bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
MODERN PROCESSING CAPABILITIES OF ANALOG DATA FROM DOCUMENTATION OF THE GREAT OMAYYAD MOSQUE IN ALEPPO, SYRIA, DAMAGED IN CIVIL WAR
Authors: Pavelka K. , Šedina J. , Raeva P. , Hůlková M.
Published: August 2017

Abstract. In 1999, a big project for the documentation of the Great Omayyad mosque in Aleppo / Syria under UNESCO was conducted. By end of the last century, still analogue cameras were still being used, like the UMK Zeiss, RolleiMetric System. Digital cameras and digital automatic data processing were just starting to be on the rise and laser scanning was not relevant. In this situation, photogrammetrical measurement used stereo technology for complicated situations, and object and single-image technology for creating photoplans. Hundreds of photogrammetric images were taken. However, data processing was carried out on digital stereo plotters or workstations; it was necessary that all analogue photos were converted to digital form using a photogrammetric scanner. The outputs were adequate to the end of the last century. Nowadays, after 19 years, the photogrammetric materials still exist, but the technology and processing is completely different. Our original measurement is historical and nowadays quite obsolete. So we was it decided to explore the possibilities of the new processing of historical materials. Why? The reason is that in the last few years there has been civil war in Syria and the above mentioned monument was severely damaged. The existing historical materials therefore provide a unique opportunity for possible future reconstruction. This paper refers to the completion of existing materials, their evaluation and possibilities of new processing with today’s technologies.
BIM ORIENTATION: GRADES OF GENERATION AND INFORMATION FOR
DIFFERENT TYPE OF ANALYSIS AND MANAGEMENT PROCESS
Authors: Banfi F.
Published: August 2017

Abstract. Architecture, Engineering and Construction (AEC) industry is facing a great process re-engineering of the management procedures for new constructions, and recent studies show a significant increase of the benefits obtained through the use of Building Information Modelling (BIM) methodologies. This innovative approach needs new developments for information and communication technologies (ICT) in order to improve cooperation and interoperability among different actors and scientific disciplines. Accordingly, BIM could be described as a new tool capable of collect/analyse a great quantity of information (Big data) and improve the management of building during its life of cycle (LC). The main aim of this research is, in addition to a reduction in production times, reduce physical and financial resources (economic impact), to demonstrate how technology development can support a complex generative process with new digital tools (modelling impact). This paper reviews recent BIMs of different historical Italian buildings such as Basilica of Collemaggio in L’Aquila, Masegra Castle in Sondrio, Basilica of Saint Ambrose in Milan and Visconti Bridge in Lecco and carries out a methodological analysis to optimize output information and results combining different data and modelling techniques into a single hub (cloud service) through the use of new Grade of Generation (GoG) and Information (GoI) (management impact). Finally, this study shows the need to orient GoG and GoI for a different type of analysis, which requires a high Grade of Accuracy (GoA) and an Automatic Verification System (AVS ) at the same time.
VIRTUAL MUSEUMS FOR LANDSCAPE VALORIZATION AND COMMUNICATION
Authors: Pietroni E.
Published: August 2017

Abstract. Research in the domain of landscape virtual reconstructions has been mainly focused on digitization and recording inside GIS systems, or real time visualization, paying a minor attention to the development of a methodological approach for the landscape narration, combing different registers, conceptual, emotional incitements and, thus, able to arouse in the public a feeling of emotional “sensing” and self- identification. The landscape reflects also the human activities in the territory and the communities’ cultural patterns, their sense of “belonging”. In a virtual museum of landscapes, the multidisciplinary approach, the multiplication of perspectives and voices, storytelling, acquire primary importance. A Virtual Museum of landscapes should integrate both holistic and delimited visions. The holistic vision requires a diachronic approach, including both present and past phases of life. On the other side, delimited, or “monographic”, representations are useful to go deeper into specific and exemplar stories, regarding specific groups of people. Beside, the emergence of new social media enhancing cultural interactions among people induce the creation of specific social platforms for Cultural Heritage for the active participation of a large number of stakeholders. Co-creation scenarios and tools can be particularly promising. Aton is an example of front-end VR social platform in the web end, for the efficient streaming of medium/large landscape, their exploration and characterization. The Tiber Valley Virtual Museum is an example of sensorial cultural landscape. Starting from the acquisition of topographical data through integrated technologies, several multi-sensory scenarios have been created, inside which visitors can feel embodied and involved.
A CRITICAL REVIEW OF AUTOMATED PHOTOGRAMMETRIC
PROCESSING OF LARGE DATASETS
Authors: Remondino F. , Nocerino E. , Toschi I. , Menna F.
Published: August 2017

Abstract. The paper reports some comparisons between commercial software able to automatically process image datasets for 3D reconstruction purposes. The main aspects investigated in the work are the capability to correctly orient large sets of image of complex environments, the metric quality of the results, replicability and redundancy. Different datasets are employed, each one featuring a diverse number of images, GSDs at cm and mm resolutions, and ground truth information to perform statistical analyses of the 3D results. A summary of (photogrammetric) terms is also provided, in order to provide rigorous terms of reference for comparisons and critical analyses.
DIGITAL WORKFLOW FOR THE CONSERVATION OF BAHRAIN BUILT HERITAGE: THE SHEIK ISA BIN ALI HOUSE
Authors: Barazzetti L. , Mezzino D. , Santana Quintero M.
Published: August 2017

Abstract. Currently, the commercial market offers several tools for digital documentation of historic sites and buildings. Photogrammetry and laser scanning play a fundamental role in the acquisition of metric information, which is then processed to generate reliable records particularly useful also in the built heritage conservation field. Although potentially very fast and accurate, such techniques require expert operators to produce reliable results, especially in the case of complex and large sites. The aim of this paper is to present the digital workflow developed for data acquisition and processing of the Shaikh Isa Bin Ali house in Muharraq, Bahrain. This historic structure is an outstanding example of Bahrain architecture as well as tangible memory of the country history, with strong connotations in the Bahrain cultural identity. The building has been documented employing several digital techniques, including: aerial (drone) and terrestrial photogrammetry, rectifying photography, total station and laser scanning. The documentation project has been developed for the Bahrain Authority for Culture and Antiquities (BACA) by a multidisciplinary team of experts from Carleton Immersive Media Studio (CIMS, Carleton University, Canada) and Gicarus Lab (Politecnico di Milano, Italy).
MULTIDISCIPLINARY INFORMATION SYSTEM OF ASSYRIAN CUNEIFORM TABLETS ENHANCING NEW RESEARCH POSSIBILITIES VIA HETEROGENEOUS DATA IN RECORDS
Authors: Valach J. , Štefcová P. , Bruna R. , Zemánek P.
Published: August 2017

Abstract. This paper outlines recently started project dedicated to creation and development of information system for cuneiform tablets. The contribution deals with the architecture of a virtual collection of cuneiform tablets, conceived as a complex system combining and integrating several domains of information obtained from various types of analyses. The research team includes experts from the field of collection conservation with philologists and researchers in the 3D scanning and physical measurement. Multidisciplinary databases like the one described, represent a new tool in digital humanities and help to improve accessibility of collections to public and researchers.
PLANNING BY USING DIGITAL TECHNOLOGY IN THE RECONSTRUCTION OF CULTURAL HERITAGE SITES – A CASE STUDY OF QIONG-LIN SETTLEMENT IN KINMEN AREA
Authors: Yang W. B. , Ye Y. N.
Published: August 2017

Abstract. ICOMOS Florence Declaration in 2014, encourages an in-depth reflection on human values through cultural heritage and landscapes, which emphasizes the importance of historical heritage sites, in order to achieve the application of cultural heritage records through the public participation, sharing new technology platform and facilitation tools for knowledge diffusion, for instance. Nikos adopted digitized intangible cultural heritage within i-Treasures project to create a novel digital platform in 2016. Nowadays, the display platform developed based on geographic information system has been gradually accepted and widely used to distribute cultural heritage information, aiming to combine geography, time, events, issues, trends with the interactive maps to show the context of data changes from the consideration of planarity; for example, Burnaby City in Canada has cooperated with the Columbia University to create a navigation platform for guidance of tangible cultural heritage based on story maps in order to provide public recognition function. In this study, Qiong-Lin Settlement in Kinmen Area was taken as an example to illustrate the developing process of an overall planning framework for reappearing the glory of historic settlements of cultural heritage sites with digital technology, which included tangible and intangible cultural heritage preservation and transmission planning, community participation and digital navigation programs. The digital technology with the GIS-based digital platform can provide more diverse and interesting information while using an intuitive, graphical user story mapping interface. So that tangible cultural heritage can be effectively understood, interpreted and preserved with the value-added methods, and also intangible cultural heritage can be continuously transmitted to establish a complete system of cultural heritage preservation. The main contents include several navigation technologies, such as 3D laser scanning, UAV images, photogrammetry, panorama, audio/video, geographic information systems etc.
STATEWIDE INVENTORIES OF HERITAGE RESOURCES:
MACRIS AND THE EXPERIENCE IN MASSACHUSETTS
Authors: Stott P. H.
Published: August 2017

Abstract. The Massachusetts Historical Commission (MHC) is the State Historic Preservation Office for Massachusetts. Established in 1963, MHC has been inventorying historic properties for over half a century. Since 1987, it has maintained a heritage database, the Massachusetts Cultural Resource Information System, or MACRIS. Today MACRIS holds over 206,000 records from the 351 towns and cities across the Commonwealth. Since 2004, a selection of the more than 150 MACRIS fields has been available online at mhcmacris. net. MACRIS is widely used by independent consultants preparing project review files, by MHC staff in its regulatory responsibilities, by local historical commissions monitoring threats to their communities, as well as by scholars, historical organizations, genealogists, property owners, reporters, and the general public interested in the history of the built environment. In 2016 MACRIS began migration off of its three-decade old Pick multivalue database to SQL Server, and in 2017, the first redesign of its thirteen-year old web interface should start to improve usability. Longer-term improvements have the goal of standardizing terminology and ultimately bringing interoperability with other heritage databases closer to reality.
 Análise estatística interespecífica das espécies paranaenses (Brasil) de Plebeia (Apidae, Meliponini)
Authors: Joaquim Carlos Sena Maia
Published: August 2017

 Análise estatística interespecífica das espécies paranaenses (Brasil) de Plebeia (Apidae, Meliponini)
Effectiveness of Direct Instruction Learning Strategy Assisted by Mobile Augmented Reality and Achievement Motivation on Students Cognitive Learning Results
Authors: Buchori Achmad , Setyosari Punaji , Dasna I Wayan , Ulfa Saida , Degeng I Nyoman Sudana , Sa’dijah Cholis
Published: August 2017

The study aims are to determine whether there is a difference in the average learning outcomes between students who are subject to Direct instruction model aided by mobile augmented reality and Direct instruction model supported by non mobile augmented reality. The presence or absence of significant differences in cognitive learning outcomes between groups of students with high achievement motivation, moderate achievement motivation, and low achievement motivation group. There is no interaction between learning strategies and achievement motivation toward cognitive learning outcomes.Population in this research is all student of semester 1 academic year 2016/2017 Sample is taken by using sampling cluster random sampling technique in mathematics education study of Universitas PGRI Semarang. Methods of data collection in this study are obtained by using interview methods, test methods, and method documentation. The results showed that: (a) There were significant differences in cognitive learning outcomes between groups of students treated with direct instructional strategies with MAR and group of students who were treated with direct instruction learning strategies with non-MAR. (B) There is a significant difference of cognitive learning outcomes between groups of students with high achievement motivation, moderate achievement motivation and low achievement motivation group. (C) There is an interaction between learning strategies and achievement motivation toward cognitive learning outcomes.
Influence of 65G steel microstructure
on crack faces friction factor under
mode II fatigue fracture
Authors: Ivanytskyj Y.L. , Lenkovskiy T.M. , Molkov Y.V. , Kulyk V.V. , Duriagina Z.A.
Published: August 2017

Purpose: The aim of the paper is to evaluate the dependence of microstructure parameters,strength and plasticity of steel on crack faces friction factor.Design/methodology/approach: The specimens for the investigation were cut out fromthe 10 mm thick hot-rolled plate of 65G steel used as a model material for fatigue anddurability testing of whole-rolled railway wheels. The mechanical characteristics of the steelwere determined according to the state standard using cylindrical specimens of diameter5 mm and effective length 50 mm. The specimens were heat-treated at the mentionedconditions. Fatigue testing under mode II loading was carried out on a special rigid loadingmachine in the standard laboratory conditions at symmetric sinusoidal cycle with a frequencyof 12 Hz in the range of fatigue crack growth rates da/dN = 5∙10-8…5∙10-7 m/cycle untilits reaches relative length l/b ≥ 0.8. The obtained microsections were investigated using theoptical metallographic microscope Neophot 9 equipped with a digital camera Nikon D50 andelectronic scanning microscope Zeiss EVO 40XVP. Hardness of the specimens with differentmicrostructure was determined using durometer TK-2. The crack faces friction factor wasdetermined using original device for fractured surfaces sliding under certain compressionforce realizationFindings: The dependences of microstructure parameters, strength and plasticity of steelon crack faces friction factor are obtained.Research limitations/implications: The investigation of the influence of microstructureparameters, strength and plasticity of real wheel steels on crack faces friction factor at themode II fatigue crack growth will be carried out.Practical implications: The value of crack faces friction factor have strong impact onstress intensity at the crack tip and must be taken into account at crack growth rates curvesplotting.Originality/value: Mode II fatigue crack faces friction factor of steel is firstly experimentallydetermined.
Optical properties of soda-lime-silica
glasses doped with peanut shell powder
Authors: Aktas B. , Albaskar M. , Yalcin S. , Dogru K.
Published: August 2017

Purpose: Aim of this paper is to investigate the optical properties of soda-lime-silica (SLS) glasses which doped with different quantities of peanut shell (PS) powder.Design/methodology/approach: UV-Vis and Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy techniques are used to determine optical properties of glass.Findings: It was observed that the colorless and transparent pure SLS glass turned dark green in color with the addition of the PS powder. The glasses doped with PS powder contents 1 wt.% were translucent. The maximum absorption in the UV spectrum was observed at wavelengths of 306.20, 292.40, 280.20, and 303.20 nm for SLS glasses doped with PS powder contents of 0.5, 1, 3, and 5 wt.%, respectively. The UV-Vis spectroscopy results also indicated that the amount of light transmitted by the SLS glass decreased with increasing PS powder content. The FTIR absorption spectra of the PS powder-doped SLS glasses exhibited various bands corresponding to the symmetric and asymmetric stretching of the bridging oxygen atoms between the tetrahedra.Research limitations/implications: With the addition of the PS to the SLS glass, samples turned to dark green because of Fe2O3. Future researches must focus on this matter.Originality/value: PS powders are doped to investigate optical properties of glass. Thus, glasses, which have good properties such as economically cheap, bio-friendly, are produced from food wastes.
Analysis of weld bead characteristics
on GMAW by changing wire electrode
geometry
Authors: Sripriyan K. , Ramu M.
Published: August 2017

Purpose: Welding is one of the important processes for the manufacture of a wide varietyof products. Most of the manufactured products have to be produced by welding due to itsgreater productivity and economical viability. Still quality has to be enhanced in the products.To attain the perfect quality in weld a new attempt has been tried out while existing processare being optimized. In this direction, the conventional Gas Metal Arc Welding (GMAW) hasbeen developed to encourage high welding performance variant. Influence of changingfiller metal geometry is one of the ways to improve the capability of giving high depositionrate and penetration. Accordingly, a flat wire arc welding system has been developed andweld bead characteristic has been investigated. The overall results show that, the proposedtechnique of changing wire electrode geometry can be used effectively to improve the weldbead characteristics. In this article, how does a change in electrode geometry contribute tothe weld quality in manufacturing industries, is well- verified by experimental results, whichare also explored here.
Effect of diffusion borochromizing
on microstructure, microhardness
and corrosion resistance of tool steel
with different carbon content
Authors: Bartkowska A. , Bartkowski D. , Piasecki A.
Published: August 2017

Purpose: The aim of this paper is presents the study results concerning influence of
carbon content on the surface layer condition, microstructure, microhardness and corrosion
resistance of diffusion borochromized layer.
Design/methodology/approach: In paper the three types of tool steel were analysed:
CT90, 145Cr6 and 165CrV12. The borochromzing process was carried out in a powder
mixture containing B4C, Fe-Cr, Al2O3 at temperature 950°C for 6 h. The source of chromium
was Fe-Cr while the source of boron was B4C.
Findings: As a result of borochromizing process the layer with microstructure similar to
boronized layer was obtained. The thickness of the resulting surface layer was dependent
on the carbon content of steel. Microhardness of the borochromized layer was similar to
the microhardness of the boronized layer. Additionally the corrosion resistance tests in 5%
NaCl solution were performed using a potentiodynamic method. It was found that the best
corrosion resistance was characterized a layer on the steel with less carbon content.
Originality/value: Value of the paper is analysis of corrosion resistance by potentiodynamic
method of the tool steel with borochromized layer.
FINANCIAL FEASIBILITY OF SHORT ROTATION ENERGY CROPS
IN HUNGARY: A CASE STUDY
Authors: Deák Zsuzsanna , Ferencz Árpád
Published: August 2017

Biomass is a readily available, renewable and environmentally friendly source of energy.
Exploiting renewable organic matter for energy production is showing a growing tendency worldwide
including in Hungary. Forest plantations with large numbers of plants (short rotation coppices) that provide
a homogeneous, locally available raw material of various fast growing deciduous wood species are
broadly supported. In our research we have investigated the financial viability of a short rotation energy
forest plantation in the Kunság region of Hungary. Both the EU and Hungary provide economic incentives
for the creation and propagation of bio-energy producing facilities. Our results show that the enterprise
could not generate profit for the period examined without the help of such subsidies. There are several
obstacles that farmers are facing such as the initial high capital outlay, technological shortcomings of the
harvesting methods, high logistics costs and suppressed purchasing prices.
POTENTIAL OF AGRICULTURAL BIOMASS FOR ENERGY PRODUCTION
PURPOSES IN LUBELSKIE PROVINCE
Authors: Jędrejek Anna , Jarosz Zuzanna
Published: August 2017

The purpose of this paper was to estimate biomass and by-products from plant production (straw, hay, natural
fertilizer) in Lubelskie province, as well as demonstrate energy potential possible to obtain from maize as a co-substrate
for biogas production. The estimates and related assumptions show that this region has a high energy potential amounting
to 26 966.6 TJ/year, which can be gain from biomass and by-products from plant production. The area also possesses
significant sources of potential for agricultural biogas production and can provide 195 350.8 dam3/year biogas, which
may be converted into thermal energy – 5586.4 TJ/year or electricity – 1241 GWh/year.
PERCEPTION OF PROFESSIONAL CAREER IN AGRIBUSINESS BY STUDENTS FROM THE POZNAŃ UNIVERSITY OF LIFE SCIENCES – CASE STUDY
Authors: Kozera-Kowalska Magdalena , Uglis Jarosław
Published: August 2017

This paper includes the results of examination on the impact of selected factors on the perception of agribusiness as a place of work and career achievement of graduates. It was assumed that such influence have: education (level of completed studies) and sex. Collected data were obtained using an audit questionnaire which were analyzed statistically. Based on the research, it has been found that, in the opinion of the students, the ideal work should be in line with their interests, offer stable employment conditions, give pride to its performance, and guarantee high earnings and at the same time be in a friendly atmosphere. For the undesirable features of this work, the students considered: irregularity of working time, mobility requirement, it means features connected with high number and high pace of performance of duties. Based on the research, it was also found that working as a sales representative in agribusiness, while giving development opportunities, is not an attractive job offer for most of the respondents.
MOTIVES FOR UNDERTAKING INNOVATIVE ACTIVITY IN FARMS USING
LAND FROM THE AGRICULTURAL PROPERTY STOCK OF THE TREASURY
IN WARMIŃSKO-MAZURSKIE PROVINCE
Authors: Nasalski Zbigniew
Published: August 2017

The purpose of the research was to identify motives for undertaking innovative activity in farms using
land from the Agricultural Property Stock of the Treasury in Warmińsko-Mazurskie province. The subject
of the study was the opinions of farmers on the motives for undertaking innovative activity on their farms.
The study was conducted using the diagnostic survey method using the questionnaire survey. In the opinion
of the respondents, the most motivating pro-innovation impact was: the opportunity to increase sales,
increase profitability of the activity and reduce production costs.
THREAT OF SOCIAL EXCLUSION IN RURAL AREAS OF THE EUROPEAN
UNION COUNTRIES
Authors: Rosa Anna , Jakubowska Agnieszka
Published: August 2017

Social exclusion concerns all social and economic groups; however, it concerns chiefly the residents of rural areas
rather than the residents of towns. The aim of this paper is to present the problem of social exclusion in rural areas in
the European Union Countries. The authors in the study used the data available from Eurostat for EU Member States
(NUTS-1). For the purpose of this research, a synthetic index was also prepared. The characteristics of social exclusion
were based on objective factors, such as the scale of poverty, the level of unemployment and education. Analysis showed
that the problem of social exclusion couldn’t be considered from the point of view of the countries of the “old” and the
“new” Union. The analysis indicates that countries in Central and Eastern Europe, with a relatively well-educated
population, are much more at risk of poverty than those living in Western Europe.
Korepetycje uczniów jako przykład praktyki w polu edukacyjnym – Polska, Ukraina, Węgry
Authors: Długosz Piotr
Published: August 2017

The article aims at presenting the phenomenon of taking private lessons by secondary school leavers in Poland, Ukraine and Hungary. The research is an attempt to give an answer to the question of the scale of the phenomenon and its causes. In the research the survey method was used. The sample was of quota character. The research sample in Poland consisted of 3,479 respondents, 1,289 in Ukraine and 359 in Hungary. The collected data indicate that private lessons were taken by 52% of the respondents in Poland, 60% in Hungary and 71% in Ukraine. The results of correlative analysis indicate that private lessons were taken most often by the school leavers from the families of higher socio-economic status, having higher life aspirations and equipped with cultural capital with better average marks. Private lessons were taken more often in cities among students attending better schools. In the researched countries private lessons were taken in order to increase marks on the Matura exam as well as in order to get to a dream university. Perceiving private lessons as a “lifebelt” for students who lack knowledge was observed less often. Youth of higher status perceived private lessons as a strategy of building up advantage in the field of education.
Katedry pedagogiczne na uczelniach akademickich w II Rzeczypospolitej
Authors: Przeniosło Małgorzata
Published: August 2017

The interwar system of employing professors at academic schools was based on a limited number
of professorial chairs created by the state authorities. The aim of this study is to examine the
system itself and its functioning with relation to pedagogy chairs. They were divided into
associate chairs (where associate professors were employed) and, more prestigious, full chairs
for full professors. The main rules for their employment were formulated in the laws on academic
schools. The number of pedagogy chairs created by the Ministry of Religious Affairs and Public
Education was very small. This concerned other disciplines as well. Due to the limited number
of chairs, the manner of election raised a lot of controversy. The following factors influenced the
decision to entrust a chair to a particular professor: opinions collected from professors about
the most suitable candidates, academic achievements, possession of habilitation, and often the
influence of well-known professors who promoted their own co-workers.
Mężczyźni w pielęgniarstwie z perspektywy płci kulturowej
Authors: Domagała Przemysław , Kretowicz Katarzyna , Gaworska-Krzemińska Aleksandra
Published: August 2017

Nursing is a greatly feminised profession, especially in Poland. Low salaries are one of the reasons for the deficiency of nursing staff. Nursing is mainly associated with unprofessional housework that women traditionally performed free of charge. In addition, the necessity to enrol in higher education and the work environment discourage those who want to pursue studies in this profession. Increasing the number of men in nursing may improve this situation. For this purpose, the profession should be actively promoted to young people, thus breaking gender stereotypes. The reason for reluctance of men to join the nursing profession is discussed in the article.
Combined thermal, microstructural and
microchemical analysis of solidification
of Al25Si3Cu alloy
Authors: Guba P. , Gesing A. , Sokolowski J. , Conle A. , Sobiesiak A. , Kasprzak M.
Published: August 2017

Purpose: This paper present thermal and microstructural and microchemical analyses
were conducted on the unmodified experimental alloy Al20Si3Cu (B390.1) solidified in
the High Temperature Universal Metallurgical Simulator and Analyser (HT UMSA) under
atmospheric pressure (0.1 MPa) and a relatively low solidification rate (-1.2 K/s just after end
of solidification), for identification of the thermal events during solidification and the phases
in the as-cast structure. Design/methodology/approach: The HT UMSA platform, using a
low thermal mass stainless steel cup, enabled the acquisition of high resolution thermal
analysis data.
Design/methodology/approach: A new approach for de-convolution of the first
derivative thermal curves allowed detailed thermal and microstructural phase histories to be
documented for solidification of Al-Si alloys. Recently developed SEM/EDS methodology
allowed to determine composition and distribution of individual phases that are smaller than
the X–ray volume.
Findings: Simultaneous consideration of thermal microstructural and microchemical
information allowed detailed understanding of the series of events that take place during
solidification of Al casting alloy with complex chemistry. In our hypereutectic alloy we
document growth of Al(1) dendrites and formation of secondary Si(2) and Al(2) phases all at
temperatures higher than the binary equilibrium Al-Si eutectic temperature of 850 K.
Practical implications: Even at this slow solidification rate detailed understanding of
the solidification microstructure requires consideration of non-equilibrium processes during
solidification.
Originality/value: We propose an original set of hypotheses that consistently explain the
observed non-equilibrium solidification behaviour. Proof of these hypotheses is beyond the
scope of this work.
A Path Toward Regulatory Approval: Pipe Bursting Asbestos Cement Pipe With Encapsulation
Authors: Ambler Edward Alan
Published: August 2017

Using pipe bursting as opposed to open cut construction on asbestos cement pipe can save money and time, and is easier on the environment.
Mind the Gap
Authors: Plummer Jeanine D.
Published: August 2017

Our knowledge of drinking water and health has increased by leaps and bounds since the 1800s. But where is that knowledge coming from? Is it derived from research‐based inquires, or the practical implementation of water treatment facilities where we learn from experience? In the fields of education and health care, there is a recognized research‐to‐practice gap, in which there is a lack of knowledge transfer from researchers to practitioners.
Limits of Longitudinal Bending of C900 PVC Pipe
Authors: Winn Laurence B.
Published: August 2017

Data mining of the geographic information systems and asset management databases of a large water utility; field measurement of installed joint deflection; and a review of applicable AWWA standards and manufacturers' recommendations reveal alarming discrepancies between field practice and the limits of longitudinal bending for C900 polyvinyl chloride (PVC) pipe. Several case studies support these results. It is shown that quantitative quality control is required to ensure compliance with standards, but is largely absent from design considerations and field operations. Further investigation shows that installer cost exposure without the use of longitudinal bending is on the order of 1 to 8%, depending on required conformance to an ideal arc. The author concludes that PVC's combination of flexibility and low fracture resistance contributes to a record of abuse by installers and consequent low reliability, at least in the location studied. Proposed conditions for the controlled use of PVC are presented.
PREPARATION AND PROPERTIES OF RED CURRANT LEAVES EXTRACTS
Authors: Petrova Svetlana N. , Kantan Anastasiya D. , Yargunova Yuliya V.
Published: August 2017

The work is devoted to biological active substances in plants and their antioxidant activity. The study of biologically active substance, especially natural antioxidants is very important task. After several studies on the importance of antioxidants in biological systems by counteracting of oxidative stress that causes several human diseases such as atherosclerosis, diabetes mellitus, chronic inflammation, neurodegenerative disorders, and certain types of cancer have been conducted. There is a great interest of quantification of antioxidants and determination of antioxidant capacities of a number of specific food compounds. The main theme of work includes three subthemes. The first subtheme is the preparation of the extract; the second subtheme is the study of the composition of biologically active substances contained in the extract; and the third subtheme is the study of the properties of the extract. The primary objective of the investigation is to research properties of thick extracts of red currant leaves which were extracted with such organic solvents as acetone, hexane and ethyl alcohol. The tasks are qualitative and quantitative investigation of the thick extracts and determination of their inhibiting action on the process of free radicals formation in hydrophilic systems. For the qualitative analysis of thick extracts the method of optical spectroscopy is employed. Calculation method is used for the quantitative analysis. The most important stage of analyzing dense extracts is the verification of their antioxidant properties. This model of the oxidation reaction of adrenaline with air oxygen is used. The theoretical importance is application of the natural vegetable materials as the source of antioxidants for food stuffs. In comparison with synthetic materials they are less toxic. To sum it up, red currant leaves extracts contain a set of biological active substances (phenolic compounds, bioflavonoids, carotinoids, chlorophyll) capable of exerting an antioxidant effect, and they can be recommended in the food, cosmetic and pharmaceutical industries.Forcitation:Petrova S.N., Kantan A.D., Yargunova Yu.V. Preparation and properties of red currant leaves extracts. Izv. Vyssh. Uchebn. Zaved. Khim. Khim. Tekhnol. 2017. V. 60. N 7. P. 66-71.
THIOCYANATE COMPLEXES OF d-METALS: INFLUENCE OF CONCENTRATION OF KNCS AND NH4Cl ON A TYPE OF COORDINATION OF SCN-IONS BY FTIR SPECTROMETRY
Authors: Matveichuk Yulya V. , Rakhman’ko Evgeniy M.
Published: August 2017

By IR spectrometry thiocyanates aqueous solutions of divalent cations of cadmium, mercury, nickel, manganese, iron, zinc and cobalt were studied. It was found that cadmium (II), mercury (II), nickel (II), iron (II) thiocyanate ions coordinated by type thiocyanate, zinc (II) − according to the type isothiocyanate; cobalt (II) and manganese (II) coordination mode change depending on the concentration of potassium thiocyanate in a solution. These results are consistent with the theory of hard and soft acids and bases. Co2+ ions are intermediate acids, so they can coordinate with SCN− into two types; Zn2+ ions, although they belong to intermediate acids but have a strong affinity to nitrogen atoms, so thiocyanate group coordinated through nitrogen with Zn2+. Cations Hg2+ and Cd2+ are typical soft acids, so only coordinated SCN− ions through sulfur (as a mild base). Mn2+ ions can coordinate SCN− by two types. The effect of additives of the ammonium chloride ions on thiocyanate ions (0.5 mol/l) coordination with cobalt (II) ions was studie. With the increasing concentration of ammonium chloride in a solution a change occurs of coordination type with thiocyanate to isothiocyanate. It has been suggested that the increase in the concentration of potassium thiocyanate leads to the increase in the proportion of Co(NCS)42− and reduce the proportion of «free» water (unrelated with ions in the solution). Therefore, SCN− ions in the case Mn2+ and Co2+ oriented so that the hydrophobic sulfur atoms are external ones.Forcitation:Matveichuk Yu.V., Rakhman′ko E.M. Thiocyanate complexes of d-metals: influence of concentration of KNCS and NH4Cl on a type of coordination of SCN− ions by FTIR spectrometry. Izv. Vyssh. Uchebn. Zaved. Khim. Khim. Tekhnol. 2017. V. 60. N 7. P. 34-41.
SORPTION OF RED FOOD COLORING POLYMERS WITH MOLECULAR IMPRINTS
Authors: Zyablov Alexander N. , Khalzova Svetlana A. , Selemenev Vladimir F.
Published: August 2017

Polymers with molecular imprints are used as modifiers of the surface of piezoelectric sensors, so it is necessary to study their sorption properties. Isotherms of sorption of synthetic dyes with polymers with molecular imprint and their comparison polymers are obtained. The type of sorption isotherm is characteristic for polymeric materials with micro- and mesopores. The maximum sorption capacity of polymers in relation to dyes is determined, the areas of the projection of the dye molecules on the surface of the sorbent are estimated. With the sorption of multiply charged anionic dye particles, the surface of the sorbent acquires a partial negative charge, which makes it difficult to sorbate as the surface concentration of the sorbate increases. The efficiency of sorption of azo dyes by polymers with molecular imprint from aqueous solutions depends on the amount of ionized sulfo groups in the azo dye molecule, their location in the benzene ring, the symmetry of the dye molecule. Sorption of azo dye by polymers with molecular prints is mainly due to the formation of hydrogen bonds between the sulphonic group of the dye and the hydroxyl group of the sorbent. The area of the projections of molecules on the surface of the modified polymer for all the dyes does not exceed the calculated values of the areas of the molecules, which indicates a loose filling of the sorbent surface and it is probable that the orientation of the dye molecules in the adsorption layer is close to perpendicular to the surface of the sorbent. The values of extraction rates and distribution coefficients are determined, the imprinting factor is calculated. The highest imprinting factor was obtained for the azo dye Ponso 4R. It has been established that polymers with molecular imprinting based on polyimide have better sorption ability with respect to target molecules than their comparison polymers.Forcitation:Zyablov A.N., Khalzova S.A., Selemenev V.F. Sorption of red food coloring polymers with molecular imprints. Izv. Vyssh. Uchebn. Zaved. Khim. Khim. Tekhnol. 2017. V. 60. N 7. P. 42-47.
PROBLEMS AND PROSPECTS OF PRODUCTION AND QUALIFICATION OF PHOSPHORIC ACID
Authors: Smirnov Nicolay N. , Smirnova Daria N. , Ilyin Aleksandr P. , Kochetkov Sergey P.
Published: August 2017

The qualification of phosphoric acid is carried out depending on the use of phosphates of various deposits and the necessary quality of the final products. An acquisition of phosphoric acid of the required quality should be carried out taking into account three aspects: resource-energy, ecology and complex processing. Solving the problems of one aspect entails solving the problems of the other aspects. The rational use of natural resources and the reduction of environmental pollution is the determining factor in the choice of technological regimes for complex processing of raw materials with a reduction in the volume of waste of all kinds or transferring them into forms easily recyclable or specially stored. The absence of economically sound technologies for processing phosphogypsum determines its preferential warehousing. The second component that requires recycling is fluorine. In this regard, the purification of phosphoric acid from fluorine should use technologies that realize the trapping of fluorine compounds released into the gas phase. This is relevant from the point of view of the complexity of processing raw materials with the extraction of rare-earth elements. The use of mechanochemical activation makes it possible to achieve a nanoscale level. To a lesser extent, this aspect relates to the stage of sulfuric acid decomposition, proceeding with the participation of three phases: solid, liquid and gas. In turn, the surface structure of the gas-liquid layer plays the role of an energy barrier for evaporation. To establish the basic energy patterns of concentration and defluorination n the disc apparatus and to optimize the process, a thermophysical model was developed in which the range of effective parameters was determined by the joint solution of a number of equations for the desired ingredients in the phosphoric acid concentration range of 52-65%. The solution of the problem of complex purification of wet-process phosphoric acid can be carried out by adsorption methods that allow to remove to some extent almost all impurities.For citation:Smirnov N.N., Smirnova D.N., Ilyin A.P., Kochetkov S.P. Problems and prospects of production and qualification of phosphoric acid. Izv. Vyssh. Uchebn. Zaved. Khim. Khim. Tekhnol. 2017. V. 60. N 7. P. 48-56.
A Guidebook of Carbonate Laws in China and Kazakhstan: Review, Comparison and Case Studies
Authors: Liang Yu , Yuan Bin
Published: August 2017

As two of the most important oil and gas players in the world, China and Kazakhstan are experiencing similar CO2 issues related to oil and gas industry. Both countries have been benefiting from oil and gas industry, and striking to reduce the impacts of CO2 emission at the same time. The problem is how to increase the profits while decreasing the CO2 emissions, not only from technical perspective, but also from policy / legislation / permitting perspectives. However, currently there are few studies focusing on the oil and gas laws for these two countries. The objective of this study is to systematically review and compare oil and gas law frameworks, carbonate management, fiscal structures, and taxation systems between China and Kazakhstan.

Therefore, this paper first discusses in details about oil and gas laws in China and oil and gas laws in Kazakhstan, respectively; then a comparison study is conducted between these two countries. In addition, field cases with their fiscal statements are introduced and analyzed to explore the profitability of an oil company in those two counties under CO2 regulation. Finally, advantages and disadvantages of their law frames and fiscal systems are analyzed and discussed.

The royalty rate, taxation and bonuses in China are set in reasonable range subject to applicable laws. The disadvantages of Chinese oil and gas laws system lie in that (1) a windfall tax ranging from 20% to 40% with a threshold of $55/bbl is set in the fiscal system, which can prevent further investment when oil price is high; (2) the clauses and terms in contract system are not flexible enough; (3) an R factor (Columbian model) should be introduced to protect investment when oil price is low and government can receive more revenue when oil price is high; (4) NOC has the right to take over the production operations at any time once the foreign companies have recovered all costs with reasonable reimbursement based on the book values of tangible costs; (5) remittance policy is strict; (6) lack of the incentive for oil and gas industry to decrease CO2 emissions. By contrast, the royalty rate and taxation in Kazakhstan are set within a reasonable range subject to applicable laws. However, according to available and reliable sources, the royalty and bonuses are all negotiable. There is a trend that Kazakhstan government will decrease the relevant taxes rates and extend the tax-exempt range in order to encourage more carbonate investments.
Risk Based Approach to Identify the Leakage Potential of Wells in Depleted Oil and Gas Fields for CO2 Geological Sequestration
Authors: Zulqarnain Muhammad , Zeidouni Mehdi , Hughes Richard G.
Published: August 2017

The selection of depleted oil and gas fields as potential CO2 geological storage sites has both positive and negative aspects that need to be considered. The positives are that the storage capacity or pore volume can be reliably estimated from field's production history, and reservoir characterization can be performed with more readily available well, log or seismic data without additional expenses. The main drawback is the presence of wells in the field, as each well may provide a leakage pathway for injected CO2. The leakage potential of a well is a function of its proximity to injection wells, cement coverage in the potential storage zone, well abandonment conditions including cementing of the annular space, and the nature of any barriers to prevent CO2 leakage to the surface. Qualitative and quantitative risk-based approaches can be used to identify the wells that have comparatively higher leakage probabilities in comparison to other wells. The objective of this study is to use a risk-based approach to identify and categorize wells based on their leakage potential in depleted oil and gas fields. This will not only help in planning injection strategies but may also help in selection of remediation strategies. The model may be presented well by using the Fault Tree Analysis (FTA) technique. It implements screening criteria and a tier-based approach in which wells are screened and categorized into different tiers based on different well characteristics. The well characteristics include the physical distance from injection wells, the quality and portion of cement coverage of wells in the target zone, the regulations at the time of well completion, the leakage potential of sealing barriers for the targeted zone, the number of overlying shale and sand intervals and leakage of either CO2 or brine to shallower wells, the nature and quality of permanent or temporary well abandonment procedures, and the quality and length of annular space covered with cement for shallower well casings or sections. Existing models for well leakage are used to quantitatively estimate the leakage rate. The risk of leakage is presented qualitatively and quantitatively in the form of leaked CO2 volume to shallow aquifers or to the atmosphere. The approach is used for a representative depleted oil and gas field in southern Louisiana to show an example application of the process. The developed model provides a means to systemically identify the wells that are more likely to leak and have high consequences. Due to the reduced order nature of the tool, it should prove to be a useful tool in the planning and execution phase of the CO2 sequestration process.