bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The Dilemma in Neutralizing the State Civil Apparatus (ASN) and Alternative Solutions
Authors: Sihaloho Nahot Tua Parlindungan , Herlan Herlan
Published: December 2020

According to a State Civil Apparatus Commission (KASN) report in 2019, more than 200 State Civil Apparatus (ASN) violated neutrality in the general elections and local elections during the 2015-2018 period. Based on a preliminary study, it found that several violations had occurred because of a dilemma for the State Civil Apparatus (ASN) concerned. State Civil Apparatus (ASN) must be neutral by the law mandate, but they cannot be impartial if they want their career as State Civil Apparatus (ASN) not to be damaged. This study uses a normative legal research method with a literature study research design. This study seeks to examine the effects of bureaucratic politicization and find win-win solutions to the problems experienced by the State Civil Apparatus (ASN). The results of this study emphasize the need to expand the authority of the State Civil Apparatus Commission (KASN) to impose sanctions on violators of neutrality. The implications of this research are the following six practical recommendations: first, the existing rules after the enactment of Law No. 5/2014 must be revised so that Civil Service Officer (PPK) was no longer given position to politicians, but rather the senior State Civil Apparatus (ASN); secondly, election criminal law enforcement does not need to involve the police, and the prosecutor's office (just General Election Supervisory Agency); third, localization of the State Civil Apparatus Commission (KASN) by establishing a State Civil Apparatus Commission (KASN) in the regions to increase the effectiveness of the oversight function of the State Civil Apparatus (ASN); fourth, the length of service for officials is only one term; fifth, the abolition of voting rights for State Civil Apparatus (ASN); sixth, changing the career guideline model of the State Civil Apparatus (ASN) from regional government autonomy to the central government by the rank or class.
¿Hacia una dispersión de archivos arquitectónicos?
Authors: Figueiredo Sergio M.
Published: December 2020

Aun cuando los museos de arquitectura pueden ser de todo tipo de formas y tamaños, la práctica de establecer un archivo de artefactos arquitectónicos e instituir la accesibilidad pública es fundamental para todos. Si en las últimas décadas se han identificado dos enfoques principales para el archivo arquitectónico, a saber, la "profundidad crítica" de conjuntos cuidadosamente seleccionados y la "amplitud enciclopédica" de colecciones extensas, recientemente se han desarrollado e implementado nuevos modelos híbridos. El nuevo modelo dominante parece ser conceptual, cuando no formal: la dispersión del archivo arquitectónico. Sin embargo, con tal dispersión creciente, ¿corre el riesgo de evaporación el propio el archivo arquitectónico?
Mixed Medullary – Papillary Thyroid Carcinoma with mixed lymph node metastases: a case report
Authors: Guerreiro Vanessa , Costa Cláudia , Oliveira Joana , Santos Ana Paula , Farinha Mónica , Jacome Manuel , Freitas Paula , Carvalho Davide , Torres Isabel
Published: December 2020

Medullary and papillary thyroid carcinoma are two distinct neoplasms.
Its simultaneous is uncommon and its occurrence as a mixed follicular
medullary carcinomas is extremely rare. We present a 60-year-old man
with the mixed medullary-papillary carcinoma of the thyroid and
papillary and medullary component metastases on lymph nodes.
Formação docente: olhares sobre os saberes e práticas docentes no espaço do Pré-Universitário Popular Povo Novo
Authors: Das Neves Fernanda Caseira , Pereira Vilmar Alves Pereira Alves
Published: December 2020

O presente trabalho fundamenta-se em realizar uma análise da prática docente durante as minhas ações como educadora popular no contexto do curso Pré-Universitário Popular Povo Novo. Embasadas, portanto, na proposta de uma Educação Ambiental Popular possibilitando a base epistemológica orientar as atividades educativas de extensão no contexto do Programa de Auxílio ao Ingresso nos Ensinos Técnico e Superior – (PAIETS) da Universidade Federal do Rio Grande (FURG).  O acesso, assim como a permanência são grandes desafios enfrentados na vida profissional do docente, principalmente no que condizem as especificidades do curriculum do próprio curso e a articulação deste com os objetivos, os métodos de ensino, o planejamento didático e as condutas de avaliação, utilizadas durante os quatro anos de formação na Universidade, instigando a redefinição das bases formativas docentes num horizonte mais humano, crítico e transformador. Assim, procurou-se entender e valorizar os saberes e as práticas no processo de construção do diálogo entre os educandos e o sujeito histórico em seu contexto, visando à avaliação como uma prática emancipatória, onde o educando possa ser visto como o principal agente em seu processo de formação e nas construções das aprendizagens em meio de uma forte onda de políticas de desvalorização da educação. Aponto durante a pesquisa como educadora popular e graduanda do curso de Letras - Espanhol o que compreendemos sobre o processo de formação e algumas de nossas expectativas e dificuldades enfrentadas no dia a dia da sala de aula.
Corpus-based Analysis of Lexicosemantic Behaviour of Nervous System Diseases Names
Authors: Lacková Marta
Published: December 2020

Terminology represents a significant factor in healthcare communication between specialists and patients. The present paper deals with the lexicosemantic characteristics of multi-word lexical units multiple sclerosis, amyotrophic lateral sclerosis, Parkinson’s disease, Alzheimer’s disease, epidural abscess, Huntington’s chorea, and carpal tunnel syndrome. The research questions focus on collocations, word combinations, and concordances in which they regularly appear; the first lemma to the left and the first lemma to the right from the studied lexeme demonstrate the principal positions of our interest. Simultaneously, the researcher considers their semantic restrictions, semantic prosody, and grammatical relations that influence their lexical features. The whole linguistic material is investigated in the framework of the text corpus English Web 2015 (enTenTen15) with the help of the search tool Sketch Engine. To begin the research, the frequencies of these lexical units are elaborated. The researcher also looks into the morphological classification of the studied words as these two factors affect them from the lexicological perspective. The research outcomes confirm that the nervous disease names appear in a wide range of structures, and they considerably contribute to successful communication in the medical surroundings. Moreover, the results indicate that the lexicosemantic behaviour of the terms reflects extralinguistic factors (psychological, social) of individual communication acts. The phenomenon is to be further examined and interpreted within the corpus analyses of other chosen lexical units, not only from the field of medicine. Eventually, the researcher outlines possible pedagogical implications of the research results in the process of teaching English.
Exploring Communicative Language Teaching Principles Alignment of English Textbook in Saudi Arabia Middle School
Authors: O. Alharbi Ahmed
Published: December 2020

This paper aims to analysis an English language textbook used in “middle school” (high school) in Saudi Arabia in-depth, to ascertain the type of pedagogy pushed by the teacher’s book. The criteria of analysis are adapted from Communicative Language Teaching (CLT). These criteria are used to analyses the textbook in terms of how communicative it is and personalised, how authentic, how meaningful; its degree of linguistic complexity; whether it is scaffolded, accuracy or fluency oriented; and how much of all each of these categories is in the textbook activities. The methodology of this paper is qualitative and presents only one aspect, textbook analysis, of a broader case study which forms part of a Ph.D. project that explores the factors behind the failure of implementation of CLT in Saudi Arabia. The results of this analysis show that in the textbook there is a careful balance between accuracy and fluency. There are some person, alised and meaningful activities, however most of the activities lack of authenticity which limits freedom for the students in using use the target language.
Experimental Models of Acute Lung Injury: their Advantages and Limitations
Authors: Mokra D , Mikolka P , Kosutova P , Calkovska A.
Published: December 2020

Acute damage to the lung may originate from various direct and indirect reasons. Direct lung injury may be caused by pneumonia, near-drowning, aspiration, inhalation of toxic gases etc., while indirect lung injury is secondary, following any severe extra-pulmonary disease, e.g. sepsis, acute pancreatitis, or severe trauma. Due to a complex pathophysiology of the acute lung injury, the treatment is also extremely complicated and except for lung-protective ventilation there have been no specific treatment approaches recommended. An urgent need for a reliable and sufficiently effective treatment forces the researchers into testing novel therapeutic strategies. However, most of these determinations should be done in the laboratory conditions using animals. Complex methods of preparation of various experimental models of the acute lung injury has gradually developed within decades. Nowadays, there have been the models of direct, indirect, or mixed lung injury well established, as well as the models evoked by a combination of two triggering factors. Although the applicability of the results from animal experiments to patients might be limited by many factors, animal models are essential for understanding the patho-physiology of acute lung injury and provide an exceptional opportunity to search for novel therapeutical strategies.
Cybersecurity Education to Create Awareness in Artificial Intelligence Applications for Developers and End Users
Authors: Dawson Maurice , Szakonyi Annamaria
Published: December 2020

This new era brings new promises of technology that will bring economic and societal benefits. Artificial Intelligence is to be the disruptor for work and even military technological applications. However, developers and end-users will play keys roles in how this technology is developed and ultimately used. Among these two groups, there are cybersecurity concerns that need to be considered. In this paper, the researchers address the process of secure development and testing. Also, for the end-user appropriate methods, procedures, and recommendations are defined that can mitigate the overall use of this technology within an enterprise.
The impact of urbanization expansion on agricultural land in Ethiopia: A review
Authors: Ayele Assefa , Tarekegn Kassa
Published: December 2020

In a country like Ethiopia where the vast majority of the populations are employed in agriculture, land is an important economic resource for the development of rural livelihoods. Agricultural land in peri-urban areas is, however, transformed into built-up regions through horizontal urban expansion that has an effect on land use value. In recent years Ethiopia has been experiencing rapid urbanization, which has led to an ever-increasing demand for land in peri-urban areas for housing and other nonagricultural activities that pervades agricultural land. There is a high demand for informal and illegal peri-urban land which has been held by peri-urban farmers, and this plays a vital role in the unauthorized and sub-standard house construction on agricultural land. This urbanization has not been extensively reviewed and documented. In this review an attempt has been made to assess the impacts of rapid urbanization on agricultural activities. Urban expansion has reduced the areas available for agriculture, which has seriously impacted upon peri-urban farmers that are often left with little or no land to cultivate and which has increased their vulnerability. Housing encroachments have been observed to be uncontrolled due to a weak government response to the trend of unplanned city expansion. This has left peri-urban farmers exposed to the negative shocks of urbanization because significant urbanization-related agricultural land loss has a positive correlation with grain production decrease. Appropriate governing bodies should control urban development in order to control the illegal and informal spread of urbanization on agricultural land that threatens food production.
A Holistic Approach to Polymeric Material Selection for Laser Beam Machining using Methods of DEA and TOPSIS
Authors: Roy Manish Kumar , Shivakoti Ishwer , Phipon Ruben , Sharma Ashis
Published: December 2020

Laser Beam machining (LBM) nowadays finds a wide acceptance for cutting various materials and cutting of polymer sheets is no exception. Greater reliability of process coupled with superior quality of finished product makes LBM widely used for cutting polymeric materials. Earlier researchers investigated the carbon dioxide laser cutting to a few thermoplastic polymers in thickness varying from 2mm to 10mm. Here, an approach is being made for grading the suitability of polymeric materials and to answer the problem of selection for LBM cutting as per their weightages obtained by using multi-decision making (MCDM) approach. An attempt has also been made to validate the result thus obtained with the experimental results obtained by previous researchers. The analysis encompasses the use of non-parametric linear-programming method of data envelopment analysis (DEA) for process efficiency assessment combined with technique for order preference by similarity to an ideal solution (TOPSIS) for selection of polymer sheets, which is based on the closeness values. The results of this uniquely blended analysis reflect that for 3mm thick polymer sheet is polypropelene (PP) to be highly preferable over polyethylene (PE) and polycarbonate (PC). While it turns out to be that polycarbonate (PC) to be highly preferable to other two polymers for 5mm thick polymer sheets. Hence the present research analysis fits very good for the polymer sheets of 3mm thickness while it deviates a little bit for the 5mm sheets.
Natural forest colonisation and soil formation on ash dump in southern taiga
Authors: Nekrasova Olga , Radchenko Tatiana , Filimonova Elena , Lukina Natalia , Glazyrina Margarita , Dergacheva Maria , Uchaev Anton , Betekhtina Anna
Published: December 2020

Ash dumps occupy significant areas around the world and make a negative influence on the environment. This effect is decreased by their natural colonisation determined by the bioclimatic conditions of the area. The purpose of the current study was to identify the structure of the forest communities and the initial stages of soil formation on the ash dump in southern taiga.

This study was carried out on three sites in the forest phytocoenosis formed in the process of revegetation of the Verkhniy Tagil Power Station ash dump over 50 years, as well as on two background forest sites in the Middle Urals. Complex geobotanical and soil studies were carried out.

The results of the study show that forest phytocoenoses with a predominance of hardwood species (Betula pendula Roth and Populus tremula L.) and a small admixture of coniferous species can form on the non-recultivated ash dump within 50 years in a boreal zone. In total, the studied mixed forest phytocoenoses are similar in composition to zonal secondary forests, but differ by having lower height and diameter of the stand, as well as herb–shrub layer coverage. Their species density and floristic richness are also lesser. The study proved that the process of soil formation is also proceeding according to the zonal type in the ash substrate under forest communities. The results of the study can be applied to justifying the forecasts of ecosystem restoration on the technogenic substrate, as well as for the species selecting for their recultivation in the studied area and similar to it.
The Influence of B2B Relationship Quality on Opportunism and Firm Performance
Authors: Yeo Amy Chu May , Lai Marcus Ee Ken
Published: December 2020

The primary objective of the research is to determine the influences of B2B relationship quality and opportunism on firm performance. This study takes a general perspective of business organisations by examining the hypothesised relationships in the context of B2B’s in the industrial business environment. The research employs a cross-sectional design whereby quantitative data is collected by means of an online survey. Using non-probability, judgmental and snowball sampling technique, a sample size of 98 employees from the industrial business environment within Malaysia was collected. The gathered data was analysed using statistical software Smart -PLS. The research yields several interesting findings on the association between B2B relationship quality and firm performance in the industrial business environment within Malaysia. Findings also unfolded that the quality of a relationship between businesses is able to influence firm performance and opportunism. Opportunism on the other hand was not found to have any influence on Firm Performance. The results of the study implied that the quality of the relationship between businesses that is built upon trust, commitment, satisfaction and information sharing are important in business relationships. A high-quality relationship that is shared among suppliers and customers is able to predict better firm performance and inhibit the negative effect of opportunism.
The effect of child benefit on female labor supply
Authors: Magda Iga , Kiełczewska Aneta , Brandt Nicola
Published: December 2020

In 2016, the Polish government introduced a large child benefit, called “Family 500+”, with the aim to increase fertility and reduce child poverty. It is universal for the second and every further child and means-tested for the first child. We study the impact of the new benefit on female labor supply, using Labor Force Survey data. Based on a difference-in-differences methodology, we find that the labor market participation rates of women with children decreased after the introduction of the benefit compared to that of childless women. The labor force participation rate of mothers showed a drop of 2–3 percentage points by mid-2017 as a result of the “Family 500+” program. The effect was higher among women with lower levels of education and among women living in small towns.
The Innovative HR Practices of Regional Administrations: Is it a New Round of Civil Service Reform in Russia ?
Authors: Barabashev Alexey G. , Zaytseva Tatiana V.
Published: December 2020

The paper examines the innovative HR practices of regional administrations in Russia and the inter-regional cooperation between HR departments of regional governmental bodies; in practice the dissemination is complicated by their relations with the federal bodies (national level) responsible for civil-service regulation.

The authors use the case of Russia to describe the positive experience of blended inter-regional (horizontal) and federal-local (vertical) cooperation between HR departments of the civil service (federal, regional, municipal) that started as a “best practices” initiative, guided by the Ministry of Labor and Social Protection of Russia (MLSP of Russia) in 2015. Several cases of such cooperation are described as examples of positive influence on the civil service with pushing changes, and as a tool to foster civil-service reform.

Our findings lead us to the conclusion that the knowledge and motivation accumulated by the innovative HR practices in regional governmental bodies enables them to overcome political, administrative, financial and legal barriers in public-service reform. From a theoretical perspective, the research shows that the theories of public-administration service reform (institutional and instrumental) should take into account the regional HR practices and inter-regional cooperation that promote those practices. Specific features and benefits of regional innovations help to compensate for the lack of formal political support of reforms, or to conquer bureaucratic resistance to change. As it happened in Russia, the regional initiatives facilitated multiple leadership behaviors that have the capacity to increase the willingness to experiment, expand commitment to innovations, and boost motivation for professional development.

Future research on the influence of new regional HR practices on civil-service reform can be concentrated on the exploration of regional communities of practice (CoP) that are involved in the process of elaborating and disseminating new HR practices. It will provide a better understanding of the limits and possibilities of the regions to support civil-service reform on a national level.
Population dynamics and habitat preference of two urbanized Columbidae species and their nest predator in two settlement types
Authors: Varga Sámuel Zsolt , Juhász Lajos
Published: December 2020

Since urbanization is a worldwide phenomenon, numerous species have gained the advantage of urban ecosystems. The Eurasian Collared Doves (Streptopelia decaocto) has become widespread all across Europe along with human-altered habitats. In general, population levels are stable but numbers have locally decreased in the past few decades. In parallel, a new wave of urbanization came forward, so Wood Pigeons (Columba palumbus) entered urban ecosystems alongside with other Columbidae species. In this paper, our primary goal was to find any connection between habitat availability factors such as coniferous tree density and the population dynamics of two urbanized species. A locally emerging corvid species, the Hooded Crow (Corvus cornix) was also taken into consideration in influencing tree-nesting doves and pigeons as a primary nest predator. During the research period, we aimed to express the differences in habitat structure of two urban ecotypes by nesting tree availability and structure and to prove the power of predator presence in sampling sites. Our results showed that residential areas have a higher proportion of coniferous trees, as well as the high preference of residential areas by Wood Pigeons and Eurasian Collared Doves.
Molecular Monitoring in Acute Myeloid Leukemia Patients Undergoing Matched Unrelated Donor – Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation: Single Center Experience
Authors: Panovska-Stavridis Irina , Pivkova-Veljanovska Aleksandra , Ridova Nevenka , Stojanovski Zlate , Cadievski Lazar , Trajkova Sanja , Popova-Labacevska Marija , Matevska-Geshkovska Nadica , Cevreska Lidija , Georgievski Borche , Dimovski Aleksandar
Published: December 2020

Introduction: Minimal residual disease (MRD) assessment in acute myeloid leukemia (AML) cases is a complex, multi-modality process and, though much of its clinical implications at different points are extensively studied, it remains even now a challenging area. It is a disease the biology of which governs the modality of MRD assessment; in patients harboring specific molecular targets, high sensitivity techniques can be applied. On the other hand, relapse is considered as the leading cause of treatment failure in AML patients undergoing allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (alloHSCT).

Materials and methods: Since November 2018 until June 2020, 10 AML patients underwent matched unrelated donor (MUD) HSCT at the University Clinic of Hematology-Skopje, Republic of North Macedonia. Molecular markers were identified in a total of 4 patients; 3 patients expressed chimeric fusion transcripts; two RUNX-RUNX1T1 and one for CBFB-MYH11. One patient harbored mutation in the transcription factor CCAAT/enhancer binding protein α (CEBPA). Post-transplant MRD kinetics was evaluated by using quantitative polymerase chain reaction (RT-qPCR) or multiplex fluorescent-PCR every three months during the first two years after the transplantation.

Results: MRD negativity was achieved in three pre-transplant MRD positive patients by the sixth month of HSCT. They sustained hematological and molecular remission for 19, 9 and 7 months, respectively. The fourth patient died due to transplant-related complications.

Conclusion: According to our experience, when molecularly-defined AML patients undergo HSCT, regular MRD monitoring helps predict impending relapse and direct future treatment strategies.
The Military Operation Eunavfor MED Irini – A Downscale of the EU’s Involvement in the Migration Crisis
Authors: Pricopi Marius
Published: December 2020

Even though at a lower intensity from its 2015-2016 top, the migration crisis at the southern borders of the European Union is far from being over. But as it succeeds the military operation EUNAVFOR MED Sophia in the Mediterranean Sea, the new operation EUNAVFOR MED Irini has a very different mandate, focusing less on the migration events happening in the international waters and more on the United Nations arms embargo on Libya. Using as scientific tools the qualitative analysis of social documents and the exploratory case study, this paper argues that EUNAVFOR MED Irini, the newest military operation of the European Union, does not reflect the same level of the organisation’s commitment to address the core causes that continue to generate the flow of illegal migrants.
The Wagner’s law testing in the Visegrád Four countries
Authors: Tesařová Žaneta
Published: December 2020

This research paper analyses the relationship between gross domestic product and public expenditures in nominal terms. The analysis is being done by using the standard Peacock-Wiseman specification of the Wagner’s law and provides the results for the Visegrád Four countries, i.e. the Czech Republic, Slovakia, Poland and Hungary. We aim to answer a question concerning the existence of a long and/or short-term relationship between the nominal GDP and nominal public expenditures, which consist of current and capital expenditures. To address this question, we employ the VAR model, the Johansen Cointegration test and the VEC model. We study a period between the first quarter of 1999 and the second quarter of 2019 and find out mixed results for the Visegrád Four countries.
The effect of the District Heating Return Temperature Reduction on Flue Gas Condenser Efficiency
Authors: Lepiksaar Kertu , Volkova Anna , Ruseljuk Pavel , Siirde Andres
Published: December 2020

The use of flue gas condensers proved to be effective in increasing boiler efficiency and achieving primary energy savings. The transition to the 4th generation district heating will lead to temperature reduction in district heating networks. The aim of this study is to determine the effects of the reduction in the district heating return temperature on flue gas condenser efficiency. Different DH return temperatures and fuel moisture contents were examined, and a calculation model was created. The results show that a reduction in district heating return temperature can lead to an increase in heat recovery through the flue gas condenser. Primary energy savings were estimated based on the amount of heat recovered.
The Research of Heavy Metals Stabilization in the Municipal Solid Waste Incineration Fly Ash Using Silica Nanocomposites
Authors: Kazizova Zamira , Vasarevičius Saulius , Lauka Dace
Published: December 2020

Municipal solid waste has become a serious problem because of rapid urbanization and great economic growth. As a result of these, huge impacts on the environment lead to a lot of problems not only air, soil or water pollution but human health too. One of the solutions to manage MSW problem is incineration with energy recovery that can reduce a large amount of waste in volume. But the activity of incineration plant is associated with the formation of a large amount of hazardous waste, a significant part is fly ash which is by-products of MSW contains a high number of heavy metals and salts which are very toxic. Fly ash is a really topical question today and it is important to find out how to dispose of it properly due to hazardous contents. In this study was performed the municipal solid incineration fly ash evaluation, experimental research of heavy metal composition of seven types of a concrete mixture containing different amounts of MSWI fly ash, silica nanocomposites for the determination of the best alternative and employing a SWOT analysis.
Role of Depression in Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease Patients
Authors: MB Aishwarya Gowda , Nair Sayoojya R , Deo Shefali , Vanlalhriatmawii Norah H , Numanuddin Mohammed , Moudgil Khayati
Published: December 2020

Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease is a progressive lung disease characterized by chronic obstruction of the lung airflow that interferes with normal bleeding and is not fully reversible. Chronic smoking is the most common risk factor for COPD causing severe cough, wheezing, labored breathing and reduced functionality. COPD not only exerts pulmonary symptoms but also has a spill over the extra pulmonary effects. Owing to the impact of the disease, it may lead to conditions like osteoporosis, cardiovascular complications as well as to psychological effects such as depression and anxiety. Such comorbidities are hidden and are not effectively treated. Depression, one of the most common hidden comorbidities is known to be present but never diagnosed. Various scales like HAM-D and Bode Index can be used to diagnose the extent of depression. Our review mainly focuses on the various studies conducted worldwide and comparing the results of the same. Based on the worldwide analysis, depression is known to affect a COPD patient at later stages and requires immediate diagnosis and appropriate treatment.
Analiza polityk przestrzennych jednostek samorządu terytorialnego w granicy ośrodka metropolitalnego na przykładzie Krakowa
Authors: Ogórek Piotr , Kulig Mateusz
Published: December 2020

Abstrakt

Obecnie zauważalne jest zjawisko zacierania się granic pomiędzy miastem a jego otoczeniem w wyniku postępującego procesu suburbanizacji. Podstawowa funkcja granicy – oddzielanie od siebie fragmentów przestrzeni – ulega zatraceniu. Analiza planowanych funkcji terenów przyjętych w studiach uwarunkowań i kierunków zagospodarowania przestrzennego poszczególnych jednostek samorządu terytorialnego po obu stronach granicy administracyjnej Krakowa pozwoli na wskazanie tendencji związanych z kształtowaniem przez władze samorządowe strefy przejściowej pomiędzy miastem centralnym (metropolią) a jego funkcjonalnym otoczeniem. Dodatkowa analiza zagospodarowania przestrzennego terenu w promieniu 500 m od granicy stanowi próbę odpowiedzi na pytanie, czy to miasto „rozlewa się” w stronę sąsiadujących gmin, czy gminy chcą „wlać się” do miasta?
UNCLOS Part XV Dispute Settlement Mechanism and Its Potential Relevance to the Lithuania–Latvia Sea Boundary Delimitation
Authors: Višinskytė Dalia
Published: December 2020

Settling of maritime boundary may be a challenging task. The Lithuanian-Latvian maritime border is still not settled and this legal uncertainty may lead to a maritime dispute. This article analyses what the international maritime boundary dispute settlement mechanisms are and how Lithuania and Latvia can use them if the dispute between the two countries arises.

Šis raksts sniedz īsu pārskatu par UNCLOS noteikumiem, kas regulē jūras robežu noteikšanu, jūras strīdu izšķiršanas mehānismu un šo noteikumu ietekmi uz pašreizējo Lietuvas un Latvijas jūras robežas stāvokli. Pārsteidzoši, ka Lietuva un Latvija nekad nav vienojušās par jūras robežas noteikšanu starp tām. Ir parakstīts Latvijas un Lietuvas līgums par teritoriālās jūras, ekskluzīvās ekonomiskās zonas un kontinentālā šelfa robežu noteikšanu Baltijas jūrā. Lietuva ratificēja šo līgumu, bet Latvija to nekad netika ratificējusi. Tādējādi jūras robeža starp šīm divām valstīm joprojām nav noteikta. UNCLOS būtība un gars liek domāt, ka šī konvencija sniedz visas iespējamās izdevības domstarpībās iesaistītajām valstīm izšķirt domstarpības draudzīgā veidā un izmantot piespiedu metodes tikai kā pēdējo iespēju. UNCLOS strīdu izšķiršanas mehānismus var iedalīt brīvprātīgos un piespiedu. Jūras robežas mierīga noregulēšana ir galvenais jūras strīdu izšķiršanas mehānisms. Puses ved sarunas labā ticībā un cenšas rast draudzīgu risinājumu. Lai panāktu vienprātību par piespiedu strīdu izšķiršanas mehānismiem, nepieciešama strīda izšķiršanas vietas izvēles elastība jūras strīdu izšķiršanai. Gan Lietuva, gan Latvija ir norādījušas, ka tās piekrīt Starptautiskā Jūras tiesību tribunāla un Starptautiskās Tiesas jurisdikcijai, un neviena no valstīm nav devusi priekšroku kādai no šīm strīdu izšķiršanas vietām, tāpēc valstij, kas ierosina procedūras, būtu jāizvēlas strīda izšķiršanas vieta. Šī raksta autore iesaka, pirmkārt, abām valstīm censties panākt savstarpēju vienošanos, lai rastu taisnīgu risinājumu. Tajā pat laikā tām jāmēģina vienoties par praktisku pagaidu kārtību, kas neierobežo galīgo robežu noteikšanu. Turklāt abām valstīm jāatturas no jebkādām darbībām, kas varētu apdraudēt vai kavēt galīgās vienošanās panākšanu. Tomēr, ja šāda strīdu izšķiršana neizdodas, valstis atkarībā no to vēlmēm var izvēlēties izšķirt jūras strīdu vai nu Starptautiskajā Jūras tiesību tribunālā vai Starptautiskajā tiesā.
Políticas Públicas e sua interface com o consumo de agrotóxicos no Brasil
Authors: De Godoi Emiliano Lobo , Domingos Ana Tereza Souza
Published: December 2020

O Brasil possui um curso histórico em que se foi incentivado um desenvolvimento da agricultura baseada em latifúndios e produção de commodities, tornando o país uma referência na agroexportação. Neste artigo, o objetivo é demonstrar como o aperfeiçoamento da agricultura ocorreu juntamente com o crescimento no consumo de agrotóxicos e como a legislação acompanhou essa realidade. O uso de agrotóxicos da forma como é feita no Brasil refletiu em uma crescente preocupação acerca de seu uso e de seus efeitos na saúde humana e no meio ambiente. Assim, o estudo do uso de agrotóxicos no país será feito por uma metodologia centrada na investigação do processo histórico de consumo de agrotóxicos e na compreensão da segurança alimentar e do Direito à Alimentação Adequada dentro do processo produtivo na agricultura, juntamente com a apresentação de Políticas Públicas que buscam priorizar uma agricultura orgânica e uma redução no consumo de agrotóxicos.
Structural Revisions of Diterpenoid Alkaloids
Authors: Wang Feng-Peng
Published: December 2020

Twelve diterpenoid alkaloids aconicarmichosides A–L (1–12) reported in the journals Chinese Chemical Letters (2017, 28, 1705–1710) and Acta Pharmaceutica Sinica B (2018, 8, 409–419) have been revised as their corresponding trifluoroacetates (1a–12a) based on the known literature as well as careful analysis.
Catalytic Mechanism of the Colistin Resistance Protein MCR-1
Authors: Suardiaz Reynier , Lythell Emily , Hinchliffed Philip , van der Kamp Marc , Spencer James , Fey Natalie , Mulholland Adrian
Published: December 2020

The mcr-1 gene encodes a membrane-bound Zn2+-metalloenzyme, MCR-1, which catalyzes phosphoethanolamine transfer onto bacterial lipid A, making bacteria resistant to colistin, a last-resort antibiotic. Mechanistic understanding of this process remains incomplete. Here, we investigate possible catalytic pathways using DFT and ab initio calculations on cluster models and identify a complete two-step reaction mechanism. The first step, formation of a covalent phosphointermediate via trans-fer of phosphoethanolamine from a membrane phospholipid donor to the acceptor Thr285, is rate-limiting and proceeds with a single Zn2+ ion. The second step, transfer of the phosphoethanolamine group to lipid A, requires an additional Zn2+. The calculations suggest the involment of the Zn2+ orbitals directly in the reaction is limited, with the second Zn2+ acting to bind incoming lipid A and direct phosphoethanolamine addition. The new level of mechanistic detail obtained here, which distinguishes these enzymes from other phosphotransferases, will aid in the development of inhibitors specific to MCR-1 and related bacterial phosphoethanolamine transferases.
On-Surface Mechanochemistry Synthesis of Non-Alternant Non-Benzenoid Aromatic Compounds Containing 4 to 8-Membered Rings
Authors: Mallada Benjamin , de la Torre Bruno , Mendieta-Moreno Jesus I. , Nachtigalova Dana , Matej Adam , Matousek Mikulas , Mutombo Pingo , Brabec Jiri , Veis Libor , Cadart Timothée , Kotora Martin , Jelinek Pavel
Published: December 2020

Synthesis of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons containing various non-benzenoid rings remains a big challenge facing contemporary organic chemistry despite a considerable effort made over the last decades. Herein, we present a novel route, employing on-surface mechanochemistry, to synthesize non-alternant polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon containing up to four distinct kinds of non-benzenoid rings. We show that the surface-induced mechanical constrains imposed on strained helical reactants play a decisive role leading to the formation of products, energetically unfavorable in solution, with a peculiar ring current stabilizing the aromatic character of the π-conjugated system. Determination of the chemical and electronic structures of the most frequent product reveals its closed-shell character and low band gap. The present study renders a new route for the synthesis of novel non-alternant polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons or other hydrocarbons not available by traditional approaches of organic chemistry in solution.
Synthesis of Ruthenium Bipyridyl Linked with Steroidal Oxidative Quencher for Photo Redox Studies
Authors: Gondi Sudershan Reddy
Published: December 2020

Abstract: Synthesis of ruthenium bipyridyl linked with steroid having oxidative quencher, viologens for study of photo redox properties were described.
Machine Learning-Guided Equations for Super-Fast Prediction of Methane Storage Capacities of COFs
Authors: Ahmed Alauddin
Published: December 2020

Covalent organic framework (COF) is a prominent class of nanoporous materials under consideration for vehicular methane storage. However, evaluating a COF for its methane capacity involves multiple experimental or computational steps, which is expensive and time consuming. Consequently, the discovery of high-capacity COFs for methane storage is very slow. Here we developed equations for super-fast prediction of deliverable methane capacities of COFs from a small number (3 to 7) of physically meaningful and measurable crystallographic features. We provided a set of equations with different fidelities for on-demand predictions based on the accessibility of crystallographic features. We found that an equation with only three crystallographic primary features, as variables, can predict deliverable capacities of 84,800 COFs with a root-mean-square error (RMSE) of 10 cm3 (standard temperature and pressure, STP) cm-3 and mean absolute percentage error (MAPE) of 5%. However, the highest fidelity equation developed here contains seven crystallographic primary features of COFs with RMSE and MAPE of 8.1 cm3 (STP) cm-3 and 4.2%, respectively. With that, we predicted methane storage capacities of 468,343 previously unexplored COFs using the highest fidelity equation and identified several hundred promising candidates with record-setting performance. CUBE_PBB_BA2, a hypothetical COF not yet synthesized, sets the new record of balancing gravimetric (0.396 g g-1) and volumetric (221 cm3 (STP) cm-3) deliverable methane storage capacities under the pressure swing between 65 and 5.8 bar at 298K. Also, 3D-HNU5, a previously synthesized COF, has shown the potential to achieve the gravimetric and volumetric methane storage U.S. Department of Energy target (0.5 g g-1 and 315 cm3 (STP) cm-3) simultaneously with uptakes of 0.755 g g-1 and 334 cm3 (STP) cm-3 at 100 bar/270 K.
DIAGNOSTICS AND PREVENTION OF CORRUPTION BEHAVIOR OF EMPLOYEES OF THE PENAL CORRECTION SYSTEM
Authors: Хотькина Ольга Константиновна
Published: December 2020

В статье изучены возможные области применения диагностики служебной деятельности сотрудников уголовно-исполнительной системы в качестве профилактики их коррупционного поведения, особенности и проблемные моменты диагностики сотрудников системы, исполнения наказаний, а так же выделены основные компоненты диагностирования. Результатом исследования явилось определение сфер целесообразности применения диагностики служебной деятельности при профилактике коррупционного поведения сотрудников уголовно-исполнительной системы.

The article explores the possible areas of application for the diagnostics of the performance of employees of the penitentiary system as a prevention of their corrupt behavior. The author has studied the features and problematic aspects of the diagnosis of system employees, the execution of sentences, as well as highlighted the main components of the diagnosis. The result of the study was the identification of areas of appropriateness of the use of performance diagnostics in the prevention of corrupt behavior of employees of the penal correctional system.
WILLINGNESS TO PAY (WTP) JASA LINGKUNGAN SUMBERDAYA AIR TANAH SUMUR DI KOTA KUPANG
Authors: Bani Aplonia , Benu Fredrik , Kotta Herry
Published: December 2020

Abstract: This study using an interview for survey, respondents were asked a series of questions about their willingness to pay for environmental services as hypothetical research, which would assist in the conservation of water resources. Willingness to pay (WTP) for the owners who commercialized the well water using bidding game methods with offers of different starting points was asked to the respondents for the Groundwater Basin (CAT) Tabun-Bakunase-Haukoto-Sikumana, CAT Kupang-Oesapa-Tarus, CAT Penfui and Baumata, CAT Bolok-Tenau-Alak-Namosain. The results of the study showed that the value of Willingnes To Pay of the well owner was commercialized from 17 respondents who were willing to pay in the amount of Rp. 518.209 or Rp.6,100/m3.

The average cost of production around Rp. 146.650/day, with the amount of discharged water that taken is 4.175 m3, with a cost per 5 m3 is Rp. 3.482, resulting in Rp.30.997 surplus for the producer. Consumer Respondent surplus towards payment of environmental services for commercialized wells water resources is Rp. 496.000,.

The consumption of commercialized well water resources in Kupang on CAT Bolok-Tenau-Alak-Namosain is 150 m3/day or 54.750 m3/year, CAT Tabun-Bakunase-Haukoto-Sikumana is 2.600 m3/day or 949.000 m3/year, CAT Kupang- Oesapa-Tarus is 1.125 m3/day or 410.625 m3/year, CAT Penfui is 300 m3/day or 109.500 m3/year, and the amount of water withdrawal is less than the potential of groundwater in each CAT, so there is a surplus of water discharge that taken on CAT in the city of Kupang.

The factors that influence the agreed response based on the test results indicate that the risk factors that have a low level of risk are Age (X1), Education (X2), Occupation (X3), Cost (X5), while risk factors that have a strong level of risk are Acceptance (X4) and Environmental Services Knowledge (X6). For Age risk factors (X1), Education (X2), Employment (X3), Costs (X5) have a low level risk level, this means that these factors are not risk factors that can pose a high risk on the willingness of the respondents to pay (WTP). While Acceptance (X4) and Environmental Services Knowledge (X6) have strong risk factors which means that these factors pose a strong risk to the willingness of respondents to pay (WTP), so that a significant effect is partially between acceptance and knowledge of environmental services to willingness of well owners in paying for groundwater environmental services that are used as economic goods. Acceptance and knowledge of environmental services have a significant effect because the greater the acceptance and knowledge of environmental services, the greater the willingness to pay for environmental services.
STUDENT’S PERCEPTION TOWARDS THE IMPLEMENTATION OF YOUTUBE SONG VIDEO CONTENT FOR LEARNING ENGLISH SONG LYRIC
Authors: Nisa Ichda Sholikhatun , Anwar Khoirul , Paulina Paulina
Published: December 2020

Student’s Perception is the process of students to interpret and organize an environment into meaningful information which cover student’s feeling of like or dislike towards something, it includes positive and negative opinion. Student’s Perception in this study focuses on the implementation of YouTube in Learning English song lyric. This study uses mixed method design. 72 students in class XI Science 3 and 7 in SMAN 1 Cerme become the subject of this study. The data was collected using Perception Questionnaire. After grained the data, the writer analyzed by using some formulas and SPSS 1.16. The writer also used interview to ensure the result of questionnaire.Based on the data analysis that was collected and analyzed from the students of XI-Science 3 and 7, 58,3 % of the students had positive perception towards the implementation of YouTube in Learning English song lyrics, from the interview and questionnaire result, this study is also gave many advantages from the student’s perception, the writer would like to answer the research questions as stated before. It consisted of a question involving to find out the research question “What is the students’ perception on the implementation of English song video in YouTube for learning song lyric at eleventh grade students in SMA Negeri 1 Cerme?”. The result is students had good perception, the students gave positive respond in every activity conducted in the classroom because the song make the class become more conducive, fun, and meaningful, so it influenced their ability in listening improved well. Not only that, they also mastered the component of language in English, such as grammar, vocabulary, and pronunciation. The result of questionnaire and interview, the percentage from students who disagree that learning English song lyric improved their understanding in identifying grammatical structure. Even though they have learnt grammar for many times, but they still have difficulties in learning grammatical structure. Not only that, students also have difficulties in differentiating the native speaker accent, such as American accent and British accent. Students also weak in imitating the sound of speech. It is because the native speaker speaks fast, so that they cannot get the word easily, they still repeat the English song again and again. Teacher also uses group discussion technique in learning English song lyric from YouTube, it made the students become more active in communicate and share ideas with their friends.
Treinta y cinco años traduciendo a Calderón
Authors: Coenen Erik
Published: December 2020

This article revolves around the translation into Dutch of La vida es sueño composed by the author, and englobes aspects ranging from the translation strategy and the revision process to the difficulties encountered to get it published and performed, while showing to what an the extent circumstances, often of casual nature, influenced the project. The Author also discusses his subsequent translations of other plays by Calderón and Lope de Vega, and how his translation strategy evolved, partially, again, due to fortuitous circumstances.
Empresarias mineras de Guanajuato, 1714-1803
Authors: Villalba Bustamante Margarita
Published: December 2020

La industria minero-metalúrgica de Guanajuato del siglo XVIII exigió la participación de amplios sectores de la sociedad, incluyendo las mujeres, sobre todo, a partir del gran incremento de la producción de metales preciosos de la segunda mitad del siglo. Sin embargo, ellas son las grandes ausentes de la historiografía mexicana a pesar de que se insertaron en diversos espacios de esa industria, algunas como poseedoras de minas, haciendas de beneficio y zangarros, otras como rescatadoras de metales. A partir de la trayectoria de dos empresarias mineras propietarias de distinto tipo de bienes, cuya conservación las obligó a realizar múltiples transacciones y mantener una estrecha relación con otros empresarios, pretendo mostrar su capacidad empresarial para administrar sus empresas.