bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Quality of Life of Young Gastric Cancer Survivors: An Interpretation in the Context of Our Society
Authors: Lee Seung Soo
Published: December 2023

Background and Objectives: This retrospective case-control study aimed to investigate the quality of life (QoL) of young gastric cancer survivors and determine what should be pursued to obtain the best QoL for them after surgery. Materials and Methods: Patients with stage I gastric cancer who underwent distal subtotal gastrectomy were included. The European Organization for Research and Treatment of Cancer Quality of Life questionnaires were used to assess QoL. The QoL outcomes of younger (age 30–49 years, n = 76) and older (age 50–69 years, n = 232) groups were compared preoperatively, 3 months, and 1 year postoperatively. Results: There was no statistically significant difference in the preoperative QoL except for the physical functioning scale, which favored the younger group (p = 0.020). This difference remained significant throughout the postoperative periods (3 months, p = 0.002; 1 year, p = 0.004). Better QoL was found for the younger group according to the body image scale (p = 0.031). However, it was limited to the 3-month postoperative assessment. Persistent QoL disadvantages for the younger group were revealed by the diarrhea scale at the 3-month (p = 0.007) and 1-year (p = 0.005) postoperative assessments. Conclusions: While young gastric cancer survivors enjoyed better QoL in physical functioning and body image, worse QoL was related to diarrhea after surgery. Despite ever-rising concerns about QoL deterioration in elderly patients in our aged society, young gastric cancer survivors also need QoL support.
Mode of Delivery and Neonatal Outcomes of Preterm Deliveries: A Retrospective Study in Greece
Authors: Mitta Kyriaki , Tsakiridis Ioannis , Kapetanios Georgios , Pavlaki Antigoni , Tarnanidis Efthymios , Dagklis Themistoklis , Athanasiadis Apostolos , Mamopoulos Apostolos
Published: December 2023

Background and Objectives: Preterm birth is a significant concern in obstetrics and neonatology since preterm neonates are at higher risk of various health complications and may require specialized care. The optimal mode of delivery in preterm birth is a matter of debate. This study aimed to evaluate the mode of delivery in preterm neonates and the associated neonatal outcomes. Material and Methods: This was a retrospective cohort study including all preterm neonates born between January 2010 and December 2020 at the 3rd Department of Obstetrics & Gynecology of Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Greece. The mode of delivery in relation to gestational age groups and the cause of preterm birth were analyzed. Neonatal outcomes were also evaluated according to gestational age, indication and mode of delivery. Results: A total of 1167 preterm neonates were included in the study; the majority of them were delivered via cesarean section (76.1%). Most of the preterm neonates (n = 715; 61.3%) were delivered at 32+0–36+6 weeks, while cesarean section was the most common mode of delivery after 28+0 weeks. Furthermore, spontaneous onset of labor (OR: 6.038; 95% CI: 3.163–11.527; p < 0.001), multiple gestation (OR: 1.782; 95% CI: 1.165–2.227; p = 0.008) and fetal distress (OR: 5.326; 95% CI: 2.796–10.144; p < 0.001) were the main causes of preterm delivery at 32+0–36+6 weeks. The overall mortality rate was 8.1% among premature neonates. Regarding morbidity, 919 (78.7%) neonates were diagnosed with respiratory disorders, 129 (11.1%) with intraventricular hemorrhage and 30 (2.6%) with necrotizing enterocolitis. Early gestational age at delivery was the main risk factor of neonatal morbidity and mortality. Notably, the mode of delivery did not have any impact on neonatal survival (OR: 1.317; 95% CI: 0.759–2.284; p = 0.328), but preterm neonates born via cesarean section were at higher risk of respiratory disorders, compared to those born via vaginal delivery (OR: 2.208; 95% CI: 1.574–3.097; p < 0.001). Conclusions: Most preterm deliveries occurred in the moderate-to-late preterm period via cesarean section. Early gestational age at delivery was the main prognostic factor of neonatal morbidity and mortality, while the mode of delivery did not have any impact on neonatal survival. Future research on the mode of delivery of the preterm neonates is warranted to establish definitive answers for each particular gestational age.
Effect of Dissolved Oxygen Content on Tribo-Corrosion Behavior of Monel 400 Alloy in Seawater
Authors: Zhu Yuhua , Wang Jianzhang , Liu Hao , Ren Pengwei , Yan Fengyuan
Published: December 2023

When serving in the marine environment, the corrosion of metals is inevitably affected by marine environmental factors, especially dissolved oxygen. This will affect the service life of metal in the marine environment. In this paper, a friction- and wear-testing machine, an electrochemical workstation, and a dissolved oxygen/temperature control system are employed to systematically study the influence of dissolved oxygen (DO) content on the tribo-corrosion characteristics of Monel 400 alloy in seawater. The results show that the DO content has a remarkable effect on the tribo-corrosion behavior of Monel 400 alloy. The corrosion of Monel 400 alloy increases with the increase in DO content, leading to the thickness of corrosion product increasing at higher DO contents. The corrosion product is mainly composed of Ni(OH)2, Cu2O, CuO, and Cu(OH)2. While the corrosion of Monel 400 alloy further affects the wear rate of the alloy, when the corrosion is inhibited, the change of DO content has no effect on the wear rate of Monel 400 alloy. In addition, the inhibition influence of corrosion on mechanical wear is found, which is attributed to the excellent lubrication performance of corrosion products.
Tensile Behavior and Microstructure Evolution of an Extruded 6082 Aluminum Alloy Sheet at High Temperatures
Authors: Qiu Sawei , Xia Erli , Liu Limei , Ye Tuo , Liu Jie , Tang Jian , Liu Wei , Wu Yuanzhi
Published: December 2023

The hot tensile behavior of an extruded 6082 alloy sheet at varying temperatures and strain rates was investigated by a Gleeble3500 thermal simulation testing machine. The optical microscope (OM), scanning electron microscope (SEM), transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and X-ray diffraction (XRD) were applied to observe the microstructure evolution. It is found that the flow stress of the studied alloy declines with increasing deformation temperature. When deformed at high temperatures, the density of dislocation decreases obviously. In addition, precipitate coarsening occurs, resulting in a decrease in deformation resistance. The dimple number of the fracture samples increases with temperature and the size of the dimple becomes deeper, exhibiting an excellent plasticity. The 6082 sheet presents anisotropy of mechanical behavior at 300 °C, this can be attributed to the fibrous grain and the Brass component {011}<211>. The anisotropic behavior seems to be slighter with an increase in temperature. No obvious anisotropic behavior was found when tensiled at 400 °C. Because it is easier to activate the slip system at elevated temperatures, meanwhile, the recrystallization begins to occur at 400 °C.
Development of Mischmetal-(FeCo)-B Ribbons with Improved Magnetic Properties by Addition of Si
Authors: Grigoras Marian , Lostun Mihaela , Ababei Gabriel , Porcescu Marieta , Stoian George , Lupu Nicoleta
Published: December 2023

In order to develop mischmetal-based permanent magnets with a high performance/cost ratio, Si addition was employed to enhance the magnetic performance of the MM16Fe76-xCo2SixB6 (x = 0–1.5%) ribbons. The ribbons were manufactured by a melt-spinning technique at different velocities. Samples were studied in an as-cast state and after annealing. It was found that the addition of Si in the MM16Fe76-xCo2SixB6 ribbons increased the exchange interaction between Fe atoms in the 2:14:1 phase, reduced the crystal grain size, and increased the exchange coupling between the crystal grains; as a result, the magnetic properties were improved. The coercivity and Curie temperature increased with the increasing Si content from x = 0 to x = 1.5 at%, while the remanence and energy product increased with the addition of Si up to 1% and decreased with further Si addition. The best combination of magnetic properties, such as coercivity of Hc = 8.9 kOe, remanence Mr = 98 emu/g, Curie temperature Tc = 257 °C, and energy product (BH)max = 13.84 MGOe, were obtained in ribbons with 1.0 at. % Si. Thus, it is demonstrated that the addition of Si leads to an improvement of the magnetic properties of MM16Fe76-xCo2SixB6 ribbons, making them good candidates as precursors for the preparation of permanent magnets with an energy product between that of ferrites and Nd-Fe-B magnets.
Genome-Wide Identification of Cotton MicroRNAs Predicted for Targeting Cotton Leaf Curl Kokhran Virus-Lucknow
Authors: Ashraf Muhammad Aleem , Brown Judith K. , Iqbal Muhammad Shahzad , Yu Naitong
Published: December 2023

Cotton leaf curl Kokhran virus (CLCuKoV) (genus, Begomovirus; family, Geminiviridae) is one of several plant virus pathogens of cotton (Gossypium hirsutum L.) that cause cotton leaf curl disease in Pakistan. Begomoviruses are transmitted by the whitefly Bemisia tabaci cryptic species group and cause economic losses in cotton and other crops worldwide. The CLCuKoV strain, referred to as CLCuKoV-Bur, emerged in the vicinity of Burewala, Pakistan, and was the primary causal virus associated with the second CLCuD epidemic in Pakistan. The monopartite ssDNA genome of (2.7 Kb) contains six open reading frames that encode four predicted proteins. RNA interference (RNAi)-mediated antiviral immunity is a sequence-specific biological process in plants and animals that has evolved to combat virus infection. The objective of this study was to design cotton locus-derived microRNA (ghr-miRNA) molecules to target strains of CLCuKoV, with CLCuKoV-Lu, as a typical CLCuD-begomovirus genome, predicted by four algorithms, miRanda, RNA22, psRNATarget, and RNA hybrid. Mature ghr-miRNA sequences (n = 80) from upland cotton (2n = 4x = 52) were selected from miRBase and aligned with available CLCuKoV-Lu genome sequences. Among the 80 cotton locus-derived ghr-miRNAs analyzed, ghr-miR2950 was identified as the most optimal, effective ghr-miRNA for targeting the CLCuKoV-Lu genome (nucleotide 82 onward), respectively, based on stringent criteria. The miRNA targeting relies on the base pairing of miRNA–mRNA targets. Conservation and potential base pairing of binding sites with the ghr-miR2950 were validated by multiple sequence alignment with all available CLCuKoV sequences. A regulatory interaction network was constructed to evaluate potential miRNA–mRNA interactions with the predicted targets. The efficacy of miRNA targeting of CLCuKoV was evaluated in silico by RNAi-mediated mRNA cleavage. This predicted targets for the development of CLCuD-resistant cotton plants.
Pore Structure and Fractal Characteristics of the Middle and Upper Permian Dalong and Gufeng Shale Reservoirs, Western Hubei Province, South China
Authors: Wang Yi , Zhang Yanlin , Dong Tian , Duan Ke , Wen Jianhang , Zhang Hao , Xie Tong , Luo Fan
Published: December 2023

The Middle and Upper Permian Dalong and Gufeng Formations in South China have recently been considered as potential gas-producing shales. However, their pore structure characteristics remain poorly understood. To investigate the pore structure and fractal characteristics of the pores in these two formations, a suite of shale samples from the Dalong and Gufeng Formations in the western Hubei Province, South China were analyzed by multiple techniques, namely, TOC content, X-ray diffraction (XRD) mineralogy analysis, optical microscopy observations, major elemental analysis, field emission-scanning electron microscopy (FE-SEM), and low-pressure gas adsorption measurements (N2 and CO2). The identified major shale lithofacies include siliceous mudstone, carbonaceous mudstone, argillaceous-siliceous mixed mudstone, and calcareous-siliceous mixed mudstone. SEM images show that the dominant pore types include the pores between brittle minerals, slit-shaped pores between clay sheets, and secondary organic matter (OM) pores within solid bitumen. The pore size distribution is dominated by micropores and mesopores (<30 nm), which are the major contributors to total pore volume and surface area for the Dalong and Gufeng Formations. Based on the Frenkel–Halsey–Hill (FHH) method, fractal dimensions (D1, D2) calculated from the nitrogen adsorption data have a range of from 2.489 to 2.772 (D1) and from 2.658 to 2.963 (D2), and are higher in the Gufeng Formation (average TOC = 8.3 wt.%) due to a higher TOC content comparing to the Dalong Formation (average TOC = 6.2 wt.%). The pore development and fractal characteristics are primarily controlled by organic matter (OM), carbonate minerals, and clay minerals for both the Dalong and Gufeng Formations. Shale samples with high TOC content, low carbonate content, and high clay content tend to develop more heterogeneous micropores and mesopores, which is ascribed to the generation of clay-related and OM-hosted pores, along with the destruction of primary pores by pore-filling carbonate cements.
Hydrocarbon Geological Characteristics and Factors Controlling Hydrocarbon Accumulation of Jurassic Da’anzhai Continental Shale
Authors: Fang Rui , Jiang Yuqiang , Luo Yao , Wang Zhanlei , Jiang Chan , Li Shun , Qi Lin , Yan Xueying
Published: December 2023

Continental shale in China is a key exploration target with regard to unconventional hydrocarbons. Systematic research on the mineral composition, organic geochemistry, and hydrocarbon mobility has been performed in the Da’anzhai (J1dn) lacustrine shale oil reservoirs, clarifying the factors controlling shale oil accumulation. The results suggest that J1dn consists of three sub-members, with an organic-rich interval developed within the second sub-member. Three types of lithological associations have developed within the organic-rich interval: Type 1 represents the interbedding relationship between shale and shell limestone and Type 2 represents shale with intercalated limestone, followed by Type 3. The brittleness index of the J1dn continental organic-rich shale is relatively low. The porosity of the Da’anzhai lacustrine shale ranges between 0.5% and 10.5% (average value of 5.89%). The porosity is predominantly due to inorganic pores, with a small amount being attributable to nanoscale microfractures and organic pores. The average porosity of the shell limestone is only 1.2%, but fractures at the micron and centimeter scales are well developed. The organic matter in the J1dn continental shale is mainly II1–II2, with maturity in the oil generation stage. The average oil saturation of the J1dn continental shale is 3.15%, with most samples having oil saturation of less than 4%. The J1dn continental shale has great exploration potential with regard to shale oil. Type 1 shale oil is affected by multiscale fractures, including bedding fractures, and has the best mobility. The high hydrocarbon generation capacity of lacustrine shale, coupled with the multiscale fractures within shell limestone and shale, is the principal controlling factor for hydrocarbon enrichment. Based on exploration practices, the Type 1 shale association may represent the optimal interval for future shale oil exploration in the Da’anzhai Member.
Optimal Multi-Sensor Obstacle Detection System for Small Fixed-Wing UAVs
Authors: Portugal Marta , Marta André C.
Published: December 2023

The safety enhancement of small fixed-wing UAVs regarding obstacle detection is addressed using optimization techniques to find the best sensor orientations of different multi-sensor configurations. Four types of sensors for obstacle detection are modeled, namely an ultrasonic sensor, laser rangefinder, LIDAR, and RADAR, using specifications from commercially available models. The simulation environment developed includes collision avoidance with the Potential Fields method. An optimization study is conducted using a genetic algorithm that identifies the best sensor sets and respective orientations relative to the UAV longitudinal axis for the highest obstacle avoidance success rate. The UAV performance is found to be critical for the solutions found, and its speed is considered in the range of 5–15 m/s with a turning rate limited to 45°/s. Forty collision scenarios with both stationary and moving obstacles are randomly generated. Among the combinations of the sensors studied, 12 sensor sets are presented. The ultrasonic sensors prove to be inadequate due to their very limited range, while the laser rangefinders benefit from extended range but have a narrow field of view. In contrast, LIDAR and RADAR emerge as promising options with significant ranges and wide field of views. The best configurations involve a front-facing LIDAR complemented with two laser rangefinders oriented at ±10° or two RADARs oriented at ±28°.
Electrochemical Sensor for Tryptophan Determination Based on Trimetallic-CuZnCo-Nanoparticle-Modified Electrodes
Authors: Arvinte Adina , Lungoci Ana-Lacramioara , Coroaba Adina , Pinteala Mariana
Published: December 2023

The superior properties of electrodeposited trimetallic CuZnCo nanoparticles, arising from the synergistic effect of combining the unique features of metallic components, were confirmed using voltametric measurements. The surface morphology and structure of the as-prepared electrocatalysts were determined using scanning electron microscopy, energy-dispersive X-ray, and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy techniques. Here, the trimetallic CuZnCo nanoparticles were synthesized as a powerful redox probe and highly efficient signal amplifier for the electrochemical oxidation of tryptophan. Differential pulse voltammetry studies showed a linear relationship with a tryptophan concentration of 5–230 μM, and the low detection limit was identified at 1.1 μM with a sensitivity of 0.1831 μA μM−1 cm−2.
Magnetic Persimmon Leaf Composite: Preparation and Application in Magnetic Solid-Phase Extraction of Pesticides in Water Samples
Authors: Zang Yuyue , Hang Na , Sui Jiale , Duan Senlin , Zhao Wanning , Tao Jing , Li Songqing
Published: December 2023

In recent years, the utilization of biomass materials for the removal and detection of water pollutants has garnered considerable attention. This study introduces, for the first time, the preparation of Fe3O4/persimmon leaf magnetic biomass composites. The magnetic composites were employed in a magnetic solid-phase extraction method, coupled with gas chromatography-electron capture detection (GC-ECD), for the analysis of four pesticides (trifluralin, triadimefon, permethrin, and fenvalerate) in environmental water samples. The innovative magnetic persimmon leaf composites were synthesized by in situ generation of Fe3O4 nanoparticles through coprecipitation and loaded onto persimmon leaves. These composites exhibit superparamagnetism with a saturation magnetization of 12.8 emu g−1, facilitating rapid phase separation using a magnetic field and reducing the extraction time to 10 min. Desorption can be achieved within 30 s by aspirating 20 times, eliminating the need for time-consuming and labor-intensive experimental steps like filtration and centrifugation. The specific surface area of the magnetic composite adsorbent increased from 1.3279 m2 g−1 for the original persimmon leaf to 5.4688 m2 g−1. The abundant hydroxyl and carboxyl groups on the composites provide ample adsorption sites, resulting in adsorption capacities ranging from 55.056 mg g−1 to 73.095 mg g−1 for the studied pesticides. The composites exhibited extraction recoveries ranging from 80% to 90% for the studied pesticides. Compared to certain previously reported MSPE methods, this approach achieves equivalent or higher extraction recoveries in a shorter operation time, demonstrating enhanced efficiency and convenience. Good linearity of the target analytes was obtained within the range of 0.75–1500 μg L−1, with a determination of coefficient (R2) greater than 0.999. These findings contribute to the use of magnetic persimmon leaf biomass materials as effective and environmentally friendly adsorbents for pollutant determination in water samples.
Valorizing Tree-Nutshell Particles as Delivery Vehicles for a Natural Herbicide
Authors: Kim Jong H. , Chan Kathleen L. , Hart-Cooper William M. , Ford DeAngela , Orcutt Kaydren , Palumbo Jeffrey D. , Tam Christina C. , Orts William J.
Published: December 2023

The United States is a principal producer of tree nuts (almonds, pistachios, and walnuts), resulting in the generation of excess of tree-nutshell by-products each year, with few market outlets. A nutshell is an essential, lignocellulosic layer that protects a kernel (seed) from the environment during cultivation. The objective of this study was to develop nutshell by-products as herbicide delivery systems, which would not only enable sustainable weed control in fields but also increases nutshell value and reduce the cost of waste disposal. We recently identified a natural salicylaldehyde (SA) that emits volatiles with both herbicidal and antifungal properties. In this study, walnut shell particles saturated with 0.8 to 1.6 M SA were developed as delivery vehicles for SA to soil, which allowed for the controlled release of an SA fumigant for weed control. The pre- and post-emergent herbicidal efficacy of SA was investigated using model monocot (Lolium arundinaceum (Schreb.) Darbysh; turfgrass) and dicot (Brassica rapa var. pekinensis; Chinese cabbage) plants. We compared (1) the effects of different types of solvents for dissolving SA (dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO) and ethanol (60%, v/v)), and (2) the effect of covering soil with plastic layers (i.e., soil pasteurization) or not covering soil during SA fumigation using nutshells. Results: In the pre-emergent herbicidal testing with the soil covered, the dicot plants exhibited levels of higher susceptibility to SA in DMSO emitted from nutshells when compared to the monocot plants. The seed germination frequencies in the dicots were 15% and 1% with 0.8 and 1.6 M SA, respectively, while those in the monocots were 32% and 18%, respectively, under the same test conditions. In the post-emergent herbicidal testing with the soil covered, the growth of both the monocot and dicot plants was completely prevented after 5 to 7 days of SA fumigation, resulting in the deaths of entire plants. It was noteworthy that in the post-emergent herbicidal testing, SA dissolved in ethanol (60%, v/v) completely disrupted the growth of the monocot and dicot plants as early as 3 days after SA emission from the nutshells, even without the soil being covered. Tree-nutshell particles could serve as effective SA delivery vehicles with controlled release capabilities for SA. The SA exhibited pre- and post-emergent herbicidal activities against the monocot and dicot plants at most growth stages. SA (0.8 and 1.6 M) dissolved in ethanol (60%, v/v) might exert a synergism for higher herbicidal activity after emission from nutshells. Since tree nuts capture/store a substantial amount of carbon over their life-cycles, the new and sustainable utility of using nutshells not only reduces carbon emissions but also valorizes tree-nut by-products, thus benefitting the tree-nut industry.
Controlled Growth of WO3 Photoanode under Various pH Conditions for Efficient Photoelectrochemical Performance
Authors: Yoo Seung-Je , Kim Dohyun , Baek Seong-Ho
Published: December 2023

Herein, the effects of the precursor solution’s acidity level on the crystal structure, morphology, nucleation, and growth of WO3·nH2O and WO3 nanostructures are reported. Structural investigations on WO3·nH2O using X-ray diffraction and Fourier–transform infrared spectroscopy confirm that the quantity of hydrate groups increases due to the interaction between H+ and water molecules with increasing HCl volume. Surface analysis results support our claim that the evolution of grain size, surface roughness, and growth direction on WO3·nH2O and WO3 nanostructures rely on the precursor solution’s pH value. Consequently, the photocurrent density of a WO3 photoanode using a HCl-5 mL sample achieves the best results with 0.9 mA/cm2 at 1.23 V vs. a reversible hydrogen electrode (RHE). We suggest that the improved photocurrent density of the HCl-5 mL sample is due to the efficient light absorption from the densely grown WO3 nanoplates on a substrate and that its excellent charge transport kinetics originate from the large surface area, low charge transfer resistance, and fast ion diffusion through the photoanode/electrolyte interface.
Surface Properties of Ti65Zr Alloy Modified with TiZr Oxide and Hydroxyapatite
Authors: Nahum Elinor Zadkani , Lugovskoy Alex , Lugovskoy Svetlana , Sobolev Alexander
Published: December 2023

Titanium-zirconium dioxide nanostructures loaded by hydroxyapatite were produced on the surface of Ti65Zr alloy. The alloy was treated by anodization with the subsequent immersion in calcium glycerophosphate (CG) solutions. The resulting surfaces present TiO2-ZrO2 nanotubular (TiZr-NT) structures enriched with hydroxyapatite (HAP). The nanotube texture is expected to enhance the surface’s corrosion resistance and promote integration with bone tissue in dental implants. The TiZr-NT structure had a diameter of 73 ± 2.2 nm and a length of 10.1 ± 0.5 μm. The most favorable result for the growth of HAP in Hanks’ balanced salt solution (Hanks’ BSS) was obtained at a CG concentration of 0.5 g/L. Samples soaked in CG at a concentration of 0.5 g/L demonstrated in a decrease of the contact angles to 25.2°; after 3 days of exposure to Hanks’ BSS, the contact angles further reduced to 18.5°. The corrosion studies also showed that the TiZr-NT structure soaked in the CG = 0.5 g/L solution exhibited the best corrosion stability.
Planimetric and Volumetric Brainstem MRI Markers in Progressive Supranuclear Palsy, Multiple System Atrophy, and Corticobasal Syndrome. A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis
Authors: Brinia Maria-Evgenia , Kapsali Ioanna , Giagkou Nikolaos , Constantinides Vasilios C.
Published: December 2023

Background: Various MRI markers—including midbrain and pons areas (Marea, Parea) and volumes (Mvol, Pvol), ratios (M/Parea, M/Pvol), and composite markers (magnetic resonance imaging Parkinsonism Indices 1,2; MRPI 1,2)—have been proposed as imaging markers of Richardson’s syndrome (RS) and multiple system atrophy–Parkinsonism (MSA-P). A systematic review/meta-analysis of relevant studies aiming to compare the diagnostic accuracy of these imaging markers is lacking. Methods: Pubmed and Scopus were searched for studies with >10 patients (RS, MSA-P or CBS) and >10 controls with data on Marea, Parea, Mvol, Pvol, M/Parea, M/Pvol, MRPI 1, and MRPI 2. Cohen’s d, as a measure of effect size, was calculated for all markers in RS, MSA-P, and CBS. Results: Twenty-five studies on RS, five studies on MSA-P, and four studies on CBS were included. Midbrain area provided the greatest effect size for differentiating RS from controls (Cohen’s d = −3.10; p < 0.001), followed by M/Parea and MRPI 1. MSA-P had decreased midbrain and pontine areas. Included studies exhibited high heterogeneity, whereas publication bias was low. Conclusions: Midbrain area is the optimal MRI marker for RS, and pons area is optimal for MSA-P. M/Parea and MRPIs produce smaller effect sizes for differentiating RS from controls.
Exploring the Impact of Onobrychis cornuta and Veratrum lobelianum Extracts on C. elegans: Implications for MAPK Modulation, Germline Development, and Antitumor Properties
Authors: Meng Qinghao , Pathak Nishit , Ren Xiaojing , Borris Robert P. , Kim Hyun-Min
Published: December 2023

In an era of increasing interest in the potential health benefits of medicinal foods, the need to assess their safety and potential toxicity remains a critical concern. While these natural remedies have garnered substantial attention for their therapeutic potential, a comprehensive understanding of their effects on living organisms is essential. We examined 316 herbal extracts to determine their potential nematocidal attributes in Caenorhabditis elegans. Approximately 16% of these extracts exhibited the capacity to induce diminished survival rates and larval arrest, establishing a correlation between larval arrest and overall worm viability. Certain extracts led to an unexpected increase in male nematodes, accompanied by a discernible reduction in DAPI-stained bivalent structures and perturbed meiotic advancement, thereby disrupting the conventional developmental processes. Notably, Onobrychis cornuta and Veratrum lobelianum extracts activated a DNA damage checkpoint response via the ATM/ATR and CHK-1 pathways, thus hindering germline development. Our LC–MS analysis revealed jervine in V. lobelianum and nine antitumor compounds in O. cornuta. Interestingly, linoleic acid replicated phenotypes induced by O. cornuta exposure, including an increased level of pCHK-1 foci, apoptosis, and the MAPK pathway. Mutants in the MAPK pathway mitigated the decline in worm survival, underscoring its importance in promoting worm viability. This study reveals complex interactions between herbal extracts and C. elegans processes, shedding light on potential antitumor effects and mechanisms. The findings provide insights into the complex landscape of herbal medicine’s impact on a model organism, offering implications for broader applications.
Long-Term Management of Patients with Mild Urea Cycle Disorders Identified through the Newborn Screening: An Expert Opinion for Clinical Practice
Authors: Burlina Alberto , Gasperini Serena , la Marca Giancarlo , Pession Andrea , Siri Barbara , Spada Marco , Ruoppolo Margherita , Tummolo Albina
Published: December 2023

Urea cycle disorders (UCDs) are a group of rare inborn errors of metabolism caused by a deficiency in one of the six enzymes or one of the two transporters involved in the urea cycle. Current guidelines suggest that early diagnosis and treatment of mild UCDs may improve survival and prevent decompensation and neurocognitive impairment. Nevertheless, clinical studies are very difficult to carry out in this setting due to the rarity of the diseases, and high-level evidence is scant and insufficient to draw conclusions and provide clinical guidelines. With the early introduction of newborn screening, the Italian healthcare organization fostered an advancement in expertise in metabolic disease management and screening programs, by allocating resources, and favoring the expansion of newborn screening. A group of experts operating in Italian centers decided to share their experience and provide advice for the management of mild UCDs in clinical practice. A consensus was reached by the Estimate–Talk–Estimate (ETE) method. Five items were identified, and statements for each item were agreed. Briefly, the panel advised completing the diagnosis by expanded newborn screening (ENS) with biochemical and genetic confirmation and by following up with the patient during the first year of life, with a routine laboratory and metabolic profile as well as with clinical observation. Early initiation of therapy is advised and should be followed by therapy adjustment once the diagnostic profile is completed. The therapy should be based on a low-protein diet and nitrogen scavengers. The long-term follow-up is based on growth and nutritional assessment, clinical and neurocognitive evaluation, and laboratory and instrumental parameter monitoring.
Influence of the Results of Control of Intakes, Proteins and Anthropometry Nutritional Screening, Sarcopenia and Body Composition on the Clinical Evolution of Hospitalized Patients
Authors: Márquez Mesa Elena , Suárez Llanos José Pablo , Afonso Martín Patricia Mercedes , Negrín Carla Brito , García Ascanio María , González González Samuel , Llorente Gómez de Segura Ignacio
Published: December 2023

(1) Background: Hospital malnutrition and sarcopenia are common in inpatients and are associated with worse prognosis. Our objective is to determine the association of the positivity of CIPA (Control of Intakes, Proteins and Anthropometry) nutrition screening tool and sarcopenia and evaluate its prognostic implications (length of stay, readmissions and mortality) as well as different components of body composition. (2) Methodology: Cross-sectional single-center study and prospective six months follow-up for prognostic variables. On admission, CIPA and EWGSOP2 criteria were assessed. (3) Results: Four hundred inpatients, a median of 65.71 years old and 83.6% with high comorbidity, were evaluated. In total, 34.8% had positive CIPA and 19.3% sarcopenia. Positive CIPA and sarcopenia had worse results in body composition (fat mass (FM), fat-free mass (FFM) and appendicular skeletal muscle mass index (ASMI)) and dynamometry. Positive CIPA is significantly associated with worse prognosis (mortality (OR = 1.99), readmissions (OR = 1.86) and length of stay (B = 0.19)). Positive CIPA and sarcopenia combined are associated with a tendency to higher mortality (OR = 2.1, p = 0.088). Low hand grip strength (HGS) is significantly related to a higher length of stay (B = −0.12). (4) Conclusions: In hospitalized patients, malnutrition independently and combined with sarcopenia is associated with a worse prognosis but not body composition. Low HGS is related to a higher length of stay.
Utility of an In-Vitro Micro-Neutralizing Test in Comparison to a Plaque Reduction Neutralization Test for Dengue Virus, Japanese Encephalitis Virus, and Zika Virus Serology and Drug Screening
Authors: Haga Kazumi , Chen Zhenying (Nancy) , Himeno Misao , Majima Ryuichi , Moi Meng Ling
Published: December 2023

Flavivirus infections, including dengue virus (DENV), Japanese encephalitis virus (JEV), and Zika virus (ZIKV), present significant global public health challenges. For successful vaccine design, the assessment of neutralizing antibody activity requires reliable and robust methodologies for determining antibody titers. Although the plaque reduction neutralization test (PRNT) is commonly acknowledged as the gold standard, it has limitations in terms of time and cost, and its usage may be limited in resource-limited settings. To address these challenges, we introduced the micro-neutralization test (MNT) as a simplified alternative to the PRNT. The MNT employs a 96-well plate format, conducts microscale neutralization assays, and assesses cell viability by dissolving cells to create a uniform color solution, which is measured with a spectrometer. In this study, we evaluated the utility of the MNT by contrasting the end-point titers of the MNT and PRNT using 4 monoclonal antibodies, 15 non-human primate serum samples, and 2 therapeutic drug candidates across flaviviruses. The results demonstrated a strong correlation between the MNT and PRNT titers, affirming the robustness and reproducibility of the MNT for evaluating control measures against flaviviruses. This research contributes valuable insights toward the development of a cost-effective antibody titer testing approach that is particularly suitable for resource-limited settings.
Dual Role of Vitamin C-Encapsulated Liposomal Berberine in Effective Colon Anticancer Immunotherapy
Authors: Mianowska Martyna , Zaremba-Czogalla Magdalena , Zygmunt Adrianna , Mahmud Mohamed , Süss Regine , Gubernator Jerzy
Published: December 2023

The aim of the study was to achieve effective colon anticancer immunotherapy using the alkaloid berberine. In the presented paper we attempt to develop a formulation of berberine loaded into liposomal carriers using the vitamin C gradient method, characterized by efficient drug encapsulation, high stability during long-term storage, low drug release in human plasma with specific cytotoxicity towards colon cancer cells. Liposomal berberine was responsible for the induction of oxidative stress, the presence of Ca2+ ions in the cytosol, the reduction of Δψm, and ATP depletion with a simultaneous lack of caspase activity. Moreover, treatment with liposomal berberine led to CRT exposure on the surface of cancer cells, extracellular ATP, and HMGB1 release. The above-described mechanism of action was most likely associated with ICD induction, contributing to the increased number of phagocytic cancer cells. We have shown that cancer cells treated with liposomal berberine were phagocytosed more frequently by macrophages compared to the untreated cancer cells. What is more, we have shown that macrophage pre-treatment with liposomal berberine led to a 3-fold change in the number of phagocytosed SW620 cancer cells. The obtained results provide new insights into the role of berberine in maintaining the immune response against colorectal cancer.
Sinomenium acutum Modulates Platelet Aggregation and Thrombus Formation by Regulating the Glycoprotein VI-Mediated Signalosome in Mice
Authors: Kim Yeon-Ji , Kim Tae In , Lee Ami , Kim Kyungho , Hwang Youn-Hwan
Published: December 2023

Sinomenium acutum (SA) has long been used as a traditional medicine in China, Japan, and Korea to treat a wide range of diseases. It has been traditionally used to ameliorate inflammation and improve blood circulation. However, its role in platelet activation has not been thoroughly investigated. Hence, we conducted this study to assess the potential inhibitory effect of SA on platelet aggregation and thrombus formation. The antiplatelet activities of SA were evaluated by assessing platelet aggregation, granular secretion, intracellular Ca2+ mobilization, and the Glycoprotein (GP) VI-mediated signalosome. The thrombosis and bleeding time assays were used to investigate the effect of SA (orally administered at 50 and 100 mg/kg for seven days) in mice. SA treatment at concentrations of 50, 100, and 200 μg/mL significantly reduced GPVI-mediated platelet aggregation, granular secretion, and intracellular Ca2+ mobilization. Further biochemical studies revealed that SA inhibited spleen tyrosine kinase, phospholipase Cγ2, phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase, and AKT phosphorylation. Interestingly, oral administration of SA efficiently ameliorated FeCl3-induced arterial thrombus formation without prolonging the tail bleeding time. These findings suggest that SA has beneficial effects in thrombosis and hemostasis. Therefore, SA holds promise as an effective therapeutic agent for the treatment of thrombotic diseases.
Cancer-Chemotherapy-Related Regimen Checks Performed by Pharmacists of General Hospitals Other than Cancer Treatment Collaborative Base Hospitals: A Multicenter, Prospective Survey
Authors: Ueki Daisuke , Suzuki Shinya , Ohta Takahiro , Shinohara Akira , Ohashi Yasukata , Konuma Daisuke , Ryushima Yasuaki , Udagawa Ryoko , Motoshige Hironori , Ieoka Masahiro , Taji Akihiro , Kogure Yuuki , Hiraike Mikako , Uoi Miyuki , Ino Kazuhiko , Kawasaki Toshikatsu , Yamaguchi Masakazu
Published: December 2023

Although prescription review is an important role for pharmacists in anticancer drug therapy, there are no guidelines in Japan that specify what pharmacists should check for in chemotherapy regimens. This prospective multicenter survey aimed to investigate the implementation of chemotherapy regimen checks by pharmacists in general hospitals by focusing on 19 recommended confirmation items designed to enhance chemotherapy safety. This study involved 14 hospitals within the National Hospital Organization in different regions of Japan. The top five cancers in Japan (gastric, colorectal, lung, breast, and gynecological) were targeted and specific chemotherapy regimens were analyzed. This study assessed the amount of time required for regimen checks, the number of confirmation items completed, the number and the content of inquiries raised regarding prescriptions, and the pharmacists’ opinions using a questionnaire that had a maximum score of 10 points. Pharmacists checked 345 and 375 chemotherapies of patients in the control group (CG) and recommended items group (RIG), respectively. The mean time periods required for completing a chemotherapy regimen check were 4 min and 14 s (SD ±1 min and 50 s) and 6 min and 18 s (SD, ±1 min and 7 s) in the CG and RIG, respectively. The mean of the recommended items for the CG = 12.4 and for the RIG = 18.6. The items that the pharmacists did not confirm included urine protein (sixty-nine cases, 18.4%), allergy history (four cases, 1%), previous history (two cases, 0.5%), and a previous history of hepatitis B virus (sixty-nine cases, 18.4%). The number of inquiries for a doctor’s prescription order was higher in the RIG than in the CG (41 vs. 27 cases). This multicenter survey demonstrated the potential effectiveness of implementing 19 recommended confirmation items in the regimen checks by pharmacists in general hospitals other than cancer treatment collaborative base hospitals.
A Comprehensive Study on Phase Sensitive Amplification and Stimulated Brillouin Scattering in Nonlinear Fibers with Longitudinally Varying Dispersion
Authors: Chatterjee Debanuj , Sunder Sugeet , Krishna Mrudula , Yadav Suchita , Sysoliatin Alexej , Gochelashvili Konstantin , Semjonov Sergey , Venkitesh Deepa , Konyukhov Andrey
Published: December 2023

Fiber optic parametric and phase sensitive amplifiers (PSA) are interesting for modern day communication technologies due to their low noise and high gain amplification properties with a potential for all optical signal processing and wide band operation. PSAs are typically employed in either a single pump or dual pump configuration. In this article we explore the utilities of both configurations, however considering a fiber with a longitudinally varying dispersion profile. For the single pump case, PSA operation at large pump-signal detunings, that arise due to the longitudinal dispersion variation, were studied numerically, and recipes of using the system as a wide band wavelength selective filter were laid out. For the dual-pump case, emphasis was laid on achieving a larger signal gain, by reducing stimulated Brillouin scattering (SBS) that prevents large pump power transport through the nonlinear fiber. First, the effects of dispersion variation on the gain of a dual pump PSA were studied analytically and numerically in order to optimize the dispersion variation profile, neglecting SBS processes. Then we independently studied the SBS dynamics of the system numerically. A sinusoidally dispersion oscillating fiber (DOF) was found to be an optimal candidate with respect to its PSA and SBS performances. To establish this claim, we also experimentally compared the performance of an available DOF over a standard highly nonlinear fiber (HNLF) that has a constant dispersion profile and established its utility for designing a high gain PSA system, thanks to the SBS mitigation due to the longitudinal dispersion variation of the fiber.
Advances in Modeling and Interpretability of Deep Neural Sleep Staging: A Systematic Review
Authors: Soleimani Reza , Barahona Jeffrey , Chen Yuhan , Bozkurt Alper , Daniele Michael , Pozdin Vladimir , Lobaton Edgar
Published: December 2023

Sleep staging has a very important role in diagnosing patients with sleep disorders. In general, this task is very time-consuming for physicians to perform. Deep learning shows great potential to automate this process and remove physician bias from decision making. In this study, we aim to identify recent trends on performance improvement and the causes for these trends. Recent papers on sleep stage classification and interpretability are investigated to explore different modeling and data manipulation techniques, their efficiency, and recent advances. We identify an improvement in performance up to 12% on standard datasets over the last 5 years. The improvements in performance do not appear to be necessarily correlated to the size of the models, but instead seem to be caused by incorporating new architectural components, such as the use of transformers and contrastive learning.
Variability of Glucosinolates in Pak Choy (Brassica rapa subsp. chinensis) Germplasm
Authors: Kim Seong-Hoon , Ochar Kingsley , Hwang Aejin , Lee Yoon-Jung , Kang Hae Ju
Published: December 2023

Glucosinolates are sulfur-containing phytochemicals generally abundant in cruciferous vegetables such as pak choy. Glucosinolates participate in a range of biological activities essential for promoting a healthy human body. In this study, we aimed to elucidate glucosinolate variability present in pak choy germplasm that are under conservation at the Rural Development Administration Genebank, Jeonju, Republic of Korea. The Acquity Ultra-Performance Liquid Chromatography (UHPLC) analytical system was used in profiling the glucosinolate content in leaf samples of various accessions. We identified a total of 17 glucosinolates in the germplasm. Based on principal compoment analysis performed, three separate groups of the accessions were obtained. Group 1 contained the cultivar cheongsacholong which recorded high content of glucobrassicin (an indole), glucoerucin (aliphatic), gluconasturtiin (aromatic) and glucoberteroin (aliphatic). Group 2 consisted of six accessions, BRA77/72, Lu ling gaogengbai, 9041, Wuyueman, RP-75 and DH-10, predominatly high in aliphatic compounds including glucoiberin, glucocheirolin, and sinigrin. Group 3 comprised the majority of the accessions which were characterized by high content of glucoraphanin, epiprogoitrin, progoitrin, and glucotropaeolin. These results revealed the presence of variability among the pak choy germplasm based on their glucosinolate content, providing an excellent opprtunity for future breeding for improved glucosinolate content in the crop.
Polyurethane Adhesives with Chemically Debondable Properties via Diels–Alder Bonds
Authors: Carbonell-Blasco María Pilar , Moyano María Alejandra , Hernández-Fernández Carlota , Sierra-Molero Francisco J. , Pastor Isidro M. , Alonso Diego A. , Arán-Aís Francisca , Orgilés-Calpena Elena
Published: December 2023

Covalent adaptable networks (CANs) represent a pioneering advance in polymer science, offering unprecedented versatility in materials design. Unlike conventional adhesives with irreversible bonds, CAN-based polyurethane adhesives have the unique ability to undergo chemical restructuring through reversible bonds. One of the strategies for incorporating these types of reactions in polyurethanes is by functionalisation with Diels–Alder (DA) adducts. By taking advantage of the reversible nature of the DA chemistry, the adhesive undergoes controlled crosslinking and decrosslinking processes, allowing for precise modulation of bond strength. This adaptability is critical in applications requiring reworkability or recyclability, as it allows for easy disassembly and reassembly of bonded components without compromising the integrity of the material. This study focuses on the sustainable synthesis and characterisation of a solvent-based polyurethane adhesive, obtained by functionalising a polyurethane prepolymer with DA diene and dienophiles. The characterisation of the adhesives was carried out using different experimental techniques: nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy (NMR), Brookfield viscosity, differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) and T-peel strength testing of leather/adhesive/rubber joints to determine the adhesive properties, both before and after the application of external stimuli. The conversion of both the DA and retro-Diels–Alder (r-DA) reactions was confirmed by 1H-NMR. The adhesive properties were not altered by the functionalisation of the adhesive prepolymer, showing similar thermal resistance and good rheological and adhesive properties, even exceeding the most demanding technical requirements for upper-to-sole joints in footwear. After the application of an external thermal stimuli, the bonded materials separated without difficulty and without damage, thus facilitating their separation, recovery and recycling.