bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
T cell morphodynamics reveal periodic shape oscillations in three-dimensional migration
Authors: Cavanagh Henry , Kempe Daryan , Mazalo Jessica K. , Biro Maté , Endres Robert G.
Published: May 2022

T cells use sophisticated shape dynamics (morphodynamics) to migrate towards and neutralize infected and cancerous cells. However, there is limited quantitative understanding of the migration process in three-dimensional extracellular matrices (ECMs) and across timescales. Here, we leveraged recent advances in lattice light-sheet microscopy to quantitatively explore the three-dimensional morphodynamics of migrating T cells at high spatio-temporal resolution. We first developed a new shape descriptor based on spherical harmonics, incorporating key polarization information of the uropod. We found that the shape space of T cells is low-dimensional. At the behavioural level, run-and-stop migration modes emerge at approximately 150 s, and we mapped the morphodynamic composition of each mode using multiscale wavelet analysis, finding ‘stereotyped’ motifs. Focusing on the run mode, we found morphodynamics oscillating periodically (every approx. 100 s) that can be broken down into a biphasic process: front-widening with retraction of the uropod, followed by a rearward surface motion and forward extension, where intercalation with the ECM in both of these steps likely facilitates forward motion. Further application of these methods may enable the comparison of T cell migration across different conditions (e.g. differentiation, activation, tissues and drug treatments) and improve the precision of immunotherapeutic development.
Validation of a random Vibrio parahaemolyticus genomic library by selection of quinolone resistance in a heterologous host
Authors: O'Boyle Nicky , Boyd Aoife
Published: May 2022

Vibrio parahaemolyticus

is a shellfish-borne pathogen that is a highly prevalent causative agent of inflammatory gastroenteritis in humans. Genomic libraries have proven useful for the identification of novel gene functions in many bacterial species. In this study we prepared a library containing 40 kb fragments of randomly sheared

V. parahaemolyticus

genomic DNA and introduced this into

Escherichia coli

HB101 using a commercially available low copy cosmid system. In order to estimate coverage and suitability of the library and potentially identify novel antimicrobial resistance determinants, we screened for the acquisition of resistance to the fluoroquinolone norfloxacin – a phenotype exhibited by

V. parahaemolyticus

but not the heterologous

E. coli

host. Upon selection on solid medium containing norfloxacin, 0.52% of the library population was resistant, consistent with the selection of a single resistance locus. End-sequencing identified six distinct insert fragments. All clones displayed fourfold increased norfloxacin MIC compared with

E. coli

HB101 carrying an empty vector. The common locus contained within resistant clones included qnr, a previously described quinolone resistance gene. These results indicate that the library was unbiased, of sufficient coverage and that heterologous expression was possible. While we hope that this library proves useful for identifying the genetic determinants of complex phenotypes such as those related to virulence, not all norfloxacin resistance genes were detected in our screen. As such, we discuss the benefits and limitations of this approach for identifying the genetic basis of uncharacterized bacterial phenotypes.
An analytical model for stator yokeless radial flux dual rotor permanent magnet synchronous machine
Authors: Yang Minglei , Zhong Zaimin , Wang Qinglong , Shao Zhongshu
Published: May 2022

Purpose

The purpose of this study is to propose an analytical model with consideration of the permeability of soft-magnetic materials, which can predict the magnetic field distribution more accurately and facilitate the initial design and parameter optimization of the machine.

Design/methodology/approach

This paper proposes an analytical model of stator yokeless radial flux dual rotor permanent magnet synchronous machine (SYRFDR-PMSM) with the consideration of magnetic saturation of soft-magnetic material. The analytical model of SYRFDR-PMSM is divided into seven regions along the radial direction according to the different excitation source and magnetic medium, and the iron permeability in each region is considered based on the Maxwell–Fourier method and Cauchy’s product theorem. The magnetic vector potential of each region is obtained by the Laplace’s or Poisson’s equation, and the magnetic field solution is determined using the boundary conditions of adjacent regions.

Findings

The inner and outer air-gap flux density, flux linkage, output torque, etc., of SYRFDR-PMSM are predicted by analytical model, resulting in good agreement with that of finite element model. Additionally, the SYRFDR-PMSM prototype is manufactured and the correctness of analytical model is further verified by experiments on no-load back electromotive force and current–torque curve. Reasonable design of the slot opening width and pole arc coefficient can improve the average output torque and reduce output torque ripple.

Research limitations/implications

The analytical model proposed in this paper assumes that the permeability of soft-magnetic material is a fixed value. However, the actual iron’s permeability varies nonlinearly; thus, the prediction results of the analytical model will have some deviations from the actual machine.

Originality/value

The main contribution of this paper is to propose an accurate magnetic field analytical model of SYRFDR-PMSM. It takes into account the permeability of soft-magnetic material and slot opening, which can quickly and accurately predict the electromagnetic performance of SYRFDR-PMSM. It can provide assistance for the initial design and optimization of SYRFDR-PMSM.
Conceptual framework of strategic leadership and organizational resilience for the hospitality and tourism industry for coping with environmental uncertainty
Authors: Ho Grace K.S. , Lam Carmen , Law Rob
Published: May 2022

Purpose

The purpose of this study is to develop a holistic resilience framework and its contributing factors for organizations in the hospitality and tourism industry for coping with uncertain environments, such as those brought about by the COVID-19 pandemic.

Design/methodology/approach

This conceptual paper is based on a broad review of the literature on organizational resilience and strategic leadership. A conceptual framework is developed and discussed.

Findings

This study develops a holistic “strategic leadership-enhanced organizational resilience framework” that addresses the actions and mindsets required by hospitality and tourism organizations to attain organizational resilience and health.

Research limitations/implications

This study fills the research gap in corporate resilience frameworks for hospitality and tourism. This study has practical implications for the industry by suggesting specific actions that companies can take to enhance their organizational health and resiliency under environmental uncertainty.

Originality/value

Previous studies suggested only partial strategic resilience responses. This study constructs a holistic “strategic leadership-enhanced organizational resilience framework” in the hospitality and tourism context.
The influence of national quality assurance policies on institutional planning for internationalization processes of Chilean universities
Authors: Ramírez-Valdivia Martha T. , Latorre Paulina
Published: May 2022

Purpose

This paper aims to identify any relation between the strategies defined in Chilean higher education institutions strategic planning and the compliance with both national accreditation criteria and the dimensions of an integrated internationalization approach, allowing to determine if standards and funding policies shape internationalization processes.

Design/methodology/approach

Strategic plans of 29 universities were analyzed using a nonexperimental qualitative–quantitative methodology. The institutions were categorized according to the scores obtained through the revision of objectives, aims and goals of their strategic plans. Key elements of integrated internationalization were used to identify the assimilation of such dimensions and the actions executed. Data were collected through documentary revision and scrutinized through content analysis using two dichotomous instruments. Results were examined using principal component and cluster analysis.

Findings

Chilean universities’ internationalization processes aim to fulfill national accreditation criteria but do not follow a comprehensive internationalization model, as shown by a 53.2% of compliance with the number of elements relating to internationalization accreditation criteria and a 27% of adherence with an integrated internationalization approach. Institutions are slowly evolving, blending isolated internationalization strategic elements and focusing on external guidelines.

Research limitations/implications

This study was performed through documentary analysis. The derived conclusions could further be complemented through interviews or the inclusion of institutional self-assessment reports for institutional accreditation purposes.

Originality/value

This paper demonstrates why Chilean universities need to take a qualitative step toward implementing an integrated internationalization approach, to make an even more tangible contribution to their internal and external communities.
Cruise vacation experiences for Chinese families with young children
Authors: Wang Sha , Chu Tianyun , Li Huiying , Sun Qianqian
Published: May 2022

Purpose

The market segment of families with young children is significant for the cruise industry in China. This study aims to examine the cruise experience of them and facilitate the provision of family cruise vacation products and services.

Design/methodology/approach

This study collects online comments on the cruise experience of Chinese families with young children and analyzes the data in terms of text, sentiment and content.

Findings

The results of the text analysis indicate issues with several dimensions of the cruise experience. But the results of a sentiment analysis reveal that only 56.76% of the Chinese families with young children expressed positive feelings about cruise tourism. Almost one third (30.43%) expressed negative feelings, and the rest were neutral. In addition, by conducting a content analysis of the negative sentiment comments, this study identifies areas where cruise products and services need to be improved.

Practical implications

Cruise lines are advised to improve the provision of family cruise vacation products and services, such as enhancing physical experience elements, paying attention to human interaction and situational factors and caring for travelers’ personal needs.

Originality/value

This paper explores the cruise experience of Chinese families with young children, which is currently underdeveloped. A methodology approach including text analysis, sentiment analysis and content analysis is systematically applied to offer a holistic and deep understanding of travel experience. A framework for the cruise experience is proposed, which has theoretical and practical significance.
Business and Politics: A Relationship under Challenge. Introduction
Authors: Grant Wyn
Published: May 2022

This collection of articles demonstrates the variety of ways in which business interacts with politics. This can only be understood if we recognise the heterogeneity of business. Indeed, capital vs capital conflicts are often now more important than those with traditional foes. Reputation is an important driver of business responses to political challenges, not least in relation to climate change. Government remains reliant on information and consent from business, but can face business down on particular issues.
FROM HERE, THERE, AND EVERYWHERE: English‐language Media Outlets and Urban Planning Best Practices in the Global South
Authors: Whitney Ryan Anders
Published: May 2022

This article explores the referencing of urban planning best practices focused on fostering more ‘sustainable’ and ‘livable’ cities by decision makers within the global South. Specifically, I illustrate the role of English‐language media outlets in influencing the policy‐making process, thereby encouraging local decision makers to adopt some urban planning best practice policies and programs over others. I argue that the media outlets that are commonly drawn on to identify best practices remain located within the global North, obscuring opportunities to conceptualize urban planning from within the context of the South. To theorize my arguments, I position myself within the government department of the Laboratorio para la Ciudad (Laboratory for the City, or LabCDMX) in Mexico City, a local nexus for best practice adoption. I make the case that decision makers frequently use best practices reported on in the English‐language media, such as blogs and newspapers, including The New York Times and CityLab. I conclude by suggesting that the North continues to influence Southern decision makers during the policy‐making process, regardless of whether these best practices originated in cities within the North or the South.
Application of lactobionic acid in ice cream production
Authors: Zagorska Jelena , Paeglite Ieva , Galoburda Ruta
Published: May 2022

Lactobionic acid (LBA) has many potential applications. This study aimed to evaluate the application of LBA in ice cream production, including its effect on the physico‐chemical properties of ice cream mix, and overrun and melting behaviour of ice cream. The rheological properties of ice cream mix and ice cream made with LBA were evaluated. The physico‐chemical properties of ice cream produced with 2–3 g/kg LBA were comparable to ice cream made with a commercial stabiliser and emulsifier. However, the addition of LBA in higher concentration in the current study resulted in a harder ice cream texture and lower overrun.
Gender equality and the shifting gap in female‐to‐male prison admission rates*
Authors: McLaughlin Heather , Shannon Sarah K. S.
Published: May 2022

Although women have made dramatic gains toward equality with men over the past century, this progress has occurred alongside tremendous growth in U.S. incarceration rates. Extending prior research on sex differences in offending, we turn our attention to punishment by exploring how gender equality in education, work, and politics is associated with disparities in annual prison admissions. Using pooled cross‐sectional data for U.S. states from 1983 to 2010, we conduct a series of fixed‐effects regressions to estimate the ratio of female‐to‐male annual prison admission rates, as well as sex‐specific rates, disaggregated by violent, property, and drug crimes. We find partial support for the ameliorative hypothesis, which predicts that increasing gender equality will decrease female incarceration rates relative to male rates. For one of our three measures of gender equality—the sex gap in educational attainment—we find that greater equality is associated with a widening of the sex gap in incarceration rates, particularly for property offenses. We explore the implications of these findings in relation to existing theories of gender, crime, and punishment.
Quantitative exposure assessment and risk characterization for fipronil residues in laying hen eggs
Authors: Canton Lucila , Signorini Marcelo , Canton Candela , Dominguez Paula , Farias Cristina , Alvarez Luis , Lanusse Carlos , Moreno Laura
Published: May 2022

Poultry production is linked to veterinary drug use to treat diseases. Few ectoparasitic compounds are approved for poultry. Fipronil is a pesticide widely used in agriculture. It is also a drug authorized to control ectoparasites in small animals and, in some countries, in cattle. There has been evidence of fipronil extra‐label use in laying hens, mainly to control the red mite Dermanyssus gallinae. Fipronil's popularity is due to its high toxicity to invertebrates. It could be metabolized to more toxic metabolites that potentially damage human health. In the present study, we carry out a quantitative exposure assessment and risk characterization for fipronil residues in laying hen eggs for local consumption in five cities of Buenos Aires province in Argentina, namely, Azul, Balcarce, Juarez, Chaves, and Tandil. Consumption surveys and egg sampling were conducted for three summer periods. Eggs were analyzed by UFLC‐MS‐MS. Fipronil prevalence, residue concentrations, residue stability to cooking methods, egg consumption, among the most important variables were modeled. The results indicated that 20.7% of samples contained fipronil residues. The highest residue was fipronil sulfone metabolite. Fipronil concentrations quantified ranged between 10 and 2510 ppb (median value = 150 ppb). When eggs were cooked, fipronil residues were stable. The exposure assessment and risk characterization revealed that the highest probability of consuming eggs with fipronil residues above the admissible limits was for young adults (20.8%), followed by babies (16.9%), young children (16.4%), children (13.4%), teenagers (10.3%), older adults (9.41%), and adults (8.65%). These results suggest an unacceptable risk associated with egg consumption with fipronil residues for all age groups.

Practical Application

Fipronil is widely used as an extra‐label way on laying hens since its use is prohibited in poultry production both in Argentina and in most countries. This molecule has been classified as Class II, a moderately hazardous pesticide because it could damage various human organs. Fipronil residues in eggs could be one of the exposure pathways for consumers. Monitoring residual levels and carrying out the health risk assessment in eggs are thus in an urge.
Earnings communication conferences and post‐earnings‐announcement drift: Evidence from China
Authors: Yang Baochen , Liu Yifang , Su Yunpeng
Published: May 2022

Earnings communication conferences in China have become the main platform for direct communication between listed firms and individual investors. This study investigates whether hosting an earnings communication conference and its tone affect post‐earnings‐announcement drift (PEAD). We find that hosting an earnings communication conference increases PEAD. One possible explanation for our results is that investors overreact to the stock prices of firms that hold earnings communication conferences. We also conclude that the conference tone is negatively correlated with PEAD. In addition, the market reacts more strongly to the managers’ tone than it does to the investor's tone.
Treatment of high fat diet‐induced obese pregnant mice with IL‐6 receptor antibody does not ameliorate placental function and fetal growth restriction
Authors: Kretschmer Tobias , Turnwald Eva‐Maria , Janoschek Ruth , Wohlfarth Maria , Handwerk Marion , Dötsch Jörg , Hucklenbruch‐Rother Eva , Appel Sarah
Published: May 2022

Problem

: Pregnancy complications and adverse birth outcomes are in part fueled by the rise in obesity and its associated co‐morbidities in western societies. Fetal healthy development and placental function are disturbed by an obese, inflammatory environment associated with cytokines, such as interleukin‐6, causing inadequate supply of nutrients to the fetus and perinatal programming with severe health consequences.

Method of Study

: Mice received high fat diet (HFD) before and during gestation to induce obesity. We performed an IL‐6 receptor antibody (MR16‐1) treatment in pregnant obese mice at embryonic days E0.5, E7.5 and E14.5 to investigate whether this could ameliorate HFD‐induced and obesity‐associated placental dysfunction, evaluated by stereology and western blot, and improve offspring outcome at E15.5 in obese dams.

Results

: We observed fewer fetuses below the 10th percentile and placental vascularization was less aggravated following MR16‐1 treatment of obese dams, showing slight improvements in labyrinth zone (Lz) vascularization. However, placental dysfunction and fetal growth restriction were still apparent in MR16‐1 dams compared to lean control dams. Molecular analysis showed significantly elevated IL‐6 level in placentas of MR16‐1 treated dams.

Conclusion

: Treatment with MR16‐1 blocks IL‐6 signaling in the placenta, but has only limited effects on preventing HFD‐associated placental dysfunction and offspring outcomes in mice, suggesting further mechanisms in the deterioration of placental vascularization and fetal nutrient supply as a consequence of maternal obesity.
Total activation mapping in a patient with an epicardial accessory pathway
Authors: Fujimoto Yuhi , Yamaguchi Yuka , Iwasaki Yu‐ki , Yodogawa Kenji , Shimizu Wataru
Published: May 2022

A 42‐year‐old man was admitted for recurrent atrioventricular reciprocating tachycardia. We performed a total activation mapping, which included a range from the ventricular to atrial waves during right ventricular pacing. The mapping revealed a delayed ventriculoatrial conduction on the left lateral wall. We performed ablation within the coronary sinus, and the ventriculoatrial conduction was lost. By widening the range, we could easily visualize the ventriculoatrial conduction through the accessory pathway. This mapping showed that the conduction in the area of the accessory pathway was delayed, and it was easy to estimate that the conduction pathway included the coronary sinus.
Do vocational interests matter for the selection of romantic partners? Evidence from variable‐ and couple‐centered approaches
Authors: Banov Katarina , Krapic Nada , Kardum Igor
Published: May 2022

The present study links the person–environment fit theory of vocational interests (VI) with the research on the selection of romantic partners. Empirically, we explore the assortment for VI in 215 heterosexual romantic partners. Using both the variable‐centered (VCA) and couple‐centered (CCA) approaches, we test the hypotheses on positive versus negative assortment, initial assortment versus convergence, and active assortment versus social homogamy. A modest to moderate positive assortment was found for Realistic, Investigative, Artistic, and Social interests but not Conventional interests, whereas evidence of couple similarity in Enterprising interests was less consistent. A moderate level of positive assortment was identified in couples when full interest profiles were evaluated. The results indicate an initial and active assortment rather than convergence or social homogamy effects. The analysis also shows that the assortment for interests represents an independent preference that cannot be easily seen as a by‐product of the assortment in the five‐factor personality traits. These findings highlight the importance of VI in the active selection of romantic partners. We discuss implications for future research and practice.
NeuroSAFE in radical prostatectomy increases the rate of nerve‐sparing surgery without affecting oncological outcome
Authors: van der Slot Margaretha A. , den Bakker Michael A. , Tan Tamara S. C. , Remmers Sebastiaan , Busstra Martijn B. , Gan Melanie , Klaver Sjoerd , Rietbergen John B. W. , Kweldam Charlotte F. , Kliffen Mike , Hamoen Karen E. , Budel Leo M. , Goemaere Natascha N. T. , Helleman Jozien , Bangma Chris H. , Roobol Monique J. , van Leenders Geert J. L. H. ,   the Anser Prostate Cancer Network
Published: May 2022

Objectives

To investigate the impact of intra‐operative neurovascular structure‐adjacent frozen‐section examination (NeuroSAFE) on the rate of nerve‐sparing surgery (NSS) and oncological outcome in a large radical prostatectomy (RP) cohort.

Patients and methods

Between January 2016 and December 2020, 1756 prostate cancer patients underwent robot‐assisted RP, of whom 959 (55%) underwent this with NeuroSAFE and 797 (45%) without (control cohort). In cases where NeuroSAFE showed tumour in the margin, a secondary resection was performed. The effect of NeuroSAFE on NSS and positive surgical margin (PSM) status was analysed using logistic regression. Cox regression was used to identify predictors of biochemical recurrence‐free survival (BCRFS).

Results and limitations

Patients in the NeuroSAFE cohort had a higher tumour grade (P < 0.001) and clinical stage (P < 0.001) than those in the control cohort. NeuroSAFE enabled more frequent NSS for both pT2 (93% vs 76%; P < 0.001) and pT3 disease (83% vs 55%; P < 0.001). In adjusted analysis, NeuroSAFE resulted in more frequent unilateral (odds ratio [OR] 3.90, 95% confidence interval (CI) 2.90–5.30; P < 0.001) and bilateral (OR 5.22, 95% CI 3.90–6.98; P < 0.001) NSS. While the PSM rate decreased from 51% to 42% in patients with pT3 stage disease (P = 0.031), NeuroSAFE was not an independent predictor of PSM status (OR 0.85, 95% CI 0.68–1.06; P = 0.2) in the entire cohort. Patients who underwent NeuroSAFE had better BCRFS compared to the control cohort (hazard ratio 0.62, 95% CI 0.45–0.84; P = 0.002). This study is limited by its comparison with a historical cohort and lack of functional outcomes.

Conclusions

NeuroSAFE enables more unilateral and bilateral NSS without negatively affecting surgical margin status and biochemical recurrence. This validation study provides a comprehensive overview of the implementation, evaluation and intra‐operative decision making associated with NeuroSAFE in clinical practice.
Influence of surgical technique in donor hepatectomy on immediate and short‐term living donor outcomes – A systematic review of the literature, meta‐analysis, and expert panel recommendations
Authors: Cheah Yee L , Heimbach Julie , Kwon Choon Hyuck David , Pomposelli James , Rudow Dianne LaPointe , Broering Dieter , Spiro Michael , Raptis Dimitri Aristotle , Roberts John P. ,   the ERAS4OLT.org Working Group
Published: May 2022

Background

There are currently no guidelines pertaining to ERAS pathways in living donor hepatectomy.

Objectives

The aim of this study was to identify whether surgical technique influences immediate and short‐term outcomes after living liver donation surgery.

Data sources

Ovid MEDLINE, Embase, Scopus, Google Scholar, and Cochrane Central.

Methods

Systematic review and meta‐analysis following PRISMA guidelines and recommendations using the GRADE approach derived from an international expert panel (CRD42021260707). Endpoints were mortality, overall complications, serious complications, bile eaks, pulmonary complications, estimated blood loss and length of stay.

Results

Of the 2410 screened articles, 21 articles were included for final analysis; three observational, 13 retrospective cohort, four prospective cohort studies, and one randomized trial. Overall complications were higher with right versus left hepatectomy (26.8% vs. 20.8%; OR 1.4, P = .010). Donors after left hepatectomy had shorter length of stay (MD 1.4 days) compared to right hepatectomy. There was no difference in outcomes after right donor hepatectomy with versus without middle hepatic vein. We had limited data on the influence of incision type and minimally invasive approaches on living donor outcomes, and no data on the effect of operative time on donor outcomes.

Conclusions

Left donor hepatectomy should be preferred over right hepatectomy, as it is related to improved donor short‐term outcomes (QOE; Moderate | Grade of Recommendation; Strong). Right donor hepatectomy with or without MHV has equivalent outcomes (QOE; Moderate | Grade of Recommendation; Strong); no preference is recommended, decision should be based on program's experience and expertise. No difference in outcomes was observed related to incision type, minimally invasive vs. open (QOE; Low | Grade of Recommendation; Weak); no preference can be recommended.
Stable individual differences in the frequency of chin‐marking behavior across development in the domestic rabbit
Authors: Fernández Yesenia , Arteaga Lourdes , Zepeda José Alfredo , Rödel Heiko G , Hudson Robyn , Bautista Amando
Published: May 2022

Individual differences in behavior (“personality”) are of considerable interest to behavioral biologists. Important questions include how early in life such differences emerge, what factors influence their emergence, and whether they remain stable across development and into adult life. Given the demanding nature of longitudinal studies, there is a lack of information regarding these questions in mammals. Our aim in this study was to investigate the development of individual differences in chin‐marking behavior (chinning) in the domestic rabbit, a notable part of this species’ system of chemical communication, and to relate this to individual differences in growth and behavior among littermates during the early postnatal period. We tested repeatedly the frequency of chinning movements from weaning to sexual maturity in 63 chinchilla‐strain rabbits (35 females, 28 males) from 14 litters. Within litters, we found significant consistencies over time in this behavior, that is, in both sexes inter‐individual differences among litter siblings in the frequency of chinning movements remained stable across the postweaning period until sexual maturity. Unexpectedly, however, we found no significant associations with the morphological, physiological, or behavioral variables known to form a well‐correlated early developmental complex in this species. We tentatively conclude that in the rabbit, individual differences in the frequency of chinning have little relation to other previously studied aspects of individual developmental trajectories. The origin and functional significance of individual differences in chinning frequency, whether in reproductive or other social contexts is largely unknown and requires further investigation.
Effects of strontium addition and T6 heat treatment on uniaxial fatigue of A356 aluminum alloy: Fatigue life and cyclic behavior
Authors: Haskel Tatiane , Verran Guilherme Ourique , Barbieri Renato , da Silva Jailson , Novak Douglas
Published: May 2022

The effects of strontium addition and T6 heat treatment on fatigue behavior of A356 aluminum alloy were studied in this paper. Uniaxial fatigue tests were carried out by using constant stress amplitude. In addition, microstructural analysis of porosity and fracture surface were performed on the material. Results showed that the alloy at T6 conditions presented the best fatigue life, mainly in low cycle fatigue. In high cycle fatigue, the fatigue life of as‐cast and heat treatment alloys almost converged to the same alternating stress. The strontium modified alloys presented higher porosity levels than unmodified ones, which reduced the fatigue life. The stress–strain hysteresis loops showed that the A356 + T6 alloy reached the highest total strain ranges and that depending on the stress level applied, the alloy may or not present cyclic hardening. The fracture analysis revealed porosity near the surface was the main fatigue failure nucleation site for strontium modified alloys.
Correlation between intestinal microbiotal imbalance and 5‐HT metabolism, immune inflammation in chronic unpredictable mild stress male rats
Authors: Li Huawei , Wang Peng , Zhou Yunping , Zhao Fei , Gao Xue , Wu Chunfeng , Wu Tianxia , Jiang Liping , Zhang Dianliang
Published: May 2022

To explore the role of intestinal microbiota on the occurrence of depression‐like behavior. Twenty male adult Wistar rats were randomly divided into control and experimental groups. Depression‐like behavior of the rats was validated using sucrose preference test (SPT) and forced swimming test (FST) after chronic unpredictable mild stress (CUMS) for 3 weeks. Fecal microbiota was analyzed through 16S rRNA sequence analysis. The levels of 5‐HT and inflammatory factors in the colon, brain and sera were measured using enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA), quantitative PCR (qPCR) and western blotting analyses. The percentage of different types of immune cells in the peripheral blood was determined through flow cytometry. CUMS caused depression‐like symptoms, including anhedonia and desperate behavior. Significant differences were found in the structure and abundance of intestinal microbiota. CUMS intervention significantly increased the levels of 5‐HT and Tph1 in the colon and decreased the level of Scl6a4. The concentrations of 5‐HT and Tph2 in the prefrontal and hippocampal tissues were lower, while IDO1 was higher. Certain cytokines, such as IL‐6, IL‐1 and TNF‐ɑ, were significantly elevated in peripheral blood, while the percentage of CD3+ CD4+ double‐positive cells and CD4+/CD8+ ratio were downregulated in the CUMS group. Pearson correlation analysis showed that intestinal microbiota was significantly associated with not only the metabolism of 5‐HT in intestinal and brain tissues, but also with the proportion of immune cells and certain cytokines. Stress can lead to disturbances in the intestinal microbial structure, which may contribute to depression by interfering with 5‐HT metabolism and immune inflammatory responses.
Deciphering the Spell‐Book of the Score: Musical Intelligibility and Notational Citation in E.T.A. Hoffmann's Music Writing
Authors: Toland Sean
Published: May 2022

A problem for those writing about music around 1800 was delivering persuasive judgments about works that readers had not heard, especially for journals that sought to mold a self‐conscious musical public. One tactic was the citation of musical examples in the form of interpolated images from the score. After surveying the development of this technique in the eighteenth century, this article examines the shifting use of musical citation in the works of E.T.A. Hoffmann. His review of Beethoven's Fifth Symphony for Leipzig's Allgemeine Musikalische Zeitung pioneered a new use of citation that went beyond evaluation to deliver an aesthetic impression of the work. In his Fantasiestücke in Callots Manier, however, Hoffmann disavows musical examples, rewriting his Beethoven review without examples and creating a parodic notation to suggest the inability of citation to communicate musical effect.
Women, Cinema, and the First World War in Rosa Porten's Film Wanda's Trick (1918)
Authors: Watzke Petra
Published: May 2022

This article explores the representation of women's changing gender roles and their relationship to cinema and film production during the First World War by looking at the filmmaker Rosa Porten (1884–1972) and her film Wanda's Trick (1918). This comedy, featuring a plucky female protagonist who succeeds in raising her social and financial status against all odds, is emblematic of Porten's prolific directorial output between 1916 and 1919. By contextualizing the film within the social dynamics of popular cinema and women's changing social roles during the war years, this examination of the film elucidates the effects of intensifying state control over the production of entertainment films in tension with women's increased public presence due to the consequences of the war. Films with strong female leads, such as Wanda's Trick, were supposed to entertain and at the same time offer new role models for women at times of loss, trauma, and destitution. Examining the film in this context reveals the discord between increasing patriarchal state control over film production and women's visibility in cinemas and as filmmakers. This article contributes to establishing Porten's place in a feminist historiography of German film and demonstrates the value of contextualizing trivialized films as cultural products of their time.
Seeking German‐Polish Reconciliation through the Heritage Genre: Florian Gallenberger'sDer Überläufer(2020)
Authors: Gortat Jakub
Published: May 2022

This essay examines the recent German‐Polish limited seriesDer Überläufer(2020), a co‐production that shows many of the principal characteristics of German heritage aesthetics. In some regards, it functions as a pastiche of film styles reminiscent of the late 1940s and 1950s: the series employs melodrama to smooth over the differences between past and present, and by juxtaposing the wartime suffering of a German and a Pole, it converts a dark history into an agreeable, entertaining story.Der Überläuferalso contributes to the development of an audiovisual language that depicts and recognizes the experiences of both Germans and Poles. This language transforms the focus of the series from trauma toward reconciliation. However, such a change borders on revisionist history since a relationship like the one depicted in the series would have been highly unlikely.
The efficacy of an oscillating‐rotating power toothbrush compared to a high‐frequency sonic power toothbrush on parameters of dental plaque and gingival inflammation: A systematic review and meta‐analysis
Authors: van der Sluijs Eveline , Slot Dagmar Else , Hennequin‐Hoenderdos Nienke Lisette , Valkenburg Cees , van der Weijden Fridus (G. A.)
Published: May 2022

Aim

To establish the efficacy of oscillating‐rotating power toothbrush (OR‐PTB) compared to high‐frequency sonic power toothbrush (HFS‐PTB) on improving parameters of plaque and gingival inflammation. Safety and participants' preference were secondary interests.

Materials and methods

MEDLINE‐PubMed and Cochrane‐CENTRAL databases were searched, up to April 2021. Inclusion criteria were (randomized)controlled clinical trials that evaluated healthy humans brushing with an OR‐PTB compared to a HFS‐PTB. Evaluation for a minimum of 4 weeks, of one or more of the following parameters: plaque index scores (PI), bleeding scores (BS), number of bleeding sites (NoB) and gingival index scores (GI).

Results

Thirty two publications involving 38 comparisons were included after the independent screening. The descriptive analysis showed that in 54% of the comparisons, a significant difference in favour of the OR‐PTB was found for PI, BS and GI scores. The Quigley and Hein index showed a significant difference of means (DiffM) between the end scores (DiffM 0.13, 95% CI [0.05;0.21] p < 0.001), as well as for the Rustogi‐modified Navy index (DiffM 0.01, 95% CI [0.01;0.03] p = 0.002). This is in line with the meta‐analysis for BS (DiffM 0.09, 95% CI [0.03;0.14] p = 0.003), for which the results were in favour of the OR‐PTB and considered potentially clinically relevant. NoB showed a significant difference in favour of the OR‐PTB for the end scores (DiffM 3.61, 95% CI [2.63;4.58] p < 0.00001). No difference in safety was indicated, 78% of participants preferred the OR‐PTB.

Conclusion

For patients to maintain good plaque control and improve gingival health, there is a small but significant difference based on longer‐term studies between OR‐PTB and HFS‐PTB. This difference is potentially clinically relevant.
Valuing less and guarding more: Consumption stewardship in restricted contexts
Authors: Barrios Andrés , Blocker Christopher P. , Upadhyaya Shikha
Published: May 2022

This paper advances the conceptual understanding of consumption stewardship, defined here as a moral commitment to safeguard, nurture and use consumption resources to create consumer value. We delineate consumption stewardship from related consumption variables and articulate its underlying assumptions, conceptual distinctiveness and application areas. To create new theoretical and practical insights, the paper explores how consumption stewardship unfolds when a person enters into and lives in restricted consumption. A 2‐year qualitative study, which included observation, casual conversations, and interviews, was implemented. Findings illustrate the nature and trajectory of consumption stewardship across latent, vigilant, submissive and shared modes. Our conceptual development of consumption stewardship and empirical evidence of the homeless experiences makes two main contributions. First, we show how the demands of stewarding material objects operate as a powerful determinant for individual (re)valuation of various possessions. Second, we identify how consumption stewardship drives different ways of consumption for value seeking. Findings offer insights for debates in the marketplace about protecting one's possessions, policies around consumption adequacy and social services' role for addressing space‐related needs of vulnerable consumers.
Genomic integration to identify molecular biomarkers associated with indicator traits of gastrointestinal nematode resistance in sheep
Authors: Berton Mariana Piatto , da Silva Rosiane Pereira , Banchero Georgget , Mourão Gerson Barreto , Ferraz Jose Bento Sterman , Schenkel Flavio Schramm , Baldi Fernando
Published: May 2022

This study aimed to integrate GWAS and structural variants to propose possible molecular biomarkers related to gastrointestinal nematode resistance traits in Santa Inês sheep. The phenotypic records FAMACHA, haematocrit, white blood cell count, red blood cell count, haemoglobin, platelets and egg counts per gram of faeces were collected from 700 naturally infected animals, belonging to four Brazilian flocks. A total of 576 animals were genotyped using the Ovine SNP12k BeadChip and were imputed using a reference population with Ovine SNP50 BeadChip. The GWAS approaches were based on SNPs, haplotypes, CNVs and ROH. The overlapping between the significant genomic regions detected from all approaches was investigated, and the results were integrated using a network analysis. Genes related to the immune system were found, such as ABCB1, IL6, WNT5A and IRF5. Genomic regions containing candidate genes and metabolic pathways involved in immune responses, inflammatory processes and immune cells affecting parasite resistance traits were identified. The genomic regions, biological processes and candidate genes uncovered could lead to biomarkers for selecting more resilient sheep and improving herd welfare and productivity. The results obtained are the start point to identify molecular biomarkers related to indicator traits of gastrointestinal nematode resistance in Santa Inês sheep.
Atypical action updating in a dynamic environment associated with adolescent obsessive–compulsive disorder
Authors: Marzuki Aleya A. , Vaghi Matilde M. , Conway‐Morris Anna , Kaser Muzaffer , Sule Akeem , Apergis‐Schoute Annemieke , Sahakian Barbara J. , Robbins Trevor W.
Published: May 2022

Background

Computational research had determined that adults with obsessive–compulsive disorder (OCD) display heightened action updating in response to noise in the environment and neglect metacognitive information (such as confidence) when making decisions. These features are proposed to underlie patients’ compulsions despite the knowledge they are irrational. Nonetheless, it is unclear whether this extends to adolescents with OCD as research in this population is lacking. Thus, this study aimed to investigate the interplay between action and confidence in adolescents with OCD.

Methods

Twenty‐seven adolescents with OCD and 46 controls completed a predictive‐inference task, designed to probe how subjects’ actions and confidence ratings fluctuate in response to unexpected outcomes. We investigated how subjects update actions in response to prediction errors (indexing mismatches between expectations and outcomes) and used parameters from a Bayesian model to predict how confidence and action evolve over time. Confidence–action association strength was assessed using a regression model. We also investigated the effects of serotonergic medication.

Results

Adolescents with OCD showed significantly increased learning rates, particularly following small prediction errors. Results were driven primarily by unmedicated patients. Confidence ratings appeared equivalent between groups, although model‐based analysis revealed that patients’ confidence was less affected by prediction errors compared to controls. Patients and controls did not differ in the extent to which they updated actions and confidence in tandem.

Conclusions

Adolescents with OCD showed enhanced action adjustments, especially in the face of small prediction errors, consistent with previous research establishing ‘just‐right’ compulsions, enhanced error‐related negativity, and greater decision uncertainty in paediatric‐OCD. These tendencies were ameliorated in patients receiving serotonergic medication, emphasising the importance of early intervention in preventing disorder‐related cognitive deficits. Confidence ratings were equivalent between young patients and controls, mirroring findings in adult OCD research.
Effects of web‐based learning for nurses on their care for pregnant women with hiesho (sensitivity of hands or feet to cold): A randomized controlled trial
Authors: Nakamura Sachiyo , Takeuchi Shoko , Hoshino Takahiro , Okubo Naoko , Horiuchi Shigeko
Published: May 2022

Aim

Hiesho is a condition characterized by having a cold sensation in the hands or feet (i.e., sensitivity of the hands or feet to cold). This condition is common among Japanese women and is an important health problem. In this study, we aimed to evaluate a hiesho intervention program for nurses called “Preventing Hiesho: Intervention Program for Educating Nurses” in terms of its effectiveness in improving the knowledge and perceptions of nurses about the importance of hiesho care.

Methods

A total of 130 nurses from Japanese hospitals and clinics providing prenatal care participated in our randomized controlled trial. Sixty‐eight nurses participated in the “Preventing Hiesho: Intervention Program for Educating Nurses” for 2 weeks (intervention group). Sixty‐two nurses received a pamphlet on hiesho care (control group). The responses of the participants to the questionnaire survey were collected by postal mail. An intention‐to‐treat analysis of the results was conducted.

Results

One week after the implementation of the web‐based learning program, the scores of knowledge and perceptions of the importance of administering hiesho care were significantly higher in the intervention group than in the control group.

Conclusions

A 2‐week web‐based learning program for educating nurses on preventing hiesho significantly improved their knowledge and perceptions of the importance of hiesho care.
Steroid profiling in brain and plasma of adult zebra finches following traumatic brain injury
Authors: Gray Sofia L. , Soma Kiran K. , Duncan Kelli A.
Published: May 2022

Traumatic brain injury (TBI) is a serious health concern and a leading cause of death. Emerging evidence strongly suggests that steroid hormones (estrogens, androgens, and progesterone) modulate TBI outcomes by regulating inflammation, oxidative stress, free radical production, and extracellular calcium levels. Despite this growing body of evidence on steroid‐mediated neuroprotection, very little is known about the local synthesis of these steroids following injury. Here, we examine the effect of TBI on local neurosteroid levels around the site of injury and in plasma in adult male and female zebra finches. Using ultrasensitive liquid chromatography–tandem mass spectrometry (LC–MS/MS), we examined estrogens, androgens, and progesterone in the entopallium and plasma of injured and uninjured animals. Three days after injury, elevated levels of 17β‐estradiol (E2), estrone (E1), and testosterone (T) were detected near injured brain tissue with a corresponding increase in E2 also detected in plasma. Taken together, these results provide further evidence that TBI alters neurosteroid levels and are consistent with studies showing that neurosteroids provide neuroprotection following injury.