bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
CULTIVATING CRITICAL THINKING: INSIGHTS FROM AN ELITE LIBERAL ARTS COLLEGE
Authors: Tsui Lisa
Published: May 2022

Findings from this qualitative case study of an elite liberal arts college reveal that critical thinking development is facilitated by the intellectual ethos that faculty foster within the classroom, in this case one that emphasizes “thinking outside of the box,” student self-efficacy, and self-directed learning.
Reflection, Revision, and Assessment in First-Year Composition ePortfolios
Authors: Desmet Christy , Miller Deborah Church , Griffin June , Balthazor Ron , Cummings Robert E.
Published: May 2022

Does revision of graded essays for an electronic protfolio improve First-Year Composition students' scores from anonymous raters? In a sample of 450 paired essays, 46 percent improved by one or more points on a six-point scale, 28 percent remained the same, and 26 percent declined by one or more points.
Learning, Reflection, and Electronic Portfolios: Stepping Toward an Assessment Practice
Authors: Rickards William H. , Diez Mary E. , Ehley Linda , Guilbault Lauralee F. , Loacker Georgine , Hart Judith Reisetter , Smith Paul C.
Published: May 2022

Electronic portfolios have developed as a medium for learning that makes use of the learners' own reflections on connections among portfolio artifacts. This study used a portfolio-based, mid-program reflection of undergraduate students to elaborate a framework for reflective learning and raise questions about related assessment practices.
Universities as Responsive Learning Organizations Through Competency-Based Assessment with Electronic Portfolios
Authors: Cambridge Darren
Published: May 2022

Universities should embrace democratic values. Using electronic portfolios, competency-based assessment can enact them. Rather than preset standards, competencies become boundary objects connecting individual student experience to community conversation about what it means to be educated. This article examines this approach in practice at New Century College, George Mason University.
The Development of Political Awareness and Social Justice Citizenship Through Community-Based Learning in a First-Year General Education Seminar
Authors: Schamber Jon F. , Mahoney Sandra L.
Published: May 2022

This study assessed a community-based learning program in a firstyear general education seminar devoted to civic engagement and critical analysis of social issues. It investigated student attitudes and themes in students' policy papers. The results indicate that community-based learning strengthens political awareness and social justice attitudes and fosters political knowledge.
Epistemologies of the Sciences, Humanities, and Social Sciences: Liberal Arts Students' Perceptions
Authors: Marra Rose M. , Palmer Betsy
Published: May 2022

In this study we investigated students' domain-specific and domain-general epistemological perspectives within the social sciences/humanities and the sciences. Data validated a grounded theory of how epistemological beliefs develop at different paces in these domains. Results are discussed in terms of how to use these differences to inform teaching and learning.
Flow Writing in the Liberal Arts Core and Across the Disciplines: A Vehicle for Confronting and Transforming Academic Disengagement
Authors: Gute Deanne , Gute Gary
Published: May 2022

This study examined the subjective experience of academic disengagement. Flow theory, which describes an intense form of engagement, structured writing-to-learn activities undergraduates applied in major and liberal arts courses. Results suggest that writing to learn can transform academic anxiety and boredom by facilitating concentration, providing feedback, and enhancing enjoyment.
It's Alive! The Life Span of an Interdisciplinary Course in the Humanities
Authors: Drake Tom , O'Rourke Michael , Panttaja Dean , Peterson Ivan
Published: May 2022

After describing our interdisciplinary humanities course and its history, we identify challenges these courses face and strategies for keeping them vigorous. We argue that course longevity depends on effective translation of vision and content into explicit goals bridging the gaps between faculty members and between faculty and students.
A Comparison of an Introductory Course to SAT/ACT Scores in Predicting Student Performance
Authors: Marsh Crystale M. , Vandehey Michael A. , Diekhoff George M.
Published: May 2022

We assessed students in General Psychology classes and examined their SAT/ACT scores, GPAS, and attempted and earned hours. Exams in General Psychology were superior to the SAT/ACT in predicting GPA, supporting the use of an introductory course as a "gateway" for identifying at-risk students and engaging them in academic services.
Introducing a Culture of Civility in First-Year College Classes
Authors: Connelly Robert J.
Published: May 2022

This article presents the case for general education assuming a leadership role in explicitly introducing academic civility education in the first-year classroom. A general definition of civility as a virtue is offered as a foundation for developing a Code of Academic Civility for use in first-year classes.
Proctors Matter: Strategies for Increasing Examinee Effort on General Education Program Assessments
Authors: Lau Abigail R. , Swerdzewski Peter J. , Jones Andrew T. , Anderson Robin D. , Markle Ross E.
Published: May 2022

General education program assessment involves low-stakes testing, but students may not be motivated to perform optimally if they know the test results will not represent them personally. We propose a protocol for administering general education tests under low-stakes conditions and describe simple proctor strategies that engender effort and inhibit inattention.
God and Objectivism: A Critique of Objectivist Philosophy of Religion
Authors: Parrish Stephen E.
Published: May 2022

Objectivism is committed to atheism. However, Objectivists have done little work in Philosophy of Religion. This article argues that much of the work that they have done is fallacious. In particular, the critique of God that Peikoff gives in Objectivism: The Philosophy of Ayn Rand is deeply flawed. If they want to justify their atheism, Objectivists need to rework and revise their arguments; in the final analysis, however, it is doubtful that their efforts will succeed.
Merely Metaphorical? Ayn Rand, Isabel Paterson, and the Language of Theory
Authors: Cox Stephen
Published: May 2022

Admirers of Isabel Paterson's political and historical theory have often been critical of her use of imagery drawn from various branches of engineering. An examination of Ayn Rand's comments on this issue introduces important questions about the use of imagistic language in theory and description, the role of imagery in Paterson's theories, and the difficulties that Rand encountered in assessing those theories.
Reply to Tibor R. Machan, "Rand and Choice" (Spring 2006), Eric Mack, "More Problematic Arguments in Randian Ethics" (Spring 2006), and Douglas B. Rasmussen, "Regarding Choice and the Foundation of Morality: Reflections on Rand's Ethics" (Spring 2006): Objectivity and the Proof of Egoism
Authors: Hartford Robert
Published: May 2022

Tibor R. Machan, Eric Mack, and Douglas B. Rasmussen present three differing analyses of Rand's view that the "choice to live" serves as the foundation of her ethical system. Hartford criticizes Machan's view that the choice is a "fundamental commitment." Hartford concludes that Rasmussen's assertion—that individual self-perfection is the natural end of human choice—cannot validate the choice to live. Hartford claims that Mack's analysis of the "function of valuing" as a bridge of the factual-normative gap can be strengthened. Hartford argues that carefully defining the meaning of "the choice to live" allows proof of its validity.
Rejoinder to Robert Hartford, "Objectivity and the Proof of Egoism" (Spring 2007): A Brief Comment on Hartford
Authors: Machan Tibor R.
Published: May 2022

In response to Robert Hartford's criticisms of his Spring 2006 Journal of Ayn Rand Studies essay, "Rand and Choice," Machan reiterates the main point: Prior to the choice to live/think, a human being cannot be aware of any principle of ethics. So the choice to live/think cannot rest on such a principle. Only once that choice has been made—however incrementally, gradually, by fits and starts—can one be rationally expected to live a principled life.
Rejoinder to Robert Hartford, "Objectivity and the Proof of Egoism" (Spring 2007): Rand's Metaethics
Authors: Rasmussen Douglas B.
Published: May 2022

In response to Robert Hartford's criticisms of his Spring 2006 Journal of Ayn Rand Studies essay, "Regarding Choice and the Foundations of Morality," Rasmussen argues against "the official" interpretation of Rand's ethics as resting on a basic "choice to live." Drawing from his work with Douglas Den Uyl, Rasmussen argues that Rand's metaethics is best understood in "biocentric," neo-Aristotelian terms: that human choice does not set the context in which it operates and that "man's life qua man" is the natural end of human life.
Rejoinder to John Altick, "Putting Humans First? YES!" (Spring 2007): Animals and Rights
Authors: Graham David , Nobis Nathan
Published: May 2022

In his reply to the Nobis-Graham review of Tibor Machan's book, Putting Humans First, John Altick defends Machan's and Rand's theories of moral rights, specifically as they relate to the rights of non-human animals and non-rational human beings. Nobis and Graham argue that Altick's defense fails and that it would be wrong to eat, wear, and experiment on non-rational—yet conscious and sentient—human beings. Since morally relevant differences between these kinds of humans and animals have not been identified to justify a difference in treatment or consideration, it is wrong to harm animals for these purposes also.
To Think or Not: A Structural Resolution to the Mind-Body and Free Will-Determinism Problem
Authors: Goodell Neil K.
Published: May 2022

The mind-body and free will-determinism problem is presented as an instance of the more general top-down versus bottom-up process model. The construct of a metaphysical hierarchy consisting of 3 levels (matter, life and mind) is introduced, with each level governed by emergent, non-overlapping fundamental causal forces. Rand's theories of epistemology, language, and volition are shown to be inherently circular and impossible to be true. The concepts of metaphysical identity and epistemological identity are introduced. Metaphysics and epistemology are recharacterized in exclusively bottom-up terms informed by recent advances in the natural sciences, along with theories for perception, similarity, language, and volition.
Ayn Rand and "The Objective": A Closer Look at the Intrinsic-Objective-Subjective Trichotomy
Authors: Bissell Roger E.
Published: May 2022

This essay offers a new interpretation and clarification of Rand's intrinsic-objective-subjective trichotomy, arguing that although her writings show the objective as having both epistemological and metaphysical aspects, the latter has been drastically downplayed, much to the detriment of the further development of Objectivism. The article traces the historical roots of the concept of the "objective," as well as the confusion and errors that led to the scope of Rand's trichotomy being radically curtailed by its two chief proponents, and it explains how the common view of the objective as "mind-independent" is a pitfall to be avoided.
Self-as-Organism and Sense of Self: Toward a Differential Conception
Authors: Schwartz Andrew
Published: May 2022

This article proposes that Rand's identification of self with mind is at odds with an approach to self that would optimally recognize and honor the integrated nature of mind and body. The article seeks to demonstrate the logic and value of identifying the self with the whole organism, and proposes that differentiating the self from the sense of self is crucial to developing objectivity of self-understanding and a skillful lifestyle.
Society: Toward an Objective View
Authors: Brown Susan Love
Published: May 2022

This article seeks to clarify the nature of human society by reclaiming sociality as an attribute of human nature. Sociality—the need for human beings to connect physically and psychologically with other human beings—contributes to the development of the rational faculty, affecting the processes of identity formation, socialization, and enculturation. Following F.G. Bailey's model of political structures as a foundation, the article posits that social structures and their institutions derive from nine domains of human action: the social, economic, political, legal, educational, medical, spiritual, artistic, and sportive.
Self-Directedness and the Human Good
Authors: Vedder Peter E.
Published: May 2022

This review of Norms of Liberty by Douglas Rasmussen and Douglas Den Uyl seeks to outline the authors' attempts to provide a foundation for liberalism. Their solution emerges from a synthesis of the liberty implied in acts of deliberative choice and norms rooted in knowledge of human nature. This synthesis, however, proves to be unstable. Deliberative choice must be conditioned and determined by knowledge of human nature, but free choice must be unconditioned and autonomous. The attempt to square this circle through the notion of individualistic perfectionism conceals rather than solves the difficulty.
Ayn Rand, Novelist
Authors: Saint-Andre Peter
Published: May 2022

This review provides a precis of The Literary Art of Ayn Rand, edited by William Thomas, a recent volume of essays that delve into the often-neglected literary aspects of Rand's major novels. After summarizing work on Rand's style, characterization, plots, and themes, the reviewer also raises issues that remain to be explored regarding Rand's imaginative writing.
Rejoinder to Michael Huemer, "On Behalf of Ethical Intuitionism" (Fall 2007): Neglecting Rand's Metaethics
Authors: Seddon Fred
Published: May 2022

Fred Seddon answers Michael Huemer's reply, focusing on two central issues in ethics: foundationalism and relativism. On the latter, he argues that Huemer neglects Rand's metaethics and her relational notion of the good.
Completing the American Revolution: The Significance of Ayn Rand's Atlas Shrugged at its Fiftieth Anniversary
Authors: Mayer David N.
Published: May 2022

In 1961, Ayn Rand called for "a moral revolution to sanction and complete the political achievement of the American Revolution." Through her novel Atlas Shrugged and the philosophy it presents, Rand shows what must be done to complete the unfinished American Revolution. This essay, written to commemorate the book's fiftieth anniversary, discusses the historical background necessary to understand how Atlas Shrugged accomplishes this purpose.It explains how and why the Revolution was incomplete—focusing on the law's failure to fully protect the rights of businessmen—and suggests how to achieve the "moral revolution" needed to complete the Founders' work.
Rand and MacIntyre on Moral Agency
Authors: Beadle Ron
Published: May 2022

This paper contrasts the work of Ayn Rand and Alasdair Maclntyre on moral agency. Both argue that moral agency requires the application of a consistent moral code across relationships with others and that such consistency is rarely evident in the modern social order. However, while Maclntyre holds this failure to be a defining feature of the modern social order, Rand holds this to be a failure of individuals and a marker of a wider cultural confusion. While Rand sees selfishness and capitalism as the means to overcome individual and institutional "mixed premises," Maclntyre condemns both.
Missing the Mark: Salsman's Review of the Great Depression
Authors: Sechrest Larry J.
Published: May 2022

Objectivist Richard Salsman has recently offered a provocative commentary on business cycles in general and on the Great Depression in particular. The present paper closely examines Salsman's essay, with special attention given to his condemnation of Austrian business cycle theory. It demonstrates that Salsman's account of the Great Depression is confused and inadequate, because it is riddled with both factual errors and misunderstandings. Moreover, his attack on Austrian economists is indefensible. Indeed, he is not even reliably able to recognize their theory when it is laid before him.
Reply to Juliusz Jablecki, "Defending Advertising" (Spring 2008): The Connection between Advertising and Objectivist Epistemology
Authors: Kirkpatrick Jerry
Published: May 2022

Kirkpatrick responds to "minor shortcomings" discussed in Juliusz Jablecki's review of In Defense of Advertising ("Defending Advertising"). The main issue is the need to delve deeply into the Objectivist ethics and epistemology in order to defend the very applied and concrete discipline of advertising. Kirkpatrick expands on this need and then briefly addresses additional minor complaints mentioned in the generally positive review.
Rejoinder to Jerry Kirkpatrick, "The Connection between Advertising and Objectivist Epistemology" (Spring 2008): Advertising, Capitalism, and Christianity
Authors: Jablecki Juliusz
Published: May 2022

Jerry Kirkpatrick's reply ("The Connection between Advertising and Objectivist Bpistemology") to Juliusz Jablecki's review of his book, In Defense of Advertising, does address most of the criticisms raised therein. Nevertheless, Kirkpatrick's account of the views of Ludwig von Mises, and his own opinion of the relationship between Christianity and capitalism, remain one-sided and incomplete.
Reply to Stephen E. Parrish, "God and Objectivism: A Critique of Objectivist Philosophy of Religion" (Spring 2007) and Patrick Toner, "Objectivist Atheology" (Spring 2007): Not Even False: A Commentary on Parrish and Toner
Authors: Reed Adam
Published: May 2022

In Ayn Rand's philosophical perspective, and in the working epistemology of science, claims, about which there is no knowledge originating in the evidence of the senses, are considered— in the words of physicist Wolfgang Pauli—" not even false." Theistic arguments presented in Tie Journal of Ayn Rand Studies by Parrish and Toner are in this category. Various claims to which Parrish and Toner refer are shown to come from misuse of intution, middle-school fallacies about probability, and attempts to deduce the existence of a god from temporary (and for the most part already closed) gaps in scientific knowledge.
Economic Decision-Making and Ethical Choice
Authors: Touchstone Kathleen
Published: May 2022

Some economists, notably Gary Becker, claim that economic analysis is applicable to any decision, ethical or otherwise. Ethical principles within Objectivist Ethics are based on long-range success— life being the measure of success. This paper examines these different approaches to decision-making. Decision theory and Rand's Benevolent Universe Premise form the basis for the analysis.
Re-Reading Atlas Shrugged
Authors: Huebert J. H.
Published: May 2022

Ayn Rand's Atlas Shrugged: A Philosophical and Uterary Companion, a new book edited by Edward W. Younkins, provides a reminder of how much Rand's great novel has to say on a broad range of subjects—and of what a joy the book has been for so many to read. This review summarizes and comments on the book's essays.
Rejoinder to Roderick T. Long, "Interpreting Plato's Dialogues: Aristotle versus Seddon" (Fall 2008): Long on Interpretation
Authors: Seddon Fred
Published: May 2022

In this essay, Seddon provides a brief rejoinder to Long's reply to his review of the monograph Reason and Value: Aristotle versus Rand. Despite his criticisms, Seddon maintains that reading Long's monograph will pay rewards for all those interested in the history of philosophy as it impacts Ayn Rand's thought.
Rejoinder to Douglas J. Den Uyl and Douglas B. Rasmussen, "Defending Norms of Liberty" (Fall 2008): Difficulties in Norms of Liberty
Authors: Vedder Peter E.
Published: May 2022

This rejoinder is a reply to the authors' criticisms of Vedder's original review of Norms of Liberty that seeks to clarify why the difficulties present in their attempt to establish the modern right to liberty on the foundation of Greek nobility and Aristotelian eudaemonism are insuperable.
Egoism in Nietzsche and Rand
Authors: Hicks Stephen R. C.
Published: May 2022

Philosophers Friedrich Nietzsche and Ayn Rand are often identified as strong critics of altruism and arch advocates of egoism. In this essay, Stephen Hicks argues that Nietzsche and Rand have much in common in their critiques of altruism but almost nothing in common in their views on egoism.
Reply to Stephen R. C. Hicks, "Egoism in Nietzsche and Rand" (Spring 2009): Egoism in Nietzsche and Rand: A Somewhat Different Approach
Authors: Hunt Lester
Published: May 2022

If we examine Rand's relation to Nietzsche in terms of the number of issues on which the late Rand agreed with him, the connection between them looks extremely weak. On the other hand, if we look at the relation in terms of Rand's philosophical development, the connection is much more profound. Nietzsche is where Rand began as a thinker, and though she traveled far from this source, her thinking always bore important traces of her beginnings.
Nietzsche, Rand, and the Ethics of the Great Task
Authors: Saint-Andre Peter
Published: May 2022

This essay traces a trajectory of ethical thought from Epicurus through Friedrich Nietzsche to Ayn Rand. Nietzsche originally celebrated Epicureanism as a form of refined heroism but subsequently repudiated Epicurus for being overly concerned with mere happiness. Out of Nietzsche's turn away from Epicurus came a focus on the nobility of creative work, which provided a springboard for Rand's ethics of productivity and achievement.
Will the Real Apollo Please Stand Up? Rand, Nietzsche, and the Reason-Emotion Dichotomy
Authors: Bissell Roger E.
Published: May 2022

The author probes the "Tower of Babel" effect surrounding Western civilization's long-standing fascination with the Greek god Apollo. He clarifies the reason-emotion dichotomy and shows the Classical-Romantic opposition of Apollo and Dionysus, as adopted by Ayn Rand and (supposedly) Friedrich Nietzsche, to be an inaccurate way to characterize either Apollo (god of reason) or Dionysus (god of emotion). Temperament theorist David Keirsey's linkage of Apollo with emotion is found similarly wanting, and an argument based on insights of personality type theorist Janet Germane is offered that Apollo instead is most fundamentally the god of intuition.
Embracing Power Roles Naturally: Rand's Nietzschean Heroes and Villains
Authors: Powell Robert
Published: May 2022

Because of Ayn Rand's problematic moral labels on her characters, Gail Wynand, not Howard Roark, should be her true Nietzschean hero. Wynand meets the criteria of both the Nietzschean Superman and Rand's Objectivism. Roark's false integrity taints his greatness and improperly vulgarizes him as a Nietzschean Superman. Rand problematically wants her heroes to accept the greatness of the Übermensch, but reject his natural existence and will to power. Dominique Francon should be her true Nietzschean villain, because, unlike Ellsworth Toohey, she enjoys the painful destruction of herself and others.
Ayn Rand's Economic Thought
Authors: Bostaph Samuel
Published: May 2022

This article explicates Ayn Rand's economic thought as expressed in her nonfiction and fiction writings. It concludes that Rand's formal knowledge of economics was relatively limited and that her case for the free market economy is almost entirely ethical and political. Nevertheless, her insight into the complexity of such an economy was acute and her view that true human flourishing is only possible in a laissez-faire context rested on the recognition that it is the only context that can completely liberate the creative potential of the human mind.
Ayn Rand, Religion, and Libertarianism
Authors: Block Walter E.
Published: May 2022

Ayn Rand most certainly favored liberty, although she renounced the "libertarian" appellation. Yet, in her continuous, contemptuous and shrill attacks on religion, she was denigrating an institution that has made great contributions to freedom. The present essay is an attempt to right the balance; to demonstrate that religion and liberty are not the enemies supposed by Rand.
The Rewriting of Ayn Rand's Spoken Answers
Authors: Campbell Robert L.
Published: May 2022

This essay compares audio recordings of Ayn Rand's question and answer sessions with Robert Mayhew's renditions as published in the Estate-approved volume Ayn Rand Answers. Mayhew, it turns out, rewrote nearly every answer included in the book. He abridged long answers, rearranged parts of answers, left transcription errors uncorrected, and was frequently insensitive to Rand's style of speaking. Mayhew even deleted portions of a few answers deemed embarrassing to Leonard Peikoff and the Estate of Ayn Rand (e.g., references to cigarette smoking or to Nathaniel Branden) and kept other answers (e. g., about homosexuality or amphetamine use) out of the volume entirely.
Essays on "Atlas Shrugged"
Authors: Seddon Fred
Published: May 2022

This essay provides a review of Essays on Ayn Rand's Atlas Shrugged, edited by Robert Mayhew, who has edited three other books, each devoted to one of Rand's novels. This collection offers 22 essays on a variety of topics.
Sacrifice and the Apocalypse: A Girardian Reading of "Atlas Shrugged"
Authors: Gerland Oliver
Published: May 2022

This essay uses the mimetic theory of controversial literary anthropologist René Girard to explicate a central but neglected theme in Ayn Rand's Atlas Shrugged: sacrifice. In Rand's view, big government is supported by a sacrificial ideology founded in the idea of Original Sin that fosters the petty resentments of the masses while scapegoating the productive elite. John Gait triggers the self-destruction of this "infernal" sacrificial machine by withdrawing its intended victims. The resulting political collapse opens the way to a Randian utopia beyond the theorizing of Girard (and Friedrich Nietzsche, whose work is discussed in conclusion), a society without sacrifice.
What About Suicide Bombers? A Terse Response to a Terse Objection
Authors: Champagne Marc
Published: May 2022

Stressing that the pronoun "I" picks out one and only one person in the world (i.e., me), I argue against Hunt (and other like-minded Rand commentators) that the supposed "hard case" of destructive people who do not care for their own lives poses no special difficulty for rational egoism. I conclude that the proper response to a terse objection like "What about suicide bombers?" is the equally terse assertion "But I don't want to get blown up."
The Six Million Dollar Rand
Authors: Parille Neil
Published: May 2022

100 Voices: An Oral History of Ayn Kandis an enjoyable compendium of mostly favorable interviews of those who knew or met Ayn Rand. While it contains many valuable insights about Rand and her life, it fails to achieve its objective in providing a good selection of interviews of those who knew Rand in various "contexts" and "relationships," contrary to what editor Scott McConnell claims. Those who are interested in the movement side of Objectivism, which developed in the 1950s and 1960s, will be disappointed in the lack of attention paid to this part of her life.
Flourishing and Synthesis
Authors: Mendenhall Allen
Published: May 2022

Edward W. Younkins's book, Flourishing and Happiness in a Free Society, is a welcome contribution to individualist thought. Focusing on Aristotle, Ayn Rand, Carl Menger, Ludwig von Mises, and Murray Rothbard, Younkins demonstrates the compatibility of Aristotelian liberalism, Objectivism, and Austrian Economics. Younkins suggests that synthesÍ2Íng these philosophies will lead to human flourishing and happiness. These philosophies share certain general principles that can serve as moral bases for political action.
"The Journal of Ayn Rand Studies" The Best is Yet to Come
Authors: Sciabarra Chris Matthew
Published: May 2022

Since 1999, The Journal of Ayn Rand Studies (JARS) has published over 250 essays, written by over 130 authors, working across scholarly disciplines and specialties. Starting in 2013 with Volume 13, Number 1 (Issue 25), the JARS Foundation will begin a collaboration with Pennsylvania State University Press (PSUP). PSUP will manage distribution and subscription fulfillment for print and online editions, while the Editorial Board will focus exclusively on journal content. Extensive digital dissemination and preservation of the journal is guaranteed through PSUP partnerships with JSTOR and Project Muse, and the dark archivingofall journal back issues at Stanford's CLOCKSS.
Ayn Rand Shrugged: The Gap Between Ethical Egoism and Global Capitalism
Authors: Campos Andre Santos
Published: May 2022

There is a gap between Rand'sethical egoism and today's global capitalism on at least six points. Since her version of "capitalism: the unknown ideal" addresses none of these points, it cannot resemble the reality of today's global capitalism. The connection between Objectivist ethics and politics is preserved by a possible change in her minarchical political philosophy. This will mean that there is no necessary connection between ethical egoism and minarchism or between ethical egoism and minimal government intervention. An ethically hard Objectivism determining the (less) unknown ideal of capitalism leaves room for a politically soft Objectivism.
Ayn Rand and Deducing 'Ought' from 'Is'
Authors: Doughney Lachlan
Published: May 2022

Under R. M. Hare's interpretation of David Hume's is-ought gap, Hume thought it impossible to deduce an 'ought' conclusion, solely from 'is' premises. Ayn Rand rejects this view. In this paper, we see both how and why she attempted to deduce such an 'ought' conclusion in her ethical theory.
The Childs-Peikoff Hypothesis
Authors: Hardin Dennis C.
Published: May 2022

In his infamous "Open Letter to Ayn Rand," Roy Childs, a prominent libertarian advocate of anarcho-capitalism, argued that limited government is inconsistent with Rand's philosophy of Objectivism. In the early 1980s, Childs changed his mind and rejected anarcho-capitalism as a rational political system. Despite abrief, unfinished, posthumous essay, some say that the real reasons for Childs' change of heart will always remain a mystery. However, specific comments by Childs in that essay point directly to the influence of a series of lectures on Objectivism presented by Leonard Peikoffin 1983.
Sex and the Egoist: Measuring Ayn Rand's Fiction Against Her Philosophy
Authors: Barr Emily J.
Published: May 2022

The merit of Ayn Rand's Objectivist philosophy is often based on its economic and social tenets surrounding individual rights. Though she is often neglected by feminists, there is one aspect of Rand's fiction and philosophy that requires feminist attention: her illustration of female sexuality in response to masculinity and hero worship. In The Fountainhead (1943) and Atlas Shrugged (1957), Rand respectively presents her ideal man and the ideal manner in which a woman would respond to such a man. These actions necessarily conflict with what Rand claims is a rational ethical theory and detract from Rand's otherwise gender neutral philosophy.
Taking Pieces of Rand with Them: Ayn Rand's Literary Influence
Authors: Powell Robert
Published: May 2022

Despite the fact that Ayn Rand did not influence the best artists, she did leave an important legacy for the American imagination and literary establishment. Rand's influence is arguably more multi-genre than any other author. Some multi-genre authors who were possibly influenced by Rand include: John Steinbeck (literature), Mickey Spillane and Ian Fleming (detective fiction), Ira Levin, Cameron Hawley, Erika Holzer and Kay Nolte Smith (popular fiction) and Terry Goodkind (science fiction). Her influence represents an important balance between many various types of American Literature and is a credit to the hybrid and versatile nature of her fiction.
Ayn Rand's Objectivist Virtues as the Foundation for Morality and Success in Business
Authors: Younkins Edward W.
Published: May 2022

This article contends that Ayn Rand's version of virtue ethics can supply a powerful foundation for operating a successful business. Rand's Objectivist virtues can provide an underpinning for a firm's long-term sustainable success, as well as for the flourishing and happiness of its employees. In order to attain a company's goals, values, and purpose, these virtues need to be integrated with the firm's culture and climate. The Objectivist virtues can supply an integrated framework for employees' decisions and actions. Leaders are encouraged to link these virtues to the survival and success of both the firm and its employees.
Influence of Leadership, Motivation, Organizational Culture on Work Satisfaction and Teacher Satisfaction in Dayun District, Siak District
Authors: Hamsal Hamsal , Darsana Darsana , Zulhelmy Zulhelmy
Published: May 2022

This research aims to test and analyze the “Influence of Leadership, Motivation, Organizational Culture on Job Satisfaction and Teacher Performance in the Dayun District of Siak Regency”. Data collection was carried out through questionnaires and carried out on 92 respondents. SEM & PLS and SPSS 19 were used for analysis. The results showed that the leadership style variable has no effect on job satisfaction significantly; the motivation variable influences significantly employee job satisfaction; the leadership style influences significantly employee performance; and job satisfaction also influences significantly the performance of Dayun teachers in Siak Regency.
Influence of Technology Orientation in Performance of Small and Medium Animal Feed Manufacturing Enterprises in Kenya
Authors: Kiiru Daniel Kiama , Mukulu Elegwa , Ngatia Peter
Published: May 2022

The objective of this study was to establish the influence of technological orientation on the performance of small and medium animal feed manufacturing enterprises in Kenya. The study adopted a cross-sectional survey design using both quantitative and qualitative approaches. The target population was 65 small and medium enterprises in animal feed manufacturing in Kenya that were members of Association of Kenya Feed Manufacturing (AKEFEMA) that are based in Kiambu and Nairobi City County in Kenya. The study used a census approach and respondents were 65 managers/owners and 65 directors. Data was collected using an open and ended questionnaire. The data were analysed using descriptive and inferential statistics. Descriptive statistics produced frequencies, pie charts mean, standard deviation, and percentages. Inferential statistics produced correlation and PLS Structural Equation Modelling (PLS-SEM) results, which showed the causal relationship among the variables. Findings showed that technology orientation had a positive and significant with the small and medium animal feed manufacturing in Kenya. Based on findings, the study concludes that SMEs in animal feed manufacturing in Kenya regularly upgrade technology, inculcate a culture of adopting new technologies and also possess technological skills. Also, the study concludes that SMEs under survey are owned/ managed by individuals who possess knowledge about the firm’s field of operation and also relate well with stakeholders such as customers and suppliers. The study recommends management and entrepreneurs of small and medium animal feed manufacturing enterprises should possess the technical capabilities of the firm and embrace a culture of continuous learning with respect to new knowledge and skill this would lead to better performance.
The Effect of Work Environment, Work Discipline, and Work Motivation on Employee Performance in Manufacturing Company
Authors: Kirana Ida Bagus Gede Adi , Sriathi Anak Agung Ayu , Suwandana I Gusti Made
Published: May 2022

The purpose of this study was to determine the significance of the effect of work environment, work discipline, and work motivation on employee performance. This research was conducted at the manufacturing company CV. Mertanadi. The theory used in this research, namely attribution theory, is put forward to study the process of how a person interprets an event, reason, or behavior. The number of samples in this study was 58 employees with the method of determining the sample, namely the saturated sampling technique. Data was collected by distributing questionnaires. The results showed that the work environment had a positive and significant effect on employee performance. Work discipline has a positive and significant effect on employee performance. Work motivation has a positive and significant effect on employee performance. The results of this study can be taken into consideration in making decisions and providing information to CV. Mertanadi to improve employee performance.
The Impact of Self-Serving Bias on Selection of Stocks by Retail Investors in Equity Market: A Study of the Urban Middle Class of India
Authors: Shukla Shivam , Tripathi Asha Ram , Kumar Shukla Sudhir , Shukla Akshita
Published: May 2022

The field of standard finance states that an equity market investor acts as a judicious individual who is capable of dealing with all forms of data in a fair-minded way. On the other hand, the rapidly evolving field of behavioral finance relies upon true experience expressing that any and every equity market investor has his own set of inclinations which most of the times are unreasonable. Thus, feelings and behaviour have assumed a significant position in the sort of investment decisions embraced by equity market investors. For quite a long time, financial therapists and social experts have stood up in opposition to the principles of standard finance and managerial economics, contending that individuals do not behave logically every time and it is asking for way too much to expect investors to become utility-expanding players in a market which is not efficient in reality. The area of knowledge called as behavioural finance emerged in the early stages of 1970s in order to resolve such matters and collect a broad number of instances when individuals deliberately act "unreasonably."
About Cognitive Radio Access Models
Authors: Meneses González Salvador Ricardo , Rodríguez Márquez Rita Trinidad
Published: May 2022

Due to the limitation of spectrum availability for data transmission in the new broad band technologies, 5G through the cognitive radio technology offers significantly increase the spectrum efficiency. Radio access models used by cognitive, overlay, underlay and interweave are the focus of this work.
Maximising Recovery of Bioactive Compounds from Coffee Pulp Waste Using Microwave-assisted Extraction
Authors: Tran Thy Minh Kieu , Akanbi Taiwo , Kirkman Timothy , Nguyen Minh Huu , Vuong Quan Van
Published: May 2022

Coffee pulp is a major by-product generated from coffee bean production and is generally known as waste. This study employed response surface methodology (RSM) with Box Behnken Design (BBD) to determine the impact of extraction parameters and optimise the conditions for recovery of total phenolics, flavonoids, chlorogenic acid, and caffeine from coffee pulp using a commercial microwave-assisted extraction system (MAE) for further applications. The results showed that sample to solvent ratio and ethanol concentration significantly affected the recovery yields of bioactive compounds and antioxidant capacity. There were significant interactive effects between the radiation time and sample to solvent ratio, but no significant interactive impacts between radiation time and ethanol concentration, radiation time and power, sample to solvent ratio and power, and ethanol concentration and power on recovery of bioactive compounds and antioxidant capacity of the coffee pulp extract. The optimal conditions were found to be radiation time of 85 min, sample to solvent ratio of 1:100 g/100 ml, 42.5 % (v/v) aqueous ethanol solution, and machine power of 1000 W. Under these conditions, extraction yields of total phenolic compounds, flavonoids, chlorogenic acid, and caffeine were 38.68, 27.00, 6.95, and 5.47 (mg/g DW), respectively. The extract also had high antioxidant capacities, with values measured by ABTS, DPPH, and FRAP assays as 87.95, 9.3, 65.31 (mg TE/g DW), respectively. These conditions are recommended for the recovery of bioactive compounds from coffee pulp for further applications.
Validation Study for the Brazilian Population of the Nine Hole Peg Test Visumotor Evaluation Instrument
Authors: De Lala Nanci Rebouças Souza de , Cardoso Fabrício Bruno
Published: May 2022

The present study aimed to verify the validity and reliability of the Nine Pins Visuomotor Integration (NHPT) assessment instrument for the Brazilian population, with the objective of measuring upper limb dexterity (arm and hand) of individuals between 04 and 14 years of age. Participated in the present study, 2765 individuals of both sexes, aged between 04 and 14 years. To perform the test, a square board with nine holes and 9 pins was used and the dominant and non-dominant hands were tested. The test was timed and the result measured by the time required for the individual to complete the activity, considering a maximum time of 300 seconds. In the quantitative validation stage, a statistical analysis was performed to obtain objective evidence regarding its functionality and effectiveness. Our results confirm the validity (accuracy) in the application of the NHPT test. In order to verify the reliability (trustworthiness) of the instrument proposed in this study, 3 steps were followed. The results showed high reliability (precision) in the scores for the non-preferred hand for children aged 4 to 14 years. Regarding the preferred hand, the values ​​show high reliability for children aged 04 to 8 years and 10 to 14 years and for children aged 9 years old, it showed good reliability, satisfying the rates recommended by the literature.: Through the results presented in this study, it was possible to , to conclude by the reliability of the test for which it proposes to evaluate, that is, the evidence is very safe in favor of the hypothesis that the results are correlated not only in the analyzed sample, but also for other experiments that may be carried out, to compare such domains by others.
Risk Factors for Mortality among COVID-19 Patients in Besut Region, Terengganu, Malaysia
Authors: Awang Hafizuddin , Yaacob Effah Leiylena , Ahmad Daud Arfizah , Ahmad Normahizan , Ishak Muhammad Solehuddin , Alias Nur Almas , Ghazali Nor Hafizah , Ismail Nur Farihin , Abd Khalim Mohd Adli , Mohamed Yusof Saidah Adilah , Samsury Siti Fatimah , Abd Rahman Mohd Anuar , Embong Kasemani
Published: May 2022

Background: COVID-19 mortality is a public health issue in Malaysia and its contributing factors need to be addressed thoroughly. This study aimed to determine the risk factors for COVID-19 mortality in Besut region of Malaysia.

Materials and Methods: A 1:5 case-control study between deceased and survived groups among COVID-19 patients was conducted in Besut district, Terengganu state from 1st October 2020 until 16th September 2021 based on retrospective record review. The inclusion criteria for cases were individuals with laboratory RT-PCR confirmed positive test for COVID-19 and died during COVID-19 care period. Descriptive statistics, simple and multiple logistic regression analyses were employed for statistical analysis.

Result: There were 6464 COVID-19 cases in Besut district during the studied period. The proportion of COVID-19 mortality was 0.84%. Among the deceased group, majority of them were male (51.9%), symptomatic (87.0%), unvaccinated (94.4%); had COVID-19 of category 5 (31.5%) and comorbidity (81.5%). Multiple logistic regression revealed older age, stage 4 COVID-19, stage 5 COVID-19, symptomatic, cases with comorbidity and unvaccinated cases as the significant associated factors for COVID-19 mortality with adjusted odds ratio (AOR) of 1.07 (95%CI: 1.01, 1.10), p<0.001; AOR 92.61 (95%CI: 7.07, 1212.02), p=0.001; AOR 274.97 (95%CI: 25.27, 2991.74), p<0.001; AOR 8.83 (95%CI: 3.21, 24.28), p<0.001; AOR 46.72 (95%CI: 15.29, 142.70), p<0.001; and AOR 16.94 (95%CI: 6.34, 121.22), p=0.001, respectively.

Conclusion: Advanced age, severe stages of COVID-19, symptomatic cases, cases with comorbidity and unvaccinated cases were the risk factors for COVID-19 mortality. Emphasis should be given to these factors to ensure timely control and treatment strategies.
Hysteroscopic Complications
Authors: Nabi Shayista
Published: May 2022

Operative Hysteroscopy is a minimally invasive, safe and well tolerated procedure. Prevention of complications is crucial for patient care. The complication rate in diagnostic hysteroscopy is low 0.012%. Complications from operative hysteroscopy are more common and potentially more serious. These risks are highest with more complex hysteroscopic procedures like myomectomy and adhesiolysis. Complications of Operative Hysteroscopy can be early or late complications. Early include anesthetic complications, complications of distention media, cervical trauma, haemorrhage, perforation, and air embolism. Late ones are infections, adhesions. As Hysteroscopy continues to become popular, the importance of preventing, identifying, and managing complications is of utmost importance. Some problems are inherent in operative hysteroscopy, but large number of complications can be prevented by proper preoperative evaluation and surgical techniques. Appropriate training programmes and expertise are key to safe and successful hysteroscopy.
The Dimensions of Paulinian Stewardship
Authors: Lappay Allan P. M.
Published: May 2022

In this treatise, the dimensions of Paulinian stewardship as a way of caring for God’s creation are expounded and analyzed. This is ensued by a critical review on the Epistles of St. Paul in explaining the concept of stewardship as a calling, leading by example, and a way of life. Moreover, as stewardship is equated with the Paulinian core value of community, the attitude, and the action of a steward’s life of service to others and God are highlighted.
History of Music – A Further Approach
Authors: Chelaru Carmen
Published: May 2022

This essay emerged from an article in the press this year, regarding the ‘infamous’ decision of Oxford University to ‘give up teaching classical music in the name of political correctness’! My first thought was to take this journalistic excess seriously. However, knowing the prestige of this famous university, I wanted to know the real facts that caused this piece of news… and I soon found out the true data. Firstly: It is not – it cannot be! – about the elimination of classical music from the current academic and artistic activity. It is about the globalisation of musicologists’ interest and efforts toward the contemporary musical phenomenon. Secondly: The project called ‘Towards a Global History of Music’ was indeed initiated by the University of Oxford, but it was adopted and carried out by five other European universities, along with several internationally renowned musicologists outside the academic sphere. Thirdly: The project took place between 2013-2017, and in the years that followed, the main coordinator, Professor Reinhard Strohm, edited and published three volumes of studies on music from all over the world, in the past and nowadays, signed by researchers of the most diverse ages and backgrounds. Fourthly: They admit that the idea about a global musical history is not new - it goes back to more than two centuries ago, to the time of the Enlightenment of the 18th century. Fifth: What the historians, musicologists, ethnomusicologists, sociologists in question firmly and constructively assert is the correlation of the data provided by the observations and findings on the musical phenomenon of humanity. They thus insist on overcoming Eurocentric conceptions, in other words, approaching the musical phenomenon from anywhere in the world, without automatically relating it to models or units of measurement exclusively generated by European values or history. Moreover, a comparison between various musical phenomena in the world can help to explain and understand some realities, circumstances and, consequently, the elimination of some prejudices.