bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Photodegradation and biodegradation of dissolved organic
matter on the surface of the Greenland Ice Sheet
Authors: Nicholes Miranda J. , Williamson Christopher , Tranter Martyn , Holland Alexandra , Yallop Marian , Anesio Alexandre
Published: July 2020

Abstract. The surface (supraglacial) environment of the Greenland Ice Sheet (GrIS) is an active site for the storage, transformation and transport of carbon, which is driven by extremely high levels of solar radiation throughout the ablation season. Within the south west of the GrIS, blooms of Streptophyte micro-algae (hereafter glacier algae) at abundances of ~ 105 cell mL−1 dominate primary production in the surface ice and provide dissolved organic matter (DOM) to the heterotrophic bacterial community. Glacier algae contain photoprotective secondary phenolic pigment that comprises a large proportion of the cell (~ 4 % of the dry weight) and could represent a substantial, additional carbon source for the heterotrophic community. The transformation and degradation of DOM by solar radiation (photodegradation) and heterotrophic communities (biodegradation) represent two crucial controls on DOM composition and quantity; however, the influence of these processes within the surface ice is yet to be constrained. This study therefore assessed responses in the composition and quantity of two carbon sources (glacier algae secondary pigment and surface ice DOM) following exposure to UV, PAR, UV+PAR (photodegradation) and subsequent incubation with bacterial communities isolated from the ambient environment (biodegradation). Our results indicate that exposure to predominantly UV radiation altered the composition of glacier algal pigment and surface ice DOM; however, the quantity of DOM remained constant. Biodegradation caused the greatest changes to both DOM composition and quantity, particularly in surface ice DOM. Secondary pigment extracted from glacier algae was not a highly bioavailable source of carbon and did not support significant growth of surface ice heterotrophic bacterial communities. Conversely, low molecular weight compounds in surface ice DOM were rapidly utilised by heterotrophic bacteria supporting between a 3 and 9-fold increase in bacterial abundance over a 30-day incubation. We found that photodegradation of glacier algal pigment and surface ice DOM did not influence heterotrophic consumption. Photodegradation and biodegradation of DOM in the surface ice habitat are likely intimately linked and act as fundamental controls on the composition and quantity of DOM exported to downstream environments.
Surface and subsurface Labrador Shelf water mass conditions during the last 6000 years
Authors: Lochte Annalena A. , Schneider Ralph , Kienast Markus , Repschläger Janne , Blanz Thomas , Garbe-Schönberg Dieter , Andersen Nils
Published: July 2020

Abstract. The Labrador Sea is important for the modern global
thermohaline circulation system through the formation of intermediate
Labrador Sea Water (LSW) that has been hypothesized to stabilize the modern
mode of North Atlantic deep-water circulation. The rate of LSW formation is
controlled by the amount of winter heat loss to the atmosphere, the expanse
of freshwater in the convection region and the inflow of saline waters from
the Atlantic. The Labrador Sea, today, receives freshwater through the East
and West Greenland currents (EGC, WGC) and the Labrador Current (LC).
Several studies have suggested the WGC to be the main supplier of freshwater
to the Labrador Sea, but the role of the southward flowing LC in Labrador
Sea convection is still debated. At the same time, many paleoceanographic
reconstructions from the Labrador Shelf focussed on late deglacial to early
Holocene meltwater run-off from the Laurentide Ice Sheet (LIS), whereas
little information exists about LC variability since the final melting of
the LIS about 7000 years ago. In order to enable better assessment of the
role of the LC in deep-water formation and its importance for Holocene
climate variability in Atlantic Canada, this study presents high-resolution
middle to late Holocene records of sea surface and bottom water
temperatures, freshening, and sea ice cover on the Labrador Shelf during the
last 6000 years. Our records reveal that the LC underwent three major
oceanographic phases from the mid- to late Holocene. From 6.2 to 5.6 ka,
the LC experienced a cold episode that was followed by warmer conditions
between 5.6 and 2.1 ka, possibly associated with the late Holocene
thermal maximum. While surface waters on the Labrador Shelf cooled
gradually after 3 ka in response to the neoglaciation, Labrador Shelf
subsurface or bottom waters show a shift to warmer temperatures after 2.1 ka. Although such an inverse stratification by cooling of surface and
warming of subsurface waters on the Labrador Shelf would suggest a
diminished convection during the last 2 millennia compared to the
mid-Holocene, it remains difficult to assess whether hydrographic conditions
in the LC have had a significant impact on Labrador Sea deep-water
formation.
A Sample Characterization Toolkit for Carbonate U-Pb
Geochronology
Authors: Rasbury E. Troy , Present Theodore M. , Northrup Paul , Tappero Ryan V. , Lanzirotti Antonio , Cole Jennifer M. , Wooton Kathleen , Hatton Kevin
Published: July 2020

Abstract. Laser ablation U-Pb analyses of carbonate (LAcarb) samples has greatly expanded the potential for U-Pb dating to a variety of carbonate producing settings. Carbonates that were previously considered impossible to date using isotope dilution methods may preserve domains that are favorably interrogated when using spatially resolved laser ablation geochronology techniques. Work is ongoing to identify reference materials and to consider best practices for LAcarb. In this study we apply standard and emerging characterization toolsets on three natural samples with the dual goal of enhancing the study of carbonates and in establishing a new set of precisely characterized natural standards for LAcarb studies. We start with the existing carbonate reference material WC-1 from the Permian Reef Complex of Texas, building on the published description to offer a deeper look at U and fluids. We consider a tufa sample from the Miocene Barstow Formation of the Mojave Block, California, as a possible secondary calcite reference material due to its well-behaved U/Pb systematics. There are currently no natural dolomite standards. We present an unusual dolomite sample with very well-behaved U-Pb systematics from the Miocene of the Turkana Basin of Kenya as a possible dolomite reference material for LAcarb dating. In addition to using XRF mapping and spectroscopy to better understand U in these natural samples, we have analyzed multiple aliquots of each of them for 87Sr/86Sr. The Sr isotope compositions are reasonably homogeneous in all three samples, so that these could be used as Sr isotope standards as well. This combination could streamline split stream analyses of 87Sr/86Sr and U/Pb geochronology.
PMIP4 experiments using MIROC-ES2L Earth System Model
Authors: Ohgaito Rumi , Yamamoto Akitomo , Hajima Tomohiro , O'ishi Ryouta , Abe Manabu , Tatebe Hiroaki , Abe-Ouchi Ayako , Kawamiya Michio
Published: July 2020

Abstract. Following the protocol of the fourth phase of the Paleoclimate Modeling Intercomparison Project (PMIP4), we performed numerical experiments targeting distinctive past time periods using the Model for Interdisciplinary Research on Climate Earth System Model (MIROC-ES2L), which is an Earth System Model. Setup and basic performance of the experiments are presented. The Last Glacial Maximum was one of the most extreme climate states during the Quaternary and conducting numerical modeling experiments of this period has long been a challenge for the paleoclimate community. We conducted a Last Glacial Maximum experiment with a long spin-up of nearly 9,000 years. Globally, there is reasonable agreement between the anomalies relative to present day derived from model climatology and those derived from proxy data archives while some regional discrepancies remain. By changing orbital and greenhouse gas forcings, we conducted experiments for two interglacial periods: 6,000 and 127,000 years before present. Model anomalies relative to present day are qualitatively consistent with variations in solar forcing. However, anomalies in the model are smaller than those derived from proxy data archives, suggesting that processes that play a role in past interglacial climates are still missing in this state-of-the-art model. We conducted transient simulations from 850 CE to 1850 CE and from 1850 CE to 2014 CE. Cooling in the model indicates clear responses to huge volcanic eruptions, which are consistent with paleo-proxy data. The contrast between cooling during the Little Ice Age and warming during the 20th to 21st centuries is well represented at the multi-decadal time scale.
Evolution and dynamics of the vertical temperature profile in an oligotrophic lake
Authors: Klaić Zvjezdana B. , Babić Karmen , Orlić Mirko
Published: July 2020

Abstract. In this study, the fine-scale responses of a stratified oligotrophic karstic lake (Kozjak Lake,
Plitvice Lakes, Croatia; the lake fetch is 2.3 km, and the maximum depth is 46 m) to
atmospheric forcing on the lake surface are investigated. Lake temperatures measured at
a resolution of 2 min at 15 depths ranging from 0.2 to 43 m, which were observed
during the 6 July–5 November 2018 period, were analyzed. The results show thermocline deepening
from 10 m at the beginning of the observation period to 16 m at the end of the observation period, where
the latter depth corresponds to approximately one-third of the lake depth. The pycnocline followed the
same pattern, except that the deepening occurred throughout the entire period approximately
1 m above the thermocline. On average, thermocline deepening was 3–4 cm d−1,
while the maximum deepening (12.5 cm d−1) coincided with the occurrence of internal
seiches. Furthermore, the results indicate three different types of forcings on the lake surface; two of these forcings have diurnal periodicity – (1) continuous heat fluxes and (2) occasional
periodic stronger winds – whereas forcing (3) corresponds to occasional nonperiodic stronger winds with steady along-basin directions. Continuous heat fluxes (1) produced forced diurnal
oscillations in the lake temperature within the first 5 m of the lake throughout the
entire observation period. Noncontinuous periodic stronger winds (2) resulted in occasional
forced diurnal oscillations in the lake temperatures at depths from approximately 7 to
20 m. Occasional strong and steady along-basin winds (3) triggered both baroclinic
internal seiches with a principal period of 8.0 h and barotropic surface seiches with
a principal period of 9 min. Lake currents produced by the surface seiches under
realistic-topography conditions generated baroclinic oscillations of the thermocline region (at
depths from 9 to 17 m) with periods corresponding to the period of surface seiches
(≈ 9 min), which, to the best of our knowledge, has not been reported in previous
lake studies.
Sensitivity and identifiability of rheological parameters in debris flow modeling
Authors: Zegers Gerardo , Mendoza Pablo A. , Garces Alex , Montserrat Santiago
Published: July 2020

Abstract. Over the past decades, several numerical models have been developed to understand, simulate and predict debris flow events. Typically, these models simplify the complex interactions between water and solids using a single-phase approach and different rheological models to represent flow resistance. In this study, we perform a sensitivity analysis on the parameters of a debris flow numerical model (FLO-2D) for a suite of relevant variables (i.e., maximum flood area, maximum flow velocity, maximum height and deposit volume). Our aims are to (i) examine the degree of model overparameterization and (ii) assess the effectiveness of observational constraints to improve parameter identifiability. We use the Distributed Evaluation of Local Sensitivity Analysis (DELSA) method, which is a hybrid local–global technique. Specifically, we analyze two creeks in northern Chile (∼29∘ S, 70∘ W) that were affected by debris flows on 25 March 2015. Our results show that SD (surface detention) and β1 (a parameter related to viscosity) provide the largest sensitivities. Further, our results demonstrate that equifinality is present in FLO-2D and that the final deposited volume and maximum flood area contain considerable information to identify model parameters.
Ventilation of the northern Baltic Sea
Authors: Neumann Thomas , Siegel Herbert , Moros Matthias , Gerth Monika , Kniebusch Madline , Heydebreck Daniel
Published: July 2020

Abstract. The Baltic Sea is a semi-enclosed, brackish water sea in northern Europe. The deep basins of the central Baltic Sea regularly show hypoxic conditions. In contrast, the northern parts of the Baltic Sea, the Bothnian Sea and Bothnian Bay, are well oxygenated. Lateral inflows or a ventilation due to convection are possible mechanisms for high oxygen concentrations in the deep water of the northern Baltic Sea. In March 2017, conductivity–temperature–depth (CTD) profiles and bottle samples, ice core samples, and brine were collected in the Bothnian Bay. In addition to hydrographic standard parameters, light absorption has been measured in all samples. A complementary numerical model simulation provides quantitative estimates of the spread of newly formed bottom water. The model uses passive and age tracers to identify and trace different water masses. Observations indicate a recent ventilation of the deep bottom water at one of the observed stations. The analysis of observations and model simulations shows that the Bothnian Bay is ventilated by dense water formed due to mixing of Bothnian Sea and Bothnian Bay surface water initializing lateral inflows. The observations show the beginning of the inflow and the model simulation demonstrates the further northward spreading of bottom water. These events occur during wintertime when the water temperature is low. Brine rejected during ice formation barely contributes to dense bottom water.
Carbon Footprint of Municipal Solid Waste Management in Guelph City, Ontario
Authors: Mohsen Riham A. , Abbassi Bassim , Dutta Animesh , Gordon David
Published: July 2020

More light is being shed continually on the environmental impacts of municipal solid waste due to the increasing amounts of waste generated and the related greenhouse gas emissions. Emissions from MSW account for 20% of Canadian greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions and accordingly, waste
legislation in Ontario demands high waste recovery and a moving towards a circular economy. This study evaluates the current municipal solid waste management in the City of Guelph and assesses possible alternative scenarios based on the associated GHG emissions. Waste Reduction Model (WARM)
that was developed by the US-EPA has been used to quantify the GHG emissions produced over the entire life cycle of the MSW management scenario. Sensitivity analysis was also conducted to investigate the influence of some scenarios on the overall GHG emissions. It has been found that one ton
of landfilled waste generates approximately 0.39 ton of carbon dioxide equivalent (CO2Eq). It was also found that the current solid waste scenario has a saving of 36086 million ton of CO2Eq (MCO2Eq). However, the results showed that the scenario with enhanced
waste-to-energy, reduction at source and recycling has resulted in a high avoided emissions (0.74 kg CO2Eq/kg MSW). The anaerobic Digestion scenario caused the lowest avoided emissions of 0.39 kg CO2Eq/kg MSW. The net avoided emissions for reduction at source scenario
were found to be the same as that found by the current scenario (0.4 kg CO2Eq/kg MSW). The sensitivity analysis of both reduction at source and recycling rates show a linear inverse proportional relationship with total GHG emissions reduction.
Investigating the International Normalized Ratio Thresholds for Complication in Shoulder Arthroplasty
Authors: Sivasundaram Lakshmanan , Raji Yazdan , Mengers Sunita R. P. , Trivedi Nikunj N. , Du Jerry , Karns Michael R. , Voos James E. , Lee Adrienne , Gillespie Robert J.
Published: July 2020

Background:

In patients on warfarin anticoagulation therapy, elective shoulder arthroplasty surgeons must carefully balance bleeding and embolic risks. Currently, an international normalized ratio (INR) threshold of 1.5 is supported in the setting of elective surgery. However, no previous study has investigated the optimal preoperative INR target specifically in shoulder arthroplasty. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the association of preoperative INR with rates of transfusion, complication, and readmission/revision surgery in shoulder arthroplasty.

Methods:

Patients who underwent elective shoulder arthroplasty were identified in a national database. The primary outcome of interest was the risk for all-cause complication at 30 days postoperatively. Major and minor complication, revision surgery, and readmission rates were also investigated.

Results:

From 2006 to 2016, 1,014 procedures were identified who had undergone elective shoulder arthroplasty with a perioperative INR lab result within 24 hours of surgery. In our cohort, 550 patients (54.2%) were women, with an average age of 71.0 ± 9.8 years. After controlling for confounders, patients with a preoperative INR > 1.5 were 18.9 times as likely to have a major complication as those with a preoperative INR ≤ 1.0 (P = 0.003). Patients with an INR of 1.25 < INR ≤ 1.5 did not have a statistically significant risk of minor or major complication in comparison with those with an INR ≤ 1.0 (P = 0.23, P = 0.67).

Discussion:

Although recent hip and knee arthroplasty literature has found that an INR < 1.25 may be an optimal preoperative INR goal, our results did not find an increased risk for bleeding and complication with an INR ≤ 1.5 for shoulder arthroplasty. These results support current guidelines recommending a preoperative INR ≤ 1.5 for shoulder arthroplasty.
Reviewer Acknowledgements for Applied Physics Research, Vol. 12, No. 3
Authors: Chen William
Published: July 2020

Reviewer Acknowledgements for Applied Physics Research, Vol. 12, No. 3, 2020
Competition in Markets for Ancillary Services? The Implications of Rising Distributed Generation
Authors: Pollitt Michael G. , Anaya Karim L.
Published: July 2020

Ancillary services are electricity products which include balancing energy, frequency regulation, voltage support, constraint management and reserves. Traditionally they have been procured by system operators from large conventional power plants, as by-products of the production of energy. This paper discusses the use of markets to procure ancillary services in the face of potentially higher demand for them, caused by rising amounts of intermittent renewable generation.We discuss: the nature of markets for ancillary services; what we really mean by ancillary services; how they are impacted by the rise of distributed generation; how they are currently procured; how they relate to the rest of the electricity system; the current state of evidence on ancillary services markets; whether these markets ever be as competitive as conventional wholesale energy markets, and offer some conclusions.
The basics of determining the coefficients of a linear correlation
Authors: Śleszyński Zbigniew
Published: July 2020

The aim of the paper is to present the basic measures related to the analysis of relationships between quantitative variables used in econometric modelling and their selected applications. The following measures are discussed: the Pearson correlation coefficient, the multivariate correlation coefficient, coefficient of determination, partial correlation coefficient and semi-partial correlation coefficient. A homogeneous approach is applied to the measures presented. Each is defined as a linear correlation coefficient of relevant vectors derived from regression equations. Additionally, mutual relations between the coefficients are described. Bordered matrices have been applied to the calculations, which significantly simplified the process, while the Statistica 13.3 PL program was used to verify the correctness of the calculations. The issue is illustrated in the model of regression of salary growth in Poland in the years 2001–2019 with four covariates, estimated using the least squares method.
Methods used to prevent loss of contactless track stability
Authors: Pokropski Dominik
Published: July 2020

The article is about the issue of maintaining a contactless track. Due to the forces occurring
in the track, arising from both temperature changes and from rolling stock rolling on the track, it is
necessary to monitor a displacement of rail tracks and stress in rails. The article presents a summary
of the methods for monitoring the contactless track condition. The comparison of the methods was
also presented, showing the pros and cons of each of them.
Keywords: contactless track, contactless track buckling, track stress
Measuring system for comprehensive testing of electrical machines
Authors: Biernat Adam , Przyborowski Włodzimierz
Published: July 2020

The article presents a measuring system designed for a comprehensive experimental testing
of various types of electric machines. These tests include measurements of electrical, electromagnetic,
kinematic, as well as mechanical and thermal quantities.
The basic measurements of electrical machines include currents and voltages in electrical circuits,
including voltages on resistive and generally impedance elements of these circuits, and induced voltages.
Depending on the machine class and type, the measured values are constant or change over time. Some
magnitudes of electromagnetic transformations are measured in the area of machine construction. In
addition, the parameters of the measured values of the type of signal discriminants (average, effective
and maximum values) and their waveforms are presented.
Due to the wide range of machine state parameters, i.e. its state variables - in different load states, the
multiplicity of these signals and the need to know their different characteristics, it becomes necessary to
use individually adopted signal processing subsystems, i.e. signal acquisition systems, in the measuring
systems. It is now possible thanks to the development in the CAM (Computer Aided Measurement)
programming, for example using the graphical programming language of the integrated LabVIEW
system. The article also presents examples of subsystems for the acquisition of measurements of nonelectromagnetic
signals like vibrational and acoustic ones generated in machines.
Keywords: electric machines, measurements, measuring system
The Effect of Tin Compounds on the Lipid Peroxidation Level of Russian Sturgeon Fresh and Cryopreserved Sperm
Authors: Kolyada Margarita , Osipova Victoria , Berberova Nadezhda , Pimenov Yuri
Published: July 2020

The effect of organotin compounds (OTs) on the accumulation of the lipid peroxidation (LPO) carbonyl by-products, which react with thiobarbituric acid (TBARS) in fresh and cryopreserved sperm of Russian sturgeon, was studied. It was found that incubation (1 hour) of Russian sturgeon sperm with OTs (CH3SnCl3, (CH3)2SnCl2, (CH3)3SnCl, (n-C4H9)2SnCl2, (n-C4H9)3SnCl, (C6H5)2SnCl2, (C6H5)3SnCl) in concentration 0.1 mM led to the promotion of the accumulation of TBARS in native semen. Dimethyl- (DMT) and diphenyltin dichlorides (DPT) exhibited the greatest promoting activity, and the LPO level of both native and cryopreserved sperm of Russian sturgeon, including those in modified Stein's cryomedium, increased in the presence of these compounds. It was found that Russian sturgeon's cryopreserved sperm had lower sensitivity to the promotion of sperm LPO by DMT and DPT compared with the native sperm. The protective effect of Stein’s cryomedium decreased in the presence of the studied OTs. The results suggest that accumulation of OTs by gonad of fish is another stress factor affecting the cell productivity in the cryopreservation process.
Workers’ Definitions of the Characteristics That Comprise Good Work: A Qualitative Analysis
Authors: Hattrup Steven H. , Edwards Mark , Funk Kenneth H.
Published: July 2020

Managers and work design engineers seek to improve productivity while maintaining sustainable and viable organizations. This study provides new information for such practitioners to do that while informing theoretical reflections on what constitutes “good work”. Using an inductive qualitative approach, we describe results of a study of 30 in-depth interviews with full-time workers in the Western United States representing a wide range of occupations. We allow workers to generate their concepts about what constitutes good work and compare this with their reactions to prompts derived from existing research. The three most common job characteristics that workers say are important are (1) positive interactions with people, (2) work that provides social value, and (3) control over work. This study adds to extant quantitative studies of work design characteristics because it provides workers’ spontaneous yet coherent perspectives and demonstrates where those agree or not with prior findings. For example, our study reveals that workers strongly distinguish between two kinds of feedback at work: feedback from impersonal systems (e.g., equipment displays) and feedback from managers and other employees. Our study also finds newly emerging characteristics that have yet to be adequately addressed in assessing “good work”: effective and ethical management, job stability, and mutual trust.
Das globale Unten: Die Konstruktion eines globalen medizinischen Südens in den USA
Authors: Hanrieder Tine
Published: July 2020

Der Beitrag diskutiert Vorstellungen von Globalität in Theorie und Praxis der global governance. Er stellt der Idee einer globalen Gemeinschaft, wie sie in Theorien der global governance und der Internationalen Beziehungen (IB) vorherrscht, eine sozialgeographische Sicht gegenüber, die die Konstruktion postnationaler Raumhierarchien herausarbeitet. Am Beispiel der Konstruktion von sogenannten globalen Orten in der US Medizin zeige ich, wie auf diskursiver, institutioneller und politikprogrammatischer Ebene heimische Peripherien in einen globalen medizinischen Süden eingemeindet werden. Der Rückgriff aufs Globale normalisiert in diesem Kontext Ungleichheiten im eigenen Land, die durch räumliche Konnotationen aus der Entwicklungspolitik noch natürlicher erscheinen.
POSSIBILIDADES DE USO DOS DISPOSITIVOS TOUCHSCREEN PARA PESSOAS COM PARALISIA CEREBRAL: UMA REVISÃO BIBLIOGRÁFICA
Authors: Savioli Marques Tavares Carolina , Scoz Murilo
Published: July 2020

Considerando a paralisia cerebral, disfunção motora mais comum na infância, esta pesquisa objetivou observar e identificar pesquisas atuais acerca do uso de dispositivos touchscreen como tecnologias assistivas voltadas às disfunções motoras finas de indivíduos com este acometimento. A exploração se deu por uma revisão bibliográfica sistemática realizada nas bases de dados Scopus, Proquest e Web of Science, com a qual encontrou-se artigos que abordaram questões acerca das interfaces, tipos de interação, testes com dispositivos touchscreen e tecnologias assistivas alternativas e aplicativos. Com os resultados obtidos, apresenta-se informações relevantes à usabilidade e inclusão deste público.
Præsident Putins tale ved annekteringen af Krim
Authors: Putin Vladimir , Poulsen-Hansen Lars P.
Published: July 2020

Den 18. marts talte Præsident Putin til medlemmerne af Statsdumaen ovenpå udviklingen i Krim. I talen betonede han det historiske forhold mellem Krim og Rusland.
EU og Ukraine: Muligheder mod øst
Authors: Jensen Peter Munk
Published: July 2020

Siden murens fald har EU engageret sig i Ukraine. Krisen i det store land mod øst har tydeligjort hvor vigtig EUs østlige grænse er, ikke kun sikkerhedspolitisk, men også i forhold til menneskerettigheder.
Skotland stemmer om selvstændighed
Authors: Larsen Henrik
Published: July 2020

Skotland går til folkeafstemning til september om uafhængighed eller fortsat tilknytning til England, Wales og Nordirland. Henrik Larsen trækker fronterne op.
Vladimir Putin i München
Authors: Putin Vladimir , Poulsen-Hansen Lars P.
Published: July 2020

Under den årlige Wehrkunde-konference i München holdt Ruslands præsident Vladimir Putin den 10. februar en tale, der fik Vesten til at tale om en ny kold krig.
Saddam Hussein 1937-2006
Authors: Lykke Nielsen Helle
Published: July 2020

Nekrolog  

En af verdens mest brutale og hensynsløse diktatorer er blevet henrettet ved en irakisk domstol
Kaukasus: Mellem stjernestøv og ragnarok
Authors: Maegaard Benedicte
Published: July 2020

Intet resumé
Muhammed-krisen og den danske dualisme
Authors: Branner Hans
Published: July 2020

Intet resumé
Libanons store spørgsmål igen i fokus
Authors: Seeberg Peter
Published: July 2020

Intet resumé
Tyrkiets udenrigspolitik
Authors: Percinel Selim , Alfoneh Ali
Published: July 2020

Intet resumé
Historisk mulighed for tættere samarbejde
Authors: Haarder Bertel
Published: July 2020

Vi belyser det nordiske forsvarssamarbejde fra fem forskellige vinkler med bidrag fra Bertel Haarder om nordisk udenrigs- og sikkerhedspolitisk samarbejde.
Økonomisk diplomati får stigende betydning
Authors: Nielsen Svend Roed
Published: July 2020

Apropos diplomati, så fokuserer man i udenrigsministerier verden over i stadig højere grad på økonomisk diplomati. Svend Roed Nielsen fortæller om begrebet.
Replik: Ib Faurbys lukkede anmeldelse
Authors: Jensen Bent , Jensen Martin Kryhl
Published: July 2020

Intet resumé
Den populære krig?
Authors: Udenrigs Redaktion
Published: July 2020

Fra redaktionen
Kold krig på kniven
Authors: Kulavig Erik
Published: July 2020

Noter i marginen
Aktivisme på tjekkisk
Authors: Hjortsø Thomas
Published: July 2020

Tjekkiet fører sin helt egen aktivistiske udenrigspolitik, der er baseret på dissidenternes erfaring fra den kommunistiske fortid, og som derfor lægger afgørende vægt på støtte til demokratisering, især i tjekkiets nærområde.
Udvikling af national identitet i Island
Authors: Hálfdanarson Gudmundur
Published: July 2020

Islandske politikere fortsætter med at læse landets historie igennem nationalismens briller, hvor nutiden – uanset hvor forskellig den er fra fortiden – bliver set som en naturlig konsekvens af sagaernes store fortællinger.
Fejlslagen indsats som global samspilsaktør
Authors: Hansen Ole Poul
Published: July 2020

Inddragelse af den afrikanske arbejdsstyrke i den globale arbejdsstyrke vil givetvis kunne placere Afrika i den internationale arbejdsdeling – og Danmark kan yde et væsentligt bidrag.
EU’s våbenembargo mod Kina
Authors: Kogan Eugene
Published: July 2020

EU’s stats- og regeringschefer er lige så splittede som de altid har været, men spørgsmålet er ikke længere, hvorvidt embargoen vil blive hævet, men hvornår og på hvilke betingelser.
Fukuyamas opgør med neo-konservatismen
Authors: Joenniemi Perrti
Published: July 2020

Intet resumé
Demokratisk fedtspilleri
Authors: Udenrigs Redaktion
Published: July 2020

Verdenshavet og Frederiksholms Kanal
Den ignorante presse
Authors: Kyrø Øjvind
Published: July 2020

Noter i marginen
Syv nye søstre
Authors: Jerichow Anders
Published: July 2020

Intet resumé
Rusland går til valg
Authors: Poulsen-Hansen Lars P.
Published: July 2020

Valgkampen forud for Dumavalget er begyndt. Omkring ti partier forventes at stille op, men ifølge det oppositionelle politiske ugeblad Novoje Vremja er den russiske befolkning overbevist om, at hverken valgkampen eller valget vil få indflydelse på deres hverdag.
Jordansk lokalvalg med nationale implikationer
Authors: Valbjørn Morten
Published: July 2020

Intet resumé
Libanon: The Coalition of the Unwilling
Authors: Oest Kajsa Ji Noe
Published: July 2020

Hvilken betydning har det for fremtidige fredsbevarende indsatser, at det var så svært at samle 15.000 soldater til en så ukontroversiel operation som i Libanon 2006?
Kulavigs eventyr
Authors: Jensen Bent
Published: July 2020

Fodnote i marginen
Forenklet traktat – kompliceret løsning
Authors: Boel Erik
Published: July 2020

Med ‘Lissabon-traktaten’ lægger EU grunden til et mere demokratisk, åbent og handlekraftigt samarbejde. Samtidig vil traktaten forhåbentlig muliggøre, at Unionen i stigende grad bliver i stand til at tale med én stemme på verdensarenaen.
ØMU’en – en solid succes
Authors: Nedergaard Peter
Published: July 2020

Intet resumé
Kineserne kommer
Authors: Gaarden Hugo
Published: July 2020

Gennem de seneste par år har Kina vist en uventet og imponerende økonomisk styrke, som nu også begynder at udmønte sig i en politisk styrke udadtil, mens der ses tegn på en mere fleksibel politisk udvikling. Magtens centrum flytter fra Atlanterhavet til Stillehavet
Fjerde kvartal 2007
Authors: Seidelin Michael
Published: July 2020

Danmarks stemme
Percepções de estudantes do curso de Nutrição sobre uso de metodologias ativas como ferramental do aprendizado por competências
Authors: Ribeiro Cilene da Silva Gomes , Raymundo Gisele Pontaroli
Published: July 2020

Este estudo teve por objetivo analisar as percepções e dificuldades de estudantes do curso de Nutrição da PUCPR no que se refere aos seus protagonismos em um novo modelo de aprendizagem pautado em competências. Foi um estudo qualitativo que utilizou como técnica de coleta de dados o grupo focal. Para a análise, foi usada análise temática, segundo Bardin (2011). Foram encontradas três categorias: significados atribuídos às metodologias ativas, significados atribuídos à estrutura física na utilização das metodologias ativas e mudanças promovidas pela inserção das metodologias ativas no ensino-aprendizagem. Como resultado, foi possível identificar que os estudantes têm percepções positivas da importância do seu protagonismo em um novo modelo de aprendizagem pautado em competências, apesar de serem ainda, em algumas situações, muito reativos à participação nas aulas que empregam metodologias ativas de aprendizado. Concluiu-se que o grande desafio é aperfeiçoar a autonomia do estudante durante todo o curso de graduação, pois ele precisa sair da sua zona de conforto, com mudanças de postura e de modelos mentais; trata-se de um processo constante de aprender a aprender, que tem influência transformadora no meio acadêmico, principalmente com reflexos empreendedores positivos para o mercado de trabalho e para a sociedade.
O regimento escolar e a desigualdade de oportunidades na educação moçambicana
Authors: Muara Júlio Magido Velho , Werle Flávia Obino Corrêa
Published: July 2020

O artigo trata da regulamentação escolar como instrumento de repreensão e discute a desigualdade de gênero e de oportunidades na educação, considerada como direito fundamental do cidadão e instrumento para a integração do indivíduo na vida socioeconômica e política. O estudo objetiva expor os mecanismos sancionatórios consagrados pelas escolas moçambicanas, a partir de uma aproximação da realidade brasileira e apontar as construções socioculturais convencionadas pelas comunidades daquele país que afetam a igualdade educacional, o sucesso escolar e a progressão de estudos dos alunos. Metodologicamente, a pesquisa é bibliográfica, desenvolvida por meio da revisão de literatura na perspectiva da democracia e justiça escolar. Além disso, considera dois aspectos que fundamentam parte do insucesso escolar em Moçambique: o primeiro discute a expulsão como repreensão expressa na regulamentação escolar; o segundo debate as desigualdades educacionais de gênero. Constatou-se que, no primeiro aspecto, a expulsão de alunos é prevalecente, é uma sanção predominantemente aplicada nas escolas, transgredindo as normas regulamentares internacionais e nacionais que postulam o direito à educação. No segundo, observou-se que os problemas que afligem as meninas são considerados injustos, quando observados de acordo com as Políticas Educacionais. Diante disso, entende-se que a implementação de políticas de assistência às alunas e a contínua educação sexual e reprodutiva em idade escolar, são temas que devem permear todo o processo educativo moçambicano.
Temporal selectivity declines in the aging human auditory cortex
Authors: Erb Julia , Schmitt Lea-Maria , Obleser Jonas
Published: July 2020

Current models successfully describe the auditory cortical response to natural sounds with a set of spectro-temporal features. However, these models have hardly been linked to the ill-understood neurobiological changes that occur in the aging auditory cortex. Modelling the hemodynamic response to a rich natural sound mixture in N = 64 listeners of varying age, we here show that in older listeners’ auditory cortex, the key feature of temporal rate is represented with a markedly broader tuning. This loss of temporal selectivity is most prominent in primary auditory cortex and planum temporale, with no such changes in adjacent auditory or other brain areas. Amongst older listeners, we observe a direct relationship between chronological age and temporal-rate tuning, unconfounded by auditory acuity or model goodness of fit. In line with senescent neural dedifferentiation more generally, our results highlight decreased selectivity to temporal information as a hallmark of the aging auditory cortex.
A Study on Factors Affecting Fire Prevention
Authors: Chae Jin
Published: July 2020

This study aims to empirically verify the factors affecting fire prevention, which is a dependent variable, by establishing a safety culture related to fire prevention, fire prevention education, fire prevention equipment, fire safety knowledge, and fire safety practices as independent variables. The results obtained from the multiple regression analysis were derived as follows in relation to fire prevention. The fire prevention education was found to have the most statistically significant effect on fire prevention, and the fire prevention facility was found to have a statistically significant effect on fire prevention. In addition, fire safety practice was found to have a statistically significant effect on fire prevention.
Application Plan of Exhaust Systems in Strengthening Evacuation Safety in Apartment Houses
Authors: Lee Hyun-Sang , Yoon Myung-Oh , Lee Young-Ju , Kim Jeong-Joon
Published: July 2020

Apartment buildings are becoming taller and more densely populated with the advancements in science and the development of cities, Consequently, various amenities and safety facilities are being developed to improve the quality of life for residents. However, according to statistics, the number of casualties in apartments accounts for a high proportion of accidents, and the leading cause of the casualties is smoke emitted from fires while sleeping at night. Although it is best to install separate indoor facilities in apartments to minimize smoke damages to occupants, it is useful to minimize the smoke damages by utilizing the installed facilities while reducing the financial burden of occupants. Based on the review, the heat exchanger ventilation system and the kitchen collective exhaust system were selected, and the feasibility of these systems was verified through fire simulation . From the verification results, the available safe egress time improved by 27, 30, and 35 s on the 25th, 35th, 50th floors, respectively.
Fire Protection Regulations for Ensuring Fire Safety during Decommissioning Nuclear Power Plants in Korea
Authors: Kim Jung-Wun , Park Chan-Geun
Published: July 2020

Nuclear power plants (NPPs) in Korea are required to be maintained using a defense in-depth approach to prevent leakage of radioactive substances outside the plant and allow safe shutdown in the event of a fire. Periodic testing must be conducted to ensure that the fire protection facilities perform as required by the laws for various nuclear reactor types. In June 2017, for the first time in Korea, a nuclear plant, Kori Unit 1, was permanently shut down. It was prepared for decommissioning in accordance with the fire protection regulations imposed by the regulatory body. However, a standard protocol is necessary for systematically establishing the fire protection program for decommissioning of NPPs in the future. Therefore, the nuclear legal systems of countries with many operating nuclear power plants, such as the United States, Japan, Canada, and various European countries, were reviewed and guidelines for establishing a fire protection program for decommissioning NPPs was suggested; the fire protection requirements stated by Reg Guide 1.191 (Decommissioning fire protection program for NPPs during decommissioning and permanent shutdown) were used as a model. Suggestions for establishing legal regulations to optimize fire protection programs and secure basic technology for decommissioning NPPs were also made.
Quality Evaluation of Maize Akamu as Affected by Dehulling, Partial Germination and Oil Seed Supplementation
Authors: Ikechukwu Agbara, Gervase , Priscilla Abraham , Ngozi Agbara Helen
Published: July 2020

Akamu, a starchy cereal-based lactic acid fermented gruel consumed in West Africa was prepared using different processing methods: use of dehulled (D) maize grains, use of partially germinated (PG) maize grains (36-48h) and blends: PG and soybean (S) (90:10), D and S (90:10) and D and Melon (M) seed (90:10). Soaking, wet-milling, wet-sieving, sedimentation (24h), decanting, dewatering were involved and the traditional maize akamu served as the control. The seven different samples were subjected to physicochemical microbiological and sensory evaluations. Crude protein (4.70-10.33%), crude fat (4.12-14.30%), total ash (0.26-0.88 %%), crude fibre (1.51-2.77%) contents were higher in oil seed treated akamu and the carbohydrate contents (<74.41%) were the lowest. The akamu made of dehulled(D) maize had poorer proximate composition. Dominant elements in all the akamu were Phosphorous and Potassium and surprisingly, Zinc (1.98mg/100g), Iron (7.33 mg/g) and potassium (106.83 mg/g) in the akamu made with dehulled maize and calcium higher in the control (14.21mg/100g) and partially germinated (14.71mg/100g) akamu. Low water activity in the dried akamu ensured satisfactory low bacterial and fungal counts (<103cfu/g). The control (U) and D akamu possessed better functional and sensory properties; water absorption capacity, swelling power and pH of the different akamu varied significantly: 7.40—8.10 ml/g, 2.74-5.73 g/g, and 5.41-7.42 g/g respectively. Short period of  germination (<48 h) did not affect negatively the proximate composition, sensory, water absorption capacity and swelling power of the PG, PG+U, PG+S akamu(s). The control (U) and D akamu were adjudged to possess better sensory properties especially U akamu with scores slightly greater than 8 on a 9-point hedonic scale, but the superior nutritive value of oil seed treated akamu(s) were masked by poorer sensory attributes. It is concluded that akamu made from PG maize or its blends with undehulled maize or soybean were better alternatives to traditional akamu which is nutritionally inferior although it possessed excellent sensory and functional properties.
An Effective Algorithm for Denoising Salt-And-Pepper Noise in Real-Time
Authors: Appiah Obed , Hayfron-Acquah James Benjamin , Asante Michael
Published: July 2020

For computer vision systems to effectively perform diagnoses, identification, tracking, monitoring and surveillance, image data must be devoid of noise. Various types of noises such as Salt-and-pepper or Impulse, Gaussian, Shot, Quantization, Anisotropic, and Periodic noises corrupts images making it difficult to extract relevant information from them. This has led to a lot of proposed algorithms to help fix the problem. Among the proposed algorithms, the median filter has been successful in handling salt-and-pepper noise and preserving edges in images. However, its moderate to high running time and poor performance when images are corrupted with high densities of noise, has led to various proposed modifications of the median filter. The challenge observed with all these modifications is the trade-off between efficient running time and quality of denoised images. This paper proposes an algorithm that delivers quality denoised images in low running time. Two state-of-the-art algorithms are combined into one and a technique called Mid-Value-Decision-Median introduced into the proposed algorithm to deliver high quality denoised images in real-time. The proposed algorithm, High-Performance Modified Decision Based Median Filter (HPMDBMF) runs about 200 times faster than the state-of-the-art Modified Decision Based Median Filter (MDBMF) and still generate equivalent output.
Genetic Diversity Analysis for Yield Parameters in Rice (Oryza sativa. L) Genotypes
Authors: Soundharya B. , Rathod Ramya , Shahana Firdoz , Swathi Y. , Naik P. Jalender , Venkataiah M.
Published: July 2020

The present investigation was conducted during Kharif, 2019 at Regional Sugarcane and Rice Research Station, Rudrur, Nizamabad. Twenty rice genotypes were studied to assess genetic diversity analysis for days to fifty percent flowering, plant height (cm), ear bearing tillers per m2, panicle length (cm), number of filled grains per panicle, test weight (g) and plot yield (kg/ha). Based on the analysis, the genotypes were grouped into four clusters. The maximum number of genotypes (14 genotypes) was grouped in cluster I. Cluster II and III consists of three and two genotypes respectively. Remaining cluster was represented by a single genotype. Maximum inter cluster distance was observed between I and II (27.46) followed by between cluster I and IV (23.19) and between cluster II and IV (20.43) indicating wider genetic diversity between genotypes. Hence these lines may be utilized in a further breeding programme for the exploitation of hybrid vigour. Among the seven traits studied, the number of filled grains per panicle contributed maximum divergence (42.68%) followed by days to 50% flowering (32.04%), grain yield per plot (12.01%) and ear bearing tillers per m2 (8.12%). Hence these altogether contribute more than ninety per cent towards total divergence. Therefore, these characters may be given importance during hybridization programme.
Phenological Study of a Medicinally Important Plant Leonotis nepetifolia in Jharia Coal Field
Authors: Khawas Subir Kumar , Mishra P. K.
Published: July 2020

Leonotis nepetifolia (L.) R. Br. is a herbaceous plant belonging to the family Lamiaceae and grows across India by the roadsides or on the barren land field. This plant is medicinally very important. Various parts of the plant are used as depurative, febrifuge, antihelminthic, in relieving cough, in skin problems etc. But the ecology of this plant is also quite interesting. It can even survive the harsh conditions of Jharia coal field where the atmospheric conditions and edaphic factors are not favourable for the growth of various plants. But the plant, Leonotis nepetifolia grows luxuriantly in those stressful conditions as well. Keeping in view this ecological adaptability of this plant the present study was conducted with an objective to study the phenology of this particular plant in various conditions of Jharia coal field of Dhanbad district of Jharkhand so as to know how germination and flowering time of Leonotis nepetifolia changes with adversity so as to understand the ecological aspects quite better. For this, three stressful conditions were chosen where this plant was growing and their phenology was compared with that of the plant growing in controlled conditions. The phenology of this annual plant was found to be quite distinct in different places especially their germination time and death/dormancy.