bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Management of confirmed mushroom poisoning
Authors: Brzuszkiewicz Kinga , Pożarowska Kinga , Rudziński Gracjan , Łozowski Borys , Kusak Natalia , Grunwald Arkadiusz , Tchórz Michał
Published: December 2022

During the autumn season, it is common for mushroom pickers to eat poisonous mushrooms. This is due to many reasons, including the ignorance of pickers. The most common is the misidentification of inedible species as edible mushrooms. The result is poisoning, which in many cases requires hospitalization.

This paper presents a case report of toadstool poisoning by a 62-year-old female patient. In addition, other relevant publications on intoxication, diagnostic methods and treatment are reviewed. The purpose of this paper is to present the management and treatment of a case of toadstool poisoning.

The effects of mushroom poisoning can range from mild disorders, mainly gastrointestinal to organ failure and even death. Significant elevations of liver enzymes and prothrombin time are important in laboratory tests in cases of intoxication. Treatment most often involves specific antidotes, such as Sylimarin, Acetylcysteine. The diagnosis in most cases is made on the basis of the clinical picture and a thorough interview with the patient, and the diagnosis is established by detecting toxins in a urine test. The prognosis is better if patients with toadstool poisoning are admitted to the hospital early. It is worth noting that gastrointestinal syndromes can also result from eating raw or inadequately cooked mushrooms, and by eating them excessively or too often.

Proper diagnosis and treatment of mushroom poisoning can save lives. It is very important to raise public awareness of mushroom poisoning, as well as early detection of potential signs of intoxication. Cooperation with the poison center and mycologists is very important, especially in high-risk cases.
Incomplete Information, Debt Issuance, and the Term Structure of Credit Spreads
Authors: Benzoni Luca , Garlappi Lorenzo , Goldstein Robert
Published: December 2022

We derive a firm’s debt issuance policy when managers have an informational advantage over creditors and face debt restructuring costs. In our model, regardless of how poor their private signal is, managers of firms that can access the credit market avoid default by issuing new debt to service existing debt. Therefore, only bonds of firms that have exhausted their ability to borrow are subject to jump-to-default risk because of incomplete information and, in turn, command a jump-to-default risk premium. We document that our model captures many salient features of the corporate bond market.

This paper was accepted by Kay Giesecke, finance.

Supplemental Material: The online appendix and data are available at https://doi.org/10.1287/mnsc.2022.4529 .
Supporting patients living with obesity in general practice
Authors: Mulrooney Hilda
Published: December 2022

General practice is ideally suited to support patients with weight management. Hilda Mulrooney outlines some of the barriers facing nurses working in general practice and ways to overcome these

Primary care is identified in national guidance as fundamental to supporting patients living with overweight and obesity. Despite this, weight is not routinely recorded and many practitioners are ambivalent about their role in this area. Barriers to addressing excess weight in primary care have been identified by patients and healthcare practitioners. This article outlines some of the barriers identified by both groups. In addition, approaches and resources which may help health professionals overcome barriers are suggested.
Enhancing the performance of the Primary Surveillance Radar using Multilateration
Authors: CONSTANTINESCU Nicolae , CONSTANTINESCU Emil , CHIRA Alina-Ioana
Published: December 2022

One way to improve the measurements of the PSR (Primary Surveillance Radar) is to utilize the cinematic model of the aircraft (A/C) in a Kalman filter. Another newly developed method would be to implement multilateration using a large number of ground-based ADS-B (Automatic Dependent Surveillance-Broadcast) receivers. Originating in airport surveillance, multilateration grew to become the primary system for ATM (Air Traffic Management) in airspaces without PSR coverage. Given that each of the systems has its own advantages and limitations, we propose an evaluation of an alternative approach that uses data from multiple ADS-B receivers to implement a data fusion algorithm between PSR acquired position and MLAT (Multilateration) estimated position. Among the many ways to implement data fusion, have chosen to analyze two possible solutions: the direct fusion of the two available positions provided by the two systems using a traditional Kalman Filter and a linearization approach for the multilateration solution that does not require position computation. In both cases, these will improve the Kalman filter and lower the position estimation errors. The evaluation takes into consideration the possible sources of inaccuracies and provides sensibility analyses in regards to the number and positioning of ADS-B receivers involved in multilateration. This paper will conclude with a discussion of the computational power required for the two implementations.
December 2022 Medical Image of the Month: Bronchoesophageal fistula in the Setting of Pulmonary Actinomycosis
Authors:   Mayo Clinic Arizona, Phoenix, AZ USA, Fanous John
Published: December 2022

No abstract available. Article truncated after 150 words. A 65-year-old woman, never smoker with hypothyroidism, hypertension, anxiety, and depression disorders, initially presented to the emergency department with progressive nonspecific chest discomfort for two days. She had CT Angio, which was negative for PE but showed a 4.6 cm subcarinal centrally necrotic nodal mass (Figure 1A-B). She was subsequently advised to follow up with her primary care physician. A week later, she attended our emergency department again with a new intermittent cough and one episode of non-bloody emesis. She reported a sensation of drowning with the intake of liquids and subsequent intractable coughing. Otherwise, she did not have other associated symptoms such as shortness of breath, abdominal pain, fever, sweats, or chills. Vital signs and physical exam were unremarkable. A repeat chest CT was performed, which demonstrated internal cavitation of the subcarinal mass with fistulous communication between the lumen of the midthoracic esophagus and the proximal left mainstem bronchus …
Monitoring neonatal brain hemorrhage progression by photoacoustic tomography
Authors: Shan Tianqi , Yang Hao , Jiang Shixie , Jiang Huabei
Published: December 2022

Neonatal brain hemorrhage (NBH) is the most common neurological disorder in neonates and its clinical interventions are very limited. Understanding the pathology of NBH by non-invasive in-vivo characterization of standardized animal models is essential for developing potential treatments. Currently, there is no suitable tool to provide non-invasive, non-ionizing dynamic imaging of neonatal mouse models with high resolution, high contrast, and deep imaging depth. In this study, we implemented a fast 3D photoacoustic tomography (PAT) system suitable for imaging neonatal mouse brains with good image quality and demonstrated its feasibility in non-invasive monitoring of the dynamic process of NBH in the whole neonatal mouse brain. The results present a high resolution and sensitivity for NBH detection. Both morphological and hemodynamic changes of the hematoma were accurately obtained. Our results demonstrated the potential of PAT as a powerful tool for the preclinical study of neonatal brain hemorrhage.
Surpassing the resolution limitation of structured illumination microscopy by an untrained neural network
Authors: He Yu , Yao Yunhua , He Yilin , Huang Zhengqi , Luo Fan , Zhang Chonglei , Qi Dalong , Jia Tianqing , Wang Zhiyong , Sun Zhenrong , Yuan Xiaocong , Zhang Shian
Published: December 2022

Structured illumination microscopy (SIM), as a flexible tool, has been widely applied to observing subcellular dynamics in live cells. It is noted, however, that SIM still encounters a problem with theoretical resolution limitation being only twice over wide-field microscopy, where imaging of finer biological structures and dynamics are significantly constrained. To surpass the resolution limitation of SIM, we developed an image postprocessing method to further improve the lateral resolution of SIM by an untrained neural network, i.e., deep resolution-enhanced SIM (DRE-SIM). DRE-SIM can further extend the spatial frequency components of SIM by employing the implicit priors based on the neural network without training datasets. The further super-resolution capability of DRE-SIM is verified by theoretical simulations as well as experimental measurements. Our experimental results show that DRE-SIM can achieve the resolution enhancement by a factor of about 1.4 compared with conventional SIM. Given the advantages of improving the lateral resolution while keeping the imaging speed, DRE-SIM will have a wide range of applications in biomedical imaging, especially when high-speed imaging mechanisms are integrated into the conventional SIM system.
Real-time monitoring of toxic CS2 with high concentrations using a suitable terahertz photonic crystal fiber
Authors: Kumar Vikas , Varshney R. K.
Published: December 2022

Detection of toxic carbon disulfide (

C
S

2

) at high concentration, arising due to heavy industrial utilities, is an essential requirement for a sustainable ecosystem and healthcare. However, research and development of appropriate sensor devices to monitor a very high concentration of

C
S

2

are lacking. We design a polyethylene (PE) photonic crystal fiber (PCF) consisting of two interpenetrating periodic hexagonal lattices of teflon inclusions and air holes in the cladding, which can monitor ambient

C
S

2

with extremely high precision in a wide concentration range. Here, we measure the time delay difference (TDD) associated with the difference between group velocities of the two supported modes due to changes in

C
S

2

concentration in the prescribed holes. For a 10 cm long variant of the designed PCF operating at 0.75 THz frequency, we observe a linearly increasing TDD variation from

∼

2

to 13 ps due to change in

C
S

2

concentration from 17 to 50%. However, when the

C
S

2

concentration exceeds the 50% range, we observe decreasing TDD characteristics. In this high concentration regime (

>

50

%

), we monitor

C
S

2

by analyzing second mode loss (SML) variation due to concentration change (at 0.98 THz frequency), where SML increases up to

∼

30

d
B

for

∼

100

%

ambient

C
S

2

concentration. Here, we achieve a high concentration sensitivity where a variation of 1.6 dB SML is observed with a unit concentration change of

C
S

2

. The proposed scheme has an immense potential to boost the technologies for high-precision gas monitoring devices.
Analysis of dephasing time of plasmonic hybridization modes using a quasi-normal mode method
Authors: Wang Lun , Ji Boyu , Xu Yang , Lang Peng , Song Xiaowei , Lin Jingquan
Published: December 2022

Measuring and regulating the localized surface plasmon (LSP) dephasing time (lifetime) of bonding and antibonding modes in nanosystems is the basis for the application of LSP devices. Here, we investigate the modulation of the dephasing time of hybridization modes generated by the coupling between dipole and quadrupole LSP modes in an asymmetric nanorod dimer by combining finite-difference time-domain numerical simulations with the quasi-normal mode (QNM) method. We surprisingly find that the dephasing time of the antibonding mode can be as long as 10.55 fs, which is 30% longer than that of the quadrupole mode supported by an isolated long rod (7.94 fs). Moreover, it is found that the dephasing times of the antibonding and bonding modes can be selectively modulated by changing the gap size or rod length in the dimer. A 6 THz difference between peak frequencies obtained from directly reading the near-field spectra and from the QNM fitting of near-field spectra is observed due to mode interactions existing with a gap size of 60 nm. This work demonstrates that QNM is a superior method in analyzing complex spectra, and it advances our understanding of the dynamical evolution of plasmonic hybrid modes.
5.32 W ultraviolet laser generation at 266 nm using sum-frequency method with CsB3O5 crystal
Authors: Chen Xudong , Chen Yuwei , Zhang Ling , Fan Feidi , Zhang Zhiyan , Zhang Guochun , Wang Xiaoyang , Wang Lirong
Published: December 2022

Ultraviolet (UV) beam generation at 266 nm using the sum-frequency (SFG) method with CsB3O5 (CBO) crystals was first suggested in 1997 [Opt. Lett. 22, 1840 (1997).10.1364/OL.22.001840]; however, there has been no further research in the past 25 years. Herein, by sum-frequency mixing in CBO crystals, we obtained a high conversion efficiency picosecond (ps) and a high-power nanosecond (ns) 266 nm UV beam output. First, a ps laser device with simultaneously radiated wavelengths of 1064 and 355 nm and repetition frequency of 10 Hz was used as the fundamental laser source, and the conversion efficiency from 1064 + 355 nm to 266 nm reached 20.35%. We then used a 1064 nm ns laser with a high output power and repetition frequency of 10 kHz as the pump source. We accurately modified the optimal phase matching direction of the CBO crystal, and the achieved output power at 266 nm reached 5.32 W.
Optical sensor for remote estimation of CO2 concentration in the blood stream
Authors: Calili Daniel , Biederman Yevgeny , Agdarov Sergey , Biederman Yafim , Zalevsky Zeev
Published: December 2022

Speckle pattern analysis become a widespread method for remote sensing of various biomedical parameters. This technique is based on tracking the secondary speckle patterns reflected from a human skin illuminated by a laser beam. Speckle pattern variations can be translated into the corresponding partial carbon dioxide (CO2) state (High or Normal) in the bloodstream. We present a novel approach for remote sensing of human blood carbon dioxide partial pressure (PCO2) based on speckle pattern analyses combined with machine learning approach. The blood CO2 partial pressure is an important indicative parameter for a variety of malfunctions in the human body.
Unambiguous spectral characterization on triplet energy transfer from quantum dots mediated by hole transfer competing with other carrier dynamics
Authors: Wang Lei , Yang Gaoyuan , Zhang Boyu , Zhang Xin , Liu Dezheng , Liang Ying , Liang Guijie
Published: December 2022

Triplet generation by quantum dots (QDs)-sensitized molecules emerges great potential in many applications. However, the mechanism of triplet energy transfer (TET) is still fuzzy especially due to the complicated energy level alignment of QDs and molecules or trap states in QDs. Here, CdSe QDs and 5-tetracene carboxylic acid (TCA) molecules are selected as the triplet donor and acceptor, respectively, to form a TET system. By tuning the band gap of CdSe, the CdSe-TCA complex is exactly designed to present a Type-II like alignment of relative energetics. Coupling the transient absorption and time-resolved fluorescence spectra, all carrier dynamics is distinctly elucidated. Quantitative analysis demonstrates that hole transfer persisting for ∼ 2 ps outcompetes all other carrier dynamics such as electron trapping (∼100 ps level), charge recombination (∼ 5 ns) and the so-called “back transfer charge recombination” (∼50 ns), and thus leads to a hole-transfer-mediated TET process. The low TET yield (∼34.0%) ascribed to electron behavior can be further improved if electron trapping and charge recombination are efficiently suppressed. The observation on distinguishable carrier dynamics attributed to legitimate design of energy level alignment facilitates a better understanding of the TET mechanism from QDs to molecules as well as further development of photoelectronic devices based on such TET systems.
Nakagami statistics-based photoacoustic spectroscopy used for label-free assessment of bone tissue
Authors: Feng Ting , Zhu Yihan , Gao Xiaoxiang , Xie Weiya , Ma Haigang , Cheng Liming , Ta Dean , Chen Qian
Published: December 2022

Quick identification of abnormal molecular metabolism of bone tissues is challenging. Photoacoustic (PA) spectroscopy techniques have great potential in molecular imaging. However, most of them are amplitude-dependent and easily affected by the light deposition, especially for bone tissues with high optical scattering. In this Letter, we propose a Nakagami statistics-based PA spectroscopy (NSPS) method for characterizing molecules in bone tissues. We indicate that the NSPS curve can intelligently identify changes in the content of molecules in bone tissues, with a high disturbance-resisting ability. The NSPS has remarkable potential for use in the early and rapid detection of bone diseases.
Simultaneous measurement of refractive index and temperature based on a side-polish and V-groove plastic optical fiber SPR sensor
Authors: Chuanxin Teng , Shao Peng , Min Rui , Deng Hongchang , Chen Ming , Deng Shijie , Hu Xuehao , Marques Carlos , Yuan Libo
Published: December 2022

A simple plastic optical fiber (POF) based surface plasmon resonance (SPR) sensor is proposed and demonstrated for simultaneous measurement of refractive index (RI) and temperature. The sensor consists of a series of V-grooves along the POF and a side-polish structure at the other side of the fiber. The V-groove structure can alter the SPR excitation angle and act as a mode filter, effectively enhancing the SPR effect and narrowing the SPR wavelength width. After coating a layer of thermosensitive material—polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) film on half part of the fiber probe, a dual-parameter sensor probe is obtained for RI and temperature measurement. Experimental results show the RI sensitivity of the prepared probe can reach 1546 nm/RIU in the RI range of 1.335–1.37 RIU and the temperature sensitivity is −0.83 nm/°C in the temperature range of 20–80°C. The sensor is simple in structure and low cost, and has potential applications in the biochemical sensing fields.
Adverse selection in iBuyer business models—don’t buy lemons!
Authors: Helgaker Eirik , Oust Are , Pollestad Arne J.
Published: December 2022

The rise of instant buyer (iBuyer) businesses in the past years has made automated valuation models (AVMs) an important part of the property market. Although iBuyer services are in demand, large actors within the segment have reported dissatisfying profits over time. The business model is subject to adverse selection as homeowners based on their superior knowledge of their home are more likely to accept overpriced bids than underpriced bids, making the iBuyer purchase more overpriced dwellings. In this paper, we use a dataset consisting of 84,905 apartment transactions from Oslo, the Norwegian capital. We use 80% of the dataset to train three different AVMs similar to those used by iBuyers. Next, we construct some simple purchasing rules from the predictive accuracies found in the training dataset. Finally, taking the remaining 20% of the data in a test dataset, we introduce an adverse selection indicator based on accepted probability distributions and calculate the average expected resale profits per apartment for a hypothetical iBuyer. We find that adverse selection has a large negative impact on average profits for the hypothetical iBuyer. Furthermore, the simple purchasing rules are able to improve the profit by 1 percentage point per apartment when adverse selection is present.
Incidence of macrosomia in Mexico: National and subnational estimations
Authors: Avendaño-Alvarez Fermín , Monterrubio-Flores Eric , Omaña-Guzmán Isabel , Teros Miriam López , Cordero Sonia Hernández , Muciño-Sandoval Karla , Cantoral Alejandra , Ancira-Moreno Monica
Published: December 2022

Fetal macrosomia (FM) is a condition with adverse consequences for both mother and offspring. The occurrence of this condition has increased worldwide. The objectives of this study were: (1) to estimate the incidence of FM at the national and state levels in Mexico in 2020; (2) to estimate the incidence of FM stratified by maternal and newborn characteristics; (3) to identify the states with the highest risk of FM; (4) to georeference the incidence of FM. Open data from the Birth Information Subsystem were used. Relative risks were estimated by adjusted Poisson regression models. The national incidence of FM was 2.75%. The entity with the lowest incidence was Mexico City (1.28%) and the most affected states were Sonora (6.20%), Baja California Sur (5.44%), and Sinaloa (5.36%), located in the north of the country. The incidence of FM at the national level is below that reported in the international literature. The results of this study can be used for the design and implementation of programs, public policies, and interventions.
Optimising a method for aragonite precipitation in simulated biogenic calcification media
Authors: Kellock Celeste , Castillo Alvarez Maria Cristina , Finch Adrian , Penkman Kirsty , Kröger Roland , Clog Matthieu , Allison Nicola
Published: December 2022

Resolving how factors such as temperature, pH, biomolecules and mineral growth rate influence the geochemistry and structure of biogenic CaCO3, is essential to the effective development of palaeoproxies. Here we optimise a method to precipitate the CaCO3 polymorph aragonite from seawater, under tightly controlled conditions that simulate the saturation state (Ω) of coral calcification fluids. We then use the method to explore the influence of aspartic acid (one of the most abundant amino acids in coral skeletons) on aragonite structure and morphology. Using ≥200 mg of aragonite seed (surface area 0.84 m2), to provide a surface for mineral growth, in a 330 mL seawater volume, generates reproducible estimates of precipitation rate over Ωaragonite = 6.9–19.2. However, unseeded precipitations are highly variable in duration and do not provide consistent estimates of precipitation rate. Low concentrations of aspartic acid (1–10 μM) promote aragonite formation, but high concentrations (≥ 1 mM) inhibit precipitation. The Raman spectra of aragonite precipitated in vitro can be separated from the signature of the starting seed by ensuring that at least 60% of the analysed aragonite is precipitated in vitro (equivalent to using a seed of 200 mg and precipitating 300 mg aragonite in vitro). Aspartic acid concentrations ≥ 1mM caused a significant increase in the full width half maxima of the Raman aragonite v1 peak, reflective of increased rotational disorder in the aragonite structure. Changes in the organic content of coral skeletons can drive variations in the FWHM of the Raman aragonite ν1 peak, and if not accounted for, may confuse the interpretation of calcification fluid saturation state from this parameter.
Effects of nutrient supply on leaf stoichiometry and relative growth rate of three stoloniferous alien plants
Authors: Yu Dong-Wei , Duan Su-Juan , Zhang Xiao- Chao , Yin Da-Qiu , Wang Shi-Jun , Chen Jin-Song , Lei Ning-Fei
Published: December 2022

Different nutrient supply brings about changes in leaf stoichiometry, which may affect growth rate and primary production of plants. Invasion of alien plants is a severe threat to biodiversity and ecosystem worldwide. A pot experiment was conducted by using three stoloniferous alien plants Wedelia trilobata, Alternanther philoxeroides and Hydrocotyle vulgaris to investigate effects of nutrient supply on their leaf stoichiometry and relative growth rate. Different nitrogen or phosphorus supply was applied in the experiment (N1:1 mmol L-1, N2:4 mmol L-1, and N3:8 mmol L-1, P1:0.15 mmol L-1, P2:0.6 mmol L-1 and P3:1.2 mmol L-1). Nitrogen and phosphorus concentrations in leaves of the three alien plants significantly increased with increase of nitrogen supply. With increase of phosphorus supply, nitrogen or phosphorus concentration of leaf was complex among the three alien plants. N:P ratio in leaf of the three alien plants subjected to different levels of nutrient supply was various. A positive correlation between relative growth rate and N:P ratio of the leaf is observed in W. trilobata and A. philoxeroides suffering from N-limitation. A similar pattern was not observed in Hydrocotyle vulgaris. We tentatively concluded that correlations between relative growth rate and N: P ratio of the leaf could be affected by species as well as nutrient supply. It is suggested that human activities, invasive history, local abundance of species et al maybe play an important role in the invasion of alien plants as well as relative growth rate.
Coping with online racism: Patterns of online social support seeking and anti-racism advocacy associated with online racism, and correlates of ethnic-racial socialization, perceived health, and alcohol use severity
Authors: Keum Brian TaeHyuk , Li Xu
Published: December 2022

Given the emerging public health concerns of online racism, we examined potential coping approaches for racial/ethnic minority adults. Using a latent class regression model (N = 407), we examined patterns of online social support seeking and anti-racism advocacy engagements that were associated with online racism among racial/ethnic minority adults. We also examined whether these patterns were associated with ethnic-racial socialization messages (cultural socialization, promotion of mistrust, preparation for racial bias), perceived health, and alcohol use severity. Three distinct latent groups were identified with meaningful group differences: triggered/reactive (alcohol use risk, higher promotion of mistrust), moderate engagement (no risk), disengaged/non-reactive (higher promotion of mistrust, higher cultural socialization, alcohol use risk) groups. Online social support seeking and advocacy engagement may have both benefits and costs in coping with online racism. Those who engage at optimal/balanced levels appear to report better well-being. Implications for research and practice are discussed.
The clinical effectiveness of REGEN-COV in SARS-CoV-2 infection with Omicron versus Delta variants
Authors: Gershengorn Hayley B. , Patel Samira , Ferreira Tanira , Das Sankalp , Parekh Dipen J. , Shukla Bhavarth
Published: December 2022

Background

In vitro studies suggesting that REGEN-COV (casirivimab plus imdevimab monoclonal antibodies) had poor efficacy against Omicron-variant SARS-CoV-2 infection led to amendment of REGEN-COV’s Emergency Use Authorization to recommend use only in regions without high Omicron prevalence. REGEN-COV’s relative clinical effectiveness for Omicron is unknown.

Methods and findings

We conducted a retrospective cohort study of non-hospitalized adults who tested positive for SARS-CoV-2 by polymerase chain reaction at the University of Miami Health System from July 19 –November 21, 2021 (Delta period) and December 6, 2021 –January 7, 2022 (Omicron period). Subjects were stratified be REGEN-COV receipt within 72h of test positivity and by time period of infection. We constructed multivariable logistic regression models to assess the differential association of REGEN-COV receipt with hospitalization within 30 days (primary outcome) and ED presentation; all models included three exposure terms (REGEN-COV receipt, Omicron vs Delta period, interaction of REGEN-COV with time period) and potential confounders (vaccination status, vaccine boosting, cancer diagnosis). Our cohort consisted of 2,083 adults in the Delta period (213 [10.2%] received REGEN-COV) and 4,201 in the Omicron period (156 [3.7%] received REGEN-COV). Hospitalization was less common during the Omicron period than during Delta (0.9% vs 1.7%, p = 0.78) and more common for patients receiving REGEN-COV than not (5.7% vs 0.9%, p<0.001). After adjustment, we found no differential association of REGEN-COV use during Omicron vs Delta with hospitalization within 30d (adjusted odds ratio [95% confidence interval] for the interaction term: 2.31 [0.76–6.92], p = 0.13). Similarly, we found no differential association for hospitalization within 15d (2.45 [0.63–9.59], p = 0.20) or emergency department presentation within 30d (1.43 [0.57–3.51], p = 0.40) or within 15d (1.79 [0.65–4.82], p = 0.30).

Conclusions

Within the limitations of this study’s power to detect a difference, we identified no differential effectiveness of REGEN-COV in the context of Omicron vs Delta SARS-CoV-2 infection.
Information films as rhetorical responses during the COVID-19 crisis
Authors: Mølster Ragnhild , Kjeldsen Jens E.
Published: December 2022

During the COVID-19 pandemic, Norwegian health authorities provided citizens with advice, information about the disease and recommendations to take the COVID-19 vaccine. One of their tools was information videos shared on their official Facebook pages. Through the lens of the rhetorical situation, this article investigates these videos’ role as part of the Norwegian health authorities’ rhetorical response. During a constantly changing pandemic, governments continuously meet new challenges and must adjust their strategies. The various phases of the pandemic and the different rhetorical situations require different responses. We examine how the Norwegian health authorities use information videos to respond to these varying rhetorical situations during the COVID-19 pandemic and what characterizes their visual rhetoric. We show that during a lasting crisis such as the corona pandemic, different phases recur, allowing us to establish some general rhetorical situations. The responses to the situations are part of an ongoing process of rhetoric on the COVID-19 pandemic. Our analyses find that informative videos often use graphic imagery, are longer and use a direct address from authorities to citizen and thus serve a directive function. Persuasive videos are shorter, have less direct voice-over and tend to serve a more expressive function. Still, despite their variation in content and form, the videos share one type of main rhetorical strategy that we call invitation to appreciate. The main appeal in most of the videos is somewhere in-between deference and participation, or sometimes both at the same time. Instead of direct requests, they camouflage the direct appeal for compliance with the measures through filmic strategies in order not to compel acceptance but to invite appreciation. The videos present the citizens with scenarios and position them as apparently free to decide for themselves. In this way the rhetoric of the information films works as invitations to appreciate and adopt certain attitudes and behaviours.
Paper. Pen. Pandemic: Viral Cartoons from around the Globe, Benevento Publishing (ed.) (2020)
Metaphors of Coronavirus: Invisible Enemy or Zombie Apocalypse?, Jonathan Charteris-Black (2021)
Authors: Vigsø O.
Published: December 2022

Review of: Paper. Pen. Pandemic: Viral Cartoons from around the Globe, Benevento Publishing (ed.) (2020)

Elsbethen: Benevento Publishing, 298 pp.,

ISBN 978-3-89955-012-2, h/bk, €28

 

Metaphors of Coronavirus: Invisible Enemy or Zombie Apocalypse?, Jonathan Charteris-Black (2021)

Cham: Palgrave Macmillan, 301 pp.,

ISBN 978-3-03085-105-7, p/bk, €21.39
Two systems of mind reading? A critical analysis of the two-systems theory
Authors: Gómez Tabares Anyerson Stiths
Published: December 2022

Apperly and Butterfill's (2009) hold that there are two cognitive mind-reading systems. System 1(S1) is fast, automatic and inflexible, whereas system 2 (S2) is reflective, flexible and slow. This paper presents and discusses two central assumptions of this theory: the independence of S1 and S2 and the encapsulation of S1. It is argued that findings on longitudinal trajectories in infancy on the false belief test and visual perspective taking undermine the two-system theory in three respects: (1) S1 is not encapsulated, (2) S1 is not entirely automatic processing, and (3) S2 cognitive processes can be fast and efficient. The paper concludes that mindreading operates through different socio-cognitive processes that are gradually and continuously enriched during development, which eliminates the need for a two-system characterization.
El papel de los anunciantes en el origen, consolidación y decadencia de la prensa gratuita en España
Authors: Martín García Noemí , De Frutos Torres Belinda , Ávila Rodríguez de Mier Belén
Published: December 2022

El presente trabajo presenta un análisis retrospectivo de la prensa gratuita desde su origen hasta la actualidad centrando su atención en los factores que ayudaron a su éxito —la audiencia, la agenda de los contenidos y los ingresos publicitarios—. El objetivo es conocer el papel que jugó la publicidad en el origen, consolidación y decadencia de uno de los fenómenos comunicaciones más importantes de comienzos del S.XXI. Los datos reflejan lo inestable que resulta supeditar la supervivencia de los medios a únicamente los ingresos publicitarios. El interés de este trabajo radica en la importancia que están teniendo los modelos de financiación en los medios de comunicación digitales.
Comércio no mundo romano e tardo-antigo
Authors: Quaresma José Carlos
Published: December 2022

A Economia Antiga permanece um campo rico de análise, mas também complexo e difícil quando se procura uma integração dos dados de diversa natureza epistemológica. Por isso, são poucos os casos de tentativa de cruzamento de dados históricos e arqueológicos ou ambientais.

Neste artigo, procuramos empreender dois grandes exercícios de confrontação de dados: analisar diacronicamente dados arqueológicos de natureza comercial, nomeadamente aqueles que nos transmitem flutuações temporais e regionais mais fidedignas, como os da terra sigillata; comparar estes dados com outros dados económicos de natureza ambiental e epidemiológica; analisar os preços de frete propostos pelo Édito de Preços de 301 d.C., comparando os reais custos entre as diversas rotas e, assim, procurar descortinar a relação de custos de trabalho aos intermediários e de custos finais dos produtos aos consumidores de cada região.
A Review of Undergraduate Education Student Responses to the Online Component of Blended Learning: A Cautionary Tale
Authors:   Auckland University of Technology, New Zealand, Bernay Ross , Jenkin Chris ,   Auckland University of Technology, New Zealand, Utumapu-McBride Tafili ,   Auckland University of Technology, New Zealand, Schoone Adrian ,   Auckland University of Technology, New Zealand, Gibbons Andrew ,   Auckland University of Technology, New Zealand
Published: December 2022

Calls for enhancing the digital interface for teaching and learning within tertiary institutions have played out in one School of Education, with variable results. Online learning tasks were added in 2018 to regular classes to provide more flexibility for student engagement. A team of lecturers developed a questionnaire for students to be completed after the first semester pilot. Data and findings indicated that one-third of students identified online learning as an enhancement to their learning. A second survey was conducted one year later to assess changes made and analyse the longer-term impacts. During the COVID-19 lockdown, fully online pedagogy was required; anecdotal observation indicated an improvement in satisfaction and engagement, but perhaps only because online was the only way possible to complete assessments. The conclusion contains recommendations and a cautionary tale, when introducing online learning across existing courses.
Wissenschaftliche Zusammenarbeit zwischen Anspruch und Wirklichkeit
Authors: Terhart Henrike
Published: December 2022

Henrike Terhart widmet sich in ihrem Beitrag der Bedeutung des gemeinsamen Arbeitens in der Wissenschaft. Gekennzeichnet durch "et. al." wird auf eine kollaborativen Publikationstätigkeit hingewiesen, die die Arbeit in wissenschaftlichen Netzwerken sichtbar macht. Der Beitrag zeigt auf, welche zentrale Funktion der gemeinsamen Forschungstätigkeit zukommt und worauf in der Zusammenarbeit von hauptamtlichen Wissenschaftler*innen ebenso wie in der Kooperation zwischen hauptamtlichen und Co-Forschenden in partizipativ angelegter Forschung zu achten ist.
What is it, I do(n't) not know? I (we) do not know (but will feel) the name
Authors: Britton Ren Loren , Paehr Isabel
Published: December 2022

In this article Britton and Paehr play with language around concrete, which makes-firm in language ("Please make this more concrete!") and hardens the grounds that feet, canes and wheels touch every day. Through three patched, sprouted and decomposed collages of concrete material experiments, attempt to unsettle concrete's supposed firmness. N. N. is that which has not been named. In these images N. N. is not concretized and remains open. We are finding ways of making other worlds possible that resist the foreclosing of access or possibilities. The work of these authors germinates with the crip technoscience manifesto from Aimi Hamraie and Kelly Fritsch where access is defined as both related to attack and contact (2019). Instead of the 'integration' of disabled body-minds into normative space, Hamraie and Fritsch uphold the ways in which disabled makers hack or make otherwise trans*feminist presents. Hacking and playing with concrete, we find moments of formlessness through patching, decomposing and sprouting. The authors discover access potentials within something that has been figured as hard, and yet is ontologically, metaphorically and physically not stable. By keeping concrete "open" by adding more water or other materials to interrupt the "curing", and by churning/stirring this mixture, sprouting, decomposing and patchworking operate as practices that resist hardening, firming, closing and foreclosing. N.N. (nomen nomiandum) holds things open and resists formation because, I may not know, but together we can access it.
Recherchepraktiken, Datenquellen und Modellierungen
Authors: Dang Sarah-Mai
Published: December 2022

Sarah-Mai Dang analysiert in dem Beitrag die Zusammenhänge von Recherchepraktiken, Quelldaten und Klassifikationen (Zuschreibungen) im Forschungsprozess aus film- und medienwissenschaftlicher Perspektive. Dabei sucht sie gegenwärtige Fragen aus dem Feld der Digital Humanities für eine historisch orientierte Medienforschung sowie transdisziplinäre, situierte Wissenschaftspraxis produktiv zu machen.
Forschungspraxis des Verweisens, Forschungspraxis des Verweisens,
Authors: Kramer Michaela
Published: December 2022

Der Artikel widmet sich Verwendungsweisen der Abkürzung s. (siehe), um auf diese Weise einen Bei- trag zur Konturierung aktueller Forschungspraxis zu leisten. Hierbei werden verschiedene Facetten expliziten und impliziten Wissens von Forschenden deutlich, die unter anderem Praktiken des Verweisens und Aufforderns sowie parasoziale Subjektinteraktionen und -konstellationen betreffen.
Vom Umgang mit politischen Bildwelten
Authors: Kreckel Nicole
Published: December 2022

Nicole Kreckel widmet sich in ihrem Beitrag politisch-populistischen Bildwelten. Mit Blick etwa auf die Amtszeit Donald Trumps, das Erstarken rechter politischer Kräfte in Europa oder den Zusammenschluss der Querdenker*innen, stellt die Autorin fest, dass wir z.Zt. des Populismus leben und fragt, welchen Beitrag mediale, künstlerische und kunstwissenschaftliche Forschungsfelder leisten können, um - etwa durch angemessenere Bildkompetenz - populistische (Bild-)Strategien zu de-/recodieren.
8. What Does Prenatal Testing Mean for Women Who Have Tested?
Authors: Rehmann-Sutter Christoph , Nov-Klaiman Tamar , Hashiloni-Dolev Yael , König Anika , Reinsch Stefan , Raz Aviad
Published: December 2022

We have conducted and analysed 49 qualitative interviews with women in Germany and Israel who had actually taken a prenatal test. The analysis was focussed on the meanings attributed to testing, i.e. their reasons and aims of testing. Seven typical meaning patterns have been found. They range from seeking empowerment from the knowledge gained, avoiding suffering, being prepared for a child with special needs to satisfying the social environment, or fulfilling the physician's recommendation. The findings give insight into the hermeneutics of testing from the point of view of those who have tested.
9. "Something is Not Quite Right" - Two Cinematic Narratives about Decision-Making after Prenatal Diagnosis
Authors: Rehmann-Sutter Christoph , Schües Christina
Published: December 2022

We compare two films about prenatal diagnosis: "Week 23" by Ohad Milstein (Israel 2016) and »24 Wochen« by Anne Zhora Berrached (Germany 2016). The first film is a documentary and the other is fictive. In impressive and unforeseeable ways, both films turn the viewer attention to the temporality that is special to pregnancy. This focus supports the understanding how prenatal diagnosis can lead to existentially difficult decisions about abortion or birth, while knowledge about the future of the child is limited or can even be misleading. Conflictual questions are embedded in familial, social and cultural contexts. In Israel and Germany their meanings are understood in different ways.
11. Can Not Wanting to Know Be Responsible?
Authors: Schües Christina , Reinsch Stefan , Raz Aviad , Rehmann-Sutter Christoph
Published: December 2022

Focusing on the question of whether not wanting to know can be responsible, this chapter combines a philosophical approach of not-knowing with an empirical analysis of different understandings of the meaning of not-knowing and not wanting to know in the context of prenatal genetic diagnosis. The first part sheds light on the conceptual meaning of not-knowing and the right not to know. The chapter then turns to an analysis of qualitative interviews with women who did not want to know the genetic disposition of the foetus. The reasoning of saying »no« to a genetic test illuminate different existential, social and cultural settings in Germany and Israel.
Dialogbereitschaft in der Endkampflogik
Authors: Ebert Marco
Published: December 2022

Marco Ebert widmet sich in diesem Beitrag der Frage nach den Argumentationsstrukturen und ordnungspolitischen Ideen neurechter Frauen. Am Beispiel der Texte Caroline Sommerfelds wird das Denken und die Selbstinszenierung von Frauen in der Neuen Rechten untersucht. Es wird gezeigt, dass Sommerfeld vor allem eine Ideologisierung des Alltags einfordert. Hausarbeit und Erziehung sollen in Dienste eines völkischen Kulturkampfes gestellt werden. Auch eine Faszination für den politischen Islam wird deutlich, wo sich Sommerfeld im Kampf gegen eine westliche Kulturhegemonie wähnt. Die Selbstinszenierung als besorgte Mutter und der Versuch das Private als ideologisches Kampffeld zu definieren greifen bei neurechten Frauen wie Sommerfeld ineinander.
Post-Ottoman Diasporas, Identity Formation, and American World's Fairs in the Interwar Period
Authors: Gökatalay Semih
Published: December 2022

In this chapter, Semih Gökatalay explores relations among and within US-based diasporas from the post-Ottoman countries through the world's fairs of the interwar period. He argues that the world's fairs became an international platform for post-Ottoman American elites to foster a sense of unity within the diaspora, interact with their home countries, fraternize with other diasporic communities, compel their compatriots to see their culture through immigrant eyes, negotiate their place and better integrate within American society, preserve their native culture, and honor their heritage.
Beyond Sea and Desert
Authors: Jaquier César
Published: December 2022

In this chapter, César Jaquier adopts a microhistorical perspective on the transregional connections that developed between London and Baghdad in the 1920s and 1930s by examining the journeys of Yusuf Ghanima and Freya Stark through the spaces in between. Analysis of their travel accounts, alongside other sources, reveals how they became aware of and reshaped their perceptions of space, distance and alterity, while experiencing different mobility regimes. In examining these individual experiences, the chapter challenges the sometimes overly simplistic narrative of accelerated mobility and increased connectivity put forward in global history and mobility studies.
A Fort under Another Name
Authors: Freeman Margaret
Published: December 2022

In this chapter, Freeman examines the architectural presence of imperial Britain in desert and steppe of Jordan and Iraq during the Mandate period, highlighting the repurposing of existing fortifications, the construction of new buildings, and the interactions between British forces and local populations (primarily the Bedouin elite) which took place in these sites. British administrators used new and pre-existing buildings in the desert to meet with and recruit members of local Bedouin tribes, as well as to exert control over and surveil the »unruly« nomads. Britain's architectural interventions in the desert were modeled on a long tradition of imperial control of local nomadic populations through forts and garrisons, dating back at least to the Roman era. However, this chapter also calls attention to examples of »desert architecture« constructed by Bedouin patrons which the British in turn co-opted into a system of »Bedouin control«. This chapter thus expands our understanding of the patronage and function of permanent architecture in the desert zones of the Middle East, and moves beyond an interpretation of such architecture solely as evidence of top-down imperial control over indigenous peoples.
Unsere Freiheit, unser Wohlstand
Authors: Blühdorn Ingolfur
Published: December 2022

Allen Warnungen zum Trotz, dass »die Welt aufwachen« müsse, weil sie »am Rande eines Abgrunds« stehe und sich »in die falsche Richtung« bewege (Guterres 2021), ist das Leitprinzip der mehrheitsdemokratisch legitimierten Umwelt-, Klima- und Nachhaltigkeitspolitik nicht, den Untergang der Menschheit oder die mögliche Unbewohnbarkeit des Planeten zu verhindern - beides ist einstweilen nicht absehbar. Die klare Priorität ist vielmehr, unseren Wohlstand und unseren Lebensstil zu sichern. Vor diesem Hintergrund wird im Folgenden zunächst die Falle skizziert, in der die Transformationspolitik sich offenbar verfangen hat. Dann geht es um verschiedene Annahmen und Hoffnungen, die für das öko-emanzipatorische Projekt konstitutiv sind, die sich im Zeichen der Pandemie aber deutlicher denn je als nicht haltbar erwiesen haben. Darauf aufbauend wird die derzeitige Nachhaltigkeitskrise schließlich als eine Krise des öko-emanzipatorischen Projekts interpretiert und als Schnittstelle zu einer Metamorphose der europäischen Moderne insgesamt.
Nachhaltigkeit durch Kulturelle Bildung
Authors: Rossmeissl Dieter
Published: December 2022

Rossmeissl untersucht Parameter Kultureller Bildung wie Nachhaltigkeit im Spannungsverhältnis mit Kreativität, die Beziehung von Diversität und Möglichkeitssinn sowie die Bedeutung von Werthaltungen, Partizipation und letztlich Demokratie. Vor allem geht es ihm um immer neue notwendige Veränderungen zum Zweck des generationenübergreifenden Stukturerhalts von Kultur.
Ökologische Nachhaltigkeit in der Kulturförderung
Authors: Brünger Sebastian , Duhnkrack Justus
Published: December 2022

Sebastian Brünger und Justus Duhnkrack widmen sich in diesem Beitrag der Frage, ob und wie ökologische Nachhaltigkeit in der Kulturförderung implementiert werden kann.
Nachhaltigkeit in der Landschaft der freien Ensembles und Orchester
Authors: Krause Lena
Published: December 2022

Lena Krause widmet sich in diesem Beitrag dem Status quo von Nachhaltigkeitsthemen in der Landschaft der freien Ensembles und Orchester. Dabei legt sie den Fokus auf drei Aspekte: Die nachhaltige Organisationsentwicklung und Verstetigung von Strukturen, den Komplex der ökologischen Nachhaltigkeit sowie die Potentiale einer künstlerischen Auseinandersetzung.