bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
THE DOUBLE ROLE OF ALOINE AND EMODINA MOLECULES IN ONCOLOGY
Authors: Pelini Paolo
Published: September 2021

THE DOUBLE ROLE OF ALOINE AND EMODINA MOLECULES IN ONCOLOGY
Dista nce learning as a new challenge to the educati on system
Authors: Loginov A. V. , Panisheva O. V.
Published: September 2021

Distance learning is currently one of the most topical problems at the intersection of technical and pedagogical disciplines. The widespread introduction of distance learning in secondary and higher education has revealed a significant layer of problems that should be addressed by information technologies specialists, teachers, scientists, psychologists in cooperation with officials. The article discusses the main problems that arose during the transition to distance learning, the solution of which will raise the quality of education to a new level, including after the end of the new type of coronavirus pandemic. The authors highlight the organizational, technical and social problems in the process of organizing distance learning, the totality of which can be considered as a challenge to the education system.
"Program, learn and play !". The course of extracurricula r activities for students of grades 3–6
Authors: Bosova L. L. , Bosova A. Yu. , Filippov V. I.
Published: September 2021

The article substantiates the relevance of early teaching in programming and describes a possible variant of such work with students in grades 3–6 as part of the course of extracurricular activities of general intellectual orientation. The potential of the course in achieving personal, metasubject and subject results by students is revealed. Thematic planning and content of teaching younger schoolchildren in the Scratch programming environment are presented. The main idea of the methodology for conducting extracurricular activities with junior schoolchildren is stated: working with ready-made examples according to the "use - change - addition - creation" scheme, which allows students to create digital products (multimedia postcards, interactive posters, games, simulators and quizzes).
Development of the learning game environment "Bukashka" ("Ladyb ug") Using client web technologies
Authors: Areshchankau I. S.
Published: September 2021

The theme "Algorithmization and programming" is one of the most difficult in the school informatics course. The computer programs that implement models of microworlds in which virtual actors operate help to explain the basic concepts of this theme for schoolchildren.The best visualization can be achieved using learning environments with drawing actors. The learning environment "Kangaroo Ru" provides the most simple model. It was developed in the early 1990s as a part of an educational project for IBM PS/2 computers running the DOS operating system.The usage of "Kangaroo Ru" is fraught with difficulties on modern computers. This article describes a case of the learning environment that is "Kangaroo Ru" compatible, but is implemented using web technologies HTML, CSS and JavaScript. It is runnable in web browsers of a wide range of hardware platforms.
Feat ures of continuing formati on of stochastic cult ure of schoolchildren in the conditions of dista nce learning
Authors: Polyakova A. Yu.
Published: September 2021

The article describes the essence of continuity in the formation of a stochastic culture of students in the conditions of distance learning. The author’s definition of the concept “continuity in the formation of stochastic culture of students of a general education school in the conditions of distance learning” is given. There are the basic conditions of a teacher’s possession of the highest level of stochastic culture, due to which the formation of an integral personal quality, which is a generalized indicator of stochastic competence, takes place in schoolchildren. Modern information and communication technologies used in a series of developed distance classes in statistics, combinatorics and probability theory for grade 11 students are proposed. These ICT contribute to the successive formation of elements of stochastic culture in the conditions of distance learning. The article emphasizes that the use of ICT in teaching stochastics is an effective methodological tool, through which significant results can be achieved in the educational process.
Organizati on of dista nce learning using the platf orm "Russian electronic school"
Authors: Lobanov A. A.
Published: September 2021

The article discusses aspects of the organization of distance learning using educational platforms, the capabilities of Google Tables and distance communication systems. The experience of organizing distance learning also in the mode of full-time education is given. The transition to a distance learning format was the only way to continue training and effective feedback with students in a pandemic, but, as practice has shown, the skills of organizing training in a distance format have been closely integrated into the educational process, especially for an open school. The use of a Russian educational platform with ready-made tools for teaching, monitoring and analyzing the data obtained made it possible in the shortest possible time to restructure the learning process with minimal labor costs for both school teachers and students and their parents.
PROFILE AND PATTERN OF POST-MORTEM CASES
Authors: Singh Neeraj , Bohra Bhavesh
Published: September 2021

Background: In the present study analysis of changes in level of sodium in cadaveric synovial fluid is done, which is correlated with increasing post-mortem interval and this study have not been done in south east region of Rajasthan so far.

Methods: This study was carried out in department of Forensic Medicine and Toxicology, Jhalawar Medical College, Jhalawar. This study was done on 50 cases with known time of death who was brought in the mortuary of department of Forensic medicine and Toxicology for autopsy. The information regarding time of death were collected from hospital records. Ethical permission has been taken from college ethical committee.

Results: Deaths due to road traffic accidents & its complications constituted majority of cases 44.00% followed by poisoning 40.00%

Conclusion: This study helps to interpret different types of medico-legal autopsy cases, thereby providing an insight to the policy-makers, law custodians, and the community to look into the specific aspects of the cases and then to take proper measures to reduce mortality.

Keywords: Death, Post mortem, Age
Factores que Inciden en el Desempeño del Exani-II en la Ciudad de Aguascalientes
Authors: Torres Soto M.D. , Torres Soto A. , Tapia Dueñas O.A. , Ponce Gallegos J.C.
Published: September 2021

En este trabajo se reporta el resultado del análisis de testores realizado sobre los datos del examen EXANI-II aplicado en la ciudad de Aguascalientes en el año 2013 a 10903 sustentantes. El conjunto de datos fue pre-procesado y analizado mediante la técnica conocida como análisis de testores típicos, el cual arrojó un grupo de 6 constructos normalizados y 8 variables de la base de datos que originalmente se constituía de 98 atributos. Es interesante que aunque un buen elemento florece bajo cualquier entorno, este estudio encontró, entre otras cosas que existen planteles que logran un 100% de resultados sobresalientes o satisfactorios, mientras que otros obtienen un alto porcentaje de alumnos con resultado en la categoría de elemental.

In this paper, the results of testors analysis applied to EXANI-II test are presented. The data corresponds to the 2013 application of this test, to 10903 students in the city of Aguascalientes. The data set was preprocessed and analyzed using the technique known as typical testor analysis, which identified a group of 6 standardized constructs and 8 variables of the database, which originally was constituted of 98 attributes. It is interesting that although a good element flourishes under any environment, this study found that among other things, there are schools that achieve 100% of outstanding or satisfactory results, while others get a high percentage of students with results in the elementary group.
POTENTIAL OF UNMANNED AERIAL VEHICLES FOR AGRICULTURE
Authors: Thapa Pawan
Published: September 2021

In few years, agriculture drones emerge for monitoring, planting, spraying, and mapping to increase crop production and reduce labor. This review results show its significance and farmer's demand for agriculture. The UAV technologies enable farmer management based on measuring and observation based on real-time crop and livestock monitoring, significantly maximize their production. The farm drone consists of user-friendly software with interactive maps, and a global positioning system will improve production. It will support farmer for farming in efficient, effective, and economical ways.
Studying the Regularities and Development of a Model of the Vacuum Gas Oil Hydrocracking Process
Authors:   National Research Tomsk Polytechnic University, Belinskaya N. S. , Afanaseva D. A. ,   National Research Tomsk Polytechnic University, Bykova V. V. ,   National Research Tomsk Polytechnic University, Kosten M. S. ,   National Research Tomsk Polytechnic University
Published: September 2021

In this work, the regularities of the vacuum gasoil hydrocracking process were studied, which include: determination of the key components of the reacting mixture and key reactions, studying the thermodynamic regularities, identification of the regularities of the influence of technological parameters on the transformation of the key reacting components. The model of the process was developed.
Questions on Technological Optimization of Centralized Flaring of Associated Hydrocarbon Gas from Sources with Different Methane Concentration
Authors:   National Aerospace Agency, Azerbaijan, Asadov I. H. , Mammadov R. N. ,   Research Institute of Ministry of Defence Industry, Baku, Azerbaijan, Agayev F. G. ,   National Aerospace Agency, Azerbaijan
Published: September 2021

The method of technological optimization of associated hydrocarbon gas centralized flaring from sources with different methane concentration is suggested. The technological scheme of centralized flaring is composed. The relevant optimization task is formulated and solved solution of which make it possible to obtain the optimum type interrelation between methane concentration in associated gas and wind speed. As a result of carried out optimization the optimum order for functioning of composed technological scheme of centralized flaring of associated gas is recommended.
Influence of Surfactants Adsorption on the Rate of Carbonate Rock Dissolution during Reaction with Hydrochloric Acid
Authors:   National University of Oil and Gas «Gubkin University», Godunova E. V. , Grishina I. N. ,   National University of Oil and Gas «Gubkin University», Matveev M. R. ,   Norchem® Group of Companies, Vinokurov V. A. ,   National University of Oil and Gas «Gubkin University», Kiselyova A. E. ,   National University of Oil and Gas «Gubkin University»
Published: September 2021

Several process parameters of efficiency must be taken into account in the process of the creation of liquids for enhanced oil recovery. One of the key factors of the required characteristics of hydrochloric acid is the ability of the additives included in the acid composition to inhibit the reaction of the active agent with the carbonate rock. This deceleration effect is necessary to increase the acid exposure area to the treated zone by forming the largest number of cavities in the reservoir. The effective dosages of the nonionic surfactant «Polinor MP4202» and its ability to inhibit the reaction of a carbonate rock model with hydrochloric acid in its presence have been studied.
Convergence Issues of Hydrodynamic Models of Reservoir Pressure Maintenance Systems
Authors:   Caspian State University of Technology and Engineering named after Sh. Esenov, Zakenov S. T. , Yermekov А. А. ,   The branch of LLP «KMG Engineering» «Kaznipimunaygas» Aktau, Kazakhstan, Nurshakhanova L. K. ,   Caspian State University of Technology and Engineering named after Sh. Esenov, Aijanova Sh. ,   The branch of LLP «KMG Engineering» «Kaznipimunaygas» Aktau, Kazakhstan
Published: September 2021

The article presents the problems of correctness of input of initial data, convergence of hydrodynamic models based on the results of calculating the hydraulic characteristics of the ground pipeline network of the reservoir pressure maintenance system using an automated calculation software package.
Approximate Method for Calculating the Pressure Change in a Nonequilibrium-Deformable Reservoir in the Case of Real Gas Flow to the Well
Authors:   Institute of Oil and Gas of Azerbaijan National Academy of Sciences, Kazymov B. Z. , Nasirova K. K. ,   Institute of Oil and Gas of Azerbaijan National Academy of Sciences
Published: September 2021

A method is proposed for determining the distribution of reservoir pressure over time in a nonequilibrium-deformable gas reservoir in the case of real gas flow to the well under different technological conditions of well operation, taking into account the real properties of the gas and the reservoir.
Use of Carboxylic Acid Ester as Lubricant Component
Authors:   Gubkin Russian State University of Oil and Gas, Zavorotny V. A. , Podkovyrova I. V. ,   Gubkin Russian State University of Oil and Gas
Published: September 2021

This paper discusses the use of esters of dicarboxylic acids as components of lubricants. Influence of molecular structure on the properties of ester compositions and the course of the esterification reaction. The theoretical foundations for the production of esters, the synthesis of the ester of caproic acid and butyldiglycol are considered, and the effect of temperature on the esterification process is reflected. Samples of a semi-synthetic oil were prepared, consisting of mineral oil and an ester of various concentrations. The viscosity and density were determined, the viscosity index of the samples under study was calculated. An oil with an optimal concentration of an ester and a high viscosity index was selected.
Личное бессмертие как научный факт
Authors: Гордиевский Валентин Леонидович
Published: September 2021

В книге приведены и классифицированы объективные факты проявлений в нашем мире сознательных действий ушедших из него людей. Среди них представлены явления материализации, сообщения прижизненным почерком, автоматическое рисование в стиле выдающихся художников прошлых эпох и другое. Впервые этим фактам дано системное теоретическое объяснение с использованием признанных современной наукой положений физики, психологии, биологии и информатики. Сделан вывод о доказанном соответствии феномена личного бессмертия статусу научного факта.
SCIENCE AND COMMUNICATION: HOW TO TRANSFER KNOWLEDGE?
Authors: Lakhvich Todar
Published: September 2021

A couple of months ago I came back to the University after vacations: well rested, full of ideas and having strong desire to tell the students everything I knew about my “beloved” organic chemistry. The counterpart was even better (in all the cases they were younger: “cela se passe de commentaries”): a large majority of the students are smart, attractive, and well put together. Just seemed to be the best time and place for effective teaching-learning (as we like to say in articles) process. As usual, I had a joy during the first lecture (feeling happy of touching once more I liked so much and engaging in my own understanding of the subject) and after the first seminar where students followed generally the logics and the way of professor thinking. However, a few days later during the classes followed by the romantic period of our acquaintance I faced the problem: the students barely understood some very easy things. Not because they didn’t know, not because they were lazy, vs they could understand the more difficult things (I work at Medical University with the highest students’ percentile). They couldn’t understand very simple things because sometimes we were speaking in different languages.
THE EFFECTS OF MULTIMEDIA LEARNING MATERIAL ON STUDENTS’ ACADEMIC ACHIEVEMENT AND ATTITUDES TOWARDS SCIENCE COURSES
Authors: Ercan Orhan
Published: September 2021

This study implemented multimedia learning material developed for the 5th grade science course topic "Food and Healthy Nutrition" and examined its effect on students' academic achievement and science attitudes. The study used a control group, a pre-test-post-test quasi experimental research design, and a convenience sample consisting of 62 5th grade students. The research instruments were an achievement test and a science attitude scale. During the implementation process the experiment group learned using multimedia learning material and the control group learned with traditional methods. Data were analyzed using an independent-samples t test, a paired-samples t-test, and ANCOVA statistics. According to the findings there is a statically significant difference between post-test achievement scores of the experimental and control groups, with the experimental group scoring higher. Also there is a statically significant difference between students' post-test scores in terms of gender, favoring females over males. In terms of science attitude there is also a significant difference between post-test scores of the experimental and control groups. In conclusion it may be said that multimedia learning promotes more effective learning in science education.
Key words: healthy nutrition, multimedia learning, science achievement, science attitudes.
UNIVERSITY STUDENTS’ CONCEPTIONS OF THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN MATHEMATICS AND PHYSICS AND THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN MATHEMATICS AND PHYSICS LEARNING
Authors: Kapucu Serkan
Published: September 2021

The present study identified university students’ conceptions of mathematics and physics as well as students’ conceptions of mathematics and physics learning. Furthermore, the study elicited university students’ conceptions of the relationship between mathematics and physics and the relationship between mathematics and physics learning. As a final, the study compared university students’ conceptions of mathematics and physics as well as students’ conceptions of mathematics and physics learning. A purposeful sample of university students (pre-service elementary science and mathematics teachers) who had taken required mathematics and physics courses participated in the study. Open-ended questionnaires and interviews were used to collect data. The analysis found that most students believed that mathematics was closely related to physics and that it was difficult to succeed in physics without understanding mathematics. In addition, more students exhibited coherent conceptions of physics and higher-level conceptions of physics learning compared to the number of the students with coherent conceptions of mathematics and higher-level conceptions of mathematics learning. How the nature of the disciplines of mathematics and physics affects the development of student conceptions is discussed.
Key words: conceptions, conceptions of learning, mathematics, physics, qualitative study.
USING CONCEPT MAPPING FOR ASSESSMENT IN SCIENCE EDUCATION
Authors: Soika Katrin , Reiska Priit
Published: September 2021

Conceptual acquisition is an important aspect of science education, especially with regard to committing things to long term memory. Three case studies were carried out to examine approaches to conceptual acquisition in science education. The aim of these studies was to determine whether concept mapping method is a valid research method. To answer the question, studies were developed. Two of them used animation to describe abstract topics in chemistry. The aim of the third study was to compare the differences in higher taxonomy concept maps, created in an allocated timeframe.
The findings of the studies indicate that the use of voiced interactive animation without teacher explanation does not lend itself to superior concept acquisition. As a result of the study it was concluded that concept mapping as an assessment method provides a unique possibility to visualize the structure of students’ conceptual achievements. Based on the outcomes it is recommended concept mapping should be used more as an assessment or research method.
Key words: assessment, concept mapping, animation, paper-based instruction, concepts.
LEARNERS’ VIEWS ABOUT USING CASE STUDY TEACHING METHOD IN AN UNDERGRADUATE LEVEL ANALYTICAL CHEMISTRY COURSE
Authors: Ozdilek Zehra
Published: September 2021

This study presents pre-service science teachers’ views about implementing a case study and which skills they improved as a result of using the method. Sixteen participants in a chemistry class were the subjects in the 2013 summer school term. In the teaching about the properties of chromium, students watched selected parts of the movie Erin Brockovich in four sections. Each part of the movie was followed with a question, and students were then given about 15-20 minutes to find out the answer to the question by using Internet-based resources in the classroom environment. Qualitative data were collected by having participants respond in writing to open-ended questions and through semi-structured interviews. Overall, students’ reactions to the method were positive. The results showed that students found it to be an effective instructional method, despite having some difficulties with the expectations of the method and this method has provided many benefits for pre-service teachers.
Key words: case study teaching method, chemistry education, science education, teacher education.
SCIENTIFIC THINKING: THE BACKBONE OF MODERN SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY EDUCATION
Authors: Broks Andris
Published: September 2021

Science and Technology Education (STE) along with Artistic and Pragmatic Education today is continuously and fast developing branch of education to satisfy actual needs of modern life. It follows the development of scientific research of real life phenomena and implementation of corresponding results in practice. In other words, changes within our life are closely connected with corresponding changes in our education, because educational activities of any person as well as society in total mean specially organized gaining of life experience (knowledge, values, skills) for life (cognition, consideration, behaviour).
THE EFFECTS OF 3D PLASTIC MODELS OF ANIMALS AND CADAVERIC DISSECTION ON STUDENTS’ PERCEPTIONS OF THE INTERNAL ORGANS OF ANIMALS
Authors: Fančovičová Jana , Prokop Pavol
Published: September 2021

The decrease in the method of cadaveric dissection and its replacement with alternative methods has led to discussions about the significance of dissection in biology/anatomy lessons. Certain authors argue that the decline in anatomy knowledge in students is at least partially caused by these factors. An investigation was carried out on the effectiveness of teacher’s demonstrations of cadaveric dissection as opposed to a 3D plastic model on pre-service biology teachers’ ideas concerning what is inside animals. Students were pre-tested on their ideas as to what is inside animals and randomly divided into four treatments (Dissection + Model, Dissection, Model, Model + Dissection). After the treatment, the post-test scores revealed that treatments where both methods were combined resulted in the highest achievement scores, particularly in the case of anatomy of fish. It has been concluded that the combination of cadaver dissection with modern innovative methods is more effective for obtaining anatomy knowledge than the use of only one method. The use of alternative methods should not be in conflict with traditional methods.
Key words: anatomy, animals, biology education, dissection, ideas, student.
THE EFFECT OF MICROTEACHING ON THE TEACHING SKILLS OF PRE-SERVICE SCIENCE TEACHERS
Authors: Bakır Selda
Published: September 2021

This study was carried out on 97 participants using a mixed research design, in order to determine the effect of microteaching on the teaching skills of pre-service science teachers and to ascertain the opinions of pre-service teachers about the positive and negative effects of microteaching. Analysis of the data revealed that microteaching has a significant effect on teaching skills, and this effect can be seen under the areas of carrying out an introduction lesson, classroom management, time management and planning, effective communication and concluding the lesson, as well as issues which can be described as being related to self-confidence. In the qualitative section of the study, analysis of the data obtained from written responses and individual interviews with pre-service teachers about the positive and the negative effects of microteaching support the quantitative findings.
Key words: microteaching, pre-service science teachers, teaching skills.
DEVELOPMENT AND EVALUATION OF AN INSTRUMENT MEASURING ANXIETY TOWARD BIOLOGY LABORATORY CLASSES AMONG UNIVERSITY STUDENTS
Authors: Kurbanoğlu Namudar İzzet
Published: September 2021

University students’ achievements in biology laboratory do not depend only on cognitive variables, but also on non-cognitive variables such as anxiety levels. The aim of this study was to develop a measurement tool assessing the anxiety levels of university students in a biology laboratory class. In this study, the Biology Laboratory Anxiety Scale (B-LAS) consisting of 15 items was developed, and analysed its validity and reliability. All items are positively worded to indicate increased anxiety. The sample consisted of 685 science teacher candidates (450 female and 235 male) who take Biology and/or Biology laboratory classes at three different Faculties of Education. The validity of the scale was first assessed by expert review. Exploratory factor analysis was performed to assess structural validity, and revealed a one-dimensional structure. The loading values of all 15 items varied between 0.61 and 0.80, and explained 53% of the total variance. Cronbach's alpha coefficient of internal consistency was calculated as 0.93 and the split-half test correlation was 0.85. According to these results B-LAS can be used as a valid and reliable instrument in science education.
Key words: biology laboratory, anxiety, reliability and validity, university students.
DEVELOPING THE CONTEXT-BASED CHEMISTRY MOTIVATION SCALE: VALIDITY AND RELIABILITY ANALYSIS
Authors: Önen Ayşem Seda , Ulusoy Fatma Merve
Published: September 2021

In order to explain chemistry subjects by linking them to everyday life and accordingly, to improve the quality of education, context-based learning has come into use widely in chemistry teaching recently. The aim of this study is to develop a scale to determine secondary school students’ motivations towards chemistry activities supported with context-based learning. Validity and reliability analysis of the scale were done with the participation of 525 high school students. To determine the structural validity of the scale, exploratory factor analysis was done. The factor analysis concluded that the scale had a three-factor structure with 20 items. Cronbach Alpha internal consistency coefficient of the scale was calculated to be 0.91. Cronbach Alpha internal consistency coefficients of sub dimensions were found to be 0,84; 0,80 and 0.81 respectively. In the light of the findings of this study, the scale developed is concluded to be of use in determining high school students’ motivations towards context-based chemistry.
Key words: context-based chemistry, high school students, motivation.
COMPARING MALE AND FEMALE PRE-SERVICE TEACHERS‘ UNDERSTANDING OF THE PARTICULATE NATURE OF MATTER
Authors: Mumba Frackson , Chabalengula Vivien Mweene , Banda Asiana
Published: September 2021

This study compared male and female pre-service science teachers’ understanding of the effect of phase changes and physical transformation of matter on the size of particles, spaces between particles, speed of particles, and number of particles. Data were collected using a questionnaire that has 36 items. Both gender groups had sound understanding of the effect of phase change on speed, spaces, and number of particles in a substance, and the effect of compression on speed, number, size and spaces between particles in solids and liquids. However, most female pre-service teachers had low understanding of the effect of phase change on the size of the particles in solids, liquids and gases as most of them incorrectly believed that heating increases the size of the particles and cooling decreases the size of particles. The results have implications for science teaching and learning and teacher education.
Key words: gender, matter, particle, pre-service teachers, understanding.
YOUNG CHILDREN’S IDEAS ABOUT SNAIL INTERNAL ANATOMY
Authors: Rybska Eliza , Tunnicliffe Sue Dale , Sajkowska Zofia Anna
Published: September 2021

Drawings can serve as a useful tool for analyzing children’s understanding of scientific phenomena. This study examined children’s understandings about internal structure of the snail. Children from kindergarten at age 5 and from primary school of age 7 and 10, were asked to draw their concept about the internal structure of the snail. The results demonstrate the alternative conceptions held by the children. Analysis showed some significant differences in interpretation between both age groups and gender. Age related differences were in understanding of nervous, circulatory, muscle and digestive system, and such features as food, bones and mucus. Gender differences were not so significant at present studies. There were only few statistically significant observations concerning gender, that boys more often than girls consider mucus and other organisms (such as bacteria) as a part of snail internal structure. The girls drew more in the category food (7 years old) and bones (10 years old). The results also revealed ideas which made sense to the learner, but are not biologically accurate, such as organs located in the foot.
Key words: alternative conceptions, drawings, invertebrates, mental models, snails.
ASSESSING THE STUDENTS’ UNDERSTANDING RELATED TO MOLECULAR GEOMETRY USING A TWO-TIER DIAGNOSTIC TEST
Authors: Uyulgan Melis Arzu , Akkuzu Nalan , Alpat Şenol
Published: September 2021

In this research, the comprehension levels and misconceptions of university students on the subject of molecular geometry were determined via a two-tier diagnostic test consisting of 25 items developed by researchers. It was applied on 110 university students. The reliability and validity tests and item analyses were conducted in relation to the test, and the difficulty and discrimination indices of the items were detected. The reliability coefficient of the test was found to be 0.856 while the mean difficulty value of the test was 0.487. According to the findings obtained from the second tier of the test containing open end questions, the students had a great deal of wrong information and numerous misconceptions in relation to the molecular geometry. Such statements as “atoms move in the resonance structure” and “bond angles of two molecules having a trigonal pyramidal shape cannot be different” are counted among the most important misconceptions determined in the study.
Key words: Misconception, molecular geometry, two-tier diagnostic test, university students.
OBSTACLES MODELLING REALITY: TWO EXPLORATORY STUDIES ON PHYSICS DEFINED AND UNDEFINED PROBLEMS
Authors: Truyol María Elena , Sanjosé Vicente , Gangoso Zulma
Published: September 2021

One important skill to be developed in future physicists is modelling reality using physics. Problem-solving is the activity most used to teach, learn and assess physics skills at the university level. However, most of the problems habitually used in physics subjects seem not to encourage developing this skill. Two empirical exploratory studies were conducted. Educational materials were analysed to contrast the hypothesis asserting that most of the academic problems would not help students to develop the modelling skills. Secondly, with the proposed ‘Physics Problem Understanding Model’, two kinds of experimental problems were elaborated. A small group of experts solved the experimental problems in an interview. The hypothesis stated that there would be evident differences between skills associated with the solving procedures of each type of experimental problem. Results served to contrast the cognitive model proposed for sufficiency and supported the hypotheses even though further studies are needed to obtain external validity. Key words: cognitive model, modelling skills, problem solving, problem statements, university level.
Modelado de Maxent, predicción de la distribución espacial de la vicuña en Ecuador
Authors: Vaca Cárdenas Maritza Lucía , Vaca Barahona Byron Ernesto , Cushquicullma Colcha Diego Francisco , Ati Cutiupala Guicela Margoth
Published: September 2021

Introducción. En 1988 se reintrodujeron camélidos sudamericanos en la Reserva de Producción de Fauna Chimborazo, siendo la especie emblemática la vicugna vicugna. Objetivo. Determinar la distribución espacial actual y potencial de la vicuña y evaluar la contribución de las variables para establecer la idoneidad del hábitat. Metodología. La investigación fue no experimental, de campo, de nivel evaluativo y propone lineamientos y criterios ambientales, topográficos y antrópicas para un manejo sostenible de la especie. En un primer momento se geo referenció presencias de los individuos, luego se prepararon las capas de las variables: NDVI, NDWI, MDE, precipitación, uso del suelo, temperatura y tipo de ecosistemas y finalmente se corrió el modelo del software Maxent y se evaluaron las contribuciones. Resultados. El 63,7% RPFCH posee sitios no adecuados para la vicuña, el 26,1% se considera como zonas potenciales de distribución, el hábitat moderadamente adecuado lo ocupa el 10,1% y finalmente apenas el 0,1% corresponde al hábitat altamente adecuado puesto que reúne las condiciones favorables para la supervivencia y reproducción de la especie. Conclusiones. La variable que más contribuye a establecer la idoneidad del hábitat es el NDVI, este detecta zonas con densidad de biomasa baja, pero con calidad nutricional del forraje. El 63,7% de la RPFCh son sitios no adecuados para la especie, mientras apenas el 36,3% corresponden a zonas altamente adecuadas, moderadamente adecuado y moderadamente bajo, que insta a plantear medidas a mediano y largo plazo para el manejo de la especie.
An assessment of socio-economic conditions of the farmers related to goat fattening in Rangpur district of Bangladesh
Authors: Barman Topon Chandra , Hossain Mohammad Mujaffar , Rahman Md Mukhlesur , Ali Md Younus , Sarker Nipa Rani
Published: September 2021

The experiment was carried out at Kaunia upazila in Rangpur district to investigate the socio-economic conditions of the farmers, use of different hormones, feed additives and their effects. The data were collected through interview schedule by selecting 30 respondents who were involved in goat fattening. Collected data were analyzed using Excel sheet. It was found that most of the farmers were middle aged categories (50%) and educational level of the farmers was primary (57%), secondary (23%), and higher secondary (10%). Half of the respondents were farmer, followed by businessman (20%). About 67% farmers used own capital, 3% farmers took loan from bank and 23% took loan from other sources such as NGO. It was also found that about 33% respondents had on short time training experience and the rest 67% had no experience. Almost 97% farmers reared Black Bengal goat and 3% Jamunapari goat. Near about 97% farmers used roadside grass and tree leaves and only 3% farmers used cultivated fodder. Only 7% farmer used growth promoter & feed additives in feed where 93% farmers are not being used growth promoter &feed additives in feed. But not a single farmer used growth hormones for fattening purpose. Therefore, still now goat meat would be safe for human consumption without any health hazard.

Asian Australas. J. Food Saf. Secur. 2017, 1 (1), 1-6
Microbial assessment of milk collected from different markets of Mymensingh, Gazipur and Sherpur districts of Bangladesh and determination of antimicrobial resistance patterns of the isolated bacteria
Authors: Hossain Mohammad Farhad , Rahman Md Tanvir , Kabir SM Lutful
Published: September 2021

The study was conducted to determine the total viable count (TVC) and total coliform count (TCC) of unpasteurized, pasteurized and UHT milk samples to assess their microbiological quality. A total of 60 milk samples were collected from different markets of Mymensingh, Gazipur and Sherpur districts. The TVC of milk was performed to determine the bacterial load in supplied milk samples and TCC to determine the coliform bacterial load in collected milk samples. Milk samples were cultured onto various selective media for the isolation of bacteria. The isolated bacteria were identified by cultural properties on different selective media, biochemical tests and finally by PCR. Out of 60 samples 20 unpasteurized milk samples from different markets were found positive for Staphylococcus aureus and 19 unpasteurized milk samples were found positive for Escherichia coli. All the S. aureus were found positive for S. aureus specific 16S rRNA gene by PCR. Out of 19 isolates of E. coli, 15 were found positive for E. coli 16S rRNA gene by PCR. Results of antimicrobial susceptibility test showed that most of the isolates of S. aureus and E .coli were susceptible to azithromycin, streptomycin, gentamicin, norfloxacin, tetracycline and ciprofloxacin but resistant to amoxicillin and erythromycin. The findings of this study revealed the presence of multidrug resistant S. aureus and E. coli in unpasteurized milk samples that posseses a serious threat to public health.

Asian Australas. J. Food Saf. Secur. 2017, 1 (1), 7-16
Isolation, molecular identification and characterization of Aeromonas hydrophila from infected air-breathing catfish Magur (Clarias batrachus) cultured in Mymensingh, Bangladesh
Authors: Monir Md Shirajum , Bagum Nazneen , Kabir SM Lutful , Borty Shuvho Chakra , Ud Doulah Mohammad Ashaf
Published: September 2021

The study was carried out from November, 2014 to February, 2015 with the objective of isolating Aeromonas hydrophila an important fish pathogen from infected air-breathing catfish Magur (Clarias batrachus) in Mymensingh district. Quantitative study of the isolated bacteria from infected C. batrachus was found variation of number in different organs. Total bacterial load was found to be 1.16 x 105 to 3.15 x 106 cfu/g in lesions, 2.14 x 108 to 4.17 x 109 cfu/g in liver, 1.90 x 107 to 5.12 x 108 cfu/g in spleen and 2.32 x 106 to 5.24 x 108 cfu/g in kidney of infected C. batrachus in Mymensingh district. The isolates were found to produce acid from arabinose, whereas acid and gas from different sugar media such as maltose, sucrose, and dextrose. Morover, they were capable to ferment glucose but resistant to vibriostatic agent 0129 test. Further identification of A. hydrophila was accomplished using PCR. The PCR products of desired 760 bp were obtained for A. hydrophila. The isolated A. hydrophila were 96% sensitive to Enrofloxacin followed by 88% to Ciprofloxacin and 76% to Levofloxacin. On the other way, 100% were resistant to the Ampicillin followed by 96% to Penicillin and 92% to Novobiocin. So far, this is the first molecular identification of A. hydrophila from farmed C. batrachus in Bangladesh. The present study will provide future research scopes on identification of pathogenicity island in chromosome and serotyping of all A. hydrophila isolates.

Asian Australas. J. Food Saf. Secur. 2017, 1 (1), 17-24
Comparative study on nutritional status, food intake pattern and lifestyle between dialyzed and non-dialyzed kidney patients in Dhaka, Khulna and Rajshahi divisions of Bangladesh
Authors: Islam Md Tanvir , Mukta Nurun Nahar
Published: September 2021

Chronic kidney disease (CKD) is a worldwide public health problem. As per nephrologists' estimation, the CKD population grows at approximately 5% annually and in 2022, over 29 million people will be afflicted with CKD in Bangladesh. The objective of this study was to compare nutritional status, food intake pattern, and lifestyle between dialyzed and non-dialyzed kidney patients in Bangladesh. It was a cross-sectional comparative study of patients aged 18 to 85 year old to compare nutritional status, food intake pattern, and lifestyle between dialyzed and non-dialyzed kidney patients. Sample was conducted in three divisions Dhaka, Khulna and Rajshahi in Bangladesh. Data on food intake pattern, height, weight, GFR, other diseases along with kidney disease, physical activity, smoking and socioeconomic status etc. were collected from fifteen clinical centers and sometimes from household via in-person interviews. A total of 244 patients aged were selected among them 152 people were dialyzed patients and 92 people were Non-dialyzed patients. We found a relationship among dietary food habit, lifestyle factors and health outcomes such as chronic kidney disease progression, heart disease and death. Patients had a mean monthly family income of 23683.46, a mean monthly expenditure on food of 3815.2 and a mean monthly expenditure on treatment of 13317.69. According to our findings, highest dialysis patients were sedentary than non-dialysis patients were active at their active life (20-40 Years). From this study it was investigated that, 41.0% patients have not changed their addiction habit after diagnosis, where 20.1% dialysis patients and 20.9% non-dialysis patients have not changed their addiction habit totally. Another significant finding of this study was that dialysis patients had poor consumption from 16 groups. It can be highlighted that, the prevalence of the diseases were higher in urban people than rural people. This study suggests that additional research is needed to investigate the optimal dietary recommendations and body mass index levels to prevent disease progression and poor outcomes among individuals with CKD. The prevalence of HD-CKD and NDD-CKD can be said to be SES dependent. Chronic kidney disease and its complications, which involve most organ systems, can be prevented, but awareness and use of accurate methods are needed to enable timely diagnosis.

Asian Australas. J. Food Saf. Secur. 2017, 1 (1), 25-34
Assessment of nutritional status and other associated factors of lactating mother at Gangni Pauroshava in Meherpur district, Bangladesh
Authors: Islam Md Tanvir , Zahid Md Ashrafuzzaman , Hossain Md Ismail , Parvin Rashida
Published: September 2021

The present study was to provide information about the nutritional status of lactating women as well as proffer solutions that are aimed at improving maternal nutrition in the study area. The study area was Gangni union of Meherpur district. 105 exclusively breastfeeding women aged 16-35 years old were initially enrolled in the study. Of these study lactating women completed 24h dietary recall food intake. The findings was about 16.2% lactating mothers were under 19 years, 53.3% respondents were between the ages of 20-25 years, 23.8% respondents were between the ages of 26-30 years and 37.1% lactating mothers had completed primary education. About 95.2% respondents were housewife and 4.8% respondents were service holders. The finding was 56.2% respondents have one child and 38.1% respondents have 3 family members, 43.8% respondent has 4 family members. About 7.6% respondents are underweight, 55.2% respondents are normal, 33.3% respondents are overweight and 3.8% respondents are obese. Total 7.6% respondents are underweight, 55.2% respondents are normal, 33.3% respondents are overweight and 3.8% respondents are obese where 5.7% respondents under 19 year aged and 1.9% respondents over 30 year aged are underweight. About 40% respondents got surgerian delivery where 60% respondents got normal delivery. It was found that 100% respondents maintain hygiene such as washing hands before eating foods, washing hands after using bathroom, brushing teeth regularly, avoiding nasty foods etc.

Asian Australas. J. Food Saf. Secur. 2017, 1 (1), 35-44
Evaluation of pathogenicity of motile Aeromonas species in air-breathing catfish Magur (Clarias batrachus)
Authors: Monir Md Shirajum , Bagum Nazneen , Kabir SM Lutful , Borty Shuvho Chakra , Ud Doulah Mohammad Ashaf
Published: September 2021

The present study was carried out to evaluate the comparative capability of producing infections and causing mortality of the experimental Magur (Clarias batrachus) with motile Aeromonas species. A total of 200 apparently healthy C. batrachus were acclimatized to the laboratory conditions for experimental study. Nine different groups (each group consisting of 20 fish) of healthy C. batrachus was injected with nine motile Aeromonas isolates (A. hydrophila-3, A. sobria-3 and A. caviae-3). Experimental C. batrachus were infected with motile A. hydrophila, A. sobria and A. caviae to groups 1-3, 4-6 and 7-9, respectively while group 10 was injected with sterile physiological saline (0.85% NaCl) and served as the control. The selected motile bacterial species via intramuscularly were injected at the rate of 4.5 × 105 cfu/fish for pathogenicity study on C. batrachus and monitored up to two weeks. The highest clinical infections were noticed 90% in group-3 whereas only 35% in group-8 within the experimental period. After two weeks of the experiment, the cumulative mortality rate was also found highest (60%) in group-3 but lowest (15%) in group-9 while no infection or mortality showed in group-10 (control group). The development of infection and mortality to the injected C. batrachus was associated more severely by Aeromonas hydrophila than A. sobria and A. caviae used in this study. However, the isolates motile Aeromonas species could serve as the primary cause of skin lesions as well as mortality in cultured C. batrachus.

Asian Australas. J. Food Saf. Secur. 2017, 1 (1), 45-50
Effect of dietary probiotics on the growth performance, meat quality improvement of broiler chicken for safe meat production
Authors: Sarker Md Sazedul Karim , Rana Md Masud , Sultana Shabiha , Sarker Nathu Ram , Nahar Talukder Nurun
Published: September 2021

A feeding trial was conducted to investigate the effect of Probiotic (Biofast) on the growth performance and meat quality of broiler chicken. Ninety six 1-d-old mix sexed Cobb 500 broiler chicks were obtained from a local commercial hatchery. Chicks were randomly allocated in 2 experimental treatments for 5 wk. The experimental treatments received a 1) control, 2) control with probiotic Biofast 0.055% (bacillus subtilis-100%) in the diet. Both treatments had 48 broilers arranged in 4 replicates of 12 broilers each. Eight birds from 2 different groups (one/replication) were sacrificed on termination of the feeding trial of breast, thigh to investigate the meat quality. Feed intake in treatment T1 was significantly (P > 0.05) greater than control in 0 to 3 weeks of age. Though in starter phase treatments failed to induce any marked effects on body weight, weight gain and FCR but numerically increased in T1 than control. In finisher period (4-5 wks), there were no significant differences on body weight, weight gain, feed intake and FCR between the treatments. The organ weight like liver, heart, kidney, spleen, gizzard, abdominal fat and intestine weight also did not show any significant differences between the dietary treatments of control and Biofast. In addition, though the dressing % was not significantly different but numerically higher percentage was found by using Biofast. Similarly, no significant differences (p>0.05) were found in pH, cooking loss, meat color and TBA values between the treatments. In conclusion, supplementation of Biofast in diet has no significant effect on the growth performance of broiler chicks though it has got some positive effects on other parameters that indirectly revealed to enhance meat quality of broiler chicken as well as food safety issues.

Asian Australas. J. Food Saf. Secur. 2017, 1 (1), 51-57