bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Unified Singularity Crossing of a 3-(rR)PS Metamorphic Parallel Mechanism through Dynamic Modeling
Authors: Nurahmi Latifah , Gan Dongming , Setya Wega Tama Adi
Published: March 2023

Metamorphic parallel mechanisms can change into multiple configurations with different motion types and mobility, which consequently yield different solutions of inverse dynamics when crossing singularity. Thus, a unified solution of inverse dynamics to cross singularity becomes important. This solution relies on the consistency condition, the first indeterminate form, and this paper proposes an additional condition by extending into the second indeterminate form. This paper presents unified dynamic models of a 3-(rR)PS metamorphic parallel mechanism to pass through singularities. The analysis is carried out on all three configurations of the 3-(rR)PS metamorphic parallel mechanism. The dynamic models are established using Lagrange formulation, and three conditions to cross singularities are employed. The first condition is based on the consistency condition where the uncontrollable motion should be reciprocal to the wrench matrix. The denominator of inverse Jacobian is its determinant whose value is zero at singularities. This singularity can be discarded by compensating the numerator to be zero. Both the numerator and denominator are null, and this indeterminate form becomes the second condition. Both conditions are sufficient for inverse dynamics of one configuration to pass through singularity, but not for other configurations. Therefore, the second indeterminate form is proposed to be the third condition to be fulfilled. Consequently, the 11th-degree polynomial is required for path planning. The results are presented and confirmed by ADAMS simulation.
Qualitative Properties of Solutions to a Class of Sixth-Order Equations
Authors: Danet Cristian-Paul
Published: March 2023

In this paper, we present a detailed study of a class of sixth-order semilinear PDEs: existence, regularity and uniqueness. The uniqueness results are a consequence of a maximum principle called the P-function method.
The Effect of Dentine Desensitizing Agents on the Retention of Cemented Fixed Dental Prostheses: A Systematic Review
Authors: Sayed Mohammed E.
Published: March 2023

Background and Objectives: The use of desensitizing agents (DA) after tooth preparation to prevent hypersensitivity is well documented in the literature. A fixed dental prosthesis (FDP) should have good retention to be successful. Inadequate retention may result in microleakage, secondary caries, and, eventually, dislodgement of the FDP. The effect of DAs on the retention of FDPs has been widely studied in the literature, but the results are conflicting. Thus, this study aimed to conduct a systematic review to assess the effect of dentine desensitizing agents, used to prevent post-cementation hypersensitivity, on the retention of cemented FDPs. The null hypothesis framed was that there is no effect of dentine desensitizing agents on the retention of cemented FDPs. The focused PICO question was as follows: “Does the application of dentine desensitizing agents (I) affect the retention (O) of cemented fixed dental prosthesis (P) when compared to non-dentine desensitizing groups (C)”? Materials and Methods: Four electronic databases were systematically searched and, on the basis of the predefined inclusion and exclusion criteria, 23 articles were included in this systematic review. A modified CONSORT scale for in vitro studies was used to assess the quality of the selected studies, as all included studies were in vitro studies. Results: Most of the studies compared the effect of more than one type of DA on retention. The results of the selected studies varied due to differences in the composition of tested dentine DAs and types of luting cements. Conclusions: Within the limitations of this study, it can be concluded that the retention values of FDPs cemented using zinc phosphate cement were reduced with most of the DAs, whereas retention values increased when GIC, resin-modified GIC, and resin cements were used with the majority of DAs. These findings are important, as they can guide dentists in selecting the DA before cementing the crowns with the luting agent of their choice, without compromising the retention of the crowns.
Presence of Differences in the Radiofrequency Parameters Applied to Complex Pressure Ulcers: A Secondary Analysis
Authors: Barbas-Monjo Miguel Ángel , Sánchez-Romero Eleuterio A. , Villafañe Jorge Hugo , Martínez-Rolando Lidia , Velasco García Cuevas Jara , Cuenca-Zaldivar Juan Nicolás
Published: March 2023

Background: Pressure ulcers are a public health problem given the impact that they have on morbidity, mortality and the quality of life and participation of patients who suffer from them. Therefore, the main objective of this study was to evaluate the presence of differences in the radiofrequency parameters applied to complex pressure ulcers throughout the sessions and between the right and left leg. As a secondary objective, the subjective perceptions of the effects of the treatment by both the patients and the practitioner were analyzed. Methods: We performed a secondary analysis of data from a prospective study involving 36 patients from the Hospital de Guadarrama in Madrid, Spain, who presented ulcers in the lower limbs. Ten treatment sessions of radiofrequency were administered with a frequency of one session/week, collecting the data referring to the variables in each of the sessions. The main outcome variables were the radiofrequency parameters automatically adjusted in each session and that referred to the frequency (Hz), maximum and average power (W), absorbed energy by the ulcer (J/cm2) and temperature (°C) reached by the tissues. On the other hand, the subjective perception of the results was evaluated using the Global Response Assessment (GRA), a Likert-type scale that scores the treatment results from 1 (significantly worse) to 5 (significantly better). Likewise, the satisfaction of both the patients and the professional were evaluated using a 10-point numerical scale. Results: The ANOVA test showed significant differences (p < 0.05) throughout the sessions except in patient satisfaction. The ANOVA test showed significant differences (p < 0.05) between both legs and over time in all parameters except for frequency. The presence of significant differences (p < 0.05) was observed over time between legs compared to the initial values in the absorbed energy and in temperature, with higher final values in the absorbed energy in the left leg compared to the right (26.31 ± 3.75 W vs. 17.36 ± 5.66 W) and a moderate effect on both (R2 = 0.471 and 0.492, respectively). The near absence of changes in the satisfaction of both the patients and the professional was observed, while the score in the GRA decreased continuously throughout the sessions. Conclusions: Radiofrequency parameters are indicative of an improved clinical response to ulcers. In addition, higher radiofrequency exposure increases healing capacity. However, the subjective perception of treatment outcomes worsened, which may be related to the chronic nature of the ulcers, leading to patients’ expectations not being met.
Effects of Selective Serotonin Reuptake Inhibitor Treatment on Ovarian Reserves in Patients with Depression
Authors: Gök Soner , Gök Berfin Can , Alataş Erkan , Senol Hande , Topak Osman Zülkif
Published: March 2023

Background and Objectives: The goal of this study was to investigate the effect of selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor treatment on the ovarian reserves of women of reproductive age with major depressive disorder. Materials and Methods: The current study is a prospective controlled trial including 48 women with major depressive disorder and 48 age-matched healthy controls. Ovarian reserve tests are performed prior to treatment and after six cycles of selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor treatment in the major depressive disorder group. Serum follicle-stimulating hormone, luteinizing hormone, estradiol, and anti-Müllerian hormone levels were evaluated from blood samples, and endometrial thickness, total antral follicle count, and volume of both ovaries were assessed using transvaginal ultrasonography. Results: When the first measurements were compared, menstrual duration and menstrual bleeding increased (p = 0.007 and 0.005, respectively) and luteinizing hormone decreased (p = 0.045) in the major depressive disorder group, while follicle-stimulating hormone, estradiol, anti-Müllerian hormone, endometrial thickness, total antral follicle count, and mean ovarian volume did not differ significantly between groups (p > 0.05). When the major depressive disorder group’s first and final measurements were compared, follicle-stimulating hormone, estradiol, and endometrial thickness increased (p = 0.05, 0.0001, and 0.005, respectively), luteinizing hormone remained constant (p = 0.541), and anti-Müllerian hormone and total antral follicle count decreased (p = 0.024 and 0.042, respectively). Conclusions: In this study, we observed that the ovarian reserve test results of patients diagnosed with major depression for the first time after 6 months of SSRI treatment were significantly different from the results of the pretreatment and control groups.
Effect of Dexamethasone on Abiraterone Pharmacokinetics in Mice: Determined by LC/MS Analysis
Authors: Deb Subrata , Ben-Eltriki Mohamed , Adomat Hans , Chin Mei Y. , Tomlinson Guns Emma S.
Published: March 2023

Background: Abiraterone acetate is a cytochrome P450 17A1 (CYP17A1) inhibitor that is indicated for use in both castration-resistant and castration-sensitive prostate cancer patients. To manage the mineralocorticoid effects of CYP17A1 inhibition, a glucocorticoid such as dexamethasone is co-administered with abiraterone. The goal of the present study was to understand the effect of dexamethasone on the disposition of abiraterone. Methods: Adult male CD-1 mice were treated with either dexamethasone (80 mg/kg/day) or vehicle for three consecutive days, followed by the administration of a single dose of abiraterone acetate (180 mg/kg) as an oral gavage. Blood samples were collected by tail bleeding at timepoints between 0 to 24 h. Subsequently, abiraterone was extracted from the mouse serum using a neutral pH condition and serum abiraterone levels were determined using a liquid chromatography–mass spectrometry assay. Results: Our results demonstrated that dexamethasone lowered the maximum plasma concentration and area under the curve parameters by approximately five- and ten-fold, respectively. Similar effects were also observed on the plasma half-life and oral clearance parameters. This is the first report of dexamethasone effect on abiraterone disposition in vivo. Conclusions: We conclude that dexamethasone has the potential to reduce the plasma abiraterone level and thus compromise its CYP17A1 inhibitory ability in the procancerous androgen biosynthesis pathway. Thus, use of a higher abiraterone dose may be warranted when used alongside dexamethasone.
Molecular Dynamics Simulations of the Proteins Regulating Synaptic Vesicle Fusion
Authors: Bykhovskaia Maria
Published: March 2023

Neuronal transmitters are packaged in synaptic vesicles (SVs) and released by the fusion of SVs with the presynaptic membrane (PM). An inflow of Ca2+ into the nerve terminal triggers fusion, and the SV-associated protein Synaptotagmin 1 (Syt1) serves as a Ca2+ sensor. In preparation for fusion, SVs become attached to the PM by the SNARE protein complex, a coiled-coil bundle that exerts the force overcoming SV-PM repulsion. A cytosolic protein Complexin (Cpx) attaches to the SNARE complex and differentially regulates the evoked and spontaneous release components. It is still debated how the dynamic interactions of Syt1, SNARE proteins and Cpx lead to fusion. This problem is confounded by heterogeneity in the conformational states of the prefusion protein–lipid complex and by the lack of tools to experimentally monitor the rapid conformational transitions of the complex, which occur at a sub-millisecond scale. However, these complications can be overcome employing molecular dynamics (MDs), a computational approach that enables simulating interactions and conformational transitions of proteins and lipids. This review discusses the use of molecular dynamics for the investigation of the pre-fusion protein–lipid complex. We discuss the dynamics of the SNARE complex between lipid bilayers, as well as the interactions of Syt1 with lipids and SNARE proteins, and Cpx regulating the assembly of the SNARE complex.
A Comprehensive Study of Sn-Ga2Te3-SnTe Amorphous Alloys: Glass Formation and Crystallization Kinetics
Authors: Zhang Huan , Zhang Yaqi , Li Gong
Published: March 2023

In this paper, newly developed tellurium-based [(Ga2Te3)34(SnTe)66]100-x-Snx amorphous alloys were prepared by the melt-spun method, with a linear velocity of 40 m/s and injection pressure of 20 kPa under an Ar atmosphere. The glass-forming region was identified in the range of x = 0 to 10 mol%. The glass transition temperature Tg and crystallization onset temperature Tc decreased monotonically with the increasing Sn content in the whole compositional range, resulting in the decrease in the stability criterion ΔT from 33 K (S2) to 23 K (S10). The crystallization kinetics were systematically investigated based on the differential scanning calorimeter (DSC) under non-isothermal conditions. The activation energies of the S8 amorphous sample determined by Kissinger and Ozawa equations were Eg (201.1~209.6 kJ/mol), Ec (188.7~198.3 kJ/mol), Ep1 (229.8~240.1 kJ/mol) and Ep2 (264.2~272.6 kJ/mol), respectively. The microscopic structure of the S8 amorphous sample and its annealed glass-ceramics were also analyzed by X-ray diffraction (XRD), transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and selected-area electron diffraction (SAED). The crystalline products were identified as having a SnTe phase (primary crystalline phase) and Ga6SnTe10 phase, thus providing a promising candidate for the development of high-performance thermoelectric glass-ceramic materials.
Microstructural Evolution and Mechanical Properties of Spark Plasma Sintering of Tantalum-Tungsten Alloy
Authors: Yu Dong , Bi Xianlei , Xing Lei , Zhang Qiaoxin
Published: March 2023

Due to the rapid sintering and densification, spark plasma sintering (SPS) technology can significantly inhibit grain coarsening, and obtain alloy with high density and uniform microstructure. Tantalum-tungsten (Ta-W) alloy had been fabricated by powder metallurgy and consolidated by SPS at temperature of 1600 °C for 5 min at the pressure of 35 MPa. Specimens of pure Ta and four tantalum-based alloys with different concentrations of tungsten ranging from 2.5 to 10 were used to investigate the behavior of developed alloys. X-ray diffraction analyses were applied for all compositions of Ta-W alloys. The morphology of fracture sections was analyzed by scanning electron microscopy (SEM). Morphologies of initial Ta and W powders, microstructures of sintering Ta-W alloy and tensile fractographs of the specimens with different components were observed. When the concentrations of tungsten were distributed with 2.5 wt%, 5 wt%, 7.5 wt% and 10 wt%, the measured densities were 16.151 g/cm3, 15.756 g/cm3, 15.711 g/cm3, 15.665 g/cm3 and 15.670 g/cm3 respectively. As the content of tungsten increased, the density of the alloy decreased and the grain was refined, meanwhile the micro-hardness of the samples increased gradually. Furthermore, the addition of tungsten could greatly enhance the strength of the alloys, but decrease the plasticity of the alloys. Ta-2.5 wt%W shows the maximum bending strength with a value of 832.29 MPa, while the percentage of transgranular fracture increased with the increase of tungsten content.
Learning about Victims of Holocaust in Virtual Reality: The Main, Mediating and Moderating Effects of Technology, Instructional Method, Flow, Presence, and Prior Knowledge
Authors: Mulders Miriam
Published: March 2023

The goal of the current study was to investigate the effects of a virtual reality (VR) simulation of Anne Frank’s hiding place on learning. In a 2 × 2 experiment, 132 middle school students learned about the living conditions of Anne Frank, a girl of Jewish heritage during the Second World War, through desktop VR (DVR) and head-mounted display VR (HMD-VR) (media conditions). Approximately half of each group engaged in an explorative vs. an expository learning approach (method condition). The exposition group received instructions on how to explore the hiding place stepwise, whereas the exploration group experienced it autonomously. Next to the main effects of media and methods, the mediating effects of the learning process variables of presence and flow and the moderating effects of contextual variables (e.g., prior technical knowledge) have been analyzed. The results revealed that the HMD-VR led to significantly improved evaluation, and—even if not statistically significant—perspective-taking in Anne, but less knowledge gain compared to DVR. Further results showed that adding instructions and segmentation within the exposition group led to significantly increased knowledge gain compared to the exploration group. For perspective-taking and evaluation, no differences were detected. A significant interaction between media and methods was not found. No moderating effects by contextual variables but mediating effects were observed: For example, the feeling of presence within VR can fully explain the relationships between media and learning. These results support the view that learning processes are crucial for learning in VR and that studies neglecting these learning processes may be confounded. Hence, the results pointed out that media comparison studies are limited because they do not consider the complex interaction structures of media, instructional methods, learning processes, and contextual variables.
Preventing Persistence of HPV Infection with Natural Molecules
Authors: Laganà Antonio Simone , Chiantera Vito , Gerli Sandro , Proietti Sara , Lepore Elisa , Unfer Vittorio , Carugno Jose , Favilli Alessandro
Published: March 2023

Human papillomavirus (HPV) infection is one the most common sexually transmitted infections worldwide. In most cases, the infection is temporary and asymptomatic; however, when persistent, it may lead to lesions that can evolve into cancer in both women and men. Nowadays, prophylactic vaccination is the primary preventive strategy for HPV infections, but vaccines do not cover all types of HPV strains. Scientific research has uncovered the beneficial role of some natural supplements in preventing persistent HPV infections or treating HPV-related lesions. We review the current insight into the roles of natural molecules in HPV infection with a special focus on epigallocatechin gallate (EGCG), folic acid, vitamin B12, and hyaluronic acid (HA). Specifically, EGCG from green tea extracts plays a critical role in suppressing HPV oncogenes and oncoproteins (E6/E7), which are responsible for HPV oncogenic activity and cancer development. Folic acid and vitamin B12 are essential vitamins for multiple functions in the body, and accumulating evidence suggests their importance in maintaining a high degree of methylation of the HPV genome, thus decreasing the likelihood of causing malignant lesions. HA, due to its re-epithelizing property, may prevent HPV virus entry in damaged mucosa and epithelia. Thereby, based on these premises, the combination of EGCG, folic acid, vitamin B12, and HA may be a very promising therapeutic approach to prevent HPV persistence.
Tunable Transparency and Group Delay in Cavity Optomechanical Systems with Degenerate Fermi Gas
Authors: Yusoff Fatin Nadiah , Zulkifli Muhammad Afiq , Ali Norshamsuri , Singh Shailendra Kumar , Abdullah Nooraihan , Ahmad Hambali Nor Azura Malini , Edet Collins Okon
Published: March 2023

We theoretically investigate the optical response and the propagation of an external probe field in a Fabry–Perot cavity, which consists of a mechanical mode of trapped, ultracold, fermionic atoms inside and simultaneously driven by an optical laser field. We investigate the electromagnetically-induced transparency due to coupling of the optical cavity field with the collective density excitations of the ultracold fermionic atoms via radiation pressure force. Moreover, we discuss the variations in the phase and group delay of the transmitted probe field with respect to effective cavity detuning as well as pumping power. It is observed that the transmitted field is lagging in this fermionic cavity optomechanical system. Our study shall provide a method to control the propagation as well as the speed of the transmitted probe field in this kind of fermionic, ultracold, atom-based, optomechanical cavity system, which might have potential applications in optical communications, signal processing and quantum information processing.
Polyacrylamide Hydrogel Enriched with Amber for In Vitro Plant Rooting
Authors: Kernosenko Lyudmyla , Samchenko Kateryna , Goncharuk Olena , Pasmurtseva Natalya , Poltoratska Tetiana , Siryk Olena , Dziuba Oksana , Mironov Oleg , Szewczuk-Karpisz Katarzyna
Published: March 2023

In this work, a new material for in vitro plant rooting based on highly dispersed polyacrylamide hydrogel (PAAG) enriched with amber powder was synthesized and investigated. PAAG was synthesized by homophase radical polymerization with ground amber addition. Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) and rheological studies were used to characterize the materials. They showed that the synthesized hydrogels have physicochemical and rheological parameters similar to those of the standard agar media. The acute toxicity of PAAG-amber was estimated based on the influence of washing water on the viability of plant seeds (pea and chickpea) and Daphnia magna. It proved its biosafety after four washes. The impact on plant rooting was studied using the propagation of Cannabis sativa on synthesized PAAG-amber and compared with agar. The developed substrate stimulated the rooting of the plants to more than 98% in comparison to standard agar medium (95%). Additionally, the use of PAAG-amber hydrogel markedly enhanced metric indicators of seedlings: root length increased by 28%, stem length—by 26.7%, root weight—by 167%, stem weight—by 67%, root and stem length—by 27%, root and stem weight—by 50%. This means that the developed hydrogel significantly accelerates reproduction and allows obtaining a larger amount of plant material within a shorter period of time than the standard agar substrate.
Enzymatic, Antioxidant, and Antimicrobial Activities of Bioactive Compounds from Avocado (Persea americana L.) Seeds
Authors: Kupnik Kaja , Primožič Mateja , Kokol Vanja , Knez Željko , Leitgeb Maja
Published: March 2023

The aim of this research was to identify and quantify biologically active compounds from avocado (Persea americana L.) seeds (AS) utilizing different techniques with the use of ultrasound (US), ethanol (EtOH), and supercritical carbon dioxide (scCO2) for possible applications in (bio)medicine, pharmaceutical, cosmetic, or other relevant industries. Initially, a study of the process efficiency (η) was carried out, which revealed yields in the range of 2.96–12.11 wt%. The sample obtained using scCO2 was found to be the richest in total phenols (TPC) and total proteins (PC), while the sample obtained with the use of EtOH resulted in the highest content of proanthocyanidins (PAC). Phytochemical screening of AS samples, quantified by the HPLC method, indicated the presence of 14 specific phenolic compounds. In addition, the activity of the selected enzymes (cellulase, lipase, peroxidase, polyphenol oxidase, protease, transglutaminase, and superoxide dismutase) was quantified for the first time in the samples from AS. Using DPPH radical scavenging activity, the highest antioxidant potential (67.49%) was detected in the sample obtained with EtOH. The antimicrobial activity was studied using disc diffusion method against 15 microorganisms. Additionally, for the first time, the antimicrobial effectiveness of AS extract was quantified by determination of microbial growth-inhibition rates (MGIRs) at different concentrations of AS extract against three strains of Gram-negative (Escherichia coli, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, and Pseudomonas fluorescens) bacteria, three strains of Gram-positive (Bacillus cereus, Staphylococcus aureus, and Streptococcus pyogenes) bacteria, and fungi (Candida albicans). MGIRs and minimal inhibitory concentration (MIC90) values were determined after 8 and 24 h of incubation, thus enabling the screening of antimicrobial efficacy for possible further applications of AS extracts as antimicrobial agents in (bio)medicine, pharmaceutical, cosmetic, or other industries. For example, the lowest MIC90 value was determined for B. cereus after 8 h of incubation in the case of UE and SFE extracts (70 μg/mL), indicating an outstanding result and the potential of AS extracts, as the MIC values for B. cereus have not been investigated so far.
Changes in Metal-Chelating Metabolites Induced by Drought and a Root Microbiome in Wheat
Authors: Anderson Anne J. , Hortin Joshua M. , Jacobson Astrid R. , Britt David W. , McLean Joan E.
Published: March 2023

The essential metals Cu, Zn, and Fe are involved in many activities required for normal and stress responses in plants and their microbiomes. This paper focuses on how drought and microbial root colonization influence shoot and rhizosphere metabolites with metal-chelation properties. Wheat seedlings, with and without a pseudomonad microbiome, were grown with normal watering or under water-deficit conditions. At harvest, metal-chelating metabolites (amino acids, low molecular weight organic acids (LMWOAs), phenolic acids, and the wheat siderophore) were assessed in shoots and rhizosphere solutions. Shoots accumulated amino acids with drought, but metabolites changed little due to microbial colonization, whereas the active microbiome generally reduced the metabolites in the rhizosphere solutions, a possible factor in the biocontrol of pathogen growth. Geochemical modeling with the rhizosphere metabolites predicted Fe formed Fe–Ca–gluconates, Zn was mainly present as ions, and Cu was chelated with the siderophore 2′-deoxymugineic acid, LMWOAs, and amino acids. Thus, changes in shoot and rhizosphere metabolites caused by drought and microbial root colonization have potential impacts on plant vigor and metal bioavailability.
New Biological and Chemical Insights into Optimization of Chamomile Extracts by Using Artificial Neural Network (ANN) Model
Authors: Cvetanović Kljakić Aleksandra , Radosavljević Miloš , Zengin Gokhan , Yan Linlin , Gašić Uroš , Kojić Predrag , Torbica Aleksandra , Belović Miona , Zeković Zoran
Published: March 2023

Chamomile is one of the most consumed medicinal plants worldwide. Various chamomile preparations are widely used in various branches of both traditional and modern pharmacy. However, in order to obtain an extract with a high content of the desired components, it is necessary to optimize key extraction parameters. In the present study, optimization of process parameters was performed using the artificial neural networks (ANN) model using a solid-to-solvent ratio, microwave power and time as inputs, while the outputs were the yield of the total phenolic compounds (TPC). Optimized extraction conditions were as follows: a solid-to-solvent ratio of 1:80, microwave power of 400 W, extraction time of 30 min. ANN predicted the content of the total phenolic compounds, which was later experimentally confirmed. The extract obtained under optimal conditions was characterized by rich composition and high biological activity. Additionally, chamomile extract showed promising properties as growth media for probiotics. The study could make a valuable scientific contribution to the application of modern statistical designs and modelling to improve extraction techniques.
Research on Comprehensive Evaluation of Equipment for the Tea Processing Craft
Authors: Mei Song , Jiang Qinghai , Song Zhiyu
Published: March 2023

Chinese tea has a long history, and the development level of tea mechanization in this country is in the leading position internationally. Equipment for the tea processing craft is one of the most widely used types in China; indispensable technology is used for high-quality tea in the relevant tea processing equipment. The performance of tea processing equipment is always a focus when it is being used. Meanwhile, research evaluating the performance of tea processing equipment has been rarely reported. Thus, it is important to find a methodology to evaluate the performance of equipment for the tea processing craft. In this paper, a new method of rough set theory, as well as a radar chart for quality evaluation of tea processed by different tea processing crafts, is created. Firstly, the important indexes of processed tea are presented, including moisture, tea polyphenols, free amino acids, caffeine, and vitamin C. Then, these indexes for nine different types of processed tea based on different tea processing crafts are experimented and detected. Thirdly, rough set theory and radar chart are adopted to solving the weight of each index and establishing comprehensive evaluation diagram of all kinds of samples. Then, the merit of samples can be achieved. Meanwhile, the best tea processing equipment craft can be also obtained through comparisons between the sensory evaluation and the radar chart. It is concluded that sample 2, sample 3 and sample 4 belong to the best processing samples, and it is verified that the far-infrared radiation tea green removing machine has a significant influence on tea processing equipment craft. In addition, from the comprehensive analysis of green tea sample, not only tea quality but equipment craft of tea processing can be analyzed.
The Determinants of Profitability in the City Commercial Banks: Case of China
Authors: Jigeer Shawuya , Koroleva Ekaterina
Published: March 2023

This study uses a panel data regression model to investigate how internal and external factors affect the profitability of city commercial banks in China. The research sample consists of 16 listed city commercial banks with an unbalanced dataset covering the time period within the period of 2008–2020. A panel data regression method is utilized to investigate the factors that influence the profitability of city commercial banks in China. There are several estimation methods in panel data, and the most commonly employed models are the fixed effects and random effects models. The pooled OLS model is often used for comparison for panel data regression, and the appropriate model will be determined by statistical hypothesis testing. The results show that internal explanatory variables such as bank size, capital adequacy, credit quality, and operating efficiency and external explanatory variables such as province GDP and inflation have a significant impact on the profitability of city commercial banks, while liquidity has no significant effect on the bank’s profitability. The paper contributes to the relevant literature by identifying the determinants of city commercial banks’ profitability considering the latest situation of the banking sector in China and provides practical implications from the perspective of improving bank profitability, which are important for both banking management and regulators and for the municipal and state.
Optical Imaging, Optical Sensing and Devices
Authors: Chen Wen , Tang Ming , Wang Liang
Published: March 2023

Technological advances have recently provided an excellent opportunity for development in optical fields, e [...]
Effects of Concurrent High-Intensity and Strength Training on Muscle Power and Aerobic Performance in Young Soccer Players during the Pre-Season
Authors: Thomakos Pierros , Spyrou Konstantinos , Katsikas Christos , Geladas Nikolaos D. , Bogdanis Gregory C.
Published: March 2023

The aim of the present study was to evaluate two different intervention programs applied during a 4-week pre-season period. Twenty-nine players participated in this study and were divided into two groups. One group (BallTrain, n = 12, age: 17.8 ± 0.4 years, body mass: 73.9 ± 7.6 kg, height: 178 ± 0.1 cm, body fat: 9.6 ± 5.3%) performed a higher percentage of aerobic training with ball and strength training using plyometrics and exercises with body weight. The other group (HIITTrain, n = 17, age: 17.8 ± 0.7 years, body mass: 73.3 ± 5.0 kg, height: 179 ± 0.1 cm, body fat: 8.0 ± 2.3%) trained with high-intensity interval training (HIIT) without the ball and performed resistance training with weights in the same session. Both groups trained for strength (two times/week) and performed aerobic–anaerobic fitness without the ball, passing games, and tactical and small-sided games. Lower limb power (CMJ) and aerobic fitness (Yo-Yo intermittent recovery test level 1-IR1) were evaluated before and after the four-week training program. Yo-Yo IR1 performance was improved in both groups, but the improvement was greater for the HIITTrain than BallTrain group (468 ± 180 vs. 183 ± 177 m, p = 0.07). CMJ showed a non-significant improvement in the BallTrain group (5.8 ± 8.8%, p = 0.16), but it decreased by 8.1 ± 9% (p = 0.001), in the HIITTrain group. In conclusion, we have shown that a short pre-season period of training results in improvements in aerobic fitness in both groups, with high-intensity interval training showing superior adaptations than training with the ball. However, CMJ performance was reduced in this group, possibly suggesting higher fatigue levels and overload, and/or showing the effects of concurrent HIITTrain and strength training in soccer.
A Study of the Integrated Model with Norm Activation Model and Theory of Planned Behavior: Applying the Green Hotel’s Corporate Social Responsibilities
Authors: Kim YoungHyun
Published: March 2023

This study investigated the structural relationship between the green behavior of green hotel users by integrating and applying green corporate social responsibility (GCSR), the norm activation model (NAM), and theory of planned behavior (TPB). The survey targets were customers who have visited green hotels at least 1–2 times in the past two years and completed an online (mobile) self-written Google survey. In addition, to increase the validity of the research hypothesis of this study, the definition of green hotel CSR was simply explained for understanding before the survey began. Four hundred and fifty surveys were distributed for a month from 15 October 2022, and 386 samples were used for final analysis, excluding non-response, and SPSS and Amos programs were used for the analysis. The analysis results of the research hypothesis are as follows. In the process of GCSR on the green behavior of hotel users, the relationships between awareness of consequence (AC), ascription of responsibility (AR), and personal norm (PN) of NAM were all found to have a significant effect. Therefore, H1a–d are supported. Additionally, in the context of another theory, TPB, in the process of GCSR on the green behavior of hotel users, the study verified the relationship between attitude (AT), subjective norm (SN), and perceived behavioral control (PBC) of TPB. However, GCSR has no significant effect on PBC, so H2c was rejected, and PBC has no significant effect on green behavioral intention (GBI), so H4c was rejected. Finally, subjective norm (SN) as a variable of TPB was found to have a significant positive effect on PN as a variable of NAM. Thus, H3 was supported. This study intends to present useful basic evidence by providing academic and practical implications for establishing the management strategy of hotel companies.
Heroin-Related Fatalities in Jeddah, Saudi Arabia, between 2008 and 2018
Authors: Al-Asmari Ahmed I. , Alharbi Hassan , Al-Zahrani Abdulnasser E. , Zughaibi Torki A.
Published: March 2023

To date, epidemiological studies have not evaluated heroin-related deaths in the Middle East and North African regions, especially Saudi Arabia. All heroin-related postmortem cases reported at the Jeddah Poison Control Center (JPCC) over a 10-year period (21 January 2008 to 31 July 2018) were reviewed. In addition, liquid chromatography electrospray ionization tandem mass spectrometry (LC/ESI-MS/MS) was utilized to determine the 6-monoacetylmorphine (6-MAM), 6-acetylcodeine (6-AC), morphine (MOR), and codeine contents in unhydrolyzed postmortem specimens. Ninety-seven heroin-related deaths were assessed in this study, and they represented 2% of the total postmortem cases at the JPCC (median age, 38; 98% male). In the blood, urine, vitreous humor, and bile samples, the median morphine concentrations were 280 ng/mL, 1400 ng/mL, 90 ng/mL, and 2200 ng/mL, respectively; 6-MAM was detected in 60%, 100%, 99%, and 59% of the samples, respectively; and 6-AC was detected in 24%, 68%, 50%, and 30% of the samples, respectively. The highest number of deaths (33% of total cases) was observed in the 21–30 age group. In addition, 61% of cases were classified as “rapid deaths,” while 24% were classified as “delayed deaths.” The majority (76%) of deaths were accidental; 7% were from suicide; 5% were from homicide; and 11% were undetermined. This is the first epidemiological study to investigate heroin-related fatalities in Saudi Arabia and the Middle East and North African region. The rate of heroin-related deaths in Jeddah remained stable but increased slightly at the end of the study period. Most patients were heroin-dependent abusers and from the middle-aged group. The availability of urine, vitreous humor, and bile specimens provided valuable information regarding the opioids that were administered and the survival time following heroin injection.
Special Issue “New Insights into Current and Future Vaccines against SARS-CoV-2 Variants of Concern and Interest”
Authors: Qu Bingqian , Li Xue
Published: March 2023

The coronavirus (COVID-19) pandemic has been a global threat for the past three years at the time of writing, leading to more than 675 million confirmed cases and 6 [...]
Household Composition and Inequalities in COVID-19 Vaccination in Wales, UK
Authors: Lench Alex , Perry Malorie , Johnson Rhodri D. , Fry Richard , Richardson Gill , Lyons Ronan A. , Akbari Ashley , Edwards Adrian , Collins Brendan , Joseph-Williams Natalie , Cooper Alison , Cottrell Simon
Published: March 2023

The uptake of COVID-19 vaccination in Wales is high at a population level but many inequalities exist. Household composition may be an important factor in COVID-19 vaccination uptake due to the practical, social, and psychological implications associated with different living arrangements. In this study, the role of household composition in the uptake of COVID-19 vaccination in Wales was examined with the aim of identifying areas for intervention to address inequalities. Records within the Wales Immunisation System (WIS) COVID-19 vaccination register were linked to the Welsh Demographic Service Dataset (WDSD; a population register for Wales) held within the Secure Anonymised Information Linkage (SAIL) databank. Eight household types were defined based on household size, the presence or absence of children, and the presence of single or multiple generations. Uptake of the second dose of any COVID-19 vaccine was analysed using logistic regression. Gender, age group, health board, rural/urban residential classification, ethnic group, and deprivation quintile were included as covariates for multivariable regression. Compared to two-adult households, all other household types were associated with lower uptake. The most significantly reduced uptake was observed for large, multigenerational, adult group households (aOR 0.45, 95%CI 0.43–0.46). Comparing multivariable regression with and without incorporation of household composition as a variable produced significant differences in odds of vaccination for health board, age group, and ethnic group categories. These results indicate that household composition is an important factor for the uptake of COVID-19 vaccination and consideration of differences in household composition is necessary to mitigate vaccination inequalities.
The Use of Drones to Deliver Rift Valley Fever Vaccines in Rwanda: Perceptions and Recommendations
Authors: Griffith Evan F. , Schurer Janna M. , Mawindo Billy , Kwibuka Rita , Turibyarive Thierry , Amuguni Janetrix Hellen
Published: March 2023

Given the recent emergence of Rift Valley Fever (RVF) in Rwanda and its profound impact on livelihoods and health, improving RVF prevention and control strategies is crucial. Vaccinating livestock is one of the most sustainable strategies to mitigate the impact of RVF on health and livelihoods. However, vaccine supply chain constraints severely limit the effectiveness of vaccination programs. In the human health sector, unmanned aerial vehicles, i.e., drones, are increasingly used to improve supply chains and last-mile vaccine delivery. We investigated perceptions of whether delivering RVF vaccines by drone in Rwanda might help to overcome logistical constraints in the vaccine supply chain. We conducted semi-structured interviews with stakeholders in the animal health sector and Zipline employees in Nyagatare District in the Eastern Province of Rwanda. We used content analysis to identify key themes. We found that stakeholders in the animal health sector and Zipline employees believe that drones could improve RVF vaccination in Nyagatare. The primary benefits study participants identified included decreased transportation time, improved cold chain maintenance, and cost savings.
COVID-19 and Frailty
Authors: Ciarambino Tiziana , Crispino Pietro , Minervini Giovanni , Giordano Mauro
Published: March 2023

Older age is a major risk factor for adverse outcomes of COVID-19, potentially due to immunosenescence and chronic low-grade inflammation, both characteristics of older adults which synergistically contribute to their vulnerability. Furthermore, older age is also associated with decreased kidney function and is consequently associated with an increased risk of cardiovascular disease. All of this in the course of COVID-19 infection can worsen and promote the progression of chronic kidney damage and all its sequelae. Frailty is a condition characterized by the decline in function of several homeostatic systems, leading to increased vulnerability to stressors and risk of adverse health outcomes. Thus, it is very likely that frailty, together with comorbidities, may have contributed to the high vulnerability to severe clinical manifestations and deaths from COVID-19 among older people. The combination of viral infection and chronic inflammation in the elderly could cause multiple unforeseen harmful consequences, affecting overall disability and mortality rates. In post-COVID-19 patients, inflammation has been implicated in sarcopenia progression, functional activity decline, and dementia. After the pandemic, it is imperative to shine a spotlight on these sequelae so that we can be prepared for the future outcomes of the ongoing pandemic. Here, we discuss the potential long-term consequences of SARS-CoV-2 infection and its possibility of causing permanent damage to the precarious balance existing in the frail elderly with multiple pathologies.
Cultural memory and neuro-critical reading of Ian McEwan's atonement
Authors: Jamalpour Hamed , Yaghoobi-Derabi Javad
Published: March 2023

The structural and value developments resulting from the cultural revolution in contemporary societies, parallel to the growth, have sought attention to the category of memory. Cultural memory has become an important tool in producing discourses and representations, as well as forming the cultural identity of social groups and communication with many institutions and social structures. The present article seeks to describe the contexts, functions, and effects of memory studies as an interdisciplinary academic tradition and introduce its main approaches and methods, especially in the tradition of cultural studies. For this purpose, the approach of neuro-aesthetics was utilized, and the Atonement Novel was reviewed, which in addition to adding important agendas in the study of everyday life and popular culture, also has a great contribution to the connection of humanities and social sciences and a better understanding of cultural and social complexities. Given the results, the major probable addition for the humanities from discussions with neuroscience is a pulling together of consideration on a few center inquiries of normal interest.
1970 en revistas y publicaciones periódicas argentinas: entre Marechal y Borges
Authors: Saítta Sylvia
Published: March 2023

Este artículo propone algunas hipótesis sobre la recepción contemporánea de los dos libros más importantes de la literatura argentina que se publicaron a mediados del año 1970 —Megafón, o la guerra, de Leopoldo Marechal, y El informe de Brodie, de Jorge Luis Borges—, poco después del hecho político que marcó un antes y un después en la historia de la política argentina: el secuestro y la muerte del general Pedro Eugenio Aramburu por parte de Montoneros el 29 de mayo de 1970. La hipótesis del trabajo sostiene que ese hecho único y excepcional, como lo describe Beatriz Sarlo en La pasión y la excepción, se manifiesta tanto en la recepción incómoda de los dos libros, escritos previamente a sus fechas de publicación, como también en los usos políticos e interpretaciones ideológicas que signan sus lecturas. Para ello, el artículo arma el mapa de las revistas que circulaban en 1970, primer ámbito de recepción de los libros, en las cuales se estaban dirimiendo los ejes de la discusión política y revolucionaria, tanto en las revistas político-ideológicas —Cristianismo y Revolución, Propósitos o Pasado y Presente— y los grandes semanarios —Primera Plana, Confirmado, Panorama, Gente, Siete Días—, como también en las revistas culturales: El Escarabajo de Oro, Envido, Los Libros, Macedonio, Nuevos Aires, Sur, Testigo, cuyas páginas fueron atravesadas, salvo raras excepciones, por el álgido debate ideológico.
La figura del psicagogo en Zama de Antonio Di Benedetto
Authors: Sosa Carlos Hernán
Published: March 2023

Este artículo analiza la presencia enigmática del niño rubio, que interviene en momentos centrales a lo largo de la intriga de Zama, la emblemática novela de Antonio Di Benedetto. Para ello, propone como hipótesis de lectura que el personaje encarna una reescritura de la figura divina del Hermes psigagogo o conductor de las almas al inframundo. A partir del comentario en detalle de las cuatro apariciones, es posible sostener este motivo intertextual con el mito clásico griego y, al tiempo, repensar la enunciación general de la novela –en vinculación con toda una línea de la literatura latinoamericana contemporánea– como la expresión de la voz del protagonista muerto.
La reedición de los primeros libros de Gelman
Authors: Freidemberg Daniel
Published: March 2023

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