bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Realization of a Solar Dryer Assisted by a Parabolic Dish Concentrator
Authors: Laouini Abdeldjalil , Benhaou Boubaker , Aoues Kamel , Atia Abdelmalek
Published: January 2021

Many studies have been conducted in the field of drying technology. The traditional dryingmethods are considered less effective and time consuming. The present study aims to develop the indirect solar dryer for agro-food products from El-Oued region (South-East of Algeria). The dryer is assisted by a parabolic dish concentrator to improve its performances through increasing its temperature and decreasing drying time. the realized solar dryer was tested on the red chilies during April 2018, the temperature in the drying chamber is reached intoxicating 55 °C with a drying time of 5 h.
Microstructural Characterization, Tribological and Corrosion Behaviour of Forged and Cast Grinding Balls a Comparative Study
Authors: Bouhamla Khedidja , Gharbi Amel , Ghelloudj Oualid , Hadji Ali , Hichem Maouche , Remili Saleh , Chettouh Samia
Published: January 2021

Various facilities are used in mineral processing to prepare raw material. Practically, two types of balls are used, cast balls and forged balls. They are respectively made from high chromium cast iron and forged steel and are supplied in different sizes and chemical compositions. The cast and forged balls have different microstructures and consequently display dissimilar wear behavior. The target aimed in this work is to achieve a comparative study taking into account the type of microstructure, mechanical properties, and wear behavior of these two kinds of materials. Specimens have undergone chemical, metallographic and XRD characterizations. Subsequently, these samples were subjected to hardness measurements, abrasion and friction tests in order to evaluate their wear behaviour. Tribological tests, under unlubricated environment, are carried out on both types of grinding balls in order to study the wear system. Corrosion tests are also performed on forged steel and high chromium cast iron ball samples. The obtained results reveal a large difference in terms of chemical composition and microstructural components. Chromium cast iron balls are more resistant to friction, whereas forged balls are more resistant to abrasion. Additionally, the corrosion tests reveal a narrow discrepancy in corrosion behaviour between the studied materials.
Realization and Characterization of CH3NH3PbI3 /c-Si Heterojunction
Authors: Khelfaoui Fatima , Belaidi Itidel , Attaf Nadhir , Aida Mohammed Salah , Bougdira Jamal
Published: January 2021

In the present work we have reported the realization and characterization of CH3NH3PbI3/c-Si heterojunction. It was achieved by deposing CH3NH3PbI3 perovskite film on (P) doped single crystalline Silicon (c-Si) substrate by spin coating. The structural, optical and electrical properties of perovskite film were investigated. The electric characterization of the realized device was achieved through I-V and G-f measurements. The recorded I-V characteristic exhibits a rectifier behavior. This curve was used also to determine diode parameters; the ideality factor, the saturation current, the series resistance and the potential barrier. However, the conductance method was used to assess the interface state Nss via (G/ω) versus angular frequency ω curve. The results were used to justify the large values of the ideality factor and the series resistance.
Optical Properties of Lithium Borate Glass Containing Barite
Authors: Abdellaoui K.
Published: January 2021

Through this research we have prepared samples of glass, which includes 60 mol%B2O3 – x mol %barite – (40-x) mol %Li2O, where x= 5, 7.5, 10, and 15 mol%. The samples fabricated by the melt quenching technique. The samples are melted in alumina crucible at 1473 K for 1.5 h in an electric muffle furnace (LENTON). The glasses were casted into stainless molds, and then immediately transferred to an annealing furnance at about 400°C. The aim of this work is to determine the extent of the effect of raw barite on the physical and optical properties of this glass. The optical transmittance and reflectance spectrum of the glasses in this work were determined in the wavelength range 300–2500 nm at room temperature. The physical and optical properties of the following prepared glass samples have been determined and calculated (density, volume molar, refraction index, Optical dielectric constant, molar refractivity and electronic polarizability) for glasses prepared.
Use of Glass Powder and Sand Dune in Concrete: Characterization and Performance
Authors: Saggai Sofiane , Bouaka Wafa , Benhaddou Amira , Belaid Ibtissam
Published: January 2021

Cement and alluvial sand are very essential materials in concrete preparation. The first material production contributes to the emissions of greenhouse gases, in particular carbon dioxide (CO2), and the extensive exploitation of second material constitutes a danger on the extinction of its deposits. The use of waste glass powder (WGP) to partially replace cement and dune sand as a replacement for a small amount of alluvial sand appears as a potential solution that solves several problems at once (disposal of glass waste, reduction of emissions gas and preservation of construction sand deposits). The objective of this study is to verify the effects of these partial replacements on concrete properties, their cost, and the CO2 emission reduction in the atmosphere. For this, three types of concrete are prepared: a control (0% of WGP); mixture 1 (10% WGP); and mixture 2 (20% WGP). In all three types, 5% of alluvial sand is replaced by dune sand. Obtained results show that these partial replacements do not affect the porosity (less than 20%), they give good indices as to the speed of sound propagation in the concrete (up to 3500 m/s), especially for the case of the second mixture after 56 days but this does not increase the concrete performance concerning compressive strength and performance of concrete with glass is less than that of control concrete. Economically, the reduction of 10% in cement saves 5 € per ton and environmentally, it reduces the emission of CO2 from cement industry by 0.5 to 0.7% of total anthropogenic CO2 emissions.
Protein Extraction from Spirulina platensis by Using Ultrasound Assisted Extraction: Effect of Solvent Types and Extraction Time
Authors: Sela Kong , Budhijanto Wiratni , Budiman Arief
Published: January 2021

Protein is a substantial nutrition that essentially required by human. Spirulina platensis (Spp), well known as protein source could be a significant source to be used for many industrial applications. This study was investigated the effectiveness of ultrasound assisted extraction (UAE) method for protein extraction from Spp at various composition of solvent mixture and extraction time. Ethanol and mixture of methanol-ethanol were used as solvent. Extraction was conducted by varying ratios of solvent to biomass at 10:1, 12.5:1, and 15:1 (v/w), and extraction time (20, 35, and 50 min). Optimum protein recovery from dry Spp was 42.55 ± 0.43% obtained by using 20 ml of the mixture of methanol and ethanol at 50 min of extraction time. This study also conducted that mixture of methanol and ethanol was a better solvent on improving the ultrasound assisted extraction, as indicated by high protein recovery with less amount of solvent volume used.
Using Taguchi Grey Relational Analysis Multi-Object of Process Parameters in Electric Resistance Welding of Wire to Recovery AISI1045 Steell Shaft
Authors: Nguyen Minh Tan , Le Van Thoai , Nguyen Thanh Phu , Nguyen Van Nhat
Published: January 2021

This study focuses on the multi-objective optimization of the welding joint of AISI 1045 steel shafts with AISI 1070 filler wire 1.8 mm in diameter by electric resistance welding method. During the welding process, welding parameters input are important because it determines the quality of the welding joint. Therefore, in this study, Taguchi method was used in combination with grey relational analysis to select the welding parameters suitable for this welding process. The experiments were performed according to the orthogonal array L9 designed by the Taguchi method. The input welding mode parameters used in this study include welding current (Ih), force (F), welding speed (Vh). The output characteristics for the selected weld quality target are minimum tensile strength and micro hardness. Grey analyzes were conducted to optimize for the input parameters, the analysis results show that the set of input parameters suitable for the output quality are Ih = 7.5 KA; F = 1.7 KN; Vh = 1.5 cm/s. This is followed by the process of assessing the significance of the factors to all qualities of the welded joint using the ANOVA analysis process.
Mechanical Properties Optimization of the Elastomeric Matrix Reinforced Composite Material with Cabuya Fiber, Using the DOE/Complete Factorial Design and Desirability Function
Authors: Paredes Juan , Arroba Cesar , Machado Alvaro , Castillo Willan
Published: January 2021

The development of green composites to obtain scientific, technological and industrial application benefits, and evaluate different mechanical properties of those materials; as well as the great growth and the global market demand being considered as lightly and low manufacture cost materials, that has mechanical and physical properties equal or higher that will replace the materials that are traditionally seen in industry. Applying an analysis based in the experiments design (DOE) plus experimental essays, a mechanical characterization of composite material latex reinforced with short cabuya fiber was performed with random orientation and volumetric fractions of 20% latex - 80% cabuya fiber, 30% latex-70% cabuya fiber, 45% latex – 55% cabuya fiber; for the different combinations. Of the essays that were performed it was determined the test tubes that show better results in its mechanical properties through the UNE Norm (Tensil UNE - ISO 37, Compression UNE - ISO 7743, Strength UNE - ISO 48). With the analysis developed by the statistical methodology based on the complete general factorial design and the desirability function it was able to determine the best mechanical characteristics of the composite material that will be used, was the composite formed by fiber with 1 centimeter of length and a volumetric fraction of 20% Latex – 80% Cabuya.
The Characteristics of the Fatigue Life of the SAE 1541 Carbon Steel Based on the Strain-Life Approach
Authors: Rauzatul Akmal , Husaini . , Teuku Edisah Putra
Published: January 2021

The aim of this study was to characterize the fatigue life of the SAE 1541 carbon steel. The fatigue life was predicted based on the strain-life approach through the application of constant and variable strain data with negative, zero, and positive mean values. Each strain data was developed at amplitude range of 200 με, 400 με, 600 με, 800 με, 1,000 με, 1,200 με, 1,400 με, 1,600 με, 1,800 με, and 2,000 με. The results showed there was no significant difference in the fatigue life for negative, zero, and positive mean strain amplitudes using the Coffin-Manson model. This is due to the non-consideration of the mean strain effect by the Coffin-Manson model. However, according to the Morrow and SWT models, negative mean strain data gave a longer fatigue life while positive mean strain data gave a shorter life. In addition, variable strain data gave a longer fatigue life since they contain low and high amplitudes, with the low amplitudes contributing to minimum fatigue damage.
Effect of Ash-Slag Mix and Polypropylene Fiber on the Performances of Concrete Composite
Authors: Fediuk Roman , Klyuev S.V. , Olisov A.V. , Taskin Andrey , Mosaberpanah Mohammad Ali
Published: January 2021

The article is devoted to determining the patterns of improving the performance of concrete using hydro-remote ash-slag mix and polypropylene fiber. For this, a four-step methodology was developed for producing purified aluminosilicates from ash-slag mix. A set of experimental studies included the study of both raw materials and developed composites. The compressive strength, flexural strength, and freeze-thaw resistance were chosen as the target characteristics. The mechanism of the effect of purified aluminosilicates on the compaction of the composite structure was determined. At the same time, polypropylene fiber effectively inhibits the formation of cracks and they growth. The optimal composition is the replacement of cement with an ash-slag mix in an amount of 50% and in the presence of fiber. In this case, the compressive strength was increased by 19%, and the flexural strength by 122% compared with the reference composition. Thus, it was proved that both hydro-remote ash-slag mix and polypropylene fiber, and especially from combined use, make it possible to create effective fiber-reinforced concrete with excellent mechanical and durability characteristics.
Glass Micro Balls Based on Glass Domestic Waste for Road Construction
Authors: Bessmertniy V.S. , Klimenko V.A. , Bondarenko M.A. , Olisov A.V. , Bragina L.L.
Published: January 2021

The glass micro balls based on glass domestic waste for road construction were obtained. Glass micro balls will reduce the contamination of road marking and increase its light-reflective ability at night. Colorless and colored container glass, as well as lead crystal, was chosen as the starting material for producing glass micro balls. An electric arc plasmotron UPU-8M was used to produce glass micro balls. Pre-crushed fractionated glass together with plasma-forming gas – argon was fed to the powder feeder and from the feeder to the plasma burner. Under the influence of high plasma temperatures, about 9000-12000K, the particles were melted, followed by cooling in the outgoing flow of plasma-forming gases. Due to high-temperature plasma exposure, partial evaporation of alkaline oxides and lead oxide occurred. Glass micro balls were enriched with the oxides of silicon, aluminum and calcium. This helped to increase the acid and alkali resistance of glass micro balls. The micro hardness, density, and refractive index of glass micro balls were studied. It is shown that glass micro balls have an ideal spherical shape and are x-ray amorphous. Glass micro balls are recommended for use in road construction as a reflective element of road marking.
Recipes and Properties of Multicomponent Systems "Aspiration Dust - Mineral Powder - Na2SiO3"
Authors: Salamanova Madina , Murtazaev Said Alvi , Bataev Dena , Nakhaev Magomed , Sarsenbayev Bakhytzhan
Published: January 2021

The paper presents the results of studies of the effect of the concentration of binder components on the properties of cement alkaline stone. Formulations of clinker-free binders of alkaline activation with the level of filling the system of 20 and 40% have been developed, the properties of the cement paste of the binding binder "aspiration dust - mineral powder - liquid glass" have been studied, the dynamics of a set of strength indicators has been studied, both for bending and compressive forces. The received results allow to estimate uniqueness of properties of a binding binder "a mineral powder - Na2SiO3" and to create new materials on resource saving and energy saving technology. The results presented in this article were obtained within the framework of studies on the implementation of scientific project No. 05. 607.21.0320. "Development of technology for new building composites based on clinkerless cement of alkaline activation using substandard natural and secondary raw materials" supported by the Federal Target Program "Research and Development in Priority Areas of Development of the Scientific and Technological Complex of Russia for 2014-2020". The unique identifier for the agreement is RFMTFI60719X0320.
Practical Application of the Similarity Law of Structures in the Reconstruction of the Surface Layer of Bricks
Authors: Danilov Victor , Ayzenshtadt Arkady , Frolova Maria
Published: January 2021

This paper discusses the results of experimental studies on the selection of the repair mixture compound for recreating the surface layer of the historical brick of the 18th century architectural monument “Commercial Bank” in Arkhangelsk. According to the research results, it was found that the historical brick has a relatively higher density and increased calcium content than the modern one. The characteristics of the surfaces of the analyzed materials based on the component indicators of specific surface energy showed that the brick of 1859, characterized by the highest degree of destruction, has the maximum value of the polar energy component. This fact may indicate a greater hydrophilicity of the surface in relation to atmospheric water and, as a result, a more intensive degradation process. It is established that the composition of the repair mixture with the addition of brick crumbs in the amount of 50 % has a value of the polar part of the surface tension equal to similar parameters for historical bricks (1786 and 1859) after their preliminary priming. The use of this mixture to recreate the surface layer of the brick will allow atmospheric water to pass freely through the repair compound and the body of the brick, without concentrating on the interface and without causing its destruction and detachment when drying.
Effective Application of 3D Additive Technologies for Creation of Construction Compositions Using Technogenic Raw Materials
Authors: Glagolev Evgeny S.
Published: January 2021

Nowadays the great attention of scientists and engineers is attracted by applying 3D-additive technologies for obtaining high-strength fine-grain concrete by using technogenic raw materials. It is distinguished from the conventional concrete by the increased content of cement stone, lower grain size, multicomponent composition and the increased specific surface of the aggregate [1-3]. The performance characteristics of such concrete mostly depend on its aggregate’s properties and water content.The paper considers the problem of improving fine-grain concretes production technologies. For this purpose the opportunities of 3D-additive technologies, which improve the efficiency of fine-grain concretes production technology due to using concrete compositions with natural and technogenic raw materials of various chemical and mineral formulas, were studied. The opportunity of increasing the economic feasibility of high-strength fine-grain concretes, produced by means of 3D-additive technology, with preserving their performance characteristics, has been demonstrated
The Sectors Workpieces and Drum Reel’s Die Cubes Electroslag Casting with Exothermic Electrical Conductive Fluxes
Authors: Vlasov Anatolii F. , Makarenko Nataliia A. , Kushchii Hanna M. , Holub Denys M.
Published: January 2021

It has been established that the developed method of manufacturing workpieces for the sectors of the drums of X20CrMoWV3 steel reel’s and die cubes from X5CrNiMo steel using a solid start and exothermic flux significantly reduces the complexity of their manufacture. The cast reel’s drum sectors workpieces and die cubes, obtained by the electroslag remelting (ESR) method, had a smooth surface without corrugations, sinkers, and slag inclusions. Heat treatment provides the required mechanical properties and the absence of flocs in the cast electroslag metal. An effective way to increase the performance of electroslag processes is using the exothermic flux, which contain scale, ferroalloys, aluminum powder and standard flux (welding flux ISO 14174 – S F AF3, etc.) in quantities sufficient for the exothermic reactions to occur, which ensures the generation of additional heat in the starting period of electroslag processes and contributes to the accelerated induction of the slag bath of the required volume at the “solid” start both monofilar and bifilar schemes of conducting the process instead of the “liquid” start. Electroslag processes using an exothermic alloyed flux on a “hard” start allow to obtain (compared to existing methods of slag bath formation) an increasing in the output of a suitable metal 2...10 %; saving on melting 1 kg of standard flux 1.2...1.4 kW h; reducing of the starting time of the ESR process to 25 %.
The Influence of the Pipelines Operation Term in Aggressive Environments on the Gas Content and Structure of Structural Steels
Authors: Makarenko Valeriy D. , Fedorina T.P. , Bezpala O.V. , Maksimov S.Yu.
Published: January 2021

X-ray structural studies have shown that with the increase of the life of the pipes, the surface layers of the metal adsorb a significant amount of gases (hydrogen, oxygen and sulfur), especially this is strongly manifested in the field of corrosion defects (ulcers, pitting). Also, it was found that in the process of long-term operation, the metal of the pipe walls is heavily flooded, which directly leads to its brittle and, as a consequence, increased hardness and reduced ductility. Such studies are unique in the subject of corrosion-mechanical resistance of metal and its degradation during long-term operation in the presence of alternating loads and at the same time, the aggressive environments of oil and gas fields.
Influence of Laser Power and Scanning Speed on the Formation of Single Tracks Formed by Laser Cladding
Authors: Gots A.N. , Lyukhter A.B. , Kochuev Dmitry A. , Frolov K.A. , Rumyantcev I.V.
Published: January 2021

One of the well-known methods for increasing wear resistance, especially for friction pairs, is surfacing wear-resistant materials on the working surfaces of mating parts [1, 2, 3]. Less expensive grades of steel can be used as the main material in the manufacture of parts, and the surfacing materials in this case must have increased characteristics: mechanical, corrosion and radiation resistance, heat resistance, wear resistance; good anti-friction properties, i.e. more expensive [4, 5]. This significantly reduces the cost of manufacturing or repairing parts, especially in mass production, since cheap grades of steel are used for their manufacture [5, 6]. Improvement of parts by gas powder laser cladding is carried out in shipbuilding, energy, oil and gas and mining industries, in the aviation industry and others. Note that although the method of coating appeared a long time ago, various methods of applying surfaced coatings are still being developed and refined [5,6]. In gas powder laser cladding, coatings are obtained by forcing the powder flow directly into the laser radiation zone [7, 8]. The powder particles are heated in the laser radiation zone and fall on the treated surface (substrate). It is known that the powder particles melt only after they hit the substrate [3, 4], but at the same time the surface layer of the base metal melts. After heating and melting the substrate, a liquid melt bath is formed, which, along with the molten powder, contains a significant part of the base metal components [7, 8]. The intensity of saturation of the surfacing metal with the substrate components is characterized by the proportion of the base metal in the cross section of the track, which is determined by the mixing ratio [9, 10, 11]. It is equal to the ratio of the area of the melted substrate to the sum of the areas of the melted substrate and the track as a percentage and depends on the cladding modes, which is determined after metallographic studies of the structure of protective coatings [8].
Grain Size and Strength of the Ni3Al Intermetallic Compound Synthesized under Pressure
Authors: Ovcharenko Vladimir E. , Kozulin Alexander , Akimov K.O.
Published: January 2021

This paper presents the results of the investigation of the grain structure formation in the intermetallic compound Ni3Al under conditions of its high-temperature synthesis under pressure in a powder mixture of nickel and aluminum of stoichiometric composition and the effect of grain size on the strength properties of the synthesized intermetallic compound. The grain structure was investigated by optical metallography, transmission electron microscopy, and EBSD analysis; the ultimate tensile strength of the intermetallic compound was investigated under the tension of the samples in the temperature range from 20 to 1000 °C. It was found that with a decrease in the grain size, not only does the tensile strength of the intermetallic compound multiply increases but also on the anomalous temperature dependence of the intermetallic compound strength there is a significant shift in the maximum strength value to the region of higher temperatures.
Formation of Structural-Phase State in a Cobalt-Chromium-Molybdenum Alloy by Selective Laser Melting
Authors: Saprikin A.A. , Sharkeev Yurii P. , Saprykina Natalya , Khimich Margarita , Ibragimov Egor
Published: January 2021

Heat resistant cobalt-based alloys have found a specific niche in the present-day mechanical engineering due to their unique properties. To begin with, cobalt-based alloys are used as corrosion, heat and wear resistant materials intended for aggressive environments and operation at extreme temperatures, e.g. blades, nozzles, swirlers, rings and other elements of turbines and internal combustion engines. Traditional molding methods applied in the mechanical engineering fail to provide necessary operational and technological characteristics of aforementioned machine parts. Owing to selective laser melting it is possible to reduce a production time and manufacturing costs for machine elements with a complex physical configuration and generate an alloy with an extraordinary structure, which is not found in traditionally combined compounds. A structure of cobalt exists in two crystal modifications: a hexagonal close-packed epsilon phase, a low-temperature phase and a face-centered cubic lattice gamma phase, a high-temperature phase. The alloy hardness is directly related to an amount of a low-temperature phase. The laser melting shortens a laser beam impact time on a powder composition due to a higher power and laser travelling speed. A high value of heat conductivity seems to be the reason for rapid solidification and cooling, which, in their turn, increase a percent of an alpha-martensite phase in an alloy and improve the hardness and wear resistance of machine parts. The reported paper summarizes studies aimed at the development of a stable phase structure three-component alloy (Сo-66 mass % Cr-6 mass % Mo) based on the cobalt-chromium-molybdenum system and mixed up via selective laser melting.
Calculation of Stress-Strain State and Contact Stresses in the Process of Chip Formation
Authors: Proskokov A.V. , Yanyushkin Alexander
Published: January 2021

The reported paper presents a field pattern of sliding lines in a plastic zone of flow chip formation in the process of cutting metals considered for front and rear angles on the cutting blade other than zero. Equations of sliding lines for these conditions are proposed. Using calculation data, plasticity zone border lines are plotted for positive and negative front angles. The paper suggests methods and calculation data on average stress and plane stress state components in nodal points of the plastic zone of chip formation. The study provides data for plotting distribution diagrams of normal and tangential stresses of contact stresses on work surfaces of a cutting blade.
Effect of X46Cr13 Microstructure on the Ultrasound Rate Propagation under Plastic Deformation
Authors: Shlyakhova Galina V. , Bochkareva A.V. , Barannikova Svetlana A. , Zuev L.B.
Published: January 2021

The change in ultrasound rate in the plastic deformation of high-chromium X39Cr13 stainless steel with ferrite–carbide structure (initially), martensite structure (after quenching), and sorbite structure (after high tempering) is investigated. The loading curve is different for each state. In the initial state, the loading curve is practically parabolic. In the martensitic state, linear strain hardening is the only stage. In the sorbitic state, a three-stage curve is observed. The structure of the steel after different types of heat treatment is studied by optical and scanning probe microscopy. In parallel with the recording of the loading curve, the change in properties of the ultrasound surface waves (the Rayleigh waves) in the steel under tension is measured. The structure of the steel determines not only the type of deformation curve in uniaxial extension but also the dependence of the ultrasound rate on the strain.
Intestinal IL-17R Signaling Controls Secretory IgA and Oxidase Balance in Citrobacter rodentium Infection
Authors: Matsunaga Yasuka , Clark Trevon , Wanek Alanna G. , Bitoun Jacob P. , Gong Qingqing , Good Misty , Kolls Jay K.
Published: January 2021

Type 17 cytokines have been strongly implicated in mucosal immunity, in part by regulating the production of antimicrobial peptides. Using a mouse model of Citrobacter rodentium infection, which causes colitis, we found that intestinal IL-17RA and IL-17RC were partially required for control of infection in the colon and IL-17 regulates the production of luminal hydrogen peroxide as well as expression of Tnsf13. Reduced Tnfsf13 expression was associated with a profound defect in generating C. rodentium–specific IgA+ Ab-secreting cells. Taken together, intestinal IL-17R signaling plays key roles in controlling invading pathogens, in part by regulating luminal hydrogen peroxide as well as regulating the generation of pathogen-specific IgA+ Ab-secreting cells.
Explosive Quadriceps Strength Symmetry and Landing Mechanics Limb Symmetry After Anterior Cruciate Ligament Reconstruction in Females
Authors: Huang Yu-Lun , Mulligan Colin M. S. , Johnson Sam T. , Pollard Christine , Hannigan Kim , Stutzenberger Lyndsay , Norcross Marc F.
Published: January 2021

Context

Emerging evidence suggests that a lower quadriceps rate of torque development (RTD) after anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) reconstruction (ACLR) may be associated with altered landing mechanics. However, the influence of quadriceps RTD magnitude and limb symmetry on landing mechanics limb symmetry remains unknown.

Objective

To assess the influence of quadriceps RTD magnitude and limb symmetry on limb symmetry in sagittal-plane landing mechanics during functional landing tasks in females with or without ACLR.

Design

Cross-sectional study.

Setting

Laboratory.

Patients or Other Participants

A total of 19 females with ACLR (age = 19.21 ± 1.81 years, height = 164.12 ± 6.97 cm, mass = 63.79 ± 7.59 kg, time after surgery = 20.05 ± 9.50 months) and 19 females serving as controls (age = 21.11 ± 3.28 years, height = 167.26 ± 7.26 cm, mass = 67.28 ± 9.25 kg).

Main Outcome Measure(s)

Landing mechanics were assessed during a double-legged (DL) jump-landing task, a single-legged jump-landing task, and a side-cutting task. Quadriceps RTD was collected during isometric muscle contractions. Separate stepwise multiple linear regression models were used to determine the variance in limb symmetry in the sagittal-plane knee moment at initial contact, peak vertical ground reaction force, and loading rate that could be explained by quadriceps RTD magnitude or limb symmetry, group (ACLR or control), and their interaction.

Results

In the ACLR group, greater limb symmetry in quadriceps RTD was associated with greater symmetry in sagittal-plane knee moment at initial contact during the DL task (P = .004). Peak vertical ground reaction force and loading rate could not be predicted by quadriceps RTD magnitude or limb symmetry, group, or their interaction during any task.

Conclusions

Developing greater symmetry but not magnitude in quadriceps RTD likely enabled more symmetric sagittal-plane knee landing mechanics during the DL task in the ACLR group and thus may reduce the risk of a second ACL injury. Such a protective effect was not found during the single-legged or side-cutting tasks, which may indicate that these tasks do not allow for the compensatory landing mechanism of shifting load to the uninvolved limb that was possible during the DL task.
Outcome of HER2 Testing by FISH applying
ASCO/CAP 2007 and 2013 guideline in IHC equivocal
group of breast cancer: Experience at tertiary
cancer care centre
Authors: Panigrahi Manoj Kumar , Kumar Dushyant , Mehta Anurag , Saikia Kandarpa Kumar
Published: January 2021

Background and Objectives: HER2 testing
guideline of ASCO/CAP for interpretation and
reporting has recently been revised. The study is
aimed to measure the impact of 2013 CAP guideline
on equivocal HER2 test outcome
(immunohistochemistry [IHC] 2+) when tested by
fluorescent in situ hybridization (FISH). The
study also aims at finding the frequency of
polysomy and monosomy of chromosome 17. Materials
and Methods: Specimens were collected in Rajiv
Gandhi Cancer Institute and Research Centre, New
Delhi, India. IHC was performed in every case, and
FISH was performed in IHC2+ cases. Results: In
final analysis includes 557 subjects on the basis
of CAP guideline 2007 and CAP guideline 2013. One
hundred ninety-two subjects (34.4%) were HER2
amplified according to CAP scoring 2007, and 246
subjects (44%) according to 2013 CAP scoring.
Conclusions: FISH results were evaluated (IHC2 +
interpreted according to CAP 2007 guideline) with
both 2007 and 2013 ASCO/CAP scoring criteria, we
identified significantly more HER2 positive cases
as compared to cases evaluated using the 2007
criteria (P < 0.05). We also found that in
breast carcinoma, HER2 status in the presence of
polysomy 17 may vary with the scoring criteria
used. Evaluation of FISH result using 2013
ASCO/CAP criteria means that more patients with
breast cancer may be appropriate for targeted
treatment with trastuzumab, potentially improving
their outcome.
Diffuse large B-cell lymphoma in elderly:
Experience from a tertiary care oncology center in
South India
Authors: Lokesh K.N. , Babu M.C. Suresh , Lakshmaiah K.C. , Babu K. Govind , Saldanha Smitha C. , Loknatha D. , Jacob Linu Abraham , Vishwanath S. , Premalatha C.S. , P. Kiran R.
Published: January 2021

Introduction: Diffuse large B-cell
lymphoma (DLBCL) is the most frequent non-Hodgkins
lymphoma in the elderly. With the rising
proportion of older persons in India, it is
important to study current patterns and management
of this disease, given that data in this regard
are scarce in Indian settings. The aim of this
study was to document the clinical features of
DLBCL among elderly patients and their outcome
over 7 years at a tertiary care oncology center.
Materials and Methods: This was a retrospective
records review of 119 DLBCL cases between January
2007 and January 2015 aged 60 years and above done
at Kidwai Memorial Institute of Oncology,
Bengaluru, Karnataka, India. Clinical staging was
done according to Ann Arbor staging as modified by
Cotswold's and International Prognostic Index
(IPI) calculated. Results: The mean age was 69.54
years (±5.44) with male: female ratio of 1.52:1. B
symptoms were seen in 33% of patients. Thirty-six
percent of the patients had stage II disease. The
advanced stage was seen in 12% and bulky disease
in 9.5%. Bone marrow was involved in 12%. The most
common extranodal site was the head and neck
region. The distribution according to the IPI was
as follows: Low risk 38 (31.93%), low-intermediate
risk 53 (44.54%), high-intermediate risk 20
(16.80%), and high risk 8 (6.72%). Among 119
patients, 98 (64.7%) received treatment with
either combination of rituximab, cyclophosphamide,
adriamycin, vincristine, epirubicin, and
prednisolone. Overall response rate was 63.26%
with a complete response rate of 38.77%. The
overall survival ranged from 2 to 123 months with
the median being 9.5 months. Conclusion: In
elderly, DLBCL is common in seventh decade and
most of them present in an early stage and low
IPI. The incorporation of rituximab to
anthracycline based chemotherapy shows a
significant improvement in survival in elderly
DLBCL.
18F-fluorodeoxyglucose positron emission
tomography-computed tomography scan after gastric
endoscopy in those who present with non-specific
symptoms, is it necessary or not?
Authors: Xu Haoping , Guo Rui , Xu Weihui , Pan Yanying , Ma Tao
Published: January 2021

Background and Aims: Retrospectively
analyze the sensitivity of 18F-fluorodeoxyglucose
positron emission tomography-computed tomography
(18F-FDG PET-CT) in the diagnosis of gastric
malignancy compared with gastric endoscopy in
persons with nonspecific symptoms and evaluate the
necessity of 18F-FDG PET-CT scan before surgery.
Materials and Methods: A total of 53 patients with
gastric malignancy proven by surgery and pathology
were enrolled in the study. All the patients
underwent gastric endoscopy and PET-CT scan before
surgery. And the PET-CT images were interpreted by
the observers who were blinded to the results of
the gastric endoscopy. The sensitivity of gastric
endoscopy, 18F-FDG PET-CT, and serum tumor markers
in the diagnosis of gastric malignancy were
calculated ultimately. Results: Of 53 gastric
malignancy patients, five cases were proven to be
false-negative detected by gastric endoscopy, and
the sensitivity of which was 90.57%. The
sensitivity of PET scan alone was 86.79%, which
was observed no significant difference to that of
gastric endoscopy diagnosis, P = 0.54. While all
of the patients had been detected positive on
PET-CT images, the sensitivity of which was
significantly higher than that of the gastric
endoscopy diagnosis or that of the serum tumor
markers, P < 0.001. And the FDG uptake was
positively correlated with the depth of the cancer
invasion into the gastric wall (P < 0.0001) and
the degree of lymph nodes infiltration (P = 0.02).
It also various from different differentiation
degree significantly, P = 0.04. Conclusions:
18F-fluorodeoxyglucose PET-CT could detect gastric
carcinoma in persons with nonspecific symptoms
which showed negative in gastric endoscopy. And it
is necessary to be aware of the possibility of
gastric malignancy when the result of PET-CT scan
is positive.
A Study on the Prevalence of Accidents among Under-Five Children in an Urban Field Practice Area of Mysuru
Authors: Krishnamurthy K. V. , Murthy M. R. Narayana , Kulkarni Praveen , Shree Amogha , Gopi Arun
Published: January 2021

Background:

The World Health Organization defines “Accidents as an unexpected and an unintended event causing physical and mental injuries.” In many developing countries, injuries due to accidents are one of the major causes of deaths among under-five children. In India, 15%–20% deaths among children are due to injury according to the National Crime Bureau.

Objectives:

To determine the frequency and prevalence of accidents among the under-five children and to identify the risk factors associated with accidents.

Methodology:

A cross-sectional study was conducted using probability proportionate to size sampling technique in the urban field practice area of JSS Medical College, Mysuru. Based on the reported prevalence of 46.3% of childhood injuries, a total sample size of 438 was obtained. Data related to sociodemographic characteristics, risk factors, and injury profile were collected by interviewing parents who had children less than 5 years. Analysis was done using SPSS V.25.

Results:

Majority (60.8%) of the caretakers had male children. The prevalence of accidents among under-five was 22.1%. Fall (68%) was the common type of accident. 55.7% of the under-five children received the treatment from allopathic system of medicine. Education level and stress among the caretakers showed statistically significant association with the occurrence of accidents.

Conclusion:

This study revealed the prevalence of domestic accidents among under-five as 22.1%. Caretakers are failing their responsibility of caring their children due to lack of education among them.
Guillain-Barré Syndrome and Posterior Reversible Encephalopathy Syndrome Associated with COVID-19
Authors: Chaudhary Sunil , Bhowmick Mithu , Kumawat Ashok , Singh Gaurav
Published: January 2021

On late December 2019, an epidemic of cases with unexplained pneumonia was first detected in Wuhan, China. Subsequently, the etiological agent was attributed to a novel coronavirus SARS-CoV-2, also designated as COVID-19. The disease primarily affects the respiratory tract, but involvement of the cardiovascular system, neurological system, gastrointestinal system, and renal system had been reported. Here, we report the case of a 60-year-old female who presented with progressive ascending pattern weakness of both lower limbs associated with the symptoms of severe headache and blurring of vision, which progressed to such an extent that she could only perceive light. Two weeks prior to hospitalization, she had fever, sore throat, dry cough, and myalgia. Subsequently, she tested positive for COVID-19 by? reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction and imaging, and electrodiagnostic study was performed which was suggestive of Guillain–Barré syndrome (GBS) and posterior reversible encephalopathy syndrome (PRES). She was treated with intravenous immunoglobulin and antihypertensive medications, which resulted in a dramatic improvement of her symptoms. There had been reported cases of GBS and PRES associated with COVID-19 separately. However, this may be the first case report of concurrent occurrence of both the syndromes in a patient with the novel disease.
The Outcome of Operated Neonates with an Isolated Congenital Diaphragmatic Hernia in a Limited Resource Scenario
Authors: Hassan Nibi , Sarma Vivek Parameswara
Published: January 2021

Introduction:

Congenital diaphragmatic hernia (CDH) is one of the most common neonatal emergencies, and the ideal current therapy requires high standards of neonatal care and advanced facilities. However, majority of neonates born with CDH are treated in public sector hospitals, with limitations in resources and workforce.

Objectives:

The aim of the study was to review and analyze the outcome of operated neonates with isolated CDH in a public sector hospital and medical college where a standard protocol of management was followed, considering the need for optimization of therapy in view of the resource constraints.

Materials and Methods:

A retrospective chart review and analysis of the antenatal, preoperative, operative, and postoperative records of all neonates with operated CDH during the 3-year period from June 2015 to June 2018 at the hospital was done. The standard institutional protocol being followed included preoperative stabilization, risk stratification for patient selection, early decision regarding operative intervention, and continued postoperative ventilation.

Results:

During the 3-year period, 78 children were admitted with CDH, of which 40 newborns with operated CDH were studied. The mean age at surgery was 72 h. Thirty-five of these 40 cases (87.5%) made an uneventful recovery, while mortality was 5/40 (12.5%). All mortalities (5/40) occurred during the postoperative period after 3 days due to respiratory failure while being ventilated.

Conclusion:

The strategy of a uniform protocol in the management of CDH adapted to the practical constraints of the institution yielded good results in the low-to-moderate risk group of neonatal CDH. The approach also facilitated the segregation of high-risk cases and optimal utilization of available facilities in a limited resources scenario.
Can Testosterone Alter the Degree of Hypospadias? A Comprehensive Study
Authors: Khokar Dasmit Singh , Patel Ravi Vadilal
Published: January 2021

Context:

In this study, we observed using serial injections of parenteral testosterone whether we can alter the degree of hypospadias.

Aims:

The aim was to study the effect of testosterone on different parts of the phallus in hypospadias and to see if we can alter the degree of hypospadias.

Settings and Design:

This was a prospective observational study.

Subjects and Methods:

Forty-five boys with proximal and mid-penile hypospadias below the age of puberty who did not have prior testosterone injection or surgery were recruited in this study for the duration of 1 year and given testosterone injection intramuscularly and measurement taken using Vernier caliper at regular interval followed by surgery. The follow-up was at the 1st, 3rd, and 6th months of surgery.

Results:

Of 45 patients who received intramuscular testosterone injections, 40 showed some degree of response. Of these 40 patients, 23 showed a significant improvement in phallic size, whereas 17 showed a clinically insignificant response only. Of these 23 patients, 14 improved from a mid-penile to a distal penile hypospadias, whereas 7 improved from proximal penile to mid-penile hypospadias, and 2 showed an exceptionally good response and improved from proximal penile to distal penile hypospadias, whereas 5 patients exhibited no response at all.

Conclusion:

Through this study, we can conclude that intramuscular testosterone can be effective in some patients with proximal and mid-penile hypospadias to convert them into either mid- or distal penile hypospadias by the differential response of different parts of the phallus, and this may favorably alter the type of procedure required for the hypospadias repair.
Mediastinal Extension of Pancreatic Pseudocyst
Authors: Tewari Shruti , Sushma A. , Redkar Rajeev
Published: January 2021

Pancreatic pseudocysts are cystic cavities which are localized collection of pancreatic secretions, rich in amylase and other enzymes, present in and around pancreas, encased in a false epithelial lining of fibrous or reactive granulation tissue. Extension of a pancreatic pseudocyst into the mediastinum is rare. We are reporting a case of a 5-year-old child with mediastinal pancreatic pseudocyst which was successfully drained by cystojejunostomy.
Congenital Parotid Fistula
Authors: Pattanshetti Swapnil , Menon Prema , Solanki Shailesh , Saxena Akshay
Published: January 2021

Congenital salivary gland fistulas are uncommon. They develop as a result of abnormalities of the first and second branchial arches. Operative and nonoperative methods of management have been described. We report two rare cases of congenital parotid fistula presenting to us in infancy that were managed surgically.
Bladder Mass Masquerading as Eosinophilic Cystitis in a Child
Authors: Dawman Lesa , Peters Nitin James , Tiewsoh Karalanglin , Bal Amanjeet , Sodhi Kushaljit , Samujh Ram
Published: January 2021

Eosinophilic cystitis is a rare inflammatory disease in the pediatric population with varied presentations. Diagnosis requires a high index of suspicion and cystoscopy with biopsy of the bladder mass. There are no standard treatment guidelines, however, these patients usually respond with medical management, but recurrence is a possibility. We present a case of eosinophilic cystitis in a 6-year-old boy who presented with lower urinary tract symptoms, gross hematuria, and bladder mass.
Congenital Cutaneous Peripheral Primitive Neuroectodermal Tumor (pPNET) of Scalp
Authors: Kumar Parveen , Panda Shasanka Shekhar , Singh Sarika , Sarin Yogesh Kumar
Published: January 2021

Congenital cutaneous peripheral primitive neuroectodermal tumor (pPNET) is very rare and also very rarely located in scalp. Only two cases of PNET as primary tumor in scalp are reported so far in the literature. Non mutilating surgical excision, combined with chemotherapy and radiotherapy are used in treating these rare tumors. We present the youngest case report of PNET of scalp in 10-month-old girl who was managed by surgical excision with good cosmetic outcome and disease-free 20 months post-operative period.