bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Barcoding of Plant Viruses with Circular Single-Stranded DNA Based on Rolling Circle Amplification
Authors: Jeske Holger
Published: August 2018

The experience with a diagnostic technology based on rolling circle amplification (RCA), restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP) analyses, and direct or deep sequencing (Circomics) over the past 15 years is surveyed for the plant infecting geminiviruses, nanoviruses and associated satellite DNAs, which have had increasing impact on agricultural and horticultural losses due to global transportation and recombination-aided diversification. Current state methods for quarantine measures are described to identify individual DNA components with great accuracy and to recognize the crucial role of the molecular viral population structure as an important factor for sustainable plant protection.
Relative Clinical and Cost Burden of Community-Acquired Pneumonia Hospitalizations in Older Adults in the United States—A Cross-Sectional Analysis
Authors: Olasupo Omotola , Xiao Hong , Brown Joshua D.
Published: August 2018

The relative burden of community-acquired pneumonia (CAP) in older adults (≥65 years old) compared to other serious diseases is important to prioritize preventive treatment. A retrospective analysis was conducted using the 2014 National Readmission Database to evaluate the length of stay, inpatient mortality, 30-day readmissions, and costs of CAP compared to diabetes mellitus (DM), myocardial infarction (MI), and stroke. 275,790 hospitalizations were analyzed and represented a national estimate of 616,300 hospitalizations, including 269,961 for CAP, 71,284 for DM, 126,946 for MI, and 148,109 for stroke. The mean length of stay in CAP was 5.2 days, which was higher than DM (4.6) and MI (4.3) but similar to stroke (5.6). The inpatient mortality risk was lower for DM (RR: 0.37, 95% CI: 0.29–0.46) but higher for MI (RR: 1.67, 95% CI: 1.50–1.85) and stroke (RR: 1.67, 95% CI: 1.51–1.83). The median costs for CAP ($7282) were higher compared to DM ($6217) but lower compared to MI ($14,802) and stroke ($8772). The 30-day readmission rate was 17% in CAP, which was higher compared to MI (15%) and stroke (11.5%) and lower compared to DM (20.3%). In patients with CAP, disease burden is on par with other serious diseases. CAP should be prioritized for prevention in older adults with strategies such as vaccination and smoking cessation.
Isotopic Characteristics of Precipitation and Origin of Moisture Sources in Hemuqiao Catchment, a Small Watershed in the Lower Reach of Yangtze River
Authors: Qu Simin , Chen Xueqiu , Wang Yifan , Shi Peng , Shan Shuai , Gou Jianfeng , Jiang Peng
Published: August 2018

The stable isotopes of oxygen and hydrogen in the water cycle have become a significant tool to study run-off formation, hydrograph separation, and the origin of precipitation. Precipitation assessment based on isotopic data has a potential implication for moisture sources. In the study, δD and δ18O of precipitation samples collected from six rainfall events were analyzed for stable isotope composition to provide implication of isotopic characteristics as well as moisture sources in Hemuqiao basin within Lake Tai drainage basin, eastern China. In these events, stable oxygen and hydrogen isotopic composition of precipitation had strong variations. Models of the meteoric water line and deuterium excess for different rainfall types (typhoon and plum rain, which is caused by precipitation along a persistent stationary front known as the Meiyu front for nearly two months during the late spring and early summer between eastern Russia, China, Taiwan, Korea and Japan) were established. Compared with plum rain, the moisture source of typhoon events had higher relative humidity and temperature. Moisture transport pathways were traced using the Hybrid Single-Particle Lagrangian Integrated Trajectory Model (HYSPLIT Model, developed by NOAA, Washington DC, U.S.) to verify the linkage with isotopic composition and moisture source. The moisture sources of typhoon events mostly derived from tropical ocean air with higher isotopic value, while that of plum rain events came from near-source local air with lower isotopic value.
Dimensions of Image: A Model of Destination Image Formation
Authors: Santana Lílian Dominguez , Sevilha Gosling Marlusa De
Published: August 2018

This study sought to develop and test empirically a model that examines the relationship between four destination image dimensions (i.e., cognitive, affective, unique, and overall image), their antecedents (i.e., familiarity, sociodemographic characteristics, and tourist motivations),
and their influence on behavioral intentions. A quantitative research method based on online and physical surveys was used, resulting in 396 valid questionnaires analyzed by applying structural equation modeling. The reference unit was Ilheus, in Bahia, Brazil. The main results are related
to the interrelationship between the destination image dimensions and overall image. The latter is strongly influenced by cognitive and affective images and indirectly by unique image. Cognitive image exerts a strong influence on the other dimensions of destination image. As for the dimensions'
antecedents, informational familiarity mainly influences cognitive image (positively). Considering experiential familiarity, the number of visits negatively affects cognitive image. Sociodemographic characteristics (i.e., social class and level of education) also have a negative influence
on cognitive image. Tourist motivations have a direct influence on cognitive and unique image and indirectly on affective image. Finally, the results also confirm the influence of overall image on intentions to recommend and return to a destination.
Understanding Influences Affecting Local Visitors to an International Arts Festival
Authors: Boyle Stephen , Reaiche Carmen , Abdullah Abm , Murad Md Wahid
Published: August 2018

This study is an attempt to identify and analyze the factors that may influence local visitors to attend an international arts festival. Using primary data collected via surveys and employing the technique of logistic regression, the researchers identified four factors that significantly
influence local visitors to various international performances at the Hong Kong Arts Festival. The factors found to significantly influence local visitors' interest in various show performances by international actors included education (p≤0.05), number of adults in the party (p≤0.01),
number of children in the party (p≤0.01), and number of prior visits (p≤0.05). Also, the paired samples t test results show that some particular show performances were significantly correlated with local visitors' interest in the Hong Kong Arts Festival.
Gulf Cooperation Council Outbound Tourism: The Role of Expatriates
Authors: Balli Faruk , Balli Hatice O , Karimova Amira , Louis Rosmy Jean
Published: August 2018

The situation of the Gulf Cooperation Council (GCC) countries is quite uncommon in that the population of expatriates far exceeds that of the nationals, except for Saudi Arabia. Communication, interaction, and mutual coexistence that take place formally or informally between the two
groups and within the expatriate community carry the potential to influence the direction of outbound tourism. This article extends the general gravity model to explain the dynamics of tourism outflows of the GCC countries by concentrating on the immigrant/expatriate effect. The results reveal that expatriates make implicit advertising effect to attract the tourists from GCC to their home countries.
Pinning of a ferroelectric Bloch wall at a paraelectric layer
Authors: Stepkova Vilgelmina , Hlinka Jiří
Published: August 2018

The phase-field simulations of ferroelectric Bloch domain walls in BaTiO3–SrTiO3 crystalline superlattices performed in this study suggest that a paraelectric layer with a thickness comparable to the thickness of the domain wall itself can act as an efficient pinning layer. At the same time, such a layer facilitates the possibility to switch domain wall helicity by an external electric field or even to completely change the characteristic structure of a ferroelectric Bloch wall passing through it. Thus, ferroelectric Bloch domain walls are shown to be ideal nanoscale objects with switchable properties. The reported results hint towards the possibility to exploit ferroelectric domain wall interaction with simple nanoscale devices.
Effectiveness of hermetic technologies in limiting aflatoxin B1 and fumonisin B1 contamination of stored maize grain under smallholder conditions in Zimbabwe
Authors: Murashiki T.C. , Chidewe C. , Benhura M.A. , Manema L.R. , Mvumi B.M. , Nyanga L.K.
Published: August 2018

There is limited empirical evidence on the efficacy of hermetic storage containers in reducing mycotoxin occurrence in stored maize grain under smallholder field conditions. Levels of aflatoxin B1 (AFB1) and fumonisin B1 (FB1) in maize samples collected from hermetic metal silos (148), hermetic grain bags (121) and conventional stores (179) during 2015 and 2016 storage seasons in two rural districts of Zimbabwe were assessed. AFB1 was determined using high performance liquid chromatography with post-column derivatisation and fluorescence detection, whilst FB1 was determined using direct competitive ELISA. All maize samples collected at harvest in 2015 and 2016 seasons contained FB1 at levels ranging from 10 to 462 μg/kg and 13 to 537 μg/kg, respectively. Use of hermetic containers did not seem to have any effect on the development of FB1 in stored maize grain, as there was no significant difference (P>0.05) in the increase of FB1 contamination in hermetic and conventional stores. Prior to storage, the levels of AFB1 in the maize ranged from below the limit of quantitation (LOQ) to 25.0 μg/kg, whilst levels during storage ranged from <LOQ to 8.60 μg/kg in hermetic silos, <LOQ to 8.37 μg/kg in hermetic bags and <LOQ to 791 μg/kg in conventional stores over the two storage seasons. The occurrence of AFB1 in maize stored in hermetic containers, was significantly (P<0.05) lower than that in conventional stores. Hermetic containers were more effective than conventional stores in limiting contamination of maize with AFB1 and subsequent human exposure to these toxins. Therefore, hermetic storage containers are recommended to smallholder maize producers for safe and effective limitation of AFB1 contamination during storage and hence reduce exposure among consumers.
Opioids: Literature Findings and Recommendations
Authors: Jones Hunter , Arms Tamatha
Published: August 2018

The opioid epidemic is a national public health concern. Nurses are the largest portion of the health care workforce and play a critical role in education, recognition, and referral to treatment. The purpose of the current article is to offer recommendations for nurses caring for individuals using opioid drugs. Searches for
abuse
,
nursing
,
opioid
,
opiate
,
prescription
,
identify
, and
treatment
were performed using Ovid Nursing, PubMed, and CINAHL databases. Articles were judged based on title, keywords, and abstract to determine inclusion. Thirty-three articles were chosen for review. Articles were chosen based on relevance to nurses' roles in care for individuals who were prescribed or misusing opioid drugs. Nurses are health care providers who can assess patients for opioid use and/or dependency. Recognizing substance use disorders early may prevent death due to opioid drug misuse. Through patient assessment, education, and treatment referrals, nurses can reduce fatal consequences that may result from opioid drug use. [
Journal of Psychosocial Nursing and Mental Health Services, 56
(9), 17–24.]
Communistes au Havre
Authors: Dhaille-Hervieu Marie-Paule
Published: August 2018

Pour reprendre les mots d'Armand Salacrou, si « Le Havre est une ville d'hommes », ceux-ci  –  essentiellement jeunes ouvriers, marins et instituteurs, normands et bretons – ont construit l'histoire des « communistes au Havre ». Le choix que fit une minorité d'entre eux de devenir des élus du Front populaire dans les 3e et 4e cantons, des résistants engagés dans la lutte armée, des gestionnaires politiques de municipalités d'union de la gauche, leur donne une place singulière. Le développement de réseaux de militants syndicaux et culturels, l'élargissement du vote communiste à de nouvelles couches sociales furent à l'origine d'une forme d'hégémonie progressivement déconstruite.
Jean Lorrain et Jean d’Arras : « Mélusine enchantée », Mélusine retrouvée
Authors: Bétemps Isabelle
Published: August 2018

Cette communication s’interroge sur la façon dont Jean Lorrain réécrit le mythe de Mélusine dans le conte « Mélusine enchantée », qui appartient au recueil Princesses d’ivoire et d’ivresse. À partir du roman médiéval de Jean d’Arras, Mélusine ou la Noble Histoire de Lusignan, composé à la fin du XIVe siècle, l’étude montre comment Jean Lorrain reprend la structure du conte mélusinien, joue avec elle, produit une métamorphose inverse, peut-être ironique, qui redistribue les rôles de la fée-serpente et de son époux mortel, Raymondin. Mais la nouvelle de Lorrain s’intéresse moins à Mélusine qu’à « Raymondin enchanté », qui, lui, présente de troublantes ressemblances avec la fée médiévale. « Mélusine enchantée » ne fait-elle pas alors le portrait de Raymondin-Lorrain ?
Un roman inédit de Jean Lorrain : Les Pelures
Authors: de Palacio Jean
Published: August 2018

À la fin de 1885, Jean Lorrain travaille à « un vrai roman » dont il a choisi le titre : Les Pelures. Il entend par ce terme, dont il n’est pas l’inventeur, une société interlope de gens compromis, appartenant « toujours de loin ou de près au monde des lettres et des arts ». Ce « roman de mœurs parisiennes », manifestant chez Lorrain une ambition précoce d’historien des mœurs, ne fut apparemment jamais achevé et demeure inédit. Seuls, quatre chapitres subsistent, dépeignant les intrigues nouées dans un atelier de sculpture proche du parc Monceau, et d’où émerge la figure peut-être autobiographique du peintre Pierre Sargis. On retrouvera plus tard, en 1891 et en 1901, certains traits de ce roman de jeunesse : peinture d’une douteuse bohème, opposition entre Paris et la Normandie, comparaison entre Paris, Babylone et Byzance. En ce sens, Les Pelures a peut-être lointainement servi à la genèse de Monsieur de Phocas.
Dumas et Corneille
Authors: Cooper Barbara T.
Published: August 2018

Cette étude examine les rapports entre Dumas et Corneille tels qu’ils se manifestent dans les pièces de théâtre, analyses critiques et autres textes dumasiens. Ensuite, elle passe à l’examen de Caligula, tragédie « à l’antique » écrite par Dumas, pour déterminer si l’admiration que l’auteur romantique vouait à son prédécesseur se traduit par une tentative d’imitation ou de réinvention de l’esthétique classique théâtrale.
Vigny et Corneille
Authors: Sabourin Lise
Published: August 2018

Partant de la déclaration d’« affection pour ce grand tragique français » professée par Vigny envers Corneille, on s’efforce de déterminer les raisons de cette prédilection marquée, au sein d’un XVIIe siècle souvent nourricier, par l’insertion du dramaturge comme personnage romanesque dans Cinq-Mars. Le romantique lui prête des considérations désabusées sur le succès théâtral, très proches de ses propres conceptions sur l’homme de génie en paria social. La parenté dramatique bute pourtant sur quelques reproches à propos de la récurrence des ressorts d’intrigue cornéliens, même si l’auteur de Médée, d’Horace, de Polyeucte et de Théodore est plus admiré que Racine. Vigny annote minutieusement cette dernière pièce (ainsi d’ailleurs que l’Ariane de Thomas) au fil de sa relation avec Marie Dorval, puis des succès de Rachel, associant leur féminité à la dualité d’une séduction puissante et redoutable à la fois, même s’il reste sceptique quant aux effets du jeu des acteurs sur la réception des œuvres théâtrales. Les allusions à Corneille s’allient donc au retour vers la poésie de la maturité vignyenne et à sa réflexion sur l’idéal associée à l’histoire antique, qui a fortement inspiré l’imaginaire des deux écrivains. Corneille finit par être invoqué au titre d’une même « famille héroïque », celle où la morale de l’honneur s’exprime par la poésie « épique et dramatique » du devoir que recherche le poète-philosophe du XIXe siècle, en quête d’une modernité de la noblesse que ce « frère d’esprit », issu de la bourgeoisie du Grand Siècle, est appelé à incarner, par leur commune éthique de l’individu debout face à son destin.
La tentative dramatique Corneille de Hugo
Authors: Zaragoza Georges
Published: August 2018

En 1825, Victor Hugo qui n’a pas encore écrit son drame fleuve Cromwell, fait une tentative, restée à l’état d’ébauche, titrée Corneille. Il a le projet de mettre en scène l’illustre devancier au lendemain de la création du Cid, aux prises avec les détracteurs de sa pièce et surtout avec l’animosité du Cardinal-ministre Richelieu. C’est un hommage à celui qu’il admire, mais aussi l’occasion d’éprouver sa propre dramaturgie à l’aune de celle de La Galerie du Palais, et l’amorce d’une réflexion entre le politique et le poète.
Les frères inséparables ou du bon usage des miroirs déformants
Authors: Thomasseau Jean-Marie
Published: August 2018

Le 6 juin 1823, jour anniversaire de la naissance de Pierre Corneille, le second Théâtre-Français donnait, avant une représentation de Rodogune, un à-propos intitulé Pierre et Thomas Corneille, dû à la plume de deux jeunes journalistes encore inconnus : Romieu et Monnières (pseudonyme d’Abel Hugo). L’apparente banalité de l’hommage, rendu aux deux grands hommes avec quelques clichés théâtraux d’usage, masque en fait une pièce à double entente, prétexte à réécrire entièrement quelques vers de Sertorius pour les faire servir à un dessein politique, celui d’une Italie opprimée, puis à donner un portrait idéalisé de l’artiste romantique en insistant sur le rôle déterminant des acteurs au théâtre et du génie créateur dans la société. Le pastiche et la parodie de cette pochade laissent en outre présager le rôle fondamental que ces deux modes d’écriture joueront dans l’élaboration du théâtre romantique.
Éduquer ses pair(e)s : les enseignantes féministes au travail
Authors: Devineau Sophie
Published: August 2018

Dans l’école, les enseignantes militantes féministes se chargent de l’éducation de leurs pair(e)s au concept de genre par la diffusion de ces nouveaux savoirs savants. Filant la thèse « savoir c’est pouvoir », elles poursuivent le projet de leurs aînées en défendant la parité dans leur propre profession et une éducation égalitaire des élèves. Leur projet ne prend réellement tout son sens qu’en regard du sentiment largement partagé dans la profession que l’inégalité des sexes est un problème réglé dans l’école et qu’il se pose ailleurs, d’abord dans la famille et dans l’entreprise. L’essentiel ici sera de restituer la méthode pédagogique que ces femmes développent, opposant leur l’inventivité opiniâtre aux rapports de pouvoirs dans l’institution et l’organisation syndicale majoritaire.
Au XIXe siècle, les combats des jeunes filles pour leur autonomie intellectuelle
Authors: Guilpain Geneviève
Published: August 2018

Au XIXe siècle, des récits de vie (journaux intimes, mémoires) témoignent que des jeunes filles puis des femmes célibataires construisent une identité contestataire en critiquant les savoirs et les normes éducatives qui leur sont imposées. Elles prennent conscience des rôles féminins qui leur sont dévolus de façon spécifique et discriminatoire par une critique radicale des lectures qui leur sont réservées, par comparaison avec la formation intellectuelle proposée à leurs frères. Elles entreprennent de se forger par elles-mêmes une culture propre et autonome, dans laquelle elles trouvent le terreau d’une autonomie intellectuelle, condition indispensable à la possibilité de s’élever dans un dialogue à parité avec les hommes. Chez ces femmes, la culture autodidacte et l’écriture sont des instruments de mise à distance de la culture patriarcale et représentent des moyens de reprendre la main sur leur destinée par un choix personnel de lectures et d’écriture. À deux siècles de distance, on peut se demander si l’écriture et la création ne constituent pas encore les voies les plus prometteuses de formation et d’affranchissement des femmes.
Dialogues sur l’éducation des femmes : Mme d’Épinay, Galiani, Thomas, Diderot
Authors: Charrier-Vozel Marianne
Published: August 2018

Le 14 mars 1772, Mme d’Épinay signale dans une lettre envoyée à l’abbé Galiani, la parution de l’Essai sur le caractère, les meurs et l’esprit des femmes […] de A.-L. Thomas. Selon elle, l’éducation a dénaturé les femmes pour en faire des êtres faibles. Diderot, dans la Correspondance Littéraire du 1er avril 1772, et Galiani dans son Croquis d’un dialogue sur les femmes, s’emparent de la question pour défendre le point de vue de Thomas sur la définition biologique des genres et non sur leur construction sociale : les femmes, victimes de leur corps, sont sensibles, excessives, imaginatives, donc incapables d’études approfondies et de bon sens. Dans sa correspondance avec Galiani, Mme d’Épinay se révèle plus hardie que dans les Conversations d’Émilie, son traité pédagogique. En définitive, elle revendique pour les femmes la liberté intérieure et le bonheur que procurent la culture et le travail intellectuel.
Adèle et Théodore ou Lettres sur l’éducation de Mme de Genlis, une proposition au féminin pour le modèle éducatif des Lumières ?
Authors: Brouard-Arends Isabelle
Published: August 2018

Le roman éducatif Adèle et Théodore ou lettres sur l’éducation publié en 1782 par Mme de Genlis pourrait être considéré comme le modèle au féminin de la fiction éducative écrite vingt années auparavant, en 1761, par J.-J. Rousseau, Julie ou la Nouvelle Héloïse. S’y déploient, en effet, une géographie languedocienne et une constellation familiale qui ne sont pas sans rappeler la communauté de Clarens. Cependant, Mme de Genlis fait œuvre originale en ne dissociant pas éducation masculine et féminine. Les deux enfants Adèle et Théodore, du baron et de la baronne d’Almane, sont élevés ensemble dans le projet commun d’en faire des adultes responsables, cultivés et prêts à assumer leurs futures fonctions sociales. L’originalité de l’ouvrage réside également dans le réseau analogique entre privé et politique, puisque est évoquée l’éducation d’un prince sous une gouvernance masculine qui pourrait faire songer à la fonction occupée par Mme de Genlis au même moment auprès des enfants d’Orléans.Indéniablement, Mme de Genlis propose une réflexion fondée sur son expérience afin qu’elle devienne un modèle tutélaire pour ses lecteurs dont on sait qu’ils furent très nombreux.
L’éducation européenne des jeunes aristocrates russes, d’après leurs journaux inédits (fin XVIIIe - début XIXe siècle)
Authors: Gretchanaïa Elena , Viollet Catherine
Published: August 2018

Ce sont essentiellement leurs journaux inédits, rédigés le plus souvent en français – trouvés et déchiffrés dans les archives russes –, qui nous renseignent sur l’éducation offerte aux jeunes filles de l’aristocratie russe entre 1780 et 1850 : matières enseignées, méthodes employées, importance et choix des lectures, rôle formateur des voyages et fréquentations, activités culturelles, sport et pratique des arts d’agrément. Assez complète, et largement axée sur l’apprentissage des langues, l’éducation a lieu à domicile. Les lectures, variées et souvent en langue originale, occupent une place de choix dans la formation, qui reste cependant plus limitée que celle de leurs frères, et ne leur permet guère de donner libre cours à leurs ambitions professionnelles.
Vaincre la tuberculose (1879-1939)
Authors: Henry Stéphane
Published: August 2018

Étudier tous les rouages de la lutte contre la tuberculose en Normandie entre 1879 et 1939, telle est l'ambition de cet ouvrage. La tuberculose succède à la phtisie, qui n'avait de romantique que le nom, et devient le fléau social par excellence au tournant du xxe siècle.

Confrontées à la contagion exponentielle dans les tranchées et au retour des militaires poitrinaires dans leurs foyers, les autorités françaises prennent enfin la direction de l'action sanitaire et sociale en 1915, le spectre de la dépopulation hantant les esprits patriotiques. L'engagement du pays se veut dès lors total. Les aménagements d'infrastructures sont à la hauteur des ambitions : on ouvre des dispensaires, des sanatoriums, des pavillons d'isolement hospitaliers et des préventoriums. La protection de l'enfance en danger devient une priorité. Le combat contre la tuberculose est engagé.

Il n'est toutefois pas question seulement ici de réalisations politiques, médicales et sociales, mais aussi d'hommes et de femmes, de citoyens ordinaires porteurs de la tuberculose. Désorientés par l'annonce de la maladie, soumis à des préceptes hygiéniques, isolés de leurs proches et devenus des parias, ils n'ont parfois d'autre choix que de dissimuler leur état de santé.
Vibration Analysis of Nano Beam Using Differential Transform Method Including Thermal Effect
Authors: Hamza-Cherif Riad , Meradjah Mustapha , Zidour Mohamed , Tounsi Abdelouahed , Belmahi Samir , Bensattalah Tayeb
Published: August 2018

In this paper, based on nonlocal Euler- Bernoulli beam model with arbitrary boundary conditions a simulation method called the Differential Transform Method (DTM) is employed to predict and to analysis the vibration of a single-walled carbon nanotube embedded in an elastic medium under thermal effect. A Winkler type elastic foundation is employed to model the interaction of carbon nanotube and the surrounding elastic medium. Ferstly, the Differential Transform Method is introduced. The research work reveals the significance of the small-scale coefficient, the vibrational mode number and the elastic medium on the non-dimensional natural frequency.
Influence of Ag Content on the Microstructure, Mechanical, and Tribological Properties of ZrN-Ag Films
Authors: Chen Tong , Yu Li Hua , Ju Ho Bong , Geng Yao Xiang , Xu Jun Hua , Koyama Shin Ji
Published: August 2018

A series of ZrN-Ag nano-composite films were deposited using the RF magnetron sputtering system. The microstructure, mechanical properties and tribological performances were investigated. The results showed that ZrN-Ag films were composed of face-centered cubic (fcc)-ZrN and face-centered cubic (fcc)-Ag. With the increase of Ag content, the hardness of ZrN-Ag composite film increased rapidly and then decreased rapidly. The maximum hardness value was 22.8 GPa at 6.1at.% Ag. At room temperature, the coefficient of friction (Cof.) of ZrN-Ag films were lower than the ZrN film. During 25-500°C, the Cof. of ZrN-Ag films at 29.16 at.% Ag were lower than ZrN film, while the wear rate were higher than the ZrN film. In summary, the addition of Ag improved the hardness, and decreased the Cof. of the ZrN-Ag during 25-500°C.
Optical Properties and Carrier Transport in a Biased GaAs/AlAs Asymmetric Quintuple-Quantum-Well Superlattice
Authors: Yoshida Kousuke , Goto Shoji , Wang Rui , Hosoda Makoto , Akahane Kouichi , Ohtani Naoki
Published: August 2018

Photoluminescence (PL) properties and carrier transport in a GaAs/AlAs asymmetric quintuple-quantum well superlattice (AQQW-SL) were investigated. Since AQQWs are separated by very thin AlAs barriers, various carrier transport phenomena are expected due to the strong coupling of wave functions between the Γ states in the GaAs QWs and the X states in the AlAs barriers. A 20-period AQQW was embedded in the i-layer of a pin diode. A PL signal between the ground Γ and the heavy hole (hh) states was observed around 740 nm. However, another PL branch was observed at about 665 nm around 6 V. Based on the numerical calculation of the Γ and X wave functions, the electron transport from the X state in the thick AlAs barrier (X11) to the Γ state in the third QW (Γ31) occurs at 6.1 V. Thus, a PL signal at 665 nm can be attributed to the recombination between Γ31 and hh11.
Microstructure and Properties of Aminated Carbon Nanotubes/Graphene Oxide-MnO2 Composite for Supercapacitor Electrodes
Authors: Zhu Zhen Ye
Published: August 2018

MWCNTs-NH2/GO-MnO2 composites with different feeding ratio are synthesized by a simple soft chemical route in water-isopropyl alcohol. By amination treatment, carbon nanotubes become more dispersed, thinner and more uniform, and more defect structures are found in MWCNTs-NH2. MWCNTs-NH2 grows on the surface of graphene. nanomanganese oxide homogeneously coats on the surfaces of carbon nanotubes and graphene Oxide. Specific capacitances of MWCNTs-NH2/GO-MnO2 composite calculated by galvanostatic charge/discharge curve were 286.33 F/g at current density 1A·g-1 when feeding ratio is 1:1:6. With the increase of the content of manganese oxide, Nyquist semicircle of EIS parallel shifts to the right and the slash slope of EIS is gradually flat, indicating that resistance increases. When the feeding ratio is equal to 1:1:15, the resistance reaches the maximum. The phenomenon may ascribe to the agglomerate of manganese oxide, which hinders the diffusion rate of reaction ions and causes the increase of resistance.
Study on Wetting Behavior and Flotation Separation of Talc from Molybdenite of Non-Polar Surface Minerals
Authors: Zhang Qi Dong , Li Xiao Li , Zhang Wen Ping , Song Kun
Published: August 2018

Molybdenite and talc were selected as research object in paper and crystal structure, interaction between H2O molecule and minerals surfaces, surface wettability, flotation behavior were studied by density functional theory method and flotation experiments. The results showed that molybdenite and talc were layered minerals which exhibited similar surface wettability. H2O molecule had hardly effect with molybdenite or talc and H2O molecule prefers to stay with water rather than the minerals surfaces. The reason why talc interferes with the flotation molybdenite has been revealed. The flotation results showed that good floatability of talc was the key factor causing a low grade of concentrate in alkaline solution. Thus, it is the key factor to enlarge floatability difference between molybdenite and talc.
Anti-Microbial and Self-Cleaning of Natural Rubber Latex Gloves by Adding Mangosteen Peel Powder
Authors: Moopayuk Wasan , Tangboriboon Nuchnapa
Published: August 2018

Mangosteen peel powder is one of the most important bio-antioxidants. Adding mangosteen peel powder as filler into natural rubber latex compound for latex glove film formation via dipping process can help the green anti-microbial properties. The physical (smoothness and thickness of film) and mechanical properties (tensile strength and elongation at break) of latex film are still good. Therefore, adding mangosteen peel powder into natural rubber latex gloves can reduce the anti-allergic and antimicrobial on the film surface. Mangosteen peel powder ground by rapid mill is fine particle and high surface area 2.4216 m2/g suitable for homogeneous and compatible for adding into natural rubber latex compound. Ceramic hand mold was dipped into the Ca (NO3)2 coagulant only 3 seconds, then dipped into the natural rubber latex compounds added mangosteen peel powder for 15 seconds, withdrawn hand mold slowly, cured in the oven at 120°C for 30 min, then dried at room temperature, and casted it off the hand mold. The obtained natural latex glove films added mangosteen peel powder are smooth, clear, and thin film surface, the highest elongation at break 803.2711 ± 31.6477%, good tensile strength 30.2933 ± 6.0218 MPa, dense film without water leakage, and good contact angle.
Characteristics of SAC305 Lead-Free Powder Prepared by Centrifugal Atomization
Authors: Denmud Nipon , Plookphol Thawatchai
Published: August 2018

Centrifugal atomization apparatus was constructed to produce solder alloy powder with high quality. In this work, SAC305 alloy was atomized to study the effects of processing parameters, including atomizer disk surface condition and oxygen content in the atomizer chamber on the mean particle size, size distribution, production yield, and morphology of the produced SAC305 powder. The results showed that the atomizer disk surface coated with tin alloy gave the produced powder with smaller mean size, narrower size distribution and higher production yield, in comparison with the uncoated disk. This is due to a good wettability between the molten SAC305 and atomizer disk surface and the sufficient time for alloy droplets to be solidified. The shapes of SAC305 powder were sphere, teardrop, oval, and ligament, depending on the oxygen content in the atomizer chamber during atomization. The shape of produced powder was almost perfectly spherical when the oxygen content was decreased down to 0.5 vol.%. Moreover, with decreasing the oxygen content in the atomizer chamber, the produced SAC305 powder would contain oxygen content on its surface lower than 100 ppm.
Experimental Investigation of Cut Profile in the Electrochemical Drilling of Titanium Alloy
Authors: Netprasert Ornsurang , Chimyo Noppakao , Phimphun Suphaphich , Sukjan Jantakarn , Tangwarodomnukun Viboon , Dumkum Chaiya
Published: August 2018

Electrochemical machining process is an advanced material removal technique offering high precision and introducing no heat damage to the work material. The shape and size of machined area are highly dependent on some process parameters such as voltage, electrolyte and inter-electrode gap. To further enable a more insight into the process performance, this paper investigates the influences of applied voltage, electrolyte concentration and inter-electrode gap on the shape and sizes of hole produced by the electrochemical drilling process. Titanium alloy (Ti-6Al-4V) was used as a work sample in this study as it has been extensively used in many advanced applications. The experimental result indicated that the use of high voltage and high electrolyte concentration can enlarge and deepen hole in the workpiece, while the inter-electrode gap provided less effect to the hole features. The maximum hole depth can reach 300 μm within 60 seconds when the applied voltage of 30 V, the inter-electrode gap of 10 μm and the electrolyte concentration of 10%wt were used. However, with this setup, the obtained cut profile became a non-uniform V-shaped hole. The use of lower voltage was instead recommended to yield a better cut quality with U-shaped profile.
Design and Performance Analysis of Vehicle Tyre Pattern Material Using Finite Element Analysis and ANSYS R16.2
Authors: Nallusamy S. , Narayanan M. Rajaram , Suganthini Rekha R.
Published: August 2018

As it stands now, rubber has been the main material used in the making of pneumatic vehicle tyres. Speed of the vehicle depends on many factors like steering geometry, inflation pressure, vehicle load, road temperature and environmental conditions. The main aim of this research is to develop a finite element approach and computationally evaluate the performance of a steady-state rolling tyre by changing the tyre tread patterns. The tyre normally composed of rubber and body-ply was investigated with regards to the effect of the inflation pressure. Tyre modeling using six different types of patterns was completed by using Creo parametric 3D modeling software and then the tyre was discretized into small elements through ANSYS R16.2. The rim area of the tyre was fixed and pressure was applied to the inside surface of the rim. Finite element analysis was completed by using ANSYS R16.2 and equivalent stress, contact stress and contact pressure were found out to identify the best tyre pattern. From the final results it was observed that, Pattern-I had good agreement of results as compared to other type of patterns which showed medium frictional stress and contact pressure.
Tensile Behavior of Composite Concrete Reinforced Sugar Palm Fiber
Authors: Lumingkewas Riana Herlina , Setyadi Rahmat , Yanita Rachmi , Akbar Syahrial , Yuwono Akhmad Herman
Published: August 2018

This study aims to assess the benefit brought by fibers content, and fiber length on the splitting tensile behavior of sugar palm fibers reinforced concrete composites. Three fiber lengths of 5, 20, and 40 mm in four-fiber content, namely 1%, 2%, 3%, and 4% by a mass ratio fiber per cement, were utilized in this investigation. The values of tensile strength and density are reported for ages up to 28 days. The result observes that the addition of sugar palm fibers increased the tensile strength of concrete and the density of sugar palm fiber in concrete decreases with the addition of sugar palm fiber. The mix of 1% fiber content and 20 mm length fiber gave higher tensile strength compared to other mixes.
An Effect on Properties of Hybrid Fibres Bio-Composite: Sustainable on Rural Building Materials
Authors: Namboonruang Weerapol
Published: August 2018

These are developed to the Eco-composite structure for using of the rural building materials. The chemical and physical properties were carried associated with Ratchaburi lateritic red soil and cellulose fibers for product development. Also mechanical testing, thermal conductivity, leachability, environmental toxic and Finite element analysis (FEA) were conducted for product evaluation.
Mechanical Properties of 3D-Printed Wood-Plastic Composites
Authors: Martikka Ossi , Kärki Timo , Wu Qing Ling
Published: August 2018

3D printing has rapidly become popular in both industry and private use. Especially fused deposition modeling has increased its popularity due to its relatively low cost. The purpose of this study is to increase knowledge in the mechanical properties of parts made of wood-plastic composite materials by using 3D printing. The tensile properties and impact strength of two 3D-printed commercial wood-plastic composite materials are studied and compared to those made of pure polylactic acid. Relative to weight –mechanical properties and the effect of the amount of fill on the properties are also determined. The results indicate that parts made of wood-plastic composites have notably lower tensile strength and impact strength that those made of pure polylactic acid. The mechanical properties can be considered sufficient for low-stress applications, such as visualization of prototypes and models or decorative items.
Leaching Behavior and Immobilization of Heavy Metals in Geopolymer Synthesized from Red Mud and Fly Ash
Authors: Nguyen Hoc Thang , Bui Thu Ha , Pham Vo Thi Ha Quyen , Do Minch Quang , Hoang Minh Duc , Le Van Quang
Published: August 2018

Fly ash is an industrial waste from coal-fired thermal power plants whereas red mud is an industrial waste generated during aluminum production from bauxite. If both fly ash and red mud are not properly managed, they could cause negative impact on the environment. This study utilized red mud and fly ash in combination with sodium silicate solution to produce a geopolymer-based material which can be used as building materials. This study focussed on the leachability of heavy metals in the raw materials and the geopolymer as this would be significant in assessing the environmental impact of the product. Leachability of heavy metals such as Cu, Zn, Cd, Pb, Fe, and Cr was evaluated based on European standard (EN 124572 – 2, EU CEN TC292/ CEN TC 308) with pH values at 7. The results showed that raw materials (red mud and fly ash) have higher leachability than geopolymer specimens. And the values of leaching tests for heavy metals in the geopolymer - based materials belonged to limits of EULFD and USEPA.
Influence of Sintering Temperature on Structure and Electrical Properties of Modified-BNKT Lead-Free Piezoelectric Ceramics
Authors: Jaita Pharatree , Manotham Supalak , Lertcumfu Narumon
Published: August 2018

In this research, the effects of sintering temperature on phase structure, densification, microstructure, and electrical properties of modified-BNKT ceramics were investigated. Conventional sintering of lead-free 0.97Bi0.5(Na0.80K0.20)0.5TiO3-0.03(Ba0.70Sr0.30)O3or 0.97BNKT-0.03BSrT ceramic was investigated to clarify the optimal sintering temperature for densification and electrical properties. All ceramics were prepared by a conventional mixed oxide and sintered at various temperatures from 1100 to 1150°C. XRD pattern indicated all ceramics exhibited a single perovskite without any secondary phases. The maximum density of 5.80 g/cm3with relative density of 99.32% were observed for the ceramic sintered at 1125°C. Grain size tended to increase with increasing the sintering temperature. The good dielectric (Td= 121 °C, Tm= 320 °C and e¢max= 4982) and ferroelectric properties (Pr= 16.66 µC/cm2, Ec= 17.85 kV/cm and Rsq= 0.74) were obtained for the ceramic sintered at optimum sintering temperature of 1125°C.
Crystallization and Optical Properties of Sr3Al2O6-SrAl2O4 Eutectic Glass
Authors: Liu Jia Xi , Lu Nan , He Gang , Li Xiao Yu , Li Jian Qiang , Li Jiang Tao
Published: August 2018

SrO-Al2O3 ceramics has prospective applications due to its photo-luminescence and persistent afterglow properties. Sr3Al2O6-SrAl2O4 eutectic glass was prepared by using the aerodynamic levitator equipped with a CO2 laser device. The prepared Sr3Al2O6-SrAl2O4 eutectic glass beads were further heat-treated at temperature from 880°C to 980°C. The phase evolution, crystallization behavior, optical transmittance and mechanical properties of the annealed eutectic glass ceramics were investigated. The as-prepared glass is colorless and transparent over a wide range from ultraviolet to near-infrared region, and the average in-line transmittance is over 80% in the range of 260-3200nm. There were two crystal phases Sr3Al2O6 and SrAl2O4 crystallized from the glass beads. With increasing heat-treatment temperature, the transparency of the samples decreased, and the hardness increased. The prepared Sr3Al2O6-SrAl2O4 eutectic glass and glass ceramics may be a promising candidate for the development of photo-luminescence and persistent afterglow materials.
Preparation and Properties of Cf/Mullite Composites by PIP
Authors: Wang Yan Yan , Yang Lu Ping , Jiang Kai , Yang Fang Hong
Published: August 2018

Two kinds of Cf/Mullite composites are prepared using S-sol and T-sol through PIP method in the paper. Properties of mechanical and microstructure are studied. The results show that the density of Cf/Mullite composites prepared by S-sol is 1.78 g·cm-3, the porosity is 35.04%, the bending strength reached 109.00 Mpa and the fracture toughness was 8.20 Mpa·m1/2. Through the SEM analysis of the Cf/Mullite composites it can be seen that a weak binding interface was formed. The ductile fracture mechanism is presented in the process of stress, and the fiber extraction is obvious.
Effect of Silicon Addition on the Properties of Carbon Fiber Reinforced Mullite Based Castable Composites
Authors: Si Ou Yang , Li Yuan Bing , Li Shu Jing , Xiang Ruo Fei , Wang Qing Heng , Xu Na Na
Published: August 2018

The spalling and corrosion during the thermal cycles are the main causes of the damages observed in mullite based castable composites which are used in molten iron system. Using the toughening agents of carbon fibers and the anti-oxidant of silicon, mullite based castable composites were prepared by sintering in air atmosphere. The effect of the anti-oxidant of silicon on the various physical, microstructures and mechanical properties were studied. The addition of silicon has significantly improved the cold modules of rupture and the cold crushing strength after firing at 1100 °C, but has little effect on the samples fired at 1450 °C. The cold modules of rupture and the cold crushing strength can be increased by above 20% and 30% respectively when the samples were fired at 1100 °C. After being heated in the air, the most of carbon fibers still can be found in the samples fired at 1450 °C, but can not be found in the samples fired at 1100 °C.
Preparation and Performances of Geopolymer-Based Plant Fiber Composites
Authors: Wei Shi Ju , Tan Jian Li , Lu Wan Li , Liu Le Ping , Yu Shu Juan , Zheng Guang Jian
Published: August 2018

Geopolymer-based plant fiber composites were fabricated with metakaolin, alkaline sodium silicate and plant fibers. In this paper, orthogonal test and single factor analysis were used to study the influence of water glass modulus, solid liquid ratio and fiber content on bending strength. The results show that sequence of influence factors for bending strength was: solid to liquid ratio > fiber content > water glass modulus. When the water glass modulus is 1.7, the fiber content is 8% and the solid to liquid ratio is 1:1.4, the bending strength is up to 10.44MPa, which exceeds the Standard requirements (9MPa) specified by the China National Standard (GB/T 24312-2009). The micro-morphology of SEM indicates that the mix of plant fiber can enhance the toughness of geopolymer.
Molten Salt Synthesis and Formation Mechanism of Plate-Like MgAl2O4 Spinel
Authors: Hou Xiao Long , Huang Jun Tong , Hu Zhi Hui , Feng Zhi Jun , Zhang Meng , Liu Ming Qiang , Li Xi Bao
Published: August 2018

Plate-like Magnesium Aluminum spinel (MgAl2O4) with octahedral structure was synthesized using Al2O3plate-like particles and MgO powders as raw materials in the molten salt of LiCl, KCl or NaCl, respectively. The Results indicated that the molten salts accelerated MA formation, and LiCl was more effective than KCl and NaCl, which may be attributed to the higher solubility of MgO in the former than in the latter two. The outline shape of MA spinel product phase was the same as that of original plate-like Al2O3particles. The growth mechanism of plate-like MgAl2O4spinel particles with octahedral structure should be governed by “template formation mechanism” accompanied with “dissolution-precipitation mechanism”.
Densification Technique of Al2O3/Al Metal Ceramics Using Powder Metallurgy Method
Authors: Ju Yin Yan , Chen Ai Xia , Wang Rui Hua , Wang Fang , Xu Ming Han , Du Da Ming , Song Jie Guang , Chen Lin
Published: August 2018

In atmospheric environments, Al2O3 ceramics have good oxidation resistance in water, acid, and other solutions and suitable corrosion medium resistance. Al2O3 ceramics is one of the most widely used engineering ceramics. In this paper, Al2O3/Al cermet matrix composites were prepared by mixing a series of powders with aluminum and alumina powders as raw materials. The interface of Al2O3/Al cermet was observed by scanning electron microscopy. The densification process of Al2O3/Al cermet was then explored from the aspects of formulation, molding pressure, holding time, and sintering process. After mixing and dry pressing, 50 wt% Al and 50 wt% Al2O3 were appropriate for sintering. Following sintering and measuring density, density was improved under 20 MPa with a 20-minute holding time. Through a comparison of the sintering process, the interface structure was observed via scanning electron microscopy, which found that secondary sintering is conducive to improving the density of Al2O3/Al cermet.
Influence of Sulfate Ion on Phase and Dispersion of Y3Al5O12 Nanopowders with the Co-Crystallization Method
Authors: Hao Meng Meng , Zeng Zi Qing , Fan Gui Fen , Wang Xiao Hong , Lu Wen Zhong , Liang Fei
Published: August 2018

Yttrium aluminum garnet Y3Al5O12 (YAG) nanopowders were synthesized from co-crystallized precursors of Y2(SO4)3, Al(NO3)3-Al2(SO4)3 and Y(NO3)3 with a three-layer core-shell structure. X-ray diffraction (XRD) pattern indicated that too much was detrimental to the synthesis of pure phase YAG because of the serious separation between Y2(SO4)3 and Al(NO3)3-Al2(SO4)3. Transmission electron microscopy (TEM) revealed that was beneficial for the dispersion of the powders owing to the high decomposition temperature of . The powders with the n()/n(Y3+) mole ratio of 1.5/3 calcined at 1050°C showed good sintering activity.