bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Dünyada Tarım ve Hayvancılığın Dönüşümü: Teknolojiye Dayalı Uygulamalar ve Devrimler
Authors: YAMAN Habibe , SUNGUR Onur , DULUPÇU Murat Ali
Published: January 2022

Amaç: Bu çalışmanın temel amacı dünyada tarım ve hayvancılığın geçirdiği dönüşüm sürecini ortaya koymaktır.
Tasarım/Metodoloji/Yaklaşım: Bu amaç dahilinde çalışma kapsamında öncelikle büyüme ve kalkınma sürecinde önemli bir yere sahip olan teknolojinin tarım ve hayvancılık sektörü için önemi ve gerekliliği ele alınmış ve dünyada tarım ve hayvancılıkta dönüşüme yol açan teknolojiye dayalı uygulamalara yer verilmiştir. Devamında ise gelişim ve ilerleme evreleri incelenmiş ve endüstriyel devrimler ile kıyaslamalar yapılarak tarım ve hayvancılığın geçirdiği dönüşüm süreci ortaya koyulmuştur.
Bulgular: Günümüzde gelişmişliğin önemli bir göstergesi olarak kabul edilen “kalkınma” konusu, ulusların yakından ilgili oldukları bir kavramdır. Ekonomik olarak gelişim ve kalkınmanın sağlanması açısından tarım ve hayvancılık sektörü oldukça önemli bir yere sahiptir. Bu sektörde verimlilik ve sürdürülebilirliğin artmasının; yoksulluğun azaltılması, ekonomik bağımsızlığın güçlendirilmesi ve gelir ve refah düzeyinin arttırılması ile kalkınmanın gerçekleşmesinde önemli bir katkısı vardır. Bu kapsamda dünyada tarım ve hayvancılıkta sürdürülebilirlik ve verimlilik düzeyini arttırmak amacıyla çeşitli ülkeler tarafından farklı politikalar uygulanmakta ve sektörü geliştirmeye yönelik çeşitli adımlar atılmaktadır. Yeni tekniklerin ve yöntemlerin sektöre entegre edilmesiyle sektörde verim artmakta ve bu da büyüme ve gelişmeye katkı sağlamaktadır. Bu süreçteki faaliyetler sektörde yeni ve gelişmiş teknolojilerin kullanımına da yön vermektedir. Fakat bu sektörün geliştirilebilmesi, rekabet gücünün arttırılabilmesi ve sektörü güçlendirecek politikaların oluşturabilmesi için öncelikle tarım ve hayvancılık sektörünün geçirdiği bu dönüşüm sürecini iyi kavramak gerekmektedir. Diğer taraftan mevcut teknolojik gelişim ve uygulamaları takip etmek ve sektörde teknolojiyi geliştirmek de oldukça önemlidir.
Özgünlük/Değer: Sonuç olarak bu çalışmanın tarım ve hayvancılık sektörünü verimli kılacak ve geliştirecek teknolojilerin geliştirilmesine ve uygulanmasına yol göstereceği ve katkı sunacağı beklenmektedir.
A Study on the Financial Resources of the Businesses in terms of Cattle Breeding in Mixed Production Enterprises: The Case of Tekirdag
Authors: TERZİ Onur , ARTUKOĞLU Metin
Published: January 2022

Purpose: The main purpose of this research is to present alternative solutions in this field by revealing the income and debt status of farmers with livestock income.
Design/Methodology/Approach: The main material of the research is the survey study conducted with the producers in the research area. Apart from the survey data, the Farmer Registration System (ÇKS) data recorded by the Ministry of Agriculture and Forestry in the field of crop production was used. The records of the producers surveyed from the data of the National Milk Registration System were determined and included in the data set. Results were evaluated with descriptive statistics and Likert scale.
Findings: Dairy farming has a significant share in the average income of farmers dealing with dairy farming. It is seen that farmers with low income level turn to dairy farming to increase their income. On the other hand, it has been determined that borrowing has increased in these enterprises and they are increasingly in loan relationship with banks.
Originality/Value: Short-term loan products should be offered to businesses dealing with dairy farming. It is a necessity for farmers with low income or few animals to market their products through cooperatives. In addition, improving the financial literacy level of farmers is necessary for the healthy use of finance.
Çeltik Üretiminin İklim Değişikliği Üzerine Etkisi Konulu Araştırmaların Bibliyometrik Analiz Yöntemiyle İncelenmesi
Authors: YÜCEER Sema Ezgi , TAN Sibel , TAN Sabri Sami , DURMUŞ Eylem
Published: January 2022

Amaç: İklim; sıcaklık, nem, atmosfer basıncı, rüzgâr, yağış, nem seviyeleri, güneş ışığı yoğunlukları, bulut örtüleri ve diğer meteorolojik olayların belirli zaman içerisindeki ortalaması olarak tanımlanmaktadır. İklim değişikliği; karşılaştırılabilir zaman dilimlerinde kısa ve uzun vadeli gözlemlerle hava koşullarındaki herhangi bir değişiklik ve bunun yanında insan faaliyetleri sonucunda küresel atmosferin bileşimini doğrudan ya da dolaylı biçimde bozan ve iklim üzerinde meydana gelen değişikliklere denir (Ullah et al. 2018; TOB, 2020). İklim koşullarına büyük ölçüde bağlı olan sektörlerin başında da tarım gelmektedir. İklim değişikliği sürdürülebilir tarımsal kalkınmayı tehlikeye atmakta, birçok çiftçinin verim ve gelirinde ciddi bir tehdit oluşturmakta, yer üstü ve yer altı su dengesini azaltmaktadır. Sera gazları iklim değişikliğine sebep olan ana unsurlardan biridir. TÜİK (2021) verilerine göre, sektör bazında incelendiğinde, tarımın sera gazı emisyonunun 2018 yılı itibariyle %12,5 paya sahip olduğu görülmektedir. Çeltik en önemli sera gazı (GHG) emisyon kaynağıdır ve FAO (2021) istatistiklerine göre dünya toplamında 2019 yılında, buğday ve mısırdan sonra yaklaşık 162 milyon ha ile en fazla ekimi yapılan temel gıda maddelerinden biridir (Pramono et al. 2021). Bu bilgiler ışığında araştırmada geçmişten günümüze kadar iklim değişikliği ve çeltik alanında yapılmış bilimsel yayınlar bibliyometrik analiz yöntemiyle incelenerek iklim değişikliği ile çeltik üretimi arasındaki ilişki konusunda yapılan çalışmaların zamansal evrimi, literatürdeki durumu sistematik ve kapsamlı bir biçimde ortaya konulması amaçlanmıştır. İncelenen yayınlar sonucunda elde edilen veriler görsel haritalama tekniğiyle resmedilmiştir. Tasarım/Metedoloji/Yaklaşım: Veri tabanı Scopus’tan erişilen toplam 1257 adet bilimsel yayından oluşmuştur. Toplanan veriler bibliyometrik analiz yöntemiyle incelenmiştir. Bulgular: Literatür incelendiğinde iklim değişikliği, tarım, sera gazı, metan, pirinç, küresel ısınma, sera etkisi, tarımsal üretim, gıda güvenliği gibi ana temalar üzerinde araştırmanın gerçekleştiği tespit edilmiştir.Özgünlük/Değer: Araştırma, 1994’ten günümüze kadar küresel boyutta yaşanan iklim değişikliği ile çeltik üretim literatürüne bibliyometrik analiz yöntemi ile incelenmesiyle diğer çalışmalardan ayrılmaktadır.
ESTABILISHING HARMONY BETWEEN RELIGIONS BY THE RELIGIOUS HARMONY FORUM IN PAPUA THE LAND OF PEACE MAQASID SYARI’AH PERSPECTIVE
Authors: Amirullah Amirullah , Salenda Kasjim , Said Nurman , Haddade Abdul Wahid
Published: January 2022

This writing tells about the endeavor of FKUB, or the Religious Harmony Forum in the city of Jayapura in estabilishing harmony between religions in Jayapura-Papua The Land of Peace in Maqasid Syari’ah perpective. This is an analytical descriptive research aimed to explain explicitly about the existence of FKUB in estabilishing the religious harmony according to the Maqasid Syari’ah point of view. The result shows that the effort of FKUB in Jayapura led to five points of priority measurement applied to maintain the harmony between religions. Those are as follows: a) preserving religions in Dharuriyyat (basic needs) level in the effort of estabilishing harmony of religious groups through dialogue in one’s group to be persuasive; b) preserving spirit (Hifz) is a basic need (dharuriyyat). Otherwise, people would fail to present seminars, dialogue, and contain people aspirations; c) preserving intelligence (Hifz al-‘Aql) is obviously fundamental to create harmony; d) preserving successors in daruriyyat level. It is also fundamental for better upcominng future; e) educating relgious figure how to maximally maintin prosperity.
THE CONCEPT OF AL-RASIKHUNA FI AL-‘ILM A PERSPECTIVE OF AL-‘ALLAMAH AL-TABATABA’I IN THE BOOK OF AL-MIZAN
Authors: Abrar Andi , Mahfudz Muhsin , Sohrah Sohrah
Published: January 2022

Allah reveals the Quran as a guidance to those who are pious and those who are not. In Quran, there are some verses that can be easily comprehended, also known as muhkam verses. There are also quite cryptic verses known as mutasyabih. The interpretation of the Quran often be divise, and divided into two groups. The first group derives and uses the mutasyabih verses of the Quran as a reason to spread deception and finding its takwil (original meaning) due to their heart prefers to the misguidance. The second group is them, whom they are the experts and is known as al-Rasikhuna fi al-‘ilm. They interpret the verses of the Quran, bith muhkam and mutasyabih, based on the opinion that all is coming from Allah. Understanding of the Quran making them more faithful, and therefore called as ulul albab. The term al-Rasikhuna fi al-‘ilm in Quran and hadith does not refer to a certain group or person. Hence, the interpretation of al-Rasikhuna fi al-‘ilm by the ulama depends on their mahzab.
ANALISIS SELF-CITATION PADA JURNAL TERAKREDITASI NASIONAL SINTA UIN ALAUDDIN MAKASSAR
Authors: Arifin Nur , Iskandar Iskandar , Ahmad La Ode Ismail
Published: January 2022

Artikel ini mengkaji tentang self-citation pada Jurnal Terakreditasi Nasional SINTA UIN Alauddin Makassar. Data dikumpulkan dengan cara: 1) menelusuri jurnal UIN Alauddin di SINTA (Science and Technology Index), 2) melacak jurnal UIN Alauddin yang terakreditasi berdasarkan peringkatnya masing-masing di SINTA (Science and Technology Index), dan 3) menyajikan data jurnal dan artikel setiap jurnal ke dalam Microsoft excel yang bersumber dari database SINTA (Science and Technology Index) dan Google Scholar, kemudian dianalisis dan diinterpretasikkan dengan menunjukkan jumlah persentase dan frekuensi. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa 72.97% jurnal UIN Alauddin yang terakreditasi SINTA terindikasi self-citation. Frekuensi self-citation berkisar antara 1 sampai 14. Jurnal yang memiliki self-citation tertinggi adalah Jurnal JPP, sedangkan Penulis yang melakukan self-citation tertinggi adalah inisial AM. Selain itu ditemukan penulis yang melakukan self-citation tertinggi pada jurnal yang sama adalah inisial SK
Skólaþjónusta sveitarfélaga: Starfsþróun og skólar sem faglegar stofnanir
Authors: Svanbjörnsdóttir Birna María , Sigurðardóttir Sigríður Margrét , Þorsteinsson Trausti , Gunnþórsdóttir Hermína , Elídóttir Jórunn
Published: January 2022

Markmið rannsóknarinnar var að kanna hvernig skólaþjónusta sveitarfélaga stæði að því að tryggja kennurum og skólastjórnendum stuðning til starfsþróunar og að efla skóla sem faglegar stofnanir, sem þeim ber samkvæmt lögum. Rafræn spurningakönnun var lögð fyrir skólastjóra leik- og grunnskóla og þá sem voru í forsvari fyrir skólaþjónustu í sveitarfélögum á Íslandi. Til að fylgja spurningakönnuninni eftir voru valin fimm tilvik og þau rannsökuð sérstaklega. Niðurstöður benda til þess að ekki sé jafnvægi milli meginviðfangsefna skólaþjónustunnar, sem eru að styðja nemendur og foreldra annars vegar og starfsþróun kennara, stjórnenda og annars starfsfólks hins vegar. Margt bendir til þess að skólaþjónustuna skorti skýrari stefnu um skólamiðaða ráðgjöf þar sem betur er skerpt á hlutverki hennar í því að efla og þróa skólana sem faglegar stofnanir og uppfylla þar með reglugerðarákvæði. Í því skyni þurfa yfirvöld og fræðslustjórar að hafa samráð um áherslur og leiðir og tryggja heildstæða þjónustu með áherslu á starfsþróun og skólamiðaða ráðgjöf fyrir starfsfólk skóla í samstarfi við kennara og skólastjórnendur.
Study on Phase Transformation and Desulfurization Ability during Refining with Flux Additions of B2O3 and CaF2 into CaO-Based Desulfurizer
Authors: Hsieh Chih-Chun
Published: January 2022

CaF2 aids melting and desulfurization, but can also cause environmental pollution. Thus, it has become important to discuss the phase transformation and find a substitute for CaF2. A CaO-based desulfurizer with various flux additions of B2O3 and CaF2 is investigated during the refining process. The purpose of this study is to discuss the phase transformation and desulfurization ability and during refining with B2O3 and CaF2 using a high frequency furnace. Experimental results indicate that the melting temperature of CaO-Al2O3-SiO2 series desulfurizer becomes lower when more B2O3 and less CaF2 are added. On the other hand, the desulfurization ability can be affected within 15 min when various proportions of B2O3 and CaF2 areadded. The desulfurization ability is better with a high content of B2O3 desulfurizer within a 15 min period. However, the desulfurization ability is not affected by the proportion of B2O3 and CaF2 for a long melting period (30 min).
Dynamic Viscosity of Partially Carbonated Aqueous Monoethanolamine (MEA) from (20 to 150) °C
Authors: Arachchige Udara , Singh Bhupendra , Prajapati Kishan , Melaaen Morten C.
Published: January 2022

Viscosities of liquid solutions of monoethanolamine (MEA), water (H20), and carbon dioxide (CO2) have been measured. The mass fraction of MEA was (10, 20, 30, 40, and 50)%, and CO2 loading values was between (0.1 to 0.5) mol CO2/mol MEA. The operating temperature was varied between (20 to 150)°C. The available literature data for temperature range (25 to 80)°C for mass fraction of (20, 30 and 40)% were used to compare the measurement data. The dynamic viscosity increase with the increase of CO2 loading and decrease with an increase of temperature. The measured data were compared with the data predicted from available regression equation for certain temperature range. Agreement between measured data and the correlation data was satisfactory.
Synthesis and characterization methods of polymeric nanoparticles
Authors: Katmıs Aslı , Fide Serap , Karaismailoglu Seyma , Derman Serap
Published: January 2022

This review provided a detailed overview of the different synthesis and characterization methods of polymeric nanoparticles. Nanoparticles are defined as solid and colloidal particles of macromolecular substances ranging in size under 100 nm. Different types of nanoparticles are used in many biological fields (bio-sensing, biological separation, molecular imaging, anticancer therapy, etc.). The new features and functions provided by nano dimensions are largely different from their bulk forms. High volume/surface ratio, improved resolution and multifunctional capability make these materials gain many new features.
Preparation and Evaluation of Conductive Polymeric Composite from Metals Alloys and Graphene to Be Future Flexible Antenna Device
Authors: Abdelrahman Ameen , Erchiqui Fouad , Nedil Mourad
Published: January 2022

Every year hundreds of serious accidents and catastrophic are accompanied by mining sector services as disaster, flooding, and demolition. To reduce the severity of the results such as high death numbers, lost communication inner and out mining, we have to find an easy way to improve communication means during that problems. In this paper, we reach out to fabricate durable, flexible, and wearable chaps, in addition to an easier carrier with highly efficient receiving and sending a signal at 2.4 GHz broad wide band. By doping a bunch of unique conductive metals (silver, copper, and gallium indium alloy) assembled on Graphene, its integration inside Polydimethylsiloxane to be future applicable antenna. Furthermore, we studied the physical and electric properties of a composite including Electrochemical Impedance properties (EIS), cyclic voltammetry (CV), and its thermal stability chip (DSC), as well as, using Transmission electron microscopy (TEM), and, scanning electron microscopy (SEM) techniques to clarify the surface morphology of fabricated materials. In addition to various measurements had been carried out such as Ultraviolet-visible, inductively coupled plasma (ICP) spectroscopy, and Energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDX) to reinforce and elucidate the solid-state of ions inside fabricated Antenna. On the other hand, throughout stress-strain for the stretchability of fabricated is expanded to 30% of its original length, in addition to thermal stability reached to 485°C compared to pure PDMS substrate, with enhancing electric conductivity of composite ship.
The Effect of Spray Distance on Porosity, Surface Roughness and Microhardness of WC-10Co-4Cr Coatings Deposited by HVOF
Authors: Górnik Monika , Jonda Ewa , Nowakowska Monika , Łatka Leszek
Published: January 2022

The paper presents the computational studies on the microstructure of WC-Co-Cr coatings deposited by High Velocity Oxy Fuel spraying (HVOF). The study covers the porosity assessment according to ASTM E2109-01 standard, carried out in ImageJ software, in terms of volume porosity, size and shape of the pores. The evaluation was preceded by scanning electron microscope (SEM) observations at magnifications of 2000x and 5000x. Additionally, topography analysis has been performed by confocal laser scanning microscope (CLSM), and the surface roughness Ra was evaluated by the contact method with use of a stylus profilometer. Finally, the influence of porosity was observed for coatings microhardness HV0.3. According to the results, the total closed porosity was found to be in the range of 5.01 vol.% and 5.38 vol.%. The dominated pores in the coatings were of size 0.1-1.0 μm. Studies showed that HVOF process enabled deposition of dense coatings, characterized by homogenous distribution of pores and low roughness.
Effect of Holes in Overlap on the Load Capacity of the Single-Lap Adhesive Joints Made of EN AW-2024-T3 Aluminium Alloy
Authors: Zielecki Władysław , Burnat Katarzyna , Kubit Andrzej , Katrňák Tomáš
Published: January 2022

The paper presents the results of experimental research aimed at determining the possibilities of strengthening structural adhesive joints. Techniques to improve the strength of adhesive joints was to make holes in the front part of the adherends in order to make the joint locally more flexible in the area of stress concentration at the joint edges. The tests were carried out for the lap joints of EN AW-2024-T3 aluminum alloy sheets, which were bonded with Loctite EA3430 epoxy adhesive. Static tests were carried out on the basis of the tensile/shear test. It has been shown that the applied structural modifications allow for an increase in the strength of the joint, in the best variant, an increase in strength of 14.5% was obtained. In addition, it has been shown that making holes in the adherends allows to reduce the spread of strength results.
Exploring identity positionings in scholarly texts on management
Authors: Lehman Iga
Published: January 2022

Background and research aims

Since scholarly texts on management have been criticised as being no longer effective in communicating today's changing sociocultural, disciplinary, and practical contexts, my purpose in this paper is to conceptualise the identity options management authors can assume to communicate disciplinary knowledge and beliefs.

Theoretical perspective

The theoretical perspectives involved in this analysis include selected aspects of Harré and van Langenhove's (1999) positioning theory that I linked with my model of writer identity as a trichotomy of selves (individual self, collective self, depersonalised self), textually conveyed in the three types of voice (Lehman, 2018; Lehman and Sułkowski, 2020).

Key findings

Based on this conceptual framework, specific advice is provided as to how academics can create a reader-inclusive or authoritative writer persona in their texts. In doing so, I support the recent efforts in Critical Management Studies (CMS) to ‘write differently’ in order to address the aesthetic, moral, and political concerns of writing in the field.
Home education as an alternative form of education in Poland: Management perspective
Authors: Berkowicz Aleksandra
Published: January 2022

Purpose

There is more and more literature dealing with home education, but this area still seems to be insufficiently explored. The aim of the article is to describe the processes and contexts of home education from the management perspective.

Design/methodology/approach

Initial recognition of the research subject through a literature review. A synthesising research approach was adopted, integrating the results of literature research and on this basis determining the directions of development of home education in Poland from specific perspectives.

Findings

One of the more interesting conclusions is the direction of changes in the law on home education: clear though slow changes towards liberalisation. Management of the educational process by parents is characterised by freedom, which translates into a variety of management styles, but two tendencies can be distinguished: conservative and liberal. Taking into account the historical aspect, the characteristic feature of home education today is its egalitarianism, not elitism.

Originality/value

The history of Polish education is quite complicated. Poland's enslavement by foreign countries resulted in many years of limiting education, including its various forms. Home education as an alternative to elementary schools was reactivated after 1989 and is still in statu nascendi. The article presents in a synthetic way the evolution of home education in Poland, thus outlining the trends in the development of home education from the perspective of management.
Economic Growth in the Western Balkans: A Panel Analysis
Authors: Ziberi Besime , Alili Merita Zulfiu
Published: January 2022

This paper investigates how typical macroeconomic indicators affect the economic growth of Western Balkans countries. A static panel empirical investigation for the period 2010 to 2019 has been conducted using GDP growth rate as the dependent variable, while independent variables in focus include foreign direct investments, remittances, unemployment rate, population growth rate, and control of corruption. The most interesting finding is that a rising share of remittances positively affects economic growth. This might indicate that even when remittances are used for non-investment purposes, they might increase domestic production of consumption and intermediate goods. There is also evidence of a non-linear relationship between FDI and economic growth, which may be a consequence of undeveloped capacities to use the positive side of FDI. To foster economic growth policy-makers should focus on reforms that target sectors that show sharp declines in FDI and remittances inflows, including also a need for better control of corruption in the region.
The Causal Link Between Savings and Economic Growth in Bosnia and Herzegovina
Authors: Đidelija Irma
Published: January 2022

The causal link between savings and economic growth has been extensively discussed in the economic growth and development literature, but the question of the direction of this link has not yet been clearly defined. The aim of this paper is to determine the direction and intensity of savings causality (components of private savings) and economic growth in Bosnia and Herzegovina. Granger’s causality test, the Toda-Yamamoto procedure, was applied to test for causality between savings and economic growth. The results of Granger’s causality test indicated that there is no causal link between components of private savings with economic growth in Bosnia and Herzegovina. It was found that among the variables there is cointegration, but not causality, which means that the variables have a common stochastic trend. This fully corresponds to the characteristics of the Bosnia and Herzegovina’s economy.
Risk Management Maturity, its Determinants and Impact on Firm Value: Empirical Evidence from Joint-Stock Companies in Bosnia and Herzegovina
Authors: Meskovic Minela Nuhic , Zaimovic Azra
Published: January 2022

The current extremely volatile business environment requires companies to manage a wide range of risks. Poor management of the company’s main risks can lead to significant value losses for key stakeholders. Companies strive to preserve and protect their value by developing risk management models based on organisational culture, processes and structure. The main objective of this paper is to assess the maturity of risk management, explore its determinants and examine its impact on firm value. In order to quantify the maturity of the risk management model, we have created an index based on 31 reference components whose weighting values have been determined by a group of experts using the Delphi technique. In addition, this paper aims to identify the determinants of the risk management model maturity in companies in Bosnia and Herzegovina (B&H). Based on the estimated ordinary least squares (OLS) model, the results confirm that companies from the financial sector have more mature risk management models compared to the real sector. Moreover, the size of the firm and the type of auditor were identified as additional determinants of risk management maturity. The OLS model confirms the positive and statistically significant impact of risk management model maturity on Tobin’s Q value.
RNase A Enzyme Modification of Optimized SDS Protocol for DNA Extraction Suitable for Real-Time PCR Screening of GMOs
Authors: Sabriu-Haxhijaha Arita , Stojkovski Velimir , Ilievska Gordana , Jankuloski Dean , Blagoevska Katerina
Published: January 2022

As the number of genetically modified crops increases rapidly, their accurate detection is significant for labelling and safety assessment. Currently, real-time PCR is the “golden standard” method for GMO detection. Hence, extraction of high quality DNA represents a crucial step for accurate and efficient DNA amplification. For GMO presence evaluation in the extracted DNA from raw corn kernels and roasted soybean, we used real-time PCR method, in consistent with the ISO17025 accreditation standards. As for DNA extraction, modified basic SDS protocol by adding RNase A enzyme in different steps of the protocol, with different time and temperature of incubation was used. The results showed as most suitable, the protocol where 10 µl of RNase A enzyme was added together with the lysis buffer at 65 °C for 30 minutes. Data for DNA yield and purity for roasted soybean was 469.6±3.3 µg/ml with A260/280 absorbance ratio 1.78±0.01. Suitability of DNA extracts for GMO analysis was assessed by screening for the presence of 35S promotor and Tnos terminator. Diluted extracts in concentrations 10, 1, 0.1, 0.01 and 0.0027 ng/µl, were tested in six replicates. Positive signal of amplification (LOD) was detected in all concentrations for both genetic elements in both matrices. The LOQ for 35S and Tnos for both matrices was 0.1 ng, while for Tnos in raw corn kernels was 0.01 ng. This in-house developed DNA extraction method is simple and obtains high-quality DNA suitable for GMO screening of 35S promotor and Tnos terminator in both raw and processed matrices.
The influence of ball milling processing variables on the microstructure and compaction behavior of Fe–Mn–Cu alloys
Authors: Ammar Hany R. , Sivasankaran Subbarayan , Alaboodi Abdulaziz S.
Published: January 2022

In the present study, twenty seven [(Fe–35wt%Mn)100−x
–Cu
x
] alloy samples were processed using high-energy ball milling, followed by uniaxial compaction under different processing conditions. The compressibility behavior in terms of relative density (RD) was examined with milling time (MT: 1 h, 5.5 h, and 10 h), ball-to-powder mass ratio (BPMR: 5:1, 10:1, and 15:1), milling speed (MS: 100 rev/min, 200 rev/min, and 300 rev/min), compaction pressure (CP: 25–1,100 MPa), and alloy composition (Cu content [CC]: 0 wt%, 5 wt%, 10 wt%). Particle size analysis using X-ray diffraction (XRD) and high-resolution scanning electron microscopy (HRSEM) combined with energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDS) were applied for microstructural characterization. The experiments were conducted based on the central composite design of response surface methodology (RSM), and the results for the compaction behavior were examined with the input parameters. Analysis of variance (ANOVA) test was applied to determine the most significant input parameters. The attained results revealed that increasing ball milling parameters (MT, MS, and BPMR) resulted in significant enhancements in the microstructural features, such as improved elemental dispersion and occurrence of refined particles with substantial decrease in the crystallite size. On the other hand, increasing the input parameters exhibited a detrimental influence on the compactibility and RD of the alloys. In addition, increasing the CC resulted in a substantial improvement in the compressibility and RD of the developed alloys. The recommended combination of the studied variables includes MT for 5 h, MS for 150 rev/min, BPMR of 10:1, and 10 wt%Cu to attain an acceptable compromise of enhanced microstructure features, improved compaction response, and RD.
Synthesis and mechanical and thermal properties of multiblock terpoly(ester-ether-amide) thermoplastic elastomers with variable mole ratio of ether and amide block
Authors: Schmidt Beata , Rokicka Joanna
Published: January 2022

A series of the terpolymers of poly[(trimethylene terephthalate)-block-(oxytetramethylene)-block-laurolactam] with a variable molar ratio of ether and amide block and constant molecular weights of PA12 = 2000 g/mole and PTMO = 1000 g/mole have been obtained. The influence of changes of these molar ratios on the functional properties and the values of phase change temperatures of the products have been determined. The thermal properties and the phase separation of obtained systems were defined by DSC, DMTA and WAXS methods. The chemical structure of obtained materials was studied by FT-IR and 13C NMR methods. The mechanical and elastic properties of these polymers were evaluated.
Product diversification from pomelo peel. Essential oil, Pectin and semi-dried pomelo peel
Authors: Huyen Le T. N. , On T. N. H. , Nhi Tran T. Y. , Phat Dao T. , Cang Mai H.
Published: January 2022

Currently, agriculture has shifted to green production, in which the recycling of post-production by-products is a key issue. In the present work, by-products such as pomelos were studied to promote consumption and enhance the value of pomelo. From pomelo material, essential oils extracted from pomelo peels, pectin, and drying pomelo products have been diversified. In the extraction process of essential oils, the hydrodistillation method was applied in conjunction with the response surface method to obtain the optimal conditions of influence factors. These essential oils were quantified as well as determined for components by GC-MS. The pectin recognition process was done by immersion method in HCl acid (pH 2) and the drying process was made with a heat pump dryer under the effects of drying temperature, drying time and wind rate. The results of the essential oil products reached the highest (0.88 ±0.006 g) at the material size of 3 mm, the distillation time of 27 min, and the ratio of raw materials/solvents of 1/12 g/mL. The main components found in pomelo peeling essential oils included limonene (71.768%), γ-terponene (12,847%), α-Phellandrene (2.979%), β-myrcene (2.668%), 1R-α-pinene (2,656%), and β-pinene (1,191%). The pectin content was the highest under the temperature of 90 °C, extraction time of 60 min and ratio/solvent ratio of 1:32 g/mL. Under these extraction conditions, 48% of concentrated pectin content was obtained. Surveying conditions for drying white pomelo peels are capable of reversing: refunded drying pomelos are drying heat pumps in the following conditions: 50 °C drying temperature, the drying time of 90 min, and wind rate of 12 m/s. Product with hardness 309.862 N.
Response surface methodology for optimization studies of hydro-distillation of essential oil from pixie mandarin (Citrus reticulata Blanco) peels
Authors: Dao Tan Phat , Quyen Ngo Thi Cam , Nhi Tran Thi Yen , Nguyen Chi Cuong , Nguyen Trung Thanh , Le Xuan Tien
Published: January 2022

Essential oil extraction technique from mandarin pixie peels by hydro-distillation is optimized by response surface methodology (RSM). Mathematical techniques were used in experimental design to evaluate the impacts of factors that affect the extraction process and improve the yield of the extraction process. A central mixed design based on influencing variables such as water ratio (3–5 mL/g), temperature (110–130 °C) and extraction time (90–150 min) was adopted with essential oil yield as the target function. Correlation analysis of the mathematical regression model showed that the quadratic polynomial model can be used to optimize hydro-distillation of pixie mandarin oil. The results showed that under the optimum extraction conditions, the highest quantity of essential oils was achieved (7.28 mL/100 g materials). In terms of statistical analysis, the significance levels (p-value <0.05) of the model showed that the experimental results had a good impact between factors. The coefficient of determination indicating the match between the experimental value and the predicted value of the model was high (R2>0.9). The chemical composition of the essential oil was analyzed by Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry, revealing the dominance of limonene content (97.667%), which implies that the essential oil of pixie mandarin could be an alternative source of limonene.
Primary Tupaia Javanica Hepatocyte Culture as an In Vitro Model for Human Hepatitis B Virus Infection
Authors: Kalista Kemal Fariz , Surya Maryati , Mariya Silmi , Iskandriati Diah , Hasan Irsan , Gani Rino Alvani
Published: January 2022

Background: Hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection is still one of the biggest health problems in the world, which could lead to chronic hepatitis, cirrhosis and hepatocellular carcinoma. Treatment for HBV infection has not yet achieved a functional cure. More studies are needed to investigate human HBV (HuHBV), but the scarcity of animal models for HuHBV infection became a barrier. Recently, many studies have shown that Tupaia are suitable for the study of HuHBV. The purpose of this study was to develop a primary tupaia hepatocyte (PTH) culture from T. javanica, a species of Tupaia found in Indonesia, and to prove that HuHBV can replicate in the PTH.Method: In vitro experimental study using PTH isolated from five wild adult T. javanica in Primate Research Center, IPB University. HuHBV was taken from humans with HBsAg and HBV-DNA (+). PTH cells then were infected with HuHBV after reaching 80% confluence. Observation on PTH cells was done everyday for 20 days. Qualitative and quantitative HBsAg were measured using a CMIA while HBV-DNA and cccDNA were measured by RT-PCR.Results: A cytopathic effect was seen on day post infection (DPI)-16. HBsAg and HBV-DNA were detected from DPI-2 until DPI-18, with HBV-DNA level peaked on DPI-12. cccDNA concentration was fluctuating from DPI-2 until DPI-20 with highest level on DPI-16.Conclusion: HuHBV could infect and replicate in PTH from T. javanica can be infected with HuHBV and HuHBV can replicate in the PTH from T. javanica.
Effectiveness of immediate vs. delayed recall in detecting invalid performance in coached and uncoached simulators: Results of two experimental studies
Authors: Crișan Iulia , Sava Florin Alin , Maricuțoiu Laurențiu Paul
Published: January 2022

Objective: Two experimental studies were conducted to compare the ability of immediate and delayed recall indicators to discriminate between performances of simulators and full-effort clinical and nonclinical participants. Methods: Three groups of simulators (uncoached, symptom-coached, and testcoached), one group of community controls, and one group of cognitively impaired patients were assessed with four experimental memory tests, in which the immediate and delayed recall tasks were separated by three other tasks. Results: Across both studies, delayed recall demonstrated higher accuracy than immediate recall in classifying simulated performances as invalid, as compared to performances of bona fide clinical participants. ROC curve results showed sensitivities below 50% for both indicators at specificities of ≥ 90%. Computing performance curves across recall trials revealed descending trends for all three simulator groups indicating a suppressed learning effect as a marker of noncredible performances. Among types of coaching, test-coaching proved to decrease differences between simulators and patients. Discussion: The effectiveness of such indicators in clinical evaluations and their vulnerability to information about test-taking strategies are discussed.
Determination of the Antagonistic Effects of Some Rhizospheric Bacteria against Macrophomina phaseolina under In Vitro Conditions
Authors: Salman Özden , Bayram Fatma Rana , Boyraz Nuh , Koçak Raziye
Published: January 2022

Macrophomina phaseolina (Tassi) Goid. is a fungal pathogen causes charcoal rot disease (Sin: Rhizoctonia bataticola) and is responsible for significant yield losses in many plants. In our study, we aimed to evaluate the antagonistic ability of 39 different bacteria, isolated from the fields of sugar beet in 2019, against the pathogen Macrophomina phaseolina isolated from sugar beet, beans and chickpeas. Approximately 31% of the bacteria showed antibiosis effect against the pathogen. It was determined that the effectiveness level of Lelliottia amnigena, Bacillus atrophaeus, B.pumilus and B. cereus (7 isolates) was moderate to high against Macrophomina phaseolina. Bacillus atrophaeus (PTo15-1a) showed the highest efficacy of 80%, 72.94% and 82.35% against Macrophomina phaseolina of chickpea, bean and sugar beet respectively. Lelliottia amnigena (Pto 14-1b) was moderately effective (57.78%) against the chickpea isolate of the pathogen. It was observed that of the seven Bacillus cereus isolates used in the experiment, three isolates (Pto14-1a, Pto12-1b, Pto17-1b) were highly effective against the chickpea pathogen, two (Pto12-1b, Pto14-2b) against bean pathogen, and one (Pto15-1b) against sugar beet isolate. Results have shown varied level of antagonism by different test bacterial against different Macrophomina phaseolina isolates, while the highest level of antibiosis shown by Bacillus atrophaeus against all pathogenic isolates indicated that it can be a potential future bioagent in managing the disease.
Determination of Biocontrol Potential of Bacillus spp. and Stenotrophomonas sp. against Macrophomina phaseolina in Sunflower
Authors: Salman Özden , Koçak Raziye , Boyraz Nuh
Published: January 2022

Macrophomina phaseolina is a soil pathogen known as charcoal rot and can cause up to 90% yield loss in sunflower under suitable conditions. The serious damage caused by chemicals used in the control of soil-borne pathogens to the environment and health has become one of the most important concerns in agriculture. Therefore, in our study, it was aimed to determine the in vitro antagonistic effects of various bacterial species against M phaseolina. A total of 38 bacterial strains were isolated from soil samples in the rhizosphere of Malva sylvestris (hibiscus), Vicia sativa (vetch), Cicer arietinum (chickpea), Papaver rhoeas (weasel), Carlina marianum (thistle), Glebionis coronaria (crown daisy) and Vicia faba collected from Urla district of İzmir. All bacterial strains exhibited antibiosis effect under in vitro conditions, but it was determined that 5 bacterial isolates among them showed a high inhibition zone and showed an average inhibition potential ranging between 55% and 74%. The most effective bacteria identified at species and genus level by Maldi biotyping (MALDI-TOF MS) were identified as Bacillus amyloliquefaciens, Stenotrophomonas sp. and Bacillus cereus (3 isolates), and these species showed that they can be important biocontrol agents in biological control against M. phaseolina.
Determination of The Physical, Physio-Chemical and Chemical Properties of Gilaburu Fruits (Viburnum opulus) Dried by Convectional Drying Technique
Authors: Dal Fatma Fulya , Karacabey Erkan
Published: January 2022

Our country has many species in fruit and vegetable cultivation. One of them is Gilaburu fruit (Viburnum Opulus), which has spread to different regions, especially in Kayseri. Longer preservation of products in fruits and vegetables; Drying process has been applied since ancient times to prevent deterioration caused by microbial and/or biochemical changes. One of them and the most common one is convectional drying in other words drying in a drying chamber under controlled hot air stream. In this study, Gilaburu fruits were obtained from a local producer in Kayseri. Drying processes were carried out in a convectional oven at 60, 70 and 80℃ in three repetitions. The effects of different drying conditions on the drying characteristics of Gilaburu fruits were examined. Drying time for Gilaburu fruits decreased with increasing temperature. As a color parameter total color change with respective to fresh fruit (ΔΕ) was investigated. The results indicated that it remained almost identical with temperature change. Similar trend was observed for rehydration rate. Titration acidity and pH values showed compatible changes. With temperature increase, titration acidity increased, as pH decreased. As textural properties, skin-hardness and elasticity of dried fruits were measured. As hardness increased, elasticity decreased with temperature elevation. Total phenolic content and antioxidant activity of dried samples were also examined. The results showed that there were increases in both of them with an increase in temperature.
Gerbera Çiçeklerinin Vazo Ömrü Üzerinde Ceviz Çayı ve Mikrokapsüle Emdirilmiş Lavanta Yağının Etkisi
Authors: Yılmaz Güzella , Karadağ Hakan
Published: January 2022

In the study, it was aimed to increase the vase life of Basic, Ulaş and Terra Ozan cultivars of Gerbera sp. For this purpose, microcapsules containing lavender oil (1000 and 1500 ppm) and naturally obtained walnut tea (33% and 50%) were used. Sucrose (4%) was added to all vase solutions, including the control group solutions. The experiment was set up with 3 replications (three vases) for each treatment and one flower per replication. As a result of the experiment, it was observed that both walnut tea and lavender treatments did not cause a significant change in the vase life of the Terra Ozan cultivars. In the Basic cultivar, the vase life of the flowers in the solution containing lavender oil was longer than that in the solution containing walnut tea, but both treatments did not make a significant difference compared to the control. In Ulaş, both walnut tea and lavender oil applications caused significant increases in the vase life of the flowers. The applications made in the study caused significant changes in the water intake of the flower stems. The treatments that increase the water intake also increased the vase life.
Role of Pterostilbene in Metabolic Diseases through SIRT1 pathway- A Review
Authors: Patil Rashmi , Aswar Urmila
Published: January 2022

Pterostilbene (PTE) (3-5 dimethoxy-4-hydroxy-trans-stilbenes) is an analogue of resveratrol. It is extracted and isolated from a natural source of the heartwood of Pterocarpus marsupium Roxb., red grape skin, and blueberries (Vaccinium spp.). Substantial evidence suggested that PTE displayed numerous preventive and therapeutic properties in many metabolic disorders such as diabetes and obesity. Metabolic diseases result in Insulin resistance (IR) which advances to impaired sensitivity to insulin-mediated glucose disposal. The prominent role of SIRT (silent information regulator proteins) is now getting emphasized in metabolic disorders. SIRT1 represses Uncoupling protein 2 (UCP2) expressions which are further responsible for improving synthesis of ATP from glucose. This results in improving glucose utilization and insulin secretion, thus preventing IR. SIRT1 also exhibits prominent role in facilitating fatty acid mobilization thereby inhibiting adiposity. Metabolic disorders are therefore the consequences of SIRT1 downregulation. Pterostilbene, being a SIRT1 activator, increases insulin sensitivity reduces adiposity, therefore can prove to be beneficial in diabetes as well as obesity. The review summarizes therapeutic effects portrayed by Pterostilbene via the SIRT1 pathway in metabolic diseases.
The Essential Oil Components of Helichrysum pallasii Flowers
Authors: Yurteri Emine , Seyis Fatih , Kuplemez Haydar
Published: January 2022

The genus Helichrysum contains many species displaying therapeutical effects and use in folk medicine. Helichrysum pallasii (Spreng.) Ledeb. is one of these species, used in the region for traditional medicine and ornamental purposes. Plants have been used in the treatment in folk medicines since the earliest times of human history. Chemical composition, antimicrobial and other medicinal properties of plants are being investigated in laboratories throughout the world using the extracts and essential oils derived from medicinal plants. Essential oils are usually complex mixtures of natural compounds of both polar and apolar structure. Essential oils consist mainly of terpenoids and their oxygenated derivatives. Essential oils, which have antioxidant and antimicrobial activities, have therapeutic properties and are the raw materials of cosmetics, as well as acting as natural additives in foods and food products. In this study, the volatile components of the H. pallasii plants were investigated which collected from its natural habitat in the Armutlu district of Bayburt province (Turkey) at the time of flowering. The proportion of essential oils of the plant harvested during the full flowering period and the aromatic components in the essential oil of the plant were determined using the SPME (Solid Phase Microextraction) method in a Gas Chromatography (GC-MS) device. Almost 37 different components were found as a result of the analysis. The main components were found as α-Springene (34.89%), (-)-Isoledene (7.11%), δ-Selinene (5.79%) and Aristolene (5.09).
Determination of Fruit Cracking Rates in Some Pomegranate (Punica granatum L.) Genotypes Growed Non-Irrigated Conditions
Authors: Açar Emine , Cengiz Melike , Aka Kaçar Yıldız , Özgüven Ahsen Işık
Published: January 2022

Pomegranate (Punica granatum L.) is a tropical and subtropical climate plant with high economic value and nutritional content. Having valuable phytochemicals in terms of health caused an increase in demand for pomegranate consumption and this situation accelerated pomegranate production. However, global warming and climate changes are among the factors limiting the production of pomegranate. Especially abiotic stress factors caused by adverse ecological conditions cause significant economic losses in pomegranate production. Drought stress, which is one of these negativities, causes fruit cracking problem, which is one of the important problems in pomegranate production. Minimizing the fruit cracking problem, which causes economic losses, is possible by breeding varieties that are resistant to under non-irrigated conditions. Determining the resistance of the cultivars to be used in breeding programs against fruit cracking will allow the development of elite cultivars. For this purpose, it was aimed to determine the fruit cracking rates of 30 different pomegranate genotypes in the Pomegranate Genetic Collection of Çukurova University, Faculty of Agriculture, Department of Horticulture, under non-irrigated conditions. A correlation was made between the cracking rates of the genotypes and the amount of soluble solids content (SSC). According to the correlation analysis between the cultivars, there is no statistically significant difference between the SSC and the cracking rate. However, a weak negative correlation was determined between SSC-cracking rate (-0,1132). In the light of the pomological data obtained, it was determined that 8 pomegranate genotypes grown under non-irrigated conditions had a fruit cracking rate of 40 % - 85 %, cracking rates were below 10 % in 8 pomegranate genotypes and no fruit cracking was observed in 6 genotypes. As a result of the analysis, it was observed that drought stress was effective on the fruit cracking rate or the exacerbation of the fruit cracking rate, but the resistance level of some genotypes against the fruit cracking problem was high.