bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
IDENTIFICATION OF SECONDARY METABOLITES COMPOUNDS, ANTIBACTERIAL AND ANTIOXIDANT ACTIVITIES ON THE METHANOL EXTRACT OF SEA CUCUMBER Stichopus hermanii
Authors: Rasyid Abdullah
Published: October 2017

Identification of secondary metabolites, antibacterial and antioxidant activities assay of methanol extract of sea cucumber Stichopus hermanii were conducted from May to July 2011 at the Natural Products Laboratory, Research Center for Oceanography, Indonesian Institute of Sciences. Sea cucumber used in this study comes from South Lampung waters. Objective of the study was to get information of secondary metabolites, antibacterial and antioxidant activities of methanol extract of sea cucumber S. hermanii. The extraction method which used in this experiment was the maceration method using methanol solvent. Identification of secondary metabolites was performed through observing reaction of colors, precipitation, and foaming. Antibacterial and antioxidant activities of methanol extract from sea cucumber were tested using agar diffusion method and reducing of free radicals 1.1-Diphenyl-2-Picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) respectively. The results showed that secondary metabolites identified in the methanol extract of sea cucumber S. hermanii were saponin and steroids. Both secondary metabolites had antibacterial activities against Staphylococcus aureus, Vibrio eltor and Bacilus subtilis. The analysis of antioxidant activity showed that the IC50 value of methanol extract of sea cucumber S. hermanii was about 65.08 ppm. It indicated that S. hermanii is having potency as antibacterial and antioxidant.

Keywords: antibacterial, antioxidants, sea cucumber Stichopus hermanii, secondary metabolites
SEAGRESS COVERAGE AND ECOSYSTEM CONDITION AT THE COASTAL AREA OF MADASANGER, JELENGA AND MALUK, WEST SUMBAWA
Authors: Poedjirahajoe Erny , Mahayani Ni Putu Diana , Sidharta Boy Rahardjo , Salamuddin Muhamad
Published: October 2017

The increase of temperature might affect the distribution and reproduction of seagrass. This research aims to determine the seagrass bed coverage and the ecosystem condition. Three line transects were established perpendicular to the coastal line with the distance of 50-100 m, or up to the border of the intertidal area. In each transect, sampling points were determined with a distance of 10-20 m. At the sampling points, a plot of 50 cm x 50 cm was established to measure the coverage percentage of seagrass vegetation. The seagrass species were also observed and recorded along the line transects. The percentage of seagrass coverage was measured using a method from Saito and Atobe (1994). The results showed that the coastal area of Jelenga has the highest percentage of seagrass coverage (>60%, healthy) among other coastal areas. This may be caused by the characteristic of Jelenga coast which was relatively calm, few visitors, low water turbidity, and high light penetration. While, other transects have percentage coverage of less than 60% (less healthy). There was one transect on Maluk coast which has coverage percentage of less than 29% (lack of seagrass species). The small coverage percentage on Maluk coast can be caused by the high number of visitors and high activity of fishing boats around the coast which results in high turbidity.

Keywords: coverage, ecosystem condition, seagrass bed, west Sumbawa.
LIFE-FEED ENRICHMENT FOR LARVAL REARING OF YELLOWBAND CLOWNFISH (Premnas biaculeatus)
Authors: Setiawati Ketut Maha , Gunawan Gunawan
Published: October 2017

The seeds of yellowband clownfish from hatchery has a pale skin colour and a yellow stripe became white colour.  The purposes of this research were to know the effects of life-feed enrichment on the growth of larva and the appearance of colors  yellowband clownfish. The treatments were the enrichment of rotifers and Artemia with commercial enrichment + Nannochloropsis (A), and without commercial enrichment as control, only Nannochloropsis (B). This research conducted for 15 days rearing. Larva rearings of yellowband clownfish fish with treatment A were resulted the total length at the end experiment was 7.72  ± 0.63 mm,  dan survival rate 52.6 ± 19.1 %.  The total length at treatment B was 7. 61  ± 0.43 mm and   survival rate 47.7 ± 24.2%.  Different enrichment of life-feed was not significant different effect for total length, survival rate and colour of seeds

Keywords: life-feed, enrichment, growth, survival rate, colour, yellowband clownfish.
ECOLOGICAL ASSESSMENT IN SEMARANG COASTAL WATER
Authors: Rositasari Ricky , Lestari Lestari , Lestari Lestari , Lestari Lestari
Published: October 2017

Coastal water is vulnerable to anthropogenic substances such as human activities by product in coastal land and  upper land area. Semarang coastal area is one of areas which has progressive development in northern coastal of Java Island.  The aim of this study was to evaluate ocean health status based on heavy metal contain and benthic foraminiferal characteristics as the bioindicator.  Sampling and laboratory activities were carried out in August 2010. Sampling stations were located on the estuaries of Western Canal Flood, Tanjung Mas Port and  Eastern Canal Flood.  The result showed that Tanjung Mas pool port had the highest Pb, Zn,and Total Organic Compounds (TOC) concentrations. The average of abnormal test of benthic foraminiferal (Ammonia beccarii) were also higher in Tanjung Mas port than in eastern and western canal flood.

Keywords: assessment, coastal water, Semarang.
MICROBES PARAMETERS OF WATER QUALITY FOR AQUACULTURE ON PARI ISLAND WATERS
Authors: Sutiknowati Lies Indah
Published: October 2017

The objective of this research was to evaluate waters quality in Pari island waters for aquaculture purpose based on bacteriological information conducted in Mei and September 2011. Microbiological parameters analyzed were total density of bacteria for coliforms, E.coli, pathogenic, heterotrophic, halotoleran, phosphate-nitrate-ammonia breaker, and total cells. Method to analyze coliform bacteria was filtration, identification of pathogenic bacteria using biochemical test, density analises for heterotrophic bacteria, analises for phosphate-nitrate-ammonia breaker bacteria using pour plate, and total cell using Acridine Orange Epifluorescence Microscopy. Results showed that the abundance of total coliform cell was about 1000-7000 colony forming unit (cfu)/100 ml. The abundance of heterotrophic, halotolerant, phosphate-nitrate-ammonia bacteria in seawater was (3.6-4.3)x105 cfu/ml, (1.1-1.3)x105 cfu/ml, (0.5-3.44)x103cfu/ml; and (3.6-6.7)x105 cfu/ml, (1.6-2.7)x105 cfu/ml, (0.6-5.22)x103 cfu/ml in sediment, respectively. The total cell of bacteria was (0.05-2.1)x107cells/ml. The dog-conch (Strombus turturella) and blood-clamps (Anadara granosa) can survive in Pari Island and there was a significant increase in sea grass litter with growth average of 0.67 mm/day and 0.90 mm/day. During snails and clamps growth, there were found several genus of pathogenic bacteria such as Salmonella, Vibrio, Aeromonas, Pseudomonas, Citrobacter, Proteus, Shigella, Hafnia, and Yersinia. The results showed that Pari island waters was suitable for developing shellfish aquaculture dog conch and blood clamps.

Keywords: bacteria, parameter, shellfish, aquaculture.
IMPLANTATION OF LHRH-a HORMONE TO STIMULATION OF GONAD DEVELOPMENT OF HUMPBACK GROUPER SECOND GENERATION ( F-2 )
Authors: Tridjoko Tridjoko
Published: October 2017

This study aimed to determine the effect of LHRH-a hormone implantation on gonadal development of humpback grouper, Cromileptes altivelis 2nd generation (F-2). Individuals used were 20 female grouper fish with weight range of 600-800 gram/fish and total length range of 28.0-30.0 cm. The treatment used 5 fish each with tagging. Grouper fishes were stocked into the 75 m3 circular concrete tank. Hormone of LHRH-a with dosage of 50 μg/kg body weight was used as implant treatment of (A) 1 time,, (B) 2 times, (C) 3 times, and (D) without implant. The results showed that implantation of LHRH-a hormone were significantly stimulate gonad development of humpback grouper second generation (F-2). Treatment of 3 times implant every month showed the best results produced  oocyte diameter up to 480 μm, while the control of oocyte diameter only reached <400 μm.

Keywords: LHRH-a hormone, implantation, Humpback grouper, gonad development
COASTLINE CHANGES AT BUNGUS BAY PADANG CITY, WEST SUMATERA PROVINCE BASED ON SATELLITE IMAGERY ANALYSES
Authors: Yulius Yulius , Ramdhan M. , Ramdhan M.
Published: October 2017

The Bungus Bay with ​​21,050 meters of coastline length and 1,383.86 ha of surface area confines with a rounded shape surface. This study aimed to determine coastline changes in the Bungus Bay based on overlay analyses of satellite imagery of 2000, 2006, 2010, and 2011. The method used in this research was visual interpretation using four key interpretation such as hue image, texture association, and shape. The results showed that in general there were abrasion processes in the Bungus Bay. The abrasion processes were more dominant  in the Buo Bay, Kaluang Bay, and Kabuang Bay.   The largest coastline changes occurred in the northern Bungus Bay for 26 m/yr, while in the Kaluang Bay and Kabuang Bay exhibited a moderate  change of  9 m/yr. In general, the rate of coastline change in the Bungus Bay was 5.9 m/yr.

Keywords: abration, accretion, coastline changes, Bungus Bay
SPATIAL DISTRIBUTION AND HABITAT PREFERENCE OF BIVALVIA IN THE COASTAL WATERS OF SIMPANG PESAK SUB DISTRICT, EAST BELITUNG DISTRICT
Authors: Akhrianti Irma , Bengen Dietriech G , Setyobudiandi Isdradjad
Published: October 2017

The coastal waters of Simpang Pesak Sub-district, East Belitung Regency considered as a productive region and had a broad range of habitats for bivalvia. However, research on spatial distribution and habitat preference of bivalvia in this region is limited to none. The objectives of this research were to examine the effects of marine biophysical parameters and substrate quality on bivalvia. The research was started from Mei 2013 until June 2013 by using survey method and random systematic sampling approach. The results showed that there were 16 species of bivalves consisted of 14 genus from 7 family and dominated by Gafrarium pectinatum at station I (13.62 ind/m2, C=0.52, H’=0.6, muddy sandy), and  station II (28.4 ind/m2, C=0.51, H’=1.04, sandy), Gafrarium tumidum at station III (59.9 ind/m2, C=0.51, H’=1.03, sandy), Scapharca pilula at Stasiun IV (61,6 ind/m2, C=0.5, H’=0.89, clay sandy). Spatial distribution and density of bivalves were influenced by particle size, C-organik, and other environmental factors such as current, dissolved oxygen, TSS, temperature, and salinity.

Keywords: bivalves, distribution, habitat preference
THE CHARACTERISTICS OF ARTIFICIAL RICE WITH SEAWEED Eucheuma cottonii ADDITION AS A DIETARY FIBER SOURCE
Authors: Setiawati Natalia Prodiana , Santoso Joko , Purwaningsih Sri
Published: October 2017

The utilization of local food commodities such as corn and cassava with seaweed addition as a dietary fiber source for producing artificial rice through extrusion technology is an  alternative for food diversification. The research was carried out to find out the best composition (rice, corn, cassava, and seaweed) and temperature of extrusion process on making artificial rice and the influence of dietary fibre on sensory properties and physicochemical. The composition of rice, corn, and cassava in proportion  of 1:3:1 with 20% seaweed, Eucheuma cottonii, addition and temperature extruder of 90 °C were selected as the best product for artificial rice. The  sensory evaluation was 8.02±0.21 (people’s preference). In physicochemical properties, dietary fiber significantly affected on low bulk density and starch digestibility. This condition is very good for health especially in maintaining the stability of blood glucose in the body.

Keywords: artificial rice, composition, extrusion, seaweed, dietary fibre, temperature
CHARACTERIZATION OF CRUDE CELLULASE OF SEAGRASS ENDOPHYTIC FUNGUS
Authors: Oktavia Yulia , Andhikawati Aulia , Nurhayati Tati , Tarman Kustiariyah
Published: October 2017

In this study, cellulase was produced by endophytic fungus isolated from seagrass. Substrate used for incubating the fungus was the waste of agar industry. The objectives of this study were to optimize cellulase production and to characterize the highest activity of fungal crude cellulase. In our previous study, the EN isolate (isolated from Enhalus sp.) showed the highest cellulolytic index. Therefore, in this research we focused on cellulase activity of the isolate. Cellulase activity was determined based on endoglucanase activity, total cellulase activity, and β-glucosidase activity. The highest activity was then used to determine cellulase activity in enzyme characterization. The fungus was cultured in different concentration of agar extraction algal wastes. The fungal culture was incubated for 3-21 days with 120 rpm orbital shaker. The results showed that endoglucanase activity was 0.019-0.031 U/mL, total cellulase activity was 0.007-0.013 U/mL, and β-glucosidase activity was 0.00012-0.00361 U/mL. The highest endoglucanase and total cellulase activity were obtained from the fungal culture after 9 days incubation, β-glucosidase was obtained from the fungal culture after 15 days incubation with 1.5% of algal waste as substrate. The optimum pH and temperature were determined as 4 and 60 oC, maximum reaction rate (Vmax) and Michaelis-Menten constant (Km) for endoglucanase activity was determined as 0.044 U/mL and 0.103% respectively.

Keywords: algal waste, cellulase, endophytes, enzymes, seagrass
DISTRIBUTION OF HEAVY METALS IN NATUNA COASTAL WATERS
Authors: Sagala Sophia L , Bramawanto Rikha , Kuswardani Anastasia R.T.D , Pranowo Widodo S
Published: October 2017

ABSTRACT

The study of Pb, Cd, Cu, Hg, and As and Fe in Natuna coastal waters, Riau Islands was conducted in November 2012. Water and sediment samples were collected from 35 stations by purposive sampling method and those heavy metals were analysed using Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometer, flame type (FAAS). The results showed that concentrations of total Pb, Cd, Cu, Hg, and As in surface water were below instrument detection limit (2 µg/L for Pb, Cd, and Cu; 0.02 µg/L for Hg and As). Moreover, the concentration of metal Fe in surface water was 0.021-0.054 mg/L. Concentrations of Pb and Cu in sediment were 0.05-22.67 mg/kg and 3.77-11.00 mg/kg, respectively, at which the highest concentrations were found near Binjai Estuary. Those concentrations were significantly below the standard levels set by CCME (2002) and ANZECC/ARMCANZ (2000). Concentration of Fe in sediment varied from 751.13-2309.12 mg/kg and showed similar spatial distribution to Cu-in-sediment. No standard level for Fe in waters was available. Generally, it can be concluded that Natuna coastal water was still uncontaminated.

 
Keywords: heavy metals, iron metal, Natuna coastal waters.
NURSERY TECHNIQUES WITH JUVENILE CORAL TROUT, Plectropomus leopardus WITH DIFFERENT TYPES OF FOOD
Authors: Alit Anak Agung , Setiawati Ketut Maha , Dharma Tony Setia
Published: October 2017

ABSTRACT

Feed management is a critical factor in the nursery activities because food serves as an energy for growth and survival rates. The study aimed to determine the best feeding to improve growth and survival rates. Cultured of coral trout grouper seeds were used for this research in 9 fiber tubs each of  0.8 tonnes of sea water volume with 3 treatments and 3 replicates. The feeding treatments were (a) commercial feeding pelle; (b) trash fish; and (c) feeding combinations (50% pellets and 50% trash fish). The initial length of coral trout grouper seeds were 3 cm long. The pellet used was a commercial pellet with dose of 5-10% biomass, while the trash fish was clupeid fish. Feeding times were twice a daya at 08:00 and 16:00 local time. A complete random design was used as an experiment design. Data was analysed using ANOVA and descriptive statistics. Water qualities during larva rearing included water temperature, pH, salinity, DO, ammonia, nitrite, and phosphate. The results showed that growth dan survical rates was significantly affected by combination feeding method (50% pellet and 50% trash fish)  with growth rate of 0.08% cm/day and survival rate of 60.20±2.34%.

 Keywords: Feed, trash fish, juvenile coral trout grouper, growth, and survival.
EXPRESSION PROFILE OF SEX DETERMINATION GENE, BIOREPRODUCTION, PHENOTYPE, AND LOCOMOTORY PERFORMANCES OF OLIVE RIDLEY, Lepidochelys olivacea INDUCED BY DIFFERENT INCUBATION TEMPERATURE
Authors: Dima Alfred O. M. , Solihin Dedy D. , Manalu Wasmen , Boediono Arief
Published: October 2017

Sex determination in turtle species is not only based on genotype, but also rely on the incubation temperature. In addition, sexual differentiation takes place during the thermo-sensitive period (TSP). This study was conducted to determine the effects of incubation temperature on sex expression profile of determination gene, bioreproduction,  phenotype, and locomotory performances  of olive ridley turtle hatchlings. Fertile eggs incubated at two temperatures, namely feminine temperature (30-33°C), and masculine temperature (26-27°C). Value of cycle threshold (CT) measured during TSP, i.e 23-25 embryonic development stage, and after TSP, i.e 26-27 embryonic development stage using real time PCR techniques. Comparison of gene expression at both incubation temperatures were analyzed by ANOVA, and Student’s t test. Hatchling bioreproduction and phenotype measurement consist of the incubation period, embryo growth, morphometrics, and locomotori performances hatchlings were analyzed with regression analysis and Student’s t test. The results showed expression of both aromatase and Rspond 1 genes (which plays a role in ovarian differentiation) after the TSP that incubated at feminine temperature higher and different with masculine temperature. In conjunction with the  bioreproduction and phenotype, the incubation period of feminine temperature shorter than that of masculine. Likewise, growth of the embryo of feminine temperature was faster than that of masculine. Incubation at feminine temperature significantly affect to carapace width, length and width of the plastron, long flippers and rear arms, long neck, and the frequency of the swing flippers.
 Keywords: thermo-sensitive period (TSP), gene expression, phenotype, Lepidochelys olivacea
GREEN ALGAE Ulva sp. AS RAW MATERIAL FOR BIOGAS PRODUCTION
Authors: Oktiana Tri Dian , Santoso Joko , Kawaroe Mujizat
Published: October 2017

Ulva sp. is a non edible seaweed and posses a high growth rate. Therefore, this species is potential to be developed as a raw material for biogas production. One important factor on the biogas production is to determine organic loading rate (OLR). The aim of this study was to determine the potential of Ulva sp. as a raw material for biogas and to find out the optimum loading rate in the process of biogas production.  Biogas production was carried out in the digester with a capacity of 22 l that was made of fiber and equipped with a manual stirrer and gas flow meter to measure gas production. Parameters analised were pH, COD, TSS, VSS, and gas composition. Organic loading rates used in this study were 0.5, 1, 1.5, and 2 kg COD.m-3.day-1.  The results showed that the optimum loading rate was 1.5 kg COD.m-3.day-1. In the loading rate of 1.5 kg COD.m-3.day-1, we obtained the highest biogas production rate of 12.14 l/day with methane content of 42.96%, average COD removal of 51.97%, and methane production of 0.33 l/g COD.

 

Keywords: anaerobic, biogas, COD, loading, methane, Ulva sp.
FISH BEHAVIOR ON FISHERIES BOAT LIFT NET (BAGAN PETEPETE) BY USING LED LIGHTS
Authors: Sulaiman Muhammad , Baskoro Mulyono Sumitro , Taurusman Am Azbas , Wisudo Sugeng Hari , Yusfiandayani Roza
Published: October 2017

Research on fish behavior in boat lift net fisheries (bagan petepete) equipped with LED light is very important since the similar research is very limited conducted in Indonesian waters. The purpose of this study was to understand the LED light distribution and its impact on the fish behavior around the LED light.  This study was conducted in the laboratory of Simulation Workshop and Navigation, Pangkep State Polytechnique of Agricultural and fishing experiment was done in Barru District waters, Makassar Strait, South Sulawesi. The light intensity was measured by a digital lux meter and under water lux meter, while fish behavior was observed by side scan sonar color. Light intensity analyses showed that the distribution of 80 watts LED light was mostly focused with 1096 lux with an angle168°. Fishes approached the light at 5-10 m and 20-30 m water depth from all directions after all lights were turned on. Fishes in smaller groups and higher density concentrated around the light when only one lamp was turned on. After catch processing, some fishes left the lighting area and others still stayed in the lighting area.

Keywords: fish behavior, LED lamp, light fishing, lift net
CONCENTRATION HEAVY METALS (Cu AND Pb) IN MUSI RIVER ESTUARY
Authors: Putri Wike Ayu Eka , Bengen Dietriech G. , Riani Etty
Published: October 2017

The Musi River is one of the biggest river of twelve big rivers in South Sumatra Province. Water quality of this river affects the water quality in the estuary and biological health in its surrounding so that it is important to determine the Cu and Pb concentrations. The purposes of this study were to analize distribution of heavy metals (Cu and Pb) and to determine the water quality status in March and September 2014. The water and sediment samples were collected from eight stations along the Musi River from downstream to the estuary. Heavy metal concentration was analized by employing USEPA 30050B method using AAS Spektra plus variant with air mixure flame – acetylene. Dissolved Cu and Pb concentrations in March were 0,002 - 0,006 mg/l and 0,002-0,003 mg/l, respectively, while in September were 0,001-0,010 mg/lfor Cu and 0,001-0,005 mg/lfor Pb. Cu and Pb concentrations in sediment detected in March were 6,92-16,4 mg/l and 1,9-11,4 mg/l, respectively, while in September were  2,3-13,9 mg/l for Cu and 4,29-9,95 mg/l for Pb. Student test analysis showed that was no significant differences between Pb and Cu concentrations (dissolved and sediment) between March and September. Generally, the concentration of heavy metals Cu and Pb in Musi River estuary were still below specified quality standards.

Keywords: heavy metal, Cu, Pb, the Musi River, estuary
VARIABILITY OF CARAPACE WIDTH SIZE AND ABUNDANCE OF BLUE SWIMMING CRABS (Portunus pelagicus Linnaeus) IN PATI WATERS
Authors: Nugraheni Dyah Ika , Fahrudin Achmad , Yonvitner .
Published: October 2017

Fishing effort enhancement would put pressure on blue swimming crab resources and its ecosystem. The objective of this study was to determine the spatial distribution based on the size of the carapace width (CW), abundance, temperature, salinity, depth, and fishing intensity in Pati waters which was divided into two zones (zones 1=nearshore, zone 2=offshore). The result showed that the average of carapace width in zone 1 to zone 2 was significantly different (p <0.05), as well as between males and females. Average number of individual (abundance) was significantly different according to fishing areas and sex (p <0.05). The average of water temperature in zone 1 was higher than in zone 2, salinity in zone 1 was smaller than in zone 2, and the water depth in zone 1 was shallower than in zone 2. The higher the crab catch intensity leaded to the smaller the abundance and size of carapace width. Alternative management strategies were proposed such as to divert fishing grounds from coastal waters to offshore during low productivity season, to uphold rules on minimum legal size for catching (Lm = 107 mm),  to release of berried females catch, and to reduce accretion rate of gear and fishing fleet mainly in the coastal zone waters.

Keywords:  blue swimming crab, carapace widht (CW), abundance, intensity of fishing
VACCINATION OF JUVENILE TIGER GROUPER WITH THREE INACTIVATED BACTERIAL PATHOGENS
Authors: Zafran .
Published: October 2017

An experiment to evaluate the efficacy of inactivated polyvalent bacterial vaccines to increase specific immunity of tiger grouper (Epinephelus fuscoguttatus) against bacterial infection was conducted in floating net cages located in Sumbawa Island, West Nusa Tenggara. Polyvalent bacterial vaccine was prepared by mixing three species of killed-bacteria (Vibrio harveyi, V. alginolyticus, and Photobacterium leiognathi) with ratio of 1:1:1. The density of bacterial vaccine was adjusted at 1010 CFU/ml. The vaccines were delivered by immersion. The control fish were immersed in sea water without vaccine. Fish with ± 6 cm of total length and ± 7 g of body weigth were used in this experiment. The fishes were reared in concrete tanks in hatchery of Gondol, Bali until they reached ± 9 cm of total length. Later, the fishes were reared for 6 months in floating net cages located in Sumbawa. Re-vaccinations were delivered 60 days and 120 days post initial vaccination. The results showed that titer antibody and survival rate of the vaccinated fish were 1/128 and 77.11%, higher than the control (titer antibody=1/4-1/8, survival=45.56%, respectively). The relative percent survival of the vaccinated fish was 57.95%. It was suggested that the vaccines were immunogenic and had protective ability against bacterial infection in tiger groupers.

 Keywords: bacterial disease, polyvalent bacterial vaccine, tiger grouper
PRESSURE CHANGES IN MEDIA MAINTENANCE OF SHELL PEARL (Pinctada maxima) LARVAE ON PROTEASE ENZYME ACTIVITY ENHANCING GROWTH AND SURVIVAL
Authors: Hamzah M.S.
Published: October 2017

The growth of pearl shell oyster is influenced by nacre availability consisting of calcium carbonate. Nacre is identified as a protein metabolism product in pearl oyster. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of media level pressure in larva rearing tank on protease enzyme activity to promote growth performance and survival rate of Pinctada maxima larvae. The research was conducted from March 6th to May 7th 2015 in laboratorium of Mataram Marine Bio Industry Technical Implementation Unit, LIPI. “Chi-Square” test showed that survival rate of larvae at Umbo-veliger stage (planktonic) was significantly affected by water level pressure within 99% with ratio 1.00:1.61. In contrast, treatment with no water level pressure also significantly influenced the survival rate of larvae in spat stage within 99% confidence with ratio of 1.00:1.93. The highest average survival rate of larvae in umbo-veliger and spat stages were 13.10% and 2.60%, respectively. The effect of protease enzyme activity on calcium carbonate production to produce oyster shell are also discussed in this paper.

 Keywords:  water level pressure, protease enzyme activity, survival rate, growth, larvae, P. maxima
THE ABUNDANCE OF ORNAMENTAL CORALS AFTER MASS DIE OFF IN 1997 ON THE PADANG SHELF REEF SYSTEM, WEST SUMATERA, INDONESIA
Authors: Johan Ofri , Prasetio Anjang B. , Ardi Idil , Syam Amran R. , Quinn Norman J.
Published: October 2017

ABSTRACT

The Indonesian Ministry of Marine Affairs and Fisheries aims to establish export quota ornamental corals based on scientifically-founded data from the natural environment. The purpose of this study was to determine the abundance of ornamental coral after mass die off in 1997. Ornamental corals were classified into three groups based on the guideline of ornamental coral propagation for trading purposes. Classification categories are rapid (3-6 months), middle (8-12 months), and slow growth rate (>24 months), which relates to their harvesting time when transplanted for the trade purpose. The survey method used line intercept transects to get coral condition data and belt transect with 2 m width to get ornamental coral data. Both line and belt transect have 30 m length and with three replicates. The study showed number of colony and abundance of ornamental coral for fast growth rate group such as Acropora sp (1348 col & 7.49 col/m2), Galaxea sp, Hydnophora exesa, H. microconus, Pocillopora damicornis, Stylopora sp and Montipora sp with the highest abundant found on Acropora sp and Montipora sp (1348 col & 7.49 col/m2). Whereas the coral which from middle growth rate were Leptoseris sp, Pavona sp, Platygyra sp, Favia sp, Favites sp with the highest abundant found on Favia sp (101 col & 0.56 col/m2).  Coral species typically used for ornamental coral trade within the slow growth rate category such massive coral were not found on this survey. Due to the massive coral die-off in 1997 and the paucity of ornamental corals, the utilization of ornamental coral should be supported by coral transplantation and the broodstock of slow growth of coral taken from other area.  

Keywords: ornamental coral, abundant, mass die off, Padang Waters
WIRELESS SENSOR NETWORKS BUOY FOR COASTAL WATERS OBSERVATION
Authors: Hidayat Rizqi Rizaldi , Jaya Indra , Hestirianoto Totok
Published: October 2017

The availability of data in real time and continuous is important to monitor in environmental change as early as possible. Wireless sensor networks (WSN) offer a new paradigm in the field of oceanography that can measure the parameters of complex marine environment using a moored buoy. This paper described design of a data transmission system with a moored buoy and tested the performance of WSN instrument based on ZigBee protocol radio module for monitoring coastal water environment in real time. Instruments were divided into two i.e., (1) five sensors served to measure sea surface temperature, stored the data, and transmitted the data to the base station, and (2) a coordinating instrument that placed on the bases station served to receive and record all measurement results of each sensor. The testing was done by deploying the instrument sensors in waters with depths of 2 to 5 meters and a coordinating instrument was located on the ground as a base station. Each instrument's sensor measure sea surface temperature, store, and transmit it to other nearby sensors and forward data to the next sensor and then to the next sensor send it to the base station. The Packet Delivery Ratio (PDR) value wa used as an indicator to determine the instrument performance and the values were from 89.69% up to 100% with transmission range up to 430 meter and battery endurance was up to 26 hours. The result showed that a buoy moored instrument based on WSN ZigBee radio module protocol has the potential for monitoring coastal water environment in a real time.
Keywords: mooring buoy, wsn, zigbee
COMMUNITY STRUCTURE AND SPATIAL DISTRIBUTION OF FISH JUVENILE IN MANGROVE AND SEAGRASS HABITATS IN PRAMUKA ISLAND
Authors: Amin Fathul , Kamal M Mukhlis , Taurusman Am Azbas
Published: October 2017

This study was aimed to investigate the community structure of fish juvenile, spatial distribution and similarity from both adjacent habitats of mangrove and seagrass. This study was conducted in the eastern part of Pramuka island from April to June 2015. The samples were collected by using line transect method in three observation areas that were spatially connected i.e., mangrove, transition and seagrass zones. The result of the study from three observation zones revealed that there were found 24 species of fishes from 15 families i.e., Siganidae (4 species), Apogonidae (3 species), Ger-reidae (2 species), Terapontidae (2 species), Gobiidae (2 species), Labridae (2 species), Mugilidae, Nemipteridae, Hemiramphidae, Sphyraenidae, Monacanthidae, Atherinidae, Pomacentridae, Lut-janidae, and Lethrinidae (each of them 1 species). According to community structure, the adjacent ob-servation zones did not show a significant difference in the number of species, abundance, and bio-mass. According to fish distribution, fish species in transition zone and seagrass zone were relatively similar and dominated by Gerres oblongus, Fibramia lateralis, and Siganus canaliculatus. Mean-while, in mangrove zone revealed a significant different of fish species than in transition and seagrass zones.  In mangrove zone, fish species was dominated by Gerres oblongus and Siganus guttatus.

 Keywords: spatial distribution, juvenile, mangrove, seagrass, pramuka Island, Siganidae
SPATIAL AND TEMPORAL VARIABILITY OF FISH COMMUNITY BIOMASS IN COASTAL WATERS OF TANGERANG REGENCY, BANTEN
Authors: Dewi Nina Nurmalia , Kamal M Mukhlis , Wardiatno Yusli
Published: October 2017

Coastal waters of Tangerang Regency has abundant in fish resource including pelagic, demersal, and reef fish. This study was conducted to assess fish biomass variability and of fish community structure in coastal waters of Tangerang Regency which can be used as a basis in determining alternatives for sustainable fish resource management. This research was conducted in June and August 2013 in three locations i.e., Kronjo, Cituis, and Tanjung Pasir. Primary data collected were fish weight per species. Fish biomass from each locations was obtained using swept area method using trawl. The results showed that Kronjo region contained the highest total average biomass of fish. Temporally, total ave-rage biomass of fish in August was higher than in June for Kronjo and Cituis. Meanwhile, the con-trary occurred in Tanjung Pasir. This conditions occurred due to the high current and high wave in August than in June. In general, biomass of planktivorous was dominant during the study indicating overfishing lead to fishing down the food web in the Coastal waters of Tangerang Regency.

 Keywords: biomass, coastal waters of Tangerang Regency, spatial and temporal variability, swept area, over fishing.
TURBULENT MIXING PROCESSES IN LABANI CHANNEL, THE MAKASSAR STRAIT
Authors: Naulita Yuli
Published: October 2017

Study on turbulent mixing processes in Labani Channel, the Makassar Strait, was conducted by using the INSTANT (International Nusantara Stratification And Transport) program dataset, in Juli 2005. The turbulent mixing process was evaluated using Thorpe method, where the overturning eddies were revealed by density inversions in CTD (Conductivity Temperature Depth) profiles. All individual identified-overturn regions was validated by the GK’s test (Galbraith and Kelly test) where at first noise on CTD signals had been removed  by applying wavelet denoising.   A large number of overturn regions with Thorpe scale (LT) less than 0.5 m were detected in the thermocline layer of Makassar Strait. Based on linear relationship between Thorpe and Ozmidov scale, order of magnitude of the turbulent energy kinetic dissipation rate in Labani Channel was estimated about 10-11- 10-5Wkg-1 and density eddy diffusivity Kρ(10-6  – 10-2) m2/s . The strong of turbulen mixing was found at the layer of  NPSW at 150 m depth and NPIW at 300 m depth, indicated by high values of Kρ  (O = 10-3 – 10-2 m2s-1).  It reveals that turbulent mixing has an important role on determining ITF water mass character.  

Keywoods: turbulent mixing, wavelet denoising, overturn region, Thorpe method, Labani Channel, Makassar Srait.
WATERS CARRYING CAPACITY FOR DEVELOPMENT OF SEAWEED CULTURE OF Eucheuma cottonii IN LUWU AND PALOPO DISTRICTS, BONE BAY, SOUTH SULAWESI
Authors: Waluyo . , Yonvitner . , Riani Etty , Arifin Taslim
Published: October 2017

In seaweed Eucheuma cottonii cultures, a water carrying capacity is an important factor to optimize the seaweed culture. Carrying capacity can be determined by an ecological footprint production (EFp) analysis. This research was conducted in May 2015 (1st transitional season) and September 2015 (2nd transitional season) in Luwu and Palopo distircts, South Sulawesi. Map and land use were analyzed using GIS (Geographic Information Systems). The result showed that the ecological foot-print production (EFP) in Luwu waters was 67.88 ton/capita/year or equivalent to 235,823.93 tons/ year. However, based on the analysis of the water availability for seaweed was 59,781.79 hectares, it can produce seaweed (biocapacity) for 1,437,779.60 tons/year and the number of farmers that allows for use the waters is 21,432 capita. The ecological footprint  production (EFp) in Palopo waters is 3.08 ton/capita/year, or equivalent to 4,589.99 tons/year. Water availability analysis is 1,771. 41 hectares are able to produce seaweed (biocapacity) for  18,287.46 ton/year and the number of far-mers that allows for use the waters is 635 farmers capita. The results comparison between biocapa-ci-ty and ecological footprint, ecological status for  Luwu and Palopo waters are still in sustainable use.
BIODIVERSITY AND ABUNDANCE OF DEMERSAL FISHS STOCK IN TAMBELAN WATER, NATUNA SEA
Authors: Fahmi . , Yonvitner .
Published: October 2017

Understanding on fish diversity is essential for fish stock conservation specifically in Tambelan Island waters with a high fish diversity. This research was conducted in November 2010 at 6 sampling site around Tambelan Island. Samples were taken using trawl gear within sweeping technique. The para-meters of collected data were kind of species, number of fish, total length, and total weight. Data analyses were stock abundance (based on time trawling), diversity, richness, equity, and similarity between site sampling. The total fishes that were caugth were 1.224 individual that consisted of 105 species and 44 family of fishes. Total weight of sample was 55.3 kg, with the average stock abundance 0.27 kg/hour. Fishes catch composition were Apogonidae family 11,4%, Mulliidae family 35.7%, Nemipteridae family 16.3%, and Lutjanidae family 7,7%.  Richness value index ranged of 1862 –3.121. Equitability index ranged of 0.329 – 0.576.  Similarity index for station 3 and 6 was at 33.89% level; for station 1, 4, and 5 was at 20.31 % level,  and for station 4 and 5 was at 45,30% level from the maximum value of 100%.
SUITABILITY OF CORAL REEF ECOSYSTEM CONDITION BASED ON LOCAL ECOLOGY KNOWLEDGE WITH SURVEY METHOD IN EAST COAST OF WEH ISLAND
Authors: Siregar Jhon Septin Maurisdo , Adrianto Luky , Madduppa Hawis
Published: October 2017

Local ecological knowledge (LEK) refers to the knowledge of people in a local community that can be used in assessing environmental conditions as well as reflecting the interaction that occur in an ecosystem. The purpose of this study was to examine condition of coral reef ecosystem based on the LEK’s community in a marine protected area east coast weh island (KKPD PTPW) Sabang. Assessment of the coral reef condition based on the local’s ecological knowledge is justified from the suitability of the area by comparing map of the coral reefs condition based on LEK and observation map of the coral reefs condition during the study. Based on LEK, it is known that in the PTPW Sabang region coral reefs which falls under deteriorated class is found in the northern sea of Kelurahan Kota Atas, while those which falls under good condition class are found in Ie Meule and Ujung Kareng as well as in Anoi Itam except Benteng. Result from the observations done in 13 stations found that sea region near Sumur Tiga, Ujung Kareung and Benteng have a good coral reefs with a coverage range of 51-65 %. While the sea in Ujung Seuke, Anoi Itam and Reuteuk have a moderate coral reefs with a percentage of coverage ranging from 44- 49. Respondents’ perceptions of the coral reef condition during the last 10 years which include 55% respondents in Ie Meule and 74.29% of respondend in Anoi Itam stated that there is an increment of coral reefs coverage.
ASSOCIATION OF LOKAN SHELL Geloina erosa, SOLANDER 1786 AND MANGROVE AT KAHYAPU COASTAL AREA OF ENGGANO ISLAND, BENGKULU PROVINCE
Authors: Agustini Nella Tri , Bengen Dietriech G. , Prartono Tri
Published: October 2017

Lokan shell Geloina erosa closely related to mangrove ecosystem in Enggano island. Mangrove is one supplier of organic materials required by Lokan shell. The research conducted in September 2015 - January 2016 at mangrove ecosystems in Kahyapu coastal area, aims to analyse lokan shells Geloina erosa conditions and its association with mangrove ecosystems. Sampling of mangrove vegetation was taken using line transect and lokan shell sampling using plot in mangrove ecosystem. The results show that mangrove condition of the Kahyapu coastal area was in healthy condition for the growth of lokan shell. Lokan shell are significantly assosiated with mangrove in Kahyapu coastal area of Enggano Island.
COMPOSITION AND ANTIBACTERIAL ACTIVITIES OF MARINE SPONGES FROM DIFFERENT SEAGRASS ECOSYSTEMS IN KEPULAUAN SERIBU WATERS, JAKARTA
Authors: Ismet Meutia Samira , Bengen Dietriech G. , Radjasa Ocky Karna , Kawaroe Mujizat
Published: October 2017

A seagrass ecosystem has high productivity that supports many species of associated invertebrates, including sponges. However, seagrass beds with different habitat condition, including seagrass species composition and architectural morphotypes could affect the associative sponge in the ecosystem.   This study is aimed to find out about sponge species composition in different seagrass beds. The observation was conducted in two seagrass ecosystems at the east (site 1) and at the southeast (site 2) of Pramuka Island, Kepulauan Seribu, near Jakarta Bay, Indonesia. The Belt Transect was used to assess the density of sponges on the seagrass ecosystem, which was placed parallel to the coastline. The sponges species has higher number at the east than the southeast, with both sites was dominated by Spirastrella sp. and Agelas conifera. Correspondence Analysis (CA) results showed that sponges community has close interaction with seagrass abundance especially Cymodocea rotundata and Enhalus acoroides and architectural characteristic (patchily or continues meadows). Antibacterial assay of sponges tissue showed that only 7 sponge species has activity against targeting bacteria. The CA results also showed that sponge antibacterial activity was not correlated with seagrass species, with low bactericide and bacteriastatic activities. The implication of this result showed that sponges community can grow up at seagrass ecosystem eventhough their potential secondary metabolite activities is very low probably due to lack of stimulus mechanisms in the environment. 
REPRODUCTIVE ASPECTS OF SCALLOPED PERCHLET, Ambassis nalua (HAMILTON, 1822) IN PABEAN BAY INDRAMAYU, WEST JAVA
Authors: Arianti Nisha Desfi , Rahardjo M.F. , Zahid Ahmad
Published: October 2017

ABSTRACT

Scalloped perchlet, Ambassis nalua,  is one of fishes in Pabean Bay, Indramayu. This research aims to determine the reproductive aspects of Ambassis nalua in Pabean Bay Indramayu including sex ratio, spawning season, first maturity, fecundity and spawning pattern. Fish samples were collected by trap net and trammel net at three sites in Pabean Bay from April to October 2015. A total of 424 of A. nalua were caught, consist of 114 males and 310 females; with total length ranged from 38.04 to 112.63 mm and total weight ranged from 0.37 to 25.44 g. Sex ratio of mature fish  was 1:1.9. The mature males and females were found in every month of sampling period. The gonado-somatic index (GSI) ranged from 0.40 to 0.83 and 2.36 to 4.54 for male and female, respectively. The peak of spawning season was found in September. The first maturity (Lm50) for male and female were 79.17 mm and 91.25 mm, respectively. The fecundity varied from 3,451–32,465 eggs. Egg diameter distribution shows that spawning pattern of A. nalua was batch spawner.

 
Keywords: Ambassis nalua, spawning season, sex ratio, reproduction
POPULATION STRUCTURE AND MORPHOMETRY OF HORSESHOE CRAB Carcinoscorpius rotundicauda, Latreille 1802 IN KAMPUNG GISI COASTAL AREA OF BINTAN BAY OF RIAU ISLANDS PROVINCE
Authors: Anggraini Rika , Bengen Dietriech G. , Natih Nyoman Metta N.
Published: October 2017

Horseshoe crab, Carcinoscorpius rotundicauda is frequently found in the coastal zone of Bintan Bay of Riau Islands Province. The study was conducted from August to September 2016 in coastal area of Kampung Gisi, Bintan bay. The aims of the study were to analyse the population structure and morphometric characters of horseshoe crab and its relation to the coastal environmental characteristics. Sampling of horseshoe crab was taken using belt transect method, and coastal environmental parameters were measured in-situ. The results show that b values of length-weight relationship were found to be 3.3 (male) and 2.6 (female) respectively. Furthermore, the growth pattern of males were positive allometric, and females were negative allometric. Horseshoe crab are closely related to sandy mudflats sediment, brackish water salinity and mangrove habitat distribution.

 

Keywords: horseshoe crab, population structure, morphometry, environmental characteristics, Bintan Bay
EVALUATION OF THE USE OF FAAS FOR SR/CA CONCENTRATION ANALYSIS OF PORITES FROM AMBON BAY AND JUKUNG ISLAND CORAL
Authors: Ikhsani Idha Yulia , Dida Eki Naidania , Cahyarini Sri Yudawati
Published: October 2017

The ratio of Sr/Ca concentration in coral is usually used as paleothermometer. Inductively Coupled Plasma (ICP) is an instrument, which is often used to analyze Sr/Ca concentration in Porites sp. The method is very sensitive and requires small amount of sample. However, the availability of this instrument is very limited. To deal with it, Flame Atomic Adsorption Spectrophotometer (FAAS) is an alternative in order to analyze the concentration of various elements include Sr and Ca. The aim of this study was to evaluate the result of the analysis methods of strontium and calcium concentration in coral using FAAS and compared to ICP results. Sample of Porites coral was taken from Ambon Bay and Jukung Island. The strontium and calcium concentration were analyzed using Flame Atomic Adsorption Spectrophotometer (FAAS). The results showed that the average of ratio Sr/Ca in coral from Ambon Bay and Jukung Island were 8.71 and 7.708 mmol/mol. The monthly variation of  ratio Sr/Ca in coral from Ambon Bay were 6.28 - 10.24 mmol/mol, while in coral from Jukung Island were  1.005 - 10.914 mmol/mol. Result of  FAAS analysis was too broad in range compared to ICP, ie 8.462 - 8.807 dan 8.45 – 8.7 mmol/mol. The range was estimated due to the occurrence of strontium and calcium ionization reaction in flame of FAAS.

 
Keywords: FAAS, coral, ratio Sr/Ca
Designing Multimodal Texts about the Middle Ages
Authors: Insulander Eva , Lindstrand Fredrik , Selander Staffan
Published: October 2017

Multimedial and multimodal communication arouse interest in many
fields of research today. By contrast, little attention is paid to multimodality in relation
to designs for learning, especially in relation to representations of knowledge
on an aggregated level. By analyzing three multimodal texts about the Middle
Ages, including a textbook, a film series and a museum exhibition, this article provides
insight into the role of multimodal designs for learning in a school context.
War Memories and Online Encyclopedias
Authors: Makhortykh Mykola
Published: October 2017

This article examines how digital media interact with collective memories
and teaching practices by exploring a selection of Wikipedia articles that describe
the capture of Lviv by the Germans on 30 June 1941. This event constitutes an
important episode in the history of Ukraine and a complex case of violence that
produced several controversies concerning the national historiographies of the
Second World War in the post-Soviet region. Using a combination of qualitative
and quantitative metrics, this article investigates how the event is represented in
different language versions of Wikipedia and assesses what kind of memory is produced
by each of them.
Challenging Substantive Knowledge in Educational Media
Authors: Garske Lucas Frederik
Published: October 2017

Many scholars working on history education have stressed that, in order
to “do history,” a congruent relation between substantive and procedural knowledge
is required. In response to this argument, this article emphasizes the need
to consider pupils’ relations to substantive knowledge. With reference to history
textbooks currently used in Germany, it demonstrates how the introduction of
substantive knowledge with the help of the logic of “historical thinking” derived
from expert discourses may obstruct the process of historical thinking. Finally, the
article presents alternative approaches and their possible consequences for history
education.