bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Prevalence, Risk Factors, and Outcomes of Bacteremic Pneumonia in Children
Authors: Fritz Cristin Q. , Edwards Kathryn M. , Self Wesley H. , Grijalva Carlos G. , Zhu Yuwei , Arnold Sandra R. , McCullers Jonathan A. , Ampofo Krow , Pavia Andrew T. , Wunderink Richard G. , Anderson Evan J. , Bramley Anna M. , Jain Seema , Williams Derek J.
Published: June 2019

BACKGROUND:

Previous studies examining bacteremia in hospitalized children with pneumonia are limited by incomplete culture data. We sought to determine characteristics of children with bacteremic pneumonia using data from a large prospective study with systematic blood culturing.

METHODS:

Children <18 years hospitalized with pneumonia and enrolled in the multicenter Etiology of Pneumonia in the Community study between January 2010 and June 2012 were eligible. Bivariate comparisons were used to identify factors associated with bacteremia. Associations between bacteremia and clinical outcomes were assessed by using Cox proportional hazards regression for length of stay and logistic regression for ICU admission and invasive mechanical ventilation or shock.

RESULTS:

Blood cultures were obtained in 2143 (91%) of 2358 children; 46 (2.2%) had bacteremia. The most common pathogens were Streptococcus pneumoniae (n = 23, 50%), Staphylococcus aureus (n = 6, 13%), and Streptococcus pyogenes (n = 4, 9%). Characteristics associated with bacteremia included male sex, parapneumonic effusion, lack of chest indrawing or wheezing, and no previous receipt of antibiotics. Children with bacteremia had longer lengths of stay (median: 5.8 vs 2.8 days; adjusted hazard ratio: 0.79 [0.73–0.86]) and increased odds of ICU admission (43% vs 21%; adjusted odds ratio: 5.21 [3.82–6.84]) and invasive mechanical ventilation or shock (30% vs 8%; adjusted odds ratio: 5.28 [2.41–11.57]).

CONCLUSIONS:

Bacteremia was uncommonly detected in this large multicenter cohort of children hospitalized with community-acquired pneumonia but was associated with severe disease. S pneumoniae was detected most often. Blood culture was of low yield in general but may have greater use in those with parapneumonic effusion and ICU admission.
Os deslimites da palavra de Manoel de Barros
Authors: De Andrade Geysiane
Published: June 2019

Manoel de Barros se traduziu na liberdade e no encantamento dos versos, em um trabalho artesanal com as palavras. Na linguagem, construiu um infinito particular, onde desvela muito mais do que as belezas do Pantanal, mas a grandeza do homem e da vida, uma poesia contemporânea que dialoga com a tradição simbolista e moderna. Exemplo disso é O livro das Ignorãças, no qual o autor apresenta seu percurso criativo e as origens de sua criação poética, transformando o ínfimo, o nada e as miudezas em pura poesia. Assim, este trabalho apresenta um pouco do projeto poético de Barros, especialmente no livro em questão, refletindo sobre seu processo criativo de acordo com algumas das teorias da criação poética.  *** The unlimits of the word of Manoel de Barros ***Manoel de Barros translated himself into the freedom and enchantment of the verses, in a handcrafted work with words. In language, he constructed a particular infinite, where he unveils much more than the beauties of Pantanal, but the greatness of man and life, contemporary poetry that dialogues with the symbolism and modern tradition. A great example is O livro das Ignorãças, in which the author presents his creative journey and the origins of his poetic creation, transforming the tiny, the nothingness and the offal into pure poetry. Thus, this paper presents a little of the poetic project of Barros, especially in this book, reflecting on its creative process according to some poetic creation theories.Keywords: Poetry; Manoel de Barros; Modern lyric; Poetic creation.
Morte, linguagem e xamanismo em "Passagem das horas" de Álvaro de Campos
Authors: Marques Amanda Fievet
Published: June 2019

O presente trabalho tem como objetivo realizar uma análise da estrutura do poema “Passagem das horas” de Álvaro de Campos. Ao considerar o próprio desenvolvimento dos versos, a manifestação da morte na linguagem poética tal como aqui aparece, intenciona-se pensar de que forma a variação linguística no estilo de Álvaro de Campos é uma forma de morte e uma ruptura com relação à usual concepção de morte, a realização de um êxtase, que em termos semióticos, considera-se xamânico. A esse propósito, investigar-se-ão as particularidades de cada uma das três seções do poema. Primeiro, o eu lírico reconta as lembranças várias de sua própria vida, a partir da qual constitui-se um sensacionismo nostálgico. Segundo, o eu lírico angustia-se diante da morte, em termos de uma linguagem antitética e anafórica. Terceiro, o eu lírico realiza uma aclamação à morte ou um transe xamânico, pois ao personificar a morte em dama da noite, ama-a fervorosamente, demonstra o estatuto criativo e curativo da linguagem considerada delirante e, evidentemente, a indiscernibilidade entre criação, morte e delírio.  *** Death, language and shamanism in "Passage of the hours" by Álvaro de Campos ***The present work aims to analyze the structure of the poem "Passage of the Hours" by Álvaro de Campos. In considering the development of the verses themselves, the manifestation of death in poetic language as it appears here, one intends to think of how linguistic variation in the style of Alvaro de Campos is a form of death and a rupture with respect to the usual concept of death, the constitution of an ecstasy, which in semiotic terms, is considered shamanic. In this regard, the particularities of each of the three sections of the poem will be investigated. First, the lyrical self retells the various memories of its own life, from which nostalgic sensation is created. Second, the lyrical self anguishes before death, in terms of an antithetic and anaphoric language. Third, the lyrical self performs an acclamation to death or a shamanic trance; by embodying death as a lady of the night, he loves her intensely, demonstrating the creative and curative status of language considered delirious, and evidently the indiscernibility between creation, death, and delirium.Keywords: Death; Language; Shamanism; Stylistics; Álvaro de Campos.
The incidence of malnutrition between 1 and 5 years of age on the basis of the preventive primary care data
Authors: Kádár M , Szőllősi GJ , Molnár SZ , Szabó L
Published: June 2019

Introduction

Malnutrition inhibits children from normal development and leads to irreversible consequences with respect to mental and physical performance.

Materials and methods

We analysed the aggregate data in the 2013–2015 reports of regional visiting nurses on the nutritional status of Hungarian children at the ages of 1, 3, and 5 years. In the regions of Hungary, stratum-specific proportions were calculated with 95% confidence intervals for the proportion of children with lower than a 10th percentile score.

Results

The proportions of malnutrition among children whose score was below the 10th percentile nationwide were 8.14% [8.03%–8.25%] at age 1, 6.87% [8.03%–8.25%] at age 3, and 5.68% [5.59%–5.78%] at age 5. In all three age groups, the proportion of children below the 10th percentile was significantly lower in the Central Hungarian region than in the national reference proportion and in Northern Hungary and the Southern Great Plain.

Discussion and conclusions

These results indicate that Hungary’s incidence of malnutrition is no better than the worldwide average. To improve this situation, Hungarian healthcare professionals must at least begin following a precise, standardized protocol for the compulsory assessment of nutritional status in the framework of their reporting on the primary care of children.
Christopher Partridge. 'Dub in Babylon: Understanding the Evolution and Significance of Dub Reggae in Jamaica and Britain from King Tubby to Post-punk'
Authors: Tennant Lewis
Published: June 2019

Christopher Partridge. 2010. Dub in Babylon: Understanding the Evolution and Significance of Dub Reggae in Jamaica and Britain from King Tubby to Post-punk.London: Equinox. 319pp. ISBN 978-1-84553-312-0 (pbk).
Advertising communication and spirituality: a critical approach of academics and professionals
Authors: Gil-Soldevilla Samuel Universitat Jaume I , Palao-Errando José-Antonio Universitat Jaume I , Marzal-Felici Javier Universitat Jaume I
Published: June 2019

This article explores advertising as a space where spiritual discourses are reproduced from the critical approach of academics in communication and sociology, along with professionals in the advertising sector. Therefore, a qualitative methodology of semi-structured interviews with a panel of fifteen experts was used. This research aims to develop a discourse derived from the interviewee’s experience of the meaning provided by advertising as a transcendent dimension. The interviews were analysed by applying a spiral model by simple induction. The study identifies a compensatory character between brands and religions based on a functional definition of the latter, where brands have acquired the ability to construct social meaning, offer an existential programme to the individual, and arouse identity and awareness through their own narration. Without disregarding the economic objective of corporations or the different levels of transcendence expressed by brands and religious forms, there is consensus on advertising’s attempt to follow the same scheme of adhesion, claims, symbology, and evocations offered by religions, assuming a post-materialist turn of the advertising discourse towards transcendental values, even superficially or banally. The list of interviewees and the use of this technique, which has not previously been applied to the interactions between advertising discourse and spirituality, provide an original perspective on this emerging study field
Use efficiency and responsivity to nitrogen of common bean cultivars
Authors: Leal Fábio Tiraboschi , Filla Vinícius Augusto , Bettiol João Victor Trombeta , Sandrini Fernando de Oliveira Turci , Mingotte Fábio Luíz Checchio , Lemos Leandro Borges
Published: June 2019

ABSTRACT Common beans are the main source of protein in underdeveloped countries, and nitrogen (N) is one of the nutrients the most limits the productivity of this crop. This study, under field conditions, aimed to: a) determinate through efficiency indices how N is used by 16 cultivars of common beans; and b) classify these cultivars regarding use efficiency and responsivity to N application. The experimental design was in randomized blocks in split-plot scheme, with four replicates. Main plots consisted of 16 cultivars of common beans commercially classified as ‘Carioca type’. Subplots comprised two rates of N: 20 and 120 kg ha-1 applied as top-dressing. The evaluations were number of pods per plant and grains per pod, hundred-grain weight, shoots dry matter at full flowering, straw and grains dry matter at physiological maturity and grain yield. Based on the dry matter and its nutrient contents, the N accumulations were calculated in shoots and grains. The agronomic, physiological, agro-physiological, recovery and use efficiencies of N were calculated. Cultivar BRSMG Uai stands out by agronomic, physiological, recovery and use efficiencies of N. Genotypes BRSMG Uai, BRS FC402, IPR Campos Gerais, IPR Maracanã and TAA Bola Cheia are efficient and responsive to top-dressing N application.
Cenário ambulatorial de pacientes com sítio cirúrgico infectado após intervenção cardíaca
Authors: Kahl Elizabete Rosane Palharini Yoneda , Brião Renata da Costa , Costa Laura Maggi da , Silveira Luciane Raminelli , Moraes Maria Antonieta P. de
Published: June 2019

Resumo OBJETIVO Verificar o perfil clínico-cirúrgico e os resultados de pacientes acompanhados em um ambulatório de ferida operatória após cirurgia cardíaca. MÉTODOS Coorte histórica com pacientes submetidos à cirurgia cardíaca e acompanhados por um ano em um ambulatório de feridas de um hospital especializado em cardiologia. Foram analisados os micro-organismos predominantes nas infecções, os produtos utilizados nos curativos, tempo de acompanhamento e o tipo de terapêutica instituída nos curativos. RESULTADOS Entre os 150 pacientes, predominaram sexagenários (61,7 ± 11,4 anos), hipertensos (75%), diabéticos (44,7%). Evidenciou-se 12 pacientes com mediastinite (8%) e 44 com infecção de sítio cirúrgico (29,3%). Utilizou-se para realização dos curativos os ácidos graxos (80%) e alginato de cálcio (19%). O tempo de acompanhamento foi de 35 ±71 dias. CONCLUSÃO Pacientes sexagenários, hipertensos, diabéticos e revascularizados constituíram a população acompanhada no ambulatório de feridas. As taxas de ISC e mediastinite encontradas foram aceitáveis e semelhantes às da literatura.
Letramento multimodal e construção conjunta de conhecimento na fala-em-interação
Authors: Kanitz Andréia , Luz Raquel Leão
Published: June 2019

RESUMO Este trabalho tem por objetivo caracterizar um evento de letramento multimodal e demonstrar como, em tal evento, é possível flagrar o trabalho social e interacional de construção conjunta de conhecimento. Um segmento de fala-em-interação em que há engajamento dos participantes em uma atividade de leitura de um gráfico foi identificado e transcrito. A análise sequencial, focalizando os esforços dos participantes para darem conta da atividade de leitura, revelou que o segmento interacional constitui: a) um evento de letramento multimodal, em que os participantes negociam um procedimento de leitura de uma imagem (um gráfico), em um espaço de escrita que não o papel (a tela de um computador); e b) uma instância de construção conjunta de conhecimento na medida em que os participantes constroem conjuntamente um procedimento de leitura satisfatório para seus propósitos situados, que lhes possibilita obter com alguma precisão a informação em busca da qual estavam.
Resilience levels among adolescents with ADHD using quantitative measures in a family-design study
Authors: Regalla Maria Angélica Rates , Segenreich Daniel , Guilherme Priscilla Rodrigues , Mattos Paulo
Published: June 2019

Abstract Objectives To investigate resilience levels in adolescents with attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) using quantitative measures when compared to their non-affected siblings and controls. We also aimed to investigate the correlation between resilience and depression, anxiety, intelligence quotient (IQ) and socioeconomic status, which may affect resilience levels and be potential confounders. Methods Adolescents (n=45) diagnosed with ADHD referred to an outpatient ADHD clinic, and their siblings without ADHD (n=27), with ages ranging from 12 to 17 years, were interviewed along with their parents using a semi-structured interview (Children’s Interview for Psychiatric Syndromes - Parent Version). Intelligence was measured with the Block Design and Vocabulary subtests from the Wechsler Battery. Anxiety and depression were investigated using the Children State-Trait Anxiety Inventory (CSTAI) and the Child Depression Inventory (CDI), respectively. Resilience was investigated using the Resilience Scale. A control group (typically developing adolescents [TDA] and their siblings; n=39) was recruited in another outpatient facility and at two schools using the same methodology. Results Socioeconomic status and intelligence levels, which may affect resilience, were similar in all groups. Adolescents with ADHD showed lower resilience levels compared to siblings and TDA even when controlled for anxiety and depression levels, which were higher in ADHD. Resilience levels were higher in siblings than in adolescents with ADHD, and lower than in TDA – this last result without statistical significance. Conclusion In our sample, ADHD in adolescents was associated with lower resilience, even when controlled for confounders often seen in association with the disorder.
Experimental studies on precast post-tensioned concrete connections with composite beams and multi-storey columns
Authors: Hu Xiang , Xue Weichen , Qi Deqing
Published: June 2019

In this paper, a precast post-tensioned (PT) concrete beam–column connection, composed of PT composite beams with partially bonded tendons, precast multi-storey columns and cast-in-place (CIP) core region, was developed as an emulative connection. Four full-scale beam–column connections, including an interior and an exterior precast connection and the corresponding CIP control specimens, were tested under low reversed cyclic loading to investigate their seismic behaviour. The results revealed that all the connections failed due to flexural failure of the beam ends near the column face. The hysteresis loops of all the connections were pinched but relatively plump, showing good energy dissipation capacity. In comparison to the CIP control specimens, the loading capacity of the precast connections was about 10% higher and 15% lower in the positive and negative loading directions for the interior connections, and about 2% higher and 10% lower for the exterior connections, respectively. The average ductility of the precast interior and exterior connections was 2·99 and 2·70, which was about 3 and 18% higher than that of the CIP control specimens, respectively. The stiffness degradation and residual deformation of the precast connections were found to be similar to those of the CIP control specimens. A degenerated four-linear restoring force model was also developed.
Challenging Hegemony, Building Bridges: Pedagogical Tools to Mediate Campus Polarization
Authors: Biswas Bidisha
Published: June 2019

This article is a summary of my keynote address to the ASIANetwork Conference in April 2018.
Notes from the Editors
Authors: Smith Marsha , Zhang Hong
Published: June 2019

Editor notes for the upcoming Volume 26:1, 2019 issue.
The protocol for the mannequin crossover trial entitled "Comparison of video and conventional laryngoscopes for simulated difficult emergency tracheal intubations in presence of liquids in the airway" v1
Authors: Suzuki Kei , Kusunoki Shinji , Sadamori Takuma , Tanabe Yuko , Itai Junji , Shime Nobuaki
Published: June 2019

The objective of this protocol was to compare the Airway ScopeTM(AWS) and the Macintosh laryngoscope (ML) for their performance in tracheal intubations (TIs) performed by emergency medical technicians (EMTs) using mannequin models with liquids in the airway. Rice gruel and mock blood were used to fill the upper airways of mannequins to create mock vomit and hematemesis models, respectively. TIs were performed by certified EMTs after visualizing the glottis using an AWS with an 18-Fr suction catheter and a ML with an 18-Fr suction catheter. TIs with AWS and ML were performed in random order in a comparative crossover trial. The TI success rate was evaluated based on the following: (a) the time taken from laryngoscope insertion into the oral cavity to glottis visualization, tracheal tube passage through the glottis, until the initiation of ventilation and (b) the subjective level of difficulty, which was assessed using a visual analog scale (VAS).
LINGUISTIC MEANS FOR DETERMINING CONDITIONAL RELATIONS IN MODERN SPANISH LANGUAGE AS LINGUISTIC BEHAVIOR OF COMMUNICANTS
Authors:   Kyiv National Linguistic University, Kyiv, Ukraine, Sudorzhenko Galina
Published: June 2019

The article focuses on the analysis of linguistic units of the Spanish language, which differ in syntactic structure and convey conditional attitudes depending on the communicative situation. The specifics of the use of these units in the communication process are determined. Given the thought-speech activity of the character, the structural patterns of conditional-consequential relations are described. The criteria for the allocation of conditional relations are revealed. The essence of the notion is defined as a condition and a communicative situation is defined, in which the speaker demonstrates his competence to express conditional attitudes, the realization of which is the opposite of reality, or to create a possible world for the realization of such a situation. The main types of sentences in Spanish are discussed, which reflect the condition-effect relationship, while also capable of transmitting other shades, thereby signaling the speech behavior of a person. The choice of illustrative material was confined to the authors who represented the literature of the end of the 20th – the beginning of the 21st century, which made it possible to reveal the essential characteristics of the mentality of contemporary native speakers, which determine the national specificity of the use of linguistic means in the communication process. The paradigmatic approach to the systematization of syntactical units identified an intricate sentence with a subordinate condition with the basic structure of conditional-consequential relationships. The relationship between the language and its user, the bearer of culture, traditions, and rules of conduct in society, made it possible to characterize their thinking and speech behavior by analyzing the use of language means.
FORMATION OF RISK-BALANCED STYLE OF PROFESSIONAL ACTIVITY AMONG UNIVERSITY STUDENTS
Authors: Kuzhanova Natalia , Dementiev Alexander , Klets Tatyana
Published: June 2019

The basis of the sustainable development of society with ever-growing scientific and technical progress is noxology as a science about the dangers of the world, since the risk of being in modern society is higher than ever. In this regard, a scientific noxospheric picture of the world is being formed as an integrative knowledge system, which should be the basis for the formation of a new, noxological worldview, in which security is the main value norm of risk-oriented thinking. The article is aimed at the theoretical substantiation of the necessity of developing a risk-balanced style of professional activity among university students on the basis of risk-thinking as an objective property of the personality. The article also reveals the authors’ concept of the noxological consciousness and explains the term of a risk-balanced style of professional activity. The definition, structure and main constituent elements of this personal phenomenon are given. It is determined that noxological style of professional activity includes such components as risk-thinking, self-regulation, intellectual features and capabilities, “labor model”, individual biological rhythms, will, as well as habits and special techniques of activity. Various characteristics of risks in the professional activity of a specialist are considered. Based on the analysis of scientific and pedagogical literature on the problem and the method of observation, the modeling of the pedagogical system of training a specialist with a risk-balanced style of professional activity is presented, the effectiveness of which is confirmed by the formative experiment.
DEVELOPMENT OF INCLUSIVE SOCIETY WITH THE INSTRUMENTS OF “GREEN” ECONOMY AND EDUCATION
Authors: Ziankova Inha , Lisichonak Alena , Yemialyanau Aliaksandr
Published: June 2019

The article substantiates that in order to ensure the effective development of economic systems, the issues of rational use of natural resources and environmental safety are significant. Environmental problems for modern economies of the world are systematized. The aim of the research is to study the theoretical and practical experience in the formation of an inclusive society and the “green” economy of the regions in the Republic of Belarus based on the analysis of the mechanism for introducing circular technologies at the micro level, schemes for engaging vulnerable groups of the population, creating “green” jobs, creating courses on the principles of inclusion economy in the workplaces. The following tasks were set and resolved: the mechanism for the formation of the inclusive society and the “green” economy in the Republic of Belarus was identified through the introduction of circular technologies at the micro level; considered the features of involvement in employment of vulnerable groups of the population; identified and systematized features of creating “green” workplaces; specificity of courses for on-the-job training on the principles of inclusion and “green” economy is grounded. The research methodology is based on the principles of systems analysis, formal logic and an interdisciplinary scientific approach. Monographic and descriptive method was used in the formation of theoretical and practical basis for development an inclusive society with elements of the “green” economy; method of analysis and synthesis, method of statistical data analysis in the short-term analysis. The novelty of this research lies in the fact that the theoretical and practical foundations for building the inclusive society through the tools of the “green” economy and education have been studied and scientifically grounded. The conclusions are that the creation of “green” jobs, learning the principles of a “green” economy, as well as the implementation of other measures to ensure the sustainable development are necessary. And development of inclusive society and “green” economy depend on ability of government and firms to teach their basic principles and create inclusive and “green” workplaces and jobs. As recommendations it is proposed to involve older labor resources in employment, taking into account coordination of the vocational qualification structure of labor supply and technical and technological parameters of workplaces; to assess development of the international labor market and sustainable development of the labor market with created by authors list of indicators; to develop an electronic web resource with information about the skills of the workforce, indicating the geography of workplaces and schemes for building up the necessary skills contributes to the advance preparation of the workforce; and to organize and conduct courses for employers and employees in the field of inclusive development and “green” jobs.
BEHAVIOUR'S ANALYSIS OF LOAD-CARRYING MEMBERS FOR TIMBER FRAMEWORK BUILDING
Authors: Virbule Inese , Serdjuks Dmitrijs , Buka-Vaivade Karina
Published: June 2019

The problem of limited raw material and energy resources can be solved by the replacement of non-renewable structural materials by renewable ones. Using of timber structures enables to decrease impact on the planet. It will also help to reverse some of the effects of industrialization. Structural members from solid and glued laminated timber, cross-laminated timber and other timber-based materials are widely used for one-storey and multi-storey buildings. Three-storey timber framework building was considered as an object of investigations. The considered three-storey building has length and width equal to 28 and 13 m, correspondingly. The using of software Autodesk Robot Structural developed FEM model of three-storey platfom framed framework building. Load-carrying structures of considered framework building consist from the load-carrying walls, floors and roofs structures, which develop horizontal and vertical diaphragms providing strength and rigidity of the framework. The rational bay of the light framework structures changes within the limits from 300 to 600 mm. The rational span of beams and purlins does not exceed 4 m. Solid timber with the strength class C24 was assumed as a structural material for timber frameworks members. The OSB sheets were considered as a material of the cladding for external structures. Behaviour of the load-carrying shear walls were analysed by the using of FEM models developed by the software Autodesk Robot Structural and ANSYS 15 so as methods explained in EN 1995-1-1. The software ANSYS 15 was used for the development of separate model of load-carrying shear walls. Initial unit of shear wall – a panel with the dimensions 1.2X2.7 m was considered for the purpose. The bar sub-members of the panel were modelled by the BEAM 188 finite element type. The SHELL 181 and COMBIN 14 finite element types modelled the cladding sub-members and mechanical fasteners. The dependence between the horizontal displacements of the load-carrying wall, intensity of the applied load, area of the openings so as thickness of the wall was obtained as a second power polynomial equation. It was stated, that the obtained FEM models enables to describe the behaviours of the load-carrying shear walls with enough precision.
INVESTIGATION OF STRUCTURE AND COMPOSITION OF CLAY IN LAKES OF LATGALE FOR PRACTICAL USE
Authors: Tretjakova Rasma , Noviks Gotfrīds , Mežinskis Gundars
Published: June 2019

Sedimentary clay of three Latvia region of Latgale lakes – Zeiļi, Pauguļi and Plusons – was investigated. Mineral composition was determined by X-ray diffraction, the average size and size distribution of particles by dynamic light scattering method, specific surface by Brunauer-Emmett-Teller method, and adsorption characteristics after methylene blue: adsorption capacity and adsorption isotherms. The samples contained typical clay crystalline phases – illite, kaolinite – and rock forming minerals – quartz, dolomite, calcite, plagioclase, albite, and enstatite. The granulometric content of samples is mostly characterised by silt (2 – 63 µm) and clay (< 2 µm) fractions. Specific surface area varied from 9.45 to 20.68 m2/g. The adsorption capacity of lake clay was in the range of 25.8 – 45.8 mg/g. Clay adsorption isotherms were represented by the second and fifth type curves according to the International Union of Pure and Applied Chemistry (IUPAC) classification, indicating the presence of micro- and macroporous space in samples and strong intermolecular interactions. The difference between properties of clay in different lakes and at different depths and their influencing factors have been clarified. The information obtained enables to predict the areas of use of clay in cosmetics and medical treatment.
THE MODERN STATUS OF THE VELIKAYA RIVER DELTA ON THE STATE OF PRIMARY PRODUCERS
Authors: Drozdenko Tatiana , Mikhalap Sergei , Mikhaylova Kristina , Chernova Anna
Published: June 2019

Primary producers are an integral part of freshwater ecosystems. Phytoplankton forms the basis of the trophic pyramid, participates in the formation of water quality and acts as a sensitive indicator of the state of the reservoir. The ability of macrophytes to accumulate mineral and organic substances makes them active participants in the self-purification of natural waters. Higher aquatic plants are characterized by conservatism to short-term changes in the environment, but changes in vegetation over the years may indicate anthropogenic transformation of ecosystems. The contribution to maintaining the stability of the functioning and biodiversity of the ecosystem makes phytoplankton and macrophytes compulsory research objects aimed at studying the state of water bodies. The aim of the work was the study of primary producers as bioindicators of the ecological status of the Velikaya river delta in the summer of 2018. As a result, 127 phytoplankton taxa from 8 phylums were found: Chlorophyta, Bacillariophyta, Cyanobacteria, Euglenophyta, Chrysophyta, Dinophyta, Cryptophyta, Charophyta. The species richness was dominated by the Chlorophyta (42.5%), Bacillariophyta (25.2%), Cyanobacteria (11.1%). According to the ecological and geographical analysis of the delta algaflora, cosmopolitan, freshwater, planktonic forms of microalgae dominate, preferring neutral and weakly alkaline waters. Water quality assessment revealed the beta-mesosaprobic nature of the waters, which indicates moderate pollution of the water area. In the composition of macrophytes, 43 species from 3 phylums were identified: Magnoliophyta, Equisetophyta, Chlorophyta. By species composition, angiosperms dominated (95.3%), of which 46.3% were dicotyledons and 53.7% - monocotyledons. Hygrophytes (34.9%) and hydrophytes (32.6%) prevailed in terms of ecological structure. The leading role in the overgrowing of the delta belonged to high-grass helophytes and rooting hydrophytes with leaves floating on the water. A total of 37 saprobiont flora were found. The total index of saprobity was 277 points.
TO THE SOLUTION OF SOME PROBLEMS OF DEVELOPING ASSEMBLY TECHNOLOGY BY MODELING ASSEMBLIES IN CAD SYSTEMS
Authors: Samarkina Elena , Samarkin Alexander , Dmitriyev Sergey , Evgenjeva Evgenia
Published: June 2019

Considers the features of the automated design of technological processes of assembly of products in mechanical engineering, in terms of their impact on production processes.
MINIMIZATION OF SOIL POLLUTION IN THE URBAN ENVIRONMENT
Authors: Galitskova Yulia Mikhailovna
Published: June 2019

The development of all spheres of human activity is associated with an increase in anthropogenic pressure on environment. Metropolitan areas and large cities are experiencing the greatest pressure. Both the development of new areas adjacent to built-up areas, as well as operating existing industrial and residential complexes suffer the influences. The article presents the results of a soil study conducted in the city of Novokuibyshevsk to determine the prospects for future growth of the city. Soil samples were taken throughout the city. When choosing the place of sampling, the locations of highways, industrial zones and residential buildings were taken into account. Soil testing was carried out to obtain data on the concentrations of heavy metals (lead, zinc, copper, cadmium, nickel, manganese, etc.), as well as sulfates and nitrates. The results were analyzed and contrasted with the standards and results of previous years.Based on the study of the current state of the soil, the authors assessed the degree of pollution of urban soils in an industrial city. In their study they proposed and developed measures to improve the condition of the soil, namely, analyzed the efficiency of using phytoremediation to reduce soil contamination in residential areas of the city.
LIFESTYLE BUSINESSES IN REZEKNE MUNICIPALITY
Authors: Dembovska Iveta , Litavniece Lienite , Silicka Inese
Published: June 2019

In regional economy, creation of a system for development of small enterprises and lifestyle businesses is one of the strategies to promote entrepreneurship and targeted use of the local economic resources thus reducing the burden on public and local budgets. Lifestyle businesses are mainly established and maintained with the aim of providing a certain level of income, performing additional activities or developing the owner's hobby, and effectively using the local resources. The aim of the research is to explore the theoretical foundations of lifestyle businesses and potential for their creation and development, using lifestyle businesses of Rezekne municipality as a case. The following tasks were set for achieving the aim: to provide theoretical rationale for lifestyle businesses; to identify lifestyle businesses in Rezekne municipality; to study and analyse the motivation of lifestyle business owners to establish and develop business in Rezekne municipality.
MASS TRANSFER MANAGEMENT AND DEPOSITION OF CONTAMINANTS WITHIN CAR ROAD ZONES
Authors: Ivanyshyn Volodymyr , Sheludchenko Lesia , Hutsol Taras , Rud Anatolii , Skorobogatov Dmytro
Published: June 2019

The present study determined that the essential factor of technogenic influence on the roadside landscapes is a motor complex that leads to the alienation of large territories, destabilizing of the natural ecosystems, the disarticulation of landscapes and an irreversible transformation of nature and territorial complexes in general. The significant influence of motor transport is the exhaust emissions with Carbon (ІІ) oxide, Nitrogen oxides, hydrocarbons, aldehydes, soot (technical carbon), mineral dust, heavy metals, etc., that influence not only on the environment, but also on the health of the population. The migration and deposition of the pollutants that are produced by vehicle flows are caused by many factors of different genesis. In particular, this landscape topographic characteristics and the geochemical territory activity of natural and technogenic geo-ecosystems, structure of biocoenoses, presence of geochemical barriers (including artificially created), density, construction, transport, physical and geographical, social and economic features of transport network infrastructure, the intensity of transport flows, etc. Therefore, to ensure the environmentally safe operation of "car – road – environment" system should include a systematic approach to the development concept of the transport complex within the specific natural and man-made geo-ecosystems with developed automobile and communication networks that would provide not only its economic and transport feasibility, but also minimizing the anthropogenic transformation of natural and territorial complexes in general. To reduce eco-destructive impact we recommend to apply the developed design of forest of gas and dustproof lane road that substantially reduce the dangerous zone of influence.
CHEMICAL ALTERATIONS OF HARDWOOD VENEERS DUE TO THERMAL TREATMENT
Authors: Meija-Feldmane Anete , Morozovs Andris , Spulle Uldis
Published: June 2019

Wood is the most popular building material in the world due to its universal versatility, although it has disadvantages - the difficulty to apply small diameter logs in construction, hygroscopicity and anisotropic swelling and shrinking. To solve these disadvantages, plywood from wood material is produced. Plywood is a material that can solve anisotropy, but it is still biodegradable by rot and stain fungi. Thermal treatment is a methodology that improves the durability of wood. In this paper aspen (Populus tremula L.), poplar (Populus x canadensis Moench) and birch (Betula pendula Roth) were treated by steam (WTT) and vacuum (TERMOVUOTO) devices under 160°C/50 min (birch and aspen), 204°C/2 h, 214°C/2 h, 217°C/3 h, 218°C/30 min (birch and poplar). Chemical changes in treated veneers were investigated by ATR-FTIR (Attenuated Total Reflection Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy) in a range 2000 cm-1 – 800 cm-1. ATR-FTIR is a non-destructive methodology, which is important during manufacturing process quality control. Untreated poplar wood and aspen wood had similar ATR-FTIR spectra because both species belong to Populus genus. Untreated birch wood had higher absorption intensity peak at 1740 cm-1, which indicates the C=O bond stretching in the carboxyl group depicting more acetyl groups in birch wood than in aspen/poplar. According to spectral data, birch wood, treated in TERMOVUOTO process at 200°C for 2 hours is chemically almost identical to untreated one. WTT process causes the most significant changes in the chemistry of both in aspen and birch. Therefore, regime 160°C/50 min in water vapour is more aggressive than treatments at higher temperatures and under reduced pressure. It is expected that plywood produced from WTT treated veneers will have reduced strength in comparison with TERMOVUOTO process produced ones.
DOWNSTREAM TRANSFORMATION OF THE FLOOD-FLOW CHARACTERISTICS WITHIN THE RIVER-FLOODPLAIN SYSTEM OF THE MIDDLE DAUGAVA
Authors: Gruberts Dāvis
Published: June 2019

A series of 11 experimental hydrological field surveys of the Daugava’s flood-flows has been conducted within the river-floodplain system of the Middle Daugava by the Department of Geography and Chemistry, Daugavpils University, in 2007-2017. The field surveys were conducted in a form of real-time Lagrangian drift experiments, which were focused on a continuous tracking and monitoring of pre-selected flood water masses moving along the Middle Daugava River from Krauja to Dunava at the peak of the spring floods. The real-time tracking and monitoring of the selected flood water masses was conducted by applying a manned drifting research platform. It was equipped with a GPS receiver and an echo-sounding device for repeated measurements of the average drift velocity, the channel's depth and geographical position of the platform in relation to its initial location. During the drift experiments, instrumental measurements were performed repeatedly, each 30-60 minutes. The obtained records were then used to analyze downstream changes in main hydraulic characteristics of the surveyed flood-flows. Main results of 9 real-time Lagrangian drift experiments conducted within the Middle Daugava river-floodplain system in 2007-2017 are analyzed and discussed in this paper. Application of the Lagrangian reference frame for the obtained data records revealed the unsteady, spatially varied nature of the surveyed flood-flows and highlighted an overall downstream reduction of their average drift velocities and depths, as they leaved the Baltic Moraine Uplands and entered the East Latvian Lowland downstream from Daugavpils. The Spearman’s correlation revealed the strong effect of inter-annual variation of the peak flood discharge and longitudinal gradient of the water surface on the main hydraulic characteristics of the flood-flows. Application of the well-known Chézy equation to the obtained data records also revealed its inadequacy for research purposes of this natural river-floodplain system, but also highlighted the importance of other factors (such as the active cross-section area and hydraulic interaction between the river and its floodplain) on the site-by-site variation of the current velocity within the main channel during the floods.
MARBLED CRAYFISH (PROCAMBARUS VIRGINALIS) AS A PROMISING OBJECT FOR AQUACULTURE INDUSTRY
Authors: Jurmalietis Roberts , Grickus Armands , Elstina Ance
Published: June 2019

Marbled crayfish / marmorkrebs, parthenogenetically reproducing decapod crustacean of pet aquarium origin conventionally has been recognized as an undesirable species since it a) is an invasive pest dangerous for aquatic ecosystem resources because of its hardiness, omnivorousness, fast growth, self-cloning abilities; b) has little commercial value for food industry. However, recently an idea has been introduced about marmorkrebs as a promising cheap protein source, which can help to fight world hunger. Accordingly, research performed at Liepaja University (Latvia) was focused on marbled crayfish farming system design issues. Research paper presented discusses marmorkrebs survival capacities in small-volume microcosm tanks (made from recycled material), under harsh abiotic conditions. Pilot research results obtained will be used to develop experimental project on low-input microcosmic indoor aquaculture for marmorkrebs.
LOCAL FOOD PROCUREMENT TENDENCIES IN LATVIA
Authors: Krivašonoka Inita
Published: June 2019

The OECD has emphasized that regions need to boost their growth by placing local resources and means in circulation in order to benefit from their competitive advantages. It encourages the search and analysis of those regional key factors that are driving development in the regions. Local authorities can boost their region with the use of territorial capital and the promotion of entrepreneurship. One of the ways how to do this is to buy food from local producers. Giving preference to local suppliers, even if it means spending a little more, can actually benefit a region’s finances. When local governments spend their money on locally owned firms, those firms in turn rely on and generate local supply chains, creating an “economic multiplier” effect. Each additional dollar that circulates locally boosts local economic activity, employment and, ultimately, tax revenue. In Latvia, since 2014, attention has been focused on increasing the consumption of local food. Improvements in regulatory enactments have been made, which stipulate that green public procurement criteria should be used in food procurement, where one of the criteria, the supply distance, directly contributes to this aim by giving preference to the local producers. The research aim is to analyze the data of local government food procurements carried out in Latvia from 2010 to 2018 and to evaluate the share of local suppliers in these procurements. The food procurement winners were divided into four groups: agricultural producers, food processing companies, wholesale companies and retail companies. The study evaluates how each group's share in total food purchases varies over the years, and how procurement volumes vary depending on the winner's belonging to the one of the groups previously defined. Such an analysis shows the proportion of local producers in procurement, but does not fully reflect on the volume of local production, as it is not possible to obtain data on the share of production which producer purchased from others to provide the necessary volumes of food, and there is no data on the origin of products supplied by wholesalers. The following research methods were employed to carry out the present research: analysis and synthesis, induction and deduction, the monographic method, statistical analysis and the graphic method.
THE POSSIBILITY OF USING FERROMAGNETIC SLUDGE COLLECTED DURING PURIFICATION OF WATER FROM SPILLED OIL PRODUCTS
Authors: Mironovs Viktors , Tatarinovs Aleksejs , Treijs Juris , Teirumnieks Edmunds
Published: June 2019

Among the various methods of water purification from oil pollution, an active magnetic method using powder sorbents with ferromagnetic properties is taking its place. The main components of the sludge are ferromagnetic sorbent, oil and water. The paper discusses some methods of using sludge extracted from water during its cleaning from oil pollution, regeneration and reuse of the sorbent. Particularly, recommendations on the use of sludge as an active fuel additive are given. The possibility of using sludge as a filler for oxygen-flux cutting of concrete and in the production of road-building materials is another demonstrated possibility.
INTELLIGENT, INNOVATIVE AND SUSTAINABLE INDUSTRY IN BULGARIA – PROSPECTS AND CHALLENGES
Authors: Petrova Desislava
Published: June 2019

The report analyzes industrial transfor-mation through smart and sustainable growth, as well as building a culture of innovation in a new digital age. Innovative enterprises from Bulgaria are presented with their respective modern organizational structures and forms of innovative cooperation between them - Sofia Techpark, Trakia Economic Zone, Technological Park at the Technical University of Gabrovo. The barriers to innovation development of SMEs in Bulgaria are outlined. An example of a high technology center funded under the EU Operational Programs is presented. Answers to questions such as: what are the role of the innovation centers in the innovation ecosystem in Bulgaria; how to stimulate the transfer of talent between university and business; how the market for innovation of the future changes; why de-literacy is a factor of success; how to support innovation and digitization; what are the European policies in the field of innovation and digitization?
APPLICATION OF CIRCULAR ECONOMY IN SHRINKING REGIONS
Authors: Livina Agita , Veliverronena Linda
Published: June 2019

Shrinking of rural regions is going on in Eastern and Western European countries. Shrinking phenomena includes Latvia, Lithuania, Estonia and other countries and regions. The shrinking region is considered as untoward and gone territory for economic growth particularly from the perspective of policy makers. Shrinking region requires specific tools for development. The aim of this study is to analyse theoretical options for circular economy development in shrinking regions. The growth economy which requires planning more and more profit, units of goods, jobs etc. is not an adequate strategy for shrinking regions. The desktop approach is applied by analysing research articles on shrinking phenomena and circular economy with aim to explore the potential benefits provided by application of principles of circular economy in shrinking regions. The study also reviews policy planning documents on circular economy and regional development at the European Union level and specifically in Latvia which has lost dramatic proportion of inhabitants in last few decades. The findings of the study show that at first, national policy and EU policy does not accept the phenomena of shrinking regions; second, principles of circular economy are applicable to shrinking regions. There are such challenges as cooperation, philosophy of consumption and values, willingness and availability to pay for services. The study will open a discussion about shrinking rural regions and circular economy from another perspective because until now circular economy is mostly related with the zero waste concept.