bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Ruling-in and Ruling-out Significant Fibrosis and Cirrhosis in Patients with Chronic Hepatitis C Using a Shear Wave Measurement Method
Authors: Ferraioli Giovanna , Maiocchi Laura , Lissandrin Raffaella , Tinelli Carmine , De Silvestri Annalisa , Filice Carlo
Published: May 2017

Aims: To prospectively assess the cutoff values of a point shear wave measurement (SWM) method for ruling-in and ruling-out significant fibrosis and cirrhosis using transient elastography (TE) as the reference standard.Method: Consecutive patients with chronic hepatitis C were enrolled. Liver stiffness was assessed with the SWM method implemented on the HI VISION Ascendus ultrasound system (Hitachi Ltd, Japan) and with the TE method of the FibroScan® device (Echosens, France). For staging significant fibrosis (F≥2) and cirrhosis (F=4) we used the TE cutoffs of 7.0 and 12.0 kiloPascal (kPa), respectively. The diagnostic performance of SWM was assessed by calculating the area under the receiver operating characteristic (AUROC) curve. Cutoffs with specificity or sensitivity > 90% were chosen to rule-in or rule-out F≥2 and F=4.Results: 445 individuals [235 males, 210 females; mean age, 61.1 (13.3) years] were studied: 190 (42.7%) individuals had F0-F1 fibrosis stage, 82 (18.4%) F2, 46 (10.3%) F3, and 127 (28.6%) F4 fibrosis stage. For ruling-in F≥2 the SWM cutoff was 6.78 kPa [sensitivity, 76.9%(70.6-82.4); specificity, 90.3% (85.0-94.3)] and for ruling-out it was 5.55 kPa [sensitivity, 90.6% (85.8-94.1); specificity, 72.2% (64.9-78.6)]. For ruling-in F=4 the SWM cutoff was 9.15 kPa [sensitivity, 83.3% (74.4-90.2); specificity, 90.1% (86.0-93.2)] and for ruling-out it was 8.41 kPa [sensitivity, 90.6% (82.9-95.6); specificity, 82.2% (77.3-86.4)]. AUROCs were 0.92 (0.89-0.94) for F≥2 and 0.94 (0.91-0.96) for F=4.Conclusions. In clinical practice, the use of a dual cutoff of SWM may increase the confidence in staging liver fibrosis with a non-invasive shear wave elastography technique.Abbreviations: ARFI: acoustic radiation force impulse; AUROC: area under the ROC curve; CCC: concordance correlation coefficient; IQR/M: interquartile range/median; LSM: liver stiffness measurement; ROC: receiver operating characteristic; pSWE: point shear wave elastography; SWM: shear wave measurement; TE: transient elastography; US: ultrasound.
Major Hereditary Gastrointestinal Cancer Syndromes: a Narrative Review
Authors: Chintalacheruvu Lakshmi Manogna , Shaw Trudy , Buddam Avanija , Diab Osama , Kassim Thamer , Mukherjee Sandeep , Lynch Henry T.
Published: May 2017

Gastrointestinal cancer is one of the major causes of death worldwide. Hereditary gastrointestinal cancer syndromes constitute about 5-10% of all cancers. About 20-25% of undiagnosed cases have a possible hereditary component, which is not yet established. In the last few decades, the advance in genomics has led to the discovery of multiple cancer predisposition genes in gastrointestinal cancer. Physicians should be aware of these syndromes to identify high-risk patients and offer genetic testing to prevent cancer death. In this review, we describe clinical manifestations, genetic testing and its challenges, diagnosis and management of the major hereditary gastrointestinal cancer syndromes.Key words:  −  −  −  − .Abbreviations: ACG: American College of Gastroenterology; AFAP: attenuated FAP; APC: adenomatous polyposis coli; CDH1: E-cadherin; CHRPE: congenital hypertrophy of the retinal pigment epithelium; CRC: colorectal cancer; FAMMM: Familial atypical multiple mole melanoma; FAP: Familial adenomatous polyposis; GC: gastric cancer; HDGC: Hereditary diffuse gastric cancer; IHC: immunohistochemical; IPAA: ileal pouch–anal anastomosis; IRA: ileorectal anastomosis; MSI: microsatellite instability; MMR: mismatch repair; miRNA: micro RNA.
Legitimation theological of suffering as pedagogy: critical in Veena Das
Authors: Coelho Allan Da Silva
Published: May 2017

understand the relationship that the Indian anthropologist Veena Das articulates between pedagogy and theodicies in social legitimacy of human suffering. How the theological legitimacy of suffering constitute pedagogic fundamentals of practices that educate the body and administer the sense of living in the framework of the capitalist ethos? For Das, a theodicy, as necessary suffering, displaced from the religious to the secular uses pain and suffering as a basis for Pedagogy. In Modernity, pain and suffering are played in the symbolic universe, the configuration and adherence to modern apitalist ethos, indicating the “way of being” normal as acceptance of a moral sense to the suffering and subordination in the face of laws and institutions. It is pedagogy for subalternizar, but not always resign. Sometimes in dispute of meanings, prepares a form of resistance facing the absurdity non-sense of pain.
ACADEMIC INTEGRITY SUPPORT SYSTEM FOR UKRAINIAN UNIVERSITIES
Authors: Sherstjuk V. G. , Zharikova M. V.
Published: May 2017

Purpose. Developing the methodology for providing academic integrity in the university. The methodology is based on Web-oriented academic integrity support system, developed by the authors, which enters into the information system of learning process control. Academic integrity support system is aimed at maintaining academic integrity as a basic institutional value, which will help to reduce corruption, plagiarism and other types of academic dishonesty. Methodology. The methodology of problem to solve is based on the development of the information system of education process control with the integral elements of quality control. The information subsystem of academic integrity support is its basic part. Findings. The proposed information system allows us to fulfill the following levels: educational process monitoring; audit of internal processes, which is necessary for developing the effective quality control system; assessment of achievements of educational process participants; formalization of the interaction of educational process participants. The system is aimed at the development of new academic society based on the following principles: open access to the information, at which the access of wide audience to the information provides participation, forming the sense of responsibility and social control; transparency of the information, by which its relevance, quality, reliability are meant; responsibility of all members of educational process; measurability, at which any action in educational process should be measured; detail of describing the actions, results and processes; support, which is meant by automatic tools of the realization of the principles of open access to the information, transparency of the information, responsibility of all participants of educational process,  measurability, detail, support. The practical realization of information system is based on the development of a common repository of university information. The repository should be organized as a hypercube having abundance of dimensions, for example by students, teachers, courses, rooms, educational programs and plans. Originality. The new four-level concept of the information system of academic integrity support is first proposed. Practical value. The proposed system allows increasing dishonesty in academic society and gives rise to the integration of Ukrainian universities into the Europe. The proposed ideas will be represented in the pilot project of information system of learning process control in Kherson National Technical University.
THE STUDY OF DEFORMATION CHARACTERISTICS OF SOIL MATERIALS WITH THE USAGE OF WASTES
Authors: Trykoz L. V. , Savchuk V. U.
Published: May 2017

Purpose. More often the qualified building materials are replaced by the industrial wastes for environmental improvement. This refers to both metallurgical slags and biological solids of water treatment plants. In order to understand the possibilities of their usage it needs studying deformation properties of composite soil materials with industrial wastes addition. Methodology. The soil of real buildings and structures foundation is in the complicated conditions and the stress-strained state. While studying this state the total deformation modulus Е0 is used as the deformation characteristic. This one is determined according to the results of sample soil testing in the compression instrument (odometer). This instrument prevents the possibility of lateral expansion of sample soil under the vertical load. Findings. As a result of the testing the compression curves are plotted as the dependence of the porosity coefficient on pressure. These data allow determining the compressibility coefficient and the strain modulus. It is found that a biological solids addition increases the compressibility coefficient four times compared to the clay. The two types of samples are compared. The first type contains 50% of biological solids. The second type contains 50% of biological solids and 50% of slag. The comparison shows that the second type is compressed twelve times less. An addition into the clay of biological solids increases the strain modulus from 7.8 to 20.3 MPa. The slag increases the strain modulus to 52.7 MPa. Originality. While making the composition based clay materials the functional groups of biological solids interact with hydroxyl groups which are placed on the surface of clay particles and form a spatial structure. Besides an addition of biological solids contributes to peptization, soil aggregates destroy themselves, and form contacts between separate particles. It causes the decrease of soil compressibility due to the total porosity decrease. An addition of slag results in formation of optimal structure where particles of less sizes are placed in layers between bigger particles. Practical value. An application of biological solids and slag provides the increased load-carrying capacity of soil, extending of raw material sources while improving the environmental situation in the cities. Also it provides the recycling of reinforced soil.
Social Network Structures of Breast Cancer Patients and the Contributing Role of Patient Navigators
Authors: Gunn Christine M. , Parker Victoria A. , Bak Sharon M. , Ko Naomi , Nelson Kerrie P. , Battaglia Tracy A.
Published: May 2017

Background

Minority women in the U.S. continue to experience inferior breast cancer outcomes compared with white women, in part due to delays in care delivery. Emerging cancer care delivery models like patient navigation focus on social barriers, but evidence demonstrating how these models increase social capital is lacking. This pilot study describes the social networks of newly diagnosed breast cancer patients and explores the contributing role of patient navigators.

Materials and Methods

Twenty-five women completed a one hour interview about their social networks related to cancer care support. Network metrics identified important structural attributes and influential individuals. Bivariate associations between network metrics, type of network, and whether the network included a navigator were measured. Secondary analyses explored associations between network structures and clinical outcomes.

Results

We identified three types of networks: kin-based, role and/or affect-based, or heterogeneous. Network metrics did not vary significantly by network type. There was a low prevalence of navigators included in the support networks (25%). Network density scores were significantly higher in those networks without a navigator. Network metrics were not predictive of clinical outcomes in multivariate models.

Conclusion

Patient navigators were not frequently included in support networks, but provided distinctive types of support. If navigators can identify patients with poorly integrated (less dense) social networks, or who have unmet tangible support needs, the intensity of navigation services could be tailored. Services and systems that address gaps and variations in patient social networks should be explored for their potential to reduce cancer health disparities.
Centrifuge modelling of building response to tunnel excavation
Authors: Ritter Stefan , Giardina Giorgia , DeJong Matthew J. , Mair Robert J.
Published: May 2017

Understanding the building response to tunnelling-induced settlements is an important aspect of urban tunnelling in soft ground. Previous centrifuge modelling research demonstrated significant potential to study this tunnel–soil–structure interaction problem. However, these recent studies were limited by simplified building models, which might result in uncertainties when interpreting the building performance to tunnelling subsidence. This paper presents an experimental modelling procedure and the results of a series of centrifuge tests, involving relatively complex surface structures subjected to tunnelling in sand. Powder-based three-dimensional (3D) printing was adopted to fabricate building models with realistic layouts, facade openings and foundations. The 3D printed material had a Young's modulus and a brittle response similar to historic masonry. Modelling effects and boundary conditions are quantified. The good agreement between the experimentally obtained results and previous research demonstrates that the soil–structure interaction during tunnel excavation is well replicated. The experimental procedure provides a framework to quantify how building features affect the response of buildings to tunnelling subsidence.
Luenberger observer application in decentralised control of civil structures
Authors: Aghajanian Saeid , Amini Fereidoun , Moaveni Bijan
Published: June 2017

Decentralised control techniques have been developed to compensate for the deficiencies of centralised methods. However, despite their prominence, decentralised control approaches present sub-optimal responses, and this topic has recently attracted the attention of researchers. In this paper, a novel decentralised control technique based on the Luenberger observer is proposed to improve the control performance of structural vibrations based on the state estimation approach. The controlled responses of a three-storey shear frame model are investigated. The efficiency of the proposed method is demonstrated through a comparison of the results with the corresponding centralised control method, a fully decentralised method and the recently proposed Kalman-based approach. In addition, precise results of an uncertain structural model clearly illustrate the superiority of the Luenberger method. An intelligent design procedure is assigned to the observer poles, which ensures acceptable accuracy of the proposed method in noisy measurement conditions.
Estudio exploratorio sobre las inferencias generadas por el texto de poesía religiosa, en los jóvenes universitarios de la carrera de comunicación social de la universidad politécnica salesiana de Guayaquil.
Authors: Merchan arias Hugo Alain
Published: June 2017

El presente trabajo es una investigación exploratoria cualitativa sobre las inferencias que se generan  a partir de la lectura de poesía religiosa, con la intensión de para rescatar y valorizar este género literario en la ciudad portuaria de Guayaquil. Planteándonos conocer que inferencia son producido luego de leer poesía religiosa guayaquileña, Se pudo determinar  por medio del análisis de contenido, que los jóvenes coinciden con el valor trasmitidos por los poetas en comparación  a la música de reggaetón, que no genera ningún tipo de inferencias en los participantes universitarios, las inferencias generadas por la poesía religiosa están relacionadas con la Vinculación de respeto ecológico; El sentido de amar en nuestras interrelaciones; Capacidad creativa para superar las adversidades de la vida con ayuda de los pares; como el equilibrio integrar del dolor y el amor para sobreponerse a las pruebas de la vida; y conexión cognitiva con lo divino.
Los Museos ¿Espacios para incentivar conocimientos y disertaciones sobre el pasado?
Authors: Uribe Taborda Saúl Fernando
Published: June 2017

El presente artículo reflexiona el rol del Museo como institución que salvaguarda y conserva los vestigios del pasado, cuya función se configura como espacio estructurador, condicionante y eje institucional de las miradas hacia la memoria social y colectiva de los pueblos latinoamericanos. En este trabajo argumento cómo el museo constituye un espacio que contribuye a la reproducción y legitimación de ideas e ideologías enraizadas en el proyecto de modernidad/colonialidad, y de qué forma se establecen visiones del pasado que excluyen las historias y experiencias de los “otros”.    
Impacto del sistema de alertas "semaforo" del contenido de azúcar, sal y grasa en etiquetas de alimentos procesados: enfoque cualitativo
Authors: Poveda Antonio
Published: June 2017

El Ministerio de Salud Pública de Ecuador (LATAM), por decreto ministerial implementado en noviembre de 2013 una medida innovadora en un esfuerzo por mejorar los hábitos alimenticios de la población ecuatoriana y así reducir la incidencia de enfermedades causadas por una nutrición deficiente. Los productores de alimentos procesados se vieron obligados a poner en sus etiquetas de producto un sistema gráfico que indica a los consumidores la cantidad de grasa, azúcar y sal en sus productos mediante el uso de colores rojo, amarillo y verde como advertencia.   Esta investigación busca analizar el impacto de la implementación de este sistema de alerta en el consumo de alimentos procesados para considerar si la medida realmente ha tenido el impacto deseado y ha reducido el consumo de productos con altos niveles de azúcar, sal y grasa. A través de entrevistas en profundidad con los jefes de familia de clase media y alta de la ciudad de Guayaquil, se encontró que en general los ciudadanos están de acuerdo con la medida y consideran negativamente los productos con alerta roja (alto contenido de azúcar, sal y grasa). Incluso pensando que han reducido la cantidad de consumo de este tipo de productos, son pesimistas acerca de la posibilidad de dejar de comprarlos.
O USO DA TOXINA BOTULÍNICA NO TRATAMENTO DA ESPASTICIDADE APÓS ACIDENTE VASCULAR ENCEFÁLICO: UMA REVISÃO DE LITERATURA
Authors: Oliveira Diogo Ramon Nascimento de , Paiva Inajara Meireles Barbosa , Anomal Renata Figueiredo
Published: May 2017

A toxina botulínica é uma técnica farmacológica que traz efeitos benéficos ao paciente com espasticidade, como o ganho de amplitude de movimento e melhora da função dos membros afetados. O presente trabalho tem por objetivo descrever os métodos, efeitos, indicações e contraindicações do uso da toxina botulínica no tratamento da espasticidade após acidente vascular encefálico, ressaltando seus benefícios associados à fisioterapia. Foi realizada uma revisão de literatura narrativa por meio das seguintes bases de dados: Google acadêmico, Scielo, Pubmed e Bireme. Os descritores da Biblioteca Virtual em Saúde (BVS) utilizados foram: toxina botulínica, fisioterapia, acidente vascular encefálico e espasticidade; botulinum toxin, physiotherapy, stroke e spasticity. Como resultado, encontrou-se que o tratamento da espasticidade com a toxina botulínica tem maior êxito quando a administração segue alguns critérios, como: o ajuste da dose de acordo com a idade, com o peso, grau de espasticidade e musculatura administrada. A associação da toxina botulínica com a fisioterapia e outras técnicas de tratamento, também contribuem positivamente para os efeitos benéficos desta terapia. Os efeitos do uso da toxina botulínica no tratamento da espasticidade são evidenciados na Escala de Ashworth, e parecem potencializar o tratamento fisioterapêutico. No entanto, algumas contraindicações podem ser citadas, como: doenças neuromusculares, hipersensibilidade à toxina botulínica, gestantes e uso antibióticos. Desta forma conclui-se que a toxina botulínica pode ser usada em associação com a fisioterapia no tratamento da espasticidade de maneira segura, desde que sejam obedecidas as recomendações do uso.
ELETROESTIMULAÇÃO DO NERVO TIBIAL POSTERIOR EM MULHERES COM BEXIGA HIPERATIVA: REVISÃO SISTEMÁTICA
Authors: Monteiro Alana Karina Santos , Pinho Liziane Estrela , Gomes Asley Pimenta , Aragão dos Santos Adriana Saraiva
Published: May 2017

Introdução: A Síndrome da Bexiga Hiperativa (BH) consiste na segunda causa mais comum da incontinência urinária e apresenta um impacto psicológico considerável nas mulheres, principalmente com idade avançada.  Sua desordem afeta o sistema parassimpático podendo interferir no esvaziamento vesical. A fisioterapia apresenta diversas intervenções conservadoras que ajudam na melhora do quadro do paciente, como a eletroestimulação do nervo tibial posterior (EENTP), essa técnica tem se mostrado menos invasiva, mais aceita e sem efeitos adversos quando comparada a outros métodos de tratamento para a BH. Este estudo tem como objetivo reunir evidências cientifica a fim de identificar os possíveis efeitos da EENTP em mulheres com BH. Metériais e Métodos: Revisão sistemática de literatura incluindo ensaios clínicos controlados randomizados encontrados nas bases de dados, LILACS, PubMed, PEDro, Cochrane e Bireme. Resultados: Foram encontrados 421, dos quais cinco corresponderam aos critérios de inclusão. As variáveis de interesse dos estudos foram: a presença dos sintomas de frequência urinária, urgência miccional, noctúria associada à incontinência urinária em mulheres antes e após o tratamento. Conclusão: Esse artigo mostrou que a EENTP é uma ferramenta conservadora da fisioterapia, menos invasiva que outras terapias, sendo bem tolerada pelos pacientes e tem demostrando eficaz no tratamento da bexiga hiperativa.
EXPLORING THE TERTIARY EFL STUDENTS' ACADEMIC WRITING COMPETENCIES
Authors: Aunurrahman Aunurrahman , Hamied Fuad Abdul Hamied , Emilia Emi
Published: May 2017

For tertiary English as a Foreign Language (EFL) students, academic writing is not an easy task. It requires knowledge of the academic writing genres with their particular linguistic features. Moreover, academic writing demands good critical thinking. This research aims to explore the students' academic writing competencies that also focus on critical thinking. The research involved thirty-six first-year tertiary EFL students from a regular class of a private university in Pontianak, West Kalimantan, Indonesia. The source for data collection was the students’ texts. Three texts were selected and the students were categorized into low, medium, and high levels of writing achievement. The text analysis utilized functional grammar rooted in systemic functional linguistics (Emilia, 2014). The analysis shows that the students, regardless of their levels of writing achievement, have little control over the schematic structure and linguistic features of an argumentative writing. The text analysis also shows that the students’ texts have some limitations as regards their critical thinking capacity. Still, a few examples of academic language were detected in the texts. The findings suggest that the lecturer should incorporate explicit teaching and cooperative learning activities to alleviate the students' difficulties and develop their academic writing and critical thinking capacity.
STYLE, CONTEXT AND TRANSLATED NARRATIVES: A SOCIO-SEMIOTIC PROFILE FOR STUDYING STYLE IN TRANSLATED NARRATIVES
Authors: Aljahdali Sawsan A.
Published: May 2017

A translated narrative has both its structure and texture creatively reproduced in the decoding-reencoding processes. These processes of intersemiotic and interlingual transformations yield variable results influenced by language-in-context, as the broadest environment of translation, and prompted by the level of the typological and semiotic distance between texts. Translation is thus an act of communication that is separate (contextually and discursively) from, while it is still dependent (semantically) on, the original writing. Here, the translator’s style is an “imprint” that is simultaneously compelled by the creativity of the literary translation act and the existence of the targeted reader in a new socio-semiotic context (Baker, 2000; Hasan, 1986/2011, 1989; Hatim & Mason, 1997; Malmkjær, 2004; Matthiessen, 2001). In response to Baker (2000), the present study aims to theoretically revisit the issue of style in narrative translation in a comparative view that takes into consideration the multiple contexts and meta-contexts of the acts of creation and translation. This comparative intersemiotic view ventures to address the complexity of narrative meaning recreation in these new acts of communication along the multi-stratal systems of language and narrative and in the light of the narrative, stylistic and socio-semiotic views of discourse and meaning.
INDIVIDUAL ACCOUNTABILITY IN COOPERATIVE LEARNING: MORE OPPORTUNITIES TO PRODUCE SPOKEN ENGLISH
Authors: Astuti Puji , Lammers Jayne C.
Published: May 2017

The contribution of cooperative learning (CL) in promoting second and foreign language learning has been widely acknowledged. Little scholarly attention, however, has been given to revealing how this teaching method works and promotes learners’ improved communicative competence. This qualitative case study explores the important role that individual accountability in CL plays in giving English as a Foreign Language (EFL) learners in Indonesia the opportunity to use the target language of English. While individual accountability is a principle of and one of the activities in CL, it is currently under studied, thus little is known about how it enhances EFL learning. This study aims to address this gap by conducting a constructivist grounded theory analysis on participant observation, in-depth interview, and document analysis data drawn from two secondary school EFL teachers, 77 students in the observed classrooms, and four focal students. The analysis shows that through individual accountability in CL, the EFL learners had opportunities to use the target language, which may have contributed to the attainment of communicative competence—the goal of the EFL instruction. More specifically, compared to the use of conventional group work in the observed classrooms, through the activities of individual accountability in CL, i.e., performances and peer interaction, the EFL learners had more opportunities to use spoken English. The present study recommends that teachers, especially those new to CL, follow the preset procedure of selected CL instructional strategies or structures in order to recognize the activities within individual accountability in CL and understand how these activities benefit students.
Outcome of ultrasound guided closed drainage of acute suppurative thyroid abscess as a definitive treatment modality
Authors: S. Ravi K. , Bhat Vinay S.
Published: May 2017

Background: Thyroid abscess are relatively uncommon conditions in otolaryngology-head and neck surgery because of thyroid glands anatomical and physiological protective barrier. When it occurs it results in significant morbidity with potential mortality. Traditionally, surgical incision and drainage with antibiotics has been the mainstay of treatment. Some reports have suggested that ultrasound guided closed drainage is a less invasive and effective alternative in selected cases. The aim of our study is to evaluate the efficacy of ultrasound guided percutaneous closed drainage in the management of thyroid abscess.

Methods: From January 2013 to December 2016, patients presenting with thyroid abscess to the department of otolaryngology at Adichunchanagiri hospital and who subsequently underwent ultrasound guided percutaneous closed drainage were included in the study.  

Results: Five patients were recruited for the study. After the aspiration of pus under ultrasound guidance, all patients were symptomatically improved and no patients needed open surgical drainage afterwards. After treatment, all patients were cured of their disease completely without any complications and with reduced hospital stay. After discharge, no patient showed any signs of relapse on regular follow-up.

Conclusions: Ultrasound guided percutaneous closed drainage of thyroid abscess is an effective and safe procedure because of good clinical outcome, patient satisfaction and reduced hospital stay. It is an effective alternative to open incision and drainage of thyroid abscess.
Democratisation of Teaching and Learning: a tool for the implementation of the Tuning Approach in Higher Education?
Authors: Iloanya Jane
Published: May 2017

Teaching and learning in Contemporary Higher Education is experiencing a change of paradigm in the approach used for curriculum design and instruction. This paper examines the application of democratisation of teaching and learning as a crucial tool for the implementation of the Tuning Approach in the teaching and learning processes in higher education. A qualitative research approach was used to collect information from two institutions of higher learning in Botswana. Findings from the study indicate, that, there are democratic elements in the teaching and learning processes as evidenced by the use of the learning –outcomes approach in lesson planning by the lecturers, and in the various ways students are engaged in teaching and learning processes. However, the study revealed that students are not fully involved in planning curriculum and workload.
MODELAGEM ELÉTRICA DOS TUBOS DE RAIOS-X UTILIZADOS EM SISTEMAS DE FLUOROSCOPIA COM O OBJETIVO DE MINIMIZAR A RADIAÇÃO TRANSMITIDA AO PACIENTE
Authors: Duarte Raghunatha Faria , Oliveira Bruno Andrade de , Sousa Euzebio De
Published: May 2017

A finalidade deste artigo foi demonstrar os processos e parâmetros e que são necessários para o funcionamento do tudo de raios-X na utilização em técnica de fluoroscopia, abordou-se a parte construtiva do Gerador de alta tensão e do tubo de raios-X e a forma de como ocorre a liberação dos raios-X que incide ao paciente durante o exame, a condição de como a corrente e a diferença de potencial geram os raios-X que incide ao paciente durante o procedimento e o que uma exposição desnecessária a tais raios pode ser prejudicial em quantidades que não agregam imagem ao exame, desta forma criou-se uma proposta de modelagem elétrica de um tubo de raios-X em que abordou uma alternativa para minimizar a radiação que atravessa ao paciente sem a geração de imagem útil.

ABSTRACT
The purpose of this article was to demonstrate the processes and parameters that are necessary for the operation of all X-rays in the use in fluoroscopy technique, the constructive part of the High Voltage Generator and the X-ray tube and the How the X-ray release occurs to the patient during the examination, the condition of how the current and potential difference generates the X-rays incident to the patient during the procedure and what unnecessary exposure to such rays May be detrimental in amounts that do not add an image to the examination. In this way, a proposal was made for the electric modeling of an X-ray tube, in which it addressed an alternative to minimize the radiation that passes through the patient without generating useful images.
高压旋喷桩在拦河闸基础中的应用
Authors: 边 慧霞
Published: June 2017

以淜头水电站拦河闸基础处理工程为例，对高压旋喷桩在低液限黏土层、卵石混合土层及级配不良砾互层等复杂闸基加固中的施工
过程进行了分析，并通过现场取芯、单桩载荷试验桩径检测及桩间土检测对加固效果进行分析评价，可以为类似工程提供借鉴。
探究灌区节水灌溉的创新方式
Authors: 史 吉刚
Published: June 2017

进行农业灌溉工作时，可利用的水资源一般有：地表水、地下水和土壤中储存的水和经净化处理后所产生的废水。在对农业水资源
进行开发利用的过程中，最好使用多种工作技术相结合的工作方式，这些技术包括科学的开采地下水和地表水的技术、多水源综合开发利用技术
以及机井的测试和改造技术等。在开展节水农业技术的贯彻落实工作时，最关键的工作是灌溉工作中的节水工艺，不过节水量最大的技术是灌溉
节水工艺。本文分析探讨了灌区节水灌溉的创新方式。
成都市河道生态缺水原因及应对策略研究
Authors: 覃 光旭
Published: June 2017

成都素有“ 天府之国” 的美誉，但近年来却出现了河道生态缺水的现象。 基于此，研究进行了深入分析，得出致使这一现象的原因 包括 降雨季节性分配不均、水资源调蓄能力不足、生态用水被生产生活用水挤占等，同时研究还提出挖掘调蓄潜能、严控用水总量、加强地下水 涵养、强 化水污染治理的应对策略。
基于热管技术双管程管壳式换热器的研究
Authors: 李 永田
Published: June 2017

热管技术起源于美国，并在日本得到的突飞猛进的发展。因其具备均温、高效导热、可单向传递等特性，而广泛用于航空航天、电 力电子、冶金、石油石化等行业。那么，如何将其特性发挥到得更好，体现得更透彻，研究学者及工程技术人员不断的积极探索。本文以热管技 术的延伸应用为基础，研发一种不同于传统的管壳式换热器。此换热器的冷热两种参与换热的流体在管程内流动，便于实现反冲洗。在流通阻力 允许前提下，有效提高流速，且换热温差得以提高，使得换热系数得以提高，换热面积减小，设备成本减低。
Współczesne i prognozowane uwarunkowania demograficzno-migracyjne w rozwoju miejskiego systemu osadniczego Polski
Authors: Śleszyński Przemysław
Published: June 2017

W artykule przedstawiono uwarunkowania demograficzno-migracyjne w największym stopniu kształtujące współczesny rozwój krajowego systemu osadniczego. Badania wskazują na kształtowanie się hierarchii miast w zakresie powiązań migracyjnych, a prognozy demograficzne dość jednoznacznie pokazują depopulację miast, zwłaszcza średnich i ich zapleczy. Przy tym skala depopulacji jest i tak silnie niedoszacowana ze względu na nierejestrowany exodus Polaków za granicę w poszukiwaniu pracy i lepszych warunków życia. W tym kontekście zaprezentowano szacunki zmian liczby ludności uwzględniające nierejestrowaną emigrację zagraniczną. Na zakończenie zostały sformułowane wnioski, w tym dla planowania rozwoju i polityki osadniczej w warunkach depopulacji kraju. Niektórych procesów nie da się już zatrzymać ani odwrócić i konieczne jest łagodzenie ich negatywnych skutków dla systemu osadniczego.
HAEMAGLUTINATION OF Shigella flexneri SUBUNIT PILI PROTEIN 18 KDA AS A MOLECULE ADHESION IN MICE ENTEROCYTES
Authors: Fitrianingsih Avin Ainur
Published: May 2017

Diarrhoeal diseases are still a major cause of the high morbidity and mortality of children globally, especially in children under five years. Diarrhea caused by Shigella flexneri usual dealt with antibiotics seen it is getting resistant with various antibiotic.  Prevention shigellosis with a vaccine that was developed and used now are still limited. This study attempts to explore hemaglutinin protein pili S . flexneri allegedly role in adhesion bacteria on the mice enterocyte. This research using  hemaglutination test then adhesion test  by means of reacting protein sub unit pili 18 kDa S. flexneri with mice enterocyte cells and observed the amount of bacteria inherent in a mice cell enterocyte. The research found that proteins sub unit pili with molecules weight 18 kDa is a protein that capable to agglutinate mice red blood cells with highest dilution and capable to inhibit adhesion bacteria on the mice enterocyte significantly.

 

Keywords: Shigella flexneri, protein sub unit pili , hemagglutinin protein, adhesin protein.
Estudio del efecto de la imputación de fallas en la estimación de la curva de supervivencia bajo censura a intervalo / Study of the effect of failure imputation in estimating the survival curve under interval censoring
Authors: Elorza Mario César Jaramillo , Lopera Gómez Carlos Mario
Published: May 2017

La mayoría de los análisis de supervivencia se basan en tiempos de falla exactos y observaciones censuradasa la derecha, utilizándose métodos ampliamente difundidos como el método de Kaplan-Meier (KM). Cuandolos datos presentan censura a intervalo es necesario utilizar el método de Turnbull para estimar la función desupervivencia, sin embargo en la práctica se usa con frecuencia la imputación del tiempo de falla en este tipode censura a través del punto medio del intervalo (PM), el extremo derecho del intervalo (ED) o generandoun punto aleatorio dentro del mismo a través de la distribución uniforme. Este trabajo estudia a través desimulación el efecto de los tres tipos de imputación sobre la estimación de la curva de supervivencia encomparación al método desarrollado por Turnbull. Se analizaron diferentes escenarios de simulación basadosen el tamaño de muestra y el tiempo entre visitas. En todos los escenarios de simulación las funcionesestimadas usando imputación de datos difieren significativamente de la verdadera función de supervivenciaS(t).
CARSTE SUSPENSO E GEOMORFOLOGIA DE LONGO TERMO. A REGIÃO CÁRSTICA DOS CURRAIS DE PEDRAS, JEQUITAÍ – MINAS GERAIS
Authors: Gonçalves Frederico Augusto Alves , Rodet Joël Georges Marie Andre , Magalhães Junior Antônio Pereira
Published: May 2017

Paisagens cársticas suspensas podem guardar elementos resultantes de processos naturais que nelas atuaram antes do seu alçar. Na região centro-norte de Minas Gerais, esse tipo de cenário foi observado nas superfícies cimeiras de elevações topográficas tabulares situadas em terrenos da bacia do Riacho Fundo. Tais feições de relevo desenvolvem-se em carbonatos neoproterozoicos da Formação Lagoa do Jacaré – Grupo Bambuí. Essas rochas exibem feições estruturais que exerceram – e ainda exercem – um importante controle na dinâmica e na gênese de algumas das formas cársticas. As estruturas tectônicas expressam-se principalmente pela planimetria das cavernas e as estruturas congênitas pela inibição do desenvolvimento vertical do carste. Formações superficiais autóctones e alóctones também compõem a paisagem. Aproximações acerca da hidrodinâmica atuante na elaboração do carste estudado foram realizadas a partir de análises sobre a morfologia de condutos de cavernas, a planimetria da rede subterrânea, a litoestratigrafia e a litoestrutura. Foram construídas análises das relações genéticas e dinâmicas entre as formas cársticas, o relevo regional e as formações superficiais. Os seixos, em superfície e no interior de algumas cavernas, sugerem que algum curso d’água com capacidade de transporte drenou a área por um período situado em um espaço de tempo anterior e/ou cronocorrelato ao início da instalação de uma dinâmica cárstica e da incisão da atual rede de drenagem. Os resultados alcançados sugerem que a elaboração do carste investigado teve início no Mioceno Superior.
Big Data, Data Science e seus contributos para o avanço no uso da Open Source Intelligence
Authors: Dos Passos Danielle Sandler
Published: May 2017

Diante do crescente avanço tecnológico e da ampla disponibilização de dados pelos meios de comunicação aberta, vê-se surgir a necessidade de novos mecanismos que auxiliem a captar e analisar corretamente tais informações, tirando o máximo de proveito que a Open Source Intelligence (OSINT) pode oferecer. O objetivo de estudo deste artigo é descobrir as vantagens do uso da OSINT pelas agências de inteligência, organizações e empresas, e como os mecanismos de Big Data e Data Science podem auxiliar na sua propagação e torná-la cada vez mais eficaz.
Levantamento e análise das perspectivas da governança global no contexto da responsabilidade social
Authors: Lima Luciana Cristina da Conceicao , Gonçalves Alcindo Fernandes , Gomes Eduardo Rodrigues , Lima Claudio Benevenuto de Campos , Lima Gilson Brito Alves
Published: May 2017

A governança global trata da união de diversos atores sociais em busca de soluções para problemas comuns. O presente trabalho buscou demonstrar o caminho adotado por múltiplos entes sociais que objetivam criar um consenso global acerca da responsabilidade social e ambiental. O alcance dos resultados pretendidos se delineou mediante a discussão entre o conceito de governança global e da responsabilidade social. Este trabalho pretende apresentar as ações mundiais em prol da proteção da sociedade e do meio ambiente, além de demonstrar como essas ações são construídas e estabelecidas pelas diversas partes interessadas. O estudo se desenvolveu por meio da análise de trabalhos teóricos e de discussões sobre a temática, utilizando pesquisa bibliográfica de artigos e normas nacionais e internacionais. A partir da análise da situação problema, demonstrou-se que iniciativas como a norma ISO 26000 podem contribuir para o estabelecimento da governança global, verificando que a norma estudada relaciona as ações dos diversos entes da sociedade que buscam, pela união de esforços, a solução de problemas comuns. Este artigo demonstrou como a elaboração da norma de responsabilidade social pode conter os elementos e os requisitos necessários da governança global, sendo considerada como parte também desse processo.
THE IMPLEMENTATION OF CASHLESS ZONE AS A STRATEGY TO PREVENT CORRUPTION IN INDONESIA
Authors: Khairo Fatria
Published: June 2017

There are many ways to solve the problem of corruption in Indonesia. Therefore, this paper aims to analyze the corruption prevention strategy by implementing Cashless Zone culture as one of the alternatives to prevent corruption in Indonesia, in addition to enforcing control functions over budget planning and its execution, establishing honesty, and building leadership role-model.
RECONCEPTUALIZATION OF THE INDEMNIFICATION FOR STATE FINANCIAL LOSS BY CORRUPTORS ON THE BASIS OF PROPORTIONALITY, EFFECTIVENESS, EFFICIENCY, AND FUTURE REACH
Authors: DONANDI S SUJANA
Published: June 2017

ABSTRACTIn Indonesia, the concept of indemnification for state loss by corruptor has not met the elements of proportionality, effectiveness, efficiency, and future reach. Therefore, re-conceptualization of indemnification for state loss by corruptor is necessary to confront the cunning corruptor in hiding the proceeds of corruption. The re-conceptualization can be constructed by determining remedy sanction for every legal subject sentenced guilty to corruption. The remedy sanction should not only consider the amount of money corrupted, but also the time value of the money, the budget spent to handle the case, and the potential profits obtained when the money is used well as it should be. By this sanction, the amount of money determined as remedy sanction would be proportional and would not only cover as maximum as property acquired for the result of corruption as regulated by the current regulation. In addition, by this sanction, a civil lawsuit for the properties considered as the result of corruption that could spend much money and time would be no longer necessary. Someone convicted on corruption suppose to be automatically considered did default to his promise to the state. The default could be based on his failure in acting according to his official duty or based on an agreement in business relation between the legal subject and state. Should the corruptor couldn’t pay the remedy of state loss in full or partly, the remedy should not be replaced by prison sentence, but the remedy or the difference money should be reckoned as a debt to the state loss. Thus, the debt would be attached to the corruptor and would be a lifetime responsibility for the corruptor as long as he could not pay the debt to the state. The debt even would be continued by the heirs if the corruptor were pass away. Furthermore, this concept could reach the possibility that the wealth resulted of corruption would be used in the future because under these provisions, the future wealth gained by the corruptor could be executed as a part of the extinguishment of debt without considering whether the wealth were the result of corruption or not.
Constructed wetlands and solar-driven disinfection technologies for sustainable wastewater treatment and reclamation in rural India: SWINGS project
Authors: Álvarez J. A. , Ávila C. , Otter P. , Kilian R. , Istenič D. , Rolletschek M. , Molle P. , Khalil N. , Ameršek I. , Mishra V. K. , Jorgensen C. , Garfi A. , Carvalho P. , Brix H. , Arias C. A.
Published: June 2017

SWINGS was a cooperation project between the European Union and India, aiming at implementing state of the art low-cost technologies for the treatment and reuse of domestic wastewater in rural areas of India. The largest wastewater treatment plant consists of a high-rate anaerobic system, followed by vertical and horizontal subsurface flow constructed wetlands with a treatment area of around 1,900 m2 and a final step consisting of solar-driven anodic oxidation (AO) and ultraviolet (UV) disinfection units allowing direct reuse of the treated water. The implementation and operation of two pilot plants in north (Aligarh Muslim University, AMU) and central India (Indira Gandhi National Tribal University, IGNTU) are shown in this study. The overall performance of AMU pilot plant during the first 7 months of operation showed organic matter removal efficiencies of 87% total suspended solids, 95% 5-day biological oxygen demand (BOD5) and 90% chemical oxygen demand, while Kjeldahl nitrogen removal reached 89%. The UV disinfection unit produces water for irrigation and toilet flushing with pathogenic indicator bacteria well below WHO guidelines. On the other hand, the AO disinfection unit implemented at IGNTU and operated for almost a year has been shown to produce an effluent of sufficient quality to be reused by the local population for agriculture and irrigation.
Recent Progress in 808 nm Excited Upconversion Nanomaterials as Multifunctional Nanoprobes for Visualized Theranostics in Cancers
Authors: Zeng Leyong , Wu Di , Tian Ying , Pan Yuanwei , Wu Aiguo , Zhang Jinchao , Lu Guangming
Published: May 2017

Near-infrared (NIR) light responsive nanomaterials have attracted considerable
attention due to their location in the biological window. Especially, lanthanide-doped
nanomaterials exhibit unique upconversion luminescence (UCL) properties with low
background interference and long luminescence lifetime, which makes them promising in
imaging diagnosis of cancers. Compared with traditional upconversion nanomaterials excited
by 980 nm laser, 808 nm excitation can overcome the disadvantages of high heating
effect and weak penetration depth induced by excitation source. Therefore, developing
808 nm excited upconversion nanoprobes will be important for the in vivo bio-imaging
and visualized theranostics of tumors in deep-tissue. In the review paper, we systematically
summarized the synthesis strategy and luminescence modulation of Nd3+-sensitized
upconversion nanomaterials under 808 nm excitation, discussed the influence of excitation
source on heating effect and penetration depth, and particularly focused on their applications
in UCL imaging, multi-modal imaging and imaging-guided therapy of cancers.
Heart Rate Variability Indexes in Dementia: A Systematic Review with a Quantitative Analysis
Authors: da Silva Vanessa Pereira , Ramalho Oliveira Bruno Ribeiro , Tavares Mello Roger Gomes , Moraes Helena , Deslandes Andrea Camaz , Laks Jerson
Published: May 2017

Background:

Decreased heart rate variability (HRV) indexes indicate low vagal activity and
may be associated with development of dementia. The neurodegenerative process is associated with the
cardiovascular autonomic control.

Objective:

The aim of this systematic review was to investigate the effect size (ES) magnitude of the
HRV indexes in the evaluation of autonomic dysfunction in older persons with dementia.

Methods:

PubMed (Medline), Web of Science, Scopus, Scielo, Lilacs, and APA Psycnet were consulted.
Complete original articles published in English or Portuguese, investigating the association between
autonomic dysfunction and dementia, using the HRV indexes were included.

Results:

The search identified 97 potentially relevant articles. After screening the full text, eight articles
were included in the qualitative analysis and six were included in the quantitative analysis. Almost all
indexes showed a negative ES for all types of dementia and mild cognitive impairment. The most common
frequency band of the power spectrum density function was the high frequency, which was reported
by six studies. The meta-analysis of high frequency power in Alzheimer's disease group showed
high heterogeneity and inconsistent results.

Conclusion:

The negative effect size suggests an autonomic dysfunction in all types of dementia as well
as mild cognitive impairment. However, further analysis is necessary to support these results.