bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Effects of cefazolin-containing niosome nanoparticles against methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus biofilm formed on chronic wounds
Authors: Zafari Mahdi , Adibi Mahsa , Chiani Mohsen , Bolourchi Negin , Barzi Seyed Mahmoud , Shams Nosrati Mohammad Sadegh , Bahari Zeinab , Shirvani Parisa , Noghabi Kambiz Akbari , Ebadi Mojgan , Rahimirad Nazanin , Shafiei Morvarid
Published: November 2020

The ability of biofilm formation in methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) causes significant mortality and morbidity in wound infections. Nanoparticles because of the drug concentration increment at the point of contact of nanoparticles and bacteria, and slower release of the drug at the desired location are considered as proper tools to overcome the therapeutic problem of antimicrobial-resistant infections. This study was aimed to evaluate the anti-biofilm activity of cefazolin-loaded nanoparticles against MRSA isolates. The 27 clinical isolates of MRSA were collected from patients with pressure sores and diabetic ulcers referred to Loghman Hospital in Tehran—Iran. MRSA isolates were detected by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and biochemical tests. Cefazolin-loaded niosome was synthesized using the thin-film hydration method and were characterized by zeta potential measurement and transmission electron microscopy (TEM). The round-shaped cefazolin-loaded niosomes had a diameter of 100 nm and a −63 mV zeta potential. The cefazolin-containing niosomes removed 1, 3, and 5 d old biofilms at the concentration of 128 µg ml−1, 128 µg ml−1, and 256 µg ml−1, respectively. Histological results indicated that BALB/c mice receiving cefazolin-loaded niosomes were treated effectively faster than those treated by cefazolin or untreated group. In conclusion, the cefazolin-loaded niosome could be considered as a promising candidate for the treatment of biofilm-mediated infections of MRSA.
A spatially variable scarcity of floating microplastics in the eastern North Pacific Ocean
Authors: Egger Matthias , Nijhof Rein , Quiros Lauren , Leone Giulia , Royer Sarah-Jeanne , McWhirter Andrew C , Kantakov Gennady A , Radchenko Vladimir I , Pakhomov Evgeny A , Hunt Brian P V , Lebreton Laurent
Published: November 2020

Plastic waste accumulating in the global ocean is an increasingly threatening environmental issue. To date, the floating and thus most visible fraction of ocean plastic pollution has been mapped at global scale. Yet, large knowledge gaps exist in our current understanding of the transport and transformation processes of positively buoyant plastic debris at the sea surface. Observations at sea typically report an apparent scarcity of microplastics (<5 mm) relative to the expected abundance-size distribution based on fragmentation of larger plastic objects. Here, we provide a comprehensive study on the relative abundance of microplastics (>500 µm) and mesoplastics (0.5–5 cm) in the surface waters of the eastern North Pacific Ocean using data from 1136 040 plastic fragments collected by 679 neuston trawl deployments between 2015 and 2019. Our results reveal that the apparent microplastic scarcity is not uniformly distributed across the region. Instead, we show that the relative abundance of floating microplastics increases from the outside to the inside of the North Pacific Garbage Patch. We hypothesize that this observation could be explained by (i) a spatially variable microplastic removal due to spatial differences in ocean productivity, (ii) a differential dispersal of micro- vs. mesoplastics with a preferential accumulation of microplastics in the subtropical gyre, and/or (iii) the timescales associated with transport and fragmentation of plastic objects at the ocean surface with older, more degraded, floating plastic accumulation in subtropical gyres. The results presented here highlight that global estimates of the accumulation and removal of positively buoyant microplastics need to consider spatial aspects such as variations in ocean productivity, the dominant physical transport processes in a given area, as well as the time needed for a plastic object to reach the specific offshore location.
The nature of the formation in clay strata of oil and gas saturated fractured reservoirs
Authors: Alexandrov B L , Zakharchenko E I , Moskalenko I V , Elzhaev A S
Published: November 2020

Today, the production of hydrocarbons produced from clay strata of varying degrees of consolidation and metamorphization had widely developed in the world. Currently, there are many hypotheses on the formation of reservoirs in industrial oil-bearing clay rocks. The paper analyzes the mindsets on the occurrence of oil-saturated fractured clay reservoirs, presents factors affecting the distribution of radioactive elements, substantiates the mechanism of formation of fractured porosity in clay oil-saturated strata. Due to the lack of a generally accepted concept for the formation of unconventional clay reservoirs, the article proposes a new hypothesis for the formation of fractured reservoirs in these unique sections, based on a critical analysis of existing views.
Intrasoil dispersed phosphogypsum utilization in a small aggregate chernozem system
Authors: Batukaev A A , Mishchenko N A , Kalinichenko V P , Sukovatov V A , Chernenko V V , Batukaev A A
Published: November 2020

Unregulated accumulation of phosphogypsum leads to dangerous geochemical flows with an avalanche effect. As a new option for the application of phosphogypsum, its dispersed placement in the small aggregate chernozem system at a depth of its modern anthropogenic illumination was described. A milling method for treating a soil layer of 30–60 cm was developed. Phosphogypsum and soil interact and agrophysical soil properties can be improved. The anthropogenic eluvial-illuvial structure of the soil profile can be eliminated. The morphological, agrophysical properties and soil moisture conditions, thermodynamic processes with Pb2 +, Cd2 + ions, the morphological parameters of the root system and the yield of sunflower after application of phosphogypsum during its utilization by dispersing in the soil layer of 30–60 cm were studied. Improved soil properties and conditions for development of the rhizosphere, passivation of heavy metals as a result of the carbonate-calcium equilibrium in the soil solution were described. The ecosphere and the agricultural production effect of phosphogypsum utilization in chernozem were substantiated.
Study of soil enzymatic activity of oil fields in the Republic of Kalmykia
Authors: Buluktaev A A
Published: November 2020

Pollution of soils with oil and oil products, for today, very actual problem. In the present study, the content of soil enzymes (catalases, phosphatases, ureases and invertases) in the soils of Kalmykia oilfields has been studied to diagnose oil pollution. The content of oil products in the soils of oilfields is studied. As a result of research, it is established that the most informative soil enzyme in relation to oil pollution is catalase. Activity of phosphatase, ureases and invertase even in the background soils is minimal, as the studied soils show weak biological activity. It is proved that the change of catalase activity, as a rule, is in direct dependence on oil content in soil, the higher the content of oil and oil products in soil, the lower the activity of catalase.
The influence of sample preparation techniques on results of extraction of heavy metals from soil
Authors: Burachevskaya M V , Minkina T M , Mandzhieva S S , Cicuashvili V S , Fedorenko E S , Pogonyshev P D , Coskun G , Kizilkaya R
Published: November 2020

A study of the composition of mobile compounds of heavy metals (HM) in the area of aerosol contamination by a heat supply company showed an increase in the number of these compounds near the source of contamination. In the group of loosely bound compounds, the largest part is represented by specifically sorbed compounds. Sample preparation (the degree of sample grinding) had a noticeable effect on the extractability of Zn, Cu, and Pb from the soil. During the sifting of a soil sample through a 0.25 mm sieve, the extraction of mobile forms of HM increases significantly (by 7–16 %). Thus, with an increase in the specific surface of soil particles, the extracting ability of the reagents increases. It is necessary to take into account the sample preparation used in each fractionation method to evaluate the results and compare them.
The use of bioassay methods in assessing soil pollution with zinc
Authors: Galaktionova L V , Terehova N A , Gavrish I A , Lebedev S V
Published: November 2020

Increasing release of a new class of pollutants (nanoparticles) into the environment necessitates studying the applicability of classical biotesting methods and identifying the features of their application. We conducted a study on a site located in the development zone of forest-steppe chernozems with an area of about 100 m2. The plot was divided into micro plots and nanoparticles. Zn solution was added to each surface at concentrations of 1000 mg/kg, 750 mg/kg, 500 mg/kg, 250 mg/kg and 100 mg/kg. In the course of field and laboratory studies, we identified germination, biomass and tolerance index of test cultures (Triticum aestivum, Raphanus sativus). A study of soil contamination with zinc nanoforms showed that the test plants Raphanus sativus and Triticum aestivum had different sensitivity to the effects of the toxicant. The germination rate showed the greatest dose-dependent dependence of Zn nanoparticles. Further growth and development of plants showed a gradual adaptation of plants to the effects of the stress factor and a gradual stabilization of the biomass and tolerance index.
Modern exodynamic processes of relief formation under conditions of anthropogenic impact on the territory of the Klyazma river basin
Authors: Repkin R V , Lyubesheva A V , Pronina E L
Published: November 2020

The basin approach is the basis of this study of the factors of modern relief formation. Modern exogenous morphogenesis of landscapes of the river basin and its parts is not well researched. In this regard, the study of the dynamics of exogenous processes characteristic of the landscapes of the Klyazma river basin in areas with different types and degree of anthropogenic impact is relevant. Based on the results of field geomorphological studies, locations of modern relief-forming processes (hydromorphism, karst, ravine erosion, landslide formation, lateral erosion of rivers) that are most characteristic of the study areas have been identified and mapped.
Recreational space as a factor of sustainable development of coastal geosystems of the Krasnodar region
Authors: Gura D A , Gura A Yu , Volkova T A , Lipilin D A
Published: November 2020

In this article, we will discuss the problems of high recreational pressure on beach areas, due to their deficit. Natural erosion of the coastal strip and other destructive processes, both natural and anthropogenic, lead to the need for an early and comprehensive analysis of the reviewed geosystems from different points of view. Comparison between the Azov and Black sea coasts of the Krasnodar territory reveals differences in the potential and dynamics of development of the tourist and recreational complex of these territories. Detailed segmentation and analysis of the status of beach areas was carried out according to the administrative division of the region. The paper analyzes questions related to the procedure for making certain managerial and organizational decisions that should have an effective impact on the work of the tourist and recreational complex. Coastal geosystems of the Krasnodar region have undeniable features and significance in contrast to other regions of Russia. In this regard, there is a need to divide the region into clusters.
Agent L6 injection at the Nekrasovsky oil field
Authors: Khuzin R R , Soloviev N N , Andreev V E , Krasnov Y I , Mukhametshin V V , Kuleshova L S , Lvova I V
Published: November 2020

At the Nekrasovskoye oil field, the technology of increasing the displacement coefficient by pumping agent L6 into the Bashkir layer was tested for the first time. Before conducting field tests, laboratory studies were carried out using core material, oil and produced water from this deposit, and the optimal composition was selected. Preliminary results are given in this article.
Current climate conditions within semi-arid rangelands of the Caspian lowland desert
Authors: Savinova S V , Bratkov V V , Klyushin P V , Lomakin G V , Musaev M R
Published: November 2020

The Caspian lowland desert is a plain slightly inclined to the Caspian Sea, which covers an area of 2,148,648 hectares and is divided into northern, more arid, with semi-desert landscapes (Nogai Steppe) and middle that covers the deltas of the Terek and the Sulak. These territories are routinely used for animal husbandry with a forage base to be attributed to climate conditions. In recent decades, there has been a widespread rise in air temperature with different trends in precipitation. These trends are estimated based on the datasets from the Makhachkala and Lagan meteorological stations for 1960–2018. Despite the current climate changes, the conditions for heat and moisture availability to support the vegetation period estimated by the hydrothermal coefficient generally remain quite stable and sometimes even more enabling for a sustainable forage base to be formed in the region.
To the characteristics of water-coastal flora steppe rivers of the central Caucasus
Authors: Amalova Z N , Iriskhanova Z I , Molochaeva L G , Khasueva B A , Khashieva L K
Published: November 2020

When studying the vegetation of water bodies, it is necessary to pay attention not only to the vegetation of the water body itself, but also to the vegetation of the low part of its shores. Thus, we study plants with a different attitude to water: hydrophytes that are real aquatic plants, fully or mostly immersed in water. Hygrophytes, hygrophilous plants that live on excessively moist soil under neutral acidity conditions, are usually found in swamps, along the banks of water bodies, on the swampy soils of meadows and forests. The transition group between hydrophytes and hygrophytes is hygrophytes – amphibians or wetland plants (helophytes). They occupy both aquatic and humid habitats on the shores. Aquatic vegetation is divided into real aquatic and amphibian vegetation.
Technology for preparation of contaminated water from poultry farms for irrigation
Authors: Bocharnikov V S , Kozinskaya O V , Denisova M A , Bocharnikova O V
Published: November 2020

Studies of the possibility of using wastewater from poultry enterprises for irrigation of light chestnut soils using sprinkler machines have shown that wastewater needs preliminary treatment. Currently, it remains relevant to search for the most effective and cost-efficient ways to treat wastewater. We propose wastewater treatment by sedimentation on natural zeolite, after which the treated effluents can be discharged into storage ponds for further use in agriculture using sprinklers. For sewage treatment, the settling method was used, before which the particle size distribution of zeolite tuffs was selected and the size of fractions was selected using sieves. The sedimentation was carried out at regular intervals on a natural sorbent (zeolite tuffs). As a result of the study, the optimal contact time of the natural sorbent with the studied effluents was selected, which allowed to reduce the concentration of impurities present to the value below the maximum permissible one. As a result of settling for 80 minutes, there is a decrease in the concentration of chemical impurities in the studied poultry runoff to the maximum permissible concentration. Irrigation with wastewater diluted in 1: 4 with pure water increased the yield of spring wheat compared to the control option by a factor of 1.5. The absorption of organic substances by a soil layer 0.6 m thick is 80-100%. Agricultural use of wastewater diluted 6-7 times provides additional net income from the cultivation of spring wheat by 40%.
Groundwater as a source of water supply for the Krutinsky District of the Omsk Region
Authors: Korchevskaya Yu V , Ushakova I G , Trotsenko I A , Gorelkina G A
Published: November 2020

The paper presents the results of the analysis of geological and hydro-geological situation in the Krutinsky district of the Omsk region, as well as the assessment of the quality of groundwater in terms of environmental friendliness of their use for potable water supply. In hydro-geological terms, the research area is located within the Irtysh artesian basin, covering a vast territory in the south of the West Siberian lowland. The Cenozoic sediments that compose the described territory contain a number of underground reservoirs, horizons and water-resistant strata separating them. The waters of Quaternary, Neogene and Oligocene sediments are of practical importance as a source of water supply. Groundwater is exploited by wells and shallow waters (in Neogene and Quaternary sediments) are exposed and exploited by many shaft wells. The article provides a generalized characteristic of the quality of underground waters of Quaternary, Neogene and Paleogene deposits, as well as production wells drilled in the Krutinsky district of the Omsk region. As a result of research, it was found that groundwater does not meet the requirements of SanPiN 2.1.4.1074-01. The use of these waters for household and drinking purposes will be environmentally safe for the population only if such indicators as turbidity, color, chlorine, iron, dry residue and microbiological indicators are adjusted.
Water quality dynamics of alluvial marches Al-Khaweze of southeastern Iraq
Authors: Shirokova V A , Al-Nussairi H K
Published: November 2020

This study determines four hydrochemical parameters being turbidity, water pH, dissolved oxygen, total dissolved solids in water in three sections of alluvial marches Al-Khaweze in southeastern Iraq. The results of laboratory tests have shown that all indicators exceed the permissible norm. This is due to an increase in precipitation in 2018 and 2019 and, accordingly, an increase in the level of water and flow of rivers feeding alluvial marches Al-Khaweze.
Extracting vegetable oils from model waters by sorbent on the base on carbonate sludge
Authors: Sverguzova S V , Sapronova Zh A , Spirin M N , Fomina E V
Published: November 2020

The peculiarities of sorption interactions between TMSP600 material obtained from carbonate sludge from sugar production and model sewage containing vegetable oils are investigated. It was found that in the absence of synthetic surfactants, TMSP effectively interacts with emulsions of vegetable oils and causes their rapid clarification. In the presence of sodium lauryl sulfate, efficiency is markedly reduced. The observed phenomenon is explained by the presence of a negative charge on the oil droplets, as a result of which they are repulsed from TMSP600 particles. The purification efficiency remains quite high at a synthetic surfactant concentration of <0.01 mg/dm3; therefore, TMSP600 can be considered acceptable for treating sewage contaminated with vegetable oils at a low synthetic surfactant content in the system.
Mercury and other heavy metals in the bottom sediments of Lake Loshamye (national park “Smolensk Lakeland”)
Authors: Zelenkovskiy P S , Podlipskiy I I , Dubrova S V , Hohryakov V R , Lebedev S V , Izosimova O S , Chubarova I M
Published: November 2020

In 2008–2010, monitoring work in the national park «Smolensk Lakeland» showed an excess of mercury in the water of Lake Loshamye located in the protected area of the natural reserve. In 2014–2019, together with the staff of the national park, we studied the ecological and geochemical features of the catchment area and the water area of Lake Loshamye. We studied the patterns of distribution of several heavy metals: Hg, Cr, Mn, Fe, Co, Cu, Zn, As, Cd, Pb, Sr. We did not find an anthropogenic influence on the catchment area; this article presents the results of the study of the bottom sediments of the lake. As a result of the work, we determined that all heavy metals have a natural distribution in this lake, except mercury. High values of mercury in bottom sediments (up to 1000 ppb) are not typical for such natural object. The median of the sample is 152 ppb, and it is four times higher than expected mercury content considering its content in the soils of the catchment area and 2–5 times higher than the values obtained for similar objects by other researchers. The analysis of the patterns of mercury distribution in bottom sediments indicates a one-time, local anthropogenic pollution of the lake.
Comprehensive assessment of water supply and sanitation in single-industry towns
Authors: Zinovyeva E G , Balynskaya N R , Koptyakova S V , Kostina N N , Shkurko N S
Published: November 2020

The article presents the results of evaluating the main direction characterizing the state of health and quality of life of the population of single-industry towns: the sphere of water supply and sanitation. To improve the health status and quality of life of the population in single-industry towns, an action plan is proposed to bring the quality of drinking water in accordance with the established requirements for the period from 2017 to 2022. Prediction of improving the quality of drinking water, including lowering the overall hardness, as a result of the installation of a drinking water treatment system as part of the study, was based on the retrospective results of the introduction of similar drinking water treatment systems in municipalities of the constituent entities of the Federation and a probabilistic forecasting system. The results of the calculations showed that the average expected value of improving the quality of drinking water will be 7.039 %.
An analysis of changes in biological diversity of rare animal species within the boundaries of the Natural Monument "Serebryany Bor”
Authors: Sorokina A A , Zubkova V M , Gaponenko A V , Belozubova N U , Soshenko M V , Arslanbekova F F
Published: November 2020

The article provides data on changes in the number of rare species of birds, mammals and reptiles living in the specially protected area "Serebryany Bor". The number dynamics is presented for 2018-2020. The main research methods were visual accounting, winter route accounting, and route accounting of birds developed by E.S. Ravkin. The research result is the recording of rare species of animals listed in the Red Book of Moscow, which indicates the biological diversity and justifies the need to use nature conservation measures to preserve rare species. The data can be used in a new edition of the Red Book of Moscow which will be published in 2020.
Environmental assessment of the impact of ammophos-based organic fertilizers on the environment
Authors: Kulikova M A , Kolesnikova T A , Gribut E A , Gladysheva O A , Surzhko O A , Kizieva A N
Published: November 2020

The results of studies of environmental safety of a new organomineral fertilizer based on highly concentrated pig farm waste are presented. The effect of the fertilizer on spring wheat yield was evaluated. The vegetation experiment was carried out on spring wheat Zlata under phytotron conditions on sod-podzolic loamy soils. The effect of the organic mineral fertilizer, granulated bird manure and mineral fertilizers (NPK) in equivalent doses on toxicity and efficiency of biomass growth is compared. Based on the experimental data, the optimal dose of the new fertilizer was determined and the uselessness of higher doses was substantiated. The agro-reclamation value of the fertilizer produced by processing the reagent of liquid pig farm waste was substantiated. The effect of the fertilizer on the soil microorganisms was evaluated. For the diagnosis of group and partial species composition of soil microorganisms, the method of sowing on agar plates was used. The results of changes in the number of ecological groups of soil microorganisms are presented. It was found that organic fertilizer is not toxic and improves soil fertility.
Optimization of soil movements when planning terrain
Authors: Kulterbaev H P , Shogenova M M , Baragunova L A , Tsipinov A S , Kumykov M Z
Published: November 2020

Earth work is considered when planning the terrain at the initial stage of construction. Instead of a manual method for calculating the volume of soil transportation, it is proposed to switch to the use of linear programming methods and computer solutions in the environment of the computing complex Matlab. The problem is stated, algorithms and a computer program are developed. The optimal plan for transporting soil masses from dredges to embankments was found for a specific task.
Studying the vital signs of Eisenia Fetida after introducing copper-containing nanoparticles into the culture medium
Authors: Lebedev S V , Vershinina I A
Published: November 2020

Today, the attention of many researchers is turned to nanoparticles (NPs) and their use in practice. At the same time, nanoforms can exhibit toxic effects in relation to living organisms. One of the promising models for assessing the effect of nanoparticles is the E. fetida worm. In this regard, the aim of our study was to study the responses of the E. fetida worm in artificial soil with the introduction of NPs of Cu and CuO. In our work, we evaluated mortality, the mass of worms, the activity of antioxidant enzymes, and the content of malondialdehyde in the worm when introducing NPs of Cu and CuO at a concentration of 0; 50; 100 and 500 mg/kg of dry soil. In the course of our study, we found the stimulating effect of the minimum of the studied dosages of CuO NPs (50 mg / kg), which in the future may be of an applied nature. It has been established that Cu NPs have the highest toxicity, causing high mortality rates (80 %), a 50 % weight reduction (p ≤ 0.05) at a dosage of 500 mg/kg against the background of increased catalase activity and malondialdehyde content with a decrease in superoxide dismutase activity.
Optimization of the phytosanitary condition of agrocenoses in the non-chernozem zone of the Russian Federation
Authors: Savoskina O A , Chebanenko S I , Kurbanova Z K , Shitikova A V , Kudryavtsev N A
Published: November 2020

In flax production there is a need to study the range of promising, more effective and less environmentally friendly pesticides. Under the conditions of changing climatic conditions, taking into account the aggravation of the phytosanitary situation, the tests of new preparations on linen flax are required. In this regard, we assessed the effect of the treatment of crops with protective-stimulating compositions of herbicides (Magnum + Herbitox L + Miura) and the agrochemical Nutrivant Drip of 18-0-36 – KRP grade.
Dandroflora species distribution by floristic areas and altitude belts
Authors: Iriskhanova Z I , Ataeva A A , Amalova Z N , Hanaeva H R , Dakieva M K
Published: November 2020

Any floristic study, which gives an idea of the total number of species, is based on the distribution of flora by genera, families, orders, classes, etc. More than 2000 plant species grow in the Chechen Republic, which belong to 88 families and 460 genera. The republic is characterized by the alternation of different plant species from north to south. This paper analyzes the distribution of dendroflora species in the floristic regions of the Chechen Republic. The composition of wild representatives of dendroflora is peculiar and original and remains little studied. The analysis is based on the processing of herbarium materials and field observations.
Using spectral indices for interpretation of plant residues under different tillage systems
Authors: Ermolaev N R , Yudin S A , Belobrov V P , Dridiger V K
Published: November 2020

Intensification of agriculture leads to development and implementation of new soil conservation technologies that reduce degradation processes, as well as the development of methods for monitoring and controlling these technologies. Spectral indexes method as one of the methods of remote sensing is one of the most modern methods for solving this problem. This research was conducted on three production fields located in the territory of the Budenovsky district of the Stavropol territory, where plowing with the layer turnover and no-till technology were used. Aim of this research is analysis of the possibility of using 8 spectral indices to identify different types of soil cultivation. The study found that the most informative differences between tillage systems are provided by NDTI, STI and NDI7, which use the SWIR 2 spectral range for calculations. In addition, the classification of objects based on these indexes by the K-means method gives the highest accuracy.
Mycological effects as a sign of a phytopathological situation in green landscape
Authors: Seraya L G , Larina G E , Kalembet I N , Polyakova N N , Petrov A B
Published: November 2020

Visual signs of the negative influence of various factors in woody plants include the loss of decorativeness and vitality, discolouration of needles, uneven growth, etc. Conifers of the boreal zone, including Siberian fir (Abies sibirica Ledeb.), have the most pronounced decrease in the ability of plants of green plantations to resist extreme environmental conditions. In perennial plantations of Siberian fir, scientists identified a complex of fungi distinguished not only by low biodiversity but also by the abundance of phytopathogens and moulds from the genera Alternaria, Diplodia, Macrophoma, Pestalotia, Sclerophoma, Cucurbitaria. The article shows that under stressed conditions (imbalance in nutrients, etc.), the fir plants in the root zone have critical disturbances or mycological effects which characterizes the deterioration of their viability and loss of resistance to disease. This data are useful for phytosanitary monitoring of green plantations and planning environmental protection measures in urban areas.
Monitoring of agro-landscapes of Stavropol region that are subject to the combined effects of water and wind erosion
Authors: Loshakov A V
Published: November 2020

The article presents the results of research and monitoring of agricultural landscapes exposed to the combined effects of water and wind erosion in the context of the administrative regions of the Stavropol territory. This problem is significant for the region and timely detection of negative processes in agricultural landscapes allows you to respond appropriately to protect the land involved in agricultural turnover. Mapping of erosion processes is a significant problem for agriculture and the use of modern tools for monitoring agricultural landscapes contributes to the solution of this problem.
Horse-chestnut leafminer Cameraria ohridella: invasion history and prognosis
Authors: Krivosheina M G , Ozerova N A
Published: November 2020

This work summarizes all known data on the distributive history of Cameraria ohridella in Europe and in Russia with special reference to current process of invasion to different regions of Russia and prognosis on its future spread through Russian territories. The invasion of the pest started in 1980s and to the present time Cameraria ohridella had occupied the most part of Europe. During last ten years from 2010 to 2020, Cameraria ohridella occupied 11 oblasts of the European Russia and was discovered in Kyrgyzstan and Kazakhstan. The main host trees of the pest are trees from the genus Aesculus. However, in the focus locations of invasion, the pest damages other trees growing near chestnuts. The data on biology of Cameraria ohridella showing that its larvae as a rule perish within the first two instars in case of development for example on Acer pseudoplatanus trees, give us confidence that the distributive range of the pest is restricted to the area of chestnut and locations of its decorative use.
General scientific and regional conceptual approaches to compilation of Red Data Books of Soils
Authors: Prokashev A M , Tyul’kin A V
Published: November 2020

The authors explain the need to compile the Red Data Book of soils similar to the existing Red Data Books of plants and animals. The paper reveals some theoretical and methodological approaches from general scientific and regional points of view relevant for the compilation of such works. The main soil objects in the pedosphere of the Kirov region that meet the zonal standards are identified, i.e. rare, unique and endangered soils. These soils are to be included in the environmental documents mentioned above. The results can be used to develop a local network of specially protected natural territories due to a new – pedogenic – category of objects of conservation of natural heritage as part of reserves, micro-reserves, soil monuments of nature. These materials are of interest to the scientific community and environmental services of the Kirov region and other constituent entities of the Russian Federation.
Green building technology resources on the technological platform of a complex facility for environmental reconstruction of the territory
Authors: Svetlakov V I , Stroykov A V , Mokhov A I , Sevostiyanov A V
Published: November 2020

Territory reorganization modeling is one of the leading areas in the analysis of integrated development. The subsystem “technological platform” is part of a complex object of ecological reorganization of the territory, its functions and role in ensuring sustainability of territorial development. Reconstruction of this layer of the complex model requires changes in the equipment used in buildings and facilities, affects the construction of engineering and transport networks and communication systems and determines the possibility of obtaining innovative products. Organizational reconstruction of enterprises as innovative changes based on green technologies requires the economic mechanism of innovative development of enterprises. Areas of restructuring the technological platform of the territory by improving the level of capitalization of the territory due to its resource development were identified.
Environmental analysis of Upper Alpine rock-and-talus flora of central and eastern parts of the Russia’s Caucasus Region
Authors: Astamirova M A-M , Taisumov M A , Omarkhadzieva F S , Israilova S A
Published: November 2020

The paper presents the results of a detailed environmental analysis of the Upper Alpine rock-and-talus flora of the central and eastern parts of the Russia’s Caucasus Region. The classification of petrophytes (obligate, facultative and contingent) with respect to the acidity of the substrate (oxylophiles, xylo-calciphiles, calciphiles) and with regard to the substrate type (rupestrophytes, lapidophytes, schistophytes, lapishistophytes, morenophytes, glareophytes) is given. The species, quantity and percentage of each environmental group are indicated. The dominance in the studied flora with respect to acidity of the substrate of oxylophytes is noted, along with the physical state – lapishistophytes. In terms of the physical properties of the substrate, the flora species represent quite complex aggregate formed by stenotopic and environmentally plastic species settling on two to three, less often on four types of the substrate.
Productivity of pastoral ecosystems on the sand lands of the south of the European part of Russia
Authors: Vlasenko M V , Tyutyuma N A
Published: November 2020

On the sandy tracts in the South of European territory of Russia there are 842 species of psammophytes, 25 % (209 species) are obligate forms. Many of them are endemics. Species composition, structure and productivity of plant communities depends on the degree of overgrowing of the Sands (open sands, medium-overgrown sands, overgrown sands). Their abundance varies depending on the exposure and the part of the slope. The existence of species occurs as a result of continuous and close interaction with each other and as a response to irritation of various environmental factors. The development of vegetation in this area is limited by the lack of precipitation, strong desiccation of the upper soil horizons due to high summer temperatures, low snow cover, low temperatures of air and soil in winter, the poverty of the sands with nutrients, their mobility, and occasionally strong salinity. The process of natural overgrowing of sand can last more than 50 years. Unorganized unsystematic use of pastures significantly increases these periods. Active use of pastures with low productivity destroys natural ecosystems and causes desertification. As a result, the area of full forage land is reduced, and environmental and socio-economic tensions are increasing. One of the methods for restoration and improvement of sandy areas is the regulated grazing of farm animals in accordance with the productivity of pastures.
The ecological situation in the Chechen Republic as perceived by its inhabitants
Authors: Sedieva M B , Abubakarova M M , Zaburaeva Kh Sh , Islamov D A
Published: November 2020

Human awareness of the danger of environmental problems is associated with serious difficulties. One of them is non-obviousness of human natural basis, psychological alienation from nature, a dismissive attitude towards environmentally-friendly activities. The purpose of this article is to study the attitude of people, in particular residents of the Chechen Republic, to the environmental situation in their region. The research objectives are as follows: to assess the state and dynamics of the ecological situation; to assess the importance of information on the environment for Russian citizens, to assess the sufficiency of measures taken and ways to improve the environmental situation; to study the attitude of citizens of the Chechen Republic to "ecological" behavior.
Spatial distribution of temperature and precipitation in the South Ural Region
Authors: Panina M V , Nazarenko N N
Published: November 2020

The study presents the features of the spatial distribution of temperatures and precipitation within the Southern Urals based on the analysis of daily observations within 2004–2018. The study suggests the reasons for zones of temperature and precipitation distribution. There is a nature of the formation of climatic zones by the regime of moistening determined. The azonal differences of the western and eastern slopes of the Southern Urals are differentiated. Local causes of latitudinal differences in temperature and meridional physiographic features are shown. Monitoring observations of the annual course of precipitation and multidimensional classification identified 5 humidification zones. The causes are described by discriminant functions. This complicates the analysis of altitudinal differentiation and enhances the role of azonal factors. A set of identified causes is formed, including during human activities.
Biological effects of iron nanoparticles entering the soil
Authors: Galaktionova L V , Terehova N A , Osipova E A , Gusev N F , Lebedev S V , Gavrish I A
Published: November 2020

The active development of nanotechnologies, accompanied by wide use of nanoparticles in various industries, necessitates to study its effect on higher plants. The studies were conducted in the summer of 2019 in a territory located near the village Vozdvizhenka of Ponomarevsky district (Orenburg region, Russia). The plot was divided into micro-plots and nanoparticles of Fe3O were introduced onto the surfaces at doses of 1000 mg/kg, 750 mg/kg, 500 mg/kg, 250 mg/kg and 100 mg/kg. During the experiment, test plants were sown, and then we determined a set of their vital and morphometric indicators. The results allow us to conclude that of the entire set of parameters, the most sensitive test object when setting the germination test is Raphanus sativus. According to certain morphometric indicators, the most informative is the use of Lepidium sativum in the experiment. In general, the nanooxide in small doses used in the study increased the productivity of plants, which indicates the need for further studies to assess the prospects of its use in crop production.
Changes in soil carbon content and reserves under long-term field experiments in the steppe zone of the Southern Urals
Authors: Galaktionova L V , Vasilieva T N , Mitrofanov D V , Skorokhodov V Y , Lebedev S V
Published: November 2020

The identification of factors determining the stability of soil organic carbon is an important step in managing the volumes of greenhouse gases and crops entering the atmosphere. The greatest influence on the soil organic carbon (SOC) pool in the soils of agroecosystems is exerted by oxidation processes under intensive agrotechnical action, decomposition, mineralization and humification by soil microorganisms, and also transformation under the influence of enzymatic activity of soils. The studies were conducted on the sites of a long-term field hospital and virgin soil located in the zone of distribution of steppe chernozems of the Southern Urals. During field and laboratory studies, the intensity of soil emission of CO2 (adsorption method), the activity of peroxidase and polyphenol oxidase (colorimetric method), and the soil organic matter content (dichromateoxidationtechnique) were determined. The indicators of the content and reserves of soil organic matter in different experimental variants showed a high dependence on the intensity of mineralization processes as a result of active mechanical treatment, aeration and increased activity of microorganisms, as well as the activity of soil enzymes involved in the carbon cycle (C).
Filtering precipitation through soil
Authors: Kulterbaev H P , Shogenova M M , Baragunova L A , Kalov H M
Published: November 2020

The article studies the process of filtering precipitation through soil. Two mathematical models are obtained and used, specifically, deterministic and stochastic ones. The basis of these tasks is a diffusion parabolic partial differential equation supplemented by initial-boundary conditions. The findings are used in solving the stochastic problem. The mathematical analytical formulation of the problem using the finite difference method is reduced to an inhomogeneous linear algebraic system of equations, which is implemented in the environment of the Matlab computing complex. Consideration of the task operator linearity and the principle of superposition reduced the amount of computation significantly. A number of conclusions were drawn on the basis of solutions.
Issue of environmental factors in the implementation of public policy in the northern cities of Russia
Authors: Tsyplakova E G , Afanasiev K S , Sinko G I , Purina N M , Yankevich Yu G
Published: November 2020

The article considers the problem of the development of public policy priorities in the northern territories through the example of the solution of transport problem. According to the studies, it is concluded that, when planning the development of the transport infrastructure, it is necessary to take into account specific environmental factors and restrictions that are typical of northern cities, which are caused by environmental conditions with low selfrestoration potential. This specificity makes it impossible to mechanically transfer the advanced foreign experience of countries with a warmer climate to solve this problem. The study conducted sociological surveys among vehicle owners in order to find out whether motorists are aware of the degree of environmental danger and whether they are ready to participate in the solution of environmental problems of the coexistence of vehicles and urban areas. The results of the surveys showed that the vast majority of motorists are aware of the environmental danger to the urban environment from increasing motorization. They express their readiness to obtain and put into practice the necessary knowledge to improve the environmental situation.
Anthropogenic transformation of landscapes in ancient times (on the example of the town of Artesian in Crimean Pryazovia)
Authors: Golyeva A A , Vinokurov N I
Published: November 2020

On the basis of a comparative analysis of known historical and archaeological data the paper shows the formation of the anthropogenic landscape for the period of 800 years of the ancient town of Artesian (Crimean Pryazovia). It was found that the process of transformation of all components of biocenoses has not always been progressive. In certain periods (war, earthquake) there was a decrease in the anthropogenic load and the natural landscapes were restored on the periphery of the territory controlled by the town. However, these periods did not change the overall outcome – radical and irreversible change of all components of the landscape by man. The obtained data are well aligned with known literary findings about the significant human influence on landscapes in past eras and confirm their existence in the northeastern part of Crimea.
Economic and statistical analysis of environmental indicators in the Russian Federation
Authors: Lapteva E V , Ogorodnikova E P , Portnova L V , Lekareva Yu S , Alexandrova L A
Published: November 2020

The problem of environmental pollution is acute and relevant at the present time. The article presents an economic and statistical analysis of indicators of air pollution, water and land resources. The analysis was carried out for 2009-2018. The process of predicting the level of atmospheric pollution according to the trend equation (the forecast was obtained until 2022) was carried out according to the time series, the level of water pollution was predicted using the multiple regression equation (a realistic, optimistic and pessimistic forecasts were obtained) and the level of reforestation was predicted based on average dynamics (until 2022).
The green energy industry: current challenges and trends in the development of professional qualifications in agricultural specialists
Authors: Shirokorad I I , Fadeeva O M , Pafnutova E G
Published: November 2020

Human activities require energy. However, widely used non-renewable sources are becoming exhausted. Currently, Russia does not have an acute shortage of energy resources; therefore, the issue of renewable energy is rarely discussed. However, in Russia one of the urgent problems is urban and agricultural waste management. Agriculture, like other industries, produces products and waste (crop and livestock wastes). Straw, stalks of corn and sunflower, dung – dried manure were used to produce thermal energy. Today, there are technologies used to extract energy from agricultural illiquid assets. Producing energy from agricultural waste allows us to solve two problems – to get rid of some of waste and help the mining industry. The green energy industry is becoming a major employer. To provide it with personnel, qualitative changes in the training system are required
Using a heat pump at the complex of energy generation and compressed air production for mining companies
Authors: Osintsev K V , Perekopnaya Y A , Bolkov Y S
Published: November 2020

A further efficiency upgrading of thermal power plants and boiler units at mining companies is linked to increasing the initial parameters of steam. Modern power units can work with an efficiency of 55-58%. However, it is possible to make a review of additional possibilities of heat utilization at a thermal power station. It is quite possible to increase the efficiency by 2-3% more due to the heat regeneration both in this cycle and in the water treatment units. A technology has been developed that combines the ORC and the cycle of compressed air production in a single power engineering system using an improved thermal-transformer, specifically, a refrigeration-heating machine what works in thermal networks of a thermal power station. In addition, from a practical point of view, it is shown that the efficiency of thermal power plant can be improved in comparison with standard schemes. Use of heat pumps beyond heating systems of private houses is becoming increasingly common in centralized heating systems and with feed water of thermal power plants. It significantly reduces the cost of heat and electricity production. Besides, solar collectors can integrate very well into the technological scheme of heating network water at the thermal power plant.