bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Peningkatan Hasil Belajar Peserta Didik pada Pembelajaran IPAS Menggunakan Model Project Based Learning di Kelas V SDN 17 Manggis Ganting
Authors: Puspita Sri Indah , Zuryanty Zuryanty
Published: June 2024

This study aims to describe the improvement of student learning outcomes in IPAS learning with the Project Based Learning model in class V SDN 17 Manggis Ganting Bukittinggi City. This type of research is a Classroom Action Research using qualitative and quantitative approaches. The research subjects were grade V students of SDN 17 Manggis Ganting Bukittinggi City as many as 19 students. Research data comes from observation, tests, and non-tests in the form of attitude and skills assessment of students.  The research was carried out as many as 2 cycles for cycle I, carried out as many as 2 meetings and cycle II as many as 1 meeting. In cycle I there was an increase in the completeness of learning outcomes by 81.57% and in cycle II it increased to 100%, the increase that occurred reached 18.43%.
Assessing impact of melasma on quality of life using Hindi-Melasma Quality of Life Index scale and Melasma Area and Severity Index score
Authors: Grewal Lamya , Sood Anurag , Narang Ranchit , Gupta Pratibha , Gupta Sharang
Published: June 2024

Background: Melasma is a persistent and recurrent pigmentation disorder. It is a skin condition that affects facial skin esthetics and can lower self-esteem, causing emotional distress, which can lower a person’s quality of life (QoL).

Aims and Objectives: To study the correlation of Hindi-Melasma Quality of Life Index (Hi-MELASQOL) in relation with Melasma Area and Severity Index (MASI) and to analyze the different patterns and influence of melasma on life quality.

Materials and Methods: This was a cross-sectional study involving 100 subjects. Hi-MELASQOL questionnaire comprising 10 items was used to assess the patient’s QoL. MASI score was used to determine the severity of melasma. All the collected data were recorded, processed, and statistically analyzed using Epi Info 2000 and SPSS Inc., 20.0.

Results: A significant association was observed between the Hi-MELASQoL and MASI scores. It was evident that melasma had an adverse impact on the patients’ QoL. The association between MASI score and type of melasma had P < 0.05 and hence showed a statistically significant association between them. However, the association between Hi-MELASQOL score (individually and total) and the type of melasma was statistically insignificant. The most common type was centrofacial (71%), followed by malar (25%) and mandibular (5%).

Conclusion: There was a significant impairment in the QoL in our study population due to melasma as assessed by Hi-MELASQOL and MASI score. Utilization of Hi-MELASQOL scale should be considered in the evaluation of QoL of patients affected with melasma.
Complex Heel Defect: A Comprehensive Study On Combined Regional Flaps For Sensate And Stable Coverage.
Authors: Ahmed Dr , Baig Shehhab , Baig Shehhab
Published: June 2024

BACKGROUND:
Heel defect has remained a challenging situation for reconstructive surgeons. In large post traumatic defects, the goal is to provide a sensate and stable soft tissue coverage, especially for the weight-bearing part of the heel. The paucity of local tissue options makes the scenario difficult to deal with.

OBJECTIVE:
This study is aimed to reconstruct large defect, involving both the weight-bearing and non-weight-bearing part of the heel by combining two regional flaps.

METHODS:
A retrospective study, comprising of 11 patients from January 2016 to December 2019 with large traumatic heel defects, operated in our setup with combined medial plantar and reverse sural artery flap within 72 hours of injury. Follow up period was 6 months postoperatively.

RESULT:
All flaps survived well except one reverse sural flap, which was congested and later debrided and 2 had distal edge necrosis which were managed conservatively. All the reverse sural flaps were noted to have lymphedema, but only 3 patients opted for debulking surgery. The functional outcome was excellent, with all the patients being able to walk normally, both barefoot and with footwear. The weight-bearing area was sensate, a clear advantage of utilizing instep skin.

CONCLUSION:
In our experience, the combined strategy of utilizing local tissue for large heel defects, not only provides a sensate, stable, and reliable coverage but also avoids the lengthy procedure of free tissue transfer that in the end would not be able to give similar results.
YURTDIŞINDA YAPILAN İNŞAAT, ONARIM, MONTAJ İŞLERİ İLE TEKNİK HİZMET FAALİYETLERİ İSTİSNASI DÜZENLEMELERİNİN VERGİLERİN KANUNİLİĞİ İLKESİ IŞIĞINDA DEĞERLENDİRİLMESİ
Authors: Demir Belin Esra
Published: June 2024

Kamu giderlerinin finansmanının sağlanması amacı ile bireylerin hak ve özgürlük alanı arasında bulunan ince çizginin vergilendirme yetkisi vasıtasıyla aşılmasının kolaylığı, bireylerin yönetim erki karşısında korunması için birtakım önlemlerin ortaya çıkmasında etkili olmuştur. Vergilerin kanuniliği ilkesi, tarihsel gelişimi bakımından önemli mücadeleler sonunda ortaya çıkan ve son halini alan, farklı ülkelerde anayasacılık hareketlerini yakından etkileyen önemli bir vergilendirme ilkesi teşkil etmektedir.
Türkiye’de de anayasal vergilendirme ilkeleri arasında yer alan vergilerin kanuniliği ilkesinin beraberinde getirdiği ya da desteklediği birçok vergilendirme ilkesi bulunmaktadır. Bunlardan biri olan vergi hukukunda kıyas yasağı, vergi yasasında yer alan bir kuralın, nitelikleri buna benzeyen ama yasada düzenlenmemiş başka bir olaya uygulanmasının mümkün olmamasını ifade etmektedir. Vergi hukukunda düzenleme yapılmamış bir alanın kıyas yoluyla doldurulması, Anayasa ile yalnızca yasama erkine verilen vergilendirme yetkisinin aşılması ve dolayısıyla da fonksiyon gaspı anlamına geleceğinden vergi idaresi ya da vergi yargısının kıyasa varacak yorumlama faaliyeti gerçekleştirmekten kaçınması gerekmektedir. Ancak uygulamada vergi idaresi, gerek yönetmelik ve genel tebliğ gibi düzenleyici işlemlerinde gerekse de bu düzenleyici işlemlere dayanarak gerçekleştirdiği birel vergilendirme işlemlerinde sıklıkla vergi kanunlarını değiştirici mahiyette hareket etmektedir.
Bu çalışmada vergilerin kanuniliği ilkesi, özellikle vergi idaresinin düzenleyici işlemleri üzerindeki etkisi bakımından ele alınacaktır. Vergilerin kanuniliği ve ilgili diğer ilkelere ilişkin açıklamaların ardından Kurumlar Vergisi Kanunu’nun 5’inci maddesinin birinci fıkrasının (h) bendinde yer alan yurt dışında yapılan inşaat, onarım, montaj işleri ile teknik hizmetlere yönelik istisna uygulamasına kısaca değinilecektir. Sonrasında da ilgili istisna hükmüne ilişkin 1 Seri No.’lu Kurumlar Vergisi Genel Tebliği açıklamaları ele alınacaktır. Devamında Genel Tebliğ’de yer alan düzenlemeler vergilerin kanuniliği ilkesi ve kıyas yasağı bağlamında değerlendirilecektir.
Baṣran Muʿtazilite Theology: Abū ʿAlī Muḥammad b. Khallād’s Kitāb al-uṣūl and its reception. A Critical Edition of the Ziyādāt Sharḥ al-uṣūl by the Zaydī Imām al-Nāṭiq bi-l- ḥaqq Abū Ṭālib Yaḥyā b. al-Ḥusayn b. Hārūn al-Buṭḥānī (d. 424/1033), Leiden: Brill, 2010.
Authors: Delen Halil İbrahim
Published: June 2024

İncelenen kitap, Ebû Hâşim el-Cübbâî'nin önde gelen öğrencilerinden İbn Hallâd el-Basrî (ö. IV./X. yüzyılın ortaları ) tarafından yazılmış olan Kitâbü’l-Uṣûl ve onun şerhi olan Şerḥu’l-Uṣûl adlı eserdir. Bu eser, Sabine Schmidtke ve D. E. Sklare tarafından yürütülen Mu‘tazilite Manuscripts Project / Mu‘tezilî Elyazmaları Projesi'nin sonucunda ortaya çıkmış ve Camilla Adang, Wilferd Madelung ve Sabine Schmidtke tarafından tahkikli neşri yapılarak yayımlanmıştır. “Zeydî İmâm en-Nâtık bi'l-hakk Ebû Tâlib Yaḥyâ b. el-Hüseyin b. Hârûn el-Buṭḥânî'nin (ö. 424/1033) Ziyâdât Şerḥu'l-uṣûl'ünün Tahkikli Neşri” başlığını taşıyan çalışma, İbn Hallâd’ın Kitâbü’l-Uṣûl’ü ve onun tamamlanmamış şerhi olan Şerḥu’l-Uṣûl'den alıntılarla başlamaktadır. Ardından, İbn Hallâd'ın tamamlanmamış şerhine ek olarak yazılan çeşitli alıntılar gelmektedir ki bunlar da genelde Kādî Abdülcebbâr’ın Şerḥ’indedir. Daha sonra, Zeydi imam Nâtık-Bilhak’ın açıklamaları eklenmekte ve son olarak, öğrencisi ve eserin müstensihi Ebü’l-Ḳāsım Aḥmed b. Mehdî el-Hasan’ın açıklamalarıyla metin tamamlanmaktadır. Metinde usûl-ü hamse doğrudan tanımlanmamış olmasına rağmen, okuyucu bu ilerleyişin farkına varabilir. Tevhidle başlayan metin, adalet konularına geçiş yapar, ardından va‘d-vaîd kısmı gelir ve nihayetinde ecel, rızık, kaza ve kader gibi konularla son bulmaktadır.
User Study: Generative AI-based scientific writing assistant for students with visual impairments
Authors: Darvishy Alireza , Anzolut Stefano , Pierrès Oriane , Schmitt-koopmann Felix
Published: June 2024

This paper investigates the potential of AI-based writing assistants to help students with visual impairments in writing scientific texts. In a user study, ten visually impaired students tested a prototype for a multimodal Writing Assistant application, built on GPT-4, which specifically aids in the scientific writing process by providing templates, answering questions about the text, and providing automated editing and formatting. Their interactions with the prototype were compared with their usual writing process to identify factors that facilitate the writing task of visually impaired users. Results indicate a unified tool was most beneficial to improve the writing process. Leaving the user in control of options and informed on changes was also identified as good practice. University support and guidance appear as conditional to the adoption of such tools.
A comprehensive digital twin for assessing feasibility and ergonomics of high-tension cable assembly operations
Authors: Vargas Gonzalez Manuela , Pia Cavatorta Maria , Cibrario Valerio , Ghibaudo Lidia , Rossi Ludovico
Published: June 2024

The focus of this study is on a comprehensive digital twin illustrating the assembly of a high-tension cable in an electric vehicle. This involves the integration of two software programs, IPS Cable Simulation and IPS IMMA (Intelligently Moving Manikin in Assembly), to simulate the cable assembly and analyze ergonomic factors. The study uses the vehicle geometry and task sequence of Stellantis on a hypothetical use case of an extreme assembly line with the vehicle raised and the operator performing the activity underbody. The simulation of the cable assembly analyses extension-compression and torsion behaviors, ensuring compliance with acceptable limits. Anthropometric variations among operators are considered using IPS IMMA's module to create a family of manikins representing the global Stellantis workforce. Ergonomic analysis with the EAWS tool identifies risk factors for operators of different anthropometries. Additionally, a comparison is made on task time between the MTM-UAS methodology and IPS simulation's biomechanically modelled time. Results indicate a successful integration of IPS Cable Simulation and IPS IMMA, creating a digital twin that accurately simulates the operator's task with the high-voltage cable. The study emphasizes the importance of biomechanical models in understanding issues related to reachability, incongruous postures, and their impact on task time, contrasting with predetermined time approaches. In the current landscape of electrified vehicles, where there is a noticeable increase in the dimension and number of the cables, and of autonomous vehicles, where packaging challenges arise from redundancy requirements and the growing reliance on virtual verification, comprehensive and realistic dynamic simulations will become increasingly vital.
Episodic Memory with Interactive 3D Sequential Graph
Authors: Cai Yang
Published: June 2024

Episodic memory can be viewed as a learning process, not from existing knowledge, but from massive streams of news and episodic events. Sequences of episodic events can be used to predict future events. In this study, we assume that long-term memory can be simulated with a spatial and temporal database. We explore the 3D sequential graphs that offer a selection of methods to visualize episodic memory in the 3D space, a network of sequences of values, or a statistical summary of information about groups or subsets such as frequencies, ranges, and distributions. The graph can be accessed through a tablet, laptop, and AR/VR headsets. Users can navigate the graph with hand gestures, a game controller, or a mouse. The semantic graph is also connected to multimedia content such as video footage and spatial soundtracks because our episodic memory is multimedia. Finally, the applications of episodic memories are presented, including disastrous scenarios of laparoscopic cholecystectomy and malware distribution networks.
Exploring the Use of GenAI in the Design Process: A Workshop with Design Students
Authors: Cavallin Elena
Published: June 2024

The introduction of artificial intelligence into the design process is bringing fundamental changes. AI can be used to improve or even radically change the process of designing digital solutions (Agner et al., 2020). In particular, AI has been hailed for providing many important possibilities, including the possibility of greater customization at scale, more precise analysis of the use of digital solutions, and aiding the creative process of designers (Oh et al., 2018).For this reason, it is important to continue to explore how these technologies can be developed and integrated into the design process in ways that facilitate and improve the work of designers.It is argued that the introduction of new digital tools such as AI into the design process brings about major changes in the nature of designers' work (O'Donovan et al., 2015) and that these changes bring about radical changes in ways of working, as well as some potentially negative and unintended consequences (Gaffney, 2017). The main problem encountered is that the use of such new and complex technologies to date means that designers and end users may have limited understanding of the ways in which these technologies can influence the design and thus also its outcome, i.e., the product/service.This is not necessarily a skills issue, but also relates to the fact that artificial intelligence is still a black box that still does not provide comprehensive explanations of its decision-making process (Asatiani et al., 2020).Most of the studies analyzed believe that design should not be merely automated by AI, with complete removal of the designer. It is believed that it should be an AI-supported process, a co-design, and that this is more likely to be used to automate only the most repetitive aspects of the process. Although AI-designer collaboration requires designers to enrich their skills, and many implementations of the artificial partner, the research collected shows that AI-designer interaction achieves better results than design processes in which AI is absent or the process is fully automated. Given this background, this paper investigates some aspects of designers' behavior during co-design. It was noted that designers establish ways of relating to the artificial partner that vary accordingly to how they can understand (or rather, believe they understand) the black box, i.e., the information processing procedure of AI. For example, the design process is made smooth when the designer can find ways to communicate its intentions to the machine in a way that facilitates its response, even if the content is complex. Through a review of the literature and direct observation of workshops where young designers test and use AI, some valuable observations and insights have been clustered.
Created by Humans & AI?
Authors: Edelberg Jenya
Published: June 2024

While looking to expand our digitally produced content, applications, and tools, we consistently pay attention to the rapidly developing AI technology. Major tech companies, Fortune 100, startups are rushing to implement AI in their services and operations to stay on top of the competition. The developed world is changing to put AI at the front of the new wave of technical innovations. Whereas this seems like a logical expansion of the last decade's emphasis on AI progress to increase strategic and operational efficiencies, we are also opening the door to new challenges and potentially regressive societal outcomes. This paper will discuss the options and choices we face while integrating AI into our processes. Primarily, the role of bias in creative processes backed by AI generative tools raises questions about the ethical use of new technology. While AI tools may provide faster innovation processes, will those products reflect sustainable and responsible innovation? There's much to be said about the responsibility we, humans, have to evaluate AI-produced content and products. Will our choices about the present and future be sourced from our positive, creative, and emotional human side and responsibly balanced in the AI algorithms? We will review the practical implementation of generative AI and what to look for to minimize biased or exaggerated results. "What is perhaps at the core of the experiences [and applications] we create, as well as our platform itself, is AI. AI is the runtime that is going to shape all of what we do going forward in terms of the applications as well as the platform advances."- Satya Nadella, Microsoft CEO, speaking at Microsoft's Leading Transformation with AI in central London, May 22, 2018. We are now amid what Nadella was talking about in 2018. As further insight is provided to companies' C-suite and management on building and executing AI/ML models, the industry and academia can create standards and considerations for the future of responsible AI innovation. We will examine these opportunities and solutions to implement in our product development processes.
Towards a framework for digital work engagement of enabling technologies
Authors: Bergqvist Andreas , Källbäcker Jonathan , Cort Rebecca , Cajander Åsa , Lindblom Jessica
Published: June 2024

Increased use of robotization, automation, and artificial intelligence (AI) highlights the need for theory development of the digital work environment since such technologies are likely to significantly alter or even totally change human work practices. This paper focuses on how these technologies influence people’s digital work engagement. In an ongoing project, we study how support from these technologies changes the socio-technical work dynamics and how work engagement can be facilitated in such digital workplaces. The project aims to develop a digital work engagement framework based on input across multiple work domains. The present paper reports on an initial characterization of digital work engagement and presents a synthesis of findings from the first iteration of the envisioned framework. Finally, a discussion on the opportunities and challenges of enabling technologies for the future of work practices is provided
Awareness and Empathy in Self-Body Control for Manufacturing Skill Education
Authors: Matsuura Yoshifusa
Published: June 2024

In this presentation, we will discuss the value of skills in the field of manufacturing and introduce a novel approach to effectively acquire skills by focusing on bodily movements. In recent years, the field of manufacturing has rapidly embraced digital transformation (DX). In particular, sensor and computer technologies have significantly advanced over the past decade. This has enabled the real-time acquisition of various physical information related to manufacturing, leading to a substantial increase in the parameters of models. Consequently, the precision of automatic control and robotic technology has greatly improved, facilitating the automation of complex manufacturing processes.However, the importance of human skills has become more pronounced amidst this digital revolution. Although DX ensures certain levels of precision and quality in production, digital information heavily relies on resolution and sampling frequency. Moreover, the number of parameters is finite. Many manufacturing processes involve environments that are not as stable as factory settings. In the pursuit of differentiation through high-precision, high-quality products, human skills are indispensable.Despite ongoing research on human skills in the context of DX, most prior studies have focused on skill evaluation, often framed as the "Expert-Novice Problem.” Evaluation methods assess the quality of end products and use motion capture or image analysis techniques to detect differences in skill movements across various stages. Subsequently, learners are expected to imitate the skill movements of experts, with post-evaluation feedback highlighting product defects and low-skill-level movements.Although imitation learning is effective to a certain extent, it presents limitations in achieving a mastery level of proficiency. To precisely control tools for manufacturing objects, learners must understand how to control their own bodies. Bodily control involves perceiving sensory information related to muscle activity timing, with the balance between body parts and tools collectively referred to as somatosensory information. Learning how to consciously utilize this somatosensory information while processing states during movements is crucial for skill improvement.Because somatosensory information is difficult to verbalize and exhibits an unclear relationship with skills, it has often been regarded as tacit knowledge. We therefore propose a skill information structuring method to clarify somatosensory information, presenting a support approach that encourages learners to be conscious of somatosensory information. This method facilitates mutual understanding between instructors and learners by sharing their respective mental images, enabling empathetic training. Our learning approach is expected to be effective not only for manufacturing, but other skills that involve bodily movements.
Deep learning based Human Activity Recognition in first responders wearing a sensorized garment
Authors: Spairani Edoardo , Paradiso Rita , Magenes Giovanni
Published: June 2024

Safety and well-being of first responders operating in hazardous environments are paramount considerations. These individuals routinely find themselves immersed in dangerous situations, leading to heightened levels of both physical and mental stress. In this context, a system for the automatic and real-time monitoring of first responders' (FRs) activities could play an important role in timely identifying potentially dangerous situations. The present paper addresses this issue and introduces a Deep Learning (DL) based Human Activity Recognition (HAR) approach for the automatic identification of tasks carried out by first responders. In our proposed framework, we leverage the use of a garment equipped with various integrated sensors to capture both physiological and inertial measurements during the course of first responders' duties. For this aim we harness the power of DL techniques, specifically recurrent neural networks (RNNs), aiming at achieving an accurate classification of a limited set of diverse tasks. To validate the efficacy of our proposed system, we conducted the evaluations on a comprehensive hold-out set compiled from real-world scenarios, involving FRs. The results of our evaluation showcase not only high accuracy (0.9813) but also robust reliability in classifying the activities undertaken by the operators. The implications of our deep learning-based activity recognition framework extend beyond mere classification, since gaining insights into the risk associated to a particular task performed could enable the development of more effective, timely and safer emergency response strategies.
Design of Public Space Transformation under the Lens of Anthropology
Authors: Lou Yijun , Luo Yan
Published: June 2024

Using Suzhou "Double Tower Market" as a case study, this paper takes an anthropological approach to comprehensively analyse the elements and relationships of human involvement in urban renewal and transformation design. The goal is to discover the boundaries of public space design within the research paradigm of anthropology. By exploring how the essence of social space is intertwined with the intrinsic heritage of urban history in a new environmental design context, this paper provides a strong foundation for reflecting on the practical applications of anthropology in reshaping public spaces.
Interactive virtual learning environment to develop next-generation cybersecurity practitioner competency
Authors: Rufus Rahmira , Greer Jeff , Clark Ulku , Stoker Geoffrey , Johnston Thomas
Published: June 2024

This paper groups simulated behavioral, technical and operational elements of a ‘real enterprise’ for cybersecurity awareness, education and training (AET) evaluation. The research goal is developing next-generation cybersecurity practitioner competency congruent to behavioral and socioeconomic aspects of the next generation of computing. Within the cybersecurity knowledge domain, the modern digital enterprise is the system of interest (SOI) that requires enterprise cybersecurity execution to ensure security fitness based upon system state criteria. For this scope of the research, the enterprise is simulated via a web interface engineered to focus on the human entity being the key indicator to the success or failure of the enterprise’s security posture. The virtual learning interface is the application domain called the Integrated Virtual Learning Environment for Cybersecurity (IVLE4C). The objective is to leverage ILVE4C as a tool to increase practitioner proficiency, as currently there is tremendous investment focused on secure enterprise digitalization for the next generation of computing. However, there is no specialized engineering workstation for this type of platform. Utilization of the ILVE4C workstation is intended to provide such a platform to enhance the development and efforts of enterprise cyber defenders to address the reduction of this learning curve and to improve this human attack surface factor within the AET space.
The disPHISHinformation Game: Creating a Serious Game to Fight Phishing Using Blended Design Approaches
Authors: Henderson Niklas , Pallett Helen , Van Der Linden Sander , Montanarini Jake , Buckley Oliver
Published: June 2024

In 2022, 39% of all UK businesses reported identifying a cyber security attack against their own organisation, 83% of which were phishing attempts. A large body of research in cyber security focuses on technical solutions, however humans remain one of the most exploitable endpoints in an organisation. Traditional security training within organisations commonly includes point-and-click exercises and simple video media that employees are required to complete. These training exercises are often seen as unengaging and tedious, and employees are commonly pushed to complete training rather than encouraged to learn and self-educate. Simulations and games are increasingly being deployed for training purposes in organisations, however often either (a) simply raise cyber security awareness rather than deliver key security policy and content, or (b) lack accessibility with complex game pieces and rules not easily understandable by those not accustomed to playing games. We introduce the disPHISHinformation game: a customisable serious game to deliver phishing training specific to the threats businesses face on a day-to-day basis. Drawing on existing taxonomies, the game delivers content on email, voice, and SMS social engineering attacks, in a format that educates players in key social engineering features. In collaboration with a large service organisation, we have also developed a customised edition of disPHISHinformation game which reflects the targeted attacks faced by their staff. By creating an analog serious game to deliver key phishing training, we can stimulate higher employee engagement and deliver a more memorable experience.
Enhancing Inclusive Crisis Planning: Insights from a Disability-Inclusive Scenario Workshop
Authors: Stjernholm Linda , Magnusson Charlotte , Rassmus Gröhn Kirsten , Borell Jonas
Published: June 2024

In response to escalating disasters, inclusive crisis planning is crucial. This study examines a specialized workshop that engaged people with disabilities in crisis planning, focusing on a simulated flood scenario. Stakeholders from disability organizations and the local municipality collaborated, including eight crisis communicators and thirteen individuals with disabilities. The workshop facilitated knowledge exchange and surfaced disability-specific issues. While successful in raising awareness, challenges arose in relaying detailed perspectives, emphasizing the need for nuanced communication. Locally relevant scenarios strengthened the workshop's impact. The findings stress the importance of early involvement of individuals with disabilities in crisis planning and offer insights for researchers and policymakers. This research contributes to enhancing inclusivity in crisis planning and informs future disaster risk reduction.
Systematic Comparison of Signal Quality in Portable and Wearable Wireless EEG Devices: Methods and Standards
Authors: Zhao Qichao , Yang Ran , Zhu Xiaoqing , Li Chunxiao , Gao Xin , Li Yanan , Yu Haiyang , Wang Jie , An Junli , Tan Ziying , Zhao Ziyuan
Published: June 2024

Electroencephalography (EEG) is a technique that captures the electrical activity of the cerebral cortex, effectively reflecting various rapid cognitive processes. Traditional EEG devices, often large and bulky, are impractical for real-world applications. To address this, wearable and wireless EEG systems have been developed as cutting-edge technology. However, there remains uncertainty about their signal quality .In this study, we introduce a systematic comparison method customized for portable wireless EEG devices. This experiment includes three tasks: α-suppression, Biofeedback, and the Stroop Colour and Word Test, evaluating signal quality in both time and frequency domains. In the α-suppression task, we analyzed spectral power in the α band, Signal-to-Noise Ratio (SNR), Root Mean Square(RMS),and artifact rejection. For the biofeedback task, we evaluated Engagement (β/(α+θ)) and Relaxation (α/β) indices. We also measured the N400 amplitude during the Stroop Colour and Word Test. These indicators represent varying levels of signal quality requirements, from low to high. Additionally, to assess whether semi-dry EEG devices can match the performance of medical-grade gel electrodes, further significant difference and correlation analysis between the two types of devices were conducted. The frequency domain analysis revealed alpha suppression during eyes-open states and increased relaxation and engagement states during the biofeedback task compared to resting state. In the time domain analysis, although no statistical significance was observed in the N400 component, a clear trend of a larger N400 under inconsistent conditions was evident in waveform and topographic maps. Furthermore, difference tests and correlation analysis between the two devices demonstrated a strong positive correlation in signals and consistent performance across all tasks. These findings suggest that portable EEG devices provide reliable signal accuracy in real-world settings, the signal quality of the semi-dry electrodes used in this study is comparable to that of medical-grade gel electrodes.
Challenges and Uncertainties in Violence Risk Assessment: A Critical Examination of Practice and National Guidelines in Norway's Specialist Mental Health Services
Authors: Xas Naska
Published: June 2024

In recent years, there have been several serious incidents in Norway where individuals with serious mental disorders have committed murder after being discharged from psychiatric care units. Several of these incidents have been subject to scrutiny by governmental oversight bodies and have sparked significant societal debates.The Norwegian Directorate of Health recommends the implementation of structured clinical violence risk assessments for patients with severe mental disorders being considered at risk of conducting violence. Reports from oversight authorities have highlighted instances where either violence risk assessments were not conducted prior to patient discharge or where assessments were inadequate. Violence risk assessments in mental health care remain a highly debated topic among professionals. This paper does not explore whether violence risk assessments are appropriate for use in violence prevention efforts or the quality of various assessment tools. Through the analysis of oversight reports and other documents, shortcomings, and errors in the assessment of violence risk in specialized health services are identified, often attributed to lack of expertise and time constraints. This paper questions how incorrect use of violence risk assessment tools can increase uncertainty and how there may be a potential gap between national professional guidelines for violence risk assessments and actual practice. Therefore, it argues for a thorough investigation to evaluate the need for revision of national guidelines or implementation of measures to ensure that clinicians have the necessary expertise and resources to conduct violence risk assessments.
Quantifying Information Dissemination: Structured Review on Methods and Variables for Sharing Behavior on Social Network Sites
Authors: Sieger Marvin , Calero Valdez André , Schrills Tim
Published: June 2024

The dissemination of misinformation on Social Network Sites (SNS) and the consequent emergence of radicalizing narratives present an increasingly societal problem. Empirically founded models on individual behavior of information dissemination in SNS are therefore necessary to improve our understanding of influential variables. The objective of the present research was to identify relevant variables and to provide an overview of how current research addresses the complex issue of information dissemination decision-making on SNS. To this end, we conducted a PRISMA-based structured literature review focused on variables and experimental designs used in the exploration of individuals' decision-making processes to share information on SNS. A special focus was on the usage of experimental tools that can be used for the simulation of SNS or a scenario based research approach, respectively. For our analysis we extracted 5195 articles published between 1990 and 20203, from four databases (Web of Science, PubMed, PsychInfo, Scopus) and selected them based on strict exclusion criteria like the mandatory use of empirical methods and the necessity of experimental manipulation. Those articles were reduced to 18 papers from which we extracted used variables, experimental design and the employed tools. We discuss constructs related to dissemination of false or misleading information on SNS and how they have been operationalized from previous research utilizing field theory to structure the present review.
Human reliability in the German site selection for a nuclear waste repository
Authors: Fritsch Fabian , Straeter Oliver
Published: June 2024

In Germany, a geological system is to be created for the final disposal of high-level radioactive waste. Classical methods for assessing human reliability consider people performing tasks in an existing system. This paper is intended to show which reliability aspects need to be addressed to humans in earlier phases of a system development based on typical phases. Also, a method is described for measuring human reliability in the phase of system analysis and system conception for complex and novel research and modeling activities. These are typical of the search for the best possible site for high-level nuclear waste. For the development of reliable systems, reliable human actions are crucial, especially in the early phases of system development. In the later phases, adjustments to the system become increasingly expensive and time-consuming.
Data Collection and Analysis of Patient and Document Flow During a Disaster Exercise at a Large Hospital
Authors: Bito Yumiko , Kanno Taro , Kajiyama Kazumi , Yamazaki Misumi , Yoshida Haruka , Tsubaki Michihiro , Sharikura Sachika
Published: June 2024

Disaster drills are effective for understanding and mastering business continuity plans (BCP) and response plans, and for identifying and improving problems, but the time and effort required to collect data is an obstacle. In this study, we developed a smartphone application to easily record the flow of patients and documents: NFC tags are attached to simulated patients and documents used in training, and they are read at each scene using a dedicated application. This tool can record when and where the patient was in the area, and when and where the documents were issued and received. We also propose several visualization and quantitative analysis methods that can be performed using the acquired data.
Investigation of human performance in diagnosing unexpected events at nuclear power plants
Authors: Jung Wondea
Published: June 2024

Diagnosing unexpected events at nuclear power plants is one of the main control room crew's most critical and challenging tasks. It is crucial to understand human performance in event diagnosis during emergencies to assess the risk of a power plant. This study examines the human performance of the crew diagnosing unexpected events at nuclear power plants. Collecting and analysing simulator data, we investigate the time taken for event diagnosis and the characteristics of diagnosis errors in various unplanned events. Analysis results such as event diagnosis time, unsafe act type, and the possibility of occurrence are expected to provide the proper technical basis for risk assessment or design improvement of the relevant nuclear power plant.
Interaction of material design elements for improved human tactile comfort
Authors: Salopek Čubrić Ivana , Čubrić Goran , Maurice Laure
Published: June 2024

When it comes to textiles and clothing, human comfort is usually seen as a fundamental need for clothing wearers. This study focuses on the segment of the tactile comfort of textiles. The aim of this study is to determine the effects of material engineering (in terms of different compositional and structural designs of materials used in the manufacture of sportswear) on human perception of the tactile properties of materials. In this study, the focus was placed on the bipolar attributes roughness-smoothness (S-R), which were evaluated by a group of volunteers. For the purpose of evaluation, a set of adequate sportswear materials were selected. The selection of materials was based on the criteria of representativeness (the materials must be representative of the sportswear manufacture), and diversity of yarns (use of different yarns such as standard and recycled polyester, addition of elastane component into the structure to improve the comfort and garment fit). In order to be able to compare the outcomes of the material evaluation conducted by recruited evaluators, additional instrumental measurements were carried out and placed in the context of the subjective results. A roughness tester was used for this part of the measurement. According to the results, the difference between the designed materials in terms of the observed attributes is significant. This leads to the conclusion that the selection of an unsuitable material from the group of investigated materials should lead to an unsatisfactory comfort level and possibly to a less successful performance of an athlete.
Enhancing Organizational Efficiency and Security in Supermarkets: A Case Study of DMart .
Authors: Badve Bhargavi , Gandhi Khushi , Jadhav Ganesh
Published: June 2024

In India, retail chains are rapidly expanding, with both domestic and international players competing. Among all its competitors, DMart stands out as one of the most prominent retailers. DMart Supermarket chain is a one-stop shop for all your home utility needs, with groceries being its main market. It currently operates 341 stores across India and is still growing. It’s revenue as of 2023 is ₹42,968 crore (US$5.4 billion). It faces challenges in maintaining organization in the store and security due to high foot traffic. This study investigates the underlying reasons behind lack of organizational efficiencies in the store and security vulnerabilities using a mixed-methods approach. Qualitative methods, including observation, ethnography, and case studies, are employed to explore customer experiences and security concerns. Additionally, quantitative surveys gather data to quantify the extent of these issues. Findings indicate that these factors contribute to customer dissatisfaction and increase the risk of theft incidents. A redesign of the store's rack layout and improved security systems are proposed to address these challenges and improve organizational efficiency. Through careful analysis, it is evident that even minor adjustments, such as reconfiguring rack layouts, can significantly improve customer satisfaction by saving time and enhancing accessibility. Further, minor security enhancements can boost the organization's efficiency and gain both customers and stakeholders' trust. The research provides valuable insights for the retail industry, DMart , by providing practical solutions to improve customer service and mitigate security risks.
Combinatorial Effects of Unmanned Vehicles on Operator’s Mental Workload and Performance for Searching
Authors: Huang Yonghao , Alqatami Omar , Zhang Wei
Published: June 2024

With the advancement of artificial intelligence technology, unmanned vehicle (UV) systems, including unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) and unmanned ground vehicle (UGV), have been appearing in many scenarios with wide-ranging applications. It is a crucial factor for enhancing human-computer collaboration efficiency to analyze the impact of unmanned vehicle system combinations on operators. The research in this paper presents the effects of different combinations of UAVs and UGVs (1UAV + 1UGV, 1UAV + 2UGVs, 2UAVs + 1UGV, 2UAVs + 2UGVs) on searching performance and operator’s mental workload for accomplishing search tasks. Completion times for tasks and subjective data with operators (N=16) were collected by using Psychopy and questionnaires, respectively. The results in this research indicate that binary growth of controllable unmanned vehicles doesn’t improve the UV utilization rate, but costing longer completion time and increasing operator’s mental workload. Since an excessive number of unmanned vehicles could have a negative impact on task performance, the insights in the paper are helpful for the design of unmanned vehicle systems and the research of human-computer collaboration.
Identification of management and supervision critical tasks for a multi-effector automated system. An applied cognitive approach
Authors: Coulomb Benjamin , Donnot Julien , Klein Aurélie , Andre Jean-marc , Darses Françoise
Published: June 2024

Recent advances in Artificial Intelligence (AI) have opened up new possibilities for automation, particularly in dynamic, high-risk environments such as fighter aircraft operations. Pilots' activities will change considerably as a consequence. This will be particularly the case when fighter pilots have to manage and supervise the behaviour of future automated multi-effector systems in a post release phase. These systems will have the ability to adjust their own actions and will therefore become the pilot's partners, capable of interacting like real teammates. This capability is being explored using the theoretical concept of Human Autonomy Teaming (HAT). Recent studies in this field (O'Neil, 2022) point to the importance of several characteristics needed to establish and maintain this human-system cooperation. Exploratory research carried out within a French fighter squadron identified a set of tasks making up this new activity and linked to the use of these future multi-effector systems. This study highlighted two key issues: (i) the need to measure the importance of each task in relation to the overall mission, and (ii) the relevance of quantifying the reduction in mental effort enabled by the automation of these tasks. Our current study focused on identifying the tasks assessed as critical by fighter pilots when using these multi-effector systems in post release phase. We also aimed to determine which tasks would benefit from automation, in order to reduce the cognitive cost without compromising operational performance. To this end, we immersed 21 pilots in the scenario of an air operation, including the tasks inherent in managing the multi-effector system after release. The pilots assessed the criticality of each task for the success of the mission and estimated the mental effort required for each operating mode - which increasingly incorporate automation. In order to reveal the potential cognitive benefits of automation of each task. These operating modes were adapted from the cooperation modes (Hoc, 2006). Our results show significant differences in criticality and in the mental effort required, depending on the task and the level of automation. These findings make it possible to identify a set of tasks linked to the management of the firing plan as priorities for the integration of automation into new weapon systems. This research underlines the imperative of understanding both the cognitive and operational needs of pilots in this technological evolution for effective cooperation between the human and the system in high-risk environments.
Robotics and autonomous systems in public realm: an exploration of human, ethical and societal issues in emergency first response operations
Authors: Duca Gabriella , Russo Raffaella , Sangermano Vittorio
Published: June 2024

In the face of increasing threats from climate change and natural hazards, the need for faster, safer, and more effective first response operations has become paramount. This has led to a growing focus on the potential of robotics aids and autonomous systems to support first responders in their duties. While these technologies hold promise for more efficient onsite operations and reduced risk exposure for first responders, there are emerging concerns about their adaptability to real environment constraints, usability, and societal impacts. Scientific literature only mention high-level concerns about human-centric approach and generic ethical issues, but these are worthy to be identified and elicited in parallel with the evolution of technical requirements and specification, to build capacity of estimating the extent of new operating methods and procedures impact on victims and responders, but also on other stakeholders. Guidelines to steer choices of emergency personnel already exist, for instance in the case of medical personnel, but first response automation might imply unknown or indefinite dilemmas on aspects such as fairness and discrimination, false or excessive expectations, privacy, physical and psychological safety, liability. The paper proposes a review of the current status of human and societal issues in robotics and automation, eliciting human factors and ergonomics specific issues to foster the human-centric approach claimed by European Union.