bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
VIOLÊNCIA, RESSENTIMENTO E COMPREENSÃO NAS MEMÓRIAS DE GRACILIANO RAMOS
Authors: Ribeiro Gustavo Silveira
Published: July 2015

Este trabalho apresenta uma interpretação de  Infância, de Graciliano Ramos, tendo como centro o debate ético que atravessa a obra. Considerado pessimista pela crítica, o texto foi lido quase sempre a partir das mesmas questões: violência, medo, ressentimento. Realizando movimento contrário, procurei expor a tese de que predomina no livro uma visão menos negativa do homem e do mundo.
ARTAUD LE MOMA, DE JACQUES DERRIDA
Authors: Lage André Silveira
Published: July 2015

A partir da conferência de Jacques Derrida, intitulada Artaud le Moma (1996), este texto pretende abordar a relação entre o tema do nome, do apelido de Artaud (“Artaud le Mômo” e suas diversas significações) e a temática do museu, da exposição das obras de Antonin Artaud no Museum of Modern Art de New York.
DE UMA CERTA “CONSCIÊNCIA TRADUZANTE”... TRADUÇÃO/DESCONSTRUÇÃO – ENTRE BENJAMIN E DERRIDA
Authors: Souza Nabil Araújo
Published: July 2015

Este texto parte de uma determinada discrepância tradutória entre as versões brasileiras de “Die Aufgabe des Übersetzers”, de Walter Benjamin, explora, na sequência, a leitura/tradução desse ensaio feita por Derrida em “Des tours de Babel”, desembocando numa reflexão a colocar em jogo o próprio estatuto presumido da desconstrução.
A CRIANÇA ESTRANGEIRA: UMA ANÁLISE DE BOITEMPO
Authors: Malta Nascimento Josyane Malta
Published: July 2015

Este trabalho dedica-se a uma reflexão sobre a hospitalidade a partir do pensamento de Jacques Derrida e das memórias de infância do poeta Carlos Drummond de Andrade, especialmente em sua obra poética  Boitempo. Pretende-se refletir com poemas dessa obra a relação entre a criança e o adulto como categorias de hóspede e hospedeiro.
UMA REFLEXÃO CRÍTICA ACERCA DO INTERCULTURALISMO
Authors: Coelho Gislene Teixeira
Published: July 2015

Este trabalho propõe desenvolver um pensamento crítico em torno das relações entre as nações, movimento marcado ainda na contemporaneidade por uma situação de dependência e inferiorização dos países periféricos pelos centros de poder. Articula-se em torno de uma nova teorização (inter-) que supra as falhas e fraturas do projeto multicultural, de modo que o interculturalismo propicie o enfraquecimento das relações de poder  a favor de um posicionamento mais solidário. Para tanto, corroboram diversas vozes críticas que têm se dedicado a pensar essas relações conflituosas como resquícios do período colonial, revisando a herança etnocêntrica e propondo modelos culturais alternativos.
RETÓRICA DA AGUDEZA NUM SONETO DE D. FRANCISCO MANUEL DE MELO
Authors: Saltarelli Thiago César Viana Lopes
Published: July 2015

A partir da consulta aos principais tratados de retórica e de poética do século 17, buscase uma definição da  agudeza, um dos elementos mais significativos da poética seiscentista, e dá-se um exemplo de seu emprego num soneto de D. Francisco Manuel de Melo.
SIN AND CRIME AS METAPHORS FOR THE REPRESENTATION OF EVIL IN YEATS’S THE COUNTESS CATHLEEN AND PURGATORY
Authors: Viana Maria Rita Drumond
Published: July 2015

This article analyzes the representation  of evil in two plays by W. B. Yeats:  The countess Cathleen (1892) and Purgatory (1939). Despite revealing different styles, the plays represent a concern with the nature of evil, salvation and damnation of the soul, and the individual’s power against the forces of history.
O PODER E A GLÓRIA DE EMILY DICKINSON
Authors: Mourão Fernanda
Published: July 2015

Com base nas teorias de Walter Benjamin  e Maurice Blanchot, este trabalho procura pensar a obra de Emily Dickinson pelo viés da publicação e da fama da figura do autor a partir da experiência de leitura, tradução e apresentação, ao final do texto, de dez poemas da escritora que trazem à tona justamente essas questões
A PERFORMANCE DE GÊNERO EM THE PROFESSOR: UMA REVERSÃO DE EXPECTATIVAS
Authors: Rocha Patricia Carvalho
Published: July 2015

Charlotte Brontë (1816-1855) evidencia em The professor a arbitrariedade atrelada ao conceito de gênero no século 19 por meio de personagens dissonantes com a ideologia do período, questionando explicitamente o paralelismo entre sexo e gênero e a crença em uma suposta essência do feminino capaz de justificar uma postura submissa da mulher.
CORPO NEGRO: ENTRE A HISTÓRIA E A FICÇÃO. O CASO DE ROSA MARIA EGIPCÍACA DA VERA CRUZ
Authors: Guimarães Rosely Santos
Published: July 2015

Este trabalho realiza uma incursão nas áreas da história, antropologia e literatura visando a uma abordagem interdisciplinar utilizando-se de dois livros: Rosa Egipcíaca:Uma Santa Africana no Brasil, nos permite analisar a figura feminina da escrava Rosa Egipcíaca no período da história do Brasil-Colônia; e Rosa Maria Egipcíaca da Vera Cruz: a incrível trajetória de uma princesa negra entre a prostituição e a santidade, a partir do qual a personagem é focalizada na ficção.
BRUNO DE MENEZES E O MODERNISMO NO PARÁ
Authors: Pacheco Terezinha De Jesus Dias
Published: July 2015

A necessidade de inserir a literatura local paraense no contexto modernista nacional levou Bruno de Menezes a promover vários debates sobre a renovação literária no Pará. Sua inquietação contagiou alguns intelectuais nativos que produziram obras que dialogaram com a corrente modernista brasileira. Nessa esteira, os modernistas paulistas vieram apenas trocar experiências literárias na Amazônia.
DOM CASMURRO: O TEXTO QUE ME ESCREVE
Authors: Martins Geraldo Majela
Published: July 2015

O romance Dom Casmurro é tratado a partir dos significantes: tempo, infância, amor, desejo do Outro, mulher-Capitu, lacuna, resto. Freud, Lacan e Shakespeare estão presentes como operadores de leitura.
MACHADO DE ASSIS: CRÍTICO E TEÓRICO DO TRADUZIR, POR SUBTRAÇÃO?
Authors: Ferreira Eliane Fernanda Cunha
Published: July 2015

O papel da tradução stricto e lato sensu na carreira literária de Machado de Assis e na formação da identidade cultural da nação brasileira, ambos contribuindo para a historiografia literária, para os estudos comparativistas e para os Estudos de Tradução.
ENCONTRANDO PARAÍSO PERDIDO NUMA CONVERSAÇÃO PÓS-COLONIAL
Authors: Sá Luiz Fernando Ferreira
Published: July 2015

Ao usar o circuito pós-colonial de teoria e de prática textual de Edward Said, Gayatri Spivak e Homi Bhabha este ensaio introduz a possibilidade de uma des-leitura contrapontista de um texto de Milton: Paraíso Perdido poderá finalmente libertar-se de seu conteúdo colonial e liberar seu conteúdo pós-colonial.
PERCORRENDO OS SILÊNCIOS: UMA INCURSÃO NA SONORIDADE DE JONAS BLOCH, JOTA DÂNGELO, CARLOS ALBERTO RATTON E PLÍNIO MARCOS
Authors: Santos Alessandra Maria Dutra dos
Published: July 2015

Este texto pretende estudar a atividade teatral brasileira, na década de 60, enfocando a relação dos textos dramáticos e espetaculares de Jonas Bloch, Jota Dângelo, Carlos Alberto Ratton e Plínio Marcos com a censura, procurando observar as transformações ocorridas nos textos, nos autores e no público diante de uma situação adversa.
MEMÓRIA E IDENTIDADE EM MARAJÓ, DE DALCÍDIO JURANDIR
Authors: Vidal Elizabeth De Lemos
Published: July 2015

Este trabalho focaliza o processo de rememoração por meio da articulação entre diferentes instâncias temporais, que corresponde à apropriação da reminiscência no momento em que ela relampeja no presente. As associações, desencadeadas com base no processo da memória, trazem espaços e tempos diferentes.
GEOGRAFIAS DE EXÍLIO: MARIO BENEDETTI, UM INTELECTUAL LATINO-AMERICANO
Authors: Volpe Miriam Lidia
Published: July 2015

Examina-se o perfil de Mario Benedetti – escritor uruguaio de relevante produção – para uma reflexão sobre o papel do intelectual latino-americano e seu lugar de enunciação. Adotando a perspectiva do ensaio biográfico, matizada pelo suporte teórico e pela crítica textual, considerou-se sua trajetória a partir dos conceitos de exílio, insílio e desexílio.
LEITURA DAS LEITURAS: TEORIA E CRÍTICA, HOJE E NO ROMANTISMO
Authors: Maciel Emílio Carlos Roscoe
Published: July 2015

A partir de leituras d’Os Lusíadas no Romantismo e na contemporaneidade, o presente trabalho se propõe a discutir os impasses da recepção crítica de um texto clássico, tendo como foco a variação das estratégias canonizantes. Assim, considerando as possíveis continuidades e/ou discrepâncias entre os períodos em pauta, o que se busca, de início, é problematizar até que ponto poderia existir o objeto “texto”;ou do contrário, se este não seria senão o efeito das grades interpretativas que sobre ele se projetam.
‘O FIGURATIVO DO INOMINÁVEL”: ASPECTOS DA CRIAÇÃO TEXTUAL EM ÁGUA VIVA, DE CLARICE LISPECTOR
Authors: Silva Flávia Lins e
Published: July 2015

Este estudo busca investigar a concepção de escrita presente em Água viva, de Clarice Lispector, sobretudo no que se refere à homologia estabelecida entre a criação literária e outras manifestações artísticas, mais especificamente a fotografia, a música e a pintura. Investiga-se, também, a maneira como tal concepção se efetua na estrutura da obra.
A GUERRA INVADE O SÍTIO DO PICAPAU AMARELO
Authors: Gouvêa Ana Amélia Vianna
Published: July 2015

A situação contemporânea interfere na narrativa de muitos dos livros do ciclo do Picapau Amarelo. Em O poço do Visconde (1937), resultado das campanhas de Lobato pelo petróleo, o receituário para redenção do povo brasileiro é evidente. Em A chave do tamanho (1942), em meio à Segunda Guerra Mundial, Lobato proporia o extremo oposto: retirar da humanidade todos os meios para exercer a violência – alijá-la do acesso ao maquinário guerreiro e reduzi-la ao mundo natural.
O PERCURSO DA EPIFANIA NA POÉTICA DE ADÉLIA PRADO
Authors: Paula Maria Do Carmo Lara de
Published: July 2015

O tópico desta dissertação é a epifania na poética de Adélia Prado. Este estudo seleciona alguns poemas em seus seis livros de poesia. E constata que a obra abrange diferentes vieses da epifania, a saber: o religioso, o profano e o cruzamento dos dois.
TERRA DE SOL: UMA REVISTA BRASILEIRA ENTRE A NAÇÃO LUSITANA E A AMÉRICA HISPÂNICA
Authors: Souza Raquel S. Madanêlo
Published: July 2015

Terra de Sol, periódico editado no Rio de Janeiro, de janeiro de 1924 a junho de 1925, publicava textos de importantes intelectuais brasileiros, portugueses e hispano-americanos. O periódico estava dividido em dois grupos, de acordo com projetos diferentes: um sugeria o intercâmbio cultural entre Brasil e Portugal, o outro entre Brasil e a América hispânica.
O NARRADOR RIOBALDO – PASSAR PELO ESCRITO: A TRANSMISSÃO DE EXPERIÊNCIA EM GRANDE SERTÃO: VEREDAS
Authors: Corgosinho Rosângela Ramos
Published: July 2015

O texto é uma pesquisa sobre Grande sertão: Veredas, onde a narrativa de Guimarães Rosa é estudada através de Riobaldo. Ele é tomado como alguém que faz uma transmissão de experiência similar ao testemunho feito ao final de um tratamento psicanalítico, assim como ela é similar à narrativa que se aproxima da tradição oral e do romance moderno.
JORGE DE LIMA DÁ LICENÇA PARA QUE EU...?
Authors: Silva Ângela Maria de Pinho e
Published: July 2015

A poesia negra de Jorge de Lima é um retrato lírico dentro do movimento regionalista nordestino. Lima enfatiza o folclore e temas religosos em poemas negros e alguns livros de sua fase regionlista.
A LEITURA EM MOVIMENTO: ESTUDO DE UM CASO DE CENSURA NO BRASIL DO SÉCULO XIX
Authors: Ramos Fernando César da Silva
Published: July 2015

O presente trabalho consiste numa leitura de leituras feitasa respeito de certas passagens de Os Lusíadas, no decorrerde sua história, com destaque para as considerações de freiBartolomeu Ferreira, em 1571, e de Abílio César Borges, em 1879.
ENTRE DOBRADIÇAS E DOBRADURAS: A CONSTRUÇÃO DA PERSONAGEM EM STELLA MANHATTAN, DE SILVIANO SANTIAGO, E BRAZIL, DE JOHN UPDIKE
Authors: Barbosa Josane Fátima
Published: July 2015

Este trabalho aborda a construção das personagens dobradiçasde Stella Manhattan e das personagens dobraduras de Brazil.Essa construção é considerada estratégia de leitura do mundocontemporâneo.
MÁRIO FAUSTINO: A BIOGRAFIA DE UM POETA
Authors: Chaves Lilia Silvestre
Published: July 2015

O poeta Mário Faustino construiu sua vida como se vivesse emritmo de (auto)biografia. Recolhendo os rastros que obiografado deixou em cartas, fotos, poemas e lembranças decontemporâneos, o texto biográfico – entre ficção e realidade– instaura um diálogo entre teoria, crítica, literatura ehistória.
JUAN RADRIGÁN E PLÍNIO MARCOS: CONTEXTOS E TEXTOS DRAMÁTICOS/ESPETACULARES
Authors: Alexandre Marcos Antônio
Published: July 2015

Este ensaio tem como objetivo realizar um breve estudocomparativo entre a obra dramática e espetacular do dramaturgochileno Juan Radrigán (1937) e do dramaturgo brasileiroPlínio Marcos (1936/1999). A partir desse estudo, busca-seentender melhor as particularidades da história políticabrasileira e chilena, uma vez que ambos os dramaturgosconceberam grande parte de suas obras dramáticas sob o períododitatorial em seus respectivos países.
O MAIS ALÉM DA ESCRITA NA OBRA “THE TICKET THAT EXPLODED” DE WILLIAM BURROUGHS
Authors: Castilho Pedro Teixeira
Published: July 2015

A escrita do autor americano William Burroughs é analisadalevando em consideração a concepção de linguagem como umvírus e os desdobramentos desta concepção: o cut up e o foldin. O livro The ticket that exploded é a fonte para demonstrara prática de escrita do autor denunciando que Burroughsescreve subvertendo a ordem sintagmática das frases.
IMAGENS DA AMAZÔNIA: OLHARES INTERCULTURAIS
Authors: Martins Benedita Afonso
Published: July 2015

Através do estudo de algumas imagens estereotipadas e outramais lúdica sobre a cultura ribeirinha, este texto investigaos mecanismos de elaboração das imagens que, via de regra,demonstram, por um lado, os pré-conceitos sobre a culturaamazônica, e, por outro, apontam para formas de resistênciaa um possível aniquilamento das expressões culturais daregião.
HARRY POTTER: A MODERN MAGE HERO
Authors: Pádua Érika De
Published: July 2015

J. K. Rowling’s Harry Potter series follows the tradition offantasy works such as Tolkien’s The Lord of the Rings. Animportant difference from these, however, is that it showsthe contemporary mage looking for answers for fundamentalexistential questions of identity.
RESISTING CLOSURE: THE REPRESENTATION OF OPHELIA ON PAINTING AND SCREEN
Authors: Vieira Érika Viviane Costa
Published: July 2015

Based on representations of the character of Ophelia invisual arts and in the readings of traditional literarycriticism of Shakespeare, this paper seeks to question aperverse aesthetics that conjoins women and death.
Agradecimentos
Authors: Duarte Lélia Parreira
Published: July 2015

Agradecimentos
CARVALHO, José Darcy de. Seqüência ou sintagma? Uma ambigüidade em João Miramar. Rio de Janeiro: [s.n.], 1979. 85 p.
Authors: Cardoso Wilton
Published: July 2015

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Semiótica do dicionário
Authors: Oliveira Luiz Cláudio Vieira de
Published: July 2015

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A dupla articulação da linguagem
Authors: Viegas Ana Maria
Published: July 2015

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Nicolau Gogol: rir é o melhor capote - a perspectiva irônica de O Capote
Authors: Salomé Consuelo
Published: July 2015

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Resenha: SENRA, Ângela. Paixão e fé: Os Sinos da Agonia de Autran Dourado. Belo Horizonte: Ed. da UFMG, 1992
Authors: Casa Nova Vera Lúcia De Carvalho
Published: July 2015

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Dependência e individualidade nas literaturas africanas de língua portuguesa
Authors: Ferreira Manuel
Published: July 2015

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O jogo espetacular da representação: O Coronel e o Lobisomem
Authors: Miranda Wander Melo
Published: July 2015

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Entrevista com E. M. de Melo e Castro
Authors: Pereira Edgard
Published: July 2015

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Poema ''Quase''
Authors: Sá-Carneiro Mário De
Published: July 2015

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O ser e o nada em Álvaro de Campos
Authors: Maciel Maria Esther
Published: July 2015

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A poesia bucólica do Renascimento: Bernardim Ribeiro
Authors: Pereira Edgard
Published: July 2015

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Presupuestos epistemológicos y metodológicos de la iushistoria
Authors: Botero-Bernal Andrés
Published: July 2015

Este artículo propone y aclclara conceptos básicos para la iushistoria. En primer lugar, diferencia la iushistoria de la historia del derecho. En segundo lugar, señala que la iushistoria es una disciplina jurídica con autonomía relativa frente a la historiografía general o profesional, primer paso para un diálogo entre ambas. En tercer lugar, sostiene que la función de la iushistoria es la memoria de lo jurídico y del jurista, lo que implica un diálogo constante con el dogmático del derecho. En cuarto lugar, plantea que el método de la iushistoria es, fundamental pero no exclusivamente, la historia de textos jurídicos en sus contextos inmediatos, esto es, el método documental-histórico. En quinto lugar, recuerda la importancia de estar atento al uso de ciertos anacronismos. Y, en sexto lugar, sugiere el uso de un concepto: el “espacio-tiempo vital”, el cual sería muy útil para una historiografía del derecho en América Latina.
La Convención de Viena sobre la compraventa internacional de mercancías como lex mercatoria
Authors: Marín José Luis
Published: July 2015

El presente artículo, desarrollado en el marco de una conferencia sobre la materia, tiene como finalidad mostrar el papel que juega la Convención de Viena de 1980 sobre la compraventa internacional de mercancías en el desarrollo del comercio internacional y su aplicación en los diferentes ordenamientos nacionales, bien sea directamente como una ley positiva o como una costumbre mercantil o lex mercatoria. Todo ello para mostrar que si bien existen muchos Estados que aún no han ratificado esta Convención, eso no es óbice para que la misma no pueda ser aplicada de una forma subsidiaria en el evento de que estemos en presencia de un litigio que tenga las características exigidas para los casos de compraventa internacional de mercancías.
Migración circular como adaptación al cambio climático: Reconceptualización de los nuevos programas para empleados estacionales en Nueva Zelanda y Australia
Authors: Brickenstein Christine , Marvel Tabucanon Gil
Published: July 2015

This paper looks into an aspect of adaptation, namely the role of the circular migration as climate change adaptation. It focuses on two of the Pacific region’s recently well -known seasonal labor schemes, Namely Australia’s Seasonal Workers Program (SWP) and New Zealand ‘s recognized Seasonal Employer Scheme (RSE), and asks if beyond the current goals the schemes May be reconceptualsed as adaptation programs responsive not only towards developmental and economic Concerns but the wider (and interconnected With the first two) climate change challenges. According to MacDermott and Opeskin, labor mobility schemes, for the sending country focus on the “development perspective “such as (a) Employment Opportunities, (b) Regular benefits of Remittances and (c) skills enhancement, while receiving countries country can meet the challenges posed by labor shortages in seasonal industries where “a reliable workforce is lacking”.
Avaliação da infiltração marginal dos materiais MTA, Cimento de Portland e Ionômero de Vidro empregados em obturações retrógadas
Authors: Gamborgi Giovana Portella , Lang Pauline Mastella , Vanni José Roberto , Hartmann Mateus Silveira Martins , Fornari Volmir João
Published: July 2015

Objetivos. Avaliar o selamento apical promovido pelo MTA, cimento de Portland e ionômero de vidro em retrocavidades de dentes incisivos centrais superiores humanos.Método. Trinta incisivos centrais superiores foram tratados endodonticamente e tiveram sua porção apical seccionada, cavidades retrógadas foram preparadas e em seguida divididas em três grupos de dez dentes cada, da seguinte forma: Grupo1 – MTA; Grupo 2 – cimento de Portland; e Grupo 3 – ionômero de vidro. Dois dentes ainda foram utilizados, um como controle positivo e outro como controle negativo. Após a imersão no corante rodamina B a 0,2% por 48h a 37ºC as raízes foram clivadas e o padrão de infiltração foi mensurado. Os dados foram analisados utilizando-se ANOVA seguido pelo Teste Post Hoc de Bonferroni (p<0,05).Resultados. Os resultados mostraram que o grupo retrobturado com o ionômero de vidro obteve os melhores resultados (p< 0,05) quando comparados com os outros dois grupos experimentais. Os grupos dos cimentos MTA e Portland não tiveram diferenças estatisticamente significativas entre si (p> 0,05).Conclusão. Segundo a metodologia empregada, concluiu-se que o material que proporcionou o melhor selamento apical em retrobturações endodônticas foi o ionômero de vidro.
Propriedades ópticas relacionadas à estética dental
Authors: Radaelli Manuel Tomás Borges , Schuhb Christian , Federizzi Leonardo , Bacchi Ataís , Spazzinb Aloísio Oro
Published: July 2015

A restauração de um dente mantendo sua naturalidade sob quaisquer circunstânciasé uma tarefa difícil, devido às complexas características ópticas que influenciamneste processo. Fenômenos ópticos como a cor do dente, sua translucidez,opacidade, opalescência, fluorescência, fonte luminosa ambiente e seus relativosefeitos de metamerismo, têm um papel importantíssimo na maneira como percebemosum dente e, consequentemente, o processo de mimetização realizado duranteo tratamento restaurador. O sucesso nos resultados estéticos depende da integraçãode alguns fatores que se tornam críticos para tal: conhecimento de princípiosbásicos sobre a percepção das cores, percepção inerente a cada indivíduo, fontede luz utilizada durante a avaliação da cor, características estruturais de superfíciedos dentes e dos materiais restauradores utilizados, registro destas informações ea comunicação com o laboratório quando forem realizadas restaurações indiretas.Neste contexto, tendo como objetivo final o desenvolvimento de uma percepçãomais apurada das características estéticas da dentição natural, este artigo buscourevisar a literatura com o intuito de auxiliar o clínico a adquirir o entendimento deprincípios relacionados à cor, luz e as propriedades ópticas que são inerentes aosdentes,cerâmicas e resinas compostas.
Prognostic Value of 8‐Hydroxy‐2′‐Deoxyguanosine and Human Neutrophil Elastase/α1‐Proteinase Inhibitor Complex as Salivary Biomarkers of Oxidative Stress in Chronic Periodontitis
Authors: Villa‐Correa Yésica A. , Isaza‐Guzmán Diana M. , Tobón‐Arroyave Sergio I.
Published: July 2015

Background: 8‐Hydroxy‐2′‐deoxyguanosine (8‐OHdG) and human neutrophil elastase/α1‐proteinase inhibitor (HNE/α1‐PI) complex have been regarded as reliable biomarkers of oxidative stress in inflammatory conditions. This study investigates whether the salivary levels of these two analytes may be linked with periodontal health status.

Methods: One hundred ten patients with chronic periodontitis (CP) and 50 healthy controls were selected. Periodontal status was assessed by criteria based on probing depth, clinical attachment level, and extent and severity of periodontal breakdown. 8‐OHdG and HNE/α1‐PI salivary levels were analyzed by enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assay. The association of these analytes with CP was analyzed individually and adjusted for confounding factors using a multivariate binary logistic regression model.

Results: Significantly higher levels of both markers were detected in the CP group in comparison to controls. Weak‐to‐moderate positive significant correlations between salivary biomarkers and clinical parameters were observed. After binary logistic regression analysis, salivary levels of 8‐OHdG >17.35 ng/mL and HNE/α1‐PI complex >158.28 ng/mL were independently associated with disease status. Interaction effects among candidate prognostic variables were also noted.

Conclusions: Increased salivary levels of 8‐OHdG and HNE/α1‐PI complex may be strong, independent prognostic indicators of the amount and extent of oxidative stress–induced periodontal breakdown. In addition, unstimulated whole saliva samples might reflect a synergistic biologic interactive effect of HNE/α1‐PI associated with the aging and smoking cumulative characteristics of periodontal damage.
Impact of Health Insurance Type on Trends in Newborn Circumcision, United States, 2000 to 2010
Authors: Warner Lee , Cox Shanna , Whiteman Maura , Jamieson Denise J. , Macaluso Maurizio , Bansil Pooja , Kuklina Elena , Kourtis Athena P. , Posner Samuel , Barfield Wanda D.
Published: July 2015

Objectives. We explored how changes in insurance coverage contributed to recent nationwide decreases in newborn circumcision.

Methods. Hospital discharge data from the 2000–2010 Nationwide Inpatient Sample were analyzed to assess trends in circumcision incidence among male newborn birth hospitalizations covered by private insurance or Medicaid. We examined the impact of insurance coverage on circumcision incidence.

Results. Overall, circumcision incidence decreased significantly from 61.3% in 2000 to 56.9% in 2010 in unadjusted analyses (P for trend = .008), but not in analyses adjusted for insurance status (P for trend = .46) and other predictors (P for trend = .55). Significant decreases were observed only in the South, where adjusted analyses revealed decreases in circumcision overall (P for trend = .007) and among hospitalizations with Medicaid (P for trend = .005) but not those with private insurance (P for trend = .13). Newborn male birth hospitalizations covered by Medicaid increased from 36.0% (2000) to 50.1% (2010; P for trend < .001), suggesting 390 000 additional circumcisions might have occurred nationwide had insurance coverage remained constant.

Conclusions. Shifts in insurance coverage, particularly toward Medicaid, likely contributed to decreases in newborn circumcision nationwide and in the South. Barriers to the availability of circumcision should be revisited, particularly for families who desire but have less financial access to the procedure.
The Changing Urban Landscape: Interconnections Between Racial/Ethnic Segregation and Exposure in the Study of Race-Specific Violence Over Time
Authors: Parker Karen F. , Stansfield Richard
Published: July 2015

Objectives. We investigated how racial/ethnic shifts in the urban landscape influence race-specific violence by considering changes in the size of the Hispanic population, racial/ethnic contact, and racial segregation patterns.

Methods. We used a time-series approach incorporating 4 decennial periods (1980, 1990, 2000, and 2010) to determine whether racial/ethnic demographic changes in 144 US cities influenced White and Black homicide rates. Sources included census and Uniform Crime Reports Supplemental Homicide Report data.

Results. The growing diversity in the residential population of US cities contributed to the dramatic decline in homicide rates over time, but the effects differed by racial group. Exposure between Hispanics and Blacks and the growing presence of Hispanics led to a reduced Black homicide trend but had no impact on Whites, after adjustment for economic shifts and other important structural features in US cities.

Conclusions. Our research highlights the importance of paying closer attention to exposure and integration between immigrants and existing racial groups. Failure to consider racial/ethnic contact and the racial nature of urban violence may produce misleading results in studies of associations between Hispanic immigration and crime.
Increasing Access to Dental and Medical Care by Allowing Greater Flexibility in Scope of Practice
Authors: Manski Richard J. , Hoffmann Diane , Rowthorn Virginia
Published: July 2015

In recent years, advocates for increasing access to medical and oral health care have argued for expanding the scope of practice of dentists and physicians. Although this idea may have merit, significant legal and other barriers stand in the way of allowing dentists to do more primary health care, physicians to do more oral health care, and both professions to collaborate. State practice acts, standards of care, and professional school curricula all support the historical separation between the 2 professions. Current laws do not contemplate working across professional boundaries, leaving providers who try vulnerable to legal penalties. Here we examine the legal, regulatory, and training barriers to dental and medical professionals performing services outside their traditional scope of practice.
Sociodemographic Disparities in Local Smoke-Free Law Coverage in 10 States
Authors: Huang Jidong , King Brian A. , Babb Stephen D. , Xu Xin , Hallett Cynthia , Hopkins Maggie
Published: July 2015

Objectives. We assessed sociodemographic disparities in local 100% smoke-free laws prohibiting smoking in all indoor areas of nonhospitality worksites, restaurants, and bars in 10 states.

Methods. We obtained data on local 100% smoke-free laws (US Tobacco Control Laws Database) and subcounty characteristics (2006–2010 American Community Survey) for Alabama, Alaska, Indiana, Kentucky, Mississippi, Missouri, North Dakota, South Carolina, Texas, and West Virginia. Outcomes included (1) 100% smoke-free law covering restaurants, bars, and workplaces; (2) 100% smoke-free law covering restaurants, bars, or workplaces; and (3) number of venue types covered by 100% smoke-free laws (0–3). Sociodemographics included total population, urban status, percentage racial/ethnic minority, per capita income, percentage with high-school diploma, percentage with blue-collar jobs, and percentage of workers who live and work in the same locality.

Results. Across states, localities with less-educated residents, smaller proportions of workers living and working in the same locality, or both generally had lower odds of being covered by 100% smoke-free laws. Coverage varied across states for other sociodemographics.

Conclusions. Disparities exist in local smoke-free law coverage. Identifying patterns in coverage can inform state efforts to address related disparities.
Secondhand Smoke Exposure Among Nonsmoking Adolescents in West Africa
Authors: Mamudu Hadii M. , Veeranki Sreenivas P. , John Rijo M. , Kioko David M. , Ogwell Ouma Ahmed E.
Published: July 2015

Objectives. We estimated the prevalence and determinants of secondhand smoke (SHS) exposure among nonsmoking adolescents in 9 West African countries.

Methods. We conducted a pooled analysis with nationally representative 2006 to 2009 Global Youth Tobacco Survey data. We used descriptive statistics to determine the prevalence of SHS exposure and inferential statistics using a multivariable logistic regression model to determine factors associated with SHS exposure. We investigated average marginal effect results that show the probability of SHS exposure, adjusting for all other attributes.

Results. SHS exposure inside the home ranged from 13.0% to 45.0%; SHS exposure outside the home ranged from 24.7% to 80.1%. Parental or peer smoking behaviors were significantly associated with higher probability of SHS exposure in all 9 countries. Knowledge of smoking harm, support for smoking bans, exposure to antismoking media messages, and receptivity of school tobacco education were significantly associated with higher SHS exposure in most countries.

Conclusions. West African policymakers should adopt policies consistent with Article 8 of the World Health Organization Framework Convention on Tobacco Control and its guidelines and public health education to promote smoke-free households.
Flu and Finances: Influenza Outbreaks and Loan Defaults in US Cities, 2004–2012
Authors: Houle Jason N. , Collins J. Michael , Schmeiser Maximilian D.
Published: July 2015

Objectives. We examined the association between influenza outbreaks in 83 metropolitan areas and credit card and mortgage defaults, as measured in quarterly zip code–level credit data over the period of 2004 to 2012.

Methods. We used ordinary least squares, fixed effects, and 2-stage least squares instrumental variables regression strategies to examine the relationship between influenza-related Google searches and 30-, 60-, and 90-day credit card and mortgage delinquency rates.

Results. We found that a proxy for influenza outbreaks is associated with a small but statistically significant increase in credit card and mortgage default rates, net of other factors. These effects are largest for 90-day defaults, suggesting that influenza outbreaks have a disproportionate impact on vulnerable borrowers who are already behind on their payments.

Conclusions. Overall, it appears there is a relationship between exogenous health shocks (such as influenza) and credit default. The results suggest that consumer finances could benefit from policies that aim to reduce the financial shocks of illness, particularly for vulnerable borrowers.
Determining Chronic Disease Prevalence in Local Populations Using Emergency Department Surveillance
Authors: Lee David C. , Long Judith A. , Wall Stephen P. , Carr Brendan G. , Satchell Samantha N. , Braithwaite R. Scott , Elbel Brian
Published: July 2015

Objectives. We sought to improve public health surveillance by using a geographic analysis of emergency department (ED) visits to determine local chronic disease prevalence.

Methods. Using an all-payer administrative database, we determined the proportion of unique ED patients with diabetes, hypertension, or asthma. We compared these rates to those determined by the New York City Community Health Survey. For diabetes prevalence, we also analyzed the fidelity of longitudinal estimates using logistic regression and determined disease burden within census tracts using geocoded addresses.

Results. We identified 4.4 million unique New York City adults visiting an ED between 2009 and 2012. When we compared our emergency sample to survey data, rates of neighborhood diabetes, hypertension, and asthma prevalence were similar (correlation coefficient = 0.86, 0.88, and 0.77, respectively). In addition, our method demonstrated less year-to-year scatter and identified significant variation of disease burden within neighborhoods among census tracts.

Conclusions. Our method for determining chronic disease prevalence correlates with a validated health survey and may have higher reliability over time and greater granularity at a local level. Our findings can improve public health surveillance by identifying local variation of disease prevalence.
Sex-Related Disparities in Criminal Justice and HIV Treatment Outcomes: A Retrospective Cohort Study of HIV-Infected Inmates
Authors: Meyer Jaimie P. , Cepeda Javier , Taxman Faye S. , Altice Frederick L.
Published: July 2015

Objectives. We evaluated sex-related differences in HIV and criminal justice (CJ) outcomes.

Methods. We quantified sex-related differences in criminal offenses, incarcerations, and HIV outcomes among all HIV-infected inmates on antiretroviral therapy (ART) in Connecticut (2005–2012). Computed criminogenic risk scores estimated future CJ involvement. Stacked logistic regression models with random effects identified significant correlates of HIV viral suppression on CJ entry, reflecting preceding community-based treatment.

Results. Compared with 866 HIV-infected men on ART (1619 incarcerations), 223 women (461 incarcerations) were more likely to be younger, White, and medically insured, with shorter incarceration periods (mean = 196.8 vs 368.1 days), mostly for public disorder offenses. One third of both women and men had viral suppression on CJ entry, correlating positively with older age and having treated comorbidities. Entry viral suppression inversely correlated with incarceration duration for women and with criminogenic risk score for men.

Conclusions. In the largest contemporary cohort of HIV-infected inmates on ART, women’s higher prevalence of nonviolent offenses and treatable comorbidities supports alternatives to incarceration strategies. Sex-specific interventions for CJ populations with HIV effectively align public health and safety goals.
Resilience and Vulnerability to the Psychological Harm From Flooding: The Role of Social Cohesion
Authors: Greene Giles , Paranjothy Shantini , Palmer Stephen R.
Published: July 2015

Objectives. We examined the role of social cohesion as a component of vulnerability and resilience to the psychological distress of flooding.

Methods. A survey collected data from 2238 individuals living in flood-affected areas of England (South Yorkshire and Worcestershire) in 2007. We used Bayesian structural equation modeling to assess factors relating to the latent variables of resilience (years in area, family nearby, and social cohesion) and vulnerability (disruption of essential services, flood risk, and previous flood experience).

Results. Flooding was strongly associated with poor mental health; however, resilience factors (associated with the ability to cope with natural disasters), but not vulnerability, were strongly associated with a reduction in psychological distress.

Conclusions. Resilience and social cohesion were important influences on the risk of developing poor mental health following flooding. Increasing resilience of communities by strengthening social cohesion through measures that increase civic participation and changing land use should be considered as potentially inexpensive and effective defenses against avoidable mental harm that will result from increased climate instability.
Safety Net Care and Midlevel Dental Practitioners: A Case Study of the Portion of Care That Might Be Performed Under Various Setting and Scope-of-Practice Assumptions
Authors: Phillips Elizabeth , Gwozdek Anne E. , Shaefer H. Luke
Published: July 2015

Objectives. We sought to determine the proportion of dental care provided at safety net–type clinics that might be performed by midlevel practitioners.

Methods. Data were obtained on 157 328 procedures performed in 2012 at the clinics associated with a Midwestern dental school. Based on procedure codes, we determined the overall proportion, as well as the proportion of visits and patients’ care, that could have been performed by 3 types of practitioners.

Results. Overall, 48% to 66% of all procedures could have been performed by a midlevel dental practitioner. Nearly half of all visits, and roughly a third of all patients, could have been entirely cared for by a practitioner trained in prophylaxis and with evaluation capabilities. Such practitioners could handle roughly 80% of the visits at the community-based clinic and more than half of the visits at the hospital-based clinic.

Conclusions. A midlevel practitioner with training in prophylaxis has the potential to alleviate much of the burden on the dental safety net because much of the need among vulnerable populations falls well within their scope of practice.
Public Health Intelligence: Learning From the Ebola Crisis
Authors: Carney Timothy Jay , Weber David Jay
Published: July 2015

Today’s public health crises, as exemplified by the Ebola outbreak, lead to dramatic calls to action that typically include improved electronic monitoring systems to better prepare for, and respond to, similar occurrences in the future. Even a preliminary public health informatics evaluation of the current Ebola crisis exposes the need for enhanced coordination and sharing of trustworthy public health intelligence.

We call for a consumer-centric model of public health intelligence and the formation of a national center to guide public health intelligence gathering and synthesis.

Sharing accurate and actionable information with government agencies, health care practitioners, policymakers, and, critically, the general public, will mark a shift from doing public health surveillance on people to doing public health surveillance for people.
Probability of an Obese Person Attaining Normal Body Weight: Cohort Study Using Electronic Health Records
Authors: Fildes Alison , Charlton Judith , Rudisill Caroline , Littlejohns Peter , Prevost A. Toby , Gulliford Martin C.
Published: July 2015

Objectives. We examined the probability of an obese person attaining normal body weight.

Methods. We drew a sample of individuals aged 20 years and older from the United Kingdom’s Clinical Practice Research Datalink from 2004 to 2014. We analyzed data for 76 704 obese men and 99 791 obese women. We excluded participants who received bariatric surgery. We estimated the probability of attaining normal weight or 5% reduction in body weight.

Results. During a maximum of 9 years’ follow-up, 1283 men and 2245 women attained normal body weight. In simple obesity (body mass index = 30.0–34.9 kg/m2), the annual probability of attaining normal weight was 1 in 210 for men and 1 in 124 for women, increasing to 1 in 1290 for men and 1 in 677 for women with morbid obesity (body mass index = 40.0–44.9 kg/m2). The annual probability of achieving a 5% weight reduction was 1 in 8 for men and 1 in 7 for women with morbid obesity.

Conclusions. The probability of attaining normal weight or maintaining weight loss is low. Obesity treatment frameworks grounded in community-based weight management programs may be ineffective.
A Systematic Review of Neighborhood Disparities in Point-of-Sale Tobacco Marketing
Authors: Lee Joseph G. L. , Henriksen Lisa , Rose Shyanika W. , Moreland-Russell Sarah , Ribisl Kurt M.
Published: July 2015

We systematically reviewed evidence of disparities in tobacco marketing at tobacco retailers by sociodemographic neighborhood characteristics. We identified 43 relevant articles from 893 results of a systematic search in 10 databases updated May 28, 2014. We found 148 associations of marketing (price, placement, promotion, or product availability) with a neighborhood demographic of interest (socioeconomic disadvantage, race, ethnicity, and urbanicity).

Neighborhoods with lower income have more tobacco marketing. There is more menthol marketing targeting urban neighborhoods and neighborhoods with more Black residents. Smokeless tobacco products are targeted more toward rural neighborhoods and neighborhoods with more White residents. Differences in store type partially explain these disparities.

There are more inducements to start and continue smoking in lower-income neighborhoods and in neighborhoods with more Black residents. Retailer marketing may contribute to disparities in tobacco use. Clinicians should be aware of the pervasiveness of these environmental cues.
Addressing the Challenges of Research With Small Populations
Authors: Korngiebel Diane M. , Taualii Maile , Forquera Ralph , Harris Raymond , Buchwald Dedra
Published: July 2015

Public health policy relies on accurate data, which are often unavailable for small populations, especially indigenous groups. Yet these groups have some of the worst health disparities in the United States, making it an ethical imperative to explore creative solutions to the problem of insufficient data.

We discuss the limits of widely applied methods of data aggregation and propose a mixed-methods approach to data borrowing as a way to augment sample sizes. In this approach, community partners assist in selecting related populations that make suitable “neighbors” to enlarge the data pool.

The result will be data that are substantial, accurate, and relevant to the needs of small populations, especially for health-related policy and decision-making at all levels.
Meaningful Use of an Electronic Health Record in the New York City Jail System
Authors: Martelle Michelle , Farber Benjamin , Stazesky Richard , Dickey Nathaniel , Parsons Amanda , Venters Homer
Published: July 2015

Use of electronic health records (EHRs) is an important innovation for patients in jails and prisons. Efforts to incentivize health information technology, including the Medicaid EHR Incentive Program, are generally aimed at community providers; however, recent regulation changes allow participation of jail health providers. In the New York City jail system, the Department of Health and Mental Hygiene oversees care delivery and was able to participate in and earn incentives through the Medicaid EHR Incentive Program. Despite the challenges of this program and other health information innovations, participation by correctional health services can generate financial assistance and useful frameworks to guide these efforts. Policymakers will need to consider the specific challenges of implementing these programs in correctional settings.
Disentangling the multiple stressors acting on stream ecosystems to support restoration priorities
Authors: Azzellino A. , Canobbio S. , Çervigen S. , Marchesi V. , Piana A.
Published: July 2015

Stream ecosystems may suffer from the effects of multiple stressors. Planning restoration actions without knowing the relative weight of each stressor might lead to disproportionately costly or ecologically meaningless measures. This is particularly relevant under the EU Water Framework Directive where economic considerations play a role in justifying exemptions from the overarching aim of the directive of achieving the good ecological status in all the EU water bodies by 2015. In this study, we correlated the status of macroinvertebrate assemblages with many environmental variables at 120 monitoring stations (surveyed in 2009–2011) in the streams of Lombardy, Italy. We used a combination of regression techniques to disentangle the effects of the different stressors. Furthermore, different profiles of ecological quality were associated with the dominant stressors. Finally, examples are given about how these study findings provide elements to identify restoration scenarios that maximize the effectiveness/cost ratio.
Sulfonamide antibiotic removal and nitrogen recovery from synthetic urine by the combination of rotating advanced oxidation contactor and methylene urea synthesis process
Authors: Fukahori S. , Fujiwara T. , Ito R. , Funamizu N.
Published: July 2015

The combination of nitrogen recovery and pharmaceutical removal processes for livestock urine treatment were investigated to suppress the discharge of pollutants and recover nitrogen as resources. We combined methylene urea synthesis from urea and adsorption and photocatalytic decomposition of sulfonamide antibiotic using rotating advanced oxidation contactor (RAOC) contained for obtaining both safe fertilizer and reclaimed water. The methylene urea synthesis could recover urea in synthetic urine, however, almost all sulfonamide antibiotic was also incorporated, which is unfavorable from a safety aspect if the methylene urea is to be used as fertilizer. Conversely, RAOC could remove sulfonamide antibiotic without consuming urea. It was also confirmed that the methylene urea could be synthesized from synthetic urine treated by RAOC. Thus, we concluded that RAOC should be inserted prior to the nitrogen recovery process for effective treatment of urine and safe use of methylene urea as fertilizer.
Pyrite-enhanced degradation of chloramphenicol by low concentrations of H2O2
Authors: Wu Deli , Liu Yanxia , Zhang Zhiyong , Ma Luming , Zhang Yalei
Published: July 2015

A pyrite-catalyzed reaction was used to degrade chloramphenicol. Chloramphenicol could be almost 100% removed within 60 minutes when 1 mM H2O2 and 0.1 g/L pyrite were added at an initial pH = 3. During oxidation, intermediates such as nitrobenzaldehyde and dichloroacetamide were identified by gas chromatography/mass spectrometry (GC/MS). The •OH was identified by electron spin-resonance spectroscopy. Pyrite was digested to determine elements by ICP (inductive coupled plasma emission spectrometer). To understand the reaction mechanism and the role of natural pyrite in these processes, techniques including scanning electron microscopy and energy dispersive spectrometry were employed to characterize the solid sample. The results explain that pyrite acts as a ‘bond’ between Fe3+ and H2O2, and this pathway continues to form •OH and inhibit the quenching reaction. Therefore, pyrite-catalyzed reactions would proceed even in low concentrations of H2O2.