bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Investigating the durability of nano‐reinforced CFRP‐aluminum and CFRP‐CFRP bonded and bonded/bolted joints under hygrothermal conditions
Authors: Karimi Sajjad
Published: November 2024

Assessing the mechanical properties of CFRP and aluminum specimens exposed to hygrothermal aging is vital. Moreover, it is important to develop strategies to improve these properties. This study examines the influence of fullerene and Single‐Walled Carbon Nanotubes (SWCNT) on the fatigue life and static strength of bonded and bonded/bolted joints. The research concentrates on composite‐to‐composite and composite‐to‐aluminum substrates under three‐point bending tests, both prior to and after hygrothermal aging. The samples were classified into four groups: (1) neat specimens, (2) specimens with added fullerene, (3) specimens containing SWCNT, and (4) specimens with a blend of 50% SWCNT and 50% fullerene.

The findings indicated that the optimal nanoparticle ratio for bonded joints differs from that for bonded/bolted joints. Incorporating nanoparticles into the adhesive enhanced the fatigue life of single lap joints (SLJs), particularly in samples with mixed particles and SWCNT. In some instances, nanoparticles intensified the effects of hygrothermal conditions, further increasing fatigue life. The incorporation of nanoparticles and the use of bonded/bolted joints significantly enhanced joint strength, with the combination of both yielding the best results. This study improves the understanding of aging in adhesive and hybrid joints, particularly in dissimilar configurations, and offers insights into their performance under various environmental conditions.

Highlights

Study examines fullerene and SWCNT impacts on CTC/CTA joint strength and fatigue.

Optimal nanoparticle ratios differ for bonded and bonded/bolted joints.

Nanoparticles reduce moisture absorption, aging damage, and increase failure load.

Nanoparticles enhance fatigue life, varying by type, volume, load, and joint.

Incorporating nanoparticles significantly improves joint strength.
Enhancing interlaminar fracture toughness of carbon fiber/epoxy composites toughened by polyethersulfone resin and hybrid carbon nanotubes/graphene oxide
Authors: Wang Gongdong , Liu Xueqing , Wang Meng , Yu Mingchi , Zhang Hongxiang , He Long
Published: November 2024

In this study, to improve the interlayer fracture toughness of carbon fiber reinforced polymer (CFRP) composites, polyethersulfone (PES)/carbon nanotubes (CNTs)/graphene oxide (GO) hybrid films were prepared by wet phase transition method based on a total of seven different ratios of CNTs and GO, 0:5, 1:4, 2:3, 1:1, 3:2, 4:1, and 0:5 (with a total concentration of 1 wt%). The optimal toughening system of hybrid particles mixed with thermoplastic resin films for CFRP composites was investigated by the double cantilever beam test and end notched flexure test. The results showed that when 20 wt% of PES was added to the film and the ratios of CNTs to GO were 3:2 and 2:3, respectively, the Mode I and II fracture toughness of the laminates were significantly enhanced. Compared with the original specimens, the increases were 123.66% and 204.55%, respectively. In addition, CNTs/GO = 3:2 had the best enhancement effect on the Mode I test, increasing by 111.84%, filling the gap in the effect of low temperature environment on the interlayer fracture performance of high‐performance composites. Finally, a scanning electron microscope was used to observe the microstructure of the fracture surface and analyze the toughening mechanism.

Highlights

Seven hybrid films with different ratios were prepared.

The superiority of film for enhancing the fracture toughness was verified.

Fills the gap in the interlayer toughness of samples at low temperature.
Influence of crosslinker on the properties of terpene‐based poly(high internal phase emulsion)s
Authors: Beyaz Rumeysa , Kramer Stanko , Kekevi Burcu , Mert E. Hilal , Pulko Irena , Krajnc Peter
Published: November 2024

Poly(high internal phase emulsion)s (polyHIPEs) are an important class of porous polymeric materials, where HIPEs are used to create hierarchical open porosity. In order to synthesize more sustainable and greener polymer materials, bio‐derived terpene‐based polyHIPEs are becoming increasingly important. Herein, polyHIPEs were synthesized by free radical copolymerization crosslinking of β‐myrcene with flexible poly(ethylene glycol dimethacrylate) or ethylene glycol dimethacrylate in water‐in‐oil HIPEs. The influence of using a flexible oligomeric crosslinker on pore morphology and mechanical properties of the resulting terpene‐based polyHIPEs was investigated. Morphological and mechanical characterization of the terpene‐based polyHIPEs reveals that using crosslinkers with varied flexibility significantly influences pore morphology and mechanical strength. In addition, altering the amount of crosslinker in the HIPE template has proved to be an important parameter in the final material properties. While the structure of the crosslinker has a less pronounced influence on the polyHIPE morphology, mechanical properties are significantly affected due to the difference in the resulting polymer architecture and free volume. © 2024 The Author(s). Polymer International published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd on behalf of Society of Chemical Industry.
Reliability of 1.5 × 1.5 mm2β‐Ga2O3 Power Diodes and Application in DC–DC Converter
Authors: Wu Feihong , Wen Junpeng , Liu Jinyang , Li Qiuyan , Han Zhao , Hao Weibing , Zhou Xuanze , Xu Guangwei , Long Shibing
Published: November 2024

High breakdown voltage and exceptional robustness make β‐Ga2O3 power devices a key focus of current research. Despite growing attention to the reliability of β‐Ga2O3 devices, systematic studies are still limited, and comparative analyses between different structures remain unreported. This study presents a comparative analysis of β‐Ga2O3 Schottky barrier diodes (SBD) and p‐NiO/β‐Ga2O3 heterojunction diodes (HJD) with mesa termination through comprehensive reliability test, including high‐temperature storage, reverse recovery, surge current, and rectification characteristics. The results indicate that the SBDs outperform in high‐frequency rectification performance up to 1 MHz, whereas the HJDs demonstrate superior high‐temperature stability of 250 °C. The surge current densities of the SBD and HJD devices reach 0.88 and 0.78 kA cm−2, respectively, representing the highest values reported to date. In particular, the efficiency of both the SBD and HJD devices exceeds 95% in circuit application, with SBD excelling in high‐frequency mode and HJD performing optimally in high‐temperature conditions. This study highlights the high reliability of β‐Ga2O3 devices and provides valuable insights for the application under varied operating conditions.
Comorbidity profiles and pulmonary embolism risk assessment: Leveraging the Charlson Comorbidity Index for improved prognostication in a national data set
Authors: Ho Truong‐An , Lio Ka U. , Patel Palakkumar , Wang Yichen , Arshad Hammad , Li Si , Rali Parth
Published: November 2024

Current risk assessment of pulmonary embolism (PE) stratifies patients based on hemodynamic stability, clinical parameters of severity, right ventricular dysfunction and cardiac injury but fails to integrate a wide variety of comorbid conditions. The Charlson Comorbidity Index (CCI) predicts mortality based on patients' diseases and provides a system to quantify disease burden. The National Inpatient Sample (NIS) database (2016–2018) was used to identify patients with PE and calculate CCI score groups of 0, 1–2, 3–5, and ≥6 and stratify them by outcome. Of 561,625 patients with PE, 176,460 (31.4%) had CCI score of 0, 223,870 (39.8%) had CCI of 1–2, 102,305 (18.2%) had CCI of 3–5, and 58,990 (10.5%) had CCI ≥ 6. Higher CCI scores were associated with increased mortality: CCI 1–2 (adjusted odds ratio [aOR] 2.09), CCI 3–5 (aOR 3.12), CCI ≥ 6 (aOR 5.44) compared to CCI 0, along with stepwise increases in shock and mechanical ventilation with each increase in CCI score group. CCI scores ≥3 had increased length of stay (1.4–1.72 days) and increased total hospital costs ($3651–$4265) compared to CCI0. Patients with CCI ≥ 3 were less likely to receive systemic thrombolysis, catheter directed thrombolysis and mechanical thrombectomy. Acute PE in patients with elevated comorbidity scores is associated with higher morbidity and mortality, increased hospital resource utilization, and decreased usage of advanced therapies in a large cohort reflective of patients across the United States. Integration of comorbidities in risk assessment profiles identifies patients with higher short‐term mortality which may guide management strategy.
Hyperbolic Site Percolation
Authors: Grimmett Geoffrey R. , Li Zhongyang
Published: November 2024

Several results are presented for site percolation on quasi‐transitive, planar graphs with one end, when properly embedded in either the Euclidean or hyperbolic plane. If is a matching pair derived from some quasi‐transitive mosaic , then , where is the critical probability for the existence of an infinite cluster, and is the critical value for the existence of a unique such cluster. This fulfils and extends to the hyperbolic plane an observation of Sykes and Essam (1964), and it extends to quasi‐transitive site models a theorem of Benjamini and Schramm (Thm. 3.8, Journal of the American Mathematical Society 14 (2001): 487–507) for transitive bond percolation. It follows that , where denotes the matching graph of . In particular, and hence, when is amenable we have . When combined with the main result of the companion paper by the same authors (Random Structures & Algorithms (2024)), we obtain for transitive that the strict inequality holds if and only if is not a triangulation. A key technique is a method for expressing a planar site percolation process on a matching pair in terms of a dependent bond process on the corresponding dual pair of graphs. Amongst other matters, the results reported here answer positively two conjectures of Benjamini and Schramm (Conj. 7, 8, Electronic Communications in Probability 1 (1996): 71–82) in the case of quasi‐transitive graphs.
Impact of Tetrakis(dimethylamido)tin(IV) Degradation on Atomic Layer Deposition of Tin Oxide Films and Perovskite Solar Cells
Authors: Qiu Shuang , Amaro Augusto , Fabulyak Diana , Appleby‐Millette Julien , Conover Cassidy , Zhang Dongyang , Yeddu Vishal , Cheong I Teng , Paci Irina , Saidaminov Makhsud I.
Published: November 2024

Tin oxide (SnOx) films synthesized by atomic layer deposition (ALD) are widely explored in a range of optoelectronic devices including electrochemical sensors, transistors, and photovoltaics. However, the integrity of the key ALD‐SnOx precursor, namely tetrakis(dimethylamido)tin (IV) (TDMASn), and its influence on the properties of ultimate films remain unexplored. Here a significant degradation of TDMASn into bis(dimethylamido)tin(II) via the Sn‐imine complex is reported, and its impact on the corresponding films and devices is examined. It is found, surprisingly, that this degradation does not affect the growth kinetics and morphology of ALD‐SnOx films. But it notably deteriorates their electronic properties, resulting in films with twice the electrical resistance due to different oxidation mechanisms of the degradation products. Perovskite solar cells employing such films exhibit a significant loss in power conversion efficiency, primarily due to charge transport and transfer losses. These findings urge strategies to stabilize TDMASn, a critical precursor for ALD‐SnOx films, or to identify alternative materials to achieve efficient and reliable devices.
Amphiphilic Gelator‐Based Shear‐Thinning Hydrogel for Minimally Invasive Delivery via Endoscopy Catheter to Remove Gastrointestinal Polyps
Authors: Dave Harshil , Vithalani Hitasha , Singh Hemant , Yadav Indu , Jain Abhinav , Pal Ankit , Patidar Nishant , Navale Archana , Dhanka Mukesh
Published: November 2024

Injectable polymeric hydrogels delivered via endoscopic catheter have emerged as promising submucosal agents, offering durable, long‐lasting cushions to enhance the efficacy of endoscopic submucosal dissection (ESD) for the removal of small, flat polyps from the gastrointestinal tract (GIT). However, polymer‐based injections do not meet the easy‐injectability criteria via catheter because their high viscosity tends to clog the catheter needle. To the best of knowledge, for the first time, report the fabrication of an amphiphile‐based small molecule hydrogel of diglycerol monostearate (DGMS) that self‐assembles to form hydrogel (DGMSH) for delivery via an endoscopic catheter. Physicochemical characterization of the hydrogel reveals its fibrous morphology, shear‐thinning behaviour, and easy injectability, along with its scalability and long shelf‐life (6 months). Ex vivo studies on the goat's stomach and intestine demonstrate the ease of injectability through the catheters and the development of visible submucosal cushion depots with the desired height. Moreover, the hydrogel can encapsulate both hydrophobic and hydrophilic drugs/dyes. In vivo studies in small animals have found that the hydrogel depot is durable, biocompatible, non‐immunogenic, and has a hemostatic effect. Endoscopic studies in the porcine model demonstrate a safe injection and endoscopic excision of GI polyps acting as a suitable agent for ESD.
Clinical course and MRI lesion progression over 4 years in a dog with final diagnosis of high‐grade oligodendroglioma
Authors: Tomazi Fabiana Graciolli , Stein Veronika M. , Oevermann Anna , Meneses Felix , Maiolini Arianna
Published: November 2024

A 9‐month‐old Cavalier King Charles Spaniel with 3‐month history of paroxysmal episodes of cervical pain and scratching had a magnetic resonance imaging revealing a large intra‐axial cystic lesion in the left frontal lobe, caudal transtentorial and foraminal brain herniation, and cervical syringomyelia. Despite suspected high‐grade glioma, clinical signs improved under palliative treatment. Follow‐up magnetic resonance imaging 2.5 years later showed a similar lesion size, with no radiological evidence of increased intracranial pressure. The differential diagnosis was reconsidered to possibly porencephaly, congenital cystic malformation or parasitic cyst. The dog remained clinically stable for 19 months before developing acute generalised, single, self‐limiting seizures, deteriorating to cluster seizures, stupor, cardiovascular arrest and death. Postmortem magnetic resonance imaging revealed lesion progression with ventricle invasion. Neuropathology confirmed a high‐grade oligodendroglioma with subarachnoid and intraventricular drop metastasis. This is the first report describing long‐term clinical course and magnetic resonance imaging lesion progression under palliative treatment of a dog ultimately diagnosed with high‐grade oligodendroglioma.
Variation in population size, nest distribution, colony extent, and timing of movements at the largest known parrot colony
Authors: Masello Juan F. , Gonther Lena , Failla Mauricio , Wemhoff‐de Groot Heike , Llanos Fabián , Sommer Christina , Mundry Roger , Seijas Verónica , Quillfeldt Petra
Published: November 2024

Psittaciformes are among the most threatened birds, and population size and trend estimates are needed to aid conservation. The burrowing parrot Cyanoliseus patagonus is undergoing substantial changes in its population size, due to habitat degradation, trapping for the pet trade, and persecution as crop pest. The species formerly had several large colonies, but these were severely reduced during a programme of agricultural pest control. Currently, only one large colony remains, together with a decreasing number of smaller colonies spread throughout the Monte and adjacent ecoregions. The colony at El Cóndor, north‐eastern Patagonia, Argentina, is of particular importance, concentrating 71% of the global breeding population of burrowing parrots. We aimed to determine changes in 1) breeding population size, 2) the extent of the colony, 3) the distribution of nests along the colony, and 4) the timing of movements from the nest to the foraging locations during the breeding season, over our long‐term study (1998–2019). We found that the number of active nests declined from 37 531 in 2001 to 21 883 in 2005, and recovered in the following years, reaching 40 671 nests in 2019. The decline observed in 2005 could be related to droughts and associated food shortage during the La Niña phase of El Niño Southern Oscillation. The colony expanded westwards, from 9 km length in 2001, to 18.1 km in 2019. During the same period, the part of the colony with the highest number of active nests shifted 5 km westwards from El Cóndor village. Both changes could be the consequence of human disturbance. As any serious threat affecting this colony could have severe consequences for the survival of the species, regular monitoring is needed, together with legal protection of the burrowing parrot colony at El Cóndor and the Monte ecosystem around it.
Nanoparticles Bounded to Interfering RNAs as a Therapy for Pancreatic Cancer: A Systematic Review
Authors: Lara Patricia , Quiñonero Francisco , Ortiz Raul , Prados Jose , Melguizo Consolación
Published: November 2024

Pancreatic cancer is one of the tumors with poor prognosis and low survival due to late diagnosis, high resistance, and very limited effective therapeutic options. Thus, new pharmacological treatments are necessary to improve the prognosis of patients. In this context, nanoparticles represent an efficient system for transporting and administering therapeutic molecules. Furthermore, siRNA can be used in cancer treatment to selectively inhibit the expression of any target gene. Therefore, nanoparticles associated with siRNA have been tested as a new therapeutic strategy to solve the pancreatic cancer treatment failure in the clinical setting. The current article presents a systematic revision of the literature of the last 10 years in which nanoparticles loading siRNA are used in pancreatic cancer. This research was carried out in three databases (PubMed, Scopus, and Web of Science) obtaining 164 articles from which 37 were selected. Our results show an overall view of the high effectiveness of this new therapy that combines nanoparticles with genetic therapy in pancreatic cancer suggesting that siRNA‐based medicines will likely open up a new therapeutic era in the treatment of this type of tumors.
Experimental Study on Shear Characteristics of Gravelly Soil of Core Wall of Lianghekou Dam Under Freeze–Thaw Conditions
Authors: Zheng Bo , Liu Enlong
Published: November 2024

In order to study the mechanical properties of the upper loosely-paved gravelly soil used to protect the compacted dam material under the freeze–thaw cycle during winter construction on the engineering site, the gravelly soil with the soil-rock ratio of 7:3 was mixed evenly and sealed under the corresponding dry density and moisture content, and then subjected to freeze–thaw cycles. After reaching the corresponding freeze–thaw times, the compaction samples were taken out. The direct shear tests were conducted on gravelly soil after freeze–thaw cycles under different vertical pressures and the change pattern of mechanical properties were analyzed. The experimental results show that freeze–thaw cycles have no significant effect on the shear strength of soil samples under the lower vertical pressure. Under the higher vertical pressure, the shear strength of soil samples decreases with the number of freeze–thaw cycles and then stabilizes. The effect of freeze–thaw cycles on the shear strength parameters of the gravelly soil is more obvious. As the number of freeze–thaw cycles increases, the cohesive force tends to increase, while the internal friction angle decreases, tending to stabilization after 10 freeze–thaw cycles.
Analysis of the Saltwater Intrusion Prevention Effect of Pump for Ship Locks in the Estuary
Authors: Wang He , Li Chihong , Hu Yazhou , Zheng Jing , Chen Hong
Published: November 2024

This article comprehensively considers hydrogeological and meteorological conditions, including topography, tides, runoff, and wind. Integrating factors such as ship lock operation rules and tidal dynamic parameters, a two-dimensional tidal salinity model is established. The study further conducts computational analyses on the desalination effects of various pump operation processes in the newly constructed ship lock on the estuary. The results show that during the ship lock operation, saltwater plumes can enter inland rivers through tidal dynamics and accumulate on one side of the ship lock, leading to upstream propagation. In addition, high saltwater backflow and rapid upstream propagation of saltwater accumulation were observed during high tides. This study also studied the model calculation and analysis of anti-salt pump stations of different scales and operating processes, providing theoretical basis and technical support for engineering design plans.
Study on Progressive Failure Mechanism of High and Steep Overburden Slope Under Rainfall
Authors: Zhai Xing , Li Chenxi , Liu Yu , Li Hui
Published: November 2024

This paper summarizes the typical landslide characteristics and main triggering factors by statistically analyzing the detailed investigation data of 51 landslides in Hebei Province, among which rainfall-induced cover-type landslides are the most typical form of landslides. In order to study the destabilizing and destructive mechanism of high steep cover type slope under the action of rainfall infiltration, taking a cover type slope as an example, based on the theory of unsaturated seepage and shear strength, the changing rules of seepage field, displacement field, plasticity zone, and sliding cracking surface of the cover type slope under the condition of intermittent rainfall were analyzed by using the slip surface stress method, and the safety coefficient of the slope under the action of rainfall was calculated. The results show that: after the rainfall starts, because the shallow soil layer of the slope is mainly coarse gravel soil and gravel soil, with relatively strong permeability, the rainwater on the slope surface infiltrates into the interior of the slope body and softens the soil body along the soil-rock interface, and the soil body of the slope body produces displacement at the leading and trailing edges, and shallow sliding is formed in the slope; with the continuation of the rainfall, the slope produces a through plastic zone, and the soil body of the leading edge pulls the central pile body to produce traction slip, and the trailing edge of the soil body produces traction slip, and the trailing edge of the soil body produces traction slip. As the rainfall continues, the slope produces through plastic zone, the leading edge soil body pulls the central pile body to produce traction slip, the trailing edge soil body pushes the central pile body to produce nudging slip, and the deformation gradually develops from the surface to the depth, from the leading edge to the trailing edge.
Study on Risk Assessment Method of Cascade Reservoirs Based on Hidden Danger Investigation
Authors: Xie Yuwei , Pubucireng  , Wan Yuanwu , Peng Xuehui , Jing Peiran
Published: November 2024

There are numerous cascade reservoirs in China’s small and medium-sized river basins. Once the cascade reservoirs break, the disastrous consequences will result in extreme economic, social, and ecological losses. According to the hidden danger investigation results of cascade reservoirs, a risk assessment method and standard for cascade reservoirs were proposed and established based on the risk matrix method, which provides a foundation for the risk assessment of cascade reservoirs. Taking the D, C, and H cascade reservoirs as the case study, according to the hidden danger investigation results and dam break consequences of the reservoirs, it was concluded that the risk levels of the three reservoirs were in order of extremely high risk, high risk, and high risk. Therefore, it is suggested that engineering and non-engineering measures should be taken to reduce the cascade reservoir’s risk to ensure the high-quality and safe operation of the cascade reservoir group in China.
Study of Discharge Capacity of Curved Weir
Authors: Qiu Peisheng , Zhou Yu , Wang Linjie , Guo Yuan , Ge Tinghui , Wang Dongxue , Xu Minrong , Mao Xin , Zhu Shuxian
Published: November 2024

The curved weir, as an innovative weir design, offers an extended upstream edge compared to orthogonal weirs, enhancing discharge capacity across its width and ensuring river flow safety. However, for rivers of fixed width, the effects of the curved configurations, partically the central angles, on hydraulic performance, warrant further investigation. This research uses FLOW-3D software to numerically simulate curved weir and orthogonal weir with different central angles (120°, 150° and 180°), and comparatively analyses the hydraulic characteristics of the two types of weirs under different upstream head conditions in terms of flow pattern, flow velocity, discharge coefficient and so on. The results show that under the condition of low upstream head, the discharge capacity of curved weir is obviously stronger than that of orthogonal weir, and when the degree of central angle α = 120°, which provides the necessary theoretical basis for the practical popularization of curved weir.
Study on Dynamic Risk Assessment of Urban Flood Based on Improved Genetic Algorithm
Authors: Zhao Mengqi , Wang Zhining , Cen Dandong , Zhang Yaoyi
Published: November 2024

Study on risk assessment of urban flood is the key to ensure the operation safety of city. In existing researches, the dynamic impact factors were not taken into account, and the evaluation method based on heuristic algorithm depends on a large number of training samples. To solve the above deficiencies, dynamic risk assessment of urban flood based on improved genetic algorithm was proposed in this paper. In this assessment index system, disaster-inducing factors, hazard-inducing environment, hazard-affected body, disaster prevention and reduction ability are taken into considered. The dynamic assessment of urban flood risk for small sample is realized by using genetic algorithm improved by date augmentation, also the consistency and superiority of the method are verified by case study. The research results of this paper provide a new idea and a technical mean for the dynamic management of urban flood risk assessment, and have very important value of application and promotion.
Study on Hydrodynamic Load of Permeable Structure for Offshore Oilfield Based on Model Test
Authors: Qin Qing , Qi Jingjing
Published: November 2024

In order to identify the hydrodynamic load of a new type of permeable structure for the offshore oilfield, a physical simulation test is performed using a scale model. The variation of hydrodynamic load parameters of the new permeable structure under different working conditions is compared. The results can provide basic data for optimization of structural parameters of the new permeable structure for offshore oilfields. The relevant experimental results can provide basic data for optimizing the structural parameters of permeable structures in tidal flats, and provide a basis for the engineering design and construction of permeable structures.
Study on Hydraulic Characteristics of Rock Plug Inlet/Outlet Blasting Process in a Power Station
Authors: Yang Shaojia , Wang Yongqing , Zhang Tao
Published: November 2024

Hydraulic characteristics of rock plug blasting are the key to successful construction of rock plug inlet/outlet. In this paper, the hydraulic characteristics of rock plug blasting at the inlet/outlet of the lower reservoir of a pumped storage power station are studied by means of physical model test. The characteristic laws of water hammer pressure, surge of gate shaft and accumulation effect during blasting are obtained. The results verify the rationality of the design type of rock plug inlet, and demonstrate the feasibility of using gate direct water blocking scheme and high water level blasting during rock plug blasting. The research results can provide technical support for the design and construction of this project, and provide reference for similar projects.
Application of Multi-objective Intelligent Management and Control Platform for Cascade Reservoirs—Case Study on Nam Ou River in Laos
Authors: Li Yang , Zhou Jianxin , Dai Rong , Li Tianqing , Yang Baiyin
Published: November 2024

In the construction and operation of cascaded reservoir groups, higher requirements have been put forward for multi-objective optimization scheduling of cascaded reservoir groups, aiming to promote benefits and eliminate hazards through joint scheduling, leverage comprehensive benefits, ensure basin safety, and meet the needs of digital transformation of hydropower and water conservancy. Based on the research of integrated methods for hydrological forecasting, multi-objective scheduling, and decision-making of basin cascade reservoirs, this study constructs a multi-objective intelligent control system that serves hydrological forecasting, cascade scheduling, flood control, and risk assessment of cascade reservoirs, and applies it to the development of cascade hydropower in the southern European river basin of Laos.
Seismic Safety of a High Geomembrane Faced Soft Rockfill Dam on Overburden Subjected to Strong Earthquake
Authors: Wang Libo , Cen Weijun , Wang Dongliang , Tang Jie
Published: November 2024

3D dynamic finite element calculation is carried out for a 161 m high geomembrane faced soft rockfill dam on overburden in a strong earthquake area. The dynamic response of the dam is obtained. The horizontal dynamic displacement is relatively more significant. The maximum vertical permanent deformation and deflection of geomembrane occur at the dam crest near the maximum dam cross section. The tensile strain of geomembrane increases significantly at the dig-fill junction and the reverse arc section. The maximum tensile strain of geomembrane is 1.52%, and the safety factor of geomembrane tensile strain is greater than the allowable value. Even subjected to the strong earthquake, the geomembrane slab can effectively coordinate the deformation with the dam body and deep overburden and the dam can be in a safe operation state.
In-medium gluon radiation spectrum with all-order resummation of multiple scatterings in longitudinally evolving media
Authors: Andres Carlota , Apolinário Liliana , Dominguez Fabio , Martinez Marcos Gonzalez
Published: November 2024

Abstract

Over the past years, there has been a sustained effort to systematically enhance our understanding of medium-induced emissions occurring in the quark-gluon plasma, driven by the ultimate goal of advancing our comprehension of jet quenching phenomena. To ensure meaningful comparisons between these new calculations and experimental data, it becomes crucial to model the interplay between the radiation process and the evolution of the medium parameters, typically described by a hydrodynamical simulation. This step presents particular challenges when dealing with calculations involving the resummation of multiple scatterings, which have been shown to be necessary for achieving an accurate description of the in-medium emission process. In this paper, we extend our numerical calculations of the fully-resummed gluon spectrum to account for longitudinally expanding media. This new implementation allows us to quantitatively assess the accuracy of previously proposed scaling laws that establish a correspondence between an expanding medium and a “static equivalent”. Additionally, we show that such scaling laws yield significantly improved results when the static reference case is replaced by an expanding medium with the temperature following a simple power-law decay. Such correspondence will enable the application of numerical calculations of medium-induced energy loss in realistic evolving media for a broader range of phenomenological studies.
Electroweak corrections to Higgs boson pair production: the top-Yukawa and self-coupling contributions
Authors: Heinrich G. , Jones S. P. , Kerner M. , Stone T. W. , Vestner A.
Published: November 2024

Abstract

We present results for the Yukawa-enhanced and Higgs self-coupling type electroweak corrections to di-Higgs production in gluon fusion. The calculation of the corresponding four-scale, two-loop amplitude is carried out retaining the exact symbolic dependence on all masses and scales during the reduction to master integrals. The resulting integrals are then evaluated at high precision using both the series expansion of the differential equations and sector decomposition. Differential cross sections for the di-Higgs invariant mass and the transverse momentum of a Higgs boson are shown, where we find that the corrections are most pronounced at low invariant mass and transverse momentum.
The human biological advantage over AI
Authors: Stewart William
Published: November 2024

Recent advances in AI raise the possibility that AI systems will one day be able to do anything humans can do, only better. If artificial general intelligence (AGI) is achieved, AI systems may be able to understand, reason, problem solve, create, and evolve at a level and speed that humans will increasingly be unable to match, or even understand. These possibilities raise a natural question as to whether AI will eventually become superior to humans, a successor “digital species”, with a rightful claim to assume leadership of the universe. However, a deeper consideration suggests the overlooked differentiator between human beings and AI is not the brain, but the central nervous system (CNS), providing us with an immersive integration with physical reality. It is our CNS that enables us to experience emotion including pain, joy, suffering, and love, and therefore to fully appreciate the consequences of our actions on the world around us. And that emotional understanding of the consequences of our actions is what is required to be able to develop sustainable ethical systems, and so be fully qualified to be the leaders of the universe. A CNS cannot be manufactured or simulated; it must be grown as a biological construct. And so, even the development of consciousness will not be sufficient to make AI systems superior to humans. AI systems may become more capable than humans on almost every measure and transform our society. However, the best foundation for leadership of our universe will always be DNA, not silicon.
Democratizing AI in public administration: improving equity through maximum feasible participation
Authors: Taylor Randon R. , Murphy John W. , Hoston William T. , Senkaiahliyan Senthujan
Published: November 2024

In an era defined by the global surge in the adoption of AI-enabled technologies within public administration, the promises of efficiency and progress are being overshadowed by instances of deepening social inequality, particularly among vulnerable populations. To address this issue, we argue that democratizing AI is a pivotal step toward fostering trust, equity, and fairness within our societies. This article navigates the existing debates surrounding AI democratization but also endeavors to revive and adapt the historical social justice framework, maximum feasible participation, for contemporary participatory applications in deploying AI-enabled technologies in public administration. In our exploration of the multifaceted dimensions of AI’s impact on public administration, we provide a roadmap that can lead beyond rhetoric to practical solutions in the integration of AI in public administration.
Predictive Factors for Clean Intermittent Catheterization after Intravesical OnabotulinumtoxinA Injections in Women with Overactive Bladder: a Danish Retrospective Cohort Study
Authors: El Issaoui Meryam , Elissaoui Sophia , Elmelund Marlene , Klarskov Niels
Published: November 2024

Introduction and Hypothesis

We aimed to evaluate the clean intermittent catheterization (CIC) rate in women undergoing their first OnabotulinumtoxinA (BTX-A) treatment and to investigate factors predictive of initiating CIC.

Methods

This was a retrospective cohort of women, who had their first BTX-A treatment for symptoms of overactive bladder (OAB) syndrome, with a pretreatment urodynamic study (UDS). We reviewed demographic, medical and gynecological history, UDS, pretreatment bladder diaries, objective examinations, BTX-A treatment details, and post-void residual (PVR) reports in the electronic medical record. Botox® Allergan 100 International Units were injected into the detrusor at 10–20 sites. Statistical analyses included univariate and multivariate logistic regression analyses.

Results

We included 397 women. Median age was 68 (Q1–Q3: 54–76) years. CIC rate was 8.6% (n = 34) following the first BTX-A treatment. Urgency urinary incontinence (UUI) reduced the risk of undergoing CIC (OR 0.30, 95% CI 0.09–0.97). A bladder capacity of 500 ml or greater in the bladder diary increased the risk of CIC (OR 2.46, 95% CI 1.06–5.70), whereas reported leakages were associated with a decreased risk of CIC (OR 0.24, 95% CI 0.10–0.57). Multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that anterior colporrhaphy (OR 3.71, 95% CI 1.52–9.06) and 10-ml increments in median maximum cystometric capacity (OR 1.03, 95% CI 1.00–1.06) predicted CIC, whereas UUI was a protective factor for CIC (OR 0.23, 95% CI 0.07–0.79).

Conclusions

A history of anterior colporrhaphy, large bladder capacity, and absence of incontinence episodes in bladder diary or UDS were risk factors for CIC after the first BTX-A treatment.
Perfect Pseudo-Matchings in Cubic Graphs
Authors: Fleischner Herbert , Gh Behrooz Bagheri , Klocker Benedikt
Published: November 2024

A M in a cubic graph G is a spanning subgraph of G such that every component of M is isomorphic to $$K_2$$

K
2

or to $$K_{1,3}$$

K

1
,
3

. In view of snarks G with dominating cycle C, this is a natural generalization of perfect matchings since $$G \setminus E(C)$$

G
\
E
(
C
)

is a perfect pseudo-matching. Of special interest are such M where G/M is planar because such G have a cycle double cover. We show that various well known classes of snarks contain planarizing perfect pseudo-matchings, and that there are at least as many snarks with planarizing perfect pseudo-matchings as there are cyclically $$5-$$

5
-

edge-connected snarks.
Compartment-specific small non-coding RNA changes and nucleolar defects in human mesial temporal lobe epilepsy
Authors: Vangoor Vamshidhar R. , Giuliani Giuliano , de Wit Marina , Rangel Carolina K. , Venø Morten T. , Schulte Joran T. , Gomes-Duarte Andreia , Senthilkumar Ketharini , Puhakka Noora , Kjems Jørgen , de Graan Pierre N. E. , Pasterkamp R. Jeroen
Published: November 2024

Mesial temporal lobe epilepsy (mTLE) is a debilitating disease characterized by recurrent seizures originating from temporal lobe structures such as the hippocampus. The pathogenic mechanisms underlying mTLE are incompletely understood but include changes in the expression of non-coding RNAs in affected brain regions. Previous work indicates that some of these changes may be selective to specific sub-cellular compartments, but the full extent of these changes and how these sub-cellular compartments themselves are affected remains largely unknown. Here, we performed small RNA sequencing (RNA-seq) of sub-cellular fractions of hippocampal tissue from mTLE patients and controls to determine nuclear and cytoplasmic expression levels of microRNAs (miRNAs). This showed differential expression of miRNAs and isomiRs, several of which displayed enriched nuclear expression in mTLE. Subsequent analysis of miR-92b, the most strongly deregulated miRNA in the nucleus, showed accumulation of this miRNA in the nucleolus in mTLE and association with snoRNAs. This prompted us to further study the nucleolus in human mTLE which uncovered several defects, such as altered nucleolar size or shape, mis-localization of nucleolar proteins, and deregulation of snoRNAs, indicative of nucleolar stress. In a rat model of epilepsy, nucleolar phenotypes were detected in the latency period before the onset of spontaneous seizures, suggesting that nucleolar changes may contribute to the development of seizures and mTLE. Overall, these data for the first time implicate nucleolar defects in the pathogenesis of mTLE and provide a valuable framework for further defining the functional consequences of altered sub-cellular RNA profiles in this disease.
Impact of meconium-stained amniotic fluid thickness on maternal infectious morbidity: a comprehensive clinical and microbiological analysis
Authors: Abu Shqara Raneen , Lowenstein Lior , Frank Wolf Maya
Published: November 2024

Purpose

The aim of this study was to investigate the correlation between the thickness of meconium-stained amniotic fluid (MSAF) and maternal infectious morbidity.

Methods

A retrospective study of 15,950 term singleton pregnancies at a tertiary hospital (2020–2024). Women were categorized into four groups based on the presence and thickness of MSAF: clear, light, intermediate, and thick. The co-primary outcomes were clinical chorioamnionitis and puerperal endometritis, defined as a composite maternal infectious morbidity. In women with intrapartum fever (IPF), chorioamniotic swabs were obtained and compared according MSAF thickness. Multivariate analysis identified predictors of a composite maternal infections and adverse neonatal outcomes.

Results

Of the cohort, 13,745 had clear amniotic fluid, and 2,205 had MSAF (561 light, 1,426 intermediate, 218 thick). The incidence of maternal infections increased with MSAF thickness, with thick MSAF showing the highest rates of clinical chorioamnionitis (4.1%, p < 0.001) and endometritis (1.4%, p = 0.039). In IPF cases, thicker MSAF was associated with a higher prevalence of positive swab cultures, particularly of Enterobacteriaceae (61.9%). Group B Streptococcus (GBS) remained consistent across all MSAF groups. Multivariate analysis showed that MSAF levels were associated with increased maternal infectious morbidity (p < 0.001). Additional risk factors for maternal infections included nulliparity (p < 0.001), catheter balloon insertion (p = 0.004), prolonged ROM (p < 0.001), and cesarean delivery (p < 0.001). In contrast, only intermediate (p < 0.001) and thick MSAF (p < 0.001) correlated with adverse neonatal outcomes.

Conclusion

Greater severity of MSAF is associated with increased maternal infectious morbidity, especially infections related to Enterobacteriaceae. Studies about preventive measures in cases of thick MSAF are warranted.
How to best assess shedder status: a comparison of popular shedder tests
Authors: Ali Darya , van Oorschot Roland A. H. , Linacre Adrian , Goray Mariya
Published: November 2024

“Shedder status” describes the inherent variation between individuals to leave touch DNA on a surface through direct contact. Depending on the amount and quality of DNA or cellular deposition, individuals are typically deemed high, intermediate, or low shedders. Although many shedder tests have been described, variability in study design and categorisation criteria has limited the ability of researchers to accurately compare results, as well as accrue the necessary population data. As activity level reporting becomes more common, the need for reliable and standardised testing increases. To assess reproducibility, this study compared shedder status data generated by six participants using three different shedder tests, as modified from the literature. This involved DNA quantification and profiling of a handprint made on a glass plate, DNA quantification and profiling of a grip mark made on a plastic conical tube, and cell scoring of a Diamond™ Dye-stained fingermark. All participants washed and dried their hands fifteen minutes before each deposit. To assess the impact of behaviour on shedder designation, participants either refrained from activity or went about their daily tasks during this wait. The shedder status of participants changed between tests, as DNA-based testing often generated lower shedder statuses than cell scores. Further, when different categorisation methods were applied to a single test, intra-person variability increased as the number of shedder designations increased from two (low/high) to five (low/low-intermediate/intermediate/intermediate-high/high). Moving forward, the utilisation of a single shedder test and standardised categorisation criteria is needed to employ shedder testing in forensic casework.
Freiheit in der Zwickmühle
Authors: Nebel Lisa , Mardus Bettina , Sell Christian
Published: November 2024

Zwanghafte und psychotische Symptome treten häufig zeitgleich oder aufeinanderfolgend auf, was verschiedene psychoanalytische Theorien auf mögliche funktionale Zusammenhänge von Zwang und Psychose zurückführen. Dieser Hypothese soll in einer systematischen Einzelfallstudie nachgegangen werden, in der qualitative und quantitative Daten aus der stationären Behandlung einer Patientin mit zwanghaften und paranoid-halluzinatorischen Symptomen gemäß dem Hermeneutic Single-Case Efficacy Design (HSCED) ausgewertet werden. Die Ergebnisse deuten auf einen Zusammenhang beider Symptomgruppen im Sinne einer gemeinsamen oder abwechselnden psychischen Triangulierungsfunktion hin: Zwang und psychotische Symptomatik können anscheinend, für sich genommen oder im Zusammenspiel, eine von der Patientin dringend benötigte dritte Position vorübergehend einführen – wenn auch unter massiven Kompromissen für die Lebensqualität der Patientin. Solche funktionalen Zusammenhänge haben Implikationen für die Beurteilung des Behandlungserfolgs. Wir diskutieren, dass bei solch komplexen Dynamiken in der Psychosentherapie die Notwendigkeit besteht, psychodynamische Konzepte von therapeutischer Entwicklung mit einem Modell von Personal Recovery zusammenzudenken.
Laser hemorrhoidoplasty versus hemorrhoidectomy in the treatment of surgically indicated hemorrhoids in inflammatory bowel patients: a randomized comparative clinical study
Authors: Zakaria Reham , Amin Mohamed Mahmoud , Abo-Alella Heba Alhussein , Hegab Yasmine Hany
Published: November 2024

Background

This study aims to assess and compare the outcomes of traditional surgery and laser surgery for anal hemorrhoids in patients with inflammatory bowel disease.

Methods

This is a single-center prospective randomized comparative clinical trial performed at Zagazig University Hospitals from September 2023 to September 2024. The study comprised 48 patients who were admitted during this period and had inflammatory bowel disease along with hemorrhoids. The patients were randomly allocated into two groups: Group I consisted of 24 patients who underwent laser hemorrhoidoplasty, selected based on odd numbers, while Group II consisted of 24 patients who underwent traditional surgery, selected based on even numbers.

Results

Group I, which underwent laser treatment for hemorrhoids in inflammatory bowel patients, demonstrated significantly better outcomes than traditional surgery (p < 0.001) regarding operation time, pain score and duration, postoperative anal discharge, return to work time, and patient satisfaction. Moreover, laser treatment was found to be more effective than traditional surgery for treating hemorrhoids in inflammatory bowel patients in terms of postoperative bleeding and anal stenosis. Additionally, there was a higher frequency of residual hemorrhoids in laser group.

Conclusion

Laser treatment is mostly superior to traditional surgery for hemorrhoids in inflammatory bowel patients.

Trial registration

Clinical Trial.gov (NCT06216223), registered on December 27, 2023, last updated in
May 12, 2024.

Protocol registration ID

#101080-5-9-2023