bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
STUDI PERBANDINGAN DAYA TERSIMPAN RECTIFIER ANTENA MULTIFREQUENCY
Authors: Buwarda Sukriyah , Puspita Ika , Kaharuddin Andi Abdu Khalid
Published: October 2022

Penggunaan gelombang elektromagnetik sebagai sumber energi listrik alternatif dapat diperoleh dari beberapa frekuensi pancaran komersil. Penelitian ini bertujuan membandingkan daya yang dapat disimpan dari hasil penyearahan rectifier antenna dari beberapa sumber energi gelombang elektromagnetik. Sumber gelombang elektromagnetik yang dibandingkan antara lain dari frekeusni WiFi dan frekuensi pancaran dari televisi (TV UHF). Untuk menyerap gelombang elektromagnetik dengan frekuensi yang berbeda digunakan antenna multi frekuensi yang dapat menangkap dua frekuensi yang berbeda. Rectifier di rancang menggunakan software NI Multisim 14.2 dengan metode yang di gunakan yaitu voltage doubler 5 stage dengan tujuan untuk menghasilkan energi listrik DC dari inputan gelombang elektromagnetik yang merambat bebas di udara dan diterima oleh antenna TV UHF yang bekerja pada frekuensi 470-806 MHz dan antena Wi-Fi dengan frekuensi 2400MHz. Diperoleh bahwa daya yang dihasilkan dari input antena WiFi sebesar 1,43 Watt dengan tegangan 5,96 V, sedangkan daya yang diperoleh dari input antena TV UHF sebesar 0,42 Watt dengan tegangan 4,25 Watt.
Peer Feedback to Improve Indonesian Adult Learners’ Writing Skills: A Review
Authors: Damanik Juli Yanti
Published: October 2022

Demonstrating good writing skills in English is considered important to master for students in tertiary level. In addition, as higher education institutions in Indonesia have been conducting teaching and learning activities online to mitigate Covid-19 viral spread, students’ engagement in learning has been reported to be low due to boredom and tiresome in an online learning environment. Therefore, teachers need to plan and implement strategies to promote students’ skills in writing and students’ engagement in learning activities, in this case writing course. One of them is by practicing peer feedback. The purpose of this paper is to critically review peer feedback in improving Indonesian adult learners’ writing skills in English course. In this literature review, 23 documents (a book chapter and peer-reviewed articles) were synthesized to find how peer feedback is relevant and beneficial in the tertiary education context. This paper argues that peer feedback is advantageous in improving adult learners’ writing skills in that it facilitates meaning negotiation, it fosters critical thinking, and it promotes collaborative learning. However, teachers should anticipate possible issues emerging in peer feedback practice by providing pre-requisite training for students.
Critical Discourse Analysis of Language and Power in EFL Classroom Interaction
Authors: Rachmawati Siti Amalia
Published: October 2022

Abstract

 

This study aims to discuss the use of language and the power possessed by the teacher in interacting with students in the classroom on the way student perceptions and its contribution to student learning outcomes. This study investigates teacher discourse and teacher-student discourse that occurs in the classroom interaction. Through this explanation of critical discourse analysis, the researcher proposes to distribute the concepts of classroom interaction between teacher and students, the use of the teacher’s language, and the use of the teacher’s power. This explains the role of the power of using language in classroom interactions to create good learning characteristics and outcomes. The analysis of this research is based on the theory of discourse analysis which focuses on the topic of language taken from Fairclough's theory and the types of power by French and Raven (1959). The method used in this study is a descriptive qualitative research method that deals with data in the form of words from interviews and questionnaires. The results showed that the teacher’s language in classroom interaction is used not only to interact with the students but also to provide the materials and information, to give instruction, and to train the students’ skills. The power with the highest frequency of use produced by the teacher during the learning process is expert power, reward power, referent power, legitimate power and the last is coercive power.

Keywords: Critical Discourse Analysis, Classroom Interaction, Language, Power
Students’ and Teacher’s Challenges in Distance Learning Implementation in EFL Context in SMK Nusa Dua Toya Anyar Kubu, Karangasem
Authors: Sutami Ni Kadek , Santosa Made Hery , Mahendrayana Gede
Published: October 2022

This study aims to investigate the students’ and teacher’s challenges in learning EFL in distance learning context for 162 eleventh grade students and one English teacher in SMK Nusa Dua Toya Anyar Kubu, Karangasem in the academic year of 2020/2021. This study used mixed-method as the data were collected through questionnaire for the quantitative data and interview for qualitative data. The quantitative data were analyzed by using SPSS to find the mean score and used TCR guidelines of categorization developed from Sugiyono (2017), while the qualitative data were analyzed according to the steps by Miles and Huberman (1994). The result of students’ challenges are found that the challenges related to instructional variables (lack of explanation from teachers and limited opportunity to practice four English basic skills) were categorized the highest challenges experienced by the students compared to in institutional and individual variables. In addition, the result for the teacher’s data analysis found that the evaluation and assessment variables are the highest challenges compared to access and motivation variables. Understanding the role of teacher as the instructor in distance learning is important to improve students’ ability and can minimize the students’ challenges in distance learning.

Keywords: Distance learning, EFL, Learning Challenges
Floristic Analysis of the Distribution of the Crataegus L. Genus in the Mountain Xerophyte and Steppe Vegetation of Nakhchivan
Authors: Ganbarov D. , Babayeva S.
Published: October 2022

The article examines the floristic analysis of species belonging to the Crataegus L. genus in the mountain-xerophyte and steppe vegetation of Nakhchivan. As a result of the research, it was determined that 13 species of the Crataegus L. genus are found in the mountain xerophytes and steppe vegetation of the studied area. According to the analysis of life forms, the studied species are grouped into 3 subtypes of phanerophytes (mesophanerophytes, microphanerophytes and nanophanerophytes). According to the analysis of ecological groups, there are 7 species of mesoxerophytes, 4 species of xerophytes and 2 species of mesophytes. According to the analysis of geographical habitat types, xerophilic habitat type includes 8 species, Caucasian habitat type includes 2 species, and the remaining types are represented by 1 species as monotype.
Dynamics of Accumulation of Flavonoids in Different Organs of Sambucus nigra and S. ebulus
Authors: Zulfugarova M.
Published: October 2022

The article is devoted to the phytochemical study of flavonoids in various organs of species of the Sambucus L. genus. The results of studying the dynamics of accumulation of the amount of flavonoids in the composition of S. nigra and S. ebulus species depending on the phases of plant development in various organs showed that during the vegetation period the amount of flavonoids undergoes a sharp change. It was established that in the generative organs of the studied species S. nigra and S. ebulus, the maximum amount of flavonoids accumulates in flowers (7.34%, 5.58%, respectively), the minimum amount in green fruits (1.91%, 2.83%). In the vegetative organs, the maximum amount accumulates in the leaves (4.94, 4.91%), and the minimum amount in roots (0.95%, 0.67%) and stems (1.46, 1.32%). The results obtained are of practical importance, since they indicate the possibility of using various plant organs as a source of raw materials for the production of flavonoids.
Selection of Price Criteria Used in the Land Evaluation
Authors: Khalilov A. , Mehtiyev A. , Bayramova P. , Abilova K.
Published: October 2022

The purpose of land valuation is to assess the land as a natural-historical object with fertility, while the researcher evaluates the land not from the point of view of a specific organization-economy, but on the basis of properties and characteristics acquired by it both in the natural-historical process and in the process of socio-economic development of society. To carry out excavation work, it is necessary to study in detail all the properties of soils, have a well-developed classification of soils, have long-term knowledge about the structure of the soil cover of the area, the yield of leading crops cultivated on these soils When carrying out the registration of soils , the following two tasks are solved: 1) to differentiate soils by their fertility, to draw up appropriate scales and to classify by fertility; 2) to determine the suitability of soils for agricultural crops, that is, there is a need to make not a generalized scale, but a separate scale for each agricultural plant. Question 1 refers to general evaluation, and question 2 refers to individual evaluation. The importance of a qualitative assessment of land (evaluation) is that it allows you to plan agricultural production, carry out the right specialization, organize an effective system of reclamation measures, fertilizers, determine the profitability of farms, correctly determine the price of land, determine the optimal boundaries of land use. Evaluation of lands, as a logical continuation of a comprehensive study of lands, makes it possible to assess its economic value. Soil scientists consider evaluation as an independent field of soil science, and explorers and economists-as an integral part of the land register and economic assessment.
Creation of High-yielding, High-quality, Resistant to Diseases and Pests Varieties of Nicotiana tabacumin the Zakatala District (Azerbaijan)
Authors: Magamedova S.
Published: October 2022

The article is devoted to the study, creation of high-yielding, high-quality and disease-resistant varieties of tobacco. The basis for obtaining stable and high yields of such high-quality raw materials is the selection of appropriate varieties of tobacco for various agro-economic conditions. For the first time, studies have been carried out on the effect of fertilizers and previous crops on the yield and quality of aromatic varieties of tobacco.
Clinical and Instrumental Characteristics of the Respiratory Organs System of the Kyrgyz Republic Population Living Under Conditions of Atmospheric Air Pollutants Exposure
Authors: Topchubaeva E. , Kalmatov R. , Maamatova B. , Ismailov I.
Published: October 2022

Research relevance: clinical and instrumental methods are important components in determining the pathogenetic factors underlying clinical manifestations in disorder of the respiratory system. Long-term exposure to air pollution caused by transport, industrial facilities adversely affect the health conditions, in particular of respiratory system. Research objectives: to conduct a comparative analysis of clinical and instrumental signs of disorders of the respiratory system in residents of the regions of Kyrgyzstan with varying degrees of air pollution. Research materials and methods: atmospheric air pollution analysis was carried out in accordance with GOST 17.2.3.01-86. The content of dust, nitrogen dioxide, sulfur dioxide, hydrogen sulfide, formaldehyde, carbon monoxide in the air was determined. Research results: an analysis of the incidence of respiratory organs diseases among the population was carried out in three areas of Kyrgyzstan, in which samples of atmospheric air were taken in the village Papan, village Gulbar of the Aravan district, near the Osh city. Conclusions: It is extremely important to constantly monitor the atmosphere composition and assess air quality, as well as efforts to its improvement. The development of a set of appropriate organizational and medical measures will certainly help improve the health status of the population.
Information Relationships and Services in the Banking Activity of Aiyl-Bank OJSC of the Kyrgyz Republic
Authors: Zhumabaev Zh. , Semenov S. , Semenov N.
Published: October 2022

Information relations and services in the banking sector are an integral part of improving the credit policy of the financial sector, which affect the public sector of financing, in areas such as agriculture, mortgage lending. The creation in the banking sector of a developed information structure aimed at the development of digital processes and the provision of financial services in electronic format, contributes to improving the efficiency of financial management in the provision of quality services to the population, production, and agribusiness. The article analyzes the banking legislation of the Kyrgyz Republic. The scope of activity of Aiyl Bank JSC of the Kyrgyz Republic was studied.
Development of Information Relations in the System Electronic Auctions
Authors: Semenov S. , Semenov N.
Published: October 2022

The article deals with the development of information relations within the framework of electronic auctions. The main approaches to electronic auctions are analyzed from the standpoint of a theoretical focus, the legislation of the Russian Federation in the field of electronic auctions is studied, and the current legislation of the Kyrgyz Republic is given. The role of electronic trading platforms that contribute to the formation and development of electronic auctions is displayed, analysis is given and problematic aspects in the field of electronic auctions are identified, appropriate proposals are made to improve this area in the legislation of the Kyrgyz Republic.
Characteristics of the Modern World and Ways out of the Crisis: Rationality and Archetypes
Authors: Urmanbetova Zh. , Nazarkulova A.
Published: October 2022

In the article, the features of the development of the modern world are considered through the prism of rationality as the dominant type of thinking. The path of the formation of rationality is traced, starting from ancient Greece and up to the twentieth century inclusive. At the same time, the consequences of the absolutization of rationality in modern times are revealed on the example of economics, politics and socio-cultural life. As ways out of the global crisis, the importance and necessity of reviving cultural symbols, updating the intuitive approach to solving anthropological, environmental, economic, socio-political and cultural problems is seen.
Influencing of Religious-Mystical Views on Ancient Common Turkic Written Monuments (X-XII Centuries)
Authors: Zhumaeva G.
Published: October 2022

Since history and literature are closely interrelated in the life of society, in this article we will briefly dwell on the ancient history of related Turkic nations and among them, of course, the Kyrgyz, with an emphasis on artistic and ideological problems that reflect the ideology of society. Our conclusions are based on the opinions of Turkic scientists. Basically, in the literary analysis, we took into consideration the influence of the religious and mystical views of Sufism on the literary process of the X-XII centuries. The workpaper considers the influence of such representatives of the Common Turkic written literature of the X-XII centuries as Kul Khoja Ahmed Yassawi (“Book of Manual”) and Jusup Balasagyn (“Beneficial Knowledge).
Vocabulary of Shame, Laughter and Crying (From the Kyok Asaba Novel by T. Sydykbekov)
Authors: Ismailova Z.
Published: October 2022

The article discusses the lexico-semantic groups of emotive words expressing shame, laughter and crying. Such words convey not the experience of the emotional state, but its manifestation. At the same time, the concepts of positivity and negativity are ambiguous. So, crying can be directed to a positive outcome, and the emotion of the subject receiving pleasure (mockery) can be negative. Therefore, such vocabulary applies to the emotive means of neutral significance. The emotions of shame and anxiety differ both externally and internally. Feeling awkward, a person looks away, turns away, or lowers his head. A one-time smile, a peek at the object distinguishes the emotion of shame. Shame is usually aimed at the future, warns of the danger of shame. Awkwardness is caused by a feeling of inconsistency with certain requirements or circumstances. Groups of words denoting emotional and ethical evaluation are linguistic means expressing such emotions as shame, anxiety, embarrassment, guilt, grief, and embrace a negative assessment of morality in the semantics of the actions of the subject and the people around him. In other words, lexemes of such meaning express all unpleasant emotions in a person’s wrong actions, ranging from common social shame to deep ethical regret.
IMMERSED BOUNDARY METHOD FOR THE INVESTIGATION OF REAL SURFACES WITH ISOTROPIC AND ANISOTROPIC ROUGHNESS COMPONENTS
Authors:   Institute of Turbomachinery and Fluid Dynamics, Leibniz Universaet Hannover, Ahrens Jan Dominik , Kurth Sebastian ,   Institute of Turbomachinery and Fluid Dynamics, Leibniz Universaet Hannover, Cengiz Kenan ,   Institute of Turbomachinery and Fluid Dynamics, Leibniz Universaet Hannover, Wein Lars ,   Institute of Turbomachinery and Fluid Dynamics, Leibniz Universaet Hannover, Seume Joerg R. ,   Institute of Turbomachinery and Fluid Dynamics, Leibniz Universaet Hannover
Published: October 2022

Roughness generally consists of structures that are either oriented anisotropic in directions tangential to the surface or isotropic, or a superposition of both components. Interactions between the roughness elements exert a significant influence on the fluid mechanical losses. Costeffective maintenance of the functionality of the surfaces of aerodynamically relevant components such as blades requires the quantitative prediction of the flow influence, which can be achieved through ReynoldsAveragedNavierStokes Simulations (RANS). An established roughness parameter used to model the influence on the flow is the equivalent sand grain roughness ks. By contrast, the research presented here employs Direct Numerical Simulations (DNS) with Immersed Boundary Method (IBM) of channel flows over anisotropic, isotropic, and superimposed surfaces in order to investigate the aerodynamic losses, for example, due to turbulent production and dissipation. The simulation results show that the equivalent sand grain roughness does not correctly predict flow losses from anisotropic and superimposed surfaces, because in reality, the ”angle of attack” with respect to the anisotropic structures changes the turbulence due to altered turbulent production and dissipation. A nonlinear relationship between the flow resistance and this angle of attack is a result of local changes in pressure gradients.
FORMULASI LULUR BODY SCRUB BERAS KETAN HITAM (ORYZA SATIVA VAR. GLUTINOSA) DENGAN PERPADUAN YOGURT SEBAGAI ZAT AKTIF
Authors: Agata Shelly Dwi , Jayadi Lukky
Published: October 2022

Scrub is a cosmetic preparation for skin care that functions as an abrasive in the form of scurb granules that can remove dead skin cells from the epidermis. The scrub used in this study was derived from black glutinous rice (Oryza Sativa Var. Glutinosa) which contains antioxidant components and can help activate vitamin B1 which helps maintain healthy skin and helps skin look brighter. In addition, the components of the active substance are also needed. Yogurt was chosen as the active ingredient of the preparation because it has Alpha Hydroxy Acid (AHA) which can help the exfoliation process and help remove dead skin cells and increase the skin's natural moisture factor. The purpose of making body scrub preparations using yogurt as an active substance with varying concentrations of 0%, 5%, 10% and 15%. This research was conducted experimentally. The physical quality test of the preparation includes organoleptic test, homogeneity test, pH test, adhesion test, dispersibility test, stability test, and emulsion type test. The results show that the preparations made meet the physical evaluation of the scrub preparations meet the quality requirements, meet the organoleptic quality evaluation, namely the formulation of the scrub preparations F0, F1, F2, and F3 with semi-solid texture, purplish gray color with a mixture of black glutinous rice and yogurt. Each preparation is homogeneous. Emulsion type o/w. pH ranged from 7, 45 - 6, 74. It complies with the quality requirements of the spreadability test and has good emulsion stability. The conclusion of this study is that the F3 formulation with the addition of 15% yogurt has the best physical quality in the organoleptic test, homogeneity test, pH test, dispersibility test, stability test, and emulsion type test.
Association between caffeine intake and lumbar spine bone mineral density in adults aged 20–49: A cross-sectional study
Authors: Wang Gaoxiang , Fang Ze-Bin , Liu De-Liang , Chu Shu-Fang , Li Hui-Lin , Zhao Heng-Xia
Published: October 2022

Background

Many epidemiological studies have investigated the connection between coffee intake and bone mineral density (BMD), but the results are controversial. This study aimed to assess the association between caffeine consumption and lumbar BMD in adults aged 20–49.

Methods

From a cross-sectional study based on a large sample of the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey 2011–2018. After controlling for confounders, the weighted multivariate linear regression model was created and stratified by age, gender, and race for subgroup analysis. In addition, we simultaneously stratified analysis by age and sex and divided caffeine intake into quartiles to assess the association between coffee intake and BMD.

Results

Caffeine intake was not significantly linked with lumbar BMD in this study of 7041 adults. In subgroup studies stratified by age, there was a significant correlation between lumbar BMD and caffeine consumption in participants aged 30–39 and 40–49. In females, there was a positive correlation between lumbar BMD and coffee consumption stratified by gender. When evaluated by race, the association between lumbar BMD and caffeine intake was independent of race. Consequently, when stratifying for age, sex, and coffee intake quartiles, a significant positive correlation was discovered between the fourth coffee intake quartile and lumbar BMD in females aged 30–39. In addition, a negative correlation was discovered between coffee consumption and lumbar BMD in males aged 40–49.

Conclusions

Our research indicates that drinking coffee may benefit 30–39 women’s lumbar BMD, but it may adversely affect men aged 40–49.
PKC-mediated phosphorylation and activation of the MEK/ERK pathway as a mechanism of acquired trastuzumab resistance in HER2-positive breast cancer
Authors: Scerri Jeanesse , Scerri Christian , Schäfer-Ruoff Felix , Fink Simon , Templin Markus , Grech Godfrey
Published: October 2022

Protein expression, activation and stability are regulated through inter-connected signal transduction pathways resulting in specific cellular states. This study sought to differentiate between the complex mechanisms of intrinsic and acquired trastuzumab resistance, by quantifying changes in expression and activity of proteins (phospho-protein profile) in key signal transduction pathways, in breast cancer cellular models of trastuzumab resistance. To this effect, we utilized a multiplex, bead-based protein assay, DigiWest®, to measure around 100 proteins and protein modifications using specific antibodies. The main advantage of this methodology is the quantification of multiple analytes in one sample, utilising input volumes of a normal western blot. The intrinsically trastuzumab-resistant cell line JIMT-1 showed the largest number of concurrent resistance mechanisms, including PI3K/Akt and RAS/RAF/MEK/ERK activation, β catenin stabilization by inhibitory phosphorylation of GSK3β, cell cycle progression by Rb suppression, and CREB-mediated cell survival. MAPK (ERK) pathway activation was common to both intrinsic and acquired resistance cellular models. The overexpression of upstream RAS/RAF, however, was confined to JIMT 1; meanwhile, in a cellular model of acquired trastuzumab resistance generated in this study (T15), entry into the ERK pathway seemed to be mostly mediated by PKCα activation. This is a novel observation and merits further investigation that can lead to new therapeutic combinations in HER2-positive breast cancer with acquired therapeutic resistance.
Water chemical oxygen demand prediction model based on the CNN and ultraviolet-visible spectroscopy
Authors: Ye Binqiang , Cao Xuejie , Liu Hong , Wang Yong , Tang Bin , Chen Changhong , Chen Qing
Published: October 2022

Excessive levels of organic matter in water threaten ecological safety and endanger human health. As the water resource environment is deteriorating, accurate and rapid determination of water quality parameters has become a current research hotspot. In recent years, the ultraviolet spectrometry method has been more widely used in the detection of chemical oxygen demand (COD), which is convenient and without chemical reagents. However, this method tends to use absorbance at 254 nm to measure COD. It has a good detection effect when the composition of pollutants is single, but in real life, the complex composition of pollutants will seriously affect the accuracy of measurement. Therefore, a COD prediction model based on ultraviolet-visible (UV-Vis) spectrometry and the convolutional neural network (CNN) is proposed. Compared with other traditional COD prediction models, this model makes full use of the absorbance of all ultraviolet and visible wavelengths, avoiding the information loss caused by using specific wavelengths. Meanwhile, this model is constructed based on the shallow CNN, using convolutional layers with different step lengths instead of the traditional pooling layers, which reduces computation and enhances the capture of spectral feature peaks. Additionally, with the powerful feature extraction capability of the CNN, this model reduces the reliance on pre-processing methods and improves the utilization of spectral information. Experiments have shown that our model has better fitting results and accuracy than other traditional COD prediction models such as the principal component analysis (PCA), partial least squares regression (PLSR), and backpropagation (BP) neural network. This study provides a better solution for improving the accuracy of UV-Vis water quality COD detection, which is conducive to real-time monitoring of the water quality, providing data support of water pollution and its development trend for the government’s water resource protection policy and promoting biodiversity development.
Spatiotemporal prediction and optimization of environmental suitability in citrus-producing areas
Authors: Wu Zhenyu , Zou Shizhao , Yang Yong , Yang Xue , Han Qingzhong , Chen Chang , Wang Mingxia , Tan Wenfeng
Published: October 2022

The increasing need for citrus has driven the rapid expansion of citrus planting areas. However, not all areas are suitable for growing citrus. It is necessary to understand the future changing trend of environmental suitability in citrus-producing areas. Here, based on the soil nutrient data of citrus cultivation from 2006 to 2018, the spatiotemporal kriging method was used to predict the spatiotemporal distribution of soil nutrients in Zigui County, Hubei Province. Then, geographical and meteorological conditions were combined to evaluate the suitability for citrus cultivation at temporal and spatial levels, and the results were verified by the yield and quality data of citrus. The results showed that from 2018 to 2027, the overall suitability of the citrus-producing area displayed a gradually rising trend, with the “suitable” producing area increasing from 4.5% to 20.16%. The validation results indicated that the mean relative errors of spatiotemporal predictors were less than 30% except for the effective iron. Correlation analysis revealed that the proportion of “moderately suitable” and “suitable” orchards had significant positive correlations with annual yield. The low suitability of Maoping town was mainly attributed to its soil acidification and available P content, and that of Shazhenxi town was ascribed to its low soil contents of available P and N. The optimal fertilization scheme was constructed by an artificial neural network to optimize the fertilization status of some citrus producing areas. This study has created a dynamic assessment of the environmental suitability of citrus production areas to support improvements in citrus production.
Lactate-driven macrophage polarization in the inflammatory microenvironment alleviates intestinal inflammation
Authors: Zhou Hai-Cun , Yu Wen-Wen , Yan Xin-Yan , Liang Xiao-Qin , Ma Xiu-Feng , Long Jian-Ping , Du Xiao-Yan , Mao Hong-Yan , Liu Hong-Bin
Published: October 2022

Background

Lactate has long been considered an intermediate by-product of glucose metabolism. However, in recent years, accumulating evidence reveals that lactate has unique biological activities. In previous studies, lactate signaling was shown to inhibit inflammation. Furthermore, in vitro experiments have shown that lactate can promote the transformation of pro-inflammatory macrophages into anti-inflammatory macrophages. However, no in vivo studies have shown whether lactate can alleviate inflammation.

Methods

RAW 264.7 macrophages were stimulated by LPS to induce an M1 phenotype, and cultured with low and high concentrations of lactate. The cells were then observed for phenotypic transformations and expression of inflammatory mediators and surface markers. The expression of inflammatory factors was also analyzed in the cell-free supernatant fraction. Further, a mouse model of DSS-induced colitis was established and treated with lactate. Colonic tissue injury was monitored by histopathological examinations.

Results

The in vitro experiments showed that lactate promoted the transformation of activated macrophages to M2 phenotype and decreased the expression of TLR4-mediated NF-κB signaling proteins and inflammatory factors. In the DSS-induced colitis mouse model, lactate promoted the phenotypic transformation of macrophages in colonic tissue, reduced inflammation and organ damage, inhibited the activation of TLR4/NF-κB signaling pathway, decreased the serum levels of pro-inflammatory factors, increased the expression of anti-inflammatory factors, promoted the repair of the intestinal mucosal barrier and reduced the severity of colitis.

Conclusions

Lactate inhibits the TLR/NF-κB signaling pathway and the production of pro-inflammatory factors by promoting polarization of macrophages. In addition, lactate promotesthe repair of the intestinal mucosal barrier and protects intestinal tissue in inflammation. Furthermore, lactate is relatively safe. Therefore, lactate is a promising and effective drug for treating inflammation through immunometabolism regulation.
β-Carboline dimers inhibit the tumor proliferation by the cell cycle arrest of sarcoma through intercalating to Cyclin-A2
Authors: Ma Huiya , Yu Hongzhi , Li Zhengyang , Cao Zhi , Du Youwei , Dai Jiangkun , Zhi Dongming , Xu Yujie , Li Na , Wang Junru
Published: October 2022

β-Carbolines are potentially strong alkaloids with a wide range of bioactivities, and their dimers exhibit stronger antitumor activity other than the monomers. However, the detailed mechanisms of the β-carboline dimers in inhibiting sarcoma (SARC) remain unclear. The results showed that β-carboline-3-carboxylic acid dimers Comp1 and Comp2, which were synthesized in our lab and modified at the N9 position and linked at the C3 position, exhibited effective inhibition activity on MG-63 proliferation (IC50 = 4.6μM). Meanwhile, the large scale transcriptome profiles of SARC from The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) were analyzed, and found that abnormal expression of genes relevant to apoptosis, cell cycle, and signaling pathways of Hedgehog, HIF, Ras involved in the SARC pathogenesis. Interestingly, both dimers could promote the apoptosis and arrest the cell cycle in S phase to inhibit proliferation of MG-63. Moreover, Comp1 and Comp2 inhibited the expression CDK2, CCNA2, DBF4, and PLK1 associated with various immune cells and cell cycle in MG-63. Remarkably, drug-target interaction network analysis showed that numerous proteins involved in cell cycle were the potential targets of Comp1 and Comp2, especially CCNA2. Further molecular docking, isothermal titration calorimetry (ITC) and Cellular Thermal Shift Assay (CETSA) confirmed that both dimers could directly interact with CCNA2, which is significantly correlated with CD4+ T cells, by strong hydrophobic interactions (Kd=5.821 ×106 N). Meanwhile, the levels of CCNA2 and CDK2 were inhibited to decrease in MG-63 by both dimer treatments at transcription and protein levels, implying that Comp1 and Comp2 blocked the interaction between CCNA2 and CDK2 through competitive binding with CCNA2 to arrest the cell cycle of MG-63 cells in the S phase. Additionally, the transcriptome profiles of β-carboline-treated mice from Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) were obtained, and found that similar antitumor mechanism was shared among β-carboline derivatives. Overall, our results elucidated the antitumor mechanisms of Comp1 and Comp2 through dual-suppressing the function of CCNA2 to profoundly arrest cell cycle of MG-63, then effectively inhibited cell proliferation of MG-63. These results provide new insights into the antitumor mechanism of β-carboline dimers and new routes of various novel cancer-related drug targets for future possible cancer therapy.
80 years later: Marine sediments still influenced by an old war ship
Authors: Van Landuyt Josefien , Kundu Kankana , Van Haelst Sven , Neyts Marijke , Parmentier Koen , De Rijcke Maarten , Boon Nico
Published: October 2022

Historic shipwrecks form an anthropogenic landmark in marine environment, yet their influence on the local geochemistry and microbiology remains largely unexplored. In this study, sediment and steel hull samples were taken around the V-1302 John Mahn, a World War II shipwreck, at increasing distance from the wreck, in different directions. Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAH’s), explosives, and heavy metal levels were determined and related to the microbial composition. Benz(a)anthracene and fluoranthene remain present at the mg kg-1 level, probably originating from the coal bunker. These PAH’s indicate that the wreck is still influencing the surrounding sediments however the effects are very dependent on which side of the wreck is being studied. Known PAH degrading taxa like Rhodobacteraceae and Chromatiaceae were more abundant in samples with high aromatic pollutant content. Moreover, sulphate reducing bacteria (such as Desulfobulbia), proven to be involved in steel corrosion, were found present in the biofilm. This study shows that even after 80 years, a historic shipwreck can still significantly steer the surrounding sediment chemistry and microbial ecology.
Rapid detection of Enterocytospora artemiae in Chinese grass shrimp (Palaemonetes sinensis) through isothermal recombinase polymerase amplification
Authors: Jiang Hongbo , Liu Jinghui , Bao Jie , Xing Yuenan , Feng Chengcheng , Hu Qingbiao , Li Xiaodong , Chen Qijun
Published: October 2022

Enterospora artemiae, an obligate intracellular parasitic microsporidium, severely affects the development of Chinese grass shrimp (Palaemonetes sinensis) aquaculture. Currently, no effective drugs or vaccines are available for treatment. To improve the diagnosis and prevention of microsporidia infection inP. sinensis, two recombinase polymerase amplification (RPA) detection methods (visualized by electrophoresis [RPA-AGE] and a colloidal gold lateral flow dip-strip [RPA-LFD], respectively) were established based on theE. artemiaeS8 serine protease gene. RPA-AGE showed optimal amplification at 37°C for 30 min, and amplification by RPA-LFD was completed in 10 min at 37°C and produced detection results within 5 min. Regarding specificity, both methods showed specific amplification ofE. artemiaebut not of other pathogens. Regarding sensitivity, the minimum detection limit for both RPA-AGE and RPA-LFD was 4.7 copies/μL. Using 30 clinical samples, the 70%-positive rate was lower than that of fluorescence quantitation, but accuracy was improved compared with conventional polymerase chain reaction-based amplification (56.7%). Our RPA-AGE and RPA-LFD methods showed high specificity and sensitivity, with short detection time. In particular, the RPA-LFD method can be used for simple on-site detection ofE. artemiaeinP. sinensisfarms without the requirement of experimental equipment, which can facilitate the prevention and control of this microsporidial disease.
Review of recycling alternatives for paper pulp wastes
Authors: Vilarinho Inês Silveirinha , Gameiro Tânia , Capela Marinélia N. , Carvalheiras João , Caetano Ana P. F. , Novo Catarina , Novais Rui M. , Seabra Maria Paula , Labrincha João António
Published: October 2022

The demand for products derived from the pulp and paper industry has been increasing over the past years and is projected to further increase over the coming decades. Although being one of Portugal’s most relevant industrial activities, contributing to nearly 2.3% of the GDP, this sector is known to generate a variety of wastes including fly ashes, exhausted bed sands, green liquor dregs, grits, lime muds, biological and pulp and paper mill sludges, which have been mostly disposed of in landfills. This strategy is not aligned with the circular economy vision, and therefore it is imperative to develop new recycling routes for the different waste streams. This scenario has driven a significant research effort in the attempt to design sustainable recycling alternatives for the distinct wastes. This study summarizes the investigations focusing on the valorisation of these wastes in a wide range of applications, including the production of low carbon footprint binders or mortars for the construction sector, but also the production of novel materials for high added-value applications such as wastewater treatment and pH regulation. The present work also highlights the main bottlenecks and future prospects for the studied wastes.
The kinetics of hydrogen peroxide reduction on rare earth doped UO2 and SIMFUEL
Authors: Zhu Ziyan , Ly Malin , Liu Nazhen , Noël James J. , Shoesmith David W.
Published: October 2022

The electrochemical reduction of hydrogen peroxide has been studied in sodium chloride solutions containing various anions (bicarbonate/carbonate, sulphate) on Gd-UO2, Dy-UO2 and a SIMFUEL (UO2 doped to simulate spent nuclear fuel). The reaction was observed to proceed via the chemical oxidation of the surface to produce UV followed by its subsequent electrochemical reduction. The reaction was faster on the SIMFUEL surface due to the availability of the oxygen vacancies required to incorporate the OII ions necessary to maintain charge balance. Bicarbonate/carbonate, but not sulphate, was found to suppress peroxide reduction. This could be caused either by peroxide decomposition in solution or by the catalysis of peroxide reformation via the reaction of surface hydroxyl radicals with bicarbonate/carbonate to form carbonate radicals which subsequently decompose by reaction with water. The noble metal particles present in the SIMFUEL appear to play only a minor role in the reduction process.
Influence of marital status on the treatment and survival of middle-aged and elderly patients with primary bone cancer
Authors: Wen Yixin , Zhang Hui , Zhi Kaining , Li Minghui
Published: October 2022

Objective

The role of spousal support has been recognized to benefit patients with many chronic diseases and cancers. However, the impact of marital status on the survival of middle-aged and elderly patients with primary bone tumors remains elusive.

Materials and methods

The data of patients aged ≥ 45 years with primary bone tumors diagnosed between 2000 and 2018 were extracted from the Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results Database. Kaplan–Meier analysis was used to assess the overall survival and tumor-specific survival of patients. The Cox proportional hazards and Fine-and-Gray models were used to calculate the hazard ratios (HRs) and sub-distribution HRs (sHR) and the corresponding 95% confidence interval (CI) of all-cause mortality and tumor-specific mortality, respectively.

Results

A total of 5,640 primary bone tumors were included in the study. In 45–59 years cohort, married, unmarried, divorced and widowed accounted for 66.0, 21.0, 11.2, and 1.8%, respectively; while 64.3, 10.1, 8.8, and 16.8% in 60+ years cohort, respectively. The widowed patients had a lower proportion of early-stage tumors at diagnosis than that married, unmarried, and divorced patients (31.0% vs. 36% vs. 37.1% vs. 39.4%; P = 0.008), and had a higher proportion of patients who did not undergo surgery than that of married, unmarried, and divorced patients (38.6% vs. 21.3% vs. 24.6% vs. 24.4%; P < 0.001). The widowed population had an increased risk of all-cause mortality (HR, 1.68; 95% CI, 1.50–1.88; P < 0.001) and disease-related mortality (HR, 1.33; 95% CI, 1.09–1.61; P = 0.005) compared with the married population.

Conclusion

The marital status of middle-aged and elderly people can affect the tumor stage at diagnosis, treatment, and survival prognosis of patients with primary bone cancer. Widowed patients are more inclined to choose non-surgical treatment and have the worst prognosis.
Intraoperative hypotension in non-emergency decompression surgery for cervical spondylosis: The role of chronic arterial hypertension
Authors: Chiang Ting-Yun , Wang Yen-Kai , Huang Wen-Cheng , Huang Shiang-Suo , Chu Ya-Chun
Published: October 2022

Background

Cervical spondylotic myelopathy and chronic hypertension show a cause-effect relationship. Hypertension increases cardiovascular risk and is associated with intraoperative hypotension. We aimed to evaluate intraoperative hypotension in patients undergoing non-emergency decompression surgery for cervical spondylosis and its association with clinical myelopathy and chronic arterial hypertension.

Methods

This retrospective cohort study used healthcare data of adult patients undergoing cervical spine surgeries at Taipei Veterans General Hospital from 2015 to 2019. The primary outcomes were the incidence of intraoperative hypotension and predictive factors, and the secondary outcomes were the association of intraoperative hypotension and postoperative adverse outcomes in the surgical population.

Results

Among the 1833 patients analyzed, 795 (43.4%) required vasopressor treatment and 342 (18.7%) showed persistent hypotension. Factors independent associated with hypotension after anesthetic induction were age [odds ratio (OR), 1.15; 95% confidence interval (CI), 1.07-1.23 per 5 years, P < 0.001], male sex (OR, 1.63; 95% CI, 1.21-2.19, P < 0.001), chronic hypertension (OR, 1.77; 95% CI, 1.32-2.38, P < 0.001), upper cervical spine level C0-2 treated (OR, 3.04; 95% CI, 1.92-4.84, P < 0.001 vs. C3-T1), and increased number of spine segments treated (OR, 1.43; 95% CI 1.26-1.63, P < 0.001). Patients who developed intraoperative hypotension experienced more acute postoperative kidney injury (OR, 7.90; 95% CI, 2.34–26.63, P < 0.001), greater need for intensive care (OR, 1.80; 95% CI, 1.24–2.60, P = 0.002), and longer admission after surgery (1.09 days longer, 95% CI 0.06-2.12, P = 0.038).

Conclusion

Intraoperative hypotension is common even in non-emergency cervical spine surgery. A history of hypertension independently predicted intraoperative hypotension. Prompt assessments for identifiable features can help ameliorate intraoperative hypotension.
Global microRNA and protein expression in human term placenta
Authors: Östling Hanna , Lodefalk Maria , Backman Helena , Kruse Robert
Published: October 2022

Introduction

Description of the global expression of microRNAs (miRNAs) and proteins in healthy human term placentas may increase our knowledge of molecular biological pathways that are important for normal fetal growth and development in term pregnancy. The aim of this study was to explore the global expression of miRNAs and proteins, and to point out functions of importance in healthy term placentas.

Materials and methods

Placental samples (n = 19) were identified in a local biobank. All samples were from uncomplicated term pregnancies with vaginal births and healthy, normal weight newborns. Next-generation sequencing and nano-scale liquid chromatographic tandem mass spectrometry were used to analyse miRNA and protein expression, respectively.

Results

A total of 895 mature miRNAs and 6,523 proteins were detected in the placentas, of which 123 miRNAs and 346 proteins were highly abundant. The miRNAs were in high degree mapped to chromosomes 19, 14, and X. Analysis of the highly abundant miRNAs and proteins showed several significantly predicted functions in common, including immune and inflammatory response, lipid metabolism and development of the nervous system.

Discussion

The predicted function inflammatory response may reflect normal vaginal delivery, while lipid metabolism and neurodevelopment may be important processes for the term fetus. The data presented in this study, with complete miRNA and protein findings, will enhance the knowledge base for future research in the field of placental function and pathology.
Comparative genomic analysis of Lacticaseibacillus paracasei SMN-LBK from koumiss
Authors: Wang Jianghan , Wang Tong , Li Yandie , Fan Zhexin , Lv Zhuoxia , Liu Linting , Li Xu , Li Baokun
Published: October 2022

Lacticaseibacillus paracasei SMN-LBK, which was isolated in Xinjiang, has been shown to be a probiotic strain and used as the auxiliary starter for dairy fermentation. Comparative genomic analysis was performed to investigate the metabolic preference and ethanol tolerance mechanisms of L. paracasei SMN-LBK. The results of comparative genomics showed that L. paracasei strains had high conservation and genetic diversity. SMN-LBK encoded various genes related to carbohydrate and amino acid metabolism pathways, which endow this strain with good fermentation potential. In addition, 6 CRISPR sequences and 8 cas proteins were found in SMN-LBK, and these could play vital roles in the immune system. Furthermore, a unique cluster of potential secondary metabolism genes related to bacteriocins was detected in the genome of SMN-LBK, and this could be important for the preservation of fermented foods. Multiple genes related to alcohol tolerance were also identified. In conclusion, our study explained the traits that were previously demonstrated for SMN-LBK as phenotypes and provided a theoretical basis for the application of SMN-LBK in the food industry.