bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Application of Metal Oxide Gas Sensors for the Detection of Fuel Contamination in ICEs Oil
Authors: Fioravanti Ambra , Sequino Luigi , Sementa Paolo
Published: August 2023

In modern internal combustion engines, oil represents a real component. It carries out the essential tasks: lubrication and heat dissipation. On one hand, it directly influences the vehicle performances and, on the other hand, it is subjected to an unavoidable dirtying and degradation process during operation. For these reasons, it requires a dedicated maintenance program which traditionally consists in a scheduled substitution without the analysis of its actual state. To this purpose, the current work aims to show the potential use of nanostructured metal oxides (MOX) gas sensors to develop a new online, on-board, non-invasive device for the oil monitoring. Indeed, they could analyze the oil vapors from the recirculation pipe directly in the engine head. For this analysis, two traditional engine oils have been considered and used in the same test bench. It is equipped with a small spark ignition engine operated in different conditions and fed in turn with different fuels or blends (gasoline, ethanol, and methanol). Besides, a set of MOX sensors, based on traditional and advanced materials, has been realized with thick film technology. The correlation between the oil sample state and its vapor composition monitored by MOX sensors has been investigated confirming the possibility to realize an online device.
Potentials of Air Path Variabilities and Water Injection in HD Gas Engines
Authors: Betz Marius , Eilts Peter
Published: August 2023

The transportation sector, and commercial vehicles in particular, play an important role in global CO2 emissions. For this reason, the EU recently decided to reduce CO2 emissions from commercial vehicles by 30% until 2030. One alternative to conventional diesel propulsion is the usage of stoichiometric natural gas combustion. Due to the lowered C/H ratio and the cost effective exhaust after treatment (EAT) in form of a three way catalyst (TWC), less CO2 is emitted and it is possible to comply even with most stringent NOX legislations. However, the stoichiometric combustion of natural gas has also disadvantages. In particular, the throttling and retarded 50 % mass fuel burned (MFB50) positions due to knocking lead to efficiency losses. One way to minimize these is the usage of exhaust gas re-circulation (EGR), Miller cycle and water injection. The reduced knocking tendency allows the geometric compression ratio to be increased further, which leads to an additional efficiency advantage. However, the above-mentioned measures in combination have not yet been investigated holistically on commercial vehicle engines. The aim of this project was therefore to evaluate the above-mentioned measures both experimentally and simulatively for future concepts. The experimental part was already been shown by the author in an earlier publication, in which experimental tests were carried out on a single-cylinder commercial vehicle engine. These results have now been used to calibrate a predictive combustion and knock model. Using a validated air path model of a commercial vehicle engine from MAN Truck & Bus, these three technologies are now transferred to a full engine and the effects with a realistic turbocharging system are investigated. The results with the reference turbocharger show, that Miller valve timing has a higher potential for increasing efficiency compared to EGR, which can be mainly attributed to improved utilization of the exhaust gas enthalpy and lowered unburned gas temperatures which reduces knocking. With a specially designed two-stage turbocharging system for Miller valve timing, the compression ratio could be increased which leads to an additional efficiency increase. Thus, an efficiency improvement of 4.8 % points compared to the reference natural gas engine configuration could be achieved. This corresponds to a CO2 reduction of 19 % compared to a conventional commercial vehicle diesel engine.
Piston Pre-Heating Using a Pressurized-Heated Oil Buffer: A Practical Method to Reduce ICE Emissions and Fuel Consumption
Authors: Bovo Mirko , Mubarak Ali Mohammed Jaasim
Published: August 2023

Engine cold start is characterized by sub-optimal combustion efficiency due to the low temperature of the combustion chamber; this heavily increases engine raw emissions at start. One driving phenomenon is a limited fuel evaporation rate. Consequently, a liquid fuel film remains on the piston top at ignition. Liquid fuel deposited on the piston top is a well-known cause of “pool-fire”, leading to high levels of particle emissions; a problem particularly noticeable with bio-based renewable fuels. Engine piston pre-heating can be deployed to prevent or limit the formation of such fuel film and associated pollutants. In this work a practical technique is proposed to effectively pre-heat the pistons immediately before engine cold start. The device consists of a pressurized-heated oil buffer which pre-heats the pistons via the existing piston cooling nozzles. The device provides further benefits in emissions and fuel consumption in two ways: 1) the warm oil pre-lubricates the engine working surfaces reducing friction and 2) reducing the engine thermal inertial by reducing the active oil mass. The first part of this work is a detailed summary of numerical and experimental analysis evidencing the benefits of piston and engine oil pre-heating. The study suggests a near complete evaporation of the fuel film on the piston top at ignition timing, primary source of cold start particle emissions and a reduction in HC due to the favorable combustion chamber preconditioning. Emissions are further lowered by the reduced engine friction due to oil and bearing pre-heating. Moreover, lower engine friction and higher combustion efficiency return a decrease in vehicle fuel consumption. The second part of this work describes the pressurized oil buffer working principles, its pros and cons. The third part elaborates on the implementation strategy and synergies of the oil buffer with different powertrains and application scenarios.
Influence of Characterising Materials Thicknesses on the Thermal Response of Cylindrical Battery Cells
Authors: Broatch Alberto , Olmeda Pablo , Margot Xandra , Kumar Kundan
Published: August 2023

Rising concern towards environment and decarbonization has increased the demand of EVs. However, one of the major challenges for these vehicles is to achieve the same driving ranges as that of ICEs. This can be attained by increasing the power of cells without altering their sizes; conversely, this has important effects on the cell thermal behaviour. The focus of this paper is to analyse the impact of changing the characterizing materials thicknesses of collectors and electrodes of a cylindrical cell on its thermal response and to determine an optimal configuration. The CFD software considered to conduct this research uses the equivalent circuit model (ECM) to represent a cell and requires material physical properties to calculate the thermal response. In the calculations presented, resistance, capacitance, and Open Circuit Voltage (OCV) needed for the ECM are obtained from experimental measurements. The electric model provides the flow of current in the cell, that can only be elicited in the active zone. The thermal model only allows to define the active zone with equivalent material properties, such as the equivalent conductivity of the cylindrical cell in radial and axial directions. Henceforth, it is crucial to precisely define the active zone. For this, a new model has been developed for the calculation of the equivalent conductivity of a cylindrical cell. The validation of the proposed method is accomplished using perspective analysis. With the values of thermal conductivity obtained using this approach, CFD simulations are programmed, that yield the power generated by the cell and its temperature in function of charge/discharge. These are compared with the original design and allow defining the optimal thicknesses of current collectors and electrodes.
Distribution of Cooling Structures in Water Cooled Electrical Machines Using Localized Loss Profiles
Authors: Ellenrieder Christoph , Reick Benedikt , Kaufmann André , Geimer Marcus
Published: August 2023

Cooling is a critical factor for improving power density in electrical appliances, especially in integrated drives for mobile applications. However, the issue of distributed losses in electric machines can lead to hotspots and temperature gradients within the electric drive. Traditional cooling jackets use unidirectional flow without or with evenly distributed cooling structures. This often aggravates the issue of hotspots, resulting in thermal derating and thus limiting the operation range. As well, a non-demand oriented distribution of cooling structures leads to unnecessary pressure losses.

This problem is addressed with a newly elaborated method for distributing cooling elements, i.e., pin fins with varying density distribution inside the cooling channel. Results from previous work, numerical simulations, and measurement data from a planar test bench are used. The approach segments the cooling channel by using a loss profile. This profile and analytic heat transfer calculations are used to determine the required density of cooling elements for dissipating the locally induced losses. For a linear channel with uniformly distributed losses, this results in an increasing number of cooling elements within the channel in fluid flow direction. With localized losses, this will result in an increased density distribution in the respective areas. The method is evaluated by applying it to a planar test channel and investigating the temperature distribution on a test bench. First results indicate that the newly developed cooling element distribution provides an advantageous temperature distribution. The temperature gradient along the cooling channel shows a reduction from 23 K to 9 K with the distributed cooling elements.

The method, previously tested in the linear planar channel, then is applied to the construction of a cooling jacket with a specifically designed two-layer cooling channel. This design is analyzed using CFD, a prototype is currently under production. Tests on the prototype will follow in further investigations.
Simulative Estimation of a Super-High-Efficiency Stoichiometric Gasoline Engine with GT-Power
Authors: Stoll Tobias , Kulzer Andre Casal , Berner Hans-Juergen
Published: August 2023

This paper presents a concept of a high efficiency stoichiometric gasoline engine first published in [1]. The engine is modelled in GT-Power and uses the FKFS UserCylinder. All effects and components that cannot be modelled with these two software modules are estimated by tuning the model parameters to achieve the desired effects. The basic concept of the engine for the model was first published in [2] and [3] by Negüs et al. and includes engine friction reduction, improved turbocharger efficiency, variable compression ratio and variable valve train to allow Miller-Cycle and zero-cam profile cylinder deactivation capability. To further increase efficiency of the engine, measures are introduced to increase knock resistance. The first measure includes a pre-chamber spark plug, which proved to significantly reduce combustion duration [4] and thus the likelihood of knock due to rapid combustion of the fuel mass. The second measure is a high-turbulence tumble concept with a switchable tumble flap to further shorten the burn time. The third measure is high-pressure injection [5], feeding fuel close to TDC of the compression stroke. This slows down the pre-knock reactions and further reduces the engine's knock probability. The engine uses an electrically heated three-way catalytic converter and a gasoline particle filter. To make the simulation for the engine comparable, it is integrated into a P0-hybrid-electric powertrain and simulated in a comparative analysis with a low-cost engine for four representative drive cycles.
Simulation-based Assessment of Fuel Economy Performance in Heavy-Duty Fuel Cell Vehicles
Authors: Sorrentino Marco , Bevilacqua Giuseppe , Bove Giovanni , Pianese Cesare
Published: August 2023

This work aims at addressing the challenge of reconciling the surge in road transportation with the need to reduce CO2 emissions. The research particularly focuses on exploring the potential of fuel cell technology in long-distance road haulage, which is currently a major solution proposed by relevant manufacturers to get zero local emissions and an increased total payload.

Specifically, a methodology is applied to enable rapid and accurate identification of techno-economically effective fuel cell hybrid heavy-duty vehicle (FCH2DV) configurations. This is possible by performing model-based co-design of FCH2DV powertrain and related control strategies. Through the algorithm, it is possible to perform parametric scenario analysis to better understand the prospects of this technology in the decarbonization path of the heavy-duty transportation sector, changing in an easy way all the parameters involved. The tool used is based on the truck longitudinal dynamics model to evaluate the power required at the wheels; furthermore, the tool operates with independent control strategies that automatically adapt to the configuration under investigation. The battery and driving specifications were selected to align with the current market trends.

The Hybrid (FCH2DV) and plug-in (PFCH2DV) vehicle design and management scenarios were then compared, and the results indicated a fuel economy that is consistent with current literature and preliminary on-field/commercial vehicle tests. A parametric cost analysis was accomplished to determine the configuration’s techno-economic feasibility. Particularly, a literature search on the actual cost of electricity and green hydrogen destined to FCH2DV supply was carried-out, also relying on projected costs until 2030. The outcomes indicated that adopting battery charge-depleting energy management reduces PFCH2DV cost per kilometer and fuel consumption by 8 and 1.9%, respectively, as compared to the full hybrid (i.e., FCH2DV), enabling interesting cost abatement if convenient grid-based battery recharging is available.
Fuel Cell Hybrid Electric Vehicle Control: Driving Pattern Recognition Techniques to Improve Vehicle Energy Efficiency
Authors: Bartolucci Lorenzo , Cennamo Edoardo , Cordiner Stefano , Donnini Marco , Grattarola Federico , Mulone Vincenzo , Pasqualini Ferdinando
Published: August 2023

Hydrogen technologies have been widely recognized as effective means to reduce Greenhouse Gases emissions, a crucial issue to target a Carbon-free world aimed by the European Green Deal. Within the road transport sector, electric vehicles with a hybrid powertrain, including battery packs and hydrogen Fuel Cells (FCs), are gaining importance owing to their adaptability to a wide variety of applications, high driving mileages and short refueling times. The control strategy is crucial to achieve a proper management of the energy flows, to maximize energy efficiency and maximize components durability and state of health. This work is focused on the design of an integrated Energy Management Strategy (EMS), whose aim is to minimize the hydrogen consumption, by operating the FC mainly in the high efficiency region while the battery pack works according to a charge sustaining mode. The proposed EMS is composed of a control algorithm and a supervisor. A series of fuzzy controllers have been implemented: their Membership Functions have been designed by starting from a first guess and subsequently they have been trained through a Genetic Algorithm, targeting the optimal results previously obtained by a Dynamic Programming approach on specific driving cycles, resulting from a k-means clustering algorithm. On the other hand, within the supervisor, a Driving Pattern Recognition algorithm has been implemented, able to detect in real-time the actual driving conditions and to switch adaptively between the proper sub-optimized fuzzy controller options. The analysis has been performed for a microcar application, with four 2kW-nominal in-wheel motors, two 2kW rated power FCs and a 5.1kWh-capacity battery pack. The FC model has been validated through experimental tests. Results show that the system is able to manage the battery State of Charge around the target value (70%), considering two driving cycles, and to maintain the sub-optimal performances with an increase in hydrogen consumption of only 3.7 % if compared to the global optimum of Dynamic Programming results.
Numerical Modelling and Experimental Validation of the Thermal Behavior of Li-ion Batteries for EVs Applications
Authors: Castiglione Teresa , Perrone Diego , La Gamba Daria , Bova Sergio , Sequino Luigi , Vaglieco Bianca Maria
Published: August 2023

In this work, a dynamic 0-D electro-thermal model of a lithium-polymer battery for automotive applications is presented. The model predicts the battery temperature during its charging/discharging phases under different environmental and operating conditions, by considering the requested power or current, the coolant flow rate and its temperature as model inputs. The model was first validated with experimental data carried out at the test bench where only the convective heat transfer between the battery and the ambient air was considered. The accuracy of the internal heat generation model was experimentally assessed for different current discharge rates. Then, a liquid cooling system was designed on purpose, assembled, and installed on the battery at the test bench for the improvement of the model predictions in liquid convection conditions. Results show a very good predictive capability of the model both for the electrical quantities (battery voltage and state-of-charge) and for the thermal ones (battery and coolant temperature). The proposed model, validated for a single cell, was extended to a battery pack, which fulfills the power requirements of an urban vehicle and simulations for different cooling strategies were performed over a Worldwide harmonized Light vehicles Test Cycle (WLTC).
Multi-Dimensional Simulation of Battery Degradation during Fast-Charging with Active Thermal Management
Authors: Koltsakis Grigorios , Koutsokeras Odysseas , Lampropoulos Zisis , Besinas Dimitrios , Spyridopoulos Spyridon , Kanatas Apostolos
Published: August 2023

The degradation rate of Li-ion batteries and therefore their useful life depends on many parameters, including temperature, charge/discharge rates, the chemistry and microstructure of electrodes. The importance of understanding these mechanisms explains the large interest in developing predictive electrochemical ageing models accounting for the known deterioration mechanisms, mainly related to SEI layer formation and Li-plating. Usually, these ageing models are developed and applied at cell level assuming perfect uniformity in all dimensions apart from the through-plane direction. In this work, we extend the model to all dimensions within the cell to account for intra-cell non-uniformities in terms of local temperature and current. However, the temperature distribution of a cell within a battery pack depends on the interaction with its environment, which typically involves active cooling via an external fluid circulation within a channel network. Therefore, to obtain the temperature distribution within the cell, it is necessary to solve for the 3-dimensional field in the pack. In fact, this solution needs to account for the heat source terms generated in the cells during operation, especially during fast-charging, where heat release becomes critical. In this work, we solve the multi-dimensional thermal and electrochemical problem of battery operation during fast-charging including a detailed electro-chemical ageing model which predicts the formation of Li-plating and SEI formation. The thermal and electrochemical models are calibrated via in-house experiments. The simulation is performed using a commercial software. The results illustrate that battery degradation can have substantial intra-cell and intra-pack non-uniformities due to the non-uniform heat dissipation during fast-charging. The modeling approach presented here can be further used as a tool to predict the battery lifetime and optimize its design and cooling system parameters.
Thermal Model for the analysis of the Thermal Runaway in Lithium-Ion Batteries using Accelerating Rate Calorimetry
Authors: Martin Jaime , Monsalve-Serrano Javier , Micó Carlos , Elkourchi Imad
Published: August 2023

Accelerating rate calorimetry (ARC) has emerged as a powerful tool for evaluating the thermal behavior of Li-ion cells and identifying potential safety hazards. In this work, a new physical thermal model has been developed based on the first law of thermodynamics for analyzing heat and mass generated by Lithium-ion battery cells under thermal abuse conditions during EV-ARC tests. The analysis is based on the experimental data gathered from an ARC, including different temperatures and pressure inside a gas-tight canister located in the calorimeter chamber, as well as the gas composition at the end of the test. The energy balance of the battery cell includes: the energy released by the cell, the internal energy of the elements inside the canister, heat transfer between elements inside the canister, as well as the mass transfer between the cell and the gases inside the canister. The model allows obtaining the total energy released during thermal runaway for any kind of cylindric Li-ion cells chemistries, as well as the evolution of the instantaneous gas compositions and the mass released as a result of the thermal runaway. This work provides essential insights into this phenomenon caused by thermal abuse in an extended volume accelerated rate calorimeter, to support safer thermal management system development.
Thermal Runaway Characterization in an Optically Accessible Vessel: Effect of Battery Cell Chemistry and State of Charge
Authors: Richardet Lucas , de Persis Stéphanie , Bardi Michele , Lecompte Matthieu , Brocchetto Vincent
Published: August 2023

One of the solutions for reducing greenhouse gas emissions in the transport sector is the electrification of mobility. The technology currently most widely used by car manufacturers is the Li-ion battery (LiB). Unfortunately, Li-ion batteries can suffer dramatic events with catastrophic consequences known as thermal runaway (TR). TR has many possible causes: excessive temperature, mechanical deformation, electrical overcharge, internal short circuit. Typically, TR causes violent combustion that is difficult or impossible to control, with the emission of potentially toxic gases and particles. TR is a major problem for manufacturers and can have serious consequences for users. Understanding TR is a key safety issue.

This paper presents a new methodology to characterize the thermal runaway of Li-ion battery cells, combining gas analysis, thermodynamic measurements and high-speed imaging. The protocol was applied to characterize two commercial battery cell types with different positive electrode chemistries (NCA and NMC). For each battery cell type, the measurements were performed at different states of charge (SOC).

The protocol used allowed the identification of several parameters characterizing the TR event, such as the temperature at which Venting and TR occur or the pressure peak following the TR event. The analysis of the high-speed movies also provided insights into the combustion initiation and its evolution.

As expected, the results showed that the thermal runaway for both chemistries is significantly influenced by the SOC. These parameters provided a coherent and robust description of the event, while also providing valuable data for the validation of numerical models.
Driving Style Effects on Road EV Battery Performance and Remaining Useful Life
Authors: Capasso Clemente , Iannucci Luigi , Sequino Luigi , Vaglieco Bianca Maria , Veneri Ottorino
Published: August 2023

The aim of this paper is to analyze the effects of different driving styles and patterns onboard battery packs (BPs) supplying electric vehicles. The analysis is carried out by using real urban driving cycles, acquired through vehicle On Board Diagnostic Port (OBDP), and a Matlab-Simulink scaled BP model, in which lithium BP has been parametrized and validated through specific experimental tests. The results have been mainly focused on the evaluations of BP State of Health (SoH) and capacity fading decreasing during its lifetime at several critical conditions. In particular, these evaluations have allowed critical driving and environmental operative conditions to be identified and highlighted. The obtained results provide useful information for both producers of Battery Electric Vehicle (BEV) Energy Storage Systems (ESS) in the design stage, and for artificial intelligence driver support systems, mainly focused on extending overall vehicle life.
Initial Development of a Physics-Aware Machine Learning Framework for Soot Mass Prediction in Gasoline Direct Injection Engines
Authors: Jayaprakash Bharat , Wilmer Brady , Northrop William F.
Published: August 2023

Calibration of automotive engines to ensure compliance with emission regulations is a critical phase in product development. Control of engine-out particulate emissions, which directly impact the environment and public health, is particularly important. Detailed physics-based models are typically used to gain a rich understanding of the complex physical phenomena that drive the soot particle formation in an engine cylinder. However, such models often fail to correctly represent the highly dynamic nature of the underlying mechanisms under transient combustion conditions. Moreover, most physics-based models were initially developed for diesel engine applications and their applicability to gasoline engines remains questionable due to differences in flame structure and fuel-wall interactions. Black-box models have been previously proposed to predict engine-out soot emissions, but their lack of physical interpretability is an unsolved drawback. To address these limitations, we present a physics-aware twin-model machine learning framework to predict and analyze engine-out soot mass from a gasoline direct injection (GDI) engine. The framework combines a physics-based model with a bagging-type ensemble learning model that both maintains high accuracy and allows physical interpretation of results without using computationally intensive high-fidelity models. This work shows why a one-model-fits-all approach fails in the case of predicting soot emissions due to clustered co-occurrences of operating conditions that cause non-compliant behavior. We compare the performance of the proposed framework with that of the standalone baseline model and a feed-forward deep neural network. Using WLTP data from a 2.0L naturally aspirated GDI engine, the proposed framework predicts engine-out soot mass with an improvement of 29% in the R2 value and 21% in the root mean squared error from the baseline physics-based model, without compromising physical interpretability. These improvements are significant enough to warrant further framework development with additional engine datasets.
Decoupling Effects in Wet-Running Multi Plate Clutches – Extended and Efficient Use in Hybrid Drive Trains
Authors: Bischofberger Arne , Bause Katharina , Ott Sascha , Albers Albert
Published: August 2023

The functional extension of vibration reduction in continuous slip operation in modern wet-running clutch systems under dynamic excitation is being investigated by the authors. Therefore, a mixed virtual-physical validation environment has been developed using the IPEK X-in-the-Loop Framework and will be presented as part of this contribution. Thus, the validation environment enables the consideration of interactions with the residual systems, especially the residual drive train.

In this contribution, the validation environment is used to investigate whether and how an attribute variation in the subsystem, respectively the tribological system, can provide improved vibration reduction without increased power dissipation due to damping but other reducing mechanisms favored. The results show significant differences in vibration reduction behavior whereas the power losses are almost the same between the investigated tribological system. A main conclusion derived is: with an aimed design of the tribological system it is possible to favor other reducing effects beside damping and therefore favor a more efficient vibration reduction for the same dynamic slip operation.

The knowledge gained allows the clutch system to be designed specifically for functional extension, thus improving the trade-off between comfort and efficiency. Finally using the clutch system in hybrid electric vehicles as a mechatronic dynamic actuator enables weight- and space-optimized drive train development, which can eventually also improve efficiency, range and comfort behavior in electrified vehicles with gearboxes and provide a basis for the development of corresponding control strategies.
HIL based Real-Time Co-Simulation for BEV Fault Injection Testing
Authors: Konzept Anja , Reick Benedikt , Pintaric Igor , Osório Caio
Published: August 2023

Battery electric vehicle (BEV) adoption and complex powertrains pose new challenges to automotive industries, requiring comprehensive testing and validation strategies for reliability and safety. Hardware-in-the-loop (HIL) based real-time simulation is important, with cooperative simulation (co-simulation) being an effective way to verify system functionality across domains. Fault injection testing (FIT) is crucial for standards like ISO 26262.

This study proposes a HIL-based real-time co-simulation environment that enables fault injection tests in BEVs to allow evaluation of their effects on the safety of the vehicle. A Typhoon HIL system is used in combination with the IPG CarMaker environment. A four-wheel drive BEV model is built, considering high-fidelity electrical models of the powertrain components (inverter, electric machine, traction battery) and the battery management system (BMS). Additionally, it enables validation of driving dynamics, routes and environmental influences and provides a precise analysis of the effect of powertrain system faults on driving behavior. A possible case for a fault injection is to introduce a shoot-through fault in the inverter. Through the co-simulation, it is possible to analyze the effects on the powertrain and the vehicle dynamics in different driving situations (e.g. snow). This work demonstrates that co-simulation is a valuable tool for the development and validation of BEVs, and presents specific fault cases introduced into the powertrain and the resulting effects tested under different driving conditions. In addition, the study discusses the system's limitations and future possibilities such as controller hardware integration (Controller-HIL) and autonomous driving system validation.
CNC TEZGAHLARININ DİJİTAL İKİZ MODELİ İLE KOMUT TAMAMLANMA SÜRELERİNİN TAHMİN EDİLMESİ
Authors: CESUR Elif , CESUR Raşit , AYDOĞAN Beyza Nur
Published: August 2023

Endüstride dijital dönüşümün başlamasıyla fiziksel sistemlerin dijital ortamda modellenerek üretim verimliliğinin artması için çok sayıda çalışma yapılmıştır. Bu çalışamalar mevcut yöntemlere kıyasla daha karmaşık sorunları çözmek, maliyet ve kalite açısından daha etkin üretim yapmak amacıyla gerçekleştirilmektedir. Dijitalleşme çalışmalarında yapay zekâ ve makine öğreniminin endüstriyel operasyonlara dahil edilmesi oldukça önemli bir adım olmuştur. IoT ile entegre yapay zekâ ve makine öğrenimi, veri toplama, işleme ve bilgi çıkarımın tek bir yerde yapılmasına izin verdiği için büyük bir potansiyele sahip olduğu görülmüştür. Bu teknolojilerin kullanıldığı alanlardan biri ise Dijital İkiz (Dİ) uygulamalarıdır. Dİ ile, gerçek dünyanın sanal ortamda birebir modeli oluşturularak sistemlerin gerçek zamanlı kontrolü sağlanmaktadır. Endüstriyel kontrolde Dİ teknolojisinin uygulanabileceği en etkin bileşenler ise 3 boyutlu yazıcılar, robotlar ve CNC tezgâhlarıdır. Bu çalışmada, öncelikle üretim sistemlerinin Dİ modelinin geliştirilmesi hedeflenmiştir. Çalışmanın ikinci aşamasında ise geliştirilen Dİ modeli ile esnek imalat sistemi tezgahlarında doğrusal hareket komutlarının tamamlanma süresi tahmin edilmiştir. Tahmin aşamasında birden çok makine öğrenmesi algoritmaları kullanılmış ve performansları karşılaştırılmıştır. 0.995745 R2ve 0.991615 doğruluk değerleri ile Yapay sinir ağları modeli en iyi yöntem olduğu görülmektedir.
Exploring the Role of Open Artificial Intelligence Platform on Surgical Management of Knee Osteoarthritis: A Case Study of ChatGPT
Authors: Seth Ishith
Published: August 2023

Chat Generative Pre-Trained Transformer 3 (ChatGPT3) is an open artificial intelligence (AI) platform that utilizes deep learning to produce human-like text, which could greatly reduce the time spent on literature search, data analysis and research writing in future, and ensures academic standards of writing. This study aims to evaluate the information provided by open artificial intelligence, Chat Generative Pre-Trained Transformed 3 (ChatGPT3) and its use in orthopedic surgery research writing. Serial of five prompted questions on surgical management of knee osteoarthritis (OA) were asked from ChatGPT3. The answers were reviewed and scrutinized for how updated, accurate and succinctly presented the information was in text and referencing. The information ChatGPT3 provided was accurate, albeit surface-level. It lacked analytical abilities, missed vital studies, and all references links were incorrect. It seems that while the algorithm has access to all information on the internet until 2021, it lacked the analytical ability to dissect for important limitations about knee OA, which would not be conducive to potentiating creative ideas and solutions in orthopedic surgery. ChatGTP3 only promotes convergent thinking and prevent innovation and therefore should be limited within the scope of research or at least reviewed under the guidance of experts.
A Rare Case of Bacteremia caused by Ochrobactrum anthropi in Patient with Chronic Kidney Failure Treated by Hemodialysis
Authors: Şenol Feray Ferda , Küçüksu Mehmet , Timurkaan Esra Suay , Şenol Arzu , Öner Pınar , Aytaç Özlem , Aşçı Toraman Zülal
Published: August 2023

Ochrobactrum anthropi, previously known as "Achromobacter group Vd", is a gram-negative, non-lactose-fermenting, obligate aerobic, indole-negative, oxidase-positive, urease-positive, motile bacillus. In recent years, it has emerged as a nosocomial infection agent especially in central venous catheters in both immunosuppressed and immunocompromised individuals. In this case report, a 56-year-old female patient who underwent dialysis for two days a week due to chronic kidney failure and had O. anthropi isolated in blood culture samples taken after fever increased is presented. In conclusion, it should be kept in mind that unusual microorganisms such as catheter-related O. anthropi may appear as causative agents in patients undergoing dialysis due to renal failure.
Development and application of kinetic-spectrophotometric method for analysis of diflubenzuron in soil samples using SPE followed by HPLC method
Authors:   University of Niš, Faculty of Science and Mathematics, Department of Chemistry, Pecev-Marinković Emilija , Miletić Ana ,   University of Niš, Faculty of Science and Mathematics, Department of Chemistry, Pavlović Aleksandra ,   University of Niš, Faculty of Science and Mathematics, Department of Chemistry, Dekić Vidoslav
Published: August 2023

The purpose of this paper is to present a new sensitive and simple kinetic-spectrophotometric method for the determination of the insecticide diflubenzuron (DFB). The kinetic method is based on the inhibition effect of DFB on the oxidation of sulfanilic acid (SA) by potassium periodate in acetate buffer in the presence of Fe(III) ion as a catalyst and 1,10-phenantroline. The reaction was monitored spectrophotometrically by measuring the increase in absorbance with time of the reaction product at 368 nm. Diflubenzuron was determined with linear calibration graph in the interval from 0.0374 to 0.374 μg/cm3 and from 0.374 to 26.18 μg/cm3. The detection limit and quantification limit of the method with 3σ criteria were 0.0039 μg/cm3 and 0.0131 μg/cm3, respectively. The relative standard deviations for five replicate determinations of 0.0374, 0.188 and 0.374 μg/cm3 DFB were 2.24, 2.11 and 1.10%, respectively. The method was successfully applied to determine DFB residues in soil samples. Solid-phase extraction (SPE) was used for extraction of DFB from soil and samples with Chromabond® (Macherey-Nagel) C18 cartridges. The HPLC method was used as a comparative method to verify the results. The results obtained by two different methods showed good agreement.
Investigation of Electrochemical Behavior of Mordant Dye (C.I. 17135) at Glassy Carbon and Silver Electrodes
Authors:   Ondokuz Mayıs University, Sciences and Arts Faculty, Department of Chemistry, Turkey, MENEK Necati , ZEYREKLİ Serpil ,   Ondokuz Mayıs University, Sciences and Arts Faculty, Department of Chemistry, Turkey, KARAMAN Yeliz ,   Sinop University, Sciences and Arts Faculty, Department of Chemistry, Turkey
Published: August 2023

In this study, the electrochemical behaviour of Mordant dye (C.I. 17135) was investigated in Britton-Robinson (BR) buffer (pH 2.0-12.0) media by using different voltammetric techniques: square wave voltammetry (SWV), cyclic voltammetry (CV), differential pulse voltammetry (DPV) and direct current voltammetry (DCV). The electrochemical behavior of the dye has been investigated by using a glassy carbon electrode (GCE) and silver electrode (SE). The brode peak of the azo dye occurred at SW and DP voltammograms, is due to its adsorption on the glassy carbon and silver electrode surfaces. Two reduction peaks were observed at pH < 9.5, and one reduction peak was observed at pH > 9.5 for SWV and DPV techniques at a glassy carbon electrode. From the voltammetric data electrochemical reaction mechanism of the azo dye has been suggested at glassy carbon and silver electrodes.
APPLICATION FEATURES OF THE ELECTROSTATIC SYSTEMS FOR MEASURING THE SECONDARY ELECTRON EMISSION YIELD
Authors: Karpus S. , Shliahov I. , Liashchov M. , Borisenko V. , Kochetov S. , Tsiats’ko E. , Shopen O.
Published: August 2023

The analysis of the experimental systems for research of secondary electron emission during the interaction of electron beams with matter is presented. The three most common and methodologically developed variants of experimental systems are considered. According to their design features and methodological capabilities, they allow for the study of the main parameters of secondary emission depending on the primary electron beam energy and the sample thickness. The evolution of the experimental measuring systems and their improvement from simple to three-electrode systems with pass-through collectors is considered too. The peculiarities of registration of the secondary electrons current emitted from the studied target surface depending on the structural features of the target device are considered too. Application results of the developed three-electrode measuring system for research thin foil emission characteristics have been discussed.
A GRAMMATICA PHILOSOPHICA DA LINGUA PORTUGUEZA, DE SOARES BARBOSA, COMO PROPOSTA A UMA GRAMÁTICA UNIVERSAL DA LÍNGUA PORTUGUESA / THE PHILOSOPHICAL GRAMMAR OF THE PORTUGUESE LANGUAGE BY SOARES BARBOSA AS A PROPOSAL FOR A UNIVERSAL GRAMMAR OF THE PORTUGUESE LANGUAGE
Authors: Hanna Adel Malek , De Lima Adriana Alves
Published: August 2023

O presente artigo propõe desenvolver um estudo sobre a Grammatica Philosophica da Lingua Portugueza, de Jerônimo Soares Barbosa, enquanto protótipo de uma Gramática Gerativa Portuguesa. O objetivo é averiguar se a Grammatica de Soares Barbosa pode se vista como sendo uma Protogramática Gerativa, a julgar pelas características que permeiam a obra enquanto proposta de uma Gramática Geral/Universal. O método adotado foi qualitativo, com levantamento bibliográfico e documental, de natureza básica, com pesquisa exploratória sobre a obra em questão e sobre a Gramática Gerativa de Chomsky. No decorrer da pesquisa fizemos um levantamento sobre a representação da linguagem que antecedeu a escrita, passando por uma breve explanação sobre os primeiros gramáticos para então trabalhar com a Grammatica Philosophica da Lingua Portugueza, como meio de conhecer e detectar algumas de suas características principais no quesito da Gramática Universal. Na sequência, a pesquisa se voltou para a Gramática Gerativa, buscando fazer um levantamento de suas características e particularidades no que se refere à Gramática Universal, para, então fazer um estudo mais aprofundado sobre a parte Lógica da Grammatica de Soares Barbosa, correspondendo aos livros III e IV dessa obra. Após o percurso feito, notou-se que a obra de Soares Barbosa apresenta elementos inovadores e relação as outras gramáticas de base jesuítica. Esses aspectos inovadores estão no desenvolvimento dos livros I e II que tratam da Orthoepia e da Orthografia, mas que não foram contemplados com um estudo mais aprofundado sobre eles. E a proposta de uma Gramática Geral se concretizou a partir da argumentação proposta por Soares Barbosa, tomando como princípio básico elementos gramaticais que pertencem ao campo psíquico e comum a todos os seres humanos, independente da língua, do país em que vive.

 

 Article visualizations:
THE INFLUENCE OF THE USUAL HOLDING SOLUTIONS ON Hyacinthus orientalis CUT FLOWER VASE LIFE
Authors: RAUS Lucian , VOLF Mariana , BOLOHAN Diana Elena
Published: August 2023

In this study, four holding solutions very often used by florists and the final consumer were tested to analyse their impact on the development of the inflorescence, as well as the elongation, weight and degree of bending of the hyacinth flowers. The use of these solutions has a general character, and the flower species react differently due to both their genetics and the conditions in which they were cultivated, handled and stored. To verify the effectiveness of the preservative solutions on Hyacinthus orientalis vase life, four solutions were prepared with 2% sucrose and none or one of the follow-ing antimicrobial substances: sodium hypochlorite, acetic acid and ascorbic acid. During the study, measurements were made on the weight, elongation of the floral stems, chlorophyll content of the leaves and vase life days. The vase life of the hyacinths in this experiment was 5 days, except for the flowers from the 2% sucrose holding solution, which started to wilt on day 5. On day 6, the flowers showed signs of senescence. The increase in the length of the inflorescence stem showed significant differences for the sucrose + ascorbic acid holding solution, with a maximum of 0.8 cm on day 4. However, the interest was not to maximise the elongation of the floral stem but to slow down this process since elongation leads to the bending of the stem, causing it to require additional support.
Моніторинг процесів та штучний інтелект
Authors: Дранчук С.М. , Зарицька О.І. , Кочетков О.В.
Published: August 2023

Навчальний посібник для підготовки магістрів спеціальності 271 «Річковий та морський транспорт», спеціалізації 271.03 «Експлуатація суднового електрообладнання і засобів автоматики». Одеса: Одеський національний морський університет, 2023 – 133 с.
Relationship of Identity and Commitment Towards Faculty's Performance of Laguna State Polytechnic University Faculty, Philippines
Authors: Pinuela Freddie S.
Published: August 2023

The relevance of curriculum in supporting high levels of learning and the articulation and promotion of comprehensive development-relevant education was stressed in Sustainable Development Goal Four (SDG 4). The study used a quantitative research design employing a descriptive-correlational approach. Forty (40) faculty members of Laguna State Polytechnic University (LSPU) from the College of Industrial Technology  (CIT) participated in the study, where purposive sampling was used in choosing the respondents. JASP software was used in analyzing the data in the study. Based on the findings, The relationship between identity, commitment, and faculty teaching performance is highly valued at LSPU. Furthermore, there is no substantial association between teachers' professional identities and commitment to instructors' performance. Thus, teachers' performance should be prioritized because it impacts the school's long-term success. Future researchers may use a qualitative research design in a different setting.
Assessment of Awareness towards Millets Amongst the College going Girls - A Regional Survey
Authors:   Assistant Professor Mathematics, Dr. Radha Bai Govt. Girls College Raipur, Chhattisgarh, India, Salhotra Dr. Rupa , Barley Dr. Nisha ,   Assistant Professor Mathematics, Dr. Radha Bai Govt. Girls College Raipur, Chhattisgarh, India
Published: August 2023

We all are aware of the importance of diet in our daily life. A proper diet is essential for human beings to keep them fit and healthy. For a college going girl diet plays an important role to keep them fit and active. The nutrients iron, calcium, carbohydrate etc. are essential for the growth of girls. The current year 2023 is declared as Millet year. Millets (Ragi, Kodo, Bajra, etc.) contain many nutrients which are beneficial for the girls. A survey of 135 girls students of our college and nearby college of Raipur, Chhattisgarh, India was carried out through a Google form. The objective was to know their awareness towards millets and nutrients by the analysis of compiled data. Conclusions and suggestions have been given at the end of the paper.
Lessons from the Bhagavad Gita are all around us: Evidence from India's Largest Farmers' Protest
Authors:   Research Scholar, Haryana School of Business Guru Jambheshwar University of Science & Technology, Hisar (Haryana), Kumar Vinod , Singh Dalbir ,   Professor, Haryana School of Business Guru Jambheshwar University of Science & Technology, Hisar (Haryana)
Published: August 2023

Generally, the farmers are assumed to carry out their obligations in the field. However, the nation has observed their presence on the highways during the passage of three farm-related statutes. After the struggle for more than a year, the farmers succeeded to get these laws revoked by the Government. Rather than being critical of farm bills/acts whether these were good or bad, the present study is an attempt to describe the glimpses of the Bhagavad Gita observed during the largest farm protest. It was observed that various lessons from the Gita comprising the karma-yoga, temporariness of happiness as well as grief and many more had a significant influence throughout the journey of the protest.