bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
State and Local Determinants of Employment Outcomes Among Individuals With Disabilities
Authors: Sevak Purvi , O’Neill John , Houtenville Andrew , Brucker Debra
Published: July 2018

In the United States, employment rates among individuals with disabilities are persistently low but vary substantially. In this study, we examined the relationship between employment outcomes and features of the state and county physical, economic, and policy environment among a national sample of individuals with disabilities. To do so, we merged a set of state- and county-level environmental variables with data from the 2009–2011 American Community Survey accessed in a U.S. Census Research Data Center. We estimated regression models of employment, work hours, and earnings as a function of disability, personal characteristics, and these environmental features. We found that economic conditions and physical environmental variables had stronger associations than policy variables with employment outcomes. Although the estimated importance of environmental variables was small relative to individual disability and personal characteristics, our results suggest that these variables may present barriers or facilitators to employment that can explain some geographic variation in employment outcomes across the United States.
The American Journalist in the Digital Age: Another Look at U.S. News People
Authors: Weaver David H. , Willnat Lars , Wilhoit G. Cleveland
Published: July 2018

This project is based on interviews with a national probability sample of U.S. journalists to document the tremendous changes that have occurred in journalism in the 21st century. More than a decade has passed since the last comprehensive survey of U.S. journalists was carried out in 2002. This 2013 survey of U.S. journalists updates these findings with new questions about the impact of social media in the newsroom and presents a look at the data on the demographics, working conditions, and professional values of 1,080 U.S. journalists who were interviewed online in the fall of 2013.
Physical Activity Among Adolescents in India: A Qualitative Study of Barriers and Enablers
Authors: Satija Ambika , Khandpur Neha , Satija Shivani , Mathur Gaiha Shivani , Prabhakaran Dorairaj , Reddy K. Srinath , Arora Monika , Venkat Narayan K. M.
Published: July 2018

Inadequate physical activity (PA) levels are reported in Indian youth, with lowest levels among adolescents, particularly girls. We aimed to identify barriers to and enablers of PA among school children in New Delhi and examine potential differences by gender and school type (government vs. private). A total of 174 students (private school students = 88, 47% girls; government school students = 86, 48% girls) aged 12 to 16 years from two Delhi schools participated in 16 focus group discussions (FGDs) conducted by bilingual moderators. We conducted FGDs separately for girls and boys, for students in Grades VIII and IX, and for private and government schools. We conducted FGDs among government school students in Hindi and translated the transcriptions to English for analysis. We coded transcriptions using a combination of inductive and deductive approaches, guided by the “youth physical activity promotion model.” We identified various personal, social, and environmental barriers and enablers. Personal barriers: Private school girls cited body image–related negative consequences of PA participation. Social barriers: Girls from both schools faced more social censure for participating in PA. Environmental barriers: Reduced opportunity for PA in schools was commonly reported across all participants. Personal enablers: All participants reported perceived health benefits of PA. Social enablers: Several participants mentioned active parents and sports role models as motivators for increasing PA. Few environmental enablers were identified. This study highlights the need for further investment in physical activity within schools and for gender-sensitive policies for encouraging PA participation among adolescents in India.
The fate of abstracts presented at international ophthalmology meetings: 2- and 5-year publication rates
Authors: Villani Edoardo , Vujosevic Stela , Specchia Claudia , Tresca Carducci Filippo , De Cillà Stefano , Nucci Paolo
Published: July 2018

Purpose:

To investigate the 2- and 5-year publication rates of abstracts presented at major international ophthalmology meetings.

Methods:

We analyzed a random selection of 20% of free papers and posters presented at the 2010 meeting of the Association for Research in Vision and Ophthalmology, the American Academy of Ophthalmology, the European Association for Vision and Eye Research, the Asia-Pacific Academy of Ophthalmology, and the 2009 European Society of Ophthalmology meeting. The PubMed (MEDLINE) database was searched to identify matching journal articles. Data collection included: topic, geographic origin, presentation type, publication status, and impact factor. A multivariate logistic regression model was used to assess odds of publication and impact factor.

Results:

Our analysis included 1742 research abstracts. The overall 2- and 5-year publication rates were 33.3% (n = 579) and 47.2% (n = 823), respectively. The highest publication rates were found for Association for Research in Vision and Ophthalmology (36.1% and 51.9%, p < 0.0001), paper presentations (44.5% and 60.5%, p < 0.0001), researches from Oceania (35.8% and 57.1%, p < 0.05) and North America (36.2% and 50.5%, p < 0.05), and Basic science studies (44% and 60.3%, p < 0.01). After adjustments, higher odds of publication were shown by the Association for Research in Vision and Ophthalmology and the American Academy of Ophthalmology meetings (p < 0.0001), papers (p < 0.0001), and Basic science (p < 0.05). The median impact factor was 3.20 (interquartile range = 1.90–3.40).

Conclusion:

Less than half of abstracts presented at the major ophthalmology meetings reach publication within 5 years of their initial presentation. Professionals attending meetings may consider adopting a more critical approach to the preliminary results reported in presented abstracts. Increasing publication rates and reducing potential publication bias is of interest.
Optical coherence tomography angiography in myopic choroidal neovascularization after intravitreal ranibizumab
Authors: Cennamo Gilda , Amoroso Francesca , Schiemer Stefano , Velotti Nunzio , Alfieri Mariacristina , de Crecchio Giuseppe
Published: July 2018

Purpose:

To describe the optical coherence tomography angiography characteristics of myopic patients with choroidal neovascularization secondary to pathologic myopia during ranibizumab therapy.

Methods:

Nineteen patients were enrolled in this prospective study (13 females, 6 males, mean age 55.25 ± 9.63 years) for a total of 20 eyes examined (14 right eyes, 6 left eyes). Images were analyzed independently by two examiners.

Results:

Mean follow-up was 5.75 ± 1.88 months, with a mean intravitreal injections of 1.90 ± 0.44. Mean best-corrected visual acuity at baseline was 0.39 ± 0.18 logMAR versus 0.26 ± 0.16 logMAR 6 months after treatment. The neovascular area (Z = –2.091, p = 0.037) was significantly reduced after treatment, whereas vessel density was not (Z = –1.848, p = 0.065). Moreover, the best-corrected visual acuity was increased (Z = –3.055, p = 0.002). Neovascular area was significantly correlated with best-corrected visual acuity, at both baseline and follow-up (p < 0.05).

Conclusion:

Our data suggest that optical coherence tomography angiography is a reproducible non-invasive examination with which to monitor changes in the neovascular area in patients with pathologic myopia treated with ranibizumab.
Becoming a physical education teacher during formalised school placement: A rollercoaster of emotions
Authors: Alves Margarida , MacPhail Ann , Queirós Paula , Batista Paula
Published: July 2018

Since becoming a teacher is a highly emotional path, it is fundamental to understand teachers’ emotional journeys while constructing their teacher professional identity. An ethnographic approach was employed to examine how the emotions experienced by physical education preservice teachers during formalised school placement contributed to the construction of their teacher professional identity. Data were collected throughout a ten-month school placement (i.e. an academic school year) and included researcher observations, researcher field notes, and semi-structured interviews with preservice teachers and their cooperating teacher. A thematic analysis was used in a process of constant comparison. Emotions were labelled using Zembylas’ three main categories: ideology; school culture; and power relations. A fourth category labelled physical education culture was created through an inductive thematic analysis to capture emotions deemed to align specifically to the teaching of physical education. With respect to ideology, preservice teachers alluded to positive emotions such as care for students, a sense of accomplishment and happiness. Challenging emotions included insecurity/anxiety, disappointment and anger/frustration. Related to school culture, while preservice teachers expressed a sense of belonging they also reported feeling powerless with respect to particular rules enforced by the school. Related to power relations, while preservice teachers were thankful for having a school structure guiding them they, at times, regretted the limited opportunity that such structure allowed them in cultivating agency. Becoming a physical education teacher triggered specific emotions such as practising safety within the gymnasium and a rise in confidence when recognised as a physical education teacher by other physical education teachers.
Non-strategic ignorance: Considering the potential for a paradigm shift in evidence-based mental health
Authors: McPherson Susan , Rost Felicitas , Sidhu Sukhjit , Dennis Maxine
Published: July 2018

Randomised controlled trials form a central building block within the prevailing evidence-based mental health paradigm. Both methodology and paradigm have been widely problematised since their emergence in the mid-late twentieth century. We draw on the concept of ‘strategic ignorance’ to understand why the paradigm still prevails. We present focus group data gathered from 37 participants (service users, public, carers, general practitioners, commissioners) concerning the way they made sense of a randomised controlled trial of psychotherapy for treatment-resistant depression. Thematic analysis of the findings revealed an overall critique of randomised controlled trial methods which we refer to as ‘non-strategic ignorance’. Specifically, participants problematised the construct of depression, unseating the premise of the randomised controlled trial; they were sceptical about the purpose and highlighted its failure to show how therapy works or who might benefit; the randomised controlled trial was seen as inadequate for informing decisions about how to select a therapy. Participants assumed the treatment would be cost-effective given the client group and nature of the therapy, irrespective of any randomised controlled trial findings. Each area of lay (‘non-strategic’) critique has an analogous form within the methodological expert domain. We argue that ‘expert’ critiques have generally failed to have paradigmatic impact because they represent strategic ignorance. Yet parallel non-strategic critiques have common sense appeal, highlighting the potential power of lay voices. The discussion considers whether the evidence-based mental health paradigm is faced with epistemological problems of such complexity that the conditions exist for a new paradigm in which service user views are central and randomised controlled trials peripheral.
Influence of Community-Level Cultural Beliefs about Autism on Families’ and Professionals’ Care for Children
Authors: Kang-Yi Christina D. , Grinker Roy Richard , Beidas Rinad , Agha Aneeza , Russell Rachel , Shah Sandeep B. , Shea Kathleen , Mandell David S.
Published: July 2018

This qualitative study aimed to understand how community-level cultural beliefs affect families’ and professionals’ care for children with autism and developmental delays in immigrant communities, as a first step towards promoting early identification and access to early intervention services. The study was part of the larger New York City (NYC) Korean Community Autism Project, which was designed to identify strategies to increase awareness of autism and reduce delays in treatment seeking within the NYC Korean-American community. Our study elicited early childcare workers’ and church leaders’ beliefs about autism and developmental disorders and, in particular, early intervention. We also elicited responses to newly developed outreach materials targeting this community. An inductive approach was used to identify concepts and categories associated with autism. Our study confirmed that discomfort, stigma and discrimination are the prevailing community attitudes toward autism and developmental disorders in the Korean-American community. Families’ and professionals’ understanding of autism and their care for children are affected by these community beliefs. Approaching immigrant communities with general information about child development and education rather than directly talking about autism and developmental disorders is likely to engage more families and professionals in need for diagnostic evaluation and early intervention for autism.
Pseudoaneurysm in the Uterus
Authors: Spitz Breanna , Fox Traci B.
Published: July 2018

A 24-year-old woman came into the emergency room (ER) with complaints of significant vaginal bleeding. The patient recently had undergone a dilation and curettage (D&C), performed after early pregnancy loss. She had one pregnancy and no deliveries (G1P0010). The doctor ordered a pelvic and transvaginal ultrasound to look for a potential cause of the bleeding. The examinations revealed the patient’s uterus to contain a pseudoaneurysm (Figures 1 and 2).
Does Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation Have an Added Value to Clinical Assessment in Predicting Upper-Limb Function Very Early After Severe Stroke?
Authors: Hoonhorst Maurits H. J. , Nijland Rinske H. M. , van den Berg Peter J. S. , Emmelot Cornelis H. , Kollen Boudewijn J. , Kwakkel Gert
Published: July 2018

Background. The added prognostic value of transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS)-induced motor-evoked potentials (MEPs) to clinical modeling for the upper limb is still unknown early poststroke. Objective. To determine the added prognostic value of TMS of the adductor digiti minimi (TMS-ADM) to the clinical model based on voluntary shoulder abduction (SA) and finger extension (FE) during the first 48 hours and at 11 days after stroke. Methods. This was a prospective cohort study with 3 logistic regression models, developed to predict upper-limb function at 6 months poststroke. The first model showed the predictive value of SA and FE measured within 48 hours and at 11 days poststroke. The second model included TMS-ADM, whereas the third model combined clinical and TMS-ADM information. Differences between derived models were tested with receiver operating characteristic curve analyses. Results. A total of 51 patients with severe, first-ever ischemic stroke were included. Within 48 hours, no significant added value of TMS-ADM to clinical modeling was found ( P = .369). Both models suffered from a relatively low negative predictive value within 48 hours poststroke. TMS-ADM combined with SA and FE (SAFE) showed significantly more accuracy than TMS-ADM alone at 11 days poststroke ( P = .039). Conclusion. TMS-ADM showed no added value to clinical modeling when measured within first 48 hours poststroke, whereas optimal prediction is achieved by SAFE combined with TMS-ADM at 11 days poststroke. Our findings suggest that accuracy of predicting upper-limb motor function by TMS-ADM is mainly determined by the time of assessment early after stroke onset.
Early reappearance of disappeared ruptured small aneurysm with concomitant vertebral artery dissection
Authors: Enesi Eugen , Rroji Arben , Bilaj Fatmir , Reka Eni , Ndroqi Adrian , Xhumari Artur , Lilamani Ejona , Petrela Mentor
Published: July 2018

Thrombosis of a previously ruptured intracranial aneurysm is a frequent event and it most commonly occurs in large or giant aneurysms. We present a dynamic short-term follow-up and management of thrombosis in a ruptured small posterior inferior cerebellar artery aneurysm with concomitant vertebral artery dissection (VAD). Clinical and radiological follow-up findings and reviewed literature on thrombosis of small ruptured aneurysms are the focus of this presentation. Early reappearance of a disappeared ruptured small cerebral aneurysm with a concomitant VAD may be attributed to the controlled ovarian hyperstimulation phase of in vitro fertilization and prolonged use of oral contraceptive pills.
Using step counters to promote physical activity and exercise capacity in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease: a meta-analysis
Authors: Qiu Shanhu , Cai Xue , Wang Xuyi , He Can , Zügel Martina , Steinacker Jürgen Michael , Schumann Uwe
Published: July 2018

Background:

Although step counters are popularly employed for physical rehabilitation in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) patients, their effectiveness is inconsistent and even questioned. This meta-analysis aimed to investigate whether step counter use increases physical activity or improves exercise capacity in COPD patients.

Methods:

Electronic databases were searched for randomized controlled trials that assessed the efficacy of step counter use in increasing physical activity or in improving exercise capacity. Data were aggregated using a random-effects model to get the overall effect sizes [standard mean difference (SMD) with 95% confidence interval (CI)], and subgroup analyses were performed.

Results:

A total of 15 trials enrolling 1316 patients with moderate to severe COPD were included. Step counter use increased physical activity compared with controls (SMD = 0.57, 95% CI 0.31–0.84), which is equal to a magnitude of 1026 steps/day in daily steps. It also enhanced exercise capacity with an effect size of 0.30 (95% CI 0.16–0.45), approximating to a magnitude of 11.6 m in the 6-min walking distance. Step counter use could augment physical activity (SMD = 0.64, 95% CI 0.19–1.08) and exercise capacity (SMD = 0.32, 95% CI 0.01–0.62) for patients receiving pulmonary rehabilitation. Yet it cannot enhance physical activity or exercise capacity in patients with severe COPD or among studies with intervention durations ⩾6 months (both p > 0.50).

Conclusions:

Step counter use increases physical activity and improves exercise capacity in COPD patients, at least in the short term, which supports the notion of recommending step counter use in COPD management.
Preoperative Mental Health Has a Stronger Association with Baseline Self-Assessed Knee Scores than Defect Morphology in Patients Undergoing Cartilage Repair
Authors: Ackermann Jakob , Ogura Takahiro , Duerr Robert A. , Barbieri Mestriner Alexandre , Gomoll Andreas H.
Published: July 2018

Objective

The purpose of this study was to assess potential correlations between the mental component summary of the Short Form–12 (SF-12 MCS), patient characteristics or lesion morphology, and preoperative self-assessed pain and function scores in patients undergoing autologous chondrocyte implantation (ACI).

Design

A total of 290 patients underwent ACI for symptomatic cartilage lesions in the knee. One hundred and seventy-eight patients were included in this study as they completed preoperative SF-12, Knee injury and Osteoarthritis Outcome Score (KOOS), Tegner, Lysholm, and International Knee Documentation Committee (IKDC) scores. Age, sex, smoker status, body mass index, Worker’s Compensation, previous surgeries, concomitant surgeries, number of defects, lesion location in the patella, and total defect size were recorded for each patient. Pearson’s correlation and multivariate regression models were used to distinguish associations between these factors and preoperative knee scores.

Results

The SF-12 MCS showed the strongest bivariate correlation with all KOOS subgroups ( P < 0.001) (except KOOS Symptom; P = 0.557), Tegner ( P = 0.005), Lysholm ( P < 0.001), and IKDC scores ( P < 0.001). In the multivariate regression models, the SF-12 MCS showed the strongest association with all KOOS subgroups ( P < 0.001) (except KOOS Symptom; P = 0.91), Lysholm ( P = 0.001), Tegner ( P = 0.017), and IKDC ( P < 0.001).

Conclusion

In patients with symptomatic cartilage defects of the knee, preoperative patient mental health has a strong association with self-assessed pain and functional knee scores. Further studies are needed to determine if preoperative mental health management can improve preoperative symptoms and postoperative outcomes.
EUROVISCO Guidelines for the Design and Conduct of Clinical Trials Assessing the Disease-Modifying Effect of Knee Viscosupplementation
Authors: Henrotin Yves , Chevalier Xavier , Raman Raghu , Richette Pascal , Montfort Jordi , Jerosch Jörg , Baron Dominique , Bard Hervé , Carrillon Yannick , Migliore Alberto , Conrozier Thierry
Published: July 2018

Objectives

Hyaluronic acid viscosupplementation is a commonly used intra-articular treatment for osteoarthritis (OA). Some recent preclinical and clinical trials have demonstrated a potential for its disease-modifying effects. The goal of this expert opinion, consensus-driven exercise is to provide guidelines for the design and conduct of clinical trials assessing the disease-modifying effect of viscosupplementation in the knee.

Methods

The EUROVISCO group constitutes 10 members who had expertise in clinical research methodology in the field of OA and viscosupplementation. They initially drafted issues through an iterative process and had to vote on their degree of agreement on these recommendations. The scores were pooled to generate a median agreement score for each recommendation.

Results

The document includes 31 recommendations regarding study population, imaging, clinical and biological assessment of disease-modifying effects of viscosupplementation. Agreements were reached on some recommendations. In particular, the experts reached unanimous agreement on double-blind study design, imaging primary outcomes, time interval between 2 radiographs, x-ray procedure standardization, and the combined use of imaging and biological markers. The group did not recommend the use of ultrasonography, computed tomography (CT) scan and CT arthrography as a tool for OA diagnosis or to assess progression over time.

Conclusion

In summary, the working group identified 31 recommendations that represent the current best practices regarding clinical trials that target the assessment of viscosupplementation disease-modifying effects in patients with knee OA. These recommendations integrate new imaging technologies and soluble biomarkers.
Osteoblast response to disordered nanotopography
Authors: Allan Christopher , Ker Andrew , Smith Carol-Anne , Tsimbouri Penelope M , Borsoi Juliana , O’Neill Stewart , Gadegaard Nikolaj , Dalby Matthew J , Dominic Meek RM
Published: July 2018

The ability to influence stem cell differentiation is highly desirable as it would help us improve clinical outcomes for patients in various aspects. Many different techniques to achieve this have previously been investigated. This concise study, however, has focused on the topography on which cells grow. Current uncemented orthopaedic implants can fail if the implant fails to bind to the surrounding bone and, typically, forms a soft tissue interface which reduces direct bone contact. Here, we look at the effect of a previously reported nanotopography that utilises nanodisorder to influence mesenchymal stromal cell (as may be found in the bone marrow) differentiation towards bone and to also exert this effect on mature osteoblasts (as may be found in the bone). As topography is a physical technique, it can be envisaged for use in a range of materials such as polymers and metals used in the manufacture of orthopaedic implants.
Considerations for total thyroidectomy in an adolescent with PTEN mutation
Authors: Tosur Mustafa , Brandt Mary L. , Athanassaki Ioanna D. , Rednam Surya P.
Published: July 2018

Individuals with PTEN Hamartoma Tumor Syndrome (PHTS) are at greatly increased risk for developing well-differentiated thyroid cancer. Specific circumstances in which total thyroidectomies should be considered have not been defined. A 14-year-old macrocephalic female with history of developmental delay and lipoma over her left flank presented with neck swelling and was found have multinodular goiter and auto-immune thyroiditis. Asymptomatic tracheal narrowing was also detected on her initial diagnostic imaging. Later on, she developed positional dyspnea during sleep. Genetic testing revealed a heterozygous pathogenic variant in the PTEN gene (c.463T>A). A total thyroidectomy was performed. In addition to addressing the symptomology in our case, a total thyroidectomy also fortuitously eliminated the thyroid cancer risk. This case spurred us on further to identify specific clinical scenarios where total thyroidectomy may be considered as a true prophylactic measure to manage thyroid cancer risk in PHTS patients.
Studying theology: Between exploration and commitment-Researching spiritual development of higher education students of theology
Authors: Erwich René
Published: July 2018

This article presents the results of research in the area of spiritual development of students of theology as part of their more general personal and professional life. Based on the qualitative analysis of written spiritual autobiographies, patterns and characteristics were discovered and are presented here. After presenting the outcome of the project, results are connected to a major theoretical perspective of Marcia’s (1966) identity statuses and its revisions. Finally, it is contended that theological curricula should invest more in spiritual guidance and formation of students, and some suggestions are given in order to achieve this goal.
New World Information and Communication Order and BRICS: Legacies and relevance
Authors: Bharthur Sanjay
Published: July 2018

The role of information and communication in establishing and defining world order formed the basis of a comprehensive call for the New World Information and Communication Order. Many strategic and regional blocs of nations and economic forums have been formed over time. BRICS has made a relatively new attempt in the coming together of several politically, economically and culturally diverse countries. Their summits reflect their intention to work together. By positioning the media system, this brief article looks at the patterns of evolution since New World Information and Communication Order and the comparable aspects of media in these countries. China and India, apart from their membership in BRICS also have historical ties, issues and concerns. Connectivity, as intended in the Belt and Road Initiative, is in a bilateral sense a matter of diplomacy and negotiation. An attempt has been made to contextualise this issue as well.
Comprehensive Review of Nutrition Components for Occupational Health Nurses—Part 2
Authors: Chikotas Noreen , Toothaker Rebecca
Published: July 2018

This article, the second in a two-part series, reviews and examines the components of clinical nutrition. In Part 2, the authors discuss nutritional components of fats, proteins, vitamins, minerals, and water. A resource guide is provided for the occupational health nurse to assist in the implementation of employee education in the area of healthy nutrition. The intent of the articles is to acquaint and inform the occupational health nurse on the current guidelines for healthy eating so she or he can better appraise their employee population, thus creating a healthier workforce. The information provided is not all-inclusive on the topics discussed but it provides a foundation for a better understanding of the requirements for healthy eating.
Achieving Health Equity in Asian Populations
Authors: Dong XinQi
Published: July 2018

Research about Asian Americans and Asian health equity issues have significant gaps, in part, due to lack of funding and support for minority investigators and examinations of health in this population. This special issue is designed to further our understanding of Asian health equity, especially within the context of global Chinese populations to examine how sociocultural contexts impact aging and health. Through the findings reported in this special issue, we call for increased funding and support to minority research scholars to conduct research toward improving Asian health equity, with an emphasis on nuanced cultural contexts of this population.
Potassic-magnesio-arfvedsonite, KNa2(MgFe2+Fe3+)5Si8O22(OH)2: mineral description and crystal chemistry
Authors: Dyulgerov Momchil , Oberti Roberta , Platevoet Bernard , Kadiyski Milen , Rusanov Ventzislav
Published: July 2018

The complete mineral description of potassic-magnesio-arfvedsonite, a recently approved (IMA2016-083) new species of the amphibole supergroup is provided using electron microprobe analysis (EMPA), laser ablation inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry, single-crystal structure refinement, Mössbauer and Raman spectroscopy, as well as measurement of optical and physical properties. The holotype material was found in syenitic and granitic dyke rocks in association with quartz, potassium feldspar and aegirine–augite from the Buhovo–Seslavtsi pluton, Bulgaria. Potassic-magnesio-arfvedsonite is monoclinic C2/m, with unit-cell parameters: a = 9.9804(11), b = 18.0127(19), c = 5.2971(6) Å, β = 104.341(2)° and V = 922.61 Å3. In transmitted plane-polarised light (λ = 590 cm–1), potassic-magnesio-arfvedsonite is pleochroic: X = yellow pale-green, Y = green and Z = dark-violet brown. It is biaxial (–), α = 1.645(2), β = 1.655(2), γ = 1.660(2) and 2Vmeas. = 60° and 2Vcalc. = 70°. The empirical unit formula obtained from EMPA and structure refinement is A(K0.86Na0.0.08)0.94B(Na1.74Ca0.25 Mn2+0.01)2.00C(Mg2.67Fe2+1.42Fe3+0.76Ti0.12Mn2+0.03)5.00TSi8O22W(OH1.58F0.22O0.20)2.00. The Fe3+/Fetot ratio (0.35) is consistent with both the Mössbauer spectra and the single-crystal structure refinement. The 10 strongest X-ray powder reflections [d values (in A°), I, (hkl)] are: 8.519, 80.5, (110); 3.402, 67.3, (131); 3.295, 41.0, (240); 3.173, 65.0, (310); 2.752, 35.6, ($\bar{3}$31); 2.715, 100.0 (151); 2.591, 44.1, (061); 2.542, 73.2, ($\bar{2}$02); 2.348, 38.5, ($\bar{3}$51); 2.174, 42.0, (261). Potassic-magnesio-arfvedsonite is the product of strongly peralkaline and potassic (perpotassic) magma compositions. Trace-element analysis shows that this amphibole did not exert significant control on trace-element distribution in the crystallising peralkaline magma.
An in situ study of the phase transitions among CaCO3 high-pressure polymorphs
Authors: Yuan Xueyin , Gao Chao , Gao Jing
Published: July 2018

The phase transitions involving calcite (CaCO3-I), CaCO3-II, CaCO3-III and CaCO3-IIIb were investigated using a diamond anvil cell and micro-Raman spectroscopy. Based on the results obtained fromin situobservations and Raman measurements made with six natural calcite crystals, the phase transition from calcite to CaCO3-II took place between 1.56 and 1.67 GPa under ambient temperature. Under a precise pressure of 1.97 ± 0.03 GPa, three CaCO3samples were observed to transform from CaCO3-II directly to CaCO3-III, while in the other three samples both CaCO3-III and CaCO3-IIIb crystal structures were detected. Transformation from CaCO3-IIIb to CaCO3-III was completed in a short period in one sample, whereas in the other two samples coexistence of CaCO3-III and CaCO3-IIIb was observed over a wide pressure range from 1.97 to 3.38 GPa, with sluggish transformation from CaCO3-IIIb to CaCO3-III being observed after the samples were preserved under 3.38 GPa for 72 h. Hence, it can be concluded that CaCO3-IIIb is a metastable intermediate phase occurring during the reconstructive transformation from CaCO3-II to CaCO3-III. Splitting of the C–O in-plane bending (ν4) and symmetric stretching (ν1) vibrations and appearance of new lattice vibrations in the Raman spectra of CaCO3-III and CaCO3-IIIb suggest a lowering in crystal symmetry during the transformation from CaCO3-II through CaCO3-IIIb to CaCO3-III, which is in good agreement with the observed sequence of phase symmetries.
The Erector Spinae Plane Block Provides Complete Surgical Anesthesia in Breast Surgery: A Case Report
Authors: Kimachi Pedro Paulo , Martins Elaine Gomes , Peng Philip , Forero Mauricio
Published: July 2018

We described the first ultrasound-guided erector spinae plane block that provided complete surgical anesthesia for a right-sided mastectomy and axillary dissection in a patient with high cardiovascular risk. The block targeted at T5, and 20 mL of 0.5% ropivacaine with epinephrine 1:200,000 and dexamethasone 8 mg was administered. Complete anesthesia was accomplished in 20 minutes, and the patient received propofol infusion for sedation. The patient reported no pain and remained hemodynamically stable throughout the 2.5-hour procedure. At the end of the surgery, patient received morphine 2 mg and dipyrone 2 g intravenously, and demanded no analgesic until 24 hours after the procedure.
Eisenmenger Syndrome in Pregnancy: When Is It Time for ECMO?: A Case Report
Authors: Meng Marie-Louise , Fu Annie , Westhoff Carolyn , Bacchetta Matthew , Rosenzweig Erika B. , Landau Ruth , Smiley Richard
Published: July 2018

We report the case of a 21-year-old primiparous woman at 22 weeks gestation who presented with a large uncorrected ventricular septal defect, severe pulmonary hypertension, and Eisenmenger syndrome. The patient elected for termination of pregnancy, which was performed under regional anesthesia. Hemodynamic changes apparently associated with uterine contraction immediately after termination resulted in increased right to left shunting across the ventricular septal defect requiring urgent venovenous extracorporeal membrane oxygenation. Thrombocytopenia and systemic anticoagulation for extracorporeal membrane oxygenation presented a challenge for removal of the epidural catheter. Pulmonary hypertension was managed and she was discharged on postoperative day 35.
Centrioles without microtubules - a new morphological type of centriole
Authors: Uzbekov Rustem , Garanina Anastasiia , Bressac Christophe
Published: July 2018

The centrosome is the organizing center of microtubules in the cell, the basis for the origin of cilia and flagella and a site for the concentration of a regulatory proteins multitude. The centrosome comprises two centrioles surrounded by pericentriolar material. Centrioles in the cells of different organisms can contain nine triplets, doublets or singlets of microtubules. Here, we show that in somatic cells of male wasp larvae Anisopteromalus calandrae, centrioles do not contain microtubules and are composed of nine electron-dense prongs, which together form a cogwheel structure. These microtubule-free centrioles can be the platform for procentriole formation and form microtubule-free cilia-like structures. In nymph and imago cells centrioles have microtubule triplet structure. Our study describes how centriole structure differs in a development stage- dependent and a cell type-dependent manner. The discovery of a centriole without microtubules casts a new light on centriole formation process and the evolution of this organelle.
District nurses must guard against inappropriately accessing patient records
Authors: Griffith Richard
Published: July 2018

Two NHS workers were recently disciplined after inappropriately accessing the records of the singer Ed Sheeran who had required treatment for a fractured wrist and elbow after falling from his bicycle ( Embury-Dennis 2018 ). The increasingly common use of electronic records across the NHS now allows nurses, including district nurses, to access a large archive of patient information that was much more difficult to obtain when records were manually held paper records. There have been several instances where curiosity and, occasionally, more malicious reasons have led district nurses and others to access those records and read the notes of high profile patients or persons known to them.

In this article Richard Griffith cautions that district nurses who access and read the record of a person who is not in their care is in breach of both their duty of confidence and the requirements of the General Data Protection Regulation (Regulation 2016/679 EU ).
Asthma in pregnancy: Physiology, management and recommendations for midwives
Authors: Hindley Carol
Published: July 2018

Asthma in pregnancy is a common respiratory co-morbidity, but if this serious condition is not addressed appropriately, acute exacerbations may contribute to maternal mortality and morbidity. Indeed, any acute episode of asthma can quickly become life-threatening, and midwives should be aware of the need for urgent referral. The importance of effectively managing asthma in pregnancy includes the immediate detection of a worsening condition, along with immediate referral to a physician in order to minimise the complications associated with acute exacerbations. In order to minimise poor outcomes for women, midwives should be aware of evidence-based practice guidelines for managing asthma and to avoid complacency, midwives must be aware of the most recent report, Why Asthma Still Kills. Furthermore, as part of their scope of practice, midwives should ensure that all women have access to personalised asthma action plans, and should work across the multidisciplinary team to promote smoking cessation, infection control and vaccination against influenza. Importantly, midwives should assess compliance with women's prescribed short- and long-acting asthma medication.
Recreational exercise during pregnancy: Attitudes and beliefs of midwives and physiotherapists
Authors: Crampton Jennifer S , O'Brien Su , Heathcote Kathryn
Published: July 2018

Background

There is compelling evidence for the benefits of exercise during pregnancy for both the mother and fetus.

Aim

To investigate the attitudes and beliefs of physiotherapists and midwives in the North of England regarding the provision of recreational exercise during pregnancy and to identify the sources of information used to influence this.

Method

This study used an observational cross-sectional design. A questionnaire was divided into three sections: demographic information, attitudes and beliefs about recreational exercise, and sources of information. The questionnaire was distributed to a convenience sample of 152 physiotherapists and 168 midwives in the North of England. Descriptive statistics and frequency tables were calculated.

Findings

The majority of the findings were positive in relation to attitudes and beliefs about recreational exercise during pregnancy among healthcare practitioners.

Conclusion

It is clear from this study that continuing professional development is required to update some healthcare professionals' knowledge base.
‘No offence, it's just that research is boring’: The trials and tribulations of the midwifery research educator
Authors: Corr Alison
Published: July 2018

Research has not always been a focal point of midwifery work and education; however, since the 1980s, evidence-based practice and research have become the norm. Ensuring that new generations of midwives have an understanding of the research process; an ability to critique it; and a view that research is attainable and necessary to midwifery, is a crucial role of the midwife educator. This article will discuss how the relationship between research and midwifery developed, and how research is now an established part of midwifery undergraduate programmes. It will also suggest meaningful ways of challenging negative attitudes and engaging student midwives to learn about research. The aim is to prepare students for practice by ensuring that the reasoning behind their clinical skills is understood, evaluated and safe, thereby enhancing the care of women and their families and shaping the future of midwifery.
Vaccines and the fetus
Authors: Winter George F
Published: July 2018

After the abortion referendum in Ireland, ethical debates on the treatment of fetal material loom on the horizon. George Winter weighs the influence of the Church against the medical advances
Coercion or consent?
Authors: Golden Paul
Published: July 2018

All patients have the right to consent to, or refuse, treatment, but this can present ethical dilemmas when pitted against medical expertise. Paul Golden examine the legal implications for midwives
Transition
Authors: Cole Charlene
Published: July 2018

Change is inevitable as student midwives work towards qualification—but this does not mean it is not daunting. Charlene Cole explores the theme of ‘transition’ in the life of a student
Prevalence of self-reported side effects in neuroendocrine tumour patients prescribed somatostatin analogues
Authors: Whyand Tara , Bouvier Catherine , Davies Philippa
Published: July 2018

Somatostatin analogues (SSA) are a common treatment for some forms of neuroendocrine tumours (NETs). Patients report a variety of side effects after starting these drugs, so in most cases they require a lot of nutritional input. The authors used an online survey to invite responses from patients worldwide to determine the extent of reported side effects. Patients were asked which SSA they were taking and how they rated the severity of their side effects. They were provided with a list of 11 options to choose from, but not given any guidance or a definition of terms. The most commonly reported side effect was constipation (85%), with 8.6% of these respondents rating its severity as 10/10. The survey found that many self-reported side effects from the use of SSAs were experienced more frequently than previous clinical studies or the patient information leaflets reported. As this was an online survey, so the findings are limited in that first, this was a self-selected sample of patients and second, patients were able to respond more than once.
Small Animal Review
Authors: Tennant Bryn
Published: July 2018

Introduction:

Productive feline papilloma virus infection is a cause of squamous cell carcinoma in UV-protected sites.
Approach to feline lower urinary tract disease
Authors: Black Vicki
Published: July 2018

Feline lower urinary tract disease (FLUTD) is an umbrella term used to describe the spectrum of disorders affecting the urinary bladder or urethra of the cat, including feline idiopathic cystitis (FIC), urethral obstruction, bacterial cystitis, neoplasia and anatomical defects. Indoor, overweight, neutered, middle-aged cats on an exclusively dry diet with a stressful environment including a multi-cat household would be at particularly increased risk of developing FLUTD, in particular FIC and urethral obstruction. This article discusses the aetiology of and approaches to FLUTD with an emphasis on evidence-based medicine.
Applying for that dream post
Authors: Johnstone Robyn
Published: July 2018

Two crucial elements when applying for a teaching post are the quality of your CV/personal statement, as well as how you perform in the interview lesson. Robyn Johnstone offers some advice…
The influence of the smartphone: Part 5
Authors: Thornton Stephanie
Published: July 2018

Smartphones are changing the cultural influences on children's development. In part five of her six-part series, Dr Stephanie Thornton considers the links between smartphone use and anti-social behaviour
How to survive and thrive as a new teacher
Authors: Stanley Julian
Published: July 2018

As your NQT year comes to an end, Julian Stanley offers some advice on workload, behaviour and what you can expect when September comes…
Minimally invasive reduction and percutaneous fixation versus open reduction and internal fixation for displaced intra-articular calcaneal fractures
Authors: Majeed Haroon , Barrie James , Munro Wendy , McBride Donald
Published: July 2018

The aim of this article is to systematically identify and analyse research evidence available to compare the outcomes of minimally invasive reduction and percutaneous fixation (MIRPF) versus open reduction and internal fixation (ORIF) for displaced intra-articular calcaneal fractures. Articles from 2000 to 2016 were searched through MEDLINE (PubMed), Cochrane Library, Embase, ScienceDirect, Scopus and ISI Web of Knowledge using Boolean logic and text words. Of the 570 articles identified initially, nine were selected including three randomized controlled trials and six retrospective comparative studies. All nine studies had a total of 1031 patients with 1102 displaced intra-articular calcaneal fractures. Mean follow-up was 33 months. Of these, 602 (54.6%) were treated with MIRPF and 500 (45.4%) were treated with ORIF. Overall incidence of wound-related complications in patients treated with MIRPF was 4.3% (0% to 13%) compared with 21.2% (11.7% to 35%) in the ORIF group Functional outcomes were reported to be better in the minimally invasive group in all studies; however, the results did not reach statistical significance in some studies. All the studies had methodological flaws that put them at either ‘unclear’ or ‘high’ risk of bias for multiple domains. Overall quality of the available evidence is poor in support of either surgical technique due to small sample size, flaws in study designs and high risk of bias for various elements. Individual studies have reported minimally invasive techniques to be an effective alternative with lower risk of wound complications and better functional outcomes.

Cite this article: EFORT Open Rev 2018;3:418-425. DOI: 10.1302/2058-5241.3.170043
The Characteristics of Gas Exchange for Purge-type in a Controlled Atmosphere Storage System
Authors: Park Seok Ho , Park Cheon Wan , Kim Mi Na , Choi Seung Young , Choi Dong Soo , Kim Jin Se , Kim Yong Hun , Lee Su Jang
Published: July 2018

The O2 and CO2 concentrations in controlled atmosphere (CA) rooms are determined by the respiration of produce like apples and the airtightness of the CA room, with gas in the CA room controlled by O2 and CO2 removal as well as respiration (CO2 increase and O2 decrease). The purpose of this study was to evaluate the validity of the gas exchange model for O2 removal, CO2 removal, the rate of O2 decrease and CO2 increase by respiration of apples, and airtightness of the CA room. It took 17.5 hours to reduce O2 concentration from 20.9% tO 2.0% after loading 4.3 tons of Fuji apples into the CA room, which was 4.2 hours longer than the 13.3 hours of the model formula. After the CO2 concentration rose to 0.5% due to respiration, it took 4.7 hours to lower the CO2 concentration to 0.2%, which was 0.6 hours longer than that of the model equation. The rate of CO2 increase by respiration was 0.021%/h, which was similar to the model equation (0.017%/h). Also after 4.7 hours, the O2 concentration decreased by 0.1% which was also in line with the model equation (0.13%/h).