bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Connecting METTL3 and intratumoural CD33+ MDSCs in predicting clinical outcome in cervical cancer
Authors: Ni Huan-he , Zhang Lin , Huang He , Dai Shu-qin , Li Jiang
Published: September 2020

Background: Methyltransferase-like 3 (METTL3) is a member of the m6A methyltransferase family and acts as an oncogene in cancers. Recent studies suggest that host innate immunity is regulated by the enzymes controlling m6A epitranscriptomic changes. Here, we aim to explore the associations between the levels of METTL3 and CD33+ myeloid-derived suppressor cells (MDSCs) in tumour tissues and the survival of patients with cervical cancer (CC).Methods: Specimens of paraffin embedded tumour from 197 CC patients were collected. The expression levels of METTL3 and CD33 were measured by immunohistochemical (IHC) staining. The clinical associations of the IHC variants were analysed by Pearson's or Spearman's chi-square tests. Overall survival (OS) and disease-free survival (DFS) were estimated by the Kaplan-Meier method and log-rank test. Hazard ratios (HRs) and independent significance were obtained via Cox proportional hazards models for multivariate analyses. METTL3 in CD33+ cells or CC-derived cells was knocked down by METTL3-specific siRNA, and MDSC induction in vitro was performed in a co-culture system in the presence of METTL3-siRNA and METTL3-knockdown-CC-derived cells compared with that of the corresponding controls.Results: We found that tumour tissues displayed increased levels of METTL3 and CD33+ MDSCs compared with tumour-adjacent tissues from the same CC patients. Importantly, METTL3 expression was positively related to the density of CD33+ cells in tumour tissues (P = 0.011). We further found that the direct CD33+CD11b+HLA-DR- MDSC induction and tumour-derived MDSC induction in vitro were decreased in the absence of METTL3. The level of METTL3 in tumour microenvironments was significantly related to advanced tumour stage. The levels of METTL3 and CD33+ MDSCs in tumour tissues were notably associated with reduced DFS or OS. Cox model analysis revealed that the level of METTL3 in tumour cells was an independent factor for patient survival, specifically for DFS (HR = 3.157, P = 0.022) and OS (HR = 3.271, P = 0.012), while the CD33+ MDSC number was an independent predictor for DFS (HR: 3.958, P = 0.031). Interestingly, in patients with advanced-disease stages (II-IV), METTL3 in tumour cells was an independent factor for DFS (HR = 6.725, P= 0.010) and OS (HR = 5.140, P= 0.021), while CD33+ MDSC density was an independent factor for OS (HR = 8.802, P = 0.037).Conclusion: Our findings suggest that CD33+ MDSC expansion is linked to high levels of METTL3 and that METTL3 and CD33+ MDSCs are independent prognostic factors in CC.
Incomplete Staging in Apparent Early Stage Ovarian Cancer; Guidelines Versus Daily Practice
Authors: Beltman Jogchum , Laven P , Bense JE , Aa Maaike van der , Vos MC , Boll D , Arts HGJ , Reesink N , Trimbos JB , Kruitwagen RFPM
Published: September 2020

Background: Incomplete surgical staging of patients with early stage epithelial ovarian cancer (EOC) has been reported in up to 85% of cases, when based on the International Federation of Obstetrics and Gynaecology (FIGO) staging procedure. The aim of the present retrospective study was to clarify the reasons for incomplete staging.Methods: The PRISMA (Prevention Recovery Information System for Monitoring and Analysis) technique was used to evaluate cases with FIGO I-IIa EOC based on incomplete staging from five gynecologic oncologic center hospitals in the Netherlands in the period 2010-2014.Results: Fifty cases with an incomplete surgical staging of EOC according to national guidelines were included. The most common reasons for incomplete staging were insufficient random biopsies of the peritoneum (n=34, 68%), and less than ten lymph nodes being resected and/or found at pathology (n=16, 32%). The most mentioned reasons for not performing biopsies were forgetting to do so, and believing that after careful inspection and palpation, taking biopsies is irrelevant and/or already are being taken while performing a hysterectomy (peritoneum of cul-de-sac, bladder). The value of contralateral pelvic lymph node dissection in case of a unilateral ovarian malignancy was also doubted, influencing the number of lymph nodes resected.Conclusions: The most important reasons for incomplete staging in EOC are, besides omitting elements by accident, questioning the importance of obligatory elements of the staging procedure. A structured list of staging steps during surgery and more evidence based consensus concerning these obligatory elements might increase the number of complete staging procedures in EOC.
SPAD Value Varies With Age and Leaf of Maize Plant and its Relationship With Grain Yield
Authors: Kandel Bishnu
Published: September 2020

Objectives: A field experiment was conducted to evaluate Soil Plant Analysis Development (SPAD) value in different age and leaf of maize hybrid and correlating with grain yield. Ten maize hybrids were replicated thricely under Randomized Complete Block Design (RCBD) during winter of 2018. SPAD value was measured by SPAD 502 Plus meter. At 30 days interval during vegetative stage SPAD measurement were taken from T1 (top most leaf) and T3 (3rd leaf from top leaf) leaves of five randomly selected plants from one plot and they were averaged. For reproductive phase data taken from eo (leaf attached to ear) and e2 (2nd leaf from eo leaf) leaves at 10 days intervals. Same leaves were used for entire data collection.Results: Significantly different SPAD value was observed for different age and leaves of maize during pre and post anthesis. SPAD value increase with increase in age and decrease at the time of maturity. During vegetative phase T3 leaves has more SPAD value than T1. During reproductive stage eo leaves had more SPAD than e2 leaves, so center leaf of maize contributes more to grain yield. Correlation showed that there is strong positive correlation between different stage of SPAD with grain yield.
Identification of key genes unique to the luminal A and basal-like breast cancer subtypes via bioinformatic analysis
Authors: Jia Rong , Li Zhongxian , Liang Wei , Ji Yucheng , Weng Yujie , Liang Ying , Ning Pengfei
Published: September 2020

Background: Breast cancer subtypes are statistically associated with prognosis. The search for markers of breast tumor heterogeneity and the development of precision medicine for patients are the current focuses of the field.Methods: We used a bioinformatic approach to identify key disease-causing genes unique to the luminal A and basal-like subtypes of breast cancer. First, we retrieved gene expression data for luminal A breast cancer, basal-like breast cancer, and normal breast tissue samples from The Cancer Genome Atlas database. The differentially expressed genes unique to the 2 breast cancer subtypes were identified and subjected to Gene Ontology and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes pathway enrichment analyses. We constructed protein–protein interaction networks of the differentially expressed genes. Finally, we analyzed the key modules of the networks, which we combined with survival data to identify the unique cancer genes associated with each breast cancer subtype.Results: We identified 1,114 differentially expressed genes in luminal A breast cancer and 1,042 differentially expressed genes in basal-like breast cancer, of which the subtypes shared 500. We observed 614 and 542 differentially expressed genes unique to luminal A and basal-like breast cancer, respectively. Through enrichment analyses, protein–protein interaction network analysis, and module mining, we identified 8 key differentially expressed genes unique to each subtype. Analysis of the gene expression data in the context of the survival data revealed that high expression of NMUR1 and NCAM1 in luminal A breast cancer statistically correlated with poor prognosis, whereas the low expression levels of CDC7, KIF18A, STIL, and CKS2 in basal-like breast cancer statistically correlated with poor prognosis.Conclusions: NMUR1 and NCAM1 are novel key disease-causing genes for luminal A breast cancer, and STIL is a novel key disease-causing gene for basal-like breast cancer. These genes are potential targets for clinical treatment.
The combined usage of Matrine and Osthole inhibited endoplasmic reticulum apoptosis induced by PCV2
Authors: Xu Yinlan , Sun Panpan , Wan Shuangxiu , Guo Jianhua , Zheng Xiaozhong , Sun Yaogui , Fan Kuohai , Yin Wei , Sun Na , Li Hongquan
Published: September 2020

Background: Porcine circovirus type 2 (PCV2) is an important and common DNA virus that infect pig and can cause immunosuppression and induce apoptosis in the infected cells. To escape the host immune system, PCV2 constantly builds up complex mechanisms or mutates genes, and that is why it is difficult to eradicate complex PCV2 infection by relying on vaccines and single compound. At present, there is few literature reports on the effective prevention and treatment of PCV2 infection by a combination of two or more compounds. Previously, we have demonstrated the anti-PCV2 effect of Matrine in vitro, but its mechanism has not been further evaluated. Literatures have proven that Osthole has a variety of pharmacological activities, and we tested the ability of Osthole to inhibit PCV2 replication in cell culture. Therefore, this study explored the synergistic antiviral effect of Matrine combined with Osthole and their synergistic anti-apoptotic mechanism.Results: Osthole alone had an anti-PCV2 effect, and then its synergistic anti-PCV2 effect of Osthole and Matrine was better than that of Matrine or Osthole alone as demonstrated by qRT-PCR, IFA and Western blotting results. The anti-apoptotic mechanism of these two compounds by inducing the PERK pathway by PCV2 was elucidated through Annexin V-FITC/PI, JC-1 and Western blotting. Matrine and Osthole combination could inhibit the expression of Cap in Cap-transfected PK-15 cells, thus inhibiting Cap-induced PERK apoptosis. Ribavirin was used as a positive control.Conclusions: The combination of Osthole and Matrine had the synergistic effect of anti-PCV2 infection by directly inhibiting the expression of PCV2 Cap protein. The combination of these two compounds also inhibited PERK apoptosis induced by PCV2 Cap protein, possibly by regulating the level of GRP78. The results formed a base for further studies on the mechanism of anti-PCV2 in vivo using Matrine and Osthole combination and developing new anti-PCV2 compounds with Cap and GRP78 as therapeutic targets.
Enset-Based land use land cover change detection and its impact on soil erosion in Meki river watershed, Western Lake Ziway Sub-Basin, Central Rift Valley of Ethiopia
Authors: Woldesenbet Alemu Beyene , Wudmatas Sebsebe Demisew , Denboba Mekuria Argaw , Gebremariam Azage Gebreyohannes
Published: September 2020

Background Water erosion, upland degradation and deforestation are key environmental problems in Meki river watershed. . The study assessed the land use land cover change (LULCC) over the last 30 years, examined the contribution of the indigenous Enset-Based land use system (EBLUS) which was not studied so far in reducing soil erosion and preventing Lake Ziway from sedimentation. Based on the outcomes, the research recommended appropriate management interventions based on priority mapped to sustainably manage the watershed. GPS based Ground truth data sampling and collection, Geo-statistical interpolation and RUSLE model were applied for soil erosion modeling. The LULCC detection and analysis was conducted to generate the spatial inputs using ERDAS Imagine 2014. Result Meki river watershed has 2110.4 km² of area which is dominantly covered by cultivated land use system (41.5%), Enset-Based land use system (EBLUS)(10.65%), Bush and Chat land use system (25.6%), Forest and plantations land use system (14.14%), built up (7.4%) and water bodies (0.75%). Severity class of High to severe range (18-125tha-1yr-1) recorded in the sub-watersheds irrespective of the land use systems and facing sever degradation problem that increase in soil loss in all land use systems from 1987 to 2017. The average soil loss of 30.5tha-1yr-1 and 31.905tha-1yr-1 verified from Enset growing zones and non-Enset growing zones of the watershed respectively.Conclusion Enset-Based land use system (EBLUS) saves significant amount of soil despite the steepness of the slopes of the Enset growing zones of the watershed. Hence, expansion of EBLUS can contribute in sustaining Lake Ziway by reducing soil loss rate and sedimentation problem for ecological sustainability of the watershed. Therefore, separate land use policy and awareness creation are mandatory for such EBLUS expansion, integrated watershed management and conservation of the natural environment in the watershed.
Identifying the determinants of health insurance coverage among Peruvian women of reproductive age: an assessment based on the national Peruvian demographic survey of 2017
Authors: Rosas Eduardo Ramos , Winkler Volker , Brenner Stephan , De Allegri Manuela
Published: September 2020

Background: Like many other Latin America- and Caribbean countries, Peru has introduced a tax-financed health insurance scheme called “Sistema Integral de Salud (SIS)” to foster progress towards Universal Health Coverage. The scheme explicitly targets the poorest sections of the population. Our study explores levels of health insurance coverage and their determinants among Peruvian women following the introduction of SIS. We wish to determine the extent to which the introduction of SIS has effectively closed gaps in insurance coverage and for whom. Methods: Relying on the 2017 round of ENDES (Encuesta Nacional Demográfica y de Salud Familiar) survey, we analyzed data for 33168 women aged 15-49. We used multinomial logistic regression to explore the association between health insurance coverage (defined as No Insurance, SIS, Standard Insurance) and women’s socio-demographic and economic characteristics. Results: Out of the 33168 women, 25.3% did not have any insurance coverage, 45.5% were covered by SIS and 29.2% were covered by a Standard Insurance scheme. Women in the SIS group were found to have lower educational levels, live in rural areas and more likely to be poorer. Women in the Standard insurance group were found to be more educated, more likely to be “Spanish”, and to be wealthier. Most uninsured women appeared to belong to a middle class, not poor enough to be eligible for SIS, but also not eligible for standard insurance. Conclusions: Our study confirms that SIS has been effective in increasing coverage among vulnerable women, with coverage rates comparable with those observed among men. Nevertheless, on its own, it has proven to be insufficient to ensure universal coverage among women. Further reforms are needed to ensure that coverage is extended to all population groups.
An Outbreak of Gastroenteritis Associated with a Novel GII.8 Sapovirus Variant-Transmitted by Vomit in Shenzhen, China, 2019
Authors: Yan Yuxiao , Li Yuan , Wen Shi , Kong Xiangyu , LI Huiying , Zhang Qing , Pang Lili , Jiang Li , Liu Junying , Jin Miao , Li Yuning , Duan Zhaojun
Published: September 2020

Human Sapoviruses (SaVs) has been reported as one of the causative agents of acute gastroenteritis (AGE) worldwide. We investigated an outbreak of SaVs that affected 482 students of a primary school during spring activities from 24th February to 11th March 2019 in Shenzhen city, China. The single factor analysis showed that the students which saw others vomiting in classroom or playground, saw vomitus less than 1.5 meters are susceptible (P < 0.05). Seven of eleven fecal samples from patients were positive for GII.8 SaV genotype. In this study, we obtained the genome sequence of a SaV GII.8 strain SZ08 comprehensively analyzed the genetic diversity. The phylogenetic analysis showed that the GII.8 strain SZ08 formed an independent branch and became a novel variant of GII.8 genotype.Strain SZ08 introduced 11 specific amino acid mutations compared with cluster A-D in full-length VP1. Our study confirmed that constant surveillance will permit the identification of the SaVs genetic diversity as well as an understanding of the evolution of SaVs.
Von Willebrand Factor:Antigen And Adamts-13 Level, But Not Soluble P-Selectin, Are Risk Factors For The First Asymptomatic Deep Vein Thrombosis In Cancer Patients Undergoing Chemotherapy
Authors: Setiawan Budi , Permatadewi Cecilia Oktaria , de Samakto Baringin , Bugis Ashar , Naibaho Ridho M. , Pangarsa Eko Adhi , Santosa Damai , Suharti Catharina
Published: September 2020

BackgroundThere is a high incidence of deep vein thrombosis (DVT) among cancer patients undergoing chemotherapy. Chemotherapy-induced vascular endothelial cell activation (VECA) is characterized by increased plasma levels of von Willebrand factor (vWF) and soluble P-selectin (sP-selectin), leading to the activation of endothelial cells and signaling cascades. The biological role of a disintegrin-like and metalloproteinase with thrombospondin type 1 motif, member 13 (ADAMTS-13) is to control the activity of vWF and consequently the risk of thrombosis. The objective of this study was to investigate the roles of sP-selectin, vWF, and ADAMTS-13 as risk factors for the first episode of DVT in cancer patients undergoing chemotherapy.MethodsThis prospective cohort study was conducted at Dr. Kariadi Hospital, Indonesia, on 40 cancer patients. Prechemotherapy (baseline) and postchemotherapy sP-selectin, vWF antigen (vWF:Ag), and ADAMTS-13 plasma levels were determined with ELISAs before and 3 months after chemotherapy. The clinical characteristics of the patients, cancer type, cancer stage, chemotherapy regimen, ABO blood type, D-dimer level and Khorana risk score were also analyzed using logistic regression. Patients were observed for the possibility of developing DVT during chemotherapy.ResultsDVT was confirmed in 5 patients (12.5%) after a period of 3 months. In patients with DVT, sP-selectin and vWF were significantly higher while ADAMTS-13 was lower than in their counterparts. The levels of baseline vWF:Ag and ADAMTS-13, with cut-off points ≥ 2.35 IU/mL and ≤ 1.03 IU/mL, respectively, were found to independently predict the incidence of DVT. In the multivariate logistic regression analysis, the relative risk (RR) for DVT in patients with high vWF:Ag was 3.80 (95% CI 1.15-12.48, p=0.028), and that for patients with low ADAMTS-13 was 2.67 (95% CI 1.22-23.82, p=0.005). The vWF:Ag/ADAMTS-13 ratio and both vWF:Ag and ADAMTS-13 dynamics during treatment were also able to differentiate those with prospective DVT. However, sP-selectin and other covariates showed no statistical significance. ConclusionPrechemotherapy plasma levels of vWF:Ag ≥ 2.35 IU/mL and ADAMTS-13 ≤ 1.03 IU/mL are independent risk factors for DVT incidence.
MtNIP5;1, a novel Medicago truncatula boron diffusion facilitator induced under deficiency
Authors: Granado-Rodríguez Sara , Bolaños Luis , Reguera Maria
Published: September 2020

Background: Boron (B) deficiency or toxicity in soils can cause the inhibition of growth and an altered development in plants. In such conditions, the participation of two distinct protein families (the aquaporin family Major intrinsic proteins (MIPs) and the Boron transporter family BOR) is required to minimize detrimental effects caused by B stress. Legumes comprise important crops that offer major agronomic benefits, including the capacity of establishing symbiosis with rhizobia fixing atmospheric N2 and for being important food protein sources. It has been proven that legumes are susceptible to B stress, which leads to important yield penalties. However, little is known about the transport mechanisms responsible for B uptake and distribution in legumes, especially under deficiency.Results: A Medicago truncatula protein, MtNIP5;1 (Medtr1g097840) (homologous to the Arabidopsis thaliana AtNIP5;1) was identified as a novel legume B transporter involved in B uptake under deficiency. Further analyses revealed that this M. truncatula aquaporin expression was boron-regulated in roots, being induced under deficiency and repressed under toxicity. It localizes at the plasma membrane of root epidermal cells and in nodules, where B plays pivotal roles in symbiosis. Furthermore, a partial complementation of the nip5;1 A. thaliana mutant phenotype under B deficiency supports a functional role of MtNIP5;1 as a B transporter in this legume model plant. Conclusions: The results here presented support a functional role of MtNIP5;1 in B uptake under deficiency and provides new insights into this micronutrient transport mechanisms in legume species.
Impact of Combined Training with Different Exercise Intensities on Inflammatory and Lipid Markers in Type 2 Diabetes: A Secondary Analysis from a 1-year Randomized Controlled Trial
Authors: Magalhães João P. , Santos Diana A. , Correia Inês R. , Hetherington-Rauth Megan , Ribeiro Rogério , Raposo João F. , Matos Andreia , Bicho Manuel D. , Sardinha Luís B.
Published: September 2020

Background: Exercise is a well-accepted strategy to improve lipid and inflammatory profile in individuals with type 2 diabetes (T2DM). However, the exercise intensity having the most benefits on lipids and inflammatory markers in patients with T2DM remains unclear. We aimed to analyse the impact of a 1-year combined high-intensity interval training (HIIT) with resistance training (RT), and a moderate continuous training (MCT) with RT on inflammatory and lipid profile in individuals with T2DM.Methods: Individuals with T2DM (n=80, aged 59 years) performed a 1-year randomized controlled trial and were randomized into three groups (control, n= 27; HIIT with RT, n=25; MCT with RT, n=28). Exercise sessions were supervised with a frequency of 3 days per week. Inflammatory and lipid profiles were measured at baseline and at 1-year follow-up. Changes in inflammatory and lipid markers were assessed using generalized estimating equations. Results: After adjusting for sex, age and baseline moderate-to-vigorous physical activity (MVPA), we observed a time-by-group interaction for Interleukin-6 (IL-6) in both the MCT with RT (β=-0.70, p=0.034) and HIIT with RT (β=-0.62, p=0.049) groups, whereas, only the HIIT with RT group improved total cholesterol (β=-0.03, p=0.045) and LDL-C (β=-0.03, p=0.034), when compared to control. No effect was observed for C-reactive protein (CRP), cortisol, tumour necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), soluble form of the haptoglobin-hemoglobin receptor CD163 (sCD163), triglycerides and HDL-C in both groups (p>0.05).Conclusions: Favorable adaptations on IL-6 were observed in both the HIIT and MCT combined with RT groups following a long-term 1-year exercise intervention in individuals with T2DM. However, only the HIIT with RT prevented further derangement of total cholesterol and LDL-C, when compared to the control group. Therefore, in order to encourage exercise participation and improve inflammatory profile, either exercise protocols may be prescribed, however, HIIT with RT may have further benefits on the lipid profile.Trial registration: clinicaltrials.gov ID:NCT03144505
Reflecting on the Challenges encountered by nurses at the great Kermanshah Earthquake: A qualitative study 
Authors: Abdi Alireza , -Raygani Aliakbar Vaisi , Najafi Bahareh , saidi Hamid , moradi khalil
Published: September 2020

Background: Iran has experienced an increasing number of earthquake disasters in the past three decades. Nurses are the largest group of healthcare providers that play an important role in responding to disasters. Therefore, this study aimed to explore the nursing challenges to provide care to the injured in the Kermanshah earthquake, Iran. Methods: The present study was conducted as a qualitative conventional content analysis, and data collection was carried out through 16 semi‑structured and in‑depth interviews with the nurses involved in providing care to the injured in the Kermanshah earthquake. The data were analyzed following Graneheim and Lundman’s approach.Results: Data analysis led to the emergence of 453 primary codes, 14 subcategories, and 5 categories. The five categories were as follows: (a) organizational and managerial challenges; (b) human resources; (c) infrastructure; (d) educational system; (e) and ethical.Conclusion: The results of this study showed that nurses faced several challenges in providing care to earthquake victims. Based on these findings, better educational management and planning, infrastructure reform, and establishment of a crisis nursing national team seem necessary.
Carboxymethyl chitosan reduces inflammation and promotes osteogenesis in a rabbit knee replacement model
Authors: Liu Feng , Li Hai-yan , Wang Zhen , Zhang Hai-ning , Wang Ying-zhen , Xu Hao
Published: September 2020

Background: The major causes of failure after total knee arthroplasty (TKA) include prosthesis loosening and infection. This study aimed to investigate the role of carboxymethyl chitosan (CMC) in knee arthroplasty. Methods: A total of 20 New Zealand white rabbits that were divided into two groups (10 in the control group and 10 in the chitosan group) were included in the study. They underwent TKA surgery, and all were implanted with titanium rod prostheses; the prosthesis in the chitosan group was coated with CMC. After 12 weeks, all rabbits were euthanized, and the following analyses of some specific surface membrane tissues around the prosthesis were performed: X-ray analysis; micro-computed tomography scan; haematoxylin and eosin, Van Gieson, and Von Kossa staining; reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction; and Western Blotting. Results: The result of CCK8 test showed CMC can promote cell proliferation and increase cell viability. Radiological result showed better amount of bone deposits and more bone formation in the chitosan group. HE staining result showed CMC reduces inflammation around the prosthesis. The VG and Von Kossa staining results showed CMC can promote bone deposition around prosthesis. And according to the results of PCR and WB, the OCN content was higher in the chitosan group, while the MMPs content was lower. The chitosan group has an increased OPG/RANKL ratio than the control group.Conclusion: CMC can effectively inhibit the inflammatory response around the prosthesis and osteoclast activation and promote osteogenesis by interfering with the osteoprotegerin/receptor activator of nuclear factor kappa-Β ligand/receptor activator of nuclear factor kappa-Β signalling pathway.
A comparison of different lipid extraction methods for different tissue types of Arabidopsis thaliana
Authors: Kehelpannala Cheka , Rupasinghe Thusitha Wasantha Thilaka , Hennessy Thomas , Bradley David , Ebert Berit , Roessner Ute
Published: September 2020

Background: The plant lipidome is highly complex, and the composition of lipids in different tissues as well as their specific functions in plant development, growth and stress responses have yet to be fully elucidated. To do this, efficient lipid extraction protocols which deliver target compounds in solution at concentrations adequate for subsequent detection, quantitation and analysis through spectroscopic methods are required. To date, numerous methods are used to extract lipids from plant tissues. However, a comprehensive analysis of the efficiency and reproducibility of these methods to extract multiple lipid classes from diverse tissues of a plant has not been undertaken. Results: In this study, we report the comparison of four different lipid extraction procedures in order to determine the most effective lipid extraction protocol to extract lipids from different tissues of the model plant Arabidopsis thaliana. Conclusion: While particular methods were best suited to extract different lipid classes from diverse Arabidopsis tissues, overall a single-step extraction method with a 24 h extraction period, which uses a mixture of chloroform, isopropanol, methanol and water, was the most efficient, reproducible and the least labor-intensive to extract a broad range of lipids for untargeted lipidomic analysis of Arabidopsis tissues. This method extracted a broad range of lipids from leaves, stems, siliques, roots, seeds, seedlings and flowers of Arabidopsis. In addition, appropriate methods for targeted lipid analysis of specific lipids from particular Arabidopsis tissues were also identified.
Treatment-related damage in elderly-onset ANCA associated vasculitis: Safety outcome analysis of two nationwide prospective cohort studies
Authors: Sada Ken-ei , Ohashi Keiji , Asano Yosuke , Hayashi Keigo , Morishita Michiko , Watanabe Haruki , Matsumoto Yoshinori , Fujimoto Shouichi , Takasaki Yoshinari , Yamagata Kunihiro , Banno Shogo , Dobashi Hiroaki , Amano Koichi , Harigai Masayoshi , Arimura Yoshihiro , Makino Hirofumi
Published: September 2020

Background: It is not elucidated that treatment-related damage in elderly patients with antineutrophil cytoplasmic antibody (ANCA)–associated vasculitis (AAV). Methods: Elderly (≥75 years of age) patients were enrolled from two nationwide prospective inception cohort studies. The primary outcome was 12-month treatment-related Vasculitis Damage Index (VDI) score. Secondary outcomes included serious infections within 6 months, total VDI score, remission, and relapse. Patient characteristics and outcomes were compared across three different initial glucocorticoid (GC) dose groups: high-dose, prednisolone (PSL) ≥ 0.8 mg/kg/day; medium-dose, 0.6 ≤ PSL < 0.8 mg/kg/day; and low-dose, PSL < 0.6 mg/kg/day. Results: Of the 179 eligible patients, the mean age was 80.0 years; 111 (62%) were female. The mean Birmingham Vasculitis Activity Score was 16.1. Myeloperoxidase-ANCA findings were positive in 168 (94%) patients, while proteinase3-ANCA findings were positive in 11 (6%). The low-dose group was older and had higher serum creatinine levels than the other groups. There were no statistically significant intergroup differences in remission or relapse, whereas serious infection developed more frequently in the high-dose (29 patients [43%]) than the low-dose (13 patients [22%]) or medium-dose (10 patients [19%]) groups (p = 0.0007). Frequent VDI items at 12 months included hypertension (19%), diabetes (13%), atrophy and weakness (13%), osteoporosis (8%), and cataracts (8%). Logistic regression analysis revealed that GC dose at 12 months (odds ratio, 1.14; 95% confidence interval, 1.00–1.35) was a predictor for diabetes.Conclusion: A reduced initial GC dose with rapid reduction might be required to ensure the safe treatment of elderly AAV patients.
Safely reducing haemodialysis frequency during the COVID-19 pandemic
Authors: Lodge Michelle da Silva , Abeygunaratne Thilini , Alderson Helen , Ali Ibrahim , Brown Nina , Chrysochou Constantina , Donne Rosie , Erekosima Ibi , Evans Philip , Flanagan Emma , Gray Simon , Green Darren , Hegarty Janet , Hyde Audrey , Kalra Philip A , Lamerton Elizabeth , Lewis David , Middleton Rachel , New David , Nipah Robert , O’Donoghue Donal , O’Riordan Edmond , Poulikakos Dimitrios , Rainone Francesco , Raman Maharajan , Ritchie James , Sinha Smeeta , Wood Grahame , Tollitt James
Published: September 2020

Background:Patients undergoing haemodialysis (HD) are at higher risk of developing worse outcomes if they contract COVID-19. In our renal service we reduced HD frequency from thrice to twice-weekly in selected patients with the primary aim of reducing COVID 19 exposure and transmission between HD patients.Methods:Dialysis unit nephrologists identified 166 suitable patients (38.4% of our HD population) to temporarily convert to twice-weekly haemodialysis immediately prior to the peak of the COVID-19 pandemic in our area. Changes in pre-dialysis weight, systolic blood pressure (SBP) and biochemistry were recorded weekly throughout the 4-week project. Hyperkalaemic patients (serum potassium > 6.0mmol/L) were treated with a potassium binder, sodium bicarbonate and received responsive dietary advice.Results:There were 12 deaths (5 due to COVID-19) in the HD population, 6 of which were in the twice weekly HD group; no deaths were associated with change of dialysis protocol. A further 19 patients were either hospitalised and/or developed COVID-19 and thus transferred back to thrice weekly dialysis as per protocol. Of 141 eligible patients 113 (80.1%) were still receiving twice-weekly HD by the end of the 4-week project. Indications for transfer back to thrice weekly were; fluid overload (19), persistent hyperkalaemia (4), patient request (4) and compliance (1). There were statistically significant increases in SBP and pre-dialysis potassium during the project. Conclusions:Short term conversion of a large but selected HD population to twice-weekly dialysis sessions was possible and safe. This approach could help mitigate COVID-19 transmission amongst dialysis patients in centres with similar organisational pressures.
Large autologous ilium with periosteum for tibiotalar joint reconstruction in Rüedi-Allgöwer III or AO/OTA type C3 pilon fractures. A pilot study
Authors: Li Dong , Li Jiao Jiao , Zhu Yuanyuan , Hou Fushan , Li Yuan , Zhao Bin , wang bin
Published: September 2020

Background: Management of Rüedi-Allgöwer III or AO/OTA type C3 pilon fracture presents numerous challenges to the orthopaedic surgeon. A joint preservation technique using a large autologous ilium with periosteum in combination with internal implant fixation was reported to improve the outcome of reconstruction. Methods: Twenty-five patients according to Tscherne/Oestern FxCO-I closed fracture and FxOI open fractures classification after Rüedi-Allgöwer III or AO/OTA type C3 pilon fracture received a large autologous ilium with periosteum for tibiotalar joint reconstruction and open reduction and internal fixation (ORIF), between March 2015 and September 2018. The visual analog scale (VAS), American Orthopaedic Foot & Ankle Society (AOFAS) score, and Burwell and Charnley criteria were used for outcome analysis. Results: Twenty patients with an average age of 45.2 years were followed for an average of 18.3 months. The VAS and AOFAS scores, and Burwell and Charnley ratings were recorded at the last follow-up after reconstructive surgery. Two patients developed redness and swelling at the wound site, but recovered after local care and dressing changes. No patient displayed deep surgical site infection, donor site complication, non-union or local complication during the final follow-up. The average bone union time was 18.3 months (range 3-36). Conclusions: Large autologous ilium with periosteum in combination with ORIF can be performed for tibiotalar joint reconstruction. This experimental procedure reduces the risk of post-operative complications following articular reconstruction for Rüedi-Allgöwer III or AO/OTA type C3 pilon fractures in short follow-up.Level of Evidence: Level III, retrospective cohort study
Molecular characteristics of rotavirus genotypes circulating in the south of Benin, 2016-2018
Authors: Agbla Jijoho Michel , Esona Mathew D , Agbankpé Alidéhou Jerrold , Capo-Chichi Annick , Gautam Rashi , Dougnon Tamègnon Victorien , Razack Osseni , Bowen Michael D , Bankolé Honoré Sourou
Published: September 2020

Objective: Rotavirus remains the main causative agent of gastroenteritis in young children in countries that have not yet introduced the vaccine. In Benin, rotavirus vaccine was introduced late December 2019 into the EPI. This study aims to provide pre-vaccination era rotavirus genotyping data in Benin. These data can supplement data from the surveillance system of Ministry of Health of Benin which is supported by the World Health Organization (WHO).Results: Of the 420 diarrheal stool samples, actively collected in southern Benin from July 2016 through November 2018 from children under five years old and suffering from gastroenteritis, 167 (39.8%) samples were rotavirus EIA positive. 186 (44.3%) samples contained amplifiable rotavirus RNA detected by qRT-PCR method and were genotyped using one-step RT-PCR multiplex genotyping method. G1P[8] represents the predominant genotype (32%) followed by the G2P[4] (26%), G3P[6] (16%), G12P[8] (13%) and mixed G and P types (1%). Four samples (2%) could not be assigned both G and P type speciﬁcity.
IFITM3 Regulates NCAPG Through Phosphorylation to Influence the Invasion and Metastasis of HCC
Authors: Liu Weiwei , Zhang Rongguiyi , Li Enliang , Wu Linquan , Wang Jiakun
Published: September 2020

Background: Several studies have demonstrated that the expression of IFITM3 and NCAPG is closely related to the prognosis of various tumors. However, the mechanism of action of these two is not yet clear. In this study, we have explored the mechanism of action of IFITM3 and NCAPG in the promotion of the invasion and metastasis of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). Methods: Specimens of liver cancer and adjacent tissues from 55 HCC patients at the Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University were collected, and the expression of NCAPG and IFITM3 was determined by qRT-PCR and Western blot. Through the analysis of multiple databases, the relationship between IFITM3 and NCAPG was identified and verified by the CO-IP method. Using SiRNA and plasmids to downregulate and up-regulate IFITM3, we observed the expression of STAT3/CDK1, as well as NCAPG mRNA and protein. After downregulating and up-regulating the expression of IFITM3 and NCAPG, the ability of HCC cells to invade and metastasize was determined using a scratch test and Transwell. After using pathway inhibitors and activators, the expression of NCAPG was observed.Results: According to the database, both IFITM3 and NCAPG were highly expressed in Liver hepatocellular carcinoma. We also confirmed that IFITM3 and NCAPG were up-regulated in HCC tissues and cells. Furthermore, the bioinformatics analysis and CO-IP indicated that there was protein interaction between IFITM3 and NCAPG, and that IFITM3 could regulate NCAPG by phosphorylating it. We further confirmed our observations by retrospective experiments. Reuse of pathway inhibitors and activators indicated that IFITM3 could regulate NCAPG through STAT3/CDK1 to promote the invasion and metastasis of HCC. Finally, animal experiments confirmed that our results were also reproducible in vivo. Conclusion: IFITM3 can regulate NCAPG through STAT3/CDK1 to promote the invasion and metastasis of HCC.
Acute skeletal muscle wasting and dysfunction predict physical disability at hospital discharge in patients with critical illness
Authors: Mayer Kirby P. , Bastin Melissa L. Thompson , Montgomery-Yates Ashley A. , Pastva Amy M. , Dupont-Versteegden Esther E. , Parry Selina M. , Morris Peter E
Published: September 2020

Background: Patients surviving critical illness develop muscle weakness and impairments in physical function, however, the relationship between early skeletal muscle dysfunction and physical function at hospital discharge remains unclear. The primary purpose of this study was to determine if changes in muscle size, strength and power assessed in the intensive care unit (ICU) predict physical function at hospital discharge. Methods: Study design is a single-center, prospective, observational study in patients admitted to the medicine or cardiothoracic ICU with diagnosis of sepsis or acute respiratory failure. Rectus femoris (RF) and tibialis anterior (TA) muscle ultrasound images were obtained day one of ICU admission, repeated serially and assessed for muscle cross-sectional area (CSA), layer thickness (mT), and echointensity (EI). Muscle strength, as measured by Medical Research Council-sum score, and muscle power (lower-extremity leg-press) were assessed prior to ICU discharge. Physical function was assessed with performance on 5-times sit-to-stand (5STS) at hospital discharge.Results: Forty-one patients with median age of 61 years (IQR 55-68), 56% male, and sequential organ failure assessment score of 8.1 ± 4.8 were enrolled. RF muscle CSA decreased significantly a median percent change of 18.5% from day 1 to 7 (F = 26.6, p = 0.0253). RF EI increased at a mean percent change of 10.5 ± 21% in the first 7 days (F = 3.28, p = 0.081). At hospital discharge 25.7% of patients (9/35) met criteria for ICU-acquired weakness. Change in RF EI in first 7 days of ICU admission and muscle power measured prior to ICU were strong predictors of ICU-AW at hospital discharge (AUC = 0.912). Muscle power at ICU discharge, age and ICU length of stay were predictive of performance on 5STS at hospital discharge.Conclusion: ICU-assessed muscle dysfunction is a predictor of physical disability at hospital discharge in patients surviving critical illness.
Improving mobility and participation of older people with vertigo, dizziness and balance disorders in primary care using a care pathway: feasibility study and process evaluation
Authors: Seckler Eva , Regauer Verena , Krüger Melanie , Gabriel Anna , Hermsdörfer Joachim , Niemietz Carolin , Bauer Petra , Müller Martin
Published: September 2020

BackgroundCommunity-dwelling older people are frequently affected by vertigo, dizziness and balance disorders (VDB). We previously developed a Care Pathway (CPW) to improve their mobility and participation by offering standardised approaches for general practitioners (GPs) and physical therapists (PTs). We aimed to assess the feasibility of the intervention, its implementation strategy and the study procedures in preparation for the subsequent main trial.MethodsThis 12-week prospective cohort feasibility study was accompanied by a process evaluation designed according to the UK Medical Research Council’s guidance for developing and evaluating complex interventions. Patients with VDB (≥ 65 years), GPs and PTs in primary care were included. Intervention consisted of a diagnostic screening checklist for GPs and a guide for PTs. Implementation strategy contained specific educational trainings and a telephone helpline. Data for mixed-method process evaluation was collected via standardised questionnaires, field notes and qualitative interviews. Quantitative data were analysed using descriptive statistics, qualitative data via content analysis.ResultsA total of five GP practices (seven single GPs), 10 PT practices and 22 patients were included in the study. The recruitment of GPs and patients was challenging (response rate GP practices: 27,8%; PT practices: 38,5%). 91% of patients and all health professionals completed the study. The health professionals responded well to the educational trainings, the utilization of the telephone helpline was low (one call each from GPs and PTs). Routine in the intervention’s application and positive attitudes were emphasised as facilitators for the interventions’ implementation, whereas lack of time was mentioned as a barrier. Despite of difficulties in GPs’ adherence to intervention protocol, GPs, PTs and patients benefited from the intervention. The patients’ treatment adherence to physical therapy was good. There were minor issues in data collection, but no unintended consequences.ConclusionAlthough the process evaluation provides good support for the feasibility of study procedures, the intervention and its implementation strategy, we identified a need of improvement in recruitment, the GPs’ intervention part and data collection procedures. Findings will inform the main trial to prove the interventions effectiveness in a cluster RCT.Trial registrationDeutsches Register Klinischer Studien (German Clinical Trials Register) DRKS00022918, date of registration: 03.09.2020 (retrospectively registered); Projektdatenbank Versorgungsforschung Deutschland (German registry Health Services Research) VfD_MobilE-PHY_17_003910, date of registration: 30.11.2017
LDL-C/HDL-C is associated with ischaemic stroke in patients with non-valvular atrial fibrillation: a case-control study
Authors: Zhang Xiao-Xue , Wei Meng , Shang Lu-Xiang , Lu Yan-Mei , Zhang Ling , Li Yao-Dong , Zhang Jiang-Hua , Xing Qiang , Tu-Erhong Zu Kela , Tang Bao-Peng , Zhou Xian-Hui
Published: September 2020

Background: This study explored the relationships between the low-/high-density lipoprotein cholesterol ratio (LDL-C/HDL-C) and other clinical indicators and ischaemic stroke (IS) in patients with non-valvular atrial fibrillation (NVAF) in Xinjiang. The findings could provide a theoretical and therapeutic basis for NVAF patients.Methods: NVAF patients who were admitted to 10 medical centres across Xinjiang were divided into stroke (798 patients) and control (2671 patients) groups according to the occurrence of first acute IS occurred. Univariate and multivariate logistic regression analysis were used to examine the independent risk factors for IS in NVAF patients. Factor analysis and principal component regression analysis were used to analyse the main factors influencing IS. Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve analysis was used to evaluate the discriminatory ability of LDL-C/HDL-C for predicting the occurrence of IS.Results: The stroke group had an average age of 71.64 ± 9.96 years and included 305 females (38.22%). The control group had a mean age of 67.30 ± 12.01 years and included 825 females (30.89%). Multivariate logistic regression showed that the risk of IS in the highest LDL-C/HDL-C quartile ( ≥2.73) was 16.23-fold that of the lowest quartile ( < 1.22); IS risk was 2.27-fold higher in obese patients than in normal-weight subjects; IS risk was 3.15-fold higher in smoking patients than in non-smoking patients. The area under the ROC curve of LDL-C/HDL-C was 0.76, the optimal critical value was 2.33, the sensitivity was 63.53%, and the specificity was 76.34%. Principal component regression analysis showed that LDL-C/HDL-C, age, smoking, drinking, LDL-C and hypertension were risk factors for IS in NVAF patients.Conclusions: LDL-C/HDL-C >1.22, smoking, BMI ≥24 kg/m2 and CHA2DS2-VASc score were independent risk factors for IS in NVAF patients; LDL-C/HDL-C was the main risk factor.
Concentrations of Estradiol, Progesterone and Testosterone in Serum and Cerebrospinal Fluid of Patients with Aneurysmal Subarachnoid Hemorrhage Correlate Weakly with Transcranial Doppler Flow Velocities
Authors: Martin Jan , Plank Eva , Ulm Bernhard , Gempt Jens , Wostrack Maria , Jungwirth Bettina , Kagerbauer Simone Maria
Published: September 2020

Background:The implication of the steroids estradiol, progesterone and testosterone in cerebral vasospasm after aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage (aSAH) has not been comprehensively assessed. In rodents, studies suggested beneficial effects of steroids on cerebral vasospasm after experimental SAH. Studies in humans are warranted, however, a general dilemma of human studies on neuroactive substances is that the brain is not directly accessible and that concentrations in the periphery may not adequately parallel concentrations in the central compartments. In the present study, concentrations of estradiol, progesterone and testosterone in serum and cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) of patients with aSAH were determined. Blood flow velocities in cerebral arteries were measured by transcranial Doppler sonography (TCD). The aim of this study was to evaluate the correlations between the cerebral blood flow velocities and levels of estradiol, progesterone and testosterone in CSF and serum.Results:Samples of serum and CSF of 42 patients with aSAH were collected concomitantly daily or every other day via the arterial line and the external ventricular drainage for two weeks after the hemorrhage. Blood flow velocities in the cerebral arteries were determined by TCD. Total estradiol, progesterone and testosterone concentrations were measured by electro-chemiluminescence immunoassay. The strength of correlation was assessed by Spearman’s rank correlation coefficient. The correlation analysis revealed very weak correlations between cerebral blood flow velocities and concentrations of estradiol, progesterone and testosterone levels in both compartments with correlation coefficients below 0.2.Conclusions:In humans with aSAH, merely very weak correlations between flow velocities of cerebral arteries and concentrations of estradiol, progesterone and testosterone in serum and CSF were demonstrated. The relevance of steroids on cerebral vasospasm in humans remains unclear although beneficial effects were described in rodent studies. Pathways leading to neurological deterioration linked and unlinked to cerebral vasospasm remain complex and possibly interrelated. Thus, the implication of steroids in cerebral vasospasm or other processes of neurological deterioration warrants further clarification.