bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Neurology-Psychiatry Interface: Uncommon Presentation of Moyamoya Disease
Authors: Singh Shipra , Hooda Priyanka , Singh Nishtha , Shekhawat Lokesh
Published: October 2019

Moyamoya disease (MMD) is a rare arteriopathy associated with cerebral ischemia, due to stenosis or occlusion of the internal carotid artery and its branches and primarily presenting with stroke. However, neuropsychiatric symptoms such as acute psychosis, manic symptoms, attention deficits, and behavioral problems are reported in relation to MMD. We describe here a case of an adult female, who presented with headache, easy irritability, and suspiciousness against family members, inability to identify familiar objects and faces, and inability to perform activities easily done earlier. This case appears informative as the presence and excessive importance given to behavioral symptoms lead to substantial delay in her diagnosis.
Assessment of Knowledge on Risk Factors, Warning Signs, and Early Treatment Approaches of Stroke among Community Adults in North India: A Telephone Interview Survey
Authors: Chhabra Manik , Gudi Sai Krishna , Rashid Muhammed , Sharma Puneet , Sharma Shubham , Khan Hashim ,   Rohit
Published: October 2019

Background As stroke is a catastrophic illness, knowing its risk factors, early signs and symptoms, and management strategies could potentially prevent morbidity and mortality among the people.

Objectives The aim of this study is to determine the public cognizance of risk factors, signs and symptoms, and early treatment options available for stroke with particular emphases on thrombolysis, and its window period.

Materials and Methods A cross-sectional telephonic interview-based survey was conducted in the states of Punjab, Haryana, and Himachal Pradesh of North India from August 2017 to December 2017.

Results Of 350 respondents those participated in the survey with a mean age ± standard deviation of 39.93 ± 13.41  years, hypertension was found to be the most common risk factor among the study participants (n = 205, 58.57%) and 28.85% of the study participants were not aware of the risk factors, whereas 46% of the participants were not aware of warning signs of stroke. The window period of thrombolysis was compared with gender, and it was found that the higher number of male participants (n = 49) adduced the right window of thrombolysis (0–4.5  hours) as compared with the female participants (n = 26).

Conclusions Survey results suggested that there exists scant information about risk factors, alarming signs, and early treatment approaches among community adults toward stroke. In this regard, there is an immense need to conduct awareness camps related to stroke to educate the vulnerable public.
Medical Management after Liver Transplantation
Authors: Dave Shravan , Ajmera Veeral H.
Published: October 2019

Medical management of the liver transplant recipient requires consideration of the complex interactions between the transplanted liver, immunosuppression and all organ systems. An aging transplant population, improvement in long-term liver transplant outcomes, and the increase in nonalcoholic fatty liver disease as an indication for transplant have amplified the number of co-morbidities among post-transplant patients. In addition to balancing immunosuppression with infection risk, medical management of the transplanted patient includes monitoring for, and treating, recurrence of the primary liver disease, metabolic syndrome, cardiovascular disease, and post-transplant neurologic and renal dysfunction. Additionally, general healthcare maintenance such as management of osteoporosis, immunizations, and screening for malignancy are essential in this high-risk population. In this review, we summarize the evidence behind best practices for the current medical management of the post liver transplant patient.
Percutaneous Management of Posttransplant Biliary Complications
Authors: Mitchell Jason W. , Maduabia Arthur I. , Cristescu Mircea , Peters Gail L.
Published: October 2019

Interventional radiology plays a major role in the management of posttransplant biliary complications. This review aims to discuss biliary complications of liver transplantation and will outline the role of interventional radiology, diagnosis, and management of these problems.
Altered Expression of Heat Shock Protein-27 and Monocyte Chemoattractant Protein-1 after Acute Spinal Cord Injury: A Pilot Study
Authors: Boraiah Vidyasagar , Modgil Shweta , Sharma Kaushal , Podder Vivek , Sivapuram Madhava Sai , Miranpuri Gurwattan S. , Anand Akshay , Goni Vijay
Published: October 2019

Background Spinal cord injury (SCI) leads to serious complications involving primary trauma and progressive loss due to inflammation, local ischemia, or infection. Despite a worldwide annual incidence of 15 to 40 cases per million, methylprednisolone is the only treatment available to alleviate neurologic dysfunction; therefore, research is currently focused on identifying novel targets by biochemical and molecular studies.

Purpose Here, we investigated the expression of various molecular markers at the messenger ribonucleic acid (mRNA) and protein level at day 0 and day 30 post-SCI.

Methods Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) was performed to determine the expression of CASPASE-3 and heat shock protein-27 (HSP-27) in serum samples. Real-time polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) was performed to determine the level of mRNA expression of vascular endothelial growth factor receptor-1 (VEGFR-1), VEGFR-2, HSP-27, monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 (MCP-1), and CASPASE-3.

Results HSP-27 expression at day 30, as compared with day 0, showed significant downregulation. In contrast, there was elevated expression of MCP-1. ELISA analysis showed no significant change in the expression of CASPASE-3 or HSP-27.

Conclusion There may be possible opposing role of HSP-27 and MCP-1 governing SCI. Their association can be studied by designing in vitro studies.
Delayed Intracerebral Hemorrhage after Placement of a Ventriculoperitoneal Shunt in a Case of Hydrocephalus: A Rare Case Report and Review of Literature
Authors: Musali Siddartha Reddy , Manne Srikrishnaditya , Beniwal Hemant K. , Butkuri Nagarjuna , Gollapudi Prakash Rao , Nandigama Pratap Kumar
Published: October 2019

Ventriculoperitoneal (VP) shunt is a frequently performed operation to achieve cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) diversion but is associated with many complications. Postoperative delayed intracerebral hemorrhage is a kind of rare but catastrophic complication of a VP shunt which questions the survival of a seemingly recovered patient. Here, we present one such case where the patient presented to casualty in altered sensorium and with a history of vomiting. On examination, the Glasgow Coma Scale (GCS) score was E2V1M3; pupils were middilated but reactive. Computerized tomography of the brain showed ventriculomegaly and hydrocephalus, and an emergency VP shunt was done. There was an initial phase of good recovery followed by sudden loss consciousness, vomiting, and a fall in the GCS scores on postoperative day 7. Computed tomography showed an intracerebral hematoma along the shunt track and an intraventricular bleed. The presumed cause for this occurrence is a deranged coagulation profile.
Poststroke Cognitive Decline: A Longitudinal Study from a Tertiary Care Center
Authors: Chaurasia Rameshwar Nath , Sharma Jitendra , Pathak Abhishek , Mishra Vijay Nath , Joshi Deepika
Published: October 2019

Objectives Poststroke cognitive decline (PSCD) is a serious disabling consequence of stroke. The purpose of this study is to find the prevalence of PSCD and sociodemographic and clinical determinants of risk factors of PSCD.

Materials and Methods This study was a prospective, hospital-based study conducted on 200 stroke patients from stroke registry during October 2015 to April 2017. Detailed clinical evaluation was done. Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE) and Montreal Cognitive Assessment (MoCA) scores were used to determine PSCD after 3 and 6 months as per the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders V. Chi-squared test was used to find the association between two variables. The Wilcoxon signed-rank test was used to compare the difference in cognitive impairment between two follow-ups at 3 and 6 months, respectively. A p-value < 0.05 was considered statistically significant.

Results The prevalence of PSCD measured by MoCA scale at 3 and 6 months was 67 and 31.6%, respectively. By MMSE scale, cognitive decline prevalence at 3 months was found to be 87 (46.3%), which reduced to 22 (17.1%) at 6 months. The association between MMSE scale and type of stroke was significant at 3 months.

Conclusion One-third of the stroke patients developed PSCD within 3 months of onset of stroke, with different levels of severity. The major predictors of new-onset poststroke cognitive impairment were diabetes and hypertension. The prevalence of PSCD reduced significantly at 6 months of stroke on follow-up.
Demography, Pattern of Care, and Survival in Patients with Xanthoastrocytoma: A Systematic Review and Individual Patient Data Analysis of 325 Cases
Authors: Mallick Supriya , Giridhar Prashanth , Benson Rony , Melgandi Wineeta , Rath Goura Kishor
Published: October 2019

Objectives Xanthoastrocytoma (XA) is a low-grade glial tumor seen in young adults and there is lack of robust data on treatment of this rare tumor. In this systematic review and individual patient's data analysis, we aimed to look into the demography, pattern of care, survival outcomes, and prognostic factors in patients with both Grade II and III XA.

Methods A comprehensive search was conducted with the Medical Subject Heading terms: “Xanthoastrocytoma; Pleomorphic Xanthoastrocytoma; Anaplastic Xanthoastrocytoma; Xanthoastrocytoma AND treatment; and Anaplastic Xanthoastrocytoma AND survival” to find all possible publications.

Results A total of 325 individual patients from a total of 138 publications pertaining to XA were retrieved. Median age of the entire cohort was 19 years. About 56.1% of the patients underwent a gross total resection (GTR) and 31.4% underwent a subtotal resection. Nearly, 76.6% of the patients had a Grade II tumor and adjuvant radiation was delivered in 27.4% of the patients. Estimated 2- and 5-year progression-free survival (PFS) were 68.5 and 51.2%, respectively. Age, grade, and extent of surgery were significant factors affecting PFS. Estimated 2- and 5-year overall survival (OS) was 88.8 and 78%, respectively. The median OS for Grade II and Grade III tumors were 209 and 49 months, respectively. Age and extent of surgery were significant factors affecting OS.

Conclusion XA is a disease of young adults with favorable prognosis. Younger patients (<20 years), patients who undergo a GTR, and patients with a lower grade tumor have a better treatment outcome.
Nonneoplastic Cystic Lesions of the Central Nervous System—Histomorphological Spectrum: A Study of 538 Cases
Authors: Bhatt Anusha S. , Mhatre Radhika , Nadeesh Bevinahalli N. , Mahadevan Anita , Yasha T. Chickabasaviah , Santosh Vani
Published: October 2019

Background A wide spectrum of non-neoplastic cystic lesions can occur in the central nervous system (CNS). These are uncommon, benign and of diverse aetiology, pathogenesis and clinical presentation.The spectrum of these lesion varies based on the location and in turn histogenesis.

Objectives To evaluate the pathologic spectrum of non-neoplastic cystic lesions in the CNS (both developmental and acquired) and highlight the role of histopathology in the diagnosis of these cystic lesions.

Settings and Design This was a retrospective study done at Department of Neuropathology,NIMHANS.

Materials and Methods All the histologically diagnosed non-neoplastic cystic lesions of CNS submitted to the Department of Neuropathology between 2014 and 2017 were reviewed in this study. The data was analysed in relation to the type of cysts, location(intracranial and spinal), and clinical profile using SPSS software version 17.0.

Results The study included 538 cases with patient age ranging from 5 months to 90 years [M:F:1:1.05]. Non-infective cysts (489/538, 90.8%) predominated over the infective cysts (49/539, 9.2%) with epidermoid cysts (132/538, 24.5%) being the most frequent one followed by colloid cysts (126/538, 23.4%) and arachnoid cysts (111/538,20.6%). The most common infective cyst was neurocysticercosis (42/538, 7.8%) followed by hydatid cyst (7/538, 1.3%). Intracranial cysts (415/538, 77.1%) were more common than spinal ones (123/538, 22.9%). Conclusions: A variety of cystic lesions occur in the CNS with overlapping clinical features, image findings and lining. Hence, histological analysis plays a crucial role in the evaluation of these lesions.
Low-Glycemic-Index Diet Relieving Migraine but Inducing Muscle Cramps
Authors: Finsterer Josef , Frank Marlies
Published: October 2019

Low-glycemic-index diet (LGID) has been shown to exhibit a beneficial effect in patients with epilepsy, exercise-induced dyskinesia, writer's cramp, migraine, and in myopathic mice. A 57-year-old female with classical migraine with and without aura since 14 years of age and a frequency of 8 to 12 attacks per month experienced some relief using a nasal spray of zolmitriptan since 10 years. Occasionally, she developed a status migrainosus lasting up to 5 days. At the age of 57 years, she started an LGID and recognized a significant decline of frequency and intensity of her migraine attacks but also of other abnormalities shortly after starting the diet. After 8 weeks on the LGID muscle cramps of the left calve, which radiated to the thighs, buttocks, and from there to the right leg, accompanied by fasciculations developed. The slight modification of the LGID, naproxen, and novaminsulfon relieved the cramps. LGID may have a beneficial effect on classical migraine but may induce muscle cramps, which require modification of the LGID.
Is Single-Drug Prophylaxis in Migraine Prevention a Better Option than Combination Therapy? An Observational Study in a Rural Tertiary Care Center in North West India
Authors: Angra Monika , Bhardwaj Amit , Sharma Ashish , Kumar Girish , Singh Mandeep , Kaur Gurleen , Sharma Piyush
Published: October 2019

Background Migraine is a primary headache disorder that has a great impact on quality of life of patients. Pharmacologic therapy may be given in acute or abortive form and in the form of preventive therapy. In what form is preventive therapy to be given? Whether monotherapy is to be used or combination therapy? In what cases does combination therapy fare better than monotherapy? These queries are still unanswered.

Materials and Methods All patients with headache reporting to the outpatient department were screened, and those fulfilling inclusion criteria were included in the study. Those patients who had chronic daily headache (headache for 15 or more days in a month) or who had other comorbidities and those who were taking any other drugs and were pregnant were excluded from the study. Baseline parameters, duration of headache, frequency of attacks, severity, and location of headache, triggers, and aggravating factors were recorded. Then, patients were started on abortive and preventive therapy. The follow-up was done at 3 and 6 months and if required earlier. At each follow-up, data regarding frequency, severity, and adverse effects were recorded and analyzed.

Results We studied 105 patients of migraine, out of which 15 (14.3%) were males and 90 (85.7%) were females. Moreover, most (72%) of the patients were of the age group of 30 to 49 years. Only 11 (10.5%) patients required three or more preventive medicines for the control of headache and rest 94 (89.5%) patients were controlled on single (49 patients, i.e., 46.7%) or two 45, that is, 42.9% preventive medicines 49.

Conclusion For the newly diagnosed migraine cases, the single-drug preventive therapy is more useful than the combination of drugs.
Frontoethmoid Osteoma Causing Tension Pneumocephalus
Authors: Iplikcioglu Ahmet Celal , Karabag Hamza
Published: October 2019

Tension pneumocephalus is a life-threatening condition that is characterized by the accumulation of intracranial air, causing increased intracranial pressure. Paranasal sinus osteomas are common, slow-growing benign tumors usually diagnosed incidentally. Paranasal sinus osteomas causing tension pneumocephalus have been very rarely reported.
Yield of Muscle Biopsy in Patients with Findings of Myopathy on Electrodiagnostic Testing
Authors: Siddiqui Sarah Hasan , Ahmed Raheel , Awan Safia , Zain Ambreen , Khan Sara
Published: October 2019

Background The evaluation of neuromuscular diseases includes detailed clinical assessment, blood testing, electrodiagnostic studies (EDS), biopsy, and genetic tests. EDS alone cannot provide a specific diagnosis. Further testing in the form of genetic tests or muscle biopsy (MB) is required.

Objective The objective of the study is to evaluate the yield of MB in patients with findings of myopathy on electrodiagnostic testing and assess the factors affecting an abnormal biopsy outcome.

Methods Electromyography (EMG)/nerve conduction studies (NCS) performed for suspected myopathy over 5 years from 2011 to 2016, at the neurophysiology department of a tertiary care center in Pakistan, were reviewed. Based on inclusion criteria, records of 58 patients were retrospectively reviewed.

Results After an EMG/NCS diagnosis of myopathy, the frequency of MB testing was only 10.1%. The median age of patients was 26.5 years. The clinically suspected diagnosis was categorized into hereditary myopathy (n = 15, 25.9%) and acquired myopathy (n = 18, 31%). The positive predictive value of EMG is 77.2%. Twenty-eight (48.2%) patients had abnormal MB whereas 20 (34.4%) revealed normal findings. Factors significantly influencing an abnormal outcome of biopsy included moderate-to-severe elevation of creatine kinase (>2,000 U/L),presence of denervation changes, and severe myopathy on EMG.

Conclusion Even though the overall yield of MB testing may not be very high in our setting due to the unavailability of special techniques and expertise, certain factors can help to improve the diagnostic yield. Clinicians should encourage MB testing, especially in cases with strong clinical, laboratory and electrodiagnostic suspicion, and absence of genetic testing for suspected myopathy.
Choosing between Muscle and Fasciocutaneous Free Flap Reconstruction in the Treatment of Lower Extremity Osteomyelitis: Available Evidence for a Function-Specific Approach
Authors: Kovar Alexandra , Colakoglu Salih , Iorio Matthew L.
Published: October 2019

Background Limb salvage in the setting of extremity osteomyelitis, though previously dependent on amputation, has been markedly improved through the application of free tissue flaps. Concern exists as to the utility of the fasciocutaneous flap to combat infection verses the traditional muscle flap. Prior studies have shown success with fasciocutaneous flaps in these patients, but given the small series, the choice remains controversial. The goal of this article was to determine if there is statistical evidence for flap choice in the setting of extremity osteomyelitis.

Methods A systematic review utilizing Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) guidelines was completed of the current literature pertaining to the treatment of extremity osteomyelitis and flap reconstruction within the MedLine and PubMed databases. Six hundred forty-six studies were reviewed and ultimately 31 were included in the final analysis.

Results Eight hundred seventy-eight flap reconstructions were identified. Of the 588 muscle flaps, 7.8% (n = 46) had recurrence of osteomyelitis after an average of 36.1 (8.0–111.6) months follow-up. There were seven cases (4.3%) of osteomyelitis recurrence in the 163 fasciocutaneous flap group after an average of 29.8 (18.2–44.6) months follow-up (p = 0.165). Secondary outcomes such as flap loss, hematomas, and infection were analyzed without statistically significant differences between the muscle and fasciocutaneous flap groups.

Conclusion Selection of flap type is less important than adequate debridement, appropriate antibiotic selection, and sufficient duration of treatment. This study demonstrates that within the literature, fasciocutaneous flaps have a lower recurrence rate of osteomyelitis compared with muscle flaps. As such, fasciocutaneous flaps are appropriate for reconstruction and treatment of extremity osteomyelitis.
Neurological Manifestations of Sanjad–Sakati Syndrome: New Three Reported Cases from Tunisia
Authors: Bouattour Nadia , KamounFeki Fatma , Bouchaala Wafa , Ben Nsir Siham , Triki Chahnez
Published: October 2019

Sanjad–Sakati syndrome (SSS), or hypoparathyroidism–mental retardation dysmorphism syndrome, is a rare autosomal recessive congenital disorder characterized by congenital hypoparathyroidism, growth and neurodevelopmental delay, acute symptomatic seizures due to hypocalcemia, and dysmorphic features. The syndrome is underdiagnosed, and neurological manifestations are not previously described. We report three Tunisian patients with SSS revealed by acute symptomatic hypocalcemic epileptic seizures. Despite the well-controlled seizures, patients tend to continue having poor growth and neurological outcome. The diagnosis of SSS allowed for proper treatment of the patients, prevented associated comorbidities, and provided genetic counseling to their families.
Partial carrier freeze-out at the LaAlO3/SrTiO3 oxide interface
Authors: Meaney S. , Pan A. V. , Jones A. , Fedoseev S. A.
Published: October 2019

High quality robust two-dimensional electron gas (2DEG) LaAlO3/SrTiO3 (LAO/STO) interfaces are produced using pulsed laser deposition and an acid-free substrate Ti-termination process, resulting in single unit cell terraces. Temperature dependent resistance measurements show two hysteresis anomalies around 80 K and 160 K. By using Hall measurements, we find an Arrhenius dependence in charge carrier density describing a partial carrier freeze-out below ∼80 K. We show that these two resistance anomalies are unrelated to the temperature dependence of the charge carrier density despite the tempting coincidence of the low temperature hysteresis feature and the freeze-out process. A two-carrier model is required to accurately estimate the activation energy of the thermally activated type charge carriers, which are found to be ∼5 to 7 meV. These results support the theory that oxygen vacancy defects contribute to the metallic conductivity at the 2DEG LAO/STO interface even for annealed samples.
Study on flow separation and transition of the airfoil in low Reynolds number
Authors: Dong Hao , Xia Tianyu , Chen Lin , Liu Shicheng , Cui Y. D. , Khoo B. C. , Zhao Aihong
Published: October 2019

As typical flow characteristics in a low Reynolds number, laminar separation bubbles (LSBs) and transition to turbulence over airfoils have been extensively studied in recent years. In order to analyze their flow mechanism, numerical investigation using the finite volume method to solve the Reynolds averaged Navier-Stokes equations with a transition Shear Stress Transport (SST) four-equation transition model is performed in this work, combined with the experimental study facilitated by the oil film interferometry technique. Specifically, the transition SST four-equation transition model is solved to simulate the separation location and LSB structure at low Reynolds numbers on a Wortmann FX63-137 airfoil. Good agreement is obtained between the numerical simulation and experimental measurements regarding the separation, transition and reattachment location, aerodynamic coefficients, and overall flow structures. At higher Reynolds numbers of 200 000 and 300 000, similar bubble structures on the airfoil surface are observed, and the location of the bubble moves toward the leading edge of the airfoil by increasing the angle of attack. However, in Reynolds numbers ranging from 300 000 to 500 000, significant changes of the laminar flow separation structures emerge. The flow structure changes from the classical laminar separation bubble to the nonclassical separation flow structure that is composed of a major vortex 1(V1) and a minor vortex 2(V2). Due to the small distance between V1 and V2, it is difficult to distinguish the delicate structure of the two separation bubbles from the classical laminar separation bubble by the experimental method.
Broadband impedance matching using acoustic metamaterial with a helical hole
Authors: Gebrekidan Semere Birhane , Hwang Young-In , Kim Hak-Joon , Song Sung-Jin
Published: October 2019

By utilizing a unit cell helical hole acoustic metamaterial, we illustrate the realization of broadband transmission without the need for the interlayer spacing or gradient structure. Its transmission property is evaluated analytically and numerically based on effective medium approximation theory, and its effective material properties are extracted. By modifying the structure, a broadband transmission is obtained as a result of constructive interference of waves due to the coupled helices along with Fabry–Pérot resonance. Therefore, the bandwidth is improved from 36% to 82%. Furthermore, we experimentally verified the acoustic transmission property of the modified and unmodified structures, and good agreement is achieved with numerical simulation. Compared to a double-layer modified metamaterial, a single layer shows a greater bandwidth. Therefore, the proposed metamaterial could open up to a compact and broadband impedance matching metamaterial for a wide range of applications.
Quasi-Monte Carlo technique in global sensitivity analysis of wind resource assessment with a study on UAE
Authors: Tsvetkova Olga , Ouarda Taha B. M. J.
Published: October 2019

The present paper bridges mathematical modeling and wind resource assessment (WRA). Sensitivity analysis (SA) links portions of output variance to the variance in each input variable. Global SA (GSA) explores inputs globally. One-at-a-time SA is dominating in WRA, while GSA is often overlooked. Compared to traditional methods, GSA offers potential improvement by the means of the quasi-Monte Carlo (QMC) technique with its elaborate sampling designs enabling faster convergence. The main novelty of this work is twofold: the use of QMC in WRA and Sobol method as a variance-based GSA method in WRA. This paper is among a few using GSA in WRA. Two case studies were conducted. One shows that QMC with sampling based on Sobol sampling outperforms Latin hypercube sampling and pseudorandom sampling. It also shows that in terms of accuracy of results, the brute-force calculation of Sobol sensitivity indices (SI) should be used whenever the model allows it; otherwise, SI can be estimated. Another case study demonstrates a valid GSA study for WRA at Masdar City, United Arab Emirates. The results suggest that the influence of the variance in Weibull parameters on annual energy production (AEP) might be overestimated, while found to be responsible for 2% of AEP uncertainty, and the influence of the variance in air density might be overlooked, while found to account for 94%. WRA studies would benefit greatly from using the QMC and Sobol method. The Sobol method is a universal GSA method, providing valid results for nonlinear models typical for WRA, and QMC provides global scalability, model independence, and flexibility in uncertainty quantification.
Ballistic transport in periodically modulated MgZnO/ZnO two-dimensional electron systems
Authors: Tanaka K. , Falson J. , Kozuka Y. , Uchida M. , Maryenko D. , Ye J. T. , Iwasa Y. , Tsukazaki A. , Smet J. H. , Kawasaki M.
Published: October 2019

We report the fabrication of both antidot lattices and unidirectional stripe patterns upon molecular beam epitaxy grown MgZnO/ZnO heterostructures. The magnetoresistance of these high mobility devices exhibits commensurability oscillations associated with ballistic transport of carriers executing orbital motion within the geometry of the imposed modulation.
Arf6 regulates RhoB subcellular localization to control cancer cell invasion
Authors: Zaoui Kossay , Rajadurai Charles V. , Duhamel Stéphanie , Park Morag
Published: October 2019

The ADP-ribosylation factor 6 (Arf6) is a small GTPase that regulates endocytic recycling processes in concert with various effectors. Arf6 controls cytoskeletal organization and membrane trafficking; however, the detailed mechanisms of regulation remain poorly understood. Here, we report that Arf6 forms a complex with RhoB. The interaction between RhoB and Arf6 is mediated by the GCI (glycine, cysteine, and isoleucine) residues (188–190) of RhoB. Specific targeting of Arf6 to plasma membrane or mitochondrial membranes promotes recruitment and colocalization of RhoB to these membrane microdomains. Arf6 depletion promotes the loss of RhoB from endosomal membranes and leads to RhoB degradation through an endolysosomal pathway. This results in defective actin and focal adhesion dynamics and increased 3D cell migration upon activation of the Met receptor tyrosine kinase. Our findings identify a novel regulatory mechanism for RhoB localization and stability by Arf6 and establish the strict requirement of Arf6 for RhoB-specific subcellular targeting to endosomes and biological functions.
Climate change mitigation and adaptation strategies for construction activities within planetary boundaries: Limitations of developing countries
Authors: Tunji-Olayeni PF , Omuh IO , Afolabi AO , Ojelabi RA , Eshofonie EE
Published: October 2019

Continued unsustainable human activities have ushered in a new climate regime where storms have become more intense, droughts periods are now longer, floods are incessant and the occurrence of wild fires more frequent. Mitigating the effects of climate change is crucial for minimizing the occurrence of hazards associated with climate change. Adapting to this new climate era is important for the continued existence of life on planet earth. This paper presents a review of climate mitigation and adaptation strategies with specific focus on the construction industry. It discusses the following climate mitigation and adaptation strategies: use of green energy, use of sustainable building materials, construction of high rise buildings and living building elements, use of innovative designs and construction methods and recycling of urban waste. The paper also argues that developing countries are most vulnerable to climate change effects but certain factors limit them from mitigating and adapting to climate change.
Cement saturation and the effect on stability and compressive strength of concrete
Authors: Odumade Adegboyega O. , Ezeah Chukwunonye , Ugwu Onuegbu O.
Published: October 2019

This research work is aimed at determining the effect of saturation of cement on the stability and compressive strength of concrete. Three different mix ratios were considered: 1:1½:3, 1:2:4 and 1:3:6; alongside three different water - cement ratios: 0.55, 0.60 and 0.65. The key concrete characteristics checked for were stability, workability and compressive strength. Results indicate that mix ratio 1:1½:3 produced a high workability for the three cement ratios considered, mix ratio 1:2:4 produced a low workability for water cement ratio 0.55 and 0.60 and a high workability for 0.65; while for mix ratio 1:3:6, a dry mix was produced for the three water cement ratios considered, thereby requiring additional water which eventually gave a low workability. The compressive strength results indicate that the mix with the highest values of strength were 1:1½:3 at water – cement ratio of 0.55 with a strength of 29.3N/mm2after 28 days and 1:2:4 at water – cement ratio of 0.55 and strength of 26.4N/mm2 after 28 days. The mixes with the least strength are 1:3:6 at water - cement ratio of 0.65 having a strength of 13.6N/mm2 after 28 days, and 1:3:6 at water – cement ratio of 0.60 with strength of 13.3N/mm2 after 28 days. The deduction is also made that for the three mix ratios considered, the most suitable water – cement ratio is 0.55 based on stability and compressive strength.
Effective workspace design: imperative in resolving problem of increasing fluidity of knowledge-based academic activities in universities
Authors: Adenipekun M. T. , Ajibola M. O. , Oluwunmi A. O.
Published: October 2019

Academic workspace is globally witnessing paradigm shift in designs in the contemporary time. This is as a result of the increasing fluidity of academic work in recent time and the requests emanating from industries for commercialisation of research findings. This has prompted the global attempts to standardize workspace designs particularly in knowledge-based work that contained many different activities. Benefits outlined in this new designs underline activity based work environments with outlined space utilisation and effectiveness. This paper expressed the fact that effectiveness of workers in universities depends on the adequacy and effectiveness of workspace provided. Against this background is this compares of the National University Commission (NUC) workspace standard in Nigeria with the International standards. This is with a view to improving the existing designs of Nigerian academic workspace. Data gathered from literature were used as International Benchmark to compare with the National University Commission (NUC) Benchmark. These data were analysed using tables. Findings showed that design of academic workspace in Nigerian universities is both environmentally and technologically below the contemporary time international requirements. This paper concludes that the situation of academic workspace design in Nigerian universities still leaves gap for improvement to meet international benchmark. It recommends that Federal Government of Nigeria (FGN) should encourage the adoption of minimum standard of academic workspace facilities that will compare favourably with international standard for better effective international research collaboration and job performance in universities. Managers, authorities of universities, academia, facilities managers, real estate managers, planners, designers, developers and investors in academic facilities to synergise and develop user-friendly workspace that can flow with the fluidity of knowledge work in academia.
Air quality estimation Over Tamale using aerosol-loading parameters
Authors: Emetere M.E. , Abodunrin T.J.
Published: October 2019

Air quality over Tamale requires urgent attention due to several years of anthropogenicpollutions. The aerosol optical depth (AOD) was obtained from satellite measurement, that is, Multi-angle Imaging Spectro-Radiometer (MISR). The dataset was first treated and then separated using the average monthly values. The average AOD dataset was used to estimate the aerosol loading over Tamale using the West Africa Regional Scale Aerosol Dispersion model (WARSDM). The dataset presented in this paper is necessary to understand the physical implications of satellite measurements and the risk involved if actions are not taken.
Dynamics of pollution from bush burning: Analysis from first principles
Authors: Emetere M.E. , Aghogho E.
Published: October 2019

The hazards of bush burning are enormous to human health and climate system. The study looks into the dynamics of bush burning with the focus to develop a recovery plan for regions with poor atmospheric ventilation. The analysis was considered using the first principles on air pollution. Varying initial and boundary conditions were considered to derive the best outcome.
Computational extrapolation of municipal waste generation in Nigeria
Authors: Emetere M.E. , Jumbo H.
Published: October 2019

Estimating municipal waste pollution in developing countries is quite complicated because there is little or no effort by sanitation officer to embark on this laudable task. Aside helping health officer to understand the dynamics of disease outbreak, it is a new concept in alternative energy generation. In this paper, the artificial neural network (ANN) and fuzzy logic (ANFIS tool) was used to estimate municipal waste generation for Nigeria. The primary dataset was obtained from the Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD) database. It was discovered that the municipal energy generation over Nigeria is huge and calls for government intervention.
A Systematic Review of Current Trends in Web Content Mining
Authors: Samuel Makinde Opeyemi , Tolulope Afolabi Ibukun , Oyejoke Oladipupo Olufunke
Published: October 2019

Knowledge in web documents, Relevance ranking of webpages and so on are some of the under-researched areas in web content mining (WCM). Apart from the general data mining tools used for knowledge discovery in web, there have been few attempts at reviewing WCM and these were from the perspective of the methods used and the problems solved but not in sufficient depth. This existing literature review attempts does not also reveal which problems have been under-researched and which application area has the most attention when it gets to WCM. The goal of this systematic review is to make available a comprehensive and semi-structured overview of WCM methods, problems and solutions proffered. To provide a comprehensive literature review on this subject, 57 publications which include journals, conferences proceeding, and workshops were considered between the periods of 1999-2018. The findings reveal that updating dynamic content, efficient content extraction, eliminating noise blocks etc remain the most prominent challenges associated with WCM with a very high attention on solving these problems in a more efficient manner. Also, most of the solutions proffered to the problems still come with their various limitations which make this area of research fertile for future research. Caching dynamic web data. With regard to content, the techniques used for content extraction in WCM consist of used Data Update Propagation (DUP), Association rule, Object Dependence Graphs, classification techniques, Document Object Model, Vision-Based Segmentation, Hyperlink-Induced Topic Search and so on. Finally, the study revealed that WCM has been mostly applied to general websites which include random webpages seeking to extract specific parameters. The review was able to identify the limitations of the current research on the subject matter and identify future research opportunities in WCM.
Advancement on Cloud Attenuation Modelling in Tropical Ota Climatic Zone
Authors: Adewusi O. M. , Omotosho T.V. , Akinyemi M. L. , Akinwumi S. A. , Ometan O. O.
Published: October 2019

This is a further study on development of the cloud attenuation model for improvement of the availability of satellite services in tropical Ota (6.7oN, 3.23oE) climatic zone. The radiometric data analysis has been re-evaluated for better accuracy through the Matlab embedded into the data processing electronic spreadsheets. The collection of station data such as the spectrum analyser beacon measurements of the total attenuation at re-established elevation angle 59.9° to Astra 2(E-G) satellites located at 28.2°E; the station weather parameters and the clouds parameters visual measurements; as well as the acquisition of station climatic zone radiosonde data were carried out. Then the station spectrum analyser data for 2014 - 2017 were analysed to obtain cloud attenuation contributions from the total attenuation measurement. Cloud attenuation distributions outputs of these data analyses were used to obtain the station integrated cumulative distribution for each of the existing cloud models and the 2014 – 2017 integrated data. The results at the station beacons frequency of 12.245 GHz show wide gap between the 3.40 dB maximum cloud attenuation by the Ota spectrum analyser integrated data cumulative distribution to the 0.81 dB maximum cloud attenuation predicted by its closest ITU-R model, while next in closeness is the Liebe model, followed by Slobin model. This recommends a new cloud attenuation model be developed for the tropical region. The earlier published cloud attenuation algorithm is further developed with simulation program written to run its simulations cycles over possible range of maximum signal amplitudes, using the Ota climatic zone radiosonde empirical data (1953-2011) for computations of each cloud layer’s liquid water content and specific cloud attenuation coefficient. The cumulative distribution curves obtained were compared with those for each generated simulation distribution and the closest match to the station integrated data cumulative distribution became the new cloud attenuation model for Ota climatic zone. The new model predicted 4.0 dB margin for signals to pass through clouds attenuation effect in the Ota climatic zone, revealing that the prediction for cloud attenuation by the earlier models largely under estimate the margin for the tropical region.
A Systematic Mapping Study of Architectural Models for Achieving Utility in the Cloud
Authors: Odun-Ayo Isaac , Goddy-Worlu Rowland , Geteloma Victor , Okezie Fiona , Bishung Janet
Published: October 2019

Cloud computing is an important model that allows for information exchange between the various aspects of the Cloud using different service types and models. The issue of deciding a specific research scopemostly in terms of architectural models used in achieving utility in the Cloud, is usually a complex process for a researcher. However, a review or survey paper assists in easily identifying likely topics of research. The objective of this work is to carry out a systematic mapping study of architectural models for achieving utility in the Cloud. A systematic mapping research allows for categorization in a subject area using a scheme based on certain classification process. The scheme used in this paper was categorized into three facets namely: topic, research and contribution facets. The results showed for example that, 30.77% of the papers reviewed on architectural models for achieving utility in Cloud computing are related to evaluation research. The breakdown identified that 5.98% of the evaluation research dealt with design, 6.84% considered applications, 10.26% focused on performance models, 3.42% discussed implementation, 1.71% was on platforms and 2.56% dealt with component models. This study vividly identified gaps in the field of architectural models for achieving utility in the Cloud. This will stimulate interest for advanced studies by both researchers and industry practitioners.
Empirical Review of the Challenges of the Cashless Policy Implementation in Nigeria: A Cross-Sectional Research
Authors: Ejiobih Chukwuebuka , A.Oni Aderonke , Ayo Charles K. , Bishung Janet , Ajibade Adejoke , Koyejo Ooreofe , Olushola Austin
Published: October 2019

Since the implementation of the cashless policy on January 1st, 2012 in Lagos state which is aimed at reducing the high cost of cash production, circulation and distribution in Nigerian economy, the set-out goals have not been fully achieved due to several on-going challenges. This survey research was conducted to review challenges of the cashless policy implementation in Nigeria and to identify factors that influence the adoption of electronic payment for exchange of value. The Unified Theory of Acceptance and Usage of Technology (UTAUT) was employed to identify various challenges from data gathered through questionnaires distributed to different stakeholders in the economy. A total of 410 questionnaires were collected and the research work adopted used Partial Least Square (PLS) method and used SmartPLS software during the data analysis. The attendant findings were pivotal to understanding the challenges encountered in implementing cashless policy in Nigeria. Using UTAUT we measured the significance and impact of Social Influence, Facilitating Condition, Effort Expectancy, Performance Expectancy and Behavioural Intent to Use on Actual User Adoption. From the result, facilitating conditions has no direct effect on actual system use and trust has no positive effect on behavioural intention to adopt the system. This study shows that despite the implementation of this policy, a lot of users are still being faced with various challenges and more efforts are still being required to achieve an effective cashless society.
The prospects of adopting e-learning in the Nigerian education system: a case study of Covenant University
Authors: Ayomide Odegbesan Omobolaji , Ayo Charles , Atinuke Oni Aderonke , Adeoba Tomilayo F. , Chidinma Gift Okezie , Udenwagu Nnaemeka E.
Published: October 2019

The conventional method of education has shrunken adequate information access and acquisition capability. However, this as further widened the educational knowledge gap. This research study examined the prospect of adopting e-learning in the Nigerian educational system. The Unified Theory of acceptance and use of technology (UTAUT)modelwas utilized in other to properly investigate the adoption of e-learning for an improved educational system in Nigeria. Adescriptive survey design was employed, and a quantitative research method was used for data gathering and analysis. A total of 574 responses was obtainedfrom the research study respondents. The study analysis result showed that the Average variance extracted (AVE) for actual use, behavioural intention, experience, effort expectancy, facilitating condition, performance expectancy and social influence was o.738,0.790,0.670,0.804,0.749,0.861,0.514 respectively, and the discriminant value for actual use, behavioural intention, experience, effort expectancy, facilitating condition, performance expectancy and social influence were 0.859,0.889,0.897,0.819,0.865,0.928 and 0.717 respectively. This analysis result suggests that the research model convergent and discriminate validity were acceptable. Furthermore, approximately 59.7% of the variance of behavioural intention (BI) to adopt eLearning was illustrated by the PE (Performance Expectancy), EE (Effort Expectancy), and SI (Social Influence); Where R2 = 0.597. Furthermore, about 77.5% of the variance of actual adoption (AC) of eLearning was explained by behavioural intention (BI) to adopt eLearning Where R2 = 0.775. The result suggests that Performance expectancy (PE), Effort Expectancy (EE) and Social Influence (SI) have a positive effect of the behavioural intention to adopt e-Learning and the behavioral intention would lead to the actual adoption of eLearning. Additionally, Facilitating condition (FC) and Experience (E) have a positive effect on the actual adoption of e-Learning. The result of the research study suggests that the adoption of e-Learningin Nigeria educational system is influenced by the ease of use, performance gain, public sway, adequate support, and proficiency.