bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The effectiveness of lifestyle modification in reducing hypertension in family medicine clinics: a systematic review
Authors: Alzahrani Hussam , Alqahtani Abdulhadi , Alshebly Abdulelah , Asiri Moneerah , Alzainy Ibrahim , Imam Kamel
Published: February 2025

Hypertension is a leading global health concern, significantly contributing to cardiovascular morbidity and mortality. Lifestyle interventions, including dietary modifications, physical activity, and weight management, are established non-pharmacological approaches to reduce blood pressure. This study synthesized evidence from various trials and observational studies to evaluate the efficacy and sustainability of lifestyle interventions in managing hypertension. A comprehensive review of 13 studies, including randomized controlled trials, cohort studies, and interventional designs, was conducted. Studies included adults with hypertension or high cardiovascular risk profiles and evaluated lifestyle interventions such as the DASH diet, physical activity programs, and culturally tailored behavioral strategies. Outcomes assessed included changes in systolic and diastolic blood pressure, adherence rates, and additional cardiovascular risk factors over varied follow-up periods. Lifestyle interventions demonstrated consistent reductions in systolic blood pressure, ranging from 3.5 to 12.5 mmHg, and diastolic blood pressure, ranging from 2.0 to 7.9 mmHg. Combined approaches, such as dietary modifications with supervised physical activity and weight loss, showed the greatest efficacy. Long-term adherence, however, was variable, with partial weight regain and corresponding blood pressure increases observed in some studies. Sociocultural tailoring of interventions enhanced engagement and adherence, particularly in underserved populations. Factors such as education, self-efficacy, and social support significantly influenced intervention success. Lifestyle interventions were effective in managing hypertension and reducing cardiovascular risk. Tailored strategies addressing adherence barriers and sociocultural factors were critical for sustaining long-term benefits. Further research is needed to evaluate scalable and accessible interventions for diverse populations.
Kredi Büyümesi ile Cari Açık Arasındaki Uzun Dönemli İlişkinin Analizi: Türkiye Örneği
Authors: Bakır Yiğitbaş Şehnaz
Published: February 2025

Bu makale, Türkiye’de kredi büyümesinin cari açık üzerindeki etkisini araştırılmaktadır. Cari açık üzerine yapılan araştırmalarda genellikle yapısal değişkenlerin etkileri analiz edilmesine rağmen finansal değişkenlerin etkisi daha az incelenmiştir. Bu araştırmanın literatürdeki bu boşluğu doldurması beklenmektedir. Cari açık ve finansal değişkenler arasındaki ilişkiyi ampirik olarak analiz etmek için ARDL (The Autoregressive Distributed Lag) modeli kurulmuş, bağımlı değişken olarak cari işlemler hesabı, açıklayıcı değişkenler olarak finansal değişkenler (kredi büyümesi, finansal derinlik) ekonomik büyüme, bütçe dengesi, reel faiz ve reel kur modele dahil edilmiştir. 2006-2022 çeyrek dönemlik veriler kullanılan analizde bulgular, Türkiye’de kredi büyümesindeki artışın cari işlemler dengesinde bozulmaya yol açtığını göstermektedir. Ayrıca, finansal derinlik ve cari işlemler dengesi arasında negatif yönlü bir ilişki tespit edilmektedir.
Inteligencia Artificial y su regulación en el comercio internacional: análisis comparativo.
Authors:   Universidad Veracruzana, Cuellar Gutiérrez Rosa María , Meza Limón Aldo Giovanny ,   Universidad Veracruzana
Published: February 2025

El comercio internacional enfrenta oportunidades y desafíos complejos en un entorno globalizado por la falta de información y desactualización, incluyendo la gestión eficiente de la cadena de suministro, la optimización de rutas logísticas, la predicción de la demanda, la personalización de ofertas para diversos mercados y la detección de fraudes. La implementación de la inteligencia artificial (IA) en el comercio internacional ofrece soluciones potenciales para estos problemas, permitiendo una mayor eficiencia, reducción de costos, y la toma de decisiones coherente y congruente. Sin embargo, la utilización de IA presenta sus propios desafíos, como la integración con sistemas existentes, la recolección y manejo de grandes volúmenes de datos, y la necesidad de adaptarse continuamente a un entorno en constante cambio e incertidumbre.

La implementación de inteligencia artificial en el comercio internacional ha demostrado, ser una estrategia efectiva para abordar los desafíos complejos de la globalización y mejorar la eficiencia operativa al promover un sistema de comercio universal. Todo esto se debe a que los países que implementan aumentan significativamente las exportaciones e importaciones de los países en desarrollo conforme a las decisiones de la Organización Mundial del Comercio, obteniendo que las exportaciones e importaciones sean transparentes y sencillas y faciliten el acceso a los mercados. Enfocándonos en las leyes, reglamentos y regulaciones de la IA que hasta el momento existen en el mundo. Además, se ofrece al lector un análisis comparativo de las normativas implementadas por grandes potencias como Estados Unidos, la Unión Europea, China y Japón. Finalmente se discuten las estrategias regulatorias de estos países y su impacto en la exportación e importación de tecnologías basadas en IA, destacando las diferencias y similitudes en sus enfoques.
Private Blockchain-based Procurement and Asset Management System with QR Code
Authors:   AMA University, Philippines, Hugo Alonel , Ngo Gerard Nathaniel ,   AMA University, Philippines
Published: February 2025

Purpose–The study aims to incorporateprivate Blockchaintechnology in the procurementprocess forthe supplyoffice. The procurement process includes the canvassing, purchasing, delivery, and inspection of items, inventory, and disposal. The Blockchain-based systemincludes a distributed ledger technology, peer-to-peer network, Proof-of-Authority consensus mechanism, and SHA3-512cryptographic hash function algorithm. Thiswill ensure trust and proper accountability to the custodian of the propertywhile safeguarding sensitive informationin the procurement records.

Method–The extreme prototyping model will be used as a software development life cycle. It is mostly used for web-basedapplicationsand has increased user involvement. The prototype version of the system allows the users to get a betterunderstanding of the system being developed. It also reduces time and cost, has quicker userfeedback, missing and difficultfunctions can be recognized,and confusing processes can be addressed at anearly stage.

Conclusion–The implementation of aprivate Blockchain technology has increased privacy, enhanced security, improved efficiency, and reduced complexity over traditional Blockchain networks.The use of SHA3-512 as a cryptographic hash function algorithmis much faster than its predecessors when cryptography is handled by hardware components. Furthermore, itis not vulnerable to length extensionattacksmaking it reliable in terms of security of data.

Recommendations–Thestudy recommends the use of private Blockchain-based technology with the procurement and asset management system in the supply office.The procurement records will be protected against tampering using thistechnology.This will promote the trust and confidence of the stakeholders.

PracticalImplications–The implementation of Blockchaintechnology indeveloping asystemserved as advancement and innovation in terms of securing data.

Keywords–private Blockchain, procurement, supply office, proof of authority, SHA3-512
Modified Least Significant Bit Algorithm Applied in Digital Image Signature
Authors:   College of Information Systems and Technology Management,Pamantasan ng Lungsod ng Maynila, Philippines, Barrios Gabriel Nicoh , Gundayao Youzelle Migo ,   College of Information Systems and Technology Management,Pamantasan ng Lungsod ng Maynila, Philippines, Santoyo Francis Emanuel ,   College of Information Systems and Technology Management,Pamantasan ng Lungsod ng Maynila, Philippines, Agustin Vivien ,   College of Information Systems and Technology Management,Pamantasan ng Lungsod ng Maynila, Philippines, Cortez Dan Michael ,   College of Information Systems and Technology Management,Pamantasan ng Lungsod ng Maynila, Philippines, Dioses Raymund ,   College of Information Systems and Technology Management,Pamantasan ng Lungsod ng Maynila, Philippines, Morano Jonathan ,   College of Information Systems and Technology Management,Pamantasan ng Lungsod ng Maynila, Philippines
Published: February 2025

Purpose–This study aims to improve the embedding process and the integration of an additional layer of security to enhance the overall security of the based Least Significant Bit Algorithm.

Method–The study incorporated the use of NTRUEncryptfor the encryption of the plaintext message, and a randomized embedding technique by generating random pixel locations based on the Lorenz Chaos System.This wasassessed using histogramanalysis to showthedifference between the original and the stego-image, MeanSquaredError(MSE), and Peak signal-to-noise ratio(PSNR).

Results–The modification has been evaluated using a histogram along with the result of its PSNR and MSE, at which the modified least significant bit algorithm obtains the highest PSNR score of 77.078%and the lowest MSE score of 0.0012%forthe 512x512 image size,which resulted in a less distorted image and better quality of the image compared to the original base LSB.

Conclusion–The modification of the least significant bit algorithm successfully implemented a randomized embedding process through the Lorenz System and encrypted the secret message through NTRUEncrypt before embedding to further secure the message inside the image. Image distortion was also lessened as tested from the different sizes of images, which were testedthrough the PSNR and MSE metrics.

Recommendations–The study suggests the implication of machine learning algorithms in generating key pixel locations for data embedding and the use of text compression algorithms to reduce the size of the embeddedsecret message.

Research Implications–This study is a significant resource for future researchersinterested in exploring literature on image steganography and secure communication.Thus, it introduces a novel approach by integrating lattice-based encryption and chaos systems, thereby enhancing secure communication through digital image steganography.

Keywords–digital image signature,image steganography, least significant bit, Lorenz system, NTRUEncrypt
SHARITY: A Spare Sharing Community App
Authors:   Wesleyan University–Philippines, Philippines, Tumibay Jazmine Liberty , Nieves Roice Mico ,   Wesleyan University–Philippines, Philippines, Arceo Ezekiel ,   Wesleyan University–Philippines, Philippines, Villar Galilee ,   Wesleyan University–Philippines, Philippines, Santos Hilda ,   Wesleyan University–Philippines, Philippines, Bautista Joshua ,   Wesleyan University–Philippines, Philippines
Published: February 2025

Purpose –The study aimed to create a platform that enable individuals within a community to share or lend their spare resources, request food or items from others in the community through the platform, and ensure that the web application was usable, functional, efficient, and reliable.

Method –The researchers used the RAD approach which is ideally suited to adapt to changes in the applications, such as features, functionalities, and upgrades. To determine the usability, functionality, efficiency and reliability, evaluation was administered using the 5-point Likert scale. Lastly, to determine the consistency of data collected by the researchers, Cronbach's Alpha (α) was used.

Results –The web and mobile applications scored highest in functionality and usability, while the app excelled in efficiency and reliability. Both web and mobile apps received positive feedbackfor their user-friendly interfaces and effective functionalities.

Conclusion –From the design, development and series of testing, the web application was successfully developed. The platform developed allowing the users to share spare food or resources, lend/borrow items, and post requests for assistance was indeed successful.

Recommendations –The researchers have only implemented SMS OTP as a security feature. It must have added security features for users to prevent their accounts from being breached and their identities from being stolen.

Research Implications –The resulting data has shown that the SHARITY app can be an effective tool in promoting community engagement and collaboration in terms of sharing of foods and resources.

Keywords –Bayanihan, community pantry, spare sharing, rapid application development, mobile web application
Computer-Generated Sand Mixtures and Sand-based Images
Authors:   CenterofResearchandDevelopment,WesternInstituteofTechnology, Philippines, Subong Ryan , Subong AlmaJean ,   School of ICT, West Visayas State University, Philippines
Published: February 2025

Purpose–This paper aims to verify the effectiveness of the software implementation of the proposed algorithm in creating computer-generated images of sand mixtures using a photograph of sand as an input and its effectiveness in converting digital pictures into sand-based images out of the mixtures it generated.

Method–Visually compare the photographed image of the actual mixtures to its computer-generated counterpart to verify if the mixture generation produces results as expected and compare the computer-generated sand-based images with its source to verify image reproduction maintains same image content.

Results–The mixture comparison shows that the actual and the computer-generated ones have similar overall shade and color. Still, the generated one has a rougher texture and higher contrast due to the method of inheriting visual features by pixel, not by individual sand particles. The comparison of the sand-based image and its source has demonstratedthe software's ability to maintain the essence of its contents during conversion while replacing its texture with the visual properties of the generated sand mixture.

Conclusion–The software implementation of the proposed algorithm can effectively use the images of sand to generate images of its mixtures and use those mixture images to converta digital picture into a computer-generated sand-based image.

Recommendations–Explore the possibility of revising the method of inheriting visual features of sands by individual sand particles in generating images of sand mixtures instead of inheriting by pixel to improve the accuracy of the image generation.

ResearchImplications–Automating the sand ratio generation eliminates some of the manual processes involved in creating sand-based artworks, increasing their production efficiency.

Keywords–imageprocessing,computer-generatedimages,disperse-dot,sandar
Stock Price Predictor: Implementing Stocks Predictive Model Using Deep Learning
Authors:   College of Computer Studies, Engineering, and Architecture,La Salle University –Ozamiz, Philippines, Abucay Guy Alexander , Almonia Karl Cristian ,   College of Computer Studies, Engineering, and Architecture,La Salle University –Ozamiz, Philippines, Buray Ruel Dean ,   College of Computer Studies, Engineering, and Architecture,La Salle University –Ozamiz, Philippines, Gangoso Earl Peter ,   College of Computer Studies, Engineering, and Architecture,La Salle University –Ozamiz, Philippines
Published: February 2025

Purpose–This paper proposes a novel deep neural network model, specifically long short-term memory (LSTM) networks,for predicting stock prices using historical data and financial indicators.

Method–LTSM can handle long sequenceswhile capturing temporal dependencies, making it an excellent choice for NLP or timeseries. The model is trained and tested on the Ayala Corporation (AYALY)stock dataset from 2016 to 2019, using four financial indicators: earnings per share (EPS), EPS growth, price/earnings ratio, and price/earnings-to-growth ratio.

Results–The results show that the model achieves high accuracy and outperforms other Deep Neural Network variantsas confirmed by assessing its performance using suitable metrics like mean squared error and mean absolute error.It effectively explored and selected relevant financial indicators, implemented data preprocessing techniques, and trained the model using historical data.

Conclusion–The projecteffectively explored and selected relevant financial indicators and trained LSTM modelsusing historical data, and, thus,met its objectives todevelop a deep neural network model for stock price prediction.

Recommendations–The authors recommend that future researchers continue to explore the integration of a diverse set of financial indicators, employ rigorous comparative analyses, and experiment with different time frames for future predictionsto further enhance prediction accuracy.

Research Implications–This papercontributesto the ongoing development of machine-learning studies, especially in the Philippines, particularly fortime-series forecasting. With more accurate predictions of stock prices, the study could enable investors to make informed investment decisions, trading strategies,and financial decision-making processes.

Keywords–DeepNeural Network, Long Short-Term Memory (LSTM) Networks, Machine Learning, Stock Price Prediction, Time Series Forecasting
Evaluasi Kinerja Keuangan Pemerintah Daerah Melalui Analisis Rasio Keuangan APBD Dalam Era Otonomi Daerah Pada Pemerintah Daerah Kota Madiun Tahun 2019-2022
Authors: Nurrohman Aan , Suwarningtyas Ayu , Amir Vaisal
Published: February 2025

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui kemampuan keuangan daerah dan kinerja keuangan pemerintah dalam mendukung pelaksanaan otonomi daerah di Kota Madiun tahun anggaran 2019-2022. Metode pengumpulan data yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini menggunakan metode dokumentasi. Teknik analisis data yang digunakan yaitu menggunakan analisis rasio pemerintah daerah (rasio kemandirian keuangan daerah, rasio efektivitas dan efesiensi pendapatan asli daerah, rasio keserasian, dan rasio pertumbuhan) dengan pendekatan deskriptif kuantitatif. Berdasarkan hasil penelitian dapat disimpulkan bahwa rasio kemandirian keuangan daerah berada pada kriteria rendah yaitu persentase dibawah 50%. Pada rasio efektivitas pengelolaan keuangan Pemerintah Daerah Kota Madiun berada pada kriteria sangat efektif dengan persentase diatas 100%. Rasio efesiensi pengelolaan keuangan Pemerintah Daerah Kota Madiun terbilang tidak efisien karena persentase yang diperoleh diatas 100%. Rasio keserasian menunjukkan antara belanja operasi dan belanja modal belum seimbang. Rasio belanja operasi berada pada kriteria baik karena persentase yang diperoleh diatas 50%, namun pada rasio belanja modal berada pada kriteria tidak baik karena persentase yang diperoleh dibawah 50%. Pada tingkat rasio pertumbuhan berada pada kriteria rendah karena seluruh komponen rasio pertumbuhan yang meliputi rasio pertumbuhan pendapatan asli daerah (PAD), rasio pertumbuhan pendapatan, rasio pertumbuhan belanja operasi dan rasio pertumbuhan belanja modal seluruhnya memperoleh hasil persentase dibawah 25%.
Pengaruh Pengetahuan Perpajakan, Sanksi Perpajakan, dan Perkembangan Teknologi Perpajakan terhadap kepatuhan Wajib pajak Orang Pribadi UMKM di Kota Semarang
Authors: Sudiarto Michele , Santoso Eko Budi
Published: February 2025

Perkembangan UMKM di Indonesia sangat penting untuk pertumbuhan ekonomi negara. Pengusaha UMKM yaitu tercatat mencapai 65 juta dan akan terus bertambah setiap tahunnya, hal ini merupakan hal yang baik bagi perekonomian negara dan pemerintah ikut mendukung pertumbuhan UMKM. Pajak yang dikenakan kepada UMKM yaitu salah satunya pajak penghasilan (PPh). Salah satu wilayah pajak adalah Jawa Tengah dimana pada tahun 2021, kepatuhannya mencapai 72% tetapiÂ  kontribusi kepatuhan bagi non karyawan hanya 9%. Pada tahun 2021, jumlah pertumbuhan UMKM terbesar di Jawa Tengah adalahÂ  di Kota SemarangÂ  sebesar 91.000 UMKM yang telah memiliki ijin dan terdapat sekitar 29.000 UMKM yang telah difasilitasi Pemkot Semarang. Pengumpulan data dilakukan dengan membagikan kuesioner secara daring kepada pemilik UMKM di Kota Semarang dan sampel yang didapatkan adalah 175 responden. Pengambilan sampel yaitu dengan metode purposive sampling. Analisis data dilakukan dengan regresi linear berganda dimana hasilnya, pengetahuan perpajakan berpengaruh positif terhadap kepatuhan wajib pajak orang pribadi UMKM di Kota Semarang. Lalu sanksi perpajakan juga berpengaruh positif terhadap kepatuhan wajib pajak orang pribadi UMKM di Kota Semarang. Sedangkan perkembangan teknologi tidak berpengaruh terhadap kepatuhan wajib pajak orang pribadi UMKM di Kota Semarang.
Pengaruh Pemahaman Perpajakan, Sanksi Pajak, Machiavellian, dan Love of Money Terhadap Persepsi Etika Penggelapan Pajak Dengan Religiusitas Sebagai Variabel Moderasi (Studi Kasus Pada Mahasiswa Akuntansi Universitas Islam Syekh-Yusuf Tangerang)
Authors: Kristanti Kristanti , Phany Saniyyah Azhar
Published: February 2025

Abstrak
Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui pengaruh pemahaman perpajakan, sanksi pajak, Machiavellian, dan love of money terhadap persepsi etika penggelapan pajak dengan religiusitas sebagai variabel moderasi. Penelitian ini menggunakan pendekatan kuantitatif dengan menggunakan data primer yang diperoleh melalui penyebaran kuesioner pada responden. Responden pada penelitian ini yaitu mahasiswa akuntansi Universitas Islam Syekh-Yusuf. Adapun teknik pengambilan sampel yang digunakan yaitu non-probability sampling  dengan jumlah responden sebanyak 95 responden dan menggunakan software Smart PLS 3 untuk mengolah data. Hasil penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa pemahaman perpajakan dan love of money secara parsial berpengaruh terhadap persepsi etika penggelapan pajak, sedangkan sanksi pajak dan Machiavellian secara parsial tidak berpengaruh terhadap persepsi etika penggelapan pajak. Religiusitas sebagai variabel moderasi secara parsial tidak dapat memoderasi pemahaman perpajakan, sanksi pajak, Machiavellian, dan love of money terhadap persepsi etika penggelapan pajak.
Pengaruh Pemeriksaan Pajak, Sanksi Pajak, Omset, Dan Pemahaman Peraturan Terhadap Kepatuhan PBJT Di Kabupaten Kulon Progo
Authors: Sasmita Raymundo Patria Hayu , Sardjono Muhammad Fajar Nugroho
Published: February 2025

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui pengaruh pemeriksaan pajak, sanksi pajak, omset, dan pemahaman peraturan terhadap kepatuhan pajak barang dan jasa tertentu atas makanan dan/atau minuman di Kabupaten Kulon Progo. Penelitian ini menggunakan data primer dengan kuesioner dan pemilihan sampel dengan kriteria wajib pajak barang dan jasa tertentu perorangan yang terdaftar di Badan dan Keuangan Aset Daerah Kabupaten Kulon Progo. Sampel yang digunakan sebanyak 103 sampel dari 206 wajib pajak yang terdaftar. Data yang telah dikumpulkan selanjutnya diolah menggunakan program SPSS. Hasil pada penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa pemeriksaan pajak dan pemahaman peraturan berpengaruh signifikan positif sedangkan sanksi pajak dan omset tidak berpengaruh terhadap kepatuhan wajib pajak barang dan jasa tertentu atas makanan dan/ atau minuman.
Mutluluk Ekonomisi ve Kamu Politikası
Authors: Karadağ Duymazlar Yaprak , Açıkgöz Bernur , Önemli Burak
Published: February 2025

Geleneksel kalkınma anlayışının yerini sürdürülebilir kalkınmaya ve insani gelişmeye bırakması, refahın yeniden değerlendirilmesini gerekli kılmıştır. Ekonomik refahın göstergesi olarak kabul edilen milli gelirin toplumların refahını yansıtmada yetersiz kalması nedeniyle mutluluk ölçümlerinden yararlanılarak yeni göstergelerin oluşturulması çabası, içinde bulunduğumuz yüzyılda giderek yaygınlaşmaktadır. Mutluluğu belirleyen iktisadi değişkenler ve iktisadi politikaların olası etkileri üzerine interdisipliner çalışmaların yürütüldüğü mutluluk ekonomisi, politik karar alma süreçlerine ampirik temelli bulgular sunan bir çalışma alanıdır. Bu çalışma, mutluluk ekonomisi bulgularının ve mutluluk ölçümlerinin kamu politikasına dâhil edilme sürecini ortaya koymayı amaçlamaktadır. Mutluluk ve kamu politikası ilişkisi, alandaki teorik tartışmalar ve bu tartışmaların getirdiği yenilikçi girişimler çerçevesinde sunulmuştur. Uluslararası uygulama ve ülke örneklerinin yanında, kalkınma planları ve yaşam memnuniyeti araştırmaları bağlamında Türkiye’deki durum da değerlendirilmiştir. Bu sayede çalışma, kamu politika yapım süreçlerinde mutluluk ekonomisi bulgularının ve mutluluk ölçümlerinin somut bir şekilde nasıl yer alabileceğini göstererek, literatüre katkı sağlamaktadır. Çalışmanın sonucunda, mutluluğun dâhil edildiği yeni refah göstergeleri oluşturma girişimlerinin ulusal ve uluslararası düzeyde varlığı tespit edilmiştir. Dahası, ülkelerin kamu politikalarında mutluluğu teşvik edecek uygulamaları hayata geçirdiği ve mutluluğun kamu politikasının hedeflerinden biri haline geldiği gözlenmiştir.
Understanding Bourgeois Economist John Maynard Keynes: A Political Economy Essay
Authors: Sarı Aksakal Betül
Published: February 2025

John Maynard Keynes is one of the most famous economists and intellectuals of the 20th century. With his political foresight, Keynes did an essential job rebuilding capitalism and reshaping the capitalist state. Many opinions have been put forward about Keynes throughout the historical process. Some of these views were motivated by the motivation to base Keynes' ideas on a political and economic system and doctrine (pro-capitalism or pro-socialism). Keynes's views in favor of state intervention caused him to be referred to as a socialist thought leader. However, it is thought that this is not the truth. Because the articles written by Keynes on his ideology cannot be ignored at this point, it is assumed that Keynes believed in capitalism, defended the interests of the bourgeoisie, and sometimes gave importance to the state apparatus to ensure the sustainability of capitalist capital accumulation on a world scale. The study in all these contexts aims to examine Keynes' ideological and political tendencies and, at this point, to draw a portrait of Keynesian economics beyond what is known. Thus, by considering Keynes's economic arguments, extensions, and reformulations of Keynesian theory, it is thought that a contribution can be made to the ongoing intellectual debates on how Keynes can and cannot be defined in an ideological context.
Income Disparity, Institutional Effectiveness, and Environmental Decline in Post-Soviet Economies: Insights from VEC and VAR Causality Methods
Authors: Yaşar Başkaraağaç Nermin
Published: February 2025

This research investigates how income distribution, and the quality of institutions influence environmental damage in post-Soviet economies from 1996 to 2020, employing advanced panel estimation techniques. To test Granger causality, we utilize two alternative methodological procedures: The VECM and the augmented level VAR model with integrated and co-integrated procedures of arbitrary orders suggested by Toda & Yamamoto (1995). Our primary finding suggests that although the VECM results do not uncover a causal relationship running from income distribution and institutional quality to CO2 emission, the Toda-Yamamoto approach indicates causality from the Gini index and the majority of the evaluated institutional quality indicators—such as control of corruption, government effectiveness, regulatory quality, and rule of law—to carbon dioxide emissions. Strong institutions bolster the enforcement of environmental policies, encourage sustainability, and mitigate emissions by ensuring compliance with regulations and responsible resource utilization. Addressing income inequality in observed countries is vital as it leads to consumption disparities and limited access to clean technologies, resulting in heightened carbon emissions and environmental degradation, especially pertinent in post-Soviet economies where adopting equitable economic policies alongside robust environmental regulations and governance is imperative.
International Reserve Accumulation in Emerging Market Economies: The Role of Global Factors
Authors: Kurul Zühal
Published: February 2025

This study examines whether global liquidity and risk matter for the international reserve accumulation in 46 countries characterized as Emerging Market Economies (EMEs) by the International Monetary Fund (IMF) from 2000 to 2019. By using panel data techniques and a broad dataset based on Lane and Milesi-Ferretti's (2022) External Wealth of Nations II database and various data sources for global factors, this paper first shows that global liquidity is positively associated with international reserve holdings. Second, in consideration of greater reliance on financial factors, it tests the joint effects of capital inflows, capital controls, and global factors and provides evidence that countries tend to accumulate larger international reserves as (i) external liabilities grow in periods of abundant global liquidity and (ii) capital control policy tightens in periods of high confidence loss. Finally, this work questions which type of capital inflow has a greater impact on international reserve holdings and whether the drivers of reserve accumulation evolved over the sample period. The results suggest that countries respond to FDI inflows more than other inflows, and the impacts of global liquidity and risk become more apparent between 2008 and 2019.
Türkiye’de Enflasyon Hedeflemesi Politikası Sürecinde Yatırımlar Üzerinde Faiz Oranlarındaki Değişmelerin Etkisi: Zaman Serisi Analizi
Authors: Durusoy Ömer Tanju
Published: February 2025

Bu çalışmanın temel amacı 2000’li yıllardan günümüze Türkiye’de özel sektör yatırımlarının zaman içerisinde gelişimini incelemek ve Türkiye’de faiz oranlarının özel sektör yatırımları üzerindeki etkisini test etmektir. Özellikle 2014 yılından itibaren yaşanan enflasyonist süreç ve sonrasında uygulanan faizi düşürme politikalarının özel sektör yatırımları üzerindeki etkilerin ayrıştırılması çalışmanın ayırıcı amaçlarından bir tanesidir. Bu çerçevede 2002-Q1 ve 2022-Q3 dönemleri arasında Türkiye’de yatırımlar ve faiz oranları arasındaki ilişki VAR Granger Nedensellik analizi ile incelenmektedir. Aynı zamanda değişkenler arasında itki-tepki analizleri yapılmıştır. Son olarak bu çalışma da varyans ayrıştırması analizi de gerçekleştirilmiştir. Sonuç olarak incelediğimiz dönemde reel faiz oranları ile özel sektör yatırımları arasında nedensellik ilişkisi bulunmuştur. Diğer bir ifade ile enflasyon hedeflemesi rejimi boyunca özel sektör yatırımları faiz oranlarındaki değişmelere oldukça duyarlıdır. Varyans ayrıştırması analizine göre ise, kısa dönemde, milli gelirdeki değişmeler yatırımlardaki değişmeleri güçlü bir şekilde açıklamaktadır. Diğer taraftan uzun dönemde ise yatırımlar üzerinde faiz oranlarındaki değişmelerin açıklama gücünün daha fazla olduğu görülmektedir.
Combined small-sided games and resistance training: Acute impact on physical capacity in young soccer players
Authors: Kusuma Ketut Chandra Adinata , Artanayasa I Wayan , Laksana Anak Agung Ngurah Putra , Kusuma I Dewa Made Aryananda Wijaya , Esaki Kazuki
Published: February 2025

Background Problems: There are not many studies concerning a method combining resistance training (RT) and small-sided games (SSG) shortly on young soccer players. Research Objectives: This study reveals the acute impact of the combination of resistance training with small-sided games on the physical capacity of young soccer players. Methods: Quasi Experiment with a pretest-posttest group design, involving sixty students of Undiksha Soccer Student Activity Unit using a simple random sampling technique. Thirty samples each entered the combined group (SSG+RT), the small-sided games only (SSG) group, and all were involved in training four times a week (four weeks). Two sessions of aerobic endurance, agility, and leg muscle power (LMP) data collection were conducted in the field. Data were analysed using one-way MANOVA assisted by SPSS 16.0 with a significance level of 5%. Findings and Results: One-way MANOVA test showed F value = 61.390 and sig. value 0.000 (p < 0.05), which means there was a significant effect on aerobic endurance, agility, and LMP in both groups. There was no difference in aerobic endurance results in the SSG+RT and SSG groups with a sig. value of 0.092 (p > 0.05), but there was a difference in the two groups in agility with a sig. value of 0.000 (p < 0.05) and LMP with a sig. value of 0.000 (p < 0.05). Conclusion: To improve aerobic endurance, agility, and LMP simultaneously, a combined training method can be implemented, namely integrating resistance training into small-sided games. The current findings can help to improve the performance of young soccer players in a short time. However, it is necessary to study more deeply other variables that have the potential to affect the results of the current findings, such as longer training times.
The Effects of Imagery Interventions on Track Start Performance in 14–16-Year-Old Swimmers: A Pilot Study
Authors: Yıldız Çakır Lale , Uludağ Uyaniker Sevil , Cin Merve , Sarı Mustafa Utku , Ülker İnci
Published: February 2025

This study aimed to determine the effects of a four-week imagery intervention on track start performance and imagery levels in swimmers. A total of 20 licensed athletes, consisting of 10 girls (mean age 15.6 ± 0.7 years) and 10 boys’ swimmers (mean age 15.8 ± 0.5 years), who train for 120 minutes per day, five days per week, voluntarily participated in the research. Prior to the imagery intervention, the athletes' track start performances were recorded as a pre-test using a GoPro Hero5 camera (GoPro, Inc., San Mateo, CA). The athletes’ imagery levels were measured with the Sport Imagery Questionnaire for Children (SIQ-C) developed by Hall et al. (2009) and adapted to Turkish by Kafkas (2011). Subsequently, athletes were guided through 15-minute imagery sessions, focusing on both internal and external perspectives, with the support of expert trainers before their daily training sessions for four weeks. In these sessions, video footage of freestyle world record holder Caeleb Dressel’s track starts was utilised as an imagery tool. Based on these examples, the athletes were instructed to perform internal and external imagery exercises. Following the intervention, the pre-test protocol was repeated as a post-test. The data were analyzed using a paired-sample t-test and independent sample t-test in SPSS 26. The results revealed a statistically significant improvement in the distance measurements of the athletes' track start performances and imagery levels.
Photolyse von 9,10-Äthanoanthracen-11-on (I)
Authors: Stauss U. , Härter H.P. , Schindler O.
Published: February 2025

The photochemically induced transformation of the ketone I to Anthracene (II) and Dianthracene (III) is described.
Konformationsanalyse von Pyranosen mit 13C-Resonanz
Authors: Voelter W. , Breitmaier E. , Price R. , Jung G.
Published: February 2025

The utility of 13C-NMR spectroscopy as a tool for conformational analysis in carbohydrate chemistry is described. The 13C atoms of axially oriented methoxy groups of methylglycosides absorb 1.5 to 2 ppm towards higher field than the equatorially oriented anomeric methoxy carbons. According to this rule in solution the methyl-D-arabinopyranosides should be present predominantly in the 1 C-conformation.
Über die Sequenzanalyse an Ribonukleinsäuren
Authors: Billeter Martin A.
Published: February 2025

Methods used for the nucleotide sequence determination of ribonucleic acids are reviewed. Special emphasis is given to a new approach to the sequence determination of bacteriophage Qß RNA using enzymatically synthesized RNA.
Composés d'addition des halogénures de niobium(V) et de tantale(V): II. Stabilité relative des composés des chlorures avec quelques éthers, sulfures et nitriles
Authors: Merbach A. , Bünzli J.-C.
Published: February 2025

New NMR methods for the determination of relative stability constants are developed. These methods are used for the study of niobium(V) and tantalum(V) chlorides adducts with series of ethers, sulfides, and nitriles. The relative stabilities of nitriles adducts are controlled by electronic factors; however for the ethers and sulfides adducts the steric factors are more important. The sulfides adducts with NbCl5 and TaCl5 are more stable than the ethers adducts. NbCl5 is a weaker Lewis acid than TaCl5 towards ethers and nitriles; it has also a softer behaviour.
Etude d'un amplificateur moléculaire monotherme à charbon et oxyde d'étain
Authors: Cosandey M. , Forte E.
Published: February 2025

The properties of a molecular amplifier based on the system C + SnO2 have been studied in a single oven followed by a column for separating CO and CO2 by VPC. Amplification factor are 1,78 per amplifier element at 970°C instead of the theoretical value 2, and 2,83 instead of 4 with two elements. The importance of temperature, grain diameter, mean life time and of the regeneration processes is discussed.
Azote asymétrique: racémisation et échange de deutérium dans des complexes macrocycliques
Authors: Sledziewska E. , Plachta L. , VonderSchmitt D. , Bernauer K.
Published: February 2025

Racemization kinetics of the Ni2+- and Cu2+-complexes of three macrocyclic ligands with coordinated nitrogen as asymmetric centers have been measured. Reaction rates of all the complexes are first order in complex concentration and in hydroxide ion concentration. Arrhenius activation energies are in general smaller for the copper compounds. Deuteration rates were measured for the Ni2+-complexe–[Ni(CH3)6-1,7-CT](NCS)2 (structure I) in a mixture of D2O and d6-dimethyl-sulfoxide at low pD-values. These rates are found to be higher by a factor of 400 than racemization rates under the same conditions, indicating mainly retention of configuration about the nitrogen center, as is found for inert N-asymmetric CoIII- and PtII-complexes.
13C-Resonanz von Disacchariden mit Galactoserest
Authors: Breitmaier Eberhard , Jung Günther , Voelter Wolfgang
Published: February 2025

The 13C spectra of disaccharides with galactose residues are discussed. The assignments of the signals were achieved by comparison of the disaccharide spectra with those of the monomeric units and glycosides. The pulse Fourier transform 13C NMR spectroscopy allows the recording of the spectra of the sugar before mutarotation thus permitting unequivocal assignements of the signals due to the α and β anomer.
Reaktionskinetische Untersuchungen der heterogenen Gasphasenoxydation von p-Xylol
Authors: Felix P. , Gut G.
Published: February 2025

The kinetic of the heterogeneous gasphase oxidation of p-xylene on a vanadiumoxide catalyst at the temperature range of 315 bo 435 °C has been studied. The experimental data were best fitted by a steady state adsorption model based on the adsorption of oxygen and the reaction of this chemisorbed species with p-xylene in the gasphase. Activation energies for the different reactions are given.
Die Deprotonierung des Ni(II)-Aquoions (Stopped-Flow-Methode)
Authors: Hohl H. , Geier G.
Published: February 2025

A stopped flow procedure is described which allows to separate the deprotonation reaction of the Ni2+-aquoion from the formation of the polynuclear hydroxo species. The pK was determined to be 11,0.
Etude chronopotentiométrique de l'oxydation de quelques amalgames dilués en présence de traces d'oxygène
Authors: Pelletier M. , Buffle J. , Monnier D.
Published: February 2025

The oxidation of diluted amalgams in the presence of traces of oxigen dissolved in water was studied with the purpose to find a method for the quantitative determination of traces of oxigen in gasses. Lead amalgam seems to be the most suitable amalgam for this analysis. Its oxidation was followed by measuring its potential as a function of time. Optimum conditions for the preparation of lead amalgam are given and an appropriate apparatus is described.
ОБ ИНТЕРПРЕТАЦИОННЫХ ПАРАМЕТРАХ ГЕОЭЛЕКТРИЧЕСКОГО КАРТИРОВАНИЯ БЛУЖДАЮЩИМИ ТОКАМИ ЭЛЕКТРИЧЕСКОЙ ЖЕЛЕЗНОЙ ДОРОГИ
Authors: Вишнев В.С.
Published: February 2025

В статье представлены методические приемы, позволяющие извлекать полезные для электроразведки сигналы из набора измерений техногенных импульсных помех от электрической железной дороги. Приведены обоснования математических выражений, пригодных для расчета гео- электрических параметров, которые могут быть с успехом применены при разграничении массивов горных пород, различающихся по электропроводности. На практическом примере проиллюстрирована эффективность использования обсуждаемых параметров в электроразведке. Отмечено, что некоторые из них вполне пригодны для выполнения геоэлектрического картирования на территориях, прилегающих к электрической железной дороге, с плохими условиями для измерения электрических составляющих электромагнитного поля.

The article presents methodological techniques that allow extracting signals useful for electrical exploration from a set of measurements of man-made impulse interference from an electric railway. The substantiations of mathematical expressions suitable for calculating geoelectric parameters that can be used to differentiate rock massifs that differ in electrical conductivity are given. A practical example illustrates the effi ciency of using the discussed parameters in electrical exploration. It is noted that some of them are quite suitable for performing geoelectric mapping in areas adjacent to an electric railway with poor conditions for measuring the electrical components of the electromagnetic fi eld.
ОБ ИНТЕРПРЕТАЦИОННЫХ ПАРАМЕТРАХ ЭЛЕКТРИЧЕСКОЙ РАЗВЕДКИ НЕДР МЕТОДАМИ СОПРОТИВЛЕНИЯ С ИЗМЕРЕНИЕМ МАГНИТНОГО ПОЛЯ
Authors: Вишнев В.С. , Горшков В.Ю.
Published: February 2025

Обращается внимание на возможность и перспективы использования внедряемой в последние десятилетия в практику полевых геофизических работ многоканальной электроразведочной аппаратуры. Приводятся математические выражения, пригодные для расчёта «кажущегося» удельного электрического сопротивления геологической среды по измерениям электрических и магнитных составляющих поля тока питающей установки методов сопротивления. Даётся их логическое обоснование. Отмечается, основываясь на простейшем теоретическом примере, повышение точности построения кривых ρк при совместном использовании электрических и магнитных составляющих поля питающей установки AB.

Attention is drawn to the possibility and prospects of using multi-channel electrical exploration equipment introduced into the practice of fi eld geophysical work in recent decades. Mathematical expressions which are suitable for calculating the “apparent” electrical resistivity of a geological medium based on measurements of the electric and magnetic components of the current fi eld of the supply installation of resistivity methods are given. Their logical justifi cation is given. It is noted, based on the simplest theoretical example, an increase in the accuracy of constructing ρa curves with the combined use of electric and magnetic components of the fi eld of the AB supply array.
ИЗУЧЕНИЕ ЗАВИСИМОСТЕЙ КОМПОНЕНТ ПОЛЯ ВЕРТИКАЛЬНОГО МАГНИТНОГО ДИПОЛЯ ОТ ПАРАМЕТРОВ СРЕДЫ И УСТАНОВКИ
Authors: Горшков В.Ю.
Published: February 2025

Изучается поле вертикального магнитного диполя, приподнятого над однородным по- лупространством. Выведены формулы для расчётов компонент электромагнитного поля, рассмотре- но влияние подъёма аппаратуры на измеряемые величины, приведены графики значений различных составляющих для частот, используемых в применяемой на практике полевой аппаратуре. Приведён пример использования полученных значений.

The fi eld of a vertical magnetic dipole elevated above a homogeneous half-space is studied. Formulas for calculating the components of the electromagnetic fi eld are derived, the effect of lifting the equipment on the measured values is considered, graphs of the values of various components for frequencies used in applied in practice fi eld equipment are given. An example of using the obtained values is given.
ИЗУЧЕНИЕ СТРУКТУРЫ ГЕОДИНАМО РЕШЕНИЕМ ОБРАТНЫХ ЗАДАЧ МАГНИТОМЕТРИИ
Authors: Овчаренко А.В.
Published: February 2025

Даётся теория и методика построения эквивалентного двойного слоя, описывающего главное геомагнитное поле Земли. Эквивалентный двойной слой строится на некоторой поверхности внешнего жидкого ядра Земли или внутри его. Исходными данными выступает модель WMM-2020 на 2025 год и модели IGRF 1900-2000. Для устойчивого построения двойного слоя или слоя магнитных диполей применяется метод регуляризации А.Н. Тихонова и масштабирование модели для снижения потери точности при вычислениях. Изучается структура отдельных компонент найденного эквивалент- ного слоя магнитных диполей и соответствующей им структуры электрических токов. Для этого стро- ятся динамические модели структуры слоя или компьютерные фильмы. Полученные данные могут быть использованы для совершенствования традиционных моделей геомагнитного динамо Земли и расчетов магнитного поля всюду вне слоя.

The theory and method of constructing an equivalent double layer describing the main geomagnetic fi eld of the Earth are given. An equivalent double layer is built on or within some surface of Earth’s outer liquid core. The initial data is the WMM-2020 model for 2025 and the IGRF 1900-2000 model. For stable construction of a double layer or a layer of magnetic dipoles, A.N. Tikhonov’s regularization method and model scaling are used to reduce the loss of accuracy in calculations. The structure of individual components of the found equivalent layer of magnetic dipoles and the corresponding structure of electric currents is studied. For this, dynamic models of the layer structure or computer fi lms are built. The data obtained can be used to improve traditional models of the Earth’s geomagnetic dynamo and calculate the magnetic fi eld everywhere outside the layer.

Geodynamo, double layer, inverse incorrect task, regularization, magnetic dipole, computer movies, IGRF, WMM-2020
Photo-Electrochemical Geminal α-Fluorosulfenylation of Diazo Compounds through Carbene Radical Anion Intermediate
Authors: Maity Rajib , Maji Biplab
Published: February 2025

α-Fluorosulfenyl compounds are privileged building blocks found in pharmaceuticals and agrochemicals. While the geminal difunctionalization of diazo compounds with two different nucleophiles under mild and sustainable conditions could be envisioned as a versatile method for constructing α-fluorosulfinyl molecules, it remains a significant unmet challenge. Herein, we present geminal α,α’-difunctionalization of diazo compounds by merging photo- and electro-catalysis. A wide range of α-fluorosulfinyl products were synthesized using commercial ionic liquid as a fluorine source with moderate to good yields and excellent selectivities. Several experiments were performed to detail the reaction mechanism and elucidate the cooperativity of photo- and electro-catalysis in facilitating the reaction under milder conditions.