bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
State of the Practice Worldwide: HCA‐PCA‐EWM Discrimination Model of Water Inrush Source in Mines
Authors: Hu Yongsheng , Huang Pinghua , Gao Hongfei , Su Qiaoqiao
Published: January 2022

The hydrogeological conditions in the North China type coal mine area are complex and diverse, and water gushing accidents are frequent. Quickly and accurately identifying the source of water in these incidents is necessary to reduce the harmful effects of mine floods. Taking the Pingdingshan mining area as an example, what chemical composition data from each of the main aquifers was collected and a mine gushing water source model, based on Hierarchical Cluster Analysis—Principle Component Analysis—Entropy Weighted Membership (HCA‐PCA‐EWM), was established. First, typical water sample data from an aquifer were selected by systematic cluster analysis. Then, the remaining water samples were randomly divided into training and prediction samples. Principal component analysis was used to reduce the dimension of water chemical components in training samples. Finally, the discriminant model of the water gushing source was established on the basis of the entropy weight‐membership degree principle. The accuracy of the HCA‐PCA‐EWM discriminant model approached 100%, while those of traditional PCA‐Fisher and PCA‐EWM discriminant models were 62.5 and 87.5%, respectively. From the above, the HCA‐PCA‐EWM discriminant model can effectively select typical aquifer water samples, significantly improve the accuracy of the model, and provide a theoretical basis for the effective identification of mine water gushing sources.
Safety and efficacy of a self‐induced myofascial release protocol using a foam roller in patients with haemophilic knee arthropathy
Authors: Pérez‐Llanes Raúl , Donoso‐Úbeda Elena , Meroño‐Gallut Javier , Ucero‐Lozano Roberto , Cuesta‐Barriuso Rubén
Published: January 2022

Background

Haemophilic knee arthropathy presents functional and structural alterations and chronic pain. Self‐induced myofascial release aims to treat fascial restrictions and improve functionality.

Aim

This study investigated the safety and effectiveness of a self‐induced myofascial release protocol in patients with haemophilic knee arthropathy.

Methods

Twenty‐five patients with bilateral haemophilic knee arthropathy were recruited (n = 50 knees). The patients followed an intervention protocol, with daily exercises for 8 weeks. The dependent variables were: safety of the technique (periodic telephone monitoring), joint state (Haemophilia Joint Health Score), pain intensity (visual analogue scale), pressure pain threshold (pressure dynamometer), range of motion (universal goniometer) and hamstring flexibility (Fingertip‐To‐Floor test). The resulting values were measured at baseline (T0) and after the intervention (T1). Paired t‐test compared the means between the assessments. Effect size was obtained using Cohen's d mean difference formula. The minimum detectable change of each variable was calculated.

Results

There were no cases of joint bleeding either during or after the procedure. The results showed improvements after the experimental period in joint state (Mean difference [MD]: 1.38; 95% confidence interval [95%CI]: .94;1.81), pain intensity (MD: 1.19; 95%CI: .70;1.67), pressure pain threshold (MD: ‐23.25; 95%CI: ‐26.25;‐19.84), flexion (MD: ‐4.36; 95%CI: ‐5.70;‐3.01), loss of extension (MD: 4.10; 95%CI: 3.01;5.18) and hamstring flexibility (MD: 3.54; 95%CI: 2.61;4.46).

Conclusions

Myofascial self‐release using a foam roller is safe in patients with haemophilic knee arthropathy. A myofascial self‐release protocol can improve perceived pain, range of motion and knee joint status, as well as hamstring flexibility in patients with haemophilic knee arthropathy.
Using the Merlin assay for reducing sentinel lymph node biopsy complications in melanoma: a retrospective cohort study
Authors: Hieken Tina J. , Sadurní Mariana B. , Quattrocchi Enrica , Kobic Ajdin , Sominidi‐Damodaran Sindhuja , Dwarkasing Jvalini T. , Meerstein‐Kessel Lisette , Bridges Alina G. , Meves Alexander
Published: January 2022

Background

The assessment of the sentinel lymph node is a cornerstone of melanoma staging. However, ~80% of sentinel lymph node biopsies (SLNB) are negative and nontherapeutic, and patients are unnecessarily exposed to surgery‐related complications. Here, we gauged the potential of the Merlin assay to reduce SLNB‐associated complications. The Merlin assay uses clinicopathologic variables and tumor gene expression profiling to identify low‐risk patients who may forgo SLNB.

Methods

We utilized the Merlin test development cohort to determine SLNB complication rates for procedures performed between 2004 and 2018 at Mayo Clinic. Complications evaluated were lymphedema, seroma, infection/cellulitis, hematoma, and wound dehiscence. Patients who underwent a completion lymph node dissection were excluded.

Results

A total of 558 patients were included. The overall 90‐day complication rate specific to SLNB (1 year for lymphedema) was 17.4%. The most common complications were seroma (9.3%), infection/cellulitis (4.8%), and lymphedema (4.3%). All three were more common in patients with a lower extremity primary tumor location versus other locations. With Merlin test results applied, SLNB‐related complications would have decreased by 59%.

Conclusion

SLNB is a safe procedure but carries a significant complication rate. Merlin testing might reduce the need for SLNB and its associated complications.
Trinity, regiratio and Mind: An Exploration of the Systematic‐Theological Resources of Ruusbroec’s Regirative Model
Authors: Van Nieuwenhove Rik
Published: January 2022

This article discusses the original and highly dynamic doctrine of the Trinity of Jan van Ruusbroec (1293–1381) and explores its potential for systematic theology today. Ruusbroec characterizes the Trinity as ‘a flowing, ebbing sea’ in which the divine processions are being reversed through a moment of regiratio or return. The theological‐anthropological implications of this view (as well as Ruusbroec’s affirmation of three faculties) are being examined. It is argued that Ruusbroec’s central insight may have two distinct advantages. First, it may supplement some of Thomas Aquinas’s views (who only recognizes two faculties, not three). Aquinas’s dyadic understanding of the human person makes it difficult, for instance, to do full justice to intuitive aspects we associate with mind, as well as to beauty as a transcendental. Secondly, the notion of regiratio may also assist us in addressing the problem of ‘trinitarian inversion’ whereby the ‘sequence’ of the economic missions does not cohere well with that of the immanent processions.
A tetrad effect in the glass transition of lanthanide‐doped sodium disilicate glasses
Authors: Müller Dirk , Hess Kai‐Uwe , Dingwell Donald Bruce
Published: January 2022

Scanning calorimetric determination of the glass transition temperatures (Tg) of sodium disilicate doped individually with 25 wt.% of the oxides of La, Ce, Pr, Nd, Sm, Eu, Gd, Tb, Dy, Ho, Er, Tm, Yb, and Lu reveals the presence of the so‐called “lanthanide tetrad effect” in their glass transition temperatures. This is to the best of our knowledge the first observation of a tetrad effect in the macroscopic properties of a high‐temperature silicate phase.
Responding to safe care: Healthcare staff experiences caring for a child with intellectual disability in hospital. Implications for practice and training
Authors: Ong Natalie , Long Janet C. , Weise Janelle , Walton Merrilyn
Published: January 2022

Background

Children with intellectual disability are vulnerable to adverse events in hospital due to limited staff skills and system safeguards.

Method

A systematic review of the literature explored healthcare staff (HCS) experiences in providing care for children and young persons with intellectual disability in hospital using thematic analysis.

Results

Eleven of the 735 publications extracted identified the following themes: distress, communication, partnerships, identification, training and education and optimising care. Consistent findings suggest that HCS feel unskilled in providing care for the child with intellectual disability in hospital settings. HCS recognised the role of parents as experts of their child but also feel unsettled when challenged by them. Skills in communicating with the child, developing partnerships with parents, having identification systems to plan for reasonable adjustments was key to improving care.

Conclusions

Organisational advocacy, practical skills training in identification, reasonable adjustments and improved attitudes are important for HCS to provide safe and quality care.
Effects of Sacubitril/Valsartan on resistant hypertension and myocardial work in hemodialysis patients
Authors: Wang Bin , Wang Gui‐hua , Ding Xiu‐xia , Tang Hai‐xia , Zheng Jing , Liu Bi‐cheng , Zhang Xiao‐liang
Published: January 2022

Growing evidences have confirmed the effect of Sacubitril/Valsartan (SV) on antihypertension and cardiac protection in general population. However, there was no prospective study about the effect and safety of SV on resistant hypertension and myocardial work in hemodialysis patients. In this single‐center, prospective, before‐after study, enrolled patients were endured with resistant hypertension for more than 6 months. Participants were initially instructed to take SV 50 mg twice daily, and the dosage was gradually increased up to 100 mg twice daily. The primary outcomes were blood pressure (BP) control, N‐terminal pro‐B‐type natriuretic peptide (NT‐proBNP), myocardial work (MW), fatigue and life quality. In addition, the adverse events were also recorded in this cohort. A total of 18 patients (34–64 years old) was finally enrolled and completed in this study. The SV‐based regimen provided significantly mean sitting systolic BP (msSBP) and mean sitting diastolic BP (msDBP) reductions from baseline (‐20.7/‐8.3 mm Hg), respectively. The cardiac remodeling parameters were partially improved. Compared to the baseline, NT‐proBNP was significantly reduced at week 4 (8119.50 [3710.75, 29300] pg/ml to 7216.50 [4124.75, 17455.00] pg/ml, p = .046), which was much lower at week 12 (3130.50 [2244.50, 9565.70] pg/ml, p = .037). Global MW index was higher at week 12 compared to the baseline (p = .026). MW efficiency was also improved accordingly compared to the baseline, even though the statistical difference was not significant (p = .226). Life quality and fatigue were improved at week 12 compared to the baseline (all p = .000). There was no serious adverse events were observed. SV safely and effectively controlled resistant hypertension and improved MW as well as life quality in hemodialysis patients.
Elevated blood pressure in youth in pediatric weight management programs in the Pediatric Obesity Weight Evaluation Registry (POWER)
Authors: Binns Helen J. , Joseph Madeline , Ariza Adolfo J. , Cuda Suzanne E. , Skinner Asheley C. , Xu Haolin , Tucker Jared M. , Hampl Sarah E. , Santos Melissa , Mayo Shawyntee , King Eileen C. , Kirk Shelley ,   the POWER Work Group
Published: January 2022

Blood pressure (BP) assessment and management are important aspects of care for youth with obesity. This study evaluates data of youth with obesity seeking care at 35 pediatric weight management (PWM) programs enrolled in the Pediatric Obesity Weight Evaluation Registry (POWER). Data obtained at a first clinical visit for youth aged 3–17 years were evaluated to: (1) assess prevalence of BP above the normal range (high BP); and (2) identify characteristics associated with having high BP status. Weight status was evaluated using percentage of the 95th percentile for body mass index (%BMIp95); %BMIp95 was used to group youth by obesity class (class 1, 100% to < 120% %BMIp95; class 2, 120% to < 140% %BMIp95; class 3, ≥140% %BMIp95; class 2 and class 3 are considered severe obesity). Logistic regression evaluated associations with high BP. Data of 7943 patients were analyzed. Patients were: mean 11.7 (SD 3.3) years; 54% female; 19% Black non‐Hispanic, 32% Hispanic, 39% White non‐Hispanic; mean %BMIp95 137% (SD 25). Overall, 48.9% had high BP at the baseline visit, including 60.0% of youth with class 3 obesity, 45.9% with class 2 obesity, and 37.7% with class 1 obesity. Having high BP was positively associated with severe obesity, older age (15–17 years), and being male. Nearly half of treatment‐seeking youth with obesity presented for PWM care with high BP making assessment and management of BP a key area of focus for PWM programs.
Adenosine/adenosine type 1 receptor signaling pathway did not play dominant roles on the influence of sodium–glucose cotransporter 2 inhibitor in the kidney of bovine serum albumin‐overloaded streptozotocin‐induced diabetic mice
Authors: Shimada Keiji , Kanasaki Keizo , Kato Makoto , Ogura Yoshio , Takagaki Yuta , Monno Itaru , Hirai Taro , Kitada Munehiro , Koya Daisuke
Published: January 2022

Aims/Introduction

Sodium–glucose cotransporter 2 inhibitors (SGLT2i) have been shown to display excellent renoprotective effects in diabetic kidney disease with macroalbuminuria/proteinuria. Regarding the renoprotective mechanism of SGLT2i, a sophisticated hypothesis was made by explaining the suppression of glomerular hypertension/hyperfiltration through the adenosine/adenosine type 1 receptor (A1R) signaling‐mediated restoration of the tubuloglomerular feedback mechanism; however, how such A1R signaling is relevant for renoprotection by SGLT2i in diabetic kidney disease with proteinuria has not been elucidated.

Materials and Methods

Streptozotocin‐induced diabetic CD‐1 mice were injected with bovine serum albumin (BSA) and treated with SGLT2i in the presence/absence of A1R inhibitor administration.

Results

We found that the influences of SGLT2i are essentially independent of the activation of A1R signaling in the kidney of BSA‐overloaded streptozotocin‐induced diabetic mice. BSA‐overloaded diabetic mice showed the trend of kidney damage with higher glomerular filtration rate (GFR) and the significant induction of fibrogenic genes, such as transforming growth factor‐β2 and collagen type III. SGLT2i TA‐1887 suppressed diabetes‐induced GFR in BSA‐overloaded diabetic mice was associated with the significant suppression of transforming growth factor‐β2 and collagen type III; A1R‐specific inhibitor 8‐cyclopentyl‐1,3‐dipropylxanthine did not cancel the effects of TA‐1887 on either GFR or associated gene levels. Both TA‐1887 and 8‐cyclopentyl‐1,3‐dipropylxanthine‐treated BSA‐overloaded diabetic mice showed suppressed glycated hemoglobin levels associated with the increased food intake. When analyzing the association among histological evaluation, GFR and potential fibrogenic gene levels, each group of mice showed distinct correlation patterns.

Conclusions

A1R signaling activation was not the dominant mechanism on the influence of SGLT2i in the kidney of BSA‐overloaded diabetic mice.
Identification of three clinical neurofibromatosis 1 subtypes: Latent class analysis of a series of 1351 patients
Authors: Bergqvist C. , Fertitta L. , Ezzedine K. , Jannic A. , Zehou O. , Ferkal S. , Combemale P. , Barbarot S. , Mazereeuw‐Hautier J. , Sbidian E. , Wolkenstein P. ,   NF France
Published: January 2022

Background

Neurofibromatosis 1 (NF1) is one of the most common inherited disorders characterized by mutations in the tumour suppressor gene NF1. Its clinical manifestations are highly variable and unpredictable. A specific NF1 mutation does not predict the severity or complications of the disease.

Objective

The objective of this study was to build an empirical classification scheme without any a priori hypotheses to identify the underlying NF1 subtypes that best explain the observed heterogeneity.

Methods

We performed latent class analysis (LCA) of 1351 consecutive NF1 patients aged >17 years seen between 2002 and 2014. Data and phenotypic features were collected prospectively on a standardized form.

Results

The median age was 36.8 (17–81) years. A three‐class model showed the best fit: 706 (52%) belonged to the LC1 ‘Cutaneous neurofibromas’ class having preferentially cutaneous neurofibromas (99%), plexiform neurofibromas (63%) and blue‐red macules (29%); 593 (44%) belonged to the LC2 ‘Subcutaneous neurofibromas’ class characterized by the presence of at least 10 subcutaneous neurofibromas (21%) and a familial form (77%) and 52 (4%) belonged to the LC3 ‘Dysmorphic phenotype’ class characterized by dysmorphic features (78%) and learning difficulties (87%). Patients in LC1 had a higher likelihood of developing scoliosis (RR = 1.7, 95% confidence interval (CI) [1.2–2.4]). Patients in LC2 were more likely to be men (RR = 1.4, 95% CI [1.1–1.7]). Patients in LC3 were at higher risk of having an optic pathway glioma (RR = 4.8, 95% CI [1.9–11.8]) and epilepsy (RR = 4.5, 95% CI [1.8–11.6]).

Conclusion

Our findings invite the performance of a larger cohort study to test whether the various latent classes reflect different underlying genetic modifiers of these phenotypic traits.
Ridge gourd volatiles are attractive to gravid female melon fly, Zeugodacus cucurbitae (Coquillett) (Diptera: Tephritidae)
Authors: Shivaramu Subhash , Parepally Saravan Kumar , Chakravarthy Akshay Kumar , Pagadala Damodaram Kamala Jayanthi , Kempraj Vivek
Published: January 2022

The melon fruit fly, Zeugodacus cucurbitae (Coquillett) (Diptera: Tephritidae), is an important pest of cucurbits throughout India, South‐East Asia and Pacific islands. Attractants of female melon fly are of relevance as they could enhance the efficacy of current pest management practices. Previous studies have revealed several host fruits to be attractive to gravid female melon flies. However, studies on the chemical compounds responsible for their attraction are meagre. As an initial part of our study, we evaluated the response of gravid female melon flies to headspace volatiles of four different cucurbit fruits, namely bitter gourd, cucumber, ridge gourd and snake gourd. Electrophysiological and multiple‐choice olfactometer assays revealed that gravid melon flies significantly preferred ridge gourd volatiles over volatiles of other cucurbit fruits. Coupled gas chromatography‐electroantennogram detection (GC‐EAG) analysis of headspace volatiles of ridge gourd to gravid melon flies identified six EAG‐active compounds, namely α‐pinene, 1‐octen‐3‐ol, p‐cymene, p‐ethyl‐benzaldehyde, methyl salicylate and p‐cymen‐7‐ol. Individual EAG‐active compounds, except α‐pinene, were significantly attractive to gravid female flies. Moreover, a synthetic blend with the concentration and ratio of compounds as in the ridge gourd headspace samples was attractive to flies. Though, in a dual‐choice test, the preference of gravid melon flies to a synthetic blend was not significantly different from preference to ridge gourd volatile samples. Taken together, our results show that the synthetic blend of ridge gourd volatiles may be used to develop a potential lure for female melon fly, Z. cucurbitae.
Molecular analyses in wheat and Aegilops tauschii reveal a new orthologue of the leaf rust resistance gene Lr19 on chromosome 7DL of Ae. tauschii
Authors: Pourkhorshid Zahra , Dadkhodaie Ali , Shamloo‐Dashtpagerdi Roohollah
Published: January 2022

Leaf rust is one of the most devastating wheat diseases worldwide, to which many resistance genes have been successfully introgressed from wheat wild relatives. Though the Thinopyrum ponticum‐derived leaf rust resistance gene Lr19 is widely effective, and previous studies have shown its likely presence in Aegilops tauschii, no thorough investigation has been conducted to confirm this. The current study examined the presence of Lr19 in Ae. tauschii using molecular and bioinformatic analyses. Accordingly, the wheat cultivar Thatcher was used as a susceptible control, and the Lr19‐carrying genotypes; Thatcher + Lr19 (TcLr19) and Agatha were used as resistant controls. Phenotyping using pathotype CDHLQ accompanied with genotyping using two DNA markers verified previous results of the likely presence of an orthologue for Lr19 on chromosome 7DL of Ae. tauschii (AtLr19). Sequencing of the STS GB marker products from Ae. tauschii and TcLr19 showed 99% homology between the corresponding fragments, confirming the phenotyping and genotyping results. Both sequenced fragments matched to the melatonin biosynthesis gene, O‐methyltransferase‐2 (OMT2). A hierarchical gene network was reconstructed using all identified putative genes within a genomic region containing 2.5 cM upstream and downstream of OMT2. Results indicated that numerous important biotic stress‐responsive genes such as RPM1, RGA2, TRIUR3, BURP12 and myosin‐11, were located downstream of melatonin as a master regulator molecule through the OMT2 node. To our knowledge, this is the first report of the identification of an orthologue for Lr19 in Ae. tauschii, which provides insights into the possible regulatory route of this gene.
How social rejection expectations and depressive symptoms bi‐directionally predict each other – A cross‐lagged panel analysis
Authors: Kirchner Lukas , Schummer Steffen Erik , Krug Henning , Kube Tobias , Rief Winfried
Published: January 2022

Background

Although research suggests that social rejection expectations play a crucial role in the development and maintenance of depressive symptoms, it is not clear whether such expectations are a risk factor for depression or rather a consequence thereof. The present study addressed this issue by investigating the time‐lagged bi‐directional effects of social rejection expectations and depressive symptoms.

Methods

In an online survey, participants (N = 347) completed measures of social rejection expectations, depressive symptoms, interpersonal competencies, and perceived social support at baseline and 2 months later. The relationships between the variables were examined using path models and cross‐lagged path analyses.

Results

Cross‐lagged path analyses provided evidence for a substantial positive effect of social rejection expectations at baseline on depressive symptoms at follow‐up in addition to the reverse effect. A mediator analysis indicated that neither interpersonal competencies nor perceived social support mediated these bi‐directional effects.

Conclusion

The current results demonstrate that social rejection expectations and depressive symptoms bi‐directionally predict each other. Thus, social rejection expectations appears to be both a risk factor for – and a symptom of – depression. In order to prevent a vicious circle of social rejection expectations and depressive symptoms, we recommend the early detection and treatment of social rejection expectations. Moreover, social rejection expectations should be specifically addressed in cognitive‐behavioural treatment of depression.
Should suppliers allow capacity transfers?
Authors: Khanjari Neda , Duenyas Izak , Iravani Seyed M.R.
Published: January 2022

This research considers situations in which buyers pay to reserve their suppliers' capacity for future use. The study specifically explores whether suppliers should provide transfer rights, allowing buyers unable to use all of their reserved capacity to transfer the excess to another buyer, and whether they should charge a transfer fee. The study finds that, in most cases, the supplier maximizes financial outcomes when the buyer releasing the excess capacity keeps most of the retail‐level profit from the transfer and the supplier does not charge a transfer fee.
Key aspects of domestic cat spermatogenesis
Authors: Gobello Cristina
Published: January 2022

In mammals, spermatogenesis is a complex and cyclic process in which a spermatogonia turns into a highly differentiated cell: the spermatozoa. Spermatogenesis comprises proliferation of spermatogonia (spermatocytogenesis), meiosis of spermatocytes and finally differentiation of spermatids into spermatozoa (spermiogenesis). This review summarizes the current knowledge on domestic cat spermatogenesis including its physiology, development, efficiency and pathologies as well as their novel non‐invasive diagnostic methods. This information will provide a resource for further studies to achieve precise fundamental knowledge of key aspects that will facilitate breeding, management and contraception in this popular species.
Where and why do we lose women from the continuum of care in maternal health? A mixed‐methods study in Southern Benin
Authors: Gryseels Charlotte , Dossou Jean‐Paul , Vigan Armelle , Boyi Hounsou Christelle , Kanhonou Lydie , Benova Lenka , Delvaux Thérèse
Published: January 2022

Objective

Continuum of care (CoC) in maternal health is built on evidence suggesting that the integration of effective interventions across pregnancy, childbirth, and the postnatal period leads to better perinatal health outcomes. We explored gaps along the CoC in maternal health in Benin.

Methods

A mixed‐methods study triangulating results from a qualitative study in southern Benin with a quantitative analysis of Benin Demographic and Health Survey (BDHS) data on the use of services along the CoC was conducted.

Results

Benin Demographic and Health Survey analysis showed that although 89% of women reported at least one antenatal care (ANC) visit, only half initiated ANC in the first trimester and completed 4 or more visits. 85% reported facility‐based childbirth and 69% a postnatal check within 48 h after childbirth. Our qualitative study confirms early initiation of ANC and the transition from facility‐based childbirth to postnatal care are important gaps along the CoC and reveals late arrival at health facility for childbirth as an additional gap. These gaps interact with spiritual and alternative care practices that aim to safeguard pregnancy and prevent complications. Structural factors related to poverty and disrespectful care in health facilities compounded to limit the utilisation of formal healthcare.

Conclusions

The combined use of BDHS and qualitative data contributed to highlighting critical gaps along the maternal CoC. A lack of integration of spiritual or alternative aspects of care into biomedical services, as well as structural factors, impeded access to healthcare in Benin.
The timing of gamma irradiation and its effect on cell‐free and microvesicle‐bound hemoglobin. The BEST collaborative study
Authors: William Nishaka , Bicahlo Beatriz , Hansen Adele , de Korte Dirk , Acker Jason P. ,   Biomedical Excellence for Safer Transfusion (BEST) Collaborative
Published: January 2022

Background

Gamma irradiation of red cell concentrates (RCCs) is regularly used to prevent transfusion‐associated graft‐versus‐host disease (TA‐GvHD) in at‐risk patients. While studies have indicated that irradiated RCCs exhibit increased hemolysis, there have been no efforts to differentiate between free‐ and microvesicle (MV)‐bound hemoglobin (Hb). As an increase in the proportion of free‐Hb in irradiated RCCs could alter vascular function, we sought to characterize differences in the state of extracellular Hb based on the timing of irradiation.

Study Design and Methods

Four separate pools of seven CPD/SAGM leukoreduced RCCs were produced and split into four sets of seven identical units. The units from each set were subject to irradiation (25 Gy) at six different points during storage, with one unit serving as a nonirradiated control. All testing was performed immediately following unit expiry on day 43.

Results

The earlier in storage that units were irradiated, the higher the hemolysis and the lower the proportion of MV‐bound Hb. Units irradiated earlier in storage (1–8 days post collection) additionally had lower membrane rigidity (KEI), lower mean corpuscular Hb concentrations (MCHC), and higher mean corpuscular fragility (MCF). Morphology indices, mean cell volume (MCV), mean corpuscular Hb (MCH), phosphatidylserine (PS) expression, as well as MV production and size did not however differ significantly between groups based on the timing of irradiation.

Conclusions

Our findings indicate that irradiation timing can alter the state of extracellular Hb, with “early” irradiation promoting an increased proportion of cell‐free Hb as well as mechanical damage to the RBC membrane.
The novel c.634+4A>G splicing variant inRHCEresults in weak C and e antigen expression in a pregnant woman originated from Japan
Authors: Restivo Cynthia , Le Bras Myriam , Deguigne Pierre‐Antoine , Le Glatin Laurence , Guerry Christine , Férec Claude , Le Maréchal Cédric , Beloeil Rémi , Fichou Yann
Published: January 2022

Background

In theRHblood group genes, molecular variants that alter antigen expression with potential clinical relevance are frequently identified and reported in the literature.

Study Design and Methods

A pregnant woman in her first pregnancy, who originates from Japan, was typed by routine serological testing. TheRHCEgene was investigated to identify single nucleotide variants (SNVs) and/or structural variants by a commercial platform, Sanger sequencing, and quantitative multiplex PCR of short fluorescent fragments. The haplotypes were determined by sequencing PCR fragments generated from genomic DNA and subcloned into a plasmid vector. Effect on splicing was predicted by bioinformatics tools, including SpliceAI and the splicing module of Alamut. In parallel, functional analysis was carried out by a minigene splicing assay.

Results

A patient with no transfusion history was typed RH:1,2w,3,4,5w. An unreported single variant was identified inRHCEintron 4 at the heterozygous state: c.634+4A>G. Minigene splicing assay showed that this SNV decreases significantly the relative abundance of the full‐length transcript, in accordance with the predictions made by the Alamut tools, but not SpliceAI, suggesting expression of a normal RhCE protein.

Conclusion

Overall, the novelRHCE*02(c.634+4A>G)allele alters quantitatively, but not qualitatively, the expression of C and e in the RH blood group system, indicating that the patient is not at risk for alloimmunization and may safely receive C+e+ red blood cell units. This report illustrates the relevance of functional assays for the interpretation of rare variants and, specifically, how it may help guide transfusion management in patients.
The Pathomechanism of Spondylolytic Spondylolisthesis in Pediatric Lumbar Spines: In Vitro and Finite Element Assessments
Authors: Konz Regina J. , Goel Vijay K. , Grobler Leon J. , Grosland Nicole M. , Spratt Kevin F. , Scifert Jeffrey L. , Sairyo Koichi
Published: January 2022

Experimentally, it was determined that the weakest link for A-P shear force in the immature baboon lumbar spine with pars interarticularis defects was between the growth-plate and osseous end-plate, even with an injured disc. Immature baboon finite element models (FEM) as well as an immature human FEM were developed. Numerical results predicted that a thin pars will increase stresses at the pars, eventually leading to a pars defect. Furthermore, a fracture in the pars interarticularis results in substantially greater loads being carried by the growth-plates. Upon combination of the experimental and numerical aspects of this study, it is possible to predict the A-P shear force needed for spondylolisthesis to occur.
Measurement of Cartilage Fluid Pressurization in Confined Compression Cyclical Loading
Authors: Soltz Michael A. , Ateshian Gerard A.
Published: January 2022

In recent studies (Oloyede and Broom, 1991; Soltz and Ateshian, 1997, 1998) it has been demonstrated from experiment and theory that compressive stresses applied across the surface of articular cartilage are supported primarily by the hydrostatic pressurization of the interstitial fluid, under configurations of confined compression creep and stress-relaxation. This pressurization is sustained for several hundred seconds before it eventually subsides, suggesting a major role for interstitial fluid in protecting the solid collagen-protcoglycan matrix from excessive stresses. In the present study, cartilage fluid pressurization is investigated experimentally and theoretically under sinusoidal loading, since the mechanical environment of articular cartilage during daily living is often cyclical in nature. Investigators have demonstrated that this cyclical loading may cause a biosynthetic response of chondrocytes within the tissue, depending on the frequency and amplitude of the applied stresses or strains (e.g. Gray et al., 1988; Hall et al., 1991; Kim et al., 1995; Parkikinen et al., 1992; Sah et al., 1989). A theoretical solution for cyclical loading in confined compression has been obtained previously (Suh et al., 1995) using the biphasic theory (Mow et al., 1980) and this solution is employed here.
Effect of Pulsatile Flow on Monocytic Cell Adhesion to E-Selectin Coated Surfaces of a Three-Dimensional Perfusion Model
Authors: Hinds Monica Thacker , Jones Steven A. , Alevriadou B. Rita , Giddens Don P.
Published: January 2022

We report on effects of pulsatile flow on monocytic cell adhesion to the surface of a model in which flow characteristics thought to be important in atherogenesis are simulated. The surface was coated with E-selectin, and adhesion of activated monocytes was investigated under pulsatile flow conditions and compared with uncoated models and steady flow experiments. Coating the model with E-selectin increased the adhesion of cells in all regions in the vertical model. However, pulsatile flow with the same mean Reynolds number as for steady flow significantly reduced the number of adherent cells throughout the model.
Contraction Kinetics of Cell-Seeded Collagen Gels: Effects of Cell-Seeding Density
Authors: Awad Hani , Wu Ying , Butler David , Boivin Gregory
Published: January 2022

Advances in our knowledge and experience with mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) and their potential use in repair and regeneration of skeletal tissue, such as tendon [1,7], cartilage [6] and bone [3], makes this multipotential cell an attractive choice for such transplantation therapies. Our search for appropriate cell-delivery scaffolds, however, continues. We have utilized collagen to construct cell-seeded implants for tendon repair because collagen is the most abundant protein in these tissues.
3-D Joint Reaction Forces at the Glenohumeral Joint During Active Motion
Authors: Apreleva Maria , Parsons I. M. , Pfaeffle Jamie , Manson Theodore T. , Fu Freddie H. , Warner Jon J. P. , Woo Savio L.-Y.
Published: January 2022

Previous studies, using imaging techniques[4] and mathematical models, have predicted that loads up to 90% of body weight are transmitted across the glenohumeral (GH) joint at 90° of abduction[2, 3]. However, in comparison to weight-bearing joints like the hip and knee, there is little quantitative data describing 3-D reaction forces generated at the GH joint during active motion. This information is important to our understanding of GH joint function in both normal and pathological conditions. It can also provide an experimental validation for computational models of the GH joint.
Dynamic Motion Analysis of Human Coronary Artery Vein Grafts In-Vivo
Authors: Vorp David A. , Mears Jon R. , Zacky Oscar , Doriot P.-A. , Dorsaz P.-A. , Dorsaz L.
Published: January 2022

It has previously been shown that the coronary arteries undergo cyclic flexure, stretching and twisting due to their attachment to the beating heart [3,7,10]. We hypothesize that vein grafts to the coronary arteries also undergo such cyclic motion. Characterizing the heart-induced deformation of coronary artery vein grafts (CAVG) is important in order to study its possible role in their pathogenesis.
Finite Element Analysis of a Swan-Ganz® Catheter Balloon Interacting With the Pulmonary Artery
Authors: Oh Seik , Dove Jeffrey
Published: January 2022

A Nonlinear finite element method was employed to analyze the inflation of a Swan-Ganz® catheter balloon and subsequent interaction of the balloon with the pulmonary artery. Inflation of balloon in-vitro was performed and the experimental results compared with the numerical analysis to verify the computer simulation. Interaction between the inflated balloon and the pulmonary artery was also simulated to determine the effects of the interaction on both balloon and the arterial wall. Material properties of the balloon were derived from experimental data. Size and properties of the pulmonary artery were varied to account for the variations of the location in the pulmonary artery where the balloon is positioned and the physiologic condition of the patients pulmonary vasculature.
Measuring the “True” Pressure Field Near the Inflow Region of Heart Valve Prostheses
Authors: Halili R. B. , Gross J. M. , Shu C. S.
Published: January 2022

The purpose of this study was to obtain accurate measurements of the pressure transients caused by the closing of mechanical and bioprosthetic heart valves. In previous studies, close proximity pressure measurements of mechanical valve closure have been taken at the theoretical point at which the maximum pressure gradient occurs. However, this point may vary slightly depending on the particular valve and its orientation in a pulsatile flow loop. By taking pressure tracings at multiple points and then interpolating the flow field, a more accurate characterization of the pressure distribution near the valve inflow surface can be obtained. This information can then be used in FEA and CFD analysis of the valve and its performance, respectively.
The Effect of Bileaflet Prosthetic Heart Valve Orifice Area on Differences in Distal Flow Characteristics
Authors: Travis Brandon R. , Ellis Jeffrey T. , Saxena Rahul , Yoganathan Ajit P.
Published: January 2022

One objective in the design of a mechanical prosthetic heart valve is to maximize the orifice area of the valve. Increasing this parameter decreases the resistance to flow imposed by the valve, minimizing the valvular workload on the heart. Changes in valve design which increase the orifice area may also alter the local flow field, which influences the likelihood of thrombosis related events. Stagnation zones near prosthetic heart valves have been correlated with thrombus deposition (Yoganathan et al, 1979). Blood platelets exposed to turbulent shear stresses above 300 dynes/cm2 for over 100 ms become activated, and can initiate thrombus formation (Wurzinger et al, 1985). The purpose of this work was to study the differences in the flow fields just distal to bileaflet valves of different orifice areas, while concentrating on areas of high turbulent shear stress and flow stagnation.
Three-Dimensional Cardiac Models With Fluid-Structure Interaction: Application of the Immersed Boundary Method at Physiologic Reynolds Numbers
Authors: Lemmon Jack D. , Yoganathan Ajit P.
Published: January 2022

The goal of the current study was to develop a computational method that provides blood-tissue interaction under physiologic Reynolds numbers, which required a modest amount of computational resources. To accomplish this goal, the Immersed Boundary Method was used to provide blood-tissue interaction in response to fluid forces and changes in tissue pathophysiology. The fluid conservation equations were solved by Patankar’s Semi-Implicit Method for Pressure Linked Equations (SIMPLE) to provide solution stability. These methods were applied to two thin-walled, truncated ellipsoid models that contracted over a 100 msec period, with only the orifice area differing (ratio of 2:1). By combining the two methods, the simulations were performed at physiologic Reynolds numbers, and required only 24 Mb of memory. In addition, the results predicted the expected behavior of the smaller annulus model requiring a higher ejection pressure and ejecting less volume for the same input function for controlling fiber contraction.
An Experimental Investigation of Interaction of Airflow With a Viscoelastic Layer
Authors: Evrensel Cahit A. , Hassan Amgad A. , Krumpe Peter E.
Published: January 2022

The respiratory tract of mammals is lined with a layer of mucus, described as a viscoelastic semi-solid, above a layer of watery serous layer. For a healthy person, rhythmic beating action of cilia propels the mucus layer continually. Dehydration results in the disappearance of serous layer and impairs the mucociliary clearance. These persons must relay on the two-phase gas-liquid flow and cough as the clearance mechanism. In this study, the interaction of airflow with a mucus simulant in a channel is investigated experimentally. Locust Bean Gum and Borax dissolved in deionized water is used as the mucus simulant. Two types of instability mechanisms are observed. The first is the propagating waves that appear at relatively low air speed and the catastrophic clearance that resembles an avalanche. The results show that onset flow speeds for both instabilities are sensitive to the layer thickness and decrease with the increasing thickness. Onset for the clearance does not seem to be sensitive to the viscoelastic properties of the mucus simulant.
Intracellular Transport Route of Albumin in Cultured Aortic Endothelial Cells
Authors: Ikezawa Kenji , Ueno Kazuki , Ikeda Mariko , Oka Kotaro , Tanishita Kazuo
Published: January 2022

Effects of colchicine on intracellular albumin transport in aortic endothelial cells have been shown as a reduction of the endocytic activity (Liu et al., 1993) and albumin transcytosis (Antohe et al., 1993). Since microtubules are possibly involved in the movement of vesicles, it is important to understand that microtubules are associated with albumin transport within cells. In our in vitro study, the organization of endocytic compartments were analyzed after internalization of fluorescent-labeled albumin in cultured porcine aortic endothelial cells. We found that microtubules were not only involved in a later step but also early step of endocytosis (containing internalization).
Probability Density of the Rolling Velocity of the Cell
Authors: Skierczynski Boguslaw A.
Published: January 2022

Rolling of the cell under flow conditions is an important process in PMN emigration. It is a finely regulated process involving membrane receptors and cell-matrix recognition. Several models have been proposed to explain how the strength and lifetime of the bonds in receptor-mediated cell-substratum are related to cell rolling velocity (Hammer, 1992, Tozeren, 1992, Zhao, 1995). The paper presents a simple model of the cell rolling based on the experimental measurements that will allow to gain information relevant to the molecular processes underlying the rolling motion of the cell.
Development of a Biomechanically Analogous Cervical Spine Physical Model
Authors: Kumaresan Srirangam , Khouphongsy Phouvadol , Stemper Brian , Daruwala Darius , Cheng Joseph , Pintar Frank A. , Yoganandan Narayan , Maiman Dennis J. , Bray Thomas
Published: January 2022

Physical models of the human cervical spine vertebrae (C3 to C7) were developed based on the geometrical details obtained from 1.0 mm close-up axial computed tomography scans. The vertebrae were constructed using the rapid prototyping technique. Polyurethane rigid foam, pottery plaster and hydrocal white gypsum cement materials with varying strength combinations were used to construct the models. Biomechanical strength tests were conducted on a total of sixty physical vertebral model specimens by compressing to 50% of their initial height using an electrohydraulic testing machine. The stiffness, energy absorbed at failure, force-deflection and stress-strain responses were computed and compared with cadaver experimental data. The mean compressive force sustained by pottery and hydrocal materials compared well with the cadaver experimental data, while the Polyurethane exhibited lower forces.
Sensitivity of Impact Response to Model Parameters: A Multibody Modeling Study of the Human Lower Limb
Authors: Hall Gregory W. , Crandall Jeff R. , Pilkey Walter D.
Published: January 2022

Multibody modeling is used in the analysis of lower extremity response to plantar impact. The current model, based on cadaveric and volunteer studies, simulates both the external leg kinematics and the internal loading within the ligaments and bones. To help direct future development of the multibody human leg model and to improve understanding of the interactions within the leg, the sensitivity of the leg impact response to heel damping, knee stiffness, knee damping, and simulated bracing were investigated. The results indicate that properties of the heel fat pad have the largest affect on peak tibia compression values and that the stiffness of structures further away from the location of impact have less significance.
Energy Conserving Impact Algorithm for Gait Simulation With Persistent Contact
Authors: Kaplan Matthew L. , Hovey Chad B. , Heegaard Jean H.
Published: January 2022

Substantial ground reaction forces exceeding body weight occur at heel strike. These impulsive loadings are believed to be important etiological factors in joint degenerative processes (Radin et al., 1991). Modelling of the gait cycle and the associated joint mechanics therefore requires an accurate approach to the heel strike impact problem.
How Is the Lumbar Spine Stabilized in Compression? Model Studies on Effect of Various Loading Configurations
Authors: Shirazi-Adl A. , Parnianpour M.
Published: January 2022

The passive human lumbar spine exhibits instability (ie, hypermobility) under compression loads of less than 100N [1,2] which is only a small fraction of loads experienced during various recreational/occupational daily activities. The issue of the spinal stability under compression loads has been the focus of a number of studies [3–7]. The observation of changes in the posture (ie, pelvic tilt, lordosis) during loading/micro-gravity and in low-back population along with that of negligible muscle activities in erect postures with/without loads in hands suggest that the spinal posture is so adjusted as to stabilise the passive system with minimal muscle activation. In search of such plausible mechanisms, this work investigates the effect of alterations in load configurations and lumbar lordosis on the equilibrium/stability of the lumbar spine in moderate/large axial loads. Using a detailed nonlinear finite element model of the lumbar spine, the influence of sagittal/lateral moments on the equilibrium response in axial compression up to 2800N applied at the @L1 alone or distributed among lumbar vertebrae is studied for different lumbar curvatures. The effects of the application of the compression as a follower load on the L1 alone or L1-L5 vertebrae and a novel wrapping compression load that passes through the vertebral centres on the equilibrium/stability response is subsequently investigated using a simplified nonlinear beam model of the lumbar spine.
Analysis of the Lumbar Spine in Heavy Liftings: Slight Flattening in Lordosis Decreases Risk of Tissue Injury
Authors: Shirazi-Adl A. , Parnianpour M.
Published: January 2022

During various recreational/occupational daily activities, the sagittal curvature of the human lumbar spine (ie, lordosis) changes, influencing mechanics of the entire human spine. It affects the distribution of gravity/external loads among passive and active systems thus altering the load transmission in the structure. Due to the well-recognised role of lifting in industrial low-back injuries, the lumbar posture has attracted attention in a search for the safest lifting methods. Attempts to recommend optimal lifting techniques have not yielded satisfactory results due to many controversies surrounding the issue and lack of reliable models/measurements. Although the squat lift (whenever possible) is generally considered as a safer lift than the stoop lift in bringing the load closer to the body, the advantages in maintaining lordosis during lifting tasks, in general, is less understood. Such changes impose different external loads and internal strains/stresses in the lumbar spine tissues and as such influence the risk of injury and low-back pain. In a recent study, Cholewicki and McGill [1] observed that the experienced power lifters performed their lifts with relatively small lumbar flexion angles, much smaller than their respective maximum values during voluntary forward bending. The current study aims to investigate the detailed response of the entire lumbar spine (eg, tissue stresses) under large compression loads while the posture is altered, ie, the initial lordosis of ∼46° flattens by up to 38° (ie, flexion) or increases by up to 15° (ie, extension).