bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Extent and pattern of paracetamol usage for children and knowledge and attitude towards its usage among parents attending an outpatient clinic in Warangal district of Telangana
Authors: Nithisha Thatikonda , Sharma Sarita K.
Published: May 2018

Background: Paracetamol is the commonest available analgesic and antipyretic. It is readily accessed from pharmacy and provisional shops as over the counter drug, misuse of which can result in serious side effects like hepatic injury. The incidence of paracetamol overdose and toxicity is increasing today in India. However, there is little research published on same. So the present study was carried out to identify the extent and pattern of paracetamol usage for children and the knowledge and attitude of parents towards it.Methods: Present cross sectional study was carried out in an outpatient clinic in Warangal district of Telangana among 183 parents whose child had suffered from fever within one month of attending the clinic. Data was collected by interview technique using a pre tested questionnaire and analyzed using EPI INFO 7 3.5.Results: Out of 183 subjects, 156 (85.2%) had given paracetamol (single and combination) for fever. Of these156, 39 (25%) gave excess dose than permitted for the weight of the child. 105 (58%) had self medicated. The dosage per day was significantly more in self medicaters (p≤0.01). 36 (23%) had the misconception that paracetamol overdose does not cause liver toxicity. 128 (89%) of 143 subjects who gave incorrect dosage stated that it is not harmful to self administer and they advise others to self medicate.Conclusions: The knowledge of daily dosage and side effects of paracetamol is poor. The overall view is “self medication of paracetamol is not harmful”. This attitude of caregivers may pose a potential risk for paracetamol overdose unless they are educated.
A cross sectional study of knowledge, attitude and practice on cardiovascular disease and its risk factors among anganwadi workers of Cuddalore district
Authors: Muthukrishnan Gopal , Kingston Christa , Ravikumar Arunmozhi
Published: May 2018

Background: India is facing the dual burden of communicable and non communicable diseases. The field level workers like anganwadi workers (AWW) have important role in creating awareness among people in fighting non communicable diseases. This study was an attempt to assess the prevalence of knowledge, attitude and practice of cardiovascular diseases among anganwadi workers and also to estimate the prevalence of obesity and hypertension among these workers.Methods: A total of 188 participants from 2 blocks of Cuddalore district were selected using multistagesampling technique. Each participant was given a pretested questionnaire to elicit their response and their height and weight was also measured. The Likert 3 scale was used to score their response. The statistical tool of Pearson correlation and Chi square was applied.Results: The mean (SD) age of the participants was 42.22 (10.56) years. The mean (SD) knowledge, attitude and practice score of study participants were 31.34 (5.6), 21.88 (1.97) and 8.03 (2.59) respectively. The prevalence of obesity in study sample was 43.1% and hypertension was 27.66%. There was a significant association of increasing age and obesity with hypertension (p<0.05). The study findings showed that there was a significant relationship between knowledge and attitude, attitude and practice (p<0.05) but knowledge and practice association was not statistically significant.Conclusions: Although knowledge and attitude of anganwadi workers of cardiovascular disease and its risk factors was adequate, the practice was found to be poor. The prevalence of obesity and hypertension was high.
A cross sectional study to assess the knowledge, attitude and practice towards road traffic safety among adolescent students of a selected Pre-University college in Raichur city
Authors: Ranjan Din Prakash , Fahim M. A. , Kirte Rahul C.
Published: May 2018

Background: Globally, road traffic injuries are estimated to be the leading cause of death among young people aged 15–29 years, and second leading cause of death in 10–14 years and 20–24 years age groups. The objective of the study is to assess the knowledge, attitude and practice towards road traffic safety among adolescent students of a selected Pre-University college in Raichur city.Methods: Cross-sectional study conducted among (372) adolescent students of a selected Pre-University college in Raichur city by using pre-tested, semi-structured questionnaire and analyzed using Epi-Info software. Chi-Square test was applied and level of significance was kept at P value of <0.05.Results: Mean age of the participants was 16.68±0.75. 196 participants (52.8%) had adequate knowledge on the road safety rules and regulations. Only 25 participants (7.7%) were driving with a valid driving license. The most common reason for motor vehicle accidents was high speed. Knowledge adequacy about road safety rules and regulations had statistically significant association with age and gender.Conclusions: Mere knowledge does not necessarily translate into improved traffic behavior as was seen in this study. School/college is the basic institution where we can formulate interventions. Continuous reinforcement and education reminding them of traffic rules can bring about a positive change and motivate them to strictly adhere to the traffic norms and help reduce the morbidity and mortality regarding road traffic accidents.
A community based study of neonatal mortality in Aligarh by using verbal autopsy
Authors: Chauhan Ambren , Shah M. Salman , Khalique Najam , Eram Uzma
Published: May 2018

Background:Neonatal mortality rate is regarded as an important and sensitive indicator of the health status of a community. Children face the highest risk of dying in their first month of life. The present study was aimed to 1) determine the prevalence of neonatal mortality rate 2) identify socio-biological factors in relation to neonatal mortality.3) determine the causes of neonatal mortality. Methods:A community based cross sectional study was conducted in the field practice areas of Department of Community Medicine, AMU, Aligarh. All the live births and all neonatal deaths were taken for one year from June 2016 to May 2017. A standard Verbal autopsy questionnaire (WHO 2012) was used as a study tool. Results:The prevalence of neonatal mortality rate was38.2/1000 live births. The early neonatal mortality rate was 28.3/1000 live births and late neonatal mortality rate was 9.9/1000 live births. The associated socio –biological factors were gender [OR-2.381, 95% CI-1.037-5.468], birth order [OR-4.090, 95% CI-1.119-14.946] and gestational age [OR-12.62, 95% CI-3.26-48.82]. The leading causes of deaths among newborns were preterm births (22.2%), birth asphyxia (22.2%), other causes (19%), ARI (14.3%), congenital anomalies (14.3%) and diarrhoeaandneonatal sepsis accounted for (4.8%) each. Conclusions: The neonatal mortality rate assessed by verbal autopsy is higher than nationally reported. Most of the deaths were in early neonatal period. There is a need for programs encouraging the use of antenatal care, encouraging institutional deliveries and care of LBW neonates; as well as implementation of community-based newborn survival strategies.
A study to assess feedback of patients who received benefit of Rajeev Gandhi Jeevandayi Arogya Yojana during first year of phase I in a private tertiary care network hospital in Maharashtra
Authors: Katke Praveen H. , Wadke Rishikesh A. , Waigankar Prasad J.
Published: May 2018

Background:Rajeev Gandhi Jeevandayi Arogya Yojana (RGJAY) is a government initiated cashless Health Insurance Scheme. The scheme’s objective is to improve health care access through an identified network of health care providers. MGM Medical College is one of the network hospitals in Raigad District of Maharashtra, India. This study is aimed at assessing feedback of patients who received benefit of this scheme. Methods:A total of 884 pre-authorizations were approved during the study period. As a 10 percent random sample, feedback letters received were analyzed for 91 patients. The responses obtained were in local language. Telephonic validations were done wherever needed. Response categories were standardized and coded. Analysis was done using Epi-info software. Results:Complete improvement in ailment was felt by 76 (83.5%) respondents while 12 (13.2%) mentioned partial improvement. Though all patients felt that scheme should continue, 37 (40.7%) said they had faced issues related to scheme. If free treatment would not have been received under the scheme, a majority of patients (56%) felt they would have succumbed to their illness while 32 (35.2%) patient had thought of selling their assets or taking loan for covering treatment expenses. Only 5 (5.5%) patients said they would have gone to Government or Charitable hospital in absence of the scheme. Conclusions:The scheme acts as an important social security measure as many poor patients would not have sought medical treatment in absence of this scheme. However there is a scope for improvement to reduce the hurdles for better scheme utilization.
Awareness about rabies among general population and treatment seeking behaviour following dog-bite in rural Puducherry: a community based cross-sectional study
Authors: Krishnamoorthy Yuvaraj , M. Vijayageetha , Sarkar Sonali
Published: May 2018

Background: India contributes to one-third of rabies death globally. Despite the efforts taken by government, Rabies incidence in India has been constant for over a decade. Hence, there is need to assess the awareness and treatment-seeking behaviour which will help to plan strategies to prevent rabies related deaths. The objective of the study was to assess the awareness about rabies among general population and to determine the treatment-seeking behaviour and adherence to anti-rabies vaccine among victims of dog-bite in rural PuducherryMethods: Community based cross-sectional study was conducted during November 2016 in rural Puducherry. 386 individuals were covered in four villages. Information on socio-demographic characteristics and awareness regarding rabies, treatment-seeking behaviour and adherence to anti-rabies vaccine among dog-bite victims was collected using pre-tested questionnaire.Results: Among 386 participants, 244 (63.2%) were in the age group 31-60 years, 259 (67.1%) were females, 103 (26.7%) had no formal-education. About 68% were found to have adequate knowledge regarding rabies but only 49.5% were aware of local wound-management and 237 (61.4%) showed a positive attitude towards vaccination following scratches/lick over abraded skin. Among 27 (6.9%) with history of dog-bite in last one-year, 17 (62.9%) had taken first-aid measures. All 27 (100%) had visited hospital out of which 24 (88.8%) adhered to vaccination schedule.Conclusions: Although two-thirds of the study populations were found to have adequate knowledge regarding rabies, half of them had no knowledge regarding first-aid measures. Although all dog bite victims visited hospital, some did not adhere to the schedule mainly due to negligence. Hence, there is need to create awareness regarding wound management and post-exposure immunization.
Potential of the Aspergillus labruscus ITAL 22.223 as a producer of cellulolytic enzymes and xylanase under solid-state fermentation
Authors: Maestrello Chadia Chahud , Guimarães Luis Henrique Souza
Published: May 2018

Background: The enzymatic hydrolysis of the lignocellulosic biomass to obtain saccharides that can be used for the production of bioethanol is an important field in the renewable energy area. For this purpose, fungal cellulases and xylanases can be applied.

Methods: Aspergillus labruscus ITAL 22.223 was cultured under SSF with agroindustrial residues and by-products as substrates, humidified with different moistening agents, at different proportions (1:0.5, 1:1, 1:1.5 and 1:2; m/v), for different periods (24-216 h) at 25ºC. The extract obtained was used for determination of the cellulase and xylanase activities. The influence of temperature, pH and different compounds on xylanase activity was analyzed.  

Results: A. labruscus produced cellulases and xylanase under solid-state fermentation (SSF) using agroindustrial by products and residues as carbon source/substrates. The best production of β-glucosidase (6.3 U/g of substrate) was obtained in the presence of rye bran, whereas for the CMCase it was in the presence of crushed soybean (5.1 U/g of substrate) and xylanase using oat bran (74.8 U/g of substrate) as substrates, for 168 h of cultivation at 25ºC. Considering the high xylanase production, the best moistening agent and its proportion (tap water, 1:2 m/v) were determined. Optimum of temperature and pH for xylanase activity was determined as 55ºC and pH 5.5. The xylanase activity was inhibited by different salts, with exception of MnSO4. It was also inhibited by organic solvents, detergents, EDTA, urea and β-mercaptoethanol.

Conclusions: The fungus A. labruscus presented potential to produce enzymes from the cellulolytic complex and xylanase using low cost substrates.
Breast cancer among young girls: a KAP study conducted in Lahore
Authors: Khalid Amna , Hassnain Shamaila , Gakhar Hafsah , Khalid Badar , Zulfiqar Fatima , Wahaj Ahmed
Published: May 2018

Background: Breast cancer is the second most frequently occurring malignant tumour. It's a progressive disease hence gradually developing into more fatal form from very small lesion. Knowledge and awareness about risk factors, symptoms and screening methods reduces the mortality and morbidity.

Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted in Lahore. Data was collected anonymously on self-administrated questionnaire regarding awareness and knowledge about risk factors, presentations of breast cancer and screening practices about breast self-examination (BSE), clinical breast examination (CBE) and mammography.  

Results: A total of 400 females participated in this study. 34% had heard of BSE, 30% of CBE and 29.5% of the mammography. Only 21.8% had ever performed BSE and 14% had ever received CBE. On enquiring the reasons for not performing BSE 29% did not know how to do it and 14.3% indicated embarrassment as the cause of not performing CBE. Regarding the source of information internet was identified as the most popular one (64.8%) followed by breast cancer campaigns (58.5%). Participants had inadequate knowledge about risk factors and its presentations. There is much lack of information about mammography but participants were aware of the age (35-40years) to start this screening procedure.

Conclusions: Our studies revealed lack of awareness and knowledge with regard to breast cancer and it screening methods. There is utmost need to enhance the awareness and encouraging the performance of BSE, CBE and mammography among females from very young age to reduce its incidence.
Pigmentary demarcation lines: a clinical profile of 50 subjects and report of new pattern of pigmentation observed
Authors: Antony Anju , Kumar Pramod
Published: May 2018

Background: Pigmentary demarcation lines (PDL) correspond to a border of abrupt transition between the more deeply pigmented skin of the outer surfaces and the lighter inner surfaces. On the basis of their location they have been classified into eight types, type A to type H. The present study is an attempt to obtain a better understanding of the clinical types of pigmentary demarcation lines in Indians, and to report any previously undescribed patterns of pigmentation.

Methods: Patients attending the Outpatient Department for various complaints were examined for the presence of pigmentary demarcation lines, and those with pigmentary demarcation lines were analysed further.

Results: 50 subjects of Fitzpatrick skin types 4 and 5, with pigmentary demarcation lines were examined in detail. The various types of pigmentary demarcation lines seen were Type A (38%), Type B (14%), Type C (24%), Type F (22%), Type G (4%), Type H (4%). All types were more common in females with the exception of Type C, which was observed only in males. Type D and Type E PDL were not observed in any of the subjects screened.

Conclusions: The most common type of PDL observed in our study was Type A PDL, followed by Type C PDL. The youngest subject was 2 years old, the oldest was aged 75.The majority were seen in adults; Type A and Type C PDL were the common types seen in children. A family history of PDL was present in 5 (10%) and all were females. A hitherto undescribed pigmentary demarcation line is also described along with this study.
Bending of Super-Elliptical Mindlin Plates by Finite Element Method
Authors: ALTEKİN Murat
Published: May 2018

Bending of shear deformable super-elliptical
plates under transverse load was investigated using the Mindlin plate theory by
means of the finite element method. Four-noded isoparametric quadrilateral
plate bending element with three degrees of freedom per node was used.
Parametric results for the maximum deflections were presented via sensitivity
analysis for several geometric characteristics such as thickness, aspect ratio,
and super-elliptical power. Good agreement with the solutions of elliptical and
rectangular plates was obtained using fine mesh. The results revealed that the
deflections of clamped and point supported super-elliptical plates lie in the
range bounded by elliptical and rectangular plates. However, the bending
response of simply supported plates was observed to be entirely different. It
was shown that high rate of convergence is required to obtain such a relation
and using insufficient number of degrees of freedom results in finding a
totally different trend for the clamped case.
O MODO DRAMÁTICO DE ROMAGEM DE AGRAVADOS
Authors: Pontes Roberto
Published: May 2018

Romagem de Agravados é considerado um auto-chave da dramaturgia de Gil Vicente. Na Romagem aproveita a estrutura de um rito de procissão religiosa cuja ação se desenvolve aos pares de personagens. Através do ridendo castigat mores e sob a fina ironia do fundador do teatro português, condutas humanas maléficas são apontadas, a título de exemplo, em diferentes estamentos sociais marcadamente profissionais. O roteiro da ação é simples, mas reiterado, e aos poucos a cena se preenche como os diversos pares de agravados, tudo culminando numa louvação, ou “lai mecenático” ao nascimento de um Príncipe Infante do Reino português. A estrutura desse auto vicentino é a que se pretende analisar no presente artigo.
“WE’LL PLAY GOD TONIGHT”: A POTÊNCIA REDENTORA NO/DO TEATRO DE T. WILLIAMS
Authors: Santana Esther Marinho
Published: May 2018

Em Suddenly Last Summer (1958), Sebastian Venable compreende o divino como uma força brutal, que incorpora e celebra em sua violenta morte. Em The Night of the Iguana (1961), Deus aparece novamente atrelado à crueldade, terminando, porém, anulado por T. Lawrence Shannon. Estabelece-se, em ambos os títulos, a sugestão de uma imagem divina impiedosa, que, se aceita e contemplada em isolamento, culminará em atrocidades. No entanto, se ressignificada e partilhada, transforma-se em potência humana, solidária e salvífica. A redefinição do divino ocorre, pois, por meio da linguagem verbal e da cena teatral, ou seja, tais peças de Tennessee Williams expõem e oferecem uma redenção possível apenas pela criação literária, na experiência coletiva do teatro.  
OS FLAGRANTES LÍRICOS NA ÉPICA CAMONIANA
Authors: Cerqueira Leonildo , Martins Elizabeth Dias
Published: May 2018

É comum dividirmos os textos literários de acordo com os gêneros lírico, épico e dramático. Entretanto, de acordo com Emil Staiger (1977), essa divisão não pode ser considerada de modo estanque. Para ele, todos os textos possuem traços de cada um desses gêneros, então, resta-nos classificá-los conforme a predominância do gênero em cada caso particular. Partindo, portanto, disso, investigaremos no poema camoniano Os Lusíadas — predominantemente épico —, os traços de escrita lírica. Para tanto, lançaremos mão dos principais episódios da epopeia, a saber, “Inês de Castro”, “Gigante Adamastor”, “Ilha dos Amores” e “Velho do Restelo”. Nos três primeiros, a projeção subjetiva é denunciada pelo lamento do sujeito lírico que narra seus infortúnios, geralmente em torno da matéria amorosa, ou pela reflexão valorativa da própria voz poética, como ocorre no episódio do Restelo, em que personagem e poeta confundem-se quanto ao modo de encarar os empreendimentos marítimos. Buscamos, dessa maneira, identificar onde, como e com que intensidade se instaura o lirismo na obra, observando, em especial, pontos considerados substancialmente líricos segundo alguns autores a exemplo de Cleonice Berardinelli (2000), Hernâni Cidade (1985) e Linhares Filho (1980). Pretendemos, com isso, demonstrar ser possível haver um texto épico marcado pelo lirismo, sem perder o tom grandiloquente e pomposo apropriados ao gênero preponderante.

 

Palavras-chave: Lírica. Épica. Camões. Os Lusíadas.
DESIDERIUM – POR UMA DRAMATURGIA TRANS
Authors: Vieira de Lima Silva Jerônimo
Published: May 2018

Este artigo tem como objetivo refletir sobre os aspectos de teatralidade (PARDO, 2011) e performatividade (BUTLER, 2015) presentes no fenômeno transexual (BENTO, 2008) a partir do texto teatral Desiderium (SILVA, 2017) no qual acompanhamos a trajetória de uma personagem em seu devir (DELEUZE & GUATARRI, 1966). Procuramos estabelecer possíveis diálogos entre as questões de gênero e identidade e os processos criativos do ator e da cena contemporânea. Percebemos, no entanto que a performatividade existente no devir-trans estabelece estreita relação com o fenômeno de metamorfose presente no ator em seu devir-personae-dramatis, bem como com a presença dos aspectos híbridos da cena contemporânea.  Algumas leituras dramatizadas de Desiderium foram realizadas, a partir das quais podemos perceber que o teatro se constitui em importante instrumento de reflexão sobre as questões de gênero e identidade, assim como compreender as transformações e novas compreensões sobre a linguagem teatral. A investigação apontou que as artes performativas e contemporâneas podem ser importantes instrumentos de abordagem de temas como o da transexualidade e um contributo fundamental para a construção de uma sociedade mais inclusiva e diversa.
Effectivity of prebiotic mannan oligosaccharides as the immunity enhancer and growth response on whiteleg shrimp Litopenaeus vannamei against white spot disease
Authors: Prastiti Linuwih Aluh , Yuhana Munti , Widanarni Widanarni,
Published: May 2018

ABSTRACT This study aimed to evaluate the immune response and growth performance of white shrimp administered with prebiotic mannan oligosaccharides (MOS) with dosages of (0%, 0.2%, 0.4%, and 0.8% in diet) and used in the feeding trial. Shrimps (Litopenaeus vannamei) (the initial average weight was 3.416±0.064 g) were fed at satiation, three times a day. A completely randomized design was used  in the study. Shrimps were cultured at the stock density of 15 shrimps 40/L for each treatment in triplicates. After 30 days of the feeding trial, shrimp were challenged with white spot syndrome virus filtrate by intramuscular injection. The total gut bacteria, total haemocyte count (THC), phenoloxydase (PO), and respiratory burst (RB) activity were observed 4 times, before the experiment, day 30th before challenge test, day 32nd after challenge test, and day 36th the end of the experiment. The shrimp survival was observed at day 36th to evaluate the immune responses. The results showed that THC, PO activity, RB activity, growth performance, and shrimp survival administered with prebiotic 0.8% were significantly higher (P<0.05) than control. The administration of prebiotic with dose 0.8% was the best result and could effectively improve the immune responses and growth performance of whiteleg shrimp. Keywords: prebiotic, whiteleg shrimp, white spot disease  ABSTRAK Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk mengevaluasi respons imun dan performa pertumbuhan pada udang vaname yang diberi prebiotik mannan-oligosaccharides (MOS) dengan dosis berbeda (0%, 0,2%, 0,4%, dan 0,8%) pada pakan. Udang vaname (Litopenaeus vannamei) (dengan rata-rata bobot 3,41 ± 0,06 g) diberi pakan tiga kali sehari secara at satiation. Penelitian ini menggunakan rancangan acak lengkap. Udang dipelihara dengan kepadatan 15 ekor per 40/L pada setiap perlakuan dengan tiga kali pengulangan. Setelah 30 hari pemberian pakan, udang diuji tantang menggunakan white spot syndrome virus dengan diinjeksi secara intramuskular. Total bakteri usus, total haemocyte count (THC), aktivitas phenoloxydase (PO), dan aktivitas respiratory burst (RB) diamati 4 kali, yaitu sebelum perlakuan hari ke-30 sebelum uji tantang, hari ke-32 setelah uji tantang, dan hari ke-36 pada akhir penelitian. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa THC, aktivitas RB, aktivitas PO, performa pertumbuhan, dan kelangsungan hidup yang diberi prebiotik dengan dosis 0,8% lebih tinggi (P<0,05) jika dibandingkan dengan kontrol (dosis 0%). Pemberian prebiotik dengan dosis 0,8% merupakan hasil terbaik dan secara efektif mampu meningkatkan respons imun dan performa pertumbuhan pada udang vaname. Kata kunci: prebiotik, udang vaname, white spot disease
Ahlat’ın Kültürel Turizm Potansiyeli Üzerine Bir Araştırma
Authors: Köşker Hasan
Published: May 2018

Son
yıllarda dünyada kültür turizmine olan talep artarak devam etmektedir. Türkiye
tarihi geçmişi, kültürel zenginlikleri bakımından dünyanın en önemli kültür ve
medeniyet merkezlerinden birisidir. Buna rağmen Türkiye’nin kültür turizmi
pazarındaki payı, dünya ortalamasının oldukça gerisindedir. Bu araştırmanın
amacı tarihin, kültürün ve geleneğin beşiği olan Ahlat’ın kültürel turizm
potansiyelinin tanıtılmasına katkıda bulunmaktır. Araştırma verileri doküman
incelemesi, gözlem ve yüz yüze görüşmeler elde edilmiştir. Ahlat, Orta Asya
Türk kültürü ile Anadolu Türk kültürü arasında bir köprü görevi üstlenmekte ve
Türklerin sosyo-kültürel özellikleri hakkında önemli ip uçları veren bir açık
hava müzesi niteliğindedir. Araştırma, tarihin en büyük İslam mezarlığı olan
Selçuklu Mezarlığı ile Türklerin anıt mezar geleneğini yansıtan kümbetlerin Ahlat’ın
en önemli kültürel değerlerinden olduğunu ortaya koymaktadır.
Terceme-i Tevârîh-i Şeref Hân: Şem’î (İnceleme, Metin, Özel İsimler Dizini)
Authors: ASLANOĞLU Osman
Published: May 2018

Bu çalışmada Dr. Adnan Oktay’ın Terceme-i Tevârîh-i Şeref Hân: Şem’î (İnceleme-Metin-Özel İsimler Dizini) adlı eseri tanıtılacaktır. Nûbihar Yayınları tarafından 2016’da yayınlanan eser, 1597 yılında Şeref Hân-ı Bitlisî tarafından Farsça olarak yazılmış Şeref-nâme’nin1682 tarihindeki ikinci Osmanlıca çevirisidir. Kürtler hakkında antropolojik, sosyolojik ve etnografik bilgiler içeren bu kitap 304 sayfa olup karton kapaklı olarak tasarlanmış, birinci hamur kâğıda basılmıştır. Kitabın ön ve arka kapağında Şeref-nâme’de yer alan minyatürler kullanılmış ve bununla kitabın tarihî olayları konu edindiği belirtilmiştir. Arka kapağında verilen minyatürün üzerinde kitap ve yazarı hakkında tanıtıcı bir metin verilmiştir. Bu metinde Mütercim Şem’î’nin nerede yaşadığı, eseri kimin için hazırladığı ve eserdeki asıl tercüme edilmiş metnin dışında farklı ek bilgilere de yer verildiği belirtilmiştir.
Desafios conceituais e tendências da evasão no ensino superior
Authors: Lima Franciele Santos de , Zago Nadir
Published: May 2018

O número de matrículas no ensino superior brasileiro dobrou na última década, entretanto as estatísticas demonstram que menos da metade dos ingressantes conseguem concluir o curso no prazo regular de duração. Entre as principais causas para o baixo número de diplomados está a evasão estudantil, tema que tem desafiado muitos pesquisadores. Objetivando compreender como se configura o fenômeno da evasão em instituições comunitárias, cenário pouco explorado nas pesquisas sobre evasão no ensino superior, realizamos uma pesquisa exploratória, apoiada, sobretudo em dados quantitativos, acerca das entradas e saídas de estudantes, no período de 2005 a 2014 em uma universidade comunitária da região Oeste de Santa Catarina. Entre os resultados obtidos destacamos que: 1) não há um consenso acerca do conceito de evasão, em muitos casos este se encontra associado à outras situações como a mobilidade estudantil. 2) Na instituição pesquisada, em 10 anos, o número de saídas (36.250) foi superior ao de entradas registradas (25.506). 3) Em geral a instituição opera com 05 formas de saída ou modalidades de evasão: trancamento, cancelamento, abandono e as transferências internas e externas, na maioria delas, verificamos que houve uma queda no numero de casos no período analisado, em média -56%, exceto os cancelamentos que apresentaram um aumento de 73%. Por fim, constatamos que estudar a evasão no ensino superior nos permite compreender sua complexidade e abrangência nos diferentes cenários em que se apresenta.
Boldine Improves Kidney Damage in the Goldblatt 2K1C Model Avoiding the Increase in TGF-β
Authors: Gómez Gonzalo I. , Velarde Victoria
Published: May 2018

Boldine, a major aporphine alkaloid found in Chilean boldo tree, is a potent antioxidant. Oxidative stress plays a detrimental role in the pathogenesis of kidney damage in Renovascular hypertension (RVH). The activation of the Renin-Angiotensin System (RAS) is crucial in the development and progression of hypertensive renal damage and TGF-β is closely associated with the activation of RAS. In the present study, we assessed the effect of boldine on the progression of kidney disease using the 2K1C hypertension model and identifying mediators in the RAS such as TGF-β, that could be modulated by this alkaloid. Toward this hypothesis, rats (n=5/group) were treated with boldine (50mg/kg/day, gavage) for 6 weeks after 2K1C surgery (pressure≥180mmHg). Kidney function was evaluated by measuring of proteinuria/creatininuria ratio (U prot/U Crea), oxidative stress (OS) by measuring thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARS). The evolution of systolic blood pressure (SBP) was followed weekly. α-SMA and Col III were used as markers of kidney damage; ED-1 and Osteopontin (OPN) as markers of inflammation. We also explored the effect in RAS mediators, such as ACE-1 and TGF-β. Boldine treatment reduced UProt/UCrea ratio, plasma TBARS and slightly reduced SBP in 2K1C hypertensive rats, producing no effect in control animals. In 2K1C rats treated with boldine the levels of α-SMA, Col III, ED-1 and OPN were lower when compared to 2K1C rats. Boldine prevented the increase in ACE-1 and TGF-β in 2K1C rats, suggesting that boldine reduces kidney damage. These results suggest that boldine could potentially be used as a nutraceutic.
Rough Noise-Filtered Easy Ensemble for Software Fault Prediction
Authors: Riaz Saman , Arshad Ali , Jiao Licheng
Published: May 2018

Software fault prediction is the very consequent research topic for software quality assurance. Data driven approaches provide robust mechanisms to deal with software fault prediction. However, the prediction performance of the model highly depends on the quality of dataset. Many software datasets suffers from the problem of class imbalance. In this regard, under-sampling is a popular data pre-processing method in dealing with class imbalance problem, Easy Ensemble (EE) present a robust approach to achieve a high classification rate and address the biasness towards majority class samples. However, imbalance class is not the only issue that harms performance of classifiers. Some noisy examples and irrelevant features may additionally reduce the rate of predictive accuracy of the classifier. In this paper, we proposed two-stage data pre-processing which incorporates feature selection and a new Rough set Easy Ensemble scheme. In feature selection stage, we eliminate the irrelevant features by feature ranking algorithm. In the second stage of a new Rough set Easy Ensemble by incorporating Rough K nearest neighbor rule filter (RK) afore executing Easy Ensemble (EE), named RKEE for short. RK can remove noisy examples from both minority and majority class. Experimental evaluation on real-world software projects, such as NASA and Eclipse dataset, is performed in order to demonstrate the effectiveness of our proposed approach. Furthermore, this paper comprehensively investigates the influencing factor in our approach. Such as, the impact of Rough set theory on noise-filter, the relationship between model performance and imbalance ratio etc. comprehensive experiments indicate that the proposed approach shows outstanding performance with significance in terms of area-under-the-curve (AUC).
Pressure Detrending in Harmonic Pulse Test Interpretation: When, Why and How
Authors: Viberti Dario , Salina Borello Eloisa , Verga Francesca
Published: May 2018

In reservoir engineering, one of the main sources of information for the characterization of reservoir and well parameters is well testing. Among the unconventional well testing methodologies, Harmonic Well Testing (HPT) is appealing from an economic standpoint because it could provide well performance and reservoir behavior monitoring without having to interrupt field production. Recorded pressure analysis is performed in the frequency domain by adopting a derivative approach similar to conventional well testing. To this end, pressure and rate data must be decomposed into harmonic components. Test interpretability can be significantly improved if pressure data are detrended prior to interpretation, filtering out non periodic events such as discontinuous production from neighboring wells and flow regime variations which did not respect the designed test periodicity. Therefore, detrending offers the possibility of overcoming the limitation of HPT applicability due to the difficulty of imposing a regularly pulsing rate for the whole test duration (typically lasting several days). This makes HPT attractive for well performance monitoring, especially in gas storage fields. In this paper, the application of different detrending methodologies to synthetic HPT pressure data generated in different reservoir and operational scenarios is presented and discussed. Moreover, a real case application is also presented.
Isolation of Ferulic Acid from Leaves of Mindi (Melia azedarach L.) and Its Antioxidant Activity Test
Authors: Listyo Andriyani Budi , Kusrini Dewi , Fachriyah Enny
Published: May 2018

Mindi (Melia azedarach L.) is one of a plant from Meliaceae family and has been known for its bioactive compound, such as ferulic acid. On this study, the isolation of ferulic acid and antioxidant activity test has been conducted. The aim of this study was to isolate the ferulic acid on ethanol extract of Melia azedarach L. leaves, determine the ferulic acid content and antioxidant activity test qualitatively. The method used in this research was isolation with hydrolysis (acid and base) and without hydrolysis, determining the phenolic acid content using TLC scanner instrument and antioxidant activity test qualitatively using DPPH radical reduction method. According to the identification using TLC and TLC scanner, the base hydrolysis fraction (HB), acid hydrolysis (HA), and without hydrolysis (HA) of ethanol extract from Melia azedarach L. was suspected contain the ferulic acid compound. The analysis result using TLC scanner was known to have ferulic acid content on HB, HA, and TH fraction of 15.57%,12.17%, and 9.56%, respectively. This study showed that hydrolysis affected the phenolic acid content where the HB fraction produced higher ferulic acid than HA and TH fraction. The antioxidant activity test that has been conducted qualitatively showed that ferulic acid isolates contained on each fraction actively reduce the DPPH radical.
Development of Applicative-Integrative Student Worksheet Based on Scientific Approach on Reaction Rate Subject
Authors: Mutmainah Siti , Usman Usman , Nurhadi Mukhamad
Published: May 2018

This research aimed to design applicative-integrative student worksheet based on scientific approach, which was applied to the learning process by using guided inquiry learning model. The worksheet was properly assessed from three aspects. There were validity, effectivity and practicality. The approach used in this research was ADDIE approach (Analysis, Design, Development, Implementation and Evaluation) with Embedded Mixed Methods. The stages of this research were extraction of potentials and problems, designing student worksheet, validation by experts including media, subjects, and practitioners, then testing the student worksheet. The results showed that the student worksheet was appropriate based on the analysis of the data obtained. This student worksheet was feasible to be implemented in the learning process of chemistry class, particularly reaction rate subject. The result of this research showed that validity, effectivity and practicality obtained 93.9, 83.1, and 94.3%, respectively.

 
Çevre Mühendisliği Eğitiminde Ekosistem/Havza Yönetimi Bilincinin Önemi
Authors: Yılmaz Vedat
Published: May 2018

Öncelikle sağlıklı içme suyu temini ve atıksuların
uzaklaştırılması üzerinde yoğunlaşmış olan çevre mühendisliği pek çok farklı
mühendislik disiplinin çalışma alanını bünyesinde barındırmakla birlikte, 70’li
yıllardan bu yana gelinen süreçte altyapı faaliyetleri, iklim değişimi, atık
yönetimi, iş ve işçi sağlığı, çevre yönetimi gibi çok geniş bir alanda mesleki
çalışmalar yürütmektedir. Değişen teknolojik yaklaşımlar ve toplumsal
gereksinimlere koşut olarak mühendislik uzmanlık alanları da yıllar içerisinde
değişim ve dönüşüm geçirmektedir. Her türlü çevre sorunu yerel sınırların
ötesinde olup, mühendislik uygulamalarının ekosisteme etkisinin bütüncül
etkileşimlerini küresel ölçekte anlayabilmek
gerekmektedir. Örneğin, aynı nehir havzasında birbiri ardı sıra inşa edilen
büyük barajların yanı sıra onlarca nehir tipi hidroelektrik santrali projeleri
de hayata geçirilmektedir. Her bir baraj ve santralin tekil çevresel riskleri
dikkate alınması yeterli olmamakta, domino etkisi ile çok daha büyük küresel sorunların
bir parçası olup olmayacağı modellenebilmelidir. Bu amaçla faaliyetlerin
ekosistem üzerinde oluşturacağı etkilerini anlamak üzere Çevresel Etki
Değerlendirmesi (ÇED), Çevresel Risk Değerlendirmesi (ÇRD) ve Yaşam Döngü
Analizi (YDA) gibi araçlarla değerlendirilmesi kaçınılmazdır. Bugün ülkemizde
52 üniversitede bulunan çevre mühendisliği bölümünün
46’sında lisans eğitimi verilmekte olup, bu bölümlerde hem ders müfredatı hem
de öğretim üyelerinin uzmanlık alanları çok farklılık göstermektedir. Dolayısıyla
çevre yönetimi bilgi birikimi ve deneyimi aynı düzeyde olamamaktadır. Bu amaçla
başta Mühendislik Eğitim Programları Değerlendirme ve
Akreditasyon Derneği (MÜDEK) akreditasyon süreçlerine bu yönde ölçüt
getirilmelidir. Bu
çalışmada öncelikli olarak çevre sorunlarının çözümünde havza yönetiminin önemi
ortaya konulmuş, ülkemizdeki çevre mühendisliği bölümlerinde verilen derslerde ekosistem/havza
yönetimi bilincinin öğretilme düzeyi değerlendirilmiştir.
A Review on Pharmacological and Clinical Aspects of Linum usitatissimum L.
Authors: Ansari Ramin , Zarshenas Mohammad M. , Dadbakhsh Amir H.
Published: May 2018

Conclusion:

Despite so much animal studies that have been accomplished, there have not been enough
clinical trials done on pharmacological properties of L. usitatissimum. Therefore, this study could be
considered as a concise and up to date overview for further facile studies and clinical trials over the
valuable plant, L. usitatissimum.

Results and Discussion:

According to our researches, various properties were attributed to L. usitatisimum
including antioxidant, immunomodulatory, anti-inflammatory, antimicrobial, antiprotozoal, insecticidal,
analgesic, anti-hyperlipidemia, anti-hyperglycemic, anti-tumor, wound healing and Feticidal activities.
There were also many reports on disease prevention and healing properties of the flax. Diseases like:
GI disorders, cardiovascular, urogenital, respiratory diseases and some neurological syndromes were
mentioned to be treated by Flax. The application of Flax in drug formulations was also investigated.

Methods:

We searched through databases such as Scopus and PubMed for relevant literature using the
keywords: Linum usitatissimum, pharmacology and phytochemical from the beginning to 13 Aug 2017.
Nearly 60 relevant papers, relating to a pharmacological and phytochemical constituent of L. usitatissimum
were selected.

Introduction and Background:

Linum usitatissimum L., known as common Flax or linseed,
from the family Linnaceae, has long been cultivated in different nations due to its applications in medicine
and industry. The present study aims to collect nearly all available information about chemical constituents
of Flax, as well as pharmacological properties and confirmed clinical usages of it.
Reductive Amination/Alkylation Reactions: The Recent Developments, Progresses, and Applications in Protein Chemical Biology Studies
Authors: Wang Zhipeng A. , Liang Yan-Yu , Zheng Ji-Shen
Published: May 2018

The chemical modifications of proteins or protein complexes have been a challenging but fruitful
task in the post-genomic era. Bioorthogonal reactions play an important role for the purpose of selective functionalization,
localization, and labeling of proteins with natural or non-natural structures. Among these reactions,
reductive amination stands out as one of the typical bioorthogonal reactions with high efficiency, good
biocompatibility, and versatile applications. However, not many specific reviews exist to discuss the mechanism,
kinetics, and their applications in a detailed manner. In this manuscript, we aim to summarize some current
developments and mechanistic studies of reductive amination reaction and its applications. We hope reductive
amination reaction can contribute to a wider scope of protein chemistry research en route in the chemical
biology frontier as one of the well-known bioorthogonal reactions.
The Multi-modality Cardiac Imaging Approach to Cardiac Sarcoidosis
Authors: Ricci Fabrizio , Mantini Cesare , Grigoratos Chrysanthos , Bianco Francesco , Bucciarelli Valentina , Tana Claudio , Mastrodicasa Domenico , Caulo Massimo , Donato Aquaro Giovanni , Raffaele Cotroneo Antonio , Gallina Sabina
Published: May 2018

Background:

Sarcoidosis is a multisystem granulomatous disease with a neglected but high prevalence of life-threatening cardiac involvement.  Discussion: The clinical presentation of Cardiac Sarcoidosis (CS) depends upon the location and extent of the granulomatous inflammation, with left ventricular free wall the most common location followed by interventricular septum. The lack of a diagnostic gold standard and the unpredictable risk of sudden cardiac death pose serious challenges for the validation of accurate and effective screening test and the management of the disease. In the last few years advanced cardiac imaging modalities such as Cardiac Magnetic Resonance (CMR) and Positron Emission Tomography (PET) have significantly improved our knowledge and understanding of CS, and have also contributed in risk stratification, assessment of inflammatory activity and therapeutic monitoring of the disease.

Conclusion:

In this review, we will discuss the state of the art in the diagnosis of CS focusing on the role and importance of multi-modality cardiac imaging.
Diagnostic Performance of 18F-FDG PET/CT Semiquantitative Analysis in the Management of Sarcoidosis
Authors: Rubini Giuseppe , Ferrari Cristina , Altini Corinna , Cimino Alessandra , Fanelli Margherita , Niccoli Asabella Artor
Published: May 2018

Background:

Sarcoidosis is a multisystem granulomatous disorder of unknown origin
characterized by nonspecific clinical symptomatology. 18F-FDG PET/CT can visualize activated
inflammatory cells of sarcoidosis and simultaneously provide whole-body images.

Objective: To evaluate the clinical usefulness of 18F-FDG PET/CT and its semiquantitative parameters
for the assessment of treatment efficacy in patients with sarcoidosis.

Methods:

Thirty-one consecutive patients who performed 18F-FDG PET/CT for sarcoidosis assessment
were selected. All subjects performed 18F-FDG PET/CT before any treatment (PET1) and
after 6-12 months (PET2). SUVmax and SUVmean on PET1 and PET2 were collected. SUVs values
were employed to evaluate the ratios with the liver (R-LIVERmax, R-LIVERmean) and the
blood (R-BLOODmax, R-BLOODmean). The difference between the PET1 and PET2 values was
evaluated (ΔSUVmax, ΔSUVmean, ΔR-LIVERmax, ΔR-LIVERmean, ΔR-BLOODmax, ΔR-BLOODmean).
Patients were classified as Responders (R), Partial-Responders (PR) and Non-
Responders (NR).

Results:

Seventeen patients (54.8%) had a complete metabolic response (R), 4 (12.9%) were PR
while 10 (32.3%) had no Metabolic Response (NR). The chi-square test showed that response
groups were related neither to the stage of disease (p=0.59) nor to therapy performed (p<0.079).
The comparison between each Δ semiquantitative parameter showed a statistically significant decrease
from PET1 to PET2 (0.0001 < p < 0.002). The comparison between Δ mean values in relation
to response groups showed to be statistically significant (0.001 < p < 0.005). Conversely, they did not
show statistical significance in relation to the clinical stage groups and to the kind of therapy performed
(p>0.05). Pearson’s coefficient demonstrated a reverse correlation between a number of
sites still involved in disease after therapy and each Δ semiquantitative parameters (p≤0.0001).

Conclusion:

18F-FDG PET/CT should be considered a useful technique for the evaluation of sarcoidosis
and semiquantitative parameters. Further studies are needed to determine the long-term
impact of 18F-FDG PET/CT on clinical outcomes.
The Neural Tract Between the Hypothalamus and Basal Forebrain in the Ascending Reticular Activating System: A Diffusion Tensor Tractography Study
Authors: Jang Sung Ho , Kwon Hyeok Gyu
Published: May 2018

Objective: Ascending Reticular Activating System (ARAS) has a key role in consciousness.
The ARAS is a complex network consisting of a portion of the brainstem reticular formation,
nonspecific thalamic nuclei, hypothalamus, Basal Forebrain (BF), and cerebral cortex. We examined
the reconstruction method and features of the neural tract between the hypothalamus and the
BF in normal subjects, using Diffusion Tensor Tractography (DTT).

Methods:

Twenty-three healthy subjects were recruited. The ARAS between the hypothalamus and
the BF was reconstructed by two Regions of Interest (ROIs): 1) seed ROI - the isolated green portion
for the BF on the color map, 2) target ROI - the hypothalamus on the axial image. DTT parameters
of the ARAS between the hypothalamus and the BF were examined.

Results:

Among 46 hemispheres in 23 normal subjects, 24 hemispheres (52.2 %) were identified in
the ARAS between the hypothalamus and the BF. The reconstructed ARAS between the hypothalamus
and the BF connected from the hypothalamus to the commissural level and anteriorly
through the anterior commissure and then reached the BF.

Conclusion:

Using DTT, the ARAS between the hypothalamus and the BF was identified in normal
subjects. Because the hypothalamus and BF are related to the regulation of wakefulness and
sleep, our reconstruction method and results would be useful in the research on sleep and wakefulness
aspects of consciousness.