bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Interplay of Semantic Plausibility and Word Order Canonicity in Sentence Processing of People With Aphasia Using a Verb-Final Language
Authors: Sung Jee Eun , DeDe Gayle , Park Jimin
Published: July 2024

Purpose:

The Western Aphasia Battery is widely used to assess people with aphasia (PWA). Sequential Commands (SC) is one of the most challenging subtests for PWA. However, test items confound linguistic factors that make sentences difficult for PWA. The current study systematically manipulated semantic plausibility and word order in sentences like those in SC to examine how these factors affect comprehension deficits in aphasia.

Method:

Fifty Korean speakers (25 PWA and 25 controls) completed a sentence–picture matching task that manipulated word order (canonical vs. noncanonical) and semantic plausibility (plausible vs. less plausible). Analyses focused on accuracy and aimed to identify sentence types that best discriminate the groups. Additionally, we explored which sentence type serves as the best predictor of aphasia severity.

Results:

PWA demonstrated greater difficulties in processing less plausible sentences than plausible ones compared to the controls. Across the groups, noncanonical and less plausible sentences elicited lower accuracy than canonical and plausible sentences. Notably, the accuracy of PWA and control groups differed in noncanonical and less plausible sentences. Additionally, aphasia severity significantly correlated with less plausible sentences.

Conclusion:

Even in languages with flexible word order, PWA find it challenging to process sentences with noncanonical syntactic structures and less plausible semantic roles.
How People Living With Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis Use Personalized Automatic Speech Recognition Technology to Support Communication
Authors: Cave Richard
Published: July 2024

Purpose:

Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) is a progressive, ultimately fatal disease causing progressive muscular weakness. Most people living with ALS (plwALS) experience dysarthria, eventually becoming unable to communicate using natural speech. Many wish to use speech for as long as possible. Personalized automated speech recognition (ASR) model technology, such as Google's Project Relate, is argued to better recognize speech with dysarthria, supporting maintenance of understanding through real-time captioning. The objectives of this study are how plwALS and communication partners use Relate in everyday conversation over a period of up to 12 months and how it may change with any decline in speech over time.

Method:

This study videoed interactions between three plwALS and communication partners. We assessed ASR caption accuracy and how well they preserved meaning. Conversation analysis was used to identify participants' own organizational practices in the accomplishment of interaction. Thematic analysis was used to understand better the participants' experiences of using ASR captions.

Results:

All plwALS reported lower-than-expected ASR accuracy when used in conversation and felt ASR captioning was only useful in certain contexts. All participants liked the concept of live captioning and were hopeful that future improvements to ASR accuracy may support their communication in everyday life.

Conclusions:

Training is needed on best practices for customization and practical use of ASR technology and for the limitations of ASR in conversational settings. Support is needed for those less confident with technology and to reduce misplaced allocation of ownership of captioning errors, risking negative effects on psychological well-being.
Identifying time wastage of prefabricated building hoisting operations based on the MODAPTS and field measurement method: A case study in Nanjing, China
Authors: Hei Shanggang , Zhang Hong
Published: July 2024

The assembly efficiency of prefabricated buildings significantly depends on the productive time taken to complete the hoisting operations of components. Therefore, the on-site measurement of the effective time needed for component assembly is crucial for identifying time wastage and improving construction efficiency. This study utilizes MODAPTS (Modular Arrangement of Predetermined Time Standards) and the stopwatch time method to determine the effective working hours of the assembly process. The component hoisting process is broken down into the following five operations, hooking & slinging, hoisting to the operating surface, adjusting the position, removing the load hook, and backing up. A case study of a Nanjing project showed that the average times for five assembly operations of steel components were 227, 279, 760, 160, and 94 seconds. The time variation in crane arm movements is more stable than that of component adjustments during connection operations. Human factors like phone usage, exiting the operation area, along with hoisting point design and production mistakes, greatly reduce hoisting operation efficiency. The results of this study can not only effectively identify the time waste in the assembly process, but also lay a foundation for standardized hoisting operations and calculation of standard working hours in the prefabricated construction industry. In addition, these results will help optimize the construction organization plan at the early decision-making stage and improve the efficiency of resource use, thus shortening the construction period and reducing the construction cost.
Offshore wind power digital twin modeling system for intelligent operation and maintenance applications
Authors: Zhang Ernu , Shen Feng , Liu Siguang , Chen Gang , Zhang Fuguo , Li Shuo
Published: July 2024

Offshore wind power operates in a complex and harsh environment, while turbines continue to develop in the direction of large capacity and scale. Therefore, offshore wind power increasingly needs to reduce the overall operation and maintenance costs and improve the operation and control level of individual turbines and wind farms. Digital twin technology is intelligent, efficient and visual, and can provide intelligent services such as data analysis, fault diagnosis, performance evaluation and optimization suggestions for offshore wind power operation and maintenance. Relying on the digital twin five-dimensional model and its based prognostics health management method, a set of offshore wind power digital twin modeling system is deployed through the construction of data governance and maintenance fault recognition process. The system realizes the operation analysis and optimization of wind turbines, as well as the diagnosis and early warning of key equipment and field groups of wind turbines, which improves the management and control level of offshore wind power, improves the quality of operation and maintenance, optimizes the arrangement of offshore tasks, and reduces the cost of operation and maintenance. In the future, the system has great application prospects in predictive maintenance, quality improvement, efficient operation and maintenance of offshore wind power, providing support for the development of intelligent operation and maintenance of offshore wind power.
Comparative analysis of various restructured Quadratic Boost DC-DC converter
Authors: Navamani Jayachandran Divya , Kathirvel Boopathi , Anbazhagan Lavanya
Published: July 2024

In this article, five high gain topologies are derived by reconfiguring the conventional quadratic boost converter. This restructuring is carried out by integrating high gain cells and modifying the topology. The voltage conversion ratio of the topologies is derived using steady-state analysis. Each topology is compared with alike converters in the literature with respect to voltage gain, stresses across the devices and total component count. With this comparative study, the superiority of the suggested topologies is highlighted. Finally, the simulation results of the five topologies are obtained from PSIM software and the results are presented to validate the theoretical results.
COVID-19: Kollateralschäden in der Kopf-Hals-Onkologie und Präventivmaßnahmen für künftige Pandemien
Authors: Wilhelm Christian , Radeloff Katrin , Scherzad Agmal , Scheich Matthias , Hagen Rudolf
Published: July 2024

Der Beginn der COVID-19-Pandemie führte zu enormen Herausforderungen für die globale Gesundheitsversorgung, da rasch Kapazitäten und Ressourcen für die Behandlung von COVID-19-Patienten zur Verfügung gestellt werden mussten. Dadurch kam es auch zu Einschränkungen bei der Versorgung onkologischer Patienten mit Kopf-Hals-Malignomen. Diese Übersichtsarbeit fasst die Entwicklung der Tumorinzidenzen während der Pandemie, die international erarbeiteten Richtlinien zur Versorgung von Patienten mit Kopf-Hals-Malignomen und Studien zur Verzögerung onkologischer Therapien sowie der Mortalität zusammen. Darüber hinaus werden Auswirkungen auf die psychische Gesundheit der Patienten, die psychosozialen Folgen sowie ethische Fragen beleuchtet. Perspektivisch werden Präventivmaßnahmen für derartige negative Kollateraleffekte bei künftigen Pandemien am Beispiel eines Konzepts für eine Applikationssoftware (App)-basierte digitale Betreuung von Patienten mit Kopf-Hals-Tumoren diskutiert.
Schulmedizin plus Komplementärmedizin
Authors: Meden Harald
Published: July 2024

Unter dem Motto „Fortschritt gemeinsam gestalten“ fand in Berlin vom 21.–24. Februar 2024 der 36. Deutsche Krebskongress statt. Zahlreiche Themen rund um Krebserkrankungen wurden interdisziplinär diskutiert. Unter den verschiedenen wissenschaftlichen Vortragsprogrammen widmete sich eines der Komplementärmedizin in der Onkologie. Schwerpunktthemen dabei waren Fatigue, Ernährung, Lebensqualität und die Umsetzung der S3-Leitlinie Komplementärmedizin in der Behandlung von onkologischen PatientInnen [1]. Dabei wurde deutlich, dass Schulmedizin zunehmend durch Komplementärmedizin ergänzt wird.
Paradigmenwechsel bei der Konsolidierung wahrscheinlich
Authors: Krome Susanne
Published: July 2024

Die wissenschaftliche Evidenz für die allogene Stammzelltransplantation (ASCT) zur Konsolidierung rezidivierter/refraktärer follikulärer Lymphome stammt aus der Ära vor Rituximab. Im Kontext der modernen Immunchemotherapie verglich die Studiengruppe 2 Konsolidierungsmöglichkeiten: die ASCT und die Anti-CD-20-Radioimmuntherapie mit 90Y-Ibritumomab-Tiuxetan. Nach median 77 Monaten war die Radioimmuntherapie nicht unterlegen und erheblich sicherer.
ChatGPT demnächst ante portas?
Authors: Kretzschmar Alexander
Published: July 2024

Wie weit hat sich die künstliche Intelligenz (KI) in der onkologischen Routineversorgung etabliert? In einem Online-Gespräch diskutierten Prof. Matthias Jenschke, Gynäkologe an der Medizinischen Hochschule Hannover (MHH), und KI-Entwickler Dr. Johannes Winter, Forschungszentrum L3S, Hannover, über den aktuellen Stand und die weitere Zukunft der Entwicklung digitaler Transformation von KI-Methoden.
Do Disease Parameters Related to Primary Sjögren's Syndrome have
an Impact on the Severity of Co-Existing Fibromyalgia Syndrome or Vice
Versa?
Authors: Kaban Nedim , Bakay Umut , Soylu Ali Can , Gürer Gülcan , Harman Halil
Published: July 2024

Objectives We aimed to examine whether primary Sjögren's syndrome
(pSS)-related parameters may affect the severity of co-existing fibromyalgia
syndrome (FMS) in pSS patients or vice versa; co-existing FMS might have an
influence on the severity of sicca symptoms and disease activity measurements in
pSS.

Method Our study included a total of 49 pSS patients (24 with concomitant
FMS; 25 without FMS) and 30 patients with primary FMS (pFMS). The EULAR
Sjögren's Syndrome Patient Reported Index (ESSPRI) and the EULAR
Sjögren's Syndrome Disease Activity Index (ESSDAI) were used to evaluate
pSS symptoms and disease activity. Sicca symptom severity (SSS) scores were
recorded on a visual analogue scale for pSS patients. A minor salivary gland
biopsy was performed in 34 pSS patients. The Revised Fibromyalgia Impact
Questionnaire (FIQR) was used to evaluate the total spectrum of
fibromyalgia-related problems.

Results There was no statistically significant difference between disease
activity measurements (ESSDAS, ESSPRI) in pSS patients with FMS and pSS patients
(p=0.913, p=0.952, respectively). However, SSS scores were significantly higher
in pSS patients with FMS than in pSS patients (p=0.045). There was no
statistically significant difference between pFMS and pSS patients with FMS in
terms of FIQR scores (p=0.149).

Conclusions It was demonstrated that the severity of fibromyalgia assessed
by FIQR is comparable between both groups.
Cerebroprotective Potential of Andrographolide Nanoparticles: In
silico and In vivo Investigations
Authors: Rudrala Lakshmi Charitha , Challa Ranadheer Reddy , Subramanyam Sibbala , Ayyappa Gouru Sampath , Singh Gagandeep , Sirisha Mulukuri N.V. L. , Pasala Praveen Kumar , Dintakurthi Prasanth Sree Naga Bala Krishna , Gajula Somasekhar , Rudrapal Mithun
Published: July 2024

Ischemic stroke remains the leading cause of death and disability, while the main
mechanisms of dominant neurological damage in stroke contain oxidative stress
and inflammation. Docking studies revealed a binding energy of − 6.1 kcal/mol
for AG, while the co-crystallized ligand (CCl) exhibited a binding energy of
− 7.3 kcal/mol with NOS. AG demonstrated favourable hydrogen bond interactions
with amino acids ASN A:354 and ARG A:388 and hydrophobic interactions with GLU
A:377. Molecular dynamics simulations throughout 100 ns indicated a binding
affinity of − 27.65±2.88 kcal/mol for AG, compared to − 18.01±4.02 kcal/mol for
CCl. These findings suggest that AG possesses a superior binding affinity for
NOS compared to CCl, thus complementing the stability of NOS at the docked
site.AG has limited applications owing to its low bioavailability, poor water
solubility, and high chemical and metabolic instability.The fabrication method
was employed in the preparation of AGNP, SEM analysis confirmed spherical shape
with size in 19.4±5 nm and investigated the neuroprotective effect in cerebral
stroke rats induced by 30 min of carotid artery occlusion followed by 4 hr
reperfusion, evaluated by infarction size, ROS/RNS via GSH, MPO, NO
estimationand AchE activity, and monitoring EEG function. Cortex and hippocampal
histology were compared between groups. AGNP treatment significantly decreased
Infarction size and increased GSH levels (p<0.01**), decreased MPO
(p<0.01**), NO (p<0.01**), AchE
(p<0.01**), restored to normal EEG amplitude, minimizing
unsynchronized polyspikes and histological data revealed that increased
pyramidal cell layer thickness and decreased apoptotic neurons in hippocampus,
cortex appeared normal neurons with central large vesicular nuclei, containing
one or more nucleoli in compared to AG treatment. Based on brain biochemical,
histopathology reports AGNP exhibited significant cerebroprotective activity
compared to AG on ischemic rats.
Genito Urinary Infection and Urinary Tract Infection in Patients with
Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus Receiving SGLT2 Inhibitors: Evidence from a Systematic
Literature Review of Landmark Randomized Clinical Trial
Authors: Arshad Mawrah , Hoda Farazul , Siddiqui Nasir Ali , Najmi Abul Kalam , Ahmad Mohammad
Published: July 2024

Background and purpose SGLT2 inhibitors are class of drugs that are used
in adults with type 2 diabetes through a novel mechanism of action by reducing
renal tubular glucose reabsorption, leading to a reduction in blood glucose
without stimulating insulin release. In this systematic review, we report the
effects of treatment with SGLT2 inhibitors on urinary tract infection (UTI) and
genitourinary infection (GUI).

Method The study integrated data from landmark trials of SGLT2 inhibitors
(CANVAS, CREDENCE, DECLARE–TIMI 58, and EMPA-REG) to interpret the association
of SGLT2 inhibitors with genital infection (GI) and UTI. We reported the review
following the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses
(PRISMA) statement. The primary outcome was a composite of participants
reporting UTI and GUI prescribed on SGLT2 inhibitors.

Results The analysis of four studies involving 38,723 participants
revealed incidences of both UTIs and GUI. In the SGLT2 inhibitor group,
comprising 21,266 participants, 222 (1.04%) experienced UTIs, and 477 (2.24%)
reported GUI. In contrast, among the placebo group consisting of 17,457
participants, 201 (1.15%) reported UTIs, and 70 (0.40%) reported genital
infections. These findings underscore the elevated risk associated with SGLT2
inhibitor use, particularly regarding GUI, necessitating careful consideration
in clinical practice and patient management strategies.

Conclusion The incidence of UTIs and particularly more pronounced GUI
associated with SGLT2 inhibitors highlights the importance of careful risk
assessment and monitoring in clinical decision-making, underscoring the need for
patient management strategies.
Efficacy of Ventriculoperitoneal Shunt for Postoperative Central Nervous System Infection Complicated with Hydrocephalus
Authors: Chen FuMei , Wang Na , Wang Li , He ZhiYang , Xu KangLi , Zhan TianXiang , Zhou Qian , Wang Hao , Yang XiaoFeng
Published: July 2024

Objective Our aim was to assess the efficacy of ventriculoperitoneal shunt (VPS) for treating postoperative central nervous system infection (PCNSI) complicated with hydrocephalus and to identify factors associated with treatment failure.

Materials and Methods We conducted a retrospective analysis of PCNSI patients with hydrocephalus treated by VPS at the Department of Neurosurgery, the First Affiliated Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, between December 2012 and January 2020. Functional recovery was evaluated during follow-up using the Glasgow Outcome Scale.

Results A total of 29 patients (21 males, 8 females) were enrolled in the study (mean age: 56.4 ± 12.0 years, range: 18.0–77.0 years). Seventeen patients were treated successfully by VPS (58.6%). Among the 11 patients with shunt complications (37.9%), 8 (27.6%) presented with fever, 3 (10.3%) with shunt infection, and 3 (10.3%) with shunt obstruction. Univariate analysis identified low Glasgow Coma Scale (GCS) score (3–8) at the time of VPS and post-treatment fever as predictive of shunt failure.

Conclusion VPS was effective for treating PCNSI complicated with hydrocephalus. However, patients with low GCS score at the time of VPS or fever post-treatment were at greater risk of shunt failure and poor outcome.
How to Survive Sepsis: Patient Testimonial
Authors: Bracke Krista
Published: July 2024

Leaving university I started working for the Belgian National Radio as a journalist. I used to travel a lot and produce radio features about life abroad and how people all over the world dealt with the different challenges in society. A privileged job that I enjoyed doing for many years. In the meantime, I got married and became a mother of two sons. Nothing to worry about, so it seemed, until January 30, 2009. I had been fighting the symptoms of flu for some days. Instead of recovering, I began to feel worse and worse: I had a high fever, was asleep most of the time, could barely eat or drink, and had to cough a lot. The general practitioner sent me to hospital. A few hours later, I had to be reanimated. It was a close call: I was infected by the Streptococcus pyogenes bacteria. My blood started thickening, my organs stopped functioning, and I went into a septic shock, followed by a cardiac arrest. I was successfully reanimated, but still not stable. For 10 days, I was fighting to survive at the intensive care unit (ICU), with several cardiac arrests and reanimations, some of which were long-lasting. The Head of the ICU informed my husband that there was less than 5% chance to survive and if so, he could not predict what kind of damage there would be: the amount of drugs that I had been given, including noradrenaline, was so extremely high, that it became very unclear how my body would respond to it. And if, as by miracle, I would survive: what kind of damage would there be? Physical? Mental? Physical and mental? No specialist could answer those questions. But both the health care professionals and my family fought to keep me alive.
Artificial Neochordae for Tricuspid Valve Repair in Adults: A Review
Authors: Lechiancole Andrea , Sponga Sandro , Bortolotti Uberto , De Pellegrin Alessandro , Livi Ugolino , Vendramin Igor
Published: July 2024

Expanded polytetrafluoroethylene (ePTFE) neochordae are predominantly used for mitral valve repair (MVr), while the frequency of their employment in tricuspid valve surgery is not well assessed. We have performed a review of the available literature to verify incidence, indications, techniques, and outcomes of the use of artificial neochordae in a variety of tricuspid valve pathologies. We found a total of 57 articles reporting the use of ePTFE sutures in patients in whom tricuspid valve repair (TVr) was performed. From such articles, adequate information on the basic disease, surgical techniques, and outcomes could be obtained in 45 patients in whom the indication to the use of neochordae was posttraumatic tricuspid regurgitation (n = 24), infective endocarditis (n = 8), congenital valvular disease (n = 6), valve injury during cardiac neoplasm excision (n = 3) or following repeated endomyocardial biopsies after heart transplantation (n = 3), and tricuspid valve prolapse (n = 1). Implant techniques generally replicated those currently employed for MVr using artificial neochordae. There were no reported hospital deaths with stability of repair in most cases at follow-up controls. TVr using ePTFE neochordae has been reported so far in a limited number of patients. Nevertheless, it appears a feasible and reproducible technique to be added routinely to the surgical armamentarium during TVr.
Ligand compensation enabling efficient and stable exciton recombination in perovskite QDs for high-performance QLEDs
Authors: Wang Jindi , Li Mingyang , Fan Wenxuan , Xu Leimeng , Yao Jisong , Wang Shalong , Song Jizhong
Published: July 2024

Perovskite quantum dot-based light-emitting diodes (QLEDs) have been considered as a promising luminescent technology due to high color purity and wide color gamut. However, the realization of high-performance QLED is still hindered by near-perfect quantum dots (QDs) with efficient and stable exciton recombination behavior. Here, we proposed a ligand compensation (LC) strategy to optimize the QDs by introducing a ligand pair of tri-n-octylphosphine (TOP) and CsBr. The ligand pair could enhance the clarity and colloidal stability of the QD ink, facilitating the fabrication of highly smooth films. On one hand, TOP engages in interactions with Pb and effectively passivates the surface uncoordinated Pb2+. On the other hand, the supplement of CsBr provides a Br-rich environment to reduce Br vacancies (VBr). Through LC, QD films possess a high photoluminescence quantum efficiency of 82% and a shallow hole level, which enables efficient exciton recombination. In addition, the LC makes QD films exhibit stable exciton combination behavior and electrical transport characteristics. Resultantly, the LC-optimized QLEDs show a maximum external quantum efficiency (EQE) of 24.7% and an operational lifetime T50 of 182 h at an initial luminance of 100 cd m−2, which is obviously higher than that of the control device (EQE of 15.8%, T50 of 11 h). The proposed LC strategy for optimizing perovskite QDs presents a novel concept for achieving high-performance QLEDs and holds great potential for widespread application in various optoelectronics.
When Mei-Gu Guan’s 1960 postmen get empowered with Bell’s 1964 nonlocal correlations: Nonlocal advantage in vehicle routing problem
Authors: Banerjee Abhishek , Bej Pratapaditya , Mukherjee Amit , Naik Sahil Gopalkrishna , Alimuddin Mir , Banik Manik
Published: July 2024

Vehicle routing problems, a comprehensive problem category that originated from the seminal Chinese postman problem (first investigated by Chinese mathematician Mei-Gu Guan), entail strategic and tactical decision making for efficient scheduling and routing of vehicles. While the Chinese postman problem is aimed at finding the minimum length cycle for a single postman, the broader challenges encompass scenarios with multiple postmen. Making cost-effective decisions in such cases depends on various factors, including vehicle sizes and types, vehicle usage time, and road tax variations across routes. In this work, we delve into a class of such problems wherein Bell nonlocal correlations provide advantages in optimizing the costs for non-communicating postmen and, thus, establish a nascent utilization of quantum entanglement in traffic routing problems. Our investigation unveils promising applications for nonlocal correlations within combinatorial optimization and operational research problems, which otherwise have predominantly been explored within the quantum foundation and quantum information theory communities.
Precise spectral directional infrared emissivity of a Cantor high-entropy alloy
Authors: Gabirondo-López Jon , López-Ferreño Iñaki , Straumal Boris , Gornakova Alena , Korneva Anna , Kogtenkova Olga , Echániz Telmo , Lopez Gabriel A.
Published: July 2024

The multicomponent equiatomic CrMnFeCoNi alloy was proposed by B. Cantor almost 20 years ago and was the first in the family of the so-called multiprincipal or high-entropy alloys (HEAs). Various mechanical properties of the Cantor alloy and its derivatives, such as corrosion behavior, oxidation resistance, irradiation response, diffusion bonding, and weldability, have been studied these past years. Unfortunately, data on their thermo-physical properties are scarce and the information about infrared emissivity is completely absent. Having reliable infrared emissivity data at working conditions is very important for non-contact temperature measurements and for modeling heat transfer by radiation during manufacturing. In this work, a Cantor alloy, as a typical example of HEAs, was manufactured with levitation melting in vacuum. The alloy contains mainly one phase with face-centered cubic lattice and small amount of oxide precipitates. The angle-dependent spectral directional emissivity was measured between 200 and 700 °C. Reproducible data were obtained upon several thermal cycles. The total directional emissivity is almost constant from 10° to 50°, and it increases up until it reaches a maximum around 70°. Integrating these data, total hemispherical emissivity was determined, and it was observed that this property remains almost constant at 0.28 in a wide temperature range, showing a minor increase with increasing temperature. Spectral directional emissivity measurements allow detecting incipient oxidation processes. These data show the necessity of measuring emissivity at working temperatures to achieve a precise quantification of radiative heat transfer.
Highly efficient storage of cavity SPDC single photons in room temperature gradient echo memory
Authors: Leung Anthony C. , Lau W. Y. Sarah , Tranter Aaron D. , Paul Karun V. , Rambach Markus , Buchler Ben C. , Lam Ping Koy , White Andrew G. , Weinhold Till J.
Published: July 2024

Efficient quantum memories will be an essential building block of large-scale networked quantum systems and provide a link between flying photonic qubits and atomic or quasi-atomic local quantum processors. Memory efficiencies above 50% are required to be operating above the quantum no-cloning limit. High efficiency operation necessitates tailored photon source and memory pairs with matched bandwidths. In this paper, we explore the combination of an ultralow spectral bandwidth source of single photons from cavity-enhanced spontaneous parametric down-conversion with a hot gas-ensemble atomic memory. Our rubidium vapor gradient echo memory achieves 84% ± 3% recall efficiency of single photons: a record for single photon storage in a warm vapor platform that avoids bulky and complex systems, such as high vacuum and low temperature cryogenics.
Quantum thermodynamics of driven-dissipative condensates
Authors: Toledo Tude Luísa , Eastham Paul R.
Published: July 2024

Polariton condensates occur away from thermal equilibrium, in an open system where heat and particles are continually exchanged with reservoirs. These phenomena have been extensively analyzed in terms of kinetic equations. Based on the collection of knowledge about polariton kinetics provided by these simulations and by experimental studies, we constructed a few-level model that captures the main processes involved in the buildup of a ground-state population of polaritons. This allows condensation to be understood as the output of a thermal machine and exposes the thermodynamic constraints on its occurrence. The model consists of a three-level system interacting with a field and connected to a hot and a cold thermal reservoir that represent a non-resonant pump and the lattice phonons. This subsystem can drive a condensate, through polariton–polariton scattering, which produces work in the form of coherent light emission from the microcavity. We obtain a phase diagram as a function of the temperatures of the two baths and investigate the possible types of phase transition that lead to the condensate phase.
The topology of data hides in quantum thermal states
Authors: Scali Stefano , Umeano Chukwudubem , Kyriienko Oleksandr
Published: July 2024

We provide a quantum protocol to perform topological data analysis (TDA) via the distillation of quantum thermal states. Recent developments in quantum thermal state preparation algorithms reveal their characteristic scaling, defined by the properties of dissipative Lindbladians. This contrasts with protocols based on unitary evolution, which have a scaling depending on the properties of the combinatorial Laplacian. To leverage quantum thermal state preparation algorithms, we translate quantum TDA from a real-time to an imaginary-time picture, shifting the paradigm from a unitary approach to a dissipative one. Starting from an initial state overlapping with the ground state of the system, one can dissipate its energy via channels unique to the dataset, naturally distilling its information. Therefore, calculating Betti numbers translates into a purity estimation. Alternatively, this can be interpreted as the evaluation of the Rényi two-entropy, Uhlmann fidelity, or Hilbert–Schmidt distance relative to thermal states with the embedded topology of simplicial complexes. Our work opens the field of TDA toward a more physical interpretation of the topology of data.
Numerical investigation of various laser–waterjet coupling methods on spot power density distribution
Authors: Shen Qintao , Chen Fei , Tao Qiyu , Ji Renquan , Zhang Li , Cai Donghai , Saetang Viboon , Qi Huan
Published: July 2024

This paper presents a numerical simulation study on the coupling of lasers and waterjets, focusing on the distribution of the spot power density. The analysis utilized a laser wavelength of 532 nm, chosen for its minimal energy attenuation in water. The key conditions for successful coupling were identified, including the necessity for the spot diameter of the laser beam to be smaller than the nozzle diameter of the waterjet fiber, the numerical aperture of the laser beam to be lower than that of the waterjet fiber, and the divergence angle of the laser to be smaller than the critical angle for total internal reflection. Using the ZEMAX simulation software, various coupling cases were explored, revealing that the radial displacement of the waterjet fiber relative to the laser axis has the most significant impact on the output power density, followed by angular deflection, whereas the axial displacement has the minimal effect. This study also investigates the combined effects of different influencing factors on the peak distribution of the output power density, uncovering distinct characteristics resulting from these deviations. Overall, the research findings provide theoretical insights for achieving effective coupling between fine waterjets and lasers as well as for the design of water-guided laser coupling devices.
Niche separation of three species of tree-rat (black-footed tree-rat, M. gouldii, golden-backed tree-rat, Mesembriomys macrurus, and brush-tailed rabbit-rat, Conilurus penicillatus) on the Mitchell Plateau, Western Australia
Authors: Kerle J. Anne , Kemper Catherine M. , Fleming Michael R. , Friend Gordon R. , Senn Marie
Published: July 2024

Context Distribution and abundance of the three northern Australian tree-rat species, Conilurus penicillatus, Mesembriomys macrurus and M. gouldii, have contracted significantly since European settlement. All three species were recorded from the Mitchell Plateau, Western Australia, in the 1980s, enabling their niche separation to be assessed. Despite this study being conducted in 1987, the results remain relevant for conservation strategies for these species. Aims To determine the ecological separation among three tropical tree-rat species by documenting habitat preferences, habitat use and diet. Methods Live-trapping, radiotracking and spotlighting were used to assess relative abundance, habitat preference and movements of each species at nine sites on the Mitchell Plateau. Diet was determined using scat analysis; vegetation communities were described and characterised by pattern analysis. Key results C. penicillatus (number of individuals trapped (n) = 24) was most abundant, followed by M. macrurus (n = 8) and M. gouldii (n = 2). Mature open forest with a well-developed understorey was preferred by the predominantly arboreal M. gouldii (1 site), M. macrurus occupied more varied habitats (four sites), especially ecotones between vine thicket and open eucalypt forest and the boulder edges of the plateau, and C. penicillatus occupied the greatest variety of habitats (four sites) in open eucalypt woodland with a diverse shrub layer and ground cover almost absent to very dense, tall grass. Diet analysis identified M. gouldii as a frugivore (fruits, some flowers), M. macrurus as an omnivore (seeds, fruits, flowers, termites, other invertebrates), and C. penicillatus as a generalist (monocot and dicot leaves, seeds, flowers, fruits, some arthropods). Conclusions The largest of the species, M. gouldii, appeared to have the narrowest ecological niche, preferring more stable, structurally diverse, mature open forest that is infrequently burnt. The mid-sized M. macrurus occupies a broader range of habitats, particularly ecotones between vine thickets and eucalypt forest/woodland and woodland. C. penicillatus preferred open eucalypt woodland with a variable understorey. Implications With a changing climate, increased fire frequency, habitat degradation by introduced herbivores and predation by cats across the tropical savanna distribution of these threatened tree-rats, this study provides data to underpin actions that may ensure their survival.
Life stage–specific poly(A) site selection regulated byTrypanosoma bruceiDRBD18
Authors: Bard Jonathan E. , Tylec Brianna L. , Dubey Ashutosh P. , Lamb Natalie A. , Yergeau Donald A. , Read Laurie K.
Published: July 2024

The kinetoplastid parasite,Trypanosoma brucei, undergoes a complex life cycle entailing slender and stumpy bloodstream forms in mammals and procyclic and metacyclic forms (MFs) in tsetse fly hosts. The numerous gene regulatory events that underlieT. bruceidifferentiation between hosts, as well as between active and quiescent stages within each host, take place in the near absence of transcriptional control. Rather, differentiation is controlled by RNA-binding proteins (RBPs) that associate with mRNA 3′ untranslated regions (3′UTRs) to impact RNA stability and translational efficiency. DRBD18 is a multifunctionalT. bruceiRBP, shown to impact mRNA stability, translation, export, and processing. Here, we use single-cell RNAseq to characterize transcriptomic changes in cell populations that arise upon DRBD18 depletion, as well as to visualize transcriptome-wide alterations to 3′UTR length. We show that in procyclic insect stages, DRBD18 represses expression of stumpy bloodstream form and MF transcripts. Additionally, DRBD18 regulates the 3′UTR lengths of over 1,500 transcripts, typically promoting the use of distal polyadenylation sites, and thus the inclusion of 3′UTR regulatory elements. Remarkably, comparison of polyadenylation patterns in DRBD18 knockdowns with polyadenylation patterns in stumpy bloodstream forms shows numerous similarities, revealing a role for poly(A) site selection in developmental gene regulation, and indicating that DRBD18 controls this process for a set of transcripts. RNA immunoprecipitation supports a direct role for DRBD18 in poly(A) site selection. This report highlights the importance of alternative polyadenylation inT. bruceidevelopmental control and identifies a critical RBP in this process.
Linguistic fieldwork as team science
Authors: Defina Rebecca , Dingemanse Mark , van Putten Saskia
Published: July 2024

Linguistic fieldwork is increasingly moving forward from the traditional model of lone fieldworker
with a notebook to collaborative projects with key roles for native speakers and other experts and involving the use
of different kinds of stimulus-based elicitation methods as well as extensive video documentation. Several cohorts of
colleagues and students have been influenced by this inclusive and interdisciplinary view of linguistic fieldwork. We
describe the challenges and benefits of doing multi-methods collaborative fieldwork. As linguistics inevitably moves
into the direction of multiple methods, interdisciplinarity and team science, now is the time to reflect critically on
how best to contribute to a cumulative science of language.
Locative expressions and their semantic extensions in Tima
Authors: Dimmendaal Gerrit J. , Schneider-Blum Gertrud
Published: July 2024

Tima (Niger-Congo, Sudan), has three copulae playing a central role in locative expressions. The
number-sensitive copulae, ŋ̀kɔ́ ‘cop:sg’ and ɲ̀cɛ́ ‘cop:pl’,
primarily link two non-verbal phrases. The third copula, ŋ̀kwíyʌ̀ ‘cop’, indicates
existence or availability. We discuss the distribution of these copulae in their core functions, in their extended
uses as tense-aspect markers and consecutive marker, thereby illustrating instances of heterosemy, as well as their
relation to focus marking.

Furthermore, five positional verbs play a role in locative expressions: hɘ́làk
‘stay, remain, reside’, hʊ̀ndɔ́nɔ́/hɘ̀ndáná ‘sit (down)’, dʊ́wà
‘stand (up)’, (k)ʌ́t̪ù ‘lie (down)’, and túùh ‘hang (up) (plur)’. The
broad use of these verbs is also investigated, particularly in combination with specifying adverbs in order to
describe collocational probabilities and restrictions.
Adposition classes in Tafi and Sɛlɛɛ
Authors: Bobuafor Mercy , Agbetsoamedo Yvonne
Published: July 2024

The main goal of this paper is to describe and compare the adposition classes of two Ghana-Togo
Mountain (GTM) languages: Tafi (KA-GTM) and Sɛlɛɛ (NA-GTM). The core of the preposition classes in the two languages
consists of a (general) locative and comitative prepositions, with Tafi showing the grammaticalization of a number of
verb forms into prepositions. Both languages exhibit the postpositional use of body part nouns and locatives. There
are debates as to whether Kwa languages have two classes of adpositions. The paper argues that both languages indeed
have two adposition classes – prepositions and postpositions and shows the asymmetry in the distribution of the
members of each class in both languages.
Lost siblings
Authors: Yakpo Kofi
Published: July 2024

The two related English-lexifier creole languages Krio (Sierra Leone) and Pichi (Equatorial Guinea)
have diverged due to differing contact ecologies since their split in the 19th century. Krio is spoken alongside its
lexifier English as well as Atlantic and Mande adstrates. Pichi is spoken alongside Bantu adstrates and has been in
contact with its superstrate Spanish, but not with English. I analyse and compare tense, aspect, and mood categories
as well as participant marking and serial verb constructions to show that (a) Krio has become more similar to English
than Pichi to Spanish because existing overlaps between creole and lexifier forms have facilitated transfer; (b) both
Krio and Pichi have, respectively, aligned themselves with the Macro-Sudan and Bantu spread zone typological profiles
of their ecologies. I interpret the findings via the stratal-areal contact model (Yakpo 2017a) to explain the divergence of Krio and Pichi as part of the differentiation of the whole
African Caribbean English Creole cluster.
Caused accompanied motion in a direction
Authors: Hellwig Birgit
Published: July 2024

The concepts bring and take belong to a semantic domain that can be characterized
as events of caused accompanied motion in a direction. This contribution investigates the expression of this domain in
Katla (Niger-Congo; Sudan) within a corpus of naturalistic data, shows that Katla employs complex expressions (where
motion, caused motion and possession verbs combine with venitive and comitative derivational extensions), and relates
these findings to recent typological research in this domain. The contribution is set within a research tradition that
investigates cross-linguistic lexicalization patterns.
Constructions with verbal nouns in Iraqw
Authors: Mous Maarten , Alphonce Chrispina
Published: July 2024

Iraqw has a number of morphological means to derive nouns from verbs. All of these can develop
specific meanings but it is the nominalisation that expresses the action of the verb that allows for the expression of
arguments, irrespective of the actual nominalisation morpheme. These arguments (patient or agent) can be expressed as
possessive elements in noun phrases. Despite the fact that the deverbal noun is fully nominal in morphological
characteristics, the deverbal noun can occur in constructions in which its semantic argument (patient or agent) is
expressed as an object to the main verb. There are four constructions to integrate a deverbal noun in a clause. We
provide an overview of the formal characteristics of these constructions.
A survey on fault diagnosis of rotating machinery based on machine learning
Authors: Wang Qi , Huang Rui , Xiong Jianbin , Yang Jianxiang , Dong Xiangjun , Wu Yipeng , Wu Yinbo , Lu Tiantian
Published: July 2024

With the booming development of modern industrial technology, rotating machinery fault diagnosis is of great significance to improve the safety, efficiency and sustainable development of industrial production. Machine learning as an effective solution for fault identification, has advantages over traditional fault diagnosis solutions in processing complex data, achieving automation and intelligence, adapting to different fault types, and continuously optimizing. It has high application value and broad development prospects in the field of fault diagnosis of rotating machinery. Therefore, this article reviews machine learning and its applications in intelligent fault diagnosis technology and covers advanced topics in emerging deep learning techniques and optimization methods. Firstly, this article briefly introduces the theories of several main machine learning methods, including Extreme Learning Machines (ELM), Support Vector Machines (SVM), Convolutional Neural Networks (CNNs), Deep Belief Networks (DBNs) and related emerging deep learning technologies such as Transformer, adversarial neural network (GAN) and graph neural network (GNN) in recent years. The optimization techniques for diagnosing faults in rotating machinery are subsequently investigated. Then, a brief introduction is given to the papers on the application of these machine learning methods in the field of rotating machinery fault diagnosis, and the application characteristics of various methods are summarized. Finally, this survey discusses the problems to be solved by machine learning in fault diagnosis of rotating machinery and proposes an outlook.
Application and research trend of digital twin in measurement technology
Authors: Zhao Wentao , Zhang Chao , Wang Jianguo , Gu Fengshou , Peyrano Oscar García , Wang Shuai , Lv Da
Published: July 2024

One of the key critical technologies in the digital revolution of measurement technology is digital twin. The literature now in publication indicates that the advancement and use of digital twin technology will raise the bar for improvement in the measuring sector. The current literature on the creation and use of digital twin technology is reviewed first, followed by a list of recognized definitions and a summary of the three main categories of digital twin models for easy reference. The main drawbacks of conventional measurement technology in the application process are enumerated here: direct measurement is challenging, measuring multiple parameters at once is challenging, sensors’ influence cannot be disregarded, and the accuracy of measurement results is not satisfactory. To address these issues, this review outlines the benefits and potential uses of digital twin technology in measurement, as well as a summary of six significant contributions. Strong application and robustness, the ability to visualize the process of changing a measurement parameter, simultaneous measurement of many parameters, cheap measurement costs, data security, integrity, high availability, and intelligent measurement are only a few of these features. It is explored where digital twin research in measurement technology is headed in the future. A new digital solution and path for measuring technology development are offered by the digital twin and virtual sensor simulation methods.
Near-infrared detection based on the excitation of hot electrons in Au/Si microcone array
Authors: Zhang Zhifang , Yan Jia , You Jie , Zhu Yanyan , Wang Liming , Zhong Zhenyang , Jiang Zuimin
Published: July 2024

Although the photoresponse cut-off wavelength of Si is about 1100 nm due to the Si bandgap energy, the internal photoemission effect (IPE) of the Au/Si junction in Schottky detector can extend the absorption wavelength, which makes it a promising candidate for the Si-based infrared detector. However, due to low light absorption, low photon–electron interaction, and poor electron injection efficiency, the near-infrared light detection efficiency of the Schottky detector is still insufficient. The synergistic effect of Si nano/microstructures with a strong light trapping effect and nanoscale Au films with surface plasmon enhanced absorption may provide an effective solution for improving the detection efficiency. In this paper, a large-area periodic Si microcone array covered by an Au film has successfully been fabricated by one-time dry etching based on the mature polystyrene microspheres lithography technique and vacuum thermal deposition, and its properties for hot electron-based near infrared photodetection are investigated. Optical measurements show that the 20 nm-thick Au covered Si microcone array exhibits a low reflectance and a strong absorption (about 85%) in wide wavelength range (900–2500 nm), and the detection responsivity can reach a value as high as 17.1 and 7.0 mA W−1 at 1200 and 1310 nm under the front illumination, and 35.9 mA W−1 at 1310 nm under the back illumination respectively. Three-dimensional finite difference time domain (3D-FDTD) simulation results show that the enhanced local electric field in the Au layer distributes near the air/Au interface under the front illumination and close to the Au/Si interface under the back illumination. The back illumination favors the injection of photo-generated hot electrons in Au layer into Si, which can explain the higher responsivity under the back illumination. Our research is expected to promote the practical application of Schottky photodetectors to Si-compatible near infrared photodetectors.