bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Dissolved Organic Matter of Formation Waters of Oil Deposits in Tomsk Region
Authors: Ivanova I S , Korol I S , Korneev D S
Published: April 2020

Organic matter is an integral part of the chemical composition of natural waters and plays an important role in collection and migration of chemical elements, including pollutants in water bodies. The article presents the chemical and organic composition of layer waters in the Sovetskoe and Vakhskoe oil deposits in the Tomsk region. Underground waters have chloride and sodium, and a high concentration of organic matter (sorg up to 90 mg/l). The goal of the publication is to identify the main patterns in the distribution of diluted organic matter by groups in layer waters in the south of Western Siberia and determine their potential contribution to the migration and collection of micro-elements. On the basis of the collected data on the group composition of diluted organic matter, it has been established that alkanes, naphthalens, alkyl benzenes, cyclohexanes, phenanthrenes are the most common. The results of the analysis of the micro-element composition of the extracted organic matter from the underground waters show that there is no correlation between the micro-elements composition of the water organic matter and various groups of compounds in it. We have a made suggestion that the key role in the migration and accumulation of micro-elements in water belongs to high-molecular components of organic matter that is characterised by its diverse composition and complex insufficiently studied structure.
Study on Filtering Properties of Synthetic Fabrics Used for Dehydration of Non-Sulphide Gold-Bearing Pulps
Authors: Salamatov V I , Tyutrin N O , Salamatov O V
Published: April 2020

Different types (disk, cartridge, filter-press, drum) of filters are used for dehydration of various technical suspensions. A key element of these filters is a filter membrane. Cotton and synthetic fabrics are used as filter membranes. Bases on non-sulphide gold-bearing pulp filtration, the article presents results of the study on filtering properties of mylar and mylar-nylon fabrics. Filtration kinetics for various pulps differing in the content of solid was studied. For the experiment, the authors used cotton (Article 2074 filter diagonal) and synthetic (Article 86006) filter membranes. Filtration stages and modes were identified. Conditions for initial filtering layer formation were studied.
Multicomponent Sounding by Establishing the Field of Polarizing Seam upon Its Excitation by Horizontal Electric Dipole
Authors: Nim Y A , Gogoleva L P , Illarionova M G
Published: April 2020

To expand the scope of unsteady electromagnetic fields in marine and land prospecting and mapping studies of deep-seated and/or polarized geological objects, such as oil and gas deposits, kimberlite bodies and other minerals, it is advisable to consider an engineering-analytical multicomponent model of an electrically conductive layer when excited by horizontal electric dipole – the classic causative agent of the formation of the field of horizontally layered media. To simplify analytical studies, the Cole-Cole dispersion model adopted for the polarized known plane Sη
was adopted as polarizable electrically conductive layer. The components of analytical expressions are described that describe the establishment of the electromagnetic field of an induction-induced polarizing conductive layer — objects of hydrocarbon deposits and sulphide ore occurrences. To identify the deep horizontal inhomogeneities of the section, equations are given that describe multicomponent fluxes of magnetic induction of polarized formation.
Biological and Chromatic Characteristics of Plants as a Factor for Monitoring and Management of Production Process When Applying Fertilizing Features of Production Wastes
Authors: Stepanova L P , Korenkova E A , Myshkin A I
Published: April 2020

The localization and intensity of technogenic flows of chemical elements causes the formation of technogenic anomalies and biogeochemical provinces with varying degrees of environmental distress. The purpose of the research is environmental assessment of the effectiveness of the fertilizing properties of metallurgical production wastes in nutrient soils. Studies have been conducted to determine the degree of influence of the fertilizing effect of various types of nutrient soils based on soil, slag and zeolite on germination, growth and development of seedlings of small-seeded lettuce. Seed germination, plant growth and development are affected by the water-physical properties of soils and the number of available macro and trace elements. Visual and computerized assessment of the color range of the lettuce leaves is proven to be effective to assess the level of soil contamination based on the intensity of nutrient consumption by plants.
Novel approach to Design and Analysis of Water Resources Development Model in Terms of Phytoplankton Population Dynamics
Authors: Polyak M , Kolesnikova S
Published: April 2020

Phytoplankton is one of the key markers of ecosystem health. In this article we explore a phytoplankton model described by a system of differential equations. The analytical design of aggregate regulators method is applied to the model in order to investigate its behaviour. The development of algal blooms and their diminution to the normal state of a water body are simulated. The results of simulations align well with the expected ecosystem behaviour.
The Necessity of Using Developed Cultural Traditions in Contemporary Architecture of South of Russia
Authors: Solodilova L A
Published: April 2020

Nowadays travelers all over the world are eager to see local traditional architecture typical for the given area. But the globalization processes that penetrated into architectural sphere as well, have turned the historical centers of many towns and cities into twins in their spatial pattern, technologies and materials used. As a rule, these are buildings made of glass and concrete, so characteristic for rational contemporary solutions. At the same time, there is historical architecture, surprisingly surviving in quiet outskirts of southern Russian cities and attracting genuine interest. Using photometry methods, the authors have detected, analyzed and graphically processed these examples. This architecture retained facade patterns representing artistic work of different people inhabiting the region. Each of these nations brought their own national traditions in the way of life and ornamental decoration of houses in specific form and pattern. It gives room for imagination of modern architects.
Actual Art. Ideas and Technologies in an Urban Context
Authors: Stratonova L M , Shvaleva O V , Gilmutdinova E V
Published: April 2020

Russia’s public interest is focused on modernization problems. To make Russia’s towns and cities look up-to-date must be the main task of this process. Actual art can become an effective way to aestheticism the urban area. The objective of the given article is to define and specify mechanisms of new cultural actions aimed at a creation of a new experimental phenomenon – an urban area as an integral exhibit space. At present, there are a great many methods for changing the situation in the cultural context of modern towns and cities. Nowadays, actual forms of art can become a most efficient tool of social co-operation. Informational, didactic, aesthetic, and ideological functions of art implemented in large-scale town art projects and art objects can significantly influence town residents’ way of thinking, help to unite the local community, form new kinds of leisure activities, and encourage creative activities of people of all ages. Involving young designer teams, student architectural studios, and decorative artist alliances can be regarded as a method for solving the above mentioned problems. In this case, the major idea is to make joint team efforts in order to create innovation residential areas. The results can be expressed in design concepts directed towards integrating contemporary art into the context of the urban environment. This article is meant to be a basis of the content that will allow to get quickly acquainted with actual concepts and methods for solving problems of forming cultural “landscape” and contemporary urban area ambience. Provided, active involving creative youth in co-operation process for both, creation of art objects and discussion of them, is to be a necessary condition. Cognitive methods for mastering actual art techniques, new visualization forms, and gaming and carnival scripts of art projects presentations are intended to become an efficient mechanism for creating a basically new appearance of towns and cities.
Historical Prototypes in Modern Architecture of Harbin
Authors: Kozyrenko I S
Published: April 2020

Harbin - modern metropolis of northern China. Developing at an intense pace, he catastrophically lost his architectural heritage. To liberate territories for new construction, historical objects with unique architecture that were designed by Russian specialists were demolished. Currently, the historical environment of the city has been preserved in fragments. But in the architecture of new buildings there is a steady tendency to use retro styles as: baroque, classicism, modern, gothic.
Lost Architecture of the East frontier
Authors: Ivanova A P
Published: April 2020

This article talks about lost or destroyed objects that were built at early stages of colonization of the eastern frontier of the Russian Empire. The classification proposed by the author will include three categories: temporary wooden architecture with elements of a “national style” that decorated public spaces (arches, verandas, awnings, landing stages, carved facade decorations of educational institutions, railway stations, etc.); residential buildings of Russian and Ukrainian settlers; dachas, trading posts, estates and castles created by foreign and westernized Russian entrepreneurs (Yankovsky, Startsev, F. Geck, etc). The conclusion says that it is important to reproduce not only individual objects, but the lifestyle of the first colonists who reproduced European civilization patterns “in the wilds of the Ussuri Krai”. The empirical base of the study consists of materials of the expeditions, historical photographs and memoirs.
Yuri Trautman – Coastal Cities Head Architect and Urban Planner. The Beginning
Authors: Vassiliev N , Ovsyannikova E
Published: April 2020

A paper is focused on relatively unknown professional biography of architect and Urban Planner Yuri Trautman. Trautman is known mostly for his later career when he was a Vladivostok city Head Architect. Authors recent findings in the Sevastopol City Archive reveals a new facts of his earlier work on post-war city restoration where he have received a first chance to work as a urban planner as well as an architect. Together with his friend and also Leningrad Engineering and Construction Institute alumni Valentin Arthyukhov he leads a Sevastopol General Plan development and participated in public buildings project design process, one of it, Hotel Sevastopol usually mentioned as his solo work. Despite it, new facts shows much more complicated and interesting picture.
Topical Issues of Staffing in the Hospitality Industry of the Republic of Crimea
Authors: Zhavoronkova O R , Nikiforov I R
Published: April 2020

The paper deals with the current state of staffing the hospitality industry enterprises with qualified personnel. The dynamics of staff flows, as well as their remuneration rate are described. In addition, the paper highlights main activities undertaken by the Ministry of Tourism and Resorts of the Republic of Crimea and the Ministry of Education, Science and Youth of the Republic of Crimea connected with personnel availability in collective accommodation facilities. It is proved that these measures solve the issue of staffing during the holiday season partially. At the same time, the existing policy does not contribute to the human resource capacity building and development, as it leaves unsettled challenges associated with employee turnover and their full employment. The relevant factors with a negative influence on the staffing in the hospitality industry enterprises are considered. Certain activities carried out to neutralize the negative impact of these factors are described. Some possible solutions for the problem under consideration are proposed. It is stated that solving staffing issues must be addressed comprehensively with resolution of common challenges in the hospitality industry. Considering an uneven distribution of resources in the Republic of Crimea, including collective accommodation facilities, the paper explains practicability of creating a tourism cluster in the region. To cope with challenges noted in the paper, a concentric diversification scenario of creating a tourism cluster is proposed. Some dominant factors of creating the tourism cluster, such as establishing boundaries of the state’s partnership with representatives of the business environment and other institutions in education, health, catering, leisure and other related areas, are noted. When establishing partnerships between the government and potential participants in the cluster, it is necessary for the government to provide support for defining the collaborative mechanism, beneficiaries and each cluster member’s responsibilities.
Contemporary Urban Space: Social Reflection
Authors: Kostina E , Orlova N , Panfilova A
Published: April 2020

The article deals with the social nature of the city, modern urban processes and their impact on human life. The continuous growth of the urban population is a trend of the last century and at the same time a sociocultural challenge that changes the parameters of human life. Indeed, for a comfortable living in the city it is not enough to take into account the requirements of the engineering and technical networks of the architectural space, it is necessary to take into account other aspects of human interaction with the urban environment. This is important for the further social development of the urban lands, for the formation and promotion of a benevolent attitude of the residents to their city, and a sincere desire to improve its environment. These tasks are also priority guidelines for the public policy. The marginalization of urban space in a number of its forms opposes these tasks; on the contrary, it forms a marginal urban identity among the residents, manifested in the absence of attachment to the city, indifferent and irresponsible, and sometimes criminal attitude to it and its objects. The way out that the authors see is expanding social cooperation, involving townspeople in the development of the urban environment, stimulating public initiative in this area; strengthening the interaction of the public urban circles with managers; in establishing a dialogue between them.
Research of Oily Wastewater Treatment by means of Membrane Methods
Authors: Makisha N
Published: April 2020

Membrane bioreactors nowadays are intensively applied in wastewater treatment worldwide. Such type of treatment systems has a large scope of implementation at facilities of different capacity. Undoubtedly, the use of MBR for the treatment of industrial wastewater greatly simplifies the process with significant fluctuations in the concentrations in the original wastewater and the presence of “volley discharges”. BMR technology-bio-reactor with activated carbon and membrane separation is also of a certain interest. The use of this technology largely solves the issue of post-treatment of refinery wastewater, but returns us to the problem of high operating costs. An alternative to biological methods of wastewater treatment of the refinery can be the use of reverse osmosis plants for this purpose, providing the necessary degree of purification for a number of indicators. The method of reverse osmosis (RO) is already widely used in schemes of water treatment, drinking water supply and post-treatment of wastewater for reuse.
Scour Characteristics of the Underwater Crossing of Trunk Gas Pipeline Across the River Lena
Authors: Ammosov G S , Kornilova Z G , Yakovlev Yu A
Published: April 2020

The design data of the underwater crossing of the trunk gas pipeline (TGPL), which is an extension of the main gas pipeline of Hatassy GDS-2, for gasification of regions on the eastern side of the river Lena of the Republic of Sakha (Yakutia) are considered. Scours behaviour of the underwater crossing of TGPL across the river Lena is examined taking into account hydromorphological factors. The influence of hydrological and exogenous processes on the state of the underwater passage of Hatassy-Pavlovsk TGPL is shown by the example of the line-II. Changes of the river bottom profiles in the area of TGPL fixed at four discharge section lines, as well as water consumption were analyzed. It is shown that the presence of the underwater gas pipeline significantly affects the nature of the movement of micro- and meso-forms of the river bottom. It has been established that the constantly changing hydrological and hydromorphological processes resulted in sagging of the inverted siphon section in the line-II of the underwater crossing of Hatassy-Pavlovsk TGPL. During the designing and construction of the first line of the underwater gas pipeline across the river Lena, major omissions were committed, the peculiarities of the hydromorphological and hydrologic features of the river bed evolution in the section of the underwater passage of Tabaga-Kangalassy TGPL across the river Lena had not been taken into account. The effects of hydrodynamic and permafrost processes, heaving phenomena on floodplain and shore slope together increase the non-functional loads on the underwater gas pipeline. As a result of these factors, high longitudinal tensile stresses arise, especially in the welded joints of the inverted siphon pipes, and lead to accidents and incidents at the underwater gas pipeline across the river Lena.
Experimental Study of Shear Behavior of Rock Joints under Two Types of Boundary Conditions: Constant Normal Load and Constant Normal Stiffness
Authors: Usol’tseva O M , Tsoi P A , Semenov V N
Published: April 2020

Shear destruction of rock mass along weakened planes is one of the main reasons of the failure of career boards, underground workings and rock slopes. The paper deals with laboratory testing of rock joints under direct shear loading. Special test and measurement complex was created to study deformation and strength characteristics of rock joints. Test specimens were made from single slab of sandstone of homogeneous structure. Shear tests have been conducted under constant normal load (CNL) and constant normal stiffness (CNS) boundary conditions at three values of normal compressive stress: 0.5 MPa, 1.2 MPa and 1.8 MPa. The analysis of test results allowed to reveal patterns of changes of deformation-strength properties of rock joints depending on the level of normal load, boundary conditions and roughness values. The ultimate shear stress is always higher under CNS boundary condition than CNL for the same values of normal compressive stress. Shear stress practically retains constant value after reaching the ultimate stress under CNL boundary conditions and it decreases under CNS conditions. The values of ultimate shear stresses, shear modulus and the length of linear section on “shear stress–shear displacement” curve increases with increasing surface roughness at the equal levels of normal compressive stress.
The Impact of Ionized Air (Aeronization) on the Blood Counts of Lab Rats
Authors: Habaeva Z , Bzikov O , Arutyunyants A A
Published: April 2020

The article submits the research results and the estimation of the negative aeroions influence on the animals living capacity. The rats blood peculiarities are analyzed in the conditions of the negative aeroions excess and lack in the breathed in air.
Technical Review of Robotic Complexes for Underground Mining
Authors: Plotnikov N S , Kolokoltseva E U , Volkova Y V
Published: April 2020

The paper contains classifies robots for work in mines, the tasks they perform, compares developments in this area with a description of the difficulties and solutions which have found. Social and economic difficulties that often hamper the process of automation and robotization of underground mining are given.
The Swimming Behavior of Daphnia Magna Ensemble in Two-Dimensional Space from the Diffusion Motion Point of View
Authors: Nasyrova E I , Nikitin O V
Published: April 2020

Locomotion and dispersal are important processes that affect the distribution and abundance of organisms in aquatic environment. In this study we observed the movement of a group of Daphnia magna called an ensemble. In laboratory conditions, the distribution of fifty daphnids (in triplicate) at the release from the point source in two-dimensions was examined. In experiments, animals were placed in a square plastic container with thin layer of culture medium and the video of their movements was recorded. Video processing and measuring of swimming behaviour was carried out by the TrackTox software. Mathematical and statistical analyses were performed using the functions and packages of the R software. The diffusion motion equation used allowed to obtain the value of the diffusion coefficient, which in our case was 0.051±0.009 cm2 s–1. The approach used can be used to model the migration and spatial distribution of these microscopic crustaceans. Moreover, given the fact that certain parameters of swimming behavior are already used to toxicity assessment, the diffusion parameters of a Daphnia ensemble can also be proposed as a characteristic in ecotoxicological studies.
Intensified Anaerobic Organic Waste Disposal under Extreme Natural Temperatures of the Environment
Authors: Petrova S A , Okhlopkova M K
Published: April 2020

The technology of anaerobic organic waste disposal is presented under psychrophilic conditions using the adjusted mesophilic additive. The evidence justifying the adaptation of the existing biogas technologies for their profitable use at low natural temperatures is provided. Ways for the improvement of waste disposal in biopower plants are developed. The technological process of anaerobic digestion of organic waste that has six stages.
Determination of the Anthropogenic Load Degree in the Basin of the Small Alma River
Authors: Ivankova T V
Published: April 2020

The ecological state of the small rivers basins determines water and hydrochemical regime of larger rivers and groundwater deposits. The necessary measures for a small river condition improving are identified on the assessment of ecological status of its headwater. Spatial ecological diagnostics of the small Alma River basin was conducted. Critical environmental situation in the basin’s piedmont was revealed. This territory is located in the gathering artesian basin and creates a potential environmental hazard for ground waters.
Geochemistry and Geotectonic Setting of the Post-orogenic granites at Qala En Nahal-Um Sagata Area, Gedarif State, Sudan
Authors: Hassan M A , Kotelnikov A E , Abdullah E A
Published: April 2020

The survey area is located about 70 km southeast of Gedarif city, in Gedarif State east of Sudan, within two major lithological associations, representing two different crustal entities; Saharan Metacraton (SMC) in the west and the Arabian Nubian Shield (ANS) to the east. This study aims to investigate the post-orogenic granites at Qala En Nahal-Um Sagata. Geologically, both the petrographic characteristics and rock geochemistry investigation have been conducted in order to determine the tectonic environment and original protolith of these granites rocks. The area is made up of predominantly low-grade volcano-sedimentary rocks, ophiolite complex and belt of high-grade metasediments and gneiss into which voluminous granitic rocks have been emplaced. The post-orogenic granites of Ban-Balos are non foliated, high K calc-alkaline, I-type, post-dating the main collisional event emplacement at shallow levels intrusions.
Signs of Vertically Extending Mineralization in the Nizhnetaezhny Polymetallic Ore District (Northern Primorye)
Authors: Ivin V V , Medvedev E I
Published: April 2020

In this work, to study the vertical extent of mineralization, determine the level of erosion, and identify signs of longitudinal placement of silver mineralization of the Nizhnetaezhny ore district (NOD) For this, the main indicator indicators Ag, Au, Cu, Zn, Pb were identified based on the maximum correlation coefficient, Sn, Sb, As, Mo. Then, the ratios of the linear productivities of the indicator elements for the main ore zones of the Scientific and Technological Logging were made: Kumirnoe - Sb * Ag * As / Cu * Sn, Kabaniy - Sb * As * Ag / Cu * Sn, SredniySukhoy - Sn * Pb * Zn / Au * As, Levoberezhnoe -Sn * Pb * Zn / W * Mo. The obtained geochemical data of changes in the multiplicative coefficients allowed us to identify areas according to their erosion: weakly eroded (Kumirny, SredniySukhoy) and significantly eroded (Kabany, Levoberezhnoe), and then divide them into upper ore, ore and under ore. At all sites (except for the SredniySukhoy), at the level of the conditionally subsided horizon, a tendency of gradual increase in productivity was revealed, which indicates the long-range placement of productive ore zones and makes it possible to suggest the presence of powerful and productive silver zones hidden at depth. The data obtained provide the prerequisites for the revaluation of the prospects of the deep horizons of the NOD silver mineralization.
Arctic Sea Ice Cover Sensitivity Analysis in Global Climate Model
Authors: Parkhomenko V P
Published: April 2020

Results of numerical of coupled numerical experiments with 3D atmospheric general circulation model, upper layer ocean model and sea ice evolution model are carried out and discussed for Arctic region. Model calculations to analyze sea ice cover evolution are carried out. Calculated sea ice cover distributions for different seasons are presented. Sea ice cover sensitivity analysis to base models parameters, determining atmosphere, ocean and ice interaction, sensible heat flux from sea ice and snow surface, heat flux from ocean to ice is presented. The spatial and seasonal structure of changes has rather complex non-uniform character, there are great areas of opposite changes. It is connected with nonlinear behavior of feedback and interactions in model system including an atmosphere, sea ice and ocean. The author was supported by the Russian Foundation for Basic Research (project no. №17-01-00693).
Geological Geomorphological Analysis of the Town of Belgorod
Authors: Zatolokina N M , Kurochkina K A , Lukashova N V
Published: April 2020

The article presents the analysis of the condition and use of the terrain of the town of Belgorod and a geological geomorphological analysis of the town’s territory. The terrain of the Belgorodskaya oblast was studied and analyzed as a whole, the geomorphological regions were listed based on absolute heights and erosive breakdown of the surface in the Belgorodskaya oblast. Environmental and geomorphological research of the terrain in Belgorod helped to identify types of morphosculpture that have been represented in the present article. Problems that arise in the town’s territory because of negative terrain were studied, causes of man-made impact on the town’s territory were represented and erosion forms from the first to the fifth order were identified. Solutions to these problems were also given that were associated with the organization of the urban space in the terrain of the town of Belgorod.
Study of the Features of the Operation of a Dump Truck BelAZ 75131 at the Enterprise of JSC “AGD DIAMONDS” in the Conditions of the Far North
Authors: Toskunin I , Tyagunin A , Lagunov A , Kutinov Yu , Chistova Z
Published: April 2020

The circumpolar region has large natural reserves in the bowels. To develop these reserves, the company AGD “DIAMONDS JSC” uses a BelAZ 75131 mining dump truck, but at the same time difficulties arise due to the influence of low negative temperatures on the performance of the equipment. We conducted an analysis, identified the main features of the operation of the dump truck, identified the factors that affect simple machinery, made recommendations on reducing failures associated with the destruction of metal structures, on preparing the engine, undercarriage and brake systems, on equipping the production base, on labor protection and life safety when working on the BelAZ 75131 mining dump truck at low negative temperatures in order to minimize the failures of equipment operating in the Far North.
Computer Science in Environmental Safety Research
Authors: Udartseva O , Nikolsky O
Published: April 2020

The today’s state-of-the-art chemical plant protection method is cost-effective. However, the environmental safety of this process is questionable. Aerosol pesticides are not targeted; only 5% to 30% of the sprayed dosage is actually deposited on plants, whereas the rest ends up in the soil. Although high-stability pesticides are no longer in use, low- and medium-stability agents have been recorded to render soil toxic to plants. When spraying, large drops exceeding 200 µm roll down to the soil and contaminate it. Smaller droplets (< 100 µm) are gone with the wind. It is imperative to systematically monitor the process of spraying chemical protective agents from the environmental standpoint. As a tool for monitoring and forecasting, this paper proposes a software package that can monitor the spraying process online. The package comprises a data module, a pesticide spraying test module, and a data visualization/storage module. The proposed system provides real-time monitoring of the spraying process and records the concentration of pesticides, whether plant- or soil-deposited; if necessary, the user can make changes in the agent and toolkit database. Field tests have been carried out using this software to identify the environmentally safest spraying system; it generates droplets sized 120 µm, which is necessary for chemical treatment of crops. Other sprayers involved in the experiment either had a drop size >200 µm, which would quickly reach the soil; or <100 µm, which would be quickly dispersed by the wind. Field test data can be further used to optimize the pesticide spraying process.
An Influence of the Peculiarities of the Concentration Field of Gaseous Fire Extinguishing Substances with High Boiling Point on Their Fire Extinguishing Properties
Authors: Kopylov S N , Kopylov P S , Eltyshev I P , Boroday S P , Rozum L I
Published: April 2020

Behaviour of fluoroketone CF3CF2C(O)CF(CF3)2 as gaseous fire suppressant in various volumes was studied computationally and experimentally. It was showed that non-uniformity of the concentration field of fire extinguishing agent having high boiling point influences strongly its effectiveness: extinguishing concentration of the fluoroketone rises from 3.5 % vol. in the smallest volume (1 m3) up to 4.5 % vol. in 100 m3. Relatively uniform extinguishing medium was found in 1 m3 only. In bigger volumes a torus-like inhomogeneity with a reduced concentration of fire suppressant in the middle part of the room is formed. To compensate this effect it is necessary to increase the average concentration of the agent. More complex geometry of the experimental premise may cause appearance of long-term existing non-uniformity of extinguishing environment which is difficult to overcome by increasing the average concentration of fire suppressant or by increasing the discharge time. To obtain practically effective test results it is necessary to increase standard test chamber to 100 m3 (or more).
The Establishment of the Hydraulic Structure Optimal Size in the Conditions of Underground Kimberlite Mines
Authors: Ovchinnikov N P , Portnyagina V V
Published: April 2020

The article is devoted to the establishment of the hydraulic structures optimal size in underground kimberlite mines. According to the results of parametric tests, the authors obtained a mathematical formula that allows with a high degree of accuracy to calculate the optimal dimensions of the clarifying tanks and water tanks in terms of settling mine water for the needs of the underground kimberlite mines of the Russian Federation.
The influence of the Subjective Preference Vector of the Transport Service Customer on the Selection of the International Transportation Organization Option
Authors: Kiseleva E V , Permyakova O G , Gavriushkov E N
Published: April 2020

This article suggests using the subjective preference vector method to select transport and logistics options for cargo delivery. The main concept of the subjective preference method is the transition from purely logical or algorithmic methods to heuristic methods. It also includes the decision-maker in the decision logic. The article presents an analysis of the preference method used for decision making facilitation. This method can be used for decision making concerning the selection of the transport and logistics system for cargo delivery, provided that the decision-makers have full and consistent information. The main principles of this method’s application are described.
Simulation and Evaluation of the Efficiency of Oil-contaminated Wastes Recycling System
Authors: Derevyanov M Yu , Pleshivtseva Yu E , Afinogentov A A
Published: April 2020

The paper presents the results of simulation and evaluation of the efficiency of the system for the oil-contaminated wastes (OCW) recycling. The recycling system includes facilities for the OCW storing, technological installations for their processing and all necessary infrastructures that ensure the interconnection of the elements of the system under consideration. The system elements are evaluated using the basic CCR model and Super-efficiency model of the Data Envelopment Analysis (DEA) method. The algorithm has been developed to evaluate the efficiency of the OCW utilization system, which allows one to select the best tech-nologies and storage facilities for the OCW recycling, taking into account their relative estimations with respect to resource value and reuse potential, as well as logistic criterion evaluating trans-portation costs and ecological criterion evaluating environmental safety of recycling processes in the analyzed system.
Modified Bleaching Clay as a Sorption Material
Authors: Lupandina N S , Sapronova Zh A
Published: April 2020

In the process of refining vegetable oils, bleaching clays are often used, which leads to the formation of organic mineral solid waste. In the work, the possibility of neutralizing waste bleaching clay by the thermal method and its subsequent use for sewage treatment from dyes was investigated. As a result of the waste heat treatment, a finely dispersed powder was obtained, on the surface of which there were products of various degrees of carbonization of organic substances. To substantiate the theoretical possibility of using the studied material as an adsorbent, the structure of its structure was studied. The obtained micrographs showed that the particles of the modified material are a loose bulk surface with protrusions, cracks, channels, which indicates a strong defect in their surface and high surface energy of the system as a whole, which is a positive factor for the occurrence of adsorption processes. Studies on model solutions of the dye “methylene blue” allowed us to establish that the optimum temperature for roasting is 350 °C and to achieve a cleaning efficiency of 96%.
Concurrent-Separate Constant Pressure Water Injection Design Optimization Technique Considering the Threshold Pressure Gradient
Authors: Xiaofeng Zhou , Guomin Xu , Jianguang Wei , Jiangtao Li , Talat Ogli Gayubov Abdumalik , Tianqing Lan , Guangwei Hao
Published: April 2020

A new complex technique for optimizing the design of concurrent-separate constant pressure water injection (CSI), considering the threshold pressure gradient, is proposed. First, the regularity of the each production unit water omnidirectional movement was determined based of the constructed 3D-geological model of the studied field object, and then the critical values of the inefficient water injection into multilayer formations process indicators were calculated based on the obtained data. Second, using an intelligent borehole monitoring and control system, the threshold pressure of water injection into the productive reservoir was determined and CSI special blanks were constructed under constant pressure, taking into account the threshold pressure gradient in injection wells. Third, a procedure has been developed for determining the optimal water injection pressure of each production facility into the productive reservoir during the development of multilayer oil fields. The application of the proposed technique for optimizing the CSI design under constant pressure is by an example of field data from the Daqing oil field of the People’s Republic of China (PRC). The calculation results show that the injected under the constant pressure water efficiency factor value increased significantly by 8.6% due to the sensible separation of the volume of water injected into the productive reservoir. The proposed technique may be useful for CSI designing optimization on other oil fields.
Microbiological Enrichment
Authors: Batarshin V , Semiokhin A , Sotnikova P
Published: April 2020

In the modern world, there is a problem of incomplete separation of concentrate from the enriched rock, which leads to losses of precious minerals and high costs at enterprises. This problem is not noticeable in the release of the concentrate of the rock, which is common. However, with the release of rare minerals, for example, such as gallium, cadmium or uranium, it becomes the main. This article will consider the process of enrichment of the rock, the way resorting to the help of mesophilic and thermophilic bacteria and allowing to allocate the maximum amount of concentrate.
Land and Informational Approach to the Technological Security of Nuclear Testing Site Economic Use
Authors: Akhmetov B Z , Ustavich G A , Dubrovskiy A V
Published: April 2020

As of today, nuclear tests are prohibited by the Comprehensive Nuclear-Test-Ban Treaty (CTBT) that was adopted by the 50th session of the UN General Assembly in 1996. However, in the more than 50 years of nuclear testing, more than 2000 nuclear explosions have been carried out on nuclear test sites. Nuclear tests have caused irreversible damage to the local environment, in particular to the nuclear test sites themselves. Most of them have been shut down and have not been used for a long time. Today there have been attempts to use radiation polluted lands for economic purposes. The article explores the practice of topographic and cadastre surveys in the nuclear testing facility at Semipalatinsk. The goal of these measures is a land survey to measure the radioactive pollution and identify possible uses of the land with different degrees of pollution for economic purposes of the residents of the nuclear testing facility and its environs. The article introduces the term “forced land use”, which results from the fact that people inhabit territories that have been previously polluted by radiation. The developed land and information approach proposes to divide the area into zones depending on the degree of radiation pollution and possible types of economic activities. Land survey involves a land mapping that shows the registered amounts of radionuclide. Methods of geoinformation analysis and secondary radiactive contamination distribution simulation are employed to conduct the land survey and establish possible economic uses.
Combined Torque Converter for Mining Machines
Authors: Trushin N , Antsev A
Published: April 2020

Transmissions of many technological and transport machines for mining enterprises are equipped with hydro-mechanical transmissions (HMT) with torque converters. HMTs have a number of positive properties. But a significant drawback of traditional automotive single-stage (single-turbine) torque converters is their relatively narrow torque ratio, which most often makes 2 or 3. Multi-stage torque converters in which two or three turbines are simultaneously connected to the output shaft demonstrate higher converting properties. The toque ratio of multi-stage hydraulic torque converters makes 4-6 or more. The drop in the efficiency in the range of large ratios and the lack of hydraulic coupling mode is one of the disadvantages of multistage torque converters. In order to overcome these shortcomings, the design of a combined torque converter is proposed. It combines modes of operation with one and two active turbines, as well as modes of hydraulic coupling and blocking. The main turbine of a combined torque converter is of the centrifugal type. The combination of single-stage and two-stage operation modes is achieved through the use of a composite pump wheel, one part of which can be used as a second centrifugal turbine. Two clutches are provided to control the torque converter.
Patterns and Features of the Formation of New Oil and Gas Provinces in the Russian Arctic (on the Example of the Nenets Autonomous Okrug)
Authors: Pilyasov A N , Tsukerman V A
Published: April 2020

The article presents the results of the development of the Strategy for socioeconomic development of the Nenets Autonomous Okrug until 2030, in which the authors took part. The fundamental difference between the latest oil industry development of the Nenets Autonomous Okrug and the Soviet model is substantiated, and the proximity of the development algorithms, schemes and actors with foreign analogues of the NAO is substantiated. The most important result of the transition to a new corporate-state development scheme was the new, more economical, transport logistics of cargo delivery and oil export; the transition from a stationary scheme to a rotational method of organizing work and, at the same time, wasteful duplication of infrastructure efforts by each large company. The conclusion is made on the fundamental role of innovation, including in the field of telecommunications, for the success of the new development model of the Nenets Autonomous Okrug.
Basic Simulation Models of Car Failure Flows
Authors: Zakharov N S , Makarova A N , Buzin V A
Published: April 2020

In the article, the issue of modelling of a maintenance requirement flow and car failure flow is considered. Two modelling approaches are mentioned: the use of the “blackbox” principle without taking into account the regularities of the system elements interaction, and the approach providing modelling not only the interaction of the system with its environment, but also the system structure. Reasonability of the simulation model use to solve the considered issue is proved. A classification of car failure flow models is offered. Algorithms of the basic simulation models of car failure flows are described.
The Assessment of the Influence of the Hydrogeological Regime of Rivers on the Conditions of the Decentralized Water Supply in Karst Areas
Authors: Romanov R V , Kuzichkin O R , Dorofeev N V , Grecheneva A V
Published: April 2020

The article shows that the level of river flow has a significant impact on the development of destructive karst-suffusion processes. Karst water exchange systems have a high natural and anthropogenic vulnerability of groundwater resources and low ability to self-purify. The water quality of decentralized water supply sources largely depends on the presence of active karst processes. The studies were conducted in the territory of the village of Chud Navashinsky district of the Nizhny Novgorod region, subject to karst-suffusion processes. The hydrogeological characteristic of the study area is determined; the generalized characteristics of the seasonal fluctuations of the river flow are calculated. The development of karst processes in the study area is assessed. It has been determined that during the year, the period of spring flood on the Oka River has the greatest impact on landfall formation. It has been established that unauthorized dumps of municipal solid waste located in the karst zones of the Chud village affect the chemical composition and increase the total salinity of groundwater used for decentralized water supply. The results can be used to improve the regional model for assessing the resources of vulnerability and protection of groundwater and predicting the activation of destructive karst processes in the karst zone of the Oka River basin, Nizhny Novgorod Region.
A Test Method for Individual Control of the Engine’s Ecological Parameters
Authors: Gritsenko A V , Shepelev V D , Moor A D
Published: April 2020

An analysis of the state-of-the-art has shown that the dominating number of failures falls at internal combustion engines (ICEs): the ignition system - 15-25%, the power system -30-44%, the exhaust system - 10-15%. It follows from the analysis of modern ICE configurations that the most applicable ICE control method is a selective control method with a subsequent individual adjustment for the current technical condition. The combination of a gas analyzer installed individually in each collector, a motor tester and a test mode former with the function of ensuring test modes allows us to identify failures of the three systems with a high accuracy and to assign an individual corrective action to ensure the specified ecological and economic parameters. A small percentage of throttle opening reliably reflects the information on the mechanical and electrical parts of the injector, matching of the mixture formation and the combustion process at minimal toxicity. In case of a large percentage of throttle opening, the data on the injector section, operation of the ignition system on a rich mixture and significant outlet resistance is informatively reflected.
Structural–Tectonic Model of Hydrocarbons Formation in the Basement of the Vietnam Shelf
Authors: Kerimov V Yu , Leonov M G , Mustaev R N
Published: April 2020

The purpose of this study is to identify patterns of hydrocarbon origin within the Pre-Cenozoic basement of the Vietnam shelf. It is shown that the formation of hydrocarbon deposits is associated with protrusive granite massifs that underwent structural–tectonic reworking at the prototectonic and posthumous (postmagmatic) tectonic stage. Together, the posthumous structure-forming processes led to changes in the viscosity properties of rocks, their tectonic and material inhomogeneity, lamination, and, as a result, vertical and lateral spatial redistribution with the formation of granite protrusions. The mechanisms by which voids and oil and gas traps formed within protrusions are considered. Possible mechanisms for hydrocarbon migration and accumulation in basement rocks are considered. It is confirmed that the formation of hydrocarbon deposits occurred due to lateral and downward migration of hydrocarbons via contact zones from Oligocene and Miocene oil source rocks into crystalline massifs: into voids and increased fracture zones in the protrusion body.
Use of Subpermafrost Groundwater Resources for Drinking Water Supply in Yakutia
Authors: Fedorova S V
Published: April 2020

In central Yakutia, Russia, the use of subpermafrost water for domestic purposes is limited due to the elevated levels of lithium and some other elements. Based on a review of available data on well water chemistry, this study estimated lithium contents in groundwater of the southern Yakutian Artesian Basin. The highest concentrations of lithium were found to occur in subpermafrost water of the Lower Jurassic – Middle Cambrian aquifer system due to the presence of clay rocks. The ion exchange method was demonstrated experimentally to be capable of reducing lithium levels to the drinking water standard. A series of laboratory experiments performed by the author produced graphical curves of lithium removal from model solutions and natural subpermafrost waters. They also provided the kinetic and dynamic characteristics of the lithium removal process. In the course of the experimental studies on the subpermafrost water purification of casting by the ion exchange method, content of lithium reduced from 0.41 to 0.006 mg/L. The results of this study may be useful for developing subpermafrost water treatment schemes for drinking purposes