bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Protein kinase D stabilizes aldosterone‐induced ERK1/2 MAP kinase activation in renal M1 cortical collecting duct cells to promote cell proliferation
Authors: Dooley Ruth , Harvey Brian J , Thomas Warren
Published: June 2021

Aldosterone rapidly stimulates ERK1/2 MAP kinase and this activation is stabilised via protein kinase D1 in M1 cells (1). Here we describe a novel effect of aldosterone on renal cell growth modulated by the ERK1/2 – PKD1 pathway. Aldosterone (10nM) promoted the growth of M1 cells over 48hr, an effect that was PKD1, PKCδ and ERK1/2‐dependent. This increase in cell growth was a result of stimulated proliferation and not due to suppression of apoptosis or necrosis. Aldosterone induced the rapid activation of ERK1/2 with peaks of activation at 2min and 10–30min, followed by sustained activation lasting >120min. Aldosterone promoted the association of PKD1 with ERK1/2 within 2min. M1 cells suppressed in PKD1 expression using siRNA exhibited only the early transient peaks in ERK1/2 activation without the sustained phase. Furthermore, aldosterone induced the subcellular redistribution of ERK1/2 to nuclei at 2min and to cytoplasmic sites proximal to the nuclei at 30min as measured using immunofluorescence confocal microscopy. The redistribution of ERK1/2 was inhibited in PKD1 knockdown cells. The stabilization of ERK1/2 activation and subcellular redistribution by PKD1 are required for aldosterone‐induced cell proliferation. Funded by Wellcome Trust, Higher Education Authority of Ireland PRTLI and Science Foundation Ireland RFP grants.
Phytoestrogenic effects of catalpol in T47D and MDA‐MB231 cells in culture
Authors: Hao Qingxiu , Niu Jianzhao , Wang Jifeng , Zhao Piwan
Published: June 2021

The phytoestrogenic effects of catalpol were measured by the proliferation and cell cycle, expressions of ERá/ERâ protein and ps2 mRNA on breast cancer cells T47D cells MDA‐MB‐231 cells. Result: (1) The cells proliferation was enhanced significantly by treatment with catalpol in the range of 10‐7 to 10‐6 M for breast T47D cells. The proliferation effects were inhibited by adding anti‐estrogen ICI182 780 (10‐8M). (2) There was no significant difference on the proliferation of MDA‐MB‐231 cells by treatment with tested concentration of catalpol as well as by co‐treatment with anti‐estrogen ICI182 780(10‐8M) compared with solvent control group. (3) Catalpol up‐regulated pS2 mRNA expression of T47D cells at 10‐7M or 10‐6M and they increased the level in T47D cells, ERá protein expression as well. 10‐6M catalpol increased the level of ERâ protein expression in T47D cells. However, 10‐7 M catalpol did not show remarkable effects to the level of ERâ protein expression in T47D cells. Conclusion: Catalpol possessed phytoestrogenic effects by up‐regulating pS2 gene expression and the receptor subtype of ERá and ERâ expression. The phytoestrogenic effects were mediated by regulating ER. Supported by the 111 project B70007, P.R. China and the International Science and Technology Cooperation Program of China, 2008DFA31970 to Niu J.Z.
Kinetic characterization of a BCP‐class peroxiredoxin from Escherichia coli
Authors: Reeves Stacy A. , Parsonage Derek , Nelson Kimberly J. , Poole Leslie B.
Published: June 2021

Peroxiredoxins (Prx) possess a conserved active site structure centered around the catalytic residue (the “peroxidatic” cysteine) which forms a cysteine sulfenic acid upon reaction with peroxides. This cysteine subsequently forms a disulfide bond with a resolving cysteine (either inter‐ or intramolecular) and/or the reductant during reductive recycling. In Escherichia coli, bacterioferritin‐comigratory protein (BCP) is a peroxiredoxin which catalyzes the reduction of hydrogen peroxide and alkyl hydroperoxides. BCP exhibits a broad specificity for reductants and peroxide substrates, potentially allowing BCP to remain fully active and functional under varying cellular conditions. BCP demonstrated comparable peroxidase activity when acting upon H2O2 and cumene hydroperoxide. During thioredoxin‐dependent peroxidase activity studies conducted by stopped flow spectroscopy, a linear rate increase was observed with increasing reducing substrate along with a turnover rate ~44 times faster than those previously reported. In our studies, BCP exhibited a kcat of 1.31 s−1 and a kcat/Km (for H2O2) of 1.42 x 104 M−1 s−1 using 10 μM thioredoxin as reductant. An exploration of other potential reductants of BCP revealed that Grx1 and Trx2 also act as reductants of BCP in E. coli. However, kcat/Km of BCP for H2O2 when utilizing Trx as an electron donor was calculated to be 2x and 11x higher than those demonstrated by Grx1 and Trx2 respectively. Supported by NIH RO1 GM50389 to LBP.
Structural analysis of HIV‐1 protease inhibition using physical models
Authors:   Lincoln SMART Team, Colton Shannon , Herman Tim , Giles Kurt , Koo Ben , Jeske Sabine , Ollikainen Noah , Reis Julie
Published: June 2021

HIV‐1 protease (HIV PR) is an essential enzyme for HIV replication. HIV PR cleaves immature HIV polypeptides resulting in the active protein components required for an infectious virus. Numerous HIV PR inhibitors have been developed in order to prevent and treat HIV infection, however, the rapid evolution of HIV PR has allowed HIV to become drug resistant and remain infectious. Here we examine the inhibition of HIV PR from a structural perspective by building physical 3D models of HIV PR variants in complex with different inhibitors. These models allow us to analyze the key interactions that enable the inhibition of HIV PR and provide us with visual tools for studying the structural basis of drug resistance mutations.

The SMART (Students Modeling A Research Topic) program was established by the Center of BioMolecular Modeling at the Milwaukee School of Engineering and involves partnerships between university researchers and local high schools. This work is funded by NIH‐NCRR‐SEPA and HHMI.
Immunohistochemical and immunocytochemical localization of human phostensin
Authors: Lin Yu shan , Wang Tzu‐Fan , Yu Hui chun , Hung Ruei shia , Huang Kuang yung , Lai Ning sheng , Huang Hsien bin
Published: June 2021

Phostensin, protein phosphatase 1 F‐actin cytoskeleton targeting subunit, is a protein phosphatase 1 (PP1) binding protein. Phostensin is an actin filament pointed end‐capping protein and is capable of modulating actin dynamics. Northern blot analysis of phostensin mRNA indicate that the expression is predominant in leukocytes and spleen. To study phostensin protein distribution, we created a monoclonal antibody that specifically recognizes the residues 88–125. In consistence with mRNA distribution, phostesin protein is specifically distributed in lymphoid tissues including spleen, thymus, lymph node, as evidenced by immunohistochemistry assays. Phostensin was also present in human leukemic cell lines. Confocal microscopy revealed that phostensin was localized in the cytoplasm of peripheral blood mononuclear cells, and co‐localized with actin. Taken together, our results suggested that phostensin was located in the cytoplasm of leukocyte cells, and modulated actin dynamics.
Age‐Dependent Accumulation of Mitochondrial DNA Damage in Brain Tissues Derived from Apex1+/− Mice.
Authors: Acevedo‐Torres Karina , Torres‐Ramos Carlos A. , Walter Christi A. , Ayala‐Torres Sylvette
Published: June 2021

An age‐dependent accumulation of mutations in both somatic and germ cell tissues has been reported in many organisms. DNA damage induced by oxidative stress has been linked to increases in mutation frequencies. It has been shown that the activity of base excision repair (BER), the main repair mechanism for oxidative DNA damage, declines during aging in mouse brain tissue. The BER enzyme APEX1, may be limiting the repair capacity in aged mice. We sought to test the hypothesis that mtDNA damage increases in an age‐dependent fashion in brain tissues obtained from a BER‐deficient mouse model (Apex1+/−). We measured mtDNA damage by QPCR in 6, 16, and 28‐month‐old wild‐type (WT) and Apex1+/− mice. Our results show that the frequency of mtDNA lesions in the striatum from 16‐ and 28‐ month old Apex+/−mice are 0.42 lesions/10kb/strand and 0.53 lesions/10kb/strand, respectively. Cerebral cortex of 28‐month‐old WTandApex1 +/−mice exhibited a significant increased in lesion number as shown by lesion frequencies of 0.30 lesions/10kb/strand and 0.74 lesions/10kb/strand, respectively. In conclusion, our results show that deficient BER leads to an age‐dependent increase in mtDNA lesions in brain tissues and suggest an important role for BER in mtDNA stability. Supported by R25‐GM061838 and U54‐NS039408.
Alternative splicing of Kruppel‐like factor 4 plays a pivotal role in human tumorigenesis
Authors: Bahn Jae Hoon , Lee Seong‐Ho , Baek Seung Joon
Published: June 2021

Most human genes undergo alternative splicing, and many abnormal splicing processes are associated with disease including cancer. However, the relationship between alternative splicing and tumorigenesis is not well‐understood. Here, we found that novel Kruppel‐like factor 4 (KLF4) splicing variants produced by exon skipping could play a role during tumorigenesis in several human cancer cell lines. The human KLF4 gene produces at least three splicing variants, and one of them, small KLF4 (KLF4S), antagonizes large KLF4 (KLF4L) activity. To further investigate KLF4 splicing mechanism, we developed the KLF4 minigene and mutation of the 3′ splice site in the KLF4 intron 2 plays a pivotal role in the KLF4 splicing ratio. Interestingly, sulindac sulfide treatment restored KLF4L transcript and phosphorylation of the RNA binding motif 5 (RBM5) was decreased in HCT‐116 cells. Furthermore, mutation of the RBM5 phosphorylation site (S69A) decreased the KLF4 splicing event. Over‐expression and RBM5 siRNA also changed the KLF4 splicing ratio. Our data suggest that phosphorylation of RBM5 and the cis‐acting element in the 3′ splice site regulate alternative splicing of KLF4, which is altered during tumorigenesis.
Annotation and structural modeling of Anabaena Group I ribozyme variants
Authors: Bow Eric , Koaches Hannah , Rohlman Christopher
Published: June 2021

Our research focuses on the molecular architecture of biomolecules to obtain insight into the folding and catalytic behavior of the Anabaena group I intron in order to formulate a model structure. Group I introns are RNA sequences found in many organisms, which are capable of self‐splicing and removal from neighboring RNA sequences. The Anabaena group I intron itself comes from a cyanobacteria. To study the Anabaena ribozyme we are using both chemical methods coupled with computer bioinformatics. The folding and catalytic behavior of the ribozyme can be studied using fluorescent‐based assays to observe structural changes in the ribozyme. JalView sequence alignment software has also been adapted to analyze and annotate specific sequences of this Group I catalytic RNA. We can use this to map both chemical and genetic studies of this RNA molecule. As the structure of Anabaena itself has not yet been determined, it is our goal to use computation software to develop to an accurate three‐dimensional representation of the Anabaena ribozyme. Describing the three dimensional structure and dynamic of this model biomolecule system will help us gain a broader understanding of their function in living systems. The research was supported by the Albion College Foundation for Undergraduate Research, Scholarly and Creative Activity.
Minimization and refinement of hepatitis delta virus (HDV)‐like ribozyme secondary structure descriptors
Authors: Riccitelli Nathan James , Luptak Andrej
Published: June 2021

Recently, a plethora of HDV‐like ribozymes have been uncovered in a wide range of species using secondary structure‐based searches in which the HDV ribozyme structure served as the model for the structure descriptors (Webb et al, Science, 2009). This methodology proved robust in identifying canonical HDV‐like ribozymes, but also identified a number of RNAs possessing non‐canonical structure. To identify new self‐cleaving sequences, improved structure descriptors are needed. A deletion/mutation study has been undertaken to determine a minimal, HDV‐like self‐cleaving sequence as well as the defining roles of the core nucleotides. The sea urchin ribozyme drz‐Spur‐3 was chosen as the starting point for this work, as it is the only confirmed HDV‐like ribozyme with a 6 base‐pair P1 helix. By removing peripheral and joining elements, a 47 nucleotide sequence has been created that exhibits efficient self‐cleavage. This is the smallest HDV‐like ribozyme to date.
Evolution of new exons and alternative splicing in primates
Authors: Lin Lan , Shen Shihao , Jiang Peng , Sato Seiko , Davidson Beverly L , Xing Yi
Published: June 2021

New exons are frequently created within existing genes during the evolution of eukaryotic genomes. Based on mRNA and EST data, the vast majority of newly created exons are spliced only at very low levels. Thus, new exons have been generally considered as evolutionary intermediates that lack established functions. In this study, using a large‐scale genomic and molecular analysis of new exons derived from retrotransposons, we provided genomic evidence for the evolutionary significance of widespread exon creation during primate and human evolution. Contrary to the common belief that strong splicing activities of new exons result exclusively from disease mutations, we identified newly born exons constitutively spliced in a broad range of human tissues, as well as exons with tissue‐specific splicing. In a related study, we found hundreds of genes with human‐specific splicing events in the brain transcriptome. Some of these events modulate protein domains critical for protein‐protein interactions; others affect transcripts previously implicated in brain diseases. Together, our studies reveal substantial changes in exon usage and splicing patterns during human evolution, suggesting that alternative splicing played a central role in the acquisition of human‐specific traits.

Supported by the NIH (YX), Edward Mallinckrodt Jr. Foundation (YX), Roy J. Carver Trust (BLD).
Effect of Magnesium on Heart Rate Variability in Healthy Subjects
Authors: Brilla Lorrie , Teichler Liza , Hahn Teresa , Freeman Jeanne , Li Ying
Published: June 2021

Magnesium may decrease the concentration of plasma cortisol and catecholamines, hence stress. Healthy, active individuals (N=36) supplemented double‐blind for 6 weeks with 500 mg of Mg in one of two forms (magnesium bisglycinate chelate [MgC] or magnesium oxide [MgO]) or a placebo [P]. All data was collected pre post intervention: 3‐day diet and physical activity records and heart rate variability [HRV]. The subject characteristics were 22.9±4.2 years, 171.7 ±18.8 cm, 71.2± 12.1 kg. There were no significant differences (P>.05) within or between groups in diet. The physical activity levels were significantly different between P and MgO groups, both pre and post (P<.05). There were no within groups difference. Plasma Mg was higher in MgC (P<.05), pre‐post, with a trend for enhanced Mg levels in MgO (P=.12). HRV raw data were transformed to a spectral analysis, with a significant LF/HF interaction effect noted (P<.05). Both Mg groups decreased LF/HF from pre to post, but only MgO had a significant decline (P<.05). The MgO had significant main effects pre to post in LF nu, HF nu, and the LF/HF (P<0.05). Post test differences were observed between P and MgC for LF nu, HF nu, and LF/HF (P<.05). P and MgO differed in post test LF/HF (P<.05). The overall impression is enhanced vagal and diminished sympathetic profiles in both Mg groups, with the reverse demonstrated in P.
Camel's Milk alleviates Oxidative Stress and Lipid Peroxidation Induced by chronic Aluminum Chloride Exposure in Rat's Testes
Authors: Al‐Hashem Fahaid Hassan
Published: June 2021

Objective

The present study was carried out to examine the effectiveness of camel's milk in alleviating aluminum chloride (AlCl3)‐induced oxidative stress and lipid peroxidation in rat testes.

Approach

White albino male rats (230–250 g) were divided into three groups of 10 rats: A control group, treated with normal saline and two experimental groups, the AlCl3 treated group and the camel's milk‐AlCl3 treated group. The first experimental group, the AlCl3 treated group, received 0.5 mg kg−1 of AlCl3 orally. The second experimental group was fed 1 mL of fresh camel's milk 10 min prior to the administration of oral AlCl3. All rats were treated every day for 30 days. Lipid peroxidation, as determined by plasma concentration of Thiobarbituric Acid Reactive Substances (TBARS) and Hydroperoxide (HP) levels and the oxidative stress status, as measured by glutathione (GSH) levels, Superoxide Dismutase (SOD) and Catalase (CAT) activity, were evaluated in the rat testes.

Results

Oral administration of AlCl3 induced lipid peroxidation and oxidative stress in rat testes, which was indicated by a significant increase in lipid peroxidation biomarkers (TBARS and HP) and a significant decrease in the GSH content and SOD and CAT activities. When rats received camel's milk before being given AlCl3, lipid peroxidation and oxidative stress parameters were restored to normal levels. In the testes from rats fed camel's milk TBARS and HP levels were significantly reduced and, conversely, GSH content, SOD and CAT activities were significantly increased compared to rats that received only AlCl3.

Conclusion

Treatment with camel's milk prior to AlCl3 alleviates AlCl3‐associated hazards and protects testicular tissue from AlCl3 toxicity.

Grant Funding Source: King Khalid uNIVERSITY
Inhibitory Effects of Rhaponticum uniflorum Extract Fractions on the Biosynthesis of Inflammatory Mediators
Authors: Kim Gun Hee , Hwang Keum Hee , Lee Je‐Hyuk
Published: June 2021

Rhapontici radix (RR), the root part of Rhaponticum uniflorum (L.) DC, have been widely used as a traditional food material and medicine for the treatment of chronic gastritis, alleviation of pain, and immunological improvements in Korea. Total flavonoids took approximately 14–82% of total phenolic acids in RR‐extract fractions. DPPH radical scavenging activity of ethyl acetate, butanol, aquious‐fraction was superior to those of other fractions. Especially ethyl acetate‐fraction of RR had a potent reducing power, producing reductones. All RR‐extract fractions inhibited LPS‐induced nitrite production in a dose‐dependent manner. Hexane‐ and chloroform‐fraction (25 μg/mL) suppressed LPS‐induced nitrite production below basal level in macrophage cells. And RR‐extract fractions did not show NO‐radical scavenging activities chemically all most, hexane‐ and chloroform‐fraction (25 μg/mL) suppressed approximately 68 and 75% iNOS mRNA transcription, respectively. Otherwise, COX‐2 mRNA transcription was not affected by extract‐fractions of RR. Production of prostaglandin E2, interleukin‐1β, and ‐6, which are inflammatory mediators, were inhibited significantly by extract‐fractions of RR. Based on these results, R. uniflorum‐extract may be useful as an alternative medicine for the relief and retardation of immunological inflammatory responses through the reduction of inflammatory mediators.
EFFECT OF OPUNTIA FICUS‐INDICA EXTRACT ON ANTI‐INFLAMMATORY IN MURINE MACROPHAGES
Authors: Jung Jihye , Shin Jung Hee
Published: June 2021

Opuntia ficus‐indica is currently consumed for their nutritional properties. Since long time, fruits and stems of many Opuntia species have been used in medicine for burns, wounds, edema, bronchial asthma, hypertension, indigestion, and type II diabetes. Extracts of Opuntia species have been reported to exhibit hypoglycemic, antiulcer, antioxidant, hepatoprotective, and neuroprotective activities. However, less is known regarding inflammatory response properties. In this study, we investgated immunomodulatory activities such as nitric oxide, inducible nitric oxide synthase, cytokines and nuclear factor‐kB in mouse macrophage cells. The extract was manufactured using hot‐water (105°C) and concentrated to 20% as sample. Murine macrophage cells were cultured in RPMI‐1640 supplemented with extract of Opuntia ficus‐indica. With these cells, the amount of nitric oxide, inducible nitric oxide synthase, cytokines and nuclear factor‐kB induced by LPS was analyzed by immunosorbent assay and Western blotting method, respectively. We found that the production of the nitric oxide, inducible nitric oxide synthase, cytokines and nuclear factor‐kB was suppressed when adding the extract during the culture. These results opened the possibility that Opuntia ficus‐indica extract would be applicable to functional food ingredients.
Vitamin D status and lower extremity function: the Health ABC Study
Authors: Houston Denise K , Tooze Janet , Neiberg Rebecca , Shea Kyla , Hausman Dorothy , Johnson Mary Ann , Cauley Jane , Bauer Doug , Tylavsky Frances , Visser Marjolein , Simonsick Eleanor , Harris Tamara , Kritchevsky Stephen B
Published: June 2021

Vitamin D insufficiency is common among older adults and may play a role in physical function. Few studies have examined the longitudinal association between vitamin D status and physical function. We examined the association between baseline serum 25‐hydroxyvitamin D (25[OH]D) and lower extremity function (LEF) at baseline, 2‐ and 4‐yrs in well‐functioning older adults in the Health ABC Study (n=2,788). LEF was assessed using the Health ABC expanded short physical performance battery (Health ABC SPPB, range 0–4), 400‐m walk test, and isokinetic knee strength. Mixed models were used to examine the associations between 25(OH)D status (<50, 50–75, and 75 nmol/L) and LEF adjusted for age, gender, race, education, field site, and season. Participant mean age was 74.7 yrs; 51.1% were women, 39.7% were black, and 31.7% had 25(OH)D 75 nmol/L. Compared to individuals with 25(OH)D <50 nmol/L, those with 25(OH)D 75 nmol/L had 0.17 (SE=0.03) higher Health ABC SPPB scores (p<0.0001) and 0.09 (SE=0.01) m/sec faster gait speed on the 400‐m walk test (p<0.0001) across all 3 time points, but had similar knee strength (p=0.79). Although LEF declined over time (p<0.0001 for all), the interaction between vitamin D status and time was not significant. In summary, vitamin D insufficiency is associated with lower extremity function but not with greater declines in lower extremity function over 4 years of follow‐up. NIA, R01 AG029364.
Improved obesity‐induced insulin resistance in mice lacking Tumor Progression Locus 2 (TPL2)
Authors: Lee Yunkyoung , Perfield James W , Chang Eugene , Hussain Sajid , Xie Chen , Tsichlis Phillip N , Obin Martin S , Greenberg Andrew S
Published: June 2021

Chronic inflammation due to adiposity is closely related to various metabolic complications including insulin resistance and type II diabetes. TPL2 is a serine/threonine kinase that is located downstream of IKKβ and involved in the regulation of MAPKs and inflammatory cytokines such as TNFα. In this study, we utilized the TPL2 knockout (KO) mouse to test our hypothesis that TPL2 ablation would improve obesity‐induced inflammation and insulin resistance. Wild‐type (WT) and TPL2 KO mice were fed either a normal chow diet or a high fat diet (HFD) for 16 weeks. TPL2 ablation did not alter HFD‐induced adiposity; however ITTs and hyperinsulinemic euglycemic clamp studies demonstrated improved insulin sensitivity in obese TPL2 KO mice. Insulin signaling studies revealed increased Akt activation in the muscle and adipose tissue of obese TPL2KO mice. Consistent with the improved insulin sensitivity, adipose tissue of obese TPL2 KO mice had a reduced presence of crown‐like structures. Despite WT levels of obesity, gene expression of macrophage markers (F4/80, CD11c), chemokines (MCP‐1) and pro‐inflammatory cytokines (IL‐1β, TNFα) was reduced in the adipose tissue of obese TPL2 KO mice. Obesity‐induced activation of ERK and JNK was also attenuated in obese TPL2 KO mice. Furthermore, inflammatory gene expression and lipid accumulation were reduced in the livers of obese TPL2 KO mice. Overall, our results are the first to demonstrate in vivo a role for TPL2 in obesity‐associated metabolic dysfunction. These data suggest TPL2 is a novel target for improving the metabolic state associated with obesity. Supported by ADA and NIH

Grant Funding Source: NIH and ADA
Prevalence of Metabolic Syndrome in Young Adults in a Historically Black College (HBCU) Setting
Authors: Tope Avinash M , Rogers Phyllis F
Published: June 2021

Ethnic disparities in the prevalence of obesity continue to exist. African Americans (AA) continue to report higher rates for obesity than any other ethnic group. However, there is limited data on the prevalence of Metabolic Syndrome (MtS) in young AA. Overweight and obesity are linked to greater risk for MtS, a cluster of chronic diseases that include a high body mass index (BMI), diabetes, hypertension and lipid imbalance. With an objective to create greater awareness through early detection and intervention, SHAPE UP KSU was launched through a successful collaboration between researchers, the local health department and teaching faculty in the fall of 2009 at Kentucky State University, an HBCU. With more than 2/3 of KSU students being AA (18–24 years), freshmen students (n=149) were recruited and were screened for 1. Body Mass Index, 2. Waist and hip measurements 2. Fasting sugar, 3. Total Cholesterol, 4. HDL, 5. LDL, 6. Fasting Triglycerides and 7. Blood Pressure. Applying NCEP ATP III criteria for MtS, approximately 44% (n=27) of the participants were found ‘at risk’ for MtS. Starting with freshmen, those found ‘at risk’, will be offered nutrition and life style related counseling. These partnerships with local and national resources will work as a ‘model’ for many other institutions of higher education, especially HBCUs.
Blood Pressure is Associated with BMI and Predicts Plasma Glucose Control and Triglycerides among Obese Latinos with Type 2 Diabetes
Authors: Chhabra Jyoti , Vega‐López Sonia , D'Agostino Darrin , Fernandes Maria Luz , Segura‐Pérez Sofia , Damio Grace , Pérez‐Escamilla Rafael
Published: June 2021

The objective of this study was to examine the relationship of BMI, diastolic and systolic blood pressure (DBP, SBP), Triglycerides (TG), HDL‐Cholesterol (C), LDL‐C, Fasting Plasma Glucose (FPG), and Glycosylated Hemoglobin (HbA1c) in Latino patients with type 2 diabetes (T2D). Demographic information was gathered. Weight and height were measured. Blood sample was obtained from 211 patients ≥21 yrs, HbA1c ≥7, residing in Hartford county (M=26.5%; F=73.5%). Means: age=56.4±11.8 yrs, BMI=33.7±7.8 kg/m2, SBP=120±15.8 mm Hg, DBP=68.4±9.6 mm Hg, TG=153±95 mg/dL, HDL‐C=51±14 mg/dL, LDL‐C=98±39 mg/dL, FPG=10.4±4.5 mmol/dl (187.2±81 mg/dl), HbA1c=9.6±1.8%. 120 patients had a diagnosis of hypertension. Linear regression results revealed that BMI was related only to diastolic BP (adj. R2=0.02, Std. β=0.14, p≤0.04). DBP predicted FPG (adj. R2=0.03, Std. β=0.19, p≤0.01). On regressing both DBP and TG predicting FPG, only TG was significant (adj. R2=0.13, Std. βDBP=0.10 (p=0.15), Std. βTG=0.35(p≤0.00)). FPG was related with HbA1c (adj. R2=0.24, Std. β=0.5, p≤0.00). In an overweight/obese population, the relationship between BMI and plasma glucose among individuals with T2D may be mediated by other metabolic syndrome indicators, such as diastolic BP and TG.

Funding: Connecticut NIH Export Center of Excellence for Eliminating Health Disparities among Latinos (NIH‐NCMHD grant # P20MD001765).
Adipocity‐related chemokines as early biomarkers of metabolic syndrome in Korean adults
Authors: Bae Yun‐Jung , Kim Se‐Hong , Chung Ju‐Hye , Kim Kyung‐Soo , Kwon O‐Ran , Kim Mi‐Kyung , Sung Mi‐Kyung
Published: June 2021

Recent studies have suggested that the increased circulating adipokines and inflammatory cytokines are possible mediators of metabolic syndrome (MetS)‐related disorders. The objective of this study was to establish the link between the MetS and blood markers of adipocity and inflammation in Korean adults. Study subjects included 86 MetS and their age‐matched controls (n=86). Study results indicated that the intercellular adhension molecules (ICAM) (p=.0001), monocyte chemoattractant protein‐1 (MCP‐1) (p=.0001), and oxidized LDL (oxLDL) (p=.0001) were significantly higher in MetS subjects compared to those of the control. MetS subjects had significantly lower serum concentrations of adiponectin (p=.0001) than the control. In a pooled analysis, the number of MetS component were significantly decreased with increasing adiponectin concentration (p=.0001), and increased with increasing ICAM (p=.0013), MCP‐1 (p=.0202), and oxLDL concentrations (p=.0001). These results suggest that adipocytokine and inflammation markers may be representative blood biomarkers of metabolic syndrome.

<This work was supported by the Ministry of Knowledge Economy for the Regional Innovation System program in 2009(B0009639) and the SRC program of the Korea Science and Engineering Foundation (KOSEF) grant funded by the Korea government (2009‐0063409)>

Grant Funding Source: Nutrition(ASN)
Sub‐Chronic Effects of Orally Ingested Liquid Dietary Supplement, TAIslim® Containing A Combination of Soluble Dietary Fiber, Phenylalanine, N‐Acetyl‐Tyrosine, Tea Polyphenols with Caffeine and Lycium barbarum on Body Weight and Other Anthropometric Parameters in a Controlled Cross‐over Human Clinical Study
Authors: Amagase Harunobu , Handel Richard
Published: June 2021

Three month intake of TAIslim® containing soluble dietary fiber, L‐phenylalanine, N‐acetyl‐L‐tyrosine, standardized tea polyphenols with caffeine and Lycium barbarum was examined in a controlled human clinical study in a cross‐over design. Total 25 healthy overweight adults (age=40.7 y, BMI=29.9 kg/m2) consumed 60 ml of TAIslim 3 times/d immediately before meals. Anthropometric parameters and resting metabolic rate (RMR) measured by an indirect calorimeter were examined at baseline, on 30, 60 and 90 days in both phases. The phase interval was 60 days. Subjects were required to walk 30 min daily monitored by pedometer and to curtail caloric intake after 7 PM. A protein‐based diet with multi‐vitamin and Lycium barbarum supplement resume program (about 1,200 kcal/d) was required and monitored by diary. Average parameters were significantly reduced by 6.3% (body weight), 6.1% (BMI), 7.4% (waist circumference), 5.4% (waist/hip ratio), 5.4% (total body fat), 14.5% (fasting blood glucose level), blood pressure (SBP by 8.4%, DBP by 14.3%) and heart rate by 7.2% (P < 0.05) from pre‐intervention. RMR was significantly increased by 220 kcal, about 14% over baseline (1,679 kcal) 2h after TAIslim intake. To the contrary, during the control phase, all parameters were not significantly changed compared to the baseline. These results suggest that TAIslim may affect anthropometric parameters by enhancing energy expenditure.
The type and amount of dietary fat and time of consumption alters hepatic lipogenesis and oxidation: role of PGC1β
Authors: Ordaz‐Nava Guillermo , Cruz‐Salazar Nataly , Lara‐Pompa Nara E , Tovar Armando R , Torres Nimbe
Published: June 2021

There is a controversy in the modulation of hepatic lipid metabolism by the type of fatty acid in the diet. Thus, the purpose of the present work was to evaluate the effect of short‐ and long‐term consumption of different type and amount of dietary fat on hepatic lipogenesis and oxidation in rat. Short‐term consumption for seven days showed that fatty acid oxidation was increased by soybean oil (SO) and coconut oil (CO) by increasing CPT1 via PPARα coactivated by PGC1β, and the presence of cholesterol in the SO diet reduced fatty acid oxidation. The lipogenic activity mediated by SREBP‐1 and FAS was higher in the group fed CO + cholesterol and the increase in the amount of SO decreased lipogenic activity mediated by SREBP‐1 and FAS. Long‐term consumption showed that the higher the amount of fat in the diet the higher the inhibition in lipogenic and oxidation gene expression independently of the type of fat. SO with a ω3/ω6 ratio 8.4 produced a higher oxidation and lower lipogenesis than the groups fed butter or chia oil with ω3/ω6 ratio of 3 and 0.2 respectively. Thus fatty acid insaturation and amount of fat modulate hepatic fatty acid oxidation and lipogenesis.

Supported by INCMNSZ.
A Mediterranean‐style low glycemic load diet reduces LDL oxidation and Lipoprotein (a) in women classified with the metabolic syndrome
Authors: Comperatore Michael Vincent , Andersen Catherine , Jones Jennifer , Lerman Robert , Fernandez Maria Luz
Published: June 2021

We evaluated the effect of a Mediterranean‐style low glycemic load diet alone (n = 17) or accompanied by intake of a medical food containing plant sterols, soy protein, rho iso‐alpha acids, and proanthocyanidins (n = 20) on oxidized LDL (oxLDL), a key marker of oxidative stress and on Lipoprotein (a) [Lp (a)], a marker of atherosclerosis and thrombosis in women classified with metabolic syndrome. As diets high in trans fatty acids have been associated with increased Lp(a), we evaluated change in trans fatty acid intake over the 12 weeks of study and found reduction from 5.1 ± 3.0 g/d to 1.5 ± 1.2 g/d (P< 0.001). Plasma LDL cholesterol (P < 0.0001) decreased substantially as did small dense LDL from 1127 ± 446 mmol/L to 939 ± 434 mmol/L (P < 0.00001) measured by nuclear magnetic resonance. Measurements of oxLDL are based on the recognition of oxidized apo B100 by monoclonal antibody 4E6. Although plasma levels of oxLDL had a wide range among subjects (1–745.8 ng/mL), this parameter was decreased over time for all women from 121.3 ± 150.4 to 110.7 ± 153.9 ng/mL (P < 0.025) with no differences between groups. In addition, Lp (a) decreased from 24.2 ± 20.8 mg/dL at baseline to 10.6 ± 5.7 mg/dL at wk 12 (P < 0.01). Thirty percent of the women had plasma Lp(a) concentrations > 30 mg/dL, which returned to normal range after 12 wk of dietary intervention.. These data suggest that dietary modifications involving reduced intake of trans fatty acids and resulting in the formation of less atherogenic lipoproteins have an impact on plasma oxLDL and Lp(a). [Supported by MetaProteomics, LLC].
The Influence of Diets Differing in Polyunsaturated Fatty Acids on Renal Function in Female Rats
Authors: Gigliotti Joey , Lukas Robin , Smith Amber L , Tou Janet C
Published: June 2021

Renal tissue is influenced by dietary composition in rodents. Evidence suggests that renal diseases may be modulated by dietary polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs). Therefore, the objective of our study was to evaluate kidney function in rats fed diets differing in PUFAs. Young (28 d) female Sprague‐Dawley rats (n=10/group) were individually housed in metabolic cages to collect urine. Rats were pair‐fed high fat diets (12% by weight) consisting of corn oil (CO) rich in n‐6 PUFAs, or flax (FO), menhaden (MO), or krill (KO) oils rich in n‐3 PUFA. After 8 weeks rats were euthanized and serum and both kidneys were collected. Kidney function was assessed by measuring serum total protein, albumin, blood urea nitrogen (BUN), creatinine, calcium (Ca), and phosphorus (P) by colorimetric reactions. Urinary protein was determined by colorimetric assay. Kidney tissue and urinary mineral content was determined by inductively‐coupled plasma spectrometry. Rats fed KO had heavier (P<0.01) kidney weights than rats fed FO or MO. No differences were found in serum measurements of kidney function. However, urinary protein was higher (P=0.03) in rats fed KO compared to rats fed MO. Rats fed KO also had the highest (P<0.001) urinary P content. The data suggests that different dietary PUFAs influence urinary protein and mineral content, conditions associated with the development of kidney diseases. Funding NRI Grant #1004489R USDA‐NIFA.
Evaluation and implementation of nutrition competencies and a competency‐based resource guide in preschool‐aged children
Authors: Scherr Rachel Erin , Brigss Marilyn , Reed Heather , Zidenberg‐Cherr Sheri
Published: June 2021

The Center for Nutrition in Schools in the Department of Nutrition at UC Davis in conjunction with the California Department of Education (CDE) has created nutrition competencies for preschool‐aged children. These competencies will serve as standards for nutrition knowledge and skills for preschool children. The competencies were evaluated by preschool teachers, nutrition education experts, and CDE. During focus group assessment, teachers’ greatest concern was the need for resources and information for parents. Based on focus group results, a resource guide was developed. Field tests at five sites showed that after implementation of the resource guide, teachers began to include more cooking and gardening activities into daily routines. In addition, after using the resource guide, all teachers thought it was necessary to begin nutrition education at the preschool level. All teachers found that the resource guide had value to both teachers and children and would recommend it to other teachers. Teachers noted that children were more interested in fruits and vegetables and parents were participating more in gardening activities. Future research will include large scale implementation and evaluation of the resource guide and to meet nutrition competencies. (Supported by CDE 08‐85136).
An Evaluation of the California Instructional School Garden Program Grants
Authors: Hazzard Eric L , Moreno Elizabeth , Beall Deborah Lane , Zidenberg‐Cherr Sheri
Published: June 2021

This study evaluated the effectiveness of the California Instructional School Garden Program (CISGP) grants. A total of 1,992 surveys were sent and 749 grantee schools completed the survey for a 37.6% response rate. The development of a new garden, sustained use of an existing garden, or expansion of an existing garden was less than expected (p=.01). Fewer schools than expected reported using the garden for instruction (p<.001) and to teach academic subjects (p<.003). Almost two‐thirds of schools (63.5%) reported they were able to utilize all of their grant funds. Other schools (5.3%) did not have all of all their funds distributed to them, while some schools (3.2%) did not have any of their funds distributed to them. Less than 40% of schools reported they were able to accomplish all of their garden goals with the funds. Approximately 26% reported the funds they received were not sufficient to reach their gardening goals. Over one‐third of schools reported that the state budget crisis negatively affected their school garden. In summary, the difference between predicted and actual utilization of the CISGP grants may be due to a combination of the state budget shortfall and insufficient amount of the grant awards. Funding for this project was paid for, in part, by the California Department of Food and Agriculture Specialty Crops Grant NOFA #07‐0135 and the Gustavus and Louise Pfeiffer Research Foundation.
Soul food or salsa: African American dietary patterns in the Southwest
Authors: Thompson Sharon V , Winham Donna M , Wolven Jessica R
Published: June 2021

Nutrition education programs often assume that African Americans follow a Southern or Soul Food dietary pattern. Little evidence exists on the actual dietary intakes of African Americans in Arizona. We collected baseline dietary intake information as part of the development of a heart disease risk reduction intervention from a convenience sample of 307 African Americans aged 18–60 years. Participants completed food frequency questionnaires (FFQs) about their general dietary patterns and intakes of Soul Foods (Jackson Heart Study FFQ) and Hispanic foods. Additional questions were asked about heart disease knowledge and risk factors. A majority of the sample was overweight or obese. Fifty‐one percent of men exceeded dietary recommendations for fat intake compared to 30% of women. Few met dietary guidelines for fruits and vegetables (17%), legumes (9%), or fiber (15%). In contrast to qualitative statements, few people reported eating Soul Foods regularly, except for greens or fried fish which were consumed at least 2–3 times per month by 50% of the sample. Participants did not report regular consumption of Hispanic foods either. These findings suggest actual dietary intakes should be assessed before using Soul Foods as examples of modified recipes in nutrition education outreach. Funding was provided by St. Luke's Health Initiatives and the Arizona Department of Health Services.
Ketogenic therapy education modules for caregivers and healthcare professionals
Authors: Allen Hannah , Lee Katherine , Jones Lauren , Andrade Edgard , Carney Paul , Liu Zhao , Borum Peggy R.
Published: June 2021

Background

Ketogenic Therapy (KT) is a high fat, low carbohydrate, adequate protein diet used to treat epilepsy which requires strict adherence. Due to limited knowledge about KT, caregivers (CG) and healthcare professionals (HCP) require comprehensive education to successfully implement KT.

Objective

To create KT education modules for CG and HCP.

Methods

Education modules were developed to meet specific needs and refined in a clinical and research setting.

Results

Education modules were created to meet the listed education needs.

Education Needs

Appropriate expectations for KT and skills needed for administration

Support through continual contact, education, and data collection

Current information about KT provided on a quarterly basis

A collection of peer reviewed literature to increase KT awareness and to be used for evidence based patient care

Documentation of patient's progress on KT with emphasis on progress since last KT clinic visit

Documentation of macronutrient content of all ingested substances

A spreadsheet calculator with instructions on how to prepare meals and administer the KT diet prescription

Conclusion

Education modules are available on the internet for continual use and to aid in long term compliance. These modules for CG and HCP can be used in a typical clinical setting and at other KT centers.
Converting food intakes to retail commodities: A novel approach to identify trends in food commodity usage by Americans
Authors: Bowman Shanthy , Martin Carrie , Friday James , Moshfegh Alanna , Lin Biing‐Hwan
Published: June 2021

There are no national databases that convert foods consumed in the national dietary surveys to food commodities, important in tracking changes in foods consumed with changes in commodity availability. The study objectives are: (1) to develop the Food Intakes As Retail Commodities (FIARC) Database that converts foods eaten in What We Eat In America, the dietary component of the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey, to retail food commodities, and (2) to determine changes in selected food commodity consumption over the survey periods. There are 8 major categories in FIARC: dairy; grains; fruits; nuts; caloric sweeteners; fats and oils; vegetables and legumes; and meat, fish, poultry and eggs, with each having several components. FIARC includes 68 food commodities in total. The major steps to develop FIARC: (1) foods consumed in the surveys are separated into their ingredients and assigned to an appropriate commodity and (2) conversion factors are applied to adjust for food preparation and processing losses to convert foods consumed back to commodities. From the 1994–1998 to the 2001–2002 survey periods, among persons ≥2y, mean consumption of lowfat milk (89g vs. 104g); total fruit (329g vs. 349g); and tomatoes (93g vs. 108g) increased, while total vegetables (379g vs. 346g) decreased. FIARC is useful for nutrition and agricultural policy development. Funding sources: ARS/ERS/USDA
Dietary protein intake among adults in the United States and its relationship to select body composition measures
Authors: Parker Kerri Beth , Berner Louise A. , Doi Jimmy
Published: June 2021

Higher protein intakes may help maintain lean body mass in adults. The purpose of this research was to examine the relationship between dietary protein and body composition measures among adults in the US, with a focus on older adults, using data from NHANES. Dietary data were from two 24‐hour recalls. Body composition data were from DXA measurements from NHANES 2003–04. SAS and SUDAAN software were used for data management and regression analyses. All analyses were performed separately by age group (19–50, 51–70, and 71+) and gender. Covariables were age, height, total energy intake, physical activity (average intensity from physical activity monitor), total body fat mass (g), race/ethnicity, and education level. Results indicate that protein intake (expressed either as g/day or % of energy) was positively associated with total lean mass (excluding bone) in males 19–50 and 51–70 (P < 0.01) and with trunk lean mass in males of all age groups. The percent of protein contributed by animal foods was positively associated with total and trunk lean mass in males 19–50 (P < 0.01). These associations were not significant in females. Findings suggest that protein intake is a modifiable factor associated with lean body mass in this nationally representative analysis of men. Supported by grants from the CSU Agricultural Research Initiative, National Cattlemen's Beef Association, and the Dairy Council of California.
Benefits and barriers towards pulse consumption in physically active adults
Authors: Zello Gordon Alexander , Bennett Christine B. , DesRoches Andrea J. , Chilibeck Philip D.
Published: June 2021

Dietary pulse consumption (PC) in Canada is low and currently little information is available to explain this trend. We assessed, using a modified questionnaire, the perceived benefits and barriers to PC among physically active adults. The questionnaire, based on the health beliefs model, addressed key barriers and benefits of PC, nutritional knowledge, physical activity, current PC and demographics. Fifty‐one respondents (32 m, 19 f, 24.5 y), from Saskatoon, SK completed the questionnaire. The benefits associated with PC were agreed with more often compared to barriers of PC. The practical barriers of a lack of preparation knowledge (58% agreed) and time constraints (39% agreed) received the highest rate of agreement, but respondents disagreed with barriers of social pressure and self‐efficacy (82% disagreed). Respondents agreed with the benefit of improved general health (82% agreed), but demonstrated a lack of awareness for disease prevention, environmental and economical benefits of PC. Strategies to promote these nutrient‐rich foods should aim to improve practical skills in food preparation and increase knowledge of the specific health benefits of PC. (Research funding provided by the Saskatchewan Pulse Growers)
Idiopathic pulmonary hypertension human tissue biobank
Authors: Grizzle William E. , Sexton Katherine C. , Tuder Rubin M. , McLaughlin Valerie V. , Parker Suzanne B.
Published: June 2021

Idiopathic pulmonary hypertension (IPH) is characterized by elevated pulmonary arterial pressure. The pathophysiology has not been elucidated and research has been frustrated by a lack of quality, well‐characterized tissue samples. The Pulmonary Hypertension Breakthrough Initiative (PHBI) was established to characterize the genotype, cellular basis, and biomolecular pathways of IPH and to fund a network of ten lung transplantation centers, two tissue processing centers and a coordinating center. As one of the tissue processing centers, our laboratory operates the PHBI Biobank. This is a disease‐specific biobank for IPH tissues. Standard operating procedures were designed for the collection, processing, and storage of samples. Lung transplantation centers enroll and obtain consent for the collection of tissues, and clinical histories from participants prior to transplantation. Blood is obtained for genotyping or processing prior to banking. Following lung explantation, fresh samples are shipped immediately. Execution of the standard operating protocol yields over 100 aliquots of tissue that are frozen or preserved using multiple techniques to accommodate analysis of cells, protein, DNA, and RNA. All fixed samples are sent to the Biobank where they are bar‐coded, linking them to annotated clinical data. To date tissue has been obtained from 51 lung transplants and >1000 samples have been distributed.