bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The Effect of Laughter Therapy on Sleep in Community-dwelling Elders with Sleep Disorders
Authors: Lee Yim Sun , Park Hyojung
Published: August 2021

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to examine the effect of laughter therapy on the quality and quantity of sleep in elders with sleep disorders.Methods: This was a quasi-experimental study using a non-equivalent control group pretest-posttest design with 59 participants and included elders with sleep disorders, The Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI) scores of five or more points were: 29 in the experiment group and 30 in the control group. The experimental group participated in laughter therapy sixteen times, twice a week for 50 min per session for 8 weeks.Results: The results showed that laughter therapy was effective according to the PSQI (F=86.13, p<.001), total sleep time (F=9.34, p<.001), sleep efficiency (F=45.34, p<.001), sleep onset latency in the experimental group x2=13.77, p=.001, and in the control group x2=11.95, p=.003), number of awakenings (F=31.21, p<.001), light sleep (F=5.09, p=.008), deep sleep (F=15.13, p<.001), and serum melatonin levels (Z=-3.90, p<.001). but rapid eye movement sleep time did not differ significantly between the groups.Conclusion: The results of the study indicate that laughter therapy may be an effective nursing intervention to improve quantity and quality of sleep in community-dwelling elderly.
Development and Effects of a Mechanical Ventilation Education Program with Blended Learning for Nursing Students
Authors: Yeom Gye Jeong , Yang Jeongha , Kim Jihyun , Kim Hyun Sook
Published: August 2021

Purpose: This study describes the development and implementation of a mechanical ventilation education program with a blended learning method for nursing students.Methods: Sixty-five nursing students were recruited either to the experimental group (n=33) or to the control group (n=32) in May 2020. This program was developed based on the analysis, design, development, implementation, and evaluation model. The analysis phase consisted of a literature review, expert consultations, and target group survey. In addition, learning objectives and a structure were designed, and an online program was developed. In the implementation phase, the program was conducted over the course of 2 weeks. The evaluation phase involved verification of the effects of the program on knowledge of mechanical ventilation, self-confidence, and ventilator nursing skills performance, as well as an assessment of satisfaction with the program.Results: The experimental group had significantly higher scores on knowledge of mechanical ventilation (t=4.29, p<.001), self-confidence (t=2.31, p=.024), and ventilator nursing skills performance (t=4.65, p<.001) than the control group.Conclusion: The results indicate that this mechanical ventilation education program with blended learning was effective in meeting the needs of nursing students and can be widely used in this context.
Balotaje y elecciones primarias en Uruguay: un estudio desde la difusión de ideas y el marco de corrientes múltiples
Authors: García Ortíz Esteban
Published: August 2021

Responder por qué la reforma electoral que instaló el balotaje y la candidatura presidencial única por partido en Uruguay ocurrió en 1996 y no en otro momento es el objetivo central del artículo. Para ello se recurre a dos enfoques teóricos: primero, a través del proceso de difusión de ideas expondremos que en Latinoamérica se propagaron modificaciones institucionales similares por sistemas electorales y políticos diferentes; segundo, el marco de corrientes múltiples permitirá un análisis novedoso y bien específico sobre la reforma electoral uruguaya. En consecuencia, se argumentará que, más allá de los intereses racionales y cortoplacistas que tenían los impulsores de la reforma para aprobarla, existió un contexto regional y una ventana de oportunidad nacida en 1995 que ayudaron a procesarla.
Nociones técnicas de negociación y derecho colaborativo en conflictos de familia
Authors: Otárola Yasna
Published: August 2021

El artículo pretende responder a la pregunta sobre cuáles son los requerimientos prácticos que se necesitan cumplir para llevar adelante el cambio de paradigma que supone trabajar bajo los criterios del derecho colaborativo y dejar atrás el derecho controversial. Los conflictos de familia requieren considerar un sistema de resolución en que las partes, asistidas por abogados y otros profesionales, trabajen en la búsqueda consensuada de una solución integral del conflicto que satisfaga sus intereses y verdaderas necesidades. Esta necesidad motiva a estudiar este derecho desde el concepto hasta el diseño del proceso colaborativo, no sin antes ver las posibilidades de ejecutarlo. Todo lo anterior, con el objeto de darlo a conocer y propiciar su utilización por quienes se encuentran atravesando un conflicto familiar
La pregunta por el régimen político. Conversaciones chilenas. Arturo Fontaine, Fondo de Cultura Económica, 2021. 243 pp.
Authors: Martínez Nourdin Christopher
Published: August 2021

El proceso de cambio constitucional que vive Chile ha despertado nuevamente la discusión sobre qué forma de gobierno debiera adoptar el país: presidencialismo, semipresidencialismo o parlamentarismo. La pregunta por el régimen político invita a los lectores a revisar y cuestionar sus posiciones al respecto. Escrito de manera inteligente y ágil, en un estilo accesible tanto para el público interesado en política como para una audiencia más académica, el libro provee información y reflexiones esenciales sobre cada forma de gobierno, sus ventajas y problemas asociados.
Evaluating Primary Productivity Based on Chlorophyll-a in Ciburuy Lake, West Java Indonesia
Authors: Rusdiansyah Regy Pratama , Zahidah . , Supriadi Dedi , Hamdani Herman
Published: August 2021

Ciburuy Lake is the one of many natural lakes in Padalarang, West Java. Padalarang is industries area and pruduce huge waste water to contamination Ciburuy Lake. Ciburuy Lake area has many functions such as tourism, settlement, agriculture and industry. This study aim to evaluate velue of primary productivity based on chlrophyill-a. Chlorophyll-a is one of the indicator to creat management plan of water resources in Ciburuy Lake. This research was conducted from January to March 2021. Sampling carried out in 4 station with deferent water situation. This research used chlorophyll-a concentration measurment method to determine primary productivity. Result obtained in terms of water quality are: temperature  range of 24 - 28 oC; depth water range of 151,83 – 190,83 cm; Transparation range of 22,83 – 27,67 cm; pH range of 5,94 – 8,00; CO2 range of 6,98 – 33,52 mg/L; BOD range of 7,84 – 12,14 mg/L; nitrate range of 0,235 – 0,312 mg/L; fosfate range of 0,142 --0,156 mg/L, and chlorophyll-a concentration range of 0.024 - 0.065 mg/L . This research showed that Ciburuy Lake has water condition eutrophic to hypertrophic because primary productivity in Ciburuy Lake has middle to high condition based on chlorophyll-a concentration.
Survey Analysis of Ponds Aquaculture Development Trend in West Java Province
Authors: Nurmahendra Dhea Tiara , Suryana Asep Agus Handaka , Liviawaty Evi , Nurhayati Atikah
Published: August 2021

The fishery sector has a strategic role in national development. West Java is one of the areas with the highest fisheries sector because it has abundant fisheries resources and commodities, so that West Java Province is one of the aquaculture sectors in Indonesia. Ponds are a culture medium for freshwater fisheries that dominate most of the production in West Java Province. The purpose of this study is to analyze the development trend of ponds aquaculture competitiveness in the regency/city of West Java Province. The study was conducted in November 2020 – June 2021. The method used was a literature survey to determine the development trend of aquaculture in ponds in West Java Province. The data obtained in the form of primary data and secondary data were analyzed descriptively. Primary data in the form of expert opinions as many as 20 people consisting of nine lecturers from the Faculty of Fisheries and Marine Sciences, Padjadjaran University and 11 employees of the Department of Marine and Fisheries of West Java Province. Secondary data is in the form of aquaculture statistical data in ponds with the main indicators, namely human resources, facilities, facilities and infrastructure, production, and Science and Technology with time series data from 2004 – 2019 Department of Marine and Fisheries of West Java Province. The results showed that the trend of fisheries competitiveness in 2004 – 2019 illustrates that the movement of ponds aquaculture development in the regency/city of West Java Province is experiencing fluctuating changes, seen from the development of aquaculture production from year to year experiencing positive changes.
Effect of [N-(Phosphonomethl)-glycine] (Glyphosate) Herbicide on Soil Microbial Population
Authors: Isa Halima , Bashir Mohammed , Ibraheem Maryam , Marafa Aisha Mahmud
Published: August 2021

Aims: To determine the effect of [N-(phosphonomethl)-glycine] (glyphosate) herbicide on soil bacterial and fungal population.

Study Design:The effect glyphosate herbicide on soil microorganisms population on 2 different farm land was determined by Isolation of bacteria and fungi from untreated and Glyphosate herbicide treated soils using Nutrient agar and Potatoes dextrose agar (PDA) for the bacteria and fungi respectively. The number of bacteria and fungi present in both treated and untreated soil was then enumerated and the isolates determined.

Place and Duration of Study: The study is a cross sectional research and was conducted on two Farm lands located at Yola capital city of Adamawa state Nigeria wheresoil samples were collected and Microbiology laboratory of Modibbo Adama University Yola were the sample was processed and analyzed. The study was conducted from February to May of 2021.

Methodology: Bacteria and fungi were isolated from soil samples before and after treatment of the soils with N-(phosphonomethl)-glycine(Glyphosate) herbicide at different concentration, the bacteria and fungi populations isolated both before and after the treatment were compared.

Results: The study showed that Glyphosate herbicide caused reduction in the bacterial and fungal count from 3 days of treatment up to 15 days. The bacterial count reduced from 6.1x108cfu/g in the untreated soil to 1.6x108cfu/g on the treatment. Also the fungal count reduced from 1.0x108cfu/g in the untreated soil to 5.0x107cfu/g after 15days of soil treatment. Both the bacterial and fungal count continues to show a gradual decrease up to 15 days in the treated soil. However, several bacteria and fungi were isolated with Bacillus spp. and Micrococcus spp. having the bacteria with highest occurrence with 42(19.91%) and Aspergillusspp. as the fungi with the highest occurrence with 12(42.85%). Statistical analysis of the data obtained indicated that At 95% confidence level, there is a significant difference in the population of bacteria and fungi before and after the soil treatment P-value(T˃t)=.001

Conclusion: The study revealed that Glyphosate herbicide has a negative effect on soil bacteria and fungi population.
Application of Scalar Type Operators to Decomposability
Authors: Onyango Adicka Daniel
Published: August 2021

In this paper, we give some application of scalar type operators to Decomposibility. In particular, we show that if H is of (α, α + 1) type R and that it generates a strongly continuous group on a Banach space, then its resolvent is Decomposable hence scalar type.
An Update on Transfusion Related Immunomodulation (TRIM) in a Time of COVID- 19 Pandemic
Authors: Obeagu Emmanuel Ifeanyi , Babar Quratulain , Uduchi Immaculata Ogochukwu , Ibekwe Adaobi Maryann , Chijioke Udunma Olive , Okafor Chukwuma J. , Vincent C. C. N.
Published: August 2021

Recipients' immune systems are triggered by blood and blood component therapy. Transfusion-related immunomodulation (TRIM) is a complicated immunological response to transfusion that results in immunosuppression. The mechanisms of TRIM include the presence of residual white blood cells and apoptotic cells, the infusion of immunosuppressive cytokines that are present in donor components or that occur during blood processing, the transfer of metabolically active growth factor-loaded particles and extracellular vesicles, and the presence of hemoglobin or extracellular vesicles binds to hemoglobin. TRIM variables include donor-specific factors and processing variables. TRIM can explain, at least partially, the controversial negative clinical results observed in patients with covid19. Many potential treatment methods have been used in clinical practice, including supportive interventions, immunomodulators, antiviral therapy, and infusion of convalescent plasma. Here, we summarize current potential treatments for COVID-19 infection-related diseases and discuss the clinical value of blood transfusion-related technologies for COVID-19 treatment in blood transfusion-related immune regulation.
A Comparison of Force Decay between Coil Spring, Elastomeric Chain and Tie-backs in Various Alcohol Concentrations found in Mouth Rinse: An In-vitro Study
Authors: Fatima Asma , Konda Prasad , Fatima Asiya , Shaikh Hidayathulla , Zohra Butool , Fareeduddin Baba
Published: August 2021

Background: The ability to close space efficiently in Orthodontics is of major clinical importance. Elastomeric power chain, coil spring, and tiebacks are commonly used in Orthodontics to achieve tooth movement during the closure of spaces. Many mouth rinses which are used by the patients to achieve good oral hygiene affect the properties of the material used during treatment resulting in force decay if they contain alcohol.

Aim: To know the effect of mouth rinses containing different alcohol Concentrations on the force decay of retraction materials.

Materials and Methods: A study was carried out to test the effect of alcohol exposure found in mouth rinses on orthodontic NiTi closing coils, elastomeric chains, and tie-back. A total of 135 specimens were divided into one control group and two test groups submerged in artificial saliva at 37⁰ C. Two test groups each of them exposed to different alcohol-containing mouthwashes (Listerine and Povidone-iodine) for 60 seconds twice a day and the control group were exposed only to deionized (DI) water for 28 days. Force measurements were taken at six-time points (initial, 7 days, 14 days, 21 days, and 28 days) using a digital force gauge.

Results: The comparison between the tensile strength was made by digital force gauge and the p-value (≤ 0.05) for tensile strength was derived by ANOVA test, multiple comparisons, and Tukey’s correction. Significant force decay was seen in test groups when compared to the control group.

Conclusion: Force degradation of retraction products used during orthodontic treatment was effected by mouth rinses containing alcohol.
Assessment of Knowledge, Attitude and Practice Behaviors of Parents towards Care of Primary Dentition – A Cross Sectional Study
Authors: Khubchandani Monika M. , Thosar Nilima , Paul Priyanka , Dangore Suwarna , Mohod Swapnil
Published: August 2021

Aims: The present study was undertaken to assess the knowledge, attitude and practice behaviors of parents towards care of the primary dentition of children in Wardha city, India.

Study Design: Cross sectional study.

Place and Duration of the Study: Department of Pedodontics & Preventive Dentistry, Sharad Pawar Dental College & Hospital, Duration- One year

Methodology: A questionnaire based cross sectional study was conducted among parents of 3-7 year old children who visited the Department of Pedodontics & Preventive dentistry. The self-administered, close-ended questionnaire was adopted from oral health literature [Rwakatema et al 2009] and was modified based on researcher’s knowledge and experience of the issues under study. The first part of the questionnaire included the demographic details while the second part comprised of 25 items to test knowledge, attitude and practices of parents. Data was collected by a single investigator who distributed the questionnaire, allowed enough time to fill it and collected on the spot after they had completed.

Results: Majority of parents (69%) had good knowledge about importance of milk teeth. 87% of parents were aware that oral health affects the overall general health of child. However, Bedtime bottle-feeding and sharing of spoons with the child was reported by 54% and 77% of the study participants respectively.

Conclusions: The majority (57.9%) of the study population had good knowledge pertaining to oral health. However, their practices towards the oral health of children were not satisfactory. Therefore, there is a need to improve oral health care practices by conducting awareness programs for parents.
LITERASI DIGITAL DALAM MENINGKATKAN KEMAMPUAN WIRAUSAHA ONLINE PADA IBU-IBU KKPA (KOMITE KESEJAHTERAAN DAN PERLINDUNGAN ANAK) DUSUN JODOG DESA GILANGHARJO PANDAK KABUPATEN BANTUL
Authors: Sulistyowati Fadjarini , Agustina Fransiska K.
Published: August 2021

Internet users in Indonesia has been on the rise over the years. Unfortunately, this increase has not been accompanied with the increase of society’s knowledge in selecting and utilizing information. Therefore, digital literacy is deemed necessary especially for village inhabitants. Digital literacy in order to boost KKPA’s entrepreneurship is important to increase productive activities. Online entrepreneurship has a lot of benefits especially because it doesn’t need a lot of venture capital. This mentoring is done with two steps, first step is socialization. In the first step there are socialization and discussion about the housewives’ interests in doing entrepreneurship. Knowledge-sharing about businesses via online media is also being done. In the second step, there is introduction to various methods of online entrepreneurship and promotion. The results of this activity is that housewives acquire knowledge and creativity to utilize digital media for entrepreneurship.
 
Abstrak: Pengguna internet di Indonesia mengalami peningkatan tiap tahunnya. Di sisi yang lain peningkatan pengguna internet tidak diikuti dengan peningkatan kemampuan masyarakat dalam memilih informasi dan memanfaatkannya. Untuk itu, kegiatan literasi digital perlu di­laku­­kan terutama bagi masyarakat pedesaan. Pendampingan literasi digital dalam meningkat­kan kemampuan wirausaha online bagi ibu-ibu KKPA penting dilakukan karena para ibu di pedesaan perlu untuk meningkatkan kemampuannya dalam usaha produktif. Wirausaha online memiliki banyak manfaat bagi mereka karena kegiatan ini tidak memerlukan modal besar dan dapat dilakukan dari rumah. Metode pendampingan dilakukan dengan dua tahap, tahap pertama melakukan sosialisasi Pada tahap pertama dilakukan dengan sosialisasi dan diskusi tentang minat para ibu dalam melakukan wirausaha serta penyampaian pengetahuan berbisnis melalui media online. Tahap kedua pada tahap kedua mengenalkan berbagai metode wirausha online serta teknik promosi melalui media digital.  Hasil dari kegiatan ini, para ibu men­dapatkan pengetahuan dan ketrampilan untuk memanfaatkan media digital dalam berwirausaha.
Copper(I) Complex as Sensitizer Enables High‐Performance Organic Light‐Emitting Diodes with Very Low Efficiency Roll‐Off
Authors: Zhan Lisi , Ying Ao , Qi Yanyu , Wu Kailong , Tang Yang , Tan Yao , Zou Yang , Xie Guohua , Gong Shaolong , Yang Chuluo
Published: August 2021

Organic light‐emitting diodes (OLEDs) utilizing purely organic thermally activated delayed fluorescence (TADF) sensitizers have recently achieved high efficiencies and narrow‐band emissions. However, these devices still face intractable challenges of severe efficiency roll‐off at practical luminance and finite operational lifetime. Herein, a carbene‐Cu(I)‐amide complex, (MAC*)Cu(Cz), is demonstrated as a TADF sensitizer for both fluorescent and TADF OLEDs. The (MAC*)Cu(Cz)‐sensitized fluorescent OLED not only achieves a high external quantum efficiency (EQE) of 14.6% with an extremely low efficiency roll‐off of 12% at the high luminance of 10 000 nits, but also delivers a 15 times longer operational lifetime than that of the non‐sensitized reference device. More importantly, utilizing the (MAC*)Cu(Cz) sensitizer in the multi‐resonance (MR) TADF OLED results in a record‐high EQE of 26.5% together with a full‐width at half maximum of 46 nm and an emission peak at 566 nm. This value is the state‐of‐the‐art efficiency for yellow‐emitting MR‐TADF OLEDs. The photophysical analysis proved that the fast reverse intersystem crossing process of (MAC*)Cu(Cz) is the key factor to suppress triplet exciton involved quenching at high luminance. This finding firstly demonstrates the use of Cu(I) complex as an efficient TADF sensitizer and paves the way for practical applications of TADF sensitized OLEDs.
Robust Metallic Actuators Based on Nanoporous Gold Rapidly Dealloyed from Gold–Nickel Precursors
Authors: Cheng Chuan , Lührs Lukas
Published: August 2021

Dealloyed nanoporous gold (np‐Au) has applications as oxygen reduction catalysis in Li‐air batteries and fuel cells, or as actuators to convert electricity into mechanical energy. However, it faces the challenges of coarsening‐induced structure instability, mechanical weakness due to low relative densities, and slow dealloying rates. Here, monolithic np‐Au is dealloyed from a single‐phase Au25Ni75 solid‐solution at a one‐order faster dealloying rate, ultra‐low residual Ni content, and importantly, one‐third more relative density than np‐Au dealloyed from conventional Au25Ag75. The small atomic radius and low dealloying potential of the sacrificing element Ni are intrinsically beneficial to fast produce high relative density np‐Au, as predicted by a general model for dealloying of binary alloys and validated by experiments. Stable, durable, and reversible actuation of np‐Au takes place under cyclic potential triggering in alkaline and acidic electrolytes with negligible coarsening‐induced strain‐shift. The thermal and mechanical robustness of bulk np‐Au is confirmed by two‐order slower ligament coarsening rates during annealing at 300 °C and 45 MPa macroscopic yielding strength distinctive from the typical early onset of plastic yielding. This article opens a rich direction to achieve high relative density np‐Au which is essential for porous network connectivity, mechanical strength, and nanostructure robustness for electrochemical functionality.
Quantum Oscillations in Ferromagnetic (Sb, V)2Te3 Topological Insulator Thin Films
Authors: Zhang Liguo , Helm Toni , Lin Haicheng , Fan Fengren , Le Congcong , Sun Yan , Markou Anastasios , Felser Claudia
Published: August 2021

An effective way of manipulating 2D surface states in magnetic topological insulators may open a new route for quantum technologies based on the quantum anomalous Hall effect. The doping‐dependent evolution of the electronic band structure in the topological insulator Sb2−xVxTe3 (0 ≤ x ≤ 0.102) thin films is studied by means of electrical transport. Sb2−xVxTe3 thin films were prepared by molecular beam epitaxy, and Shubnikov–de Hass (SdH) oscillations are observed in both the longitudinal and transverse transport channels. Doping with the 3d element, vanadium, induces long‐range ferromagnetic order with enhanced SdH oscillation amplitudes. The doping effect is systematically studied in various films depending on thickness and bottom gate voltage. The angle‐dependence of the SdH oscillations reveals their 2D nature, linking them to topological surface states as their origin. Furthermore, it is shown that vanadium doping can efficiently modify the band structure. The tunability by doping and the coexistence of the surface states with ferromagnetism render Sb2−xVxTe3 thin films a promising platform for energy band engineering. In this way, topological quantum states may be manipulated to crossover from quantum Hall effect to quantum anomalous Hall effect, which opens an alternative route for the design of quantum electronics and spintronics.
A Soft Variable‐Area Electrical‐Double‐Layer Energy Harvester
Authors: Vallem Veenasri , Roosa Erin , Ledinh Tyler , Jung Woojin , Kim Tae‐il , Rashid‐Nadimi Sahar , Kiani Abolfazl , Dickey Michael D.
Published: August 2021

The technological promise of soft devices—wearable electronics, implantables, soft robotics, sensors—has accelerated the demand for deformable energy sources. Devices that can convert mechanical energy to electrical energy can enable self‐powered, tetherless, and sustainable devices. This work presents a completely soft and stretchable (>400% strain) energy harvester based on variable‐area electrical‐double‐layer (EDL) capacitors (≈40 µF cm−2). Mechanically varying the EDL area, and thus the capacitance, disrupts equilibrium and generates a driving force for charge movement through an external circuit. Prior EDL capacitors varied the contact area by depressing water droplets between rigid electrodes. In contrast, here, the harvester consists of liquid‐metal electrodes encased in a hydrogel. Deforming the device by ≈25% strain generates a power density ≈0.5 mW m−2. This unconventional approach is attractive because: (1) it does not need an external voltage supply to provide charge; (2) the electrodes themselves deform; and (3) it can work under various modes of deformation such as pressing, stretching, bending, and twisting. The unique ability of the harvester to operate underwater shows promising applications in wearables that contact sweat, underwater sensing, and blue energy harvesting.
Design, Development, and Outlook of Superwettability Membranes in Oil/Water Emulsions Separation
Authors: Cai Yahui , Shi Sheldon Q. , Fang Zhen , Li Jianzhang
Published: August 2021

Oil leakage and discharge of industrial organic solvents are the main reasons for the oily wastewater. The separation of oil/water emulsions has been a global challenge due to the small particle size of the emulsions and their stabilities. An effective method is needed to resolve these issues. Superwettability membrane method has demonstrated a high separation efficiency, fast separation speed, low energy consumption, good scalability, easy operation, and recyclability. In essence, the special wettability of material is mainly determined by two factors: the chemical compositions of material surface and the surface morphology. Herein, in this review, the development of special wettability separation membranes is discussed including different preparation methods, and material preparation, such as superhydrophobic/super lipophilic, superhydrophilic/underwater superoleophobic, superlipophilic/superhydrophobic under oil, smart membranes with switchable wettability, and special wettability membranes with self‐healing or self‐cleaning property. The representative works of each part are introduced, focusing on preparation methods, innovations and separation performance of membranes. Finally, challenges and future directions in this field are also described.
Electron‐Selective Passivation Contacts for High‐Efficiency Nanostructured Silicon Hydrovoltaic Devices
Authors: Shao Beibei , Wu Yanfei , Chen Xin , Song Zheheng , Li Yajuan , Hong Zhiwei , Yang Fan , Song Tao , Wang Yusheng , Sun Baoquan
Published: August 2021

The hydrovoltaic effect is a recently‐developed means to directly generate electric power from omnipresent water resources, which has drawn substantial attention in the energy harvesting and conversion domain. Unfortunately, the output power density significantly lags behind the other power generation ways. Although numerous efforts have been made to develop various active materials catering to improved output, yet less attention has been paid to the interface between active materials and electrodes. Here, an atomic layer deposition deposited titanium oxide layer is incorporated at rear silicon contact, enabling high surface passivation quality and superior electron selectivity characteristics. As a consequence, the passivated rear contact remarkably enables elevated hydrovoltaic performance, yielding a high open‐circuit voltage of ≈0.82 V and a short‐current density of ≈30 µA cm−2 at room temperature, and the output power density of ≈15 µW cm−2 displays the highest value among previously reported comparable hydrovoltaic devices. This finding that regards the leverage of transition metal oxide as a passivation layer presents a prospective avenue to improve interfacial contact for high‐efficiency hydrovoltaic devices.
Catalyst‐Free Csp−Csp3Cross‐Coupling of Bromodifluoroacetamides with 1‐Iodoalkynes under Visible‐Light Irradiation
Authors: Yamamoto Yoshihiko , Kuroyanagi Eisuke , Suzuki Harufumi , Yasui Takeshi
Published: August 2021

We describe herein that the cross‐coupling of bromodifluoroacetamides with (iodoethynyl)arenes proceeds without recourse to any photocatalyst when exposed to visible light at room temperature to afford alkynyldifluoroacetamides in 62–83% yields (27 examples). Several control experiments suggest that the reaction involves the homolysis of bromodifluoroacetamides and the coupling of the resultant difluoromethyl radical species with the 1‐iodoalkynes via a radical chain process. Divergent transformations of the coupling products led to various organofluorine compounds, demonstrating the synthetic utility of the developed photo‐coupling method.

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Gender and livestock feed research in developing countries: A review
Authors: Harris‐Coble Lacey , Balehegn Mulubrhan , Adesogan Adegbola T. , Colverson Kathleen
Published: August 2021

Livestock productivity and the resulting economic benefits for smallholder farmers are constrained by a limited supply of quality feed. Gender influences both the drivers and constraints for feed technology adoption as well as the distribution of benefits from feed technologies; however, research with gender‐disaggregated data related to livestock feed practices and technologies has not previously been systematically collected and analyzed. This review examines the current scope and patterns in the literature and highlights opportunities that could benefit future livestock feeding research. The review identified 72 articles with gender‐disaggregated data related to livestock feeding, which were analyzed thematically based on the type of gender data collected: division of labor (44 articles), decision making (eight articles), knowledge (nine articles), and technology adoption (11 articles). Across nine different feed activities, women had a comparatively higher level of involvement than men in 49% of the observations (81), whereas men were more involved than women in 48% of the observations (79); equal involvement accounted for the remaining 3% of the observations (n = 7). However, individual feed tasks showed stronger involvement trends toward men or women. Women were more likely to be involved in the provision of feed to livestock than men (69% of observations, 24 observations), whereas men had higher levels of participation than women in fodder collection (54%, 19 observations) and grazing and herding (65%, 33 observations). Future research on women's roles in feed‐related activities could help to improve adoption, scaling, and sustainability of feed improvement interventions through the use of gender‐sensitive data collection tools.
Alicyclic polyamide nanofilms with an asymmetric structure for Cl−/SO42−separation
Authors: Yuan Bingbing , Zhang Shanshan , Jiang Chi , Hu Ping , Cui Jiabao , Zhao Siheng , Wang Ning , Niu Q. Jason
Published: August 2021

Herein, we report an asymmetric alicyclic polyamide nanofilm with an enhanced pore interconnectivity established by manipulating the molecular geometric structure, composed of a porous aromatic polyamide dendrimer layer and a dense alicyclic polyamide layer with hollow stripes. The experimental and simulated data demonstrate that the alicyclic polyamide nanofilm with an asymmetric structure exhibits a negative surface charge and contains more interconnected voids ranging from 1.95 to 3.0 Å, which facilitates the rejection of SO42−with a higher charge density and the passage of Cl−with a smaller hydrated radius, resulting in a good Cl−/SO42−separation selectivity. The resulting membrane attains a 197.11 separation selectivity for Cl−and SO42−and a water flux (for Na2SO4) ~2.2 times that of the pristine polyamide membrane. This fine‐tuning pore approach resulting from the considered alicyclic structure can also be employed in other separation membranes, such as membranes for gas, solvent, or neutral molecular separation.
Robust and Scalable Flat‐Optics on Flexible Substrates via Evolutionary Neural Networks
Authors: Makarenko Maksim , Wang Qizhou , Burguete-Lopez Arturo , Getman Fedor , Fratalocchi Andrea
Published: August 2021

In the past 20 years, flat‐optics has emerged as a promising light manipulation technology, surpassing bulk optics in performance, versatility, and miniaturization capabilities. As of today, however, this technology is yet to find widespread commercial applications. One of the challenges is obtaining scalable and highly efficient designs that can withstand the fabrication errors associated with nanoscale manufacturing techniques. This problem becomes more severe in flexible structures, in which deformations appear naturally when flat‐optics structures are conformally applied to, for example, biocompatible substrates. Herein, an inverse design platform that enables the fast design of flexible flat‐optics that maintain high performance under deformations of their original geometry is presented. The platform leverages on suitably designed evolutionary large‐scale optimizers, equipped with fast‐trained neural network predictors based on encoder decoder architectures. This approach supports the implementation of flexible flat‐optics robust to both fabrication errors or user‐defined perturbation stress. This method is validated by a series of experiments in which broadband flexible light polarizers, which maintain an average polarization efficiency of 80% over 200 nm bandwidths when measured under large mechanical deformations, are realized. These results could be helpful for the realization of a robust class of flexible flat‐optics for biosensing, imaging, and biomedical devices.
Appraisal of Washington State workers' compensation‐based return‐to‐work programs and suggested system improvements: A survey of workers with permanent impairments
Authors: Sears Jeanne M. , Edmonds Amy T. , MacEachen Ellen , Fulton‐Kehoe Deborah
Published: August 2021

Background

Following a work‐related permanent impairment, injured workers commonly face barriers to safe and successful return to work (RTW). Examining workers' experiences with the workers' compensation (WC) system could highlight opportunities to improve RTW outcomes. Objectives included summarizing workers': (1) appraisal of several WC‐based RTW programs, and (2) suggestions for vocational rehabilitation and WC system improvements to promote safe and sustained RTW.

Methods

In telephone interviews, 582 Washington State workers with work‐related permanent impairments were asked whether participation in specified WC‐based RTW programs helped them RTW and/or stay at work. Suggestions for program and system improvements were solicited using open‐ended questions; qualitative content analysis methods were used to inductively code responses.

Results

Most respondents reported positive impacts from RTW program participation; for example, 62.5% of vocational rehabilitation participants reported it helped them RTW, and 51.7% reported it helped them stay at work. Among 582 respondents, 28.0% reported that no change was needed to the WC system, while 57.6% provided suggestions or critiques. Reduce delays/simplify process/improve efficiency was the most frequent WC system theme—mentioned by 34.9%. Among 120 vocational rehabilitation participants, 35.8% reported that no change was needed to vocational rehabilitation, while 46.7% (N = 56) provided suggestions or critiques. More worker choice/input into the vocational retraining plan was the most frequent vocational rehabilitation theme—mentioned by 33.9%.

Conclusions

This study's findings suggest that there is substantial room for improvement in workers' experience with the WC system. In addition, injured workers' feedback may reflect opportunities to reduce administrative burden and to improve worker health and RTW outcomes.
Phosphorus Induced Electron Localization of Single Iron Sites for Boosted CO2 Electroreduction Reaction
Authors: Sun Xiaohui , Tuo Yongxiao , Ye Chenliang , Chen Chen , Lu Qing , Li Guanna , Jiang Peng , Chen Shenghua , Zhu Peng , Ma Ming , Zhang Jun , Bitter Johannes H. , Wang Dingsheng , Li Yadong
Published: August 2021

Electrochemical reduction of carbon dioxide (CO2) into chemicals and fuels has recently attracted much interest, but normally suffers from a high overpotential and low selectivity. In this work, single P atoms were introduced into a N‐doped carbon supported single Fe atom catalyst (Fe‐SAC/NPC) mainly in the form of P−C bonds for CO2 electroreduction to CO in an aqueous solution. This catalyst exhibited a CO Faradaic efficiency of ≈97 % at a low overpotential of 320 mV, and a Tafel slope of only 59 mV dec−1, comparable to state‐of‐the‐art gold catalysts. Experimental analysis combined with DFT calculations suggested that single P atom in high coordination shells (n≥3), in particular the third coordination shell of Fe center enhanced the electronic localization of Fe, which improved the stabilization of the key *COOH intermediate on Fe, leading to superior CO2 electrochemical reduction performance at low overpotentials.
π‐Face Promoted Catalysis in Water: From Electron‐deficient Molecular Cages to Single Aromatic Slides
Authors: Luo Na , Ao Yu‐Fei , Wang De‐Xian , Wang Qi‐Qiang
Published: August 2021

Exploiting noncovalent π‐interactions particularly emerging anion‐π interactions to drive efficient catalysis is fascinating. Even with exciting progresses, can anion‐π activation operate in water remains elusive. Here we report the design, synthesis and catalytic studies of a class of water‐soluble electron‐deficient molecular cages and relevant aromatic slide compounds. The prism‐like cages contain three divided, long, cationic aromatic walls which constitute three highly electron‐deficient V‐shape cavities. They were efficiently synthesized in two steps from a parent triformyl cage in gram‐scale. Crystal structure showed the π‐walls bind to the counter bromide through strong anion‐π interactions. Just 5 mol% of cages were effective in catalyzing decarboxylative Aldol reactions of aldehydes and malonic acid half thioesters in water but not in organic solvents, showing a pronounced hydrophobic amplification effect. Meantime, a series of single π‐slides resembling the π‐wall of the cage performed equally well, while those lacking an extended π‐surface were ineffective, highlighting the essential role of electron‐deficient π‐face on promoting the conversion.
Host under epigenetic control: A novel perspective on the interaction between microorganisms and corals
Authors: Barno Adam R. , Villela Helena D. M. , Aranda Manuel , Thomas Torsten , Peixoto Raquel S.
Published: August 2021

Coral reefs have been challenged by the current rate and severity of environmental change that might outpace their ability to adapt and survive. Current research focuses on understanding how microbial communities and epigenetic changes separately affect phenotypes and gene expression of corals. Here, we provide the hypothesis that coral‐associated microorganisms may directly or indirectly affect the coral's phenotypic response through the modulation of its epigenome. Homologs of ankyrin‐repeat protein A and internalin B, which indirectly cause histone modifications in humans, as well as Rv1988 histone methyltransferase, and the DNA methyltransferases Rv2966c, Mhy1, Mhy2, and Mhy3 found in coral‐associated bacteria indicate that there are potential host epigenome‐modifying proteins in the coral microbiome. With the ideas presented here, we suggest that microbiome manipulation may be a means to alter a coral's epigenome, which could aid the current efforts to protect coral reefs. Also see the video abstract here: https://youtu.be/CW9GbChjKM4
The serological prevalence of SARS‐CoV‐2 infection in patients with chronic myeloid leukemia is similar to that in the general population
Authors: Bonifacio Massimiliano , Tiribelli Mario , Miggiano Maria Cristina , Abruzzese Elisabetta , Binotto Gianni , Scaffidi Luigi , Cordioli Maddalena , Damiani Daniela , Di Bona Eros , Trawinska Malgorzata Monika , Tanasi Ilaria , Dubbini Maria Vittoria , Velotta Vanessa , Ceccarelli Giulia , Pierdomenico Elisabetta , Lo Schirico Mariella , Semenzato Gianpietro , Ruggeri Marco , Fanin Renato , Tacconelli Evelina , Pizzolo Giovanni , Krampera Mauro
Published: August 2021

Background

Patients with hematological malignancies are at an increased risk of SARS‐CoV‐2 disease (COVID‐19) and adverse outcome. However, a low mortality rate has been reported in patients with chronic myeloid leukemia (CML). Preclinical evidence suggests that tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs) may have a protective role against severe COVID‐19.

Methods

We conducted a cross‐sectional study of 564 consecutive patients with CML who were tested for anti‐SARS‐CoV‐2 IgG/IgM antibodies at their first outpatient visit between May and early November 2020 in five hematologic centers representative of three Italian regions.

Results

The estimated serological prevalence of SARS‐CoV‐2 infection in patients with CML after the first pandemic wave was similar to that in the general population (about 2%), both at national and regional levels. CML patients with positive anti‐SARS‐CoV‐2 serology were more frequently male (p = 0.027) and active workers (p = 0.012), while there was no significant association with TKI treatment type. Only 3 out of 11 IgG‐positive patients had previously received a molecular diagnosis of COVID‐19, while the remainders were asymptomatic or with mild symptoms.

Conclusions

Our data confirm that the course of SARS‐CoV‐2 infection in patients with CML is generally mild and reassure about the safety of continuing TKIs during the COVID‐19 pandemic. Furthermore, we suggest that patients with CML succeed to mount an antibody response after exposure to SARS‐CoV‐2, similar to the general population.
The challenge of culturally responsive teaching in rural community colleges
Authors: Garrett Stacey D. , Miller Vachel , Gilbert Chris
Published: August 2021

This article unpacks the challenge of culturally responsive teaching in rural community colleges, based on emerging insights from a study of two community colleges in North Carolina. Culturally responsive strategies ask, how do our classrooms welcome the perspectives, voices, and distinctive cultural resources of people of color and other minoritized groups?
Contextualize to learn: How 2‐year college faculty navigate professional development and curricular reform around mathematics teaching and learning
Authors: Sansing‐Helton Bethany , Schreve Amber , Prevost Amy , Wang Xueli
Published: August 2021

This article illuminates how faculty translate professional development around contextualized math instruction into teaching practice, and offers practical recommendations for those embarking upon similar curricular reform efforts at community colleges.
Invasive infection due to Streptococcus dysgalactiae subspecies equisimilis causing endocarditis and ventriculitis: A case report
Authors: Hikone Mayu , Nagai Ko , Inoue Ken , Noji Saki , Sugiyama Kazuhiro , Hamabe Yuichi
Published: August 2021

We aim to raise awareness of the role of Streptococcus dysgalactiae subsp. equisimilis (SDSE) in causing endovascular and central nervous system infections, and to promote recognition of SDSE as a pathogen that may cause serious invasive infections.
Successful treatment of Becker's nevus with dermabrasion by sandpaper: A case report
Authors: Hafezi Hossein , Galehdari Hamid , Rezaie Mina , Moeini Reza
Published: August 2021

Lasers have been widely used for treatment of Becker nevus. Here, we report a case of Becker nevus which did not respond to laser therapy and was treated successfully by dermabrasion with sandpaper with no following complications.
Lipofibromatous hamartoma of a digital branch of the median nerve: A case report and review of literature
Authors: Barraza‐Silva Jorge , Berebichez‐Fridman Roberto , Corona‐Cobian Lilia Edith , Bernal‐López Laura Montserrat , Álvarez‐San Martín Raúl
Published: August 2021

Lipofibromatous hamartoma (LFH) is a benign tumor that causes nerve enlargement due to fatty adipose tissue infiltration around bundles of peripheral nerves. It most commonly occurs at the median nerve with associated macrodactyly. We present an uncommon case of LFH that affected a digital branch of the median nerve without macrodactyly.
Line it up—Inadvertent placement of nasogastric tube in pleural space resulting in iatrogenic empyema
Authors: Hussain Murtaza S. , Deliwala Smit S. , Awuah Dominic , Valvani Aashish
Published: August 2021

Dobhoff tubes, used for post‐pyloric feedings, have a weighted metal end with a small diameter that enhances their flexibility to traverse the gastrointestinal tract. Unfortunately, the metal stylet can iatrogenically perforate surrounding structures in patients with diminished cough and gag (1), and extreme caution should be considered before its utilization.
Comprehensive evaluation of botulinum toxin treatment outcomes of a patient with persistent myofascial orofacial pain
Authors: Sitnikova Victoria , Kämppi Antti , Teronen Olli , Kemppainen Pentti
Published: August 2021

The outcome evaluation method presented in this case study, including Axes I and II findings combined with the results of quantitative bite force and EMG measurements, provides a good tool for proper evaluation of the effect of BoNT‐A on patients with myofascial orofacial pain and changes in jaw muscle function.
Carotid access for percutaneous coronary intervention
Authors: De Boulle Matthias , Debing Erik , Belsack Dries , Vandeloo Bert
Published: August 2021

Transcarotid percutaneous coronary intervention is feasible and safe and can be considered as an ultimate alternative in cases where conventional peripheral vascular access is unavailable.
An itchy rash and muscle weakness
Authors: Risavi Brian L. , Puller Justin , Juhasz Kristin
Published: August 2021

Dermatomyositis is a rare disease affecting primarily skin and muscles and is associated with malignancies, especially in at‐risk patients. Clinical presentations vary widely but proximal muscle weakness and typical skin findings should prompt consideration of the diagnosis. Immunosuppressive therapy is required, as is continued screening for malignant disease during follow‐up.
COVID‐19 vaccine causing Guillain‐Barre syndrome, a rare potential side effect
Authors: Matarneh Ahmad S. , Al‐battah Alia Hani , Farooqui Khalid , Ghamoodi Mohamed , Alhatou Mohammed
Published: August 2021

Patients with neurological symptoms should be enquired about recent vaccination history. It is important after the COVID‐19 mRNA vaccine, which is newly introduced as it might link to the development of a wider variety of neurological diseases.
Paraparetic Guillain‐Barre syndrome: An uncommon diagnosis of acute flaccid paralysis of the lower limbs
Authors: Luitel Prajjwol , Neupane Nischal , Adhikari Niranjan , Paudel Sujan , Gajurel Bikram Prasad , Karn Ragesh , Rajbhandari Reema , Gautam Niraj , Shrestha Ashish , Ojha Rajeev
Published: August 2021

Apart from the usual differentials of transverse myelitis and cord compression, paraparetic GBS should be considered when sudden, flaccid paralysis of the lower limbs occurs, as prompt diagnosis and management can minimize sequel and unnecessary procedures. We do report a case wherein we managed a similar situation without the use of an immunomodulatory therapy.