bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
A comparison of three-dimensional rotation formalisms for least-squares and Bayesian inverse kinematics
Authors: Serrien Ben , Aliaj Klevis , Pataky Todd
Published: April 2021

Marker-based inverse kinematics (IK) is prone to errors arising from measurementnoise and soft-tissue artefacts. Various least-squares and Bayesian methods canbe applied to limit the estimation error to a minimum. Recently proposed meth-ods like Bayesian IK come at an increased computational cost however. In thistechnical paper, we present an overview of eight different least squares or BayesianIK methods, including their accuracy and computational load for IK problemsinvolving a single rigid body and three rotational degrees-of-freedom, whose at-titude is estimated from four noisy marker positions. The results indicate thatNon-Linear Least Squares, Variational Bayesian and full Bayesian IK are supe-rior to Singular Value Decomposition in terms of accuracy, with approximatelya two-fold error reduction. However, only Non-Linear Least Squares and Varia-tional Bayesian IK are computationally efficient enough to scale towards practicaluse in biomechanical applications, with computational durations of 1-10 ms; fullyBayesian procedures required approximately 30 s for single rotation calculations.All Python code and supplementary material can be found in this paper’s GitHubrepository: https://github.com/benserrien/pybik.
Age-Appropriate Wisdom? Ethnobiological Knowledge Ontogeny in Pastoralist Mexican Choyeros
Authors: Schniter Eric , Macfarlan Shane , Garcia Juan J. , Ruiz‑Campos Gorgonio , Guevara Beltran Diego , Bowen Brenda B. , Bowen Brenda B.
Published: April 2021

We investigate whether age profiles of ethnobiological knowledge developmentare consistent with predictions derived from life history theory about the timing ofproductivity and reproduction. Life history models predict complementary knowledgeprofiles developing across the lifespan for women and men as they experiencechanges in embodied capital and the needs of dependent offspring. We evaluatethese predictions using an ethnobiological knowledge assessment tool developedfor an off-grid pastoralist population known as Choyeros, from Baja California Sur,Mexico. Our results indicate that while individuals acquire knowledge of most dangerousitems and edible resources by early adulthood, knowledge of plants and animalsrelevant to the age and sex divided labor domains and ecologies (e.g., women’shouse gardens, men’s herding activities in the wilderness) continues to develop intomiddle adulthood but to different degrees and at different rates for men and women.As the demands of offspring on parents accumulate with age, reproductive-agedadults continue to develop their knowledge to meet their children’s needs. After controllingfor vision, our analysis indicates that many post-reproductive adults showthe greatest ethnobiological knowledge. These findings extend our understanding ofthe evolved human life history by illustrating how changes in embodied capital andthe needs of dependent offspring predict the development of men’s and women’sethnobiological knowledge across the lifespan.
Psychometric Analysis of the Flow Short Scale translated to Finnish
Authors: Laakasuo Michael , Palomäki Jussi , Abuhamdeh Sami , Lappi Otto , Cowley Benjamin Ultan
Published: April 2021

We report a psychometric scale validation study on a Finnish translation of the Flow Short Scale (FSS). Data from 200 Finnish speaking participants were collected via the Prolific Academic platform. To analyse the scale's factorial structure, we performed Mokken scale analysis, Parallel Analysis, Very Simple Structures analysis and a standard Confirmatory Factor Analysis. Then, we evaluated the correlations between FSS and two other flow scales, the Flow State Scale and Flow Core Scale. Finally, we evaluated the FSS's ability to distinguish flow-inducing experiences from boring (non-flow-inducing) experiences. Collectively the results showed that an 8-item, two-factor version of the scale was a justified instrument with good psychometric properties.
Basic Value Orientations and Moral Foundations: Convergent or Discriminant Constructs?
Authors: Zapko-Willmes Alexandra , Schwartz Shalom , Richter Julia , Kandler Christian
Published: April 2021

This study examined the structural and genetic links between value orientations, based on the theory of basic values, and moral concerns, based on moral foundations theory. We hypothesized both structural and genetic convergence of Conservation (versus openness to change) with Binding foundations and of Self-transcendence (versus self-enhancement) with Individualizing foundations. We analyzed self- and informant ratings from 924 participants with extended multitrait-multirater modeling and ran twin model analyses on self-ratings from 555 twin pairs. For Conservation and Binding foundations, we found partial convergence across different rater perspectives and a substantial genetic overlap, but also distinct genetic factors. Self-transcendence and Individualizing foundations were found to be structurally divergent, but genetically linked. We discuss the conceptual and measurement-related implications of the findings.
COVID-19禍の日本社会と心理──2020年3月下旬実施調査に基づく検討──
Authors: Yamagata Mei , Teraguchi Tsukasa , Miura Asako
Published: April 2021

This paper has been accepted March 20, 2021. https://doi.org/10.4992/jjpsy.92.20222 (In Japanese, with English abstract.): The purpose of this study was to investigate the cognitions, behaviors, attitudes, and living conditions of Japanese people during the severe novel coronavirus pandemic that reached the country in January 2020 and to publish the data related to the study. Using experiential data gathered from 612 Japanese nationals in late March 2020, we conducted an exploratory analysis of the associations between the variables measured in order to capture an authentic portrait of a society grappling with an infectious disease. We found that infection preventive behaviors and exclusionary attitudes toward foreigners were associated with individual differences in the cognitive responses specific to infectious diseases and pathogen avoidance. In variables directly related to the pandemic, there were some differences by gender, but not by generation or area of residence. This study provides practical, essential information that could give academic researchers, policymakers, and social support agencies valuable insights into the social pathologies specific to infectious diseases, managing public health, and improving lives.
Feasibility of computerized positive mental imagery training as a treatment adjunct in inpatient mental health settings: a randomized controlled trial
Authors: Westermann Katharina , Woud Marcella Lydia , Cwik Jan Christopher , Graz Christian , Nyhuis Peter , Margraf Jürgen , Blackwell Simon Edward
Published: April 2021

Background: Positive affect and anhedonia are important but challenging targets for mental health treatments. Previous research indicates the potential of a computerized cognitive training paradigm involving generation of positive mental imagery, here termed positive mental imagery training (PMIT), to increase positive affect and reduce anhedonia. Aims: Our main aim was to investigate feasibility of PMIT as a positive affect-focussed transdiagnostic adjunct to treatment as usual (TAU) for patients in inpatient mental health settings (clinicaltrials.gov: NCT02958228). Method: We ran an open feasibility randomized controlled trial (RCT) with three parallel arms: TAU, TAU + PMIT, and TAU + an active comparator, cognitive control training (CCT). Fifty-seven patients from two different inpatient mental health treatment clinics in Germany were randomized in a 1:1:1 ratio. PMIT or CCT consisted of an introductory session then eight 15-minute training sessions over two weeks. Clinical outcomes such as positive affect (primary outcome measure) and anhedonia were assessed at pre- and post-training, and at a further 2-week follow-up. Results: Adherence was good and attrition low. The patterns of results for the outcome data were not consistent with a specific effect of PMIT on positive affect, but were more consistent with a specific effect on anhedonia.Conclusion: The results indicate feasibility and potential promise of a larger efficacy RCT investigating PMIT as a treatment adjunct in inpatient mental health settings. Limitations include lack of researcher blinding, the small sample size, and lack of pre-specified feasibility outcomes. Anhedonia may be a more suitable primary outcome for a future larger trial.
The effect of passion for activities on fear of COVID-19 and mental health among the Japanese population
Authors: Kubo Takahiro , Sugawara Daichi , Masuyama Akihiro
Published: April 2021

As the pandemic limited our lives, people engaged in their favorite activities; either in alternative ways or while disregarding the restrictions. These major activities and our engagement in these activities of life are considered to have a significant impact on our mental health. Thus, this study aimed to examine the relationship between two types of passion (harmonious passion and obsessive passion), fear of COVID-19 (emotional fear responses, symptomatic expressions of fear), and mental distress. To this end, 322 Japanese participants completed an online questionnaire. The results showed that harmonious passion (HP) was positively related to emotional fear responses and negatively to mental distress. On the other hand, obsessive passion (OP) was positively associated with symptomatic expressions of fear and negatively with mental distress. Symptomatic expressions of fear have a stronger positive relationship with mental distress than emotional fear reactions. This study evidenced that HP is a protective factor against pandemics as it improves mental health while appropriately recognizing fear of COVID-19. Focusing on different types of passion may prove effective in improving mental health amidst the pandemic.
Latent Profile Analysis in R: A tutorial and comparison to Mplus
Authors: Wardenaar Klaas J
Published: April 2021

Latent profile analysis (LPA) can be used to identify data-driven classes of individuals based on scoring patterns across continuous input variables.LPA can be conducted using commercially available software packages like Mplus, Latent Gold, and SAS, but it is also possible to use freely available R-packages.This tutorial aims to (1) help applied researchers to conduct an LPA in R and (2) to show how results obtained in R compare to those obtained in Mplus.
Social bias insights concern judgments rather than real-world decisions
Authors: Bialek Michal , Grossmann Igor
Published: April 2021

Judgments differ from decisions. Judgments are more abstract, decontextualized and bear fewer consequences for the agent. In pursuit of experimental control, psychological experiments on bias create a simplified, bare-bone representation of social behavior. These experiments resemble conditions in which people judge others, but not how they make real-world decisions.
A Schema Therapy Approach to Complex Dissociative Disorder in a Cross-Cultural Setting: A Single Case Study
Authors: Barbieri Alberto , Visco-Comandini Federica , Trianni Alessandra , Saliani Angelo Maria
Published: April 2021

Complex dissociative disorders (CDD) include dissociative identity disorder (DID) and the most common other specified dissociative disorder (OSDD, type 1). One of the strongest predictors of CDD is antecedent trauma, particularly early childhood trauma. Currently, consensus-based treatment guidelines for CDD are lacking. Schema Therapy (ST) is a psychotherapeutic approach that has been recently proposed as a treatment for CDD given its emphasis on the consequences of early childhood neglect and abuse, and the explanation within the therapeutic model of the patient’s experience of drastic shifts between personality states. The present case study examined the process of individual ST, in a three phases-based approach, with a 38-year-old male Arabic-speaking refugee with OSDD, type 1 (i.e., chronic dissociative disorder with mixed symptoms), posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) and borderline personality disorder (BPD). The setting included two therapists (co-therapy) and an interpreter/cultural mediator. We assessed the patient’s change by using self-report assessments of dissociative and PTSD symptoms, cognitive schemas over 2-year and 4-months treatment periods and a 6-months follow-up. We also assessed the therapeutic alliance. Posttreatment and follow-up reliable change analyses showed significant improvements in dissociative and PTSD symptoms as well as in some cognitive schemas. The therapeutic alliance between the patient and the therapists grew in a progressive and balanced way. This case study shows that ST within a phase-oriented approach may be an effective treatment for CDD. Our study also suggests cross-cultural validity of ST and, particularly, of modes construct. More research based on large samples is needed to confirm these assumptions.
Does hosting on Airbnb offer hosts vacation-like benefits? Proposing a reconceptualization of peer-to-peer accommodation
Authors: Dolnicar Sara , Talebi Hamid
Published: April 2021

Peer-to-peer accommodation is firmly positioned as a supply-side phenomenon. Hosts are seen as providers of services; they cater to the needs of guests. In contrast to this current understanding, we propose that hosting offers tourism-like benefits, suggesting – for the first time – that suppliers of tourism services may enjoy the benefits typically reserved for consumers of tourism services. As an initial empirical proof of principle of our proposition, we compare benefit patterns of real tourism with those of hosting and other potential travel alternatives. Hosting emerges as enabling residents to harvest some of the benefits of real tourism (which is particularly attractive to residents with limited ability to travel), and offering untapped opportunities for tourism management (accommodation capacity provision) and tourism marketing (word of mouth advertising). These results suggest that considering a reconceptualization of peer-to-peer accommodation as being both a supply- and demand-side phenomenon is warranted. Findings from this study can also help destinations to recruit new hosts, and highlight hosting as a travel alternative for people who are unable to engage in real travel.
Decoupling altruistic punishment: immune punishers learn to not cooperate, but still punish hypocritically.
Authors: Burton-Chellew Maxwell , Guérin Claire
Published: April 2021

Economic experiments, and evolutionary models, have suggested that human cooperation is sustained by altruistically motivated cooperators paying to punish non-cooperators. Consequently, punishment allows cooperators to happily match each other (conditionally cooperate), confident that they will not be exploited by non-cooperators. However, it is not clear that punishment is altruistically motivated, and previous experiments have confounded a fear of being punished with being surrounded by cooperators. Here, we experimentally decouple the fear of punishment from a cooperative environment and allow cooperation and punishment to freely separate (420 participants). We show, that if a minority of individuals are made immune to punishment, they (1) learn to stop cooperating despite being surrounded by high levels of cooperation; and (2) continue to punish, ‘hypocritically’, showing that cooperation and punishment do not form one, altruistically motivated, linked trait. Overall, 48% of punishers were ‘anti-social’ during the experiment, suggesting humans are not in general altruistic punishers.
Which types of product attributes lead to aviation voluntary carbon offsetting among air passengers?
Authors: Ritchie Brent , Kemperman Astrid , Dolnicar Sara
Published: April 2021

Tourism contributes 8% to global carbon emissions. Yet only 10% of air passengers purchase voluntary carbon offsets. We test the effectiveness of different communication messages to increase voluntary purchasing of carbon offsets by air passengers. Results of a discrete choice experiment indicate that air passengers prefer carbon offset schemes that fund local programs (as opposed to international programs), that are effective in mitigating emissions, and are accredited. The ability to choose the specific offsetting program to be funded is not important. The willingness-to-pay for carbon offsets when booking for a group is lower than when booking an individual flight for oneself. Three market segments with distinct preferences exists. Segments also differ in key personal characteristics, including age, employment status, frequent flyer membership, and flight behaviour, making them actionable target segments for aviation carbon offsetting.
Gamma-ray spectrometry and magnetometry of the alkaline rock area in Ampipal-Bhulbhule, Nepal Lesser Himalaya
Authors: Gautam P. , Sharma M. P. , Dhakal Subodh
Published: April 2021

Gamma-ray spectrometric and magnetometric survey conducted in the Ampipal-Bhulbhule area characterised by the distribution of syenitic gneisses hosted by the metasediments of the Kuncha Formation revealed that such a geophysical complex is effective in mapping the contact zones of syenitic bodies with the host rocks. Altogether 84 sites within the syenitic bodies and 32 sites in the host rocks were probed by the spectrometer for responses in U, Th and 40K., and total counts windows. The syenites always give readings distinctly higher than the host rocks. Within the main syenitic body, the maximum radiometric response is obtained at the central part. Several sites within the syenitic gneisses yield anomalies in equivalent Uranium content (eUmax = 303.5 ppm) and Thorium content (eTHmax=213.6 ppm) and also in K-channel counts. Across the zone of contact between the syenites and the host metasandstones, both the radiometric counts (especially K-counts) and the magnetic effect vary significantly. Prominent magnetic anomaly has been detected at Bhulbhule Khar and it is interpreted to be the effect of either a thick layer of basic or ultrabasic rock enclosed within the nepheline syenite, or an economic Fe-mineralisation residing in magnetite. Thus, magnetic method also is clearly effective for mapping the subsurface distribution of dyke rocks and also Fe-mineralised areas.
Siwalik basin of Arunachal Himalaya, India: a case study
Authors: Das P. K. , Baruah H.
Published: April 2021

The Siwalik basin of Arunachal Himalaya is a part of the Himalayan foreland. Due to continental collision between Indian and Eurasian plates, the Himalayan mountain system experienced intense uplift and erosion and as a result, a large amount of siliciclastic sediments accumulated within the foreland and a remnant ocean basin (which was commonly known as foredeep) was developed during Eocene. Moreover, the sediments were deposited by a large river draining the uplifted Himalayan belt during late Neogene. From the pattern of lithofacies, the river may be envisaged as braided type and was a bit shallow relative to its width, floored by bars and channels of low sinuosity and with a bed load of sand and pebbly sediments.

These sediments present in the Arunachal foothills are bounded by the Brahmaputra Alluviums in the south and the Gondwana belt in the north and, by a system of frontal faults and the Main Boundary Fault, respectively. The sediments are mostly of molasse type (Upper Tertiary sediments), of different sedimentary facies present in the form of thick accumulation of multilateral and multistoried bodies. Moreover, the depositional basin suffered from some tectonic disturbances for which open folds and many reverse faults were formed.

With the formation of foredeep infront of the Himalaya, a reversal of slope towards north-west took place in post-Barail times and during the later part of the Tertiary, the Himalayan and the Upper Assam basin were continuous below the Brahmaputra Alluviums as evidenced by field and laboratory observations.

From these observations, it is seen that the Siwalik basin of Arunachal Himalaya has close resemblance with the Tertiary basin (Neogene basin) of Upper Assam rather than the Siwalik basin of western Himalaya and thus, this basin may be treated as a separate basin which may be renamed as "Tertiary basin of Arunachsl".
Petrography and depositional environment of Permo-Triassic carbonates of Pahalgam Formation, Kashmir Himalaya, India
Authors: Zaki G. M.
Published: April 2021

The Permo-Triassic carbonates of the Pahalgam Formation are exposed in the vicinity of the Pahalgam area. The Pahalgam Formation is characterised by fossils like productus, bryozoans, Spirifer Rajah, crinoids and molluscs. The rocks of this formation are represented by white grey muddy limestones followed by grey crinoidal limestones with brachiopods and lamellerbranchs. The rocks extend towards, Chandanwari, Sheshnag, Amamath Cave, Sonamarg and then to the Ladakh region of Jammu and Kashmir State. The outcrops of this formation, extending from the Pahalgam village up to Aru via Mammal village, can be traced along the Lidder River. The formation is equivalent to the well-known Zewan Formation of the Vthi district both in lithology and fossil assemblages. On the basis of lithology, the Pahalgam Formation has been divided into three units i.e. Pahalgam unit, Mammal unit, and Aru unit. Thin sections from each unit of the Pahalgam Formation were prepared for the present study and examined with respect to texture, framework grains, cementation and palaeo-petrographical criteria. The textural parameters used to indicate different energy levels in deposition of these carbonates were the attrition of the bivalve fossils (brachiopods and pelecypods) and the context of the sparite cement. The Pahalgam Formation is of platform type on which carbonate sedimentation took place during the Permo-Triassic times. It is a type of lime mud cycle with essentially low energy carbonate deposition, representing restricted open marine environment.
Palaeoclimatic impact on the flood basin accretion and palaeosol development in northwestern Bangladesh
Authors: Alam M. Shafiqul
Published: April 2021

During the Quaternary period, a number of climatic fluctuations occurred as evidenced in the deep-sea core samples, palaeolake deposits, continuous loess profiles in China and glacial deposits in various parts of the world. The fluctuations in palaeoclimatic conditions have influenced eustatic sea-level changes as well resulting in the formation of different sediment facies and landscape evolution worldwide. In the northwestern part of Bangladesh, a thick Pleistocene alluvial sequence has left signatures of these climatic changes. Based on different field criteria such as destratification, horizon formation, colour, biogenic­ pedogenic features (i.e. rootlets or root traces, burrows, CaCO3 nodules, Fe concretions) and soil structures, 10 buried palaeosols have been recognised in the Pleistocene deposits. The odd numbered palaeosols (i.e., GS1 , GS3, GS5, GS6 and GS9) are designated as moderately developed palaeosols as inferred from their relatively finer textures, higher concentration of pedogenic soil carbonate nodules and lower abundance of iron oxides. The even numbered palaeosols (i.e., GS2, GS4, GS6, GS8 and GS 10) are strongly developed palaeosols, containing very few or no pedogenic carbonate. They also contain Fe oxide concretions, burrows and root channels. Both moderately developed and strongly developed palaeosols occur in cyclic succession. Strongly developed palaeosols occur in thick sediment sequences, which indicate that the flood basin accretion rate was quite high as a result of stronger hydrodynamic conditions. They are the direct consequence of bigger flood events. The relatively thinner sediment sequences, in which the palaeosols are moderately developed, are a consequence of consecutive smaller flood events under drier conditions. Hence, 10 buried palaeosols suggest that at least 10 alternating dry and wet climatic phases prevailed during the successive phases of both palaeosol development and sedimentation cycles. These alternating dry and wet climatic cycles most probably influenced the strengthening and/or weakening of the palaeo-summer moonson. Moreover, studies based on isotopic compositions of stable carbon and oxygen as derived from the analysis on pedogenic carbonate nodules, as well as from the measured bulk magnetic susceptibility in the palaeosol sequences, are found to be in good agreement with the above statement on the dry and wet phases.
Role of bedrock on stream conductivity and groundwater contribution to streams: a case study from Jhikhu Khola watershed, central Nepal
Authors: Nakarmi G. , Li T.
Published: April 2021

Role of rock formations on water conductivity and groundwater condition contributing to stream flow was examined in the Jhikhu Khola watershed, central Nepal. More than 75% of annual rainfall occurring between June and September which recharges the groundwater. Carbonate rocks are responsible for the higher conductivity values whereas mica schist and quartzite yield little flow with low conductivity during dry season. For better understanding of the water storage capacity of the rock formations, detail studies on distribution of fissures and cavities in the rocks are essential. Application of selected tracer will assist to evaluate flow direction and quantify the rate of flow.
Construction phase engineering geological study in Modi Khola Hydroelectric Project, Parbat district, western Nepal
Authors: Paudel T. R. , Dangol V. , Sharma R. H.
Published: April 2021

Detailed engineering geological study is one of the basic requirement for the underground excavation and other infrastructural development works in the geotectonically active part of the Himalaya. Geological investigation directly relates with the sub-surface condition of rock and soil and their engineering properties. Underground excavation and construction of hydropower tunnels, dams, roads, irrigation canal and all foundation works without proper understanding of engineering geological parameters will not meet the requirements to design any safe, efficient and cost-effective infrastructure on and under the earth.

In the Modi Khola Hydroelectric Project, a sound approach on geological condition is considered during construction. This paper deals with the details of the construction phase engineering geological study. It also explains the various geotechnical and geological study done to decide the Tunnel alignments and foundation of various structures in the project. As a result of study, previously designed structures and location of the Surge Tank and Penstock fixed at loose terrace and conglomerate deposit were shifted on the bedrock by designing a 40 m high vertical shaft and about 445 m long pressure tunnel. Previously designed long and curved tunnel alignment from vertical shaft is changed by a straight and better alternative alignment to reduce the tunnel length by about 35m. Similarly, detail geotechnical study of rock in the tunnel have direct impact on support design. Using the maximum advantage of self-supporting capacity of rocks, a big amount of cost in tunnel is also reduced by designing the tunnel support system based on Q-value of rocks. All such changes have provided safety to the project and also made more cost-effective.
Usłyszeć Innego
Authors: Piekutowski Piotr F.
Published: April 2021

Światy znane z literatury czy filmów science fiction przyzwyczaiły nas do przerażających kontaktów z Innym: czy to przez inwazje pozaziemskich cywilizacji, czy bezduszną sztuczną inteligencję. W swoich powieściach Stanisław Lem często zastanawia się, jak mogłaby się wyglądać rzeczywista konfrontacja z obcą formą życia i czy w ogóle bylibyśmy zdolni ją usłyszeć. W Golemie XIV Inny – superkomputer –ma odpowiedź na prawdopodobnie każde pytanie gnębiące ludzkość. Bariera komunikacyjna zdaje się nie istnieć, oczywiście Golem nie ma biologicznego ciała czy zmysłów, jest doskonałą maszyną, czystym Rozumem. Superinteligentny komputer musi jednak swoim nieludzkim słowem dotrzeć do człowieka.
Każda nasza aktywność pozostawia cyfrowy ślad
Authors: Niewdana Agnieszka , Simiński Roman
Published: April 2021

Codziennie robimy zdjęcia, prowadzimy rozmowy za pomocą różnych komunikatorów, przesyłamy dokumenty, płacimy kartą za zakupy. Nie zastanawiamy się nad tym, gdzie te dane są zbierane i jak mogą zostać wykorzystane. Tymczasem transakcje internetowe, zakupy online czy nawet przeglądanie stron internetowych pozostawiają trwale zapisany cyfrowy ślad naszej obecności w sieci. Niezależnie od tego, czy ślad cyfrowy pozwala na naszą identyfikację, czy też pozostajemy anonimowi, zawiera on informacje o naszej aktywności, które można wykorzystać – w uprawniony lub nieuprawniony sposób.
Badanie procesów pamięci w mózgu
Authors: Maciejewska Karina , Kłoskowicz Małgorzata
Published: April 2021

W jaki sposób człowiek zapamiętuje fakty? Dlaczego o niektórych z nich zapomina, a o innych potrafi pamiętać latami? Do jakich procesów musi dojść, by proces zapamiętywania przynosił oczekiwane rezultaty? Chociaż naukowcy od lat próbują odkryć wszystkie tajemnice naszego mózgu, wciąż niewiele o nim wiemy. Znajomość procesów zachodzących w organizmie zdrowego człowieka dostarczać może inspiracji do poszukiwania sposobów leczenia osób z różnymi zaburzeniami neurologicznymi i hamowania procesów chorobowych. Wiedza z zakresu neuronauki stosowana bywa także w naukach związanych ze sztuczną inteligencją, przede wszystkim w tzw. uczeniu maszynowym.
Ocena zgodności z Konstytucją RP poselskiego projektu ustawy o równości małżeńskiej
Authors: Dubowski Rafał
Published: April 2021

The bill provides for the introduction of regulations allowing same-sex marriages. In the author’s opinion, it is inconsistent with the provision of the Polish Constitution, in which the legislator decided that marriage is a relationship between a woman and a man. The presented interpretation of Article 18 of the Constitution is confirmed, inter alia, by the course of the work of the Constitutional Committee of the National Assembly, which shows that the intention of the legislator was to exclude the admissibility of introducing a regulation providing for the possibility of marriage by persons of the same sex.
Ocena skutków prawnych regulacji poselskiego projektu ustawy o zmianie ustawy – Kodeks pracy
Authors: Dzienisiuk Dorota
Published: April 2021

The suggested amendment to the Labour Code aims to introduce a provision obliging employers to include periods of non-agricultural activity in the periods on which employee benefits or rights depend. The provision is to be placed in the chapter declaring fundamental principles of labour law. The author states that there is no systemic justification for including this type of norm among the basic principles of labour law, without taking into account the currently used differentiation of the position of employees in specific situations. In her opinion, the proposed regulation raises doubts from the perspective of the constitutional principle of equality, especially in the context of adequacy and proportionality to the assumed goal.
Realizacja obowiązków wobec osób zajmujących eksponowane stanowiska polityczne, wynikających z ustawy z 1 marca 2018 r. o przeciwdziałaniu praniu pieniędzy i finansowaniu terroryzmu
Authors: Podraza Natalia
Published: April 2021

The Act on Counteracting Money Laundering and Financing of Terrorism imposes upon obligated institutions (including banks) the obligation, crucial in relation to the other requirements specified in the Act in question, to implement appropriate procedures enabling the identification of clients or their actual beneficiaries as Politically Exposed Persons (PEP). The identification of a client as a PEP status person means that increased financial security measures need to be applied to him/her and his/her family members and close associates on account of potentially greater risk of money laundering, financing of terrorism or corruption. Consequently, in the author’s view and in light of the provisions of the Act on counteracting money laundering, a Sejm Deputy and his/her immediate family members may be obligated by the bank to submit a declaration on the source of the client’s property and assets at the client’s disposal as part of business relationships or transactions.
Ocena zgodności z Konstytucją RP przepisów ustawy o planowaniu rodziny, ochronie płodu ludzkiego i warunkach dopuszczalności przerywania ciąży
Authors: Gromek Zbigniew
Published: April 2021

The request of a group of Deputies concerned the assessment of the constitutionality of the provisions of the act, according to which the termination of pregnancy may be performed by a doctor in the event when prenatal tests or other medical conditions indicate a high probability of severe and irreversible fetal impairment or an incurable life-threatening disease; in this case, termination of pregnancy is permissible until the moment of fetus becoming able to live independently outside of the pregnant woman’s body. In the position of the Sejm, it was requested that this provision be declared inconsistent with Article 38 of the Constitution in connection with the principle of specificity of legal provisions, derived from Article 2, Article 30, Article 31 para 3 and Article 32 para 1 of the Constitution.
Laterite Nickel Mine Sequence Modeling Based on Total Reserve at Block 5A, “Bonus” Pit by Surpac 6.3.2 at PT Bintang Delapan Mineral in Bahodopi District, Morowali Regency, Central Sulawesi
Authors: Jayaputra Harsalim Aimunandar
Published: April 2021

PT. Bintang Delapan Mineral is an active nickel mine company that produces 300,000 tons of nickel per month by open pit method. During the mine operation, the company needs to calculate the reserves periodically due to decreasing nickel reserves in the long time period. Mineral reserves estimation is a process to determine and define the grade and boundary of a mineral deposit. Reserves estimation can be done manually using several methods. One method is called block modeling which presents the estimation process in block model type by applying a mining software, called Surpac 6.3.2. It was able to present the progress of mine site activity (pushback). The result of nickel reserves estimation by Surpac 6.3.2 block modeling is 48730 m3 or equal to 73096 tons. The nickel reserves have an average grade of 1.64%. By this reserve estimation, mine sequences could be created into 7 sequences in considering bench height. Bench model specifications are bench high 4 m, berm 2 m, and 60º slope.
PELATIHAN PEMBUATAN MEDIA PEMBELAJARAN MATEMATIKA MENGGUNAKAN WHITEBOARD ANIMATION PADA GURU-GURU MGMP MATEMATIKA SMP KOTA PEKALONGAN
Authors: â€˜Adna Syita Fatih , Nasution Nur Baiti
Published: April 2021

Mathematics is one of the compulsory subjects in the junior high school education unit. The presentation of Mathematics learning is not supported by creative learning media that utilize the latest technology. The challenge of teachers facing the 4.0 revolution, namely junior high school teachers must be able to utilize technology in learning in addition to varying interactive learning models. The objectives of this training are (1) to introduce mathematics teachers to the use of Animated Chalkboard that can be used as learning media, (2) to improve the ability of Mathematics teachers to create Mathematics learning media using Animation Chalkboard, (3) to produce Mathematics learning media products Middle school uploaded via social media youtube. The training for Pekalongan City Middle School Mathematics teachers was held for three months. The methods used in this activity are (1) Socialization of the use of Animated Whiteboards as a medium of Mathematics learning, (2) assistance in making Mathematics learning media using Animated Whiteboards, (3) evaluation of instructional media products and training activities. The results obtained are an increase in the ability of teachers to create Mathematics learning media using Animation Chalkboards and increase learning media products uploaded to YouTube that can be utilized by Junior High School Mathematics teachers in learning. The product produced is Mathematics learning media that has been uploaded on YouTube social media.
Spontaneous Hemothorax in Infants: An Unusual Presentation
Authors: Ben Ayed Faten Fedhila , Ben Ayed Faten Fedhila , Ahmed S. Ben , Borgi A. , Kbaier S. , Jbebli E. , Mezghani F. , Lahmar L. , Haddad S. , Douira W. , Jaballah N. Ben , Jlidi S. , Rhayem S. , Khemiri M.
Published: April 2021

We report the case of a 40-day-old boy, who presented to hospital with tachypnea and sudden pallor. A pleural effusion in the left chest was observed on the chest X-ray. He was ventilated and thoracic drainage was performed because of degradation of his respiratory status. Computed Tomography as well as Magnetic Resonance Imaging supported strongly the diagnosis of mediastinal neuroblastoma. The extension assessment was negative. We opted for a conservative treatment by chemotherapy, and the courses proceeded favourably. After neoadjuvant chemotherapy, the residual mass was resected completely through a left thoracotomy. Histopathological examination established the final diagnosis of ganglioneuroblastoma. Thus, it is possible to avoid invasive treatment for massive hemothorax caused by neuroblastoma by initiating chemotherapy.
primeiro Secretário-Geral da AULP (1986-2002)
Authors: Coelho da Silva Manuel J.
Published: April 2021

Olhar o passado ajuda a perceber o presente e a projetar o futuro. É uma frase feita, eu sei, mas é também aquela que melhor traduz este revisitar da história da Associação das Universidades de Língua Portuguesa (AULP).
Três anos como Secretário-Geral da AULP (2002/2005)
Authors: Alarcão Troni José
Published: April 2021

Em meados de 2002, concluída a minha missão na Universidade Católica Portuguesa, como seu último secretário-geral, acabava de regressar, com a consciência tranquila, ao Banco de Portugal, meu honroso empregador desde 1976, à UAL – Universidade Autónoma de Lisboa – Luís de Camões, de que era e sou professor associado – e, simultaneamente, à sua entidade instituidora, a CEU – Cooperativa de Ensino Universitário, CRL, de que sou cooperador-fundador (1985) e hoje cooperador-decano e presidente da assembleia-geral – bem como à Advocacia e Consultadoria na SRS – Sociedade Rebelo de Sousa e Associados, pela mão amiga do Pedro Rebelo de Sousa, onde mantenho domicílio profissional e, por fim, a outras missões – pro-bono e pro-gasto –, designadamente em instituições religiosas, culturais e sociais.
vida associativa e o Secretariado Geral da AULP (2006-2010; 2014-2016)
Authors: Montalvão Sarmento Cristina
Published: April 2021

Cultura e poder são forças interligadas que se podem utilizar como um instrumento em benefício estrutural. Importa assegurar que as comunidades de língua portuguesa o saibam conservar, potenciar e transmitir. A língua enquanto código de cultura partilhado é fonte de poder. Este tipo de poder está presente na dimensão política e económica, e mostra que o tipo de poder que a “cultura” veicula tem certamente graus de imaterialidade mas dá corpo a tipos de exercício do poder em formatos benévolos que nos comprazemos a preferir em sociedades pacificamente organizadas. Estes auspícios terão presidido à fundação da Associação das Universidades de Língua Portuguesa pelos intelectuais que pressentiram e intuíram o valor potencial da língua partilhada.
Indeks Kematangan Gonad dan Diameter Telur Landak Laut Tripneustes Gratilla di Pulau Barrang Lompo Sulawesi Selatan
Authors: Andi Lawi Yeni Savitri , Kariyanti  , Amir Astaman , Abd Jabbar Firmansyah Bin
Published: April 2021

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengkaji reproduksi bulubabi (Tripneustes gratilla) yang hidup pada ekosistem lamun dan ekosistem berpasir di perairan Pulau Barrang Lompo, dengan menganalisis aspek reproduksinya antara lain Indeks Kematangan Gonad dan Diameter Telur.  Pengambilan sampel dilakukan mulai akhir juli hingga desember 2017 Jumlah bulubabi yang diperoleh pada ekosistem lamun sebanyak 273 jantan dan 239 betina pada ekosistem berpasir sebanyak 217 jantan dan 160 betina. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan Indeks Kematangan Gonad dan diameter telur bulubabi (Tripneustes gratilla) pada ekosistem lamun dan ekosistem berpasir di Pulau Barrang Lompo. menunjukkan tipe pemijahan bulubabi Tripneustes gratilla termasuk dalam tipe pemijahan sebagian atau partially spawner yaitu mengeluarkan telur matang secara bertahap pada satu kali periode pemijahan atau tipe pemijahan partial spawner.
Kelangsungan Hidup dan Pertumbuhan Ikan Nila (Oreochromis niloticus) Terhadap Tingkat Pencahayaan
Authors: Takril  , Supu Ramli
Published: April 2021

Penelitian ini menggunakan metode survai dan observasi langsung. Tujuan penelitian adalah menentukan tingkat pencahayaan yang tepat dalam menghasilkan kelangsunan hidup larva ikan nila dan menentukan pertumbuhan larva ikan nila yang maksimal. Adapun kegunaan yaitu sebagai salah satu bahan informasi tentang pengaplikasian lama pencahayaan pada usaha pembenihan ikan nila. Dirancang dengan menggunakan rancangan acak lengkap (RAL) dan dianalisis dengan menggunakan analisis ragam (ANOVA) dan dilanjut dengan uji BNT jika hasilnya memperlihatkan ada pengaruh perlakuan. Adapun data kualitas air dianalisis secara deskriptif berdasarkan kelayakan hidup ikan nila. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan tingkat kelangsungan hidup larva ikan nila tertinggi dihasilkan pada lama pencahayaan 12T: 12G yakni 76,00%, sedangkan terendah pada 18T : 6G 44,80%.  Pertumbuhan bobot mutlak dan laju pertumbuhan larva ikan nila tertinggi dihasilkan pada lama pencahayaan 12T: 12G 0,061 gram dan 13,48% per hari. Sedangkan terendah pada lama pencahayaan 24T: 0G yakni 0,019 gram dan 5,34% per hari.

Kata kunci : nila, lama pencahayaan, kelangsungan hidup
Fobia społeczna, hikikomori, kokonizm ‒ o potrzebie odosobnienia w społeczeństwie informacyjnym
Authors: Konopka Barbara
Published: April 2021

Celem autorki artykułu jest przeanalizowanie współczesnych przejawów samoizolacji: fobii społecznej, hikikomori i kokonizmu. W tekście, na podstawie analizy wspólnych cech tych trzech zjawisk, zostały wyodrębnione kluczowe zachowania związane ze współczesną samoizolacją jednostki w społeczeństwie informacyjnym. Należą do nich między innymi: otaczanie się prywatną, spersonalizowaną i możliwą do kontrolowania przestrzenią, ograniczanie uczestnictwa we wspólnotach, a także odcinanie się od świata „analogowego” na rzecz „cyfrowego”. Korelują one z uzależnieniem od Internetu, depresją i lękiem społecznym. Artykuł zawiera rozważania na temat wpływu głębokiegozanurzenia jednostki w Internecie na jej percepcję, a zwłaszcza na procesy postrzegania świata materialnego. Autorka prezentuje też przemyślenia na temat przypadków odrzucenia realności jako „świata niedoskonałego” w opozycji do platform internetowych, pozwalających na dopasowanie świata wirtualnego do osobistych potrzeb i preferencji.
Brak współczesnej literatury bhutańskiej i powstanie literackich form nowomedialnych
Authors: Żyliński Szymon
Published: April 2021

Autor artykułu koncentruje uwagę na współczesnej literaturze bhutańskiej, a dokładnie na nielicznych jej wytworach publikowanych w Królestwie Bhutanu, kraju, który przez wieki pozostawał w narzuconej sobie izolacji. Zauważa, że mimo iż przeszkody geograficzne w postaci nieprzejezdnych górskich przełęczy sprzyjały tworzeniu się wielu języków i przyczyniły się do braku jednego, specyficznego, jednoczącego wspólnotę etniczną języka, Dzongkha został uznany za język narodowy.Rozdrobnienie językowe, kultura ustna, wprowadzenie języka angielskiego jako środka nauczania w szkołach – wszystko to poskutkowało skromnymi zasobami współczesnej literatury bhutańskiej. Kultura tego kraju przez wieki była w przeważającej mierze ustna, toteż czytanie nadal nie jest uważane za formę przyjemnej rozrywki, lecz jest postrzegane jako żmudny proces i najczęściej kojarzy się z nużącą pracą szkolną lub urzędniczą. Wśród garstki autorów, którym udało się opublikować swoje prace, jest Kunzang Choden, pisarka, która w 2008 roku wydała pierwszą bhutańską książkę w języku angielskim, zatytułowaną The Circle of Karma. Co ciekawe, większość współczesnych autorów bhutańskich to kobiety, najmłodsza debiutantka miała 11 lat. Niektórzy spekulują, że nie ma wystarczającego nacisku instytucjonalnego napromocję czytelnictwa, jednak entuzjaści literatury elektronicznej udowadniają, że jest inaczej. Należą do nich członkowie Stowarzyszenia Blogerów Bhutańskich (The Community of Bhutanese Bloggers – CBB), niezależnej instytucji skupiającej pisarzy, którzy publikują treści w Internecie z nadzieją, że ich prace zostaną ostatecznie wydane w sposób tradycyjny. Ponadto, jako sposób na pozyskanie szerokiego odbioru, wielu z nich opiera się na mediach społecznościowych, takich jak Facebook, gdzie zamieszczane są fragmenty książek i opowiadań. Z tych powodów nowy krajobraz medialny Bhutanujest postrzegany jako miejsce szczególnie ważne dla młodych autorów.
Harbingers 2. Zapowiedź międzynarodowych badań postaw i zachowań związanych z komunikacją naukową młodych badaczy oraz ich karier naukowych w dobie pandemii
Authors: Świgoń Marzena , Nicholas David
Published: April 2021

Międzynarodowy zespół badaczy współpracujący z CIBER Research oraz University of Tennessee, przy wsparciu fundacji Alfreda P. Sloana, rozpoczyna w listopadzie 2020 roku realizację projektu badawczego Harbingers 2. Jest to kontynuacja zrealizowanego wcześniej projektu Harbingers, czyli wywiadów z naukowcami na wczesnym etapie kariery na temat ich postaw i zachowań związanych z komunikacją naukową, tym razem w kontekście pandemii. Fundacja Alfreda P. Sloana jest filantropijną, nienastawioną na zysk instytucją grantodawczą z siedzibą w Nowym Jorku. Założona w 1934 roku przez Alfreda Pritcharda Sloana Jr., ówczesnego prezesa i dyrektora generalnego General Motors, fundacja udziela dotacji na rzecz oryginalnych badań i edukacji w dziedzinie nauk ścisłych, technologii, inżynierii, matematyki i ekonomii. Więcej informacji na temat Fundacji Alfreda P. Sloana można znaleźć na stronie http://www.sloan.org/.
Los poderes de emergencia
Authors: Bulmer Elliot
Published: April 2021

Los diferentes volúmenes de las Guías Introductorias para la Elaboración Constitucional pretenden contribuir a los procesos nacionales de elaboración o reforma constitucional ayudando a los ciudadanos, partidos políticos, organizaciones de la sociedad civil, funcionarios públicos y miembros de asambleas constituyentes a tomar decisiones constitucionales informadas. Además proporcionan orientación al personal de las organizaciones intergubernamentales y a otros agentes externos en su intento de apoyar de manera informada y relevante al contexto a los decisores políticos locales. Las Guías se han concebido como introducción para lectores no especializados y como recordatorio útil para lectores con conocimientos previos o experiencia en elaboración constitucional. Las Guías, organizadas temáticamente en torno a las decisiones prácticas que deben tomar los contribuyentes a la elaboración constitucional, tienen como objetivo explicar cuestiones constitucionales complejas de manera rápida y sencilla.
KONTEKSTUALISASI KEBIJAKAN PENGEMBANGAN KOLEKSI DALAM MEMENUHI KEBUTUHAN INFORMASI PENGGUNA (Studi Kasus di Perpustakaan UIN Sunan Kalijaga Yogyakarta)
Authors: Iskandar Iskandar
Published: April 2021

Penelitian ini berjudul Kontekstualisasi Kebijakan Pengembangan Koleksi dalam memenuhi kebutuhan informasi pengguna : Studi kasus di perpustakaan Univeristas Islam Negeri Sunan Kalijaga Yogyakarta, peneliti menganalisis bagaimana kontekstualisasi kebijakan pengembangan koleksi dilhat dari kebijakan yang dikeluarkan oleh pengelola perpustakaan Univeristas Islam Negeri Sunan Kalijaga Yogyakarta. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menjelaskan bagaimana kontekstualisasi kebijakan pengembangan koleksi dapat berdampak pada kesesuaian informasi yang sediakan bagi pengguna di Perpustakaan UIN Sunan Kalijaga Yogyakarta. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode penelitiaan kualitatif dengan pendekatan deskriptif. Dari hasil penelitian yang dilakukan oleh peneliti, maka hasilnya adalah kontekstualisasi kebijakan pengembangan koleksi yang dilakukan oleh perpustakaan Univeristas Islam Negeri Sunan Kalijaga Yogyakarta belum maksimal, dikarenakan pengelola perpustakaan Univeristas Islam Negeri Sunan Kalijaga Yogyakarta belum diberikan wewenang penuh dalam pengelolaan anggaran perpustakaan.