bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Review of Theorems of the 21st Century
Authors: Gasarch William
Published: September 2020

In the movie Oh God! Book II, God (played by George Burns) says: Mathematics, that was a mistake. I should have made the whole thing a little easier.

While I am not one to argue with God, George Burns, or George Burns playing God, I do not think Mathematics was a mistake. But I do wish it was easier. Or perhaps it's easy enough to make so much progress in that it becomes hard.

In the 21st century there are many theorems whose statements cannot be explained to a good undergraduate math major. Or even a professor of mathematics who is not in that area. But all is not bleak. There are also theorems whose statements can be explained to a good undergraduate math major, though you might need to supply some context.

The book under review is about those theorems. Every chapter gives definitions and context for a theorem proven in the 21st century, in 4-6 pages. No proofs are given. The chapters are organized by year. There are 106 chapters total.

In this review I will summarize five of the chapters. I intentionally do not summarize any of the chapters that involve (1) theoretical computer science, or (2) you've probably already heard of (e.g., there are arbitrarily long arithmetic sequences of primes) since the biggest benefit of this book is to broaden your horizons. After the summaries I will have a section that lists all of the chapters in this book that involve TCS. I will then render an opinion. Spoiler Alert: this book is awesome.
SIGACT News Complexity Theory Column 106
Authors: Hemaspaandra Lane A.
Published: September 2020

As I write this in July 2020, I have no idea what the COVID-19 situation will be like when this September 2020 issue reaches your mailbox or your previewer. My typical advice is to prove exciting theorems. But in these times, all I can share are my hopes: that you'll each be safe and well (and that the medical profes- sion will create an effective vac- cine quickly enough that early in 2021 schools can return to fully in-person teaching); that you'll nd ways to, if a faculty member, help your students thrive even in the hybrid-mode-learning settings they'll probably nd themselves in for the fall semester; and that you'll (while staying careful and safe) nd time to (yes, here it comes) prove exciting theorems.
Introducing physiology of diabetes to American Asian middle school and high school students
Authors: Zuercher Jennifer L. , Gopalan Chaya
Published: September 2020

Diabetes, a chronic condition that impacts millions, is a complex disease. Understanding the disease can contribute to increasing awareness about this debilitating condition and preventing occurrences. Furthermore, inculcation of physiology knowledge may lead to an increased likelihood of career goals that align with this area of study. In pursuit of these goals, we set out to educate middle and high school students about diabetes. Thirty (16 high school; 14 middle school) students from a Sunday school program at an urban religious center completed a 10-question pretest as a way to measure initial knowledge about diabetes. Following completion of the survey, a 1-h education session was presented by a local physician who also brought a glucometer and insulin syringes for students to have a hands-on experience with some disease-specific tools. A posttest was administered following the presentation. The posttest consisted of 11 questions, where all but 2 questions were the same as for the pretest, measuring improvement of prior knowledge and engagement in the presentation. The overall posttest average score increased by approximately two correct responses, which was a significant improvement ( P < 0.0001), suggesting that the students were motivated to and did learn diabetes concepts. This study also suggests that exposing students to educational activities related to physiology is beneficial and may lead to an increase in interest in physiology, an awareness of diabetes, and perhaps the development of healthy habits.
Professional skills for physiology majors: defining and refining
Authors: French Michelle B. , Choate Julia K. , Zubek John , Bryner Randy W. , Johnson Kathryn M. S. , Luttrell Meredith J.
Published: September 2020

Changing labor markets require a workforce that is broadly trained for a variety of possible careers. Recognizing this, government and industry representatives, along with students and their families, are encouraging universities and colleges to focus more on developing transferable skills to maximize employability of their graduates. In response, academic institutions and professional organizations have begun to develop lists of transferable professional skills that they expect students to have acquired on graduation. At the 2018 Physiology Majors Interest Group (P-MIG) meeting, participants stated that there was a need to define a list of professional skills for undergraduates completing a physiology major. To this end, a professional skills committee was established. Initially members of the committee worked together to develop a draft list of skills. An iterative process of refining the list was then undertaken through presentations/small-group discussions at appropriate international meetings and via an online survey. Over 60 physiology educators, the majority of whom teach in undergraduate programs, provided input. The final list (presented here) consists of 13 skills grouped in four broad categories: think critically, communicate effectively, behave in a socially and scientifically responsible manner, and demonstrate laboratory proficiency. It is anticipated that the list will be used for curriculum mapping and to guide the development of new physiology courses and major programs. The professional skills committee now plans to develop rubrics and tools that will allow for the assessment of these skills.
Physiology educators find community in the Physiology Majors Interest Group
Authors: Anderson Lisa Carney , Rogers Jennifer , Stanescu Claudia I. , French Michelle B. , VanRyn Valerie S. , Wehrwein Erica A.
Published: September 2020

The Physiology Majors Interest Group (P-MIG) is a grass-roots consortium of physiology educators with the common interest of creating program-level guidelines for undergraduate physiology and related programs. A key component of the consortium's activities are the annual P-MIG conferences that have been held at different universities over the past 3 yr (Michigan State University, 2017; University of Arizona, 2018; and University of Minnesota, 2019). Postconference surveys indicate that the conferences are highly valued by the participants, as they have provided an opportunity to get to know others who are passionate about undergraduate education, to discuss best practices in program and course delivery, and to form working groups with the goal to develop national and international guidelines for physiology program delivery and assessment.
Mining the Spatial-Temporal Characteristics of Population Flow and Material Flow Using Big Data
Authors: Wang Xing , Ji Jianwan , Jin Biao , Chen Hongguang , Huang Shuhong , Lin Mingwei , Mota Caroline
Published: September 2020

Population flow and material flow are the core elements of the “space of flows.” Studying the temporal and spatial distribution characteristics of these two types of flows (TToF) can provide us a greater understanding of the research area. Most of the existing works related to TToF only focus on exploring the difference characteristics of one of the members of TToF in a certain time or space scale in the research area. Different from these related works, the spatial-temporal characteristics of the population flow and material flow in Taiwan Province and the spatial-temporal autocorrelation of Taiwan’s expressway network are explored by means of multimembership and layer-by-layer refinement. The research work carried out in this paper includes the following: (1) studying the differentiated characteristics of the TToF in different time units; (2) studying the spatial differences among each type of the TToF under different scales; (3) dividing both the population flow and material flow into two subtypes and then analyzing the temporal variation characteristics of the four subtypes of flows; and (4) studying the global and local spatial-temporal autocorrelation of Taiwan’s expressway network. The results show the following. (1) The spatial-temporal differentiation characteristics of the TToF are obvious in different time units and on different scales. (2) The contribution of the population flow to the TToF in flow quantities is far greater than that of the material flow. (3) The population flow and material flow are dominated by the “minority population flow” and “small-scale material flow,” respectively. (4) Meanwhile, in Taiwan’s expressway network, there is a significant spatial-temporal positive correlation mainly reflected in the spatial first-order adjacent road sections.
GDF15 Repression Contributes to 5‐Fluorouracil Resistance in Human Colon Cancer by Regulating Epithelial‐Mesenchymal Transition and Apoptosis
Authors: Wang Bin , Ma Nina , Zheng Xixi , Li Xiao , Ma Xiao , Hu Jiexuan , Cao Bangwei
Published: September 2020

Chemotherapy based on 5‐fluorouracil (5‐FU) is the standard approach for colon cancer treatment, and resistance to 5‐FU is a significant obstacle in the clinical treatment of colon cancer. However, the mechanisms underlying 5‐FU resistance in colon cancer cells remain largely unknown. This study aimed at determining whether 5‐FU‐resistant colon cancer cells undergo epithelial‐mesenchymal transition (EMT) and apoptosis and the role of GDF15—a member of the transforming growth factor β/bone morphogenetic protein super family and a protein known to be involved in cancer progression—in the regulation of EMT and apoptosis of these cells, along with the underlying mechanisms. In vitro apoptosis detection assay, growth inhibition assay, transwell, and wound healing experiments revealed that 5‐FU‐resistant colon cancer cells possessed enhanced EMT and antiapoptotic ability. These cells also showed a stronger tendency to proliferate and metastasize in vivo. Quantitative reverse transcription‐PCR and western blotting revealed that 5‐FU‐resistant colon cancer cells expressed lower levels of growth differentiation factor 15 (GDF15) than did 5‐FU‐sensitive colon cancer cells. Moreover, the transient GDF15 overexpression resensitized 5‐FU‐resistant colon cells to 5‐FU. Collectively, these findings indicate the mechanism underlying the 5‐FU resistance of colon cancer cells and provide new therapeutic targets for improving the prognosis of colon cancer patients.
CD44, IL-33, and ST2 Gene Polymorphisms on Hepatocellular Carcinoma Susceptibility in the Chinese Population
Authors: Pan Xiaolan , Li Meiqin , Huang Lei , Mo Dan , Liang Yihua , Huang Zhaodong , Zhu Bo , Fang Min
Published: September 2020

The interleukin‐ (IL‐) 33/ST2 axis plays a pivotal role in tumorigenesis through influencing cancer stemness and other mechanisms. CD44 is one of the critical markers of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) among the cancer stem cells (CSCs). There is still a lack of CD44 gene single‐nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) combined with IL-33/ST2 pathway single‐nucleotide polymorphisms in HCC susceptibility analysis literature, although CD44 and IL-33/ST2 have been reported separately in human cancers. This study is aimed at investigating the relationship between CD44, IL-33, and ST2 SNPs and HCC susceptibility and clinicopathological features. We analyzed 565 HCC patients and 561 healthy controls in the Chinese population. The genes for CD44rs187115A>G, IL-33 rs1929992A>G, and ST2 rs3821204G>C were typed using the SNaPshot method. We found that the distribution frequencies of CD44 and ST2 alleles and genotypes in both the HCC case group and the control group were statistically significant (p < 0.05). The results showed that individuals carrying at least one G allele of the CD44 rs187115 gene were at a higher risk than the AA genotype carriers (p = 0.007, odds ratio (OR) = 1.429, 95% confidence interval (CI): 1.102–1.854). Similarly, individuals with at least one C allele of ST2 rs3821204 had a higher risk of HCC than those with GG genes (p ≤ 0.001, OR = 1.647, 95% CI: 1.296‐2.093). Combining the haplotype analysis of the 3 loci suggested that CD44 rs187115, IL-33 rs1929992, and ST2 rs3821204 are associated with the risk of HCC and could potentially serve as useful genetic markers for HCC in some populations of China.
Machine Learning Models of Acute Kidney Injury Prediction in Acute Pancreatitis Patients
Authors: Qu Cheng , Gao Lin , Yu Xian-qiang , Wei Mei , Fang Guo-quan , He Jianing , Cao Long-xiang , Ke Lu , Tong Zhi-hui , Li Wei-qin , Chirletti Piero
Published: September 2020

Background. Acute kidney injury (AKI) has long been recognized as a common and important complication of acute pancreatitis (AP). In the study, machine learning (ML) techniques were used to establish predictive models for AKI in AP patients during hospitalization. This is a retrospective review of prospectively collected data of AP patients admitted within one week after the onset of abdominal pain to our department from January 2014 to January 2019. Eighty patients developed AKI after admission (AKI group) and 254 patients did not (non-AKI group) in the hospital. With the provision of additional information such as demographic characteristics or laboratory data, support vector machine (SVM), random forest (RF), classification and regression tree (CART), and extreme gradient boosting (XGBoost) were used to build models of AKI prediction and compared to the predictive performance of the classic model using logistic regression (LR). XGBoost performed best in predicting AKI with an AUC of 91.93% among the machine learning models. The AUC of logistic regression analysis was 87.28%. Present findings suggest that compared to the classical logistic regression model, machine learning models using features that can be easily obtained at admission had a better performance in predicting AKI in the AP patients.
Poor Control of Plasma Triglycerides Is Associated with Early Decline of Estimated Glomerular Filtration Rates in New-Onset Type 2 Diabetes in China: Results from a 3-Year Follow-Up Study
Authors: Wang Chuan , Wang Lingshu , Liang Kai , Yan Fei , Hou Xinguo , Liu Fuqiang , Chen Li , Foti Daniela
Published: September 2020

Objective. Diabetic kidney disease (DKD) is the most common cause of end-stage renal disease (ESRD). Even after strict control of obesity, hyperglycemia, and hypertension, some patients still progress rapidly. Previous studies suggested diabetic dyslipidemia might be one of the factors responsible for this high residual risk. This study aims to explore the impact of long-term lipid control on renal outcome in new-onset type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). Methods. We conducted a 3-year follow-up study, involving 283 subjects with new-onset T2DM, and observed the effect of baseline and follow-up metabolic abnormalities, especially dyslipidemia, on the early damage of kidney function using multiple logistic regression analysis. Results. After 3 years follow-up, patients achieved a better control of body weight, hypertension, and blood glucose. The most reduced eGFR group shared the least reduced BMI and LDL-C, as well as the greatest increase in TG levels. Only TG in the follow-up, not any of the baseline data, nor obesity, blood glucose, BP, or LDL-C in the follow-up, was found to be significantly correlated with the most reduced eGFR. Compared with patients with constantly abnormal TG levels, the risks were even higher in the subjects who experienced a transition from normal TG to hypertriglyceridemia (

OR
=
2.576

versus

OR
=
2.184

, after multiple adjustment), and by tight controlling of TG, patients started with abnormal baseline TG levels could reduce the risk of DKD progression to the same low levels as the TG-constantly-normal group. Conclusion. This study emphasized the importance of long-term TG control in East Asian patients with new-onset T2DM: TG control can delay the decline of kidney function in the early stage of DKD, and reversal of hypertriglyceridemia may undo the risks of the past. It is time to pay more attention to the control of TG in new-onset T2DM.
Periodontal Disease and Age‐Related Macular Degeneration: A Meta‐Analysis of 112,240 Participants
Authors: Lv Xuewen , Li Weiqi , Fang Zhiyu , Xue Xiaofei , Pan Chunling
Published: September 2020

Objective. Epidemiological studies have shown a correlation between periodontal disease (PD) and age‐related macular degeneration (AMD). However, the results have been inconsistent, and no relevant meta‐analysis has been performed on this topic. Hence, we performed a meta‐analysis to evaluate whether the two diseases are related. Material and Methods. The PubMed, Embase, Cochrane Library, and Web of Science databases were searched up to April 20, 2020, for related articles. Two authors independently conducted literature screening and data extraction and then used the Stata 15.1 software to calculate the relative risk (RRs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) to assess the association between PD and AMD. Results. A total of 5 observational studies involving 112,240 participants and 5,005 AMD patients were included. The results of meta‐analysis using the random‐effects model showed that the incidence of AMD in PD patients was 1.35 times that of non‐PD patients; the difference was statistically significant (RR = 1.35, 95%CI = 1.07–1.70, P = 0.011). Sensitivity analysis showed that the results were stable. Conclusions. PD patients have a higher risk of AMD, but the causal relationship between PD and AMD has not been confirmed. Further research should be carried out to verify the exact relationship between the two.
Association between Psychological Factors and Condom Use with Regular and Nonregular Male Sexual Partners among Chinese MSM: A Quantitative Study Based on the Health Belief Model
Authors: Huang Yuling , Yu Bin , Jia Peng , Wang Zixin , Yang Shifan , Tian Chunhua , Lai Wenhong , Yang Shujuan
Published: September 2020

Objective. The Chinese men who have sex with men (MSM) population is suffering from a high HIV infection rate owing to unprotected anal sex. The Health Belief Model (HBM) has been proven to be an effective frame associated with behavior maintenance. Based on HBM, we analyzed the beliefs associated with consistent condom use behavior with regular and nonregular partners among MSM to better provide targeted interventions and services. Methods. A study was conducted in Sichuan Province, China, from November 2018 to April 2019, and 801 eligible participants were recruited by snowball sampling. Sociodemographic characteristics, AIDS‐related characteristics, sexual behaviors, condom use behavior, and dimensions of HBM were investigated. Univariate, single multivariate, and summary multivariate models were employed to analyze the factors associated with consistent condom use. Results. Of all participants, 39.1% and 53.6% had had anal sex with regular and nonregular partners in the last six months, respectively. Only 56.5% of them had used condoms consistently with regular partners, and only 60% of them had used condoms consistently with nonregular partners. When taking consistent condoms use with regular partners as the dependent variable, the dimensions of perceived threats (ORM = 1.28, 95% CI: 1.10, 1.49), perceived barriers (ORM = 0.70, 95% CI: 0.60, 0.82), self‐efficacy (ORM = 1.23, 95% CI: 1.14, 1.32), and cues to action (ORM = 1.21, 95% CI: 1.02, 1.43) showed significant associations with the dependent variable. When taking consistent condoms use with nonregular partners as the dependent variable, the dimensions of perceived barriers (ORM = 0.77, 95% CI: 0.67, 0.89), self‐efficacy (ORM = 1.22, 95% CI: 1.13, 1.32), and cues to action (ORM = 1.53, 95% CI: 1.30, 1.80) showed significant associations with the dependent variable. Conclusions. More attention should be focused on how to decrease the obstructive factors of condom use, how to improve the confidence of condom use, and how to layout more cues to action to promote consistent condom use behavior with regular and nonregular partners during anal sex among Chinese MSM.
Exosomal circLPAR1 Promoted Osteogenic Differentiation of Homotypic Dental Pulp Stem Cells by Competitively Binding to hsa‐miR‐31
Authors: Xie Liangkun , Guan Zheng , Zhang Mingzhu , Lyu Sha , Thuaksuban Nattawut , Kamolmattayakul Suttatip , Nuntanaranont Thongchai
Published: September 2020

Human dental pulp stem cells (DPSCs) hold great promise in bone regeneration. However, the exact mechanism of osteogenic differentiation of DPSCs remains unknown, especially the role of exosomes played in. The DPSCs were cultured and received osteogenic induction; then, exosomes from osteogenic‐induced DPSCs (OI‐DPSC‐Ex) at different time intervals were isolated and sequenced for circular RNA (circRNA) expression profiles. Gradually, increased circular lysophosphatidic acid receptor 1 (circLPAR1) expression was found in the OI‐DPSC‐Ex coincidentally with the degree of osteogenic differentiation. Meanwhile, results from osteogenic differentiation examinations showed that the OI‐DPSC‐Ex had osteogenic effect on the recipient homotypic DPSCs. To investigate the mechanism of exosomal circLPAR1 on osteogenic differentiation, we verified that circLPAR1 could competently bind to hsa‐miR‐31, by eliminating the inhibitory effect of hsa‐miR‐31 on osteogenesis, therefore promoting osteogenic differentiation of the recipient homotypic DPSCs. Our study showed that exosomal circRNA played an important role in osteogenic differentiation of DPSCs and provided a novel way of utilization of exosomes for the treatment of bone deficiencies.
EEG-Based Epilepsy Recognition via Multiple Kernel Learning
Authors: Yao Yufeng , Ding Yan , Zhong Shan , Cui Zhiming , Huang Chenxi
Published: September 2020

In the field of brain-computer interfaces, it is very common to use EEG signals for disease diagnosis. In this study, a style regularized least squares support vector machine based on multikernel learning is proposed and applied to the recognition of epilepsy abnormal signals. The algorithm uses the style conversion matrix to represent the style information contained in the sample, regularizes it in the objective function, optimizes the objective function through the commonly used alternative optimization method, and simultaneously updates the style conversion matrix and classifier during the iteration process parameter. In order to use the learned style information in the prediction process, two new rules are added to the traditional prediction method, and the style conversion matrix is used to standardize the sample style before classification.
A Case Study on Gob‐Side Entry Retaining Technology in the Deep Coal Mine of Xinjulong, China
Authors: Wang Ping , Ding Li , Ma Yuan-jun , Feng Tao , Sun Guang-jing , Zhu Yong-jian , Ren Heng , Li Peng , Zhang Yu-qun , Wang Xi-Zhi
Published: September 2020

Through the analysis of the project of gob‐side entry retaining in the deep gangue filling 2305S‐2# working face of the Xinjulong coal mine, the principle and technology of surrounding rock control of gob‐side entry retaining along the deep mining face are discussed. It is found that the use of gangue to fill the goaf of the deep mining face can effectively alleviate the occurrence of violent strata pressure, which is the basis for realizing entry retaining along the goaf. In the Xinjulong coal mine, the gangue wall and concrete‐filled steel tube columns are used as roadside support structure. Anchor bolt + W steel belt are used as advance support, monomer column + hinged beam are used as temporary support, and long anchor cable + beam are used as permanent support. Gob‐side entry retaining of deep mining working face is successfully realized. The actual measurement results show that the bearing capacity of gangue wall increases slowly, and the deformation is large. The concrete‐filled steel tube column has a certain drilling bottom, and the roof cable is easily broken on the side of the remaining roadway. It is necessary to strengthen the lateral constraint of the gangue wall, limit the deformation of the gangue wall, and improve the bearing capacity of the gangue wall. The bottom of the concrete‐filled steel tube column needs to be installed with a large backing plate to control the bottom drilling amount, and the roof anchor cable of the roadway must have a certain elongation to realize the coordinated deformation of the anchor cable and the roof.
Protective Effect of Costus afer Aqueous Leaf Extract (CALE) on Low-Dose Heavy Metal Mixture-Induced Alterations in Serum Lipid Profile and Hematological Parameters of Male Wistar Albino Rats
Authors: Anyanwu Brilliance O. , Orish Chinna N. , Ezejiofor Anthonet N. , Nwaogazie Ify L. , Orisakwe Orish E. , Clift Martin J. D.
Published: September 2020

The present work investigated the protective effects of Costus afer Ker Gawl. aqueous leaf extract (CALE) on lipid profile and hematological changes induced by exposure to low-dose heavy metal mixture in male albino rats. The experimental animals were divided into six weight matched groups. The normal (group 1) and toxic (group 2) controls received deionized water and metal mixture (20 mg/kg PbCl2, 1.61 mg/kg CdCl2, and 0.40 mg/kg HgCl2), respectively. Test rats in groups 3, 4, and 5 were treated with metal mixture and CALE (750, 1500, and 2250 mg/kg, respectively), and group 6 received metal mixture and ZnCl2. All treatments were administered through oral gavage for 12 weeks. LDHMM caused a marked increase (

p
<
0.05

) in cholesterol, triglyceride, low-density lipoprotein (LDL), and very low-density lipoprotein (VLDL) levels and a decrease in high-density lipoprotein (HDL), percentage body weight gain, and feed and fluid intake. Also, a significant decrease in RBC, Hb, and PCV, a significant increase in WBC, and no significant increase in platelet PLT were observed in the metal mixture-treated group. But in CALE treated groups, their levels were found to attain almost normal values as found in normal control which is also similar to the zinc-treated group. Costus afer may hold a promise in improving lipid profile and hemodynamic picture in cardiovascular diseases.
Development of Driver-Behavior Model Based onWOA-RBM Deep Learning Network
Authors: Liu Junhui , Jia Yajuan , Wang Yaya , Dolezel Petr
Published: September 2020

Human drivers’ behavior, which is very difficult to model, is a very complicated stochastic system. To characterize a high-accuracy driver behavior model under different roadway geometries, the paper proposes a new algorithm of driver behavior model based on the whale optimization algorithm-restricted Boltzmann machine (WOA-RBM) method. This method establishes an objective optimization function first, which contains the training of RBM deep learning network based on the real driver behavior data. Second, the optimal training parameters of the restricted Boltzmann machine (RBM) can be obtained through the whale optimization algorithm. Finally, the well-trained model can be used to represent the human drivers’ operation effectively. The MATLAB simulation results showed that the driver model can achieve an accuracy of 90%.
Management of Postsurgical Complication in Multiple Implant-Infected Postextraction Sites in the Lower Arch
Authors: Mayta-Tovalino Frank , Rosas José , Mauricio-Vilchez Cesar , Luza Silvia , Alvitez-Temoche Daniel , Mauricio Franco , Lo Giudice Antonino
Published: September 2020

Currently, dental implants are a very frequent therapeutic alternative for replacing missing teeth. However, they are not exempt from developing complications of infectious origin. Therefore, this case report describes a 67-year-old female patient presenting infectious complications caused by suture rupture. Surgery combined with therapeutic management with antibiotics was performed, allowing preservation of the osseointegration of the implants in the lower arch. Within the limitations of this study, it was shown that more research is needed to determine the success and survival of implants presenting complications due to infections during the osseointegration process.
A Full‐Scale Experimental Study of the Vertical Dynamic and Static Behavior of the Pier‐Cap‐Pile System
Authors: Liu Jianlei , Ma Meng
Published: September 2020

The bearing capacity evaluation of bridge substructures is difficult as the static loading test (SLT) cannot be employed for the bridges in services. As a type of dynamic nondestructive test technique, the dynamic transient response method (TRM) could be employed to estimate the vertical bearing capacity when the relationship between static stiffness and dynamic stiffness is known. The TRM is usually employed to evaluate single piles. For the pier‐cap‐pile system, its applicability should be investigated. In the present study, a novel full‐scale experimental study, including both TRM test and SLT, was performed on an abandoned bridge pier with grouped pile foundation. The test included three steps: firstly, testing the intact pier‐cap‐pile system; then, cutting off the pier and testing the cap‐pile system; finally, cutting off the cap and testing the single pile. The TRM test was repeatedly performed in the above three steps, whereas the SLT was only performed on the cap‐pile system. Based on the experimental results, the ratio of dynamic and static stiffness of the cap‐pile system was obtained. The results show that (1) in the low‐frequency range (between 10 and 30 Hz in this study), the dynamic stiffness of the whole system is approximately four times of that of a single pile; (2) the ratio of dynamic and static stiffness of the cap‐pile system tested in the study is approximately 1.74, which was similar to other tested values of a single pile; (3) to evaluate the capacity of similar cap‐pile system and with similar soil layer conditions by TRM, the value of Kd/Ks tested in the study can be used as a reference.
Paraneoplastic Focal Outer Retinitis and Optic Neuropathy in a Patient with Small Cell Lung Carcinoma and Anti-CRMP5, Anti-HU and Anti-Amphiphysin Antibodies
Authors: Martínez-Rubio Clara  , Giralt Lena , Lacambra Inazio , Artaraz Joseba , Fonollosa Alex
Published: September 2020

Our aim is to describe clinical and optical coherence tomographic features of acute paraneoplastic focal outer retinitis associated with optic neuropathy in a patient diagnosed with small cell lung carcinoma. Bilateral focal outer retinitis, bilateral optic disc oedema and vitritis were identified in a patient with progressive bilateral visual loss and ataxia. Spectral domain optical coherence tomography (SD-OCT) revealed various extents of granular hyperreflectivity and atrophy of the macular outer retinal layers. Serum and cerebrospinal fluid positivity for anti-CRMP5, anti-HU and anti-amphiphysin antibodies intensified the search for an underlying malignancy, and a small cell lung carcinoma (SCLC) was finally diagnosed. Local and oral steroids along with systemic chemotherapy and radiotherapy achieved cancer remission and partial recovery from the ophthalmic manifestations. Focal outer retinitis associated with optic disc oedema and antibody positivity facilitated the diagnosis of SCLC in a localized stage. SD-OCT allowed the characterization of this entity, expanding the spectrum of paraneoplastic ophthalmological syndromes.
Long-Term Outcome of Lobectomy for Thyroid Cancer
Authors: Bosset Matthieu , Bonjour Maxime , Castellnou Solène , Hafdi-Nejjari Zakia , Bournaud-Salinas Claire , Decaussin-Petrucci Myriam , Lifante Jean Christophe , Perrin Agnès , Peix Jean-Louis , Moulin Philippe , Sassolas Geneviève , Pugeat Michel , Borson-Chazot Françoise
Published: September 2020

Introduction: Recent guidelines of the American Thyroid Association (ATA) suggest that a lobectomy may be sufficient to treat low- to intermediate-risk patients with thyroid tumors ≤40 mm, without extrathyroidal extension or lymph node metastases. The present study aimed to evaluate long-term recurrence after lobectomy for differentiated thyroid cancer and to analyze factors associated with recurrence. Methods: In this retrospective cohort study, patients who underwent a lobectomy for thyroid cancer in a tertiary center between 1970 and 2010 were included. The outcome was the proportion of pathology-confirmed thyroid cancer recurrence, assessed in the whole cohort or in subgroups according to tumor size (≤ or >40 mm). Results: A total of 295 patients were included, and these were followed-up for a mean (standard deviation, SD) 19.1 (7.8) years (5,649 patient-years); 61 (20.7%) were male and the mean (SD) age at diagnosis was 39.7 (12) years. Histological subtype was papillary in 263 (89.2%) patients and mean cancer size was 22.9 (16.9) mm. According to the 2015 ATA guidelines, 271 (91.9%) cancers had a low risk of recurrence and 24 (8.1%) an intermediate risk. A reoperation was performed in 54 patients (18.3%) and recurrence was confirmed in 40 (13.6%), diagnosed for 55% of cases more than 10 years after their initial surgery. Among recurrent patients, 14 (4.8% of the cohort) were operated for a contralateral papillary thyroid microcarcinoma and 26 (8.8% of the cohort) for a locoregional or metastatic recurrence. Non-suspicious nodular recurrences were monitored without reoperation in 53 (18.0%) patients. At the end of follow-up, 282 (95.6%) patients were in remission. Tumors with locoregional or metastatic recurrence were more frequent among tumors with aggressive histology (19.2 vs. 4.1%, p = 0.015) and of intermediate risk category (28.6 vs. 7.1%, p = 0.018). Tumors >40 mm, which would have been treated by thyroidectomy according to the 2015 ATA guidelines criteria, were found in 34 (11.5%) patients and were associated with a higher frequency of recurrence (20.6 vs. 7.3%, p = 0.024) and less remission (85.3 vs. 96.9%, p = 0.001). Conclusion: The outcome of thyroid cancer treated by lobectomy is very good, particularly for cancer ≤40 mm. A prolonged follow-up is required due to the risk of late recurrence.
Seasonal influence on the appearance of central serous retinopathy
Authors: Treder Maximilian
Published: September 2020

Purpose: We investigate seasonal variations found in patients with central serous chorioretinopathy (CSC). Methods: We retrospectively investigated 201 CSC patients at the Osaka Medical College Hospital from January 2011 to December 2016 and evaluated their seasonal and monthly distributions. Results: The study population comprised 149 males and 52 females. There were significant seasonal differences in the distribution of patients, with 62 cases in spring, 37 in summer, 59 in autumn, and 43 in winter, and the monthly prevalence of CSC was high in March (n = 24), April (n = 22), and November (n = 23). In addition, seasonal variation of serous retinal detachment (SRD) in the macula could be observed in 12 recurrent CSC cases. Conclusions: The prevalence of CSC development was the highest in spring. In addition, recurrent SRD in the macula showed seasonal variation in some CSC patients. As factors related to CSC, season and temperature might influence the pathophysiology of CSC.
Effect of Deep Hypothermic Circulatory Arrest Versus Moderate Hypothermic Circulatory Arrest in Aortic Arch Surgery on Postoperative Renal Function: A Systematic Review and Meta‐Analysis
Authors: Cao Liang , Guo Xiaoxiao , Jia Yuan , Yang Lijing , Wang Hongbai , Yuan Su
Published: September 2020

Background

Moderate hypothermic circulatory arrest (MHCA) has been widely used in aortic arch surgery. However, the renal function after MHCA remains controversial. We performed a systematic review and meta‐analysis direct comparison of the postoperative renal function of MHCA versus deep hypothermic circulatory arrest (DHCA) in aortic arch surgery.

Methods and Results

We searched PubMed, Embase, and the Cochrane Library for postoperative renal function after aortic arch surgery with using MHCA and DHCA, published from inception to January 31, 2020. The primary outcome was renal failure. Secondary outcomes were the need for renal therapy and other major postoperative outcomes. The random‐effects model was used for all comparisons to pool the estimates. A total of 14 observational studies with 4142 patients were included. Compared with DHCA, MHCA significantly reduced the incidence of renal failure (odds ratio [OR], 0.76; 95% CI, 0.61–0.94;
P
=0.011; I
2
=0.0%) and the need of renal replacement (OR, 0.68; 95% CI, 0.48–0.97;
P
=0.034; I
2
=0.0%). Subgroup analysis showed that when the hypothermic circulatory arrest time was <30 minutes, the incidence of renal failure in MHCA group was significantly lower than that in DHCA group (OR, 0.73; 95% CI, 0.54–0.99;
P
=0.040; I
2
=1.1%), whereas an insignificant difference between 2 groups when hypothermic circulatory arrest time was >30 minutes (OR, 0.76; 95% CI, 0.51–1.13;
P
=0.169; I
2
=17.3%).

Conclusions

MHCA compared with DHCA reduces the incidence of renal failure and the need for renal replacement.

Registration

URL:
https://www.crd.york.ac.uk/prospero
; Unique identifier: CRD42020169348.
Combining network topology and information theory to construct representative brain networks
Authors: Luppi Andrea I. , Stamatakis Emmanuel A.
Published: September 2020

Network neuroscience employs graph theory to investigate the human brain as a complex network, and derive generalizable insights about the brain’s network properties. However, graph-theoretical results obtained from network construction pipelines that produce idiosyncratic networks may not generalize when alternative pipelines are employed. This issue is especially pressing because a wide variety of network construction pipelines have been employed in the human network neuroscience literature, making comparisons between studies problematic. Here, we investigate how to produce networks that are maximally representative of the broader set of brain networks obtained from the same neuroimaging data. We do so by minimizing an information-theoretic measure of divergence between network topologies, known as the portrait divergence. Based on functional and diffusion MRI data from the Human Connectome Project, we consider anatomical, functional, and multimodal parcellations at three different scales, and 48 distinct ways of defining network edges. We show that the highest representativeness can be obtained by using parcellations in the order of 200 regions and filtering functional networks based on efficiency-cost optimization—though suitable alternatives are also highlighted. Overall, we identify specific node definition and thresholding procedures that neuroscientists can follow in order to derive representative networks from their human neuroimaging data.
Standard/Classical Greek Constructions in the Gospel according to Mark and Their Importance for Interpretation
Authors: Voelz James W.
Published: September 2020

Although most interpreters believe the Greek of the Gospel according to Mark to be either basic or inelegant, close study shows it to be quite sophisticated and in line with standard/classical Greek exemplars. This is true not only in vocabulary, but also and especially in features of morphology and syntax. The language of the Second Gospel exhibits affinities with that of Plato and Xenophon especially, and thus reflects Greco-Roman linguistic and literary sensibilities.
Herdsmen and Stargazers: the Science of Philosophy in Plato’s Statesman
Authors: Pettersson Olof
Published: September 2020

Together with the Sophist, Plato’s Statesman is often taken to introduce and develop a new scientific form of theoretical inquiry, represented by the Eleatic visitor. This paper draws on recent scholarship on the Sophist and evaluates the reliability of this scientific approach when applied to political matters in the Statesman. It analyzes how the Eleatic visitor identifies and tries to mend two central mistakes in his own initial definition of the statesman and argues that the visitor’s treatment of three related topics – eugenics, tyranny and law – makes his line of reasoning inconsistent. Relying on Plato’s dramatic use of similar forms of argumentation elsewhere, it suggests that the Statesman is not designed to defend the political significance of the visitor’s new form of scientific philosophy, but that its purpose instead is to test and to critically examine the consequences of this line of inquiry.
Differentiating Philosopher from Statesman According to Work and Worth
Authors: Larsen Jens Kristian
Published: September 2020

Plato’s Sophist and Statesman stand out from many other Platonic dialogues by at least two features. First, they do not raise a ti esti question about a single virtue or feature of something, but raise the questions what sophist, statesman, and philosopher are, how they differ from each other, and what worth each should be accorded. Second, a visitor from Elea, rather than Socrates, seeks to address these questions and does so by employing what is commonly referred to as the method of collection and division. Some scholars have argued that this so-called method is value neutral and therefore unable to address the question how philosophy differs from sophistry and statesmanship according to worth. This article contends that the procedures of collection and division does not preclude the visitor from taking considerations of worth into account, but rather helps establish an objective basis for settling the main questions of the dialogue.
The Offices of Magnesia
Authors: Reid Jeremy
Published: September 2020

In this article, I attempt to provide a complete and exhaustive list of all of the offices and major political roles proposed within the constitution of Magnesia, detailing the title of the office, number of offices, method of appointment, age or gender restrictions, length of term, and explicit responsibilities assigned to that office. This tabulation is intended to be useful for new readers of the Laws and to scholars of various methodological approaches interested in the political arrangements of Magnesia.
Two new species of Impatiens (Balsaminaceae) from the Western Ghats of Tamil Nadu, India

Authors: RAJU RAMASUBBU , SURENDRAN ANJANA , AYYATHURAI CHANDRA PRABHA
Published: September 2020

Impatiens palniensis and I.tamilnadense are two new species described and illustrated from the Western Ghats of Tamil Nadu, India. Impatiens palniensis collected from Palni hills (Kodaikkanal Wildlife Sanctuary) whereas I. tamilnadense from Megamalai Wildlife Sanctuary.   The detailed description of both taxa along with diagnostic characters between closely allied species, conservation status, pollen morphology and colour photographs are provided.
A taxonomic study of Dinapsis Waterson, 1922 from Madagascar (Hymenoptera: Megalyridae, Dinapsini): crested wasps of the hirtipes species-group
Authors: MITA TOSHIHARU , SHAW SCOTT RICHARD
Published: September 2020

Five new species, Dinapsis albicauda, n. sp., D. cresta, n. sp., D. luteus, n. sp., D. planifrons, n. sp., and D. scriptus, n. sp. are described from the island of Madagascar. The Dinapsis hirtipes species-group is proposed based on D. hirtipes Hedqvist, 1967 and the five newly described species. A key to species of the D. hirtipes species-group is provided.
Two new species of Thrypticus Gerstäcker from Turkey (Diptera, Dolichopodidae), with checklist and key to Palaearctic species
Authors: NEGROBOV OLEG P. , NAGLIS STEFAN
Published: September 2020

Thrypticus caeruleus Naglis & Negrobov sp. nov. and T. kechevi Naglis & Negrobov sp. nov. are newly described from Turkey. Thrypticus viridis Parent is redescribed and the hypopygium is figured in detail. A revised checklist and key to males of Palaearctic species of the genus Thrypticus Gerstäcker including 26 valid species are provided. Thrypticus paludicola Negrobov is restored from synonymy with T. intercedens Negrobov based on hypopygial differences. Thrypticus tonsus Negrobov is regarded as new synonym of T. subtilis Negrobov.
Mechanisms Associated with Daytime and Nighttime Heat Waves over the Contiguous United States
Authors: Thomas Natalie P. , Bosilovich Michael G. , Marquardt Collow Allison B. , Koster Randal D. , Schubert Siegfried D. , Dezfuli Amin , Mahanama Sarith P.
Published: September 2020

Heat waves are extreme climate events that have the potential to cause immense stress on human health, agriculture, and energy systems, so understanding the processes leading to their onset is crucial. There is no single accepted definition for heat waves, but they are generally described as a sustained amount of time over which temperature exceeds a local threshold. Multiple different temperature variables are potentially relevant, because high values of both daily maximum and minimum temperatures can be detrimental to human health. In this study, we focus explicitly on the different mechanisms associated with summertime heat waves manifested during daytime hours versus nighttime hours over the contiguous United States. Heat waves are examined using the National Aeronautics and Space Administration Modern-Era Retrospective Analysis for Research and Applications, version 2 (MERRA-2). Over 1980–2018, the increase in the number of heat-wave days per summer was generally stronger for nighttime heat-wave days than for daytime heat-wave days, with localized regions of significant positive trends. Processes linked with daytime and nighttime heat waves are identified through composite analysis of precipitation, soil moisture, clouds, humidity, and fluxes of heat and moisture. Daytime heat waves are associated with dry conditions, reduced cloud cover, and increased sensible heating. Mechanisms leading to nighttime heat waves differ regionally across the United States, but they are typically associated with increased clouds, humidity, and/or low-level temperature advection. In the midwestern United States, enhanced moisture is transported from the Gulf of Mexico during nighttime heat waves.
Variations in Precipitation across the Southern Ocean
Authors: Manton M. J. , Huang Y. , Siems S. T.
Published: September 2020

The Southern Ocean lies beneath a unique region of the global atmosphere with minimal effects of landmasses on the zonal flow. The absence of landmasses also means that in situ observations of precipitation are limited to a few ocean islands. Two reanalyses and two satellite-based gridded datasets are analyzed to estimate the character of the distribution of precipitation across the region. The latitudinal variation is computed across three longitudinal sectors, representing the Pacific, Atlantic, and Indian Oceans. The most recent ECMWF reanalysis (ERA5) is found to produce the most accurate estimate of the mean profile and seasonal cycle of precipitation. However, there is little consistency in the estimates of trends in monthly anomalies of precipitation. A more consistent description of precipitation trends is found by using linear regression of the precipitation anomaly with the local mean sea level pressure anomaly, the southern annular mode, and the Southern Oscillation index. In broad terms, precipitation is found to be decreasing at lower latitudes and increasing at higher latitudes, which is consistent with earlier climate model simulations on the impacts of anthropogenic climate change.