bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Characterization of Switching Transients in Low Voltage Power Systems of Tea Factories in Sri Lanka
Authors: Pannila Earl A.R.L. , Edirisinghe Mahesh
Published: October 2020

Voltage transients caused by various motors and electrical equipment of tea factories in Sri Lanka have been observed and analyzed. While reporting the major components of transients, this work extends it aspires to investigate the risk of having faults in a three-phase induction motor by monitoring and analyzing the transient voltage waveforms during the starting period. Therefore, common mode transient investigations have been followed. Transient voltage signals have been obtained from high end test setup and altogether 588 waveforms have been analyzed in both the time and frequency domains. In DOL and Star-Delta starting, highest transient amplitude of 688.2 V and 572.1 V have been observed respectively. Highest transient amplitude of 976.4 V and 980.5 V were observed in DOL and Star-Delta switching respectively. Withering and rolling sections dominates over other stages, generating high amplitude transients in average, reflecting same endangerment in energy calculations as presented in voltage integral. DOL starting transients carries fast rise times as 14 ns and in Star-Delta it is 28 ns. In order to assist with the exegesis of these data, transient parameters like rise time, duration, highest peak, etc.… have also been presented in statistical basis.
„On to dla nas grzechem uczynił tego, który nie znał grzechu” (2 Kor 5,21a): Rozumienie Pawłowej wypowiedzi w historii egzegezy
Authors: Siemieniec Tomasz
Published: October 2020

Autor artykułu szuka odpowiedzi na pytanie, jak w historii egzegezy interpretowano wypowiedź Apostoła Pawła z 2 Kor 5,21a o tym, że Bóg uczynił Chrystusa grzechem. Artykuł składa się z kilku części uszeregowanych chronologicznie. Najpierw przedstawiona została interpretacja 2 Kor 5,21a przez teologów epoki patrystycznej (zwłaszcza Orygenesa, Cyryla Aleksandryjskiego, Grzegorza z Nazjanzu, Grzegorza z Nyssy, Jana Chryzostoma, Augustyna z Hippony). Następnie omówiono teologów średniowiecznych na czele z Anzelmem z Canterbury. Trzecim etapem było zwrócenie uwagi na Marcina Lutra, Jana Kalwina oraz innych teologów czasu Reformacji. Ostatni punkt stanowi ukazanie interpretacji 2 Kor 5,21a przez teologów nowożytnych. Zauważono, że egzegeci epoki nowożytnej w swoich badaniach nawiązują do owoców pracy teologów wcześniej żyjących. W interpretacji 2 Kor 5,21a wyróżnić można trzy najważniejsze tendencje, które widzą tutaj odniesienie do wcielenia Syna Bożego, do Jego śmierci rozumianej jako ofiara za grzech i do szeroko rozumianej rzeczywistości grzechu, z którą zmierzył się Jezus Chrystus.
Nasze odniesienie do braci niekatolików – miłość i uczciwość we wzajemnych relacjach
Authors: Ryś Grzegorz
Published: October 2020

Tekst referatu wygłoszonego podczas konferencji naukowej „Łaską jesteście zbawieni przez wiarę” (Ef 2,8), zorganizowanej 14 listopada 2019 r. na KUL przez Sekcję Ekumenizmu Instytutu Nauk Teologicznych na Wydziale Teologii KUL i Radę ds. Ekumenizmu Konferencji Episkopatu Polski w 20. rocznicę podpisania Wspólnej deklaracji na temat nauki o usprawiedliwieniu.
Количественный анализ кластерных инициатив регионов Российской Федерации
Authors: Московкин Владимир Михайлович , Дивинари Алэн , Горбунова Елена Игоревна
Published: October 2020

На основе данных Российской кластерной обсерватории, созданной на базе Национального исследовательского университета «Высшая школа экономики» в 2012 году сразу же после опубликования Стратегии инновационного развития РФ на период до 2020 года, проведен количественный анализ распределения запуска кластерных инициатив по годам, численности участников (юридических лиц), фазам развития, видам государственной поддержки, численности работников, их специализации и по территориальному признаку. Предложена классификация кластеров по численности их работников. Согласно проведенному анализу, развитие кластерных инициатив имеет динамично развивающийся характер как по годам, так и по различным отраслям и территориям Российской Федерации.
Abundance, Activity, Diversity, and Species Interactions of Ground-Dwelling Ants (Hymenoptera: Formicidae) in Open Versus Canopied Habitats in Central Georgia (USA)
Authors: Ipser Reid M. , Gardner Wayne A.
Published: October 2020

The red imported fire ant, Solenopsis invicta Buren (Hymenoptera: Formicidae), and ground-dwelling ant species native to Georgia were observed and studied in tree-canopied and open uncanopied habitats in two state parks in central Georgia. Population density, native species diversity, and interactions of native species with each other and with the invasive S. invicta were determined and compared in the two habitats. Sampling methods included pitfall traps, baits, collection of leaf litter, and visual searches. In comparison to the open uncanopied habitats, red imported fire ant population density was lower in tree-canopied habitats, and native ant species diversity was greater in the canopied habitats. We also observed native species competing with red imported fire ants more intensely in canopied than in open habitats primarily by foraging activity and by predation of S. invicta reproductives. Our results suggest that native ant species can suppress S. invicta population numbers and density and that competition by native ant species should be considered in approaches of managing red imported fire ant.
Effects of Irradiation on Codling Moth (Lepidoptera: Tortricidae) First through Third Instars in Sweet Cherries1
Authors: Neven Lisa G. , Wakie Tewodros
Published: October 2020

Codling moth, Cydia pomonella (L.) (Lepidoptera: Tortricidae), is a serious pest of apple (Malus domestica [Borkh.]), pear (Pyrus communis [L.]), and occasionally, stone fruit (Prunus persica [L.]). Its presence in sweet cherries is rare and presumed to occur in areas where high populations in pome fruits occur near sweet cherries, Prunus avium (L.). Nevertheless, the potential of codling moth residing in a sweet cherry destined for an export market, especially to Asian Pacific countries, has led to the continued use of methyl bromide, an ozone-depleting fumigant, to prevent the accidental spread of this pest. Over the past 20 yr, internationally accepted alternative phytosanitary treatments using ionizing radiation have been developed. This is the first report of an irradiation dose response of codling moth in sweet cherries. We treated the first three instars of codling moth in export-quality sweet cherries and found that the third instar was the most radio-resistant, requiring a dose of approximately 250 Gy to prevent adult emergence. This dose is higher than those reported for fifth-instar codling moth in apples and artificial diet but should not delay any efforts in using this highly effective treatment to meet quarantine restrictions against this pest.
Relationship between Reactive and proactive Safety Indices: A Case Study in the Chemical Industries
Authors: Mohammadi Heidar , Heidari Hamidreza , Arsang Jang Shahram , Ghafourian Mona , Soltanzadeh Ahmad
Published: October 2020

Background: Investigating the influence of various proactive factors on reactive indices in the chemical industries can result in providing preventive and control measures in these industries. This study was designed and conducted to measure the relationship between reactive and proactive safety indices in the chemical industry.
Methods: This cross-sectional study was conducted in 2018 in 12 chemical industries. The study data were associated with a period of 5 years (2013-2017). Study data has been analyzed based on factor analysis using analytical software IBM SPSS AMOS v. 22.0. χ2 / df, RMSEA, CFI, NFI, and NNFA (TLI) indices were used to evaluate the model's goodness fit in this study.
Results: The mean reactive indices of recurrence coefficient and accident severity in this study was 14.15(18.32) and 182.112(10.50) days, respectively. The exploratory factor analysis results determined that 16 indicator variables were categorized into 4 groups of proactive indices, including safety training, risk management, control of unsafe situations, and unsafe acts. Analyzing the confirmatory factor additionally confirmed that there is a significant relationship between the two groups of reactive and proactive indices in this study(P <0.05), and the goodness of model fit was also recognized appropriate (RMSEA = 0.055).
Conclusion: This study's findings approved that the proactive indices affect the incidence and severity of accidents as safety reactive indices in the chemical industries. Also, the risk management proactive index and insecurity conditions were more effective than other indices.
Safety Culture and Resilience in a Petrochemical Industry
Authors: Sepehr Parvin , Sepehr Adel , Rezaee Razieh , Samimi Kazem
Published: October 2020

Background: Safety has affected the productivity of many industries, including the nuclear power, oil and gas, and railway industry. Resilience engineering is a new field in safety science. This study investigated the dimensions that contribute to safety culture and resilience and their relevance in petrochemical industry.
Methods:This is a descriptive-analytical study. At first, a questionnaire was used to assess the level of safety culture in twelve dimensions. Then, a six-factor resilience engineering questionnaire was administered. Data were analyzed in SPSS 19 and EXCEL software programs using statistical tests such as the correlation coefficient.
Results:The mean safety culture score was 290(43.2). The lowest score was related to the training indicator and incident and near-miss reports. The mean score of the resilience index was 201.5(25). The lowest score was related to the learning and reporting culture index. There was a significant correlation between the safety culture score and resilience engineering score (P=0.003). The results also showed that the score of safety culture and resilience increased with age and experience.
Conclusion: Safety culture and resilience are correlated directly, implying that individuals and organizations can become more resilient by increasing levels of safety culture.
Climatic Parameters and Outdoor Workers Safety and Health: A Case Study of Sabzevar City (2011-2017)
Authors: Mohammadi Danial , Mohammad Javad Mohammad Javad
Published: October 2020

Background: Climate change and global warming present a significant threat to outdoor workers. Climatic parameters change has increased the risk of outdoor workers' safety and health. The objective of this paper was to examine the hypothesis of an association between six years data of climatic parameters and outdoor workers' safety and health.
Methods: A variety of approaches have been produced to assess and measure workers' occupational heat exposure and the risk of heat-related disorders. In this study, maximum, mean, and minimum daily temperatures were used in the heat wave models to compare the sensitivity of predictions according to different climatic parameters in the case study of Sabzevar, settled in the north east of Iran, Khorasan Razavi Province. In this perusal, we used a 6-year data (from March 2011 to June 2017) on medical attendance because of outdoor workers disorders and also daily values of different climatically parameters to investigate the hypothesis of an association between heat indices and outdoor workers disorders.
Results: Mean temperature in the case study period was 18.95(0.21) °C. The minimum and maximum recorded temperature in the perusal period was -11.2 °C and 45.4 °C, respectively. The highest and lowest number of outdoor workers disorders was observed for the 11th (max daily air temperature > 35°C for ≥ 1 day) and 4th (mean daily air temperature > 99th percentile for ≥ 2 sequential days) definition of the heat wave in 16 definitions (17.75(4.80) and 0, respectively).
Conclusion: This study found that extreme temperature was associated with outdoor worker disorders in Sabzevar. Research into the future likelihood, existence and magnitude of safety and health consequences of global warming and climate change represent an important input to national policy debates.
Bilateral wide mental foramina an incidental finding in an asymptomatic patient: A case report and mini literature survey
Authors: Firdoose CS Nyer , Awadalla Alsaleh Mohamad
Published: October 2020

The mandibular canal and the mental foramina are constant structures that remain largely bilaterally symmetrical except for variations in shape and size within certain limits. Structural alterations such as enlargement of mental foramen and the mandibular canal are rare and usually recorded as incidental finding on plain radiographs. This enlargement may be associated with multiple factors. We present a unique case of bilateral wide mental foramina with enlarged mandibular canal in a 56-year-old asymptomatic male.
Hand hygiene adherence among Iranian nurses: A systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Nouri Bijan , Hajizadeh Mohammad , Bahmanpour Kaveh , Sadafi Mahsa , Rezaei Satar , Valiee Sina
Published: October 2020

Background & Aim: Adherence of nurses to hand hygiene is important for the prevention of healthcare-associated infections. This study aims to systematically review the existing studies that assess Iranian nurses' adherence to hand hygiene and estimate their amount with meta-analysis.
Methods & Materials: We performed a systematic search for peer-reviewed journals published from 2005 to 2018. The systematic search was conducted using both international (Google Scholar, PubMed, SCOPUS, and Web of Sciences) and Iranian databases (Scientific Information Database, IranMedex, Magiran, and MedLib). The search was carried out using a combination of the following terms: “adherence”, “compliance”, “hand hygiene”, “nurse”, “Iran”, “nursing practice”, “nursing”, and “guidelines”. The combinations of these words with Boolean operators like ‘AND’, ‘OR’ and ‘NOT’ were used.
Results:  A total of 22 articles were used in the final analyses. The pooled proportion of hand hygiene adherence was 40.5 percent [95% confidence interval [CI]: 31.1–49.8]. Sensitivity analysis confirmed that the overall estimated pooled proportion of hand hygiene adherence did not vary significantly with the elimination of any of the 22 studies, observer or self-reported hand hygiene, instrument of measurement, unit of measurements, sample size, and time.
Conclusion: The level of adherence of Iranian nurses to hand hygiene can potentially increase the chance of healthcare-associated infections and put patients and nurses at risk. Hospital and nursing managers should take practical steps to investigate factors contributing to the failure of hand hygiene adherence among nursing staff. They should ensure the continuous implementation of hand hygiene improvement strategy.
Newly hired nurses’ transitional challenges and coping with caring for schizophrenia patients in a psychiatric training hospital
Authors: Culimay Padagas Reynold , Vinnie Panuelos John , Franco Odoya Kim , Cabardo Rhencel , Pierre Louise Castro Vincent , Ann Manio Mary , Nabablit Alexandrae , Angela Papilla Mikaela
Published: October 2020

Background & Aim: This study aimed to explore the transitional challenges of newly hired psychiatric nurses in the care of clients with schizophrenia and the coping mechanisms that they use to overcome their transitional challenges.
Methods & Materials: This descriptive-qualitative study interviewed six purposively selected newly hired psychiatric nurses caring for patients with schizophrenia who work for about six months to two years in a Psychiatric Training Hospital in the Philippines.  An interview protocol was used to obtain data with strict observance of relevant ethical considerations. In determining the emerging themes and subthemes from the transcribed data with trustworthiness, thematic analysis was employed.
Results: Two major prior codes were explored, namely, transitional challenges and coping mechanisms. On the one hand, five subthemes emerged under the transitional challenges that include emotional challenges, need for professional growth, nurses’ recognition of the inability to patient care management, need support from more experienced colleagues. Experience/feel the shock in the encounter of people with a mental health condition. On the other hand, four subthemes were unearthed under coping mechanisms that include emotional responses, professional coping strategies (i.e., reliance on the adequate support system, establishing the professional nurse-patient relationship, call to professional advancement, and commitment to evidence-based practice), and institutional coping strategies.
Conclusion: While newly hired nurses experience tremendous transitional challenges, their coping mechanisms continuously emerge and develop. The nursing administration needs to foster sustainable mentoring and resilience programs essential in aiding newly hired nurses’ adaptation and adjustment to the professional work environment.
Estratégia De Tolerância A Falhas Para Um Conversor Delta-Chb Statcom Na Região De Sobremodulacão
Authors: Do Carmo Mendonça Dayane , Fagner Cupertino Allan , Augusto Pereira Heverton , Isaac Seleme Júnior Seleme , Teodorescu Remus
Published: October 2020

O conversor CHB (do inglês,cascaded H-bridge) é uma topologia popular para aplicações STATCOM (do inglês, Static Synchronous Compensator). Visto que esse conversor é composto por dezenas/centenas de componentes, preocupações relacionadas à confiabilidade são inerentes ao seu projeto. Geralmente, células redundantes são utilizadas, aumentando o custo do STATCOM. De fato, existe um potencial de operação tolerante a falhas quando a região de sobremodulação é considerada. Este trabalho explora a redundância inerente do conversor delta-CHB na região de sobremodulação. Inicialmente, uma expressão analítica para a fronteira entre a região linear e de sobremodulação é determinada e validada para diferentes condições de operação. Em seguida, a tolerância a falhas é avaliada em ambiente de simulação, considerando um estudo de caso com conversor delta-CHB STATCOM de 17 MVA/13,8 kV composto de 24 células por braço. Falhas simétricas e assimétricas são abordadas. Os resultados indicam que o conversor é capaz de operar em condições nominais após 4 falhas distribuídas nos três braços do conversor (fator de redundância de 5,5 %) sem exceder os valores de distorção harmônica recomendados.
Seleção Da Tensão De Bloqueio Ótima De Igbts Para Inversores De Frequência Baseados Em Conversor Modular Multinível
Authors: Roberto Matias Junior Paulo , Matos Farias Joao Victor , Fagner Cupertino Allan , Alves Mendonça Gabriel , Martins Stopa Marcelo , Augusto Pereira Heverton
Published: October 2020

O conversor modular multinível (CMM) é uma topologia inerentemente tolerante a falhas e uma opção interessante para acionamentos elétricos de média tensão, especialmente quando cargas quadráticas são empregadas. Para selecionar a melhor tensão de bloqueio de IGBTs, este trabalho apresenta uma metodologia de projeto e comparação de CMMs considerando a redundância necessária para atingir o requisito de confiabilidade. São comparados projetos utilizando IGBTs com tensão de bloqueio na faixa de 1,7 a 6,5 kV. A seleção é baseada em métricas de complexidade, volume, área de silício e eficiência do conversor. O uso da metodologia é exemplificado em um soprador industrial acionado por um motor de indução trifásico de 13,8 kV - 16 MW. Medições da velocidade de operação do acionamento e temperatura ambiente desse processo em uma indústria siderúrgica localizada no sudeste brasileiro são utilizadas na avaliação das perdas do conversor. Os resultados evidenciam que a classe de tensão ótima de IGBTs depende do tipo de redundância empregado. Além disso, apesar do aumento de complexidade e do número de componentes, os projetos baseados em IGBTs com menor tensão de bloqueio (1,7 e 3,3 kV) se mostram mais vantajosos devido a menores perdas, volume e área de silício.
Planning of observation sessions of the studied objects on the surface of the Earth from the Russian segment of the ISS
Authors:   RSC Energia, Esakov A.M.
Published: October 2020

A brief review of existing (handheld cameras and spectrometers) and developed (hyperspectral and infrared equipment) means of the Russian segment of the ISS for remote sensing of the Earth is given. The problem of planning Earth observation sessions from the ISS in the framework of space experiments «Uragan», «Dubrava», «Scenario» using manual and stationary equipment is considered.
Methods for designing truck haulroads based on calculation of uniquely defined route
Authors:   Voronezh State University of Engineering Technologies, Chirkov E.V. , Skrypnikov A.V. ,   Voronezh State University of Engineering Technologies, Kozlov V.G. ,   Voronezh State Agrarian University named after Emperor Peter the Great, Sablin S.Yu. ,   Voronezh State University of Engineering Technologies, Borovlev A.O. ,   Voronezh State University of Engineering Technologies
Published: October 2020

Currently, in Russia and abroad, many works are devoted to the study of design methods in the plan. Proposed several methods for alignment design of forest roads using information technologies, different objectives, ways of their solution, the nature of the geometric representation of the route and other features. The article discusses the main methods of designing logging roads based on the calculation of a uniquely defined route, which allows us to conclude that tracing is the most important stage of design and survey work, since it is the position of the route that determines the main technical and economic indicators of the projected road. This makes it necessary and expedient to conduct research and improve the technology and methods of computer-aided design of the route of logging roads using modern information technologies based on materials obtained from unmanned aerial vehicles or large-scale topographic plans in coordinates. Also, tracing methods should be linked to the accepted design technology. In turn, the choice of method and technology may depend on the specific features of the projected object: natural conditions, design stage, availability of topographic materials, etc.
Forest soil resources analysis in north-eastern Moscow region based on geoinformation technologies
Authors:   BMSTU (Mytishchi branch), Maksimova A.N. , Karminov V.N. ,   BMSTU (Mytishchi branch); Center for Forest Ecology and Productivity of the RAS; All-Russian Institute of Continuous Education in Forestry (ARICEF), Martynenko O.V. ,   All-Russian Institute of Continuous Education in Forestry (ARICEF), Ontikov P.V. ,   Roslesinforg, Centrlesproekt
Published: October 2020

The results of processing and analysis of spatial and temporal information about soils and forest stands on geoinformation technologies are presented. Spatial analysis of combined soil and forestry data showed that the most productive plantings were confined to sod-podzolic automorphic soils. In the main coniferous forest-forming species, such as European spruce and pine, when signs of hydromorphism appear, productivity significantly decreases. Among the studied plantings, the lowest-yielding ones are formed on swamp-podzolic soils. Retrospective analysis revealed a noticeable improvement in productivity and breed composition that occurred in the late 1970s and early 1980s. The assessment of the current situation shows that there is a certain reserve for increasing the productivity of existing forest stands, associated with a more effective use of the natural fertility of forest soils.
About extensive green roofs
Authors:   BMSTU (Mytishchi branch), Bochkova I.Y. , Tulush M.D. ,   BMSTU (Mytishchi branch)
Published: October 2020

There are so many things made of concrete, glass and metal in modern cities. All of this displace nature and there is no space for planting. Plants produce oxygen and clean the environment. That is why the landscaping of the roofs of buildings is a kind of compensation in landscaping. The article is about studying methods of creating extensive green roofs from the origin to nowadays. The work includes the study of historical, architectural and regulatory documents and some literary sources. It also includes some facts from the history of green roofs creation, which appeared in the 9th century, on the example of the old house of the Vikings, who lived on the territory of the Faroe Islands. There is a comparative analysis of historical and modern technologies in the article. The design features of extensive roof landscaping are considered. The study revealed modern techniques of extensive landscaping, as well as a list of plants that are resistant to roof landscaping. Recommendations for the usage of waterproof materials like bitumen roll and other are given. The modern approach to the selection of substrates for growing plants on extensive green roofs is also considered. The study revealed modern techniques of extensive landscaping, as well as a list of plants that are resistant to roofing landscaping. It has been revealed that modern materials significantly reduce the specific weight of the construction and ensure the excellent efficiency of the system and the viability of plants during the all working lifespan of the roof. They are discussed the technology of growing planting material for roof landscaping like moss or sedum mats, growing plants in pallets and multiboards, etc.
Comparative analysis of gene expression in tea plant (Camellia sinensis (L.) Kuntze) under low-temperature stress
Authors: Samarina L. S. , Matskiv A. O. , Koninskaya N. G. , Simonyan T. A. , Malyarovskaya V. I. , Malyukova L. S.
Published: October 2020

Low-temperature stress is one of the main factors limiting the distribution and reducing the yield of many subtropical crops, including the tea crop. Efficient breeding to develop frost-tolerant cultivars requires a reliable set of genetic markers for identifying resistance donors, and that is why it is necessary to reveal the specific genetic response in frost-tolerant genotypes in comparison with frost- susceptible ones. In this work, we performed a comparative analysis of the expression of 18 tea genes (ICE1, CBF1, DHN1, DHN2, DHN3, NAC17, NAC26, NAC30, bHLH7, bHLH43, P5CS, WRKY2, LOX1, LOX6, LOX7, SnRK1.1, SnRK1.2, SnRK1.3) under cold and frost conditions in two tea genotypes, tolerant and susceptible. Low-temperature stress was induced by placing the potted plants in cold chambers and lowering the temperature to 0…+2 °С for 7 days (cold stress), followed by a decrease in temperature to –4…–6 °С for 5 days (frost stress). Relative electrical conductivity of leaf was measured in response to the stress treatments, and a significant difference in the frost tolerance of the two tea genotypes was confirmed. Cold exposure did not lead to a change in the electrical conductivity of leaf tissue. On the other hand, frost treatment resulted in increased REC in both genotypes and to a greater extent in the susceptible genotype. Increased expression of all the genes was shown during cold and frost. The genes that were strongly expressed in the tolerant tea genotype were revealed: ICE1, CBF1, DHN2, NAC17, NAC26, bHLH43, WRKY2, P5CS, LOX6, SnRK1.1, SnRK1.3. These genes can be proposed as markers for the selection of frost-tolerance donors in tea germplasm collections. Additionally, it was shown that the tolerant genotype is characterized by an earlier response to stress at the stage of cold acclimation. The study of the expression of the identified genes in different organs of tea plants and in different exposures to low temperature is relevant for further investigations.
Genetic diversity of VIR Raphanus sativus L. collections on aluminum tolerance
Authors: Kurina A. B. , Kosareva I. A. , Artemyeva A. M.
Published: October 2020

Radish and small radish (Raphanus sativus L.) are popular and widely cultivated root vegetables in the world, which occupy an important place in human nutrition. Edaphic stressors have a significant impact on their productivity and quality. The main factor determining the phytotoxicity of acidic soils is the increased concentration of mobile aluminum ions in the soil solution. The accumulation of aluminum in root tissues disrupts the processes of cell division, initiation and growth of the lateral roots, the supply of plants with minerals and water. The study of intraspecific variation in aluminum resistance of R. sativus is an important stage for the breeding of these crops. The purpose of this work was to study the genetic diversity of R. sativus crops including 109 accessions of small radish and radish of various ecological and geographical origin, belonging to 23 types, 14 varieties of European, Chinese and Japanese subspecies on aluminum tolerance. In the absence of a rapid assessment methodology specialized for the species studied, a method is used to assess the aluminum resistance of cereals using an eriochrome cyanine R dye, which is based on the recovery or absence of restoration of mitotic activity of the seedlings roots subjected to shock exposure to aluminum. The effect of various concentrations on the vital activity of plants was revealed: a 66-mM concentration of AlCl3 · 6Н2О had a weak toxic effect on R. sativus accessions slowing down root growth; 83 mM contributed to a large differentiation of the small radish accessions and to a lesser extent for radish; 99 mM inhibited further root growth in 13.0 % of small radish accessions and in 7.3 % of radish and had a highly damaging effect. AlCl3 · 6Н2О at a concentration of 99 mM allowed us to identify the most tolerant small radish and radish accessions that originate from countries with a wide distribution of acidic soils. In a result, it was possible to determine the intraspecific variability of small radish and radish plants in the early stages of vegetation and to identify genotypes that are contrasting in their resistance to aluminum. We recommend the AlCl3 · 6Н2О concentration of 83 mM for screening the aluminum resistance of small radish and 99 mM for radish. The modified method that we developed is proposed as a rapid diagnosis of aluminum tolerance for the screening of a wide range of R. sativus genotypes and a subsequent study of contrasting forms during a longer cultivation of plants in hydroponic culture (including elemental analysis of roots and shoots, contrasting in resistance of accessions) as well as reactions of plants in soil conditions.
Phosphate-modified CpG oligonucleotides induce in vitro maturation of human myeloid dendritic cells
Authors: Ostanin A. A. , Leplina O. Y. , Burakova E. A. , Tyrinova T. V. , Fokina A. A. , Proskurina A. S. , Bogachev S. S. , Stetsenko D. A. , Chernykh E. R.
Published: October 2020

Myeloid dendritic cells (DCs) play an important role in the immune response; therefore, the search for compounds that can effectively activate DCs is a needful goal. This study was aimed to investigate the effect of synthetic CpG oligodeoxynucleotides (CpG-ODN) on the maturation and allostimulatory activity of myeloid DCs in comparison with other PAMP and DAMP molecules. For the research, we synthesized known CpG-ODN class C (SD-101 and D-SL03) containing thiophosphate internucleotide groups, and their original phosphate-modified analogues (SD-101M and D-SL03M) with mesylphosphoramide internucleotide groups (M = μ-modification). The effects of CpG-ODN and other activators were evaluated on DCs generated from blood monocytes in the presence of GM-CSF and IFN-α (IFN-DC) or IL-4 (IL4-DC). Evaluation of the intracellular TLR-9 expression showed that both types of DCs (IFN-DC and IL4-DC) contained on average 52 and 80 % of TLR-9-positive cells, respectively. The CpG-ODNs studied enhanced the allostimulatory activity of IFN-DCs, and the effect of μ-modified CpG-ODNs was higher than that of CpG-ODNs with thiophosphate groups. The stimulating effect of CpG-ODN at a dose of 1.0 μg/ml was comparable (for D-SL03, D-SL03M, SD-101) with or exceeded (for SD-101M) the effect of LPS at a dose of 10 μg/ml. At the same time, IFN-DCs were characterized by greater sensitivity to the action of CpG-ODNs than IL4-DCs. The enhancement of DC allostimulatory activity in the presence of CpG-ODNs was associated with the induction of final DC maturation, which was confirmed by a significant decrease in the number of CD14+DC, an increase in mature CD83+DC and a trend towards an increase in CD86+DC. Interestingly, the characteristic ability of LPS to enhance the expression of the co-stimulatory molecule OX40L on DCs was revealed only for the μ-analogue SD-101M. In addition, CpG-ODNs (SD-101 and SD-101M) had a stimulatory effect on IFN-γ production comparable to the action of LPS. The data obtained indicate a stimulating effect of CpG-ODN on the maturation and allostimulatory activity of human myeloid DCs, which is more pronounced for μ-modified analogs.
Avances en la identificación de las fuentes de arcilla explotadas por los alfareros de la costa surcentral del Perú durante la primera mitad del primer milenio a.C.: un estudio a partir del análisis por LA-ICP-MS de vasijas de cerámica de Puerto Nuevo y m
Authors: Dulanto Jalh , Druc Isabelle , Dussubieux Laure , Guadalupe Enrique , Rey de Castro Alejandro
Published: October 2020

En este artículo presentamos nuestros avances en el estudio comparativo de la composición química de una muestra representativa de fragmentos de vasijas de cerámica de Puerto Nuevo y de arcillas de los valles de Pisco e Ica. Con esto buscamos identificar las fuentes explotadas por los alfareros que elaboraron las vasijas de cerámica usadas y desechadas en este sitio. De esta manera buscamos contribuir a la comprensión de las complejas interacciones sociales en las que estuvieron involucradas las poblaciones de la costa sur durante la primera mitad del primer milenio antes de nuestra era. Mostramos de qué maneras un estudio minucioso de los rasgos tecnológicos, morfológicos y decorativos de las vasijas, junto con un examen detallado de sus pastas —en el que se combina el análisis de la composición mineral (con lupa digital de cortes frescos y con microscopio petrográfico de láminas delgadas) y el análisis de la composición química (por LA-ICP-MS) — permiten acercarnos a estos objetivos.
Caracterizando la cerámica de Cerro de Oro por espectroscopía Mössbauer y difracción de rayos-X
Authors: Fernandini Parodi Francesca , Trujillo Quinde Alejandro , Mejía Santillán Mirian , Cuadros Gómez Silvana
Published: October 2020

Este trabajo analiza la pasta de 17 muestras de cerámica obtenidas de los trabajos de investigación del Proyecto Arqueológico Cerro de Oro, en el sitio del mismo nombre. Los análisis utilizan la técnica de espectroscopía Mössbauer, con el propósito de obtener un avance en la caracterización de ciertas particularidades de la pasta cerámica empleada, particularmente consistencia de la arcilla y tener información básica que nos permita en un futuro identificar la temperatura de cocción. Asimismo, cinco de estas muestras fueron analizadas vía la técnica de difracción por rayos X, con la intención de complementar la información obtenida por espectroscopía Mössbauer, particularmente con relación a los tipos de arcilla. Esta caracterización explorará la consistencia observada en la cerámica Cerro de Oro «típica», y las posibles agrupaciones internas, así como las particularidades de la cerámica «atípica», indagando sobre su posible origen foráneo.
¿Son las cooperativas agrarias posibles? La experiencia de Shambillo a partir de la implementación del Proyecto de Desarrollo Alternativo
Authors: Hernando Daniel
Published: October 2020

Este artículo presenta un análisis sobre los factores que favorecieron la transición de agricultores en Shambillo desde una economía ilegal sustentada en la hoja de coca a otra basada en el cultivo de palma aceitera en el marco de la intervención del Proyecto de Desarrollo Alternativo (PDA) y que resultó en la formación de la Asociación de Palmicultores de Shambillo (ASPASH). En el Perú, las experiencias exitosas de organizaciones agrarias son contadas. El presente trabajo toma uno de estos casos y analiza los factores que, desde la perspectiva de la población, contribuyeron a su funcionamiento. Esta investigación argumenta que la experiencia de riesgo con el cultivo de coca y el interés de actores locales con prestigio en formar parte del PDA permitieron superar la desconfianza y formar ASPASH. Luego de más de quince años de trayectoria, encontramos una organización agricultora amazónica que ha transformado la vida de sus socios y que a su vez compite con otras organizaciones y empresas en el rubro de agroindustrias en la Amazonia. Este artículo es una primera aproximación para entender el panorama sobre el que se ha dado este tipo de proyectos y los factores que jugaron en su implementación.
El Estado, el diálogo y la transformación de los conflictos socioambientales
Authors: Castro Augusto
Published: October 2020

El artículo plantea los vínculos necesarios que deben existir entre el Estado y el diálogo. Se propone que el Estado es el espacio de diálogo por excelencia y para ello el texto se apoya en la naturaleza ética que es inherente a la constitución del Estado. El Estado, además, representa una perspectiva estratégica y de futuro para la vida humana en el mundo que se expresa y funda en asuntos tan importantes como la igualdad, el reconocimiento y la democracia. Esta reflexión del Estado tiene como interés recolocar el rol del Estado frente a sus dificultades y límites concretos por convertirse en un verdadero espacio de diálogo. El artículo revisa las características que todo diálogo debe tener teniendo en cuenta las características de los conflictos, y en especial de los sociales y ambientales, y a su proceso de su transformación. Se insiste en el papel de apertura, de comunicación abierta y de negociación permanente que se debe tener para enfrentar los desafíos que plantea la sociedad y el medio ambiente. El artículo finalmente, busca revisar ideas y conceptos vinculados al dialogo, busca redefinir criterios y plantear la necesidad de construir capacidades y políticas públicas para enfrentar adecuadamente los desafíos y conflictos que se presentan.
Pemberian Asam Format Menurunkan Berat Badan, Tebal Mukosa, dan Diameter Lumen Usus Halus Ayam Kampung
Authors: Cahyani Ni Kadek Devi , Adi Anak Agung Ayu Mirah , Winaya Ida Bagus Oka
Published: October 2020

Asam format merupakan asam organik yang sering digunakan sebagai alternatif pengganti antibiotik. Asam format dipilih karena memiliki kelarutan yang baik di dalam air dan memiliki efek bakterisida. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui pengaruh pemberian asam format dalam air minum terhadap kenaikan bobot badan, tebal membrana mukosa dan diameter lumen usus halus. Penelitian ini menggunakan ayam kampung berumur satu hari (day old chick) sebanyak 18 ekor yang dibagi menjadi tiga perlakuan. Pada perlakuan PO, ayam diberikan air minum dengan pH 7,0 (tanpa asam format), pada P1 ayam diberikan air minum dengan pH 2,5 (mengandung asam format) dan pada P2 ayam diberikan air minum dengan pH 3,5 (mengandung asam format). Masing-masing perlakuan terdiri dari enam ekor ayam sebagai ulangan (n). Setelah diberi perlakuan selama enam minggu, ayam dikorbankan nyawanya kemudian dilakukan nekropsi. Jaringan usus halus diambil dan dibuat preparat histopatologi dengan teknik Hematoksilin Eosin (HE), kemudian diperiksa perubahan histopatologinya. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan pH asam format berpengaruh nyata terhadap bobot badan ayam kampung dan menunjukkan bobot badan dari tinggi ke rendah yaitu PO, P2 dan terendah pada P1. Hasil penelitian juga menunjukkan pH asam format tidak berpengaruh nyata terhadap tebal mukosa duodenum, diameter lumen duodenum dan diameter lumen ileum, namun berpengaruh nyata terhadap tebal mukosa ileum. Simpulannya adalah pH air minum terbaik untuk pertumbuhan dan perkembangan histologi duodenum dan ileum adalah pada pH 7,0.
Development of English language communicative skills in senior preschool children
Authors: Chistyakova Margarita V. , Shadrinа Liudmila G.
Published: October 2020

The study is devoted to the problem of teaching English to children of senior preschool age. We emphasize the need for the correct choice of means of communicative skills development of senior preschoolers. Game is the leading mean of language teaching at this age. However, the main method of teaching is recognized as a sample of adult speech and repeated repetitions of the sample, memorizing words and phrases after the teacher. We make an attempt to find the most optimal ways to develop English speech skills of preschool children. The authors’ own suggestions are based on a survey of children that was conducted as part of the ascertaining stage of the experiment. The ascertaining experiment consisted in determining the initial level of speech skills development of senior preschoolers in the field of English. The survey of speech skills of senior preschoolers included the study of two main components: listening and speaking in English. We describe the level of language proficiency of children of the preparatory school group. Diagnostics showed that about half of the children are at an insufficient level of understanding of English speech and communication in English. Experimental training provided for the definition of a system of games for preschoolers, creating special conditions for understanding the features of the English language. The use of specially selected games in teaching English allowed children to develop the ability to create independent statements on various topics, choose words, build phrases for the implementation of statements, and increase motivation to learn English.
A study of the level of professional image of future foreign language teachers in Ukrainian universities
Authors: Nenko Yuliia , Sytnik Tetiana , Orlova Olena
Published: October 2020

The article addresses the problem of development of the professional image of a foreign language teacher in Ukraine. The present study was contemplated to ascertain the attitude of university students in Ukraine towards the studied notion and reveal the level of its formation. The structure of the professional image of future foreign language teachers consist of several underlying constructs which have been described in the paper: cognitive, axiological and operational components. Results show that Ukrainian teachers-to-be held different perceptions to the notion of professional image of a foreign language teacher. The purpose of this survey is to provide suggestion of organizational, personal and pedagogical conditions to facilitate the development of professional image of future foreign language teachers in Ukrainian higher education institutions.
Investigating the Relationship between City Districts and Sports Clubs Frequency in Shiraz City in 2020
Authors: Ardaneh Mahdieh , Amiri-Ardekani Ehsan
Published: October 2020

It has been shown that assessing the capacity and quality of sports equipment is important to develop a better understanding of sport participation. Different organizations are involved in the provision of sports products and services. In this regard, policymakers need to design a framework to give people more access to sports facilities. It appears that geographical access to such facilities can affect differences in sport participation around the globe. In this study, Shiraz city districts and the Shiraz sports clubs list were collected. The list of sports clubs was matched with Shiraz districts in March 2020. The significance of the relationship between area, the population of each region, per capita construction budget, frequency of clubs, green area, number of parks, population to number of club’s ratio, and area to the number of club’s ratio indicators and the number of sports clubs were analyzed by SPSS version 22 Using the Spearman correlation coefficient test. There were statistically significant relationships between district and population of each region, District and sports club, District and Population to the number of clubs, area and green area, per capita construction budget and the number of parks, per capita construction budget and population of each region (p<0.05 for all). A significant correlation between the districts and the Population to the number of club’s ratio shows that there is no proper distribution of sports facilities in different urban areas. For this reason, in some areas, people may not have adequate access to sports facilities. Also, a significant correlation was observed between total area and green area, per capita construction budget and the number of parks and Per capita construction budget and the population of each region. So, the health level of the people who live in undeveloped districts is endangered and more attention should be paid to them.
Assessing Current Seismic Hazard in Irpinia Forty Years after the 1980 Earthquake Merging Historical Seismicity and Satellite Data about Recent Ground Movements
Authors: Pombino Aldo , Bernardini Filippo , Farolfi Gregorio
Published: October 2020

The Apennine sector formed by Sannio and Irpinia is one of the most important seismic districts in Italy, representing a good case of study due to the plenty of recorded earthquakes that have therein occurred from Roman times up to nowadays. We have merged the historical record and the new satellite techniques that allow a precise determination of ground movements, and then derived physical dimensions like strain rate. In this way, we have verified that in Irpinia the hazard of new strong shocks forty years after one of the strongest known seismic events in the district is still high. This aspect must be considered very important from many points of view, particularly for Civil Protection plans, as well as civil engineering and urban planning development.
Selecting Principal Attributes in Multimodal Remote Sensing for Sea Ice Characterization
Authors: Khachatrian Eduard , Chlaily Saloua , Eltoft Torbjørn , Marinoni Andrea
Published: October 2020

Automatic ice charting can not be achieved using only SAR modalities. It is fundamental to combine information from other remote sensors with different characteristics for more reliable sea ice characterization. In this paper, we employ principal feature analysis (PFA) to select significant information from multimodal remote sensing data. PFA is a simple yet very effective approach that can be applied to several types of data without loss of physical interpretability. Considering that different homogeneous regions require different types of information, we perform the selection patch-wise. Accordingly, by exploiting the spatial information, we increase the robustness and accuracy of PFA.
Striving for Being in the Line of Life: Personal Active Ageing Strategies among Iranian Elder
Authors: raeesi dehkordi fatemeh , Eslami Ahmad Ali , Zamani Alavijeh Fereshteh , Matlabi Hossein
Published: October 2020

Background: Active ageing is a multidimensional, relative, and context-dependent concept with different paths and outcomes. The purpose of this qualitative study was to explore personal active ageing strategies in a specific context. Method: Following a directed content analyze procedure, we conduct semi structured individual interview with 39 elder (men and women) between the ages of 60-97 years that selected with purposeful sampling .data collection and analysis were concurrent. We analyzed the data from interviews, written narratives, and field notes using directed content analyze. The Reliability of data was fulfilled in accordance Lincoln and Guba criteria. We stopped data collection when no new concept was added and data saturation occurred. Results: Based on the experience of elders, we identified 5 categories: 1) Preventive 2) Coping 3) Internal self-control 4) Coherence maintenance strategies 5) Opportunity exploiting strategies. These described the active ageing strategies when encountering with age related change. Utilizing these strategies, the elder accompanied the life time. Conclusion: The finding suggests that active ageing is a continuous process in confronting age related change. The identified strategies can help to promote active ageing by familiarizing older with opportunities of life and training them in how to use these strategies.