bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The influence of learning presence and self-directed learning competency of nursing students on learning satisfaction in major subjects for online distance learning
Authors: Jeon Hae Ok , An Gyeong-Ju
Published: December 2021

Purpose: This study aimed to identify the influence of learning presence and self-directed learning ability on nursing students’ learning satisfaction according to the online learning method.Methods: The participants of this study were 167 nursing students attending three universities in different cities. The data were collected from July 16 to July 23, 2021, via an online self-reported questionnaire. Using SPSS WIN 27.0, data were analyzed by descriptive statistics, Pearson’s correlation coefficient and a multiple regression analysis.Results: The most effective online learning method experienced by nursing students was asynchronous online learning according to 58.2% of the respondents, while 30.3% of the respondents answered synchronous online learning. The main merit of asynchronous online learning was that it was possible to listen repeatedly (61.7%) to lectures, and the top advantage of synchronous online learning was that the location of the class was free (53.3%). In asynchronous online learning, the factors that significantly affected nursing students’ learning satisfaction were cognitive presence (β=.60, p<.001) and emotional presence (β=.25, p<.001). These variables accounted for 56% of their learning satisfaction (F=54.12, p<.001). Similarly, cognitive presence (β=.64, p<.001) and emotional presence (β=.21, p=.001) in synchronous online learning, were the factors cited for significantly affecting learning satisfaction. The explanatory power was 62% (F=69.19, p<.001).Conclusions: In conclusion, it was found that cognitive and social presence from the learning presence factors in both asynchronous and synchronous online learning influence and enhance nursing students’ learning satisfaction. Therefore, these results provide important data for future online class design in nursing education.
Nursing students’ confidence in clinical competency and job readiness during the COVID-19 pandemic era
Authors: Bang Kyung-Sook , Kang Jeong Hee , Nam Eun Sook , Hyun Mi Yeul , Suh Eunyoung , Chae Sun-Mi , Choi Heeseung , Shin Da-Ae
Published: December 2021

Purpose: This study explored nursing students’ experiences of attending clinical practicum courses in 2020 during the COVID-19 pandemic era, focusing on their confidence in clinical competency and job readiness.Methods: The data for this study were collected using online questionnaires that were uploaded to a free online survey website and distributed via a link to the survey to 334 nursing students attending four-year nursing colleges at four national universities. Data analysis was done with descriptive statistics, independent t-tests, and ANOVA.Results: The participants were mostly female (83.2%) college seniors (78.1%). About 60% of the participants practiced between 40% to 100% of their clinical practicum hours in alternative ways. Almost a third of the participants reported that they were not ready for a job (30.2%). However, participants’ confidence in clinical competency and job readiness was not related to the rate of alternative practice, but rather to both achievement of educational outcomes and satisfaction in the nursing practicum.Conclusion: Due to COVID-19, it is evident that effective and efficient materials and ways of delivering clinical courses are constantly to be sought and developed. In particular, recently graduated nurses who experienced abrupt and considerable alterations in their clinical practicum courses due to COVID-19 are in need of attention while they strive to make clinical adaptations.
Factors affecting the health promoting behaviors of office male workers during the COVID-19 pandemic: Using Pender’s health promotion model
Authors: Seo Jeong Hyo , Kim Hee Kyung
Published: December 2021

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to analyze the factors influencing the health promoting behavior(s) of office worker males in the COVID-19 pandemic by applying Pender’s health promotion model.Methods: The participants in this study were 149 male office workers at companies located in S, G and S cities. The collected data were analyzed using descriptive statistics, t-test, ANOVA, Pearson’s correlation coefficient and a stepwise multiple regression using the SPSS Window 25.0 program.Results: The subject’s health promoting behaviors and prior related behaviors (r=.58, p<.001), perceived benefits of action (r=.41, p<.001), self-efficacy (r=.53, p<.001), social support (r=.39, p<.001), self-esteem (r=.47, p<.001) and commitment to a plan of action (r=.67, p<.001) showed a high positive correlation. The factpors affecting the subjects’ health promoting behaviors were the commitment to a plan of action (β=.35, p<.001), self-esteem (β=.27, p=.005), prior related behavior (β=.26, p<.001), health status (good) (β=.20, p=.001) and self-efficacy (β=.14, p=.047). These variables explained 63.0% of the subjects’ health promoting behaviors.Conclusion: During the COVID-19 pandemic, subjects are more likely to be exposed to disease due to reduced outdoor activity time and irregular eating habits due to the strengthening of social distancing. Health promoting behaviors are an important concept that can maintain health and prevent diseases. To improve the health promoting behaviors of men engaged in office work, it is necessary to develop and operate a health promotion behaviors program considering those variables.
Educational needs of severe trauma treatment simulation based on mixed reality: Applying focus group interviews to military hospital nurses
Authors: Jang Seon Mi , Hwang Sinwoo , Jung Yoomi , Jung Eunyoung
Published: December 2021

Purpose: The purpose of this study is to identify the educational needs of a severe trauma treatment simulation program based on mixed reality which combines element of both virtual reality and augmented reality.Methods: Focus group interviews were conducted with ten military hospital nurses on February 4 and 5, 2021. The collected data were analyzed using a qualitative content analysis. As a framework for data analysis, the educational needs were clustered into the following four categories: teaching contents, teaching methods, teaching evaluation, and teaching environment.Results: The educational needs for each category that emerged were as follows: three subcategories including “realistic education reflecting actual clinical practice” and “motivating education” for teaching contents; five subcategories including “team-based education,” “repeated education that acts as embodied learning,” and “stepwise education” for teaching methods; six subcategories including “debriefing through video conferences,” “team evaluation and evaluator in charge of the team,” “combination of knowledge and practice evaluation” for teaching evaluation; six subcategories including “securing safety,” “similar settings to real clinical environments,” “securing of convenience and accessibility for learners,” and “operating as continuing education” for teaching environment.Conclusion: The findings of this study can provide a guide for the development and operation of a severe trauma treatment simulation program based on mixed reality. Moreover, it suggests that research to identify the educational needs of various learners should be conducted.
The moderating effect of resilience in the relationship between traumatic event experience and turnover intention of nurses in intensive care units
Authors: Jeong Da Woon , Kim Soukyoung
Published: December 2021

Purpose: The present study utilizes a descriptive research design to investigate the moderating effect of resilience on the relationship between the experience of traumatic events and turnover intention among intensive care unit (ICU) nurses.Methods: The participants were 161 hospital nurses who voluntarily agreed to participate in this study. Traumatic event experience, turnover intention, and resilience were assessed. The data were analyzed with hierarchical multiple regression using the SPSS 26.0 software program.Results: The experience of traumatic events had a statistically significant positive correlation with turnover intention (r=.17, p=.037), whereas it had a statistically significant negative correlation with turnover intention and resilience (r=-.37, p<.001). Resilience had a moderating effect on the relationship between the experience of traumatic events and turnover intention (β=-.20, p=.007).Conclusion: The results of this study found that the experience of traumatic events among ICU nurses was a significant factor in turnover intention and that resilience moderated the strength of the relationship between such experiences and turnover intention. Therefore, to prevent ICU nurses’ experience of a traumatic event from leading to their leaving nursing, it is necessary to formulate preventive measures and interventions for traumatic events, while enhancing resilience among ICU nurses.
Twenty-fourth annual report on federal agency use of voluntary consensus standards and conformity assessment activities
Authors: Rioux Nathalie
Published: December 2021

The FY 2020 summary, prepared by the National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST), compiles the reports provided by 22 participating agencies listed in Appendix A. In these reports, agencies document any new use of GUS in lieu of VCS during FY 2020 and provide a rationale for each new use. Agencies also list any rescinded GUS in lieu of VCS during the past year. Agencies briefly describe their activities undertaken to carry out provisions described in Circular A-119. Individual agency reports may be found at https://www.nist.gov/standardsgov/nttaa-reports.
Nærvær på afstand
Authors: Bengtsen Søren Smedegaard , Møller Karen Louise , Thunø Mette
Published: December 2021

Artiklen beskriver en kvalitativ undersøgelse af brugen af asynkron, tekstindlejret, mundtlig vejledning og feedback på en bachelor- og kandidatuddannelse på et dansk universitet. Vi har undersøgt, hvordan det pædagogiske og mellemmenneskelige nærvær i den faglige vejledning og feedback kan bevares og styrkes selv under ændrede fysiske og digitale vilkår. Vi sætter særligt fokus på betydningen af ”stemme” som et element af digitalt understøttet vejledning og feedback, og vi undersøger dermed, hvordan kropslighed og personligt nærvær digitalt kan indlejres i asynkrone vejledningsforløb. Vi ønsker at supplere forskningen i multimodalitet i vejledning og kommunikation ved at undersøge, om færre modaliteter (i dette tilfælde tekst og lyd kombineret) samt det at udelade videodimensionen fra vejledningen kan give en skærpet oplevelse af vejleders og studerendes personlige og faglige stemmer, som kan danne grundlag for en anderledes konstruktiv form for lytning og opmærksomhed.
Results on the normality of square-free monomial ideals and cover ideals under some graph operations
Authors: Al-Ayyoub Ibrahim , Nasernejad Mehrdad , Khashyarmanesh Kazem , Roberts Leslie G. , Quiñonez Veronica Crispin
Published: December 2021

In this paper, we introduce techniques for producing normal square-free monomial ideals from old such ideals. These techniques are then used to investigate the normality of cover ideals under some graph operations. Square-free monomial ideals that come out as linear combinations of two normal ideals are shown to be not necessarily normal; under such a case we investigate the integral closedness of all powers of these ideals.
INVESTIGATION OF THE PROPERTIES OF DIRECT ENERGY DEPOSITION ADDITIVE MANUFACTURED 304 STAINLESS STEEL
Authors: Hoosain Shaik E. , Tshabalala Lerato C. , Skhosana Samuel , Freemantle Christopher , Mndebele N.
Published: December 2021

One of the main considerations in adopting the additive manufacturing (AM) technology is whether the material properties of the AM-produced part are comparable with the wrought material. This study compared the properties of AM-produced 304 stainless steel via the direct energy deposition (DED) AM process with wrought 304 stainless steel. The samples were studied in their as-built or as-received condition; and the characterisation analysis included micro-structural evaluation, hardness tests, Charpy impact testing, tensile testing, and X-ray diffraction. The results demonstrated that, in general, the strength characteristics of the AM sample exceeded those of the wrought material other than for toughness.
Materiality, Electricity and the Soul in Edgar Fawcett’s Scientific Romances
Authors: Stachura Paweł
Published: December 2021

The article discusses two novels by Edgar Fawcett, a prolific poet and novelist active in the 1890s, as examples of materialist representation of psychology. Fawcett’s literary materialism was not only a thematic reference to his contemporary science, but a certain convention of characterization, which emphasized mystery and drastic imagery as means of character development. Numerous other examples of this tendency in the 1890s are described as well. The theoretical background is derived from the recent materialist turn in literary criticism.
The Paradigm of the Void: Louise Glück’s Post-Confessional Deadlock
Authors: Bartczak Kacper
Published: December 2021

Awarded the Nobel Prize in literature, Louise Glück emerges as one of the major and most important American poets of the late 20th and early 21st century. What does this centrality tell us about the trajectory that the American poetry has traced since modernism? I attempt to offer a critical evaluation of Glück’s post-confessional stylistic, developed between the debut Firstborn (1968) and Averno (2006), by setting it in contexts that are historical and, later in the paper, psycho-theological. First, I treat her formula as a double response – to the modernist legacy of T. S. Eliot and to the challenges of postmodernity. Faithful to Eliot’s urge to transcend the biographical by connecting it with the transcendental, Glück resists the skeptical thesis of the demise of grand narratives, and writes in defiance of the postmodernist poetics of such poets as John Ashbery. Not undermining the biographical foundation of the lyric – the way Ashbery has done in his linguistic excess – she strives to make it paradigmatic. However, in this heroic search for a paradigm, Glück proposes a deeply ambiguous modification of Eliot that I characterize in psycho-theological terms. Following Agata Bielik-Robson’s research, I characterize Glück’s metaphysics as a form of Thanatic Lacanian Gnosticism. At this level we confront the costs of Glück’s post-confessionalism: a serious impairment of all those aspects of the self that make it an embodied and gendered human being.
MCPH1 inhibits Condensin II during interphase by regulating its SMC2-Kleisin interface
Authors: Houlard Martin , Cutts Erin E , Shamim Muhammad S , Godwin Jonathan , Weisz David , Presser Aiden Aviva , Lieberman Aiden Erez , Schermelleh Lothar , Vannini Alessandro , Nasmyth Kim
Published: December 2021

Dramatic change in chromosomal DNA morphology between interphase and mitosis is a defining features of the eukaryotic cell cycle. Two types of enzymes, namely cohesin and condensin confer the topology of chromosomal DNA by extruding DNA loops. While condensin normally configures chromosomes exclusively during mitosis, cohesin does so during interphase. The processivity of cohesin’s loop extrusion during interphase is limited by a regulatory factor called WAPL, which induces cohesin to dissociate from chromosomes via a mechanism that requires dissociation of its kleisin from the neck of SMC3. We show here that a related mechanism may be responsible for blocking condensin II from acting during interphase. Cells derived from patients affected by microcephaly caused by mutations in the MCPH1 gene undergo premature chromosome condensation. We show that deletion of Mcph1 in mouse embryonic stem cells unleashes an activity of condensin II that triggers formation of compact chromosomes in G1 and G2 phases, accompanied by enhanced mixing of A and B chromatin compartments, and this occurs even in the absence of CDK1 activity. Crucially, inhibition of condensin II by MCPH1 depends on the binding of a short linear motif within MCPH1 to condensin II’s NCAPG2 subunit. MCPH1’s ability to block condensin II’s association with chromatin is abrogated by the fusion of SMC2 with NCAPH2, hence may work by a mechanism similar to cohesin. Remarkably, in the absence of both WAPL and MCPH1, cohesin and condensin II transform chromosomal DNAs of G2 cells into chromosomes with a solenoidal axis.
Structure and function of axo-axonic inhibition
Authors: Schneider-Mizell Casey M , Bodor Agnes L , Collman Forrest , Brittain Derrick , Bleckert Adam , Dorkenwald Sven , Turner Nicholas L , Macrina Thomas , Lee Kisuk , Lu Ran , Wu Jingpeng , Zhuang Jun , Nandi Anirban , Hu Brian , Buchanan JoAnn , Takeno Marc M , Torres Russel , Mahalingam Gayathri , Bumbarger Daniel J , Li Yang , Chartrand Thomas , Kemnitz Nico , Silversmith William M , Ih Dodam , Zung Jonathan , Zlateski Aleksandar , Tartavull Ignacio , Popovych Sergiy , Wong William , Castro Manuel , Jordan Chris S , Froudarakis Emmanouil , Becker Lynne , Suckow Shelby , Reimer Jacob , Tolias Andreas S , Anastassiou Costas A , Seung H Sebastian , Reid R Clay , Costa Nuno Maçarico da
Published: December 2021

Inhibitory neurons in mammalian cortex exhibit diverse physiological, morphological, molecular, and connectivity signatures. While considerable work has measured the average connectivity of several interneuron classes, there remains a fundamental lack of understanding of the connectivity distribution of distinct inhibitory cell types with synaptic resolution, how it relates to properties of target cells, and how it affects function. Here, we used large-scale electron microscopy and functional imaging to address these questions for chandelier cells in layer 2/3 of the mouse visual cortex. With dense reconstructions from electron microscopy, we mapped the complete chandelier input onto 153 pyramidal neurons. We found that synapse number is highly variable across the population and is correlated with several structural features of the target neuron. This variability in the number of axo-axonic ChC synapses is higher than the variability seen in perisomatic inhibition. Biophysical simulations show that the observed pattern of axo-axonic inhibition is particularly effective in controlling excitatory output when excitation and inhibition are co-active. Finally, we measured chandelier cell activity in awake animals using a cell-type-specific calcium imaging approach and saw highly correlated activity across chandelier cells. In the same experiments, in vivo chandelier population activity correlated with pupil dilation, a proxy for arousal. Together, these results suggest that chandelier cells provide a circuit-wide signal whose strength is adjusted relative to the properties of target neurons.
The Study and Analysis of The Prevailing Elements and Patterns in The Background of The Works of Mirzababa, A Qajar Painter
Authors: Keshtgar Ghasemi Reihaneh , Asadi Morteza
Published: December 2021

The Qajar period is the beginning of many important and long-lasting developments in Iran's contemporary era. Among these developments, we should mention the changes in Iranian arts and the aspects that these arts had with them. Planning and backgrounding were among the aspects that entered Iranian painting with the entrance of Western art elements. Mirzababa was one of the most important painters of the first Qajar period, and the way he used these elements became an unwritten and frequently used pattern among artists. The purpose of the present article is to analyze the background of his works and to understand his backgrounding. The research is a theoretical and a descriptive-analytical research. The statistical population of the research consists of the works of Mirzababa and because the number of works that have reached us is limited, the sample size is all of his works.   The research data show that Mirzababa had been backgrounding according to the type of art or used medium. Backgrounds have a general pattern or contractual elements that have an interior, exterior, or a combination of both spaces rather than the used medium.
The Role of The Emotional Component in The Structure of Adolescents' Independence as a Condition of Their Personal Growth
Authors: Polishchuk Daria
Published: December 2021

The article presents material on the importance of independence as a condition for personal growth of adolescents. Latest research on the development of adolescents’ independence are analyzed. The development of the emotional component in the structure of adolescents' independence, which is characterized by such criteria as self-esteem and anxiety, is considered. The prevalence of low self-esteem in girls has been established, which can lead to dependence on other people's opinions, self-doubt, depression and apathy. The boys have a predominance of a very high level of self-esteem, which can have negative consequences in the form of refusal to work on their further personal development and problems in relationships with others. A sharp drop in confidence at the end of adolescence was found. It is associated with the irreversibility of awareness of the end of childhood and taking full responsibility for the acts of adolescents. It is also determined that modern adolescents have a low level of anxiety. That means, that they do not feel emotional discomfort, which is associated with the expectation of a threat. But it could also mean that there was the presence of protective mechanisms and reluctance to talk about this topic. The importance of independence development in adolescence is showed.
Functional macrophyte trait variation as a response to the source of inorganic carbon acquisition
Authors: Chmara Rafał , Pronin Eugeniusz , Szmeja Józef
Published: December 2021

Background

This study aims to compare variation in a range of aquatic macrophyte species leaf traits into three carbon acquisition groups: HCO3−, free CO2 and atmospheric CO2.

Methods

The leaf functional traits were measured for 30 species from 30 softwater lakes. Macrophyte species were classified into (1) free CO2, (2) atmospheric CO2 and (3) bicarbonate HCO3− groups. In each lake we collected water samples and measured eight environmental variables: depth, Secchi depth, photosynthetically active radiation (PAR), pH of water, conductivity, calcium concentration, total nitrogen and total phosphorus. In this study we applied the RLQ analysis to investigate the relationships between species functional traits (Q) and their relationship with environmental variables (R) constrained by species abundance (L).

Results

The results showed that: (1) Aquatic macrophytes exhibited high leaf trait variations as a response to different inorganic carbon acquisition; (2) Traits of leaves refer to the acquisition of carbon for photosynthesis and serve to maximise this process; (3) In the wide softwater habitat, macrophyte species exhibited an extreme range of leaf economic spectrum (leaf area, leaf dry weight and specific leaf area) and wide range of shape trait expressed as circularity; (4) Macrophyte leaf traits are the result of adaptation to carbon acquisition in ambient environment.
A Rare Case of Synchronous us Carcinoma Breast with Chronic Myeloid Leukemia
Authors: Kulkarni Varun S. , Bhattacharjee Anurag , Ramteke Harshal , Gupta Abhishek , Durge Shubham , Yeola Meenakshi
Published: December 2021

Chronic myeloid leukemia is an insidiously progressive condition and comparatively rare type of blood cell malignancy that begins in the bone marrow. Chronic myeloid leukemia typically affects adult population and is documented to be caused by chromosomal mutation that usually occurs spontaneously.

Chronic myeloid leukemia is more common in males than in females (male: female ratio of 1.4:1) and appears more commonly in the elderly with a median age at diagnosis of 65 years [1] Exposure to ionising radiation is one of the risk factors, based on a 50 fold higher incidence of CML in Hiroshima and Nagasaki nuclear bombing survivors [1] The rate of CML in these individuals seems to reach at its peak about 10 years after the exposure [1].

Carcinoma breast on the other hand is one of the most common causes of death in middle aged women in western countries. There are numerous factors contributing as its etiological factors such as age, gender, diet, endocrinal factors, previous radiation exposure, genetic factors and geographical factors.

We present a case report of a 44 old female who came to Acharya Vinoba Bhave Rural Hospital (Datta Meghe Institute of Medical Sciences and Research), with presenting complaint of lump in the left breast since 2 days and abdominal mass for 1 month. On investigations, patient was diagnosed with a rare case of chronic myeloid leukemia on the complete blood count and peripheral smear and the lump in the left breast also revealed invasive ductal carcinoma of the left breast.
Assess the Effectiveness of Self-instructional Module on Knowledge Regarding Cultural Beliefs of Dietary Habits among Postnatal Women
Authors: Ambule Kalyani , Thool Bali , Mahakarkar Manjusha , Moon Shalini , Teltumade Archana
Published: December 2021

Background: The study of cultural factors in nutrition emerged as a distinct focus of research only recently, with the formation of the National Research Council's Committee on Food Habits in 1941. The impact of culture on nutrition has primarily been studied in the realm of "food habits," which is the second of two distinct spheres comprehended by nutrition science. The first is concerned with determining nutritional requirements and dietary standards and includes biochemistry and physiology.

Objective of the study: This study aims to assess the effects of self-instructional module on knowledge regarding cultural beliefs of dietary habits among postnatal women. 1. To assess the existing knowledge regarding cultural beliefs of dietary habits among postnatal women 2. To assess the effectiveness of self-instructional module on knowledge regarding cultural beliefs of dietary habits among postnatal women 3. To associate knowledge regarding cultural beliefs of dietary habits among postnatal women with demographic variables.

Material and methods: Evaluatory research approach is used to assess the effectiveness of self-instructional module on through the difference between the pre-test and post-test knowledge score. In this study a total number of 60 postnatal women who fulfil the inclusion criteria were selected. A structured questionnaire developed for assessing the knowledge of postnatal women.

Result: According to the findings, 13.33% of postnatal women had an average level of knowledge, 55% had a good level of knowledge, and 31.67% had an excellent level of knowledge. Conclusion: According to findings of the study, there is an improvement in knowledge of postnatal women. Statistically, the self-instructional module on knowledge regarding cultural beliefs of dietary habits among postnatal women was proved to be effective.
To Assess the Effectiveness of Breathing Exercise on Labour Pain and Behavioral Response of Primi Gravida Mothers during First Stage of Labour, at Selected Maternity Hospitals
Authors: Moon Shalini , Mahakarkar Manjusha , Sakle Pradnya
Published: December 2021

Background of the Study: Labour is tough and headaches occur, however mother's our bodies are designed to supply birth. The shape of the pelvis, hormones, effective muscle mass and further all paintings collectively that may help mother to convey her child into the globe - before, within the course of and after childbirth.

Objectives: 1. To assess pain intensity level among the Primi gravida mothers during first stage of labour in experimental and control group.2. To assess the behavioral response of primi gravid mothers during 1st stage of labour in control and Experimental group. 3. To determine the effectiveness of breathing exercise on labour pain among primi gravida mothers during first stage of labour.4. To determine the effectiveness of breathing exercise on behavioral response among primi gravida mothers during first stage of labour. 5. To determine the association between selected demographic variables and pain of primi gravida mothers during first stage of labour.6. To determine the association between selected demographic variables and behavioral response of prim gravid mothers during first stage of labour.

Material and Methods: The design of this research study was based on a True Experimental research design with a pre-test and post-test control group. A total of 400 mothers were included in the study (200 in experimental group and 200 in control group). The samples were chosen using the probability simple random sampling technique. The data will be gathered using Baseline Proforma and an observational check list.

Expected Results: At selected Maternity hospitals, this study will assess the effects of respiratory exercise on Childbirth pain and behavioral responses of primi gravida moms during the early stage of childbirth. After intervention, the degree of discomfort in primi gravida women should be reduced, and their behavioral reaction should improve.

Conclusion:  Final conclusion is drawn from the ultimate results of the statistical review.
A Comparative Analysis of Intermittent and Continuous Phototherapy in Patients with Neonatal Jaundice
Authors: Mari Shereen , Memon Shazia , Chohan Muhammad Nadeem , Touseef Muhammad , Chand Saroop , Das Chetan
Published: December 2021

Aim: To compare the outcome of intermittent phototherapy versus continuous phototherapy in treatment of neonatal jaundice.

Study Design: Randomized clinical trial (RCT).

Place and Duration: This study was conducted at Department of pediatrics, neonatal ward, Liaquat university hospital Hyderabad/Jamshoro, from 8 January to 7 July 2020

Methodology: There were 222 neonate with jaundice, which were randomly allocated into two groups. One hundred and one neonates were in group “A” who received continuous phototherapy while 111 neonates were treated with intermittent phototherapy called group B. Phototherapy units were identical regarding their manufacture and radiance with 5 blue light tubes at a distance of 15-20 cm above neonate that produced the irradiance of 20µW/cm2/nm at 420-470 nm. Serum bilirubin levels were measured every 12 hourly after starting phototherapy up to 48 hours. SPSS version 22 was used for data analysis.

Results: The average age of the neonates was 2.23±1.45 days. In this study, the reduction of bilirubin level in both groups after 12, 24, 36, 48 hours of phototherapy and at the time of discharge was not different between groups.

Conclusion: Intermittent and continuous phototherapies were found to be equally effective. Because of its additional benefits, intermittent phototherapy can be adopted as a routine procedure instead of continuous phototherapy in neonatal care units, however, it needs to be confirmed by large scale RCTs.
Prevention and Nursing Management for Central Line Associated Blood Stream Infection
Authors: Sakharkar Sheetal , Sharma Ranjana , V. Mude Dinesh , Kasturkar Pooja , Wankhede Pratibha , Gomase Kavita , Sakharwade Prerna , Bokade Kanchan
Published: December 2021

Central line associated blood stream infection (CLABSI), is a substantial contributor to in-hospital morbidity and death, as well as increased cost and length of stay in the intensive care unit (ICU). CLABSIs are one of the most deadly for each infection is expected to have a mortality rate of 12-25 percent. CLABSI prevention is important, and nurses play a vital role. Nurses are required to complete initial training as well as annual competence tests for central venous catheter protocol and other skills to ensure that they are delivering direct care to patients using the most up-to-date evidence-based practices.

Conclusion: CLABSI prevention bundles are the best method for implementing many interventions at once in addition to standardizing practice. Standard prevention bundles in addition to routine CLABSI education for staff are the most effective methods for preventing infection; it is inevitable that compliance with bundles will vary across healthcare institutions.
Phytochemical, Proximate, in-vitro Anti-malarial, Anti-inflammatory and Antimicrobial Screening of Leaf Extracts of Combretum platypterum (Welw) Hutch & Dalziel
Authors: Anarado C. E. , Ajiwe V. I. E. , Obumselu O. F. , Anarado C. J. O. , Okafor N. P.
Published: December 2021

Background: Combretum platypterum is used ethno-medically in the treatment  many diseases in Africa, such as; helminthiasis, sexually transmitted diseases, conjunctivitis, malaria, lumps, fever, eye problems, diarrhea, lower backache, coughs, swellings, as febrifuge, tonic, and to stop post-partum bleeding.
Aim: This work was aimed at investigating the phytochemical, proximate, anti malarial, anti inflammatory, anti bacterial and anti fungal activities of leaf extracts of Combretum platypterum.
Methods: Leaves of C. platypterum were cold extracted with methanol, ethyl acetate and n-hexane. The extracts were subjected to preliminary phytochemical analyses, proximate, anti malarial, anti inflammatory and antimicrobial tests.
Results: The results revealed that, alkaloids, terpenoids, flavonoids, cardiac glycosides, carbohydrates, resins and reducing sugars were found in all the extracts. It was also observed that the presence of the metabolites in each extract was in polarity-dependent manner. The percentage composition of carbohydrates was also the highest followed by the composition of proteins. The suppressions of the extracts against P. falciparum at half-maximal inhibitory concentration (IC50 mg/ml) were found to be higher than that of chloroquine at IC50 µg/ml. It was also found that methanol extract had the highest inhibition against Gram positive, Gram negative bacteria and C. albicans in a dose-dependent manner. K. pneumonia was resistant to the inhibition of the extracts. The anti inflammatory assays showed that methanol extracts at 500 mg/ml exhibited higher lipoxygenase Inhibition than diclofenac at 500 µg/ml. Ethyl acetate extract showed highest inhibition of heat-induced hemolysis, protein denaturation and proteinase among all the extracts.
Conclusion: The therapeutic use of the leaves of C. platypterum against malaria and swelling was confirmed by the activities of the extracts against inflammation and P. falciparum. It is also necessary that the bioactive compounds responsible for these activities be isolated.
The Outpatient Prescribing of Topical Betamethasone in Al-Kharj
Authors: J. Ahmed Nehad , A. Menshawy Menshawy , Faiyaz Khan Mohd.
Published: December 2021

Aim: The present study aimed to describe the prescribing pattern of topical betamethasone in the outpatient setting in Alkharj.

Methodology: This retrospective study that included collecting data from the electronic prescriptions in a public hospital in Alkharj in 2018.

Results: During the study period from Jan to Dec 2018 only 46 patients received topical betamethasone. Most of the patients were female (63.04%). About 71.74% of the prescribed betamethasone was in ointment form and 28.26% in lotion form. Most of the prescribers were residents (97.83%). Most of the prescriptions were written by dermatology department (58.70%).

Conclusion: The use of topical betamethasone was uncommon and this could be due to the availability of other topical corticosteroids and other alternatives. It is important to increase the knowledge of health care workers and the patients regarding the use of topical corticosteroids.
Reliability of Sit to Stand Test in Fall Identification in Knee Osteoarthritis- A Literature Review
Authors: Jose Anju , Alagingi Nityal Kumar
Published: December 2021

Osteoarthritis is the second most prevalent degenerative illness as well as the most frequent joint condition in India. It is one of the most common degenerative disorder of the articular cartilage and surface of weightbearing joints causing disability in elderly patients. Gait, stair-climbing, unipedal stance, and the sitting-to-standing (STS) task have all been shown to be altered in research. Most of the research article had proved that sit to stand test, we can use to physiotherapy department to identify the risk of fall in knee OA patients. Most of the patients had severe knee pain and reduced lower limb muscle strength so, during the test patient may take a long time to complete the test and there is a loss of balance. Due to pain and reduced endurance and loss of balance, the patient may not be capable of completing the test. So, the test is reliable to determine the risk of a fall in knee OA patient.
Nutritional Agonists of PPAR-γ: An Immunomodulatory Approach to Control Cytokine Storm in Covid19 Patients
Authors: Siddiqui Nadeem , Anjum Shaik Mohammad , Nannapaneni Sreeja , Vemuri Sri Sarvani , Potluri Bhavana , Bodiga Sreedhar , Bodiga Vijaya Lakshmi , Veeravilli Suryanarayana
Published: December 2021

Recent examinations express that multi organ failure is seen in Corona virus infected patients with different pathway. It has been shown in contemplates that increased levels of cytokines like IL-1B and INF gamma were observed. It is called as cytokine storm with higher convergences of CCL2 and CXCL10. The cytokine storm is trailed by our immune system attacking own body which thus may cause numerous organ abnormalities and conclusive outcome being death. There is currently no specific treatment for viral illness, and this methodology is an optional path for focusing on specific qualities that may diminish cytokine storm. In such manner Peroxisome Proliferators Activated Receptors (PPARs) have a place with group of transcription factors which are known to manage the inflammatory mechanisms in body. This immunomodulatory approach is intended to focus PPAR-gamma ligands and their molecular docking studies. The activation or increased expression levels of PPAR gamma because of chosen agonists may reduce the cytokine storm in the covid patients. Thus, this is one such fascinating way to deal with neutralization of the cytokines exorbitantly elevated by use of substances like pomegranate, lemon grass and so on to activate PPARs reliably.
A Study Protocol on: Evaluate the Awareness Program on Selected Vaccinations among Chronic Kidney Disease Patients
Authors: Ghungrud Deepali , Sharma Ranjana
Published: December 2021

Background: “Chronic Kidney Disease” also known as a chronic renal failure, is one of the major health problems today. And infection is the second leading cause of morbidity and mortality in patients with chronic kidney disease, contributing around 30–36% of deaths among patients on dialysis. Overall, this condition is a threat to the life of the patients, hence to improve in the patient’s condition on dialysis and renal replacement therapy is a must. Here, early vaccination becomes must as primary treatment modalities to prevent the patients from communicable diseases like Hepatitis-B, Influenza, Pneumococcal diseases.

Aim: To evaluate the effectiveness of the awareness program on selected vaccinations among chronic kidney disease patients.

Methodology: Quasi experimental one group pre-test post-test research design will be used in this study and samples will be chronic kidney disease patients. Non probability purposive sampling technique will be used to select the samples. This research study included 100 chronic kidney disease patients of selected hospitals in Vidarbha region. Samples must select according to requirements for inclusion and exclusion criteria. For this study, Age between 18 to 65 years above, both male and female, Chronic kidney disease patients attending Nephrology and Medicine OPD/IPD and admitted patients in selected hospitals in Vidarbha region, able to read and write Marathi or Hindi, Willing to participate in study, available during data collection.

Expected Results:  1. To access this information for educating and change the attitude of patients regarding selected vaccination among chronic kidney disease patients. And understand the importance of vaccination before the onset of dialysis and renal transplantation.

Conclusion: Conclusion will be drawn from the statistical analysis.
Phytochemical and Antimicrobial Screening of Leaf and Tuber Extracts of Tephrosia calophylla Bedd
Authors: Kavitha B.
Published: December 2021

Tephrosia calophylla, (Fabaceae) a perennial woody under shrub endemic to south India. It is one of 13 rare or threatened Tephrosia species. Commonly it is known as Adavivempali. The various species of Tephrosia is ascribed to have many medicinal and therapeutic uses. The importance of this study was to preliminary screening of different phytochemical constituents for the detection of various secondary metabolites and evaluation of antibacterial, antifungal activity and Minimum Inhibitory Concentration of the different crude extracts of tuber and leaf. Tuber and leaf both yielded more number of secondary metabolites like alkaloids, phenols, flavonoids tannins, saponins and glycosides with high quantity when compared with the leaf, consisting low quantities of phyto-constituents as steroids and in tuber consisting only tannins. Antibacterial activity of T. calophylla tuber and leaf aqueous and alcohol extracts at 10 mg/well are showing more effective activity on Bacillus subtilis (MTCC-441), Escherichia coli (MTCC-443), Pseudomonas aeruginosa (MTCC-741), Klebsealla neumoniae, Proteus vulgaris strains than the control drug Ampicillin 10 mg/well with 30.25-15.00 mm zone of inhibition. The minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) with leaf and tuber extracts was 0.312 to 2.50 mg/ml compared to that of the 10 mg of Ampicillin. Antifungal screening of aqueous leaf extract was more effective on Candida albicans with 19.25 mm inhibition zone than Aspergillus niger at 10 mg/well compared to Nystatin the control drug at 10 mg/well with 10.2 to 12.1 mm of zone of inhibition. Fungal MIC on both organisms with leaf and tuber extracts ranges from 0.612 mg to 3 mg compared to 10 mg of Nystatin.
Ramifications of COVID-19 on Childhood Obesity: A Global Perspective
Authors: Kolhekar Sonali , PreranaSakharwade . , Meshram Khushbu , Shambharkar Madhuri , Khandar Jaya , Lokhande Shalini , Kasturkar Pooja , Gomase Kavita
Published: December 2021

The COVID-19 pandemic has had far-reaching ramifications that extend far beyond the Clinical Diseases. Children around the world have been impacted by the socioeconomic, psychological, and physiologic effects brought about by the emergence and response to this virus. This is especially true for children already suffering from obesity. They have been placed in an almost impossible situation due to the negative effects of living in relative isolation. Using logistic regression, the hazard factors for loss of life in young overweight COVID-19 patients were investigated. According to our data, obesity is linked to many health risks for teenage COVID-19 patients. They have a significant death rate, with worsening irritant responses, greater vascular damage, and elevated rates of lung consolidation. Younger children infected with COVID-19 who were hospitalized had a high proportion of comorbidities. Infants had less severe illness. Obese child were more likely to necessitate mechanical ventilation, as well as higher indicators of Inflammation at the time of admission. While in the hospital childhood obesity was linked to serious COVID-19 disease. Europe is no exception, three weeks have passed since Italy's mandatory countrywide lock-down began; lifestyle, diet, exercise, and sleep were collected and compared to data on children gathered in 2019. The additional weight accumulated during the lock-down may not be readily reversed, and if better practices are not re-established, it may contribute to obesity in adulthood. The United States similarly has reported increasing weight gain in youth aged 2-19 during the pandemic.
Restraining Oxygen Release and Suppressing Structure Distortion in Single‐Crystal Li‐Rich Layered Cathode Materials
Authors: Sun Jianming , Sheng Chuanchao , Cao Xin , Wang Pengfei , He Ping , Yang Huijun , Chang Zhi , Yue Xiyan , Zhou Haoshen
Published: November 2021

Li‐rich oxides can be regarded as the next‐generation cathode materials for high‐energy‐density Li‐ion batteries since additional oxygen redox activities greatly increase output energy density. However, the oxygen loss and structural distortion induce low initial coulombic efficiency and severe decay of cycle performance, further hindering their industrial applications. Herein, the representative layered Li‐rich cathode material, Li1.2Ni0.2Mn0.6O2, is endowed with novel single‐crystal morphology. In comparison to its polycrystal counterpart, not only can serious oxygen release be effectively restrained during the first oxygen activation process, but also the layered/spinel phase transition can be well suppressed upon cycling. Moreover, the single‐crystal cathode exhibits the limited volume change and persistent presence of superlattice peaks upon Li+ (de)intercalation processes, resulting in enhanced structural stability with absence of crack generation and successive utilization of oxygen redox reaction during long‐term cycling. Benefiting from these unique features, the single‐crystal Li‐rich electrode not only yields a high reversible capacity of 257 mAh g−1, but also achieves excellent cycling performance with 92% capacity retention after 200 cycles. These findings demonstrate that the morphology design of single crystals can be regarded as an effective strategy to realize high‐energy density and long‐life Li‐ion batteries.
Capillary‐Confinement Crystallization for Monolayer Molecular Crystal Arrays
Authors: Liu Jie , Yu Yamin , Liu Jie , Li Tao , Li Chunlei , Zhang Jing , Hu Wenping , Liu Yunqi , Jiang Lang
Published: November 2021

Organic single‐crystalline semiconductors are highly desired for the fabrication of integrated electronic circuits, yet their uniform growth and efficient patterning is a huge challenge. Here, a general solution procedure named the “soft‐template‐assisted‐assembly method” is developed to prepare centimeter‐scale monolayer molecular crystal (MMC) arrays with precise regulation over their size and location via a capillary‐confinement crystallization process. It is remarkable that the field‐effect mobility of the array is highly uniform, with variation less than 4.4%, which demonstrates the most uniform organic single‐crystal arrays ever reported so far. Simulations based on fluid dynamics are carried out to understand the function mechanism of this method. Thanks to the ultrasmooth crystalline orientation surface of MMCs, high‐quality p–n heterojunction arrays can be prepared by weak epitaxy growth of n‐type material atop the MMC. The p–n heterojunction field‐effect transistors show ambipolar characteristics and the corresponding inverters constructed by these heterojunctions exhibit a competitive gain of 155. This work provides a general strategy to realize the preparation and application of logic complementary circuits based on patterned organic single crystals.
Hysteresis‐Free Nanoparticle‐Reinforced Hydrogels
Authors: Meng Xiaohui , Qiao Yan , Do Changwoo , Bras Wim , He Chunyong , Ke Yubin , Russell Thomas P. , Qiu Dong
Published: November 2021

The elastic storage and release of mechanical energy has been key to many developments throughout the history of mankind. Resilience, absent hysteresis, has been an elusive goal to achieve, particularly at large deformations. Using a low‐crosslink‐density polyacrylamide hydrogel at 96% water content having hyperbranched silica nanoparticles (HBSPs) as the major junction points, a hysteresis‐free material is realized. The fatigue‐free characteristic of these composite hydrogels is evidenced by the invariance of the stress–strain curves at strain ratios of 4, even after 5000 cycles. At a strain ratio of 7, only a 1.3% hysteresis is observed. A markedly increased strain‐ratio‐at‐break of 11.5 is observed. The unique attributes of these resilient hydrogels are manifested in the high‐fidelity detection of dynamic deformations under cyclic loading over a broad range of frequencies, difficult to achieve with other materials.