bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The effect of the Iraqi Hanafi Schools on the formulas of generalities for Al-Mutakallimeen
Authors:   University of Jordan, Amman, Jordan, OZDEMIR Mahmut Muhammet , Moanes Raed Abu
Published: October 2020

The study of scholar and academic alternations effects ‎amongst Fundamentalist Schools considered significant issues on gaining knowledge of Fundamentals of Jurisprudence and modification fundamental's opinions.‎ This article aims to explore the supposition effects of ‎Hanafi’s on Al-Mutakallimeen through Muhammed Ibn es-Sucaa as-‎Salchi’s views on the matter of the Formulas of Generalities.‎ In addition, the article also figured out that the Hanafi School of Iraq effected on ‎the School of the al-Mutakallimeens fundamentally which is presumed ‎on denying the Formulas of Generalities and the waqf on it, and ‎exemplarily Abu 'Ali Muḥammad al-Jubba'i, Imam al-Ash’ari and al-Qadi al-Bakillani in particular.‎
Synthesis and styrene copolymerization of novel fluoro and chloro ring-disubstituted isobutyl phenylcyanoacrylates
Authors: Ahlers Christopher D. , Ahmed Aisha A. , Alam Umamah , Sajwani Alima A. , Salloum Megan V. , Schneider Makayla A. , Serra Heysel M. , Tanawath Richard C. , Triolo Gabriella L. , Velazquez Marisol , Rocus Sara M. , Schjerven William S. , Kharas Gregory
Published: October 2020

Novel ring-disubstituted isobutyl phenylcyanoacrylates, RPhCH=C(CN)CO2CH2CH(CH3)2 (where R is 2,3-difluoro, 2,4-difluoro, 2,6-difluoro, 3,4-difluoro, 3,5-difluoro, 2-chloro-4-fluoro, 2-chloro-6-fluoro, 3-chloro-2-fluoro, 3-chloro-4-fluoro, 4-chloro-3-fluoro) were synthesized by the piperidine catalyzed Knoevenagel condensation of ring-disubstituted benzaldehydes and isobutyl cyanoacetate and characterized by CHN analysis, IR, 1H and 13C NMR. The acrylates were copolymerized with styrene in solution with radical initiation (ABCN) at 70C. The compositions of the copolymers were calculated from nitrogen analysis.
Computational Screening of the Physical Properties of Water-in-Salt Electrolytes
Authors: Mendez-Morales Trinidad , Li Zhujie , Salanne Mathieu
Published: October 2020

Water-in-salts form a new family of electrolytes with properties distinct from the ones of conventional aqueous systems and ionic liquids. They are currently investigated for Li-ion batteries and supercapacitors applications, but to date most of the focus was put on the system based on the LiTFSI salt. Here we study the structure and the dynamics of a series of water-in-salts with different anions. They have a similar parent structure but they vary systematically through their symmetric/asymmetric feature and the length of the fluorocarbonated chains. The simulations allow to determine their tendency to nanosegregate, as well as their transport properties (viscosity, ionic conductivity, diffusion coefficients) and the amount of free water, providing useful data for potential applications in energy storage devices.
Evidence of Nanostructure Development from the Molecular Dynamics of Poly(pentamethylene 2,5- Furanoate)
Authors: Martínez-Tong Daniel E , Soccio Michelina , Robles-Hernández Beatriz , Guidotti Giulia , Gazzano Massimo , Lotti Nadia , Alegria Angel
Published: October 2020

We report on the molecular origin of poly(pentamethylene 2,5-furanoate) particular physical properties. From the structural point of view we found this polymer can develop crystallinity when stored at room conditions for months. On the other hand, we used broadband dielectric spectroscopy (BDS) measurements, to analyze in very detail the local and segmental molecular dynamics of the material subjected to several thermal treatments. In this way we evidenced that the molecular dynamics are sensitive to thermal history over a broad temperature range. This behavior has been attributed to possible inter-chain interactions detected via infrared spectroscopy and rheology measurements in the non-crystallized polymer.
Investigating the Evolution of Fractures in Clay–based Ceramics During Repeated Freeze-Thawing Cycles Using Micro X-Ray Computed Tomography and Image Analysis
Authors: Porfido Carlo , Rizzo Roberto , Healy David , Spagnuolo Matteo , Terzano Roberto , Allegretta Ignazio
Published: October 2020

This work presents a study on the fracturing behaviour of a quartz tempered clay-based ceramic subjected to damage in freeze-thaw cycles. X-ray micro-computed tomography (micro-CT) provided high-resolution imaging of the ceramic before and during the freeze-thaw treatment, allowing to analyse a fully water-saturated sample using a special thermal stage designed to keep the sample frozen during analyses. Micro-CT 3D renderings showed the internal features of the specimen (i.e., quartz grain distribution), the increment of fracture count and size, and the detachment of ceramic and/or temper fragments from the edges of the sample over the cycles. Selected 2D micrographs, before and after freeze-thawing treatment, were analysed using the MATLAB toolbox FracPaQ. This software provided detailed data on fracture length, intensity, density, orientation and connectivity, and enabled to interpret the process of fracture initiation and propagation inside the material. These results showed that the temper plays a crucial role in ceramic fracturing behaviour under freeze- thawing conditions, as damage propagation is influenced by quartz grain distribution and orientation within the material. The study described in this work, not only offers new insights into the fracture dynamics of freeze-thawed clay-based ceramics, but also presents a new methodological approach to quantitatively measure fracture damage in porous materials.
Orbital Exchange Calculations: An Alternative View of the Chemical Bond
Authors: Merrithew Paul
Published: October 2020

The purpose of this paper is to explore a model of the chemical bond which does not assume that the electrons of the chemical bonding electron pair can be unambiguously identified with either the left hand or right hand of the bonding atoms when their orbitals overlap to bond. In order to provide maximum flexibility in the selection of the electron’s orbitals, the orbitals have been represented as spatial arrays and the calculations performed numerically. This model of the chemical bond assumes that the identifiability of the bonding electrons is a function of 1-(overlap/(1+overlap)) where the overlap of the two bonding electron’s orbitals is calculated in the usual manner. The kinetic energy of the bonding electron pair and the energy required to meet the orthogonality requirements, mandated by the Pauli principle, are a function of overlap/(1+overlap). The model assumes that the bonding orbitals are straight-forward atomic orbitals or hybrids of these atomic orbitals. The results obtained by applying this simple approach to eleven di-atomics and seven common poly-atomics are quite good. The calculated bond lengths are generally within 0.005Å of the measured values and bond energies to within a few percent. Bond lengths for bonds to H are about 0.02 Å high. Except for H2, bond lengths are determined, independent of bond energy, at that point where overlap/(1+overlap) equals 0.5.
Role of Hemibonding in the Structure and Ultraviolet Spectroscopy of the Aqueous Hydroxyl Radical
Authors: Rana Bhaskar , Herbert John
Published: October 2020

The presence of a hemibond in the local solvation structure of the aqueous hydroxyl radical has long been debated, as its appearance in ab initio simulations based on density functional theory is sensitive to self-interaction error (favoring a two-center, three-electron hemibond) but also to finite-size effects. Simulations reported here use a mixed quantum mechanics/molecular mechanics (QM/MM) framework in a very large periodic simulation cell, in order to avoid finite-size artifacts and to facilitate testing of various density functionals, in order to probe the effects of delocalization error. The preponderance of hemibonded structures predicted by generalized gradient approximations persists in simulations using the hybrid functionals B3LYP and PBE0, but is reduced to a minor population if the fraction of exact exchange is increased significantly. The hemibonded population is also small in simulations employing the long-range corrected functional LRC-wPBE. Electronic spectra are computed using time-dependent density functional theory, and from these calculations emerges a consensus picture in which hemibonded configurations play an outsized role in the absorption spectrum, even when present as a minority species. An intense 1b2 (H2O) --> 2p (OH) charge-transfer transition in hemibonded configuration of the radical proves to be responsible for an absorption feature at 230~nm that is strongly shifted with respect to the gas-phase absorption at 307 nm, but this intense feature is substantially diminished in aqueous geometries where the hemibond is absent. Although not yet sufficient to quantitatively establish the population of hemibonded OH(aq), these simulations do suggest that its presence is revealed by the strongly shifted ultraviolet absorption spectrum of the aqueous radical.
Coupling of Alternating Current to Transition-Metal Catalysis: Examples of Nickel-Catalyzed Cross-Coupling
Authors: Bortnikov Evgeniy , Semenov Sergey
Published: October 2020

This work demonstrates that periodic oxidation and reduction of a catalyst by alternating current enable otherwise unfavorable catalytic cycles. Nickel catalyzed amination, etherification, and esterification were universally enabled by alternating current with yields and selectivity strongly exciding these in the experiments with direct current (DC).
فاعلية التدريس الاستقرائي في تنمية التعلم المنظم ذاتيا والتحصيل الأكاديمي لدى طالبات التعليم الأساسي في مادة العلوم
Authors: حسين بيمان
Published: October 2020

هدف البحث الحالي إلى تنمية التعلم المنظم ذاتيا والتحصيل الأكاديمي لدى طالبات التعليم الأساسي في مادة العلوم وذلك باستخدام استراتيجيات التدريس الاستقرائي، وتكونت عينة البحث من (20) طالبة من طلبة التعليم الأساسي، قد تراوحت أعمارهن ما بين (14- 15) عاما، بمتوسط عمري قدره (14.57) وانحراف معياري قدره (0.40), وتم تقسيم العينة إلى مجموعتين التجريبية درست باستخدام استراتيجية التدريس الاستقرائي والمجموعة الضابطة درست باستخدام الطريقة الاعتيادية (التقليدية)، قسمت بالتساوي على المجموعتين، وتكونت أدوات الدراسة من مقياس التعلم المنظم ذاتيا والتحصيل الاكاديمي، (من إعداد الباحثة)، وأسفرت النتائج عن فعالية استراتيجية التدريس الاستقرائي في تنمية التعلم المنظم ذاتيا والتحصيل الأكاديمي لدى طلبة التعليم الأساسي في مادة العلوم لصالح المجموعة التجريبية.
Misandry and Resistance in Sylvia Plath’s Mushrooms and Lady Lazarus
Authors: Karo Hassan , Hassan Saman
Published: October 2020

This paper discusses the two concepts of misandry and resistance in two famous poems by Sylvia Plath, namely Mushrooms (1959) and Lady Lazarus (1962). It focuses on the sufferings of women in the distressful life conditions they witness in patriarchal societies. It also reveals men’s perception of women in male-dominated communities and the reaction of women to such perceptions. Through the female speakers of the poems, Plath stands against the patriarchal norms. She expresses her resentment at men’s treatment of women. The paper takes into consideration the critical views of three French feminist–psychoanalytic theorists− Julia Kristeva (1941-   ), Helene Cixous (1937-     ), and Luce Irigaray (1930-    )− to provide a concrete poetic analysis of the two selected poems. In this study, Plath is shown to represent the entire post-WWII female generation. The study sheds light on the domestic environment women were living and how they were oppressed in society by men. It aims to illustrate the obstacles that failed women to speak up and discover their own identity. The study argues that the difficult life women experienced has made them develop the sense of misandry and resist the tyrannical rule of men. The paper covers the two poems in a chronological order: first, Mushrooms, which is normally regarded as Plath’s preparation for the fight against patriarchy, and then, Lady Lazarus, which symbolizes resistance and triumph over the oppressive power of men.
A study on drug utilization evaluation of antibiotics in tertiary care hospital
Authors: Sesham Pushpalatha  , Dheeravath Swapna  , Antarvedi Moshe  , Nagam Venkata Sai Jyothirmai  , Tatipamula Vasundhara  , Curie D
Published: October 2020

Studies like Drug utilization evaluation have an essential role in finding a prescription pattern of drugs prescribed in hospital for the rational use of antibiotics. An observational study conducted in a tertiary care hospital for six months among 200 patients. The study was conducted to assess prescribing pattern, the average cost of antibiotics prescribed. Also, the ten most commonly prescribed antibiotic’/ 100bed- days and ATC were calculated. Most commonly prescribed antibiotic was , followed by /. The average cost was Rs. 2742.5±25135.19 for the prescribed antibiotics. Pharmacists and physicians play a significant role in decreasing patient problems and the problems related to antibiotics by creating awareness programs related standard prescribing guidelines in the hospital, which results in a reduction of the antibiotic resistance. it is essential to carry out a drug utilization review to study the rational use of antibiotics.
Occurence of Number of Canals in Maxillary Second Molar in South Indian Population - A Retrospective Study
Authors: Swarna S K  , Subash Sharma  , Haripriya S
Published: October 2020

Maxillary molars contain various anatomical variations with diverse shapes and forms. The variations in root canal anatomy may be due to developmental patterns or may have a genetic influence. The root morphological studies have led to a better understanding of canal morphology that contributes to successful cleaning and shaping of the root canal system. This study was done to assess the prevalence of the number of canals in Maxillary second molars and to determine its association with age and gender in a South Indian Population by evaluating post- operative periapical radiographs. A total of 384 case sheets of root canal treated maxillary second molars were reviewed and analyzed. The patients undergoing root canal treatment for maxillary second molars were screened, and cases selected for the study were in the age group of 18- 65 years. Data was analyzed using SPSS software. Out of 384 teeth, 211 were male and 173 were female patients. Number of canals had no significant correlation with age but had significant association with gender (p=0.085). There were 3 canals in most of the cases. Within the limitations of the study, the maxillary second molars consisted mostly of 3 canals in both male and female patients. There was significant association between gender and number of canals.
The Effect of Leadership and Work Motivation on Work Loyalty
Authors: Hariyanto Hariyanto , Brasit Nurdin , Amar Muhammad Yunus
Published: October 2020

This study aims to examine and analyze the influence of leadership and work motivation on work loyalty in all training and development centers of the National Institute of Public Administration Republic of Indonesia located in Makassar, Samarinda, Aceh, and Bandung. Data was collected by a survey method, using a questionnaire instrument made on the Google Form platform and distributed to 290 employees with three job groups, namely structural, functional, and executor. Of the 290 employees, 125 responded. Data is then analyzed using the Structural Equation Model (SEM) with the help of the SPSS AMOS version 2.3 application. The results showed that leadership has a positive and significant effect on job loyalty. The results of the analysis also show that work motivation has a positive and significant effect on job loyalty.
The influence application of Information Technology and Competence on Employee Productivity through Job Satisfaction in the Civil Apparatus at Hasanuddin University
Authors: Erfan Muhammad , Muis Mahlia , Dewi Andi Ratna Sari
Published: October 2020

This study aims to analyze (i) the effect of information technology variables on job satisfaction; (ii) the effect of competency variables on job satisfaction; (iii) the effect of information technology variables on work productivity; (iv) the effect of competency variables on work productivity; (v) the effect of job satisfaction variables on work productivity; (vi) the influence of information technology variables on work productivity through job satisfaction variables; and (vii) the effect of competency variables on work productivity through job satisfaction variables. The quantitative approach is used to test and analyze the factors that influence job satisfaction and work productivity. Research location at Hasanuddin University, Makassar City. The population in this study were Unhas employees with the status of ASN (State Civil Apparatus) as many as 935 people. The sampling method uses probability sampling with a simple random sampling technique. Withdrawing the number of samples using the Slovin formula, which produces 90 people as a minimum number. Data collection techniques using a questionnaire with a measurement scale used is a Likert scale with five components. Data analysis techniques in this study used path analysis. The results showed that information technology and competency variables significantly influence job satisfaction and work productivity. Information technology and competence have a significant effect on work productivity through job satisfaction variables. All hypotheses are accepted and supported by previous research.
Türkiye’nin Doğrudan Müdahale Öncesi Dönemde Suriye İç Savaşı’na Yönelik Dış Politikasının Analizi
Authors: KİRAZ Sami
Published: October 2020

2011 yılında sınırlı bir halk hareketi şeklinde başlayan Suriye İç Savaşı, kısa sürede bölgesel ve küresel çapta ağır sonuçlar doğuran ve çok sayıda aktörü içine çeken bir gelişme olmuştur. Bu süreçte, özellikle bölge devletleri iç savaşın etkisinden kaçınamamış ve meseleye dahil olmak durumunda kalmıştır. Bu bağlamda Suriye İç Savaşı, Türkiye için de süreçte en temel dış politika konusu haline gelmiştir. Bu çalışmada, Türkiye’nin iç savaşa yönelik doğrudan müdahale öncesi dönemde izlediği dış politikasının analizi yapılacaktır. Bu analiz, güncel Türk dış politikasının değerlendirmesinin ancak doğrudan müdahale öncesi dönemde yaşanan dönüşümlerin doğru anlaşılmasıyla mümkün olabileceği ön kabulüyle yapılmaktadır. Bu nedenle, analizin kapsamlı ve bütüncül bir bakış açısıyla ele alınması için kuramsal çerçeve olarak neoklasik realizm belirlenmiştir. Bağımsız değişken olarak kabul edilen sistemik sinyallerin, yerel faktörlerin yani ara değişkenlerin vasıtasıyla dış politikaya dönüştürüldüğü önermesiyle neoklasik realizm, Türkiye’nin dış politikasındaki dönüşümleri açıklamak adına kullanılmıştır. 2015 yılına kadar Esadsız bir Suriye stratejisi yürüten Türkiye, dışsal ve içsel gelişmeler uyarınca bu yaklaşımından vazgeçmiş ve doğrudan müdahaleye evirilecek yeni stratejisini uygulamaya geçmiştir. Çalışmada, bu dönüşümün altyapısını oluşturan bağımsız ve ara değişkenler ile başta millî güvenliğe tehdit oluştuğu algısıyla izlenen dış politika olmak üzere Türk dış politikasının sürekliliklerinin bu süreçteki etki ve belirleyicilikleri tartışılmıştır.
Soğuk Savaş Sonrası Dönemde ABD'nin Jeopolitik Tasavvurunda İstikrarsızlık Coğrafyası Olarak Ortadoğu: Pratik ve Popüler Jeopolitik Bir Okuma
Authors: ÖZYILMAZ KİRAZ Betül
Published: October 2020

Günümüzde Ortadoğu denildiğinde akıllara ilk olarak iç savaş, çatışma, terör gibi problemler gelmekte ve çoğu zaman Ortadoğu istikrarsızlıkla doğrudan özdeşleştirilmektedir. Bu çalışmanın amacı, Ortadoğu coğrafyasının temel karakteristiği gibi görülen istikrarsızlığı, pratik jeopolitik ve popüler jeopolitik perspektifinden değerlendirmektir. Dolayısıyla çalışmada, Ortadoğu'nun istikrarsızlığı, pratik ve popüler jeopolitiğin birlikte kullanıldığı bir kavramsal çerçeveden analiz edilmiştir. Çalışmada örnek olarak Soğuk Savaş sonrası dönemde ABD'nin jeopolitik tasavvuru incelenmiş ve söz konusu dönemde yayınlanan Ulusal Güvenlik Strateji raporları ile bazı politik karikatürler içerik analizine tabi tutulmuştur. Yapılan analiz sonucunda, Ortadoğu'da iç savaş, etnik ve mezhepsel çatışma, terör gibi problemlerin varlığının inkâr edilemeyeceği, ancak bunların, ABD yönetimleri tarafından dış politika söylemlerinde ön plana çıkarılmak suretiyle ve politik karikatürlerin bu söylemleri popüler kültürün bir parçası haline getirmesi yoluyla Ortadoğu ile özdeşleşir hale ge(tiri)ldiği sonucuna varılmıştır. Ortadoğu'nun istikrarsızlığına ilişkin bu tür bir okuma, popüler kültürde bulunan bölgeye dair kalıpyargıların yeniden değerlendirilmesinin önünü açma ve belki de politika yapıcıları, bölgeye yönelik söylem ve eylemlerini gözden geçirmeye yönlendirme potansiyeline sahiptir. Çalışma bu açıdan önemli görülmektedir. Çalışmanın bir diğer önemi de Türkçe literatürde ihmal edildiği görülen eleştirel jeopolitik literatürüne yapacağı katkıdan kaynaklanmaktadır.
Seroprevalence of SARS-CoV-2 IgM and IgG antibodies in an asymptomatic population in Sergipe, Brazil
Authors: Borges Lysandro Pinto , Martins Aline Fagundes , Melo Mônica Santos de , Oliveira Makson Gleydson Brito de , Neto José Melquiades de Rezende , Dósea Marcos Barbosa , Cabral Bruna Cecília Maia , Menezes Rafael Fontes , Santos Aryanne Araujo , Matos Igor Leonardo Santos , Borges Pamela Chaves , Santos Kezia Alves dos , Ribeiro Anderson Alves , Menendez Andres Ignacio Martinez , Serafini Mairim Russo , Walker Cristiani Banderó , Quintans Junior Lucindo José , Araújo Adriano Antunes de Souza , Souza Daniela Raguer Valadão de
Published: October 2020

Objective: To estimate the prevalence of SARS-CoV-2 antibodies in an asymptomatic population in the state of Sergipe, Brazil.

Methods: This cross-sectional study with stratified sampling (sex and age) includeD serological immunofluorescent tests for IgM and IgG on samples from 3 046 asymptomatic individuals. Sample collection was performed in wet-markets of the 10 most populous cities of Sergipe, Brazil. Exclusion criteria included symptomatic individuals and health workers. The presence of comorbidities was registered.

Results: Of the 3 046 participants, 1 577 (51.8%) were female and 1 469 (48.2%) were male; the mean age was 39.76 (SD 16.83) years old. 2 921 tests were considered valid for IgM and 2 635 for IgG. Of the valid samples, 347 (11.9% [CI 10.7%–13.1%]) tested positive for IgM and 218 (8.3% CI 7.2%–9.4%]) tested positive for IgG. Women over 40 had the highest prevalence for IgM (group C, p=0.006; group D p=0.04). The capital Aracaju displayed the highest prevalence for both antibodies; 83 (26.3% [CI 21.6%-31.6%]) tested positive for IgM and 35 (14.6% [CI 10.4%-19.7%]) for IgG. The most prevalent comorbidities were hypertension (64/123 individuals) and diabetes (29/123).

Conclusions: A high prevalence of SARS-CoV-2 antibodies was found among asymptomatic persons in Sergipe. Women over 40 showed the highest rates. The capital, Aracaju, displayed the highest seroprevalence. Surveys like this one are important to understand how the virus spreads and to help authorities to plan measures to control it. Repeated serologic testing are required to track the progress of the epidemic.
Ordered pair semantics and negation in LP
Authors: Clemens Matthew
Published: October 2020

In this note, I present a modified semantic framework for the multi-valued paraconsistent logic LP, which allows for a straightforward preservation of a significant classical intuition about negation, namely that the negation operator reverses truth-value.
Is Expenditure to Assess the Feasibility of Constructing or Acquiring Capital Assets Deductible?
Authors: Prebble John , McIntosh H
Published: October 2020

No description supplied
Organisation and Composition of Legal Prose
Authors: Prebble John
Published: October 2020

No description supplied
Using the Social Science Research Network to Aid and Promote Research
Authors: Prebble John , Caldwell J , Keene A
Published: October 2020

No description supplied
Justice Hill and the Autopoiesis of Income Tax Law
Authors: Prebble John
Published: October 2020

No description supplied
The Rescission Doctrine: Clothes Without an Emperor?
Authors: Prebble John , Huang Chye-Ching
Published: October 2020

No description supplied
Augmenting Kashgar
Authors: Aydin S , Schnabel Marc Aurel
Published: October 2020

© 2014 IEEE. This paper demonstrates a framework for a digital heritage research, Augmenting Kashgar, that facilitates the revitalizing of a historical architecture by using gamification, shape grammars and virtual reality. Examining current use of new media technologies, our methodology initially merges shape grammars, a generative modelling method, with gamification. It then extends the use of game elements into virtual reality in which the synthesizing of the old culture with a new one is the main accomplishment being sought. Firstly, gamification maps a community engagement plan while shape grammars serve for spatial analysis of the narrow alleys of Kashgar. Secondly, the gamified platform transitions from screen-based experience to immersive virtual reality interpretations.
A cost benefit analysis of an active travel intervention with health and carbon emission reduction benefits
Authors: Chapman Ralph , Keall M , Howden-Chapman P , Grams M , Witten K , Randal E , Woodward A
Published: October 2020

© 2018 by the authors. Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. Active travel (walking and cycling) is beneficial for people’s health and has many co-benefits, such as reducing motor vehicle congestion and pollution in urban areas. There have been few robust evaluations of active travel, and very few studies have valued health and emissions outcomes. The ACTIVE before-and-after quasi-experimental study estimated the net benefits of health and other outcomes from New Zealand’s Model Communities Programme using an empirical analysis comparing two intervention cities with two control cities. The Programme funded investment in cycle paths, other walking and cycling facilities, cycle parking, ‘shared spaces’, media campaigns and events, such as ‘Share the Road’, and cycle-skills training. Using the modified Integrated Transport and Health Impacts Model, the Programme’s net economic benefits were estimated from the changes in use of active travel modes. Annual benefits for health in the intervention cities were estimated at 34.4 disability-adjusted life years (DALYs) and two lives saved due to reductions in cardiac disease, diabetes, cancer, and respiratory disease. Reductions in transport-related carbon emissions were also estimated and valued. Using a discount rate of 3.5%, the estimated benefit/cost ratio was 11:1 and was robust to sensitivity testing. It is concluded that when concerted investment is made in active travel in a city, there is likely to be a measurable, positive return on investment.
GPGC: Genetic programming for automatic clustering using a flexible non-hyper-spherical graph-based approach
Authors: Lensen Andrew , Xue Bing , Zhang Mengjie
Published: October 2020

© 2017 ACM. Genetic programming (GP) has been shown to be very effective for performing data mining tasks. Despite this, it has seen relatively little use in clustering. In this work, we introduce a new GP approach for performing graph-based (GPGC) non-hyper-spherical clustering where the number of clusters is not required to be set in advance. The proposed GPGC approach is compared with a number of well known methods on a large number of data sets with a wide variety of shapes and sizes. Our results show that GPGC is the most generalisable of the tested methods, achieving good performance across all datasets. GPGC significantly outperforms all existing methods on the hardest ellipsoidal datasets, without needing the user to pre-define the number of clusters. To our knowledge, this is the first work which proposes using GP for graph-based clustering.
New representations in genetic programming for feature construction in k-means clustering
Authors: Lensen Andrew , Xue Bing , Zhang Mengjie
Published: October 2020

© Springer International Publishing AG 2017. k-means is one of the fundamental and most well-known algorithms in data mining. It has been widely used in clustering tasks, but suffers from a number of limitations on large or complex datasets. Genetic Programming (GP) has been used to improve performance of data mining algorithms by performing feature construction—the process of combining multiple attributes (features) of a dataset together to produce more powerful constructed features. In this paper, we propose novel representations for using GP to perform feature construction to improve the clustering performance of the k-means algorithm. Our experiments show significant performance improvement compared to k-means across a variety of difficult datasets. Several GP programs are also analysed to provide insight into how feature construction is able to improve clustering performance.
Generating redundant features with unsupervised multi-tree genetic programming
Authors: Lensen Andrew , Xue Bing , Zhang Mengjie
Published: October 2020

© Springer International Publishing AG, part of Springer Nature 2018. Recently, feature selection has become an increasingly important area of research due to the surge in high-dimensional datasets in all areas of modern life. A plethora of feature selection algorithms have been proposed, but it is difficult to truly analyse the quality of a given algorithm. Ideally, an algorithm would be evaluated by measuring how well it removes known bad features. Acquiring datasets with such features is inherently difficult, and so a common technique is to add synthetic bad features to an existing dataset. While adding noisy features is an easy task, it is very difficult to automatically add complex, redundant features. This work proposes one of the first approaches to generating redundant features, using a novel genetic programming approach. Initial experiments show that our proposed method can automatically create difficult, redundant features which have the potential to be used for creating high-quality feature selection benchmark datasets.
Can Genetic Programming Do Manifold Learning Too?
Authors: Lensen Andrew , Xue Bing , Zhang Mengjie
Published: October 2020

© Springer Nature Switzerland AG 2019. Exploratory data analysis is a fundamental aspect of knowledge discovery that aims to find the main characteristics of a dataset. Dimensionality reduction, such as manifold learning, is often used to reduce the number of features in a dataset to a manageable level for human interpretation. Despite this, most manifold learning techniques do not explain anything about the original features nor the true characteristics of a dataset. In this paper, we propose a genetic programming approach to manifold learning called GP-MaL which evolves functional mappings from a high-dimensional space to a lower dimensional space through the use of interpretable trees. We show that GP-MaL is competitive with existing manifold learning algorithms, while producing models that can be interpreted and re-used on unseen data. A number of promising future directions of research are found in the process.
STRATEGI PEMBELAJARAN BERBASIS BLENDED LEARNING DI PERGURUAN TINGGI
Authors: Setyowati Rini
Published: October 2020

Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah mengetahui upaya strategi pembelajaran berbasis blended learning dalam mata kuliah Pengembangan Pembelajaran IPS di SD di STKIP Singkawang. Model blended learning yang dikembangan dalam mata kuliah Pengembangan Pembelajaran IPS di Prodi PGSD STKIP Singkawang dilakukan dengan perpaduan tatap muka yang dapat memfasilitasi mahasiswa dengan kehadiran dosen untuk mengembangan rasa kehadiran dan kenyamanan sosial, dalam tatap muka dilakukan untuk membahas kesulitan- kesulitan mahasiswa dalam proses pembelajaran. Dalam proses pembelajaran menggunakan modul offline mengenai konsep- konsep dasar IPS di SD sehingga mahasiswa diharapkan mampu menggunakan teknologi secara offline. Pembelajaran di kelas juga dilaksanakan dengan model online dengan memanfaatkan edmodo sebagai sarana berinteraksi ketika mahasiswa tidak di kampus. Edmodo dapat digunakan sebagai sarana mahasiswa bertanya, mengirimkan tugas, dan dosen dapat juga mengirimkan bahan dan tugas melalui edmodo. Dalam pengembangan blended learning yaitu pembuatan modul offline menggunakan software Ncesoft Flip Bookstrategi, pembelajaran, blended learning
AMELIORATIVE EFFECTS OF GRAPE SEED OIL ON CHROMIUM-INDUCED NEPHROTOXICITY AND OXIDATIVESTRESS IN RATS
Authors: Orabi Sahar Hassan , Shawky Sherif Mohamed
Published: October 2020

The current study focused on investigating the renoprotective effects of grape seed oil (GSO) against hexavalent chromium (Cr (VI))-induced nephrotoxicity. A total of 40 male rats were randomly divided into four groups: group I served as the control group, group II received 1000 mg/L potassium dichromate (353.5 mg/L Cr(VI)) in drinking water for 12 weeks, group III received 3.7 g/kg body weight/day GSO orally for 12 weeks, and group IV received GSO together with potassium dichromate for 12 weeks. Cr(VI) significantly increased serum levels of urea, creatinine, potassium and glucose. In addition, Cr(VI) increased MDA levels and induced renal tissue damage and DNA damage. On the other hand, Cr(VI) decreased serum levels of sodium and antioxidant defence system [reduced glutathione (GSH) and catalase (CAT)]. However, treatment with GSO prevented elevation levels of serum urea, creatinine, potassium and glucose. In addition, GSO enhanced sodium level, renal tissue antioxidant defense system due to its curative effect ameliorated particularly oxidative stress, renal tissue and DNA damage. In conclusion, these results demonstrate that GSO is a promising nephroprotective agent against Cr(VI)-induced nephrotoxicity.Key words: grape seed oil; hexavalent chromium; nephrotoxicity; DNA damage BLAŽILNI UČINKI OLJA GROZDNIH PEŠK PRI TOKSIČNI OBREMENITVI LEDVIC TER VPLIV NA OKSIDATIVNI STRES PODGAN, POVZROČEN S KROMOM Povzetek: Študija je bila osredotočena na proučevanje zaščitnih učinkov olja grozdnih pešk (GSO) pri toksični obremenitvi ledvic, povzročeni s heksavalentnim kromom (Cr (VI)). Štirideset samcev podgan je bilo naključno razdeljenih v štiri skupine: skupina I - kontrolna skupina, skupina II, ki je v pitni vodi 12 tednov prejemala 1000 mg/L kalijevega dikromata (353,5 mg/L Cr (VI)), skupina III, ki je peroralno 12 tednov prejemala 3,7 g/kg telesne mase/dan GSO ter skupina IV, ki je 12 tednov prejemala GSO skupaj s kalijevim dikromatom. Cr(VI) je znatno zvišal serumske ravni sečnine, kreatinina, kalija in glukoze v serumu. Poleg tega je Cr(VI) zvišal raven MDA in povzročil poškodbe ledvičnega tkiva in poškodbe DNK. Po drugi strani je Cr(VI) znižal serumsko raven natrija in antioksidativnega obrambnega sistema, zmanjšal raven glutationske peroksidaze in katalaze. Dodajanje GSO poskusnim živalim je preprečilo zvišanje ravni sečnine v serumu, kreatinina, kalija, natrija in glukoze. Poleg tega je GSO izboljšal obrambni sistem antioksidantov ledvičnega tkiva. Zaradi svojega zdravilnega učinka je izboljšal zlasti oksidativni stres, poškodbe ledvičnega tkiva in DNK. Rezultati kažejo, da je GSO obetavno zaščitno sredstvo za ledvica pri toksični obremenitvi, povzročeni s Cr(VI).Ključne besede: olje grozdnih pešk; heksavalentni krom; nefrotoksičnost; poškodba DNK
Archaeology of early medieval peasantry in the Basque Country: Landscapes, economic trends and societal change in Álava
Authors: Quirós Castillo Juan Antonio
Published: October 2020

The aim of this paper is to analyse early medieval economic trends and social change in the Basque Country, using a bottom-up approach that includes multiproxy archaeological evidence. Though comparisons will be made with other Northern Iberian areas, the study focuses on the 3,000 km2 Basque province of Álava, where research has been intense in the last decade. The work primarily relies on records of settlement patterns, paleoenvironmental evidence, field systems, livestock management, food patterns and crop production. Diachronic study of farming and livestock practices show patterns of socio-political interaction between local communities and elite agency in the Early Medieval Age. The main topics analysed are the emergence of local communities, the nucleation process, the use of common resources, the agency of village leaders and the formation of lordships.
Evasão no curso de bacharelado em Engenharia Civil do Instituto Federal de Minas Gerais – Campus Avançado Piumhi
Authors: Rodrigues Luzia Rezende , Biaggi Daniela Agnezini , Soares Isadora Martins , Pereira Sara Landi Machado , Pereira Antonio Sérgio Souza , Soares Denilson Junio Marques
Published: October 2020

A evasão é um dos males que aflige a todos os tipos de instituições de ensino e tem assumido preocupantes proporções no âmbito das Instituições de Ensino Superior –IES. Este estudo surgiu do interesse em conhecer como esse fenômeno se manifesta no Curso de Engenharia Civil do Instituto Federal de Minas Gerais – Campus Avançado Piumhi. Com o intuito de investigar as causas da evasão nas turmas que ingressaram no período de 2014/2 a 2018/1, procedeu-se à análise do perfil do estudante evadido, a partir da realização de testes estatísticos com dados fornecidos pelo registro acadêmico do curso. Os resultados sinalizam que, em sua maioria, o estudante evadido é homem, solteiro, oriundo de escola pública, reside com seus pais e possui renda familiar de até três salários mínimos. Dessa forma, buscou-se a compreensão da complexidade das relações que se desenvolvem no ambiente acadêmico e que podem vir a serem causadores desse fenômeno. Depreende-se, a partir das análises realizadas, que a questão socioeconômica é um fator que influencia direta e indiretamente na decisão de evasão do estudante.
Palavras chaves: Evasão. Retenção. Engenharia Civil.
 
Evasion in the civil engineering bachelor’s course of the Federal Institute of Minas Gerais – advanced Piumhi
Abstract
Evasion is one of the ills that afflict all types of educational institutions and has assumed alarming proportions in the context of Higher Education Institutions -HES. This study arose from the interest in knowing how this phenomenon manifests itself in the Civil Engineering Course of the Federal Institute of Education, Science and Technology of Minas Gerais – Piumhi Advanced Campus. In order to investigate the causes of evasion in the groups that entered the period from 2014/2 to 2018/1, proceeded to analyze the profile of the evade student, based on statistical tests with data provided by the academicrecord of the course. The results indicate that, for the most part, he is a man, single, from a public school, resides with his parents and has a family income of up to three minimum wages. Thus, we sought to understand the complexity of relationships that develop in the academic environment and that may be the cause of this phenomenon. It can be inferred from the analyzes made that the socioeconomic question is a factor that directly and indirectly in the student's avoidance decision today.
Keywords: Evasion. Retention. Civil Engineering.
Editorial: La coherencia: Rasgo esencial del proceso investigativo y de los documentos científico
Authors: Álvarez Aguilar Nivia Tomasa
Published: October 2020

Existen abundantes y diversas fuentes que abordan aspectos relacionados con
la metodología científica, por lo que a veces dudamos de nuestra oportunidad
para escribir algo novedoso o al menos interesante sobre alguna arista de este
tema. Pero a su vez, comprendemos que la actividad científica demanda de un
constante aprendizaje y el propio accionar práctico nos enseña que siempre es
posible aprender algo, aun cuando pensamos que poseamos un buen dominio
del quehacer investigativo.
Regeneración de las células ciliadas auditivas: Un tratamiento potencial para los problemas de oído en el horizonte
Authors: Lewis Rebecca M. , Rubel Edwin W. , Stone Jennifer S.
Published: October 2020

La audición requiere de la buena salud de las células ciliadas (vello) para garantizar que el sonido se detecte y procese correctamente. Éstas se degeneran y mueren con la edad o por la exposición a sonido intenso, entre otras causas, y normalmente no se regeneran. Se presentan algunos resultados de la investigación sobre la posible regeneración de las células ciliadas cocleares que sugieren que existe la posibilidad de un tratamiento para la discapacidad auditiva debida a esta enfermedad.
Análisis estrés-resistencia Weibull con parámetro de forma β diferente mediante el uso de Weibull++ y la relación cerrada Weibull-Gumbel
Authors: Baro-Tijerina Manuel
Published: October 2020

La confiabilidad de un producto cuando este se somete a un estrés variante
se calcula mediante la probabilidad de que la resistencia (S) inherente, sea
mayor al estrés (s). Dado que el estrés es una variable y el producto es una
variable aleatoria también, entonces, el análisis de su confiabilidad se realiza
con la metodología estrés-resistencia. Lamentablemente, cuando el estrés y la
resistencia siguen una distribución Weibull, los parámetros de forma β del estrés
y resistencia serán diferentes debido al medio ambiente y dado que la distribución
Weibull no tiene propiedad aditiva, no existe solución cerrada en este caso. Este
manuscrito presenta un método de análisis estrés-resistencia Weibull para β1≠β2,
basado en la relación Weibull/Gumbell.
EXPERIMENTAL METHOD USING ARC WIND TUNNEL TO SIMULATE A NEW TECHNIQUE FOR COMMUNICATING WITH A REENTRY PROBE HAVING A THERMAL SHIELD MADE OF LATS MATERIALS
Authors: Bendoukha Sidi Ahmed , Okuyama Kei-Ichi , Szasz Bianca , Shimoda Takayuki
Published: October 2020

Entering a planetary atmosphere is one of the most claim missions as the space probe faces a loss of communication, acknowledged as communication blackout, due to the plasma sheath occurred, caused by temperatures of several thousand degrees in front of the space probe. This paper presents a study about a new method of communication called end of radio silence using the arc heating facilities of Japan. The purpose of the experiment was to test a heat shield equipped with transmitter placed behind it, in a plasma flow of high enthalpy. A receiver was installed in the shroud of the vacuum chamber, protected from the hot gas. Another purpose was to study the behavior of a new type of ablative materials called LATS (Light-weight Ablator Series for Transfer Vehicle Systems) for protecting the space probe against severe heating. The experiment was carried out by using LATS, placed in front of the transmitter for several megawatts per square meter of heat flux. The main measured data are the surface temperature, the thermal performances like mass recession rate, the temperature of transmitter and the electrical parameters as received signal strength indicator RSSI.
CAPITAL ASSET PRICING MODEL TESTING IN WEST AFRICA ECONOMIC AND MONETARY UNION STOCK MARKET: THE CASE OF IVORIAN LISTED FIRMS
Authors: Yannick Gahé Zimy Samuel , Hongzhong Zhao , Allate Brou Matthias , Belinga Thierry
Published: October 2020

This paper investigates the validity of Capital Asset Pricing Model (CAPM) for the West African Economic and Monetary Union (WAEMU) stock market using monthly stock returns of twenty Côte d’Ivoire’s listed firms from January 2002 to December 2011. We split this interval into different time periods. Each one of them has also been divided into two different sub-periods among which one served as estimation mean and the second one helped to test the estimated parameters obtained using a times series regression. Afterwards some statistical tests have been conducted to see whether the CAPM’s hypotheses hold or not. The findings showed that higher risk is not associated with higher level of return within the study area. Also, there was no relation between stock return and non-systemic risk except for one period where we found evidence that stock returns were affected by other risk than the systematic risk. On the contrary the stock expected rate of return had a linear relationship with the systematic risk. The study suggested that the listed companies consider other factors and variables which could explain their returns.
Abordagem do Ensino de Física na perspectiva da Noção de Relação com o Saber:
Authors: ROBSON SILVA DO NASCIMENTO WILLDSON , PIRES DE CAMARGO EDER , DOS SANTOS CORREIA EANES
Published: October 2020

Neste trabalho foi feito um mapeamento do “estado da arte” das publicações realizadas no Simpósio Nacional de Ensino de Física-SNEF e no Encontro de Pesquisa em Ensino de Física- EPEF, com o intuito de verificar a produção dos pesquisadores em Ensino de Física na perspectiva da Noção de Relação com o Saber. O objetivo central foi traçar um perfil da produção brasileira sobre o Ensino de Física na perspectiva da Noção de Relação com o Saber, e a partir deste, identificar alguns aspectos relevantes ou lacunas na produção. Quanto ao método utilizado, realizou-se uma exploração bibliográfica, buscando identificar a forma, o conteúdo e o universo geográfico que essa produção apresenta a partir de dados quantitativos e qualitativos coletados no período dos últimos seis anos. Os resultados apontam para uma tímida publicação em relação a Noção de Relação com o Saber.
RELAÇÃO COM SABER E AS NARRATIVAS DOS ALUNOS SOBRE SEUS PERCURSOS
Authors: DIZERBO ANNE
Published: October 2020

Essa contribuição investiga os efeitos da produção das narrativas do percurso escolar por alunos do oitavo ano do Ensino Fundamental II sobre a perspectiva de sua relação ao saber em um registro identitário e epistêmico. Ela se baseia numa pesquisa intervenção (DUSCHESNE ET LAUREBOURG, 2012), inscrita na perspectiva epistemológica e metodológica da pesquisa biográfica em educação, se apoiando em entrevistas coletivas e individuais. Essas ultimas visam compreender como acompanhar os alunos em um percurso, permitindo-lhes interagir lucidamente com o meio em constante movimento e se orientar.
RELAÇÃO DO DOCENTE COM O SABER E COM O ENSINAR
Authors: ROBERTA SASSET ZANETTE CARLA , STECANELA NILDA
Published: October 2020

Este estudo filia-se ao campo de investigação sobre a teoria da relação com o saber, desenvolvida por Charlot (2000) e sua equipe de pesquisa sobre Educação, Socialização e Comunidades Locais (ESCOL). As problematizações têm como foco compreender os sentidos atribuídos pelos docentes de Língua Portuguesa ao processo de ensinar, evocando seus desejos, medos, percepções. Como procedimento metodológico, foi realizada pesquisa de campo, utilizando um instrumento semiestruturado, com questões abertas e fechadas. Do processo de decifração das narrativas, emergiram duas temáticas que se relacionam com o que mobiliza o docente a ensinar. Nesse sentido, e, por ser parte de uma pesquisa em desenvolvimento, os resultados parciais evidenciam que compreender a relação do docente com o ensinar pressupõe entender a relação com o saber, em suas diferentes dimensões.
EVASÃO ESCOLAR NO CURSO TÉCNICO DE NÍVEL MÉDIO INTEGRADO EM ELETROTÉCNICA DO CAMPUS ARACAJU:
Authors: SAMARA DINIZIA BISPO PAULA , BOZI FERRETE RODRIGO
Published: October 2020

O referido artigo pretende discutir a temática da evasão escolar no Curso Técnico de Nível Médio Integrado em Eletrotécnica do Campus Aracaju. Os elevados índices de evasão escolar neste curso ofertado pelo Instituto Federal de Sergipe (IFS) motivaram a realização desta pesquisa. Este estudo será realizado a partir dos métodos de pesquisa bibliográfica e análise documental desenvolvidos na abordagem qualitativa, na modalidade estudo de caso. Esta pesquisa apresenta como objetivo geral: compreender as causas e consequências do processo de evasão escolar no Instituto Federal de Sergipe, a partir da análise da Regulamentação da Organização Didática (ROD) e do Projeto Pedagógico do Curso (PPC). As discussões serão embasadas principalmente na discussão teórica dos autores Bernard Charlot, Rosemary Dore e Ana Lüscher.