bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Progression of Information Sharing, Managing and Storage Using Cloud Environment
Authors: Niranjanamurthy M. , Yogish H. K. , Abhishek K. L. , Amulya M. P.
Published: December 2020

Nowadays every big and small IT industry has at least one application using the cloud technology. In 2016, Amazon Web Services, a leading provider of public cloud, generated $ 12.2 billion in net sales and its increase each year. The proposed cloud framework is an assistance
wherein information is distantly overseen, oversaw and upheld up. The administration is accessible to clients on a system, which is commonly the Internet. The proposed cloud framework offers two alternatives for the client to oversee records, one is Cloudinary, the other is in the application.
Clients have a choice to back up their data and records. Individuals can transfer and make records web based, setting them in the favored area. Specifically, reinforcements become increasingly versatile and helpful for clients when the record is available on the Internet. Moreover, clients
can get to their data through an assortment of gadgets. In our application, we implemented chatting system, which will help users to chat with other user. User can chat in group as well as personal chat they can do. This application is accessible by all digital devices, which have web browsers
and internet connectivity. There are many other different features, which can be performed by users they are Rename of files, deletion of files from their account, Export files.
The Use of Nanostructured Gibberellic Acid to Optimize the Cultivation of Echinacea purpurea (L.) Moench In Vitro
Authors: Maslova Elena V. , Krolevets Alexander A. , Gaidai Polina A. , Kalashnikova Elena A. , Cherednichenko Mikhail Y. , Kirakosyan Rima N. , Perelygina Tatyana A.
Published: December 2020

The sterilization process of plant explants of E. purpurea was optimized when introduced into an In Vitro culture, the most effective sterilizers, their exposure time and concentration were selected. An approach to increase the yield of plant explants seedlings from Echinacea
purpurea (L.) Moench seeds is proposed. During the study an effective action time of 1 hour and a concentration of 1% nanocapsulated gibberellic acid were selected for more successful seed germination and cultivation of E. purpurea in vitro. This mode is at the same time the most
economical both in terms of exposure time and in the minimum consumption of the active substance. The most optimal media compositions were determined, both for microclonal propagation and for the formation of E. purpurea callus tissue in in vitro culture.
Analysis of the Microorganism’s Sensitivity in Patients with Chronic Adenoiditis to Pharmacotherapy with Antibacterial Drugs
Authors: Druzhikin Leontiy V. , Druzhikina Elena S. , Alekhin Sergey A. , Artyushkova Elena B. , Dolzhikov Alexander A. , Danilenko Lyudmila M. , Provotorov Vladimir Y.
Published: December 2020

Introduction: The prevalence of chronic pathology of the pharyngeal lymphatic system in preschool children reaches 45% and is mainly manifested by hypertrophy of adenoid vegetations, which in half of cases are combined with chronic inflammation, which, with repeated periods of
exacerbation, leads to the development of severe chronic pathology of the upper respiratory tract. The role of microorganisms toleranceto pharmacological agents is widely proven in formation of chronic inflammatory disorders and demand correction of therapeutic schemes. Research tasks:
The aim of this research was to study the microbial landscape of oropharynx in children who received surgical for adenoiditis and determine the sensitivity of the identified microorganisms to the pharmacotherapy with antibiotics. Material and Methods: We conducted a study of 1577 children
aged from 1 year to 17 years and 11 months who received inpatient treatment at the otorhinolaryngological Department of the OO “Scientific and clinical multidisciplinary center named after Z. I. Kruglaya” in the city of Oryol in the period from 2015 to 2017 for hypertrophy of adenoid
vegetations. The patients were divided into three groups based on the years of the study. The study of the oropharyngeal microbial association was performed by preparing a smear followed by Gram staining and bacterioscopy. Determination of the sensitivity of microorganisms to antibacterial
drugs was performed by discdiffusion method. Results: We found in patients oropharynx microbial landscape with hypertrophy of chronic vegetation in dynamics over the period from 2015 to 2017, an increase in the number of opportunistic saprophytic flora was detected, which was observed
against the background of a clear increase in the number of patients with this pathology an increase in the number of cases associated with saprophytic MRCA flora, represented mainly by Staphylococcus aureus, leads to a decrease in the effectiveness of conservative treatment of chronic adenoiditis,
which is expressed in an increase in the number of adenotomies. Conclusion: The study revealed negative consequences of uncontrolled use of antibiotic therapy at the pre-hospital stage and irrational schemes of chemotherapy in hospital units, which is manifested in the growing resistance
of microorganisms to both “old” antibacterial drugs and a decrease in sensitivity to pharmacotherapy with the latest generation of antibiotics and requires active revision of the schemes of antibiotic therapy and prevention.
The pleasures of food and the good life
Authors: Jorgenson Cameron H. J.
Published: December 2020

Contrary to the claims of some critics, the Christian tradition is not opposed to bodily pleasure. In fact, approached rightly, the pleasures of good food and drink can be occasions of divine encounter. Despite outlying examples of extreme asceticism, Christianity holds two truths in tension: pleasure is rooted in the goodness of God and God’s creative work, and yet, due to human “disordered loves,” pleasure can be powerfully corrosive to virtue. This article explores the tension by sketching the history of caution toward the pleasures of the palate by way of select philosophers and theologians (Pythagoras and Plato, the Desert Fathers and Mothers, Thomas Aquinas, and contemporary figures such as C. S. Lewis and Norman Wirzba). Drawing on the theology of the icon and Aquinas’s distinction between joy and delight, this article also offers a constructive case that affirms the goodness of pleasure and its positive role in spiritual formation such that even humble onions and coffee mugs can serve as implements of worship.
The Life-Course Theory of Serial Killing: A Motivation Model
Authors: Deepak S. A. , Ramdoss S.
Published: December 2020

Case studies were conducted on eight serial killers in India who were inmates in central prisons of Kerala and Tamil Nadu. The study is a pioneering one on serial killers in the locale of the study. All available information about the lives of offenders were collected through multiple sources, including in-depth interviews with serial killers in the prisons, interviews of relatives of the killers, surviving victims, Investigators, crime scene studies, etc. The collected data have been chronologically arranged to construct biographies of the offenders. The rich biographies were carefully analyzed to construct an inclusive motivation model that can explain the process of individuals evolving into serial killers from a life-course approach. The motivation in each of the eight cases was explained with the proposed motivation model. The constructed motivation model is unique from the existing models, which were mostly rigid and, therefore, not applicable to cases outside the studies. The model proposes three critical determinants for explaining the evolution of a person into a serial killer, “nature,” “Deep Resting Life Factor,” and “key Incidents.” The study found a relatively short incident named “trigger” in the lives of six serial killers, which played a significant role in bringing out the dormant killer instinct and push the subjects toward the first murder. The comparative analysis of the motivation in different cases revealed that though there were recurring factors in the lives of serial killers, their interactions were more important than standalone factors. The study also found that there are no predetermined recipes for the making of a killer like some past researchers claimed.
Dynamics of India–Central Asia Relations: An Appraisal of Historical Legacy with Special Reference to Overland Trade
Authors: Abdullah Darakhshan
Published: December 2020

The article seeks to provide glimpses into the multidimension relations with special reference to trade relations that existed between India and Central Asia right from ancient times, which reached their climax during Mughal times. The article reveals that these relations continued unprecedented despite complex geophysical forces, namely formidable mountains, undulating deserts, unending plains together with the periodical political convulsions especially the triangular rivalry between the three mighty powers of the region, i.e., the Mughals of India, the Uzbeks of Central Asia and the Safavids of Persia. The study of contemporary sources reveals that each power tried at its best to encourage the trade by providing safety and security to the trading caravans carrying different mercantile. The brisk trade relations received a serious jolt when the two regions became part of colonial empires, i.e., the Britain and Russia. Though indirect political and cultural relations were restored by India with the former Soviet Central Asia, yet disintegration of the USSR and the subsequent emergence of independent Central Asian states, which, in search of new allies for the nation-building process, establishment of market economy and democratic set up, offered a golden opportunity to India, being an immediate neighbour in the region, for restoring and reviving its historical legacy. The historical study carried out in this article intends to provide insights into twenty-first-century Indian policy planers for establishing strong multidimensional relations for regional cooperation and sustainable development, apart from maintaining balance of political power.
Prediction of collapse in femoral head osteonecrosis: role of volumetric assessment
Authors: Ansari Sajid , Goyal Tarun , Kalia Roop B , Paul Souvik , Singh Sanny
Published: December 2020

Purpose:

The purpose of this study was to evaluate and compare the accuracy of three different techniques of measuring the extent of osteonecrosis involvement of the femoral head on MRI to determine the best predictor of collapse and to identify the size of the lesion volume which best predicts collapse.

Methods:

We prospectively enrolled 48 hips of osteonecrosis femoral head (ONFH) with stage 1 or 2 osteonecrosis and the enrolled patients were followed up for 1 year. Angular measurements (modified Kerboul Angle and modified index of necrotic extent) were compared with the 3D volumetric measurement of necrotic lesion based on MRI in predicting the collapse of the head. ROC analysis was done to evaluate the diagnostic performance of the 3 indices in predicting collapse. Survival analysis of all the hips in the collapsed and non-collapsed group were interpreted using Kaplan Meir survival analysis.

Results:

In lesion sizes larger than 25% of femoral head volume - 90.6% (29/32) of hips collapsed within 1 year as compared to 31.3% (5/16) hips collapsed in lesion volume <25% of femoral head (Log-rank test p = 0.001). There was good inter-observer (ICC, 0.94; 95% CI, 0.89–0.97) and intra-observer reliability (ICC, 0.93; 95% CI, 0.88–0.96).

Conclusions:

The Volumetric method assessed the severity of lesion size with the future collapse better and more predictably than angular measurements. Necrotic lesion volume of 25% is a potential cut off beyond which future collapse of early ONFH can be predicted and aid in the further management. This study can help in solving the mystery behind prediction of collapse in ONFH.
Genetic stability, genetic variation, and fitness performance of the genetic sexing Salaya1 strain for Bactrocera dorsalis, under long-term mass rearing conditions
Authors: Aketarawong Nidchaya , Isasawin Siriwan , Laohakieat Kamoltip , Thanaphum Sujinda
Published: December 2020

Background

A genetic sexing strain (GSS) is an essential component for pest control using the sterile insect technique (SIT). A GSS is developed using a combination of Y-autosome translocation and a selectable marker such as pupal color, resulting in heterozygous males and homozygous females that possess wild-type brown pupae (wp+) and mutant white pupae (wp) alleles, respectively. The genetic sexing Salaya1 strain developed forBactrocera dorsaliswas evaluated using a clean stream and scaled-up for subsequent production lines (e.g., initiation, injection, and release). Colony management under small- and large-scale conditions for long-term rearing may affect the sexing system, genetic background, and fitness performance of the strain. Routine monitoring was applied to study genetic stability, genetic variation, and male mating competitiveness.

Results

The percentage of recombinants was significantly different between males (wp) and females (wp+), ranging between 0.21–0.43% and 0.01–0.04%, respectively. Using 106 bands from six ISSR markers, the genetic backgrounds of two generations (F40andF108) of the clean stream were found to be almost identical (0.960), and between those two generations and the wild population, the similarities were 0.840 and 0.800, respectively. In addition, the sterile males performed well in competitive mating with fertile females (Relative Sterility Index = 0.67 ± 0.13). The rates of fliers calculated from both clean and release streams were higher than 0.95. Regarding the fitness of the Salaya1 strain, the fertility and pupal recovery were similar in all production lines. The sex ratio (Male/Female) distortion was also recorded.

Conclusions

The Salaya1 strain reared at the mass-rearing facility retained its genetic stability, genetic variation, behavior (e.g., competitive mating and flight ability), and traits related to fitness for at least 10 consecutive generations. The filter rearing system is effective at minimising the selection pressure while maintaining the genetic background and fitness performances of the clean stream. These characteristics were stable throughout the production lines. In addition, the production efficiency is comparable among the different production lines and other similar types of GSSs.
Targeting the autosomal Ceratitis capitata transformer gene using Cas9 or dCas9 to masculinize XX individuals without inducing mutations
Authors: Primo Pasquale , Meccariello Angela , Inghilterra Maria Grazia , Gravina Andrea , Del Corsano Giuseppe , Volpe Gennaro , Sollazzo Germano , Aceto Serena , Robinson Mark D. , Salvemini Marco , Saccone Giuseppe
Published: December 2020

Background

Females of the Mediterranean fruit flyCeratitis capitata(Medfly) are major agricultural pests, as they lay eggs into the fruit crops of hundreds of plant species. In Medfly, female sex determination is based on the activation ofCctransformer(Cctra). A maternal contribution ofCctrais required to activateCctraitself in the XX embryos and to start and epigenetically maintain aCctrapositive feedback loop, by female-specific alternative splicing, leading to female development. In XY embryos, the male determiningMaleness-on-the-Ygene (MoY) blocks this activation andCctraproduces male-specific transcripts encoding truncated CcTRA isoforms and male differentiation occurs.

Results

With the aim of inducing frameshift mutations in the first coding exon to disrupt both female-specific and shorter male-specific CcTRA open reading frames (ORF), we injected Cas9 ribonucleoproteins (Cas9 and single guide RNA, sgRNA) in embryos. As this approach leads to mostly monoallelic mutations, masculinization was expected only in G1XX individuals carrying biallelic mutations, following crosses of G0injected individuals. Surprisingly, these injections into XX-only embryos led to G0adults that included not only XX females but also 50% of reverted fertile XX males. The G0XX males expressed male-specificCctratranscripts, suggesting full masculinization. Interestingly, out of six G0XX males, four displayed theCctrawild type sequence. This finding suggests that masculinization by Cas9-sgRNA injections was independent from its mutagenic activity. In line with this observation, embryonic targeting ofCctrain XX embryos by a dead Cas9 (enzymatically inactive, dCas9) also favoured a male-specific splicing ofCctra, in both embryos and adults.

Conclusions

Our data suggest that the establishment ofCctrafemale-specific autoregulation during the early embryogenesis has been repressed in XX embryos by the transient binding of the Cas9-sgRNA on the first exon of theCctragene. This hypothesis is supported by the observation that the shift ofCctrasplicing from female to male mode is induced also by dCas9. Collectively, the present findings corroborate the idea that a transient embryonic inactivation ofCctrais sufficient for male sex determination.
Clinical and radiological outcome after anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction using the T-lock Osteotrans resorbable tendon anchor: early experience and midterm follow-up
Authors: Bangert Y. , Jaber A. , Wünnemann F. , Berrsche G. , Streich N. , Rehnitz C. , Ott H. , Barié A.
Published: December 2020

Purpose

Reconstruction of the Anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) using tendon grafting is an established method for restoring knee function and stability. Multiple methods are established for graft fixation. Several involve anchoring the autograft distant to the joint with hardware that remains implanted. This study reports the first early to midterm results in patients who received ACL reconstruction (ACLR) using the T-Lock Osteotrans femoral near joint fixation method with a tibial fixation using the BioactIF Osteotrans interference screw.

Methods

This consecutive prospective series included 20 Patients (14 Male, 6 Female) with a primary ACL rupture. All patients were treated with an ACLR using a semitendinosus autograft fixated with the T-Lock Osteotrans and were followed-up postoperatively. The following parameters were assessed: Side-to-side difference of the posterior-anterior translation measured using the KT-1000 arthrometer, Tegner activity score, Lysholm score, IKDC subjective knee evaluation form. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) was done to assess tunnel enlargement and integrity of the anchoring device.

Results

The average follow-up duration was 2 years (range 1–4.2 years). One patient was lost to follow-up. Two Patients suffered a traumatic ACL re-rupture 2 years postoperatively and received a 2-stage revision ACLR. Difference in the posterior-anterior translation was 1.8 mm (range 0–5). The median Tegner score was 6 (range 4–10) and 9 patients (45%) returned to their preinjury level of activity. The mean IKDC subjective knee evaluation form scored 91 points (range 77–100). The mean Lysholm score was 86 points (74–96). All mentioned scores were significantly better compared to preoperative values. No relevant tunnel enlargement was seen on MRI. The anchoring device was evaluated to be intact in all patients.

Conclusion

ACLR with the aforementioned procedure leads to good clinical and radiological outcome.
Impact of downstream effects of glucocorticoid receptor dysfunction on organ function in critical illness-associated systemic inflammation
Authors: Wepler Martin , Preuss Jonathan M. , Merz Tamara , McCook Oscar , Radermacher Peter , Tuckermann Jan P. , Vettorazzi Sabine
Published: December 2020

Glucocorticoids (GCs) are stress hormones that regulate developmental and physiological processes and are among the most potent anti-inflammatory drugs to suppress chronic and acute inflammation. GCs act through the glucocorticoid receptor (GR), a ubiquitously expressed ligand-activated transcription factor, which translocates into the nucleus and can act via two different modes, as a GR monomer or as a GR dimer. These two modes of action are not clearly differentiated in practice and may lead to completely different therapeutic outcomes. Detailed aspects of GR mechanisms are often not taken into account when GCs are used in different clinical scenarios. Patients, with critical illness-related corticosteroid insufficiency, treated with natural or synthetic GCs are still missing a clearly defined therapeutic strategy. This review discusses the different modes of GR function and its importance on organ function in vivo.
Dynamics of Short-ain Montreal and Quebec City English
Authors: Friesner Michael , Kastronic Laura , Lamontagne Jeffrey
Published: December 2020

This study compares the effects of city and ethnicity with respect to Quebec English speakers’ participation in two ongoing changes affecting/æ/in Canadian English: retraction as part of the Canadian Vowel Shift and tensing in prenasal environments. Quebec English speakers might be expected to differ in their behavior with regard to these two phenomena as compared to other Canadian English speakers. Based on an analysis of Euclidean distances and a mixed-effects model using spontaneous speech, the authors find that Quebec English speakers are less advanced with respect to the Canadian Shift, especially speakers from Quebec City. For tensing, British-origin speakers from Montreal and Quebec City are found to pattern similarly, participating in the more widespread patterning, while Jewish and Italian speakers are moving in the opposite direction. The authors argue that this move away from characteristically Canadian patterns is an artifact of the interplay between the two phenomena under study, reflective of differential replication of the Canadian Shift in the two environments.
Workers United: Intersectionality and Labor
Authors: Williams Naomi R.
Published: December 2020

This article links the author’s interest in labor history to understanding economic justice strategies today. It highlights the ways urban politics and community building within the Racine, Wisconsin, labor community led to worker mobilizations in the late-twentieth century.
Effect of Purslane powder and Zinc supplementation on the performance, egg quality, antioxidant system and liver histopathology of lead-exposed laying Quails
Authors: FARYADI S. , SHEIKHAHMADI A. , SADEGHI A.
Published: December 2020

To determine effects of Purslane (Portulaca oleracea) and zinc supplementation in lead exposed quails, 180 adult female quails allocated into 9 groups. 1. Negative Control (NC, Fed with a corn-soy-based diet), 2. Cornsoy-based diet supplemented with 500 mg/kg lead acetate (Positive control), 3. Positive control supplemented with 0.5 % Purslane powder (PP), 4. Positive control supplemented with 1 % PP, 5. Positive control supplemented with 1.5 % PP, 6. Positive control supplemented with 140 mg/kg zinc, 7. Positive control supplemented with 0.5 % PP + 140 mg/kg zinc, 8. Positive control supplemented with 1 % PP + 140 mg/kg zinc, 9. Positive control supplemented with 1.5 % PP + 140 mg/kg zinc. Lead administration significantly decreased body weight, egg mass, egg production, liver weight, Haugh unit, serum concentrations of hematocrit, total protein, triglycerides and very low density lipoprotein concentration of quails (P<0.05). Serum alanine aminotransferase and lactate dehydrogenase activity significantly increased when compared with the NC (P<0.05). Superoxide dismutase and glutathione peroxidase activity in the liver and erythrocyte showed significant decrease (P<0.05). Lead administration resulted in a significant decrease (P<0.05) in total antioxidant capacity and increase in serum malondialdehyde. However, supplementation diet with 1.5% of PP reduced serum and liver malondialdehyde (P <0.05). Liver tissue of the birds in NC showed normal lobular architecture with central veins, radiating hepatic cords and portal triads, while this organ showed mild to severe tissue changes in lead exposed groups (P<0.05). It can be concluded that lead-exposure induced production of free radicals and weakened the antioxidant defenses of the quails. However, antioxidant status of quails partially improved when fed diets supplemented with 1.5 % PP and 140 ppm Zn.
Molecular prevalence of Toxoplasma gondii in sheep from Isfahan, Iran as detected in heart samples by loop-mediated isothermal amplification (LAMP)
Authors: RAIESZADEH H. , NOAMAN V. , RAZMI G. , JAMSHIDI A.
Published: December 2020

Toxoplasmosis is considered an important zoonosis that affects not only humans but also livestock worldwide. Small ruminants are important intermediate hosts of T. gondii. This study aimed to determine the molecular prevalence of T. gondii in the slaughtered sheep by loop-mediated isothermal amplification (LAMP) assay in Isfahan, Iran. A total of 250 sheep heart samples were collected from five different slaughterhouses in Isfahan, Iran, from October 2017 to May 2018. The LAMP assay was optimized targeting the sequence of 529 bp DNA fragments of T. gondii and detected T. gondii DNA in 96.4% (241/250) of samples. A significantly higher prevalence of T. gondii was recorded among female animals as compared to male animals (p ≤ 0.05). No statistically significant difference in T. gondii prevalence was noted between the seasons, type of animals, and age groups (p >0.05). To the best of our knowledge, the current study is the first to use the LAMP assay to determine the prevalence of T. gondii in sheep in Iran. The prevalence obtained in this study by the LAMP assay was higher than the prevalence reported by previous studies that used other methods. This study suggests that sheep meat may play a more prominent role as a source of infection of humans and the LAMP technique can be a recommended tool for accurate diagnosis of toxoplasmosis.
Effect of glauconite, sepiolite and oil supplementation on pellet quality parameters in poultry compound feed
Authors: YILDIZ G. , DURNA AYDIN Ö.
Published: December 2020

The aim of this study was conducted to determine the effect of glauconite, sepiolite and oil on pellet quality parameters in poultry compound feed. There are limited studies with supplementation of different levels of sepiolite and glauconite clay minerals in diets about pellet quality during the pelleting processes. Thus, the effect of sepiolite and glauconite on pellet quality parameters was investigated in our study. The study was carried out in two different. Firstly, 1% and 2% levels sepiolite and glauconite were added to each concentrate in pellet production without adding oil. Secondly, 1% and 2% levels of sepiolite, glauconite and 1% oil were added to the concentrates during pelleting. In both experiments, the trial consisted of 1 control and 4 trial groups. Pellet concentrate feeds were produced with 7 batches (each batch was 100 kg). The disc that has hole diameter 3.5 mm and wall thickness of 70 mm was used in production. At the end of the study, dry matter level of the pellets was statistically influenced by the addition of sepiolite, glauconite and oil in poultry compound pellet feed The lowest pellet dry matter value belongs to C and CO groups (p<0.05). Pellet durability index of poultry compound pellet feed were not statistically affected by the addition of sepiolite, glauconite and oil. Pellet water activity of poultry compound pellet feed were not statistically affected by the addition of sepiolite, glauconite and oil. However, the pellet water activity of laying hens pellet concentrates (without oil addition) were statistically affected by the addition of sepiolite and glauconite (p<0.05). Pellet water activity has the lowest value especially in the groups in which glauconite is added. In conclusion, these findings showed that glauconite, sepiolite and oil can be used for pellet quality in poultry compound feed (especially laying hen feed) and improve pellet storage conditions and due to the positive effect of glauconite and sepiolite on pellet water activity.
Feline Hypertrophic Osteopathy Associated with Congenital Megaesophagus: Two Case Reports and Literature Review
Authors: ABU-SEIDA A.M. , TORAD F.A. , HASSAN E.A. , ALI K.M.
Published: December 2020

This report describes two cases of feline hypertrophic osteopathy (HO) associated with congenital megaesophagus (ME). The diagnosis was based upon case history, physical examination, radiography and laboratory investigations. The clinical signs of both cats included; regurgitation, weakness and reluctance to walk since birth. Physical examination revealed painful and thickened long bones, swollen joints, difficult flexion of all four limbs and normal urination, defecation, appetite as well as heart and respiratory rates. The abnormal laboratory findings were thrombocytosis, leukocytosis with lymphocytosis and monocytosis. Survey and contrast thoracic radiography showed generalizedesophageal dilatation. Radiography of appendicular skeleton revealed symmetrical and massive subperiosteal new bone formation of the affected long bones and pelvis. In conclusion, radiography of extremities is highly recommended for cats admitted with congenital ME and lameness to investigate the possibility of HO. Moreover, the HO should be listed duringthe differential diagnosis of thickened limbs in cats.
The phenomenon of contemporary state's digital sovereignty in the context of global technological transformations: content and features
Authors: Volodenkov S.
Published: December 2020

The purpose of this work is to study the content, structure and functions of the phenomenon of digital sovereignty, which is primarily associated with the active introduction of digital communication technologies into the current political and socio-economic practice, acting as an influential factor in transforming modern approaches to understanding and ensuring national sovereignty as in political, and in the economic dimensions, as well as generating global challenges and risks in the field of geopolitical security of modern states. The object of the research was modern extraterritorial and distributed digital technologies, which are currently actively used in socio-political and socio-economic practice. The subject of the research - peculiarities of the transformation of the structural, functional and substantive content of the phenomenon of national digital sovereignty in the context of digitalization of the socio-political and economic spheres of its life vital for the state. The paper analyzes the current practice of digitalization of modern states and societies, based on which the key risks, challenges and threats are identified that are of most significant importance in the formation and provision of national digital sovereignty in the context of modern technological transformations. Acknowledgments: The reported study was funded by RFBR and EISR, project number 20-011-31396.

Acknowledgments: The reported study was funded by RFBR and EISR, project number 20-011-31396.
Japan's approaches to the problem of Eurasianism
Authors: Ivkina N. , Galoyan N. , Gavryushenko E. , Polyakova M.
Published: December 2020

The relevance of the research is due to the need to study the specifics of the ideological and theoretical justification of the concept of Eurasianism in the countries of the Asia-Pacific region. The concept of Eurasianism, which was recognized in the 20-s of the XX century, is now embodied in the works of domestic and foreign researchers. The purpose of this article is to study the Eurasian concepts in Japan in the political, cultural, and economic dimensions. This is due to the fact that the country claims regional leadership, and also has territorial claims to Russia. The authors of the article ask whether the idea of Eurasianism can help Russian-Japanese relations move to a new level of cooperation and overcome contradictions that go far back in history. For this purpose, the concept of Eurasianism is considered in two planes: as an ideological and theoretical component. The main research methods are historical-system, as well as historiographic methods. They allowed not only to evaluate the approaches of Russian, European and Japanese researchers to the ideas of Eurasianism, but also to identify the origins of their views. The results of the research provide answers to the questions raised at the beginning of the work, namely, the theoretical and practical implementation of Eurasianism in Japan's foreign policy, as well as the role of this idea in Russian-Japanese relations. In conclusion, the authors draw conclusions, why the ideas of Eurasianism are relevant for Japan and what modern researchers put into the theoretical and ideological understanding of the concept.
Populism in the UK in the context of the contemporary political process
Authors: Skomorohina O.
Published: December 2020

The article analyzes the development of populism in the UK. It is found that, in general, the European Union has experienced three «trust crisis» in the EU institutions over the past ten years, which have also had an impact on the emergence of populism in the United Kingdom. The British vote in the brexit referendum in favor of leaving the European Union was an important manifestation of established populist forces in Europe. Using the methods of comparison and case study, the essence and dynamics of the development of populism in the UK are determined, and the degree of influence of populism on modern British domestic policy is determined. The author concludes that the main support for populist politicians comes from people who are «losers from globalization», who are the key electorate of the Conservative party of Great Britain. The current state of development of populist forces in the United Kingdom is based on the appeal of the Conservative party to the key problems of British society: health, climate change, etc. The conclusion about the continuing triumph of populist forces in the UK is based on the victory of the Conservative party in the parliamentary elections in 2019, when the party's leader B. Johnson actively used the populist narrative in the election campaign. The author also concludes that the electorate is shifting away from the populist forces represented by the United Kingdom Independence Party in favor of the Conservative party. This research adds to the previous knowledge about the development of legal populism in the European Union and, in particular, in the UK, and also allows you to form an idea of the role and place of legal populism in modern domestic politics in the UK.
Scheduling Multiple Sports Leagues with Travel Distance Fairness: An Application to Argentinean Youth Football
Authors: Durán Guillermo A. , Guajardo Mario , López Agustina F. , Marenco Javier , Zamorano Gonzalo A.
Published: December 2020

The first division clubs in Argentinean professional football maintain teams in each of six youth leagues, classed by age as major divisions (Under-20, Under-18, Under-17) and minor divisions (Under-16, Under-15, Under-14). Regular season play in these leagues typically follows a single round-robin format; the minor divisions play the same schedule as the majors but with the home-away status of the matches reversed. This setup can give rise to very significant differences in travel distances between the major and minor division teams of a given club, which is a frustrating situation for club officials, coaches, and players alike but almost impossible to avoid with manual season scheduling techniques. Nor are these methods able to take into account any number of other criteria that go into the design of a satisfactory match calendar. This paper reports on models developed using mathematical programming to simultaneously schedule multiple leagues while also meeting a series of other desirable conditions. The central criterion is a better balance in the travel distances of the various teams, pursued through the application of two alternative solution approaches: one based on regional team clusters and the other on explicit analysis of actual distances between the teams’ home venues. The solutions generated by these approaches have been used by the organizers of the Argentinean youth leagues to draw up their season schedules since 2018, which has resulted in a series of benefits for all stakeholders.
Ensino de Língua Portuguesa na modalidade educação remota: análise de uma experiência contemporânea
Authors: Mendes Alessandra Cristina Costa
Published: December 2020

O ano de 2020 é um marco na história, sobretudo pelas imposições provocadas pela pandemia de Covid-19. Diante disso, algumas questões instigam a comunidade acadêmica, especialmente no que tange ao fazer pedagógico que, repentinamente, exigiu que professores e alunos revissem suas relações no processo ensino-aprendizagem. Assim, o principal objetivo desta pesquisa envolve a apresentação de conceitos relacionados ao ensino de Língua Portuguesa, às estratégias de ensino na modalidade educação remota e à análise da proposta pedagógica adota pela Secretaria Municipal de Educação da cidade do Rio de Janeiro. O estudo dialoga com as pesquisas de Mascuschi (2002 e 2010), com ênfase nas questões relativas ao texto. Os resultados versam sobre as expectativas da educação pós-pandemia.Gêneros textuais; Ensino de Língua Portuguesa; Leitura e escrita; Ensino Remoto.
Conceptological analysis of artistic space in novel „The Time Machine" by H. G. Wells (translated into Russian)
Authors:   State Institution Luhansk Taras Shevchenko National University, Minaieva E. V.
Published: December 2020

The article discusses the features of modeling artistic space in novel The Time Machine, by H. G. Wells through a complex system of concepts top, bottom, fear, darkness, light. The constant interaction of these concepts leads to increased permeability of their boundaries, to a continuous exchange of conceptual features. The artistic space in the novel by H. G. Wells has a pronounced vertical character. We have identified the universal axis of top-bottom concepts in the artistic space and analyzed it. Movement along the vertical axis of the up and down concepts is carried out throughout the novel. In the novel The Time Machine, the features of the top concept become blurred, as they are overlaid with the features of the bottom concept. In the novel by H. G. Wells, the emotive concept of fear forms a fusion with the concepts of darkness and light. Fear unites different levels of the novel's artistic space. The binary concepts of darkness and light actively model the artistic space in novel The Time Machine. These concepts are closely related to the binary opposition of top-bottom concepts. In addition, they perform ontological, epistemological, axiological and aesthetic functions. The study of the features of artistic space in the novel The Time Machine opens up opportunities for further research of the artistic model of the world by H. G. Wells and the problems of modeling artistic space in the literature.
Comparative analysis of structural-semantic types of English and Ukrainian proverbs and sayings
Authors:   Luhansk State University of Internal Affairs named after E. A. Didorenko, Tyshakova L. T.
Published: December 2020

The article considers structural and semantic types of English and Ukrainian proverbs and sayings in a comparative aspect. It should be noted that phraseology has always been the subject of special attention of national lexicology. Issues such as typological, semantic and stylistic classifications of phraseological units, the degree of their stability, their origin will always remain at the forefront of the linguistic search. An interesting future awaits the comparison of phraseological systems in related and non-related languages, search and translation of variants, as well as the origin of units that remain constant over time. Phraseological units fill the gaps in the lexical system of the language which cannot fully provide the names of the new aspects of reality cognized be a person and in many cases are the only designations for objects, properties, processes, states, situations and the like. The emergence of phraseological units (proverbs and sayings) weakens the contradictions between the needs of thinking and the limited lexical resources of the language. Phraseological units are carriers of the aphoristic fund, which determines the factors of the perception of the world and is associated with everyday life f and culture and is also determined by both the theoretical and practical significance of the study of phraseological units. Correct and accurate semantisation of phraseological units (proverbs and sayings) of the English language more than any other means contribute to the vocabulary expansion and mastery. Laconicism and expressiveness of the studied phenomenon contributes to the rapid mastery of English grammar and the parallel development of idiomatic speech.
Features of borrowings from English in the German-language glossary of the Covid-19 pandemic
Authors:   State Institution Luhansk Taras Shevchenko National University, Kobzar O. I.
Published: December 2020

The article is dedicated to the study of the current changes in the vocabulary of the German language, caused by the forced conditions of existence in the new reality of the coronavirus pandemic. Attention is focused on newly formed or re-actualized Anglicism, the way of their creation and peculiarities of functioning. It has been noted that the use of borrowings from the English language in the Glossary of the Coronavirus Pandemic is caused by the pragmatic needs of the German language to most accurately reflect changes in social life, using its inherent principles of language economy. The most common sociolects of the coronavirus period are mixed neologism composites, constructed from English and German components, and words consisting of previously borrowed morphemes in new combinations. Such neologisms expand the expressive and stylistic possibilities of German discourse. Some of them are partially assimilated, adapted to the spelling and morphological norms of the German language. We consider that a more detailed study of each English borrowings group in a comparative aspect is promising.
Distance to an Abortion Provider and Its Association with the Abortion Rate: A Multistate Longitudinal Analysis
Authors: Brown Benjamin P. , Hebert Luciana E. , Gilliam Melissa , Kaestner Robert
Published: December 2020

CONTEXT

Although one in four U.S. women has an abortion in her lifetime, barriers to abortion persist, including distance to care. This study evaluates the association between distance to care and the abortion rate, adjusting for abortion demand.

METHODS

Two analyses were conducted using a data set linking provider locations and 2000–2014 county‐level abortion data for 18 states; data sources included the Census Bureau, state vital statistics offices and the Guttmacher Institute. First, a series of linear regression models were run, with and without adjustment for demographic covariates, modeling distance as both a continuous and a categorical variable. Then, an instrumental variable analysis was conducted in which being 30 or more miles from a large college‐enrolled female population younger than age 25 was used as an instrument for distance to a provider. The outcome variable for all models was abortions per 1,000 women aged 25 or older. All models were adjusted for state, year and state‐year interaction fixed effects.

RESULTS

Increased distance to a provider was associated with a decreased abortion rate. Each additional mile to a provider was associated with a decrease of 0.011 in the abortion rate. Compared with being within 30 miles of a provider, being between 30 and 90 miles from a provider was associated with 0.80–1.46 fewer abortions per 1,000 women. In the instrumental variable analysis, being 30 or more miles from a provider was associated with 5.26 fewer abortions per 1,000 women.

CONCLUSIONS

Distance to a provider may present a barrier to abortion by preventing access to care. Therefore, policies that increase travel distances have potential for harm.
Improved method for gas temperature and pressure retrieval in Brillouin lidar remote sensing
Authors: Zhang Peng , Liang Kun
Published: December 2020

The Rayleigh–Brillouin scattered spectrum is an important tool for analyzing the temperature and pressure of gas in Brillouin lidar remote sensing. The Tenti-S6 model has been widely used to retrieve atmospheric temperatures. However, the retrieval accuracy of this method is unsatisfactory. We analyzed the influence of several factors on the retrieval accuracy of this method and developed an improved method for temperature and pressure retrieval. First, the Rayleigh–Brillouin spectral baseline was corrected using a new fitting procedure, and an experimental spectrum that is of high coincidence with the line shape of the S6 model could subsequently be obtained. Second, the influence of the Airy function on the retrieval accuracy was analyzed, and the retrieval error could be decreased using the Tenti-S6 model without the Airy function. We found that the gas parameters could be precisely detected under low-pressure conditions. Compared with the traditional method, our improved method could effectively reduce the temperature and pressure retrieval errors. The experimental results of nitrogen scattering in the laboratory and air scattering demonstrate the effectiveness, universality, and viability of the proposed improved method.
Beschleunigung der digitalen Produktentwicklung durch den Einsatz von Open Source Bausteinen
Authors: Thelen Christoph , Apel Susanne , Fritz Christian
Published: December 2020

Open Source Software ist aus der heutigen Software-Entwicklung nicht mehr wegzudenken. Sie ergänzt die kommerziellen Produkte oder geht sogar mit innovativen Lösungen voran. Die Eigenschaften von Open Source Software erfordern dabei besondere Sorgfalt bei der Auswahl. Dieser Artikel beschreibt die verschiedenen Einsatzfelder für Open Source Bausteine aus der Sicht eines Software-Dienstleisters und die Motivation, sie nicht nur zu verwenden, sondern auch daran mitzuwirken.
A novel gene-diet interaction promotes organismal lifespan and host protection during infection via the mitochondrial UPR
Authors: Amin Mustafi Raisa , Mahmud Siraje Arif , Dowgielewicz Jonathan L. , Sapkota Madhab , Pellegrino Mark W.
Published: December 2020

Cells use a variety of mechanisms to maintain optimal mitochondrial function including the mitochondrial unfolded protein response (UPRmt). The UPRmtmitigates mitochondrial dysfunction by differentially regulating mitoprotective gene expression through the transcription factor ATFS-1. Since UPRmtactivation is commensurate with organismal benefits such as extended lifespan and host protection during infection, we sought to identify pathways that promote its stimulation. Using unbiased forward genetics screening, we isolated novel mutant alleles that could activate the UPRmt. Interestingly, we identified one reduction of function mutant allele (osa3) in the mitochondrial ribosomal genemrpl-2that activated the UPRmtin a diet-dependent manner. We find thatmrpl-2(osa3)mutants lived longer and survived better during pathogen infection depending on the diet they were fed. A diet containing low levels of vitamin B12 could activate the UPRmtinmrpl-2(osa3)animals. Also, we find that the vitamin B12-dependent enzyme methionine synthase intersects withmrpl-2(osa3)to activate the UPRmtand confer animal lifespan extension at the level of ATFS-1. Thus, we present a novel gene-diet pairing that promotes animal longevity that is mediated by the UPRmt.