bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Yanına Gelenlerin Hz. Peygamber’i Tanıyamadığını Gösteren Rivayetlerin Değerlendirilmesi
Authors: BAYRAM Fatih
Published: December 2023

Geleneksel peygamber tasavvuru ile modern tasavvur arasındaki çatışma alanlarından bir tanesi de Hz. Peygamber’in fiziki yapısını da içeren beşeriyeti meselesidir. Yani Hz. Peygamber yüz güzelliği de dâhil mükemmel fiziki özelliklere sahip bir beşer midir? Bu çatışmanın kendisini gösterdiği rivayet gruplarından bir tanesi de yanına gelenlerin kendisini tanıyamadığına delalet eden rivayetlerdir ve onların bir araya getirildiği bir çalışma bulunmamaktadır. Araştırmamız öncelikle bu rivayetleri tespit etmektedir. Akabinde ise hadis şerhlerinden de faydalanıp rivayet metinlerine yönelttiği sekiz soru ile onların bağlamlarını-anlamlarını göstermeye çalışmaktadır. Bu çerçevede zikredilebilecek sekiz rivayet söz konusudur. Yaşadıkları sosyo-kültürel ortam, fiziki şartlar, sahip oldukları psikoloji ve de Peygamber’in mütevazı kişiliği daha önce onu görmemiş olanların kendisini tanımalarına engel olmuş görünmektedir. Takip ettiğimiz yöntemin neticesi olarak bu rivayetler Hz. Peygamber’in beşeriyeti ve fiziki özellikleri hakkında bir hüküm veya yargıda bulunma imkânı sunmamaktadır. Tek söylenebilecek olan onun ahlaken olağanüstü bir mütevazılığa sahip olduğudur. Bunun dışında, metinler tümüyle onu görmeye gelenlerle ilgili malumat ortaya koymaktadır.
Arapça Atıf Harflerinin İslam Hukuku İhtilaflarındaki Fonksiyonu ve Önemi
Authors: DURSUN Hüseyin
Published: December 2023

Arapça'nın dil yapısı içinde "Hurûfu'l-me'ânî" olarak adlandırılan harf grupları, isimlerle fiiller arasında sıkı bir bağ kurarak cümlenin anlamlı ve yapısal olarak düzenli bir şekilde oluşmasını sağlamaktadır. Ancak, bu dilbilgisi yapılarının doğru bir biçimde kullanılmadığı durumlarda, anlamda belirsizlikler ortaya çıkabilmektedir. Dahası, bu harflerin anlamlarının seçimi, cümlenin doğru bir şekilde yorumlanmasını zorlaştırabilmektedir. "Hurûfu'l-me'ânî," İslam'ın temel kaynakları olan Kur'ân ve Sünnet metinlerinin tefsir edilmesi ve hükümlerinin çıkarılması sürecinde vazgeçilmez bir rol oynamaktadır. Bu nedenle, dilbilgisel olarak karmaşık olan bu yapılar, fıkıh usulü, tefsir ve kelâm gibi alanlarda detaylı bir şekilde incelenmektedir. Bu çalışma, "Hurûfu'l-me'ânî"nin çoklu anlam tartışmalarını ele almaktadır. Özellikle, aynı harf şeklinin farklı bağlamlarda farklı anlamlar ifade ettiği durumları incelemekteyiz. Örneğin, "vav" harfi tek bir harf gibi görünse de, âyetlerde işaret etme, yemin, durum belirtme ve mutlak cem gibi çeşitli anlamlarda kullanılabilmektedirler. Bu nedenle, fukahaların nasslardan türettikleri hükümlerde doğru anlamın belirlenmesi büyük bir öneme sahiptir. Atıf harfleri, "Hurûfu'l-me'ânî"nin bir parçasını oluşturur ve Kur'ân ve hadis metinlerinde sıkça kullanılmaktadırlar. Bu harfler, bir kelimenin veya ifadenin anlamını netleştirmek amacıyla kullanılmaktadır. Özellikle "Fî" (içinde), "ilâ" (kadar), "an" (hakkında) ve "min" (için) gibi atıf edatları, Kur'ân ve hadislerin tefsirinde kritik bir rol oynamaktadır. Bu edatlar, fıkhî meselelerin çözümünde vazgeçilmezdir. Bunun içinde fıkıh ilmi açısından büyük bir öneme sahiptir. Örneğin, bir hadis metninde geçen "min" edatının kullanımı, hadisin nasıl yorumlanacağı ve uygulanacağı konusunda farklı görüşlere yol açabilmektedir. Benzer şekilde, "ilâ" edatı da "kadar" veya "noktasına kadar" anlamlarına gelebilir, bu da bir kelimenin anlamının değişmesine neden olabilmektedir. Bu nedenle, atıf edatlarının tefsir ve yorumlama pratiğindeki kullanımı, bir kelimenin veya ifadenin anlamının belirlenmesinde hayati bir rol oynamaktadır. "Hurûfu'l-me'ânî" ve atıf harfleri, Arapça dilbilgisinin karmaşıklığını yansıtır ve İslam hukukunun doğru anlaşılması ve yorumlanmasında temel bir rol oynamaktadır. Bu yapılar, İslam hukuku alanında çalışanlar için vazgeçilmez unsur olarak fıkhî meselelerin çözümünde kritik bir öneme sahiptir.
Mektupların Yazımı, Tasnifi ve Mektuplarda Hitap Usûlüne Dair Bir Eser: Mehmed İhsan’ın Mektûbât-ı Etfâl'i
Authors: KİRAZ Seydi , ÖZER Behçet
Published: December 2023

Eskiden önemli bir iletişim aracı olan mektup; edebî işlevinin yanı sıra kişi, kurum ya da devletlerarası haberleşmenin en etkili yöntemi olarak kullanılmıştır. Mektupların yazım ve tanziminde, daha önce belirlenmiş kurallar, Osmanlı Döneminde sistematik bir yapı olan okullarda öğretilmiştir. Çalışmanın ortaya çıkmasını sağlayan Mektûbât-ı Etfâl de mektup yazmayı öğretmek amacıyla kaleme alınan bir eserdir. Bu eser, II. Abdülhamid döneminde özel okul statüsünde hizmet veren Necm-i Terakkî Mektebi’nde iptidâî ve rüştiye düzeyindeki öğrencilere okutulan bir ders kitabıdır. Kitap, 19. yüzyıl yazarlarından Mehmed İhsan tarafından kaleme alınmıştır. Bu eser, 30 sayfa olup 1899 yılında İstanbul’da basılmıştır. Eserde, Osmanlı Türkçesini doğru öğrenmenin ehemmiyeti hakkında kısa bir bilgi verilmiş, “Usûl-i Tahrîr” başlığı altında yazım kurallarından söz edilmiş, “Envâ-ı Mektûbât” bölümünde ise mektup türleri ve tanımları üzerinde durulmuştur. Bu çalışmada mektup türü, çocuk kavramı ve çocuk eğitiminin önemi hakkında bilgi verildikten sonra eserin müellifi tespit edilmeye çalışılmış, eser, Latinize edilerek muhteva özellikleri tahlil edilmiştir.
Study of urban edge for the intervention of informal settlements in the southwest periphery of Guayaquil
Authors: Seis Luis , Quimi Bohorquez Oswaldo Henry , Campoverde Tabara Laura Marien , Plua Marcillo Alfredo Javier , Briones Macias Juan Carlos , Palacios Murillo Jamil Ignacio
Published: December 2023

The urban fabric of Guayaquil is intertwined with the meanders of the Guayas River, where estuaries such as Puerto Lisa, as a scene of prone in-formal settlements on the banks of the estuary, have challenged urban planning and generated a negative impact on the environment and quality of life of their habitants. This article arises in response to the challenges posed by the invasion of estuaries due to informal construction practices, which have triggered a dis-parity between the urban environment and the ecosystem. We face the urgency of addressing this problem that has transcended local borders to become a glob-al phenomenon that affects developing cities. The Puerto Lisa estuary, located in the suburb of Guayaquil, has become an epicenter of these transformations, experiencing accelerated growth of settlements that challenge the sustainability and quality of life of its inhabitants. The relevance of this research lies in the search for strategies that make appropriate land use compatible, satisfying the needs of the community, and at the same time revitalizing the natural landscape of the Puerto Lisa estuary. It is a call to rethink urban planning, promoting sus-tainable development that harmonizes urban growth with environmental preser-vation. Throughout these pages, we will explore the current conditions of in-formal settlements, identify key challenges and problems, and propose a com-prehensive reorganization plan. It is concluded that the integration of the estu-ary generates integration of the public space of human settlements and promotes productive local development by articulating new regularized housing processes in safe areas of the estuary.
ON THE QUESTION OF THE IMPLEMENTATION OF THE CONSTITUTIONAL AND LEGAL FOUNDATIONS WITHIN THE FRAMEWORK OF THE INSTITUTE OF INSOLVENCY (BANKRUPTCY) IN THE RUSSIAN FEDERATION
Authors: Павлов С.Ю. , Шайдуллин В.Ф.
Published: December 2023

Рассмотрена сущность института несостоятельности (банкротства) в разрезе соответствия конституционным основам в Российской Федерации. Актуальность тематики исследования обуславливается необходимостью в оптимизации института несостоятельности (банкротства) a posteriori, а также тем положением, что судебные процедуры банкротства граждан производятся с учетом положений конституционно-правовых основ. Надлежащая регламентация финансовых правоотношений, в том числе и отдельных аспектов регулирования процедуры несостоятельности (банкротства), представляется ключевым направлением деятельности государства по обеспечению конституционных положений. В научной статье, авторы проводят анализ некоторых аспектов юридической регламентации сущности института несостоятельности (банкротства), определяют соответствие процедурного порядка банкротства действующим конституционно-правовым основам в Российской Федерации, производят сопоставление между теоретической и практической сторонами данного вопроса.

Within the framework of these research studies, the essence of the institute of insolvency (bankruptcy) was considered in the context of compliance with the constitutional foundations in the Russian Federation, enshrined in the Constitution of the Russian Federation. The relevance of the research topic is determined by the need to optimize the institution of insolvency (bankruptcy) a posteriori, as well as the provision that judicial procedures for bankruptcy of citizens are carried out taking into account the provisions of the constitutional and legal framework. Proper regulation of financial legal relations, including certain aspects of the regulation of the insolvency (bankruptcy) procedure, is a key area of the state’s activity to ensure constitutional provisions. Within the framework of this scientific article, the authors analyze some aspects of the legal regulation of the essence of the institution of insolvency (bankruptcy), determine the compliance of the bankruptcy procedure with the current constitutional and legal foundations in the Russian Federation, make a comparison between the theoretical and practical sides of this issue.
TERAPIA DE ANTICOAGULAÇÃO EM RECÉM-NASCIDOS: UMA REVISÃO INTEGRATIVA
Authors: Silva José Vitor Mota de Moura , Moita Antonino Neto Coelho , Hasegawa Luciana Eda Maximiano , Nunes Mouta Alba Angélica , Lopes Matheus Orany Abreu Sousa , Gomes Samuel Abreu , Vasconcelos Alysson Leunam Meneses , Mesquita Adriano Joab Meneses
Published: December 2023

Os recém-nascidos (RN) tem o sistema de coagulação imaturo, só se regulariza no primeiro ano de vida, podendo ocorrer de forma tardia em cardiopatas.  A necessidade do uso de terapia anticoagulante em RN vem aumentando nos últimos anos, mas ainda existem poucos estudos voltados para a população pediátrica, o que dificulta a padronização da droga de escolha e o ajuste da posologia. Trata-se de uma revisão de literatura integrativa sobre a terapia de anticoagulação em recém-nascidos. A trombose é um efeito de rara ocorrência em pacientes jovens, o grupo mais associado com esse evento (dentre os jovens) são os recém-nascidos. Dentre as drogas com ação anticoagulante, a mais utilizada nessa faixa etária é a heparina, por ser o fármaco que possui mais estudos comprovando a melhor ação e segurança dessas drogas. No entanto, ainda existe uma dificuldade no uso dessa droga, porque elas atuam se ligando as proteínas plasmáticas, e estas são reduzidas nos recém-nascidos. A heparina está fortemente associada a efeitos adversos na população pediátrica, por isso diversos estudos vêm sendo conduzidos para avaliar a eficácia do uso de anticoagulantes orais, como a varfarina e a dabigatrana. Existem poucos estudos que abordem a anticoagulação na pediatria, e os estudos que existem sobre o tema abordam apenas a heparina. Existem estudos em andamento que utilizam os fármacos orais e que trazem expectativas da liberação do uso dessas drogas para a faixa etária pediátrica nos próximos anos.
Enhancing Industrial Automation through Efficient Technology Management in Society
Authors: Aithal P. S.
Published: December 2023

Purpose: The accelerated advancement of technology has revolutionized industries across the globe, enabling unprecedented levels of automation and efficiency. An in-depth examination of the vital field of technology management and its crucial part in orchestrating the smooth automation of primary, secondary, tertiary, and quaternary industries is provided in this study. Information, communication, and computation technologies (ICCT underlying technologies) and nanotechnologies are included in the broad range of Universal technologies of the 21st century that fall under the purview of technology management. The first point made in the article is how crucial good technology management is to the success of industrial automation. It looks at how technology management techniques have changed to meet the varied and dynamic nature of contemporary industries. Design/Methodology/Approach: ICCT can be used to connect and coordinate processes, as well as for intelligent decision-making. Additionally, the potential of nanotechnologies for precise and miniature automation components is being explored. Examining the intricacies related to technology integration, scalability, and sustainability, key challenges and opportunities in technology management are examined. Findings/Result: The paper provides insights into best practices for matching organizational goals and strategies with technology management, emphasizing the necessity for flexible frameworks that can adjust to changing market demands. Based on the proposed developments of Super Intelligent Machines and technology-based singularity, and their impact on Industrial Automation, the consequences of socio-economic and environmental effects of technology-driven automation in companies are also covered in this article, highlighting the significance of ethical and sustainable technology management. It emphasizes the requirement for moral concerns, skill development, and laws that guarantee a fair transition to automated industrial processes while minimizing potential negative effects. Originality/Value: In summary, competent technology management forms the basis for the successful automation of industries in all spheres of society. This paper includes a comprehensive overview of the principles, strategies, and applications of technology management along with ABCD analysis emphasizing the potential for transformative change in the landscape of modern industries in all four sectors and the pressing need to ensure ethical and sustainable practices. Type of paper: Exploratory Research.
İKİ SAVAŞ ARASI DÖNEMDE (1920-1939) TÜRKİYE CUMHURİYETİ VE SOVYETLER BİRLİĞİ ARASINDAKİ İLİŞKİLERİN TÜRK ARŞİV BELGELERİ IŞIĞINDA İNCELENMESİ
Authors: EMİROĞLU Atiye
Published: December 2023

Rusya’da Birinci Dünya Savaşı bitmeden devrilen Çarlık rejimi yerine tüm Dünyanın özellikle güçlü ülkelerin dikkatini üzerine çeken yeni bir rejim kurularak Bolşevik rejimi adı altında, Dünya siyasetinde yer edinilmeye çalışılmıştır. Buna paralel olarak Osmanlı Devletinden aldığı mirasla millet egemenliğine dayalı demokratik ve cumhuriyetçi ilkeler doğrultusunda milli bir devlet olarak inşa edilen Türkiye Cumhuriyeti Devleti, bağımsız bir devlet olduğunu kanıtlayarak Dünya siyasetinde yer edinmeye çalışmıştır. Bu süreçte her iki devletin savundukları fikirler ve inşa etmeye çalıştıkları sistemler birbirinden farklı olsa da aynı güçlere karşı verdikleri mücadelede birlikte yan yana hareket etmeyi kabul etmişlerdir. Aralarında zuhur eden her türlü olumsuz gelişmenin tamiri adına iki devletin de anlayışlı hareket ettiğini söylemek mümkündür. Bu süre zarfında birbirlerine faydası dokunacak adımlar atmaları, iki devlet açısından olumlu sonuçlar doğurmuştur. Nitekim Türk Kurtuluş Savaşında Rusya’nın sağladığı maddi desteğin önemi, Kurtuluş Savaşı mücadelesi yürüten kadronun içine düştüğü ekonomik bunalımın büyüklüğü göz önüne alınarak anlaşılabilir. Halkın yıllardır süren savaşlardan madden ve manen yorgun düşmüş olması, yine Rusya gibi bir ülkenin Türk bağımsızlık mücadelesine verdiği desteğin önemini, anlamayı kolaylaştıracaktır. Çalışmada, Rusya ve Türkiye arasında imzalanan anlaşmaların Türkiye’deki ekonomik, sosyal ve kültürel alanlardaki etkileri incelenmiştir. Kaynak kullanımında arşiv belgeleri temel alınmış ve konuyla ilgili yapılan telif ve tetkik eserlere yer verilmiştir.
On the Staying Power of a Literary Classic: A Review of Lolita in the Afterlife: On Beauty, Risk, and Reckoning with the Most Indelible and Shocking Novel of the Twentieth Century (2021)
Authors: Tamás Péter
Published: December 2023

This article is a review of the collection of essays Lolita in the Afterlife, which examines to what extent recent public discussions of consent and power (such as the #MeToo movement) have impacted the reception of Vladimir Nabokov’s novel Lolita. The authors of the essays tend to record their emotional responses and draw on personal experiences to analyze their growing reluctance to inhabit Humbert’s point of view. The volume gives space for differing opinions, which inevitably creates an interesting dialog between contributors. Regrettably, there is very little dialog with prior Nabokov scholarship, and the analyses seem to retread some of the ground already covered by earlier critics. Yet, if the volume is aimed at the general reading audience rather than Nabokov experts and if its main goal is to document the staying power of the novel (and this seems to be the case), it is certainly successful.
Comentario a la ponencia del Dr. Juan José Llach - Panel "Economía y fiscalidad"
Authors: Regalsky Andrés
Published: December 2023

Como ya ha señalado Noemí Girbal-Blacha, nuestros comentarios están planteados sobre los tres trabajos de Juan José Llach más comprometidos con el análisis histórico y con el período especifico de que tratan estas Jornadas. En el caso que me atañe, centraré mis comentarios en los dos primeros artículos, “Dependencia, procesos sociales y control del Estado en la década del treinta” y “El Plan Pinedo, su significado histórico y los orígenes de la economía política del peronismo”, publicados en la revista Desarrollo Económico en 1972 y 1984, respectivamente.
Globalni izziv lokalnega značaja: načrtovanje Unrrinega programa za hrano in kmetijsko obnovo na primeru Jugoslavije
Authors: Ajlec Kornelija
Published: December 2023

Besedilo raziskuje globalne izzive na področju oskrbe, s katerimi se je Uprava Združenih narodov za pomoč in obnovo (UNRRA) soočala med in po drugi svetovni vojni, s posebnim poudarkom na Jugoslaviji in Balkanu. Obravnava dve glavni fazi oskrbnih operacij UNRRA, pri čemer izpostavlja težave pri nabavi, politiko »praznih polic« ZDA ter prizadevanja za ponovno zagotavljanje zalog. Besedila poudarja ključno vlogo UNRRA pri preprečevanju lakote, zagotavljanju pomoči. spodbujanju obnove kmetijstva v vojni prizadetih regijah ter trajnemu vplivu Unrrinih operacij na področju proizvodnje hrane.
Uma análise da qualidade das notificações de violência na Superintendência Regional de Saúde Centro-Sul do Distrito Federal: contribuições para integralidade do cuidado
Authors: Gouveia da Silva Aline , Cristina Mantovani Thais , Simoni de Zappa Passeto Andrea
Published: December 2023

Objetivo: Analisar a qualidade das notificações de violência no âmbito de uma Superintendência Regional de Saúde do Distrito Federal, entre os anos de 2014 a 2021. Métodos: Trata-se de um estudo observacional descritivo transversal, mediante dados secundários e natureza quantitativa. Resultados: Os níveis de atenção à saúde obtiveram aumento nas taxas de notificação, com destaque para atenção secundária. No entanto, apenas os campos obrigatórios e não condicionados da ficha de notificação apresentaram um grau de incompletude excelente, com exceção do campo Motivação. Entre as variáveis selecionadas, identidade de Gênero destaca-se com as maiores taxas de incompletude. Conclusões: Observou-se que o aumento nas taxas de notificação de violência não esteve acompanhado da qualidade de preenchimento dos campos não-obrigatórios, condição que impacta o cuidado integral alinhado em rede.
PENGARUH METODE SGD TERHADAP MOTIVASI BELAJAR PAI SISWA KELAS X SMA PLUS YADAJA PENUNTUT
Authors: Haris Yogi Sopian , Zulkifli Muh , Arifin Zainul
Published: December 2023

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menginvestigasi pengaruh Small group discussion  terhadap motivasi belajar Pendidikan Agama Islam pada siswa kelas X di SMA Plus YADAJA selama tahun pelajaran 2022/2023. Small group discussion  dianggap sebagai salah satu pendekatan pembelajaran yang dapat meningkatkan keterlibatan siswa dan motivasi mereka dalam pembelajaran PAI. Penelitian ini menggunakan desain eksperimen semu dengan kelompok kontrol. Sampel penelitian terdiri dari dua kelompok: kelompok eksperimen yang menerapkan Small group discussion  dalam pembelajaran PAI dan kelompok kontrol yang menggunakan metode konvensional. Data dikumpulkan melalui Angket/kuesioner yang mengukur tingkat motivasi belajar siswa sebelum dan setelah perlakuan. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa penggunaan Small group discussion  secara signifikan meningkatkan motivasi belajar siswa dalam mata pelajaran PAI. Hal ini dapat di lihat nilai taraf signifikansi (2-tailed) yaitu 0,039 < 0,05 artinya H0 ditolak dan Ha diterima. Juga dapat di lihat dari Perbandingan nilai r hitung dengan r table yaitu 2,237 > 0,632 artinya H0 ditolak dan Ha di terima yaitu Ada Pengaruh Small Group Discousioun Terhadap Motivasi Belajar Siswa Kelas X SMA Plus YADAJA Penuntut. Berdasarkan hasil pengolahan data diatas diperoleh nilai Mean Different nya 8, 600 nilainya positif artinya pengaruh yang di timbulkan oleh small group discousioun terhadap motivasi belajar bersifat positif.
Marine carbohydrates in Arctic aerosol particles and fog – diversity of oceanic sources and atmospheric transformations
Authors: Zeppenfeld Sebastian , van Pinxteren Manuela , Hartmann Markus , Zeising Moritz , Bracher Astrid , Herrmann Hartmut
Published: December 2023

Abstract. Carbohydrates, originating from marine microorganisms, enter the atmosphere as part of sea spray aerosol (SSA) and can influence fog and cloud microphysics as cloud condensation nuclei (CCN) or ice-nucleating particles (INP). Particularly in the remote Arctic region, significant knowledge gaps persist about the sources, the sea-to-air transfer mechanisms, atmospheric concentrations, and processing of this substantial organic group. In this ship-based field study conducted from May to July 2017 in the Fram Strait, Barents Sea, and central Arctic Ocean, we investigated the sea-to-air transfer of marine combined carbohydrates (CCHO) from concerted measurements of the bulk seawater, the sea surface microlayer (SML), aerosol particles and fog. Our results reveal a wide range of CCHO concentrations in seawater (22–1070 µg L−1), with notable variations among different sea-ice-related sea surface compartments. Enrichment factors in the sea surface microlayer (SML) relative to bulk water exhibited variability in both dissolved (0.4–16) and particulate (0.4–49) phases, with the highest values in the marginal ice zone (MIZ) and aged melt ponds. In the atmosphere, CCHO was detected in super- and submicron aerosol particles (CCHOaer,super: 0.07–2.1 ng m−3; CCHOaer,sub: 0.26–4.4 ng m−3) and fog water (CCHOfog,liquid: 18–22 000 µg L−1; CCHOfog,atmos: 3–4300 ng m−3). Enrichment factors for sea–air transfer varied based on assumed oceanic emission sources. Furthermore, we observed rapid atmospheric aging of CCHO, indicating both biological/enzymatic processes and abiotic degradation. This study highlights the diverse marine emission sources in the Arctic Ocean and the atmospheric processes shaping the chemical composition of aerosol particles and fog.
Towards a more reliable forecast of ice supersaturation: concept of a one-moment ice-cloud scheme that avoids saturation adjustment
Authors: Sperber Dario , Gierens Klaus
Published: December 2023

Abstract. A significant share of aviation's climate impact is due to persistent contrails. Thus, avoiding the creation of contrails that exert a warming impact is a crucial step in approaching the goal of sustainable air transportation. For this purpose, a reliable forecast of when and where persistent contrails are expected to form is needed (i.e. a reliable prediction of ice supersaturation). With such a forecast at hand, it would be possible to plan aircraft routes on which the formation of persistent contrails can be avoided. One problem on the way to these forecasts is the current systematic underestimation of the frequency and degree of ice supersaturation at cruise altitudes in numerical weather prediction due to the practice of “saturation adjustment”. In this common parameterisation, the air inside cirrus clouds is assumed to be exactly at ice saturation, while measurement studies have found cirrus clouds to be quite often out of equilibrium. In this study, we propose a new ice-cloud scheme that overcomes saturation adjustment by explicitly modelling the decay of the in-cloud humidity after nucleation, thereby allowing for both in-cloud super- and subsaturation. To achieve this, we introduce the in-cloud humidity as a new prognostic variable and derive the humidity distribution in newly generated cloud parts from a stochastic box model that divides a model grid box into a large number of air parcels and treats them individually. The new scheme is then tested against a parameterisation that uses saturation adjustment, where the stochastic box model serves as a benchmark. It is shown that saturation adjustment underestimates humidity, both shortly after nucleation, when the actual cloud is still highly supersaturated, and also in aged cirrus if the temperature keeps decreasing, as the actual cloud remains in a slightly supersaturated state in this case. The new parameterisation, on the other hand, closely follows the behaviour of the stochastic box model in any considered case. The improvement in comparison with saturation adjustment is largest if slow updraughts occur in relatively clean air in models with a high spatial and temporal resolution. We conclude that our parameterisation is promising but needs further testing in more realistic frameworks.
A searchable database and mass spectral comparison tool for the Aerosol Mass Spectrometer (AMS) and the Aerosol Chemical Speciation Monitor (ACSM)
Authors: Jeon Sohyeon , Walker Michael J. , Sueper Donna T. , Day Douglas A. , Handschy Anne V. , Jimenez Jose L. , Williams Brent J.
Published: December 2023

Abstract. The Aerodyne Aerosol Mass Spectrometer (AMS) and Aerosol Chemical Speciation Monitor (ACSM) are the most widely applied tools for in situ chemical analysis of the non-refractory bulk composition of fine atmospheric particles. The mass spectra (MS) of many AMS and ACSM observations from field and laboratory studies have been reported in peer-reviewed literature and many of these MS have been submitted to an open-access website. With the increased reporting of such datasets, the database interface requires revisions to meet new demands and applications. One major limitation of the web-based database is the inability to automatically search the database and compare previous MS with the researcher's own data. In this study, a searchable database tool for the AMS and ACSM mass spectral dataset was built to improve the efficiency of data analysis using Igor Pro, consistent with existing AMS and ACSM software. The database tool incorporates the published MS and sample information uploaded on the website. This tool allows the comparison of a target mass spectrum with the reference MS in the database, calculating cosine similarity, and provides a range of MS comparison plots, reweighting, and mass spectrum filtering options. The aim of this work is to help AMS and ACSM users efficiently analyze their own data for possible source or atmospheric processing features by comparison to previous studies, enhancing information gained from past and current global research on atmospheric aerosol.
Precipitation extremes in Ukraine from 1979 to 2019: Climatology, large-scale flow conditions, and moisture sources
Authors: Agayar Ellina , Aemisegger Franziska , Armon Moshe , Scherrmann Alexander , Wernli Heini
Published: December 2023

Abstract. Understanding extreme precipitation events (EPEs) and their underlying dynamical processes and moisture transport patterns is essential to mitigate EPE-related risks. In this study, we investigate the dynamics of 75 EPEs (≥ 100 mm day-1) over the territory of Ukraine in the recent decades (1979–2019), of which the majority occurred in summer. The EPEs are identified based on precipitation observations from 215 meteorological stations and posts in Ukraine. The atmospheric variables for the case study analysis of selected EPEs and for climatological composites and trajectory calculations were taken from ERA5 reanalyses. Moisture sources contributing to the EPEs in Ukraine are identified with kinematic backward trajectories and the subsequent application of a moisture source identification scheme based on the humidity mass budget along these trajectories. The large-scale atmospheric circulation associated with EPEs was studied for a selection of representative EPEs in all seasons and with the aid of composites of all events per season. Results show that EPEs in summer occur all across Ukraine, but in other seasons EPE hotspots are mainly in the Carpathians and along the Black and Azov Seas. All EPEs were associated with a surface cyclone, and most with an upper-level trough, except for the winter events that occurred in situations with very strong westerly jets. Isentropic potential vorticity anomalies associated with EPEs in Ukraine show clear dipole structures in all seasons, however, interestingly with a different orientation of these anomaly dipoles between seasons. The analysis of moisture sources revealed a very strong case-to-case variability and often a combination of local and remote sources. Oceanic sources dominate in winter, but land evapotranspiration accounts for 60–80 % of the moisture that rains out in EPEs in the other seasons. Taken together, these findings provide novel insight into large-scale characteristics of EPE in Ukraine, in a region with a unique geographical setting and with moisture sources as diverse as Newfoundland, the Azores, the Caspian Sea, and the Arctic ocean.
The Largely Linear Response of Earth’s Ice Volume to Orbital Forcing
Authors: Wheen Liam , Benjamin Oscar , Gernon Thomas , Hall Cameron , Wright Jerry
Published: December 2023

Abstract. Orbital forcing plays a key role in pacing the glacial-interglacial cycles. However, the mechanistic linkages between the orbital parameters — eccentricity, obliquity, and precession — and global ice volume remain unclear. Here, we investigate the effect of Earth’s orbitally governed incoming solar radiation (that is, insolation) on global ice volume over the past 800,000 years. We consider a simple linear model of ice volume that imposes minimal assumptions about its dynamics. We find that this model can adequately reproduce the observed ice volume variations for most of the past 800,000 years, with the notable exception of Marine Isotope Stage 11. This suggests that, aside from a few extrema, the ice volume dynamics primarily result from an approximately linear response to orbital forcing. We substantiate this finding by addressing some of the key criticisms of the orbitally forced hypothesis. In particular, we show that eccentricity can significantly vary the ocean temperature without the need for amplification on Earth. We also present a feasible mechanism to explain the absence of eccentricity’s 400,000 year period in the ice volume data. This requires part of the forcing from eccentricity to be lagged via a slow-responding mechanism, resulting in a signal that closer approximates the change in eccentricity. A physical interpretation of our model is proposed, using bulk ocean and surface temperatures as intermediate mechanisms through which the orbital parameters affect ice volume. These show reasonable alignment with their relevant proxy data, though we acknowledge that these variables likely represent a combination of mechanisms.
Assessing the tropical Atlantic biogeochemical processes in the Norwegian Earth System Model
Authors: Koseki Shunya , Crespo Lander R. , Tjiputra Jerry , Fransner Filippa , Keenlyside Noel S. , Rivas David
Published: December 2023

Abstract. State-of-the-art Earth system models exhibit large biases in their representation of the tropical Atlantic hydrography, with potential large impacts on both climate and ocean biogeochemistry projections. This study investigates how biases in model physics influences marine biogeochemical processes in the tropical Atlantic using the Norwegian Earth System Model (NorESM). We assess four different configurations of NorESM: NorESM1 is taken as benchmark (NorESM1-CTL) that we compare against the simulations with (1) a physical bias correction and against (2 and 3) two configurations of the latest version of NorESM with improved physical and biogeochemical parameterizations with low and intermediate atmospheric resolutions, respectively. With respect to NorESM1-CTL, the annual-mean sea surface temperature (SST) bias is reduced largely in the first and comparably third simulations in the equatorial and southeast Atlantic. In addition, the SST seasonal cycle is improved in all three simulations, resulting in more realistic development of the Atlantic Cold Tongue in terms of location and timing. Corresponding to the cold tongue seasonal cycle, the marine primary production in the equatorial Atlantic is also improved and in particular, the Atlantic summer bloom is well represented during June to September in all three simulations. The more realistic summer bloom can be related to the well-represented shallow thermocline and associated nitrate supply from the subsurface ocean at the equator. The climatological intense outgassing of sea-air CO2 flux in the western basin is also improved in all three simulations. Improvements in the climatology mean state also lead to better representation of primary production and sea-air CO2 interannual variability associated with the Atlantic Niño and Niña events. We stress that physical process and its improvement are responsible for modeling the marine biogeochemical process as the first simulations, where only climatological surface ocean dynamics are corrected, provides the better improvements of marine biogeochemical processes.
The Indonesian Throughflow circulation under solar geoengineering
Authors: Shen Chencheng , Moore John C. , Kuswanto Heri , Zhao Liyun
Published: December 2023

Abstract. The Indonesia Throughflow (ITF) is the only low-latitude channel between the Pacific and Indian oceans, and its variability has important effects on global climate and biogeochemical cycles. Climate models consistently predict a decline in ITF transport under global warming, but it has not yet been examined under solar geoengineering scenarios. We use standard parameterized methods for estimating the ITF – the Amended Island Rule and buoyancy forcing – to investigate the ITF under the SSP2-4.5 and SSP5-8.5 greenhouse gas scenarios and the geoengineering experiments G6solar and G6sulfur, which reduce net global mean radiative forcing from SSP5-8.5 levels to SSP2-4.5 levels using solar dimming and sulfate aerosol injection strategies, respectively. Six-model ensemble-mean projections for 2080–2100 show reductions of 19 % under the G6solar scenario and 28 % under the G6sulfur scenario relative to the historical (1980–2014) ITF, which should be compared with reductions of 23 % and 27 % under SSP2-4.5 and SSP5-8.5. Despite standard deviations amounting to 5 %–8 % for each scenario, all scenarios are significantly different from each other (p<0.05) when the whole 2020–2100 simulation period is considered. Thus, significant weakening of the ITF occurs under all scenarios, but G6solar more closely approximates SSP2-4.5 than G6sulfur does. In contrast with the other three scenarios, which show only reductions in forcing due to ocean upwelling, the G6sulfur experiment shows a large reduction in ocean surface wind stress forcing accounting for 47 % (38 %–65 % across the model range) of the decline in wind + upwelling-driven ITF transport. There are also reductions in deep-sea upwelling in extratropical western boundary currents.
A Global Forest Burn Severity Dataset from Landsat Imagery (2003–2016)
Authors: He Kang , Shen Xinyi , Anagnostou Emmanouil N.
Published: December 2023

Abstract. Forest fires, while destructive and dangerous, are important to the functioning and renewal of ecosystems. Over the past two decades, large-scale, severe forest fires have become more frequent globally, and the risk is expected to increase as fire weather and drought conditions intensify. To improve quantification of the intensity and extent of forest fire damage, we have developed a Global Forest Burn Severity (GFBS) database of information on the amounts of biomass that were consumed by fire between 2003 and 2016. To build it, we used the Fire Atlas product to determine when and where forest fires occurred during that period and then overlaid the available Landsat surface reflectance products to obtain pre-fire and post-fire normalized burn ratios (NBRs) for each burned pixel, designating the difference between them as dNBR and the relative difference as RdNBR. Using the CONUS-wide Composite Burn Index (CBI) as a ground truth, we evaluated the performance of GFBS relative to the performance of the existing MODIS-based global burn severity dataset (MOSEV). The results showed that dNBR of GFBS was more strongly correlated with CBI (R2 = 0.4) than dNBR of MOSEV (R2 = 0.08). RdNBR of GFBS also exhibited better agreement with CBI (R2 = 0.31) than RdNBR of MOSEV (R2 = 0.04). At global scale, while the dNBR and RdNBR spatial patterns extracted by GFBS were similar to those of MOSEV, MOSEV tended to provide higher burn severity levels than GFBS. We attribute this difference to variations in reflectance values and the different spatial resolutions of the two satellites.
Neighbouring time ensemble Kalman filter (NTEnKF) data assimilation for dust storm forecasting
Authors: Pang Mijie , Jin Jianbing , Arjo Segers , Jiang Huiya , Han Wei , Xia Ji , Fang Li , Li Jiandong , Lin Hai Xiang , Liao Hong
Published: December 2023

Abstract. Dust storms pose significant threats to human health and property. Accurate forecasting is crucial for taking precautionary measures. Dust models have suffered from uncertainties from emission and transport factors. Data assimilation can help refine biased models by incorporating available observations, leading to improved analyses and forecasts. The Ensemble Kalman Filter (EnKF) is a widely-used assimilation algorithm that effectively tunes models, particularly in terms of intensity adjustment. However, when the position of the simulation does not align consistently with the observations which is referred to as position error, the EnKF algorithm struggles. This is because its background covariance normally represents intensity uncertainty, while the positional errors in the long distance transport are difficult to be quantified and were usually neglected. In this paper, we propose a novel Neighboring Time Ensemble Kalman Filter (NTEnKF). In addition to the original ensembles quantifying dust loading variation, this methodology introduces extra ensembles from neighboring time for describing the potential spread of dust position. The enlarged ensemble captures both intensity and positional errors, allowing observations to be thoroughly resolved into the assimilation calculations. We tested this method on three major dust storm events that occurred in spring 2021. The results show that position error significantly degraded dust forecasting in terms of RMSE and NMB, and hindered the EnKF from assimilating valid observations. In contrast, the NTEnKF yielded substantial improvements in both dust analysis fields and forecasts compared to the EnKF.
Surface-subsurface interaction analysis and the influence of precipitation spatial variability on a lowland mesoscale catchment
Authors: Sardar Faisal , Ali Muhammad Haris , Popescu Ioana , Jonoski Andreja , van Andel Schalk Jan , Bertini Claudia
Published: December 2023

Abstract. The hydrology of the catchments is primarily shaped by the intricate and dynamic interactions between surface water and groundwater. This is particularly evident in lowland catchments, where these interactions assume a complex nature. This study investigated the complex interaction between surface water and groundwater in the transboundary catchment Aa of Weerijs, shared by the Netherlands and Belgium. A hydrological model, MIKE SHE coupled with MIKE 11, was calibrated and validated over twelve years using streamflow, groundwater levels, and evapotranspiration data. The model performance was analyzed using model efficiency parameters i.e., correlation coefficient and Nash-Sutcliffe Efficiency coefficient. The model performed well, with satisfactory simulations of streamflow, groundwater levels, and evapotranspiration dynamics. Groundwater levels rose in winter and declined from April to September due to increased evapotranspiration in summer. Precipitation drove the water balance, with 60 % lost through evapotranspiration. Base flow from subsurface drainage networks significantly contributed to river water. Spatial variability in precipitation minimally impacted streamflow but caused localized fluctuations in groundwater levels. Higher spatial resolution precipitation data led to fluctuations due to local recharge points, yet overall catchment hydrology was unaffected. The findings highlight the importance of surface water-groundwater interactions in lowland catchments. The developed model provides insights for water resource planning and climate change adaptation in the catchment.
Prediction of absolute unsaturated hydraulic conductivity – comparison of four different capillary bundle models
Authors: Peters Andre , Iden Sascha C. , Durner Wolfgang
Published: December 2023

Abstract. To model water, solute, and energy transport in porous media, it is essential to have accurate information about the soil hydraulic properties (SHPs), i.e., the water retention curve (WRC) and the soil hydraulic conductivity curve (HCC). It is important to have reliable data to parameterize these models, but equally critical is the selection of appropriate SHP models. While various expressions for the WRC are frequently compared, the capillary conductivity model proposed by Mualem (1976a) is widely used but rarely compared to alternatives. The objective of this study was to compare four different capillary bundle models in terms of their ability to accurately predict the HCC without scaling the conductivity function by a measured conductivity value. The four capillary bundle models include two simple models proposed by Burdine (1953) and Alexander and Skaggs (1986), which assume a bundle of parallel capillaries with tortuous flow paths, and two more sophisticated models based on statistical cut-and-random-rejoin approaches, namely those proposed by Childs and Collis-George (1950) and the aforementioned model of Mualem (1976a). To examine how the choice of the WRC parameterization affects the adequacy of different capillary bundle models, we utilized four different capillary saturation models in combination with each of the conductivity prediction models, resulting in 16 SHP model schemes. All schemes were calibrated using 12 carefully selected data sets that provided water retention and hydraulic conductivity data over a wide saturation range. Subsequently, the calibrated models were tested and rated by their ability to predict the hydraulic conductivity of 23 independent data sets of soils with varying textures. The statistical cut-and-random-rejoin models, particularly the Mualem (1976a) model, outperformed the simpler capillary bundle models in terms of predictive accuracy. This was independent of the specific WRC model used. Our findings suggest that the widespread use of the Mualem model is justified.
Recovery of an initial temperature of a one-dimensional body from finite time-observations
Authors: Karki Ramesh , Shawn Chava , You Young
Published: December 2023

Under the Dirichlet boundary setting, Aryal and Karki (2022) studied an inverse problem of recovering an initial temperature profile from known temperature measurements at a fixed location of a one-dimensional body and at linearly growing finitely many later times within a bounded interval. This paper studies the problem under the Neumann boundary conditions. That is, under this boundary setting, we suitably select a fixed location x0 on the body of length π and construct finitely many times tk, k = 1, 2, 3, . . . , n that grow linearly with k and are in [0, T] such that from the temperature measurements taken at x0 and at these n times, we recover the initial temperature profile f(x) with a desired accuracy, provided f is in a suitable subset of L2[0, π].
Evaluación de servicios ecosistémicos mediante la coparticipación de stakeholders. Una retrospectiva para el caso de los bosques
Authors: González-Yebra Óscar , Schoenemann Marina , Tolón Becerra Alfredo
Published: December 2023

En las últimas décadas se ha incrementado la investigación en materia de evaluación de servicios ecosistémicos (SE), aunque en general se ha centrado en el análisis biofísico y económico sin prestar atención a la componente social. El propósito de este estudio es explorar cómo se valoran los SE desde un enfoque sociocultural, incluyendo la coparticipación de diferentes grupos de interés (stakeholders). Para ello se ha realizado un análisis sistemático de la literatura científica indexada en las bases de datos Scopus y Web of Science. A partir de la revisión bibliográfica, se han podido establecer las características y servicios que predominan en las evaluaciones socioculturales, y, por otro lado, se ha detectado una carencia de estudios en el marco de los parques naturales/protegidos y los bosques mediterráneos. Es por ello, que los hallazgos obtenidos podrían servir como referencia en el planteamiento de estudios de evolución, planificación y futuras actuaciones políticas sobre sostenibilidad y concienciación medioambiental.
Eğitim Sürecinin Aşamaları ve Kurumsal Stratejilere Göre Eğitim Uygulamaları
Authors: Türkçü Tahir
Published: December 2023

Abstract Education provides very important benefits to the organization. However, one fact that should not be forgotten is that education is not a goal, but a tool for achieving goals. Training on any subject of an organization; quality, customer satisfaction, production errors, work accidents, etc. it is the most important of the tools he uses to meet his needs. During the implementation of the training program, the general opinion is to make a list of the available trainings in the field and make a choice among them in accordance with the wishes of employees or managers. This will not be enough to solve the current problem. The correct thing is to analyze the organization, the employee and the job to find the weak link and plan and implement a training program to eliminate it. The organization of the training function, the amount and type of training are also influenced by the degree of integration of corporate units, global presence, business conditions, recruitment strategy, human resource planning, degree of specialization, managers, staff and human resources personnel participating in training and development. The degree to which the units or jobs of the organization are integrated affects the degree of education. In a highly integrated job, staff need to understand other units, services and products in the organization. Probably, the training covers the transformation of the staff between different jobs so that they understand the totality of the job Decently. In organizations with global operations, training is used to prepare personnel for temporary or long-term overseas missions. Key Words: Training Process, Corporate Strategy, Training Applications