bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Gestión de riesgos críticos de seguridad y salud ocupacional en minería subterránea
Authors:   , Pillpe Cusi Carlos Roberto
Published: August 2021

El trabajo minero subterráneo es una actividad de alto riesgo, por el tipo de trabajo que se realiza para la obtención del mineral, que se encuentra en el macizo rocoso. En el desarrollo de las actividades de extracción del mineral de los yacimientos subterráneos el trabajador minero se expone a peligros y riesgos significativos como: generación de gases tóxicos por la voladura con explosivos y el riesgo de asfixia por inhalación de gases tóxicos; presencia de rocas sueltas y el riesgo de aplastamiento por caída de rocas; el empleo de vehículos y equipos mineros y el riesgo de ocasionar atropello y choque; Etc. entre otros. Los peligros y riesgos mencionados continúan generando accidentes de trabajo con daños al trabajador y pérdida de vidas humanas; por lo que consideramos a estos peligros y riesgos como RIESGOS CRITICOS. El objetivo del presente proyecto es estudiar el control de los riesgos críticos, mediante el uso de las herramientas de gestión de seguridad y salud ocupacional; dando cumplimiento con lo dispuesto en las leyes, decretos supremos y reglamentos de seguridad industrial y salud ocupacional. El presente proyecto, pretende demostrar que es viable prevenir, reducir y controlar los accidentes de trabajo en la actividad minera gestionando los riesgos críticos, mediante el uso de las herramientas de gestión. Esta investigación se desarrolló en la Unidad Minera de Atacocha entre los años 2010 a 2015. La metodología utilizada para llevar a cabo este estudio fue diseño experimental del tipo experimento verdadero, con un análisis de los problemas existentes, evaluando el costo/beneficio y proponiendo la gestión de los riesgos críticos en la actividad minera; procurando el cambio de actitud del trabajador y del supervisor involucrado en la tarea, mediante el autocuidado y una cultura preventiva de riesgos para controlar los accidentes de trabajo.
Prática Educatica em Letramento e currículo integrado na EPT: Para (além d)a batuta do capital
Authors: Bezerra Daniella , Vargas Ligia
Published: August 2021

Pensar o fazer pedagógico que visa à emancipação humana e social, pressupõe a análise de que tipo de formação, por conseguinte que tipo de currículo, será admitido nos sistemas e instituições educacionais, bem como as práticas concretas dos atores da escola. Neste sentido, é fundante entender que o letramento pode se tornar um instrumento benéfico ou temerário para a construção e implementação de um currículo que intenciona à emancipação humana e social, isto porque ele se materializa nas práticas letradas, ou seja, nos usos sociais de leitura e escrita, que podem ser tão variados conforme os contextos em que se inserem. Objetiva-se, neste trabalho, discutir, por meio de uma revisão de literatura e a partir de uma perspectiva materialista histórica, as concepções e finalidades de letramento e de currículo, e como as respectivas práticas educativas podem contribuir para a perpetuação ou superação do sociometabolismo do capital. Os resultados da discussão permitem apontar que: i) o letramento do tipo autônomo; ii) o currículo embasado no taylorismo ou fordismo; iii), e o conjunto da reforma curricular dos últimos cinco anos no Brasil, acenam na direção da ordem hegemônica. Em alternativa, iv) o letramento do tipo ideológico; v) o currículo integrado na perspectiva da omnilateralidade; e, vi) a formação de professores e demais trabalhadores na perspectiva do trabalho enquanto princípio educativo convergem contra essa ordem, pois se comprometem, radicalmente, no sentido marxiano de ir à raiz do homem, com as tarefas e movimento de luta social pela emancipação humana dos imperativos do Capital.
Validation of methodology for efficient genotyping of CYP2D6 and CYP2C19
Authors: Henriques Beatriz Carvalho , Buchner Amanda , Hu Xiuying , Wang Yabing , Yavorskyy Vasyl , Dong Rachael , Martens Kristina , Carr Michael , Asl Bahareh Behroozi , Wallace Keanna , Hague Joshua , Sivapalan Sudhakar , Maier Wolfgang , Dernovsek Mojca , Henigsberg Neven , Hauser Joanna , Souery Daniel , Cattaneo Annamaria , Mors Ole , Rietschel Marcella , Pfeffer Gerald , Bousman Chad , Aitchison Katherine
Published: August 2021

There are some data associating variants in the CYP2D6 and/or CYP2C19 genes with concentration-to-dose ratios, efficacy, and retention in treatments. However, much of the above arises from relatively small studies or large datasets with limited genotyping methodologies. Our aim was to develop and validate comprehensive and accurate genotyping methodology for these two genes to facilitate regenotyping in large datasets and hence the generation of more accurate clinical associations. TaqMan copy number variant (CNV) assays for CYP2D6 were used to identify samples from a relevant large dataset (GENDEP study, N = 853) with particularly challenging genotypes to call. These and those representing as broad a range of CYP2D6 and CYP2C19 genotypes as possible by prior available data (AmpliChip CYP450 and TaqMan CYP2C19*17) were chosen for further analysis (N = 96). Genotyping techniques employed were: Luminex CYP2D6 xTAGv3 and Luminex CYP2C19 xTAGv3, PharmacoScan, the Ion S5 AmpliSeq Pharmacogenomics Panel, TaqMan single nucleotide variant (SNV) assays, and, for the CYP2D6 hybrids, long-range polymerase chain reactions (L-PCRs) with Sanger sequencing. Agena was also used for CYP2C19. The TaqMan SNV assays were able to assist with identifying which gene was duplicated or in tandem for multiple copy variants. A multiplex assay was adaptable for analysis of CYP2D6 hybrid genes, with Sanger sequencing data being consistent with the data arising; we provide these data for efficient genotyping of such CYP2D6 hybrid genes with adaptable multiplex methods. Consensus genotypes generated to date resulted in revision of assigned enzyme activity score for 28/96(29%) and 2/93 samples (2.2%) for CYP2D6 and CYP2C19, respectively.
Prevalence of Diarrhoeagenic Escherichia Coli and Associated Risk Factors in Dug Wells in Ile-Ife, Southwestern Nigeria
Authors: Odetoyin Babatunde , Ogundipe Olawumi , Onanuga Adebola
Published: August 2021

BackgroundDiarrhoeagenic Escherichia coli (DEC) strains are common bacterial causes of morbidity and mortality in young children. Waterborne DEC could pose a potential health risk to humans through domestic use of contaminated water. However, epidemiological studies on DEC strains in drinking water are scarce in Nigeria. This study determined the prevalence, diversity and factors associated with the presence of DEC in dug wells in Ile-Ife, southwestern Nigeria.MethodsWe assessed 143 wells for safety by coliform count using the multiple tube technique. A standardized questionnaire was used to obtain relevant information about the wells and their owners. Contaminating isolates were identified as E. coli by amplifying their 16S rRNA gene. Five DEC pathotypes comprising enterotoxigenic E. coli (ETEC), enteroaggregative E. coli (EAEC) enteroinvasive E. coli (EIEC), enteropathogenic E. coli (EPEC) and Shiga-toxin producing E. coli (STEC) were detected using two sets of multiplex PCR assays. Isolates diversity was determined by (GTG)5 Repetitive element palindromic PCR and Shannon diversity index. Multivariate logistic regression analysis was used to identify associated risk factors. Results Fifty-eight (40.6%) wells were contaminated by diarrhoeagenic E. coli. Wells with dirty platforms, damaged by erosion and sited near septic tanks significantly harboured DEC (p<0.05). There was a preponderance of STEC among the isolates with nine isolates carrying multiple diarrhoeagenic genes and 10 (17.2%) wells contaminated by multiple DEC strains. The (GTG)5-PCR fingerprinting assigned all DEC strains into six clades, with an overall Shannon diversity index of 18.87. A diverse profile was obtained among and between the isolates recovered from different sources.ConclusionsThe presence of DEC strains in drinking water highlights the risk to human health associated with the use of untreated water. There was a high degree of genetic diversity among the isolates implying multiple sources of contamination. There is a need for periodic sanitation and inspection of wells for cracks to prevent seepages and possible outbreaks of waterborne diseases.
The novel role of circular RNA ST3GAL6 on blocking gastric cancer malignant behaviors through autophagy regulated by the FOXP2/MET/mTOR axis
Authors: Xu Penghui , Zhang Xing , Cao Jiacheng , Yang Jing , Chen Zetian , Wang Weizhi , Wang Sen , Zhang Lu , Xie Li , Fang Lang , Xia Yiwen , Xuan Zhe , Lv Jialun , Xu Zekuan
Published: August 2021

Gastric cancer (GC) ranks third in motality among all cancers worldwide. Circular RNAs (circRNAs) play essential roles in the malignant progression and metastasis of gastric cancer. As a transcription factor, FOXP2 is involved in the progression of many tumours. However, the regulation and association between circRNAs and FOXP2 remain to be discovered. In our study, CircST3GAL6 was significantly depressed in GC tissues and cells. circST3GAL6 overexpression inhibited the proliferation, invasion and metastasis of GC cells in vitro and in vivo. Importantly, circST3GAL6 overexpression induced apoptosis and promote autophagy in GC cells. Furthermore, we found that circST3GAL6 sponged miR-300 and subsequently regulated FOXP2. We further revealed that FOXP2 suppressed the activation of the Met/AKT/mTOR axis, a classic pathway that regulates autophagy-mediated proliferation and migration. In summary, our ﬁndings revealed that circST3GAL6 functions as a tumour suppressor through the miR-300/FOXP2 axis in GC, regulates apoptosis and autophagy through FOXP2-mediated transcriptional inhibition of the MET axis and may be a biomarker for GC treatment.
Disruption of Normal Refractive Development in Individuals with Ocular and Oculocutaneous Albinism
Authors: Verkicharla Pavan Kumar , Thakur Swapnil , Kammari Priyanka , Dhakal Rohit , Das Anthony Vipin
Published: August 2021

PurposeAlbinism is known to disrupt emmetropisation in animal models. However, it is not clear if the same effect is seen in humans. This study aimed to investigate the refractive profile in individual diagnosed with ocular albinism (OA) and oculocutaneous albinism (OCA) based on a large dataset.MethodsRequired data from 618 individuals (61% males and 39% females) diagnosed with albinism were exported from the eyeSmart electronic medical records of L V Prasad Eye Institute. Overall, there were 112 (18%) individuals diagnosed with OA and 506 (82%) with OCA. Based on the spherical equivalent refraction (SER), individuals were classified as emmetropes, myopes, and hyperopes.ResultsThe overall spherical equivalent refraction of the individuals ranged from -25.00D to +12.00D with median 0.25 (-2.00 to 2.25). The proportion of individuals with albinism (combined OA, OCA) having hyperopia and myopia (overall: N=282;46% vs. N=245;40%) were similar (p = 0.18), and the least were with emmetropia (overall: N=91;14%). Across all the age groups (0-10, 11-20, 21-30, > 30 years) the frequency of hyperopes and myopes were significantly higher (p<0.05) compared to emmetropes. Both high degrees of hyperopia and myopia were found in individual diagnosed with OA and OCA. Irrespective of the albinism type, with-the-rule (70%) astigmatism was the most prevalent compared to other types of astigmatism. The frequency of with-the-rule astigmatism was significantly high in the presence of nystagmus compared to individuals with no nystagmus in both OA (75 % vs 25%, p = 0.01) and OCA (77% vs 23 %, p = 0.014) group. Conclusion The presence of both high hyperopia and high myopia and very less numbers with emmetropia across all age groups indicates disrupted normal refractive development in individuals with albinism. With-the-rule astigmatism and nystagmus may result in meridional degradation of retinal image leading to impairment of normal emmetropisation process in individuals with albinism.
Transcriptome Analysis of Related-genes to MeJA Treatment Metabolite Synthesis in Hairy Roots of Broccoli (Brassica oleracea L. var. Italic Planch)
Authors: Bao jinyu , Lu Xu , Ma Lei , Zhang Xiumin , Tian Peng , Zhang Xiaoling , Li Sheng , Ma Shaoying , Yang Jie , Lu Yaqi , Wei Yunchun , Zhang Congcong
Published: August 2021

Hairy roots obtained by infecting broccoli (Brassica oleracea L. var. Italic Planch) leaves with Agrobacterium rhizogenes (ATCC15834) had the characteristics of phytohormone autonomy, genetic stability and can produce a large amount of anti-cancer substance Sulforaphane (SF) and SF biosynthetic precursors substance Glucoraphanin (GRA). The production of SF in hairy roots of broccoli increased significantly under the induction of exogenous signal molecule Methyl jasmonate (MeJA). However, the molecular mechanism of MeJA treatment hairy roots of broccoli have not been reported. In this study, the optimal concentration of MeJA for having treatment broccoli hairy roots were selected based on the yield of GRA and SF. After grew 18 days, broccoli hairy roots were treated with 10 mmol/L MeJA for 0, 3, 6, 9 and 12 h respectively. Compared with 0 h, the yields of GRA and SF increased under other treatments. The highest yield of GRA and SF was noted at 9 h, which were 2.22-fold and 1.74-fold of 0 h, respectively. Broccoli (Brassica oleracea L. var. botrytis L) as reference genome, and 1195 co-differentially expressed genes (DEGs) at 0, 3, 6, 9 and 12 h was observed under treatment 10 mmol/L MeJA, which there were 3,826 down-regulated and 574 up-regulated genes. The six key genes that regulated Glucosinolates (GLS) synthesis, MAM1, CYP79B1, CYP83B1, UGT74B1, and FMOGS-OX5, were up-regulated at 0 and 3 h, and down-regulated at the rest of the time; BCAT2 was up-regulated at 6, 9, 12 h, and at 0, 3 h expression was down-regulated, transcription factors MYB34 and MYB122 were up-regulated at 3 h, and down-regulated at other time points, MYB51 was up-regulated at 0, 3 h and down-regulated at 6, 9, 12 h. The pathway diagram of GRA biosynthesis and transformation pathway in broccoli hairy roots treatment by MeJA simulated, and the molecular mechanis0m of GRA biosynthesis and SF accumulation in broccoli hairy roots under MeJA treatment were revealed.
Community Violence and Internalizing Mental Health Symptoms in Adolescents: Systematic Review.
Authors: Miliauskas Claudia Reis , Faus Daniela Porto , Cruz Valéria Lima da , Vallaperde João Gabriel Rega do Nascimento , Junger Washington , Lopes Claudia Souza
Published: August 2021

Purposes: Mental health diseases (MHD) are responsible for 16% of the global burden of disease in adolescents. This review focus on one contextual factor nominated community violence (CV) that can contribute to the development of MHD. Objective: to evaluate the impact of CV on internalizing mental health symptoms (IMHS) in adolescents, to investigate whether different proximity to CV (witness x victim) is associated with different risks and to identify whether gender, age, and race moderate this association. Methods: systematic review of observational studies. Population includes adolescents (10 - 24 years), exposition involves individuals exposed to CV and outcomes consists of IMHS. Selection, extraction and quality assessment were performed independently by two research. Results: 2987 works were identified, after selection and extraction it remained 42. Higher exposure to CV were associated positively with IMHS. Being a witnessing is less harmful for mental health than being a victim. Age and race did not appear in the results as modifiers, but masculine gender and family support appear as a protective factor in some studies. Conclusion: This review confirms the positive relationship between CV and IMHS in adolescents and brings relevant information that can direct public efforts to build policies in prevention of both problems.
Integrated Secure Messaging to Enhance Medical Education: A Mixed Methods Study
Authors: Nichols Laura , Guerrero Dubert , Mannuru Devendranath , Basson Marc D. , Sahmoun Abe E. , Bande Dinesh
Published: August 2021

BackgroundInstant messaging applications and texting are useful for educating and communicating with medical students; however, they present patient privacy concerns and do not address the challenge of student inclusion in patient care communication. EMR-integrated secure messaging offers an opportunity to include students on team communication, enhance their medical education, and ensure patient privacy. Methods Between July 2019 through March 2020, we performed a mixed method study to evaluate use of EPIC® Secure Chat as a means of enhancing student education and team communication. We promoted use of secure messaging in orientation, performed a pre- and post-rotation survey to assess perceptions of secure chat effect on communication, and directly reviewed and categorized messages. ResultsTwenty-four 3rd and 4th year students completed the pre-rotation survey, and 22 completed the post-rotation survey. Twelve (50%) students reported the quality of communication with faculty was either good or very good prior to internal medicine rotation, while 20 (91%) reported this post-rotation (p-value 0.001). There was a similar improvement in communication with ancillary staff. Nineteen (86%) students felt that secure messaging improved their communication with faculty. On message review, threads were frequently logistical, but also often included discussions of patient management. ConclusionsStudents viewed Secure Chat as having a favorable effect on their communication with team members and reported communication on internal medicine to be improved compared to prior rotations. Messages included students on important patient care conversations. Secure messaging offers a novel medium to improve team communication, enhance student education and maintain patient privacy.
A Systematic Review of the Effects of Psychiatric Medications on Social Cognition
Authors: Haime Zoë , Watson Andrew J , Crellin Nadia , Marston Louise , Joyce Eileen , Moncrieff Joanna
Published: August 2021

IntroductionSocial cognition is an important area of mental functioning relevant to psychiatric disorders and social functioning, that may be affected by psychiatric drug treatments. The aim of this review was to investigate the effects of medications with sedative properties, on social cognition. MethodThis systematic review included experimental and neuroimaging studies investigating drug effects on social cognition. Data quality was assessed using a modified Downs and Black checklist [40]. The review used narrative synthesis to analyse the data.Results40 papers were identified for inclusion, 11 papers investigating benzodiazepine effects, and 29 investigating antipsychotic effects, on social cognition.Narrative synthesis showed that diazepam impairs healthy volunteer’s emotion recognition, with supporting neuroimaging studies showing benzodiazepines attenuate amygdala activity. Studies of antipsychotic effects on social cognition gave variable results. However, many of these studies were in patients already taking medication, and potential practice effects were identified due to short-term follow-ups.ConclusionHealthy volunteer studies suggest that diazepam reduces emotional processing ability. The effects of benzodiazepines on other aspects of social cognition, as well as the effects of antipsychotics, remain unclear. Interpretations of the papers in this review were limited by variability in measures, small sample sizes, and lack of randomisation. More robust studies are necessary to evaluate the impact of these medications on social cognition.
Global Assessment of Climatic Niche Shifts in Three Rumex Species
Authors: Carlin Thomas , Bufford Jennifer , Hulme Philip , Godsoe William
Published: August 2021

Climatic niche shifts occur when species occupy different climates in the introduced range than in their native range. We know that climatic niche shifts are common occurrences, however we do not currently understand whether climatic niche shifts can consistently be predicted across the globe. Using three congeneric weed species, we investigate whether the known presence of a climatic niche shift in one range can help predict a species’ distribution in other ranges. We consider whether data either from other ranges or from closely related species can help predict whether climatic niche shifts will occur. We compared the climatic conditions occupied by Rumex obtusifolius, R. crispus, and R. conglomeratus between their native range (Eurasia) and three different introduced ranges (North America, Australia, New Zealand). We consider metrics of niche overlap, expansion, unfilling, pioneering, and similarity to determine whether i) climatic niche shifts have occurred and ii) climatic niche shifts were consistent across ranges and congeners. We found that the presence and direction of climatic niche shifts is inconsistent across ranges for all three species. Within an introduced range, however, niche shifts were similar between species. Despite this, species distributions outside of their native range could not be reliably predicted by the distributions of congeners in either their native or introduced ranges. This study is the first of its kind to consider niche shifts across multiple introduced ranges and species, highlighting new challenges in predicting species distributions when species undergo climatic niche shifts.
Investigating Fish Contamination Scenario and Community Willingness to Adopt Consumption Advice Proposing an Advisory Model
Authors: Alam Lubna , Sumaila Ussif Rashid , Bari Md Azizul , Rusydy Ibnu , Musthafa Mohamed Saiyad , Mokhtar Mazlin
Published: August 2021

Consumption advice to ensure the health and safety of fish consumers remains urgent to handle the ever-increasing panic over heavy metal toxicity. Moreover, studies of fish consumption rarely focus on the perceptions and awareness of consumers. Considering this, the present study examines the knowledge and perceptions of the risks and benefits of fish consumption among consumers of Laguna de Bay to explore their willingness to follow fish consumption advice. The seasonal variation in selected types of heavy metal contamination in two commercially important fish species, tilapia and mudfish, was analysed and a vulnerability map based on the risk‒benefit ratio was produced for Laguna de Bay. Furthermore, this study formulates fish consumption advice for consumers of fish in the area. Primary data on consumers’ perceptions were collected through a questionnaire, whereas heavy metal contamination data were compiled from the best available literature. We concluded that people’s willingness to adopt consumption advice is mostly dependent on their existing level of fish consumption. Moreover, consumption advice is formulated to indicate restrictions on consumption for the areas identified as vulnerable due to contamination. This empirical study can serve as a model for the future development of fish consumption advice in the region.
Immobilization of Eversa Lipases on Hydrophobic Supports for Production of Oleate Esters Solvent-Free
Authors: Fernandez-Lorente Gloria , Remonatto Daniela , Oliveira J. Vladimir , Guisan J. Manuel , Oliveira Débora , Ninow Jorge
Published: August 2021

Lipases are an important group of biocatalysts for many industrial applications. Two new commercial low-cost lipases Eversa® Transform and Eversa® Transform 2.0 was immobilized on four different hydrophobic supports: Lewatit-DVB, Purolite-DVB, Sepabeads-C18, and Purolite-C18. The performance of immobilized lipases was investigated in the transesterification of sunflower oil solvent-free in an anhydrous medium. Interesting results were obtained for both lipases and the four supports, but with Sepabeads support the lipases Eversa showed high catalytic activity. However, the more stable and efficient derivative was Eversa® Transform immobilized on Sepabeads C-18. A 98 wt% of ethyl ester of fatty acid (FAEE) was obtained, in 3 hours at 40ºC, ethanol/sunflower oil molar ratio of 3:1 and a 10 wt% of the immobilized biocatalyst. After 6 reaction cycles, the immobilized biocatalyst preserved 70 wt% of activity. Both lipases immobilized in Sepabeads C-18 were highly active and stable in the presence of ethanol. The immobilization of Eversa Transform and Eversa Transform 2.0 in hydrophobic supports described in this study appears to be a promising alternative to the immobilization and application of these news lipases still unexplored.
Heavy Metals In Surface Sediments Of The Intertidal Thai Binh Coast, Gulf of Tonkin, East Sea, Vietnam: Distribution, Accumulation, And Contamination Assessment
Authors: Duong Lim Thi , Nguyen Bac Quang , Dao Cham Dinh , Dao Nhiem Ngoc , Nguyen Huong Thi Lan , Nguyen Thuy Thi Huong , Nguyen Chi Thi Ha , Duong Dien Cong , Pham Ngo Nghia
Published: August 2021

Heavy metals contamination in sediments may endanger ecosystems and human health via the food chain. In fact, there is little to no understanding about heavy metal accumulation in surface sediment of one of the most economically important marine bodies for Vietnam, the Thai Binh Coast, where five large rivers co-discharge into the Gulf of Tonkin. Twenty-seven surface sediment samples were collected from the intertidal regions and analyzed for: arsenic (As), cadmium (Cd), chromium (Cr), copper (Cu), mercury (Hg), nickel (Ni), and zinc (Zn) using inductively coupled plasma mass spectroscopy (ICP-MS). The studied area exhibited a large spatial variation in the concentration of heavy metals, e.g., the dry sediment concentration of Cd was the least (0.05–0.49 mg.kg−1), whereas that of Zn was the greatest (45.4–252 mg.kg−1). Based on the geoaccumulation index (Igeo), most of the studied heavy metals were accumulated at low pollution levels, except four locations exhibited moderately and highly polluted levels of Hg with Igeo Hg values from 1.92 to 2.66. Whereas the high contamination factor value implicated that not only Hg but also all other detected heavy metals in this area resulted from anthropogenic activities along the coast and the river upstream. This implied the need for quick action from the government.
Non-Compliance To Social Distancing During COVID-19 Pandemic: A Comparative Cross-Sectional Study Between the Developed and Developing Countries
Authors: Aamir Faiqa Binte , Zaidi Syeda Maria Ahmad , Abbas Saadia , Aamir Syed Roohan , Zaidi Syed Nauman Ahmad , Lal Karishma Kanhya , Fatima Syeda Sadia
Published: August 2021

Background:

As of June 19th, 2021, there have been 178,765,626 reported COVID-19 cases and confirmed 3,869,994 COVID-19 related deaths. Despite the mass vaccination campaigns, number of SARS-CoV-2 infection cases continue to rise. Therefore, it’s important to control its spread for which the most potent method remains social distancing. Due to the diversity in the severity of the effect of the pandemic on different countries, it’s imperative to study the social distancing behavior among population in the developed and developing countries where the factors such as socioeconomic status, education, overpopulation, religious beliefs, and misconceptions play a role in altering the population’s behavior.
Methods:

In this cross-sectional study, a total of 384 participants from 14 different countries were surveyed via an online REDCap form.
Results:

In this study it was highlighted that although the knowledge regards to COVID-19 pandemic and its related prevention remains high, the overall compliances in both the developed and developing countries remain poor, the lowest being in the senior age group (≥ 65 years). It was found that out of all the age groups, adults aged between 25–64 years were the most compliant to social distancing. (p value = 0.003) Population from the developing countries were more compliant to all preventative measures against COVID-19 spread except for in handwashing compliance where the difference between the two populations remains insignificant. (p value = 0.038, < 0.001, 0.016) Socioeconomic status, prior history of COVID-19 infection or presence of comorbidities did not significantly affect compliance rates however, participants with no prior history of this infection were found to be more compliant to donning a mask in public as compared to those with a positive history of SARS-CoV-2 infection. (p value = 0.044) Additionally, participants with no family history for comorbidities in developing countries had a higher hand washing and mask compliance as compared to those who had a positive family history. (p value = 0.035)
Conclusion:

Mass campaigns about awareness related to the preventative measures against COVID-19 remain essential in controlling the disease spread as despite having an overall high COVID-19 related literacy, compliance remains subpar in both developing and developed countries.
Availability of Post-Abortion Family Planning Services and Contraception in Hunan Province, China：A Cross-Sectional Study
Authors: Tong Chen-xi , Meng Yan-Ting , Yue Jing , Fan Ling , Nie Min , Li Ting , Luo Yang
Published: August 2021

Background

Although the project of post-abortion family planning services (PAFPS) has been launched in China for many years, it remains to know how many people received it after induced abortions (IAs), and the prevalence of repeated IAs is still high, it may be related to the quality of PAFPS. Therefore, this study aimed to understand the prevalence of PAFPS and explore the factors related to contraceptive method choice after receiving PAFPS in Hunan Province, China.
Methods

This study was a secondary data analysis from the Women Health Needs Survey (WHNS). Women aged 20–49 with induced abortion history and those who had received PAFPS were selected. Chi-square test and multiple logistic regression analyses were used to identify the related factors about the use of contraceptive methods after receiving PAFPS.
Results

The prevalence of PAFPS was 84.7% in Hunan, China. Women were more likely to use unreliable contraceptive methods if they experienced painless IA (ORs = 3.353, 95% CIs: 1.151–9.769). Farmers or workers (OR = 0.297, 95% CIs: 0.130–0.678), those were followed up after IA (ORs = 0.506, 95% CIs: 0.303–0.846) and those acquired reliable recommendations (ORs = 0.109, 95% CIs: 0.044–0.274) were significantly less likely to use unreliable contraceptive methods.
Conclusion

This study is the first to determine the availability of PAFPS from receivers' perspectives and based on a community population to assess the relationship between PAFPS and contraception in China. PAFPS providers' advice and follow-up play a vital role in women's choice of contraceptive methods. However, the prevalence of follow-up was a little low, and it needed to develop more professional staff in PAFPS. In addition, more research is necessary on how to improve the quality of contraceptive counseling.
Trial registration:
Not applicable
Assessment of Seasonal and Vegetational Variations in the Airborne Bacterial Concentration of the Urban Forest Park: A Case Study in Hunan, China
Authors: Liao Zhenni , Xu Huijuan , Ma Jiaojiao , Li Maojuan , He Caisheng , Zhang Qiongrui , Xu Songjun
Published: August 2021

It is important to investigate bacterial air quality in urban forest parks because tree bacteriostasis practices are being increasingly advocated as measures to improve the air quality and public-health in urban green spaces around the world. The aim of the present study was to quantitatively investigate airborne bacterial concentration levels based on field measurements in every season in five selected forest communities and the uncovered space in an urban forest park, as well as the effects of several factors on the culturability of airborne bacteria. Results suggested that the airborne bacterial levels of all forest communities reached the clean air quality standard with regard to the airborne bacteria content, with the highest bacteria concentrations in the uncovered space (1658 ± 1298 CFU/m3), and the lowest in the mixed community (907 ± 567 CFU/m3). The temporal distribution analysis showed that the most airborne bacteria were concentrated in summer, as well as in the morning and afternoon. The bacteriostatic rates of the mixed community were significantly different with seasonal variation (p < 0.05). Spearman’s correlations revealed that the bacterial concentration was significantly positively correlated with the season, wind speed (WS), temperature (T), ultraviolet light (UV), negative air ion (NAI) and total suspended particles (TSP) (p＜0.05), but significantly negatively correlated with the forest community type (p < 0.05). WS, UV, NAI, TSP and PM2.5 showed significant effect on airborne bacterial concentration in a multiple linear regression model (p < 0.05). Overall, the selection of tree species plays a key role in shaping the forest structure and improving air quality, and the urban forest highlights key priorities for future efforts towards a cleaner, healthier, and more diverse regional forest environment.
Impact of an Educational Intervention on the Opioid Knowledge and Prescribing Behaviors of Resident Physicians
Authors: Acharya Pankti P. , Fram Brianna , Adalbert Jenna R. , Oza Ashima , Palvannan Prashanth , Nardone Evan , Caltabiano Nicole , Liao Jennifer , Ilyas Asif M.
Published: August 2021

Background
The opioid epidemic is a multifactorial issue, which includes pain mismanagement. A recent study has shown that residents have received little training for opioid related patient care. Therefore, resident physician education is essential in addressing this issue. We aimed to analyze the effects of an educational intervention on the knowledge and potential prescribing habits of emergency medicine, general surgery, and internal medicine residents.
Methods
Resident physicians were provided with educational materials and were given pre- and posttests to complete. Descriptive statistics were used to analyze pre- and posttest responses. Chi-squared analysis was used to identify changes between the pre and posttests. A p < 0.05 value was considered statistically significant.
Results
Following the educational intervention, we observed improvement in correct prescribing habits for acute migraine management among emergency medicine residents (from 14.8–38.5%). Among general surgery residents, there was significant improvement in adherence to narcotic amounts determined by recent studies for sleeve gastrectomy (p = 0.01) and laparoscopic cholecystectomy (p = 0.002). Additionally, we observed a decrease in the number of residents who would use opioids as a first line treatment for migraines, arthritic joint pain, and nephrolithiasis.
Conclusions
Resident physicians have an essential role in combating the opioid epidemic. There was significant improvement in various aspects of opioid related pain management among emergency medicine, internal medicine, and general surgery residents following the educational interventions. We recommend that medical school and residency programs consider including opioid related pain management in their curricula.
Smartphone Imaging Repository: A Novel, Cost-Effective Method For Creating a CT Image Bank
Authors: Dula Adrienne , Milling Truman J , Johnston S Claiborne , Aydelotte Jayson , Peil Gary , Robinson Alec , Asif Kaiz , Pan Stephen , Parekh Sohan , Warach Steven
Published: August 2021

BackgroundImaging repositories are commonly attached to ongoing clinical trials for efficiency and cost savings, but capturing, transmitting and storing images can be cumbersome and increase costs. Typical methods include outdated technologies such as compact discs. Electronic file transfer is becoming more common, but even this requires hours of staff time on dedicated computers in the radiology department.MethodsWe describe and test an image capture method using smartphone camera video images of brain computed tomography (CT) scans of traumatic intracranial hemorrhage. The deidentified videos are emailed from the emergency department for central adjudication. We selected eight scans, mild moderate and severe subdural and multicompartmental hematomas and mild and moderate intraparenchymal hematomas. Eighty videos were made by 10 people on 7 different smartphones. We measured the time in seconds it took to capture and email the files. The primary outcomes were hematoma volume measured by ABC/2, Marshal Scale, midline shift measurement, image quality by contrast-to-noise ratio (CNR) and time to capture. A radiologist and an imaging scientist applied ABC/2 method, calculated the Marshall scale and midline shift on the video images and on the PACS in a randomized order. We calculate the intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC). We measured image quality by calculating contrast-to-noise ratio (CNR). We report summary statistics on time to capture in the smartphone group without a comparator.ResultsICC for lesion volume, midline shift and Marshall score were 0.991 (95% CI 0.976, 0.998), 0.998 (95% CI: 0.996, 0.999) and 0.973 (0.931, 0.994) respectively. Lesion conspicuity was not different among the image types via assessment of CNR using the Friedman test, Bof 10.6, P=.061, with a small Kendall’s W effect size (0.264). Mean (standard deviation) time to capture and email the video was 60.1 (24.3) seconds.ConclusionsTypical smartphones may produce video image quality high enough for use in a clinical trial imaging repository. Video capture and transfer takes only seconds, and hematoma volumes, Marshal scales and image quality measured on the videos did not differ significantly from those calculated on the PACS.
Modeling of Trusted Public Emergency Services for Smart Cities Using Blockchain and IoT-based Cognitive Networks
Authors: Bhawana Bhawana , Kumar Sushil
Published: August 2021

The Internet of Things (IoT) recently gained attention from the last few years due to various smart city applications deployment. The existing literature discusses different public emergency service (PES) aspects from smart-healthcare to smart-home automation. However, less work explores for the smart-fire-brigade system. The PESs require high computation, timely service fulfillment, service transparency, and trust, which are difficult to achieve through a centralized system. In recent years, blockchain technology has gained enormous popularity for immutable data management that ensures transparency, reliability, and data integrity using distributed storage. This paper presents a blockchain based model for secure and trusted public emergency service in IoT-enabled smart cities (BMSTP) to handle the PES requests in real-time fairly. An edge compute server (ECS) is introduced to enhance data processing speed and local data storage. Simultaneously, a queuing theory model is used to process PES requests quickly. The ECS manages an access control list (ACL) for smart-home IoT devices to protect against the illegal placement of any new IoT devices near smart-home to misguiding public emergency service departments (PESDs). Further, a reputation model is designed for PESDs to scale their service quality. We explored the BMSTP for smart-homes placed under different sub-areas of a smart-city. The experiment results show the proposed system model is efficient in scheduling the smart-home PES requests to an appropriate PESD and minimizing the delay to reaching the smart-home location.
SARS-CoV-2 spike protein-induced platelet activation: Mechanism for virus and vaccine-induced thrombotic thrombocytopenia
Authors: Nguyen Huong , Chen Li-Yu , Khan Nida , Lindenbauer Annerose , Bui Van-Chien , Zipfel Peter , Heinrich Doris
Published: August 2021

Covid-19 pandemic stimulated an extremely fast development of effective vaccines. Recent studies found platelet-activating antibodies against platelet factor 4 (PF4) in both clinically ill Covid-19 patients and vaccine-induced thrombotic thrombocytopenia (VITT) patients. Here, we use various tools to identify the binding reaction of the SARS-CoV-2 spike glycoprotein (SP) with PF4 that results in immunogenic platelet-activating PF4/SP complexes. This binding is evidenced by an increase in mass, optical intensity, and stable binding force observed by quartz crystal microbalance, enzyme immune assay, and force spectroscopy, respectively. The SP induced an increase in the size of PF4 and switched the surface zeta potential of the PF4 from positive to negative values as evaluated by dynamic light scattering. The SP-induced platelet aggregation was identified by functional assay and flow cytometry but in a concentration-dependent manner. Our results indicated that the formed PF4/SP complexes can, on one hand, trigger the formation of PF4-antibodies and on the other hand mediate/activate platelets followed by inducing thrombotic events, which is the mechanism for excessive procoagulant activity observed in Covid-19 patients. With vector-based vaccines, we suggest that soluble SP are produced during the transcription process, forming antigenic PF4/SP complexes that result in a high rate of clotting effects in vaccinated individuals with Ad26.COV2.S and ChAdOx1nCoV-19 vaccines. An additional consideration of PF4/SP complexes in the current guidelines for the diagnosis of VITT will improve the treatment in patients. Our results serve a high demand to develop an effective method to treat Covid-19 patients and improve the safety for Covid-19 vaccination.
Acute and Chronic Health Risk Assessment for Inhalation and Ingestion Exposure in Acrylic Acid Leak Accidents
Authors: Lim Hui-Been , Park Si-Hyun , Hong Hyong-Jin , Jeong Ji-Yun , Kim Hee-Seok , Lee Cheol Min
Published: August 2021

We established a hypothetical acrylic acid leak accident scenario, conducted a health risk assessment of local residents, and compared an actual accident case and the hypothetical scenario. The exposed subjects were divided into four age groups, and a non-carcinogenic risk assessment was conducted for inhalation and soil ingestion. In the hypothetical scenario, 40 tons of acrylic acid were leaked in Ulsan for 1 h from 12:00 am on January 1, 2017, and in the actual accident case, 3 L of acrylic acid were leaked in Hwaseong, Gyeonggi Province, for 1 h from 11:00 am on March 5, 2020. The environmental concentration of acrylic acid was calculated using the dynamic multimedia environmental model. Non-carcinogenic assessment of the hypothetical scenario showed the hazard index exceeded 1 across all age groups, suggesting that a health risk is likely to occur due to inhalation exposure to acrylic acid resulting from a chemical accident. Hazardacute exceeded 1 until 2 h after the accident under the hypothetical scenario, indicating the likelihood of a health risk. Thus, we propose a methodology that can assess changing concentrations in a hazardous chemical leak from a chemical accident based on the time, place, the chemical’s behaviors in different environmental media, and the health risk posed by the exposure of the chemical to local residents in the area affected by the accident.
Could the Environmental Regulation Promote Green Innovation? Evidence From China
Authors: Zou Weiyong , Xiong Yunjun
Published: August 2021

Could the environmental regulation promote green innovation? This is a very controversial issue. In view of the fact that the existing literature only studies the relationship between the two, lacks effective heterogeneity research, and pays less attention to the deeper analysis mechanism between the two. This study fills the gap. This paper selects the panel data of 285 prefecture level cities in China from 2000 to 2019 for empirical research. The results show that environmental regulation has a significant and continuous positive impact on green innovation.From the perspective of heterogeneity, we find that cities with higher level of green innovation are suitable to improve the intensity of environmental regulation; Cities with low level of green innovation can not formulate high-intensity environmental regulation policies. The intermediary mechanism shows that under the situation of stricter environmental regulations, producers will pay more attention to the promotion and accumulation of human capital, and provide strong intellectual support for green innovation activities. The adjustment mechanism shows that the cities with high degree of marketization and financial R&D investment are conducive to strengthening the promotion of environmental regulation on green innovation. On the contrary, it weakens the role of environmental regulation in promoting green innovation. In addition, this paper uses SYS-GMM model and selects appropriate instrumental variables to solve the endogeneity problem of the model. We find that after reducing the endogeneity of the model, improving the intensity of environmental regulation can still promote the level of green innovation. Using SDM decomposition model, we find that environmental regulation has spatial spillover effect on green innovation, and the formulation of environmental regulation strategy is conducive to the coordinated development of regional green innovation.
Clinical Effect of Micturition Interruption Exercise on Urinary Incontinence After Radical Prostatectomy
Authors: He Kangjie , Yang Xiang-nan , Zhu Zheng , Dai Di , Zhang Jia-cheng , Chen Jia-xing , Duan Yue
Published: August 2021

PurposeTo explore the effectiveness of micturition interruption exercise in improving the incidence of urinary incontinence after radical prostatectomy.Materials and MethodsMaterials and Methods: With a retrospective case-control study, 96 patients admitted in the Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang Chinese Medical University from August 2014 to August 2020 and underwent radical prostatectomy were collected as the subjects. Those patients who used micturition interruption exercise (n=48)were set as the observation group, and the control group was collected according to the ratio of 1:1, the patients used Kegel exercise (n=48). To compare the rehabilitation of urinary incontinence in patients and the effect of training compliance on rehabilitation.ResultsThe recovery time of urinary incontinence in the observation group was significantly shorter than that of the control group. In the observation group, 83.3% of patients with training compliance reached an average or above, while the control group only accounted for 58.3%. International Consultation on Incontinence Questionnaire Short-Form score of the observation group was lower than that of the control group after surgery. Spearman analysis suggests that there is a negative correlation between the postoperative urinary incontinence recovery time and compliance with the micturition interruption exercise.ConclusionsMicturition interruption exercise could not only improve the compliance of patients with exercise, but also significantly shorten the recovery time of urinary incontinence after radical prostatectomy.
Pneumonia Caused by Lichtheimia Ramosa During the COVID-19 Pandemic in Hubei Province, China：A Case Report and Literature Review
Authors: Song Jiangqin , Hu Fuying , Li Huashun , Chen Youping , Zhu Weifang , Tian Youjun , Zhou Benjian , Wei Hui
Published: August 2021

BackgroundMucor infection cannot be ignored in patients with pulmonary shadowing with cavitation .This paper reports a case of mucormycosis during the COVID-19 pandemic in Hubei Province, China. Case PresentationA anesthesiology doctor was initially diagnosed as COVID-19 due to changes in lung imaging. Later Lichtheimia ramose was found by Metagenomic next generation sequencing (mNGS) in the Bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF).After adjusting amphotericin B for anti-infective treatment, the patient's infection lesions were shranked and the symptoms were significantly relieved. Conclusion﻿The diagnosis of invasive fungal infections is very difficult, mNGS can make an accurate pathogenic diagnosis of invasive fungal diseases for the clinic and provide a basis for clinical treatment.