bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Analisis kemampuan pemahaman konsep matematis siswa berdasarkan tipe kepribadian thinking dan feeling dalam menyelesaikan soal aljabar
Authors: Oktavia Thessa , Yulia Putri
Published: February 2025

This research aims to explore the ability to understand mathematical concepts between students with Feeling and Thinking personality types. The qualitative descriptive method with a case study design was applied to four students of SMA N 3 Sungai Full who were selected based on the results of the Myers Briggs Type Indicator (MBTI) test. The instruments used were personality type questionnaires, tests of ability to understand mathematical concepts, and unstructured interviews. Data analysis was carried out using data triangulation to ensure the accuracy and validity of the results. Students' understanding of mathematical concepts in the feeling and thinking aspects on the seven indicators that have been evaluated shows relatively low results, even though their approaches to learning are different. Students with the Feeling type tend to consider more emotional aspects in their understanding, while students with the Thinking type focus more on logic and analysis. This research underscores the importance of approaches tailored to students' personality types to improve their understanding of mathematical concepts.
Regímenes de representación y pasados subalternos en el valle del Risaralda
Authors: Victoria Mena Carlos Alfonso
Published: February 2025

Este ensayo es un dique contra el olvido, como dice Steiner (2002). Allí donde quedaron sepultadas las memorias de una comunidad tras la sed de tierras encabezada por los caudillos del capitalismo agrario. Cañaveral del Carmen fue desaparecido del mapa porque su efímera existencia se constituyó en un obstáculo para los conductores de la modernización. La gente negra, aferrada a sus mejoras de agricultura, en su condición subalterna resistió, socavó y confrontó el despliegue del régimen hacendatario y los mundos desiguales cargados de poder (Roseberry, 2002). Cuando a comienzos del siglo pasado los empresarios, en su papel de conquistadores contemporáneos, ingresaron al valle del Risaralda y tomaron posesión de las tierras, también estaban luchando por un régimen de representación que les otorgara superioridad moral y racial. Más que el cambio de toponimias con el que históricamente se denominaba el asentamiento popular, se constituyó en una especie de huella trágica sobre tierras y cuerpos. Bajo este escenario, la producción literaria de los hechos históricos adornó la hegemonía modernizadora con ciertos ingredientes moralizadores y civilizatorios. El libro cumple con la tarea de impugnar los relatos sobre el cual las élites criollas pretendieron conservar el prestigio y privilegio heredado del coloniaje europeo.
Tax Policies Addressing Income Inequality in the People's Republic of China
Authors:   Asian Development Bank, Terada-Hagiwara Akiko , Jinjarak Yothin ,   Asian Development Bank, Qi Wen ,   Asian Development Bank, Wang Yajing ,   Asian Development Bank
Published: February 2025

This paper explores how public transfers and taxes can reduce income inequality in the People’s Republic of China (PRC).
The PRC implemented significant tax reforms in the past decade. However, further progress could be faster. International lessons emphasize mobilizing fiscal resources and optimizing tax and expenditure policies to reduce inequality. Key suggestions include enhancing the progressivity of personal income tax and implementing a property tax to prevent wealth concentration, ensuring fiscal resources for public services and social protection.
Impact of the Tax Law on GAAP: 1909 to the 1950s
Authors: Zeff Stephen A.
Published: February 2025

The aim of this article is to bring to light and discuss the many and diverse impacts of the federal income tax law on generally accepted accounting principles (GAAP). Such an analysis can provide accounting academics, practitioners, and standard setters with a broader perspective on these impacts on GAAP, focusing on the period from 1909 to the 1950s.

JEL Classifications: M41.
Isolation of ribonuclease P activity from human epidermis and its regulation by retinoids in vitro
Authors: Pavlidou D , Vourekas A , Monastirli A , Kalavrizioti D , Tsambaos D , Drainas D.
Published: February 2025

Ribonuclease P (RNase P) is a key enzyme in tRNA biogenesis that catalyses the endonucleolytic cleavage of tRNA precursors and generates their mature 5' ends. The activity of this ribozyme has never been isolated from living human tissues and data about epidermal tRNA biogenesis are not available. The purpose of the present study was to isolate and purify RNase P from human epidermis and to investigate the in vitro effects of retinoids on its activity. Enzyme isolation and purification from homogenates of keratinocytes derived after trypsinization from dispase-separated human epidermis were carried out using phosphocellulose chromatography. The optimal activity of the enzyme was found at 100 mM NH4Cl and 5 mM MgCl2 at pH 7.5 and 37 degrees C. All-trans retinoic acid and acitretin revealed a dose-dependent inhibitory effect on RNase P activity. The isolation of RNase P activity from human epidermis, reported here for the first time, will enable the investigation of the possible involvement of this ribozyme in the regulation of epidermal differentiation and proliferation and the evaluation of its significance for the pathogenesis and gene therapy of various cutaneous disorders.
Incidence of constrained condylar and hinged knee implants and mid- to long-term survivorship: a register-based study from the Nordic Arthroplasty Register Association (NARA)
Authors: Von Hintze Jake , Ponkilainen Ville , W-Dahl Annette , Hailer Nils P , Furnes Ove , Fenstad Anne M , Badawy Mona , Pedersen Alma B , Lindberg-Larsen Martin , Niemeläinen Mika J , Mäkelä Keijo , Eskelinen Antti
Published: February 2025

Background and purpose: In complex primary total knee arthroplasty (TKA), constrained condylar knee (CCK) or rotating hinge knee (RHK) designs may be required to provide stability or address bony deficiencies. We analyzed trends in incidence of these designs in primary TKA and evaluated the mid- to long-term survivorship of CCK and RHK in 4 Nordic countries.Methods: From 2000 to 2017, 5,134 CCK and 2,515 RHK primary TKAs were identified from the NARA database. Kaplan–Meier (K–M) survival and flexible parametric survival model (FPSM) analyses were performed to estimate revision risk, expressed as hazard ratio (HR) with 95% confidence intervals (CI), with minimally stabilized (MS) TKA acting as the control group (n = 456,137).Results: The incidence of CCK and RHK implants increased significantly in Finland, while it was moderate in Denmark, Norway, and Sweden. With revision for any reason as the endpoint the 15-year K–M cumulative revision risk for RHK was 13.6% (CI 10.4–16.7) and for CCK it was 11.3% (CI 9.1–13.5). Compared with MS TKA, the hazard ratio for revision was 2.1 (CI 1.8–2.3) for CCK and 2.5 (CI 2.1–2.8) for RHK. Periprosthetic joint infection (PJI) was the most common reason for revision, accounting for 44% of CCK and 47% of RHK cases. After excluding revisions for PJI, the hazard ratio remained high for both designs, at 1.5 (CI 1.3–1.7) for CCK and 1.6 (CI 1.3–2.0) for RHK compared with MS.Conclusion: The incidence of CCK and RHK increased during the study period. Both designs showed consistent 15-year revision risks of 11–14%, with no major differences between them. The higher revision risk compared with MS TKAs may reflect the complexity of the surgeries.
Potential of Acacia Extract as a Collagen Crosslinker and Stabilizer of the Resin-dentin Interface
Authors: Rio MC , Souto AA , Marcondes ML , Bittencourt HR , Burnett LH , Spohr AM
Published: February 2025

The aim of this study was to investigate whether different concentrations of acacia extract could improve the biological stability of dentin collagen. Slice (n=3) and beam (n=5) samples of dentin obtained from human third molars were demineralized and treated with the following solutions: G1 (control)–deionized water; G2–1% acacia extract; G3–2% acacia extract; and G4–3% acacia extract. The dentin slices were analyzed by Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectrophotometry to observe their interactions with collagen. The beams were submitted to digestion with type I bacterial collagenase solution, and the percentage of weight was calculated to evaluate the resistance to enzymatic biodegradation. The Adper Scotchbond Multipurpose adhesive system was applied on the flat dentin surfaces according to the manufacturer's recommendations (G1). In groups G2, G3 and G4, acacia extract at concentrations of 1%, 2%, and 3%, respectively, were applied after acid etching. A resin composite block was built on the adhesive, and the teeth were cut to obtain beams (n=7 teeth; ~12 beams per tooth) with cross-sectional areas of approximately 0.8 mm2. Half of the specimens were submitted to the microtensile bond strength (µTBS) test in a universal testing machine at a crosshead speed of 0.5 mm/min, and the other half were submitted to the µTBS test after six months of storage in distilled water. FTIR analysis showed the interactions of the three concentrations of acacia extract with collagen. According to ANOVA and Tukey tests, G1 had the highest biodegradation rate (100%), which was significantly higher than the rates of G2 (24%), G3 (23%) and G4 (17%) (p<0.05). According to two-way ANOVA and Tukey tests, only G1 showed a significant decrease in µTBS after six months of storage (p<0.05). It was concluded that 1%, 2%, and 3% acacia extract all interacted with human dentin collagen, reduced collagen biodegradation and favored the stabilization of the bonding interface at the six-month evaluation.
Beyond Biometrics: The Emergence of DNA Analysis in Immigration and Border Control in ECOWAS Sub-Region
Authors: Daniel Nte Ngboawaji , Nte U Nathaniel
Published: February 2025

The Economic Community of West African States (ECOWAS) sub region has witnessed a surge in the use of DNA analysis in
immigration and border security. This shift beyond biometrics raises important questions about the implications of genetic
surveillance on human rights, sovereignty, and regional integration. This article examines the emergence of DNA analysis in
ECOWAS border management, highlighting its applications, benefits, and challenges. Through a mixed-methods approach,
combining desk research and field interviews, we investigate the legal frameworks, technological infrastructure, and
stakeholder perspectives shaping DNA use in immigration control. Our findings reveal a complex landscape of innovation
and concern, as DNA analysis enhances identification and verification but also raises ethical and privacy concerns. We argue
that a balanced approach, considering both security needs and human rights, is essential for harnessing the potential of DNA
analysis in ECOWAS border security while minimizing its risks. This research contributes to the ongoing debate on the future
of border management, biometrics, and genetic surveillance in the Global South.
A Different Type of Physical Violence; Ear Amputation via Human Bite
Authors: M Ozdemir , S Yazla , AE Marangoz
Published: February 2025

General Information: A bite is a type of injury caused by animal or human teeth that can leave tooth marks at the wound site.
Human bites may occur in cases of physical and sexual violence and sexual abuse. It is often seen on easily accessible arms,
neck, trunk, cheeks, breasts and legs. One of the areas where tissue loss occurs frequently due to bites is the auricle.
Case: The case presented in this article is a 21-year-old male. He has a history of being bitten on his left ear by the same
person, following the two victims whose ear was bitten before him on the day of the incident. While there was no amputation
in the ears of the other two people, in this case the left ear lobule was damaged. He was amputated . Although the lobule piece
was stitched into place by the ear, nose and throat physician at the hospital admission on the same day, it could not provide
nutrition.
Conclusion: Infections that develop directly or after a human bite Since it may cause amputation, these cases should be
evaluated from a forensic medical perspective. Depending on the area of amputation , evaluation of the permanent scar on the
face and the permanent change of the face, the possibility of injury, if any, causing bone fractures and loss of earning capacity
in the profession will be important in eliminating the person's grievance.
Quando o Estado e a Justiça abrem mão de suas funções: a ascensão das milícias no Brasil
Authors: Chagas Vivianne
Published: February 2025

Um levantamento feito pelo Grupo de Estudos dos Novos Ilegalismos da Universidade Federal Fluminense (Geni/UFF) e pelo Observatório das Metrópoles do Instituto de Pesquisa e Planejamento Urbano e Regional da Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro (IPPUR/UFRJ) mostrou que entre 2006 e 2021 o domínio territorial dos milicianos passou de 52,6 quilômetros quadrados para 256,3 quilômetros quadrados, uma área equivalente a 10% de toda a extensão do Rio de Janeiro. Um aumento de 387,3% nos últimos dezesseis anos no estado fluminense. Um fenômeno em crescimento exponencial que merece ser explicado. Para entender as milícias, é crucial reconhecer a interseção entre crime, política e poder local. Como observado por Costa, a emergência das milícias está intimamente ligada à fragmentação do Estado e à falta de sua presença em territórios periféricos.
Aplicación de la metodología del ABP en el tema de genética de poblaciones
Authors: Rivas Martínez Hugo , Trujillo Varela Yaneli , Arroyo Jilote Estefania , Moreno Granados Alejandro , Arnaud Bobadilla Alfredo Juan
Published: February 2025

A lo largo de más de 10 generaciones, profesores de la licenciatura en biología de la Facultad de Ciencias de la UNAM han observado un rendimiento consistentemente bajo entre sus estudiantes, en el tema de “Genética de poblaciones” (GP), de la asignatura de genética, particularmente en la asimilación y apropiación de conocimientos y habilidades. Se planteó que estos resultados podrían deberse a un estilo de enseñanza eminentemente mecanicista que no genera una reflexión profunda de los temas centrales de la asignatura, esto planteó la interrogante: ¿la aplicación de una estrategia didáctica basada en el Aprendizaje Basado en Problemas (ABP) podría mejorar los aprendizajes esperados y desarrollar habilidades, principalmente las de pensamiento crítico en este tema?
Dados estos antecedentes, se realizó una investigación cuasi-experimental con la participación de 102 estudiantes, distribuidos en dos grupos: 43 estudiantes que cursaron el tema bajo un esquema de enseñanza tradicional, mientras que 59 lo hicieron desde un enfoque didáctico basado en el ABP, por equipos. A estos equipos, formados aleatoriamente, se les encomendaron actividades relacionadas con la interacción biológica entre anemia y malaria en las regiones de Asia y África. Los resultados de aprendizaje obtenidos, luego de las evaluaciones aplicadas a los estudiantes, mostraron que el ABP fue eficaz para mejorar sustancialmente su rendimiento, así como sus habilidades de pensamiento crítico, mientras que el grupo que siguió un modelo de enseñanza tradicional mostró grandes dificultades en las etapas más complejas del tema.
How Did Imam At-Thabari's Interpretation with Tafsir bil Ma'tsur Style Influence Qur'anic Exegesis and Ulama During the Abbasid Dynasty Era?
Authors: Lumah Diana Durrotul , Nasrullah N , Salsabila Bilqist Adna , Almaliki Faruk
Published: February 2025

Tafsir bil ma'tsur is a method of interpreting the Qur'an based on authoritative sources such as the Qur'an, hadith, opinions of companions, and tabi'in. In the Abbasid era, this method developed rapidly along with the increasing attention to the science of interpretation and codification of hadith. Imam At-Thabari was one of the leading figures who lived in the Abbasid era when science developed rapidly. The purpose of this study is to analyze the characteristics of Imam At-Thabari's interpretation in interpreting the Qur'an. This study uses a qualitative descriptive method with a library research approach. The data collection techniques used are documentation techniques and reading techniques. The results of this study indicate that tafsir bil ma'tsur in the Abbasid era experienced more mature methodological developments, especially in the aspects of criticism of sanad and the selection of stronger narrations. The influence of its methodology was very significant in the Abbasid era, which became the main reference for subsequent interpreters and formed the standard in the tradition of interpreting the Qur'an. This study contributes to the understanding of the evolution of tafsir methodology in the golden age of Islam and its relevance to the development of contemporary studies.
Analysis of Alfisol Soil Infiltration Rate on Various Land Cover and Its Effect on Soil Erodibility in Mount Bromo Special Purpose Forest Area, Indonesia
Authors: Maro'ah Siti , Cahyono Ongko , Ariyanto Dwi Priyo , Pramudita Tesalonika
Published: February 2025

Plant canopies can protect the soil surface from raindrops and rooting activities that cause changes in biophysical properties. A low infiltration rate will reduce the soil’s capacity to store water to be low, resulting in a high soil erodibility value. This research aims to obtain infiltration values on different land cover, analyze the effect of land cover on soil infiltration rate, and analyze the effect of soil infiltration rate on soil erodibility. The research includes exploratory, descriptive research with a purposive sampling method. The study results show an increased soil infiltration rate can reduce soil erodibility. The infiltration rate of 74-year-old mahogany land cover ranged from 1.94–3.03 cm/hour, 50-year-old mahogany 1.61 cm/hour, old pine 1.53–1.89 cm/hour, old tapped pine 1.54–3.43 cm/hour, young pine 0.48–1.60 cm/hour, young pine 0.37–0.61 cm/hour, and 5-year-old sonokelling 0.56–0.73 cm/hour. The highest infiltration value is in 74-year-old mahogany and the lowest in young pine. The highest soil erodibility value is in young tapped pine and the lowest in 50-year-old mahogany. Erodibility is the sensitivity of soil to erosion. It is easier to erode if its erodibility value is higher; conversely, erosion is less likely to occur if its erodibility value is lower. An increase in soil infiltration rate can reduce soil erodibility.
Keywords: Horton method, land cover, Mount Bromo, soil erodibility, soil infiltration rate
Perancangan Dan Pembuatan Plasma Blood Separator Berbasis Arduino Uno
Authors: Olla Patrisius Kusi , Wahyudi Bayu , Alfian Muhammad Nur , Rahayuningtyas Diah , Rofi'i Mohammad
Published: February 2025

This research aims to design a Plasma Blood Separator that can separate plasma from red blood cells automatical-ly using an Optocoupler sensor and a specimen tube cutter. This sistem is equipped with an Arduino Uno as the con-trolling brain, a servo motor to clamp the hose, a DC motor to open the blood bag pressure, a series of push buttons to open the servo, and a buzzer to indicate the completion of separation. After testing the Arduino Uno-based Plasma Blood Separator, all functions can work well by showing results in three trials varying the length of the tube. The var-ied hose lengths are 38 cm, 52 cm, 71 cm. The estimated separation times are 1.16 minutes, 2.17 minutes and 3.4 minutes. In the voltage measurement results, the measurement results were obtained with a small percentage of error with a value of <5% and a high accuracy value with a value of >90%.
Rancang Bangun Penambahan Agitasi pada Alat Pengolah Limbah Fixer dengan Metode Elektrolisis
Authors: Adi Efita Pratiwi , Abdullatif R. Farzand , Irayani Zaroh , Azizi Hizas
Published: February 2025

The bubble layer that appears on the electrode causes the surface area of the electrode that interacts with the electrolyte to decrease. This inhomogeneous bubble layer and electrolyte will inhibit the rate of electrolysis. One of the actions to reduce the bubble layer on the electrode and keep the electrolyte homogeneous is by agitation. This study aims to make modifications by adding agitation to the fixer solution waste processing tool with the electrolysis method. The container used is made of plastic with a diameter of 17 cm and a height of 19 cm. The electrodes used are made of 0.8 mm stainless steel with a width of 5 cm and a total length of 18 cm and the length that enters the fixer waste is about 13 cm with a distance between electrodes of 3.5 cm. The tool testing was carried out without agitation and with agitation. Each test will be carried out with voltage variations of 4V, 6V, 8V and 10V. Each test will use 3 liters of fixer waste with a time of 1 hour. The results of this study obtained that the designed tool can work well at a voltage of 4V to 10V and a capacity of 3L, with agitation proven to increase silver mass recovery up to 87.38% with a silver recovery rate at a voltage of 4V of 1.93 g/hour, at a voltage of 6V the silver recovery rate is 2.08 g/hour, at a voltage of 8V the silver recovery rate is 2.24 g/hour and at a voltage of 10V the silver recovery rate is 3.44 g/hour. Adding agitation to the fixer waste processing equipment, it can reduce the sulfidation that occurs and increase the silver mass significantly compared to without agitation.
Students’ Perception of Ability Grouping in a Private International School
Authors: Anito Henok Daniel , Gaikwad Prema
Published: February 2025

This study investigated the perceptions of middle and high school students in a private international school in Indonesia toward ability grouping practiced in the school. A total of 640 students from middle school (grades 7–9) and high school (grades 10–12) responded to the ability grouping questionnaire constructed by the researchers. The findings indicated that the respondents had a neutral perception of ability grouping. There was no significant difference between male and female students’ perceptions. Similarly, there was no significant difference between low, middle, and high-ability students’ perceptions of ability grouping. However, there was a statistically significant difference in students’ perceptions when grouped according to grade levels. Responses to the open-ended items of the survey revealed that the majority of the respondents perceived ability grouping as more disadvantageous, especially for low-ability students. Implications of the findings and recommendations for further research were stated.
PENGARUH UKURAN PERUSAHAAN, STRUKTUR MODAL, DAN LIKUIDITAS TERHADAP PROFITABILITAS
Authors: Amellia Radhitta Diena , Puspitaningtyas Zarah , Karyadi Hari
Published: February 2025

Pandemi covid-19 telah meningkatkan kebutuhan masyarakat terhadap produk kesehatan, membuat perusahaan sektor healthcare semakin diminati. Namun, Indonesia masih bergantung pada impor bahan baku obat-obatan yang menyebabkan biaya impor meningkat dan menekan laba perusahaan. Untuk meningkatkan kinerja dan laba, perusahaan sektor healthcare harus bersaing dan meningkatkan efisiensi operasional. Studi ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui pengaruh ukuran perusahaan, struktur modal, dan likuiditas terhadap profitabilitas pada perusahaan sektor healthcare yang terdaftar di Bursa Efek Indonesia (BEI) periode 2018-2022. Studi ini menggunakan data sekunder berupa laporan keuangan dan laporan tahunan dari 17 perusahaan sektor healthcare yang terdaftar di Bursa Efek Indonesia (BEI) tahun 2018-2022 sebagai sampel penelitian. Metode analisis yang digunakan adalah analisis regresi linier berganda dengan tiga variabel independen, yaitu ukuran perusahaan (logaritma natural total aset), struktur modal (debt to equity ratio), dan likuiditas (current ratio). Variabel dependen dalam penelitian ini adalah profitabilitas (return on asset). Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa ukuran perusahaan tidak berpengaruh secara parsial terhadap profitabilitas, struktur modal tidak berpengaruh secara parsial terhadap profitabilitas, dan likuiditas berpengaruh secara parsial terhadap profitabilitas.
Study of Rasm Al-Qur'an: Rasm Analysis of Surah Yasin in the Manuscript of Al-Qur'an Kaji Ngali Badongan, Semin, Gunungkidul
Authors: Andika Lindra Widyaningsih  , Khairun Niam
Published: February 2025

This article examines the Mushaf Al-Qur'an Kaji Ngali Badongan Gunugkidul, Yogyakarta. This privately owned manuscript is kept by Nur Yahman, the manuscript's heir. Historically, the manuscript has two different sources regarding its first copyist. The research focuses on the analysis of the rasm in surah Yasin contained in the Kaji Ngali Badongan manuscript. The method used is content analysis with text analysis and philology with the approach of codicology and textology. The final result of this research shows that the manuscript of Kaji Ngali Badongan Al-Qur'an Mushaf uses simple geometric illumination located at the beginning and middle of the Mushaf. The rasm ilma'i is still applied in the rule of ḥadf al-alif, besides that the rasm used is rasm usmani and Imla'i. Corrupt or unavoidable writing errors include, corrected errors, repeated writing, and lack of verse composition
Sufism and the Idrisiyyah Order: An Approach to Religious Moderation in Contemporary Islam
Authors: Mursalat Mursalat , Siswoyo Aris M
Published: February 2025

This article discusses the role of Sufism, particularly the Idrisiyyah Order, in promoting religious moderation in the contemporary Islamic era. This research employs a library research method, collecting and analyzing written sources from books, scholarly journals, articles, and official documents. The data collected includes literature on Sufism, the Idrisiyyah Order, and religious moderation in contemporary Islam. The approach combines sociological and religious perspectives, aiming to understand how the Idrisiyyah Order contributes to modern society and how Sufi teachings and the values of religious moderation are applied in daily life. Using the literature study method, this research explores how the teachings of the Idrisiyyah Order, founded by Ahmad Ibnu Idris al-Fasi, emphasize the principles of love, tolerance, and spirituality. This order emerged as a response to the radicalism and extremism prevalent in today's society. The Idrisiyyah Order is crucial in shaping moderate attitudes through educational approaches, community economic development, and strengthening social networks in Indonesia. These Sufi teachings focus on purifying the heart and spreading compassion, contributing to rejecting violence and intolerance. In this way, the Idrisiyyah Order helps create a more harmonious and peaceful society, demonstrating that spiritual teachings can significantly address contemporary social challenges. This study provides insight into how spiritual approaches can effectively promote moderation and tolerance in Islam
Two-band superconductivity and transition temperature limited by thermal fluctuations in ambient pressure La3-xPrxNi2O7-d (x = 0.0, 0.15, 1.0) thin films
Authors: Talantsev Evgeny
Published: February 2025

Recently, two research groups [1–3] reported on the observation of ambient pressure superconductivity in a few nanometers thick La3-xPrxNi2O7-d (x = 0.0, 0.15, 1.0) films with the T(c,onset)≅40 K and T(c,zero)≤14 K. Here I have analyzed the reported self-field critical current density, J_c (sf,T), and upper critical field, Bc2 (T), for these films1–3 and showed that La3-xPrxNi2O7-d films exhibit a large in-plane London penetration depth, λab(0)=1.9-6.8 μm, and the Ginzburg-Landau parameter κ(0)=500-1000. Deduced λab(0) values are within uncertainty range for independently reported [2] λab(T=1.8 K)=(3.7±1.9) μm. Such large values of λab(0) explain a wide resistive transition in La3-xPrxNi2O7-d films [1–3], because large λab(0) implies low superfluid density, ρs≡1/(λab)^2 , and therefore large thermal fluctuations. Consequently, I calculated the phase fluctuation temperature, Tfluc, and found that the T(c,zero)<T_fluc. I also found that Jc(sf,T) and Bc2 (T) data are nicely fitted to two-band gap models, from which the preference has been given to two-band (s+s)-wave model (for which the ratios of (2ΔL(0))/(kBT(c,L) )≅3.6-4.0 and (2ΔS(0))/(kBT(c,S) )=1.0-3.0 are for the larger and smaller bands, respectively). Besides I showed that bulk highly compressed Ruddlesden–Popper nickelates Lan+1NinO3n+1 (n = 2,3) and ambient pressure Lan+1NinO2n+2 (n = 5) thin film also demonstrate evidence for two-band superconductivity.
GEOMORPHOLOGICAL FEATURES OF SIDAMULYA, SUKABUMI REGENCY, CILETUH PALABUHANRATU UGG
Authors: PUTRI NISRINA NADELLIA , Pratiwi Santi Dwi , Rosana Mega Fatimah
Published: February 2025

The Sidamulya region, located in the Ciracap Subdistrict of Sukabumi Regency, forms part of the Ciletuh Palabuhanratu UNESCO Global Geopark (UGG) and exhibits unique geomorphological features influenced by geological structures and surface processes. This study focuses on analyzing the area’s geomorphology through morphographic, morphometric, and morphogenetic aspects using Digital Elevation Model (DEM) data processed via ArcGIS and field verification. The research identifies five geomorphological units, including denudational and volcanic hills with varying slope gradients, drainage patterns, and lithological compositions. These units are shaped by exogenic processes such as erosion, weathering, and sedimentation, with lithologies including sandstone, breccia, and andesitic-basaltic lava. The thematic maps produced from this study provide valuable insights into the region’s landscape evolution and contribute to sustainable management within the geopark area. Keyword: Sidamulya, Morphography, Morphometric, Morphogenetic, Geomorphology
Model application in sustainable municipality development
Authors: Kádár Beáta , Bilinovics–Sipos Judit , Reicher Regina Zsuzsánna
Published: February 2025

In recent years, there has been an increasing emphasis on boosting domestic tourism. Municipalities need economic and management skills. Different marketing strategies may be appropriate in different regions. Local marketing significantly impacts local economies and is crucial to regional and urban development. Local advertising positively correlates with tourism expenditure. Our previous systematic literature review reviewed publications published in place marketing and place management. The research reviewed can be divided into case studies, model analysis, and qualitative or quantitative research on stakeholders. Identification of variables that significantly impact a settlement’s sustainable economic and social development through a comprehensive systematic literature review of 20 case studies. Once characterised these variables will reveal their interrelationships. Our research is based on a thematic analysis of selected literature from the WoS and Scopus databases. Based on the text analysis, we compiled and characterised the variables. An expert focus group tested the variables. Our analysis will result in the creation of a practical and easily interpretable set of variables that will serve as a user-friendly tool. This practical tool offers an easily interpretable overview for future researchers and practitioners. The methodological basis of the new type model allows researchers to move away from the most common and traditional research methods and explore the field from a new and innovative perspective with fresh methods. Limitations and future research directions: The variables need to be expanded, and the relationships need to be further tested with the involvement of participants.
Employee loyalty in Malaysian organizations: A quantitative approach to assessing its role in sustainable economic growth
Authors: Rahman H. M. Mahfuzur , Malarvizhi Chinnasamy Agamudai Nambi , Khan Nasreen
Published: February 2025

Employees’ loyalty is essential for improving the organization’s performance, thus aiding sustainable economic growth. The study examines the relationship between employee loyalty, organizational performance, and economic sustainability in Malaysian organizations. The results indicate a robust positive correlation between organizational performance and employee loyalty, suggesting loyalty drives productivity, profitability, and operational efficiency. Additionally, the study highlights organizational performance as a mediator that connects loyalty to aggregate-level economic consequences, such as resilience and adaptability under volatile market conditions. The research emphasizes the role of leadership, company culture, and work environments that support cultivating loyalty. It also highlights how loyal employees can be a cornerstone of innovation and corporate social responsibility, which aligns with Malaysia’s sustainable development agenda. By addressing this, organizations are encouraged to adopt measures that can foster loyalty and ensure long-term economic sustainability, including employee engagement initiatives, talent management, and recognition systems. Research to come should investigate longitudinal dynamics, cross-cultural comparisons, and sector-specific factors to cement a better base of understanding about the impact of employee loyalty on organizational and economic outcomes.
Effect of Cortisol on the Bactericidal Function of the Bovine Milk Neutrophil in Vitro
Authors: Fox L. K. , Heald C. W.
Published: February 2025

Milk neutrophils and Staphylococcus aureus were incubated for 2 hours at a 1:1 ratio in sterile common milk media with various cortisol concentrations. Milk neutrophils were harvested twice at a weekly interval from 6 cows. Mean percentage of phagocytosis (± sd) was 20.2 ± 10.1, 34.6 ± 21.0, 27.2 ± 17.8, 30.3 ± 21.4, and 23.9 ± 16.7 for treatments with 0, 20, 40, 60, and 10,000 ng/ml. Mean percentage of kill was 12.7 ± 12.4,14.9 ± 11.2,11.2 ± 10.9, 12.1 ± 12.3, and 6.6 ± 10.3 for 0,20,40,60, and 10,000 ng/ml treatments. Mean percentage of efficiency of kill, a measure of the ability of a neutrophil to kill phagocytized bacteria, was 49.5 ± 40.0, 53.5 ± 38.8, 46.9 ± 38.0, 34.9 ± 35.2, and 27.3 ± 32.8, respectively. The pharmacologic concentration (10,000 ng/ml) of cortisol depressed kill, whereas physiologic concentrations (20, 40, and 60 ng/ml) of cortisol increased phagocytosis, but did not affect kill.
Collection and Cultivation in Vitro of Equine Mammary Macrophages
Authors: Anderson L. W. , Banks K. L.
Published: February 2025

Equine macrophages were obtained from female Shetland ponies by injection of Escherichia coli lipopolysaccharide through the lactiferous ducts of the mammary gland. After 6 to 11 days, balanced salt solution was injected into the mammary gland to wash out accumulated cells. Harvested cells contained a mixture of macrophages, lymphocytes, and neutrophils, with the majority of the cells of mononuclear type. In culture, cells adherent after 24 hours were characterized as macrophages by morphologic features, nonspecific esterase staining, and by the presence of complement and immunoglobulin receptors. These cultures were grown in a variety of culture media. A basal medium, consisting of 15% equine serum and 10% bovine fetal serum in conjunction with rpmi 1640 medium containing 20 mM hepes buffer, was the most effective for maintaining spreading and adhesion of cells. Conditioned medium from mouse fibroblast cultures (L cells), added at 30% to the basal medium, improved cell monolayers by reducing giantcell formation and prolonging cell adhesion.
Evidence, Nature, and Implications of the Constitutive Resistance to Trichinella spiralis in Gallinaceous Birds
Authors: Barriga Omar O.
Published: February 2025

White Leghorn chickens and mice were orally infected with Trichinella spiralis larvae and their digestive tracts were examined for parasites at postinfection hours (pih) 5 and 10, and at postinfection days (pid) 1, 2,4, 6, and 8. Evacuated feces were examined at pih 5 and 10 and at pid 1, and blood was examined at pid 4, 6, and 8. With the exception of trichinae in the digestive tract (9 at pih 5 and 2 at pih 10), parasites were not recovered from chickens. All mice had abundant parasites in the digestive tract and a few parasites in the blood; however, parasites were not found in blood or feces at pid 4.

In vitro incubation of infective larvae (4 hours at 37 C) in an extract of glandular stomach or in a combination of extracts from the small intestine, pancreas, and bile of chickens caused visible alterations in 42% to 64% of the larvae and caused total loss of larval infectivity for mice. Sequential incubation in both fluids caused damage in 91% to 97% of the larvae. The same experiments with mouse extracts caused damage in only 8% to 26% of the larvae and infectivity of the larvae for mice was not reduced noticeably. Digestion of infective T spiralis larvae is an important constitutive mechanism of resistance in chickens that probably precludes the transmission of the infection by gallinaceous birds in nature.
Toxic Bermuda Grass Tremor in the Goat: An Electroencephalographic Study
Authors: Strain George M. , Seger Cameron L. , Flory Wayne
Published: February 2025

Tremorgenic Bermuda grass hay harvested during the 1971 Louisiana outbreak of toxicosis and kept in cold storage until 1979 was fed to a female Nubian cross goat. Cortical eeg from chronically implanted screw electrodes was recorded daily during hay consumption. Typical clinical signs of toxicosis were manifested as ataxia on day 8 and tremor on day 11. Motor activity returned to normal 2 days after reinstitution of nontoxic Bermuda grass hay. Changes in eeg amplitudes, frequency content, or waveforms were not seen during the development or after the appearance of toxicosis. The administration of diazepam at the height of toxicosis suppressed the tremor for several hours.
Scanning and Transmission Electron Microscopic Study of the Small Intestine of Colostrum-Fed Calves Infected with Selected Strains of Escherichia coli
Authors: Hadad J. J. , Gyles C. L.
Published: February 2025

Colostrum-fed calves were fed milk replacer containing 1011 enteropathogenic Escherichia coli (eec) or nonenteropathogenic E coli (neec). The neec failed to colonize the small intestine or to be associated with the intestinal wall. The eec colonized the middle and caudal portions of the small intestine, and in these areas, 80% of the organisms were associated with the intestinal wall.

Light, immunofluorescence, scanning, and transmission electron microscopic studies demonstrated a layer of eec adherent to the mucosal surface of the jejunum and ileum of infected calves. Transmission electron microscopy revealed that each eec was surrounded by an electron-lucent zone and that some organisms had dense fuzzy surface structures which resembled pili. In the staining with ruthenium red, the electron-lucent areas were occupied by thick capsular material which seemed to be in contact with the microvilli. In some areas of contact with eec, the microvilli were elongated and projected into the intestinal lumen. Light microscopy demonstrated stunted, thickened, and fused villi with the lamina propria expanded by inflammatory infiltrate.

Changes in the villous surface topography, such as denudation of the tips of the villi and exposure of the lamina propria into the lumen, were observed by light and scanning microscopies in samples taken after death of the calves, but not in adjacent samples removed from calves under general anesthesia.
Border Disease Virus Isolation from Postpartum Ewes
Authors: Niemi S. M. , Evermann J. F. , Huffman E. M. , Kirk J. H.
Published: February 2025

The prevalence of border disease virus in a flock of Targhee sheep in southern Idaho was determined by serologic and virologic techniques. Of 249 ewes, 73 (29%) were seropositive to the antigenically related togavirus, bovine viral diarrhea virus (bvdv). Concurrent testing of sera from 337 neonatal lambs indicated that 172 (51%) were seropositive for bvdv. It was observed that a high percentage (35%) of the bvdv-seropositive lambs were derived from seronegative ewes. Immunotolerance of the ewe was considered as the explanation for the lack of serologic relationship between seropositive lambs and their seronegative dams.

Eleven cytopathogenic viruses were isolated from nasal and vaginal specimens obtained from 80 clinically healthy ewes within 24 hours of parturition. The viral isolates were demonstrated to be antigenically related to bvdv by direct immunofluorescence. Six of the 11 isolates were obtained from bvdv-seronegative ewes.
Determination of sensitivity and specificity of the Nocardia asteroides skin test for detection of bovine mammary infections caused by Nocardia asteroides and Nocardia caviae
Authors: Salman M. D. , Bushnell R. B. , Pier A. C.
Published: February 2025

A total of 116 cows from 4 dairy herds in California were used to determine the sensitivity and specificity of extracellular antigen of Nocardia astero des for possible detection of bovine mastitis caused by N asteroides and N caviae.

Three different positive criteria were used. These criteria gave different sensitivity and specificity to the skin test.

The highest sensitivity of 80% and highest specificity of 96.04% were obtained by combining 2 criteria.

The study found no cross-reaction between N asteroides antigen and Mycobacterium fortuitum or N asteroides and tuberculin skin tests. There was cross-reaction between N asteroides antigen and N caviae infection.
Effect of diethylcarbamazine on Strongylus vulgaris infection in ponies
Authors: Hofing G. L. , Bennett D. G.
Published: February 2025

Shetland ponies (n = 4) were given diethylcarbamazine orally at a dose level of 22 mg/kg/day for 1 week before they were inoculated with 800 third-stage larvae of Strongylus vulgaris. Treatment was continued for 86 (1 pony) or 200 days (3 ponies) after the inoculation. As compared with the changes seen in a similarly inoculated group of ponies (group 2) which were not treated, diethylcarbamazine did not prevent the clinical or pathologic changes due to the migrating larvae. Fewer adult parasites were recovered at necropsy from treated ponies than from nontreated (group 2) ponies, even when treatment was discontinued 86 days after inoculation. Treatment appeared to have a detrimental effect on 4th-stage larvae either in the arteries or their intestinal wall, but not until after arterial lesions resulted.
Effects of ACTH administration on bovine polymorphonuclear leukocyte function and lymphocyte blastogenesis
Authors: Roth James A. , Kaeberle Merlin L. , Hsu Walter H.
Published: February 2025

Yearling steers were treated with ACTH to determine the effect of increased plasma cortisol concentration on bovine lymphocyte and polymorphonuclear leukocyte (pmn) function. The administration of ACTH caused a significant (P < 0.01) increase in serum cortisol concentration and depression of lymphocyte blastogenesis in response to phytohemagglutinin and concanavalin A. The response to pokeweed mitogen was also depressed, but not significantly. Random migration by pmn was significantly enhanced by ACTH treatment, but there was no effect on ingestion of Staphylococcus aureus, nitroblue tetrazolium reduction, or antibody-dependent cell-mediated cytotoxicity by pmn. The iodination reaction, which evaluates the activity of the myeloperoxidase-hydrogen peroxide-halide antibacterial system of the pmn, was significantly impaired after ACTH treatment. These data indicate that specific parameters of lymphocyte and neutrophil function were impaired directly or indirectly by elevated in vivo concentrations of plasma cortisol.
Contact studies of the canine femoropatellar joint
Authors: White Karl K. , Hungerford David S. , Jones Lynne C.
Published: February 2025

During development of a closed impact-trauma model, using the canine femoropatellar articulation, animal weight or other readily measured physical characters were correlated with surface area, location, and shape of femoropatellar contact at various femorotibial angulations. The information allows making reasonable predictions regarding femoropatellar contact just before delivery of calibrated closed impact-trauma to the patella. Femoropatellar contact area location, shape, and size were determined in the left pelvic limbs of 10 dogs, ranging in weight from 20.0 to 40.9 kg (mean 27.2 kg). Determinations were made at 90, 110, and 130° femorotibial angulations, using a new casting technique and at 70, 90, 110, 130, and 150°, using a previously described dye technique. Location and shape of the contact areas were relatively constant for a given femorotibial angulation. Bipartite areas of contact were seen on 3 specimens. Using data from the dye technique, a definitive correlation was established between antemortem animal weight and contact area size. Patellar dimensions also correlated well with contact surface area. An inverse relationship between contact area per unit body weight and total body weight was observed. Contact area size did not vary significantly with increasing compressive force resulting from changes in femorotibial angulation. These determinations allow making reasonable predictions of both location and size of articular contact area immediately preceding delivery of closed impact to the joint.
End-point dilution-fluorescent antibody technique for cloning hog cholera virus
Authors: Kresse J. I. , Stewart W. C. , Carbrey E. A. , Snyder M. L.
Published: February 2025

Hog cholera virus was cloned by incubating selected pretitrated dilutions of the virus on PK-15 cell cultures for 2 hours. After a thorough washing, the coverslip cell cultures were overlayed with medium containing 0.1% hog cholera immune serum to prevent secondary foci. Forty-eight hours later, the cultures were vigorously washed and maintenance medium containing 5% bovine fetal serum was added. When examined by the fluorescent antibody technique 18 hours later, single plaques were observed in some cultures with no evidence of secondary foci.

The virus clone subsequently yielded a homogeneous population of hog cholera virus that retained the characteristics of the parent strain; pathogenicity of the virus clone in pigs was demonstrated, and specific immunofluorescence occurred in infected cell cultures stained with fluorescein isothiocyanate-labeled antibody. The method used gave reasonable assurance of the cloned virus' freedom from extraneous agents.
Chemotaxis of horse polymorphonuclear leukocytes to N-formyl-l-methionyl-l-leucyl-l-phenylalanine
Authors: Zinkl Joseph G. , Brown Patricia D.
Published: February 2025

Horse polymorphonuclear leukocytes (pmn) isolated from horse blood by sedimentation and isotonic lysis and having about 25% accompanying lymphocytes were as effective at chemotaxis as nearly pure pmn isolated by density gradient techniques. N-Formyl-l-methionyl-l-leucyl-l phenylalanine (fmlp), used as a representative of the formylmethionyl peptides (produced by prokaryocytic organisms), was effective as a chemoattractant only at the high concentration of 10-4M. When serum was preincubated with fmlp at concentrations as low as 10-8M, the serum attracted horse pmn. This activity was not generated when heatinactivated (56 to 60 C for 30 minutes) serum was used. A combination of fmlp and zymosan was no more effective than zymosan alone in generating serum chemoattractants. The results of this study indicate that the fmlp is a weak chemoattractant for horse pmn, but that fmlp has the capability similar to that of zymosan to activate complement to produce pmn chemoattractants.