bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Aprendizagem de máquina na determinação de parâmetros de resistência de filitos brandos
Authors: Pinto Lívia Aparecida Gonçalves , Silva José Margarida da
Published: January 2023

Aspectos geológico-geotécnicos devem ser levados em consideração desde os estudos de exploração geológica, em empreendimentos mineiros.  Alguns acidentes ocorridos em minas, nas últimas décadas, poderiam ser evitados, caso as condições geológico-geotécnicas do maciço fossem compreendidas. Ainda existe grande dificuldade em se classificar alguns tipos de rochas, sobretudo as rochas consideradas brandas, por meio dos sistemas de classificação geomecânica conhecidos. A grande maioria das classificações existentes foram desenvolvidos baseadas em características de rochas duras. Para maciços rochosos pouco resistentes, é necessário adaptar os sistemas atuais ou desenvolver novos sistemas de classificação, que sejam específicos para maciços rochosos brandos praticamente contínuos. O objetivo deste artigo é propor a utilização de técnicas de Aprendizagem de Máquina para previsão de parâmetros geotécnicos de rochas brandas, especialmente filito. Foram utilizados dados históricos de resultados de ensaios geotécnicos de laboratório de rochas de minas do Quadrilátero Ferrífero, que, por meio da interação otimizada, e com auxílio de técnica de Inteligência Artificial, como a Rede Neural Artificial e Regressão Linear, sejam capazes de gerar resultados de interesse para análises de estabilidade e modelagens geotécnicas. Das técnicas utilizadas, resultados mostraram que o método de Regressão Linear se mostrou satisfatório na determinação de parâmetros de resistência de filitos brandos e com boas perspectivas de ampliação e utilização para outros parâmetros, assim como outros tipos de rochas.
Relação entre zumbido e audiometria de altas frequências: revisão narrativa em revistas científicas brasileiras
Authors: Cruz Cassiane Silva da , Calderaro Victor Goiris , Oliveira Andreia Ardevino de , Zuanetti Patrícia Aparecida , Simões Humberto de Oliveira
Published: January 2023

Objetivo: verificar a influência da audiometria de altas frequências (AAF), exame audiológico não contemplado nos diagnósticos convencionais, mas de grande importância na detecção precoce da perda auditiva, no diagnóstico e ou caracterização do zumbido. Bem como a relação do zumbido na proposta da avaliação audiológica com AAF. Métodos: realizou-se um rastreio bibliográfico em seis revistas científicas nacionais da fonoaudiologia e otorrinolaringologia, com vasta abrangência de indexações. Resultados: a partir da busca na literatura, foram identificadas 119 referências; sendo que a partir destas, foram examinados 66 resumos. Ao final da verificação dos artigos, apenas três estudos foram eleitos dentro dos critérios de inclusão. As amostras contemplavam sujeitos com queixa de zumbido e audição normal, disfunção temporomandibular e possível perda auditiva súbita. Foi possível observar que a metodologia dos estudos contemplava a avaliação da AAF e outros complementos, como emissões otoacústicas, acufenometria, avaliação comportamental do processamento auditivo e aplicação de questionários. Não foi possível identificar nos estudos uso de um protocolo estruturado de AAF, inclusive que referenciasse algum padrão de normalidade. Conclusão: Apesar de poucas publicações nessas revistas relacionados ao uso da AAF associado ao zumbido, os estudos apresentaram amostras de pacientes com zumbido que fazem jus a pluralidade deste sintoma, assim como a diversidade de avaliação auditiva voltada a pacientes com zumbido e normo-ouvintes.
Síndrome de Burnout em profissionais da área da saúde: uma revisão integrativa da literatura
Authors: Tibola Ana Júlia , Zardo Angélica , Souza Alesandra Perazzoli de , Borille Dayane Carla , Pinculini Ana Paula Gonçalves , Amaral Roberto Flores
Published: January 2023

A Síndrome de Burnout (SB) é compreendida como resultado de uma sobrecarga laboral excessiva, que se refletem principalmente nos profissionais de saúde. O tema em estudo, Burnout no Trabalho em profissionais da área da saúde, é atual e merece atenção, uma vez que afeta o bem-estar geral e influencia a experiência subjetiva que por sua vez afeta as decisões, atitudes e ações do indivíduo. O presente artigo tem o objetivo de compreender a influência da Síndrome de Burnout e suas implicações na Qualidade de Vida de profissionais de saúde discutir o Burnout no Ambiente de Trabalho de profissionais da área da saúde, suas causas, efeitos e evidencia a importância da qualidade de vida. Trata-se de um estudo exploratório, quantitativo e qualitativo de revisão integrativa realizado na base de dados da Biblioteca Virtual em Saúde (BVS) e PubMed. Foram encontrados 313 estudos e após aplicados os critérios de inclusão e exclusão, 31 estudos forma incluídos nesta pesquisa. A SB é um grave problema para os profissionais de saúde, gerando complicações que vão além do estresse emocional, desgastes físicos e interferem diretamente na diminuição na qualidade de vida dos profissionais. Foi possível evidenciar a relevância de ações ao combate a patologia e ações possíveis que impactam diretamente na melhora dos sintomas do Burnout a curto e longo prazo. Desta forma é necessário identificar os percursores desta síndrome, para compreendê-los, e assim promover intervenções que objetivem melhorar a qualidade de vida dos profissionais da saúde.
Epidemiologia do linfoma do Manto em um hospital de referência na Amazônia
Authors: Siqueira Vitória de Souza , Van den Berg Ana Virginia Soares
Published: January 2023

O linfoma de células do Manto é um linfoma não Hodgkin (LNH) de células B maduras raro e agressivo com taxas de sobrevida a longo prazo historicamente baixas. O objetivo do estudo foi traçar o perfil epidemiológico dos pacientes diagnosticados com Linfoma de Células do Manto atendidos em um hospital oncológico de referência. Foi realizado um estudo observacional, descritivo com delineamento transversal, com análise de prontuários hospitalares. A maioria dos pacientes era do sexo masculino, encontrava-se na faixa etária entre os 60 e 69 anos e no estadiamento IV. Houve um predomínio de pacientes com sintomas B. Em termos laboratoriais, os pacientes apresentavam elevação de desidrogenase láctica e de leucometria. Não foi identificada correlação entre idade, desidrogenase láctica e leucometria com a mortalidade, em contrapartida, houve uma correlação positiva com o estadiamento. Todos os indivíduos apresentaram estratificação MIPI de alto risco. Todas as terapias de primeira linha foram baseadas em quimioterapia associada ao anticorpo monoclonal anti-CD20 – Rituximabe. As terapias de segunda linha utilizadas foram: DHAP e GDP. Metade dos enfermos foram submetidos a uma segunda linha de tratamento. 100% dos pacientes estudados não realizaram o transplante autólogo, o que pode ter influenciado no status dos pacientes em que 60% evoluíram a óbito. Estudos futuros são necessários para estabelecer o impacto na sobrevida dos pacientes a partir de modificações na terapêutica aplicada como aumento da exposição ao transplante autólogo ou uso de inibidores covalentes de tirosina quinase de Bruton (BTK).
Nephrolithiasis in a giant Pacific octopus Enteroctopus dofleini
Authors: Hughes SM , Dunker F , LaDouceur E
Published: January 2023

Managed care of cephalopods can be complicated by numerous factors including infectious and non-infectious disease, environmental stressors, and anatomic and physiological changes associated with senescence. The current report describes a unique case of nephrolithiasis in a senescent, >2 yr old female Pacific octopus Enteroctopus dofleini housed in a public aquarium. Clinical signs included generalized external pallor, inappetence progressing to anorexia, lethargy, and a slow healing mantle abrasion over a period of a year. Due to the animal’s declining condition, humane euthanasia was elected. At necropsy, multiple, small, approximately 1-5 mm diameter crystalline deposits were reported throughout all sections of the renal appendages. Histopathology identified a large crystal expanding and rupturing a focal tubule, causing necrosis, ulceration, and hemocytic infiltration. Crystalline stone analysis revealed that the nephrolith was composed of 100% ammonium acid urate. Additional changes to the digestive gland included marked atrophy with fibrosis correlated to the animal’s history of hyporexia/anorexia secondary to senescence. To our knowledge, this is the first report of nephrolithiasis in E. dofleini.
Variability of plankton production during the spring bloom in NW Iberia
Authors: García-García LM , Ruiz-Villarreal M
Published: January 2023

A coupled physical (Regional Ocean Modeling System, ROMS)-biogeochemical model (N2PZD2) at a horizontal resolution of 3.5 km was implemented for N and NW Iberia, an area of high productivity associated with upwelling. The physical model has been the object of previous studies and has proven its capability to perform well in reproducing the main oceanographic features in the area (upwelling, river plumes, slope currents, fronts, filaments), which is fundamental to properly representing the variability and distribution of the biogeochemical variables. The biogeochemical model was set up to account for the main nutrient inputs in the area: upwelling and rivers. Upwelling input required proper characterization of the nutrient content variability of the Eastern North Atlantic Central Water, which was achieved by using a temperature-nitrate relationship obtained from observations to impose nitrate at the open boundaries. The resulting biophysical model accurately reproduced the timing and interannual variability of the spring bloom compared with satellite chlorophyll (chl a) observations. A comparison with the Instituto Español de Oceanografía’s in situ spring-monitoring Pelacus cruises (which include plankton) revealed that the model was able to reproduce the variability at shorter scales (days) and demonstrated its ability to complement the observational data and reveal the variability in the area around the spring transition. In this respect, both the model and observations showed that productivity on this narrow shelf is affected by seasonal upwelling that results from the interplay of wind, river plumes and light intensity, all varying at interannual, seasonal and event scales.
Cytokines and Inflammatory Mediators in Systemic Lupus Erythematosus
Authors: Rojas Manuel , Rodríguez Yhojan , Leon Kelly Joan , Pacheco Yovana , Acosta-Ampudia Yeny , Monsalve Diana M. , Ramírez-Santana Carolina , Anaya Juan-Manuel
Published: January 2023

Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) is an autoimmune disease characterised by a breakdown in immune tolerance that induces an attack on normal tissues by the immune system. The dysfunction within both the innate and adaptive immune systems increases cytokine production, B lymphocytic overproduction of autoantibodies, and T lymphocyte activity. Cytokines and inflammatory mediators have been associated with several clinical endpoints, including the activity of disease and outcomes. In fact, some of them have been associated with different clinical subphenotypes (e.g., lupus nephritis), suggesting their role as biomarkers, and, in some cases, therapeutic targets. Thus, knowledge of the pathophysiological processes associated with the development of SLE could aid in setting up better diagnostic and therapeutic approaches to reduce the high burden of disease, and thus improve quality of life and outcomes. Herein, the authors have compiled a concise review of the clinically relevant cytokines and inflammatory mediators associated with SLE and its manifestations.
Switching to Biosimilars in Inflammatory Rheumatic Conditions: Current Knowledge
Authors: Araújo Filipe C. , Eurico Fonseca Joao Eurico , Goncalves Joao
Published: January 2023

Biosimilars are more affordable versions of previously approved biopharmaceuticals that are designed to reduce healthcare expenditure and increase patient access to this therapeutic class. To achieve their economic potential, many European countries have started to switch patients from reference drugs to biosimilars. The purpose of this article is to provide a comprehensive perspective on the biosimilar switching controversy, to assess interchangeability regulation and switching policies, and to review current evidence on switching and immunogenicity in the context of inflammatory rheumatic conditions. Patients and physicians feel uncertain about switching highly complex and difficult-to-replicate biosimilars of monoclonal antibodies due to a theoretical risk of increased immunogenicity, especially in extrapolated indications and in a multiple switch scenario involving various biosimilars. However, past experience with smaller biosimilars (somatropin, filgrastim, epoetin), the high standards required for approval of biosimilars of monoclonal antibodies in the European market, and current evidence on switching to infliximab and etanercept biosimilars (especially CT-P13 and SB4) are reassuring. Furthermore, no increased immunogenicity has been reported after switching to biosimilars. Decisions on switching and interchangeability are not covered by the European Medical Agency (EMA) guidelines and are left to individual European states, as opposed to the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA), which has set standards to assess interchangeability. In summary, current knowledge is in favour of switching to biosimilars but the authors consider that this should be a physician-led decision with the active contribution of patients and hospital pharmacists to the pharmacovigilance chain.
JAK Inhibitors in the Treatment Algorithm of Rheumatoid Arthritis: A Review
Authors: Bellinvia Salvatore , Edwards Christopher J.
Published: January 2023

Biological disease-modifying antirheumatic drugs have defined a new era in rheumatoid arthritis (RA) management but share the limitation of antagonising single inflammatory cytokines or cells, as well as being either intravenously or subcutaneously administered. Following advances in the understanding of signalling pathways, the introduction of orally administered small molecules targeting key downstream intracellular factors constitutes a major breakthrough since the advent of biologics. JAK inhibition is a novel approach for treating RA and a series of agents directed against JAK have been developed for clinical use, paving the way for an innovative approach to treatment and the addition of a new class of targeted synthetic disease-modifying antirheumatic drugs to the available therapeutic armamentarium. Clinicians must now consider the place of these drugs in disease management. This review summarises the impact of JAK inhibitors and their role in the treatment algorithm of RA.
Knee Infection After Anterior Cruciate Ligament Reconstruction
Authors: Barahona Vasquez Maximiliano , Hinzpeter Jaime , Zamorano Alvaro
Published: January 2023

Knee infection is a challenging scenario. One way to classify the infection would be as spontaneous or post-surgery, the latter having a particular relevance given the presence of synthetic materials such as screws or prostheses surrounding the joint. Open surgery has a higher rate of infection than arthroscopic procedures. Periprosthetic infection is a complication that follows arthroplasty, with an incidence that varies between 0.4% and 2.0%, while arthroscopic procedures have an incidence varying between 0.001% and 1.100%. Anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) reconstruction complication rate is low, with septic arthritis one of the most frequently seen. Early diagnosis of complications is vital to improve functional outcome. In these cases, knee pain, decreased range of motion, fever, and high C-reactive protein levels should alert any physician, and infection must not be ruled out. This article presents a case of infection after ACL reconstruction and discusses risk factors, treatment choice, antibiotic treatment length, and functional outcomes, proposing a guide for the treatment. The clinical case presented is a chronic infection due to Staphylococcus aureus that resulted in extensive cartilage damage and graft loosening; delayed diagnosis was an essential modifiable risk factor in this case. Treatment success is defined as the eradication of the infection without the need to remove the ACL graft. Risk factors for a worse outcome after ACL reconstruction infection are allograft compared to autograft and S. aureus or polymicrobial infection compared to coagulase-negative staphylococcus infection. Functional outcome is compromised by infection; however, if early diagnosis and treatment are performed, good functional results and a return to sports activities can be expected.
Fine-Tuning the Treatment of Psoriatic Arthritis: Focus on the IL-23 Pathway
Authors: Breuer Megan
Published: January 2023

The symposium ‘Fine-tuning the treatment of PsA: Focus on the IL-23 pathway’ took place during the 2019 European League Against Rheumatism (EULAR) Annual Congress in Madrid, Spain. The presentations covered the rationale for targeting IL-23 in psoriatic arthritis (PsA), details of the IL-23 pathway relevant to psoriatic disease, practical implications and consequences of targeting IL-23, and experiences of targeting IL-23 in psoriasis from the dermatologists’ perspective.

Dr Stefan Siebert set the scene by outlining the pathophysiology of psoriatic diseases, particularly PsA, describing disease heterogeneity, explaining the role of inflammation, and highlighting the rationale for targeting the IL-12/23 pathway. He summarised key findings on the IL-12/23 inhibitor ustekinumab in PsA from clinical trials and real-world data available to date.

Delving deeper into the IL-23 pathway, Prof Georg Schett explained the function of IL-23 and its role in inflammatory disease and autoimmunity. After briefly describing the history of the relatively recent discovery of this cytokine, Prof Schett discussed preclinical and clinical studies underlying today’s understanding of IL-23 and why it is an appropriate target in PsA.

Multiple biologic or small-molecule treatments for PsA have been investigated in clinical trials. Prof Peter Taylor discussed the practical implications of targeting IL-23 and provided more details about the specific effects of targeting not only IL-23 (with risankizumab, tildrakizumab, or guselkumab) but also IL-12/23 (with ustekinumab) and IL-17 (with ixekizumab, secukinumab, or brodalumab).

In the final presentation, Prof Lluís Puig described clinical experience of targeting IL-23 in psoriasis and provided an overview of findings from several clinical trials, including: VOYAGE 1 and 2 (guselkumab versus the TNF inhibitor [TNFi] adalimumab); NAVIGATE (guselkumab versus ustekinumab); and the head-to-head ECLIPSE study (guselkumab versus secukinumab).

The symposium concluded with a lively panel discussion in which the speakers addressed a variety of questions and comments from the audience.
Drilling Down to the Bone: Evaluating Bone Marrow Lesions in Osteoarthritis
Authors: Sofat Nidhi
Published: January 2023

Osteoarthritis (OA) is the most prevalent form of arthritis worldwide and affects the whole joint. Changes in cartilage integrity, subchondral bone, and synovitis are recognised during OA progression. Although advances have been made in our understanding of OA pathophysiology, there are no current treatments that halt the progression of the disease. Treatments are largely based on physical therapies to improve joint function, anti-inflammatory agents to manage pain, and joint replacement surgery for late-stage disease in large weight-bearing joints. There is, therefore, an urgent need to better understand OA pathophysiology, which could help in the development of new treatments. The aim of this article is to review the evidence for structural correlates of pain and reduced joint function in OA; the data available for different joint compartments, including cartilage, bone, and the synovium, and their association with symptoms of OA are summarised and the use of imaging tools in assisting the understanding of OA pathophysiology is discussed. In recent years, more advanced imaging techniques, including MRI, have led to an improved understanding of changes at the bone–cartilage interface in OA, with a recognition that loss of integrity at this junction and development of bone marrow lesions (BML) in the subchondral bone are associated with OA pain in large epidemiological studies. One of the main challenges in OA BML research has been identifying the structural characteristics and patterns of gene and protein expression. Gene analyses of BML have demonstrated that they are highly metabolically active structures, providing evidence of angiogenesis, new bone and cartilage formation, and expression of neurotrophic factors. Findings from genomic and proteomic studies of BML, which are discussed in this review, have contributed to the identification of new molecular targets and an increase in our understanding of OA pathophysiology.
Algae of waterbodies and terrestrial habitats in ecosystems of South Taiga (Koygorodskiy National Park, Komi Republic)
Authors: Shabalina Julia N. , Patova Elena N. , Novakovskaya Irina V. , Sterlyagova Irina N.
Published: January 2023

The first data on algae from some aquatic and terrestrial ecosystems of the southern taiga on the territory of the Koigorodsky National Park (Komi Republic, Russia) showed a fairly diverse composition of these organisms: in the aquatic ecosystems of the park, 194 taxa were identified with intraspecific varieties and forms from six divisions with a significant predominance of representatives Bacillariophyta (68%); in forest phytocenoses, 27 taxa with a rank below the genus of soil algae from four divisions and seven classes were found, mainly from the Chlorophyta division (63%). Three new species of soil algae were found for the European northeast: Phormidium coutinhoi J.Sampaio, Chlamydomonas cf. inepta Ettl, cf. Kentrosphaera sp.
Soil algology in the research of Nikolaj N. Bolyshev
Authors: Dorokhova Marina F.
Published: January 2023

The article presents the main results of soil-cyanobacteria and algae interaction studies conducted by pedologist N.N. Bolyshev in collaboration with leading Soviet algologists in the period from 1944 to 1972. The contribution of these studies to the development of ideas about the algal-cyanobacterial communities of the main zonal soils in USSR, their connection with the main soil processes and their role in soil formation is shown.
Directions of Desire: Reading the Adolescent Body
Authors: Kokkola Lydia
Published: January 2023

In Queer Phenomenology, Sara Ahmed discusses the spatial dimensions of orientation, asking not only ‘What does it mean to be oriented?’ but also ‘What does it mean for sexuality to be lived as oriented? What difference does it make what or who we are oriented toward in the very direction of our desire?’ (1). This article uses Ahmed's idea of sexual orientation as a form of way-finding to consider how masturbation might be considered a form of orientation that is particularly relevant for teenagers learning to understand their pubescent bodies and their desires. The concept is developed through an analysis of how Emilia – the teenage protagonist of the Finnish novel Huhtikuun Puutarha [April garden] by Leena Leskinen – uses her desire to find her way. The novel contains several erotic descriptions of sexual acts, designed to titillate the readers of the novel. Drawing on research within the field of embodied cognition, the article concludes with an examination of how the written word stimulates the body. The aim is to see how onanistic reading is promoted in Finnish YA fiction and to suggest that erotica for teens has many benefits.
How Gender Can Travel, or Not, through Children’s Books: A Comparison of Poland and the United States
Authors: Zabrzewska Adrianna
Published: January 2023

Previous research, mainly from the US, indicates that children’s literature is a powerful transmitter of gender roles. To better understand how ideas about gender found in children’s books cross national borders, travel within frontiers, and crash against obstacles that block the road to gender equality, this article compares the US and Poland in terms of children’s book publishing and scholarship. Whereas the US children’s book market is obviously larger, Poland’s internal market is large and growing enough to rely on its own, and thus acts as a barricade to repel ‘foreign’ gender norms. In the US, feminism has a strong tradition in children’s literature research; in Poland, by contrast and since 1989, feminism and the study of gender in children’s books have no strong tradition, and for the last eight years the government has openly discouraged progressive norms of gender equality. This article concludes with a call for cross-national comparative research on children’s books to provide insights into the facilitators and barriers to intercultural exchange of gender ideologies and national efforts to promote gender progressive ideals among young readers.
THE SOCIAL SKILLS OF CHILDREN AND THE CONTENTS THEY WATCH: REFLECTIONS OF THE PANDEMIC PROCESS
Authors: GÜZELYURT Tuğçe , ARSLAN Hande Hasibe
Published: January 2023

The preschool period is the period in which the child's social skills develop. During this period the child adapts to new environmentand acquires social environment requirements. As distance education rates increased in the Covid-19 epidemic, the social skills expected to be gained by children were adversely affected. In this process, usage of technological tools increased considerably. Thisresearch’s aim is to examine the reflection of the contents that children watch/use during the pandemic process on their social skills in line with family viewswith qualitative survey model and phenomenology design. The study group consists of 25 parents determined by easily accessible situation sampling, whose child receives preschool education (only distance, only face-to-face, distance and face-to-face) in Şırnak provinceThe research datawas collected through interviews and analyzed with descriptive and content analysis techniques. In the research, in line with the participants’ opinionsand research questions six themes were determined as: "Demographic characteristics", "Screen time", "Technological tools used", "Platforms used", "Contents watched/used", "Reflection of contents on social skills". As the result, it has beendetermined that the separation of children from education and friend environment during the pandemic period caused technology usage increaseand negatively affected their social skills.
Perspectives of American Indian/Alaska Native Mental Health Practitioners on Psychological Distress, Social Support, and Wellness
Authors: Eagle Baez Mark Standing
Published: January 2023

Objective: This quantitative research study employed a correlational design to determine if there is an association between social support, psychological distress, and wellness among American Indian and Alaska Native mental health practitioners (AI/ANMHPs).
Methods: A quantitative correlational approach examined to what extent a relationship exists between social support, psychological distress, and wellness among mental health practitioners who are Native American. The variable of psychological distress was measured by the Outcome Questionnaire 45 (OQ-45.2), the variable of social support was measured by the Multidimensional Scale of Social Support (MSPSS), the variable and the variable of wellness was measured using the Five Factor Wellness Inventory (5F-WEL).
Results: The sample comprised 95 AI/ANMHPs in the United States. A Spearman’s rank-order correlation was used to explore the relationship between social support and psychological distress (RQ1) and social support and wellness (RQ2) among AI/ANMHPs. The results of the study indicate a statistically significant negative correlation between social support and psychological distress (rs= -0.386, p < .001) and a statistically significant positive correlation between social support and wellness (rs = 0.439, p < .001).
Conclusions: The current study found two statistically significant correlations. Social support was statistically significantly negatively correlated with psychological distress, and social support was statistically significantly positively correlated with overall wellness. These findings suggest that as the NAMHPs perceive more social support, their psychological distress decreases; so, NAMHPs need more culturally responsive support if they want to manage distress.
Socialtjänsten som en hållbar kunskapsorganisation
Authors: Avby Gunilla , Melke Anna
Published: January 2023

Social Services as a sustainable knowledge organization: from vision to reality? 

The imminent Social Services Act is expected to stipulate that decision-making should be "in accordance with scientific evidence and proven experience". If the proposal is fulfilled, the Act will contain requirements similar to existing acts in other welfare sectors, such as requirements for increased systematic follow-ups, developmental work and the use of knowledge from various knowledge sources. These are characteristics that symbolize a practice that both uses verified knowledge and develops new knowledge by testing, documenting and evaluating new ideas and working methods in a systematic process in everyday life. In this article, we argue that the goal presupposes an aspiration towards a knowledge organization; therefore we want to contribute with an analysis of what this means for social services.

The “knowledge-seeking social worker” is a key actor in the transition towards a knowledge organization, because it is in the everyday social work practice, that is, the interactions between the social worker and the client, that the knowledge organization largely becomes visible. However, a large-scale transition towards a sustainable knowledge organization cannot depend on only professionals and their ability to engage clients in work processes, it will require changes at a system level, where actors in politics, academia and practice take responsibility for future investments. This article highlights four areas of importance: 1) co-ordination of research and practice, 2) continuing education to build expert knowledge and broaden career paths, 3) development of political ownership for quality and direction, and 4) organization and management for knowledge use and knowledge development.
Soil Health, Energy Budget, and Rice Productivity as Influenced by Cow Products Application With Fertilizers Under South Asian Eastern Indo-Gangetic Plains Zone
Authors: Upadhyay Pravin Kumar , Sen Avijit , Singh Yashwant , Singh Ram Kumar , Prasad Saroj Kumar , Sankar Ardith , Singh Vinod Kumar , Dutta S. K. , Kumar Rakesh , Rathore Sanjay Singh , Shekhawat Kapila , Babu Subhash , Singh Rajiv Kumar , Kumar Bipin , Dey Abir , Rajanna G. A. , Kulshekaran Ramesh
Published: January 2023

The comprehensive use of organic, inorganic, and biological components of nutrient management in rice ecologies can potentially address the twin challenges of declining factor productivity and deteriorating soil health. A field study was thus conducted at Varanasi, India during the year 2013–14 and 2014–15 to assess the effect of the recommended dose of fertilizers (RDF) along with cow product (blends of 5 cow by-products i.e., dung, ghee, curd, urine, and milk that is known aspanchagavya) on soil health, energy budget, and rice productivity. The results revealed that the inclusion ofpanchagavya asseedling root dip + 6% spray at 30 days after transplanting (DAT) + an application with irrigation water (15 l ha−1) at 60 DAT (D4) along with 100% RDF (F3) noted significantly higher rice grain yield (6.34 t ha−1) and higher dehydrogenase activity. However, the soil bacterial and actinomycetes population, soil microbial biomass carbon (SMBC), urease, and alkaline phosphatase activities were significantly higher with D4along with 120% RDF (F4). Carbon output (5,608 kg CO2eq ha−1), energy use parametersviz. energy output (187,867 MJ ha−1), net energy returns (164,319 MJ ha−1), and energy intensity valuation (5.08 MJ x) were significantly higher under F4. However, the energy ratio (8.68), energy productivity (0.292 kg MJ−1), and energy profitability (7.68) remained highest with 80% RDF (F2), while the highest carbohydrate equivalent yield (4,641 kg mha−1) was produced under F3. The combination of F3with D4resulted in the highest productivity, optimum energy balance, and maintaining soil quality. Therefore, a judicious combination of cow product (panchagavya)with RDF was found to improve the rice productivity, energy profitability, and soil quality under south Asian eastern Indo-Gangetic Plains (IGPs).
Differences between peptide profiles of extensive hydrolysates and their influence on functionality for the management of cow's milk allergy: A short review
Authors: Goh Anne , Muhardi Leilani , Ali Adli , Liew Woei Kang , Estrada-Reyes Elizabeth , Zepeda-Ortega Benjamin , Kudla Urszula , van Neerven R. J. Joost , Ulfman Laurien H. , Lambers Tim T. , Warner John O.
Published: January 2023

Extensively hydrolyzed formulas (eHFs) are recommended for the dietary management of cow's milk protein allergy (CMPA) in non-exclusively breastfed infants. Studies show that peptide profiles differ between eHFs. This short review aims to highlight the variability in peptides and their ability to influence allergenicity and possibly the induction of tolerance by different eHFs. The differences between eHFs are determined by the source of the protein fraction (casein or whey), peptide size-distribution profile and residual β-lactoglobulin which is the most immunogenic and allergenic protein in bovine milk for human infants as it is not present in human breastmilk. These differences occur from the hydrolyzation process which result in variable IgE reactivity against cow's milk allergen epitopes by subjects with CMPA and differences in the Th1, Th2 and pro-inflammatory cytokine responses elicited. They also have different effects on gut barrier integrity. Results suggest that one particular eHF-casein had the least allergenic potential due to its low residual allergenic epitope content and demonstrated the greatest effect on restoring gut barrier integrity by its effects on mucin 5AC, occludin and Zona Occludens-1 in human enterocytes. It also increased the production of the tolerogenic cytokines Il-10 and IFN-γ. In addition, recent studies documented promising effects of optional functional ingredients such as pre-, pro- and synbiotics on the management of cow's milk allergy and induction of tolerance, in part via the induction of the production of short chain fatty acids. This review highlights differences in the residual allergenicity, peptide size distribution, presence of optional functional ingredients and overall functionality of several well-characterized eHFs which can impact the management of CMPA and the ability to induce immune tolerance to cow's milk protein.
Immunometabolic factors contributing to obesity-linked hepatocellular carcinoma
Authors: Akl May G. , Widenmaier Scott B.
Published: January 2023

Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is a major public health concern that is promoted by obesity and associated liver complications. Onset and progression of HCC in obesity is a multifactorial process involving complex interactions between the metabolic and immune system, in which chronic liver damage resulting from metabolic and inflammatory insults trigger carcinogenesis-promoting gene mutations and tumor metabolism. Moreover, cell growth and proliferation of the cancerous cell, after initiation, requires interactions between various immunological and metabolic pathways that provide stress defense of the cancer cell as well as strategic cell death escape mechanisms. The heterogenic nature of HCC in addition to the various metabolic risk factors underlying HCC development have led researchers to focus on examining metabolic pathways that may contribute to HCC development. In obesity-linked HCC, oncogene-induced modifications and metabolic pathways have been identified to support anabolic demands of the growing HCC cells and combat the concomitant cell stress, coinciding with altered utilization of signaling pathways and metabolic fuels involved in glucose metabolism, macromolecule synthesis, stress defense, and redox homeostasis. In this review, we discuss metabolic insults that can underlie the transition from steatosis to steatohepatitis and from steatohepatitis to HCC as well as aberrantly regulated immunometabolic pathways that enable cancer cells to survive and proliferate in the tumor microenvironment. We also discuss therapeutic modalities targeted at HCC prevention and regression. A full understanding of HCC-associated immunometabolic changes in obesity may contribute to clinical treatments that effectively target cancer metabolism.
Genetically engineered pigs for xenotransplantation: Hopes and challenges
Authors: Xi Jiahui , Zheng Wei , Chen Min , Zou Qingjian , Tang Chengcheng , Zhou Xiaoqing
Published: January 2023

The shortage of donor resources has greatly limited the application of clinical xenotransplantation. As such, genetically engineered pigs are expected to be an ideal organ source for xenotransplantation. Most current studies mainly focus on genetically modifying organs or tissues from donor pigs to reduce or prevent attack by the human immune system. Another potential organ source is interspecies chimeras. In this paper, we reviewed the progress of the genetically engineered pigs from the view of immunologic barriers and strategies, and discussed the possibility and challenges of the interspecies chimeras.
Comprehensive analysis of the prognosis and immune infiltrates for the BET protein family reveals the significance of BRD4 in glioblastoma multiforme
Authors: Ye Yintao , Zhong Wei , Qian Junqiang , Zhang Jie , Xu Tingting , Han Ruyi , Han Jiangeng , Wang Chunwei , Song Lichao , Zeng Xianwei , Wang Hong
Published: January 2023

Background: Glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) is the most common and invasive primary central nervous system tumor. The prognosis after surgery, radiation and chemotherapy is very poor. Bromodomain (BRD) proteins have been identified in oncogenic rearrangements, and play a key role in the development of multiple cancers. However, the relationship between BET proteins and prognosis of GBM are still worth exploring, and the distinct functions of BET proteins and tumor immunology in GBM have not been fully elucidated. Therefore, it is particularly important to develop effective biomarkers to predict the prognosis of GBM patients.

Methods: Metascape, David, Kaplan-Meier Plotter, Oncomine, GEPIA, TCGA, TIMER, and LinkedOmics databases were used to assess the expression and prognosis for BET proteins in GBM. ROC analysis of risk model was established to identify the correlation between BET genes and overall survival in GBM patients. TIMER and GEPIA databases were used to comprehensively investigate the correlation between BET genes and tumor immune infiltration cells. Moreover, the image of immunohistochemistry staining of BET proteins in normal tissue and tumor tissue were retrived from the HPA database. In addition, differential analysis and pathway enrichment analysis of BRD4 gene expression profile were also carried out. Finally, immune-fluorescence and Western blot were used to clarify the expression of BRD4 in GBM cells.

Results: Bioinformatics analysis showed that the expression levels of BET genes in GBM may play an important role in oncogenesis. Specifically, bioinformatic and immunohistochemistry analysis showed that BRD4 protein was more highly expressed in tumor tissues than that in normal tissues. The high expression of BRD4 was associated with poor prognosis in GBM. The expression of BET genes were closely related to the immune checkpoint in GBM. The correlation effect of BRD4 was significantly higher than other BET genes, which represented negative correlation with immune checkpoint. The expression of BRD4 was positively associated with tumor purity, and negatively associated with immune infiltration abundance of macrophage, neutrophil and CD8+ T-cell, respectively. Cox analysis showed that the model had good survival prediction and prognosis discrimination ability. In addition, the expression levels of BRD4 protein was significantly higher in U-251 MG cells than that in normal cells, which was consistent with the results of bioinformatics data.

Conclusion: This study implied that BRD4 could be hopeful prognostic biomarker in GBM. The increased expression of BRD4 may act as a molecular marker to identify GBM patients with high-risk subgroups. BRD4 may be a valuable prognostic biomarker, and a potential target of precision therapy against GBM.
Expression profiling analysis reveals key microRNA–mRNA interactions in patients with transposition of the great arteries and systemic left and right ventricles
Authors: Abu-Halima Masood , Wagner Viktoria , Rishik Shusruto , Raedle-Hurst Tanja , Meese Eckart , Abdul-Khaliq Hashim
Published: January 2023

Background

Patients with transposition of the great arteries (TGA) have different connected systemic chambers and this determines the long-term morbidities and survival. Limited findings have been reported to systematically identify miRNA and mRNA expression levels in such cohorts of patients. In this study, we aimed to characterize miRNAs, mRNAs, and miRNA–mRNA interaction networks in patients with TGA, with a systemic left (LV) and right ventricle (RV).

Materials and methods

Large panel of human miRNA and mRNA microarrays were conducted to determine the genome-wide expression profiles in the blood of 16 TGA-RV patients, 16 TGA-LV patients, and 16 age and gender-matched controls. Using real-time quantitative PCR (RT-qPCR), the differential expression level of a single miRNA was validated. Enrichment analyses of altered miRNA and mRNA expression levels were identified using bioinformatics tools.

Results

Altered miRNA and mRNA expression levels were observed between TGA-RV and TGA-LV patients, together or separated, compared to controls. Among the deregulated miRNAs and mRNAs, 39 and 101 miRNAs were identified as significantly differentially expressed in patients with TGA (both TGA-RV and TGA-LV) and TGA-RV, when compared to matched controls. Furthermore, 51 miRNAs were identified as significantly differentially expressed in patients with TGA-RV when compared to patients with TGA-LV. RT-qPCR relative expression level was highly consistent with microarray analysis results. Similarly, 36 and 164 mRNAs were identified as significantly differentially expressed in patients with TGA (both TGA-RV and TGA-LV) and TGA-RV, when compared to matched controls. Additionally, miR-140-3p showed a higher expression level in patients with overt heart failure (FC = 1.54; P = 0.001) and miR-502-3p showed a higher expression level in patients died due to cardiac death (FC = 1.41; P = 0.011). Integrative analysis resulted in 21 and 23 target genes with higher and lower expression levels, respectively (r ≥ 0.50 and P < 0.05). These target genes (i.e., 21 and 23 target genes) showed an inverse direction of regulation with miRNA and exhibited a miRNA binding site position within the 3′UTR of the target gene.

Conclusion

Our findings provide new insights into a potential molecular biomarker(s) for patients with TGA that may guide better risk stratification and the development of novel targeting therapies. Future studies are needed to investigate the potential significance of miRNAs and mRNAs in TGA-related cardiovascular diseases.
Association between radiotherapy and risk of death from cardiovascular diseases in lung and bronchus cancer
Authors: Yi Zhong , Zhang Yu , Wang Yu , Gao Yun , Wang Yanhong , Li Xiangnan , Ru Songwei , Guo Na , Qiu Jingxuan , Zhang Meng
Published: January 2023

Background

Radiotherapy plays an important role in the treatment of lung cancer. However, radiation-related deaths from cardiovascular disease (CVD) are a concern in these patients, and few studies have examined CVD-related death associated with lung cancer. We aimed to evaluate the risk of CVD-related death after radiotherapy in patients with lung and bronchus cancer.

Methods

Data were extracted from the surveillance, epidemiology, and end results database. Propensity score matching (PSM) was applied to reduce possible bias between patients who received radiotherapy and those who did not. The Kaplan–Meier method was used to estimate cardiovascular-specific survival (CVSS), and the log-rank test was used to compare CVSS between the radiotherapy and no radiotherapy groups. Cox proportional hazards regression analysis was performed to estimate the hazard ratio (HR) of CVD-related death.

Results

A total of 225,570 patients with lung and bronchus cancer were included, and 201,282 patients remained after PSM. Radiotherapy was identified as an independent risk factor for CVSS among patients with lung and bronchus cancer before PSM (HR: 1.18, P < 0.001) and after PSM (HR: 1.18, P < 0.001). Patients treated with radiotherapy had a significantly worse CVSS than those who did not receive radiotherapy before PSM (25-year CVSS: 49.9 vs. 56.4%, P = 0.002) and after PSM (25-year CVSS: 48.4 vs. 56.7%, P < 0.001). Radiotherapy was associated with more deaths from heart disease before PSM (81.9 vs. 77.2%, P < 0.001) and after PSM (83.0 vs. 78.7%, P < 0.001).

Conclusion

Radiotherapy is associated with an increased risk of CVD-related death, especially death from heart disease, in patients with lung and bronchus cancer. More efforts are needed to monitor cardiovascular health after radiotherapy.
The value of HDL subfractions in predicting cardiovascular outcomes in untreated, diabetic patients with stable coronary artery disease: An age- and gender-matched case-control study
Authors: Zhang Wei , Jin Jing-Lu , Zhang Hui-Wen , Zhu Ya-Xin , Dong Qian , Sun Jing , Guo Yuan-Lin , Dou Ke-Fei , Xu Rui-Xia , Li Jian-Jun
Published: January 2023

Objective

The aim of the present study was to examine the value of high-density lipoprotein (HDL) subfractions for predicting cardiovascular events (CVEs) in untreated type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) patients with stable coronary artery disease (SCAD) using an age- and gender-matched case-control study.

Methods

In total, 185 SCAD patients and 185 T2DM patients with SCAD were enrolled and subjected to a clinical follow-up of CVEs. HDL subfractions were analyzed using the Quantimetrix Lipoprint System. The relationship between HDL subfractions and CVEs in T2DM patients with SCAD was evaluated by Kaplan–Meier analysis and Cox proportional hazard models.

Results

During a median 37.7-month follow-up, T2DM patients with SCAD had a higher percentage of CVEs compared to SCAD patients (p=0.039). The concentration of the combined intermediate and small HDL-C subfraction (defined as the mixed HDL subfraction) was related to the event incidence in T2DM patients with SCAD (p=0.004), and it was positively associated with increased CVEs even after adjustment in three models. Kaplan-Meier curve analysis indicated that T2DM patients with SCAD in the high mixed HDL subfraction group (>28 mg/dL) had lower event-free survival rates (p=0.008).

Conclusions

Elevated concentration of the mixed HDL subfraction predicts events in T2DM patients with SCAD.