bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Formação nas artes cênicas em Portugal: a preparação corporal do intérprete em diferentes tipologias de ensino
 [Ana Cristina D’Andrea Galmarino]
Authors: Teatro & Dança REPERTÓRIO:
Published: April 2018

Este artigo, realizado através da participação nos Seminários Transculturais Corpo e Cena na Contemporaneidade, promovidos pelo PPGAC da UFBA, tem como ponto de partida o estudo intitulado Formação e profissionalidade nas artes cénicas, interfaces das dimensões pedagógica, artística e sócio-cultural: tendências actuais em Portugal, concretizado entre os anos de 2002 e 2008 no âmbito do Doutoramento em Ciências da Educação, ramo Educação e Desenvolvimento, na Faculdade de Ciências Sociais e Humanas da Universidade Nova de Lisboa, com orientação do Professor Doutor Sérgio Grácio2. Em tal estudo exploramos a apreensão sociológica de práticas artísticas e artísticoformativas em Portugal, articulada com uma abordagem pedagógica da formação nas artes cénicas, com a finalidade de analisar as suas implicações no desenvolvimento local. Para o presente artigo seleccionamos tópicos relacionados com a actividade de escolas que respondem pelo ensino das artes cénicas, evidenciando projectos formativos e abordagens do corpo.
Pássaros juninos do Pará: a matutagem e suas relações com o cômico popular medieval e renascentista
[Marton Maués]
Authors: Repertório Teatro & Dança
Published: April 2018

Apresenta-se e discute-se o aspecto mais caracteristicamente cômico, representado pelas personagens dos matutos, na vertente mais urbana do centenário e muito singular fenômeno paraense, dos pássaros juninos, conhecida como Pássaro Melodrama Fantasia.

It presents and discusses the most characteristically comical aspect, represented by the characters of hillbillies in the more urban part of the centenary and very unique phenomenon in Pará, known as pássaros juninos "birds of june", the Melodrama Fantasy Bird.
O valor da percepção do corpo para o conhecimento do espaço cênico: uma contribuição para a preparação vocal de atores de teatro baseada no pensamento de Merleau-Ponty
[Rosângela Gonçalves, Iris Lima e Silva, Fabrício Cardoso, Heron Beresford]
Authors: Repertório Teatro & Dança
Published: April 2018

Segundo Merleau-Ponty, a interação dos sentidos para a percepção é a base do conhecimento intuitivo. O autor nos faz ver que o corpo é a nossa principal referência espacial e que o espaço deve ser compreendido não só a partir dele, mas também como sua própria extensão, em uma compreensão fenomenológica, apoiada na experiência corporal e vivencial. Sendo o conhecimento do espaço cênico aspecto essencial para o ator de teatro bem projetar a sua voz, este artigo teve por objetivo avaliar o papel da percepção neste sentido, com o propósito de contribuir para a preparação vocal desses profissionais. Para assegurar a consecução de tal objetivo, foi realizado um estudo exploratório, operacionalizado por meio de uma pesquisa bibliográfica. Concluiu-se que a percepção do corpo, como primeira via de acesso ao mundo e, portanto, como fulcro central para apreender a realidade, mostra-se como um valor para atores de teatro conhecer o espaço cênico e bem projetar a voz.

According to Merleau-Ponty, the sense's interaction to perception is the basis of intuitive knowledge. The author makes us see that the body is our main reference space and that space must be understood not only from him, but also as his extension, in a phenomenological vision, based on the bodily experience and perception. As the knowledge of the scenic space is essential to a good projection of the theater actors' voice, this article aims to evaluate the role of perception for this, to contribute for voice preparation. We carried out an exploratory study through a literature search. It was concluded that the body's perception, as the first access to the world and, therefore, as central fulcrum to apprehend the reality, it reveals as a value for theater actors to knowledge the scenic space and to project the voice well.
A RENOVAÇÃO DO CIRCO E O CIRCO SOCIAL
 [Fabio Dal Gallo]
Authors: Repertório Teatro & Dança
Published: April 2018

A partir de considerações sobre a renovação do espetáculo na história do circo, são apresentados pontos de vista em relação às inf uências da organização do circo e da finalidade dos espetáculos na estética circense. Sublinhandose que o circo social traz mudanças na fi nalidade do espetáculo, faz-se uma descrição do que é o circo social, de como se constitui e como atua. É realizada uma análise dos fundamentos pedagógicos que interferem na criação do espetáculo de circo social, encontrando-se uma relação com o horizonte teórico dos Estudos da Performance. Conclui-se que o circo social renova a cena circense contemporânea e colabora com os outros movimentos artísticos que destacam a importância da arte e do espetáculo como recursos pedagógicos.

Beginning with considerations about the renovation of the show in the circus history, are presented points of view about the influences of the circus organization and the finality of the shows in the circus aesthetics. Underlining that the social circus brings change in the finality of the show, is developed a description of what is the social circus, how it is constituted and how it acts. Is realized an analysis of the pedagogic bases that interfere in the creation of the show and is found a relation with the theory of the Performance Studies. The conclusion is that the social circus renews the circus contemporary scene and collaborates with other artistic movements that evidence the importance of the art and the show like pedagogic resources. 
A CONFORMAÇÃO DO CIRCO-TEATRO BRASILEIRO: PERMEABILIDADE E APROPRIAÇÃO
 [Daniele Pimenta]
Authors: Repertório Teatro & Dança
Published: April 2018

Este trabalho aborda a evolução do circo no Brasil, considerando-se elementos que defi nam ou interfiram em sua estruturação física e estética, suas relações internas e externas, no período de conformação do circo-teatro brasileiro.

This work presents a study of the evolution of the circus in Brazil, considering factors that define or interfere in its physical and aesthetic structure, its internal and external relations, in the period of conformation of circustheatre.
DO MOLEQUE BEIJO AO MESTRE DE GERAÇÕES
 [Daniel Marques da Silva]
Authors: Repertório Teatro & Dança
Published: April 2018

O artigo apresenta um perfil biográfico de Benjamim de Oliveira - palhaço, ator, autor teatral, cantor, ensaiador e diretor de companhia – desde sua infância no sertão de Minas Gerais, em meados do Século XIX até a consagração de sua carreira no Rio de Janeiro do início do século XX. Ainda destaca sua atuação para a consolidação do circoteatro, prática artística híbrida composta por melodramas, comédias, mágicas, revistas e pantomimas executadas como segunda parte da função circense.

The article presents Benjamim de Oliveira’s profile – as actor, clown, dramatic author, singer, metteur en scéne and theater company director – from since his childhood in Minas Gerais countryside in the middle nineties until his success in Rio de Janeiro in early twenties. The work emphasize his attempt in order of consolidating circus-theater performance, an hybrid artistic language which encompasses melodrama, comedy, prestidigitation, music hall and pantomime, perfomed usually at the circus second part of show.
Revista entreideias: educação, cultura e sociedade. Vol 5 nº 1 - 2016 - arquivo integral
Authors: Pretto Nelson De Luca
Published: April 2018

Revista entreideias: educação, cultura e sociedade. Vol 5 nº 1 - 2016 - arquivo integral
A contribuição do rádio para educação e inclusão de pessoas com deficiência visual
Authors: Nunes Rosane Da Silva , Dos Santos Erlane Cristhynne Felipe
Published: April 2018

A formação do indivíduo envolve práticas de sociabilidade para as quais plataformas de comunicação são um campo relevante na contemporaneidade. Em se tratando de pessoas com deficiência visual, o rádio se destaca como um meio eficaz de socioeducação. Esse trabalho aborda o uso do rádio por locutores com deficiência visual. Para tanto, segue procedimentos metodológicos de natureza qualitativa, amparados nos instrumentos da pesquisa bibliográfica e entrevistas semi-estruturadas com locutores de rádio nos estados do Ceará e da Bahia, de forma a compreender a influência da prática radiofônica na relação do deficiente visual com o mundo. O estudo aponta que o rádio constitui um meio de educação informal, na medida em que contribui para a formação cidadã de deficientes visuais que saem da posição de receptores e passam a emitir mensagens, passando a obterem mais inclusão na sociedade. Percebeu-se também que o rádio foi um canal para o ingresso dos entrevistados na atuação em espaços de defesa dos direitos da pessoa com deficiência visual.
A queixa escolar e a atuação de psicólogos nos serviços públicos de Assistência Social da Bahia: perfil, práticas e concepções
Authors: Viégas Lygia De Sousa , Souza Ludmilla Santos
Published: April 2018

O presente artigo tem por objetivo apresentar parte dos resultados de ampla pesquisa realizada visando analisar como tem se dado o atendimento às queixas escolares por parte de psicólogos que atuam nos serviços públicos de Assistência Social no Estado da Bahia. Para tanto, 60 psicólogos responderam um questionário com questões referentes ao perfil profissional, ao perfil das demandas escolares e às modalidades de atendimento a tais demandas. A partir da análise dos questionários, é possível identificar um perfil profissional feminino, pardo, jovem, recém-formado, que encontrou no serviço público de assistência social o primeiro emprego. Quanto ao perfil das demandas escolares, ressalta-se o encaminhamento, sobretudo de meninos, pardos e pretos, com idades entre 6 e 12 anos, provenientes do ensino fundamental na rede pública, e que vivem em condição de pobreza ou extrema pobreza, sendo por vezes alvo de discriminação na escola. No que se refere às modalidades de atuação, a pesquisa aponta que predomina o encaminhamento para outros serviços, sobretudo de atendimento clínico dos alunos e suas famílias. Quando as demandas escolares são atendidas nos CRAS e CREAS da Bahia, as estratégias de atuação envolvem, essencialmente, os alunos e suas famílias, quer seja no atendimento clínico individual e na avaliação psicológica, quer seja no atendimento em grupos, sendo a presença da escola bastante modesta. O artigo pretende contribuir com a consolidação de práticas críticas no atendimento da queixa escolar nos serviços públicos de assistência social, para onde inúmeras crianças têm sido encaminhadas pelas escolas para atendimento psicológico.
The Curious Persistence of Site-Dependent Payments
Authors: Richman Barak D. , Plummer Elizabeth , Bai Ge
Published: November 2024

This Viewpoint considers supply- instead of buy-side pressure to address the inflated cost of basic health services provided by hospitals.
Evaluation of Low-Value Services Across Major Medicare Advantage Insurers and Traditional Medicare
Authors: Duggan Ciara , Beckman Adam L. , Ganguli Ishani , Soto Mark , Orav E. John , Tsai Thomas C. , Frakt Austin , Figueroa Jose F.
Published: November 2024

Importance

Compared with traditional Medicare (TM), Medicare Advantage (MA) insurers have greater financial incentives to reduce the delivery of low-value services (LVS); however, there is limited evidence at a national level on the prevalence of LVS utilization among MA vs TM beneficiaries and whether LVS utilization rates vary among the largest MA insurers.

Objective

To determine whether there are differences in the rates of LVS delivered to Medicare beneficiaries enrolled in MA vs TM, overall and by the 7 largest MA insurers.

Design, Setting, and Participants

This cross-sectional study included Medicare beneficiaries aged 65 years and older residing in the US in 2018 with complete demographic information. Eligible TM beneficiaries were enrolled in Parts A, B, and D, and eligible MA beneficiaries were enrolled in Part C with Part D coverage. Data analysis was conducted between February 2022 and August 2024.

Exposures

Medicare plan type.

Main Outcomes and Measures

The primary outcome was utlization of 35 LVS defined by the Milliman Health Waste Calculator. An overdispersed Poisson regression model was used to calculate estimated margins comparing risk-adjusted rates of LVS in TM vs MA, overall and across the 7 largest MA insurers.

Results

The study sample included 3 671 364 unique TM beneficiaries (mean [SD] age, 75.7 [7.7] years; 1 502 631 female [40.9%]) and 2 299 618 unique MA beneficiaries (mean [SD] age, 75.3 [7.3] years; 983 592 female [42.8%]). LVS utilization was lower among those enrolled in MA compared with TM (50.02 vs 52.48 services per 100 beneficiary-years; adjusted absolute difference, −2.46 services per 100 beneficiary-years; 95% CI, −3.16 to −1.75 services per 100 beneficiary-years; P < .001). Within MA, LVS utilization was lower among beneficiaries enrolled in HMOs vs PPOs (48.03 vs 52.66 services per 100 beneficiary-years; adjusted absolute difference, −4.63 services per 100 beneficiary-years; 95% CI, −5.53 to −3.74 services per 100 beneficiary-years; P < .001). While MA beneficiaries enrolled in UnitedHealth, Humana, Centene, and smaller MA insurers had lower rates of LVS compared with those in TM, beneficiaries enrolled in CVS, Cigna, and Anthem showed no differences. Blue Cross Blue Shield Association plans had higher rates of LVS compared with TM.

Conclusions and Relevance

In this cross-sectional study of nearly 6 million Medicare beneficiaries, utilization of LVS was on average lower among MA beneficiaries compared with TM beneficiaries, possibly owing to stronger financial incentives in MA to reduce LVS; however, meaningful differences existed across some of the largest MA insurers, suggesting that MA insurers may have variable ability to influence LVS reduction.
Essential Machines: Kinetic Architecture and the Human Experience
Authors: Kundig Tom
Published: November 2024

When thinking about contemporary machinic architecture, often one imagines the sort of buildings that might be described as high‐tech: full of ductwork, hydraulic struts, pistons, and sleek, metallic, shiny carapaces. Yet there are other ways to invoke the machine in more human‐friendly manifestations. Tom Kundig and his design practice Olson Kundig have spent much of their time exploring age‐old technologies – the hinge, the wheel and the pulley, for example – to create architecture that does not alienate people, but instead engages and facilitates them in transformational, spatial activities.
Coping Mechanisms: Four Dysfunctional Machines
Authors: Chapman Michael
Published: November 2024

Generally, the machine is characterised as masculine. Would it be possible to represent machines that are much more feminine in nature, that cosset humanity, encourage social interaction, and are not blind to our emotional lives, loves and heartaches? Chair of Architecture and Design at Western Sydney University and co‐guest‐editor of this AD, Michael Chapman explains some of his recent surreal architectural drawings that explore these notions.
Desirous Forces: The Great Endeavor, the Machine Allegory of Worldbuilding
Authors: Lindquist Marissa
Published: November 2024

The machinic moving image has the power to engage with a larger audience than a drawing. It often strips away ambiguity, getting its message across fast and indelibly, coupled with the troubles of our age – particularly the mitigation of climate change, the need for profound international cooperation, and the sheer scale of the intervention required to ease these problems. Marissa Lindquist evokes Australian artist and filmmaker Liam Young's Great Endeavor film project that relishes a new technological sublime – long a preoccupation in his work.
Allegorical Façades: When Clouds Become Clocks
Authors: Kelly Brian M
Published: November 2024

Façades in architecture have essentially been used in two ways: to present blankness concealing the programmes and functions behind them or to express vitality, institutional strength and semiotic cosmologies. With the advent of AI, diffusion models and their quick processing of huge data clouds, façade exercises can be used differently as forms of inspiration for architects. Associate Professor at the University of Nebraska‐Lincoln Brian M Kelly demonstrates how disembodied AI devoid of old architectural rules can make architects re‐examine their traditional ways of architectural composition.
Effects of Silicon Addition on Physical and Mechanical Properties of W, W–Ni, and W–Ni–Co Alloys Fabricated by Powder Metallurgy
Authors: Suman Vadla , Maurya Ram Sajeevan , Debata Mayadhar , Chaira Debasis
Published: November 2024

This present study focuses on the effects of 1, 5, 10, 15, and 20 wt% of silicon (Si) addition on the densification, microstructure, and mechanical properties of tungsten (W), tungsten–nickel (W–Ni), and tungsten–nickel–cobalt (W–Ni–Co) alloys. The alloys are synthesized using high‐energy planetary milling of W, Ni, Co, and Si powders for 10 h, followed by conventional sintering under a hydrogen atmosphere at 1500 °C for 2 h. It has been observed that 10 h planetary milling results in the formation of intermetallic compounds (W5Si3, Ni4W, and NiSi2) in these alloys. The formation of various silicides is observed after sintering, namely, W5Si3 and WSi2 in WSi (1–20) and NiSiW, W5Si3, NiSi, and NiSi2 in W–Ni–Si (1–20) and W–Ni–Co–Si (1–20) alloys through the reaction of Si with W and Ni. The density values of 6.4, 6.3, and 8.5 g cm−3 are achieved for W‐20Si, W‐10Ni‐20Si, and W‐10Ni‐3Co‐20Si alloys, respectively. The hardness values of the alloys increase with the percentage of Si, which is attributed to the formation of brittle and hard silicides. In the case of W‐10Ni‐3Co‐20Si alloy, a maximum hardness of 10.6 GPa is observed. The W‐1Si, W‐10Ni‐1Si, and W‐10Ni‐3Co‐1Si alloys exhibit compressive strength values of 552, 1554, and 1567 MPa and ductility values of 7, 15, and 13%, respectively.
Preparation of Gradient Nanostructured Cu–Al Alloy Matrix and Evolution Microstructure and Properties
Authors: Li Xiaoxian , Wang Xiang , Huang Zixian , Liu Lingling , Zhang Yang , Zhang Xuehui
Published: November 2024

Cu–Al alloy with a gradient nanostructured surface layer is prepared by ultrasonic shot peening (USP). The effect of different shot peening times on the microstructure and properties of the modified layer is systematically investigated. The results show that the surface phase structure is not changed by USP technology, but a gradient nanocrystalline layer is formed on the surface, and the surface grains are obviously refined. The nanocrystalline mechanism is characterized by dislocation movement and mechanical twinning. USP can greatly improve the mechanical properties, tribological properties, and corrosion properties of the alloy. When the shot peening time is 15 min, the modification effect is the best. The hardness is as high as 254.1 HV0.2, which is 2.4 times that of the matrix, and the average coefficient of friction is only 0.231. The volume wear amount and volume wear rate are 4.434 × 107 μm3 and 0.1848 μm2 N−1, respectively. The strengthening mechanism of nanosized samples is grain refinement and work hardening, and the wear mechanism is abrasive wear and slight oxidation wear. The improvement of the corrosion performance of nanosized samples is mainly due to the formation of the dense passivation film on the surface.
Understanding on the Correlation between Mechanical Properties and Thermal Conductivity of Hot‐Forged Copper/Diamond Composites
Authors: Jia Shanquan , Ma Jingnan , Bolzoni Leandro , Yang Fei
Published: November 2024

Evaluation of the mechanical properties of copper/diamond composites is necessary for understanding the interfacial bonding, which is important for the interface thermal conductance and thermal conductivity of the composites. The tensile and three‐point bending tests are conducted on the hot‐forged copper/diamond composites using Cr powder additives and Cr‐coated diamond. The interfacial bonding strength of the composites is calculated and evaluated based on the tensile results. The fracture mechanisms of the fabricated copper/diamond composites are discussed and compared. The highest tensile strength (69 MPa) and interface bonding strength (0.043 J m−2) are achieved for the Cu–3Cr‐55vol% diamond composite hot‐forged under 1050 °C. The connection between the composite's interfacial bonding strength and its thermal conductivity is elaborated.
The Chemistry of Levulinic Acid: Its Potential in the Production of Biomass‐Based Chemicals
Authors: Árvai Csaba , Medgyesi Zoltán , Lui Matthew Y. , Mika László T.
Published: November 2024

Biomass has been identified as the ultimate sustainable resource for all carbon‐based consumer products of the chemical industries in the future. Its catalytic conversion leads to the formation of various platform chemicals that could partially or even fully replace the fossil‐based building blocks that have been currently used in synthetic chemical processes. Among these compounds, levulinic acid (LA) has been recognized as a member of the “Top Value Added Chemicals from Biomass” and has attracted significant attention since the seminal paper reported by Werpy and Petersen in 2004. This review summarizes the properties, recent advances, and developments in the chemistry of levulinic acid. The production of LA from both plant and animal‐based carbohydrate feedstocks via 5‐hydroxymethylfurfural or furfuryl alcohol is discussed from a mechanistic perspective, highlighting intrinsic molecular‐level limitations to LA formation. The efficiencies of recently developed catalytic systems are also summarized and compared. Furthermore, the conversion of LA into high‐value‐added downstream chemicals, including its role in the synthesis of complex molecular structures, is overviewed. This section discussed the reactions of LA in the points of view of its various transformations on carbonyl‐, carboxy‐, methyl‐, and methylene functional groups. The reactions of these functionalities with C−, N−, O−, and S‐nucleophiles, alcohols, amines, organometallic reagents, oxygen etc. were thematically summarized. Our review also outlooks to highlight the challenges and opportunities associated with the extensive research area of organic chemistry of levulinic acid.
A Core‐Brush Nanoplatform with Enhanced Lubrication and Anti‐Inflammatory Properties for Osteoarthritis Treatment
Authors: Liu Yingying , Ma Zhiyan , Wang Xin , Liang Jiaming , Zhao Linlin , Zhang Yingyu , Ren Jiayu , Zhang Shuping , Liu Yajun
Published: November 2024

Osteoarthritis (OA) is recognized as a highly friction‐related joint disease primarily associated with increased joint friction and inflammation due to pro‐inflammatory M1‐type macrophage infiltration in the articular cavity. Therefore, strategies to simultaneously increase lubrication and relieve inflammation to remodel the damaged articular microenvironment are of great significance for enhancing its treatment. Herein, a multifunctional core‐brush nanoplatform composed of a ROS‐scavenging polydopamine‐coated SiO2 core and lubrication‐enhancing zwitterionic poly(2‐methacryloyloxyethyl phosphorylcholine) (PMPC) brush and loaded with the anti‐inflammatory drug curcumin by a reactive oxygen species (ROS)‐liable conjugation (named as SiO2@PP‐Cur) is rationally designed. Benefiting from the grafted zwitterionic PMPC brush, a tenacious hydration layer with enhanced lubricity for reducing joint abrasions is developed. More importantly, based on the mono‐iodoacetic acid‐induced arthritis (MIA) rat model, intra‐articular injection of SiO2@PP‐Cur nanoplatform can effectively alleviate articular inflammation via promoting macrophage polarization from the pro‐inflammatory M1 to anti‐inflammatory M2 state by activating the nuclear factor erythroid 2‐related factor 2 (Nrf2) signaling pathway and attenuating the degradation of cartilage matrix, resulting in the remodeling of the damaged microenvironment into a pro‐regenerative microenvironment. As a result, SiO2@PP‐Cur can considerably inhibit OA progression. Therefore, the work may provide a novel strategy for the development of an advanced core‐brush nanoplatform for enhanced OA therapy.
Bionic Visual‐Auditory Perceptual System Based on Ionotronic Neuromorphic Transistor for Information Encryption and Decryption with Sound Recognition Functions
Authors: Wang Wei Sheng , Chen Xin Li , Huang You Jie , Huang Xin , Zhu Li Qiang
Published: November 2024

The human perceptual system is a multi‐modal synergetic sensory learning system. As helps individuals to perceive and understand the world more comprehensively and deeply. Replication of human perceptual systems at the hardware level will significantly boost the progress of neuromorphic platforms. Interestingly, ionotronic device provides rich ionic dynamics for designing neuromorphic devices. It also provides interesting methodology to implement bionic perceptual learning system with multi‐modal sensory activities. Here, a bionic visual‐auditory perceptual system has been proposed by integrating chitosan‐gated oxide ionotronic neuromorphic transistors and auditory sensors. With strong proton gating effects, the system exhibits remarkable multi‐modal sensory abilities to sound and light, enabling diverse functions including encrypted sound information transmission and information decoding. The perceptual system can also perform sound recognition by perceiving the volume, tone, and timbre of sound, which results in the implementation of a sound lock function. Thanks to visual‐auditory fusion, image encryption and decryption function can also be addressed. This advancement poses innovative insights for the advanced collaborative multi‐perceptual intelligent platform.
A simple, robust and high‐throughput LC–MS/MS method for the therapeutic drug monitoring of polymyxin B1, polymyxin B2, polymyxin B3, isoleucine‐polymyxin B1, polymyxin E1 and polymyxin E2 in human plasma
Authors: Chen Feng , Li Huanhuan , Yang Xiaoxia , Deng Ziwei , Wang Hongqiang , Shi Zhihua , Qiu Chengfeng
Published: November 2024

To facilitate clinical therapeutic drug monitoring (TDM) of polymyxin B (PB) and polymyxin E (PE), we developed and validated a simple LC–MS/MS method for simultaneous determination of PB (including polymyxin B1 (PB1), polymyxin B2 (PB2), polymyxin B3 (PB3) and isoleucine‐polymyxin B1 (ile‐PB1)) and PE (including polymyxin E1 (PE1) and polymyxin E2 (PE2)) in human plasma. PB or PE was extracted from 20.0 μL plasma using a 5% (v/v) formic acid acetonitrile solution and separated on a BEH‐C18 column (2.1 × 100 mm, 1.7 μm) with a mobile phase consisting of 0.8% formic acid aqueous solution and 0.2% formic acid acetonitrile solution. Gradient elution was performed over 5.5 min at a flow rate of 0.250 mL/min. Quantitative analysis was conducted in positive ion scanning mode by electrospray ionization and multiple reaction monitoring. The method validation was conducted based on bioanalytical method validation guidance, including specificity, calibration curve, precision, accuracy, recovery, matrix effect, stability and dilution integrity and all of the results satisfied the requirements. The method was simple, robust and high‐throughput and is currently being used to provide a TDM service to enhancing therapeutic efficacy and safety use of the PB and PE.
Stability indicating RP‐HPLC method development and validation for quantification of impurities in gonadotropin‐releasing hormone (Elagolix): Robustness study by quality by design
Authors: Bandaru Lova Gani Raju , Kanuparthy Phani Raja , Jeedimalla Nagalakshmi , Nayak Bhukya Vijay , Raghupathi Jayaprakash Kanijam , Katari Naresh Kumar , Gundla Rambabu
Published: November 2024

The purpose of this research was to establish and validate a reverse phase HPLC method for the determination of Elagolix impurities in pharmaceutical dosage form. Mobile phase A, consisting of 10 mM sodium dihydrogen phosphate (pH 6.0) and acetonitrile in a 95:5 v/v ratio, and mobile phase B, containing 85:10:5 v/v/v of acetonitrile, Milli‐Q water, and methanol, were used to achieve the method's specificity in the analytical column Kromasil 100‐C18 (250 mm × 4.6 mm, 5 μm). The gradient program includes (%B/Time [min]: 36/0, 36/10, 38/15, 85/55, 85/65, 36/67, and 36/75). The flow rate is 0.8 mL/min. The overall run duration is 75.0 min, the injection volume is 10.0 μL, and the detection is at 210 nm in UV. The samples were subjected to hydrolysis, oxidation, and heat conditions in order to facilitate their forced degradation. The procedure was validated and determined with the standards of ICH guidelines. From the LOQ to a concentration level of 200%, the linearity of the technique was ascertained. An accuracy range of LOQ to 150% was established for the method, and the average recovery was acceptable. Design of experiments, part of the quality by design idea, was used to prove the method's reliability.
Investigating Sensitivity to Auditory Cognition in Listening Effort Assessments: A Simultaneous EEG and Pupillometry Study
Authors: Kılıç Samet , Sendesen Eser , Aslan Filiz , Erbil Nurhan , Aydın Özgür , Türkyılmaz Didem
Published: November 2024

Background

It is still not fully explained what kind of cognitive sources the methods used in the assessment of listening effort are more sensitive to and how these measurement results are related to each other. The aim of the study is to ascertain which neural resources crucial for listening effort are most sensitive to objective measurement methods using differently degraded speech stimuli.

Methods

A total of 49 individuals between the ages of 19 and 34 with normal hearing participated in the study. In the first stage, simultaneous pupillometry, electroencephalogram (EEG), and single‐task paradigm reaction time (RT) measurements were made during the challenging listening and repetition task with noise‐vocoded speech. Two speech reception thresholds (SRT) (50% and 80%) for two vocoding conditions (16 and 6 channels) were collected, resulting in 4 conditions. In the second stage, the Rey Auditory Verbal Learning Test (RAVLT) and the test of attention in listening (TAIL) were applied. Stepwise linear regression analyses were conducted to examine the predictors of listening effort measurements.

Results

A significant difference was found between 6 and 16 channel stimuli in both pupil dilation change and EEG alpha band power change. In the hardest listening condition, whereas RAVLT scores are significant predictors of pupil dilation change, TAIL scores are significant predictors of EEG alpha power. As the stimulus difficulty decreased, the factors that predicted both EEG and pupillometry results decreased. In the single‐task paradigm, a significant regression model could not be obtained at all four difficulty levels.

Conclusion

As a result of the study, it was found that the pupil dilation change was more sensitive to auditory memory skills and the EEG alpha power change was more sensitive to auditory attention skills. To our knowledge, this study is the first to investigate the sensitivity of different listening effort measurement methods to auditory cognitive skills.
A phenomap of TTR amyloidosis to aid diagnostic screening
Authors: Antonopoulos Alexios S. , Tsampras Theodoros , Lazaros George , Tsioufis Konstantinos , Vlachopoulos Charalambos
Published: November 2024

Cardiac amyloidosis due to transthyretin (ATTR) remains an underdiagnosed cause of cardiomyopathy. As awareness of the disease grows and referrals for ATTR increase, clinicians are likely to encounter more atypical forms of the condition in clinical practice. Therefore, physicians and treating cardiologists should be aware of the full phenotypic spectrum of ATTR. The phenotypic manifestation of ATTR varies depending on the stage of the disease, the presence and type of TTR mutation and the patient's comorbidities. ATTR findings can be grouped into four major categories: clinical profile and cardiac phenotype, extra‐cardiac findings, electrocardiogram and imaging findings, which cumulatively form the full phenomap of ATTR. Results from any diagnostic test for ATTR should be interpreted in light of the pre‐test probability for the disease. Findings that suggest negative markers for ATTR can point towards other forms of amyloidosis (such as AL amyloidosis) or alternate causes of left ventricular hypertrophy, including hypertrophic cardiomyopathy or Fabry disease. The rising number of referrals for ATTR cardiomyopathy presents a challenge in daily clinical practice. To prevent an increase in false‐positive diagnostic test results, an ATTR phenomap can serve as a valuable tool for guiding diagnostic assessments, interpreting test outcomes and prioritizing appropriate referrals for ATTR screening.
Synthesis and Properties of N,O‐Doped Aceanthrylenes
Authors: Radolko Jan , Nam Do Ha , Ehlers Peter , Villinger Alexander , Langer Peter
Published: November 2024

N,O‐doped aceanthrylenes have been synthesized for the first time via a selective SNAr reaction or Ullmann‐coupling of phenols, followed by an intramolecular direct arylation. The reaction has been carefully optimized and permits the selective synthesis of N,O‐doped aceanthrylenes in moderate to excellent yields and tolerate various functional groups. The aromatic behavior of the hitherto unknown heterocyclic scaffold has been further analyzed by NICS and NICS2BC calculations.
Mathematical Modelling of In Vitro Cinnamaldehyde Controlled Release via Computational Fluid Dynamic
Authors: Samanian Narges , Razavi Seyed Mohammad Ali , Mohebbi Mohebbat , Esfahani Javad Abolfazli , Varidi Mehdi
Published: November 2024

Cinnamon is widely recognised for its distinct flavour and potential health benefits, making it an important subject of study in food and nutraceutical fields. To understand the mechanism of cinnamon flavour release as a fundamental step in its flavour perception from high‐amylose corn starch microcapsules, the release of cinnamaldehyde under in vitro mouth conditions was studied using a 3D numerical model. Additionally, predicting cinnamaldehyde release in all three phases simultaneously was developed in COMSOL Multiphysics 5.6. To validate the developed model, cinnamaldehyde release profiles were prepared under simulated mouth conditions using headspace analysis by the SPME‐GC–MS procedure. High R2 (0.997) and low RMSE (1.78E‐06) values, along with good convergence results, confirmed this simulation as a precise numerical model. The effects of cinnamaldehyde initial load, cinnamaldehyde diffusivity and shear rate were also probed, revealing the model to be more sensitive to the microcapsules' properties. This study provides a valuable framework for designing controlled release systems for flavouring agents, with significant implications for food and nutraceutical industries.
Toward Supplementation Guidelines for Vegan Complementary Feeding
Authors: Koeder Christian
Published: November 2024

Previously published recommendations for vegetarian (including vegan) diets for children have highlighted the need for vitamin B12 supplementation. Increased attention to several other key nutrients (including iodine, vitamin D, calcium, and iron) has also been recommended. However, an overview focusing on supplementation guidelines, specifically for vegan infants, has not been published, and a potential requirement for iodine and/or selenium supplementation in (some) vegan infants has not been discussed. Vegan complementary feeding should be supplemented (particularly with 5 μg/day of vitamin B12 and 10 μg/day of vitamin D). Iodine should be supplemented (up to 110 μg/day) if the intake of breast milk and infant formula is low, and selenium supplementation (5 μg/day) should be considered in regions with low soil selenium levels. Caution is required to avoid excessive intakes of iodine and particularly selenium. Supplements for vegan infants are on the market, and observational studies are urgently needed to assess the nutrient intake (including supplements) and status in vegan infants.
Risk factors for re‐hospitalization following cesarean delivery at term
Authors: Bitan Roy , Lior Yotam , Ram Hila Shalev , Berkovitz‐Shperling Roza , Lavie Anat , Yogev Yariv , Ram Shai
Published: November 2024

Objective

To identify the key risk factors contributing to re‐hospitalization after term cesarean delivery (CD).

Methods

This retrospective cohort study included women who underwent CD at term at a university‐affiliated tertiary medical center (January 2021 to March 2023). The primary outcome was risk factors for re‐hospitalization within 30 days post‐discharge. Data on selected maternal demographic, pregnancy‐related and delivery variables were extracted from electronic medical records. A multivariable logistic regression analysis was conducted to identify independent risk factors for re‐hospitalization. Logistic regression analysis was used to determine the odds ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) for various independent risk factors.

Results

A total of 2878 women were included in the study, of whom 76 required re‐hospitalization (2.6%). The rates of high‐risk pregnancies were more prevalent among those who were re‐hospitalized (41 [62.1%] vs. 1148 [49.1%], P = 0.043). Furthermore, the rates of emergency CDs (42 [56%] vs. 1040 [37.8%], P = 0.001), prolonged surgery duration (17 [22.4%] vs. 292 [10.4%], P = 0.001) and hospitalization duration (14 (18.4%) vs. 273 (9.7%), P = 0.015) were significantly higher in the re‐hospitalized group. Emergency CD (OR 1.90, 95% CI 1.06–3.42, P = 0.030) and prolonged surgery duration (OR 2.44, 95% CI 1.25–4.77, P = 0.016) remained significant risk factors of re‐hospitalization in the multivariate analysis.

Conclusions

The need for emergency CD and prolonged surgery duration were found as independent risk factors for re‐hospitalization after CD at term.
Oxidative Stress and Inflammation in Myocardial Ischemia–Reperfusion Injury: Protective Effects of Plant‐Derived Natural Active Compounds
Authors: Chen Jia , Wang Boyu , Meng Tianwei , Li Chengjia , Liu Changxing , Liu Qingnan , Wang Jiameng , Liu Zhiping , Zhou Yabin
Published: November 2024

Acute myocardial infarction (AMI) remains a leading cause of death among patients with cardiovascular diseases. Percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) has been the preferred clinical treatment for AMI due to its safety and efficiency. However, research indicates that the rapid restoration of myocardial oxygen supply following PCI can lead to secondary myocardial injury, termed myocardial ischemia–reperfusion injury (MIRI), posing a grave threat to patient survival. Despite ongoing efforts, the mechanisms underlying MIRI are not yet fully elucidated. Among them, oxidative stress and inflammation stand out as critical pathophysiological mechanisms, playing significant roles in MIRI. Natural compounds have shown strong clinical therapeutic potential due to their high efficacy, availability, and low side effects. Many current studies indicate that natural compounds can mitigate MIRI by reducing oxidative stress and inflammatory responses. Therefore, this paper reviews the mechanisms of oxidative stress and inflammation during MIRI and the role of natural compounds in intervening in these processes, aiming to provide a basis and reference for future research and development of drugs for treating MIRI.
Neobavaisoflavone Protects H9c2 Cells Against H2O2‐Induced Mitochondrial Dysfunction Through ALOX15/PGC1‐α Axis
Authors: Dong Linyue , Zhou Yue , Wang Liyun , Mao Xuhua , Wang Junfang , Du Zenan , Che Xuyang , Li Yiming
Published: November 2024

Neobavaisoflavone (NBIF) is a natural antioxidant that has a variety of pharmacological activities. To investigate the effects of NBIF on oxidative stress‐induced myocardial injury, H9c2 cells were treated with H2O2. Cell counting kit‐8 was used to detect cell viability. Intracellular as well as lipid radicals were detected. To measure mitochondrial function, tetramethylrhodamine ethyl ester was used to detect mitochondrial membrane potential. 12‐ and 15‐hydroxyeicosatetraenoic acids (HETE) were measured by LC‐MS/MS. ALOX15, which is the upstream protein of 12‐, 15‐HETE, was also measured by using western blot analysis. The results showed that H2O2 induced lipid peroxidation in cardiomyocytes and caused mitochondrial dysfunction which was relieved by NBIF treatment. Besides, H2O2 significantly increased the production of 12‐HETE and 15‐HETE and upregulated the expression of ALOX15 while PGC‐1α was downregulated and triggered the release of cytochrome c. The treatment of NBIF decreased the expression of ALOX15 and inhibited the activation of caspase‐3. NBIF protected mitochondrial membrane integrity through increasing PGC‐1α and Nrf1. Our results indicated that NBIF could protect cardiomyocytes against H2O2‐induced mitochondrial dysfunction via ALOX15/PGC‐1α axis.
Ludenbach Syndrome: The Feasibility of Prenatal Ultrasound Diagnosis
Authors: Li Tian‐gang , Cao Hai‐bo , Ma Bin , Li Bo‐xi , Yao Li‐guo
Published: November 2024

Lutembacher syndrome has been reported primarily in children and adults, but no prenatal cases have been reported. Our results indicated that lutembacher syndrome could be diagnosed by using prenatal ultrasound diagnosis. Accurate prenatal diagnosis of lutembacher syndrome is beneficial to neonatal prognosis and treatment options; it is very necessary to make a clear diagnosis in utero.
Molecular theranostics: principles, challenges and controversies
Authors: Currie Geoffrey
Published: November 2024

Theranostics is a new term for long‐established principles in nuclear medicine. The generalisability of the term means there is a very broad use of the term across the medical literature, not all of which is consistent with the intent in nuclear medicine. The term molecular theranostics better reflects the philosophy and application in nuclear medicine. Even with a clearer definition, there are a number of challenges or controversies whose debate provides a richer understanding of the principles and applications of molecular theranostics. Radioiodine imaging and therapy of hyperthyroidism and thyroid cancer provide the historical context for theranostics. The prototype molecular theranostic is the 68Ga/177Lu DOTATATE pair that targets somatostatin receptor subtype 2 in neuroendocrine tumors. The potential value of precision medicine of radiation dosimetry in molecular theranostics needs a balanced discussion with limitations of reactive dosimetry and the opportunities for predictive or pre‐treatment dosimetry. Despite challenges and limitations, molecular theranostics is a powerful tool in the precision medicine landscape. Molecular theranostics is a vehicle for improved outcomes in cancer patients with a future‐facing portfolio of opportunities.
Moderate and extreme warming under a varied resource supply alter the microzooplankton–phytoplankton coupling in North Sea coastal communities
Authors: Cabrerizo Marco J. , Happe Anika , Ahme Antonia , John Uwe , Olsson Markus , Striebel Maren
Published: November 2024

Rising temperature is one of the most visible effects of global change on Earth; however, it is barely known how moderate or extreme warming events impact the trophic interactions and the energy transfer in food webs. Combining a mesocosm approach and two‐point dilution incubations, we quantified how natural plankton assemblages respond to moderate and extreme warming (+6°C vs. +12°C above ambient temperature), covering a nitrogen‐to‐phosphorus gradient from nutrient‐saturated to limited conditions. We addressed how both drivers altered the community structure and mediated the phytoplankton growth (μ) and microzooplankton grazing (m) rates. Moderate and extreme warming effects on the microzooplankton–phytoplankton relationship differed and were mediated by time. This trophic interaction was weakened due to μ outpacing m regardless of the warming treatment at the middle of the experiment. By contrast, after the acclimation period, the trophic interaction was strengthened by increased grazing under extreme warming. The variable grazing pressure found at different temporal scales only under extreme warming could be due to a decreased microzooplankton grazing pressure with increasing temperature when prey biomass is low, and vice versa. Also, it could be a consequence of a switch toward mixotrophy or that the temperatures experienced by grazers were suboptimal compared to their prey. Finally, we found that temperature was the main driver whereas resource availability played a minor role in this trophic interaction. As climate change will intensify in the future, food webs could be less productive but more efficient, and thus, potentially support a higher secondary production.
Dual phosphorus and nitrogen nutrient reduction will be more effective than a phosphorus‐only reduction in mitigating diatom and cyanobacterial blooms in Lake Erie, USA–Canada
Authors: Paerl Hans W. , Chaffin Justin D. , Cheshire Jack H. , Plaas Haley E. , Barnard Malcolm A. , Goerlitz Lillian B. , Braddy Jeremy S. , Sabo Alexandrea , Nelson Leah M. , Yue Lindsay
Published: November 2024

Lake Erie, USA–Canada, plays an important ecological and socioeconomic role but has suffered from chronic eutrophication. In particular, western Lake Erie (WLE) is the site of harmful algal blooms (HABs) which are suspected of being driven by excessive nutrient (phosphorus (P) and nitrogen (N)) inputs. During 2022 and 2023, in situ nutrient dilution and addition bioassays were conducted at a WLE bloom‐impacted location to investigate whether a nutrient reduction regime would be effective in limiting phytoplankton growth during the June diatom‐dominated spring blooms and August cyanobacteria‐dominated summer blooms. The primary objectives of this experiment were to (1) Determine if a proposed 40% P‐alone reduction would effectively reduce phytoplankton growth and mitigate blooms and (2) assess whether reductions in both P and N are more effective in controlling phytoplankton biomass than exclusive reductions in either N or P. Samples were analyzed for nutrient concentrations and growth rate responses for specific algal groups, utilizing diagnostic (for major algal groups) photopigments. Results indicated that although both 20% and 40% dilutions led to lower phytoplankton biomass and growth rates, 40% reductions were more effective. Our results support the USA–Canada Great Lakes Water Quality Agreement recommendation of a 40% P reduction, but also indicate that a parallel reduction of N input by 40% would be most effective in controlling bloom magnitudes. Overall, our findings underscore the recommendation that a year‐round dual N and P 40% reduction is needed for long‐term control of eutrophication and algal blooms, including cyanobacteria and diatoms, in Lake Erie.