bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Synthesis and In Silico Study of Silver Nanoparticles Composite with Novel Schiff Base
Authors: Alheety Nuaman F. , Yassin Hanan Altaif , Karakosh Ahmed J. , Aldahham Bilal J. M. , Ali Samer H. , Ahmed Khalid Dfeek , Dylan Bilal A. , Nuaman Huda A. , Alheety Mustafa A.
Published: February 2025

The study includes preparations of compound N1 (hydrazinecarbothiohydrazide) that is yielded from reacting carbon disulfide with 80% aqueous hydrazine. The resulting compound is used to prepare N2 (MBHCH) by the treatment of N1 with compound 4‐(methylthio)benzaldehyde. The newly prepared compound is Schiff base (N2). Furthermore, silver nanoparticles (N3) are prepared by the reaction of silver nitrate with aqueous extract of Stachys arabica leaves (reducing agent). Reacting of silver nanoparticles with compound N2 gave the compound N4. The prepared compounds are characterized using various techniques FT‐IR, 1H‐NMR, XRD and TEM. Moreover, the DFT, ADMET, and molecular docking are examined for the organic molecules. The results prove that the docking scores are −7.40, −5.83, and −5.98 against tyrosyl‐tRNA synthetase (S. aureus), peptidoglycan glycosyltransferase (E. coli), and AcrAB‐TolC efflux pump (E. coli).
Micro‐Determination of the Macro‐Drugs (Pseudoephedrine Hydrochloride‐Ibuprofen) in their Pure Form and Pharmaceutical Preparations
Authors: Jabouri Asmaa Saeed , Attia Khalf Fares
Published: February 2025

Micro‐drug estimation is performed on pseudoephedrine hydrochloride and ibuprofen macromolecules. The third‐order spectrum derivation technique revealed a linearity range of 20–50 µg/mL for both ibuprofen (Ibu) and pseudoephedrine (Psed). A uniform scaling factor of 10 is applied across all drugs. The limits of detection (LOD%) ranged from 0.12366 to 4.73181, and the limits of quantification (LOQ%) ranged from 0.370454 to 14.3388. The relative standard deviation (RSD%) values varied from 0.002779 to 0.020325, while the recovery (Rec%) values ranged between 96.8 and 100.734. Specifically, for ibuprofen and pseudoephedrine, the LOD% values are between 0.370454 and 14.3388, the RSD% values ranged from 0.005413 to 6.8824, and the Rec% values are observed within the range of 97.4719 to 104.487.
Anti‐Electromagnetic Radiation of Carbon Nanotubes Decorated PbO: Synthesis and Characterization
Authors: Askar Fatima Haider , Al‐Sumaidaie Ghazwan Hassan Abdel Wahab , Al‐Saadi Hoda Ali
Published: February 2025

In this study, carbon nanotubes are functionalized with lead salt to prepare a nanocomposite of carbon nanotubes with lead oxide via a heat treatment process at 900 °C. The composite is characterized using infrared spectroscopy, atomic force microscopy, scanning electron microscopy, and X‐ray diffraction. The results confirmed the presence of carbon nanotubes coated with lead oxide, indicating the success of the preparation method. The prepared composite is used in gamma ray shielding applications using brain membrane as a carrier surface for the carbon nanotube–lead oxide composite. The results showed that the composite is capable of blocking approximately 44% of the radiation using a quarter gram of carbon nanotubes doped with 0.0125 grams of lead oxide.
METTL1 Enhances RRP9 mRNA Stability Through m7G Modification to Drive Colorectal Tumorigenesis
Authors: Li Nan , Jing Ying , Xu Long , Wang Maonan
Published: February 2025

METTL1, a well‐established RNA methyltransferase for the N(7)‐methylguanosine (m7G) methylation modification, is responsible for human tumorigenesis. Here, we aimed to examine the activity and molecular determinants of METTL1 in colorectal cancer (CRC) development. METTL1 and ribosomal RNA processing 9 (RRP9) mRNA analysis was performed by quantitative PCR. Protein expression was detected by immunoblotting and immunohistochemistry (IHC). Cell sphere formation, invasion, and proliferation were assessed by sphere formation, transwell, and MTT assays, respectively. Cell migration was tested by transwell and wound healing assays. Subcutaneous xenografts were produced to analyze the role in vivo. The influence of METTL1 in m7G methylation and stability of RRP9 mRNA was evaluated by methylated immunoprecipitation (MeRIP) assay and Actinomycin D (Act D) treatment, respectively. METTL1 was highly expressed in CRC tumors and cell lines. METTL1 depletion suppressed CRC cell proliferation, invasiveness, migratory ability, and sphere formation potential in vitro, while increased METTL1 expression had opposite effects. METTL1 positively correlated with RRP9 expression in CRC. Mechanistically, METTL1 promoted RRP9 mRNA stability by mediating its m7G methylation, and METTL1 regulated the PI3K/AKT signaling by RRP9. Increased RRP9 expression partially reversed the suppressive effects of METTL1 depletion on CRC cell phenotypes in vitro. METTL1 depletion impeded the growth of HCT‐116 subcutaneous xenografts in vivo by RRP9. Our observations identified METTL1 as a crucial protumorigenic factor to drive growth, metastasis, and stemness of CRC cells through RRP9, offering new targets for combating CRC.
Cross‐Cultural Adaption and Psychometric Evaluation of Chinese Version of the Caregiver Contribution to Self‐Care of Heart Failure Index
Authors: Miao Yanfei , Zhang Qing , Huang Hongmin , She Fei , Wang Bingjian , Mao Yiping
Published: February 2025

To translate and adapt the English version of the Caregiver Contributions to Self‐Care of Heart Failure Index (CC‐SCHFI) to Chinese, and further to investigate the psychometric properties of the Chinese version of CC‐SCHFI in a cohort of caregivers of people with heart failure. CC‐SCHFI translation and cross‐cultural adaption were performed. 240 caregivers were recruited to complete the instrument. The internal construct reliability was evaluated by Cronbach's α and item‐to‐total correlations. The concurrent validity was tested by using the CACHS which also measures caregivers' contribution to HF self‐care. Psychometric analysis was performed with confirmatory factor analysis (CFA). We evaluated 4‐factor structure for caregiver contribution to self‐care maintenance scale, 1‐factor structure for caregiver contribution to self‐care management scale and 2‐factor structure for confidence in contributing to self‐care scale. All the subjects successfully completed the interviews in an average of 12.3 ± 3.2 min. The internal consistency reliability analysis of the CC‐SCHFI showed Cronbach α of 0.83. All items showed adequate discrimination, with the item‐total correlation coefficient of greater than 0.4. The scores of CC‐SCHFI scales were significantly correlated with the CACHS scale scores. The correlation coefficients ranged from 0.341 to 0.765, indicating acceptable concurrent validity. For CFA, all factor loadings were significant at > 0.30 and generally medium to high. The simplified Chinese version of CC‐SCHFI is a psychometrically reliable instrument with empirically supported validity, which can be applied to clinical evaluation of the contribution of caregivers to HF self‐care. Compared with CACHS, CC‐SCHFI can be more easily completed and simultaneously maintains acceptable concurrent validity. Further studies are warranted to investigate the combined use of these two instruments among other populations.
Molecularly Imprinted Nanoparticle‐Embedded Electrospun Mat as an Antibacterial Wound Dressing
Authors: Çerçi Azize , Akgün Oğuzhan , Karaca Esra , Bakhshpour‐Yücel Monireh , Arı Ferda , Yiğit Çınar Aycan , Bozkurt Güzel Çağla , Osman Bilgen
Published: February 2025

Molecularly imprinted polymer (MIP) nanoparticles offer a promising controlled drug delivery platform. In this study, amoxicillin (AMOX)‐imprinted polymer nanoparticles (~60 nm) were synthesized via emulsion polymerization and incorporated into polyvinyl alcohol (PVA)/sodium alginate (SA) [PVS] electrospun nanofibers to develop a novel wound dressing. The nanoparticle‐embedded PVS nanofibers (PVS‐AMOX‐MIP) demonstrated a sustained cumulative drug release of 43.6% over 2 days, governed by non‐Fickian transport per the Korsmeyer–Peppas kinetic model. The nanofibers exhibited favorable physical properties, including a high specific surface area (39.66 m2/g), optimal porosity (78.8%), and a water vapor transmission rate (1053.4 ± 5.9 g/m2/day), ideal for wound healing. Antibacterial activity studies showed significant inhibition against Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli, while biocompatibility assays confirmed the mat's noncytotoxic nature and ability to promote cell proliferation. Furthermore, angiogenesis studies revealed enhanced vascularization, which is critical for tissue regeneration. The developed strategy offers a unique approach for advanced wound care and controlled drug delivery applications by combining MIP nanoparticles' molecular recognition capability with the structural advantages of electrospun nanofibers.
Exploring the Antifungal and Phytotoxic Activity of Polyvinyl Alcohol Hydrogels Incorporated With Essential Oils
Authors: de Castro Dione Pereira , dos Santos Carlos Diego Ribeiro , Sant'Ana Josué , Jacques Rosângela Assis , dos Santos Polidoro Allan , da Silva Silvia Helena Fuentes , Gatto Darci Alberto , Santana Ruth Marlene Campomanes
Published: February 2025

Agriculture is an important sector of the economy but consumes significant amounts of water, a precious and limited natural resource. However, superabsorbent polymers combined with essential oils (EO) can be used to obtain sustained release of nutrients and improved soil water retention capacity by hydrogel, and they act as a repellence in the crops of the natural farm crop enemies. Were synthesized, poly(vinyl alcohol) (PVOH) hydrogels, with crosslinked organics acids (malic and tartaric) and EO incorporated (clove, orange, and vanilla), is a novel method to develop release control of compounds with specific applications and show their potential agricultural and aphicide applications. The results show the incorporation of EO in the PVOH hydrogels, using a sonication process seen in the FTIR and optical microscopy analysis, obtaining good performance compared to traditional surfactants. In the olfactometer bioassay, the hydrogels show a repellent effect on Myzus persicae, under the synthesis time and EO specifically used, with a promising result for tartaric acid‐based hydrogels composed of Citrus chemical compounds except vanilla EO. To reduce germination and ecotoxicity, hydrogels decrease the germination and growth of plants, especially vanilla EO, showing inhibitory effects on onion and lettuce. All EO inhibited the mycelial growth of Aspergillus fumigatus, especially the samples with 2 h of the reaction. The hydrogels incorporated with clove, orange, and vanilla EO could be a promising alternative to natural agents to repel crop enemies' and provide antimicrobial and antifungal activity in agricultural systems.
Brush‐like nanostructured graphene oxide‐enabled interface engineering for enhancing mechanical properties of glass fiber/epoxy laminated composites
Authors: Zha Daoxin , Liu Yixiu , Han Luyao , Fang Chaoliang , Wu Qin , Jiang Xiaobin , Yu Congcong , Yu Manman , Zeng Shaohua , Chen Pengpeng
Published: February 2025

Graphene oxide (GO) is preferred for addressing the issue of interfacial debonding in fiber‐reinforced composites. Herein, a brush‐like nanostructured GO was fabricated by grafting aliphatic diamine onto the basal plane of GO nanosheets through an amine‐epoxy ring‐opening reaction, and this brush‐like nanostructured GO was subsequently coated on the surface of glass fibers. The unique brush‐like nanostructure and the appropriate size of the functionalized GO nanosheets offer both steric hindrance and electrostatic repulsion, thereby achieving the well‐dispersed GO on the fiber surface. Due to the synergistic effects of physical and chemical interactions, the composites' interfacial adhesion between fiber and matrix could be prominently enhanced. When 1,8‐octanediamine‐functionalized GO with a suitable size of 1.0–5.0 μm was incorporated, both mechanical properties and thermal stability of laminated composites were at their best, compared with pure composite. This study provides an efficient interface engineering method for the production of high‐performance fiber reinforced composites.

Highlights

A brush‐like nanostructure consisting of GO and aliphatic diamine is gained.

Well‐dispersed GO on the fiber surface is achieved.

Synergistic effect of physical and chemical interactions reinforces interface.

Functionalized GO with a suitable size (1.0–5.0 μm) helps reinforce interface.

Suitable GO restricts epoxy chains' mobility in glassy and rubbery regions.
Path‐following roller compaction for enhanced mechanical strength of short carbon fiber reinforced nylon in 3D printing
Authors: Chen Yiwen , Dai Ning , Bai Qingyun , Xiong Dajiang , Zuo Yuanzheng , Cheng Xiaosheng
Published: February 2025

Material extrusion 3D printing often suffers from voids and poor interlayer bonding, which significantly weaken the mechanical properties of the printed parts. To address these issues, this paper proposes a path‐following roller compaction method aimed at reducing voids and improving interlayer bonding in short carbon fiber reinforced nylon parts. A mathematical model is developed to explain how roller compaction enhances interlayer bonding strength and reduces porosity, with quantifiable improvements. A dual‐roller system is designed to dynamically adjust to varying printing paths, ensuring effective layer compaction and compensating for layer height changes induced by roller pressure. Tensile and three‐point bending tests were performed to evaluate the impact of roller compaction depth on mechanical properties. Results show that maximum tensile strength improved by 141.2%, tensile modulus by 82.8%, bending strength by 62.4%, and bending modulus by 97.6%. This innovative method provides a significant enhancement in the performance and reliability of large‐scale, high‐performance rapid 3D printing applications.

Highlights

Establish a porosity suppression model based on roller compaction.

Propose a nonlinear path‐following roller compaction method.

The mechanical properties of the structure were significantly improved after roller compaction.
Impact resistance and damage tolerance of resin‐infused thermoplastic noncrimp e‐glass fabric composites under marine environment
Authors: Hussnain S. M. , Shah S. Z. H. , Megat‐Yusoff P. S. M. , Hussain M. Z.
Published: February 2025

This article presents the effect of seawater aging on the impact response and damage tolerance of resin‐infused thermoplastic fiber‐reinforced composites (FRCs). The thermoplastic composites were immersed in seawater at two different aging conditions (i.e., 35 and 70°C) until their saturation state. The aged and unaged samples were tested under low‐velocity impact (LVI) at three impact energies (30, 60, and 90 J), followed by the compression after impact (CAI) test to evaluate the degradation in the damage tolerance. The LVI test revealed that increasing the moisture content, the peak force and displacement increased up to 28% and 31%, respectively, indicating higher load‐bearing capacity of thermoplastic composites under aged conditions. This increase in peak force and displacement of FRCs is attributed to the plasticization effect in the thermoplastic matrix due to the hygrothermal environment. Furthermore, the unaged samples showed barely visible impact damage at lower impact energy, while under aged conditions, fiber–matrix interface debonding, fiber breakage, and fiber pullout are the prominent failure mechanisms. The CAI response of thermoplastic composites exhibits up to 45% increase in compressive strength with increasing moisture content. This increase in damage tolerance is attributed to matrix plasticization and swelling caused by hygrothermal aging. The superior impact performance and damage tolerance of thermoplastic composites in hygrothermal conditions indicate their suitability for applications requiring higher bearing strength.

Highlights

Effect of accelerated aging on impact resistance and damage tolerance of FRC.

An increase in moisture content leads to an increase in peak force up to 28%.

Hygrothermal aging increases the CAI strength by up to 45%.

Plasticization and matrix swelling are dominant damage modes in NCF composite.
A point mutation in IAA34 confers resistance to the auxin herbicide 2,4‐D in Sisymbrium orientale
Authors: Qi Yuanlin , Krishnan Mahima , Tucker Matthew , Preston Christopher
Published: February 2025

BACKGROUND

Sisymbrium orientale has evolved resistance to 2,4‐D in Australia due to a 27 bp deletion in SoIAA2. However, one population of Sisymbrium orientale resistant to 2,4‐D (R1) did not contain the SoIAA2Δ27, suggesting another 2,4‐D resistance mechanism was present in this population. Here, we reported a novel target‐site resistance mechanism of 2,4‐D in the R1 population.

RESULTS

R1 is resistant to 2,4‐D, 2‐methyl‐4‐chlorophenoxyacetic acid (MCPA), and fluroxypyr with increased tolerance to dicamba, triclopyr and picloram. The 2,4‐D resistance level for R1 is lower than resistant populations containing a 27 bp deletion in IAA2. 2,4‐D resistance in R1 was due to a single dominant gene. Pretreatment of R1 with the P450 inhibitor malathion did not reduce resistance to 2,4‐D. We identified a point mutation, Leu 175 Pro, in SoIAA34 in R1, but not in three susceptible (S) populations. This mutation was present (either homozygous or heterozygous) in all 2,4‐D resistant plants in a segregating F2 population generated from a cross between S and R1 plants. Transgenic Arabidopsis plants expressing SoIAA34‐R had significantly greater root length and dry mass than the wild‐type (WT) or transgenic Arabidopsis plants carrying SoIAA34‐S under 2,4‐D treatment.

CONCLUSION

We confirmed resistance to 2,4‐D in the R1 population was controlled by a single dominant locus. Further, we verified that the Leu 175 Pro mutation in SoIAA34 is responsible for the 2,4‐D resistance in R1. © 2025 The Author(s). Pest Management Science published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd on behalf of Society of Chemical Industry.
Glowing Indicators: Nighttime Luminosity as a Tool for Assessing SDG‐8 Progress in Emerging Economies
Authors: Zhou Jingnan , Ain Qurat ul , Yousaf Tahir , Zhong Kaiyang
Published: February 2025

Tracking the economic development of local governments in emerging economies is difficult with conventional data. This paper shows that the nighttime luminosity lights can be used as a reliable proxy for economic growth at the county level. To access this, the research employs the time‐varying difference‐in‐difference technique, utilizing a longitudinal data set at the county level to scrutinize the incentive effects of this Province Managing County (PMC) reform on economic growth using nighttime luminosity lights. The analysis reveals that the local fiscal incentives introduced by this reform and achieved through alleviating fiscal stress and providing expenditure autonomy significantly impact economic growth activity and influence local government policy decisions. The outcomes manifest more conspicuously in regions with dense nighttime luminosity and those characterized by more market‐driven efficiencies and industrial upgradation. Additionally, the reform encourages counties to adopt a more proactive fiscal policy characterized by increased capital expenditure to promote economic growth while reducing expenditures on public service provisions. These findings support positing that a flattened hierarchical structure ameliorates delays in fiscal matters and facilitates communication across various levels of government in the context of improved marketization and upgraded industrial upgradation.
Double‐Phase Ga‐Doped In2O3 Nanospheres and Their Self‐Assembled Monolayer Film for Ultrasensitive HCHO MEMS Gas Sensors
Authors: Zhang Yanlin , Zhang Changming , Zhang Zheng , Zong Huakang , Tan Pengwei , Luo Liyang , Luo Yuanyuan , Duan Guotao
Published: February 2025

In the sensing field, the electronic structure of sensing materials has a great influence on the properties of the sensors. Here, by Ga doping pure rhombohedral In2O3 (h‐In2O3), the double‐phase In2O3 (cubic/rhombohedral In2O3, c/h‐In2O3) porous nanospheres are obtained. And then Micro Electromechanical System (MEMS) gas sensors based on monolayer film are further fabricated by self‐assembling the above nanospheres. The 5% Ga‐doped In2O3 sensors exhibit excellent HCHO sensing performance with a high‐response (110.6@100 ppm), rapid response/recovery time (5.2/18.4 s) and low limit of detection (50 ppb) at an operating temperature of 180 °C. The 5% Ga‐doped In2O3 sensors also show high consistency (fluctuations of only 8.3%). Besides, a handheld device is developed to enable real‐time monitoring and early warning of indoor HCHO at ppb‐level. Based on experimental results and DFT theoretical calculation, the enhanced sensing mechanism is revealed, which is correlated with the optimization of electronic band structure by Ga doping and the appearance of double‐phase heterostructures caused by Ga doping. Therefore, the relationship between electronic structure and gas sensing properties has also been established. This work significantly introduces a novel approach for the mass production of MEMS gas sensors, ensuring high sensitivity, repeatability and consistency.
Dual‐Functional Benzotrithiophene‐Based Covalent Organic Frameworks for Photocatalytic Detoxification of Mustard Gas Simulants and Antibacterial Defense
Authors: Zhu Yongchao , Qin Liyang , Yang Mingyuan , Shi Zhicheng , Chen Hongxuan , Wen Na , Wang Ying , Long Jinlin , Han Shitong , Zhu Mu , Xi Hailing
Published: February 2025

The persistent threats posed by toxic chemical warfare agents (CWAs) such as mustard gas (bis(2‐chloroethyl) sulfide, HD) and bacterial contaminants demand the development of innovative, sustainable mitigation strategies. Photocatalytic processes that generate reactive oxygen species (ROS) offer a promising dual‐functional approach for both chemical detoxification and antibacterial defense. In this study, two structurally analogous covalent organic frameworks (COFs), BPY‐COF and BD‐COF, are synthesized using benzotrithiophene as the donor unit paired with bipyridine and biphenyl, respectively. These COFs exhibit high crystallinity, broad‐spectrum light absorption, and efficient charge carrier transport, with BPY‐COF demonstrating superior performance due to the incorporation of heteroatoms. BPY‐COF achieved ultrafast detoxification of the mustard gas simulant 2‐chloroethyl ethyl sulfide (CEES) with a half‐life of 35 min and 100% selectivity for 2‐chloroethyl sulfoxide (CEESO) under white LED light, outperforming BD‐COF. Additionally, electrospun composite fibers containing 40 wt.% BPY‐COF maintained comparable CEES degradation rates and exhibited over 99% antibacterial efficiency against Escherichia coli and Bacillus subtilis within 60 min. These findings highlight the potential of BPY‐COF as a multifunctional photocatalyst for integrated applications in chemical detoxification and antibacterial defense, addressing critical challenges in public health and safety.
A mitochondria‐targeted aggregation‐induced emission photosensitizer for eradication Candida bioﬁlms and treating oral ulcer
Authors: Liu Kun‐Mei , Wang Yun , Xia Feng‐Wei , Feng Shun , Yu Xiao‐Qi , Wu Ming‐Yu
Published: February 2025

With increasing drug resistance, Candida infections have posed serious threats to public health. Photodynamic therapy harnesses light to destroy pathomycete, providing a smart strategy for combating of Candida infections. However, due to lack of organelle targeting ability and bad extracellular polymeric substances penetrability, current photosensitizers (PSs) are far from desirable to clean biofilms and fight against drug resistance. Herein, a mitochondrion targeting aggregation‐induced emission PS, LIQ‐TPA‐TZ, was developed for the efficient photodynamic treatment of oral Candida infection. LIQ‐TPA‐TZ has good singlet oxygen and hydroxyl radical generation ability, which can efficiently kill the Candida guilliermondii (C. guilliermondii) and eradicate the biofilm. It not only causes mitochondrial damage by disruption of mitochondrial respiratory chain and oxidative stress‐related gene but also inhibits fungal adhesion and filamentous growth to prevent Candida colonization, mycelia growth and biofilm formation, which is favorable for eliminating the potential drug resistance. In the mouse oropharyngeal Candida biofilm infection model, LIQ‐TPA‐TZ significantly eliminates infection, alleviates inflammation, and accelerates mucosal defect healing. This study provides a favorable strategy for confronting drug resistance, which may be a potential Candidate for the treatment of Candida infection.
Incremental yield of exome sequencing over standard prenatal testing in structurally normal fetuses: systematic review and meta‐analysis
Authors: Sotiriadis A. , Demertzidou E. , Ververi A. , Tsakmaki E. , Chatzakis C. , Mone F.
Published: February 2025

Objective

To critically review the literature and synthesize evidence on the incremental yield of prenatal exome sequencing (PES) in fetuses with an apparently normal phenotype with a normal G‐banded karyotype or chromosomal microarray (CMA).

Methods

This systematic review and meta‐analysis was conducted using a predetermined protocol and registered with PROSPERO (ID: CRD42024593349). We included observational cohort studies reporting on the incremental yield of PES in fetuses with an apparently normal phenotype and a previously normal G‐banded karyotype/CMA. The risk of bias of the included studies was assessed using the Newcastle–Ottawa Scale. The pooled proportion of events was calculated using generalized linear mixed models, using the metaprop function in R version 2.15.1.

Results

Four studies (1916 fetuses) were included in this systematic review and meta‐analysis, of which 32 cases had a pathogenic or likely pathogenic variant. The pooled incremental yield of PES in fetuses with an apparently normal phenotype was 1.6% (95% CI, 1.0–2.6%); the majority of variants were de novo within genes associated with autosomal dominant inherited conditions (pooled incremental yield, 0.9% (95% CI, 0.5–1.7%)). Based on the expected severity of the associated disease, the pooled incremental yield was 0.5% (95% CI, 0.1–1.5%) for severe disease and 0.5% (95% CI, 0.2–1.5%) for moderate disease. There were insufficient data to conduct the predefined secondary analyses according to normality of phenotype at birth, variants of uncertain significance and expected age of disease onset.

Conclusion

Pooling data from four studies, we found that 1.6% of phenotypically normal fetuses with a normal G‐banded karyotype or CMA may have a pathogenic or likely pathogenic variant identified on PES, most of which occur de novo. The likelihood of a variant being associated with severe disease in such fetuses is 0.5%. However, more research is needed regarding the development of a universal classification of disease severity and the utilization of this evidence in clinical practice. © 2025 The Author(s). Ultrasound in Obstetrics & Gynecology published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd on behalf of International Society of Ultrasound in Obstetrics and Gynecology.
ICT‐Driven Data Mining Analysis in Civil Engineering: A Scientometric Review
Authors: Sood Kashvi
Published: February 2025

In the contemporary landscape, the remarkable evolution of civil engineering is being driven by the pervasive integration of Information and Communication Technology (ICT). ICT‐driven innovations are playing a crucial role in advancing sustainable development goals by promoting energy efficiency, minimizing resource consumption, and fostering resilient infrastructure. Solutions such as smart grids, intelligent transportation systems, and sustainable urban planning are integral to this progress to address global challenges. The goal of the current study is to conduct a scientometric analysis of scholarly literature published in the recent decade within the domain of ICT‐assisted civil engineering. To achieve this, the study categorizes the civil engineering field into seven major subfields. It includes structural engineering, geotechnical engineering, transportation engineering, water resources engineering, environmental engineering, construction management, and urban planning and design. Employing CiteSpace as the analytical tool, the research offers insights into the intellectual foundations of the civil engineering. This is accomplished through reference co‐citation analysis, cluster analysis, and burst reference analysis. The results demonstrate the adoption of advanced technologies such as Internet of Things (IoT), Machine Learning (ML), Extreme Gradient Boosting (XGBoost), and artificial neural networks in resolving complex civil engineering challenges that reflect the dynamism and diversity of the field. Moreover, it addresses current research challenges within this knowledge domain and explores potential research prospects. The findings emphasize the importance of collaborative efforts among academia, industry stakeholders, and government entities.
Challenges in Current Research on Immigrant Health: Insights from Spain
Authors: Stanek Mikolaj , Juárez Sol P. , Requena Miguel
Published: February 2025

The intricate relationship between immigration and health, a complex and multidimensional phenomenon, presents challenges for both receiving and sending countries of immigrants. Given the complex mechanisms involved, understanding and assessing the factors associated with disparities in immigrants’ health is a theoretical, methodological, and empirical challenge. Acknowledging and systematically understanding this phenomenon is crucial for the social cohesion of increasingly diverse countries. This introductory chapter reflects on the multifaceted nature of immigrant health, a theme that subsequent chapters in the book delve into from a more empirical perspective. This chapter first identifies current challenges in studies on immigrant health, offering reflections on these challenges’ effects on contemporary societies. Secondly, it provides an overview of immigration to Spain in recent decades, shedding light on the associated challenges in health policy management. Following this, the conceptual frameworks that guide most of the studies included in this book are presented. Special attention is given to the perspective of the healthy immigrant, discussing their ability to describe and explain phenomena related to immigrant health, along with the recognition of its limitations. The chapter concludes by presenting the main objectives of the book.
Immigrant Health in Spain: Lessons for Public Interventions and Future Research
Authors: Stanek Mikolaj , Juárez Sol P. , Requena Miguel
Published: February 2025

In this concluding chapter, we outline key lessons for both public interventions and future research that emerge from the comprehensive exploration of immigrant health throughout this book. The discussion of lessons for public interventions underscores the importance of recognizing that immigrants are not a burden on the healthcare system. Furthermore, the need to safeguard rights without taking them for granted and the imperative of moving beyond universal access to health as a standalone solution are highlighted. When outlining lessons for future research, the chapter emphasizes the importance of adopting a context-sensitive approach. A call for a multidisciplinary perspective to be the future of immigrant health research is made, acknowledging the ongoing challenges associated with developing new theoretical frameworks. The underexploited life course perspective is identified as a crucial avenue for future exploration, accompanied by a resounding plea for more and better data to foster a better understanding of immigrant health.
Caught Up in a Broader Struggle: Expansions and Restrictions of Migrants’ Healthcare Entitlements in the Spanish Decentralised System
Authors: Perna Roberta , Moreno Fuentes Francisco Javier
Published: February 2025

Policies regulating immigrants’ entitlement to public healthcare have increasingly become a sensitive issue in the public and political debate across Europe. The politicisation of healthcare access builds on anti-immigrant feelings and simultaneously fuels them, while contributing to delegitimise the role of the state in the provision of healthcare to the whole population through universalistic schemes. This chapter provides an in-depth qualitative analysis of the policies and policymaking process regulating immigrants’ healthcare access in Spain, which has variously been extended and restricted over time, thus making the case particularly appropriate to analyse policy reforms on, and the politicisation of, the health–migration nexus. As the findings suggest, these policy changes were embedded in a broader political and institutional struggle for the definition of the basic entitlement logic of the Spanish Healthcare System.
Immigrant Healthcare Use in the Spanish Region of Aragon: What Can We Learn?
Authors: Gimeno-Feliu Luis Andrés , Moreno-Juste Aída
Published: February 2025

Ensuring that immigrants receive adequate healthcare is essential when addressing health inequalities in society. The objective of this chapter is to analyze immigrants’ use of the healthcare system compared with natives of the Spanish region of Aragon, who have been shown to be representative of the Spanish population in terms of age, gender, and immigration status. In addition, the Aragon Health Service is part of the Spanish National Health System, which is based on the principles of universality, equity, free access, and financing fairness, and is mainly funded by taxes. This is a retrospective observational study of the EpiChron Cohort in 2014 in Aragon, Spain. We developed a descriptive analysis of the use of different levels of care and prescription drugs. The incidence rate ratios for healthcare system use were also calculated. Immigrants’ global use of healthcare services and prescription drugs was significantly lower than that of Spanish-born. Even when considering differences in age, gender, and morbidity, immigrants showed a lower use of healthcare services than Spanish-born, except for emergency room services and unplanned admissions. Immigrants living in urban areas used the healthcare system less frequently than natives, except for emergency room services. In turn, they used healthcare services less in rural areas than in urban areas. With few exceptions, nonprimary care users did not have more emergency room visits or unplanned hospital admissions than primary healthcare users. These differences may be partly explained by the healthy migrant effect, but other factors should also be considered. Designing health policies that take these factors into account could improve access to the healthcare system and offer truly universal healthcare coverage.
Parents’ perception of adolescents’ difficulties and impact of problems in different castes and ethnic groups in Nepal. Do they converge with the frequencies of symptoms reported on the child behavior checklist (CBCL)?
Authors: Adhikari Sirjana , Ma Jasmine , Shakya Suraj , Brøndbo Per Håkan , Handegård Bjørn Helge , Javo Anne Cecilie
Published: February 2025

Background

Parents’ perceptions of their children’s behavior are culturally determined and may differ across cultures. The present study aimed to investigate parents’ perceptions of adolescents’ difficulties and the impact of problems in different cultural contexts in Nepal, and to explore the extent to which they align with child symptoms measured on a problem rating scale.

Methods

This study was conducted with parents of school-going adolescents in sixteen districts of Nepal. The Nepali version of the Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire (SDQ)—Impact Supplement was used to assess parents’ perception of difficulties and the impact of problems, and the Child Behavior Checklist/6-18 (CBCL) was used as a symptom rating scale. We employed a mixed model approach for data analysis to address the hierarchical structure of our data.

Results

Parents’ perceptions of difficulties and the impact of problems did not differ between the Hindu “high caste”, the Hindu “low caste” and the indigenous/ethnic minority group. In contrast, the effect of caste/ethnicity was significant for parent ratings on the CBCL Total Problems as the “low caste” parents reported higher mean scores than parents from the indigenous/ethnic minorities group. Parents’ perception of difficulties and the impact of problems were moderately associated with their reports on the CBCL Total Problems. There was no moderating effect of caste/ethnicity on any of these associations.

Conclusion

Although cross-cultural differences emerged in parents’ ratings of symptoms, no differences emerged in their perception of difficulties and the impact of problems. Moderate associations between the CBCL Total Problems and perceived difficulties and the impact of problems suggest that clinicians should consider using supplement measurements in their assessment of child behavior problems. However, further studies are required to confirm our findings.
Changes of spino-pelvic characteristics post-THA are independent of surgical approach: a prospective study
Authors: Wagner Moritz , Verhaegen Jeroen , Vorimore Camille , Innmann Moritz ,   Ottawa Arthroplasty Group, Grammatopoulos George
Published: February 2025

Aims

Spinopelvic characteristics change after THA. Whether this change varies between approaches, is of interest for pre-op cup orientation planning. The aims of this study were to (1) Characterize changes in standing PT amongst patients with hip osteoarthritis treated with THA; (2) Test whether certain patient-related factors may predict PT change; and (3) Assess the association between surgical approach and PT change.

Methods

This was a prospective, two-center, radiographic outcome study including 424 hips, consisting of anterior approach for 171 (40.3%) hips, lateral approach for 181 hips (42.7%) and posterior approach for 72 hips (17.0%). Spinopelvic characteristics were determined from lateral radiographs (before and one year after THA). Parameters of interest included: Pelvic tilt (PT), lumbar lordosis, sacral slope, pelvic incidence. PT change of more than 7 ° was considered clinically relevant.

Results

Pelvic tilt increased by 2 ° from 15.1 ° (± 8.9) to 17.1 ° (± 9.7) after THA (p < 0.001). 19 hips (4.5%) experienced a relevant PT decrease, 337 (79.5%) had no clinically significant change in pelvic tilt, and 68 (16.0%) showed a moderate increase. Age, female sex and preoperative spinopelvic parameters including PT, SS and PI were predictive of PT change more than 7 °. PT increased most with lateral approach (2.9 ± 6.2) and least with anterior approach (1.1 ± 6.2, p = 0.024).

Conclusion

Preoperative PT is the best predictor for PT change. PT is generally normalizing after THA and patients with low PT due to hip flexion contractures tend to increase PT after THA, few patients with high PT will decrease after THA. Anterior approach with capsulectomy was associated with the least change in PT post-THA. However, the approach-specific changes, although statistically significant, were too small to be considered during clinical practice, therefore no approach-specific prediction of PT change needs to be considered during preoperative planning for primary THA.
Spinous process resistance to different materials and looping techniques for interspinous lumbar vertebropexy
Authors: Widmer Jonas , Calek Anna-Katharina , Fasser Marie-Rosa , Suter Mauro , Allen Brian , Farshad Mazda
Published: February 2025

Purpose

Semi-rigid spinal stabilization has been explored as an alternative to spinal fusion, and early experience with spinal segment augementation (“vertebropexy”) is promising. The main technical challenge is to maintain the integrity of the spinous processes during loading. This study aimed to compare different looping materials and techniques with respect to their performance in maintaining spinous process integrity.

Methods

One hundred and five thoracolumbar vertebrae were tested with various looping materials and techniques; the “Tunnel-only” double-loop technique was tested with a synthetic tape (FiberTape®), bovine tendon, and a hybrid tape option. Additionally, the performance of the synthetic tape was tested for other augmentation techniques such as the “Figure-of-eight” looping technique, a double-loop combination of tunneling and cortical wrapping, and a double-loop with “Cortical wrapping only”. Biomechanical testing was performed by uniaxial caudo-cranial distraction to failure.

Results

The loads required to cause spinous process failure were lowest with the synthetic tape, followed by tendon and hybrid constructs by tendency (419 N vs. 487 N vs. 519 N) in the “Tunnel-only” double-loop technique. The comparison showed that the “Tunnel + cortical wrapping” technique required significantly higher forces to induce failure compared to other techniques, particularly the “Tunnel only” method (p < 0.001).

Conclusion

The choice of the looping technique and material in lumbar interspinous vertebropexy significantly affects the resistance of the spinous process to load. Techniques that incorporate cortical bone and use tendinous material demonstrate superior resistance to higher forces, compared to methods that involve passing synthetic tape through a hole solely within trabecular bone. Additionally, the role of trabecular bone density in the spinous process is relatively minor when cortical bone is utilized as an abutment for the loop.
Aufwind für Agroforstsysteme? Aktuelle Entwicklungen, Chancen und Hemmnisse
im europäischen und deutschen Recht*
Authors: Klimke Marina , Zengerling Cathrin
Published: February 2025

Agroforstsysteme gelten als eine nachhaltige Landnutzungsoption und sollen vermehrt (wieder) etabliert
werden. Trotz neuer förderrechtlicher Impulse hindert der aktuelle Rechtsrahmen den Ausbau von Agroforstsystemen.
Der Beitrag nimmt die jüngsten Änderungen im Agrarförderrecht zum Anlass für eine detaillierte
Bestandsaufnahme des komplexen Rechtsrahmens für Agroforstsysteme von der europäischen bis zur
Landesebene. Ziel des Beitrags ist es, eine Grundlage für die an den rechtlich und politisch verankerten
Zielen einer nachhaltigen Landnutzung ausgerichtete Weiterentwicklung des Rechtsrahmens zu schaffen.
The link between objective measures and subjective perceptions of extreme weather
Authors: Quoß Franziska
Published: February 2025

One potential driver of support for stricter climate policies is a shift in the political preferences of average citizens as they experience more frequent and severe extreme weather due to the accelerating impacts of climate change. However, research to date on the impact of personal experience of extreme weather on (political) attitudes has yielded mixed results. In this study, I argue that one reason for this inconclusiveness is that what average citizens perceive as “extreme weather” is not yet well understood. Combining individual-level Swiss survey data on subjective perceptions of extreme weather with fine-grained objective weather data, I show that, overall, there is only a very weak link between objective measures and subjective perceptions of extreme weather in Switzerland. This finding demonstrates that what laypeople perceive as extreme weather is not yet fully understood.
Digital Transformation as a Catalyst for Resilience in Stock Price Crisis: Evidence from A ‘New Quality Productivity’ Perspective
Authors: Chen Shunru , Alexiou Constantinos
Published: February 2025

This study explores the impact of digital transformation on stock price crash risk using Chinese A-share listed enterprises from 2011 to 2022. Leveraging the TF-IDF algorithm and deep learning models, it contextualizes digital transformation within China's “new quality productivity” framework, which prioritizes technological innovation over traditional productivity drivers. The findings reveal that digital transformation significantly reduces stock price crash risk, particularly in labor and capital-intensive sectors, by enhancing market transparency and decreasing information asymmetry. Furthermore, the integration of digital transformation with the “new quality productivity” framework amplifies this protective effect, with pronounced benefits for large firms and those covered by analysts or research reports. Conversely, smaller firms or those without such coverage experience a smaller impact. By demonstrating how advanced digital technologies bolster operational agility and investor confidence, this study highlights the critical role of digital transformation in fostering resilience and stabilizing stock prices during crises.
The SARAH trial: more evidence on the role of neurohormonal blockers in prevention of anthracycline-induced cardiotoxicity
Authors: Mecinaj Albulena , Vinje-Jakobsen Victoria , Ngo Doan T. M. , Sverdlov Aaron L. , Myhre Peder L.
Published: February 2025

This mini-review highlights the results of the SARAH trial, which evaluated the efficacy of sacubitril/valsartan in preventing subclinical cardiac dysfunction in patients undergoing anthracycline-based chemotherapy. The trial demonstrated a significant reduction in GLS decline in the treatment group compared to placebo. The findings are discussed in context with other trials investigating neurohormonal blockade for the prevention of cancer therapy-related cardiac dysfunction.
The reel deal? An experimental analysis of perception bias and AI film pitches
Authors: Crosby Paul , McKenzie Jordi
Published: February 2025

Artificial intelligence (AI) is creating significant disruption in many creative industries, including the film industry. With increase in levels of investment in sophisticated AI technologies, film studios can potentially replace, or at least reduce, traditional roles of film professionals. Not surprisingly, such moves have been met with vocal opposition from industry associations and labor unions. In the discourse of such debate, however, limited attention has been given to consumer acceptance of AI in filmmaking. This study provides the first evidence concerning potential perception biases in the context of AI film development, related to film ‘pitches.’ Using a randomized experiment of 500 participants, we find no discernible bias related to AI-generated synopses, inclusive of AI-generated director and casting decisions. Our results suggest that consumers may be accepting of, at least, limited involvement of AI in film development.
A Stitch in Time Saves Nine: Predicting Internet Addiction Levels of Preservice Teachers
Authors: Şan İsmail , Karsak H. Gülhan Orhan , Bonk Curtis J. , Karadeniz Derya
Published: February 2025

The present study aimed to explore the potential moderating effects of extracurricular study habits, internet usage duration, gender and emotion regulation skills on internet addiction of preservice teachers. The sample consisted of 492 preservice teachers (308 female) from 10 different institutions in Turkey, who voluntarily provided data. The findings revealed that emotion regulation skills, particularly reappraisal, interacted with daily internet usage time in predicting internet addiction. High levels of reappraisal emotion regulation were linked to lower levels of internet addiction, regardless of the duration of internet use. Conversely, for individuals with lower reappraisal abilities, a positive correlation emerged between internet usage time and internet addiction. Furthermore, extracurricular study habits significantly contributed to the prediction of internet addiction in a positive way, as evidenced by both regression and correlational analyses. These findings underscore the importance of considering emotion regulation alongside study habits and other physiological factors to better understand and address internet addiction in preservice teachers. The implications of the findings for educational policy and teacher education are discussed.