bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Quality of Municipal Solid Waste Compost from Mechanical Biological Treatment (MBT)
Authors: Lestianingrum Erna , Misnen
Published: May 2020

Fertilization for agriculture and plantation nutrition still dominated by chemical fertilizers. Organic fertilizers utilization for soils is believed has not had the same quality as existing fertilizer standards. On the other hand, increasing waste problems has become environmental issues that have not been properly resolved. MSW process by using MBT Method is able to change the waste management system and produce RDF Fluff products as alternative fuels and compost fertilizers. Research have showed that the quality of organic fertilizer from the Mechanical Biological Treatment (MBT) process met the SNI 19-7030-2004 parameters with the total N = 1.38%, P2O5 = 0.66% and K2O = 2.34%. Production cost of making organic fertilizer is lower than NPK and the amount used for ground application is higher than NPK. Market confidence began gradually improving due to consumer increasing demand.
Inhibition of Glycolysis in Pathogenic TH17 Cells through Targeting a miR
-21–Peli1–c-Rel Pathway Prevents Autoimmunity
Authors: Qiu Rong , Yu Xiang , Wang Li , Han Zhijun , Yao Chao , Cui Yange , Hou Guojun , Dai Dai , Jin Wenfei , Shen Nan
Published: May 2020

It is well known that some pathogenic cells have enhanced glycolysis; the regulatory network leading to increased glycolysis are not well characterized. In this study, we show that CNS-infiltrated pathogenic TH17 cells from diseased mice specifically upregulate glycolytic pathway genes compared with homeostatic intestinal TH17 cells. Bioenergetic assay and metabolomics analyses indicate that in vitro–derived pathogenic TH17 cells are highly glycolytic compared with nonpathogenic TH17 cells. Chromatin landscape analyses demonstrate TH17 cells in vivo that show distinct chromatin states, and pathogenic TH17 cells show enhanced chromatin accessibility at glycolytic genes with NF-κB binding sites. Mechanistic studies reveal that miR-21 targets the E3 ubiquitin ligase Peli1–c-Rel pathway to promote glucose metabolism of pathogenic TH17 cells. Therapeutic targeting c-Rel–mediated glycolysis in pathogenic TH17 cells represses autoimmune diseases. These findings extend our understanding of the regulation TH17 cell glycolysis in vivo and provide insights for future therapeutic intervention to TH17 cell–mediated autoimmune diseases.
Drinking water quality in Brazilian urban slums
Authors: Handam Natasha Berendonk , Santos José Augusto Albuquerque dos , Moraes Neto Antonio Henrique Almeida de , Alencar Maria De Fátima Leal , Ignacio Caroline Ferraz , Sotero-Martins Adriana
Published: May 2020

The study analyzed the quality of drinking water used in Brazilian urban slum residences according to the standards established in Brazilian regulations. Bacteriological (n=231) and physicochemical parameters (n=134) were analyzed, as the Standard Methods for the Examination of Water and Wastewater establishes. The results revealed that contaminants in the water consumed, for the most part, exceed the limits of drinking water quality standards, putting the population's health at risk and reinforcing the urgency of the need for public policies.
Сценарий простого перехода от структурно устойчивого 3-диффеоморфизма с двумерным растягивающимся аттрактором к DA-диффеоморфизму
Authors: Grines Vyacheslav Zigmuntovich , Kruglov Evgenii Valentinovich , Pochinka Olga Vital'evna
Published: May 2020

Хирургия Смейла на трехмерном торе позволяет получить из аносовского автоморфизма так называемый DA-диффеоморфизм. Неблуждающее множество DA-диффеоморфизма состоит из единственного двумерного растягивающегося аттрактора и конечного числа источниковых периодических орбит. Как было показано в работах В.З. Гринеса, Е.В. Жужомы и В.С. Медведева, динамика произвольного структурно устойчивого 3-диффеоморфизма с двумерным растягивающимся аттрактором обобщает динамику DA-диффеоморфизма: он существует только на трехмерном торе, двумерный аттрактор является его единственным нетривиальным базисным множеством, однако, кроме источниковых периодических орбит, его неблуждающее множество может содержать еще и седловые изолированные периодические орбиты. В настоящей работе описывается сценарий простого перехода (через элементарные бифуркации) от структурно устойчивого диффеоморфизма трехмерного тора с двумерным растягивающимся аттрактором к DA-диффеоморфизму. Ключевым моментом построения дуги является доказательство ручного вложения замыкания сепаратрис граничных периодических точек нетривиального аттрактора и изолированных седловых периодических точек. Этот результат демонстрирует принципиальное отличие динамики таких диффеоморфизмов от динамики трехмерных диффеоморфизмов Морса-Смейла, у которых возможно дикое вложение замыкания сепаратрис седловых периодических точек.
Линейные пфаффовы системы и классические решения треугольных уравнений Шлезингера
Authors: Leksin Vladimir Pavlovich
Published: May 2020

В работе под классическими решениями понимаются решения мероморфных линейных интегрируемых пфаффовых систем типа Фукса на комплексных линейных пространствах $\mathbb C^n$, $n\geq 1$: $\mathrm d y=\Omega y$, где $y(z) = (y_1(z),…,y_n(z))^\top \in \mathbb C^n$ - вектор-столбец и $\Omega $ - мероморфная матричная дифференциальная $1$-форма вида $\Omega =\sum _{1\leq i<j\leq n}J_{ij}(\beta )(z_i-z_j)^{-1} \mathrm d(z_i-z_j)$ с постоянными матричными коэффициентами $J_{ij}(\beta )$, зависящими от комплексных параметров $\beta =(\beta _1,…,\beta _n)$. При некоторых ограничениях на постоянные матричные коэффициенты $J_{ij}(\beta )$ компоненты решений $y_i(z)$, $1\leq i\leq n$, выражаются как интегралы от произведения степеней линейных функций, т.е. являются обобщениями интегрального представления классической гипергеометрической функции $F(z,a,b,c)$, а при некоторых дополнительных ограничениях на параметры $\beta $ компоненты решений будут гиперэллиптическими, суперэллиптическими или полиномиальными функциями. В работе описаны такие ограничения на коэффициенты $J_{ij}(\beta )$ систем типа Фукса, а также описаны ограничения на наборы матриц $(B_1(z),…,B_n(z))$, для которых нелинейные уравнения Шлезингера $\mathrm d B_i(z)=-\sum _{j=1, j\neq i}^n[B_i(z),B_j(z)](z_i-z_j)^{-1} \mathrm d(z_i-z_j)$ сводятся к линейным интегрируемым пфаффовым системам описанного типа и имеют решения указанного типа.
Driving Level Skill Certification
Authors:   Driving Skills Standards Committee
Published: May 2020

This SAE Recommended Practice is intended to establish a procedure to certify the fundamental driving skill levels of professional drivers. This certification can be used by the individual driver to qualify their skills when seeking employment or other professional activity. These certification levels may also be used by test facilities or other organizations when seeking test or professional drivers of various skills. The associated family of documents listed below establish driving skill criteria for various specific categories.

SAE J3300: Driving level

SAE J3300/1: Low mu/winter driving

SAE J3300/2: Trailer towing

SAE J3300/3: Automated driving

Additional certifications to be added as appropriate.

This main document provides: (1) common definitions and general guidance for using this family of documents, (2) directions for obtaining certification through Probitas Authentication®1, and (3) driving level examination requirements.
Science Teachers’ and Their Students’ Perceptions of Science and Scientists
Authors: El Takach Suzanne , Yacoubian Hagop A.
Published: May 2020

The purpose of this study was to explore school science teachers’ and their students’ perceptions of science and scientists. The participants included 116 in-service middle school chemistry teachers who attended a training program at the Faculty of Education, Lebanese University, and 250 of their students, randomly selected from a larger sample of 2345, enrolled in Grades 7-9 at Lebanese public schools all over Lebanon. Using the Draw-a-scientist-test (DAST), qualitative and quantitative data was collected from the participating teachers and their students. The teachers themselves administered the test to their students. Results showed that the stereotypical image of a scientist being a Caucasian, male, working in a lab, and conducting experiments mainly in chemistry were prevalent. There was absence of contemporary scientists and female scientists among the preferred names of scientists delivered by the students. The participants held positive attitudes towards scientists and many students were usually positive about pursuing careers in science and technology. Compared to their teachers, more students thought that scientists make inventions in the field of technology. Students in lower grades had more diverse images of scientists. The stereotypical images increased among students of higher grades and became more similar to those of their teachers and the authors of the textbooks that they use.
Secondary Teachers’ Knowledge Structures for Measures of Center, Spread & Shape of Distribution Supporting their Statistical Reasoning
Authors: Engledowl Christopher , Tarr James E.
Published: May 2020

Recent standards reform documents across the globe have called for statistical literacy by the end of high school. Thus, it is important for teachers to develop a deep understanding of the content. Despite the relatively thick literature base connecting students’ content knowledge and reasoning, research on these connections among practicing teachers is in critical need. Our study contributes to this lack of research by examining the knowledge structures and statistical reasoning—and possible ways knowledge structures supported reasoning—of a stratified purposeful sample of nine middle and secondary mathematics teachers as they responded to released items from the Levels of Conceptual Understanding in Statistics (LOCUS) assessment during two 60–90 minute task-based clinical interviews. Knowledge structures were categorized as compatible-connected, incompatible-connected, and incompatible-disconnected. Teachers with less incompatible knowledge elements in their structures engaged more frequently in reasoning coded as sound. However, teachers frequently engaged in both sound and unsound forms of reasoning on the same task item. Implications are offered for teacher education and future research.
The Use of History of Mathematics in the Mathematics Classroom: An Action Study
Authors: Bütüner Suphi Önder , Baki Adnan
Published: May 2020

In this action study, instructional environments were enriched with activities related to the history of mathematics in order to deepen students’ beliefs about mathematics and reveal for them fun, interesting, and useful activities. The study enrolled twenty-four 8th-grade students. Data were collected by using multiple data collection tools. The data regarding the students’ beliefs about mathematics were collected via written opinion forms and semi-structured interviews. Prior to the study, the students perceived mathematics as a branch of science that is closed to development and did not know why or how it flourished. After the study, they stated that mathematics is open to development and is used to solve everyday problems. The study revealed a decrease in students’ absolutist beliefs about mathematics, and students found math fun and interesting as a result of engaging in activities that promote active problem-solving. In the future, other action studies involving the history of mathematics may be used to teach different topics at different grade levels.
A Qualitative Synthesis of Algebra Intervention Research
Authors: Hott Brittany L. , Dibbs Rebecca Anne
Published: May 2020

Completion of a quality Algebra course by 8th grade is a prerequisite for successful entry into STEM majors; thus best practices in this critical course must be as equitable as possible to support STEM recruitment and retention. However, if the research base for Algebra is under-examines some populations of students, structural inequity may be unintentionally built into evidence-based practices. The purpose of this synthesis is to examine the ways in which qualitative Algebra strategy research did –or did not- account for equity issues including gender, SES, rural students, special education status, ethnicity, and native language through theoretical and participant choices. This synthesis used qualitative research integration techniques to provide a summary of fifty-eight qualitative investigations of Algebra 1 teaching strategies.  The majority of studies specified constructivism, social constructivism, and situated cognition theoretical frameworks or did not specify a theoretical framework.  The majority of research questions addressed the effectiveness of a particular pedagogical technique or intervention. Results suggest that the majority of study participants were Caucasian students from suburban localities and did not include sufficient detail necessary for replication.
An Exploratory Survey on Teaching Practices Integrating Nutrition and Mathematics in Australian Primary Schools
Authors: Follong Berit Maura , Prieto-Rodriguez Elena , Miller Andrew , Collins Clare E , Bucher Tamara
Published: May 2020

Overweight and obesity prevalence in children has increased worldwide. One of the stated reasons for this rise is the increase in portion sizes, perhaps due to individuals having difficulties with portion size estimation. Portion size estimation could be improved with portion size education involving the mathematical concepts of volume and capacity. The current study aims to explore mathematical teaching practices focussing on volume and capacity measurement in Australian primary schools. A convenience sample of 101 teachers completed an online survey reporting information on their teaching background, experience, use of resources, digital games and curricular integration. We found that teachers tend to use Smartboards and cubes to teach volume and capacity, and that the majority use nutrition-related examples such as household measures, recipes and grocery shopping. Teachers also expressed having positive beliefs and interest in using digital games for these concepts. Although mathematics is most commonly integrated with science and technology, teachers believe a digital game integrating nutrition and mathematics could be very useful. Research on the development and implementation of an educational resource to combine these subjects using technology is needed.
Relationship between Personality Type and Preferred Teaching Methods for Undergraduate College Students
Authors: Murphy Laurie Jean , Eduljee Nina B. , Croteau Karen , Parkman Suzanne
Published: May 2020

This empirical study examined the relationship between Myers-Briggs Type Indicator (MBTI) personality types and preferred teaching methods for 507 Saint Joseph’s College of Maine undergraduate students.  The students completed two instruments: the Myers-Briggs Type Indicator®, Form M (Myers, McCaulley, Quenk, & Hammer, 1998), and a 27-item scale that measured preferred teaching methods in the classroom. Descriptive and inferential statistics indicated that the five most prominent personality types were ISFJ, ESFJ, ESFP, ENFP, and ISTJ.  Sensing-Feeling (S-F) preference was the most common followed by Sensing-Judging (S-J) preference in the top five personality types. Across all MBTI dichotomies, the students indicated a preference for teaching methods that involved lecturer-student interaction, using some visual tools such as PowerPoint, and demonstrations and practice. The least preferred teaching methods involved unscheduled quizzes, lecture where the professor talks with no visuals, and library research using experiential activities. Significant differences were obtained between the MBTI dichotomies and preferred teaching methods. The results demonstrate the importance of faculty tailoring and adjusting their instruction to accommodate the needs of their students to increase student achievement, motivation, and engagement in their classroom.
The Efficacy and Relevancy of the Language Courses in the Preparation of Elementary Science and Mathematics Prospective Teachers
Authors: Sinno Samar , El Takach Suzanne
Published: May 2020

The present study aims to determine the efficacy and relevancy of the two foreign language courses required for preparing elementary prospective teachers to teach Science and Mathematics in English or French.  The study is a mixed one relying on quantitative data collected from the rating scales and the 5-point Likert-type Scale Questionnaires while the qualitative data is collected from the open-ended questions.  Data was collected from: a) a questionnaire addressed to professors and instructors who teach the two language courses: “Language of Teaching” (FCE) and “Techniques of Expression” (TE), b) a questionnaire administered to science and mathematics trainers, c) a questionnaire addressed to students in the 2nd and 3rd semesters majoring in science and mathematics Education, d) a questionnaire addressed to a purposeful sample—3rd year students majoring in science and math education, and e) a questionnaire addressed to the science and mathematics coordinators. The objective of the questionnaires is to determine the participants’ conceptions of the efficacy of the foreign language courses, and whether those courses meet the needs of the science and mathematics students. Results indicate that students were not satisfied with the language courses. Recommendations for teaching foreign languages to Science and Mathematics students are also highlighted.
Examining Blended Learning Implementation in Hard and Soft Sciences: A Qualitative Analysis
Authors: Vo Hien Minh , Zhu Chang , Diep Nguyet Anh
Published: May 2020

Together with the rapid growth of blended courses implemented in higher education, instructors and researchers are keen on exploring the efficient models of blended learning (BL) to enhance students' achievement. While many BL theoretical models exist, robust empirical evidence confirming instructors' strategies and implementation is still scarce, particularly the possible differences as a function of disciplines. To address this lack of evidence, a qualitative study was conducted among 29 instructors in a large public university in Vietnam. Employing the Content-Construction-Communication framework as the guiding lens, the present study conducted semi-structured interviews to capture how instructors in hard and soft disciplines designed and implemented their blended courses. The findings revealed that instructors from hard and soft sciences shared both similarities and differences in their instructional strategies. Similar aspects included the alignment of course objectives with learning activities design and assessment, recognition of the importance of students' individual learning and collaborative learning, and responsiveness regarding students' questions. Yet, differences were observed in the design of both individual and collaborative online activities and instructors' online facilitation. Thus, the results provide a clear picture of different BL designs, which can be helpful for instructional designers and policies aimed at professional development support for successful BL implementation.
Cognitive Activation in Experimental Situations in Kindergarten and Primary School
Authors: Von Kotzebue Lena , Müller Laura , Haslbeck Heidi , Neuhaus Birgit J. , Lankes Eva-Maria
Published: May 2020

Cognitive activation is one of the central quality characteristics of teaching. Studies which analyzed cognitive activation in science instruction and its influence on the achievement and the interest of students, took most of the times place in higher grades. Since scientific thinking can be taught at a very early stage and, in particular, experimental situations should be designed cognitively activating so that they can be optimally used as learning opportunities. Therefore, this study examined cognitive activation in experimental situations. For this purpose, we video recorded five lessons in primary schools as well as five lessons in kindergartens in Germany. The results showed that in the investigated experimental situations, only a few cognitively activating measures were implemented by the kindergarten educators and the primary school teachers. It is noticeable that the category Challenging questions was used most frequently while the category Instructional dialogue was by far the rarest in the videos.
The Relation between Self-Efficacy Beliefs towards Science Teaching and Learning Strategies of Primary School Teacher Candidates
Authors: Kozcu Çakır Nevin
Published: May 2020

In this research, the relation between primary school teacher candidates' self-efficacy beliefs towards science teaching and learning strategies was investigated. The research group consisted of 314 primary school teacher candidates who are studying in the faculty of education in a public university. “The Science Teaching Efficacy Belief Instrument” was used to determine the self-efficacy of primary school teacher candidates for science teaching; and in order to determine their learning strategies, part of the Learning Strategies Scale (LSS) was used. The data were analyzed with canonical correlation analysis using CANCORR syntax in PASW 21 software. According to the results of the analysis, it was determined that there was a significant  relation between the personal self-efficacy belief in science teaching variable in self-efficacy belief in science teaching data set and elaboration strategy (ES), metacognitive self-regulation (MC), effort regulation (ER) and time and study environment management (TSEM) variables in the learning strategies data set.
O cemitério de Campo Grande: de Campo Santo à Cemitério Municipal de Santo Antônio
Authors: Souza Fabio William de
Published: May 2020

Os cemitérios são um equipamento urbano de extrema importância no processo de secularização das cidades. As cidades republicanas brasileiras do início do século XX faziam questão de construírem os seus cemitérios e lhe darem os ares de civilidade exigida pelo período. O estudo apresentado analisa o recorte temporal de 1880 a 1960. Utilizou-se do método indiciário para buscar em leis e textos as informações necessárias sobre a história urbana de Campo Grande. A constituição do cemitério municipal da cidade de Campo Grande no Estado de Mato Grosso do Sul possui algumas particularidades que serão expostas neste artigo. O cemitério foi ransferido de local por duas vezes até ser fixado no local atual. Por estas e outras questões faz-se necessária uma pesquisa sobre este momento histórico da cidade de Campo Grande.
Tempo e memória do antigo Mato Grosso: a (re)significação do cristianismo ocidental na cosmologia Terena.
Authors: Moura Noêmia dos Santos Pereira , Ortiz Rosalvo Ivarra
Published: May 2020

O presente ensaio tem como intento evidenciar o processo de institucionalização do cristianismo no Estado de Mato Grosso do Sul e como deu- se a “metamorfose” dos Terenas, que resistiram por muito tempo ao cerco da sociedade nacional e regional. Na segunda metade do século XIX, antes da Guerra do Paraguai (1964-1970), muitos dessa etnia foram aldeados pelos missionários católicos e no início do século XX muitos outros converteram- se ao protestantismo. Contudo, como o processo de institucionalização do catolicismo e do protestantismo foi lentamente processado ainda no antigo Mato Grosso, os indígenas foram negociando espaços para as novas crenças e ao mesmo, sem perder de vista os seus costumes, hábitos, ou seja, continuaram praticando o xamanismo e suas práticas cosmológicas.
Os principais conceitos da teoria da história de Jörn Rüsen: uma proposta didática de síntese.
Authors: Barom William Carlos Cipriani
Published: May 2020

Na última década, a Didática da História no Brasil vem passando por uma mudança ao se aproximar da área da ciência da história. De sua histórica relação com o ambiente escolar, vem avançando em direção ao estudo da cognição histórica, intra e extraescolar. Da filosofia e teoria da história, conceitos como cultura, consciência, narrativa e identidade parecem balizar este processo de ampliação do campo em direção ao estudo da aprendizagem histórica em sociedade. No Brasil, este processo vem sendo realizado substancialmente através das contribuições teóricas do filósofo e historiador alemão Jörn Rüsen. O presente artigo busca contribuir no entendimento deste processo ao sistematizar de modo didático os principais conceitos de sua teoria, na intenção de demonstrar suas inter-relações e dialogicidades.
A Nova História Política e as fontes midiáticas: histórico, metodologias e fontes – breve comentário.
Authors: Correa Línive de Albuquerque
Published: May 2020

A década de 1970 serviu de palco para a renovação da História Política, impulsionada, sobretudo, pelo contato desta com outras ciências sociais, bem como, pela troca com outras disciplinas. A terceira geração dos Annales ampliou esta renovação, destacamos como consequência desta abertura, a promoção do diálogo entre história e jornalismo, nos propusemos, no decorrer do presente artigo, a traçar um breve histórico desta relação. E, ao mesmo tempo, num segundo momento do trabalho, elencar algumas atitudes indispensáveis no tratamento das mídias, sobretudo impressa, como fonte e/ou objeto de pesquisa. A mídia é responsável pela veiculação de um tipo de conhecimento distinto do difundido pela História, porém, atua na construção do acontecimento histórico. Toda pesquisa que tome a imprensa e seus produtos como fonte e/ou objeto demanda também de uma análise política.
Experiências de intercâmbio entre Brasil e Argentina: contexto socioeconômico, cientificismo e abordagens críticas
Authors: Petz Ivanna , Scaglia María Cecilia , Valverde Sebastián
Published: May 2020

Entre 2014 e 2017 desenvolvemos um projeto “Associados de Pós-Graduações Brasil-Argentina (CAFB-BA)”. Este, no contex­to do Brasil, avaliado e financiado pela Coor­denação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (Capes) e, na situação argen­tina, pela Secretaria de Políticas Universitárias (SPU). Esta experiência interliga o Mestrado em Estudos de Fronteira (MEF) da Universi­dade Federal de Mato Grosso do Sul (UFMS), Instituição de Ensino Superior (IES) na Região Centro-Oeste do Brasil, e da Escola de Pós­-graduação de Antropologia e Filosofia e Letras da Universidade de Buenos Aires (FFyL-UBA), Cidade Autônoma de Buenos Aires, República Argentina. Embora o perfil da UBA seja historicamente mais acadêmico, neste artigo serão referidas as experiências que estão sendo desenvol­vidas a partir de pesquisas articuladas com transferência e / ou extensão, como as ações concretizadas no Centro de Inovação e Desen­volvimento para Ação Comunitária (CIDAC) – na zona sul da Cidade de Buenos Aires – ou por meio dos “Projetos de Desenvolvimento Tecnológico e Social (PDTS)”. Analisaremos os pontos comuns e as diferenças como o ME­F-UFMS atua com as instituições que traba­lham com os imigrantes na região de fronteira do estado do Mato Grosso do Sul (MS).
Dandy
Authors: Menezes Marcos Antônio de
Published: May 2020

O poeta de As Flores do Mal buscou compreender o tempo em que viveu, chamou as coisas pelo nome das coisas, desnudou-as. Para melhor traduzir o espírito de seu tempo, Baudelaire assumiu para si a responsabilidade de viver este tempo plenamente, nem que para isso fosse necessário correr o risco da despersonalização. Cada personagem, dandy ou flâneur – figuras emblemáticas do tempo do poeta francês que ele colocava sobre o corpo e a alma – são elementos-chave para permitir desvendar Paris, cidade-símbolo do século XIX. Em personagens tais como: o trapeiro, o boêmio, o dândi e o flâneur, o poeta procurou desvelar as máscaras da cidade. Isso quer dizer que, neste trabalho, procuramos pensar as figuras do dândi e do flâneur como personagens que revelaram a capital francesa. Personagens emblemáticos de um tempo – o século XIX – e, como tal, haverão de ser mostrados por dentro. E, assim, por meio deles, nos aproximarmos espacial e temporalmente do homem e do poeta Charles Baudelaire.
Crise do tempo
Authors: Onofre Júnior Leandro Silva , Menezes Marcos Antonio de
Published: May 2020

Este artigo tem por objetivo apresentar algumas possibilidades para os historiadores que se interessam pelas discussões que envolvem o campo da Teoria da História, mais especificamente os embates sobre as dimensões temporais – passado, presente e futuro – e nossa relação com tempo. Neste sentido, buscamos demonstrar como as formulações de Reinhart Koselleck foram importantes para a sistematização do conceito de tempo histórico, bem como, a aproximação entre suas formulações e as de François Hartog se articulam com a concepção de brecha (gap) desenvolvida por Hannah Arendt, possibilitando repensar a obra de Franz Kafka, na expectativa de encontrar possíveis contribuições para as discussões relacionadas às temporalidades e o campo da Teoria da História.
Nasal index among Students of People’s Dental College and Hospital
Authors: Bajracharya Mangesh , Sharma Samjhana
Published: May 2020

Introduction: Nasal anthropometry is a study that deals with the measurements of the proportion, size, and shape of nose. The nasal index is considered as one of the major landmarks for craniofacial surgery, gender differentiation, and ethnic identity. This study is aimed to provide baseline data of the nasal index of Nepalese people and to assess the gender variation which will be of clinical, surgical interest in rhinology and craniofacial prosthetic purpose.

Methods: BDS students from 17 to 25 years with various ethnicity were included in the study. A total of 160 students with an equal number of male and female students was included. Nasal parameters were measured and the nasal index was calculated for each student.

Result: The mean nasal index was 78.03±7.07 suggesting Mesorrhine type of nose. The nasal width and height show statistically significant difference whereas there was no significant difference found between the nasal indices of male and female students. Hill Janajati showed the highest nasal index followed by Newar, Brahmin and Chettri; and Others.

Conclusion: The study concludes the type of nose has an effect on gender when compared between the sex but the nasal index calculated to have a little contribution to sexual dimorphism. Mesorrhine nose were found to be most frequent. Among the population, Hill Janajati showed highest nasal index. We recommend a further study to compare the nasal index of various ethnical groups of Nepalese population.
Thrombocytopenia as a Predictor of Severity of Pneumonia in a Tertiary Care Center in Nepal
Authors: Amatya Bhawana , Shakya Yagya Laxmi , Prasad Pratap Narayan
Published: May 2020

Introduction: Community-acquired pneumonia is an infectious disease with a global burden. Thrombocytopenia can be an effective and inexpensive tool in predicting the severity of pneumonia which can be useful in the primary care level. The objectives were to identify the clinical and laboratory predictors of hospitalized patients with pneumonia, determine the incidence of thrombocytopenia in those patients, its association with severity, compare it with leucocyte count, assess severity using clinical prediction scores, need of mechanical ventilation, need of transfer to intensive care unit and mortality.

Methods: After informed consent, diagnosed and admitted cases of community-acquired pneumonia were examined after which patients' demographic and clinical data as well as laboratory parameters including white cell count and platelets were filled in proforma. Clinical prediction scores for pneumonia were calculated and the need for mechanical ventilation, inotropes, transfusions as well as mortality assessed. Patients were followed up until discharge to see the severity of pneumonia.

Results: The incidence of thrombocytopenia among patients with pneumonia was 36.9% (41 out of 111). The overall mortality rate was 9%. More pneumonia patients having thrombocytopenia (14.6%) died than pneumonia patients having leukocytosis (13.8%). There was a significant association between thrombocytopenia and severity of pneumonia, both alone, (p = 0.007, OR = 4.03) and on adjusting for the WBC and GCS (p=0.017, OR = 3.81).Significant associations were found between thrombocytopenia and the need for ICU in patients with pneumonia (p=0.001), mechanical ventilation (p = 0.001), presence of edema, confusion, age variation (p=0.024) and septic shock (p=0.021).

Conclusion: Thrombocytopenia can serve as an effective predictor of the severity of pneumonia.
Izolacija bakterijskih patogena kod klinički manifestnih mastitisa mliječnih goveda i njihova antimikrobna osjetljivost u zeničkoj regiji u 2017. godini
Authors: Burović Jasmin
Published: May 2020

Ova studija predstavlja podatke prikupljene iz Veterinarske stanice “Zevet” d.o.o. Zenica, Bosna i Hercegovina o zastupljenosti bakterijskih patogena kod klinički prisutnih mastitisa mliječnih goveda i profilima njihove antimikrobne osjetljivosti. Za laboratorijsku izolaciju obrađena su 52 uzorka od kojih su 23 bila bakteriološki pozitivna. Najčešći izolati bili su Staphylococcus aureus u 21,74 % uzoraka i Streptococcus agalactiae u 17,39 % izolira- nih uzoraka, koagulaza-negativni stafilokoki (13,04 %), Klebsiella pneumoniae (13,04 %), Ente- rococcus spp. (8,70 %), Escherichia coli (8,70 %), Streptococcus spp., Enterobacter, Serratia spp. i Yersinia enterocolitica (4,35 %). Najveća antimikrobna otpornost među izolatima primjećena je na benzilpenicilin (56,25 %) i oksitetraciklin (46,15 %) s ukupnom otpornosti na uporabljena antimikrobna sredstava od 25,99 %. Na tri testirana antimikrobna sredstva (neomicin, klindamicin i cefotaksim) izolati nisu pokazali otpornost. Ostali antibiotici na koje je primijećena niska ukupna otpornost su ciprofloksacin (5,56 %) i ofloksacin (6,67 %). Samo jedan izolat nije pokazao nikakvu otpornost na testirane antimikrobike (S. aureus). Najveću otpornost među izolatima pokazao je Enterococcus spp., pokazujući senzibilitet samo za tetracikline. S. aureus je pokazao otpornost na benzilpenicilin i cefaleksin u 60 % slučajeva. Svi izolati S. agalactiae su bili otporni na tetracikline, oksitetracikline i gentamicin. Koagulaza negativni stafilokoki pokazali su otpornost na cefaleksin u dva slučaja i otpornost na benzilpenicilin, eri- tromicin i oksacilin u jednom izolatu. Klebsiella pneumoniae je pokazala otpornost na cefaleksin, amoksicilin i benzilpenicilin u svim ispitivanim izolatima, a pokazala je i otpornost na tetracikline u dva izolata. Svi ostali izolati pokazali su otpornost prema najmanje jednom testiranom antimikrobiku. U 46 slučajeva se odmah pristu- palo liječenju s 86,96 % uspjehom koji je procijenjen na osnovu izostanka kliničkog relapsa i smanjenja broja somatskih stanica u dopuštene granice za tri tjedna nakon provedene terapije.
Safety culture regarding zoonoses on domestic ruminant farms
Authors: Starič Jože , Rautiainen Risto , Leppälä Jarkko , Janev Holcer Nataša , Ježek Jožica , Drusany Starič Kristina , Hodnik Jaka Jakob
Published: May 2020

Veterinarians in buiatric practice, alongside veterinary care and animal
welfare, are also responsible for protecting assisting personnel and those working on the holding from zoonoses. Therefore, they need to be knowledgeable about common zoonotic diseases of ruminants, in particular, and protection from their contraction. Veterinarians should know which zoonotic diseases are present in their country and neighbouring countries to be prepared to advise. Zoonotic diseases of ruminants often show no typical clinical presentation, so awareness of self-protective behaviour when dealing with animals in the prevention of
zoonoses is very important. This article provides a review of the common zoonoses of domestic ruminants in South-East Europe that are transmitted when handling animals, and their manner of transmission to humans. Safety culture in ruminant production relates to employee attitudes and behaviour concerning health and safety, which also has a significant impact on zoonosis prevention. Improving the safety culture among livestock sector workers and worker behaviours that prevent the risk of zoonoses are also discussed.
Analiza fenotipa CD3+CD16+ limfocita periferne krvi svinja
Authors: Andrišić Miroslav , Šandor Ksenija , Terzić Svjetlana , Božić Frane , Cvetić Željko , Bendelja Krešo , Valpotić Hrvoje , Perak Junaković Eleonora , Vujnović Anja , Žarković Irena
Published: May 2020

The phenotype of porcine peripheral blood T cells and natural killer (NK) cells has been well-studied over the past three decades, though porcine peripheral blood lymphocytes with mixed T/NK-cell phenotype within perforin- and NKp46- positive CD3+ populations have also been identified. Despite the mixed phenotype, both populations showed in vitro NK cell-like major histocompatibility complex-unrestricted cytolysis. In this study, the peripheral blood lymphocytes of 15 crossbreed, 12-week-old pigs of both sexes, were analysed by flow cytometry for the expression of leukocyte surface antigens (cluster of differentiation, CD) that can be found on porcine T cells (CD3, TCR-γδ and CD4), NK cells (CD16) or on both cell populations (CD8α and SLA-DR). We found the presence of a minor population of CD3+CD16+ cells within peripheral blood lymphocytes (2.84%). Peripheral blood CD3+CD16+ lymphocytes consisted of all four subpopulations with respect to the expression of surface antigens CD4 and CD8α; most were CD4-CD8α+ (60.64%) and CD4-CD8α-(36.77%). While the proportion of SLA- DR+ cells within both subpopulations was similar (8.01% of CD3+CD16+CD4-CD8α+ lymphocytes and 7.41% of CD3+CD16+CD4- CD8α- lymphocytes), the proportion of TCR-γδ+ cells was noticeably higher within CD3+CD16+CD4-CD8α+ (43.48%) than CD3+CD16+CD4-CD8α- (16.55%) lymphocytes. When the expression of individual surface antigens was analysed on peripheral blood CD3+CD16+ lymphocytes, most were CD8α+ (62.44%), though some were also TCR- γδ+ (32.56%), SLA-DR+ (7.55%) or CD4+ (2.59%). Expression of CD8α on CD3+CD16+ lymphocytes was not related to co-expression of other surface antigens, though most CD3+CD16+TCR-γδ+ lymphocytes (81.04%) and most CD3+CD16+CD4+ lymphocytes (69.50%) expressed CD8α. Expression of SLA-DR was not related to the co-expression of TCR-γδ or CD8α, or to the co-expression of both antigens (TCR-γδ and CD8α) on CD3+CD16+CD4- lymphocytes. The results also showed the presence of peripheral blood lymphocytes with the combined phenotypeof T cells and NK cells in three-month old pigs. Though a functional analysis of the investigated cells was not performed in this study, future investigations should provide more insight about the functional properties of porcine peripheral blood CD3+CD16+ lymphocytes with distinct phenotypic characteristics, especially concerning antigen- specific responses and whether the results presented here are solely age-related.
Next-generation sequencing in veterinary medicine - a review
Authors: Vlahović Ksenija , Popović Maja , Pajurin Luka , Špoljarić Daniel , Pavlak Marina , Gregurić Gračner Gordana
Published: May 2020

Završetkom projekta sekvenciranja ljudskoga genoma, omogućen je znatan napredak u molekularnoj biologiji čime se otvaraju novi viditci, kao i mogućnosti i u veterinarskoj medicini. Nova generacija sekvenciranja predstavlja znatan tehnološki napredak, koji omogućuje velik napredak u poznavanju genoma životinja te sve širu primjenu u različitim područjima veterinarske medicine. U radu su podrobno opisane različite metode novih generacija sekvenciranja, navodeći prednosti i nedostatke svake od platformi, prikazana je i povijest razvoja sekvenciranja kao i njezin daljnji razvoj i buduća primjena.
Solving third order ordinary differential equations directly using hybrid numerical models
Authors: J. O. Kuboye  , O. F. Quadri  , O. R. Elusakin
Published: May 2020

In this work, numerical methods for solving third order initial value problems of ordinary differential equations are developed. Multi-step collocation is used in deriving the methods, where power series approximate solution is employed as a basis function. Gaussian elimination approach is considered in finding the unknown variables $a_j, j=0(1)8$ in interpolation and collocation equations, which are substituted into the power series to give the continuous implicit schemes. The discrete schemes and its derivatives are derived by evaluating the grid and non-grid points. These schemes are arranged in a matrix form to produce block methods. The order of the developed methods are found to be six. The numerical results proved the efficiency of the methods over the existing methods.
Raciocínio geométrico e aprendizagem de congruência de triângulos
Authors: Viana Odalea Aparecida , Silva Lucas Rafael Pereira
Published: May 2020

Este trabalho teve como objetivo identificar avanços no raciocínio geométrico de um grupo de alunos submetidos a uma proposta didática no tema congruência de triângulos, a partir da manifestação das habilidades lógica e visual. A sequência didática foi elaborada no âmbito de mestrado profissional em ensino de ciências e matemática e aplicada a alunos do oitavo ano do ensino fundamental, sendo utilizados materiais manipuláveis, slides com animação e o software GeoGebra. As análises dos diálogos e dos registros produzidos pelos alunos, feitas com base no modelo teórico de Van Hiele, permitiram identificar avanços no raciocínio geométrico, já que as atividades promoveram: (a) a formação, a inspeção e a manipulação de imagens mentais, o que permitiu interpretar e deduzir informações a partir de figuras (características da habilidade visual) e (b) o processo de análise acerca das afirmações verdadeiras e falsas, e de tirar conclusões a partir de princípios e evidências (características da habilidade lógica). Considerou-se que a aplicação da sequência didática em outros contextos pode gerar análises de modo a avançar no entendimento a respeito do raciocínio lógico na aprendizagem da geometria.
Mapas Conceituais para a compreensão de textos no âmbito de um curso de pós-graduação
Authors: Ferrão Naíma Soltau , Santarosa Maria Cecília Pereira
Published: May 2020

Apresentam-se aqui os resultados e reflexões a respeito da utilização de mapas conceituais como ferramenta para a compreensão de textos na perspectiva de pós-graduandos durante a disciplina de Tópicos de Teorias de Aprendizagem e Educação Matemática, ministrada no âmbito de um curso de mestrado acadêmico em Educação Matemática e Ensino de Física. Para tanto, analisamos as respostas dadas pelos discentes a um conjunto de perguntas elaboradas com o propósito de obter as impressões surgidas durante todo o processo de leitura, compreensão dos textos, confecção dos mapas conceituais e apresentação de seminários. Trata-se de um estudo de caráter qualitativo, subsidiado concomitantemente nos trabalhos de Duval, referentes à diversidade de registros de representações semióticas e à compreensão de textos em Matemática e nos princípios programáticos facilitadores da aprendizagem significativa descritos por Ausubel. Os resultados sugerem que é adequado usar mapas conceituais com o propósito apoiar a leitura e favorecer a compreensão de textos escritos, o diálogo, a troca de significados entre os estudantes e a aprendizagem significativa dos conceitos estudados.
Banco Geométrico: gênese documental e orquestração instrumental
Authors: Almeida Matheus Souza de , Espíndola Elisângela Bastos de Mélo , Costa Pedro Rafhael Barbosa , Mello Tadeu Lira de , Damascena Joseleide Da Silva
Published: May 2020

Apresentamos um estudo desenvolvido no seio do Programa Institucional de Bolsas de Iniciação à Docência (Pibid), que teve em seu bojo, o trabalho de bolsistas (licenciandos em Matemática) sobre e com os recursos para o ensino de Matemática. Em particular, analisamos o processo de concepção e aplicação de um jogo sobre o tema Poliedros, o Banco Geométrico. Destacamos como norte teórico a Abordagem Documental do Didático, a Teoria da Orquestração Instrumental e o modelo Mathematics Teacher’s Specialized Knowledge (MTSK). A coleta de dados ocorreu à luz da investigação reflexiva, pela qual são utilizadas várias ferramentas; a saber: observação de classe, entrevistas, videogravação, dentre outras; bem como o acompanhamento do trabalho documental dos sujeitos em diversos lugares (escola, laboratório, etc.). Dentre os resultados, sublinhamos elementos de evolução do jogo em tela, em virtude do trabalho documental e das orquestrações instrumentais (configuração didática, modos de exploração e desempenho didático). E, como esses elementos foram permeados pelo desenvolvimento de conhecimentos profissionais docentes.
Direct contribution of ammonia to CCN-size alpha-pinene secondary organic aerosol formation
Authors: Hao Liqing , Kari Eetu , Leskinen Ari , Worsnop Douglas R. , Virtanen Annele
Published: May 2020

Abstract. Ammonia (NH3), a gasous compound ubiquitiously present in the atmosphere, is involved in the formation of secondary organic aerosol (SOA), but the exact mechanisum is still not well known. This study presents the results of SOA experiments from the photooxidation of α-pinene in the presence of NH3 in the reaction chamber. SOA was formed in nucleation experiment and in seeded experiment with ammonium sulfate particles as seeds. The chemical composition and time-series of compounds in the gas- and particle- phase were characterized by an on-line high-resolution time-of-flight proton transfer reaction mass spectrometer (HR-ToF-PTRMS) and a high-resolution time-of-flight aerosol mass spectrometer (HR-ToF-AMS), respectively. Our results show that for the aerosol particles in cloud condensation nuclei (CCN) size, the mass concentration of ammonium (NH4+) was still rising even after the mass concentration of organic component started to decrease due to aerosol wall deposition and evaporation, implying the continuous new formation of particle phase ammonium in the process. Stoichiometric neutralization analysis of aerosol indicates that organic acids have a central role in the formation of particle phase ammonium. Our measurements show a good correlation between the gas phase organic mono- and di-carboxylic acids formed in the photooxidation of α-pinene and the ammonium in the particle phase, thus highlighting the contribution of gas-phase organic acids to the ammonium formation in the CCN-size SOA particles. The work shows that the gas-phase organic acids contribute to the SOA formation by forming ammonium salts through acid-base reaction. The changes in aerosol mass, particle size and chemical composition resulting from the NH3-SOA interaction can potentially alter the aerosol direct and indirect forcing and therefore alter its impact on climate change.