bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
BUZU: Retrieving public transportation data for sonification
Authors: Arango Julian J. , Astorga Esteban Viveros , Iazzetta Fernando , Figueiró Cristiano
Published: May 2020

This paper discusses the conception, design and exhibition of BUZU, an audiovisual installation that generates an auditory image of the São Paulo bus transportation system. BUZU makes perceptible information of both the system’s planning and behavior during a particular week in October 2017. The work is an artistic outcome of the InterSCity project, an inter-institutional research initiative concerning the Future Internet and the Smart Cities. Along with the discussion of the BUZU creation process we will examine mining and processing strategies related to the sonification of big data, the data-to-sound mapping methods, the auditory structure for displaying the material and the public exhibition of the work in the context of an artistic event.
Sustainable Interfaces for Music Expression
Authors: Silva Junior Igino , Schiavoni Flávio Luiz
Published: May 2020

The creation of Digital Musical Instruments (DMI) tries to keep abreast the technological progress and sometimes it does not worry about some possible side effects of its development. Obsolescence and residues, rampant consumption, constant need to generate innovation, code ephemerality, culture shock, social apartheid, are some possible traps that an equivocated DMI development can bring up to society. Faced all these possibilities, we are trying to understand what can be a sustainable Digital Instrument analyzing several dimensions of sustainability, from economical to cultural, from social to environmental. In this paper, we point out some possibilities to try to reach up more sustainable instruments development bringing up the human being and values like cooperation and collaboration to the center of the DMI development discussion. Through some questions, we seek to instigate a paradigm shift in art-science and provide a fertile field for future research.
The development of libmosaic-sound: a library for sound design and an extension for the Mosaicode Programming Environment
Authors: Gonçalves Luan , Schiavoni Flávio Luiz
Published: May 2020

Music has been influenced by digital technology over the last few decades. With the computer, the musical composition could trespass the use of acoustic instruments demanding to musicians and composers a sort of computer programming skills for the development of musical applications. In order to simplify the development of musical applications, several tools and musical programming languages arose bringing some facilities to lay-musicians on computer programming to use the computer to make music. This work presents the development of a Visual Programming Language (VPL) for audio applications in the Mosaicode programming environment, simplifying sound design and making the synthesis and manipulation of audio more accessible to digital artists. It is also presented the implementation of libmosaic-sound library for the specific domain of Music Computing, which supported the VPL development.
Prototyping Web instruments with Mosaicode
Authors: Gomes André , Resende Frederico , Gonçalves Luan , Schiavoni Flávio Luiz
Published: May 2020

Many HTML 5 features enable you to build audio applications for web browsers, simplifying the distribution of these applications, and turning any computer, mobile, and portable device into a digital musical instrument. Developing such applications is not an easy task for layprogrammers or non-programmers and may require some effort by musicians and artists to encode audio applications based on HTML5 technologies and APIs. In order to simplify this task, this paper presents the Mosaicode, a Visual programming environment that enables the development of Digital Musical Instruments using the visual programming paradigm. Applications can be developed in the Mosaicode from diagrams – blocks, which encapsulate basic programming functions, and connections, to exchange information among the blocks. The Mosaicode, by having the functionality of generating, compiling and executing codes, can be used to quickly prototype musical instruments, and make it easy to use for beginners looking for learn programming and expert developers who need to optimize the construction of musical applications.
Low-Latency f0 Estimation for the Finger Plucked Electric Bass Guitar Using the Absolute Difference Function
Authors: Fonseca Christhian , Tavares Tiago
Published: May 2020

Audio-to-MIDI conversion can be used to allow digital musical control by means of an analog instrument. Audio-to-MIDI converters rely on fundamental frequency estimators that are frequently restricted to a minimum delay of two fundamental periods. This delay is perceptible for the case of bass notes. In this paper, we propose a lowlatency fundamental frequency estimation method that relies on specific characteristics of the electric bass guitar. By means of physical modelling and signal acquisition, we show that the assumptions of the method relies on generalize throughout electric basses. We evaluate our method in a dataset with musical notes played by diverse bassists. Results show that our method outperforms the Yin method in low-latency settings, which indicates its suitability for low-latency audio-to-MIDI conversion of the electric bass sound.
Harmonia: a MuseScore's plugin to teach music
Authors: Araújo João , Constante Rogerio , Schiavoni Flávio Luiz , Deluchi Octávio
Published: May 2020

Information and Communication Technologies (ICTs) have been characterized as a very effective resource for promoting innovation in the way of teaching and learning. In relation to the musical area, computer software of musical notation, like MuseScore, has been more and more used for the musical compositions and to teach and learn music writing, musical arrangement, composition and counterpoint. MuseScore is a free software that can easily be applied to academic purposes, such as universities, for teaching students in music fields and can also be used in the professional life of students who have graduated from courses that use it. In addition, it allows the implementation of plugins for various purposes, such as the analysis of scores in relation to various preset parameters. In this context, this work aims to present the development of the Harmonia, an open source plugin for MuseScore focused on teaching musical analysis and automatic verification of scores based in harmony predefined rules.
Batebit Controller: Popularizing Digital Musical Instruments' Technical Development Process
Authors: Calegario Filipe , Tragtenberg João , Cabral Giordano , Ramalho Geber
Published: May 2020

In this paper, we present an ongoing research project related to popularizing the mindset of building new digital musical instruments. We developed a physical kit and software intended to provide beginner users with the first grasp on the development process of a digital musical instrument. We expect that, by using the kit and the software, the users could experiment in a short period the various steps in developing a DMI such as physical structure, electronics, programming, mapping, and sound design. Our approach to popularizing the DMI development process is twofold: reducing the cognitive load for beginners by encapsulating technical details and lowering the costs of the kit by using simple components and opensource software. In the end, we expect that by increasing the interest of beginners in the building process of digital musical instruments, we could make the community of new interfaces for musical expression stronger.
Graph Composer: music composition from graph design
Authors: Souza Pedro , Rolla Vitor , Ayres José Eduardo , Sánchez José Ezequiel
Published: May 2020

The Graph Composer is an app that allows the user to compose music through the design of a graph. You can create or modify an existing graph, listen and modify the composition in real time. Insert new nodes and connect them, change the corresponding note by clicking over the node and selecting a new one from the scale, define it’s duration over time and select a decoration to change the sound sequence.
Black Lives Matter
Authors: Paulo Avner , De Souza Carlos Eduardo Oliveira , Lima e Silva Bruna Guimarães , Schiavoni Flávio Luiz , Siqueira Adilson
Published: May 2020

The Brazilian police killed 16 people per day in 2017 and 3/4 of the victims were black people. Recently, a Brazilian called Evaldo Rosa dos Santos, father, worker, musician, and black, was killed in Rio de Janeiro with 80 rifle bullets shot by the police. Everyday, the statistics and the news show that the police uses more force when dealing with black people and it seems obvious that, in Brazil, the state bullet uses to find a black skin to rest. Unfortunately, the brutal force and violence by the state and the police to black people is not a problem only in this country. It is a global reality that led to the creation of an international movement called Black Lives Matter (BLM), a movement against all types of racism towards the black people specially by the police and the state. The BLM movement also aims to connect black people of the entire world against the violence and for justice. In our work, we try to establish a link between the reality of black people in Brazil with the culture of black people around the world, connecting people and artists to perform a tribute to the black lives harved by the state force. For this, the piece uses web content, news, pictures, YouTube’s videos, and more, to create a collage of visual and musical environment merged with expressive movements of a dance, combining technology and gestures. Black culture beyond violence because we believe that black lives matter. such as the Ku Klux Klan, which bring the black population of the world into concern for possible setbacks in their rights. In Brazil, it is not different. Brazil is the non African country with the biggest afro descendant population in the world and one of the last country in the world to abolish slavery. Nowadays, a black person is 3 times more propense to be killed and most part of the murders in the country happened to afro Brazilians. Marielle Franco, a black city councillor from Rio, the only black female representative and one of seven women on the 51-seat council was killed in 2018. The killers were two former policeman. According to Human Rights Watch, the police force in the state of Rio de Janeiro, Brazil, killed more than 8,000 people between 2005 and 2015, 3/4 of them were black men. At the same time, the African culture strongly influenced the Brazilian culture and most part of the traditional Brazilian music and rhythms can be considered black music.
The Politics of Computer Music
Authors: Iazzetta Fernando
Published: May 2020

When a set of objects, actions, and procedures begin to coalesce and gain some coherence, they become perceived as a new, cohesive field. This may be related to the emergence of a new discipline, a new craft, or a new technological configuration. As this new field shows some coherence and unity, we tend to overlook the conditions that gave rise to it. These conditions become "naturalized" as if they were inherent in that field. From this point on, we do not wonder anymore to what extent the contingencies (formal, social, economic, technological, aesthetic, religious) that gave rise to that field have been crucial to its constitution. When it comes to computer music we are comfortably used to its applied perspective: tools, logical models, and algorithms are created to solve problems without questioning the (non-computational) origin of these problems or the directions taken by the solutions we give to them. The idea of computing as a set of abstract machines often hides the various aspects of the sonic cultures that are at play when we develop tools and models in computer music. The way we connect the development of computer tools with the contingencies and contexts in which these tools are used is what I call the politics of computer music. This connection is often overshadowed in the development of computer music. However, I would like to argue that this connection is behind everything we do in terms of computer music to the point that it often guides the research, development, and results within the field.
Constructing Crashworthiness. The Experimental Safety Vehicle (ESV) Program and the Global Renegotiation of Automobile Safety in the 1970s / Die Konstruktion von „Crashworthiness”. Das Experimental-Safety-Vehicle-(ESV)-Programm und die globale Neuverhandlung automobiler Sicherheit in den 1970er Jahren
Authors: Esselborn Stefan
Published: May 2020

The article proposes to take a fresh look at the global ascent of “crashworthiness” as a “dominant paradigm” (Peter Norton) of automobile safety by focusing on the so-called Experimental Safety Vehicle (ESV) program of the early 1970s. Initiated by the U.S. Department of Transport (DOT) and internationalized through the newly created NATO Committee for the Challenges of Modern Society (CCMS), the scheme ultimately came to involve the governments of all major car-producing countries, as well as practically all relevant automobile corporations in the capitalist “West”. The ESV program provided a significant boost to automobile safety research and contributed to the professionalization, institutionalization and standardization of the field. It also supplied a platform for a transnational re-negotiation of the distribution of responsibility for automobile safety, in which differences between engineering cultures and user perceptions in North American and Europe/Japan came to the fore. In this context, the experimental prototypes functioned as “evidence objects”, which different actors could use to generate and validate technical knowledge, but also to make economic and political arguments. By serving as material anchorage points for a transnational techno-political debate, the ESVs played an important part in shaping the way in which the challenge of “crashworthiness” influenced automobile safety practices worldwide.
On ‘Living in a Box’. Distributed Control and Automation Surprises / „Living in a Box“. Verteilte Steuerung und Automatisierungsüberraschungen in Verkehrsﬂugzeugen
Authors: Hind Sam
Published: May 2020

This article interrogates an aircraft control system referred to as ‘fly-by-wire’. First developed in the 1960s, fly-by-wire replaced mechanical and hydraulic aircraft control systems with an electronic, computer-mediated system capable of relaying, responding to, and sometimes restricting, human inputs from pilots. In so doing, fly-by-wire enabled an entirely new world of flight in which human decisions were subject to machinic, and electronic, approval. The article examines the effects of fly-by-wire on the socio-technical control of aircraft, with repercussions for how one considers contemporary questions regarding the interweaving of automation, control, knowledge and safety. It proceeds in two parts. Firstly, it argues that fly-by-wire is a form of ‘distributed control’. Dependent upon situated automation, the ability to control, steer and manoeuvre the aircraft is variously distributed beyond the cockpit and human pilots, to integrated components, sensors, physical surfaces, and systems throughout the aircraft itself. In so doing, new and novel operational capacities are reached depending on the situation; shifting and re-calibrating the relationship between pilots and aircraft. Secondly, and more specifically, I suggest that distributed forms of control in the shape of aircraft fly-by-wire systems yield so-called ‘automation surprises’. The effect of distributing decision-making to a wider assemblage of components, sensors, surfaces, and systems is that operational asymmetries occur in the otherwise smooth collaboration between pilot and machine. I discuss recent Boeing 737 accidents in order to evidence this argument, contending that recent additions to fly- by-wire have led to novel re-distributive control effects. As the development of prototype autonomous vehicles abounds, historical lessons drawn from aircraft control, decision-making and safety should be of critical importance.
Bauträgerverträge im deutschen und polnischen Recht
Authors: Plesinski Wojciech
Published: May 2020

Der Bauträgervertrag bildet für den deutschen und polnischen Immobilienmarkt eine bewährte und verbreitete Form des Immobilienerwerbs. Die Besonderheit dieses Vertrages liegt darin, dass der Bauträger eine noch zu errichtende Immobilie veräußert und dem Erwerber die versprochene dingliche Beteiligung am Bauwerk erst nach der Beendigung der Bauarbeiten und nach Bezahlung des Erwerbspreises gewährt wird. Beide Gesetzgeber – Polen mit dem zivilrechtlichen Gesetz und Deutschland mit einem öffentlich-rechtlichen Regelungsansatz – haben dazu unterschiedliche Regelungsmethoden gewählt.

Im Zentrum dieser Arbeit stehen die rechtlichen Grundlagen, das Zustandekommen und der Inhalt des Bauträgervertrages unter Berücksichtigung der Formanforderungen, Informationspflichten, Beurkundungsfragen, Vertragspflichten sowie Störungstypen. Die praktische Relevanz der Untersuchung ergibt sich ferner aus der Darstellung und Bewertung der Sicherungsmaßnahmen zugunsten des Erwerbers und der unterschiedlichen Lösungsansätze beider Rechtsordnungen in der Insolvenz des Bauträgers.
Combining Helium Plasma-Driven Radiofrequency with Nanofat for Contouring
Authors: Irvine Duncan Diane
Published: May 2020

Many energy sources have been utilized to optimize tissue behavior following traditional liposuction. Peer-reviewed data to date show that radiofrequency has been shown to cause more skin and soft tissue contraction than other energy sources. While external RF can improve skin quality and create new collagen formation, tissue contouring has not been successful with topical energy application. However, the use of subdermal RF has been utilized to generate directional shaping and contouring in addition to skin tightening. An understanding of the way soft tissue contracts over time as collagen fibers develop is based on both the science of soft tissue energy response and experience in treating large numbers of patients. The Apyx Renuvion device is 510(k) cleared for soft tissue coagulation. In most cases of facial and body contouring, the ability to add volume in specific regions is as important as the skill to remove it. Since some liposuction is commonly performed as a part of the Renuvion contouring process, frequently this lipoaspirate is used to augment focal depressions or areas of soft tissue atrophy. The recent development of mechanical processing of macrofat into smaller particles, as well as nanofat, has widened the scope of the use of adipose-derived tissue.
Breastfeeding in Normal Newborn: Basic Concepts
Authors: Purkayastha Jayashree
Published: May 2020

Breastfeeding is a complete nutrition for the baby and beneficial to the baby and the mother. Mothers should be prepared for breastfeeding and motivated antenatally. Breastfeeding should be initiated within 1 h of normal delivery and 4 h of Caesarean section. In the first 2 days, colostrum is secreted which is highly immunogenic to the baby. Mature milk comes by day 10 of life. Foremilk is rich in protein and vitamins, while hindmilk is rich in fat. Proper technique should be followed for successful breastfeeding. Reflexes in the mother while breastfeeding are prolactin and oxytocin reflexes, while reflexes in the baby are rooting, sucking and swallowing. In case of early discharge from the hospital, adequacy of breastfeeding should be checked at 3–5 days of life. Breastfeeding develops bonding between the baby and the mother and promotes brain growth of the baby. Human milk is suitable for the baby and contains less protein and minerals than cow’s milk and has less solute load for immature kidneys of the baby. Breastfeeding should be on demand, minimum eight times per day. The common feeding problems in the mother are flat or inverted nipple, sore nipple, engorgement of breasts, and mastitis which should be prevented.
A Novel Electrochemical Sensor for the Detection of Reactive Red Dye to Determine Water Quality
Authors: Kolatoğlu Rifat , Aydin Enes , Demir Mehtap , Yildiz Ahmet , Karakuş Selcan , Tüzün Elif , Beköz Üllen Nuray , Taşaltın Nevin , Kilislioğlu Ayben
Published: May 2020

In this study, tragacanth gum/chitosan/ZnO nanoprism-based electrochemical sensors were prepared for sensing reactive dyes in water. To use an electrochemical sensor, a ~250 nm-sized ZnO nanoprism was synthesized via ultrasonic-assisted green synthesis method, using tragacanth gum and chitosan polymer blend as a matrix. The electrochemical properties of tragacanth gum/chitosan/ZnO nanoprisms were compared against reactive red 35, reactive yellow 15, and reactive black 194. The electrochemical measurement results indicated that prepared tragacanth gum/chitosan/ZnO nanoprism-based electrochemical sensor detected 25 ppm reactive red 35 in 1 min at room temperature. This study reveals new high-potential novel tragacanth gum/chitosan/ZnO nanoprism-based sensing material for the detection of reactive red dye-consisted wastewater with high sensitivity and short response time.
Avaliação da educação superior no Brasil
Authors: Souza Saulo Rodrigo Alves de , Guerra Maria das Graças Gonçalves Vieira
Published: May 2020

Neste artigo apresenta-se o processo de formulação de concepções e modelos de avaliação da educação superior no Brasil, tendo por marco histórico o final da década de 1970, em virtude da realização da primeira avaliação sistemática da educação superior, voltada a todos os cursos de pós-graduação stricto sensu. A partir de fontes documentais e bibliográficas apresenta-se as principais ações realizadas desde a elaboração de uma agenda da política pública de avaliação da educação superior até a criação do Sistema Nacional de Educação de Avaliação da Educação Superior - Sinaes. Palavras-chave: avaliação; educação superior; Brasil; Sinaes.
As características dos discentes de Ciências Contábeis e as estratégias metacognitivas de aprendizagem autorregulada
Authors: Silva Thiago Bruno de Jesus , Sallaberry Jonatas Dutra , Freitas Marcelo Machado , Flach Leonardo
Published: May 2020

Neste texto apresenta-se resultados de pesquisa que teve como objetivo analisar a relação entre as estratégias de aprendizagem autorregulada e as características individuais de discentes do curso de Ciências Contábeis. Aplicou-se modelagem de equações estruturais com mínimos quadrados parciais - PLS-SEM - em amostra de 364 estudantes por meio do instrumento de Zimmermann e Ponz (1986). Os resultados revelaram as estratégias empregadas, bem como a relação entre as características individuais às estratégias, reforçam a premissa de que estudantes com diferentes características empregam diferentes estratégias. A discussão dos resultados apresenta evidências que podem contribuir com o processo pedagógico de ensino, bem como fornece insights para a explicar problemas da literatura sobre a temática de aprendizagem autorregulada.Palavras-chave: ensino; aprendizado; memorização; desempenho.
The Nordic Region: Can Russia ‘Divide and Rule’? Four Russo-Nordic Relations After Crimea and Trump
Authors: Mouritzen Hans
Published: May 2020

The Nordic countries interact with Russia not only in the Baltic Sea region but also in the Barents region and the Polar Arctic. In order to get a full picture of the underlying dynamics, individual Nordic Russia-relations should be studied in a comprehensive framework. The framework applied here is one of great power wedging in regional dynamics. With geopolitical differences and mutual idiosyncracies, the Nordic soil has traditionally been fertile for great powers seeking to ‘divide and rule’, and Russia has apparently succeeded since about 2000. However, in the wake of Russia’s involvement in the Ukraine conflict and the election of Donald Trump as US president, geopolitical interests seem to be converging with fairly even threat perceptions being found in Nordic capitals. This will strengthen security and defence cooperation, although a common Nordic Russia-policy is unlikely. All four countries, in particular Sweden, face difficult dilemmas in this new situation.
El amor filial como práctica intersticial: Una etnografía digital
Authors: Scribano Adrián
Published: May 2020

Frente a la normalización global del disfrute inmediato a través del consumo, la internacionalización del miedo y la ansiedad, el surgimiento de la "pos-verdad" y la desconfianza respecto de la política, un análisis sistemático del amor como práctica intersticial se evidencia como una huella clara para comprender las sociedades contemporáneas. La felicidad, la reciprocidad y el amor como prácticas sociales permiten una visión diferente del proceso de estructuración social que en la actualidad da forma al mundo entero. La sociología se enfrenta hoy con cientos de miles de prácticas inscriptas en los intersticios, en los pliegues y grietas de unas economías políticas de la moral que son desmentidas en tanto totalidad cerrada por esas mismas prácticas. El artículo busca hacer visible un conjunto diverso y complejo de "prácticas del querer", asociadas al amor filial, que se presentan en América Latina como respuesta a la desaparición de personas, el femicidio, la discriminación, la violencia estatal y muchos otros nodos de las matrices de conflicto actuales. A través de una etnografía digital en 6 países (México, Guatemala, Brasil, Uruguay, Chile y Argentina) se han podido registrar un conjunto de prácticas basadas en el amor que reconfiguran el mapa de las acciones colectivas y zonas de rechazo en contra de la normalización globalizada. El artículo finaliza enfatizando la necesidad de seguir indagando en torno a la reciprocidad y la confianza como otras prácticas intersticiales que pueblan las múltiples redes de respuesta a la planetarización capitalista.Faced with the global normalization of immediate enjoyment through consumption, the internationalization of fear and anxiety, the emergence of "post-truth" and distrust of politics, a systematic analysis of love as an interstitial practice is evidenced as a clear footprint to understand contemporary societies. Happiness, reciprocity and love as social practices allow a different vision of the process of social structuring that currently shapes the whole world. Sociology today faces hundreds of thousands of practices that are inscribed in the interstices, in the folds and crevices of a political economy of morality that is denied as a totality closed by those same practices. The article seeks to make visible a diverse and complex set of "practices of wanting", associated with filial love, that are presented in Latin America in response to the disappearance of people, feminicide, discrimination, state violence and many other nodes of the current conflict matrices. Through a digital ethnography in 6 countries (Mexico, Guatemala, Brazil, Uruguay, Chile and Argentina) it has been possible to register a set of practices based on love that reconfigure the map of collective actions and areas of rejection against the globalized normalization. It ends by emphasizing the need to continue investigating around reciprocity and trust as other interstitial practices that populate the multiple networks of response to capitalist planetarization.
Multi-modal treatment strategy for achieving an aesthetic lower face
Authors: Jeong Tae Kwang , Chung Chang Ho , Min Kyung Hee
Published: May 2020

Background Most women consider an oval-shaped face to be youthful and beautiful. In recent years, demand has grown for surgical procedures with a shorter downtime and fewer complications. These minimally invasive procedures include botulinum toxin type A (BoNTA) injection, filler injection, suction-assisted liposuction (SAL), laser-assisted lipolysis (LAL), thread lifting, and fat grafting. This study aims to introduce an effective method for creating an aesthetically pleasing lower face using a combination of minimally invasive procedures.

Methods From March 2017 to March 2019, 94 patients simultaneously underwent LAL, SAL, and thread lifting. Ancillary procedures such as BoNTA injections, hyaluronic acid filler injections, and removal of the buccal fat pad (BFP) were selectively performed according to the patient’s condition.

Results Patients rated their postoperative satisfaction as very satisfied, satisfied, dissatisfied, or very dissatisfied. Approximately 83% of all respondents were satisfied with the results, whereas the remaining respondents had complaints regarding the outcomes. The most common reasons for dissatisfaction were a longer-than-expected recovery time and undercorrection, and the most severe complaint was skin depression as a result of overcorrection.

Conclusions Our method of simultaneously performing LAL, SAL, and thread lifting, while adding BoNTA, filler injections, and BFP removal as needed, was capable of producing consistent and reliable aesthetic outcomes for the lower face.
Epidemiology of severe trauma patients treated by plastic surgeons: A 7-year study at a single regional trauma center in South Korea
Authors: Jung Joo Sung , Kang Dong Hee , Lim Nam Kyu
Published: May 2020

Background After the laws regulating emergency medicine were amended in 2012, regional trauma centers were established in South Korea. Plastic surgeons specialize in the simultaneous surgical care of patients with facial trauma, burns, and complicated wounds. The objective of this study was to evaluate the role of the plastic surgery department in treating severe trauma patients.

Methods From January 2012 to December 2018, we enrolled 366 severe trauma patients with an Injury Severity Score (ISS) over 15 who received treatment by specialists in the plastic surgery department. Of these patients, 298 (81.4%) were male, and their mean age was 51.35 years (range, 6–91 years). The average ISS was 22.01 points (range, 16–75 points).

Results The most common diagnosis was facial trauma (95.1%), and facial bone fracture (65.9%) was most common injury within this subgroup. Patients were referred to 1.8 departments on average, with the neurosurgery department accounting for a high proportion of collaborations (37.0%). The most common cause of trauma was traffic accidents (62.3%), and the average length of stay in the general ward and intensive care unit was 36.90 and 8.01 days, respectively. Most patients were discharged home (62.0%) without additional transfer or readmission.

Conclusions Through this study, we scoped out the role of the specialty of plastic surgery in the multidisciplinary team at regional trauma centers. These results may have implications for trauma system planning.
Cristofania na Realidade Cosmoteândrica: cristologia de Raimon Panikkar e implicações para o Diálogo Inter-religioso e Intercultural
Authors: Panasiewicz Roberlei , Grassi Rita Macedo
Published: May 2020

No mundo contemporâneo, religiões e culturas se entrelaçam continuamente. Destacamos cristianismo, hinduísmo e budismo com suas riquezas históricas e teológicas incomensuráveis. Seria possível articulá-las para benefício do humanum, da humanidade e do diálogo inter-religioso e intercultural? Raimon Panikkar (1918-2010) procurou enfrentar este desafio. De caráter bibliográfico, esta investigação se propõe destacar aspectos das suas intuições teológicas que estimulam relações dialogais. A noção hindu advaita (adualidade) o possibilitou reler algumas de suas experiências teológicas. Destacaremos sua concepção de Trindade, a realidade denominada cosmoteândrica e suas implicações para a cristologia, denominada de cristofania. Estas intuições despertam novos direcionamentos para o diálogo inter-religioso e intercultural.
Disease-Modifying Therapies During the COVID-19 Outbreak
Authors: Thakolwiboon Smathorn , Zhao-Fleming Hannah , Pan Jie , Scott Jordan Knecht , Shoji Eri , Sohn Gyeongmo , Avila Mirla
Published: May 2020

Background:

Managing multiple sclerosis (MS) during the novel coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic is a challenge due to the lack of evidence from clinical studies. Disease-modifying therapies (DMTs) may affect the immune response and subsequently alter the risk of COVID-19 infections.

Methods:

A literature search was conducted on the MEDLINE, Embase, and Cochrane databases. A focused Google search was also performed. Recommendations regarding the use of DMTs during the COVID-19 outbreak from national and international MS/neurology societies were identified and reviewed.

Results:

The review included 16 recommendations from international and national MS organizations. All recommendations are based on expert opinions. The recommendations regarding DMT initiation and management during this outbreak are summarized. Moreover, the experts’ views about the risk of COVID-19 infection with each DMT are discussed.

Conclusions:

There is significant agreement among most experts’ recommendations from a variety of sources based on collective clinical experience. However, the recommendations will likely evolve because sufficient clinical data are limited. Several ongoing registries will help provide information for future recommendations.
Pregnant Women’s Experience During Antenatal Care in Private Clinic Maternity Nursing
Authors: Fujiana Fitri , Setyowati Setyowati , Rachmawati Imami Nur
Published: May 2020

Maternity nurses are authorized health workers that provide antenatal care, but their roles and function in antenatal care services are not recognized by the public. This research aims to reveal the experience of pregnant women during antenatal visits in private clinic maternity nursing. Six pregnant women selected using purposive sampling underwent an in-depth interview in this descriptive phenomenological study. Data were analyzed through thematic content analysis with Moustakas approach. Three themes were identified in this study: 1) women experience good communication with maternity nurses; 2) women receive family-centered nursing care; 3) the schedule, cost, facility, and types of service meet the participants’ needs. This study suggests for nurses to improve their competencies in delivering antenatal care according to clients’ needs. AbstrakPengalaman Kehamilan Wanita Selama Masa Perawatan Antenatal di Klinik Mandiri Keperawatan Maternitas. Perawat spesialis maternitas adalah petugas kesehatan berwenang yang menyediakan perawatan antenatal, tetapi peran dan fungsinya dalam layanan perawatan antenatal belum dikenal oleh masyarkat. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengungkapkan pengalaman ibu hamil selama kunjungan antenatal di klinik mandiri keperawatan maternitas. Enam ibu hamil yang dipilih menggunakan purposive sampling menjalani wawancara mendalam dalam studi fenomenologis deskriptif ini. Data dianalisis melalui tematik konten analisis dengan pendekatan Moustakas. Tiga tema diidentifikasi dalam penelitian ini: 1) ibu hamil mengalami komunikasi yang baik dengan perawat maternitas; 2) wanita menerima asuhan keperawatan yang berpusat pada keluarga; 3) jadwal, biaya, fasilitas, dan jenis pelayanan sesuai keinginan ibu hamil. Studi ini menyarankan bagi perawat untuk meningkatkan kompetensi mereka dalam memberikan pelayanan antenatal sesuai dengan kebutuhan klien.Kata Kunci: antenatal care, ibu hamil, perawat maternitas
Complexity of frequency receptive fields predicts tonotopic variability across species
Authors: Gaucher Quentin , Panniello Mariangela , Ivanov Aleksandar Z , Dahmen Johannes C , King Andrew J , Walker Kerry MM
Published: May 2020

Primary cortical areas contain maps of sensory features, including sound frequency in primary auditory cortex (A1). Two-photon calcium imaging in mice has confirmed the presence of these global tonotopic maps, while uncovering an unexpected local variability in the stimulus preferences of individual neurons in A1 and other primary regions. Here we show that local heterogeneity of frequency preferences is not unique to rodents. Using two-photon calcium imaging in layers 2/3, we found that local variance in frequency preferences is equivalent in ferrets and mice. Neurons with multipeaked frequency tuning are less spatially organized than those tuned to a single frequency in both species. Furthermore, we show that microelectrode recordings may describe a smoother tonotopic arrangement due to a sampling bias towards neurons with simple frequency tuning. These results help explain previous inconsistencies in cortical topography across species and recording techniques.
A new protocol for single-cell RNA-seq reveals stochastic gene expression during lag phase in budding yeast
Authors: Jariani Abbas , Vermeersch Lieselotte , Cerulus Bram , Perez-Samper Gemma , Voordeckers Karin , Van Brussel Thomas , Thienpont Bernard , Lambrechts Diether , Verstrepen Kevin J
Published: May 2020

Current methods for single-cell RNA sequencing (scRNA-seq) of yeast cells do not match the throughput and relative simplicity of the state-of-the-art techniques that are available for mammalian cells. In this study, we report how 10x Genomics’ droplet-based single-cell RNA sequencing technology can be modified to allow analysis of yeast cells. The protocol, which is based on in-droplet spheroplasting of the cells, yields an order-of-magnitude higher throughput in comparison to existing methods. After extensive validation of the method, we demonstrate its use by studying the dynamics of the response of isogenic yeast populations to a shift in carbon source, revealing the heterogeneity and underlying molecular processes during this shift. The method we describe opens new avenues for studies focusing on yeast cells, as well as other cells with a degradable cell wall.
Automated task training and longitudinal monitoring of mouse mesoscale cortical circuits using home cages
Authors: Murphy Timothy H , Michelson Nicholas J , Boyd Jamie D , Fong Tony , Bolanos Luis A , Bierbrauer David , Siu Teri , Balbi Matilde , Bolanos Federico , Vanni Matthieu , LeDue Jeff M
Published: May 2020

We report improved automated open-source methodology for head-fixed mesoscale cortical imaging and/or behavioral training of home cage mice using Raspberry Pi-based hardware. Staged partial and probabilistic restraint allows mice to adjust to self-initiated headfixation over 3 weeks’ time with ~50% participation rate. We support a cue-based behavioral licking task monitored by a capacitive touch-sensor water spout. While automatically head-fixed, we acquire spontaneous, movement-triggered, or licking task-evoked GCaMP6 cortical signals. An analysis pipeline marked both behavioral events, as well as analyzed brain fluorescence signals as they relate to spontaneous and/or task-evoked behavioral activity. Mice were trained to suppress licking and wait for cues that marked the delivery of water. Correct rewarded go-trials were associated with widespread activation of midline and lateral barrel cortex areas following a vibration cue and delayed frontal and lateral motor cortex activation. Cortical GCaMP signals predicted trial success and correlated strongly with trial-outcome dependent body movements.
Relationship between External Morphology and Gonads in Rainbow Lizard (Agama agama) in Obafemi Awolowo University, Ile-Ife, Nigeria
Authors: Bamidele A. O. , Mayor E. O.
Published: May 2020

Background of the Study: The morphology of any reptile may be affected by different environmental factors such as climate change and habitat related features such as availability of food and other resources.

Objective: This study aimed at determining the morphology and sexual variation of Rainbow male and female lizards (Agama.agama) in Obafemi Awolowo University. 

Study Design: Three locations in the University were selected (Student Hostels, Academic Area and Staff Quarters) and rainbow lizards were sampled from June to December 2019. 

Results: A total of 93 lizards were sampled, body parameters were measured, and the gonads were weighed after dissection. There was a positive correlation (0.98 & 0.78) between the body weight and gonad weight of the male and female lizards in all the three locations. Also, the specimen from the academic area of the University had the least body and gonad weight, while the samples caught in the staff quarters had the highest body and gonad weight. The Principal Component Analysis (PCA) showed a relationship in the body and gonad weight with few differences from samples captured in the academic area. 

Conclusion: In summary, external morphology of the rainbow lizards from all the three locations were similar with little difference in body weight. There was a positive relationship between external morphology and gonads of rainbow lizards.
Comparative Study of the Effect of Piper nigrum (White and Black) and Piper guineense on Lipids Quality of Groundnuts Pudding
Authors: Foffe Hermann Arantes Kohole , Teboukeu Gires Boungo , Tonfack Fabrice Djikeng , Ndomou Cyrille Serge Houketchang , Womeni Macaire Hilaire
Published: May 2020

This study investigates the effect of white and black Piper nigrum and Piper guineense on lipids quality of oil extracted from groundnuts pudding. This work was carried in the Research Unit of Biochemistry, Medicinal plants, Food Sciences, and Nutrition, Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Dschang, Cameroon, between January 2018 and December 2019. The antioxidant activity of these spices was determined. Cooking by steaming of groundnuts (Arachis hypogaea) pudding was carried out using groundnuts paste with 0 g, 0.5 g, 1 g, 2 g and 4 g of spices and 30 ml of warm water respectively. Oils were extracted from the prepared groundnuts pudding using a mixture of chloroform and methanol. The lipid quality of oil samples was studied by the determination of the peroxide, P-anisidine, total oxidation, thiobarbituric and iodine values. Results revealed that these spices possess non negligible antioxidant properties. Black Piper nigrum (BPN) presented the highest total phenolic (TPC: 85.00 mg GAE/g) and flavonoids (FC: 271.94 mg CE/g) contents. The lowest TPC and FC was observed with the aqueous extract white Piper nigrum (WPN: 52.38 mg GAE/g and 113.32 mg CE/g respectively). The use of these spices in groundnuts pudding preparation contributed to limit the formation of primary and secondary oxidation products of groundnuts pudding oil. It was also observed that white Piper nigrum (WPN) better preserve lipids quality of oils at all concentrations because oil extracted from pudding cooked with 0.5 g, 1 g, 2 g and 4 g presented peroxide values lower than 10 meqO2/kg (2.81 meqO2/kg, 2.99 meqO2/kg, 3.28 meqO2/kg and 5.46 meqO2/kg respectively). In summary these spices especially white Piper nigrum can be used to preserve lipids oxidation during cooking by steaming of groundnuts pudding.
Influences of Osmotic Dehydration on Drying Behavior and Product Quality of Coconut (Cocos nucifera)
Authors: Sarkar Animesh , Ahmed Tushar , Alam Mahabub , Rahman Somirita , Pramanik Shishir Kanti
Published: May 2020

This research was conducted to assess the drying kinetics and product quality during osmotic dehydration and air drying of coconut cuts. The coconuts were osmotically pretreated by different concentration of sugar solution (40 °Brix, 50 °Brix, and 60 °Brix) and temperature of osmotic solution (35°C, 45°C and 55°C) were maintained. The proportion of fruit to solution was maintained 1:4 (w/v) and pretreatment process length was 3 hours. Higher osmotic solution temperature at 55°C with low concentration 40 °Brix resulted in a huge reduction of antioxidant activity, vitamin C, polyphenol, and color contents while higher osmotic solution concentration at 50 °Brix with lower temperature 35°C held more. The present investigation likewise exhibited that moisture loss and solute gain rate extended with the increasing of osmotic solution temperature and concentration. The outcomes demonstrated that drying regime was typically in the falling rate period. We used regression analysis to the experimental drying data to fit three thin layer drying models. The most appropriate model(s) was selected using correlation coefficient (R2) and root mean square error (RMSE). The page model showed a better fit of the experimental drying data (as compared to other models) on the basis that R2> 0.9997 and RMSE < 0.0011. These data represent a good contribution to further investigation on the mass transfer kinetics and also demonstrated that fruits could be preserved with higher nutrient applying osmotic dehydration technique.
Investigation of the Interaction of Drug Tetradecyltrimethylammonium Bromide with Cetyltrimethylammonium Bromide at Different Temperature
Authors: Rahman Md. Matiar , Rahman Salina , . Nasiruddin
Published: May 2020

Antibiotic interaction between tetradecyltrimethylammonium bromide (TTAB) with cetyltrimethylammonium bromide (CTAB) has been studied in solution and within the attendance of salts at several temperatures (298.15, 303.15, 308.15, 313.15 and 318.15 K). One critical micelle concentration (CMC) was noted for pure CTAB and their mixture with the drug tetradecyltrimethylammonium bromide (TTAB). The CMC values for mixed systems (TTAB + CTAB) within the presence of salt exhibited lower in magnitude as compared to their absence. This acknowledged the first micellization of the mixture of TTAB and CTAB. All the G0m values were found to be negative for all systems. The H0m and S0m values disclosed that hydrophobic and electrostatic interactions were increased within the presence of salts compared to their absence at lower and better temperatures respectively. The opposite thermodynamics parameters like transfer energy (G0m.tr.), transfer enthalpy (H0m.tr.) also as transfer entropy (S0m.tr.) were also determined and discussed intimately. The inherent enthalpy gain (H0m) and therefore the compensation temperature (Tc) were also estimated and deliberated. Molecular dynamics simulation exposes that aqueous also as salt environment have an impact on the hydrophobic interaction between tetradecyltrimethylammonium bromide (TTAB) with cetyltrimethylammonium bromide (CTAB).
Nano-Bio Challenge: New Approaches in Agricultural Production
Authors: Cinisli Kağan Tolga , Akin Ela , Dikbaş Neslihan
Published: May 2020

Despite climate change scenarios, new research on improving yield and quality in agricultural production is extremely important. The use of nanomaterials and plant-growth-promoting bacteria (PGPB) has been of interest to researchers in recent years. In the future, the creation of new nano-biotechnological products by using nanomaterials together with bacteria will be more advantageous than conventional methods. Thus, the number of fertilizers applied on farmland will be reduced and maximum efficiency will be achieved with minimum input. The number of chemical inputs applied to agricultural areas will be reduced and effective protection against various plant stress factors will be provided. By producing Nano-bio-active. It is expected to increase mineral availability in farmland according to chemical formulations. The results obtained are certain to provide an effective benefit to the agricultural area and nature. Also, nano-biotechnological methods with new research potential are important for serving scientific researchers.