bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Research on airframe structure, engine performance, weapon mounting capability of F-16
Authors: Zhaxi Zhaxi
Published: June 2024

With the progress and development of science and technology, the types and application range of fighter jets have become more diversified, and many aircrafts have been developed to be suitable for specific purposes. However, the multi-mission carrying role of aircraft has been very few, which makes different aircraft have their unique advantages or disadvantages, rather than the elite in all aspects. Herein, to gain a comprehensive understanding of the fighter jets, this paper mainly focuses on the F-16, which occupies the dominant position of the third-generation aircraft in the last century. In detail, the airframe structure, engine performance and weapon mounting capacity of F-16 have been deeply studied and compared with the contemporaneous aircrafts to show the superior performance of F-16. Overall, through this analysis of F-16, this study also aims to not only gain the better knowledge of this fighter jet, but also may provide some insights for the future development of fighters.
The present situation and the trend of development of urban public green space in the post-pandemic era
Authors: He Gaochang
Published: June 2024

COVID-19 has become one of the most dangerous viruses in the world since 2019. After long-time debate and a large amount of experiments, quarantine and self-isolation were claimed as the main measures of prevention. However, the policy of forcing people to stay at home limited their access to outside of their homes while also lowering the intensity of their usual exercise. As a result, public green space has become more important than ever for hosting peoples outdoor activities. This paper aims to highlight emerging questions at COVID-19 and public green space. This paper aims to confirm that the existence of improvement trend of importance of public green space after COVID-19 period. And aims to make out a new kind of public space design model. It can be concluded that the rational construction of public green spaces is of great significance to improving the living environment of residents.
Analysis of multi-UAV communication networking problem in constrained geographic environments based on improved simulated annealing optimization algorithm
Authors: Ma Zhennan
Published: June 2024

This paper conducts an in-depth exploration of UAV communication networking and path planning within geographically constrained environments. The study begins with necessary data preprocessing, which includes the conversion of latitude and longitude coordinates and the organization of antenna parameters. Through the development of a model based on coordinate geometry, this research effectively identifies communication blind spots and establishes a comprehensive geometric envelope for signal coverage. To enhance network efficiency and path planning, the paper introduces a hybrid optimization algorithm that combines simulated annealing and genetic algorithms. Simulated annealing is used to optimize the selection of communication types between network nodes, while genetic algorithms refine the UAV fleet's flight routes based on these communication strategies. This dual-layered approach allows for fine-tuned adjustments in response to dynamic environmental constraints. The effectiveness of this method is demonstrated through simulations, which reveal a communication coverage rate of 73.7272%. These results confirm that the proposed hybrid optimization technique significantly improves both communication coverage and operational efficiency of UAV networks in complex environments. This provides substantial theoretical insights and practical contributions to the field of UAV network optimization, which is particularly valuable for applications in remote or urban areas where geographical constraints pose significant challenges.
Evaluation of ecological governance in Hunan Province based on DPSIR model
Authors: Huan Yun , Shi Shengxu
Published: June 2024

An important part of the construction of ecological civilization is ecological governance, which is an important way to promote the healthy and sustainable development of economy and society. Based on the DPSIR conceptual model, an evaluation index system with 30 indexes is constructed to empirically evaluate the state of ecological governance in Hunan Province from 2006 to 2015. The evaluation results show that the overall level of ecological governance in Hunan Province shows an upward trend. In each subsystem, the development trend of driving force, state, impact and response subsystems is getting better, the development trend of pressure subsystem is getting worse, and the pressure on ecological governance is gradually increasing. Based on the research results, this paper puts forward countermeasures and suggestions for ecological governance in Hunan Province from the aspects of politics, economy, culture and society.
Development of community sustainability assessment methods in medium-sized cities in Chile
Authors: Zumelzu Antonio , Espinoza Daniel
Published: June 2024

Urban research related to sustainability is going through a rich experimental stage to explore different methods to deal with the current and future impacts of climate change on cities. This poses new challenges to the redevelopment of urban areas. These challenges are particularly relevant at a time of major urban transformation in the global south. This paper aims to develop a method to explore and evaluate the sustainable potential of urban morphology in the surrounding areas of medium-sized cities. The method involves six criteria related to the sustainability of built environment: scale, accessibility, diversity, connectivity, density and node. This approach applies to a community in Temuco, southern Chile. The results show the importance of building adaptive capacity to generate use diversity, which in turn promotes greater sustainability of urban morphology. On the other hand, the high population and housing density in residential areas reduce the pedestrian capacity of indoor streets, while the vertical mixed use and the change of urban block density are still the best response to promote social interaction and high collective activities in urban space. This paper summarizes the operational value of this method and reflects on the progress made in promoting the more sustainable urban form development of medium-sized cities in southern Chile in the future.
Construction of evaluation index system of ecological civilized city
Authors: Yu Xiuqin , Zhang Xinyi , Zheng Dandan
Published: June 2024

Ecological civilization city evaluation is the driving force and main means to promote the construction of urban ecological civilization. The establishment of evaluation index system is the key to the scientific and accuracy of ecological civilization city evaluation. The element structure method is adopted to build the evaluation index model according to the functions of urban government in economy, culture, society and environment. Build an evaluation index system for urban ecological economy, ecological culture, ecological society and ecological environment.
Urban biodiversity conservation planning integrating the analysis of green space structure and functional connection
Authors: Liu Yang , Ou Xiaoyang , Zheng Xi
Published: June 2024

The process of urbanization and population growth lead to the fragmentation of biological habitat and the loss of biodiversity. It is of great significance to use effective models and indicators to evaluate landscape connectivity and construct green space network for habitat restoration and biodiversity conservation. Taking Fengtai District of Beijing as an example, firstly, the optimal distance threshold of green space construction suitable for biological migration is discussed by using the connectivity index based on graph theory, and the source patches are selected according to the evaluation results of landscape connectivity. Secondly, the resistance surface is constructed by using the minimum cost path model, and the potential connection path of species migration is determined by Linkage Mapper tool. Finally, according to the relative importance of patch and corridor in the quantitative source of current density, the “pinch” area, which is very important to species migration, is identified, and the model recognition results are compared with the empirical observation results of remote sensing satellite map and bird abundance. The results showed that the ecological base of green space in the western part of the study area was good, which provided the main habitat for species, and the patch fragmentation of green space in the central and eastern regions was serious, so it was necessary to increase urban green space as a stepping stone for species migration in pinch areas. The circuit model focusing on species diffusion is introduced in the study, which makes up for the lack of urban green space network construction method at the level of biodiversity conservation, clarifies the present situation of habitat quality and the future development of green space network in Fengtai District of Beijing, and provides scientific reference for the optimization of regional green space pattern and biodiversity conservation planning strategy.
Incorporating perceived responsibility on tourism sustainability in tourist typology through the knowledge gap theory
Authors: Chi Lam Cindia Ching , Zhao Ying , Leong Eliza Si Kei
Published: June 2024

This study investigates the application of knowledge gap theory in the context of tourism sustainability, examining the perceptions that varying types of tourists have about their own responsibilities to tourism sustainability, with regard to preferences on tourism information and travel modes. This study aims to develop a typology of tourists based on perceived self-responsibility towards tourism sustainability. A mixed-methods approach was employed, starting with the focus group followed by a survey. Data were gathered from three cities, resulting in 864 valid samples for the final analysis. The findings suggested that although most samples endorsed tourism sustainability indicators, obvious disparity was found in perceived self-responsibility across sample groups, particularly among those with a preference for digital information. Four distinct tourist types were identified based on their perceived self-responsibility on tourism sustainability. The results offer crucial insights for policymakers and industry stakeholders in fostering sustainable tourism practices for target tourist segments. By identifying and bridging knowledge gaps and customizing strategies to cater to various tourist demographics, a more responsible and sustainable approach to tourism can be cultivated.
Exploring tourism SMEs crisis management practices during Covid-19 at Boudha, Kathmandu
Authors: Oli Asmita , Devkota Niranjan , Danuwar Ranjana Kumari , Kayestha Mijala , Dhakal Ajaya , Baral Deep Kumar , Timalsina Dhurba Prasad , Koirala Amita , Tiwari Devi Raman
Published: June 2024

The worldwide tourism industry alone expanded by 3.9% in 2018, contributing $8.8 trillion in sales and 319 million jobs to the global economy. The COVID-19 pandemic, which began to spread around the planet in 2020, had an impact on every aspect of life. Though many studies have explored COVID-19’s effects on tourism SMEs in Nepal, there’s a significant lack of research on their crisis management strategies during the pandemic. Thus, this study aims to measure the crisis management techniques used by small and medium-sized businesses (SMEs) in the Boudha Area during the COVID-19 epidemic. The study uses an explanatory research design to analyze a comprehensive understanding of how the Boudha Area’s SMEs in the tourism industry handled the crisis of SMEs in the Kathmandu Valley. Non-probability with convenient sampling is used for the study. Data is collected through 403 SMEs using a structural questionnaire, and data collection is done using Kobo Toolbox. Structural Equation Modeling (SEM) using Partial Least Squares (PLS) version 4.0 is adopted for data analysis. The result shows a significant relationship between cost control and expected assistance with crisis management, while marketing and organizational support have an insignificant relationship with crisis management. Similarly, during COVID-19, 90.82% of the businesses had closed their businesses, and 47.89% of SMEs had closed for 3 months. Additionally, 88.09% of SMEs faced losses during COVID-19, and to maintain the crisis 46.4% of SMEs used their income to handle crises during COVID-19, and 93.3% of SMEs reduced their expenses to manage the crisis.
El crecimiento del niño venezolano
Authors: Méndez Castellano Hernán
Published: June 2024

Se admite que durante el proceso de crecimiento de todo ser vivo se producen dos hechos fundamentales: El crecimiento en masa de los tejidos es lo que podríamos denominar crecimiento cuantitativo, cuantificable por la medición de las variables: peso, talla y aumento de los segmentos, características dinámicas promoviendo cambios de forma hasta lograr la diversidad de forma del ser vivo adulto. Este fenómeno cuantitativo se puede igualmente denominar “velocidad de crecimiento” caracterizado por fáciles y frecuentes influencias ambientales, tales como situación nutricional y morbilidad por enfermedades agudas o crónicas. El segundo fenómeno biológico, conocido como maduración tiene características en el orden “cualitativo” y se expresa por cambios en la estructura de los tejidos. Tales cambios, dan origen a su vez a la desaparición de algunas funciones, aparición de otras nuevas o perfeccionamiento de funciones ya adquiridas. La evaluación de este fenómeno en escala evolutiva nos permite obtener datos sobre los diferentes estadios biológicos que se suceden en el ser vivo, hasta lograr la forma adulta. Esta maduración biológica, es difícilmente influenciada por los factores ambientales señalados con anterioridad. Sin embargo, los dos procesos están íntimamente ligados, y en la mayoría de las veces, se suceden simultáneamente; de esta manera, los factores genéticos y endocrinos influencian simultáneamente, junto con los factores ambientales todo el proceso de crecimiento del ser vivo. El estado biopsicológico está determinado por el genotipo, las condiciones de vida previas, por la percepción individual de estas experiencias previas. Dicho de otro modo, el hombre es el resultado de los factores ambientales favorables sobre su potencial genético. Este potencial genético está determinado y cifrado a nivel molecular, y es el resultado de cambios en la evolución de la especie que se definieron a través de muchas generaciones.
Informe de seguimiento a los impactos de la Emergencia Humanitaria Compleja en Venezuela tras el confinamiento por la pandemia de COVID1
Authors:   Fundación Bengoa
Published: June 2024

Se presenta un resumen de la actualización de las mediciones de la Emergencia Humanitaria Compleja (EHC) que llevan a cabo en HumVenezuela.”, de las mediciones de pobreza, alimentación, inseguridad alimentaria, hambre crónica y desnutrición. En los La EHC arribó a su séptimo año en 2022, causando masivas, múltiples y severas privaciones de derechos que se manifiestan en pobreza, hambre, violencia, colapso de servicios básicos, ausentismo y abandono escolar, mala salud, muertes evitables y la mayor y más veloz migración forzosa ocurrida hasta ahora en los países de América Latina y el Caribe”. Presenta el impacto de la llegada en marzo 2020, de la pandemia de COVID que ocasionó una profundización de la situación de emergencias, que incrementó los niveles de las privaciones existentes durante el transcurso de 2020 y gran parte de 2021. Así como también lo ocurrido, después de la flexibilización de las restricciones a la movilidad por el territorio y la reanudación de actividades, que se expresa en una leve mejoría en los impactos de la EHC durante el primer trimestre de 2022, pero con una escala de privación mayor a la observada antes de la pandemia. Los impactos de la Emergencia Humanitaria Compleja, de marzo 2020 a marzo 2022 en un total de 28,7 millones de personas para 2021, la EHC en Venezuela continuaba impactando a más del 90% de la población, causando el deterioro sostenido de sus condiciones de vida, hasta marzo 2022.
Fatigue Driving Detection and Early Warning System based on EEG Signals
Authors: Wang Luoluo , Zhang Min , Zhou Jiexin , Zhong Wenhuan , Deng Ruihui , Chen Shanxin
Published: June 2024

The fatigue driving detection and warning system based on EEG signals aims to use EEG technology to monitor the mental state of drivers in real time, so as to identify and warn fatigue driving behavior in time, so as to improve road safety. The design of the system is based on a deep understanding of the connection between EEG signals and the fatigue state, by analyzing the changes in frequency bands such as α wave, β wave, θ wave and δ wave, which are closely related to the alert state and fatigue in humans. The development of the system first considers the main factors induced by fatigue, such as sleep deprivation, long work hours and environmental monotony, which can significantly affect the activity of brain waves. From these physiological and environmental factors, the system requirements analysis emphasizes the need for real-time data processing and high accuracy, as well as a user interface design that provides clear and intuitive feedback to users (drivers and regulators). In terms of implementation, the system integrates EEG monitoring equipment for data acquisition, uses advanced signal processing algorithm to extract fatigue-related features, and uses machine learning model for real-time analysis and fatigue state determination. In addition, the system design includes an emergency response mechanism, once signs of fatigue are detected, it can automatically trigger an alarm, issue a warning to the driver, and if necessary through the vehicle control system to ensure driving safety. This comprehensive system not only improves driving safety, but also provides strong data support for traffic management departments.
Carbonated Durability of Premixed Concrete with Carbon Dioxide as an Admixture
Authors: Liu Zijian
Published: June 2024

The cement manufacturing industry emits a large amount of CO2 during the production process, exacerbating environmental problems such as greenhouse effect. To solve this problem, researchers in the engineering field have developed a large number of new technologies and products to reduce carbon emissions when using Portland cement concrete. Among them, injecting CO2 into fresh concrete is a direct approach to the topic. However, further research is needed on its carbon sequestration efficiency and whether it will have adverse effects on the durability of concrete structures. This article summarizes the current research status of pre mixed concrete using CO2 as an admixture, analyzes its carbon sequestration efficiency, and based on a concrete carbonation durability life prediction model, analyzes the impact of CO2 injection on carbonation durability life during concrete mixing.
Toxicity Study of Sulfonamides Antibiotics
Authors: Dai Yilun
Published: June 2024

Antibiotics refer to organic substances produced by plants, animals, microorganisms and other organisms in the course of their life activities or obtained by other methods, which can selectively inhibit or affect other organisms at low concentrations. According to the chemical structure, sulfonamides (SAs), tetracycline, etc. can be divided into sulfonamides, and veterinary antibiotics, agricultural antibiotics, medical antibiotics, etc. can be divided into sulfonamides according to the source. Antibiotics can inhibit cell growth and reproduction, and have been continuously synthesized since the advent of penicillin in 1929. At present, antibiotics have become one of the most widely used and used drugs in the world, not only for the prevention and treatment of human and animal diseases, but also as animal feed.
Study on Catalytic Degradation Efficiency and Mechanism of Ofloxacin Using Titanium Composite Electrode
Authors: Liu Yukuo , Lei Jiashuo , Wang Hao
Published: June 2024

Ofloxacin (OFX) is a third-generation fluoroquinolone antibiotic widely used to treat respiratory diseases and infections. Due to improper discharge treatment, it can be detected in a variety of aquatic environments such as pharmaceutical wastewater and surface water. In addition, ofloxacin is not easily biodegradable, has toxic effects on aquatic organisms and crops, and cannot be fully removed by conventional treatment. Therefore, it is an important research topic to find effective ways to degrade ofloxacin and reduce its harm to human body and environment. Photocatalysis is a technology that uses solar energy to convert light energy into chemical energy, which can effectively remove refractory organic matter in water environment. The single photocatalytic technology has the problems of low conversion of light energy and slow reaction rate, but the photocatalytic technology can reduce the photogenerated carrier recombination by introducing an external electric field, so as to improve the energy utilization rate and reaction rate. In this paper, Ti/SnO2-Sb (TSSA) electrode material coupled particle electrode was used to realize the treatment of ofloxacin in wastewater containing antibiotics, and the introduction of particle electrode into photoelectric catalysis was explored, and the coupling system was constructed to enhance its catalytic performance.
Thinking and Practice of Senior High School English Teachers' Professional Development from the Perspective of Research Project
Authors: Li Jiali
Published: June 2024

In order to promote the sustainable development of students, teachers also need to keep pace with the times and constantly improve their professional level, and research project is an effective way to promote the professional development of senior high school English teachers. This paper discusses the significance of research project to the professional development of senior high school English teachers, and then analyzes the problems existing in the research, such as the lack of awareness of the problem and the unreality of the research question, the ambiguity of the research object, the non-standard management of the research and the poor planning of the research process, the lack of theoretical application ability, the insufficient persuasion of the research results and the inadequate promotion. Finally, some suggestions are put forward to improve the existing problems, so that give teachers who are eager to do research some ideas and inspiration, and promote the long-term development of teachers specialization.
Analysis of Metaphors in The Old Man and the Sea from the Perspective of Cognitive Linguistics
Authors: Wu Yaobin
Published: June 2024

There has been growing interest in investigating metaphors in literary works recently. However, most studies in the field of metaphor have only focused on its rhetorical function. However, little research has been carried out from the perspective of cognitive linguistics. This study adopts a cognitive linguistics approach to explore how conceptual metaphors function in literary works based on some analyses of the well-known novel The Old Man and the Sea from the perspective of cognitive linguistics. The results show that conceptual metaphors do play a very important role which helps people comprehend literary works much better. In the point of cognitive linguistics, metaphor is a kind of mapping tool and plays an important role in understanding some abstract concepts with specific things. Therefore, conceptual metaphors could definitely reveal the thinking mode of mankind to a great degree. And this study confirms the complex association between conceptual metaphors and The Old Man and the Sea. On the one hand, the findings in this study seek to understand and explain the role of metaphors in novel writing. On the other hand, it also presents a new way of appreciating literary works.
Finite Element Analysis and Optimization of PDCPD New Material Wall Formwork
Authors: Zhu Zihao
Published: June 2024

Thermosetting polydicyclopentadiene (PDCPD) is a new material with high performance, which is expected to replace the traditional steel in the application of cast-in-place formwork components in house construction. In this paper, the finite element model is established by Abaqus to simulate and analyze the floor formwork with the largest size and span in the engineering example, so as to verify the feasibility of this component. The results show that the strength of the floor formwork meets the requirements under the vertical pressure of concrete, but its deformation does not meet the requirements. Therefore, the design optimization is carried out on the basis of the original design, and the main longitudinal ribs are reinforced with steel plates along the span direction. The verification results show that the optimization scheme is suitable.
Measures to Reduce Writing Anxiety in High School Students
Authors: Pan Junnan
Published: June 2024

Writing is a fundamental skill in modern English language education in China, serving as a means of language output and a crucial criterion for evaluating English proficiency. As teaching reforms progress and the college entrance examination system evolves, the significance of English writing has grown, accompanied by heightened expectations for high school students' writing abilities. However, the reality of high school classrooms often reveals students' apprehension and anxiety towards writing, impeding their progress in this area. Consequently, this study aims to delve into the origins of writing anxiety in high school English classrooms and propose constructive teaching suggestions to alleviate students' anxiety, ultimately enhancing the quality and proficiency of their English writing.
Application of ZigBee Technology in Smart Soil Temperature and Humidity Control Systems
Authors: Zhong Xiaolei , Qiao Rui , Wang Xin
Published: June 2024

As global food security increasingly becomes a focus, challenges faced by Chinese agriculture are particularly prominent. This study introduces an intelligent monitoring and control system for soil temperature and humidity using ZigBee technology, aimed at enhancing agricultural production efficiency and crop yield. The system's core, equipped with an STC89C52 microcontroller and DHT11 temperature and humidity sensors, gathers data and wirelessly transmits it to a central control unit via ZigBee modules, which then automatically adjusts the agricultural production environment to ensure crops grow in the most ideal soil temperature and humidity conditions. Compared to traditional methods, this system achieves remote monitoring and precise control, providing an innovative solution for modern agricultural production. Experiments prove that the system not only improves control accuracy but also significantly enhances operational convenience and response speed, playing an important role in promoting the development of smart agriculture.
اثر الأسلوبين التبادلي والمجموعات الصغيرة في تنمية التفاعل الاجتماعي وتطوير الأداء المهاري لبعض المهارات الأساسية بكرة القدم
Authors: فائق يونس علي السبعاوي
Published: June 2024

تعتبر اساليب التدريس مكوناً مهماً من مكونات العملية التعليمية، والمدرس الناجح هو من ينوع من اساليب تدريسه وبما يتناسب مع قدرات المتعلمين، وتبرز مشكلة البحث في انه على الرغم من تعدد اساليب التدريس إلا انه لا زال التدريس مقتصراً على الأسلوب الامري ولا سيما في مواد التربية الرياضية التي تتسم بالطابع العملي والذي يعكس الدور السلبي للطالب في العملية التعليمية، لذا يهدف البحث إلى الكشف عن اثر الأسلوبين التبادلي والمجموعات الصغيرة في تنمية التفاعل الاجتماعي وتطوير الأداء المهاري لبعض المهارات الأساسية بكرة القدم لدى طلاب السنة الدراسية الأولى في قسم التربية البدنية وعلوم الرياضة في كلية التربية الأساسية بجامعة الموصل للعام الدراسي 2023-2024، استخدم الباحث المنهج التجريبي، واشتملت عينة البحث على(40) طالباً يمثلون الشعبتين (1 و 3) وبواقع (20) طالب في كل شعبة، حيث مارست شعبة (1) التدريس بالأسلوب التبادلي لتمثل المجموعة التجريبية الأولى، أما شعبة (3) فمارست التدريس بأسلوب المجموعات الصغيرة لتمثل المجموعة التجريبية الثانية، وتم اجراء التجانس للمجموعتين في متغيرات (العمر، الكتلة، الطول) فضلاً عن التحقق من التكافؤ في الاختبار القبلي في متغيرات البحث التابعة، وتم تنفيذ وحدات الأسلوبين، اذ بلغ عددها (8) وحدات وبواقع وحدة واحدة اسبوعياً لكل مجموعة، ثم تم تنفيذ الاختبارات البعدية على المجموعتين، واستخدم الباحث البرنامج الاحصائي SPSS للوصول الى النتائج ، واظهرت النتائج افضلية الأسلوب التبادلي في تطوير الأداء المهاري لمهارات كرة القدم، بينما بينت افضلية اسلوب المجموعات الصغيرة في تنمية التفاعل الاجتماعي لدى الطلاب، واوصى الباحث بإمكانية استخدام الأسلوبين في تدريس الطلاب لما لهما من تأثير ايجابي في تنمية التفاعل الاجتماعي وتطوير الأداء المهاري للمهارات الأساسية بكرة القدم. وهذا ما يحقق احد اهداف التنمية المستدامة للامم المتحدة في العراق (التعليم الجيد).
ORDENAMENTO TERRITORIAL COMO VETOR DE (IN)JUSTIÇA SOCIAL: UM ESTUDO DE CASO DA PLANÍCIE COSTEIRA DE ESTÂNCIA/SE
Authors: Prata Marçal Lukas Martins
Published: June 2024

O cenário do capitalismo globalizado é de acelerado desenvolvimento de informações, tecnologias e formas de alavancar o lucro de grandes corporações. Em contradição, as formas de agressão ao meio ambiente e a grupos mais vulneráveis tendem a se agravar. É nesse contexto que surge o debate sobre Justiça Ambiental, no sentido de defender o meio ambiente e grupos sociais vulneráveis. Nesse artigo serão abordadas as concepções sobre o território, ordenamento territorial, (in)justiça ambiental, trazendo como exemplo o caso das comunidades da Associação das Catadoras de Mangaba do Povoado Manoel Dias (ASCAMADE) e da Associação Comunitária de Moradores da Praia do Abaís em Estância/SE, atingidas pelo avanço da especulação imobiliária. Incialmente este trabalho foi embasado por revisão bibliográfica sobre temas supracitados e numa segunda etapa foi realizado trabalho de campo. Numa terceira etapa foi feito o cruzamento de informações coletadas no trabalho de campo com o embasamento teórico. Foi possível constatar que o avanço de empreendimentos na área tem impactado de forma negativa os grupos vulneráveis em estudo. Sendo assim, torna-se urgente ações do Estado para mediar os conflitos entre os atores do capital e as comunidades locais, bem como fortalecer a governança no nível local.
Long chikungunya? An overview to immunopathology of persistent arthralgia
Authors: Silveira-Freitas Jayme Euclydes Picasky , Campagnolo Maria Luiza , dos Santos Cortez Mariana , de Melo Fabrício Freire , Zarpelon-Schutz Ana Carla , Teixeira Kádima Nayara
Published: June 2024

Chikungunya fever (CF) is caused by an arbovirus whose manifestations are extremely diverse, and it has evolved with significant severity in recent years. The clinical signs triggered by the Chikungunya virus are similar to those of other arboviruses. Generally, fever starts abruptly and reaches high levels, followed by severe polyarthralgia and myalgia, as well as an erythematous or petechial maculopapular rash, varying in severity and extent. Around 40% to 60% of affected individuals report persistent arthralgia, which can last from months to years. The symptoms of CF mainly represent the tissue tropism of the virus rather than the immunopathogenesis triggered by the host's immune system. The main mechanisms associated with arthralgia have been linked to an increase in T helper type 17 cells and a consequent increase in receptor activator of nuclear factor kappa-Β ligand and bone resorption. This review suggests that persistent arthralgia results from the presence of viral antigens post-infection and the constant activation of signaling lymphocytic activation molecule family member 7 in synovial macrophages, leading to local infiltration of CD4+ T cells, which sustains the inflammatory process in the joints through the secretion of pro-inflammatory cytokines. The term "long chikungunya" was used in this review to refer to persistent arthralgia since, due to its manifestation over long periods after the end of the viral infection, this clinical condition seems to be characterized more as a sequel than as a symptom, given that there is no active infection involved.
Hydroxychloroquine-azithromycin, doubase C, and QTc prolongation in congolese patients with COVID-19: Myth or reality?
Authors: Madioko Makanzu Brady , Makulo Jean-Robert , Ndona Mandina Madone , Wumba Dimosi Roger , Mashi Longokolo Murielle , Situakibanza Hippolyte , Odio Ossam , Sonzi Mangala Donat , Mihigo Bashengezi Constantin , Kabwe Mwilambwe Benjamin , Kabanda Kurhenga Gilbert , Longo-Mbenza Benjamin , Mwimba Mbungu Roger
Published: June 2024

BACKGROUND

QTc interval prolongation with an increased risk of torsade de pointes (Tsd) has been described in coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) patients treated with hydroxychloroquine (HCQ) and azithromycin (AZI) in Western countries. In the DR Congo, few studies have evaluated the safety of this association or proposed new molecules.

AIM

To determine the incidence of QTc prolongation and Tsd in COVID-19 patients treated with HCQ-AZIs vs doubase C (new molecule).

METHODS

In present randomized clinical trial, we have included patients with mild or moderate COVID-19 treated with either HCQ-AZI or doubase C. Electrocardiogram (ECG) changes on day 14 of randomization were determined based on pretreatment tracing. Prolonged QTc was defined as ≥ 500 ms on day 14 or an increase of ≥ 80 ms compared to pretreatment tracing. Patients with cardiac disease, those undergoing other treatments likely to prolong QTc, and those with disturbed ECG tracings were excluded from the study.

RESULTS

The study included 258 patients (mean age 41 ± 15 years; 52% men; 3.4% diabetics, 11.1% hypertensive). Mild and moderate COVID-19 were found in 93.5% and 6.5% of patients, respectively. At baseline, all patients had normal sinus rhythm, a mean heart rate 78 ± 13/min, mean PR space 170 ± 28 ms, mean QRS 76 ± 13 ms, and mean QTc 405 ± 30 ms. No complaints suggesting cardiac involvement were reported during or after treatment. Only four patients (1.5%) experienced QTc interval prolongation beyond 500 ms. Similarly, only five patients (1.9%) had an increase in the QTc interval of more than 80 ms. QTc prolongation was more significant in younger patients, those with high viral load at baseline, and those receiving HCQ-AZI (P < 0.05). None of the patients developed Tsd.

CONCLUSION

QTc prolongation without Tsd was observed at a lower frequency in patients treated with HCQ-AZI vs doubase C. The absence of comorbidities and concurrent use of other products that are likely to cause arrhythmia may explain our results.
A Text Type-Specific Approach to Plain Legal Language and its Implications on Machine Translation
Authors: Balogh Dorka
Published: June 2024

Most characteristics of the legal language go against the idea of plain legal language. However, there are huge differences regarding the extent to which these characteristics are manifested in various legal text types. That said, the need for plain legal language usage is also subject to the type of the given text. The paper introduces some typical scenarios of legal communication by grouping legal genres into functional text type categories, as the function of the text, together with its recipients, determine whether the complexity of legal language may or may not be disregarded in a given legal text. But even when simplification seems justified, there are serious obstacles and risks in using plain legal language, some of which are also approached from the perspective of genres and text types. It is suggested in the paper that regarding written legal texts, syntactical and structural changes are a safe way to increase comprehensibility as opposed to lexical alterations.
The Legislative Text as a Legal Story: a Storytelling Approach to Contemporary Legislative Drafting
Authors: Jopek-Bosiacka Anna
Published: June 2024

A recent approach to legislative drafting, seen in common law jurisdictions which particularly praise plain and accessible legal communication, includes the presentation of legislative provisions to readers in a storytelling format. The legislative story develops progressively, by introducing legal characters, and describing relations, activities, and events. The paper draws on a number of drafting techniques, namely narrative-style drafting, the location of legal definitions in the structure of a legislative act, new types of legal definitions, the formal identification of terms and their signposting, as well as directness and personal tone. Based on various Commonwealth drafting directions, a legislative text is perceived and analyzed as a legal story written by lawyers and legislative drafters. This is in line with the discursive approaches of text linguists, such as De Beaugrande and Dressler, or van Dijk and Kintsch, who looked at the text as a process. Thus, text linguistics might be an adequate methodological framework to describe a legislative narrative. To successfully tell a legislative story, the identified elements of the storytelling approach are needed, such as a coherent conceptual framework, clear formal identification of terms, their adequate location in the structure of a legislative act, and more. The storytelling approach in common law legislation may be worth considering in continental (civil law) jurisdictions to improve the readability, accessibility, and clarity of laws.
Modal Analyses Of Rotor Wake By Means Of Time-Resolved PIV Measurements
Authors: Ceglia G. , De Gregorio F.
Published: June 2024

Data-driven decomposition methods, i.e., Proper Orthogonal Decomposition (POD) and Dynamic Mode Decomposition (DMD), have been exploited for analyzing time-resolved PIV measurements of tip vortices shed by a four-bladed isolated rotor in hovering conditions. Two rotor speeds at either ω = 2π∙29.9 H z or 2π∙26.3 Hz have been explored, defining two test cases TC1 or TC2, respectively. Under these regimes, the corresponding aerodynamic loads, in terms of thrust coefficient, lead to CT = 5.5 × 10^-3 or 5.4 × 10^-3, and, of figures of merit, FM = 0.47 or 0.46, respectively. The travel of the tip vortices determines on average a wake contraction inward the radial direction, which effect is more pronounced as the thrust diminishes. During their evolution, momentum addition of the quiescent ambient air is imposed by the advection of the corotating vortex travel. This culminates further downstream where the pairing process of two consecutive vortices occurs. These dynamical mechanisms have been studied in detail using modal analyses. The dominance of the periodic shedding of the tip vortices was captured by both the modal decompositions. The first pair of POD modes describe the spatial organization of the tip vortices and the pairing region. The corresponding time coefficients include multiple frequency peaks discerning the most prominent contribution ascribed to the tip vortex shedding. Dually, the analysis by the DMD method indicates the tip vortices as the most dynamic flow feature. Secondary flow structures are found for TC1 in correspondence of the shear layer and the developed wake, having a characteristic frequency of the order of the rotor speed. Whereas for TC2 it is found that small vortical structures concur to the build-up of the complete vortical dynamic, they are characterized by a doubled frequency than that measured for the tip vortices.
Vortex Dislocation In The Near Wake Of A Cylinder With Span-Wise Variations In Diameter
Authors: Ayancik F. , Siegel L. , He G. , Henning A. , Mulleners K.
Published: June 2024

We examined the evolution of three-dimensional vortex shedding patterns induced by spanwise variations of the cylinder diameter. Two distinct types of shedding patterns have identified through flow visualization: continuous (in-phase) oblique shedding where vortices shed with lower frequency stay attached to the vortices with higher frequency without any discontinuity or splitting and discontinuous (out-of-phase) shedding where the lower frequency vortices have no attachment to higher frequency vortices and vortex dislocation occurs. The dislocation seen in the flow is strongly influenced by the span wise irregularities. We observed a clear and strong in-phase spanwise vortex shedding for the three smooth cylinder configurations tested in the study. The tapered, bumps and steps configurations showed sections of strong coherent spanwise vortex shedding, and we identified hardly any coherent structures for the rib, sinusoidal, and helical configurations. Depending on the geometry and number of span wise irregularities, incoherent structures make difficult to determine the occurrence and location of vortex dislocations in the cylinder wake without a method that enables a reduction in the complexity. Here, we introduce a numerical approach that obtains the dominant structures of vortex shedding patterns by reducing the complexity in noisy data. The method maps the variations in the oblique shedding angle over time and provide quantitative conclusions on the intermittent occurrence and location of vortex dislocations in the 15000 snapshots taken for each of the different cylinder geometries regardless of turbulence.
Turbulent Pipe Flow Subjected To A Mild Straining
Authors: Gawandalkar U. U. , Westerweel J. , Elsinga G. E.
Published: June 2024

Turbulent pipe flow passing through a contraction is measured using planar PIV. The considered Reynolds numbers based on the pre-contraction pipe diameter are between Re_D = 12,300 and 47,900. The dimensionless strain rate imposed by the present contraction is restricted to 2.0, which means that the staining is rapid with respect to the integral time scale. When normalized with the Kolmogorov time scale, the strain is approximately unity at the center of the pipe. Therefore, the imposed strain is considered to be mild. It is found that the response of the streamwise velocity fluctuations (large scales) follow the predictions by Rapid Distortion Theory (RDT) within the experimental uncertainty. However, the radial velocity fluctuations, which are associated with smaller scales as compared to streamwise fluctuations, show a delayed response to the imposed strain. Such a delay is inconsistent with RDT. The present measurements, therefore, suggest a scale-depend response in agreement with some observations in other flows. The anomalous behavior of radial velocity fluctuations is discussed in relation to the coherent structures present in a turbulent pipe flow.
Shake-The-Box 3D particle tracking for two-pulse recordings
Authors: Novara M. , Schanz D. , Schröder A.
Published: June 2024

The Shake-The-Box (STB) three-dimensional Lagrangian Particle Tracking (LPT) technique introduced the concept of particle prediction in order to integrate the temporal domain into the particle reconstruction process based on Iterative Particle Reconstruction. Taking advantage of long time-resolved (TR) recording sequences, the STB technique is able to cope with high particle image densities while delivering the accurate measurement of the particles position, velocity and acceleration along individual tracks. The Multi-Pulse STB extended the range of applicability of the algorithm to high flow velocities, where time-resolved recordings cannot be attained due to the limitation frequency of the high-speed acquisition systems, by adopting multi-pulse systems (i.e. dual illumination and imaging setup). Nevertheless, dual-frame 3D acquisition systems, consisting in a dual-cavity laser and double-frame cameras, remain commonly used for many particle-image-based investigations in a wide range of flow velocities and applications. As a consequence, a 3D LPT approach capable of dealing with two-pulse recordings is of high interest for both the scientific community and industry. In the present study, a Two-Pulse Shake-The-Box approach (TP-STB) is proposed, based on the advanced IPR algorithm presented by Jahn et al. 2021, in combination with the iterative scheme of reconstruction and tracking introduced for the Multi-Pulse STB algorithm development. The performances of TP-STB are assessed by means of comparison with the results from the time-resolved STB algorithm (TR-STB) on synthetic data. Application to an experimental dataset of Rayleigh-Bénard-Convection proves the concept in real-life conditions.
Wave Transformation And Air Entrainment By A Harmonically Forced Plunging Jet
Authors: Relph S. T. L. , Kiger K. T.
Published: June 2024

It is known that air may be entrained by a plunging jet even when that jet is relatively small and slow, so long as it has significant disturbances. In the current work, harmonic disturbances of controlled frequency and amplitude are used to produce air entrainment. At sufficient frequency and amplitude, the harmonic jet disturbances cause azimuthal subharmonic waves on the plunge pool surface to appear, oscillating at half of the forcing frequency. These subharmonic waves interact with the jet flow to entrain air at lower disturbance amplitudes and jet velocities than previously documented. The dependence of the wave shape and inception criteria on jet parameters, namely frequency and diameter, is investigated, giving results that agree well with past investigations of azimuthal waves driven by surface-piercing bodies. The number of azimuthal wave lobes may be understood as the ratio of the perimeter length of the forced jet and the wavelength of the resulting azimuthal water waves, given by nwaves = Ckf/2rj, where C is the ratio of the wave and jet diameters. In past experiments, C was approximately 1.2, but with much smaller liquid jets, we found that C can be as high as 1.4-2. The volumetric flow rate of entrained air was measured directly, by way of a capture hood, enabling investigation of air entrainment behavior, and it is concluded that the resultant air flow rate is dependent on several factors, including jet frequency, azimuthal wave mode number, jet velocity, and the jet disturbance amplitude. The influence of several of these factors was determined by the use of an effective bubble size parameter, hypothesizing that every wave trough during every wave cycle was equally likely to entrain air, an assumption that appears borne out in fact. This effective bubble size, free of the influences of forcing frequency and wave mode number, was found to depend on the forcing intensity in an approximately linear fashion, at least for forcing amplitudes close to those required for entrainment inception. Jet and wave measurements were conducted using high speed videography, enabling quantitative measurements of the nearjet wave amplitude, as well as the size and spectral nature of the jet disturbances.
Workplace AI in China: The changing profile of work and labour
Authors: Sun Nikki
Published: June 2024

The use of AI in Chinese workplaces and the impact on employees offers important lessons for the roll-out of this technology around the world. China places few restrictions on developers, and this environment has enabled the rapid emergence of a wide range of AI tools. AI integration in China is largely driven by market forces and competition, favouring business interests over those of employees, which has left workers vulnerable to exploitation. For the most part, these impacts disproportionately affect those in low-skilled jobs, particularly in lower value-added sectors, such as raw materials processing, which often use AI solutions more aggressively in workforce management due to narrower profit margins. As this technology continues to develop at speed, international policymakers must comprehensively evaluate the role of AI in the workplace to avoid negative and unforeseen consequences. In this respect, insights from China are critical.