bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Pre-Service English Teachers’ Collaborative Learning Experience as Reflected in Genre-Based Writing
Authors: Sumekto Didik Rinan
Published: November 2018

This study aims at investigating pre-service English teachers’ collaborative learning as reflected in genre-based writing classes. 37 PSETs involved as the experimental group, 43 PSETs participated as the control group. Data collection used observation and questionnaire through the quasi-experimental method. Data were analyzed through the multivariate for GLM model, Wilcoxon Signed-Rank, and qualitative descriptive. The findings showed PSETs’ achievement significantly increased (p<.01) after PSETs’ collaborative learning was engaged. The paired samples test were M=2.744; SD=1.347 for recount, M=2.767; SD=1.771 for narrative, and M=3.488; SD=1.594 for descriptive paragraphs. The experimental group tests were Z=-5.340; p<.01 for recount, Z=-5.323; p<.01 for narrative, and Z=-5.320; p<.01 for descriptive paragraphs. Pre and post-tests fulfilled genres’ achievement criteria. Mean increased among those paragraphs (recount=70.51 to 73.26; narrative=71.58 to 74.35, anddescriptive=71.07 to 74.56). Another finding indicated 45 respondents positively responded to the collaborative learning practice, whereas 11 respondents had problems with the practice.
PKM Kelompok Usaha Dodol Kabupaten Bekasi Jawa Barat
Authors: Sari Dessy Agustina
Published: November 2018

Dodol merupakan makanan khas lokal (kudapan turun-temurun) dan proses pengerjaannyamenerapkan sistem pemberdayaan masyarakat setempat. Perlakuan awal bahan baku hingga produkjadi berjalan manual (tenaga manusia) dan manajemen produksi belum tertata dengan baik. Hal inimengakibatkan harga jual jatuh kepada pihak ketiga karena segmen pengemasan bersifat lemah dantidak adanya penyematan label kemasan. Langkah-langkah yang diberikan kepada mitra adalahpengajuan izin edar produk dan izin lokasi usaha, serta teknologi alat pengemas pasca produk dodoldidinginkan. Hasil pengabdian masyarakat yang telah berjalan adalah proses pengajuan SP-PIRT danSITU disukseskan oleh pihak kelurahan – mitra – tim pelaksana melalui SKU sebelum pemrosesandokumen oleh pihak Dinas Kesehatan kabupaten Bekasi. Lalu, pengimplementasian 2 (dua) buahperalatan tengah dirampungkan untuk mengatasi proses pembentukan wujud produk – penimbangandan diakhiri oleh pengemasan secara vakum. Tujuannya adalah penghematan waktu produksi danpenanggulangan sifat kelengketan yang dimiliki dodol, peningkatan umur simpan produk karenaperlakuan vacuum sealed, serta menjadikan produk mampu memasuki pertokoan makanan maupunperjalanan ke luar kota. Aspek peningkatan produksi juga akan ditelaah atas solusi yang diberikan.Hal ini diarahkan kepada pembenahan kapasitas produksi harian dan penanganan jumlah pekerja bilamenghadapi order pada hari besar agama.
Reflection Leadership Learning in Classic Stories as the Innovation of Literary Education
Authors: Abdurahman
Published: November 2018

Abstract—This paper aims to explain the reflection of leadership learning in the Minangkabau (Indonesia) classic story in which leadership learning is described as having made a good leader called "penghulu". The phenomenon of leadership learning in classical stories is an interesting phenomenon to discuss because the topic of leadership is still actual until today. In my research in 2013 about the cultural wisdom in the Minangkabau classic, with qualitative methods, and data derived from the text of the story, I have found several stories that talk about leadership learning. Among the classic story titles are the stories "Kaba Rancak Dilabuah", "Kaba Sutan Lanjungan", "Kaba Cindua Mato", "Kaba Magek Manandin" and "Kaba Sabai nan Aluih". Reflections on leadership learning are described in the form of descriptions and dialogue between children and parents, and about how a leader behaves in his community. In addition, they also describe the kind of good leader and evil leader. Based on the research findings, this paper will discuss the theoretical concept of leadership which is then associated with the implementation of leadership learning in classical stories, leadership learning materials, and the types of leaders that are reflected in the story. This paper also aims to explain the importance of the message of leadership in the classic story as an innovation of language and literary education so that literary education can be used as an education based on cultural values of the nation.Keywords---leadership learning, classic story, educational literary
PERSPEKTIF ANAK REMAJA TERHADAP PENJASKES
Authors: Purnomo Eko , Jermaina Nina , Marheni Eddy
Published: November 2018

Pendidikan jasmani dan kesehatan (penjaskes) merupakan pelajaran yang lebih banyak mengasah kemampuan motorik dan gerak. Pembelajaran pen-jaskes yang dilakukan saat ini masih belum sesuai dengan yang diharapkan oleh pemerintah dan UU pendidikan. Masih banyak siswa yang salah atau kurang tepat dalam memaknai dan melaksanakan pembelajaran penjaskes tersebut, oleh karena itu merasa perlu untuk melakukan penelitian ini se-bagai bahan evaluasi dan masukan sebagai pengajar calon guru di sekolah. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk melihat gejala-gejala yang mengakibatkan siswa SMA (anak remaja) enggan atau malas untuk melakukan pembelajaran penjaskes.Metode yang digunakan adalah dengan melakukan wawancara dan pengamatan kepada siswa dan guru SMA yang tersebar di Kota Padang. Hasil yang didapat ada 2 temuan penelitian, pertama sebagian besar siswa enggan melakukan pembelajaran penjaskes dan sebagiannya lagi menyukai pembelajaran penjaskes dengan rincian dan keterangan terdapat pada hasil penelitian. Kunci utama dari sebuah pengajaran di sekolah adalah menjadikan pelaja-ran tersebut menarik dan menyenangkan, sehingga membuat anak menjadi suka terhadap pelajaran tersebut, khususnya penjaskes. Setelah itu, maka siswa akan melakukan pembelajaran tersebut dengan sendirinya tanpa adanya instruksi atau bahkan paksaan dari guru (self discipline).
POSITIVE AND SIGNIFICANT FACTORS INFLUENCING ON THE LECTURER'S TEACHING PERFORMANCE
Authors: Sumekto Didik Rinan
Published: November 2018

Research objectives generally aim to identify and analyze the lecturer's competence in supporting courses, classroom management, and communication effectiveness between the lecturer and students in the lecture process that have positive and significant influence on the lecturer's performance. The population is the English Education Study Program students totaling 335 person with 110 respondents that have been determined using the Cohen formula. The sampling adopts the proportional stratified random sampling technique. The data collection is conducted using the questionnaire technique with Likert scale. The data analysis is examined quantitatively by applying descriptive statistics, simple correlation and two-tailed regression analysis with the significance level of 0.05. The analysis output shows that the competence in supporting the subject matter, classroom management, and the communication effectiveness in the learning process all are categorized as moderate. These influencing factors on the lecturer's teaching performance collectively have a positive and significant influence on the lecturer's performance.
Constitutional Law—Do Black Lives Matter to the Constitution?
Authors: Miller Bruce
Published: November 2018

Published: Bruce Miller, Constitutional Law—Do Black Lives Matter to the Constitution?, 40 W. NEW ENG. L. REV. 459 (2018). Do Black lives matter to the Constitution? To the original Constitution, premised as it is on white supremacy, they plainly do not. But do the post-Civil War Amendments, sometimes characterized as a "Second Founding," provide a basis for a more optimistic reading? The Supreme Court's application of the Fourteenth Amendment's Equal Protection guarantee, shaped by the long discredited (and now formally overruled) decision in Korematsu v. U.S., has seriously diminished the likelihood that our basic law can redeem the promise of racial equality. Korematsu's embrace of a purely formal account of racial discrimination, its blindness to the history and present reality of societal discrimination against racial minorities and its identification of racial antagonism (or animus), as opposed to racial subordination, as the primary evil evidenced by discriminatory laws together assure a very limited reach for the Equal Protection guarantee as it applies to race. By contrast, Justice Ginsburg's approach to sex inequality (set out in her opinion in U.S. v. Virginia), by distinguishing measures which enforce the political, economic, or social inferiority of women from those which dissipate such inferiority, offers a more promising account of Equal Protection. Application of her approach to the Constitutional law of race discrimination would markedly improve the prospects for achieving the Second Founding's aspiration to end racial subordination in our country.
How Constitutional Norms Break Down
Authors: Chafetz Josh , Pozen David E.
Published: November 2018

65 U.C.L.A Law Review 1430 (2018).From the moment Donald Trump was elected President, critics have anguished over a breakdown in constitutional norms. History demonstrates, however, that constitutional norms are perpetually in flux. The principal source of instability is not that these unwritten rules can be destroyed by politicians who deny their legitimacy, their validity, or their value. Rather, the principal source of instability is that constitutional norms can be decomposed—dynamically interpreted and applied in ways that are held out as compliant but end up limiting their capacity to constrain the conduct of government officials.This Article calls attention to that latent instability and, in so doing, begins to taxonomize and theorize the structure of constitutional norm change. We explore some of the different modes in which unwritten norms break down in our constitutional system and the different dangers and opportunities associated with each. Moreover, we argue that under certain plausible conditions, it will be more worrisome when norms are subtly revised than when they are openly flouted. This somewhat paradoxical argument suggests that many commentators have been misjudging our current moment: President Trump's flagrant defiance of norms may not be as big a threat to our constitutional democracy as the more complex deterioration of norms underway in other institutions.
To attract or to repel, that is the question (for the visual cortex)
Authors: Fornaciai Michele , Park Joonkoo
Published: November 2018

Despite noisy and discontinuous input, vision is remarkably stable and continuous. Recent work suggests that such a remarkable feat is enabled by an active stabilization process that integrates information over time, resulting in attractive serial dependence. However, precise mechanisms underlying serial dependence are still unknown. Here, we demonstrate that suppressing high-level modulatory signal on early cortical activity via visual backward masking completely abolishes the serial dependence effect, indicating the critical role of cortical feedback processing on serial dependence. Moreover, we show that the absence of modulatory feedback results in a robust repulsive aftereffect, as in perceptual adaptation, after only 50 ms of stimulation, indicating the presence of a local neurocomputational process for an automatic and spontaneous recalibration of the stimulus representation. These findings collectively illustrate the interplay between two contrasting cortical computational mechanisms at short timescales that serve as a basis for our perceptual experience.
The Meaning of Aggression Varies Across Culture: Testing the Measurement Invariance of the Refined Aggression Questionnaire in samples from Spain, the US, and Hong Kong
Authors: Gallardo-Pujol David , Penelo Eva , Sit Cindy , Jornet-Gibert Montsant , Suso Carlos , Buades-Rotger Macià , Maydeu-Olivares Albert , Andrés-Pueyo Antonio , Bryant Fred B.
Published: November 2018

Cultural differences in aggression are still poorly understood. The purpose of this article is to assess whether a tool for measuring aggression has the same meaning across cultures. Analyzing samples from Spain (n=262), US (n=344) and Hong-Kong (n=645), we used confirmatory factor analysis to investigate measurement invariance of the refined version of the Aggression-Questionnaire (Bryant & Smith, 2001). The measurement of aggression was more equivalent between the Chinese and Spanish versions than between these two and the American version. Aggression does not show invariance at the culture level. Cultural variables such as affective autonomy or individualism may influence the meaning of aggression. Aggressive behavior models can be improved by incorporating cultural variables.
The art of not being legible: Invented writing systems as technologies of resistance in mainland Southeast Asia
Authors: Kelly Piers
Published: November 2018

James C Scott argued that the traditional non-literacy of highland minorities in mainland Southeast Asia may belong to a wider pattern of state evasion whereby lowland practices, including literacy, are strategically rejected. This position ignores the moral and material value attributed to literacy in upland folklore, as well as the many radical messianic movements that purported to bring writing back to the highlands. I review nine such cases of recuperated literacy among Southeast Asian minorities, all of which were created in circumstances of violent conflict with lowland states. Leaders of these movements recognised literacy as an important vehicle of state power but their appropriation of writing was limited to very specific purposes and domains. In short, the new literacy practices did not mirror its ordinary bureaucratic uses in lowland states. Instead, writing became a symbolic instrument for building state-like institutions of resistance.
An alternative framework for a textbook analysis of the money multiplier
Authors: Zinn Jesse Aaron
Published: November 2018

In textbooks on the theory of money it is standard practice to hold both reserves and deposits fixed to study the relationship between the quantity of currency in the economy and the money multiplier. But doing so leads to a result that is contrary to the notion that if the public withdraws from their deposits in order to increase currency holdings then bank lending will decrease, causing a fall in both the money supply and the money multiplier. Specifically, when reserves are greater than deposits and both are fixed the money multiplier has a positive relationship with both currency holdings and the currency-deposit ratio. I show that these results are artifacts of implicitly assuming that the monetary authority behaves so as to keep deposits and reserves constant in response to a change in currency held by the public. Dropping these assumptions and abstracting from any response from the central bank results in an unconditionally non-positive relationship between currency holdings and the money multiplier.
Gender Gap in Entrepreneurship
Authors: Guzman Jorge , Kacperczyk Aleksandra
Published: November 2018

Using data on the entire population of businesses registered in the states of California and Massachusetts between 1995 and 2011, we decompose the well-established gender gap in entrepreneurship. We show that female-led ventures are 63 percentage points less likely than male-led ventures to obtain external funding (i.e., venture capital). The most significant portion of the gap (65 percent) stems from gender differences in initial startup orientation, with women being less likely to found ventures that signal growth potential to external investors. However, the residual gap is as much as 35 percent and much of this disparity likely reflects investors’ gendered preferences. Consistent with theories of statistical discrimination, the residual gap diminishes significantly when stronger signals of growth are available to investors for comparable female- and male-led ventures or when focal investors appear to be more sophisticated. Finally, conditional on the reception of external funds (i.e., venture capital), women and men are equally likely to achieve exit outcomes, through IPOs or acquisitions.
Perkembangan Bahasa Anak Usia 12 Hingga 24 Bulan di Semarang
Authors: Marini Marini , Khasanah Khasanah
Published: November 2018

Abstract The  problem  of this research is : How is the language development of children age 12 to 24 months in Semarang ?. The purpose of this study is to describe widely and deeply about language development the children age 12 to 24 in Semarang. The method used in this research is qualitative method. Data collection is done by observation, interviews, and questionnaire. Data analysis techniques using Miles Hubermen’s model. Checking the validity of the data using triangulation data. The results showed that the development of language of children aged 12 to 24 months in Semarang in expressive is: can produce sound almost perfect in several words; Some of the letters of the words missing from the pronunciation; The missing letters are usually consonants; Haven't been able to pronounce the letter s and r; In General, most people are able to understand the speech of the children is an adult who is close to the child; There is a word that can be spelled perfectly by the child. The words are by and large is the words that are simple and close to the children's daily lives. As for the generally receptive: children can follow and obey what is spoken by adults; The children seem to understand when the adults were talking about them; and children  can understand  to the words that they  heard more than that they can speak.

 

Keywords: Language, children, expressive, receptive, word.
Hubungan antara Tingkat Asupan Gizi dan Perkembangan Motorik Kasar pada Anak Usia 4-6 Tahun di Kota Semarang
Authors: Huda Nurul , Angga Dewi Widya Novi
Published: November 2018

Tujuan penelitian ini adalah mengetahui adanya hubungan antara tingkat asupan gizi danperkembangan motorik kasar pada anak usia dini usia dini di Kota Semarang. Desain penelitianyang digunakan adalah cross sectional dengan populasi pada penelitian adalah balita usia 4-6tahundi Kota Semarang. Perhitungan sampel menggunakan uji hipotesis 2 proporsi denganjumlah sampel 66 anak. Instrumen yang digunakan adalah FFQ semiquantitative dan denver II.Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa anak usia 4-6 tahun yang mengalami perkembanganmotorik kasar tidak normal sebesar 22,7%, dan faktor terbesar yang paling berpengaruh adalahasupan zat besi dengan P value 0,016 dan protein sebesar 0,05.Kata Kunci: manajemen, pendidik, tenaga kependidikanThe aim of this study is to find out the relationship between the level of nutrient intake and thedevelopment of gross motor in early childhood in Semarang city. The research design used wascross sectional with the population in the study were children 4 – 6 years in Semarang city.Calculation of samples using a hypothesis test of 2 proportions with a sample of 66 children. Theinstrument use FFQ semiquantitative and Denver II. The results showed that children aged 4-6years old who experienced abnormal gross motor development were 22,7%, and the biggestfactor, thee most influential was iron intake with p-value 0,016 and protein by 0,05.Keywords: level of nutrient intake, gross motor, 4-6 years old
Baking properties of spring wheat grain in the Middle Urals conditions
Authors: Zezin N. N. , Vorobiev V. A. , Vorobiev A. V. , Bezgodov A. V.
Published: November 2018

In the Middle Urals the middle-ripening varieties of spring soft wheat with gluten content of 22–24% and the middle-early and early ripening varieties of spring soft wheat with gluten content of 26–34% are able to form kernels suitable for bread baking of the first, second and third classes. Nowadays a comparative characteristic of the grain quality of the main varieties developed by the of the selection of the Ural RIA included in the State List of the Breeding Achievements in the Volga-Vyatka Region and their abili­ty to form food grain suitable for bread baking is of great practical interest. In the Krasnoufimsky breeding center there were stud­ied 11 spring wheat varieties included in the State List of the Breeding Achievements in the Volga-Vyatka region in the 2013 and 2016 years of arid conditions (90–100 mm of precipitation, 17.0–17.5 ºC of average daily air temperature) and in the years 2014 and 2015 of excessive moisture (294–423 mm of precipitation and 15–16 ºC of average daily air temperature). The early rip­ening varieties “Irgina” and “Iren” (71–94 days of vegetation period) formed an average yield of 2.94 t/ha. The middle-early ripen­ing varieties “Ekaterina”, “Gornouralskaya”, “Svecha”, “Bazhenka”, “Zlata” (75–98 days of vegetation period) produced 3.32 t/ha.The middle-ripening varieties “Krasnoufimskaya 100”, “Ekada 70”, “Simbirtsit”, “Omskaya 36” (90–94 days of vegetation period) pro­duced 3.55 t/ha. The most productive ones are “Iren” (3.05 t/ha), “Ekaterina” (3.64 t/ha), “Ekada 70” and “Simbirtsit” (3.70–3.78 t/ha). Food grain of the first class (with gluten content of more than 32%) was formed by the varieties “Irgina”, “Iren”, “Bazhenka”; the rest varieties formed the second class grain (with gluten content of more than 28%). The ranking method by seven indicators of grain quality allowed us to determine the average rank and to identify the varieties “Irgina” and “Iren” with the highest baking properties (average rank of 1.0–1.7). They are the most promising varieties for the production of food grains in the conditions of the Middle Urals. It is not advisable to use the middle-ripening varieties “Ekada 70” and “Simbirtsit” for this purpose as the average rank of their quality indicators is 7.0–7.1.
Productivity and elements of its structure of the new pea lines
Authors: Ashiev A. R. , Skulova М. V. , Khabibullin K. N.
Published: November 2018

The studies were carried out in 2016–2018 in the competitive variety testing of peas on the crop rotation fields belonging to the laboratory of legume breeding and seed-growing of the FSBSI “Agricultural Research Center “Donskoy”, located in the part of the Rostov region with unstable humidity (Zernograd). During the years of research, the meteorological conditions of the pea vegetation were contrast that made it possible to objectively estimate the pea lines in the given weather and climate conditions. In the com­petitive variety testing, the 18 lines were studied according to economically valuable traits (seed productivity, productivity elements, adaptability to machine harvesting). As a result of the study, the 6 pea lines were identified: 2 lines of the mustache morphotype “G-1002”, “G-1003”; 4 leafy lines “G-1010”, “G-1011”, “G-1013” and “G-1015”. In the group of the mustache morphotype, 2 lines “G-1002” (on 0.30 t/ha), “G-1003” (on 0.39 t/ha) exceeded the grain productivity of the standard variety for 3 years of study on aver­age. The productivity increase was from 12.4 to 16.1%. In the group of variety samples of the leafy morphotype, the line “G-1010” (on 0.31 t/ha) significantly exceeded grain productivity of the standard variety. All the selected lines were tolerant to their seed-shedding. The line “G-1010” (48.8 pc per plant) showed the highest seed yield per plant. The lines “G-1003” (222.1 g), “G-1011” (209.5 g) and “G-1013” (207.8 g) had the largest fineness of grain. The line “G-1010” (8.85 g/plant) demonstrated the highest productivity per plant. However, having a low coefficient of resistance to lodging (0.35), this line has the greatest loss of seeds during harvesting. The iden­tified lines will be used in further breeding work according to a number of their economically valuable traits.
Drought resistance of winter soft wheat samples in the primary phase of organogenesis and change of leaf area and chlorophyll content in leaves under the conditions of water stress
Authors: Likhovidova V. A. , Ionova Е. V. , Gaze V. L. , Machenko D. М.
Published: November 2018

There has been conducted laboratory assessment of drought resistance of winter soft wheat samples on an osmatic solution (sucrose 16 atm.). The maximum values of this indicator ranged from 70.0% (“Lidiya”) to 79.3% (“Asket”). According to the results of vegetation trials, it was established that in conditions of insufficient moisture supply (aridity of 30% PV) during the flowering phase, the total leaf area of winter wheat varieties and lines varied from 45.2 cm2 (“Volny Don”) to 63.4 cm2 (“Kazachka”), and in the phase of milky ripeness of grain, the total leaf area ranged from 3.5 cm2 (“260/09”) to 17.7 cm2 (“Polina”). The varieties “Krasa Dona”, “Kapitan”, “Lidiya”, “Asket” showed the best ratio of the upper leaves area to the lower ones under arid conditions (in favor of the upper ones in the flowering phase). In the phase of milky ripeness, the presence of lower green leaves was identified in the varieties “Kapitan”, “Krasa Dona”, “Izyumnka”. The amount of accumulated pigments (chlorophyll) in the leaves remains the highest during the flowering period and the milky ripeness of the grain in the varieties “Kapitan” (3.1 and 2.6 m/100g of dry matter), “Kazachka” (2.9 and 2.4 mg/100g of dry matter), “Krasa Dona” (2.8 and 2.4 mg/100g of dry matter), “Asket” (2.7 and 2.3 mg/100g of dry matter), “Lidiya” (2.6 and 2.4 mg/100g of dry matter), “Izyumnka” (2.5 and 2.1 mg/100g of dry matter).
Biological technologies are the factors of winter wheat productivity improvement
Authors: Melnik A. F. , Kondrashin B. S.
Published: November 2018

The studies were conducted in 2012–2014 in OOO “Znamenskoe” in the Znamensky district of the Orlov region in order to determine the influence of forecrops on winter wheat productivity. Field trials have shown that the forecrops have a great effect on soil moisture. The use of weedfree fallow and oil radish as green manure crop provides 1.3–3% soil moisture increase in the 0–10 cm layer before winter wheat sowing compared with annual grasses. Sown in bare fallow, winter wheat infestation was on 17.6–18.8% less in the tillering phase compared with the use of oil radish oil as green manure crop and annual grasses for green mass. It was determined that the forecops had an effect on the height of winter wheat plants. In weedfree fallow it was the maximum (122.7–127.1 cm), depending on the fertilizing ratio, which was on 8.0–10.3 cm more than in other variants of the trial. It was established that winter wheat sown in bare fallow exceeded other variants by the number of productive stems, kernels per ear, 1000-kernel weight on 2.1–7.2; 1.7–4.4; 13.9–19.5% respectively. This ensured a higher productivity of winter wheat. It has been identified that the use of oil radish improves the winter wheat quality, namely protein and gluten content, grain unit on 2.0–2.2, 1.4–2.2; 11–12.5 g/l respectively. The norm of mineral fertilizers N98R64K64 in comparison with N66R32K32 in all forecrops provided an increase in protein and gluten content on 0.4–0.7% and 0.7–2.6% respectively. Thus, biological technologies provide productivity improvement of winter wheat.
Optimization of the parameters of quantitative traits of maize hybrids used for grain
Authors: Krivosheev G. Ya. , Ignatiev A. S.
Published: November 2018

The studies were carried out in 2015–2017 at the FSBSI “Agricultural Research Center “Donskoy” in order to determine the opti­mal values of quantitative traits, the combination of which allows forming the maximum yield for hybrids of grain use in arid conditions. The 96 maize hybrids were the initial material which were studied for grain productivity, plant height, height of ear attachment, length of the vegetation period and of the period from germination to ear flowering. The presence, strength and direction of correlation between grain productivity and quantitative characteristics have been established. There has been identified a weak positive correlation between the grain productivity and plant height (r = + 0.10…+0.23). Maize hybrids for grain use should be of medium height with an optimal value of the trait of 220–250 cm. The grain productivity had an average in 2016 (r = + 0.49) and a weak in 2015 and 2016 (r = + 0.05; r = +0.17) dependence on an ear attachment height. The optimal values of the trait were 80–95 cm. The nature of the dependence between grain productivity and the length of the vegetation period greatly differed through the year of study. In 2016 an average positive correlation was r = + 0.52; in 2015 and 2017 there was a weak negative correlation r = –0.14, r = –0.24. Through different years, the hybrids of various groups of ripeness formed the maximum grain productivity of 5.0–5.5 t/ha. The hybrids of the middle-early group of ripening, as well as the early-ripening and middle-ripening hybrids had an advantage before the middle-early group slightly differing in the length of the vegetation period. The optimum length of the vegetation period is 97–110 days, the period from germination to ear flowering is 53–61 days.
The promising lines in the breeding work with triticale for the Povolzhie conditions
Authors: Diyachuk T. I. , Kibkalo I. A. , Pominov A. V. , Khomyakova O. V. , Akinina V. N.
Published: November 2018

The article presents the study results of the breeding value of winter triticale lines in the main competitive variety-testing. The va­riety “Student” was used as a standard variety introduced into the State List of Protected Breeding Achievements in the Nizhny-Volga region. There have been selected the most valuable lines as the sources for use in breeding programs. There were identified such promising lines for high grain productivity as № 1 (F11Polessky 10/Vodoley), № 7 (F12Sargau/Polessky 7), № 9 (F8Vodoley/ADP-2//Modus), № 12 (F7Student/Vodoley) with potential of 65.5–83.0 hwt/ha. The plant height of these lines is reduced compared with the standard variety on 22–37 cm. The study results have shown the existence of a wide spectrum of genotypic variability of the “cell membrane permeability”, as a key physiological indicator of drought resistance among the triticale lines and varieties. According to the damage degree of cell membranes, the line № 9 and the variety “Svyatozar” were selected. The lowest value of this indicator was revealed in the genotypes (35.5 and 31.5%) and it does not differ from that in the winter rye variety “Saratovskaya 7” (33.5%, 13.1% of НСР05). The lines № 1, № 7, № 9 and № 11, which according to the complex of the studied parameters are close to the variety “Valentin 90”, are of interest in the breeding work to improve baking traits of triticale.
Genetics of some quantitative traits of the rice hybrid CR-1009 (SUB-1) × Novator
Authors: Kostylev P. I. , Krasnova Е. V.
Published: November 2018

Quantitative traits which are characterized by a wide range of variability in different locations are of great importance for produc­tivity formation. They are plant height, panicle length, number of spikelets and kernels per panicle, 1000-kernel weight, etc. The study of genetic basis of quantitative traits of rice, which are the main elements of yield structure, is an important problem and its solution is necessary to speed up breeding process. The article deals with the establishing of inheritance type, quantity of allelic variants of genes, which participate in determination of some quantitative traits of the rice hybrid obtained from hybridization of the varieties “CR-1009 (Sub-1)” and “Novator”. The genetic analysis of trait splitting has been carried out by the computer program “Polygen A”. The inheritance of the trait “plant height” occurred was of the type of incomplete domination of large values of the trait, the parental forms varied in two pairs of genes. By the panicle length, monogenic differences of the crossed varieties were observed. According to the number of spikelets per panicle, full dominance of the greater value of the trait was identified. The interaction of two genes was identified, with each parental form having both recessive and dominant alleles, but in different loci. Estimating number of kernels per panicle, there were allelic differences in two loci and trait splitting was in a ratio of 9 : 6 : 1. Trait splitting along the length and width of the spikelet was transgressive and was characterized by the dominance of smaller values of the trait. According to 1000-kernel weight, incomplete dominance of smaller values of the trait and monogenic differences of the initial parental forms have been estab­lished. According to kernel weight per panicle, the digenous differences of the parental forms and the splitting in a ratio of 15 : 1 were identified. The information that differences are determined by two pairs of main genes can be used in practical breeding. It will allow reducing the amount work to obtain recombinants with the desired combination of characteristics.
Biodiversity of sorghum
Authors: Kovtunova N. A. , Kovtunov V. V.
Published: November 2018

On the basis of economic use there are three main types of sorghum: grain sorghum (Sorghum bicolor (L.) Moench), sweet sor­ghum (Sorghum sahharatum (L.) Pers.) and grass (Sudan) sorghum (Sorghum sudanense (Piper.) Stapf). There are various directions in the breeding work with grain, sweet and grass sorghum. However, the main breeding task of any grain crop is to create highly pro­ductive varieties and hybrids with high quality of products. This implies the involvement of new initial material with the necessary quali­ties in the breeding process. To solve this problem, a rich genetic material is of great need, which will be used in hybridization. The pur­pose of the work is to identify the main directions and results of sorghum breeding, to study biological diversity within the varieties according to individual indicators and to identify the sources of valuable traits. A large number of the identified sources of economically valuable traits, which are annually involved in hybridization with productive varieties gives evidence of the biological diversity and rich genetic material. The fulfilled work resulted in a number of developed varieties that meet the requirements of agricultural production.
The analysis of dynamics of winter barley sown area and productivity in the Russian Federation
Authors: Firsova T. I. , Filenko G. A. , Dontsova A. А.
Published: November 2018

The article presents the main biologic and economic advantages of winter barley, shows the main directions of its use in the industrial processing. The article informs about the dynamics of the sown area and productivity of winter barley in Russia, their distribution through Federal Districts. There has been established that the North-Caucasus and Southern Federal Districts are the main winter barley producers with 153.6–245.6 thousand hectares and 131.2–28.7 thousand hectares respectively. The use of great number of seeds of mass repro­duction together with low sowing traits significantly reduces productivity and qualitative characteristics of the obtained products. The article gives the analysis of winter barley seed-growing from 2012 to 2017. There has been analyzed data on the amount of original sown (OS-1.2), basic (BS) and reproductive seeds (RS1, RS2, RS3). There has been determined a tendency to an increase in the volume of sown seeds of winter barley in the total area from 54.3 thousand hwt in 2013 up to 74.1 thousand hwt in 2016. The largest amount of sown seeds of the basic seeds (14.1 thousand hwt) took place in 2015, the smallest one (6.3 thousand hwt) occurred in 2017. It was found that the number of reproductive seeds remains high and ranges from 78.8 to 88.5% with an annual reduction in volumes in absolute terms. In this regard, there is a periodical need to update the seeds of the used winter barley varieties. In order to stabilize the winter barley productivity, it is necessary to sow the seeds of varieties recommended for sowing in the Rostov region by the State Commission for Variety Testing.
The variety “Saratovskaya zolotistaya” is 25
Authors: Gaponov S. N. , Popova V. M. , Shutareva G. I. , Tsetva N. М. , Parshikova T. M. , Shchukin S. A.
Published: November 2018

For 25 years due to its unique properties the spring durum wheat variety “Saratovskaya zolotistaya” (1993) is popular not only among grain and pasta producers, but also among breeders of Russia and the CIS countries. Due to its high combining ability, the variety has been introduced in all breeding programs of research institutions engaged in the breeding and cultivation of spring durum wheat as a source of high content of carotenoid pigments.
Qualitative traits of grain and flour of the winter soft wheat lines
Authors: Kravchenko N. S. , Ionova Е. V. , Vozhzhova N. N. , Oldyreva I. М.
Published: November 2018

There have been studied physical, flour-milling, technological features of the grain of the new varieties and lines of winter soft wheat developed by the FSBSI “Agricultural Research Center “Donskoy”. The purpose of the study is to identify samples with high quality of grain, flour, rheological properties of dough and baking profits. High values of grain unit and general vitreousness of grain are revealed. The samples “1237/13” (14.6%), “1261/13” (14.5%) and “Nakhodka” (14.5%) formed protein content at the level of strong wheat of the 1st class (not less than 14.5%). The varieties “Tanais” (30.9%), “Aksiniya” (30.2%), “Nakhodka” (29.5%), “Donskaya step” (28.6%) and the line “1261/13” (28.4%) showed high content of gluten in the grain of the 2nd class of quality. The studied varieties and lines of winter wheat were characterized by a high yield of flour, more than 70%. The maximum yield of flour was obtained in the variet­ies “Tanais” (74.5%), “Ermak” (74.1%) and the line “1261/13” (74.2%). According to the color, the flour of the samples (54.0–80.0 con­ventional units) “Aksiniya” (55.64 conv. units), “Nakhodka” (55.18 conv. units), “Kipchak” (54.01 conv. units), “Bonus” (54.90 conv. units), “Kazachka” (54.40 conv. units) and the line “1261/13” (54.30 conv. units) corresponded to the highest grade. There were identi­fied variety differences in flour color and ash content, which the quality of the end product largely depends on. The 6 studied varieties “Yubiley Dona” (342 u. a.), “Nakhodka” (311 u. a.), “Shef” (292 u. a.), “Kipchak” (290 u. a.), “Tanais” (289 u. a.) and “Aksiniya” (289 u. a.) showed high rheological properties of the dough at the level of strong wheat. There were identified the samples with high yield of bread “Nakhodka” (705 ml), “Aksiniya” (695 ml) and “Donskaya Step” (685 ml), which corresponded to the class of strong wheat. The identi­fied varieties and lines can be used in the breeding process as the sources with high grain quality and baking properties.
Identification of the genes resistant to brown rust in winter soft wheat varieties with the use of conventional and modern research methods
Authors: Shishkin N. V. , Derova T. G. , Gultyaeva E. I. , Shaydayuk Е. L.
Published: November 2018

Brown rust is the main disease of wheat soft varieties in the Rostov region. The majority of wheat varieties (more than 87%) developed in the FSBSI “Agricultural Research Center “Donskoy” show resistance to this causative agent. In order to obtain a complete immunological characteristics of the developed varieties, there were carried out the researches to identify the resis­tance genes (Lr) in the early and adult stages of plant growing in cooperation with the Mycology and Phytopathology Laboratory of the FSBSI ARIZR. There were studied 37 varieties of winter soft wheat on the infectious fields of the south and northwest of Russia, as well as by the methods of a phytopathological test (to three isolates of the fungus with virulence to TcLr9, TcLr19, TcLr26 and the Zernograd pathogen population) and by the PCR analysis using 10 molecular markers Lr1, Lr3, Lr9, Lr10, Lr19, Lr20, Lr24, Lr26, Lr34 and Lr37. DNA was isolated by a micro-method according to K. Edwards, the PCR was carried out in a C-1000 amplifier (Bio Rad, US). The study established that there were no universal varieties among the studied ones which were resistant to all three clones and the Zergograd population. The varieties “Polina”, “Volnitsa” and “Zernogradka 11” showed resistance to the three clones, but in the phase of sprouting they show susceptibility to the pathogen population. According to the results of PCR analysis, the resistance genes Lr9, Lr19, Lr24, Lr26 were also not found in the varieties. 29 out of 37 studied varieties contained the adult resistance gene Lr34, and 20 varieties had the inefficient gene Lr3, which neither apart nor together could protect the plants from brown rust in the field. This indicates that the tolerant varieties carry additional non-identified Lr-genes. In a number of varieties there have been established 2 resistance genes. The variety “Kipchak” susceptible in the field contained the Lr1 gene, which lost its effectiveness. The differences in the damage degree of some varieties in the conditions of the Rostov region and St. Peters­burg indicate a difference in the North Caucasian and northwestern populations by virulence to the causative agent of brown rust.
The role of the initial material in breeding of the spring soft wheat varieties resistant to rust in Zauralye
Authors: Maltseva L. T. , Filippova Е. A. , Bannikova N. Yu. , Berdyugin V. A.
Published: November 2018

One of the factors limiting the growth of wheat productivity in Zauralye is the crop infection with leaf-stem diseases, which regularly occur three times in ten years, reducing the harvest on 5 to 30%. In 2015–2017 only two spring soft wheat varieties “Radu­ga” (Kurgan RIA) and “Uralosibirskaya” (SibRIA) (on 8–9% of the total area) out of 17 regionalized ones showed high tolerance to epiphytoty of brown and stem rust. The genetic collections of domestic and foreign origin have been used to develop new varieties. On the epiphytotic background there were identified varieties and samples with effective resistance genes. There has been conduct­ed a target selection in the hybrid populations. There have been estimated morphologically aligned lines for reproduction. For the fast development of new varieties, there has been suggested stable and tolerant to the diseases, adaptive to local conditions initial material, namely the varieties “Sigma”, “Pamyati Leontieva”, “Boevchanka”, “Favorit”, “Novosibirskaya 31”, “Ingala”, “Sudarynia”, “Gerakl”, “Uralosibirskaya”, “Raduga” taken in the collection nursery; and the varieties and lines “Lutescens 120”, “Novosibirskaya 18”, “Rodnik”, “Lutescens 27-12”, “Lutescens 248/05-3”, “LD 25”, “Lutescens 34/08-19”, “Element 22”, “Lutescens 6/04-4” taken in the nursery of the Kazakh-Siberian Spring Wheat Improvement Network (KSSWIN). There have been identified 1340 highly productive lines out of 57 hybrid populations resistant to a wide range of brown rust types, including the virulent type Ug99. The 5 lines from the Siberian Breeding Nursery (SPCS) with complex resistance to brown and stem rust, powdery mildew and 6 varieties with the identified resistance genes to stem rust Sr31, Sr25 are of particular interest. The studied material is included in the breeding process.
A PESSOA COM DEFICIÊNCIA E O LEGISLADOR CONSTITUINTE: ANÁLISE CRÍTICA DOS POSTULADOS EUGÊNICOS PRESENTES NA HISTÓRIA REPUBLICANA DAS CONSTITUIÇÕES BRASILEIRAS
Authors: Dos Santos Sérgio Coutinho , França Júnior Francisco De Assis de , Correia Júnior José Barros
Published: November 2018

O presente artigo tem como objetivo principal a análise crítica dos postulados eugênicos implícita ou explicitamente presentes nos dispositivos normativos constitucionais do período republicano da história do Brasil. Nossa opção metodológica para a análise foi por recortar como objeto de interesse as cinco constituições republicanas que antecederam aquela atualmente vigente. Articulando-se os textos produzidos pelo legislador constituinte com as reflexões produzidas na literatura sociojurídico-constitucional a respeito procuramos expor as contradições, as discriminações e os preconceitos que permeavam as relações sociais junto às pessoas com deficiência naquele período. No curso da investigação, qualquer olhar mais atento ao problema haverá de constatar um processo de produção legislativa que segue seu curso oscilando entre a indiferença, a marginalização, a necessidade de controle ou a ideia de mera compensação financeira pelos serviços prestados ao Estado. Concluindo-se com isso que, apesar dos recentes avanços, um ambiente social inclusivo e de empoderamento das pessoas com deficiência, ainda há de demandar algum tempo.
A ZONA DO NÃO-SER DO DIREITO INTERNACIONAL: OS POVOS NEGROS E A REVOLUÇÃO HAITIANA
Authors: Silva Karine De Souza , Perotto  Luiza Lazzaron Noronha
Published: November 2018

O objetivo deste artigo é defender a necessidade de incluir o estudo da Revolução Haitiana na esfera do Direito Internacional dos Direitos Humanos. Esta pesquisa é original porque demonstra, por meio do método do estudo de caso e da utilização das epistemologias pós-coloniais e decoloniais, que os povos negros têm sido vítimas de um embargo político, historiográfico e epistêmico por parte do Direito Internacional Público (DIP), fato que favorece a continuidade do racismo epistemológico e praxeológico que exclui esses coletivos dos mecanismos de produção de conhecimento e os destitui de capacidade de agência nas estruturas de saber e poder. Em última instância, afirma-se que as subjetividades negras têm sido condenadas à zona do “não-ser” pelo mainstream do DIP, que se encontra totalmente acomodado aos arranjos imperialistas que invisibilizam e desqualificam as narrativas e subjetividades dos povos não brancos e não ocidentais.
Germany and the United States
Authors: Rhodes Matthew
Published: November 2018

In 1989, U.S. President George H.W. Bush presented a vision of the
United States and Germany as “partners in leadership” in building a peaceful
and secure post Cold War world. A confluence of factors brought this vision
closest to realization during the overlapping tenures of U.S. President Barack
Obama and German Chancellor Angela Merkel. Persistent limitations and
shifting conditions including the election of U.S. President Donald Trump now
call the future viability of the vision into question, even as U.S.-German ties
remain the most plausible anchor of cooperative transatlantic ties in a period
of global change.
Book Reviews
Authors: Druxes Helga , Goodwin Christopher Thomas , Corke Catriona , Hager Carol , von Mering Sabine , Newnham Randall , Luppes Jeff
Published: November 2018

David D. Kim, Cosmopolitan Parables: Trauma and Responsibility in
Contemporary Germany (Evanston: Northwestern University Press, 2017)

Johann Chapoutot, Greeks, Romans, Germans: How the Nazis Usurped Europe’s
Classical Past, trans. Richard R. Nybakken (Oakland: University of
California Press, 2016)

Kimberly Mair, Guerrilla Aesthetics: Art, Memory, and the West German Urban
Guerrilla (Montreal: McGill-Queen’s University Press, 2016)

David B. Audretsch and Erik E. Lehmann, The Seven Secrets of Germany:
Economic Resilience in an Era of Global Turbulence (Oxford: Oxford University
Press, 2015)

Craig Morris and Arne Jungjohann, Energy Democracy: Germany’s
Energiewende to Renewables. (New York: Palgrave MacMillan, 2016)

Peter Polek-Springer, Recovered Territory: A German-Polish Conflict over Land
and Culture, 1919-1989 (Oxford: Berghahn Books, 2015)

Manuel Borutta and Jan C. Jansen, ed., Vertriebene and Pieds-Noirs in Postwar
Germany and France: Comparative Perspectives (Houndmills: Palgrave
MacMillan, 2016).