bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Time-variability of the fraction of young water in a small headwater catchment
Authors: Stockinger Michael P. , Bogena Heye R. , Lücke Andreas , Stumpp Christine , Vereecken Harry
Published: January 2019

Abstract. The time precipitation needs to travel through a catchment to its outlet is an important descriptor of a catchment's susceptibility to pollutant contamination, nutrient loss and hydrological functioning. The fast component of total water flow can be estimated by the fraction of young water (Fyw) which is the percentage of streamflow younger than three months. Fyw is calculated by comparing the amplitudes of sine waves fitted to seasonal precipitation and streamflow tracer signals. This is usually done for the complete tracer time series available neglecting annual differences in the amplitudes of longer time series. Considering inter-annual amplitude differences, we here employed a moving time window of one-year length in weekly time steps over a 4.5-years δ18O tracer time series to calculate 189 Fyw results. The results were then tested against the following null hypotheses, defining 2 % difference in Fyw as significant based on results of previous studies: (1) Fyw does not deviate more than ±2% from the mean of all Fyw results indicating long-term invariance. Larger deviations would indicate either flow path changes or a change in the relative contribution of different flow paths; (2) for any four-week window Fyw does not change more than ±2 % indicating short-term invariance. Larger deviations would indicate a high sensitivity of Fyw to a 1–4 weeks shift in the start of a one-year sampling campaign; (3) for a given calendar month Fyw does not change more than ±2 % indicating seasonal invariance of Fyw. In our study, all three null hypotheses were rejected. Thus, the Fyw results were time-variable, showed a high variability in the chosen sampling time and had no pronounced seasonality. Based on high short-term variability of Fyw when the mean adjusted R² was below 0.2 we recommend that a low R2 should be regarded as indicating potentially highly uncertain Fyw results. Furthermore, while investigated individual meteorological factors could not sufficiently explain variations of Fyw, the runoff coefficient showed a moderate negative correlation of r = −0.54 with Fyw. This indicated that when annual runoff exceeded precipitation the catchment received the water deficit from storage which is old water causing a decrease in Fyw. The results of this study suggest that care must be taken when comparing Fyw of catchments that were based on different calculation time periods.
A simple model for local-scale sensible and latent heat advection contributions to snowmelt
Authors: Harder Phillip , Pomeroy John W. , Helgason Warren D.
Published: January 2019

Abstract. Local-scale advection of energy from warm snow-free surfaces to cold
snow-covered surfaces is an important component of the energy balance during
snow-cover depletion. Unfortunately, this process is difficult to quantify in
one-dimensional snowmelt models. This paper proposes a simple sensible and
latent heat advection model for snowmelt situations that can be readily
coupled to one-dimensional energy balance snowmelt models. An existing
advection parameterization was coupled to a conceptual frozen soil
infiltration surface water retention model to estimate the areal average
sensible and latent heat advection contributions to snowmelt. The proposed
model compared well with observations of latent and sensible heat advection,
providing confidence in the process parameterizations and the assumptions
applied. Snow-covered area observations from unmanned aerial vehicle imagery
were used to update and evaluate the scaling properties of snow patch area
distribution and lengths. Model dynamics and snowmelt implications were
explored within an idealized modelling experiment, by coupling to a
one-dimensional energy balance snowmelt model. Dry, snow-free surfaces were
associated with advection of dry air that compensated for positive sensible
heat advection fluxes and so limited the net influence of advection on
snowmelt. Latent and sensible heat advection fluxes both contributed positive
fluxes to snow when snow-free surfaces were wet and enhanced net advection
contributions to snowmelt. The increased net advection fluxes from wet
surfaces typically develop towards the end of snowmelt and offset decreases
in the one-dimensional areal average melt energy that declines with
snow-covered area. The new model can be readily incorporated into existing
one-dimensional snowmelt hydrology and land surface scheme models and will
foster improvements in snowmelt understanding and predictions.
Stochastic modeling of flow and conservative transport in three-dimensional discrete fracture networks
Authors: Lee I-Hsien , Ni Chuen-Fa , Lin Fang-Pang , Lin Chi-Ping , Ke Chien-Chung
Published: January 2019

Abstract. This study presents the stochastic Monte Carlo
simulation (MCS) to assess the uncertainty of flow and conservative transport
in 3-D discrete fracture networks (DFNs). The MCS modeling workflow involves
a number of developed modules, including a DFN generator, a DFN mesh
generator, and a finite element model for solving steady-state flow and
conservative transport in 3-D DFN realizations. The verification of the
transport model relies on the comparison of transport solutions obtained from
HYDROGEOCHEM model and an analytical model. Based on 500 DFN realizations in
the MCS, the study assesses the effects of fracture intensities on the
variation of equivalent hydraulic conductivity and the exhibited behaviors of
concentration breakthrough curves (BTCs) in fractured networks. Results of
the MCS show high variations in head and Darcy velocity near the specified
head boundaries. There is no clear stationary region obtained for the head
variance. However, the transition zones of nonstationarity for x-direction
Darcy velocity is obvious, and the length of the transition zone is found to
be close to the value of the mean fracture diameter for the DFN realizations.
The MCS for DFN transport indicates that a small sampling volume in DFNs can
lead to relatively high values of mean BTCs and BTC variations.
Simulating the spread of disinfection by-products and anthropogenic
bromoform emissions from ballast water discharge in Southeast Asia
Authors: Maas Josefine , Tegtmeier Susann , Quack Birgit , Biastoch Arne , Durgadoo Jonathan V. , Rühs Siren , Gollasch Stephan , David Matej
Published: January 2019

Abstract. Ballast water treatment is required for vessels to prevent the introduction of potentially invasive neobiota. Some treatment methods use chemical disinfectants which produce a variety of halogenated compounds as disinfection by-products (DBPs). One of the most abundant DBP from oxidative ballast water treatment is bromoform (CHBr3) where we find an average concentration of 894 ± 560 nmol L-1 (226 ± 142 μg L-1) in the undiluted ballast water from measurements and literature. Bromoform is a relevant gas for atmospheric chemistry and ozone depletion, especially in the tropics where entrainment into the stratosphere is possible. The spread of DBPs in the tropics over months to years is assessed here for the first time. With Lagrangian trajectories based on the NEMO-ORCA12 model velocity field, we simulate DBP spread in the sea surface and try to quantify the oceanic bromoform concentration and emission to the atmosphere from ballast water discharge at major harbours in the tropical region of Southeast Asia. The exemplary simulations of two important regions, Singapore and the Pearl River Delta, reveal major transport pathways of the DBPs and the anthropogenic bromoform concentrations in the sea surface. Based on our simulations, we expect DBPs to spread into the open ocean, along the coast and also an advection with monsoon-driven currents into the North Pacific and Indian Ocean. Furthermore, anthropogenic bromoform concentrations and emissions are predicted to increase locally around large harbours. In the sea surface around Singapore we estimate an increase in bromoform concentration by 9 % compared to recent measurement. In a moderate scenario where 70 % of the ballast water is chemically treated bromoform emissions to the atmosphere can locally exceed 1000 pmol m-2 h-1 and double climatological emissions. In the Pearl River Delta all bromoform is directly outgassed which leads to an additional bromine (Br) input into the atmosphere of 495 kmol Br (∼42 t CHBr3) a-1. From Singapore ports the additional atmospheric Br input is calculated as 312 kmol Br (∼26 t CHBr3) a-1. We estimate the global anthropogenic Br input from ballast water into the atmosphere of up to 13 Mmol a-1. This is 0.1 % global Br input from background bromoform emissions and thus probably not relevant for stratospheric ozone depletion.
The CMEMS GlobColour Chlorophyll-a Product Based on Satellite
Observation
Authors: Garnesson Philippe , Mangin Antoine , Fanton d'Andon Odile , Demaria Julien , Bretagnon Marine
Published: January 2019

Abstract. This work concerns the chlorophyll products based on Satellite Observation and disseminated in the frame of the Copernicus Marine Environmental Monitoring Service (CMEMS). This work highlights the main advantages provided by the Copernicus Globcolour processor which is used to serve the CMEMS with a long time series from 1997 to present with level 3 & 4 products at Global level (4 km of spatial resolution) and for the Atlantic level 4 product (1 km). It discusses the different ways to merge data coming from different sensors and it is shown that the GlobColour processor approach provide a better flexibility. At present, it is the only one CMEMS processor able to ingest the OLCI-S3A in the merged product (OLCI-S3A data are ingested in the operational CMEMS products since the April 2018 release). Behind the merging, the flagging strategy to go from level 2 provided by spatial agencies to the level 3 CMEMS products is also discussed. A better spatial coverage is demonstrated, including the coastal area which is of particular interest for many users involved in the EU Water Framework and Marine Strategy Framework Directive.
Induced seismicity in geologic carbon storage
Authors: Vilarrasa Víctor , Carrera Jesus , Olivella Sebastià , Rutqvist Jonny , Laloui Lyesse
Published: January 2019

Abstract. Geologic carbon storage, as well as other geo-energy applications, such as geothermal energy, seasonal natural gas storage and subsurface energy storage, imply fluid injection/extraction that causes changes in the effective stress field and induces (micro)seismicity. If felt, seismicity has a negative effect on public perception and may jeopardize wellbore stability and damage infrastructure. Thus, induced earthquakes should be minimized to successfully deploy geo-energies. However, the processes that trigger induced seismicity are not fully understood, which translates into a limited forecast ability of current predictive models. We aim at understanding the triggering mechanisms of induced seismicity and to develop methodologies to minimize its occurrence through dimensional and numerical analysis. We find that the properties of the injected fluid, e.g., water or CO2, have a significant effect on pressure buildup evolution and thus, on fracture/fault stability. In addition to pressure changes, the injected fluid usually reaches the injection formation at a lower temperature than that of the rock, inducing rock contraction, thermal stress reduction and stress redistribution around the cooled region. If low-permeable faults cross the injection formation, local stress changes are induced around them which may reduce their stability and eventually cause fault reactivation. To minimize the risk of inducing felt seismicity, we have developed characterization techniques to reduce the uncertainty on rock properties and subsurface heterogeneity both for the screening of injection sites and for the operation of projects. Overall, we contend that felt induced seismicity can be minimized provided that a proper site characterization, monitoring and pressure management are performed.
Greenland Ice Sheet late-season melt: Investigating multi-scale drivers of K-transect events
Authors: Ballinger Thomas J. , Mote Thomas L. , Mattingly Kyle , Bliss Angela C. , Hanna Edward , van As Dirk , Prieto Melissa , Gharehchahi Saeideh , Fettweis Xavier , Noël Brice , Smeets Paul C. J. P. , Ribergaard Mads H. , Cappelen John
Published: January 2019

Abstract. One consequence of recent Arctic warming is an increased occurrence and longer seasonality of above-freezing air temperature episodes. There is significant disagreement in the literature concerning potential physical connectivity between high-latitude open water duration proximate to the Greenland Ice Sheet (GrIS) and unseasonal (i.e. late summer and autumn) GrIS melt events. Here, a new date of sea ice advance (DOA) product is used to determine the occurrence of Baffin Bay sea ice growth along Greenland's west coast for the 2011–2015 period. For the unseasonal melt period preceding the DOA, northwest Atlantic Ocean and atmospheric conditions are analyzed and linked to unseasonal melt events observed at a series of on-ice automatic weather stations (AWS) along the K-transect in southwest Greenland. Mesoscale and synoptic influences on the above and below freezing surface air temperature events are assessed through analyses of AWS wind, pressure, and humidity observations. These surface observations are further compared against Modèle Atmosphérique Régional (MAR), Regional Atmospheric Climate Model (RACMO2), and ERA-Interim reanalysis fields to understand the airmass origins and (thermo)dynamic drivers of the melt events. Results suggest that the K-transect late season, ablation zone melt events are strongly affected by ridging atmospheric circulation patterns that transport warm, moist air from the sub-polar North Atlantic toward west Greenland. While thermal conduction and advection off south Baffin Bay open waters impact coastal air temperatures, consistent with previous studies, marine air incursions from Baffin Bay onto the ice sheet are obstructed by barrier flows and the pressure gradient-driven katabatic regime along the western GrIS margin.
Lidar Estimation of Rotor-Effective Wind Speed – An Experimental Comparison
Authors: Held Dominique P. , Mann Jakob
Published: January 2019

Abstract. Lidar systems have the potential of alleviating structural loads on wind turbines by providing a preview of the incoming wind field to the control system. For a collective pitch controller the important quantity of interest is the rotor-effective wind speed (REWS). In this study, we present a model of the coherence between the REWS and its estimate from continuous-wave nacelle-mounted lidar systems. The model uses the spectral tensor definition of the Mann model. Model results were compared to field data gathered from a 2- and 4-beam nacelle lidar mounted on a wind turbine. The comparison shows close agreement for the coherence and the data fits better to the proposed model than to a model based on the Kaimal turbulence model, which underestimates the coherence. Inflow conditions with larger length scales led to a higher coherence between REWS and lidar estimates than inflow turbulence of smaller length scale. When comparing the two lidar systems, it was shown that the 4-beam lidar is able to resolve small turbulent structures with a higher degree of coherence. Further, the advection speed by which the turbulent structures are transported from measurement to rotor plane can be estimated by 10 minute averages of the lidar estimation of REWS. The presented model can be used as a computationally efficient tool to optimize the position of the lidar focus points in order to maximize the coherence.
More Harm than Good? A Pilot of a Motivational Interviewing Based Intervention for Increasing Readiness to Improve Nutrition in Young People Experiencing a First Episode of Psychosis
Authors: Fulton Emily , Peet Malcolm , Williamson Kevin
Published: January 2019

The relationship between nutrition and mental health, as well as physical health, is well known. Mental Health Services in the UK and worldwide are recognising the need for nutritional care, however eliciting a change in eating habits in patients/service users is a challenge. The effects of a ‘Psych-Nutritional Intervention’ (PNI) using Motivational Interviewing (n = 30) was compared with a ‘Treatment as Usual’ (TAU) involving standard nutritional advice (n = 21) and a control group (no nutritional support) (n = 22). The sample consisted of young people aged 18–35 years old with a diagnosis of psychosis, who were currently under the care of a UK specialist National Health Service (NHS) Mental Health team (Early Intervention for Psychosis Team). Nutritional knowledge was assessed at baseline across the groups. Readiness to Change eating habits was measured at baseline and a further two time points post intervention. Although there were no significant between group differences, the PNI group elicited both the most progression in terms of readiness to change eating habits, but also the most regression. The use of MI may be anti-therapeutic for those who are not ready to consider make changes to their eating habits, and this requires further investigation. Greater emphasis on the importance of assessing and selecting who is most likely to benefit from interventions is necessary.
Infrastructural company in the development of the Euroregion Bug
Authors: Zakrzewski Bartosz
Published: January 2019

Przeniesienie granicy celnej UE na linię rzeki Bug i pojawienie się zagranicznych inwesto-rów na wschodzie Polski, na obszarze wpływu europejskiego korytarza transportowego nr II, stworzyły w ostatnich latach nowe możliwości rozwoju tego regionu. W artykule zostały omówione najważniejsze elementy potencjału transportowego Euroregionu Bug. Autor stwierdza, że ze względu na geograficzne położenie w strefie oddziaływania korytarza transportowego nr II, największy potencjał rozwojowy Euroregionu Bug tkwi w jego lokaliza-cji. Choć jest to region transgraniczny, to jego zdolności przewozowe nie są w pełni wyko-rzystane z powodu braku nowoczesnej infrastruktury, w tym centrów logistycznych do obsługi przewozów multimodalnych.
The role of management accounting in the designing of innovative business models
Authors: Świderska Getruda , Pielaszek Marcin , Raulinajtys-Grzybek Monika
Published: January 2019

An innovative business model is defined in literature as a model that allows for identification of opportunities for innovation in every aspect described by the business model. The article presents the areas of application of management accounting tools in creating and implementing innovative business models. Based on the analysis of the business model canvas, the authors presented areas, in which management accounting allows for implementing innovation, as well as the tools that can be used to obtain information on specific areas.
How to make
Polish SMEs
more innovative?
Authors: Piatkowski Marcin , Toborowicz Jerzy , Wolszczak Grzegorz
Published: January 2019

The article presents the main results of the World Bank study undertook between 2014 and 2015, during which the Bank conducted more than 500 face-to-face interviews with top management of SMEs in four regions of Poland. The objective of the study was to identify key drivers and constraints of SME innovation, discover firms with the most innova-tion-based growth potential, and assess the quality of public support for innova-tion-oriented SMEs. The study found that among the interviewed SMEs there was a large group of companies with a significant potential for innovation-based growth. To help in-novative SMEs fully leverage their capa-
city, public support for innovation will need to be modernized.
Fenomen innowacji społecznej
Authors: Wicki Ludwik
Published: January 2019

Książka pt. Sharing Economy (gospodarka współdzielenia) zawiera podstawowe zagadnienia związane z tytułową sferą gospodarki. Do tej pory brak było w polskiej literaturze zwartego opracowania, w którym poruszono by zagadnienie definiowania pojęć z zakresu ekonomii współpracy, zaprezentowano obszary funkcjonowania w gospodarce, stosowane modele biznesowe, a także wskazano na uwarunkowania prawne, podatkowe oraz zagrożenia związane z rozwojem działalności w ramach omawianych modeli biznesowych. W książce kompleksowo ujęto najważniejsze zagadnienia dotyczące gospodarki współdzielenia
Effective capital market and the enterprise accounting system
Authors: Białas-Szymańska Małgorzata
Published: January 2019

The topic of the article is to examine the nature and structure of the relationship between the transparency of the accounting system and the efficiency of the capital market. This dependence has the character of correlation. This is a positive feedback because rational, efficient and effective functioning of the market economy, and especially the capital market, requires far-reaching transparency. Countries with a mature financial economy have introduced a number of institutional and legislative solutions that ensure the proper course of these processes. In this article the author’s concept of maps of coupling between market efficiency and complexity (transparency) of accounting is presented and discussed.
The importance of legal forms of business for the formation of business environment in Georgia
Authors: Abuselidze George , Katamadze Giorgi
Published: January 2019

The article is devoted to the analysis of the effects of organizational and legal forms of business entities on the development of entrepreneurship in Georgia. Based on the analysis of the dynamics of company registration during ten years, companies characterized by rapid changes of registration during this period were revealed, and also the factors affecting the process of selection of organizational and legal forms were discussed. Based the results of the study, it can be concluded that encouraging to increase or decrease the number business entities is an indirect tool to achieve the goals of economic policy of the country, depending on which areas of the economy are to be strengthened.
Identification of etiological agents of selected bacterial and viral infections based on serological tests
Authors: Lewandowicz-Uszyńska Aleksandra , Naporowski Piotr , Pasternak Gerard , Witkowska Danuta
Published: January 2019

The human immune system’s response to infection is closely related with the type of pathogen. First, a rapid, metabolically inexpensive and non-specific innate immunity is induced, then a specific acquired immunity is activated. In bacterial infections caused by intracellular pathogens, the main role is played by cellular response. In infections caused by bacterial extracellular pathogens, a crucial role is played by antibodies. The clinical symptoms of bacterial and viral infections very often are similar, which is why diagnosing them based only on medical history and physical examination is insufficient. To identify the etiological factors of infections differentiating media, biochemical tests, molecular methods and serological tests are used. The detection of microorganisms or their genetic material can be performed within a short time after the occurrence of an infection. The detection of antibodies is possible only in the appropriate time called the serological window. In a serological diagnostic of infections there are problems with an appropriate interpretation of obtained results. Cross-reactivity can give false positive results for the diagnosis of Chlamydophila pneumonia infection. The problem with the detection of Borrelia burgdorferi infection can be caused by a simultaneous coinfection with different spirochetes, syphilis, mononucleosis or HIV. In serological diagnostics of bacterial infections, the administration of antibiotics to patients before taking serum samples can be responsible for false negative results. Another reason for such results can be a weak humoral response in infected patients. In viral infections, false positive results can be caused by a coinfection of different viruses, especially from the same family or by bacterial or protozoal coinfections or by autoimmune diseases. False-negative results in viral infections often are caused by the early phase of an infection. To properly recognize an etiological factor of infection it is necessary to use an appropriate method, precision of test and collect samples at the appropriate time.
Myeloid-derived suppressor cells as a target for anticancer therapy
Authors: Anger Natalia , Rossowska Joanna
Published: January 2019

Myeloid-derived suppressor cells are heterogenic immature myeloid cells, which possess suppressor activity and play an important role in both, tumor progression and metastasis. The accumulation of MDSCs is induced primarily by factors that are secreted by the tumor microenvironment, which disturb myelopoiesis that occurs in the bone marrow and enables the migration of immature myeloid cells into the tumor. MDSCs promote tumor growth by inhibiting the activity of immunocompetent cells, as well as by activating non-immunological processes, such as tumor angiogenesis, the degradation of extracellular matrix and the formation of premetastatic niche. Due to their significant impact on the development of cancer, MDSCs became clinically relevant in tumor diagnostics. In recent years, various therapeutic strategies were developed in order to inhibit the proliferation, accumulation or suppressor activity of MDSCs, as well as to render the differentiation or total depletion of these cells. The proposed therapies often combine factors that reduce MDSCs suppression with conventional chemotherapy or with immune checkpoints inhibitors.
In this review, we describe the current state of knowledge about factors that enable the accumulation of MDSCs, methods of phenotypic identification of these cells, as well as the mechanisms of suppression used by them. Moreover, we provide insight into the therapeutic approaches, which aim to restore the reactivity of the immune system by reducing the suppressor effects of MDSCs.
The polycystic ovarian syndrome and chronic inflammation: The role of Toll-like receptors
Authors: Jończyk Maja , Kuliczkowska-Płaksej Justyna , Mierzwicka Agata , Bolanowski Marek
Published: January 2019

Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is one of the most common endocrinopathies in reproductive-aged women. The pathogenesis of this syndrome is not yet fully understood. Previous studies indicate the coexistence of low-grade chronic inflammation and PCOS. Toll-like receptors (TLRs) play a key role in the inflammatory reactions. They induce an innate immune response when in contact with pathogen-associated molecular patterns (PAMP). TLRs expression on several cell types has been described, including immune cells, epithelial and endothelial cells, adipocytes, pancreatic beta-cells and ovarian tissue. The stimulation of TLRs triggers signaling pathways, which in turn leads to proinflammatory cytokines production, including IL-6 and TNF alpha. Elevated concentrations of these cytokines were also observed in patients with PCOS. Currently, there are few studies about the role of TLRs in the pathogenesis of PCOS. Women with this syndrome are more frequently diagnosed with metabolic disorders, such as obesity or insulin resistance (IR). The substances released from adipose tissue, including free fatty acids, contribute to the increased activation of the two TLRs - 2 and 4. Recent data also confirms their overexpression in women with PCOS. Increased activation and the presence of specific gene polymorphisms for TLR2 and TLR4 is presumed to be a contributor to the development of IR and hyperandrogenism in women with PCOS.
Świadek – kluczowy uczestnik dręczenia rówieśniczego (bullyingu). Rola czynników decydujących o podjęciu interwencji
Authors: Walczak-Człapińska Karolina
Published: January 2019

W artykule podjęto tematykę dręczenia rówieśniczego, uwzględniając doświadczenia świadków. Zjawisko dręczenia rówieśniczego jest istotnym problemem z perspektywy planowania szkolnej profilaktyki w tym zakresie. W większości studiów teoretycznych i empirycznych autorzy opisują bullying, koncentrując się na zachowaniach sprawców i ofiar, pomijając kluczową rolę świadków dręczenia. Autorka tego artykułu podkreśla ważną rolę osób postronnych, które poprzez własną zdecydowaną interwencję mogą znacząco przyczynić się do obrony ofiar, a tym samym do ograniczenia incydentów dręczenia. W artykule zaprezentowano wybrane typologie świadków bullyingu, podkreślając znaczenie roli świadków wspierających ofiary. Odwołano się do badań własnych, których celem było poznanie uwarunkowań interwencji w sytuacji dręczenia rówieśniczego. Badania przeprowadzono przy użyciu wywiadu pogłębionego, przeprowadzonego z 23 studentami w przedziale wiekowym 20–41 lat. Opisano uwarunkowania skłaniające świadków do podjęcia lub zaniechania interwencji.
Postawy rodzicielskie a skłonność do impulsywnej agresji. Mediacyjna rola aleksytymii
Authors: Zdankiewicz-Ścigała Elżbieta , Sikora Joanna , Ścigała Dawid Konrad
Published: January 2019

Cel: Celem badania była analiza związku między postawami rodzicielskimi a skłonnością do impulsywnej agresji z uwzględnieniem mediacyjnej roli aleksytymii.
Metoda: W badaniu użyto następujących narzędzi: Kwestionariusz Retrospekcyjnej Postawy wobec Rodziców (Parental Bonding Instrument); Kwestionariusz do pomiaru aleksytymii (Toronto Alexithymia Scale); Kwestionariusz Agresji Buss-Perry (The Aggression Questionnaire, BPAQ). Badanie przeprowadzono na losowo wybranej grupie osób z populacji ogólnej. W sumie 197 osób w wieku od 22 do 43 lat (M = 34,42; SD = 5,47). W próbie nieznacznie większy odsetek stanowiły kobiety (53,8%). Pod względem poziomu wykształcenia dominowały osoby posiadające wyższe wykształcenie (74,1%); pozostały procent stanowiły osoby z wykształceniem średnim (14,2%) oraz licencjackim (11,7%).
Rezultaty: W wyniku przeprowadzonych analiz, korelacji, regresji oraz mediacji wykazano umiarkowany związek między kontrolą matki a trudnościami w identyfikacji emocji oraz kontrolą ze strony ojca a aleksytymią, jako całością, oraz osobno z operacyjnym stylem myślenia. Kontrola ze strony matki wiąże się z rozwojem skłonności do wrogości. Z kolei kontrola ze strony ojca zwiększa skłonność do agresji fizycznej, wrogości i gniewu. Aleksytymia silnie wiąże się z agresją fizyczną, wrogością oraz gniewem i jest istotnym mediatorem w relacji między kontrolą matki i ojca a różnymi aspektami agresji, zwiększając jej natężenie. Wiek koreluje pozytywnie z natężeniem aleksytymii.
Konkluzje: Przeprowadzone badanie wskazuje na istnienie silnych związków między postawami rodziców, głównie kontrolą, a tendencją do rozwoju aleksytymii oraz skłonnością do różnych przejawów agresji. Aleksytymia, blokując procesy identyfikacji i werbalizacji emocji powoduje, że język nie służy do regulacji i kontroli pobudzenia, zwiększając tym samym ryzyko wystąpienia zachowań agresywnych. Przeprowadzone badanie wskazuje, że w kolejnych badaniach należy uwzględnić także inne wymiary dotyczące regulacji emocji, badając związki między postawami rodzicielskimi, aleksytymią a agresją.
Rodzinne uwarunkowania cechy, ekspresji i kontroli złości wśród młodych kobiet
Authors: Dominiak-Kochanek Monika , Konopka Karolina
Published: January 2019

Celem przeprowadzonych badań było ustalenie, czy i w jakim stopniu metody wychowawcze doświadczane w dzieciństwie wiążą się z cechą, ekspresją i kontrolą złości u dorosłych kobiet. W badaniu uwzględniono karanie fizyczne, metody punitywne oraz agresję psychologiczną jako trzy odmienne metody wychowawcze, które mogą mieć wkład w natężenie różnych aspektów złości w życiu dorosłym. W badaniu udział wzięły 243 kobiety w wieku od 19. do 32. roku życia (M = 20,81, SD = 1,77). Badane oceniały, w jakim stopniu ich rodzice stosowali wobec nich trzy wyszczególnione metody wychowawcze oraz określały częstość doświadczania złości, jej ekspresji na zewnątrz i do wewnątrz oraz stopień kontroli zewnętrznej i wewnętrznej ekspresji złości. Analizy ujawniły, że w retrospektywnej ocenie metod wychowawczych, badane kobiety najczęściej doświadczały od rodziców agresji psychologicznej, to jest celowo wywoływanego poczucia winy, wstydu oraz komunikowania warunkowej miłości. Ta metoda wychowawcza okazała się również kluczową, jeśli chodzi o natężenie cechy złości oraz jej zewnętrzną i wewnętrzną ekspresję. Wbrew oczekiwaniom nie odnotowano istotnych statystycznie związków pomiędzy karaniem fizycznym a uwzględnionymi aspektami złości. Wyniki badania są dyskutowane w kontekście rodzajowej socjalizacji emocji oraz negatywnych konsekwencji psychologicznych stosowania agresji psychologicznej w wychowaniu dziecka.
Kształtowanie się i stabilność przekonań w zachowaniach agresywnych – analiza doświadczeń biograficznych (case study)
Authors: Jaros Agnieszka
Published: January 2019

Artykuł poświęcono problematyce kształtowania się i zmienności przekonań w zachowaniach agresywnych. Przekonania jako dość trwałe struktury poznawcze nie ulegają łatwym zmianom pod wpływem doświadczeń. Jednak ich wpływ na zachowanie jednostki zależy przede wszystkim od sposobu zinterpretowania zdarzenia i odgrywanej roli w zdarzeniu agresywnym. Do zilustrowania poruszanej problematyki posłużyła wybrana narracja (case study). Na podstawie autobiograficznego wywiadu narracyjnego zrekonstruowano doświadczenia życiowe wpływające na kształtowanie się przekonań związanych z zachowaniami agresywnymi, jak również ich zmienność w zależności od podejmowanej roli w zachowaniu agresywnym.
Perfekcjonizm i agresja u osób uzdolnionych plastycznie
Authors: Martyna Romanowicz Martyna , Poraj Grażyna , Limiont Wiesława
Published: January 2019

Perfekcjonizm jest definiowany przez niektórych badaczy jako relacja między własnymi możliwościami i oczekiwaniami. Silna reakcja emocjonalna na rozbieżność między nimi może być nieprzystosowawcza i prowadzić nawet do zachowań agresywnych. W badaniach wzięło udział 133 studentów i absolwentów uczelni wyższych z całej Polski, w tym 67 osób o różnych specjalnościach z zakresu sztuk wizualnych. Do charakterystyki perfekcjonizmu użyto polskiej wersji Kwestionariusza Sposobu Pracy (Schuler, 1994), natomiast do opisu agresji narzędzia Inwentarz Psychologiczny Agresji (Gaś, 1980). Celem badań była analiza związku pomiędzy poszczególnymi wymiarami perfekcjonizmu, a agresją u osób uzdolnionych plastycznie. Wyniki badań wskazują, że uzdolnieni plastycznie uzyskali wyższe wyniki w zakresie niektórych wymiarów perfekcjonizmu niż osoby z grupy kontrolnej. Nie potwierdziły się założenia, że badane grupy różnią się pod względem syndromu agresji. Mężczyźni uzdolnieni plastycznie różnili się od mężczyzn z grupy kontrolnej pod względem wymiarów perfekcjonizmu oraz pod względem agresji przemieszczonej. Nie stwierdzono istotnych statystycznie różnic w zakresie perfekcjonizmu i syndromu agresji między kobietami. Ponadto płeć nie różnicowała perfekcjonizmu w grupie uzdolnionych plastycznie.
Kierunki badań nad dwujęzycznością – perspektywa psychologiczna
Authors: Zaborek Łukasz
Published: January 2019

Tekst stanowi przegląd wybranych badań na temat psychologicznych skutków dwujęzyczności, skupiając się głównie na potencjalnych korzyściach, jakie to zjawisko może nieść oraz wiedzy z badań empirycznych. Zawiera syntezę najnowszych badań psychologicznych oraz wniosków i ustaleń. Poruszane zagadnienia koncentrują się przede wszystkim na opisie zjawiska, a także definicji samego pojęcia, kryteriach opisu grupy osób dwujęzycznych oraz opisie czynników mających istotne znaczenie w nabywaniu kompetencji językowej i komunikacyjnej. W tekście odniesiono się także do aktualnych badań na temat wpływu dwujęzyczności na konkretne zdolności oraz opisano badania dotyczące związków pomiędzy dwujęzycznością a osobowością oraz dwujęzycznością a dwukulturowością. Jest to szczególnie istotne w kontekście współczesnych ruchów migracyjnych oraz globalizacji.
Konteksty szkolno-wychowawcze w badaniach nad agresją werbalną i agresywnymi formami humoru
Authors: Koszałkowska Karolina
Published: January 2019

W artykule zaprezentowano przegląd wybranych badań nad agresją werbalną i agresywnymi formami humoru obserwowanymi w środowiskach wychowawczych i edukacyjnych. Badania te uwzględniają akty agresji słownej dokonywane w klasie szkolnej i na uniwersytecie, zarówno przez uczniów, jak i nauczycieli. Szczególną uwagę poświęcono rzadko wykorzystywanemu w psychologii interpersonalnemu modelowi agresywności werbalnej (Infante, Wigley, 1986), a także typologii stylów humoru, ze szczególnym uwzględnieniem agresywnego poczucia humoru (Martin, Puhlik-Doris, Larsen, Gray, Weir, 2003). Artykuł ma także na celu wykazanie, że zjawiska humoru dyskredytującego, wrogiego oraz agresywnego stylu poczucia humoru stanowią uzupełnienie szerokiego repertuaru zachowań uznawanych za werbalnie agresywne i powinny być uwzględniane w badaniach nad agresją o charakterze werbalnym, zwłaszcza w kontekście takich zjawisk jak bullying. W zakończeniu podjęto próbę określenia praktycznych implikacji wynikających z zaprezentowanego przeglądu, jak również wskazania możliwych kierunków dalszych badań w tym zakresie.
Społeczna aprobata przemocy wobec dzieci
– obraz i dynamika w perspektywie społeczeństwa polskiego
Authors: Jarosz Ewa
Published: January 2019

Badania dotyczące społecznej akceptacji zachowań przemocy w wychowaniu są istotnym czynnikiem w działaniach na rzecz eliminacji problemu. Postawy społeczne co do wykorzystywania przemocy w celach wychowawczych stanowią istotne kulturowe tło jej występowania. Postulowane są więc przez różne raporty i rekomendacje jako pozwalające monitorować uwarunkowania problemu przemocy w wychowaniu, a pośrednio także i jego występowanie. W artykule zaprezentowano w formule raportu wyniki badań ogólnopolskich z 2017 r. realizowanych w społeczeństwie polskim oraz ukazano dynamikę podstawowych parametrów tych postaw, monitorowane przez kilka ostatnich lat. W wymiarze teoretycznego kontekstu opracowania odwołano się do najnowszych ustaleń na temat szkodliwości kar cielesnych i potrzeby działań, które eliminują problem. Dane z autorskich badań prowadzonych na zlecenie Rzecznika Praw Dziecka pokazują z jednej strony stale niepokojąco wysoki poziom aprobaty zachowań przemocy wobec dzieci wykorzystywanych w wychowaniu, z drugiej zaś korzystne tendencje spadkowe, sugerujące pokoleniowe zmiany, a także odwrót od aprobaty przemocy w dość krótkim czasie, co sugeruje efektywność stosowanych różnych działań na rzecz zmiany postaw.
Manifestaciones artísticas contra la dictadura somocista: la canción protesta y la poesía revolucionaria en Nicaragua
Authors: Amador Rordríguez Belén , Cisneros Palacios Johanna Gabriela
Published: January 2019

En este trabajo analizamos la importancia de la canción protesta y la poesía revolucionaria como instrumentos de movilización durante la revolución sandinista (1977–1979) en Nicaragua. Durante este período se desarrolló un conflicto armado que acabó con el triunfo del Frente Sandinista de Liberación Nacional (FSLN), movimiento guerrillero que desarrolló una serie de acciones que marcan un punto de inflexión en el campo de la comunicación social. Esta investigación, que parte de la necesidad de buscar nexos entre los acontecimientos políticos, militares y artísticos, se centra en la importancia de estas manifestaciones artísticas en oposición a la dictadura somocista. Para ello hemos realizado un análisis del discurso a través de una muestra significativa de piezas musicales y de poemas, pertenecientes a los cantautores Carlos y Luis Enrique Mejía Godoy y a la escritora Gioconda Belli, tres de los más importantes representantes de ambos géneros.
Política i línies d’acció de la Generalitat al primer exili a través de l’anàlisi de les seves finances. França, 1939–1940
Authors: Puigarnau Torelló Xavier
Published: January 2019

L’anàlisi de les línies d’acció i de les prioritats polítiques de la Generalitat de Catalunya a través de l’estudi de les seves finances ens aporta una imatge més clara del seu paper en el primer exili francès. Les dificultats per aconseguir recursos, causades per la permanent incapacitat d’arribar a un acord de finançament amb el Govern espanyol a l’exili, van fer que les polítiques de suport a les institucions, a la cultura i a l’assistència als refugiats catalans de base es despleguessin amb resultats minsos a curt termini i mediocres a mitjà termini. El suport de la Generalitat a la concentració física dels principals polítics i intel·lectuals catalans va ser prioritari i on va esmerçar els seus millors recursos, especialment a la residència de Montpeller. La dependència econòmica de la Generalitat respecte a les institucions republicanes a l’exili va afeblir la figura del president Companys, va contribuir amb força al seu aïllament i va facilitar, finalment, la dispersió dels exponents del catalanisme polític.
Identification of protein pockets and cavities by Euclidean Distance Transform
Authors: Daberdaku Sebastian
Published: January 2019

Protein pockets and cavities usually coincide with the active sites of biological processes, and their identification is significant since it constitutes an important step for structure-based drug design and protein-ligand docking applications. This research presents PoCavEDT, an automated purely geometric technique for the identification of binding pockets and occluded cavities in proteins based on the 3D Euclidean Distance Transform. Candidate protein pocket regions are identified between two Solvent-Excluded surfaces generated with the Euclidean Distance Transform using different probe spheres, which depend on the size of the binding ligand. The application of simple, yet effective geometrical heuristics ensures that the proposed method obtains very good ligand binding site prediction results. The method was applied to a representative set of protein-ligand complexes and their corresponding unbound protein structures to evaluate its ligand binding site prediction capabilities. Its performance was compared to the results achieved with several purely geometric pocket and cavity prediction methods, namely SURFNET, PASS, CAST, LIGSITE, LIGSITECS, PocketPicker and POCASA. Success rates PoCavEDT were comparable to those of POCASA and outperformed the other software.
Conservation and diversity in expression of candidate genes regulating socially-induced female-male sex change in wrasses
Authors: Thomas Jodi T , Todd Erica V , Muncaster Simon , Lokman P Mark , Damsteegt Erin L , Liu Hui , Soyano Kiyoshi , Gleonnec Florence , Lamm Melissa S , Godwin John R , Gemmell Neil J
Published: January 2019

Fishes exhibit remarkably diverse, and plastic, patterns of sexual development, most striking of which is sequential hermaphroditism, where individuals readily reverse sex in adulthood. How this stunning example of phenotypic plasticity is controlled at a genetic level remains poorly understood. Several genes have been implicated in regulating sex change, yet the degree to which a conserved genetic machinery orchestrates this process has not yet been addressed. Using captive and in-the-field social manipulations to initiate sex change, combined with a comparative qPCR approach, we compared expression patterns of four candidate regulatory genes among three species of wrasses (Labridae) - a large and diverse teleost family where female-to-male sex change is pervasive, socially-cued, and likely ancestral. Expression in brain and gonadal tissues were compared among the iconic tropical bluehead wrasse (Thalassoma bifasciatum) and the temperate spotty (Notolabrus celidotus) and kyusen (Parajulus poecilepterus) wrasses. In all three species, cyp19a1a (encoding gonadal aromatase that converts androgens to oestrogens) and amh (encoding anti-müllerian hormone that primarily regulates male germ cell development) were downregulated and upregulated, respectively, at the initiation of gonadal sex change, and may act concurrently to orchestrate ovary-testis transformation. In the brain, our data argue against a role for brain aromatase (cyp19a1b) in initiating behavioural sex change, as its expression trailed behavioural changes. However, we find that isotocin (it, that regulates teleost socio-sexual behaviours) expression correlated with dominant male-specific behaviours in the bluehead wrasse, suggesting it upregulation mediates the rapid behavioural sex change characteristic of blueheads and other tropical wrasses. However, it expression was not sex-biased in temperate spotty and kyusen wrasses, where sex change is more protracted and social groups may be less tightly-structured. Together, these findings suggest that while key components of the molecular machinery controlling gonadal sex change are phylogenetically conserved among wrasses, neural pathways governing behavioural sex change may be more variable.
Chronology of motor-mediated microtubule streaming
Authors: Ravichandran Arvind , Duman Özer , Hoore Masoud , Saggiorato Guglielmo , Vliegenthart Gerard A , Auth Thorsten , Gompper Gerhard
Published: January 2019

We introduce a filament-based simulation model for coarse-grained, effective motor-mediated interaction between microtubule pairs to study the time-scales that compose cytoplasmic streaming. We characterise microtubule dynamics in two-dimensional systems by chronologically arranging five distinct processes of varying duration that make up streaming, from microtubule pairs to collective dynamics. The structures found were polarity sorted due to the propulsion of antialigned microtubules. This also gave rise to the formation of large polar-aligned domains, and streaming at the domain boundaries. Correlation functions, mean squared displacements, and velocity distributions reveal a cascade of processes ultimately leading to microtubule streaming and advection, spanning multiple microtubule lengths. The characteristic times for the processes extend over three orders of magnitude from fast single-microtubule processes to slow collective processes. Our approach can be used to directly test the importance of molecular components, such as motors and crosslinking proteins between microtubules, on the collective dynamics at cellular scale.
Corrosion Behavior of Zinc–Nickel and Graphene Layered Structures on Steel Substrates
Authors: Polizos Georgios , Stehle Yijing Y. , Sharma Jaswinder , Voylov Dmitry , Vlassiouk Ivan , Shin Seungha , Meyer Harry M.
Published: January 2019

Large‐area single layers of graphene are synthesized using chemical vapor deposition techniques and are assembled onto steel substrates that are finished with a thin layer of electrodeposited zinc–nickel (ZnNi). Atomic force microscopy combined with Raman spectroscopy is used to determine the number of the assembled graphene layers and to characterize the defects in their crystal structure. The graphene‐ZnNi‐steel layered specimens are exposed to a salt‐fog environment. The defects in the structure of the graphene single layers are found to accelerate corrosion and the formation of a resistive oxide layer. The chemical composition and element map of the reacted surfaces are studied by x‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy. The electrical properties of the samples before and after the salt‐fog testing are evaluated using sheet resistance measurements.