bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The relationship of marketing communication and customer behaviour in the online store industry
Authors: Grąbczewska Katarzyna
Published: July 2021

Motivation: The article fills a crucial gap in the literature in the realm of investigating and understanding customer behaviour in the digital environment. Research in the field of ever-shifting digital marketing communication is fundamental.
Aim: The key purpose of the research paper is to investigate the relationship between the frequency of seeing marketing messages by respondents and their market behaviour.
Materials and methods: Various approaches to online marketing communication and descriptions of consumer behaviour were analysed in the theoretical framework of the article. The goal mentioned above was achieved through the survey conducted in 2020 on the sample of 461 respondents who had access to the Internet. Data were collected using a Google Form, and then the empirical data were analysed using Spearman?s correlation coefficient in Microsoft Excel application. The research involved observing the online marketing communication carried out by the surveyed entities in addition to mentioned methods.
Results: The findings prove that the frequency of seeing marketing content by respondents has an impact on the Spontaneous Brand Awareness Rate, the Aided Brand Awareness Rate, the frequency of store website visits, the propensity to repurchase, and online store reviews. There is a strong relationship between the quantity and the variety of online marketing messages broadcasted by an online store and the engagement of customers in the digital activity of the online store. The research will help entrepreneurs develop future online marketing communication strategies and indicate the development of online communication toolkits. The research paper confirms the importance of maintaining a relationship with customers who shop online.
An Alternative Ballistic Limit Equation for the Whipple Shield in the Shatter Regime, Based on Characteristics of the Large Central Fragment
Authors: Wen Ken , Di De-ning , Chen Xiao-wei
Published: July 2021

In the shatter regime of a Whipple shield, a large central fragment makes a significant contribution to the damage-causing capacity of the debris cloud. Herein we present a feasible scheme for the identification and measurement of this large central fragment and propose an alternative approach to the ballistic limit equation (BLE) for the Whipple shield, deducing an alternative ballistic limit in the shatter regime based on the large central fragment’s characteristics. This alternative BLE is compared with the phenomenological Whipple BLE, the JSC Whipple BLE and the Ryan curve. Our alternative BLE, modified at the incipient fragmentation and completed fragmentation point, is shown to agree well with experimental results.
POTENSI POLA PERJALANAN EKOWISATA JAWA TIMUR PASCA PANDEMI COVID-19
Authors: Asmoro Agung Yoga , Yusrizal Firdaus
Published: July 2021

The COVID-19 pandemic has plunged the tourism sector. Tourism industries have ceased operations in line with travel restrictions imposed by most countries. With various considerations, the tourism sector must be reopened. Kemenparekraf said ecotourism has the potential to survive in the post-COVID period. East Java with a variety of ecotourism destinations has the potential to become a leading destination. On the other hand, a pandemic caused changes in tourist behavior. Government policies that prioritize ecotourism; the advantages of East Java's ecotourism attractions; as well as a shift in the tourists' behavior who tend to travel to locations close to home, had an impact on changing tourism patterns in East Java. This research was conducted with a qualitative approach case study to reveal tour patterns in East Java, especially in the cities of Surabaya, Tuban, Batu, Malang City, Malang Regency, and Banyuwangi which contributed to 50% of East Java’s domestic tourist visits. This research was conducted in two phases, where the first stage (literature studies) guides the next phase of qualitative data in the form of interviews with tourism stakeholders. Our findings are that the majority of East Java tourists conduct tours in the regency/city where they live, ecotourism has not become the main choice of domestic tourists, local governments need to further develop potential natural attractions as ecotourism attractions, and existing ecotourism travel patterns are not yet optimized.
PENGARUH PENERAPAN MODEL PEMBELAJARAN PROBLEM BASED LEARNING TERHADAP KEMAMPUAN REPRESENTASI MATEMATIS SISWA SEKOLAH DASAR
Authors: Syawaly Azizah Mutiara , Hayun Muhammad
Published: July 2021

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui pengaruh model pembelajaran Problem Based Learning (PBL) terhadap kemampuan representasi matematis siswa kelas V materi denah dan skala. Metode yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini yaitu quasi eksperimental dengan jumlah sampel sebanyak 42 siswa yang terdiri dari 22 siswa kelas eksperimen dan 20 siswa kelas kontrol dengan desain Nonequivalent Control Group Design. Hasil penelitian dapat terlihat dari hasil perhitungan dengan uji t independen dan diperoleh t  sebanyak 3,497 yang artinya lebih besar dari t  2.021, dengan taraf signifikansi 0,001 < 0,05, hal ini berarti bahwa ada perbedaan yang signifikan antara siswa di kelas eksperimen dengan siswa di kelas kontrol. Dapat diartikan bahwa terdapat pengaruh model pembelajaran Problem Based Learning terhadap kemampuan representasi matematis siswa kelas V SD Islam Al-Musyarrofah. Hasil penelitian ini diharapkan ini dapat bermanfaat kepada pihak-pihak terkait yang dapat memanfaatkannya seperti kepala sekolah, guru, siswa, serta peneliti selanjutnya.
A necessidade de proteção das minorias decorrente da desigualdade social no Brasil
Authors: Arruda Camila Rabelo de Matos Silva
Published: July 2021

A pesquisa trata da necessidade da proteção do Estado para assegurar a dignidade dos grupos vulneráveis. As minorias não são numericamente inferiores, mas representam grupos que precisam de uma especial proteção estatal. A proteção aos Direitos Humanos traz uma visão de que é necessário proteger a dignidade da pessoa humana, dando a todos um tratamento para efetivar a cidadania. A presente pesquisa busca responder a seguinte pergunta: De que forma a proteção constitucional dos direitos das minorias efetiva o Estado democrático de direito? As discussões sobre a temática  permeiam a sociedade em busca de uma sociedade justa e igualitária.
Innovative mechanisms in the financial accounting system of the enterprise
Authors: Sigidov Yuriy , Akulich Oksana , Chapkina Nadezhda , Kokorev Alexander , Melnikova Lyubov
Published: July 2021

The relevance of the subject matter of scientific research is determined by the importance of introducing innovative solutions in the activities of modern enterprises in various sectors of the economy in general and the need for a detailed study of various aspects of the impact of innovative mechanisms in ensuring the full functioning of the financial accounting systems of the enterprise in particular. In this context, the purpose of the study is to investigate the role and functions of innovative mechanisms in the financial accounting system of an enterprise, regardless of its field of activity, with an assessment of the effectiveness of the implementation of such innovative mechanisms and methods. The leading approach in this study is the method of system analysis, which allows performing a structured review of various aspects of the subject matter, in terms of identifying the main patterns of implementation of innovative solutions and mechanisms in the activities of the financial accounting system of the enterprise. The results of this study reflect the essence of the research performed and clearly demonstrate the sequence of development and subsequent implementation of innovative mechanisms in the activities of the relevant systems of modern enterprises; the final conclusions of this study are formulated based on the obtained results. The results and conclusions of this study are of significant practical value for specialists working in the financial accounting system of enterprises, regardless of their specific affiliation to certain areas of economic activity, in terms of providing a qualitative understanding of the need to introduce innovative mechanisms in the financial accounting structures of these enterprises, in order to reduce unjustified losses in the activities of these enterprises and increase the overall level of their economic efficiency in the current economic situation.
Analysis of financial risks in the financial and economic security management system of the enterprise
Authors: Sigidov Yuriy , Petrov Aleksandr M. , Osmonova Ainur A. , Zhukova Galina S. , Kostenko Yurii O.
Published: July 2021

The relevance of the study is determined by the need to develop and implement effective tools for analysing the probability of financial risks that may potentially arise in the operation of the financial and economic security management system of an enterprise, regardless of its particular affiliation to any economic sphere. The purpose of this study is to assess the theoretical prerequisites for creating an effective system for analysing financial risks in the operation of the financial and economic security management system of an enterprise at any stage of its operation and to analyse the probability of practical implementation of such a system. The leading approach in this scientific study is a combination of methods of system analysis of the activity of management systems for the economic and financial security of the enterprise, with an analytical study of the analysis of financial risks arising during the operation of this enterprise. In the course of the study, scientific confirmation was obtained regarding the fact that there is a clear, structural relationship between the analysis of the level of financial risks in the enterprise's activities and the functioning of its financial and economic security management system, which suggests that a high-quality and timely analysis of financial risks is essential for various aspects of the security of the enterprise in general. The results obtained in the course of this study are of great practical importance for employees of the economic and financial systems of enterprises of various forms of ownership and activities that solve the problems of developing effective methods for protecting the economic activities of organisations in the conditions of instability of the current economic situation on world markets and real threats of increasing financial losses of enterprises in this regard.
Digital marketing strategies and international patients’ satisfaction: an empirical study in Jordanian health service industry
Authors: Al-Weshah Ghazi A. , Kakeesh Dana F. , Al-Ma'aitah Noor A.
Published: July 2021

The study aims at investigating the role of digital marketing strategies in enhancing international patients’ satisfaction in Jordanian healthcare industry. Specifically, the effect of search engine optimization, social media networks, and e-mail marketing as digital marketing strategies on international patients’ satisfaction. The quantitative approach is adopted and 400 questionnaires are distributed using convenient sample to international patients in different health service organizations (HSO). Only 310 questionnaires were collected with response rate 78%. The study concluded that there is a significant effect of digital marketing strategies on international patients’ satisfaction in Jordanian health service industry. Moreover, each digital marketing strategies (search engine optimization, social media networks, and e-mail marketing) have a significant effect on international patients’ satisfaction in Jordanian health service industry. Moreover, social media networks are the most important strategy which are employed to enhance patients’ satisfaction in HSOs. The study recommends that HSOs have to take the advantages of digital marketing strategies in order to enhance patients’ satisfaction. Practical implications and directions for future research are proposed.
Impact of Companies’ Characteristics on the Relationship between Corporate Social Responsibility Disclosure and Corporate financial Performance - An Empirical Analysis
Authors: Qazi Sayeed Zafar , Aspal Parvesh Kumar
Published: July 2021

Strategic managers are persistently accosting with the decision of switching the scared corporate resource for the community welfare to balance the shareholders’ and multiple stakeholders’ interests. Corporate houses are presumed to not only intensify the economic priorities of investors, but must also consider the community and environmental ramifications as well. Presently, corporations are in dilemma over whether investment in corporate social responsibility (CSR) initiatives will be a cost or gain from an economic point of view. For this purpose, the association between CSR disclosure and corporate financial performance has been empirically explored and also the company characteristic has been considered as a significant and interesting factor influencing the association between CSR and corporate financial performance. The prime objective of the present paper is to examine the impact of companies’ characteristics i.e., Age of company on the relationship between corporate social responsibility disclosure and corporate financial performance. Panel data regression statistical technique has been applied to investigate and analyze the relationship. The findings of the study reveal that companies CSR have significant influence on their financial performances.  But, on the other hand the company characteristic, age of the company has no significant impact on the corporate financial performance. The findings are found consistent with earlier studies, which validate the company’s venture in undertaking the CSR initiatives. The present study addresses theoretical as well as empirical support and inspiration for the corporations towards CSR initiatives.
Digitalization of public services in countering criminal corruption offenses
Authors: Stefanchuk Mykola , Polyvoda Vadym , Kikalishvili Mariia , Bodunova Olesia , Yermolenko-Kniazieva Liliia
Published: July 2021

The article considers the main aspects of the introduction of digitalization of public services and their role in combating criminal corruption offenses. The article considers the main aspects of the introduction of digitalization of public services and their role in the fight against criminal corruption offenses. The purpose of the study is to analyze and evaluate the role of digitalization of public services in the fight against criminal corruption offenses. The current problem is political corruption at the highest level and corruption in the business environment of Ukraine. The study focuses on the challenges that have accompanied a number of reforms, including the reform of the legal system. Currently, one of the biggest reforms is the reform judicial system and constitutional proceedings. This is primarily due to people's distrust of the court. It has proved that the ability of society to overcome the phenomenon of corruption in the public sector has largely related to the willingness to transparency and openness of all information, anti-corruption maturity of both civil society and government. It is established that the fight against criminal corruption offenses, based on the tools and means of digitalization of public services, promotes public confidence in the government, becomes the basis for the formation of anti-corruption culture.
The late Quaternary stratigraphy of coastal dunes and associated deposits in southern Africa
Authors: Knight J.
Published: July 2021

Coastal sand dune sediments with associated intraformational aeolianite, palaeosols and beachrock are found throughout much of the southern African coast, and have important roles as both Quaternary environmental archives and in recording the interplay of sediment supply, coastal processes and sea-level change. This paper examines the stratigraphy and palaeoenvironmental significance of coastal sand dunes and associated sediments, using examples mainly from South Africa but also with reference to the sandy coasts of Namibia and southern Mozambique. Based on morphological, sedimentary and dating evidence reported in the diverse literature, the stratigraphic relationship of coastal sand dune sediments to Marine Isotope Stages (MIS) is summarized, and a chronostratigraphic diagram for the period MIS 6 to 1 along the South African coast is used to identify spatially coherent sedimentary units that correspond to different regional climatic and sea-level phases. This framework provides a stratigraphic context to better examine the relationship between coastal sand dunes and external forcing during the late Quaternary in southern Africa, and to guide future field studies.
PARLIAMENTARY ELECTORAL LEGISLATION – LAW vis á vis JUSTNESS OF ELECTORAL LEGISLATION IN THE REPUBLIC OF CROATIA IN THE PAST 20 YEARS
Authors: Dagen Tomislav , Majnarić Marijana
Published: July 2021

In the last twenty years, through the democratic development of the Republic of Croatia, the problem of modernizing parliamentary electoral legislation and the need and desire to create a better and fairer electoral system as a whole, which will bring the Republic of Croatia into European integration and the map of Western democracies comes “to the surface”. In order for the implementation of the political desire to join Western democracies and bring the Republic of Croatia closer to the European Union realize its full potential, the electoral system was changed in 1999, and since then seven elections have been held for the Croatian Parliament, and the Republic of Croatia has in the meantime become a full member of the European Union. On this democratic path and democratic-parliamentary progress of the Republic of Croatia, a constant and unchanged circumstance (parliamentary anomaly) was noticed, which the Constitutional Court warned about back in 2010, and that is the need to create a fairer electoral system, since these existing ones call into question legality and constitutionality of the election results (the warning which the Croatian Parliament still ignores). Therefore, in this paper, the authors, by analyzing the existing electoral system and comparing the 2000 and 2020 elections, identify its shortcomings, inconsistencies between the Act on Election of Representatives to the Croatian Parliament and the Act on Constituencies. Further analysis in this paper refers to the fact of imbalance in the number of voters in different constituencies in which an identical number of representatives is elected (malapportionment), and the lack of “justness” that allows issues of political engineering and forming post-election coalitions, as well as the possibility of representatives “entering” the Croatian Parliament with a minimum number of votes obtained. Also, the authors try to confirm the thesis that the existing electoral system of electing representatives to the Croatian Parliament as a legislative body of the Republic of Croatia needs to be made more just in order to completely fulfill its purpose of creating parliamentary democracy in accordance with the rule of law and the will of the people. In light of the above, the paper will compare and analyze the results of the aforementioned parliamentary elections and their shortcomings, and will provide an overview of the necessary changes and the creation of a future more just electoral system, which the Republic of Croatia certainly needs and which will reduce to a minimum the difference between law and justice in the procedures for the election of representatives to the Croatian Parliament.
E-COMMERCE IN TRADE COMPANIES DURING THE CONDITIONS OF A PANDEMIC CRISIS: CASE STUDIES
Authors: Mrvica Mađarac Sandra , Filipović Zvonimir , Eljuga Marko
Published: July 2021

E-commerce in trade companies during the course of the pandemic crisis has become more than a technology; it includes a whole range of activities such as business processes, business organization, communication, customer relationship management, the E-sales orientation and business progress through the Information and Communication technologies. The consequences of the pandemic COVID-19 are reflected on the various spheres of social life, including the businesses of the companies. New strategies and techniques in business have positively contributed to the survival of trading companies on the market in the new situation. Therefore, trading companies were forced to adjust their way of working, doing business and maintaining contacts with the customers and suppliers in the new situation. E-commerce in trading companies has become much more than the E-sales. Digitalising business leads to the implementation of E-commerce of the supply chain management that leads to speeding up and maintaining of the business processes. Due to rapid technological changes, E-commerce needs to follow new trends on the Information and Communication technologies market in order to remain effective. E-commerce can also help to organize communication processes. Online sales in the situation of the pandemic crisis have proven to be an effective sales method with which trading companies can maintain their sales in contactless customer relations. With the E-commerce can be improved all the company's business relations by the introduction of opportunities that it provides in business, by building architecture of E-commerce and by implementation of applications for business enterprises taking into account the potential costs and benefits of introducing this kind of business. However, with the introduction of E-commerce, both of the marketing strategies and the market expansions can be improved. In the paper are listed and analysed changes in the trade operations of the two companies due to the pandemic crisis; one deals with the sale of agricultural machinery and the other with the sale of food products: at this point we examine and compares the differences in the business processes management with the customers and suppliers in the normal way of doing business also in the new occasions, that is the consequential business adjustment in the course of pandemic.
PARTNERSHIPS IN MODERN PROCUREMENT SYSTEMS AS THE BASIS FOR COMPANIES' STABILITY AND GROWTH IN CRISIS AND UNPREDICTABLE CIRCUMSTANCES
Authors: Galić Matej , Ružić Ivan , Horvat Tomislav
Published: July 2021

All functions within the company, regardless of its size and activity, meet with an extremely dynamic economy and an environment in which they perform many day-to-day activities. In that sense, procurement is no different. It no longer serves only the purpose of ordering goods or services at the request of production at the lowest possible prices. Today's modern procurement systems offer solutions, improvements and thoughts on all aspects of business operations in which they are involved. There is a special emphasis on the dynamic resolution of challenging situations, which lies in unpredictable circumstances and crisis. The procurement department always works closely with other functions that directly affect production, and this is where extremely dynamic, high-quality and timely communication is expected. Communication with functions within the company is followed by communication with partners, where procurement becomes a sort of link between production and suppliers. Members of the procurement team are in most cases representatives of their companies, and it is based on their communication skills, behaviour and decisions that the image of the company is created among partners. Quality and timely communication of procurement team members with partners can play a key role for the continuation of production in turbulent market situations. Managers must organize all procurement processes in a quality manner, as well as motivate, educate and reward members of the procurement department. With their comments, opinions, advice and experience, partners offer an additional perspective, solution and an alternative path in the further planning of steps which would help achieve all of company's objectives. Experienced management, especially in times of crisis, use all possible information to make quality decisions, but also learn from these situations in order to make all possible preparations in regular business operations to minimize the shock that a new crisis could cause. The theoretical part of the paper will present a description of the concept of procurement business, management and crisis management, business and crisis communication, creating partnerships, and maintaining the company's image. The empirical research, conducted through questionnaires which were filled in by employees from the procurement department in the Republic of Croatia, provides us with answers about the importance of partnerships, with a special emphasis on the current coronavirus pandemic. In conclusion, we have explained proposals for improving and maintaining partnerships in the procurement business during crisis, as well as in regular business situations.
UNITED WE STAND - DIVIDED WE FALL: ASSESSING THE POTENTIAL OF THE EU AND ITS CITIZENS TO CONFRONT THE CORONAVIRUS PANDEMIC AS A CHANCE TO REAFFIRM THE EUROPEAN IDENTITY
Authors: Dorotić Jeronim
Published: July 2021

The main aim of this paper is to assess the potential of the EU and its citizens to face the Coronavirus pandemic as a chance to reaffirm the European identity. This paper consists of three complementary parts. In the first part conceptualization of the European identity is presented according to the views of the EU institutions and relevant authors with purpose to signify its importance for further development of the EU project. In the second part the extent to which the EU citizens are currently affiliated with the European Union is assessed, especially with regard to the response of the EU to confront the pandemic (i.e. by relying on recent Eurobarometer surveys). Third and the central part of this paper is focused on providing the review and analysis of relevant solidarity actions directed to confront Coronavirus crisis by the EU institutions and representative CSOs active specifically at the EU level in the field of promoting European citizenship. The key findings of this inquiry indicate that analysed initiatives contain solidarity dimension, and therefore, have potential to reaffirm the European identity, that is, to enhance cohesion and unity among the EU citizens.
Frequência de anemia: uma comparação entre gestantes adolescentes e adultas
Authors: Guia Luísa de Carvalho Mares , Lessa Emille Meira , Mesquita Tamara Lacerda , Queiroz Larissa Carvalho de , Oliveira Isadora Vitor de , Pereira Thaís Melo , Lima Gabriela Barbosa , Pannain Gabriel Duque , Menon Clara de Oliveira , Zimmermmann Juliana Barroso
Published: July 2021

Objetivo: Avaliar a frequência de anemia em gestantes adolescentes e adultas. Métodos: Tratou-se de uma coorte histórica que estudou dados de 1414 gestantes, sendo 293 adolescentes e 1121 adultas. Resultados: A anemia ferropriva foi identificada em 98% e a macrocítica em 2% dos casos. A média de hemoglobina nas gestantes adolescentes foi de 11,7 (±1,37) no primeiro, 11,30 (±1,09) no segundo e 11,50 (±1,52) no terceiro trimestre. Já nas adultas, observou-se 12,10 (±1,25),11,50 (±1,12) e 11,80 (±1,40) respectivamente. A comparação entre os dois grupos revelou p <0,001 para o primeiro trimestre, p= 0,01 no segundo e p=0,05 no terceiro. A frequência de anemia foi calculada, sendo esta de 20% no primeiro, 29,4% no segundo e 18,2% no terceiro trimestre. A anemia foi mais frequente em gestantes adolescentes (RR= 1,93; IC= 1,40-2,66; p<0,001), no primeiro trimestre. Após a aplicação do modelo de regressão, a renda familiar (p<0,001) e a adolescência (p=0,003) foram as variáveis significativas associadas à anemia. Conclusão: Conclui-se que a anemia teve maior frequência nas adolescentes, estando associada à baixa renda e à idade. Entretanto, esta não se relacionou ao baixo peso fetal, infecção urinária e/ou corrimento vaginal, evidenciando que um pré-natal adequado pode modificar os desfechos desfavoráveis materno-fetais.
Efficacy and safety of various brimonidine formulations in the treatment of glaucoma and ocular hypertension
Authors:   Fyodorov Eye Microsurgery Federal State Institution, Moscow, Sidorova A.V. , Zhuravlev A.S. ,   Fyodorov Eye Microsurgery Federal State Institution, Moscow, Starostina A.V. ,   Fyodorov Eye Microsurgery Federal State Institution, Moscow, Eliseeva M.A. ,   Fyodorov Eye Microsurgery Federal State Institution, Moscow
Published: July 2021

Purpose. To present data on the mechanism of action, efficacy, and side effects of various brimonidine dosage forms in the treatment of glaucoma and ocular hypertension. Material and methods. To perform the review, literature sources were searched through the PubMed and Scopus databases up to and including 2021, using the keywords «brimonidine», «efficacy», «safety», «glaucoma medication». A total of 36 articles related to the topic of the review were selected. The beginning of publications on this topic dates back to 1995. Results. Brimonidine, an alpha2-adrenoceptor agonist, effectively reduces intraocular pressure and can be used as monotherapy, adjuvant and replacement therapy. The effectiveness of brimonidine is similar to that of timolol and prevails over betaxolol but inferior to prostaglandin analogues. The new drug formulation brimonidine-purite 0.15% has a more favorable safety and tolerability profile than the original brimonidine 0.2% while maintaining similar efficacy. However, most patients require two or more hypotensive medications to maintain target IOP. In this context, brimonidine is one of the most appropriate drugs because of its pr oven efficacy when combined with other classes of hypotensive drugs. Conclusion. Brimonidine can be used as monotherapy for glaucoma and ophthalmic hypertension. Experimental and clinical studies have shown a potential neuroprotective effect of brimonidine, which is associated with a direct effect on retinal cells, regardless of the effect of the drug on intraocular pressure. Key words: glaucoma, brimonidine, hypotensive drops, intraocular pressure.
THE INFLUENCE OF TREFFINGER LEARNING MODELS ON MATHEMATICS COMMUNICATION SKILLS OF STUDENTS
Authors: Salingkat Suhartini , Bilalu Anastasia
Published: July 2021

This study aims to analyze the impact of the Treffinger learning model on students' mathematical communication skills. This research was conducted at Senior High School 1 Bulagi grade 10th, 2018/2019 academic year. This type of research was a Quasi-Experimental study with a Pretest-Posttest Control Group Design. Data collection on mathematical communication skills used test instruments. The results revealed that the mathematical communication skills of students taught using the Treffinger learning model were higher than those taught using the Student Team Achievement Division / STAD cooperative learning model (FCount = 5.78> Ftable = 4.03). It can be seen from the results of the research that application of the Treffinger learning model has a higher effect on students' communication skills compared to the Student Learning Achievement Division (STAD) cooperative learning model. It is proven from the average mathematical communication skills of students taught with the Treffinger learning model on the written text indicator, drawing and mathematical expression expressed at 50.67 while the students taught with the Student Team Achievement Division (STAD) cooperative learning model on the written indicator text, drawing and mathematical expressions were stated at 47.50.
Does lack of pollination extend flower life?
Authors: Fung Hannah F , Thomson James
Published: July 2021

Across angiosperm species, the longevity of individual flowers can range from fixed to highly plastic. The orchid family is noteworthy for frequent reports of species in which flower lifespans are greatly prolonged if flowers are not pollinated. Less dramatic cases of pollination-induced senescence of anthesis have been reported for various species in other families, but such reports are scattered. Frequently, such findings are peripheral components of more general pollination studies. Because pollination-dependent plasticity can ameliorate phenological dislocations between plants and pollinators, it is worthwhile to conduct systematic surveys of its magnitude and taxonomic distribution. As a start, we report a set of experiments comparing the active lifespans of pollinated flowers to those of unpollinated controls in a set of nine species from a local subalpine flora. In all species, unpollinated flowers had longer mean times of receptiveness than pollinated ones, although the differences in means were often small. Three species exhibited significantly extended floral longevity in the absence of pollination.
Native and non-native plants attract diverse bees to urban gardens in California
Authors: Frankie Gordon , Feng Ingrid , Thorp Robbin , Pawelek Jaime , Chase Marissa Helene , Jadallah Christopher C. , Rizzardi Mark
Published: July 2021

Bees visit native and non-native plant species for pollen and nectar resources in urban, agricultural, and wildland environments. Results of an extensive survey of bee-flower collection records from 10 California cities from 2005-2011 were used to examine host-plant records of native and non-native ornamental plants to diverse native and non-native bee species; five cities were from northern California and five were from southern California. A total of 7,659 bees and their floral host plants were examined. Of these, 179 were Apis mellifera and 7,390 were non-Apis. Only four other non-native species (all in Megachilidae) were recorded in the survey, and together they accounted for 402 individuals. These bees have been databased in preparation for deposition in the University of California-Berkeley Essig Museum of Entomology. We identified 229 bee species and 42 genera visiting native and non-native plant types in urban areas. Of the 229 species, 71 bee species were collected from only native plants; 52 were collected from only non-native host plants; and 106 were collected from both types of plants. Native bee species were common on native plants and non-native plants, but there were substantially more non-native bee species visiting non-native plants compared to native plants. Flowering periods in months were similar for both types of plants, but non-natives tended to flower later in the year. We propose that using native and non-native plants improves habitat gardening by increasing opportunities for attracting a richer diversity of bee species and for longer periods. Knowing basic bee-flower relationships in an area is key to planning a bee habitat garden with a variety of plant types, regardless of their geographic origin.
Cucurbits as a model system for crop pollination management
Authors: Knapp Jessica Louise , Osborne Juliet Laura
Published: July 2021

Cucurbit crops have steadily increased in production over the last 50 years, particularly in Asia where pioneering technological advancements and genetic improvements have created new hybrid varieties. Generally, cucurbits are dependent on insect-pollination for fruit set and are popular species for pollination studies. This review systematically summarises pollination research conducted in the major food genera of cucurbits: Cucurbita, Cucumis, and Citrullus, to ask: 1) what are cucurbits’ requirement for pollination and their most effective pollinators? And 2) Does pollinator management increase pollinator visitation to, and yield of, cucurbit crops? These accounts of cucurbit pollination demonstrate that wild bee species such as Bombus terrestris, B. impatiens and Eucera spp. were frequently able to fulfil the pollination requirements of multiple cucurbit species. However, pollinator behaviour, pollen deposition on stigmas, and pollinators’ contribution to yield vary between cucurbit species and study site. Nonetheless, the provision of additional floral resources at both field and farm scales may help to encourage pollination of cucurbit species whilst supporting pollinators’ nutritional requirements beyond those already provided by the cucurbit crop. Synthesising studies on cucurbits’ requirement for pollination and how pollinators vary spatially and temporally in the landscape can extend beyond cucurbit systems to inform growers and pollination ecologists of other pollinator-dependent crop species wishing to maximise pollination services, species conservation; or both.
Disponibilidade Hídrica de uma Bacia Hidrográfica no Sul da Bahia
Authors: Silva Gabriela Mateus de Fontes , Zanchi Fabrício Berton , Silva João Batista Lopes da , Bernardes Marcos Eduardo Cordeiro
Published: July 2021

Objetivou-se neste trabalho caracterizar o comportamento hidrológico da bacia do rio Buranhém, através da análise de séries temporais de precipitação e vazão, verificando os principais aspectos que refletem na disponibilidade hídrica da bacia. Os dados utilizados foram obtidos em bases nacionais, Hidroweb/ANA, BDMEP/INMET e TOPODATA/INPE, processados através dos softwares Hidro, SisCAH e QGIS, respectivamente, analisou-se também a série de registros do Índice Niño de Oscilação (ONI) da Administração Nacional Oceânica e Atmosférica dos Estados Unidos (NOAA). A bacia hidrográfica foi delimitada de modo a reconhecer o processo chuva-vazão. A avaliação partiu do pré-processamento e análise estatística das séries precipitação e vazão e da análise de correlação ao nível de 5% (p < 0,05) entre os dados gerados. Para o período analisado, de 1971 a 2018 observou-se uma condição de não estacionariedade que agrava a baixa regularidade das vazões e evidencia a necessidade de atenção para se assegurar a disponibilidade em seu uso. Isto podendo estar associado a morfometria da bacia, ao processo histórico de uso e ocupação do solo e às características hidrogeológicas das áreas que contribuem no escoamento superficial e subterrâneo da bacia. Além disso, notamos que em anos de El Nino houve, em média, um aumento de 50% da vazão; já nos eventos de La Niña, uma diminuição, em média, de 47%.
Impacts of the COVID-19 Pandemic on Doctoral Students’ Thesis/Dissertation Progress
Authors: J Donohue William , Shu-Ju Lee Alice , Simpson Shelah , Vacek Kathleen
Published: July 2021

Aim/Purpose: The purpose of this study was to document the impacts of the COVID-19 pandemic for doctoral students who were proposing, conducting, or writing up their doctoral thesis, dissertation, or other culminating project.

Background: For doctoral students, the process of designing, implementing, and writing a culminating project is a key part of the learning experience. These projects typically require students to direct their own learning and to manage setbacks, obstacles, and challenges as they arise. During the COVID-19 pandemic, doctoral students around the globe had to undertake this key learning experience in the context of a global crisis.

Methodology: During August and September 2020, 235 doctoral students from around the world completed an online questionnaire consisting of demographic questions and three open-ended questions about their experience during the COVID-19 pandemic. Analysis involved several cycles of In Vivo Coding of the data, which yielded codes, categories, and eventually themes. At each stage, the researchers collaborated to generate the codes, and the categories and themes arose through several rounds of discussion.

Contribution: Our study adds to the small body of knowledge on doctoral students’ experiences from around the world during the COVID-19 pandemic by identifying categories of experience through qualitative, open-ended survey questions. The study highlights doctoral students’ challenges and how these were either exacerbated or mitigated by pandemic-induced changes.

Findings: Our survey respondents described impacts on their culminating projects’ progress in five major categories: research design, access to resources, workload, mental health, and finances.

Recommendations for Practitioners: The five categories of impacts emerging from our participants’ responses may be useful for faculty and administrators of doctoral programs to consider in reviewing their programs’ responses to the pandemic and making future plans for providing academic continuity in crisis situations as well as re-evaluating the priorities and structures of doctoral program to better support students overall moving forward.

Recommendation for Researchers: Further research is needed to better understand how the pandemic impacted individual students’ research and writing processes, including adaptive strategies.

Impact on Society: Institutions need to be aware of systemic strain on doctoral students under the best of conditions and be especially aware of the impacts of a crisis and plan contingencies to assist students with a focus on the areas of finances, resource access, workload, research design, and mental health.

Future Research: Future research should seek out additional perspectives of male doctoral students. Additionally, data capturing perspectives from students at other points in time are needed as the pandemic continued to unfold after this study’s data collection period.
Maintaining Functional Health and Posture During Distance Education for Primary School Children
Authors: Shuba Liudmyla , Shuba Victoria
Published: July 2021

The modern rhythm of life requires from the body well-coordinated work and respond to changes in various spheres of life. The COVID-19 encourages distance education, which contributes to the sedentary life style of children. The success of a pupil’s education is determined by his level of health, especially for primary school children. One of the main aspects of the body normal functioning is the correct posture. This special aspect became the subject of research. The Purpose of the Study is – experimentally test the method of using carriage exercises and maintaining the optimal level of functional status for primary school children during distance education. Research Organization. The study was performed from March 2020 to June 2020 at the premises of collegium «Elint», Zaporozhye. It was attended by 71 boys aged 7-8 who were divided into experimental (n=36) and control (n=35) groups, all boys were classified in the main medical group. Results. The data obtained during the research revealed both positive (shoulder index and Kettle index) and negative (Ruffier’s functional test) dynamics in students during distance learning. But the best result was shown by the experimental group, due to the fact that during the construction of the methodology, we took into consideration not only sensitive development, but also those aspects that would motivate the children before classes. Conclusion. The established problem of the researched question allowed to develop a method of using carriage exercises and maintaining the optimal level of functional status for primary school children during distance education. Noticed that the developed method has really positive influence, easy to use and can be applied by all members of society.
Інформаційно-аналітичний комплекс оцінювання у фізичному вихованні
Authors: Kindrat Pavlo , Kindrat Vadym
Published: July 2021

Актуальність теми дослідження. Упровадження сучасних інформаційних технологій у навчальний процес покликане автоматизувати рутинну діяльність та підвищити якість сприйняття отримуваної інформації. Розкриття повного потенціалу застосування інформаційно-комунікаційних технологій у фізичному вихованні потребує доповнення навчальних матеріалів аналітичними комплексами, орієнтованими на допомогу в здій- сненні поточного моніторингу фізичного стану учнів й приведення навчального навантаження у відповідність до їхніх можливостей. Мета дослідження – установлення методичного підґрунтя та ключових засад функціонування інформаційно-аналітичного комплексу оцінювання показників фізіологічного розвитку учнів і їхньої фізичної підготовленості в процесі фізичного виховання. Методи дослідження – аналіз науково- методичної літератури, абстрагування, синтез й узагальнення. Результати роботи. Визначення інформаційно- аналітичного комплексу оцінювання у фізичному вихованні як зручного інструменту діагностики фізичного розвитку учнів та індивідуалізації навчального процесу, зумовлює необхідність застосування в ньому алгорит- мів, що ґрунтуються на математичних моделях і реалізовуються через інтуїтивно-зрозумілий програмний інтерфейс. Для забезпечення функціонального наповнення цього комплексу в ньому виокремлено три підсистеми: програмне втілення математичних моделей, базу даних кінцевих і проміжних результатів, систему візуалізації отриманих результатів. За основу й перший етап створення комплексу запропоновано обрати моніторинг фізичного розвитку та фізичної підготовленості як таких, що представляють найбільший інтерес в парадигмі фізичного виховання. Урахування представлених у науково-методичній літературі методик обчис- лень зазначених параметрів дало змогу розробити схему модулів оцінювання, а також установити взаємозв’язки між вихідними антропометричними та фізіологічними параметрами учнів. Ключові висновки. Результатом реалізації інформаційно-аналітичного комплексу стає можливість здійснювати індивідуальну оцінку гармоній- ності фізіологічного розвитку учнів, їхньої фізичної підготовленості, прогнозування оптимальних результатів підсумкових випробувань, виходячи з їх антропометричних даних та функціонального стану серцево-судинної й дихальної систем. Обґрунтовані переваги й недоліки запропонованої моделі інформаційно-аналітичного комплексу дали змогу встановити перспективні напрями його подальшого вдосконалення, зокрема узгодження та усунення неточностей у наявних методиках оцінювання фізичної підготовленості й фізичного розвитку учнів, удосконалення застосованих оцінних та прогностичних моделей.
Internacionalización en el sector aéreo de América Latina: estudio multicaso de Aeroméxico, Avianca y Latam (Internationalization in the Latin American air sector: multi- case study of Aeromexico, Avianca and Latam)
Authors: Lopez Jose Satsumi , Montañez Cuevas Mauricio Alejandro , Zertuche Zertuche Jorge Antonio , Paez Aguirre Daniel Gregorio , Martinez Cespedes Alejandro
Published: July 2021

Abstract. The objective of this paper is to analyze the internationalization strategies of the Latin American airlines: Aeromexico (Mexico), Avianca (Colombia) and LATAM (Chile). For this, a qualitative multi-case study technique was applied. The research question that is intended to answer in this paper is: in what way are the main airlines in Latin America internationalized? The results suggest that the airlines studied use similar internationalization strategies, which are based on strategic alliances with other airlines in order to offer a better service to their passengers. They were also identified as the main characteristics of these airlines that are strong in their domestic market (especially Aeromexico) and then they start to expand their operations abroad. Likewise, Avianca and LATAM have the main market in Latin America, while Aeromexico has a greater presence in the United States.Key words: Aeromexico, airline industry, Avianca, internationalization, LATAM, service sectorJEL: F23, M16.Resumen. El objetivo de este trabajo es analizar las estrategias de internacionalización de las aerolíneas latinoamericanas Aeroméxico (México), Avianca (Colombia) y LATAM (Chile). Para esto se aplicó una técnica cualitativa de  estudio multi-caso. La pregunta de investigación que se pretende responder en este trabajo es ¿de qué manera se internacionalizan las principales aerolíneas en América Latina?. Los resultados sugieren que las aerolíneas estudiadas utilizan estrategias similares de internacionalización, las cuáles están basadas en alianzas estratégicas con otras aerolíneas para poder ofrecer un mejor servicio a sus pasajeros. Además fueron identificadas como principales características de estas aerolíneas que son fuertes en su mercado interno (sobre todo Aeroméxico) y de ahí parten para poder expandir sus operaciones hacía el exterior. Asimismo Avianca y LATAM tiene como principal mercado América Latina, en cambio Aeroméxico tiene una mayor presencia en Estados Unidos.Palabras clave: Aeroméxico, Avianca, internacionalización, LATAM, sector aéreo, sector servicios