bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Emberi Jogok Európai Egyezménye 6. cikk 1. bekezdésének általános áttekintése az Emberi Jogok Európai Bíróságának gyakorlatára tekintettel
Authors: Rónai Orsolya
Published: June 2017

The most important human rights were firstly defined by the French Declaration from 1789. These rights are called as first generation rights, because they guarantee the most important civil and political rights of people. The states mostly act passive in order to protect them. They create acts on their protection, special mechanisms for enforcing them. We can state that every field of law is based upon them and helps protecting the human rights.

The right to a fair trial is a first generation human right. Its regulation scheme is very complex; therefore it is a hard and a complex task to define the importance and the key functions of this right, because the laws on it are varied. Besides civil procedural law, international law, EU-law and – within national legal systems – constitutional law has also been dealing with the right to a fair trial.

In the field of international law many international and regional treaties exist on the enforcement of procedural rights. In my paper I examined the European Convention on Human Rights (hereinafter: ECHR). The ECHR is an international treaty on the protection of human rights. It was born under the auspices of the Council of Europe in 1950, Rome. From 1959 its control mechanism is the European Court of Human Rights.

In my paper I examined the proper interpretation and the actual application of the ECHR art. 6. par. 1based on the work of the international court.The article 6 of ECHR is about the right to a fair trial. In par. 1 the Convention gives a list of the most common features of a fair trial: (1) a fair and public hearing; (2) with a reasonable time; (3) the tribunal must be established by law and must meet with the requirements of independency and impartiality; (4) and finally the judgement shall be pronounced publicly. It enshrines the principle of the rule of law, upon which such a society is based and built.

The first chapter deals with problem of the interpretation of the article. I tried to give the most convenient statements, which I defined upon the case law of the ECHR. After the question of interpretation is answered, the third chapter tries to give an overview of the applicability of article 6.In this section I cited many cases of the ECHR, because the Court has been developing the question of applicability in its case law. It is because it considers the Convention as a living-organism, so the article 6. needed to be interpreted again and again during these decades.
Európai Külügyi Szolgálat szerepe – út a szorosabb európai integráció felé?
Authors: Szabó Fruzsina Mariann
Published: June 2017

This essay examines the impact of the European External Action Service (EEAS) on the development of the European integration. First, the historical and institutional precedents, and the development of external institutional system of the EC (EU) are presented. Then it is mentioned in greater details which factors led to the establishment of the institution of the High Representative (HR) and its assisting European External Action Service. The EEAS’s role is analyzed and assessed primarily from the standpoint that – given its operation and power – how the creation of this institution can strengthen the achievement of a closer European integration. This issue is analyzed especially in relation with cooperation, and division of tasks and power with the other EU bodies and institutions that play decisive role in the implementation of the EU’s external actions.
családon belüli erőszak
Authors: Tóth Zsuzsanna
Published: June 2017

There have been different theories concerning the reasons of domestic violence and abuse.

The court as well as the police can call for restraining, which is especially established for preventing the repetition of the domestic violence.

For the treatment of the above mentioned problem there have been founded two models: the Duluth and the Austrian model.

In the memberstates of the European Committee it can be said that the strong front against the domestic violence is quite general, but the regulation is very diverse which means there is no silver bullet in the fight against it.
munkajog területén megvalósuló egyenlő bánásmód követelménye, valamint megsértésének módjai az Európai Bíróság és a magyar bírói gyakorlat tükrében
Authors: Duró Edit
Published: June 2017

Employment and occupation are crucial to ensuring equal opportunities for all and in large measure contribute to the full participation of citizens in economic, social and culture life. However, many cases of discrimination have been identified in the field of employment and the labour market.

In this study I try to examine how the equal treatment works in the EU Law and Hungarian national law, and I try to present the case-law of the European Court of Justice and the Hungarian Courts in this area. The first part of the study deals with the definition of key concepts (direct discrimination, indirect discrimination, harassment), and include its legal background – with respect to the directives of the European Parliament and the Council, and the Hungarian legislation. The second part tries to describe the legal concept of indirect discrimination, mentioned as justification (statutory derogation, objective justification). And finally I try to present the special burden of proof, which is used in discrimination cases.
A zsarnokölésről, avagy jogszerű-e a zsarnok elpusztítása?
Authors: Dobozi Gergely Ferenc
Published: June 2017

The aim of the essay is to analyse a special moment, namely the moment of the end of a tyranny. An outstanding problem is how to judge the murder of a tyrant, and the occurrences that lead to that, because these acts actually make a chain of crimes, if they’re examined without the context.

Breach of the peace, mayhem, mutiny, homicide, these are acts, that are against the moral code of humanity. They have been punished by criminal laws throughout history. Therefore it is crucial to examine the circumstances of this very act. These circumstances are actually the key factors to legitimise the aggression of a rebellion. Nevertheless the first thing that someone has to do during the analysis is to find a comprehensive definition that shows who is the person, who possesses the characteristic of an unjust despot.
Expansion of Tubular with Elastomers in Multilateral Wells
Authors: Velden Md , Al-Jahwari FKS
Published: June 2017

The use of solid expandable tubular technology during the last decade has focused on solving many challenges in well drilling and delivery including zonal isolation, deep drilling, conservation of hole sizes, etc. not only as pioneered solution but also providing cost effective and long lasting solutions. Concurrently, the technology was extended for construction of multilateral in typical wells. The process of horizontal tubular expansion is similar to the vertical expansion of expandable tubular in down-hole environment with the addition of uniformly distributed force due to its weight. The expansion is targeted to increase its diameter such that post expansion characteristics remain within allowable limits. In this study a typical expandable tubular of 57.15 mm outer diameter and 6.35 mm wall thickness was used with two different elastomer seals of 5 and 7 mm thickness placed at equal spacing of 200 mm. The developed stress contours during expansion process clearly showed the high stress areas in the vicinity of expansion region which lies around the mandrel. These high stresses may result in excessive wear of the mandrel. It was also found out that the drawing force increases as the mandrel angle, expansion ratio, and friction coefficient increases. A mandrel angle of 20o  requires minimum expansion force and can be considered as an optimum geometrical parameter to lower the power required for expansion.
Anisotropic Deformation Behavior of Al2024T351 Aluminum Alloy
Authors: Khan R
Published: June 2017

The objective of this work was to investigate the effects of material anisotropy on the yielding and hardening behavior of 2024T351 aluminum alloy using isotropic and anisotropic yield criteria. Anisotropy may be induced in a material during the manufacturing through processes like rolling or forging. This induced anisotropy gives rise to the concept of orientation-dependent material properties such as yield strength, ductility, strain hardening, fracture strength, or fatigue resistance. Inclusion of the effects of anisotropy is essential in correctly predicting the deformation behavior of a material. In this study, uniaxial tensile tests were first performed in all three rolling directions, L , T  and S , for smooth bar specimens made from hot rolled plate of Al2024 alloy. The experimental results showed that the L - and T -directions yielded higher yield strengths and a greater percentage of elongation before fracture than the S -direction. Subsequently, finite element analysis of tensile specimens was performed using isotropic (von Mises) and anisotropic (Hill) yield criteria to predict the onset of yielding and hardening behaviors during the course of deformation. Hill's criterion perfectly fitted with the test data in the S -direction, but slightly underestimated the yield strength in L -direction. The results indicated that the Hill yield criterion is the most suitable one to predict the onset of yielding and hardening behaviors for 2024T351 aluminum alloy in all directions.
Modeling of Construction Cost of Villas in Oman
Authors: Al-Mohsin MA , Al-Nuaimi AS
Published: June 2017

In this research, a model for estimating construction cost of villas is presented. The model takes into account four major factors affecting villa's cost, namely: built up area, number of toilets, number of bedrooms and the number of stories. A field survey was conducted to collect information required for such model using data collection form designed by the researchers. Information about 150 villas was collected from six well experienced consultants in the field of villa design and supervision in Oman. Collected data was analyzed to develop suggested model which consists of two main levels of estimate. The first level is at the conceptual design stage where the client presents his/her need of space and basic information about the available plot for construction. The second level of cost estimation is carried out after the preliminary design stage where the client has to decide on the finishes and type of structure. At the second level of estimation, the client should be able to decide whether to precede for construction or not, according to his/her budget. The model is general and can be used anywhere and was validated for accepted degree of confidence using the actual cost of the 112 executed villa projects in Oman. The villas included in this study were owned by clients from both high and low income brackets and had different types of finishing material. The developed equations showed good correlation between the selected variables and the actual cost with R2  = 0.79 in the case of conceptual estimate and R2  = 0.601 for preliminary estimate.
Contrast Enhancement Using Brightness Preserving Histogram Equalization Technique for Classification of Date Varieties
Authors: Thomas G , Manickavasagan A , Khriji L , Al-Yahyai R
Published: June 2017

Computer vision technique is becoming popular for quality assessment of many products in food industries. Image enhancement is the first step in analyzing the images in order to obtain detailed information for the determination of quality. In this study, Brightness preserving histogram equalization technique was used to enhance the features of gray scale images to classify three date varieties (Khalas, Fard and Madina). Mean, entropy, kurtosis and skewness features were extracted from the original and enhanced images. Mean and entropy from original images and kurtosis from the enhanced images were selected based on Lukka's feature selection approach. An overall classification efficiency of 93.72% was achieved with just three features. Brightness preserving histogram equalization technique has great potential to improve the classification in various quality attributes of food and agricultural products with minimum features.
Complementing Digital Logic Design with Logisim
Authors: Al-Busaidi SA
Published: June 2017

Classified as free and open source software (FOSS), Logisim is a delightful tool that can easily be used to reinforce a solid understanding of the theoretical concepts related to a digital logic design course. Unlike LogicWorks, one of the most attractive features of Logisim is its ability to include user built libraries. This can result in the development of a library that models the complete set of integrated circuits (ICs) required for a digital logic design course. As a consequence, numerous merits can be observed regarding a student's learning level within such a course.
Oil-Sludge Extended Asphalt Mastic Filled with Heavy Oil Fly Ash and Cement Waste for Waterproofing
Authors: Al-Abdul Wahhab H.I. , Dalhat M.A.
Published: June 2017

Recycling as an economic disposal process for many hazardous waste materials has become a popular means of conserving our planet’s scarce and diminishing natural resources. This paper is a study of the influence of oil sludge (OS) on the physical behavior and performance of asphalt filled with heavy oil fly ash (HOFA), cement kiln dust (CKD) and limestone dust (LMD). Conventional asphalt consistency tests in addition to a new bond strength (BS) test were conducted on the modified asphalt mastics. The results were statistically analyzed and assessed in accordance with American Society for Testing and Materials (ASTM) D 332 and ASTM D 449 specifications. Too much OS resulted in strength deterioration of the asphalt mastic, which can be compensated for by filling the mastic with HOFA. OS interacts constructively with the fillers to improve their effectiveness in raising the softening point (SP) and viscosity of the asphalt, and also in reducing its penetration and ductility. Even though sludge mastics hold promise as suitable composites for damp proofing and waterproofing, the resulting low flash point (FP) and SP of some of these mastics make their suitability for roofing applications questionable.
Finite Element Analysis of Concrete Bridge Slabs Reinforced with Fiber Reinforced Polymer Bars
Authors: El-Gamal S.E.
Published: June 2017

Due to their non-corrosive nature, high strength and light weight, fiber reinforced polymers (FRP) are being widely used as reinforcement in concrete bridges, especially those in harsh environments. The current design methods of concrete deck slabs in most bridge design codes assume a flexural behavior under traffic wheel loads. The load carrying capacities of concrete bridge deck slabs, however, are greatly enhanced due to the arching action effect developed by lateral restraints. This study presents the results of a non-linear finite element (FE) investigation that predicts the performance of FRP reinforced concrete (RC) deck slabs. The FE investigation is divided into two main parts: a calibration study and a parametric study. In the calibration study, the validity and accuracy of the FE model were verified against experimental test results of concrete slabs reinforced with glass and carbon FRP bars. In the parametric study, the effect of some key parameters influencing the performance of FRP-RC deck slabs bars was investigated. These parameters include the FRP reinforcement ratio, concrete compressive strength, slab thickness and span-to-depth ratio.
A Basic Wind Speed Map for Oman
Authors: Alnuaimi A.S. , Mohsin M.A. , Al-Riyami K.H.
Published: June 2017

The aim of this research was to develop the first basic wind speed map for Oman. Hourly mean wind speed records from 40 metrological stations were used in the calculation. The period of continuous records ranged from 4–37 years. The maximum monthly hourly mean and the maxima annual hourly mean wind speed data were analysed using the Gumbel and Gringorten methods. Both methods gave close results in determining basic wind speeds, with the Gumbel method giving slightly higher values. Due to a lack of long-term records in some regions of Oman, basic wind speeds were extrapolated for some stations with only short-term records, which were defined as those with only 4– 8 years of continuous records; in these cases, monthly maxima were used to predict the long-term basic wind speeds. Accordingly, a basic wind speed map was developed for a 50-year return period. This map was based on basic wind speeds calculated from actual annual maxima records of 29 stations with at least 9 continuous years of records as well as predicted annual maxima wind speeds for 11 short-term record stations. The basic wind speed values ranged from 16 meters/second (m/s) to 31 m/s. The basic wind speed map developed in this research is recommended for use as a guide for structural design in Oman.
Microwave-Assisted Adsorptive Desulfurization of Model Diesel Fuel Using Synthesized Microporous Rare Earth Metal-Doped Zeolite Y
Authors: Salahudeen N. , Ahmed A.S. , Al-Muhtaseb A.H. , Jibril B.Y. , Al-Hajri R. , Waziri S. M. , Dauda M. , Al-Sabahi J.
Published: June 2017

The microwave-assisted adsorptive desulfurization of model fuel (thiophene in n-heptane) was investigated using a synthesized rare earth metal-doped zeolite Y (RE Y). Crystallinity of the synthesized zeolite was 89.5%, the silicon/aluminium (Si/Al) molar ratio was 5.2, the Brunauer–Emmett–Teller (BET) surface area was 980.9 m2/g, and the pore volume and diameter was 0.3494 cm3/g and 1.425 nm, respectively. The results showed that the microwave reactor could be used to enhance the adsorptive desulfurization process with best efficiency of 75% at reaction conditions of 100 °C and 15 minutes. The high desulfurization effect was likely due to the higher efficiency impact of microwave energy in the interaction between sulfur in thiophene and HO-La(OSiAl).
Dynamics of a Carriage System of Comparator for Calibrating the Line Standards of Length
Authors: Kilikevičius A. , Vekteris V. , Mokšin V.
Published: June 2017

This paper presents research dynamic properties of a calibration comparator which is used to calibrate high precision line standards of length. For this purpose, multi-body dynamic and mathematical models of a carriage system of the comparator were presented. Calculated amplitude-frequency responses and modes of oscillations allowed a determination of resonant frequencies of the system.
Loss Reduction in Isolated Rural Area Distribution Network Using Photovoltaic System
Authors: Albadi M. H. , Al-Mashaikhi N.A. , Al-Hinai S. , Al-Abri R. S. , Al-Hinai A.S. , Al-Aamri Q.K. , Al-Mazidi A.A. , Al-Gafri M.S.
Published: June 2017

This paper investigates the utilization of photovoltaic (PV) systems in a rural area electricity network. The Rural Area Electricity Company of Oman is planning to install a 304 kW PV system at the powerhouse of the Almazyonah network. Based on the available network data, a power flow model of the system under study was built and the system’s performance was studied. The location and installed capacity of the planned PV system were optimized based on loss reduction.
Stochastic Allocation of Transmit Power for Realistic Wireless Channel Models
Authors: Tarhuni N. G. , Elmusrati M. , Al-Nadabi M.
Published: June 2017

Control of transmitted power is crucial for the successful operation of multi-user wireless channels communications. There are practical situations in which the transmitted power cannot be adjusted by feedback information; hence, only forward transmit power allocation can be applied, especially in situations where a feedback channel is not available in a wireless network or when wireless nodes are only transmit types. Conventionally, transmitted power can be fixed. Higher gain may be observed if the sensors’ transmitted power is randomized. In this work, random power allocation for a Nakagami-m distributed wireless channel model was investigated, and a number of random distributions were evaluated theoretically and tested by simulations. The outage probability was evaluated theoretically and validated by Monte Carlo simulations.
Realization of a Photovoltaic Fed Sparse Alternating Current (AC)-Link Inverter
Authors: Ramaprabha R. , Ramya G. , Ashwini U. , Humaira A.H. Fathima
Published: June 2017

In this paper, a soft-switched alternating current (AC)-link buck-boost inverter with a reduced number of switches, referred to as a sparse AC-link buck-boost inverter, was designed and implemented for a photovoltaic (PV) interface. Important features of the sparse configuration included a lower number of switches, lower failure rates, compactness, and cost-effectiveness. The link was composed of a low reactive rating series inductor/capacitor pair. Significant merits of the AC-link buck-boost inverter are a zero voltage turn on and a soft turn off of the switches, resulting in minimum voltage stress on the switches and negligible switching losses. In this paper, 10 switches were used instead of 20 switches as are used in existing buck-boost inverter topology. The reduction in the number of switches did not change the principle of operation of the sparse configuration; hence, it remains the same as that of the original configuration. The pulse width modulation (PWM) technique was used for gating the switches. The inverter operation was validated and implemented for PV interface using a microcontroller.
Out of Axis Movement of an AUV inside a Water Pipeline
Authors: Moonesun M. , Mahdian A. , Korol Y.M. , Brazhko A.
Published: June 2017

The research intends to evaluate the variation in the resistance and the lift of a torpedo shaped AUV brought about by the wall effect inside the pipe as it moves out of the axis inside a water pipeline. Movement of an AUV at the axis of a pipe causes minimum resistance and lift forces, but when the AUV moves at a position parallel with the axis of the pipe (out of axis of the pipe), the hydrodynamic forces especially the lift force changes. The AUV must be able to move a float inside the pipe and perform non-contact inspection. In water pipes having limited diameters, there is the wall effect. The added resistance and the lift have to be calculated accurately, which is a necessary requirement for the determination of the vehicle speed, power demand, control, range and duration of the operation. According to the findings of this paper, when moving at the center of pipe the ratio of AUV diameter to pipe diameter is equal to 12. This value can be considered for the determination of "the critical pipe diameter" which gives zero resistance. The results of this study can be applied for torpedo movement inside the torpedo tube. The analysis is performed by the Flow Vision (V.2.3) software based on the CFD method and solving the RANS equations.
Development of a System Model for Determining Optimal Personnel Interaction Strategy in a Production Industry
Authors: Kareem B. , Adekiigbe A.
Published: June 2017

Manufacturing organizations have become more complex in recent time as a result of technological advances. Communication among production workers operating in an environment marked by increased organizational complexity may require planning for the economically appropriate selection of network channels/media with enhanced productivity. This paper examines traditional and modern communication channels (media) and their comparative advantages over one another in their adoption in manufacturing organizations. In this framework, six media (human messengers, mobile-phones, intranet, fixed-internet, mobile-internet, and private branch exchange [PBX] phone systems) were subjected to analyses using five identified network patterns (all-channel, chain, Y, wheel, and circle) of interactions in manufacturing organizations. Costs, benefits, and the utility of the channels were integrated into the model and utilized to determine the most sustainable media that could enhance productivity in industry. The developed model was implemented using expert data/information collected from the plastic production industry. The results of an availability assessment showed that the enhancement of productivity could be fully achieved by utilizing mobile phones and internet networks, but when considering overall utility, only mobile phones could bring about the desired productivity with 0.59 probability. The findings suggest that the system developed is robust in revealing how productivity might be affected by means of communication among industrial workers.
Mathematical Model Describes Treatment of Waste Water Using Modified Activated Carbon
Authors: Ibrahim A.S. , AL Buloshi A.S. , AL Zaabi S.S. , AL Yafai L.A.
Published: June 2017

The proposed mathematical model covered in this paper includes the most important parameters associated with the rates of adsorption and desorption. Also, partial pressure is included since it is an important factor that affects rates of adsorption and desorption. The study focuses on the effects of the constant rates on adsorption of pollutant concentrations for benzene, nickel, cadmium, and copper using modified active carbon. When the rate constant of adsorption decreases, the pollutant concentration will also decrease, yielding high acceptable evidence of the logic of the proposed mathematical model. Also, the proposed model is compared with experimental data and other models to give good outcomes with high accuracy.
¿Qué significa ser maltratada?. El estudio de la violencia de género a través de datos de encuesta
Authors: Safranoff Ana
Published: June 2017

A partir del análisis de la IV Macroencuesta de Violencia de Género de España (2011), el artículo explora la definición subjetiva del maltrato, es decir, qué es interpretado por las mujeres como tal. Los resultados demuestran que, por sí sola, la violencia física es la modalidad que mayormente se reconoce como maltrato, mientras, en el extremo opuesto, se encuentra la violencia sexual, la cual para la gran mayoría de mujeres no es identificada como maltrato. El artículo concluye que el estudio de la violencia de género a través de datos de encuesta debe considerar no sólo la visión subjetiva del maltrato sino también la técnica, de forma tal de capturar todas las modalidades diferentes de violencia (física, psicológica y sexual).
O LATROCÍNIO E A SÚMULA 610 DA SUPREMA CORTE: DA ALIENAÇÃO TÉCNICA DO POLÍTICO À ALIENAÇÃO TELEOLÓGICA DO INTÉRPRETE
Authors: (Faculdade Damas / PE) Fábio Aragone Andrade de Oliveira , (Faculdade Damas / PE) George Browne Rêgo
Published: June 2017

O presente artigo aborda a controvérsia subjacente à estrutura legal do crime de roubo agravado pelo evento morte, a partir de uma perspectiva epistemológica da dogmática penal. O problema central repousa sobre o questionamento acerca da possibilidade de extrair, com base na respectiva descrição legal, um tipo penal cuja estrutura compreenda o homicídio doloso preordenado ao roubo ou, por outro lado, se a esfera de imputação normativa é restrita aos casos em que não há uma conexão de caráter subjetivo entre o roubo e o homicídio, tratando-se tão somente de um crime complexo agravado por um resultado preterintencional. À vista disto, objetiva-se identificar, com base no método hipotético-dedutivo de abordagem, o parâmetro distintivo entre a tentativa e a consumação, a fim de contribuir para uma firme delimitação das diretrizes técnicas do processo de imputação de modo uniforme e dogmaticamente coerente, evitando-se as disparidades que existem no tratamento de determinadas figuras criminosas que se revestem de análoga estrutura típica. Neste passo, delibera-se sobre a relação existente entre a desproporcionalidade punitiva e a alienação técnica do político, acerca do surgimento da equivocada ideia de ambivalência típico-subjetiva e as consequentes vicissitudes da sistematicidade normativa sob a ótica interdisciplinar, bem como sobre a incongruência entre os precedentes jurisprudenciais que consolidaram a Súmula 610 da Suprema Corte e o modo como vem sendo interpretada no direito contemporâneo.
Review: A State-of-the-Art of Time Complexity (Non-Recursive and Recursive Fibonacci Algorithm)
Authors: Cholissodin Imam , Riyandani Efi
Published: June 2017

Abstract. Solving strategies in the computation the time complexity of an algorithm is very essentials. Some existing methods have inoptimal in the explanations of solutions, because it takes a long step and for the final result is not exact, or only limited utilize in solving by the approach. Actually there have been several studies that develop the final model equation Fibonacci time complexity of recursive algorithms, but the steps are still needed a complex operation. In this research has been done several major studies related to recursive algorithms Fibonacci analysis, which involves the general formula series, begin with determining the next term directly with the equation and find the sum of series also with an equation too. The method used in this study utilizing decomposition technique with backward substitution based on a single side outlining. The final results show of the single side outlining was found that this technique is able to produce exact solutions, efficient, easy to operate and more understand steps. Keywords: Time Complexity, Non-Recursive, Recursive, Fibonacci Algorithm
Identifying Thresholds for Similarity-Based Class Cohesion (SCC) Metrics
Authors: Pradana Fajar , Priyambadha Bayu , Rusdianto Denny Sagita
Published: June 2017

Abstract. The object-oriented design (OOD) concept can be used to implement a quality measurement program is based on the possibility of inter-relationship between attributes and methods in the class diagram and interaction between objects on a communication diagram. The process of calculating the value of cohesion on the design of object-oriented software using Similarity-Based Class Cohesion metrics can be done by identifying the relationship between the three types of possible interaction between those methods, method-attribute, and interaction attribute-attribute. But the existence of such measurements theory is rarely used in the software development industry. This is due to there is no threshold value that is used as the limit of good or bad design. This study aims to determine the threshold of cohesion metric based on the class diagram. The result showed that the threshold of SCC metric is 0.45. 0.45 is the value that has the highest level of agreement with the design expert
Centralized Smart Home Framework Monitoring for Power Savings
Authors: Setyawan Gembong Edhi , Setiabudi Agung , Muttaqin Adharul , Ichsan Mochammad Hannats Hanafi
Published: June 2017

Abstract. Electrical energy has become a staple for humans. Almost all human activities always require electrical energy. To maintain the availability of electricity at any time, then it takes the process of global electricity savings. The electricity savings can be done in two ways, the first is the development of technology to make electric appliances that require low power for operation and the second is to improve human behavior in the use of electrical appliances (turning off electrical appliances when not in use). This research aims to create a centralized smart home that can help people to monitor the condition of electrical appliances in the house and turn off automatically when not being used. Besides this system could also be used in manual mode and be controlled remotely using a smartphone through the Internet. The system is made centrally so not only for the home but can be used for many homes. After application was implemented it can monitored which device is turned on or turned off.Keywords: Smart Home, Monitoring and Power Savings
An Evaluation of ARFIMA (Autoregressive Fractional Integral Moving Average) Programs
Authors: Liu Kai , Chen YangQuan , Zhang Xi
Published: June 2017

Strong coupling between values at different times that exhibit properties of long range dependence, non-stationary, spiky signals cannot be processed by the conventional time series analysis. The autoregressive fractional integral moving average (ARFIMA) model, a fractional order signal processing technique, is the generalization of the conventional integer order models—autoregressive integral moving average (ARIMA) and autoregressive moving average (ARMA) model. Therefore, it has much wider applications since it could capture both short-range dependence and long range dependence. For now, several software programs have been developed to deal with ARFIMA processes. However, it is unfortunate to see that using different numerical tools for time series analysis usually gives quite different and sometimes radically different results. Users are often puzzled about which tool is suitable for a specific application. We performed a comprehensive survey and evaluation of available ARFIMA tools in the literature in the hope of benefiting researchers with different academic backgrounds. In this paper, four aspects of ARFIMA programs concerning simulation, fractional order difference filter, estimation and forecast are compared and evaluated, respectively, in various software platforms. Our informative comments can serve as useful selection guidelines.
An Amyloidogenic Sequence at the N-Terminus of the Androgen Receptor Impacts Polyglutamine Aggregation
Authors: Oppong Emmanuel , Stier Gunter , Gaal Miriam , Seeger Rebecca , Stoeck Melanie , Delsuc Marc-André , Cato Andrew C. B. , Kieffer Bruno
Published: June 2017

The human androgen receptor (AR) is a ligand inducible transcription factor that harbors an amino terminal domain (AR-NTD) with a ligand-independent activation function. AR-NTD is intrinsically disordered and displays aggregation properties conferred by the presence of a poly-glutamine (polyQ) sequence. The length of the polyQ sequence as well as its adjacent sequence motifs modulate this aggregation property. AR-NTD also contains a conserved KELCKAVSVSM sequence motif that displays an intrinsic property to form amyloid fibrils under mild oxidative conditions. As peptide sequences with intrinsic oligomerization properties are reported to have an impact on the aggregation of polyQ tracts, we determined the effect of the KELCKAVSVSM on the polyQ stretch in the context of the AR-NTD using atomic force microscopy (AFM). Here, we present evidence for a crosstalk between the amyloidogenic properties of the KELCKAVSVSM motif and the polyQ stretch at the AR-NTD.
Maximum Deformation Ratio of Droplets of Water-Based Paint Impact on a Flat Surface
Authors: Xu Weiwei , Luo Jianfei , Qin Jun , Zhang Yongming
Published: June 2017

In this research, the maximum deformation ratio of water-based paint droplets impacting and spreading onto a flat solid surface was investigated numerically based on the Navier–Stokes equation coupled with the level set method. The effects of droplet size, impact velocity, and equilibrium contact angle are taken into account. The maximum deformation ratio increases as droplet size and impact velocity increase, and can scale as We1/4, where We is the Weber number, for the case of the effect of the droplet size. Finally, the effect of equilibrium contact angle is investigated, and the result shows that spreading radius decreases with the increase in equilibrium contact angle, whereas the height increases. When the dimensionless time t* < 0.3, there is a linear relationship between the dimensionless spreading radius and the dimensionless time to the 1/2 power. For the case of 80° ≤ θe ≤ 120°, where θe is the equilibrium contact angle, the simulation result of the maximum deformation ratio follows the fitting result. The research on the maximum deformation ratio of water-based paint is useful for water-based paint applications in the automobile industry, as well as in the biomedical industry and the real estate industry. Please check all the part in the whole passage that highlighted in blue whether retains meaning before.
Toxic Evaluation of Cymbopogon citratus Chemical Fractions in E. coli
Authors: Fuentes-León Fabiana , González-Pumariega Maribel , Vernhes Tamayo Marioly , Menck Carlos , Sánchez-Lamar Ángel
Published: June 2017

Cymbopogon citratus (DC) Stapf is consumed as a popular decoction owing to its nice flavor and hypotensor property. Its aqueous extract radioprotector and antimutagenic properties have been experimentally demonstrated. In addition, its DNA protective activity against UV light has been proved in plasmid DNA and bacterial models. The fractioning process is important in order to identify phytocompounds responsible for this activity. In this work, the toxicity of three fractions obtained from Cymbopogon citratus (essential oils, butanolic and aqueous fractions) were tested using the SOS Chromotest in Escherichia coli. Cymbopogon citratus chemical fractions possess cytotoxic properties in E. coli in the following order butanolic > aqueous > essentials oils. Genotoxic properties were detected in any of the fractions.
The Role of III-V Substrate Roughness and Deoxidation Induced by Digital Etch in Achieving Low Resistance Metal Contacts
Authors: Ravaux Florent , Saadat Irfan , Jouiad Mustapha
Published: June 2017

To achieve low contact resistance between metal and III-V material, transmission-line-model (TLM) structures of molybdenum (Mo) were fabricated on indium phosphide (InP) substrate on the top of an indium gallium arsenide (InGaAs) layer grown by molecular beam epitaxy. The contact layer was prepared using a digital etch procedure before metal deposition. The contact resistivity was found to decrease significantly with the cleaning process. High Resolution Transmission & Scanning Electron Microscopy (HRTEM & HRSTEM) investigations revealed that the surface roughness of treated samples was increased. Further analysis of the metal-semiconductor interface using Energy Electron Loss Spectroscopy (EELS) showed that the amount of oxides (InxOy, GaxOy or AsxOy) was significantly decreased for the etched samples. These results suggest that the low contact resistance obtained after digital etching is attributed to the combined effects of the induced surface roughness and oxides removal during the digital etch process.
Crystal Growth of High-Quality Protein Crystals under the Presence of an Alternant Electric Field in Pulse-Wave Mode, and a Strong Magnetic Field with Radio Frequency Pulses Characterized by X-ray Diffraction
Authors: Rodríguez-Romero Adela , Esturau-Escofet Nuria , Pareja-Rivera Carina , Moreno Abel
Published: June 2017

The first part of this research was devoted to investigating the effect of alternate current (AC) using four different types of wave modes (pulse-wave) at 2 Hz on the crystal growth of lysozyme in solution. The best results, in terms of size and crystal quality, were obtained when protein crystals were grown under the influence of electric fields in a very specific wave mode (“breathing” wave), giving the highest resolution up to 1.34 Å in X-ray diffraction analysis compared with controls and with those crystals grown in gel. In the second part, we evaluated the effect of a strong magnetic field of 16.5 Tesla combined with radiofrequency pulses of 0.43 μs on the crystal growth in gels of tetragonal hen egg white (HEW) lysozyme. The lysozyme crystals grown, both in solution applying breathing-wave and in gel under the influence of this strong magnetic field with pulses of radio frequencies, produced the larger-in-size crystals and the highest resolution structures. Data processing and refinement statistics are very good in terms of the resolution, mosaicity and Wilson B factor obtained for each crystal. Besides, electron density maps show well-defined and distinctly separated atoms at several selected tryptophan residues for the crystal grown using the “breathing wave pulses”.
Security Interrogation and Defense for SAR Analog to Digital Converter
Authors: Taheri Shayan , Lin Jie , Yuan Jiann-Shiun
Published: June 2017

Nowadays, the analog and mixed-signal intellectual property (IP) cores play an important role in system on chip (SoC) design due to their capabilities in performing critical functions. These IPs can be the target of adversaries similar to their digital counterparts. In this work, we study the security aspects of a tunnel field effect transistor (TFET)-based six-bit successive approximation register (SAR) analog to digital converter (ADC) through proposing two threats and two countermeasures that target the output signals of the ADC datapath and its control unit. The datapath-based threat manipulates the exiting signals from the register file, and its countermeasure attempts to filter the ADC output based on the convention of having ± 1 least significant bit variation (at maximum) between the adjacent sampled data points. The control-based threat manipulates the exiting signals from the control unit, and its countermeasure is a trustworthy replication of a part of the ADC circuit that is used to provide reference data for security examination and output filtering.
Interactions between a Heparin Trisaccharide Library and FGF-1 Analyzed by NMR Methods
Authors: García-Jiménez María José , Gil-Caballero Sergio , Canales Ángeles , Jiménez-Barbero Jesús , De Paz José L. , Nieto Pedro M.
Published: June 2017

FGF-1 is a potent mitogen that, by interacting simultaneously with Heparan Sulfate Glycosaminoglycan HSGAG and the extracellular domains of its membrane receptor (FGFR), generates an intracellular signal that finally leads to cell division. The overall structure of the ternary complex Heparin:FGF-1:FGFR has been finally elucidated after some controversy and the interactions within the ternary complex have been deeply described. However, since the structure of the ternary complex was described, not much attention has been given to the molecular basis of the interaction between FGF-1 and the HSGAG. It is known that within the complex, the carbohydrate maintains the same helical structure of free heparin that leads to sulfate groups directed towards opposite directions along the molecular axis. The precise role of single individual interactions remains unclear, as sliding and/or rotating of the saccharide along the binding pocket are possibilities difficult to discard. The HSGAG binding pocket can be subdivided into two regions, the main one can accommodate a trisaccharide, while the other binds a disaccharide. We have studied and analyzed the interaction between FGF-1 and a library of trisaccharides by STD-NMR and selective longitudinal relaxation rates. The library of trisaccharides corresponds to the heparin backbone and it has been designed to interact with the main subsite of the protein.
Autophagic Mechanism in Anti-Cancer Immunity: Its Pros and Cons for Cancer Therapy
Authors: Li Ying-Ying , Feun Lynn , Thongkum Angkana , Tu Chiao-Hui , Chen Shu-Mei , Wangpaichitr Medhi , Wu Chunjing , Kuo Macus , Savaraj Niramol
Published: June 2017

Autophagy, a self-eating machinery, has been reported as an adaptive response to maintain metabolic homeostasis when cancer cells encounter stress. It has been appreciated that autophagy acts as a double-edge sword to decide the fate of cancer cells upon stress factors, molecular subtypes, and microenvironmental conditions. Currently, the majority of evidence support that autophagy in cancer cells is a vital mechanism bringing on resistance to current and prospective treatments, yet whether autophagy affects the anticancer immune response remains unclear and controversial. Accumulated studies have demonstrated that triggering autophagy is able to facilitate anticancer immunity due to an increase in immunogenicity, whereas other studies suggested that autophagy is likely to disarm anticancer immunity mediated by cytotoxic T cells and nature killer (NK) cells. Hence, this contradiction needs to be elucidated. In this review, we discuss the role of autophagy in cancer cells per se and in cancer microenvironment as well as its dual regulatory roles in immune surveillance through modulating presentation of tumor antigens, development of immune cells, and expression of immune checkpoints. We further focus on emerging roles of autophagy induced by current treatments and its impact on anticancer immune response, and illustrate the pros and cons of utilizing autophagy in cancer immunotherapy based on preclinical references.
Using Coexpression Protein Interaction Network Analysis to Identify Mechanisms of Danshensu Affecting Patients with Coronary Heart Disease
Authors: Huo Mengqi , Wang Zhixin , Wu Dongxue , Zhang Yanling , Qiao Yanjiang
Published: June 2017

Salvia miltiorrhiza, known as Danshen, has attracted worldwide interest for its substantial effects on coronary heart disease (CHD). Danshensu (DSS) is one of the main active ingredients of Danshen on CHD. Although it has been proven to have a good clinical effect on CHD, the action mechanisms remain elusive. In the current study, a coexpression network-based approach was used to illustrate the beneficial properties of DSS in the context of CHD. By integrating the gene expression profile data and protein-protein interactions (PPIs) data, two coexpression protein interaction networks (CePIN) in a CHD state (CHD CePIN) and a non-CHD state (non-CHD CePIN) were generated. Then, shared nodes and unique nodes in CHD CePIN were attained by conducting a comparison between CHD CePIN and non-CHD CePIN. By calculating the topological parameters of each shared node and unique node in the networks, and comparing the differentially expressed genes, target proteins involved in disease regulation were attained. Then, Gene Ontology (GO) enrichment was utilized to identify biological processes associated to target proteins. Consequently, it turned out that the treatment of CHD with DSS may be partly attributed to the regulation of immunization and blood circulation. Also, it indicated that sodium/hydrogen exchanger 3 (SLC9A3), Prostaglandin G/H synthase 2 (PTGS2), Oxidized low-density lipoprotein receptor 1 (OLR1), and fibrinogen gamma chain (FGG) may be potential therapeutic targets for CHD. In summary, this study provided a novel coexpression protein interaction network approach to provide an explanation of the mechanisms of DSS on CHD and identify key proteins which maybe the potential therapeutic targets for CHD.
New Insights in the Long-Term Atmospheric Corrosion Mechanisms of Low Alloy Steel Reinforcements of Cultural Heritage Buildings
Authors: Bouchar Marie , Dillmann Philippe , Neff Delphine
Published: June 2017

Reinforcing clamps made of low alloy steel from the Metz cathedral and corroded outdoors during 500 years were studied by OM, FESEM/EDS, and micro-Raman spectroscopy. The corrosion product layer is constituted of a dual structure. The outer layer is mainly constituted of goethite and lepidocrocite embedding exogenous elements such as Ca and P. The inner layer is mainly constituted of ferrihydrite. The behaviour of the inner layer under conditions simulating the wetting stage of the RH wet/dry atmospheric corrosion cycle was observed by in situ micro-Raman spectroscopy. The disappearance of ferrihydrite near the metal/oxide interface strongly suggests a mechanism of reductive dissolution caused by the oxidation of the metallic substrate and was observed for the first time in situ on an archaeological system.
High Temperature Oxidation and Wear Behaviors of Ti–V–Cr Fireproof Titanium Alloy
Authors: Mi Guangbao , Yao Kai , Bai Pengfei , Cheng Congqian , Min Xiaohua
Published: June 2017

The high temperature oxidation and wear behaviors of Ti–35V–15Cr–0.3Si–0.1C fireproof titanium alloy were examined at 873 and 1073 K. The oxidation weight gain after oxidation at 1073 K for 100 h was significantly larger than that at 873 K. Based on the analyses of the oxidation reaction index and oxide layer, the oxidation process at 1073 K was mainly controlled by oxidation reaction at the interface between the substrate and oxide layer. Dry sliding wear tests were performed on a pin-on-disk tester in air conditions. The friction coefficient was smaller at 1073 K than that at 873 K, while the volume wear rate at 1073 K was larger due to formation of amount of oxides on the worn surface. When the wearing temperature increased from 873 to 1073 K, the wear mechanism underwent a transition from a combination of abrasive wear and oxidative wear to only oxidative wear.