bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
HEALTH SAVING SPACE IN A HIGHER SCHOOL
Authors: Semenova E.E.
Published: December 2019

Realization of health saving technologies in educational space of a higher school is difficult to overestimate. With reference to any technologies in educational space, health saving technologies are their qualitative characteristics demonstrating how the problem of health preservation of the subjects of education is being solved. It is necessary to work out of the research programs of social-psychological characteristics of the students that will allow allocating actual problems of teaching and educational process.
BASKETBALL AS ONE OF THE LEADING KINDS OF SPORTS
IN THE YOUTH ENVIRONMENT
Authors: Soroka V.V. , Tormozov I.V.
Published: December 2019

In the article the concept of basketball as a sport and its components are considered. Influence of going in for this kind of sports on youth physical training is revealed.
STRENGTHENING OF INTERNATIONAL CONSENT IN REALIZATION
OF THE STATE NATIONAL POLICY (ON THE EXAMPLE OF OREL)
Authors: Bondareva N.A.
Published: December 2019

Intercultural dialogue can be an exchange of cultural subjects, activity kinds and an exchange of consciousness images. New foreign culture activity is understood by means of the subject image and activity of one’s own culture. Dialogue of the cultures proceeds only in the mind of con-crete culture carrier. Collision with a new culture during intercultural communications makes the person to study his own culture more deeply and promotes its better understanding.
TO THE QUESTION ABOUT SPECIAL TYPE
OF OCCASIONAL WORDS IN RUSSIAN
Authors: Zaitseva N.N.
Published: December 2019

The lexical level is the most mobile part of the language system. This mobility is in many respects caused by word-formation mechanisms. In live informal conversation the process of occurrence of new words is continuous and active. The basic part of new words is created according to productive models. The share of occasional ways in word-formation is less. However, it grows, as the occasional way in itself is more expressive and more emphatic. In the work we will pay attention to the words created by means of one of the ways of occasional word-formation.
CRITICAL THINKING AT MASTERING OF THE FOREIGN LANGUAGE
DISCIPLINE IN NON-LINGUISTIC UNIVERSITY
Authors: Lepeshkina G.G.
Published: December 2019

Critical thinking is focused on the development of creative individual and self-realisation of the student. Use of the technology of critical thinking development at mastering of «Foreign Language» discipline will help the student to apply the received knowledge in the further life and easily adapt in world around.
DEVELOPMENT ANALYSIS OF INNOVATIVE INFRASTRUCTURE DEVELOPMENT IN BELGOROD REGION
Authors: Pavlova I.G.
Published: December 2019

In the article the necessity to form and develop innovative infrastructure in Belgorod region is considered. The analysis of the gross regional product is presented the results of which charac-terize effective innovative policy of the region. Measures for efficiency increase of innovative activity are suggested.
INNOVATIVE RECEPTIVITY ANALYSIS OF THE ENTERPRISES IN THE SPHERE OF HOUSING AND COMMUNAL SERVICES
Authors: Nikiforova T.I.
Published: December 2019

In the article the problems and conditions of growth of the enterprises innovative receptivity in the housing and communal complex are considered. Thus enterprises of housing, communal and improvement and landscaping sectors are singled out. Special attention is paid to the increase of innovative receptivity of the CEO and the personnel of the enterprises of the branch.
TO THE QUESTION ON PRIVATIZATION OF ECONOMY AND
ON THE ESTIMATION OF EFFICIENCY OF FUNCTIONING
OF THE ENTERPRISES OF PUBLIC SECTOR
Authors: Samorodova E.M.
Published: December 2019

The urgency of a problem of removal from the state of superfluous functions on participation in an economic life of a society brings an attention to the question on necessity of development of the certain methodological approaches, allowing to estimate efficiency of functioning of public sector and the state enterprises. In article indicators of efficiency of the state enterprises taking into account possible transformations of their activity during processes of privatisation of economy are considered.
APPLICATION OF TECHNOLOGIES OF INTERVIEW, TESTING, PRELIMINAR-ING IN SELECTION OF THE PERSONNEL OF THE ORGANIZATION
Authors: Troshina E.V.
Published: December 2019

In modern conditions of market relations and a labour market the great value as the public status of the worker varies, character of its relations to work and conditions of sale of a labour is given to selection and hiring of shots especially.
TO THE QUESTION OF PERFECTION OF THE REGION DEVELOPMENT
CONTROL SYSTEM
Authors: Demura N.A.
Published: December 2019

The control system of the region development should be aimed at balanced, steady, harmo-nious and rational spacial development. Perfection of the control system of the region development under today's conditions assumes rational combination of methods and tools of estimation and monitoring of the development level, reliability, completeness, availability, efficiency and reliability of the infoware for decision-making and maintenance of planned results.
МОДИФИЦИРОВАНИЕ ЗАНЯТОСТИ И БЕЗРАБОТИЦЫ В УСЛОВИЯХ ЦИФРОВОЙ СЕРВИСНОЙ ЭКОНОМИКИ
Authors: Дохкильгова Диба
Published: December 2019

Научно-технический прогресс и усиление сервисного характера экономики трансформируют характер производственных отношений в сфере занятости и безработицы, изменяют их черты. Одним из критериев перехода страны к цифровой экономике является стремительное развитие сферы услуг и ее превышение по удельному весу в валовом национальном продукте. В свою очередь наблюдается тенденция устойчивого роста удельного веса информационных услуг в общем объеме услуг. Именно сфера услуг является пространством, обрабатывающем информационные потоки, отражающие потребности интеллектуального производства. Происходящие процессы актуализируют необходимость оценки влияния цифровой экономики на развитие трудовых ресурсов и качество человеческого капитала.
EFFECTS OF THE DIGITAL PAYMENT SYSTEM ON SMES PERFORMANCE IN DEVELOPING COUNTRIES; A CASE OF GHANA
Authors: Kwabena Gyamfi-Yeboah , Qiang Mei , Wenyuan Li , Qalati Sikander Ali , Erusalkina Daria
Published: December 2019

Small and medium enterprises can employ a digital payment system to increase the trade and satisfy the trading partners and other stakeholders. The use of digital payment system faster the business transactions, and decrease the cost among parties. This study conducted to examines the effects of the digital payment system on SME’s performance. This study used a technology-organizational-environmental framework to investigate the effects of the digital payment system. This study used a closed-ended self-administered questionnaire to collect data. Data collected from September 2019 to November 2019. The respondents of the study were executives and owners of SMEs. The partial least squares structural equation modeling approach utilized to analyze the data. The findings of the study include significant effects of technology, organizational, environmental, and use of digital payment systems on SME’s performance. This study helps the owner of SME’s to execute the digital payment system to foster trade and relationship with stakeholders.
KEYWORDS: Small and medium enterprises, Digital payment system, technological-organizational-environmental framework, Developing countries, SME’s performance, Ghana
The Effect of Different Braced Configurations on the Nonlinear Seismic Behavior of Steel Structure
Authors: YILMAZ Mehmet Fatih
Published: December 2019

Improvements in construction technologies have allowed steel structural elements to become more frequently used today in order to enable different architectural designs and to meet structural performance more effectively and efficiently. Structural steel has been used for more than a hundred years and has been tested under real earthquakes, which provide the basis of many earthquake-resistant steel construction standards. The major advantage of steel construction material is that it allows for large plastic deformations. Structural deformations vary depending on the deformation capacity of the structural components in addition to the configuration of the structural components. In this study, moment resisting frames (MRF), X braced frame (XBF), Inverse V braced frame (IVBF), K braced frame (KBF), and eccentric inverse V braced frames (EIVBF) were used to examine the effect of different steel braced systems on the plastic deformation capacity of steel structure with the help of nonlinear static pushover analysis. Bilinear material model was utilized to represent nonlinear steel material behavior and inelastic displacement-based frame element were used to represent column and beam element. The analyses' results demonstrated that the braced frame configuration had a significant effect on the lateral response of steel frame structures.
ANALISIS KEBERHASILAN USAHA PAKAN TERNAK CV. MUDA JAYA MANDIRI DITINJAU DARI ASPEK PEMASARAN DAN KEWIRAUSAHAAN
Authors: Iskandar Iskandar
Published: December 2019

AbstrakPenelitian ini dilakukan di CV. Muda Jaya Mandiri yang terletak di Teratak Buluh Kabupaten Kampar. Tujuan penelitian ini untuk mengetahui besarnya pengaruh aspek pemasaran dan kewirausahaan terhadap tingkat keberhasilan  usaha pakan ternak pada CV. Muda Jaya Mandiri. Untuk mencapai tujuan tersebut dilakukan penelitian dengan menggunakan sampel yang berasal dari seluruh pelanggan CV. Muda Jaya  Mandiri  berjumlah 54 orang, dengan menggunakan metode  acak sederhana (incidental random sampling). Metode analisa data yang penulis gunakan pada penelitian ini adalah analisis dengan menggunakan metode deskriptif yaitu dengan menguraikan tentang seluruh keadaan yang terjadi.             Berdasarkan hasil penelitian diperoleh tanggapan positif dari responden. Hal ini menunjukkan bahwa terdapat pengaruh yang positif pada variabel aspek pemasaran dan aspek kewirausahaan terhadap keberhasilan usaha pakan ternak pada CV. Muda Jaya Mandiri. Rekomendasi yang dapat penulis ajukan adalah untuk lebih meningkatkan penjualan pakan ternak hendaknya pihak perusahaan yang mana disini CV. Muda Jaya Mandiri agar lebih menekankan pada aspek pemasaran yakni pada variable harga dan pada variable distribusi. Untuk meningkatkan penjualan pakan ternak usaha faktor harga seharusnya lebih bersaing dengan produk pakan ternak pesaing yang disini yaitu pakan pabrikan. Selain itu saluran distribusi sangat berperan aktif dalam meningkatkan penjualan pakan ternak diharapkan pihak perusahaan lebih memasarkan hasil produknya keluar daerah sehingga produk CV. Muda Jaya Mandiri bisa lebih dikenal oleh orang lain.
THE FACTORS AFFECTING OF STUNTING IN AGE 6-24 MONTHS
Authors: Wahyuni Fitri
Published: December 2019

The prevalence of stunting in Indonesia in 2018 reaches 30.8%. According to data from the Padang City Health Office in 2017, toddlers with the most stunting conditions in Padang City were in Pauh District as many as 96 toddlers. This is influenced by many factors that can have a bad impact on the child's future. This study aims to determine the factors that influence the incidence of stunting in infants aged 6-24 months. This research is a quantitative study using a cross sectional design with 66 respondents aged 6 - 24 months in Limau Manis Selatan Village, Pauh District. The research will be conducted from May to July 2019. Sampling with purposive sampling technique. The results showed that the factor most related to the incidence of stunting was poor hygiene with a percentage of 48.5% (p value = 0.037). The conclusion of this study all factors have a relationship with the incidence of stunting in infants. Suggestions for health services are expected to be able to provide counseling to mothers and bring toddlers to health services when toddlers are sick so that they can be addressed appropriately.
REGIONAL COMPETITIVENESS RESPONSE TO INNOVATION CHANGES: ISSUES OF EVALUATION
Authors: POLYAKOVA Aleksandra , KOLMAKOV Vladimir , YAMOVA Olga
Published: December 2019

Our research addresses regional competitiveness as the function of innovation activity. We use 15 indicators to cluster the Russian regions in five different groups, and to propose and to estimate the composite competitiveness quotient of a region in order to further regress it by innovation activity indicators. We prove that different groups of regions – “potential competitiveness leaders”, “traditional competitiveness factor employers”, “competitiveness outsiders”, “moderate competitiveness regions”, “competitiveness leaders” – are prone to respond to innovation parameters change in a different manner, thus uniform regulation and strategies are irrelevant. We contribute to the methodology of regional competitiveness estimation by presenting a ready-to-deploy set of data structures and model propositions. Our measure of competitiveness is economy related and easily adjustable regarding the specific innovation phenomena that influence the corporate and aggregate performance, value or efficiency of regions.
ROMANIAN URBAN AREAS: TERRITORIAL, ECONOMIC AND SOCIO-CULTURAL HALLMARKS OF THE CHINESE MINORITY
Authors: MOCANU Irena , SĂGEATĂ Radu , DAMIAN Nicoleta , MITRICĂ Bianca , PERSU Mihaela
Published: December 2019

Since 1990s, many Chinese immigrants have come to Romania and they are numbering, nowadays, 2 017 people (83% of the total legal Chinese residents live in urban areas). The aim of this paper is to analyze the territorial, economic and socio-cultural hallmarks of the Chinese minority established in the Romanian urban areas. To meet this objective, both qualitative (interviews and observations) and quantitative (selecting, structuring and valorizing the statistical raw data) methods were used. This study is important due to its multi-territorial levels approach and to its results (e.g. revealing that the economic hallmark influences and shapes the territorial traces of the Chinese minority, identifying the Chinese children as being a sort of ”driving force” which would facilitate the social and linguistic integration of the Chinese minority into the Romanian society) which could support and suggest new topics for the geographical research.
National traditions in costume design: aspects of the methodology of art criticism analysis
Authors: Tsymbala Lada
Published: December 2019

Today, in the process of active formation of Ukrainian statehood, the problems of aesthetic value of national traditions, which are broadcast to consumers through new forms in multi-vector areas of artistic culture and in the design of clothing in particular, are especially actualized. What are the manifestations of national traditions and in what forms are relevant in contemporary Ukrainian artistic culture, and to what extent such manifestations are aesthetically valuable? The article covers the problems of art-historical analysis of the interpretation of national traditions in the design of the costume as a whole, and in the modern Ukrainian environment in particular. The view is focused to the specifics and differences in the interpretation of folk traditions in the design of everyday, festive and stage costumes. The article states that the technique of studying folk traditions in the suit design is marked by the specifics of individual approaches to certain types of costumes in accordance with their purpose and distinguishing the conceptual dominant or subordination of the general compositional form.
The different ways to chitosan/hyaluronic acid nanoparticles: templated vs direct complexation. Influence of particle preparation on morphology, cell uptake and silencing efficiency
Authors: Gennari Arianna , Rios de la Rosa Julio M , Hohn Erwin , Pelliccia Maria , Lallana Enrique , Donno Roberto , Tirella Annalisa , Tirelli Nicola
Published: December 2019

This study is about linking preparative processes of nanoparticles with the morphology of the nanoparticles and with their efficiency in delivering payloads intracellularly. The nanoparticles are composed of hyaluronic acid (HA) and chitosan; the former can address a nanoparticle to cell surface receptors such as CD44, the second allows both for entrapment of nucleic acids and for an endosomolytic activity that facilitates their liberation in the cytoplasm. Here, we have systematically compared nanoparticles prepared either A) through a two-step process based on intermediate (template) particles produced via ionotropic gelation of chitosan with triphosphate (TPP), which are then incubated with HA, or B) through direct polyelectrolyte complexation of chitosan and HA. Here we demonstrate that HA is capable to quantitatively replace TPP in the template process and significant aggregation takes place during the TPP–HA exchange. The templated chitosan/HA nanoparticles therefore have a mildly larger size (measured by dynamic light scattering alone or by field flow fractionation coupled to static or dynamic light scattering), and above all a higher aspect ratio (Rg/RH) and a lower fractal dimension. We then compared the kinetics of uptake and the (antiluciferase) siRNA delivery performance in murine RAW 264.7 macrophages and in human HCT-116 colorectal tumor cells. The preparative method (and therefore the internal particle morphology) had little effect on the uptake kinetics and no statistically relevant influence on silencing (templated particles often showing a lower silencing). Cell-specific factors, on the contrary, overwhelmingly determined the efficacy of the carriers, with, e.g., those containing low-MW chitosan performing better in macrophages and those with high-MW chitosan in HCT-116.
Identifiable Acetylene Features Predicted for Young Earth-like Exoplanets with Reducing Atmospheres Undergoing Heavy Bombardment
Authors: Rimmer P. B. , Ferus M. , Waldmann I. P. , Knížek A. , Kalvaitis D. , Ivanek O. , Kubelík P. , Yurchenko S. N. , Burian T. , Dostál J. , Juha L. , Dudžák R. , Krůs M. , Tennyson J. , Civiš S. , Archibald A. T. , Granville-Willett A.
Published: December 2019

The chemical environments of young planets are assumed to be largely influenced by the impacts of bodies lingering on unstable trajectories after the dissolution of the protoplanetary disk. We explore the chemical consequences of impacts within the context of reducing planetary atmospheres dominated by carbon monoxide, methane, and molecular nitrogen. A terawatt high-power laser was selected in order to simulate the airglow plasma and blast wave surrounding the impactor. The chemical results of these experiments are then applied to a theoretical atmospheric model. The impact simulation results in substantial volume mixing ratios within the reactor of 5% hydrogen cyanide (HCN), 8% acetylene (C2H2), 5% cyanoacetylene (HC3N), and 1% ammonia (NH3). These yields are combined with estimated impact rates for the early Earth to predict surface boundary conditions for an atmospheric model. We show that impacts might have served as sources of energy that would have led to steady-state surface quantities of 0.4% C2H2, 400 ppm HCN, and 40 ppm NH3. We provide simulated transit spectra for an Earth-like exoplanet with this reducing atmosphere during and shortly after eras of intense impacts. We predict that acetylene is as observable as other molecular features on exoplanets with reducing atmospheres that have recently gone through their own “heavy bombardments,” with prominent features at 3.05 and 10.5 μm.
Radio, EUV, and X-Ray Observations during a Filament Rise in the 2011 June 7 Solar Flare
Authors: Karlický Marian , Kašparová Jana , Sych Robert
Published: December 2019

The most energetic flares start with a filament rise followed by magnetic reconnection below this filament. The start of the reconnection corresponds to the beginning of the flare impulsive phase. In this paper we study processes before this phase. During the filament rise we recognize an unusual radio continuum with a starting boundary drifting toward lower frequencies. The estimated velocity of the agent generating this continuum boundary is about 400 km s−1, similar to that of the rising filament. In association with this filament rise, transient X-ray sources and extreme ultraviolet (EUV) brightenings are found near the filament footpoint and outside the locations where later two parallel flare ribbons appear. Moreover, oscillations with a ∼30 s period are found simultaneously in radio, EUV, and X-ray observations. Around the end of these oscillations the flare impulsive phase starts as seen in observations of the drifting pulsation structure and X-ray source located at the upper part of the rising filament. We interpret the unusual radio continuum and transient X-ray sources, which are located outside the two parallel flare ribbons, as those generated during an interaction of the rising filament with the above-lying magnetic loops. The EUV brightening at the filament footpoint could be a signature of the magnetic reconnection inside the magnetic rope carrying the filament. Possible scenarios of the ∼30 s period oscillations in radio, X-ray, and EUV are discussed.
Coulomb Explosion of Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons Induced by Heavy Cosmic Rays: Carbon Chains Production Rates
Authors: Chabot M. , Béroff K. , Dartois E. , Pino T. , Godard M.
Published: December 2019

Cosmic rays (CRs) process the matter of the interstellar medium (ISM), not only modifying the interstellar matter but also injecting chemical species in the gas phase. In this work, we study the effect of CRs on astrophysical polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs). For events in which many electrons are stripped out from the PAHs, coulomb explosion takes place and carbon chains are produced. We computed PAH multi-ionization cross sections with a collisional model. We used another model to predict the fragmentation pattern following coulomb explosion. Experimental measurements were used to assess the validity of the calculations. The production rates of carbon chains were calculated using different CR fluxes and elemental compositions, to account for the variations expected in different astrophysical environments. PAHs with a range of sizes and levels of compactness were explored. As an average over the explored PAHs, the PAH lifetime with respect to a standard interstellar CR flux is found to be on the order of a few billion years. The production rates of chains (5–15 carbons) are slightly below the H2 ionization rate ζ. In the diffuse ISM, with 10% of the available cosmic carbon locked in PAHs, this process leads to carbon chain fractional abundances at steady state, in the range of 10−15–10−14, with a confidence interval of 1 order of magnitude. It reaches 10−13 in quiescent dense clouds. This is not sufficient to explain the observed abundances of carbon chains and complex organic molecules in dense clouds.
3D MHD Modeling of the Impact of Subsurface Stratification on the Solar Dynamo
Authors: Stejko Andrey M. , Guerrero Gustavo , Kosovichev Alexander G. , Smolarkiewicz Piotr K.
Published: December 2019

Various models of solar subsurface stratification are tested in the global EULAG-MHD solver to simulate diverse regimes of near-surface convective transport. Sub- and superadiabacity are altered at the surface of the model (r > 0.95R
⊙) to either suppress or enhance convective flow speeds in an effort to investigate the impact of the near-surface layer on global dynamics. A major consequence of increasing surface convection rates appears to be a significant alteration of the distribution of angular momentum, especially below the tachocline where the rotational frequency predominantly increases at higher latitudes. These hydrodynamic changes correspond to large shifts in the development of the current helicity in this stable layer (r < 0.72R
⊙), significantly altering its impact on the generation of poloidal and toroidal fields at the tachocline and below, acting as a major contributor toward transitions in the dynamo cycle. The enhanced near-surface flow speed manifests in a global shift of the toroidal field (B

ϕ
) in the butterfly diagram, from a north–south symmetric pattern to a staggered antisymmetric emergence.
X-Ray Emission and Disk Irradiation of HL Tau and HD 100546
Authors: Skinner Stephen L. , Güdel Manuel
Published: December 2019

We present new X-ray observations of the optically obscured protostar HL Tau and the intermediate-mass Herbig Be star HD 100546. Both objects are surrounded by spectacular disks showing complex morphology, including rings and gaps that may have been sculpted by protoplanets. HL Tau was detected as a variable hard X-ray source by Chandra, typical of late-type magnetically active coronal sources. No extended X-ray emission was seen along the HL Tau jet, or along the jet of the T Tauri binary system XZ Tau located 23″ to its east. In contrast, HD 100546 was detected by XMM-Newton as a soft X-ray source (kT ≲ 1 keV) with no short-term (<1 day) variability. Its X-ray properties are remarkably similar to the Herbig stars AB Aur and HD 163296, strongly suggesting that their X-ray emission arises from the same mechanism and is intrinsic to the Herbig stars themselves, not due to unseen late-type companions. We consider several possible emission mechanisms and conclude that the X-ray properties of HD 100546 are consistent with an accretion shock origin, but higher resolution grating spectra capable of providing information on individual emission lines are needed to more reliably distinguish between accretion shocks and alternatives. We show that X-ray ionization and heating are mainly confined to the upper disk layers in both HL Tau and HD 100546, and any exoplanets near the midplane at distances ≥1 au are well-shielded from X-rays produced by the central star.
Simultaneous Presentation of Benign Paroxysmal Positional Vertigo and Meniereâ€™s Disease â€“ Case Report
Authors: Davcheva-Chakar Marina , Kopacheva-Barsova Gabriela , Nikolovski Nikola
Published: December 2019

BACKGROUND: Benign paroxysmal positional vertigo (BPPV) is one of the most common clinical entities, which develops spontaneously in most of the cases, but it can be secondary as a result of different conditions such as head injuries, viral neurolabyrinthitis, Meniereâ€™s disease and vertebrobasilar ischemia. The aim of presenting this case is to point out to the need of taking a precise clinical history and performing Dix-Hallpike manoeuvre in all patients who complain about vertigo regardless of the previously diagnosed primary disease of the inner ear.
CASE PRESENTATION: A 63-year-old female patient presented with the classical triad of symptoms for Meniereâ€™s disease (fluctuating sensorineural hearing loss in the right ear, tinnitus and fullness in the same ear and rotary vertigo), two years later complained of brief episodes of vertigo linked to changes in head position relative to gravity. Dix-Hallpike manoeuvre showed a classical response in the head-hanging right position. Benign paroxysmal positional vertigo (BPPV) in the same ear was diagnosed in this patient. After treatment with Epleyâ€™s canal repositioning manoeuvre for a few days, the symptoms of positional vertigo resolved.
CONCLUSION: The authors recommend complete audiological and otoneurological evaluation in all patients with vertigo for timely recognition/diagnosis of any inner ear associated pathology.
Osteopontin for Early Detection of Microvascular and Macrovascular Type 1 Diabetic Complication
Authors: Abd El Dayem Soha M. , El Bohy Abo El Magd , Battah Ahmed A. , Hamed Mona , Abd El Aziz Shereen Hamdy
Published: December 2019

AIM: To evaluate the relationship between osteopontin and diabetes complication in type 1 diabetic patient.
PATIENTS AND METHODS: Seventy types 1 diabetic and 60 healthy volunteers were studied. Full history, examination, laboratory tests of glycosylated haemoglobin (HbA1c), serum lipids {cholesterol, triglyceride (Tg), high-density lipoprotein-cholesterol (HDL-c), low-density lipoprotein â€“ cholesterol (LDL-c)}, oxidised low-density lipoprotein (OxLDL), Osteopontin and urinary microalbuminuria (albumin/creatinine ratio) were done. Image study in the form of a carotid intimal medial thickness (cIMT) and aortic intimal medial thickness (aIMT), renal doppler for resistivity index was also done for all participant included in the study.
RESULTS: Urinary albumin/creatinine ratio, lipid profile, osteopontin, cIMT and aIMT were higher in people with diabetes. Osteopontin was higher in people with diabetes with positive microalbuminuria and cIMT. Systolic blood pressure, microalbuminuria and cIMT had a positive correlation with osteopontin in people with diabetes. Stepwise multiple regression analysis showed that osteopontin had a significant correlation with cIMT. Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve showed that the cut off value of Osteopontin for detection of cIMT was > 60 with a specificity of 100% and sensitivity 80.5%, while that of albumin/creatinine ratio was > 64 with a specificity of 66.7 and sensitivity of 92.3.
CONCLUSION: Osteopontin is higher in type 1 diabetics and is useful for early detection of diabetic microvascular and macrovascular complication.
Interleukin 10 Induces the Expression of Membrane-Bound HLA- G and the Production of Soluble HLA-G on HeLa CCL-2 Cells
Authors: Hasanah Nurul , Mintaroem Karyono , Enggar Fitri Loeki , Noorhamdani Noorhamdani
Published: December 2019

BACKGROUND: Interleukin-10 is a cytokine that has a pleiotropic effect on the immune system and inflammation. IL-10 can contribute to the anti-tumour immune response by increasing HLA-G expression.
AIM: This study aimed to determine the effect of IL-10 induction on membrane HLA-G expression and soluble HLA-G production of HeLa CCL-2 cells.
METHODS: HeLa CCL-2 cells were cultured in the well plate and divided into 4 groups consist of 1 control group that was not induced by IL-10 and 3 treatment groups that were induced by IL-10 500 ng/ml, 1000 ng/ml and 2000 ng/ml respectively. All groups were incubated for 48 hours in a 37Â°C incubator at 5% CO2 atmospheric pressure. HLA-G measurements were carried out both in cell lysate and cell culture supernatant using ELISA and in membrane-bound using immunofluorescence method. The expression of HLA-G in membrane-bound calculated using the ImageJ application. Data obtained were analysed by ANOVA and LSD test.
RESULTS: In the control group, the HLA-G level in the culture supernatant was higher than in cell lysate (p = 0.000), as well as in all treatment groups (p = 0.000). There were significant differences between the treatment group (p = 0.000) and within the treatment group (p = 0.000) at HLA levels. The highest expression of HLA-G in HeLa cell membranes found in cell culture induced by IL-10 concentrations of 500 ng/ml, i.e., 59.28 AU in view. HLA-G membrane expression in the IL-10 1000 ng/ml induced group was significantly different from all treatment groups (p = 0.000).
CONCLUSION: HeLa CCL-2 cells express HLA-G on the membrane and release dissolved HLA-G without induction of IL-10 although IL-10 induction augments the presence and the production of HLA-G in HeLa CCl-2 cells.
The Effect of Adding Low-Dose Naloxone to Intrathecal Morphine on Postoperative Pain and Morphine Related Side Effects after Cesarean Section: A Double-Blind, Randomized, Clinical Trial
Authors: Peivandi Saloumeh , Habibi Mohammad Reza , Baradari Afshin Gholipour , Gholinataj Abdolmajid , Habibi Ali , Khademloo Mohammad , Foladi Foad
Published: December 2019

BACKGROUND: Nowadays, spinal anaesthesia is a suitable choice for most elective and emergency cesarean section (C-section) deliveries.
AIM: This study aimed to determine the effect of adding low-dose naloxone to intrathecal morphine on postoperative pain and morphine related side effects after C-section.
MATERIAL AND METHODS: In the present double-blind, randomised clinical trial, 70 women aged over 18 years, who were candidates for elective medical C-section under spinal anaesthesia were selected and randomly assigned to either the study group or the control group. For spinal anaesthesia, 10 mg of Bupivacaine plus 100 Î¼g of morphine was administered for all patients. However, patients in the study group received 20 Âµg of naloxone intrathecally; but the patients in the control group only received normal saline as a placebo. After surgery, patient-controlled analgesia (PCA) pump with paracetamol (ApotelÂ®) was connected to each patient. The intensity of postoperative pain in the patients was evaluated and recorded using Visual Acuity Screening (VAS) at 2, 4, 6 and 24 hours after the surgery. The patients were also examined for postoperative nausea and pruritus.
RESULTS: Regardless of the groups to which the patients were assigned, a significant difference in pain intensity was observed during the study period (time effect; p < 0.001). Although the intensity of pain was lower in the study group, the difference was not statistically significant (group effect; p = 0.84). Also, there was no group time interaction between pain intensity and the times studied (p = 0.61). The incidence rates of postoperative nausea and pruritus were significantly lower in the study group compared to the control group (p < 0.001).
CONCLUSION: According to the results of this study, adding low dose naloxone to intrathecal morphine did not significantly change postoperative pain intensity in the patients undergone elective C-section using spinal anaesthesia; however, significantly decreased the severity of postoperative nausea and pruritus.
Psychometric Properties and Contribution to Mental Health of the Bulgarian version of the 4-Factor Ruminative Thought Style Questionnaire
Authors: Dzhambov Angel M. , Tilov Boris G. , Makakova Desislava R. , Dimitrova Donka D.
Published: December 2019

Background: The Ruminative Thought Style Questionnaire (RTSQ) is a multifaceted measure of general trait rumination. However, there is no instrument for measuring rumination in Bulgarian, which limits progress in the field.

Aim: We aimed to validate the RTSQ in Bulgarian and examine its psychometric properties and contribution to several mental health outcomes.

Materials and methods: We sampled 529 undergraduate students (18 – 35 years; 33.6% male; 80.9% Bulgarian) from the Medical University in Plovdiv, Bulgaria. They completed a questionnaire asking about rumination (RTSQ), mental health, and sociodemographic information. The RTSQ was first translated to Bulgarian. Its internal consistency was assessed with Cronbach’s alpha. Confirmatory factor analysis was performed on the 4-factor RTSQ, and multi-group CFA examined its measurement invariance. Structural equation modelling was used to test the relations between the RTSQ factors, depression, anxiety, and resilience to stress.

Results: The RTSQ had acceptable internal consistency (α ≥ 0.8) and its 4-factor model had good fit to the data. In addition, its measurement invariance was supported across languages and cultures of administration. We observed differential associations with depression, anxiety, and resilience, with some of the RTSQ factors emerging as maladaptive (problem-focused thoughts and repetitive thoughts), while others as neutral (anticipatory thoughts) or potentially supportive of resilience (counterfactual thinking).

Conclusion: The RTSQ was successfully validated in Bulgarian and represents a reliable measure of trait rumination. It could be useful in gaining further insight into strategies adopted by individuals to cope with stressors and could help develop interventions supporting healthy coping styles. These findings should be replicated in other non-clinical/clinical populations.
Comparison of Radial Extracorporeal Shockwave Therapy versus Ultrasound Therapy in the Treatment of Rotator Cuff Tendinopathy
Authors: Dedes Vasileios , Tzirogiannis Konstantinos , Polikandrioti Maria , Dede Ariadni Maria , Nikolaidis Christos , Mitseas Athanasios , Panoutsopoulos Georgios I.
Published: December 2019

Introduction: People suffering from rotator cuff tendinopathy exhibit reduced mobility due to pain. The pain and the limited functionality affect negatively the overall quality of life.

Aim: The present study aimed to investigate the intensity of pain, the functionality of the upper limbs and the quality of life of patients with rotator cuff tendinopathy by using two different therapeutic modalities, shockwave and ultrasound, whose outcomes were assessed pre-treatment and post-treatment as well as after a 4-week follow-up.

Materials and methods: Out of the total sample of 115 patients with rotator cuff tendinopathy, 56 patients constituted the shockwave intervention group, 47 patients constituted the therapeutic ultrasound group and 12 patients made up the control group. The self-administered questionnaire “The University of Peloponnese Pain, Functionality and Quality of Life Questionnaire, UoP – PFQ” was used where the intensity of pain, functionality and quality of life of the upper limbs were evaluated on a five-point Likert scale, pre-treatment, post-treatment and at a 4-week follow-up.

Results: The pain intensity was reduced and both the functionality and quality of life were improved after shockwave therapy post-treatment (p<0.001) and at a 4-week follow-up (p<0.001) compared with those found after the treatment. Similar improvements in all three parameters were also observed after ultrasound treatment but the outcomes were not as pronounced as in the shockwave group. 

Conclusion: Both radial shockwave and ultrasound therapies were found to be effective in the treatment of rotator cuff tendinopathy, the statistical analysis showing that radial shockwave therapy was superior to the ultrasound therapy post-treatment and at the 4-week follow-up.
Neuromyelitis Optica and Systemic Lupus Erythematosus Association – the Chicken or the Egg Dilemma: a Case Report
Authors: Chaneva Orlina , Viteva Ekaterina , Trenova Anastasia , Slavov Georgi , Shukerski Krasimir , Manova Maria , Zahariev Zahari
Published: December 2019

We present a case report of a 32-year-old woman diagnosed with opticomyelitis of Devic (OMD) and systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE). The onset of neurological symptoms was with optic neuritis. Five months later the neurological deficit progressed within a few days to lower paraplegia and upper paraparesis, retention of urine and faeces, impaired somatic and deep sensation below the level of Th1 dermatome. The results from laboratory investigations confirmed anaemic syndrome, increased urea and creatinine, hypoproteinemia and severe proteinuria. The results from CSF investigations demonstrated hyperproteinorachia with extremely high Ig fractions. Serum and CSF oligoclonal bands and positive serum Aquaporin IgG 32 times higher than the upper referent limit were found. The association with SLE was confirmed by the increased levels of total ANA and anti-ds-DNA ANA. MRT visualized the spinal cord as non-homogenously hypointense on T1 and extremely hyperintense on FLAIR sequences through its whole length up to the bulbar-pontine region. The MRT findings and the serum Aquaporin IgG confirmed the diagnosis OMD. The patient was treated with intravenous immunomodulating agents. 

We consider the presented case of special interest because of the comorbidity of an aggressive autoimmune systemic and an organ-specific disease of the central nervous system. 
Bacteremia Following Closed and Open Dental Extraction
Authors: Gavazova Galina , Hristozova Eli , Kisselov Stanimir , Raycheva Ralitsa , Pechalova Petia
Published: December 2019

Aim: To observe bacteremia following closed and open dental extraction.

Material and methods: The study included two subject groups each comprising 29 participants. Group I patients received a single closed dental extraction, and group II patients – a single open extraction. Venous blood from the cubital vein of each patient was collected in three samples – preoperatively, 30 seconds after surgery, and 15 minutes after surgery. Anaerobic and aerobic hemocultures (Bact/ALERT, BioMerieux, Inc., Durhamn, N.C.) were used to study the bacteremia process.

Results: Preoperatively, bacteremia was confirmed in 4 patients (6.9%) undergoing closed extraction and in 1 patient (1.7%) undergoing open extraction. Additionally, we found statistically significant relation between bacteremia and age (p=0.002). Thirty seconds after surgery bacteriemia was evident in 6 patients (10.3%) from group I and in 3 (5.2%) from group II. Fifteen minutes following surgery bacteremia was evident in 4 patients (6.9%) undergoing typical extraction and in one patient (1.7%) undergoing surgical extraction. No statistically significant relation between type of extraction and presence of bacteria in the bloodstream at 30 seconds (p=0.285) and at 15 minutes (p=0.166) was found. Coagulase-negative Staphylococcus was the most frequently found microorganism (22.2% of aerobic and 11.1% of anaerobic hemocultures). The results show greater significance of bacteremia at 30 seconds, compared to preoperative samples for both subject groups (p=0.03).

Conclusions: Bacteremia following dental extraction is unaffected by duration of intervention, type of extraction and gender.
Synthesis of Azide Functionalized Tetrahydrobenzofurans and their Antineoplastic Study
Authors: Pandit Chintan , Kapadiya Khushal M.
Published: December 2019

Background: In chemistry, the derivatives of benzofuran which are substituted on five-membered ring constitute one of the salient moieties in medicinal field and a survey of literature revealed that a good number of reports have shown that tetrahydrobenzofuran derivatives are of valuable biological activities.

Aim: On the basis of previous survey, we aimed to generate a series of 2-(4-azidobenzoyl)-3-substitutedaryl-6,6-dimethyl-2,3,6,7-tetrahydrobenzofuran-4(5H)-one bearing azide group which were identified by anti-cancer screening against sixteen cell-lines of NCI (National Cancer Institute) using nine different cancer cell panels.

Materials and methods: The tetrahydrobenzofuran derivatives were synthesized by multi-component reactions. It was achieved by coupling of dimedone (3.57 mmole), 4-azido phenacyl bromide (3.92 mmole) and various aromatic aldehydes (3.57 mmole) using two different bases i.e. pyridine and N,N- diethylethanamine under reflux condition. Anti-cancer activity was carried out by NCI-60 cell-lines using standard protocol by National Institute of Health.

Results: The results from anti-cancer study shows that the compound 4a exhibited diverse cytotoxic activity against renal cancer panel (UO-31) with significant selectivity and had inhibitory effect on the generation of UO-31 (growth percent= 69.36%) and the compound 4e showed comparable activity in the same cell-line (UO-31: growth percent= 80.86%).

Conclusions: In summary, a series of azide group containing tetrahydrobenzofuran derivatives have been synthesized and were evaluated for their anticancer activity. It was concluded that the derivatives 4a and 4e exhibited promising anticancer activity. Nature of substituent on phenyl ring seems to be the crucial factor affecting the activity in both the compounds.
A Collision between Fibroma and Serous Ovarian Cystadenoma Mimicking Carcinoma
Authors: Shopov Spasimir
Published: December 2019

Collision tumors represent a coexistence of two adjacent but histologically distinct tumors without histologic admixture in an organ.

Ovarian fibroma is the most common benign stromal tumor. Serous tumors of the ovary are the most common of epithelial tumors. However, a collision between them is a rare pathology mimicking a malignant tumor. We report a 63-year-old woman with sparse postmenopausal bleeding. Ultrasound examination of organs in a small pelvis rounded right ovary formation with hypo and hyperdense sections. Paraclinical: CA125 slightly increased. Histological: collision between two benign ovarian tumors imitating carcinoma.
Can 3D Vision Improve Laparoscopic Performance in Box Simulation Training when Compared to Conventional 2D Vision?
Authors: Österberg Johanna , Sokratous Arestis , Georgiou Konstantinos , Enochsson Lars
Published: December 2019

Introduction: Three-dimensional (3D) imaging systems have been introduced in laparoscopic surgery to facilitate binocular vision and dexterity to improve surgical performance and safety. Several studies have shown the benefits of 3D imaging in laparoscopy, but until now only a few studies have assessed the outcome by using objective variables. Box trainers are affordable alternatives to virtual laparoscopic surgical training, and the possibility of using real surgical instruments makes them more realistic to use. However, the data and feedback by a virtual simulator have not, until now, been able to assess. Simball Box®, equipped with G-coder sensors®, registers the instrument movements during training and gives the same feedback like a virtual simulator.Aim: The aim of this study was to objectively evaluate the laparoscopic performance in 3D compared to conventional 2D vision by using a box simulation trainer.Materials and methods: Thirty surgeons, residents and consultants, participated in the study. Eighteen had no, or minimal, laparoscopic experience (novices) whereas 12 were experts. They all performed three standard box training exercises (rope race, precision cutting, and basic suturing) in Simball Box. The participants were randomized and started with either 3D HD or traditional 2D HD cameras. The exercises were instructed and supervised. All instrument movements were registered. Variations in time, linear distance, average speed, and motion smoothness were analyzed.Results: The parameters time, distance, speed, and motion smoothness were significantly better when the 3D camera was used.Conclusion: All individuals of both subgroups achieved significantly higher speed and better motion smoothness when using 3D.
Validation of the mapping of innovative methods and research integrity curricula
Authors: Häberlein Lisa , Cengiz Paula-Manuela , Demirova Iliyana , Dwojak-Matras Agnieszka , Jacobsen Mette , Koterwas Agnieszka , Lopez Belén , Metodiev Teodor , Palianopoulou Maria
Published: December 2019

This document is an up-to-date map on curricula in which research integrity (RI) or research ethics (RE) is currently included. It contains a collection of curricula in which RI/RE or associated fields are mentioned from the Path2Integrity partner countries Bulgaria, Denmark, Germany, Poland and Spain. Moving forward, the Path2Integrity training programme for educators will develop research integrity courses for trainers using this map as a reference. In this way, the project aims to support educators in closing possible gaps. At a broader level, Path2Integrity is involved in discourse with various stakeholders to establish a board of educational policymakers and stakeholders comprised of members from at least eight different countries to foster RI and parts of RI in European curricula.