bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Assessing the status of mechanization and proposing technical solutions for lime farming in the Mekong River Delta
Authors: Kha Tuyen C
Published: July 2021

This study was conducted to assess the current status of mechanization in lime growing activities of farmer households in the Mekong River Delta. The current status of mechanization was assessed through different groups of criteria that reflect the scale of mechanization level, resources of farmers applying mechanization, results, and production efficiency. The level of machine and technology application was assessed by building the mechanization index. With a sample of 555 lime farmer households in Long An and Ben Tre, the results showed that the application of machines and equipment in lime growing activities in the study area was quite limited. Households mainly used machines in two stages including land preparation (42% of households applying mechanization) and tree care (93 %). The growth rate and mechanization investment of the 2016-2019 period were almost unchanged. The estimated results of mechanization index showed that most of lime growers had a very low mechanization application level with an average value of only 0.09. In fact, 2% of the surveyed households do not invest in mechanization in lime production, 89.8% are in the group with very low mechanization level, 3.1% at low mechanization level, only 5.1% at medium mechanization level and no household had high mechanization application level. From the survey results, potential technical solutions for lime farming in the Mekong River Delta were also proposed, including mechanization for small and medium farms and mechanization considerations for plant care. Finally, in order to improve the quality of lime fruit, the semi-mechanization harvesting systems and appropriate storage facility and suitable packaging are highly recommended.
Sto lat władzy lokalnej na polskiej wsi 1918–2018
Authors: Piasecki Andrzej , Ptak Arkadiusz
Published: July 2021

Problematyka władzy lokalnej jest z natury rzeczy bardzo szeroka i podejmowana przez przedstawicieli różnych dyscyplin naukowych. Każda z nich koncentruje się na nieco innym aspekcie funkcjonowania władzy lokalnej. W niniejszej monografii, mającej charakter przede wszystkim politologiczny, podjęto próbę odpowiedzi na dwa zasadnicze pytania badawcze: 1. Jakie społeczność wiejska miała polityczne i prawne możliwości udziału w wyłanianiu władz lokalnych oraz w zarządzaniu sprawami lokalnymi? 2. Jaką rolę w tym poszerzaniu (lub ograniczaniu) możliwości partycypacji odgrywały zmieniające się podziały terytorialne obszarów wiejskich?
Robert Sherard: The Cosmopolitan Journalist and the Slum Exposé, 1897–1905
Authors: Maltz Diana
Published: July 2021

The journalist Robert Sherard was committed to reworking the familiar slum-exploration narrative into a self-consciously crafted, even lyric genre. Guided by his identification as a bohemian aesthete, he employed high-literary allusions to elicit readers’ compassion for the poor. When he moved from the early industrial exposé of The White Slaves of England to projects less focused on specific trades and their locales, he was forced to cover wider geographic ground and work on a tighter schedule. Granted less time to get to know poor locals, he felt wary and vulnerable among them, forgoing incognito slumming after briefly attempting it. Sherard resorted to a more conservative judgment of the poor, devising a set of signs by which to read and interpret their morality from a distance. In particular, he revived the mid-Victorian concept of moral character as a tool for understanding and justifying their degradation. At the heart of Sherard’s slum writing is the tension inherent in flâneurie in practice: the desire to achieve an incisive observation of the crowd and a resistance to being subsumed in it. Ultimately, his slum prose reflects his struggles as he sought to reconcile his identities as an investigative journalist, an urban flaneur, and an aesthetic prose stylist.
Assessing subjective burden and quality of life in family caregivers of older adults
Authors: Wachholz Patrick Alexander , Damiance Patricia Ribeiro Mattar
Published: July 2021

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate subjective burden and perceived quality of life in primary caregivers who care for older adults at home. Caregivers were followed up in a pilot support group. The study also sought to describe the experience of encouraging dialogue and interaction within this group. METHODS: This quanti-qualitative study was limited to nine family caregivers. Data were collected using the following instruments: the World Health Organization Quality of Life abbreviated version, the Zarit caregiver burden interview, the family APGAR questionnaire, the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale, the Katz index of independence in activities of daily living, and the Neuropsychiatric Inventory. Dialogue and interaction in the support group meetings was encouraged through guiding questions. RESULTS: The family caregivers, mostly women with low education, were responsible for older patients who were functionally dependent and had a low frequency and intensity of neuropsychiatric symptoms. The caregivers actively participated in the pilot group. They reported a mild subjective burden and did not present depressive symptoms. They had borderline anxiety symptoms and scores above 60 for all quality of life domains, in addition to good family functionality. CONCLUSIONS: The participants in this pilot group had a mild subjective burden, good perceived quality of life, and showed interest in a caregiver support group. Such groups could be a complementary and instrumentalizing practice in home care and could contribute to a lower caregiver burden and caregiver anxiety, improving their perceived quality of life related to the psychological and social relationship domains.
Obesity is associated with lack of access to dental care and physical activity among older adults: a cross-sectional study
Authors: Scalco Natália Rigon , Muniz Francisco Wilker Mustafa Gomes , Rosalen Nathália Prigol , Sachett Diandra Genoveva , Silva Nathalia Ribeiro Jorge da , Colussi Paulo Roberto Grafitti
Published: July 2021

OBJECTIVE: This study evaluated the prevalence of obesity and associated factors among older adults. METHODS: This was a household-based cross-sectional study involving 282 individuals aged ≥ 60 years recruited in the city of Veranópolis, Brazil, using random probabilistic sampling. Participants underwent a clinical oral examination and completed a structured questionnaire. Obesity was determined based on body mass index (BMI). Individuals were divided into two groups based on the presence (BMI ≥ 30 kg/m2) or absence of obesity (BMI < 30 kg/m2). Uni- and multivariate analyses were performed using Poisson regression with robust variance. RESULTS: The prevalence of obesity was 34% (n = 96). Each 1-year increase in age resulted in a 3.09% decrease in the likelihood of being classified as having obesity (prevalence ratio [PR] = 0.969; 95% confidence interval [95%CI] 0.949 – 0.989). Older adults that reported walking < 5 or ≥ 5 times per week were 39.65 and 37.20% less likely to be classified as obese. The PRs of obesity in former and non-smokers were 4.40 and 5 times higher, respectively, than in current smokers (p < 0.05). Older adults with no access to dental care were 51.72% (p = 0.013) more likely to present with obesity. CONCLUSIONS: There was a high prevalence of obesity among older adults. Obesity was associated with lower age, smoking status, no access to dental care, and a lack of physical activity.
Evaluación agronómica de seis variedades de arroz (Oryza sativa L.) sembradas en dos épocas bajo riego, en el municipio de San Buenaventura, Bolivia
Authors: Cordero Flores Pamela , Manzaneda Delgado Fernando
Published: July 2021

El arroz constituye la base alimenticia de grandes regiones desarrolladas y en vías de desarrollo, el incremento de su producción es un elemento esencial en la lucha contra el hambre y la desnutrición. En ese sentido, el objetivo de la investigación es realizar la evaluación agronómica de seis variedades de arroz sembradas en dos épocas, bajo riego, en el municipio de San Buenaventura. La investigación fue realizada en la comunidad Santa Rosita, cantón San Buenaventura del departamento de La Paz, Bolivia. Se utilizó el diseño de bloques al azar en serie, los factores fueron las variedades de arroz (SAAVEDRA 27, MAC-18, CAISY 50, IAC-103, EPAGRI-109 y PAITITÍ) y épocas de siembra (seca y húmeda), dando como resultado 12 tratamientos; las variables de respuesta fueron días a la floración, días a la cosecha, número de macollos por planta, altura de planta, longitud de panícula, número de panículas, número de granos por panícula, porcentaje de granos maduros, peso de 1000 gramos y rendimiento. Las variedades CAISY 50 y EPAGRI-109 mostraron igual comportamiento y mayor número de días a la floración y días a la cosecha que las otras variedades, lo cual muestra que tiene mayor tiempo de formación de biomasa. El rendimiento respecto a las épocas del año difiere en época seca (5 054.52 kg ha-1) y época húmeda (3 340.50 kg ha-1) de forma considerable, los rendimientos obtenidos en la época seca fueron estadísticamente similares, afirmando que cualquier variedad es recomendable en época seca; en época húmeda se presentó diferencias, teniendo a la variedad CAISY 50 con mayor rendimiento recomendado (3 340.50 kg ha-1). Las nuevas variedades de alto rendimiento y el uso de prácticas mejoradas de cultivo de arroz, han demostrado que en zonas que cuentan con la suficiente disponibilidad de agua, es posible obtener elevados rendimientos, dando la posibilidad a los agricultores de ser competitivos y eficientes.
Permanent Cure of Allergic Rhinitis
Authors: Akbar R. A. , Ali M. M. , Aslam U. , Iqbal Z. , Jafri S. Q. A. , Bajwa R. A.
Published: July 2021

Background: The allergic rhinitis is one of the most miserable disease and most of the sufferers waste a lot of time in place of earning and at home. The main treatment of this disease is avoidance of allergen. There are many different ways to avoid allergens but it is not acceptable for many patients in the long term. These are use of nasal filter and face mask, change of job, change of city etc. Aim: To assess the effectiveness of air purifier in the management of allergic rhinitis. Methods: As this is not possible in many cases, doctors prescribe different medical treatments. Systemic therapy includes different types of antihistamines, immunotherapy and steroids such as nasal sprays and topical decongestants. Every treatment modality has its own complications like topical decongestants cause rhinitis medicamentosa which is very difficult to manage. Steroids are prescribed in oral or injectable form. It causes hypertension, gastritis and peptic ulcers, re-distribution of body fat, Cushing’s syndrome and hirsuitism. Moreover patient has lack of concentration, sleepiness and dryness of nose. In long term follow up these medical interventions are not effective as many patients are non compliant due to side effects of these treatment modalities. Now in this new era it is possible to clean our room air from allergens and other agents by different methods, which can prevent the allergic rhinitis. Results: We are dealing with only nasal allergies and not vasomotor rhinitis, which is a completely different disease as it involves autonomic nervous system. We advised patient to purchase and use air purifier at home and during duty in the office. Patient may use special mask containing HEPA (High Frequency Particulate Air Filter) filter when they are working outside Conclusion: Air purifier machine contains HEPA filter, which sucks the air of room and remove the particles of size up to, even viruses and bacteria are also removed. Now patients feel comfortable in this healthy environment and sleep without any symptoms like itching, rhinorrhoea, blocked nose and eye problems resulting in improved quality of life. Keywords: Allergic rhinitis, Particulate matter, Air purifier
Health Related Quality Of Life among Individuals with Left Ventricular Diastolic Dysfunction Post Six Months
Authors: Zia I. , Waqas S. , Asim H. M. , Tariq M. , Shahzad A.
Published: July 2021

Aim: To describe health related quality of life using Minnesota Living with Heart Failure Questionnaire (MLWHFQ) in individuals of LVDD post six months. Methods: Descriptive cross sectional survey on 72 individuals of LVDD post six months was conducted. Sample was calculated by WHO sample size calculator keeping μ as 0.49, margin of error as 5% and confidence interval as 95%. Data was collected by MLWHFQ via interview method with Non probability convenience sampling technique from Punjab Institute of Cardiology Lahore and Sheikh Zayed Hospital Lahore during August 2018 to January 2019. Stable individuals both male and female were recruited who aged between 50-71 years old. The baseline characteristic taken in account was NYHA of Heart Failure greater than 2, 50% or more Ejection Fraction, Diastolic Dysfunction (grade ≥1) and at least one of the positive cardiovascular risk factor. Results: Out of a total 72 subjects 41 were males and 31 were females with scores on MLWHFQ showed that out of a total 72 LVDD, HRQOL of 3(4.2%) patients were not affected, 3(4.2%) were very little effected, 7(9.7%) were little effected, 4(5.7%) was moderately effected, 34(47.2%) were much effected and 21(29.2%) were very much effected. Conclusion: The study concluded that health related quality of life using was found out to be much effected in subjects of Left Ventricular diastolic Dysfunction. Keywords: Quality of life, Left Ventricular diastolic dysfunction, Cardiac Disease
Evaluation of the Prevalence of Childhood Autism Awareness amongst Medical Professionals in Pakistan
Authors: Noor N. , Talha M. , Ahmad S. A. , Mohydin M. , Shah S. S A. , Mohydin S. , Faheem F.
Published: July 2021

Aim: To evaluate the level of awareness regarding childhood autism among medical professionals of Pakistan. Methodology: A cross-sectional descriptive survey was conducted among 105 medical students and health-care professionals to estimate their knowledge regarding Autism in Pakistan. By random sampling method, questionnaires were distributed during the month of April 2020. IRB approval was obtained. Results: The results have highlighted that medical students have significant knowledge of Autism Spectrum Disorder while Post Graduate trainees and House Officers have moderate knowledge. However, it is alarming to see that there is lack of knowledge among Medical Officers and Consultants. Due to this deficient knowledge gap, medical practitioners are unaware of the severity of this disorder in the region. The results emphasize that there is either initial lack of medical school curriculum or over time knowledge of medical professionals decreases due to which they are unable to identify the prevalent disorders. Conclusion: ASD is a pertinent regional health concern. Lack of clinical knowledge of this disorder amongst healthcare professionals, needs to be addressed by application of awareness systems. This will improve diagnosis and redesign treatment modalities alongside strategize preventive measures. Keywords: Autism Spectrum Disorder, Medical, Student, Child Development Disorders
Stigmatization of Healthcare Workers during the COVID-19 Pandemic
Authors: Khalid M. F. , Alam M. , Rehman F. , Sarfaraz R.
Published: July 2021

Aim: To study stigmatization of healthcare workers due to COVID-19 pandemic Methodology: Using a cross-sectional study, a total of 134 healthcare workers were approached at Mayo Hospital, Lahore. An interview based, pre-tested, semi-constructed questionnaire consisting of both open and close ended questions were used for data collection. Data was analyzed using SPSS version 26. Results: Out of 134 healthcare workers, 40.3% were male and 59.7% were female. Distribution among doctors and nurses was 60.4% and 39.6% respectively. 51.5% of healthcare workers felt stigmatized due to working in the COVID-19 pandemic. 69.4% of healthcare workers knew of other people who faced similar stigmatization due to their exposure to COVID-19. Almost each age group and specialty faced such stigmatization. Conclusion: This study helped in understanding the stigma healthcare workers had to face during COVID-19 Pandemic which lead to significant distress and suffering for the healthcare workers. Keywords: COVID-19, pandemic, stigmatization, healthcare workers
Post-operative Complications of Patients Underwent Mastoidectomy at Tertiary Care Hospital
Authors: Saleem M. W. , Wajid S. Ali, L.
Published: July 2021

Aim: To analyze the post mastoidectomy complications in patients presenting at tertiary care hospital. Methods: This case series study was conducted at Department of ENT, DG Khan Hospital, DG Khan from March 2020 to September 2020 over the period of 6 months. Total 65 patients came for open cavity mastoidectomy either male or female having age between 20-60 years were selected for this study. Results: In present study 65 patients had undergone open cavity mastoidectomy. Mean age of the patients was 39.95 ± 12.57 years. Out of 65 patients, cavity complications was found in 20 (31%) patients. Among the 20 patients who had cavity problems, the most common problem was prolonged discharge found in 19 (95%) patients followed by accumulation of wax in the cavity was found in 5 (25%) patients, Vertigo persisting beyond the immediate postoperative period was found in 3 (15%) patients, perichondritis of pinna was seen in 1 (5%) patients, development of facial palsy was found in 5 (50%) patients, recurrent cholesteatoma was found in 3 (15%) patients and wound infection was found in 2 (10%) patients. Conclusion: Results of present study showed higher rate of post operative complications after mastoidectomy. Sclerotic mastoid was most common. Higher rate of complications was seen after 40th decade of life. Most of the patients were male as compared to female. Prolonged discharge was the most common problem. Keywords: Mastoidectomy, Cavity, Meatoplasty, Pneumatisation, Cholesteatoma
POTENSI EKSTRAK DAUN CAMELLIA SINENSIS SEBAGAI UPAYA PREVENTIF TERHADAP SERANGAN ASMA
Authors: Alim Angelica Riadi
Published: July 2021

Pendahuluan: Asma adalah penyakit respiratorik yang memiliki prevalensi tinggi di seluruh dunia. Salah satu gejala asma adalah serangan asma, yaitu sesak napas. Gejala ini dapat berakhir fatal jika tidak diatasi dengan baik.

Metode: Tinjauan Pustaka ini disusun dengan cara meninjau beberapa sumber ilmiah dengan beberapa kata kunci. Selanjutnya penulis menganalisis, meninjau dan memilah referensi yang relevan.

Pembahasan: Kandungan kafein dalam daun Camellia sinensis dapat berfungsi sebagai bronkodilator sehingga penggunaan ekstrak daun C. sinensis dapat menjadi solusi yang tepat dalam upaya preventif terhadap serangan asma dan menurunkan angka mortalitas asma.

Simpulan: Penggunaan ekstrak daun Camellia sinensis berpotensi sebagai upaya preventif terhadap serangan asma.

Kata Kunci: asma, Camellia sinensis, kafein
THE RELATIONSHIP OF STRESS AND USE BB CREAM OF THE OCCURRENCE OF ACNE VULGARIS IN STUDENT AT UNIVERSITY OF MUHAMMADIYAH SURAKARTA FORCES MEDICAL 2018
Authors: Sesanti Ramadhina Tria
Published: July 2021

Akne vulgaris adalah penyakit kulit yang banyak terjadi pada sekitar 80-100% populasi pada usia 15-18 tahun ke atas. Menurut studi Global Burden of Disease (GBD), akne vulgaris mengenai 85% orang dewasa muda berusia 12–25 tahun. Penyakit ini menyebabkan depresi dan kecemasan. Etiologi dari akne belum diketahui secara pasti, tetapi pada usia pubertas dipengaruhi oleh beberapa faktor risiko, yaitu meningkatnya hormon androgen, penggunakan kosmetik, personal hygine, pola tidur yang buruk dan stres. Untuk mengetahui hubungan tingkat stres dan pemakaian bb cream terhadap kejadian akne vulgaris. Desain penelitian menggunakan cross sectional dan dilakukan pada bulan Januari 2021 pada mahasiswi FK UMS angkatan 2018. Besar subjek pada penelitian ini adalah 33 responden yang sesuai dengan kriteria restriksi dan pengambilan sampel menggunakan teknik purposive sampling. Data tingkat stres dan pemakaian BB cream menggunakan kuesioner. Data kejadian akne vulgaris dengan diagnosis oleh dokter umum. Data analisis menggunakan uji chi-square dan uji regresi logistik. Hasil uji chi-square terdapat hubungan antara tingkat stres terhadap kejadian akne vulgaris (p=0,001), terdapat hubungan antara pemakaian BB cream terhadap kejadian akne vulgaris (p=0,003). Hasil analisis multivariat stres menunjukkan nilai p = 0,010 (p<0,05) dan timbulnya akne vulgaris dan pada variabel BB cream menunjukkan nilai p = 0,027 (p<0,05). Terdapat hubungan antara tingkat stres terhadap kejadian akne vulgaris, terdapat hubungan antara tingkat stres terhadap kejadian akne vulgaris.
POTENSI BIOSUPLEMEN SINBIOTIK DALAM SOYGURT SEBAGAI TERAPI ADJUVAN PADA PASIEN NEFROPATI DIABETIK
Authors: Krismondani Ratna
Published: July 2021

Pendahuluan: Saat ini prevalensi diabetes melitus (DM) tipe 2 di seluruh dunia mencapai proporsi pandemik yang menyerang lebih dari 8% populasi global (hampir lebih dari 350 juta orang) dan akan meningkat menjadi lebih dari 550 juta orang pada tahun 2035. Hiperglikemia persisten pada pasien diabetes melitus dapat berkembang menjadi penyakit ginjal kronis yang disebut nefropati diabetik. Diperkirakan 25 % hingga 40 % penderita diabetes melitus akan berkembang menjadi nefropati diabetik secara progresif setelah 15 tahun durasi penyakitnya terjadi dan 20 % pasien nefropati diabetik akan berkembang menjadi penyakit ginjal stadium akhir atau end stage kidney disease (ESKD) yang membutuhkan transpalantasi organ atau dialisis. Intervensi terapeutik yang diberikan untuk pasien DM dengan nefropati diabetik belum dapat mencegah progresifitas kerusakan ginjal. Penelitian akhir-akhir ini menemukan potensi dari biosuplemen sinbiotik soygurt sebagai terapi adjuvant yang potensial untuk pasien nefropati diabetik.

Pembahasan: Soygurt merupakan biosuplemen yang berasal dari susu kedelai yang di fermentasikan. Potensinya sebagai terapi adjuvant pada pasien nefropati diabetik melalui dua mekanisme yaitu mekanisme langsung dan tidak langsung. Pada mekanisme langsung bermanfaat dalam memperbaiki dan mencegah kerusakan ginjal dengan berperan sebagai antioksidan, menghambat pelepasan mediator inflamasi dan faktor koagulasi darah, serta memperbaiki dan menghambat terjadinya fibrosis pada ginjal. Sedangkan pada mekanisme tidak langsung bermanfaat dalam menurunkan faktor risiko terjadi komplikasi diabetes melitus pada ginjal seperti obesitas, resistensi insulin, hiperglikemi, hipertensi dan dislipidemia.

Simpulan: Biosuplemen sinbiotik soygurt memiliki potensi yang besar dalam mencegah progresifitas dan memperbaiki faktor risiko kerusakan ginjal pada pasien nefropati diabetik.
Libel tourism – a solution in sight?
Authors: Hartley Trevor C
Published: July 2021

N/A
“Everything should be as simple as possible but not simpler”: practice and procedure in defamation proceedings
Authors: Gillen The Honourable Mr Justice
Published: July 2021

N/A
Courts and the emergence of statehood in post-colonial Africa
Authors: Ellett Rachel L
Published: July 2021

N/A
The laws of social reproduction: a lesson in appropriation
Authors: Kostiswaran Prabha
Published: July 2021

This article offers insights into the law’s appropriation of women’s reproductive labour, namely, the intimate labours that they typically carry out in the context of marriage to biologically, socially, emotionally and culturally reproduce members of the household by offering a range of goods and services. Feminist legal scholars have long demonstrated the law’s failure to recognise, much less value, such reproductive labour. Where the law does recognise such labour, feminists argue that it is largely within the parameters of the institution of heterosexual marriage to the exclusion of other organisational forms. The article extends this line of feminist legal critique to reveal feminists’ own reluctance within the debates on social reproduction to recognise the reproductive labour performed by women outside the family and explicitly for the market. Through a cross-sectoral comparison of the law’s regulation of three such sectors of women’s abject labour, namely, sex work, bar-dancing and commercial surrogacy, the article demonstrates how, despite their regulation through criminal law, licensing law and contract law, there are several structural similarities in the political economies of these sectors. Consequently, any change in the rule network pertaining to any one sector of women’s reproductive labour affects women in that sector but also in other sectors. The article argues that it is only through an examination of the deep interconnectedness between sectors of women’s reproductive labour that feminists can assess whether an alternative regulatory matrix would further women’s claims to economic justice.
An intermediate standard of proof in serious civil cases in England and Wales
Authors: Ragavan Shamini K
Published: July 2021

N/A
Regulating virtual currency: Case C-264/14 Skatteverket v David Hedqvist [2015] ECLI:EU:C:2015:718
Authors: Santana Sayira
Published: July 2021

Not available
Capitalising on the conceptual divide: access to public and private justice in children’s proceedings
Authors: McCormick Conor
Published: July 2021

Not available
Editorial
Authors: Wake Nicola , Arthur Raymond , Crofts Thomas
Published: July 2021

Not available
Raising the age of criminal responsibility in the Republic of Ireland: a legacy of vested interests and political expediency
Authors: Walsh Dermot
Published: July 2021

Throughout much of its history, juvenile justice in the Republic of Ireland has been oriented towards a justice as distinct from a welfare model. In the twenty-first century this was heavily amended pursuant to a justice agenda that emphasised criminalisation and punishment for offenders as young as 10 years of age. The treatment of the age of criminal responsibility has been an integral part of this trajectory. Raising the age of criminal responsibility from the common law low of 7 years in the Republic of Ireland has proved a surprisingly difficult endeavour. This article examines why the age of criminal responsibility in the Republic of Ireland was maintained at the common law age of 7 years, why there should have been such dithering over the reform when it eventually did come, and why the current law still criminalises children of a very young age. It argues that answers to these questions can be found in a volatile combination of religious values and interests, economic and social constraints, public intolerance of childhood offending, a lack of principled political leadership at the heart of the state, and the relative neglect of expert knowledge from the behavioural and neuro-sciences.
You can't judge a book by its cover: evolving professional responsibilities, liabilities and 'judgecraft' when a party has Asperger's Syndrome
Authors: Cooper Penny , Allely Clare
Published: July 2021

In the context of increasing legal emphasis on fairness for people with disability, this article analyses the responsibilities and liabilities of lawyers in relation to the recognition and identification of client disability, and specifically Asperger's Syndrome, prior to a hearing. This article also analyses the judge's responsibilities when a party has Asperger's Syndrome. Lord Justice Gillen's seven points of principle and practical guidance for fair hearings when a party has a disability (Galo v Bombardier Aerospace UK) are used as a framework to explore the art of judging, or 'judgecraft'.
Abortion by telemedicine in Northern Ireland: patient and professional rights across borders
Authors: Hervey Tamara , Sheldon Sally
Published: July 2021

The uneasy legal and political settlement regarding abortion in Northern Ireland has long relied on the outsourcing of aspects of reproductive health care. While local health services offer only highly restricted access to termination procedures, women travel to access abortion services elsewhere. However, technological changes, in particular the development of abortifacient medicines, are revolutionising this aspect of reproductive healthcare. Rather than women having to travel to a service, today that service can travel to women through the postal supply of abortion pills, sourced via the internet. While online supply of pharmaceuticals can pose potential public health risks, at least two groups offer safe and effective telemedical services to women in Northern Ireland. Women on Web and Women Help Women each supply abortion pills, under prescription from a doctor based in another country, to women who wish to end a pregnancy of nine weeks or less. Here, we consider the extent to which the telemedical abortion services that they offer are protected by transnational law, in particular, EU provisions on cross-border services. This offers new and hitherto unexplored lines of legal argument (including defences against criminal prosecution and challenges to a state's attempts to restrict the flow of services). Through claiming the autonomy-based legal relationships implicit in transnational law and the power that flows therefrom, we suggest, women may challenge regulatory arrangements which seek to limit their reproductive rights.
Self-sacrificing mothers as revered deities of social policy initiatives: reflections on the Huastec mother goddess and conditional cash transfer programmes
Authors: Handl Melissa
Published: July 2021

This paper explains how an object – a sculpture of a Huastec goddess – has caused me to reflect differently on my doctoral dissertation work and how it has contributed to my research by helping to challenge and develop existing qualitative research methods used in my project. My research project investigates gender equality in the context of conditional cash transfers in Argentina in order to investigate whether they are empowering women. The sculpture of the Huastec Goddess has impacted on my research methods in different ways. Firstly, it has allowed me to emphasise the instrumentalisation of beneficiary women. Secondly, the Huastec sculpture has challenged my epistemological assumptions. Finally, the Huastec sculpture as an object moving from culture to culture and ending up in a museum as a collected artifact has encouraged me to think more carefully about the ethical implications of qualitative research.
The debate about wheelchair spaces on buses goes ‘round and round’: access to public transport for people with disabilities as a human right
Authors: Pearson Abigail
Published: July 2021

This article examines the cases bought by Paulley concerning access to buses for wheelchair users when the wheelchair space is occupied by a buggy. It argues that the conclusion by the Supreme Court was unsatisfactory and a missed opportunity for a public statement about the rights of people with disabilities. It argues that reasonable adjustment is a problematic concept and fails to address the competing needs of social groups in terms of accessibility. This is compounded by traditional distinctions between disability and impairment and a failure to consider disability access in the context of human rights despite the ratification of the UN Convention on the Rights of Persons with Disabilities.
Harmonisation of avoidance rules in European Union insolvencies: the critical elements in formulating a scheme
Authors: Keay Andrew
Published: July 2021

Only the harmonisation of laws is seen as being able to solve legal uncertainty resulting from legal diversity, but, notwithstanding the advent of the EC Regulation on Insolvency Proceedings, thus far there is no real harmonisation of insolvency laws in the EU. There are indications that the European Commission (EC) has been considering the formulation of a scheme for the harmonisation of the rules that apply in insolvency proceedings to permit the avoidance of transactions entered into prior to the commencement of insolvency proceedings. On this basis this article identifies and analyses those factors that will need to be considered and addressed in the formulation of any harmonised scheme, as well as ascertaining the problems that these factors may cause in the construction of such a scheme. This is a critical issue, for it is all well and good to say that there should be harmonisation, but how that is done, what must be taken into account and what is included in any harmonised scheme is another matter and requires careful thought and consultation.
Regulatory revolution and new competition in the European Union payments industry
Authors: Copeland Rory
Published: July 2021

N/A
Learning from the laws of the sea, Foucault and regulatory theory: proposing a ‘regulatory harbour’ model for the regulation of social media that serves rather than rules the waves
Authors: Scaife Laura
Published: July 2021

This paper will make a modest case of the regulation of social media. Improved rule-making comes when the means of securing compliance is shaped having regard to the particular problem at hand, rather than by clinging to the notion that rules shape the world. Through a consideration of the regulation of the sea, this paper has served to illustrate that regulation is possible. In the context of social media, where individuals work constantly on their self-identity and perform self-development though expressive activities in public, the use of social media sites can represent what Foucault described as techniques of the self. This paper proposes a theoretical and methodological approach to thinking about the regulation of social media as conceptualised in an iterative and dynamic model that is characterised by the technologisation of human interaction and increasingly transparent ways of living in an age of ‘technologies of the self ’. This approach will facilitate a more critical, responsive and iterative awareness of the regulation of expressive content in a way that can grow with the technological state of the art, alive to cultural sensitivities and the use of the tools as a vessel for self-development.
Healthcare resource allocation in the English courts: a systems theory perspective
Authors: Syrett Keith
Published: July 2021

Engagement with sociological perspectives can enrich an understanding of medical law and provide a basis for critique of certain of its key premises. Since both law and healthcare are frequently conceptualised and analysed as systems, the theoretical frameworks developed by Niklas Luhmann and Gunther Teubner would seem to offer particular promise in this regard. This article explores a particular area of medical law to which an understanding of the social (and political-economic) context of decision-making is of clear importance – adjudication upon the allocation of scarce resources – in order to identify what insights may be gained from an approach grounded in systems theory.
Book review: Depression: Law and Ethics, edited by Charles Foster and Jonathan Herring
Authors: Skowron Paul
Published: July 2021

N/A
How contractual terms determine fiduciary duties: a two-stage process
Authors: Gibbs-Kneller David , Whayman Derek
Published: July 2021

The determination of the scope of the fiduciary duty of loyalty, when created by contract, is not a unitary process. It is raised following a multi-factorial enquiry, which considers the nature of the engagement, in a first stage. Here, no single factor is conclusive. It is then, in a separate, second stage, reduced by qualifying contractual terms, which are applied almost strictly logically. This second stage uses the contractual doctrines of interpretation and implication. However, since it is a form of the fiduciary doctrine of authorisation, those contractual doctrines are modified according to fiduciary principles. We argue this follows from the underlying nature of the fiduciary obligation as a way of resolving its internal tensions. While this division has not yet been fully recognised in the cases, the courts have been inching towards it. However, not fully recognising this inevitable division and eliding the two stages has led to defective reasoning and outcomes.
Moving on from a judicial preference for mediation to embed appropriate dispute resolution
Authors: Ahmed Masood
Published: July 2021

This paper critically considers judicial approaches to and promotion of mediation within the English civil justice system. It argues that the overzealous judicial emphasis on mediation in the ADR jurisprudence has restricted the wider concepts of ADR and ‘dispute resolution’ which in turn has created what the author terms ‘judicial mediation bias’. The paper critically explores these issues through an analysis of the ADR jurisprudence, with a focus on key Court of Appeal ADR authorities, and successive civil justice reforms. The paper makes proposals for reform, including the potential use of stages one and two of Lord Justice Briggs’ online court to promote a greater application of a variety of ADR procedures, in particular, judicial early neutral evaluation and collaborative dispute resolution.
Limited, inclusive, and communitarian: in defence of recognising property in the human body
Authors: Maddox Neil
Published: July 2021

While recognising property in the human body would have its uses, there are objections to granting such rights given the unique nature of the body. One objection is that property serves individualistic and not communitarian values and fails to capture the body’s relational interdependent nature. I contest this objection as it takes an overly narrow view of property as being ‘Blackstonian’ in character, eliding the diversity of property institutions that actually exist. Thus, the usefulness of property law in the protection and management of community resources and the manner in which property is often limited by non-property interests that the law is accustomed to protecting have not been accounted for. I contend that property facilitates cooperative human activity and could potentially provide useful tools for the protection of individual and communal rights in the body. I further contend that, where property rights have tentatively been recognised in human biomaterials, they are not strongly exclusive in character and are consistent with property’s inclusive and communitarian nature in being limited to prevent public harm and by reference tothe non-property interests of other persons and the community.
Three aspects of litigation funding
Authors: Capper David
Published: July 2021

This comment reviews three decisions of the Supreme Court of Ireland from the last three years which concern different aspects of litigation funding. Persona Digital Telephony Ltd v Minister for Public Enterprise is about the direct provision of financial support for litigation, something which the Supreme Court invalidated as contravening the ancient principles of maintenance and champerty. In SPV Osus v HSBC Institutional Trust Services the Supreme Court unsurprisingly struck down an assignment of a right to litigate as also savouring of maintenance and champerty. Finally in Moorview Development Ltd v First Active plc the Supreme Court considered when a third party supporting litigation in circumstances not covered by Persona Digital might be required to pay the costs of the defendant should the litigation supported be lost. Persona Digital is a decision of mainly Irish significance, but the other decisions have implications for the wider common law in relation to two matters. The first is whether the difference between financing a claim and buying it is more than a matter of form. The second is the appropriate approach of courts wherever situated to making a non-commercial funder of civil litigation liable to pay the costs of an opposing litigant.
Why does the United Kingdom now need a written constitution?
Authors: Blick Andrew , Dickson Brice
Published: July 2021

N/A
27 MAYIS ASKERİ DARBESİNİN ARDINDAN ALPARSLAN TÜRKEŞ KARŞITLIĞININ BASINDA İNŞASI: AKİS MECMUA ÖRNEĞİ
Authors: KIZAK Enes Bahadır
Published: July 2021

Akis, 1954 yılında yayın hayatına başlamıştır. Ancak 27 Mayıs’tan hemen önce kapatılmış ve askeri darbenin ardından yayın hayatına yeniden başlamıştır. Derginin imtiyaz sahibi Metin Toker’in aynı zamanda CHP Genel Başkanı İsmet İnönü’nün damadı olması, Akis’i siyasi yaşamı okumada önemli bir noktaya taşımaktadır. Akis, 27 Mayıs sonrasında Başbakanlık Müsteşarı olan ve fikirleriyle diğer aktörlerden farklılaşan Alparslan Türkeş’e de önemli bir yer ayırmıştır. 27 Mayıs’tan, Alparslan Türkeş’in de tasfiye edildiği Kasım ayının sonuna kadar geçen sürede Türkeş, neredeyse bütün yayınların konusu olmuştur. Özellikle Alparslan Türkeş’in ve Türkeş’e yakın isimlerin iktidarı CHP’ye bırakmama fikri, Akis’te endişeyle karşılanmış ve bu fikirler üzerinden Türkeş’e karşı bir yayın politikası geliştirilmiştir. Alparslan Türkeş’in kişiliğinin övüldüğü durumlar
da söz konusudur; ancak genel olarak değerlendirildiğinde, 27 Mayıs’tan itibaren Türkeş ve fikirleri eleştiri konusu haline getirilmiş, özellikle Metin Toker’in “Necip-Nasır” benzetmesi Türkeş’e yönelik algıları da etkilemiştir. Bu açıdan “kudretli albay” nitelemesinin kullanılması da anlamlıdır. Akis yayınlarında Alparslan Türkeş’e yönelik bu durumu yoğun bir şekilde işleyerek, Türkeş’in fikirlerine karşı bir yayın politikası izlemiştir.
ANALISIS KELAYAKAN USAHA CABAI KERITING ORGANIK DI DESA JAYAPURA KECAMATAN JAYAPURA KABUPATEN OKU TIMUR
Authors: Pudiyaka
Published: July 2021

The purpose of this research is to: (1) To know whether from the profit of chili pepper management business can fulfill the needs of his family in Jayapura Village, Jayapura Subdistrict, OKU Timur Regency, (2) To know whether the profit contributed to households in Jayapura Village Kecamatan Jayapura, Kabupaten OKU Timur, (3) To know the feasibility level of chili plant management business in Jayapura Village, Jayapura District, East OKU Regency. This research has been conducted in Jayapura Village, Jayapura District, East OKU Regency, there is a business actor of chilli plant, with survey method. This research was conducted from December 2012 until February 2013. This research found that Chili business gives Benefit for chilli business actor in Jayapura Village Jayapura District with the amount of cost sacrificed in one production process is smaller than acceptance of chili cultivation in Jayapura Village, Jayapura District That is, the amount of cost that is sacrificed on average is Rp 16.022.305, - / Lg. With an average revenue of Rp. 32.283.240, - / Lg. And the average amount of revenue earned amounted to Rp 16,260,935, - / Lg. The income from chili farming in Jayapura Village, Jayapura Sub-district, contributed to the income of the family, on average, the main income is from the cultivation business of chili Rp 16.260.935, - / Lg. And other income from rice farming of business actors of Chili as much as Rp. 2,233,187, - with a contribution value of 73.53%.
KONTRIBUSI PENDAPATAN USAHA KERAJINAN TIKAR PURUN TERHADAP PENDAPATAN PETANI KARET DI DESA BETUNG KECAMATAN SEMENDAWAI BARAT KABUPATEN OKU TIMUR.
Authors: Catur Giyanto
Published: July 2021

The purpose of this study is to: (1) To know the cost and income in the business of handicraft mat in the village of Betung, West Semendawai District, OKU Timur Regency, (2) To know whether the business of handicraft mats deserves to be developed, (3) To Knowing the amount of income contribution of handicraft business mats down to family income in Betung Village, West Semendawai District, OKU Timur Regency. This research was conducted in Betung Village, West Semendawai District, OKU Timur Regency, the research method used was purposive method with the consideration that in Betung Village there are business actor of handicraft mats of purun, the research was conducted in February 2013. This research found that the cost On the business of handicraft mats purun Rp. 600.057.- / month while the income of the business is Rp. 259.943 .- / month. Based on the above analysis shows that the business of woven mat mendong worthy to be developed because the R / C 1.43 > 1. 1. and ROI 43%. The amount of income contribution from the handicraft business mat mats purun by 15.27% which categorized small income contribution to family income.
STRATEGI PEMASARAN BUAH SEMANGKA BULAT NON BIJI TERHADAP PENDAPATAN PETANI DI DESA TRIYOSO KECAMATAN BELITANG KABUPATEN OKU TIMUR
Authors: Aminullah
Published: July 2021

The purpose of this research were to : (1) To know the income of non-seedled watermelon farm in Triyoso Village, Belitang Sub-district, OKU Timur Regency, (2) To know the marketing strategy of non-seed watermelon farming in Triyoso Village Belitang District, OKU Timur Regency through descriptive analysis of SWOT . This research was conducted in Triyoso Village, Belitang District, East OKU Regency. The location of the study was determined purposively (Purposive) with the consideration that this area is a potential watermelon producer and plays an important role for the availability of watermelons in Triyoso and Belitang District. The research has been conducted in march 2014 to complete. The study found that the average non-grade A grade seed yield was 13,819, the class B average production was 2,210 kg / production process, and the C class was 558 kg with the total production amount of 16,587 and the average yield of the non- The average production cost of Rp 17,502,344 / production process obtained an average non-kernel round watermelon income of Rp 43,035,720 / production process and Strategy that can be developed in Marketing of non-seed round watermelon fruit in Triyoso Village Belitang District are: Maintaining the quality of seed products and enhancing cooperation with stakeholders and strengthening partnerships to maintain continuity of production and can survive in the market, monitoring the marketing risk of watermelon fruit with the government, Improving the management of watermelon farming Round non seed through cooperation With relevant agencies in order to increase competitiveness in the marketing of watermelon fruit.
ANALISIS SALURAN DISTRIBUSI PUPUK BERSUBSIDI UREA (PUSRI) DI KECAMATAN BELITANG KABUPATEN OKU TIMUR
Authors: Imam Sulaiman
Published: July 2021

The objectives of this research are: (1) To know the distribution channel of urea subsidized fertilizer (PUSRI) at MT I in Belitang Sub-district of OKU Timur Regency, (2) To calculate and to know fertilizer requirement and subsidized fertilizer allocation of urea (PUSRI) ) Which is absorbed in Belitang District of East OKU Regency. This research was conducted from February to April of 2014 on the distribution of urea subsidized fertilizer (PUSRI) in Belitang Sub-district of East OKU Regency with survey method. The research found that the distribution of urea subsidized fertilizer (PUSRI) in Belitang Sub-district was done indirectly through authorized retailers Which has been determined by the next distribution of GAPOKTAN or KUD filed RDKK according to the needs of each farmer group. After that each member of each new farmer group can take part of the fertilizer based on the RDKK as well as with the agreed upon system starting from the price of the amount and the payment system whether it will be paid in cash or seasonally (after the pen). The amount of urea subsidized fertilizer (PUSRI) absorbed from 9 villages in Belitang sub-district is ± 436,800 tons / LG / MT I with average of each village absorbing urea subsidized fertilizer (± PUSRI) of ± 43,680 tons / LG / MT I or about 90%. Meanwhile, the number of urea subsidized fertilizers (PUSRI) not absorbed from 9 villages in Belitang sub-district is ± 45.100 tons / LG / MT I with average of each urea subsidized fertilizer village (PUSRI) not absorbed as much as ± 4,510 tons / LG / MT I or about 10%. Thus, urea subsidized fertilizers (PUSRI) from 9 villages in Belitang sub-district are absorbed, rather than unabsorbed.