bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
May I have your attention, please? Methodological and Analytical Flexibility in the Addiction Stroop
Authors: Jones Andrew , Duckworth Jay , Christiansen Paul
Published: June 2020

Theoretical models of addiction predict that an attentional bias towards drug/alcohol related cues plays a key role in development and maintenance of addictive behaviours. However, data from the empirical research testing these predictions is equivocal. This ambiguity may in part be a consequence of substantial variability in the methods used to operationalise attentional bias. The aim of this research was to examine the variability in key design and analysis decisions of the addiction Stroop. Using a pre-registered design, we systematically searched the literature and identified 46 studies describing an alcohol Stroop task and 25 studies describing a smoking Stroop task. We extracted information about the design of the Stroop task, including but not limited to; administration (paper-and-pencil vs. computerised), response (key press vs. voice), number of drug-related stimuli used, number of stimulus repetitions, design (block vs. mixed). For analysis decisions we extracted information on upper- and lower-bound reaction time cut-offs, removal of individual reaction times based on standard error cut-offs, removal of participants based on overall performance, type of outcome used, and removal of errors. Based on variability from previous research there are at least 1,451,520 different possible designs of the computerised alcohol Stroop and 77,760 designs of the computerised smoking Stroop. Many key design decisions were unreported. Similarly, variability in analyses decisions would allow for 9,000 different methods for analysing the alcohol Stroop and 5,376 for the smoking Stroop. This flexibility in the design and analysis of a widely used measure of attentional bias may contribute to equivocal findings, unreliable tasks and inability to replicate research. Future research should work towards a gold standard addiction Stroop with reliable psychometric properties. This will allow us to confidently test predictions and lead to progress within the field.
Reduced attentional capture by reward following an acute dose of alcohol
Authors: Watson Poppy , Pearson Daniel , Le Pelley Mike
Published: June 2020

Rationale:Previous research has shown that physically-salient and reward-related distractors can automatically capture attention and eye-gaze in a visual search task, even though participants are motivated to ignore these stimuli. Objectives:To examine whether an acute, low dose of alcohol would influence involuntary attentional capture by stimuli signalling reward.Methods:Participants were assigned to the alcohol or placebo group before completing a visual-search task. Successful identification of the target earned either a low or high monetary reward but this reward was omitted if any eye gaze was registered on the reward-signalling distractor. Results:Participants who had consumed alcohol were significantly less likely than those in the placebo condition to have their attention captured by a distractor stimulus that signalled the availability of high reward. Analysis of saccade latencies suggested that this difference reflected a reduction in the likelihood of impulsive eye-movements following alcohol.Conclusions:Our findings suggest that alcohol intoxication reduces the capacity to attend to information in the environment that is not directly relevant to the task at hand, consistent with alcohol myopia theory. In the current task this led to a performance benefit under alcohol, but in situations that require rapid responding to salient events the effect on behaviour would be deleterious.
Serum biochemical and inflammatory cytokines in a rat model of metabolic syndrome
Authors: Yeldu Mohammed Haruna , Mus’ab Ahmed
Published: June 2020

Background: Metabolic syndrome (MetS) is a combination of cardio-metabolic risk factors including obesity, hyperglycaemia, dyslipidaemia, oxidative stress and hypertension. 
Aims and Objectives: This study was aimed at determining the serum concentrations of biochemical and inflammatory cytokines and assesses the correlation between the biochemical and inflammatory cytokines in a rat model of metabolic syndrome.
Materials and Methods: Twenty rats were divided into 2 groups of 10 each: control (fructose untreated) and the fructose treated group. MetS was induced by oral administration of 10% fructose in water for 32 weeks. At the end of the experiment, rats were fasted for 12 hours and blood samples collected and body weight, body mass index (BMI), fasting blood glucose (FBG), serum lipid profile, interleukin-6 (IL-6), interleukin-10 (IL-10), tumour necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) were measured using standard techniques.
Result: Result indicated significantly (P< 0.05) increased FBG, body weight, BMI, serum TC and LDL-C while, HDL-C levels significantly (P< 0.05) decreased in MetS group compared with controls. However, the levels of VLDL-C, TG and AIX were not significantly (P > 0.05) different between the groups. Significantly (P< 0.05) increased serum IL-6, IL-10 and TNF-α were observed in MetS group compared with controls. Serum IL-10 and TNF- α were inversely correlated with BMI. Serum IL-10 negatively correlated with FBG while, IL-6 was not correlated with either of BMI and FBG.Serum AIX and VLDL-C were positively correlated with TG while, HDL-C level was inversely correlated with TG. With the exception of serum LDL-C which positively correlated with TC, significant  correlation was not established between serum TC and each of AIX, HDL-C and VLDL-C.
Conclusion: The rat model of MetS was established after treatment with 10% fructose in water. This plays an important role in the pathogenesis of components of metabolic syndrome, including dyslipidaemia, hyperglycaemia and obesity; and serum IL-6, IL-10 and TNF- α are raised in metabolic syndrome and this underscores the role of these cytokines in inflammation associated with metabolic syndrome.
A Cadaveric Study on the Variation in the Level of Division of Sciatic Nerve in Nepalese Population
Authors: Shah Diwakar Kumar , Khatun Sanzida
Published: June 2020

Background: Sciatic nerve, the thickest nerve of our body (around 2cm wide at its origin), leaves the pelvic cavity from the greater sciatic foramina below the piriformis muscle and between the greater trochanter of femur and ischial tuberosity. As variations have been reported in the level of division of sciatic nerve into its terminal branches, the current study aims to determine the most common site of division of sciatic nerve in Nepalese population.

Materials and Methods: The current study is a cross-sectional and descriptive study which was carried out in the Department of Anatomy, Nobel Medical College, where twenty-three cadavers were used and both the lower limbs were examined. Depending upon the level of division of the sciatic nerve into its terminal branches, it was categorized into six different groups (A-F).

Results: It was seen that the sciatic nerve had already divided into its terminal branches before its exit into the gluteal regionin 23.91% extremities. The second commonestsite for the termination of sciatic nerve into its terminal branch was found to be at the middle region of the back of the thigh in 19.57% followed by its division in the popliteal fossa in 17.39%.

Conclusion: From the current study we conclude that the level of division of sciatic nerve was variable and it is wise to go for other means to find out the level of termination of sciatic nerve before performing any procedure in that area.
Association of Plasma and Aqueous Humor Ascorbic Acid Level with Morphology Pattern of Age-Related Cataract
Authors: Pokharel Shailesh Mani , Lavaju Poonam , Shrestha Bhuwan Govinda , Khan Seraj Ahmed , Shah Sangeeta
Published: June 2020

Background: Age-related cataract is one of the most important causes of preventable blindness among elderly population in the world. Among various causes of cataract, the level of ascorbic acid in the plasma and aqueous humor is an important parameter that can prevent cataract formation. The level of ascorbic acid in the plasma and aqueous humor is also an indicator of various morphological pattern of cataract.

Materials and Methods: A hospital-based cross-sectional study was conducted among 136 patients with immature age-related cataract (≥50 years) who underwent Manual Small Incision Cataract Surgery in the Ophthalmology Department of BPKIHS for the duration of 1 year. Plasma and aqueous humor ascorbic acid levels were determined by standard competitive ELISA test.

Results: Ascorbic acid concentrations in aqueous humor as well as plasma were statistically significant with the nuclear type of cataract (p<0.001). There was a positive correlation between plasma and aqueous ascorbic acid level with r = 0.532 and p<0.001.

Conclusion: The finding of the study concludes that nuclear type of cataract has a strong association with both aqueous humor and plasma ascorbic acid level.
Analysis of Prolonged Pediatric Intensive Care Stay in Children with Diabetic Ketoacidosis
Authors: Singh Sandip Kumar , Rijal Shikha , Sah Vijay Kumar , Khanal Babita , Giri Arun
Published: June 2020

Background: Diabetic ketoacidosis is one of most serious complication of diabetes requiring intensive care management. We aim to analyze various factors responsible for prolonged duration of stay in pediatric intensive care unit in a child with Diabetic Ketoacidosis.

Materials and Methods: This was a hospital based prospective observational study conducted in Nobel Medical College and Teaching Hospital among children with Diabetic ketoacidosis over the period of one year. A total of 22 cases with Diabetic ketoacidosis aged 1 month to 18 years were included and clinical profile, laboratory reports including blood gas analysis were documented.

Results: Among cases of Diabetic ketoacidosis, 4 (18%) cases were of mild Diabetic ketoacidosis, 4 cases (18%) were of moderate Diabetic ketoacidosis and 14 cases (64%) were of severe Diabetic ketoacidosis. Mean duration of Intensive care stay in new cases of Diabetic ketoacidosis was 69.46 hours which was significantly higher compared to old cases (30.66 hours) suggested by p value < 0.0001. In 15 cases (68%), acidosis resolved in less than 48-55 hours, whereas 7 cases (32%) required more than 48-55 hours for resolution of acidosis, hence required longer Intensive care stay. Cases who required prolonged Pediatric Intensive care stay, sepsis was contributing factor in 3 cases (42.85%), one case (14.28%) has associated muscular dystrophy and 3 cases (42.85%) had hyperchloremia at the end of 48 hours.

Conclusion: Presence of sepsis and Hyperchloremia are important reasons for prolonged stay in Intensive Care Unit in Diabetic ketoacidosis patients. Other associated chronic illness can also prolong intensive care stay in Diabetic ketoacidosis patients.
An Unusual Case of Spontaneous Pneumomediastinum
Authors: Bista Bidesh , Ghimire Ram Hari , Mishra Deevya Raj
Published: June 2020

Spontaneous pneumomediastinum is rare condition with free air in the mediastinum. There are some controversies to consider spontaneous pneumomediastinum in patients with predisposing factors like asthma, interstitial lung disease, illicit drug users and irritant inhalations. It generally occurs due to sudden increase in intrathoracic pressure causing rupture of alveoli and movement of air to the mediastinum. Here we present a case of a 20 years old male patient with few bouts of cough as precipitating factor and development of spontaneous pneumomediastinum and subcutaneous emphysema.
Neutralność Mołdawii: uwarunkowania wewnętrzne i międzynarodowe
Authors: Herbut Maciej , Kunert-Milcarz Renata
Published: June 2020

Neutralność w Mołdawii traktowana jest przez władze państwa jako strategia, która mogłaby zagwarantować przetrwanie w środowisku międzynarodowym. Niemniej, mimo osadzenia w prawie państwowym (w ustawie zasadniczej), Mołdawia nie posiada gwarancji międzynarodowych dla swojego statusu neutralności, co wynika przede wszystkim z niekonsekwentnej polityki zagranicznej. Mołdawia stoi przed wyborem dwóch strategii: pierwszej, polegające na zacieśnieniu relacji z Zachodem; drugiej, na polepszeniu relacji z Rosją i mimo, że wybór każdej ze ścieżek wiązałby się z wysokim ryzykiem, wydają się one lepsze od polityki pozorowanej neutralności, jaką państwo to dotychczas prowadziło.
Penerapan Hukum Materil terhadap Pelaku Pembunuhan dengan Unsur Penyertaan (Studi Kasus Putusan Mari No. 966 k/pid/2014)
Authors: Putri Elfirda Ade
Published: June 2020

Murder accompanied by inclusion or carried out jointly is a special form of murder that incriminates the perpetrators. Basically, judges 'considerations in deciding cases, especially with murder cases, are sometimes not in accordance with applicable law, apart from that the sentence imposed is sometimes not in accordance with the perpetrators' actions, so that justice is not obtained, especially for the injured parties. There are differences in sentencing in each court, even though prior to sentencing, the judge has considered the same juridical considerations from each court level, whether it consists of indictments of the public prosecutor, defendant's statements, witness statements, witness statements, evidence and articles of law criminal. The application of material law by the Public Prosecutor in the Supreme Court Decision number 966 K / Pid / 2014 is not right. The public prosecutor uses the subsidair indictment using Article 338 paragraph (1) jo Article 55 of the Criminal Code. Public prosecutor did not ensnare the defendant Article Number 340 of the Indonesian Criminal Code, where the criminal act committed by the defendant contained an element of "planning".
Implementasi Undang-undang Perkawinan No. 1 Tahun 1974 dalam Pemberian Dekke Simudur Udur Erat pada Masyarat Batak Toba
Authors: Sitompul Roswita
Published: June 2020

Marriage is away for humans to developing off spring, there fore important thing is that marriage is regulated by the state, religion and customs. In Batak custom marriageis legal if it is done according toreligionthen the marriageis considered invalid, and peoplewho do marriage like this may not take partin any traditional ceremonies. This reseach is an exploratory study using primer and secondary data, the data collection is done by interviews, questionnaries andobservations the data coollectedis evaluatedqualitativelyand quantitatively so based on theabove datait canbe concluded that the batak toba people in Medan still do traditional marriage such giving “dekke si mudur udur” give to hula- hula. Hula-hula will give good words of blesssingor advise for the bride’s life in the future.
Implementacja polityk unijnych w Polsce i pozostałych krajach członkowskich, z perspektywy kryzysu w UE
Authors: Mieńkowska Renata
Published: June 2020

In the article the author analyses the most important challenges of implementation of the EU policies in the member states during the EU economic crisis. The main aspects analysed in the article are: major problems faced by the EU member states in the context of the crisis regarding implementation of the EU law, changes in the mechanisms of implementation, challenges for the Eurozone in a time of crisis, comitology procedures and their meaning during the crisis. The article contains recommendations regarding implementation of the EU law for decision-makers on both the EU and member state levels.
Współczesna kultura arabsko-muzułmańska w Europie – wybrane aspekty
Authors: Widy-Behiesse Marta
Published: June 2020

In many European countries Muslims have lived for generations, in others Muslim immigration is a relatively new phenomenon. In the European public debate the issues related to the integration problems of Muslim immigrants as well as disputes over incompatibility between Islamic and European values are repeatedly raised. In reality, however, Muslims have become a permanent element of the European religious landscape. Muslim presence is reflected in the development of Islamic and ethnic culture. It is important and interesting to ask what is the exact nature of the artistic works, what are the underlying needs that prompt its creation, and if the complex character of Muslim minority in Europe is reflected in the artistic pursuits. Answering these questions will contribute to the understanding of the establishment of new cultural identity of European Muslims.
EUROsceptycyzm – propozycja konceptualizacji
Authors: Riedel Rafał , Zuba Krzysztof
Published: June 2020

The authors aim at defining the “EURO-scepticism” as an analytical category. The paper starts with an overview of the most important works on the wider concept of Euroscepticism, following the positioning of Eurosceptic views on the monetary integration in Europe. This part of the article focuses on the subject-approach to EUROscepticism. Next, the authors indicate the most important factors determining the phenomenon. Special attention is dedicated to the economic crisis (2007–2014) which is understood as an important contextual variable of EURO-scepticism. The analysis is summarised with the concluding remarks on the present state of EURO-scepticism in Europe as well as with a speculative statement on the probable end of the “permissive consensus” phase in the process of legitimising the European integration project
Kryzys legitymizacji Unii Europejskiej z perspektywy konstruktywistycznej
Authors: Kownacki Tomasz
Published: June 2020

The article is an attempt to analyse the legitimacy of the European Union, taken from the perspective of moderate constructivist theory. First, the author presents the constructivist assumptions about the legitimacy of the European Union. Then he emphasises the importance of discourse for the development of the EU and describes categories occurring in the multi-level political system. It is argued that strengthening of the discourses (their scope and communicated content) at European level in addition to the national discourses would promote the process of enhancing the legitimacy of the European Union. These discourses are relevant for the development of European identity that allows citizens to recognise the European political system as “their”, which will be – according to the author – the result of the processes concentrated on political activities, institutions and legal system embracing pluralism of opinions, attitudes and behaviors. The result would be “a common space of existence for the European citizens”.
Una interpretación espacial de la formación de gobiernos minoritarios en España
Authors: Reniu Vilamala Josep Mª
Published: June 2020

A meeting point for scholars working on the processes of formation of coalition governments in European parliamentary systems is the analysis of the Spanish case. Since the restoration of democracy in the late 1970s parliamentary minority has not come to form any coalition government. Instead of it there have been parliamentary negotiation processes, in which stable parliamentary agreements have been reached to ensure continuous support for the government in office. One point worth noting is that, in these negotiations, the main national parties – UCD, PSOE or PP – have chosen to negotiate only with nationalist parties or non-state-wide parties. This article attempts, in the light of spatial analysis, to provide new arguments for understanding such negotiation processes.
Microcellular Thermosetting Polyurethane Foams
Authors: Brondi C. , Di Caprio M. R. , Di Maio E. , Mosciatti T. , Cavalca S. , Parenti V. , Iannace S.
Published: June 2020

Thermosetting polyurethane foams are nowadays produced with typical bubble size, d > 150 μm, with plenty of room for improvement towards the cellular structure refinement, to gain, among others, in the thermal insulation performances. We herein report a first example of a microcellular thermosetting polyurethane foam, i. e. with bubble size below 5 μm, produced via the gas foaming technology. In particular, high-pressure CO2, N2 and their mixtures were utilized as blowing agents: solubilized separately into the polymer precursors, they were brought into a supersaturated state by a pressure reduction to induce the bubble nucleation and growth. To achieve microcellular foams, we made use of a novel two-stage pressure reduction program, concurrent to the polymer curing. The first stage is a pressure quench O (10–2 s) from the saturation pressure to an intermediate pressure to induce the nucleation of a large amount of dense bubbles. The second stage is a slow O (102 s) further pressure decrease to ambient pressure, allowing for a slow bubble growth, designed to reach ambient pressure exactly when the curing reached completion.
EARLY FOREIGN PENETRATION IN THE HOLY LAND DURING THE LATE OTTOMAN PERIOD: THE ROLE OF BRITAIN
Authors: EL-AWAİSİ Khalid , YİĞİT Emine
Published: June 2020

Western foreign interest in controlling the Holy Land throughout history has been successful on several occasions, such as during the crusades and the British occupation in the twentieth century. However, modern interest in occupying this land began in earnest with Napoleon’s occupation of Egypt and with his failed attempt to occupy the Holy Land during which he called for the ‘restoration’ of Jews to Palestine. His campaign had two long-term consequences: it instigated British interest, which in turn, mingled with the idea of “Jewish Restoration” to Palestine in preparation for the Second Coming of Christ. Evangelical Christian groups were the first to promote the idea of an official political representation, which led to the opening of a British consulate in Jerusalem during the occupation of Muhammad Ali Pasha. Other Western powers followed suit, with the aim of consolidating their influence and penetrating the region. The British were able to consolidate their influence and penetration of the region through initially establishing a consulate in Jerusalem and this was followed by many steps until the occupation of the Holy Land in the fall of 1917 and the subsequent establishment of a Zionist client-state that would serve Western interests in the region.
Visual Semiotics of Inequality in the Structure of an Architectural Text
Authors: Fedorov Viktor Vladimirovich , Fedorov Mikhail Viktorovich , Hanygin Dmitry Aleksandrovich
Published: June 2020

The article is devoted to the consideration of the architectural environment as a form of materialization of social existence. It is noted that the architectural text of a large city contains special subject and spatial inclusions – loci of power. The article focuses on the relations of topological segregation – the disproportionate distribution of structural elements in the space of a populated place. This is a set of obstacles in choosing a place, and at the same time a condition for the formation of a social hierarchy of urban spaces.
Methods. In the course of the work, the problem and thematic, structural and functional and comparative and historical methods to identify basic concepts of architectural spaces of power were applied.
Results. It is shown that social inequality and topological segregation occur in the city in a “natural” way, since it embodies various facets of inequality inherent in society. The typology of constantly reproducible principles of organization of architectural objects and spaces of power such as monumentality, static character, conciseness, verticality, hierarchy, the presence of a central structure, tradition, consistency, syncretism is clarified. It is shown that the emerging signs of inequality, embodied in architectural and urban planning decisions, participate in the formation of the social structure, reproduce and transform its value and semantic content. The basic principles of the organization of architectural objects and spaces of power are considered. Models for implementing these principles in the process of creating new loci of power are proposed.
It is concluded that the hypothesis put forward by the authors that loci of power are the spatial embodiment of complex mechanisms for maintaining the dynamic balance of the social system is confirmed by the results of research on the semiotics of inequality in the structure of the architectural text.
Organizational and Pedagogical Conditions for the Development of Research Activities of University Students
Authors: Kachalova Svetlana Mikhailovna
Published: June 2020

The author outlines that in connection with the need to develop students' abilities and skills for organizing independent research activities, a psychological and pedagogical analysis of the organization of university students’ research activities is made, and the basic tasks of developing the students' ability to do research work are formulated.
Methods of research. To diagnose the development of this quality, research methods such as questionnaires, analysis, and comparative evaluation were used.
The study defined quality, based on which we can generate interest in students to do research activities – the ability to cognitive activity, awareness of actions, independent approach to creative problem solving, commitment to self-development and self-education. It is noted that for development of skills for doing research work it is recommended to engage students in the situations where it is necessary to find the solution to problems, help them to analyze qualitative changes and to predict the results of a particular process development. In the course of experimental work carried out by lecturers of the Lipetsk State Technical University, positive changes, indicating the development of the ability in students to do research activity in the process, organized to introduce students to research work at different stages of their training were identified.
Experience of the International Cultural Relations Formation in Students and Pupils
Authors: Shishliannikova Nina Petrovna
Published: June 2020

The author of the article pays special attention to the fact that in modern world with its mass migration of the peoples as well as the formation of the international information sphere, the threat of the interethnic conflicts in the frame of rejecting another culture has become aggravated. The author outlines that motive for appearance of the negative phenomena in society is underlined in shortcomings of education of interethnic culture in family, in primary and secondary education in school. The problem of ethnic conflicts prevention by the formation of the sphere of positive international relationship on the base of tolerance, understanding each other, reception of the values of the human approach to the ethnic problems in school and university surroundings introducing the students of different nations to the music culture of the Khakass people, upbringing interest in it, love and affection to little motherland is reviewed in the article. It is suggested to solve the problem by the means of the musical art in process of preparing future teacher – musician for the work in multicultural sphere.
The purpose of the article is to consider the formation of international cultural relations among students and schoolchildren.
Methods. The practical implementation of the educational potential of the Khakass music at the music lessons in general school is demonstrated. The description of the preparation to the music lesson on the base of material of the Khakass Region, which was presented by the student-teacher is pointed out. The video clip about Khakass nature accompanied by the sounds of the original national Khakass Instruments was shown. After listening the piece “Solar sign” from the cycle of children pieces “Sunny chathan” by composer T. Shalginova, the discussion about original music language of the piece took place, and then the lyrics of the song “Land of mother” by the first local professional composer G. Chelborakov were learnt by heart.
Results. At the end of the cycle of the lessons dedicated to Khakassia, the student held the survey in school classes. The results of the survey confirmed the validity of the general methodological approach to the formation of interethnic cultural relations in the student and school environment
Innovative Potential of Photobook Format in Ethnocultural Communication
Authors: Doroschuk Elena Sergeevna
Published: June 2020

The features of such a widely used format as a photo book in the context of visual ethnography were reviewed in the article. It is noted that the photobook is studied as a tool for creating visual ethnographic materials that allow to conduct a research on modern cultures and ethnic groups to form a cultural identity.
Methods. As the subject of analysis, modern photobooks created by the photographer from Japan Ikuru Kuwajima were selected.
Results. The potential of the photobook as an author's work is revealed and its communicative potential in ethnocultural interaction is described. An ethno-photo book is defined as a format of visual communication in which each photograph has an ethnical meaning, which contributes to the creation of author's photo narration, as a specific form of reflection of an ethnos, with a representation of ethnic images. The special functions of the ethno-photo book, which are realized upon activation of the author’s principle, are highlighted: the search for their own identity; pictorial (plot) narrative about an ethnic group; creating the integrity of ethno-narration; increment of information about the ethnic group; ethnos research by means of a photo image; details of the ethnic world view; preservation of ethnic pictures of the world; comprehending the culture of another. It has been determined that a modern photo book is distinguished by documentary content and multimedia features that give its content traits of pragmatism and streaming. An ethno-photo book is manifested as a meaningful substantial work in which the author narrates a pictorial story about an ethnos through photographs, creating a holistic artistic and semantic image of the ethnos.
It is concluded that all this contributes to a special emphasis of the reader on certain elements of the ethnographic image and contributes to the creation of new information about the ethnos. It is mentioned that one of the varieties of photobooks is the author's photobook, as an in-depth study of oneself in the context of the ethnicity of the territories reflected in the photo-chronicles of the photographer.
Rehabilitation Resources of the Novgorod Counting-Out Rhyme in the Speech Therapy Correction of Motor Alalia
Authors: Aleksandrova Lada Yurevna , Vatoropina Svetlana Vitalevna
Published: June 2020

A brief essential characteristic of motor alalia is described in the article. The purpose of the article is to show the possibilities of using small folklore forms as a means of correction and rehabilitation of motor alalia. The research data of specialists in speech therapy who have used Novgorod children's folklore as a means of rehabilitation for preschoolers with severe speech impairment in the conditions of the “Rehabilitation Center for Children with Disabilities” in Veliky Novgorod is presented.
Methods. The criteria analysis of linguistic, speech therapy, pedagogical and ethnographic literature, as well as summative and formative assessment within the framework of empirical research were main research methods.
The hypothesis on effective means of correcting alalia in preschoolers in the structure of the complex method that can be used in small folklore forms was tested.
Results. Small folklore forms are considered as productive cognitive and semantic categories, which, in properly built correctional work with preschoolers with motor alalia, can contribute to the formation of their language competence. The problems and significant rehabilitation resources of children's folklore in the speech therapy correction of motor alalia in preschoolers are structured. The difficulties of using children's folklore as speech material in the process of speech therapy correction are presented. And also, significant rehabilitation resources of small folklore forms are pointed out. A clinical event of a five-year-old girl's successful getting rid of motor alalia by using of counting-out rhyme was analyzed.
It is concluded that small folklore forms can be used as an effective means of correcting motor alalia in preschoolers in the structure of comprehensive rehabilitation.
Ethno-Tourism as a Perspective Form of Preserving Ethnic Culture
Authors: Kedrova Irina Vladimirovna
Published: June 2020

The author outlines that in order to maintain interest in ethnic culture during the digitalization of personal space for people interested in the ethnos of their and other regions, it is necessary to constantly expand the options for ethnographic tourism excursion programs, enrich them with exclusive topics that are in demand by wide target groups, as well as complement traditional, sometimes conservative, tourist routes with new display facilities and new excursion technologies.
The purpose of the article is to determine the prospects of using different types of ethnic culture in various formats of a tourist product (tour, excursion) to increase the interest of citizens in Russian history against the background of cases of its distortion and free interpretations that became more frequent nowadays.
Methods. The author analyzed some types of ethnographic tourism services in the Rostov Region, which contribute to maintaining interest in the ethnic culture of the region.
Conclusions. The author concludes and presents a look at the future of preserving ethnic culture in the complex of tourist and excursion offers. It is shown that this requires analysis and transformation of traditional tourist and excursion routes and programs, as well as active interaction not only with modern people, but also with organizations representing and promoting ethnic culture and, accordingly, with related enterprises supporting them in this. It is concluded that the academic methods and tools for preserving ethnic culture, of course, remain, but not only they already determine the future of this process.
Methodological Bases of Studying National Cuisine as a Phenomenon of Gastronomic Culture
Authors: Iakovleva Elena Liudvigovna
Published: June 2020

The author outlines that in “current modernity” (Z. Bauman), among the urgent problems of research, one can name tradition, which is the foundation of culture. Many of its components are among those that are difficult to comprehend, and national cuisine is among them.
Methods of research. In the presented article, national cuisine is examined through the prism of an analytical method that allows you to identify authentic ways of studying and showing its versatility. In the course of the research, a theoretical analysis of the methodological basis for the study of national cuisine as a phenomenon of gastronomic culture was carried out.
It is noted that being a unique phenomenon of the traditional ethnic culture, national cuisine has its own gastronomic code and contains information about the specifics of the people’s life, encrypted through processes related to food and its preparation. The author pays special attention to the fact that the most effective methods of researching national cuisine are structural, phenomenological and hermeneutic. They help to identify designs and highlight the structural components of national cuisine (culinary culture, culture of eating and gastronomic reflection), study and analyze them with the help of feelings and experience as a direct connection to each of them, comprehend the process of cooking based on the culinary recipe and the process of tasting, reveal the symbolic meanings of the elements of national cuisine and establish their origins.
Results of research. The simultaneous use of phenomenological, structural and hermeneutic methods contributes to the comprehension of the gastronomic code of the people and the peculiarities of their cuisine. The knowledge gained allows us to interpret not only the secrets of national cuisine, but also the history and culture of the ethnos from new perspectives.
Arhitektonski biro Ludwig & Hülssner i djelovanje u Hrvatskoj
Authors: Damjanović Dragan
Published: June 2020

Članak govori o djelovanju arhitektonskog biroa Ludwig & Hülssner na projektiranju javnih građevina u Hrvatskoj. Zahvaljujući nastojanjima Ise Kršnjavoga, predstojnika Odjela za bogoštovlje i nastavu hrvatske vlade, po njihovim su projektima iz 1894. godine sagrađene škole u Zagrebu, Sušaku, Novoj Gradiški, Karlovcu, Rumi, Iloku i Gospiću te internat u Gospiću. Izradili su i tipske projekte za seoske škole, zatim za župne i parohijske stanove te za bolnice.
Manufacture of heat-insulating products from solid municipal waste using new waste segregation
Authors: Muratova А. А. , Kartushina Yu. N.
Published: June 2020

The paper considers the improvement of the process conditions for the extraction of high-quality components from solid municipal waste (MSW) for the manufacture of heat-insulating products. A new approach to waste processing with the component extraction is required, and new materials are being sought for heat-insulating products.The purpose of this work is to select the optimum method of MSW segregation, which will be applicable to the morphological composition of wastes in Russia to obtain cleaner raw materials. The main problems of waste segregation are high content of organic waste polluting the components and equipment, low automation and recovery coefficient of waste components due to a single run of waste.The main research methods include a comparative analysis of technological and environmental criteria and labor costs of MSW segregation differing in Russia and abroad.The proposed new method of MSW segregation requires new approaches to the waste use for the production of modern materials. The first problem to be solved is MSW segregation and preparation for further utilization. A search for new, eco-friendly, safe and economically feasible heat-insulating materials is important in the construction field. The proposed method will increase the recovery rate of waste fractions and productivity per unit time.
Modern industrial architecture of small and medium business entities in the Southern Federal District
Authors: Grigor'eva L. M.
Published: June 2020

The paper identifies the current, previously unexplored problems of industrial architecture of small and medium business entities on the territory of the Southern Federal District. The purpose of this work is to detect an optimal solution, taking into account the specific economic conditions of the country. The paper presents the research results of small and medium-sized enterprises in the Southern Federal District. The current problems and factors which define the architecture of these enterprises are described herein. It is shown that the general economic dynamics changes the significance of these factors and, as a consequence, the nature of design solutions.
Landscape matrix in urban development of West Siberia
Authors: Skryabin P. V.
Published: June 2020

The paper proposes a different approach to the process of prospective settlement instead of the modern urban model of the spatial development in Russia. The proposed approach involves large settlements and connections considered as an interaction between several systems and networks (environmental system, transport system, economic links between settlement nodes, fluvial network), the density of which is determined by the territory, relief, landscapes, environmental qualities and economic potential. This gives rise to a different typology of territories that constitute the land use map, the pattern of which is determined by the landscape matrix. A study of the landscape elements makes it possible to identify their influence on the settlement development and connections of any system or network. The understanding of the basis for the formation and interaction of different systems allows to accurately predict the urban development of the settlement system. The paper predicts the routes of development of the settlement system in West Siberia.
Assessment criterion for optimum design solutions of piecewise constant sections in I-rods with stability or first eigen-frequency limits
Authors: Lyakhovich L. S. , Akimov P. A. , Tukhfatullin B. A.
Published: June 2020

The criterion for the minimum material consumption of strips strengthening the I-rod with stability or first eigen-frequency limits is formulated in previous studies for the case of continuous change of the variable parameter. It is known that this solution allows evaluating a real design project not only by the criterion of its proximity to the minimum material consumption, but also by the reference point in the real design. In many cases, it is used to replace the continuous change in the variable size of the rod-strengthening piecewise constant sections. The boundaries of these sections are based on the minimum material consumption. The width of the strengthening strips is determined by the optimization methods. The paper proposes the criterion allowing to correctly assess the termination of the optimization processes.
Managerial Coaching Induces Psychological Engagement of Employees: Moderating Effect of Knowledge Management
Authors: Mariam Shahida , Ahmad Farooq , Qaisar Muhammad Nawaz
Published: June 2020

Project organizations are essential to economic development. In this context, we study the relationship of managerial coaching with psychological engagement at work and how to leverage this relationship through knowledge management. Data was collected from 463 managerial employees of different project-basedorganizations in Pakistan using existing reliable scales. The hypotheses were tested through regression analysis. Results showed a significant positive link among managerial coaching, psychological engagement, and knowledge management. Knowledge management turned a suppressing effect on the relationship between managerial coaching and psychological engagement. However, this effect diminishes when there exists an effective knowledge management system as knowledgeable employees may dislike frequent coaching. The findings suggest that to augment psychological conditions for employee engagement at work, the organizations can benefit from developing a balanced culture of managerial coaching and its appropriate convergence with a knowledge management system.
Advancing the Field of Social Marketing Through the Lens of Group Dynamics: An Overview and Research Agenda
Authors: Ahmad Farooq , Hamid Syed Ali Raza , Qaisar Muhammad Nawaz
Published: June 2020

Social marketing is an emerging sub-discipline of marketing. Social marketing deals with attitudinal reconstruction and helps to augment behavioral changes to address various social issues. Social marketing also uses conventional elements of 4Ps to influence behavior change. In this study, a systematic literature review was examined from peer-reviewed journals on social marketing. The focus of this literature review was on important theoretical contributions and theories used in the social marketing domain. Social marketing employed the theories initially developed in psychology and social psychology to study the phenomenon of behavior change as a function of intra-individual processing, persuasive techniques, and one-way communication. Individual centered approaches have been used in this context. The role of group dynamics a strategic tool has not been explored in the domain of social marketing. The research paper has identified possible future research areas in the domain of social marketing in the context of group dynamics.
China-Pakistan Economic Corridors Security Concerns
Authors: Fayyaz Shabana , Malik Salma
Published: June 2020

The paper reviews the (CPEC) from a security lens. The upshot of CPEC is to bring in peace and prosperity in the region through laying a mix of road networks, railways, and pipelines in this area. It envisions to transform Pakistan by upgrading its economic profile through connectivity with adjacent regions, addressing energy shortfalls, and expanding societal links between Pakistan and China. Both sides perceive CPEC to be a game-changer. However, there are key challenges to establish a sphere of co-security interdependence through CPEC. The core risks and opportunities associated with the implementation of this crucial project are highlighted in this study. The paper dwells on the security dimensions of the CPEC from an integrated conception of security - to stamp the CPEC as a safety valve not only for Pakistan and China but for a host of countries associated with it
Improvement in Narrative Writing Skills with Communicative Teaching in Pakistani High Schools
Authors: Samiullah Muhammad , Ahmad Aftab , Khan Abdul Majeed
Published: June 2020

The main objective of this research was to find an effect of communicative approach on narrative writing in 9th graders at secondary level. Relevant literature revealed that narrative writing can be enhanced with the help of communicative teaching. Pre-test post-test nonequivalent control group design had been used. To conduct the experimental study six (06) classes from two schools were selected conveniently were selected to gather data to achieve intended objective. There were 206 students involved in the experimentation. Communicative lessons were delivered in the experimental classroom only. The same pre-test was used as a posttest as well. Results of research depicted that communicative teaching had a remarkable effect on increasing narrative writing at secondary level. The outcome of research is valuable for teachers, curriculum specialists, syllabi designers and policy makers. In addition, communicative approach is recommended for teaching writing related to any genre in English.
Modernization, Cultural Integration and Language Modification: A Study of the Potohari Language in Pakistan
Authors: Ibrahim Shakeela
Published: June 2020

This paper identifies the connection between cultural integration and language modification in Pakistan, with a focus on the Potohari region of northern Punjab. The study has primarily been conducted in the Potohar region, consisting of the three districts of Rawalpindi, Chakwal, and Gujarkhan. The respondents were selected mainly from innate Potohari families to determine and identify the changes in native language. The results indicated that the native language of Potohari has been replaced by the Urdu and English in the present generation. Younger people feel comfortable speaking these languages at their household level. The conservation of an aboriginal language is important before its liquidation. This paper highlighted the pace and extent of the replacement of the native language of Potohari with the national and international language of Urdu and English as a symbol of modernization, and its implications for the cultural integration of society. The Data was collected through formal interviews, group discussion and a survey.
Perception and Satisfaction of Residents Regarding Services Provided Under Greater Faisalabad Water Supply, Sewerage and Drainage Project
Authors: Nawaz Waseem , Batool Zahira , Ch Muhammad Shabbir
Published: June 2020

A project funded by Asian Development Bank was executed in 1996. This project included provision of potable water, sewerage and drainage services. A PhD level dissertation was conducted to assess the impacts of this project on target population. Faisalabad city is divided into four municipal zones. A multistage sampling method was adopted for selection of respondents. The data was collected by using a pre-coded interview schedule. Only Inferential techniques were applied for data analysis to explore the association among different variables. The results revealed that the beneficiaries perceived better about the environmental improvements as well as they are satisfied with services provided under this project. It has outcome from results that there is a strong association between improvements made in social, physical and economic aspects of the residents and perception and satisfaction level of people with services provided under this project. It can be concluded that the project has good and positive impact on all aspects of the life of dwellers.