bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
KAJIAN EMOSIONALISME DAN EGOISME DALAM NOVEL PEMIMPIN YANG TELANJANG KARYA SALLY MACKENZIE
Authors: Puti Ayu Oktarina , ARMARIENA DIAN NUZULIA
Published: January 2020

Masalah dalam penelitian ini adalah bagaimanakah emosionalisme dan egoisme dalam novel Pemimpin yang Telanjang karya Sally Mackenzie.Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mendeskripsikan kajian emosionalisme dan egoisme dalam karya sastra novel.Metode yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah metode deskriptif.Sumber data penelitian ini adalah novel Pemimpin yang Telanjang karya Sally Mackenzie diterbitkan oleh PT Elex Media Komputindo di Jakarta, terbit bulan September 2017.Teknik pengumpulan data dalam penelitian iniadalah teknik dokumentasi.Teknik analisis data dalam penelitian ini adalah teknik analisis isi. Hasil penelitian dan pembahasan dalam novelPemimpin yang Telanjang karya Sally Mackenzie, terdapat hasil analisis struktural meliputi tema, alur, latar tempat, latar waktu, sudut pandang, amanat dan gaya bahasa. Hasil analisis emosionalisme yang meliputi rasa sedih, rasa marah, rasa sakit hati dan kecewa dan rasa bahagia pada tokoh Sarah, James dan Richard.Hasil analisis egoisme meliputi bagaimanakah seseorang mengalami dirinya sebagai dirinya sendiri, bagaimana seseorang berfikir mengetahui dirinya sendiri, bagaimanakah seseorang menilai dirinya sendiri, bagaimanakah seseorang berusaha dengan berbagai cara untuk menyempurnakan dan mempertahankan dirinya.
KETIDAKEFEKTIFAN KALIMAT DALAM ACARA TALK SHOW ROSI EPISODE POLITIK KEBOHONGAN DAN POLITISI SONTOLOYO DI KOMPAS TV
Authors: Rachman Anita Kurnia
Published: January 2020

The study entitles Ineffectiveness of Sentences in Rosi’s Talk Show for episode of Lies Politics and Sontoloyo Politician on Kompas TV has two research focuses, the first focus is to discuss ineffective sentence that are limited to the form of unity and efficiency. The second focus is concerning to the causes of the ineffectiveness on sentences which are limited to contaminant factors, pleonasms and cognitive errors. The method used in this research is qualitative descriptive method because the researcher thoroughly describes ineffective sentences forms and cause factors on ineffectiveness sentences. The object selected in the study is the Rosi’s Talk Show in Politics of Lies and Sontoloyo Politicians’ Episode on Kompas TV. The researcher takes the research data in ineffective sentences through transcripts of conversations between speakers and host. The result of study shows that in Rosi’s Talk Show in Politics of Lies and Sontoloyo Politicians’ Episode in Kompas TV found ineffective sentences in the form unity and effeciency. Unity is shown by the data with no subject and predicates. Effeciency sentences are indicated by finding data of sentences with double subjects. Based on the cause factors of ineffectiveness sentences, it was found a sentence containing contamination, pleonasms, and cognitive errors. The contamination in the sentence is indicated by the data finding of a sentence that has an irregular and chaotic structure. The pleonasm in a sentence is indicated by the data finding of a sentence with excessive words. The cognitive errors in sentences are indicated by finding data of sentences that do not show a logical meaning relationship.
ASPEK MORAL PADA NOVEL DILAN 1990 KARYA PIDI BAIQ (KAJIAN SOSIOLOGI SASTRA)
Authors: Diantari Pipit , Maisaroh Siti
Published: January 2020

Society as social creature is able to live interacting and able to adjust good and bad behavior based on the condition of their social environment. The theory of sociology is as a form of understanding of good and bad human behavior. Like this study, in order to reach the research object that it is necessary to use the deepening of the literary sociology theory.This studytakes novel as object that aims to facilitate researcher doing on research by referring to indicator of the moral aspect which exist in the focus of the research in Dilan 1990 novel: (1) human relation with oneself and (2) human relation with other. This study is descriptive qualitative study. The subject of this study is Dilan 1990 novel by Pidi Baiq. This study is focused on issues relates to the moral aspect with theliterary sociology study. The data used is in the form of word and written sentence (Text) that exists in Dilan 1990 novel. Data research procedures are done through reading, coding, collecting, description, analysis, and data conclusion. The result shows that there are moral valuesin Dilan 1990 novel by Pidi Baiq relates to: (1) human relation with oneself which includes: responsibility and emotional, (2) human relation with other which includes: discipline, crime, love, and caring or empathy.
SIMBOLISASI DALAM NOVEL SANG ALKEMIS KARYA PAULO QUELHO
Authors: Maruti Endang
Published: January 2020

The research aims to uncover the symbols in the novel The Alchemist and to gain knowledge about the moral teachings in the symbol. This research is descriptive qualitative approach. Data sources in this study are words, phrases or sentences in the novel Alchemist. Data collection method is a literature study method with note taking technique. Data were analyzed using description and content analysis methods. The results showed that the novel The Alchemist contained many symbols. These symbols include: (1) wise parents, who symbolize both negative and positive things. From his appearance, parents can symbolize something bad, but behind his old age he symbolizes a knowledge that is very much and wise; (2) stones that symbolize something hard, not easily broken, and can provide clues to something; and (3) deserts or deserts which can be interpreted as symbols of drought, aridity, unattractiveness, emptiness, despair, determination for ignorance, and also as symbols of devotion.
Characteristics of the microscopic hair structure of domestic mammals from Equidae family
Authors: Pikhtirova A. V. , Ivchenko V. D. , Shkromada O. I.
Published: January 2020

Hair is an indispensable component of the animal body. Having structural features of the structure, it allows you likely to identify the type and age of animals, conditions of keeping animals, feeding and even sex. Paleontologist's findings  prove, the hairline stores the undisputed information on its “owner” for thousands of years. According to the results of the conducted research it is established, that the hair coat of the studied animal species – Equinus asinus and Equus caballus – has significant differences in the structure of the brain substance and superficial drawing of the cuticle. Microscopic examination of discolored samples of animal hair well-recognizes the structure of the brain substance, which makes it possible to differentiate the species of animal. The brain substance in the donkey mane hair occupies most of the hair, is represented by densely grouped cells, sometimes interrupted, whereas in the horse mane hair, it has the appearance of grouped rounded cells with small intervals between sections of 6–10 cells. The brain substance of the donkey covering hair is represented by cells of different size and shape, which disappear from the middle of the hair to the peripheral end. This tendency is also typical for the brain substance of the horse covering hair, but unlike donkey hair – cells of the same size, begin with a continuous cord at a distance of 1–1.5 mm from the root of the hair, towards the peripheral end of the hair the gaps between them increase to the complete disappearance of cells. Ultramicroscopic examination of the cuticle superficial drawing of hair samples allowed to establish the peculiarities of two species of the same animal genus. The donkey and horse mane hair had almost the same thickness, the number of scales (waves) per 100 μm of hair length and the size of the scales (wavelength), however, the overall drawing was significantly different. Superficial drawing of hair cuticle from horse mane represented by irregular waves with sharp pointed edges of scales, instead, the donkey has fringed edges of scales. The horse's covering hair was thicker than the donkey's hair and had differences in the location and shape of the scales. Superficial drawing of covering hair cuticle of donkey represented by a regular wave of scales with clear and even edges, while the scales on the surface of the covering hair of the horse have indistinct torn edges and collected in intermittent (irregular) waves.
Morphofunctional changes in the heart and lung tissues of dogs for isoniazid poisoning
Authors: Kotsiumbas H. I. , Vretsona N. P.
Published: January 2020

The article presents the results of macroscopic, histological and histochemical studies of the heart and lungs of dogs for isoniazid poisoning. A pathoanatomical section of 19 carcasses of dogs of different ages and breeds was performed; heart and lung fragments were selected for morphological examination. Heart and lung samples were fixed in 10 % aqueous formalin neutral solution, Carnua and Buen fluids. Dehydration was carried out in ethanol of increasing concentration and embedded in paraffin. The sections were made on a MC-2 microtome 7 μm thick, stained with hematoxylin and eosin, using the McManus and Brasche technique. Made histopreparations were examined under a Leica DM 2500 light microscope (Switzerland), photo-fixation was performed with a Leica DFC450C using Leica Application Suite Version 4.4 software. The results of morphohistochemical studies have shown that in acute poisoning of dogs with isoniazid  in the heart prevailed acute disorders of the vascular circulation, manifested by a sharp expansion and destruction of the walls of the venous vessels, plasmorrhagia, microtromb of the capillaries and spasm of the arterioles, which led to the development of swelling, caused acute decrease of protein synthesation function of muscle fibers and dystrophic-necrobiotic changes of cardiomyocytes. It was noted, in the lungs of dogs on the background of acute congestive hyperemia, diapedesis of erythrocytes and accumulation of transudate in the lumen of the alveoli, foci of emphysema and bronchiectasis with rupture of the epithelial layer of the mucous membrane, elastic skeleton and muscular tubules of bronchial tubules that indicated the violation of gas exchange and the development of anoxemia. It is known that spontaneous isoniazid poisoning in dogs leads to an acute course and often fatal consequences. In the comprehensive study of the effects of chemicals on the body, and in particular isoniazid on the body of dogs, toxicological and pathomorphological studies are of great importance. The use of morphological and histochemical methods will reveal some of the mechanisms of intoxication.
Zoohygienic and economic aspects of construction and operation of the average complex for the conservation of wild haves
Authors: Pepko V. O. , Velesik T. A. , Sachuk R. M. , Mandigra Yu. M. , Zhigalyuk S. V.
Published: January 2020

The formation and development of a market-based management system for hunting in Ukraine require fundamentally new approaches to the organization of business management. The practical implementation of any commercial project is significantly complicated without a previously developed zoo-hygienically and economically sound business plan. The purpose of the study was to improve measures for the organization and operation of the aviary complex for the maintenance and breeding of wild ungulates. The work used sanitary-hygienic methods of scientific research, in addition applied theoretical analysis of scientific literary sources, synthesis, generalization, comparison, concretization. According to the results of the research on the basis of zoohygienic norms and economic calculations, the project of organization and development of the aviation complex “Hunting farm “Polisske-Sarny” is located near the village. Terrible of Sarnensky District on the lands of the State Forest Fund of Strashevsky Forestry of SE Sarnenskoye Forestry. The area of the enclosure is 146.7 ha, which is divided into 4 contours to hold the fallow deer, red deer, wild boar and European mouflon. Proposed measures for construction and operation of the aviary complex for keeping wild ungulates (fallow deer and mouflon European, as well as wild boar and red deer), owned by the Polisske-Sarny Hunting Enterprise. The total amount of capital investments for the creation of a cage for the maintenance of wild animals, including the cost of construction, purchase of livestock breeders is from 1337.1 thousand UAH. Due to the sale of animals to other farms, you can receive from 280–320 thousand UAH income per year. Taking into account the initial investments for the establishment of the aviary complex, the payback period is 3 years.
The moral code of the empire. Book Review: Rees-Mogg J. The Victorians: Twelve Titans who Forged Britain. L., 2019.
Authors: KRUTIKOV Anton
Published: January 2020

Review of the book by British politician Jacob Rees-Mogg, published on the occasion of Queen Victoria’s 200th anniversary and presenting biographical essays on 12 eminent Victorian politicians. The Victorians, who forged British power in the 19th century, are declared bearers of high moral principles, while their stories act as a manifesto of modern British conservatives and Eurosceptics. The book’s relevance is determined not by the author’s approach to the role of Victorians, but by numerous allusions to actual circumstances, turning the reader’s mind to the historical choice faced by Great Britain in the context of Brexit.
The USSR’s Geopolitical Interests, Problem of Sovietization of Eastern Europe and Soviet–Polish relations (the 1940s)
Authors: NOSKOVA Albina
Published: January 2020

The article analyzes, in the geopolitical context, the Soviet policy towards Poland during the Second World War and the first post-war years. The struggle of Soviet diplomacy for the future mutual security of the USSR and Poland is presented as well as differing perceptions of interests, geopolitical role, allies and borders of the two countries and unequal possibilities of their implementation. The author demonstrates that the Soviet concept of the time and the USSR role as guarantor of Poland’s security and borders did not assume the sovietization of its social order, but the elimination of anti-Soviet forces and power sharing between communists and democrats.
Common Variable Immunodeficiency Presenting with Recurrent Ascending Cholangitis Treated with Oral Immunoglobulins
Authors: Rowane Marija , Patel Jaimin , Abraham Tina , Schend Jason , Hostoffer Robert
Published: January 2020

Background: Common variable immunodeficiency (CVID) is a heterogeneous group of primary immune deficiency disorders that may be characterized by heightened susceptibility to gastrointestinal (GI) infection. GI conditions manifest in 20 to 50% of CVID patients but rarely include cholangitis.

Methods/Results: This is a 61-year-old female, with a history of cholecystectomy and gastric bypass, who presented with recurrent ascending cholangitis for eight years. After a hepaticojejunostomy to correct a bile duct stricture complication from the cholecystectomy, ascending cholangitis was diagnosed by clinical presentation of fever and right upper quadrant pain and imaging revealing pneumobilia. CVID was diagnosed after no response to pneumococcal polysaccharide vaccine, as well as serum IgA and IgG measured below the normal ranges. The patient was prescribed a successful, weekly regimen of 15 g of oral intravenous immunoglobulin (IVIG) ten percent liquid (Gammaplex® 10%, 5 gm/50 mL).

Conclusion: Oral human IVIG is a novel treatment and has been infrequently utilized for management of chronic rotavirus, necrotizing enterocolitis, diarrhea, HIV enteropathy, irritable bowel syndrome, and malnutrition. This is the first case of recurrent ascending cholangitis as the primary manifestation of CVID, as well as successful treatment of this condition with oral IVIG, in the literature.
Design strategies for exploring and bridging: Intersections of everyday life and decision-making for sustainability
Authors: HASSELQVIST Hanna , HESSELGREN Mia , SOPJANI Liridona
Published: January 2020

Transitions of unsustainable everyday practices into more sustainable ones require new approaches to explore possible futures and encourage change. Trying new practices and experiencing alternative configurations of socio-material assemblages can increase reflexivity as well as assist in exploring potential futures. Design can assist in co-creating possible futures and bridging discussions about the preferred strategies to reach them. If sustainability is defined as an on-going process calling for dialogue, there could be potentials for using practice-based design research, and in particular co-design approaches, at the intersections of these dialogues. By analysing methods for reflexivity and collaboration in two design research projects within sustainable mobility, we here suggest design strategies for prototyping change at an individual level and communicating the experiences of such change to people with power to trigger and direct change. This may be particularly useful for addressing sustainability which both requires dealing with complex problems and extensive collaboration.
Effects of atmospheric variables on children during shopping activity
Authors: YIN Yuanyuan , RUSMAN Mohd Shahril , DHILLON Yasmin Sekhona
Published: January 2020

Although children are recognised as an important market segment, research on how children feel, perceive and experience shopping environment is still very limited. This study developed a conceptual framework of children shopping experience based on a review of 20 years of related research on how shopping atmospheric variables affect children aged between three to seven years old during their shopping journey. These articles are sourced from well-known academic databases including “Sage Publications”, “Emerald Insight”, and “Elsevier”. The conceptual framework explains how atmospheric variables influence children shopping experience from four perspectives: the role of children during shopping, act and response towards the shopping variables, variables as an agent of socialization and response from parents. Specific sub-level factors have also been summarised under each category for retail managers and designers to consider when designing a shopping atmosphere for this specific target customer.
Gamification of the Customer Journey at a Ski Resort
Authors: IHAMÄKI Pirita , HELJAKKA Katriin
Published: January 2020

This paper explores the enhancement of the customer journey at a Finnish ski resort and aims to create a theoretical framework for using gamification in the service design process. We have used the service design method and design tool Comicubes as a solution prototype, which ski resort workers engaged with to create a new gamified concept for its target consumers. The customer journey map provides a structured visualisation of a user’s experience at a ski resort. The customer journey enhanced through gamification creates a value-creating system for the ski resort, which presents the network of actors and their relationships that jointly create an offering. This study presents the results of a service design process for a customer journey, which goes through four stages presented in new play theory, namely wow, flow, double-flow and glow. These stages guide the designers and developers using gamification to give customers an overall more interactive and engaging experience in a real ski resort context.
The design capabilities of dynamic teams pursuing innovation in an academic context
Authors: COULSON Saskia , WOODS Mel
Published: January 2020

Design research is moving beyond the study of industry based practices and towards the stewardship of design-led innovation for business development and economic growth. To this end, it is now required to evidence the benefits it creates. To examine these notions further this paper presents an approach for design-led innovation within an academic context. The authors build on the concept of design capabilities to develop a framework of evaluation that provides a platform for which the impact and value of design to industry and the formation of diverse teams can be critically discussed. Furthermore, this study contributes to the burgeoning cognisance of design capabilities as a means to understand value, by indicating potential pathways towards yet further application of design research in the industry context. It closes with reflections and reveals how lessons from this study can contribute to future of university-industry partnership working.
A model of service design elements to understand innovative service processes
Authors: RIEPLE Alison , LASSILA Sirpa , ENNIS Caroline
Published: January 2020

This paper aims to provide an understanding of innovative service design processes by comparing service design logic with the entrepreneurial logics of causation, effectuation and bricolage (CEB). The paper draws upon empirical data to show how both service design logic and entrepreneurship logics may help us to create more innovative service design outcomes. In this process, we hope to understand how the creation of value enters into the service innovation process through co-creation between customers, organisations, ecosystem members and society. Data used within this paper includes deep qualitative interviews with key stakeholders, written documents and participative observation. From our analysis, we develop a model of service innovation design that shows how design logics and entrepreneurial logics influence the development of new and innovative services.
The role of inner values to teamwork during design for social innovation
Authors: YOUNG Robert , VYAS Pratik
Published: January 2020

Professionals can increase their performance by improved actions but true change occurs when the underlying ‘inner values’ change. Applying a design process while working in teams during social innovation projects also requires certain ‘inner values’. Schön (1983) suggested reflection as a way to improve professional practice by challenging and changing the underlying value system. Various literature identifies different inner values, which are considered important for teamwork during design for social innovation (DfSI), however this is not systematic, evidence-based research. This paper presents such a study conducted in this context.

Firstly, this study presents a review of key literature, which leads to a list of inner values considered important by authors for DfSI. Secondly, a survey method collected quantitative and qualitative data from 29 expert design practitioners who reflected on their teamwork experience during DfSI. The survey showed that most experts apply the list of inner values from literature, yet their understanding demonstrates a variety of interpretation and application, leading to more questions than answers and revealing the complexity of DfSI. The survey also found that whilst many inner values play an important role, the trade-off between them is essential, requiring wisdom and balance by the designer.
Influence of design to implement a thermographic device for preventing diabetic foot ulceration
Authors: AVILA-MORENO Monica , VALENCIA-HERNANDEZ Jose Omar , MORALES-HERNANDEZ Luis Alberto
Published: January 2020

The term Design Thinking highlighted the importance of design as a creative tool in promoting effective innovation; its importance has been increasing in academia as in business. Thus, today design is a more recent area of investigation whose main requirements define the limits and perspectives according to theory. In practice, it is necessary to establish the differentiation of values and innovations that make the object of study desirable. This article aims to show that the Universidad Autónoma de Querétaro’s (UAQ) design-led thermal camera research and development, encourages collaboration between researchers, engineers and designers to implement this technology in a medical device whose goal is to prevent the formation of ulcers in patients with diabetic foot. The concepts applied to reach the goal are "Radical change of meaning" and "Interpreters" of the Design-Driven Innovation and the adoption of the method called “Asignification” developed in Germany by The Dark Horse design studio.
Exploring articulations of Design Activism
Authors: BOHEMIA Erik , ZAJZON Noémi , PRENDEVILLE Sharon
Published: January 2020

Discussions on design activism generously embrace the activist ethos of designers, but are inconsistent in articulating how design activism makes a difference in relation to the various socially engaged design approaches generated. Committed to critically and transformationally engage with progressive socio-economic and political problems, the activist designer creates forms and situations within social processes. By mapping the fields of knowledge and concepts on which design activism draws, the paper attempts to bring an understanding of what informs Design Activism actions beyond the neoliberal paradigm. Drawing on the emerging discussions on design activism, the paper brings together articulations of design activism from scholars and design collectives to foreground the foundation for a more coherent understanding of design activism and a constructive dialogue within its community.
An exploratory study of older customers’ holistic supermarket shopping experience in China
Authors: SONG Qiu , YIN Yuanyuan , RANCHHOD Ashok
Published: January 2020

This research investigated difficulties and challenges that older customers face in a supermarket environment in China, so as to understand the way in which the supermarket environment and service can improve older customers’ shopping experience. An ethnographic user study, which combines video-based direct observations, in-depth interviews and a cultural probe information gathering pack, has been employed to explore Chinese older customers’ supermarket shopping experience. 30 Chinese senior citizens above 65 years of age and able to undertake their own shopping at least once fortnightly participated this project. Research results show that a shopping experience design should not only concentrate on in-store shopping, but on a holistic shopping experience that includes shopping preparation, journey to store, in store shopping, journey back to home and after shopping at home. This flow and journey needs to be understood and addressed when designing a supermarket service for older customers. The supermarket shopping related issues that older Chinese customers face have been summarised, reported and discussed in the paper.
A prelude for PSS
Authors: MATTHYSSENS Paul , DEWIT Ivo
Published: January 2020

This research paper describes the transition to integrate products and services into systems and contributes to a broader understanding of the research field PSS design as an emerging area and phenomenon. Ensuing a synthesis approach, we outline different organizational drivers that emerge from the transition toward PSS as innovation strategy. Based on five in-depth interviews with experts that have specific knowledge and involvement in PSS design projects, the paper confronts a previous literature review with its practical counterpart. Findings clarify the definition, related terminology and context of PSS, but also advocate a future effort to appropriately support an operational integration of product and service side. Additionally, we observe an obvious evolution of value creation - through a focus on the (user) experience - as part of the rise of the product service system itself, an essential insight that can contribute in various ways to current PSS practices.
Inspiration Space
Authors: GONÇALVES Milene , THORING Katja , MUELLER Roland M. , BADKE-SCHAUB Petra , DESMET Pieter
Published: January 2020

Building on the assumption that the physical environment can have an influence on the creativity of designers and design students in particular, the aim of this paper is to provide theoretical propositions and evidences for this relationship. We develop various propositions about the influence of physical environments on creativity, based on eight expert interviews and supported by literature. A particular focus was given to the environments of design educational institutions. We present a summary of the main insights and visualize the developed propositions as a causal graph addressing how space influences creativity. These propositions can be regarded as a first step towards a theory of creativity-supporting learning environments and they can serve as a reference when designing or adjusting creative learning spaces.
Policy Making Introduction
Authors: TERREY Nina , JUNGINGER Sabine
Published: January 2020

The relationship that exists between design, policies and governance is quite complex and presents academic researchers continuously with new opportunities to engage and explore aspects relevant to design management. Over the past years, we have witnessed how the earlier focus on developing policies for design has shifted to an interest in understanding the ways in which design contributes to policy-making and policy implementation. Research into policies for design has produced insights into how policy-making decisions can advance professional impact and opportunities for designers and the creative industries. This research looked into how design researchers and design practitioners themselves can benefit from specific policies that support design activities and create the space for emerging design processes.
Section 2.a Introduction
Authors: YUAN Soe-Tsyr , SUNG Tung-Jung , YUAN Lu
Published: January 2020

It is widely recognized that Product-Service System (PSS) is a promising new business creation approach. In the digital era and with the rise of the service economy, PSS provides enterprises with additional approaches to create sustainable innovations and build competitive advantages. It mainly focuses on designing good experiences, establishing value networks among different stakeholders, creating new business models, and improving existing business models. Furthermore, PSS emphasizes service-dominant logic and the “use phase” of the product life cycle analysis.

Although the value of PSS has been widely recognized, there is still a lack of successful PSS innovative cases. Past research has noted that there are a lot of barriers and challenges when designing and implementing PSSs. In addition to understanding the user’s needs, wants, and desires, PSS design has to adopt a holistic view on value creation, scalable methods, value propositions integrating internal and external stakeholders, and organizational transformation. This section aims to offer a platform for practitioners and researchers to uncover compelling insights, discuss latest developments, and envision future directions for PSS design.
Section 1.a Introduction
Authors: DELL’ERA Claudio , CAUTELA Cabirio , MAGISTRETTI Stefano , ÖBERG Åsa , VERGANTI Roberto
Published: January 2020

Design has recently gained much attention among practitioners and scholars as a source of innovation. Firms are increasingly investing in design and involving design firms in their innovation processes. Yet, the role of design in innovation and competition remains a rather young (preparadigmatic) area, with blurred boundaries and often unclear or contrasting perspectives. The track “The Interplay between Science, Technology and Design” aims at exploring the contribution provided by design in exploiting the potentialities embedded in new and emerging technologies. Traditionally, especially in technology-intensive industries, design has been seen as playing a minor role: indeed, mainstream theories of innovation consider technology as a main driver of change, with design following up for creating a user friendly interface or as a source of differentiation through form, when feature differentiation created through technology has run its course.
Section 4.a Introduction
Authors: PIZZOCARO Silvia , KAYGAN Pınar , HARMAN Kerry  , BOHEMIA Erik
Published: January 2020

Co-design is a process in which designers and users collaborate as ‘equals’ to develop innovative solutions. Co-design methods are increasingly used by professional designers to facilitate and enable users to co-develop innovative solutions for ‘themselves’. For example, the Design Council is advocating the use of co-design methods to support the development of practical innovative solutions to social problems such as increased cost of elderly care and tackling child poverty. The involvement of users in developing solutions acknowledges that their take up is dependent on the ways users create and negotiate meanings of objects and services.
The impact of gender on children’s design preferences
Authors: HORVATH Gabor , MOSS Gloria Anne , VASS Eszter
Published: January 2020

Design has a vital role to play in the Marketing Mix and can shape a person’s overall reaction to a product including its pricing. Designers, for their part, are key cultural intermediaries between the product or services and the consumer but empirical research testing children’s preferences for products, segmented by gender, shows that the value placed on designs by children can vary widely. This paper will help designers and marketers perceive the strength of an interactionist rather than universalist approach to design, permitting an understanding of how others negotiate meanings.
Qualities of Entrepreneurial Design Conversations
Authors: SMULDERS Frido , VAN OORSCHOT Robin , HULTINK Erik Jan
Published: January 2020

In our daily practice of teaching and coaching students how to develop their business proposition for their high tech new ventures, we build on innovation and design sciences. In developing their business proposition, students engage in several activities simultaneously and also change their activities frequently. How can we, as educators, understand this process of always changing activities while being in the midst of coaching students? We investigate this process by analysing coaching conversations we have with students in our course Clean Tech Launchpad. Based on the theory of complex responsive processes of relating and the participatory innovation construct ‘quality of conversation’, this paper discusses how design as a social activity around the business proposition takes place in the interaction between coaches and students. Therefore, we introduce the term ‘Quality of Entrepreneurial Design Conversations’. This local creation of meaning helps to design the business proposition development process of students.
Learning about others
Authors: DEMİR Özümcan  , KAYGAN Pınar
Published: January 2020

Recently we witness a rising interest in interdisciplinary collaboration in both industrial design and engineering education. Since developing technology and innovation invites more complex design problems that are usually beyond the professional skills and competences of a single person, learning how to work in interdisciplinary teams becomes a central concern within the undergraduate programs of these fields. With the aim of contributing to interdisciplinary design education, this paper explores a four-week extra-curricular education activity called Interdisciplinary Design Studio (IDS) that was carried out at Middle East Technical University. The empirical data comes from the accounts of the students who participated in the IDS, from the Departments of Industrial Design, Architecture, Mechanical Engineering, Electrical and Electronics Engineering, Metallurgical and Materials Engineering, Computer Engineering, Industrial Engineering and Business Administration, who came together in six interdisciplinary teams to develop innovative products following the stages of a design process. Drawing on their accounts the paper seeks to answer two questions: First, how and in what ways students learned about other disciplines; and second, to what extent and how these learning experiences shape their approaches towards developing ways to collaborate with people (both tutors and students) from other disciplines.
Design Thinking in Business Strategy
Authors: BADJOKO Baydhir , JALOTE-PAMAR Ashis , BADJOKO Baydhir , DESHMUKH Sandeep
Published: January 2020

Design is being positioned as design thinking in management literature, from being a contributor of aesthetics to playing a strategic role, not only in innovating products/services but also transforming businesses. To incorporate design into corporate processes raises two issues: (a) need for an integrated design thinking framework to support business problem solving and (b) cases illustrating application of design thinking in corporate processes. This article describes an integrated design thinking framework for guiding business problem solving towards nurturing innovation. Based on this framework, business leaders were trained in design thinking by the author. Two select application cases are described, where the trained leaders have applied design thinking to corporate processes leading to the optimisation of business processes in human resource management and pricing. This article contributes by demonstrating the value design thinking creates by inducing systems thinking and adopting a human-centred approach to business problem solving.
Managing technology development
Authors: MAGISTRETTI Stefano , DELL’ERA Claudio , ÖBERG Åsa , VERGANTI Roberto
Published: January 2020

In the past few decades, several researchers have tried to understand how technology development can be influenced to reduce development expenditures. Moreover, the growing attention to idea generation from both practitioners and academics has given rise to several different veins of inquiry. Considering this, in the literature several studies have attempted to cluster the existing methods to select the technology to be developed (i.e. technology future analysis), but few have tried to medialize how technology development can be influenced in the following stages of evolution. In addition, the increasing attention that enterprises pay to design can be of help in understanding the role that a design mindset can play in technology development. Therefore, this article aims to investigate those managerial practices that can enhance the development of technologies. The methodology used is the single-case study, and the company analysed is Fullpower. Through the investigation, the article identifies a process that can enrich managers’ knowledge regarding technology development by proposing a two-step process
Cognitive Study of Products’ User Interfaces for Use by Elderly People
Authors: CHEN Li-Hao , WANG Chun
Published: January 2020

This study investigated elderly users’ understanding of images and their perception of products. Various product function images served as testing samples, and participants were required to rank the various images. The results of this study revealed that the elderly participants easily recognized concrete images or images that were familiar. The elderly participants had various views concerning simplified images. Associative images that could not be associated with objects from daily life were not efficiently recognized. In the present study, we only explored the effect of shape and elements   used on elderly people’s understanding of images. The results of this study can serve as a reference for designers when constructing a product’s user interface to be used by elderly people.
Exploration in Knowledge Capital improvement through Social Media in Complex Product Design
Authors: QI Wen
Published: January 2020

Currently, Knowledge work is fundamentally different in character from physical labor. This new reality dramatically alters the methods by which a worker can manage, learn, represent knowledge, interact, solve problems, and act. In this paper, a knowledge-intensive company, who is characterized as such that a highly educated workforce engages in mainly intellectual work, has been studied. To realize effective knowledge management, a complete architecture is proposed to integrate different tools and methods (e.g. Wikis, and blog) that collect, store, categorize, present business and engineering knowledge. Storytelling is suggested to be used to engage, involve and inspire employees, represent tactic content in a more authentic and narrative form. All these efforts and approaches will greatly benefit the company in our case study for operating its business successfully. As a result, managing knowledge effectively for such company will offer itself the primary opportunity for achieving substantial savings, significant
Gamifying design education
Authors: LEONARD Simon , OBERPRIELER Kerstin
Published: January 2020

Designers are increasingly in demand in a range of context because of their ability to deal with complexity and develop innovative solutions. Educational practice, however, is not yet on par with the multi-disciplinary and multi-modal learning style of today’s students. Gamification offers the promise of an innovative approach to engage students and produce better learning outcomes. The challenges facing gamification designers are parallel to those of experience designers, chiefly in ensuring the solution is contextually and personal relevant to the user. Learning design thinking, however, is a complex social activity influenced by myriad contextual factors. Cultural historical activity theory, when coupled with design-based research, offers a theoretical foundation that allows for gamification to be used for expansive education. The authors present The Four Orders of Gamification and a Gamification Design System that enables design educators to develop expansive curricula for tomorrow’s designers.
How design practices assist new venture teams in creating entrepreneurial opportunities
Authors: GEMSER Gerda , KLENNER Nico Florian , KARPEN Ingo
Published: January 2020

Research at the intersection of business and design has focused extensively on examining the importance of design for innovation. In this conceptual article, we explore the less considered topic of design for entrepreneurship. We start from the premise that there are similarities in the context in which designers solve problems and entrepreneurs create opportunities and that designers enact certain routinized ways of working that may enable the creation of entrepreneurial opportunities. The main contribution of this article is that we propose a conceptual framework and formulate six propositions depicting the ways in which design practices can enable three antecedents of successful opportunity creation: the ability to generate ideas, the ability to change opportunity beliefs, and the ability to take action.
Educating Design Innovation Catalysts Through Design Interventions
Authors: MOSELY Genevieve , HAMMEL Raphael
Published: January 2020

In the increasingly competitive and fast-changing business environment, innovation is a growing necessity. Organisations are seeking to leverage design as one way to deliver more value to their customers, although the use of design to innovate is still an emerging practice.

Individual capability underpins organisational adoption of design and as such the role (education and training) of this individual is currently under investigation – coined the ‘design innovation catalyst’. This paper describes a series of design interventions in a case study of a cohort of fifteen participants in an Australian industrial sector, which aimed to provide the foundation to educate participants about the role of design innovation catalysts. Based on this case study this paper makes a series of observations and reflections on the experience of these design innovation catalysts, which form the basis for recommendations to improve the effectiveness of future programs.
User-Involved Design for Direct Citizen Participation in Policymaking
Authors: KIM Chorong , NAM Ki-Young , KWON Yeunyoung
Published: January 2020

This research attempts to identify the adaptive values and conditions shared by user-involved design (UID) and direct citizen participation (DCP) in a policymaking context. As a conceptual embarkation point, this research will help bring design values to participatory policymaking. A deductive content analysis of the relevant literature was conducted to extract, group and compare the respective requirements of DCP and UID. These requirements were then classified by function, objective and domain and finally categorized into common ground, adaptive values and adaptive conditions. The common ground belongs to both DCP and UID and is concerned with sensitizing the participants to achieve basic understanding. The adaptive values, which are distinct requirements of UID, promote generative thinking. The adaptive conditions, which emerged from specific context of DCP, require a democratic process and promote citizen awareness. The research’s main contribution is in identifying the conceptual values and conditions for applying participatory design methods and approaches to the public policy context.
Social Design for Services Framework
Authors: SARANTOU Melanie , MIETTINEN Satu
Published: January 2020

This paper addresses the fields of social and service design in development contexts, practice-based and constructive design research. A framework for social design for services will be explored through the survey of existing literature, specifically by drawing on eight doctoral theses that were produced by the World Design research group. The work of World Design researcher-designers was guided by a strong ethos of social and service design for development in marginalised communities. The paper also draws on a case study in Namibia and South Africa titled ‘My Dream World’. This case study presents a good example of how the social design for services framework functions in practice during experimentation and research in the field. The social design for services framework transfers the World Design group’s research results into practical action, providing a tool for the facilitation of design and research processes for sustainable development in marginal contexts.
Together we do not forget
Authors: BRANKAERT Rens G.A. , WINTERMANS M.C. , LU Yuana
Published: January 2020

Dementia is increasingly becoming a societal challenge worldwide. In order to address the needs of people living with dementia through design, it is important to develop products and services in collaboration with them. For this study, a co-design approach was used to involve people with dementia throughout the design process. With them we aim to find a solution for social inclusion. This resulted in ‘Stay Tuned!’, an easy-to-use messaging radio for people with dementia, that allowed them to stay up to date with the lives of their loved ones. In this study, we used a mixed method approach including a group session, probes and an in-context evaluation. With this study, we contribute on how to involve cognitively impaired participants in co-design processes.
Consumption experience on Tmall
Authors: CHEN Zhen , CHEUNG Ming
Published: January 2020

This article contributes to the methodology literature of experience design by analysing banner ads on Tmall with a synthesis of social semiotics, multimodal analysis, and interactivity which guides our analysis of consumer-oriented advertising in e-commerce.  Departing from Tmall’s annual Double 11 Carnival, our analysis shows that the banner ads have been incorporated into a gamification design to encourage consumers to spend more and buy things they may not need even after the event has been completed. Our approach of analysing the ads on both the syntagmatic and paradigmatic dimensions is explicitly multimodal, taking the linguistic, visual and interactive resources (the tri-fold convergence) into consideration to study new phenomena in an e-selling environment. The approach of this study could be helpful to scholars and practitioners in the field of experience design, where multimodality and textual analysis of visual information is of great importance.