bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Characteristics of whey proteinhydrolysates from cheese whey, favors onvarious food applications
Authors: Jeewanthi Chaturika , Paik Hyun-Dong , Kim Myeong-Hee , Lee Na-Kyoung , Kim Soo-Yeon , Yoon Chang
Published: October 2013

This study was conducted to investigate theproduction of whey protein
hydrolysates,examiningthe physiochemical properties withfive enzyme types
named Alcalase, Protease S,Protease M, Trypsin, and Pepsin. Whey protein
concentratewas adjusted by ultrafiltration,increasing the whey content to
135% that of initial levels. The hydrolysates have been shown to improve the
characteristics of a number of food products, and the type of enzyme has a
considerable influence on the end result of hydrolysatesproduction. Bulk
density, Solubility, NPN, foaming capacity, and the degree of hydrolysis
were increased with hydrolysis time. Maximum Bulk density was shownby
Protease S. Pepsinand Alcalase, whichgraduallyincreasedthe foaming capacity,
resulting in acomparatively lower pH and a lower degree of hydrolysis. The
highestdegree of hydrolysiswas shown by Protease M. The highest NPN value
was provided by Pepsin, which was much greater than that of other enzymes.
There wasno significant difference in NPN according to the enzyme
typeapplied. Allhydrolysates in alkaline media were shown more than 50%
solubility. HMFcontents were also shown anobviousdifference with the enzyme
type.
Automatic generation of planar RC Strut-and-Tie models
Authors: Starcev-Curcin Anka , Raseta Andrija , Brujic Zoran
Published: October 2013

This paper presents a proposal for determining Strut-and-Tie models of
reinforced concrete plane elements. For the purposes of analysis, a computer
program was developed and a discrete topological optimization was applied,
using a truss member for the design of the stress-strain state of the real
member. The method can be used for the analysis of a part or a whole member
and it is particularly suitable for the usage in the places of sudden changes
of static and/or geometric characteristics of members. The general principle
of the method is that compressed members replace concrete parts of the
element (surface or volume) and tension members replace the reinforcement.
Thermal bridges in buildings as a result of urban transformation
Authors: Rajcic Aleksandar
Published: October 2013

The paper analyzes the deterioration of energy performance in buildings and
construction defects caused by thermal bridges resulting from changes taking
place in urban planning, for example in Vojvode Stepe street in Belgrade. The
transformation of the urban matrix done over the last 50 years coupled with a
time lag in implementation, resulting in partial sequences to completed
buildings, has left a number of free side walls (gable ends), which are
exposed to temperature influences. In some cases, these walls are adequately
heat-treated, but in many others (especially in existing buildings) they are
not, causing increased heat loss mould growth, leading to construction
damage, and health risks to users. This paper presents a methodology for
testing the risk of condensation in a specific example, using the
computational support of T Studio software, intended for 2D calculations of
thermal bridges, with an emphasis on contact temperature in the interior,
relative humidity, and a term that is new to us: Temperature factor.
Comparative evaluation of various endodontic irrigants on apical extrusion of debris
Authors: Makkar Sameer , Kaur Simranjeet
Published: October 2013

Introduction. All techniques and instruments used to clean and shape canals
produce some amount of apically extruded debris. The type of irrigant can
affect the amount of apically extruded debris. The aim of the present study
was to quantitatively compare the amount of debris extruded apically from
root canals when three different irrigants were used during canal preparation
with hand instruments. Material and Methods. Twenty extracted single-rooted
human mandibular premolars with straight root canals were used. The teeth
were randomly divided into 4 groups based on the irrigant used: Group 1:
Biopure MTAD (Dentsply), Group 2: 3% NaOCl (Prima Dentalproducts), Group 3:
2% Chlorhexidine (Vishal Industries, Gujarat), Group 4: Control (no
irrigation). Debris extruded through apical foramen during root canal
preparation was collected into pre weighed empty guttapercha tubes. The
weight of dry extruded debris was calculated by subtracting the
preinstrumentation and postinstrumentation weight for each group. Obtained
data was analyzed using one-way analysis of variance and Tukey test. Results.
Group 2 (3% sodium hypochlorite) had the greatest amount of extruded debris
which was significantly different from other groups (p<0.05). Conclusion. The
type of used irrigant can affect the amount of apically extruded debris.
Sodium hypochlorite in the concentration of 3% showed the greatest amount of
extruded debris.
Analysis of intracellular enzymes in saliva of patients with aggressive periodontitis
Authors: Popovic Zana , Brkic Zlata , Andjelski-Radicevic Biljana , Milicic Biljana , Dozic Ivan
Published: October 2013

Introduction. Aggressive periodontitis is characterized by rapid destruction
of periodontal tissue. It is more commonly found in young adults. Analysis of
biochemical markers in saliva is very important to monitor the level of
periodontal tissue destruction. The aim of this study was to analyze the
intracellular enzymes aspartate aminotransferase (AST), alanine
aminotransferase (ALT) and alkaline phosphatase (ALP) in the saliva of
patients with aggressive periodontitis. Material and Methods. The study
included 22 patients with aggressive periodontitis and 28 healthy subjects
(control group). Enzyme activity was measured in mixed non-stimulated saliva
using kinetic methods in a spectrophotometer and expressed in international
units per litre (U/L). Results. The activity of enzymes ALT and ALP was
significantly higher in saliva of patients with aggressive periodontitis
compared to healthy subjects, while AST activity was not significantly
different. Also, there was no correlation between the activity of
intracellular enzymes in saliva and clinical parameters such as gingival
index, bleeding index, probing depth in patients with aggressive
periodontitis. Conclusion. Obtained results indicate that salivary enzymes
AST, ALT and ALP can be used as biochemical markers to aid in diagnosis of
aggressive periodontitis.
Stem Cells for Periodontal Regeneration
Authors: Pejcic A. , Kojovic D. , Mirkovic D. , Minic I.
Published: October 2013

Periodontal regeneration is considered to be biologically possible but clinically unpredictable. In periodontitis, inflammation manifests clinically as loss of supporting periodontal tissues and regeneration of damaged tissue is the main goal of treatment. For decades, periodontists have sought to repair the damage through a variety of surgical procedures, and use of grafting materials and growth factors, and of barrier membranes. Reports have emerged that demonstrate which populations of adult stem cells reside in the periodontal ligaments of humans and other animals. This opens the way for new cell-based therapies for perio-dontal regeneration. This review provides an overview of adult human stem cells and their potential use in perio-dontal regeneration.
Human Ring Chromosomes – New Insights for their Clinical Significance
Authors: Guilherme R.S. , Klein E , Hamid A.B. , Bhatt S , Volleth M , Polityko A , Kulpanovich A , Dufke A , Albrecht B , Morlot S , Brecevic L , Petersen M.B. , Manolakos E , Kosyakova N , Liehr T
Published: October 2013

Twenty-nine as yet unreported ring chromosomes were characterized in detail by cytogenetic and molecular techniques. For FISH (fluorescence in situ hybridization) previously published high resolution approaches such as multicolor banding (MCB), subcentromere-specific multi-color-FISH (cenM-FISH) and two to three-color-FISH applying locus-specific probes were used. Overall, ring chromosome derived from chromosomes 4 (one case), 10 (one case), 13 (five cases), 14, (three cases), 18 (two cases), 21 (eight cases), 22 (three cases), X (five cases) and Y (one case) were studied. Eight cases were detected prenatally, eight due developmental delay and dysmorphic signs, and nine in connection with infertility and/or Turner syndrome. In general, this report together with data from the literature, supports the idea that ring chromosome patients fall into two groups: group one with (severe) clinical signs and symptoms due to the ring chromosome and group two with no obvious clinical problems apart from infertility.
Associations Between Variations in TPH1, TPH2 and SLC6A4 Genes and Postpartum Depression: A Study in the Jordanian Population
Authors: Khabour O.F. , Amarneh B.H. , Bani Hani E.A. , Lataifeh I.M.
Published: October 2013

In this study, we investigated the association between tryptophan hydroxylase-1 (TPH1) (218A>C), tryptophan hydroxylase-2 (TPH2) (1463G>A) and serotonin carrier family 6, member 4 (SLC6A4) [long (L) vs. short (S)] gene polymorphisms with postpartum depression (PPD) in women from Jordan. A total of 370 postpartum (130 depressed and 240 non depressed) women volunteered for the study. Genotyping was carried out using restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP) for TPH1, amplification refractory mutation system (ARMS) for TPH2 and polymerase chain reaction (PCR) for SLC6A4 S and L. The Edinburgh postnatal depression scale was used to screen postpartum women. Both S and L alleles of SLC6A4 are common in Jordanian women (about 51.0 and 49.0%, respectively), while allele TPH1-218C is more common (64.0%) than allele A (37.0%). Regarding TPH2, allele A is absent from the examined women. None of the examined polymorphisms were found to be associated with PPD (p >0.05). However, depression history, pregnancy problems and economic status were found to be significantly associated with PPD (p <0.05). The results suggest that TPH1, TPH2 and SLC6A4 S and L polymorphisms do not seem to be important in Jordan for predisposing to PPD.
Lack of Association Between Variants within the AHSG, HCRT and NPY2R Genes and Anthropometrical Parameters in Czech Post-Monica Study
Authors: Jurcikova L , Adamkova V , Lanska V , Suchanek P , Hubacek J.A.
Published: October 2013

The aim of this study was to examine single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) of candidate genes α2-Heremans-Schmid glycoprotein (AHSG, rs4917), Hypocretin (HCRT, rs760282) and Neuropetide Y2 receptor (NPY2R, rs 1047214), which are known to have a potential effect on body mass index (BMI) and other indicators of obesity. A population study was performed in 2007/2008 on 2559 adults (1191 males and 1368 females) from the Czech post-MONICA project. The SNPs were examined using the polymerase chain reaction-restriction fragment length polymorphism (PCR-RFLP) method. We did not find any significant association between the examined SNPs and BMI across the whole population. A significantly lower triglyceride level was found in the AHSG gene CC homozygotes compared to T allele carriers in the entire population (p = 0.009). In conclusion, we are not able to confirm the hypothesis that polymorphisms within the AHSG, HCRT and NPY2R genes are major genetic determinants of BMI and plasma lipids in the Czech-Slavonic population.
Preliminary Findings of α-Actinin-3 Gene Distribution in Elite Turkish Wind Surfers
Authors: Ulucan K , Göle S , Altindas N , Güney A.I.
Published: October 2013

Periodontal regeneration is considered to be biologically possible but clinically unpredictable. In periodontitis, inflammation manifests clinically as loss of supporting periodontal tissues and regeneration of damaged tissue is the main goal of treatment. For decades, periodontists have sought to repair the damage through a variety of surgical procedures, and use of grafting materials and growth factors, and of barrier membranes. Reports have emerged that demonstrate which populations of adult stem cells reside in the periodontal ligaments of humans and other animals. This opens the way for new cell-based therapies for perio-dontal regeneration. This review provides an overview of adult human stem cells and their potential use in perio-dontal regeneration.
Specific cell-mediated immune response in rabbits immunised and infected with Trichophyton mentagrophytes
Authors: Wojcicka-Lorenowicz Katarzyna , Kostro Krzysztof , Taszkun Iwona
Published: October 2013

Deep crusty dermatophytosis was demonstrated in 10-week-old rabbits naturally and experimentally infected with T. mentagrophytes. Moreover, specific cell-mediated immune response in T. mentagrophytes-infected rabbits occurrd in two phases. During the presence of clinical symptoms of trichophytosis, slightly positive results of leukocyte migration inhibition factor (LMIF) assay were noted, whereas the highest values were observed during spontaneous regression of fungal lesions and complete recovery. The slightly positive LMIF values in rabbits with fungal lesions reflect the mechanism of cell-mediated immune response during T. mentagrophytes infection. On the other hand, the highest positive LMIF values during spontaneous recovery indicate that regression of fungal lesions is attributed to acquired specific cellular immunity. The findings also confirm that the used vaccine against trichophytosis quite strongly stimulates the cell-mediated immune mechanisms, which is confirmed by positive LMIF values in immunised rabbits.
Pituitary adenylate cyclase activating peptide-27 – like immunoreactive nerve fibers in the mucosal layer of canine gastrointestinal tract in physiology and during inflammatory bowel disease
Authors: Gonkowski Sławomir , Rychlik Andrzej , Całka Jarosław
Published: October 2013

Changes in the density of mucosal pituitary adenylate cyclase activating peptide-27 -like immunoreactive (PACAP-27 - LI) nerve fibers within various parts of the canine gastrointestinal (GI) tract during inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) were investigated. The distribution of nerves were studied, using a single-labelling immunofluorescence technique, in the mucosal layer of canine stomach, duodenum, jejunum, and descending colon. Canine IBD caused an increase in the density of PACAP- 27-LI mucosal nerves in all studied parts of GI tract. The results suggest that PACAP in the nervous system may be involved in pathological processes during IBD.
Analysis of proapoptotic changes in boar spermatozoa stored at 16 °C in different short-term semen extenders
Authors: Wysocki Paweł , Łyjak Aleksandra , Kordan Władysław
Published: October 2013

The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of boar semen storage in different short-term extenders (BTS, Kortowo-3, and M III) on the percentage of spermatozoa showing proapoptotic and necrotic changes. For the first time in this study, Annexin V isolated from swine placenta has been used to determine proapoptotic changes in stored boar spermatozoa. The changes were determined using the IN Cell Analyzer 2000. A gradual decrease in motility was observed on successive days of storage. Spermatozoa incubated in the BTS extender were characterised by the highest average motility, which reached 75% on the 1st d and 39% on day 5. Motility of spermatozoa stored in BTS was significantly higher than those stored in Kortowo-3 and M III extenders after 5 d of storage. Diluted semen contained 1.5% to 2.8% spermatozoa with proapoptotic changes. The discussed process was intensified on the 3rd d of storage when the percentage of apoptotic spermatozoa was determined at 8.3% to 14.6%, and the content of dead spermatozoa exceeded 25%. The analysed extenders differed insignificantly in their ability to protect semen against proapoptotic changes during storage. From the methodological point of view, Hoechst 33258 could be used additionally to stain sperm cells regardless of their status.
History of internal radiation exposure in a wild masked palm civet (Paguma larvata) at Fukushima assessed by autoradiography of vibrissae
Authors: Yamaguchi Toshiro , Chen Chun-Jen , Sasaki Motoki , Furuhama Kazuhisa , Yamada Kazutaka
Published: October 2013

Autoradiography was used to visualise an internal radiation in the vibrissae of a wild masked palm civet (Paguma larvata) carcass found in a highly radioactive contamination area within 50 km from the Fukushima Dai-ichi Nuclear Power Plant accident site. Autoradiogram of the vibrissae revealed a higher density in the root than in the shaft showing a stripe pattern; the γ-ray spectrum of the vibrissae showed peaks of 134Cs and 137Cs. The radiocaesium taken into the body was responsible for its distribution into the vibrissae shaft during its growth. The stripe pattern indicated that internal radiation exposure was intermittent. This finding suggests that autoradiography of vibrissae is a suitable method for assessment of the history of internal radiation exposure in wild mammals, such as masked palm civet.
Does more (or less) lead to violence? Application of the relative deprivation hypothesis on economic inequality-induced conflicts
Authors: Džuverovic Nemanja
Published: October 2013

This article employs the relative deprivation theory in order to explain the formation of violent conflicts induced by an increase in economic inequality. By using the frustration-aggression hypothesis, the author attempts to illustrate how the rise in inequality, caused by changed economic structure, can be transformed into violence, often accompanied by material and human casualties. In addition to the theoretical framework, the article relies on empirical studies carried out by using relative deprivation as a starting point. Finally, the author observes indications that inequality-induced conflicts could soon take place in developed and developing countries, which is why new models of development and economic policies must be implemented and thus used as conflict-preventing mechanisms.
The Lawful Execution of Employer Rights is an Important Subsystem of Corporate Governance (A Labour Case Study)
Authors: Nagy Zoltán Imre , Való Viktor
Published: October 2013

In the world of work, the political transition created a difficult situation in Hungary which has become even less favourable in the 2010s. Employees are exposed to numerous infringements. The case study presented at previous MEB conferences and continued herein illustrates the vulnerability of employees. The case study provides an excellent opportunity for the presentation of the special Hungarian labour law (the conclusion of an employment relationship, payment of wages, performance of work, trial period, termination, corporate dismissal, etc.) and for summarising the lessons learned. In addition to the court judgement involving heavy expenditure, it can also be concluded that successful corporate work can only be achieved by respected and skilled employees, and the loyalty of employees is the key source of results. This, in turn, can only be achieved if the representatives of the owners and the management of the company pay great attention, as a subsystem, to the lawful employment and motivation of employees.
Determination of Surfactants in Environmental Samples. Part III. Non-Ionic Compounds
Authors: Olkowska Ewa , Ruman Marek , Kowalska Anna , Polkowska Żaneta
Published: October 2013

Non-ionic surface active agents are a diverse group of chemicals which have an uncharged polar head and a non-polar tail. They have different properties due to amphiphilic structure of their molecules. Commercial available non-ionic surfactants consist of the broadest spectrum of compounds in comparison with other types of such agents. Typically, non-ionic compounds found applications in households and industry during formulation of cleaning products, cosmetics, paints, preservative coatings, resins, textiles, pulp and paper, petroleum products or pesticides. Their are one of the most common use class of surfactants which can be potential pollution sources of the different compartment of environment (because of they widely application or discharging treated wastewaters to surface water and sludge in agricultural). It is important to investigate the behavior, environmental fate of non-ionic surfactants and their impact on living organisms (they are toxic and/or can disrupt endocrine functions). To solve such problems should be applied appropriated analytical tools. Sample preparation step is one of the most critical part of analytical procedures in determination of different compounds in environmental matrices. Traditional extraction techniques (LLE - for liquid samples; SLE - for solid samples) are time and solvent-consuming. Developments in this field result in improving isolation efficiency and decreasing solvent consumption (eg SPE and SPME - liquid samples or PLE, SFE and MAE - solid samples). At final determination step can be applied spectrophotometric technique, potentiometric titrametration or tensammetry (determination total concentration of non-ionic surfactants) or chromatographic techniques coupled with appropriated detection techniques (individual analytes). The literature data concerning the concentrations of non-ionic surfactants in the different compartments of the environment can give general view that various ecosystems are polluted by those compounds.
Wet Oxidation of Dairy Sewage: The Kinetic Study of Decomposition of the Milk Components
Authors: Piotrowska Klara , Imbierowicz Mirosław , Chacuk Andrzej
Published: October 2013

The article presents the results of kinetic studies of the wet oxidation process of dairy sewage. The dairy sewage, obtained straight from the production line, was subjected to oxidation at pH close to the natural value of 7. Experiments were carried out in a stirred batch tank reactor at the oxygen partial pressure equal to 1 MPa and at temperature ranging from 473 to 593 K. The effectiveness of organic compounds decomposition was estimated based on the measurement of TOC. The kinetics of decomposition of milk components, ie lactose, protein and fat, as well as the kinetics of oxidation of intermediate products was the aim of the study. Measurement of the concentration of protein, fat and lactose was done with a milk composition analyzer, calibrated in relation to the dairy sewage. The obtained results were used to develop a mathematical model of wet oxidation of dairy sewage, including the group of analyzed compounds.
Statistical Analysis of Noise-Multiplied Data Using Multiple Imputation
Authors: Klein Martin , Sinha Bimal
Published: October 2013

A statistical analysis of data that have been multiplied by randomly drawn noise variables in order to protect the confidentiality of individual values has recently drawn some attention. If the distribution generating the noise variables has low to moderate variance, then noisemultiplied data have been shown to yield accurate inferences in several typical parametric models under a formal likelihood-based analysis. However, the likelihood-based analysis is generally complicated due to the nonstandard and often complex nature of the distribution of the noise-perturbed sample even when the parent distribution is simple. This complexity places a burden on data users who must either develop the required statistical methods or implement the methods if already available or have access to specialized software perhaps yet to be developed. In this article we propose an alternate analysis of noise-multiplied data based on multiple imputation. Some advantages of this approach are that (1) the data user can analyze the released data as if it were never perturbed, and (2) the distribution of the noise variables does not need to be disclosed to the data user.
Post−surge geometry and thermal structure of Hørbyebreen, central Spitsbergen
Authors: Małecki Jakub , Faucherre Samuel , Strzelecki Mateusz C.
Published: October 2013

Hørbyebreen surged in the 19th or early 20th century, as suggested by geomorphological evidences and looped medial moraines. In this study, we investigate its wide−spread geometry changes and geodetic mass balance with 1960 contour lines, 1990 and 2009 digital elevation models, in order to define the present−day state of the glacier. We also study its thermal structure from ground−penetrating radar data. Little is known about the glacier behaviour in the first part of the 20th century, but from its surge maximum until 1960 it has been retreating and losing its area. In the period 1960-1990, fast frontal thinning (2-3ma−1) and a slow mass build−up in the higher zones (~0.15 m a−1) have been noted, resulting in generally negative mass balance (−0.40 ± 0.07 m w. eq. a−1). In the last studied period 1990-2009, the glacier showed an acceleration of mass loss (−0.64 m ± 0.07 w. eq. a−1) and no build−up was observed anymore. We conclude that Hørbyebreen system under present climate will not surge anymore and relate this behaviour to a considerable increase in summer temperature on Svalbard after 1990. Radar soundings indicate that the studied glacial system is polythermal, with temperate ice below 100-130 m depth. It has therefore not (or not yet) switched to cold−bedded, as has been suggested in previous works for some small Svalbard surge−type glaciers in a negative mass balance mode.
MicroRNAs and long non-coding RNAs: prospects in diagnostics and therapy of cancer
Authors: Hauptman Nina , Glavac Damjan
Published: October 2013

Background. Non-coding RNAs (ncRNAs) are key regulatory molecules in cellular processes, and are potential biomarkers in many diseases. Currently, microRNAs and long non-coding RNAs are being pursued as diagnostic and prognostic biomarkers, and as therapeutic tools in cancer, since their expression profiling is able to distinguish different cancer types and classify their sub-types.

Conclusions. There are numerous studies confirming involvement of ncRNAs in cancer initiation, development and progression, but have only been recently identified as new diagnostic and prognostic tools. This can be beneficial in future medical cancer treatment options, since ncRNAs are natural antisense interactors included in regulation of many genes connected to survival and proliferation. Research is directed in development of useful markers for diagnosis and prognosis in cancer and in developing new RNA-based cancer therapies, of which some are already in clinical trials.
Use of the Agency Theory to Analyze the Commissioning System of Commune Real Estate Management
Authors: Marona Bartłomiej
Published: October 2013

Municipal real property, including commune real estate usually managed through a model of a direct or indirect commissioning system, is becoming increasingly popular, especially in the context of the public management paradigm. The aim of the article is to present the essence of the commissioning system of commune real estate management and indicate the supervisory consequences which rest on the commune as a result of choosing this system. In order to fulfill the assumed research objectives, the article analyzes the commissioning system of commune real estate management in Poland with the use of the agency theory, a dominant theoretical concept of corporate governance.
Catastrophe Theory in Explaining Price Dynamics on the Real Estate Market
Authors: Belej Mirosław
Published: October 2013

The real estate market is an open system, which implies that it is able to exchange signals with other open systems and dynamic systems. The evolution of a market system over time can be described mathematically. If the system's sensitivity threshold to external stimuli is exceeded, it becomes destabilized and moves from a near-balanced state to a state that is far from equilibrium. Those dynamic processes often induce key changes in the system's trajectory of evolution. In search of equilibrium, the system becomes transformed in a process of discontinuous and discrete changes in state variables. The above statement constitutes the research hypothesis in this article.

In this study, an attempt was made to develop a mathematical model for visualizing the evolutionary path of the real estate market in the form of continuous changes interrupted by discontinuous changes. The qualitative transformation of the system will be evaluated with the use of the catastrophe theory.
The Atracttiveness of Real Estate Investment in Polish Conditions
Authors: Wolski Rafał , Załęczna Magdalena
Published: October 2013

Traditionally, it is believed that real estate can be an important component of an investment portfolio as it reduces risk due to the diversification potential coming from its low/negative correlation with stocks and bonds. However, contemporary development in the form of the invention and introduction of more sophisticated financial instruments is blurring the boundaries between the existing asset classes. The appearance of these new forms of investments is the result of competition for global capital inflows. Investors concentrate on those forms of investments that are attractive in terms of the variety of offered instruments and the results achieved by them. The aim of the article is to evaluate the variety of instruments enabling investments on the Polish property market and their competitiveness in relation to classical forms of investment.
Measures of Downside Risk Under Conditions of Downturn in the Real Estate Market
Authors: Wolski Rafał
Published: October 2013

Some authors suggest that the use of standard deviation as a measure of total risk for returns on real estate leads to risk overestimation, as the classical Markowitz model does not account for the skewness of financial data, thus making the results unreliable. According to the available literature, risk calculated on the basis of standard semideviation may actually better reflect the nature of property investment. However, in this context, the question of whether or not this measure will lead to risk underestimation at a time of a downturn in the real estate market, resulting in inadequate investment decisions aggravating investor losses arises. Therefore, the present paper presents portfolios constructed using either classical risk measures or measures based on “downside deviations” of rates of return. The results of investment in these portfolios are analyzed.
Functional characterizations of p-spaces
Authors: Holá Ľubica
Published: October 2013

We show that a completely regular space Y is a p-space (a Čech-complete space, a locally compact space) if and only if given a dense subspace A of any topological space X and a continuous f: A → Y there are a p-embedded subset (resp. a G δ-subset, an open subset) M of X containing A and a quasicontinuous subcontinuous extension f*: M → Y of f continuous at every point of A. A result concerning a continuous extension to a residual set is also given.
Imaging Features of Intracranial Meningiomas with Histopathological Correlation: A Relook into Old Disease
Authors: Gangadhar K , Santhosh D , Fatterpekar GM
Published: October 2013

Background and Purpose: Imaging characteristics of meningiomas have been discussed previously in many studies; however complete imaging features involving general features, MRS and DWI of both typical and atypical meningiomas have been discussed in very few studies. CT and MR imaging findings in 46 cases of intracranial meningioma are reviewed to define specific imaging features. Methods: The present study was carried on 46 patients in the Department of Radiodiagnosis and Imaging, Institute of Medical Sciences, Banaras Hindu University during June 2009 to July 2011.The investigation was carried out by GE-VCT 64 Slice Scanner machine and Magnetic resonance imaging was contemplated using 1.5 Tesla SIEMENS-MAGNETOM AVANTO. CT and MR imaging studies were reviewed to characterize mass location, imaging characteristics, atypical features and advanced imaging features. Clinical presenting signs and symptoms were correlated with imaging findings. Results: a). Forty six cases of intra cranial meningiomas were studied prospectively in 24 women and 22men, aged 11 – 80 years. Meningiomas were stratified into typical and atypical and also depending upon intra cranial location. b). 73.91% of the cases in showed supratentorial location, rest were infratentorial (26.08%).CT/MRI revealed well defined margins in 84.78% with homogenous consistency in 73.91% of lesions. Foci of necrosis were noted in 32.60% of cases and 15.22% of cases showed calcification foci in meningioma. Sinus invasion noticed in 15.22% of cases, whereas adjacent bony reaction noticed in 30.43% of cases. c). Majority of Meningioma showed broad dural base (89.10%), adjacent white matter buckling (71.74%) and surrounding CSF cleft (52.17%). Displaced subarachnoid vessels were demonstrated in 30.43%, where as the pathognomonic dural tail was present in only 23.91% of the cases. d). All the cases of Meningioma demonstrated restriction on diffusion weighted sequences suggestive of high cellularity of the lesions. On CT angiography, neovascularity was noticed in 85.71% and tumor blush was noticed in 71.42% incidence. On MR Spectroscopy, all demonstrated choline peak and in one third cases alanine peak was discernible. Conclusion: In view of the observed evidence, it was concluded that understanding the classification, pathology and imaging appearance meningioma are essential for treatment planning. CT and MR imaging play indispensable role in the localization & characterization of these tumors, and MR have virtually yielded its position of dominance in characterizing these tumors. Nepalese Journal of Radiology / Vol.3 / No.1 / Issue 4 / Jan-June, 2013 / 14-32 DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/njr.v3i1.8713
Adenomatoid Tumour of the Epididymis: A Case Report
Authors: Vishwanath TT , Singh Simran , Shetty SMCC , Ajay MK
Published: October 2013

Adenomatoid tumours are rare benign neoplasms involving the paratesticular regions, most commonly the tail of epididymis, however they involve various other structures like genitourinary system. Here, we report a case of adenomatoid tumor of the epididymis its ultrasound imaging features and review of literature. Nepalese Journal of Radiology / Vol.3 / No.1 / Issue 4 / Jan-June, 2013 / 80-83 DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/njr.v3i1.8817
Radiological Findings of Gorlin Syndrome-A Case Report
Authors: Maohakud S , Sharma G , Lal Hira , Mohanty J
Published: October 2013

Basal cell nevus (Gorlin-Goltz) syndrome is a rare autosomal dominant disorder with multiple developmental anomalies and predisposition to various neoplasms. We present a 60 year old male with pigmented, ulcerated skin lesions in face, neck and trunk, histologically proved to be basal cell carcinomas. Mild exopthalmos, hypertelorism, chest wall deformity & scoliosis were noted. Radiological imaging showed calcification of falx cerebri & tentorium cerebelli, bridging of sella turcica, right third, fourth and fifth bifid ribs, scoliosis of lumbar spine, odontogenic keratocyst of mandible and flame shaped lucencies in hands. Nepalese Journal of Radiology / Vol.3 / No.1 / Issue 4 / Jan-June, 2013 / 94-98 DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/njr.v3i1.8821
Tubercular Breast Lesion A Great Mimicker of Carcinoma Breast
Authors: Kumar BNK , Pandya Bhargav , Das D , Sheeramulu PN
Published: October 2013

Breast tuberculosis is uncommon entity with confusing clinical, radiological and even microbiological presentation which is often misdiagnosed as breast carcinoma or breast abscess.1 A 28 year old female patient presented with a swelling in outer quadrant of left breast which resembled carcinoma of breast but on ultrasound a hypoechoic lesion was noted which turned out to be tuberculosis on histopathology.Conclusion: Breast tuberculosis (TB) is a rare disease typically affecting young lactating multiparous women and can present either as an abscess or as a unilateral, painless breast mass which can easily be confused with carcinoma.2, 3 Nepalese Journal of Radiology / Vol.3 / No.1 / Issue 4 / Jan-June, 2013 / 99-102 DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/njr.v3i1.8822
A Rare Case of Congenital Coronary Artery Fistula Evaluated by Cardiac MRI
Authors: Diswal Amit
Published: October 2013

In a patient with coronary artery fistula extending from anterior aortic sinus to postero-superior wall of right atrium, Magnetic Resonance Imaging was able to accurately demonstrate dilatation of the involved coronary artery, the tortuous nature of the dilated fistula, blood flow within the fistula and its communication with right atrium. Coronary artery fistulas are among the rare anomalies of coronary arteries. Role of angiography is well established in identification and characterization of these anomalies, however their accurate course and termination is often not defined. We demonstrate role of cardiovascular MRI in non- invasively diagnosing and characterizing the course of these anomalous coronary branches. Here we report a rare case of coronary artery fistula, symptomatic due to hemodynamically significant coronary steal phenomenon. Magnetic Resonance Imaging revealed abnormal dilated tortuous channel extending from anterior aortic sinus and postero-superior wall of right atrium suggestive of right coronary artery fistula. Large opening of the fistula was repaired with SFD patch and opening of the fistula in right atrium was closed directly with prolene. Nepalese Journal of Radiology / Vol.3 / No.1 / Issue 4 / Jan-June, 2013 / 103-108 DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/njr.v3i1.8823
Population Games, Stable Games, and Passivity
Authors: Fox Michael , Shamma Jeff
Published: October 2013

The class of “stable games”, introduced by Hofbauer and Sandholm in 2009, has the attractive property of admitting global convergence to equilibria under many evolutionary dynamics. We show that stable games can be identified as a special case of the feedback-system-theoretic notion of a “passive” dynamical system. Motivated by this observation, we develop a notion of passivity for evolutionary dynamics that complements the definition of the class of stable games. Since interconnections of passive dynamical systems exhibit stable behavior, we can make conclusions about passive evolutionary dynamics coupled with stable games. We show how established evolutionary dynamics qualify as passive dynamical systems. Moreover, we exploit the flexibility of the definition of passive dynamical systems to analyze generalizations of stable games and evolutionary dynamics that include forecasting heuristics as well as certain games with memory.
An Approach Using a 1D Hydraulic Model, Landsat Imaging and Generalized Likelihood Uncertainty Estimation for an Approximation of Flood Discharge
Authors: Jung Younghun , Merwade Venkatesh , Yeo Kyudong , Shin Yongchul , Lee Seung
Published: October 2013

Collection and investigation of flood information are essential to understand the nature of floods, but this has proved difficult in data-poor environments, or in developing or under-developed countries due to economic and technological limitations. The development of remote sensing data, GIS, and modeling techniques have, therefore, proved to be useful tools in the analysis of the nature of floods. Accordingly, this study attempts to estimate a flood discharge using the generalized likelihood uncertainty estimation (GLUE) methodology and a 1D hydraulic model, with remote sensing data and topographic data, under the assumed condition that there is no gauge station in the Missouri river, Nebraska, and Wabash River, Indiana, in the United States. The results show that the use of Landsat leads to a better discharge approximation on a large-scale reach than on a small-scale. Discharge approximation using the GLUE depended on the selection of likelihood measures. Consideration of physical conditions in study reaches could, therefore, contribute to an appropriate selection of informal likely measurements. The river discharge assessed by using Landsat image and the GLUE Methodology could be useful in supplementing flood information for flood risk management at a planning level in ungauged basins. However, it should be noted that this approach to the real-time application might be difficult due to the GLUE procedure.
MODELING OF ADS-B DATA TRANSMISSION VIA SATELLITE
Authors: Kharchenko Volodymyr , Barabanov Yuri , Grekhov Andrii
Published: October 2013

For modelling transmission of ADS-B messages via low-orbit satellite constellation Iridium, the original model of a communication channel “Aircraft-to-Satellite-to-Ground Station” was built using MATLAB Simulink. The model comprises “Aircraft Uplink Transmitter” (Bernoulli Random Binary Generator, Convolutional Encoder, BPSK Baseband Modulator, High Power Amplifier with a memoryless nonlinearity, Transmitter Dish Antenna Gain), “Uplink Path” (Free Space Path Loss, Phase/Frequency Offset), “Satellite Transponder” (Receiver Dish Antenna Gain, Satellite Receiver System Temperature, Complex Baseband Amplifier, Phase Noise, Transmitter Dish Antenna Gain), “Downlink Path” (Free Space Path Loss, Phase/Frequency Offset), “Ground Station Downlink Receiver” (Receiver Dish Antenna Gain, Ground Receiver System Temperature, Viterbi Decoder), “Error Rate Calculation” block and “Display”. The modelling was realized without and with convolutional coding (r = 3/4, K = 7) at different noise temperatures and free space losses. Dependencies of a Bit Error Rate on free space path losses, antenna's diameter, phase/frequency off-sets, satellite transponder linear gain, aircraft and satellite transponder high power amplifier back-off level, and phase noise were received and analysed.
APROXIMATION OF FATIGUE CURVE AND FATIGUE LIMIT OF FIBRE COMPOSITE USING RANDOM DANIELS’ SEQUENCE AND MARKOV CHAINS
Authors: Paramonov Yuri , Cimanis Vjacheslavs , Varickis Sergejs
Published: October 2013

The possibility of using a model based on random Daniels’ sequence and Markov chain theory for approximation of S-N fatigue curve of fiber reinforced material is studied. The model allows observing the connection between static strength distribution parameters and parameter of S-N fatigue curve. Although the model is too simple and does not provide numerical correspondence with experimental fatigue test data, it can explain the existence of a fatigue limit and can be used as a nonlinear regression model of S-N fatigue curve when taking into account the existence of a random fatigue limit. By using of this model fatigue curve (and especially, fatigue limit) changes as a consequence of tensile strength parameter changes may be predicted. A numerical example of carbon-fiber fatigue test dataset processing is provided.
La rupture du contrôle par la confiance dans les relations client-fournisseur
Authors: Beaujolin-Bellet Rachel , Nogatchewsky Gwenaëlle
Published: October 2013

Le contrôle par la confiance dans les relations client-fournisseur est à la fois puissant... et fragile. À partir d’une étude de cas concernant des relations client-fournisseur dans la vallée de la Maurienne, nous étudions un processus de rupture du contrôle par la confiance, ses causes et ses conséquences pour les partenaires. Il en ressort que le contrôle par la confiance, lorsqu’il est affranchi des dispositifs formels, fragilise les relations car il n’apporte pas la preuve de leur performance.
Activity Recognition Using Ubiquitous Sensors
Authors: Liang Yunji , Zhou Xingshe , Guo Bin , Yu Zhiwen
Published: October 2013

With the unprecedented sensing capabilities and the emergence of Internet of things, studies on activity recognition have been hot issues for different application areas, such as pervasive healthcare, industry and commerce, and recommendation systems. Much effort has been devoted to activity recognition using different sensors. Based on the differences of ubiquitous sensors, the authors classify the existing work into approximating sensing, wearable sensing, and video/audio sensing. Generally, methodologies for activity recognition are divided into logical reasoning and probabilistic reasoning. They illustrate the generalized framework and outline the advantages and disadvantages for each algorithm. Despite the research on activity recognition, activity recognition still faces many challenges in many aspects including nonintrusive data collection, scalable algorithms, energy consumption, and semantic extraction from social interaction. Towards those challenging research issues, the authors present their contributions to the field of activity recognition.
User-Centric Social Interaction for Digital Cities
Authors: Synnes Kåre , Kranz Matthias , Rana Juwel , Schelén Olov
Published: October 2013

Pervasive computing was envisioned by pioneers like Mark Weiser but has yet to become an everyday technology in our society. The recent advances regarding Internet of Things, social computing, and mobile access technologies converge to make pervasive computing truly ubiquitous. The key challenge is to make simple and robust solutions for normal users, which shifts the focus from complex platforms involving machine learning and artificial intelligence to more hands on construction of services that are tailored or personalized for individual users. This chapter discusses Internet of Things together with Social Computing as a basis for components that users in a “digital city” could utilize to make their daily life better, safer, etc. A novel environment for user-created services, such as social apps, is presented as a possible solution for this. The vision is that anyone could make a simple service based on Internet-enabled devices (Internet of Things) and encapsulated digital resources such as Open Data, which also can have social aspects embedded. This chapter also aims to identify trends, challenges, and recommendations in regard of Social Interaction for Digital Cities. This work will help expose future themes with high innovation and business potential based on a timeframe roughly 15 years ahead of now. The purpose is to create a common outlook on the future of Information and Communication Technologies (ICT) based on the extrapolation of current trends and ongoing research efforts.
Preparation and Characterization of Monodispersed Magnetic Nanoparticles with Carboxylic Groups via Polymerization Induced by a Double-Bond Ended Surfactant with Acrylic Acid
Authors: Li Jing , Zhong Guo Lun , Chen Wen Kai , Wang Yong Hong , Mao Hong Lei , Xia Hai Ping
Published: October 2013

A new method for synthesizing magnetically responsive Fe3O4@UA@AA nanoparticles have been reported in this paper. The superparamagnetic Fe3O4@UA nanoparticles were prepared via carboxyl-functionalization of 10-undecenoic acid and Fe3O4@UA@AA made by a polymerization of 10-undecenoic acid on the surface of nanoparticles with acrylic acid. Thus the magnetic nanoparticles were functionalized with carboxylic groups. The compositions of as-prepared nanoparticles were characterized by FTIR, TGA, TEM, VSM and conductivity titration. Under optimized experimental conditions, Fe3O4@UA@AA nanoparticles with diameter of about 20 nm and 0.437mmol/g of carboxyl groups and 65 emu/g of saturation magnetization were prepared successfully.
Effect of Cd2+ Concentration on the Structure and Properties of CBD-CdS
Authors: Fang Ren De , Liu Gui Shan , Ma Tie Cheng , Cai Er Rong , Feng Tong , Hu Zhi Qiang , Hao Hong Shun
Published: October 2013

The CdS films were deposited on soda lime glass (SLG) substrate by Chemistry Bath Deposition (CBD). The influence of cadmium concentration on structure and properties of CdS films had been investigated. The phase compositions of the films were characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD). The microstructure of the films was observed by Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM). The transmittance of the films was measured by Ultraviolet-visible Spectrophotometer. The results show that the cadmium concentration has great influence on Crystallite structure and grain size of the films. Under the condition of Cd2+ concentration of 0.006mol/L, the crystalline degree of the film is higher and the crystal growth is more remarkable, which help to make great progress on transmittance and optical band gap of the films.