bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
A Discriminative Convolutional Neural Network with Context-aware Attention
Authors: Zhou Yuxiang , Liao Lejian , Gao Yang , Huang Heyan , Wei Xiaochi
Published: July 2020

Feature representation and feature extraction are two crucial procedures in text mining. Convolutional Neural Networks (CNN) have shown overwhelming success for text-mining tasks, since they are capable of efficiently extracting
n
-gram features from source data. However, vanilla CNN has its own weaknesses on feature representation and feature extraction. A certain amount of filters in CNN are inevitably duplicate and thus hinder to discriminatively represent a given text. In addition, most existing CNN models extract features in a fixed way (i.e., max pooling) that either limit the CNN to local optimum nor without considering the relation between all features, thereby unable to learn a contextual
n
-gram features adaptively. In this article, we propose a discriminative CNN with context-aware attention to solve the challenges of vanilla CNN. Specifically, our model mainly encourages discrimination across different filters via maximizing their earth mover distances and estimates the salience of feature candidates by considering the relation between context features. We validate carefully our findings against baselines on five benchmark datasets of classification and two datasets of summarization. The results of the experiments verify the competitive performance of our proposed model.
Understanding Optical Music Recognition
Authors: Calvo-Zaragoza Jorge , Jr. Jan Hajič , Pacha Alexander
Published: July 2020

For over 50 years, researchers have been trying to teach computers to read music notation, referred to as Optical Music Recognition (OMR). However, this field is still difficult to access for new researchers, especially those without a significant musical background: Few introductory materials are available, and, furthermore, the field has struggled with defining itself and building a shared terminology. In this work, we address these shortcomings by (1) providing a robust definition of OMR and its relationship to related fields, (2) analyzing how OMR inverts the music encoding process to recover the musical notation and the musical semantics from documents, and (3) proposing a taxonomy of OMR, with most notably a novel taxonomy of applications. Additionally, we discuss how deep learning affects modern OMR research, as opposed to the traditional pipeline. Based on this work, the reader should be able to attain a basic understanding of OMR: its objectives, its inherent structure, its relationship to other fields, the state of the art, and the research opportunities it affords.
Hardware Security in Spin-based Computing-in-memory
Authors: Wang Xueyan , Yang Jienlei , Zhao Yinglin , Jia Xiaotao , Qu Gang , Zhao Weisheng
Published: July 2020

Computing-in-memory (CIM) is proposed to alleviate the processor-memory data transfer bottleneck in traditional von Neumann architectures, and spintronics-based magnetic memory has demonstrated many facilitation in implementing CIM paradigm. Since hardware security has become one of the major concerns in circuit designs, this article, for the first time, investigates spin-based computing-in-memory (SpinCIM) from a security perspective.
We focus on two fundamental questions:
(1) How can the new SpinCIM computing paradigm be exploited to enhance hardware security?; (2) What security concerns has this new SpinCIM computing paradigm incurred?
Orchestrating the Development Lifecycle of Machine Learning-based IoT Applications
Authors: Qian Bin , Su Jie , Wen Zhenyu , Jha Devki Nandan , Li Yinhao , Guan Yu , Puthal Deepak , James Philip , Yang Renyu , Zomaya Albert Y. , Rana Omer , Wang Lizhe , Koutny Maciej , Ranjan Rajiv
Published: July 2020

Machine Learning (ML) and Internet of Things (IoT) are complementary advances: ML techniques unlock the potential of IoT with intelligence, and IoT applications increasingly feed data collected by sensors into ML models, thereby employing results to improve their business processes and services. Hence, orchestrating ML pipelines that encompass model training and implication involved in the holistic development lifecycle of an IoT application often leads to complex system integration. This article provides a comprehensive and systematic survey of the development lifecycle of ML-based IoT applications. We outline the core roadmap and taxonomy and subsequently assess and compare existing standard techniques used at individual stages.
Analysis of the Security of Internet of Multimedia Things
Authors: Lv Zhihan , Qiao Liang , Song Houbing
Published: July 2020

To study the security performance of the Internet of multimedia things on the privacy protection of user identity, behavior trajectory, and preference under the new information technology industry wave, in this study, aiming at the problems of the sharing of Internet of things perception data and the exposure of users’ privacy information, the Anonymous Batch Authentication Scheme (ABAH) for privacy protection is designed. Hash-based Message Authentication Code is used to cancel the list-checking process and analyze its security performance. Compared with the methods of elliptic curve digital signature algorithm, Bayes least-square method, identity-based bulk verification, anonymous batch authentication and key protocol, conditional privacy authentication scheme, and expert message authentication protocol, the transmission delay, packet loss rate, and computation cost are studied without considering the undo list and during the undo check. The results show that with the increase of information size, the transmission delay and packet loss rate also increase, and the transmission delay of ABAH increases by about 15%, while the correlation between speed and transmission delay is small. In the case of the same amount of validation information, ABAH has the highest validation efficiency, and it still has an efficient validation effect in the case of invalid information. The message packet loss rate for ABAH is always 0 when the undo check validation overhead is considered. It can be found that ABAH can avoid the communication overhead and privacy leakage caused by the revocation list, ensure the integrity of batch verification information, meet the security performance of the vehicular
ad hoc
network under the Internet of Things, and protect the privacy of users from being disclosed.
TrustFlow-X
Authors: Bresch Cyril , Hély David , Lysecky Roman , Chollet Stéphanie , Parissis Ioannis
Published: July 2020

This article addresses the challenges of memory safety in life-critical medical devices. Since the last decade, healthcare manufacturers have embraced the Internet of Things, pushing technological innovations to increase market share. Medical devices, including the most critical ones, tend to be increasingly connected to the Internet. Unfortunately, as critical devices often rely on unsafe programming languages such as C, they are no exception to memory safety issues. Given a memory vulnerability, a skillful attacker can take over a system and perform remote code execution. Combined with the fact that medical devices directly impact the safety of their users, a security vulnerability can lead to disastrous scenarios. To address this issue, this article presents TrustFlow-X, a novel hardware/software co-designed framework that provides efficient fine-grained control-flow integrity protection against memory-based attacks. The TrustFlow-X framework is composed of an LLVM-based compiler toolchain that generates a secure code. This secure code is then executed on an extended RISC-V processor that keeps track of sensitive data using a trusted memory. The obtained results show that the contribution is practical, providing a high level of trust in life-critical embedded systems.
Anthropology of Policy: Tensions, Temporalities, Possibilities
Authors: Tate Winifred
Published: July 2020

As complex institutions extend into and govern greater spheres of social life, ethnographers contend with policy in an ever-widening range of fieldsites. This review examines anthropology of policy as an emerging subfield of political anthropology, focusing on policy making as central to contemporary governance in English-language ethnographies. Broadening the analytical field in the study of policy to include the targets of policy and their allies is one of the central contributions of an anthropological approach to policy making. Anthropological studies of policy production, implementation, and effects face significant methodological and ethical challenges. Scholarly debates in the United States and Europe continue to erupt over the production of scholarship intended to inform policy making, including the co-option of ethnography. While turning the anthropological gaze on powerful political actors could contribute to decolonization efforts within the discipline, ethically adopting ethnographic research into policy making requires complex alliances with communities targeted by policy.
Elastic Turbulence: An Experimental View on Inertialess Random Flow
Authors: Steinberg Victor
Published: July 2020

A viscous solvent laminar flow may be strongly modified by the addition of a tiny amount of long polymer molecules, resulting in a chaotic flow called elastic turbulence (ET). ET is attributed to polymer stretching, which generates elastic stress and its back reaction on the flow. Its properties are analogous to those observed in hydrodynamic turbulence, although the formal similarity does not imply a similarity in physical mechanisms underlining these two types of random motion. Here we review the statistical and spectral properties and the spatial structure of the velocity field, the statistical and spectral properties of pressure fluctuations, and scaling of the friction factor of ET in wall-bounded and unbounded flow geometries, as observed in experiments and numerical simulations and described by theory for a wide range of control parameters and polymer concentrations.
Amazon Sediment Transport and Accumulation Along the Continuum of Mixed Fluvial and Marine Processes
Authors: Nittrouer Charles A. , DeMaster David J. , Kuehl Steven A. , Figueiredo Alberto G. , Sternberg Richard W. , Faria L. Ercilio C. , Silveira Odete M. , Allison Mead A. , Kineke Gail C. , Ogston Andrea S. , Souza Filho Pedro W.M. , Asp Nils E. , Nowacki Daniel J. , Fricke Aaron T.
Published: July 2020

Sediment transfer from land to ocean begins in coastal settings and, for large rivers such as the Amazon, has dramatic impacts over thousands of kilometers covering diverse environmental conditions. In the relatively natural Amazon tidal river, combinations of fluvial and marine processes transition toward the ocean, affecting the transport and accumulation of sediment in floodplains and tributary mouths. The enormous discharge of Amazon fresh water causes estuarine processes to occur on the continental shelf, where much sediment accumulation creates a large clinoform structure and where additional sediment accumulates along its shoreward boundary in tidal flats and mangrove forests. Some remaining Amazon sediment is transported beyond the region near the river mouth, and fluvial forces on it diminish. Numerous perturbations to Amazon sediment transport and accumulation occur naturally, but human actions will likely dominate future change, and now is the time to document, understand, and mitigate their impacts.
Entire Solutions of the Second-Order Fermat-Type Differential-Difference Equation
Authors: Dang Guoqiang , Cai Jinhua
Published: July 2020

In this paper, the entire solutions of finite order of the Fermat-type differential-difference equation f″z2+△ckfz2=1 and the system of equations f1″z2+△ckf2z2=1 and f2″z2+△ckf1z2=1 have been studied. We give the necessary and sufficient conditions of existence of the entire solutions of finite order.
Evaluation of Sociodemographic Factors among Diabetic Patients with Urinary Tract Infections in Kisii Referral Hospital, Kenya
Authors: Mageto Vincent M. , Mbuthia Oliver W. , Ngetsa Caroline J. , Moraa Dinah O. , Okoyo Erick O. , Mathenge Scholastica G. , Njoroge Wachuka G.
Published: July 2020

People with noninsulin-dependent diabetes mellitus are prone to urinary tract infections. There is a wide gap of information in developing countries regarding the sociodemographic factors linked to UTI among diabetics and the gender disparity among the same. Sociodemographic factors differ with geographical location and many other factors, and this makes them an important aspect that can influence the social burden of UTI among diabetics. The objective of this study was to determine the association between sociodemographic factors and UTI among diabetics. The study was carried out in the Kisii Teaching and Referral Hospital in Kenya. One hundred and eighty diabetic patients were enrolled in cross-sectional study design. Clean-catch midstream urine was collected from all participants and cultured in cysteine lactose electrolyte deficient agar for bacterial isolation. Classification of a positive culture for urinary tract infection was based on more than 100,000 (≥105) colony-forming units of a single bacterial species. The data were analyzed using frequencies, chi-square (p<0.05), and logic regression with the help of the Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (SPSS) version 20 to find the odds ratio. One hundred and seven participants were male (59.4%), and 73 (40.6%) were female. The majority of the participants were between the age of 55 and 59 years old (77.2%), and 125 participants (69.4%) had attained tertiary education as the highest level of education. The overall prevalence of urinary tract infections was 20.6% with 37 participants testing positive for urinary tract infection. Age was found to have a significant association with urinary tract infection (p=0.002) while gender (p=0.45) and level of education (p=0.11) showed no significant association with urinary tract infections among diabetic patients. These findings suggest that age was the biggest association factor that influenced urinary tract infections among diabetic patients.
Entomological Investigations, Seasonal Fluctuations and Impact of Bioclimate Factors of Phlebotomines Sand Flies (Diptera: Psychodidae) of an Emerging Focus of Cutaneous Leishmaniasis in Aichoun, Central Morocco
Authors: Talbi Fatima Zahra , El Ouali Lalami Abdelhakim , Fadil Mouhcine , Najy Mohamed , Ech-Chafay Hassan , Lachhab Mohamed , Lotfi Said , Nouayti Nordine , Lahouiti Khadija , Faraj Chafika , Janati Idrissi Abdellatif
Published: July 2020

Leishmaniasis diseases are endemic in Morocco. An entomological survey was conducted in Aichoun locality for 1 year from September 2013 to August 2014. The objective of this study was to investigate the sand fly fauna, mainly the species composition and the monthly species prevalence in accordance with bioclimate factors. Sand flies were collected twice a month, using sticky traps and CDC light traps. During a one-year study, 4472 specimens of sand fly were caught (72.56% male/22.44% female) that were composed of seven species divided into two genera: Phlebotomus (99.46%) and Sergentomyia (0.53%). Ph. sergenti was the most prevalent species (46.64%), followed by Ph. perniciosus (38.19%), Ph. longicuspis (9.32%), Ph. papatasi (5.23%), and Ph. ariasi (0.06%). The genus Sergentomyia was even less frequent. The population dynamics showed a bimodal trend with two peaks: the first one in October (12.03% of specimens) and the second in June (27.92% of specimens). The study of the effects of climatic factors in the study area showed a link between the dynamics of sand flies and the variation of these parameters (temperature and relative humidity). During the period between November and March, the sand flies were absent. The highest prevalence of sand flies was recorded in June when the temperature and relative humidity values reached, respectively, 25.8°C and 42%. The minimum number of specimens was collected in September with an average temperature of 23.19°C and relative humidity of 57.4%. Statistical analysis with principal component analysis has shown a strong positive correlation between temperature parameters and the seasonal distribution of sand flies. The climatic factor of relative humidity has been judged of being negatively correlated. The wind speed does not have any impact on the relative abundance of all species. Within this context, the results will be useful for the development of a monitoring program to better manage the operations and evaluate their effectiveness.
Finite Element Analysis of the Mechanism of Traumatic Aortic Rupture (TAR)
Authors: Nan JiFeng , Rezaei Mohammadreza , Mazhar Rashid , Jaber Fadi , Musharavati Farayi , Zalnezhad Erfan , Chowdhury Muhammad E. H.
Published: July 2020

As many as 80% of patients with TAR die on the spot while out of those reaching a hospital, 30% would die within 24 hours. Thus, it is essential to better understand and prevent this injury. The exact mechanics of TAR are unknown. Although most researchers approve it as a common-sense deceleration injury, the exact detailed mechanism of TRA still remains unidentified. In this work, a deceleration mechanism of TAR was carried out using finite element analysis (FEA). The FE analysis aimed to predict internal kinematics of the aorta and assist to comprehend the mechanism of aorta injury. The model contains the heart, lungs, thoracic aorta vessel, and rib cage. High-resolution computerized tomography (HR CT scan) was used to provide pictures that were reconstructed by MIMICS software. ANSYS FE simulation was carried out to investigate the behavior of the aorta in the thoracic interior after deceleration occurred during a car crash. The finite element analysis indicated that maximum stress and strain applied to the aorta were from 5.4819e5 to 2.614e6 Pa and 0.21048 to 0.62676, respectively, in theY-direction when the initial velocity increased from 10 to 25 m/s. Furthermore, in theX-direction when the velocity changed from 15 to 25 m/s, the stress and strain values increased from 5.17771e5 to 2.3128e6 and from 0.22445 to 0.618, respectively.
Ship Detention Situation Prediction via Optimized Analytic Hierarchy Process and Naïve Bayes Model
Authors: Fu Junjie , Chen Xinqiang , Wu Shubo , Shi Chaojian , Zhao Jiansen , Xian Jiangfeng
Published: July 2020

Ship detention serves as an obligatory but efficient manner in port state control (PSC) inspection, and accurate ship detention prediction provides early warning information for maritime traffic participants. Previous studies mainly focused on exploiting the relationship between ship factors (i.e., ship age and ship type) and PSC inspection reports. Less attention was paid to identify and predict the correlation between ship fatal deficiency and ship detention event. To address the issue, we propose a novel framework to identify crucial ship deficiency types with an optimized analytic hierarchy process (AHP) model. Then, the Naïve Bayes model is introduced to predict the ship detention probability considering weights of the identified crucial ship deficiency types. Finally, we evaluate our proposed model performance on the empirical PSC inspection dataset. The research findings can help PSC officials easily determine main ship deficiencies, and thus, less time cost is required for implementing the PSC inspection procedure. In that manner, the PSC officials can quickly make ship detention decision and thus enhance maritime traffic safety.
Estimation of Particulate Levels Using Deep Dehazing Network and Temporal Prior
Authors: Jung SeHee , Yang SungMin , Lee Eunseok , Lee YongHak , Ko Jisun , Lee Sungjae , Cho JunSang , Lee Jaehwa , Kim SungHwan
Published: July 2020

Particulate matters (PM) have become one of the important pollutants that deteriorate public health. Since PM is ubiquitous in the atmosphere, it is closely related to life quality in many different ways. Thus, a system to accurately monitor PM in diverse environments is imperative. Previous studies using digital images have relied on individual atmospheric images, not benefiting from both spatial and temporal effects of image sequences. This weakness led to undermining predictive power. To address this drawback, we propose a predictive model using the deep dehazing cascaded CNN and temporal priors. The temporal prior accommodates instantaneous visual moves and estimates PM concentration from residuals between the original and dehazed images. The present method also provides, as by-product, high-quality dehazed image sequences superior to the nontemporal methods. The improvements are supported by various experiments under a range of simulation scenarios and assessments using standard metrics.
Serum Alpha-fetoprotein Levels and Clinical Outcomes in the Phase III CELESTIAL Study of Cabozantinib versus Placebo in Patients with Advanced Hepatocellular Carcinoma
Authors: Kelley Robin Kate , Meyer Tim , Rimassa Lorenza , Merle Philippe , Park Joong-Won , Yau Thomas , Chan Stephen L. , Blanc Jean-Frederic , Tam Vincent C. , Tran Albert , Dadduzio Vincenzo , Markby David W. , Kaldate Rajesh , Cheng Ann-Lii , El-Khoueiry Anthony B. , Abou-Alfa Ghassan K.
Published: July 2020

Purpose:

The phase III CELESTIAL study demonstrated improved overall survival (OS) and progression-free survival (PFS) with cabozantinib versus placebo in patients with previously treated, advanced hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). We analyzed outcomes by baseline alpha-fetoprotein (AFP) and on-treatment AFP changes.

Patients and Methods:

Serum AFP was measured every 8 weeks by blinded, centralized testing. Outcomes were analyzed by baseline AFP bifurcated at 400 ng/mL and by on-treatment AFP response (≥20% decrease from baseline at Week 8). The optimal cutoff for change in AFP at Week 8 was evaluated using maximally selected rank statistics.

Results:

Median OS for cabozantinib versus placebo was 13.9 versus 10.3 months [HR, 0.81; 95% confidence interval (CI), 0.62–1.04] for patients with baseline AFP <400 ng/mL, and 8.5 versus 5.2 months (HR, 0.71; 95% CI, 0.54–0.94) for patients with baseline AFP ≥400 ng/mL. Week 8 AFP response rate was 50% for cabozantinib versus 13% for placebo. In the cabozantinib arm, median OS for patients with and without AFP response was 16.1 versus 9.1 months (HR, 0.61; 95% CI, 0.45–0.84). AFP response was independently associated with longer OS. The optimal cutoff for association with OS in the cabozantinib arm was ≤0% change in AFP at Week 8 [AFP control; HR 0.50 (95% CI, 0.35–0.71)]. HRs for PFS were consistent with those for OS.

Conclusions:

Cabozantinib improved outcomes versus placebo across a range of baseline AFP levels. On-treatment AFP response and control rates were higher with cabozantinib than placebo, and were associated with longer OS and PFS with cabozantinib.
A Phase II Trial of Tipifarnib for Patients with Previously Treated, Metastatic Urothelial Carcinoma HarboringHRASMutations
Authors: Lee Hye Won , Sa Jason K. , Gualberto Antonio , Scholz Catherine , Sung Hyun Hwan , Jeong Byong Chang , Choi Han Yong , Kwon Ghee Young , Park Se Hoon
Published: July 2020

Purpose:

To assess the antitumor activity and safety of tipifarnib, a highly potent and selective farnesyltransferase inhibitor, we performed a phase II clinical trial in patients with advanced and refractory urothelial carcinoma harboring missense HRAS mutations.

Patients and Methods:

A total of 245 adult patients with previously treated, advanced urothelial carcinoma entered the molecular screening program including HRAS. Those with missense HRAS mutations or STK11:rs2075606 received oral tipifarnib 900 mg twice daily on days 1–7 and 15–21 of 28-day treatment cycles. The primary endpoint was progression-free survival at 6 months (PFS6).

Results:

We identified 16 (7%) missense HRAS mutations (G13R, 7; Q61R, 4; G12S, 3; G12C, 2) and 104 (46%) STK11:rs2075606 carriers. In 21 patients enrolled in the study, 14 and 7 patients had missense HRAS mutations and STK11:rs2075606, respectively. The most frequently observed adverse events included fatigue (86%) and hematologic toxicities. With a median follow-up of 28 months, 4 patients (19%) reached PFS6: 3 had missense HRAS mutations and one patient, enrolled as an STK11 carrier, had HRAS frameshift insertions at H27fs and H28fs rendering a nonsense HRAS mutation. The overall response rate by intent-to-treat analysis was 24% (4 missense and one nonsense frameshift HRAS mutation); no response was observed in patients with urothelial carcinoma with wild-type HRAS tumors. Five responses were observed in 12 evaluable patients of 15 with tumors carrying HRAS mutations.

Conclusions:

Oral tipifarnib resulted in a manageable safety profile and encouraging antitumor efficacy against treatment-refractory urothelial carcinoma containing HRAS mutations.
Imaging Fibroblast Activation Protein Alpha Improves Diagnosis of Metastatic Prostate Cancer with Positron Emission Tomography
Authors: Hintz Hallie M. , Gallant Joseph P. , Vander Griend Donald J. , Coleman Ilsa M. , Nelson Peter S. , LeBeau Aaron M.
Published: July 2020

Purpose:

Metastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer (mCRPC) is a lethal, heterogeneous disease with few therapeutic strategies that significantly prolong survival. Innovative therapies for mCRPC are needed; however, the development of new therapies relies on accurate imaging to assess metastasis and monitor response. Standard imaging modalities for prostate cancer require improvement and there remains a need for selective and sensitive imaging probes that can be widely used in patients with mCRPC.

Experimental Design:

We evaluated the transmembrane protease fibroblast activation protein alpha (FAP) as a targetable cell surface antigen for mCRPC. Genomic and IHC analyses were performed to investigate FAP expression in prostate cancer. Our FAP-targeted antibody imaging probe, [89Zr]Zr-B12 IgG, was evaluated by PET/CT imaging in preclinical prostate cancer models.

Results:

Analysis of patient data documented FAP overexpression in metastatic disease across tumor subtypes. PET imaging with [89Zr]Zr-B12 IgG demonstrated high tumor uptake and long-term retention of the probe in the preclinical models examined. FAP-positive stroma tumor uptake of [89Zr]Zr-B12 IgG was 5-fold higher than the isotype control with mean %ID/cc of 34.13 ± 1.99 versus 6.12 ± 2.03 (n = 3/group; P = 0.0006) at 72 hours. Ex vivo biodistribution corroborated these results documenting rapid blood clearance by 24 hours and high tumor uptake of [89Zr]Zr-B12 IgG by 72 hours.

Conclusions:

Our study reveals FAP as a target for imaging the tumor microenvironment of prostate cancer. Validation of [89Zr]Zr-B12 IgG as a selective imaging probe for FAP-expressing tumors presents a new approach for noninvasive PET/CT imaging of mCRPC.
Feasibility, Reliability, and Agreement of Transperineal Ultrasound Measurement: Results from a Longitudinal Cohort Study
Authors: Kwan Angel H.W. , Chaemsaithong Piya , Tse Wing Ting , Appiah Kubi , Chong Ka Chun , Leung Tak Yeung , Poon Liona C.
Published: July 2020

Objectives: To evaluate the feasibility, reliability, and agreement of serial transperineal ultrasound (TPU) assessment of fetal head station (parasagittal angle of progression [psAOP], head-perineum distance [HPD], and head-symphysis distance [HSD]) and sonographic cervical dilatation (SCD), compared to fetal head station and cervical dilatation determined by vaginal examination, respectively. Methods: This was a prospective longitudinal study in singleton pregnancies undergoing induction of labor at term. Paired assessment of fetal head station and cervical dilatation by vaginal examination, with TPU assessment of psAOP, HPD, HSD, and SCD was made serially. Feasibility, correlation, reliability, and agreement were determined. Results: 1,139 paired measurements among 326 women were included. psAOP and HPD were achievable in all assessments. HSD was not achievable in 3.4% (11/326) due to high fetal head station. Fetal head station by vaginal examination was positively correlated with psAOP (rho = 0.70) but negatively correlated with HPD (rho = −0.57) and HSD (rho = −0.52). The feasibility to measure SCD reduced as cervical dilatation increased. Cervical dilatation and SCD were positively correlated (rho = 0.96) with strong agreement (concordant correlation coefficient = 0.925). Conclusions: Measurements of psAOP and HPD are feasible and correlate significantly with fetal head station by vaginal examination. Measurement of HSD is not feasible when fetal head station is high. Measurement of SCD is feasible, but it is more difficult in the advanced stage of labor. The correlation, reliability, and agreement between SCD and cervical dilatation by vaginal examination are high.
COVID-19 and Stroke: Casual or Causal Role?
Authors: Saggese Carlo Emanuele , Del Bianco Chiara , Di Ruzza Maria Rita , Magarelli Maria , Gandini Roberto , Plocco Maurizio
Published: July 2020

Background: The COVID-19 outbreak is currently the major public health concern worldwide. This infection, caused by the novel coronavirus Sars Cov2, primarily affects respiratory system, but there is increasing evidence of neurologic involvement and cerebrovascular accidents. Case Report: We present a case of stroke in a 62-year-old COVID-19-positive patient, with multiple vascular risk factors. The patient arrived 1 h after onset of symptoms, was treated with recombinant tissue plasminogen activator (rtPA) with improvement of neurologic deficits, and later developed right foot arterial ischemia (recanalized by balloon catheter angioplasty) and left arm superficial venous thrombosis. A control computed tomography (CT) scan 7 days after onset showed hemorrhagic transformation of ischemic lesion without mass effect. However, respiratory and neurologic conditions improved so that the patient was discharged to rehabilitation. Discussion: Until now, few cases of stroke in COVID-19 have been described, mainly in severe forms. This patient had ischemic injuries in different sites as well as venous thrombosis; hence, we speculate that Sars Cov2 could have a direct role in promoting vascular accidents since its receptor ACE2 is a surface protein also expressed by endothelial cells. This case suggests that COVID-19 can favor strokes and in general vascular complications, even in milder cases, and the presence of preexisting risk factors could play a determinant role.
The current status of Pogonodon Cope, 1880 (Carnivora: Nimravidae) and a substitution name for its junior homonym Pogonodon Bouchet, 1997 (Caenogastropoda: Triphoridae)
Authors: VINOLA-LOPEZ LAZARO W. , BOUCHET PHILIPPE
Published: July 2020

This nomenclatural note addresses the problem regarding the taxonomic status of the extinct large nimravid Pogonodon Cope, 1880 (Chordata. Mammalia, Nimravidae), from the Oligocene of North America and its junior homonym, the recent triphorid marine snail Pogonodon Bouchet, 1997 (Mollusca, ) from the Mediterranean. Here we propose Ionthoglossa nov. gen. as a substitute name for the latter and provide a brief history of the two taxa from the literature available.
List of the type specimens of Triatominae (Hemiptera: Heteroptera: Reduviidae) in the Hemimetabola Collection of the Museum für Naturkunde, Berlin
Authors: RODRIGUES JULIANA MOURÃO DOS SANTOS , MOREIRA FELIPE FERRAZ FIGUEIREDO , DECKERT JÜRGEN , GALVÃO CLEBER
Published: July 2020

The Hemimetabola Collection of the Museum für Naturkunde Berlin, Leibniz-Institut für Evolutions- und Biodiversitätsforschung, located in Berlin, Germany, holds types of 22 species of Triatominae (Hemiptera: Heteroptera: Reduviidae) belonging to six genera: Belminus Stål, 1859; Eratyrus Stål, 1859; Meccus Stål, 1859; Panstrongylus Berg, 1879; Rhodnius Stål, 1859; and Triatoma Laporte, 1832. We present a detailed list containing nomenclatural, taxonomic and label data, and photographs of specimens and their labels.
New and little known species of Kamimuria (Plecoptera: Perlidae) from Fujian of China
Authors: LI WEIHAI , KONG FANBIN , LIU SIQI
Published: July 2020

Kamimuria shiae sp. n. and K. tenuilobata sp. n., two new perlid stoneflies from Wuyi Mountains of Fujian Province, eastern China, are described as new to science. The new species are compared with similar congeners. Kamimuria robusta Wu, 1948 is rediscovered from the type locality of the same mountain.
Three new species of the Neotropical genus Protoconnus Franz (Coleoptera: Staphylinidae: Scydmaeninae)
Authors: JAŁOSZYŃSKI PAWEŁ
Published: July 2020

Protoconnus Franz currently comprises 25 nominal species distributed in Bolivia, Costa Rica, Ecuador, Panama, Paraguay, Peru, and Venezuela. Three new species are described: P. fenestratus sp. n. (Peru), P. brachati sp. n. (Venezuela), and P. carabobonus sp. n. (Venezuela). New species are illustrated, and their characters shared with previously described congeners are discussed.
The role of culture in the gendered division of domestic labor: Evidence from migrant populations in Europe
Authors: Carriero Renzo
Published: July 2020

An attractive explanation of the persistence of gender inequality in the division of domestic labor hinges on the role of culture. However, it is difficult to demonstrate the impact of cultural factors (e.g. social norms), as they are confounded with other institutional factors (e.g. social policies). This article deals with this issue by applying the emerging ‘epidemiological approach’ which focuses on international migrants as individuals who bring cultures differing from that prevailing in the national contexts in which they live. The study analyzes the gender division of housework of first- and second-generation immigrants living in countries covered by the second and fifth round of the European Social Survey. Applying cross-classified multilevel models and using several indicators of gender culture at both origin and destination, it is found that the female share of housework increases in couples when the man or the woman comes from a gender-traditional cultural background. The effect of culture is homogenous across destination countries and only partly explained by parental background. However, it tends to disappear among second generations.
Mixture design experiments applied for the formulation of a textile ink with reproduction of the NATO IRR green color used in military camouflage
Authors: Asofiei Ioana , Cristian Boscornea Aurelian , Buliga Diana-Ioana , Diacon Aurel , Theodor Tomas Stefan , Viorica Pop Cristina
Published: July 2020

This paper presents the development of a mathematical model for pigment formulations used for screen printing textile inks in order to reproduce the NATO IRR green standard using four highly performant pigments: Hostaperm Yellow H4G (CI 13980), Irgazin Red A2BN (CI 65300), Heliogen Blue (CI 74160), and Lamp Black (CI 77266). In order to study the influence of each pigment on the final CIE L* a* b* parameters, a quadratic mathematical model (Scheffé type) was created and experimentally validated. The model was used and verified for generating pigment compositions for textile inks that reproduce the NATO IRR green. A total of 22 possible solutions were developed and experimentally performed. Studies regarding the reflectance in the visible-near-infrared domain were conducted, ensuring compliance with the standard. The optimal composition of the pigment mixture was 66.55% Hostaperm Yellow H4G, 7.66% Heliogen Blue, 12.01% Irgazin Red A2BN, and 13.78% Irgazin Red A2BN. The mixture was added to textile ink in the proportion of 5% and was applied via serigraphy.
The time-spaces of austerity urbanism: Narratives of ‘localism’ and UK neighbourhood policy
Authors: Jupp Eleanor
Published: July 2020

This paper examines the impact of urban policy change through an attention to shifting feelings about time and place among those affected by such changes. The focus is the shift from ‘Neighbourhood Renewal’ under the UK Labour Government (1997–2010) to ‘localism’ under the Conservative Coalition Government (2010–2015), as part of its programme of austerity. The article draws on longitudinal research with policy officials and resident-activists in two neighbourhoods in one UK city and examines their narratives about policy change and wider shifting feelings about time and place. From an official perspective, discourses and practices of localism were embraced to an extent, but uncertainty was also present. From the perspective of resident-activists, the changes in policy were experienced as a loss of past services and support, a sense of pessimism about the future, and fragmenting and inequitable trajectories for different localities. Temporalities of crisis were also apparent in responding to the material needs of residents undergoing deepening poverty. The failure of the localism discourse to provide everyday meaning can be seen as an example of the incoherent and fragmented nature of contemporary austerity urban governance. A time–space perspective, in particular focusing on how both policy actors and citizens use narrative to organise their spatial and temporal experiences, therefore offers resources for the wider analysis of urban governance.
Minimum-wage Connoisseurship and Everyday Boundary Maintenance: Brewing Inequality in Third Wave Coffee
Authors: Ott Brian
Published: July 2020

The shift from Fordism to post-Fordism in the United States introduced vast changes to production and consumption practices. In contrast to the commercial enterprises of Fordism, the post-Fordist economy relies on fast-changing tastes and small, niche markets along with new cultural forms for inducing consumption and anchoring identities. This article focuses on the specialty (or “third wave”) coffee industry, where coffee is treated similarly to wine, which I argue is emblematic of a post-Fordist economy. Relying on data collected from over a year of ethnographic fieldwork, I argue that the specialty coffee industry represents a qualitative shift in the coffee industry, one that produces a new niche market and consumer base that commoditizes sensory experiences as embodied class dispositions. I argue that baristas perform a kind of labor that I term “minimum-wage connoisseurship,” where they receive minimum wage (and tips) along with additional payment in cultural and social capital that elevates their status as well as manufacture’s consent for dedicating their time, in and outside of work, and their bodies to the organization.
Comparison of Survival Estimates Following Recurrence, Persistence, or Second Primary Malignancy in Oropharyngeal Squamous Cell Carcinoma
Authors: Asarkar Ameya , Flores José Miguel , Nathan Cherie‐Ann O.
Published: July 2020

Objective

This study investigated survival among patients with oropharyngeal squamous cell carcinoma (OPSCC) after recurrence, persistence, and second primary malignancies (SPMs).

Study Design

Retrospective cohort study.

Setting

Patients were treated at a tertiary cancer center.

Subjects and Methods

Patients with OPSCC who had completed treatment between 2001 and 2017 were included. Survival estimates of 4 groups of patients were calculated: (1) patients who were disease free after initial treatment, (2) patients who had persistent disease, (3) those with recurrent disease, and (4) patients with SPMs. Cox proportional hazard models and parametric survival analyses (using Weibull distributions) were used to obtain hazard ratios (HRs) and time ratios (TRs).

Results

The cohort included 364 patients. The crude overall SPM prevalence was 8.2%. Mean overall survival (OS) time in years for patients who remained disease free after treatment was 4.02 years. Among patients who experienced recurrence, the recurrence‐free survival (RFS) was 2.58 years while their mean (SD) OS was 3.67 (2.7) years. Participants who experienced persistence had a mean (SD) OS of 1.67 (1.68) years. Patients with observed SPMs had a mean (SD) OS of 6.39 (4.06) years since their primary cancer but shortened survivals of 1.75 (2.34) years since the secondary diagnosis. Differences were present even after accounting for human papillomavirus (HPV) and smoking status.

Conclusions

Our findings stress the importance of active surveillance as per current National Comprehensive Cancer Network guidelines, irrespective of the HPV status or smoking status. Prospective studies with a larger number of SPM cases and longer follow‐up are needed to validate survival trends even beyond 5 years.
Pathologic Tumor Size as a Predictor of the Survival Outcomes of Patients With Glottic Carcinoma
Authors: Gong Hongli , Zhou Liang , Wu Haitao , Tao Lei , Zhang Ming , Chen Xiaoling , Li Xiaoming , Li Cai , Zhou Jian , Wang Shuyi
Published: July 2020

Objectives

The purpose of this study was to evaluate the potential predictor of tumor size on rates of overall and disease‐free survival (OS and DFS) as determined by postoperative pathologic examination in patients with glottic carcinoma.

Study Design

Retrospective cohort study.

Setting

Tertiary care university hospital.

Subjects and Methods

In this study, 1337 consecutive patients with glottic carcinoma who underwent surgical treatment from 2005 to 2010 were retrospectively reviewed. The influence of tumor size that was evaluated by tumor area (tumor length × tumor width) on OS and DFS outcomes was assessed by Cox regression analyses.

Results

In all, 1303 (97.5%) patients were male, and 34 (2.5%) were female, with a mean ± SD age of 60.4 ± 10 years. The 10‐year OS and DFS rates were 72.9% and 69.9%, respectively. The tumor area cutoff values that best discriminated OS and DFS rates were both 1.80 cm2. Patients with glottic carcinoma with a larger tumor area had inferior OS and DFS rates. Based on the results of multivariate analyses, tumor area was an independent prognostic factor for rates of OS (hazard ratio, 1.87; 95% CI, 1.37‐2.56; P <. 001) and DFS (hazard ratio, 1.79; 95% CI, 1.34‐2.38; P <. 001) in patients with glottic carcinoma.

Conclusions

The results of this study indicate that patients with glottic carcinoma with a tumor area >1.8 cm2 have inferior survival outcomes, and this factor independently predicts survival outcomes in these patients.
Vasodilation by Verapamil‐Nitroglycerin Solution in Microvascular Surgery
Authors: Seth Rahul , Badran Karam W. , Cedars Elizabeth , Plonowska Karolina , Benjamin Tania , Saggi Satvir , Knott P. Daniel , Heaton Chase M. , Blackwell Keith E.
Published: July 2020

Objective

Papaverine is a topical vasodilator commonly used during microvascular surgery to inhibit undesired vasoconstriction. A previous national shortage of papaverine prompted evaluation of an alternative, effective vasodilator. This study aims to assess the experience of a solution of verapamil and nitroglycerin (VG) as a potential alternative pharmacologic vasodilator.

Study Design

Retrospective case series.

Setting

Two tertiary academic medical centers.

Subjects and Methods

Among 298 patients, 306 consecutive free tissue transfers performed between 2014 and 2017 for head and neck defect reconstruction utilized a VG solution. Patient and flap characteristics, intraoperative patient and flap complications, and postoperative complications were reviewed. Diameter of the cervical recipient artery was measured intraoperatively before and after topical application of the VG solution in a subset of 43 patients (44 flaps).

Results

Flaps included fibula, radial forearm, subscapular system, and anterolateral thigh. In total, 3 (0.98%) flaps failed with varied etiology unrelated to the VG solution (venous thrombosis, arterial anastomosis thrombosis, physical damage to the perforator). Specific to topical application of the VG solution, the mean recipient artery diameter increased from 2.1 to 3.1 mm, a 48% increase (P <. 01). There were no intraoperative cardiac events or complications attributable to the VG solution.

Conclusion

We describe the use of a VG solution for pharmacologic vasodilation during microvascular free tissue transfer. Its use was associated with an acceptable incidence of adverse events, none of which were directly attributable to the VG solution. Apparent and sustained vasodilation was demonstrated. The VG solution represents a safe and efficacious alternative to papaverine in microvascular surgery.
Whose Dance Is It Anyway?: Property, Copyright and the Commons
Authors: Ravetto-Biagioli Kriss
Published: July 2020

Until recently, dance was not considered to warrant copyright protection because it existed only as a live performance that was not fixed in a ‘tangible medium of expression’. Not being an object, it could not be property. But the more we try to fold dance into existing modes of copyright and conventional notions of property, the more it resists, upsetting the core assumptions of Locke's social contract theory. Legal scholars argue that the expansion of copyright protection shrinks the public domain. While copyright has become more important for dancers and choreographers who wish to control the appropriation of their work that is now made available to millions of end-users online, it also potentially restricts them from engaging in a dialog with other dancers or building on inspiring dance moves across communities. This paper investigates notions of property that rely on both the commons and individual personhood in the context of dance.
Endovenous laser ablation: A comprehensive review
Authors: Teter Katherine A , Kabnick Lowell S. , Sadek Mikel
Published: July 2020

Objective

To provide an evidence-based overview of endovenous laser ablation and describe its role as an effective and durable technique for the management of superficial venous insufficiency.

Methods

The published literature on the treatment of varicose veins using endovenous laser ablation was reviewed. The literature search focused on the history of endovenous laser ablation, its safety and durability, known complications, and differences in outcomes based on the iterations of fiber type and laser wavelength.

Results

Treatment safety and efficacy of endovenous laser ablation appear to be based on the amount of energy administered over a defined distance, or the linear endovenous energy density. The ideal linear endovenous energy density varies with the laser wavelength and fiber-type. Post-operative pain and bruising may be reduced by the use of higher wavelength fibers or the use of radial or jacket-tip fibers as compared to bare-tip fibers. The incidence of endothermal heat-induced thrombosis remains low and has declined with increasing experience. Reports have demonstrated a greater than 90% technical success rate with saphenous endovenous laser ablation, long-term durability of ablation, and commensurate improvement in quality of life.

Conclusions

Endovenous laser ablation is a safe and durable treatment option for the management of incompetent superficial and perforator veins of the lower extremities. As an endothermal technology, it remains a key component of the standard of care for the treatment of chronic venous insufficiency.