bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Post‐Procedure Protocols Following Platelet‐Rich Plasma Injections for Tendinopathy: A Systematic Review
Authors: Townsend Christine , Von Rickenbach Kristian J. , Bailowitz Zachary , Gellhorn Alfred C.
Published: February 2020

Objective

Platelet‐rich plasma (PRP) has been increasingly studied as a treatment for tendinopathy. Many factors may influence outcomes after PRP, including different protocols following administration. It was hypothesized that there would be heterogeneity in post‐PRP protocols.

Literature Survey

A systematized review of the literature on post‐PRP protocols for tendinopathy was conducted using an electronic search of MEDLINE and Embase databases through September 2018.

Methodology

After duplicates were removed, English language articles involving adult patients who received PRP for tendinopathy were reviewed. Exclusion criteria included studies with fewer than 10 patients, PRP used to treat pathology other than tendinopathy, multiple protocols in one study, and surgical settings. Protocol specifics were extracted including nonsteroidal anti‐inflammatory drugs (NSAID) restrictions before and after injection, postinjection restrictions on movement and weight bearing, use of orthoses, activity modifications, and postinjection rehabilitation protocols. Given limitations in the data, a meta‐analysis was not performed.

Synthesis

Eighty‐four studies met inclusion criteria. Following PRP injection, weight‐bearing restrictions were mentioned rarely (12% of protocols). Orthosis use was uncommon overall (18%) but more common in Achilles tendinopathy protocols (53%). The majority of protocols instituted a period of stretching (51%) and strengthening (54%). Stretching programs generally began 2‐7 days following injection, and strengthening programs began within 2‐3 weeks. Preinjection NSAID restriction was reported rarely (20%), whereas postinjection NSAID restriction was more common (56%), with a typical restriction of greater than 2 weeks (38%). Return to play or full activity was reported in 42% of protocols, most commonly at 4‐6 weeks following injection.

Conclusion

Although the clinical effectiveness of PRP remains controversial, even less is known about the effect of post‐PRP protocols, which may affect the outcomes attributed to PRP itself. No studies directly compare post‐PRP protocols, and the protocols studied demonstrate substantial heterogeneity. Some consensus regarding post‐PRP protocols exists, although the rationale for these recommendations is limited.
Visualization of Carrier Transport in Luminescent Polymer Thin Film by Using Transient Photoluminescence Decay Imaging
Authors: Manaka Takaaki , Taguchi Dai , Chiang Tai-Chin
Published: February 2020

Transient photoluminescence (PL) decay imaging is conducted for visualizing carrier transport in luminescent polymer semiconductor thin films. The method is simple, but enables a real‐time observation of carrier motion on the scale of several millimeters in luminescent thin films. Decrease in the PL intensity of the channel region in organic field‐effect transistor (OFET) is observed in accordance with the device operation. Upon application of pulse voltages to the source electrode for carrier injection, the transient PL decay motion is visualized using a conventional charge‐coupled device (CCD) camera. By analyzing the PL decay motion, hole and electron mobilities of poly(9,9‐di‐n‐octylfluorene‐alt‐benzothiadiazole) (F8BT) thin film are evaluated as 1.3 × 10−4 cm2 (V s)−1 and 3.2 × 10−5 cm2 (V s)−1, respectively. Mobility anisotropy is also visualized by using round‐shaped electrode as the source electrode, and the difference of mobility anisotropy for hole and electron of F8BT is clearly identified.
Spatiotemporal signal detection using continuous shrinkage priors
Authors: Jhuang An‐Ting , Fuentes Montserrat , Bandyopadhyay Dipankar , Reich Brian J.
Published: February 2020

Periodontal disease (PD) is a chronic inflammatory disease that affects the gum tissue and bone supporting the teeth. Although tooth‐site level PD progression is believed to be spatio‐temporally referenced, the whole‐mouth average periodontal pocket depth (PPD) has been commonly used as an indicator of the current/active status of PD. This leads to imminent loss of information, and imprecise parameter estimates. Despite availability of statistical methods that accommodates spatiotemporal information for responses collected at the tooth‐site level, the enormity of longitudinal databases derived from oral health practice‐based settings render them unscalable for application. To mitigate this, we introduce a Bayesian spatiotemporal model to detect problematic/diseased tooth‐sites dynamically inside the mouth for any subject obtained from large databases. This is achieved via a spatial continuous sparsity‐inducing shrinkage prior on spatially varying linear‐trend regression coefficients. A low‐rank representation captures the nonstationary covariance structure of the PPD outcomes, and facilitates the relevant Markov chain Monte Carlo computing steps applicable to thousands of study subjects. Application of our method to both simulated data and to a rich database of electronic dental records from the HealthPartners Institute reveal improved prediction performances, compared with alternative models with usual Gaussian priors for regression parameters and conditionally autoregressive specification of the covariance structure.
Synthesis of Double‐Layered NiCo2O4‐Nanosheet‐Loaded PAN/Lignin‐Based Hollow Carbon Nanofibers for High‐Performance Supercapacitor
Authors: Yang Xiaoxiao , Mao Linchang , Peng Wei , Jin Junhong , Yang Shenglin , Li Guang
Published: February 2020

Polyacrylonitrile (PAN) /lignin based hollow carbon nanofibers (HCNF) were fabricated by coaxial electrospinning method followed by carbonization procedure. The results show that the NiCo2O4 oxides were successfully deposited on the surface of HCNF by a facile hydrothermal method without any toxic reagents and NiCo2O4 nanosheets are uniformly deposited on the inner and outer layers of HCNF. The electrochemical results show that NiCo2O4@HCNF composite had excellent electrochemical properties. The electrochemical measurements indicate that the NiCo2O4@HCNF possessed considerable capacitance 1998.18 mF/cm2 at 2 mA/cm2 (1665 F/g with the mass loading of 1.2 mg/cm2) and an excellent cycling stability, specific capacitance can retain 87% after 5000 cycle numbers under the current density of 10 mA/cm2. In addition, an asymmetric supercapacitor (NiCo2O4@HCNF//active carbon (AC)) was assembled by NiCo2O4@HCNF (positive electrode) and AC (negative electrode). The device exhibits high capacitance 111 F/g at 1 A/g, excellent energy density (40.3 Wh/kg at 810W/kg), and excellent cycling stability (92% capacitance can retain after 5000 charge‐discharge at 5 A/g). The experimental results show that the hollow structure of the hollow carbon nanofiber benefits the double layered growth of NiCo2O4, which can improve the capacitance performance. Therefore, the composite exhibits excellent electrochemical properties.
Prediction of service half‐life time of high density polyethylene/organo‐modified calcium carbonate composite exposed naturally at Dong Hoi ‐ Quang Binh
Authors: Minh Le Duc , Chinh Nguyen Thuy , Giang Le Duc , Le Tong Cam , Quyen Dau Thi Kim , Hoang Thai
Published: February 2020

Natural exposure and accelerated weather testing were carried out on high density polyethylene/organo‐modified calcium carbonate (HDPE/m‐CaCO3) composite. The natural exposure was conducted at Dong Hoi City, Quang Binh province (Viet Nam) for 36 months. The accelerated weather testing was carried out in a UV condensation weather device for 720 hours. The molecular weight of HDPE in HDPE/m‐CaCO3 composites was decreased significantly with rising natural exposure time. The drop in mechanical properties of composite was also reduced. The change in tensile strength of HDPE/m‐CaCO3 composite and average molecular weight of HDPE in the composite after testing was chosen to predict the service half‐life time of the composite. It was found that the tensile strength of composite tested in accelerated weather testing condition for 240.5 hours was as the same as the case tested for 337.5 days in natural exposure condition. The service half‐life time of the composite determined owing to the molecular weight and remained percentage of tensile strength was 11.2 months and 25.6 months, respectively.
Triterpenoid derivatives from Barringtonia racemosa
Authors: Van Quach Thi Thanh , Vien Le Thi , Hanh Tran Thi Hong , Huong Phan Thi Thanh , Van Thanh Nguyen , Cuong Nguyen Xuan , Nam Nguyen Hoai , Van Minh Chau
Published: February 2020

Using various chromatographic separations, two triterpenoid glucosides and three triterpenoid acids were isolated from a methanol extract of the Barringtonia racemosa branches and leaves. Their structures were elucidated as niga‐ichigoside F1 (1), rosamultin (2), 23‐hydroxytormentic acid (3), arjunic acid (4), and maslinic acid (5) by using extensive NMR spectroscopic analysis as well as comparison of the NMR data with those reported. This is the first report of compounds 1‐4 from B. racemosa.
Triterpenoid saponins from Mussaenda glabra Vahl
Authors: Bach Nguyen Xuan , Trang Do Thi , Nhiem Nguyen Xuan , Thu Vu Kim , Van Kiem Phan
Published: February 2020

Five triterpenoid saponins, mussaendoside O (1), mussaendoside G (2), mussaendoside U (3), mussaendoside P (4), and mussaendoside Q (5) were isolated from the methanol extract of the aerial parts of Mussaenda glabra. Their chemical structures were determined using NMR spectra, ESI‐MS, as well as in comparison with the reported data. These compounds have been reported from the Mussaenda glabra for the first time.
Pre‐treatment of waste cooking oil with high free fatty acids content for biodiesel production: An optimization study via response surface methodology
Authors: Thoai Dang Nguyen , Le Hang Pham Thi , Lan Dang Thi
Published: February 2020

Biodiesel is an alternative diesel fuel producing from vegetable oils or animal fats. At the present, most biodiesel is made from cooking oils with a very low amount of free fatty acid (FFA). Therefore, the cost of biodiesel is higher than petroleum diesel. However, the production cost of biodiesel can be reduced by using low‐cost feedstock oils such as waste cooking oil (WCO). There are some studies about acid‐catalyzed esterification process as a pretreatment of WCO with high FFA for biodiesel production. However, there have not many appropriate methods to optimize for this process. In this study, based on response surface methodology (RSM), a mathematical model was established which indicated the impact of independent experimental conditions as well as the relationship between these variables (MeOH/FFA molar ratio, H2SO4/FFA catalyst content, temperature and reaction time) to FFA conversion. This model was significant by comparison with both experimental value and predicted number of the FFA conversion, and showed strong agreement for experimental parameters. The FFA conversion of 90 % (FFA content of 0.40 wt%) was obtained in optimal conditions: MeOH/FFA molar ratio of 40.11, H2SO4/FFA catalyst content of 10.64 wt%, reaction temperature of 60 oC and reaction time of 5 h.
Synthesis of bimetallic Cu‐Ag nanoparticles prepared by DC high voltage electrochemical method
Authors: Hung Nguyen Duc , Van Cong Tran , Trang Hoang Nhu
Published: February 2020

Copper‐silver bimetallic nanoparticles (NPs) can be prepared by electrochemical high voltage DC using silver and copper anodes in double distilled water. Bimetallic nano formation of Cu‐Ag‐NPs were performed by dissolving the Ag anode in anodic dissolved Cu solution or in the Cu NPs solution. The dependence of the DC current and the amount of electricity on the time show the reaction with a 200 mm electrode gap with formation of electronic plasma. The product obtained at 5 kV had the same characteristics as AgNPs with UV‐Vis spectrum: 420 nm, particle size distribution was mainly in small areas of 100 nm, zeta potential had value up to ‐80.6 mV as well as the good ability to kill bacteria.
New examples of rational Gushel-Mukai fourfolds
Authors: Hoff Michael , Staglianò Giovanni
Published: February 2020

We construct new examples of rational Gushel-Mukai fourfolds, giving more evidence for the analog of the Kuznetsov Conjecture for cubic fourfolds: a Gushel–Mukai fourfold is rational if and only if it admits anassociated K3 surface.
Effect of vitamin D deficiency on depressive symptoms in child and adolescent psychiatric patients: results of a randomized controlled trial
Authors: Libuda Lars , Timmesfeld Nina , Antel Jochen , Hirtz Raphael , Bauer Jens , Führer Dagmar , Zwanziger Denise , Öztürk Dana , Langenbach Gina , Hahn Denise , Ring Stefanie , Peters Triinu , Hinney Anke , Bühlmeier Judith , Hebebrand Johannes , Grasemann Corinna , Föcker Manuel
Published: February 2020

Purpose

While observational studies revealed inverse associations between serum vitamin D levels [25(OH)D] and depression, randomized controlled trials (RCT) in children and adolescents are lacking. This RCT examined the effect of an untreated vitamin D deficiency compared to an immediate vitamin D3 supplementation on depression scores in children and adolescents during standard day and in-patient psychiatric treatment.

Methods

Patients with vitamin D deficiency [25(OH)D ≤ 30 nmol/l] and at least mild depression [Beck Depression Inventory II (BDI-II) > 13] (n = 113) were 1:1 randomized into verum (VG; 2640 IU vitamin D3/d) or placebo group (PG) in a double-blind manner. During the intervention period of 28 days, both groups additionally received treatment as usual. BDI-II scores were assessed as primary outcome, DISYPS-II (Diagnostic System for Mental Disorders in Childhood and Adolescence, Self- and Parent Rating) and serum total 25(OH)D were secondary outcomes.

Results

At admission, 49.3% of the screened patients (n = 280) had vitamin D deficiency. Although the intervention led to a higher increase of 25(OH)D levels in the VG than in the PG (treatment difference: + 14 ng/ml; 95% CI 4.86–23.77; p = 0.003), the change in BDI-II scores did not differ (+ 1.3; 95% CI − 2.22 to 4.81; p = 0.466). In contrast, DISYPS parental ratings revealed pronounced improvements of depressive symptoms in the VG (− 0.68; 95% CI − 1.23 to − 0.13; p = 0.016).

Conclusion

Whereas this study failed to show a vitamin D supplementation effect on self-rated depression in adolescent in- or daycare patients, parents reported less depressive symptoms in VG at the end of our study. Future trials should consider clinician-rated depressive symptoms as primary outcome.

Trial registration

“German Clinical Trials Register” (https://www.drks.de), registration number: DRKS00009758
Properties of a superelastic NiTi shape memory alloy using laser powder bed fusion and adaptive scanning strategies
Authors: Gustmann Tobias , Gutmann Florian , Wenz Franziska , Koch Peter , Stelzer Ralph , Drossel Welf-Guntram , Korn Hannes
Published: February 2020

A NiTi shape memory alloy with the nominal composition Ni50.9Ti49.1 (at%) was processed by laser beam melting/laser powder bed fusion and the process parameters as well as the type of scanning strategy (point-like exposure) were optimized in a first step to obtain delicate lattice structures (strut diameters below 200 µm). In the second step, the lattice structures were analyzed by means of optical and electron microscopy as well as computer tomography to obtain the interrelation between the process parameters, strut diameter and the uniformity of the corresponding struts. The processing, especially the laser power and the type of point-like exposure, has a strong influence on the resulting strut diameter and, therefore, on the haptic stiffness of lattice structures and the mechanical properties (deformability, superelasticity). Unlike other approaches, our findings imply that filigree NiTi lattices with high uniformity can be manufactured on a standard industry laser powder bed fusion machine without modifying its hard- or software configuration.
Security through block vault in a blockchain enabled federated cloud framework
Authors: Malomo Olumide , Rawat Danda , Garuba Moses
Published: February 2020

The survivability of any organization in the event of disaster or attack could greatly depend on its offsite data recovery. But which provider could offer secure and resilient cyber security protection to offsite data is a major problem for individuals, businesses and organizations. In recent times, cyber-attacks are strategic and tactical. Adversaries are advanced with capability to access sensitive business digital assets. Their nefarious actions have exposed devastating flaws in many access controls at different levels, and are now security risk to systems, data storages and resources. In this paper, we present a Blockchain enabled federated cloud computing framework, to secure storage for offsite digital assets. Our framework is designed with a great degree of efficiency, privacy, scalability and restricted access control. It addresses authentication flaws and improve early detection of data breaches, by continuously evaluating subject’s access control and interaction with resources, using operation cost for monitoring and accountability. Evaluation showed proof of concept that our design and approach outperforms the traditional approaches.
Institutional Systems for Equitable Wealth Creation: Replication and an Update of Judge et al. (2014)
Authors: Judge William Q. , Fainshmidt Stav , Brown J. Lee
Published: February 2020

This replication study was invited by the Editor in Chief of Management and Organization Review, Arie Y. Lewin. The original study by Judge, Fainshmidt, and Brown (2014) spanned the global financial crisis (2005–2010), and as such, this anomalous time period may not have been representative of most economies, or even the overall global economy. In this replication study we refine and extend Judge et al. (2014) which explored the provocative question – which form of capitalism works best in terms of ‘equitable wealth creation’? Similar to the earlier study, we find that there are multiple paths to macro-economic success. Notably, effective institutional configurations tend to combine high-quality regulatory institutions, effective skill development systems, and social cultures largely unaffected by corruption so there is some commonality amongst effective configurations. In contrast, ineffective institutional configurations tend to be relatively weak in one or several of these three critical sets of institutions. Importantly, we find some novel patterns emerging from the most recent data, including potentially new forms of capitalism associated with equitable wealth creation. In addition, we find that effective credit market institutions are more important, and collective bargaining institutions are less important than the original study suggested. We discuss implications for the comparative capitalism literature, policy makers, and the future of capitalism in the global economy.
Fireball streak detection with minimal CPU processing requirements for the Desert Fireball Network data processing pipeline
Authors: Towner Martin C. , Cupak Martin , Deshayes Jean , Howie Robert M. , Hartig Ben A. D. , Paxman Jonathan , Sansom Eleanor K. , Devillepoix Hadrien A. R. , Jansen-Sturgeon Trent , Bland Philip A.
Published: February 2020

The detection of fireballs streaks in astronomical imagery can be carried out by a variety of methods. The Desert Fireball Network uses a network of cameras to track and triangulate incoming fireballs to recover meteorites with orbits and to build a fireball orbital dataset. Fireball detection is done on-board camera, but due to the design constraints imposed by remote deployment, the cameras are limited in processing power and time. We describe the processing software used for fireball detection under these constrained circumstances. Two different approaches were compared: (1) A single-layer neural network with 10 hidden units that were trained using manually selected fireballs and (2) a more traditional computational approach based on cascading steps of increasing complexity, whereby computationally simple filters are used to discard uninteresting portions of the images, allowing for more computationally expensive analysis of the remainder. Both approaches allowed a full night’s worth of data (over a thousand 36-megapixel images) to be processed each day using a low-power single-board computer. We distinguish between large (likely meteorite-dropping) fireballs and smaller fainter ones (typical ‘shooting stars’). Traditional processing and neural network algorithms both performed well on large fireballs within an approximately 30 000-image dataset, with a true positive detection rate of 96% and 100%, respectively, but the neural network was significantly more successful at smaller fireballs, with rates of 67% and 82%, respectively. However, this improved success came at a cost of significantly more false positives for the neural network results, and additionally the neural network does not produce precise fireball coordinates within an image (as it classifies). Simple consideration of the network geometry indicates that overall detection rate for triangulated large fireballs is calculated to be better than 99.7% and 99.9%, by ensuring that there are multiple double-station opportunities to detect any one fireball. As such, both algorithms are considered sufficient for meteor-dropping fireball event detection, with some consideration of the acceptable number of false positives compared to sensitivity.
Sugar intake among German adolescents: trends from 1990 to 2016 based on biomarker excretion in 24-h urine samples
Authors: Perrar Ines , Gray Nicola , Kuhnle Gunter G. , Remer Thomas , Buyken Anette E. , Alexy Ute
Published: February 2020

Trend analyses based on dietary records suggest decreases in the intakes of total sugar (TS), added and free sugar since 2005 among children and adolescents in Germany. In terms of age trends, TS intake decreased with increasing age. However, self-reported sugar intake in epidemiological studies is criticised, as it may be prone to bias due to selective underreporting. Furthermore, adolescents are more susceptible to underreporting than children. We thus analysed time and age trends in urinary fructose excretion (FE), sucrose excretion (SE) and the sum of both (FE + SE) as biomarkers for sugar intake among 8·5–16·5-year-old adolescents. Urinary sugar excretion was measured by UPLC-MS/MS in 997 24-h urine samples collected from 239 boys and 253 girls participating in the Dortmund Nutritional and Anthropometric Longitudinally Designed (DONALD) study cohort between 1990 and 2016. Time and age trends of log-transformed FE, SE and FE + SE were analysed using polynomial mixed-effects regression models. Between 1990 and 2016, FE as well as FE + SE decreased (linear time trend: P = 0·0272 and P < 0·0001, respectively). A minor increase in excretion during adolescence was confined to FE (linear age trend: P = 0·0017). The present 24-h excretion measurements support a previously reported dietary record-based decline in sugar intake since 2005. However, the previously seen dietary record-based decrease in TS from childhood to late adolescence was not confirmed by our biomarker analysis, suggesting a constant sugar intake for the period of adolescence.
Maternal nutritional status mediates the linkage between household food insecurity and mid-infancy size in rural Bangladesh
Authors: Na Muzi , Shamim Abu Ahmed , Mehra Sucheta , Labrique Alain , Ali Hasmot , Wu Lee S.-F. , Shaikh Saijuddin , Klemm Rolf , Christian Parul , West Keith P.
Published: February 2020

Household food insecurity (HFI) is a major concern in South Asia. The pathways by which HFI may reduce child growth remain inadequately understood. In a cohort study of 12 693 maternal–infant dyads in rural Bangladesh, we examined association and likely explanatory pathways linking HFI, assessed using a validated nine-item perception-based index, to infant size at 6 months. Mothers were assessed early in pregnancy for anthropometric status, dietary diversity and socio-economic status. Infants were assessed for weight, length, and arm, chest and head circumferences and breast and complementary feeding status at birth and 6 months of age. Extent of HFI shared a negative, dose–response association with all measures of infant size at 6 months and odds of wasting and stunting; 57–89 % of variances in the unadjusted models were explained by prenatal factors (maternal nutritional status and dietary diversity), and birth size adjusted for gestational age. Postnatal infant breast and complementary feeding and morbidity exposures explained the remaining fraction of the significant association between HFI and differences in infant arm and chest circumferences and odds of underweight. Contextual (i.e. socio-economic) factors finally brought remaining non-significant fractions of the food insecurity-related mid-infancy growth deficit to practically zero. Improving food security prior to pregnancy and during gestation would likely improve infant growth the most in rural Bangladesh.
Sodium content of bread from bakeries in Maputo, Mozambique: trends between 2012 and 2018
Authors: Jessen Neusa , Padrão Patrícia , Pinho Olívia , Novela Célia , Moreira Pedro , Damasceno Albertino , Lunet Nuno
Published: February 2020

Objective:

To assess the Na content and price of bread available in bakeries in the city of Maputo in 2018 and describe trends since 2012.

Design:

Cross-sectional evaluation of bread sold in twenty bakeries in the city of Maputo. Three loaves of white and three loaves of brown bread were collected from each bakery when available, and Na contents were quantified by flame photometry. To assess trends, samples of white bread collected in 2012 and analysed using the same methodology were compared with samples of white bread collected in 2018 from the same bakeries.

Setting:

City of Maputo, capital of Mozambique.

Results:

In 2018, the mean (range) Na content in mg/100 g of white and brown breads were 419·1 (325·4–538·8) and 389·8 (248·0–609·0), respectively. Non-compliance with Na targets in bread according to the South African regulation (<380 mg/100 g) was observed in 70 % of white and 43 % of brown bread samples. A total of twelve bakeries had samples evaluated in both 2012 and 2018; among these, the mean Na content in white bread decreased by just over 10 % – the mean difference (95 % CI) was 46·6 mg/100 g (1·7, 91·5); and there was a significant increase of 3·7–5·4 meticais in the mean price per 100 g of white bread.

Conclusions:

The Na content of bread available in bakeries in the city of Maputo decreased in recent years despite the absence of a specific regulation in Mozambique.
Auto- and hetero-stereotypes in radiography students: perspectives and comparisons
Authors: Flinton D. M.
Published: February 2020

Introduction:

How groups view themselves and each other is very important in order to promote effective work practices. These views can be tribal in nature and lead to stereotyping which may affect how we communicate and act with other groups. This study primarily aims to identify how student radiographers view their own and other radiographic profession.

Method:

A survey was undertaken using the Student Stereotypes Rating Questionnaire with all radiographic training sites in England. The questionnaire was given to radiography students training as either diagnostic radiographers or therapeutic radiographers. It asked students to rate four professions: doctors, diagnostic radiographers, therapeutic radiographers and nurses on nine characteristics.

Results:

The online survey was open between February and July 2019 and elicited 233 responses. Overall, the radiography students’ perceptions of their own profession and the other non-radiography professions were generally positive; however, each radiographic profession’s view on the other radiographic professions was less favourable, the scores being significantly lower than for other professions. The professions each identified unique attributes (interpersonal skills, being a team player and independent working) that separated the professions from each other. Differences and similarities in stereotypes appeared not to change with time, although gender differences for certain attributes did exist.

Conclusion:

Students appear to have preconceived positive stereotype of their own profession and a more negative stereotype of the other radiography profession that appears relatively stable during their training period and was unaffected by interprofessional education.
Liquid biomarkers for the management of paediatric neuroblastoma: an approach to personalised and targeted cancer therapy
Authors: Osei Ernest , Al-Ani Nidaa , Al-Asady Aladdin , Dang Susan
Published: February 2020

Background:

Neuroblastoma is the most common extracranial solid tumour of infancy and accounts for about 6–10% of paediatric cancers. It has a biologically and clinically heterogeneous behaviour that ranges from spontaneous regression to cases of highly aggressive metastatic disease that could be unresponsive to standard therapy. In recent years, there have been several investigations into the development of various diagnostic, predictive and prognostic biomarkers towards personalised and targeted management of the disease.

Materials and Methods:

This paper reports on the review of current clinical and emerging biomarkers used in risk assessment, screening for early detection and diagnosis, prognostication and monitoring of the response of treatment of neuroblastoma in paediatric patients.

Conclusions:

Tumour markers can significantly improve diagnosis; however, the invasive, unpleasant and inconvenient nature of current tissue biopsies limits their applications, especially in paediatric patients. Therefore, the development of a non-invasive, reliable high accurate and personalised diagnostic tool capable of early detection and rapid response is the most promising step towards advanced cancer management from tumour diagnosis, therapy to patient monitoring and represents an important step towards the promise of precision, personalised and targeted medicine. Liquid biopsy assay with wide ranges of clinical applications is emerging to hold incredible potential for advancing cancer treatment and has greater promise for diagnostic purposes, identification and tracking of tumour-specific alterations during the course of the disease and to guide therapeutic decisions.
Wind‐Driven Evolution of the North Pacific Subpolar Gyre Over the Last Deglaciation
Authors: Gray William R. , Wills Robert C. J. , Rae James W. B. , Burke Andrea , Ivanovic Ruza F. , Roberts William H. G. , Ferreira David , Valdes Paul J.
Published: February 2020

North Pacific atmospheric and oceanic circulations are key missing pieces in our understanding of the reorganization of the global climate system since the Last Glacial Maximum. Here, using a basin‐wide compilation of planktic foraminiferal δ18O, we show that the North Pacific subpolar gyre extended ~3° further south during the Last Glacial Maximum, consistent with sea surface temperature and productivity proxy data. Climate models indicate that the expansion of the subpolar gyre was associated with a substantial gyre strengthening, and that these gyre circulation changes were driven by a southward shift of the midlatitude westerlies and increased wind stress from the polar easterlies. Using single‐forcing model runs, we show that these atmospheric circulation changes are a nonlinear response to ice sheet topography/albedo and CO2. Our reconstruction indicates that the gyre boundary (and thus westerly winds) began to migrate northward at ~16.5 ka, driving changes in ocean heat transport, biogeochemistry, and North American hydroclimate.
Magnetotail Reconnection at Jupiter: A Survey of Juno Magnetic Field Observations
Authors: Vogt Marissa F. , Connerney John E.P. , DiBraccio Gina A. , Wilson Rob J. , Thomsen Michelle F. , Ebert Robert W. , Clark George B. , Paranicas Christopher , Kurth William S. , Allegrini Frédéric , Valek Phil W. , Bolton Scott J.
Published: February 2020

At Jupiter, tail reconnection is thought to be driven by an internal mass loading and release process called the Vasyliunas cycle. Galileo data have shown hundreds of reconnection events occurring in Jupiter's magnetotail. Here we present a survey of reconnection events observed by Juno during its first 16 orbits of Jupiter (July 2016–October 2018). The events are identified using Juno magnetic field data, which facilitates comparison to the Vogt et al. (2010, https://doi.org/10.1029/2009JA015098) survey of reconnection events from Galileo magnetometer data, but we present data from Juno's other particle and fields instruments for context. We searched for field dipolarizations or reversals and found 232 reconnection events in the Juno data, most of which featured an increase in |Bθ|, the magnetic field meridional component, by a factor of 3 over background values. We found that most properties of the Juno reconnection events, like their spatial distribution and duration, are comparable to Galileo, including the presence of a ~3‐day quasi‐periodicity in the recurrence of Juno tail reconnection events and in Juno JEDI, JADE, and Waves data. However, unlike with Galileo we were unable to clearly define a statistical x‐line separating planetward and tailward Juno events. A preliminary analysis of plasma velocities during five magnetic field reconnection events showed that the events were accompanied by fast radial flows, confirming our interpretation of these magnetic signatures as reconnection events. We anticipate that a future survey covering other Juno datasets will provide additional insight into the nature of tail reconnection at Jupiter.
Correction: The use of bluetooth low energy Beacon systems to estimate indirect personal exposure to household air pollution
Authors:   HAPIN investigators, Liao Jiawen , McCracken John P. , Piedrahita Ricardo , Thompson Lisa , Mollinedo Erick , Canuz Eduardo , De Léon Oscar , Díaz-Artiga Anaité , Johnson Michael , Clark Maggie , Pillarisetti Ajay , Kearns Katherine , Naeher Luke , Steenland Kyle , Checkley William , Peel Jennifer , Clasen Thomas F.
Published: February 2020

An amendment to this paper has been published and can be accessed via a link at the top of the paper.
Pore Structure Changes Occur During CO2 Injection into Carbonate Reservoirs
Authors: Seyyedi Mojtaba , Mahmud Hisham Khaled Ben , Verrall Michael , Giwelli Ausama , Esteban Lionel , Ghasemiziarani Mohsen , Clennell Ben
Published: February 2020

Observations and modeling studies have shown that during CO2 injection into underground carbonate reservoirs, the dissolution of CO2 into formation water forms acidic brine, leading to fluid-rock interactions that can significantly impact the hydraulic properties of the host formation. However, the impacts of these interactions on the pore structure and macroscopic flow properties of host rock are poorly characterized both for the near-wellbore region and deeper into the reservoir. Little attention has been given to the influence of pressure drop from the near-wellbore region to reservoir body on disturbing the ionic equilibrium in the CO2-saturated brine and consequent mineral precipitation. In this paper, we present the results of a novel experimental procedure designed to address these issues in carbonate reservoirs. We injected CO2-saturated brine into a composite core made of two matching grainstone carbonate core plugs with a tight disk placed between them to create a pressure profile of around 250 psi resembling that prevailing in reservoirs during CO2 injection. We investigated the impacts of fluid-rock interactions at pore and continuum scale using medical X-ray CT, nuclear magnetic resonance, and scanning electron microscopy. We found that strong calcite dissolution occurs near to the injection point, which leads to an increase in primary intergranular porosity and permeability of the near injection region, and ultimately to wormhole  formation. The strong heterogeneous dissolution of calcite grains leads to the formation of intra-granular micro-pores. At later stages of the dissolution, the internal regions of ooids become accessible to the carbonated brine, leading to the formation of moldic porosity. At distances far from the injection point, we observed minimal or no change in pore structure, pore roughness, pore populations, and rock hydraulic properties. The pressure drop of 250 psi slightly disturbed the chemical equilibrium of the system, which led to minor precipitation of sub-micron sized calcite crystals but due to the large pore throats of the rock, these deposits had no measurable impact on rock permeability. The trial illustrates that the new procedure is valuable for investigating fluid-rock interactions by reproducing the geochemical consequences of relatively steep pore pressure gradients during CO2 injection.
Delivering Crocetin across the Blood-Brain Barrier by Using γ-Cyclodextrin to Treat Alzheimer’s Disease
Authors: Wong Ka Hong , Xie Yuning , Huang Xiao , Kadota Kazunori , Yao Xin-Sheng , Yu Yang , Chen Xiaoyu , Lu Aiping , Yang Zhijun
Published: February 2020

Crocetin (CRT) has shown various neuroprotective effects such as antioxidant activities and the inhibition of amyloid β fibril formation, and thus is a potential therapeutic candidate for Alzheimer’s disease (AD). However, poor water solubility and bioavailability are the major obstacles in formulation development and pharmaceutical applications of CRT. In this study, a novel water-soluble CRT-γ-cyclodextrin inclusion complex suitable for intravenous injection was developed. The inclusion complex was nontoxic to normal neuroblastoma cells (N2a cells and SH-SY5Y cells) and AD model cells (7PA2 cells). Furthermore, it showed stronger ability to downregulate the expression of C-terminus fragments and level of amyloid β in 7PA2 cell line as compared to the CRT free drug. Both inclusion complex and CRT were able to prevent SH-SY5Y cell death from H2O2-induced toxicity. The pharmacokinetics and biodistribution studies showed that CRT-γ-cyclodextrin inclusion complex significantly increased the bioavailability of CRT and facilitated CRT crossing the blood-brain barrier to enter the brain. This data shows a water-soluble γ-cyclodextrin inclusion complex helped to deliver CRT across the blood-brain barrier. This success should fuel further pharmaceutical research on CRT in the treatment for AD, and it should engender research on γ-cyclodextrin with other drugs that have so far not been explored.
Identification of a molecular marker associated with lignotuber in Eucalyptus ssp
Authors: Bortoloto Tânia M. , Fuchs-Ferraz Maria C. P. , Kettener Karine , Martins Rubio Lígia , González Esteban R. , de Souza Izabel C. G. , Oda Shinitiro , Rossini Bruno C. , Marino Celso L.
Published: February 2020

About 95% ofEucalyptusspecies present an organ known as a lignotuber, a basal woody swelling that holds a large number of dormant buds in a protected position along with carbohydrates and other nutrients. The importance of this trait inEucalyptusspecies relates to its regenerative capacity, particularly in the context of coppicing practices and survival in regions of high abiotic stress, especially fire. In this study, we identified and characterized a genomic region associated with the lignotuber trait in commercially importantEucalyptusspecies by developing a polymorphic marker that co-segregates with lignotuber presence. The marker was then converted into a SCAR (Sequence Characterized Amplified Region) marker, validated in four otherEucalyptusspecies and hybrids and analyzedin silico. Our investigation presents a marker (ELig) that is effective in identifying individuals with lignotuber.In silicoand Southern blot analyses show that the marker is present in a single copy region and is related to auxilin/cyclin-G associated kinase, containing a DnaJ domain. TheELigmarker is an important tool that can be used to manage crosses inEucalyptusbreeding programs and inform studies involving lignotuber development and genetics.
Asymmetric hydrogenation of an α-unsaturated carboxylic acid catalyzed by intact chiral transition metal carbonyl clusters – diastereomeric control of enantioselectivity
Authors: Abdel-Magied Ahmed F. , Theibich Yusuf , Singh Amrendra K. , Rahaman Ahibur , Doverbratt Isa , Raha Arun K. , Haukka Matti , Richmond Michael G. , Nordlander Ebbe
Published: February 2020

Asymmetric hydrogenation catalysis by [(μ-H)2Ru3(μ3-S)(CO)7(μ-P–P*)] (P–P* = chiral diphosphine) indicates intact chiral clusters as active catalysts.
Dual reactivity of B(C6F5)3 enables the silylative cascade conversion of N-aryl piperidines to sila-N-heterocycles: DFT calculations
Authors: Zhou Miaomiao , Park Sehoon , Dang Li
Published: February 2020

A theoretical study reveals that the dual reactivity of B(C6F5)3 enables the unique silylative cascade conversion of N-aryl piperidines to bridged sila-N-heterocycles.
Hidden magnetic fields of young suns
Authors: Kochukhov O. , Hackman T. , Lehtinen J. J. , Wehrhahn A.
Published: February 2020

Global magnetic fields of active solar-like stars are, nowadays, routinely detected with spectropolarimetric measurements and are mapped with Zeeman Doppler imaging (ZDI). However, due to the cancellation of opposite field polarities, polarimetry only captures a tiny fraction of the magnetic flux and cannot assess the overall stellar surface magnetic field if it is dominated by a small-scale component. The analysis of Zeeman broadening in high-resolution intensity spectra can reveal these hidden complex magnetic fields. Historically, there were very few attempts to obtain such measurements for G dwarf stars due to the difficulty of disentangling the Zeeman effect from other broadening mechanisms affecting spectral lines. Here, we developed a new magnetic field diagnostic method based on relative Zeeman intensification of optical atomic lines with different magnetic sensitivity. By using this technique, we obtained 78 field strength measurements for 15 Sun-like stars, including some of the best-studied young solar twins. We find that the average magnetic field strengthBfdrops from 1.3−2.0 kG in stars younger than about 120 Myr to 0.2−0.8 kG in older stars. The mean field strength shows a clear correlation with the Rossby number and with the coronal and chromospheric emission indicators. Our results suggest that magnetic regions have roughly the same local field strengthB ≈ 3.2 kG in all stars, with the filling factorfof these regions systematically increasing with stellar activity. In comparing our results with the spectropolarimetric analyses of global magnetic fields in the same stars, we find that ZDI recovers about 1% of the total magnetic field energy in the most active stars. This figure drops to just 0.01% for the least active targets.
PDE eigenvalue iterations with applications in two-dimensional photonic crystals
Authors: Altmann Robert , Froidevaux Marine
Published: February 2020

We consider PDE eigenvalue problems as they occur in two-dimensional photonic crystal modeling. If the permittivity of the material is frequency-dependent, then the eigenvalue problem becomes nonlinear. In the lossless case, linearization techniques allow an equivalent reformulation as an extended but linear and Hermitian eigenvalue problem, which satisfies a Gårding inequality. For this, known iterative schemes for the matrix case such as the inverse power or the Arnoldi method are extended to the infinite-dimensional case. We prove convergence of the inverse power method on operator level and consider its combination with adaptive mesh refinement, leading to substantial computational speed-ups. For more general photonic crystals, which are described by the Drude–Lorentz model, we propose the direct application of a Newton-type iteration. Assuming somea prioriknowledge on the eigenpair of interest, we prove local quadratic convergence of the method. Finally, numerical experiments confirm the theoretical findings of the paper.
Wirksamkeit der Montmorency-Sauerkirsche bei sportlicher Aktivität
Authors: Vlachojannis Julia , Weber Christian , Zimmermann Benno F. , Chrubasik-Hausmann Sigrun
Published: February 2020

Ziel der Untersuchung war es, die Evidenz der Wirksamkeit von Zubereitungen aus Prunus cerasus unter Berücksichtigung der Studienqualität und des untersuchten Wirkstoffs upzudaten. Nach einer Literaturrecherche wurden 19 randomisierte Doppelblindstudien in die Auswertung eingeschlossen. Die Daten-Extraktion und Beurteilung der Wirksamkeitsevidenz erfolgte wie zuvor beschrieben. Wahrscheinlich wurden alle 19 Studien mit Montmorency-Sauerkirschprodukten durchgeführt; der Anthocyangehalt der Produkte variierte. Vier Studien mit konfirmatorischem Studiendesign hatten unterschiedliche Zielkriterien. Drei exploratorische Studien guter Qualität unterstützten nicht die positiven Ergebnisse von drei der konfirmatorischen Studien. Etwa zwei Drittel der Studien geringer Qualität wiesen auf eine Überlegenheit der Montmorency-Produkte gegenüber Placebo hin. Die Evidenz der Wirksamkeit wird daher gegenwärtig als „mäßig” eingestuft.
Stratification of Breast Cancer Risk in Terms of the Influence of Age and Mammographic density
Authors: Weigel Stefanie , Heindel Walter , Dietz Caroline , Meyer-Johann Ulrike , Graewingholt Axel , Hense Hans Werner
Published: February 2020

Purpose Analysis of the influence of the singular risk factors age and breast density on the 2-year incidence of breast cancer among participants in the German mammography screening program.

Materials and Methods The multicenter study includes 111 456 subsequent round digital mammographic screening examinations from four screening units with prospective visual categorization of breast density. Based on detection in screening and during the 2-year interval after negative screening participation (interval cancers), 2-year breast cancer incidences (2 YBCI) (‰) were calculated in the 5-year age groups (5 YAG) of the target group 50–69 years and in the BI-RADS density categories ACR 1–4. Multivariate statistical evaluations were carried out using logistic regression models.

Results With an increase in the 5 YAG, the 2 YBCI increased by 5.0 ‰, 6.7 ‰, 8.5 ‰ to 9.7 ‰, and was significantly different among 55–59, 60–64 and 65–69-year-old women compared to the youngest reference group 50–54 years (odds ratio (OR): 1.34; 1.68; and 1.93; p-value < 0.0001). With an increase in density categories 1–4, the 2 YBCI increased from 2.6 ‰, to 5.8 ‰, 9.6 ‰, and 9.7 ‰. The 2 YBCI differed significantly in breast density categories 2, 3, 4 from reference group 1 (OR: 2.17; 3.65; and 3.76; p-value < 0.0001). Only within the two main breast density groups 2 (frequency 44.3 %) and 3 (44.7 %), a significant increase in the 2 YBCI was observed across the 5 YAG (category 2: 3.7–8.9 ‰; category 3: 5.8–11.7 ‰; p-value < 0.001 each). The 2 YBCI was above the median of 7.5 ‰ in women with breast density category 2 and aged 65–69 years, as well as in women with breast density categories 3 and 4 aged 55–69 years. A 2 YBCI below the median was seen in women between 50–54 years regardless of breast density, as well as women in category 1 in all age groups.

Conclusion Within the main breast density categories 2 and 3 (almost 90 % of participants), incidences increase with age to double. A consistently low incidence is found regardless of breast density at a young screening age and in women with the lowest breast density.

Key Points: 

Citation Format