bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
A new solution for splay‐to‐bend transition in OCB mode with a twisted area
Authors: Inoue Iichiro , Miyashita Tetsuya , Uchida Tatsuo , Yamada Yuichiro , Ishii Yutaka
Published: January 2005

Abstract— Quick, stable transition from splay‐to‐bend alignment in optically compensated bend (OCB) mode is crucial for practical use. This has been achieved by surface treating part of a pixel with a chiral dopant to induce a twist alignment while controlling the twist direction. The effectiveness of this new method was confirmed in a prototype TFT‐LCD panel.
Novel screen technology for high‐contrast front‐projection display by controlling ambient‐light reflection
Authors: Katagiri Baku , Miyashita Tetsuya , Ishinabe Takahiro , Uchida Tatsuo
Published: January 2005

Abstract— One problem with front‐projection displays is that the screen contrast ratio decreases in bright ambient light. In this paper, we propose a new front‐projection display system that incorporates the control of reflection of ambient light in the screen design, providing a high contrast ratio even in a brightly lit room.
Current programming pixel circuit and data‐driver design for active‐matrix organic light‐emitting diodes
Authors: Lee Jae‐Hoon , Nam Woo‐Jin , Jung Sang‐Hoon , Han Min‐Koo
Published: January 2005

Abstract— We propose a new pixel design for active‐matrix organic light‐emitting diodes (AMOLEDs) employing five polycrystalline thin‐film transistors (poly‐Si TFTs) and one capacitor, which decreases the data current considerably in order to reduce the charging time compared with that of conventional current‐mirror structures. Also, the new pixel design compensates the threshold‐voltage degradation of OLEDs caused by continuous operation and the non‐uniformity of poly‐Si TFTs due to excimer‐laser annealing. The proposed pixel circuit was verified by SPICE simulation, based on measured TFT and OLED characteristics. We also propose current‐data‐driver circuitry that reduces the number of shift‐register signals for addressing the current data driver by one‐half.
High‐luminance 1‐m‐long plasma tubes for wall displays
Authors: Ishimoto M. , Yamazaki Y. , Shinohe K. , Tokai A. , Hirakawa H. , Yamada H. , Awamoto K. , Shinoda T.
Published: January 2005

Abstract— The plasma‐tube array is expected to realize a wall‐sized display. This method will realize an emissive‐type display with a flexible screen shape and an expandable screen size. The shape of the plasma tube was investigated to realize high luminance, high luminance efficacy, and high flexural strength. As the result, a cylindroid tube is proposed to satisfy these demands. An experimental display of 1 m × 128 mm has been developed with these cylindroid tubes and it demonstrated a high luminous efficacy of 3.1 lm/W.
A new generation of high‐efficiency red‐emitting electroluminescent devices with exceptional stability
Authors: Brown C. T. , Kondakov D.
Published: January 2005

Abstract— Red‐emitting organic electroluminescent devices have been developed that provide exceptional stability, efficiency, and color chromaticity, and which operate at a lower drive voltage. We have identified several superior host‐dopant systems, which, to the best of our knowledge, provide devices with outstanding performance. These devices show projected operational lifetimes (20 mA/cm2), under an ambient temperature, of >25,000 hours and 2000–8000 hours at elevated temperatures (85 and 70°C).
30.2: Invited Paper: High‐Performance 55‐inch Diagonal WXGA PDP with Extended ALIS Technology
Authors: Kuriyama Hirohito , Kanada Hidehiro , Chiaki Yutaka , Shiizaki Takashi , Nakahara Hiroyuki , Ohira Koji
Published: January 2005

We have developed a high performance 55‐inch diagonal WXGA PDP module with a novel structure of Extended ALIS (Alternate Lighting of Surfaces) technology. The new cell structure using a common bus electrode concept was invented with a new driving scheme aiming at progressive lighting. A motion adaptive data processing method was also developed to suppress motion artifacts such as color contour or hatching degradation. The newly developed 55‐inch WXGA panel has 1,000 cd/m2 peak luminance and 160 cd/m2 full screen white luminance with 9,000 K color temperature at 350W display power consumption.
31.1: Invited Paper: Sinusoidal Deflection on a CRT/CPT: Finally a Reality
Authors: Webb James R.
Published: January 2005

This paper describes the design approach, obstacles encountered and solutions found while building a 526 Line Progressive (640 × 480 active pixels) 36″ display monitor. The prototype has been demonstrated using various conventional and flat CPTs. Genesis Microchip has developed this sinusoidal deflection DTV/HDTV CPT/CRT chassis and a digital deflection controller chip using bi‐directional sinusoidal horizontal scanning. The critical video processing and 8 GHz multi‐clock generator needed for a finished chip has been designed, reduced to silicon and used in production chips for over two years in other products for FPD & TV.
31.3: Lifetime of Sub‐Micrometer Oxide Powder Cathode
Authors: Mo Chi‐Neng , Liu Mei , Chuan Teh‐Oo
Published: January 2005

Utilizing the nano‐machining technique developed the sub‐micrometer oxide powder cathode. Put the sub‐micrometer powder at the bottom next to the nickel disc was the best structure. The maximum cathode current ratio (ΔMIK%) is more than 78% after 3000 hrs of testing.
32.2: Super‐High‐Definition Digital Cinema System
Authors: Yamaguchi Takahiro , Shirakawa Kazuhiro , Fujii Tetsuro , Fujii Tatsuya
Published: January 2005

We have developed a prototype for a super‐high‐definition digital cinema projection system that uses three 3840 × 2048 pixel D‐ILA devices for the primary colors (each one an R/G/B 10‐bit). We consider this to be the highest grade system matching or exceeding the capabilities of existing 35mm films in the standardization of digital cinema. The system opens the door to the next generation of the most high‐quality 4k digital cinema.
9.1: A 57‐in. Wide UXGA TFT‐LCD for HDTV Application
Authors: Kim Kyeong Hyeon , Kim Nam Deog , Kim Dong Gyu , Kim Shi Yul , Park Jheen Hyeok , Seomun San‐Seong , Berkeley Brian , Kim Sang Soo
Published: January 2005

Samsung has announced the development of a full WUXGA (1920×1080) 57″ LCD‐TV panel using Super PVA (S‐PVA) technology, the world's largest LCD‐TV. This product represents several breakthrough developments, which include contrast ratio of over 1000:1, and response time of sub‐10msec using DCC‐II technology. In addition, Samsung has overcome some major obstacles toward production of such large‐sized panels.
33.1: Invited Paper: P‐type Low‐Power Low‐Temperature TFT‐LCDs
Authors: Ha Yong‐Min , Hong Soon‐Kwang , Jeong Hoon , Park Jae‐Deok , Kim Byeong‐Koo , Kim Woo‐Yeol
Published: January 2005

We have developed small‐sized low‐temperature p‐Si TFT‐LCDs. Gate and data driving circuits have been integrated by p‐type LTPS TFTs. The driving scheme is similar to conventional CMOS driver circuits. Low power consumption has been achieved by integrating level shifters on glass substrates. The panels have high pixel density, compactness, and high picture performance and the power consumption is acceptable for commercial products.
34.1: Super‐High Performance of 12.1‐in. XGA Tablet PC and 15‐ in. UXGA Panel with Advanced Pixel Concept
Authors: Lee K. H. , Kim H. Y. , Song S. H. , Kim K. H. , Chung Y. C. , Jang S. J. , Kim C. H. , Lee S. K. , Lim Y. J.
Published: January 2005

Recently, we have developed advanced fringe field switching (AFFS) technology with an unlimited viewing angle and color characteristics that obtained from a design rule upgrade only by optimization of LC electrodynamics without high aperture resin technology, for the first time in the world. Our new device have shown the brightness over 184nits, contrast ratio over 600:1 and viewing angle over 175/175, respectively. And also, 15″ UXGA TFT‐LCD show an unlimited viewing angle and color shift free under 0.02 at white level such as dual domain LC(S‐IPS). We have studied that is due to vertically twisted liquid crystal on the mid gap of fringe field electrodes.
34.2: TN Mode TFT‐LCD with In‐cell Polarizer
Authors: Ohyama Tsuyoshi , Ukai Yasuhiro , Fennell Len , Kato Yumi , Bae Hong Gi , Sung Po‐Wei
Published: January 2005

We have developed TN mode transflective TFT‐LCDs with higher transmittance by integrating polarizers inside the cell with single cell‐gap. This technology improves transmittance up close to that of transmissive TFT‐LCDs and also improves chromatic performance and contrast ratio outdoors by reducing ambient light influence.
9.3: The Novel Technologies for Achieving Contrast Ratio over 1:600 in IPS Mode
Authors: Kim Jae Hyun , Lee Joun Ho , Lim Ji Chul , Lee Chang Hoon , Song Moo Hyoung , Yoon Ju Yeon , Choi Hee Dong , Kim Jeom Jae , Oh Chang Ho , Yeo Sang Deog
Published: January 2005

TFT‐LCD TV has begun to occupy a large portion of the TV display market due to features including thinness, light weight, compactness, and free setting. Aside from physical characteristics, the most emphasized aspect has been the contrast ratio for better image quality. To increase contrast ratio over 1:600, polarizer film, backlight sheet, color filter resin, taper angle of electrode, and rubbing conditions have all been investigated. The optimum backlight sheet combination, smoothly tapered electrode angle and the control of rubbing method are the main controlling factors for increasing contrast ratio. The application of a newly developed color filter resin was the most effective for achieving this high contrast ratio.
37.2: Polymer‐Stabilized V‐mode FLCDs and Their Application to Color Sequential Fullcolor LCDs
Authors: Kawamoto Satoru , Oh‐Kouchi Masafumi , Kundu Sudarshan , Kobayashi Shunsuke , Hasebe Hiroshi , Takatsu Haruyoshi
Published: January 2005

Polymer‐stabilized FLCDs exhibiting V‐shaped switching called PS‐V‐mode FLCDs are fabricated using newly synthesized photocurable monomers and new FLC materials. These FLCDs show good temperature reliability and high enhancement in the optical throughput, and the reduction of the operating voltage. The device is defect‐free and exhibits high contrast ratio 700:1 and further fast response with τ = 300 μs ∼ 500 μs with continuous grayscale operation. We demonstrate a full color LCD with resolution 320 ppi and 4inch diagonal using color sequential technique.
37.3: Optimization of Photo‐Aligned Asymmetric Ferroelectric Liquid Crystal Display Performance: Effect of Planar Layer
Authors: Huang D. D. , Chigrinov V. G. , Kwok H. S.
Published: January 2005

Photo‐aligned ferroelectric liquid crystal (FLC) display reveals a perfect alignment in case of asymmetric boundary conditions, when the competition in aligning action of two solid surfaces is avoided. In this case a stable uniform photo‐alignment on one of the cell substrates spreads out to the other, which is prepared to sustain planar alignment with a degenerate azimuthal direction. In the paper, a thin polyimide film was involved to improve smoothness of planar substrate, resulting in the better electrooptical properties of FLC display. A contrast ratio of 300:1 in a static addressing mode and 82:1 in a multiplex mode was demonstrated together with a perfect bistable switching of FLC display in static and multiplex addressing regimes.
38.1: Invited Paper: Current Status and Future Prospect of In‐Cell Polarizer Technology
Authors: Ukai Y. , Ohyama T. , Fennell L. , Kato Y. , Paukshto M. , Smith P. , Yamashita O. , Nakanishi S.
Published: January 2005

A thin crystalline film polarizer has been developed which can be used internally in liquid crystal display cells. Based on this material, a manufacturing process has been developed for the fabrication of monochrome LCDs with internal polarizers. A new thin crystalline film polarizer material and coating equipment, developed to realize a high performance color TFT‐LCD, are discussed.
38.4: Invited Paper: Backlight Unit With Double Surface Light Emission Using A Single Micro‐Structured Light‐Guide Plate
Authors: Käläntär Kälil , Matsumoto Shingo , Mizuno Toshiyuki , Katoh Tatsuya
Published: January 2005

For simultaneous illumination of front and rear color LCDs of a cellular phone a double surface light emission backlight using single micro‐structured light‐guide has been developed. The light guide employed two prism sheets each for front and rear to direct the controlled forth and back emergent light toward the LCDs. Only three optical components, that is, one light guide and two prism sheets, and four LEDs were used in the new structure compared with ten components and six LEDs of the current type.
40.1: A New MVA‐LCD by Polymer Sustained Alignment Technology
Authors: Hanaoka K. , Nakanishi Y. , Inoue Y. , Tanuma S. , Koike Y. , Okamoto K.
Published: January 2005

A new MVA‐LCD using Polymer Sustained Alignment technology (PSA‐LCD) has been developed. This technology can realize a stable alignment with protrusion free structure by polymer sustainment. PSA‐LCD has established high brightness, high contrast ratio and fast response speed.
43.3: Summary of Moving Picture Response Time (MPRT) and Futures
Authors: Igarashi Youichi , Yamamoto T. , Tanaka Y. , Someya J. , Nakakura Y. , Yamakawa M. , Nishida Y. , Kurita T.
Published: January 2005

Moving Picture Response Time (MPRT) measurement method has discussed with several companies since 2001. The basic MPRT is designed to represent and quantify the visual perception of moving images across an AM‐LCD screen for PC monitor and TV applications. MPRT measurement method takes into account three basic LCD panel characteristics: the capacitive‐hold‐type brightness variations, brightness level dependent transition times and a liquid crystal response time including gray scales transition. This measurement system incorporates the synchronously moving some combined gray scale test patterns and the evaluation of the pattern edge brightness changes. MPRT keyword is for only liquid crystal display. But this measurement method can be used to specify new index parameter that is motion blur characteristics on each display devices (PDP, CRT and etc).
44.3: Ink Jet Printed Organic Displays
Authors: Gupta Rahul , Ingle Andrew , Natarajan Sriram , So Franky
Published: January 2005

We have optimized the key parameters in inkjet printing to obtain flat uniform hole transporting and RGB light emitting polymer films. The performance of the resulting inkjet printed devices is comparable to that of spin‐coated devices. We will also present results on reliability of jetting performance, which is key to manufacturing. Finally, we will present the results of a 160×120 full color ink jet printed display.
44.4: Distinguished Paper: Towards Large‐Area Full‐Color Active‐Matrix Printed Polymer OLED Television
Authors: van der Vaart N. C. , Lifka H. , Budzelaar F. P. M. , Rubingh J. E. J. M. , Hoppenbrouwers J. J. L. , Dijksman J. F. , Verbeek R. G. F. A. , Van Woudenberg R. , Vossen F. J. , Hiddink M. G. H. , Rosink J. J. W. M. , Bernards T. N. M. , Giraldo A. , Young N. D. , Fish D. A. , Childs M. J. , Steer W. A. , Lee D. , George D. S.
Published: January 2005

We have developed a new multi‐head Polymer OLED inkjet print technology to make large screen OLED television. This printer is used to make a 13″ diagonal 16:9 format Polymer OLED prototype driven by an LTPS active matrix with a pixel circuit which compensates for TFT threshold voltage variations. A novel scrolling‐bar addressing scheme is used to make sparkling images with a high local peak brightness. Color processing is used to improve the overall perception of the image.
46.3: Control of Wavelength Dispersion in Form Birefringent Retarders for Liquid Crystal Displays
Authors: Montbach Erica N. , Bos Philip J.
Published: January 2005

We show that holographic retarders using form birefringence can be designed to allow accurate matching of the dispersion of a liquid crystal device. Significantly, it is shown that the dispersion properties of these retarders can be adjusted over a large wavelength range by varying the periodicity of the index of refraction profile. Both a twisted nematic (TN) liquid crystal display (LCD) and a vertically aligned (VA) LCD are compensated using different stacks of dispersion matched, holographic retarders. The results are compared with LCDs compensated by standard retarders. The new compensator designs are shown to have excellent qualities, and the potential to surpass previous designs.
47.4: The Center Balancing Operation of CCFLs and EEFLs for LCD Backlight
Authors: Lee Dae‐Heung , Kim Bong‐Soo , Koo Je‐Huan , Lee Joo‐Young , Yoo Dong‐Gun , Byun Chil‐Koo , Choi Eun‐Ha , Seo Yoon‐Ho , Kang June‐Gill , Cho Guangsup
Published: January 2005

A center balancing operation is proposed for a large area LCD backlight with the multi‐lamps driven by a single inverter. This new method minimizes the power leakage due to the parasitic capacitance of the backlight metal housing.
48.3: LCD Overdrive Frame Memory Reduction using Scalable DCT‐based Compression
Authors: Wubben R. H. M. , Hekstra G. J. , Schmeitz H. A. W.
Published: January 2005

Using a scalable DCT‐based compression method of low hardware complexity we have reduced the size of the memory that is required for LCD overdrive. Compression ratios up to 16 do not lead to a noticeable loss of sharpness or artifacts. Due to the application of a novel technique this holds also for still images.
50.1: OLED Devices Manufactured using a Vertical In‐Line Concept
Authors: Schreil M. , Eritt M. , Amelung J. , Leo K. , Hoffmann U. , Bender M.
Published: January 2005

We present results on Organic Light Emitting Diodes (OLED), manufactured in a vertical In‐Line set‐up. The OLED show a luminance of 100 cd/m2 at 6 V and a current and power efficiency of about 7 cd/A and 2 lm/W, respectively. The samples show excellent homogeneity, expected on the basis of homogeneity data for single layers. Lifetimes are comparable to OLED manufactured on conventional point source set‐ups. It is also shown that reasonable lifetimes can be achieved with sputtered cathodes.
50.4: First Hybrid OLED by Organic Vapor Phase Deposition and Its Advantages in Deposition Rate Control for OLED Manufacturing
Authors: Hartmann S. , Janssen A. , Gersdorff M. , Meyer N. , Reinhold M. , Schwambera M. , Strauch G. , Marheineke B. , Heuken M. , Johannes H.‐H. , Kowalsky W. , Himcinschi C. , Zahn D.
Published: January 2005

We are discussing the latest results in the field of Organic Vapor Phase Deposition (OVPD) on basis of our experimental data. In particular the use of carrier gas and its controlled mass flow are adding an additional parameter to control deposition rates in OLED manufacturing by OVPD. Many advantages offered by this key parameter in this technology like stable deposition rates, wide range of adjustable deposition rates and doping concentrations are discussed.

A small molecule hybrid OLED (SM‐HLED) consisting of a polymer layer of PEDT:PSS and two small molecule layers of α‐NPD and Alq3 was fabricated by OVPD. For this 3‐layer device we observed a turn on voltage of 2.5 V, a luminance brightness of 100 cd/m2 at 5.2 V and 300 cd/m2 at 6.5 V. Furthermore a passive matrix OLED‐display (PMOLED‐display) was demonstrated by OVPD. The display had a turn‐on voltage of about 3.0 V and showed a very homogeneous light emission.

These device characteristics confirm that OVPD is close to be comparable to Vacuum Thermal Evaporation (VTE).
51.1: A 2.5‐inch OLED Display with a Three‐TFT Pixel Circuit for Clamped Inverter Driving
Authors: Kageyama Hiroshi , Akimoto Hajime , Shimizu Yoshiteru , Ouchi Takayuki , Kasai Naruhiko , Awakura Hiroki , Tokuda Naoki , Kajiyama Kenta , Sato Toshihiro
Published: January 2005

A new pixel circuit for “clamped inverter driving” was developed. Since a PMOS inverter is applied instead of the conventional CMOS for the pixel circuit, the circuit is simplified and is composed of only three TFTs. A simulation of gray‐scale characteristics verified that this pixel circuit can compensate variation in Vth and carrier mobility. A 2.5‐inch OLED display based on the new pixel circuit was fabricated by LTPS processing and achieves 6‐bit gray‐scale and good uniformity.
51.2: A. 4.3‐in. VGA (188 ppi) AMOLED Display with a New Driving Method
Authors: Tanada Yoshifumi , Osame Mitsuaki , Fukumoto Ryota , Saito Keiko , Sakata Junichiro , Yamazaki Shumpei , Murakami Satoshi , Inose Kanji , Miyoshi Nobuyuki , Sato Kazuhiko
Published: January 2005

We developed a 4.3‐inch VGA driver‐integrated AM‐OLED display with the world's highest pixel density of 188ppi by using high performance TFTs, a top emission structure, a technology for improving the precision of mask alignment in OLED deposition by RGB emitter's selective deposition method, and a 4Tr/Cell digital time‐gray‐scale driving method which improves image quality by fixing the gate potential of driving TFT.
51.3: 2.1‐inch QCIF+ Dual Emission AMOLED Display having Transparent Cathode Electrode
Authors: Nakamura Yasuo , Ikeda Hisao , Ohara Hiroki , Ishitani Tetsuji , Hirakata Yoshiharu , Yamazaki Shumpei , Ishii Akira , Ohshima Tetsuya , Kodaira Takashi , Kawashima Hideyuki , Sato Kazuhiko
Published: January 2005

We have developed 2.1‐inch Dual Emission AMOLED Display having a transparent cathode electrode. An image can be seen from both the top and bottom sides of the display with the same brightness. By combining with optical films, the display has high contrast of 400 under room lighting.
52.2: High‐Speed Bend Transition Method using Electrical Twist Field in OCB Mode TFT‐LCDs
Authors: Nakao Kenji , Suzuki Daiichi , Kojima Tetsuya , Tsukane Midori , Wakemoto Hirofumi
Published: January 2005

We have developed high‐speed bend transition method of OCB (Optically Compensated Bend) mode TFT‐LCDs. We found out that nucleation of bend transition occurs with twist alignment. New pixel structure and driving scheme generate bend domains using “electrical twist field” which is lateral electric field to induce twist orientation of liquid crystal. The probability of bend nucleation depends on lateral twist and vertical transition electric field, and slightly depends on temperature. Growth speed of bend domain depends on the vertical transition voltage and viscosity of the liquid crystal. Bend transition time is mainly determined by the growth speed. A lower viscosity liquid crystal and a high transition voltage are preferable to achieve the high‐speed bend transition especially at low temperature. We have developed 22 inch diagonal HDTV which achieved the bend transition time to be less than 0.2 sec even at 0°C
52.4: Fast Response LCD with Alternate Vertical and Fringe Field Switching
Authors: Sun X. W. , Xiang C. Y.
Published: January 2005

The electro‐optic properties of a vertical aligned liquid crystal display device with three‐electrode structure for fast response applications have been studied. The fast response is realized by a three‐electrode structure that can produce electric field horizontally and vertically in an alternative way to turn‐on and turn‐off the LC cell, so that both the turn‐on and turn‐off processes are driven by electric field. The response time, transmittance‐voltage curve, and the bias effect were tested for cells with various stripe widths/gaps. A total response time (rise‐time plus fall‐time) of 1.88 ms was obtained for a vertically‐aligned nematic cell.
53.2: 3D Mobile Display Based on Sequentially Switching Backlight with Focusing Foil
Authors: Chien Ko‐Wei , Shieh Han‐Ping D.
Published: January 2005

3D mobile display using directional backlight with fast switching LCD was proposed to obtain a better perception of image. A grooved‐lightguide in combination with asymmetric focusing foil was utilized to redirect the emitting rays to left and right eyes, respectively. Crosstalk of less than 6% and uniformity of brightness intensity of higher than 80% further improve the stereoscopic image perception. In addition, 2D/3D compatibility is also provided in this module.
54.1: A Low‐Power SOG LCD with Integrated DACs and a DC‐DC Converter for Mobile Applications
Authors: Nonaka Yoshihiro , Haga Hiroshi , Tsuchi Hiroshi , Kitagishi Youichi , Matsuzaki Tadahiro , Sugimoto Mitsuhiro , Hayama Hiroshi , Asada Hideki
Published: January 2005

A low‐power 262k‐color SOG (System‐On‐Glass) LCD has been developed for mobile applications. It is integrated with a DC‐DC converter and driver circuits that contain 6‐ bit DACs, and it consumes less than 5 mW in operations with a single voltage power supply of 2.5 V.
11.1: High‐Efficiency Color and White‐Light‐Emitting Polymer Devices with High‐Index‐of‐Refraction Flexible Plastic Substrate
Authors: Mikami Akiyoshi , Koshiyama Tatsuya , Tsubokawa Tesuro
Published: January 2005

In this paper, we describe that fluorescent guest doped polymer light‐emitting devices have been successfully fabricated on high index of refraction plastic substrate and characterized in terms of electrical and optical viewpoints. Deep blue, bright green and pure white OLEDs showed external quantum efficiencies and color coordinates (x,y) of 5.1% (0.15,0.09), 5.5% (0.20,0.60) and 4.0% (0.33,0.33), respectively.
55.4: Continuous‐Domain IPS LCDs
Authors: Chen Chueh‐Ju , Lin Tze‐Min , Pang Jia‐Pang , Chen Shu‐Hsia
Published: January 2005

A novel continuous domain in‐plane switching (CD IPS) LCD has been proposed. We proposed a new IPS LCD with S‐shape‐RGB sub‐pixels, S‐shape Data Lines, and S‐Shape Electrodes. This sub‐pixel structure enhanced the color performance and reduced color error. Theoretical calculation has been applied to optimize the optical performance of our new structure. This new IPS LCD exhibits wide‐viewing angle, low color dispersion characteristics as well as the conventional dual domain IPS structures.
56.2: Contactless LCD Fab: From Technology to Implementation
Authors: Adin R. , Yassour Y.
Published: January 2005

Contact of the LCD glass substrates, during the manufacturing process, with conveyers, supporting pins and vacuum chucks, is a common creator of defects. These include micro and macro defects in the form of scratches, particles, chemical residues, electro‐static discharge (ESD), temperature gradients and more. The frequency and severity of these defects rise as the glass size and display size grow.

The Smart Nozzle Air Float technology has been developed by CoreFlow Scientific Solutions Ltd. to provide non‐contact handling of the glasses throughout the fab. This includes high performance accurate non‐contact platforms for process systems, and cost effective and reliable non‐contact transportation and automation equipment.

Moreover, the Smart Nozzle Air Float technology enables new options for non‐contact glass handling solutions (vertical & horizontal) allowing new concepts of system design, also improving: footprint, throughput or other equipment attributes. The Smart Nozzle Air Float technology has been successfully implemented in several applications, some of them already operational at manufacturing fabs of major LCD makers.
56.3: High Speed Flatbed Scanner for Large Format Display Manufacturing
Authors: Elizur Eran , Henthorne Tim , Sardari Ashkan
Published: January 2005

Substrate sizes in the Flat Panel Display (FPD) industry are constantly rising as manufacturers try to lower manufacturing costs and meet the ever growing demand for larger screens. The current forecast for Generation 7 (Gen 7) Liquid Crystal Display (LCD) mother‐glass format size is that it would exceed 2000 × 2000 mm. This situation poses a serious challenge to equipment manufacturers, and specifically to digital imaging equipment manufacturers, who need to find new methods to move these substrates at high speeds in order to achieve desired throughput levels.

The conventional approach of supporting a substrate by a rigid chuck is not desirable since, for these large substrates, the moving mass becomes prohibitively large.

A team in Creo Inc. has developed a novel approach where the moving substrate is supported by a lightweight flexible carrier which travels on an air‐bed (as in an “Air‐Hockey” table). Initial test results show that with such approach one could achieve excellent dynamic stability in a compact and lightweight system. Additional benefits include simpler motor design and thermal load management The concept together with test results will be presented.
57.1:Invited Paper:Comparison of a‐Si and Poly‐Si for AMOLEDs
Authors: Lih Jiin ‐ Jou , Sung Chih ‐ Feng , Li Chun‐Huai , Hsiao Tiao‐Hung , Lee Hsin‐Hung
Published: January 2005

The characteristics including intrinsic property of a‐Si ‐TFT and LTPS TFT for the application used as OLED backplane are reviewed. Though a‐Si AMOLED shows better uniformity and is capable of driving OLED, the stability of a‐Si TFT under operation is still not acceptable, while LTPS TFT reveals satisfactory stability in AMOLED application. The stability of TFT under long‐term operation is remained to be the key issue for commercialization of a‐Si TFT AMOLED.
57.3: A New 6‐bit Digital‐type Current‐Driven AMOLED Display Employing an Improving Gray Scale Structure
Authors: Tseng Jung‐Chun , Sun Wein‐Town , Chen Chien‐Chih , Yeh Shin‐Hung , Hung Hui‐Ya , Hopf Sabine , Sung Chih‐Feng , Li Chun‐Huai , Li Shin‐Hung , Hsiao Tiao‐Hung , Wang Yi‐Fan , Lih Jiin‐Jou , Yang Chien‐Sheng
Published: January 2005

A new 6.8‐inch 6‐bit digital‐type current driven active matrix organic light emitting diode (AMOLED) display was developed using low temperature poly‐Si (LTPS) technology. We propose a new LAAT sample/hold structure and sharing method of D/A converter. The new LAAT sample/hold structure solves the low current gray level writing capability issue, which is due to the large parasitic capacitance of data line by providing sufficient charging time. The new sharing method of D/A converter saves power and layout size at the same time.
59.1: Display Grid: Ad‐hoc Clusters of Autonomous Projectors
Authors: Raskar Ramesh , vanBaar Jeroen , Beardsley Paul
Published: January 2005

Inspired by emerging trends in grid computing, we present techniques for creating multi‐projector displays via self‐configuring clusters of autonomous projectors. The ad‐hoc clustering approach avoids large monolithic installations. We show a low‐cost system that supports dynamic inclusion of new projectors, automatic geometric configuration and seamless blending of overlapping projectors.
59.4: Adaptive Dynamic Image Control for IPS‐Mode LCD TV
Authors: Kim Ki‐Duk , Baik Sung‐Ho , Sohn Min‐Ho , Yoon Jae‐Kyung , Oh Eui‐Yeol , Chung In‐Jae
Published: January 2005

We achieved over 1000:1 of dynamic Contrast ratio for IPS mode LCD TV by the ADIC (Adaptive Dynamic Image Control) technology. The ADIC technology comprises backlight modulation and data stretch after input image analysis in order to improve the image quality.
60.1: Distinguished Paper: A Third Generation Timing Controller And Column Driver Architecture Using Point‐to‐Point Differential Signaling
Authors: McCartney Richard I. , Bell Marshall
Published: January 2005

Many assume LCDs will quickly dominate the TV market by simply scaling existing LCD monitor panels to wider formats (e.g. 16:9 HDTV) and larger sizes. However, a number of TV requirements push beyond the state‐of‐the‐art monitors of today; response time, brightness, contrast, color envelope, color temperature, and progressive scan‐and‐hold issues require a re‐engineering of the monitor solution. Building upon the strengths of National's LVDS and RSDS technology solutions in digital video‐data communications, we have created a completely new architecture that fully addresses the needs of TV while supporting existing platforms. The Point‐to‐Point Differential Signaling (PPDS™) architecture is more than a data link between the timing controller and the column driver. It is an architecture that supports very large displays with features like multiple windows each with its own gamma, various gamma optimizations, color balance at every gray level, minimal bezel size, a 30‐bit and beyond color path to the display surface, four‐color mosaics and numerous other benefits.
60.2: CiCC:A Current‐Mode Cascade Interface for COG of TFT‐LCD Systems
Authors: Chang Il Kwon , Jeon Yong Weon , Kim Kyung Wol , Lee Jang Sub , Kim Jin Tae , Lee Kyu Su
Published: January 2005

This paper describes a current‐mode interface cascade COG(CiCC), source driver IC, and TFT‐LCD system. The CiCC system is composed of timing controller transmitter and source driver IC using cascade COG schemes. The advantage of CiCC is very low power consumption and low EMI using 200μA signal current and small signal loop paths between transmitter and receiver. The applicability of the CiCC was verified not only by developing source driver IC but also prototype panel display system.
60.3: Development of a Uniform Current Topology for AMOLED Source Driver LSI
Authors: Date Yoshito , Omori Tetsuro , Nakamura Fumihisa , Tsuge Hitoshi , Mizuki Makoto
Published: January 2005

Because OLED luminance depends on the current, the current method is the most suitable for active matrix OLED (AMOLED) displays. However, OLED devices also need a very low, uniform current. A source driver LSI based on silicon bulk provides several advantages over LTPS‐TFTs and a‐TFTs. We have developed uniform current topology for our AMOLED source driver LSI. In this paper, we introduce the design methodology for this uniformity.
62.4: Computer Simulation of LCD Sheet Distortion Associated with Gravity Mura Defect
Authors: Powell W. R. , Hoysan S. F. , Lee B. K.
Published: January 2005

A computer simulation of the pressures and deformations of LCD glass sheets was developed using the finite element analysis (FEA) method. This model was used to predict the bulging of the sheets associated with the Gravity Mura optic defect. The importance of internal hydrostatic pressure in the LC fluid, stiffness of the spacers and glass sheet thickness were examined. The behavior of the model is nearly independent of glass thickness for values between 0.635 and 1.10 mm. All show the bulging starting at essentially the same internal pressure (0.92 atm.). Increasing the elastic stiffness of the spacers by a factor of 5 did not significantly impact the behavior of this model. The model is also sensitive to thermal expansion of the fluid.
12.4: A 1080 Line, Single Panel LCOS Rear Projection System with a Rotating Drum
Authors: Park Jong Myoung , Yoo Eun Ho , Kim Young Woon , Brennesholtz Matthew S.
Published: January 2005

A high‐resolution, rear projection system has been developed. This system includes a 1080 line LCOS imager and an optical engine based on a rotating drum. The system provides 800:1 contrast at the screen, a color gamut larger than ITU Rec. 709 colorimetry for HDTV and 500 nits at the screen from a 120W UHP lamp.
13.2: A Photon Counting Detector Used for Precision Measurement of Displays
Authors: Fatadin Irshaad M. A. , Wall Christine , Taylor Julie
Published: January 2005

This paper describes a double monochromator spectroradiometer with a photon counting detector. The system captures spectroradiometric data with near perfect linearity over six decades of intensity and with wavelength uncertainties of under 0.05 nm. It enables very accurate measurement of spectral radiance data from small areas of displays and thus calculation of luminance, chromaticity and small area contrast.
14.1: Fourth‐Generation PDPs: High Image Quality and Low Power Consumption
Authors: Uchidoi Masataka
Published: January 2005

Fourth‐Generation PDPs of Pioneer have been put in the market place last year. The power consumption has become lower than that of LCDs by the reduction of inefficient power. The image quality has reached to the level better than or equal to that of CRTs by the newly developed technologies of “natural enhancer,” “super CREAR driving method,” etc. Their Annual power consumption, number of gray steps and gray step pitch on low luminance image are 299kWh/year (43‐in. model), 1024 steps, and 1/32500 pitch on low luminance image under 6 IRE, respectively.
14.3: Distinguished Student Paper: A 121 Contiguous‐Subfield Addressing of High Xe Content PDPs
Authors: Saito A. , Maeda T. , Tone M. , Shiga T. , Mikoshiba S. , Oversluizen G.
Published: January 2005

As the Xe content of PDPs is increased, space charge priming becomes more effective, resulting in faster and lower voltage addressing. A 30% Xe PDP was driven with 121 contiguous subfields using an erase addressing and a grouped AWD scheme. Crosstalks were suppressed by driving the odd and even sustain electrodes separately.
15.1: Invited Paper: A 46‐inch TFT‐LCD HDTV Technology with Color Management and Image Quality Enhancement
Authors: Liu C. T. , Lin Yu Chieh , Chen P. L. , Hong Hong Jye , Kuo Tai‐Yu , Lin Tung‐Tsun , Chiang M. F. , Wu Yang‐En , Tseng Andrew , Wu Allen C. K. , Hsu Jerry , Chou Kelvin , Lee Kuochih , Lyu Li‐Ru , Wu Kuan Yi , Li Huan Hsin , Chu Ta Hsin , Hsieh Brian , Li Shengzen , Wey Chinder , Wu Yung‐Zhi , Chen Ya‐Fang , Kuo Po Yu , Yu H. L. , Cheng Faery , Cheng K. C. , Yang Jimmy C. K. , Lin Ting Li , Yang C. C. , Chang WenShou , Lee Richard C. Y. , Fu Samuel , Weng Vincent , Chen Hui Chang , Liao Shih Hong , Liao Y. J. , Wang Arex
Published: January 2005

We have developed a 46‐inch TFT‐LCD HDTV (high definition television — 1080p) with digital color management and image enhancement technologies. The panel uses premium MVA (multi‐domain vertical alignment liquid crystals, and is fabricated on generation‐5 glass substrates with ODF process (one drop filled liquid crystal process). It adopts the true wide format of 16:9. The viewing angle at a CR (contrast ratio) of 10:1 is greater than 170° in all directions. In the normal direction, CR is above 800. For conventional color management and image quality enhancement, we optimized the color performance between color‐filters and backlight units as well as the properties of VA LC and polarizers. The outcomes include high color gamut (75% of NTSC) and brightness (> 600 nits). More advanced digital color management techniques include the application of vivid color mapping, and gamma correction by signal processing. For the quality of fast moving pictures, we have developed a new driving approach in conjunction with advanced VA LC's to achieve a response speed of 8 ms in average. The new approach compensates the slow transition between gray levels.
16.3: Development of a Flexible Electronic Display Using Photographic Technology
Authors: Stephenson Stanley W. , Johnson David M. , Kilburn John I. , Mi Xiang‐Dong , Rankin Charles M. , Capurso Robert G.
Published: January 2005

A bistable flexible electronic display has been developed based on photographic technology, processes, and materials. Using photographic film coating techniques, an aqueous cholesteric liquid crystal dispersion, a dielectric layer, and a dark layer were deposited onto patterned transparent conductors on a polymeric web. Second conductors were printed over the active display layers to complete display manufacture in a roll‐to‐roll process. Simple seven‐segment displays and matrix displays have been generated using these techniques. The displays can use contact electronics to eliminate drive cost from the displays. Several prototype applications were demonstrated. Displays produced with these processes were low‐cost, thin, flexible, passively driven, and retained an image without an applied electric field.
18.2: A 34‐inch VGA SMPDP with High Luminance and Contrast
Authors: Zhang Xiong , Li Q. , Tang Y. M. , Tu Y. , Xia J. , Zheng Y. S. , Fan Z. W. , Wang B. P. , Yin H. C. , Tong L. S.
Published: January 2005

A 34 inch VGA ACPDP with shadow mask (SMPDP) is presented in this paper. Capacitance has been reduced over 30% by optimizing the structure of the shadow mask, which enables high speed addressing less than 1.4μs per line for large display area. High luminance with 800cd/m2 and high contrast over 5000:1 have been achieved by applying high Xe content and True Black driving scheme.
18.3: Dynamic Driving Characteristics of Plasma Tubes Array
Authors: Hirakawa H. , Shinohe K. , Tokai A. , Yamada H. , Yamazaki Y. , Ishimoto M. , Awamoto K. , Shinoda T.
Published: January 2005

The plasma tubes array is expected to realize the wall size display. However, as a reflection of our tube designing policy for high luminous efficacy, the basic electrical characteristics of plasma tubes array are different from those of conventional PDPs. Some new driving technologies were developed to make the dynamic driving sequence for conventional PDPs adoptable for this high efficacy plasma tubes array. With these results, a full‐colour 1m by 128 mm tubes array composed of 128 plasma tubes with the luminous efficacy of 3.1 lm/W was developed.
19.3: CNT‐FED for Character Displays
Authors: Yotani Junko , Uemura Sashiro , Nagasako Takeshi , Kurachi Hiroyuki , Yamada Hiromu , Ezaki Tomotaka , Maesoba Tsuyoshi , Nakao Takehiro , Ito Masaaki , Saito Yahachi , Yumura Motoo
Published: January 2005

A prototype of CNT‐FED character display was performed for middle size message displays. The display was constructed by metal‐frame‐cathodes, gate substrate and anode substrate with 3mm‐tall glass spacers. The technology had advantages at the size‐flexibility, deposition temperature and manufacturing yield. The CNT cathode was irradiated by excimer‐laser, which was effective to improve emission uniformity and lower driving voltage. The prototype panel had 48 × 480‐dots and the resolution was 1‐ mm. The panel realized high luminance at low power consumption. It will be important characteristics for legible and ubiquitous displays.
20.4: Image Quality in Flat Projection Wedges
Authors: Travis Adrian , Large Tim , Buckingham Mark
Published: January 2005

We report a flat projection display with a 20 mm thick screen, 14″ diagonal, brightness of 5000 cdm−2 and resolution of ∼600×800 pixels. The display is made of off‐the‐shelf PMMA and uses an unmodified video projector with only keystone predistortion. Optical modeling predicts XGA resolution on a 20 mm thick screen with a diagonal of 50″, brightness of 500 cdm−2 and contrast the same as for conventional projection.
21.2: Full‐Functional System Liquid Crystal Display Using CG‐Silicon Technology
Authors: Ikeda T. , Shionoiri Y. , Atsumi T. , Ishikawa A. , Miyake H. , Kurokawa Y. , Kato K. , Koyama J. , Yamazaki S. , Miyata K. , Matsuo T. , Nagai T. , Hirayama Y. , Kubota Y. , Muramatsu T. , Katayama M.
Published: January 2005

We developed a system panel where a CPU, a graphic controller, memories, and an audio circuit are monolithically formed on a glass substrate forming an LCD, by using CG‐Silicon technology. The logic circuit comprises approximately 120,000 TFTs. This is the world first full‐functional system panel on which all the circuits required for system operations are mounted except large capacity memories.
21.4: Development of SLS‐Based System on Glass Display
Authors: Kim C.‐W. , Moon K.‐C. , Kim H.‐J. , Park K.‐C. , Kim C.‐H. , Kim I.‐G. , Kim C.‐M. , Joo S.‐Y. , Kang J.‐K. , Chung U.‐J.
Published: January 2005

2‐inch qVGA (240×320) TFT‐LCD with integrated 6‐bit source driver is reported. TS‐SLS (Two‐Shot Sequential Lateral Solidification) technique has been employed to improve the TFT characteristics. Thanks to the superb characteristics of the TS‐SLS TFTs, 1:6 de‐multiplexing driving scheme has been successfully implemented in the source driver, which resulted very compact circuit area and the highest resolution (200ppi) SOG (System on Glass) display ever reported.
22.3: Distinguished Student Paper: Full‐Color Transflective Ch‐LCD with Image‐Enhanced Reflector
Authors: Huang Yi‐Pai , Zhu Xin‐Yu , Ren Hong‐Wen , Hong Qi , Wu Thomas Xinz‐Hang , Wu Shin‐Tson , Lin She‐Hong , Shieh Han‐Ping David
Published: January 2005

A full color transflective liquid crystal display with low power consumption is demonstrated by using high Δn cholesteric liquid crystal (Ch‐LC) as an LC layer and building an image‐enhanced reflector (IER) on the top of the transmissive region. The high Δn Ch‐LC can reflect wide band wavelength to display white image. With conventional color filter process, a full color image can be shown. Additionally, an IER on the top of the transmissive region provides the similar paths for both transmissive and reflective light. The two regions can always display same image color in any ambience, thus to greatly improve the image quality of the full color transflective cholesteric liquid crystal display.
22.4: Novel Drive Techniques and Temperature Compensation Mechanisms in Reflective Cholesteric Displays
Authors: Khan Asad , Miller Nick , Ernst Todd , Marhefka Duane , Huang Xiao‐Yang , Doane J. William
Published: January 2005

The driving techniques used for bistable reflective cholesteric displays are typically a function of application, temperature, and other material constraints. As such, new and unique driving techniques are employed continuously in order to optimize the updating methods of cholesteric displays. This paper focuses on several such techniques and related issues with these methods.
23.3: Distinguished Paper: Red‐Phosphorescent OLEDs Employing Bis(8‐Quinolinolato)‐Phenolato‐Aluminum(III) Complexes as Emission‐Layer Hosts
Authors: Tsuji Taishi , Kawami Shin , Miyaguchi Satoshi , Naijo Tsuyoshi , Yuki Toshinao , Matsuo Shinji , Miyazaki Hiroshi
Published: January 2005

We have developed high‐efficiency, long‐lived organic light‐emitting diode (OLED) devices by introducing red phosphorescent dopants into bis(8‐quinolinolato)phenolato‐aluminum(III) complexes. The devices exhibited luminance efficiency of 12 cd/A at CIE color coordinates (0.65, 034). The luminance half‐decay lifetime is expected to be over 30,000 hours at an initial luminance of 700 cd/m2. We have successfully incorporated these devices into commercial OLED displays.
24.2: New Consideration to Annealing Process of Vacuum‐Evaporated MgO Thin Films by Cathodoluminescence Analysis
Authors: Hirakawa Takayoshi , Uchiike Heiju
Published: January 2005

In order to clarify the heat treatment process for Magnesium Oxide (MgO), cathodoluminescent (CL) analysis was performed. Our results in the present work prove that the heat treatment has effects on not only removing water from the surface of MgO, but also increasing density of O and Mg defect pairs. It is the first work that the influence of heat treatment process on physical properties of the vacuum evaporated MgO thin films by CL analysis.
26.2: Controlled Electrodes in UHP Lamps
Authors: Moench Holger , Deppe Carsten , Hechtfischer Ulrich , Heusler Gero , Pekarski Pavel
Published: January 2005

The electrodes of short arc UHP lamps bear the brunt to combine high power densities with long life. This conflict can be resolved by a proper electrical operation of the lamp. Special drive schemes for Philips UHP lamps provide a stable arc attachment and a superior electrode durability. In this paper, we present electrode performance measurements under various conditions and discuss the underlying physical effects.
26.3: Liquid‐Crystal Color Sequencer Based on a Reflective Architecture
Authors: Sharp Gary D. , Robinson Michael G. , Chen Jianmin
Published: January 2005

A full‐color sequencer is described, based on a color management kernel used in two‐panel liquid crystal on silicon (LCOS) projection systems. A polarizing beam‐splitter (PBS) creates two modulation paths. Retarder stack filters are used for color control, and single‐pixel LC devices are used to modulate the state of polarization of each primary.
27.3: The 300ppi Mobile Display using CG Silicon Technology
Authors: Matsuo T. , Moriwaki H. , Mihotani T. , Kitakado H. , Ohue M. , Maeda K. , Sakai T. , Satoh M. , Tsuda Y. , Komiya H. , Muramatsu T. , Katayama M.
Published: January 2005

We developed the high resolution liquid crystal panel pertinent to the ubiquitous network era. It is the world's first cellular‐phone size VGA system liquid crystal panel. Our newly developed fine patterning process technologies and high performance TFT technologies enabled the realization of world first 300ppi panel with 50% aperture ratio.