bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Regulation of S1P receptors and sphingosine kinases expression in acute pulmonary endothelial cell injury
Authors: Liu Huiying , Zhang Zili , Li Puyuan , Yuan Xin , Zheng Jing , Liu Jinwen , Bai Changqing , Niu Wenkai
Published: December 2016

Background

Acute lung injury and acute respiratory distress syndrome (ALI/ARDS) is a severe clinical syndrome with mortality rate as high as 30–40%. There is no treatment yet to improve pulmonary endothelial barrier function in patients with severe pulmonary edema. Developing therapies to protect endothelial barrier integrity and stabilizing gas exchange is getting more and more attention. Sphingosine-1-phosphate (S1P) is able to enhance the resistance of endothelial cell barrier. S1P at physiological concentrations plays an important role in maintaining endothelial barrier function. Proliferation, regeneration and anti-inflammatory activity that mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) exhibit make it possible to regulate the homeostatic control of S1P.

Methods

By building a pulmonary endothelial cell model of acute injury, we investigated the regulation of S1P receptors and sphingosine kinases expression by MSCs during the treatment of acute lung injury using RT-PCR, and investigated the HPAECs Micro-electronics impedance using Real Time Cellular Analysis.

Results

It was found that the down-regulation of TNF-α expression was more significant when MSC was used in combination with S1P. The combination effection mainly worked on S1PR2, S1PR3 and SphK2. The results show that when MSCs were used in combination with S1P, the selectivity of S1P receptors was increased and the homeostatic control of S1P concentration was improved through regulation of expression of S1P metabolic enzymes.

Discussions

The study found that, as a potential treatment, MSCs could work on multiple S1P related genes simultaneously. When it was used in combination with S1P, the expression regulation result of related genes was not simply the superposition of each other, but more significant outcome was obtained. This study establishes the experimental basis for further exploring the efficacy of improving endothelial barrier function in acute lung injury, using MSCs in combination with S1P and their possible synergistic mechanism.
Pursuing the quest for better understanding the taxonomic distribution of the system of doubly uniparental inheritance of mtDNA
Authors: Gusman Arthur , Lecomte Sophia , Stewart Donald T. , Passamonti Marco , Breton Sophie
Published: December 2016

There is only one exception to strict maternal inheritance of mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) in the animal kingdom: a system named doubly uniparental inheritance (DUI), which is found in several bivalve species. Why and how such a radically different system of mitochondrial transmission evolved in bivalve remains obscure. Obtaining a more complete taxonomic distribution of DUI in the Bivalvia may help to better understand its origin and function. In this study we provide evidence for the presence of sex-linked heteroplasmy (thus the possible presence of DUI) in two bivalve species, i.e., the nuculanoidYoldia hyperborea(Gould, 1841)and the veneroidScrobicularia plana(Da Costa,1778), increasing the number of families in which DUI has been found by two. An update on the taxonomic distribution of DUI in the Bivalvia is also presented.
Diet of the endangered big-headed turtlePlatysternon megacephalum
Authors: Sung Yik-Hei , Hau Billy C.H. , Karraker Nancy E.
Published: December 2016

Populations of the big-headed turtlePlatysternon megacephalumare declining at unprecedented rates across most of its distribution in Southeast Asia owing to unsustainable harvest for pet, food, and Chinese medicine markets. Research on Asian freshwater turtles becomes more challenging as populations decline and basic ecological information is needed to inform conservation efforts. We examined fecal samples collected fromP. megacephalumin five streams in Hong Kong to quantify the diet, and we compared the germination success of ingested and uningested seeds. Fruits, primarily ofMachilusspp., were most frequently consumed, followed by insects, plant matter, crabs and mollusks. The niche breadth of adults was wider than that of juveniles. Diet composition differed between sites, which may be attributable to the history of illegal trapping at some sites, which reduced the proportion of larger and older individuals. Digestion ofMachilusspp. fruits byP. megacephalumenhanced germination success of seeds by about 30%. However, most digested seeds are likely defecated in water in this highly aquatic species, which limits the potential benefit to dispersal. The results of our study can be used by conservation-related captive breeding programs to ensure a more optimal diet is provided to captiveP. megacephalum.
Electron currents supporting the near‐Earth magnetotail during current sheet thinning
Authors: Artemyev A. V. , Angelopoulos V. , Liu J. , Runov A.
Published: December 2016

Formation of intense, thin current sheets (i.e., current sheet thinning) is a critical process for magnetospheric substorms, but the kinetic physics of this process remains poorly understood. Using a triangular configuration of the three Time History of Events and Macroscale Interactions during Substorms (THEMIS) spacecraft at the end of 2015 we investigate field‐aligned and transverse currents in the magnetotail current sheet around 12 Earth radii downtail. Combining the curlometer technique with direct measurements of ion and electron velocities, we demonstrate that intense, thin current sheets supported by strong electron currents form in this region. Electron field‐aligned currents maximize near the neutral plane Bx∼0, attaining magnitudes of ∼20 nA/m2. Carried by hot (>1 keV) electrons, they generate strong magnetic shear, which contributes up to 20% of the vertical (along the normal direction to the equatorial plane) pressure balance. Electron transverse currents, on the other hand, are carried by the curvature drift of anisotropic, colder (<1 keV) electrons and gradually increase during the current sheet thinning. In the events under consideration the thinning process was abruptly terminated by earthward reconnection fronts which have been previously associated with tail reconnection further downtail. It is likely that the thin current sheet properties described herein are similar to conditions further downtail and are linked to the loss of stability and onset of reconnection there. Our findings are likely applicable to thin current sheets in other geophysical and astrophysical settings.
The structure and variability of Mars dayside thermosphere from MAVEN NGIMS and IUVS measurements: Seasonal and solar activity trends in scale heights and temperatures
Authors: Bougher Stephen W. , Roeten Kali J. , Olsen Kirk , Mahaffy Paul R. , Benna Mehdi , Elrod Meredith , Jain Sonal K. , Schneider Nicholas M. , Deighan Justin , Thiemann Ed , Eparvier Francis G. , Stiepen Arnaud , Jakosky Bruce M.
Published: December 2016

Mars dayside thermospheric temperature and scale height trends were examined using measurements from the Neutral Gas Ion Mass Spectrometer (NGIMS) and the Imaging Ultraviolet Spectrograph (IUVS) on the Mars Atmosphere Volatile EvolutioN (MAVEN) spacecraft. Average scale heights (over 150–180 km for solar zenith angles ≤75°) from several different sampling periods were obtained from each instrument. NGIMS and IUVS scale height trends were found to be in good agreement, with both showing scale heights decreasing after perihelion and reaching a low value near aphelion (13.6 to 9.4 km). Between these two seasonal extremes, the temperature decreased by ∼70 K (from 240 to 170 K). These trends were also analyzed with respect to the changing solar flux reaching the planet, using the Lyman alpha irradiance measured by the Extreme Ultraviolet Monitor (EUVM) on MAVEN. Scale heights responded strongly to the changing solar flux. During this part of the MAVEN mission (October 2014 to May 2016), it was concluded that over longer timescales (at least several months), dayside thermospheric temperatures are chiefly driven by changing solar forcing, although it is the effects of changing heliocentric distance rather than changing solar activity which seem to have the greatest impact. Furthermore, effects of solar forcing were not observed on shorter timescales (less than a month), suggesting local wave effects may dominate solar forcing on these timescales. Finally, temperatures from two NGIMS sampling periods were compared to temperatures from the Mars Global Ionosphere‐Thermosphere Model (M‐GITM) and found to be in good agreement.
Combined observations of Arctic sea ice with near‐coincident colocated X‐band, C‐band, and L‐band SAR satellite remote sensing and helicopter‐borne measurements
Authors: Johansson A. M. , King J. A. , Doulgeris A. P. , Gerland S. , Singha S. , Spreen G. , Busche T.
Published: December 2016

In this study, we compare colocated near‐coincident X‐, C‐, and L‐band fully polarimetry SAR satellite images with helicopter‐borne ice thickness measurements acquired during the Norwegian Young sea ICE 2015 (N‐ICE2015) expedition in the region of the Arctic Ocean north of Svalbard in April 2015. The air‐borne surveys provide near‐coincident snow plus ice thickness, surface roughness data, and photographs. This unique data set allows us to investigate how the different frequencies can complement one another for sea ice studies, but also to raise awareness of limitations. X‐band and L‐band satellite scenes were shown to be a useful complement to the standard SAR frequency for sea ice monitoring (C‐band) for lead ice and newly formed sea ice identification. This may be in part be due to the frequency but also the high spatial resolution of these sensors. We found a relatively low correlation between snow plus ice thickness and surface roughness. Therefore, in our dataset ice thickness cannot directly be observed by SAR which has important implications for operational ice charting based on automatic segmentation.
A comparison of the two Arctic atmospheric winter states observed during N‐ICE2015 and SHEBA
Authors: Graham Robert M. , Rinke Annette , Cohen Lana , Hudson Stephen R. , Walden Von P. , Granskog Mats A. , Dorn Wolfgang , Kayser Markus , Maturilli Marion
Published: December 2016

Winter time atmospheric observations from the 2015 Norwegian young sea‐ICE campaign (N‐ICE2015) are compared with data from the 1997–1998 Surface Heat Budget of the Arctic (SHEBA) campaign. Both data sets have a bimodal distribution of the net longwave radiative flux for January–February, with modal values of −40 W m−2 and 0 W m−2. These values correspond to the radiatively clear and opaquely cloudy states, respectively, and are likely to be representative of the wider Arctic. The new N‐ICE2015 observations demonstrate that the two winter states operate in the Atlantic sector of the Arctic and regions of thin sea ice. We compare the N‐ICE2015 and SHEBA data with ERA‐Interim and output from the coupled Arctic regional climate model HIRHAM‐NAOSIM. ERA‐Interim simulates two Arctic winter states well and captures the timing of transitions from one state to the other, despite underestimating the cloud liquid water path. HIRHAM‐NAOSIM has more cloud liquid water compared with ERA‐Interim but simulates the two states poorly. Our results demonstrate that models must simulate realistic synoptic forcing and temperature profiles to accurately capture the two Arctic winter states, and not only the presence of mixed‐phase clouds. Using ERA‐Interim, we find a positive trend in the number of opaquely cloudy days in the western Atlantic sector of the Arctic, and a strong correlation with the mean winter temperature over much of the Arctic Basin. Hence, the two Arctic winter states are important for understanding interannual variability in the Arctic. The N‐ICE2015 data set will help improve our understanding of these relationships.
Challenges and perspectives for large‐scale temperature reconstructions of the past two millennia
Authors: Christiansen Bo , Ljungqvist Fredrik Charpentier
Published: December 2016

Knowledge of the temperature variability during the last one to two millennia is important for providing a perspective to present‐day climate excursions, for assessing the sensitivity of the climate to different forcings, and for providing a test bed for climate models. Since systematic instrumental temperature records only extend back to the nineteenth century, such knowledge mainly relies on climate‐sensitive proxy data. Here we critically assess some of the many challenges related to large‐scale multiproxy temperature reconstructions. We begin with a review of available large‐scale temperature reconstructions, focusing on the differences in low‐frequency variability and the response to natural forcings such as major volcanic eruptions and changes in total solar irradiance. Then, we discuss different proxy selection strategies, review previously used reconstruction methods, and discuss their ability to reconstruct the amplitude of the low‐frequency variability. To shed additional light on the challenges of large‐scale reconstructions, we investigate the spatial and temporal correlation structures in the observed temperature field and discuss the implications of these correlation structures regarding the required number and positions of proxies. We demonstrate how the unavoidable uncertainty related to noisy proxies will show up as bias and variance in the reconstruction and that the partition between these forms of errors depends on the reconstruction method. Pseudo‐proxy experiments are conducted to further discuss the influence of noise and the requirements regarding the geographical location and number of proxies necessary for reliably reconstructing the low‐frequency variability. We conclude with recommendations for future large‐scale temperature reconstructions.
A Dinuclear Cobalt Cryptate as a Homogeneous Photocatalyst for Highly Selective and Efficient Visible‐Light Driven CO2 Reduction to CO in CH3CN/H2O Solution
Authors: Ouyang Ting , Huang Hai‐Hua , Wang Jia‐Wei , Zhong Di‐Chang , Lu Tong‐Bu
Published: December 2016

A dinuclear cobalt complex [Co2(OH)L1](ClO4)3 (1, L1=N[(CH2)2NHCH2(m‐C6H4)CH2NH(CH2)2]3N) displays high selectivity and efficiency for the photocatalytic reduction of CO2 to CO in CH3CN/H2O (v/v=4:1) under a 450 nm LED light irradiation, with a light intensity of 100 mW cm−2. The selectivity reaches as high as 98 %, and the turnover numbers (TON) and turnover frequencies (TOF) reach as high as 16896 and 0.47 s−1, respectively, with the calculated quantum yield of 0.04 %. Such high activity can be attributed to the synergistic catalysis effect between two CoII ions within 1, which is strongly supported by the results of control experiments and DFT calculations.
Degradation of phytosterols in tobacco waste extract by a novel Paenibacillus sp.
Authors: Ye Jianbin , Zhang Zhan , Yan Ji , Hao Hui , Liu Xiangzhen , Yang Zongcan , Ma Ke , Yang Xuepeng , Mao Duobin , Zhou Hao
Published: December 2016

Phytosterols have been demonstrated to be precursors of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) formed during biomass pyrolysis. Here, a novel Paenibacillus sp. was evaluated for its ability to degrade phytosterols in tobacco waste extract (TWE). The optimal conditions for cell growth and stigmasterol (a representative of phytosterols) degradation were 37 °C, pH 7.0, 1.0 g/L yeast extract, and 6.0 g/L glucose. Paenibacillus sp. could degrade stigmasterol under high concentrations of glucose (up to 130 g/L) and tolerate wide pH (5.0–9.0) and temperature (25–42 °C) ranges. The new strain could degrade stigmasterol completely into CO2 and H2O, and no intermediate steroids were detected during the degradation process. Phytosterol degradation in TWE was demonstrated by high‐performance liquid chromatography–tandem mass spectrometry. Under optimal conditions (37 °C, pH 7.0, with the exponential‐phase cells), the total degradation ratio of phytosterols reached 38.5% in TWE, including 45.2% of stigmasterol, 37.4% of β‐sitosterol, 27.3% of campesterol, and 28.7% of cholesterol. These results showed that Paenibacillus sp. is a candidate for phytosterol degradation in TWE and other biomass and is potentially useful in reducing the PAHs generated from biomass pyrolysis.
Beet molasses–based feeding strategy enhances recombinant thermostable glucose isomerase production by Escherichia coli BL21 (DE3)
Authors: Yaman Sena , Çalık Pınar
Published: December 2016

The aim of this work was to develop an effective fed‐batch feeding strategy to enhance recombinant glucose isomerase (r‐GI) production by recombinant Escherichia coli BL21 (DE3) pLysS on an industrially relevant feedstock without the application of an exogenous inducer. Following the batch operation (0 < t < 7 H), the effects of pulse and/or continuous feeding of hydrolyzed beet molasses were investigated under five different feeding strategies. The two most promising strategies with respect to r‐GI activity were (i) PM‐0.05, designed with one pulse feed (t = 7 H) followed by a continuous feed and (ii) 2PMF‐0.05, designed with two consecutive pulse feeds (t = 7 and 10 H) followed by a continuous feed. The continuous feeding of molasses for both fermentation strategies employed the same precalculated feeding rate, μo = 0.05 H−1. The maximum r‐GI activities exhibited by PM‐0.05 and 2PMF‐0.05 were 29,050 and 30,642 U dm–3, respectively. On the one hand, compared to PM‐0.05 r‐GI activity reached its maximum within a shorter cultivation time (∆tmax = 2 H) at 2PMF‐0.05, which could be preferable in terms of manufacturing costs and possible risks; on the other hand, PM‐0.05 is a simpler fermentation regime compared to 2PMF‐0.05 with respect to manipulations that should be considered in large‐scale production.
Dünnwandige, mikrobewehrte Betonbauteile unter Querkraftbeanspruchung
Authors: Busse Daniel , Empelmann Martin
Published: December 2016

Im Rahmen der 2. Förderperiode des DFG‐Schwerpunktprogramms 1542 „Leicht Bauen mit Beton” werden am IBMB, Fachgebiet Massivbau der TU Braunschweig Untersuchungen zum Tragverhalten „Ultraleichter, dünnwandiger stabförmiger Betonhohlbauteile” durchgeführt. Aufgrund der aktuell nicht in ausreichendem Umfang vorliegenden Untersuchungen zum Querkrafttragverhalten von mikrobewehrten Betonbauteilen wurden zunächst grundlegende Untersuchungen durchgeführt. Diese beinhalten experimentelle und theoretische Untersuchungen zum Querkrafttragverhalten profilierter, dünnwandiger Träger mit mikrobewehrten Stegen. Mit den durchgeführten Versuchen konnte gezeigt werden, dass mit einer Mikrobewehrung ausgeführte, dünnwandige Bauteile hohe Tragfähigkeiten erreichen können und gegenüber konventionell bewehrten Bauteilen ein verbessertes Rissverhalten und eine verbesserte Versagensvorankündigung aufweisen. Zudem konnte nachgewiesen werden, dass die Tragfähigkeit von dünnwandigen, mikrobewehrten Bauteilen mit den aktuellen Berechnungsansätzen nach EC2+NA oder ACI 318 konservativ und damit auf der sicheren Seite liegend ermittelt werden kann.
Von der Bauteilfügung zu leichten Tragwerken: Trocken gefügte Flächenelemente aus UHPFRC
Authors: Lehmberg Sven , Ledderose Lukas , Wirth Franz , Budelmann Harald , Kloft Harald
Published: December 2016

Mit der Entwicklung von neuartig gefügten, dünnwandigen und damit leichten Bauteilen soll der ressourceneffiziente Einsatz von ultrahochfestem faserverstärkten Feinkornbeton in Tragwerken ermöglicht werden. Die Herstellung von modularen, leistungsfähigen UHPFRC‐Bauteilen wird durch den „Digital Workflow” aus digitaler Planung, Berechnung und CNC‐gesteuerter Fertigungstechnik ermöglicht. Durch die Verbindung von leichten Betonelementen mittels neuer hochpräziser Non‐Standard‐Fügeprinzipien können diese material‐ und kraftflussgerecht miteinander verbunden werden. Die Ergebnisse trocken gefügter Plattenbalken zeigen die Herstellbarkeit und das Potenzial der Trockenstoßverbindungen im realen Maßstab. Beim Nachweis der Tragfähigkeit von dünnwandigen Bauelementen zeigt sich, dass der Einfluss der Faserbewehrung zusätzlich beachtet werden muss.
Non‐Waste‐Wachsschalungen: Neuartige Präzisionsschalungen aus recycelbaren Industriewachsen
Authors: Mainka Jeldrik , Kloft Harald , Baron Sarah , Hoffmeister Hans‐Werner , Dröder Klaus
Published: December 2016

Die heutigen Möglichkeiten, im Stahlbetonbau komplexe Freiformen, geschwungene Wandungen und filigrane Details zu realisieren, bedingen Schalungstechnologien, die diesen Entwicklungen gerecht werden. Hohe Präzision bei maximaler Formfreiheit ist dabei ein wesentliches Anforderungskriterium für den Schalungsbau der neuen, sogenannten Freiformarchitekturen. Die Voraussetzungen für die Formfreiheit sind digitale 3D‐Planungs‐ und Fertigungstechnologien, mit deren Hilfe Schalungen mit hoher Präzision und beliebigen Freiheitsgraden entworfen und gefertigt werden. Der vorliegende Beitrag beschreibt einen Forschungsansatz, in dem Industriewachse als Schalungsmaterialien verwendet werden. Diese stellen durch die Wiederverwendbarkeit der Wachse einen ökonomischen und ökologischen Fertigungsprozess für individuelle Beton‐Freiformen dar.
Tragverhalten von geschichteten Deckenelementen aus Normal‐ und Porenleichtbeton
Authors: Frenzel Michael , Curbach Manfred
Published: December 2016

Leichte und effizient tragende Biegebauteile aus Stahlbeton können durch einen dreischichtigen Querschnittsaufbau aus Normal‐ und Porenleichtbeton realisiert werden. Während sich Biegemomente über die äußeren Deckschichten höherer Festigkeit abtragen lassen, werden Querkräfte von einer leichten, gering tragfähigen Kernschicht aufgenommen. Um das Poten zial dieser Bauweise erfassen zu können, wurde das Tragverhalten von 18 geschichteten Deckenelementen mit sechs unterschiedlichen Geometrien untersucht. Dabei sollten sowohl verschiedene Versagensarten identifiziert als auch die Eignung herkömmlich bekannter Berechnungsmodelle beurteilt werden.

Nachfolgend wird gezeigt, dass optimal ausgenutzte Querschnitte bereits durch den Einsatz von Betonen mit Druckfestigkeiten von 5 MN/m2 bis 20 MN/m2 erzielt werden können. Die effizient tragenden Elemente sind dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass auf Bruchlastniveau sowohl der Beton, der Bewehrungsstahl als auch die Verbundfuge sowohl auf Druck als auch Zug sehr hoch beansprucht sind. Bei den untersuchten Prüfkörpern zeigten sich damit sowohl das Biegezug‐ als auch das Fugenversagen mit einer teilweise sehr hohen Auslastung der Biegedruckzone.
Attomol‐level ATP bioluminometer for detecting single bacterium
Authors: Okanojo Masahiro , Miyashita Noe , Tazaki Aya , Tada Hiroko , Hamazoto Fumiaki , Hisamatsu Mitsuko , Noda Hideyuki
Published: December 2016

We have developed an automated high‐sensitive ATP bioluminometer for detecting single bacterium. The apparatus consists of a tube rack for setting reagents and samples, two washing baths for preventing sample carry‐over from dispenser nozzle, and x‐, y‐, z‐ actuators for moving the dispenser, and an high‐sensitive optical system. The reaction tube was selected to reduce the background signal intensities for the ATP bioluminescence measurement. The background signal intensity of the reaction tube was 18 RLU, which is almost the same as the dark counts of the photomultiplier (16 RLU). The ATP calibration curve was linear from 0 to 5 amol (its slope = 22.4 RLU/amol and 3.3 SD of the blank sample signal = 17.9 RLU), and the detection limit of 0.8 amol was obtained. The relationship between intracellular ATP and CFU in Escherichia coli (ATCC25922) was kept linearity from 0 to 20 CFU, and the intracellular ATP (amol) per CFU was calculated to be 3.3 amol/CFU (R2 = 0.9713). Moreover, the relationship between intracellular ATP and CFU in Staphylococcus aureus (ATCC25923) was also kept linearity from 0 to 30 CFU, and the amol/CFU was calculated to be 1.6 amol/CFU (R2 = 0.9847). The automated ATP bioluminometer has ultra‐high sensitivity and will be a powerful tool for measuring ATP luminescence derived from small number of bacteria.
Thermoluminescence characterization of Ag‐doped Li2B4O7 single crystal materials
Authors: Kuralı D. , Ekdal Karalı E. , Kelemen A. , Holovey V. , Can N. , Karalı T.
Published: December 2016

In this study, the thermoluminescence (TL) characteristics of Ag‐doped and undoped lithium tetraborate (Li2B4O7, LTB) materials, grown using the Czochralski method, were reported. The TL properties of LTB:Ag, such as glow curve structure, dose response, fading and reproducibility, were investigated. The glow curve of the Li2B4O7:Ag single crystal consists of four peaks located at approximately 75, 130, 190 and 275°C; in undoped LTB, the single crystal shows a broad glow curve with peaks at 65, 90, 125, 160 and 190°C using a heating rate of 5°C/s in the 50–350°C temperature region. The high temperature peak of Ag‐doped sample at 275°C has a nonlinear dose response within the range from 33 mGy to 9 Gy. There is a linear response in the range of 33–800 mGy; after which, a sublinear region appears up to 9 Gy for Ag‐doped LTB single crystal. For undoped single crystal, the dose response is supralinear for low doses and linear for the region between 1 and 9 Gy. The thermal fading ratio of the undoped material is almost 60% for the high temperature peak after 7 days. Ag‐doped LTB single crystal exhibits different behaviour over a period of 7 days.
Immobilization of Alcohol Dehydrogenase from E. coli onto Mesoporous Silica for Application as a Cofactor Recycling System
Authors: Dreifke Michael , Brieler Felix J. , Fröba Michael
Published: December 2016

Alcohol dehydrogenase (ADH) from Escherichia coli (E. coli) was electrostatically immobilized onto the surface of aminopropyl modified mesoporous cellular siliceous foams (MCF‐NH2). To ascertain the optimal pH for the immobilization, several pH values (pH 6.5, 7.0, 7.5) were examined. The MCF‐NH2 amount applied for immobilization was also varied to identify the most suitable enzyme to host ratio. ADH uptakes, long‐term stabilities, and leaching behavior were monitored, and the forward and back reactions were studied. ADH activity after 24 h of immobilization decreased with increasing pH. Independent of the pH, the best long‐term stabilities were obtained with an enzyme to silica ratio of 1:10. The back reaction is always preferred and is thus much faster. Michaelis–Menten kinetics of the free and the immobilized ADH of the forward as well as the back reaction were elaborated for each immobilization pH and by employing an ADH to MCF‐NH2 ratio of 1:10. Turnover numbers and the enzyme efficiencies (EE) were determined. From the kinetic aspects the immobilization was most promising when using a pH 6.5 buffer (forward reaction) or pH 7.0 buffer (back reaction) for immobilization. Thus, depending on the coenzyme that needs to be recycled (NADP+ or NADPH) the pH of the immobilization has to be selected.
The Role of Ruthenium on Carbon‐Supported PtRu Catalysts for Electrocatalytic Glycerol Oxidation under Acidic Conditions
Authors: Kim Youngmin , Kim Hyun Woo , Lee Seonhwa , Han Jisu , Lee Daewon , Kim Jeong‐Rang , Kim Tae‐Wan , Kim Chul‐Ung , Jeong Soon‐Yong , Chae Ho‐Jeong , Kim Beom‐Sik , Chang Hyunju , Kim Won Bae , Choi Sung Mook , Kim Hyung Ju
Published: December 2016

A series of binary PtRu catalysts with different Pt/Ru atomic ratios (from 7:3 to 3:7) were synthesized on a carbon support using the colloidal method; they were then used for electrooxidation of glycerol in acid media. X‐ray diffraction, transmission electron microscopy, X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy, and X‐ray absorption spectroscopy analyses were used to investigate particle size, size distribution, and structural and electronic properties of the prepared catalysts. Ru added to the Pt‐based catalysts caused structural and electronic modifications over the PtRu alloy catalyst formation. The electrocatalytic activities of PtRu/C series catalysts were investigated using cyclic voltammetry. The Pt5Ru5/C catalyst shows enhanced catalytic activity at least 40 % higher than that of the Pt/C catalyst, with improved stability for glycerol electrooxidation; these improvements are attributed to structural and electronic modifications of the Pt catalysts. Using an electrocatalytic batch reactor, product analysis after the oxidation reaction was performed by high‐performance liquid chromatography to determine and compare the reaction pathways on the Pt/C and PtRu/C catalysts. To understand different catalytic activities of glycerol oxidation on the PtRu alloy surfaces, density functional calculations were performed.
Low‐Pressure Hydrogenation of Nitriles to Primary Amines Catalyzed by Ruthenium Pincer Complexes. Scope and mechanism
Authors: Mukherjee Arup , Srimani Dipankar , Ben‐David Yehoshoa , Milstein David
Published: December 2016

The catalytic hydrogenation of nitriles to primary amines constitutes an environmentally benign and atom‐economical methodology in synthetic organic chemistry. However, selective hydrogenation can be challenging, and usually elevated pressure and the use of various additives is required. Herein the hydrogenation of aromatic and aliphatic nitriles to form primary amines catalyzed by ruthenium pincer complexes is described. The reactions are conducted at low H2 pressure, low catalytic loadings and, in case of a variety of benzonitriles, under neutral conditions and without any additives. Mechanistic insight is provided.
Synthesis of Carbon‐Supported Pt–YOx and PtY Nanoparticles with High Catalytic Activity for the Oxygen Reduction Reaction Using a Microwave‐based Polyol Method
Authors: Tsuji Masaharu , Uto Keiko , Nagami Tetsuo , Muto Akiko , Fukushima Hideoki , Hayashi Jun‐ichiro
Published: December 2016

Carbon‐supported PtY alloy nanoparticles were prepared as oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) catalysts by reducing a mixture of cis‐[Pt(NH3)2(NO2)2] or Pt(C5H7O2)2 and Y(CH3COO)3⋅4 H2O in ethylene glycol (EG) with microwave (MW) heating. Microstructure and composition analyses of products by using TEM, TEM–energy‐dispersive X‐ray spectroscopy (EDS), XRD, X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), and inductively coupled plasma atomic emission spectroscopy (ICP‐AES) data showed that Pt–YOx/C (Y/Pt=0.11–0.75) catalysts involving amorphous yttrium oxide were formed as major products. When the YOx component in the catalysts was removed by using HNO3 treatment, Pt99.1–99.6Y0.4–0.9/C alloy catalysts with low Y contents remained. Higher ORR activity was shown by Pt–YOx/C and PtY/C catalysts than by Pt–Y(OH)3/C, Pt–YOx/C, or PtY/C catalysts prepared by using other conventional chemical reduction methods and thermal treatment methods under a H2/Ar or Ar atmosphere. The mass activity (MA) and surface specific activity (SA) of the best Pt99.5Y0.5/C catalyst, MA=245 A gPt−1 and SA=711 μA cmPt−2, were equal to or higher than those of the commercially used Pt86Co14/C catalyst, MA=245 A gPt−1 and SA=512 μA cmPt−2. The major reasons for the high ORR activity of these Pt–YOx/C and PtY catalysts are discussed. These Pt99.1–99.6Y0.4–0.9/C alloy catalysts prepared by using acid treatment are new and promising catalysts for use in proton exchange membrane fuel cells (PEMFCs).
Design of an Autoreduced Copper in Carbon Nanotube Catalyst to Realize the Precisely Selective Hydrogenation of Dimethyl Oxalate
Authors: Ai Peipei , Tan Minghui , Ishikuro Yuki , Hosoi Yuta , Yang Guohui , Yoneyama Yoshiharu , Tsubaki Noritatsu
Published: December 2016

An autoreduced catalyst that comprised Cu nanoparticles encapsulated inside the nanochannels of carbon nanotubes (Cu@CNTs) was designed and prepared. As a result of the interaction of Cu species with the electron‐deficient interior surface of the CNTs, calcination could realize the autoreduction of copper oxide directly with CNTs as the reductant. In the hydrogenation of dimethyl oxalate (DMO), the autoreduced Cu@CNTs catalyst, which did not need to be prereduced, exhibited an excellent catalytic activity, high target product selectivity, and high catalytic efficiency. Furthermore, the effect of the calcination temperature on the autoreduction degree of Cu@CNTs and the product selectivity in DMO hydrogenation were investigated in detail. The results showed that the autoreduction degree could be tuned easily by changing the calcination temperature, and the highest selectivity of ethanol could be obtained over the catalyst calcined at 500 °C. The findings obtained will inspire the development of other autoreduced catalysts, the reduction degree and catalytic performance of which can be tuned as desired.
Mixing in Biogas Digesters and Development of an Artificial Substrate for Laboratory‐Scale Mixing Optimization
Authors: Wiedemann Leonhard , Conti Fosca , Janus Tomasz , Sonnleitner Matthias , Zörner Wilfried , Goldbrunner Markus
Published: December 2016

The current state of the art in mixing of biogas digesters is described and the areas where future research needs to be concentrated are outlined. Since mixing is the biggest contributor to energy consumption in digesters, it is important to optimize it in order to improve the overall cost‐effectiveness of biodigestion. This optimization problem is a large‐scale nonlinear mixed‐integer problem with many decision variables. Also, an artificial substrate for lab‐scale experimental studies on digester mixing is introduced. This artificial substrate has several properties crucial for the task like rheological behavior which allows for transferring the results of the lab‐scale experiments to full scale, transparency to observe flow patterns, and thus, quantify the degree of mixing, stability preventing the substrate to change its rheological properties over time, and lack of any health hazards.
Influence of Operating Parameters on Biomass Conversion under Sub‐ and Supercritical Water Conditions
Authors: Isa Khairuddin Md , Kasim Farizul Hafiz , Saad Saiful Azhar , Rahim Mohd Asri Ab , Aziz Mohd Aizudin Abd , Ali Umi Fazara Md
Published: December 2016

The influence of reaction pressure, reaction time, reaction temperature, and biomass‐to‐water mass ratio R on the conversion of miscanthus biomass to biofuels under sub‐ and supercritical water (SCW) conditions was investigated. The highest total conversion was obtained under SCW conditions and the heating value increased under subcritical and SCW conditions. The findings herein show that near‐supercritical and supercritical water at 400 °C and high pressure can be an effective reaction medium for converting biomass to oils with relatively low oxygen contents in high yields.
SiO2/Carbon Composite Microspheres with Hollow Core–Shell Structure as a High‐Stability Electrode for Lithium‐Ion Batteries
Authors: Jiao Miaolun , Liu Kunlin , Shi Zhiqiang , Wang Chengyang
Published: December 2016

The SiO2/carbon composite material used as a lithium‐ion battery (LIB) anode was synthesized by aerosol spraying a mixture of polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) solution and SiO2 nanoparticles, followed by coating polyacrylonitrile (PAN) on the SiO2/PVA surface and an annealing treatment at 800 °C. The as‐prepared SiO2/po‐C@C has a hollow core–shell structure. The hollow section contributes to accommodate the volume expansion of SiO2 nanoparticles; the skeleton of porous carbon in the core not only enhances the electronic conductivity, but also provides the lithium‐ion diffusion path; the PAN‐based carbon shell benefits for forming a stable solid electrolyte interphase (SEI) film. This core–shell structure could partly alleviate the pulverization of the SiO2/po‐C@C particles and also perform excellent electrochemical performances. Compared with the SiO2@C composite, the SiO2/po‐C@C composite possesses a high specific charge capacity of 669.8 mA h g−1 at a current density of 100 mA g−1 after 100 charge and discharge cycles with a high capacity retention of 98.6 %. Therefore, the SiO2/po‐C@C composite with a hollow core‐shell structure shows great potential as an anode material for future LIBs.
ChemInform Abstract: Metal Flux Growth, Structural Relations, and Physical Properties of EuCu2Ge2 and Eu3T2In9 (T: Cu and Ag).
Authors: Subbarao Udumula , Roy Soumyabrata , Sarma Saurav Ch. , Sarkar Sumanta , Mishra Vidyanshu , Khulbe Yatish , Peter Sebastian C.
Published: December 2016

Single crystals of Eu3Ag2In9 (I) and EuCu2Ge2 (II) are grown from melts of the elements using In as a flux (Al2O3 crucible in evacuated silica tubes, 1.
ChemInform Abstract: Effects of the Orientation of [B5O11]7‐ Fundamental Building Blocks on Layered Structures Based on the Pentaborates.
Authors: Mutailipu Miriding , Zhang Min , Dong Xiaoyu , Chen Yanna , Pan Shilie
Published: December 2016

Single crystals of Rb4Ba2.5B20O34Br (I), Rb2Ba4B20O34Br2 (II), Rb4Ba2.5B20O34Cl (III), and KBaB5O9 (IV) are grown by spontaneous nucleation from 2:2:0.5:10:2 molar mixtures of Rb2CO3, BaCO3, BaBr2 (or BaCl2), B2O3 and PbO for (I) and (III) as an example (Pt crucible, 830 °C, 24 h).
ChemInform Abstract: Structural and Thermophysical Properties of Sr7U(PO4)6 and Ba7U(PO4)6.
Authors: Vats Bal Govind , Phatak Rohan , Krishnan K. , Keskar Meera , Sali S. K. , Kannan S.
Published: December 2016

Sr7U(PO4)6 (I) and Ba7U(PO4)6 (II) are prepared by solid state reaction of stoichiometric amounts of SrCO3 or BaCO3, UO2, and NH4H2PO4 under Ar (1.
ChemInform Abstract: Discovery of a Red‐Emitting Li3RbGe8O18:Mn4+ Phosphor in the Alkali‐Germanate System: Structural Determination and Electronic Calculations.
Authors: Singh Satendra Pal , Kim Minseuk , Park Woon Bae , Lee Jin‐Woong , Sohn Kee‐Sun
Published: December 2016

A solid‐state combinatorial chemistry approach in the M—Ge—O (M: Li, K, Rb) system doped with Mn4+ results in the title phosphor (initial Mn levels of 0.005 M) which is prepared by firing the alkali carbonates, GeO2, and MnCO3 in air (multiple sample container, 800 °C, 4 h).
ChemInform Abstract: Discovery of a Superconducting Cu—Bi Intermetallic Compound by High‐Pressure Synthesis.
Authors: Clarke Samantha M. , Walsh James P. S. , Amsler Maximilian , Malliakas Christos D. , Yu Tony , Goedecker Stefan , Wang Yanbin , Wolverton Chris , Freedman Danna E.
Published: December 2016

Polycrystalline Cu11Bi7 is prepared by hot press annealing of ball milled stoichiometric mixtures of the elements (BN crucible in multianvil press, 6 GPa, 530—570 °C, 1 h).
ChemInform Abstract: Structure and Magnetic Behavior of Layered Honeycomb Tellurates, BiM(III)TeO6 (M: Cr, Mn, Fe).
Authors: Kim Sun Woo , Deng Zheng , Fischer Zachary , Lapidus Saul H. , Stephens Peter W. , Li Man‐Rong , Greenblatt Martha
Published: December 2016

The title tellurates are prepared as polycrystalline samples by calcination of stoichiometric amounts of Bi2O3, M2O3, and TeO3 in air (Al2O3 crucible, 750 °C, 24 h).
ChemInform Abstract: Cubic Re6+ (5d1) Double Perovskites, Ba2MgReO6, Ba2ZnReO6, and Ba2Y2/3ReO6: Magnetism, Heat Capacity, μSR, and Neutron Scattering Studies and Comparison with Theory.
Authors: Greedan John E. , et al.
Published: December 2016

Polycrystalline Ba2MReO6 (M: Mg, Zn, Y2/3; Re6+ (5d1, t2g1)) are prepared by solid state reaction of stoichiometric amounts of BaCO3, MgO, ZnO, Y2O3, and ReO3 (Pt crucible, 1000—1200 °C, 2 d).
ChemInform Abstract: Photoelectrochemical Water Splitting on Particulate ANbO2N (A: Ba, Sr) Photoanodes Prepared from Perovskite‐Type ANbO3.
Authors: Seo Jeongsuk , Moriya Yosuke , Kodera Masanori , Hisatomi Takashi , Minegishi Tsutomu , Katayama Masao , Domen Kazunari
Published: December 2016

Perovskite‐type ANbO2N (A: Ba, Sr) is prepared by thermal nitriding of the title oxide precursors (Al2O3 boats, 1173 K, 20 h, NH3 flow of 250 ml/min).
ChemInform Abstract: LnBSb2O8 (Ln: Sm, Eu, Gd, Tb): A Series of Lanthanide Boroantimonates with Unusual 3D Anionic Structures.
Authors: Yan Dong , Mao Fei‐Fei , Mao Jiang‐Gao
Published: December 2016

Single crystals of LnBSb2O8 (Ln: Sm (I), Eu (II), Gd (III), and Tb (IV)) are prepared by solid state reactions of Ln2O3, Tb4O7, and H3BO3 (Pt crucible, 950 °C, 72 h).
ChemInform Abstract: Th3 [Th6(OH)4O4(H2O)6] (SO4)12(H2O)13: A Self‐Assembled Microporous Open‐Framework Thorium Sulfate.
Authors: Lin Jian , Jin Geng Bang , Soderholm L.
Published: December 2016

Microcrystals of Th3 [Th6(OH)4O4(H2O)6] (SO4)12 (H2O) 13·xTh4+·ySO4 2‐·nH 2O (I) are isolated by evaporation of an aqueous solution of Th(OH)4 in H2SO4 (pH 2.4—2.5, 3 d).
ChemInform Abstract: Syntheses, Characterization and Theoretical Studies of Three Apatite‐Type Phosphates MPb4(PO4)3 (M: K, Rb, Cs).
Authors: Abudoureheman Maierhaba , Han Shujuan , Dong Xiaoyu , Lei Bing‐Hua , Wang Ying , Yang Zhihua , Long Xifa , Pan Shilie
Published: December 2016

Polycrystalline MPb4(PO4)3 (M: K, Rb, Cs) is prepared by solid state reaction of stoichiometric amounts of the alkali carbonates, PbO, and NH4H2PO4 (muffle furnace, 400 °C, 12 h) followed by sintering at 650—720 °C.
ChemInform Abstract: Ba3(Cr0.97(1)Te0.03 (1))2TeO9: In Search of Jahn—Teller Distorted Cr(II) Oxide.
Authors: Li Man‐Rong , Deng Zheng , Lapidus Saul H. , Stephens Peter W. , Segre Carlo U. , Croft Mark , Paria Sena Robert , Hadermann Joke , Walker David , Greenblatt Martha
Published: December 2016

The 6H‐type hexagonal perovskite Ba3 (Cr0.97Te0.03)2TeO9 is prepared by hot press sintering of a mixture of Ba2TeO5, Cr, and Cr2O3 (Ba:Cr:Te = 2:1:1; multianvil press, 6 GPa, 1773 K, 4 h; quenching to 25 °C and pressure release over 8—12 h).
ChemInform Abstract: Closing Uranyl Polyoxometalate Capsules with Bismuth and Lead Polyoxocations.
Authors: Renier Olivier , Falaise Clement , Neal Harrison , Kozma Karoly , Nyman May
Published: December 2016

The polyoxocations [Bi6O8]2+ and [Pb8O6]4+ are encapsulated in [(UO2)(O2)(OH)]2424‐ to form Li22 [(Bi6O8){(UO2)O2 (OH)}24]·nH2O (I) and Li16.8 [(Pb8O6)0.7(Pb8)0.2 (Pb6)0.1{(UO2)O2 (OH)}24]·nH2O (II) despite being stable on opposite ends of the pH scale in aqueous media.
ChemInform Abstract: Facile Preparation of Wurtzite CuInE2 (E: S, Se) Nanoparticles under Solvothermal Conditions.
Authors: Zhao Xuzhao , Huang Yining , Corrigan John F.
Published: December 2016

Wurtzite‐type monodisperse CuInS2 (I) and CuInSe2 (II) nanoparticles are prepared by controlled solvothermal reaction of (Ph3P)2CuIn(XEt)4 (X: S, Se; prepared according to the literature) and S8 (no additional Se source for CuInSe2) in THF (autoclave, 140—200 °C, 24 h).
ChemInform Abstract: Catalytic Enantioselective Conjugate Additions of (pin)B‐Substituted Allylcopper Compounds Generated in situ from Butadiene or Isoprene.
Authors: Li Xiben , Meng Fanke , Torker Sebastian , Shi Ying , Hoveyda Amir H.
Published: December 2016

Multicomponent catalytic enantioselective transformations that entail the combination of butadiene or isoprene (common feedstock), an enoate (prepared in one step) and B2(pin)2 (commercially available) are presented.
ChemInform Abstract: Copper‐Catalyzed Asymmetric Conjugate Addition of Dimethylzinc to Acyl‐N‐methylimidazole Michael Acceptors: Scope, Limitations and Iterative Reactions.
Authors: Drissi‐Amraoui Sammy , Schmid Thibault E. , Lauberteaux Jimmy , Crevisy Christophe , Basle Olivier , de Figueiredo Renata Marcia , Halbert Stephanie , Gerard Helene , Mauduit Marc , Campagne Jean‐Marc
Published: December 2016

The copper catalyzed enantioselective addition of dimethylzinc to α,β‐unsaturated ketones having a heterocyclic moiety on the other side is investigated in the presence of a chiral bidentate hydroxyalkyl‐NHC ligand.
ChemInform Abstract: Styrene as 4π‐Component in Zn(II)‐Catalyzed Intermolecular Diels—Alder/Ene Tandem Reaction.
Authors: Zheng Min , Wu Feng , Chen Kai , Zhu Shifa
Published: December 2016

A mild tandem Diels—Alder/ene reaction of styrene with 2 equiv.
ChemInform Abstract: Transformation of Carbon Dioxide into Oxazolidinones and Cyclic Carbonates Catalyzed by Rare‐Earth‐Metal Phenolates.
Authors: Xu Bin , Wang Peng , Lv Min , Yuan Dan , Yao Yingming
Published: December 2016

A series of epoxides and challenging disubstituted epoxides are converted into the respective carbonates in the presence of CO2 using rare‐earth‐ metal complexes stabilized by amine‐bridged tri(phenolato) ligands as catalysts.
ChemInform Abstract: Transition‐Metal‐Free Decarboxylative Photoredox Coupling of Carboxylic Acids and Alcohols with Aromatic Nitriles.
Authors: Lipp Benjamin , Nauth Alexander M. , Opatz Till
Published: December 2016

The scalable reaction has a broad substrate scope, thus tolerating aryl and various hetaryl cyanides as well as functionalized alkyl carboxylic acids, including amino acids, but no keto acids or aryl substituted carboxylic acids.
ChemInform Abstract: Enantioselective Hydrogenation of Diarylmethanimines for Synthesis of Chiral Diarylmethylamines.
Authors: Kong Duanyang , Li Meina , Zi Guofu , Hou Guohua , He Yong
Published: December 2016

The reaction requires an ortho‐substituted aryl group in the substrates to achieve excellent enantiomeric excesses.
ChemInform Abstract: Stereoselective Organocatalytic Synthesis of α,α‐Difluoro‐γ,γ‐disubstituted Butenals.
Authors: Arimitsu Satoru , Nakasone Makoto
Published: December 2016

Further transformation of all prepared butenals into the corresponding alcohols is described, and depending on the products′ substitution pattern excellent (E)‐stereoselectivity is achieved in most cases.
ChemInform Abstract: (IPr)CuF‐Catalyzed α‐Site Regiocontrolled trans‐Hydrofluorination of Ynamides.
Authors: Zhu Guohao , Qiu Shineng , Xi Yang , Ding Yao , Zhang Dongming , Zhang Rong , He Guangke , Zhu Hongjun
Published: December 2016

The trans‐hydrofluorination of various ynamides such as oxazolidinonyl‐, imidazolyl‐, and N‐sulfonyl ynamides affords (Z)‐α‐fluoroenamides in moderate to excellent yields.
ChemInform Abstract: Copper‐Catalyzed Difluoromethylation of Aryl Iodides with (Difluoromethyl)zinc Reagent.
Authors: Serizawa Hiroki , Ishii Koki , Aikawa Kohsuke , Mikami Koichi
Published: December 2016

Aryl iodides bearing electron‐donating substituents, such as (If,g) afford the corresponding target products (IIIf,g) only in low yields.
ChemInform Abstract: Visible Light‐Induced Monofluoromethylenation of Heteroarenes with Ethyl Bromofluoroacetate.
Authors: Yu Wei , Xu Xiu‐Hua , Qing Feng‐Ling
Published: December 2016

A visible light‐promoted monofluoromethylenation of heteroarenes with ethyl bromofluoroacetate is developed.
ChemInform Abstract: Copper‐Catalyzed C—N Bond Formation via Oxidative Cross‐Coupling of Amines with α‐Aminocarbonyl Compounds.
Authors: Liu Xing‐Xing , Wu Zhao‐Yang , He Yong‐Qin , Zhou Xiao‐Qiang , Hu Ting , Ma Chao‐Wei , Huang Guo‐Sheng
Published: December 2016

The title reaction is achieved under two different sets of reaction conditions to allow the selective formation of 2‐iminocarbonyl and 2‐oxocarbonyl compounds, respectively.
ChemInform Abstract: Hexafluoro‐2‐propanol‐Promoted Intermolecular Friedel—Crafts Acylation Reaction.
Authors: Vekariya Rakesh H. , Aube Jeffrey
Published: December 2016

Friedel—Crafts acylation of arenes by aroyl chlorides in hexafluoroisopropanol without any additives yields aromatic and heteroaromatic ketones at room temperature.
ChemInform Abstract: Unprotected Amino Acids as Stable Radical Precursors for Heterocycle C—H Functionalization.
Authors: Mai Duy N. , Baxter Ryan D.
Published: December 2016

An efficient and general method is developed that utilizes unprotected amino acids as bench‐stable sources of alkyl radicals for the C—H functionalization of heterocycles.
ChemInform Abstract: Cobalt‐Catalyzed C(sp3)—C(sp3) Homocoupling.
Authors: Cai Yingxiao , Qian Xin , Gosmini Corinne
Published: December 2016

A novel reductive homocoupling of unfunctionalized alkyl bromides and chlorides is described using manganese powder as reductant and CoBr2 as convenient catalyst.
ChemInform Abstract: Cobalt‐Catalyzed, Imine‐Directed Olefin Hydroarylation under Grignard‐Free Conditions.
Authors: Xu Wengang , Pek Jie Hui , Yoshikai Naohiko
Published: December 2016

Phenyl derived ketimines, naphthalene or indole substituted aldimines undergo a CoBr2‐catalyzed directed hydroarylation with styrenes in the presence of magnesium as reductant to yield branched carbonyl products after hydrolytic workup.
ChemInform Abstract: Visible‐Light‐Activated Copper(I) Catalyzed Oxidative Csp—Csp Cross‐Coupling Reaction: Efficient Synthesis of Unsymmetrical Conjugated Diynes Without Ligands and Base.
Authors: Sagadevan Arunachalam , Lyu Ping‐Chiang , Hwang Kuo Chu
Published: December 2016

A blue LED‐promoted copper‐catalyzed cross‐coupling reaction of terminal alkynes at room temperature is described.