bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Numerical Analysis of Dynamic Characteristics of an Asymmetric Tri-Stable Piezoelectric Energy Harvester under Random Vibrations in Building Structures
Authors: Man Dawei , Hu Qingnan , Xu Qinghu , Tang Liping , Chen Dong , Yuan Ziqing , Han Tingting
Published: July 2024

This study presents a novel design for a tri-stable piezoelectric vibration energy harvester with an asymmetric structure, which is enhanced with an elastic base (TPVEH + EB), meticulously designed to enhance energy extraction from irregular vibrations in architectural structures. The cornerstone of this design is the asymmetric tri-stable piezoelectric cantilever beam, distinctively arranged within a U-shaped block and fortified with an elastic foundation. A carefully positioned spring (kf)-mass (Mf) system between the U-shaped block and the beam’s fixed end significantly boosts the vertical displacement of the beam during oscillations. Utilizing Lagrange’s equations, we formulated a dynamic model for the asymmetric TPVEH + EB, examining the effects of potential well asymmetry, the stiffness of the elastic base and spring-mass system, the mass of the spring-mass system, and the tip magnet mass on the system’s nonlinear dynamic responses. Our results demonstrate that the asymmetric TPVEH + EB significantly enhances energy harvesting from low-amplitude random vibrations (1.5 g), with the output voltage of the asymmetric TPVEH + EB increasing by 30% and the output power by 25%. Extensive numerical and theoretical analyses verify that the asymmetric TPVEH + EB provides a highly efficient solution for scenarios typically hindered by low energy conversion rates. Its reliable performance under varied and unpredictable excitation conditions highlights its excellence in advanced energy harvesting applications. The improvements detailed in this research underscore the potential of the asymmetric TPVEH + EB to boost energy harvesting efficiency, particularly in powering wireless sensor nodes for structural health monitoring in buildings. By overcoming the limitations of traditional harvesters, the asymmetric TPVEH + EB ensures enhanced efficiency and reliability, making it an ideal solution for a wide range of practical applications in diverse environmental conditions within buildings.
Climate Adaptability Research of Vernacular Dwellings in Jiangxi Based on Numerical Simulation—An Example from Nanfeng County
Authors: Zhou Zhiyi , Xu Yuxuan , Ouyang Cheng , Gui Mengyao , Jiang Wanping , Zhou Chunlei , Ma Kai , Zhang Jiaxin , Huang Jingyong
Published: July 2024

Energy conservation and carbon reduction in buildings have become important concerns and, at the same time, the value of low-tech approaches employed in indigenous architecture is increasingly acknowledged as a pertinent reference for contemporary design practices. The research on vernacular dwellings in Jiangxi has many perspectives and fruitful results, but not enough attention has been paid to the research on climate adaptation. This article verifies the vernacular dwellings’ climate adaptation and summarizes the low-tech methods embedded in vernacular dwellings, aiming to provide guidelines for future exploration of energy-saving and carbon-reducing practices in architecture. By selecting different types of vernacular dwellings in Nanfeng County, this article verifies three aspects of the ecological characteristics of vernacular dwellings: the light environment, wind environment, and energy consumption, by comparing them with those of local modern residential buildings. It is concluded that the average daylight factor of the hall area of vernacular dwellings is better than that of the modern residential buildings in rural areas, and the vernacular dwellings regulate the indoor wind environment and maintain indoor comfort through natural ventilation in winter and summer seasons. Also, the annual energy consumption of the vernacular dwellings per unit area per year can be reduced by up to about 32% in comparison with modern residential buildings. Subsequently, the article concludes that patio space has a positive impact on the indoor physical environment through comparative experiments. Vernacular dwellings are well adapted to the local climate in terms of form, structure, and materials, and these low-tech methods should be applied to the design of rural dwellings in the future.
Advancing Circular Economy in Construction Mega-Projects: Awareness, Key Enablers, and Benefits—Case Study of the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
Authors: Alotaibi Saud , Martinez-Vazquez Pedro , Baniotopoulos Charalampos
Published: July 2024

The implementation of a circular economy (CE) in the construction sector faces several challenges that hinder its progress. Research on the awareness, key enablers, and potential benefits of CE in Saudi Arabia’s construction of mega-projects that could contribute and promote a successful transition is still at its early stages and remains limited. This study delves into CE awareness and understanding, identifying the key enablers that could support its successful adoption in Saudi Arabian mega-projects and the potential benefits associated with it. To achieve this, a comprehensive literature review was conducted, followed by 18 semi-structured interviews across three case studies, which involved the main stakeholders in building, urban development, and infrastructure projects. The findings, which are thematically analysed, revealed that CE awareness mostly focuses on reuse, recycle, and waste reduction. A significant gap in the knowledge of circularity throughout projects’ lifecycles has been identified. As such, this study concludes that the key enablers for CE include establishing regulatory frameworks, enhancing professionals’ awareness and education, promoting the use of advanced technology, ensuring a mature market, and supporting CE initiatives. Moreover, the potential environmental and socio-economic benefits of CE, such as cost reduction, environmental impact reduction, and better-improved quality of life are crucial for encouraging a wider implementation of CE in the construction of mega-projects in Saudi Arabia.
Unraveling the Intricate Links between the Dwindling Aral Sea and Climate Variability during 2002–2017
Authors: Berdimbetov Timur , Pushpawela Buddhi , Murzintcev Nikita , Nietullaeva Sahibjamal , Gafforov Khusen , Tureniyazova Asiya , Madetov Dauranbek
Published: July 2024

The Aral Sea is an indispensable component of the socio-economic progress of Central Asia but has undergone substantial ecological transformations over the last few decades, primarily due to global warming and human activities. Among these changes, the basin area has decreased, and water levels have dropped. This paper focuses on a comprehensive analysis of the spatial variation of key climate parameters, such as temperature, precipitation, and potential evapotranspiration over the Aral Sea. Moreover, we examined the transformation of seasonal water areas in the Aral Sea during the growing and non-growing seasons between 2002 and 2017 and the influence of climate and human factors on these changes using Landsat satellite data. Our results indicate that the western section of the Aral Sea has experienced a reduction in water area by 2.41 km2 and 1.83 km2 during the warm (R2 = 0.789) and cold (R2 = 0.744) seasons, respectively, over the investigated period. The decrease in lake water volume during the warm season can be attributed to local climate variations, as a strong negative correlation exists between seasonal water storage change and temperature (potential evapotranspiration). The correlation analysis shows that the water change in the northern part of the Aral Sea during the growing season has a significant positive correlation with temperature (R = 0.52) and an insignificant negative correlation with precipitation (R = −0.22). On the contrary, in the west and east parts of the Aral Sea, there is a significant negative correlation with temperature (R = −0.71 and −0.62) and a high positive correlation with precipitation (R = 0.71 and 0.55) during the growing season.
Development of Method for Applying Multilayer Gradient Thermal Protective Coatings Using Detonation Spraying
Authors: Buitkenov Dastan , Nabioldina Aiym , Raisov Nurmakhanbet
Published: July 2024

In this work, multilayer gradient coatings obtained by detonation spraying were studied. To obtain a multilayer gradient coating by detonation spraying, two modes with different numbers of shots of NiCrAlY and YSZ were developed. The presented results demonstrate the effectiveness of creating a gradient structure in coatings, ensuring a smooth transition from metal to ceramic materials. Morphological analysis of the coatings confirmed a layered gradient structure, consisting of a lower metallic (NiCrAlY) layer and an upper ceramic (YSZ) layer. The variation in the contents of elements along the thickness of the coatings indicates the formation of a gradient structure. X-ray analysis shows that all peaks in the X-ray diffraction patterns correspond to a single ZrO2 phase, indicating the formation of a non-transformable tetragonal primary (t′) phase characteristic of the thermal protective coatings. This phase is known for its stability and resistance to phase transformation under changing operating temperature conditions. As the thickness of the coatings increased, an improvement in their mechanical characteristics was found, such as a decrease in the coefficient of friction, an increase in hardness, and an increase in surface roughness. These properties make such coatings more resistant to mechanical wear, especially under sliding conditions, which confirms their prospects for use in a variety of engineering applications, including aerospace and power generation.
Effects of Precursors Ratio and Curing Treatment on the Icephobicity of Polydimethylsiloxane
Authors: Balordi Marcella , Casali Alessandro , Gadia Paolo , Pelagatti Paolo , Pini Francesco , Santucci de Magistris Giorgio
Published: July 2024

Elastomers are intriguing materials for many applications, one of these being icephobic coatings. Elastic modulus and work of adhesion are the key parameters coming into play in ice detachment mechanisms, and can be related to hardness and wettability. Polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) is widely used for anti-ice applications; however, not many works deal with the correlation between cross-linking grade, curing treatments, and icephobicity. This study focuses on PDMS (Sylgard184®) coatings, encompassing four different pre-polymer to cross-linking agent (A:B) ratios ranging from 5:1 to 30:1, and nine curing treatments. The results indicate that increasing the A:B ratio enhances hydrophobicity, softness, and icephobicity, assessed through shear stress measurements. Curing treatments primarily affect hardness and icephobicity, with longer heat treatments resulting in higher hardness and ice adhesion. All samples exhibit promising performances in lowering shear stress values, up to seven times in respect to the uncoated reference for 30:1 ratio. Additionally, a durability assessment is conducted on samples exposed to stress tests in the climatic chamber. A slight deterioration in hydrophobicity across all samples is observed and, notably, a significant hardness increase, around 13%, is experienced for the 5:1 ratio only. The samples also demonstrate an overall robust icephobicity after stress tests, and, for the 30:1 ratio, an average shear stress value four times lower than the reference is maintained. In this work, we highlight the importance of the fine-tuning of the precursors ratio and thermal treatments on the PDMS properties and durability.
Dual-Tracer Positron Emission Tomography/Computed Tomography with [18F]FDG and [18F]fluorocholine in a Patient with Metastatic Parathyroid Carcinoma
Authors: Iacovitti Cesare Michele , Cuzzocrea Marco , Gianola Lauro , Paone Gaetano , Treglia Giorgio
Published: July 2024

Here, we describe the case of a 43-year-old male patient with a metastatic parathyroid carcinoma who underwent dual-tracer whole-body positron emission tomography/computed tomography (PET/CT) with [18F]fluorocholine and fluorodeoxyglucose ([18F]FDG) for staging. [18F]FDG PET/CT detected multiple cervical and mediastinal lymph nodal lesions with increased tracer uptake, whereas [18F]fluorocholine PET/CT detected increased tracer uptake on cervical and mediastinal lymph nodal lesions and bone and lung lesions with a better evaluation of metastatic spread. Due to these imaging findings, the patient underwent systemic treatment with chemotherapy. This case demonstrates the added value of dual-tracer PET/CT in this rare metastatic tumor.
Adverse Effects Associated with Dermal Filler Treatments: Part II Vascular Complication
Authors: Hong Gi-Woong , Hu Hyewon , Chang Kathleen , Park Youngjin , Lee Kar Wai Alvin , Chan Lisa Kwin Wah , Yi Kyu-Ho
Published: July 2024

Vascular complications arising from dermal filler treatments pose significant risks, including ischemia, tissue necrosis, and severe outcomes like blindness and pulmonary embolism. This study investigates the mechanisms of vascular complications, categorizing them into extravascular compression and intravascular emboli. Extravascular compression occurs when injected fillers compress adjacent blood vessels, leading to ischemia and potential necrosis, while intravascular emboli result from fillers entering blood vessels, causing blockages. The study emphasizes the importance of anatomical knowledge, careful injection techniques, and early intervention. Management strategies include the use of hyaluronidase to dissolve HA fillers, vasodilators to improve blood circulation, and hyperbaric oxygen therapy. The regions most susceptible to complications align with major arterial pathways, particularly the nasolabial folds and nasal region. The study also highlights the need for meticulous injection techniques, the use of cannulas over needles in high-risk areas, and the aspiration test to detect vessel penetration. Early detection and immediate intervention are crucial to mitigate adverse outcomes. Continuous education and training for practitioners, along with advancements in filler materials and injection methods, are essential for improving the safety of cosmetic procedures. This comprehensive understanding aids in preventing and managing vascular complications, ensuring better patient outcomes. The field of dermal filler treatments is advancing with new techniques and technologies, such as High-Resolution Ultrasound, Infrared Imaging, self-crossing hyaluronic acid filler, biodegradable microspheres, and microinjection.
A Three-Month Probiotic (the Streptococcus salivarius M18 Strain) Supplementation Decreases Gingival Bleeding and Plaque Accumulation: A Randomized Clinical Trial
Authors: Babina Ksenia , Salikhova Dilara , Makeeva Irina , Zaytsev Alexandr , Sokhova Inna , Musaeva Sevil , Polyakova Maria , Novozhilova Nina
Published: July 2024

S. salivarius M18 administration has been proven to provide positive effects on periodontal health; however, there is still no consensus on the optimum duration of probiotic administration. This study aimed to evaluate the effect of three months of probiotic supplementation on bleeding on probing, signs of gingival inflammation, and dental biofilm. Sixty-two eligible individuals with gingivitis were enrolled in this placebo-controlled, double-blind trial and randomly allocated to the M18 or control groups. Primary outcomes were changes in gingival condition (gingival index, GI; gingival bleeding index, GBI) after 1, 2, and 3 months of lozenges administration and after a one-month washout. Secondary outcomes included changes in the Quigley–Hein plaque index (modified by Turesky et al.) after 1, 2, and 3 months of lozenges administration and after a washout. In total, 60 individuals completed the study (31 and 29 in the M18 group and the control group, respectively). No severe adverse events were reported. Probiotic supplementation resulted in a significant decrease in gingival bleeding at 1 month (effect size 1.09 [CI95%: 0.55–1.63]), 2 months (effect size 0.78 [CI95%: 0.26–1.30]), and 3 months (effect size 0.67 [CI95%: 0.15–1.18]) and a significant reduction in dental plaque accumulation at 2 months (effect size 0.63 [CI95%: 0.12–1.14]) and 3 months (effect size 0.55 [CI95%: 0.03–1.05]). A three-month supplementation with the probiotic resulted in a significant reduction in gingival bleeding and biofilm accumulation; however, a long-lasting effect is not expected, indicating the need for probiotic intake on a long-term basis.
Failed Orthodontic PEEK Retainer: A Scanning Electron Microscopy Analysis and a Possible Failure Mechanism in a Case Report
Authors: Zecca Piero Antonio , Bocchieri Salvatore , Carganico Andrea , Caccia Margherita , Fastuca Rosamaria , Borgese Marina , Levrini Luca , Reguzzoni Marcella
Published: July 2024

This study presents a scanning electron microscopy analysis of a failed PEEK retainer in an orthodontic patient. After 15 months of use, the patient reported a gap opening between teeth 41 and 42. The PEEK retainer was removed and sent for electron microscope analysis. To investigate the failure, scanning electron microscopy was employed to assess the microstructure and composition of the retainer at various magnifications. These findings suggest that the failure of the PEEK retainer was multifaceted, implicating factors such as material defects, manufacturing flaws, inadequate design, environmental factors, and patient-related factors. In conclusion, this scanning electron microscopy analysis offers valuable insights into the failure mechanisms of PEEK retainers in orthodontic applications. Further research is necessary to explore preventive strategies and optimize the design and fabrication of PEEK retainers, minimizing the occurrence of failures in orthodontic practice.
Modeling of Complex State Financial Support for Small and Medium-Sized Enterprises
Authors: Zakharova Kristina Alekseyevna , Muravyev Danil Anatolyevich , Karagulian Egine Araratovna
Published: July 2024

This article describes a new approach to determining the optimal amount of state financial support provided to business entities. It is shown that there are three available methods to support economic agents. The most cost-effective option is subsidizing business entities to expand their current assets. It has been revealed that there are not just optimal amounts of government financial support but also optimal not-to-exceed amounts that make it possible to identify the boundaries of the so-called highly productive state of the economy. In this case, when the economy is highly productive, the prices of goods (services) fall, workers spend their savings, and the volume of production increases. This ultimately leads to an increase in the well-being of the population. The differential equations are the basis for the model, which is similar to the model of a simple two-sector single-product economy. The Monte Carlo method is used to determine the optimal not-to-exceed amount for government financial support. The identification of such intervals allows us to determine the amount of state financial support that will lead to a highly productive state and will not contribute to an unreasonable expansion of the budget expenditure. This study’s results can be utilized by government authorities for the development of a comprehensive system of state financial support for entrepreneurship. Business entities can use the results of this research concerning the calculation of the optimal not-to-exceed amount of financial support.
DFFNet: A Rainfall Nowcasting Model Based on Dual-Branch Feature Fusion
Authors: Liu Shuxian , Liu Yulong , Zheng Jiong , Liao Yuanyuan , Zheng Guohong , Zhang Yongjun
Published: July 2024

Timely and accurate rainfall prediction is crucial to social life and economic activities. Because of the influence of numerous factors on rainfall, making precise predictions is challenging. In this study, the northern Xinjiang region of China is selected as the research area. Based on the pattern of rainfall in the local area and the needs of real life, rainfall is divided into four levels, namely ‘no rain’, ‘light rain’, ‘moderate rain’, and ‘heavy rain and above’, for rainfall levels nowcasting. To solve the problem that the existing model can only extract a single time dependence and cause the loss of some valuable information in rainfall data, a prediction model named DFFNet, which is based on dual-branch feature fusion, is proposed in this paper. The two branches of the model are composed of Transformer and CNN, which are used to extract time dependence and feature interaction in meteorological data, respectively. The features extracted from the two branches are fused for prediction. To verify the performance of DFFNet, the India public rainfall dataset and some sub-datasets in the UEA dataset are chosen for comparison. Compared with the baseline models, DFFNet achieves the best prediction performance on all the selected datasets; compared with the single-branch model, the training time consumption of DFFNet on the two rainfall datasets is reduced by 21% and 9.6%, respectively, and it has a faster convergence speed. The experimental results show that it has certain theoretical value and application value for the study of rainfall nowcasting.
An Architecture of Enhanced Profiling Assurance for IoT Networks
Authors: Aroon Nut , Liu Vicky , Kane Luke , Li Yuefeng , Tesfamicael Aklilu Daniel , McKague Matthew
Published: July 2024

Attacks launched from IoT networks can cause significant damage to critical network systems and services. IoT networks may contain a large volume of devices. Protecting these devices from being abused to launch traffic amplification attacks is critical. The manufacturer usage description (MUD) architecture uses pre-defined stateless access control rules to allow or block specific network traffic without stateful communication inspection. This can lead to false negative filtering of malicious traffic, as the MUD architecture does not include the monitoring of communication states to determine which connections to allow through. This study presents a novel solution, the enhanced profiling assurance (EPA) architecture. It incorporates both stateless and stateful communication inspection, a unique approach that enhances the detection effectiveness of the MUD architecture. EPA contains layered intrusion detection and prevention systems to monitor stateful and stateless communication. It adopts three-way decision theory with three outcomes: allow, deny, and uncertain. Packets that are marked as uncertain must be continuously monitored to determine access permission. Our analysis, conducted with two network scenarios, demonstrates the superiority of the EPA over the MUD architecture in detecting malicious activities.
Optimizing Traffic Scheduling in Autonomous Vehicle Networks Using Machine Learning Techniques and Time-Sensitive Networking
Authors: Kwon Ji-Hoon , Kim Hyeong-Jun , Lee Suk
Published: July 2024

This study investigates the optimization of traffic scheduling in autonomous vehicle networks using time-sensitive networking (TSN), a type of deterministic Ethernet. Ethernet has high bandwidth and compatibility to support various protocols, and its application range is expanding from office environments to smart factories, aerospace, and automobiles. TSN is a representative technology of deterministic Ethernet and is composed of various standards such as time synchronization, stream reservation, seamless redundancy, frame preemption, and scheduled traffic, which are sub-standards of IEEE 802.1 Ethernet established by the IEEE TSN task group. In order to ensure real-time transmission by minimizing end-to-end delay in a TSN network environment, it is necessary to schedule transmission timing in all links transmitting ST (Scheduled Traffic). This paper proposes network performance metrics and methods for applying machine learning (ML) techniques to optimize traffic scheduling. This study demonstrates that the traffic scheduling problem, which has NP-hard complexity, can be optimized using ML algorithms. The performance of each algorithm is compared and analyzed to identify the scheduling algorithm that best meets the network requirements. Reinforcement learning algorithms, specifically DQN (Deep Q Network) and A2C (Advantage Actor-Critic) were used, and normalized performance metrics (E2E delay, jitter, and guard band bandwidth usage) along with an evaluation function based on their weighted sum were proposed. The performance of each algorithm was evaluated using the topology of a real autonomous vehicle network, and their strengths and weaknesses were compared. The results confirm that artificial intelligence-based algorithms are effective for optimizing TSN traffic scheduling. This study suggests that further theoretical and practical research is needed to enhance the feasibility of applying deterministic Ethernet to autonomous vehicle networks, focusing on time synchronization and schedule optimization.
A Hybrid Algorithm Based on Multi-Strategy Elite Learning for Global Optimization
Authors: Zhao Xuhua , Yang Chao , Zhu Donglin , Liu Yujia
Published: July 2024

To improve the performance of the sparrow search algorithm in solving complex optimization problems, this study proposes a novel variant called the Improved Beetle Antennae Search-Based Sparrow Search Algorithm (IBSSA). A new elite dynamic opposite learning strategy is proposed in the population initialization stage to enhance population diversity. In the update stage of the discoverer, a staged inertia weight guidance mechanism is used to improve the update formula of the discoverer, promote the information exchange between individuals, and improve the algorithm’s ability to optimize on a global level. After the follower’s position is updated, the logarithmic spiral opposition-based learning strategy is introduced to disturb the initial position of the individual in the beetle antennae search algorithm to obtain a more purposeful solution. To address the issue of decreased diversity and susceptibility to local optima in the sparrow population during later stages, the improved beetle antennae search algorithm and sparrow search algorithm are combined using a greedy strategy. This integration aims to improve convergence accuracy. On 20 benchmark test functions and the CEC2017 Test suite, IBSSA performed better than other advanced algorithms. Moreover, six engineering optimization problems were used to demonstrate the improved algorithm’s effectiveness and feasibility.
Variations in the Forest Productivity of Pinus patula Plantations in Tanzania: The Need for an Improved Site Classification System
Authors: Maguzu Joshua , Ilstedt Ulrik , Katani Josiah Zephaniah , Maliondo Salim S. M.
Published: July 2024

The productivity of forests in sub-Saharan Africa is often summarized into large compartments or site classes. However, the classification of forest productivity levels based on the original site index model in Tanzania and the techniques applied to generate the model did not include the micro-toposequence variations within compartments. This may create false expectations of wood supply and hinder the estimation of sustainable harvesting processes. This study analyzed variations in forest productivity and the site index in P. patula stands in two forest plantations of Tanzania to assess the applicability and generality of the present site classification system. We used dominant height as a proxy for forest productivity in 48 plots at the Sao Hill forest plantation (SHFP) and 24 plots at the Shume forest plantation (SFP). We stratified the sampling plots in each site class along the soil catena and recorded the elevation, slope, and slope positions (summit, mid, and lower). Our results showed that the site classes did not generally match the previously assigned site classes and the productivity of a given site class varied between the two plantations. We found a consistently higher productivity than that implied by the original site index in SFP, while in SHFP, the productivity was both higher and lower than estimated in different compartments. Both elevations and slope significantly contributed to predicting the productivity variations within site classes. Overall, the results indicate that physiographic factors affect variations in forest productivity within the assigned site classes. We recommend a more comprehensive site productivity assessment that takes into account physiographic variations and hence provides more accurate information for sustainable forest plantation management in Tanzania and in the region at large.
Evaluation of the Effectiveness of the Elderly Cognitive and Exercise Forest Therapy Program According to Brain Wave and Autonomic Nervous System Parameters
Authors: Seo Jeong-Woo , Kim Kahye , Kim Seul Gee , Yi Jiyune , Shin Wonsop , Choi Jungmi , Kim Jaeuk U.
Published: July 2024

The purpose of this study is to more quantitatively identify changes in body function through various bio-signal parameters. (1) Background: Forest therapy is effective in stabilizing cognitive, emotional, cardiovascular, and autonomic nervous systems. In particular, it is necessary to more quantitatively confirm changes in body functions through various bio signals. (2) Methods: As a forest therapy program (FTP) for the elderly, it consisted of strength training in the forest, respiratory aerobic exercises, and cognitive function training, and a total of 19 sessions were performed for 12 weeks. The electroencephalography (EEG) and Photoplethysmography (PPG) before and after the program were measured and compared between program participants (FTP group) and non-participants (control group). (3) Results: the FTP group showed increase in the alpha band power in EEG and a decrease in the PRV index, Tad, and Tae after the program compared to the control group; (4) Conclusions: Significant differences occurred in the physiological functioning of the elderly participants after the program. This is a result that can confirm the effectiveness of forest therapy more quantitatively. Forest therapy has a positive effect on mental stress reduction and cardiovascular function.
Application of Carboxymethyl Cellulose and Glycerol Monostearate as Binder Agents for Protein Powder Production from Honey Bee Brood Using Foam-Mat Drying Technique
Authors: Chaipoot Supakit , Phongphisutthinant Rewat , Wiriyacharee Pairote , Kanthakat Gochakorn , Wongwatcharayothin Worachai , Somjai Chalermkwan , Danmek Khanchai , Chuttong Bajaree
Published: July 2024

This study investigates the development of protein powder from honey bee drone broods using foam-mat drying, a scalable method suitable for community enterprises, as well as the preservation of bee broods as a food ingredient. Initially, honey bee broods were pre-treated by boiling and steaming, with steamed bee brood (S_BB) showing the highest protein content (44.71 g/100 g dry basis). A factorial design optimized the powder formulation through the foam-mat drying process, incorporating varying concentrations of S_BB, glycerol monostearate (GMS), and carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC). The physicochemical properties of the resulting powder, including yield, color spaces, water activity, solubility, protein content, and total amino acids, were evaluated. The results showed that foam-mat drying produced a stable protein powder. The binders (CMC and GMS) increased the powder’s yield and lightness but negatively affected the hue angle (yellow-brown), protein content, and amino acid content. The optimal quantities of the three variables (S_BB, GMS, and CMC) were determined to be 30 g, 6 g, and 1.5 g, or 80%, 16%, and 4%, respectively. Under this formulation, the protein powder exhibited a protein content of 19.89 g/100 g. This research highlights the potential of bee brood protein powder as a sustainable and nutritious alternative protein source, enhancing food diversification and security.
How Important Are Genetic Diversity and Cultivar Uniformity in Wheat? The Case of Gliadins
Authors: Metakovsky Eugene , Melnik Viktor A. , Pascual Laura , Wrigley Colin W.
Published: July 2024

Improvements in self-pollinated crops rely on crosses between different genotypes. It has been suggested that the repeated use of “the best” genotypes may lead to the restriction of the genetic diversity of the crop. In wheat, the analysis of gliadin (storage protein) polymorphism has provided evidence that genetic diversity was high and stable throughout the 20th century. Moreover, a worldwide analysis of gliadin polymorphism shows that genetic diversity is structured spatially across countries and their regions. Therefore, the analysis of gliadin genotypes in a given grain sample can provide reliable information about the origin of grains in this sample. An unexpected finding is that many registered common wheat cultivars are genetically non-uniform and composed of authentic biotypes (genotypically related lines originated from the initial cross) in spite of current crop-registration rules that include a strict demand for each new cultivar to be genetically uniform (DUS rules). In summary, the results suggest that each cultivar is the fruit of joint effects of a breeder and of a region’s environmental factors. We believe this finding will not be restricted to wheat and suggest there may be a need to re-evaluate relevant rules of cultivar registration for crop species in general.
Comparative Transcriptome Analysis of the Hypothalamic–Pituitary–Gonadal Axis of Jinhu Grouper (Epinephelus fuscoguttatus ♀ × Epinephelus tukula ♂) and Tiger Grouper (Epinephelus fuscoguttatus)
Authors: Qiu Yishu , Duan Pengfei , Ding Xiaoyu , Li Zhentong , Wang Xinyi , Li Linlin , Liu Yang , Wang Linna , Tian Yongsheng
Published: July 2024

Jinhu groupers, the hybrid offspring of tiger groupers (Epinephelus fuscoguttatus) and potato groupers (Epinephelus tukula), have excellent heterosis in fast growth and strong stress resistance. However, compared with the maternal tiger grouper, Jinhu groupers show delayed gonadal development. To explore the interspecific difference in gonadal development, we compared the transcriptomes of brain, pituitary, and gonadal tissues between Jinhu groupers and tiger groupers at 24-months old. In total, 3034 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were obtained. KEGG (Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes) enrichment analyses showed that the osteoclast differentiation, oocyte meiosis, and ovarian steroidogenesis may be involved in the difference in gonadal development. Trend analysis showed that the DEGs were mainly related to signal transduction and cell growth and death. Additionally, differences in expression levels of nr4a1, pgr, dmrta2, tbx19, and cyp19a1 may be related to gonadal retardation in Jinhu groupers. A weighted gene co-expression network analysis revealed three modules (i.e., saddlebrown, paleturquoise, and greenyellow) that were significantly related to gonadal development in the brain, pituitary, and gonadal tissues, respectively, of Jinhu groupers and tiger groupers. Network diagrams of the target modules were constructed and the respective hub genes were determined (i.e., cdh6, col18a1, and hat1). This study provides additional insight into the molecular mechanism underlying ovarian stunting in grouper hybrids.
Genome-Wide Identification and Expression Analysis of Nitrate Transporter (NRT) Gene Family in Eucalyptus grandis
Authors: Li Guangyou , Yang Deming , Hu Yang , Xu Jianmin , Lu Zhaohua
Published: July 2024

Eucalyptus grandis is an important planted hardwood tree worldwide with fast growth and good wood performance. The nitrate transporter (NRT) gene family is a major core involved in nitrogen (N) absorption and utilization in plants, but the comprehensive characterization of NRT genes in E. grandis remains mostly elusive. In this study, a total of 75 EgNRT genes were identified from the genome of E. grandis that were distributed unevenly across ten chromosomes, except Chr9. A phylogenetic analysis showed that the EgNRT proteins could be divided into three classes, namely NRT1, NRT2 and NRT3, which contained 69, 4 and 2 members, respectively. The cis-regulatory elements in the promoter regions of EgNRT genes were mainly involved in phytohormone and stress response. The transcriptome analysis indicated that the differentially expressed genes of leaf and root in E. grandis under different N supply conditions were mainly involved in the metabolic process and plant hormone signal transduction. In addition, the transcriptome-based and RT-qPCR analysis revealed that the expression of 13 EgNRT genes, especially EgNRT1.3, EgNRT1.38, EgNRT1.39 and EgNRT1.52, was significantly upregulated in the root under low-N-supply treatment, suggesting that those genes might play a critical role in root response to nitrate deficiency. Taken together, these results would provide valuable information for characterizing the roles of EgNRTs and facilitate the clarification of the molecular mechanism underlying EgNRT-mediated N absorption and distribution in E. grandis.
Feasibility and Safety of an Eight-Week Exercise Program with the Additional Peripheral Magnetic Stimulation of the Abdominal Muscles
Authors: Manojlović Ivezić Denisa , Žitnik Jure , Šarabon Nejc
Published: July 2024

Peripheral magnetic stimulation has recently been introduced as a non-invasive but effective physical agent to improve muscle strength and everyday function. The aim of this study was to evaluate the feasibility and safety of an exercise program focusing on the abdominal muscles in combination with the peripheral magnetic stimulation of the abdominal muscles. Male and female overweight and obese adults (n = 19) participated in an eight-week exercise program with the additional peripheral magnetic stimulation of the abdominal muscles. Outcome measures included changes in abdominal subcutaneous fat thickness, trunk muscle strength, body composition, and self-reported body satisfaction. Subcutaneous fat thickness was significantly reduced after the intervention (p < 0.01–p < 0.001). Trunk flexion and left side flexion strength increased significantly after the intervention, although no significant changes were observed for trunk extension (p = 0.07) and right side flexion strength (p = 0.13). The body satisfaction self-assessment score significantly increased (p < 0.01), while body mass, body mass index, and fat mass significantly decreased after the intervention (p < 0.05). Our findings suggest that an exercise program with the additional peripheral magnetic stimulation is feasible and safe for overweight and obese participants. These results support the use of peripheral magnetic stimulation as a safe adjunct to the voluntary abdominal muscle contraction. Future studies are needed to evaluate the efficacy of the additional peripheral magnetic stimulation of the abdominal muscles compared to the voluntary contraction of the abdominal muscles alone.
Adherence of Brazilian Minors to the 24-Hour Movement Guidelines after In-Person School Return
Authors: Molleri Natália , Gomes Junior Saint Clair , Marano Daniele , Zin Andrea
Published: July 2024

The levels of adequacy of movement behaviors after returning to in-person school activities following the COVID-19 pandemic are not yet well understood. This study aimed to assess the adherence of Brazilian minors to the recommendations of the 24-Hour Movement Guidelines (moderate to vigorous physical activity, recreational screen time, and sleep duration), as well as overall adherence to these guidelines, after the relaxation of COVID-19 social isolation measures and the resumption of in-person schooling. A cross-sectional study was conducted with parents or guardians (39 ± 7.8) of minors aged up to 18 years of age (3.8 ± 2.5). A total of 172 individuals responded to the questionnaire. Data were compared with those obtained in the Survey of the Adequacy of Brazilian Children and Adolescents to the 24-Hour Movement Guidelines before and during the COVID-19 Pandemic. There was an 18.6 percentage decrease (p-value < 0.001) in overall adherence to the 24-Hour Movement Guidelines when comparing the periods before the COVID-19 pandemic (March 2020) and after the return to in-person schooling (March 2021). The largest percentage drop in adherence between these periods was observed for moderate to vigorous physical activity (27.4%; p-value < 0.001) and the lowest for sleep (10.5%; p-value < 0.001). Adherence to the 24-Hour Movement Guidelines did not return to pre-pandemic levels with the resumption of in-person school activities.
Correction: Prasad et al. Patterns of Variation in the Usage of Fatty Acid Chains among Classes of Ester and Ether Neutral Lipids and Phospholipids in the Queensland Fruit Fly. Insects 2023, 14, 873
Authors: Prasad Shirleen S. , Taylor Matthew C. , Colombo Valentina , Yeap Heng Lin , Pandey Gunjan , Lee Siu Fai , Taylor Phillip W. , Oakeshott John G.
Published: July 2024

Supplementary Table S3 in our recent publication [...]
Taxonomic Impediment for Conservation: The Case of Bees in an Undersampled Tropical Mid-Elevation Site, San Martín, Peru
Authors: Rasmussen Claus , Sánchez Evelyn
Published: July 2024

In this first field survey of an entire bee fauna for any part of Peru, we report a total of 1796 bees belonging to 181 species or morphospecies in four families. The taxonomic impediment was pronounced with only 80 species of 181 that could be named. With such a high proportion of undetermined species, it is not possible to adequately compare pollinator communities across different studies, assess historical changes or analyze endemism patterns to document ecology, behavior and evolution of the species and genera. This information is required to provide a sound basis for policymakers to protect habitats for the conservation of native pollinators.
Can International Classification of Functioning, Disability and Health (ICF) Be Used for Prediction of Work Capacity and Employment Status in Multiple Sclerosis?
Authors: Valadkevičienė Daiva , Jatužis Dalius , Žukauskaitė Irena , Bileviciute-Ljungar Indre
Published: July 2024

Background: Multiple sclerosis (MS) affects many body functions and activities, including work capacity and ability to work. An evaluation of work-related parameters is important to understand the barriers to maintaining the job. The aim of this study was to evaluate if a Comprehensive International Classification of Functioning, Disability and Health (ICF) core set for MS can be used to predict work capacity and employment status. Methods: The cohort included 151 participants with MS (99 female/52 male, mean age 49 years) referred for a work capacity evaluation. Results: 71 (47.0%) were employed and a major part (131, 86.7%) had a work capacity between 20 and 40% with no difference between those who were employed and those who were unemployed. The analysis revealed that age and the following categories explained 68.8% of the work capacity: b770 Gait pattern functions; b730 Muscle power functions; b134 Sleep functions; d845 Acquiring, keeping and terminating a job; and b620 Urination functions. The following categories in 79.5% predicted ability to work: b164 Higher-level cognitive functions; d510 Washing oneself; d630; Preparing meals; and d870 Economic self-sufficiency. Conclusions: Here, we show that different functions/activities predicted work capacity in comparison with employment status in MS. Therefore, ICF should be implemented when assessing work ability.
Approximation of Glomerular Filtration Rate after 1 Year Using Annual Medical Examination Data
Authors: Hirai Keiji , Kitano Taisuke , Nakayama Keiji , Morita Fujiko , Satomura Hajime , Tanaka Takahisa , Yoshioka Toru , Matsumoto Masahiko , Kimura Yuichi , Shikanai Taku , Sasaki Koji , Zhang Zhiying , Ito Kiyonori , Ookawara Susumu , Morishita Yoshiyuki
Published: July 2024

Background: This cohort study was conducted to devise an approximation formula for predicting the glomerular filtration rate (GFR) after 1 year using annual medical examination data from the general population. Methods: Consecutive annual medical examination data were obtained for 41,337 inhabitants. Machine learning with the random forest method was used to assess the importance of each clinical parameter in terms of its association with estimated GFR (eGFR) after 1 year. An approximation formula was developed by multiple linear regression analysis based on the four most important clinical parameters. The relationship between the GFR after 1 year approximated by our formula and the eGFR after 1 year was analyzed using Pearson’s correlation coefficient. Results: The following approximation formula was obtained by multiple linear regression analysis: approximate GFR after 1 year (mL/min/1.73 m2) = −0.054 × age + 0.162 × hemoglobin − 0.085 × uric acid + 0.849 × eGFR + 11.5. The approximate GFR after 1 year was significantly and strongly correlated with the eGFR at that time (r = 0.884; p < 0.001). Conclusions: An approximation formula including age, hemoglobin, uric acid, and eGFR may be useful for predicting GFR after 1 year among members of the general population.
Research on Hull Form Design and Numerical Simulation of Sinkage and Trim for a New Shallow-Water Seismic Survey Vessel
Authors: Ye Ziyi , Su Shaojuan , Wu Yujie , Guo Fangxin , Liu Haibo , Cheng Qixiang
Published: July 2024

When a ship sails in shallow water, it will show different hydrodynamic performance from that in deep water due to the limitations of water depth. The shallow water effect may lead to hull sinkage and trim, increasing the risk of bottoming or collision. In this study, a new design scheme of a shallow-water seismic survey vessel is proposed to solve the problems of traditional seismic survey vessels in shallow-water marine resources exploration and safety. The RANS (the Reynolds-Averaged Navier–Stokes) method combined with the Overset Mesh and DFBI (Dynamic Fluid Body Interaction) method is used for numerical simulation to analyze the influence of ship type, water depth, and speed on ship sinkage and trim, as well as the influence of the shallow-water ship’s attitude on resistance. The results show that with the decrease in water depth and the increase in speed, the pressure distribution around the hull becomes uneven, which leads to the aggravation of the sinkage and trim of the hull. In response to this problem, the shallow-water seismic survey vessel significantly improved the sinkage and trim of the hull in shallow water to ensure its safe navigation. The research also shows that navigation resistance can be effectively reduced by appropriately adjusting the ship’s attitude. Therefore, this study provides a reference for the development of shallow-water ships in the future.
Dietary Methionine Requirements for Juvenile Florida Pompano (Trachinotus carolinus)
Authors: Corby Trenton L. , Ngo Trinh , Riche Marty , Davis D. Allen
Published: July 2024

A 56-day feeding trial was conducted to evaluate the quantitative methionine requirements in the diets of Florida pompano (Trachinotus carolinus). Eight practical diets using soybean meal, poultry meal, and red lentil meal as the primary protein sources were formulated using graded levels of methionine supplement (0 to 0.70 g/100 g diet). Groups of 15 juvenile Florida pompano (4.04 ± 0.05 g) were size-sorted and placed into one of 40 glass aquaria (132 L) with five replicates per diet. Significant differences (p ≤ 0.05) were observed in overall biomass, mean weight, weight gain, thermal growth coefficient (TGC), and feed conversion ratio (FCR). To estimate the dietary methionine requirement, a series of statistical models, including the one-slope broken line model (BLM1), two-slope broken line model (BLM2), broken quadratic model (BQM), and four-parameter saturation kinetic model (SKM-4) were used to assess mean weight, weight gain, TGC, apparent net protein retention (ANPR), and methionine retention (MR). The model selection showed that BLM1 fit the data best for MW and TGC, SKM-4 for PWG and ANPR, and BQM for MR. Based on these results, a minimum dietary methionine requirement of 0.68% of the diet or 1.70 g/100 g protein is recommended.