bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
590 – Exposure to Lithium During Late Pregnancy and Neonatal Outcomes
Authors: González-Rodríguez A. , Imaz M.L. , Romans C. , Palacio M. , Pérez J.M. , Marín G. , Torra M. , Roda E. , Torres A. , Garcia-Esteve L.
Published: July 2013

Introduction:

Lithium has been used in the treatment of pregnant women with bipolar disorder for many decades but information on the effects of its exposure on perinatal variables is scarce.

Objectives:

To determine the effects of in-utero exposure to lithium on neonatal outcomes among infants born to women with treatment with lithium during pregnancy.

Methods:

Prospective and observational study including all consecutive cases of pregnant women with bipolar disorder type I or II (N = 22) and maintenance treatment with lithium monotherapy (n=13) or polytherapy (n=9), attended at the PERINATAL PSYCHIATRY PROGRAM CLÍNIC-BARCELONA between 2005 and 2012. We evaluated sociodemographic data, lithium plasma concentrations in maternal blood and umbilical cord, obstetric and neonatal variables.

Results:

No statistically significant differences were found regarding sociodemographic data between both groups. Rates for umbilical cord:maternal plasma lithium levels were higher in women treated with polytherapy than in women who received lithium alone (1.08 vs. 1.05). Neonates exposed to polytherapy had a higher weight percentile at birth (p70 vs p50) and greater gestational age (39.72 vs. 38.28 weeks), than those exposed to lithium alone. Acute neonatal complications were more frequently observed in infants that were exposed to lithium monotherapy (33.3% vs. 38.50), being all complications transitory and not severe.

Conclusions:

The infants exposed to lithium polytherapy presented a higher weight at birth compared to those who received lithium monotherapy. However, no statistically significant differences were found between treatment groups. Further research is needed to better clarify safety of lithium and its effect on neonatal outcomes.
594 - Clerking in Confusion
Authors: Pocklington C. , Al-Dhahir L.
Published: July 2013

Introduction:

Delirium is common but often under-diagnosed. Early detection and diagnosis are vital for better prognosis, placing emphasis on the quality of the admission clerking. NICE recommends using the Confusion Assessment Method (CAM) when assessing such patients. For a delirium diagnosis patients have to fulfill the CAM criteria.

Aim:

To establish if the CAM is a useful tool in clerking patients presenting with confusion.

Objectives:

Assess uptake of the CAM

Identify how many patients presenting with confusion fulfill diagnosis criteria

Determine if the CAM results in a lower number of amended diagnoses

Describe associations between clinical findings and diagnosis

Evaluate junior doctor knowledge about the CAM

Methods:

A prospective audit was performed to assess the quality of clerking in fifty patients presenting with “confusion’. The second phase involved a qualitative questionnaire to assess junior doctor knowledge of the CAM.

Results:

CAM was not used to make any diagnosis. Only 4% of clerkings fulfilled diagnosis criteria. Patients diagnosed with delirium, who then had their diagnosis amended, did not fulfill CAM criteria on admission. Junior doctor knowledge of delirium diagnosis was poor.

Conclusions:

The CAM is a useful and valuable tool, resulting in fewer unnecessary investigations and a reduced hospital stay. Junior doctor knowledge of it is inadequate explaining why it is not currently being used in practice. We recommend that the CAM should be included in the teaching curriculum. This study shows that further investigation of the aim, and its objective, is warranted and justified.
595 - Subjetive Well-being in Eating Disorders
Authors: Magallares A. , Jauregui I. , Gamiz N. , Santed M.
Published: July 2013

Introduction:

The literature has found that eating disorders patients usually have a depression and anxiety diagnosis. However, not many investigations have studied the relationship between ED and subjective well-being.

Objectives & aims:

For this reason in this study it is analyzed if women with an eating disorder diagnosis have less subjective well-being than a control group.

Methods:

104 participants (35 with anorexia nervosa, 28 with bulimia nervosa, 16 with eating disorder not otherwise specified and 25 controls) were selected to conduct the study.

Results:

It was found that women with eating disorders reported less satisfaction with life and positive affect than the control group, but there were not statically significant differences in negative affect.

Conclusions:

Reports of hedonic or subjective well-being problems were much more common in participants with eating disorders than in the control group (female individuals without clinical problems).
599 – Male Suicides, Unemployment and Antidepressants Consumption: A Problematic Relation in Times of Economic Recession
Authors: Mattei G. , Ferrari S.
Published: July 2013

Background:

Since 2008 economic recession, all countries in Europe are experiencing severe consequences such as lowering of income and increase in unemployment. Several researches in literature point out that both unemployment and the fear of unemployment have negative consequences on health.

Aim:

To study the relation between male suicidal behavior and antidepressants prescription in times of economic recession.

Methods:

Descriptive study. The rate of suicide, attempted suicide, and unemployment were obtained from the website of the Italian National Institute of Statistics (ISTAT: www.istat.it, www.demo.istat.it). Data referring to drug consumption were found on the website of the Italian Agency of Drugs (AIFA: www.agenziafarmaco.gov.it). Years from 2000 to 2010 were studied. Statistics performed with the Pearson’s coefficient.

Results:

In Italy, in the last 10 years, the use of SSRIs and other new antidepressants (not TCA) steadily increased. Since the onset of the 2008 economic crises, unemployment rate increased from 6,1% in 2007 to 8,65% in 2010. The overall number of male suicides increased dramatically especially in the most recent years of economic crises, moving from 2.197 in 2008 up to 2.399 in 2010. In particular, comparing the number of male self-harm behaviours due to financial problems with the rate of unemployment in years 2007-2010, a linear correlation is found (r=0.92 for male suicides; r= 0.90 for male attempted suicides).

Conclusions:

Greater availability of antidepressant therapies in Italy does not seem to impact on suicide rate as elsewhere reported (i.e. Hungary). These findings could support an important environmental effect, mediated by financial problems.
603 – Performance of the Brazilian Association of Alcoholism and Drug Near the Brazilian Air Force
Authors: Jaber J. , Cibreiros S.A. , Hollanda A.
Published: July 2013

Introduction:

The Brazilian's Ministries of Defence and Justice took the initiative to create the project Agate 5, through which performance of the Brazilian Air Force - FAB, aims to curb the entry and movement of drugs in Brazil for the control and surveillance of the airspace boundaries. The Agate 5, aiming to look beyond the work of repression of drug trafficking, also preventing drug use, invited three professionals in addiction linked to ABRAD, Brazilian Association of Alcoholism and Drug Administration to work in this operation, in cities southern Brazil. This study reports the experience of these professionals in addiction Project Agate 5.

Objective:

Promote guidelines on prevention and treatment of chemical dependency, family treatment and health education for youth and children.

Methodology:

Lectures and dynamic guidance on issues related to addiction and health promotion.

Development:

The orientation on the prevention of drug use was presented by the ABRAD's group along with the official Brazilian Air Force - FAB, for educators and managers of the cities visited. Issues were addressed health promotion with children at a school visited by the group, in Porto Alegre, as well as guidance to adolescents participating in a social project in Foz do Iguaçu.

Conclusions:

The proposed objectives were achieved, and there is the possibility of teaching a course on chemical dependency counselors provided by ABRAD cities visited for training professionals to be area.
604 – Experience of the Family of the Brain Dead Concerning the Influential Factors on Organ Donation (A Qualitative Study)
Authors: Hoseinrezaee H. , Zare Anari A. Mehdizadeh , Pilevarzadeh M. , Khanjani N. , Najmie Nouri F. , Ghaffarinejad A.
Published: July 2013

Background:

Brain-dead patients are considered as the most important supply source for patients in need of organ donation, and the decision making regarding donation primarily takes place by the families.

Method:

The phenomenology study was conducted via interviews with no predetermined and deep questions (unstructured). The data were analyzed through a phenomenological - descriptive analysis method according to Colaizzi's 9 step process.

Findings:

Seven male and six female subjects participated in the study. The findings were categorized into the three concepts of ‘fear and worry’, ‘unknowns’, and ‘growth and sublimation’. One of the main agents of decision making in ‘unknowns’ subcategory was lack of awareness. In the ‘fear and worry’ subcategory, subjects suffered fear and worry from the looks of the body of the deceased subsequent to donation, and some believed that the body should be intact when being buried. Comments of distant relatives and bystanders were another source of worry in the families as to the possibility of the braindead patient's recovery. As for ‘growth and sublimation’, spirituality and the feeling of spiritual recompense and reward in return for helping others, among many, was the main factor.

Conclusion:

The disparate experiences of families necessitate proper support in critical situations.They require assistance to become aware of unknowns of their minds and better understanding of organ donation process, and to reduce the influence of undesirable interfering thoughts and factors in the way of accepting this calamity and, as a result, the donation decision be made with more confidence and assurance.
617 – Therapeutic Orientations, Professional Efficacy and Burnout among Substance Abuse Social Workers in Israel
Authors: Tartakovsky E.
Published: July 2013

This study investigates the therapeutic orientations of substance abuse social workers and the relationship between these orientations and burnout. Ninety-two social workers who provided outpatient treatment to people suffering from substance abuse disorders in Israel participated in the study. The results obtained demonstrated that among substance abuse social workers the psychodynamic and ecosystems therapeutic orientations were more prominent than the cognitive-behavior orientation. A greater adherence to the cognitive-behavior orientation was associated with a higher sense of professional efficacy; a greater adherence to the psychodynamic orientation was associated with a higher level of exhaustion; and greater adherence to the ecosystems orientation was associated with lower levels of exhaustion and cynicism. Females reported lower levels of exhaustion and cynicism. The cognitive-behavioral orientation mediated the connection between the social workers' experience in the field of substance abuse and two dimensions of burnout - exhaustion and professional efficacy. Significance of the findings for improving the well-being of substance abuse social workers and for the advancement of psychosocial services is discussed.
619 – Effect of Bisphenol a and Passive Avoidance Learning on NR1 Subunit of NMDA Receptor Distribution in Hippocampus, Amygdale, Cerebellum and Prefrontal Cortex of Male Rat
Authors: Taherianfard M. , Ensannejad R.
Published: July 2013

Bisphenol A is used in manufacture of polycarbonate plastics, epoxy resins and as nonpolymeric additive in plastics. On the other hand bisphenol A induces harmful effects on the mammalian CNS, so the aim of present study was to investigate the effect of bisphenol A and Passive avoidance learning on NR1 subunit of NMDA receptor distribution in hippocampus, amygdala, cerebellum and prefrontal cortex of male rats.

Thirty male rats weighting 260- 350 g were used. Animals were divided into 3 groups: 1- Sham group (sesame oil the same volume of experimental); 2- experimental 1 (received bisphenol A 5 mg/kg/day); 3- experimental 2 (received bisphenol A 50 mg/kg/day). Bisphenol A was used by oral intake for 15 days. passive avoidance Learning and memory were performed by a shuttle-box. Distribution of NR1 subunit of NMDA receptor was investigated by immunohistochemical procedure. For determination of color difference the software of Image Analyzer were used. Data was analyzed by one ways ANOVA measuring and Tucky's test as post-hoc tests. The level of significant was P< 0.05.

Data showed that bisphenol A in immunohistochemical procedure according to image analyzer program in two dose of present study significantly decreased distribution of NR1 subunit of NMDA receptor in hippocampus, amygdala, cerebellum and prefrontal cortex of male rats.

According to this results bisphenol A impaired distribution of NR1 subunit of NMDA receptor in hippocampus, amygdala, cerebellum and prefrontal cortex of male rats.
620 – Acute and Transient Psychotic Disorders: Comparison
Authors: Bardenshteyn L. , Aleshkina G. , Shcherbakova I. , Beglyankin N.
Published: July 2013

Objective:

To investigate clinical dynamics of acute and transient psychotic disorders during antipsychotic therapy.

Methods:

35 primary inpatients of psychiatric hospital with acute and transient psychotic disorders (ICD-10, F 23) were observed for 6 months. Group 1 - 17 participants (26,7±7,1 years) with acute psychosis without schizophrenic symptoms (F 23.0). Group 2 - 18 inpatients (26,0±5,7 years) with acute psychosis including schizophrenic symptoms (F 23.1). All patients received haloperidol injections with subsequent switch to olanzapine or risperidone per os. Psychopathological dynamics was estimated on PANSS [Kay S.R. et al., 1987].

Results:

For the first group, the initial total PANSS score was lower (88,1±10,8) than for group 2 (123,3±7,7; p≤0,01). Duration of psychoses didn’t exceed 30 days in the first group. Longer psychotic episodes were typical to the 2nd group: ratio of the episodes lasting 6-30 days an 31-60 days was 50 to 50%. Negative symptoms, such as autism, passivity were revealed in all patients of group 2. The psychotic recurrence within 6 months after the first psychotic episode reduction occurred in 16%. Negative symptoms level estimated on PANSS in these patients was higher (26,7±4,2) than in whole group (23,7±5,6) [p≥0,05].

Conclusions:

The disorders diagnosed as F 23.0 and F 23.1 (ICD-10) differed in several patterns. Group 2 was characterized by stronger severity of psychotic symptoms; group 2 patients showed resistance to antipsychotic therapy. Moreover, the tendency to psychosis relapse was noticeable in cases with more strongly expressed negative symptoms after the first psychotic episode.
644 – Psychotherapy in Ukraine on the Medical Health Care Reforming
Authors: Mykhaylov B.
Published: July 2013

The psychotherapeutic practice in Ukraine is carried out in structure specialized psychiatric, psychoneurological and somatic hospitals and polyclinics of health care services.

Since independence, Ukraine still has inefficient public health care system, with its unbalanced structure of services, especially in mental health care.

The basic organizational unit of the psychotherapeutic care is the cabinet of psychotherapy, which common number on 1.01.2012 year was 223, from them at the psychiatric network 134 (61%), at the somatic - 89 (that makes about 39%). The psychotherapeutic care is carried out within the limits of medical and psychological model.

Thus since 1997 the speciality medical psychology and a staff of the doctor-psychologist is entered, paralleled with practice (clinical) psychologist.

From now on in a medical network medical psychologists with medical (85 person) and psychological (315 person) base education in parallel work.

The general deficiency of the staff is made nearby by 600 person.

The basic problem are defficiency posts of psychotherapists in specialized and somatic networks according to operating specifications. The general deficiency of physical persons makes 1000 persons.

Contemporary the State Programme of the medical care system reconstruction are established. The psychotherapeutic network requires immediate expansion, especially in somatic treatment-and-prophylactic hospitals and polyclinics. The staff could be taken from psychiatrists after reduction psychiatric beds which would pass a training for a new profession on corresponding faculties and chairs of psychotherapy of postgraduate education organizations.
645 – The Psychofenomenological Analisis of Psychotherapy Process in Integrative Model
Authors: Mykhaylov B.
Published: July 2013

Different methods of psychotherapy describe. The psychic phenomena during therapy process wary pure and subjective. We presumed suggestion, transfer, cognitive, behavioral, heschtalt phenomena ets. On the another hand, not “pure”, but integrative models of psychotherapy are most effective and useful in future. The integrative model of psychotherapy need absolutely another analysis of psychic phenomena in the process of therapy integration. On the analysis of 300 psychotherapy sessions by 105 psychosomatic and neurotic patients we consider the psychotherapeutic phenomenology definition.

“Normal” psychotherapeutic phenomenology (the clinical psychophenomenology) is viewed and systematized: the phenomena (“from the side) of a patient” (instrumental, sanogenic, defensive, mixed, intercurrent, auxiliary (portal, orientational, diagnostic) and other ones). Phenomena (“from the side) of the psychotherapeutist”: transpersonal phenomena, group phenomena, conformal (inductive) phenomena.

The clinical phenomenology of the psychotherapy is stated too: clinical psychotherapeutic effects-syndromes and their correlate-mechanisms (correlate-patterns); a developed typology is given.

The most important for the clinical practice issues of the diagnostics in the psychotherapy are raised and an idea about the psychotherapeutic diagnosis is formed for the first time. The procedure of the diagnostics (both the general psychodiagnostics and special diagnostic procedures) is set forth and commented.
646 – Psychopathological, Pathopsychological Peculiarities and Psychotherapy Correction of Suicidal Tendentious on Hypochondric Disturbances Patients
Authors: Mykhaylov B. , Kudinova O.
Published: July 2013

The contemporary tendention is the increase of hypohondia disorder in Ukraine. We have examined 105 patients on hypochondric disorder in the clinical psychopathologic structure the depressive syndrome with suicidal behavior was identified in 46 (46%) patients. The pathopsychology examination has been provided. Depending of patients motivation trends 3 different types of suicidal behavior were defected.

The psychopathological- based on pathopsychological mechanism of depressive self-evaluation.

The situation conducted based on conflict psychogenic situation of person.

Combined - with interference of psychopathological and situation factors.

The based investigation resultates the pathogenic model of suicidal behavior on hypochondric patients was performed. The main mechanism of same behavior model is a severe asimmetry of balance of importance and availability of general exist value, which maintains a intrapersonal conflict situation. The multimodal psychocorrection model, based on suggestive, rational and cognitive-behavioral therapy was developed with high efficacy in practice application.
648 – A Model Struggle
Authors: Varela S.
Published: July 2013

A.M.A.P., female, 20 years-old, Photography Model, natural from Covilhã - Portugal, resident at the same location.

Presented 4 weeks prior to diagnosis several times in the Emergency Room (ER) with recurrent and persistent vomiting, reduction of appetite and weight loss of approximately 7 kgs within the last month.

She was observed several times by Internal Medicine. Blood tests, abdominal ultrasound and upper GY endoscopy were performed and all came back negative, after which the patient was referred to Psychiatric ER.

At the time of examination, patient was well groomed and dressed, awake, alert, oriented to person, place and date. No observed abnormalities in terms of posture, gait or motor movement. Eye contact was good. Rapport seemed adequate. She answered questions spontaneously, although at slow rate and speed. She denied suicidal or homicidal ideations, auditory or visual hallucinations. There was no current evidence for formal thought disorder. Judgment and insight were deemed to be adequate at the time. Overall mood was moderated depressed with clear signs of anxiety and despair when speaking about her vomiting problem. Affect was full range and appropriate. She also mentioned initial insomnia since the past 2 weeks. She started on Omeprazol 20 mg daily, Domperidone 10 mg 30 minutes prior to the meals during the 1st 2 weeks, Mirtazapine 30 mg daily and Alprazolam 0.5 mg as anxiety SOS.

Patient was symptom free after 3 weeks of treatment and returned to her normal routine stabilized on Mirtazapina 30 mg daily attending Psychology and Psychiatry outpatient clinics.
649 – Desadaptive Disturbances and its Correction on Management Medial Stuff
Authors: Fedak B. , Shurma I.
Published: July 2013

The comporative assessment of the causes and types of adaption disturbances among management stuff of the medical care system was performed by the total examination of 450 doctors. 250 of them were directors and deputy directors of city hospitals, and 200 - directors and deputy directors of country-side hospitals.

The analysis of the structure of desadaptive disturbances in management medical staff was provided. 25% of all examined persons had burnout syndrome. 41% had different types of desadaptation. We described 6 types of them: asthenic, anxietydepressive, obsessive, somato-vegetatic, hypochoundryc, psychosomatic.

Personal related profiles, character accentuation options, emotional and motivational state of management staff with burnout syndrome and desadaptation syndromes are detected. Social functioning features in the examined groups are researched and identified.

We developed psychocorrection system for persons with the burnout syndrome and desadaptation syndromes based on an evaluation of its phenomenology and pathopsychological mechanisms of formation.

Systematic approach used in this research allowed justifying principles of pathogenic psychotherapeutic correction for medical staff with burnout syndrome. Aprobation of the proposed correction has proved its high efficiency in 80% of personnel.
654 – Anger Expression and Impulsivity in Conversion Disorder
Authors: Yenilmez Y. , Erten E. , Fistikci N. , Saatçioğ lu Ö. , Kıvrak Y.
Published: July 2013

The aim of the present study was to assess anger expression and impulsivity in conversion disorder patients with and without comorbid depression. Fifty-eight patients had been diagnosed with conversion disorder, according to the criteria of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, 4th edition (DSM-IV). All patients were evaluated with SCID-I. Fiftyseven age- and sex-matched healthy controls were evaluated with a Structured Clinical Interview (SCID-I/NP). Conversion disorder patients were subdivided into those with (n=26) and without (n = 32) depression. A sociodemographic data form, Hamilton Depression Rating Scale, Hamilton Anxiety Rating Scale, The State Trait Anger Scale and Barratt Impulsiveness Scale-11 were administered. There was found significant differences between conversion disorder patients and controls in trait anger (p< 0.01), internalized anger (p< 0.01), externalized anger (p< 0.05) and anger control (p< 0.05). All patients had more attentional impulsivity (p< 0.01), impulsive non-planning (p< 0.01) in terms of impulsivity, and higher scores on the BIS-11 (p< 0.01) than controls. No significant differences were found between conversion disorder patients with and without depression in anger expression except anger control (p< 0.05). As a conclusion, conversion disorder patients are similar to depression patients in terms of anger experience and impulsive characteristics, but different with regards to anger control and motor impulsivity.
656 – Comorbidity of Psychiatric Disorders in Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder
Authors: Sepehrmanesh Z. , Sarmast H.
Published: July 2013

Introduction:

ADHD is the pattern that includes lasting less attention or hyperactivity and impulsive behavior that is more severe than expected given the age and developmental level of the child. Recent studies were reported different prevalence of psychiatric disorders co morbidity with ADHD.

Aims:

This study evaluates the prevalence of psychiatric disorders comorbidity in children with ADHD admitted to Akhavan Hospital(Kashan-Iran).

Method:

In this cross-sectional study all children referred to child psychiatric Clinic (Akhavan Hospital 1389–1390) with diagnosis of ADHD were interviewed by child and adolescent psychiatrist for psychiatric comorbidity according to DSM-IV criteria. Data were analyzed by Chi-square and Fisher's exact tests.

Results:

200 children with attention deficit and hyperactivity disorder were studied. The mean age was 1.23 ± 7.35 years. 167 children (83.5%) had 5–9 years old .132(66%) were male. 107 (53.5%) had psychiatric disorder comorbidity. The highest comorbidities with attention deficit and hyperactivity disorder were OCD and then Enuresis and ODD respectively. The relation between sex, age and type of psychiatric dis comorbidity was Significant.

Conclusion:

Considering that the high prevalence of psychiatric disorders comorbidity such as OCD,Enuresis and ODD in childern with ADHD, Diagnosis and proper treatment of these disorders is necessary in this children. More studies is recommended for detection and proper treatment these psychiatric disorder comorbidities.
657 – Nurses' Exposure to Workplace Bullying and Ptsd Symptomology: The Protective Role of Intrapersonal Resources
Authors: Spence Laschinger H. , Nosko A. , Wong C.
Published: July 2013

Aim:

The aim of this study was to examine the relationship between nurses’ exposure to workplace bullying and PTSD symptomology and the protective role of intrapersonal resources (psychological capital).

Background:

Workplace bullying has serious organizational and health effects in healthcare which threaten the quality of patient care. Few studies have examined the relation of workplace bullying to serious mental health outcomes, such as PTSD. In addition, the buffering effect of intrapersonal resources to protect nurses from effects of workplace bullying has not been studied.

Method:

A provincial survey of hospital nurses (n = 1205) was conducted to study the relationship between workplace bullying and PTSD and whether intrapersonal resources (Psycap) influenced this relationship. Nurses completed 3 standardized measures of bullying, PTSD, and Psycap.

Results:

A moderated regression analysis revealed that more frequent exposure to workplace bullying was significantly related to PTSD symptomology (R2 = .38). Psycap was not a significant moderator. Bullying exposure and Psycap were significant independent predictors of PTSD symptoms (β = .52 and -.21, respectively).

Conclusions:

Workplace bullying appears to have a positive relationship with PTSD, a serious mental health outcome. This effect was not mitigated by Psycap, posited to be a protective against workplace stressors. This suggests that workplace bullying is a serious threat to nurses’ health requiring attention of hospital management.
659 – Facilitating Disclosure of Abuse by Reluctant Children: A Test of the Revised NICHD Protocol
Authors: Hershkowitz I.
Published: July 2013

Introduction:

Professional guidelines for forensic interviews of children have emphasized cognitive factors associated with children's memory retrieval and paid less attention to the emotional factors that may inhibit the cooperativeness of reluctant interviewees.

Objectives:

The current study explored whether an additional focus on rapport-building altered the dynamics of interviews with alleged victims of intra-familial abuse, and increased abuse disclosures.

Methods:

426 4- to 13-year-old suspected victims of intra-familial abuse were interviewed using either the NICHD Investigative Interview Standard Protocol (SP) or a Revised Protocol (RP) designed to enhance rapport between the child and interviewer.

Results:

Children were more likely to make valid (corroborated) allegations of abuse when the RP was employed, with variation according to age, gender and prior disclosure. Similar patterns were evident in a larger sample of 1424 which included non-corroborated cases.

Subsequent analyses focusing on a subset of interviews (n=200) were designed to explore differences in the dynamics of the interviews using the SP or RP which may account for the increase of allegation rates using the RP.

Methods:

The interviews were coded to identify expressions of the interviewers’ support and the children's reluctance and uncooperativeness in the pre-substantive portions of the interviews.

Results:

As expected, RP interviews contained more supportive comments and fewer unsupportive comments. Children interviewed in this way showed reduced reluctance, with remarkably fewer expressions of resistance and denial but also fewer omissions.

Conclusions:

Focus on rapport-building altered the interview dynamics, rendering reluctant children more cooperative and more likely to disclose their abuse.
662 – The Effects of Teaching Brief Intervention on Attitudes of Healthcare Workers Towards Patients with Alcohol Problems in a General Hospital Setting
Authors: Lui Y.S. , Salikin Y.C. , Winslow R.M.
Published: July 2013

The study investigates how teaching healthcare workers brief-intervention changes their attitudes. Evidence shows that negative therapeutic attitudes hinder implementation of best practice.

The attitudes are measured by AAPPQ, ABS and SPATR in this randomised controlled trial. The sample was randomised into 2 arms (control and intervention) and followed up after 9 months. The intervention group consisted 2 interventions namely teaching ASSIST and distributing alcohol brochures for self-learning. Pre- and post-intervention measurements were analysed using the Student's T-test with a change of 20% taken to be statistically significant at p-value of < 0.05.

The pre- and post-intervention sample comprised mainly Chinese female staff-nurses who worked less than 5 years and had no training in brief-interventions. Before intervention, the sample was neutral in their attitudes and adopted a disease model of belief towards alcohol problems. Following intervention, the sample showed positive changes in their therapeutic attitudes with the ASSIST sub-group achieving a statistically significant positive shift in both the score of Role-Adequacy and Role- Legitimacy. The sample also adopted a free-will model of belief after intervention. The ASSIST sub-group reported the greatest shift of 76.3% (p< 0.05). The ASSIST intervention sub-group became more aware about the availability of counseling materials and training programs for early-interventions.

Teaching brief-interventions made positive changes to the therapeutic attitudes of healthcare workers with more robust effects from teaching ASSIST. A shift in the model of belief may indicate stigma and denial of the presence of alcohol problem and this may warrant continuous research and work in this area.
665 – Prevalence of Mental Disorder in General Physicians of Emergency Wards
Authors: Sepehrmanesh Z. , Sarmast H.
Published: July 2013

Introduction:

General physicians (GPs) have essential role in patient care and are exposed to high levels of job stress. GPs mental health affect on their functional ability and their medical management.

Aims:

This study was carried out to evaluate the prevalence of GPs mental health in emergency wards in kashan university of medical sciences (IRAN).

Method:

In this cross-sectional study, all of GPs in emergency wards include 90 subjects were studied. Survey instruments were two questionnaires:

1- demographic variables and

2- General Health Questionnaire (GHQ-28).

Data were analyzed by using spss soft ware and chi square, fisher- exact, mann-whitney statistical tests.

Results:

The mean age of GPs was 36.11±5.67. 89.7% of them were married, 60.3%were male. In the study 41% GPs had mental health problem. The mean score of GHQ was 22.56±9.24.There was significant relation between mental health and age, employment situation and number of child. (p< 0.05).older physicians had better mental health than younger physicians. There was significant relation between employment situation with anxiety and somatic symptom. (p=0.017). (p=0.03) There wasn’t a significant relation between mental health and sex and marital status. (p>0.05).

Conclusion:

The results indicated that significant rate of GPs of emergency wards had mental disorder. Then further attention should be given to the mental health of general physicians in emergency wards by mental health providers for decreasing medical mismanage and mortality.
670 – ADHD Symptoms: Relation to Omega 3 Serum Levels before and after Supplementation
Authors: Effat S. , Mohamed N. , Hussein H. , Azzam H. , Gouda A. , Hassan H.
Published: July 2013

Introduction:

There has been a continued debate in the last decade about the possible role of polyunsaturated fatty acids especially omega-3 fatty acids in attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) either as a causative factor - on deficiency - or as a treatment.

Aim:

To compare omega-3 fatty acids status in children with ADHD to normal children and to study the efficacy of high dose supplementations of fatty acids on symptoms of ADHD.

Subjects & methods:

40 children diagnosed with ADHD combined type and another 40 normally developing as a control group. All patients were subjected to Mini International Neuropsychiatric Interview for Children, IQ assessment,.Conners' Parent Rating Scale-Revised long version (CPRS-R-L), Vigil continuous performance test. The patients were prescribed omega-3 fatty acid supplement daily dose of 900 mg EPA and 600 mg DHA for 3 months. After end of the 3 months these children were assessed again using the Conners' parent rating scale-revised and Vigil continuous performance test.

Results:

Significantly lower levels of EPA and DHA in ADHD group compared to normal control inverse correlation between DHA on one side and Conner's ADHD index; inattentive subtest and total DSMIV indexed on the other side Conners’ ADHD index subscale there was a statistically significant improvement following the treatment.

Conclusion:

Low levels of omega 3 may contribute to the symptoms of ADHD. Supplementing omega 3 in the treatment of ADHD could be a useful add on tratment specially in cases demonstrating low serum levels.
689 – Prevalence of ADHD in a French Community Sample of 1,171 Adults: Results from the Chip-ARD Study
Authors: Caci H. , Morin A.J.S. , Bouchez J. , Baylé F.J.
Published: July 2013

Introduction:

Attention Deficit-Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) is common in childhood (affecting about 5% of children) and persists into adulthood up to 80% of the time. As a result, up to 3.5% of adults may have ADHD, which much higher rates in parents of children referred for ADHD, as heredity plays a role in ADHD. Thus, screening ADHD in adults is relevant in psychiatric and public health practice. The Adult ADHD Symptom Rating Scale (ASRS) was specifically developed for this reason by the World Health Organisation and translated into many languages, including French.

Aims:

This study aims to estimate the prevalence rates of ADHD in a community sample of French adults, a population where no valid estimates are currently available.

Methods:

A total of 1,171 adults were asked to rate their behaviours on the ASRS. The total score on the first six items is used as a screener, and the total score of the full set of 18 items is used for adults scoring in the clinically significant zone on the screener (i.e. two-stage algorithm). Maximum-likelihood prevalence rates were estimated in the entire sample and in gender (men vs. women) and age (below and above 43 years-old) subgroups.

Results:

The 6-item screener score suggests that 11.27% of participants (10.59% for females, 12.16% for males, 10.66% for younger adults, 12.16% for older ones). The two-stage algorithm suggests that 2.99% of participants (2.57%/3.53% for females/males, 2.16%/4.19% for younger/older adults) present clinical levels of ADHD, which is the rate commonly reported in other countries.
693 – Critical Approach to Dimensional Models of Personality in DSM-V
Authors: López-Santín J.M. , Molins Galvez F.
Published: July 2013

Introduction:

In past years, research in personality disorders has been mainly focused on dimensional models based in statistical methods like factorial analysis. Some different factors have been proposed lately, but most of these developed models seem to accept a model of four or five proposals. However, clinical and research groups disagree in the inclusion of these models in DSM-V.Our aim is to discuss some epistemological questions in dimensional models of personality.

Methods:

A critical review of dimensional models of personality and their limitations from a hermeneutical perspective is presented.

Results:

Three main limitations in dimensional models of personality disorders have been reported:

Mental states and behaviour are de-contextualized, so subjectivity (which is responsible for its relevance), is neglected.

Temporal dimension of human behaviour is lost, so there is a narrow understanding of subjectivity.

An blind epistemological priority is given to first person perspective.

The hermeneutic approach takes into account these limitations and can, certainly, be very helpful with our daily work. Some questions it develops are:

The other's subjectivity is out of reach. Our relation with the other is ethical rather than epistemological

Subject-Environment interdependence

Time as an existential dimension of subjectivity

Conclusions:

The epistemological assumptions of dimensional models based on statistical factors have important limitations so they can not be useful for clinical purposes.Using the bases of hermeneutical philosophy of the twentieth century, some psychiatrists (Stanghellini, Ramos and Rejón) re-introduce the subjectivity question and open a broader field to our daily work.
703 – Methylphenidate Abuse among Icelandic I.V. Substance Abusers
Authors: Bjarnadottir G.D. , Rafnar B.O. , Sigurdsson E. , Steingrimsson S. , Bragadottir H. , Haraldsson M. , Magnusson A.
Published: July 2013

Background:

Prescription and sale of Methylphenidate (MPD) has increased sharply in Iceland in recent years as it has done worldwide. MPD is known to have abuse potential but significant i.v. use of prescription stimulants has not been reported in the literature. Clinical experience however has indicated that such i.v. use has now become very prevalent in Iceland.

Aim:

To investigate the prevalence, pattern and symptoms of i.v. MPD abuse in Iceland.

Method:

The study is cross-sectional in design. The study tool is a semi-structured interview designed especially for the purpose of this study. All substance abusers admitted to drug treatment in Iceland who have used substances i.v. in the past 30 days, are offered to participate in the study. The aim is to include 150 individuals.

Result:

The study is in its preliminary stage. First results show that MPD is now the most commonly abused i.v. drug in Iceland, 85% of the sample admitted to using MPD i.v. in the past 30 days. Methylphenidate is preferred by i.v. substance abusers over illegal stimulants.

Conclusion:

Our preliminary data shows that MPD abuse is a very prevalent problem in Iceland. It is the most commonly abused i.v. drug in Iceland at present. It is important to objectively verify and characterize the pattern of MPD abuse as to evaluate the complications associated with i.v. use of MPD. Increased knowledge of this problem is necessary both for Iceland as well as other countries.
712 – A Longitudinal MRI Study of Hippocampal Subfields Volume Alteration in Posttraumatic Stress Disorder Following Traffic Accidents
Authors: Wang Z. , Zhou Y. , Su S. , Xu J. , Xiao Z.
Published: July 2013

The majority of neuroimaging studies reported smaller hippocampal volumes in patients with posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD). Our previous study found that PTSD is associated with selective volume loss of the CA3/dentate gyrus subfields However, the causality of smaller hippocampal volumes and PTSD cannot be determined in these studies because of the cross-sectional nature of them. The purpose of this longitudinal study was to determine if PTSD caused hippocampal subfields volume loss following traffic accidents. Volumes of hippocampal subfields in thirty seven traffic accident survivors were measured using 3T MRI in one week after accident, and twenty five of them completed one year follow-up MRI scan. Fourteen participants met the PTSD diagnosis in one year follow-up while other eleven did not met PTSD diagnosis criteria. PTSD was significantly associated with volumes reduction of CA3/dentate gyrus subfield (β=0.244 p=0.017) while other subfields were spared. It also shown volume loses of Entorhinal Cortex (ERC) of both side in one year follow-up for the whole sample (mean volume reduction: right 19.25mm3, left 22.04 mm3). But no association has been found between PTSD and ERC volume alteration. The findings indicate for the first time in humans that selective volume loss of the CA3/dentate gyrus subfields is the results but not the risk factor of PTSD. It also suggested that ERC may also be a stress sensitive region.
Application of Reiki on Depression in Nursing: A Literature Review
Authors: Yu W.M.
Published: July 2013

Introduction:

Depression is a growing global mental problem which affects an individual's physical, psychological and social functioning. Reiki, a complementary and alternative therapy which activates the natural healing abilities of body and enhances the growth of psycho-spirituality of an individual, is increasingly used by health care professionals to help clients suffering from depression. Studies showed that Reiki had a positive impact to improve the mood and emotion of depressive clients.

Objectives:

To assess the application of Reiki on depression in nursing.

Aims:

To review literatures on application of Reiki on depression in nursing.

Methods:

Databases of CINAHL and MEDLINE between 2000 and 2012 were searched using keywords of ‘Reiki’, ‘depression’ and ‘nursing’.

Results:

Three studies were found and relevant to the keywords. An experimental study was performed on older adults which revealed a significant reduction in depressive symptoms when compared with the control group without Reiki treatment. Two randomized clinical trials with control groups performed in community also had found an improvement of depressive symptoms, hopelessness, and stress in treatment, of which one of them had showed the continuity of Reiki effect lasted for a year.

Conclusions:

Since evidences showed a positive impact of Reiki on depressive clients, it is suggested to perform Reiki treatment by nurses as an adjuvant therapy on depressive clients. Study on the application and effectiveness of Reiki is recommended so as to review the outcome and establish an evidence base for Reiki in nursing practice.
717 – Clinical Measures Trump Neurocognition in Predicting Long-term Outcome for Adolescents at Ultra-high Risk for Psychosis
Authors: Ziermans T. , de Wit S. , Schothorst P. , Sprong M. , van Engeland H. , Kahn R. , Durston S.
Published: July 2013

Background:

Most studies aiming to predict transition to psychosis for individuals at ultra-high risk (UHR) have focused on either neurocognitive or clinical variables and have made little effort to combine the two. We aimed to investigate the relative value of neurocognitive and clinical variables for predicting transition to psychosis as well as long-term functional outcome.

Methods:

Sixty-seven adolescents at UHR and 72 controls completed an extensive clinical and neurocognitive assessment. Forty-three UHR individuals and 47 controls participated in long-term follow-up approximately six years later. UHR adolescents who had converted to psychosis (UHR-P) were compared to individuals who had not (UHR-NP) and controls on clinical and neurocognitive variables. Regression analyses were performed to determine which baseline measures best predicted transition to psychosis and long-term functional outcome for UHR individuals.

Results:

Low IQ was the single neurocognitive parameter that discriminated UHR-P individuals from UHR-NP individuals and controls. The severity of attenuated positive symptoms was the only significant predictor of a transition to psychosis and disorganized symptoms were highly predictive of functional outcome.

Conclusions:

IQ was lowest for those individuals at ultra high risk for psychosis who later went on to have a psychotic episode. However, IQ was not a good predictor of either transition or functional outcome. Rather, clinical measures proved to be the most important vulnerability markers for long-term outcome.
718 – Characteristics of the Inpatient Population and Care Received at the Bwaila District Hospital Psychiatric Unit in Lilongwe, Malawi
Authors: Barnett B. , Ball L. , Kusunzi V. , Magola L. , Hosseinipour M.
Published: July 2013

Introduction:

Despite the high burden of mental illness worldwide, psychiatric studies in sub-Saharan Africa are sparse. Few have been conducted in Malawi and little information exists about inpatient psychiatric populations within the country.

Objectives:

To describe the spectrum of psychiatric diagnoses and treatment courses of patients admitted to Bwaila Hospital (BH), the inpatient psychiatric unit for the central region of the country.

Methods:

We reviewed medical records of all patients admitted to BH in 2011 and extracted information about demographics, diagnoses, treatments and outcomes.

Results:

Inpatient care was provided to 457 patients. Patients had a mean age of 30 years and 298 (67%) were male. 258 (56%) had a known psychiatric diagnosis and 222 (49%) had been hospitalized for psychiatric care previously. The most common diagnoses were primary psychotic disorder (360), alcohol dependence (96) and mood disorder (37). The most common precipitating cause for admission was medication non-adherence (132), mostly in patients with psychotic disorders. The average length of presenting symptoms was 7 days, average length of stay was 21 days, and most commonly used treatments were chlorpromazine, diazepam, fluphenazine and carbamazepine. Outcomes included stabilization/release (308), transfer to another facility (75), removal by family against medical advice (40), abscondment (25) and death (7), which was mostly due to alcohol withdrawal.

Conclusions:

Primary psychotic disorders and alcohol dependence are the most common reasons for inpatient psychiatric hospitalization at BH. Efforts to increase medication adherence in patients and emphasize the risks of alcohol consumption may lead to decreased psychiatric hospitalizations within Malawi.