bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
ChatGPT as a Support Tool for Informed Consent and Preoperative Patient Education Prior to Penile Prosthesis Implantation
Authors: Schmidt Jacob , Lichy Isabel , Kurz Thomas , Peters Robert , Hofbauer Sebastian , Plage Hennig , Jeutner Jonathan , Schlomm Thorsten , Neymeyer Jörg , Ralla Bernhard
Published: December 2024

Background/Objectives: Artificial intelligence (AI), particularly natural language processing (NLP) models such as ChatGPT, presents novel opportunities for patient education and informed consent. This study evaluated ChatGPT’s use as a support tool for informed consent before penile prosthesis implantation (PPI) in patients with erectile dysfunction (ED) following radical prostatectomy. Methods: ChatGPT-4 answered 20 frequently asked questions across four categories: ED and treatment, PPI surgery, complications, and postoperative care. Three senior urologists independently rated information quality using the DISCERN instrument on a Likert scale ranging from 1 (poor quality) to 5 (good quality). Readability was assessed using the Flesch Reading Ease (FRE) and Flesch–Kincaid Grade Level (FKGL) formulas, and inter-rater reliability was measured using intraclass correlation coefficients. Results: The inter-rater reliability coefficient was 0.76 (95% CI 0.71–0.80). Mean DISCERN scores indicated moderate quality: 2.79 ± 0.92 for ED and treatment, 2.57 ± 0.98 for surgery, 2.65 ± 0.86 for complications, and 2.74 ± 0.90 for postoperative care. High scores (>4) were achieved for clarity and relevance, while complex issues, such as risks and alternative treatments, scored the lowest (<2). The FRE scores ranged from 9.8 to 28.39, and FKGL scores ranged from 14.04 to 17.41, indicating complex readability suitable for college-level comprehension. Conclusions: ChatGPT currently provides variable and often inadequate quality information without sufficient comprehensibility for informed patient decisions, indicating the need for further improvements in quality and readability.
Challenging Management of a Rare Complex Cerebral Arteriovenous Malformation in the Corpus Callosum and Post-Central Gyrus: A Case Study of a 41-Year-Old Female
Authors: Toader Corneliu , Brehar Felix Mircea , Radoi Mugurel Petrinel , Covache-Busuioc Razvan Adrian , Serban Matei , Ciurea Alexandru Vladimir , Dobrin Nicolaie
Published: December 2024

Background/Objectives: Cerebral arteriovenous malformations (AVMs) are rare but complex vascular anomalies, particularly challenging when located in eloquent regions such as the corpus callosum and post-central gyrus. This report aims to highlight the management and outcomes of a 41-year-old female patient with a hemorrhagic AVM in these critical areas, emphasizing the importance of early surgical intervention and advanced imaging techniques. Methods: The patient presented with a right-sided tonic–clonic seizure and expressive aphasia, prompting imaging that revealed a complex AVM with deep venous drainage and arterial supply from the anterior cerebral artery. A multidisciplinary team performed microsurgical resection via a left parasagittal fronto-parietal craniotomy. The surgical approach prioritized hematoma evacuation followed by a stepwise dissection of the AVM nidus under intraoperative monitoring. Results: Complete resection of the AVM was confirmed through postoperative angiographic and CT imaging. The patient showed stable recovery over 15 months, with no recurrence or new neurological deficits. This case demonstrates the critical role of advanced imaging, intraoperative strategies, and a multidisciplinary approach in achieving successful outcomes. Conclusions: Microsurgical resection remains the gold standard for AVMs in eloquent and deep-seated brain regions. Early diagnosis and tailored surgical interventions are crucial for managing these high-risk cases. This case underscores the importance of integrating advanced imaging, strategic surgical planning, and intraoperative monitoring to minimize complications and optimize long-term recovery.
Integrating Clinical and Histopathological Data to Predict Delayed Graft Function in Kidney Transplant Recipients Using Machine Learning Techniques
Authors: Tirasattayapitak Sittipath , Ratanatharathorn Cholatid , Thotsiri Sansanee , Sutharattanapong Napun , Wiwattanathum Punlop , Arpornsujaritkun Nuttapon , Sirisopana Kun , Worawichawong Suchin , Rostaing Lionel , Kantachuvesiri Surasak
Published: December 2024

Background: Given the significant impact of delayed graft function (DGF) on transplant outcomes, the aim of this study was to develop and validate machine learning (ML) models capable of predicting the risk of DGF in deceased-donor kidney transplantation (DDKT). Methods: This retrospective cohort study was conducted using clinical and histopathological data collected between 2018 and 2022 at Ramathibodi Hospital from DDKT donors, recipients, and post-implantation time-zero kidney biopsy samples to develop predictive models. The performance of three ML models (neural network, random forest, and extreme gradient boosting [XGBoost]) and traditional logistic regression on an independent test data set was evaluated using the area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUROC) and Brier score calibration. Results: Among 354 DDKT recipients, 64 (18.1%) experienced DGF. The key contributing factors included a donor body mass index > 23 kg/m2, donor diabetes mellitus, a prolonged cold ischemia time, a male recipient, and an interstitial fibrosis/tubular atrophy score of 2–3 in the time-zero kidney biopsy sample. The random forest model had a specificity of 99.96% and an AUROC of 0.9323, the neural network model had a specificity of 97.43% and an AUROC of 0.844, and the XGBoost model had a specificity of 99.81% and an AUROC of 0.989. A traditional statistical model had a specificity of 84.4% and an AUROC of 0.769. Conclusions: Predictive models, especially XGBoost models, have potential as tools for assessing DGF risk post-DDKT, guiding acceptance decisions, and avoiding risky biopsy, and they may be crucial in resource-limited settings.
A STEMI Complicated by Cardiogenic Shock Due to Simultaneous Acute Thrombosis of Two Coronary Vessels in the ‘Deadly Double Infarct Syndrome’: A Case Report and Discussion of Literature
Authors: Guarnieri Gianluca , Mele Daniela , Briguglia Daniele , Medda Massimo , Conte Edoardo , Bartorelli Antonio , Andreini Daniele
Published: December 2024

Background: ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI) remains a leading cause of mortality worldwide, primarily caused by acute thrombosis over atherosclerotic plaques. Simultaneous acute thrombosis in two coronary arteries is an exceptionally rare event. This report highlights a unique case of STEMI associated with cardiogenic shock due to dual coronary artery thrombosis and provides insights from a literature review on this rare condition. Methods: We report the case of a 58-year-old male with a history of hypertension, type II diabetes, and heavy smoking, who presented with a two-day history of chest pain and cardiogenic shock. Diagnostic evaluation included an electrocardiogram showing ST-segment elevation in AVR and ischemia, along with echocardiography revealing severe left ventricular dysfunction (ejection fraction 20%). Emergency coronary angiography was performed to identify the underlying pathology. Additionally, a literature review was conducted to analyze the characteristics and outcomes of similar cases of dual coronary artery thrombosis. Results: Coronary angiography identified significant occlusions in the proximal circumflex branch and the left anterior descending artery (LAD), a combination rarely reported in the literature. Our review confirmed that dual thrombosis involving the LAD and right coronary artery (RCA) is the most frequently described presentation of this condition, while simultaneous CFX and LAD thrombosis is exceedingly rare. Most reported cases, including ours, were associated with cardiogenic shock, highlighting the severity of this clinical entity. Despite successful thrombus aspiration and stenting, our patient experienced severe complications, including infections, pleural effusions, and paralytic ileus, ultimately requiring evaluation for left ventricular assist device implantation. Conclusions: This case underscores the complexity and critical challenges of managing STEMI with cardiogenic shock due to simultaneous coronary thrombosis. The findings from our literature review suggest the need for heightened clinical awareness and tailored revascularization strategies. Further studies are warranted to optimize management approaches and improve outcomes in such rare and high-risk scenarios.
Molecular Links and Clinical Effects of Inflammation and Metabolic Background on Ischemic Stroke: An Update Review
Authors: Pacinella Gaetano , Ciaccio Anna Maria , Tuttolomondo Antonino
Published: December 2024

Stroke is a major global health concern, with 12.2 million new cases and 6.6 million deaths reported in 2019, making it the second leading cause of death and third leading cause of disability worldwide. Ischemic stroke, caused by blood vessel occlusion, accounts for 87% of stroke cases and results in neuronal death due to oxygen and nutrient deprivation. The rising global stroke burden is linked to aging populations and increased metabolic risk factors like high blood pressure, obesity, and elevated glucose levels, which promote chronic inflammation. This article explores the intricate molecular and clinical interplay between inflammation and metabolic disorders, emphasizing their role in ischemic stroke development, progression, and outcomes.
Prognostic Factors for Mortality in Patients Aged 90 Years and Older with Proximal Femoral Fractures Undergoing Surgery: A Retrospective Study
Authors: Yokoo Suguru , Shiota Naofumi , Sato Toru , Muguruma Sho , Terada Chuji , Yorimitsu Masanori , Ozaki Toshifumi
Published: December 2024

Background/Objectives: Proximal femoral fractures (PFFs) among individuals aged ≥90 years are becoming more common with an aging population and are associated with high morbidity and mortality. This study analyzed the prognostic factors influencing survival in nonagenarian patients undergoing surgery for PFFs. Methods: We enrolled 285 patients who underwent surgery between 2016 and 2022. Patients were classified into two groups: those with postoperative survival >1 year (L) and those with postoperative survival ≤1 year (D). Factors assessed included age, sex, body mass index (BMI), cognitive impairment, fracture type, surgical timing, length of hospital stay, implant type, preoperative hemoglobin/albumin/white blood cell levels, and Geriatric Nutritional Risk Index (GNRI). Results: The mean age at surgery was 93.2 ± 2.8 years (mean follow-up = 18.9 months). The 12-month mortality rate was 28.8%. Intertrochanteric fractures were observed in 136/47 patients, and femoral neck fractures were observed in 67/35 patients in the L/D group, respectively (p = 0.13). Days from admission to surgery were not significantly associated with mortality (p = 0.56). The mean hospital stay was 17/22 days in the L/D group, respectively. Univariate analysis identified age, BMI, cognitive impairment, albumin level, and GNRI as statistically significant predictors. Multivariate analysis revealed length of hospital stay (odds ratio [OR] = 1.048 [95% confidence interval (CI): 1.019–1.078]; p = 0.001), cognitive impairment (OR = 3.082 [95% CI: 1.367–6.945]; p = 0.007), and GNRI (OR = 0.929 [95% CI: 0.901–0.958]; p < 0.001) as independent predictors of mortality. Conclusions: This study identified cognitive impairment, a low GNRI, and prolonged hospital stay as independent prognostic factors for 1-year mortality in nonagenarian patients with PFFs. These findings highlight the importance of addressing malnutrition and cognitive decline through tailored interventions, alongside optimizing surgical timing and hospital care. A multidisciplinary approach remains essential for improving survival outcomes in this vulnerable population.
Novel Flavin Mononucleotide-Functionalized Cerium Fluoride Nanoparticles for Selective Enhanced X-Ray-Induced Photodynamic Therapy
Authors: Kornienko Anastasia I. , Teplonogova Maria A. , Shevelyova Marina P. , Popkov Matvei A. , Popov Anton L. , Ivanov Vladimir E. , Popova Nelli R.
Published: December 2024

X-ray-induced photodynamic therapy (X-PDT) represents a promising new method of cancer treatment. A novel type of nanoscintillator based on cerium fluoride (CeF3) nanoparticles (NPs) modified with flavin mononucleotide (FMN) has been proposed. A method for synthesizing CeF3-FMN NPs has been developed, enabling the production of colloidal, spherical NPs with an approximate diameter of 100 nm, low polydispersity, and a high fluorescence quantum yield of 0.42. It has been demonstrated that CeF3-FMN NPs exhibit pH-dependent radiation-induced redox activity when exposed to X-rays. This activity results in the generation of reactive oxygen species, which is associated with the scintillation properties of cerium and the transfer of electrons to FMN. The synthesized NPs have been demonstrated to exhibit minimal cytotoxicity towards normal cells (NCTC L929 fibroblasts) but are more toxic to tumor cells (epidermoid carcinoma A431). Concurrently, the synthesized NPs (CeF3 and CeF3-FMN NPs) demonstrate a pronounced selective radiosensitizing effect on tumor cells at concentrations of 10−7 and 10−3 M, resulting in a significant reduction in their clonogenic activity, increasing radiosensitivity for cancer cells by 1.9 times following X-ray irradiation at a dose of 3 to 6 Gy. In the context of normal cells, these nanoparticles serve the function of antioxidants, maintaining a high level of clonogenic activity. Functional nanoscintillators on the basis of cerium fluoride can be used as part of the latest technologies for the treatment of tumors within the framework of X-PDT.
Progress in Pharmaceutical Sciences and Future Challenges
Authors: Cacabelos Ramón
Published: December 2024

Over the past 25 years, pharmaceutical sciences have witnessed numerous groundbreaking discoveries that have transformed medical practice, improved patient outcomes, and expanded our understanding of disease mechanisms [...]
Assessment of the Influence of the Life Cycle of Solar Power Plant Materials and Components on Ecosystem Quality
Authors: Leda Patryk , Szala Grzegorz , Piasecka Izabela
Published: December 2024

Currently, silicon is the most often utilized material for photovoltaic cell manufacturing, as it has the potential to convert solar energy directly into electricity. The silicon used in photovoltaic solutions must be highly pure. Large amounts of power, raw materials, and fossil fuels are consumed in the production process. Post-consumer treatment of polymers, materials, and components also requires energy and matter. These processes have a significant influence on the environment. As a result, the primary purpose of this article is to evaluate the influence of a photovoltaic power plant’s material and component life cycle on ecosystem quality. The research focuses on an actual photovoltaic power plant with a capacity of 2 MW located in northern Poland. According to the findings, photovoltaic modules are the part that has the most negative environmental impact, since their manufacturing requires a substantial amount of materials and energy (primarily from conventional sources). Post-consumer management, in the form of recycling after use, would provide major environmental advantages and reduce detrimental environmental consequences throughout the course of the solar power plant’s full life cycle.
An Option Pricing Formula for Active Hedging Under Logarithmic Investment Strategy
Authors: Zhu Minting , Wang Mancang , Wu Jingyu
Published: December 2024

Classic options can no longer meet the diversified needs of investors; thus, it is of great significance to construct and price new options for enriching the financial market. This paper proposes a new option pricing model that integrates the logarithmic investment strategy with the classic Black–Scholes theory. Specifically, this paper focus on put options, introducing a threshold-based strategy whereby investors sell stocks when prices fall to a certain value. This approach mitigates losses from adverse price movements, enhancing risk management capabilities. After deriving an analytical solution, we utilized mathematical software to visualize the factors influencing new option prices in three-dimensional space. The findings suggest that the pricing of these new options is influenced not only by standard factors such as the underlying asset price, volatility, risk-free rate of interest, and time to expiration, but also by investment strategy parameters such as the investment strategy index, investment sensitivity, and holding ratios. Most importantly, the pricing of new put options is generally lower than that of classic options, with numerical simulations demonstrating that under optimal parameters the new options can achieve similar hedging effectiveness at approximately three-quarters the cost of standard options. These findings highlight the potential of logarithmic investment strategies as effective tools for risk management in volatile markets. To validate our theoretical model, numerical simulations using data from Shanghai 50 ETF options were used to confirm its accuracy, aligning well with theoretical predictions. The new option model proposed in this paper contributes to enhancing the efficiency of resource allocation in capital markets at a macro level, while at a micro level, it helps investors to apply investment strategies more flexibly and reduce decision-making errors.
Analysis of Subtype, Molecular Clusters and Drug Resistance in Newly Diagnosed Individuals with HIV-1 Infection in Jiaxing City, Zhejiang Province, China in 2023
Authors: Ren Ganglin , Zhang Xiaofei , Ge Zhijian , Zhou Yamei , Lv Shencong , Song Yin , Ji Jimei , Li Lina , Yan Yong , Zhu Guoying
Published: December 2024

The analysis of the molecular epidemiological characteristics of newly diagnosed HIV-infected patients in Jiaxing City is essential for developing effective HIV prevention. Blood samples were collected from newly diagnosed HIV-infected individuals in Jiaxing City from October 2022 to October 2023, and the HIV-1 pol region gene was amplified and sequenced. These sequences were used to construct a molecular transmission network and analyse transmitted drug resistance mutations. We identified 11 subtypes, of which CRF07_BC and CRF01_AE were the most prevalent. The rate of surveillance drug resistance mutation (SDRM) sites in newly diagnosed cases was 9%. A total of 37 molecular transmission clusters were identified, the largest of which was the CRF07_BC-1 cluster (13 nodes). This cluster has five probable high-risk transmitters. Two additional larger clusters in the molecular network were the heterosexual transmission clusters for middle-aged and older males, CRF08_BC-1 (eight nodes) and CRF85_BC-1 (eight nodes). The mean degree of the two clusters was high, and the patients were high-risk transmitters, indicating a higher risk of HIV transmission. The distribution of HIV-1 subtypes in Jiaxing City was widespread, with moderate levels of transmission resistance. Larger molecule clusters carry a high risk of transmission, indicating that we should strengthen monitoring and intervention.
Removal of Iron(II) as Magnetite from Acid Mine Water
Authors: Rapeta Mokgadi Gladness , Maree Johannes Philippus , Msagati Titus Makudali
Published: December 2024

The High-Density Sludge (HDS) process is widely used for the treatment of acid mine water as it produces a sludge of high density. The aim of this study was the development of a process where iron in mine water can be removed as magnetite, to assist with rapid settling of sludge. It was concluded that Fe2+ can be removed as Fe3O4 (magnetite) by forming Fe(OH)2 and Fe(OH)3 in the mole ratio of 1:2. Magnetite can form in the absence or presence of gypsum. The settling rate of magnetite-rich sludge is substantially faster than that of ferric hydroxide-rich sludge. It is recommended that further studies be carried out on the separation of magnetite gypsum through magnetic separation.
Initial Examinations of the Diastereoselectivity and Chemoselectivity of Intramolecular Silyl Nitronate [3+2] Cycloadditions with Alkenyl/Alkynyl Nitroethers
Authors: Stevens Katelyn , Li Shik Ki , Kaufman Emily , Schull Annika , Hassebroek Katie , Stevens Joseph , Grandbois Matthew , Viste Arlen , Duffy-Matzner Jetty
Published: December 2024

This study examined the chemoselectivity and diastereoselectivity of silyl nitronate alkenyn-nitroethers in Intramolecular Silyl Nitronate Cycloadditions (ISNCs) to produce isoxazole derivatives with interesting medicinal properties. These reactions resulted in the formation of either dihydrofuro[3,4-c]isoxazolines/isoxazolidines and/or alkynyl moieties attached to 2,5-dihydrofuryl carbonyls. This study also discerned the diastereoselectivities of the resulting cyclic adducts and compared them to previous findings. The reactions were also investigated with Spartan molecular modeling computations to aid in the understanding of any displayed chemo- and/or stereoselectivity. These [3+2]-cycloaddition reactions demonstrated excellent to complete chemospecificity. The cycloadditions also demonstrated remarkable diastereospecificity in that each diastereomer of the nitroethers resulted in the formation of only one of four possible diastereomeric outcomes. The stereochemistry of the major diastereomers did not agree with previously published findings.
An Impact of Prolonged Electrolysis on the Electrochemical Performance and Surface Characteristics of NiFe-Modified Graphite Electrodes for Alkaline Water Electrolysis
Authors: Kuczyński Mateusz , Mikołajczyk Tomasz , Pierożyński Bogusław , Bramowicz Mirosław , Kulesza Sławomir
Published: December 2024

This study investigates the influence of prolonged electrolysis on the electrochemical performance and surface characteristics of NiFe-modified compressed graphite electrodes used in alkaline water electrolysis. The electrochemical experiment was conducted over a two-week period at a constant temperature of 60 °C. The electrodes were evaluated for changes in surface morphology and composition using scanning electron microscopy (SEM), energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDS), and X-ray diffraction (XRD). The results demonstrated stable electrochemical performance with minimal current variation. However, significant structural changes occurred, including the formation of new microstructures on the cathode and the emergence of KHCO3 (potassium bicarbonate) compound on both electrodes. Crystallographic analysis revealed an increase in crystallite size and tensile lattice strain on the cathode, while the anode exhibited compressive lattice strains and a reduction in crystallite size. These findings suggest that the observed changes were driven by electrochemical annealing processes, contributing to material redistribution and surface modifications during prolonged electrolysis. This study provides insight into optimizing NiFe-based catalysts for enhanced durability and efficiency in water splitting technologies.
Consumer Knowledge and Willingness Pertaining to the Adoption of a Sustainable Diet: A Scoping Review
Authors: Dupuits Connor , Mooney Elaine , McCloat Amanda
Published: December 2024

The current food system is harming both planetary and human health. The shift to a sustainable diet can help alleviate both adverse effects. The aim of this review was to conduct a scoping review of the literature pertaining to consumer knowledge and willingness concerning the adoption of a sustainable diet. A total of 45 papers met the eligibility criteria. Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-analyses Extension for Scoping Reviews (PRISMA-ScR) guidelines were employed to conduct the scoping review. Studies reported that many participants have misconceptions regarding the meaning of a sustainable diet, and their willingness to adopt a sustainable diet was oftentimes low. Evidence also suggests that the lack of knowledge regarding sustainable diets and the reluctance to reduce meat consumption are chief factors hindering the transition to a sustainable diet. Gender imbalance was also evident with females forming the majority of total participants. During the time of the literature search, no studies were conducted in Ireland. Research needs to be conducted in this country, specifically on young consumers, to explore their knowledge and willingness to adopt a sustainable diet. This would provide further insights into the research area of sustainable diets.
The Use of Technology in the Prevention of Infections Associated with Urinary Catheterization
Authors: Fonseca Bruna Raquel , Silva Maura Filipa , Ferreira Rogério Ferrinho , de Sá Sofia Cabecinhas , Mestre Teresa Dionísio , Catarino Marta Sofia
Published: December 2024

(1) Background: Urinary tract infections (UTIs) are caused by the proliferation of pathogenic microorganisms, and they are the second most common hospital-acquired infections, with catheter-associated UTIs (CAUTIs) accounting for about 40% of these nosocomial infections. This review aims to identify the impact of technology on preventing infections in patients with urinary catheters; (2) Methods: The search was conducted in April 2024 through the EBSCOhost platform, with access to the American Search Complete, CINHAL Ultimate, Medline databases, and through the Scopus database; (3) Results: In total were included eight articles in this review. Technology interventions can significantly reduce the incidence of CAUTIs, decrease the duration of catheter use, improve diagnosis, and enhance patient safety; (4) Conclusions: Technological advancements show significant benefits in reducing infection rates and improving patient outcomes, like shorter hospital stays and comfort. Multidisciplinary approaches and educational strategies are essential to maximize these benefits.
New Benzofuran–Pyrazole-Based Compounds as Promising Antimicrobial Agents: Design, Synthesis, DNA Gyrase B Inhibition, and In Silico Studies
Authors: Abd El-Karim Somaia S. , Anwar Manal M. , Syam Yasmin M. , Awad Hassan M. , El-Dein Asmaa Negm , El-Ashrey Mohamed K. , Alkahtani Hamad M. , Abdelwahed Sameh H.
Published: December 2024

Background/Objectives: The alarming rise in antibiotic resistance necessitates the discovery of novel antimicrobial agents. This study aims to design, synthesize, and evaluate new benzofuran–pyrazole-based compounds for their antimicrobial, antioxidant, and anti-inflammatory properties. Methods: New benzofuran–pyrazole hybrid molecules were synthesized using the Vilsmeier–Haach reaction and other chemical processes. The structures of the synthesized compounds were confirmed through micro-analytical and spectral analyses. Their antimicrobial activities were assessed against various bacterial and fungal strains, while antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties were evaluated using DPPH-free radical scavenging and HRBC membrane stabilization assays, respectively. The most promising compounds were further tested for DNA gyrase B inhibition. Results: Compounds 9, 10, and 11b–d exhibited significant broad-spectrum antimicrobial activity with MIC values ranging from 2.50 to 20 µg/mL. Compounds 4, 6, 9, 11b, and 11d demonstrated high antioxidant activity, with DPPH scavenging percentages between 84.16% and 90.52%. Most compounds showed substantial anti-inflammatory effects, with HRBC membrane stabilization percentages ranging from 86.70% to 99.25%. Compound 9 notably inhibited E. coli DNA gyrase B with an IC50 of 9.80 µM, comparable to ciprofloxacin. Conclusions: The benzofuran–pyrazole-based compounds, particularly compound 9, show great potential as new antimicrobial agents due to their broad-spectrum activity and potent DNA gyrase B inhibition. These findings support further development and optimization of these compounds for clinical applications.
Natural Diversity in Total Phenol, Flavonoids, Antioxidant Properties, and Essential Oil Composition of Iranian Populations of Myrtus communis L.
Authors: Yarahmadi Reza , Mumivand Hasan , Ehtesham Nia Abdollah , Raji Mohamad Reza , Argento Sergio
Published: December 2024

Myrtus communis L. (Myrtaceae), widely valued for its aromatic leaves and essential oil, plays a significant role in traditional medicine and modern phytotherapy. The variability in its essential oil composition and bioactive compounds across different populations underscores its potential for novel therapeutic discoveries and agricultural utilization. This study aimed to evaluate the phytochemical diversity of 12 selected Iranian M. communis populations in their natural habitats. Leaf samples were collected in 2023 from these native habitats to assess various parameters, including phenolic compounds (total phenols and total flavonoids), antioxidant capacity, essential oil content, and essential oil composition. The results indicated significant variations in phenolic content and antioxidant capacity across the populations. The Khoraman population, used as a control, exhibited the highest levels of total phenols and flavonoids, followed by the Sar-sarab and Yazd populations, while the Poldokhtar and Kermanshah populations showed the lowest levels. Additionally, the Poldokhtar and Hormozgan populations demonstrated the highest antioxidant capacities. Essential oil content ranged from 0.480 to 1.478%, with the Khoraman and Padeghan populations having the highest percentages of 1.631 and 1.478%, respectively. GC/MS analysis identified 29 distinct compounds in the essential oils, with major components including 1,8-cineole (22.34 to 45.66%), α-pinene (19.25 to 35.96%), linalool (7.79 to 18.76%), and α-terpineol (5.26 to 9.17%). The myrtle populations were categorized into four groups: (1) Khoraman; (2) Shiraz and Yazd; (3) Ilam, Sar-sarab, Poldokhtar, and Padeghan; and (4) Khuzestan, Kerman, Kermanshah, Kohgiluyeh–Boyer–Ahmad, and Hormozgan. Principal Component Analysis (PCA) corroborated the cluster analysis results, as populations within each group displayed similar distributions in the biplot.
The Effect of Seasonal and Annual Variation on the Quality of Polygonatum Cyrtonema Hua Rhizomes
Authors: Pu Weiting , Yu Yefei , Shi Xiaoxiao , Shao Ye , Ye Bihuan , Chen Youwu , Song Qiyan , Shen Jianjun , Li Haibo
Published: December 2024

This study aims to reveal the interannual and seasonal variations in functional components in Polygonatum cyrtonema Hua. rhizomes and evaluate whether the variations significantly affect the quality of rhizomes as a traditional Chinese herbal medicine. The interannual and seasonal variations in total flavonoid content and total saponin content were analyzed. The global dynamic variation in secondary metabolites in the rhizomes during a five-year growth period and in two traditional harvesting seasons were investigated based on metabolomics method. Results clearly showed that the functional components in P. cyrtonema rhizomes exhibited a significant increase in accumulation during the one- to four-year growth period and a significant decrease in accumulation during the four- to five-year growth period. The most active accumulation occurred during the three- to four-year growth period. Drastic variations in functional components occurred from spring to autumn. The significant interannual variation and drastic seasonal variation were strongly associated with the enrichment in some pathways related to the biosynthesis of secondary metabolites and the metabolisms of amino acids. The interannual and seasonal variations in functional components significantly affected the quality of P. cyrtonema rhizomes. The four-year-old rhizomes had the most superior quality due to their higher content of functional components and much more newly formed components. The rhizomes harvested in spring or autumn had unequal quality because of their significant differences in composition and content of functional components. Specifically, the rhizomes from spring contained more flavonoids, alkaloids, and phenolic acids, while those from autumn comprised more steroids. In conclusion, this study reveals that the interannual and seasonal variations in functional components can significantly affect the quality of P. cyrtonema rhizomes as a traditional Chinese herbal medicine. This study provides foundational insights and theoretical guidance for determining an optimal cultivation period to obtain medicinal rhizomes with superior quality. It also offers a strategy for harvesting medicinal rhizomes in two different seasons to achieve unequal quality.
Sustained Release of Curcumin from Cur-LPs Loaded Adaptive Injectable Self-Healing Hydrogels
Authors: Wu Caixia , Ning Xiaoqun , Liu Qunfeng , Zhou Xiaoyan , Guo Huilong
Published: December 2024

Biological tissue defects are typically characterized by various shaped defects, and they are prone to inflammation and the excessive accumulation of reactive oxygen species. Therefore, it is still urgent to develop functional materials which can fully occupy and adhere to irregularly shaped defects by injection and promote the tissue repair process using antioxidant and anti-inflammatory mechanisms. Herein, in this work, phenylboronic acid modified oxidized hyaluronic acid (OHAPBA) was synthesized and dynamically crosslinked with catechol group modified glycol chitosan (GCHCA) and guar gum (GG) into a hydrogel loaded with curcumin liposomes (Cur-LPs) which were relatively uniformly distributed around 180 nm. The hydrogel possessed rapid gelation within 30 s, outstanding injectability and tissue-adaptive properties with self-healing properties, and the ability to adhere to biological tissues and adapt to tissue movement. Moreover, good biocompatibility and higher DPPH scavenging efficiency were illustrated in the hydrogel. And a more sustainable release of curcumin from Cur-LPs-loaded hydrogels, which could last for 10 days, was achieved to improve the bioavailability of curcumin. Finally, they might be injected to fully occupy and adhere to irregularly shaped defects and promote the tissue repair process by antioxidant mechanisms and the sustained release of curcumin for anti-inflammation. And the hydrogel would have potential application as candidates in tissue defect repair.
Coffee-Waste-Based ZnCl2 Activated Carbon in High-Performance Supercapacitor Electrodes: Impact of Graphitization, Surface Morphology, Porosity and Conductivity
Authors: Mukhiemer Sami , Daraghmah Allan , Nassar Heba , Hussain Shahzad , Lim Hanyi , Han Hyobin , Kim Tae Woo , Amireh Ameed N. , Hilal Hikmat S.
Published: December 2024

Activated carbon (AC) electrodes from coffee waste (CW) were earlier assessed in supercapacitors but showed lower supercapacitor performance in terms of specific capacity (Cs), specific power (Ps) or both, compared to other biowastes. This work describes how CW-based AC electrode performance may be improved if carefully prepared. Careful processing yields higher graphitization, carbon content (aromaticity), conductivity and porosity free of any residues. Thus, AC electrodes will exhibit higher Cs and Ps simultaneously. CW was first pyrolyzed (CPyrol) and then chemically activated by ZnCl2 (ACChem). Both materials were characterized using SEM, TEM, BET, FT-IR spectra, Raman spectra and XRD. The ACChem exhibited much higher graphitization, crystallinity, specific surface area (SSA), porosity and conductivity. From cyclic voltammetry, the ACChem electrode exhibited a Cs of 261 F/g, an energy density of 18.3 Wh/kg and a Ps of 360 W/kg at 0.33 A/g. From galvanostatic charge–discharge, there was a stable Cs of 150 F/g at 0.33 A/g over 5000 charge–discharge cycles. From electrochemical impedance spectroscopy, the Cs was ~180 F/g, with a low equivalent series resistance (ESR) of 0.56 Ω at a frequency of 0.01 Hz, compared to the literature. The ACChem electrode was superior to the CPyrol electrode and to earlier CW-based AC counterparts, with much lower resistance. Moreover, the electrode competed with other biowaste-based electrodes.
Examining the Intervention of Religion in Indian Politics Through Hindutva Under the Modi Regime
Authors: Thomas Vineeth , Deka Chandana , Raja Aparajitha , Sathyan Arsha V
Published: December 2024

This review article analyses the wide-ranging influence of Hindutva in Indian politics over the decade of Narendra Modi’s tenure as Prime Minister of India. The study analyses the survival, reproduction, and development of Hindutva in conflict with modernisation processes in India despite the country’s secular constitutional democracy. This is achieved by examining the developments in the Indian political landscape and policy administration through the prism of the symbiotic relationship between the Rashtriya Swayamsevak Sangh (RSS) and Bharatiya Janata Party (BJP), signalling the fusion of political power and Hindu religious principles. By contributing to the literature on religion and politics, through a comprehensive examination of political rhetoric, policy shifts, and societal attitudes, this review article examines the role of Hindutva in shaping the trajectory of governance and politics in India during Narendra Modi’s leadership.
Examining the Names of the Eight Bodhisattvas and the Bhaiṣajyaguru Buddha Mantra in the Guanding Version of the Bhaiṣajyaguru Buddha Sutra
Authors: Zheng Minhui , Hong Xiang
Published: December 2024

By examining the variants in the Dunhuang manuscripts and carving versions of the Guanding version of the Bhaiṣajyaguru Buddha Sutra (Guanding Bachuguozui Shengsidedu Jing, 灌頂拔除過罪生死得度經, Chapter 12 of Sutra on Abhiṣeka (Guanding Jing 灌頂經), we can categorize it into five different editions based on the names of the eight bodhisattvas and the Bhaiṣajyaguru Buddha Mantra: (1) without the names of the eight bodhisattvas and the mantra, (2) with the names from the earlier translation, but without the mantra, (3) with the names from the later translation, but without the mantra, (4) with the names from the earlier translation and with the mantra, and (5) with the names from the later translation and with the mantra. These editions reflect the diachronic evolution of the Guanding version of the Bhaiṣajyaguru Buddha Sutra. The names of the eight bodhisattvas in the earlier translation first appeared in The Eight Lucky Mystical Mantra Sutra (Bajixiang Shenzhou Jing, 八吉祥神咒經), translated by Zhiqian (支謙, dates unknown) during the Three Kingdoms period. These bodhisattvas were atypical, including laymen and heavenly kings, rather than conventional enlightened figures. In contrast, the names from the later translation include well-known figures such as Avalokitesvara and Maitreya, selected by the compilers of the Guanding version. Notably, there is no direct connection between the earlier and later translations of the eight bodhisattvas’ names. Regarding the Bhaiṣajyaguru Buddha Mantra, the Guanding version is the earliest known version, which has undergone three expansions. The names of the Buddha, including tathāgatāya (多他伽多耶), bhagavate (薄伽筏帝), arhate (阿囉𠿒帝), and saṃyaksaṃbuddhāya (三藐三勃陀也), were subsequently added to the final edition by Yijing (義浄, 635–713).
Views Rather than Radiosity: A Study on Urban Cover View Factor Mapping and Utilization
Authors: An Seung Man , Kim Byungsoo , Lee Ho-Yeong , Yi Chae-Yeon , Joshi Neelakshi , Wende Wolfgang
Published: December 2024

Urban tree canopies are a vital component of green infrastructure, especially in the context of the accelerating urban heat island effect and global climate change. Quantifying urban canopy cover in relation to land use and land cover changes is therefore crucial. However, accurately evaluating visual changes remains a challenge. In this study, we introduced the Urban Cover View Factor (VF) and Potential Influence Intensity Grade (PIIG) for tree canopy (TC) mapping using airborne Light Detection and Ranging (LiDAR) remote-sensing three-dimensional point clouds (3DPCs) from the Incheon metropolitan area, South Korea. The results demonstrated that airborne LiDAR 3DPCs effectively segmented non-sky urban cover views. Furthermore, the PIIG map, derived from the TC VF map, showed a significant correlation between surface heat risks and energy consumption patterns. Areas with lower PIIG grades tended to have higher energy consumption and greater vulnerability to surface heat risks, while areas with higher PIIG grades exhibited the opposite trend. Nevertheless, further exploration of complex urban cover and the collection of sufficient ground-based evidence is crucial for practical PIIG application. Further remote sensing research should support the management of urban tree canopies and urban agriculture to promote sustainable urban greening in response to evolving environmental needs.
Asymmetric Gaussian Echo Model for LiDAR Intensity Correction
Authors: Ma Xinyue , Jiang Haitian , Jin Xin
Published: December 2024

In light detection and ranging (LiDAR) applications, correct intensities from echo data intuitively contribute to the characterization of target reflectivity. However, the power in raw echo waveforms may be clipped owing to the limited dynamic range of LiDAR sensors, which directly results in false intensity values generated by existing LiDAR systems working in scenarios involving highly reflective objects or short distances. To tackle the problem, an asymmetric Gaussian echo model is proposed in this paper so as to recover echo power–time curves faithfully to its optical physics. Considering the imbalance in temporal length and steepness between rising and falling edges, the echo model features a shared mean and two distinct standard deviations on both sides. The accuracy and effectiveness of the proposed model are demonstrated by correcting the power–time curve from a real LiDAR loaded with avalanche photodiode (APD) sensors and estimating the reflectivities of real targets. As when tested by targets with reflectivities from low to high placed at distances from near to far, the model achieves a maximum of 41.8-fold improvement in relative error for the same target with known reflectivity and a maximum of 36.0-fold improvement in the coefficient of variation for the same target along the whole range of 100 m. Providing accurate and stable characterization of reflectivity in different ranges, the model greatly boosts applications consisting of semantic segmentation and object recognition, such as autonomous driving and environmental monitoring.
Potaxies and Fifes: The Formation of New Subcultures on TikTok
Authors: Santaolalla-Rueda Pablo , Fernández-Muñoz Cristóbal
Published: December 2024

This study explores the Potaxie, Fifes, and Tilinx subcultures on TikTok, examining their origins, characteristics, and cultural significance. Originating from a viral video in 2020, the Potaxie subculture emerged within the Spanish-speaking LGBTQ+ community and evolved to symbolise inclusivity and gender equality. Potaxies use vibrant aesthetics influenced by Japanese and Korean pop culture to express their identities and resistance. In contrast, Fifes, associated with cisgender heterosexual men, embody traditional patriarchal values, often sexist and homophobic, creating a narrative of resistance between the groups. The Tilinx, symbolic descendants of the Potaxies, are inspired by ballroom culture and drag houses, with “Potaxie mothers” continuing the fight for inclusion and diversity. Using a mixed-methods approach, including quantitative analysis through the TikTok API and qualitative content analysis via MAXQDA and Python, this study provides a comprehensive understanding of the subculture that accumulates over 2.3 billion interactions. The findings highlight how TikTok serves as a platform for identity construction, cultural resistance, and the redefinition of social norms. Additionally, the study examines how digital platforms mediate intersectional experiences, favouring certain types of content through algorithms, and how participants navigate these opportunities and constraints to express their intersecting identities. The implications for communication strategies, youth policies, educational plans, and research on the commercialization of these subcultures are profound, offering insights into the transformative potential of social media in shaping contemporary cultural and social narratives.
Portulaca oleracea as a Green Dual-Action Biocide and Corrosion Inhibitor Against Thiosulfate-Reducing Bacterial Biofilms on Carbon Steel
Authors: Didouh Hadjer , Al-Badour Fadi A. , Khoukhi Faiza , Bouledroua Omar , Rahman Mohammad Mizanur , Kumar Arumugam Madhan , Suleiman Rami K. , Meliani Mohammed Hadj
Published: December 2024

Microbially influenced corrosion poses a significant threat to the integrity and longevity of carbon steel infrastructure, particularly in environments conducive to biofilm formation by thiosulfate-reducing bacteria (TRB) to carbon steel. This study explores the potential of Portulaca oleracea, an edible plant species, as a dual-action biocide and green corrosion inhibitor for mitigating MIC adhesion. Through a comprehensive suite of experimental and analytical techniques, including electrochemical analysis, microbial analysis, gravimetric methods, and surface characterization, the efficacy of Portulaca oleracea extract is evaluated for its ability to inhibit TRB growth and biofilm formation while concurrently providing corrosion protection to carbon steel substrates. The electrochemical analyses reveal the extract’s capacity with the anodic reaction inhibition achieving 80%, thereby reducing the overall corrosion rate of carbon steel in the presence of TRB biofilms. Complementary microbial analyses, such as viable cell counting using test kits, elucidate the biocidal action of the extract, effectively suppressing TRB growth and biofilm development, with the presence of 20 ppm of the extract reducing bacterial growth. Surface characterization techniques provide insights into the adsorption behavior of the extract’s constituents on the carbon steel surface, forming a protective film that mitigates corrosion and biofilm adhesion. The adsorption of the extract at the interface between mild steel and the formation water adheres to Langmuir isotherm. Overall, the biocorrosion issue we are addressing in this work is crucial for ensuring the sustainability and efficiency of equipment, pipelines, and other metal-based systems.
Theoretical Framework for the Supervision of Plateau-Characteristic Agroecological Security
Authors: Du Yuanwei , Zhang Yiwei
Published: December 2024

To mitigate the conflict between ecological restoration and the pursuit of economic benefits in characteristic agriculture within plateau regions, this study proposes a theoretical framework for supervising plateau-characteristic agroecological security (PCAES). Initially, characteristic agriculture is conceptualized as an artificial ecosystem resulting from the complex interactions between the ecological environment and specific agricultural resources in a given plateau region; thus, PCAES is defined as a sustainable developmental state of plateau-characteristic agriculture that ensures a high-quality resource supply without compromising ecological integrity. Subsequently, a theoretical framework of PCAES is constructed by analyzing supervisory subjects, objects, and their interrelationships, followed by an in-depth study from three different perspectives. At the foundational level, the monitoring and evaluation mechanism focuses on gathering data regarding resource composition and environmental conditions to assess ecological security. At the intermediate level, the early warning and decision-making mechanism aims at estimating potential ecological security issues and then designing and selecting optimal measures. At a higher level, the control and assurance mechanism directs stakeholders toward compliance with ecological safety regulations via resource allocation and macro-policy interventions while ensuring effective system operation. This study holds significant implications for advancing green development initiatives, enhancing agricultural scientific innovation, and promoting sustainable practices in plateau agriculture.