bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Cytogenetic Analysis of Sporadic First-Trimester Miscarriage Specimens Using Karyotyping and QF-PCR: A Retrospective Romanian Cohort Study
Authors: Popescu-Hobeanu Gabriela , Riza Anca-Lelia , Streață Ioana , Tudorache Ștefania , Comănescu Alexandru , Tănase Florentina , Drăgușin Roxana Cristina , Pascu Cornelia , Dijmărescu Anda Lorena , Cara Monica-Laura , Dorobanțu Ștefania , Petre-Mandache Bianca , Cucu Mihai , Sosoi Simona Serban , Ioana Mihai , Iliescu Dominic , Burada Florin
Published: November 2022

It is well known that first-trimester miscarriages are associated with chromosome abnormalities, with numerical chromosome abnormalities being the ones most commonly detected. Conventional karyotyping is still considered the gold standard in the analysis of products of conception, despite the extended use of molecular genetic techniques. However, conventional karyotyping is a laborious and time-consuming method, with a limited resolution of 5–10 Mb and hampered by maternal cell contamination and culture failure. The aim of our study was to assess the type and frequency of chromosomal abnormalities detected by conventional karyotyping in specimens of sporadic first-trimester miscarriages in a Romanian cohort, using QF-PCR to exclude maternal cell contamination. Long-term cultures were established and standard protocols were applied for cell harvesting, slide preparation, and GTG banding. All samples with 46,XX karyotype were tested for maternal cell contamination by QF-PCR, comparing multiple microsatellite markers in maternal blood with cell culture and tissue samples. Out of the initial 311 specimens collected from patients with sporadic first-trimester miscarriages, a total of 230 samples were successfully analyzed after the exclusion of 81 specimens based on unsuitable sampling, culture failure, or QF-PCR-proven maternal cell contamination. Chromosome abnormalities were detected in 135 cases (58.7%), with the most common type being single autosomal trisomy (71/135—52.6%), followed by monosomy (monosomy X being the only one detected, 24/135—17.8%), and polyploidy (23/135—17.0%). The subgroup analysis based on maternal age showed a statistically significant higher rate of single trisomy for women aged 35 years or older (40.3%) compared to the young maternal age group (26.1%) (p = 0.029). In conclusion, the combination of conventional karyotyping and QF-PCR can lead to an increased chromosome abnormality detection rate in first-trimester miscarriages. Our study provides reliable information for the genetic counseling of patients with first-trimester miscarriages, and further large-scale studies using different genetic techniques are required.
Genomic Evidence Suggests Viral Persistence of SARS-CoV-2 for 386 Days in Health Worker: A Case Report from Santiago of Chile
Authors: Acuña-Castillo Claudio , Maisey Kevin , Vidal Mabel , Barrera-Avalos Carlos , Inostroza-Molina Ailen , Luraschi Roberto , Vallejos-Vidal Eva , Valdés Daniel , Imarai Mónica , Reyes-López Felipe E. , Sandino Ana María
Published: November 2022

The COVID-19 pandemic continues to affect several countries. One of the best ways to control its spread is the timely identification of infected patients for isolation and quarantine. While an episode of infection lasts an average of 8–10 days from the onset of symptoms, there is literature describing long-lasting viral persistence events. Here, we report a case of persistence of SARS-CoV-2 for 386 days in a health worker from Santiago de Chile. Our study could be one of the longest reported viral persistence events. RNA sequencing analyses indicated that the first positive diagnosis (8 June 2020) corresponded to a SARS-CoV-2 variant belonging to Clade Nextstrain 20A. Three hundred eighty-six days later (23 September 2021), the second positive result reached the same viral variant (Clade 20A) but without presence or circulation in Chile since May 2021. Both sequencing coverages showed an identity of 99.21%, with some mutations related to the severity of the disease (ORF1b:P314L) and more infectivity (S:D614G). This work reinforces the idea of implementing an RT-qPCR or rapid antigen test once the quarantine is fulfilled to ensure viral absence, identify potential persistence, and, consequently, minimize the risk of local outbreaks of SARS-CoV-2 infection.
Historical Aspects of Herbal Use and Comparison of Current Regulations of Herbal Products between Mexico, Canada and the United States of America
Authors: Rojas Patricia , Jung-Cook Helgi , Ruiz-Sánchez Elizabeth , Rojas-Tomé Irma Susana , Rojas Carolina , López-Ramírez Arely M. , Reséndiz-Albor Aldo Arturo
Published: November 2022

Increased life expectancy and high costs of medicines and medical care have led to the use of herbal products. However, these items may contain toxic compounds that have an impact on public health. We will focus on the regulatory aspects and differences of these products marketed in the North American region (USA-Mexico-Canada) from government websites and selected literature. Mexico has an ancestral tradition of using plants for the treatment, improvement, and maintenance of human health as compared with Canada and the USA Currently, the use of herbal products in this region has a regulatory framework. The legal framework in these three countries is related to their history, idiosyncrasies, socio-economic and cultural aspects. Therefore, there are different public policies for herbal products consumed in the region. Mexico has a more specific classification of these products. In Canada, all herbal products are classified as natural health products and the safety and efficacy must be scientifically proven. In the USA, the development of botanical drugs is very recent. In particular, both herbal products classified as food supplements in Mexico and dietary supplements in the USA may have risks in both safety and efficacy.
Can Higher Land Rentals Promote Soil Conservation of Large-Scale Farmers in China?
Authors: Ge Wang , Zhang Shiyun , Lu Yan , Jiang Jiyu , Jiang Hui , Cheng Xiaona
Published: November 2022

Based on theoretical analysis, this study empirically analyzes the mediating mechanism of how land rentals work on large-scale farmers to enhance soil conservation with survey data of 425 large-scale farmers in Shandong and Anhui Provinces, the main grain-producing regions of China, and further examines the moderating effect of agricultural extension services. The results show that: (1) The higher the land rentals, the greater the probability that large-scale farmers enhance soil conservation. (2) The mediating effect demonstrates that in a highly market-oriented rural land transfer market in China, the land lease term of large-scale farmers is longer with the increase of land rentals, thus motivating large-scale farmers to engage in soil conservation. (3) As shown by the moderating effect, agricultural extension services can further positively moderate the contribution of land lease term to large-scale farmers enhancing soil conservation. In order to encourage large-scale farmers to enhance soil conservation, on the one hand it is necessary to standardize the land transfer market and proactively guide large-scale farmers to extend the land lease term. On the other hand, it is indispensable to strengthen agricultural extension services and further broaden the access to soil conservation technologies for large-scale farmers.
You Do Not Have to Get through This Alone: Interpersonal Emotion Regulation and Psychosocial Resources during the COVID-19 Pandemic across Four Countries
Authors: Dworakowski Olenka , Huber Zilla M. , Meier Tabea , Boyd Ryan L. , Martin Mike , Horn Andrea B.
Published: November 2022

While experiencing the unpredictable events of the COVID-19 pandemic, we are likely to turn to people in order to regulate our emotions. In this research, we investigate how this interpersonal emotion regulation is connected to affective symptoms, above and beyond intrapersonal emotion regulation. Furthermore, we explore whether perceived psychosocial resources moderate these associations, i.e., if individuals reporting healthier social connections benefit differently from interpersonal emotion regulation. N = 1401 participants from the USA, UK, Germany, and Switzerland completed an online survey that included text samples. Affective symptoms (depression, adjustment disorder, fear of COVID-19) were examined based on self-reported as well as language-based indicators. As psychosocial resources, we examined social support, loneliness, attachment style, and trust. We defined latent variables for adaptive and maladaptive interpersonal emotion regulation and analyzed how they were associated with affective symptoms controlling for intrapersonal emotion regulation. Further, we analyzed how they interacted with psychosocial resources. Maladaptive interpersonal emotion regulation strategies were associated with affective symptoms. With lower psychosocial resources, the associations between interpersonal emotion regulation and depressive symptoms were more pronounced. The results highlight that maladaptive interpersonal emotion regulation is associated with worse mental health. These effects are not buffered by more psychosocial resources and are stronger for people with low psychosocial resources.
Group Segmentation as a Strategy for Implementing the Intervention Programme in Emotional Education for Infant and Primary Teachers
Authors: Carbonero-Martín Miguel Á. , Arteaga-Cedeño Wendy L. , Martín-Antón Luis J. , Molinero-González Paula
Published: November 2022

Emotional intelligence is a key social skill for teachers. The teaching profession requires programmes that are geared towards emotional education that will enable teachers to develop emotional intelligence in order to foster their general well-being. The aims of this paper were: firstly, to test the effectiveness of the programme in emotional education implemented through group segmentation based on teachers’ sociodemographic and work profile factors, and secondly, to ascertain whether there were any significant differences in the factors that make up the model of emotional intelligence with regard to the sociodemographic and work variables of teachers in the experimental group in a pre–post analysis study. The design of the research was experimental. The sample was made up of 351 infant and primary education teachers, 190 in the experimental group and 161 in the control group. We used the Trait Meta-Mood Scale-24 together with a questionnaire to define teachers’ sociodemographic and work profiles. Implementing the emotional education programme led to significant differences in the three factors of emotional intelligence (perception, understanding and emotional regulation) depending on the sociodemographic and work profile of the teachers in the experimental group. Applying segmentation allows us to conclude that intervention programmes should be adapted to the sociodemographic and work profile of the participant group. When designing programmes, the method considered should be active, participative, flexible and focused on the teachers’ own experience.
Characteristics of Soil Erodibility in the Yinna Mountainous Area, Eastern Guangdong Province, China
Authors: Zhu Mingyong , He Wenming , Liu Youcun , Chen Zhiyun , Dong Zhicheng , Zhu Changbai , Chen Yankui , Xiong Yongzhu
Published: November 2022

Soil erodibility research is of theoretical and practical significance to the prediction and prevention of regional soil erosion. At present, the study on soil erodibility in the lateritic red soil area of eastern Guangdong province is relatively lacking. Taking the forest land soil of the Yinna mountainous area as the research object, the physical and chemical properties (organic matter mass fraction, texture, moisture, bulk density, pH, aggregate content) of soil samples at different altitudes were measured with field survey sampling and indoor analysis. Soil erodibility K values were simulated with different models (the EPIC model, the Torri model, and the Shirazi model) and the regional applicability of the K simulation models was discussed. The influence of soil properties on soil erodibility was analyzed. The results showed that: (1) K values in the Yinna mountainous area are between 0.0250 and 0.0331 t·hm2·h/MJ·mm·hm2, and the K value in the subsoil layer (20–40 cm) is higher than that of the topsoil layer (0–20 cm). These values decreased significantly with the increase of altitude. The soil in the study area belongs to low–medium to medium erodible soil types. (2) The three models have certain applicability in the Yinna mountainous area, but the simulation results still lack validation. (3) Soil particle size composition is the most important factor affecting the K value in the study area. As far as the topsoil is concerned, K values increase with the increase of clay and silt content and decrease with the increase of sand content and aggregate stability. Soil erodibility has no significant correlation with pH and bulk density and has no clear relationship with the content of soil organic carbon and soil moisture. The research results can provide basic data for regional soil and water conservation and the construction of K value databases of different soil types in China.
Spatial Spillover Effects of Resource Misallocation on the Green Total Factor Productivity in Chinese Agriculture
Authors: Hu Jiangfeng , Zhang Xiaofang , Wang Tingting
Published: November 2022

Continuous resource misallocation not only results in total factor productivity loss but also leads to ecological degradation. Therefore, in the process of changing from extensive growth to intensive growth, Chinese agriculture should pay attention to the problem of resource misallocation. There is currently a lack of relevant research, especially concerning the spatial spillover effects of resource misallocation at the city level. To fill this gap, we employ a spatial panel model for empirical testing on the basis of measuring agricultural green total factor productivity (GTFP) in 306 cities in China from 1996–2017. We found that there is positive spatial autocorrelation in Chinese agricultural GTFP, but it decreases year by year. Misallocation in land, labor, machinery and fertilizer all directly hinder the local GTFP. The eastern is mainly negatively affected by neighbor resource misallocation, while the central and western are mainly negatively affected by local resource misallocation. Finally, the indirect effect of neighbor resource misallocation on GTFP gradually shifts from inhibiting effect to a facilitating effect with increasing spatial distance. These findings have clear policy implications: Chinese government should strengthen agricultural green technology innovation and diffusion, strengthen environmental regulation and promote the free movement of labor between regions and sectors.
Fresh Shelves, Healthy Pantries: A Pilot Intervention Trial in Baltimore City Food Pantries
Authors: Gunen Bengucan , Reznar Melissa M. , Yan Sally , Poirier Lisa , Katragadda Nathan , Ali Shahmir H. , Sundermeir Samantha M. , Gittelsohn Joel
Published: November 2022

The objective of this study was to evaluate the impact of a multi-modal pilot intervention on the stocking and acquisition of healthy foods in urban food pantries. An intervention that consisted of three 8-week phases, each focused on promotion of one food group: (1) lean & low-sodium proteins; (2) fruits & vegetables; and (3) healthy carbohydrates was conducted in 3 intervention and 4 comparison food pantries. Food stocking variety scores measured changes in the stocking of promoted healthful foods at pantries. Food Assortment Scoring Tool (FAST) scores measured healthfulness of client bags. Intervention and comparison pantries showed an increase during the study in the total variety score for promoted options, with no significant differences between groups. Mean healthfulness scores for intervention client bags (n = 34) significantly increased from 58.2 to 74.9 (p < 0.001). This pilot trial identified logistically feasible strategies to promote healthy options effectively in food pantries, even in pantries with limited resources.
Perception of the Neighborhood Environment, Physical Activity by Domain and Sitting Time in Brazilian Adults
Authors: Sales Diego , Matsudo Victor , Fisberg Mauro , Drenowatz Clemens , Marques Adilson , Ferrari Gerson
Published: November 2022

This study aimed to examine the association between the neighborhood environment and domain-specific physical activity and sitting time in Brazilian adults. This cross-sectional study included 1803 adults (53.7% women) from Brazil’s five regions (North, Northeast, Midwest, Southeast and South). The perception of the environment was evaluated via a questionnaire. We considered seven indicators of the neighborhood environment: land use mix-diversity, land use mix-access, street connectivity, walking/cycling facilities, aesthetics, safety from traffic and safety from crime. Using the IPAQ, we evaluated physical activity (transport and leisure) and sitting time. Overall, land use mix-diversity (β = 3.22; 95% CI = 0.26, 6.19), land use mix-access (β = 2.27; 95% CI = 0.76, 3.79), and walking/cycling facilities (β = 2.42; 95% CI = 0.35, 4.49) were positively associated with leisure-time physical activity (min/week). On the other hand, only land use mix-diversity (β = 3.65; 95% CI = 0.63, 5.49) was positively associated with transport physical activity (min/week). No neighborhood environment indicator was associated with sitting time (min/day). Perception of the neighborhood environment was associated with physical activity (transport and leisure), while no significant associations occurred with sitting time among the five regions of Brazil. The neighborhood environment can be a viable component in the promotion of physical activity, but geographic diversity must be considered.
How Does Climate Policy Uncertainty Affect Green Innovation? Evidence from China
Authors: Mao Ke , Huang Junxin
Published: November 2022

In response to climate change, governments have adopted various climate policies. However, climate policy uncertainty (CPU) may have important implications for the business sector. Is enterprise green innovation (GI) affected by CPU? This study investigates the impact of CPU on enterprise GI. The China CPU index is created first in this study. It uses panel data from Chinese A-share listed companies in China from 2010 to 2021 to explore the impact of CPU on GI through the fixed effects model, the mediating effects model, and the moderating effects model. The results show that: (1) CPU significantly suppresses GI, according to the findings. (2) CPU inhibits enterprise GI by exacerbating enterprise financing constraints. (3) Government subsidies can mitigate the inhibiting effect of CPU on GI. (4) There is heterogeneity in the negative impact of CPU on enterprise GI, mainly on non-state-owned enterprises. This study suggests several recommendations for coping with CPU in China.
Consumers’ Acceptability and Perception of Edible Insects as an Emerging Protein Source
Authors: Ros-Baró Marta , Sánchez-Socarrás Violeida , Santos-Pagès Maria , Bach-Faig Anna , Aguilar-Martínez Alicia
Published: November 2022

In recent years in Western Europe, studies on entomophagy have drawn the attention of many researchers interested in identifying parameters that could improve the acceptability of insect consumption in order to introduce insects as a sustainable source of protein into the future diet. Analysing the factors involved in consumer acceptability in the Mediterranean area could help to improve their future acceptance. A cross-sectional study was conducted using an ad-hoc questionnaire in which 1034 consumers participated. The questionnaire responses allowed us to study the areas relevant to acceptance: neophobia, social norms, familiarity, experiences of consumption and knowledge of benefits. Only 13.15% of participants had tried insects. Disgust, lack of custom and food safety were the main reasons for avoiding insect consumption. Consequently, preparations with an appetising appearance need to be offered, with flours being the most accepted format. The 40–59-year-old age group was the one most willing to consume them. To introduce edible insects as food in the future, it is important to inform people about their health, environmental and economic benefits because that could increase their willingness to include them in their diet.
Body Composition and Fitness Characteristics of Firefighters Participating in a Health and Wellness Program: Relationships and Descriptive Data
Authors: Lockie Robert G. , Dulla Joseph M. , Higuera Daniel , Ross Kristina A. , Orr Robin M. , Dawes J. Jay , Ruvalcaba Tomas J.
Published: November 2022

This study investigated body composition and fitness test relationships from firefighters participating in a health and wellness program and categorized firefighters according to population norms relative to sex and age. Data from 270 firefighters (men = 258, women = 12) were analyzed, including body composition (body mass index [BMI], body fat percentage [BF%], waist circumference [WC], waist-to-hip ratio) and fitness (sit-and-reach, grip strength, leg press, crunches, push-ups, maximal aerobic capacity [V̇O2max]) tests. Mann–Whitney U-test analysis (p < 0.05) showed that male firefighters had a greater WC, WHR, grip strength and leg press. Female firefighters had a greater BF% and better sit-and-reach. Partial correlations controlling for sex indicated 22/24 correlations between body composition and fitness were significant (r = −0.143–−0.640). ~52% of firefighters were overweight, and 25% were Obesity Class I-III. ~76% had an increased risk of cardiovascular disease (CVD) considering BMI and WC. ~22% were fatter than average-to-overfat considering BF%. Most firefighters (73–94%) were good-to-excellent in sit-and-reach, grip strength, and push-ups; average-to-well above average in crunches; average-to-above average in leg press; and had good-to-superior V̇O2max. Although most firefighters had better fitness compared to the general population, many had increased CVD risk. The data highlighted the need for comprehensive approaches to improving firefighter health and decreasing CVD risk.
Can Homes Affect Well-Being? A Scoping Review among Housing Conditions, Indoor Environmental Quality, and Mental Health Outcomes
Authors: Riva Alessia , Rebecchi Andrea , Capolongo Stefano , Gola Marco
Published: November 2022

The purpose of the scoping review is to explore the relationship between housing conditions, indoor environmental quality (IEQ), and mental health implications on human well-being. In fact, time spent at home increased due to the recent COVID-19 lockdown period, and social-sanitary emergencies are expected to grow due to the urbanization phenomenon. Thus, the role of the physical environment in which we live, study, and work, has become of crucial importance, as the literature has recently highlighted. This scoping review, conducted on the electronic database Scopus, led to the identification of 366 articles. This, after the screening processes based on the inclusion criteria, led to the final inclusion of 31 papers related specifically to the OECD area. The review allowed the identification of five housing conditions [house type, age, and floor level; housing qualities; household composition; neighborhood; green spaces] that, by influencing the IEQ parameters, had impacts on the mental health outcomes addressed. By synthesizing the contributions of the review, a list of design recommendations has been provided. These will serve as a basis for future researchers, from which to develop measures to reduce inequalities in housing by making them healthier, more resilient, and salutogenic.
Non-Nitrogen-Fixers or Nitrogen-Fixers? Factors Distinguishing the Dominance of Chroococcal and Diazotrophic Cyanobacterial Species
Authors: Wilk-Woźniak Elżbieta , Szarek-Gwiazda Ewa , Walusiak Edward , Kosiba Joanna , Krztoń Wojciech
Published: November 2022

Global warming and eutrophication are the main factors driving the development of cyanobacterial dominance in aquatic ecosystems. We used a model linking water temperature, oxygen saturation, concentrations of PO43−, NO3−, NH4+, total dissolved iron (TDFe), and SO42− to cyanobacteria to test the turnover patterns of cyanobacterial dominance of non-nitrogen-fixing (chroococcal species) and nitrogen-fixing (filamentous diazotrophic) species. Statistical analysis was performed using decision trees. The dominance patterns of the two morphologically and ecologically distinct cyanobacterial species were associated with different environmental factors. However, SO42− was the most important factor that explained whether non-nitrogen-fixing or nitrogen-fixing species would dominate. Other important factors were water temperature, phosphate concentration, and oxygen saturation. The model for dominance of non-nitrogen-fixing species used SO42−, PO43−, and water temperature (upper layers), and SO42−, the ratio of PO43−/NH4+, and oxygen saturation (bottom layers). In contrast, water temperature, SO42−, and NH4+ in the upper layers and SO42−, NH4+, and water temperature in the bottom layers were used for the dominance of nitrogen-fixing species. The dominance of Aphanizomenon flos-aquae was explained by different sets of variables, indicating the presence of different strains of this species. The other cyanobacteria species showed dominance patterns that could be explained by one set of variables. As cyanobacterial blooms proliferate due to climate change, it is important to know which factors, in addition to phosphorus and nitrogen, are crucial for the mass development of the various cyanobacterial species.
Effect of Acute Self-Myofascial Release on Pain and Exercise Performance for Cycling Club Members with Iliotibial Band Friction Syndrome
Authors: Park Jong Jin , Lee Hae Sung , Kim Jong-Hee
Published: November 2022

Cycling is a popular sport, and the cycling population and prevalence of related injuries and diseases increase simultaneously. Iliotibial band friction syndrome is a common chronic overuse injury caused by repetitive knee use in cycling. Self-myofascial release using foam rollers is an effective intervention for this syndrome; however, studies reporting positive results on self-myofascial release in cycling are limited. Therefore, this study investigated the effect of self-myofascial release on pain and iliotibial band flexibility, heart rate, and exercise performance (cadence, power, and record) in adult male cyclists with iliotibial band friction syndrome. We evaluated the pain and exercise ability of the control (n = 11) and self-myofascial release (n = 11) groups before and after cycling twice. Significant differences were observed in the pain scale, the iliotibial band flexibility, and cycling pain and power. The posterior cadence of the self-myofascial release group was 3.2% higher than that of the control group. The control group’s record time increased by 74.64 s in the second cycling session compared to the first cycling session, while that of the self-myofascial release group decreased by 30.91 s in the second cycling session compared to the first cycling session. Self-myofascial release is effective in relieving pain and may improve cycling performance by increasing the iliotibial band flexibility.
Short-End Injection Capillary Electrophoresis and Multivariate Analysis for Simultaneous Determination of Heavy Metals in Passiflora incarnata Tea
Authors: Klassen Aline , Fernandes Rafael Ferreira , de Oliveira Débora Cristina , do Nascimento Maria Patrícia , Borges Marcella Matos Cordeiro , de Oliveira Marcone Augusto Leal , Calixto Leandro Augusto , Borges Keyller Bastos
Published: November 2022

An ultra-fast method for the simultaneous determination of heavy metals in Passiflora incarnata tea by capillary electrophoresis (CE) using a short-end injection combined with multivariate analysis was proposed. Separation was conducted by hydrodynamic injection (5 s at 0.5 psi) using the short-end injection procedure in a fused uncoated silica capillary (50 cm total length, 10.2 cm effective length, 50 µm i.d.) with separation time less than 2 min. An indirect UV detection at 214 nm was employed by using imidazole as a chromophore. The buffer used was 6 mmol/L hydroxybutyric acid (HIBA). The optimum conditions by full factorial with a central point were achieved by 18-crown-6 concentration (23.3 mmol L−1), voltage (+11.4 kV), methanol concentration (3.8%), and temperature (20 °C). The method showed good linearity (R2 > 0.998) for both Cd and Pb, inter-day precision of less than 14.49%, and an adequate limit of quantification only for Cd (LOQ < 0.5 µg mL−1 for Cd) based on the US Pharmacopeial Convention limit requirements for elemental impurities. After method validation, the method was applied to Passiflora incarnata tea samples from a local market. Furthermore, the developed method showed great potential for the determination of metals in other samples with proper sample preparation procedures.
MRI-Derived Apparent Diffusion Coefficient of Peri-Prostatic Adipose Tissue Is a Potential Determinant of Prostate Cancer Aggressiveness in Preoperative Setting: A Preliminary Report
Authors: Tafuri Alessandro , Panunzio Andrea , Greco Federico , Maglietta Antonella , De Carlo Francesco , Di Cosmo Federica , Luperto Elia , Rizzo Mino , Cavaliere Arturo , De Mitri Rita , Zacheo Federico , Baviello Marco , Cimino Alessandra , Pisino Marco , Giordano Luca , Accettura Caterina , Porcaro Antonio Benito , Antonelli Alessandro , Cerruto Maria Angela , Ciurlia Elisa , Leo Silvana , Quarta Luigi Giuseppe , Pagliarulo Vincenzo
Published: November 2022

Background: The aim of this study was to test the association between periprostatic adipose tissue (PPAT)—apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC) value recorded at multiparametric magnetic resonance imaging (mpMRI) and determinants of prostate cancer (PCa) aggressiveness in the preoperative setting. Methods: Data from 219 consecutive patients undergoing prostate biopsy (PBx) for suspicion of PCa, between January 2020 and June 2022, at our institution were retrospectively evaluated. Only patients who had mpMRI performed before PBx were included. The distribution of demographics and clinical features among PPAT-ADC values up to vs. above the median was studied using both parametric and non-parametric tests, according to variables. Linear and logistic regression models tested the association between PPAT-ADC values and determinants of PCa aggressiveness and the presence of intermediate-high risk PCa, respectively. Results: Of 132 included patients, 76 (58%) had PCa. Median PPAT-ADC was 876 (interquartile range: 654 − 1112) × 10−6 mm2/s. Patients with PPAT-ADC up to the median had a higher rate of PIRADS (Prostate Imaging—Reporting and Data System) 5 lesions (41% vs. 23%, p = 0.032), a higher percentage of PBx positive cores (25% vs. 6%, p = 0.049) and more frequently harbored ISUP (International Society of Urological Pathology) > 1 PCa (50% vs. 28%, p = 0.048). At univariable linear regression analyses, prostate-specific antigen (PSA), PSA density, PIRADS 5, and percentage of PBx positive cores were associated with lower PPAT-ADC values. PPAT-ADC up to the median was an independent predictor for intermediate-high risk PCa (odds ratio: 3.24, 95%CI: 1.17–9.46, p = 0.026) after adjustment for age and body mass index. Conclusions: Lower PPAT-ADC values may be associated with higher biopsy ISUP grade group PCa and a higher percentage of PBx-positive cores. Higher-level studies are needed to confirm these preliminary results.
Comparative Perceptual, Affective, and Cardiovascular Responses between Resistance Exercise with and without Blood Flow Restriction in Older Adults
Authors: Parkington Thomas , Maden-Wilkinson Thomas , Klonizakis Markos , Broom David
Published: November 2022

Older adults and patients with chronic disease presenting with muscle weakness or musculoskeletal disorders may benefit from low-load resistance exercise (LLRE) with blood flow restriction (BFR). LLRE-BFR has been shown to increase muscle size, strength, and endurance comparable to traditional resistance exercise but without the use of heavy loads. However, potential negative effects from LLRE-BFR present as a barrier to participation and limit its wider use. This study examined the perceptual, affective, and cardiovascular responses to a bout of LLRE-BFR and compared the responses to LLRE and moderate-load resistance exercise (MLRE). Twenty older adults (64.3 ± 4.2 years) performed LLRE-BFR, LLRE and MLRE consisting of 4 sets of leg press and knee extension, in a randomised crossover design. LLRE-BFR was more demanding than LLRE and MLRE through increased pain (p ≤ 0.024, d = 0.8–1.4) and reduced affect (p ≤ 0.048, d = −0.5–−0.9). Despite this, LLRE-BFR was enjoyed and promoted a positive affective response (p ≤ 0.035, d = 0.5–0.9) following exercise comparable to MLRE. This study supports the use of LLRE-BFR for older adults and encourages future research to examine the safety, acceptability, and efficacy of LLRE-BFR in patients with chronic disease.
Factors Associated with Medication Adherence among Community-Dwelling Older People with Frailty and Pre-Frailty in China
Authors: Cao Wenwen , Cao Chenglin , Zheng Xin , Ji Kai , Liang Qiming , Wu Yunwei , Hu Zhi , Bai Zhongliang
Published: November 2022

Background: Frail and pre-frail older people often need to take medications. However, factors related to medication adherence among this population remain unclear, warranting further research. This study aims to identify correlates of medication adherence among frail and pre-frail older adults. Methods: From November 2020 to December 2020; a total of 4218 community-dwelling residents aged ≥ 60 years were interviewed by a cross-sectional survey in China. Data on subjects’ general information; medication adherence; and frailty status was obtained via the face-to-face structured questionnaire. Logistic regression models were fitted; separately; to examine these factors linked to medication adherence. Results: We found that 36.2% (n = 1527) and 18.8% (n = 792) of respondents were classified as pre-frail and frail. According to the Morisky scale scores, 66.74% (n = 2815) were found to have adequate medication adherence, and 33.26% (n = 1403) were found to have inadequate medication adherence. Among the pre-frail respondents, age (adjusted odds ratio (AOR) = 1.64; 95% confidence interval (CI): 1.18–2.29, P = 0.003), marital status (AOR = 1.52; 95% CI: 1.04–2.21, P = 0.030), smoking status (AOR = 0.61; 95% CI: 0.37–0.99, P = 0.044), and functional ability (AOR = 0.72; 95% CI: 0.58–0.91, P = 0.006) were significantly related to medication adherence. Among them, advanced age and single were risk factors, which were positively related to the medication adherence of subjects in pre-frailty, while quitting smoking and limited functional ability contributed to improving their medication adherence. In contrast, only age (AOR = 1.77; 95% CI: 1.16–2.69, P = 0.008) was significantly associated with medication adherence among frail subjects. Conclusion: Influencing factors to medication adherence of old people in pre-frailty and frailty have been enriched, which provides a certain reference for promoting medication adherence in this population. Future adherence intervention methods should be designed based on these factors.
Psychological Implications to the Therapy of Systemic Lupus Erythematosus
Authors: Warchoł-Biedermann Katarzyna , Mojs Ewa , Sikorska Dorota , Kotyla Przemysław , Teusz Grażyna , Samborski Włodzimierz
Published: November 2022

Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) is a chronic and multi-systemic autoimmune disease, which has a deleterious impact on patients’ psychological well-being. This paper aims to review the existing literature on empirical research on psychological outcomes of SLE and psychological interventions to improve well-being in SLE patients. A search of significant English language articles was conducted in PubMed, Medline, ScienceDirect, Scopus, and ResearchGate databases. Titles and abstracts were screened for the relevant terms, including “systemic lupus erythematosus”, “childhood-onset systemic lupus erythematosus”, “juvenile systemic lupus erythematosus”, “lupus nephritis”, and their respective synonyms along with “depression”, “anxiety”, “fatigue”, “medical adherence”, “health-related quality of life”, “self-management” or “intervention”. The articles were evaluated by independent reviewers and the lists of eligible publications were compared whilst disagreements were settled by discussion. Of the 59 publications sought for retrieval, 35 papers were shortlisted based on predefined inclusion/exclusion criteria. They were classified according to their content and the methodology applied. Research topics including “anxiety and depression in SLE” and “self-management interventions for SLE patients” were identified and are presented in this review. As the prognosis and life expectancy of SLE patients are improving, further research on the psychological outcomes of SLE and the evidence-based psychological interventions to improve patients’ well-being are justified.
Pollution Assessment and SSD-Based Ecological Assessment of Heavy Metals in Multimedia in the Coast of Southeast China
Authors: Lu Rong , Rong Shaowei , Wu Jin , Yue Weifeng , Li Qun
Published: November 2022

Heavy metals in the ocean exist in various media and assessing heavy metal pollution in the multimedia in seawater is important for proposing effective strategies to protect marine ecosystem health. However, comprehensive coastal pollution assessments and SSD-based assessments of heavy metals have been limited from an international perspective. This study discusses the distribution, sources, interactions, associated environmental factors, and potential ecological risks related to heavy metal pollution. To attain this objective, several tools and models were considered. The partition coefficient between sediment and water was used to understand the ability of heavy metals to be adsorbed from seawater by sediment. The water quality index was applied to evaluate the comprehensive heavy metal pollution at different sampling sites. The species diversity index was calculated by calculating the concentration of chlorophyll a. The geo-accumulation and potential ecological risk indexes were employed for the sediments’ general pollution characteristic of heavy metals. Species sensitivity distribution was used for ecological risk evaluation. The results indicated that heavy metal pollution and ecological risk (Cu, Pb, Zn, Cd, As, Cr and Hg) are not serious, and the pollution conditions remain safe. Only Cu, Pb, and Hg concentrations in seawater exceed the Nation Class I Water Quality Standard. The concentrations of heavy metals showed significant spatial characteristics. Fisheries activities and industrial effluent discharges were identified as the main anthropogenic sources. This study provides a comprehensive assessment of heavy metals in multi-media, and the results will provide valuable information for nearshore ecological management and risk avoidance.
Hospital-Based Rehabilitation of Patients Who Had Undergone an Open Reduction and Internal Fixation of the Ribs Due to a Flail Chest: Case Series
Authors: Milson Nehama , Treger Iuly , Vered Michal , Acker Asaf , Kalichman Leonid
Published: November 2022

Flail chest, a severe chest injury, is caused by multiple rib fractures. The open reduction and internal fixation (ORIF) of rib fractures is an effective treatment; however, the patients’ subsequent condition remains unsatisfactory in terms of the activities of daily living (ADL) and pain. No research study has, as yet, reported on hospital-based rehabilitation of patients who had undergone an ORIF. Our aim was to evaluate the efficacy of hospital-based rehabilitation of flail chest post-ORIF patients. Physical therapists assessed the pain, functional independence measure (FIM), and the Berg balance test. A total of three females and four males (mean age 59.43 ± 18.88) were hospitalized. A significant reduction in pain was observed (7.00 ± 1.83 upon admission to 4.10 ± 2.05 pre-discharge (Z = −2.07, p = 0.027). A significant improvement in FIM (69.43 ± 14.86 upon admission to 113.57 ± 6.40 pre-discharge, Z = −2.37, p = 0.018), and the Berg balance test (35.23 ± 5.87 upon admission to 49.50 ± 3.40 pre-discharge, Z = −2.37, p = 0.018), was observed. Upon admission, all the patients required moderate to complete ADL assistance. Upon discharge, all were independent for all ADL functions. Patients after flail chest post-ORIF can benefit from hospital-based rehabilitation.
Effects of Core Stability Training on Functional Movement Patterns in Tennis Players
Authors: Majewska Joanna , Kołodziej-Lackorzyńska Gabriela , Cyran-Grzebyk Barbara , Szymczyk Daniel , Kołodziej Krzysztof , Wądołkowski Piotr
Published: November 2022

The aim of this study was to assess the effects of a six-week core stability training program on the fundamental movement pattern assessed using the Functional Movement Screen Test in tennis players. The study group consisted of 160 subjects (74 women, 86 men) with a mean age of 20.26 ± 1.55. The Functional Movement Screen Test (FMS™), as well as the core stability tests including the lateral trunk muscles endurance test (the side bridge test), the abdominal muscles endurance test and the trunk extensors muscle endurance test—were used to evaluate the effects of core stability training. Statistical analysis revealed significant differences in the FMS test scores before and after introducing a core stability exercise program. Initially, the average total score of the FMS test in female tennis players was 14.58 ± 2.91, and after core stability training it was 17.20 ± 1.68 (p < 0.001). In the male group, the total FMS test score was 14.44 ± 2.76 before and 16.91 ± 1.36 after (p < 0.001) in the final assessment. Additionally, statistically significant differences were observed in the core stability test scores before and after introducing a stabilisation training program. The results of the study showed that specific core strengthening exercises could improve the FMS test scores in adult tennis players. This may also have an influence on reducing injury risk in this group, although further studies would be required to test this.
Ex Vivo Antioxidant and Cholinesterase Inhibiting Effects of a Novel Galantamine–Curcumin Hybrid on Scopolamine-Induced Neurotoxicity in Mice
Authors: Simeonova Rumyana , Atanasova Mariyana , Stavrakov Georgi , Philipova Irena , Doytchinova Irini
Published: November 2022

Oxidative stress is an essential factor in the development and progression of Alzheimer’s disease (AD). An excessive amount of reactive oxygen species (ROS) induces the peroxidation of lipid membranes, reduces the activity of antioxidant enzymes and causes neurotoxicity. In this study, we investigated the antioxidant and cholinesterase inhibitory potential of a novel galantamine–curcumin hybrid, named 4b, administered orally in two doses (2.5 mg/kg and 5 mg/kg) in scopolamine (SC)-induced neurotoxicity in mice. To evaluate the effects of 4b, we used galantamine (GAL) (3 mg/kg) and curcumin (CCN) (25 mg/kg) as positive controls. Ex vivo experiments on mouse brains showed that the higher dose of 4b (5 mg/kg) increased reduced glutathione (GSH) levels by 46%, catalase (CAT) and superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity by 57%, and glutathione peroxidase (GPx) activity by 108%, compared with the SC-treated group. At the same time, 4b (5 mg/kg) significantly reduced the brain malondialdehyde (MDA) level by 31% and acetylcholinesterase (AChE) and butyrylcholinesterase (BChE) activities by 40% and 30%, respectively, relative to the SC-impaired group. The results showed that 4b acted as an antioxidant agent and brain protector, making it promising for further experimental research in the field of neurodegenerative diseases.
Calciprotein Particles Cause Physiologically Significant Pro-Inflammatory Response in Endothelial Cells and Systemic Circulation
Authors: Shishkova Daria , Lobov Arseniy , Zainullina Bozhana , Matveeva Vera , Markova Victoria , Sinitskaya Anna , Velikanova Elena , Sinitsky Maxim , Kanonykina Anastasia , Dyleva Yulia , Kutikhin Anton
Published: November 2022

Calciprotein particles (CPPs) represent an inherent mineral buffering system responsible for the scavenging of excessive Ca2+ and PO43− ions in order to prevent extraskeletal calcification, although contributing to the development of endothelial dysfunction during the circulation in the bloodstream. Here, we performed label-free proteomic profiling to identify the functional consequences of CPP internalisation by endothelial cells (ECs) and found molecular signatures of significant disturbances in mitochondrial and lysosomal physiology, including oxidative stress, vacuolar acidification, accelerated proteolysis, Ca2+ cytosolic elevation, and mitochondrial outer membrane permeabilisation. Incubation of intact ECs with conditioned medium from CPP-treated ECs caused their pro-inflammatory activation manifested by vascular cell adhesion molecule 1 (VCAM1) and intercellular adhesion molecule 1 (ICAM1) upregulation and elevated release of interleukin (IL)-6, IL-8, and monocyte chemoattractant protein-1/ C-C motif ligand 2 (MCP-1/CCL2). Among the blood cells, monocytes were exclusively responsible for CPP internalisation. As compared to the co-incubation of donor blood with CPPs in the flow culture system, intravenous administration of CPPs to Wistar rats caused a considerably higher production of chemokines, indicating the major role of monocytes in CPP-triggered inflammation. Upregulation of sICAM-1 and IL-8 also suggested a notable contribution of endothelial dysfunction to systemic inflammatory response after CPP injections. Collectively, our results demonstrate the pathophysiological significance of CPPs and highlight the need for the development of anti-CPP therapies.
Pulmonary Fibrosis as a Result of Acute Lung Inflammation: Molecular Mechanisms, Relevant In Vivo Models, Prognostic and Therapeutic Approaches
Authors: Savin Innokenty A. , Zenkova Marina A. , Sen’kova Aleksandra V.
Published: November 2022

Pulmonary fibrosis is a chronic progressive lung disease that steadily leads to lung architecture disruption and respiratory failure. The development of pulmonary fibrosis is mostly the result of previous acute lung inflammation, caused by a wide variety of etiological factors, not resolved over time and causing the deposition of fibrotic tissue in the lungs. Despite a long history of study and good coverage of the problem in the scientific literature, the effective therapeutic approaches for pulmonary fibrosis treatment are currently lacking. Thus, the study of the molecular mechanisms underlying the transition from acute lung inflammation to pulmonary fibrosis, and the search for new molecular markers and promising therapeutic targets to prevent pulmonary fibrosis development, remain highly relevant tasks. This review focuses on the etiology, pathogenesis, morphological characteristics and outcomes of acute lung inflammation as a precursor of pulmonary fibrosis; the pathomorphological changes in the lungs during fibrosis development; the known molecular mechanisms and key players of the signaling pathways mediating acute lung inflammation and pulmonary fibrosis, as well as the characteristics of the most common in vivo models of these processes. Moreover, the prognostic markers of acute lung injury severity and pulmonary fibrosis development as well as approved and potential therapeutic approaches suppressing the transition from acute lung inflammation to fibrosis are discussed.