bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Interaksi Ekstrak Sambiloto (Andrographis paniculata (Burm.F.)Ness) dengan Glibenklamid terhadap Ekspresi Gen CYP3A4 pada Kultur Sel HepG2
Authors: Shofa Andzar Fikranus , Purba Anny Victor , Setyahadi Siswa
Published: December 2017

Diabetes melitus (DM) merupakan salah satu penyakit metabolik kronis yang ditandai dengan hiperglikemia. Berbagai terapi dilakukan untuk mengatasi hiperglikemia, baik dengan menggunakan obat antidiabetes oral maupun tanaman herbal berkhasiat antidiabetes. Sambiloto (Andrographis paniculata (Burm.F.)Nees) merupakan salah satu herbal antidiabetes yang banyak dikonsumsi masyarakat Indonesia. Andrografolida merupakan zat aktif yang terdapat dalam sambiloto yang berperan sebagai agen antidiabetes. Namun, dalam banyak kasus kombinasi antara herbal dan obat sintesis menyebabkan interaksi jika digunakan pada waktu bersamaan. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk memperoleh data interaksi ekstrak etanol herba sambiloto dengan glibenklamid terhadap ekspresi gen CYP3A4 pada kultur sel HepG2. Hasil penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa terjadi penurunan ekspresi gen CYP3A4 pada pengujian sampel tunggal maupun kombinasi antara ekstrak etanol herba sambiloto dan glibenklamid dengan bertambahnya konsentrasi. Pada konsentrasi 50 dan 100 μg/mL sambiloto, glibenklamid, dan kombinasinya menyebabkan penurunan ekspresi gen CYP3A4 sekitar 0,82, 0,70; 0,89, 0,53; 0,84, 0,72. Berdasarkan hasil tersebut dapat disimpulkan terjadi penurunan ekspresi gen CYP3A4 dengan bertambahnya konsentrasi sampel.
Analisis α-Mangostin dalam Minuman Herbal Kulit Buah Manggis (Garcinia mangostana L.) dengan Metode Kromatografi Lapis Tipis-Densitometri
Authors: Andayani Regina , Ismed Friardi
Published: December 2017

Beberapa formulasi herbal yang mengandung α-mangostin sebagai senyawa penanda pada kulit buah manggis (Garcinia mangostana L.) sekarang dipasarkan di Indonesia. Penentuan kadar senyawa penanda secara kualitatif dan kuantitatif penting untuk memastikan kualitas produk. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengembangkan metode Kromatografi Lapis Tipis (KLT) densitometri untuk menganalisis α-mangostin pada minuman herbal kulit buah manggis. Analisis dilakukan dengan TLC Scanner menggunakan Camag TLC Scanner 4 dengan software Wincats. Pelat silika gel 60 F254 (Merck) (ketebalan 20x20 cm: 200 μm) digunakan sebagai fase diam dan kloroform-etil asetat (9:1,v/v) sebagai fase gerak. Kromatogram yang dikembangkan dipindai pada 316 nm yaitu panjang gelombang serapan maksimum untuk α-mangostin. Pada kondisi ini, nilai Rf adalah 0,48. Analisis regresi data kalibrasi menunjukkan hubungan linier antara luas area di bawah puncak vs konsentrasi. Linearitas ditemukan berada pada kisaran 50-400 μg/mL. Kesesuaian metode KLT densitometri yang dikembangkan untuk estimasi α-mangostin ditetapkan dengan memvalidasinya sesuai dengan pedoman ICH. Batas deteksi (LOD) dan kuantifikasi (LOQ) untuk α-mangostin ditemukan 54,38 μg/mL dan 181,28 μg/mL. Metode yang dikembangkan ditemukan linier (r = 0,99415), tepat (RSD <1,28% dan <2,39% untuk presisi intra hari dan antar hari), dan akurat (rata-rata perolehan kembali 90,04%). Hasil analisis sampel menunjukkan bahwa sampel B dan C mengandung α-mangostin, sedangkan sampel A tidak. Rata-rata kadar yang diperoleh untuk sampel B dan C masing-masing adalah 0,040% b/v dan 0,188% b/v. Metode yang dikembangkan telah berhasil diterapkan untuk penentuan α-mangostin dalam minuman herbal kulit manggis.
IDENTIFIKASI FAKTOR-FAKTOR YANG BERPENGARUH PADA KUALITAS AIR PERUSAHAAN DAERAH AIR MINUM (PDAM) KABUPATEN WONOGIRI
Authors: Isnaini Abdullah , Sarto Sarto , Suwarni Agus
Published: December 2017

PDAM adalah institusi milik daerah yang mempunyai fungsi menyelenggarakan pelayanan air bersih bagi masyarakat, dan perlu melaksanakan pengawasan terhadap kualitas air yang diha-silkan, baik secara fisik, bakteriologis dan kimiawi. Kualitas air yang baik dapat berdampak baik pula bagi kesehatan penggunanya. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengidentifikasi faktor-faktor yang berpengaruh terhadap kualitas air PDAM Kabupaten Wonogiri, dengan melakukan studi observasional dengan rancangan cross sectional. Ada masing-masing 16 sampel air untuk pe-meriksaan air baku dan hasil olahan, dan 48 sampel untuk pemeriksaan air sambungan rumah, yaitu masing-masing 16 sampel untuk kategori jarak rumah pelanggan dekat, sedang dan jauh, dari reservoir. Pemeriksaan dilakukan di lapangan dan di laboratorium kesehatan milik Dinas Kesehatan.. Analisis data menggunakan uji Mann-Whitney dan one-way-anova untuk menge-tahui perbedaan dari kualitas air yang diperiksa dan uji Spearman-rho untuk uji korelasi. Uji-uji tersebut menggunakan taraf signifikansi (α) 0,05. Hasil penelitian menyimpulkan bahwa: 1) ku-alitas bakteriologis dengan menggunakan indikator MPN Coliform, antara air baku dan air olah-an, serta antara air olahan dan air di sambungan rumah pelanggan, ditemukan adanya perbe-daan yang signifikan, 2) kualitas kimiawi dengan menggunakan indikator kadar besi dan kesa-dahan total, antara air baku, air olahan maupun air di sambungan rumah tidak ditemukan ada-nya perbedaan yang signifikan, 3) antara jarak rumah pelanggan dengan Coliform dan kesada-han total, tidak ditemukan hubungan yang signifikan; sementara itu, antara jarak rumah pelang-gan dengan kadar besi, antara jarak rumah pelanggan dengan sisa klor, dan antara sisa klor dengan Coliform, ditemukan hubungan yang signifikan. Kualitas air secara bakteriologis belum semuanya memenuhi standar, tetapi kualitas air secara kimiawi telah sesuai dengan baku mu-tu, baik untuk air baku, air olahan maupun air sambungan rumah pelanggan
EVALUASI KONDISI SARANA SANITASI YANG DISEDIAKAN DINAS KEBUDAYAAN DAN PARIWISATA DAN TINGKAT KEPUASAN WISATAWAN PANTAI DEPOK, BANTUL, YOGYAKARTA, TAHUN 2016
Authors: Saraswati Layly Aslinda , Werdiningsih Indah , Purwanto Purwanto
Published: December 2017

Derajat kesehatan manusia dapat dipengaruhi oleh faktor lingkungan dan manusia itu sendiri. Upaya kesehatan lingkungan ditujukan untuk mewujudkan kualitas lingkungan yang sehat me-lalui penerapan sanitasi tempat-tempat umum, salah satunya sanitasi tempat wisata. Berdasar-kan uji pendahuluan diketahui ada permasalahan kondisi sarana sanitasi dan tingkat kepuasan wisatawan di Pantai Depok Bantul. Tujuan penelitian ini untuk mengetahui kondisi sarana-sarana sanitasi yang disediakan oleh Dinas Kebudayaan dan Pariwisata di pantai tersebut dan tingkat kepuasan wisatawan. Penelitian ini menggunakan metoda survei dengan desain cross sectional yang hasilnya dianalisis secara deskriptif. Ada 100 orang wisatawan yang dipilih menjadi respon-den, sementara instrumen yang digunakan adalah kuesioner inspeksi sanitasi yang menyatakan sarana sanitasi memenuhi kriteria laik sehat jika memperoleh nilai minimal 650 dari nilai masimal 1000. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa kondisi sarana sanitasi di Pantai Depok Bantul di-nyatakan “laik sehat” dengan nilai 675, sementara untuk tingkat kepuasan wisatawan diketahui yang sangat puas sebanyak 1 responden (1 %); puas, sebanyak 8 responden (8 %), cukup pu-as, sebanyak 51 responden (51 %); tidak puas, sebanyak 40 responden (40 %); dan tidak ada yang sangat tidak puas. Kondisi sarana sanitasi yang laik sehat akan meningkatkan kepuasan wisatawan yang berkunjunga ke pantai tersebut.
EGG TRAY DAUN SALAM (Eugenia polyantha)
Authors: Pertiwi Isna Bekti , Muryoto Muryoto , Amalia Rizki
Published: December 2017

Telur ayam ras merupakan salah satu makanan yang bergizi tinggi dengan rasa yang enak dan harga relatif murah serta dapat diolah menjadi berbagai macam produk makanan. Namun, telur ayam ras mentah memiliki sifat mudah menurun kualitasnya dan mudah rusak karena lama wak-tu simpan telur yang relatif pendek. Penelitian ini secara umum bertujuan untuk mengetahui pe-ngaruh penggunaan baki telur daun salam (Eugenia polyantha) terhadap lama waktu simpan telur ayam ras mentah yang dicuci dan tidak dicuci, dan secara khusus bertujuan untuk menge-tahui pengaruh perbandingan komposisi 0 %, 20 % dan 40 % dari daun salam yang digunakan. Penelitian yang dilakukan adalah true experiment dengan rancangan post test only with control group. Sebagai kontrol adalah baki telur yang biasa dijumpai di pasaran. Di setiap baki telur, pa-da suhu kamar diletakkan masing-masing 10 butir telur yang tidak dicuci dan 10 butir telur yang dicuci sebelumnya. Pengamatan lama waktu simpan telur dilakukan selama dua puluh tujuh hari dengan melihat perubahan kondisi telur-telur tersebut. Data dianalisis menggunakan uji Anova satu jalan pada α 0,05; dan hasilnya menunjukkan bahwa baki telur dengan komposisi daun salam 40 % adalah yang paling efektif dalam memperpanjang lama waktu simpan telur ayam ras mentah yang dicuci. Nilai mean difference yan dihasilkan adalah 14.00000 dan nilai p lebih kecil dari 0,001.
SANITASI TEPUNG KULIT SINGKONG
Authors: Kharisma Virgananda Ulfa , Werdiningsih Indah , Muryoto Muryoto
Published: December 2017

Limbah kulit singkong yang tidak ditangani dengan baik akan menjadi tempat berkembang-biak-nya bakteri dan kuman yang akan mengakibatkan gangguan kesehatan. Untuk mengurangi dampak negatif tersebut, karena kulit singkong masih mempunyai kandungan gizi yang cukup, maka dapat dimanfaatkan kembali sebagai tepung. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk me-ngetahui perbedaan lama waktu simpan dan penerimaan keadaan fisik (warna, bau, tekstur) dari tepung kulit singkong yang dibuat dengan empat perlakuan secara sanitasi dengan mengguna-kan 10 tahap pengolahan. Jenis penelitian yang dilakukan adalah eksperimen dengan desain post test only. Analisis dilakukan secara deskriptif dan analitik dengan uji one way Anova pada α 0,05. Kesimpulan penelitian menunjukkan bahwa secara analitik ada perbedaan rerata peneri-maan keadaan fisik (bau, warna, tekstur) tepung kulit singkong antara perlakuan P1, P2, P3 dan P4, dengan formulasi F1 sampai dengan F6. Pada perlakuan P3, formulasi F3, F4 dan F5 me-rupakan formulasi yang dapat menggantikan tepung terigu sebesar 20- 60 % dan ada perbeda-an lama waktu simpan tepung kulit singkong antar perlakuan P1, P2, P3 dan P4. Dengan meng-gunakan metoda perhitungan ESS, lama waktu simpan terlama adalah perlakuan P1, yaitu sela-ma 120 hari 18 jam.
ANALISIS KEPADATAN PENGHUNI, LUAS LANTAI DAN LUAS VENTILASI TERHADAP SUHU DAN KELEMBABAN DI RUMAH KOS PUTRI KAJOR, NOGOTIRTO, GAMPING, SLEMAN, DIY
Authors: Hasanah Nur , Husein Achmad , Sudaryanto Sigid
Published: December 2017

Kamar kos harus memenuhi persyaratan luas atau ukuran kamar, jumlah penghuni, luas ventilasi, serta suhu dan kelembaban, sesuai dengan baku mutu. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui pengaruh kepadatan penghuni, luas lantai dan luas ventilasi terhadap suhu dan kelembaban di rumah kos Putri Kajor yang berada di Nogotirto, Gamping, Sleman. Jenis penelitian yang dilakukan adalah survei dengan menggunakan desain cross sectional, yang hasilnya dianalisis secara deskriptif dan analitik. Jumlah kamar yang diteliti sebanyak 52 buah. Pengukuran kepadatan, luas lantai dan luas ventilasi menggunakan meteran, sementara pengukuran suhu dan kelembaban menggunakan termohigrometer. Secara deskriptif, hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa kamar yang memenuhi syarat kepadatan penghuni 5 buah (9,6 %), memenuhi syarat luas lantai 5 buah (9,6 %), memenuhi syarat luas ventilasi 49 kamar (94,2 %), memenuhi syarat suhu 52 buah (100 %), dan tidak ada yang memenuhi syarat kelembaban. Hasil analisis statistik pada taraf signifikan 5 % meyimpulkan bahwa kepadatan penghuni, luas lantai dan luas ventilasi berpengaruh terhadap suhu (nilai p = 0,019), namun tidak berpengaruh terhadap kelembaban (nilai p = 0,513).
Pasir Vulkanik sebagai Media Filtrasi dalam Pengolahan Air Bersih Sederhana untuk Menurunkan Kandungan Besi (Fe), Mangan (Mn) dan Kekeruhan Air Sumur Gali
Authors: Kurniawati Silviana Dwi , Santjoko Herman , Husein Achmad
Published: December 2017

Air merupakan komponen utama baik dalam tanaman maupun hewan termasuk manusia, masyarakat di Kabupaten Bantul, khususnya Pedukuhan Bantul Krajan, Desa Bantul, Kecamatan Bantul, Bantul, Daerah Istimewa Yogyakarta memanfaatkan sumur sebagai sumber utama persediaan air bersih. Masalah yang sering dihadapi oleh masyarakat yaitu tingginya kadar besi dan mangan di dalam air yang menyebabkan kualitas fisik air menurun, air menjadi keruh dan berbau amis. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui penurunan kandungan Besi (Fe), Mangan (Mn) dan Kekeruhan pada air sumur gali dengan pengolahan air sederhana dan manfaat pasir vulkanik sebagai media filtrasi terhadap penurunan kandungan Besi (Fe), Mangan (Mn) dan Kekeruhan pada air sumur gali. Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian Experiment dengan desain penelitian Pre test - Post test with Control Group Design menggunakan 5 pengulangan. Sedangkan untuk menguji hipotesis data yang diperoleh diuji secara deskriptif yang kemudian diuji secara analitik menggunakan statistik uji T-test terikat dengan program SPSS 16.0 for Windows. Hasil penelitian dari pengolahan air sederhana menggunakan media pasir vulkanik mampu menurunkan kandungan Fe sebesar 1,34 mg/l, kandungan Mn sebesar 0,6 mg/l dan penurunan kekeruhan sebesar 11,51 NTU. Berdasarkan pengujian statistik dinyatakan bahwa ada penurunan yang bermakna antara pretest dan posttest kadar besi (Fe), mangan (Mn) dan kekeruhan yang ditunjukkan dengan nilai Sig. < 0,05. Dengan demikian diketahui bahwa untuk menghilangkan zat besi, mangan dan kekeruhan yang berbentuk senyawa organik dan koloid cukup dilakukan pengolahan air sederhana yaitu koagulasi dilanjutkan dengan proses filtrasi menggunakan media pasir vulkanik yang memiliki sifat porous, mudah diperoleh dan harganya relatif murah.
Uji Antibakteri Ekstrak Metanol Kulit Buah Manggis (garcinia mangostana l.) Terhadap Staphyllococcus aureus dan Escherechia coli
Authors: Sujono Sujono , Nuryati Anik
Published: December 2017

Alfa mangostin, gamma-mangostin and xanthone group compounds are secondary metabolites contained in mangosteen (G. mangostana L.) which can be isolated from the fruit, bark, leaves and rind of mangosteen. All three compounds were shown to inhibit stronger against Mycobacterium tuberculosis. Alfa mangostin also active against Staphylococcus aureus and Enterococcus bacteria that are resistant to vancomisin and methicillin. Objective of this study to determine the antibacterial activity of methanol extract of mangosteen rind against Staphyllococcus aureus and Escherechia coli in vitro.
Antibacterial activity test used is the diffusion wells and paper disc diffusion method. The test results obtained antibacterial activity of methanol extract of mangosteen rind can inhibit the growth of Staphyllococcus aureus at a concentration of 16%, but below its resistance zone diameter Cyprofloxacin. As against Escherichia coli, the methanol extract of mangosteen rind could not inhibit the growth of bacteria.
Kajian Aktivitas Antikanker Ekstrak Daun Gude (cajanus cajan) Terhadap Sel Kanker Kolon Secara in Vitro
Authors: Rahayu Muji , Roosmarinto Roosmarinto
Published: December 2017

Colorectal cancer is one of the five type of highest insiden in Indonesia. One of development cancer therapeutics directed to combination of chemotherapeutic agent and chemopreventive compounds. One approach to finding a chemopreventive compounds is through the exploration of natural ingredient especialy herbs. Flavonoids is group of compounds from plants that have been widely studied as anti-cancer activity. Leave of pigeonpea (Cajanus cajan) is, kind of Legumes plants rich in flavonoids among others cajanol, quercetin, luteolin, apigenin formonentin, vitexin, orientin, biochanin A, pinostrobin, dan isorhamnetin. This study aims to determine the content of chemical compounds in the methanol extract of leave pigeon pea that has anticancer activity using WiDr colorectal cancer cells with MTT (3-(4, 5-dimethylthiazolyl-2)-2, 5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide) method, followed by flowcytometry test. The result of the cytotoxicity test of methanol extract of pigeonpea leaves have IC50 of 307 ug/ml and with flowcytometry method showed necrosis WiDr cell.
Gambaran Sedimen Urine Pada Masyarakat Yang Mengkonsumsi Air Pegunungan Di Kecamatan Kendari Barat Kota Kendari
Authors: Mongan Ruth , Supiati Supiati , Mangiri Susi
Published: December 2017

Air yang bersih dan sehat merupakan kualifikasi yang sangat diperlukan untuk pemenuhan kebutuhan manusia. Air harus mempunyai persyaratan khusus agar air tersebut tidak menimbulkan penyakit bagi manusia. Air pegunungan yang dikonsumsi masyarakat Kelurahan Sodoha Kota Kendari, pada umumnya memiliki kualitas yang baik, tetapi dapat berubah kualitasnya karena berbagai faktor. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui gambaran sedimen urin pada masyarakat yang mengkonsumsi air pegunungan di Kecamatan Kendari Barat Kota Kendari.Jenis penelitian adalah deskriptif, dengan menentukan prosentase sedimen urin masyarakat yang mengkonsumsi air pegunungan melalui pemeriksaan laboratorium. Jumlah sampel dalam penelitian ini adalah 30 Kepala Keluarga yang tinggal di Kelurahan Sodohoa Kecamatan Kendari Barat Kota Kendari, dengan teknik pengambilan simple random sampling (sampel acak secara sederhana). Berdasarkan hasil penelitian, ditemukan prosentase sedimen urin abnormal, yaitu leuokosit dan eritrosit 6,7 %, epitel 23,3 %, silinder, kalsium oksalat, asam urat, dan bakteri masing-masing 3, 3 %. Kesimpulan dari penelitian menunjukkan adanya sedimen organik yang meliputi, leukosit, eritrosit, silinder, epitel dan bakteri pada masyarakat yang mengkonsumsi air pegunungan Kelurahan Sodohoa Kecamatan Kendari Barat Kota Kendari.
Authors: Susanti Ida , Handayani Sarwo , Ekowatiningsih Riyanti , Prasetyorini Budi , A Yusnita Endah , Ardianto Donni Agus , K Widjaya Sastra
Published: December 2017

Malaria masih menjadi masalah kesehatan yang utama diindonesia dan dunia, sampai saat ini teknik dalam mengidentifikasi parasit malaria masih menjadi tantangan peneliti untuk dikembangkan.  Malaria pada manusia dapat dideteksi dengan menggunakan beberapa cara yaitu secara mikroskopis, serologi, PCR, dan teknik lainnya. Standar baku pemeriksaan malaria adalah mikroskopis dengan cahaya polikromatis yaitu lampu halogen atau Light Emitting Dioda (LED) yang mengidentifikasi morfologi dan jejak hemozoin pada tahapan lanjutan perkembangan parasite malaria. Teknik microscope sangat handal untuk dilakukan di daerah terpencil, namun kelemahan dari deteksi mikroskopis adalah kurang efisien waktu dan adanya artefak pada apusan darah dikarenakan objek dalam darah ataupun kotoran saat pembuatan apusan darah, hal ini sangat berpengaruh terhadap hasil analsis dari gambar. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk merancang alat dengan memodifikasi mikroskop yang digabungkan dengan otomatisasi perekaman dan pergerakan meja preparat serta pencahayaan sinar laser untuk mengurangi waktu pembacaan dan mengurangi kesalahan baca akibat artefak pada slide. Penelitian dilakukan dalam dua tahap yaitu modifikasi mikroskop dengan pergerakan meja preparat menggunakan mikrokontroler dan perekaman webcam serta modifikasi pencahayaan menggunakan cahaya monokromatis dari cahaya Laser dengan panjang gelombang 402nm (violet), 532nm (hijau) dan 650nm (merah) dengan kekuatan intensitas yang berbeda. Hasil penelitian menunjukan bahwa modifikasi mikroskop dengan pergerakan meja preparat dan penggunaan cahaya Laser hijau dan laser biru dengan rentang intensitas diatas 40 mW dapat menghasilkan gambaran parasit yang baik dan dapat dibaca oleh analis mikroskopis. Hasil uji perbedaan dan uji korelasi secara statistik didapatkan bahwa gambaran morfologi parasit pada tiap-tiap hapusan darah yang dilihat menggunakan mikroskop dengan cahaya polikromatis menggunakan LED dan cahaya monokromatis didapatkan bahwa tidak cukup bermakna, baik pada hapusan darah tebal ataupun tipis.
A RESPONSABILIDADE EXTRACONTRATUAL DAS INSTITUIÇÕES FINANCEIRAS NA CONCESSÃO DE CRÉDITO FRENTE AO IMPULSO CONSUMISTA
Authors: Sacchq Bruno César Costa , Oliveira Luiz Fernando de
Published: December 2017

Neste trabalho buscamos demonstrar a importância do crédito na sociedade, considerando as grandes possibilidades de aquisição que ele viabiliza, atendendo ao princípio da dignidade humana no que tange à qualidade de vida, moradia e locomoção, por exemplo, mas por outro lado, quando é realizado sem a devida orientação e estudo da saúde financeira do consumidor, pode ocorrer o fenômeno do superendividamento, momento em que o crédito revela sua outra face, que é capaz de levar o consumidor a uma situação que fere o mesmo  princípio da dignidade humana e põe em xeque o mínimo existencial. A economia não é dinâmica sem o crédito e o consumo fica restrito ou até mesmo inviabilizado, mas deve haver muita sabedoria no momento de contratação de um compromisso financeiro. Este artigo demonstrará o posicionamento do Estado e também das instituições financeiras quanto aos empréstimos, visto que o consumidor, em sua maioria, contrata empréstimos sem a ciência dos juros que serão cobrados e do risco a que ele estará exposto submetendo-se a esta obrigação. Analisaremos a intervenção do Estado na proteção ao consumidor através da lei 8.078/90, o Código de Defesa do Consumidor e também os portais de educação financeira, dos bancos associados à FEBRABAN, que elaboraram o normativo de credito responsável, autorregulação dos bancos na conduta de análise de crédito, nas propagandas e divulgação de produtos e serviços e conscientização do consumidor quanto aos empréstimos, taxas e tudo que envolve sua saúde financeira.
Bainite and Superbainite in Long Products and Forged Applications*
Authors: Sourmail T.
Published: December 2017

There is no discussion that bainite has been under the spotlight of both academic research and industrial developments in the steel industry for the past 30 years. Bainitic forging steels have long been promised to a bright future with many examples already discussed in the mid-1980s. Thirty years later, it is interesting to see whether these materials have held up to expectations and what is their current status as hot forging steel grades. Successes and difficulties are discussed over the experience at Ascometal in designing and producing bainitic steels. Further from but getting perhaps closer to industrial applications, the topic of “nanostructured” bainite or “superbainite” has attracted considerable attention over the past 15 years. Recent efforts have focused on evaluating the performances of such materials for various applications, beyond looking at basic tensile strength. This implies understanding the tensile ductility, fatigue properties and wear resistance of such materials for example, but also comparing the results to existing steel grades and other manufacturing methods, and considering the costs of the different alternatives. An overview of some recent results is provided, and collateral benefits in the investigations of these materials are also presented.
Synthesis of Chromeno[3,4-c]Pyrazole from N-Tosylhydrazones and 3-Nitro-2-Phenyl-2H-Chromene
Authors: Fu Xinliang , Li Haotao , Ren Demin , Li Xiaofang
Published: December 2017

The intermolecular 1,3-dipolar cycloaddition of N-tosylhydrazones and 3-nitro-2-phenyl-2 H-chromene afforded 1-aryl-4-phenyl-2,4-dihydro-chromeno[3,4- c]pyrazoles in moderate to good yields. The structures of all the products were characterised by NMR, IR, HRMS and X-ray crystallographic analysis.
Registration of Oilseed Sunflower Restorer Germplasms RHA 476 and RHA 477, Adapted for Short Season Environments
Authors: Hulke Brent S. , May William E.
Published: December 2017

Northward expansion and double crop use of sunflower (Helianthus annuus L.) is limited by the lack of commercial hybrids with early maturity. We seek to provide the sunflower industry with new, early‐maturing restorer inbred germplasms with high yield potential and favorable agronomic and seed oil traits, specifically, resistance to downy mildew, tolerance to postemergent herbicides such as the imidazolinones, and increased oleic acid in the seed oil. RHA 476 (Reg. No. GP‐344, PI 682129) and RHA 477 (Reg. No. GP‐345, PI 682130) are restorer inbred germplasms developed by pedigree selection and testcross evaluation that can fill this need. RHA 476 possesses high yield potential and high oleic acid (≥850 g kg−1) in the seed oil. RHA 477 possesses high yield potential, downy mildew resistance conditioned by PlARG, and imidazolinone herbicide tolerance. These lines were released by the USDA‐ARS, Fargo, ND, in collaboration with Agriculture and Agri‐Food Canada, Indian Head, SK, to fill the need for publicly available lines with early maturity in a high‐yielding genetic background.
Assessing Working Memory in Mild Cognitive Impairment with Serial Order Recall
Authors: Emrani Sheina , Libon David J. , Lamar Melissa , Price Catherine C. , Jefferson Angela L. , Gifford Katherine A. , Hohman Timothy J. , Nation Daniel A. , Delano-Wood Lisa , Jak Amy , Bangen Katherine J. , Bondi Mark W. , Brickman Adam M. , Manly Jennifer , Swenson Rodney , Au Rhoda ,   on behalf of the Consortium for Clinical and Epidemiological Neuropsychological Data Analysis (CENDA)
Published: December 2017

Background:

Working memory (WM) is often assessed with serial order tests such as repeating digits backward. In prior dementia research using the Backward Digit Span Test (BDT), only aggregate test performance was examined.

Objective:

The current research tallied primacy/recency effects, out-of-sequence transposition errors, perseverations, and omissions to assess WM deficits in patients with mild cognitive impairment (MCI).

Methods:

Memory clinic patients ( n = 66) were classified into three groups: single domain amnestic MCI (aMCI), combined mixed domain/dysexecutive MCI (mixed/dys MCI), and non-MCI where patients did not meet criteria for MCI. Serial order/WM ability was assessed by asking participants to repeat 7 trials of five digits backwards. Serial order position accuracy, transposition errors, perseverations, and omission errors were tallied.

Results:

A 3 (group)×5 (serial position) repeated measures ANOVA yielded a significant group×trial interaction. Follow-up analyses found attenuation of the recency effect for mixed/dys MCI patients. Mixed/dys MCI patients scored lower than non-MCI patients for serial position 3 ( p < 0.003) serial position 4 ( p < 0.002); and lower than both group for serial position 5 (recency; p < 0.002). Mixed/dys MCI patients also produced more transposition errors than both groups ( p < 0.010); and more omissions ( p < 0.020), and perseverations errors ( p < 0.018) than non-MCI patients.

Conclusions:

The attenuation of a recency effect using serial order parameters obtained from the BDT may provide a useful operational definition as well as additional diagnostic information regarding working memory deficits in MCI.
RETRACTED: Evaluation of Chronic Nanosilver Toxicity to Adult Zebrafish
Authors: Pecoraro Roberta , Marino Fabio , Salvaggio Antonio , Capparucci Fabiano , Di Caro Gianfranco , Iaria Carmelo , Salvo Andrea , Rotondo Archimede , Tibullo Daniele , Guerriero Giulia , Scalisi Elena M. , Zimbone Massimo , Impellizzeri Giuliana , Brundo Maria V.
Published: December 2017

Nanotechnology is rapidly growing with nanoparticles produced and utilized in a wide range of commercial products worldwide. Among the different types of nanomaterials produced, silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) occupy a predominant position and they are used in electronics, clothing, food industry, cosmetics and medical devices. Nanosilver has also showed excellent performance in antibacterial application. Nowadays, the increasing use of AgNPs has put the evidence on their possible toxicity to the human health and the impact on the environment. This paper focus on adverse effects of AgNPs in adult of Danio rerio. Fishes exposed to increasing concentrations (8, 45, and 70 μg/l) silver nanoparticles (AgNPs, 25 nm in average diameter) and after treatment for 30 days, was quickly euthanized in MS-222. We have evaluated bioaccumulation of AgNPs using ICP-MS and analyzed histological changes, biomarkers of oxidative damage and gene expression in the gut, liver and gills tissues of AgNPs-treated zebrafish. The histological analysis showed lesions of secondary lamellae of the gills with different degrees of toxicity such as hyperplasia, lamellar fusion, subepithelial edema, and even in some cases telangiectasia. Huge necrosis of the intestinal villi was found in the gut. No lesion was detected in the liver. The analysis revealed a high expression of metallothioneins 1 (MTs 1) in animals exposed to AgNPs compared to the control group. The ICP-MS analysis shows that the amount of particles absorbed in all treated samples is almost the same. We can affirm that AgNPs toxicity linked more to their size and state of aggregation than to their concentrations. Silver nanoparticles can damage gills and gut because they are able to pass through the mucosal barrier thanks to their small size. The damage is still reversible because it is not documented injury to the basal membrane.
Adverse Effects of Amoxicillin for Acute Lower Respiratory Tract Infection in Primary Care: Secondary and Subgroup Analysis of a Randomised Clinical Trial
Authors: Tandan Meera , Vellinga Akke , Bruyndonckx Robin , Little Paul , Verheij Theo , Butler Chris , Goossens Herman , Coenen Samuel
Published: December 2017

A European placebo-controlled trial of antibiotic treatment for lower respiratory tract infection (LRTI) conducted in 16 primary care practices networks recruited participants between November 2007 and April 2010, and found adverse events (AEs) occurred more often in patients prescribed amoxicillin compared to placebo. This secondary analysis explores the causal relationship and estimates specific AEs (diarrhoea, nausea, rash) due to amoxicillin treatment for LRTI, and if any subgroup is at increased risk of any or a specific AE. A total of 2061 patients were randomly assigned to amoxicillin (1038) and placebo (1023); 595 (28%) were 60 and older. A significantly higher proportion of any AEs (diarrhoea or nausea or rash) (OR = 1.31, 95% CI 1.05–1.64, number needed to harm (NNH) = 24) and of diarrhoea (OR 1.43 95% CI 1.08–1.90, NNH = 29) was reported in the amoxicillin group during the first week after randomisation. Subgroup analysis showed rash was significantly more often reported in males prescribed amoxicillin (interaction term 3.72 95% CI 1.22–11.36; OR of amoxicillin in males 2.79 (95% CI 1.08–7.22). No other subgroup at higher risk was identified. Although the study was not powered for subgroup analysis, this analysis suggests that most patients are likely to be equally harmed when prescribed antibiotics.
Highly Doped Phosphate Glass Fibers for Compact Lasers and Amplifiers: A Review
Authors: Boetti Nadia , Pugliese Diego , Ceci-Ginistrelli Edoardo , Lousteau Joris , Janner Davide , Milanese Daniel
Published: December 2017

In recent years, the exploitation of compact laser sources and amplifiers in fiber form has found extensive applications in industrial and scientific fields. The fiber format offers compactness, high beam quality through single-mode regime and excellent heat dissipation, thus leading to high laser reliability and long-term stability. The realization of devices based on this technology requires an active medium with high optical gain over a short length to increase efficiency while mitigating nonlinear optical effects. Multicomponent phosphate glasses meet these requirements thanks to the high solubility of rare-earth ions in their glass matrix, alongside with high emission cross-sections, chemical stability and high optical damage threshold. In this paper, we review recent advances in the field thanks to the combination of highly-doped phosphate glasses and innovative fiber drawing techniques. We also present the main performance achievements and outlook both in continuous wave (CW) and pulsed mode regimes.
Wearable Vibration Based Computer Interaction and Communication System for Deaf
Authors: Yağanoğlu Mete , Köse Cemal
Published: December 2017

In individuals with impaired hearing, determining the direction of sound is a significant problem. The direction of sound was determined in this study, which allowed hearing impaired individuals to perceive where sounds originated. This study also determined whether something was being spoken loudly near the hearing impaired individual. In this manner, it was intended that they should be able to recognize panic conditions more quickly. The developed wearable system has four microphone inlets, two vibration motor outlets, and four Light Emitting Diode (LED) outlets. The vibration of motors placed on the right and left fingertips permits the indication of the direction of sound through specific vibration frequencies. This study applies the ReliefF feature selection method to evaluate every feature in comparison to other features and determine which features are more effective in the classification phase. This study primarily selects the best feature extraction and classification methods. Then, the prototype device has been tested using these selected methods on themselves. ReliefF feature selection methods are used in the studies; the success of K nearest neighborhood (Knn) classification had a 93% success rate and classification with Support Vector Machine (SVM) had a 94% success rate. At close range, SVM and two of the best feature methods were used and returned a 98% success rate. When testing our wearable devices on users in real time, we used a classification technique to detect the direction and our wearable devices responded in 0.68 s; this saves power in comparison to traditional direction detection methods. Meanwhile, if there was an echo in an indoor environment, the success rate increased; the echo canceller was disabled in environments without an echo to save power. We also compared our system with the localization algorithm based on the microphone array; the wearable device that we developed had a high success rate and it produced faster results at lower cost than other methods. This study provides a new idea for the benefit of deaf individuals that is preferable to a computer environment.
Report of the 2017 IEEE Cyber Science and Technology Congress
Authors: Zhao Wenbing , Ma Jianhua , Wang Kevin , Wang Jun
Published: December 2017

The modern digitized world has led to the emergence of a new paradigm on global information networks and infrastructures known as Cyberspace and the studies of Cybernetics, which bring seamless integration of physical, social and mental spaces. Cyberspace is becoming an integral part of our daily life from learning and entertainment to business and cultural activities. As expected, this whole concept of Cybernetics brings new challenges that need to be tackled. The 2017 IEEE Cyber Science and Technology Congress (CyberSciTech 2017) provided a forum for researchers to report their research findings and exchange ideas. The congress took place in Orlando, Florida, USA during 6–10 November 2017. Not counting poster papers, the congress accepted over fifty papers that are divided into nine sessions. In this report, we provide an overview of the research contributions of the papers in CyberSciTech 2017.
Removal of NOX Using Hydrogen Peroxide Vapor over Fe/TiO2 Catalysts and an Absorption Technique
Authors: Chen Lei , Li Yuxin , Zhao Qinxin , Wang Yungang , Liang Zhiyuan , Lu Qiang
Published: December 2017

In this study, we proposed an innovative oxidation–absorption method for low-temperature denitrification (160–240 °C), in which NO is initially catalytically oxidized by hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) vapor over titania-based catalysts, and the oxidation products are then absorbed by NaOH solution. The effects of flue gas temperature, molar H2O2/NO ratio, gas hourly space velocity (GHSV), and Fe substitution amounts of Fe/TiO2 catalysts on the denitrification efficiency were investigated by a well-designed experiment. The results indicated that the Fe/TiO2 catalyst exhibited a combination of remarkable activity and deep oxidation ability (NO converted into harmless NO3−). In order to comprehend the functional mechanism of the Fe dopant’s local environment in TiO2 support, the promotional effect of the calcination temperature of Fe/TiO2 on the denitration performance was also studied. A tentative synergetic mechanism could be interpreted from two aspects: (1) Fe3+ as a substitute of Ti4+, leading to the formation of enriched oxygen vacancies at the surface, could significantly improve the adsorption efficiency of •OH; (2) the isolated surface Fe ion holds a strong adsorption affinity for NO, such that the adsorbed NO could be easily oxidized by the pre-formed •OH. This process offers a promising alternative for current denitrification technology.
Risk Factors Associated with Preterm Neonatal Mortality: A Case Study Using Data from Mt. Hope Women’s Hospital in Trinidad and Tobago
Authors: Cupen Karen , Barran Annabel , Singh Virendra , Dialsingh Isaac
Published: December 2017

Preterm neonatal mortality contributes significantly to the high incidence of death among children under five years of age. Neonatal mortality also serves as an indicator of maternal health in society. The aim of the study is to examine the risk factors for preterm neonatal mortality at the neonatal intensive care unit (NICU) at Mount Hope Women’s Hospital in Trinidad and Tobago (MHWH). In this retrospective study, we included infants (N = 129), born < 37 weeks gestational age, between 1 January and 31 December 2015. Two binary logistic regression models (infant and maternal variables) were constructed to identify predictors of preterm neonatal mortality. Roughly 12% of the infants died after being admitted to the NICU. The binary logistic regression (infant model) had an excellent fit (area under the curve (AUC): 0.904, misclassification rate: 11.7%) whilst the maternal binary logistic model had a fair fit (AUC: 0.698). Birth weight, length of time on the ventilator and obstetric complications proved to significantly influence the odds of preterm neonatal death. The estimated models show that improvement in neonatal as well as maternal variables has direct impact on preterm neonatal mortality.
Trend of Outbreak of Thermal Illness Patients Based on Temperature 2002–2013 in Korea
Authors: Kim Jungeun , Song Kyoung , Hong Ki , Ro Young
Published: December 2017

Climate change can have serious impacts on human health, resulting in increased healthcare utilization. Many studies on the relationship between mortality and temperature exist, but few studies focus on heat related outbreaks. Our objective was to verify the relationship between ambient temperature and heat related illnesses during the summer months. This study analyzed the National Health Insurance Service (NHIS) database. Patients with an ICD-10 code T67 (Effects of Heat and Light) presenting between May and September were included. Generalized additive models (GAM) were used to determine the association between ambient temperature and heat related illnesses including differences by region and patient age. A total of 335,759 patients with heat related illnesses were identified from 2002 to 2013. The number of heat related illnesses increased from 14,994 in 2002 to 29,332 in 2013. For every 1 °C increase in the daily temperature above 29.5 °C, the number of patients with heat related illnesses also increased (RR 1.060; 95% CI, 1.059 to 1.061). In addition, a higher association between temperature and outbreaks of heat related to elderly patients (RR 1.084; 95% CI, 1.081 to 1.086) and rural patients (RR 1.229; 95% CI, 1.208 to 1.251) was identified. The association between the daily maximum temperature and outbreaks of heat related illness is identified. The number of patients with heat related illnesses increased over the years and was especially noted in elderly and rural patients.
Thermal Stability of Epitaxial Graphene Electrodes for Conductive Polymer Nanofiber Devices
Authors: Kim Kyung , Lara-Avila Samuel , He Hans , Kang Hojin , Park Yung , Yakimova Rositsa , Kubatkin Sergey
Published: December 2017

We used large area, monolayer graphene epitaxially grown on SiC (0001) as contact electrodes for polymer nanofiber devices. Our fabrication process, which avoids polymer resist residues on the graphene surface, results in graphene-polyaniline nanofiber devices with Ohmic contacts and electrical conductivity comparable to that of Au-nanofiber devices. We further checked the thermal stability of the graphene contacts to polyaniline devices by annealing up to T = 800 °C, the temperature at which polyaniline nanofibers are carbonized but the graphene electrode remains intact. The thermal stability and Ohmic contact of polymer nanofibers are demonstrated here, which together with the chemical stability and atomic flatness of graphene, make epitaxial graphene on SiC an attractive contact material for future all-carbon electronic devices.
Choosing between Higher Moment Maximum Entropy Models and Its Application to Homogeneous Point Processes with Random Effects
Authors: Khribi Lotfi , MacGibbon Brenda , Fredette Marc
Published: December 2017

In the Bayesian framework, the usual choice of prior in the prediction of homogeneous Poisson processes with random effects is the gamma one. Here, we propose the use of higher order maximum entropy priors. Their advantage is illustrated in a simulation study and the choice of the best order is established by two goodness-of-fit criteria: Kullback–Leibler divergence and a discrepancy measure. This procedure is illustrated on a warranty data set from the automobile industry.
Entropy and Compression Capture Different Complexity Features: The Case of Fetal Heart Rate
Authors: Monteiro-Santos João , Gonçalves Hernâni , Bernardes João , Antunes Luís , Nozari Mohammad , Costa-Santos Cristina
Published: December 2017

Entropy and compression have been used to distinguish fetuses at risk of hypoxia from their healthy counterparts through the analysis of Fetal Heart Rate (FHR). Low correlation that was observed between these two approaches suggests that they capture different complexity features. This study aims at characterizing the complexity of FHR features captured by entropy and compression, using as reference international guidelines. Single and multi-scale approaches were considered in the computation of entropy and compression. The following physiologic-based features were considered: FHR baseline; percentage of abnormal long (%abLTV) and short (%abSTV) term variability; average short term variability; and, number of acceleration and decelerations. All of the features were computed on a set of 68 intrapartum FHR tracings, divided as normal, mildly, and moderately-severely acidemic born fetuses. The correlation between entropy/compression features and the physiologic-based features was assessed. There were correlations between compressions and accelerations and decelerations, but neither accelerations nor decelerations were significantly correlated with entropies. The %abSTV was significantly correlated with entropies (ranging between −0.54 and −0.62), and to a higher extent with compression (ranging between −0.80 and −0.94). Distinction between groups was clearer in the lower scales using entropy and in the higher scales using compression. Entropy and compression are complementary complexity measures.
Distribution and Presence of Polymers in Porous Media
Authors: Zhao Juan , Fan Hongfu , You Qing , Jia Yi
Published: December 2017

In order to better utilize the residual polymers formed after polymer flooding, the distribution and the presence of the polymers after polymer flooding were studied. This paper studied the vertical and plane distribution of the hydrophobically-associating polymer in addition to measuring the parameters after polymer flooding, which is important for numerical reservoir simulation. The results showed that the polymers mainly enter into the high permeability zone and distribute in the mainstream line area with only a small portion in the wing area. Based on the comparison of various experimental methods, double-slug experiments were chosen to measure the inaccessible pore volume and retention, which is considered to be the most accurate, most time-consuming and most complex method. Following this, we improved the processing method of experimental data by reducing it to one experiment with two parameters. At the same time, we further enhanced the accuracy of the experimental results. The results show that at 1750 mg/L, the inaccessible pore volume of the polymer is 25.8%. When the detention is 68.2 µg/g, the inaccessible pore volume constituted 22% of the total polymer, with the other 77.7% being the dissolved polymer. Moreover, the static adsorption and dynamic detention were measured, with the results showing that the static adsorption is larger than dynamic detention. Therefore, in the numerical reservoir simulation, using the static adsorption capacity instead of the dynamic detention is unreasonable. The double-slug method was chosen since it is more accurate for the determination of various parameters. Meanwhile, in order to enhance the accuracy of results, we improved the treatment of data.
Effect on Vehicle Turbocharger Exhaust Gas Energy Utilization for the Performance of Centrifugal Compressors under Plateau Conditions
Authors: Zhang Hong , Zhang Hang , Wang Zhuo
Published: December 2017

This paper is focused on the performance of centrifugal compressors for vehicle turbochargers operating at high altitude. The reasons for turbocharged diesel engine power loss increases and bad economy performance caused by exhaust gas energy utilization are investigated. The atmosphere’s impact on the turbocharger centrifugal compressor’s energy distribution characteristics under the plateau is discussed. The key parameters that affect compressor characteristics are concluded in a theoretical method. A simulation calculation model is established to accurately predict compressor performance at high altitude. By comparing the experimental results, the calculation results are validated. The details of the internal flow fields analysis, including critical parameters of a compressor operating at high altitude, are analyzed. The results show that with the increase of altitude from 0 m to 4500 m, the peak efficiency of the compressor is reduced by 2.4%, while the peak pressure ratio is increased by 7%. The main influence characters of the plateau environment on the turbocharger centrifugal compressor performance, such as blade loads, exergy utilization and entropy distribution are concluded. The key factors for compressor performance and compressor energy flow control design method operated at high altitude are obtained.
A Wind Power Plant with Thermal Energy Storage for Improving the Utilization of Wind Energy
Authors: Liu Chang , Cheng Mao-Song , Zhao Bing-Chen , Dai Zhi-Min
Published: December 2017

The development of the wind energy industry is seriously restricted by grid connection issues and wind energy generation rejections introduced by the intermittent nature of wind energy sources. As a solution of these problems, a wind power system integrating with a thermal energy storage (TES) system for district heating (DH) is designed to make best use of the wind power in the present work. The operation and control of the system are described in detail. A one-dimensional system model of the system is developed based on a generic model library using the object-oriented language Modelica for system modeling. Validations of the main components of the TES module are conducted against experimental results and indicate that the models can be used to simulate the operation of the system. The daily performance of the integrated system is analyzed based on a seven-day operation. And the influences of system configurations on the performance of the integrated system are analyzed. The numerical results show that the integrated system can effectively improve the utilization of total wind energy under great wind power rejection.