bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
What's It Like to Be a BIV? A Dialogue
Authors: VEBER MICHAEL
Published: December 2015

Several subjects are fully convinced that they are brains in vats whose experiences are hallucinatory. They confront a ‘skeptic’ who raises the possibility that they are not brains in vats who lack and hallucinate hands but ‘brains in skulls’ who have hands and see them. Familiar responses to skepticism are offered in support of the claim that the subjects know they do not have hands. The philosophical significance of this looking-glass approach to skepticism is also discussed. It is suggested that these familiar responses to skepticism do not achieve anything because, if we begin from the assumption that we are brains in vats, we can employ those same responses to skepticism to support the claim that we know we do not have hands. One interlocutor argues that things are not so dismal. The main conversation is framed by a discussion among night watchmen at some sort of skepticism laboratory.
Moral Responsibility Ain't Just in the Head
Authors: CIURRIA MICHELLE
Published: December 2015

In this paper, I dispute what I callpsychological internalismabout moral responsibility, which comprises most classic accounts as well as newer neurobiological ones, and I defendpsychological externalismabout moral responsibility instead. According to psychological internalism, an agent's moral responsibility is determined solely or primarily by her intentional states. I argue that psychological internalism is empirically challenged by recent findings in social psychology and cognitive science. In light of the empirical evidence, I contend that moral responsibility depends on historical and environmental factors to a much greater degree than previously appreciated. Thus, moral responsibility is not just in the head: indeed, it is much less in the head than typically assumed.
Natural Goals of Actions in Aristotle
Authors: LORENZ HENDRIK
Published: December 2015

I argue that there are, according to Aristotle, two importantly different kinds of goals or ends in the domain of human agency and that one of these two kinds has been frequently, though not universally, overlooked. Apart from psychological goals, goals that agents adopt as their purposes, there are also, I submit, goals that actions have by being the kinds of actions they are and, in some cases, by occurring in the circumstances in which they do. These latter goals belong to suitable actions whether or not agents adopt them as purposes and whether or not agents are aware of them. There is evidence both in Aristotle's ethical writings and in his discussion of chance and luck in Physics II.4–6 that he recognizes goals of this latter kind.
INTERNATIONAL CAUSE-SPECIFIC MORTALITY RATES: NEW INSIGHTS FROM A COINTEGRATION ANALYSIS
Authors: Arnold-Gaille Séverine , Sherris Michael
Published: December 2015

This paper applies cointegration techniques, developed in econometrics to model long-run relationships, to cause-of-death data. We analyze the five main causes of death across five major countries, including USA, Japan, France, England & Wales and Australia. Our analysis provides a better understanding of the long-run equilibrium relationships between the five main causes of death, providing new insights into similarities and differences in trends. The results identify for the first time similarities between countries and genders that are consistent with past studies on the aging processes by biologists and demographers. The insights from biological theory on aging are found to be reflected in the cointegrating relations in all of the countries included in the study.
The Impact of Early Medical School Surgical Exposure on Interest in Neurosurgery
Authors: Zuccato Jeffrey A. , Kulkarni Abhaya V.
Published: December 2015

Background: Medical student interest in neurosurgery is decreasing and resident attrition is trending upwards in favor of more lifestyle-friendly specialties that receive greater exposure during medical school. The University of Toronto began offering an annual two week comprehensive, focused surgical experience (Surgical Exploration and Discovery (SEAD) program) to 20 first year medical students increasing exposure to surgical careers. This study determines how SEAD affects students’ views of a career in neurosurgery.Methods: Surveys were administered to 38 SEAD participants over two program cycles. Information was obtained regarding demographics, impacts of SEAD, and factors affecting career decision making. Subgroup analyses assessed for factors predicting pre- and post-intervention interest in neurosurgery.Results: Ninety-seven percent (n=37) of students completed the survey. Before SEAD, 25% were interested in neurosurgery but this decreased to 10% post-SEAD (p=0.001). However, post-SEAD interest increased from 10% to 38% if lifestyle factors were theoretically controlled across surgical specialties (p<0.005). A majority (81%) felt SEAD improved their understanding of neurosurgery, 62.2% felt that exposure to other surgical specialties reduced their interest in neurosurgery, and 21% felt SEAD increased their interest in neurosurgery. Nineteen percent intended to explore neurosurgery further with observerships and one student planned to organize neurosurgical research.Conclusions: This surgical exposure intervention increased understanding about neurosurgery and reduced overall interest in neurosurgery as a career. However, those remaining interested were motivated to plan further neurosurgical clinical experiences. The SEAD program may, therefore, aid in early selection of students motivated to satisfy the demands of a neurosurgical career.
Lingulate brachiopods from the Lampazar Formation (late Cambrian) of the Cordillera Oriental of northwestern Argentina
Authors: Mergl Michal , Herrera Zarela , Villas Enrique , Ortega Gladys
Published: December 2015

The Angosto de Lampazar, a classic locality for the study of lower Paleozoic successions in the Cordillera Oriental, NW Argentina, has yielded a late Cambrian relatively diverse, lingulate brachiopod fauna. Sandy lenses with calcareous cement from the uppermost levels of the Lampazar Formation have yielded abundant remains of articulate and phosphatic brachiopods. Among the latter, the new speciesEurytreta harringtoniMergl and Herrera,Lingulella?melonicaMergl and Herrera,Libecoviella lenticularisMergl and Herrera, andSchizambon cardonalisMergl and Herrera, as well as the new genus and speciesSaltaia lampazarensisMergl and Herrera are formally introduced. Trilobites and conodonts from the same horizons characterize theCordylodus proavusZone, allowing a correlation with Stage 10 of the Furongian Series. Although the information on lingulate brachiopods from theC.proavusZone is scarce across the world, the composition of the studied association displays a relationship with coeval and slightly younger faunas of Utah and Kazakhstan. The Argentine brachiopods, the first described from the late Cambrian Proto-Andean margin of Gondwana, are more closely related to temperate Laurentian faunas than to those from the high latitude North African margin of Gondwana.
COHORT MARRIAGE KINETICS IN THE CONTEXT OF MIGRATION, WITH A CASE STUDY OF JAPAN, 1920–1940
Authors: Liu Jianghua
Published: December 2015

The concept of marriage squeeze expects a positive association between marriage formation and the availability of preferred mates. Previous research to test the hypothesis has had mixed results owing to inconsistent marriage measures, inconsistent age focuses and insufficient attention to migration. This study derives kinetics equations of marriage formation to link cohort age-specific mate availability to migration-adjusted marriage rate/incidence, a measure in contrast to nominal marriage rate. On testing the equations with Japanese census data for 1920–1940, it is found that, in female cohorts, mate availability impacts first marriage rate at the life-course stage from 15–19 to 20–24 years, but not at later stages. Among young females, the decline in mate availability accounted for about 21% of the decline in first marriage rate over the period 1920–1940, when there was a trend towards later but not less marriage in Japan. The study suggests that the flexibility of mate/spouse choice in females varies along the marriageable life course and is more manifest at older ages. At young ages, however, the marriage squeeze hypothesis could hold, presumably because young women are evolutionarily shaped to be choosier, perhaps postponing their marriages when preferred mates are in short supply.
Word-based morphology–syntax interdependencies: Thai passives
Authors: LEE LESLIE , ACKERMAN FARRELL
Published: December 2015

In this article, we argue that insights concerning the word-based nature of morphology, especially the hypothesis that periphrastic expressions are cross-linguistically common exponents of lexical relations, permit a novel lexical constructional analysis of periphrastic predicates that preserves the restriction of morphosyntactic mapping operations, such as passive, to the lexicon. We do this in the context of the periphrastic Thaithuukpassive, justifying in detail the monoclausal status of the construction, its flat phrase structure, the semantics of affectedness associated with it, and its paradigmatic opposition with other passive constructions in the language. Building on the proposal of Bonami & Webelhuth (2013) and Bonami (2015) that a periphrase relies on a form of the main verb that selects collocationally for an auxiliary element, we develop an analysis of Thai periphrastic passives in which the surface syntax of these predicates is mediated by appropriate lexical representations. Crucially, the rearrangement of arguments in the passive is done lexically, via lexical rule, rather than in the syntax. The resulting analysis is consistent with the classical tradition of Word and Paradigm morphology, which posits periphrastic expression as one of several encoding strategies for the realization of morphosyntactic information within words.
XII. On the first Peopling of Britain. By the Rev. Dr. Haviland, Rector of North Pederwin in Cornwall
Authors: Haviland
Published: December 2015

Although this island must have been peopled from the adjacent continent, yet I think it must have been first inhabited by the posterity of some of the other sons of Japhet, (although by which of them no one can at present presume to determine) and not by any of the descendants of Gomer, by what name soever called; and there seems to be good authority to support this opinion.
XVII. A Letter from the Rev. Mr. Watson, Minister of Ripponden, Yorkshire, to Lord Willoughby of Parham, ascertaining the true Situation of Coccium
Authors: Watson
Published: December 2015

Having (as I think) discovered the true situation of Coccium, a Roman station, concerning which writers have been considerably divided; I take the liberty to trouble your Lordship with this letter, which I request may be read before the Society of Antiquaries, that, from the remarks of that learned body, I may be better enabled to pursue my enquiries on this subject
XX. Enquiry into the Antiquity of the two ancient Ports of Richborough and Sandwich, near the Isle of Tanet, in Kent; by the Reverend Mr. John Lewis
Authors: Lewis John
Published: December 2015

Three years after the death of the learned John Battely, D. D. Archdeacon of Canterbury, there was printed in Latin, at Oxford, a beautiful little tract, intituled,“Antiquitates Ru- “tupinae,” or, the Antiquities of Richborough. It is an account of a conversation betwixt him and his two brother-chaplains to archbishop Sancroft, (the learned Dr. Henry Maurice, and Mr. Henry Wharton, vicar of Mynstere, in the isle of Tanet), in a very polite and elegant style.—Page 9, he tells them, that he undertakes to shew, that the antient port of Sandwich was bounded within the same limits which he ascribed to the port of Richborough, viz. Peperness to the east, and North-muth to the north.
XXI. A Letter from William Milborne, Esq; of Arniathwaite Castle, concerning the Cells at Wetheral in Cumberland
Authors: Milborne William
Published: December 2015

Mr. Camden, speaking of Wetheral, in the county of Cumberland, says, “Here you see a sort of houses dug out of “a rock, that seem to have been designed for an absconding “place.” To which his learned annotator adds, “If not for “some hermite to lodge in, being near the Monastery.” These caves are in a rock of difficult access, and are two rooms one within another, each about five or fix yards square.
XXIX. Observations on the Brass Equestrian Statue at the Capitol in Rome; occasioned by a small Brass Model of the same, found near London. By Martin Folkes, Esq.
Authors: Folkes Martin
Published: December 2015

The brass equestrian statue of Marcus Aurelius, now in the area of the Capitol, was found in a vineyard, just by the Scala Santa, at Saint John's Lateran, where it lay neglected for many years upon the ground, till Pope Sixtus IV. (soon after the year 1470) set it upon a handsome marble pedestal, with an inscription, in the open place before the Lateran church; and there it remained till the Pontificate of Paul III. who, about 1538, caused it to be removed to the place where it now stands, on a pedestal adorned by the hand of Michael Angelo; the marble whereof it is made having been brought from the remains of Trajan's Forum. These particulars are related by Flaminius Vacca the sculptor; and he further adds, that as the statue was found in the ground belonging to the Lateran church, the members of the same went to law with the people of Rome about it; and he intimates, this suit was not determined in his time; but that he had heard the gentlemen of the church made a solemn demand of it in writing every year.
XXXVIII. A Dissertation on an antient Jewel of the Anglo-Saxons. By the Rev. Mr. Pegge
Authors: Pegge
Published: December 2015

There is a well-known and curious piece of gold in the Bodleian library, of which I must here take some notice, though it be not properly a coin. It has been no less than four times engraved; first by Dr. Plot, then in Camden, after that by Sir Andrew Fountaine, and lastly by Mr. Wise. And all the gentlemen concerned, to whom I may add Mr. Thwaites, have respectively given their opinions of it, but are so discordant among themselves, that there is indeed great room, and great occasion for a Moderator to compose differences between them, and, if one may be so happy, to give the true explication of it.
XLIV. A Letter from the Black Prince to the Bishop of Worcester, dated 20th October 1356, relating to the Battle of Poitiers, wherein the French King was made Prisoner, &c. Ex Registro Reginaldi Brien, Wigorn. Episcopi Fol. 113. Communicated by Dr. Lyttelton, Dean of Exeter
Authors: Lyttelton
Published: December 2015

Reve'nt piere en Dieu, et tresch' ami. Nous vous mercions entierement de ce que nous avons entendu q'vous estes si bien et si naturelment porte dev's nous, en p'ant Dieux p'r nous et p'r n're exploit; et sumes tout certiens q' p'r cause de vous devoutes p'eres et dautres, Dieu nous a en toutes nos besoignes be’ vueliz aide; de quoi nous sumes a touz jo's tenuz de lui grazier, en p'ant que v're part ancy vieullietz faire en continuant dev's nous come devant ces heures avetz fait, de quoi nous nous tenons g'n'ment tenuz a vous.
XLVIII. On the antient Camelon, and the Picts; by Mr. Walker
Authors: Walker
Published: December 2015

Since my last, I have not had an occasion of seeing old Taylor; but he is still alive and well, and I hope soon to have an opportunity of visiting him, when I shall take care to have the fullest account of him, I can possibly obtain.
XLIX. Dissertation Litteraire sur une Colonie Egiptiene etablie à Athènes: Presentée à l' illustre Academie des Antiquaires de Londres. Par Fred. Samuel Schmidt de Berne.
Authors: Schmidt Fred. Samuel
Published: December 2015

Je trouve un plaisir sensible à rechercher l' origine des arts et des sciences, et à suivre les progrès qu'ils ont fait successivement dans les tems de la plus haute antiquité. Je les vois naissans et commeau berceau en Egipte; je les considere dès là portés en Grèce, ou ils montent insensiblement au plus haut degré de perfection.
VII. A Letter from Maurice Johnson Esq; to Mr. New, relating to the Registers of the Bishops of Lincoln
Authors: Johnson Maurice
Published: December 2015

The registers of the bishops of Lincoln, in the bishop's office at Lincoln, begin earlier than those which are remaining either at Canterbury or York, or perhaps any other in England, viz, from bishop Wells, who was consecrated anno 1209, to bishop William Barlow anno 1608. The series is in good preservation: The institutions of Wells, Greethead, Lexington, and Sutton, are wrote on long narrow rolls; the Mss. of appropriations, confirmation of abbots, priors, &c. being endorsed on the same, excepting Sutton's which are wrote in a vellum book; and all the succeeding bishops institutions and Mss. are down to the Reformation; after which period they are most carelesly written on paper.
XI. On the first Peopling of this Island. Written by the Reverend Dr. Haviland, Rector of North Pederwin in Cornwall, 1755
Authors: Haviland
Published: December 2015

Although this island must have been peopled from the adjacent continent, yet I think it must have been first inhabited by the posterity of some of the other sons of Japhet (although by which of them no one can at present presume to determine), and not by any of the desendants of Gomer, by what name soever called; and there seems to be good authority to support this opinion.
XIV. Some Account of the Course of the Erming-street through Northamptonshire, and of a Roman burying Place by the Side of it in the Parish of Barnack. By Charles Frederick, Esq; (now Sir Charles, Bart.)
Authors: Frederick Charles
Published: December 2015

The great Roman road called the Erming-street, which stretches itself from London into the west of England, having gone through Huntingdonshire, crossed the river Nen, and passed Caster (the Durobrivæ of Antoninus), from thence pushes directly to Stamford about five miles distant from Caster.
XXIV. A brief Relation of the miraculous Victory over the first-formed Army of the Irish, soon after their Rebellion, which broke out the 23d October, 1641
Authors: Bowman
Published: December 2015

Sir Phelim O'neal and Sir Conn Macgennis, their generals then in Ulster, and major general Plunkett, who had been a soldier in foreign kingdoms, having enlisted and drawn together out of the counties of Ardmagh, Tyrone, Antrim and Down, and other counties in Ulster, eight or nine thousand men, which were formed into eight regiments, and a troop of horse, with two field pieces; they did rendezvous, on the 27th of November, 1641, at and about a house belonging to Sir George Rawden at Brookhill, three miles distant from Lisnagarvy, in which town they knew there was a garrison of five companies newly raised, and the lord Conway's troops of horse.
XXXVI. Some Account of Saint Peter's Church in the East, Oxon, from an old MS. Communicated by Mr. James Theobald
Authors: Theobald James
Published: December 2015

Saint Peter's church in the East, Oxõn, was founded by Saint Grymbald a Monk, about 814 years since, viz. Anno Christi DCCCLXXXVI. according to the most credible account we can find recorded in the annals of our English nation. This Saint Grymbald was a person of a sharp wit and immense knowledge, and therefore was by King Alfred (deservedly surnamed the Great, on a double respect, both for his noble atchievments in martial affairs, and his assiduous promotion of learning) elected one of the first professors of divinity in this most flourishing university of Oxon.
XLIII. Ex Registro Reginaldi Brien, Wigorn. Episcopi Fol. 113. Communicated by Dr. Lyttelton, Dean of Exeter
Authors: Lyttelton
Published: December 2015

Reve'nt piere en Dieu, et tresch' ami—Nous vous mercions entierement de ce que nous avons, entendu, q' vous vous estes si bien et si naturelment porte dev's nous, en p'ant Dieux p'r nous et p'r n're exploit; et sumes tout certiens q' p'r cause de vos devoutes p'eres et dautres, Dieu nous a en toutes nos besoignes be' vueliz aide; de quoi nous sumes a touz jo's tenuz de lui grazier, en p'ant que v're part ancy vieullietz faire en continuant dev's nous come devant ces heures avetz fait, de quoi nous nous tenons g'n'ment tenuz a vous.
XLVII. On the antient Camelon, and the Picts. By Mr. Walker
Authors: Walker
Published: December 2015

Since my last, I have not had an occasion of seeing old Taylor; but he is still alive and well, and I hope soon to have an opportunity of visiting him, when I shall take care to have the fullest account of him I can possibly obtain.
LII. An Extract relating to the Round Tower at Ardmore, in Ireland: By Mr. Peter Collinson
Authors: Collinson Peter
Published: December 2015

In the parish of Ardmore, and county of Waterford, in Ireland, there is a round Tower built of hewn stone, upwards of one hundred feet high, and forty five feet in circumference at the base; the door is fifteen feet from the ground; the roof is pyramidal, being of stone, very well cut, and closely joined together, and well plaistered within side, from top to bottom, as clean and white as if newly done. The whole fabric is divided into four unequal beltings or stories, with a window to each; having four windows in the upper story. On the top is a kind of Cross.
LV. Of the Introduction, Progress, State, and Condition, of the Vine in Britain: By Samuel Pegge M.A. S.A.S.
Authors: Pegge Samuel
Published: December 2015

The culture of the vine here in England having been lately under contemplation; I thought it might be worth while, and by no means mal à propos, to examine minutely into the cultivation of it more antiently amongst us; and I here beg leave to present you with the result of my inquiries, as a testimony of that inviolable regard I have so long entertained for your undeserved friendship.
LXI. Observations on the Wardrobe Account for the Year 1483; wherein are contained the Deliveries made for the Coronation of King Richard the Third, and some other Particulars relative to the History of that Monarch, by the Reverend Doctor Milles, Dean of Exeter, President of the Society
Authors: Milles
Published: December 2015

It is a misfortune generally attendant on the earlier periods of History, that they want those original and authentick records, which are necessary to transmitt facts and characters of men in a just and impartial light to posterity.
Feudal colonisation and socio-ecological transition in Mayûrqa (Muslim Majorca) in the thirteenth century
Authors: SOTO COMPANY RICARD , MAS FORNERS ANTONI
Published: December 2015

The feudal colonisation of the Island of Majorca, traditionally considered part of the Spanish ‘Reconquista’, must be included in the greater process of European feudal expansion. The island was inhabited by people living in a Muslim society, not a feudal one. The conquest by Catalan lords meant the imposition of a new feudal class structure and a new use of natural resources on the conquered land. We summarise the composition and evolution of the three main components of this top-down imposed feudalism: the Muslim populations conquered and enslaved, the Catalan settlers and the entirely new agricultural landscape they created.
‘Contested Collisions’: Conditions for a Successful Collision Management – The Example of Article 16 of the Rome Statute
Authors: BLOME KERSTIN , MARKARD NORA
Published: December 2015

This article examines the problem of colliding international regimes by reference to the International Criminal Court (ICC) and the UN Security Council. Given the different logics or rationalities of these institutions – the Security Council is first and foremost a (power) political organ, while the ICC is in charge of legal assessments – the collision potential is high. A collision rule was therefore introduced into the Rome Statute in the form of Article 16; however, all instances of its application so far have been highly controversial. While norm application is always controversial to some extent, we argue – in reference to Thomas Franck's work on the legitimacy of international norms – that regime responsiveness, secondary rules or a neutral application control of Article 16 could contribute to successful collision management.
THE ETHNOHISTORY AND ARCHAEOLOGY OF CUAUHQUECHOLLAN, VALLEY OF ATLIXCO, MEXICO
Authors: Mysyk Avis , Morales Cano Lucero
Published: December 2015

Despite the commercial, economic, and military importance of the Valley of Atlixco to the history of Mesoamerica, it has not received as much attention from ethnohistorians and archaeologists as it warrants. This paper illustrates that importance by attempting to correlate different types of evidence from the sites of Atlixco and Cuauhquechollan. Atlixco—the settlement referred to in the ethnohistoric sources as Cuauhquechollan—was occupied continuously from the Early Preclassic period to the middle of the Late Postclassic period (a.d.1443), when it was relocated 20 km to the southwest (present-day Huaquechula). The new settlement retained the name, Cuauhquechollan, while Atlixco became referred to as Huehuecuauhquechollan (Old Cuauhquechollan). The evidence consists of a variety of ethnohistoric sources, the archaeological record (settlement patterns and ceramic materials), and the iconography of Late Postclassic sculptures and carvings located in and around Huaquechula, and in the immediate vicinity of the Valley of Atlixco. In spite of the limitations of the different types of evidence, the findings suggest that there are sufficient points of overlap to allow for a better understanding of the importance of the Valley of Atlixco and to provide the impetus for further research.
HOLOCENE PALEOENVIRONMENT AND PREHISPANIC LANDSCAPE EVOLUTION IN THE BASIN OF MEXICO
Authors: McClung de Tapia Emily
Published: December 2015

Paleoenvironmental and geoarchaeological data generated over the past three decades for parts of the Basin of Mexico are little known among archaeologists working in the region. This paper summarizes and evaluates what is currently known about the prehistoric environment, landscape development, and human impact in the region. Archaeological evidence indicates that human activity became important in ecosystem evolution in the basin during the Middle-Late Holocene. Most traditional paleoenvironmental studies based on lake sediments, however, generalize results corresponding to this period simply asevidence for human impact. Essentially the same vegetation communities extant in the basin today appear to have been present during most of the Holocene, albeit with broader distributions and variability in secondary taxa. Recognizing potential contributions of archaeology to understanding human adaptation to climatic and ecosystemic change, past and present, should stimulate future research on paleoenvironment in the region.
TOWARDS FUTURE ECONOMIC RESEARCH IN THE BASIN OF MEXICO
Authors: Biskowski Martin
Published: December 2015

Ongoing archaeological site destruction will limit future opportunities to conduct field research in the Basin of Mexico. Preparing for this future requires assessment of the resources that may be lost and the research that might be accomplished. Developing priorities to assist future studies of ancient economies is complicated by the evolving nature of this research. Nonetheless, trends in this research over the past few decades highlight the increasingly heavy data requirements associated with addressing economic issues. Much future research will be undercut if the required data are neither gathered nor collectable. Furthermore, many unresolved issues should be addressed while opportunities for further research remain available. The examples presented here focus on the development of the regional economy and generally reflect the author's concerns with the subsistence economy. Among these issues are characterizing more clearly the role of the site of Coapexco within the Early Formative economy, clarifying Teotihuacan's relationship with the rest of the basin when the city first achieved hegemony, and obtaining a more complete picture of the economic concerns and internal economic organization of the city. These examples represent a broader set of research issues than can be discussed in a single paper, but they illustrate the kind of work archaeologists must consider completing while they can.
TRANSLATING GODS: TOHIL AND CURICAUERI IN MESOAMERICAN POLYTHEISM IN THEPOPOL VUHAND THERELACIÓN DE MICHOACÁN
Authors: Olivier Guilhem , Martínez Roberto
Published: December 2015

Although it was common in Mesoamerica to adopt foreign deities from other pantheons, less is known about the processes of “translating” foreign deities as a function of the divinities' attributes. This article analyzes the degree of intelligibility among pre-Hispanic K'iche’, P'urepecha, and Nahua peoples based on the study of patron gods Tohil and Curicaueri and their possible equivalents in the Central Highland pantheon. We can see that the search for divine homologues on the part of Mesoamerican peoples implies, beyond cultural homogeneity, an ongoing exchange of information, and recognition of the religion of the “other” based on equal standing, which tends to be a characteristic of polytheistic peoples in general.
The Multiple-Orientability Thresholds for Random Hypergraphs
Authors: FOUNTOULAKIS NIKOLAOS , KHOSLA MEGHA , PANAGIOTOU KONSTANTINOS
Published: December 2015

Ak-uniform hypergraphH= (V, E) is called ℓ-orientable if there is an assignment of each edgee∈Eto one of its verticesv∈esuch that no vertex is assigned more than ℓ edges. LetHn,m,kbe a hypergraph, drawn uniformly at random from the set of allk-uniform hypergraphs withnvertices andmedges. In this paper we establish the threshold for the ℓ-orientability ofHn,m,kfor allk⩾ 3 and ℓ ⩾ 2, that is, we determine a critical quantityc*k,ℓsuch that with probability 1 −o(1) the graphHn,cn,khas an ℓ-orientation ifcc*k,ℓ.

Our result has various applications, including sharp load thresholds for cuckoo hashing, load balancing with guaranteed maximum load, and massive parallel access to hard disk arrays.
Incomplete endothelialisation of an Amplatzer Septal Occluder device followed by meningitis and late acute bacterial endocarditis
Authors: Białkowski Jacek , Pawlak Szymon , Banaszak Paweł
Published: December 2015

A 19-year-old woman with atrial septal defect treated percutaneously with an Amplatzer Septal Occluder 24 months earlier, who presented with a history of bacterial meningitis, was admitted with a diagnosis of endocarditis. After 6 weeks of treatment with antibiotics, the incompletely endothelialised occluder was surgically removed. The present report illustrates the need for long-term follow-up of patients who have received nitinol wire mesh occluders.
Exposure and input in bilingual development
Authors: CARROLL SUSANNE E.
Published: December 2015

A growing literature on bilingual development explores relationships between language exposure and learning outcomes. Vocabulary size and pace of grammar learning have been claimed to be causally related to amounts or types of exposure to each language. Strong claims are made about the role of exposure on bilingual outcomes. Some researchers posit a unique learning result: a ‘weak language’. In a critical review, I voice reasons for scepticism that quantity or quality of exposure alone will explain findings. Central constructs are not well defined; inappropriate research methods have been used; the right kind of data is not discussed. Crucially, authors prevaricate on the notion of language itself, switching between cognitive and environmental perspectives. Both are needed to interpret bilingual behaviours but play different roles in the construction of learner grammars.
Starch nanoparticles prepared in a two ionic liquid based microemulsion system and their drug loading and release properties
Authors: Wang Xinge , Cheng Jianhua , Ji Guangyin , Peng Xichun , Luo Zhigang
Published: December 2015

In this work, 1-hexadecyl-3-methylimidazolium bromide ([C16mim]Br) and 1-octyl-3-methylimidazolium acetate ([C8mim]Ac) were simultaneously used as substitutes for surfactants and the polar phase to prepare ionic liquid microemulsions.
Integration of open educational resources in undergraduate chemistry teaching – a mapping tool and lecturers' considerations
Authors: Feldman-Maggor Yael , Rom Amira , Tuvi-Arad Inbal
Published: December 2015

This study examines chemistry lecturers' considerations for using open educational resources (OER) in their teaching. Recent technological developments provide innovative approaches for teaching chemistry and visualizing chemical phenomena. End users' improved ability to upload information online enables integration of various pedagogical models and learning theories. These improvements strengthen the need for up-to-date evaluation tools for educational websites. Building on existing taxonomies, a set of new criteria for the evaluation of online learning materials was developed and used to analyze 100 websites directed towards teaching chemistry. In addition, a questionnaire was circulated among 100 chemistry lecturers from various higher education institutions in Israel, 66 of whom responded. Subsequently, interviews were conducted with 17 of the questionnaire respondents. Our findings demonstrate that most of the chemistry lecturers who were interviewed integrate innovative learning materials such as simulations, videos and exercises found online in their teaching, but do not use web 2.0 that enables content sharing and collaborative learning. With respect to the selection of web-based learning materials, we found that the lecturers interviewed tended to select OER intuitively, mainly considering the reliability of information, pedagogical issues and the visual contribution, while paying less attention to collaborative learning and content sharing.
Smart polymeric particle encapsulated gadolinium oxide and europium: theranostic probes for magnetic resonance/optical imaging and antitumor drug delivery
Authors: Liu Ruiqing , Liang Shuang , Jiang Cun , Zhang Li , Yuan Tianmeng , Li Penghui , Xu Zushun , Xu Haibo , Chu Paul K.
Published: December 2015

Paramagnetic, luminescent, and temperature/pH-responsive polymeric particles with MR/optical imaging and antitumor drug delivery capability are prepared by emulsifier-free emulsion polymerization.
Microfluidically fabricated pH-responsive anionic amphiphilic microgels for drug release
Authors: Lu B. , Tarn M. D. , Pamme N. , Georgiou T. K.
Published: December 2015

Novel amphiphilic microgels with hydrophobic and hydrophilic monomer units on the polymer chains were fabricated with an on-chip polymerisation methodology using a novel chip design.
Non-linear shape oscillations of rising drops and bubbles: Experiments and simulations
Authors: Lalanne Benjamin , Abi Chebel Nicolas , Vejražka Jiří , Tanguy Sébastien , Masbernat Olivier , Risso Frédéric
Published: December 2015

This paper focuses on shape-oscillations of a gas bubble or a liquid drop rising in another liquid. The bubble/drop is initially attached to a capillary and is released by a sudden motion of that capillary, resulting in the rise of the bubble/drop along with the oscillations of its shape. Such experimental conditions make difficult the interpretation of the oscillation dynamics with regard to the standard linear theory of oscillation because (i) amplitude of deformation is large enough to induce nonlinearities, (ii) the rising motion may be coupled with the oscillation dynamics, and (iii) clean conditions without residual surfactants may not be achieved. These differences with the theory are addressed by comparing experimental observation with numerical simulation. Simulations are carried out using Level-Set and Ghost-Fluid methods with clean interfaces. The effect of the rising motion is investigated by performing simulations under different gravity conditions. Using a decomposition of the bubble/drop shape into a series of spherical harmonics, experimental and numerical time evolutions of their amplitudes are compared. Due to large oscillation amplitude, non-linear couplings between the modes are evidenced from both experimental and numerical signals; modes of lower frequency influence modes of higher frequency, whereas the reverse is not observed. Nevertheless, the dominant frequency and overall damping rate of the first five modes are in good agreement with the linear theory. Effect of the rising motion on the oscillations is globally negligible, provided the mean shape of the oscillation remains close to a sphere. In the drop case, despite the residual interface contamination evidenced by a reduction in the terminal velocity, the oscillation dynamics is shown to be unaltered compared to that of a clean drop.
Coherence transfer of subhertz-linewidth laser light via an 82-km fiber link
Authors: Ma Chaoqun , Wu Lifei , Jiang Yanyi , Yu Hongfu , Bi Zhiyi , Ma Longsheng
Published: December 2015

We demonstrate optical coherence transfer of subhertz-linewidth laser light through fiber links by actively compensating random fiber phase noise induced by environmental perturbations. The relative linewidth of laser light after transferring through a 32-km urban fiber link is suppressed within 1 mHz (resolution bandwidth limited), and the absolute linewidth of the transferred laser light is less than 0.36 Hz. For an 82-km fiber link, a repeater station is constructed between a 32-km urban fiber and a 50-km spooled fiber to recover the spectral purity. A relative linewidth of 1 mHz is also demonstrated for light transferring through the 82-km cascaded fiber. Such an optical signal distribution network based on repeater stations allows optical coherence and synchronization available over spatially separated places.
Liquid crystal free energy relaxation by a theoretically informed Monte Carlo method using a finite element quadrature approach
Authors: Armas-Pérez Julio C. , Hernández-Ortiz Juan P. , de Pablo Juan J.
Published: December 2015

A theoretically informed Monte Carlo method is proposed for Monte Carlo simulation of liquid crystals on the basis of theoretical representations in terms of coarse-grained free energy functionals. The free energy functional is described in the framework of the Landau-de Gennes formalism. A piecewise finite element discretization is used to approximate the alignment field, thereby providing an excellent geometrical representation of curved interfaces and accurate integration of the free energy. The method is suitable for situations where the free energy functional includes highly non-linear terms, including chirality or high-order deformation modes. The validity of the method is established by comparing the results of Monte Carlo simulations to traditional Ginzburg-Landau minimizations of the free energy using a finite difference scheme, and its usefulness is demonstrated in the context of simulations of chiral liquid crystal droplets with and without nanoparticle inclusions.
Local and linear chemical reactivity response functions at finite temperature in density functional theory
Authors: Franco-Pérez Marco , Ayers Paul W. , Gázquez José L. , Vela Alberto
Published: December 2015

We explore the local and nonlocal response functions of the grand canonical potential density functional at nonzero temperature. In analogy to the zero-temperature treatment, local (e.g., the average electron density and the local softness) and nonlocal (e.g., the softness kernel) intrinsic response functions are defined as partial derivatives of the grand canonical potential with respect to its thermodynamic variables (i.e., the chemical potential of the electron reservoir and the external potential generated by the atomic nuclei). To define the local and nonlocal response functions of the electron density (e.g., the Fukui function, the linear density response function, and the dual descriptor), we differentiate with respect to the average electron number and the external potential. The well-known mathematical relationships between the intrinsic response functions and the electron-density responses are generalized to nonzero temperature, and we prove that in the zero-temperature limit, our results recover well-known identities from the density functional theory of chemical reactivity. Specific working equations and numerical results are provided for the 3-state ensemble model.
Transition from double coherence resonances to single coherence resonance in a neuronal network with phase noise
Authors: Jia Yanbing , Gu Huaguang
Published: December 2015

The effect of phase noise on the coherence dynamics of a neuronal network composed of FitzHugh-Nagumo (FHN) neurons is investigated. Phase noise can induce dissimilar coherence resonance (CR) effects for different coupling strength regimes. When the coupling strength is small, phase noise can induce double CRs. One corresponds to the average frequency of phase noise, and the other corresponds to the intrinsic firing frequency of the FHN neuron. When the coupling strength is large enough, phase noise can only induce single CR, and the CR corresponds to the intrinsic firing frequency of the FHN neuron. The results show a transition from double CRs to single CR with the increase in the coupling strength. The transition can be well interpreted based on the dynamics of a single neuron stimulated by both phase noise and the coupling current. When the coupling strength is small, the coupling current is weak, and phase noise mainly determines the dynamics of the neuron. Moreover, the phase-noise-induced double CRs in the neuronal network are similar to the phase-noise-induced double CRs in an isolated FHN neuron. When the coupling strength is large enough, the coupling current is strong and plays a key role in the occurrence of the single CR in the network. The results provide a novel phenomenon and may have important implications in understanding the dynamics of neuronal networks.
Proton radiation effect on performance of InAs/GaSb complementary barrier infrared detector
Authors: Soibel Alexander , Rafol Sir B. , Khoshakhlagh Arezou , Nguyen Jean , Hoglund Linda , Fisher Anita M. , Keo Sam. A. , Ting David Z.-Y. , Gunapala Sarath D.
Published: December 2015

In this work, we investigated the effect of proton irradiation on the performance of long wavelength infrared InAs/GaSb photodiodes (λc = 10.2 μm), based on the complementary barrier infrared detector design. We found that irradiation with 68 MeV protons causes a significant increase of the dark current from jd = 5 × 10−5 A/cm2 to jd = 6 × 10−3 A/cm2, at Vb = 0.1 V, T = 80 K and fluence 19.2 × 1011 H+/cm2. Analysis of the dark current as a function of temperature and bias showed that the dominant contributor to the dark current in these devices changes from diffusion current to tunneling current after proton irradiation. This change in the dark current mechanism can be attributed to the onset of surface leakage current, generated by trap-assisted tunneling processes in proton displacement damage areas located near the device sidewalls.
Strong magnetic fields generated with a simple open-ended coil irradiated by high power laser pulses
Authors: Zhu B. J. , Li Y. T. , Yuan D. W. , Li Y. F. , Li F. , Liao G. Q. , Zhao J. R. , Zhong J. Y. , Xue F. B. , He S. K. , Wang W. W. , Lu F. , Zhang F. Q. , Yang L. , Zhou K. N. , Xie N. , Hong W. , Wei H. G. , Zhang K. , Han B. , Pei X. X. , Liu C. , Zhang Z. , Wang W. M. , Zhu J. Q. , Gu Y. Q. , Zhao Z. Q. , Zhang B. H. , Zhao G. , Zhang J.
Published: December 2015

A simple scheme to produce strong magnetic fields due to cold electron flow in an open-ended coil heated by high power laser pulses is proposed. It differs from previous generation of magnetic fields driven by fast electron current in a capacitor-coil target [S. Fujioka et al., Sci. Rep. 3, 1170 (2013)]. The fields in our experiments are measured by B-dot detectors and proton radiography, respectively. A 205 T strong magnetic field at the center of the coil target is generated in the free space at Iλ2 of 6.85 × 1014 W cm−2 μm2, where I is the laser intensity, and λ is the laser wavelength. The magnetic field strength is proportional to Iλ2. Compared with the capacitor-coil target, the generation mechanism of the magnetic field is straightforward and the coil is easy to be fabricated.
Theoretical and experimental studies of electric field distribution in N-polar GaN/AlGaN/GaN heterostructures
Authors: Gladysiewicz M. , Janicki L. , Siekacz M. , Cywinski G. , Skierbiszewski C. , Kudrawiec R.
Published: December 2015

Electric field distribution in N-polar GaN(channel)/AlGaN/GaN(buffer) heterostructures was studied theoretically by solving Schrodinger and Poisson equations in a self-consistent manner for various boundary conditions and comparing results of these calculations with experimental data, i.e., measurements of electric field in GaN(channel) and AlGaN layers by electromodulation spectroscopy. A very good agreement between theoretical calculations and experimental data has been found for the Fermi-level located at ∼0.3 eV below the conduction band at N-polar GaN surface. With this surface boundary condition, the electric field distribution and two dimensional electron gas concentration are determined for GaN(channel)/AlGaN/GaN(buffer) heterostructures of various thicknesses of GaN(channel) and AlGaN layers.
Distance from sub-Saharan Africa predicts mutational load in diverse human genomes
Authors: Henn Brenna M. , Botigué Laura R. , Peischl Stephan , Dupanloup Isabelle , Lipatov Mikhail , Maples Brian K. , Martin Alicia R. , Musharoff Shaila , Cann Howard , Snyder Michael P. , Excoffier Laurent , Kidd Jeffrey M. , Bustamante Carlos D.
Published: December 2015

Significance

Human genomes carry hundreds of mutations that are predicted to be deleterious in some environments, potentially affecting the health or fitness of an individual. We characterize the distribution of deleterious mutations among diverse human populations, modeled under different selection coefficients and dominance parameters. Using a new dataset of diverse human genomes from seven different populations, we use spatially explicit simulations to reveal that classes of deleterious alleles have very different patterns across populations, reflecting the interaction between genetic drift and purifying selection. We show that there is a strong signal of purifying selection at conserved genomic positions within African populations, but most predicted deleterious mutations have evolved as if they were neutral during the expansion out of Africa.
Small fluorescence-activating and absorption-shifting tag for tunable protein imaging in vivo
Authors: Plamont Marie-Aude , Billon-Denis Emmanuelle , Maurin Sylvie , Gauron Carole , Pimenta Frederico M. , Specht Christian G. , Shi Jian , Quérard Jérôme , Pan Buyan , Rossignol Julien , Moncoq Karine , Morellet Nelly , Volovitch Michel , Lescop Ewen , Chen Yong , Triller Antoine , Vriz Sophie , Le Saux Thomas , Jullien Ludovic , Gautier Arnaud
Published: December 2015

Significance

We developed a small protein tag enabling fluorescent labeling of proteins in living cells and in multicellular organisms through the specific binding and activation of a cell-permeant and nontoxic fluorogenic ligand. This tag, called Yellow Fluorescence-Activating and absorption-Shifting Tag (Y-FAST), was engineered by directed evolution from the Photoactive Yellow Protein. Y-FAST distinguishes itself from other labeling methods because the fluorogen binding is highly dynamic and fully reversible. Apart from providing new opportunities in superresolution imaging and biosensor design, this feature enables rapid switching on and off of the fluorescence of a fusion protein by addition or withdrawing of the fluorogenic ligand, opening exciting ways to perform sequential multiplexing imaging.