bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Numerical investigation of the interaction between an interface and a decaying Lamb–Oseen vortex
Authors: Liu Cheng , Hu Yiding , Xing Bo , Hu Changhong
Published: July 2024

The present study investigates the dynamics of the interface in the presence of a decaying Lamb–Oseen vortex, and four distinct wave patterns are observed: non-breaking waves with small periodic oscillations, plunging breakers, depression breakers, and gravity–capillary waves. The deformation of the interface is induced by a two-dimensional Lamb–Oseen vortex, and the study examines the influence of vortex strength and surface tension on the resulting flow. The wave dynamics are characterized as a function of the Reynolds and Weber numbers, and a phase diagram is presented in terms of (Re, We) to distinguish the different wave patterns. To ensure accurate reconstruction of the interface, the numerical methods used in this study feature a mass and momentum consistent advection method, high-order interpolation schemes, and a block-structured adaptive mesh refinement strategy. The study presents the characteristics of the air cavity entrained at the moment of wave impact for each wave pattern. Furthermore, the results provide insight into the nature of bubble entrainment within a vortex and reveals the bubble entrainment process via a breakup cascade. Meanwhile, it is also shown that the entrainment of bubble results in significant vortex distortion. Overall, this research contributes to enhance our understanding of wave dynamics and the intricate interaction between vortices and interfaces.
Experimental study of the vertical structure of internal solitary waves in the continuous pycnocline
Authors: Wang Guan-Jing , Du Hui , Fei Jian-Fang , Wang Shao-Dong , Peng Pai , Xuan Pu , Lu Zhe-Yu
Published: July 2024

In order to reveal the complex structural characteristics of internal solitary waves (ISWs) in the actual ocean, an experimental study of the vertical structure of ISWs in the continuous pycnocline (a transition layer with sharp density changes) was conducted in a stratified fluid flume. The gravity collapse method was used to generate ISWs, and their wave-flow fields were measured using a coupled wave-flow measurement technique. The vertical structure of wave-flow fields was investigated as was the applicability of the Dubreil–Jacotin–Long (DJL) equation. The results show that the waveform of ISWs contains multiple isodensity lines that varied with fluid depth. The wave amplitude and wavelength of ISWs exhibited depth-dependent changes, which were negatively correlated. The vertical structure of the flow fields exhibited an approximate circular wave packet, with stronger horizontal flow than vertical flow. The larger the characteristic amplitude, the stronger the intensity of the flow field, and the faster the intensity of the vertical flow field increased. The applicability of the DJL equation was closely related to the stratified environment, with better agreement when the upper layer fluid constituted a larger ratio of the total fluid thickness.
Analysis on axial force characteristics of variable valve and variable speed adjustment of centrifugal pump
Authors: Dong Wei , Jiang Haoqing , Zhang Haichen , Li Peixuan
Published: July 2024

In order to study the evolution mechanism of axial force characteristics of centrifugal pump in the transient process of variable working conditions, the IS80-65-160 centrifugal pump is taken as the research object, and four flow operating points of centrifugal pump 1.0Qr, 0.8Qr, 0.6Qr, and 0.4Qr are selected. Non-constant numerical simulation is carried out, and on the basis that the numerical calculation results of the external characteristics are basically consistent with the experimental results, the changes of the axial force of the impeller during the flow reduction process of the variable valve adjustment and the variable speed adjustment of the centrifugal pump are studied, respectively. The results show that as the flow rate decreases, the force of the variable valve regulating impeller cover plate increases, and the force of the variable speed regulating cover plate decreases. Under the two adjustment methods, the axial force on the pressure surface of the blade becomes smaller, the axial force on the suction surface of the blade is basically unchanged, and the pulsation coefficient of the impeller axial force increases first and then decreases. The axial force pulsation coefficient reaches the maximum value in the variable valve adjustment condition of 0.8Qr and the variable speed adjustment condition of 0.6Qr, respectively, and the axial force on the outer wall of impeller cover plate has the greatest influence on the main frequency axial force ripple coefficient; the axial force acting on the outer wall surface of the front cover plate of the impeller and the inner wall surface of the front and rear cover plates increases with the increase in the radius, The axial force acting on the outer wall surface of the rear cover plate of the impeller has axisymmetrical properties. This study revealed the evolution mechanism of the axial force characteristics of the centrifugal pump impeller during the transient process of variable working conditions, and the research results can provide a reference for improving the stable operation of the centrifugal pump.
Two-stage strategy update rule based on learning cost in weak prisoner’s dilemma
Authors: Gao Liyan , Pan Qiuhui , He Mingfeng
Published: July 2024

When players are dissatisfied with their actual payoffs, they will change the actuality by learning strategy of neighbors. The more effort players put in, the more likely they are to succeed in learning. Inspired by this, this paper proposes a two-stage strategy update rule based on learning cost. The players first decide whether to learn strategy according to the updating willingness. If the players imitate the strategy of neighbors, they need to pay the learning cost. Results show that for the well-mixed population, if the updating willingness is homogeneous and remains unchanged, reducing the updating willingness or increasing the learning cost can extend the life cycle of cooperators. If the updating willingness is heterogeneous and dynamically adjusted based on the difference between the actual payoff and the expected payoff, increasing aspiration value and learning cost promotes cooperation. For the structured population, if the updating willingness is homogeneous and remains unchanged, the moderate learning cost is beneficial for cooperators to resist the temptation of defection, and reducing updating willingness makes the system maintain cooperation within a larger parameter range. If the updating willingness is heterogeneous and dynamically adjusted, the larger learning cost and the appropriate aspiration value promote cooperation. This study highlights the complex dynamics of cooperation in paid strategy learning, contributing to the theory of cooperation in the evolutionary game.
Zfp106 binds to G-quadruplex RNAs and inhibits RAN translation and formation of RNA foci caused by G4C2 repeats
Authors: Celona Barbara , Salomonsson Sally E. , Wu Haifan , Dang Bobo , Kratochvil Huong T. , Clelland Claire D. , DeGrado William F. , Black Brian L.
Published: July 2024

Expansion of intronic GGGGCC repeats in the
C9orf72
gene causes amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) and frontotemporal dementia. Transcription of the expanded repeats results in the formation of RNA-containing nuclear foci and altered RNA metabolism. In addition, repeat-associated non-AUG (RAN) translation of the expanded GGGGCC-repeat sequence results in the production of highly toxic dipeptide-repeat (DPR) proteins. GGGGCC repeat–containing transcripts form G-quadruplexes, which are associated with formation of RNA foci and RAN translation. Zfp106, an RNA-binding protein essential for motor neuron survival in mice, suppresses neurotoxicity in a
Drosophila
model of
C9orf72
ALS. Here, we show that Zfp106 inhibits formation of RNA foci and significantly reduces RAN translation caused by GGGGCC repeats in cultured mammalian cells, and we demonstrate that Zfp106 coexpression reduces the levels of DPRs in
C9orf72
patient-derived cells. Further, we show that Zfp106 binds to RNA G-quadruplexes and causes a conformational change in the G-quadruplex structure formed by GGGGCC repeats. Together, these data demonstrate that Zfp106 suppresses the formation of RNA foci and DPRs caused by GGGGCC repeats and suggest that the G-quadruplex RNA-binding function of Zfp106 contributes to its suppression of GGGGCC repeat-mediated cytotoxicity.
Molecular mechanisms of proteoglycan-mediated semaphorin signaling in axon guidance
Authors: Nourisanami Farahdokht , Sobol Margarita , Li Zhuoran , Horvath Matej , Kowalska Karolina , Kumar Atul , Vlasak Jonas , Koupilova Nicola , Luginbuhl David J. , Luo Liqun , Rozbesky Daniel
Published: July 2024

The precise assembly of a functional nervous system relies on axon guidance cues. Beyond engaging their cognate receptors and initiating signaling cascades that modulate cytoskeletal dynamics, guidance cues also bind components of the extracellular matrix, notably proteoglycans, yet the role and mechanisms of these interactions remain poorly understood. We found thatDrosophilasecreted semaphorins bind specifically to glycosaminoglycan (GAG) chains of proteoglycans, showing a preference based on the degree of sulfation. Structural analysis of Sema2b unveiled multiple GAG-binding sites positioned outside canonical plexin-binding site, with the highest affinity binding site located at the C-terminal tail, characterized by a lysine-rich helical arrangement that appears to be conserved across secreted semaphorins. In vivo studies revealed a crucial role of the Sema2b C-terminal tail in specifying the trajectory of olfactory receptor neurons. We propose that secreted semaphorins tether to the cell surface through interactions with GAG chains of proteoglycans, facilitating their presentation to cognate receptors on passing axons.
Evaluating AI and human authorship quality in academic writing through physics essays
Authors: Yeadon Will , Agra Elise , Inyang Oto-Obong , Mackay Paul , Mizouri Arin
Published: July 2024

This study aims to compare the academic writing quality and detectability of authorship between human and AI-generated texts by evaluating n = 300 short-form physics essay submissions, equally divided between student work submitted before the introduction of ChatGPT and those generated by OpenAI’s GPT-4. In blinded evaluations conducted by five independent markers who were unaware of the origin of the essays, we observed no statistically significant differences in scores between essays authored by humans and those produced by AI (p-value = 0.107, α = 0.05). Additionally, when the markers subsequently attempted to identify the authorship of the essays on a 4-point Likert scale—from ‘Definitely AI’ to ‘Definitely Human’—their performance was only marginally better than random chance. This outcome not only underscores the convergence of AI and human authorship quality but also highlights the difficulty of discerning AI-generated content solely through human judgment. Furthermore, the effectiveness of five commercially available software tools for identifying essay authorship was evaluated. Among these, ZeroGPT was the most accurate, achieving a 98% accuracy rate and a precision score of 1.0 when its classifications were reduced to binary outcomes. This result is a source of potential optimism for maintaining assessment integrity. Finally, we propose that texts with ≤50% AI-generated content should be considered the upper limit for classification as human-authored, a boundary inclusive of a future with ubiquitous AI assistance whilst also respecting human-authorship.
Porous carbon materials with different dimensions and their applications in supercapacitors
Authors: Zhang Miao , Peng Zixin
Published: July 2024

Supercapacitors have become attractive energy storage devices due to their high power density, good cycling stability, and fast charging and discharging speeds. Porous carbon has great specific surface area, high energy density and good conversion performance, so porous carbon as supercapacitor electrode material has been widely concerned. Carbon materials with different dimensions and sizes, such as porous carbon spheres, porous carbon nanotubes, porous carbon nanofibers porous graphene and activated carbon can provide different performance advantages. At the same time, the composite of porous carbon with metal compounds, conductive polymers and particles containing N/P/O/S can further optimize electrode materials, as well as the significant effects on the increase of specific surface area and energy density are obtained. This article introduces the porous carbon materials used as electrode materials in recent years, as well as their multi-level structural materials and related composite materials. We first introduced porous carbon electrode materials with different dimensions and compared their electrochemical performance. Then, based on various research results, the factors affecting its electrochemical performance were discussed in detail. As well as, the preparation methods of porous carbon electrode materials were introduced, and the specific requirements, advantages and disadvantages of different preparation methods were briefly analyzed. The application of porous carbon electrode materials combined with other materials in supercapacitors is listed. Finally, a summary and outlook of the current research status were supplied, providing reference for the rational design of porous carbon supercapacitors in the future.
Optimal design of thick-walled circular coils for uniform magnetic field generation
Authors: Li Jialong , Zhu Xinhui , Sun Yuxuan , Cao Quanliang , Li Liang
Published: July 2024

Uniform magnetic field coils are widely used as electromagnetic equipment in industrial, medical, and research applications, with Helmholtz coils being a common configuration. For applications requiring a relatively high magnetic field (∼mT), Helmholtz coils typically feature a large coil cross-section. However, this characteristic makes them unsuitable for describing the magnetic field generated by a current loop model during the design process. In this work, we model the magnetic field of a large cross-section Helmholtz coil system, often referred to as a thick-walled Helmholtz coil. By employing a genetic algorithm, we transform the design problem of a Helmholtz coil into a constrained optimization problem. Subsequently, we propose a method for reverse designing a Helmholtz coil based on constraints on the target magnetic field. Finite element simulations verify the accuracy of the established magnetic field calculation model in describing the magnetic field generated by the thick-walled Helmholtz coil. Moreover, the designed Helmholtz coil effectively meets the design constraints and objectives. This method addresses the issue of significant errors in calculating the magnetic field and its uniformity resulting from the cross-sectional effect during the design of thick-walled Helmholtz coils. Furthermore, it satisfies the constraints for coil operating time and lightweight design.
Lattice dynamics and free energies of Fe–V alloys with thermal and chemical disorder
Authors: Diaz-Caraveo Cesar , C Bimal K , San Martín Jorge A Muñoz
Published: July 2024

Molecular dynamics simulations of Fe–V binary alloys with body-centered cubic as the underlying lattice were performed using a classical potential for chemically ordered and disordered states at finite temperatures for a common set of volumes. The equation of state was fitted to the computational data to obtain temperature- and chemical-order-dependent state functions via the Moruzzi-Janak-Schwarz approximation. Additionally, vibrational entropies that account for both thermal and chemical disorder were calculated for the equiatomic compositions from phonon density-of-states curves computed using effective force constants obtained from fits to the simulations. The latter predicts that the vibrational entropy at room temperature at equiatomicity is higher for the ordered phase than for the solid solution, a peculiar behavior previously observed experimentally. The internal energy of mixing favors ordering at all compositions, with a maximum at equiatomicity that decreases as the solute concentration decreases. The configurational entropy contribution to the free energy of mixing is almost entirely responsible for the stability of the high-temperature disordered phase.
Dynamic analysis of planetary gear transmission based on Lagrange interpolation polynomials
Authors: Chen Ronghua , Gu Yingkui , Qiu Guangqi , Huang Peng
Published: July 2024

This paper proposes a novel dynamic model considering manufacturing errors and eccentricity errors to analyze the dynamics of planetary gear transmission (PGT). The dynamic model is established based on the fractional-order calculus and solved by an enhanced fourth-order Lagrange interpolation polynomials method. Three numerical examples and the vibration experiments of PGT are employed for verification. The comparison results indicate that the proposed solution method has higher solution accuracy and efficient than the existing algorithms in solving fractional equations, and the relative errors of the proposed solution method in three examples are 0.32%, 0.78% and 0.16%, respectively. The proposed dynamic model of PGT has better agreement with the experimentally measured signal compared with the integer-order dynamic model, and the maximum error and average error of the characteristic frequency amplitude between the proposed dynamic model and the measured signal are 4.76% and 3.57%, respectively. The proposed method contributes to the theoretical foundation for the signal monitoring of PGT.
Turbulence closure modeling with machine learning: a foundational physics perspective
Authors: Girimaji Sharath S
Published: July 2024

Turbulence closure modeling using machine learning (ML) is at an early crossroads. The extraordinary success of ML in a variety of challenging fields had given rise to an expectation of similar transformative advances in the area of turbulence closure modeling. However, by most accounts, the current rate of progress toward accurate and predictive ML-RANS (Reynolds Averaged Navier–Stokes) closure models has been very slow. Upon retrospection, the absence of rapid transformative progress can be attributed to two factors: the underestimation of the intricacies of turbulence modeling and the overestimation of ML’s ability to capture all features without employing targeted strategies. To pave the way for more meaningful ML closures tailored to address the nuances of turbulence, this article seeks to review the foundational flow physics to assess the challenges in the context of data-driven approaches. Revisiting analogies with statistical mechanics and stochastic systems, the key physical complexities and mathematical limitations are explicated. It is noted that the current ML approaches do not systematically address the inherent limitations of a statistical approach or the inadequacies of the mathematical forms of closure expressions. The study underscores the drawbacks of supervised learning-based closures and stresses the importance of a more discerning ML modeling framework. As ML methods evolve (which is happening at a rapid pace) and our understanding of the turbulence phenomenon improves, the inferences expressed here should be suitably modified.
Flat bands in three-dimensional lattice models with non-trivial Hopf index
Authors: Dutta Ivan , Saha Kush
Published: July 2024

We report the presence of exactly and nearly flat bands with non-trivial topology in three-dimensional (3D) lattice models. We first show that an exactly flat band can be realized in a 3D lattice model characterized by a 3D topological invariant, namely Hopf invariant. In contrast, we find another distinct 3D model, exhibiting both 2D Chern and 3D Hopf invariant, namely Hopf-Chern insulator, that can host nearly or perfect flat bands across different 2D planes. Such a Hopf-Chern model can be constructed by introducing specific hopping along the orthogonal direction of a simple two-orbital 2D Chern insulator in the presence of in-plane nearest-neighbor and next-nearest hopping among different orbitals. While the Chern planes host nearly perfect flat bands, the orthogonal planes can host both perfect or nearly perfect flat bands with zero Chern number at some special parameter values. Interestingly, such a 3D lattice construction from 2D allows finite Hopf invariant too. Finally, we show that higher Chern models can also be constructed in the same lattice setup with only nearest and next-nearest hopping, but the appearance of flat bands along high-symmetric path in the Brillouin zone requires longer-range hopping. We close with a discussion on possible experimental platforms to realize the models.
Detection of breast tumor with a frequency selective surface loaded ultra-wide band antenna system
Authors: Ullah Naveed , Abdulkarim Yadgar I , Wang Fang , Liu Yuhuai , Zerrad Fatima-Ezzahra , Taouzari Mohamed
Published: July 2024

Breast tumors are a significant cause to the global death rate among women. However, the fatality rate can be lowered through early detection. This paper presents an ultra-wideband, modified patch antenna of a compact size that can be used for microwave-sensing biomedical applications in the detection of breast cancer. A partial ground plane and slots are implemented in a transformed patch antenna to enhance the impedance bandwidth. The antenna is backed by a uniform frequency selective surface of 5 × 5 unit cells to achieve the necessary antenna characteristics, specifically directivity and gain, for microwave detection applications. Through optimization and fabrication, the final design maintained (|S11|< −10 dB) over the entire frequency band of 11.6 GHz (3.1–14.7 GHz) and achieved an average gain of over 5 dBi. Other metrics, such as group delay and the fidelity factor in different setups, are also simulated to observe the expected performance in the required frequency range. Finally, based on simulation, a model is suggested that comprises various configurations of antenna arrays, including one Tx antenna and one to seven Rx antennas. Further, breast phantom with different tumor sizes and locations were used in the simulation. The simulation results successfully validated the detection of breast cancer cells. We believe these technologies can open possibilities in healthcare applications for identifying tumors.
Physics informed neural network based scheme and its error analysis for ψ-Caputo type fractional differential equations
Authors: Sivalingam S M , Govindaraj V
Published: July 2024

This paper proposes a scientific machine learning approach based on Deep Physics Informed Neural Network (PINN) to solve ψ-Caputo-type differential equations. The trial solution is constructed based on the Theory of Functional Connection (TFC), and the loss function is built using the L1-based difference and quadrature rule. The learning is handled using the new hybrid average subtraction, standard deviation-based optimizer, and the nonlinear least squares approach. The training error is theoretically obtained, and the generalization error is derived in terms of training error. Numerical experiments are performed to validate the proposed approach. We also validate our scheme on the SIR model.
Advances and challenges in 4H silicon carbide: defects and impurities
Authors: Yang Yanwei , Tong Zhouyu , Pi Xiaodong , Yang Deren , Huang Yuanchao
Published: July 2024

Under the impetus of global carbon peak and carbon neutrality goals, a new generation of semiconductor material is urgently needed in various aspects of power electronic systems. In comparison to traditional semiconductor materials like single-crystal silicon, the outstanding characteristics of 4H silicon carbide (4H-SiC) have gradually positioned it as a crucial semiconductor material for emerging power semiconductor applications. Attributed to the significance of impurities and defects in the semiconductor, profound and in-depth comprehension of impurities and defects about 4H-SiC plays a crucial guiding role. This paper, building upon a brief overview of the current state of 4H-SiC research, summarizes the experimental and theoretical advancements in the study of defects and impurities about 4H-SiC in recent years. Besides, we also systematically review the categories of defects in 4H-SiC, introduce methods for characterizing and identifying defects in 4H-SiC, and thoroughly discuss potential doping technologies in 4H-SiC. Challenges faced in the research of defects and impurities are finally outlined.
Studies of anisotropic polarization in graphene oxide doped in PVA
Authors: A Athira , Shaji Chitra , Ramachandran Neeraj , Sharan Alok
Published: July 2024

We have observed and measured the optical anisotropy of graphene oxide (GO) in polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) using Stokes-Mueller Polarimetry (SMP). We found that it depends on the films with varying weight percent of GO in PVA. Analysis of polarized light transmitted through the ordered microstructure of GO in PVA reveals the anisotropic behavior due to its preferential alignment. The complex refractive index analysis of GO-PVA films complements the results of SMP.
EPR steering paradox ‘2
Q
= (2−δ)
C
’
Authors: Liu Zhi-Jie , Fan Xing-Yan , Zhou Jie , Xie Mi , Chen Jing-Ling
Published: July 2024

Einstein-Podolsky-Rosen (EPR) steering is a quantum nonlocality between entanglement and Bell’s nonlocality emphasizing the incompatibility of the local-hidden-state (LHS) model with quantum theory. It is well established that the EPR steering paradox is an essential method for determining steering, which reveals the nature of steering by logical contradiction. However, previous studies on the EPR steering paradox have only examined cases where the conditional states of the steered party are pure. In this work, we present the EPR steering paradox about the case when the conditional states of the steered party are mixed, which can be expressed as a paradoxical equality ‘

2

Q

=

2
−
δ

C

’

0
<
δ
<
1

given by quantum (Q) and classical (C) theories. For any N-qubit state, in the two-setting steering protocol, the contradiction ‘

2

Q

=

2
−
δ

C

’ can be obtained if and only if a particular set of projective measurements of the steering party makes all the conditional states of the steered party pure, which also implies that the N-qubit state is steerable. Moreover, considering the conditional states of the steered party as mixed states, we are able to identify the full range of steerable states detectable through the EPR steering paradox method. This also means that, so far, one has found all the steerable states that can be recognized by the EPR steering paradox, which is significant for some typical quantum schemes such as quantum teleportation and quantum key distribution.
Electromagnetic wave scattering in plasma beam-driven waveguides under strong magnetic fields
Authors: Rizvi Shahana , Afzal Muhammad
Published: July 2024

This study analyzes the scattering of electromagnetic waves in a cold and uniform plasma-filled waveguide driven by an intense relativistic plasma beam under a strong magnetic field. The strong interaction of plasma with electromagnetic waves enables its potential use in different types of waveguides. The Helmholtz equation governs the boundary value problem, which is solved by incorporating the mode matching technique. Invoking the boundary and matching conditions and the derived orthogonality and dispersion relations in this scheme gives an exact solution to the scattering problem. The numerical results shed light on the occurrence of reflection and transmission and flow of power. The power flux is plotted against angular frequency and various duct configurations. The solution is completely validated through the benefit of analytical and numerical results. The investigation of this structure reveals not only its mathematical, but also its physical features.
A trilayer waveguide grating antenna with offset etching grooves for high directionality and large effective length
Authors: Ji Zhangjie , Shi Yiming , Xia Changquan , Chen Haitao , Cheng Liwen
Published: July 2024

In this study, a trilayer waveguide grating antenna with offset etching grooves is proposed, the trilayer waveguide composed of a diffractive layer (Si3N4) - waveguide layer (Si) - diffractive layer (Si3N4) buried in SiO2 cladding. The inserted Si3N4 diffraction layers effectively reduce the refractive index contrast between the traditional Si waveguide layer and SiO2 cladding, which diminishes the disturbance coefficient of the conventional antenna, resulting in a large effective length. In addition, the offset etching grooves located on the diffraction layers break the vertical symmetry of the antenna, which enhances the directionality markedly. Simulation results demonstrate a directionality exceeding 87% and a beam steering range of 6.9° along the θ axis in a range of wavelength from 1500 nm to 1600 nm. Specifically, at a wavelength of 1550 nm, the peak directivity of the antenna exceeds 96% while the maximum effective length exceeds 4.4 mm.
Familiarity enhances functional connectivity between visual and nonvisual regions of the brain during natural viewing
Authors: Noad Kira N , Watson David M , Andrews Timothy J
Published: July 2024

We explored the neural correlates of familiarity with people and places using a naturalistic viewing paradigm. Neural responses were measured using functional magnetic resonance imaging, while participants viewed a movie taken from Game of Thrones. We compared inter-subject correlations and functional connectivity in participants who were either familiar or unfamiliar with the TV series. Higher inter-subject correlations were found between familiar participants in regions, beyond the visual brain, that are typically associated with the processing of semantic, episodic, and affective information. However, familiarity also increased functional connectivity between face and scene regions in the visual brain and the nonvisual regions of the familiarity network. To determine whether these regions play an important role in face recognition, we measured responses in participants with developmental prosopagnosia (DP). Consistent with a deficit in face recognition, the effect of familiarity was significantly attenuated across the familiarity network in DP. The effect of familiarity on functional connectivity between face regions and the familiarity network was also attenuated in DP. These results show that the neural response to familiarity involves an extended network of brain regions and that functional connectivity between visual and nonvisual regions of the brain plays an important role in the recognition of people and places during natural viewing.
State-of-the-Art Review: Evaluation and Management of Delusional Infestation
Authors: Mendelsohn Alexandra , Sato Taisuke , Subedi Ankita , Wurcel Alysse G
Published: July 2024

Delusional infestation is a condition encountered frequently by healthcare professionals across a variety of specialties in which patients have a fixed, false belief that they are infested with living creatures, such as bugs, parasites, worms, or mites, or nonliving objects, such as fibers. Delusional infestation can be debilitating for patients, who not only present with intense psychological distress and physical discomfort but are also at risk of developing numerous dermatological and psychiatric complications. This condition poses unique diagnostic challenges, as these symptoms can occur secondary to many metabolic or infectious causes, as well as unique treatment challenges, with patients frequently refusing psychiatric care and consequently seeking evaluation by other healthcare professionals. In this review, we aim to use existing literature to provide clinicians in infectious diseases or other specialties with sufficient clinical context and treatment guidance for the appropriate management of delusional infestation.
Effect of zearalenone on the jejunum of weaned gilts through the Epac1/Rap1/JNK pathway
Authors: Liu Heng , Ma Lulu , Fu Jiawei , Ma Xiangyu , Gao Yufei , Xie Yiping , Yuan Xuejun , Wang Yuxi , Yang Weiren , Jiang Shuzhen
Published: July 2024

Zearalenone (ZEN) is a nonsteroidal estrogenic mycotoxin produced by Fusarium strains that is harmful to the intestinal health of animals and is widely present in contaminated crops. The objective of this study was to investigate the potential therapeutic target of ZEN-induced jejunal damage in weaned gilts. Sixteen weaned gilts either received a basal diet or a basal diet supplemented with 3.0 mg/kg ZEN in a 32-d experiment. The results showed that ZEN at the concentration of 3.0 mg/kg diet activated the inflammatory response and caused oxidative stress of gilts (P < 0.05). ZEN exposure resulted in the upregulation (P < 0.05) of the Exchange protein directly activated by the cAMP 1/Ras-related protein1/c-Jun N-terminal kinase (Epac1/Rap1/JNK) signaling pathway in the jejunum of gilts in vivo and in the intestinal porcine epithelial cells in vitro. The cell viability, EdU-positive cells, and the mRNA expression of B-cell lymphoma-2 (Bcl-2) were decreased, whereas the reactive oxygen species production and the mRNA expressions of Bcl-2-associated X (Bax) and Cysteine-aspartic acid protease 3 (Caspase3) were increased (P < 0.05) by ZEN. However, ZEN increased the mRNA expression of Bcl-2 and decreased the mRNA expressions of Bax and caspase3 (P < 0.05) after the Epac1 was blocked. These results collectively indicated that a 3.0 mg ZEN /kg diet induced jejunal damage via the Epac1/Rap1/JNK signaling pathway.
Asynchronous calibration of a CT scanner for bone mineral density estimation: sources of error and correction
Authors: Dudle Alice , Ith Michael , Egli Rainer , Heverhagen Johannes , Gugler Yvan , Wapp Christina , Frauchiger Daniela A , Lippuner Kurt , Jackowski Christian , Zysset Philippe
Published: July 2024

The estimation of BMD with CT scans requires a calibration method, usually based on a phantom. In asynchronous calibration, the phantom is scanned separately from the patient. A standardized acquisition protocol must be used to avoid variations between patient and phantom. However, variations can still be induced, for example, by temporal fluctuations or patient characteristics. Based on the further use of 739 forensic and 111 clinical CT scans, this study uses the proximal femur BMD value (“total hip”) to assess asynchronous calibration accuracy, using in-scan calibration as ground truth. It identifies the parameters affecting the calibration accuracy and quantifies their impact. For time interval and table height, the impact was measured by calibrating the CT scan twice (once using the phantom scan with closest acquisition parameters and once using a phantom scan with standard values) and comparing the calibration accuracy. For other parameters such as body weight, the impact was measured by computing a linear regression between parameter values and calibration accuracy. Finally, this study proposes correction methods to reduce the effect of these parameters and improve the calibration accuracy. The BMD error of the asynchronous calibration, using the phantom scan with the closest acquisition parameters, was −1.2 ± 1.7% for the forensic and − 1.6 ± 3.5% for the clinical dataset. Among the parameters studied, time interval and body weight were identified as the main sources of error for asynchronous calibration, followed by table height and reconstruction kernel. Based on these results, a correction method was proposed to improve the calibration accuracy.
Are community oncology practices with or without clinical research programs different? A comparison of patient and practice characteristics
Authors: Altomare Ivy , Wang Xiaoliang , Kaur Maneet , Guadamuz Jenny S , Falk Sam , Xiao Forrest , Meropol Neal J , Zhao Yihua
Published: July 2024

Background

Expanding access to clinical trials in community settings is a potential approach to addressing disparities in accrual of historically underrepresented populations. However, little is known about the characteristics of practices that do not participate in research. We investigated differences in patient and practice characteristics of US community oncology practices with high vs low engagement in clinical research.

Methods

We included patients from a real-world, nationwide electronic health record–derived, de-identified database who received active treatment for cancer at community oncology practices between November 1, 2017, and October 31, 2022. We assessed patient and practice characteristics and their associations with high vs low research engagement using descriptive analyses and logistic regression models.

Results

Of the 178 practices, 70 (39.3%) events had high research engagement, treated 57.8% of the overall 568 540 patient cohort, and enrolled 3.25% of their patients on cancer treatment trials during the 5-year observation period (vs 0.27% enrollment among low engagement practices). Practices with low vs high research engagement treated higher proportions of the following patient groups: ages 75 years and older (24.2% vs 21.8%), non-Latinx Black (12.6% vs 10.3%) or Latinx (11.6% vs 6.1%), were within the lowest socioeconomic status quintile (21.9% vs16.5%), and were uninsured or had no documented insurance (22.2% vs 13.6%).

Conclusions

Patient groups historically underrepresented in oncology clinical trials are more likely to be treated at community practices with limited or no access to trials. These results suggest that investments to expand the clinical research footprint among practices with low research engagement could help address persistent inequities in trial representation.
Biliary anatomic variant and recurrent acute cholecystitis, cholelithiasis in gallbladder remnant in patient with autosomal dominant polycystic kidney disease
Authors: Mortenson Dale , Perez Anna
Published: July 2024

Autosomal dominant polycystic kidney disease (ADPKD) is the most common inherited renal disorder. ADPKD is not only associated with progression of renal disease, but also several hepatobiliary manifestations. This report is of a 49-year-old female with recurrent cholelithiasis and cholecystitis following subtotal cholecystectomy in the context of aberrant biliary anatomy and ADPKD. There were significant adhesions obscuring the cystic duct, necessitating the second cholecystectomy be performed open. The right posterior hepatic duct was adhered to the gallbladder wall and was perforated while attempting to remove the gallbladder remnant. The duct was repaired over a T-tube, without any subsequent biliary leak. The cystic duct was hugely dilated and impacted with stones down to the junction with the common bile duct, which were evacuated, and the cystic duct was oversewn along with the remnant of the gallbladder wall. The recovery course was unremarkable.
On subreducts of subresiduated lattices and some related logics
Authors: Castiglioni JosÉ Luis , FernÁndez Víctor , Mallea Héctor Federico , San MartÍn HernÁn Javier
Published: July 2024

Subresiduated lattices were introduced during the decade of 1970 by Epstein and Horn as an algebraic counterpart of some logics with strong implication previously studied by Lewy and Hacking. These logics are examples of subintuitionistic logics, i.e. logics in the language of intuitionistic logic that are defined semantically by using Kripke models, in the same way as intuitionistic logic is defined, but without requiring of the models some of the properties required in the intuitionistic case. Also in relation with the study of subintuitionistic logics, Celani and Jansana get these algebras as the elements of a subvariety of that of weak Heyting algebras. Here, we study both the implicative and the implicative-infimum subreducts of subresiduated lattices. Besides, we propose a calculus whose equivalent algebraic semantics is given by these classes of algebras. Several expansions of these calculi are also studied together with some interesting properties of them.
3D code for MAgneto-Thermal evolution in Isolated Neutron Stars, MATINS: thermal evolution and light curves
Authors: Ascenzi Stefano , Viganò Daniele , Dehman Clara , Pons José A , Rea Nanda , Perna Rosalba
Published: July 2024

The thermal evolution of isolated neutron stars is a key element in unravelling their internal structure and composition and establishing evolutionary connections among different observational subclasses. Previous studies have predominantly focused on one-dimensional or axisymmetric two-dimensional models. In this study, we present the thermal evolution component of the novel three-dimensional magnetothermal code MATINS (MAgneto-Thermal evolution of Isolated Neutron Star). MATINS employs a finite volume scheme and integrates a realistic background structure, along with state-of-the-art microphysical calculations for the conductivities, neutrino emissivities, heat capacity, and superfluid gap models. This paper outlines the methodology employed to solve the thermal evolution equations in MATINS, along with the microphysical implementation that is essential for the thermal component. We test the accuracy of the code and present simulations with non-evolving magnetic fields of different configurations (all with electrical currents confined to the crust and a magnetic field that does not thread the core), to produce temperature maps of the neutron star surface. Additionally, for a specific magnetic field configuration, we show one fully coupled evolution of magnetic field and temperature. Subsequently, we use a ray-tracing code to link the neutron star surface temperature maps obtained by MATINS with the phase-resolved spectra and pulsed profiles that would be detected by distant observers. This study, together with our previous article focused on the magnetic formalism, presents in detail the most advanced evolutionary code for isolated neutron stars, with the aim of comparison with their timing properties, thermal luminosities and the associated X-ray light curves.
aeons: approximating the end of nested sampling
Authors: Hu Zixiao , Baryshnikov Artem , Handley William
Published: July 2024

This paper presents analytical results on the anatomy of nested sampling, from which a technique is developed to estimate the run-time of the algorithm that works for any nested sampling implementation. We test these methods on both toy models and true cosmological nested sampling runs. The method gives an order-of-magnitude prediction of the endpoint at all times, forecasting the true endpoint within standard error around the halfway point.
Examining partial ergodicity as a predictor of star formation departures from the galactic main sequence in isolated galaxies
Authors: Smith Fraser M , Thacker Robert J
Published: July 2024

Lacking the ability to follow individual galaxies on cosmological time-scales, our understanding of individual galaxy evolution is broadly inferred from population trends and behaviours. In its most prohibitive form, this approach assumes that galactic star formation properties exhibit ergodicity, so that individual galaxy evolution can be statistically inferred via ensemble behaviours. The validity of this assumption is tested through the use of observationally motivated simulations of isolated galaxies. The suite of simulated galaxies is statistically constructed to match observed galaxy properties by using kernel density estimation to create structural parameter distributions, augmented by theoretical relationships where necessary. We also test the impact of different physical processes, such as stellar winds or the presence of halo substructure on the star formation behaviour. We consider the subtleties involved in constraining ergodic properties, such as the distinction between stationarity imposed by stellar wind feedback and truly ergodic behaviour. However, without sufficient variability in star formation properties, individual galaxies are unable to explore the full parameter space. While, as expected, full ergodicity appears to be ruled out, we find reasonable evidence for partial ergodicity, where averaging over mass-selected subsets of galaxies more broadly resembles time averages, where the average largest deviation across physical scenarios is 0.20 dex. As far as we are aware, this the first time partial ergodicity has been considered in an astronomical context, and provides a promising statistical concept. Despite morphological changes introduced by close encounters with dark matter substructure, subhaloes are not found to significantly increase deviations from ergodic assumptions.
Unveiling the purely young star formation history of the SMC’s northeastern shell from colour–magnitude diagram fitting
Authors: Sakowska Joanna D , Noël Noelia E D , Ruiz-Lara Tomás , Gallart Carme , Massana Pol , Nidever David L , Cassisi Santi , Correa-Amaro Patricio , Choi Yumi , Besla Gurtina , Erkal Denis , Martínez-Delgado David , Monelli Matteo , Olsen Knut A G , Stringfellow Guy S
Published: July 2024

We obtain a quantitative star formation history (SFH) of a shell-like structure (‘shell’) located in the northeastern part of the Small Magellanic Cloud (SMC). We use the Survey of the MAgellanic Stellar History to derive colour–magnitude diagrams (CMDs), reaching below the oldest main-sequence turnoff, from which we compute the SFHs with CMD-fitting techniques. We present, for the first time, a novel technique that uses red clump (RC) stars from the CMDs to assess and account for the SMC’s line-of-sight depth effect present during the SFH derivation. We find that accounting for this effect recovers a more accurate SFH. We quantify an $\sim$7 kpc line-of-sight depth present in the CMDs, in good agreement with depth estimates from RC stars in the northeastern SMC. By isolating the stellar content of the northeastern shell and incorporating the line-of-sight depth into our calculations, we obtain an unprecedentedly detailed SFH. We find that the northeastern shell is primarily composed of stars younger than $\sim$500 Myr, with significant star formation enhancements around $\sim$250 and $\sim$450 Myr. These young stars are the main contributors to the shell’s structure. We show synchronicity between the northeastern shell’s SFH with the Large Magellanic Cloud’s (LMC) northern arm, which we attribute to the interaction history of the SMC with the LMC and the Milky Way (MW) over the past $\sim$500 Myr. Our results highlight the complex interplay of ram pressure stripping and the influence of the MW’s circumgalactic medium in shaping the SMC’s northeastern shell.