bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The path to the G protein‐coupled receptor structural landscape: Major milestones and future directions
Authors: Kogut‐Günthel Małgorzata M. , Zara Zeenat , Nicoli Alessandro , Steuer Alexandra , Lopez‐Balastegui Marta , Selent Jana , Karanth Sanjai , Koehler Melanie , Ciancetta Antonella , Abiko Layara Akemi , Hagn Franz , Di Pizio Antonella
Published: August 2024

G protein‐coupled receptors (GPCRs) play a crucial role in cell function by transducing signals from the extracellular environment to the inside of the cell. They mediate the effects of various stimuli, including hormones, neurotransmitters, ions, photons, food tastants and odorants, and are renowned drug targets. Advancements in structural biology techniques, including X‐ray crystallography and cryo‐electron microscopy (cryo‐EM), have driven the elucidation of an increasing number of GPCR structures. These structures reveal novel features that shed light on receptor activation, dimerization and oligomerization, dichotomy between orthosteric and allosteric modulation, and the intricate interactions underlying signal transduction, providing insights into diverse ligand‐binding modes and signalling pathways. However, a substantial portion of the GPCR repertoire and their activation states remain structurally unexplored. Future efforts should prioritize capturing the full structural diversity of GPCRs across multiple dimensions. To do so, the integration of structural biology with biophysical and computational techniques will be essential. We describe in this review the progress of nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) to examine GPCR plasticity and conformational dynamics, of atomic force microscopy (AFM) to explore the spatial–temporal dynamics and kinetic aspects of GPCRs, and the recent breakthroughs in artificial intelligence for protein structure prediction to characterize the structures of the entire GPCRome. In summary, the journey through GPCR structural biology provided in this review illustrates how far we have come in decoding these essential proteins architecture and function. Looking ahead, integrating cutting‐edge biophysics and computational tools offers a path to navigating the GPCR structural landscape, ultimately advancing GPCR‐based applications.
Prevention of Violence Against Children: A Qualitative Exploration of Colombian Policymakers', Programme Facilitators' and Caregivers' Perceptions
Authors: Cuartas Jorge , Beccassino Luciana , Baker‐Henningham Helen , Pineda Díaz Oscar Iván , Rodríguez María Fernanda
Published: August 2024

Objective

Violence against children (VAC) is a global public health and human rights issue that can lead to long‐lasting negative consequences for individual and societal outcomes. While extensive evidence indicates that parenting programmes might be effective in preventing VAC, there are several unsolved questions on how to ensure interventions are acceptable, feasible, effective and sustainable, particularly in low‐ and‐ middle‐income countries (LMICs).

Method

In this study, we report findings from a qualitative examination of policymakers' (N = 10), early childhood and parenting programme facilitators' (N = 20) and parents' and other caregivers' (N = 38) perspectives on VAC prevention to examine the implementation ecosystem of parenting programmes in Colombia, including contextual risk and protection factors, features of existing programmes, and stakeholders' needs. We conducted interviews and focus groups using a semistructured format, along with a thematic approach, to analyse the data from each group of participants (i.e., policymakers, facilitators and caregivers) independently.

Results

Overall, the data revealed the critical role of intersecting and interacting factors at the micro (e.g., caregivers' capabilities and beliefs), meso (e.g., programme content and delivery approaches) and macro (e.g., policymakers' vision and existing infrastructure) levels in exacerbating risks/imposing barriers versus protecting/promoting VAC prevention.

Conclusions

These findings provide evidence on the implementation ecosystem of prevention programmes to inform the design of novel strategies and programmes aimed at preventing violence and promoting families' well‐being and young children's development.
Row–Column Separated Attention Based Low‐Light Image/Video Enhancement
Authors: Dong Chengqi , Cao Zhiyuan , Qi Tuoshi , Wu Kexin , Gao Yixing , Tang Fan
Published: August 2024

U‐Net structure is widely used for low‐light image/video enhancement. The enhanced images result in areas with large local noise and loss of more details without proper guidance for global information. Attention mechanisms can better focus on and use global information. However, attention to images could significantly increase the number of parameters and computations. We propose a Row–Column Separated Attention module (RCSA) inserted after an improved U‐Net. The RCSA module's input is the mean and maximum of the row and column of the feature map, which utilizes global information to guide local information with fewer parameters. We propose two temporal loss functions to apply the method to low‐light video enhancement and maintain temporal consistency. Extensive experiments on the LOL, MIT Adobe FiveK image, and SDSD video datasets demonstrate the effectiveness of our approach.
Cortical microstructure and hemispheric specialization—A diffusion‐imaging analysis in younger and older adults
Authors: Wróbel Paweł P. , Braaß Hanna , Frey Benedikt M. , Bönstrup Marlene , Guder Stephanie , Frontzkowski Lukas K. , Feldheim Jan F. , Cheng Bastian , Rathi Yogesh , Pasternak Ofer , Thomalla Götz , Koerte Inga K. , Shenton Martha E. , Gerloff Christian , Quandt Fanny , Higgen Focko L. , Schulz Robert
Published: August 2024

Characterizing cortical plasticity becomes increasingly important for identifying compensatory mechanisms and structural reserve in the ageing population. While cortical thickness (CT) largely contributed to systems neuroscience, it incompletely informs about the underlying neuroplastic pathophysiology. In turn, microstructural characteristics may correspond to atrophy mechanisms in a more sensitive way. Fractional anisotropy, a diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) measure, is inversely related to cortical histologic complexity. Axial diffusivity and radial diffusivity are assumed to be linked to the density of structures oriented perpendicular and parallel to the cortical surface, respectively. We hypothesized (1) that cortical DTI will reveal microstructural correlates for hemispheric specialization, particularly in the language and motor systems, and (2) that lateralization of cortical DTI parameters will show an age effect, paralleling age‐related changes in activation, especially in the prefrontal cortex. We analysed data from healthy younger and older adult participants (N = 91). DTI and CT data were extracted from regions of the Destrieux atlas. Diffusion measures showed lateralization in specialized motor, language, visual, auditory and inferior parietal cortices. Age‐dependent increased lateralization for DTI measures was observed in the prefrontal, angular, superior temporal and lateral occipital cortex. CT did not show any age‐dependent alterations in lateralization. Our observations argue that cortical DTI can capture microstructural properties associated with functional specialization, resembling findings from histology. Age effects on diffusion measures in the integrative prefrontal and parietal areas may shed novel light on the atrophy‐related plasticity in healthy ageing.
Experimental and numerical determination of the fatigue notch factor in as‐built wire arc additive manufacturing steel components
Authors: Leonetti Davide , Zancato Elena , Meneghetti Giovanni , Maljaars Johan
Published: August 2024

Parts manufactured by wire arc additive manufacturing (WAAM) are characterized by a peculiar surface morphology, namely, surface waviness, that negatively affects the fatigue performance. To exploit the full potential of WAAM and minimize the need for postproduction work, it is crucial to utilize the components in the as‐built state. This is because conventional machining techniques, typically employed for postprocessing operations, severely curtail the freedom of geometry of the components. This study focuses on an experimental and numerical characterization of the notch effect of the surface waviness for an AISI 308 LSi stainless steel. This is done by quantifying the fatigue notch factor in a probabilistic fashion, considering the results of ad‐hoc designed fatigue tests. A finite element model is developed by considering a 3D scan of the geometry of WAAMed plates, allowing to determine the theoretical stress concentration factor. The fatigue notch factor is also estimated from the numerical model by making use of the gradient correction according to the FKM guidelines. To validate the numerical approach, test data produced for different testing conditions are correlated by using the local stress approach, showing that classical methods are also applicable to additive manufactured parts.
Survival rate, bond, and fracture strength of laminate veneers bonded to different tooth substrates: A systematic review of in vitro studies
Authors: Alqutaibi Ahmed Yaseen , Algabri Radhwan Saleh , Alghauli Mohammed Ahmed , Farghal Ahmed E. , Alnazzawi Ahmad Abdulkareem , Saker Samah El Shahat
Published: August 2024

Purpose

This study aimed to evaluate how different tooth substrates affect the survival rate, shear bond strength, fracture strength, and mode of failure of laminate veneers (LVs).

Methods

This systematic review followed the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta‐Analyses (PRISMA) guidelines. In vitro studies comparing the bonding of laminate veneers to different substrates were included. Electronic databases and manual searches were performed to identify relevant studies. Data on survival rate, shear bond strength, fracture strength, and failure modes were extracted and analyzed using Review Manager software.

Results

A total of 10 studies were included in the review, comprising 621 laminate veneers. The findings revealed that laminate veneers bonded to enamel substrate had lower failure rates than those bonded to tooth substrate with severely exposed dentin or existing composite restorations (ECRs). The failure modes observed were debonding, chipping, cracks, or fractures.

Conclusions

Bonding laminate veneers to enamel substrate showed higher survival rates compared to bonding to tooth substrates with severely exposed dentin or ECRs, underscoring the significance of enamel preservation. When dealing with exposed dentine surfaces or ECRs, it is crucial to perform appropriate surface treatment before luting to improve adhesion. This involves immediate dentine sealing, as well as the use of suitable primers and bonding agents.
Safety of Tenofovir Disoproxil Fumarate Among Breastfeeding Infants of Patients With Chronic Hepatitis B: A Systematic Review
Authors: Pak Kevin , Ibrahim Brittney , Saab Sammy
Published: August 2024

An integral component to achieving worldwide chronic hepatitis B (CHB) elimination is addressing vertical transmission. Guidelines differ in their recommendations for breastfeeding while on tenofovir disoproxil fumarate (TDF). To conduct a systematic review of published studies analysing the concentration of tenofovir (TFV) in the breast milk of mothers receiving TDF and determining infant exposure from breastfeeding. We conducted a systematic literature search of studies evaluating infant safety from the breast milk of breastfeeding mothers receiving TDF for any indication that reported a TFV breast milk concentration. Daily infant exposure was used to calculate the relative dose of TFV in infants. Other pertinent information collected was the concentration of TFV in maternal and infant plasma, the duration of therapy of TDF and the indication for TDF. We identified 10 studies including 443 patients—266 of whom were mothers, and the remaining were infants—that reported the TFV concentration of breast milk in breastfeeding mothers receiving TDF. A total of 654 breast milk samples were included. The mean TFV concentration from all the studies that reported a median concentration of TFV was 4.8 ng/mL (95% CI [3.8, 5.8]). The mean infant exposure of TFV from breast milk was 0.56 μg/kg/day (95% CI [0.44, 0.68]). The mean relative dose was determined to be 0.01% of the weight‐based recommended infant dose. Infant plasma levels of TFV were also collected. This was undetectable in a majority of the studies that reported it. Based on the negligible infant exposure of TFV while breastfeeding, from a pharmacologic and toxicity standpoint, maternal dosing of TDF appears safe for breastfeeding infants.
Adverse pregnancy outcomes and effect of treatment in Wilson disease during pregnancy: Systematic review and meta‐analysis
Authors: Brown Ashley N. , Lange M. Marcia , Aliasi‐Sinai Lital , Zhang Xiaotao , Kogan Sasha , Martin Lily , Kushner Tatyana
Published: August 2024

Background and Aims

Wilson disease (WD) is a rare disorder of copper metabolism, leading to liver and neurological disease. Existing literature on WD in pregnancy is scarce, limiting preconception and obstetrical counselling. In this systematic review with meta‐analysis, we determine the prevalence of various adverse pregnancy and neonatal outcomes in WD, as well as evaluate the impact of WD treatment on these outcomes.

Methods

Scopus, MEDLINE and EMBASE were searched until 12 May 2023, for studies of pregnant individuals with WD and at least one pregnancy or neonatal outcome of interest. Meta‐analysis of single proportions was conducted to pool prevalence data for each outcome. Outcome rates were compared between treated and untreated groups in a meta‐analysis of dichotomous events.

Results

Sixteen studies, published from 1975 to 2022, were included in the systematic review. Thirty‐seven percent of pregnancies reported at least one adverse pregnancy outcome. Spontaneous abortions (20%), liver diseases of pregnancy (4.5%) and preterm births (2%) were the most frequent adverse pregnancy outcomes in patients with WD. The prevalence of spontaneous abortions was significantly lower in pregnant individuals with WD who received treatment during pregnancy (OR: .47, 95% CI: 35%–63%). The prevalence of any adverse pregnancy outcome was also significantly lower with treatment (OR: .53, 95% CI: .37–.76), which appears to be mostly driven by the reduction of spontaneous abortions.

Conclusions

There is low to moderate quality evidence to suggest that preconception and obstetrical counselling for patients with WD should include a discussion on the potentially high frequency of adverse pregnancy outcomes in this population, as well as the importance of continuing WD treatment during pregnancy to ensure satisfactory pregnancy course and potentially minimize the risk of spontaneous abortions.
Violations of Vietnamese laws related to the online marketing of breastmilk substitutes: Detections using a virtual violations detector
Authors: Backholer Kathryn , Nguyen Linh , Vu Duong , Ching Constance , Baker Phil , Mathisen Roger
Published: August 2024

Breastfeeding rates in Vietnam, and globally, remain suboptimal. A major contributor to this is the aggressive marketing of commercial milk formulas (CMF), mainly through online media. The Vietnamese Government has implemented legal measures to limit CMF marketing, but these have been difficult to enforce, because of complex online environments. We aimed to quantify the extent and nature of online violations and contradictions in various Vietnamese laws related CMF marketing over 12 months in 2022. Using a cross‐sectional study design, we used an artificial intelligence‐enabled virtual violations detector (VIVID) to monitor official websites and social media pages of 25 breastmilk substitute (BMS) merchandise and distributors, every day for 12 months in 2022. Data were summarised descriptively. We detected more than 3000 online advertisements that violated or contradicted the intent of Vietnamese laws, involving almost 7000 violations of various articles within these laws (average 9.5 violations per day). More than 700 detections were related to CMF products being registered as “supplementary foods” or similar, thereby circumventing Vietnamese CMF marketing laws, because they are not registered as “BMS products. We demonstrate the need to strengthen the design, monitoring and enforcement of existing Vietnamese laws to eliminate mothers” exposure to the exploitative digital marketing of CMF. By turning a highly resource‐intensive task into one that is, automated requiring substantially less resources, our study represents the most comprehensive in Vietnam and internationally on the extent and nature of the online marketing of BMS. VIVID can be applied worldwide to hold industry accountable for the inappropriate marketing of CMF.
Why do preconception and pregnancy lifestyle interventions demonstrate limited success in preventing overweight and obesity in children? A scoping review investigating intervention complexity, process evaluation components, and author interpretations
Authors: Philippe Kaat , Teo Shevaun M. , Perrotta Carla , McAuliffe Fionnuala M. , Phillips Catherine M.
Published: August 2024

Preventing childhood obesity from early life is considered essential. However, evidence from recent systematic reviews has highlighted inconsistent results and limited effectiveness of preconception and pregnancy lifestyle interventions regarding offspring weight outcomes and adiposity. Therefore, to improve our understanding regarding the mixed success of these early life interventions, we conducted a scoping review examining intervention complexity, process evaluation components, and authors' statements. Eligible articles (preconception or pregnancy lifestyle trials with offspring data beyond 1 month of age) were identified by searching databases (PubMed, Embase, and CENTRAL), previous reviews, and performing CLUSTER searches. The Intervention Complexity Assessment Tool for Systematic Reviews (iCAT_SR) was used to evaluate intervention complexity. A thematic analysis provided insight into process evaluation components and authors' interpretations. Finally, an expert consultation on the results was conducted. We identified 40 eligible publications corresponding to 27 trials. Only two trials started before conception. Potential reasons for interventions' limited success included the late intervention initiation, short intervention duration, and insufficient sample size. Few studies reported process evaluations and included stakeholder involvement, which are essential according to the expert group. We discuss current limitations and outline suggestions for future interventions in this field of research.
Involvement of PG1037 in the repair of 8‐oxo‐7,8‐dihydroguanine caused by oxidative stress in Porphyromonas gingivalis
Authors: Dou Yuetan , Mishra Arunima , Fletcher Hansel M.
Published: August 2024

Background

The PG1037 gene is part of the uvrA‐PG1037‐pcrA operon in Porphyromonas gingivalis. It encodes for a protein of unknown function upregulated under hydrogen peroxide (H2O2)‐induced oxidative stress. Bioinformatic analysis shows that PG1037 has a zinc‐finger motif, two peroxidase motifs, and one cytidylate kinase domain. The aim of this study is to characterize further the role of the PG1037 recombinant protein in the unique 8‐oxoG repair system in P. gingivalis.

Materials and Methods

PG1037 recombinant proteins with deletions in the zinc‐finger or peroxidase motifs were created. Electrophoretic mobility shift assays were used to evaluate the ability of the recombinant proteins to bind 8‐oxoG‐containing oligonucleotides. Zinc binding, peroxidase, and Fenton reaction assays were used to assess the functional roles of the rPG1037 protein. A bacterial adenylate cyclase two‐bride assay was used to identify the partner protein of PG1037 in the repair of 8‐oxoG.

Results

The recombinant PG1037 (rPG1037) protein carrying an N‐terminal His‐tag demonstrated an ability to recognize and bind 8‐oxoG‐containing oligonucleotide. In contrast to the wild‐type rPG1037 protein, the zinc‐finger motif deletion resulted in the loss of zinc and 8‐oxoG binding activities. A deletion of the peroxidase motif‐1 showed a decrease in peroxidase activity. Using a bacterial adenylate cyclase two‐hybrid system, there was no observed protein‐protein interaction of PG1037 with UvrA (PG1036), PcrA (PG1038), or mismatch repair system proteins.

Conclusions

Taken together, the results show that PG1037 is an important member of a novel mechanism that recognizes and repairs oxidative stress‐induced DNA damage in P. gingivalis.
The Effect of the Morphology of the Femur and Acetabulum in Dysplastic Hips on the Selection of Arthroplasty Femoral Implants: A Computer Tomography‐Based Study
Authors: Chen Xi , Li Songlin , Liu Xingyu , Xu Hongjun , Wang Qinlu , Zhang Yiling , Qian Wenwei
Published: August 2024

Objectives

Due to the technical challenges associated with femoral reconstruction in total hip arthroplasty for patients with developmental dysplasia of the hip (DDH), the exact indications for using femoral modular stems, despite their satisfactory clinical outcomes, remain poorly investigated. This study sought to assess the morphology of the femur and acetabulum, and to investigate the discriminative ability of femoral anteversion (FA), acetabular anteversion (AA), and combined anteversion (CA) on the selection of femoral modular stem in dysplastic hips.

Methods

Retrospective data were collected from multiple centers on a total of 230 cases who underwent THA due to DDH from January 1, 2020, to March 1, 2023. There were 46 males and 184 females, with an average age of 51.57 ± 14.87. Patients were stratified according to Crowe and Eftekhar classifications. FA, AA, and CA were measured using computed tomography (CT). The distribution of these indices in different grades of dysplastic hips was compared, and the correlation between these indices and the selection of femoral modular stem was analyzed. Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) and likelihood statistics were performed to investigate the discriminating and predictive value of each index in selecting modular stem.

Results

Two hundred and thirty hips were included in the study. FA increased as the subluxation percentage increased: type I, 21.5°; type II, 28.6°; type III, 34.9°; and type IV, 39.7°. AA was smaller in type I (16.9°) and higher in types II, III, and IV (18.9–22.6°). The area under the curve for the modular stem was 0.87 for FA, 0.86 for CA, and 0.65 for AA. The optimal cutoff values were FA > 32.6°, CA > 50.7°, and AA > 23.3°.

Conclusion

Excessive AA and femoral anteversion FA were observed in Crowe types II, III, and IV cases. FA and CA demonstrated strong discriminative ability and predictive value in the selection of a modular stem. The best cutoff values were ≥32.6° for FA and ≥50.7° for CA in discriminating the use of modular stem. Surgeons may contemplate the use of a modular stem when the preoperative evaluation approaches the cutoff value.
Identification of QTL Associated With Luteolin Content in Peanut (Arachis hypogaea L.) Shells
Authors: Zou Kunyan , Choi Minjae , Lee Jeong‐Dong , Kim Kyung Do , Lim Hyeon Do , Kim Ki‐Seung , Jun Tae‐Hwan
Published: August 2024

Investigating the inheritance and genetic variation of luteolin content in peanut shells is pivotal for developing improved cultivars with high luteolin content. In this study, we developed a genetic map spanning 976.8 cM using 115 highly advanced recombinant inbred lines (RILs) and the Axiom_Arachis array containing 58K single‐nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs). Quantitative trait locus (QTL) analysis was then performed using phenotype data from 2‐year field trials. From these analyses, we identified three significant QTLs with 4.1%–11.7% phenotypic variation explained (PVE) for luteolin content in peanut shells. We further identified five candidate genes with putative functions suggesting possible involvement in plant flavonoid and terpenoid biosynthetic pathways in peanut luteolin biosynthesis. Additionally, two new peanut inbreeding lines with high luteolin and oleic acid levels were selected and are expected to be used as multifunctional genomic backgrounds for future breeding and research programs. The information on the QTL regions and candidate genes from the present study could be very useful for developing new peanut cultivars with high luteolin content and for identifying the genetic/genomic determinants of luteolin content in peanut shells.
Genetic and Phenotypic Trends for Production and Reproduction Traits in Murrah Buffaloes
Authors: Sharma Rohit , Dahiya Satpal , Bangar Yogesh Chandrakant , Hada Renuka , Yadav Dipin Chander
Published: August 2024

The objective of the study was to estimate genetic and phenotypic trends for first lactation production and reproduction traits in Murrah buffaloes. The information of pedigree and targeted traits of 640 Murrah buffaloes was collected for the period from 1997 to 2020. The first lactation production traits included first lactation milk yield (FLMY), 305 days first lactation milk yield (305FLMY), first lactation length (FLL), first lactation peak yield (FPY) whereas reproduction traits included first service period (FSP), first calving interval (FCI) and first dry period (FDP). Genetic and phenotypic trends were estimated. Phenotypic trends for FLMY, 305FLMY, FLL and FPY exhibited as 36.96 ± 8.58 kg/year, 31.93 ± 8.34 kg/year, 1.47 ± 0.55 days/year and 0.12 ± 0.02 kg/year, respectively and respective genetic trends exhibited as 3.73 ± 1.67 kg/year, 1.94 ± 0.76 kg/year, −0.15 ± 0.07 days/year and 0.01 ± 0.01 kg/year, respectively. It was revealed that there were significant (p < 0.05) and positive phenotypic trends for all production traits while genetic trends were significant (p < 0.05) for FLMY and 305FLMY traits. The phenotypic trends of studied reproductive traits indicated that only FDP trait significantly (p < 0.01) decreased (1.87 days/year) over time. For FSP and FCI traits, nonsignificant (p > 0.05) genetic and phenotypic trends indicated no change over time. This study highlighted potential challenges in maintaining reproductive efficiency alongside productivity improvements in Murrah buffaloes.
Cervix–Deep Rectal Temperature Differential on the Day of Ovulation is Correlated With Embryo Recovery Results in Mares
Authors: Funes Javier , Ismer Ann , Hoogewijs Maarten , Wilsher Sandra
Published: August 2024

Variations in temperature throughout the reproductive tract have been noted in many species. A recent study found the cervix–rectum temperature differential (CR‐TD) in cattle was related to fertility. The present study aimed to assess the CR‐TD in mares around the time of ovulation and relate it to embryo recover. Over 52 cycles, mares were inseminated with a fertile stallion and embryo recovery was undertaken on Day 7 post ovulation. Further 10 control mares were not inseminated. Rectal and cervical temperatures were measured using a precision thermometer on four or five occasions: the day of deslorelin administration and insemination, the day before ovulation, the day of ovulation (Day 0), the day after ovulation and, for inseminated mares, before embryo recovery on Day 7. One‐way ANOVA showed that the CR‐TD was significantly lower on the day of ovulation in the 36 positive cycles, in which an embryo was recovered, versus the 16 in which the embryo flush was negative (0.21 ± 0.17 vs. 0.40 ± 0.09°C; p < 0.001). Control cycles showed equivalent CR‐TD to positive (0.13 ± 0.22 vs. 0.21 ± 0.17°C; p = 0.196) but not negative cycles (0.13 ± 0.22 vs. 0.40 ± 0.09°C; p < 0.001). A positive embryo recovery was associated with lower CR‐TDs from the time of insemination and deslorelin to the day after ovulation compared to the day of embryo flushing (RM ANOVA; p < 0.001; Pairwise comparisons; p ≤ 0.01, in all cases). Rectal or cervical temperatures per se showed no significant differences between positive, negative or control cycles at any time point. In conclusion, a thermoregulatory process occurs close to ovulation which results in a lower CR‐TD in cycles that produced an embryo versus those which did not. Further characterisation of TDs within the reproductive tract of the mare would increase our understanding of the conditions required for optimum fertility.
Transforming Motion Into Sound: A Novel Sonification Approach for Teams of Mobile Robots
Authors: Kacem Amal , Zbiss Khalil , Mohammadi Alireza
Published: August 2024

Despite the inherent need for enhancing human-robot interaction (HRI) by non-visually communicating robotic movements and intentions, the application of bonification (the translation of data into audible information) within the field of robotics remains underexplored. This paper investigates the problem of designing sonification algorithms that translate the motion of teams of industrial mobile robots to non-speech sounds. Our proposed solution leverages the wave space sonification (WSS) framework and utilizes localized wave fields with specific orientations within the system configuration space. This WSS-based algorithm generates sounds from the motion data of mobile robots so that the resulting audio exhibits a chosen timbre when the robots pass near designated configurations or move along desired directions. To demonstrate its versatility, the WSS-based sonification algorithm is applied to a team of OMRON LD series autonomous mobile robots, sonifying their motion patterns with pure tonal sounds.
Modelling Posture-Dependent Denavit-Hartenberg Errors of a Six-Axis Robotic Manipulator
Authors: Cui Tianhao , Ibaraki Soichi
Published: August 2024

Industrial robots are increasingly considered as a potential alternative especially for machining tasks while the poor positioning accuracy prevented it from broader application. Model-based compensation, which improves the accuracy of a nominal model by incorporating additional error parameters, is acknowledged as an effective and efficient solution. In such a compensation, the precision of the kinematic model’s predictions is crucial for achieving high accuracy robotic machining. Many researchers employed the conventional Denavit-Hartenberg (D-H) error model, which describes the kinematic errors by positional and orientational deviations of axis average lines. However, it has been noticed that the identification results of D-H errors could vary with the posture of downstream axes. Such phenomena cannot be properly captured by a set of static D-H error parameters. This research introduces a novel modelling scheme that contains posture-dependent D-H errors. Validation results demonstrate that the proposed posture-dependent model improves the positioning accuracy of the investigated robot with satisfactory performance, which reveals the posture-dependent properties of D-H errors.
A Proposal of Production Planning Method Including Parts Allocation Change for Realization of Mass Customization
Authors: Kokuryo Daisuke , Kaihara Toshiya , Tsutsui Shinsuke , Harano Kenichi , Nomura Yasuhiro
Published: August 2024

To realize mass-customization, it is important to have a production planning method that takes into account fluctuations in demand for each product, including customized products, and changes in production conditions. We have proposed a production planning method that takes advantage of the modularity of parts and changes parts allocation based on indicators of due dates and processing progress. In this paper, we propose a production planning method that integrates make-to-stock production for standard products including parts inventory replenishment and order production for customized products that respond to demand fluctuations by changing parts allocation. In the planning phase, the proposed method creates an appropriate processing schedule that takes into account additions to the parts inventory using a combinatorial auction technique. In the operational phase, the proposed method introduces parts allocation from inventory stock and dynamic parts allocation changes for achievement of due date and improvement of production efficacy. Computer experiments are conducted to verify its effectiveness.
Development of Training Simulator With Graphs of Operational Status for Efficient Acquisition of Pouring Skill in Casting Industry
Authors: Miura Takumi , Noda Yoshiyuki
Published: August 2024

This paper contributes to a training simulator for acquiring efficiently skill of pouring work in casting industry. The real pouring process is dangerous environment for the worker because treatment of the high temperature molten metal. On the other hand, the skilled operation is required for pouring precisely the molten metal into the mold. Therefore, we develop the training simulator for acquiring safely the skill of pouring work using the computer simulation technology in this study. In the developed simulator, the operational status of the pouring work can be indicated quantitatively with the graphic representation for acquiring efficiently the skill of pouring work. The efficacy of the developed training simulator was verified by the training experiments.
Developing a Research Instrument to Capture and Understand the Individual Perception of Artificial Intelligence and Automation in Manufacturing
Authors: Kumar Pavan , Adebayo Oredola , Patel Apurva , Summers Joshua D.
Published: August 2024

The continued rise of manufacturing automation and the prospect of integrating artificial intelligence in manufacturing environments renews the need for understanding how different stakeholders within an organization perceive the implementation of such technologies. This paper presents a research instrument designed to capture and understand perceptions of employees at different levels of an organization. A multimodal data collection approach is used to gather participant responses using surveys, focus group discussions, and interviews. Qualitative and quantitative data collected from six manufacturing companies is analyzed to identify general themes in terms of participation, communication, level of understanding, and alignment to company goals. Definitions provided by participants are also analyzed to determine participant level of familiarity with concepts of AI and automation. The study demonstrates the usability of the research instrument. Preliminary findings suggest that many of the companies are ill prepared for implementing artificial intelligence in their organizations. Finally, future analysis of the collected data is discussed, and potential improvements to the research instrument are presented.
Membrane-electrode junction properties for optimum potentiometric hydrogen sensor response
Authors: Jo Kyeong Joon , Jung Soon-Won , Jung Ji Eun , Lee Ga-Eun , Kim Seong-Cheol , Lee Seung-Yun
Published: August 2024

Technology for monitoring the concentration of high-concentration hydrogen gas, which is used as a fuel for hydrogen fuel cell vehicles, is urgently needed to be developed to maximize vehicle fuel efficiency. To improve the detection performance of the proton conductor-based hydrogen sensor, a membrane electrode assembly (MEA) consisting of a Nafion membrane and a Pt-C composite electrode was manufactured and applied to the hydrogen sensor. The hot press method was used to manufacture the MEA, and the junction characteristics were optimized by changing pressure, temperature, and time. The MEA was manufactured at a pressure range of 2–5 MPa, a temperature range of 40–80 °C, and a time range of 60–120 s, and the sheet resistance of the MEA was measured to investigate its dependence on the bonding process conditions. When the electrode-Nafion junction temperature and pressure were high, the MEA was stuck to the substrate or paper sheet and could not be separated into a discrete MEA. Additionally, when the temperature was low, the junction strength was insufficient, causing the Nafion and electrode to separate from each other. Through this study, it was confirmed that a robust and conductive MEA was obtained under optimal bonding conditions of 2 MPa, 60 °C, and 60 s, and the sensitivity of the hydrogen sensor was significantly improved.
Micronuclear collapse from oxidative damage
Authors: Di Bona Melody , Chen Yanyang , Agustinus Albert S. , Mazzagatti Alice , Duran Mercedes A. , Deyell Matthew , Bronder Daniel , Hickling James , Hong Christy , Scipioni Lorenzo , Tedeschi Giulia , Martin Sara , Li Jun , Ruzgaitė Aušrinė , Riaz Nadeem , Shah Parin , D’Souza Edridge K. , Brodtman D. Zack , Sidoli Simone , Diplas Bill , Jalan Manisha , Lee Nancy Y. , Ordureau Alban , Izar Benjamin , Laughney Ashley M. , Powell Simon , Gratton Enrico , Santaguida Stefano , Maciejowski John , Ly Peter , Jeitner Thomas M. , Bakhoum Samuel F.
Published: August 2024

Chromosome-containing micronuclei are a hallmark of aggressive cancers. Micronuclei frequently undergo irreversible collapse, exposing their enclosed chromatin to the cytosol. Micronuclear rupture catalyzes chromosomal rearrangements, epigenetic abnormalities, and inflammation, yet mechanisms safeguarding micronuclear integrity are poorly understood. In this study, we found that mitochondria-derived reactive oxygen species (ROS) disrupt micronuclei by promoting a noncanonical function of charged multivesicular body protein 7 (CHMP7), a scaffolding protein for the membrane repair complex known as endosomal sorting complex required for transport III (ESCRT-III). ROS retained CHMP7 in micronuclei while disrupting its interaction with other ESCRT-III components. ROS-induced cysteine oxidation stimulated CHMP7 oligomerization and binding to the nuclear membrane protein LEMD2, disrupting micronuclear envelopes. Furthermore, this ROS-CHMP7 pathological axis engendered chromosome shattering known to result from micronuclear rupture. It also mediated micronuclear disintegrity under hypoxic conditions, linking tumor hypoxia with downstream processes driving cancer progression.
Interplanetary rendezvous at a solar wind stream
Authors: Sorriso-Valvo Luca , Malara Francesco
Published: August 2024

A rare alignment of two spacecraft near the Sun captures energetics in the heliosphere
Akkermansia muciniphila
alleviates abdominal aortic aneurysms via restoring CITED2 activated by EPAS1
Authors: Wang Siqing , Shi Hang , Cheng Yue , Jiang Lei , Lou Yang , Kumar Manish , Sun Mingfei , Shao Xianze , Zhao Xuan , Wang Baichun
Published: August 2024

Abdominal aortic aneurysm (AAA) is a life-threatening cardiovascular disease that has been linked to gut microbiome dysbiosis. Therefore, this study aims to investigate the effects of
Akkermansia muciniphila
(
Am
) on AAA mice and the biomolecules involved. AAA mice were generated using angiotensin II (Ang II), and 16sRNA sequencing was used to identify an altered abundance of microbiota in the feces of AAA mice. Vascular smooth muscle cell (VSMC) markers and apoptosis, and macrophage infiltration in mouse aortic tissues were examined. The abundance of
Am
was reduced in AAA mouse feces, and endothelial PAS domain-containing protein 1 (EPAS1) was downregulated in AAA mice and VSMC induced with Ang II.
Am
delayed AAA progression in mice, which was blunted by knockdown of EPAS1. EPAS1 was bound to the Cbp/p300-interacting transactivator 2 (CITED2) promoter and promoted CITED2 transcription. CITED2 reduced VSMC apoptosis and delayed AAA progression. Moreover, EPAS1 inhibited macrophage inflammatory response by promoting CITED2 transcription. In conclusion, gut microbiome dysbiosis in AAA induces EPAS1-mediated dysregulation of CITED2 to promote macrophage inflammatory response and VSMC apoptosis.
Screening college athletes for sexual violence: athletes’ experiences and opinions on best practices
Authors: DeStefano Sherilyn , Peterson Emily , Pham Derek C , Jackson Nicholas J , Tarn Derjung M , Florczyk Dena , Nattiv Aurelia
Published: August 2024

Objectives

College athletes are at elevated risk for sexual violence, yet few formally report it and screening for sexual violence is uncommon. This study aimed to evaluate the nature of screening occurring among college athletes and collect athletes’ opinions on how best to screen for sexual violence.

Methods

This was a mixed-methods study combining a cross-sectional survey with small group interviews. Intercollegiate and club athletes 18 years and older at a division I institution were recruited to complete an online, anonymous survey. Those who completed the survey were invited to participate in follow-up interviews. Quantitative data were analysed using descriptive statistics and qualitative data were analysed inductively using thematic analysis.

Results

165 athletes completed the survey. Only 25% of respondents reported past screening for any type of interpersonal violence, and only 22% reported past screening for sexual abuse and 21% for sexual harassment. 12 student–athletes participated in follow-up interviews. Athletes suggested several best practices including normalising conversation about sexual violence, empowering athletes to maintain a sense of control around disclosure, building trust and providing multiple opportunities for discussion and disclosure.

Conclusion

Less than one-quarter of athletes in this study have been screened for sexual violence. Sensitive and effective screening practices should include providing safe environments, initiating the conversation, offering multiple opportunities for disclosure, and ensuring personnel completing screening are knowledgeable on what to do in case of a disclosure. These can inform screening and educational practices to decrease stigma, support those affected and ultimately decrease the incidence of sexual violence victimisation.
Metabolomic profiles of incident gallstone disease
Authors: Uche-Anya Eugenia , Ha Jane , Balasubramanian Raji , Rexrode Kathryn M , Chan Andrew T
Published: August 2024

Background and aims

Gallstone disease affects ≥40 million people in the USA and accounts for health costs of ≥$4 billion a year. Risk factors such as obesity and metabolic syndrome are well established. However, data are limited on relevant metabolomic alterations that could offer mechanistic and predictive insights into gallstone disease. This study prospectively identifies and externally validates circulating prediagnostic metabolites associated with incident gallstone disease.

Methods

Female participants in Nurses’ Health Study (NHS) and Nurses’ Health Study II (NHS II) who were free of known gallstones (N=9960) were prospectively followed up after baseline metabolomic profiling with liquid chromatography–tandem mass spectrometry. Multivariable logistic regression and enrichment analysis were used to identify metabolites and metabolite groups associated with incident gallstone disease at PFDR<0.05. Findings were validated in 1866 female participants in the Women’s Health Initiative and a comparative analysis was performed with 2178 male participants in the Health Professionals Follow-up Study.

Results

After multivariate adjustment for lifestyle and putative risk factors, we identified and externally validated 17 metabolites associated with incident gallstone disease in women—nine triacylglycerols (TAGs) and diacylglycerols (DAGs) were positively associated, while eight plasmalogens and cholesterol ester (CE) were negatively associated. Enrichment analysis in male and female cohorts revealed positive class associations with DAGs, TAGs (≤56 carbon atoms and ≤3 double bonds) and de novo TAG biosynthesis pathways, as well as inverse associations with CEs.

Conclusions

This study highlights several metabolites (TAGs, DAGs, plasmalogens and CE) that could be implicated in the aetiopathogenesis of gallstone disease and serve as clinically relevant markers.
Dynamic behaviors of the interaction solutions of the Zakharov equation
Authors: Yuan Feng , Ghanbari Behzad
Published: August 2024

This paper aims to employ the Darboux transformation (DT) to discover the interaction solutions of the Zakharov equation (Eq. ( 1.2 ) for [Formula: see text]). Through partial degradation of eigenvalues, interaction solutions of the model are constructed on the basis of high-order breather solutions. The study derives interaction solutions involving breather and b-positon solutions through partial degradation of eigenvalues ([Formula: see text]). Further, interaction solutions comprising breather and lump solutions are obtained through partial double degradation of eigenvalues ([Formula: see text]). Then, several interaction solutions containing b-positon and lump solutions are extracted through mixed degradation of eigenvalues ([Formula: see text] and [Formula: see text]). In particular, the dynamic evolution characteristics of these solutions are studied. It is believed that these studies make a significant contribution to the understanding of the Zakharov equation and its possible applications in physics.
Memory Principle of the MATLAB Code for Lyapunov Exponents of Fractional-Order
Authors: Danca Marius-F. , Fečkan Michal
Published: August 2024

This paper presents two representative classes of Impulsive Fractional Differential Equations defined with generalized Caputo’s derivative, with fixed lower limit and changing lower limit, respectively. Memory principle is studied and numerical examples are considered. The problem of the memory principle of the MATLAB code for Lyapunov exponents of fractional-order systems [ Danca & Kuznetsov ,  2018 ] is analyzed.
Base Force Element Method for Finite Strain Problems Based on Artificial Neural Network
Authors: Li Zhonghai , Peng Yijiang
Published: August 2024

The combination of artificial intelligence and finite element method (FEM) is a hot topic in the field of computational mechanics. This study proposes a novel base force element method (BFEM) for finite strain problems based on the complementary energy principle. Using the back-propagation (BP) neural network in the field of artificial intelligence to construct the constitutive relationship of the BFEM for finite strain problems. First, a BFEM model for finite strain problems was derived. Second, using the BP neural network model and learning from test samples, a constitutive relationship for incompressible finite strain problems has been efficiently established. Third, the program has been upgraded using parallel computing and sparse matrices, which greatly improves the computational efficiency of this study. Finally, several finite strain examples were used to verify the correctness of the BFEM based on the BP neural network proposed in this study, as well as the efficiency of the parallel computing method. This study combines BP neural network with a new type of FEM — BFEM, which fills the gap in using complementary energy FEM to calculate the finite strain problem of incompressible hyperelastic materials.