bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Ketoacid Analogues Supplementation in Chronic Kidney Disease and Future Perspectives
Authors: Koppe Laetitia , Cassani de Oliveira Mariana , Fouque Denis
Published: September 2019

Diet is a key component of care during chronic kidney disease (CKD). Nutritional interventions, and, specifically, a restricted protein diet has been under debate for decades. In order to reduce the risk of nutritional disorders in very-low protein diets (VLDP), supplementation by nitrogen-free ketoacid analogues (KAs) have been proposed. The aim of this review is to summarize the potential effects of this dietary therapy on renal function, uremic toxins levels, and nutritional and metabolic parameters and propose future directions. The purpose of this paper is also to select all experimental and randomized clinical studies (RCTs) that have compared VLDP + KA to normal diet or/and low protein diet (LPD). We reviewed the SCOPUS, WEB of SCIENCES, CENTRAL, and PUBMED databases from their inception to 1 January, 2019. Following duplicate removal and application of exclusion criteria, 23 RCTs and 12 experimental studies were included. LPD/VLPD + KAs appear nutritionally safe even if how muscle protein metabolism adapts to an LPD/VLPD + KAs is still largely unknown. VLPD + KAs seem to reduce uremic toxins production but the impact on intestinal microbiota remains unexplored. All studies observed a reduction of acidosis, phosphorus, and possibly sodium intake, while still providing adequate calcium intake. The impact of this diet on carbohydrate and bone parameters are only preliminary and need to be confirmed with RCTs. The Modification of Diet in Renal Disease study, the largest RCTs, failed to demonstrate a benefit in the primary outcome of the decline rate for the glomerular filtration rate. However, the design of this study was challenged and data were subsequently reanalyzed. However, when adherent patients were selected, with a rapid rate of progression and a long-term follow up, more recent meta-analysis and RCTs suggest that these diets can reduce the loss of the glomerular filtration rate in addition to the beneficial effects of renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system (RAAS) inhibitors. The current evidence suggests that KAs supplemented LPD diets should be included as part of the clinical recommendations for both the nutritional prevention and metabolic management of CKD. More research is needed to examine the effectiveness of KAs especially on uremic toxins. A reflection about the dose and composition of the KAs supplement, the cost-effective features, and their indication to reduce the frequency of dialysis needs to be completed.
A Study on the Relationship of Fat Content in Human Milk on Carotenoids Content and Fatty Acid Compositions in Korea
Authors: Duan Beibei , Shin Jung-Ah , Qin Yan , Kwon Jung-Il , Lee Ki-Teak
Published: September 2019

Thirty-four samples of human milk (HM) collected from mothers in Korea were classified into three groups according to their fat content. The lutein + zeaxanthin, β-cryptoxanthin, β-carotene, lycopene, α-carotene, and fatty acids (FAs) present in the HM were quantitatively analyzed. Lutein + zeaxanthin and β-cryptoxanthin were the most abundant carotenoid components in this study, followed by β-carotene. When the classified groups were compared in terms of the content of each carotenoid, there was no statistical difference (p > 0.05), indicating that there is no correlation between the content of fat and carotenoid in HM. The mean content of saturated FAs (SFAs), monounsaturated FAs, and polyunsaturated FAs in the analyzed HM were 1.46, 1.36, and 0.83 g/100 g, respectively. In addition, the mean content of arachidonic acid (AA) and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) were 0.02 and 0.029 g/100 g, respectively. Alternatively, all FAs except for certain SFAs (i.e., C8:0, C10:0, C12:0, and C14:0) did not show statistical difference in composition among the three groups (p > 0.05), indicating that the differences in the fat content of HM have limited influence on the FA composition of HM.
A Review of Dietary (Phyto)Nutrients for Glutathione Support
Authors: Minich Deanna M. , Brown Benjamin I.
Published: September 2019

Glutathione is a tripeptide that plays a pivotal role in critical physiological processes resulting in effects relevant to diverse disease pathophysiology such as maintenance of redox balance, reduction of oxidative stress, enhancement of metabolic detoxification, and regulation of immune system function. The diverse roles of glutathione in physiology are relevant to a considerable body of evidence suggesting that glutathione status may be an important biomarker and treatment target in various chronic, age-related diseases. Yet, proper personalized balance in the individual is key as well as a better understanding of antioxidants and redox balance. Optimizing glutathione levels has been proposed as a strategy for health promotion and disease prevention, although clear, causal relationships between glutathione status and disease risk or treatment remain to be clarified. Nonetheless, human clinical research suggests that nutritional interventions, including amino acids, vitamins, minerals, phytochemicals, and foods can have important effects on circulating glutathione which may translate to clinical benefit. Importantly, genetic variation is a modifier of glutathione status and influences response to nutritional factors that impact glutathione levels. This narrative review explores clinical evidence for nutritional strategies that could be used to improve glutathione status.
Efficacy of Arabica Versus Robusta Coffee in Improving Weight, Insulin Resistance, and Liver Steatosis in a Rat Model of Type-2 Diabetes
Authors: Shokouh Pedram , Jeppesen Per B , Christiansen Christine B , Mellbye Fredrik B , Hermansen Kjeld , Gregersen Søren
Published: September 2019

The effects of chronic coffee exposure in models of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2D) is scarcely studied, and the efficacy of the main coffee species has never been compared. We tested the hypothesis that long-term consumption of arabica and robusta coffee may differentially delay and affect T2D development in Zucker diabetic fatty rats. Three study groups received either chow mixed with arabica or robusta instant coffee (1.8% w/w) or unsupplemented chow food for 10 weeks. Both coffee species reduced liver triglyceride content and area under the curve of fasting and postprandial insulin. At study end, plasma adiponectin, total cholesterol and high density lipoprotein levels were higher in the robust group compared with both arabica and control groups. The liver gene expression of Glucose-6-phosphatase, catalytic subunit (G6pc) and Mechanistic target of rapamycin (mTOR) in robusta and Cpt1a in both coffee groups was downregulated. In conclusion, long-term consumption of both coffee species reduced weight gain and liver steatosis and improved insulin sensitivity in a rat model of T2D. Robusta coffee was seemingly superior to arabica coffee with respect to effects on lipid profile, adiponectin level and hepatic gene expression.
Tracking of Dietary Intake and Diet Quality from Late Pregnancy to the Postpartum Period
Authors: Lebrun Audrée , Plante Anne-Sophie , Savard Claudia , Dugas Camille , Fontaine-Bisson Bénédicte , Lemieux Simone , Robitaille Julie , Morisset Anne-Sophie
Published: September 2019

The present study aimed to characterize dietary intake and diet quality from late pregnancy to six months postpartum. Participants (n = 28) completed 2–3 Web-based 24 h recalls at three distinct periods: (1) during the third trimester of pregnancy; (2) three months and (3) six months after delivery. Energy, macro-and micronutrient intakes (from foods and supplements), as well as the Canadian healthy eating index (C-HEI) were derived from the dietary recalls. No significant variation in energy and macronutrient intakes was observed between time points. The proportion of women taking at least one supplement decreased over time (p = 0.003). The total intake of several micronutrients (vitamins A, C, D, group B vitamins, iron, magnesium, zinc, calcium, phosphorus, manganese, and copper) decreased significantly over time (p < 0.05 for all micronutrients). The total C-HEI score and its components did not change, except for the total vegetables and fruit subscore, which decreased over time (8.2 ± 2.0 in the 3rd trimester, 7.1 ± 2.2 at three months postpartum, 6.9 ± 2.4 at 6 months postpartum, p = 0.04). In conclusion, we observed a general stability in diet quality, energy, and macronutrient intakes from the third trimester of pregnancy to six months postpartum. However, several micronutrient intakes decreased over time, mostly due to changes in supplement use.
Comparison of the Utility of Total Plasma Fatty Acids Versus those in Cholesteryl Ester, Phospholipid, and Triglyceride as Biomarkers of Fatty Acid Intake
Authors: Furtado Jeremy D. , Beqari Jorind , Campos Hannia
Published: September 2019

Total plasma fatty acids or those in cholesteryl ester and phospholipids are often used to reflect fatty acid intake in epidemiological studies, but their relative performance as biomarkers of intake has not been clearly evaluated within a single population. The assessment of fatty acids in plasma fractions is more labor intensive. Thus, their use as biomarkers of dietary intake needs to be justified. Dietary intake was assessed in 200 population-based controls from a case-control study of diet and heart disease in Costa Rica by a validated food frequency questionnaire (FFQ). Fatty acids in fasting whole plasma and plasma fractions (cholesteryl ester, phospholipid, and triglyceride + free fatty acid) were measured in the 200 controls by the same laboratory using gas chromatography with flame ionization detection (GC-FID). We compared the plasma and plasma fractions data with the FFQ and adipose fatty acid profile using partial Spearman correlations to assess utility as biomarkers of intake and exposure. We found that whole plasma was equally or more strongly correlated with the FFQ and adipose fatty acid profile than either cholesteryl ester or phospholipid in most of the established markers of dietary intake, including dairy (15:0 and 17:0) and seafood (eicosapentaenoic acid and docosahexaenoic acid). Of the three plasma fractions, only fatty acids in the plasma triglyceride + free fatty acid fraction had stronger correlations with dietary intake than whole plasma. In our study population, fatty acids measured in fasting whole plasma perform as good as or better than those measured in plasma fractions as biomarkers for dietary fatty acid intake. Thus, the fractionation of plasma to evaluate long-term fatty acid intake may not be warranted.
The Potential for Renal Injury Elicited by Physical Work in the Heat
Authors: Schlader Zachary J. , Hostler David , Parker Mark D. , Pryor Riana R. , Lohr James W. , Johnson Blair D. , Chapman Christopher L.
Published: September 2019

An epidemic of chronic kidney disease (CKD) is occurring in laborers who undertake physical work in hot conditions. Rodent data indicate that heat exposure causes kidney injury, and when this injury is regularly repeated it can elicit CKD. Studies in humans demonstrate that a single bout of exercise in the heat increases biomarkers of acute kidney injury (AKI). Elevations in AKI biomarkers in this context likely reflect an increased susceptibility of the kidneys to AKI. Data largely derived from animal models indicate that the mechanism(s) by which exercise in the heat may increase the risk of AKI is multifactorial. For instance, heat-related reductions in renal blood flow may provoke heterogenous intrarenal blood flow. This can promote localized ischemia, hypoxemia and ATP depletion in renal tubular cells, which could be exacerbated by increased sodium reabsorption. Heightened fructokinase pathway activity likely exacerbates ATP depletion occurring secondary to intrarenal fructose production and hyperuricemia. Collectively, these responses can promote inflammation and oxidative stress, thereby increasing the risk of AKI. Equivalent mechanistic evidence in humans is lacking. Such an understanding could inform the development of countermeasures to safeguard the renal health of laborers who regularly engage in physical work in hot environments.
Effects of Regular Kefir Consumption on Gut Microbiota in Patients with Metabolic Syndrome: A Parallel-Group, Randomized, Controlled Study
Authors: BELLIKCI-KOYU Ezgi , SARER-YUREKLI Banu Pınar , AKYON Yakut , AYDIN-KOSE Fadime , KARAGOZLU Cem , OZGEN Ahmet Gokhan , BRINKMANN Annika , NITSCHE Andreas , ERGUNAY Koray , YILMAZ Engin , BUYUKTUNCER Zehra
Published: September 2019

Several health-promoting effects of kefir have been suggested, however, there is limited evidence for its potential effect on gut microbiota in metabolic syndrome This study aimed to investigate the effects of regular kefir consumption on gut microbiota composition, and their relation with the components of metabolic syndrome. In a parallel-group, randomized, controlled clinical trial setting, patients with metabolic syndrome were randomized to receive 180 mL/day kefir (n = 12) or unfermented milk (n = 10) for 12 weeks. Anthropometrical measurements, blood samples, blood pressure measurements, and fecal samples were taken at the beginning and end of the study. Fasting insulin, HOMA-IR, TNF-α, IFN-γ, and systolic and diastolic blood pressure showed a significant decrease by the intervention of kefir (p ≤ 0.05, for each). However, no significant difference was obtained between the kefir and unfermented milk groups (p > 0.05 for each). Gut microbiota analysis showed that regular kefir consumption resulted in a significant increase only in the relative abundance of Actinobacteria (p = 0.023). No significant change in the relative abundance of Bacteroidetes, Proteobacteria or Verrucomicrobia by kefir consumption was obtained. Furthermore, the changes in the relative abundance of sub-phylum bacterial populations did not differ significantly between the groups (p > 0.05, for each). Kefir supplementation had favorable effects on some of the metabolic syndrome parameters, however, further investigation is needed to understand its effect on gut microbiota composition.
Oxidative Stress in Cardiovascular Diseases: Still a Therapeutic Target?
Authors: Senoner Thomas , Dichtl Wolfgang
Published: September 2019

Cardiovascular diseases (CVD) are complex entities with heterogenous pathophysiologic mechanisms and increased oxidative stress has been viewed as one of the potential common etiologies. A fine balance between the presence of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and antioxidants is essential for the proper normal functioning of the cell. A basal concentration of ROS is indispensable for the manifestation of cellular functions, whereas excessive levels of ROS cause damage to cellular macromolecules such as DNA, lipids and proteins, eventually leading to necrosis and apoptotic cell death. CVD is the main cause of death worldwide with several conditions being affected by oxidative stress. Increased ROS lead to decreased nitric oxide availability and vasoconstriction, promoting arterial hypertension. ROS also negatively influence myocardial calcium handling, causing arrhythmia, and augment cardiac remodeling by inducing hypertrophic signaling and apoptosis. Finally, ROS have also been shown to promote atherosclerotic plaque formation. This review aims at giving an introduction into oxidative stress in CVD, with special focus on endothelial dysfunction, and then examining in detail the role of oxidative stress in the most prevalent of these diseases. Finally, potential nutraceuticals and diets that might be beneficial in diminishing the burden of oxidative stress in CVD are presented.
The Development of Legislation on the Social Economy in Continental Western Europe
Authors: Macías Ruano Antonio José , Manso José Ramos Pires
Published: September 2019

One of the main instruments for local development is the regulatory legal framework of the so-called Social Economy, a term and concept that is yet to be fully defined. The society’s approach to the generation of wealth encompasses different concepts, movements, approaches, and ways of acting, all of which pose a challenge to the determination of a precise definition. Within the European Union (E.U.), a common legislative base has been developed, although the specific legislation developed by each Member State has been uneven. The legislation may have started from the same common principles, but each country has adopted different legal forms. This work aims to outline the diverse ways of legislating on a concept that is still under construction and within similar legal frameworks, illustrating the lack of harmony between European states that, despite the sharing of borders and having common legislative foundations, distance themselves in the final legislation, a situation that does not benefit the economic unity of entrepreneurs with social principles.
An Architecture for the Integration of Robots and Sensors for the Care of the Elderly in an Ambient Assisted Living Environment
Authors: Loza-Matovelle David , Verdugo Alexandra , Zalama Eduardo , Gómez-García-Bermejo Jaime
Published: September 2019

In this paper, the development of an assistance system for the elderly that combines robots with a network of sensors and actuators is described. The architecture was developed with the aim of interaction. With this reason, the system incorporates particular solutions that are adaptable to the needs of the user, such as a pyramid interaction system, a telepresence robot, a biometric bracelet, and others. In the software, the system is composed of two servers: local and web. The local server is in charge of different modules that interact with direct users and their needs. The web server provides different facilities to external users to access the system remotely. A use case is analyzed where the proposed system is validated.
The Influence of Signal to Noise Ratio of Legacy Airborne and Satellite Sensors for Simulating Next-Generation Coastal and Inland Water Products
Authors: Kudela Raphael M. , Hooker Stanford B. , Houskeeper Henry F. , McPherson Meredith
Published: September 2019

Presently, operational ocean color satellite sensors are designed with a legacy perspective for sampling the open ocean primarily in the visible domain, while high spatial resolution sensors such as Sentinel-2, Sentinel-3, and Landsat8 are increasingly used for observations of coastal and inland water quality. Next-generation satellites such as the NASA Plankton, Aerosol, Cloud and ocean Ecosystem (PACE) and Surface Biology and Geology (SBG) sensors are anticipated to increase spatial and/or spectral resolution. An important consideration is determining the minimum signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) needed to retrieve typical biogeochemical products, such as biomass, in aquatic systems, and whether legacy sensors can be used for algorithm development. Here, we evaluate SNR and remote-sensing reflectance (Rrs) uncertainty for representative bright and dim targets in coastal California, USA. The majority of existing sensors fail to meet proposed criteria. Despite these limitations, uncertainties in retrieved biomass as chlorophyll or normalized difference vegetation index (NDVI) remain well below a proposed threshold of 17.5%, suggesting that existing sensors can be used in coastal systems. Existing commercially available in-water and airborne instrument suites can exceed all proposed thresholds for SNR and Rrs uncertainty, providing a path forward for collection of calibration and validation data for future satellite missions.
Detection of Fake Reviews: Analysis of Sellers’ Manipulation Behavior
Authors: Chen Lirong , Li Wenli , Chen Hao , Geng Shidao
Published: September 2019

Online reputation systems play an important role in reducing consumers’ purchase uncertainty in online shopping. However, some sellers manipulate reviews for their own interests, which reduces the effectiveness of the reputation system. Unlike the previous studies, which focus on features of reviews and reviewers, this study establishes a game model to analyze sellers’ manipulation behavior and identifies what kind of sellers or under what scenario sellers are motivated to manipulate reviews. Our study provides a new perspective for platform to detect fake reviews and helps consumers to make good use of online reviews without getting trapped in some sellers’ fraudulent manipulation.
The Assessment of Non-Financial Risk Sources of SMES in the V4 Countries and Serbia
Authors: Oláh Judit , Virglerova Zuzana , Popp József , Kliestikova Jana , Kovács Sándor
Published: September 2019

Risks are a very important part of the business environment. If risks are managed well, they can provide a higher level of competitiveness and sustainability advantages for a company. The first step towards successful risk management is an identification of risks. The aim of this article is to create a risk profile for (small and medium-sized enterprises) SMEs in V4 countries (Czech Republic, Slovakia, Poland, Hungary), compare them to each other and then compare the results with those for Serbia. The data were collected during an extensive research project organized by Tomas Bata University in Zlín in 2017 and 2018. In total 2110 answers of SMEs were analyzed. For the verification of hypotheses, a 5-point Likert scale, Multiple Correspondence Analysis (MCA) and Multiple Factors Analysis (MFA) and ANOVA were used. The level of legal, security, personnel and operational risks is statistically higher in Serbia than in V4 countries, and the lowest level is in Slovakia. Some significant differences among the exposure to risk according to economic sectors were identified.
Negotiating Space and Visibility: Forms of Informality in Public Space
Authors: Kamalipour Hesam , Peimani Nastaran
Published: September 2019

Street trading has become integral to how public space works in cities of the global South. It cannot be considered as marginal since it gears to the urban economy and works as a key mode of income generation for the urban poor to sustain livelihoods. A poor understanding of how forms of street trading work in public space can lead to poor design and policy interventions. While many practices of formalization aim at the elimination of informality, the challenge is to explore the complex informal/formal relations and the dynamics of street trading to understand how forms of informality negotiate space and visibility in the public realm. In this paper, we propose a typology of street trading, based on the criteria of mobility within public space and proximity to public/private urban interfaces. While exploring the degrees of mobility in informal street trading can be crucial to the modes of governance and adaptability involved, of critical importance is to investigate how street trading takes place in relation to the built form—particularly the edges of public space where public/private interfaces enable or constrain exchange and appropriation. The developed typology provides a better understanding of the dynamics of street trading and contributes to the ways in which the built environment professions can most effectively engage with interventions in public space without eradicating the scope for informal adaptations.
How Can Post-Disaster Recovery Plans Be Improved Based on Historical Learning? A Comparison of Wenchuan Earthquake and Lushan Earthquake Recovery Plans
Authors: He Lei , Xie Ziang , Peng Yi , Song Yan , Dai Shenzhi
Published: September 2019

Despite the emphasis on sustainability in post-disaster recovery plans (PDRPs), few studies have been conducted to investigate the information conveyed in disaster recovery plans in terms of sustainability. We aimed to investigate, in terms of sustainability, how post-disaster recovery plans can be improved from historical learning by examining local recovery plans that were developed and adopted after the Wenchuan and Lushan earthquakes, which are two representative post-disaster recovery cases in China. An evaluation protocol for sustainability issues was developed to analyze the recovery plans of the most severely affected counties and towns in Wenchuan (16 samples) and Lushan (7 samples). A comparative analysis was conducted to identify the similarities, differences, and evolution of sustainability considerations in these PDRPs. Semi-structured interviews with key informants were conducted to supplement the evaluation with qualitative data. The results show that the components and concepts of sustainability in PDRPs are conveyed and developed mostly by following the organization’s existing patterns and regulations. In contrast, some components are retained across plans, thereby suggesting a substantial general structure of recovery plans. The underlying logic of this experience transfer across plans was discussed. The findings can help local governments and planners to effectively incorporate sustainability into PDRPs.
Net Greenhouse Gas Emissions from Agriculture in China: Estimation, Spatial Correlation and Convergence
Authors: Wu Haoyue , Huang Hanjiao , Tang Jin , Chen Wenkuan , He Yanqiu
Published: September 2019

The agricultural ecosystem has dual attributes of greenhouse gas (GHG) emission and absorption, which both influence the net amount of GHG. To have a clearer understanding of the net GHG effect, we linked up the emission and absorption of the agricultural ecosystem, estimated the net emissions of 30 provinces in China from 2007 to 2016, then explored the spatial correlation from global and local perspectives by Moran’s I, and finally tested the convergence of the net emissions by α convergence test, conditional β convergence test and spatial econometric methods. The results were: (1) The average of provincial agricultural net GHG emissions was around 4999.916 × 104 t, showing a fluctuating trend in the 10 years. Meanwhile, the gaps among provinces were gradually widening, as the provinces with high emissions were mainly agglomerated in the middle reaches of the Yangtze River, while those with less emissions mainly sat in the northwest. (2) The net emissions correlated spatially in close provinces. The agglomeration centers were located in the middle reaches of the Yangtze River and the northern coastal region, showing “high–high” and “low–low” agglomeration, respectively. (3) The net emissions did not achieve α convergence or conditional β convergence in the whole country, but the growth rate had a significant positive spillover effect among adjacent provinces, and two factors, the quantity of the labor force and the level of agricultural economy, had a negative impact on the rate. It is suggested that all provinces could strengthen regional cooperation to reduce agricultural net GHG emissions.
Sustainability of Palm Oil: Drivers of Consumers’ Preferences
Authors: Borrello Massimiliano , Annunziata Azzurra , Vecchio Riccardo
Published: September 2019

In recent years, the public debate on the health and sustainability of palm oil and its use by food industries has strongly influenced consumer choices. Consequently, palm oil-free products have asserted their image as healthier and more sustainable food products. The current paper contributes to the extant knowledge on consumers’ perception of palm oil, particularly concerning preferences for food products carrying a “palm oil-free” label on their packaging. A web survey with a sample of 291 individuals was performed. Determinants of consumers’ preferences towards the “palm oil-free” label were estimated with an ordered logistic model using as the dependent variable the purchasing frequency of palm oil-free foods and a set of independent variables. Results show that respondents generally prefer palm oil-free products, perceiving these products as healthier or eco-friendly. Furthermore, individuals are strongly influenced by the available information on these foods that may guide their choices for palm oil-free foods, which may be perceived as cleaner. Findings also highlight the low degree of information on this ingredient, underlining the need for public information and communication campaigns through different media, in order to emphasize that no scientifically proven negative health effect is currently attributed to palm oil consumption.
New Hermite–Hadamard Type Inequalities Involving Non-Conformable Integral Operators
Authors: Nápoles Valdés Juan E. , Rodríguez José M. , Sigarreta José M.
Published: September 2019

At present, inequalities have reached an outstanding theoretical and applied development and they are the methodological base of many mathematical processes. In particular, Hermite– Hadamard inequality has received considerable attention. In this paper, we prove some new results related to Hermite–Hadamard inequality via symmetric non-conformable integral operators.
The Entanglement Generation in

P
T

-Symmetric Optical Quadrimer System
Authors: Kalaga Joanna K.
Published: September 2019

We discuss a model consisting of four single-mode cavities with gain and loss energy in the first and last modes. The cavities are coupled to each other by linear interaction and form a chain. Such a system is described by a non-Hermitian Hamiltonian which, under some conditions, becomes P T -symmetric. We identify the phase-transition point and study the possibility of generation bipartite entanglement (entanglement between all pairs of cavities) in the system.
One-Dimensional Optimal System for 2D Rotating Ideal Gas
Authors: Paliathanasis Andronikos
Published: September 2019

We derive the one-dimensional optimal system for a system of three partial differential equations, which describe the two-dimensional rotating ideal gas with polytropic parameter γ > 2 . The Lie symmetries and the one-dimensional optimal system are determined for the nonrotating and rotating systems. We compare the results, and we find that when there is no Coriolis force, the system admits eight Lie point symmetries, while the rotating system admits seven Lie point symmetries. Consequently, the two systems are not algebraic equivalent as in the case of γ = 2 , which was found by previous studies. For the one-dimensional optimal system, we determine all the Lie invariants, while we demonstrate our results by reducing the system of partial differential equations into a system of first-order ordinary differential equations, which can be solved by quadratures.
Development of a Non-Meat-Based, Mass Producible and Effective Bait for Oral Vaccination of Dogs against Rabies in Goa State, India
Authors: Gibson Andrew D. , Mazeri Stella , Yale Gowri , Desai Santosh , Naik Vilas , Corfmat Julie , Ortmann Steffen , King Alasdair , Müller Thomas , Handel Ian , Bronsvoort Berend MdeC. , Gamble Luke , Mellanby Richard J. , Vos Ad
Published: September 2019

Introduction: To achieve the global goal of canine-mediated human rabies elimination by 2030 there is an urgent need to scale-up mass dog vaccination activities in regions with large dog populations that are difficult to access; a common situation in much of India. Oral rabies vaccination may enable the vaccination of free-roaming dogs that are inaccessible to parenteral vaccination, and is considered a promising complementary measure to parenteral mass dog vaccination campaigns. WHO and OIE have published detailed minimum requirements for rabies vaccines and baits to be used for this purpose, requiring that baits must not only be well-accepted by the target population but must also efficiently release the vaccine in the oral cavity. For oral rabies vaccination approaches to be successful, it is necessary to develop baits which have a high uptake by the target population, are culturally accepted and amenable to mass production. The aim of this study was to compare the interest and uptake rates of meat-based and an egg-based prototype bait constructs by free roaming dogs in Goa, India. Methods: Three teams randomly distributed two prototype baits; an egg-flavoured bait and a commercial meat dog food (gravy) flavoured bait. The outcomes of consumption were recorded and compared between baits and dog variables. Results: A total of 209 egg-bait and 195 gravy-bait distributions were recorded and analysed. No difference (p = 0.99) was found in the percentage of dogs interested in the baits when offered. However, significantly more dogs consumed the egg-bait than the gravy-bait; 77.5% versus 68.7% (p = 0.04). The release of the blue-dyed water inside the sachet in the oral cavity of the animals was significant higher in the dogs consuming an egg-bait compared to the gravy-bait (73.4% versus 56.7%, p = 0.001). Conclusions: The egg-based bait had a high uptake amongst free roaming dogs and also enabled efficient release of the vaccine in the oral cavity, whilst also avoiding culturally relevant materials of bovine or porcine meat products.
INICIAÇÃO SEXUAL: UMA ANÁLISE SOBRE A EXPERIÊNCIA DA SEXUALIDADE NA JUVENTUDE FEMININA CONTEMPORANEA
Authors: Alves Junqueira Victoria
Published: September 2019

A presente pesquisa busca identificar como as relações de gênero influenciam na forma com que as jovens vivenciam sua sexualidade, especialmente durante a fase de iniciação sexual, na sociedade contemporânea a partir de analise bibliográfica do tema. De modo a compreender quais fatores sociais e qual maneira estes influenciam as atitudes e opiniões destes jovens quando relacionadas à sexualidade. Para tanto, analiso primeiramente as novas práticas afetivas e/ou sexuais próprias das dinâmicas de relacionamento e conjugalidade utilizadas pela juventude atualmente: “pegar”, “ficar” e “namorar”. Em seguida penso os fatores que influem na escolha das meninas em quando, como e com quem começar a se relacionar sexualmente. A metodologia da pesquisa constitui-se de uma revisão bibliográfica a cerca de textos recentes sobre o tema, sendo o mais antigo de 2002 e o mais recente de 2011.
OS CONGADOS, OS CABILDOS E A DIÁSPORA AFRICANA NA AMÉRICA: OS AGRUPAMENTOS E SUAS CLASSIFICAÇÕES NO CONTEXTO RITUAL
Authors: Silva Daniel Albergaria
Published: September 2019

Estudados ora como exemplos de sincretismo, ora como subterfúgios no intuito de resistência, agrupamentos de negros em festejos de saudação a santos católicos e à Coroação de seus Reis e Rainhas foram documentados em diferentes períodos e locais do continente americano para onde foram enviados africanos escravizados entre os séculos XVI e XIX. No Brasil, Cuba ou Antilhas, revelam-se formas semelhantes de um esquema festivo similar, mas com especificidades. Os registros destes festejos em diferentes lugares e períodos históricos ressaltam, dentre outros temas, a demarcação de diferenças entre os grupos em seus contextos. O fenômeno social será analisado valendo-se do contraste com materiais etnográficos sobre os estilos de Grupos de Congado no estado de Minas Gerais, Brasil, e suas versões míticas de aparição de Nossa Senhora do Rosário aos antigos negros escravizados. Os Congados utilizam objetos, danças e musicalidades específicas em seus cortejos públicos, em meio aos quais articulam suas classificações. O estudo das transformações de um motivo presente nas versões míticas e rituais, a variabilidade dos grupos rituais e seus sinais diacríticos, sugere a atualização de princípios de reciprocidade.
MEDIAÇÃO DE CONFLITOS, DEMOCRACIA PARTICIPATIVA E COMPORTAMENTO CIDADÃO
Authors: Dias Jéssica Gomes
Published: September 2019

O presente trabalho tem o objetivo de apresentar informações sobre o instituto da mediação, bem como suscitar reflexões acerca do comportamento cidadão que esta busca incentivar, bem como sua relação com a democracia participativa. Para tanto, é feita revisão bibliográfica acerca da matéria, utilizando-se autores como Habermas, Young e José Murilo de Carvalho, a fim de contextualizar a mediação de conflitos no panorama da democracia participativa, deliberativa e no modelo de formação da cidadania brasileira. Para que entendamos o demandismo, que tanto enche os tribunais de processos e faz com que o Estado fomente métodos autocompositivos de resolução de conflitos, temos que refletir acerca do nosso modelo de comportamento cidadão, a fim de que a mediação deconflitos seja de fato um instrumento eficaz e justo de resolução de demandas, promovendo comportamento mais consciente, ativo e autônomo do indivíduo perante o judiciário brasileiro.
FINANCIAMENTO PÚBLICO E QUALIDADE DA EDUCAÇÃO: UMA ANÁLISE DO GASTO MUNICIPAL EM EDUCAÇÃO E DO ÍNDICE DE DESENVOLVIMENTO DA EDUCAÇÃO BÁSICA (IDEB)
Authors: Severo Xavier Ana Beatriz , De Moraes Peixoto Vitor , Rohen Linhares Maycon
Published: September 2019

A Constituição Federal de 1988 foi promulgada em um cenário onde a discussão acerca da descentralização e maior participação no regime democrático estava em pauta.  Em um regime de colaboração e divisão dos custos operacionais do sistema de educação nacional, a constituição incentiva a descentralização dos recursos financeiros e das responsabilidades sobre a oferta do serviço educacional. Cabe aos municípios atuar prioritariamente na educação infantil e no ensino fundamental, destinando o mínimo de 25% de suas receitas na educação. O objetivo deste trabalho foi analisar a relação entre os gastos públicos municipais em educação e a qualidade da educação. A empreitada empregou uma metodologia quantitativa e utilizou indicadores político-eleitorais, de gasto por função e de qualidade da educação. Os principais achados deste trabalho foram os de que, em média, os gastos entre os partidos foram semelhantes, ou seja, partidos diferentes não imprimiram volumes diferentes de gasto na educação. E ao correlacionar o gasto municipal com educação e o desempenho destes mesmos municípios no IDEB, os resultados obtidos apontam para uma ausência de correlação linear entre as duas variáveis.
MEDO E DISCURSO: UMA ANÁLISE DO DISCURSO ARMAMENTISTA DESDE 2000
Authors: Nabak Vinicius Toscano
Published: September 2019

Este artigo busca realizar uma inspeção do discurso armamentista brasileiro no período compreendido entre o ano de 2000 até 2017. O trabalho buscou enxergar um padrão desse discurso, as mudanças que houve e suas implicações. O desenvolvimento se deu a partir dos conceitos de estados de violência de Frédéric Gros e de necroética de Grégoyre Chamayou e pelos critérios de Van Dijk para análise do discurso, cabendo aos processos internos de Michel Foucault a análise da ideologia. Por fim, conclui-se na mudança do discurso armamentista de modo a se tornar mais difundível
SOCIEDADES CONTEMPORÂNEAS E ESTRATIFICAÇÃO SOCIAL: REFLEXÃO ACERCA DOS DESAFIOS GERADOS PELAS NOVAS ESTRUTURAS SOCIAIS
Authors: Vieira Godinho Luiza
Published: September 2019

As sociedades contemporâneas e suas novas estruturas sociais trazem desafios no campo da sociologia. Nesse sentindo, o presente estudo trata dos desafios encontrados na dimensão da estratificação social nas sociedades contemporâneas, assumindo o conceito de sociedades do conhecimento e a consequente necessidade de uma alteração das ferramentas conceituais utilizadas para estudar esse fenômeno.  Diante disso, é apresentada uma discussão sobre as perspectivas da sociologia contemporânea e suas influências em uma nova proposta de abordagem teórica-conceitual.  Em uma análise geral, ficou evidente a necessidade de um cuidado maior para analisar os novos fenômenos sociais encontrados nessas sociedades, sugerindo uma reformulação das bases teóricas tacitamente aceitas e particularmente ficou em evidência a influência que a desigualdade social, mesmo que em novas dimensões, possui direta ou indiretamente nas estruturas sociais.
A CIDADANIA DE CRIANÇAS E ADOLESCENTES NO BRASIL: CAMINHOS E DESAFIOS
Authors: Soares Danilo José Viturino
Published: September 2019

O artigo em tela tem por objetivo realizar uma análise sobre o surgimento e desenvolvimento da cidadania de crianças e adolescentes no Brasil. Através de referenciais teóricos clássicos do pensamento político brasileiro e de abordagens de curto-alcance, buscamos entender o complexo processo de garantia de direitos, e mudanças de paradigmas no que se refere a estes sujeitos. Apesar de grandes avanços com a implementação do Estatuto da Criança e do Adolescente e todo seu aparato burocrático-administrativo, as heranças da velha política social menorista, de manutenção das desigualdades socioeconômicas, persistem simultaneamente com a concepção de uma infância universal. Longe de apresentar uma saída para tal dualidade, este artigo serve de aporte teórico para novas reflexões
Variaciones y continuidades: el uso de los recursos faunísticos en asentamientos indígenas del siglo XX en el centro-oeste de Santa Cruz
Authors: Agnolin Agustín M.
Published: September 2019

En este trabajo se propone un abordaje a las estrategias de uso de los recursos por parte de grupos familiares de origen indígena que habitaron la meseta del Strobel (Santa Cruz) durante el siglo XX. Dichos grupos se instalaron en la región evitando su incorporación a las reservas indígenas dispuestas por el Estado nacional. Como parte de la ocupación de este espacio, dichas unidades familiares implementaron diversas estrategias económicas, marcadas por el acomodamiento y reajuste ante el avance de la economía pastoril y la pérdida de tierras. Se concluye que las estrategias adoptadas se caracterizaron por su diversidad y exibilidad, combinando prácticas tradicionales con aquellas vinculadas al nuevo lugar que estos grupos adquirieron en la economía. A pesar de ello, la aparición de nuevas legislaciones y el progresivo arrinconamiento de los grupos locales llevaron al abandono de la meseta por parte de éstos.
Death seasonality determination from pinnipeds teeth: the Cueva del Negro site case (Argentine Patagonia)
Authors: Ambrústolo Pablo , Zubimendi Miguel A. , Crespo Enrique
Published: September 2019

In this article, we present the first results of the determination of season at death performed over eighteen South American sea lions (Otaria flavescens) teeth recovered at Cueva del Negro site (northern coast of the Santa Cruz Province, Patagonia, Argentina). Age and season of death was determined by growth-layer analysis on sea lion teeth. This analysis allowed us to suggest potential aboriginal hunting strategies regarding the capture of these pinnipeds. Our results indicate that sea lions were hunted between summer and early fall, more precisely between January and April. This would reflect a marked seasonality in relation to sea lion availability, which could be explained in terms of mobility and subsistence strategies of the human groups that inhabited the area. In this sense, our results are discussed taking into consideration paleodietary data and the existing archaeological studies.
Examination of repeatability of ultrasound scanning technique in young bulls
Authors: Harangi Sándor , Béri Béla , Czeglédi Levente
Published: September 2019

The author’s goal with the methodology examination was to determine repeatability of taking and evaluating ultrasound images. In the trial an operator person took two images about the ribeye area and rump fat thickness (P8) of every young bull, which were measured by the same person in four repetitions. Also, we had altogether eight images about the same part of the body. Images were collected using Falco 100 (Pie Medical) real-time ultrasonic scanner equipped with an ASP 3,5 MHz, 18 cm linear array transducer.
The effect of keeping technology on the microbiological status of raw milk
Authors: Peles Ferenc , Máthéné Szigeti Zsuzsa , Béri Béla , Szabó András
Published: September 2019

The importance of the quality of raw milk increased after Hungary had joined to the EU. On delivery of raw milk, the microbiological quality, especially total plate count of the milk is very important. Twenty-two farms (7 large, 4 medium-sized, and 11 small farms) were included in the study. We considered the different farm size, keeping- and milking circumstances during the selection of farms. The examined large farms use loose housing system (cubicle, deep litter) and milking parlour. Most of them use preand post-milking disinfection. In the medium-sized farms, loose,deep litter and tie-stall housing system, as well as milking parlour, pipeline milking and bucket milking occurred. All of them use preand post-milking disinfection. Small farms use tie-stall housing system, bucket milking and udder preparation by water. Unfortunately, they do not use pre- or post-milking disinfection. In the large and medium-sized farms mainly Holstein Friesian, in the small farms Hungarian Simmental breeds can be found.The aim of our research was to examine the microbiological status of the raw milk produced in dairy farms (total plate count, coliform count, Escherichia coli count, Staphylococcus aureus count, psychrotroph bacteria count, furthermore yeast and mold count); sources of the contamination; connection between the microbiological quality of produced milk and housing-, milking technologies of farms; furthermore the hygienic circumstances of milking and milk handling of the farms, by the examination of coliform bacteria and Escherichia coli contamination.During the examination of the connection between the different farm sizes, various housing- and milking forms and the microbiological characteristics we observed similar tendencies in the case of total plate count, coliform count, yeast and molds count, furthermore psychrotroph bacteria count. The value of  these parameters was significantly higher in small farms, and infarms which use tie-stall housing forms, bucket milking, udder preparation with water, and which do not use pre- and post-milking disinfection.The results showed that besides cooling, the milking procedure and the type of udder preparation had the largest effect on the total plate count. Statistical analysis shows that in medium and small farms the combination of pipeline milking – tie stall housing system – disinfectant preparation of the udder; in large farms the combination of milking parlour – loose cubicle housing system – dry preparation of the udder are the most appropriate in the aspect of the total plate count. We experienced that in farms where the hygienic instructions are not followed – and thereforeequipment used during the milking and handling of milk is very contaminated – or rather the separation of mastitic cows’ milk is not appropriate, different microorganisms may contaminate the produced milk.
Analysis of show-jumping results with different measure variables
Authors: Posta János , Mihók Sándor , Komlósi István
Published: September 2019

The aim of this paper is to estimate heritabilities and to  compare different fitted models for Hungarian Sporthorse showjumping results. Our analysis is based on the show-jumping results between 1996 and 2004. The repeatability animal model for the evaluation of the test results included the fixed effects of gender, breeder, rider, age, year of competition, type of competition, height of fence and number of starters. Variance and covariance components were estimated with VCE-5 software package. Fitting of the models were evaluated with log-likelihood values and Akaike’s information criterion (AIC). Heritability was low in all cases.The lowest goodness-of-fit model was height of fence-error score and the best-fitting genetic model based on AIC was model using cotangent transformation.
Use of extensigraph in the examination of wheat flours
Authors: Boros Norbert , Borbélyné Varga Mária , Győri Zoltán
Published: September 2019

The extensograph is widely used in quality control and research laboratories studying wheat flour quality. The most commonly used measurements include Rm, the maximum resistance (maximum height of the curve); R5 the resistance at a constant extension of 5 cm; E, extensibility (total curve length); Rm/E, the ratio of maximum resistance to extension; and A, the area under curve. The extensograph has proved useful in the classification and assessment of flours on the physical dough properties. Another important application is its use in wheat breeding programs. Furthermore, extensograph is an excellent tool to study the effects of a wide range of ingredients on dough properties of wheat flour (like oxidants, enzymes, salt and additives), and it can also be used measure the changes during the frozen storage. In the present study we provide a review of the scientific literature concerning the possible applications of the extensograph.