bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Could Territorial Entities in the Territory of the GUAM be Considered as Sovereign States?
Authors: Kosiuk Ekaterina
Published: March 2022

The issue with the recognition of de facto states has existed for a long time. Some territories exist for decades with only limited recognition. The emergence of unrecognized states peaked after the collapse of the Soviet Union. The populations of some territories did not agree with the new borders and unilaterally declared their independence. Can these territories be considered as fully-fledged states, as their inhabitants consider themselves to be? To answer this question, it might be useful to consider the definition of a concept of a state before analysing what characteristics a territory should be called a ‘sovereign state’, and it is also necessary to consider the implications for the territorial entities in the territory of the GUAM Organization for Democracy and Economic Development. Such an analysis is the purpose of this article. The goal is also to discover what official symbols de facto states in the post-Soviet space have. The following documents in this research were analysed in the article: ‘the Montevideo Convention’ and ‘the Declaration of Guidelines on the Recognition of New States in Eastern Europe and in the Former Soviet Union.’ Attention is also paid to the history of the development of the term ‘state’ as well as the works of scholars who dealt with this problem. The methodological basis of the research includes scientific methods of cognition (dialectics, analysis and synthesis, deduction and induction, comparative legal and historical methods). The main conclusion of the article can be formulated as this: the greatest problem of these territorial entities is that other states do not recognize them. Although they do have many important characteristics of the state, such as territory, population, currency, state symbols, and in some cases even an army, other states do not cooperate with them. Thus, it is extremely problematic to consider these territories as sovereign states.
The ISIS Model and its Influence Over Global Terrorism
Authors: Cengiz Mahmut , Karademir Kutluer , Cinoglu Huseyin
Published: March 2022

Counter-terrorism efforts against jihadist groups have been challenging for law enforcement and the military because terrorist organizations constantly update their tactics and mimic the successful strategies of popular and influential groups, such as ISIS, that have developed a specific model for carrying out their destructive acts. ISIS created its terrorism model in 2014 and has used it to control territory, spread its ideology, create provincial branches in different regions, inspire lone actors, and generate revenue. Terrorism databases are full of incidents that involve ISISstyle tactics, targets, and affiliated groups that act as provincial branches of ISIS. This paper examines how ISIS developed its model, what components that model involves, and how the model has influenced not only jihadist groups but also right-wing extremists and drug cartels around the world. The study uses a mixed method of quantative and qualitative research, and the proposed ISIS Model is developed through a rigorous literature review.
Determinants of Demand for Health Care Among Sexually Transmitted Infections Patients in Kenya
Authors: Ogola Pauline , M. Kioko Urbanus
Published: March 2022

Globally, sexually transmitted infections (STIs) have become an enormous burden leading to high mortality and morbidity. In Kenya, various policies have been formulated to address various conditions including STIs. Individuals suffering from STIs are highly encouraged to seek medical care and avoid transmitting to uninfected individuals. In Kenya, about 14% of men and 25% of women never sought treatment for STIs or advice from any healthcare service provider. Furthermore, 42% and 23% of people with sexually transmitted infections had been symptomatic for a period of one and two weeks respectively. Although numerous studies have been conducted in many countries to establish the determinants of healthcare use among people with sexually transmitted infections, there is still very little information on the determinants of healthcare use among STI patients in Kenya. The aim of this study was to determine factors influencing health care demand for STIs in Kenya. The study analyzed data from the 2014 Kenya Demographic Household Survey (KDHS). Descriptive statistics and binary probit regression analyses were done to explore factors influencing the use of health services among STI patients in Kenya. The findings revealed that the age of the patient, sex, marital status, education levels, wealth quintiles, employment status, residence, and sex partners were statistically significant determinants of the utilization of healthcare services among STI patients in Kenya.
Diversité Et Activité Antimicrobienne Des Plantes Impliquées Dans Le Traitement Des Affections Dermatologiques Chez Les Peul Et Les Wolof Du Ferlo Nord (Sénégal)
Authors: Désiré Diatta Bétémondji , Niass Ousmane , Gueye Mathieu , Houël Emeline , Boetsch Gilles
Published: March 2022

Ce travail adhère à l'initiative de valorisation des végétaux conduite par la Grande Muraille Verte (GMV) pour faire face à la disparition des végétaux et des savoir-faire végétaux associés. L’objectif de cette étude est de déterminer la diversité végétale impliquée dans le traitement des pathologies dermatologiques au Ferlo (Sénégal) et d’évaluer l’activité antimicrobienne des plantes les plus utilisées. Pour ce faire, un guide d’entretien semi directif a été soumis aux enquêtés, afin de recueillir la diversité des plantes utilisées au Ferlo dans le traitement des dermatoses. Des tests de micro dilution ont permis d’évaluer la concentration minimale inhibitrice (CMI) d’extraits de Sept (7) plantes contre une souche fongique (Candida albicans) et une bactérienne (Staphyloccocus aureus). Vingt-huit (28) espèces réparties dans 26 genres et 14 familles ont été recensées comme impliquées dans le traitement des affections dermatologiques. L’écorce est la partie la plus exploitée, puis le latex, tandis que, la décoction, suivie de l’usage direct représentent les modes de préparation les plus fréquents. Treize (13) parmi les plantes proposées sont exclusivement utilisées contre les dermatoses, quatre (4) fréquemment exploitées, et onze (11) occasionnellement recommandées. Widou Thiengoli est la localité où l’on exploite le plus d’espèces suivi de Loughere Thiolly. Leptadenia lancifolia (Schumach.& Thonn.) Decne. Stereospermum kunthianum Cham. et Sterculia setigera Delile ont été identifiées comme actives contre Candida albicans avec respectivement des CMI de 1,5 mg/ml pour les deux premières et 0,755 mg/ml pour la troisième. Acacia seyal Delile, Sterculia setigera Delile et Anogeissus leiocarpa (DC) Guill. & Perr. ont détruit Staphylococcus aureus avec respectivement des CMI de 3 mg/ml pour les deux premières et 1,5 mg/ml pour la troisième.
Bone Tissue Changes In The Background Of "Activation Of The Immune System" During Orthodontic Treatment And Tskaltubo Water Hormesis
Authors: Adamia Jaba , Nikolaishvili Marine , Mosemghdvlishvili Nato
Published: March 2022

The use of Tskaltubo radon-containing water in orthodontics will help to improve mineral metabolism, balance between osteoresorption and bone formation phases, and reduce the intensity of osteoclastogenesis. The use of Tskaltubo radon-containing mineral water in orthodontics in comparison with the traditional protocol treatment causes a statistically significant change in the reduction of activators of resorption processes in blood plasma, increase in the level of marker of new bone formation (acid-alkaline phosphatase), as well as osteochondrosis. In particular, a decrease in the sRANKL / OPG ratio and, consequently, a decrease in the level of osteoblastogenesis inhibitor produced by osteoclasts - sclerostin, which is produced by osteoclasts. All these processes already lead to the normalization of bone mineralization, which already has a positive effect on the processes of osteointegration, which other authors note even in the use of very small doses of radiation (hormesis). We have developed an algorithmic method for the diagnosis of patients with chronic generalized periodontitis and the rapid recovery of new bone tissue in the case of orthodontic treatment and the reduction of inflammatory processes over a long period of time.
Usługi publiczne w czasie pandemii COVID-19. Analiza z uwzględnieniem specyfiki świadczenia usług niematerialnych
Authors: Behr Jolanta
Published: March 2022

Pandemia COVID-19 jest jedną z wielu pandemii, z którymi ludzkość będzie musiała się zmierzyć w nieodległym czasie. Wywiera ona wpływ na funkcjonowanie podmiotów publicznych i stosunki społeczne. Jednym z obszarów najbardziej dotkniętym jej skutkami są usługi niematerialne, których świadczenie należy do głównych zadań związków publicznoprawnych, czyli jednostek samorządu terytorialnego. Sposób i zakres świadczenia usług publicznych uległ istotnej zmianie. Z powodu ryzyka wystąpienia kolejnych pandemii, ważne jest zidentyfikowanie jak największej liczby problemów i wyzwań związanych z tą sferą oraz wypracowanie skutecznych ich rozwiązań, aby podmioty publiczne były jak najlepiej przygotowane do funkcjonowania w trudnych warunkach, a jednocześnie by nie były naruszane prawa i wolności człowieka i obywatela. W pracy wskazano główne problemy związane ze świadczeniem usług niematerialnych w czasie pandemii i zaproponowano sposoby ich rozwiązania.
Literarische Inszenierungen des Bösen in der Frühen Neuzeit : Wagnerbuch (1593-1601), Faustbuch (1587-1598), Widmans „Warhafftige Historien“ (1599) ; mit einer Edition des Wagnerbuches von 1593
Authors: Sarna Evelyn
Published: March 2022

Die vorliegende Untersuchung beschäftigt sich mit zwei Desideraten der deutschsprachigen Literatur der Frühen Neuzeit. Zum einen erstellt sie eine den aktuellen philologischen Ansprüchen genügende Edition des ‚Ander theil D. Johann Fausti Historien‘ (1593), sog. ‚Wagner-Buch‘, von dem neun Auflagen gedruckt wurden. Zum anderen nimmt sie eine intertextuelle Interpretation der diabolischen Figuren des Faust- und Wagnerbuches sowie der 1599 erschienenen ‚Wahrhafftigen Historien‘ (1599) Georg Rudolf Widmans vor. Unter Anwendung methodischer Ansatzpunkte aus NIKLAS LUHMANNS Systemtheorie, den „Gender Studies“ und „Animal Studies“ sowie der Liminalitätstheorie und den anthropologischen Ansätzen Arnold van Genneps und Victor Turners können nicht nur literarisch konstruierte und sich stetig verschiebende Machtverhältnisse zwischen den Teufeln und ihren Paktierern aufgedeckt, der inhaltlich notwendige Einsatz von Gewaltszenarien und die spezifische Präsentation von Wissen erläutert werden. Darüber hinaus offenbart sich ein komplex gestaltetes narratives Figurenkonstrukt der Teufel-Paktierer-Beziehung.
Redescription of Bactronophorus thoracites Gould (1856) and Bankia gracilis Moll (1935) from Sabah Waters, Malaysia, with Short Ecological Notes and Measurements Metrics
Authors: Ann Loo Zhen , Ann Chen Cheng , Rahim Khairul Adha Abd , Diba Farah
Published: March 2022

Highlight ResearchRedescription of marine woodborers, Bactronophorus thoracites and Bankia gracilis from the region were illustrated.New records of Bactronophorus thoracites and Bankia gracilis from the region.Addition info on the measurements of pallets was recorded.Certain ecological data on the habitat of marine woodborers Bactronophorus thoracites and Bankia gracilis were documented.AbstractMollusc wood-borers are classified into two groups: pholads and teredinids. While pholads have a limited distribution to temperate and tropical marine waters, teredinids are found worldwide. However, limited info on the taxonomy was documented on the marine wood borer in Sabah, Malaysia. Present study focuses on determining the wood borer species from Sabah waters, Malaysia. Samples were collected from fallen tree debris in the mangrove at Kota Kinabalu, Kuala Penyu and W.P. Labuan during low tide and water quality parameters were taken in-situ from all three sampling sites. Specimen identification was carried out by observing the physical characteristics of the pallets which are unique between genuses. The species Bactronophorus thoracites was identified from the Kota Kinabalu sampling site and species Bankia gracilis were found in both the Kuala Penyu and W.P. Labuan sampling site. The pallet of B. thoracite are of “dagger-and-sheath” shape, it is 26mm in length, with blade measuring 10mm in length, basal cup 4mm in length and stalk 12mm in length. The pallet of B.gracilis is characterized by the dark periostacum covering the 3-lobbed upper margin of the calcareous portion of the inner face of the cone, the pallet is 20mm in length, with the blade and stalk both measuring 10mm in length. The present study described two species of marine wood borers namely B. thoracites and B. gracilis in Sabah and W.P. Labuan with some measurement metrics and ecological parameters that were missing from previous studies that aided the process of species identification in future.
Optimization of Medium Composition for Streptomyces sp. PB2 Chitinase Production using Response Surface Methodology
Authors: Kurniawan Anandita Perwita , Puspita Indun Dewi , Husni Amir
Published: March 2022

Highlight ResearchThe chitinase production by Streptomyces sp. PB2 was studiedThe critical medium component for chitinase production were identifiedThe optimum medium composition for chitinase production was obtainedMedium optimization improved chitinase production by 6-fold increase in activityAbstractChitin is a polysaccharide compound composed of N-acetylglucosamine (NAG), which is linked by β-1,4-glycoside bonds. In producing NAG from chitin, enzymatic method using chitinase offer advantages compared to chemical degradation. Streptomyces sp. PB2 is a good candidate of chitinase producer which was previously isolated from shrimp pond sediment. However, optimization of chitinase production by Streptomyces sp. PB2 is required for large-scale production of this enzyme. This study aimed to find the optimal medium composition to increase the chitinase enzyme activity of Streptomyces sp. PB2 using the Response Surface Method. Initial screening was done to determine additional carbon and nitrogen sources in colloidal chitin broth suitable for increasing chitinase activity. Optimization of the medium composition was conducted using the Plackett-Burman design to determine the critical components in the colloidal chitin broth medium and continued by Box-Behnken model to optimize the concentration of the medium components. Chitinase activity was obtained by measuring the amount of reducing sugar (NAG) released from enzymatic reaction using DMAB reagent by means of spectrophotometer. The medium components showing high contribution in increasing chitinase activity were K2HPO4, colloidal chitin and peptone, with the confidence level value of 0.66, 0.48, and 0.38, respectively. The Box-Behnken model analysis shows that the combination of K2HPO4 0.007 g/ml, colloidal chitin 1.5 g/ml and peptone 1.5 g/ml in colloidal chitin broth are the optimal medium for Streptomyces sp. PB2, resulted in chitinase activity of 0.0125 U/ml. The increase of 6-fold in chitinase activity was achieved in this study.
UFLPlus: An Underwater Fish Lamp Technology as an Innovation of Fish-Luring Aids on Boat Lift Net
Authors: Fajriah Fajriah , Mustafa Ahmad , Rais Muhammad , Anadi La , Isamu Kobajashi Togo , Iswandi Marsuki , Salam Idrus , Sampunur Sampunur
Published: March 2022

Highlight ResearchDipped lamp technology with CCTV (UFLPlus) to catch fish was designed in such a way that the placement of components contained was integrated, water-proof, and having a good light distribution.The existence of a CCTV in new innovated UFLPlus that can record events in the water and greatly assist fishing activities of fishermen on passive fishing gear such as boat charts.UFLPlus worked well to increase the number of hauling every night of fishing (from 20-30 kg to 50-60 kg per hauling).AbstractThe usage of underwater immersion lights outfitted with CCTV is a technological innovation that is expected to solve the inadequacies of the acoustic work system while also improving the existing underwater immersion light work system. Underwater Fish Lamp Plus (UFLPlus) technology can attract attention and directly monitor the condition of fish in the sea from the boat. The purpose of this study was to understand how the UFLPlus was designed and constructed; to test its performance using lamplight, waterproof, and immersion tests; to learn how the light distribution pattern is formed; and to learn the state of the catch. The study was separated into two phases: the design and fabrication of UFLPlus, and numerous laboratory-scale experiments and outdoor trials with boat lift net fishing gear. The results reveal that UFLPlus performed effectively in the field after all of its physical components were tested in the laboratory, and that the values of light intensity and light distribution patterns are still in accordance with the level of adaptation to light reception on the fish retina. During the trial catch, 62 kg of anchovy (Stolephorus sp.), 27 kg of ponyfishes (Leiognathus sp.), 32.5 kg of fringe-scale sardinella (Sardinella fimbriata), and 17.5 kg of yellow-stripe scad (Selaroides leptolepis) were caught. UFLPlus was capable of functioning as an underwater immersion lamp that attracts fish attention and directly monitors the arrival of fish in the water in the fishing area.
Assessing Price Behavior of Tuna in Indonesia
Authors: Sukiyono Ketut , Asriani Putri Suci , Badrudin Redy , Windirah Nola , Yuristia Rahmi , Nabiu Musriyadi
Published: March 2022

Highlight ResearchPrices are often a signal for producers to produce or market products, including the price of tuna.Four price behaviors, namely trends, seasonal variation, variability and instability, and market integration, are important to study in designing business development plans.Tuna prices in Indonesia tend to have a statistically positive trend.Tuna prices tend to be stable, or do not have high variability, throughout the observations and indicate a low price risk.The price of tuna fish in each port is formed independently and is not influenced and influences each other between the markets observed.AbstractPrices of agricultural and fisheries products have always been a concern not only by producers and consumers but also by the government in designing policies to control and stabilize these prices to protect the poor. Therefore, a study of price behavior is crucial to be scrutinized more deeply and comprehensively. This research is aimed at examining and analyzing tuna (Thunnus spp.) price behavior in terms of their seasonal, trend, variability, and instability behavior as well as their market integration. For this purpose, monthly data of tuna prices from 2011:1 to 2019:12 in five tuna production centers (provinces) in Indonesia, including North Sulawesi, West Papua, Aceh, North Maluku, and Bali, at the national level were applied.  It was found that tuna prices have a positive trend and are statistically significant, excluding in West Papua. The study also found that price variability and instability were insignificant during observations. The study also concluded that the tuna price in every single province in Indonesia is formed independently.
Immune Response of White Shrimp (Litopenaeus vannamei) to Different Density and IMNV Challenge
Authors: Baladrat Nur Komariah , Nurhudah Moch , Utari Heny Budi
Published: March 2022

Highlight ResearchWhite shrimp (Litopenaeus vannamei) challenged with IMNV and different stocking densitiesThe water quality parameter values are getting worse along with the increase in stocking densityWhite shrimp THC value decreased with increasing stocking density and IMNV challenge testThe development of the IMNV increased with an increase in stocking density seen from the speed and percentage of the appearance of the clinical symptoms and histopathology results AbstractIncreasing in stocking density of shrimp affects the physiology and behaviour of their moving space. The health condition of shrimp is influenced by feeding, growth, and its susceptibility on disease. The aim of this study was to determine the development of immune response in relation to density and the presence of IMNV infection. This study used a completely randomized design (CRD) at density of 100 shrimp.m-2, 200 shrimp.m-2, and 400 shrimp.m-2, with three replications in each treatment. The shrimp used was 5,02±0,26 g and the virus infection was exposed orally. This research was facilitated at the Disease Research Centre Laboratory of Central Proteina Prima Company, Pasar Kemis, Tangerang for 30 days. The results showed that the Total Hemocyte Count (THC) in hemolymph of shrimp had different values between negative controls and challenged IMNV. The lowest THC value was found at a density of 400 shrimp m-2 (3.00x106ml-1). While the highest THC value was at a density of 100 shrimp.m-2 (4.75x106ml-1). This result is supported by the increasing value of water quality parameters along with the increasing density of shrimp. Histopathology changes on skeletal muscle and lymphoid organs confirmed that the development of IMNV infection was faster at high shrimp densities.
Carbon Sink Estimation of Mangrove Vegetation Using Remote Sensing in Segara Anakan, Cilacap
Authors: Aulia Zahra Safira , Hidayat Rizqi Rizaldi , Amron Amron
Published: March 2022

Highlight ResearchThe value of Leaf Area Index (LAI) and Normalized Different Vegetation Index (NDVI) have a strong relationship.Estimated mangrove leaf biomass and carbon stock in mangrove can be known through the Leaf Area Index (LAI) value.Each mangrove pixel can absorb the different carbon.Increasing the diameter of the tree trunk shows the more CO2 absorbed by the tree.AbstractWorldwide global warming occurs because of increasing carbon dioxide (CO2) in the atmosphere. Segara Anakan, the largest mangrove forest in Java Island, has the highest potential as a carbon sink in the tropics. This study aimed to quantify the area and density of mangrove forests in Segara Anakan and to estimate their potentials as carbon sink based on Sentinel-2A imagery. In this study, data from Sentinel 2A satellite imagery was processed and validated with field survey results. The results showed that Segara Anakan had mangrove forests covering an area of 5,481.64 ha in 2019 with the sparse density covered 706.92 ha, medium density covered of 2,526.80 ha, and high density covered 2,848.60 ha. The results of mangrove density were validated using Table Confusion Matrix and using correlation coefficient value (r) by comparing field measurement and Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI) algorithm. The accuracy for mangrove density was 86.92% with r-value 0.85. Mangrove in Segara Anakan has the ability to absorb 8.56 Mega gram of carbon per hectare. Segara Anakan mangroves have the potential to absorb high level of carbon, so we should maintain their sustainability.
Effect of Homogenization Process on the Production of Arthrospira platensis Carotenoid Nanocapsules Encapsulated with Arabic Gum and Whey Protein Concentrate
Authors: Alfionita Khusnul , Budhiyanti Siti Ari , Ekantari Nurfitri
Published: March 2022

Highlight ResearchThe homogenization process affected the particle size reductionThe homogenization process using both High Speed Homogenizer and Ultrasound had a smaller particle size and the highest efficiency in encapsulation AbstractArthrospira platensis contains a high concentration of carotenoids mainly 80 % β-carotene. The use of β-carotene in functional food and nutritional supplements was constrained by its lack of chemical and physical stability. Therefore, efforts were needed to protect carotenoids from damage by using an encapsulation system. The emulsion preparation before the encapsulation process had an influence on the stability of the oil-in-water emulsion. Various methods were used to prepare emulsions, such as high shear homogenizers (HSH) and ultrasound (US) treatment. The homogenization step was critical because it influenced the chemical stability of any encapsulated compounds. The purpose of this work was to generate nanocapsules of β-carotene with minimum carotenoid degradation, high efficiency of encapsulation, and small particle size, with variation in the homogenization process. This study consisted of 5 treatments, including the homogenization processes used HSH 24.000 rpm for 90 s ; HSH 24.000 rpm for 60 s, amplitude 55 % for 120 s ; amplitude 94 % for 138 s ;  amplitude 55 % for 138 s ;  and  amplitude 55 % for 120 s . Each parameter was analysed by ANOVA followed by Tukey pairwise comparisons with 95% confidence level and p<0.05. The particle size was influenced by the emulsification process, such as homogenization treatment, homogenization time, amplitude, and time of sonication. The sample that was homogenized using both HSH and US had a smaller particle size and the highest efficiency in encapsulation than others. The combination of homogenization process could decrease particle size.
First encounters of the microbial kind: perinatal factors direct infant gut microbiome establishment
Authors: Linehan Kevin , Dempsey Eugene M. , Ryan C. Anthony , Ross R. Paul , Stanton Catherine
Published: March 2022

The human gut microbiome harbors a diverse range of microbes that play a fundamental role in the health and well-being of their host. The early-life microbiome has a major influence on human development and long-term health. Perinatal factors such as maternal nutrition, antibiotic use, gestational age and mode of delivery influence the initial colonization, development, and function of the neonatal gut microbiome. The perturbed early-life gut microbiome predisposes infants to diseases in early and later life. Understanding how perinatal factors guide and shape the composition of the early-life microbiome is essential to improving infant health. The following review provides a synopsis of perinatal factors with the most decisive influences on initial microbial colonization of the infant gut.
Hazardous Waste Generation and Composition from Electric Train Activities
Authors:   Universitas Pertamina, Ardiana Nabila , Suryawan I Wayan Koko , Ridhosari Betani , Mutiara Sari Mega
Published: March 2022

Transportation is one of the human needs in a big city like Jakarta. Currently, the implementation of public transportation is being scaled up to reduce vehicle emissions, especially those fueled by oil. One public transportation activity is electric trains that produce hazardous solid waste. This study aims to identify the generation and composition of hazardous waste from electric train transportation activities in Jakarta. This study uses quarterly secondary data from July 2019 to March 2020. The composition of hazardous waste is calculated based on the w/w weight ratio, then looks at the effect of time and phase of each time hazardous waste generation from electric train activities. The composition of the largest hazardous waste is contaminated packaging, scrap-contaminated, and contaminated waste is 28.14%; 23.34%; and 10.72%, respectively. The lowest hazardous waste generated is used lamps at 0.10%. Hazardous waste arises from activities that contaminate to produce hazardous or toxic properties. Based on the phase, solid hazardous waste is 96%, and liquid is 4%. The analysis of the variance test showed no significant difference in terms of time (sig. 0.679) and phase (sig. 0.534). Therefore, the data used show no difference in hazardous waste generated by time or phase.
Childrens’ Participation in Free School Meals A Qualitative Study Among Pupils, Parents and Teachers
Authors: Mauer Sandra , Torheim Liv Elin , Terragni Laura
Published: March 2022

School meals can have a key function in promoting children’s health. However, simply providing a free school meal is not a guarantee that pupils will actually eat the food. The purpose of this study was to explore factors influencing pupils’ participation in free school meal schemes in Oslo The study has a qualitative research design, inspired by grounded theory. Data were collected through interviews with pupils, teachers and parents, and participant observations in two schools participating in a pilot project funded by Oslo Municipality. Line-by-line coding, memo writing and a constant comparative technique were used to analyse the data. One primary school and one lower-secondary school in different districts in Oslo that were implementing two different free school meal models. 39 pupils (5th–10th grade), 15 parents and 12 school employees were included. Four main factors related to pupils’ participation to free school meals emerged from the analysis: the popularity of the food served, the attraction to the nearby shopping centre, social aspects and predictability. To promote pupils’ participation in free school meal schemes, schools need to solve the challenges of balancing between healthy food and popular but often unhealthy food. Children and parents involvement, regularity of the meals provision, a good flow of information and the creation of a friendly eating environment are recommended
The Use of Artificial Intelligence and Deep Learning in Medical Imaging: A Nationwide Survey of Trainees in Saudi Arabia
Authors: Mirza Ahmad A. , Wazgar Omar M. , Almaghrabi Ammar A. , Ghandour Roaa M. , Alenizi Sarah A. , Alraddadi Khalid S. , Mirza Abdulrahim A. , Al-Adwani Fayzah H. , Alsakkaf Mohammed A. , Alzahrani Yahea A.
Published: March 2022

Artificial intelligence is dramatically transforming medical imaging. We assessed the levels of artificial intelligence use among radiology trainees and explored their perceived impact of artifi-cial intelligence on the radiology workflow and radiology profession, in correlation with the perceived ease of use and behavioral intention to use artificial intelligence. This cross-sectional study enrolled radiology trainees from Saudi Arabia, and an online 5-part-structured question-naire was disseminated via online networks to trainee in July 2021. We included 98 participants (51 male; age 27.59±2.02 years). Level of use was low; few used it in routine practice (7%). The impact of artificial intelligence on the radiology workflow was positively perceived in all radi-ology workflow steps (3.64–3.97 out of 5). A positive impact on the radiology profession was more frequently perceived for technical and performance aspects (81%–85%) compared with prestige and legal aspects (64%–71%). Perceived ease of use and behavioral intention to use arti-ficial intelligence was associated with the current professional activity, level of use artificial in-telligence use, and perceived impact on the profession as well as on radiology workflow (p<0.05). Levels of artificial intelligence use in radiology are very low. The perceived positive impact of ar-tificial intelligence on radiology workflow and profession is correlated with an increase in be-havioral intention to use artificial intelligence. Thus, increasing awareness about the favorable impact can improve the behavioral use.
Fibrin Strands Will Grow from Soluble Fibrin and Hang Up In an ex vivo Microcirculatory Viscoelastic Model: Is This a Major Cause of Covid-19 Associated Coagulopathy?
Authors: Bull Brian S. , Hay Karen L. , Herrmann Paul C.
Published: March 2022

Viscoelastic testing (VET) by both TEG and ROTEM has demonstrated hypercoagulability early in Covid Associated Coagulopathy (CAC). Additional VET studies demonstrated fibrinolytic shutdown late in a majority of severely ill Covid-19 patients with associated elevation of D-dimer. Elevated d-dimer confirms that coagulation, followed by fibrinolysis, has occurred. These findings imply that, during CAC, three enzymes—thrombin, Factor XIIIa and plasmin—must have acted in sequence. However, limitations in standard VET analyses preclude exploration of the earliest phases of clot induction, as well as clot formation and clot dissolution in flowing blood. Herein we describe a novel method illuminating aspects of this unexplored area. In addition, we created an ex vivo blood flow model in which the interactions of thrombin, Factor XIII and plasmin with fibrinogen can be studied, allowing determination of Soluble Fibrin (SF), the highly unstable form of fibrin that precedes the appearance of a visible clot. This model allows determination of the SF level at which fibrin microclots begin to form and the length of time the resulting microclots persist under normal fibrinolytic attack. In addition, the flow model allows exploration of the late fibrinolytic shutdown that VET has previously demonstrated in CAC through standard methodology.
Novel State-Space Realization Generalized from Turbine Blade Modeling
Authors: van Paridon Andrew , Sands Timothy
Published: March 2022

Mathematical models across the applied sciences often utilize a standard methodological representation called a state variable formulation more commonly referred to as state space form. Recent research in unmanned underwater vehicle motor turbine blade thermal modeling for fatigue-life is generalized here permitting the proposed novel state space from to be applied to electrodynamics, motion mechanics, and many other disciplines. Proposed here is a very compact form inherently representing time variance, with a convenient presentation of dynamic variables applicable to all proper transfer functions, where all the distinct, real poles, zeros and gain of the transfer function appear as explicit components in the state space. The resulting manifestation simplifies utilization of the state space methods broadly across the applied sciences.
IT Auditing Quality Assessment Based on Human, Technical and Contextual Factors
Authors: Imbaquingo Esparza Daisy Elizabeth , San Pedro Lorena , Díaz Javier , Satos_Echeverría Tatyana , Arciniega Silvia , Ortega MacArthur
Published: March 2022

IT auditing quality has been defined by results obtained in the process. Meanwhile, multiple studies have been done to enhance it therefore, it continues to be a topic interest and research so it is worth mentioning that its quality relies on trained competent auditors and experts able to develop a process correctly, adapting to clients and to manage auditing inherent risks According to results from the IT audit, low quality and security levels have been identified in terms of the human, technical and contextual factors, affecting audit quality. The objective of this investigation is to identify metrics and to determine their own corresponding factor applying an exploratory type of research. In order to achieve such aim, a targeted survey was designed and implemented at the Institute of Internal Auditors of Ecuador since they have the knowledge and expertise in the field. A factor analysis statistics technique was applied to data gathered to verify that it relates to the identified factors as dimensions are reduced, thus the most impacting metrics may assess the quality of IT audits. Analysis results yielded a mean score for each one of the assessed metrics, concluding that the technical factor is the most significative since it relates roles and task performance during the auditing process as well as control proce-dures. Finally, most auditing quality-related issues are mainly the outcome of an inferior management auditing process, therefore it is crucial that collegiate groups and professionals in the field validate the auditing process.
Body Plan Identity: A Mechanistic Model
Authors: DiFrisco James , Wagner Gunter
Published: March 2022

A body plan is a stable configuration of characters for a major taxonomic group, such as chordates or arthropods. Despite widespread casual reliance on the concept for guiding comparisons within and between groups, the nature of body plans as well as the biological causes underlying their evolution have remained elusive. This paper proposes an abstract mechanistic model of body plan identity. We hypothesize that body plans are an evolutionary phenomenon that only applies to a relatively small subset of major clades, rather than being associated with each and every so-called “phylum.” Body plans arise in evolution by stepwise accretion, and require a level of developmental complexity that is only found in some animal clades. Further, we suggest that, parallel to the developmental mechanisms controlling character identity, there are “body plan identity mechanisms” (BpIMs) that maintain entire configurations of characters while possessing a mechanistic architecture that is itself stable and traceable through evolutionary change. These BpIMs, we suggest, are entrenched intercellular signaling networks operating between transient embryonic structures that are destined to differentiate into distinct individualized characters. The activity of a BpIM results in a transient long-range integration of the embryo that is highly sensitive to genetic and environmental perturbations, and that can be detected morphologically as a conserved phylotypic stage. This model is illustrated with detailed interpretations of the notochord signaling system and the segment polarity network as candidate BpIMs in vertebrates and arthropods, respectively. We conclude by contrasting the proposed developmental-mechanistic conception of body plans with the phylogenetic notion of ground plans, and sketch the general outlines of an empirical research program on body plan evolution.
Gastroesophageal reflux disease in children: clinical manifestations and diagnostics using esophageal 24-h impedance pH monitoring
Authors:   Republican Research and Practical Center of Pediatric Surgery, Minsk, Belarus, Aksenchik M.G. , Marakhouskу K.Yu. ,   Republican Research and Practical Center of Pediatric Surgery, Minsk, Belarus
Published: March 2022

Objective. To analyze clinical manifestations and findings of impedance pH monitoring in children with suspected gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD). Patients and methods. This study included 237 children with clinical manifestations of GERD who underwent esophageal 24-h impedance pH monitoring, esophagogastroduodenoscopy (EGD), and barium swallow X-ray. Results. All participants with true GERD were divided into four subgroups according to their EGD results: A1 – erosive disease with high acid exposure time (AET) (29%), А2 – non-erosive disease with high AET (41%), B1 – erosive disease with a high number of reflux episodes (10%), and B2 – non-erosive disease with a high number of reflux episodes (20%). Esophageal 24-h impedance pH monitoring demonstrated that the number of reflux episodes was significantly higher in A1 group than in A2 group (р < 0.001). Esophageal symptoms prevailed in children with erosive disease (groups A1 and B1), whereas patients with nonerosive disease (groups A2 and B2) primarily presented with mixed symptoms (esophageal and extraesophageal). Conclusion. The majority of GERD patients in our sample were boys (65.1%). Non-erosive disease was more common (61%) according to EGD findings. Esophageal 24-h impedance pH monitoring demonstrated significant differences in the number of reflux episodes between the groups A1 and A2. Patients in group A1 had more frequent reflux episodes than patients in group A2 (p < 0.0001). Key words: gastroesophageal reflux disease, non-erosive reflux disease, esophageal 24-h impedance pH monitoring
A numerical estimate of water level elevation due to a cyclone associated with a different landfall angle
Authors: Al Mohit Md. Abdul , Towhiduzzaman Md.
Published: March 2022

Bangladesh is a disaster-prone riverine country in South Asia, most of them are cyclone-related. That's why research on cyclones in this region is very important. This study investigates the surge height associated with the changes of landfall angle due to climate change. The deflected angle of landfall was investigated from the data analysis of Bangladesh Meteorological Department (BMD), Joint typhoon warning center (JTWC), and Meteorological Research Institute- Atmospheric global circulation model (MRI-AGCM). A cyclone of future climate has been investigated from the Database for Policy Decision-Making for Future Climate Change (d4PDF) data under present and future climate conditions. To find the surge height, a vertically shallow water Cartesian coordinate model has been used to simulate the surge height. The shallow water model equations were discretized through finite difference technique with the Arakawa C grid system and solved by a conditionally stable semi-implicit manner. The fluctuated striking angle due to climate change was then applied to the known cyclone BOB 01 and the associated surge height was then investigated. We found that our simulated result and the observed result make a good agreement. We have also seen that different types of cyclones have a significant effect on the water level elevation due to their landfall angle
Team Approach: The Management of Adolescents and Adults with Scoliosis and Spina Bifida
Authors: Bradko Viachaslau , Castillo Heidi , Conklin Michael , Fremion Ellen , Rocque Brandon , Hanson Darrell , Sanz-Cortes Magdalena , Whitehead William , Castillo Jonathan
Published: March 2022

» Globally, the prevalence of myelomeningocele, the most common subtype of spina bifida, is 0.2 to 6.5 per 1,000 live births. In the U.S., adults account for >67% of the overall population with spina bifida.

» With an estimated prevalence of up to 50%, scoliosis is one of the most common and severe orthopaedic conditions in patients with myelomeningocele.

» The variable effects that scoliosis can have on an individual, the comorbidities associated with progressive scoliosis, and the risks associated with spine surgery call for a strong partnership and care coordination between medical and surgical teams to deliver a patient-centered approach.

» A coordinated, structured, planned, and incremental team approach can help individuals achieve the overall goals of functionality and independence, as well as successful transition to adulthood.

» Teams should consider a patient’s social determinants of health (e.g., poverty or language barriers) and the effect of scoliosis on quality of life before proceeding with spinal deformity correction.
Community of Inquiry for Students’ Autonomy in English Language Learning: A Case of Philippines High School
Authors: Rachman Alqy Novia , Maghfiroh Ana , Mustikawati Diyah Atiek , Indriastuti Niken Reti
Published: March 2022

There were many researchers bring out the topic of the community of inquiry (CoI) in education but there were still few teachers who were aware of the importance of CoI and how to implement CoI into learning. This study was, then, aimed at finding out (1) how the community of inquiry was explicitly applied to English language learning, as well as (2) the impact of the community of inquiry to promote students’ autonomous learning. This research was a case study. The researcher used observation and interview as the research instrument. The subjects were the seventh and eighth-grade students of Pangasinan State University (PSU) Integrated High School, Philippines. The sample has consisted of 101 participants from three classes: 7th-grade Malakas and Maganda, and 8th-grade Matapat. The finding showed that CoI had been implemented during the English language teaching and learning process. Group activity or collaborative task was mostly used to engage students to learn and work in a community. In language acquisition, CoI was supposed to provide students with not only cognitive intelligence but also much-needed social intelligence. Therefore, the CoI approach has been considered to be effective in language teaching activities for secondary education students to enhance students’ autonomous learning.
The CROWDFUNDING AND ISLAMIC SECURITIES: THE ROLE OF FINANCIAL LITERACY
Authors: Majid Rifaldi , Nugraha Rizky Aditya
Published: March 2022

This study aims to investigate the effect of Islamic Financial Literacy on the intentions of prospective Muslim investors to invest through the Islamic securities crowdfunding FinTech (I-SCF FinTech) platform. With employed Partial Least Square – Structural Equation Modeling, this study used 100 valid samples from the total 125 questionnaires filled in.  The sample technique was Simple random sampling with convenience technique. Data were obtained through filling out online questionnaires using a google form containing questions adopted from relevant research. We also employed the Technology Acceptance Model (TAM) combined with the Theory of Planned Behavior (TPB) which also integrated with Islamic Financial Literacy (IFL) focused on investment. The main finding in this study is that IFL switch is the identity as well as the risks inherent in Islamic financial products is found to have a significant effect on behavioral intention. The results of this study are expected to add to the scientific treasures on the side of investors' intentions to adopt I-SCF FinTech which is still very rarely done. Practically, the research has implications for the need to strengthen product and contract literacy followed by supervision and implementation of contracts that are in line with sharia principles through synergy between the Financial Service Authority (OJK) and the crowdfunding FinTech associations as well as relevant stakeholders.
ESG ACTIVITIES AND BANK EFFICIENCY: ARE ISLAMIC BANKS BETTER?
Authors: Alam Ahmed W. , Banna Hasanul , Hassan M. Kabir
Published: March 2022

In this paper, we investigate the differential impact of ESG activities on banks’ technical efficiency for conventional and Islamic banks. We employ a Data Envelopment Analysis (DEA) technique to determine the efficiency scores of the banks. Based on a sample of 14 conventional and 11 Islamic banks from 4 countries over the period 2011 - 2019, we find that average DEA-generated efficiency of conventional (Islamic) banks is about 38.8% (42.45%). Baseline Tobit regressions suggest that ESG has an overall positive impact on banks’ efficiency. Further, we analyze the relationship for conventional and Islamic banks separately. We find that the positive effect sustains for conventional banks but turns out to be insignificant for Islamic banks. Our individual ESG dimension-wise analyses suggest that environmental activities positively influence the efficiency of both conventional and Islamic banks, whereas social activities strengthen the efficiency of conventional banks only. We do not find any significant result in favor of governance-related initiatives. Our baseline results survive the robustness test based on Simar and Wilson (2007) two-stage efficiency analysis. Based on our findings, we argue that Islamic banks lack sufficient investment on ESG friendly initiatives. We recommend that Islamic banks increase their awareness of the benefits of ESG ratings and pay attention to improve their overall and dimension-wise ESG performance.