bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Visualization and analysis of gene expression in tissue sections by spatial transcriptomics
Authors: Ståhl Patrik L. , Salmén Fredrik , Vickovic Sanja , Lundmark Anna , Navarro José Fernández , Magnusson Jens , Giacomello Stefania , Asp Michaela , Westholm Jakub O. , Huss Mikael , Mollbrink Annelie , Linnarsson Sten , Codeluppi Simone , Borg Åke , Pontén Fredrik , Costea Paul Igor , Sahlén Pelin , Mulder Jan , Bergmann Olaf , Lundeberg Joakim , Frisén Jonas
Published: July 2016

Spatial structure of RNA expression

RNA-seq and similar methods can record gene expression within and among cells. Current methods typically lose positional information and many require arduous single-cell isolation and sequencing. Ståhl
et al.
have developed a way of measuring the spatial distribution of transcripts by annealing fixed brain or cancer tissue samples directly to bar-coded reverse transcriptase primers, performing reverse transcription followed by sequencing and computational reconstruction, and they can do so for multiple genes.

Science
, this issue p.
78
Mycorrhizal association as a primary control of the CO
2
fertilization effect
Authors: Terrer César , Vicca Sara , Hungate Bruce A. , Phillips Richard P. , Prentice I. Colin
Published: July 2016

Fungi relieve nitrogen limitation

Rising concentrations of atmospheric CO
2
stimulate plant growth; an effect that could reduce the pace of anthropogenic climate change. But plants also need nitrogen for growth. So far, experimental nitrogen addition has had equivocal effects on the magnitude of CO
2
fertilization. Terrer
et al.
explain that the impact of nitrogen on plant growth depends on the relationship between nitrogen availability and symbioses with mycorrhizal soil fungi. Only plants with ectomycorrhizal fungi associated with their roots can overcome nitrogen limitation.

Science
, this issue p.
72
North Atlantic ocean circulation and abrupt climate change during the last glaciation
Authors: Henry L. G. , McManus J. F. , Curry W. B. , Roberts N. L. , Piotrowski A. M. , Keigwin L. D.
Published: July 2016

An ocean of climate impacts

Large decreases in Atlantic meridional overturning circulation accompanied every one of the cold Northern Hemispheric stadial events that occurred during the heart of the last glacial period. These events, lasting on average around 1000 years each, have long been thought to result from changes in deep ocean circulation. Henry
et al.
used a suite of geochemical proxies from marine sediments to show that reductions in the export of northern deep waters occurred before and during stadial periods (see the Perspective by Schmittner). This observation firmly establishes the role of ocean circulation as a cause of abrupt glacial climate change during that interval.

Science
, this issue p.
470
; see also p.
445
Increased plasmid copy number is essential for
Yersinia
T3SS function and virulence
Authors: Wang He , Avican Kemal , Fahlgren Anna , Erttmann Saskia F. , Nuss Aaron M. , Dersch Petra , Fallman Maria , Edgren Tomas , Wolf-Watz Hans
Published: July 2016

Plasmid copy number promotes plague

The virulence of the plague bacterium,
Yersinia pestis
, is encoded on a plasmid. Normally, the bacterium only tolerates one copy of the plasmid, which provides the molecular machinery for injecting toxins into host cells. Wang
et al.
have found that
Y. pestis
can only be pathogenic if plasmid numbers are boosted and express enough protein components to assemble a functional virulence apparatus. Problematically, the synthetic activity of the plasmid has such a high metabolic cost that it can impede growth. Thus, the bacterium only allows the plasmid to replicate when it senses a potential host cell.

Science
, this issue p.
492
Catalytic, asymmetric difluorination of alkenes to generate difluoromethylated stereocenters
Authors: Banik Steven M. , Medley Jonathan William , Jacobsen Eric N.
Published: July 2016

Difluoromethyl groups possess specific steric and electronic properties that invite their use as chemically inert surrogates of alcohols, thiols, and other polar functional groups important in a wide assortment of molecular recognition processes. We report here a method for the catalytic, asymmetric, migratory geminal difluorination of β-substituted styrenes to access a variety of products bearing difluoromethylated tertiary or quaternary stereocenters. The reaction uses commercially available reagents (
m
-chloroperbenzoic acid and hydrogen fluoride pyridine) and a simple chiral aryl iodide catalyst and is carried out readily on a gram scale. Substituent effects and temperature-dependent variations in enantioselectivity suggest that cation-π interactions play an important role in stereodifferentiation by the catalyst.
Elucidation of AMPA receptor–stargazin complexes by cryo–electron microscopy
Authors: Twomey Edward C. , Yelshanskaya Maria V. , Grassucci Robert A. , Frank Joachim , Sobolevsky Alexander I.
Published: July 2016

Stargazin and the AMPA receptor

AMPA-subtype ionotropic glutamate receptors (AMPARs) mediate fast excitatory neurotransmission and contribute to higher cognitive processes such as learning and memory. In the brain, AMPARs exist as protein-protein complexes with various auxiliary subunits that tightly control AMPAR trafficking, gating, and pharmacology. Disruption of these complexes is implicated in numerous psychiatric and neurodegenerative diseases. Twomey
et al.
used cryo-electron microscopy to solve the structure of an AMPAR complex with stargazin (STZ), the major representative of transmembrane AMPAR regulatory proteins. STZ controls AMPAR synaptic targeting, synaptic plasticity, compartment-specific activity, pharmacology, and gating.

Science
, this issue p.
83
The battle lines are drawn
The War on Science Who's Waging It, Why It Matters, What We Can Do About It
Shawn Otto
Milkweed Editions, 2016. 530 pp.
Authors: Reczek Peter R.
Published: July 2016

In a stirring call to action, an author probes the forces that undermine evidence-based science policy
Yob
makes mosquitoes male
Authors: Sinkins Steven P.
Published: July 2016

A gender-switch gene opens avenues to malaria control
Timing photoemission—Final state matters
Authors: Bovensiepen Uwe , Ligges Manuel
Published: July 2016

Ultrafast spectroscopy can track the electron dynamics of the photoemission process
How frigate birds soar around the doldrums
Authors: Huey Raymond B. , Deutsch Curtis
Published: July 2016

Frigate birds forage over vast distances by getting boosts from thermals and trade winds
Draft Genome Sequence of
Halobacillus
sp. Strain KGW1, a Moderately Halophilic and Alkaline Protease-Producing Bacterium Isolated from the Rhizospheric Region of
Phragmites karka
from Chilika Lake, Odisha, India
Authors: Panda Ananta Narayan , Mishra Samir R. , Ray Lopamudra , Sahu Neha , Acharya Ankita , Jadhao Sudhir , Suar Mrutyunjay , Adhya Tapan Kumar , Rastogi Gurdeep , Pattnaik Ajit Kumar , Raina Vishakha
Published: July 2016

Halobacillus
sp. strain KGW1 is a moderately halophilic, rod shaped, Gram-positive, yellow pigmented, alkaline protease-producing bacterium isolated from a water sample from Chilika Lake, Odisha, India. Sequencing of bacterial DNA assembled a 3.68-Mb draft genome. The genome annotation analysis showed various gene clusters for tolerance to stress, such as elevated pH, salt concentration, and toxic metals.
Draft Genome Sequence of a New Zealand Rickettsia-Like Organism Isolated from Farmed Chinook Salmon
Authors: Gias Edna , Draper Jenny , Brosnahan Cara L. , Orr Della , McFadden Andrew , Jones Brian
Published: July 2016

We report here the draft genome sequence of a rickettsia-like organism, isolated from a New Zealand Chinook salmon farm experiencing high mortality. The genome is approximately 3 Mb in size, has a G+C content of approximately 39.2%, and is predicted to contain 2,870 coding sequences.
Genome Sequences of Gordonia terrae Phages Attis and SoilAssassin
Authors: Pope Welkin H. , Biery Daniel N. , Huff Zachary T. , Huynh Amy B. , McFadden William M. , Mouat Julia S. , Schneiderman Scott E. , Song Hannah , Szpak Leah E. , Umbaugh Melanie S. , German Brian A. , McDonnell Jill E. , Mezghani Nadia , Schafer Claire E. , Thompson Paige K. , Ulbrich Megan C. , Yu Victor J. , Furbee Emily C. , Grubb Sarah R. , Warner Marcie H. , Montgomery Matthew T. , Garlena Rebecca A. , Russell Daniel A. , Jacobs-Sera Deborah , Hatfull Graham F.
Published: July 2016

Attis and SoilAssassin are two closely related bacteriophages isolated on
Gordonia terrae
3612 from separate soil samples in Pittsburgh, PA. The Attis and SoilAssassin genomes are 47,881 bp and 47,880 bp, respectively, and have 74 predicted protein-coding genes, including toxin-antitoxin systems, but no tRNAs.
Complete Genome Sequence of Aurantimicrobium minutum Type Strain KNC
T
, a Planktonic Ultramicrobacterium Isolated from River Water
Authors: Nakai Ryosuke , Fujisawa Takatomo , Nakamura Yasukazu , Nishide Hiroyo , Uchiyama Ikuo , Baba Tomoya , Toyoda Atsushi , Fujiyama Asao , Naganuma Takeshi , Niki Hironori
Published: July 2016

Aurantimicrobium minutum
type strain KNC
T
is a planktonic ultramicrobacterium isolated from river water in western Japan. Strain KNC
T
has an extremely small, streamlined genome of 1,622,386 bp comprising 1,575 protein-coding sequences. The genome annotation suggests that strain KNC
T
has an actinorhodopsin-based photometabolism.
Genome Sequence of the Psychrophilic Bacterium Tenacibaculum ovolyticum Strain da5A-8 Isolated from Deep Seawater
Authors: Teramoto Maki , Zhai Zhenyu , Komatsu Ayumi , Shibayama Keigo , Suzuki Masato
Published: July 2016

Some bacterial species of the genus
Tenacibaculum
, including
Tenacibaculum ovolyticum
, have been known as fish pathogens in the sea. So far, the only published genome sequence for this genus is for
Tenacibaculum dicentrarchi
, which could also be a fish pathogen. Strain da5A-8, showing 100% identity to the 16S rRNA gene sequence of
T. ovolyticum
DSM 18103
T
, was isolated from seawater at a depth of 344 m in Kochi, Japan, and grew optimally at 10 to 20°C. The genome sequence of strain da5A-8 revealed the possible virulence genes commonly observed in the genus
Tenacibaculum
.
Low prevalence of fetal-type posterior cerebral artery in patients with basilar tip aneurysms
Authors: Diogo Mariana C , Fragata Isabel , Dias Sara P , Nunes Joana , Pamplona Jaime , Reis João
Published: July 2016

Background

Basilar tip aneurysms (BTA) are multifactorial in origin, with luminal forces playing a major role in their formation. Considering the reduced hemodynamic stress on the basilar apex in the fetal-type posterior cerebral artery (fPCA), we hypothesize that BTA should be less common in patients with this variant.

Objective

To investigate, in a retrospective case–control study, the frequency of fPCA in patients with and without BTA.

Materials and methods

We collected clinical and imaging data from consecutive patients with BTA undergoing catheter angiography between July 2010 and July 2015, and from a randomly selected, age- and sex-matched non-BTA control population from our prospective database. Anatomical variants of the distal basilar artery region were assessed in the two groups and compared using parametric and non-parametric tests.

Results

Fifty-nine BTA cases and 337 controls were included. fPCA was present in 3% of patients with BTA and 23% in the control group (p<0.001; OR=0.11, 95% CI 0.03 to 0.48). Basilar tip disposition was cranial in 49% of BTA and 63% of non-BTA cases (p=0.04; OR=0.57, 95% CI 0.33 to 0.99); a caudal disposition was found in 24% and 6% of cases, respectively (p<0.001; OR=4.65, 95% CI 2.21 to 9.80).

Conclusions

We found a statistically significant association between the absence of fPCA and BTA. Our findings underline the importance of hemodynamic stress in the formation of intracranial aneurysms, and suggest that fPCA is a protective variant for formation of BTA.
PHOTOELECTROCHEMICAL CELL OF HYBRID REGIOREGULAR POLY(3-HEXYLTHIOPHENE-2,5-DIYL) AND MOLYBDENUM DISULFIDE FILM
Authors: ABDELMOLA FATMAELZAHRAA M. , RAM MANOJ K. , TAKSHI ARASH , STAFANAKOS ELIAS , KUMAR ASHOK , GOSWAMI D. YOGI
Published: July 2016

The photoelectrochemical cell attracts attention worldwide due to conversion of optical energy into electricity, production of hydrogen through water splitting and use in photodetector and photo-sensor applications. We have been working on the photochemical cell based on regioregular polyhexylthiophenes hybrid-structured films for photoelectrochemical and photovoltaic applications. This paper discusses the hybrid film studies on regioregular poly(3-hexylthiophene-2,5-diyl) (P3HT) with 2D molybdenum disulfide (MoS2) for photoelectrochemical cell. The hybrid P3HT/MoS2films deposited over indium tin oxide (ITO)-coated glass plate or n-type silicon substrates were characterized using FTIR, UV/vis, electrochemical and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) techniques. The optical measurements showed a higher absorption magnitude with low reflection properties of P3HT/MoS2hybrid films revealing a superior photocurrent compared to both P3HT and MoS2films. The P3HT/MoS2hybrid-based photoelectrochemical cell yielded a short-circuit current ([Formula: see text]) of 183.16[Formula: see text][Formula: see text], open-circuit voltage ([Formula: see text]) of 0.92[Formula: see text]V, fill factor (FF) of 25% and power conversion efficiency ([Formula: see text]) of 0.18% under the light intensity of 242[Formula: see text]W[Formula: see text]. The estimated power conversion efficiency and fill factor are comparable to organic-based photovoltaic devices.
HIGH-TEMPERATURE TRIBOLOGICAL BEHAVIORS OF TiNi/Ti2Ni ALLOYED LAYER ON SURFACE OF Ti6Al4V ALLOY
Authors: WANG ZHENXIA , WU HAIRUI , LIN NAIMING , YAO XIAOHONG , HE ZHIYONG , LIU XIAOPING
Published: July 2016

Plasma surface alloying (PSA) technique was employed with nickel as incident ions to prepare the TiNi/Ti2Ni alloyed layer on surface of Ti6Al4V. High-temperature friction and wear performance of TiNi/Ti2Ni alloyed layer and the Ti6Al4V substrate were evaluated at 500[Formula: see text]C. The results indicated that the TiNi/Ti2Ni alloyed layer exhibited superior high-temperature wear performance. The variations of friction coefficient were the same rule but wear rate was lower compared to Ti6Al4V substrate. The wear mechanism of TiNi/Ti2Ni alloyed layer was mainly slight abrasion and the Ti6Al4V substrate showed abrasion and oxidation wear. The friction coefficient of the TiNi/Ti2Ni alloyed layer decreased from 0.90 to 0.50 with the increase of temperature from room temperature to 500[Formula: see text]C.
Commutative feebly clean rings
Authors: Arora Nitin , Kundu S.
Published: July 2016

A ring [Formula: see text] is defined to be feebly clean, if every element [Formula: see text] can be written as [Formula: see text], where [Formula: see text] is a unit and [Formula: see text], [Formula: see text] are orthogonal idempotents. Feebly clean rings generalize clean rings and are also a proper generalization of weakly clean rings. The family of all semiclean rings properly contains the family of all feebly clean rings. Further properties of feebly clean rings are studied, some of them analogous to those for clean rings. The feebly clean property is investigated for some rings of complex-valued continuous functions. Throughout, all rings are commutative with identity.
On some weighted zero-sum constants
Authors: Chintamani Mohan N. , Paul Prabal
Published: July 2016

Let [Formula: see text] be a finite abelian group with exponent exp[Formula: see text]. Let [Formula: see text]. The constant [Formula: see text] is defined as the least positive integer [Formula: see text] such that for any given sequence [Formula: see text] of elements of [Formula: see text] with length [Formula: see text] it has a [Formula: see text] length [Formula: see text]-weighted zero-sum subsequence. In this article, we obtain the exact value of [Formula: see text] for [Formula: see text] and an upper bound for the case [Formula: see text], where [Formula: see text] is an odd prime, [Formula: see text] is an odd integer and [Formula: see text]. We also obtain the structural information on the extremal zero-sum free sequences.
Constant terms of Eisenstein series over a totally real field
Authors: Ozawa Tomomi
Published: July 2016

In this paper we compute constant terms of the Eisenstein series defined over a totally real field at all cusps. We explicitly describe the constant terms of Eisenstein series at each equivalence class of cusps in terms of special values of Hecke [Formula: see text]-functions. This investigation is motivated by M. Ohta’s work on congruence modules related to the Eisenstein series defined over the field of rational numbers.
Derivation relations for finite multiple zeta values
Authors: Murahara Hideki
Published: July 2016

The derivation relations for multiple zeta values are proved by Ihara, Kaneko and Zagier. We prove its counterpart for finite multiple zeta values.
Mordell–Weil ranks of elliptic curves in the cyclotomic ℤ2-extension of the rationals
Authors: Matsuno Kazuo
Published: July 2016

In this paper, we prove that there exist infinitely many elliptic curves whose Mordell–Weil ranks increase at the fourth layer of the cyclotomic [Formula: see text]-extension of [Formula: see text].
Proteomic-Based Approaches for the Study of Cytokines in Lung Cancer
Authors: Marrugal Ángela , Ojeda Laura , Paz-Ares Luis , Molina-Pinelo Sonia , Ferrer Irene
Published: July 2016

Proteomic techniques are currently used to understand the biology of different human diseases, including studies of the cell signaling pathways implicated in cancer progression, which is important in knowing the roles of different proteins in tumor development. Due to its poor prognosis, proteomic approaches are focused on the identification of new biomarkers for the early diagnosis, prognosis, and targeted treatment of lung cancer. Cytokines are proteins involved in inflammatory processes and have been proposed as lung cancer biomarkers and therapeutic targets because it has been reported that some cytokines play important roles in tumor development, invasion, and metastasis. In this review, we aim to summarize the different proteomic techniques used to discover new lung cancer biomarkers and therapeutic targets. Several cytokines have been identified as important players in lung cancer using these techniques. We underline the most important cytokines that are useful as biomarkers and therapeutic targets. We also summarize some of the therapeutic strategies targeted for these cytokines in lung cancer.
Far beyond Phagocytosis: Phagocyte-Derived Extracellular Traps Act Efficiently against Protozoan ParasitesIn VitroandIn Vivo
Authors: Silva Liliana M. R. , Muñoz-Caro Tamara , Burgos Rafael A. , Hidalgo Maria A. , Taubert Anja , Hermosilla Carlos
Published: July 2016

Professional mononuclear phagocytes such as polymorphonuclear neutrophils (PMN), monocytes, and macrophages are considered as the first line of defence against invasive pathogens. The formation of extracellular traps (ETs) by activated mononuclear phagocytes is meanwhile well accepted as an effector mechanism of the early host innate immune response acting against microbial infections. Recent investigations showed evidence that ETosis is a widely spread effector mechanism in vertebrates and invertebrates being utilized to entrap and kill bacteria, fungi, viruses, and protozoan parasites. ETs are released in response to intact protozoan parasites or to parasite-specific antigens in a controlled cell death process. Released ETs consist of nuclear DNA as backbone adorned with histones, antimicrobial peptides, and phagocyte-specific granular enzymes thereby producing a sticky extracellular matrix capable of entrapping and killing pathogens. This review summarizes recent data on protozoa-induced ETosis. Special attention will be given to molecular mechanisms of protozoa-induced ETosis and on its consequences for the parasites successful reproduction and life cycle accomplishment.
BAFF and APRIL from Activin A–Treated Dendritic Cells Upregulate the Antitumor Efficacy of Dendritic Cells In Vivo
Authors: Shurin Michael R. , Ma Yang , Keskinov Anton A. , Zhao Ruijing , Lokshin Anna , Agassandian Marianna , Shurin Galina V.
Published: July 2016

The members of the TGFβ superfamily play a key role in regulating developmental and homeostasis programs by controlling differentiation, proliferation, polarization, and survival of different cell types. Although the role of TGFβ1 in inflammation and immunity is well evident, the contribution of other TGFβ family cytokines in the modulation of the antitumor immune response remains less documented. Here we show that activin A triggers SMAD2 and ERK1/2 pathways in dendritic cells (DC) expressing type I and II activin receptors, and upregulates production of the TNFα family cytokines BAFF (TALL-1, TNFSF13B) and APRIL (TALL-2, TNFSF13A), which is blocked by SMAD2 and ERK1/2 inhibitors, respectively. BAFF and APRIL derived from activin A–treated DCs upregulate proliferation and survival of T cells expressing the corresponding receptors, BAFF-R and TACI. In vivo, activin A–stimulated DCs demonstrate a significantly increased ability to induce tumor-specific CTLs and inhibit the growth of melanoma and lung carcinoma, which relies on DC-derived BAFF and APRIL, as knockdown of the BAFF and APRIL gene expression in activin A–treated DCs blocks augmentation of their antitumor potential. Although systemic administration of activin A, BAFF, or APRIL for the therapeutic purposes is not likely due to the pluripotent effects on malignant and nonmalignant cells, our data open a novel opportunity for improving the efficacy of DC vaccines. In fact, a significant augmentation of the antitumor activity of DC pretreated with activin A and the proven role of DC-derived BAFF and APRIL in the induction of antitumor immunity in vivo support this direction. Cancer Res; 76(17); 4959–69. ©2016 AACR.
Metabolic Stress-Induced Phosphorylation of KAP1 Ser473 Blocks Mitochondrial Fusion in Breast Cancer Cells
Authors: Cheng Chun-Ting , Kuo Ching-Ying , Ouyang Ching , Li Chien-Feng , Chung Yiyin , Chan David C. , Kung Hsing-Jien , Ann David K.
Published: July 2016

Mitochondrial dynamics during nutrient starvation of cancer cells likely exert profound effects on their capability for metastatic progression. Here, we report that KAP1 (TRIM28), a transcriptional coadaptor protein implicated in metastatic progression in breast cancer, is a pivotal regulator of mitochondrial fusion in glucose-starved cancer cells. Diverse metabolic stresses induced Ser473 phosphorylation of KAP1 (pS473-KAP1) in a ROS- and p38-dependent manner. Results from live-cell imaging and molecular studies revealed that during the first 6 to 8 hours of glucose starvation, mitochondria initially underwent extensive fusion, but then subsequently fragmented in a pS473-KAP1-dependent manner. Mechanistic investigations using phosphorylation-defective mutants revealed that KAP1 Ser473 phosphorylation limited mitochondrial hyperfusion in glucose-starved breast cancer cells, as driven by downregulation of the mitofusin protein MFN2, leading to reduced oxidative phosphorylation and ROS production. In clinical specimens of breast cancer, reduced expression of MFN2 corresponded to poor prognosis in patients. In a mouse xenograft model of human breast cancer, there was an association in the core region of tumors between MFN2 downregulation and the presence of highly fragmented mitochondria. Collectively, our results suggest that KAP1 Ser473 phosphorylation acts through MFN2 reduction to restrict mitochondrial hyperfusion, thereby contributing to cancer cell survival under conditions of sustained metabolic stress. Cancer Res; 76(17); 5006–18. ©2016 AACR.
Systemic DC Activation Modulates the Tumor Microenvironment and Shapes the Long-Lived Tumor-Specific Memory Mediated by CD8+ T Cells
Authors: Shimizu Kanako , Yamasaki Satoru , Shinga Jun , Sato Yusuke , Watanabe Takashi , Ohara Osamu , Kuzushima Kiyotaka , Yagita Hideo , Komuro Yoshiko , Asakura Miki , Fujii Shin-ichiro
Published: July 2016

Strategies to reprogram the tumor microenvironment are being explored to improve cancer immunotherapy. In one approach, we have targeted dendritic cells (DC) to improve their function with adjuvant vector cells (aAVC) that are engineered from NKT ligand-loaded CD1d+ allogeneic cells transfected with tumor antigen mRNAs. Here, we report the finding that this approach also programs local immune responses by establishing tertiary lymphoid structures (TLS), which include expanded antigen-specific CD8+ T-cell clones, mobilized DCs, and normalized tumor vasculature. aAVC therapy also expanded specific Vβ-expressing antitumor T-cell clones, leading to the formation of long-term memory T cells. When combined with PD-1 blockade, aAVC infusion triggered regression of poorly immunogenic tumor cells that did not respond to PD-1 blockade alone, as well as expansion of antigen-specific CD8+ T-cell clones in the tumor. The findings of this study help to inform a next-generation platform for the generation of efficacious cancer vaccines. Cancer Res; 76(13); 3756–66. ©2016 AACR.
Tyrosine Phosphatase PTPRJ/DEP-1 Is an Essential Promoter of Vascular Permeability, Angiogenesis, and Tumor Progression
Authors: Fournier Patrick , Dussault Sylvie , Fusco Alfredo , Rivard Alain , Royal Isabelle
Published: July 2016

The protein tyrosine phosphatase PTPRJ/DEP-1 has been implicated in negative growth regulation in endothelial cells, where its expression varies at transitions between proliferation and contact inhibition. However, in the same cells, DEP-1 has also been implicated in VEGF-dependent Src activation, permeability, and capillary formation, suggesting a positive role in regulating these functions. To resolve this dichotomy in vivo, we investigated postnatal angiogenesis and vascular permeability in a DEP-1–deficient mouse. In this study, we report that DEP-1 is required for Src activation and phosphorylation of its endothelial cell–specific substrate, VE-cadherin, after systemic injection of VEGF. Accordingly, VEGF-induced vascular leakage was abrogated in the DEP-1–deficient mice. Furthermore, capillary formation was impaired in murine aortic tissue rings or Matrigel plugs infused with VEGF. In the absence of DEP-1, angiogenesis triggered by ischemia or during tumor formation was defective, which in the latter case was associated with reduced tumor cell proliferation and increased apoptosis. Macrophage infiltration was also impaired, reflecting reduced vascular permeability in the tumors or a possible cell autonomous effect of DEP-1. Consequently, the formation of spontaneous and experimental lung metastases was strongly decreased in DEP-1–deficient mice. In clinical specimens of cancer, less vascularized tumors exhibited lower microvascular expression of DEP-1. Altogether, our results established DEP-1 as an essential driver of VEGF-dependent permeability, angiogenesis, and metastasis, suggesting a novel therapeutic route to cancer treatment. Cancer Res; 76(17); 5080–91. ©2016 AACR.
CDK4/6 Inhibitors: Promising Opportunities beyond Breast Cancer
Authors: Lim Joline S.J. , Turner Nicholas C. , Yap Timothy A.
Published: July 2016

Summary: Patnaik and colleagues report on the safety, pharmacokinetics, pharmacodynamics, and preliminary efficacy of abemaciclib for the treatment of advanced solid cancers, demonstrating antitumor activity in advanced breast cancers as well as glioblastoma, melanoma, non–small cell lung cancer, colorectal cancer, and ovarian cancer. The development of abemaciclib and other CDK4/6 inhibitors should now be fully optimized through the use of novel predictive biomarkers of response and rational combinations. Cancer Discov; 6(7); 697–9. ©2016 AACR.

See related article by Patnaik et al., p. 740.
Impaired VEGF Signaling in Lungs with Hypoplastic Esophageal Atresia and Effects on Branching Morphogenesis
Authors: Liu Xiaomei , Liu Caixia , Ma Tie , Jiao Yisheng , Miao Jianing , Gao Linlin
Published: July 2016

Background/Aims: Patients with esophageal atresia (EA) and tracheoesophageal fistula (TEF) often suffer chronic respiratory tract disease. We previously reported that primary lung maldevelopment caused by deficient branching of embryonal airways in experimental EA-TEF was induced by Adriamycin. In this study, we investigated the Vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) pathway in the developing lung in an EA-TEF rat model. We further analyzed the effect of recombinant VEGF treatment in vitro on branching morphogenesis of embryo lungs in experimental EA-TEF. Methods: Pregnant rats received either Adriamycin or vehicle on E7, E8 and E9. Lungs were recovered at E15, E18 and E21. Expression of VEGF and receptors (Flk-1 and Flt-1) were assessed by quantitative PCR, immunohistochemistry and immunoblotting. E13 lungs were cultured for 72 hours with 50 ng/mL of recombinant rat VEGF in serum-free medium. The rates of increase in bud count and airway contour were evaluated. Results: Our results showed a significant downregulation of VEGF during pseudoglandular and canalicular stages. In contrast, there were significantly higher levels of the Flt-1 receptor in the canalicular stage, which may represent a compensatory response to decreased VEGF. However, both variables returned to normal levels at the saccular stage. Exogenous VEGF treatment enhanced hypoplastic lung growth, evidenced by the increase in bud count and airway contour. Conclusions: A VEGF signaling defect possibly plays an important role in defective embryonic airway branching. Additionally, VEGF treatment may accelerate lung growth in EA-TEF lungs.
Targeting HMGA2 in Retinoblastoma Cells in vitro Using the Aptamer Strategy
Authors: Nalini Venkatesan , Deepa Perinkulam Ravi , Raguraman Rajeswari , Khetan Vikas , Reddy Maddy Ashwin , Krishnakumar Subramanian
Published: July 2016

High-mobility group A2 (HMGA2) protein regulates retinoblastoma (RB) cancer cell proliferation. Here, a stable phosphorothioate-modified HMGA2 aptamer was used to block HMGA2 protein function in RB cells. HMGA2-aptamer internalisation in RB cells (Y79, Weri Rb1) and non-neoplastic human retinal cells (MIO-M1) were optimised. Aptamer induced dose-dependent cytotoxicity in RB cancer cells (0.25-1.5 µM). Increased expression of TGFβ, SMAD4, CDH1, BAX, CASP 3, PARP mRNA and decreased SNAI1, Bcl2 mRNA levels in aptamer-treated RB cells suggests the activation of TGFβ-SMAD4-mediated apoptotic pathway. Synergistic effect with etoposide was observed in aptamer treated RB cells (p value ≤0.05). No significant toxicity was observed in non-neoplastic retinal cells.
Single-Switch Soft-Switched Boost Power Factor Corrector for Modular Applications
Authors: Gonzalez Tomas A. , O. Mercuri Daniel , E. Tacca Hernan , E. Pupareli Maximo
Published: July 2016

Modern dc power supplies provide power factor correction but the classical two-stage approach, using hard-switched preregulators, has detrimental effects on efficiency and reliability, particularly for high power applications. With some circuit modifications and the addition of a few magnetic components, diodes and capacitors, we have turned a classical boost power factor corrector into a high efficiency soft-switched version. The proposed converter turns on its single switch with zero current and turns it off with zero voltage. In this paper we explain the proposed changes, we study the waveforms and equations and we verify them with an experimental prototype. We also show how the converter can be used for modular single- and three-phase high power applications.
Fuzzy Logic Controlled Harmonic Suppressor in Cascaded Multilevel Inverter
Authors: Kameswari Y. Lalitha , Sekhar O. Chandra
Published: July 2016

This paper presents an investigation of seven level cascaded H-bridge (CHB) inverter in power system for compensation of harmonics.For power quality  control a Fuzzy Logic Control (FLC)  giving comparatively better harmonic reduction than the conventional controllers. Harmonic distortion is the most important power quality problem stirring in multilevel inverter, the harmonics can be eliminated by an optimal selection of switching angles. A hybrid evaluation technique evaluates the obtained optimal switching angles that are attained from the fuzzy inference system as well as neural network. The proposed method will be implemented in MATLAB working platform and the harmonic elimination performance will be evaluated.
Design Approach To High Voltage High Power Steam-Turbine Driven Alternator
Authors: Ghosh Pritish Kumar , Shrivastav Alok Kumar , Sadhu Pradip Kumar , Sanyal Amarnath
Published: July 2016

The paper deals with the design methodology of high voltage high power alternators driven by steam turbines. These alternators run at a high speed of 3000 rpm in most part of the world (at 3600 rpm in USA) and are of cylindrical pole construction. The design procedure suggested in the text-books of design does not well-suit for large alternators of modern time. Modern high power alternators are designed with a low value of SCR to reduce the size, inertia and cost of the rotor. The diameter is limited by the consideration of centrifugal stresses. The no.of stator slots are determined by the no. of turns. The ventilating circuit has to be designed for hydrogen as coolant and in addition with water flowing through hollow conductors, if required. The data for the design variables and the design constraints are quite different from those for small power ratings. The materials to be chosen must be of very high quality. The computer programme has been chalked out and the case-study has been conducted keeping all these points in view.
Modelling and Simulation of a Sensorless Control of a True Asymmetric Cascade H-Bridge Multilevel Inverter PMSM Drives
Authors: Saleh Kamel , Sumner Mark
Published: July 2016

This paper introduces a new method to track the saliency of an AC motor fed by a multilevel converter through measuring the dynamic current response of the motor line currents due the IGBT switching actions. The method uses only the fundamental PWM waveform (i.e there is no modification to the operation of the multilevel converter) similar to the fundamental PWM method proposed for a 2-level converter. Simulation results are provided to demonstrate the performance of the complete sensorless speed control of a PM motor driven by such a converter over a wide speed range. Finally the paper introduces a comparison between the 2-level converter and the multilevel converter in terms of the reduction of the Total Harmonic Distortion (THD) using the fundamental PWM method in both cases.
A New Structure for Sen Transformer Using Three Winding Linear Transformer
Authors: Lailypour Chia , Farsadi Murteza
Published: July 2016

In this paper a new structure for "Sen" transformer is introduced, by using three winding transformers with neutral point in order to use negative value of compensating voltage. Combination of taps will be adjusted by a novel algorithm, to control the required active and reactive powers, separately. This paper tries to focus on three parts. First of all there is an introduction on the concept of ST structure what comes next is a try to work on power flow control by using PI controllers and an algorithm to find the best and efficient combination of taps, finally proposed idea and algorithm will be implement on a practical system. Implementation of the system consist of two separated and related parts. The first one is about transmission line and Sen Transformer and the interaction between them. The second part is programing codes that adjust taps for required active and reactive powers.
Low Voltage Ride-through for Doubly Fed Induction Generator Using Battery-Storage System
Authors: Ananth D.V.N. , Nagesh Kumar G.V.
Published: July 2016

In this paper, enhanced field oriented control technique (EFOC) was adopted in Rotor Side Control (RSC) of DFIG converter for improved response during severe faults. The work is intended to damp pulsations in electromagnetic torque, improve voltage mitigation and limit surge currents and to enhance the operation of DFIG during voltage sags. The converter topology uses a battery energy storage system with capacitor storage system to further enhance operation of DFIG during faults. The battery and capacitor system in coordination provide additional real and reactive power support during faults and nearly constant voltage profile at stator and rotor terminals and limit overcurrents. For EFOC technique, rotor flux reference changes its value from synchronous speed to zero during fault for injecting current at the rotor slip frequency. In this process DC-Offset component of flux is controlled, decomposition during overvoltage faults. The offset decomposition of flux will be oscillatory in a conventional FOC, whereas in EFOC it will damp quickly. A comparison is made with proposed methodology with battery energy storage system and a conventional system. Later the system performance with under voltage of 50% the rated voltage with fault at PCC during 0.8 to 1.2 seconds is analysed using simulation studies.
Fuzzy Logic Controller Based Bridgeless Isolated Interleaved Zeta Converter for LED Lamp Driver Application
Authors: R Thenmozhi , C Sharmeela , P Natarajan , R Velraj
Published: July 2016

In recent times, High-Brightness Light Emitting Diodes (HB-LEDs) are developing rapidly and it is confirmed to be the future development in lighting not only because of their high efficiency and high reliability, however also because of their other exceptional features: chromatic variety, shock and vibration resistance, etc. In this paper, a Bridgeless (BL) Isolated Interleaved Zeta Converter is proposed for the purpose of reducing the diode failures or losses, the value of output ripples also gets decreased. The proposed BL isolated interleaved zeta converter operating in Discontinuous Conduction Mode (DCM) is used for controlling the brightness of LED Driver with inherent PFC at ac mains using single voltage sensor. The fuzzy logic controller (FLC) is used to adjust the Modulation Index of the voltage controller in order to improve the dynamic response of LED Lamp driver. Based on the error of converter output voltage, FLC is designed to select the optimum Modulation Index of the voltage controller. The proposed LED driver is simulated to achieve a unity power factor at ac mains for a wide range of voltage control and supply voltage fluctuations.
Genetic Algorithm Application in Asymmetrical 9-Level Inverter
Authors: Taleb Rachid , Helaimi M’hamed , Benyoucef Djilali , Boudjema Zinelaabidine
Published: July 2016

Selective harmonic elimination (SHE) has been a widely researched alternative to traditional PWM techniques. This paper presents the selective harmonic elimination of a uniform step asymmetrical multilevel inverter (USAMI) using genetic algorithm (GA) which eliminates specified higher order harmonics while maintaining the required fundamental voltage. This technique can be applied to USAMI with any number of levels. As an example, in this paper a 9-level USAMI is considered and the optimum switching angles are calculated to eliminate the 5th, 7th and 11th harmonics.
An Improved DTFC based Five Levels - NPC Inverter Fed Induction Motor for Torque Ripple Minimization
Authors: Rajasekaran P. , Senthilkumar V. Jawahar
Published: July 2016

This paper presents a five level Neutral Point Clamped (NPC) inverter fed IM (Induction Motor) drive for variable speed application. In general the stator current is very highly affected by the harmonic components. It can be affecting the torque to produce high torque ripple in IM at maximum to low speed region. Since the drive performances are depends on mathematical model contains the parameters variations, noise, common mode voltage, flux variation and harmonic levels of the machine. Torque ripples and voltage saturations are the most significant problems in drive application. To overcome this problem the DTFC (direct torque and flux control) technique based ﬁve-level neutral-point-clamped (NPC-5L) approach is used. The proposed control scheme uses to stator current error as variable. Through the resistance estimated PI controller rules based the selection of voltage space vector modulation technique is optimized and motor performance level has been improved. The torque & speed are successfully controlled with less torque response. The results are compared and verified with conventional three phases VSI under different control technique by Matlab/Simulink.
Para pensar o colonial e o pós-colonial: Fronteiras para a teoria e a crítica literárias
Authors: Daie Fábio Salem
Published: July 2016

O presente artigo investiga as diferenças e inflexões entre algumas das formulações centrais da teoria pós-colonial inglesa e autores latino-americanos que se dedicaram a pensar o estatuto da cultura e suas trocas simbólicas em momentos diversos. Busca-se relacionar historicamente os paradigmas teóricos dessa teoria pós-colonial à ascensão neoliberal das décadas de 1980-1990, chamando a atenção para sua ênfase “culturalista”, tal como designado pelo crítico inglês Terry Eagleton.
Itinerários acadêmicos
Authors: Elgebaly Maged Talaat Mohamed Ahmed
Published: July 2016

Trata-se de um diário acadêmico dos itinerários percorridos pelo autor desde sua formação em língua espanhola, língua árabe e língua inglesa no Egito, passando pelo mestrado em linguística na Colômbia e terminando pelo doutorado em Estudos Comparados em língua portuguesa na USP.
Casas de tijolos, terra brasileira. Tradição popular na arquitetura de Luís Saia
Authors: Masseran Paulo Roberto
Published: July 2016

O trabalho aborda a produção arquitetural do arquiteto Luís Saia (1911-1975) e a relaciona com o espectro mais amplo de suas atividades nos campos da historiografia da arquitetura brasileira, da preservação e do restauro do patrimônio nacional, como busca obstinada de parâmetros conceituais para fundamentar o projeto de uma arquitetura moderna e brasileira.
Luís Saia, um pioneiro na restauração de casas bandeiristas
Authors: Mayumi Lia
Published: July 2016

O presente artigo é uma síntese de alguns dos temas centrais da nossa tese de Doutoramento Taipa, canela preta, concreto. Esmiuça os aspectos técnicos envolvidos na obra de restauro da Casa do Bandeirante, a morada bandeirista mais conhecida de São Paulo, situando a obra no contexto dos anos 1950, período em que,a cidade e o estado se projetavam no cenário nacional, e quando se fez presente o mito bandeirista. Luís Saia participou ativamente da construção do mito bandeirista, teorizando-o e conceituando a morada bandeirista. Foi pioneiro no estabelecimento dos critérios de restauração de casas bandeiristas, influenciando gerações de profissionais arquitetos restauradores.
Versão brasileira do Social Support Appraisals: estudos de confiabilidade e validade
Authors: Squassoni Carolina Elisabeth , Simões Matsukura Thelma , Panúncio-Pinto Maria Paula
Published: July 2016

O Social Support Appraisals avalia a percepção de crianças e adolescentes sobre o apoio social recebido da família, amigos, professores e outras pessoas da comunidade. O objetivo do estudo foi avaliar a confiabilidade e a validade de construto da versão brasileira do instrumento. Participaram 766 crianças e adolescentes, com idades entre 9 e 18 anos. Para a coleta de dados foram usados o Formulário de Identificação, a versão brasileira do Social Support Appraisals e o Questionário de Capacidades e Dificuldades. Resultados: A análise fatorial indicou uma estrutura com 5 fatores na qual se verificaram itens isolados no fator F5. Diante disso, os respectivos itens foram excluídos e as análises posteriores foram feitas considerando os 23 itens restantes. Quanto à consistência interna, o índice de alfa foi igual a 0,89 para a escala total. Foi encontrada validade divergente entre a versão brasileira do Social Support Appraisals e o Questionário de Capacidades e Dificuldades, mostrando-se parcialmente satisfatória. Considera-se que este estudo permite disponibilizar uma versão reduzida do instrumento para a utilização em pesquisas futuras, a fim de dar continuidade às investigações acerca do apoio social e associações com variáveis relacionadas ao desenvolvimento infantojuvenil.
O brincar de crianças com deficiência física: contribuição da terapia ocupacional
Authors: Figueiredo Brenda Antunes de , Souza Daniele Da Silva , Silva Ângela Cristina Dornelas da
Published: July 2016

O estudo objetivou investigar as contribuições da Terapia Ocupacional para a promoção do brincar de crianças com deficiência física a partir da perspectiva dos pais. A pesquisa, de abordagem qualitativa, foi desenvolvida no período de outubro a novembro de 2014. As informações foram coletadas por meio de entrevista com o pai ou mãe de crianças com deficiência física. Por meio da análise de conteúdo observou-se que os pais passaram a valorizar o brincar no cotidiano das crianças após as orientações dos terapeutas ocupacionais, reconhecendo a sua importância para o desenvolvimento e evolução do tratamento da criança. Os pais perceberam que a Terapia Ocupacional criou possibilidades para o brincar da criança em casa e que isto contribuiu para uma maior interação familiar. Os resultados sugerem que mesmo quando os terapeutas orientam o brincar com objetivo de melhorar habilidades das crianças, eles contribuem para que esta ocupação faça parte do cotidiano familiar, possibilitando uma maior interação entre os entes.
Adaptação transcultural e reprodutibilidade do Measure of the Quality of the Enviroment em indivíduos com hemiparesia
Authors: Faria-Fortini Iza De , Basílio Marluce Lopes , Assumpção Fernanda Sabine Nunes , Teixeira-Salmela Luci Fuscaldi
Published: July 2016

A funcionalidade sofre a influência de aspectos relacionados à condição de saúde, bem como de fatores ambientais. Dentre os questionários que mensuram o impacto de fatores ambientais na funcionalidade, o Measure of the Quality of the Environment (MQE) é comumente utilizado. O objetivo deste estudo foi adaptar transculturalmente o MQE para o português-Brasil e avaliar sua reprodutibilidade. Após adaptação transcultural, o MQE foi aplicado em 28 indivíduos pós-AVE, duas vezes, com intervalo de sete a 10 dias. Foram calculados os coeficientes Kappa ponderado e de correlação intraclasse (CCI) para avaliação da confiabilidade teste-reteste. Os limites de concordância foram verificados por meio do gráfico Bland-Altman. Foram também calculados o erro padrão de medida (EPM) e a diferença mínima detectável (DMD). Os resultados mostraram que 81% dos itens apresentaram confiabilidade moderada a quase perfeita, e que os escores totais de facilitador e barreira apresentaram alta confiabilidade (ICC>0,71). Não foram observados erros sistemáticos entre o teste e o reteste e os valores EPM foram aceitáveis, sendo possível detectar mudança real da percepção dos fatores ambientais ao longo do tempo. O MQE-Brasil apresentou potencial para utilização na prática clínica e em pesquisas científicas.
Inter-relações entre o desempenho no processo de aprendizagem escolar e o desenvolvimento das capacidades motoras: revisão da literatura
Authors: Tavares Alessandra Antunes , Cardoso Ana Amélia
Published: July 2016

Esta revisão da literatura teve como objetivo identificar as principais relações existentes entre as dificuldades de aprendizagem (DA) e déficits no desenvolvimento motor, assim como analisar os principais déficits motores associados a tal condição. Realizou-se busca eletrônica nas principais bases de dados (Lilacs, Medline/ Pubmed, Bireme, Portal Capes, SciELO), com artigos publicados entre 2006 e 2014, cuja amostra contemplasse crianças em idade escolar, matriculadas na rede de ensino, com histórico de baixo desempenho escolar. Os artigos apontaram evidências da relação entre as DA e os impactos no desenvolvimento motor, visto que crianças com DA geralmente apresentam pobres habilidades motoras em comparação com seus pares com desenvolvimento típico. Conclui-se a necessidade de avaliar não somente as dificuldades específicas e funções neurológicas ligadas à aprendizagem, mas também os aspectos motores envolvidos no desenvolvimento da criança em idade escolar. Tais percepções são eficazes na elaboração de planos de intervenção preventivos/reabilitadores, reduzindo os impactos de tais dificuldades no processo de aprendizagem, auxiliando assim no melhor desempenho escolar.