bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Food-Cluster Formation and Development
Authors: Jallal M A K , Smirnova E A , Kozhukhova N N
Published: April 2021

The article considers the main peculiarities of food-cluster formation and development. Food complex is one of the most important industries of the national economy. Key approaches to its formation and development are analyzed in terms of regional development and management. Taking into account foreign experience, integrated unions which play an important role in agro-business’ structure entering the food industry and competing with previously created businesses, are identified. The given techniques allow calculating potential indicators of the cluster approach in agricultural enterprises as well as analyzing the competitiveness level of its leading spheres. Basic instructions of the cluster approach usage in the sphere of food production industry are defined.
Comparative Analysis Rock Mass after Explosions in the Quarry Liqhobong
Authors: Gorbunova N , Kapitonova I , Mirkushov O
Published: April 2021

The article provides a systematic analysis of the research results of rock mass granularity, including theoretical studies and generalizations of experimental studies, as well as methods of computer technology. The problem of determining the main cause of a large number of oversize at the Liqhobong quarry was solved, the methods used were analyzed and compared with each other, in accordance with factors such as the availability of the method, the difficulty of implementation, and the time factor. Analysis of digital images of explosions were obtained with a digital camera and processed in the software Split Desktop 4.0. In addition, rock fragmentation data were collected through the collection of data from eight drilling and explosive operations. Based on the results of this work, it was revealed that the oversize yield for explosions at the lower levels of the southern part of the quarry was higher than for the explosions that were made at the upper levels of the north of the quarry. Therefore, we can conclude that it is necessary to apply different methods of blasting in the south and in the north of the quarry.
Finite Element Modelling of the Technical Condition of a Low-Pressure Earthen Dam of Rice Systems Under Increasing Operational Loads
Authors: Solodunov A A , Bandurin M A
Published: April 2021

The article deals with the issue of modelling the technical condition of a low-pressure earthen dam of rice systems using numerical calculation methods. The primary task of operating irrigation systems is to rationalize water use by increasing the technological level, improve water management through the use of water-saving technologies and optimal operating modes of the on-farm network of rice systems. Rice is the most productive and water-intensive crop. The most widespread rice cultivation in Russia is in the South, namely in Krasnodar Territory and the Republic of Adygea. The problem of water scarcity in the cultivation of modern rice varieties requires the development of new science-based technological solutions to comply with the regime at the entire stage of cultivation, primarily aimed at saving water resources. Modern approaches and solutions of water regime management at the entire stage of cultivation are relevant with a constant increase in the volume of rice cultivation. A number of numerical experiments were carried out, which can be divided into two groups. In the first group, numerical calculations of the low-pressure earthen dam of the rice check were performed without the formation of landslide processes, where the goal was to establish the adequacy of solid–state models of the stress-strain condition with existing field tests. The pressure from agricultural machinery passing through a low-pressure earthen dam is taken into account. The second group consisted of numerical calculations of low-pressure earthen dam rice check in the formation of landslide processes in the presence of defects, the result of which was to obtain the maximum allowable sizes of damage. There were performed the simulations and evaluated the impact of the identified damage to the technical condition of the structures of on-farm network of rice systems.
Study of Ionospheric Effects and Earthquake Precursors Using Radio Engineering Methods
Authors: Argunov V V , Gotovcev M R
Published: April 2021

Features of the remote sensing of seismic disturbances in the lower ionosphere are considered according to observation data of lightning electromagnetic signals passing over the earthquake epicentre, in Yakutsk. The technique has the ability to scan a large seismically active region or even several regions directly from one point, though in some azimuths there are limitations due to insufficiently high lightning activity. The location of the signal receiving point allows you to explore such seismic regions Kamchatka, Japan, China, the Philippines and Indonesia, South Yakutia, and Baikal, provided there is a good thunderstorm activity.
Amplitude Variations of VLF Signal of NWC Transmitter (19.8 khz) Propagating Over the Earthquake Epicentre
Authors: Gotovcev M R , Korsakov A A , Argunov V V , Kozlov V I
Published: April 2021

Lower ionosphere perturbations accompanying earthquakes can be investigated by VLF signals of radio stations. Amplitude variations of VLF signal of NWC transmitter (19.8 kHz) are considered during registration in Yakutsk from August 21 to September 15, 2018 to detect lower ionosphere disturbances as a result of the earthquake (magnitude is 6.6, depth is 35 km) on Hokkaido Island (42.686 ° N 141.929 ° E) on September 5, 2018. On the day of the earthquake the effect manifested as the amplitude increase of the radio signal.
Using 3D Graphics and Interfaces in Training Games
Authors: Filippova L B , Filippov R A , Sazonova A S , Kuzmenko A A , Telyuchenkova Yu A
Published: April 2021

This paper is devoted to the use of computer three-dimensional graphics and interface for developing educational games that contribute to the gamification of the training process. Similar educational games-analogues are considered, which were created by modern scientists and specialists, in order to fill the games with high-quality content for training. There is given a brief description of the software that is used in the development of game logic and building levels and interfaces that is Unity game engine. In addition to theoretical data, the paper describes the process of developing a graphical three-dimensional environment of the game, from the point of view of the psychology of perception, color, shapes and space, and the user interface, from the point of view of psychological techniques, usability and visual design. The analysis of the interaction between the game and the student was the key point discussed in this paper: how the student can learn about the virtual world and interact with it during the game is an important point that affects the creation of the user interface and game levels. After the development of the game was completed, it was implemented, followed by a survey of a group of students who completed testing at the end of the game. The paper final part gives brief description of the results and provides a comparative table of findings compiled according to game implementation and testing of students.
Methodological Aspects of Diamond Diagnostics for Solving of Geological Interpretation Problems
Authors: Pakhomova V A , Solyanik V A , Tishkina V B
Published: April 2021

The article reveals the results of the long-term studies for diamond crystals found on the territory of Primorye in placer samples. The crystals’ optical and gemological characteristics, morphology, and the composition of micro inclusions were examined with the microprobe method. Special attention was paid to the study of the photoluminescence spectra of the diamonds, since it is one of the relatively new methods which enables to determine the origin of the diamonds. The rapid development of technologies for the synthetic technical-grade diamonds production has expanded the usage of rough diamonds, including the field of geological exploration. It is widely known that the natural diamonds of technical quality were initially used for making diamond crowns (the end of the XIX century and the beginning of the XX century). Synthetic diamonds are also used to produce crown bits, since the volume of their production is several times higher than the volume of the natural diamonds extraction. The synthetic diamonds properties are similar to those of the natural ones; synthetic diamonds are equal to natural diamonds in abrasive qualities, and the most important thing is that they have a lower processing cost. During the long-term exploitation of drilling crowns, diamond grains may fall out of their seats and be lost. This creates a real risk of natural objects contamination while searching new indigenous diamond deposits. The paper gives an algorithm of research conduction that allows to distinguish between natural and synthetic diamonds, prevent incorrect conclusions and to increase the validity of natural diamond findings in placer deposits.
Trans-Border Agro-Industrial Cluster Formation and Development
Authors: Smirnova E A , Sivash O S , Potekhina E N
Published: April 2021

The article considers the main features of trans-border agro-industrial cluster formation and development. The analysis of the concepts “agro-industrial cluster,” “trans-border agro-industrial cluster” is conducted. The main approaches to its formation and development from regional and national development point of views are analyzed. The assessment of formation competitive agro-industrial clusters potentials is presented. The formation stages of agro-industrial clusters are defined. The formation stages of agro-industrial clusters caused by process peculiarities of trans-border cluster are considered. The formation of competitive agro-industrial clusters should be based on the principles of viable systems modeling. The application of the given model in practice while planning the joint activity of businesses being a part of the trans-border agro-industrial cluster will allow to maximize the profit of the whole cluster and each of its national participants.
Challenges of the Sendai Framework for Disaster Risk Reduction Adaption in Russia
Authors: Goryushina E M
Published: April 2021

The article discusses a number of difficulties associated with adaptation and implementation of the main targets of the Sendai Framework for Disaster Risk Reduction 2015-2030 in Russia. A review of Russia’s responsibilities for the implementation of the PSA shows that they were fully transferred to the Ministry of the Russian Federation for Civil Defense, Emergencies and Elimination of Consequences of Natural Disasters (EMERCOM of the Russian Federation). An audit of existing research on this topic is being carried out, in particular, a massive block of foreign and domestic works of scientists and practitioners. An analysis of the documents of the electronic fund of legal and regulatory documents of various governmental bodies directly or indirectly involved in the adaptation of the Sendai Framework for Disaster Risk Reduction also was carried out. It was concluded that there is no uniform informing of the population within the EMERCOM system of the Russian Federation in southern Russia despite a functioning system for monitoring and forecasting emergencies in Russia based on Ministry of Emergency Situations and Roshydromet.
Research of Mixed Carbon Sorbents for Removal of Oil Products from Water and Soil for Preservation of Environmental Infrastructure
Authors: Rogovskii I L , Kalivoshko O M , Yu Maksimovich K , Yu Maksimovich E
Published: April 2021

The article presents the results of studies on the study of technologies for obtaining carbon sorbents from by-products of agriculture, woodworking industry and utilities under the influence of low-temperature one-stage carbonization, as well as structural, physicochemical, absorbing properties of mixed carbon-carbon and carbon-mineral sorbents and their effectiveness and economic feasibility in removing petroleum products from the environment and preserving its infrastructure. Oil consumption and absorption capacity of petroleum products of the mixture of pine sawdust carbonate: expanded graphite, at a ratio of 50:50%, 2.5-3.0 times higher than the sawdust carbonate. Its use is the most promising and cost-effective in removing petroleum products from the environment and preserving environmental infrastructure. The obtained data on influence of the qualitative composition of mixed materials on their sorption capacity in relation to oil and oil products allow us to suggest the feasibility of using carbon-carbon materials as effective sorbents of oil products from water and soil, and carbon-mineral, for example, as effective barriers to preventing the migration of oil and petroleum products into groundwater. Carbon-carbon materials should be used as effective sorbents to remove petroleum products from the water surface and soil, and carbon-mineral as effective barriers to prevent the migration of oil and petroleum products into groundwater.
Change of Technical Condition and Productivity of Grain Harvesters Depending on Term of Operation
Authors: Rogovskii I L , Titova L L , Troyanovskaya I P , Voinash S A , Sokolova V A
Published: April 2021

The regularities of change of technical condition of combine harvester Slavutich KZC-9F depending on service life are determined. It is determined that after the second year of operation, the readiness factors decrease in one season by 0.044 or 5.2%, and the recovery factors increase, respectively, their productivity decreases.Within the normative costs for overhaul repairs of combines and maintenance of their operability during the harvest after the second season of operation, there is an annual decrease in the readiness factor by 0.036.Analysis of rate of change of indicator of selective assessment of the readiness factor allows us to conclude that the service life of the main units, systems, mechanisms of combines is exhausted by the service life of five to six years and a total output of 1200-1400 hours with an average output for the season of 200-280 hours.If the duration of downtime to eliminate failures after the third year of operation changes to a maximum of 22%, the recovery rate increases by 35%.The productivity of the combine harvesters Slavutich KZC-9F increases with increasing service life due to a decrease in the readiness factor. A decrease in the readiness factor by 0.01 causes a decrease in the productivity of the combine by 21.2 tons/season.
Effect of Clay and Zeolite on Cd Migration in Soil-Plant Systems on Various Types of Natural Meadows
Authors: Romanenko A A
Published: April 2021

Nowadays, the special focus is placed on heavy metals. It is explained by the scope of their release into the environment and high toxicity. Moreover, heavy metals are able to enter into biological migration chains and, while entering into a body, affect it causing various types of mutations. Therefore, the search for measures to limit migration of heavy metals in various parts of the biological chain leading to the human has a great significance. The purpose of this paper was to study the effect of local clay and zeolite in the Khotynetskoe quarry of the Orel Region on Cd migration in the soil-plant system on natural meadows. To assess migrations, absorption indices were used that were calculated as the relation of average element contents values in plants (hay) to average values in the soil. During the studies it was found that not only applied ameliorates (clay, zeolite) but also their number affects Cd migration in the soil-plant system (hay).
The LNG Technology for the Development of the Arctic Gas Fields
Authors: Lunkova L G , Melnikov G S , Gulkova S G , Nikitina A N , Gulkov A N
Published: April 2021

The development of the Arctic offshore fields has difficulties today. The harsh climate and lack of infrastructure makes us look for rational ways to resolve the issue of hydrocarbon production in this place. One of the solutions is the construction of a floating LNG plant which can be operated in Arctic conditions. According to the experience of Arctic projects, a technology has been developed that can be helped with the implementation of projects both on the Arctic shelf and onshore. The technology, based on the nitrogen cycle, will be provided the highest liquefaction rate, a compact refrigeration unit with acceptable parameters for plant sea operation, low CAPEX and OPEX and safety at the production facility.
Analysis of the Concept of Human Factor Management in Labor Protection Management Systems (on the Example of Construction Organizations)
Authors: Agoshkov A , Kurochkin P
Published: April 2021

The article analyzes the concept of “human factor”, considers the characteristics of the human factor and the mechanisms for implementing the chain of undesirable events generated by the influence of the human factor on the production and technological process, presents the mechanism for implementing the negative impact of the human factor in decision-making in the field of labor protection, also the development of a chain of negative phenomena. It is shown that the effective functioning of OSH management systems in construction organizations can be ensured by an effective risk management system, the main link of which, in turn, is the education system for workers, which considers the continuous training of a person on safety and labor protection at all stages of his professional growth, education and training.
Assessment of the Level of Legionella Contamination in the Water Systems of the Metropolitan Area
Authors: Kahorova H K , Sambrano G S K , Glebov V V , Kalero E V K
Published: April 2021

The results of a study of the level of Legionella contamination in the water systems of the Metropolitan metropolis are presented. The study of biological contamination of Legionella pneumophila in water bodies of Moscow (Central administrative district) for social purposes (swimming pools, Jacuzzi, boiler room, fountain, and cooling water for cooling towers) revealed the occurrence of the studied species from 7% to 20%. The most frequent occurrence of Legionella pneumophila was found in the Central water supply of the city (CAO of Moscow), which was 36%. For the control and reduction of the activity of pathogens as Legionella pneumophila in water systems of public facilities the city needs to monitor the temperature changes in water supply in the building (hot water should be at a temperature higher than 60 °C and cold below 20 °C). It is also important to use the filters in the taps and showers and to carry out the ionization of water.
Formation of a Tool Base for Studying the Technological Properties of Fibrous Materials
Authors: Sheromova I A , Starkova G P , Starkov S V
Published: April 2021

The object of the study is the characteristics of fibrous materials’ technological properties, ensuring the preservation of their appearance and integrity, and the subject is instrumental methods for determining the thread slippage and falling out of textile fabrics. The object of the study is the characteristics of the technological properties of fibrous materials, ensuring the preservation of their appearance and integrity, and the subject is instrumental methods for assessing the resistance to thread slippage and the resistance to thread falling out of textile fabrics. The purpose of the work is to develop express methods for evaluating the considered characteristics of technological properties, providing increased accuracy and objectivity of the estimated data and the possibility of forming an electronic database of material properties characteristics. To achieve this purpose, the tasks of an analytical, methodological and technical nature has been solved. The result of the development is new patentable methods for determining the resistance to thread slippage and falling out in fiber materials. The developed methods for assessing technological properties, as well as technical devices for their implementation, are intended to determine the parameters of the resistance to thread slippage and falling out in the production and processing of different fibrous materials. The technical solution of the device for evaluating the resistance to thread slippage provides the possibility of visual optical scanning of the position of the device working parts, thereby achieving increased accuracy of the evaluation result. The technical device for evaluating the resistance to thread falling out makes it possible to measure the applied force at a fixed moment of falling technological resistance due to the disappearance of friction between the threads of the fabric. The developed methods belong to the class of express methods and provide the ability to automatically generate an electronic database of material properties. Testing of the proposed solutions was carried out by comparing the estimates obtained using the developed methods and standardized methods and showed sufficient accuracy and the possibility of practical application of the developed methods.
Research of New Thermoelectric Materials Based on Multicomponent Semiconductor Compounds
Authors: Matukhin V L , Shulgin D A , Schmidt E V
Published: April 2021

This paper presents the results of studies of new thermoelectric materials, obtained on the basis of multicomponent semiconductor compounds with a crystal structure of chalcopyrite and delafossite, by methods of nuclear magnetic resonance in a local field (63.65Cu NMR) and nuclear quadrupole resonance (63.65Cu NQR). The values of local magnetic fields at the location of the resonant copper nuclei and the parameters of nuclear quadrupole interactions in chalcopyrite (CuFeS2) and copper aluminate (CuAlO2) are determined. The search for new thermoelectric materials is caused by the low operating efficiency of industrial thermoelectric converters based on bismuth and lead tellurides, which have been used for half a century.
Reliability of Quality of Dry Building Mixtures
Authors: Loganina V I
Published: April 2021

Information about the results of calculating the quality assurance of dry building mixes, based on the requirements of regulatory documents, is provided. An example of calculating the reliability of quality control of raw materials, operational and acceptance control is provided. It is shown that the normative security of the quality of dry construction mixtures is 0.9447957, which implies a probability of a defect 5.52%. To ensure a higher level of dry building mixtures quality, the application of the six sigma methodology is proposed.
Clogging Model for Coarse and Fine Filtering Cloths of Filtering Cylindrical Elements, Preventing Sedimentation of Mechanical Impurities in Their Gap
Authors: Usachev A P , Shuraits A L , Pikalov A A
Published: April 2021

In this paper we propose a method for preventing sedimentation of solid particles in the lower part of the gap between filtering cylindrical elements of coarse and fine purification by increasing the size of the meshes and total thickness of the first downstream gas flow layers of the fine filtering element in excess of the maximum diameter of solid particles. Experimental corroboration for the proposed method showed absence of solid particles’ sedimentation in the lower part of the gap between filtering cylindrical elements of coarse and fine purification and clogging of their meshes. As a result of the experiments, we found that the maximum sedimentation of mechanical impurities inside the first screens of the fine filtering cloth is achieved when their meshes’ size and screens’ thickness are, respectively, equal to three and two and a half maximum diameters of a solid particle. We developed a mathematical model that describes the clogging dynamics of filtering elements, where pressure losses in the first section with constant mesh sizes of all screens and in the second section with a sequential decrease in mesh sizes have different clogging rates and therefore are calculated separately from each other. The clogging process at each section of the multilayer filter cloth is represented as a successive decrease in the effective screening area of the screen meshes. The mathematical model makes it possible to prevent the sedimentation of mechanical impurities in the gap between gas filter elements of coarse and fine purification and allows to analytically determine the clogging degree at any time of operation, depending on the pressure losses’ values.
Increasing the Corrosion Resistance of the Material of Oil and Gas Equipment in Water-Salt Solutions by Changing the Electrochemical Parameters
Authors: Yu Pechenkina M , Latypov O R , Bugai D E
Published: April 2021

The high aggressiveness of process liquids associated with the presence of dissolved gases, mechanical impurities, salt ions, mineral acids and bases in them contributes to the destruction of oil and gas equipment. The main way to increase the corrosion resistance of the material of oil and gas equipment under the action of acidic components is the injection of a chemical reagent - a neutralizer. To study the effect of an electric field on production media, a method has been developed to control the electrochemical parameters of these media. According to the method, the flow of the medium is processed in a special unit by an electric field, which helps to separate the liquid into two oppositely charged flows - anolyte and catholyte. In this work, the study made it possible to establish the effect of catholyte on the kinetics of corrosion, and also revealed the dependence of the corrosion rate of carbon steel 09G2S on the concentration of the reagent alkali and catholyte at different pH values. A comparative assessment of the use of the most effective concentration of catholyte to increase the corrosion resistance of the material has been carried out.
Competitiveness Economic Assessment of Russian Natural Gas and Electricity Supplies for China under Inter-Fuel Competition
Authors: Elyakova I D , Zhao Z , Pakhomov A A , Nikolaeva I V , Elyakov A L
Published: April 2021

Calculations to assess the effectiveness of inter-fuel competition between natural gas, coal and electricity for the production and consumption of thermal energy in China are presented in the article. The analysis of electrical capacity, the structure of the electrical balance, and the dynamics of production and consumption of energy resources (electric and thermal energy, coal, gas) is conducted. Environmental problems due to carbon dioxide emissions at coal-fired power plants in China are revealed. The advantages of using electricity for electric heating for Russia and China are outlined, and the efficiency of the prospects for exporting renewable (nonpolluting) electricity that is generated after the construction of a cascade of hydroelectric power plants in Southern Yakutia for electric heating is evaluated. Effective mechanisms of attraction, formation and use of Russian and foreign investments for projects of construction of HPP cascades with the expected efficiency of invested funds by public and private investors for both countries are proposed.
Effect of application of organomineral fertilizers
Authors: Orekhovskaya A A , Klyosov D N
Published: April 2021

The article deals with the problems of increasing soil fertility and crop yields, as well as the utilization of livestock runoff of enterprises. A new organomineral fertilizer was developed, and its effectiveness was studied in the field on typical Chernozem and winter wheat. As a result of research, it was found that the proposed organomineral fertilizer has a positive effect on soil fertility, the excess in relation to the control was: nitrate nitrogen – 1.8 times, mobile phosphorus – 2.2, exchange potassium – 1.3. The increase in yield relative to the control from the use of organomineral fertilizer was 0.99 ton/ha (76 %).
Dairy goats productivity using the probiotic preparation “Plantarum” in the diet
Authors: Funk I A , Vladimirov N I , Kravchenko A P , Dorofeev R V , Grebenshchikova A V
Published: April 2021

The influence of the experimental probiotic “Plantarum” on the productive and some exterior-constitutional features of dairy Saanen breed goats was studied. The preparation was developed in the microbiology laboratory of milk and dairy products of the department “Siberian Research Institute for Cheese Making” of the Federal State Budgetary Scientific Institution “Federal Altai Scientific Center of Agrobiotechnology” (FSBSI FASCA). The composition of the preparation includes pure cultures of probiotic strains of lactobacilli and propionic acid bacteria from the “Siberian collection of microorganisms”. The probiotic preparation in liquid form was introduced into concentrated feed (oats). The positive effect of the use of the probiotic “Plantarum” on the average daily milk yield of the experimental groups of fully developed (assessed by the exterior) pregnant female goats was established. A significant increase in milk yield was observed in the second and third groups by 1.66% (p < 0.05) and 3.27% (p < 0.05), respectively. With an increase in the average daily milk yield, the main physical and chemical parameters of milk (mass fraction of fat, mass fraction of protein) of the experimental groups did not decrease. There was a tendency to improve the safety of young animals in the second and third groups with an increase in the probiotic dose. At this stage of the work, the optimal dose with the maximum positive effect of introducing the probiotic preparation into the diet of experimental animals (0.8 ml/kg of body weight per day) was established. In this connection, it is necessary to conduct an additional experiment with an increase in the dose of probiotic administration when feeding it to experimental animals.
Diagnosis of hepatopathy in Holstein cattle with metabolic disorders
Authors: Kalugniy I I , Markova D S , Yashin A V , Prusakov A V , Ponamarev V S , Andreeva N L
Published: April 2021

This article is devoted to the pathologies of the hepatobiliary system in highly productive imported Holstein cattle against the background of metabolic disorders. The basic principles of diagnostics of hepatopathies, which include a biochemical blood test and ultrasonographic studies of the liver and gallbladder in the studied animals, are considered. The dynamics of changes in the parameters of alanine aminotransferase, aspartate aminotransferase and total bilirubin in highly productive cattle, depending on the physiological state of animals, was analyzed, as well as the main ultrasonographic changes in the liver of cows with metabolic disorders.
Development and application of new methods of correction and prevention of metabolic diseases in Holstein cattle
Authors: Stepanov I S , Kalugniy I I , Markova D S , Yashin A V , Prusakov A V , Ponamarev V S , Lunegov A M
Published: April 2021

The article presents data on the periods and main reasons for the retirement of highly productive Holstein cattle at dairy farms, and offers the production of improved therapeutic and preventive measures for metabolic disorders in cows.
Yield of winter rape in Ryazan region
Authors: Lupova E I , Sazonkin K D , Vinogradov D V
Published: April 2021

The scientific work presents the experimental data on growing varieties and hybrids of winter rape in Ryazan region. The experiment studied the action of fungicide Caramba having a growth stimulating effect on winter rape plants. Weather conditions in 2018-2020 were satisfactory for the development of winter rape, which contributed to its rather good overwintering. During the years of winter rape monitoring, the development of diseases was not marked significantly. On average, according to experiments, the development of Alternaria blight on winter rape was recorded over the entire surveyed area, with a degree of development of 1.5-3.2 % and prevalence of 1 to 6 %, gray rot with a degree of development of 0.3-0.5 % and prevalence of 0.2-0.3 %, on variants without treating with Caramba. Rokhan F, Citro F, Visby F and Zorny were the best in terms of the yield structure. In the experiments, on average, the most productive were the hybrid of the German selection Rokhan (26.8-27.8 dt/ha), Citro (23.9-24.7 dt/ha), Belarusian cultivar Zorny (22.7-23.3 dt/ha). On average, a high survival rate was recorded when treating with fungicide Caramba according to variants with Safran (78.7 %), Rokhan (80.9 %), Zorny (75.5 %).
The content of bacteria, yeasts and fungi in the soils of apple orchards in the north CCR
Authors: Zakharov V L , Zubkova T V , Gulidova V A
Published: April 2021

The aim of our research was to study the ratio of bacteria, yeast and fungi in soils occupied by apple orchards of different ages in the northern part of the Central Black Earth Region and fragmentarily in the Stavropol Territory. The research was carried out in 2015-2017 in fruit growing farms in the Tambov, Lipetsk, Penza regions and the Stavropol Territory. The objects of research were soils (typical chernozem, leached, podzolized, meadow-chernozem, chernozem-meadow, chernozem-moist-meadow and gray forest soils) under industrial apple orchards. The gardens were laid out according to 5x3, 6x4 and 6x8 m schemes on stocks 62-396, 54-118 and seed. The age of the surveyed gardens is from 15 to 89 years. In the waterlogged chernozem-meadow and chernozem-moist-meadow soils, the highest number of bacteria was noted, but the lowest number of fungi. The greatest amount of yeast and mold fungi (favorable for the apple rhizosphere micro flora) is noted in gray forest soils and podzolized chernozems. In the root layers of the near-stem strips of apple orchards, there were 2.3 times less bacteria, but 3.8 times more yeast and 4.4 times more fungi than in the aisles. There are more bacteria, yeast, and fungi in the humus horizon of the near-stem strips of old apple orchards than in the soils of younger orchards. As the age of the garden increases in the ratio “bacteria: yeast: fungi”, the proportion of yeast increases 2 times, and the proportion of fungi - 1.5 times. A year after stubbing the gardens in the 0-40 cm soil layer, the amount of molds becomes average between their content in the near-trunk strips and aisles. The death of trees on chestnut soil was noted where there were 5 times more bacteria, 2.5 times less yeast and 2 times less fungi.
Assessment of the compliance of biological characteristics of some grain crops to abiotic factors on the example of the steppe zone of Zavolzhye
Authors: Chetverikov F , Denisov K , Geraskina A , Morozova S , Alimpieva M
Published: April 2021

This article identifies the optimal conditions for the growth of winter, spring durum and spring soft wheat in Zavolzhye. It has been established that the amount of precipitation in September of at least 120 mm at an average temperature of at least 15 °C and a hydrothermic coefficient value of at least 1.2 contributes to the formation of winter wheat yield of 3.5–4.0 t/ha. For spring durum wheat, the best combination of temperature and humidity conditions is at a hydrothermal coefficient of 1.0–1.2. At a hydrothermic coefficient 0.7, it is possible to put a grain yield of spring durum wheat of no more than 0.70 t/ha. Spring soft wheat forms the highest yield at an average temperature of 13 °C in April, 16 °C in May, 24–25 °C in June and 25–26 °C in July. The best combination of temperature and humidity conditions for the growing season of spring soft wheat and the formation of the maximum yield occurs when the hydrothermic coefficient is 1.0 in April; 0.8-1.0 in May; 0.7-0.9 in June; and 1.1-1.2 in July.
Photosynthetic activity of soybean crops in response to different sowing times under the environmental conditions of the Russian Far East
Authors: Fedorova T N , Aseeva T A , Selezneva N A
Published: April 2021

The aim of this study was to determine the optimal sowing time for photosynthetic activity in the soybean varieties «Batya» and «Khabarovskiy Yubilyar» in the Russian Far East. We studied the influence of several parameters that induce photosynthetic activity on the productive qualities of soybean seeds from these varieties at different sowing dates. Studies have shown that the factor which most significantly determines biological productivity is leaf area. Here, leaf area accounted for 92.3% of the total productivity, with 77.3% depending on the photosynthetic potential of the soybean plants. Optimal conditions for the growth of soybean leaves and the duration of their function were created during the May sowing dates. The leaf area of «Batya» and «Khabarovskiy Yubilyar» varieties decreased by 6–36% and 11–27%, respectively, at later sowing dates. The lowest net photosynthetic productivity in «Batya» was 2.0 g/m2/day during the late sowing period, and the maximum value recorded was 4.2 g/m2/day when sowing was at the end of May. The lowest photosynthetic productivity for the variety «Khabarovskiy Yubilyar» (3.4 g/m2/day) was also recorded in plants from the late sowing period.
Productivity of young cattle of the Kalmyk breed with stable-pasture technology of cultivation
Authors: Prystupa B N , Krotova O E , Mashtykov S S , Lidzhiev E B , Dordzhieva D E
Published: April 2021

The authors conducted a comparative analysis of growth energy indicators and dynamics of live weight of young Kalmyk breed at different levels of feeding during the suckling period. It is shown that during the entire period of cultivation, the consumption of metabolic energy in experimental bulls was 4000 MJ and 50 kg of digestible protein more than in peers of the control group. Additional feeding of suckling calves provided an advantage in the average daily growth in bulls by 70 g, and in heifers by 38 g per head per day. From the bulls of the experimental group, which have higher live weight indicators and a lower cost of 1 kg of growth than their peers in the control group, but with the same selling cost of 1 kg of live weight, 56.1% more profit was obtained and 5.3% higher profitability.
Resistance of citrus crops in Abkhazia to damage by the woolly whitefly Aleurothrixus floccosus (Maskell)
Authors: Ayba L Ya , Karpun N N , Kulava L D , Shoshina E I , Sabekia D A
Published: April 2021

Citrus crops are the most important among subtropical crops in the Republic of Abkhazia. In 2019-2020 a new pest was discovered in the citrus agrocenosis of Abkhazia – the woolly whitefly Aleurothrixus floccosus (Maskell). The pest has been identified in all regions of the country. The degree of damage to mandarin on industrial plantations reaches 50% and more. An assessment of the resistance of 79 varieties of citrus crops from the collection of the Institute of Agriculture of the Academy of Sciences of Abkhazia to damage by a woolly whitefly (Gulrypsh district of the Republic of Abkhazia) was carried out. The degree of damage to citrus genotypes was different. It was found that the most affected varieties are Citrus limon (L.) Osbeck, as well as C. × meyeri and C. aurantifolia Sw. Tangerine, orange varieties (Hamlin, Maro and Grushevidny Koroliok) and pompelmus varieties (Mato Buntan, Natsu mican, Meteleva) are the least damaged.
Diagnostics of the genus Acer L. diseases using the pathographic method on the territory of Sokolovogorsk Park in Saratov
Authors: Sokolskaya Olga B , Andrushko Tatyana A , Tokareva Vestislavna M , Yarmashevich Marina A
Published: April 2021

The article analyzes the diseases and pests of the trees of the genus Acer L. It was found out that the most resistant species on the territory of the studied object is Acer negundo L. It was found out also that 80-95% of black spot (Rhytisma acerinum) affect the leaves of Acer platanoides L., and powdery mildew (Uncinula aceris Sacc) damages them either. The brown spot (Phyllosticta fraxinicola) affects 50-68% of Acer campestre. The most effective chemical preparations have been determined, i.e. Skor (85-97%). Iron vitriol for the table (at a concentration of 8-10%, 400 g per 100 water) effectively helped to cope both with lichens - lichens disappeared during 4-6 days, and with powdery mildew, various rot disappeared up to 70-89%. Effective biological preparations have been identified to combat spottiness, such as Baktofit (positive result - 83%), Gamair (positive result - 80%), Fitosporin-M (positive result -78%).
Factors of the haploproducer method in the F1 hybrids system T. aestivum L. - Z. mays L. optimization
Authors: Burlutsky V A , Pronina I V , Zavarykina T M , Tulinova E A , Tsygankova N V
Published: April 2021

Preliminary results of optimization of the method of haploproducer Zea mays L. for hybrid genotypes of spring common wheat Triticum aestivum L. in order to create diploidized haploid lines and their integration into practical breeding are presented. Regularities of the regeneration of normal chlorophyll-bearing haploid plants and the dependence of the morphogenesis of haplo-embryoids in vitro on optimization factors of various genesis and their effectiveness on hybrids created on the basis of varieties of different ecological and geographical origin were revealed. It was found that the manifestation of the effect of heterosis contributes to an increase in the yield of haploid chlorophyll-bearing regenerants when receiving hybrids from parental forms with different responsiveness to androgenesis and haploproducing. The advantage of the ecological-geographical principle of selection of parental pairs in increasing the degree of responsiveness of hybrid genotypes of spring wheat to in vitro androgenesis and haploproducing is shown. The practical advantage of the haploproducer method in the F1 system of T. aestivum - Z. mays in comparison with the androgenesis method in the anther culture in vitro is a higher optimization potential in summa. In order to intensify the biotechnological breeding process, it is recommended to use the optimized method of the haploproducer - Z. mays, which provides for the cumulative twel-method of pollination with a mixture of pollen from maize lines with different haplo-producing properties (increasing the quantitative yield of haplo-embryos) and a hormone stimulation scheme with pretreatment of the spike material of the hybrids with epibrassinolide (increasing the degree of their differentiation), which in total makes it possible to significantly accelerate the creation of diploidized haploid lines, regardless of the influence of the genotype of the original hybrids.
The Greater and Lesser Spotted Eagles in the Center of European Russia
Authors: Shukov P M , Bakka S V , Kiseleva N Y
Published: April 2021

This article presents new data on the number and distribution of the Greater and Lesser Spotted Eagles (Aquila clanga and A. pomarina) in 9 regions located in the central part of European Russia. The area under surveys is 415,900 km2. The results of surveys carried out in the Nizhny Novgorod region (76,900 km2) in 2014-2020 allow us to characterize the level of underestimation of the Greater Spotted Eagle in the region in previous periods, as well as estimate the degree of knowledge of the species in adjacent regions and calculate the probable number of the Greater Spotted Eagle in the study area (about 500 breeding pairs). In the central part of the Russian Plain, the important areas for the Great Spotted Eagle have been identified, which are very significant for the species conservation. The activities to protect the Greater Spotted Eagle are discussed. They should combine the establishment of protected areas and regulation of nature management aimed at the conservation of breeding habitats. The Lesser Spotted Eagle expanding its home range rapidly to the east has been shown. The relevance, great theoretical and practical significance of the study of the Lesser Spotted Eagle population, developing in the center of European Russia has been demonstrated.
Yield of barley grain and returns of fertilizers when applying different doses in the Vologda region
Authors: Chukhina O V , Demidova A I , Obryaeva O D , Kulakova I E , Demidov N S
Published: April 2021

The article presents studies conducted in 2015 - 2018. in the field of stationary long-term experience. It was found that the studied fertilization systems made it possible to increase the yield of spring barley grain from 90 to 120% in comparison with the control, nitrogen removal of 1 ton of grain with the corresponding amount of straw - by 4-6 kg. The payment for the applied fertilizer systems was the highest in the variant where 44 kg of a.i. / ha were applied. An increase in fertilizer doses up to 210-230 and more kg a.i. / ha showed a tendency towards a decrease in the payment for fertilizers by the crop.
Digitalization and automation of the agricultural sector
Authors: Evdokimova Y
Published: April 2021

The research is aimed at studying the necessity and readiness of the agricultural sector for digital changes. New opportunities offered by digitalization to the agricultural sector have been identified. Creating final value for the consumer of the agricultural sector is complicated. Automation allows you to optimize each component of the process, as well as the overall results. Legal positions of optimization of digital changes in the agricultural sector in Russia are studied. The factors hindering the introduction of digital technologies in the agricultural sector in Russia are considered in detail. The structure of the implemented national platform for digital state management of agriculture “Digital agriculture” is considered. Seven main directions of digital development of agriculture are presented. The analysis of the created catalog of digital technologies in the segment of agriculture is made. Digital technologies in the agricultural sector that are in steady demand are identified. We consider popular technologies that were at the peak of expectations, and then reached the plateau of productivity. New digital trends that are changing the agricultural industry have been studied.
Assessment of the state of digitalization of the agro-industrial complex
Authors: Chernyakov M K , Chernyakova M M , Chernyakova I A , Gritsenko G M , Gromov S S
Published: April 2021

The article analyzes the state and prospects of the process of transformation of the agro-industrial complex into a digital economy. A comparative analysis of the digitalization process in Russia and its region-the Novosibirsk region. It was found that the rate of digitalization in the Novosibirsk region is higher than the average for Russia and the Siberian Federal district. Agricultural risks of the digital economy are identified. Priority directions for the development of digitalization of the agricultural sector of the Novosibirsk region are outlined.
Measures to improve the effectiveness of state support for agriculture at the regional level
Authors: Kuznetsova M V , Zinovyeva E G , Skripchenko A V
Published: April 2021

Acceleration of the pace of development of science and technology in recent decades requires a change in approaches to the formation and implementation of state innovation policy. In developed countries, more than 80% of economic growth is achieved through the innovative development of economic sectors. The progressive development of agricultural production is also conditioned by the implementation of scientific and technological achievements through their approbation and development in production. The article analyzes the main measures to improve the efficiency of state support for agriculture at the regional level on the example of the Chelyabinsk region.
Effect of pre-sowing treatment of onion seeds (Allium cepa L.)
Authors: Dvoryashina T A
Published: April 2021

The article examines the effectiveness of pre-sowing seed treatment on the structure of the onion crop. It was found that treatment with Probiotic (1:100), Eco-organic (0.1), with a content of silver nanoparticles (30 ppm) contributed to the production of onions (Allium cepa L.) with a bulb diameter of 15.1-22 mm in an amount of 71.5 to 84.0 %.