bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Effective Bioconversion of Locally obtained Apple Waste into Citric Acid using Aspergillus Niger (NRRL 567)
Authors:   Department of Chemical Engineering, Quaid-e-Awam University of Engineering, Science & Technology, Nawabshah, Pakistan, Akhter Faheem , Aziz Shaheen ,   Department of Chemical Engineering, Mehran University of Engineering & Technology, Jamshoro, Pakistan, Jalal Fatima ,   Zoology Department, GC University, Faisalabad, Pakistan
Published: December 2022

A viable and sustainable method was used to produce citric acid. Apple waste (pomace) was used as a substrate and displayed a good efficiency for citric acid yield. The fermentation process was carried out using Aspergillus Niger (NRRL 567) strain. This fungal strain showed a competent performance in fermenting apple waste to produce citric acid. Various key parameters were analyzed and optimized such as incubation temperature, amount of substrate, ph, moisture content, nitrogen source, metal ions, methanol inducer and inoculum density. Among such parameters, the highest citric acid yield of 158 g/kg of apple pomace was achieved with the use of methanol inducer. Methanol inducer, moisture content, amount of substrate and nitrogen source were found to have significant impact on CA production. The fungal strain used in the present study is known to possess an impressive biomass fermentation capacity, as also demonstrated by the present work. In Pakistan, this strain has not been analyzed for its efficiency to produce citric acid using pomace of locally cultivated apple, hence the novelty of the present work. All the experimental work, analysis and optimization was accomplished on laboratory scale at Advanced Research Laboratory, Zoology Department, GC University, Faisalabad, Pakistan.
Structure and Deformation Behavior of Human Dentin
Authors:   Ural Federal University, Russia, Panfilov Peter ,   Ural State Mining University, Russia, Kabanova Anna ,   Ural Federal University, Russia, Zaytsev Dmitry ,   Ural Federal University, Russia,   Ural State Mining University, Russia, Kiselnikova Larissa P. ,   Moscow State University of Medicine and Dentistry, Russia, Guo Jinming ,   Hubei University, China, Zhang Z.L. ,   Erich Schmid Institute of Materials Science, Austria
Published: December 2022

The relationship between structure and stress accommodation mechanisms (deformation and fracture) of human dentin on macro-, micro- and nano- scales is discussed. Dentin is the hard basis of human teeth with complicated hierarchically organized structure, which is attested as a natural composite consisted of a bioorganic matrix armed by collagen fibers and apatite crystallites. Dentin exhibits the unique strength properties. On the macroscopic level, under tensile load, it behaves like a brittle solid, and like a viscoelastic one in the case of compression. At the same time, on the microscopic scale cracks in dentin grow in a viscoelastic manner under tensile loading. Structure, mechanical properties and crack growth of human dentin on macro-, micro- and nano- scales, including TEM study, are considered in detail. It was shown that a brittle response under tension is the macroscopic feature of dentin caused by dentin channels, while viscoelasticity is its intrinsic property.
Change in the Dispersed Territory: (Proto)Types for a New Urban Paradigm
Authors: Gheysen Maarten , Leemans Sophie
Published: December 2022

Dispersed territories such as Flanders (Belgium) have been amongst others described as layered territories, as a palimpsest landscape, or as both a selective and a-selective infill of the territory. In the constant re-editing and change of this territory, historical remnants remain visible and often form a departing point for further adaptations and changes. One of these remnants, the moated farmstead, has evolved from a historical (proto)type to a common typology in South-West Flanders and enabled inhabiting the territory dispersedly. Moated farmsteads are typically composed of a series of different buildings and are surrounded by an artificial water body. The moat formed the central point of a larger land management system. Nowadays, many of these farmsteads still exist, however, over time they lost their original purpose and transformed into a variety of uses. The design of a prototype, i.e., a first model later evolving into a type, a recurring model, as an architectural object can simultaneously relate to a larger theoretical reflection on the scale of the territory. Subsequently, these farmsteads lead to the question: What (proto)types have been developed to demonstrate the uniqueness of the relation between the land/labour/living in a dispersed territory? Can we re-interpret the moated farmstead as a new (proto)type to establish a more sustainable way of urbanising the countryside in a dispersed context? Therefore, this article first documents the historical figure of the moated farmstead as an architectural object, socio-economic and political organisation, and ecological land management, and documents its change throughout time. Then, a reflection is built on how, at the time of their emergence, these moated farmsteads were an exponent of a sustainable and ground-breaking type that enabled a dispersed settlement pattern. Finally, the potential of the farmstead as a new prototype for a twenty-first-century dispersed territory is discussed.
CLASSIFICATION OF INTERACTIVE FUNCTIONS OF THE ELECTRONIC ATLAS: THEORETICAL AND METHODOLOGICAL BASIS OF CREATION
Authors:   Taras Shevchenko national University of Kyiv, Krakovskyi S. , Kurach T. ,   Taras Shevchenko national University of Kyiv
Published: December 2022

In the more than 30-year history of electronic atlases, only two classifications of interactive functions designed directly for the electronic atlas are widely known. In addition, the theoretical aspects of the development of these classifications have been insuf­ficiently covered, which makes it difficult to improve them further. The purpose of the article is to develop the theoretical and methodological basis of creating the classification system of inter­active functions of the electronic atlas. To achieve this purpose, four intermediate goals were set: finding out whether it is neces­sary to create a new classification or refine existing ones; formation of the terminological apparatus of the object of research and classification system; formation of a set of classification objects—interactive functions; development of the methodological basis of the classification system. The place of interactive functions in the system of notions of interactive and atlas cartography was determined, which included consideration of such notions as electronic atlas elements, atlas interaction, electronic atlas representation, electronic atlas inter­activity, atlas interaction operator, electronic atlas functionality, and interactive tool. The following basic notions of the interactive functions classification system were established: classification element, classification object, general principle of classifying, and the main feature (basis) of classifying. Essential (interactivity, resultative, visibility, duration, unambiguity) and non-essential (pas­sivity, extensibility) properties of interactive function, its characteristics and varieties are determined. One hundred seventy-nine interactive functions of the electronic atlas have been preliminarily identified, which will be divided into classification groups based on their purpose. The classification will be intended for developers of atlas platforms and authors of electronic atlases. Its devel­opment will help solve such tasks as systematization of experience in creating and implementing interactive functions of electronic atlases; evaluation of interactivity and functionality of electronic atlases; review of the theoretical provisions of atlas cartography, finding new interactive functions and connections between existing ones; accelerating the development of electronic atlases by authors-users of the atlas platform; and demonstration of the interactive capabilities of the atlas platform. The research results can be used at the theoretical level of designing the classification of interactive functions not only for the electronic atlas but also for other applications where the classification object is the interactive function. The proposed terminolog­ical apparatus may be of interest to the whole of interactive cartography because such general theoretical notions as interactive function, interactivity, and interaction are considered.
GEOTEKNİK UYGULAMALARDA GEOPOLİMERLERİN KULLANILABİLİRLİĞİNİN İNCELENMESİ, LİTERATÜR ÇALIŞMASI
Authors: ÇINAR Muhammet , ERBAŞI Büşra
Published: December 2022

Küresel ısınma ve iklim değişikliği Dünya'nın en önemli ve hızla çözülmesi gereken problemlerinden biri haline gelmiştir. Atmosferdeki kızılötesi ışınları tutarak küresel ısınma ve iklim değişikliğine sebep olan sera gazlardan bir tanesi de CO2 gazıdır ve çimento üretimi ile salınan CO2 gazı toplam salınımın %8’ini oluşturmaktadır. CO2 salınımının yanı sıra çimento üretiminde ortaya çıkan nitrik oksitler asit yağmurlarına neden olmaktadır. Atık ya da doğal mineralli malzemeler kullanılarak üretilen geopolimer beton, geleneksel betona göre daha az su kullanımı ve CO2 emisyonunu artırmaması açısından çevresel anlamda sürdürülebilirdir. Geopolimerler farklı kür koşullarında farklı malzemeler ve alkalin aktivatör kullanarak elde edilebilmektedir. Bu derleme makalede çimento yerine alümina silikat oranı yüksek atık malzemelerin bir alkalin aktivatör ile bağlayıcı özellik kazanması esasına dayanan geopolimerlerin zemin iyileştirme çalışmalarında kullanımı incelenmiştir.
ZAYIF AC SİSTEMLERE BAĞLI VSC-HVDC’NİN VEKTÖREL KONTROLU
Authors: ABACI Kadir , YAMAÇLI Volkan , BÖLÜKBAŞI Aykan
Published: December 2022

Gerilim kaynaklı dönüştürücülere (VSC) dayalı yüksek gerilim-doğru akım (HVDC) güç sistemleri son yıllarda popüler bir konu haline gelmiştir. Bu makale, zayıf bir AC sistemi için çeşitli sistem hataları ve aşırı yükleme koşulları altında vektör kontrol tekniği ile VSC tabanlı bir VSC-HVDC sisteminin bir modelini ve kontrol performansını incelemektedir. VSC-HVDC sisteminin matematiksel modeli, sistem parametrelerini en uygun şekilde ayarlamak için kontrol edilen ve kontrol edilen değişkenlerin bir simülasyon modelini ilişkilendirmemize izin verir. Bu nedenle, DC bara gerilimini korumak amacıyla aktif ve reaktif gücü ayarlamak için uygun bir vektör kontrol tekniği kullanılır. Bu makalede sunulan kontrol sistemi, sistem salınımını verimli bir şekilde söndürebilen ve sistem geçici ve kararlı durum kararlılığını sürdürebilen dış kontrol döngüsü ve iç kontrol döngüsünü içerir. Vektör kontrol yaklaşımı, zayıf bir 6 baralı AC iletim sisteminde test edilmiştir. Modelin verimliliğini ve kontrol yönteminin güç aktarım limitinin iyileştirilmesine uygulanabilirliğini göstermek ve doğrulamak için DIgSILENT PowerFactory 15.0 yazılımında dinamik simülasyonları yapılmıştır.
İŞLEVSEL DERECELENDİRİLMİŞ DAİRESEL BİR KANATÇIĞIN TERMOELASTİK DAVRANIŞININ SAYISAL İNCELENMESİ
Authors: YILDIRIM Ali , EKER Mehmet , YARIMPABUÇ Durmuş , ARIKAN Volkan , ÇELEBİ Kerimcan
Published: December 2022

Bu çalışmada, mekanik ve ısıl özelliklerinin radyal eksen boyunca üstel bir fonksiyonla değiştiği varsayılan, eksenel simetrik, ince, dikdörtgen profilli dairesel bir kanatçıktaki sıcaklık dağılımı ve sıcaklık farklarından dolayı oluşan ısıl gerilmeler, pseudospectral Chebysev ve sonlu elemanlar yöntemleri ile ele alınmıştır. Chebyshev yöntemin doğruluğu literatürde mevcut analitik çözümle karşılaştırılarak test edilmiştir. Kanatçık, ZrO_2/Ti-6Al-4V malzeme çifti ile derecelendirilmiş, uygulanan sınır koşulları altında sıcaklık dağılımı ve ısıl gerilmeler elde edilmiştir. Problem, pseudospektral Chebyshev ve sonlu elemanlar yöntemleri ile ayrı ayrı çözülmüş ve elde edilen sonuçlar grafiksel olarak karşılaştırılmıştır. Pseudospektral Chebyshev yönteminin sonlu elamanlar yöntemine göre daha az nokta sayısı ile yakın sonuçlar verdiği gözlemlenmiştir.
İKİ BUHARLAŞTIRICILI KARBONDİOKSİT (CO2) - AMONYAK (NH3) KASKAD SOĞUTMA SİSTEMİNİN TERMODİNAMİK ANALİZİ VE OPTİMUM TASARIM PARAMETRELERİNİN BELİRLENMESİ
Authors: KURU Muhammet Nasıf , ERDİNÇ Mehmet Tahir
Published: December 2022

Günümüzde, aşı muhafazası, hızlı dondurma sistemleri, dondurulmuş gıdaların depolanması gibi nedenlerden dolayı düşük sıcaklıkta verimli bir şekilde çalışan soğutma sistemlerine ihtiyaç duyulmaktadır. Tek kademeli soğutma sistemlerinin kullanılması, enerji verimliliği açısından ekonomik değildir ve bu nedenle iki kademeli veya kaskad sistemler düşük sıcaklık eldesinin istendiği soğutma uygulamalarında tercih edilirler. Ayrıca, iki farklı düşük sıcaklığa sahip iki buharlaştırıcılı soğutma sistemleri de birçok uygulamada tercih edilmektedir. Bu çalışmada, kaskad soğutma sisteminde iki buharlaştırıcı kullanımı durumunda termodinamik analiz yapılmıştır ve optimum tasarım parametreleri, kaskad yoğuşturucudaki yoğuşturucu sıcaklığı (T_MY) ve soğutmadaki performans katsayısı (COP) açısından belirlenmiştir. Kaskad soğutma sisteminde, küresel ısınmaya ve ozon tabakasının incelmesine neden olan yapay soğutucu akışkanların yerine doğal soğutucu akışkanlardan, karbondioksit (CO2) düşük sıcaklık çevriminde ve amonyak (NH3) yüksek sıcaklık çevriminde kullanılacaktır. Soğutma kapasitesi her iki buharlaştırıcı için sabit olarak kabul edilmiştir. Tasarım parametreleri olarak, birinci ve ikinci buharlaştırıcı sıcaklıkları (T_b1,T_b2), yoğuşturucu sıcaklığı (T_y) ve kaskad yoğuşturucudaki sıcaklık farkı (∆T) ele alınmıştır ve sırasıyla -35 °C ile -45 °C, -45 °C ile -55 °C, 35 °C ile 45 °C, 3 °C ile 5 °C değerleri için çalışılmıştır. Elde edilen sonuçlara göre COP değerinin buharlaştırıcı sıcaklığına büyük oranda bağlı olduğu ve çalışılan aralıklarda COP değerinin 2.566’ya ulaşılabileceği görülmüştür.
METEOROLOJİK VERİLER KULLANILARAK GÜNEŞ IŞINIM TAHMİNİNDE YAPAY SİNİR AĞLARI PARAMETRELERİNİN DEĞERLENDİRİLMESİ
Authors: YÜZER Erşan Ömer , BOZKURT Altuğ
Published: December 2022

Doğru ışınım tahmini, fotovoltaik (PV) santralinin verimliliğini arttırarak şebekenin etkin bir şekilde programlanmasına ve güç kalitesinin iyileştirilmesine olanak sağlar. Bu çalışma, güneş enerjisi bakımından verimli bir yer olan Hakkâri ilinde kurulan bir meteoroloji ölçüm istasyonu verileri aracılığıyla küresel güneş ışınım tahmininde yapay sinir ağları (YSA) parametrelerinin potansiyelini göstermektedir. Meteoroloji istasyonundan zaman serisine bağlı olarak ölçülen, rüzgâr hızı, sıcaklık, basınç ve nem parametreleri kullanılarak eş zamanlı gerçekleşen güneş ışınım değerleri YSA modeli oluşturularak tahmin edilmiştir. Oluşturulan model YSA’da yaygın olarak kullanılan çeşitli eğitim algoritmaları ve aktivasyon fonksiyonları ile denenmiş ve en iyi sonuç elde edilmeye çalışılmıştır. Kullanılan modelin performansı istatistiksel göstergeler kullanılarak değerlendirilmiştir. Kullanılan veri seti parametrelerine göre güneş ışınım tahmininde, “trainlm” eğitim algoritması ile “poslin” aktivasyon fonksiyonu kullanılarak oluşturulan model 0,97 regresyon değeri, %1,16 ortalama kare hatası (MSE) ve %0,0881 normalize kök ortalama kare hatası (nRMSE) değeri ile güneş ışınım tahmininde en iyi performansı göstermiştir.
A Simplified Method for Performing Vector-Valued Probabilistic Seismic Hazard Analysis
Authors: Li Bo , Cai Zhen
Published: December 2022

For a seismic risk analysis, the seismic hazard results are usually combined with fragility functions to calculate the probability of seismic losses. Because vector-valued ground-motion intensity measures (IMs) are increasingly used by researchers and practicing engineers to evaluate fragility functions, seismic hazard calculations in terms of vector-valued IMs are required, which are determined by vector-valued probabilistic seismic hazard analysis (PSHA). However, the large computational cost associated with vector-valued PSHAs impedes the application of vector-valued IMs in performing a seismic risk analysis. The study presents a simplified method for conducting vector-valued PSHAs. This simplified method is developed using proposed equivalent earthquakes that are derived from conventional seismic hazard deaggregation. Formulas for performing vector-valued PSHAs using the simplified method are also proposed. Based on a numerical example, this study demonstrates the accuracy and efficiency of the proposed method.
The Buffering Effect of Social Support on the Relationship between Risk Drinking and Depression in Korean Middle-aged Married Men and Women
Authors:   Research Institute For Life And Culture Sogang University, Lee Choon Hee , Kang Sun-Kyung
Published: December 2022

This study aims to improve the quality of life of middle-aged married men and women and their families by examining the relationship between risk drinking and depression in middle-aged married men and women, and by exploring the buffering effects of social support, family support, and friend support based on the relationship. There is this. In order to achieve this purpose, correlation analysis was conducted on 702 people who have a family of two or more in the online survey data. A hierarchical regression analysis was performed to examine whether risk drinking had an effect on depression and whether social support had an interactive effect in this relationship. The main results are: First, risk drinking precedes depression and becomes an inducer of depression, which supports the toxicity hypothesis. Second, the higher the educational background and income, the lower the depression. Third, in the influence of risk drinking on depression, in the group with high social support, family support, and friend support, even if risk drinking increased, the degree of depression was moderately increased. Fourth, in the analysis of the three support models and the moderating effect according to gender in the effect of risk drinking on depression, it was found that only in the case of women, the buffer effect was found to be statistically significant in friend support. Based on the results, social welfare interventions were discussed for risk drinking, depression, and social support in middle-aged married men and women.
A Phenomenological Study on the Stigma Experience of Internet Gambling Addicted Adolescents
Authors:   Research Institute For Life And Culture Sogang University, Lee Dongjun , Park Chaerim
Published: December 2022

The purpose of this study is to examine the 'stigma' experienced by adolescents addicted to Internet gambling. For this purpose, 12 middle and high school students who had been online gambling for at least one year were selected as the study participants. To obtain oral data of the selected research participants, the researcher conducted a 1:1 in-depth interview, and the collected data were analyzed according to the procedure of the phenomenological research method suggested by Giorgi (1970; 1985). As a result of the analysis, a total of 5 themes and 12 common semantic units could be extracted. The study participants were found to have experienced 'discriminatory title', 'prejudice', 'reproach from peers', 'severance of relationship', and 'discriminatory treatment by teachers and friends'. Based on these research results, the researcher discussed the policy and practical implications of minimizing the stigma experience of adolescents addicted to the Internet.
Treatment Options in BRAF-mutant Metastatic Colorectal Cancer
Authors: Cefali Marco ,   Oncology Institute of Southern Switzerland, EOC, Bellinzona, Switzerland, Palmarocchi Maria Celeste ,   Oncology Institute of Southern Switzerland, EOC, Bellinzona, Switzerland, Dosso Sara De ,   Oncology Institute of Southern Switzerland, EOC, Bellinzona, Switzerland,   Università della Svizzera Italiana, Lugano, Switzerland
Published: December 2022

Treatment of BRAF-mutant colorectal cancer (CRC) traditionally represents an unmet need, mainly due to its unfavourable prognostic outlook, limited options for targeted treatment and scarce benefit from epithelial growth-factor receptor (EGFR) inhibitors. Recently, the development of BRAF V600E inhibitors has expanded the therapeutic armamentarium, although exclusive targeting of BRAF has proved to be an unsuccessful strategy due to reactivation of the mitogen-activated protein kinase pathway through multiple escape mechanisms. Combination strategies that exploit simultaneous inhibition of BRAF, EGFR and/or mitogen-activated protein/extracellular signal-regulated kinase have achieved greater success, with the BEACON CRC trial providing the first evidence for an improvement in survival with a chemotherapy-free approach in pre-treated patients with CRC, leading to regulatory approval for the combination of encorafenib and cetuximab. Subsequent research efforts attempt to build on these foundations, exploring targeted maintenance strategies and conceivably moving the combination towards the first line of therapy soon, as well as laying the foundation for the use of liquid biopsy as a guidance tool in a precision oncology approach.
Is Triple Therapy the New Standard for Metastatic Hormone-sensitive Prostate Cancer?
Authors: Hack Joanna ,   Southampton Clinical Trials Unit, University of Southampton, Southampton General Hospital, Southampton, UK, Crabb Simon J ,   Southampton Clinical Trials Unit, University of Southampton, Southampton General Hospital, Southampton, UK
Published: December 2022

The treatment of metastatic hormone-sensitive prostate cancer has rapidly changed over the last decade. Currently, standard of care (SOC) options for first-line treatment are androgen deprivation therapy (ADT) in combination with either docetaxel chemotherapy or an androgen receptor pathway inhibitor such as abiraterone, enzalutamide or apalutamide. Recent results from both the PEACE-1 and ARASENS trials show an overall survival and progression-free survival benefit from the addition of an androgen-receptor pathway inhibitor for patients in whom the SOC option of ADT plus docetaxel has been chosen in de novo metastatic hormone-sensitive prostate cancer, with a more pronounced benefit in those with high-volume metastatic disease. However, many clinicians now preferentially use ADT plus an androgen-receptor pathway inhibitor as SOC first-line treatment, and no prospective trial has addressed whether there is a benefit from the addition of docetaxel to this version of SOC combination therapy. The benefit of triplet combination therapy in those with recurrent or low-volume metastatic disease is less clear and longer follow-up is required before conclusions can be drawn about these patient groups.
Clinical Utility of Human Papillomavirus Circulating Tumour DNA in Human Papillomavirus-positive Head and Neck Squamous Cell Carcinomas
Authors: Yun Karen M ,   Department of Hematology-Oncology, Moores Cancer Center, UC San Diego Health, La Jolla, CA, USA, Cohen Ezra ,   Department of Hematology-Oncology, Moores Cancer Center, UC San Diego Health, La Jolla, CA, USA
Published: December 2022

Human papillomavirus (HPV)-associated head and neck squamous cell carcinomas (HNSCCs) are a subtype of virally driven tumours with favourable responses to definitive therapy. However, disease relapse or progression is clinically challenging due to limited effective treatment options. Circulating tumour DNA (ctDNA) technology has emerged in the past decade, and it remains an active area of research in head and neck cancers. A variety of assays for the analysis of HPV ctDNA in patients with HPV-positive HNSCC have been developed and studied, though standardization in HPV ctDNA testing has yet to be established. Studies show promise in HPV ctDNA as a prognostic biomarker and predictor of treatment response and risk for recurrence. Growing evidence suggests that absolute HPV ctDNA quantification, as well as dynamic changes in HPV ctDNA concentration, can potentially inform outcomes and guide decisions about therapy. The aim of this article is to review the clinical utility of HPV ctDNA as a biomarker in HNSCC.
Management of Metastatic Triple-negative Breast Cancer: Focus on Targeted Therapies
Authors: Keenan Jennifer C ,   Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA, Ryan Phoebe K ,   Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA, Medford Arielle J ,   Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA, Spring Laura M ,   Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA, Bardia Aditya ,   Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
Published: December 2022

Triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) is a heterogeneous disease that is historically difficult to treat, but advances in molecular targeted therapies, including the use of antibodies, are changing the standard of care. Translational research over the years has revealed various actionable targets allowing TNBC to be subtyped in novel ways. In this article, we review the molecular targets that guide current management of patients with metastatic TNBC (mTNBC), including programmed death-ligand 1, germline BRCA1 and BRCA2 mutations, and the transmembrane glycoprotein Trop-2. These targets allow for the treatment of mTNBC with immunotherapy, poly(ADP-ribose)polymerase inhibitors, and antibody–drug conjugates (ADC), such as sacituzumab govitecan, the first ADC approved for the treatment of breast cancer. We also review upcoming therapies, such as datopotamab deruxtecan and trastuzumab deruxtecan. Although mTNBC is complex in nature, molecular studies are making treatments more personalized by identifying actionable targets in what was once thought to be a non-targetable disease.
Transporte resiliente al cambio climático: ¿cómo priorizar la inversión?: caso de República Dominicana
Authors: Olaya González Juan Camilo , Suardí Gómez Annette , Lefevre Benoit , Rodriguez Porcel Manuel
Published: December 2022

La República Dominicana se encuentra expuesta, por su localización geográfica, a una serie de amenazas de origen natural que afectan su población y su infraestructura. A su vez, el cambio climático es un fenómeno real sobre el cual el Sexto Reporte de Evaluación del Panel Intergubernamental de Cambio Climático (AR6 IPCC, 2022) determina que hay un “alto nivel de confianza” que puede afectar la magnitud y frecuencia de los eventos amenazantes y, por tanto, puede generar que los efectos sobre la población e infraestructura sean mayores a futuro en una escala global. La infraestructura de transporte, como carreteras, caminos o puentes, son un componente esencial del desarrollo socioeconómico del país e históricamente se ha visto comprometido por los efectos de amenazas de origen natural, tanto en daños físicos directos que debe reparar el Gobierno, como en pérdidas económicas de la sociedad civil por la no disponibilidad de carreteras, caminos y puentes, y/o por la necesidad de utilizar carreteras alternas para la logística de personas y carga.
Network Forensics Against Volumetric-Based Distributed Denial of Service Attacks on Cloud and the Edge Computing
Authors: Yudhana Anton , Riadi Imam , Suharti Sri
Published: December 2022

Cyber attacks are increasingly rampant and even damage the reputation of companies, agencies, and services. DDoS attacks have been overgrowing in the last year, which has resulted in substantial losses. Volumetric-based Distributed Denial of Service (DDoS) is a hazardous attack type because it can consume server resources, causing the server to be unable to serve customer requests. The network design consisting of hardware and software becomes the essential capital that is a determinant of the quality of a network in the long term. A firewall is one way to stop the occurrence of DDoS. Forensics and mitigation in this study apply Packet Filtering Firewall and Circuit Level Gateway Firewall against ICMP-Flood DDoS attacks. The research methodology is a simulated experiment on cloud and edge computing networks. Forensics and mitigation in cloud computing are carried out at layer 3, the Internet Protocol layer TCP/IP model, by applying a Packet-Filtering Firewall with a success rate of 64%-69% traffic reduction. In contrast, the success of reducing server resource usage is 73.75%. At the same time, Edge computing is carried out at layer 4, namely the Transport Protocol layer TCP/IP model, by applying a Circuit-Level Gateway Firewall with a success rate of reducing traffic by 55%-98.88%. In comparison, the success of lowering server resource usage is 96% and restoring traffic and paralyzed servers to normal position.
Kinetic model and kerosene surrogate for calculating gas turbine engine emission of carcinogenic hydrocarbons
Authors: Semenikhin A. S. , Idrisov D. V. , Chechet I. V. , Matveev S. G. , Lukachev S. V.
Published: December 2022

To calculate the emission of carcinogenic polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons by the combustion chambers of aircraft gas turbine engines, the A17 kinetic model has been developed, characterized by new blocks of elementary chemical reactions of hydrocarbon compounds oxidation and synthesis of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons. The results of model validation showed satisfactory agreement with the experimental data and the possibility of applying the model to describe combustion processes in gas turbine engine combustion chambers. A review and numerical study was carried out for 14 surrogates (model fuels) of aviation kerosene, the combustion of which can be described using the A17 model. Simulation of stabilized flame of a previously prepared mixture showed the effectiveness of Drexel, Liu, su4, UM1 surrogates, the predictions for which agree satisfactorily with the experimental data and provide the expected levels of concentration of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons. The calculations show the dependence of the concentration of the most carcinogenic polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon benzo(a)pyrene, and the ratio of the main combustion products CO2/H2O on the molar mass of the fuel. For the experimentally determined value of the molar mass of kerosene TS-1, the smallest deviation (up to 0.25%) is demonstrated by the su4 and UM1 surrogates. Due to the best predictive capability for the ignition delay time, normal flame propagation speed, pyrolysis and combustion products, the su4 and UM1 surrogates can be chosen to calculate the emission of carcinogenic polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons from aircraft gas turbine engine combustion chambers.
Formation of a rotating ring-shaped three-body tethered nanosatellite system with limited control
Authors: Chen Shumin , Zabolotnov Yu. M.
Published: December 2022

The problem of forming a rotating ring-shaped tethered system consisting of three nanosatellites is considered. To analyze the dynamics of the tether system, a mathematical model is developed in the orbital coordinate system using the Lagrange method. Using the sliding mode control method, two control programs for the deployment of tethers are proposed, in which tether tensions and thrust forces created by low-thrust engines are used as controls. In the first control program, the control actions are directly limited by the permissible limits of tether tensions forces and thrust forces, and when designing the second control program, an auxiliary dynamic system is added into the control system, which introduces control corrections that take into account the saturation effect. The stability of motion of the tethered formation system for both control programs is investigated using the Lyapunov theory. The results of numerical simulations confirmed the possibility of using the proposed control programs for the formation of a rotating triangular tethered system in the form of a regular triangle in the presence of disturbances and with account of the given constraints.
IMMANUEL KANT ABOUT THE LAW AND POSSIBILITIES OF ITS PERCEPTION
Authors: Maskin K. A.
Published: December 2022

The brief communication contains the research of Kants doctrine of law. The author analyses possibilities of perception of law, pays special attention to the Kants legal terminology such as definitions of personality, law, morality and categorical imperative.
JUDICIAL PRACTICE AS THE SOURCE OF RUSSIAN LAW
Authors: Karapetyan A. A.
Published: December 2022

In this article communication the recognition of judicial practice as one of the main sources of Russian law is discussed. Also bothpositive and negative sides of this fact are provided.
OFFICIAL AND UNOFFICIAL (COMMERCIAL) LEGAL REFERENCE SYSTEMS: THEIR INFORMATION AND REGULATORY VALUE
Authors: Ubasev V. V.
Published: December 2022

This article communication is devoted to such type of computer databases as legal reference systems. The issues of history of the beginning and development of these databases are viewed, information and regulatory value of such systems at the present stage of theirdevelopment is defined.
CONCEPT OF JUDICIAL REFORM OF 1991 AND MODERN CRIMINAL PROCEDURE CODE OF THE RUSSIAN FEDERATION: ACHIEVEMENTS AND PROBLEMS
Authors: Lantukh N. V.
Published: December 2022

The article discusses the features of the Concept of Judicial

Reform of 1991, its compliance with the Criminal Procedure

Code of the Russian Federation, progress and challenges in the

process of applying the Concept.
Design Optimization of Electrical Connector Assembly using FEA
Authors: Rohith Rajini , S Shivakumar , S J Niranjana , V Umesh , S M Darshan , Sasidhar Jangam
Published: December 2022

Due to the increasing number of devices and systems connected to an electric system, the need for reliable and high-quality electrical connectors has become more prevalent. This project aims to optimize the design of an electrical connector during its two most critical stages: insertion and retention of housing using FEA. A structural analysis is performed during the insertion and retention stages of housing. This process involves calculating the dimensional deformations and maximum strains developed during the steps mentioned above to determine the reliable functioning of electrical contacts. The input geometry is fed to the finite element analysis. The forces applied on the connector’s latch on their respective connection are ensured to be under the limit. The analysis and simulation results are reflected to validate the safe forces in the connector assembly and a proper justification for an experimental set up in the laboratory.
Cyclic Thermomechanical Analysis of Polyethylene Glycol Based Shape Memory Polymers
Authors: Swamy MK Ranganatha , Mallikarjun U S , Udayakumar V
Published: December 2022

Shape memory polymers (SMP’s) are a type of smart material that possess the ability to remember its original shape. Shape memory polymer quickly recovers to its original or permanent shape. As a result of these properties, SMPs can be used as sensors, actuators, and transplants, as well as auxiliary materials in a variety of applications. It has been used in a variety of domains over the previous two decades because to its shape memory capability, and its applications are growing at a quicker rate. Due to its biocompatibility, wide range of tunable stiffness, large deformation, large recovery, high elastic property, water vapour permeability, and multi responsive shape memory effect, memory polymers, polyurethanes are the most adaptable polymeric material. They offer several advantages over other types of shape memory materials, such as shape memory alloys, such as easier manufacturing, lighter weight, lower cost, larger recoverable strain, and lesser toxicity. When compared to shape memory alloys (SMA’s), SMPs have a few disadvantages, such as lower moduli, which results in lower recovery stresses, and longer response times. In some applications, a proper recovery stress derived from the elastic recovery stress created during the deformation process is crucial. There is no literature on how to synthesize SMP’s in an efficient manner. SMP’s and its classification in terms of their distinct qualities. This work focuses on the analysis of cyclic thermomechanical tests of linear SMP’s in order to address some of these problems. Form memory polymers were made using a two-step polymerization process in this study, with the composition of PEG 6000-IPDI-PEG600-BDO as 58wt%-42wt%-1ml-1ml respectively and the shape memory effect was assessed using a bend test. Cyclic thermomechanical analysis method involves tensile test procedure in thermal chamber with intermediate temperatures. Mechanical properties such as cyclic thermomechanical test, dynamic mechanical analysis, and tensile test are used in the validation process. In the primary cycle can be determined as for the sample 10 when we applied the load of 0.8 Mpa the strain was found as 200% the shape fixity and shape recovery values are 98.95 and 97.0 respectively.
Quality Management Systems Implementation In Tmeic Motor Factory
Authors: Chatterjee Chayan , Shankarprasad K R
Published: December 2022

This paper explains the implementation of Quality Management System right from the inception of factory. At first stage, to establish the plant quality system, Sample Motor Accomplishment Project (SMAP) was conceived. A CFT (Cross Functional Team) was formed so that quality systems are established at all functions viz. Design, PPC, SCM, Production, QAQC. The supplier quality evaluations were also performed to establish quality for outsourced parts. 5 Sample products covering the complete manufacturing range of motors were selected, the necessary regulations, QCP, WSS check-sheets, design standards, material standards, manufacturing standard documents were prepared as part of quality documents. The products were designed, manufactured, and tested complying to above stated quality documents. The entire process was validated and confirmed by Japan Technology Executive. The necessary awareness on Quality Management Systems, Internal auditor course were provided to concerned employees. In the second stage, Motor Factory decided to get the QMS certified as per ISO 9001-2015 standard. Accordingly, approached reputed international certifying agency, got the audit done and obtained QMS certification. The paper explains the initiatives taken to share the learnings constantly and upgrading the supplier know-how and know-why related to Quality Management Systems. The paper will also share few experimential learnings, best practices related to unified systems, new capabilities being added to the existing QMS Systems, analytic solutions to improve the system.
Ambulance Path Clearance System With Health Monitoring Using Internet of Things
Authors: Sateesh Aishwarya , K S Ankitha , K N Navyashree , B C Rakshitha , Murthy G N Keshava
Published: December 2022

Countless people’s lives are jeopardized in India’s crowded metropolitan metropolises due to ambulances stuck in traffic. Most of the time, commuters are unable to move in these traffic jams to make way for approaching ambulances which has become one of the most pressing issues in India. The main reason in the back of that is growing population which ends up in multiplied number of cars, due to which emergency provider like ambulance gets affected. This paper proposes a solution to make such offerings effortlessly available to those in need. It includes a software application referred to as Ambulance service through which the user can book the ambulance with one faucet and track the ambulance by using Google map on his device, we also use microcontroller-based hardware module to provide an easy flow for ambulance to attain the preferred destination This is achieved by using imposing RF technology which might automatically control the visitors alerts within the course of ambulance accordingly minimizing the time required to reach the destination. Besides this, a portable health monitoring device will be placed in the ambulance which will measure patient’s body temperature, blood pressure which will be displayed in the hospital’s webpage.
Outlook of Density Maximum on the Onset of Forchheimer-Bénard Convection with throughflow
Authors: . Sowbhagya
Published: December 2022

The vertical throughflow effect is investigated on the onset of porous convection by considering a cubic density-temperature relationship and using the Forchheimer-Darcy model. The stability eigenvalue problem is explained numerically using the Galerkin technique. Contrary to the linear density-temperature relationship, the direction of throughflow alters the onset of convection. The throughflow dependent Péclet number is found to stabilize the fluid motion against convection and the upflow is found to be either stabilizing or destabilizing than the downflow depending on the values of thermal condition parameters λ1 and λ2. A destabilizing effect on the onset is observed with increasing λ1 and λ2. The Darcy number Da and the Forchheimer drag co-efficient, cb instability characteristics have been investigated and depicted graphically.
QSPR Analysis of Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons
Authors: Sarkar Ishita , Manjunath N. , Ramesha K.
Published: December 2022

Topological indices serve as a crucial component in chemical graph theory linked with some molecular structure. The First and Second Zagreb Indices are one among the earliest and extensively explored molecular descriptors. The study on equitable zagreb indices have been initiated earlier by Akram Alqesmah, Anwar Alwardi and R. Rangarajan based on the equitable degree of the vertices. In this paper, we introduce the first and second equitable and non-equitable zagreb polynomials and compute the exact values of the respective equitable and non-equitable zagreb indices for polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons. We have also utilised certain formulations for the determination of the corresponding relative equitable and non-equitable zagreb indices of the chemical graph. Further, QSPR analysis is carried out for the topological indices with regard to the physico-chemical properties of the polycyclic hydrocarbon molecules.
Green Synthesis of MgO Nanoparticles Using Caesalpinia Sappan Seeds and their Application for Direct Conversion of Alcohol to Azide
Authors: Lalithamba H. S. , Divyarani K. , Sreenivasa S. , Madhu Chakrapani Rao T.
Published: December 2022

Azides have been considered as one of the energy rich functional groups as they are prominent precursors for reactive species like nitrenes and nitrenium ions. Also, they were utilized in synthesis of triazoles, triazolines and triazenes. The present work reports an eco- friendly synthesis of MgO NPs by utilizing Caesalpinia Sappan seeds as a novel fuel by solution combustion method. Multiple characterization techniques encompassing FTIR, UV- visible, XRD and SEM were used to study physico-chemical properties of synthesized MgO NPs. A convenient synthesis of amino alcohol via mixed anhydride method was carried out in the first step. Further, amino alkyl azide has been synthesized under mild condition by using the green synthesized MgO nanoparticles as a catalyst along with the addition of 2-azido-1,3-dimethylimidazolinium hexafluorophosphate, a safe, stable and efficient diazo transfer reagent. Structures of newly synthesized compounds were well characterized by HRMS, Proton and C-13 analysis techniques.
Investigations into Effect of Cutting Conditions On Surface Roughness Under MQL Turning of AISI 4340 by ANN Models
Authors: Powar Prashant Prakash
Published: December 2022

Enormous usage of cutting fluid in industries is reporting the issues related to health of employee, environmental pollution which promotes the Minimum Quantity Lubrication (MQL). The study reports surface roughness modelling in CNC turning under minimum quantity lubrication of EN 24, taking into account effect of cutting environment, cutting conditions using artificial neural networks (ANN). The optimisation of models are processed using the input-output data sets, ANN model, the repetitions in training the neural network, rate, hidden nodes and the training function. ANN analysis with multilayer feed forward structure under MATLAB is adopted in the analysis. Finally, After the training, the ANN is tested in order to evaluate its predictive and generalization performances. Testing the ANN is carried out by applying a new input data set, which was not included in the training process. The well known statistical tools coefficient of determination is used for this benchmarking. The adequacy of the ANN is evaluated by considering the coefficient of correlation (R).
Modelling, Temperature Analysis, and Mechanical Properties of Friction Stir Welding of Al-Cu Joints with Hardened OHNS Steel Tools
Authors: Raj Anil , Kumar J Pratap , K Ramesha , Rout Ivan Sunit
Published: December 2022

Friction stir welding (FSW) is a nearly modern welding method with vital advantages over the conventional welding process, such as lower distortion, enhanced mechanical properties, and eco- friendly. In FSW, the joint characteristics mainly depend on heat development during the joining process due to its solid-state joining method. The basic principles of thermomechanical methods during FSW are unknown since it is a new metal joining method. In this investigation, the 2D and 3D models of the tools with different pin forms were designed using SOLIDWORKS. The ANSYS software was used to investigate the temperature distributions near the weld zones. The fixture was designed and made according to the machine conditions. The base plates used were AA6101 and C11000; the tool material used was the Hardened OHNS steel tool with square and circular pin form. The temperature values were measured in each trial while joining of Al-Cu base plates along the weld line. The results reveal that in the joint area, a trial with high temperature leads to high ultimate tensile strength (UTS) and Charpy impact strength (CIS). Made at tool rotation speed 1200 rpm and feed velocity 20 mm/min of Hardened OHNS steel tool with circular pin form. The obtained UTS value at joints was less than that of Al and Cu base plates. The microhardness value detected at the joint area was higher than the Al and Cu base plates, providing high strength, and irregularly dispersed.
Performance Analysis of Solar Water Heater with Various Working Fluids
Authors: Vimal S. V. , Surya S. S.
Published: December 2022

Optimized design of a solar water heater for effective heat transfer and the performance analysis was carried out in the present study. An experimental and theoretical performance of the system with an integrated heat pipe is evaluated for the same. The system uses a heat pipe with a wick to transmit heat from evaporator to the tank. The thermal behaviour of different parts of the system is analyzed. A sequence of tests are done on the heat pipe solar water heating system and thermosyphon water heating system to stimulate better configuration. The thermal efficiency of the system is optimized for maximum heat transfer using analytical techniques. Results show good thermal performance characteristics. Computation of various design parameters of heat pipe system related to the collection and consumption of solar energy are also conducted. Further, the exergy analysis and comparison of performance analysis of solar heat pipe collector with flat plate collector is also done.
Experimental Investigation on Comparing Mechanical Properties in 3D Printed Polymers by Varying Process Parameter
Authors: Aveen K. P. , Londe Neelakantha V. , Vikas K. , Lettigar Suman Yadav , Kishan Kumar V. , Jagdish Dhananjay
Published: December 2022

The Desktop 3D printing is a quickly emergent additive manufacturing process due to its capacity to build complex geometry functional parts. Polymer filaments are used as a raw material for building various functional parts. 3D printing process parameters influence the mechanical properties of a built part. The present study investigate the effect of process parameters like layer thickness and layup speed on the mechanical properties of PLA, Bronze filled PLA and ABS samples manufactured with a low cost 3D printer. Tensile and flexural tests based on ASTM D638 and ASTM D760 standards were performed, respectively to determine the mechanical response of the printed specimens. With respect to the layup speed and layer thickness, it is found PLA has better tensile and flexural properties compared to ABS and Bronze filled PLA.