bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Epidemiological aspects of the study of the health care system оf convicted women
Authors: Кокшаров А.B. , Высыпков А.А. , Ильинцев Е.В.
Published: June 2023

В статье рассмотрен комплексный подход к оценке системы охраны здоро- вья осужденных женщин, который наряду с изучением вопросов руководства и управления медицинской службой, ее кадрового обеспечения, оснащения оборудованием вклю- чает исследование мнения самих осужденных о системе оказания медицинской помощи. Проведенное анкетирование осужденных женщин построено на основе рекомендаций Международного комитета Красного Креста (2019). Полученная в ходе опроса информация позволила дополнить объективные данные о системе оказания медицинской помощи, детализировать отдельные потребности осужденных в области охраны здоровья. Изученные вопросы заболеваемости осужденных женщин, их социологический портрет позволяют в дальнейшем быть отправными точками в совершенствовании оказания медицинской помощи.

In the article the authors consider a comprehensive approach to assessing the health care system of convicted women, which, along with the study of the management and management of the medical service, its staffing support, and equipment, includes a study of the opinion of the convicts themselves about the system of medical care. The survey of convicted women was based on the recommendations of the International Committee of the Red Cross (2019). The information obtained during the survey made it possible to supplement the objective data on the system of medical care, to detail the individual needs of convicts in the field of health protection. The studied issues of morbidity of convicted women, their sociological portrait allow us to be the starting points in the future in improving the provision of medical care.
The main directions of scientific research in penitentiary medicine
Authors: Пономарев С.Б.
Published: June 2023

В статье приводится определение понятия «пенитенциарная медицина», характеризуются ее основные научные направления. Проведен анализ исследований, научных публикаций, посвященных таким вопросам пенитенциарной медицины, как лечение и предупреждение инфекционных болезней (туберкулез, ВИЧ-инфекция, вирусный гепатит), лечение алкоголизма и наркомании, психических заболеваний, болезней системы кровообращения, содержание в учреждениях УИС несовершеннолетних, женщин, детей, рожденных в местах лишения свободы. Также отмечены имеющиеся недостатки в организации научной деятельности во ФСИН России. Результаты исследования могут быть использованы в учебной и научной деятельности образовательных организаций ФСИН России, практической деятельности пенитенциарных медиков.

In the article the author provides a definition of the concept of "penitentiary medicine", characterizes its main scientific directions. He did the analysis of studies, scientific publications on such issues of penitentiary medicine as the treatment and prevention of infectious diseases (tuberculosis, HIV infection, viral hepatitis), the detention of minors, women, children born in places of deprivation of liberty in penitentiary institutions; treatment of alcoholism and drug addiction, mental illness, diseases of the circulatory system. The author also notes the shortcomings in the organization of scientific activity in the FPS of Russia. The results of the study can be used in the educational and scientific activities of educational organizations of the FPS of Russia, the practical activities of penitentiary doctors.
THYMOQUINONE RELAXES INTESTINAL SMOOTH MUSCLES THROUGH MUSCARINIC RECEPTOR AND Ca-CHANNEL BLOCKADE
Authors: AMER HASSAN SIDDIQUI  , NISAR AHMED  , ABBAS MUNEER  , SADIA CHIRAGH
Published: June 2023

Background: Functional bowel disorders are common clinical disorders with poorly understood pathophysiology and no gold standard treatment yet. Nigella sativa and its active component thymoquinone are known for their different beneficial medicinal properties and are being widely researched nowadays. Their effect on intestinal motility may prove beneficial in treatment of functional bowel disorders.

Objectives: To study the effect of Thymoquinone on intestinal motility.

Materials & Methods: Rabbits of 1-1.5 kg were sacrificed and effect of thymoquinone was studied on spontaneous contractions in isolated jejunal pieces. Isolated pieces of ileum were used to study contractions induced by carbachol and KCl both alone and in presence of three increasing concentrations of thymoquinone.

Results: Thymoquinone depressed both spontaneous jejunal contractions and contractions induced by carbachol and KCl. The effect was concentration dependant for low and moderate concentrations of thymoquinone on carbachol induced contractions and for moderate and high concentrations of thymoquinone on KCl induced contractions.

Conclusion: Thymoquinone depresses intestinal motility and the possible mechanism may be through muscarinic receptor and Ca-channel blockade. Further studies are needed to establish dose and safety profile.
SIGNIFICANT CORONARY ARTERY STENOSIS IN PATIENTS WITH LOW CORONARY ARTERY CALCIUM SCORE
Authors: FURQAN AHMED  , MAMOONA CHIRAGH  , FATIMA SHAHID
Published: June 2023

Background: Coronary artery disease is a major cause of morbidity and mortality. Non-invasive techniques for diagnosis are becoming increasingly popular and multidetector coronary computed tomography has emerged as a promising modality. Quantifying the amount of coronary artery calcium with unenhanced CT calcium score has been shown to be a reliable noninvasive technique for screening risk of future cardiac events. In previous trials low coronary artery calcium score has been shown to rule out coronary artery disease with high predictive value.

Objective: To evaluate the level of agreement between severity of stenosis on CT angiography and calcium burden as measured by dedicated CT protocols for calcium scoring, comparing their results.

Material and Method: The study was conducted at Radiology Department, Shaukat Khanum Memorial Cancer Hospital and Research Centre and Heart and Body Scan Centre, Lahore. Duration of study was 6 months. The study design was a cross sectional survey.

Results: Mean age of patients was 38.65+5.72. Male to female ratio was 2.5:1 (72 males: 27 females).Agreement of low calcium score and insignificant coronary stenosis was found in 78 patients while 22 showed no agreement. Kappa test was applied, p value was recorded. 0.0005. 50% (11 out of 22) of the patients with calcium score of 0 had significant coronary stenosis.

Conclusion: The results of study reveal that absence of calcium or low calcium does not exclude significant coronary stenosis. Depending on presentation, it is recommended to get calcium score and coronary CT angiography done in the same setting.
TEKNIK COGNITIVE BEHAVIOR THERAPY (CBT) DALAM GANGGUAN KEPRIBADIAN BIPOLAR
Authors: Sauran Aji Restu , Salewa Wandrio
Published: June 2023

Bipolar is a form of mental disorder that refers to mood disorders that include emotional disorders that make a person not perform their life functions properly where the sufferer will experience sadness from the phase of depression to euphoria and unrealistic in the mania phase. The goal of the study was to outline how cognitive behavior therapy (CBT) approaches play a role in bipolar disorder as well as counseling techniques through cognitive behavior therapy approaches.  Research is done through literature studies by collecting relevant data from books, journals, magazines, and so on. The result of this study is that CBT is present to change the perception of a wrong mindset about a sufferer who has an impact on maladaptive behavior, using CBT techniques, namely: supportive guidance, positive thinking therapy, Socratic method, and thought stopping.
PENERAPAN MODEL INDUKTIF KATA BERGAMBAR UNTUK MENINGKATKAN KEMAMPUAN MEMBACA MATA PELAJARAN BAHASA INDONESIA KELAS II SDI NW LENDANG BUNGA
Authors: Husairi Husairi , Suhaeli Siti
Published: June 2023

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui apakah ada peningkatan kemampuan membaca peserta ddik melalui penerapan model induktif kata bergambar dalam meningkatkan kemampuan membaca mata pelajaran Bahasa Indonesia kelasII SDI NW Lendang Bunga. Metode yang dilakukan dalam penelitian ini peneliti menggunakan metode Penelitian Tindakan Kelas.Teknik pengumpulan data dalam penelitian ini adalah observasi, dokumentasi dan wawancara.Instrument penelitian ini adalah lembar observasi dan dokumentasi.Lembar observasi merupakan pengamatan langsung dalam penelitian dan dokumentasi merupakan barang-barang tertulis seperti majalah, dokumen daan lain-lain.

Hasil yang diperoleh dalam penelitian ini dengan menggunakan model induktif kata bergambar untuk meningkatkan kemampuan membaca siswa kelas 2 sekolah dasar islam nahdlatul wathan Lendang Bunga adalah bahwa ada peningkatan kemampuan membaca pada siswa yang sebelumnya yang bisa membaca 18 0rang dari 29 siswa, dan setelah melakukan tindakan kelas kemampuan membaca siswa meningkat dari 29 siswa yang bisa membaca berjumlah 25 orang.
ANÁLISE FARMACÊUTICA DE MEDICAMENTOS DE SUPORTE BÁSICO EM CTI GERAL
Authors: Machado Bruno , Baiense Alex Sandro Rodrigues
Published: June 2023

Pacientes internados em Centro de Terapia Intensiva (CTI) são descritos como indivíduos graves ou críticos, necessitando, dessa forma, de cuidados intensivos, monitoramento contínuo, através de equipamentos tecnológicos e equipe multidisciplinar especializada. Em decorrência da complexidade e instabilidade do quadro clínico dos pacientes em UTI, a farmacoterapia aplicada nesse tipo de ambiente exige uma combinação de diversas drogas prescritas, sendo assim uma condição favorável para interações medicamentosas, sinergismos tóxicos e possíveis iatrogenias. Sendo assim, esse trabalho tem como objetivo geral identificar quais os principais medicamentos usados durante os procedimentos do suporte básico em CTI geral. Os resultados da pesquisa permitiram concluir que o paciente de CTI está mais suscetível a problemas relacionados á medicamentos, dessa forma, o farmacêutico tem papel fundamental como membro da equipe multidisciplinar desse setor. Esse profissional permite a dispensação correta de medicamentos durante o suporte básico, reduzindo as chances de erros e reduzindo a mortalidade dos pacientes.
ANÁLISE CRÍTICA DA EFICÁCIA DO DIREITO FUNDAMENTAL À SEGURANÇA PÚBLICA NO BRASIL
Authors: Garcez Robson Alves
Published: June 2023

Este artigo tem por objetivo analisar criticamente a eficácia do direito fundamental à segurança pública no Brasil, de acordo com a Constituição Federal de 1988. Para isso, foi aplicada uma metodologia bibliográfica, abarcando livros, artigos acadêmicos e legislação pertinente à segurança pública. Optou-se ainda por um estudo descritivo-analítico dos dados obtidos, o qual permitiu identificar a real situação em que se encontra o direito à segurança em território nacional. Em primeiro lugar, foi realizado um mapeamento das legislações sobre segurança pública. Em seguida, foi feita a análise crítica desses editais especialmente com relação aos princípios embutidos na Constituição Federal, aqui entendidos como supremacia da lei. Paralelamente, a análise contemplou ainda a implementação dessas medidas de forma efetiva. Por fim, foram levantadas possíveis soluções para melhorar a situação atual, a partir dos princípios constitucionais de segurança. Com a análise efetuada, conclui-se que o direito à segurança pública no Brasil ainda possui graves deficiências quanto à sua eficácia, vez que, embora a Constituição Federal de 1988 tenha estabelecido diversos princípios sobre o tema, nem todos eles são cumpridos. Faz-se necessário, assim, a adoção de medidas protetivas a fim de garantir efetivamente a segurança dos cidadãos brasileiros.
A COMPARAÇÃO FARMACOCINÉTICA DE DIFERENTES FORMAS FARMACÊUTICAS DA TESTOSTERONA EM HOMENS
Authors: Uchôa Wesllei Nunes , Carvalho Alcione Silva de
Published: June 2023

: A testosterona é um hormônio pertencente à classe dos androgênicos (hormônios sexuais masculinos). Encontrada em maior concentração nos homens, suas funções são, basicamente, associadas ao desenvolvimento de características masculinizantes, como o aumento de massa muscular e a regulação de funções sexuais. A deficiência androgênica, ou hipogonadismo, é uma síndrome clínica caracterizada pelos baixos níveis de testosterona. Essa comorbidade é associada a diversas patologias, como disfunção erétil, síndrome metabólica, doenças cardiovasculares e resistência à insulina. Os sintomas mais comuns do hipogonadismo são perda de massa magra, degeneração óssea, aumento da gordura corporal, diminuição da libido, incapacidade física e fadiga excessiva. A terapia de reposição de testosterona é uma das principais formas de tratamento do hipogonadismo masculino. Ela visa o alívio dos sintomas, a restauração de níveis normais de testosterona, a melhora da qualidade de vida e a redução da mortalidade, que se mostra elevada quando comparada à população geral. Os benefícios observados, como aumento da libido e nível de energia, efeitos benéficos na densidade óssea, força e músculos, bem como efeitos cardioprotetores, estão muito bem documentados na literatura. Entretanto, é importante ressaltar que as diferentes formas farmacêuticas existentes da testosterona estão diretamente ligadas à sua farmacocinética. Assim, a sua compreensão é de grande relevância na terapia de reposição hormonal em homens e é o assunto explorado neste artigo.
The Effectiveness of Teaching English Vocabulary Using Dictionary Online Media in STTR Cepu in Academic Year of 2020-2021
Authors: Gunawan Helmi
Published: June 2023

The Covid-19 pandemic, apart from providing a bad experience, can also make someone challenged and offer to develop learning but in Engineering English lectures. At first the learning was carried out face-to-face, this time it was carried out boldly. Vocabulary is a basic and important knowledge in Mastering English. One of the vocabulary learning strategies during the pandemic is through online media. This research was conducted in order to determine the effectiveness of vocabulary learning by using an online dictionary for Mechanical Engineering Students STTR Cepu. This study used a descriptive approach. There are 30 students as respondents. Based on the questionnaire and strongly agree by 43.3%, agree by 46.7% say disagree and strongly agree. So that it can be said that the effectiveness of learning vocabulary using online dictionaries is weak in mechanical engineering students at STTR Cepu.
Analisis Performance Centrifugal Pump dengan Mengunakan Computating Fluid Dinamyc (CFD) untuk Transfer Condensate di Area Onshore Processing Facilities Balongan PHE ONWJ
Authors: Mudjijanto Mudjijanto
Published: June 2023

Condensate transfer is one part of upstream oil and gas production operations. Condensate is a liquid hydrocarbon obtained from gas wells. Transfer is carried out using a transfer pump. In the activity of using the pump, we need to analyze the pump parameters. The aim is to evaluate the energy performance of the pump according to the variation of the velocity of the fluid being flowed and to determine the pump's working point. The research was conducted by testing the performance of the pump in the field and analyzing it using CFD in solidwork application. The method applied is to change the flow variation with a fluid velocity of 5.9m/s; 17.2m/s ; 20.5m/s. Tests are carried out to determine the pressure and temperature of the pump. The test data in the field will then be compared with the simulation data in the application. The results of the analysis carried out using a flow variation of 5.9 m/s and 17.2 m/s obtained a pressure and temperature comparison between the actual and the simulated according to the operating conditions of the pump. In the analysis with a speed variation of 20.5 m/s there is an indication of a decrease in pump pressure under actual conditions in the field, namely 39 Psi, while in the simulation with ideal conditions it exceeds the operating pressure of the pump. So the conclusion obtained is that the variation in flow causes differences in pump performance in terms of Pressure and Temperature. At a variable speed of 20.5 m/s there is a change in pump performance and if left unchecked can cause damage in the long term.
KAJI EKSPERIMENTAL PENGARUH PUTARAN PENGADUKAN TERHADAP KUALITAS BIODIESEL YANG DIHASILKAN DARI MINYAK JELANTAH
Authors: Mawarni Drajat Indah
Published: June 2023

Biodiesel is diesel engine fuel in the form of triglyceride compounds derived from biological resources in the form of vegetable fat oils and animal fats. Making this biodiesel using used cooking oil from food frying with KOH base catalyst and variations of stirring rotation 200, 300, 400 rpm. The transesterification reaction was initiated by heating used cooking oil with methanol and KOH catalyst at a temperature of 55C and various stirring cycles were carried out. The test was carried out at the Laboratory of Heat and Mass Transfer, Gajah Mada University, Yogyakarta. The purpose of this research is to make diesel engine fuel, to get the best stirring cycle used in the manufacture of biodiesel and to determine the quality of biodiesel, including Density Value, Viscosity, Calorific Value, Pour Point, Flash Point, Fog Point. Based on the tests carried out, it can be concluded that the best stirring rotation at 400 rpm is getting a Density Value of 891.9 kg/m3, a viscosity value of 5.2 cSt, and a 200 rpm getting the best Calorific Value 15.505 Btu/lb, a Pour Point Value of 12.33oC, a Cloud Point Value of 5.5 C and Flash Point Value 168.6oC
Transported aerosols regulate the pre-monsoon rainfall over north-east India: a WRF-Chem modelling study
Authors: Barman Neeldip , Gokhale Sharad
Published: June 2023

Abstract. The study differentiates and quantifies the impacts of aerosols
emitted locally within the north-east (NE) India region and those transported
from outside this region to ascertain whether local or transported aerosols
are more impactful in influencing this region's rainfall during the
pre-monsoon season (March–April–May). Due to the existence of a declining
pre-monsoon rainfall trend in NE India, the study also quantified the role
of different aerosol effects in radiative forcing (RF) and rainfall. The
study has been carried out using the WRF-Chem model by comparing simulation
scenarios where emissions were turned on and off within and outside the NE
region. The impact of all emissions as a whole and black carbon (BC)
specifically was studied. Results show that aerosols transported primarily
from the Indo-Gangetic Plain (IGP) were responsible for 93.98 % of the
PM10 mass over NE India's atmosphere and 64.18 % of near-surface
PM10 concentration. Transported aerosols contributed >50 % of BC, organic carbon, sulfate, nitrate, ammonium and dust aerosol
concentration and are hence a major contributor to air pollution. Hence, the
aerosol effects were much greater with transported aerosols. An indirect
aerosol effect was found to be the major effect and more impactful, with
transported aerosols that dominated both rainfall and RF and suppressed
rainfall more significantly than the direct and semi-direct effect. However, the
increase in direct radiative effects with an increase in transported BC
counteracted the rainfall suppression caused by relevant processes of other
aerosol effects. Thus, this study shows atmospheric transport to be an
important process for this region, as transported emissions, specifically
from the IGP, were also found to have greater control over the region's rainfall.
Thus, emission control policies implemented in the IGP will reduce air pollution
as well as the climatic impacts of aerosols over the NE India region.
Semantic complexity of geographic questions - A comparison in terms of conceptual transformations of answers
Authors: Nyamsuren Enkhbold , Xu Haiqi , Top Eric J. , Scheider Simon , Steenbergen Niels
Published: June 2023

Abstract. There is an increasing trend of applying AIbased automated methods to geoscience problems. An important example is a geographic question answering (geoQA) focused on answer generation via GIS workflows rather than retrieval of a factual answer. However, a representative question corpus is necessary for developing, testing, and validating such generative geoQA systems. We compare five manually constructed geographical question corpora, GeoAnQu, Giki, GeoCLEF, GeoQuestions201, and Geoquery, by applying a conceptual transformation parser. The parser infers geo-analytical concepts and their transformations from a geographical question, akin to an abstract GIS workflow. Transformations thus represent the complexity of geo-analytical operations necessary to answer a question. By estimating the variety of concepts and the number of transformations for each corpus, the five corpora can be compared on the level of geo-analytical complexity, which cannot be done with purely NLP-based methods. Results indicate that the questions in GeoAnQu, which were compiled from GIS literature, require a higher number as well as more diverse geo-analytical operations than questions from the four other corpora. Furthermore, constructing a corpus with a sufficient representation (including GIS) may require an approach targeting a uniquely qualified group of users as a source. In contrast, sampling questions from large-scale online repositories like Google, Microsoft, and Yahoo may not provide the quality necessary for testing generative geoQA systems.
Extreme heat alerts and impacts across Mozambique 2016 – 2022: gathering evidence from media articles
Authors: Pereira Marghidan Carolina , van Aalst Maarten , Blanford Justine , Maure Genito , Marrufo Tatiana
Published: June 2023

Abstract. Heatwaves are increasing around the world and cause a range of devastating societal impacts. Effective communication during a heatwave enables the general public to prepare and, if possible, take the necessary actions. In many African countries, the recognition of heatwaves and appropriate action to reduce heat risk remains absent. In this study, extreme heat and heat-related impacts across Mozambique were analyzed across space and time by using text from media sources. Alerts were obtained by performing a broad word search across four popular media outlets (Club of Mozambique, Rádio Moçambique, O País, and Televisão de Moçambique). Between 2016 and 2022, 79 heat alerts and 12 posts on impacts were found. When mapped, a disproportionate number of articles were found for Southern provinces compared to Northern provinces. Communication of heat alerts were consistent across media outlets and included the maximum temperature forecasted and geographic locations affected. A majority of the messages (91%) did not include information on how to respond and the type of actions to take to reduce risk. Our findings provide spatio-temporal insights into extreme heat and impacts, and highlight the urgent need for an improved heatwave early warning system across Mozambique.
Evaluating and Comparing Airspace Structure Visualisation and Perception on Digital Aeronautical Charts
Authors: Sarbach Adrian , Weber Thierry , Henggeler Katharina , Lutnyk Luis , Raubal Martin
Published: June 2023

Abstract. Given the challenge of visualising 3D space on a 2D map, maps used for in-flight navigation by pilots should be designed especially carefully. This paper studies, based on existing aeronautical charts, the visualisation, interaction, and interpretation of airspace structures with aviation infrastructure and the base map.We first developed a three-tiered evaluation grid for a cartographic analysis of existing aeronautical charts. Subsequently, we evaluated four countries’ maps based on our evaluation grid. To validate our analysis, we conducted a user study with 27 pilots, the users of aeronautical charts.The results of our cartographic analysis show that aeronautical charts produced by different countries all fulfil the need of pilots being able to orient themselves. According to our evaluation, the Swiss aeronautical chart scored slightly more favourably than the other evaluated charts for effective map-reading. These findings were confirmed in the results of the user study.The major contribution of this work is the evaluation grid for the cartographic analysis. With its different layers, adaptable main- and sub-topics, it can be used to compare and improve the design not only of aeronautical charts, but for a broad spectrum of thematic maps.
Active teaching and learning in GI sciences: lessons learned from the BSc. Course Open Urban Data Governance
Authors: van Loenen Bastiaan , Ploeger Hendrik , van Everdingen Noor , Cuervo Kristian , Monahan Jessica , Pille Julia , Verhaeghe Carmel
Published: June 2023

Abstract. A new active teaching and learning approach has been implemented in the BSc course Open Urban Data Governance.. This course is part of the minor Spatial Computing for Digital Twinning in the Bachelor of Architecture, Urbanism and Building Sciences at the Faculty of Architecture and The Built Environment, TU Delft, and offered TU wide as an elective. At the start of the course the students were tasked to collect and analyse noise level data, and to reflect on this process. In the second (main) assignment they had to develop an urban challenge to be answered with geo-data. Also here a reflection was required including an assessment of the FAIRness of the data. Both students and teachers highly appreciated the new approach. Through applying active teaching and learning we created an example of the theory on students’ activities. This approach also links students’ real world experiences to the content of the course, which allows them to put theory into context. Teachers especially appreciated the interaction with the students, the depth of the discussions, and were impressed by the steep learning curve of the students. Students enjoyed the freedom to operate, the frequent feedback sessions and the application of theory into practice. For the next year the lectures will take into account that ‘minor’ students do prepare well for their classes.
Human mobility tracks as FAIR data: Designing a privacy-preserving repository for GNSS-based activity tracking data
Authors: Brauer Anna , Mäkinen Ville , Oksanen Juha
Published: June 2023

Abstract. Devices with integrated global navigation satellite system (GNSS) receivers have enabled citizens to accurately record activities such as bicycle trips, runs, and walks. Due to its spatiotemporal extent and high level of detail, GNSS-based activity tracking data is a valuable source of information on active modes of transportation. At the same time, movement recordings of individuals are sensitive data and are associated with privacy concerns. In this work, we present a privacy-aware platform where citizens can contribute GNSS tracks to an open repository. The repository is published according to the FAIR data principles: findable, accessible, interoperable, and reusable. This provides the opportunity to use the data as a benchmark for the development of GNSS trajectory processing methods. The platform’s privacy module processes each track before publication, concealing stay points, generalizing the tracks in the temporal dimension, and suppressing tracks in sparsely populated areas. This approach mitigates the most likely re-identification attacks and limits the amount of information that could leak if an attacker succeeds with re-identification. As a residual risk remains, the platform sensitizes users to privacy risks and enables them to make informed decisions about publishing their data.
Malaria in Kenya during 2020: malaria indicator survey and suitability mapping for understanding spatial variations in prevalence and risk
Authors: Kioko Caroline K. , Blanford Justine I.
Published: June 2023

Abstract. Despite the availability of effective interventions malaria continues to be a major public health issue in Kenya, where young children and pregnant women are particularly vulnerable. In this study we examined the spatial distribution of malaria incidence and how this relates to the environmental conditions required for malaria in 2020. The Kenya Malaria Indicator Survey (N=11,549) for 2020 was used with the Local Indicators of Spatial Autocorrelation (LISA) method to determine spatial clusters of malaria and assess their significance as well as interventions in use. Climate data was used with a Fuzzy Overlay method to create malaria risk maps. The findings suggest that malaria incidence is not evenly distributed across Kenya, with some regions having higher rates of transmission and others having lower rates. High-rate clusters of malaria and high-risk areas of malaria transmission could benefit from increased vector control measures.
Individualization in Spatial Behaviour and Map Reading
Authors: Schwering Angela , Krukar Jakub , Seep Jana , Qamaz Yousef
Published: June 2023

Abstract. For a long time, research has investigated spatial behaviour of people in navigation research and identified different wayfinding strategies. Researchers agree, that the environment with its structure and features influences the wayfinding strategies. The present paper presents a tool to investigate people’s strategies during navigation tasks. GeoGami, an educational geogame fostering navigational map reading skills, can be used to collect trajectories of people navigating through an environment. We developed a semantically annotated representation of the environment and clustered the resulting trajectories according to their spatio-temporal and semantic similarity. The result shows the existence of groups of common spatial patterns along with individual spatial behaviours that cannot be grouped into a cluster.
ENDIG: Interactive Geovisualization of Surveillance Systems for Notifiable Diseases in Europe
Authors: Tjaden Nils B. , Blanford Justine I.
Published: June 2023

Abstract. National disease surveillance systems are among the most important tools for the observation and management of communicable diseases. They help to detect outbreaks and monitor the success of public health responses. The European Union aims to harmonize the European landscape of disease surveillance systems for better interoperability across the member states. However, the progress of these efforts is difficult to assess, as information is available in different formats, written reports or numerous tables for individual diseases. Here we present ENDIG, an interactive geovisualization tool, that makes the existing information easily accessible to end users and researchers in public health and adjoining disciplines. ENDIG allows for convenient exploration about the development of national disease surveillance systems for more than 60 diseases in the EU member states, as well as Iceland, Liechtenstein and Norway, over the course of the past 7 years (2015–2021).
Comparison of low-cost techniques for digital cultural heritage preservation of an original Egyptian temple
Authors: Voûte Robert L. , Prins Hessel , Smit Bart-Peter
Published: June 2023

Abstract. The research covers a method to map archaeological objects (cultural heritage) in 3D in an accurate, detailed way with low-cost equipment. This paper deals with a preliminary step, testing the method on an ancient Egyptian object, the temple of Taffeh (Raven, 1996) in the Rijksmuseum van Oudheden (National Museum of Antiquities) in Leiden, the Netherlands. Mapping the temple is a preparation step for accurately and detailed mapping and geo-referencing an ancient Egyptian subterranean tomb. The research was to compare two different techniques on reliability and precision, together describing the accuracy. The proposed techniques in the method are photogrammetry with a full-frame digital mirrorless camera and using an iPhone with LiDAR capability. For this first step, the mapping of the temple, a third technique was added: a more advanced mobile laser scanner (a ZEB Horizon), not being low-cost but interesting for comparison and possibly validation. Of all three techniques the point density was measured to give a first indication of the level of detail. The research shows the method to be promising for use in Egypt. The photogrammetry model was the most accurate, presenting sub-centimetre details of the object while the iPhone LiDAR model was less accurate and lower in point density but faster.
Development and evaluation of an improved offline aerosol mass spectrometry technique
Authors: Vasilakopoulou Christina N. , Florou Kalliopi , Kaltsonoudis Christos , Stavroulas Iasonas , Mihalopoulos Nikolaos , Pandis Spyros N.
Published: June 2023

Abstract. The offline aerosol mass spectrometry technique is
a useful tool for the source apportionment of organic aerosol (OA) in areas
and periods during which an aerosol mass spectrometer (AMS) is not available. However, the technique is
based on the extraction of aerosol samples in water, while several
atmospheric OA components are partially or fully insoluble in water. In this work an improved offline technique was developed and evaluated in an effort to capture most of the partially soluble and insoluble organic aerosol material, reducing significantly the uncertainty of the corresponding source
apportionment. A major advantage of the proposed approach is that no
corrections are needed for the offline analysis to account for the limited
water solubility of some OA components. The improved offline AMS analysis
was tested in three campaigns: two during winter and one during summer.
Collocated online AMS measurements were performed for the evaluation of the offline method. Source apportionment analysis was performed separately for the online and the offline measurements using positive matrix
factorization (PMF). The PMF results showed that the fractional contribution of each factor to the total OA differed between the online and the offline PMF results by less than 15 %. The differences in the AMS spectra of the
factors of the two approaches could be significant, suggesting that the use
of factor profiles from the literature in the offline analysis may lead to
complications. Part of the good agreement between the online and the
offline PMF results is due to the ability of the improved offline AMS
technique to capture a bigger part of the OA, including insoluble organic
material. This was evident by the significant fraction of submicrometer
suspended insoluble particles present in the water extract and by the
reduced insoluble material on the filters after the extraction process. More than half of the elemental carbon (EC) was on average missing from the
filters after the water extraction. Significant EC concentrations were
measured in the produced aerosol that was used as input to the AMS during
the offline analysis.
A portable reflected-sunlight spectrometer for CO2 and CH4
Authors: Löw Benedikt A. , Kleinschek Ralph , Enders Vincent , Sander Stanley P. , Pongetti Thomas J. , Schmitt Tobias D. , Hase Frank , Kostinek Julian , Butz André
Published: June 2023

Abstract. Mapping the greenhouse gases carbon dioxide (CO2) and methane (CH4) above source regions such as urban areas can deliver insights into the distribution and dynamics of the local emission patterns. Here, we present the prototype development and an initial performance evaluation of a portable spectrometer that allows for measuring CO2 and CH4 concentrations integrated along a long (>10 km) horizontal path component through the atmospheric boundary layer above a target region. To this end, the spectrometer is positioned at an elevated site from which it points downward at reflection targets in the region collecting the reflected sunlight at shallow viewing angles. The path-integrated CO2 and CH4 concentrations are inferred from the absorption fingerprint in the shortwave-infrared (SWIR) spectral range. While mimicking the concept of the stationary CLARS-FTS (California Laboratory for Atmospheric Remote Sensing - Fourier Transform Spectrometer) at Los Angeles, our portable setup requires minimal infrastructures and is straightforward to duplicate and to operate at various places. For performance evaluation, we deployed the instrument, termed EM27/SCA, side-by-side with the CLARS-FTS at Mt. Wilson observatory (1670 m a.s.l.) above Los Angeles for a month-long period in Apr./May 2022. We determined the relative precision of the retrieved slant column densities (SCDs) for urban reflection targets to 0.36–0.55 % for O2, CO2 and CH4, where O2 is relevant for lightpath estimation. For the partial vertical columns (VCDs) below instrument level, which is the quantity carrying the emission information, the propagated precision errors amount to 0.75–2 % for the three gases depending on the distance to the reflection target and solar zenith angle. The comparison to simultaneous CLARS-FTS measurements shows good consistency, but the observed diurnal patterns highlight the need for taking into account light scattering to enable detection of emission patterns.
The GeoCarb greenhouse gas retrieval algorithm: Simulations and sensitivity to sources of uncertainty
Authors: McGarragh Gregory R. , O'Dell Christopher W. , Crowell Sean M. R. , Somkuti Peter , Burgh Eric B. , Moore III Berrien
Published: June 2023

Abstract. The Geostationary Carbon Cycle Observatory (GeoCarb) was selected as NASA's second Earth Venture Mission (EVM-2). The scientific objectives of GeoCarb are to advance our knowledge of the carbon cycle, in particular land-atmosphere fluxes of the greenhouse gases carbon dioxide (CO2) and methane (CH4), and the effects on these fluxes on the Earth's radiation budget. GeoCarb will retrieve column integrated amounts of CO2 (XCO2), CH4 (XCH4) and CO (XCO; important for understanding tropospheric chemistry), in addition to Solar-Induced Fluorescence (SIF), which is proportional to the photosynthetic activity of vegetation, from hyperspectral resolution measurements in the O2 A-band at 0.76 um, the weak CO2 band at 1.6 um, the strong CO2 band at 2.06 um, and a CH4/CO band at 2.32 um. Unlike it's polar orbiting predecessors (OCO-2/3, GOSAT-1/2, TROPOMI), GeoCarb will be in a Geostationary orbit with a sub-satellite point centered over the Americas. This orbital configuration combined with its high spatial resolution imaging capabilities will provide an unprecedented view of these quantities on spatial and temporal scales accurate enough to resolve sources and sinks to improve land-atmosphere CO2 and CH4 flux calculations and reduce the uncertainty of these fluxes. This paper will present a description of the GeoCarb instrument and the level-2 retrieval algorithms which will be followed by simulation experiments to determine a relatively comprehensive error budget for each target gas. Several sources of uncertainty will be explored including that from the instrument calibration parameters for radiometric gain, the instrument line shape (ILS), the polarization, and the geolocation pointing, in addition to, forward model parameters including that from meteorology and spectroscopy. The results indicate that the errors (1σ) are less than the instrument's multi-sounding precision requirements of 1.2 ppm, 10 ppb, and 12 ppb (10 %), for XCO2, XCH4, and XCO, respectively. In particular, when considering the sources of uncertainty separately and in combination (all sources included), we find overall RMS errors of 1.06 ppm for XCO2, 8.2 ppb for XCH4, and 2.5 ppb for XCO, respectively. Additionally, we find that, as expected, errors in XCO2 and XCH4 are dominated by forward model and other systematic errors, while errors in XCO, like SIF, are dominated by measurement noise.
Reviews and syntheses: Greenhouse gas emissions from drained organic forest soils – synthesizing data for site-specific emission factors for boreal and cool temperate regions
Authors: Jauhiainen Jyrki , Heikkinen Juha , Clarke Nicholas , He Hongxing , Dalsgaard Lise , Minkkinen Kari , Ojanen Paavo , Vesterdal Lars , Alm Jukka , Butlers Aldis , Callesen Ingeborg , Jordan Sabine , Lohila Annalea , Mander Ülo , Óskarsson Hlynur , Sigurdsson Bjarni D. , Søgaard Gunnhild , Soosaar Kaido , Kasimir Åsa , Bjarnadottir Brynhildur , Lazdins Andis , Laiho Raija
Published: June 2023

Abstract. We compiled published peer-reviewed CO2, CH4 and N2O data on drained organic forest soils in boreal and temperate zones, to revisit the current Tier 1 default emission factors (EFs) provided in the IPCC (2014) Wetlands Supplement: to see whether their uncertainty may be reduced, to evaluate possibilities for breaking the broad categories used for the IPCC EFs into more site-type specific ones, and to inspect the potential relevance of a number of environmental variables for predicting the annual soil greenhouse gas (GHG) balances, on which the EFs are based. Despite a considerable number of publications applicable for compiling EFs was added, only modest changes were found compared to the Tier 1 default EFs. However, the more specific site-type categories generated in this study showed narrower confidence intervals compared to the default categories. Overall, the highest CO2 EFs were found for temperate afforested agricultural lands, and boreal forestry-drained sites with very low tree-stand productivity. The highest CH4 EFs in turn prevailed at boreal nutrient-poor forests with very low tree-stand productivity and temperate forests irrespective of nutrient status, while the EFs for afforested sites were low or showed a sink function. The highest N2O EFs were found for afforested agricultural lands and forestry-drained nutrient-rich sites. The occasional wide confidence intervals could be mainly explained by single or few highly deviating estimates, rather than the broadness of the categories applied. Our EFs for the novel categories were further supported by the statistical models connecting the annual soil GHG balances to site-specific soil nutrient status indicators, tree stand characteristics, and temperature-associated weather and climate variables. The results of this synthesis have important implications for EF revisions and national emission reporting, e.g., by the use of different categories for afforested sites and forestry-drained sites, and more specific site productivity categories based on timber production potential.
Field monitoring of pore-water pressure in fully and partly saturated debris flows at Ohya landslide scar, Japan
Authors: Oya Shunsuke , Imaizumi Fumitoshi , Takayama Shoki
Published: June 2023

Abstract. The characteristics of debris flows (e.g., mobility, sediment concentration, erosion, and deposition of sediment) are dependent on the pore-water pressure in the flows. Therefore, understanding the magnitude of pore-water pressure in debris flows is essential for improving debris flow mitigations measures. Notably, the pore-water pressure in a partly saturated flow, which contains an unsaturated layer in its upper part, has not been understood, due to a lack of data. The monitoring performed in Ohya landslide scar, central Japan, allowed us to obtain the data on the pore-water pressure in fully and partly saturated flows during four debris flow events. In some partly and fully saturated debris flows, the pore-water pressure at the channel bed exceeded the hydrostatic pressure of clean water. The depth gradient of the pore-water pressure in the lower part of the flow, monitored using water pressure sensors at multiple depths, was generally higher than the depth-averaged gradient of the pore-water pressure from the channel bed to the surface of the flow. The low gradient of the pore-water pressure in the upper part of partly saturated debris flow may be affected by the low hydrostatic pressure due to unsaturation of the flow. Additionally, excess pore-water pressure was observed in the lower part of partly saturated surges. The excess pore-water pressure may have resulted from the loading of particles and contraction of interstitial water. The pore-water pressure at the channel bed of fully saturated flow was generally similar to the hydrostatic pressure of clean water, while some saturated surges portrayed higher pore-water pressure than the hydrostatic pressure. The travel distance of debris flows, investigated by the structure from motion technique using unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV-SfM) and the monitoring of time lapse cameras, was long during a rainfall event having high intensity, even though the pore-water pressure in the flow was not significantly high. We conclude that the flow type (fully or partly saturated flows) should be considered to estimate the depth gradient of pore-water pressure in debris flows.
Source Apportionment of PM2.5 in Montréal, Canada and Health Risk Assessment for Potentially Toxic Elements
Authors: Fakhri Nansi , Stevens Robin , Downey Arnold , Oikonomou Konstantina , Sciare Jean , Afif Charbel , Hayes Patrick L.
Published: June 2023

Abstract. Source apportionment of PM2.5 was performed using positive matrix factorization (PMF) based on detailed chemical composition data from 24-h filters collected over 3-months period (August–November 2020) at an urban site in Montréal, a Canadian city with a population of approximately 4 million people. This source apportionment study, which examined the main contributing sources to PM2.5 using a large suit of organic molecular markers, is the first of its sort in Canada. A focus of this study was on quantifying previously unresolved sources of PM2.5 through the inclusion in the PMF analysis of additional organic molecular markers beyond those measured typically by the Canadian government’s National Air Pollution Surveillance Program (NAPS). The organic species included in the PMF model were namely, n-alkanes, hopane, fatty acids, dicarboxylic acids, and biogenic secondary organic aerosols (SOA) tracers. Secondary inorganic aerosols (SIA) and SOA were the dominant components and constituted 39 % of the measured PM2.5 mass while the local primary anthropogenic sources, namely traffic exhaust, road dust, industrial, and cooking emissions contributed 23 %. The chemical transport model GEOS-Chem revealed that ammonium sulfate concentrations in Montréal are strongly influenced by both local sources in Québec and transboundary input from the United States, with the transboundary input exceeding the local emissions for SOA. Co and Cr(VI) presented an elevated cancer risk, highlighting that more attention should be given to these trace metals, which were associated with industrial emissions by the PMF analysis. Furthermore, the results showed that industrial emissions were minor contributors to the total PM2.5 mass, but the largest contributors to Co and Cr(VI) concentrations. Thus, the health hazards associated with this source cannot be entirely established by the PM2.5 mass concentration alone. This study highlights that, when evaluating air quality in Montréal and other urban regions, the prioritization of sources for mitigations strategies will diverge if one considers total PM2.5 mass concentration or the concentration of individual particulate-bound contaminants. Furthermore, the large transboundary contribution from the United States to total PM2.5 levels suggests that future municipal, provincial and federal monitoring and regulations would be more effective if they focus on specific high-risk contaminants (e.g., Co and Cr(VI) rather than total PM2.5.