bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
GENOMA: a multilevel platform for marine biology
Authors: Colantuono Chiara , Miralto Marco , Sangiovanni Mara , Ambrosino Luca , Chiusano Maria Luisa
Published: November 2018

Next-generation sequencing (NGS) technologies are greatly facilitating the sequencing of whole genomes leading to the production of different gene annotations, released often from both reference resources (such as NCBI or Ensembl) and specific consortia. All these annotations are in general very heterogeneous and not cross-linked, providing ambiguous knowledge to the users. In order to give a quick view of what is available, and trying to centralize all the genomic information of reference marine species, we set up GENOMA (GENOmes for MArine biology). GENOMA is a multilevel platform that includes all the available genome assemblies and gene annotations about 12 species (Acanthaster planci, Branchiostoma floridae, Ciona robusta, Ciona savignyi, Gasterosteus aculeatus, Octopus bimaculoides, Patiria miniata, Phaeodactylum tricornutum, Ptychodera flava and Saccoglossus kowalevskii). Each species has a dedicated JBroswe and web page, where is summarized the comparison between the different genome versions and gene annotations available, together with the possibility to directly download all the information. Moreover, an interactive table including the union of different gene annotations is also consultable on-line. Finally, a query page system that allows to search specific features in one or more annotations simultaneously, is embedded in the platform. GENOMA is publicly available at http://bioinfo.szn.it/genoma/.
High-resolution mapping of fluoroquinolones in TB rabbit lesions reveals specific distribution in immune cell types
Authors: Blanc Landry , Daudelin Isaac B , Podell Brendan K , Chen Pei-Yu , Zimmerman Matthew , Martinot Amanda J , Savic Rada M , Prideaux Brendan , Dartois Véronique
Published: November 2018

Understanding the distribution patterns of antibiotics at the site of infection is paramount to selecting adequate drug regimens and developing new antibiotics. Tuberculosis (TB) lung lesions are made of various immune cell types, some of which harbor persistent forms of the pathogen, Mycobacterium tuberculosis. By combining high resolution MALDI MSI with histology staining and quantitative image analysis in rabbits with active TB, we have mapped the distribution of a fluoroquinolone at high resolution, and identified the immune-pathological factors driving its heterogeneous penetration within TB lesions, in relation to where bacteria reside. We find that macrophage content, distance from lesion border and extent of necrosis drive the uneven fluoroquinolone penetration. Preferential uptake in macrophages and foamy macrophages, where persistent bacilli reside, compared to other immune cells present in TB granulomas, was recapitulated in vitro using primary human cells. A nonlinear modeling approach was developed to help predict the observed drug behavior in TB lesions. This work constitutes a methodological advance for the co-localization of drugs and infectious agents at high spatial resolution in diseased tissues, which can be applied to other diseases with complex immunopathology.
Closing the circle
Authors: Machingura Marylou C , Moroney James V
Published: November 2018

In Chlamydomonas the different stages of the Calvin-Benson cycle take place in separate locations within the chloroplast.
Election campaign tools in Hungarian humour magazines in the second half of the 19th century
Authors: Tamás Ágnes
Published: November 2018

In my research paper I examine the first two election campaigns in Hungary following the Astro-Hungarian Compromise (1867), in particular, the ways the campaigns employed tools of humour in popular press products of the time, such as caricatures and texts in humour magazines (Ludas Matyi [‘Mattie the Goose-Boy’], Az Üstökös [‘The Comet’], Borsszem Jankó [‘Jonny Peppercorn’]), which were considered effective political weapons by contemporaries. After a history-oriented introduction devoted to illustrating the much-debated content of the Compromise, the election system and the historical significance of the analysed papers, I categorize caricatures and the humorous or satirical texts related to the election of parliamentarians along the lines of the following aspects: (1) attacks against specific people, (2) standing up against the principles and political symbols of the opponent, (3) listing well-known, everyday anti-theses, (4) standing up against the press of the opponent, (5) judgment of the role of the Jewish, (6) war metaphors, (7) critique of the campaign methods of the opponent. My goal is to reveal what tools were used to ridicule political opponents, how parties were described to (potential) voters, how the parties tried to promote voting and convince people of their points of view. The analysed texts clearly depict the division of the Hungarian society (either supporting or rejecting the Compromise), and also document that the political tones became coarser and coarser, even in this humorous genre. During campaigns, the topic of elections took over the humour magazines, which serves as evidence for the intensity of public interest.
The relation between teaching the Arabic language using humour and reading comprehension at Elementary School in the Arab Sector in Israel
Authors: Sover Arie , Nur El Din Giohgah
Published: November 2018

This research examines the extent to which the integration of humorous literary texts in teaching the Arabic language affects achievement in reading comprehension among Grade 4 pupils in the Arab sector in Israel. This research is the first one in the field. Research on the integration of humour in the study of Arabic language as first language does not exist so far. There are very few studies dealing with the integration of humour in the learning process of Arabic as a second language (only three were found). Hence, there are no studies dealing with the integration of humour in the educational field in the Israeli Arab sector. The research took place in one school in the Bedouin sector in the South of Israel. It was based on one experimental class and one control class The study examined the level of the pupils’ knowledge in all components of comprehension: explicit and implicit content, interpretation and integration, evaluating texts and drawing conclusions. The experimental classes studied six humorous stories whereas the control classes studied six stories without humour. The results of the experiment show that the achievements of pupils who learned comprehension using humorous stories was much higher than those in the control classes. In addition, a more positive learning environment was reported in the experimental classes.
Laughing at robots: synthesising humour and cyber-paranoia in portrayals of artificial intelligence in Welcome to Night Vale
Authors: Walsbergerová Tereza
Published: November 2018

This article addresses the synthesis of humour and paranoia in portrayals of artificial intelligence (AI) in the popular American podcast Welcome to Night Vale (2012-). It argues that contrary to the Relief Theory, fusing humour and cyber-paranoia does not help release the tension (anxious energy) generated within the narrative. Rather, the synthesis of humour and paranoia maintains suspense by creating within the narratives moments of ambiguity with the potential to leave the reader or audience caught between fear and laughter after the story ends
Filipino Nurses Competencies and Their Perspective on Asean Integration
Authors: Balawag Mary Jane , Cayena Maria Hazel , Dela Torre Bai Katherine T. , Hermoso Girlie , Uson Judelyn T.
Published: November 2018

The study intends to determine the level of competencies (knowledge, skills, & attitude) based on the Philippine Nursing core competency standards and nurse's perspective on Asean integration to match with their competencies and determine their readiness towards the alliance. A descriptive quantitative design was used.  The Survey questionnaire was conducted among nurses (112) working in the government hospital in Region XII such as Cotabato City, General Santos City, Kidapawan City, and Koronadal City. Focus group discussion and key informant interview were utilized.  Findings revealed that nurses have the high knowledge, very competent, and moderately favorable attitude towards their role in client care, leadership and management, and research. Common themes emerged are, a. Clueless about Asean integration; b. Filipinos are globally competent. Nurses do not have an idea of the Asean integration.  But they were not threatened because they considered themselves globally competent. Despite the information dissemination of the government regarding Asean Integration, this significant information did not reach the nurses working in the clinical area. Nurses have a different understanding of the Asean integration phenomenon because of the degree of exposure. However, competency wise, Filipino nurse believed they could keep up with the demands made by the integration.
Políticas culturais paulistas: registro da identidade cultural de um povo
Authors: Luccas Mariana Goncalves , Silva Daniela Salgado Gonçalves da
Published: November 2018

Este trabalho teve como objetivo, identificar as políticas públicas culturais produzidas nos últimos dez anos no estado de São Paulo. Identificou-se que boa parte da legislação, destina-se a proteger algumas poucas expressões e práticas culturais populares. Porém, outras são deixadas de lado, e não conseguem ser avaliadas, pelo fato de existirem poucos detalhes sobre o que realmente é Patrimônio Imaterial. Ao final são avaliadas duas leis estaduais: a Lei nº12.268/2006, que visa recursos a serem utilizados anualmente em atividades culturais; e a Lei 15.565/2014, que visa ajudar tecnicamente ou financeiramente os municípios que preservam e/ou divulgam práticas populares.
Marcos na exibição de filmes no Brasil
Authors: Simis Anita
Published: November 2018

Este trabalho trata da exibição cinematográfica no Brasil no marco teórico da Economia Política do Cinema, procurando analisar as transformações ocorridas no sistema exibição das salas de cinema no Brasil, estabelecendo marcos em que encontramos episódios descontínuos e heterogêneos em si mesmos, ou seja, os pontos de inflexão e as linhas de continuidade. Procura, particularmente, verificar transformações no âmbito mercantil da exibição e apresenta quatro marcos decisivos.

A temática se refere à exibição por considerá-la hoje o eixo central na política cultural para uma difusão democrática do cinema, levando em conta a questão da diversidade, especialmente da exibição do cinema brasileiro.
Magnesium Diboride
Authors: Nardelli Davide , Pallecchi Ilaria , Tropeano Matteo
Published: November 2018

The article contains sections titled:

Introduction

Intrinsic and Extrinsic Properties of

MgB
2

Sample Preparation

Applications of

MgB
2

Summary and Outlook
Preparation of Bulk and Textured Superconductors
Authors: Werfel Frank N.
Published: November 2018

The preparation and production of bulk High – Temperature Superconductors (HTS) since the discovery is analysed and reported in their development and progress. For the three material groups REBCO (RE: Y, Sm, Gd, Nd, …), BiSCCO (Bi2122, Bi2223), and MgB
2
the processing routes are described and evaluated. While BiSCCO compounds play an important role in the conductor development the REBCO melt texture processes provide large crystalline bulks for magnetic application.

Top‐ seed melt growth (TSMG) fabrication methods dominate the bulk production by using single or multiple seeds to prevent unwanted parasitic multi‐ crystalline nucleation. Large single grain bulk fabrication of 50–100 mm requires exact precursor phase preparation of RE123 and RE211 and a temperature/ oxygen‐controlled furnace process. Multiple seeding of large plane bulks, rings and cylinders improves the magnetic properties and ensures an optimum geometry for application. Doping strategy of REBCO bulks is reviewed and the mechanical limitations of REBCO bulks under high trapped field values above 5 Tesla explained.

Bulk HTS are characterized by measurements of the critical current density and the maximum magnetic trapped flux density. Physical properties of bulk HTS are given and the magnetic performance of the different REBCO materials (RE= Y, Sm, Nd, Gd) compared in view of applicability.
Wires and Tapes
Authors: Shen Tengming , Jiang Jianyi , Hellstrom Eric
Published: November 2018

The article contains sections titled:

Powder‐in‐Tube Superconducting Wires: Fabrication, Properties, Applications, and Challenges

Acknowledgments
Superconducting Cables
Authors: Prusseit Werner , Bach Robert , Bock Joachim
Published: November 2018

The article contains sections titled:

Power Cable Technology

Current Rather than Voltage – Advantages of Superconducting Cables

HTS
‐Cable Designs

Economic Benefits of
HTS
Distribution Grids

Specific Applications for
HTS
‐Cables

Conclusions
Chirality‐Based Biosensors
Authors: Ma Wei , Xu Liguang , Wang Libing , Xu Chuanlai , Kuang Hua
Published: November 2018

The fabrication of chiral nanostructures gives rise to characteristic chiroptical activity, which can be used for chirality‐based biosensors. Great progress is made in the use of nanoassemblies for the construction of chiral nanoparticle dimers, pyramids, helices, and twisted structures, and their chiroptical activities correlate with diverse structural geometries and enantiomeric configurations. In DNA‐hybridization‐based chiral nanoassemblies, the assembly parameters, such as the components, gaps, multicomponents, and the aftergrowth of metal, can result in multiple bands and enhanced chiroptical effects. Based on known chiral nanostructures, the existing chiral nanoassembly‐based biosensors together with their targets and signal amplification strategies are reviewed. Chirality involves multiple signals, and multitarget biosensors are introduced with newly developed chiral architectures for the accurate and reliable monitoring of biomarkers in living cells. The interactions between chiral nanoarchitectures and biosystems are also highlighted, which are important not only in the chiral dynamic switching of nano‐objects for biomonitoring, but also in manipulating cell growth, proliferation, and adhesion. The future perspectives on chiral fabrication and its use in biosensors are also comprehensively discussed.
Position‐Sensitive Array Photodetector Based on Comb‐Like CdS Nanostructure with Cone‐Shape Branches
Authors: Hao Yan , Guo Shuai , Weller Dieter , Zhang Min , Ding Chunjie , Chai Ke , Xie Lingling , Liu Ruibin
Published: November 2018

2D microscale position‐sensitive detectors (PSDs) are highly desirable with the degree of integration increase and the size reduction of nanodevices, which are still unavailable. Multichannel devices with outstanding photoelectric properties attract considerable interest as powerful building blocks to be applied in on‐chip systems. Here, based on a highly ordered comb‐like CdS nanowire array with cone‐shape branches through a one‐step synthesis strategy, a high‐resolution 2D position‐sensitive photodetector is realized through variable resistance in different transportation routes and variable optical responses at different parts of the cone‐shape branches, which enable accurate position identification of incident light in various zones of nanowire arrays according to photocurrent changes. In a broadband from 310 to 560 nm, the PSD exhibits high sensitivity with 85 and 58 KΩ µm−1 in the trunk and branch part, respectively, and an ultrafast optical response shorter than tens of millisecond. Moreover, a lower conductivity change rate per unit temperature of the PSD (1.625 × 10−9 A V−1 K−1) than that of commercial Si‐based PSDs (≈6.67 × 10−7 A V−1 K−1) reveals outstanding low‐temperature performance. Finally, the multichannel nanostructure based PSD with nanoscale resolution is applied to high‐accuracy quadrant photodetectors.
Revealing the Impact of F4‐TCNQ as Additive on Morphology and Performance of High‐Efficiency Nonfullerene Organic Solar Cells
Authors: Xiong Yuan , Ye Long , Gadisa Abay , Zhang Qianqian , Rech Jeromy James , You Wei , Ade Harald
Published: November 2018

Fluorinated molecule 2,3,5,6‐tetrafluoro‐7,7,8,8‐tetracyanoquinodimethane (F4‐TCNQ) and its derivatives have been used in polymer:fullerene solar cells primarily as a dopant to optimize the electrical properties and device performance. However, the underlying mechanism and generality of how F4‐TCNQ affects device operation and possibly the morphology is poorly understood, particularly for emerging nonfullerene organic solar cells. In this work, the influence of F4‐TCNQ on the blend film morphology and photovoltaic performance of nonfullerene solar cells processed by a single halogen‐free solvent is systematically investigated using a set of morphological and electrical characterizations. In solar cells with a high‐performance polymer:small molecule blend FTAZ:IT‐M, F4‐TCNQ has a negligibly small effect on the molecular packing and surface characteristics, while it clearly affects the electronic properties and mean‐square composition variation of the bulk. In comparison to the control devices with an average power conversion efficiency (PCE) of 11.8%, inclusion of a trace amount of F4‐TCNQ in the active layer has improved device fill factor and current density, which has resulted into a PCE of 12.4%. Further increase in F4‐TCNQ content degrades device performance. This investigation aims at delineating the precise role of F4‐TCNQ in nonfullerene bulk heterojunction films, and thereby establishing a facile approach to fabricate highly optimized nonfullerene solar cells.
Screening Approach for the Discovery of New Hybrid Perovskites with Efficient Photoemission
Authors: Brochard‐Garnier Stanislas , Paris Michael , Génois Romain , Han Quanxiang , Liu Yang , Massuyeau Florian , Gautier Romain
Published: November 2018

Owing to quantum confinement, low‐dimensional hybrid perovskite materials have recently shown a great potential for applications in optoelectronics. Such compounds can exhibit broad‐ or narrow‐band light emission, low‐temperature solution processability, high thermal stability, and relatively high photoluminescence quantum yields (PLQY). However, the search for efficient phosphors with a specific set of characteristics remains difficult because the family of hybrid perovskites consists in an extremely large chemical system (i.e., different halides, metals, and organic molecules), and optical properties are not predictable prior to material synthesis and characterization. Here, is proposed a simple approach to screen a significant amount of new hybrid lead halide perovskites. The synthetic method by fast crystallization at low temperature enables the rapid identification of the materials exhibiting the targeted photoluminescence properties. This approach is tested for the discovery of hybrid lead halide perovskites with efficient white‐light emission. Among 100 newly synthesized compounds, 5 exhibit intense white emission, and the in‐depth characterization of a selected candidate shows high color rendering index (CRI) = 78 and a PLQY of 9%, which is equivalent to the record reported for hybrid perovskites. This compound exhibits a new structure type for warm white‐light emitting hybrid perovskites with chains of corner‐sharing PbX6.
The Energy–Momentum Tensor of Gravitational Waves, Wyman Spacetime, and Freely Falling Observers
Authors: Formiga Jansen B.
Published: November 2018

A good definition for the energy–momentum tensor of gravity (EMTG) in general relativity (GR) is a hard, if not impossible, task. On the other hand, in its teleparallel version, known as the teleparallel equivalent of general relativity (TEGR), the EMTG can be defined in a very satisfactory way. Here, it is proved that the EMTG of TEGR for linearized gravitational waves (GWs) is the same as the version of GR that is usually given in the literature. In addition, the exact version of the EMTG for a ‐wave with a + polarization is obtained in a freely falling frame (FFF). Unlike the previous case, the energy density can be either positive or negative, depending on the details of the wave. The gravitational energy density for the Wyman spacetimes is obtained both in a static frame and in an FFF. It turns out that observers in free fall can measure the effects of gravity.
Exploration of Interfacial Porphine Coupling Schemes and Hybrid Systems by Bond‐Resolved Scanning Probe Microscopy
Authors: Bischoff Felix , He Yuanqin , Riss Alexander , Seufert Knud , Auwärter Willi , Barth Johannes V.
Published: November 2018

The templated synthesis of porphyrin‐based oligomers and heterosystems is of considerable interest for materials with tunable electronic gaps, photovoltaics, or sensing device elements. In this work, temperature‐induced dehydrogenative coupling between unsubstituted free‐base porphine units and their attachment to graphene nanoribbons on a well‐defined Ag(111) support are scrutinized by bond‐resolved scanning probe microscopy techniques. The detailed inspection of covalently fused porphine dimers obtained by in vacuo on‐surface synthesis clearly reveals atomistic details of coupling motifs, whereby also putative reaction intermediates are identified. Moreover, the covalent attachment of porphines at preferred locations of atomically precise armchair‐type graphene nanoribbons is demonstrated.
Design, Synthesis and Characterization of Covalent KDM5 Inhibitors
Authors: Vazquez‐Rodriguez Saleta , Wright Miranda , Rogers Catherine M. , Cribbs Adam P. , Velupillai Srikannathasan , Philpott Martin , Lee Henry , Dunford James E. , Huber Kilian V. M. , Robers Matthew B. , Vasta James D. , Thezenas Marie‐Laetitia , Bonham Sarah , Kessler Benedikt , Bennett James , Fedorov Oleg , Raynaud Florence , Donovan Adam , Blagg Julian , Bavetsias Vassilios , Oppermann Udo , Bountra Chas , Kawamura Akane , Brennan Paul E.
Published: November 2018

Histone lysine demethylases (KDMs) are involved in the dynamic regulation of gene expression and they play a critical role in several biological processes. Achieving selectivity over the different KDMs has been a major challenge for KDM inhibitor development. Here we report potent and selective KDM5 covalent inhibitors designed to target cysteine residues only present in the KDM5 sub‐family. The covalent binding to the targeted proteins was confirmed by MS and time‐dependent inhibition. Additional competition assays show that compounds were non 2‐OG competitive. Target engagement and ChIP‐seq analysis showed that the compounds inhibited the KDM5 members in cells at nano‐ to micromolar levels and induce a global increase of the H3K4me3 mark at transcriptional start sites.
Funktionelle polymere Materialien auf der Basis von Hauptgruppen‐Elementen
Authors: Vidal Fernando , Jäkle Frieder
Published: November 2018

In den letzten zehn Jahren wurden enorme Fortschritte bei der Synthese von Polymeren erzielt, die Hauptgruppen‐Elemente enthalten und über die typischen organischen Polymere hinausgehen. Einzigartige Eigenschaften, die sich aus drastischen Unterschieden in Bindung und molekularer Geometrie, elektronischer Struktur und chemischer Reaktivität ergeben, werden in den unterschiedlichsten Anwendungsbereichen genutzt. In dem Aufsatz werden die jüngsten Fortschritte bei Polymeren mit anorganischem Rückgrat hervorgehoben, es wird diskutiert, wie die Lewis‐Säure/Base‐Funktionalisierung von Polymeren zu beispielloser Reaktivität führt, und es werden konjugierte Hybride mit spezifischen elektronischen Strukturen für die Sensorik sowie Anwendungen in Organische‐Elektronik‐Geräten vorgestellt.
Eine verzweigte Diterpenkaskade: der Mechanismus der Spinodien‐Synthase aus Saccharopolyspora spinosa
Authors: Rinkel Jan , Lauterbach Lukas , Dickschat Jeroen S.
Published: November 2018

Eine Diterpensynthase aus Saccharopolyspora spinosa konvertierte Geranylgeranyldiphosphat in die neuen Naturstoffe Spinodien A und B, begleitet von 2,7,18‐Dolabellatrien. Die Strukturen und die Bildungsmechanismen der Enzymprodukte wurden mithilfe von Isotopenmarkierungsexperimenten studiert, wodurch ein ungewöhnlicher verzweigter Isomerisierungsmechanismus zu dem neutralen Intermediat 2,7,18‐Dolabellatrien aufgedeckt wurde. Durch eine Diels‐Alder‐Reaktion wurde das Diterpen‐Hauptprodukt mit seiner seltenen konjugierten Dien‐Einheit in formale Sesterterpenalkohole überführt.
Die SF5‐Gruppe zugänglicher gemacht: Eine gasfreie Synthese von Aryl‐Tetrafluor‐λ6‐Sulfanyl‐Chloriden
Authors: Pitts Cody Ross , Bornemann Dustin , Liebing Phil , Santschi Nico , Togni Antonio
Published: November 2018

Moderne Pentafluorosulfanyl(SF5)‐Chemie hat eine entscheidende Schwachstelle: synthetische Zugänglichkeit. In dieser Arbeit präsentieren wir die erste Methode für die Herstellung von Aryl‐SF4Cl‐Verbindungen (Schlüsselintermediate für die Aryl‐SF5‐Synthese), die durch Einsatz von einfach zu handhabender Trichlorisocyanursäure, Kaliumfluorid und katalytischer Mengen an Säure, ohne die Verwendung von gefährlichen Fluorierungsmitteln und oder Gasen als Reaktanden, auskommt. Diese simplen, milden Bedingungen erlauben den direkten Zugang zu Aryl‐SF4Cl‐Intermediaten die mit bisherigen Methoden entweder noch nicht synthetisiert wurden oder nicht synthetisiert werden konnten. Des Weiteren eröffnet diese Methode den Zugang zu Aryl‐SF3‐ und Aryl‐SeF3‐Verbindungen, was die Anwendung dieser Chemie über die Grenzen der SF5‐Funktionalisierung hinaus erweitert und somit eine Lösung zum komplexen Problem der oxidativen Fluorierung anbietet.
Functional Polymeric Materials Based on Main‐Group Elements
Authors: Vidal Fernando , Jäkle Frieder
Published: November 2018

The past decade has witnessed tremendous advances in the synthesis of polymers that contain elements from the main groups beyond those found in typical organic polymers. Unique properties that arise from dramatic differences in bonding and molecular geometry, electronic structure, and chemical reactivity, are exploited in diverse application fields. Herein we highlight recent advances in inorganic backbone polymers, discuss how Lewis acid/base functionalization of polymers results in unprecedented reactivity, and survey conjugated hybrids with unique electronic structures for sensor and device applications.
Helical Multi‐Coordination Anion‐Binding Catalysts for the Highly Enantioselective Dearomatization of Pyrylium Derivatives
Authors: Fischer Theresa , Bamberger Julia , Gómez‐Martínez Melania , Piekarski Dariusz G. , García Mancheño Olga
Published: November 2018

A general and highly enantioselective synthesis of oxygen heterocycles from readily available in situ generated pyrylium derivatives has been realized by embracing a multi‐coordination approach with helical anion‐binding tetrakistriazole catalysts. The high activity of the tetrakistriazole (TetraTri) catalysts, with distinct confined anion‐binding pockets, allows for remarkably low catalyst loadings (down to 0.05 mol %), while providing a simple access to chiral chromanones and dihydropyrones in high enantioselectivities (up to 98:2 e.r.). Moreover, experimental and theoretical studies provide new insights into the hydrogen‐donor ability and key binding interactions of the TetraTri catalysts and its host:guest complexes, suggesting the formation of a 1:3 species.
Making the SF5 Group More Accessible: A Gas‐Reagent‐Free Approach to Aryl Tetrafluoro‐λ6‐sulfanyl Chlorides
Authors: Pitts Cody Ross , Bornemann Dustin , Liebing Phil , Santschi Nico , Togni Antonio
Published: November 2018

Modern pentafluorosulfanyl (SF5) chemistry has an Achilles heel: synthetic accessibility. Herein, we present the first approach to aryl‐SF4Cl compounds (key intermediates in state‐of‐the‐art aryl‐SF5 synthesis) that overcomes the reliance on hazardous fluorinating reagents and/or gas reagents (e.g. Cl2) by employing easy‐to‐handle trichloroisocyanuric acid, potassium fluoride, and catalytic amounts of acid. These simple, mild conditions allow direct access to aryl‐SF4Cl intermediates that either have not been or cannot be demonstrated using previous methods. Furthermore, the same approach provides access to aryl‐SF3 and aryl‐SeF3 compounds, which extend the applications of this chemistry beyond arene SF5‐functionalization, and demonstrate its ability to address a more general oxidative fluorination problem.
Recent Advances in the Metal‐Catalyzed Activation of Amide Bonds
Authors: Chaudhari Moreshwar B. , Gnanaprakasam Boopathy
Published: November 2018

The amide functional group is commonly found in peptides, proteins, pharmaceutical compounds, natural products, and polymers. The synthesis of amides is typically performed by using classical approaches that involve the reaction between a carboxylic acid and an amine in the presence of an activator. Amides are thought to be an inert functional group, because they are unsusceptible to nucleophile attack, owing to their low electrophilicity. The reason for this resistance is clear: the resonance stability of the amide bond. However, transition metal catalysis can circumvent this stability by selectively rupturing the N−C bond of the amide, thereby facilitating further cross‐coupling or other reactions. In this Focus Review, we discuss the recent advances in this area and present a summary of methods that have been developed for activating the amide N−C bond by using precious and non‐precious metals.
Colorimetric detection of gallic acid based on the enhanced oxidase‐like activity of floral‐like magnetic Fe3O4@MnO2
Authors: Wang Yanying , Zhu Xiaoyan , Ding Fang , Liu Yaqin , Yang Li , Zou Ping , Zhao Qingbiao , Wang Xianxiang , Rao Hanbing
Published: November 2018

In this study, a colorimetric method was developed for rapid and sensitive determination of gallic acid (GA) by using floral‐like magnetic Fe3O4@MnO2 composite material with enhanced oxidase‐like activity. Fe3O4@MnO2 composite material is able to oxidize 3,3′,5,5′‐tetramethylbenzidine (TMB) to a blue product (oxTMB) with apparent color change and absorbance at 652 nm. GA can reduce the oxTMB yielding a fading blue color. Based on these results, a technique is proposed to detect GA quantitatively and qualitatively with UV–vis spectroscopy and bare eyes. A low detection limit of 0.105 μM and a detection range of 0.01 to 15 μM were obtained with UV–vis spectroscopy. This methodology possesses high potential for application in determination of GA.
Enantioselective LC‐ESI‐MS/MS determination of dropropizine enantiomers in rat plasma and application to a pharmacokinetic study
Authors: Balaji Narayanan , Gabani Bhavesh Babulal , Todmal Umesh , Sulochana Suresh P. , Saini Neeraj Kumar , Chandran Rajesh , Mullangi Ramesh
Published: November 2018

We developed and validated a simple, sensitive, selective and reliable LC–ESI‐MS/MS method for direct quantitation of dropropizine enantiomers namely levodropropizine (LDP) and dextrodropropizine (DDP) in rat plasma without the need for derivatization as per regulatory guidelines. Dropropizine enantiomers and carbamazepine (internal standard) were extracted from 50 μL rat plasma using ethyl acetate. LDP and DDP resolved with good baseline separation (Rs = 4.45) on a Chiralpak IG‐3 column. The mobile phase consisted of methanol with 0.05% diethylamine pumped at a flow rate of 0.5 mL/min. Detection and quantitation were done in multiple reaction monitoring mode following the transitions m/z 237 → 160 and 237 → 194 for dropropizine enantiomers and the internal standard, respectively, in the positive ionization mode. The proposed method provided accurate and reproducible results over the linearity range of 3.23–2022 ng/mL for each enantiomer. The intra‐ and inter‐day precisions were in the ranges of 3.38–13.6 and 5.11–13.8 for LDP and 4.19–11.8 and 8.89–10.1 for DDP. Both LDP and DDP were found to be stable under different stability conditions. The method was successfully used in a stereoselective pharmacokinetic study of dropropizine enantiomers in rats following oral administration of racemate dropropizine at 100 mg/kg. The pharmacokinetic results indicate that the disposition of dropropizine enantiomers is not stereoselective and chiral inversion does not occur in rats.
Multiregional radiomics profiling from multiparametric MRI: Identifying an imaging predictor of IDH1 mutation status in glioblastoma
Authors: Li Zhi‐Cheng , Bai Hongmin , Sun Qiuchang , Zhao Yuanshen , Lv Yanchun , Zhou Jian , Liang Chaofeng , Chen Yinsheng , Liang Dong , Zheng Hairong
Published: November 2018

Purpose

Isocitrate dehydrogenase 1 (IDH1) has been proven as a prognostic and predictive marker in glioblastoma (GBM) patients. The purpose was to preoperatively predict IDH mutation status in GBM using multiregional radiomics features from multiparametric magnetic resonance imaging (MRI).

Methods

In this retrospective multicenter study, 225 patients were included. A total of 1614 multiregional features were extracted from enhancement area, non‐enhancement area, necrosis, edema, tumor core, and whole tumor in multiparametric MRI. Three multiregional radiomics models were built from tumor core, whole tumor, and all regions using an all‐relevant feature selection and a random forest classification for predicting IDH1. Four single‐region models and a model combining all‐region features with clinical factors (age, sex, and Karnofsky performance status) were also built. All models were built from a training cohort (118 patients) and tested on an independent validation cohort (107 patients).

Results

Among the four single‐region radiomics models, the edema model achieved the best accuracy of 96% and the best F1‐score of 0.75 while the non‐enhancement model achieved the best area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUC) of 0.88 in the validation cohort. The overall performance of the tumor‐core model (accuracy 0.96, AUC 0.86 and F1‐score 0.75) and the whole‐tumor model (accuracy 0.96, AUC 0.88 and F1‐score 0.75) was slightly better than the single‐regional models. The 8‐feature all‐region radiomics model achieved an improved overall performance of an accuracy 96%, an AUC 0.90, and an F1‐score 0.78. Among all models, the model combining all‐region imaging features with age achieved the best performance of an accuracy 97%, an AUC 0.96, and an F1‐score 0.84.

Conclusions

The radiomics model built with multiregional features from multiparametric MRI has the potential to preoperatively detect the IDH1 mutation status in GBM patients. The multiregional model built with all‐region features performed better than the single‐region models, while combining age with all‐region features achieved the best performance.
Automated Glycan Assembly of Plant Oligosaccharides and Their Application in Cell‐Wall Biology
Authors: Bartetzko Max P. , Pfrengle Fabian
Published: November 2018

The plant cell wall provides the richest available resource of fermentable carbohydrates and biobased materials. The main component of plant cell walls is cellulose, which is the most abundant biomolecule on earth. Apart from cellulose, which is constructed from relatively simple β‐1,4‐glucan chains, plant cell walls also contain structurally more complex heteropolysaccharides (hemicellulose and pectin), as well as lignin and cell‐wall proteins. A detailed understanding of the molecular structures, functions, and biosyntheses of cell‐wall components is required to further promote their industrial use. Plant cell‐wall research is, to a large degree, hampered by a lsack of available well‐defined oligosaccharide samples that represent the structural features of cell‐wall glycans. One technique to access these oligosaccharides is automated glycan assembly; a technique in which monosaccharide building blocks are, similarly to automated peptide and oligonucleotide chemistry, successively added to a linker‐functionalized resin in a fully automated manner. Herein, recent research into the automated glycan assembly of different classes of cell‐wall glycans used as molecular tools for cell‐wall biology is discussed. More than 60 synthetic oligosaccharides were prepared and printed as microarrays for screening monoclonal antibodies that recognize plant cell‐wall polysaccharides. The synthesized oligosaccharides have also been used to investigate glycosyltransferases and glycoside hydrolases, which are involved in synthesis and degradation of plant cell walls, as well as for the analysis of cell‐wall‐remodeling enzymes.
Feasibility study of a synchronized diastolic injection with low contrast volume for proper quantitative assessment of aortic regurgitation in porcine models
Authors: Modolo Rodrigo , Miyazaki Yosuke , Chang Chun Chin , te Lintel Hekkert Maaike , van Sloun Math , Suchecki Todd , Aben Jean‐Paul , Soliman Osama I. , Onuma Yoshinobu , Duncker Dirk J. , van Mieghem Nicolas M. , Serruys Patrick W.
Published: November 2018

Objectives

To evaluate the in vivo feasibility of aortography with one accurately timed diastolic low‐volume contrast injection for quantitative assessment of aortic regurgitation (AR) post transcatheter aortic valve replacement (TAVR).

Background

With the rise of a minimalistic approach for TAVR, aortography (re)emerges as a pragmatic tool for AR assessment. In a mock circulation system, we have validated the accuracy of a single diastolic injection triggered by electrocardiogram (ECG) with low‐contrast volume.

Methods

Two‐phase experiment: first, a series of aortograms were performed in a porcine model, with 8 mL of contrast using the synchronized (SYNC) and the conventional non‐synchronized (NS) injections. In a second phase, we developed a model of AR by inserting partially unsheathed Wallstents of 6–10 mm of diameter across the pig's aortic valve, performing SYNC injections with 8 mL of contrast and NS injections with 8 mL and 15 mL (rate: 20 mL/sec). Respective accuracies of SYNC vs. NS were assessed using Passing‐Bablock regression. An angiography core laboratory performed quantitative AR assessment with videodensitometry (VD‐AR).

Results

The SYNC injections produced higher opacification of the aortic root compared with NS injections (P = 0.04 for density). In the second phase, a regression line for predicting VD‐AR based on the SYNC injection resulted in a lower intercept and a slope closer to the line of identity (y = 11.9 + 0.79x, P < 0.001, r2 = 0.94) with the NS‐8 mL than with the NS‐15 mL injection (y = 26.5 + 0.55x, P < 0.001, r2 = 0.81).

Conclusion

Synchronized diastolic injection with low contrast volume produced denser images in the aortic root and more accurate than the conventional injection; thus, may be an appealing alternative for assessment of AR post TAVR.
Cataract surgery with implantation of a high‐add intraocular lens LENTIS® MAX LS‐313 MF80 in end‐stage, age‐related macular degeneration: A case report of magnifying surgery
Authors: Borkenstein Andreas F. , Borkenstein Eva‐Maria
Published: November 2018

Key Clinical Message

A new treatment option for cataracts and advanced ARMD: the simultaneous intravitreal injection of anti‐vascular endothelial growth factor and implantation of a high‐add IOL. We believe major opportunities arise from a new subcategory in cataract surgery—called magnifying surgery (MAGS). Our case proves the potential of this brand‐new technology.
Twenty‐four‐hour continuous and remote monitoring of respiratory rate using a medical radar system for the early detection of pneumonia in symptomatic elderly bedridden hospitalized patients
Authors: Sun Guanghao , Okada Masakazu , Nakamura Rin , Matsuo Taro , Kirimoto Tetsuo , Hakozaki Yukiya , Matsui Takemi
Published: November 2018

Key Clinical Message

Respiratory rate is often measured manually and discontinuously by counting of chest wall movements in routine clinical practice. We introduce a novel approach to investigate respiration dynamics using a noncontact medical radar system for identifying patient at risk of infection. The system enables early detection of pneumonia in bedridden hospitalized patients.
Silver Nanorings: New Generation of Transparent Conductive Films
Authors: Azani Mohammad‐Reza , Hassanpour Azin
Published: November 2018

Low‐cost and high yield silver nanorings with the uniform ring diameter of 15±5 μm and thickness of 120±20 nm were synthesized via a simple solvothermal method. Based on our knowledge, this is the first time that a solvothermal method is used to prepare silver nanorings. Herein, by using ammonium salts as additive salts in the presence of pressure (150 kPa) inside the reactor, the reproducibility and yield of nanorings increased. The prepared silver nanorings easily dispersed in ethanol and have been coated by spray method on PET substrate to make flexible transparent conductive films (TCF). The film based on nanorings was shown better opto‐electrical properties (higher transparency with lower haze) in comparison with nanowires with higher aspect ratio and lower thickness, at the same sheet resistance (Rs). These results introduce silver nanorings as outstanding candidates for optoelectronics applications.
Selective Inhibitors of a Human Prolyl Hydroxylase (OGFOD1) Involved in Ribosomal Decoding
Authors: Thinnes Cyrille C. , Lohans Christopher T. , Abboud Martine I. , Yeh Tzu‐Lan , Tumber Anthony , Nowak Radosław P. , Attwood Martin , Cockman Matthew E. , Oppermann Udo , Loenarz Christoph , Schofield Christopher J.
Published: November 2018

Human prolyl hydroxylases are involved in the modification of transcription factors, procollagen, and ribosomal proteins, and are current medicinal chemistry targets. To date, there are few reports on inhibitors selective for the different types of prolyl hydroxylases. We report a structurally informed template‐based strategy for the development of inhibitors selective for the human ribosomal prolyl hydroxylase OGFOD1. These inhibitors did not target the other human oxygenases tested, including the structurally similar hypoxia‐inducible transcription factor prolyl hydroxylase, PHD2.
Proline autocatalysis in the origin of biological enantioenriched chirality
Authors: Sadagopan Ananthan
Published: November 2018

Biological enantioenriched chirality is a phenomenon that in living organisms, amino acids and carbohydrates typically have the same absolute configuration. Perhaps one of the earliest attempts to delineate the origins of this phenomenon was a theory known as asymmetric autocatalysis, a reaction in which the structures of the chiral catalyst and the product are the same, and in which the chiral product acts as a chiral catalyst for its own production. In theory, this would mean that small asymmetries in the product will propagate rapidly. However, autocatalysis also relies on the cross‐inhibition of chiral states, something that would not likely be possible on primordial Earth. But recently, theories on asymmetric autocatalysis have begun to resurface as more recent findings indicate that other mechanisms exist to stabilize the homochiral states. In this study, I propose an autocatalytic cycle, and using density functional theory, prove that (1) it is plausible on primordial Earth, and (2) it propagates arbitrary asymmetries in proline. Thus, facilitating asymmetry in proline and allowing access to a wide variety of asymmetric proline‐catalyzed reactions, including those involved in the synthesis of amino acids and carbohydrates from achiral precursors.
Color–light–space: An interdisciplinary course for graduate and postgraduate students
Authors: Arnkil Harald , Pyykkö Saara
Published: November 2018

The course Väri–valo–tila/Color–Light–Space at the Aalto University School of Arts, Design, and Architecture aims at disseminating an in‐depth understanding of the possibilities and role of color and lighting in the built environment. Central pedagogical methods are learning‐by‐doing, real‐life cases, and collaborative learning. The course is based on integrating theory with practice. The main assignment of the course is a real, ongoing architectural project on which the students can test and develop their skills in color design. Other assignments involve visual and multisensory analyses of existing spaces, their atmosphere, and sense of place. The practical and onsite assignments are complemented with lectures given by professional experts on the theory and technology of color and light and with excursions to companies and relevant urban environments.
Effect of Food on the Pharmacokinetics of Ertugliflozin and Its Fixed‐Dose Combinations Ertugliflozin/Sitagliptin and Ertugliflozin/Metformin
Authors: Sahasrabudhe Vaishali , Fediuk Daryl J. , Matschke Kyle , Shi Haihong , Liang Yali , Hickman Anne , Bass Almasa , Terra Steven G. , Zhou Susan , Krishna Rajesh , Dawra Vikas K.
Published: November 2018

Ertugliflozin, an inhibitor of sodium‐glucose cotransporter 2, is approved in the United States and European Union for the treatment of type 2 diabetes in adults, both as monotherapy and as part of fixed‐dose combination (FDC) therapies with either sitagliptin or immediate‐release metformin. The effect of a standard, high‐fat breakfast on the pharmacokinetics of the highest strengths of ertugliflozin monotherapy (15 mg), ertugliflozin/sitagliptin FDC (15‐/100‐mg), and ertugliflozin/metformin FDC (7.5‐/1000‐mg) tablets was evaluated. In 3 separate open‐label, 2‐period, 2‐sequence, single‐dose, crossover studies, 14 healthy subjects per study were randomized to receive either ertugliflozin monotherapy or FDC tablets comprising ertugliflozin and sitagliptin or ertugliflozin and metformin under fasted and fed (or vice versa) conditions. Food did not meaningfully affect the pharmacokinetics of ertugliflozin, sitagliptin, or metformin. For FDCs, the effect of food was consistent with that described for individual components. All treatments were well tolerated. Ertugliflozin and ertugliflozin/sitagliptin FDC tablets can be administered without regard to meals. As metformin is administered with meals because of its gastrointestinal side effects, the ertugliflozin/metformin FDC should also be administered with meals.
Matrix‐induced Linear Stark Effect of Single Dibenzoterrylene Molecules in 2,3‐Dibromonaphthalene Crystal
Authors: Moradi Amin , Ristanović Zoran , Orrit Michel , Deperasińska Irena , Kozankiewicz Bolesław
Published: November 2018

Absorption and fluorescence from single molecules can be tuned by applying an external electric field – a phenomenon known as the Stark effect. A linear Stark effect is associated to a lack of centrosymmetry of the guest in the host matrix. Centrosymmetric guests can display a linear Stark effect in disordered matrices, but the response of individual guest molecules is often relatively weak and non‐uniform, with a broad distribution of the Stark coefficients. Here we introduce a novel single‐molecule host‐guest system, dibenzoterrylene (DBT) in 2,3‐dibromonaphthalene (DBN) crystal. Fluorescent DBT molecules show excellent spectral stability with a large linear Stark effect, of the order of 1.5 GHz/kVcm−1, corresponding to an electric dipole moment change of around 2 D. Remarkably, when the electric field is aligned with the a crystal axis, nearly all DBT molecules show either positive or negative Stark shifts with similar absolute values. These results are consistent with quantum chemistry calculations. Those indicate that DBT substitutes three DBN molecules along the a‐axis, giving rise to eight equivalent embedding sites, related by the three glide planes of the orthorhombic crystal. The static dipole moment of DBT molecules is created by host‐induced breaking of the inversion symmetry. This new host–guest system is promising for applications that require a high sensitivity of fluorescent emitters to electric fields, for example to probe weak electric fields.