bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Upper Midwest tribal natural resource managers' perspectives on chronic wasting disease outreach, surveillance, and management
Authors: Schwabenlander Marc D. , Potts Nicole , Moore Seth , Larsen Peter A. , Bernstein Lauren A. , Wolf Tiffany M.
Published: May 2022

Management strategies for chronic wasting disease (CWD) across tribal lands have varied in response to changing dynamics of CWD risk. As CWD continues to spread across the United States, concerns associated with the disease are increasing. We interviewed 19 natural resource managers representing Anishinaabe and Dakota tribes in Minnesota, Michigan, and Wisconsin with goals of understanding needs and opportunities for CWD engagement, surveillance, and outreach on tribal lands; the implementation of natural resources policy and management across tribal nations; and opportunities for tribal partnership‐development to control CWD. Qualitative data analyses of interview responses revealed substantial variation in the number of tribal hunters, hunter regulation, and huntable tribal lands across our study area. Proximity of tribal lands in relation to CWD detections impacted tribal agency management strategies for CWD. Our results indicate a desire for CWD outreach and surveillance, mutually beneficial collaborations, and a need for incorporating cultural knowledge into CWD management strategies. We conclude that tribal CWD management and surveillance plans will be enhanced through strategic and thoughtful CWD outreach methods. Moreover, partnerships must recognize tribal sovereignty and respectfully integrate tribal values, knowledge, and worldview.
Voriconazole therapeutic drug monitoring among lung transplant recipients receiving targeted therapy for invasive aspergillosis
Authors: Butler‐Laporte Guillaume , Langevin Marie‐Claude , Lemieux Claude , Poirier Charles , Ferraro Pasquale , Théorêt Yves , Luong Me‐Linh
Published: May 2022

Background

Voriconazole is the first line treatment for invasive aspergillosis (IA) Current guidelines suggest performing regular voriconazole therapeutic drug monitoring (TDM) to optimize treatment efficacy. We aimed to determine if TDM was predictive of clinical outcome in LTRs.

Methods

Retrospective chart review was performed for all LTRs with probable or proven IA, treated with voriconazole monotherapy and who underwent TDM during therapy. Clinical outcome and toxicity were measured at 12 weeks. Classification and regression tree (CART) analysis was used to determine the most predictive voriconazole level thresholds for successful outcome.

Results

One hundred and eighteen TDM samples from 30 LTRs with IA were analyzed. Three LTRs were excluded due to early treatment discontinuation. The median TDM level was 1.2 μg/ml (range 0.06–7.3). At 12 weeks, 62% (17/27) of patients had a successful outcome, while 37% (10/27) of patients failed therapy. CART analysis determined that the best predictor for successful outcome was a median TDM level >0.72 μg/ml. Seventy percent (14/20) of patients with median TDM above 0.72 μg/ml had a successful outcome, compared to 42.9% (3/7) of patients with a median TDM below 0.72 μg/ml (OR 3.11; 95% CI: 0.53–20.4; P = 0.21). CART analysis determined that a TDM level greater than 2.13 μg/ml was predictive of hepatotoxicity.

Conclusions

Our data suggests that a voriconazole TDM range between 0.72 μg/ml and 2.13 μg/ml may be associated with improved outcomes. Our study is in line with current recommendations on the use of voriconazole TDM in improving outcome and minimizing toxicity in LTR with IA.
Tricuspid Annular Plane Systolic Excursion (TAPSE) correlates with mean pulmonary artery pressure especially 10 years after pediatric heart transplantation
Authors: Michalski Morgana , Haas Nikolaus , Dalla Pozza Robert , Michel Sebastian , Fischer Marcus , Lehner Anja , Rosenthal Laura , Jakob Andre , Orban Madeleine , Ulrich Sarah
Published: May 2022

Tricuspid annular plane systolic excursion (TAPSE) is important in the noninvasive echocardiographic assessment of right heart function. This retrospective observational study shows correlations of TAPSE with invasive right heart catheterization parameters after pediatric heart transplantation (HTx). The study included patients after pediatric HTx with cardiac catheterizations in 2018/2019 and measurement of TAPSE (n = 52 patients with 57 examinations; 50.9% adults, 52.6% female, median age: 18.54 years). TAPSE was compared with normal values. Stepwise, linear and multiple regression were used to show influencing variables on TAPSE. Mean TAPSE z‐score was −3.48 (SD: 2.25) and 68.4% of HTx‐recipients showed abnormally reduced TAPSE (z‐score ←2) compared to normal values. Multiple regression (p‐value <0.001; corrected R2 = 0.338) showed significant correlations of time since HTx (p‐value <0.001) and mPAP (p‐value: 0.008) with TAPSE z‐scores. Divided into subgroups (time since HTx <10 and ≥10 years), TAPSE and mPAP correlated only ≥10 years after HTx (p‐value = 0.002). This study provides data of TAPSE even ≥10 years after pediatric HTx. Most patients showed a decreased TAPSE early after HTx, which improved over time. TAPSE z‐scores correlated significantly with time since HTx and mPAP, especially ≥10 years post‐HTx. Therefore, TAPSE must be used carefully in the early follow‐up.
Translational researchers’ training and development needs, preferences, and barriers: A survey in a National Institute for Health Research Biomedical Research Centre in the United Kingdom
Authors: Bell Karen , Shah Syed Ghulam Sarwar , Henderson Lorna R. , Kiparoglou Vasiliki
Published: May 2022

The objective was to identify translational researchers’ training and development needs, preferences, and barriers to attending training. This cross‐sectional study involved an online questionnaire survey. The research population comprised a convenience sample of translational researchers and support staff (N = 798) affiliated with the National Institute for Health Research Oxford Biomedical Research Centre. The response rate was 24%. Of 189 respondents, 114 were women (60%) and 75 were men (40%). The respondents were mainly research scientists (31%), medical doctors and dentists (17%), and research nurses and midwives (16%). Many of the respondents had attended at least one training course in the last year (68%). Training in statistics and data analysis was the most common training received (20%). Leadership training was the most wanted training (25%). Morning was the most preferred time of training (60%). Half a day was the ideal duration of a training course (41%). The main teaching hospital site was the most preferred location of training (46%). An interactive workshop was the most favored delivery style of training (52%). Most common barriers to attending training were the lack of time (31%), work (21%) and clinical commitments (19%), and family and childcare responsibilities (14%). Some differences in training needs, preferences, and barriers were found by gender and role, though these were not statistically significant. Translational researchers want short, easily accessible, and interactive training sessions during the working day. The training needs, preferences, and barriers to attending training need to be considered while developing inclusive training programs in biomedical research settings.
1019. GLADIOLUS MICROCARPUS: Iridaceae
Authors: Duncan Graham , Rix Martyn , King Christabel
Published: May 2022

Gladiolus microcarpus G.J. Lewis is a striking, summer‐flowering cremnophyte, with a strongly weeping habit, endemic to the Drakensberg Mountain Centre in southern Africa. A description and details of its history, taxonomy, habitat and cultivation are given.
Imaginaries of Soy and the Costs of Commodity‐led Development: Reflections from Argentina
Authors: Giraudo Maria Eugenia , Grugel Jean
Published: May 2022

Many developing countries continue to rely on export‐oriented growth strategies based on primary commodities, despite the many limitations of such policies. The persistence of this model is inherently related to the dominance of ‘commodity imaginaries’. This article focuses on Argentina, an emblematic case of commodity dependency, where the soybean imaginary has dominated for the past 30 years. This imaginary has framed mainstream understandings of Argentina's path to growth and progress, shaped political contestation and ensured that a particular understanding of science and technology sits at the centre of the meaning of national development. In the process, it has transformed the country's geography in ways that normalize soy's dominance and invisibilize people and places located at the margins of the imaginary. The soybean imaginary renders a deeply political project of economic growth as ‘common sense’. This article concludes that closer attention to the way national development projects are shaped, consciously and unconsciously, by commodity imaginaries could help explain the puzzle of how national governments can become locked into development choices that are environmentally unsustainable and that reproduce inequalities.
COVID‐19 vaccination: Willingness and practice in Bangladesh
Authors: Faruk Avinno , Al Quddus Ishmam
Published: May 2022

Motivation

The urgency and scale of mass adult immunization for COVID‐19 presents a huge challenge for any low‐ and middle‐income country (LMIC) like Bangladesh. Our analysis focuses on demand‐side constraints early in the vaccination campaign to help gauge vaccine acceptability and potential contributing factors. Identifying registration and compliance challenges early on will help ensure a seamless immunization programme.

Purpose

We seek to identify subgroups who may need specific interventions by comparing willingness to be vaccinated and registration behaviour, and to understand how actual registration and take‐up decisions compare between rural areas and urban slum areas.

Approach and Methods

We use data from three surveys conducted between late January and early September 2021. The article includes a nationally representative survey on vaccine acceptability and a study on vaccination rollout behaviour in rural and urban slums.

Findings

Willingness was not an issue in Bangladesh, but the challenge was getting individuals to register. Once they did, compliance was very high. When the information gap regarding registration was addressed by campaigning, registration and take‐up increased. Confidence in public service delivery influenced favourable responses to mass immunization efforts. Women were falling behind initially in terms of both registration knowledge and completion. Online registration needed to be complemented with alternatives. Social networking was a vital source of information and encouragement.

Policy implications

Communication strategies are necessary to inform the public at an early stage, and these should provide information about registration eligibility and detailed registration instructions. Ensuring and sustaining service quality is also beneficial. In LMICs like Bangladesh, low‐tech intensive registration methods are required. Information campaigns about the registration procedure should specifically target rural communities and women. Community‐based mechanisms may reduce transaction costs and increase confidence.
Antimicrobial prescribing and antimicrobial resistance surveillance in equine practice
Authors: Wilson Amie , Mair Tim , Williams Nicola , McGowan Catherine , Pinchbeck Gina
Published: May 2022

Background

Antimicrobial resistance (AMR) is an increasingly serious threat to human and animal health, therefore responsible use of antimicrobials in equine practice is vital. There is a need to have accurate, up to date data on antimicrobial prescribing in equine practice in the UK.

Objectives

To characterise current antimicrobial prescribing practices by equine veterinarians and to describe surveillance, audit processes and identification of AMR.

Study design

Online cross‐sectional, questionnaire‐based survey.

Methods

An online questionnaire targeting veterinarians who treat horses in the UK and Europe was distributed. The questionnaire collected data on participants' country of origin, practice policies, prescribing practices including use of high priority critical antimicrobials. Four common clinical case‐based scenarios were included to further explore prescribing practice. Responses were compared using both descriptive statistics and multivariable logistic regression models.

Results

Questionnaires were completed by 264 veterinarians from Europe (n = 33/264) and the UK (n = 231/264); 87% respondents worked only with horses and 67% worked at premises with hospitalisation facilities. Approximately half of respondents (54.4%) had a written antimicrobial use or stewardship policy within their practice. Over half of respondents did not perform any environmental surveillance (54.2%), audit of clinical infections (53.1%) or audit of infection control (57.1%). Potentiated sulphonamides were cited as the most used antimicrobial, although 44% reported using enrofloxacin in the last year and 66% used 3rd or 4th generation cephalosporins. Prophylactic antimicrobials before clean surgery were frequently/always prescribed by 48% respondents and 24% respondents frequently/always prescribed antimicrobials post‐operatively in clean surgery.

Main limitations

Potential selection bias of respondents, given individuals volunteered to take part in the survey.

Conclusions

Compared with a previous similar study conducted in 2009, overall antimicrobial usage appeared to be declining in clinical scenarios and a greater proportion of practices now have stewardship policies. However, the use of high priority critical antimicrobials is still relatively common in equine practice in the UK and Europe.
Training the equine respiratory muscles: Ultrasonographic measurement of muscle size
Authors: Fitzharris Laura E. , Hezzell Melanie J. , McConnell Alison K. , Allen Kate J.
Published: May 2022

Background

Limited information exists regarding changes in the size of respiratory and locomotor muscles in response to exercise training in the Thoroughbred racehorse.

Objectives

To describe and compare the responses of the respiratory and locomotor muscles to conventional exercise training and inspiratory muscle training (IMT).

Study design

Prospective randomised controlled trial.

Methods

Thoroughbred racehorses, in training for competition in National Hunt races, were recruited from two training establishments. Ultrasonographic images were obtained for selected muscles of the upper airway, diaphragm, accessory respiratory, and locomotor systems and their sizes measured. Examinations were performed at three timepoints: (A) when unfit, (B) following 12 weeks of conventional exercise training and (C) following 10–12 weeks continued training at race fitness. In addition, horses at yard 1 performed IMT, between timepoint B and C, and were randomly assigned into high‐load (treatment) or low‐load (control) group. Repeated measures models were constructed to compare the change in muscle measurements over time, and to investigate the effects of yard, previous airway surgery and IMT on the change in ultrasonographic size measurements obtained.

Results

Upper airway muscle size increased in response to conventional race training between timepoints A–C, and B–C. Diaphragm size increased in response to conventional exercise training between timepoints A and B. The diaphragm size of horses that undertook high‐load IMT was either maintained or increased, whereas diaphragm size decreased in horses that undertook low‐load IMT or no IMT between timepoints B and C. A significant interaction between gluteal muscle size and airway surgery status was observed, with greater gluteal muscle thicknesses measured in horses that had not previously undergone airway surgery (left gluteal 3.9%,p < 0.001; right 4.5%,p = 0.04).

Main limitations

Low number of horses underwent IMT.

Conclusions

Respiratory and locomotor muscles increase in size in response to conventional exercise training, with a further change in diaphragm size in response to inspiratory muscle training.
Roles of DKK3 in cellular adhesion, motility, and invasion through extracellular interaction with TGFBI
Authors: Kano Junko , Wang Hongxin , Zhang Han , Noguchi Masayuki
Published: May 2022

Dickkopf‐related protein (DKK) 3, a member of the DKK family, is a secreted glycoprotein that acts as a modulator of Wnt signaling in organogenesis and carcinogenesis. Recent studies have demonstrated that DKK3 has a variety of functions, suggesting that it plays roles not only in tumorigenesis, but also tumor neovascularization, prostatic acinus formation, cardiac vascular remodeling, renal and cardiac fibrosis, and immunological activity. The function of DKK3 is therefore of great interest, but details of the receptors and mechanisms involved have remained unclear. Here, we focused on the extracellular function of DKK3 as a secreted protein, and identified transforming growth factor beta induced protein ig‐h3 (TGFBI) as a secreted protein interacting with DKK3. To investigate the function of these secreted proteins, we employed an in vitro cell model involving human hepatocellular carcinoma cells, human embryonic kidney cells, or non‐neoplastic hepatocyte cells. We showed that DKK3 functions as an extracellular matrix‐like molecule supporting adhesion, motility, and invasion, and that its interaction with TGFBI inhibits the functions of secreted DKK3 in cells expressing both proteins. These results suggest that this extracellular interaction between DKK3 and TGFBI modulates cell adhesion and motility through focal adhesion kinase signaling, and that this might serve as a potential therapeutic target in the context of cancer invasion and metastasis.
Cryptic hybridization between Common (Apus apus) and Pallid (A. pallidus) Swifts
Authors: Cibois Alice , Beaud Michel , Foletti Francesco , Gory Gérard , Jacob Gwenaël , Legrand Nathalie , Lepori Ludovic , Meier Christoph , Rossi Antoine , Wandeler Peter , Thibault Jean‐Claude
Published: May 2022

Artificial structures, and particularly in urban settings, attract species showing similar ecological niches and provide nest‐sites for cavity‐breeding species. It is, however, unknown whether this proximity creates opportunities for hybridization and gene flow across related species. We investigated whether two colonial species, the Common SwiftApus apusand the Pallid SwiftApus pallidus, are experiencing gene flow by genotyping individuals that breed in sympatry in the town of Bastia (Corsica, France). We compared them with individuals sampled in colonies where a single species is breeding, in the Mediterranean region and in Switzerland. Our results provided evidence of gene flow between the two species and showed that introgression was not limited to sympatric urban colonies. Gene flow was asymmetrical, with more Pallid Swifts than Common Swifts showing evidence of mixed ancestry. Several individuals were assessed as late‐generation hybrids, suggesting that introgression between the two species was associated with their range expansion since the Last Glacial Maximum. However, we also identified individuals that exhibit the characteristics of recent‐generation hybrids, particularly in Bastia. This result suggests that hybridization between the two species is an ongoing and underestimated phenomenon, with a single observation of a mixed pair in the literature, and may be favoured by close proximity in urban colonies.
Human capital, innovation, and growth
Authors: Eriksson Clas , Lindén Johan , Papahristodoulou Christos
Published: May 2022

This paper explores the interaction between human capital and innovation in the process of economic growth. Using a model of endogenous growth, we focus on how taxes and other policy instruments affect the incentives to invest in human capital. In contrast to many other growth models we find that the taxation of human capital has a substantial negative effect on its accumulation. This in turn reduces innovation and, consequently, the income growth rate. More surprisingly, other policies that are intended to stimulate growth may have opposing effects on innovation and the accumulation of human capital. For example, while subsidies to research and to intermediate inputs do have positive effects on innovation and growth, they lead to a lower stock of human capital, in the empirically relevant case when the elasticity of intertemporal substitution in consumption is low.
Workplace learning in Crowdwork Questionnaire (WLCQ): Measuring self‐regulated learning and skill development in online platform work
Authors: Margaryan Anoush , Albert Julian , Charlton‐Czaplicki Timothy
Published: May 2022

This paper addresses learning and development processes in online platform work. Specifically, it proposes a new instrument to survey and analyze self‐regulated workplace learning in crowdwork, a type of online platform labor in which a global pool of workers are matched with clients through digital platforms to carry out remunerated tasks. Although workplace learning practices of workers in traditional, organisationally embedded jobs have been studied extensively, the findings cannot be transferred to describe and explain learning behaviors within crowdwork, which is fundamentally different from traditional work in that it is autonomous, radically distributed, and no organisationally provided training opportunities exist in crowdwork. To advance the understanding of workplace learning in crowdwork we reviewed the literature on workplace learning, platform work, and self‐regulated learning to develop the Workplace Learning in Crowdwork Questionnaire, which we subsequently validated with 992 crowdworkers from six European countries on three crowdwork platforms. The instrument can be used by researchers to study the nature of (self‐directed) workplace learning in online labor platforms. It can also be used by crowdworkers to self‐reflect on their learning and development.
Workplace stressors and PTSD among psychiatric workers: The mediating role of burnout
Authors: Ham Elke , Seto Michael C. , Rodrigues Nicole C. , Hilton N. Zoe
Published: May 2022

Critical workplace events (e.g., assaults), chronic stressors, burnout, and work conditions all affect nurse well‐being. The present study investigated associations among these sources of stress and posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) symptoms in psychiatric nurses, hypothesizing that burnout would mediate the paths between workplace stressors and PTSD. Surveys were completed by 611 psychiatric nurses or allied health staff working on inpatient units in three psychiatric hospitals. Participants reported on critical events and chronic stressors specific to providing psychiatric care and completed the Maslach Burnout Inventory (MBI), Areas of Worklife Survey (AWS) (work conditions), and PTSD Checklist for DSM‐5. Data were analysed using structural equation modelling. Burnout had a direct relation to PTSD symptoms and partially mediated the effect of exposure to critical events, but not chronic stressors, on PTSD symptoms. Chronic stressors related to patients' disturbing behaviour (e.g., flooding room, eating non‐food items) had a direct effect on PTSD symptoms, but those related to resisting care (e.g., screaming constantly, physically resisting care) had no significant association. Worklife conditions had a negative direct effect on Burnout and indirect effect on PTSD, whereby participants reporting poorer alignment of work conditions with their expectations had higher Burnout and PTSD symptom scores. Different sources of workplace stress have different relations to PTSD symptoms, and Burnout has both direct and mediation effects. Interventions aimed at reducing patients' aggressive and disturbing acts and improving healthcare providers' burnout and worklife factors in hospitals may all be needed to reduce PTSD among psychiatric staff.
Intervention efficacy of MARSI nursing management on skin injury at peripherally inserted central catheter insertion site on oncological patients
Authors: Zhao Yi , Bian Lingling , Yang Jinna
Published: May 2022

To evaluate the intervention efficacy of medical adhesive‐related skin injury (MARSI) nursing management at peripherally inserted central catheter (PICC) insertion site on oncological patients. This study used the case‐control research method. We randomly divided 156 patients with PICCs implanted in our hospital's surgery department from January 2019 to December 2020 into a control group (85 patients) and an intervention group (71 patients). The control group was the conventional nursing care group, and the intervention group was the MARSI nursing management group. Through implementing a series of interventions (ie, risk assessment, risk prevention, and risk management) for the MARSI nursing care management group, the incidence rate of MARSI, and its types (including mechanical injury, dermatitis, maceration, and folliculitis) were compared between the two groups. The total incidence rate of MARSI was 30.59% in the control group and 7.04% in the intervention group (P < .05), and the difference was statistically significant. The incidence rate of mechanical injury in the control group was 12.94%, which decreased to 2.82% after intervention (P < .05), and the difference was statistically significant. The incidence rate of dermatitis in the intervention group was 11.76%, which decreased to 2.82% after intervention (P < .05), and the difference was statistically significant. By implementing MARSI nursing care management, the incidence rate of MARSI at PICC insertion site can be effectively reduced.
Living arrangements and satisfaction of current arrangement among autistic adults reported by autistic individuals or their caregivers
Authors: Song Wei , Nonnemacher Stacy L. , Miller Kaitlin Koffer , Anderson Kristy , Shea Lindsay L.
Published: May 2022

Background

Living arrangements is an essential component of the social environments for autistic adults. The need to understanding the status and experience of living arrangements has been highlighted.

Aim

This study examined living arrangements and satisfaction with current arrangements of autistic adults reported by autistic adults or caregivers of autistic adults.

Methods

This study used data from a statewide survey of autistic adults or caregivers.

Results

Older autistic adults and those employed and had higher financial resources were more likely to live alone or with a roommate or spouse than to live with family or in a supervised setting. Correlates of greater satisfaction included being young, either men or women (vs. non‐binary adults), public insurance, fewer service needs, no or one mental health diagnosis (vs. two or more), no psychiatric emergency room or hospitalisation history, and living with a roommate or spouse (vs. living with family).

Conclusion

This cross‐sectional study adds to the literature on the status of living arrangements and satisfaction with living arrangements among autistic adults. Future research is needed to investigate contributing factors to the satisfaction of living arrangements and quality of life among autistic adults.
Atopic dermatitis: pathomechanisms and lessons learned from novel systemic therapeutic options
Authors: Bieber T. , Paller A.S. , Kabashima K. , Feely M. , Rueda M.J. , Ross Terres J.A. , Wollenberg A.
Published: May 2022

Atopic dermatitis (AD) is a chronic, heterogenous, inflammatory skin disorder associated with a high skin‐related health burden, typically starting in childhood and often persisting into adulthood. AD is characterized by a wide range of clinical phenotypes, reflecting multiple underlying pathophysiological mechanisms and interactions between genetics, immune system dysregulation and environmental factors. In this review, we describe the diverse cellular and molecular mechanisms involved in AD, including the critical role of T‐cell‐driven inflammation, primarily via T helper (Th) 2‐ and Th17‐derived cytokines, many of which are mediated by the Janus kinase (JAK) signaling pathway. These local inflammatory processes interact with sensory neuronal pathways, contributing to the clinical manifestations of AD, including itch, pain and sleep disturbance. The recent elucidation of the molecular pathways involved in AD has allowed treatment strategies to evolve from broad‐acting systemic immunosuppressive therapies to more targeted agents, including JAK inhibitors and cytokine‐specific biologic agents. Evidence from the clinical development of these targeted therapies has reinforced and expanded our understanding of the pathophysiological mechanisms underlying AD and holds promise for individualized treatment strategies tailored to specific AD subtypes.
From evidence‐based to sustainable healthcare: Cochrane revisited
Authors: Berg Henrik , Askheim Clemet , Heggen Kristin M. , Sandset Tony J. , Engebretsen Eivind
Published: May 2022

Evidence‐based healthcare is the prevailing model for healthcare services. In Cochrane's seminal thinking, political context was included with the purpose of promoting healthcare equity. However, the subsequent evidence‐based healthcare models marginalized political context. In this paper, we argue that current models of evidence‐based healthcare fail to respond to emerging healthcare challenges. We claim that reintegration of political context is crucial to make healthcare sustainable. Global communities are anticipating ecological crises with immense repercussions for healthcare. This prospect illustrates that healthcare models failing to integrate political context also risk neglecting some of the most relevant healthcare issues of our time.
Gas sensing technology for meat quality assessment: A review
Authors: Li Xinxing , Wang Biao , Yi Chen , Gong Weiwei
Published: May 2022

Meat is rich in many nutritional elements and is one of the most basic foods for human beings. The demand for meat is increasing year by year, but at the same time, meat is highly susceptible to spoilage during storage and transportation, and consumption of such meat can be hazardous to human health. Gas sensing technology provides a nondestructive, less time‐consuming, and convenient detection method compared with traditional meat quality testing techniques. In this review, we briefly describe the working principle, the common sensors, signal processing, and pattern recognition for gas sensing technology. Then, we discuss the most relevant contributions of gas sensing technology to meat freshness evaluations and authenticity assessments using different data processing methods in recent years. Finally, the problems, prospects, and likely future development of gas sensing technology are highlighted.

Practical applications

This article analyzes each key technology of gas sensing, points out some existing defects and future trends, reviews the practical applications of gas sensing technology in meat quality inspection in recent years, and puts forward feasible technology enhancement suggestions.
Androgens and COVID‐19
Authors: Das Kinnor , Patil Anant , Goren Andy , Cockerell Clay J. , Goldust Mohamad
Published: May 2022

Background

The humans have been disproportionately affected by the coronavirus disease (COVID‐19) pandemic. The novel coronavirus or the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS‐COV2) causing coronavirus disease (COVID‐19) has spread across the globe. Androgens have been suggested to have a role in COVID‐19 pathogenesis.

Objective

The objective of this review article is to study the link between androgens and COVID‐19.

Methodology

PubMed and Google Scholar search was performed to retrieve literature related to the topic. Review articles, clinical trials, retrospective studies, observational studies, and case–control studies were considered for the review.

Results

Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS‐CoV‐2) infected men are more inclined to be hospitalized for intensive care unit (ICU) as compared with women. This difference in the ICU admissions provides some clue for possible influence of androgens in the severity of COVID‐19. The contribution of androgen and androgen receptor in COVID‐19 disease and its severity, as well as the numerous medications targeting androgen and its receptor for lowering COVID‐19 disease severity, are discussed in this review. Available literature suggests the role of androgen in the pathogenesis and severity of COVID‐19. Sensitivity for androgen may be an important factor in regulating the severity of COVID‐19 disease.

Conclusion

There is a scope for the development of COVID‐19 treatments based on androgen suppression. Clinical trials may furnish pivotal data and add more evidence‐based options for the management of COVID‐19.
Temporomandibular disorder symptoms in young adults: Three‐dimensional impact on oral health‐related quality of life
Authors: Yap Adrian Ujin , Tan Sharon Hui Xuan , Marpaung Carolina
Published: May 2022

Background

The impact of temporomandibular disorders on functional, pain, and psychosocial aspect of patients' quality of life needed to be assessed.

Objectives

This study examined the three‐dimensional impact of pain‐related and/or intra‐articular Temporomandibular disorder (TMD) symptoms and ascertained the inter‐relationships between the functional, pain, and psychosocial aspects of oral health‐related quality of life (OHRQoL).

Methods

Young adults were enlisted from a local university and TMD symptoms were assessed with the Diagnostic Criteria for TMDs Symptom Questionnaire (DC/TMD‐SQ). Participants were stratified into those with no (NT), pain‐related (PT), intra‐articular (IT), and mixed (MT) TMD symptoms. OHRQoL was examined using the Oral Health Impact Profile‐14 (OHIP‐14), and dimensional effects (oral function [OF], orofacial pain [OP], and psychosocial impact [PI]) were established subsequently. Data were evaluated with Kruskal‐Wallis, Dunn, and Wilcoxon signed‐rank tests (α = .05).

Results

The mean age of the participants (n = 1205) was 7 ± 1.3 years (71.8% women). While 42.2% reported no TMD symptoms, 22.3%, 16.9%, and 18.5% had PT, IT, and MT accordingly. The MT, PT, and IT groups presented higher total OHIP‐14 and dimension scores than the NT group (p < .01). Scores were also significantly different between the MT and IT groups except for OF. For all TMD groups, the ranking of dimensional impact was OP > PI > OF, and associations between the OP and PI dimensions were the strongest (correlation coefficient [rs] = .57–.76).

Conclusions

Young adults with PT and/or IT symptoms have poorer OHRQoL, especially in the OP and PI dimensions, which were moderate to strongly correlated. The use of the three dental Patient‐reported Outcome (dPRO) dimensions could provide construct equivalency among OHRQoL measures.
Microbiome data reveal significant differences in the bacterial diversity in freshwater rohu (Labeo rohita) across the supply chain in Dhaka, Bangladesh
Authors: Kawser A.Q.M. Robiul , Foysal Md Javed , Chua Eng Guan , Ali Md Hazrat , Mannan Adnan , Siddik Muhammad A.B. , Paul Sulav Indra , Rahman Md Mahbubur , Tay Alfred
Published: May 2022

The present study aimed to characterize and compare the skin and gut microbial communities of rohu at various post-harvest stages of consumption using quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction and 16S rRNA-based amplicon sequencing. Real-time PCR amplification detected higher copy numbers for coliform bacteria—Escherichia coli, Salmonella enterica and Shigella spp. in the marketed fish—compared to fresh and frozen samples. The 16S rRNA data revealed higher alpha diversity measurements in the skin of fish from different retail markets of Dhaka city. Beta ordination revealed distinct clustering of bacterial OTUs for the skin and gut samples from three different groups. At the phylum level, Proteobacteria was most abundant in all groups except the Fusobacteria in the control fish gut. Although Aeromonas was found ubiquitous in all types of samples, diverse bacterial genera were identified in the marketed fish samples. Nonetheless, low species richness was observed for the frozen fish. Most of the differentially abundant bacteria in the skin samples of marketed fish are opportunistic human pathogens enriched at different stages of postharvest handling and processing. Therefore, considering the microbial contamination in the aquatic environment in Bangladesh, post-harvest handling should be performed with proper methods and care to minimize bacterial transmission into fish.
Do emotion regulation strategies mediate the attachment–paranoia association? An experimental study of repeated attachment imagery priming and stress buffering
Authors: Sood Monica , Carnelley Katherine B. , Newman‐Taylor Katherine
Published: May 2022

Objectives

Paranoia describes unfounded interpersonal threat beliefs. Secure attachment imagery attenuates paranoia, but limited research examines mechanisms of change and no studies examine how secure imagery may be implemented most effectively in clinical practice. In this study, we tested: (a) the causal impact of secure, anxious, and avoidant attachment imagery on paranoia and anxiety, (b) whether emotion regulation strategies mediate these relationships, and (c) whether secure imagery buffers against social stress.

Design

We utilized a longitudinal, experimental design.

Method

A general population sample with high non‐clinical paranoia (N = 265) completed measures of paranoia, anxiety, and emotion regulation strategies. Participants were randomly allocated to secure, anxious, or avoidant conditions and repeated an imagery prime for four days prior to a social stress task.

Results

Relative to anxious and avoidant imagery, secure imagery decreased state paranoia and anxiety. These associations were not mediated by state emotion regulation strategies, and secure imagery did not buffer against stress. Exploratory analyses on trait variables revealed that: (a) hyperactivating strategies mediated the association between attachment anxiety and paranoia, and (b) suppression mediated the association between attachment avoidance and paranoia.

Conclusions

Secure attachment imagery reduces state paranoia and anxiety and could be incorporated into psychotherapies to attenuate clinical paranoia. Measurement of state emotion regulation was problematic. Attachment imagery does not buffer stress; further research is required to test whether secure imagery facilitates recovery from stress. Attachment style is likely to account for trait paranoia via attachment‐congruent emotion regulation strategies. Research is now needed to determine if these strategies can be targeted to alleviate paranoia in clinical populations.
Profile of pediatric vitiligo in India
Authors: Mendiratta Vibhu , Meena Amit Kumar , Samudrala Suvarna , Yadav Anuja
Published: May 2022

We analyzed the records of 211 pediatric patients with vitiligo. 57.8% of patients were females and 42.2% were males. Leukotrichia and family history were present in 29.4% and 15.6% of patients, respectively, while 39.3% of patients had anemia. Elevated thyroid‐stimulating hormone and fasting blood glucose levels were seen in 5.2% and 3.3% of patients, respectively. Antinuclear antibody was positive in 12 (5.6%) patients.
Salafist approaches to violence and terrorism: The Indian case study
Authors: Siyech Mohammed Sinan
Published: May 2022

Contemporary research on Salafism and terrorism often misses out much coming from nations like India where Salafists have an entrenched presence. This article tries to bridge the gap by examining Salafist organisations in India and their approach to violence and terrorism. Relying on fieldwork conducted in three states of India in 2021/2022, primary sources such as videos of various ideologues in Malayalam, Urdu, English, and Kannada as well as secondary sources including available literature on Salafis and violence in India, this article presents a comprehensive understanding of how Indian Salafists have reacted to violence. Tracing the history of Salafism in India to the 19th/20th century in the North and the South, it argues that in the contemporary era, Salafists have institutionally opposed the use of violence to achieve any gains for Islam. This opposition is rooted in Qur'anic injunctions and the Ahadeeth where interpretations supporting non‐violence are both locally produced and inspired externally, especially from Saudi Arabia. This opposition is derived from a range of reasons including their historic presence, participation in the democratic process and fear of reprisal among others. The article thus, makes a significant contribution to Salafism, Islam in India and terrorism studies.
Morphostratigraphy of an active mixed sand–gravel barrier spit (Baie de Somme, northern France)
Authors: Pancrazzi Léo , Weill Pierre , Tessier Bernadette , Le Bot Sophie , Benoit Laurent
Published: May 2022

This study focuses on the architectural characterization of a mixed sand‐and‐gravel spit in relation to its multi‐decadal evolution. The spit, located in the Somme estuary in northern France, is a 5 km long sedimentary body made of several amalgamated ridges with a hooked terminus. Flint pebbles originating from the erosion of Cretaceous chalk cliffs and sands reworked from the tidal flat constitute the spit. Aerial photographs demonstrate that the spit formation started in the 1940s and document its growth through time. The architecture of the spit has been characterized by ground‐penetrating radar (GPR) investigation using 400 MHz and 900 MHz antennas. The GPR data are used to distinguish progradational, aggradational and transgressive geometries that are related to cross‐shore and longshore construction, respectively. Three main morpho‐stratigraphic domains characterize the spit from the root to the terminus: (i) a beach‐ridge domain mainly made of progradational structures; (ii) an intermediate domain formed by beach‐drift structures topped by deposits with cross‐shore geometries; and (iii) a spit‐terminus domain mainly composed of beach drift structures which incorporate sand deposits. At the scale of an individual ridge, high‐frequency GPR data indicates five types of sedimentary architectures associated with the evolution from a hook stage to the subsequent elongation stage. The overall development of the barrier spit is the result of complex interactions between wave and storm dynamics, potentially modulated by the variability of submersion time related to the 18.6 year tidal cycle, and anthropogenic activities including groyne construction and gravel reloading.
Examining abortion attitudes in the context of gestational age
Authors: Crawford Brandon L. , LaRoche Kathryn J. , Jozkowski Kristen N.
Published: May 2022

Objective

The aim of this study is to examine how situational abortion attitudes differ when including additional context related to the gestational age of the pregnancy.

Method

Ordinary Least Squares Regression models predicting abortion attitudes across four different sets of abortion attitude questions, using data collected from an online panel weighted to match U.S. benchmarks.

Results

Later gestational ages are associated with less support for abortion. Although there is some variation in the amount that support decreases across different socio‐demographic groups, the predictors of abortion attitudes remain relatively stable across gestational ages. Abortion attitudes questions with no reference to weeks' gestation appear to be the most similar to questions referencing early weeks' gestation.

Conclusion

When answering abortion attitude questions that do not include any reference to weeks' gestation, respondents may be more likely to think about abortion early in pregnancy. Including references to weeks' gestation may provide a more nuanced and complete understanding of abortion attitudes.
Lifetime prevalence of malignant and benign tumours in companion dogs: Cross‐sectional analysis of Dog Aging Project baseline survey
Authors: Schwartz Stephen M. , Urfer Silvan R. , White Michelle , Megquier Kate , Shrager Sandi ,   The Dog Aging Project Consortium, Ruple Audrey
Published: May 2022

Although cancer is widely regarded as a major contributor to canine morbidity and mortality, its frequency in companion dogs has only infrequently been characterised. We analysed cross‐sectional data from the baseline survey of owners of 27 541 living companion dogs enrolled in the Dog Aging Project as of 31 December 2020 to estimate the lifetime prevalence of malignant and benign tumours and several potentially‐associated characteristics. Survey questions elicited information on history of ‘cancer or tumors’ including organ site and histologic type. Owners reported 819 malignant tumours (56% sited in the skin, muscle or other soft tissue) and 404 benign tumours (69% sited in the skin, muscle or other soft tissue). The lifetime prevalence of malignant tumours (29.7/1000 dogs) was approximately double the lifetime prevalence of benign tumours (14.7/1000 dogs). Lifetime prevalence of both malignant and benign tumours increased with dog age at survey completion. There were no statistically discernable differences in age‐adjusted lifetime prevalence of malignant (prevalence ratio (PR) = 0.93 [95% confidence interval (CI) 0.82, 1.07] or benign tumours (PR = 1.10, 95% CI 0.91, 1.34) in mixed vs. purebred dogs. The lifetime prevalence of malignant tumours increased with increasing dog size class; compared to toy and small dogs, the age‐adjusted PRs (95% CIs) for medium, standard, large, and giant dogs were 1.65 (1.28, 2.11), 2.92 (2.35, 3.64), 3.67 (2.92, 4.62) and 2.99 (1.23, 4.02), respectively. Similar though less pronounced patterns in relation to dog size class were observed for benign tumours. Ongoing prospective data collection will permit future studies on risk factors for canine tumour incidence.
Resistivity and pulsatility indexes in feline kidney disease: a systematic review
Authors: Evangelista Gabriela Castro Lopes , Viana Arabela Guedes de Azevedo , Neves Mariana Machado , Reis Emily Correna Carlo
Published: May 2022

Doppler ultrasonography is used in the evaluation of hemodynamics, and the resistivity (RI) and pulsatility (PI) indexes provide information about resistance to blood flow within a vessel. This systematic review was carried out to evaluate renal RI and PI in clinically healthy and nonsedated cats and as well as their usefulness in the evaluation of kidney disease in cats. An electronic search in the PubMed, Scopus, and Web of Science databases was carried out using the terms “resistive index” or “resistivity index” or “pulsatility index;” “Doppler;” “renal” or “kidney;” and “cat” or “feline” in titles, abstracts, and keywords. Variables of interest related to experimental model features, research methods, and technical resources were extracted from the studies. The methodological quality was assessed with SYRCLE's risk of bias tool. Thus, 14 studies involving healthy and sick cats were selected. Interestingly, the upper limits estimated for both RI and PI varied among studies. The upper limits of renal RI for healthy cats varied between 0.64 and 0.72, while for PI, the values varied from 1.06 to 1.29. A limited number of studies evaluated cats with kidney disease. In most studies, RI values of kidneys with different conditions were significantly different from kidneys of healthy animals, indicating that RI values increase with kidney disease. The parameters body weight, heart rate, and age seem to influence the RI values. Standardized studies regarding its realization and description are still necessary to define normal values and analyze its applicability in the clinical diagnostic routine.