bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Efecto del Programa de Pausas Activas y Reducción del Estrés Laboral en el Personal Médico
Authors: Morales Areli Damián , Román Uc Héctor Javier , Fernández Martínez Sergio Carlos , Robledo González Mónica , Palma Jiménez Imelda
Published: January 2025

Introducción: El estrés laboral es una reacción emocional a nivel mundial que está causando efectos negativos como son problemas físicos, mentales y afectando en el entorno laboral y personal. México ocupando el primer lugar de estrés en el trabajo representa un 75%, 7 de cada 10 mexicanos presentan estrés laboral. Se crearon las pausas para la salud que consisten en actividades físicas que se realizan durante el horario de trabajo, en un tiempo no mayor a 15 minutos. Ayudan a reducir el estrés y mejorar el desempeño laboral. Por ello la importancia de evaluar el beneficio del programa de pausas para la salud y reducción del estrés. Aún no se ha evaluado el beneficio del programa en el personal de salud.
Objetivo: Evaluar cuál es el efecto del programa de pausas activas y disminución del estrés laboral al personal médico. Material y métodos: Se realizó un estudio de tipo analítico, longitudinal, cuasiexperimental, prospectivo y unicéntrico. Con los siguientes criterios de inclusión: Personal de salud (PS) que estén adscritos a la UMF 22, que aceptaron participar en este proyecto y personal de ambos sexos. Se incluyeron a enfermeras, médicos residentes, personal de base. Los criterios de eliminación fueron los que decidieron abandonar el proyecto que se encontraban de incapacidad, vacaciones y permiso. Previa firma de consentimiento informados se realizó una intervención de 4 secciones de 20 min una vez por semana al PS, a los cuales se les aplicó un pre y post evaluación utilizando el instrumento Test de Estrés Laboral, Adaptado del Cuestionario de Problemas Psicomáticos. Se excluyeron a PS que estén en tratamiento con psicología y/o psiquiatría, lesiones musculoesqueléticas, personal que tengan cambio de adscripción. Se calculó el tamaño de muestra usando la fórmula de diferencia de medias con lo que se requería 50 participantes. Debido a las características no paramétricas de las muestras seleccionadas se uso aprueba de Wilcoxon para el análisis del antes y después de la intervención. Se consideró a un p<0.05 como estadísticamente significativa. Para el análisis estadístico se utilizó el programa de Jamovi V 2.5.4.0. Registro del SIRELCIS: R-2022-2104-006 Resultados: El 60% de los sujetos de estudio fueron mujeres, la edad media fue de 34 años ± 9, el 58% solteros con grado de estudios de licenciatura un 61 % y posgrado un 24%, categoría que presentó mayor estrés fue residentes en un 32%, médico familiar 27%, siendo el 64% del turno matutino, con una antigüedad de 1 a 5 años en un 57%. La mediana del test antes fue de 24.5 (RIC 20.5) y posterior a la maniobra la mediana de 19 (RIC 22), con una p< 0.05.
Conclusión: La intervención del programa de pausas para la salud reduce el estrés en el area de trabajo al personal médico de forma independiente al grado escolar o la categoría.
Percepción de cambios alimentarios por aislamiento durante la cuarentena por SARS-CoV-2 (COVID-19)
Authors: García Bolaina Reymundo , Pecero Rodriguez Josué Baldemar , Camacho Martínez Jasmin Urania , González Angulo Pedro , Frías Méndez Miguel
Published: January 2025

Este estudio tiene como objetivo explorar las percepciones de un grupo de habitantes de Tabasco sobre las alteraciones en su consumo de alimentos durante el confinamiento por COVID-19. Se utilizó una metodología cualitativa exploratoria, implementando un muestreo por bola de nieve para reclutar a 10 participantes, quienes fueron entrevistados mediante un formato semiestructurado. Las entrevistas fueron transcritas y analizadas a través de una matriz de categorías para identificar temas emergentes. Los hallazgos indican que la pandemia impactó significativamente los hábitos alimentarios, con un aumento en el consumo de alimentos poco saludables y cambios en los patrones de compra y preparación de comidas. Además, se reportaron alteraciones físicas en la salud, como sobrepeso y riesgo de trastornos alimentarios. Estos resultados resaltan la necesidad de considerar el contexto local al desarrollar intervenciones nutricionales y políticas públicas para promover hábitos alimentarios saludables en situaciones de crisis.
Rol Familiar en el Acompañamiento de las Tareas Escolares en Estudiantes con Discapacidad Intelectual Leve
Authors: Buele Espinosa Ximena Marisol , Guamán Armijos Jesenia Andrea
Published: January 2025

Dentro del presente trabajo se analiza el rol que juega la familia en el acompañamiento de las tareas escolares en estudiantes con discapacidad intelectual leve, las principales actividades que caracterizan dicho acompañamiento y la correlación que existe entre las dos variables. En relación a la metodología se ha optado por un enfoque de investigación mixto, el cual permite obtener y sintetizar datos de carácter cuantitativo y cualitativo, obtenidos a través de la aplicación de encuestas aplicadas a los padres de familia y de una entrevista realizada al docente.
Entre los principales hallazgos se constató que los padres de familia acompañan a sus representados en actividades únicamente para fomentar las relaciones sociales, la responsabilidad y el mejoramiento de la vocalización por no necesitar apoyos adicionales, exceptuando las demás actividades que son de carácter más técnico: identificación de problemas sensoriales, uso de pictogramas o lenguaje de señas como un lenguaje complementario, uso de tarjetas de vocabulario y asociación de imágenes. Además, se encontró correlación entre las variables de estudio, porque la implicación activa de la familia fortalece la autoestima, la motivación de los estudiantes y garantiza un entorno más inclusivo y enriquecedor.
La Diversidad Cultural en el Proceso de Aprendizaje de los Estudiantes del Cantón Saraguro
Authors: Tene Guayllas Maira Jhoana , Alvarez Román Lídice Lorena
Published: January 2025

El tratamiento de la diversidad cultural en la educación ecuatoriana es una problemática que resalta la necesidad de una educación inclusiva e intercultural capaz de promover un aprendizaje significativo y equitativo para todos los estudiantes. El objetivo de la investigación es precisamente, analizar la influencia de la diversidad cultural en el proceso de aprendizaje de los estudiantes de educación básica del Centro Educativo Comunitario Intercultural Bilingüe “Lago de San Pablo” de la comunidad de Tuncarta del cantón Saraguro. Metodológicamente la investigación se basó en un diseño cualitativo, que explora la perspectiva de los participantes en su ambiente natural y en relación con el contexto. Los resultados de la entrevista a los docentes y de la ficha de observación a los estudiantes, apuntan hacia un trabajo más consciente, organizado y sistemático con el idioma ancestral, cultura y tradiciones. A pesar de los logros persisten dificultades con el acceso a recursos y materiales bilingües, la capacitación de los docentes, la integración de la comunidad en el proceso educativo y el poco tiempo para realizar adaptaciones al currículo. Respecto a las teorías de aprendizaje utilizadas por el profesorado, sobresalen la teoría del aprendizaje situado y del aprendizaje multimedia enfocadas en el modelo constructivista del aprendizaje.
Diagnóstico de violencia contra la mujer indígena en el Municipio de Xochiatipan Hidalgo
Authors: Arguelles Azuara Isaura , Arguelles Azuara Ruperta , Ramírez Hernández Catalina , Pérez Ramírez Laura Ethel
Published: January 2025

En la Municipio de Xochiatipan Hidalgo, se han detectado prácticas de violencia física, psicológica, sexual, patrimonial y/o económica en mujeres de diferentes edades. El tema de violencia hacia las mujeres no es fácil, sobre todo si ésta se ejerce en contra de las mujeres indígenas, en virtud de que el estilo de vida, las costumbres, tradiciones y el desconocimiento a los derechos humanos, hacen que en su organización familiar se desarrollen prácticas de violencia y que estas conductas actualmente sean reconocidas dentro de la normalidad en los roles de la familia de las mujeres indígenas en el Municipio en mención. El presente trabajo de investigación pretende dar a conocer los factores asociados de violencia en la vida de las mujeres indígenas en el Municipio de Xochiatipan Hidalgo, para que a partir de las distintas aportaciones que se realicen en esta temática se logre la prevención de violencia contra este grupo vulnerable, el presente estudio ha sido desarrollado en colaboración con la casa de la Mujer Indígena, El Instituto Nacional para los Pueblos Indígenas con sede en la Ciudad de Huejutla de Reyes, Hidalgo, donde se encontraron diversos hallazgos de violencia cometidos en contra de la Mujer Indígena en el Municipio de Xochiatipan Hidalgo.
Efecto de una Intervención Educativa en Participantes con Diabetes Mellitus Tipo 2 en el Uso de Insulinas en la UMF 71
Authors: Lazalde Calderón Lorena , Zuñiga García Ana Karen , Martínez Méndez Luis Eduardo
Published: January 2025

Introducción. Más de 1 de cada 10 personas en el mundo padece Diabetes Mellitus (DM). Aunado a esto, se ha notado un aumento alarmante en la mortalidad por diabetes. Los análogos de insulina son una terapia clave en esta enfermedad, sin embargo, muchos pacientes carecen de información sobre su manejo adecuado, lo que dificulta el cumplimiento del tratamiento y aumenta el riesgo de complicaciones. Objetivo. Evaluar el efecto de una intervención educativa en participantes con diagnóstico de diabetes mellitus tipo 2 (DM2) en el uso de insulinas en la Unidad de Medicina Familiar No. 71. Material y Métodos: Se realizó un estudio cuasi experimental, no ciego, longitudinal y prospectivo, en 34 participantes diagnosticados con DM2 en tratamiento con insulina en la Unidad de Medicina Familiar No. 71, Nuevo León, México. La intervención consistió en una sesión educativa de 40 minutos sobre insulina, cuidados y almacenamiento, así como su correcta aplicación. Se aplicaron cuestionarios de 20 ítems antes y después de la intervención para evaluar el conocimiento adquirido. Resultados: El promedio de los resultados antes de la intervención fue de 70.29 (DE 14.45) y posteriormente fue de 94.26 (DE 5.92). La prueba de Wilcoxon arrojó un valor de 0.000, indicando significancia estadística. Conclusiones: La intervención educativa demostró ser efectiva en el incremento del conocimiento sobre el manejo de insulina. Se encontró una mejoría significativamente en el conocimiento del manejo adecuado de la insulina, en las personas con diagnóstico de DM2 con insulinoterapia después de una intervención educativa.
Insights on the prevalence of phyllo-epiphytic and endophytic pathogens on leafy vegetables from farms and retails in South Africa: A review
Authors:   Department of Life Science, Central University of Technology, Free State, Private Bag X20539, Bloemfontein 9301, South Africa, Mohapi D.A. , Nkhebenyane S.J. ,   Department of Life Science, Central University of Technology, Free State, Private Bag X20539, Bloemfontein 9301, South Africa, Thekisoe O. ,   Unit for Environmental Sciences and Management, North-West University, Private Bag X6001, Potchefstroom 2520, South Africa, Khetsha Z.P. ,   Department of Agriculture, Central University of Technology, Free State, Private Bag X20539, Bloemfontein, South Africa.
Published: January 2025

Leafy vegetables are a highly variable group of perishable food that broadly can be defined as vegetables grown for their edible leaves. This study was conducted to investigate the safety of commodities grown at farms and those sold in various retails globally, cascading to South Africa, and to determine the identification and characterization of the microbiota. Therefore, the authors conducted a desktop and literature review using popular trusted search engines with special keywords. For this study, the authors-maintained research material from 2010-2024, constituting research articles, reviews, book chapters, thesis, research short communications, and industrial short communications. From this study, it could be deduced that leafy green commodities differ from intact vegetables with regard to their physiology, handling, processing, and storage. In addition, various agronomic activities were identified as contributing to the contamination of leafy greens at various stages of minimal processing, including distribution. More studies have shown that various types of microorganisms are found in leafy vegetables purchased at small-scale farms and retail stores. Concerning that, characterise those that are pathogenic to human health and those that are beneficial and how to treat through antibiotics the diseases caused by those that are pathogenic to our health. Furthermore, the findings of this study revealed that some opportunistic pathogen communities in fresh leafy vegetables are diverse and can pose a health risk to consumers, leading to death. Finally, food safety and security remain a global challenge, and stunting continues to affect the majority of developing countries. Thus, future studies should focus on improving food safety management systems reducing food poisoning, recall incidents and outbreaks by controlling critical points and food security in primary horticulture production environments even at retail and determining which antimicrobials will inhibit the growth of specific bacteria causing a certain infection.
Comparative effect of different potting substrates on vegetative and floral attributes of marigold under mid hills conditions of Himachal Pradesh, India
Authors:   Dr. Y.S. Parmar University of Horticulture and Forestry, Nauni, Solan, Himachal Pradesh, India., Devi S. , Dilta B.S. ,   Dr. Y.S. Parmar University of Horticulture and Forestry, Nauni, Solan, Himachal Pradesh, India., Kumar P. , Kaushal S. ,   Dr. Y.S. Parmar University of Horticulture and Forestry, Nauni, Solan, Himachal Pradesh, India., Pathania S. ,   Dr. Y.S. Parmar University of Horticulture and Forestry, Nauni, Solan, Himachal Pradesh, India., Kumar A. ,   Dr. Y.S. Parmar University of Horticulture and Forestry, Nauni, Solan, Himachal Pradesh, India.
Published: January 2025

The influence of various potting substrates on the vegetative and floral attributes of three marigold cultivars (‘Pusa Bahar’, ‘Pusa Deep’, and ‘Seracole’) was investigated in the mid-hills of Himachal Pradesh. Eight different substrates were utilized, including soil+FYM (1:1, v/v), soil+FYM (2:1, v/v), soil+sand+FYM (1:1:1, v/v), sand+soil+FYM (2:1:1, v/v), spent mushroom compost (SMC), smc+soil+sand+FYM (1:1:1:1, v/v), leaf mould and leaf mould+soil+FYM (1:1:1, v/v). Among the different potting substrates, the substrate composed of leaf mould+soil+FYM (1:1:1, v/v) exhibited superior performance, resulting in maximum plant height (50.52 cm), plant spread (34.70 cm), number of shoots (11.74), number of flower heads open at a time (12.49), largest flower head diameter (5.60 cm), total number of flowers per plant (18.37), pot presentability score (80.60), available NPK (659.16 kg ha-1, 23.87 kg ha-1 and 335.61 kg ha-1, respectively) and OC (44.61 g kg-1). Regarding cultivar variation, ‘Pusa Deep’ demonstrated significant attributes with the maximum plant spread (36.24 cm), number of flower heads open at a time (15.75), total number of flowers per plant (24.57) and pot presentability score (79.40). However, ‘Seracole’ exhibited the highest number of shoots (12.02), largest flower head size (5.81 cm), maximum available NPK (505.26 kg ha-1, 18.15 kg ha-1 and 43.25 kg ha-1, respectively) and OC (43.25 g kg-1). This study suggests that a potting medium containing Leaf Mould+Soil+FYM (1:1:1, v/v) coupled with the ‘Pusa Deep’ cultivar is optimal for producing high-quality potted marigold plants. These findings offer practical insights for improving marigold cultivation practices by selecting optimal potting substrates along with the cultivar in similar agro-climatic regions, potentially enhancing flowering, marketability and economic returns for farmers.
First report of invasive thrips, Thrips parvispinus (Karny) (Thysanoptera: Thripidae) in Brinjal (Solanum melongena L.) from Gujarat, India
Authors:   Department of Entomology, B.A. College of Agriculture, Anand Agricultural University, Anand – 388 110., Italiya1 J.V. , Dodiya R.D. ,   Department of Entomology, C. P. College of Agriculture, Sardarkrushinagar Dantiwada Agricultural University, Sardarkrushinagar – 385 506., Bhuva K.J. ,   Department of Entomology, N.M. College of Agriculture, Navsari Agricultural University, Navsari – 396 450.
Published: January 2025

The current investigation focused on assessing the prevalence of thrips infestation on vegetables in the southern region of Gujarat. The study recorded the presence of Thrips parvispinus (Karny) specifically in brinjal fields during the survey conducted in 2022–23. T. parvispinus infestation was observed on both flowers and fruits of the brinjal plants. The impact of this infestation was evident as infested flowers were observed to drop prematurely, and lesions were observed on the rinds of the fruits. This discovery of T. parvispinus (Karny) infesting brinjal marks the first documented occurrence of this novel invasive thrips species affecting brinjal cultivation in Gujarat, India. This finding highlights the need for further research and management strategies to address the threat posed by this invasive pest to brinjal crops.
Effect of zinc fertilization on productivity and zinc uptake in chilli-finger millet-amaranthus system
Authors:   ICAR-Indian Institute of Horticultural Research, Hesaraghatta Lake Post, Bengaluru - 560 089, Karnataka, India., Rajendiran S. , Raghupathi H.B. ,   ICAR-Indian Institute of Horticultural Research, Hesaraghatta Lake Post, Bengaluru - 560 089, Karnataka, India., Ramachandran S. ,   ICAR-Indian Institute of Horticultural Research, Hesaraghatta Lake Post, Bengaluru - 560 089, Karnataka, India., Raghu B.R. ,   ICAR-Indian Institute of Horticultural Research, Hesaraghatta Lake Post, Bengaluru - 560 089, Karnataka, India., Venugopalan R. ,   ICAR-Indian Institute of Horticultural Research, Hesaraghatta Lake Post, Bengaluru - 560 089, Karnataka, India.
Published: January 2025

Crops' response to zinc application may vary under different management systems. The objective of the current investigation was to study the effect of different levels of Zn fertilization on direct and residual availability of zinc in soil, crop yield and uptake of zinc in the chilli-finger millet-amaranthus system on an Alfisol. Field experiments were conducted during 2019-2020 in low zinc soil (0.88 mg kg-1) and treatments were as a one-time application of 5, 10, 15 and 20 kg Zn ha-1 through ZnSO4.7H2O as basal dose only for chilli; foliar application of 0.5% ZnSO4.7H2O (two times for each crop) and control (no Zn fertilization). Extractable Zn content of soil improved from 0.88 to 2.10 mg kg-1 by basal application of Zn. It also enhanced Zn concentration in crop produce resulting in higher Zn uptake. The direct effect of Zn fertilization significantly improved chilli yield in all the treatments over the control, however, the significant residual effect of yield enhancement in finger millet and amaranthus was recorded by basal application of Zn from 10 kg ha-1 onwards. By increasing the Zn doses from 10 kg to 20 kg per ha, no further significant improvement in yield was noticed with corresponding soil DTPA-Zn of more than 1.5 mg kg-1. From the results, it is obvious that onetime zinc fertilization of 10 kg ha-1 y-1 through soil could be the best option to correct Zn deficiency and improve the productivity of vegetable-based systems. If DTPA-Zn content of soil reaches 1.5 mg kg-1 and above, subsequent Zn application can be avoided.
Influence of eucalyptus oil, humic acid and chemical preservative solutions on vase life and physiological characteristics of calla (Zantedeschia aethiopica R.) cut flowers
Authors:   Ornamental Horticulture Department, Faculty of Agriculture, Cairo University., Arafa Azza M.S. , Darwish M.A. ,   Ornamental Horticulture Department, Faculty of Agriculture, Cairo University., Khenizy S.A.M. ,   Ornamental Plants and Landscape Gardening Research, Horticultural Research Institute, Agricultural Research Center, Giza, Egypt., Ahmed Ghada D. ,   Ornamental Plants and Landscape Gardening Research, Horticultural Research Institute, Agricultural Research Center, Giza, Egypt.
Published: January 2025

The calla lily cut flower (Zantedeschia aethiopica cv. ‘Romance’), with a white spathe, is a significant ornamental flower. There is a growing interest in developing cost-effective and eco-friendly preservative solutions to extend vase life. The Ornamental Plants and Landscape Gardening Research Department, Horticulture Research Institute, Giza, Egypt, conducted this study in the postharvest laboratory during the 2020 and 2021 to examine the effects of various holding solutions, both individually and in combination, including distilled water (DW) as a control, eucalyptus oil (EO) at concentrations of 1 and 2 mL/L, humic acid (HA) at 25 and 50 mL/L, sucrose (Suc) at 20 g/L, 8-hydroxyquinoline citrate (HQ) at 0.2 g/L, citric acid (CA) at 0.2 g/L, and gibberellic acid (GA3) at 0.05 g/L. The results showed that all holding solutions significantly improved the measured characteristics compared to distilled water. It’s worth mentioning that putting cut flowers in a solution with humic acid at 25 mL/L, either alone or with sucrose at 20 g/L and citric acid at 0.2 g/L, made the flowers last longer, look better, and have higher flower fresh weight (IFFW%), relative fresh weight (RFW%), water uptake rate (mL), and total carbohydrate content (%). During both seasons, humic acid (50 or 25 mL/L) as a single treatment yielded the highest phenol content followed by eucalyptus oil (2 mL/L).
Factors affecting the production of apricot (Prunus armeniaca L.) in Ladakh UT of India
Authors:   Institute of Liberal Arts, Amity University Mumbai., Bhat Arshad , Kolhe Durgeshwary ,   Institute of Behavioural and Allied Sciences, Amity University, Mumbai., Sultan Abid ,   School of Agricultural Economics and Hort-Business Management, Sher-e-Kashmir University of Agricultural Sciences and Technology of Kashmir, Shalimar, Malik H.A. ,   KVK, Bandipora., Equabal Md Sarafraz ,   Depatrment of Economics, University of Kashmir, Srinagar, Sher-e-Kashmir University of Agricultural Sciences and Technology of Kashmir, Shalimar., Latief M. ,   Department of Commerce and Management, Gandhi Memorial College, Srinagar, Rashid Parvaiz ,   Department of Commerce and Management, Gandhi Memorial College, Srinagar, Qureshi Iqra ,   Central Institute of Temperate Horticulture, Rangreth, Srinagar, India.
Published: January 2025

The goal of the current study was to identify the factors influencing apricot production in India’s Ladakh region. Data was collected from 200 respondents in the Ladakh region using a pre-tested interview schedule. The data was analyzed using multiple regression modeling, along with frequency and percentage calculations, to derive the results. A significant portion of apricot growers (27.5%) were obtaining 50–60 kg of yield per tree, while the majority (60.5%) farmed apricots on just one kanal of land. Additionally, 56% of apricot growers applied farmyard manure (FYM), and 45.5% of growers used chemical fertilizers. Furthermore, reports of aphids and scale on the apricot crop accounted for over 77% and 94.5% of the cases, respectively. In addition, apricot growers reported brown rot and scab in over 88% and 94.5% of cases, respectively. In terms of dormant practices, 89% of the respondents were hoeing, while 68.5% applied Horticultural mineral oils (HMO) and 74.5% Bordeaux mixture. The results of the regression analysis showed that brown rot was found to be inversely but significantly related to apricot production, while the application of chemical fertilizers, FYM, HMO, and Bordeaux mixture was found to be positively and significantly related to apricot production. The study suggests paying extra attention to enhancing stone fruit production by establishing more connections with research and agricultural extension centers and organizations. By implementing intercropping, appropriate land division, and allocation for cash crops such as vegetables, stone fruits, and grains, farms can provide access to microcredit at the microlevel.
Effect of calcium chloride postharvest treatment in combination with Aloe vera gel on fruit quality and storability of spine gourd (Momordica dioica Roxb.) fruits under refrigeration condition
Authors:   College of Agriculture, Sumerpur-Pali (Rajasthan) 306 902, India., Bhardwaj R.L. , Choudhary K. ,   College of Agriculture, Sumerpur-Pali (Rajasthan) 306 902, India., Hingoniya Kiran ,   College of Agriculture, Sumerpur-Pali (Rajasthan) 306 902, India., . Priyanka ,   College of Agriculture, Sumerpur-Pali (Rajasthan) 306 902, India., Sharma Anita ,   College of Agriculture, Sumerpur-Pali (Rajasthan) 306 902, India., Meena Jaydeep ,   College of Agriculture, Sumerpur-Pali (Rajasthan) 306 902, India.
Published: January 2025

An experiment was accomplished to examine the coating effect of calcium chloride (CaCl2) and Aloe vera gel on postharvest shelf life and physico-chemical quality of highly perishable spine gourd (Momordica dioica Roxb.) fruits. Nine possible combinations of three levels of calcium chloride (10, 20, and 30%) and Aloe vera gel (10, 20, and 30%) were used for fruit coating in three replications. Fresh spine gourd fruits, which were treated with 30 percent of CaCl2 and A. vera gel, showed significant (P<0.05) lower values of physiological loss in weight, fruit decay percent, colour development of fruits and total soluble solids. Conversely, fruit firmness, titratable acidity, organoleptic score, shelf-life duration and marketability were retained on the higher side in the same treatment. The marketability of the spine gourd fruits treated with CaCl2 and A. vera gel at 30 percent was higher (85.63%) than those treated with the lower concentration and control. Therefore, observations suggested that by applying CaCl2 and Aloe vera gel at 30 percent, the shelf-life of spine gourd fruit can be achieved up to 20 days with notable retention of the physico-chemical quality of fruits.
Domestication of Pleurotus sajor-caju, P. ostreatus and Laetiporus sulphureus from the Abongfen gallery forest of Kedjom-Keku, Northwest Region of Cameroon
Authors:   Department of Plant Sciences, Faculty of Science, the University of Bamenda, P.O. Box 39, Bambili, Northwest Region, Cameroon., Veyeh Ngwang Mercy , Katamssadan Tofel Haman ,   Department of Zoology, Faculty of Science, the University of Bamenda, P.O. Box 39, Bambili, Northwest Region, Cameroon., Kinge Tonjock Rosemary ,   Higher Institute of Agriculture, Wood, Water Resources and Environment (ISABEE), the University of Bertoua, P.O. Box 60 Belabo, East Region Cameroon.
Published: January 2025

This study aimed to conserve the rich biodiversity of wild mushrooms in Abongfen Forest by domesticating selected species for year-round availability and protection from extinction. Six mushrooms collected (Laetiporus sulphureus, Phellinus sp, Inonotus obliquus, Pleurotus sajor-caju, Stereum sp. and Pleurotus ostreatus) were cultured in Potato Dextrose Agar (PDA) to obtain pure cultures and mother spawn which was subsequently domesticated. Each mushroom species was cultivated in a completely randomized design with four treatments: sawdust (50%) mixed with maize cobs (50%), palm cones (100%), sawdust (100%) and beans straw (100%), all supplemented with rice brand (10%) and quick lime in eight replicates. Maize cobs were ground in an electric mill while palm cones and bean straws were reduced with a sharp knife to smaller sizes (1-3cm long) and soaked overnight in tap water. Excess water was drained using a sieve to 65% moisture content. Each portion was well mixed on a clean, cemented floor using a clean spade. 2.0 kg of each composition was filled into 25 x 15 cm polypropylene bags and sterilized in a drum for 4 hours. After cooling, each bag was inoculated with three table spoonsful of spawn, incubated at room temperature 25±2 oC and the spawn run was observed until fully colonized. The days of colonization, primordial initiation and harvesting were noted. The fruit bodies on each bag were counted and weighed (g) after harvesting to determine the yield. Pleurotus sajor-caju, Pleurotus ostreatus and Laetiporus sulphureus colonized the substrate, but only Pleurotus grew and produced fruit bodies. Mycelial colonization was higher on beans straw (31.60 ± 2.46 days). The mean diameter of pileus (24.70±0.94 cm) and, average number of fruiting bodies (4.5±1.2) and weight of fruit bodies (95.20 ± 2.58 g) were best on maize cobs mixed with sawdust. Wild edible mushrooms need to be domesticated to ensure their availability for food and medicine and to provide a source of income.
Effect of water regimes, plot configuration and mulching on growth and economics of onion (Allium cepa L.)
Authors:   Department of Horticulture, Agriculture University, Jodhpur-342304, Rajasthan, India., Jat Asha , Moond S.K ,   Department of Horticulture, Agriculture University, Jodhpur-342304, Rajasthan, India., Chodhary Santosh ,   Department of Horticulture, Agriculture University, Jodhpur-342304, Rajasthan, India., Kumhar S.R. ,   Department of Genetics and Plant Breeding, Agriculture University, Jodhpur-342304, Rajasthan., Kherwa Radheyshyam ,   Department of Horticulture, Agriculture University, Jodhpur-342304, Rajasthan, India.
Published: January 2025

The experiment was carried out during rabi season 2020-21 and 2021-22 at the Instructional farm, Department of Horticulture, AU, Jodhpur to study the effect of water regimes, plot configuration and mulching on growth and economics of onion (Allium cepa L.). The experiment was laid out in Split-Split Plot Design with three replications. Three factors were studied in this experiment: Main factor A), water regimes included three levels (I1- 1.0 IW/CPE, I2- 0.8 IW/CPE and I3- 0.6 IW/CPE ratio) and two sub-factors A) land configuration include two levels (B1- Flat bed configuration and B2- Raised bed configuration), and B) Mulching include four levels (M1- No-mulch, M2- Black mulch, M3- Silver-black mulch and M4- White-black mulch). The results showed that the maximum number of leaves per plant, neck diameter, bolting percent, net returns and B:C ratio were recorded under 1.0 IW/CPE, raised bed configuration and black mulch. The earliest maturity was recorded under 0.6 IW/CPE, flat bed configuration and no mulch.
Utilizing fan cooling to reduce leaf temperatures in Ginseng cultivation
Authors:   Department of Computer Education, Andong National University, Gyungbook, South Korea. Punggi Ginseng Research Institute, Gyungbook, South Korea., Kim Byungsoon , Jang Myung Hwan ,   Department of Computer Education, Andong National University, Gyungbook, South Korea. Punggi Ginseng Research Institute, Gyungbook, South Korea., Ra Ilkyeun ,   Department of Computer Science and Engineering, University of Colorado Denver, Colorado, United States.
Published: January 2025

Due to climate change, there have been more frequent heat waves and a notable rise in global temperature. This change hinders ginseng’s cultivation, a crop that grows well in cooler and shaded environments. This study evaluated the effectiveness of air-circulation fans in alleviating heat stress and lowering the leaf temperatures when cultivating ginseng. The experiment defined two groups of environments i.e., control and an experimental group. The experimental environment monitored the impact of fan activation, which occurred when the temperature exceeded 30°C. The control, however, does not consist of fans. We monitored three sets of data: ambient, leaf temperatures, and humidity levels, using a custom data acquisition system. The experimental results indicated that the leaf temperature decreased more markedly than the relative temperature decline, attributed to a minor increase in relative humidity induced by the flow fan. The experiment results presented a more significant decrease in leaf temperature with an average of 0.65 °C among the experimental group compared to the control group due to an increase in relative humidity. Through the Mann-Whitney U test, we confirmed a meaningful difference in the temperature and humidity distribution between the experimental and control groups when fans were activated. Such results indicate that air-circulation fans can be an effective temperature mitigation instrument for relieving heat stress in farming ginseng. The research enhances ginseng farming conditions by mitigating the risk of rising temperatures and further contributes to sustainable agriculture.
Transmission efficiency of Fusarium oxysporum f.sp. cepae in bulbs of shallot (Allium cepa L. group aggregatum)
Authors:   Departement of Plant Protection, Faculty of Agriculture, IPB University, Jl. Kamper Babakan Dramaga, Bogor 16680, West Java, Indonesia., Hanif Andini , Wiyono Suryo ,   Departement of Plant Protection, Faculty of Agriculture, IPB University, Jl. Kamper Babakan Dramaga, Bogor 16680, West Java, Indonesia., Munif Abdul ,   Departement of Plant Protection, Faculty of Agriculture, IPB University, Jl. Kamper Babakan Dramaga, Bogor 16680, West Java, Indonesia., Hidayat Sri Hendrastuti ,   Departement of Plant Protection, Faculty of Agriculture, IPB University, Jl. Kamper Babakan Dramaga, Bogor 16680, West Java, Indonesia.
Published: January 2025

Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. cepae (Foc) in bulb is a source of inoculum for Fusarium basal rot disease of shallot. This research aimed to determine the transmission efficiency of Foc carried by bulb of shallot to plants and the relationship between shallot variety and soil origin with the efficiency of pathogen transmission. This research used two varieties of shallots ‘Batu Ijo’ and ‘Bima’, with six different seed lots. The bulbs of shallot were tested for seed health using the blotter test and growing on test methods and tested for transmission efficiency on several sources of soil. The results showed a correlation between the infection of Foc in the bulbs of shallot and the incidence of basal rot on shallot plants. The results also showed a relationship between plant varieties and soil properties on the efficiency of Foc transmission to shallot bulbs. Shallot varieties that are resistant to Fusarium basal rot disease have lower transmission efficiency of Foc bulbs compared to susceptible varieties. In addition, based on the results of the study showed that soil with higher nitrogen content, clay content and soil microorganism populations in soil from Samosir were related to increased soil suppression against Fusarium basal rot disease so that it can reduce the efficiency of Foc transmission of shallot bulbs.
An efficient and reliable protocol on in vitro propagation of ‘Colt’ (Prunus avium F 299/2 x Prunus pseudocerasus Lind.) rootstock of cherry
Authors:   Division of Fruit Science, Faculty of Horticulture, Sher-e-Kashmir University of Agricultural Sciences & Technology of Kashmir, Shalimar, Srinagar-190025, India., Mir M.A. , Manzoor Ikra ,   Division of Fruit Science, Faculty of Horticulture, Sher-e-Kashmir University of Agricultural Sciences & Technology of Kashmir, Shalimar, Srinagar-190025, India., Kulsum Ume ,   Division of Agricultural Statistics, Faculty of Horticulture, Sher-e-Kashmir University of Agricultural Sciences & Technology of Kashmir, Shalimar, Srinagar-190025, India., Kaur Manpreet ,   Division of Botany, Punjab Agricultural University, Ludhiana-141027, India., Gulzar Bisma ,   Division of Fruit Science, Faculty of Horticulture, Sher-e-Kashmir University of Agricultural Sciences & Technology of Kashmir, Shalimar, Srinagar-190025, India., Manzoor Suhail ,   Division of Plant Pathology, Faculty of Horticulture, Sher-e-Kashmir University of Agricultural Sciences & Technology of Kashmir, Shalimar, Srinagar-190025, India.
Published: January 2025

The ‘Colt’ is a triploid hybrid of P. avium and P. pseudocerasus L. grown as a cherry rootstock because of its resistance to cherry stem pitting (a debilitating virus disease), Phytophthora root rot, bacterial canker and gopher damage. The current study was carried out using two types of explants: forced (F1) and unforced (F2) shoots tips. Five types of sterilants were used to sterilize explants: 10% sodium hypochlorite (NaOCl) for 10 minutes (S1), 0.1% mercuric chloride (HgCl2) for 5 minutes (S2), ethyl alcohol for 10 seconds (S3), (S1) + (S3) and (S2) + (S3). During culture establishment, six growth regulator regimes viz., BA (benzyl adenine) (0.20), (0.40) and (0.60) and BA+IBA (Indole-3-butyric acid) (0.20+0.01), (0.40+0.01), and (0.60+0.01) mg/L, two media i.e., MS (Murashige and Skoog, 1962) and WPM (Woody Plant Medium) were utilized. During shoot proliferation, MS & WPM culture medium with growth regulators viz., BA (0.20), (0.40) and (0.60), BA+IBA (0.20+0.01), (0.40+0.01) and (0.60+0.01) mg/L were used respectively. During rhizogenesis in different media (MS & WPM), various levels of IBA (0.50, 1.00, 1.50 and 2.00 mg/L) were used. The superior rooted plants were hardened in sand & cocopeat, respectively. In this experiment, maximum culture asepsis (%) obtained in unforced shoot tips(F2) with (S5), maximum explant survival (%) in forced shoot tips (F1) with (S4), and highest establishment (%) with MS medium, BA (0.6) mg/L & in forced shoot tips (F1). Significantly higher shoot proliferation is obtained with MS medium with BA (0.6) mg/L, maximum shoot number & length in WPM medium with BA (0.2) mg/L. A significantly higher rooting percentage was obtained in an MS medium with IBA (1.00) mg/L and maximum ex vitro survival (%) in cocopeat.
The antioxidant content and activity of lemongrass [Cymbopogon citratus (DC. ex Nees) Stapf] under the combination of drought stress and nano-silica treatments
Authors:   Biology Department, Science and Mathematics Faculty, Diponegoro University, Prof. Soedarto, SH. Street, Tembalang, Semarang, Central Java 50275, Indonesia, Junanto R.M. Yani Abikresna , Darmanti Sri ,   Biology Department, Science and Mathematics Faculty, Diponegoro University, Prof. Soedarto, SH. Street, Tembalang, Semarang, Central Java 50275, Indonesia, Nurchayati Yulita ,   Biology Department, Science and Mathematics Faculty, Diponegoro University, Prof. Soedarto, SH. Street, Tembalang, Semarang, Central Java 50275, Indonesia
Published: January 2025

The study aimed to determine the effect of a combination of drought stress and nano-silica treatments to increase the content of antioxidant compounds and antioxidant activity of lemongrass [Cymbopogon citratus (DC. ex Nees) Stapf] and determine the optimal combination. The research used a Completely Randomized Design (CRD) with two factors with 5 replications. The first factor was the level of drought stress (without drought stress, moderate, and severe). The second factor was the nano-silica dose, (0 mg/L, 125 mg/L, and 250 mg/L) with a volume of 10 mL per plant. The parameters measured were carotenoid content, proline content, total phenolics content, and antioxidant activity. Data were analyzed using Analysis of Variance (ANOVA) and Duncan’s Multiple Range Test (DMRT). The results showed that there is a specific combination of drought stress and nano-silica which can increase the content of carotenoids, proline, total phenolics, and antioxidant activity in lemongrass. The treatment of moderate and severe drought stress with 125 and 250 mg/L nano-silica increased the carotenoid and proline content maximally. Higher total phenol content and antioxidant activity were obtained from the combination of 250 mg/L nano-silica without drought stress. The highest chlorophyll content was recorded from the combination of severe drought stress and 250 mg/L nano-silica. Drought stress treatment with 250 mg/L nano-silica could increase the antioxidants of lemongrass plants, but maximum production of antioxidants required different combinations of drought stress and nano-silica treatments. Nano-silica treatment at a dose of 250 mg/L in conditions of sufficient water or lack of water can be an optimal combination treatment in lemongrass cultivation.
In Search of Extraterrestrial Artificial Intelligence Through Dyson Sphere–like Structures around Primordial Black Holes
Authors: Baghram Shant
Published: January 2025

Are we alone? It is a compelling question that human beings have confronted for centuries. The search for extraterrestrial life is a broad range of quests for finding simple forms of life up to intelligent beings in the Universe. The plausible assumption is that there is a chance that intelligent life will be followed by advanced civilization equipped or even dominated by artificial intelligence (AI). In this work, we categorize advanced civilizations (on an equal footing, an AI-dominated civilization) on the Kardashev scale. We propose a new scale known as the space exploration distance to measure civilization advancement. We propose a relation between this length and the Kardashev scale. Then, we suggest the idea that advanced civilizations will use primordial black holes (PBHs) as sources of harvesting energy. We calculate the energy harvested by calculating the space exploration distance. Finally, we propose an observational method to detect the possibility of extraterrestrial AI using Dyson sphere–like structures around PBHs in the Milky Way and other galaxies.
A Galactic-scale Magnetized Wind around a Normal Star-forming Galaxy
Authors: Matthews A. M. , Cotton W. D. , Peters W. M. , Marchetti L. , Jarrett T. H. , Condon J. J. , van der Hulst J. M. , Moloko M.
Published: January 2025

Galaxy formation theory identifies superwinds as a key regulator of star formation rates, galaxy growth, and chemical enrichment. Thermal and radiation pressure are known to drive galactic-scale winds in dusty starbursting galaxies (e.g., M82), but modern numerical simulations have recently highlighted that cosmic-ray (CR)–driven winds may be especially important in normal galaxies with modest star formation rate surface densities. However, CR-driven winds have yet to be conclusively observed—leaving significant uncertainty in their detailed microphysics. We present MeerKAT radio continuum and H i spectral-line observations of one such normal galaxy, NGC 1532; a nearby (D ~ 15 Mpc) and nearly edge-on (i ≳ 80°) spiral galaxy tidally interacting with its smaller elliptical companion, NGC 1531. We find magnetized, highly ordered radio-continuum loops extending  ~10 kpc above and below the disk, visibly connecting discrete star-forming regions in the disk to the center. The deep MeerKAT H i observations place an upper limit on the column density of neutral gas coincident with the outflow of N
H I ≲ 3 × 1019 cm−2. Unlike previously observed outflows—for which ejected gas and dust can be traced across multiple wavelengths—the loops in NGC 1532 show no detectable signs of dust or gas coincident with the radio emission far from the disk. We explore multiple possible mechanisms for driving this magnetic wind and favor an explanation where CR pressure plays a significant role in launching these outflows.
Earth-like Exoplanets in Spin–Orbit Resonances: Climate Dynamics, 3D Atmospheric Chemistry, and Observational Signatures
Authors: Braam Marrick , Palmer Paul I. , Decin Leen , Mayne Nathan J. , Manners James , Rugheimer Sarah
Published: January 2025

Terrestrial exoplanets around M- and K-type stars are important targets for atmospheric characterization. Such planets are likely tidally locked with the order of spin–orbit resonances (SORs) depending on eccentricity. We explore the impact of SORs on 3D atmospheric dynamics and chemistry, employing a 3D coupled climate-chemistry model to simulate Proxima Centauri b in 1:1 and 3:2 SORs. For a 1:1 SOR, Proxima Centauri b is in the Rhines rotator circulation regime with dominant zonal gradients (global mean surface temperature 229 K). An eccentric 3:2 SOR warms Proxima Centauri b to 262 K with gradients in the meridional direction. We show how a complex interplay between stellar radiation, orbit, atmospheric circulation, and (photo)chemistry determines the 3D ozone distribution. Spatial variations in ozone column densities align with the temperature distribution and are driven by stratospheric circulation mechanisms. Proxima Centauri b in a 3:2 SOR demonstrates additional atmospheric variability, including daytime–nighttime cycles in water vapor of +55% to −34% and ozone (±5.2%) column densities and periastron–apastron water vapor cycles of +17% to −10%. Synthetic emission spectra for the spectral range of the Large Interferometer For Exoplanets fluctuate by up to 36 ppm with the orbital phase angle for a 1:1 SOR due to 3D spatial and temporal asymmetries. The homogeneous atmosphere for the 3:2 SOR results in relatively constant emission spectra and provides an observational discriminant from the 1:1 SOR. Our work emphasizes the importance of understanding the 3D nature of exoplanet atmospheres and associated spectral variations to determine habitability and interpret atmospheric spectra.
A new species of Sinarella Bryk, 1949 (Lepidoptera, Erebidae, Herminiinae) from Jiangxi, China
Authors: Wu Jun , Liu Wen-Yu , Han Hui-Lin
Published: January 2025

Sinarella Bryk, 1949 (Erebidae, Herminiinae) is a medium-sized, frail-bodied genus of moths that externally resembles other genera in the Zanclognatha generic complex. All known larvae of this genus feed on fresh leaves of moss. This genus is widely distributed from the Himalayas to Southeast Asia, Japan, Borneo, Sulawesi and New Guinea.

A new species of the genus Sinarella Bryk, 1949, S. jinggangshana sp. nov., is described from Jinggangshan National Nature Reserve, Jiangxi Province, China. This species is morphologically similar to S. takasago Wu, Fu & Owada, 2013, S. cristulalis (Staudinger, 1892), S. formosensis Wu, Fu & Owada, 2013 and S. japonica (Butler, 1881), but differs in both external and male genitalia characters. Images of the male adults and their genitalia are provided.
New species and records of Phaeobotryon (Botryosphaeriales, Botryosphaeriaceae) from Larix in China
Authors: Zhu Yeting , Liang Yingmei , Peng Cheng
Published: January 2025

During the fungal investigations of Larix hosts in China, ten isolates of Phaeobotryon were obtained from dead and dying branches. Morphological characteristics and phylogenetic analyses of combined ITS, LSU, and tef1-α loci revealed the presence of two new species, P. laricinum and P. longiparaphysium, as well as two new host records for P. aplosporum and P. rhois from L. olgensis. In this study, we provide descriptions and illustrations of these species, thereby enriching the diversity within the Phaeobotryon taxa.
Polygala spatulata (sect. Pseudosemeiocardium, Polygalaceae), a new species from Guangxi, China
Authors: Nong You , Jiang Run-Hua , Hu Qi-Min , Qu Xin-Cheng , Gui Xu-Chuan , Wei Gui-Yuan , Lei Li-Qun
Published: January 2025

Polygala spatulata Y. Nong & Run Hua Jiang (sect. Pseudosemeiocardium, Polygalaceae), a new species from a karst cave in west Guangxi, China, is described and illustrated. This new species resembles Polygala isocarpa Chodat in its annual habit, terminal racemes, lamellate appendage, yellow flowers and glabrous seeds, but it can be easily distinguished by its sparsely white-pilose stem and leaf blades, spoon-shaped inner sepals, ovate outer sepals (ca. 1.5 mm) which is glandular and all persistent after anthesis, as well as its elliptic, reticulate seeds. Photographs, an illustration, a distribution map and a comparative table with the most similar species are also provided.