bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Water balance for irrigation area
Authors: Nurdiyanto N
Published: October 2019

Water balance for the irrigation area will be achieved if every time for irrigation water needs is never greater than the availability of water and in certain same conditions. Salamdarma irrigation area is located on the border area of the Indramayu and Subang regions, West Java Province which is managed by PT Jasa Tirta II Patrol Section. The purpose of this research is to control the water balance of Salamdarma irrigation area. The analysis by taking into account the needs and availability of water for irrigation. The method used is water balance from rainfall data using hydrology analysis with R80 % for potential discharge and cropping pattern analysis for water requirement. The results of the analysis show that the amount of average water requirement is 30 m3/s and the average potential discharge is 64 m3/s. This means that the needs and availability of water in Salamdarma irrigation area are still balanced.
In Vitro study of Garcinia celebica L. Stem Barks against Hepatitis C virus and Hepatocellular Carcinoma
Authors: Apriyanto D R , Hartati S , Dewi B E , Aoki-Utsubo C , Hotta H
Published: October 2019

In this study, we are focused on Garcinia celebica as anti-HCV activity against JFH1 strain genotype 2a. The extraction process employed the use of maceration method. Starting from n-hexane solvent and another residue. The extracts were then analysed with various doses of 20, 10, 5, 2.5, and 1.25 μg/mL for anti-HCV against JFH1 strain genotype 2a and anticancer against Huh7it-1 cell line. The extracts exhibited anti-HCV on 1.25 μg/mL and no sign of toxicity to Huh7it-1 cells. The extracts also expressed anticancer activity on 20, 10, 5, and 2.5 μg/mL with a high level of toxicity to Huh7it-1 cells. The results from this study suggest that Garcinia celebica may be necessary as an add-on therapy candidate for treating HCV infections and HCC.
The effect of Delphi-based on learning media at student learning outcomes in basic electricity and electronics subjects viewed from the level of student learning autonomy
Authors: Cahyono B D , Muslim S , Djoko D
Published: October 2019

This research is motivated by the mastery of matter electrical learning lessons subjects from the majority of Vocational High School students, still very lacking, mainly due to inadequate learning media. This study aims to determine: the influence of Delphi-based learning media on student learning autonomy and student learning outcomes in the subjects electrical learning lessons. The method used in this study is a literature study of research results, and journals about Delphi-based learning media, its effect on student learning autonomy, and its effect on student learning outcomes. Research found that: the use of Delphi-based learning media can increase student learning autonomy student learning outcomes in in the subjects electrical learning lessons.
Fuzzy Delphi method in education: A mapping
Authors: Ciptono A , Setiyono S , Nurhidayati F , Vikaliana R
Published: October 2019

The Fuzzy Delphi method offers many benefits, including the ability to obtain expert opinion, build consensus, determine the suitability of implementing instructional interventions, forecast trends, and interact with research subjects without being limited by time and space. However, overall understanding of state-of-art in the Fuzzy Delphi Method is still needed. Therefore, this article aims to classify, identify scientific publications, and conduct thematic analyses of the current literature in the Fuzzy Delphi Method to create a broad and detailed understanding, especially in education. The results of this mapping are expected to contribute to researchers and practitioners in determining the gap of the research focus and the next type of research on Fuzzy Delphi Analysis. The research method was carried out by systematic mapping studies (SMS) to study scientific publications Fuzzy Delphi Method in education produced from time to time, the focus of research and the most researched types of paper, and research methods that have been applied. The SMS procedure follows practical guidelines and data mapping using the SCOPUS electronic database library. Based on the results of the SMS on research in the Fuzzy Delphi Method in the field of education it is known that the methods used to determine interactive animation are appropriately applied as learning media, selecting prospective students and determining majors in Vocational High Schools, identifying elements of competencies needed by industry.
The influence of concept maps and visuospatial representations to students achievement and creativity on plant anatomy courses
Authors: Suprapto P K
Published: October 2019

Concept maps used to understand the concept of plant anatomy, and visuospatial representations are used to create 3 dimensions the imagination concept from two dimension images to 3 dimension concrete. That is can improve creativity. The purpose of the research was to know the effect of a concept map and visuospatial representation to the students achievement and creativity on plant anatomy courses. Method of this research was correlational, the sample was the biology perspective teacher students who take plant anatomy courses amount of 34 students. A deductive approach was used in learning and used Wimba model learning as a learning model based on visuospatial. Data collecting used concept map rubric plant anatomy test, visuospatial assessment and creativity. Data processing was multiple regression test. The result shows that simultaneously concept maps and 3D representation have a very significant effect on students achievement and creativity. The conclusion was the concept mapping and 3D representation effective to improve students achievement and creativity.
Process parameters selection of insulator contamination cleaning by dry ice
Authors: Fang J , Mo W X , Qin Y , Li S N , Jiang J , Su J H , Liu J S , Yu J H , Zhou W J
Published: October 2019

The dry ice cleaning was applied to the charged cleaning of the insulators in the power distribution room. On the basis of the system parameters optimization experiments of the insulator dry ice cleaning, setting the air pressure to 0.6 MPa and the dry ice flow rate to 2.5 kg/min, the process parameters optimization experiments of the insulator dry ice cleaning were carried out, and the optimal cleaning process parameters of the insulator were obtained through experiments. Using multi-physics simulation software Comsol to analyze the force distribution of external surface of the insulator when spraying dry ice at different distances and different angles in the dry ice cleaning, the experiment results were verified and the following conclusions were obtained: the cleaning angle and cleaning distance of the nozzle are affecting dry ice cleaning effect. The main process factors of the cleaning effect are most effective when the nozzle cleaning angle is from 15° to 25° and the cleaning distance is from 18 cm to 24 cm.
Experimental study on gasification of bituminutesous coal char with CO2 catalysed by CaO
Authors: Suo X L , Song Y , Sheng J G
Published: October 2019

The effects of CaO under normal pressure and CaO soaked in ammonia on the isothermal gasification of Jinjie bituminous coal char-CO2 are studied on the self-built fixed-bed experimental bench with analytical pure CaO as the precursor. The experimental results show that the gasification activity of Jinjie coal char increases with the increase of Ca addition. The load saturation is 5% at 780°C gasification temperature, and the load saturation are 3% at 810°C, 850°C and 900°C. Adding 3% CaO coal char can reduce the gasification temperature by 120°C, and reduce the coal char conversion rate to 95% by 85 min at 900°C gasification temperature. After soaking in ammonia water, the gasification activity of coal char and the gasification activity of coal char added with CaO catalyst are increased to different degrees. At 850°C, the increase of K value and Rm reach the maximum when CaO catalyzes coal char gasfication by ammonia immersion, which are 49.7% and 35.9%, respectively.
Data model of multiple new energy equipment for energy internet application
Authors: Peng Z W , Wen B J , Xie H Y , Huang J W , Wei L H , Xiao Z H , Jiang J , Zhang T F , He Y , Zhao G , Hu J
Published: October 2019

In order to meet the application demand of the “Internet Plus” smart energy demonstration project in Zhuhai, following the IEC61970/61968 CIM and the ECIM specification of China Southern Power Grid, an extension of CIM for multiple new energy equipment is carried based on the power grid resource CIM model and the physical model of GIS platform, where the DC model, the urban multi energy pipe network model, the energy production model, the energy storage model, customer energy source and load model are added to build a comprehensive multiple energy equipment data model from the perspective of the grid, city, park and user. The data model supports the integration of internal data and external data of integrated energy, and satisfies the integration and sharing of information among different systems of energy internet.
Physical and thermal coupling calculation for accelerator driven subcritical core
Authors: Dai C H , Lao X S , Liu Y , Zhang K L
Published: October 2019

The lead Anode (LBE) cooling ADS core is taken as the research object, and the ADS core axial one-dimensional physical thermal coupling model is established. The deterministic method is used to calculate the subcritical flux neutron flux distribution based on Monte Carlo. The method calculates the accelerator beam and the external neutron source generated by the spallation target. The ADS core thermal hydraulic analysis is carried out by a single-channel model, and the fuel elements are respectively divided into nodes in the axial direction and the radial direction, and the influence of thermal feedback on the neutronics characteristics of the subcritical core is considered. The one-dimensional physical thermal coupling model established in this paper can accurately calculate the spatial distribution of key parameters such as neutron flux density, fuel and cladding temperature in ADS core.
The influence and strategy on the dilemma of transnational environmental damage to the state responsibility on the current energetic situation
Authors: Lu W
Published: October 2019

This paper mainly analyzes the difficulties of transnational environmental damage to state responsibility: it is difficult to establish the causal relationship between the cause and effect, to identify the polluters, to quantify the damage, and to improve the supporting legal measures. This paper analyzes the impact of the above predicament on the energy situation, and puts forward some methods to improve it: propose to construct a unified legal norm system for transnational environmental damage and state responsibility, and improve the early warning mechanism of environmental pollution in order to prevent it before happening, provide effective and sufficient financial support, etc.
Application of current sensor based on giant magnetoresistance effect in distribution network
Authors: Xu A D , Li L C , Li P , Wang Z M , Wu Z B , Hao C J
Published: October 2019

Advanced sensing and measurement techniques are key technologies to realize a smart grid. With the advantages of having a high sensitivity, high linearity, small volume, and simple structure, the giant magnetoresistance (GMR) current sensor has broad application prospects in smart grid measurement and monitoring. This paper presents and studies a current sensor terminal based on giant magnetoresistance chip, the overall structure of the current sensor is designed, the power supply scheme and wireless communication scheme are formulated, the insulation protection and IP protection scheme of the current sensor are designed, and the current sensor terminal which can be used in the distribution network scene is prepared. The field response is carried out in the 10kV distribution transformer cable at last. The stability and reliability of the terminal operation are verified. The research results show that the current sensor developed in this paper has the advantages of convenient layout, stable operation and wireless communication. It can provide more comprehensive and real-time information support for the operation of distribution network and lay the foundation for the transparency of smart grid.
An optimal dispatch model based on load aggregator associated with energy hub
Authors: Yang M , Bai H K , Deng F Z , Song D W , Gong K
Published: October 2019

With the open of demand side, the demand response will increase the flexibility of power system. As an intermediate between electricity market sellers and demand side users, load aggregator (LA) has more choices in the load shedding transactions with a large amount of demand side resources. This paper considers the impact of energy hub (including electricity energy and heat energy) to the trade strategy of load aggregator and proposes the trading framework of load aggregator based on energy hub (EH), then a load aggregator trading model based on transaction cost is established. Through the linear optimization with trading model, the transaction costs of load aggregator are compared whether the energy hub is used or not, and the influence of efficiency of different modules in energy hub on their supply proportion is analysed, and finally the trading strategy of load aggregator is studied when the demand side resources take part in load shedding.
Dry friction damping blade structural vibration analysis of ocean nuclear power platform steam turbine
Authors: Wu J , Lao X S , Dai C H , Liu Y , Lv W J
Published: October 2019

The ocean nuclear platform turbine blade is studied. Based on the nonlinear finite element method, the contact pressure load on the friction contact surface is analyzed. The three-dimensional finite element vibration characteristic numerical model is established. The spring damping element is applied to describe the friction damping characteristics between the shroud and snubber contact surfaces of adjacent blades. The equivalent stiffness and damping coefficients of the shroud and snubber contact surfaces are calculated based on the experiment results of dry friction dynamic characteristics with blade material. The structural vibration response under different contact pressure load is analyzed by harmonic balance method. Furthermore, the simulation results are compared with the experiment results. The results show that the blade structural vibration response decreases significantly as a result of the damping between friction contact surfaces. The relative error of the resonance frequency for free blade is only 0.53%. The relative errors of modal damping ratio for the free blade and constrained blade are less than 2.65% and 20% respectively. The relative error of the constrained blade resonance amplitude is less than 15%. The reliability of the numerical analysis method is verified by comparison with experimental data.
In situ growth of CNTs on carbon fiber by chemical vapor deposition
Authors: Yao Z Q , Wang C G , Wang Y X
Published: October 2019

Carbon nanotubes (CNTs), as a kind of one-dimensional nanomaterial with special structure, have excellent properties in various aspects. Grafting CNTs onto carbon fiber (CF) surface to improve the mechanical properties of carbon fiber reinforced composites has been the focus at home and abroad. In this paper, chemical vapor deposition (CVD) was used to in situ grow CNTs on CF surface with carbon monoxide (CO) as carbon source and ferric nitrate (Fe (NO3)3·9H2O) as catalyst. The effect of different process conditions on the growth of CNTs were explored and the mechanism was briefly described. It is found that the oxidation treatment of CF could introduce a large number of reactive groups on the surface of CF, which was conducive to uniform dispersion of the catalyst. The morphology of CNTs were characterized by scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The results showed that the optimum growth concentration of catalyst precursor was 0.05 mol/L.
Coordinated power flow control of DC microgrid consisting of distributed generations and energy storage system
Authors: Nguyen T V , Kim K-H
Published: October 2019

In this paper, to operate DC microgrid in a flexible and reliable way, a coordinated power flow control strategy of DC microgrid and control methodology of power electronic converters are presented in both the grid-tied mode or islanded mode. For this purpose, the operation algorithm and power flow of DC microgrid are selected based on the distributed generation power, load demand, and energy storage system (ESS) status. The effectiveness of the system power balance and power flow control method are verified during operation mode transition through the simulation studies based on the PSIM software.
A Lattice Boltzmann simulation on fin enhanced water cooling of a solar CPV-T receiver
Authors: Ng T , Su Y
Published: October 2019

A fin enhanced cooling of a Solar Concentrated Photovoltaic Thermal (CPV-T) receiver is studied with the new computational method, i.e., an improved Lattice Boltzmann Method (LBM). Transient flow patterns and temperature fields have been obtained by the mesoscopic scale simulations with Non-dimensional Lattice Boltzmann Methods (NDLBM). The results show that the application of metal fins such as material copper will enhance the cooling slightly, while glass fins are not friendly to enhance heat transfer although they can keep high light transportation ratio. Geometry factors such as fin heights, gap distance, and thicknesses are also compared. It is found out that shorter smaller gap thicker fins are better designs because they reduce the impeding effects on fluid flow and increase the heat transfer areas between solid and fluid phases.
Single-phase photovoltaic grid-connected inverter for predictive control method with power feed-forward
Authors: Pei Y M , Xiong L , Zhang D J , Liu H M , Zhu Y J
Published: October 2019

In the traditional photovoltaic grid-connected inverter control, there are problems such as slow system response speed, low stability and grid-connected current distortion. In this regard, a novel current prediction control method for grid-connected inverter with power feed-forward is proposed. The method consists of DC voltage outer loop control, current predictive control, power feed-forward and grid voltage feed-forward. The characteristic is that the current prediction control algorithm derived from the state equation of the grid-connected inverter effectively suppresses the influence of DC voltage fluctuation on the grid-connected current and enhances the robustness of the system; the introduction of power feed-forward accelerates the dynamic response of the system; The introduction of grid voltage feed-forward reduces voltage distortion or current distortion. And the traditional PI control module is not needed, the structure is simple, and the circuit is easy to implement. Matlab/Simulink simulation model and experimental results prove the effectiveness of the proposed control method, which is more practical than the traditional double loop control method.
Study on practical voltage secondary loop testing tool
Authors: Ren Z , Qi Y W , Yang P W , Zheng B W , Lu J Q , Gao H
Published: October 2019

A practical test tool for voltage secondary circuit is used for field test of Secondary Screen Cabinet in transformer substation, such as power quality and microcomputer protection. Because of the influence of the structure of the voltage connection terminal and the site environmental conditions, there are unreliable contacts between the test terminals in the voltage test, which not only effects the test efficiency, but also has the risk of Electric leakage which effects personal safety. The whole structure of the voltage testing tool of this project adopts self-locking fixture structure. In the design, first of all, considering the stability of the structure, the main body of the voltage testing tool adopts the hook structure which is fully fitted with the voltage terminal. In practical use, it can quickly realize the tight combination with the voltage terminal and the requirements of the voltage testing tool which includes the stability and ease of use.
Removal of Hg2+ from flue gas by petroleum thioether
Authors: Fu K L , Yao M Y , Wang D B , Zhao H C , Cheng G W , Yang S
Published: October 2019

Petroleum thioether showed excellent flue gas de-Hg2+ ability to control mercury reemission. Petroleum thioether was prepared with high-sulfur crude oil as raw materials and characterized by FT-IR. The thioether group content was 0.104 g/g by the potentiometric titration with lead acetate as titrant. The Hg2+ removal performance of petroleum thioether was studied in simulated flue gas. The experiment results exhibited that petroleum thioether showed excellent Hg2+ removal efficiency in flue gas without threat of mercury reemission, and the process for Hg2+ capture by petroleum thioether was exothermic and went on smoothly below 60°C. 6 M HCl could be used to regenerate petroleum thioether trapped Hg2+, and there acquired a regeneration of 89.6%, which meant this Hg2+ removal treat showed low operation cost. Moreover, the regeneration of petroleum thioether captured Hg2+ facilitated the centralized processing of mercury and prepared well for the full utilization of mercury resources.
Analysis of Abnormal Causes and Renovation Measures for Voltage Monitor Board of Light Triggered Thyristor in Zhaoqing Converter Station
Authors: Wang Z , Feng L
Published: October 2019

In September 2018, 25 thyristor voltage monitor (TVM) boards of the Y4 valve of Pole 2 in Zhaoqing converter station did not have feedback signal. In order to make clear the root cause of this incident, the paper draws the detailed schematic diagram of the TVM board of converter valve in Zhaoqing station, and then studies the working principle of the TVM board and its feedback signal circuits, and analyzes the information interchange among all the functional modules. The pulse generation of positive voltage signal, negative voltage signal and overvoltage signal of the board are dissected. Then the equivalent circuit of each functional module is established to deduce the real reason of TVM board abnormality by quantitative calculation. Then the optimized scheme of TVM board circuit is proposed. Finally, comparative tests between the original circuit and the optimized circuit are carried out with the power supply of 459V RMS sinusoidal voltage and 7kV magnitude overvoltage respectively. The results show that the analysis of the TVM board working principle is correct, and the optimized scheme of TVM board circuit is effective.
Effect of Current and Wire Speed on Surface Roughness in the manufacturing of Straight Gear using Wire-cut EDM Process
Authors: Nur Rusdi , Muas M. , Apollo  , Risal Syah
Published: October 2019

The gears are an important part of a mechanism. Making gears requires high precision to avoid backlash. The machining process that can produce high precision is the process of Wire cut EDM. This study aims to determine the roughness of the workpiece surface and investigate the effect of current and wire speed on the roughness of the straight gear surface through wire cut machine EMS 45. The wire cut machining parameters used are 3, 5, and 7 amperes for current, and wire speed of 8, 10, and 12 mm/min. While the Wire material is a type of brass with 0.25 mm in diameter. The results presented that the increased use of current and wire speed will result in lower surface roughness, and vice versa. Therefore, it can be concluded that use low machine parameters to produce a smooth workpiece surface.
Development of Quadcopter for Tracking Object Using Image Processing
Authors: Nugraha Muhammad Ifan , Utomo Ardiansyah Tri , Taufik Akhmad , Tandioga Remigius , Syam Rafiuddin
Published: October 2019

Quadcopter is an unmanned aircraft that could be used as an image recorder at various view angle that can’t be placed by a human. This research is done to planning, building and implement a quadcopter that is equipped with a camera. Then, we apply for a tracking object program in the quadcopter which is called image processing. Therefore, this research begins by designing the mechanical and electrical of the quadcopter. While the designing of the software is done by making image processing program using C++. Data collection is done by testing the device in each section. Based on the result of research and testing, the result shows that quadcopter could follow a straight moving human, then it turns 90° to right as far as 10 meters. But, there are any movements that we did not expect before, which is in the altitude of the quadcopter, it because of the instability of the loiter flight mode.
Prototype Development of Portable Head Feed Harvesting Robot
Authors: Anugrah Muh Rifai , Jeky  , Muhammad Abdul Kadir , Taufik Akhmad , Syam Rafiuddin
Published: October 2019

This study aims to develop a prototype of portable head feed harvesting robot that can be installed in a tractor so that the users of tractors that initially only function during the farming season can also function during the harvesting season. This machine is divided into 3 main parts. In the first part there is a cutting mechanism that functions to cut rice using a DC electric motor with a crank mechanism connection to the cutting shaft. The second part is a rice lifting mechanism which functions to lift the rice cut into the conveyor belt position. The third part is a connection that connects the rice cutting machine to the used tractor using a bolt connection. The machine has been tested on rice field and work successfully.
Ultimate Strength Investigation of Ro-Ro Ship
Authors: Alie Muhammad Zubair Muis , Juswan  , Rachman Taufiqur , Paotonan Chairul
Published: October 2019

Ro-Ro ship has special characteristic for cargo handling because the cargo is transferred in horizontal direction. For example, cars can move by using ramp door which is located in front and/or aft of the ship. In conjunction with this, car passenger and other decks such as top including bottom part need to be investigated for local and global of Ro-Ro ship structure. In the present study, the ultimate strength investigation of Ro-Ro ship is conducted. There are three types of Ro-Ro ships are taken as the ship’s subject. The cross section of Ro-Ro is considered in the analysis and it is modelled having plate and stiffened plate. The one-frame is represented in longitudinal direction. The simply supported of boundary condition is applied and the cross section is assumed to be remained plane. The calculation of the ultimate strength using in-house integrated program. The ultimate strength of Ro-Ro ship is investigated under hogging and sagging conditions. The vertical bending moment is imposed to the cross section to obtain the ultimate strength including their progressive collapse. The result obtained by in-house program for three types of Ro-Ro ships are summarized and the collapse behaviour for local and global of the decks to the ultimate strength of Ro-Ro ship are also presented in this study.
Calcareous Nannofossil Assemblages of Tonasa Formation Palakka Area, South Sulawesi: Implication of Paleoenvironmental application
Authors: Farida M , Jaya A , Sato T
Published: October 2019

Tonasa limestone formation in this area consists of interbedded between marl and limestone, which were developed intensively in the marine environment from the Late Eocene to Oligocene. One important component of this rock is Calcareous nannofossil as the primary production of CaCO3. The aim of this study are to obtain data from the distribution of calcareous nannofossil, assemblages and early investigation about the implications for the paleoenvironment. Calcareous nannofossil is a good indicator for determining paleoenvironmental conditions such as modern coccolithophores that show seawater stratification. The material under study came from the outcrops of the Barru River, which were collected by measuring section method, then the samples were prepared using the smearslide technique. The result are the presence some marker species such as Sphenolithus distentus, Distyococcites bisectus, Zygrhablithus bijugatus, Phontosphaera enormis, Cyclicarg, olithus abisectus, Sphenolithus predistentus, Discoaster saipanensis, Spenolithus pseudoradians. The presence of Discoaster as typical warm water organism characterize the deep photic zone, therefore indicates stratified water colomn as well as deepened nutricline.
Numerical Examination of Metamaterial Concentrator Design for High Efficient Thermal Energy Harvester
Authors: Muslimin Zaenab , Kaikatui Rapha Nichita , Palantei Elyas , Areni Intan Sari , Syarif Syafruddin , Suyuti Ansar , Indrabayu  , Pala’biran Merandy
Published: October 2019

Nowadays, research on energy harvesting is highly interest to harvest more waste thermal energy which produced by any kind of thermal engine in our daily life. Thermal metamaterials, designed by transformation thermodynamics are artificial structure that can actively control heat flux at a continuum scale. However, right now the problem of using metamaterial on thermal harvesting is to know what is the best shape design, configuration, and best material to obtain highly efficient on thermal energy harvesting because of the number of research on this field is limited. Flower-shaped metamaterial thermal concentrator has developed and it showed that the design can performed well on directing heat flux to specific location. However, the Flower-shaped metamaterial design that has been conducted before not optimized yet. In the current paper, the numerical simulation and analysis for several metamaterial and shape construction variations were performed using Ansys Workbench™ to characterize the best configuration to optimizing flower-shaped thermal concentrator. A number of interesting numerical computation presented on this research manuscript including total heat flux, temperature distribution, and thermal concentrator efficiency on the surface of the constructed concentrator. The aim of this paper is to provide more reference on metamaterial design for thermal harvesting.
Analysis of Natural Light Distribution in the Building
Authors: Jamala Nurul , Rahim Ramli , Mulyadi Rosady
Published: October 2019

Global warming affect the condition of the sky and also affect the temperature on the earth surface. Changes in sky conditions affect the distribution of light into the building. Sunlight is a natural light source in the morning, afternoon and evening. Utilization of natural lighting into buildings, can reduce energy use as an artificial lighting source. Phinisi Tower Building has a unique form of hyperbolic paraboloid, so it can be a guide in designing buildings. This building needs to be analyzed, how the distribution of light into the building, so it can become a guide in buildings design. The purpose of this study is how the influence of position, floor height and window openings on the building envelope to the distribution of natural light. Quantitative research method is to analyze the level of illumination inside and outside the building in the form of tables and graphs. The result of research is illuminance level of daylight depends on the sky condition and it have affect the light distribution into the building. The increased light distribution at the height of the floor. As well as of window opening on the building envelope (top lighting and side lighting) have effect on the level of illuminance in the building. The distribution of natural light will increase during the day, if the sky condition does not change in one day.
Optimization of stirring parameters on the rheocast microstructure and mechanical properties of aluminum alloy ADC12
Authors: Rasyid Syaharuddin , Renreng Ilyas , Arif Effendy , Arsyad Hairul , Syahid Muhammad
Published: October 2019

This paper presents an experimental design approach for the optimization process parameters for the aluminum solid alloy casting of ADC12 alloys. To achieve this goal, the stirring time parameter and stirring speed are selected and two levels of this parameter are considered. Design of expert (DOE) of tests was used for experimental design and analysis of results. The aluminum ADC12 slurry is stirred by a mechanical stirrer (straight plate stirrer models) at 610°C with a variation of speed 250, 300, 350 rpm for 20, 40, 60 seconds. Furthermore, the aluminum slurry of ADC12 is poured on a metal mold with temperature 600°C. The microstructure characteristics were examined by direct observation using optical microscopy, secondary α-Al phase dendrite arm spacing and shape factor were identified. The mechanical properties were investigated by the hardness test and tensile test. The microstructure and mechanical properties of aluminum alloys ADC12 made with semi-solid rheocasting casting technology using several parameters stirring have been studied, and the results obtained can be synergized as follows. The highest mechanical properties (Hardness 122,5 HB, Tensile strength 238.2 N / mm2) occur at 300 rpm stirring speed and 20 seconds stirring time. Secondary Dendrite Arm Spacing (SDAS) lowest occurred at 25 rpm stirring speed and 20 seconds stirring time of 13.93 μm. The highest shape factor occurs at 300 rpm stirrer spin and 20 seconds stirring time of 0.47. The optimal stirring parameters recommended for producing a hardness response of 122,071 HRC, tensile strength 236,271 N / mm2, Shape Factor (SF) 0.38994, and Secondary Dendrite Arm Spacing (SDAS) are 317 rpm (stirring speed) and 20 seconds (stirring time).
Fuel Production and Materials Synthesis by In-liquid Plasma
Authors: Nomura Shinfuku
Published: October 2019

The in-liquid plasma process has been utilized to produce fuel gases from various liquids such as hydrocarbon and alcohol liquids, electrolytes, waste oil, biomass solutions, including glucose and cellulose, as well as to synthesize Zn, ZnO, WO3, Mg(OH)2 nanoparticles and diamonds. Using this technology, zero-emission hydrogen generation could become possible because it enables liquids to be directly broken down by plasma, making possible the decomposition of waste substances while producing useful materials. The application of the in-liquid plasma process for hydrogen production, decomposition of biomass, and synthesis of materials has already produced significant results. These highlight data will provide new information on “in-liquid plasma application.
Analysis of ignition delay and burning rate of dammar resin
Authors: Jamal Jamal
Published: October 2019

This study aims to determine the ignition delay and the burning rate of dammar resin. The test is carried out by observing the process starting with the fall of the dammar resin above the furnace then starting to form until the combustion process ends. Observations were made using a Canon G15 digital camera that has the ability to record movies at speeds of 240 f/s. The analysis was carried out by first changing the recording results into an image using the program free video to jpg converter v.5.0.43 build 605. The results were obtained in the form of the mass relation of dammar resin material (g) to the ignition delay (s) in the equation

Y
I

=
−
170
,
8.

X
w
2

+
8
,
258.

X
w

+
1
,
631

. The mass relationship of dammar resin material (g) with the duration of combustion time (s) in the equation Ythe t
= 87,64.Xw
+ 1,373. The mass relation of dammar resin material (g) to the burning rate (g/s) in the equations

Y

v
m

=
−
0
,
497.

X
w
2

+
0
,
099
.

X
w

+
0
,
004

. The relationship of the initial diameter of dammar resin (mm) on the flame distribution rate (mm2/s) in the equation

Y

v
D

=
−
0
,
051
.

X
D
2

+
0
,
306
.

t
h
e

X
D

+
2
,
368

.
Performance of Candlenut Shell (Alleuretus moluccana) Based Supercapacitor Electrode with Acid Electrolytes and Their Salts
Authors: Zakir M. , Kasim H. , Raya I. , Lamba Y. , Nuratisah  , Belen Jorge A.
Published: October 2019

Candlenut shell was used as the precursor for activated carbon-based electrodes which prepared through two stages, namely carbonization and activation. The surface of the activated carbon was modified with HNO3. Characterization of carbons and activated carbon was performed by SEM, BET, FT-IR test and capacitance analysis using Cyclic Voltammetry. The result of SEM analysis shows that carbon pore formation has occurred after activation with H3PO4. The surface area of carbon and activated carbon determined by the BET method is 125,828 m2/g and 142,435 m2/g, respectively. The results of FTIR and Boehm titration analysis showed an increase in oxygen-containing functional groups after modification with HNO3. Based on the results of the analysis using Cyclic Voltammetry obtained the highest specific capacitance of unmodified activated carbon is 145.49 mF/g in H2SO4 0.5M electrolyte. In addition, the highest specific capacitance of activated carbon modified with HNO3 is 155.92 mF/g obtained in HCl 0.1 M electrolyte. In the same condition, the contribution of salt electrolyte (Na2SO4 0.5 M and 0.1 M) in the specific capacitance of candlenut shell based supercapacitor electrodes is a little bit lower compared to the acid electrolytes.
Interacting Propeller Thrust for Navigating Omni-Directional Remotely Operated Vehicle
Authors: Rahimuddin  , Rivai Haryanti , Hasan Hasnawiyah
Published: October 2019

The role of underwater vehicles in surveying, observation, search and rescue activities are increasing along with the development of the underwater positioning technology, such as sonar technology, underwater modem, etc. These technology help to develop the navigation algorithms, such intelligent system are developed in operating the vehicle autonomously or controlled. The Remotely Operated Vehicle (ROV) is equipped four fixed horizontal propellers installed at 45-degree angle to axis and one vertical propeller. The propellers are controlled simultaneously to drive the vehicle in multi-direction. Mapping movement strategy of interacting propeller were studied to control the vehicle’s movement and increase the of ROV performance.
Performance of a 90°-Bent Bladed Vertical Axis Wind Turbine Model with Various Numbers of Blades
Authors: Sule Luther , Mochtar Andi Amijoyo , Jalaluddin
Published: October 2019

This study aims to design a vertical axis wind turbine that can effectively harness the power of wind. This was performed by designing and testing a vertical axis wind turbine with 2, 3 and 4 blades bent at 90° angles in wind speeds between 1.6 m/s and 4.2 m/s for every type of wind turbine. The results show that 2-blade vertical axis wind turbines coefficient of power (CP) = 0.28 is most capable of converting wind power into electricity with wind speeds of 3.4 m/s and 3-blade wind turbines CP = 0.40 in wind speeds of 2.2 m/s, and 4 blade wind turbines CP = 0.25 performed best in wind speeds of 2.4 m/s. The CP of all three wind turbines decreased as wind speeds increased to 4.2 m/s. The examination and calculation analysis results indicate that 3-blade wind turbines work more effectively than 2-blade and 4-blade wind turbines due to the asymmetric positioning creating a relatively small drag, and the distance between each blade and the shaft of the wind turbine creates a rift allowing for wind to flow which results in the blades hitting other. This increases the blades momentum leading to less turbulence for 3-blade wind turbines.
Construction and analysis of a district heating / cooling network system based on thermal bus
Authors: Xu T , Yan J , Wang H , Wang X L , Zhu T , Wang H Y
Published: October 2019

A district energy system based on “thermal bus” was proposed, in which the heating and cooling water transmission processes shared one set of the distribution pipe network. Combined with the gas energy stations, ground source heat pumps, small-scale photovoltaic power stations and rooftop solar collectors and other facilities, it provided the users in the region with heating in winter, cooling in summer and power supply all year round. From the perspective of the bidirectional (supply/return) flow of heat energy along the thermal bus, the mathematical model of the main equipment applied for the source, pipe network, load and storage was established. The optimization model with the lowest system operation cost was proposed considering the fuel cost, the external electricity purchase fee and the satisfaction degree of all users' energy demand. The operation cost and energy consumption of the regional energy system scheme and the traditional distributed energy system scheme are studied by a practical case study. The results showed that the new scheme reduces the operating cost by 21.5% and 16.8% respectively under the typical weekly scenarios of cooling in summer and heating in winter. When no storage equipment was used, the new scheme reduced the amount of purchased electricity in summer and winter by 4.1% and 5.2% respectively.
Thermal and mechanical characteristics of contact friction pair based on 3-D wheel/rail-foundation contact vertical system
Authors: Wei Y P , Wu Y P
Published: October 2019

The main goal of this article is to analyze the influence of wheel/rail friction heat on the wheel/rail contact friction pair. The nonlinear constitutive relation and heat conduction equation are established firstly. In addition, a direct coupling model of 3-D wheel/rail-foundation contact vertical system is established. The mechanical, thermal and geometrical characteristics of wheel/rail friction pair are researched. The results show that the temperature rise on the wheel/rail contact surface is significant, and the influence of friction heat on the contact patch, contact pressure and stress is obvious. However, the influence focuses on the surface and subsurface of the wheel/rail contact. Once the depth reaches certain distance below the contact surface, the influence can be ignored. The temperature does not change when the distance to the rail surface surpasses 3.28 mm; also the influence of temperature rise on the stress becomes very weak when the distance exceeds 8.05 mm.
The estimation method of time of on-orbit spacecraft cabin decompression based on effective circulation area
Authors: Zhang Y , Sun P , Liang Z W , Dong W P
Published: October 2019

This paper presented a method to estimate the pressure relief time of spacecraft cabin by testing a single component in the airway. Comparison between the theoretical prediction and experimental measurement indicates that there exits two methods which can effectively predict the pressure relief time of spacecrafts: measuring the effective flow area each single component or direct measurement of the effective flow area of the pressure relief system composed of single component. It also should be noted that the latter one can bring about a smaller error. Therefore, when conditions were met, the measurement and calculation of the system composed of components could more accurately predict the time required for the spacecraft pressure to drop to the target point.
Investigations on the thermal behavior and associated thermal stresses for short pulse laser heating
Authors: Xue D W , Wang J B , Xu G Y
Published: October 2019

The fractional type Cattaneo heat conduction equation and the associated thermal stress equation are established for studying the thermal and related stress behavior of the short pulse laser heating. With the Laplace transform method, the analytical solution of the temperature distribution and thermal stress field are derived. Compared to the classical Fourier heat transfer model and the standard C-V one, the results of the present model show the thermal diffusion feature as well as the thermal wave behaviour, which is more realistic. Furthermore, the influences of the fractional order parameter on the thermal and related stress behavior are discussed. The thermal velocity, thermal variation rate and the peak value of the temperature and the thermal stress depend on the fractional order parameter. The fractional type Cattaneo heat model and associated thermal stress exhibit the non-local nature.
Astigmatic Gaussian beams: exact solutions of the Helmholtz equation in free space
Authors: Kiselev Aleksei P , Plachenov Alexandr B
Published: October 2019

Exact solutions of the 3D Helmholtz equation in free space are presented in the form of a superposition of plane waves. The solutions asymptotically reduce to general astigmatic Gaussian beams and include no backward waves.
Manipulation of a weak signal pulse by optical soliton via double electromagnetically induced transparency
Authors: Chen Zhiming , Xie Hongqiang , Zhou Qi , Tan Chaohua
Published: October 2019

We propose a scheme to realize the manipulation of a weak signal pulse by ultraslow optical soliton in a coherent inverted-Y-type atomic system via double electromagnetically induced transparency (EIT). Based on Maxwell-Bloch equations, we derive nonlinear equations governing the spatial-temporal evolution of the probe and signal pulse envelopes. We show the giant enhancement of optical Kerr nonlinearity can be obtained under the condition of the double EIT, which results in the generation of a (2+1)-dimension optical soliton and can realize the manipulation of a weak signal pulse. Applying a far-detuned laser field to the system, we find that a weak signal pulse can be trapped by a (3+1)-dimension light bullet. In particular, the trajectories of the light bullet and trapped signal pulse can be manipulated and controlled by introducing a Stern–Gerlach gradient magnetic field. The results predicted here may not only open a route for the study of weak-light nonlinear optics but also have potential applications in the precision measurements and optical information processing and transmission.
Ways of thinking about ways of being
Authors: Rettler Bradley
Published: October 2019

Monism about being says that there is one way to be. Pluralism about being says that there are many ways to be. Recently, Trenton Merricks and David Builes have offered arguments against Pluralism. In this paper, I show how Pluralists who appeal to the relative naturalness of quantifiers can respond to these arguments.
The illness-death model for family studies
Authors: Lee Jooyoung , Cook Richard J
Published: October 2019

Family studies involve the selection of affected individuals from a disease registry who provide right-truncated ages of disease onset. Coarsened disease histories are then obtained from consenting family members, either through examining medical records, retrospective reporting, or clinical examination. Methods for dealing with such biased sampling schemes are available for continuous, binary, and failure time responses, but methods for more complex life history processes are less developed. We consider a simple joint model for clustered illness-death processes which we formulate to study covariate effects on the marginal intensity for disease onset and to study the within-family dependence in disease onset times. We construct likelihoods and composite likelihoods for family data obtained from biased sampling schemes. In settings where the disease is rare and data are insufficient to fit the model of interest, we show how auxiliary data can augment the composite likelihood to facilitate estimation. We apply the proposed methods to analyze data from a family study of psoriatic arthritis carried out at the University of Toronto Psoriatic Arthritis Registry.