bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Normal anatomic reference of pastern and coffin joints in Egyptian buffalo (Bubalus bubalis): A compared atlas of cross‐sectional anatomy, magnetic resonance imaging and computed tomography
Authors: Abdel Maksoud Mohamed Kamal Merai
Published: January 2020

The purpose of this study was to describe normal magnetic resonance imaging and computed tomographic anatomy of pastern and coffin joints in Egyptian buffalo using cadaveric distal limbs. This study was achieved using twelve fresh cadaveric distal limbs from adult healthy buffaloes of both sexes. These cadaveric limbs were scanned using a 1 Tesla MRI scanner and CT scanner, injected with red latex, frozen at −20°C for 1 week, and then sectioned into sagittal, dorsal and transverse slices. The obtained MR and CT images were selected to be matched with their corresponding anatomical cross‐sections for identification and evaluation of the clinically correlated anatomical structures of the pastern and coffin joints. The difference in signal intensities on CT and MRI scans amongst the tissues allowed clear differentiation of major bone and soft tissue structures of the pastern and coffin joints. CT provided a high spatial resolution of bone and soft tissue structures, however, MRI allowed a better and higher resolution and definition between soft tissues. The current study provided a normal CT and MRI anatomic reference which could help veterinary clinicians for interpretation and diagnosis of the clinically affected pastern and coffin joints in buffalo.
Measuring movements in adolescents with psychosis using the Microsoft Kinect sensor: a pilot study exploring a new tool for assessing aspects of antipsychotic‐induced parkinsonism
Authors: Rudå Ditte , Einarsson Gudmundur , Matthiassen Jannik Boll , Correll Christoph U. , Jensen Karsten Gjessing , Klauber Dea Gowers , Richard Clara Josefine , Andersen Anne Sofie Schott , Krøigaard Sabrina , Møllegaard Jepsen Jens Richardt , Fagerlund Birgitte , Winge Kristian , Clemmesen Line K. H. , Pagsberg Anne Katrine , Paulsen Rasmus R. , Fink‐Jensen Anders
Published: January 2020

Background

The assessment of motor disturbances in antipsychotic‐treated adolescent patients is often limited to the use of observer‐based rating scales with interobserver variability. The objectives of this pilot study were to measure movement patterns associated with antipsychotic‐induced parkinsonism in young patients with psychosis and initiating/treated with antipsychotics, using a computer application connected with the Microsoft Kinect sensor (Motorgame).

Method

All participants were assessed by neurological examination, clinical side effect rating scales (Udvalg for Kliniske Undersøgelser Side Effect Rating Scale, Barnes Akathisia Rating Scale, Simpson Angus Scale (SAS), and Abnormal Involuntary Movement Scale), and the Motorgame. Furthermore, speed of information processing and motor speed with subtests from the Brief Assessment of Cognition in Schizophrenia test battery was assessed.

Results

We included 21 adolescents with first‐episode psychosis (62% treated with antipsychotics; males 38%; mean age 16 ± 1.4 years) and 69 healthy controls (males 36%; mean age 16 ± 1.5 years). Prolonged time of motor performance (TOMP) in the Motorgame was associated with higher SAS scores for arm dropping (p = .009). A consistent practice effect was detected (p < .001). We found no significant associations between TOMP and age, height, body weight, sex, antipsychotic dosage, or information processing speed.

Conclusions

We found an uncorrected significant association between prolonged TOMP and shoulder bradykinesia. The Motorgame was found useful in assessing parkinsonian symptoms in early‐onset psychosis and accepted by participants. Future studies of larger cohorts, including patients with high scores in clinical motor side effect scales, are required to establish solid validity of the novel test.
Reference points for predators will progress ecosystem‐based management of fisheries
Authors: Hill Simeon L. , Hinke Jefferson , Bertrand Sophie , Fritz Lowell , Furness Robert W. , Ianelli James N. , Murphy Matthew , Oliveros‐Ramos Ricardo , Pichegru Lorien , Sharp Rowland , Stillman Richard A. , Wright Peter J. , Ratcliffe Norman
Published: January 2020

Ecosystem‐based management of fisheries aims to allow sustainable use of fished stocks while keeping impacts upon ecosystems within safe ecological limits. Both the FAO Code of Conduct for Responsible Fisheries and the Aichi Biodiversity Targets promote these aims. We evaluate implementation of ecosystem‐based management in six case‐study fisheries in which potential indirect impacts upon bird or mammal predators of fished stocks are well publicized and well studied. In particular, we consider the components needed to enable management strategies to respond to information from predator monitoring. Although such information is available in all case‐studies, only one has a reference point defining safe ecological limits for predators and none has a method to adjust fishing activities in response to estimates of the state of the predator population. Reference points for predators have been developed outside the fisheries management context, but adoption by fisheries managers is hindered a lack of clarity about management objectives and uncertainty about how fishing affects predator dynamics. This also hinders the development of adjustment methods because these generally require information on the state of ecosystem variables relative to reference points. Nonetheless, most of the case‐studies include precautionary measures to limit impacts on predators. These measures are not used tactically and therefore risk excessive restrictions on sustainable use. Adoption of predator reference points to inform tactical adjustment of precautionary measures would be an appropriate next step towards ecosystem‐based management.
Degradation kinetics of anthocyanins from purple rice bran and effect of hydrocolloids on its stability
Authors: Das Amit B. , Goud Vaibhav V. , Das Chandan
Published: January 2020

The degradation kinetics of total anthocyanin, cyanidin‐3‐glucoside (C3G), and peonidin‐3‐glucoside (P3G) from purple rice bran were investigated in various pH and temperature conditions. The effect of hydrocolloids on the stability of anthocyanins was also determined. The degradation kinetics was studied in a pH range of 2–8 and temperatures ranging from 60 to 90°C. At pH 2, the total anthocyanin (2.21 × 10−4 min−1), C3G (1.44 × 10−4 min−1), and P3G (1.38 × 10−4 min−1) showed the lowest degradation rate. During thermal degradation, the lowest rate of degradation for total anthocyanin (3.46 × 10−4 min−1), C3G (1.75 × 10−4 min−1), and P3G (1.99 × 10−4 min−1) were observed at 60°C. The highest degradation rate of total anthocyanin, C3G, and P3G, was obtained at pH 6 and 90°C. The effect of carboxymethyl cellulose, xanthan gum, modified starch, and gum arabic on the stability of anthocyanin, C3G, and P3G was significant (p ≤ .05). The modified starch system showed the highest stability of anthocyanins and antioxidant activity in the aqueous medium. The degradation kinetics of anthocyanins in modified starch medium revealed a lower degradation rate than without a hydrocolloid sample.

Practical applications

Anthocyanins are easily affected by food processing factors, such as pH and thermal treatment. Thereby, the temperature range used in the present study is commonly used during food processing, namely, pasteurization, blanching, and drying. Similarly, the applied pH range is also widely available in the food product. Therefore, the kinetic analysis of this work can be used to evaluate the loss and degradation behavior of anthocyanin during industrial processes. In the present study, the stability of anthocyanins in the various hydrocolloids medium was also investigated under different conditions. Thus, this study has the potential application in the food processing industries to develop a stable anthocyanin‐based product.
Characteristics of coconut protein separation process by means of membrane ultrafiltration
Authors: Yiengveerachon Chayapa , Yoshikawa Shiro , Matsumoto Hideyuki , Ookawara Shinichi
Published: January 2020

Cross‐flow ultrafiltration has been reported as a promising technique to concentrate the coconut protein in the liquid by‐product called coconut skimmed effluent, which is produced from coconut oil wet process. However, the cake developed on the membrane surface always causes a measurable resistance, which extremely impedes the filtration efficiency. This study investigated the cross‐flow filtration performance under different operational conditions, which included membrane molecular weight cut‐off (10 and 30 kDa), transmembrane pressure (0.1, 0.2, and 0.3 MPa) and cross‐flow velocity (0.5, 1.0, and 1.5 l/min), and molecular electrostatic interaction by adjusting the feed suspension pH (2.0, 4.0, 6.3, 9.0). The results showed that there was no substantial difference in the filtration performance between 10 kDa and 30 kDa membrane because the number of molecules, in which the particle size was larger than 30 kDa, was high. Furthermore, the results confirmed that the permeate flux increased with the cross‐flow velocity but decreased with the transmembrane pressure due to the cake layer compressibility. For the suspension chemistry effects, although a thick cake layer was developed on the membrane when the feed suspension pH was very close to pI (pH 4.0), the permeate flux was surprisingly greater than the other pH conditions.

Practical Application

This research was carried out by focusing on the evaluation of the alternative method other than the traditional one, such as precipitation or centrifugation, for coconut protein concentration. The membrane ultrafiltration, which is widely used to improve the quality of many dairy products, has been applied to the coconut suspension and filtration performances including fouling behavior under various conditions have been investigated. The results obtained could provide extensive information for the operational optimization of the coconut liquor cross‐flow filtration process considering the hydrodynamic factors. Furthermore, since the experiment was conducted with a real polydispersed biopolymer mixture, its unique characteristics that depend on the change of pH would be able to extend the knowledge including the influence of the electrostatic interaction on the cake formation of such plant‐based protein–polysaccharide mixture.
Creating and Testing a Sensory Well–Being Hub for Adolescents with Developmental Disabilities
Authors: Park Giyoung , Nanda Upali , Adams Lisa , Essary Jonathan , Hoelting Melissa
Published: January 2020

While multisensory environments (or sensory rooms) are gaining traction in the learning environments, few studies have assessed the comparative effectiveness of specific elements and the link to individuals’ unique sensory needs. This study describes the creation and evaluation of a sensory well–being hub for diverse learners with developmental disabilities and distinct sensory profiles in a Chicago public high school. The sensory well–being hub is a simple and adaptable freestanding structure with various sensory affordances, supporting a wide range of atypical sensory processing in neurodiverse individuals. Data were collected during one academic year using surveys, focus groups, field observations, sensor data, log–in sheets, and student records. Results show that the hub was used for both scheduled (preventive) visits and unscheduled (spontaneously needed) ones. The most visited elements in the hub were a beanbag with weighted blanket, sensory cocoon with tensile fabric and a media wall, and a fidget wall with various components. The sensory affordances most often sought by users were compression, quietness, tactility, and proprioception. Students with autism spectrum disorders (ASD) differed from those without ASD in the ways they used sensory intervention even though the two groups were equivalent in sensory profiles (in thresholds for registration and active–to–passive response to stimuli). Based on the study findings, design suggestions were included to inform sensory hub design in other learning environments.
Intellectual disability stigma and initiatives to challenge it and promote inclusion around the globe
Authors: Scior Katrina , Hamid Aseel , Hastings Richard , Werner Shirli , Belton Catherine , Laniyan Adebisi , Patel Maya , Kett Maria
Published: January 2020

There is a dearth of studies that have examined the attitudes of society toward people with intellectual disabilities (IDs) on a global scale. This study set out to gauge the extent to which ID continues to be stigmatized and to which initiatives are in place to increase their inclusion and tackle stigma around the globe. Data were collected using a web survey from 667 experts and organizations in the (intellectual) disability field pertaining to 88 countries and covering all world regions. Information about the study was disseminated by four multinational disability organizations, and the survey was available in five languages. Findings and responses indicated that the general public in many parts of the world broadly support the fundamental principle of inclusion of children and adults with IDs, yet negative attitudes persist. High levels of stigma and denial of fundamental rights still appeared a reality in many places. Initiatives to tackle stigma appeared patchy and least in evidence where they were most needed. In many parts of the world the life chances of people with IDs often appear still very poor, and support and advocacy almost entirely their families' responsibility. More needs to be done globally to reduce the stigma associated with ID and to promote active engagement and regular social interactions between persons with IDs and their fellow citizens without IDs.
Diet quality and its association with nonalcoholic fatty liver disease and all‐cause and cause‐specific mortality
Authors: Yoo Eric R. , Kim Donghee , Vazquez‐Montesino Luis M. , Escober Jessica A. , Li Andrew A. , Tighe Sean P. , Fernandes Christopher T. , Cholankeril George , Ahmed Aijaz
Published: January 2020

Background & Aims

Healthy diet has been recommended for nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD), although it is not clear whether improving diet quality can prevent mortality. We aim to assess the impact of quality of diet on NAFLD and mortality in subjects with and without NAFLD.

Methods

We performed cohort study using the Third National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey from 1988 to 1994 and linked mortality data through 2015. We used the Healthy Eating Index (HEI) scores to define diet quality, with higher HEI scores (Q4) indicating better adherence to dietary recommendations. NAFLD was defined as ultrasonographic hepatic steatosis.

Results

Multivariate analysis showed that subjects with higher diet quality were inversely associated with NAFLD in a dose‐dependent manner. During the median follow‐up of 23 years, having a higher diet quality was associated with reduction in risk of all‐cause mortality in the age, sex, Race/ethnicity‐adjusted hazard ratio (HR) (Q4, HR: 0.60, 95% CI: 0.52‐0.68) and the multivariate model (Q4, HR: 0.81, 95% CI: 0.71‐0.92). Higher diet quality was associated with a lower risk for all‐cause mortality in subjects without NAFLD; however, this protective association with diet quality was not noted in those with NAFLD. Furthermore, a high diet quality was associated with a lower risk for cancer‐related mortality in the total population and among those without NAFLD. This association was not noted in those with NAFLD.

Conclusions

High diet quality was inversely associated with NAFLD and was positively associated with a lower risk for cancer‐related and all‐cause mortality in those without NAFLD.
Bottle‐feeding an infant feeding modality: An integrative literature review
Authors: Kotowski Judith , Fowler Cathrine , Hourigan Christina , Orr Fiona
Published: January 2020

Bottle‐feeding is an infant feeding modality that has been in existence since ancient times, and currently, a significant number of infants are being fed via a bottle with either breastmilk or formula. Although research on bottle‐feeding has continued, it exists in fragmented, often small studies that focus on singular aspects of feeding an infant using a bottle, with limited information on the bottle‐feeding act. Systems theory was the approach used to define the act of bottle‐feeding and identify the parts within this act. Health databases were searched using MeSH terms. A summary of the studies are included. The findings of this review revealed that healthy term bottle‐feeding infants use similar tongue and jaw movements, can create suction and sequentially use teat compression to obtain milk, with minimal differences in oxygen saturation and SSB patterns, when compared with breastfeeding infants. Bottle and teat characteristics were revealed to affect infant feeding and milk intake. An infant's milk intake during feeding was shown to have a strong association with the interaction between the infant and parent/caregiver. With the issue of who controls the feed, mother or infant, likely to affect an infant's ability to self‐regulate their milk intake. Redefining bottle‐feeding as a holistic system identifies the interrelationship of the various parts which will improve the understanding of the reciprocal nature of infant feeding. To optimize bottle‐feeding outcomes, further research is required on parents' and health professionals' knowledge and understanding of the parts within the act of bottle‐feeding.
DcMYB113, a root‐specific R2R3‐MYB, conditions anthocyanin biosynthesis and modification in carrot
Authors: Xu Zhi‐Sheng , Yang Qing‐Qing , Feng Kai , Yu Xiao , Xiong Ai‐Sheng
Published: January 2020

Purple carrots, the original domesticated carrots, accumulate highly glycosylated and acylated anthocyanins in root and/or petiole. Previously, a quantitative trait locus (QTL) for root‐specific anthocyanin pigmentation was genetically mapped to chromosome 3 of carrot. In this study, an R2R3‐MYB gene, namely DcMYB113, was identified within this QTL region. DcMYB113 expressed in the root of ‘Purple haze’, a carrot cultivar with purple root and nonpurple petiole, but not in the roots of two carrot cultivars with a purple root and petiole (Deep purple and Cosmic purple) and orange carrot ‘Kurodagosun’, which appeared to be caused by variation in the promoter region. The function of DcMYB113 from ‘Purple haze’ was verified by transformation in ‘Cosmic purple’ and ‘Kurodagosun’, resulting in anthocyanin biosynthesis. Transgenic ‘Kurodagosun’ carrying DcMYB113 driven by the CaMV 35S promoter had a purple root and petiole, while transgenic ‘Kurodagosun’ expressing DcMYB113 driven by its own promoter had a purple root and nonpurple petiole, suggesting that root‐specific expression of DcMYB113 was determined by its promoter. DcMYB113 could activate the expression of DcbHLH3 and structural genes related to anthocyanin biosynthesis. DcUCGXT1 and DcSAT1, which were confirmed to be responsible for anthocyanins glycosylation and acylation, respectively, were also activated by DcMYB113. The WGCNA identified several genes co‐expressed with anthocyanin biosynthesis and the results indicated that DcMYB113 may regulate anthocyanin transport. Our findings provide insight into the molecular mechanism underlying root‐specific anthocyanin biosynthesis and further modification in carrot and even other root crops.
Caries impact on quality of life among visually impaired adolescents: A cross‐sectional study
Authors: Ligali Taofeek Olalekan , Orenuga Omolola Olubunmi , Oredugba Folakemi Adenike
Published: January 2020

Aims

To assess and compare the impacts of dental caries on quality of life among visually impaired and sighted 10‐ to 19‐year‐old adolescents before and after treatment in Lagos State, Nigeria.

Methods and results

A cross‐sectional study of institutionalized sighted and visually impaired 10‐ to 19‐year‐old adolescents was carried out using interviewer‐administered Oral Health Related Quality of Life questionnaire based on Child Oral Impact on Daily Performance (Child‐OIDP) questionnaire. Frequencies of impact and mean impact scores were determined and compared between the two groups using chi‐square test. SPSS IBM version 20 was used for the analysis. The level of significance was placed at P < 0.05. The mean impact scores on quality of life among sighted and visually impaired adolescents were 14.45 ± 17.00 and 12.61 ± 17.83, respectively before treatment (P = 0.55) as well as 0.54 ± 1.81 and 2.02 ± 6.86 respectively after treatment (P = 0.10).

Conclusion

The visually impaired adolescents suffered similar burden of impact of dental caries as their sighted peers. The greatest impact was on eating and cleaning the teeth. Impact was greatly reduced following treatment. There is need for oral health promotion and early detection of dental caries among institutionalized visually impaired and sighted adolescents in order to prevent complications of dental caries.
Detection of an HLA‐DRB1*14 variant, HLA‐DRB1*14:44:01, in a Taiwanese individual
Authors: Yang Kuo‐Liang , Lin Py‐Yu
Published: January 2020

Nucleotide substitutions in codon of HLA‐DRB1*14:05:01:01 result in a novel allele HLA‐DRB1*14:44:01.
BPC transcription factors and a Polycomb Group protein confine the expression of the ovule identity gene SEEDSTICK in Arabidopsis
Authors: Petrella Rosanna , Caselli Francesca , Roig‐Villanova Irma , Vignati Valentina , Chiara Matteo , Ezquer Ignacio , Tadini Luca , Kater Martin M. , Gregis Veronica
Published: January 2020

The BASIC PENTACYSTEINE (BPC) GAGA (C‐box) binding proteins belong to a small plant transcription factor family. We previously reported that class I BPCs bind directly to C‐boxes in the SEEDSTICK (STK) promoter and the mutagenesis of these cis‐elements affects STK expression in the flower. The MADS‐domain factor SHORT VEGETATIVE PHASE (SVP) is another key regulator of STK. Direct binding of SVP to CArG‐boxes in the STK promoter are required to repress its expression during the first stages of flower development. Here we show that class II BPCs directly interact with SVP and that MADS‐domain binding sites in the STK promoter region are important for the correct spatial and temporal expression of this homeotic gene. Furthermore, we show that class I and class II BPCs act redundantly to repress STK expression in the flower, most likely by recruiting TERMINAL FLOWER 2/LIKE HETEROCHROMATIN PROTEIN 1 (TFL2/LHP1) and mediating the establishment and the maintenance of H3K27me3 repressive marks on DNA. We investigate the role of LHP1 in the regulation of STK expression. In addition to providing a better understanding of the role of BPC transcription factors in the regulation of STK expression, our results suggest the existence of a more general regulatory complex composed of BPCs, MADS‐domain factors and Polycomb Repressive Complexes that co‐operate to regulate gene expression in reproductive tissues. We believe that our data along with the molecular model described here could provide significant insights for a more comprehensive understanding of gene regulation in plants.
Follow‐up program for blood donors with unconfirmed screening results reveals a high false‐positive rate in Dalian, China
Authors: Deng Xuelian , Zang Liang , Wang Xinmei , Chen Hui , Liu Jiangdi , Gao Yong , Xu Shuang , Wang Li , Fan Yaxin , Candotti Daniel , Liang Xiaohua
Published: January 2020

BACKGROUND

Chinese blood donors with unconfirmed serological and/or molecular screening results are deferred permanently. This study investigated the implementation and performance of a follow‐up program aiming to improve the notification and management of deferred donors in Dalian, China.

STUDY DESIGN AND METHODS

From January 2013 to February 2018, 411,216 donations were tested for HBsAg, anti‐HCV, anti‐HIV/HIV antigen, and antibodies to Treponema pallidum. HBV, HCV, and HIV nucleic acid testing (NAT) was performed in mini‐pools of six or in individual donations (IDs). Reactive donations were evaluated further with alternative serological assays and ID‐NAT re‐testing. A follow‐up procedure was developed to evaluate a subset of deferred donors that were either potential NAT yield cases, serology non‐reactive and NAT non‐repeated reactive (NRR), or serology NRR irrespective of NAT result.

RESULTS

Serological and molecular routine, plus supplemental testing, identified HBV, HCV, HIV, and TP in 503 (0.12%), 392 (0.09%), 156 (0.04%), and 2041 (0.49%) donations, respectively. Overall, 683 of 4156 (16.4%) eligible donors and 205 donors deferred prior 2013 participated in the program. They included 664 serology NRR and 224 NAT yield cases, and 58.8% repeat donors. All markers combined, follow‐up documented false reactivity, primary acute infections, and OBI in 61.9% (550/888), 3.3% (29/888), and 12.8% (114/888) of these donors, respectively. Isolated anti‐HBc or anti‐HBs reactivity was observed in 22% of cases.

CONCLUSION

Follow‐up testing refined infection status in 78.0% (693/888) of deferred donors with unconfirmed screening results. This high false‐positive rate encouraged to reevaluate the current screening strategies and to consider donor reentry.
Chronic progressive lymphoedema in Friesian horses: suggestive phenotype of affected horses and genome‐wide association study
Authors: Affolter Verena K. , Dalley Brittany , Kass Philip H. , Brown Emily A. , Sonder Claudia , Bannasch Dannika L.
Published: January 2020

Background

Chronic progressive lymphoedema (CPL) is a disabling condition affecting various draft horse breeds, including Friesian horses.

Hypothesis

The high incidence of CPL in Friesian horses suggests a genetic component and a predisposing phenotype.

Animals

For the genomic study, 26 affected and 19 control horses were evaluated. Body measurements were taken from 28 affected and nine control Friesian horses.

Methods and materials

Axiom® Equine Genotyping Array with a total of 307,474 single nucleotide polymorphism (SNPs) was used for the case/control genome‐wide association study (GWAS). Height, weight and leg measurements (seven different body measurements) were obtained and compared between groups.

Results

No significant associations were identified with the GWAS. There were significant differences (P < 0.05) in gaskin length measurements between CPL‐affected horses and controls.

Conclusion

The current study suggests that the potential genetic contribution to CPL in Friesian horses is complex and may include other SNP‐associated factors. Significantly increased gaskin length of affected horses suggests a phenotype prone to developing CPL.
Integration of Structures in Students’ Design solutions: A Tool for Assessment
Authors: Sugga Prabhjot Singh , Raheja Gaurav , Chikermane Sanjay
Published: January 2020

Traditional teaching practices are often questioned over their failure to generate interest and profound understanding of structures among students that further affect its integration in design solutions. Alternative teaching practices though claim to be more effective, need a sound evaluation measured through assessment of the level of integration of structures in design solutions- the ultimate objective of such courses. This paper evaluates the integration of structures in design solutions of architecture students.  The integration assessment framework used for evaluation is based on building systems approach across three dimensions of performance, physicality and visual. It has been developed after comparing four prior frameworks with a 4-point scale and customized to suit the context of the academic environment.  The framework offers flexibility in its use for different technical knowledge levels for each successive year of Bachelor of architecture program.  The expert opinion followed by testing on design samples from all the program years further refined the framework. The study was then scaled up to include students from first to fourth years for three architecture schools that have completely different institutional environment. The findings revealed that including structural resolution in a design studio mandate may result in higher resolution of structures in design solutions but it is the building typology and student interest that may result in higher visual integration of structures in design solutions. Furthermore, the institutional environment effects can be seen in the setting of studio mandates where architecture school in technical campus laid more emphasis on resolutions of structures and services when compared to other architecture schools
Numerical Calculation of Two-Dimensional Subsea Cable Tension Problem Using Minimization Approach
Authors: Jasman Nur Azira , Normisyidi Nur Adlin Lina , Hoe Yeak Sue , Zainal Abidin Ahmad Razin , Mohd Haniffah Mohd Ridza
Published: January 2020

Subsea cable laying is a risky and challenging operation faced by engineers, due to many uncertainties arise during the operation. In order to ensure that subsea cables are laid out diligently, the analysis of subsea cable tension during the laying operation is crucial. This study focuses on the fatigue failure of cables that will cause large hang-off loads based on catenary configuration after laying operation. The presented problem was addressed using mathematical modelling with consideration for a number of defining parameters, which include external forces such as current velocity and design parameters such as cable diameter. There were two types of subsea cable tension analyses studied: tensional analysis of catenary configurations and tensional analysis of lazy wave configurations. The latter involved a buoyancy module that was incorporated in the current catenary configuration that reduced subsea cable tension and enhanced subsea cable lifespan. Both analyses were solved using minimization through the gradient-based approach concerning on the tensional analysis of the subsea cable in differentconfigurations. Lazy wave configurations were shown to successfully reduce cable tension,especially at the hang-off section.
From pragmatism to meritocracy? Views on in-house family ties on the Swedish labour market
Authors: Westin Kerstin , Haugen Katarina
Published: January 2020

In-house family ties within workplaces are a non-negligible phenomenon on the labour market. Drawing on organizational and geographical perspectives and based on thematic analysis of 40 interviews with human resource managers, we analyse how family ties are viewed and managed in organizations on the Swedish labour market. Based on the empirical analysis, we suggest that there are two different logics of human resource management concerning in-house family ties: a traditional, pragmatic and informal logic which expresses an accepting view; and a modern, meritocratic and formal logic associated with a disapproving view. Moreover, the informal logic seems to be increasingly challenged by formalization of human resource processes in both urban and rural settings. However, the analysis indicates that in smaller labour markets this shift is somewhat restrained by the limited supply of labour and socially tight knit local communities. Also, it seems that the change often meets resistance from supporters of the informal logic, and there is dissonance across different professional groups across and within organizations.
Collective editorial on the neoliberal university
Authors: Riding James , Kallio Kirsi Pauliina , Behroozi Pegah , Berg Lawrence D. , Brackebusch Alexander , Derksen Murray , Ducs Jodine , Henriksen Ida Marie , Huijbens Edward H. , Sætre Jakobsen Thomas , Jones Michael , Magusin Heather , Parker Ariele , Peak Adriane , Pyyry Noora , Refstie Hilde , Smeplass Eli , Tao Hongyang , Thorshaug Ragne Øwre
Published: January 2020

This collective editorial on the neoliberal university follows eight days of strike action at sixty UK universities called by the University and College Union (UCU) in two separate legal disputes, one on pensions and one on pay and working conditions. Anticipating the recent labor strike after previous industrial disputes in 2018 at UK universities, the work included here emanates from two dialogues at the Nordic Geographers Meeting (NGM) in summer 2019, a public meeting called Protest Pub and a conference session on the neoliberal subject and the neoliberal academy. After an opening statement by the editors, this collective endeavor begins with the urgent collaborative action of graduate students and early-career academics and is followed by reflections on life in the neoliberal academy from those involved in the dialogues at the NGM 2019 in Trondheim. Additionally, the editorial introduces the content of the present issue.
Derivatives of the Antimalarial Drug Mefloquine Are Broad-Spectrum Antifungal Molecules with Activity against Drug-Resistant Clinical Isolates
Authors: Montoya Marhiah C. , Beattie Sarah , Alden Kathryn M. , Krysan Damian J.
Published: January 2020

The antifungal pharmacopeia is critically small, particularly in light of the recent emergence of multidrug-resistant pathogens, such as
Candida auris
. Here, we report that derivatives of the antimalarial drug mefloquine have broad-spectrum antifungal activity against pathogenic yeasts and molds.
Origin of OXA-23 Variant OXA-239 from a Recently Emerged Lineage of Acinetobacter baumannii International Clone V
Authors: Graña-Miraglia Lucia , Evans Benjamin A. , López-Jácome Luis E. , Hernández-Durán Melissa , Colín-Castro Claudia Adriana , Volkow-Fernández Patricia , Cevallos Miguel A. , Franco-Cendejas Rafael , Castillo-Ramírez Santiago
Published: January 2020

A. baumannii
is a major cause of nosocomial infections all over the world. Although many isolates from developed countries have been studied in terms of their genome sequence, isolates from Latin America have been much less studied. In this study, using a population genomics approach considering the whole genomes of 148 isolates, we describe the recent emergence of the lineage ST758 endemic to Latin America and the inception of the OXA-239 carbapenemase. Our study highlights the urgent need to investigate recently emerged lineages of this species in Latin America and elsewhere, as these might harbor novel antibiotic resistance genes.
Gemella morbillorumas a source bacteria for necrotising fasciitis of the torso
Authors: Romero-Velez Gustavo , Pereira Xavier , Narula Anil , Kim Peter K
Published: January 2020

A 66-year-old man presented with upper back cellulitis and imaging findings consistent with a necrotising soft tissue infection. He was started on broad-spectrum intravenous antibiotics and was taken to the operating room for immediate surgical debridement. On postoperative day 5, the culture was noted to be growingGemella morbillorum,an exceedingly rare cause of necrotising soft tissue infections in immunocompetent hosts. His condition improved, and he was transitioned to oral antibiotics and discharged home.
Can Alexa, Cortana, Google Assistant and Siri save your life? A mixed-methods analysis of virtual digital assistants and their responses to first aid and basic life support queries
Authors: Picard Christopher , Smith Katherine Elizabeth , Picard Kelly , Douma Matthew John
Published: January 2020

Background

Virtual digital assistants are devices that interact with the user through natural language processing and artificial intelligence. They can respond to verbal requests for first aid information. This study analyses the responses provided by the four most common devices.

Methods

This mixed-methods study employs structured interviews of the virtual digital assistants (Alexa, Cortana, Google Home and Siri) as well as descriptive statistical analyses. One hundred and twenty-three interview questions, based on 39 first aid topics, were employed. Responses were analysed for recognition and quality. Detection of query acuity was performed according to triage guidelines and response complexity was calculated.

Results

Device performance was highly variable. Alexa and Google Home demonstrated high rates of recognition (92% vs 98% (p=0.03)) and low-to-moderate congruence with guidelines (19% vs 56% (p=0.04)). They appropriately recommended emergency response system activation 46% of the time vs 16% (p=0.01) of the time, respectively. The overall low quality responses of Cortana and Siri prohibited their analysis. Mean response complexity for Alexa was ‘grade 10’ vs ‘grade 8’ for Google Home (p<0.001).

Interpretation

This is the first study to assess virtual digital assistants from a first aid and basic life support perspective, finding potential in this technology to provide life-saving instructions and activate the emergency response system. When asked common first aid related questions Google Home and Alexa outperformed Siri and Cortana. Overall, the device responses were of mixed quality ranging from the provision of factual guideline-based information to no response at all.
Importance of quality in breast cancer screening practice – a natural experiment in Alberta, Canada
Authors: Yuan Yan , Vu Khanh , Shen Ye , Dickinson James , Winget Marcy
Published: January 2020

Objectives

Regular breast cancer screening is a widely used cancer prevention strategy. Important quality indicators of screening include cancer detection rate, false positive rate, benign biopsy rate and post-screen invasive cancer rate. We compared quality indicators of community radiology clinics to those of ‘Screen Test’, which feature centralised batch reading and quality control processes. Both types of providers operated under a single provincial Breast Cancer Screening Programme.

Setting

Community radiology clinics are operated by independent fee-for-service radiologists serving large and small communities throughout the Canadian province of Alberta. Launched by the provincial cancer agency, the Screen Test operates two physical clinics serving metropolises and mobile units serving remote regions. Eligible women may self-refer to any provider for screening mammography.

Participants

Women aged 50 to 69 years who had at least one screening mammogram between July 2006 and June 2010 in Alberta were included. Women with missing health region information or prior breast cancer diagnosis were excluded.

Results

A total of 389 788 screening mammograms were analysed, of which 12.7% were performed by Screen Test. Compared with Screen Test during 2006 to 2008, community radiology clinics had a lower cancer detection rate (3.6 vs 4.6 per 1000 screens, risk ratio (RR): 0.81, 95% CI: 0.67 to 0.98) and a much higher false positive rate (9.4% vs 3.4%, RR: 2.72, 95% CI: 2.55 to 2.90). Most other performance indicators were also better in Screen Test overall and across all health regions. These performance indicators were similar during 2008 to 2010, showing no improvement with time.

Conclusions

Screen Test has a quality assurance process in place and performed significantly better. This provides empirical evidence of the effectiveness of a quality assurance process and may explain some of the large differences in breast cancer screening indicators between provinces and countries with formal programmes and those without.
Metabolic syndrome in native populations living at high altitude: a cross-sectional survey in Derong, China
Authors: Huang Xiaofei , Hu Yongbo , Du Longqi , Lin Xiaolong , Wu Wenli , Fan Lijun , Li Libo , Zhong Xiaowei , Gong Qiyong , Gao Li , Kuang Weihong
Published: January 2020

Objective

The metabolic syndrome is a major risk factor for cardiovascular disease. Little information exists on the prevalence of the metabolic syndrome at high-altitude areas in China. We aimed to estimate the prevalence of metabolic syndrome and its individual components at high altitude.

Methods

A cross-sectional survey of 5053 adults living in Derong from elevation of 2060 to 3820 m was carried out in 2013. Metabolic syndrome was defined according to the Chinese Diabetes Society criteria.

Results

The overall prevalence of metabolic syndrome was 3.6% (5.9% in men and 1.8% in women) in Derong, China. Obesity and hypertension were more prevalent among adults than dyslipidaemia and hyperglycaemia at high altitude. The prevalence of metabolic syndrome was higher in township than countryside residents (6.6%, 11.9% in men and 1.5% in women vs 3.0%, 4.6% in men and 1.8% in women). Men with age 30–59 years old had a much higher prevalence of metabolic syndrome than women. Men, township, middle and old age residents had a higher risk of metabolic syndrome. The risk of obesity and dyslipidaemia decreased and the risk of hypertension increased in very high altitude (≥3000 m) residents.

Conclusion

In Derong, despite the relatively low prevalence of metabolic syndrome, hypertension and obesity are more prevalent in adult residents. And metabolic syndrome is more concentrated in township and male residents. These people also have a higher risk of metabolic syndrome. Therefore, it is necessary to develop a national strategy for the prevention and treatment of metabolic syndrome for high-risk population at high altitude in China.
What do Iranian general practitioners expect from family physician contracts?
Authors: Mohebbifar Rafat , Akbarirad Fatemeh , Ranjbar Mohammad , Rafiei Sima
Published: January 2020

Background

Family medicine has become a main prerequisite of providing primary healthcare and a main reforming strategy to ensure the delivery of efficient and high-quality health services.

Aim

This study aimed to investigate general practitioners’ (GP) preferences regarding family physician contract.

Design and setting

Cross-sectional study was conducted among GPs who registered in Ministry of Health and Medical Education (MoHME) family physician plan and were working in the health network of moderately developed regions in Iran. The sample size was calculated to be 150 GPs who were randomly selected from MoHME database.

Method

Developed questionnaire was distributed to GPs. Results were analysed by ordinal regression model.

Results

Study results confirmed that ‘type of employer’ had the most significant effect on GPs’ preferences (β=0.86). Then attributes including ‘allocating quota for being accepted in medical specialty’ (β=0.78), ‘increased length of contract’ (β=0.00.42) and ‘capitation payment+15% bonus’ had respectively the great effects on participants’ decision. Findings also revealed that a scenario of contracting with medical council was 2.4 times more likely to be chosen by GPs compared with a scenario of contracting with a medical university. Furthermore, a scenario that allocated a quota for admission to medical specialty courses was 2.18 times more probable to be preferred by them (p<0.001).

Conclusion

Successful implementation of family medicine requires development of suitable solutions for attracting and attaining GPs in the programme. It seems that using a variety of incentives and applying them in physicians’ work contract would be helpful in this regard.
Fundamentals of case study research in family medicine and community health
Authors: Fàbregues Sergi , Fetters Michael D
Published: January 2020

The aim of this article is to introduce family medicine researchers to case study research, a rigorous research methodology commonly used in the social and health sciences and only distantly related to clinical case reports. The article begins with an overview of case study in the social and health sciences, including its definition, potential applications, historical background and core features. This is followed by a 10-step description of the process of conducting a case study project illustrated using a case study conducted about a teaching programme executed to teach international family medicine resident learners sensitive examination skills. Steps for conducting a case study include (1) conducting a literature review; (2) formulating the research questions; (3) ensuring that a case study is appropriate; (4) determining the type of case study design; (5) defining boundaries of the case(s) and selecting the case(s); (6) preparing for data collection; (7) collecting and organising the data; (8) analysing the data; (9) writing the case study report; and (10) appraising the quality. Case study research is a highly flexible and powerful research tool available to family medicine researchers for a variety of applications.
Conducting health policy analysis in primary care research: turning clinical ideas into action
Authors: Engelman Alina , Case Ben , Meeks Lisa , Fetters Michael D
Published: January 2020

Healthcare guidelines play a prominent role in the day-to-day practice of primary care providers, and health policy research leads to the formation of these guidelines. Health policy research is the multidisciplinary approach to public policy explaining the interaction between health institutions, special interests and theoretical constructs. In this article, we demonstrate how primary care providers can conduct high-impact health policy research using Eugene Bardach’s eightfold policy analysis framework in a primary care context. In a medical case, a woman with a history of total hysterectomy had scheduled a visit for a Papanicolaou (Pap) smear screening test as part of a well-woman health check-up with a family medicine resident. Conflicting recommendations on Pap smear screening after total hysterectomy sparked an investigation using the US Preventive Services Task Force criteria for conducting a health policy analysis. We illustrate broadly how clinical care dilemmas can be examined by using Bardach’s broadly applicable health policy framework in order to inform meaningful policy change. Bardach’s framework includes (1) defining the problem, (2) assembling evidence, (3) constructing alternatives, (4) selecting criteria, (5) projecting outcomes, (6) confronting trade-offs, (7) decision-making and (8) sharing the results of the process. The policy analysis demonstrated insufficient evidence to recommend Pap test screening after hysterectomy and the findings contributed to national recommendations. By following Bardach’s steps, primary care researchers have a feasible and powerful tool for conducting meaningful health policy research and analysis that can influence clinical practice.
Mixed methods and survey research in family medicine and community health
Authors: Creswell John W , Hirose Mariko
Published: January 2020

Many family medicine and community health researchers use surveys as an original research methodology. Our purpose is to illustrate how survey research provides an important form of quantitative research that can be effectively combined with qualitative data to form a mixed methods study. We first provide an overview of the key principles in survey research and in mixed methods research. We review the various ways that survey can be used in mixed methods studies, citing options such as beginning a study with a survey, using a survey as the second form of data collection, or combining a survey and a form of qualitative data in a single data collection procedure. Finally, we illustrate in a specific example six steps in conducting a mixed methods study using survey research. In a mixed methods study using a survey, primary care researchers should consider six steps. Step 1. Articulate the rationale for mixed methods study. Step 2. Detail quantitative and qualitative databases. Step 3. Identify a mixed methods design. Step 4. Analyse and report the results of the quantitative and qualitative databases. Step 5. Present and show integration. Step 6. Explicate the value of using mixed methods. The ability to combine and integrate survey research into a mixed methods study provides a more rigorous approach to research than conducting only a survey or conducting just a qualitative interview. While requiring skills beyond traditional survey approaches, surveys in primary care offers an opportunity for a high level of sophistication in research methodology.