bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Авторское этимологизирование в идиостиле Марины Цветаевой (стихотворения "Раковина", "Минута", "Расщелина")
Authors: Стойкова [Stoĭkova] Татьяна [Tat′iana] А. [A.]
Published: January 2020

Etymologisation in Marina Tsvetaeva’s Idiostyle (Poems “My Shell”, “Minute”, “The Crevasse”)This article considers etymologisation in lyrical works by Marina Tsvetaeva on the example of her three poems from 1923: “My Shell” (“Rakovina”), “Minute” (“Minuta”) and “The Crevasse” (“Rasshchelina”). In this case, etymologisation concerns first of all the words which appear as titles of these poems. The study analyses manifestations of etymologisation, namely various aspects of etymological regeneration of words and occurrences of their secondary motivation (poetic etymology) in relation to their aesthetic function in an artistic text. Etymological analysis in the stanzas under consideration is often based on reconstruction of language compliances both at the level of Proto-Slavic and Proto-Indo-European. This study of Tsvetaeva’s etymologisation reveals her exceptional potential: her profound sense of language, her mystical penetration of its essential nature, and her intuitive comprehension of its historical developments and semantics. Etymologizacja w idiostylu Mariny Cwietajewej – wiersze Раковина [Muszla], Минута [Minuta], Расщелина [Rozpadlina]Artykuł omawia etymologizację w twórczości lirycznej Mariny Cwietajewej na przykładzie trzech wierszy autorki z 1923 roku: Раковина [Muszla], Минута [Minuta], Расщелина [Rozpadlina]. Etymologizacja dotyczy w tym przypadku przede wszystkim słów, które pojawiają się jako tytuły tych utworów. Artykuł analizuje przejawy etymologizacji, czyli rozmaite aspekty reinterpretacji etymologicznej słów i występowanie motywacji wtórnych (etymologia poetycka) w relacji do ich funkcji estetycznej w tekście artystycznym. Analiza etymologiczna zawarta w strofach omawianych utworów często opiera się na rekonstrukcji zgodności języka z rzeczywistością na poziomie języka prasłowiańskiego i praindoeuropejskiego. Przedstawiona analiza etymologizacji Cwietajewej ujawnia niezwykły potencjał autorki: głębokie wyczucie języka, zdolność do mistycznego przenikania jego niezmierzonej głębi i intuicyjne zrozumienie jego semantyki i historycznego rozwoju.
Patterns of Morphological Integration of Slavic Loan Nouns in Petkevičius’ Catechism (1598) as an Indication of Their Origin and Chronology
Authors: Smetonienė Anželika
Published: January 2020

Patterns of Morphological Integration of Slavic Loan Nouns in Petkevičius’ Catechism (1598) as an Indication of Their Origin and ChronologyThis article focuses on the morphological integration of Slavic loan nouns featuring in Merkelis Petkevičius’ Catechism (1598) into the Lithuanian language. It attempts to establish whether the pattern of adaptation of a Slavic loanword to a particular Lithuanian stem can suggest its more precise origin. In order to achieve this objective, I extracted all Slavic loan nouns from Petkevičius’ Catechism, identified their stems and meanings, and established their equivalents in Slavic languages of the relevant period (Old Russian, Ruthenian, Old and Middle Polish). Comparing this data made it possible to establish some common patterns of integration of Slavic loanwords into the morphological system of the Lithuanian language. A direct relationship was identified between the endings and gender of the Slavic words and the Lithuanian stems into which they were integrated. Therefore, in some cases the pattern of adaptation of a Slavic loanword can suggest its path into the Lithuanian language. Adaptacja morfologiczna słowiańskich zapożyczeń rzeczownikowych w katechizmie Pietkiewicza (1598) jako wskazówka na temat ich źródła i chronologiiNiniejszy artykuł omawia adaptację morfologiczną słowiańskich zapożyczeń rzeczownikowych w języku litewskim na podstawie materiału leksykalnego katechizmu Melchiora Pietkiewicza (1598). Podjęta analiza stanowi próbę ustalenia, czy ich dostosowanie do określonego rdzenia litewskiego może dokładniej wskazywać na źródło pochodzenia. W toku przeprowadzonych badań z katechizmu wyekscerpowano wszystkie rzeczowniki zapożyczone z języków słowiańskich, zidentyfikowano ich rdzenie i znaczenia oraz ustalono ich ekwiwalenty w językach słowiańskich w odpowiednim okresie (staroruskim, ruskim, staro- i średniopolskim). Porównanie tych danych pozwoliło uchwycić pewne prawidłowości adaptacji zapożyczeń słowiańskich do systemu morfologicznego języka litewskiego. Ustalono bezpośredni związek pomiędzy końcówkami i rodzajem gramatycznym leksemów słowiańskich a ich adaptacją do określonych rdzeni litewskich. W pewnych przypadkach wzorzec adaptacji może zatem wskazywać na źródło zapożyczenia słowiańskiego w języku litewskim.
Лексичні запозичення в діалектній фразеології говірок Чернівецької області: діахронічний аспект
Authors: Кузь [Kuz′] Галина [Halyna] Т. [T.]
Published: January 2020

Lexical Borrowings in Dialectal Phraseology of the Chernivtsi Region: The Diachronic AspectThis article is devoted to the analysis of dialectal phraseological units with foreign components (Romanian, German, Polish, Hebrew, Hungarian) recorded in the dictionary entitled “Phraseologisms and Paroemias of the Chernivtsi Region” (Фразеологізми та паремії Чернівеччини, 2017) from the point of view of their number, presence in modern local dialect and membership in certain semantic groups. It was established that borrowed elements referring to household items and those that function as regional synonyms of Ukrainian components in the structure of dialectal phraseological units are the most frequently used ones. The most frequent elements in the analysed linguistic material are groups of words borrowed from Romanian, German and Polish. The study material indicates the absence of complete correlation in the dynamics of borrowings on the lexical and phraseological levels: in most cases the componential composition of popular colloquial phraseology is subordinate to their emotional-evaluative and expressive functions. Zapożyczenia leksykalne w frazeologii dialektów obwodu czerniowieckiego: aspekt diachronicznyArtykuł poświęcony jest analizie frazeologicznych jednostek dialektalnych z komponentami obcojęzycznymi (rumuńskimi, niemieckimi, polskimi, hebrajskimi, węgierskimi) zarejestrowanych w Słowniku frazeologizmów i paremii obwodu czerniowieckiego (Фразеологізми та паремії Чернівеччини, 2017) z punktu widzenia ich frekwencji we współczesnym dialekcie oraz przynależności do pewnych grup semantycznych. Ustalono, że najczęściej we frazeologizmach dialektalnych zachowują się zapożyczone nazwy przedmiotów gospodarstwa domowego, jak również te, które są regionalnymi synonimami części składowych ukraińskich frazeologizmów. Najczęściej spotykanymi elementami analizowanego materiału językowego są grupy słów zapożyczonych z języka rumuńskiego, niemieckiego i polskiego. Zbadane materiały wskazują na brak pełnej korelacji w dynamice zapożyczania na poziomie leksykalnym i frazeologicznym: komponenty potocznej frazeologii ludowej zwykle są podporządkowane ich funkcjom emocjonalno-ewaluacyjnym i ekspresyjnym.
Pamięć o nowych męczennikach z Butowa w dyskursie publicystycznym
Authors: Pazio-Wlazłowska Dorota
Published: January 2020

Memory of the New Martyrs of Butovo in Journalistic DiscourseThis article attempts to define the place of the New Martyrs of Butovo on the Russian map of memory. Basing on the assumption that memory is linguistic in nature, the author analyses texts excerpted from the Russian-language Internet (the Runet) and high-circulation press. She notes that the memorialisation of the New Martyrs of Butovo is founded on the premise of shattered memory, its mandated abandonment at the very moment of the event. The analysis of the excerpted material indicates that the memory of the New Martyrs transcends the boundaries of the private and is socially constructed. The author argues that the image of the Butovo Martyrs presented by the mass media serves the purpose of social consolidation and fosters the search for identity-defining ideas. Pamięć o nowych męczennikach z Butowa w dyskursie publicystycznymW artykule podjęto próbę określenia miejsca zajmowanego przez nowych męczenników z Butowa na rosyjskiej mapie pamięci. Odwołując się do tezy o ujęzykowieniu pamięci, autorka jako podstawę analizy przyjmuje teksty wyekscerpowane z runetu i wysokonakładowej prasy. Zauważa, że u podstaw memoryzacji nowych męczenników z Butowa leży teza o zdruzgotaniu pamięci, jej odgórnym zaniechaniu w chwili zaistnienia zdarzenia. Analiza wyekscerpowanych materiałów wskazuje na przekraczanie przez pamięć o nowych męczennikach granic prywatności i konstruowanie jej w wymiarze społecznym. Autorka dowodzi, że przedstawiany przez środki masowego przekazu obraz męczenników z Butowa służy konsolidacji społecznej, sprzyjając poszukiwaniu idei definiujących tożsamość.
Oleksandr Melnyczuk jako etymolog i komparatysta
Authors: Chernysh Tetiana O.
Published: January 2020

Oleksandr Mel′nychuk as an Etymologist and ComparatistOleksandr Mel′nychuk (1921–1997) made a great contribution to the theory and methodology of historical-comparative studies of genetically related languages. His work mainly concerned three areas: the word family approach to the study of Slavic, Indo-European and non-Indo-European languages, the theory of monoglottogenesis, and the historical typology of Slavic languages. After a brief overview of his life and work, this study focuses on the first area, outlining the principal features of the word family approach he developed, both theoretically and with regard to research on the origin of particular Slavic lexical items. Ołeksandr Melnyczuk jako etymolog i komparatystaOłeksandr Melnyczuk (1921–1997) wniósł znaczący wkład w rozwój teorii i metodologii badań historyczno-porównawczych pokrewnych języków. W swej pracy skupiał się głównie na trzech obszarach: podejściu gniazdowym do badania leksyki słowiańskiej, indoeuropejskiej i pozaindoeuropejskiej, teorii monoglottogenezy oraz typologii historycznej języków słowiańskich. Wychodząc od krótkiego zarysu biografii badacza i jego dorobku naukowego, niniejszy artykuł skupia się na pierwszym z wymienionych kierunków jego zainteresowań: przedstawia główne elementy podejścia gniazdowego w ujęciu Melnyczuka zarówno w aspekcie teoretycznym, jak i w odniesieniu do badań nad etymologią poszczególnych słowiańskich jednostek leksykalnych.
Staročeské sumáře v biblích 15. století
Authors: Voleková Kateřina
Published: January 2020

Old Czech Summaries in Fifteenth-Century BiblesThis article focuses on some non-biblical texts accompanying Old Czech Bible translations in the Middle Ages. The oldest translation of the entire Bible into Old Czech, which comes from the 1350s, included a particular type of non-biblical texts: prefaces to biblical books. The following Old Czech revisions and new translations of the Bible were provided, to varying degrees, with other textual aids, such as the lists of Mass readings. In this paper, we focus on the so-called capitula, summaries of individual chapters of particular biblical books. In the Middle Ages, the capitula were an aid providing orientation in the text for the study of the Holy Writ in Latin. During the revision of the Czech biblical translation at the turn of the fourteenth and fifteenth centuries, chapter summaries in Latin were also translated. However, they are only preserved in their entirety in one manuscript, the second volume of the Litoměřice-Třeboň Bible. Other Old Czech Bibles included biblical summaries only exceptionally and selectively; the Old Czech chapter summaries survived in nine biblical manuscripts, mainly before individual chapters of selected books of the Old Testament. They were primarily intended to familiarise readers with the content of the text. The biblical summaries deserve a critical edition and further research, especially for their Old Czech vocabulary, reflecting the formation of biblical language and style in the late Middle Ages. Staroczeskie streszczenia w piętnastowiecznych tłumaczeniach BibliiNiniejszy artykuł jest poświęcony tekstom towarzyszącym staroczeskim przekładom Biblii z okresu średniowiecza. Pierwszy staroczeski przekład całej Biblii, pochodzący z lat pięćdziesiątych XIV wieku, zawierał również szczególny rodzaj tekstu: przedmowy do poszczególnych ksiąg. Zarówno jego zmodyfikowane wersje, jak i nowe przekłady, były (w różnym stopniu) zaopatrzone w teksty pomocnicze, na przykład listy czytań mszalnych. Przedstawiona analiza omawia tzw. capitula, czyli streszczenia poszczególnych rozdziałów ksiąg biblijnych. W średniowieczu stanowiły one jedyną w swoim rodzaju pomoc, umożliwiającą orientację w treści łacińskiego tekstu Pisma Świętego. Podczas modyfikacji czeskiego przekładu Biblii na przełomie XIV i XV wieku przetłumaczono również łacińskie streszczenia; zachowały się one w całości tylko w jednym manuskrypcie – drugim tomie Biblii litomierzycko-trzebońskiej. Inne biblie staroczeskie zawierały takie streszczenia tylko w wybranych rozdziałach; zachowały się one w dziewięciu manuskryptach, gdzie w większości przypadków poprzedzają poszczególne rozdziały wybranych ksiąg Starego Testamentu. Ich głównym celem było zapoznanie czytelnika z treścią tekstu biblijnego. Streszczenia, o których mowa, zasługują na krytyczne opracowanie i dalsze badania, zwłaszcza ze względu na staroczeskie słownictwo, odzwierciedlające formowanie się języka i stylu biblijnego w okresie późnego średniowiecza.
Rec.: Dorota Filar, "Narracyjne aspekty językowego obrazu świata. Interpretacja 'marzenia' we współczesnej polszczyźnie", Wydawnictwo UMCS, Lublin 2013, 224 ss.
Authors: Szadura Joanna
Published: January 2020

Review: Dorota Filar, Narracyjne aspekty językowego obrazu świata. Interpretacja marzenia we współczesnej polszczyźnie, Wydawnictwo UMCS, Lublin 2013, 224 pp.This article is a review of Dorota Filar’s study entitled Narracyjne aspekty językowego obrazu świata. Interpretacja marzenia we współczesnej polszczyźnie (Narrative Aspects of Linguistic Worldview: An Interpretation of marzenie ‘a dream’ in Contemporary Polish), in which she attempts to capture the meaning of a word in “an expanded, dynamic form with a narrative structure”. Her volume includes both general theoretical considerations and results of detailed semantic analyses. Rec.: Dorota Filar, Narracyjne aspekty językowego obrazu świata. Interpretacja marzenia we współczesnej polszczyźnie, Wydawnictwo UMCS, Lublin 2013, 224 ss.Artykuł stanowi recenzję monografii będącej próbą ujęcia znaczenia słowa w „rozbudowaną, dynamiczną formę o strukturze narracyjnej”. Praca autorstwa Doroty Filar zawiera zarówno ogólne rozważania teoretyczne, jak i wyniki szczegółowych badań semantycznych.
Anti-Tumor Activity of Intravenously Administered Plumbagin Entrapped in Targeted Nanoparticles
Authors: Sakpakdeejaroen Intouch , Somani Sukrut , Laskar Partha , Irving Craig , Mullin Margaret , Dufès Christine
Published: January 2020

Plumbagin, a natural naphthoquinone from the officinal leadwort, has recently been shown to exert promising anti-cancer effects. However, its therapeutic use is hampered by its failure to specifically reach tumors after intravenous administration, without secondary effects on normal
tissues. Its poor solubility in water and rapid elimination following in vivo administration further limit its potential use. We hypothesize that the entrapment of plumbagin within PEGylated PLGA nanoparticles conjugated with transferrin, whose receptors are overexpressed on many types
of cancer cells, could lead to a selective delivery of the drug to tumors following intravenous administration and enhance its chemotherapeutic effects. The objectives of this study were therefore to prepare and characterize transferrin-conjugated, PEGylated PLGA nanoparticles entrapping plumbagin,
and to assess their anti-cancer efficacy in vitro as well as in tumor-bearing mice. The intravenous administration of transferrin-conjugated PEGylated PLGA nanoparticles resulted in the complete suppression of 10% of B16-F10 tumors and regression of 30% of the tumors, with improvement
of the animal survival compared to controls. The treatment was well tolerated by the animals. Transferrin-bearing PEGylated PLGA nanoparticles entrapping plumbagin are therefore highly promising therapeutic systems, able to lead to tumor regression and even suppression after intravenous administration
without visible toxicity.
Weather Patterns Associated with Pain in Chronic-Pain Sufferers
Authors: Schultz David M. , Beukenhorst Anna L. , Yimer Belay Birlie , Cook Louise , Pisaniello Huai Leng , House Thomas , Gamble Carolyn , Sergeant Jamie C. , McBeth John , Dixon William G.
Published: January 2020

The belief that weather influences people’s health has been prevalent for millennia. Recent studies on the relationship between weather and pain for those who suffer from chronic pain remain indeterminate, with some studies finding strong effects and others finding no effects; most studies face limitations to their study design or dataset size. To address these limitations, a U.K.-wide smartphone study Cloudy with a Chance of Pain was conducted over 15 months with 10,584 citizen scientists who suffer from chronic pain, producing the largest dataset both in duration and number of participants. Compared to other similar citizen-science studies, our retention of participants was substantially better, with 15% still entering data nearly every day after 200 days. Analysis of the dataset using synoptic climatology and compositing revealed the daily weather associated with a prevalence of high pain and low pain across the population. Specifically, our results indicate that the top 10% of days with a high percentage of participants (about 20%) experiencing a pain event (represented here by a +1 change or greater in their pain level on a 5-point scale; referred to as a high-pain day) were associated with below-normal pressure, above-normal humidity, higher precipitation rate, and stronger wind. In contrast, the bottom 10% of days with a small percentage of participants (about 10%) experiencing a pain event (a low-pain day) were associated with above-normal pressure, below-normal humidity, lower precipitation rate, and weaker wind. Thus, these synoptic weather patterns support the beliefs of many participants who said that low pressure—and its accompanying weather—was associated with a pain event.
GeoColor: A Blending Technique for Satellite Imagery
Authors: Miller Steven D. , Lindsey Daniel T. , Seaman Curtis J. , Solbrig Jeremy E.
Published: January 2020

Value-added imagery is a useful means of communicating multispectral environmental satellite radiometer data to the human analyst. The most effective techniques strike a balance between science and art. The science side requires engineering physical algorithms capable of distilling the complex scene into a reduced set of key parameters. The artistic side involves design and construction of visually intuitive displays that maximize information content within the product image. The utility of such imagery to human analysts depends on the extent to which parameters or features of interest are conveyed unambiguously. Here, we detail and demonstrate a dynamic blended imagery technique, based on spatially variant transparency factors whose values are tied to algorithmically isolated parameters. The technique enables seamless display of multivariate information, and is applicable to any imaging system based on red–green–blue composites. We illustrate this technique in the context of GeoColor—an application of the Geostationary Operational Environmental Satellite R (GOES-R) series Advanced Baseline Imager (ABI) supporting operational forecasting and used widely in public communication of weather information.
Factors Correlating to Burnout among Otolaryngology Residents
Authors: Reed Leighton , Mamidala Madhu , Stocks Rosemary , Sheyn Anthony
Published: January 2020

Objectives:

Physicians have high rates of burnout with an Otolaryngology burnout rate of 42%. The most studied burnout correlation is increased work hours. More recently, mindfulness training programs have been shown to decrease burnout and increase self-compassion. Regarding burnout studies specific to Otolaryngology residents, there have been few in the past decade. This study explores correlations between burnout and procedure involvement, non-clinical responsibilities and mindfulness practices along with gathering updated work hours data.

Methods:

A single survey question was shown to be a reliable substitute for Maslach Burnout Inventory in assessing burnout. A survey was sent to all US Otolaryngology residents to investigate the correlation of burnout to post-graduate year, work hours, procedure involvement, non-clinical responsibilities, and mindfulness practices. Residents were asked to answer questions regarding their previous year of training.

Results:

Overall burnout was 50%. PGY-1 and PGY-5 were completed with a low burnout rate compared to other years. Increased work hours were confirmed to increase burnout. Increased involvement in procedures, decreased exercise, and increased time completing paperwork correlated with increased burnout. No other factors including mindfulness correlated with increased or decreased burnout. However, only 20% who practiced mindfulness training had this training offered by their department or university.

Conclusion:

Annals of Otology, Rhinology & Laryngology A 50% burnout rate is a concerning rate. Increased work hours and PGY-2 through PGY-4 correlated with increased burnout. Accessibility to mindfulness training was low. As mindfulness training is a proven activity to decrease burnout, more departments could benefit from providing these experiences to their residents.
Factors Associated With Perceived Worsened Physical Health Among Older Adults Who Are Newly Enrolled Long-term Services and Supports Recipients
Authors: Travers Jasmine L. , Hirschman Karen B. , Hanlon Alexandra L. , Huang Liming , Naylor Mary D.
Published: January 2020

Limited information exists on the perceived health of older adults new to receiving long-term services and supports (LTSS) compared with the year prior, posing challenges to the anticipation of health care need and optimization of wellness efforts for this growing population. In response, we sought to identify differences in perceived worsened physical health across three LTSS types (nursing home, assisted living, and home and community-based services) along with health-related quality of life (HRQoL) characteristics associated with older adults’ ratings of perceived worsened physical health at the start of receiving LTSS. Enrolled LTSS recipients completed a single interview assessing their HRQoL. Bivariate and multivariable logistic regression analyses were performed to determine associations in LTSS types and HRQoL characteristics with perceived worsened physical health among older adults (≥60 years old) since 1 year prior to study enrollment. Among the 467 LTSS recipients, perceived physical health was rated as worse than the previous year by 36%. Bivariate analyses revealed no differences in perceived worsened physical health across LTSS types. In adjusted analyses, religiousness/spirituality and better mental and general health perception had a decreased odds of being associated with perceived worsened physical health ( P < .05). Participants with major changes in their health in the past 6 months were more likely to report perceived worsened physical health ( P < .001). Findings provide information that may be used to target efforts to enhance perceived physical health and improve quality of life among LTSS enrollees.
Online English Reading Instruction in the ESL Classroom Based on Constructivism
Authors: Liu Yan , Liu Hongbing , Xu Yan , Lu Hongying
Published: January 2020

With the development of Internet technology, teachers are constantly seeking innovative methods to match the potential enhancement of technology. Although many studies have been done before, these are not enough in this field. The purpose of this article is to explore innovative designs to change traditional instruction mode and test its impact. The case was carried out in English as a Second Language (ESL), classroom of NO.9 middle school of Bengbu, an underdeveloped area of China. We compared online instruction with traditional textbook literature methods to improve the reading skills of students; a questionnaire survey designed specifically for this study was conducted at the end of semester; and the collected data were processed. The findings of this study indicated that online instruction is effective, students have gained more knowledge and information through Internet than before, it helped them to improve reading skills, arouse students’ interest and motivation in learning, exam results of students have been improved significantly, and it created a positive learning situation.
Emotional intelligence and compassion fatigue among psychotherapists in selected districts of Northern Uganda
Authors: Kabunga Amir , Anyolitho Maxson Kenneth , Betty Apio
Published: January 2020

Globally, close to 50% of the professionals working with traumatised individuals have issues related to compassion fatigue. In Uganda, although compassion fatigue is prevalent among psychotherapists, there is limited evidence of relationship between emotional intelligence and compassion fatigue. This study set out to fill this gap. Data were collected from a random sample of 207 psychotherapists working in Northern Uganda, who completed Emotional Competency Inventory version-2.0 and Professional Quality of Life version-5 questionnaires. Chi-square and Fischer’s exact tests were used to analyse the data. Findings revealed that all the four elements of emotional intelligence (social awareness, self-awareness, self-management, and social skills) were inversely related to levels of compassion fatigue and were statistically significant at p < .0001. The study recommended that organisations offering psychotherapy services could focus on building emotional intelligence of their psychotherapists. Increasing emotional intelligence of psychotherapists is necessary to enable them deal more effectively, with their feelings and thus directly decrease the level of compassion fatigue thereby protecting their mental and physical health.
Adaptive Ultrasound Tissue Harmonic Imaging Based on an Improved Ensemble Empirical Mode Decomposition Algorithm
Authors: Han Suya , Zhang Yufeng , Wu Keyan , He Bingbing , Zhang Kexin , Liang Hong
Published: January 2020

Complete and accurate separation of harmonic components from the ultrasonic radio frequency (RF) echo signals is essential to improve the quality of harmonic imaging. There are limitations in the existing two commonly used separation methods, that is, the subjectivity for the high-pass filtering (S_HPF) method and motion artifacts for the pulse inversion (S_PI) method. A novel separation method called S_CEEMDAN, based on the complete ensemble empirical mode decomposition with adaptive noise (CEEMDAN) algorithm, is proposed to adaptively separate the second harmonic components for ultrasound tissue harmonic imaging. First, the ensemble size of the CEEMDAN algorithm is calculated adaptively according to the standard deviation of the added white noise. A set of intrinsic mode functions (IMFs) is then obtained by the CEEMDAN algorithm from the ultrasonic RF echo signals. According to the IMF spectra, the IMFs that contain both fundamental and harmonic components are further decomposed. The separation process is performed until all the obtained IMFs have been divided into either fundamental or harmonic categories. Finally, the fundamental and harmonic RF echo signals are obtained from the accumulations of signals from these two categories, respectively. In simulation experiments based on CREANUIS, the S_CEEMDAN-based results are similar to the S_HPF-based results, but better than the S_PI-based results. For the dynamic carotid artery measurements, the contrasts, contrast-to-noise ratios (CNRs), and tissue-to-clutter ratios (TCRs) of the harmonic images based on the S_CEEMDAN are averagely increased by 31.43% and 50.82%, 18.96% and 10.83%, as well as 34.23% and 44.18%, respectively, compared with those based on the S_HPF and S_PI methods. In conclusion, the S_CEEMDAN method provides improved harmonic images owing to its good adaptivity and lower motion artifacts, and is thus a potential alternative to the current methods for ultrasonic harmonic imaging.
Mental health status of parents of young patients with high myopia
Authors: Guo Li-Yun , Sun Heng , Hu Min , Jiang Yun-Hai , Luo Zhi-Hang
Published: January 2020

Objective

The study aim was to investigate the mental health status of parents of patients with high myopia using the Symptom Checklist-90 (SCL-90).

Methods

The parents of 160 young patients with high myopia (high myopia group) and 80 healthy children (control group) participated in the study. The SCL-90 was used to evaluate mental health status. The SCL-90 total score and scores on each factor were calculated and compared between the two groups.

Results

The total SCL-90 score, total mean score, positive score and scores on somatization, interpersonal sensitivity, depression, anxiety, hostility, psychosis, diet and sleep were significantly higher in fathers and mothers of patients with high myopia than in parents of control group children. There were statistically significant between-group differences in the above indices.

Conclusion

Parents of children with high myopia are more likely to develop mental health problems than parents of healthy children. This suggests that mental health interventions for parents should not be ignored in the treatment and control of high myopia patients.
Digital geographies, feminist relationality, Black and queer code studies: Thriving otherwise
Authors: Elwood Sarah
Published: January 2020

Digitality is deeply implicated in sociospatial processes of exclusion, adverse incorporation, impoverishment and enrichment. Theorizing digital practices of life and thriving is politically and epistemologically urgent, and more robustly intersectional theory in digital geographies scholarship offers crucial pathways. I argue for theorizing digital geographies at the intersection of feminist relationality and Black, queer and feminist code studies. I demonstrate these theoretical horizons through an analysis of ‘glitch politics’ that refuse normative digital-social-spatial relations of technocapitalist urban life, and catalyze sociospatial relations of thriving otherwise, drawing examples from digital practices of street newspapers sold by unsheltered people in cities worldwide.
Neuropathological findings in comatose patients with venoarterial extracorporeal membrane oxygenation
Authors: Cho Sung-Min , Geocadin Romergryko G , White Bartholomew , Chen Liam L
Published: January 2020

We sought to describe the relation between neuropathology and clinical information including neurological examination and electroencephalogram findings in extracorporeal membrane oxygenation. We reviewed the patients who had undergone brain autopsy from November 2017 through December 2018. Four patients with neuromonitoring had post mortem examination with brain autopsy. The median age was 56, and all had venoarterial extracorporeal membrane oxygenation cannulation. There was no known acute neurologic injury prior to extracorporeal membrane oxygenation. While on extracorporeal membrane oxygenation, all were persistently comatose off sedation. Continuous encephalogram was done on all four, all of which showed delta frequency with absent reactivity. In Case 1, the pathological evaluation demonstrated small infarcts in cerebral cortices. In Case 2, it showed cortical microhemorrhages and chronic microinfarcts in basal ganglia. In Cases 3 and 4, the neuropathological assessment demonstrated diffuse hypoxic-ischemic brain injury. The clinical presentation was consistent with the widespread neuropathologic injury in two cases (Cases 3 and 4) but not in the other two (Cases 1 and 2). While “poor neurological status” was provided in the end-of-life discussion in all four, only two had significant brain injuries. There is limited understanding about brain injury in extracorporeal membrane oxygenation. Extrapolations related to prognostication from experience in other brain injury needs to be approached cautiously.
The Black/White Skill Gap in Early Childhood: The Role of Parenting
Authors: Gibbs Benjamin G. , Downey Douglas B.
Published: January 2020

Researchers have sought to understand why cognitive skill disparities between black and white children persist in American society, but the most thorough examinations study school-aged children during a period when the black/white skill gap is already well established. Using the Early Childhood Longitudinal Study–Birth Cohort of 2001, we find trivial black/white differences in cognitive skills at 10 months of age but large disparities at 24 and 48 months, suggesting that the gap emerges in force between 10 months and age four. Although black/white differences in parenting are a powerful predictor, these variations are driven by socioeconomic and related factors that directly and indirectly shape cognitive development gaps between black and white children.
Waveform Plasticity under Entrainment to 12-h T-cycles in Drosophila melanogaster: Behavior, Neuronal Network, and Evolution
Authors: Abhilash Lakshman , Ramakrishnan Aishwarya , Priya Srishti , Sheeba Vasu
Published: January 2020

A crucial property of circadian clocks is the ability to regulate the shape of an oscillation over its cycle length (waveform) appropriately, thus enhancing Darwinian fitness. Many studies over the past decade have revealed interesting ways in which the waveform of rodent behavior could be manipulated, one of which is that the activity bout bifurcates under environments that have 2 light/dark cycles within one 24-h day (LDLD). It has been observed that such unique, although unnatural, environments reveal acute changes in the circadian clock network. However, although adaptation of waveforms to different photoperiods is well studied, modulation of waveforms under LDLD has received relatively less attention in research on insect rhythms. Therefore, we undertook this study to ask the following questions: what is the extent of waveform plasticity that Drosophila melanogaster exhibits, and what are the neuronal underpinnings of such plasticity under LDLD? We found that the activity/rest rhythms of wild-type flies do not bifurcate under LDLD. Instead, they show similar but significantly different behavior from that under a long-day LD cycle. This behavior is accompanied by differences in the organization of the circadian neuronal network, which include changes in waveforms of a core clock component and an output molecule. In addition, to understand the functional significance of such variations in the waveform, we examined laboratory selected populations that exhibit divergent eclosion chronotypes (and therefore, waveforms). We found that populations selected for predominant eclosion in an evening window ( late chronotypes) showed reduced amplitude plasticity and increased phase plasticity of activity/rest rhythms. This, we argue, is reflective of divergent evolution of circadian neuronal network organization in our laboratory selected flies.
Preparation or Provocation? Student Perceptions of Active Shooter Drills
Authors: Huskey Michael G. , Connell Nadine M.
Published: January 2020

Several highly publicized incidents of school violence in the past two decades have highlighted the importance of school safety and crisis preparation for students, parents, and school administrators. Although prior research has focused on the effectiveness of various security and crisis preparation measures, few studies have analyzed student perceptions of these policies. This study utilizes survey data collected from students at a public university in the southwestern United States to evaluate whether active shooter drills experienced in high school were related to negative student outcomes. Results show that experiencing an active shooter drill in high school was associated with significant increases in student fear, inflated perceptions of risk, and a decrease in perceptions of school safety. Implications for future research and policy initiatives regarding active shooter drills are discussed, specifically the need for increased transparency, standardization of drills, and addressing effective methods of implementing active shooter drills in schools.
Misdemeanor Courts, Due Process, and Case Outcomes
Authors: Smith Alisa , Maddan Sean
Published: January 2020

Very little research on courts and sentencing outcomes focuses on misdemeanor courts despite the fact that most crime processed through the criminal justice system is misdemeanor in nature. In fact, the overwhelming empiricism in this area is on felony court outcomes at either the federal or state levels. This research utilized a mixed methodology approach, a combination of observation, survey, and secondary data, to explore misdemeanor court outcomes across the State of Florida. In particular, this research focused on the extent of due process afforded misdemeanor defendants and how this impacted case outcomes. Findings indicate an overall lack of due process and awareness of due process rights across the vast majority of cases. This study also explored sentencing outcomes via traditional metrics associated with contemporary sentencing research. Findings suggest that misdemeanor courts processing operate much differently than felony courts. The implications for future research and policy are discussed.
A fuzzy multi-criteria decision analysis approach for risk evaluation in healthcare logistics outsourcing: Case of Morocco
Authors: Mokrini Asmae El , Aouam Tarik
Published: January 2020

Public–private partnerships in emerging countries are gradually considered a tool for growth development. One particular public–private partnership is that of outsourcing logistics in the healthcare sector. These partnerships provide several benefits for both private and public sectors but are generally associated with numerous risks that must be evaluated and subsequently managed. The aim in this paper is to develop a risk evaluation approach to rank risks when decision makers’ judgment is taken into consideration and where traditional risk evaluation techniques become less applicable. The proposed approach makes use of fuzzy multi-criteria decision analysis methods since they are efficient techniques to rank alternatives based on selected evaluation criteria and can accommodate human judgment and preferences. The approach treats predetermined risks like alternatives, and evaluation criteria are represented by areas of impact of the risks. To validate the approach, we applied it to a real case of logistics outsourcing to private service providers in a Moroccan public pharmaceutical supply chain. The ranking results obtained show that the two methods lead to some differences in ranking but are highly correlated. The obtained results support healthcare policy makers in setting priorities to effectively deploy preventive and mitigation efforts.
Interplay of fluids mixing and heat transfer in a dual-loop ORC direct contact heat exchanger used for waste heat utilization
Authors: Xiao Qingtai , Luo Wen , Huang Junwei , Xu Jianxin , Wang Hua
Published: January 2020

By bringing two immiscible fluids at different temperatures into a direct contact heat exchanger (DCHE), bubble swarms are produced in the dual-loop ORC direct contact boiling heat transfer process. The aim of this paper is to make effort to explore the interplay between mixing state quality and heat transfer performance of fluids in the DCHE. Through flow visualization of this mixing process, a simple image analysis technique is introduced to represent the formation and evolution of vapor around the injected coolant droplets. Description of the boiling heat transfer process is here achieved by average volumetric heat transfer coefficient (VHTC). Experimental results attest that the proposed mixing index is powerful and sufficient compared with the Betti numbers method for the mixing quality quantification of bubbles inside DCHE. The synergistic association between the fluids mixing process and the heat transfer process is investigated by statistical regression model of new mixing index and VHTC. The contributions, including the data from monitoring practice in ORC heat transfer system and the proposed way, are presented to delve into the transient behaviors comparison of various fluids mixing and heat transfer processes conveniently.
Hazard identification and prediction system for aircraft electrical system based on SRA and SVM
Authors: Zhou Di , Zhuang Xiao , Zuo Hongfu , Cai Jing , Bao Han
Published: January 2020

The aircraft electrical system provides power for the normal operation of the aircraft. Its normal operation is critical to ensure the safe flight of the aircraft. Therefore, it is very important to identify the hazards in the aircraft electrical system. In this paper, a hazard identification and prediction system which can intelligently identify potential hazards in aircraft electrical system is proposed. The proposed hazard identification and prediction system mainly includes three processes: variable selection, hazard identification, and hazard prediction. In the process of variable selection, the stepwise regression analysis is used to select 8 main parameters that have the major influence on the DC bus voltage value from 18 parameters. In the process of hazard identification, support vector machine is used to identify pre-existing hazards in electrical system based on the status of all components. The identification accuracy of the support vector machine is 92.3%. When the electrical system does not have unacceptable hazards, a prediction of the variation range of the DC bus voltage value in the aircraft electrical system is performed. The average prediction relative error of support vector machine is only 0.86%. Overall, the identification accuracy and average prediction relative error show that the proposed hazard identification and prediction system can accurately and effectively identify and predict the hazards in the aircraft electrical system.
Informal land investments and wealth accumulation in the context of regularization: case studies from Dar es Salaam and Mwanza
Authors: Andreasen Manja Hoppe , McGranahan Gordon , Kyessi Alphonce , Kombe Wilbard
Published: January 2020

Between half and three-quarters of new housing development in African cities has been taking place on land acquired through informal channels. This paper offers insights from a study of self-builders’ investments in informal land and housing in Dar es Salaam and Mwanza, two of the largest and fastest-growing cities in Tanzania. The findings demonstrate that self-builders’ investments in informal land and self-built housing are inextricably linked with household wealth accumulation processes and long-term security. In light of the research findings, the paper offers reflections on the potential impacts of ongoing land formalization processes. The paper argues that the informal housing system has far more advantages than appreciated by proponents of formalization, that the vision of bringing “dead capital” to life is misleading, and that the anticipated emergence of active formal markets for land and housing may not serve the needs or interests of low- and middle-income households.
Unconscious processes in Aaron Beck’s cognitive theory: Reconstruction and discussion
Authors: Romanowska Monika , Dobroczyński Bartłomiej
Published: January 2020

The concept of the unconscious has always provoked controversy. While some psychologists treated it as a relic of metaphysics or a manifestation of psychoanalytic mysticism, others saw it as an important explanatory construct. At the heart of this conflict, there is the theory proposed by Aaron Beck, the originator of cognitive therapy. According to the founding myth, he rejected the concept of the dynamic unconscious to develop an evidence-based approach. The aim of this article is to reconstruct and analyze Beck’s understanding of the unconscious based on his published works and archival materials and to identify the values that guided his theoretical choices. We argue that Beck’s conceptualization of the unconscious ignores contradictory conscious and unconscious representations and attitudes and offers no systematic model of basic needs and the conflicts between them. We conclude that this stems from Beck’s attachment to the phenomenological understanding of the psyche, emphasis on humanism in the therapeutic relationship, fear of cognitive theory losing its distinctness, and caution in formulating theories.
Classification Analysis for Brand Loyalty Determination
Authors: Chatterjee Debaleena , Basu Protik
Published: January 2020

This research article attempts to determine brand loyalty by classifying current and potential customers in the commercial paints industry based on eight promotional parameters. It is a prerogative to understand customer response towards brand promotions, which necessitates exploring the concept of brand loyalty determinants. Primary data of these eight parameters are collected (paints industry contractors) as factors contributing to brand loyalty. Parameters are ranked according to their order of importance using analytic hierarchy process (AHP). Factors having their priority vectors greater than 10 per cent are selected for further analysis. This study further uses discriminant analysis to examine if the parameters are capable of classifying the respondents into two distinct groups based on brand loyalty. Five-point Likert scale was used for each variable to collect the response on the perception of its importance in deciding whether to remain loyal to the brand or not. Five out of eight parameters are finally selected for discriminant analysis to determine if it is possible to distinguish the two groups significantly. The five parameters are preview, free sampling, perceived brand value, training and word-of-mouth communication. Analysis of the responses collected reveal that there exists a significant difference between the two groups based on the parameters. The results of this study are expected to help practitioners expand and execute customer-centric promotion strategies to prevent customers from switching to other brands.
The Starving Student Narrative: How Normalizing Deprivation Reinforces Basic Need Insecurity in Higher Education
Authors: Crutchfield Rashida M. , Carpena Andrea , McCloyn Tahirah N. , Maguire Jennifer
Published: January 2020

The starving student narrative is a well-known colloquial idiom to describe student struggle in higher education. This rhetoric masks the reality of basic need insecurity for students and normalizes food insecurity and homelessness. This qualitative study explores the experiences of 213 students who experienced homelessness and food insecurity. Findings show that students experiencing basic need insecurity reported detrimental impacts on their educational success, and their physical, mental, and emotional health. Students described feelings of shame and ambivalence as they strived to meet their needs using their own resourcefulness. Study findings provide insight on how the starving student narrative influenced students’ perceptions of selves and help-seeking and how or if they accessed support services to mitigate basic need insecurity.
Intensifying Reading Instruction for Students With Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder: Practices to Support Classroom Instruction and Family–School Collaboration
Authors: Roberts Garrett J. , Miller Gloria E. , Watts Gavin W. , Malala Dina K. , Amidon Brigette E. , Strain Phil
Published: January 2020

Many students with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) also have reading deficits. These reading deficiencies in students with ADHD are likely to be more severe than those of students with only reading difficulties. To intensify reading instruction to improve reading and behavioral outcomes for students with ADHD, this article describes research-based practices which can be integrated into the classroom reading instruction as well as foster family–school collaboration.