bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Vergleich biologischer Wirkungen mittels programmierter Probitanalyse
Authors: Fink H. , Hund G. , Meysing D.
Published: March 2018

Es wird ein für die IBM 7074 erstelltes, der Wertbemessung biologisch aktiver Wirkstoffe bei alternativem Effekt dienendes Programm beschrieben. Typische Anwendungsbeispiele werden geschildert. Das Modell, der Vergleich mehrerer Logdosis-Probit-Regressionsgeraden, wird in mathematisch anspruchsloser Weise besprochen, seine Annahmen werden diskutiert, seine iterativen Schätzverfahren begründet. Hinweise zur Interpretation seiner Prüfverfahren werden gegeben.

Das Programm enthält eine Reihe von Fehlerprüfungen, da es als Routineverfahren störungsfrei laufen muß. Das dokumentationsgerecht gestaltete Befundformular und die Ausgabelisten werden demonstriert.
From Intuition to Computation. Development and problems of medical diagnosis
Authors: Gross R.
Published: March 2018

Modern medical diagnostics are determined by continued influence and mutual interference of 3 essential periods of their development: Empirism and intuition — physical and chemical measurements — computation and other applications of the theory of probabilities.

The advantages and disadvantages of each of these methods are discussed regarding the diagnostic task as well as the relation between doctors and patients. Diagnostic processes are compared as performed by the human brain and by computers.

In internal medicine the diagnostic difficulties and possibilities have reached some kind of culmination.

The great number of system-diseases with their manifestation at so many organs, the rather uniform response of these organs to quite different injuries, corresponding to their structure and function, demonstrate the limits of a to narrow spezialization and a stencil-like automatisation.
Bedeutung und Verläßlichkeit des Null-Befundes in der Medizin
Authors: Wagneh G.
Published: March 2018

In der vorliegenden Arbeit wird versucht, die verschiedenen Bedeutungskategorien sowie den Informationswert des Null-Befundes in der Medizin zu analysieren.

Dem Null- (bzw. negativen) Befund kann die Bedeutung einer klaren Ausschlußalternative zukommen; oft allerdings fehlt ihm diese Eindeutigkeit. So kann sich beispielsweise ein nicht erkannter oder nicht erhobener Befund dahinter verbergen; er kann Ausdruck der Aussageungewißheit oder der Aussageunmöglichkeit sein, und nicht selten ist er auch mit dem Odium der Zufälligkeit behaftet. Der Informationswert des Null-Befundes wird, wie anhand von Beispielen gezeigt wird, durch die Schwierigkeiten in der Ermittlung seiner Aussageverläßlichkeit beeinträchtigt. Einem negativen bzw. Null-Befund kommt daher im allgemeinen weniger Informationswert zu als einem positiven Befund.
Searching the Medical Literature: History of a Pilot Project in Mechanized Information Retrieval
Authors: Goldwyn A. J.
Published: March 2018

Examples from many sources indicate the necessity for better communication of information between the medical researcher and the medical practitijner. Non-conventional methods of information retrieval offer a means of achieving this goal. An example is the experience of the Center for Documentation and Communication Research, Western Reserve University, in conducting a pilot study for the Communicable Disease Center. The subject was disease vector control literature and literature on vector-borne diseases, zoonoses and mycoses. A total of 2445 documents were analyzed by means of the telegraphic abstract, a structured and controlled “deep” index. The terms of the abstract were encoded by means of the semantic code, a machine-searchable code which establishes and preserves a thesaural function in order to control the terminology. Encoded abstracts recorded on magnetic tape were searched, using the GE 225 computer, for answers to 77 questions. Previously identified documents were retrieved with an accuracy of 94.7 o/o. Future tasks include continued study of the nature of the literature and its volume, and of present and potential users and of their needs.
Untersuchungen über Contergan in der Ätiologie der Mißbildungen2
Authors: Lenz W. , Knapp K.
Published: March 2018

Im Jahre 1961 fiel eine Zunahme bestimmter Mißbildungen an mehreren Orten der Bundesrepublik auf. Da es sich um ein zwar variables aber doch einheitliches Syndrom zu handeln schien, das offenbar um das Vielfache der früheren Häufigkeit ähnlicher Fälle zugenommen hatte, war von vornherein mit großer Wahrscheinlichkeit anzunehmen, daß nur eine einzige Ursache verantwortlich sein könne. Verschiedene denkbare Ursachen, wie radioaktive Strahlen, empfängnisverhütende Mittel, Abtreibungsversuche oder Viruserkrankungen mußten aufgrund allgemeiner Überlegungen als sehr unwahrscheinlich angesehen werden. Die epidemiologische Situation ließ in erster Linie einen oral aufgenommenen chemischen Stoff vermuten. Nachdem in anamnestischen Angaben mehrfach Thalidomid aufgetaucht war, Heß sich im Laufe einer Woche bei 17 von 20 Fällen die Einnahme von Thalidomid sichern oder sehr wahrscheinlich machen, in den restlichen Fällen aber nicht ausschließen. Obwohl dieses erste Ergebnis eine sehr hohe statistische Signifikanz hatte, beurteilten wir es zunächst noch zurückhaltend, weil gewisse Zweifel bezüglich der Vergleichbarkeit der Kontrollanamnesen bestanden. In wenigen Wochen ergaben sich dann zahlreiche voneinander unabhängige Bestätigungen der Thalidomid-ätiologie. Unter gewissen Umständen können gezielte Untersuchungen an kleinem Material großen ungezielten Erhebungen überlegen sein.
Homogenitätsprüfung vieldimensionaler medizinischer Daten mittels Hauptachsentransformation
Authors: Ihmund P. , Liebau A.
Published: March 2018

Es wird eine Methode angegeben, um n-dimensionale medizinische Daten auf ihre Homogenität zu prüfen. Dazu werden die Individuen der Stichprobe als Punkte in einem n-dimensionalen reellen , Raüm dargestellt und auf eine Ebene projiziert, die die Eigenschaft hat, daß beim Vorliegen von Gruppen die Zwischengruppenvarianz auf dieser Ebene maximisiert wird. Dort können dann gegebenenfalls die Gruppen isoliert werden.

Das Prinzip des Verfahrens wird an einem Testbeispiel aus der klinischen Medizin demonstriert. Die Behandlung lückenhafter Daten wird besprochen.
The Taxonomic Structuring of Medical Information and its Usefulness in this Form
Authors: Zinsser H.
Published: March 2018

An outline has been presented in historical fashion of the steps devised to organize the central core of medical information allowing the subject matter, the patient, to define the nature and the progression of the diseases from which he suffers, with and without therapy; and approaches have been made to organize this information in such fashion as to align the definitions in orderly fashion to teach both diagnostic strategy and the content of the diseases by programmed instruction.
On-Line Calculation of Pulmonary Mechanics by Digital Computer
Authors: Brault Y. , Atlan G. , Lorino H. , Harf A. , Lorino A.-M. , Laurent D.
Published: March 2018

A system was built up around a minicomputer to process in real time pressure and flow signals collected during the course of three ventilatory mechanics tests: the calculation of the lung volume, the evaluation of the static lung compliance, the analysis of the forced expiratory performance. The subject is seated in an open body Plethysmograph, which allows for the instantaneous calculation of changes in the volume of his thorax and abdomen. The system is controlled through a graphics console which displays the sampled curves and the results of data processing. In addition, the signals can be stored on demand onto a magnetic tape so that the method can be tested and improved off line. The results obtained in healthy volunteers are highly reproducible. A close correspondence is found both in patients and volunteers between computer-derived and hand-calculated results. The computerized system has become a standard equipment of our Lung Function Department, where it allows for a rapid quantitative analysis of lung volumes, lung elasticity and bronchial airflow.
Tlie Measurement of Performance in Probabilistic Diagnosis
Authors: Hilden J. , Habbema J. D. F. , Bjerregaard B.
Published: March 2018

Within the framework of diagnostic probability prediction the problem of measuring discriminatory ability is operationally defined as the problem of measuring the agreement between probabilistic predictions and actual outcomes. We present a number of so-called scoring rules developed to this end. Most of these are continuous functions of the assigned probabilities. Discontinuous rules, including conventional non-error rates, are discussed by way of contrast. The concept of properness of a scoring-rule is discussed and the desirability of properness is argued. Separate sections deal with the problems connected with uncommon diseases and methods utilizing subdivisions of the patient material. The distinction between the three concepts of discriminatory ability, sharpness and reliability is explained. The evaluation tools developed are applied to previously presented data from the Copenhagen Acute Abdominal Pain Study.
The Use of Distributed Data Bases for Medical Information Systems
Authors: Chang E.
Published: March 2018

The characteristics of the medical information environment favor the use of a network of small computers with limited computing power and moderate storage capacities, interconnected such that data sharing is possible. The advantages of such a system over a large central computer are greater parallel activity, increased security, more flexible information structures for users, and higher efficiency. However, the feasibility of such systems is currently limited by problems related to social priorities and political will, rather than to technology.
Kohortenstudie zu endokrinologischen und kardiologischen Veränderungen bei 181 Kindern und Jugendlichen mit Anorexia nervosa
Authors: Toenne M. , Hartmann R. , Datz N. , Müller-Deile K. , Heger S. , Franck E.-M. , Hoecker C. , Möller C. , Kordonouri O.
Published: March 2018

Hintergrund und Ziel: Anorexia nervosa (AN) ist eine komplexe psychiatrische Erkrankung, die mit ausgeprägten endokrinologischen Dysfunktionen und kardiologischen Auffälligkeiten einhergehen kann. Ziel dieser Studie war es, das Ausmaß der endokrinologischen, metabolischen und organspezifischen Veränderungen, in Abhängigkeit zum Körpergewicht an einem großen Kollektiv von jungen Patienten mit AN zu untersuchen.

Patienten und Methoden: Im Zeitraum Jan. 2010 bis Febr. 2013 wurden 181 Patienten im Alter von 14,6 ± 1,9 Jahren (88,4 % Mädchen) mit AN, atypischer AN und anderen Essstörungen außer Bulimie untersucht. Body- Mass-Index, endokrinologische, kardiologische und laborchemische Parameter wurden retrospektiv analysiert.

Ergebnisse: Der mediane BMI-SDS lag bei -2,26 ± 1,02 (Bereich -6,0 bis 0,2). 10,5 % der Patienten wiesen einen Perikarderguss auf. Diese hatten deutlich höhere Konzentrationen von Kreatinin (p = 0,037), Gesamtbilirubin (p = 0,005) und direktem Bilirubin (p = 0,019).

Bei 57,9 % der Patienten war das Leptin niedriger als 2,0 μg/l, bei 31,4 % niedriger als 1,0 μg/l. 1,8 % der Patienten hatten eine TSHSupprimierung (<0,6 mU/l) und 9,8 % erhöhtes TSH (>4,0 mU/l) jeweils mit normalem fT4. Der BMI-SDS bei Aufnahme korrelierte mit Leptin (R = 0,25, p = 0,002) und LH (R = 0,24, p = 0,004). Leptin war mit LH (R = 0,30, p = 0,001) und FSH (R = 0,23, p = 0,012), jedoch nicht mit dem Alter korreliert.

Während des stationären Aufenthalts (16,4 ± 10,3 Tage) stieg der BMI-SDS um 0,5 ± 0,6. In der multivariaten Regressionsanalyse waren Aufenthaltsdauer (ß = 0,227, p = 0,020), BMI-SDS bei Aufnahme (ß = -0,274, p = 0,005) und Leptin (ß = -0,205, p = 0,024) die einzig signifikant unabhängigen Faktoren bzgl. der Gewichtszunahme.

Diskussion: Ein Perikarderguss trat bei jedem 10. Patienten auf, war jedoch nicht mit dem Ausmaß der Kachexie assoziiert. Hingegen waren erniedrigte Leptinwerte mit einem ausgeprägten Gewichtsmangel verbunden, hatten aber keinen negativen Einfluss auf den kurzfristigen Therapieerfolg.
Zur Anwendungsindikatioii des Vorzeichenrangtests nach Pratt — demonstriert an einem Beispiel
Authors: Buck W. , Gebert A. , Lienert G. A.
Published: March 2018

Es wird untersucht, unter welchen Bedingungen der von Buck jüngst vertäfelte Vorzeichenrangtest nach Pbatt wirksamer ist als der nullenreduzierte Wilcoxon-Test. Schlußfolgernd wird empfohlen, den PBATT-Test immer dann gegenüber dem Wilcoxon-Test zu präferieren, wenn mit Ausreißerdifferenzen gegen die unter der Alternativhypothese vorausgesetzte Behandlungswirkung gerechnet wird.
Hypnose und Hypnotherapie in der Psychoonkologie
Authors: Hönig K.
Published: March 2018

Gegenstand und Ziel: Ziel dieser Übersichtsarbeit ist die Darstellung des Nutzens und der Anwendungsgebiete von hypnotherapeutischen Interventionen in der Psychoonkologie. Methoden: Literaturrecherche zu den einzelnen Anwendungsbereichen und Einholung von klinischem Erfahrungswissen. Ergebnisse: Hypnose und Hypnotherapie bieten sanft und schonend wertvolle Unterstützung bei zahlreichen Belastungen von Patienten vor, während und nach einer Krebserkrankung. Hypnotherapeutische Interventionen fördern aufgrund ihrer Erlebnisorientierung und Ressourcenfokussierung in idealer Weise die Selbstwirksamkeit der Patienten und tragen zur Steigerung von Lebensqualität und Krankheitsbewältigung bei. Ein zentraler Wirkmechanismus ist die hoch effektive psychosomatische Umschaltung in einen physiologischen Anti-Stresszustand. Krankheitsund behandlungsbedingte Belastungen wie Übelkeit, Erbrechen, Schmerzen oder auch Ängste aufgrund invasiver medizinischer Behandlungen lassen sich rasch, wirksam und nachhaltig reduzieren. Hypnosystemsiche Gesprächsführung steigert die Patientenorientierung und erleichtert die interprofessionelle Kommunikation. Schlussfolgerungen: Hypnotherapeutische Interventionen bieten sich aufgrund ihrer sanften, permissiven und indirekten Wirkungsweise ideal zur psychoonkologischen Versorgung von Krebspatienten an. Allein mit hypnosystemsicher Kommunikation lassen sich bereits krankheits- und behandlungsassoziierte Belastungen reduzieren, die Behandler-Patient-Beziehung stärken und ein kreatives kommunikatives Arbeiten fördern.
Workflow Solutions with Healthcare IT
Authors: Reinhardt Erich. R.
Published: March 2018

To discuss trends in information technology (IT) for the future of healthcare.

To report from the viewpoint of a global healthcare IT enterprise.

Healthcare IT consists of far more than electronic storage of information and automation of existing manual processes. It is the linchpin in an effective care process. Systems are available today that coordinate the complex processes across healthcare enterprises – providing alerts and reminders that can help healthcare providers not only operate more effectively but protect patient safety. The next revolution in healthcare information technology – personalized, evidence-based medicine, with information technology at the hub – is on the horizon.

Although the healthcare industry has lagged behind many other industries in the adoption of sophisticated IT systems, perhaps no other industry can benefit as much from its use. Medical informatics subject matter experts must continue to advocate and support IT adoption for both the effects of process improvement and cost containment and for its potential to impact care outcomes.
The Human Factors Engineering Approach to Biomedical Informatics Projects: State of the Art, Results, Benefits and Challenges
Authors: Elkin Peter , Pelayo Sylvia , Beuscart Regis , Beuscart-Zéphir M.-C.
Published: March 2018

The objective of this paper is to define a comprehensible overview of the Human Factors approach to biomedical informatics applications for healthcare. The overview starts with a presentation of the necessity of a proper management of Human factors for Healthcare IT projects to avoid unusable products and unsafe work situations. The first section is dedicated to definitions of the Human Factors Engineering (HFE) main concepts. The second section describes a functional model of an HFE lifecycle adapted for healthcare work situations. The third section provides an overview of existing HF and usability methods for healthcare products and presents a selection of interesting results. Thelast section discusses the benefits and limitations of the HF Eapproach.

Literature review based on Pubmedand conference proceedings in the field of Medical Informatics coupled with a review of other databases and conference proceedings in the field of Ergonomics focused on papers addressing healthcare work and system design.

Usability studies performed on healthcare applications have uncovered unacceptable usability flaws that make the systems error prone, thus endangering the patient safety. Moreover, in many cases, the procurement and the implementation process simply forget about human factors: following only technological considerations, they issue potentially dangerous and always unpleasant work situations. But when properly applied to IT projects, the HFE approach proves efficient when seeking to improve patient safety, users’ satisfaction and adoption of the products.

We recommend that the HFE methodology should be applied to most informatics and systems development projects, and the usability of the products should be systematically checked before permitting their release and implementation. This requires the development of Centers specialized in Human Factors for Healthcare and Patient safety in each Country/Region.
IMIA’s Publication History
Authors: Hutter M. , Peterson H. E.
Published: March 2018

This article lines out the various publications by which IMIA presents its work and the state-of-the art of health and biomedical informatics.

A short history of IMIA and its publications is presented, a reference list completes the view.

IMIA looks back on a long and fruitful publication history of more than a hundred publications.

Starting from its foundation in 1967, IMIA has continually published the results of its activities and conferences, these publications being one of the most visible proofs of the liveliness and up-to-dateness of the organization and the field.
Health Information Systems
Authors: Bréant C. ,   Section Editor for the IMIA Yearbook Section on Health Information Systems
Published: March 2018

Objectives:
Summarize excellent current research in the field of Health Information Systems.

Method:
Synopsis of the articles selected for the IMIA Yearbook 2010.

Results:
Five papers from international peer reviewed journals have been selected for the section on health information systems.

Conclusions:
The elected articles illustrate how health care IT alignment, assessment and benchmarking have become a challenge and a key aspect to the strengthening of health information systems in order to maintain and expand the objectives and strategies of organizations.
Findings from the Yearbook 2010 Section on Decision Support Systems
Authors: Ruch P. ,   Section Editor for the IMIA Yearbook Section on Decision Support Systems
Published: March 2018

Objective:
To summarize current excellent research in the field of computer-based decision support systems in health and healthcare.

Methods:
We provide a synopsis of the articles selected for the IMIA Yearbook 2010, from which we attempt to derive a synthetic overview of the activity and new trends in the field.

Results:
While the state of the research in the field of medical decision support systems is illustrated by a set of fairly heterogeneous studies, it is possible to identify trends. Thus, clearly, the importance of studies related to computerized prescription order entry (CPOE) systems and guidelines management systems for both medical decision making and care providers, occupies a central role in the field, with application affecting also EHR vendors. In parallel, we observe translational interests for developing bridges with results generated by molecular biology, where the mass of data generated by high/ throughput experiments and large-scale genome analysis projects, raises specific processing challenges.

Conclusions:
The best paper selection of articles on decision support shows examples of excellent research on methods concerning original development as well as quality assurance of previously reported studies. This selected set of scientific investigations demonstrates the needs for computerized applications to transform the biomedical data overflow into more operational clinical knowledge. Altogether these papers support the idea that more elaborated computer tools, likely to combine heterogeneous contextual contents, are needed.
Nursing Informatics Education in the South: a Brazilian Experience
Authors: Marin H. F.
Published: March 2018

Introduction:
Teaching and learning are critical factors to our survival, design our future and the way we live and determine the quality of our lives.

Methods:
This article summarizes aspects of nursing informatics education in the South, more specifically focusing in some of the undergraduate and graduate nursing informatics programs in Brazil. Considering the Recommendations of the International Medical Informatics Association on Education in Biomedical and Health Informatics by IMIA, the content provides an overview of the disciplines and share experience in the implementation of a certificate program in health informatics.

Results and Conclusions:
Since the initial activities in nursing informatics in Brazil, nurses have faced many challenges. Nursing informatics is not completely integrated into the nursing curriculum and the nursing informatics competencies are not established at national level.
A History of the INTERNIST-1 and Quick Medical Reference (QMR) Computer-Assisted Diagnosis Projects, with Lessons Learned
Authors: Miller R. A.
Published: March 2018

The INTERNIST-1/Quick Medical Reference (QMR) diagnostic decision support project spans four decades, from 1971-onward. This paper describes the history of the project and details insights gained of relevance to the general clinical and informatics communities.
A Scoping Review of Telehealth
Authors: Liu Y. , Abbott P. A.
Published: March 2018

Objectives: This scoping review of the telehealth literature over the past year was conducted to provide a snapshot of some of the current developments in the field. As with any scoping review, only a subset of papers was examined, and the rigorous methods of a systematic review are not applied.

Methods: We surveyed selected dimensions of the current literature, specifically targeting telehealth or eHealth interventions at the patient (or micro) level in this scoping review. Considering the lack of clarity around the terms like mHealth, eHealth, telehealth, and telemedicine, efforts were made understand and harmonize the terminology as part of the review process.

Results: A total of 171 papers that matched the search criteria were culled from the literature. After discussion and debate, a total of 26 papers were retained and classified into at least one of 5 conceptual categories that were derived form a concept analysis. The five categories are Preventive and Therapeutic Effects; Health Service Utilization; Challenges & Opportunities for Enhanced User Centered Design; Low-powered studies/inconclusive evidence; and Future trends in telehealth. Each of these 5 concept categories are discussed to provide a better understanding of present opportunities, challenges, and the overall prospects for telehealth advancement.

Conclusions: The field is expanding and maturing rapidly. There is a need for larger scale studies that balance rigor while reducing translational latency. Additional attention to implementation science methods is recommended as global telehealth projects accelerate.
A Review of the Empirical Evidence of the Healthcare Benefits of Personal Health Records
Authors: Fernando B. , Kalra D.
Published: March 2018

Objectives: This literature review sought to identify the established evidence of the health and healthcare benefits (or harms) from the use of electronic personal health records (PHRs) and PHR systems.

Methods: The definition of a PHR published in ISO 14292 was used to scope this review and the search strategy. Publications were included if the introduction of a PHR was the primary intervention, and if its evaluation met one of the Cochrane EPOC Group criteria. Studies were excluded if they only reported the design or basic user acceptance of a PHR system without an assessment of its impact on individuals and/or their health care. The impacts were classified according to the six aims of 21st-century health care defined by the US Institute of Medicine.

Results: Searches were conducted in PubMed in December 2012. Out of 741 papers that met our initial search criteria, 31 were retained after title and abstract screening. After full paper review 5 studies were found to report original evidence of impact. Of these, three reported beneficial impacts on effectiveness, one on patient centredness, and one study reported impact on both aims. No harmful effects were reported.

Conclusions: Although this literature review did identify some evidenced benefits from the use of PHRs and systems, our main observation is that there are very few studies published that seek to formally evaluate impact. The majority of publications we screened documented designs or basic user acceptance. Further investment in evaluation is needed to inform the evolution of this field.
Knowledge Representation and Management: Towards an Integration of a Semantic Web in Daily Health Practice
Authors: Griffon N. , Charlet J. , Darmoni SJ.
Published: March 2018

Objective: To summarize the best papers in the field of Knowledge Representation and Management (KRM).

Methods: A synopsis of the four selected articles for the IMIA Yearbook 2013 KRM section is provided, as well as highlights of current KRM trends, in particular, of the semantic web in daily health practice. The manual selection was performed in three stages: first a set of 3,106 articles, then a second set of 86 articles followed by a third set of 15 articles, and finally the last set of four chosen articles.

Results: Among the four selected articles (see Table 1), one focuses on knowledge engineering to prevent adverse drug events; the objective of the second is to propose mappings between clinical archetypes and SNOMED CT in the context of clinical practice; the third presents an ontology to create a question-answering system; the fourth describes a biomonitoring network based on semantic web technologies.

Conclusion: These four articles clearly indicate that the health semantic web has become a part of daily practice of health professionals since 2012. In the review of the second set of 86 articles, the same topics included in the previous IMIA yearbook remain active research fields: Knowledge extraction, automatic indexing, information retrieval, natural language processing, management of health terminologies and ontologies.
From Genome Sequencing to Bedside
Authors: Soualmia L. F. , Lecroq T.
Published: March 2018

Objectives: To summarize excellent current research in the field of Bioinformatics and Translational Informatics with application in the health domain and evidence-based medicine.

Method: We provide a synopsis of the articles selected for the IMIA Yearbook 2013, from which we attempt to derive a synthetic overview of current and future activities in the field. Three steps of selection were performed by querying PubMed and Web of Science. A first set of 5,549 articles was refined into a second set of 1,272 articles from which 15 articles were retained for peer-review.

Results: The selection and evaluation process of this Yearbook's section on Bioinformatics and Translational Informatics yielded four excellent articles regarding the Human Genome and Medicine. Exploiting genomic data depends on having the appropriate reference annotation available. In the first article, the goal of the GENCODE Consortium is to produce and publish The GENCODE human reference gene set. As a result it is composed by merged manual and automatic annotations, which are frequently updated from public experimental databases. The quality of genome sequencing is platform-dependant. In the second article, a generic database independent from the sequencing technologies, Huvariome, can help to identify errors and inconsistencies in sequencing. To understand complex diseases of patients it will be of great importance to detect rare gene variants. This is the aim of the third study. Finally, in the last article, the plasma's DNA of healthy individual and patients suffering from cancer is compared.

Conclusions: The current research activities attest to the continuous convergence of Bioinformatics and Medical Informatics for clinical practice. For instance, a direct use of high throughput sequencing technologies for patients could aid the diagnosis of complex diseases (such as cancer) without invasive surgery (such as biopsy) but only with blood analysis. However, ongoing genomic tests will generate massive amounts of data and will imply new trends in the near future: “Big Data” and smart health management.
A Short History of the Beginnings of Hospital Information Systems in Argentina
Authors: Yácubsohn V.
Published: March 2018

Objectives
: To describe the development of early health information systems in Argentina and their impact on the development of professional societies in the discipline

Methods
: The first hospital information systems and health surveillance systems in Argentina are described and related to the rise of professional organizations for health informatics.

Results
: The early health information systems in Argentina are related to precursor developments in medical informatics.

Conclusions
: Argentina saw a number of hospital information systems developed starting in 1977, which had an important influence on the practice and experience in medical informatics in the country, and the participation of Argentine professionals in national, regional, and international activities in the field
Leitlinie: Phlebologischer Kompressionsverband
Authors: Wienert V. , Waldermann F. , Zabel M. , Rabe E. , Jünger M.
Published: March 2018

Leitlinien sind systematisch erarbeitete Empfehlungen, um Kliniker und Praktiker bei Entscheidungen über die angemessene Patientenversorgung im Rahmen spezifischer klinischer Umstände zu unterstützen. Leitlinien gelten für so genannte Standard-situationen. Sie berücksichtigen aktuelle, zu den entsprechenden Fragestellungen verfüg-bare wissenschaftliche Erkenntnisse. Leitlinien bedürfen einer ständigen Überprüfung und eventuell der Änderung auf Basis des wissenschaftlichen Erkenntnisstandes und der Praktikabilität in der täglichen Praxis. Durch die Leitlinien soll die ärztliche Methodenfreiheit nicht eingeschränkt werden. Ihre Beachtung garantiert nicht in jedem Fall den diagnostischen und therapeutischen Erfolg. Leitlinien erheben keinen Anspruch auf Vollständigkeit. Die Entschei-dung über die Angemessenheit der zu ergreifenden Maßnahmen trifft der Arzt oder die Ärztin unter Berücksichtigung der individuellen Problematik.
Leitlinie: Sklerosierungsbehandlung der Varikose
Authors: Rabe E. , Gerlach H. , Breu F. X. , Guggenbichler S. , Stücker M. , Pannier F.
Published: March 2018

Diese Leitlinie wurde im Auftrag der Deutschen Gesellschaft für Phlebologie (DGP) ausgearbeitet, vom Vorstand und im wissenschaftlichen Beirat der DGP am 15.06.2001 verabschiedet, am 26.09.2007 sowie im Mai 2012 novelliert und ersetzt die Vorversion vom November 2007. Diese Leitlinie berücksichtigt den aktuellen Stand der Literatur, aber nicht die in jedem Fall unterschiedlichen Zulassungsbestimmungen für die verschiedenen Pharmaka.

Leitlinien sind systematisch erarbeitete Empfehlungen, um den Arzt in Klinik und Praxis bei Entscheidungen über eine angemessene Versorgung des Patienten im Rahmen spezi-fischer klinischer Umstände zu unterstützen. Leitlinien gelten für Standardsituationen und berücksichtigen die aktuellen, zu den entspre-chenden Fragestellungen zur Verfügung stehenden wissenschaftlichen Erkenntnisse. Leitlinien bedürfen der ständigen Überprüfung und eventuell der Änderung auf dem Boden des wissenschaftlichen Erkenntnisstandes und der Praktikabilität in der täglichen Praxis. Durch die Leitlinien soll die Methodenfreiheit des Arztes nicht eingeschränkt werden. Ihre Beachtung garantiert nicht in jedem Fall den diagnostischen und therapeutischen Erfolg. Leitlinien erheben keinen Anspruch auf Vollständigkeit. Die Entscheidung über die Angemessenheit der zu ergreifenden Maßnahmen trifft der Arzt unter Berücksichtigung der individuellen Problematik.
Serious Games in Health Care: a Survey
Authors: Geissbuhler A. , Gaudet-Blavignac C.
Published: March 2018

To present an overview of existing serious games in healthcare designed for patients, and the evaluation of their effects. Such games, aiming to help patients better understand their condi- tion or treatment, to foster healthy behaviors, or even to participate in therapies, are expected to grow in parallel with the importance of the videogaming industry.

References were searched in Medline and through recursive browsing of their citations.

21 papers were identified and analyzed. Serious games are used to increase knowledge and control, foster preventive behaviors, or can be used in therapies. Their positive effects on improved patient understanding, adherence, and engagement, although documented mostly in preliminary studies, calls for the development and more thorough evaluation of these tools.
A Biomedical Informatics Perspective on Human Factors:
Authors: Meyer R. ,   Section Editor for the IMIA Yearbook Section on Human Factors
Published: March 2018

to select and summarize excellent research published during 2011 in the study of human factors in bio-medical informatics.

we attempt to derive a synthetic overview of the activity and new trends in this field, from a wide selection of worldwide research papers published during 2011.

We selected four papers. The first one presents an international effort aiming to design a guideline for good evaluation practice in health informatics (GEP-HI) [2]. The second reviews medical errors taxonomies from a human factor perspective [3]. The third one advocates the need to systematically perform a deep evaluation process after all healthcare information technologies project deployment [4]. The fourth one explores exit strategies performed by clinician using health record system and how/why we need to anticipate them [5].

This papers selection will provide our readers with valuable evidences on past and existing research in the specific field of human factors in healthcare informatics. It can also act as a foundation for stakeholders in the healthcare industry that emphasize the significance of human factors and ergonomics in designing healthcare information systems of the future.
Health Information Systems
Authors: Bréant C. ,   Section Editor for the IMIA Yearbook Section on Health Information Systems
Published: March 2018

Summarize excellent current research in the field of Health Information Systems.

Synopsis of the articles selected for the IMIA Yearbook 2012.

Three papers from international peer reviewed journals have been selected for the section on health information systems.

The selected articles illustrate current research regarding health IT impacts and evaluation and the latest developments in health information exchange.
A Medical Informatics Perspective on Decision Support Systems
Authors: Ruch P. ,   Section Editor for the IMIA Yearbook Section on Decision Support
Published: March 2018

To summarize current excellent research in the field of computer-based decision support systems in health and healthcare.

We provide a synopsis of the articles selected for the IMIA Yearbook 2012, from which we attempt to draft a synthetic overview of the activity and new trends in the field.

While the state of the research in the field of medical decision support systems is illustrated by a set of fairly heterogeneous studies, it is possible to identify fundamental aspects of the fields, e.g. Decision Support Systems for Computerized Provider Order Entry, both for physicians and pharmacists, as well as more specific developments such as instruments to improve processing of data related to Clinical Trials and applications to capture family health history.

The best paper selection of articles on decision support shows examples of excellent research on methods concerning original development as well as quality assurance of previously reported studies. This selected set of scientific investigations clearly question the way decision support systems are deployed in clinical environments as these systems seem to have little impact on patient safety and even could harm the patient. Furthermore, while significant research efforts are invested into translational & “omics” medicine, it is interesting to observe that simple data capture applications can reasonably lead to positive changes in healthcare.
Rasche Einleitung tiefer Remissionen
Authors: Arnheima Katharina
Published: March 2018

Das Vierfachregime mit Carfilzomib, Cyclophosphamid, Lenalidomid und Dexamethasom (KCRD) hat sich beim neu diagnostizierten multiplen Myelom (MM) unabhängig vom zytogenetischen Risiko als sehr effektiv erwiesen: Es führt schneller zu tieferen Remissionen als Tripletts mit IMiDs und kann ambulant verabreicht werden, berichtete Dr. Charlotte Pawlyn, London/Großbritannien, auf dem EHA 2017.
Bei Überlebenden häufiger Frühgeburten
Authors: Braitmaier Helmine
Published: March 2018

Dank früher Diagnose und besseren Therapiemöglichkeiten überleben Krebspatienten immer länger. Doch wie wirken sich die Krebserkrankung und -therapie auf eine spätere Geburt bei den überlebenden Frauen aus? Nach Australien und den skandinavischen Ländern liegen nun erstmals auch Daten aus den USA vor.
Initiale aktive Überwachung bei kleinen Tumoren therapie entscheidend
Authors: Schmale Ine
Published: March 2018

Aufgrund der besseren Bildgebung werden heute häufiger Tumoren der Niere im Stadium I identifiziert. Dies führt einerseits dazu, dass beim Nierenzellkarzinom eine steigende Inzidenz beobachtet wird, und andererseits zu einer Überbehandlung der Patienten. Denn der Goldstandard in den Empfehlungen der Fachgesellschaften ist die operative Exzision, die aber vielen Patienten mit sehr langsamer Tumorkinetik erspart bleiben könnte. Wichtiger als die Frage, mit welchen Techniken die Entfernung des Tumors durchzuführen sei, ist bei kleinen Läsionen die Frage, ob überhaupt behandelt werden muss, bemerkte Prof. Marc C. Smaldone, Philadelphia/USA, auf dem ASCO GU in Orlando/USA.
Änderungen in der leitliniengerechten Therapie urologischer Tumoren
Authors: Schmale Ine
Published: March 2018

Im Rahmen der Jahrestagung der European Association of Urology (EAU) wurde eine aktualisierte Version der Guidelines zu diversen urologischen Tumoren veröffentlicht. Im Folgenden eine kurze Zusammenschau wesentlicher Änderungen.
Mit dem multiparametrischen MRT unnötige Biopsien vermeiden
Authors: Schmale Ine
Published: March 2018

Ob bei Prostatakarzinompatienten eine Antitumortherapie zur Anwendung kommt, wird weitestgehend auf Grundlage von PSA-Wert und TRUS-Biopsie entschieden. Mit der multiparametrischen Magnetresonanztomografie (mpMRT) können offensichtlich unnötige Biopsien vermieden werden, ohne dass die Sicherheit des Patienten beeinträchtigt wird. Bei der aktiven überwachung kann vielen Männern die Biopsie durch Erfassung der PSA-Dichte ersparen. Für die Reduzierung der Biopsierate sprachen diverse Studien, die bei der Jahrestagung 2017 der European Association of Urology (EAU) präsentiert wurden.
Abirateron upfront in der hormonsensitiven Phase
Authors: Krome Susanne
Published: March 2018

Die Kombination Abirateron/Prednison verlängert beim metastasierten kastrations - resistenten Prostatakarzinom (mCRPC) das überleben. In der einarmigen Phase-IIStudie S1014 erhielten Patienten mit einem inkompletten Ansprechen auf die Androgendeprivation (ADT) additiv Abirateron. Primärer Studienendpunkt war die Anzahl der Patienten mit einem nicht nachweisbaren PSA innerhalb eines Jahres.
Update Breast Cancer 2018 (Part 1) – Primary Breast Cancer and Biomarkers
Authors: Taran Florin-Andrei , Schneeweiss Andreas , Lux Michael , Janni Wolfgang , Hartkopf Andreas , Nabieva Naiba , Overkamp Friedrich , Kolberg Hans-Christian , Hadji Peyman , Tesch Hans , Wöckel Achim , Ettl Johannes , Lüftner Diana , Wallwiener Markus , Müller Volkmar , Beckmann Matthias , Belleville Erik , Wallwiener Diethelm , Brucker Sara , Fasching Peter , Fehm Tanja , Schütz Florian
Published: March 2018

This summary provides an overview of how new therapies or new aspects of established therapies relate to the latest findings. Neoadjuvant therapy, local therapy, new aspects of systemic therapy, and prognostic and predictive factors are presented. In the neoadjuvant setting, the association between pathological complete response (pCR) and prognosis is still of interest as is the identification of new molecular predictors for new therapies such as CDK4/6 inhibitors. As regards surgical treatment, the target is still to reduce the aggressiveness of surgery. To achieve this, a better understanding particularly of ductal carcinoma in situ is required. With regard to systemic therapy, more data on the best combinations and therapy sequences for existing therapies is available. Finally, the use of prognostic and predictive factors may help to avoid overtreatment and ensure that patients only receive therapies which have been shown to be effective for their specific condition and have fewer side effects.
Numerical simulation and analysis of electromagnetic-wave absorption of a plasma slab created by a direct-current discharge with gridded anode
Authors: Yuan Chengxun , Tian Ruihuan , Eliseev S. I. , Bekasov V. S. , Bogdanov E. A. , Kudryavtsev A. A. , Zhou Zhongxiang
Published: March 2018

In this paper, we present investigation of a direct-current discharge with a gridded anode from the point of view of using it as a means of creating plasma coating that could efficiently absorb incident electromagnetic (EM) waves. A single discharge cell consists of two parallel plates, one of which (anode) is gridded. Electrons emitted from the cathode surface are accelerated in the short interelectrode gap and are injected into the post-anode space, where they lose acquired energy on ionization and create plasma. Numerical simulations were used to investigate the discharge structure and obtain spatial distributions of plasma density in the post-anode space. The numerical model of the discharge was based on a simple hybrid approach which takes into account non-local ionization by fast electrons streaming from the cathode sheath. Specially formulated transparency boundary conditions allowed performing simulations in 1D. Simulations were carried out in air at pressures of 10 Torr and higher. Analysis of the discharge structure and discharge formation is presented. It is shown that using cathode materials with lower secondary emission coefficients can allow increasing the thickness of plasma slabs for the same discharge current, which can potentially enhance EM wave absorption. Spatial distributions of electron density obtained during simulations were used to calculate attenuation of an incident EM wave propagating perpendicularly to the plasma slab boundary. It is shown that plasma created by means of a DC discharge with a gridded anode can efficiently absorb EM waves in the low frequency range (6–40 GHz). Increasing gas pressure results in a broader range of wave frequencies (up to 500 GHz) where a considerable attenuation is observed.
A novel control strategies to enhance the life cycle of the battery in a DC grid
Authors: Suthanthira M. , Balaraman Sujatha
Published: March 2018

This paper presents a unique control strategy for reducing the number of charge/discharge cycles of a battery in a standalone photovoltaic system with Direct Current (DC) loads. The fluctuation in both photovoltaic power and load power affects the DC bus voltage. Regulation of DC link voltage leads to a random and frequent charging/discharging profile for the battery, which in turn has a detrimental effect on the life of the battery. The proposed scheme involves a two layered voltage regulation for the DC voltage by incorporating a supercapacitor along with the battery. Two different control methods, namely, Integer order Proportional Integral Derivative (PID) and Fractional order PID, have been designed for the proposed system, and their performance has been discussed. Simulations of the proposed system with two different control methods are implemented in MATLAB for validating the proposed control algorithm, and its performance under various operating conditions of the load has been analyzed.
Sketching Pakistan's energy dynamics: Prospects of biomass energy
Authors: Iqbal Tahir , Dong Chang-qing , Lu Qiang , Ali Zulfiqar , Khan Idris , Hussain Zafar , Abbas Adnan
Published: March 2018

Pakistan is a developing economy with a mainstay shifting gradually from agriculture to industry. Improving lifestyles, population growth, and rapid urbanization have led to a continuous increase in the demand of energy. The demand-supply gap amounts to 5000 MW on average which reaches 7000 MW in the month of July when the energy demand is at peak. This shortfall causes 4%–7% loss to the gross domestic product. Energy demand is at a constant peak of 8%–10% per annum. Fossil fuels make 61% of energy mix, while the share of renewables is less than 1%. This situation calls for careful analysis and review of Pakistan's energy dynamics and to explore the potential of renewable energy resources. Biomass, a promising resource of renewable energy, is abundantly available in Pakistan. Biomass is found in various forms from firewood to crop residues to municipal solid waste. About 50% of domestic energy requirements are fulfilled by fuelwood and 34% by animal and crop residues. However, the availability of fuelwood reduces as the rate of growth of forests has shrunk to 8.8%. Other biomass resources like charcoal are used at the minor level. Bagasse produced by 70 sugar industries in the country has been found to be sufficient for the generation of 5700 GWh of electricity. Major crop residues include cotton stalks, wheat straw, rice straw, sugarcane trash, and corn stalk having production of 49.4, 34.581, 16.75, 7.83, and 5.325 million tons, respectively. Collective processing residues per annum of these crops amount to 25.271 million tons having a power generation potential of 689.25 TWh annually. Animal dung also offers encouraging potential of power generation. The total number of animals in the country is 51 million. The potential of electricity generation from animal dung at the national level has been estimated to be 4761 to 5554 MW. The municipal solid waste potential for production of energy by biochemical and thermochemical conversion is 216 kWh/t and 552 kWh/t, respectively. It was found that the country possesses potential of successfully running 15 million biogas plants. This review, which policymakers and researchers may find to be useful, revealed that biomass energy could help to achieve the target of increasing share of renewables in energy mix of the country from less than 1% to 5% by 2030 as envisaged by the Government of Pakistan.
Laser frequency stabilization using a transfer interferometer
Authors: Jackson Shira , Sawaoka Hiromitsu , Bhatt Nishant , Potnis Shreyas , Vutha Amar C.
Published: March 2018

We present a laser frequency stabilization system that uses a transfer interferometer to stabilize slave lasers to a reference laser. Our implementation uses off-the-shelf optical components along with microcontroller-based digital feedback, and offers a simple, flexible, and robust way to stabilize multiple laser frequencies to better than 1 MHz.