bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Körkörösségmérő berendezés szisztematikus hibáinak vizsgálata
Authors: Egyed-Faluvégi Erzsébet , Karácsony-Fejér Tamás , Jakab-Farkas László
Published: July 2023

A forgástest homlokmetszetében található profil tökéletes kört alkot, ha annak minden pontja egyenlő távolságra található a tengelyközéppontól. A kör alaktól való eltérés értéke igen fontos, mérése speciális mérőkészülékkel történik. Jelen dolgozat egy olyan mérőberendezés rendszeres hibáit vizsgálja, melyben a mérendő darab csúcsok közötti támasztása, illetve forgatása történik, miközben egy digitális mérőóra észleli az eltéréseket. A felépítést tekintve, a dolgozat két szisztematikus hibamérési modellt javasol, amely figyelembe veszi a kúpok egytengelyűségtől való eltérését és a digitális mérőóra tengelyének dőlését.
Egyenes fogú metszőkerekek profilhibájának tanulmányozása CAD-környezetben
Authors: Gál Károly-István , Máté Márton
Published: July 2023

Közismert tény, hogy az egyenes fogú metszőkerekek elméleti profilhibával rendelkeznek, ez maga után vonja a gyártmány profiljának evolvenstől való eltérését. A CAD-környezet előnyeit kihasználva, különböző élezési stádiumban levő metszőkereket jelenítettünk meg és tanulmányoztunk. Ez azért előnyös, mert bármilyen homlokfelület-alak-, illetve -méretmódosítási törekvést azonnal és könnyen lehet a tervezési folyamat során ellenőrizni, így tervezési időt takarítunk meg. Kutatásunk célja, hogy CAD-környezetben egy olyan 3D-modellt hozzunk létre, amely segítségével különböző élezési módszereket, valamint különböző élezési stádiumban lévő metszőkerekek profilját jelenítsük meg, és ezek profilhibáját a grafikus környezet segítségével értékeljük. A különböző élezési módszerek vizsgálatának célja, hogy a metszőkerék oldalgeometriáján (főleg az oldalhomlokszög-értékén) javítsunk úgy, hogy a profilhibát is csökkentsük, vagy legalább a megengedett hibahatárokon belül tartsuk. A mérések során mind a homlokszöget, mind a szerszámkapcsolószöget változtattuk. A szerszám élét az Autodesk Inventor sajátos parancsait használva, numerikusan generált élpont-koordinátákkal hoztuk létre, majd összehasonlító vizsgálatokat végeztünk.
Makro- és mikroszkópos vizsgálat a biztonság szempontjából kritikus alkatrészeken
Authors: Huszák Csenge , Schramkó Márton , Kovács Tünde Anna
Published: July 2023

Számos, a kritikus infrastruktúrához tartozó esetben találunk a biztonság szempontjából kiemelten fontos berendezéseket és ezekben kulcsfontosságú, biztonságkritikus alkatrészeket. Ilyen alkatrészek a turbinalapátok, a sugárhajtású repülőgépek hajtóműelemei, valamint az erőművek nagynyomású gőzvezetékei, folyékony gázok nyomástartó berendezései. A biztonság szempontjából kritikus alkatrészek esetében a roncsolásos és a roncsolásmentes vizsgálatok nélkülözhetetlenek. Ezen alkatrészek károsodása katasztrófát okozhat, amit minden esetben el kell kerülni. A komponensek vizsgálata során a makro- és mikroszkópos vizsgálatok a makroszerkezetről és a mikroszerkezetről adnak információt. A vizsgálatok elvégzése több lépésből áll, amelyek során be kell tartani a vonatkozó szabványokat. A makroszerkezet vizsgálata során már felfedezhetőek olyan hibák, melyek az alkatrész idő előtti meghibásodását, törését okozhatják. A mikroszerkezet megismerése pedig gyártási, hegesztési vagy anyagszerkezeti hibákról adhat olyan információt, mely a biztonságos üzemelés szempontjából kulcskérdés lehet.
Acute Effect of Single-Session Cerebellar Anodal Transcranial Direct Current Stimulation on Static and Dynamic Balance in Healthy Volunteers
Authors: Erdoğan Ezgi Tuna , Kır Can , Beycan Esin , Karakaya Esin , Altınçınar Sanem , Bayramoğlu Türkü , Eskikurt Gökçer , Karamürsel Sacit
Published: July 2023

Several studies have shown the positive effect of cerebellar transcranial direct current stimulation (ctDCS) on balance in patients and older adults. However, in healthy volunteers, the results are conflicting. We aimed to investigate the immediate effect of anodal ctDCS on the dynamic–static balance in healthy, non-athletic young adults due to the possible benefits for sports performance. Twenty-one healthy volunteers participated in two consecutive 20 min sessions of ctDCS (2 mA current intensity), with 1-week intervals (anodal ctDCS–sham ctDCS). Flamingo and Y-Balance tests were used to evaluate the static and dynamic balances before and after the ctDCS. A Continuous Performance Test (CPT) was used to evaluate the changes in sustained attention, impulsivity, and vigilance. A repeated measure analysis of variance (ANOVA) was used to compare the changes in balance scores, reaction time, omission, and commission numbers. There were no statistically significant differences in dynamic and static balance scores and in CPT parameters between conditions. In conclusion, there was no immediate neuromodulation effect of anodal ctDCS to improve balance performance in healthy, young individuals. Furthermore, no evidence was found to support the use of cerebellar tDCS to improve sports performance.
Effects of Physical Activity and Circadian Rhythm on SCL-90 Scores by Factors among College Students
Authors: Li Huimin , Zhang Yong
Published: July 2023

Objective: A study was conducted to investigate the effects of different levels of physical activity and circadian rhythm differences on the nine factors of obsessive-compulsive disorder, interpersonal sensitivity, depression, anxiety, hostility, phobia, paranoia, and psychoticism on the SCL-90 scale. Methods: A questionnaire and mathematical and statistical methods were used to conduct the study. Data were collected through a web-based cross-sectional survey of college students from three universities in Anhui. A statistical analysis of the collected data was conducted using mathematical and statistical methods. Results: A total of 1248 students were included in the statistics of this study. Binary logistic regression analysis revealed that low physical activity levels were associated with somatization (OR = 1.36, 95% CI = 0.95–1.94), obsessive-compulsive disorder (OR = 1.85, 95% CI = 1.25–2.75), interpersonal sensitivity (OR = 1.94, 95% CI = 1.30–2.88), depression (OR = 2.03, 95% CI = 1.31–3.16), anxiety (OR = 1.67, 95% CI = 1.03–2.69), hostility (OR = 1.80, 95% CI = 1.12–2.89), phobia (OR = 1.88, 95% CI = 1.20–2.94), and paranoia (OR = 2.23, 95% CI = 1.43–3.46). Circadian rhythm differences were associated with somatization (OR = 0.91, 95% CI = 0.87–0.96), obsessive-compulsive disorder (OR = 0.93, p < 0.01, 95% CI = 0.89–0.98), interpersonal sensitivity (OR = 0.90, 95% CI = 0.85–0.94), depression (OR = 0.92, 95% CI = 0.87–0.97), anxiety (OR = 0.89, 95% CI = 0.83–0.95), hostility (OR = 0.91, 95% CI = 0.86–0.97), phobia (OR = 0.87, 95% CI = 0.82–0.93), and paranoia (OR = 0.90, 95% CI = 0.85–0.95) were all negatively associated. In addition, gender was associated with somatization and obsessive-compulsive disorder (OR = 0.75, 95% CI = 0.57–0.98), depression (OR = 0.92, 95% CI = 0.87–0.97), and paranoia (OR = 0.55, 95% CI = 0.40–0.76). Conclusions: Low-intensity physical activity was more likely to be associated with somatization, obsessive-compulsive disorder, relationship sensitivity, depression, anxiety, hostility, terror, and paranoia than high-intensity and moderate-intensity physical activity, and circadian rhythm differences showed that people who slept later (known as nocturnal) were more likely to have these problems.
Tuning of PID/PIDD2 Controllers for Second-Order Oscillatory Systems with Time Delays
Authors: Hu Xingqi , Tan Wen , Hou Guolian
Published: July 2023

PID control is the longest history and the most vital basic control mode that has been widely applied in the production process. The oscillatory dynamics of the process have various features, and parameter tuning is complicated. To reduce the complexity of the parameter tuning process and improve the performance of the system, in this research, we propose a new tuning method for the PID/PIDD2 controllers for second-order oscillatory systems with time delays under the constraint of certain robustness. In comparison to existing PID for second-order oscillatory systems with time delays, simulation findings demonstrate that the tuning method of the proposed PID/PIDD2 controllers trades off robustness and disturbance rejection performance.
Optical Coherence Tomography: Focus on the Pathology of Macula in Scleritis Patients
Authors: Smeller Lilla , Toth-Molnar Edit , Sohar Nicolette
Published: July 2023

Optical coherence tomography (OCT) is a non-invasive imaging technique for high-resolution, cross-sectional tissue imaging of the eye. During the past two and a half decades, OCT has become an essential tool in ophthalmology. It is a painless method for examining details of ocular structures in vivo with high resolution that has revolutionized patient care following and treating scleritis patients. Methods: Twenty-four patients diagnosed with scleritis were selected for this study. All of the patients went through basic ophthalmological examinations, such as visual acuity testing (VA), intraocular pressure measurement (IOP), slit lamp examination, ophthalmoscopic examination, and OCT. OCT examinations were taken by SD-OCT Spectralis OCT system (Heidelberg Engineering, Heidelberg, Germany). Results: Twenty-seven eyes of 24 patients (7 males and 17 females) were included in this study, who were diagnosed with scleritis. OCT examinations showed epiretinal membrane (ERM) in three patients (12%), cystoid macular edema (CME) (three cases, 12%), diffuse macular edema (DME) (one case, 4%), and serous retinal detachment (SRD) (one case, 4%). Conclusions: OCT proved to be a valuable, non-invasive method for detecting macular pathology in patients with scleritis. Despite the best treatment regimen applied, macular involvement resulting in reduced visual acuity (VA) can develop, which we could detect with OCT since macular edema (ME) is the leading cause of decreased vision due to the damaged outer blood–retina barrier (BRB) in inflammation. OCT investigation is a highly important method for early detection of ocular complications in scleritis in order to prevent blindness.
Public Functions Implementation by Artificial Intelligence: Current Practices and Prospects for Common Measures within Particular Periods across Continents and Regions
Authors: Atabekov Atabek
Published: July 2023

The paper explores practices regarding the implementation by AI of public functions through the analysis of research activities, and administrative and legal regulations of AI in countries of various regions and continents. The hypothesis is that there might be some global trends regarding the AI phenomenon within international institutional vision, research, and national authorities with the goal to suggest common measures within the identification of short, medium, and long-term periods to provide public authorities with trajectories to regulate the AI in terms of its implementation of public functions regarding countries of different regions. The empirical research uses administrative and legal documents, information, and analytical materials from diverse countries. The study uses the comparative method and formal logic tools. The main findings suggest modeling measures within the identification of short, medium, and long-term periods and single out measures that are common to diverse countries, regarding the implementation by AI of public functions.
A gyártási paraméterek hatása additív gyártással készített Ti6Al4V próbatestek ütőmunkájára
Authors: Dezső Gergely , Szigeti Ferenc
Published: July 2023

A porágyolvasztás az additív gyártási eljárások egyik fontos típusa. A különféle eljárásváltozatai egyre nagyobb teret nyernek az iparban, főleg a különleges ötvözetekből készülő gyártmányokat additív gyártással előállító iparágban. A porágyolvasztás egyik változata a szelektív lézeres olvasztás. Ebben a tanulmányban Ti-6Al-4V alapanyagból szelektív lézeres olvasztással készített próbatestek ütőmunkájára vonatkozó kísérletek eredményeit mutatjuk be. A kísérleti paramétereket a kísérlettervezés módszerével határoztuk meg. A mérési adatokra empirikus formulát illesztettünk. Kimutattuk, hogy az ütőmunka igen érzékeny az általunk változtatott gyártási paraméterekre, valamint erős kölcsönhatások is megfigyelhetők. Olyan összefüggést származtattunk, amelynek segítségével lehetőség nyílik az ütőmunkának izoenergetikus felületek mentén történő optimalizálására. Eredményeink felhasználhatók egy fontos anyagtulajdonság, az ütőmunka beállítására a szelektív lézeres olvasztással történő gyártás során.
GTD-111 típusú, nikkelbázisú szuperötvözet forgácsolhatóságának vizsgálata homlokmarás során
Authors: Kónya Gábor , Szabó Norbert , Kovács Zsolt Ferenc
Published: July 2023

Jelen publikációban a technológiai paraméterek hatásainak vizsgálatával foglalkoztunk GTD-111 típusú nikkelbázisú szuperötvözet homlokmarása során. Ezek az ötvözetek a legnehezebben megmunkálható anyagok közé tartoznak, melyeket széles körben használnak a repülőgép- és energetikai iparban használatos gázturbina-alkatrészek alapanyagaként. A kutatás célja Taquchi-módszerrel meghatározni, hogy mely paraméterek vannak legnagyobb hatással a forgácsolóerőre és a szerszámkopásra. A forgácsolóerő méréséhez forgó erőmérőt használtunk, mellyel a forgácsolási erő és forgácsolási nyomaték mérhető, majd a használt lapkákat mikroszkóppal vizsgáltuk. Eredményül látható, hogy a fogankénti előtolásnak van a legnagyobb hatása a forgácsolóerőkre és a szerszám-tönkremenetelre. Az élrátétképződés elkerülése érdekében érdemes a nagyobb forgácsolósebesség használata, valamint javallott a sűrített levegős hűtés alkalmazása.
Acélcsőbe töltött alumíniummátrixú szintaktikus fémhabok egylépéses gyártása
Authors: Pados Gábor , Kemény Alexandra , Szovák Benedek , Károly Dóra , Orbulov Imre Norbert
Published: July 2023

Az ipar minden területén, amikor anyagválasztásra kerül sor, kompromisszumokat kell kötni, hiszen nincsen olyan anyag, amelynek minden tulajdonsága kedvező lenne bármely felhasználásra. A járműiparban a könnyebb és kisebb sűrűségű anyagok nagy előnyt jelentenek, például a tömegcsökkenés következtében elérhető kevesebb üzemanyag-fogyasztás miatt. Az anyagtudománnyal, azon belül is a fémhabokkal foglalkozó szakemberek régóta igyekeznek a fémhabok kis sűrűségét, nagy fajlagos szilárdságát és nagy energiaelnyelő képességét a lehető legtöbb módon kiaknázni. Ebben a kutatásban vékony falú acélcsőbe infiltrált, alumíniummátrixú, szintaktikus fémhabok egylépéses gyártási módszerét ismertetjük, amely erős adhéziós kötésű, fémhab töltetű funkcionális szerkezetek létrehozására hivatott, kivitelezhető módon.
Rostirányban tömörített faanyag nyúlási tartalékának bizonyítása húzóvizsgálatokkal
Authors: Sajdik Tamás , Báder Mátyás
Published: July 2023

A tanulmány a faanyag rostirányú tömörítésekor keletkező nyúlási tartalék elméletének bizonyításával foglalkozik. A tömörítési eljárás után a faanyag sokkal jobban hajlíthatóvá válik, továbbá a hajlításhoz kifejtett erőszükséglet is csökken. A 20% mértékű tömörítés utáni 1 perces fixálás végére a bükk mintáknál a nyomófeszültség átlagosan 72,3%-ra csökkent, míg a tölgyeknél 65,6% volt a változás. A maradó rövidülés ekkor 3–5%. A 3 órás fixálás végére bükk esetében 37,1%-ra, tölgynél 27,9%-ra csökkent a nyomófeszültség, 12–18% maradó rövidülést eredményezve. A kezeletlen bükk minták húzóvizsgálatánál átlagosan 1,76 kN maximális húzóerőre volt szükség, mely 1,55 mm rostirányú méretnövekedést okozott. A röviden fixált mintáknál 1,06kN erő 3,66 mm méretnövekedést, míg a hosszan fixáltaknál 0,85 kN erő 8,79 mm méretnövekedést okozott. A tölgyeknél ugyanígy alakultak a tendenciák. A magasabb nedvességtartalom lényegesen nagyobb rostirányú méretnövekedést biztosított a húzóvizsgálatok során. A nyúlási tartalék meglétét egyértelműen sikerült igazolnunk.
Üvegszál-erősítésű, lapos profilok ragasztott kötéseinek vizsgálata
Authors: Szabó Valentin , Vaczkó Dániel
Published: July 2023

Napjainkban a nyersanyaghiány egy jellegzetes probléma, amely az ipar minden területén jelentkezik. A pultrúziós eljárással gyártott, üvegszál-erősítésű kompozitok rendkívül kedvező tulajdonságokkal rendelkeznek. A kutatás során pultrudált profilokon felületkezelések alkalmazását vizsgáltuk a felületi energia növelése érdekében. Kézi csiszolással és homokszórással érdesítettük a ragasztani kívánt felületeket, majd különböző zsírtalanítószereket alkalmazva nedvesíthetőségi méréseket végeztünk el. A felületkezelés létrejöttének bizonyítására és nagyságának a meghatározására a felületeket érdességmérővel ellenőriztük. A ragasztásokat két különböző szerkezeti ragasztóval, valamint epoxi gyantával készítettük el. A lapos profilok nyírószilárdsági értékét szakítóvizsgálaton hasonlítottuk össze, majd meghatároztuk a felületkezelések hatását. Az eredmények alapján a megfelelő felületkezelés, illetve a ragasztó típusa nagymértékben befolyásolja a kialakult kötésszilárdságot.
Does Supply-Leading Hypothesis Hold in Emerging Markets? Empirical Insights from a European Market
Authors: Barhoom Faeyzh , Gergely Tóth
Published: July 2023

This study examines the relationship between financial development and economic growth, and the extent to which the finance-leading hypothesis holds in Hungary by using annual time series data over the period 1970-2019. To test the hypotheses of the study, the autoregressive distributed lag approach and Granger causality test have been applied. The empirical findings show that there is a relationship between financial and economic growth, but the evidence of the supply-leading hypothesis in the long run in Hungary is varied according to the sector. While in the short run, the changes in the ratios of credit to both agencies of the private sector have no statistically significant impact on economic growth. According to the Granger test, there is evidence supporting the neutrality hypothesis for the credit-to-corporate ratio and the feedback hypothesis for the credit-to-household ratio in relation to economic growth. This is a consequence of the fact low levels of efficiency characterized the Hungarian financial system, despite it being characterized by high levels of financial depth. Besides, financial liberalization and financial development increased reliance on external finance, which caused the fragility of the financial system and the effect on its role in economic growth. Policymakers need to target the channels and financial efficiency mechanisms to influence and transform the real economy in all the regions of the country to equally develop goals and economic growth together and ensure stable macroeconomic policies.
EFEKTIFITAS METHODE CUSTOMER SATISFACTION INDEX DALAM MENGUKUR KEPUASAN PELANGGAN PADA PT SSN JAKARTA
Authors: Purnomo D
Published: July 2023

This research was conducted to determine the effectiveness of the customer satisfaction index method in measuring the level of customer satisfaction at PT SSN. MSCI is a method that measures the level of overall satisfaction with an approach that considers the level of importance and level of satisfaction. Measurement is a series of activities that aim to determine the value of a quantity in the form of numbers (quantitative). Customer satisfaction is a result of a comparison between expectations of the performance obtained after using a product or service. Indicators of customer satisfaction consist of; product security, product handling on delivery, service (service), ease of obtaining products and product information. In this study, the authors used qualitative research methods, where data collection techniques were carried out through direct observation, namely collecting data by directly dealing with the research object by giving questionnaires and also interviews, namely collecting data by asking directly to related parties. Based on the results of calculations using the customer satisfaction index method, it can be concluded that PT SSN's customer satisfaction level is very satisfied with the services provided, this is evidenced by the acquisition of a CSI score of 81.8. The effectiveness of the Customder Performance Index (MCSI) method in measuring customer satisfaction is very useful and useful for PT SSN Jakarta, because it can determine the level of customer satisfaction and can make anticipation in order to maintain customer loyalty and become an effective and efficient marketing tool.

Keywords: Customer Satisfaction Index Method, Measurement, Customer Satisfaction.
Investigating the Correlation Among Personality Traits, Familial Functioning, and Suicidal Thoughts Among University Students: A Descriptive Correlational Study
Authors: Aliakbari Fatemeh , Jamshidi Tayebeh , Manzour Rezvaneh , Haj Hashemi Fatemeh
Published: July 2023

Objectives: Suicide is a serious public health problem, especially among students as active members of the community. The present study aimed to determine the correlation among personality characteristics, family functioning, and suicidal ideation in students of Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences in Tehran, Iran in 2018. Materials and Methods: The population of this descriptive correlational study included all 675 students of Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, from whom 244 students were selected using stratified random sampling. The required data was collected using four questionnaires, including demographic characteristics, personality traits, family functioning, and Beck Scale for Suicidal Ideation (BSSI). To analyze data, we used multiple linear regression and the Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (SPSS, version 22). Results: Examination of personality traits suggested that the correlation between psychosis and suicidal thoughts was positive and significant (P<0.05). The correlation coefficients between the components of extraversion-introversion, agreeability, and responsibility and suicidal ideation were negative and significant (P<0.05). There was also a positive and significant relationship between all components of family functioning and suicidal ideation (P<0.05). Conclusions: Effective steps can be taken to prevent suicide among students through providing optimal psychological healthcare and periodic screening of students in terms of suicidal thoughts and mental disorders.
Bloods Sugar Levels Towards Mean Arterial Pressure (MAP) In Type II Diabetes Mellitus Patients
Authors: Priya Utama Julvainda Eka , Ridha Monika Wulan Sapta , Windyarti Mei Lia Nindya Zulis
Published: July 2023

Diabetes Mellitus (DM) type 2 appears in adulthood and has a proportion of 80% of diabetes mellitus overall. The purpose of this study was to determine blood sugar levels when against MAP (Mean Arterial Pressure). The method uses observational analytic with cross sectional approach. Questionnaire instruments and observation sheets, for assessing blood sugar levels when using a glucotest and for measuring Mean Arterial Pressure (MAP) using a digital tensimeter. The results showed that 63 respondents had temporary blood sugar levels in type 2 diabetes sufferers in Tegalsari Village, Candisari District, Semarang City, 31 respondents (49.3%) had normal blood sugar levels. Meanwhile, the majority of the Mean Arterial Pressure (MAP) of type 2 diabetes mellitus patients had MAP values >100 mmHg as many as 33 people (52.4%). The results of the Sperman Rank test showed a value of p = 0.012, then a value of p = 0.012 <0.05, there was a significant correlation between blood sugar levels at the time of day and MAP in type 2 diabetics with a correlation coefficient of r = 0.398.Keywords: diabetes mellitus; temporary blood sugar levels; mean arterial pressureKadar Gula Darah Sewaktu Terhadap Mean Arterial Pressure (MAP) Pada Penderita Diabetes Mellitus Tipe IIABSTRAK Diabetes Melitus (DM) tipe 2 muncul pada usia dewasa dan memiliki proporsi 80% pada diabetes mellitus secara keseluruhan. Tujuan penelitian ini mengetahui kadar gula darah sewaktu terhadap MAP (Mean Arterial Pressure). Metode  menggunakan observasional analitik dengan pendekatan cross sectional. Instrument kuesioner dan lembar observasi, untuk penilaian kadar gula darah sewaktu menggunakan alat glukotest dan untuk pengukuran Mean Arterial Pressure (MAP) menggunakan tensimeter digital. Hasil menunjukkan kadar gula darah sewaktu pada penderita diabetes tipe 2 di Kelurahan Tegalsari Kecamatan Candisari Kota Semarang sebanyak 63 responden, memiliki kadar gula darah sewaktu yang normal sebanyak 31 responden (49,3%). Sedangkan Mean Arterial Pressure (MAP) penderita diabetes mellitus tipe 2 mayoritas memiliki nilai MAP >100 mmHg sebanyak 33 orang (52,4%).  Hasil uji Sperman Rank menunjukkan nilai p=0.012, maka nilai p=0.012 < 0.05, adanya korelasi yang signifikan antara kadar gula darah sewaktu dengan MAP pada penderita diabetes tipe 2  dengan nilai koefisien korelasi r=0,398. Kata Kunci: diabetes meliitus; kadar gula darah sewaktu; mean arterial pressure
Table Top Salt Triage In Improving Pre Hospital Triage Capacity And Disaster Victim Handling Preparedness
Authors: Prasetyowati Christina Dewi , Wahyuni Sri
Published: July 2023

Disasters have broad and complex impacts, both on humans and the surrounding environment. One of the challenges often faced in health management efforts in disaster areas is the lack of skills of nurses and other health workers in disaster victim preparedness and the ability to carry out pre hospital triage which will ultimately hamper health services. The knowledge and skills of nurses in handling disaster victims including conducting triage on victims are still in the sufficient category at 60%. In pre hospital situations, the correctness of officers in making triage decisions in handling victims has a very important role. The research objective was to determine the effect of the SALT triage table top in improving pre hospital triage capabilities and disaster victim handling preparedness. The research design used was a quasi experiment with a pre-post test with a control group. Sampling using purposive sampling technique. The number of respondents obtained was 78 people. The results of the Wilcoxon test showed a value of p = 0.000, which means that there is an influence of the SALT triage table top in increasing the ability of pre hospital triage and preparedness for handling disaster victims. Keywords: disaster; preparedness; pre hospital; table tops; triageTable Top Salt Triage Dalam Meningkatkan Kemampuan Triage Pre Hospital Dan Kesiapsiagaan Penanganan Korban BencanaABSTRAK Bencana memiliki dampak yang luas dan kompleks, baik terhadap manusia maupun lingkungan sekitarnya. Salah satu tantangan yang sering dihadapi dalam upaya penanggulangan kesehatan di daerah bencana adalah kekurangan ketrampilan perawat dan tenaga kesehatan lainnya dalam kesiapsiagaan penanganan korban bencana maupun kemampuan melakukan triage pre hospital yang akhirnya akan menghambat pelayanan kesehatan. Pengetahuan dan ketrampilan perawat dalam penanganan korban bencana termasuk melakukan triage terhadap korban masih berada pada kategori cukup sebesar 60%. Pada situasi pre hospital, kebenaran petugas dalam membuat keputusan triage dalam penanganan korban memiliki peran yang sangat penting. Tujuan penelitian untuk mengetahui pengaruh table top SALT triage dalam meningkatkan kemampuan triage pre hospital dan kesiapsiagaan penanganan korban bencana. Desain penelitian yang digunakan adalah quasi eksperiment dengan pre-post test with control group. Pengambilan sampel dengan menggunakan tehnik  purposive sampling. Responden yang didapatkan berjumlah 78 orang. Hasil uji Wilcoxon menunjukkan nilai p = 0,000 yang artinya ada pengaruh table top SALT triage dalam meningkatkan kemampuan triage pre hospital dan kesiapsiagaan penanganan korban bencana. Kata Kunci : bencana; kesiapsiagaan; pre hospital; table top; triage
Metal Chelators as Anticancer Approach: Part I; Novel 7-Anisidine Derivatives with Multidentate at 7-8 Carbons of Fluoroquinolone Scaffold as Potential Chelator Anticancer and Antilipolytic Candidates
Authors: Al-Hiari Yusuf , Arabiyat Shereen , Kasabri Violet , Hamdan Imad , Almasri Ihab , Yasin Mohammad , Al-Saad Dalya
Published: July 2023

Background: Cancer is one of the greatest troubling maladies currently. It is believed that it is the second reason for death following cardiovascular maladies. Owing to the multiplicity of its types, stages and genetic basis, there is no existing drug to cure all types of cancer. Resistance to present drugs and severe adverse effects are other challenges in the struggle against cancer. In such pursuit, fluoroquinolones (FQs) have the potential as antiproliferative compounds due to safety, low cost, and absence of resistance.

Aims: In this study, we aim to synthesize biologically active compounds that have dual anticancer and anti-lipase potential. Sixteen compounds were prepared, fully characterized, and studied through identification of IC50 values against the highly susceptible cancer cell lines.

Methods: In this work we are concerned with synthesizing biologically active compounds that belong to fluoroquinolones (FQs) with dual anti-colorectal cancer and anti-lipase activity, owing to association between cancer and obesity, conduct titration and docking experiments to validate our hypothesis.

Results: In vitro findings indicated that these compounds demonstrated promising anticancer activity against tested cell lines in micromolar range with a potency comparable to cisplatin. Compound 11 exhibited approximately doubled potency compared to cisplatin against SW620 colorectal cancer cell line with IC50 3.2 μM which proposes FQs as potent antiproliferative agents. The synthesized Fluoroquinolone (FQ) compounds were further screened for their in vitro anti-lipase potential. The findings demonstrated that all the screened compounds have demonstrated remarkable anti-lipase activity, as compared to control molecule orlistat. Compound 9 exhibited comparable activity to orlistat against pancreatic lipase with IC50 0.4 μM which proposes FQs as potent pancreatic lipase inhibitors.

Conclusions: The anticancer potential of these derivatives is referred to their ability to inhibit Topo II which indicates that chelation is the mechanism of inhibition of Topo II emphasized with titration and docking experiments.
Chronic Inhalation of Pod-based e-cigarette Aerosols on Inflammatory Biomarkers in the Central Nervous and Peripheral Systems
Authors: Sari Youssef
Published: July 2023

Electronic cigarettes (e-cigs) use has been dramatically increased recently, especially among youths. In this study, we evaluated the effect of one- and three-months continuous exposure to e-cig vapor (JUUL pods), containing high nicotine concentration, on the expression of glutamate receptors and transporters and mainly the associated neuroinflammatory markers in drug reward brain regions such as nucleus accumbens (NAc) core (NAc-core), NAc shell (NAc-shell) and hippocampus (HIP) in female C57BL/6 mice. We revealed that three months’ exposure to mint or mango flavored-JUUL (containing 5% nicotine, 59 mg/ml) induced upregulation in metabotropic glutamate receptor 1 (mGluR1) and postsynaptic density protein 95 (phosphorylated and total PSD95) expression, and downregulation of mGluR5 and glutamate transporter 1 (GLT-1) in the NAc-shell. Three months’ exposure to JUUL induced upregulation of mGluR5 and GLT-1 expression in the HIPP. We further revealed that mice exposed to JUUL Mango and JUUL Mint for one month had significantly increased TNF-α expression in the NAc-core and NAc-shell, with elevation in IL-1β as well. NAc-shell also showed significantly increased levels of IL-6 and HMGB-1 for both flavors. There were significantly increased levels of TNF-α in the NAc-core and NAc-shell for both Mint- and Mango-exposed JUUL mice for three months. NAc-shell also showed significantly increased levels of IL-1β, IL-6, HMGB-1, and RAGE after three months of JULL exposure, while the hippocampus showed significantly decreased levels of HMGB-1 for both flavors. These findings demonstrated that exposure to e-cig vapor containing high nicotine concentrations induced differential effects on glutamatergic system as well as induction of proinflammatory markers in the brain.
Design, Synthesis and Biological Evaluation of Novel Pyrazolotriazolopyrimidine Derivatives as Potential Anticancer Agents
Authors: Almasri Ihab M.
Published: July 2023

Three novel pyrazolo-[4,3-e][1,2,4]triazolopyrimidine derivatives (1, 2, and 3) were designed, synthesized, and evaluated for their in vitro biological activity. All three compounds exhibited different levels of cytotoxicity against cervical and breast cancer cell lines. However, compound 1 showed the best antiproliferative activity against all tested tumor cell lines, including HCC1937 and HeLa cells, which express high levels of wild-type epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR). Western blot analyses demonstrated that compound 1 inhibited the activation of EGFR, protein kinase B (Akt), and extracellular signal-regulated kinase (Erk)1/2 in breast and cervical cancer cells at concentrations of 7 and 11 µM, respectively. The results from docking experiments with EGFR suggested the binding of compound 1 at the ATP binding site of EGFR. Furthermore, the crystal structure of compound 3 (7-(4-bromophenyl)-9-(pyridin-4-yl)-7H-pyrazolo[4,3-e][1,2,4]triazolo[1,5-c]pyrimidine) was determined by single crystal X-ray analysis. Our work represents a promising starting point for the development of a new series of compounds targeting EGFR.
Planar Waveguide NMR Gradients (B0 and B1) for spatiotemporal Investigations of Anticancer Drug Concentration in 3D Cancer Cell Cultures
Authors: Telfah Ahmad , Sharar Nour , Jafar Hanan , Hergenröder Roland
Published: July 2023

Despite the progression in cancer therapeutic approaches, cancer is still the leading cause of death worldwide with a steadily increasing incidence rate. In Jordan, CRC is the most common type of cancer among men and the second most common among women, while being one of the most accruing cancers in Germany.

The difficulties in cancer treatments arise from the poor correlation between in vivo and in in vitro anti-cancer drug testing results and cancer cells resistance to chemotherapy, which are attributed to the heterogeneity of cancer cells, and the interaction of cancer cells with non-cancerous cells in the tumor microenvironment (TME). In addition to, the several mechanisms, that governs DNA damages repair, epigenetics, epithelial to mesenchymal transition (EMT).

Cell culture techniques have been developed to construct in vitro multicellular cancer spheroids (MTCS) that mimic cell-cells interaction and the cellular organization in the TME. They also illustrate the proliferation gradient of solid tumors, and the nutrition and gas supply to cancer cells at different depth in the spheroid. Therefore, they are considered an excellent in vitro cancer model to study the efficiency and to investigate the penetration depth of the anti-cancer materials.

Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (NMR) spectroscopy is a reliable analytical method that gives comprehensive and rich chemical information, along with high speciation performance. It is one of the major noninvasive tools for metabolomics, therefore it has been utilized to study the metabolic profiling of freshly isolated- non-destructed tissues, and living in vitro cellular models.

A micro-imaging technique for real-time NMR investigations is developed to study the penetration depth, rate, and effective diffusion coefficients of anti-cancer materials through cancer spheroids. This technique is based on our patented invention of planar waveguide micro slot NMR detector with on board thermal regulator integrated and a microfluidic device. Based on this innovative development, we are able to perform real-time magnetic resonance spectroscopic imaging (MRSI) on a living synthetic tissue constructed in micrometer scale to monitor drug penetration and diffusion, while providing spectroscopic information about the production and degradation of metabolites in picomoles concentrations.
Development of Successful Physiologically-Based Pharmacokinetic (PBPK) Models
Authors: Idkaidek Nasir Mohammad Yasir
Published: July 2023

Physiologically-based pharmacokinetic (PBPK) modeling is a strong mathematical tool that integrates body physiology, drug physicochemical properties and pharmacokinetics to predict detailed drug profiles in different parts of the body. PBPK modeling can also be used to predict the effects of drug-drug interactions and diseases on drug pharmacokinetics. The use of special modules enables the extrapolation to different routes and also different species. PBPK steps for successful modeling will be discussed with examples using GastroPlus program. Such in-silico work can minimize the number and risks of in vivo clinical studies done on healthy subjects or on patients.
Level of Knowledge and Extent of Use of Anabolic-Androgenic Steroids among Physical Education University Students: A Cross-Sectional Study from Palestine
Authors: Hattab Suhaib , Zyoud Saed , Saleh Bashar , Qasarweh Laith , Draidi Mahmoud
Published: July 2023

Background: Androgenic-anabolic steroids (AAS) use has increased in the last years, especially among athletes, due to their effect on body shape and performance. These agents could have serious side effects among this highly susciptable population.

Methods: Cross-sectional study that included physical education students at An-Najah National University over the period of November 2020 to January 2021, using an electronic questionnaire. The main outcome was to measure the level of knowledge and use of AAS.

Results: A total of 380 students were included. The mean age of the students was 21 years (SD= 4.2), and study participants were distributed almost equally according to sex. About one fourth of the students were smokers. Eighty percent of the study participants are from West Bank while the remaining 20 % are from Jerusalem and 48 territories. Furthermore, most of the students live with their families, half of them live in cities, while about 40% live in villages and only 8% in camps. The average level of knowledge about AAS was 2.95 over 8 (37/100) with a median of three. Furthermore, only 36 (10%) participants had satisfactory knowledge, scoring 80% or more. Regarding the use of AAS, eleven participants (2.9%), all males, confirmed that they are currently using AAS. Additionally, about 28 (7%) had previously used them while 30 (8%) are planning to try them in the future. Overall, 221(58%) confirmed using vitamins and minerals.

Conclusion: Our study showed that the majority of participants have a substantial lack of information regarding the potential side-effects of AAS while the level of use is comparable with other populations.
Prevalence, Risk Factors and Complications of Preeclampsia at Rafidia Governmental Surgical Hospital in Palestine: Case-Control Study
Authors: Ali Iyad
Published: July 2023

The development of hypertensive disorders is the most common medical complication during pregnancy. Preeclampsia (PE) causes multi-organ dysfunction and can lead to premature delivery, fetal death, and permanent organ damage in women. The purpose of this study is to estimate the prevalence of PE among the pregnant women who were followed at Rafidia Governmental Surgical Hospital (RGSH) in Nablus-Palestine for a year period from October 2020 to October 2021. During that period, we carried out an observational case-control study and assessed the risk factors, complications, and PE management in RGSH. The study included 170 patients with 85 preeclamptic and 85 randomly selected non-preeclamptic women from 5462 deliveries. PE group age ranged from 17 to 45 years old. PE prevalence increased with increasing gestational age (24% and 75% among women who were <37 and ≥ 37 of age, respectively), where maternal age and abortion incidents were associated with severe PE. First or multiple pregnancies were also factors linked to severe PE. Our findings support the body of evidence that PE is considered as a preventable high causative risk of fetal mortality and morbidity.
Development of Child-Friendly Oral Formulations Containing Celecoxib: Biopharmaceutical Considerations for Formulation Scientists
Authors: Shawahna Ramzi , Zyoud Ahed , Haj-Yahia Aseel , Taya Raheek
Published: July 2023

Purpose: Recently, different international regulatory agencies and task forces have encouraged the pharmaceutical industry to develop child-friendly oral dosage forms. The biopharmaceutical classification system (BCS) has emerged as a tool that facilitates the development of traditional, reformulated, and novel oral dosage forms. Little research was conducted to evaluate the applicability of the BCS in developing child-friendly oral dosage forms. This study was conducted to assess the effects of age-related developmental changes in the composition and volume of gastrointestinal fluids on the solubility and performance of oral formulations containing celecoxib.

Methods: Solubility studies were conducted at 37 ºC in the pH range of 1.2 to 6.8 in 13 different age-appropriate biorelevant media that reflected the gastric and proximal small environments in fasted and fed states for adults and pediatric populations. Quantities of celecoxib were determined using a validated HPLC method. The permeability class of celecoxib was determined using in vivo pharmacokinetic parameters, and experimental and computational molecular descriptions.

Results: The solubility of celecoxib in the adult fed-state simulated gastric fluid was lower than that in the pediatric fed-state gastric media representative of neonates (birth to 28 days) fed soy-based formula. Similarly, the solubility of celecoxib in adult fasted-state simulated intestinal media was lower than that in the pediatric fasted-state intestinal media formulated with bile salt concentrations 50% of the adult levels. However, solubility values of celecoxib were lower in the other pediatric media compared to adult media. The age-appropriate pediatric to adult solubility ratios were outside the 80 to 125% range in 3 and was borderline in 1 out of 9 pediatric to adult solubility ratios.

Conclusions: The solubility ratios of celecoxib exhibited significant variability in about 44.4% of the media. This indicated that significant age-related variability could be predicted for oral formulations containing celecoxib intended for pediatric use. Formulation scientists should consider the significant biopharmaceutical considerations when developing child-friendly oral formulations.
Investigations of Lipid Droplets Role in Attenuating Chemotherapeutic Responses to 5-FU in Cancer Cells in vitro
Authors: Sabbah Duaa
Published: July 2023

Cancer has been considered as a main cause of death worldwide. Despite the effectiveness of traditional anticancer therapies such as 5-Flurouracil (5-FU), poor therapeutic outcomes are reported in many cases, due to tumor recurrence and chemoresistance. Intracellular lipid accumulation as lipid droplets (LDs) is now a well-recognized hallmark of cancer. However, the influence of LDs accumulation in cancer progression and treatment remains to be elucidated. Adjuvant use of non-chemotherapeutic drugs (e.g. NSAIDs and corticosteroids) with anticancer drugs to manage cancer related symptoms, may though serve as factors modulating the therapeutic response to anticancer agents via LDs related mechanisms. The aim of this study is to evaluate possible strategies influencing chemoresistance by attenuating LDs biogenesis and function. LDs levels in eight human cancer cell lines were measured. The existence of correlation between the cellular levels of LDs and cytotoxicity of ten chemotherapeutic agents was evaluated. A moderate correlation between basal LDs levels and the half inhibitory concentration (IC50) values of 5-FU on selected cell lines was established (r2= 0.5235). Nevertheless, LDs levels were significantly elevated following exposure to 5-FU. A549 human lung cancer cells showed the highest increase in LD accumulation (***P >0.001) compared to their basal levels of LDs. LDs levels were also assessed following exposure to 5-FU in the presence of sub-lethal doses of celecoxib (CXB), dexamethasone (DEX), and simvastatin (SMV). Interestingly, CXB and DEX exposure to 5-FUtreated cells resulted in an alleviation in the antiproliferative activities of 5-FU in MDA-MB-468 and HCT116 but not in A549 cells. While, SMV exposure to 5-FU-treated cells resulted in reduced antiproliferative activities of 5-FU in MDA-MB-468 only. These results strongly suggest that increased LDs levels caused by CXB, DEX, and SMV may contribute in the development of a resistance mechanism exist only in some cancer types, which therefore, attenuates responses to 5- FU. The inhibition of phospholipid metabolism by DEX, as well as the inhibition of 3-hydroxy-3- methylglutaryl-CoA reductase (HMGCR) by SMV were expected to result in the up regulation of triacylglycerol (TAG), leading to LDs accumulation. This study highlights the importance of assessing drug-drug interaction before designing integrated therapy regimens for cancer patients receiving 5-FU treatment. Further studies are needed to discover the role of TAG inhibition on the sensitivity of cancer cells against 5-FU.
Community Pharmacists’ Knowledge, Attitude, and Practices Towards Dispensing Antibiotics without Prescription (DAwP) in the West Bank, Palestine
Authors: Dweib Mohammad
Published: July 2023

Introduction: Non-prescription dispensing of antibiotics is common in the West Bank and this could contribute to the emergence of microbial resistance.

Objectives: To evaluate knowledge, attitude, and practices of community pharmacists towards dispensing antibiotics without prescription (DAwP) in the West Bank, Palestine.

Methods: A cross-sectional survey was conducted between April and May 2022 using a structured, validated, and pilot-tested questionnaire. Participants were community pharmacists who completed a 28-item questionnaire either in English or Arabic language based on their personal preference. The data was analyzed using descriptive and inferential analyses. Main outcome measure Knowledge, perception and practices towards dispensing antibiotics without prescription.

Results: Of the 650 community pharmacists approached, 580 completed the questionnaire (response rate: 89.3%). More than half (53.5%) of the pharmacists were not aware that DAwP is illegal practice. Lack of patient willingness to consult a physician for a non-serious infection (71.2%) and an inability to afford a consultation with a physician (63.4%) were the most common reasons claimed for DAwP. A statistically significant association was found between the number of antibiotics dispensed and educating patients about the importance of adherence and completion of the full course of antibiotics (p <0.05).

Conclusions: In general, community pharmacists have inadequate understanding of the regulations prohibiting the over-the-counter sale of antibiotics in the West Bank, explaining the high rate of DAwP in the region. A complicated approach consisting of educational interventions and improving the access to and affordability of healthcare facilities for the general public is required to efficiently reduce DAwP and its negative consequences on public health.
Elaeagnus Angustifolia Plant Extract inhibits Epithelial- mesenchymal Transition in Human Colorectal Cancer via β-catenin/JNK signaling Pathways
Authors: Hassan Arij Fouzat , Khalil Ashraf , Al Moustafa Ala‐Eddin
Published: July 2023

Elaeagnus angustifolia (EA) is a traditional plant that has been used as an alternative medicine for centuries. EA roles as anti-cancer has been investigated against different types of cancer, however, its effect against human cancer has not been investigated yet. Therefore, we investigated the aqueous EA extract effect on colorectal cancer (CRC) cell lines (HCT-116 and LoVo) and examined its underlying mechanisms of action in vitro. Our results showed that EA inhibited cell proliferation and disturbed cell-cycle progression of both CRC cell lines comparing to the control. Moreover, EA extract significantly reduced colony formation in addition to migration and invasion ability of both CRC cell lines this is confirmed by significant upregulation of E-cadherin and Pan-cadherin as well as down regulation of Vimentin. Further, β-catenin/JNK signaling pathway was analyzed and we found that EA extract significantly blocked the activity of total and phosphorylated β-catenin and JNK1/2/3.