bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
ChemInform Abstract: SYNTHESIS AND SPECTROSCOPIC STUDY OF A TRANSITION METAL‐SUBSTITUTED PHOSPHORANE: 2‐PENTACARBONYLMANGANESE‐2,2′‐SPIROBI(1,3,2‐BENZODIOXAPHOSPHOLE)
Authors: LATTMAN M. , ANAND B. N. , GARRETT D. R. , WHITENER M. A.
Published: May 2016

Die Titelverbindung (II) entsteht durch die Umsetzung des Chloro‐Analogen (I) mit dem aus Decacarbonyldimangan durch Na‐amalgam‐Reduktion erzeugten Na‐pentacarbonylmanganat.
ChemInform Abstract: THE SYNTHESIS AND CHARACTERIZATION OF NI(P(OPH)3)2(SN3).2H2O, (SULFUR TRINITRIDE)BIS(TRIPHENYL PHOSPHITE)NICKEL(II) DIHYDRATE
Authors: BHATTACHARYYA A. A. , TURNER A. G.
Published: May 2016

Tetrakis‐[triphenylphosphit]‐Ni in Benzol reagiert mit überschüssigem S4N4 zu dem diamagnetischen, quadratisch‐planaren Ni(II)‐Titelkomplex mit N,N‐gebundenem SN3‐Dianion (Ausb. 53%).
ChemInform Abstract: REACTIONS OF DIAMINOSULFANES WITH COPPER(II) SALTS
Authors: GONZALEZ G. , DIAZ C. , COPAJA S.
Published: May 2016

Die Reaktionen der Sulfane (I) mit [Cu(H2O)6](ClO4), in Acetonitril und mit CuCl2 ° 2 H2O in Ethanol liefern die Cu(I)‐Verbindungen (II) bzw. (IV) und S02.
ChemInform Abstract: STEREOCHEMICAL INVERSION IN THE SUBSTITUTION REACTIONS OF DICHLOROETHYLENEDIAMINE‐N,N′‐DI‐S‐α‐PROPIONATORHODATE(III) ION
Authors: SHERIDAN M. E. F. , JUN M.‐J. , LIU C. F.
Published: May 2016

CD‐spektroskopische Untersuchungen bestätigen, daß die Substitutionsreaktion des A‐cis‐β‐Isomeren (III) des Titelkomplexes mit Aminosäure unter vollständiger Isomerisierung zu dem A‐cis‐oz‐Produkt (II) erfolgt, während diese Reaktion des A‐cis‐a‐Isomeren (I) unter Retention der Kon?gu‐ 135 ration verläuft.
ChemInform Abstract: TRANSITION METAL COMPLEXES WITH NITRONYLNITROXYL RADICAL LIGANDS
Authors: SCHWARZHANS K. E. , STUEFER A.
Published: May 2016

Das nach bekannter Methode erhaltene Bis‐[hydroxylamino]‐2,3‐dimethylbutanhydrogensulfat reagiert mit den o‐, m‐ und p‐Pyridinaldehyden zu den stabilen freien Radikalen (I), die als Liganden zur Synthese von Komplexverbindungen eingesetzt werden.
ChemInform Abstract: A NEW SYNTHESIS OF BRASSINO STEROIDS: PLANT GROWTH PROMOTING STEROIDS
Authors: ANASTASIA M. , CIUFFREDA P. , FIECCHI A.
Published: May 2016

Die Synthese der stereoisomeren Tetrahydroxysteroide (X) wird beschrieben.
ChemInform Abstract: REACTION OF AN α,β‐UNSATURATED NITRO COMPOUND WITH LITHIUM DIMETHYLCUPRATE. A NOVEL SYNTHESIS OF A 3α,5α‐CYCLOSTEROID
Authors: STIVER S. , YATES P.
Published: May 2016

Das Acetoxy‐nitro‐cholesten (I) reagiert mit überschüssigem Lithiumdimethylcuprat zum (E)‐Oxim (II) und zu weiteren Verbindungen, z.B. (III), von denen (II) in einer Beckmann‐Umlagerung das Cycloazahomocholestanon (IV) ergibt.
ChemInform Abstract: SYNTHESIS OF AMYLOSTATIN (XG), α‐GLUCOSIDASE INHIBITOR WITH BASIC PSEUDOTRISACCHARIDE STRUCTURE
Authors: SAKAIRI N. , KUZUHARA H.
Published: May 2016

Die bezüglich ihrer Herstellung ausführlich beschriebenen Bausteine (I) und (II) werden zur Synthese von Amylostatin (XG) (IIIb) herangezogen.
ChemInform Abstract: SYNTHESIS OF PEPTIDE ALKALOIDS. PART 8. TOTAL SYNTHESIS OF MUCRONIN B
Authors: SCHMIDT U. , SCHANBACHER U.
Published: May 2016

Die Synthese des Titel‐peptidalkaloids (VI) erfolgt ausgehend von der Dehydroaminosäure (I) sukzessiv über die angegebenen Stufen.
ChemInform Abstract: MEZLOCILLIN: A PENICILLIN FROM THE ACYLUREIDO SERIES. SYNTHESIS AND CHEMICAL PROPERTIES
Authors: KOENIG H.‐B. + , METZGER K. G. , OFFE H.‐A. , SCHROECK W. +
Published: May 2016

Durch Acylierung von Ampicillin (II) mit dem Chlorcarbonylimidazolidinon (Ic) erhält man die Mezlocillinsäure (IIIa), aus der das Mezlocillin‐natrium‐ Salz (IIIb) hergestellt wird.
Exploration of a Library of 3,4‐(Methylenedioxy)aniline‐Derived Semicarbazones as Dual Inhibitors of Monoamine Oxidase and Acetylcholinesterase: Design, Synthesis, and Evaluation
Authors: Tripathi Rati K. P. , Rai Gopal K. , Ayyannan Senthil R.
Published: May 2016

A library of 3,4‐(methylenedioxy)aniline‐derived semicarbazones was designed, synthesized, and evaluated as monoamine oxidase (MAO) and acetylcholinesterase (AChE) inhibitors for the treatment of neurodegenerative diseases. Most of the new compounds selectively inhibited MAO‐B and AChE, with IC50 values in the micro‐ or nanomolar ranges. Compound 16, 1‐(2,6‐dichlorobenzylidene)‐4‐(benzo[1,3]dioxol‐5‐yl)semicarbazide presented a balanced multifunctional profile of MAO‐A (IC50=4.52±0.032 μm), MAO‐B (IC50=0.059±0.002 μm), and AChE (IC50=0.0087±0.0002 μm) inhibition without neurotoxicity. Kinetic studies revealed that compound 16 exhibits competitive and reversible inhibition against MAO‐A and MAO‐B, and mixed‐type inhibition against AChE. Molecular docking studies further revealed insight into the possible interactions within the enzyme–inhibitor complexes. The most active compounds were found to interact with the enzymes through hydrogen bonding and hydrophobic interactions. Additionally, in silico molecular properties and ADME properties of the synthesized compounds were calculated to explore their drug‐like characteristics.
Cyclic Ketoximes as Estrogen Receptor β Selective Agonists
Authors: Granchi Carlotta , Lapillo Margherita , Spena Concetta Russo , Rizzolio Flavio , Tuccinardi Tiziano , Martin Teresa A. , Carlson Kathryn E. , Katzenellenbogen John A. , Minutolo Filippo
Published: May 2016

The development of estrogen receptor β (ERβ)‐selective agonists represents a therapeutic strategy against several kinds of cancers, but the high homology between the two receptor subtypes, ERα and ERβ, makes the achievement of this goal very challenging. In the past, we developed salicylaldoxime‐ and salicylketoxime‐based molecules that proved to bind well to ERβ. In this paper, further structural evolution of the salicylketoximes is presented: two of the newly synthesized five‐membered cyclic ketoximes bind with nanomolar affinities to ERβ, and they show selectivity for this subtype over ERα. Their agonist character was confirmed by cell‐free coactivator recruitment assays, in which we demonstrated the ability of these compounds to form an active complex with ERβ capable of recruiting coactivator proteins; this indicated their efficacy as agonists. Finally, their potency and selectivity for ERβ binding were rationalized by molecular‐modeling studies.
A randomized trial of videoconference‐delivered cognitive behavioral therapy for survivors of breast cancer with self‐reported cognitive dysfunction
Authors: Ferguson Robert J. , Sigmon Sandra T. , Pritchard Andrew J. , LaBrie Sharon L. , Goetze Rachel E. , Fink Christine M. , Garrett A. Merrill
Published: May 2016

BACKGROUND

Long‐term chemotherapy‐related cognitive dysfunction (CRCD) affects a large number of cancer survivors. To the authors' knowledge, to date there is no established treatment for this survivorship problem. The authors herein report results of a small randomized controlled trial of a cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT), Memory and Attention Adaptation Training (MAAT), compared with an attention control condition. Both treatments were delivered over a videoconference device.

METHODS

A total of 47 survivors of female breast cancer who reported CRCD were randomized to MAAT or supportive therapy and were assessed at baseline, after treatment, and at 2 months of follow‐up. Participants completed self‐report measures of cognitive symptoms and quality of life and a brief telephone‐based neuropsychological assessment.

RESULTS

MAAT participants made gains in perceived (self‐reported) cognitive impairments (P = .02), and neuropsychological processing speed (P = .03) compared with supportive therapy controls. A large MAAT effect size was observed at the 2‐month follow‐up with regard to anxiety concerning cognitive problems (Cohen's d for standard differences in effect sizes, 0.90) with medium effects noted in general function, fatigue, and anxiety. Survivors rated MAAT and videoconference delivery with high satisfaction.

CONCLUSIONS

MAAT may be an efficacious psychological treatment of CRCD that can be delivered through videoconference technology. This research is important because it helps to identify a treatment option for survivors that also may improve access to survivorship services. Cancer 2016;122:1782‐91. © 2016 American Cancer Society.
Access control mechanism using flexible multi‐layer structure for mesh‐based P2P live streaming systems
Authors: Sue Chuan‐Ching , Chuang Kai‐Chun , Hsu Chi‐Yu
Published: May 2016

When thousands of new peers seek to join the peer‐to‐peer (P2P) system within a very short time (i.e., the so‐called flash crowd event), most of the peers suffer a long startup delay as a result of peer over‐competition. Accordingly, recent studies have proposed a slot‐based user access control (UAC) mechanism, which periodically admits a certain number of new peers to the system, and a user batch join (UBJ) mechanism, which preconstructs the new peers into a fixed‐size tree structure before peer join process. However, in the UAC mechanism, it is difficult to determine the optimal time slot length; while in the UBJ mechanism, it is difficult to determine the optimal tree size. Accordingly, the present study proposes a structured access control (SAC) mechanism, in which the new‐arriving peers are preconstructed to a flexible multilayer structure to overcome the limitation of a fixed‐size tree structure, and the number of peers in each layer of the structure is determined based on a consideration of the remaining upload bandwidth of the P2P system. Based on the assumption of a heterogeneous upload bandwidth capability of the peers, an analytical model is derived to describe the growth behavior of a P2P system with access control. It is shown that the simulation results for the growth rate of a P2P system based on the SAC mechanism are in good agreement with those obtained from the analytical model. In addition, the simulation results show that the SAC mechanism outperforms the UAC and UBJ mechanisms in terms of a more rapid system growth and a shorter average startup delay. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Queue‐based multiple path load balancing routing protocol for MANETs
Authors: Naseem Mohd , Kumar Chiranjeev
Published: May 2016

Congestion in the network is the main cause for packet drop and increased end‐to‐end transmission delay of packet between source and destination nodes. Congestion occurs because of the simultaneous contention for network resources. It is very important to efficiently utilize the available resources so that a load can be distributed efficiently throughout the network. Otherwise, the resources of heavily loaded nodes may be depleted very soon, which ultimately affects network performances. In this paper, we have proposed a new routing protocol named queue‐based multiple path load balancing routing protocol. This protocol discovers several node‐disjoint paths from source to destination nodes. It also finds minimum queue length with respect to individual paths, sorts the node‐disjoint paths based on queue length, and distributes the packets through these paths based on the minimum queue length. Simulation results show that the proposed routing protocol distributes the load efficiently and achieves better network performances in terms of packet delivery ratio, end‐to‐end delay, and routing overhead. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Mediterranean cold‐water corals – an important regional carbonate factory?
Authors: Titschack Jürgen , Fink Hiske G. , Baum Daniel , Wienberg Claudia , Hebbeln Dierk , Freiwald André
Published: May 2016

This study presents aggradation rates supplemented for the first time by carbonate accumulation rates from Mediterranean cold‐water coral sites considering three different regional and geomorphological settings: (i) a cold‐water coral ridge (eastern Melilla coral province, Alboran Sea), (ii) a cold‐water coral rubble talus deposit at the base of a submarine cliff (Urania Bank, Strait of Sicily) and (iii) a cold‐water coral deposit rooted on a predefined topographic high overgrown by cold‐water corals (Santa Maria di Leuca coral province, Ionian Sea). The mean aggradation rates of the respective cold‐water coral deposits vary between 10 and 530 cm kyr−1 and the mean carbonate accumulation rates range between 8 and 396 g cm−2 kyr−1 with a maximum of 503 g cm−2 kyr−1 reached in the eastern Melilla coral province. Compared to other deep‐water depositional environments the Mediterranean cold‐water coral sites reveal significantly higher carbonate accumulation rates that were even in the range of the highest productive shallow‐water Mediterranean carbonate factories (e.g. Cladocora caespitosa coral reefs). Focusing exclusively on cold‐water coral occurrences, the carbonate accumulation rates of the Mediterranean cold‐water coral sites are in the lower range of those obtained for the prolific Norwegian coral occurrences, but exhibit much higher rates than the cold‐water coral mounds off Ireland. This study clearly indicates that cold‐water corals have the potential to act as important carbonate factories and regional carbonate sinks within the Mediterranean Sea. Moreover, the data highlight the potential of cold‐water corals to store carbonate with rates in the range of tropical shallow‐water reefs. In order to evaluate the contribution of the cold‐water coral carbonate factory to the regional or global carbonate/carbon cycle, an improved understanding of the temporal and spatial variability in aggradation and carbonate accumulation rates and areal estimates of the respective regions is needed.
Novel pathomechanisms of cardiomyocyte dysfunction in a model of heart failure with preserved ejection fraction
Authors: Primessnig Uwe , Schönleitner Patrick , Höll Alexander , Pfeiffer Susanne , Bracic Taja , Rau Thomas , Kapl Martin , Stojakovic Tatjana , Glasnov Toma , Leineweber Kirsten , Wakula Paulina , Antoons Gudrun , Pieske Burkert , Heinzel Frank R.
Published: May 2016

Aims

Heart failure with preserved ejection fraction (HFpEF) is increasingly common, but the underlying cellular mechanisms are not well understood. We investigated cardiomyocyte function and the role of SEA0400, an Na+/Ca2+ exchanger (NCX) inhibitor in a rat model of chronic kidney disease (CKD) with HFpEF.

Methods and results

Male Wistar rats were subjected to subtotal nephrectomy (NXT) or sham operation (Sham). After 8 and 24 weeks, in vivo (haemodynamics, echocardiography) and in vitro function (LV cardiomyocyte cell shortening (CS), and Ca2+ transients (CaT)) were determined without and with SEA0400. In a subgroup of rats, SEA0400 or vehicle was given p.o. (1 mg/kg b.w.) between week 8 and 24. NXT resulted in stable compensated CKD and HFpEF [hypertrophied left ventricle, prolonged LV isovolumetric relaxation constant TAU (IVRc TAU), elevated end diastolic pressure (EDP), increased lung weight (pulmonary congestion), and preserved LV systolic function (EF, dP/dt)]. In NXT cardiomyocytes, the amplitude of CS and CaT were unchanged but relaxation and CaT decay were progressively prolonged at 8 and 24 weeks vs. Sham, individually correlating with diastolic dysfunction in vivo. NCX forward mode activity (caffeine response) was progressively reduced, while NCX protein expression was up‐regulated, suggesting increased NCX reverse mode activity in NXT. SEA0400 acutely improved relaxation in NXT in vivo and in cardiomyocytes and improved cardiac remodelling and diastolic function when given chronically.

Conclusions

This model of renal HFpEF is associated with slowed relaxation of LV cardiomyocytes. Treatment with SEA0400 improved cardiomyocyte function, remodelling, and HFpEF.
Exercise tolerance can explain the obesity paradox in patients with systolic heart failure: data from the MECKI Score Research Group
Authors: Piepoli Massimo F. , Corrà Ugo , Veglia Fabrizio , Bonomi Alice , Salvioni Elisabetta , Cattadori Gaia , Metra Marco , Lombardi Carlo , Sinagra Gianfranco , Limongelli Giuseppe , Raimondo Rosa , Re Federica , Magrì Damiano , Belardinelli Romualdo , Parati Gianfranco , Minà Chiara , Scardovi Angela B. , Guazzi Marco , Cicoira Mariantonietta , Scrutinio Domenico , Di Lenarda Andrea , Bussotti Maurizio , Frigerio Maria , Correale Michele , Villani Giovanni Quinto , Paolillo Stefania , Passino Claudio , Agostoni Piergiuseppe ,   on behalf of the MECKI Score Research Group
Published: May 2016

Aims

Obesity has been found to be protective in heart failure (HF), a finding leading to the concept of an obesity paradox. We hypothesized that a preserved cardiorespiratory fitness in obese HF patients may affect the relationship between survival and body mass index (BMI) and explain the obesity paradox in HF.

Methods and results

A total of 4623 systolic HF patients (LVEF 31.5 ± 9.5%, BMI 26.2 ± 3.6 kg/m2) were recruited and prospectively followed in 24 Italian HF centres belonging to the MECKI Score Research Group. Besides full clinical examination, patients underwent maximal cardiopulmonary exercise test at study enrolment. Median follow‐up was 1113 (553–1803) days. The study population was divided according to BMI (<25, 25–30, >30 to ≤35 kg/m2) and predicted peak oxygen consumption (peak VO2, <50%, 50–80%, >80%). Study endpoints were all‐cause and cardiovascular deaths including urgent cardiac transplant. All‐cause and cardiovascular deaths occurred in 951 (28.6%, 57.4 per person‐years) and 802 cases (17.4%, 48.4 per 1000 person‐years), respectively. In the high BMI groups, several prognostic parameters presented better values [LVEF, peak VO2, ventilation/carbon dioxide slope, renal function, and haemoglobin (P < 0.01)] compared with the lower BMI groups. Both BMI and peak VO2 were significant positive predictors of longer survival: both higher BMI and peak VO2 groups showed lower mortality (P < 0.001). At multivariable analysis and using a matching procedure (age, gender, LVEF, and peak VO2), the protective role of BMI disappeared.

Conclusion

Exercise tolerance affects the relationship between BMI and survival. Cardiorespiratory fitness mitigates the obesity paradox observed in HF patients.
An Efficient Synthetic Access to Substituted Thiazolyl‐pyrazolyl‐chromene‐2‐ones from Dehydroacetic Acid and Coumarin Derivatives by a Multicomponent Approach
Authors: Ben Mohamed Soumaya , Rachedi Yahia , Hamdi Maamar , Le Bideau Franck , Dejean Camille , Dumas Françoise
Published: May 2016

Two new series of pyran‐ or coumarin‐substituted thiazolyl‐pyrazole‐chromen‐2‐one derivatives 10a–10d and 11a–11d were efficiently synthesized under environmentally friendly reaction conditions through a convenient one‐pot multicomponent reaction of a heterocyclic bromoacetyl derivative 3 or 4 with thiosemicarbazide and a substituted 3‐(acetoacetyl)coumarin derivative 5a–5d in anhydrous ethanol. The reaction proceeds through Hantzsch thiazole and Knorr pyrazole syntheses in refluxing ethanol. The key features of this approach are its operational simplicity, the quick access to the desired products, and the good to excellent yields. The structures of the newly synthesized compounds were established by IR spectroscopy, 1H, 13C, and 2D NMR spectroscopy, and mass spectrometry.
An Atropisomerically Enforced Phosphoric Acid for Organocatalytic Asymmetric Reactions
Authors: Bernardi Luca , Bolzoni Giada , Fochi Mariafrancesca , Mancinelli Michele , Mazzanti Andrea
Published: May 2016

Three BINOL‐derived phosphoric acids exhibiting atropisomerism in the 3,3′‐positions were obtained by Suzuki coupling reaction. The diastereomeric mixture was resolved by HPLC. Structural assignment was achieved by NOE‐NMR analysis and by TD‐DFT simulation of the electronic circular dichroism (ECD) spectra. The three atropisomeric catalysts were tested in three enantioselective reactions, comparing their ability to induce enantioselectivity with related, well‐known, phosphoric acid structures. All three catalysts were competent in promoting the reactions, rendering excellent enantioselectivity (98 % ee) in one case. The atropisomeric features at the 3,3′‐position were indeed found to influence the outcome of the reaction, demonstrating the potential of atropisomeric conformational control at the 3,3′‐position of the BINOL core in the rationalization of catalyst performances and in the design of new efficient structures.
Nanostructured Conducting Polymer/Copper Oxide as a Modifier for Fabrication of L‐DOPA and Uric Acid Electrochemical Sensor
Authors: Sheikh‐Mohseni Mohammad Ali , Pirsa Sajad
Published: May 2016

A modified electrode was prepared by modification of the carbon paste electrode (CPE) with a nanostructured material. This nanostructure with electrocatalytic activity was synthesized by combination of poly pyrrole and copper oxide nanoparticles (PPy/CuO). The structure and morphology of PPy/CuO was studied. The fabricated modified electrode (CPE‐PPy/CuO) exhibited an excellent electrocatalytic activity toward levodopa (L‐DOPA) and uric acid (UA) oxidation because of high conductivity, low electron transfer resistance and catalytic effect. The CPE‐PPy/CuO had a lower overvoltage and enhanced electrical current with respect to the bare CPE for both L‐DOPA and UA. Also, the modified electrode showed a good resolution for the overlapped anodic peaks of L‐DOPA and UA. This electrode was used for the successful simultaneous determination of L‐DOPA and UA. The electrochemical sensor responded to L‐DOPA and UA in the concentration range of 0.050–1200 μM and 0.040–2000 μM, respectively. The detection limits were obtained by differential pulse voltammetry as 15 nM for L‐DOPA and 20 nM for UA. Finally, the proposed electrode was used for determination of L‐DOPA and UA in real samples using standard addition method.
Quantification of hydroperoxides by gas chromatography‐flame ionization detection and predicted response factors
Authors: Leocata Sabine , Frank Sandy , Wang Ying , Calandra Michael J. , Chaintreau Alain
Published: May 2016

The quantification of hydroperoxides is crucial in several areas, in particular in the fragrance domain, because they have been identified as skin sensitizers. The reference compounds necessary to calibrate the instruments have very limited availability, and require drastic storage conditions (‐78 °C) due to their instability. To overcome these limitations, we propose a GC‐FID approach involving their silylation, and the prediction of response factors. This procedure provides a good alternative to a full calibration down to a concentration level of 500 mg/kg, with an underestimation of about 20%. In the analysis of essential oils and fragrance concentrates, larger deviations are found; however, they are not inherent in the technique but rather in the chemistry of hydroperoxides that readily react with aldehydes to form peroxyhemiacetals, thereby decreasing the concentration of free hydroperoxides. These observations are in agreement with quantitative 1H NMR and HPLC‐Chemiluminescence analyses. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Price Discovery and Foreign Participation in Korea's Government Bond Futures and Cash Markets
Authors: Park Cyn‐Young , Mercado Rogelio , Choi Jaehun , Lim Hosung
Published: May 2016

This paper examines the impact of foreign participation in Korean Treasury Bond (KTB) futures and its role in price discovery, using daily transactions data from the over‐the‐counter market and from the Korea Exchange for the futures. Our analysis suggests that foreign trading in the KTB futures market leads the price discovery process for the underlying bonds. Empirical results show that foreigners’ daily net long positions in the futures market exert significant influence in KTB and KTB futures prices. We also find that it is the unexpected component of foreign investors’ net long futures positions that explains a significant share of the pricing effects. Our empirical results also suggest that information transmission between cash and futures markets has improved significantly in the crisis and post‐crisis period while local market participants have become better in extracting information content from market transactions. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Jrl Fut Mark 37:23–51, 2017
Neuroticism and extraversion moderate neural responses and effective connectivity during appetitive conditioning
Authors: Schweckendiek Jan , Stark Rudolf , Klucken Tim
Published: May 2016

Classical appetitive conditioning constitutes a basic learning process through which environmental stimuli can be associated with reward. Previous studies showed that individual differences in neuroticism and extraversion influence emotional processing and have been shown to modulate neural activity in subcortical and prefrontal areas in response to emotional stimuli. However, the role of individual differences in appetitive conditioning has so far not been investigated in detail. The aim of this study was to assess the association between neuroticism and extraversion with neural activity and connectivity during appetitive conditioning. The conditioned stimulus (CS) was either a picture of a dish or a cup. One stimulus (CS+) was paired with a monetary reward and the other stimulus (CS−) was associated with its absence while hemodynamic activity was measured by means of functional magnetic resonance imaging. A significant negative correlation of neuroticism scores with amygdala activity was observed during appetitive conditioning. Further, extraversion was positively associated with responses in the hippocampus and the thalamus. In addition, effective connectivity between the amygdala as a seed region and the anterior cingulate cortex, the insula, and the thalamus was negatively correlated with neuroticism scores and positively correlated with extraversion scores. The results may indicate a neural correlate for the deficits in appetitive learning in subjects with high neuroticism scores and point to a facilitating effect of extraversion on reward‐related learning. Hum Brain Mapp 37:2992–3002, 2016. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Functional integration changes in regional brain glucose metabolism from childhood to adulthood
Authors: Trotta Nicola , Archambaud Frédérique , Goldman Serge , Baete Kristof , Van Laere Koen , Wens Vincent , Van Bogaert Patrick , Chiron Catherine , De Tiège Xavier
Published: May 2016

The aim of this study was to investigate the age‐related changes in resting‐state neurometabolic connectivity from childhood to adulthood (6–50 years old). Fifty‐four healthy adult subjects and twenty‐three pseudo‐healthy children underwent [18F]‐fluorodeoxyglucose positron emission tomography at rest. Using statistical parametric mapping (SPM8), age and age squared were first used as covariate of interest to identify linear and non‐linear age effects on the regional distribution of glucose metabolism throughout the brain. Then, by selecting voxels of interest (VOI) within the regions showing significant age‐related metabolic changes, a psychophysiological interaction (PPI) analysis was used to search for age‐induced changes in the contribution of VOIs to the metabolic activity in other brain areas. Significant linear or non‐linear age‐related changes in regional glucose metabolism were found in prefrontal cortices (DMPFC/ACC), cerebellar lobules, and thalamo‐hippocampal areas bilaterally. Decreases were found in the contribution of thalamic, hippocampal, and cerebellar regions to DMPFC/ACC metabolic activity as well as in the contribution of hippocampi to preSMA and right IFG metabolic activities. Increases were found in the contribution of the right hippocampus to insular cortex and of the cerebellar lobule IX to superior parietal cortex metabolic activities. This study evidences significant linear or non‐linear age‐related changes in regional glucose metabolism of mesial prefrontal, thalamic, mesiotemporal, and cerebellar areas, associated with significant modifications in neurometabolic connectivity involving fronto‐thalamic, fronto‐hippocampal, and fronto‐cerebellar networks. These changes in functional brain integration likely represent a metabolic correlate of age‐dependent effects on sensory, motor, and high‐level cognitive functional networks. Hum Brain Mapp 37:3017–3030, 2016. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Religiousness, social support and subjective well‐being: An exploratory study among adolescents in an Asian atheist country
Authors: Ju Chengting , Zhang Baoshan , You Xuqun , Alterman Valeria , Li Yongkang
Published: May 2016

Few studies have focused on the relationships among religiousness, social support and subjective well‐being in Chinese adolescent populations. This study tries to fill this gap. Using cluster sampling, we selected two groups: Group A, which included 738 Tibetan adolescents with a formal religious affiliation and represented adolescents from a religious culture, and Group B, which included 720 Han adolescents without a religious affiliation and represented adolescents from an irreligious culture. Structural equation modelling showed that only in Group A did social support mediate (partially) the relationship between religious experience and subjective well‐being; furthermore, the results of a hierarchical regression analysis showed that only in Group A did social support moderate the relationship between religious ideology and subjective well‐being. Possible explanations for the discrepancies between the findings obtained in this study and those obtained in previous studies are discussed.
Kidney Injury Molecule Levels in Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus
Authors: Aslan Ozgur , Demir Metin , Koseoglu Mehmet
Published: May 2016

Background

This study was designed to determine the diagnostic role of urinary kidney injury molecule (KIM)‐1 levels in renal damage in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus according to the urinary albumin/creatinine ratio.

Methods

Patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus admitted to different polyclinics in our hospital enrolled in the study and were subdivided into three groups according to albumin/creatinine ratio – normalbuminuric (n: 20); microalbuminuric (n: 20); albuminuric (n: 18) – and compared with the control group. Urine albumin was analyzed using the immunoturbidimetric method (Architect C16000, Abbott Diagnostics). uKIM‐1 was determined using a commercially available enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assay test kit (USCN Life Science, Hankou, Wuhan, China). One‐sample Kolmogorov–Smirnov test, Spearman correlation and Kruskal–Wallis non‐parametric tests were performed. Post hoc comparisons were made using Bonferroni‐corrected Mann–Whitney U tests.

Results

The differences between the controls and normalbuminuric, microalbuminuric and albuminuric groups were highly significant for KIM‐1. Positive correlation was found between KIM‐1 and urine microalbumin–urine microalbumin/creatinine (r = 0.479 P < 0.001; r = 0. 400, P < 0.001; respectively).

Conclusion

In our study, KIM‐1 levels were significantly different suggesting that urinary KIM‐1 levels may be an early marker in patients with diabetic nephropathy. J. Clin. Lab. Anal. 00:1–6, 2016.
Genetic Characteristics of Polycythemia Vera and Essential Thrombocythemia in Korean Patients
Authors: Yoo Eun‐Hyung , Park Kyung‐Jin , Won Hong‐Hee , Park Jun‐Hee , Park Jong‐Ho , Lee Seung‐Tae , Kim Hee‐Jin , Bang Soo‐Mee , Chi Hyun‐Sook , Jung Chul Won , Kim Sun‐Hee , Yun Hongseok , Sun Choong‐Hyun , Park Inho , Lee Seungmook , Lee Clarence , Merriman Barry , Luo Raymond , Tan Eileen Hwee Hong , Park Keun‐Joon , Yoo Na‐Kyung , Kang Jason J. , Kim Jong‐Won
Published: May 2016

Background

Despite recent advances in the investigation of myeloproliferative neoplasms (MPN), the impact of genetic heterogeneity on its molecular pathogenesis has not been fully elucidated. Thus, in this study, we aim to characterize the genetic complexity in Korean patients with polycythemia vera (PV) and essential thrombocythemia (ET).

Methods

We conducted association studies using 84 single‐nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in 229 patients (96 with PV and 133 with ET) and 170 controls. Further, whole‐genome sequencing was performed in six patients (two with JAK2 V617F and four with wild‐type JAK2), and putative somatic mutations were validated in a further 69 ET patients. Clinical and laboratory characteristics were also analyzed.

Results

Several germline SNPs and the 46 haplotype were significantly associated with PV and ET. Three somatic mutations in MPDZ, IQCH, and CALR genes were selected and validated. The frequency of the CALR mutation was 58.0% (40/69) in ET patients, who did not carry JAK2/MPL mutations. Moreover, compared with JAK2 V617F‐positive patients, those with CALR mutations showed lower hemoglobin and hematocrit levels (P = 0.004 and P = 0.002, respectively), higher platelet counts (P =0.008), and a lower frequency of cytoreductive therapy (P = 0.014).

Conclusion

This study was the first comprehensive investigation of the genetic characteristics of Korean patients with PV and ET. We found that somatic mutations and the 46 haplotype contribute to PV and ET pathogenesis in Korean patients.
Synthesis of Imidazole and Theophylline Derivatives Incorporating Pyrimidine‐Fused Heterocycles Using Magnetic Nanoparticles‐Supported Tungstic Acid (MNP‐TA) Catalyst
Authors: Divar Masoumeh , Panahi Farhad , Shariatipour Sayedeh Rojin , Khalafi‐Nezhad Ali
Published: May 2016

In the current study, divers pyrimidine‐fused heterocycles containing an imidazole, benzimidazole, or theophylline moieties were synthesized. For the synthesis of this category of compounds, first, some new bromo‐substituted aldehydes (BSAs) were synthesized using reaction of 4‐hydroxybenzaldehyde and dibromides. Then, BSAs were reacted with imidazole, benzimidazole, and theophylline in order to synthesize corresponding heterocyclic‐substituted aldehydes (HSAs). Finally, the synthesized HSAs underwent in a multi‐components reaction with barbituric acids, amines, and dimedone in the presence of magnetic nanoparticles‐supported tungstic acid (MNP‐TA) catalyst in order to synthesis target products in good to excellent yields. The MNP‐TA was reusable using an external magnetic field and providing a clean and efficient reaction conditions for efficient synthesis of this class of compounds.
Diversity‐oriented Multicomponent Heterocyclizations Involving Derivatives of 3(5)‐Aminoisoxazole, Aldehydes and Meldrum's or N,N′‐Dimethylbarbituric Acid
Authors: Morozova Alisa D. , Muravyova Elena A. , Shishkina Svitlana V. , Vashchenko Elena V. , Sen'ko Yulia V. , Chebanov Valentin A.
Published: May 2016

5‐Amino‐3‐methylisoxazole and 3‐amino‐5‐methylisoxazole were studied in details in the multicomponent heterocyclizations with aromatic aldehydes and Meldrum's or N,N′‐dimethylbarbituric acid with help of classical and non‐classical (microwave and ultrasonic irradiation) activation methods.
Cloning and characterization of the first actinomycete β‐propeller phytase from Streptomyces sp. US42
Authors: Boukhris Ines , Farhat‐Khemakhem Ameny , Bouchaala Kameleddine , Virolle Marie‐Joëlle , Chouayekh Hichem
Published: May 2016

A gene encoding an extracellular phytase was cloned for the first time from an Actinomycete, Streptomyces sp. US42 and sequenced. The sequence of this gene revealed an encoded polypeptide (PHY US42) exhibiting one and six residues difference with the putative phytases of Streptomyces lividans TK24 and Streptomyces coelicolor A3(2), respectively. The molecular modeling of PHY US42 indicated that this phytase belongs to the group of β‐propeller phytases that are usually calcium‐dependent. PHY US42 was purified and characterized. Its activity was calcium‐dependent and maximal at pH 7 and 65 °C. The enzyme was perfectly stable at pH ranging from 5 to 10 and its thermostability was greatly enhanced in the presence of calcium. Indeed, PHY US42 maintained 80% of activity after 10 min of incubation at 75 °C in the presence of 5 mM CaCl2. PHY US42 was also found to exhibit high stability after incubation at 37 °C for 1 h in the presence of bovine bile and digestive proteases like of pepsin, trypsin, and chymotrypsin. Considering its biochemical properties, PHY US42 could be used as feed additive in combination with an acid phytase for monogastric animals.
Taxonomic and functional diversity of the culturable microbiomes of epigeic earthworms and their prospects in agriculture
Authors: Singh Arjun , Tiwari Rameshwar , Sharma Anamika , Adak Anurup , Singh Surender , Prasanna Radha , Saxena Anil K. , Nain Lata , Singh Ran Vir
Published: May 2016

Eisenia foetidaandPerionyx excavatusare potent vermicomposting earthworms having immense importance in organic matter recycling under tropical conditions, particularly in India. Comparative assessment of the cultivable gut microbiome of these two epigeic earthworms after growth on lignocellulosic biomass, revealed populations of 3.2–8.3 × 109CFU. Diversity analyses using 16S rDNA sequences revealed that the major dominating classes were Firmicutes (50–60%), followed by Actinobacteria (26.7–33%), and Alphaproteobacteria (5.6–6.7%). Despite exhibiting similar diversity indices and species richness, Betaproteobacteria (6.7%) and Gammaproteobacteria (11.1%) were solely present inE. foetidaandP. excavatus, respectively. A set of 33 distinct morphotypes, including 18 fromE. foetidaand 15 fromP. excavatuswere selected. Carbohydrate utilization profiles generated using Hi‐Carbo™ kits revealed that the isolates from the gut ofP. excavatus–Arthrobacter pascensIARI‐L13 andBacillus subtilisIARIC were able to utilize 54 and 51.4% of the carbohydrates tested. Sorbose was not utilized, while unusual carbohydrates – adonitol and methyl‐d‐mannoside were utilized only by members from the gut ofP. excavatus, while melizitose was utilized by those uniquely byE. foetidamicrobiome. Functional characterization revealed that β‐glucosidase activity was most prevalent in the culturable microbial community. Alkaline and acid phosphatase activity was more widespread in theE. foetidagut microbiome. All the culturable gut bacterial isolates produced ammonia, but IAA was detected only in five cultures. The unique functional attributes of the two culturable microbiomes, grown on a similar diet, reveals the significance of proper selection of earthworm substrate combinations for effective vermicomposting.
Extraction of phenolic compounds from water samples by dispersive micro‐solid‐phase extraction
Authors: Babaee Shirin , Daneshfar Ali
Published: May 2016

In this article, the use of magnetically separable sorbent polyaniline/silica‐coated nickel nanoparticles is evaluated under a dispersive micro‐solid‐phase extraction approach for the extraction of phenolic compounds from water samples. The sorbent was prepared by in situ chemical polymerization of aniline on the surface of silica‐modified nickel nanoparticles and was characterized by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, transmission electron microscopy, X‐ray powder diffraction, scanning electron microscopy, energy‐dispersive X‐ray spectrometry, and vibrating sample magnetometry. Effective variables such as amount of sorbent (milligrams), pH and ionic strength of sample solution, volume of eluent solvent (microliters), vortex, and ultrasonic times (minutes) were investigated by fractional factorial design. The significant variables optimized by a Box–Behnken design were combined by a desirability function. Under the optimized conditions, the calibration graphs of analytes were linear in a concentration range of 0.02–100 μg/mL, and with correlation coefficients more than 0.999. The limits of detection and quantification were in the ranges of 10–23 and 33–77 μg/L, respectively. This procedure was successfully employed in the determination of target analytes in spiked water samples; the relative mean recoveries ranged from 96 to 105%.
Preparation and application of magnetic molecularly imprinted nanoparticles for the selective extraction of osthole in Libanotis Buchtomensis herbal extract
Authors: He Gaiyan , Tang Yuhai , Hao Yi , Shi Juan , Gao Ruixia
Published: May 2016

In this work, novel magnetic molecularly imprinted polymers were prepared for the selective extraction of osthole from Libanotis Buchtomensis herbal extract. During the synthesis process, double bonds grafted on the surface of Fe3O4 nanoparticles could not only drive the temple molecules to locate onto the surface of vinyl‐functionalized magnetic nanoparticles by π–π conjugation, which makes the distribution of binding sites ordered, but also direct the occurrence of imprinting polymerization at the surface of magnetic nanoparticles by the copolymerization of vinyl terminal groups with functional monomers and cross‐linking agent. The characteristics of the resulting polymers were evaluated by transmission electron microscopy, X‐ray diffraction, Fourier‐transform infrared spectroscopy, and vibrating sample magnetometry. Adsorption kinetics, isotherms, selectivity, reproducibility, and reusability were discussed, which suggest that the obtained nanomaterials possess rapid binding kinetics, high adsorption capacity of 17.65 mg/g, and favorable selectivity for the target molecule. Satisfactory reproducibility and reusability were verified as well. Meanwhile, the resultant imprinted nanoparticles were successfully applied to selectively separate osthole from the herbal extract, which show great potential in extracting active ingredients from traditional Chinese medicine.
Assessment and Monitoring of Soil Degradation during Land Use Change Using Multivariate Analysis
Authors: Khaledian Yones , Kiani Farshad , Ebrahimi Soheila , Brevik Eric C. , Aitkenhead‐Peterson Jacqueline
Published: May 2016

Not only are soil erosion and overall loss of soil fertility serious issues for loess‐derived soils of developing nations, such as Iran, but they are also global problems. This research investigated the role of land use change and its effect on soil degradation in cultivated, pasture, and urban lands, when compared with native forest in terms of declining of soil quality and fertility. Multivariate statistical methods including principal component analysis and cluster analysis were employed to determine the relative magnitude of anthropogenic and natural influences on soil quality. Partial least squares (PLS), principal component regression, and ordinary least squares regression were used to predict soil cation exchange capacity using soil characteristics. Principal component analysis identified five primary components of soil quality. PC1 explained 41·01% of the total variance, PC2 accounted for 15·29%, and PC3 accounted for 11·3%. PC4 and PC5 accounted for 7·37% and 4·19% of the total variance, respectively. Cluster analysis revealed that the lowest soil quality occurred in urban soils. An exponential semivariogram using PLS predictions revealed stronger spatial dependence among cation exchange capacity [r2 = 0·80, root mean square error (RMSE) = 1·99] than the other methods, principal component regression [r2 = 0·84, RMSE = 2·45] and ordinary least squares [r2 = 0·84, RMSE = 2·45]. Therefore, the PLS method provided the best model for the data. In stepwise regression analysis, mean weight diameter and labile carbon were selected as influential variables in all soils. This study quantified reductions in numerous soil quality parameters resulting from extensive land‐use changes and urbanization in the Ziarat watershed in northern Iran. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Succinoglycan Octasaccharide Conjugated Polydiacetylene‐Doped Alginate Beads for Barium (II) Detection
Authors: Yun Deokgyu , Cho Eunae , Dindulkar Someshwar D. , Jung Seunho
Published: May 2016

Detection methods for heavy metals are important and highly required due to their toxicity to the health of humans and the environment. Hence, using a polydiacetylene (PDA)‐based sensoring bead, the presence of barium ions is exclusively detected for the first time. The sensoring platform has been designed as a PDA vesicle functionalized with a succinoglycan octasaccharide subunit serving as a metal coordination ligand. First, the succinoglycan octasaccahride subunit is isolated from Sinorhizobium meliloti, successfully conjugated to pentacosa‐10,12‐diynoic acid via reductive amination, and the functionalized vesicle system is investigated for color and fluorescence changes targeting nine different metal ions. To further improve the long‐term storage stability and convenient handling of the vesicle detection system, the sensory vesicle is immobilized on millimeter‐sized alginate beads through the ionotropic gelation method. This study provides an opportunity to design and develop various carbohydrate‐based sensor materials.

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Nutritional depletion in n‐3 PUFA in apoE knock‐out mice: A new model of endothelial dysfunction associated with fatty liver disease
Authors: Catry Emilie , Neyrinck Audrey M. , Lobysheva Irina , Pachikian Barbara D. , Van Hul Matthias , Cani Patrice D. , Dessy Chantal , Delzenne Nathalie M.
Published: May 2016

Scope

Western diets are characterized by low intake of n‐3 PUFA compensated by constant amounts of n‐6 PUFA. Reduced intake of n‐3 PUFA is associated with increased cardiovascular risk, as observed in nonalcoholic fatty liver disease patients. The study aimed to evaluating the impact of dietary n‐3 PUFA depletion on endothelial function, an early key event of cardiovascular diseases.

Methods and results

C57Bl/6J or apolipoprotein E knock‐out (apoE−/−) were fed control (CT) or n‐3 PUFA‐depleted diets (DEF) for 12 wks. Mice fed n‐3 DEF diet developed a hepatic steatosis, linked to changes in hepatic expression of genes controlled by Sterol Regulatory Element Binding Protein‐1 and ‐2. Vascular function was assessed on second‐ and third‐order mesenteric arteries and n‐3 PUFA‐depleted apoE−/− mice presented endothelial dysfunction characterized by decreased vasorelaxation in response of acetylcholine. The presence of a nitric oxide synthase (NOS) inhibitor blunted the relaxation in each groups and heme‐nitrosylated hemoglobin blood (Hb‐NO) level was significantly lower in n‐3 PUFA‐depleted apoE−/− mice.

Conclusion

Twelve weeks of n‐3 DEF diet promote steatosis and accelerate the process of endothelial dysfunction in apoE−/− mice by a mechanism involving the NOS/NO pathway. We propose n‐3 PUFA‐depleted apoE−/− mice as a new model to study endothelial dysfunction related to hepatic steatosis independently of obesity.
Persistent metabolic adaptation 6 years after “The Biggest Loser” competition
Authors: Fothergill Erin , Guo Juen , Howard Lilian , Kerns Jennifer C. , Knuth Nicolas D. , Brychta Robert , Chen Kong Y. , Skarulis Monica C. , Walter Mary , Walter Peter J. , Hall Kevin D.
Published: May 2016

Objective

To measure long‐term changes in resting metabolic rate (RMR) and body composition in participants of “The Biggest Loser” competition.

Methods

Body composition was measured by dual energy X‐ray absorptiometry, and RMR was determined by indirect calorimetry at baseline, at the end of the 30‐week competition and 6 years later. Metabolic adaptation was defined as the residual RMR after adjusting for changes in body composition and age.

Results

Of the 16 “Biggest Loser” competitors originally investigated, 14 participated in this follow‐up study. Weight loss at the end of the competition was (mean ± SD) 58.3 ± 24.9 kg (P < 0.0001), and RMR decreased by 610 ± 483 kcal/day (P = 0.0004). After 6 years, 41.0 ± 31.3 kg of the lost weight was regained (P = 0.0002), while RMR was 704 ± 427 kcal/day below baseline (P < 0.0001) and metabolic adaptation was −499 ± 207 kcal/day (P < 0.0001). Weight regain was not significantly correlated with metabolic adaptation at the competition's end (r = −0.1, P = 0.75), but those subjects maintaining greater weight loss at 6 years also experienced greater concurrent metabolic slowing (r = 0.59, P = 0.025).

Conclusions

Metabolic adaptation persists over time and is likely a proportional, but incomplete, response to contemporaneous efforts to reduce body weight.