptual maps. After this first step, we will deconstruct the concept of culture, as it has been defined by scholars in various research fields over the last decades; we will thus see that culture might not be a set of shared values or behaviours (Knapp & Knapp-Pothoff 1990; Scollon & Wong Scollon 2001): culture may only be a very personal variable of a complex, strangely organized and experimental toolbox (Kay 1999) which would constitute a product of our education, psychology, social encounters and language and would only remain activated through particular contexts. This exploration will eventually be followed by a proposal for a redefinition of ‘culture’ as a concept, based on interactional pragmatics, contextics (Castella 2005) and a triadic declension of this very concept with three notions: bathyculture, dramaculture and osmoculture.
Message Strategies of Chinese Award-Winning Print Advertisements
Authors: Chen Huan , Taylor Ron
Published: September 2023

This study analyzes the content of 2,598 award-winning print advertisements from the China Advertising Festival website from 1982 to 2009. The results indicate that ration and sensory strategies are the two leading message strategies of Chinese award-wining print advertisements. Message strategies of Chinese advertising manifested a general shift from an informational approach (transmission view of communication) to a transformational approach (ritual view) during the study period. The study also finds a relationship between message strategies and product categories.
Globalised or Glocalized? A comparison of the linguistic features and actor representation of global news headlines in The Sun and Oriental Daily
Authors: Kong Kenneth C. C.
Published: September 2023

By analyzing a corpus of newspaper headlines collected from the global news in Britain (from The Sun) and Hong Kong (from Oriental Daily) during a two-month period in 2009, this paper aims to identify the relative influence of globalization on the discursive practices of news writing in the two countries/regions. English news headlines, usually configured in short phrases, tend to present events as humorous or dramatic adventures through the deployment of imagined quotations, informal words, and creative sound effects such as rhyme and alliteration, whereas Chinese news headlines make greater use of complete sentences and rarely feature quotations or sound effects. In addition to these different linguistic realizations of headlines, actor representation in British newspapers is also found to be more ‘globalized’ with less focus on ‘others,’ whereas Hong Kong’s Chinese-language newspapers appear to provide greater distance from globalization by positioning international actors as ‘others.’ It is argued here that the use of humorous and adventurous voices in English news and the more frequent representation of global actors as ‘others’ in Chinese news are simply different strategies aimed at achieving the same goal of distancing global actors from the local.
Professional Mobility Experiences of Mobile Medical Professionals
Authors: Lisaitė Donata
Published: September 2023

Health professionals move for various reasons and for various periods of time, which entails consequences at various levels, ranging from governmental decisions regarding the policy of health mobility to shifts in mobile medical professionals’ attitudes towards sojourning. The present paper looks into the self-perceptions of working and living abroad of mobile medical professionals. An online questionnaire was conducted in order to gain an insight into how mobile medical professionals experience living and working in a foreign environment and which factors make it easier or more difficult. The results suggest a close link exists between the perceived willingness to continue the sojourn and the degree of identification with the new culture, satisfaction with professional functioning and satisfaction with social networks. Even though the majority of the respondents feel well adjusted in their new working environment, they experience their social networks as inadequate, which sometimes provides mobile medical professionals with an impetus to abort their careers abroad.
Managerial Values in Transcultural Conflicts in South Africa Findings from the Schwartz-Value-Model
Authors: Mayer Claude-Hélène , Louw Lynette
Published: September 2023

The significant globalisation and post-apartheid challenges faced by managers in international organisations in South Africa are well known. Coping with transcultural conflicts is one of the major challenges. The aim of this article is to assess managerial values and their occurrence in transcultural conflicts in the international automotive organisation in South Africa. The Schwartz Value Model is used as theoretical background. This empirical study is a qualitative case study research. It presents selected qualitative findings on values in transcultural conflicts in the selected organisation. Findings show culture-specific insights into the selected international South African organisations and lead to conclusions and recommendations for further research and international management in South Africa.
English and Intercultural Interaction in the Internationalisation of a Japanese University
Authors: Morita Liang
Published: September 2023

Researchers in internationalisation of higher education have been reminding us that the presence of international students alone does not mean that the institution or the students are reaping the benefits of internationalisation. Since the number of international students is readily measurable, many have focused on increasing the number and overlooked other less quantifiable aspects, such as intercultural interaction, which is beneficial to students and prepares them for their future work environment. This study on intercultural interaction in a Japanese university is based on data from three surveys involving 250 respondents in total. The author discusses the English-medium classroom, language issues and institutional support. She found that although English-taught courses may attract more international students, few Japanese students are present, and as a result depriving international students of valuable opportunities for intercultural interaction and restricting their social networks. The discussion also includes the dominant position of the Japanese language within and outside the university and Japanese students’ anxieties about speaking English. The paper concludes that until English gains wider currency as a language of communication, international students need strong Japanese skills to lead a fulfilling life in Japan.
Outcome-Oriented and Process-Oriented Frameworks on Biculturalism
Authors: Heo Hyun-Hee , Kim Min-Sun
Published: September 2023

This review attempts to answer the question, “How do individuals develop bicultural identities?” With today’s rapid globalization, not only are individuals increasingly mobile but also possess an unprecedented level of psychological interconnectedness. A growing number of cross-cultural researchers have examined the dynamic aspects of individuals’ cultural identities and the processes of their formation beyond stereotypical frameworks. Over time, acculturation literature has shifted from being outcome-oriented to being process-oriented. Outcome-oriented frameworks rely on in-groups’ judgment toward out-group individuals whereas process-oriented frameworks stress out-group individuals’ cultural identity development through an active process of inquiring, learning, and involvements. The outcome-oriented frameworks consist of the notion of “Marginality” and “Social Identity Theory.” The process-oriented frameworks consist of the model of “Ethnic Identity Formation,” “Developmental Model of Intercultural Sensitivity,” “Cognitive Constructivist Approach”, and “Cultural Hybridization”. “Multidimensional Acculturation Model” is posited as a transitional model between the outcome-oriented framework and the process-oriented framework. Much study has increasingly concentrated on understanding the developmental process of individuals’ cultural identities in various situations, rather than categorizing “this new kind of person” based on dominant cultural groups’ perceptions. As researchers began to focus on how individuals process biculturalism, negative views have been replaced with positive views. Our review ends with implications regarding how and why biculturals behave in specific ways in intercultural communication situations.
The Cultural Context and Social Representation The Japanese Schoolgirl in British Popular Culture
Authors: Hinton Perry
Published: September 2023

As an embodiment of the shoujo, a specific Japanese representation of 'girl', the schoolgirl often appears as a central character in Japanese popular culture. With the import, and widespread availability, of Japanese cultural products in the West (such as comics called manga, animated movies called anime, toys and games), the Japanese schoolgirl has gained a visibility in Western popular culture, and perceived as cute and shy. In this paper, the way the Japanese schoolgirl is represented in British popular culture is examined, and contrasted with the representation in Japan. It is concluded that cultural context influences the representation and, in agreement with the work of Saito (1996), the British representation is simplistic and distorted in comparison to that in Japan.
La ordenación del territorio en el País Vasco: marco y ayuda para el planeamiento urbanístico de los municipios
Authors: Erquicia-Olaciregui Jesús María
Published: September 2023

Tras la aprobación de la Ley 4/1990, de 31 de mayo, de Ordenación del Territorio del País Vasco se puso en marcha todo un proceso de desarrollo de la misma mediante las figuras legamente previstas: Directrices de Ordenación Territorial, Planes Territoriales Parciales y Planes Territoriales Sectoriales. Estos documentos ofrecen al planeamiento urbanístico de los municipios criterios relacionados con la ordenación del Suelo No Urbanizable, la protección de espacios de interés natural o agrícola, la cuantificación residencial, la cuantificación industrial, la inundabilidad, o criterios relacionados con las políticas sectoriales de carreteras, ferrocarril, promoción de suelo industrial, entre otros. Tales criterios de ordenación territorial constituyen todo un recorrido por las materias supramunicipales suponiendo una ayuda para la redacción del planeamiento urbanístico. En el artículo se hace un repaso de los documentos y materias trabajados desde las Directrices de 1997 hasta las Directrices de 2019.
Virtual Property “Many Years After”: Does the Noble Dream of Digital Lawyers Have a Future?
Authors:   Saint Petersburg State University, Arkhipov Vladislav V.
Published: September 2023

The phrase “virtual property” has become popular in legal discourse in recent decades. The term “virtual property” unambiguously, reasonably and meaningfully can be applied only to describe game mechanics; for this area, as well as for digital law in general, it is crucial not to seek to identify phenomena from the world of facts with legal constructions, which means that it is inappropriate to use the term “virtual property” for heterogeneous objects, trying to combine, for example, domain names and in-game property into one category – it is necessary to distinguish between objects that are in direct connection with the subject of the law and objects whose “ownership” is mediated by some virtual representation; the same object of the digital world, including “virtual property”, may fall under several legally coexisting parallel regimes; the notion of “virtual property” makes no genuine legal sense in the context of an isolated game component – an imaginary, virtual world – insofar as it is maintained, as well as in the case of an attempt to build an analogy with сontinental property law, since the model of an absolute legal relationship contradicts the nature of this phenomenon; all this, however, does not mean that any object of “virtual property” cannot be an object of legal relations, but only that legal qualification is possible only on ad hoc basis; the real-law model of “virtual property” in this case in the future can be realised in the models of relations on the basis of NFT; for all legal issues in game environments, including those related to “virtual property”, the good faith of the participants in the relationship is legally relevant, which should be determined depending on compliance with the rules of the game, a fact to which the concepts of the sui generis exclusive right of the organiser of the game and the “game veil” as proposed in the article are related.
The Principle of Good Faith in the Judgments of the Constitutional Court of the Russian Federation: On the Anniversary of Gadis Abdullaevich Gadzhiev
Authors:   Constitutional Court of the Russian Federation, Bushev Andrey Yu.
Published: September 2023

The article analyses the practice of the Constitutional Court of the Russian Federation on the issue of applying the principle of good faith before and after the amendments to the Constitution of the Russian Federation in 2020, the conclusion is made that the provisions introduced into its Article 75.1 are an additional constitutional justification for extending the principle of good faith to all areas of activity, both private individuals and public authorities, including relations between them, focusing on cooperation, mutual respect, the manifestation of kindness, honesty and justice in the name of the common well-being and welfare. As one of the justifications for the conclusion about the increase in the importance of this principle at all stages of the formation, interpretation and application of a normative rules, some arguments are given, expressed in the scientific publications of G.A. Gadzhiev, who has devoted more than 30 years to the Court and is celebrating another anniversary in 2023.
Mediation and Notary: Experience of France and Russia
Authors:   Lomonosov Moscow State University, Borisova Elena A.
Published: September 2023

Mediation as a procedure for a peaceful settlement of disputes is gradually entering the legal life of many European countries. Mediation being in the “set” of conciliation procedures proposed by the state as an alternative to trial, as a friendly settlement of legal conflict, is developing in a priority order. One of the areas of development is the application of the procedure in notarial activity. The French notary achieved in this area certain results that are of interesting for study, analysis, and subsequent perception, taking into account Russian legal realities. A notary mediator, a notary who knows and accepts mediation as a way of resolving a dispute, a notarial intermediary is not only the names that are interesting for the theory of the civil process, bur they are notarial practices. The use of various aspects of mediation in notarial activity allows us to talk about the reality of the “union” between notaries and mediation, its organic character due to the similarity of the goal, objectives, principles of the notary and mediator. At the same time, attention is drawn to the presence of a number of problems that impede the active promotion of mediation into the sphere of notaries.
Review of the Main Theories of Determining the Legal Regime of Objects Created by Artificial Intelligence
Authors:   HSE University, Kirsanova Ekaterina E.
Published: September 2023

The article analyses approaches to determining the applicable legal regime of objects created by artificial intelligence, criticises certain provisions of various concepts, and also suggests ways of further development and solutions of the issue in question.
Legal Regime of Preparatory Materials Obtained During the Development of Computer Programmes
Authors:   HSE University, Savelyev Alexander I.
Published: September 2023

The paper is focused on the analysis of the legal regime of preparatory materials created during the development of computer programme. The article outlines existing doctrinal positions on this matter. Special attention is paid to the definition of materials, which fall under the notion of “preparatory materials”, as well as to possible purpose of inclusion of such object in Article 1261 of the Civil Code as separate copyrightable element of the computer programme. It is concluded that unlawful use of preparatory materials for development of a competing programme can be used as a basis for infringement claim (plagiarism), even if source codes of both programmes are not the same.
NFT Assets in the System of Legal Rights: Problems of Legal Qualifications
Authors:   S.S. Alekseev Private Law Research Centre under the President of the Russian Federation, Polezhaev Oleg A. ,   Kutafin Moscow State Law University
Published: September 2023

This article is devoted to the regulation of objects of intellectual rights expressed in the digital environment with the help of NFT tokens. It is proved that when determining the legal regime of NFT, the key circumstance to be taken into account is the nature of connections that arise between the digital asset and the underlying object. The variety of types of such relations leads to a situation in which apparently similar NFT tokens will perform completely different legal functions, which will inevitably affect the legal status of their holders.
Digital Objects of Fine Art and NFT: Myths and Reality
Authors:   HSE University, Valdes-Martines Erik R. ,   Russian State Academy of Intellectual Property
Published: September 2023

A non-fungible token is a digital unit of accounting, with the help of which a digital impression is created for any unique physical item or object, including a digital one, for subsequent performance of various types of transactions, including transactions within a closed blockchain system. The development of digital technologies, including NFT, poses many questions to the researchers. The author of this article conducts a comparative analysis of digital objects and NFT, considers the problems regarding NFT and copyright to the works of fine art, the transition of the right to NFT and the transfer of copyright, possible violations of copyrights using NFT, etc. The need and feasibility of changing the current legislation is assessed.
Nature of the Digital Currency in Common Law and Continental Law
Authors:   State Academic University for the Humanities, Uspenskiy Mikhail A.
Published: September 2023

Currently, neither doctrine, legislators nor courts have a clear understanding of cryptocurrency as an object of civil law in the context of Article 128 of the Civil Code, and even the definition of digital currency in the federal law on DFA (digital financial assets) does not help to solve this problem. As a result, the court practice on cryptocurrency is contradictory, plaintiffs are denied protection of their rights, while the pace of lawmaking has slowed down significantly. A comparative legal analysis of the best international law enforcement practice on cryptocurrency has led to the conclusion that its civilistic essence is as close as possible to property rights, and the domestic law is significantly ahead of most codified acts of the continental legal system.
Influencing Factors on Suicidal Ideation of Householders Caring for People with Disabilities: Using a Panel Survey on Disabled People's Lives
Authors:   Korean Association of Health and Medical Sociology, Lim So-Hee
Published: September 2023

Heads of households who take care of disabled people experience negative prejudice from society along with physical, mental, social and economic burdens throughout their lives. It has been reported that household heads with disabilities who are living with these difficulties are showing up to suicide as a solution to mental problems. Therefore, this study aims to analyze the factors influencing suicidal ideation of household heads with disabilities. For multilateral analysis, it was classified into personal, psychological, and social factors. Therefore, this study set subjective health status and relationship with the disabled as personal factors, depression, self-esteem, and leisure life satisfaction as psychological factors, and the impact of disability on life, disability-related experience, and family strength as social factors. The purpose of this study is to identify the influencing factors on the relationship between the main variables and suicidal ideation. The purpose of this study is to measure the degree of the relationship with suicidal ideation and to identify the factors affecting them through various variables. The data of this study is a secondary data analysis study using raw data from the second panel survey on disabled people's lives, and real numbers and percentages, Chi-Square test, t-test, and logistic regression analysis were performed. As a result of the study, it was found that the level of depression (2.6 times) and the degree of relationship with the disabled (1.73 times) were higher among those who thought about suicide compared to those who did not think of suicide, while the self-esteem (.33 times) and family strengths (.63 times), subjective health status (.45 times), and leisure life satisfaction (.66 times) were low. Based on the above results, it was found that the suicidal ideation of the head of a disabled householder is affected by depression, relationship with the disabled, self-esteem, family health, subjective health status, and leisure life satisfaction. Among the major variables, the most influential variable are depression, the degree of relationship with the disabled, so it is necessary to develop a suicide prevention program for the disabled family using this and to mediate and apply it.
Flood Disaster in Erbil City: Problems and Solutions
Authors: Qarani Aziz Shuokr , Mudhafar Saleh Shawnm , Hamarahim Muhamad Sarkawt , Othman Ismael Sarwah , Mohammed Ahmed Bahar
Published: September 2023

Several floods occurred in Erbil City in 2021 and 2022, which caused disaster in the city. 12 people died, thousands of houses and vehicles were destroyed, and numerous public projects such as electric stations and roads were damaged as well. Specifying reasons and providing suitable solutions are essential for minimizing damages. Thus, this research aimed to identify causes and offer scientific solutions for minimizing flood damage in the future. Several site visits for the locations of floods were carried out. Quantitative and qualitative data collection was conducted. Based on the catchment properties and maximum probable rainfall, the peak flood is 250, 200, 90, and 70 m3/s for Roshnbiri Bridge, Roshnbiri-Daratu Culvert, Korean Drainage Valley, and Daratu Natural Valley, respectively. Heavy rainfall, partial or full clogging of some inlets, sewers, and culverts, obstructions in watersheds, altering the direction of normal flow, technical and design problems, and disposal of waste in watersheds are the main factors contributing to the flood. Cleaning watersheds, maintaining storm sewers, providing new diversion channels, proper design of storm sewers, culverts, and bridges, eliminating barriers on the usual streams, and studying the master plans of the new projects and cities are the main solutions for minimizing flood disasters in Erbil City.
The Role of Financial Literacy, Financial Knowledge and Financial Attitudes on Financial Management Behavior: Study of the Fisheries Industry in Ambon, Indonesia
Authors: Loppies Lilian Sonya
Published: September 2023

In the fishing industry, financial management behavior can involve decisions related to managing revenue from fish sales, optimizing operational costs, and planning for long-term sustainability. This study aimed to determine the role of financial literacy, financial knowledge and financial attitudes on financial management behavior. This study is research with a quantitative approach and uses primary data obtained from a survey process using a questionnaire, where the survey process was carried out online. The independent variable in this study is financial management behavior (Y). The dependent variable in this study is financial literacy (X1), financial knowledge (X2), financial attitudes (X3). The study results show that there is a significant relationship between financial literacy and financial knowledge, p=0.000. The study results also show that there is a significant relationship between financial knowledge and financial attitudes, p=0.000. The study results also show that there is a significant relationship between financial attitudes and financial management behavior, p=0.000. In conclusion, financial literacy plays a role in increasing financial knowledge. Financial knowledge plays a role in improving financial attitude. Financial attitude plays a role in improving financial management behavior in the fishing industry in Ambon, Indonesia.