bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Malignant solitary fibrous tumor of urinary bladder: A rare clinical entity
Authors: Kratiras Zisis , Spapis Vasileios , Koniaris Efthymios , Kozyrakis Diomidis , Skriapas Konstantinos
Published: July 2019

Solitary Fibrous Tumors (SFTs) are mesenchymal tumors occurring in several sites. Urinary bladder SFTs are quite rare. Eighteen cases are described in the literature and only two of them had malignant features. SFTs comprise a histologic spectrum of mesenchymal neoplasms that show fibroblastic differentiation. The signs and symptoms are non specific. Immunohistochemistry plays a pivotal role in the diagnosis, differentiating SFTs from other spindle cell mesenchymal tumors. Malignant criteria are considered the large size, increased mitotic activity, focal necrosis or hemorrhage, nuclear atypia, hypercellularity and infiltrative margins. Clinical and biological behavior of bladder SFTs is usually not aggressive but cannot be safely predicted based on the pathologic features. Complete surgical resection is the cornerstone of treatment. We present the third bladder SFT case with malignant features and a mini literature review.
Prostatic calcifications are associated with a more severe symptom burden in men with type II chronic bacterial prostatitis
Authors: Stamatiou Konstantinos , Magri Vittorio , Perletti Gianpaolo , Trinchieri Alberto , Lacroix Richard , Rekleiti Nektaria , Moschouris Hippocrates
Published: July 2019

Introduction/Aim: Although prostatic calculi/calcifications are encountered frequently in the urological practice, little is known about the incidence of such lesions, their mechanism of formation, their relationship to other prostate conditions and their clinical significance. The purpose of this study is to describe the characteristics and to investigate the clinical significance of prostatic calcifications (PCs) in patients with chronic bacterial prostatitis (CBP). Materials and methods: This study was conducted between 01/02/2013 and 20/02/2018. The patient population for this study included subjects with or without PCs and a confirmed diagnosis of NIH category II Chronic Bacterial Prostatitis (CBP). Demographics and clinical history of each assessed patient were reviewed. Eligible patients underwent prostatic ultrasound with post-void residual measurement, and the Meares-Stamey “4-glass” test. Symptom severity was measured using the National Institutes of Health Chronic Prostatitis Symptom Index (NIH-CPSI) and the International Prostatic Symptoms Score (IPSS). Antimicrobials were administered to confirmed cases of CBP according to the results of susceptibility tests. After four weeks off-therapy, the NIH-CPSI and IPSS tests were repeated. Variables were compared between patients with and without prostatic calcifications. Results: Ninety-five CBP patients were included in the study. According to the presence of PCs detected by ultrasound examination, patients were divided into two groups: 41 had PCs (group 1) and 54 didn’t (group 2). No significant between-group baseline differences were found regarding age, marital status, prostate volume, the proportion of common CBP pathogens. Concerning highrisk sexual behavior, a significantly higher number of men with PCs practiced anal penetration. Moreover, a significantly higher number of men with PCs had a history of chronic prostatitis relapsing episodes. Microbiological eradication and the complete resolution of clinical symptoms occurred in similar proportions between the two groups. However, intergroup analysis resulted in significantly higher scores of the NIH-CPSI test in group 1, both at the pre-therapy and at the post-therapy time points. Conversely, no IPSS score differences between groups 1 and 2 were found at both pre- and post-therapy time points. Conclusions: Prostatic calcifications do not seem to influence the microbiological outcome of antibacterial treatment. However, the CBP symptoms appear to be more severe in carriers of prostatic calcifications, either before or after antibacterial therapy.
Comparison between “In-bore” MRI guided prostate biopsy and standard ultrasound guided biopsy in the patient with suspicious prostate cancer: Preliminary results
Authors: D’Agostino Daniele , Mineo Bianchi Federico , Romagnoli Daniele , Corsi Paolo , Giampaoli Marco , Schiavina Riccardo , Brunocilla Eugenio , Artibani Walter , Porreca Angelo
Published: July 2019

Objectives: To evaluate the detection rate of prostate cancer (PCa) in patients who underwent to “in bore” Magnetic Resonance Imaging -guided prostate (MRI-GB) biopsy compared to the standard transrectal ultrasound guided prostate biopsy (TRUS-GB). Materials and methods: Between January 2017 and March 2015 a cohort of 39 consecutive patients was prospectively enrolled. All the patients underwent an "in-bore" guided MRI prostatic biopsy and subsequently ultrasound-guided standard prostate biopsy. Results: Median age of patients was 65.5 years (SD ± 6.6), median total PSA serum level was 6.6 ng/ml (SD ± 4.1), median prostate total volume was 51.1 cc (SD ± 26.7). Thirty of 39 (76.9%) were biopsy-naïve patients while 7/39 (17.9%) had at least one previous negative random TRUS-GB; 2/39 (5.1%) patients were already diagnosed as PCa and were on active surveillance. In 18/39 (53.8%) men Pca was diagnosed; as regards the MRI-GB results related to the PI-RADS score, biopsies of PIRADS 3 lesions were positive in 5/18 cases (27.8%), while the number of positive cases of PI-RADS 4 and 5 lesions was 7/11 (63.6%) and 6/10 (60%)respectively. At the histological examination, 4/39 (10.3%) had a PCa ISUP grade group 1, 11/39 (28.2%) had a ISUP 2, 6/39(15.4%) had a ISUP grade group 3 and 2/39 (5.1%) had a ISUP 4-5. Conclusions: MRI-GB represents a promising technique that may offer some of advantages compared to standard systematic TRUSGB. Our preliminary experience in MRI-GB resulted safe and feasible and represents a viable procedure for the diagnosis and characterization of PCa.
Milczenie i słowo w dialogu ekumenicznym
Authors: Składanowski Marcin
Published: July 2019

Analiza dokumentów dialogowych wskazuje na to, że istnieją ważne obszary tematyczne, które nie są w nich poruszane lub też, dość często, są poruszane w sposób fragmentaryczny, tak aby bardziej zaakcentować istniejące zbieżności niż skalę i konsekwencje rozbieżności. Dotyczy to zarówno pewnych kontrowersji dogmatycznych, jak też zagadnień etycznych. Milczenie w dialogu ekumenicznym jest zatem ambiwalentne: może być wyrazem oczekiwania na dalszy postęp tego dialogu i przezwyciężenie trudności, ale może również być próbą uchylenia się od kwestii najtrudniejszych i ich oceny. Tak zarysowany kontekst wyznacza cel tej krótkiej refleksji teologicznoekumenicznej, podejmującej kwestie milczenia i słowa w dialogu ekumenicznym. Najpierw warto przyjrzeć się milczeniu – temu, o czym i w jaki sposób milczy się w dialogu ekumenicznym. Następnie można przypatrzeć się charakterystyce ekumenicznego słowa.

Silence and Word in the Ecumenical Dialogue
An analysis of dialogue documents indicates that there are important thematic areas that are not addressed in them or, quite often, are addressed in a fragmented way, so as to more accentuate existing convergences than the scale and consequences of discrepancies. This applies to both certain dogmatic controversies and ethical issues. Silence in the ecumenical dialogue is therefore ambivalent. It can be an expression of expectations for further progress of this dialogue and overcoming difficulties, but it can also be an attempt to evade the most difficult issues and their assessment. It is the context which sets the goal of this brief theological-ecumenical reflection. The article addresses the issues of silence and word in the ecumenical dialogue. Firstly, it proposes some ways of interpreting „ecumenical silence”. Secondly, it presents the characteristics of the „ecumenical word”.
Dwóch Świadków Chrystusa w historii egzegezy (Ap 11,3-13)
Authors: Żarnowski Robert
Published: July 2019

Artykuł prezentuje przegląd historycznych propozycji identyfikacji tajemniczych Dwóch Świadków z Ap 11,3-13. Problem ten był wielokrotnie podejmowany w historii egzegezy, czego rezultatem jest bardzo duża ilość proponowanych rozwiązań o rozległym zakresie tematycznym. W celu uporządkowania danych, zebrane propozycje zostały podzielone na cztery grupy – interpretacje odnoszące się do Starego Testamentu, Nowego Testamentu, identyfikacje pozabiblijne i identyfikacje symboliczne. W ramach każdej z grup zaprezentowano po kilka propozycji oraz podstawowe argumenty wysuwane przez poszczególnych badaczy. Odnotowano również fakt, że tak duża ilość proponowanych interpretacji powoduje, że zwięzłe zaprezentowanie całości zagadnienia jest bardzo trudne i już na wstępie konieczne jest zawężenie zakresu badań. Ostatecznie jednak symboliczny sposób interpretowania tekstu perykopy wydaje się najwłaściwszy.

The Two Witnesses of Christ in the history of exegesis (Rev 11,3-13)

The article presents a review of historic proposals for the identification of the mysterious Two Witnesses from Rev 11,3-13. This problem has been repeatedly undertaken in the history of exegesis, which results in a very large number of proposed solutions with a wide thematic scope. In order to organize the data, the proposals were divided into four groups – interpretations referring to the Old Testament and to the New Testament, extra-biblical identifications and symbolic identifications. In each group were presented several proposals and basic arguments put forward by individual researchers. It has also been noted that such a large number of proposed interpretations makes it difficult to present the whole issue concisely and very thoroughly, and therefore at the outset it is necessary to narrow the scope of research. In conclusion, the symbolic way of interpreting the text seems to be the most appropriate.
Rola Ducha Świętego w zbawczym wydarzeniu Jezusa Chrystusa
Authors: Ptak Robert
Published: July 2019

Rola Ducha Świętego w zbawczym wydarzeniu Jezusa Chrystusa wskazuje na Jego stałe i dynamiczne działanie. Duch Święty mówi o Jezusie jako umiłowanym Synu Ojca, z którym stanowi jedno. Objawienie zaś, które przynosi Jezus o swoim Ojcu, osiąga swoją pełnię w objawieniu Ducha Świętego, jako odwiecznej więzi miłości między Ojcem i Synem. Duch Święty objawia całą tajemnicę Chrystusa i daje nam poznać swoją rolę w życiu i misji Jezusa. Wyraźnie można dostrzec to w następujących wydarzeniach: wcielenie, nawiedzenie, ofiarowanie w świątyni, duchowy rozwój, chrzest w Jordanie, kuszenie na pustyni, przepowiadanie, śmierć na krzyżu i zmartwychwstanie.

The role of the Holy Spirit in the salvific event of Jesus Christ

The role of the Holy Spirit in the salvific event of Jesus Christ points to His constant and dynamic action. The Holy Spirit speaks of Jesus as the beloved Son of the Father, with whom he is one. The revelation that Jesus brings about his Father reaches its fullness in the revelation of the Holy Spirit as the eternal bond of love between the Father and the Son. The Holy Spirit revels the whole mystery of Christ and gives us an insight onto his role in the life and mission of Jesus. This can be clearly seen in the following events: incarnation, visitation, offering in the temple, spiritual development, baptism in the Jordan, temptation in the desert, preaching, death on the cross and resurrection.
Sposoby walki z Kościołem w PRL w latach czterdziestych i pięćdziesiątych XX wieku
Authors: Chmielecki Piotr ,   Katolicki Uniwersytet Lubelski Jana Pawła II, Aleje Racławickie 14, Lublin
Published: July 2019

Nowa władza w powojennej Polsce na wszelki sposób starała się usunąć obecność Kościoła z życia publicznego albo przynajmniej ją marginalizować. Rządzący traktowali partię i państwo z jednej oraz Kościół z drugiej strony jako dwa odrębne byty. Uznanie praw Kościoła i ludzi wierzących miało charakter koncesyjny, traktowano je jako przywilej udzielony przez suwerena, czyli państwo i partię. Wyraźnie została zaznaczona nadrzędność państwa, jego charakteru ideologicznego i jego funkcji władczych. Ograniczenia działalności Kościoła przez władze komunistyczne można podzielić na dwa okresy: do 1956 roku, gdzie represje i prześladowania miały charakter bardziej otwarty i bezpardonowy oraz te następujące po przejęciu sterów rządowych przez Władysława Gomułkę. W pierwszym okresie odnajdujemy np. pozbawienie Kościoła praw majątkowych, upaństwowienie Caritas, dekret o obsadzaniu duchownych stanowisk kościelnych, wreszcie aresztowanie i więzienie kardynała Wyszyńskiego. Natomiast w czasie rządów Gomułki m.in. nauka religii zaczęła być usuwana ze szkół, zaprzestano udzielania zezwoleń na budowę nowych kościołów, ograniczono liczbę dni wolnych od pracy, które miały za podstawę święta kościelne.

The ways of fighting against the Church in Polish People’s Republic (PRL) in the 40s and 50s of the 20th century

The new authority in post-war Poland was trying to remove or at least to minimise the presence of Church in the public life in every way. The politicians were treating the party and the country on the one hand and the Church on the other hand as two separate beings. The acknowledgment of Church and Christian rights had a licensing character, treated as a privilege provided by the sovereign, in other words by the country or the party. The superiority of the country was clearly marked, its ideological character and function of management. The Church limitation by the communist state can be divided into two periods: up to the year 1956 where repressions and persecutions were more open and ruthless and those after taking the governmental reigns by Władysław Gomułka. In the first period we find deprivation of Church property rights, nationalization of ‘Caritas’, the decree of taking the clerical positions in the Church, finally the arrest and the imprisonment of cardinal Wyszyński. While the reigns of Władysław Gomułka, among others, religious education was withdrawn from schools, permissions for new churches building were not given, public holidays based on Church holiday were reduced.
Sprawozdanie z sympozjum naukowego Na progu słowa. Odkryć na nowo sens milczenia, Kraków, 25 maja 2019 roku
Authors: Poleszak Leszek
Published: July 2019

W dniu 25 maja 2019 roku w Krakowie odbyło się sympozjum zorganizowane przez Katedrę Ekumenizmu Wydziału Teologicznego Uniwersytetu Papieskiego Jana Pawła II w Krakowie oraz przez Wyższe Seminarium Misyjne Księży Sercanów w Stadnikach, poświęcone tematowi: Na progu słowa. Odkryć na nowo sens milczenia.
DNA methylation of the PLIN1 promoter downregulates expression in chicken lines
Authors: Sun Yuhang , Li Rui , Zhai Guiying , Zhang Xinyang , Wang Yuxiang
Published: July 2019

Abstract. Evidence suggests that Perilipin-1 (PLIN1) is subject to functional regulation by epigenetic modifications in women with obesity. However, whether chicken PLIN1 expression is regulated by DNA methylation is unknown. Here, Sequenom MassARRAY and real-time polymerase chain reaction (PCR) were conducted to analyze the promoter methylation status and expression of the PLIN1 gene in Northeast Agricultural University broiler lines divergently selected for abdominal fat content. We found that chicken PLIN1 expression was significantly higher in adipose tissue of fat-line broilers than in lean lines at 1–7 weeks of age, and was significantly positively correlated with abdominal fat percentage (AFP) in chicken adipose development (Pearson's r=0.627, P<0.001). The region analyzed for DNA methylation was from −12 to −520 bp upstream of the translation start codon ATG, and had five CpG sites, where only the DNA methylation levels of CpG5 located at position −490 bp were significantly higher in lean compared to fat chickens at 5 and 6 weeks (P<0.05) and were significantly negatively correlated with PLIN1 mRNA levels and AFP (P<0.05). These results shed new light on the regulation of hypertrophic growth in chicken adipose development.
Land cover and its transformation in the backward trajectory footprint region of the Amazon Tall Tower Observatory
Authors: Pöhlker Christopher , Walter David , Paulsen Hauke , Könemann Tobias , Rodríguez-Caballero Emilio , Moran-Zuloaga Daniel , Brito Joel , Carbone Samara , Degrendele Céline , Després Viviane R. , Ditas Florian , Holanda Bruna A. , Kaiser Johannes W. , Lammel Gerhard , Lavrič Jošt V. , Ming Jing , Pickersgill Daniel , Pöhlker Mira L. , Praß Maria , Löbs Nina , Saturno Jorge , Sörgel Matthias , Wang Qiaoqiao , Weber Bettina , Wolff Stefan , Artaxo Paulo , Pöschl Ulrich , Andreae Meinrat O.
Published: July 2019

Abstract. The Amazon rain forest experiences the combined pressures from human-made
deforestation and progressing climate change, causing severe and potentially
disruptive perturbations of the ecosystem's integrity and stability. To
intensify research on critical aspects of Amazonian biosphere–atmosphere
exchange, the Amazon Tall Tower Observatory (ATTO) has been established in
the central Amazon Basin. Here we present a multi-year analysis of backward
trajectories to derive an effective footprint region of the observatory,
which spans large parts of the particularly vulnerable eastern basin.
Further, we characterize geospatial properties of the footprint regions,
such as climatic conditions, distribution of ecoregions, land cover
categories, deforestation dynamics, agricultural expansion, fire regimes,
infrastructural development, protected areas, and future
deforestation scenarios. This study is meant to be a resource and reference
work, helping to embed the ATTO observations into the larger context of
human-caused transformations of Amazonia. We conclude that the chances to
observe an unperturbed rain forest–atmosphere exchange at the ATTO site will likely decrease
in the future, whereas the atmospheric signals from human-made and climate-change-related forest perturbations will increase in frequency and
intensity.
Impact of anthropogenic emissions on biogenic secondary organic aerosol: Observation in the Pearl River Delta, South China
Authors: Zhang Yu-Qing , Chen Duo-Hong , Ding Xiang , Li Jun , Zhang Tao , Wang Jun-Qi , Cheng Qian , Jiang Hao , Song Wei , Ou Yu-Bo , Ye Peng-Lin , Zhang Gan , Wang Xin-Ming
Published: July 2019

Abstract. Secondary organic aerosol (SOA) formation from biogenic precursors is affected by anthropogenic emissions, which is not well understood in polluted areas. In the study, we accomplished a year-round campaign at nine sites in the polluted areas located in Pearl River Delta (PRD) region during 2015. We measured typical biogenic SOA (BSOA) tracers from isoprene, monoterpenes, and β-caryophyllene as well as major gaseous and particulate pollutants and investigated the impact of anthropogenic pollutants on BSOA formation. The concentrations of BSOA tracers were in the range of 45.4 to 109 ng m−3 with the majority composed of products from monoterpenes (SOAM, 47.2 ± 9.29 ng m−3), followed by isoprene (SOAI, 23.1 ± 10.8 ng m−3), and β-caryophyllene (SOAC, 3.85 ± 1.75 ng m−3). We found that atmospheric oxidants, Ox (O3 plus NO2), and sulfate correlated well with high-generation SOAM tracers, but not so for first-generation SOAM products. This suggested that high Ox and sulfate could promote the formation of high-generation SOAM products, which probably led to relatively aged SOAM we observed in the PRD. For the SOAI tracers, not only 2-methylglyceric acid (NO/NO2-channel product), but also the ratio of 2-methylglyceric acid to 2-methyltetrols (HO2-channel products) exhibit NOx dependence, indicating the significant impact of NOx on SOAI formation pathways. The SOAC tracer elevated in winter at all sites and positively correlated with levoglucosan, Ox, and sulfate. Thus, the unexpected increase of SOAC in wintertime might be highly associated with the enhancement of biomass burning, atmospheric oxidation capacity and sulfate components in the PRD. The BSOAs that were estimated by the SOA tracer approach showed the highest concentration in fall and the lowest concentration in spring with an annual average concentration of 1.68 ± 0.40 μg m−3. SOAM dominated the BSOA mass all year round. We also found that BSOA correlated well with sulfate and Ox. This implicated the significant effects of anthropogenic pollutants on BSOA formation and highlighted that we could reduce the BSOA through controlling on the anthropogenic emissions of sulfate and Ox precursors in polluted regions.
Towards verifying CH4 emissions from hard coal mines using mobile sun-viewing Fourier transform spectrometry
Authors: Luther Andreas , Kleinschek Ralph , Scheidweiler Leon , Defratyka Sara , Stanisavljevic Mila , Forstmaier Andreas , Dandocsi Alexandru , Wolff Sebastian , Dubravica Darko , Wildmann Norman , Kostinek Julian , Jöckel Patrick , Nickl Anna-Leah , Klausner Theresa , Hase Frank , Frey Matthias , Chen Jia , Dietrich Florian , Nęcki Jarosław , Swolkień Justyna , Fix Andreas , Roiger Anke , Butz André
Published: July 2019

Abstract. Methane (CH4) emissions from coal production are one of the primary sources of anthropogenic CH4 in the atmosphere. Poland is the largest hard coal producer in the European Union with the Polish side of the Upper Silesian Coal Basin (USCB) as the main part of it. Emission estimates for CH4 from the USCB for individual coal mine ventilation shafts range between 0.03 kt/a and 20 kt/a, amounting to a basin total of roughly 440 kt/a according to the European Pollutant Release and Transfer Register (E-PRTR, http://prtr.ec.europa.eu/, 2014). We mounted a ground-based, portable, sun-viewing FTS (Fourier Transform Spectrometer) on a truck for sampling coal mine ventilation plumes by driving cross-sectional stop-and-go Patterns at 1 to 3 km distance to the exhaust shafts. Using a mass balance approach, several of these transects allowed for estimating CH4 emissions based on the observed enhancements of the column-averaged dry-air mole fractions of methane (XCH4). Our resulting emission estimates range from 6 ± 1 kt/a for a single shaft up to 109 ± 33 kt/a for a subregion of the USCB, which is in broad agreement with the E-PRTR reports. Three wind lidars were deployed in the larger USCB region providing ancillary information about spatial and temporal variability of wind and turbulence in the atmospheric boundary-layer. Sensitivity studies show that, despite drawing from the three wind lidars, the uncertainty of the local wind dominates the uncertainty of the emission estimates, by far exceeding errors related to the XCH4 measurements itself. Wind-related relative errors on the emission estimates typically amount to 20 %.
Observing geometry effects on a GNSS based water vapor tomography solved by Least Squares and by Compressive Sensing
Authors: Heublein Marion , Bradley Patrick Erik , Hinz Stefan
Published: July 2019

Abstract. In this work, the effect of the observing geometry on the tomographic reconstruction quality of both a regularized Least Squares (LSQ) and a Compressive Sensing (CS) approach for neutrospheric water vapor tomography is compared based on synthetic Global Navigation Satellite System (GNSS) Slant Wet Delay (SWD) estimates. In this context, the term observing geometry mainly refers to the number of GNSS sites situated within a specific study area subdivided into a certain number of volumetric pixels (voxels) and to the number of signal directions available at each GNSS site. The novelties of this research are 1) the comparison of the observing geometry’s effects on the tomographic reconstruction accuracy when using LSQ resp. CS for the solution of the tomographic system and 2) the investigation of the effect of the signal directions’ variability on the tomographic reconstruction. The tomographic reconstruction is performed based on synthetic SWD data sets generated, for many samples of various observing geometry settings, based on wet refractivity information from the Weather Research and Forecasting (WRF) model. The validation of the achieved results focuses on a comparison of the refractivity estimates with the input WRF refractivities. The results show that the recommendation of Champollion et al. (2004) to discretize the analyzed study area into voxels with horizontal sizes comparable to the mean GNSS inter site distance represents a good rule of thumb for both LSQ and CS based tomography solutions. In addition, this research shows that CS needs a variety of at least 15 signal directions per site in order to estimate the refractivity field more accurately and more precisely than LSQ. Therefore, the use of CS is particularly recommended for water vapor tomography applications for which a high number of multi-GNSS SWD estimates are available.
Carbon–water flux coupling under progressive drought
Authors: Boese Sven , Jung Martin , Carvalhais Nuno , Teuling Adriaan J. , Reichstein Markus
Published: July 2019

Abstract. Water-use efficiency (WUE), defined as the ratio of carbon assimilation over evapotranspiration (ET), is a key metric to assess ecosystem functioning in response to environmental conditions. It remains unclear which factors control this ratio during periods of extended water limitation. Here, we used dry-down events occurring at eddy-covariance flux tower sites in the FLUXNET database as natural experiments to assess if and how decreasing soil-water availability modifies WUE at ecosystem scale. WUE models were evaluated by their performance to predict ET from both the gross primary productivity (GPP), which characterizes carbon assimilation at ecosystem scale, and environmental variables. We first compared two water-use efficiency models: the first was based on the concept of a constant underlying water-use efficiency, and the second augmented the first with a previously detected direct influence of radiation on transpiration. Both models predicting ET strictly from atmospheric covariates failed to reproduce observed ET dynamics for these periods, as they did not explicitly account for the effect of soil-water limitation. We demonstrate that an ET-attenuating soil-water-availability factor in junction with the additional radiation term was necessary to accurately predict ET flux magnitudes and dry-down lengths of these water-limited periods. In an analysis of the attenuation of ET for the 31 included FLUXNET sites, up to 50 % of the observed decline in ET was due to the soil-water-availability effect we identified in this study. We conclude by noting that the rates of ET decline differ significantly between sites with different vegetation and climate types and discuss the dependency of this rate on the variability of seasonal dryness.
Organic Iron Complexes Enhance Iron Transport Capacity along Estuarine Salinity Gradients
Authors: Herzog Simon David , Kvashnina Kristina , Persson Per , Kritzberg Emma
Published: July 2019

Abstract. Rivers discharge a notable amount of Fe (1.5 x 109 mol yr−1) to coastal waters, but are still not considered important sources of bioavailable Fe to open marine waters. The reason is that the vast majority of riverine Fe is considered to be lost to the sediment due to aggregation during estuarine mixing. Recently however, several studies demonstrate relatively high stability of riverine Fe to salinity induced aggregation, and it has been proposed that organically complexed Fe (Fe-OM) can “survive” the salinity gradient, while Fe (oxy)hydroxides are prone to aggregation and selectively removed. In this study, we directly identified, by X-ray absorption spectroscopy, the occurrence of these two Fe phases across eight boreal rivers and confirmed a significant but variable contribution of Fe-OM in relation to Fe (oxy)hydroxides among river mouths. We further found that that Fe-OM was more prevalent at high flow conditions in spring than at low flow conditions during autumn, and that Fe-OM was more dominant in low-order streams in a catchment than at the river mouth. The stability of Fe to increasing salinity correlated well to the relative contribution of Fe-OM, i.e. confirming that organic complexes promote Fe transport capacity. This study suggests that boreal rivers may provide significant amounts of potentially bioavailable Fe to marine waters beyond the estuary, due to organic matter complexes.
An innovative STEM outreach model to foster the next generation of geoscientists, engineers and technologists (OH-Kids)
Authors: Pedrozo-Acuña Adrián , Favero Junior Roberto J. , Amaro-Loza Alejandra , Kurek Mocva Roberta K. , Sánchez-Peralta Juan A. , Magos-Hernández Jorge A. , Blanco-Figueroa Jorge
Published: July 2019

Abstract. Childhood education aiming at incorporating topics related to science, technology, engineering, and mathematics (STEM) have gained recognition as key levers in the progress of education for all students. Inspiring young people to take part in the discovery and delivery of science is of paramount importance not only for their well-being but also for the future human development. To address this an outreach model entitled OH-Kids, was designed to empower educators and pupils through the development of high-quality STEM learning experiences based on a research project. The model is an opportunity for primary school learners to meet geoscientists at the same time as they receive the take-home message that anyone can get involved in scientific activities. The effort is part of a research project aimed at the real-time monitoring of precipitation in Mexico City, which is a smart solution to rainfall monitoring using information and communications technologies. The argument behind this effort, is that in order to produce the next generation of problem-solvers, education should ensure that learners develop an appreciation and working familiarity with a real world project. Results show success at introducing the role of the researchers and STEM topics to 6–12 year olds learners.
Automatic Generation of Photorealistic Image Fillers for Privacy Enabled Urban Basemaps using Generative Adversarial Networks
Authors: Agoub Amgad , Filippovska Yevgeniya , Schmidt Valentina , Kada Martin
Published: July 2019

Abstract. The abundance of high-quality satellite images is salutary for many activities but raises also privacy and security concerns. Manually obfuscating areas subject to privacy issues by applying locally pixelization techniques leads to undesirable discontinuities in the visual appearance of the depicted scenes. Alternatively, automatically generated photorealistic fillers can be used to obfuscate sensitive information while preserving the original visual aspect of high-resolution aerial images.Recent advances in the field of Deep Learning (DL) enable to synthesize high-quality image data. Particularly, generative models such as Generative Adversarial Networks (GANs) can be used to produce images that can be perceived as photorealistic even by human examiners. Additionally, Conditional Generative Adversarial Networks (cGANs) allow control over the image generation process and results. These developments give the opportunity to generate photorealistic fillers for the purpose of privacy and security in image data used within city models while preserving the quality of the original data. However, according to our knowledge, little research has been done to explore this potential. In order to close this gap, we propose a novel framework that is designed to correspond to the mentioned end goal and produces promising results.
Map Projection Article on Wikipedia
Authors: Lapaine Miljenko
Published: July 2019

Abstract. People often look up information on Wikipedia and generally consider that information credible. The present paper investigates the article Map projection in the English Wikipedia. In essence, map projections are based on mathematical formulas, which is why the author proposes a mathematical approach to them. Weaknesses in the Wikipedia article Map projection are indicated, hoping it is going to be improved in the near future.
Spatial data quality in multi-criterial analysis for decision making process
Authors: Talhofer Vaclav , Hošková-Mayerová Šárka
Published: July 2019

Abstract. Multi-criterial analysis is becoming one of the main methods for evaluation of influence of geographic environment on human activity, or human activity on geographic environment, respectively. Analysis results are often used in command and control systems, especially in armed forces and units of rescue systems. For analyses, digital geographic data – whose quality significantly influences the reached results – are used. Visualization of results of analyses in command and control systems are usually thematic layers over raster images of topographic maps. That is why this visualization must correspond to cartographic principles used for the creation of thematic maps. The article presents problems that an analyst encounters within the evaluation of the quality of the used data, performance of the analysis itself as well as preparation of data files for their transfer and publishing in command and control systems.
Role of Geospatial Information for Disaster Risk Management as Exemplified in Recent Large Earthquakes in Japan
Authors: Une Hiroshi , Nakano Takayuki
Published: July 2019

Abstract. Geographic location is one of the most fundamental and indispensable information elements for us to work on disasters. For example, in the case of the Tohoku Earthquake in 2011, aerial photos taken immediately after the earthquake greatly improved the information sharing among different government offices and facilitated the rescue and recovery operations, and maps prepared after the disasters have been assisting the rapid reconstruction of the affected local communities. In addition, in the case of the Kumamoto Earthquake in 2016, up-to-date geospatial information technologies were well applied to grasp the disaster situation such as UAVs and InSAR. Advancement of web mapping technology allows us to understand the situation by overlaying various location-specific data on base maps on the web and specify the areas which the activities should be focused on. 3D modelling technology enables realistic understandings of the relationship between disaster and topography. Geospatial information technology can support the proper judgement of preparation and emergency response against disaster by the individuals and local communities through such as hazard mapping and information services using mobile devices. Thus, geospatial information technology is now more and more taking vital role for all the stages of disaster risk management and responses. Acknowledging such vital role of geospatial information for disaster reduction, Sendai Framework for Disaster Risk Reduction 2015–2030, adopted at the Third United Nations World Conference on Disaster Risk Reduction repeatedly indicates the importance of use of geospatial information technology for disaster reduction.
Visualising a comparison of simulated urban heat islands: a case study of two Slovakian cities
Authors: Feranec Ján , Holec Juraj , Šťastný Pavel , Szatmári Daniel , Kopecká Monika
Published: July 2019

Abstract. Temperature increases in cities affects inhabitants’ quality of life, justifying the extent of research focusing on identifying, analysing, and assessing the relationship between the density of urban fabric represented by land cover/land use (LC/LU) classes and manifestation of the urban heat island (UHI) phenomenon. This paper delimits LC/LU classes for the urban Bratislava (2,117 ha of class 12110 dominated in 2016) and Trnava (598 ha of class 12120 dominated in 2016). The greatest median air temperature over 33 °C (at 18:00) was derived with the MUKLIMO model for the class Continuous urban fabric with the sealing degree > 80% in Bratislava. The graphic outputs improve our perception and evaluation of the LC/LU and UHI relationship. The information potential of the graphical outputs may increase through use of computer animations to represent the temperature changes during day or the temperature changes among years.
Between the Lines: Measuring Areal Displacement in Line Simplification
Authors: Kronenfeld Barry J. , Deng Jiaxin
Published: July 2019

Abstract. Quantitative measures of error are needed to complement subjective characterization of shape characteristics in the assessment of line simplication algorithms. Areal displacement is one of six metrics recommended for this purpose by McMaster in 1986. However, previous cartographers have failed to notice semantic ambiguities that obfuscate its meaning. This paper discusses semantic and computational aspects of areal displacement. Three distinct semantic definitions are identified. A simple definition derived from topological enclosure is shown to produce unintuitive results in certain regularly encountered situations. A more intuitively valid measure of areal displacement as a dynamic process is captured by the topological concept of minimum homotopy area, but robust, practical and efficient computation remains an active area of research. A third definition, referred to as shift displacement, is proposed that derives from the perspective of external regions that “shift sides” during the transformation of a line to its simplified form. A simple yet robust and computationally efficient algorithm is presented for computing displacement under the proposed definition.
Radar-derived convective storms' climatology for the Prut River basin: 2003–2017
Authors: Burcea Sorin , Cică Roxana , Bojariu Roxana
Published: July 2019

Abstract. Weather radar measurements are used to study the
climatology of convective storms and their characteristics in the
transboundary Prut River basin. The Storm Cell Identification and Tracking
(SCIT) algorithm was used to process the volumetric reflectivity
measurements, in order to identify, characterize, and track the convective
storm cells. The storm attribute table output of the algorithm was used to
separate the convective from the stratiform storm cells, by applying a
simple selection criterion based on the average vertically integrated liquid
(VIL) values. The radar-derived characteristics of convective storms were
used to document the spatial and temporal distributions and storm
properties in terms of duration, distance travelled, movement direction, and
intensity. The results show that 94.3 % of all convective storm cells were
detected during May–August, with the peak in July. The peak time for
convective storm cells' occurrence was in the afternoon and evening hours
between 10:00 and 18:00 UTC. The median duration of a convective storm was 42 min, the median distance travelled was 23 km, and the median movement speed
was 7.7 m s−1. The average movement of storms varied with months, but
overall most convective storms move from the south-west and south–south-east.
Also, the analysis shows that the longer-lasting convective storms were the
most intense. The spatial distribution of the convective cells reveals
yearly variation patterns and hotspots but also highlights the limitations
of radar measurement at longer distances. Reanalysis data suggest that low
values of sea level pressure over the Black Sea can act as a dynamical
driver of convective storms in the analysed area.
Drill bit noise imaging without pilot trace, a near-surface interferometry example
Authors: Asgharzadeh Mehdi , Grant Ashley , Bona Andrej , Urosevic Milovan
Published: July 2019

Abstract. Acoustic energy emitted by drill bits can be recorded by
geophones on the surface and processed for an image of the subsurface using
seismic interferometry methods. Pilot sensors record bit signals on the drill
rig and play an important role in processing geophone traces for the image.
When pilot traces are not available, traces of the nearest geophone to the
rig may be used in deconvolution and cross-correlation of data, but extra
signal processing efforts are required to reduce the effect of source
signature on cross-correlation results. In this study, we use the seismic
interferometry method to image the shallow subsurface beneath a 2-D geophone
array by converting geophones to virtual sources. As there is no pilot
signal available for this survey, we use the nearest geophone trace for pilot
cross-correlation and pilot deconvolution. We modify the spectrum of pilot
cross-correlation and deconvolution results so that the effect of source
function on virtual data is minimized. We then migrate the virtual shots and
compare the results of interferometric imaging with the available image from
3-D (active source) survey and assess the efficiency of our approach. We show
that drill bit noise data can be used to generate a reasonably accurate
image of the subsurface even in the absence of pilot recordings, but the
results should be checked for the appearance of virtual multiples and depth
inconsistencies that are caused by errors in the migration velocity.
RELAÇÃO ENTRE A TAXA DE IMPERMEABILIZAÇÃO DO SOLO COM A OCUPAÇÃO DO MUNICÍPIO DE PALMAS – TO
Authors: Demori Benhur De Souza Sanfelici , Gondim Mendonça Rose Mary
Published: July 2019

O estudo utiliza a classificação da cobertura e uso do solo feita por meio manual e supervisionado pelo método da máxima verossimilhança com fotointerpretação para quantificar as áreas permeáveis e impermeáveis em uma sub-bacia hidrográfica do córrego Machado, no município de Palmas – TO. Apresenta também a relação da densidade habitacional no ano de 2010 com base nos dados de impermeabilização, determina o coeficiente de escoamento superficial e o número curva. Destaca-se que a área impermeabilizada é de 56,55% do total de 1,09km², com densidade média de 50,07 hab/ha, com um coeficiente de escoamento superficial médio de 0,64 e o número curva obtido 82,84 para o tempo de retorno de 50 anos a partir dos tempos de concentração 30 minutos. Os resultados demostram um cenário de uma região com impermeabilidade média. A metodologia aplicada permite que dados de caracterização espacial possam ser empregados como subsidio em planos de drenagem urbana, para a quantificação do coeficiente de escoamento superficial e número curva. O método de correlação entre a área impermeável e a densidade habitacional foi fraca.
A CELL-CULTURING SYSTEM FOR THE STUDY OF INTERACTION BETWEEN MACROPHAGES INFECTED WITH Leishmania amazonensis
Authors: Giorgio Selma , Henrique Gallo-Francisco Pedro
Published: July 2019

The cell culture insert system is a culturing system for the study of contact-independent cellular communication. Leishmaniasis is a neglect tropical disease with no vaccines and the availabledrugs present toxic side effects. Studies on Leishmania interaction with host macrophages aim to develop strategies for parasite control and drug development. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effects of interaction between non-infected and L. amazonensis-infected human macrophages, by using the cell culture system. The results showed that the infection index was reduced by 56.2% as compared to controls only when infected macrophages were inserted on both sides of the Transwell membranes. An improvement in macrophage viability was also observed in this cell culture. The levels of interleukin-1β, an inflammatory cytokine, and nitric oxide, a microbicidal molecule, did not increase in L. amazonensis-infected macrophagecultures in the Transwell system; thus other soluble factors were responsible for parasite control.
Wittgenstein, Aspect Blindness, and White Supremacy
Authors: Spoto Stephanie
Published: July 2019

Wittgenstein's theory of aspect perception has been taken up by scholars interested in the ways that people take in and interpret visual stimuli. Within this field of inquiry, Wittgenstein proposes the notion of “aspect blindness,” the failure of a person to see a particular aspect or expression. An important turn in the use of Wittgenstein's aspect perception has not always been in the ways that deviating perspectives fail to “see” in the same way that the normative category “sees,” but in the ways that those on the constructed margins turn a critical eye on the failure of normative “seeing.” Using this framework, this article turns to critique the racism and “aspect blindness” embedded in whiteness. It examines Enlightenment scientific racism and the racialized hierarchies used as the justification for excluding some people from the category of humanity. The work finishes by linking with insights developed within the Black Lives Matter movement.
Propuesta de semilleros de investigación para el desarrollo de la competencia investigadora en ingenierías
Authors: Guerrero Hernández V. , Lagunes Domínguez A. , Torres Gastelú C.A. , Lau Noriega J.
Published: July 2019

Este artículo trata sobre la importancia de la competencia investigadora en estudiantes universitarios que estudian alguna ingeniería y de una propuesta para su desarrollo. La metodología utilizada fue desarrollada en tres etapas, la primera etapa consistió en identificar la problemática de la falta de investigación en los países de América Latina, para este propósito se analizaron los rankings sobre investigación, los rankings de centros de investigación y el ranking de universidades, debido a que son los espacios en donde se debe de desarrollar la investigación en cada país. La segunda consistió en realizar el estado del arte sobre los esfuerzos realizados en cada país para alcanzar la competencia investigadora. La tercera etapa fue la descripción de la propuesta de semilleros de investigación para el desarrollo de dicha competencia. El resultado principal fue la propuesta de semilleros de investigación para el desarrollo de la competencia investigadora en ingenierías, la cual se está aplicando en este momento. La principal conclusión fue que el binomio de los semilleros de investigación y el aprendizaje combinado permitirán desarrollar la competencia investigadora.
Reclaiming Josephine Baker in the Filmic Ethnomusicology of Djibril Diop Mambéty
Authors: Fisher Alexander
Published: July 2019

This paper proposes an ethnomusicological approach to Djibril Diop Mambéty’s films as a means of reading their diverse musical soundscapes. Paying particular attention to Touki Bouki (1974), it demonstrates how this approach delineates what may be seen as a reclamation of Josephine Baker—an international figure who has been objectified for her race and gender—resituating her within a wider global African cultural heritage.
Current Concepts in the Treatment of Lateral Condyle Fractures in Children
Authors: Abzug Joshua M. , Dua Karan , Kozin Scott H. , Herman Martin J.
Published: July 2019

Lateral condyle fractures of the humerus are the second most common fracture about the elbow in children. The injury typically occurs as a result of a varus- or valgus-applied force to the forearm with the elbow in extension. Plain radiographs are sufficient in making the diagnosis; however, an elbow arthrogram permits optimal visualization of the articular surface in minimally displaced fractures. Traditionally, nonsurgical management is indicated for fractures with ≤2 mm of displacement and a congruent articular surface. Closed reduction and percutaneous pinning is performed for fractures with >2 mm of displacement with an intact cartilaginous hinge at the articular surface. Open reduction and internal fixation is often necessary for fractures with ≥4 mm of displacement or if there is articular incongruity. Complications include malunion, delayed presentation, fishtail deformity, lateral spurring, and growth arrest. Evolving management concepts include relative indications for surgical management, the optimal pin configuration, and the use of cannulated screw and bioresorbable fixation.
Teoría de la violencia exterminista. Sobre la centralidad de la violencia física legitimada
Authors: Javier Ribes Alberto
Published: July 2019

El énfasis en la violencia simbólica o estructural y en los efectos del neoliberalismo está oscureciendo un tema de investigación urgente: la violencia física exterminista. Podríamos considerar añadir la violencia exterminista a otras violencias contemporáneas, como aquellas derivadas del giro neoliberal, para entender de manera más completa la modernidad y nuestro tiempo. A pesar del número de muertos en los últimos doscientos años y la extensión de la lógica violenta exterminista en nuestro tiempo, la violencia física parece haber desaparecido demasiado fácilmente de los esfuerzos por comprender el presente desde las ciencias sociales. Reconceptualizando el concepto de «exterminismo» de Frase y Thompson y considerando críticamente las investigaciones clásicas y contemporáneas sobre los genocidios y la violencia es posible generar una nueva agenda de investigación: una sociología del exterminismo.