bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Making it Work – A BSN Faculty’s Process of Curriculum Redesign
Authors: Elliott Shannon , Rees Glynda , Shackell Eileen , Walker Joan
Published: September 2017

Curriculum renewal is an ongoing reality for all undergraduate nursing programs and is often a challenge for educators in preparing nursing students for practice. In response to constantly changing educational strategies, methodologies and knowledge, a BSN nursing program determined that a curriculum redesign was necessary. This article outlines a BSN faculty’s curriculum redesign process from the perspective of the Curriculum Development Team. The process of building a knowledge base, establishing a foundation, designing the curriculum, involving faculty and lessons learned are outlined. The process of redesigning the curriculum is shared with the aim of helping others who are engaging in curriculum redesign.
Culture-Led Regeneration in Rome: From the Factory City to the Knowledge City
Authors: Palazzo Anna Laura
Published: September 2017

In the early 1990s, the notion of culture-led regeneration entered the urban agenda of several European cities confronted with drastic economic changes due to losses in their industrial base. This paper critically addresses a major case in the City of Rome, indeed less affected by these phenomena. In here, the densely populated working-class districts of Ostiense and Testaccio along the Tiber River just outside the City Centre have become part for some years now of a culture-led regeneration program conveying a brand new idea of “Knowledge City” deemed able to supplant the previous image of the “Factory City.”
Приметы И Их ВерБализация В Tрадициях Двух Славянских Народов : Культурологический И Прагмалингвистический Аспекты
Authors: Норман Борис , Райнохова Наталья
Published: September 2017

The article deals with folk superstitions (predictions, beliefs) common in Russian society, and the corresponding stereotypical expressions, such as: Кончик носа чешется - в рюмку смотреть; Не ешь с ножа - сердитым будешь; Через порог не здороваются; (when starting a journey) Присядем на дорожку, etc. The authors show that these expressions are used with a special phatic function: their purpose is to neutralize, to smooth the effects of an uncomfortable situation (something was broken, someone took somebody for someone else, someone hiccupped, any other unpleasant happening, etc.). Therefore, these folk expressions serve as sociolinguistic factors, optimizing the course of a dialogue. The author also gives examples of the “new” superstitions that imitate already known models and that were created with a special game purpose (like Ходить на работу - к деньгам). Examples from Russian fiction and Internet sources are provided. The facts of Russian discourse are compared with the examples from the Czech language and the national specificity of the superstitions is discussed in the article.
Charakteristik Y Používania Vlastných Mien U Žien Maďarskej Národnosti Na Slovensku
Authors: Misadová Katarína
Published: September 2017

Usage of personal names of Hungarians - both women and men - as members of a national minority varies not only according to the circumstances of the country which represents homeland to them, but also it varies from specific Hungarian speaking community to community and even from individual to individual. The study focuses on different forms of first (given) names and family names (surnames) characteristic of female Hungarians living in Slovakia, including the usage of the feminine suffix -ová in Hungarian surnames of women. The paper also discusses the topic of particular legislation, regulations and directives concerning the usage of personal names of members of national minorities which, to a large extent especially with women, can influence the choice of the form of their given name and surname.
Modulatory effect of caffeic acid on cholinesterases inhibitory properties of donepezil
Authors: Agunloye Odunayo Michael , Oboh Ganiyu
Published: September 2017

Background

Donepezil hydrochloride commonly used in the management of Alzheimer’s disease (AD), exhibiting its inhibitory effects on acetylcholinesterase and butyrylcholinesterase activity thereby enhance cognitive function. Caffeic acid member of hydroxycinnamic acid is widely present in human diet. This study aims to investigate influence of caffeic acid on acetylcholinesterase and butyrylcholinesterase inhibitory properties of donepezil (in vitro).

Methods

5 mg of donepezil was dissolved in 50 mL distilled water while 10 mg of caffeic acid was dissolved in 100 mL distilled water. Therefore, mixtures of samples were prepared as follows: A2=donepezil 0.075 mg/mL+caffeic acid 0.025 mg/mL; A3=donepezil 0.050 mg/mL+caffeic acid 0.050 mg/mL; A4=donepezil 0.025 mg/mL+caffeic acid 0.075 mg/mL. All samples were kept in the refrigerator at 4 °C for subsequent analysis.

Results

The result showed that all the combinations show an inhibitory effect on acetylcholinesterase and butyrylcholinesterase activity in vitro, with the combination A4=donepezil 0.025 mg/mL+caffeic acid 0.075 mg/mL had significant (p<0.05) highest inhibitory effect on acetylcholinesterase and butyrylcholinesterase activity in vitro. More so, all the samples were able to prevent pro-oxidants (FeSO4 and sodium nitroprusside [SNP] ) induced lipid peroxidation in rat brain homogenate, with the combination A4=donepezil 0.025 mg/mL+caffeic acid 0.075 mg/mL and A3=donepezil 0.050 mg/mL+caffeic acid 0.050 mg/mL had highest inhibitory effect against FeSO4 and SNP induced lipid peroxidation in rat brain homogenate in vitro respectively. Moreover, all the samples exhibit antioxidant properties as typified by their ability to chelate iron (II) ion (Fe2+), hydroxyl radical (OH٭) radical scavenging ability and ferric reducing property (FRAP).

Conclusions

Therefore, the combination of caffeic acid with donepezil enhances the antioxidant properties of donepezil. The combination of caffeic acid with donepezil could be a therapeutic aid in the management of AD, possibly with fewer side effects of donepezil. Nevertheless, the combination donepezil 0.025 mg/mL+caffeic acid 0.075 mg/mL acid look promising.
A Novel Method to Detect Bias in Short Read NGS Data
Authors: Alnasir Jamie , Shanahan Hugh P.
Published: September 2017

Detecting sources of bias in transcriptomic data is essential to determine signals of Biological significance. We outline a novel method to detect sequence specific bias in short read Next Generation Sequencing data. This is based on determining intra-exon correlations between specific motifs. This requires a mild assumption that short reads sampled from specific regions from the same exon will be correlated with each other. This has been implemented on Apache Spark and used to analyse two D. melanogaster eye-antennal disc data sets generated at the same laboratory. The wild type data set in drosophila indicates a variation due to motif GC content that is more significant than that found due to exon GC content. The software is available online and could be applied for cross-experiment transcriptome data analysis in eukaryotes.
Influence of IL-6, TNF-α and hs-CRP on Insulin Sensitivity in Patients after Laparoscopic Cholecystectomy or Open Hernia Repair
Authors: Micić Dušan , Lalić Nebojša , Djukić Vladimir , Stanković Sanja , Trajković Goran , Oluić Branislav , Polovina Snežana
Published: September 2017

The aim of this study was to investigate the influence of IL-6, TNF-α and hs-CRP on insulin sensitivity during postoperative follow-up in patients with laparoscopic cholecystectomy (LC) or open hernia repair (OHR). 65 patients were studied: after laparoscopic cholecystectomy (LC; n=40) or open hernia repair (OHR; n=25). Glucose, insulin, hs-CRP, IL-6 and TNF-a were determined at day 0 (before the operation) and at days 1, 3 and 7 (after the operation). There were no difference between LC and OHR groups concerning age, BMI, glucose, insulin, hs-CRP, IL-6 and TNF-α at day 0. hs-CRP increased at day 1, 3 and 7 vs. day 0 (p<0.0005), without difference between groups (p=0.561). IL-6 increased at day 1 and day 3 vs. day 0 (p<0.005). IL-6 was higher at day 1 in OHR group in comparison with LC group (p=0.044). There were no differences in TNF-a levels between LC and OHR groups (p=0.056). There was increase of HOMA-IR at day 1, 3 and 7 vs. day 0 (p<0.0005) in both groups. Significantly higher increase of HOMA-IR was in OHR group compared with LC group at day 1 (p=0.045). There was a positive correlation between hs-CRP and HOMA-IR (r=0.46; p=0.025) and between IL-6 and HOMA-IR at day 1 in OHR group (r=0.44; p=0.030). Significantly higher HOMA-IR was found in OHR group compared with LC. Positive correlation between hs-CRP and IL-6 with HOMA-IR in OHR group at day 1, indicate possible influence of this mediators on impairment of insulin sensitivity.
On generalized completely distributive posets
Authors: Zhang Wenfeng , Xu Xiaoquan
Published: September 2017

The notion of generalized completely distributivity is modified in order to obtain a tractable and consistent property of ordered sets.
Homoclinic and heteroclinic motions in hybrid systems with impacts
Authors: Onur Fen Mehmet , Tokmak Fen Fatma
Published: September 2017

In this paper, we present a method to generate homoclinic and heteroclinic motions in impulsive systems. We rigorously prove the presence of such motions in the case that the systems are under the influence of a discrete map that possesses homoclinic and heteroclinic orbits. Simulations that support the theoretical results are represented by means of a Duffing equation with impacts.
Some fixed point theorems in Branciari metric spaces
Authors: Berzig Maher , Karapinar Erdal , Roldán-López-de-Hierro Antonio F.
Published: September 2017

In this paper, we investigate the existence and uniqueness of a fixed point of certain contraction via auxiliary functions in the context of complete Branciari metric spaces endowed with a transitive binary relation. Our results unify and extend some existing fixed point results in the related literature.
S-essential spectra and measure of noncompactness
Authors: Belabbaci Chafika , Aissani Mouloud , Terbeche Mekki
Published: September 2017

In the present paper we give some results concerning the S-essential spectra of linear bounded operators on a Banach space using the notion of a measure of noncompactness.
Unified approach to graphs and metric spaces
Authors: Pavlík Jan
Published: September 2017

The paper provides a generalization of a metric with values in a general structure. Quantales and special kinds of ordered monoids are shown to be suitable for this purpose. Topological and categorical properties of spaces with such generalized metrics are studied and a special emphasis is given on paths in these spaces.
Application of TRIZ Methodology in Diffusion Welding System Optimization
Authors: Ravinder Reddy N. , Satyanarayana V.V. , Prashanthi M. , Suguna N.
Published: September 2017

Welding is tremendously used in metal joining processes in the manufacturing process. In recent years, diffusion welding method has significantly increased the quality of a weld. Nevertheless, diffusion welding has some extent short research and application progress. Therefore, diffusion welding has a lack of relevant information, concerned with the joining of thick and thin materials with or without interlayers, on welding design such as fixture, parameters selection and integrated design. This article intends to combine innovative methods in the application of diffusion welding design. This will help to decrease trial and error or failure risks in the welding process being guided by the theory of inventive problem solving (TRIZ) design method. This article hopes to provide welding design personnel with innovative design ideas under research and for practical application.
Information About Cost of Goods Produced and its Usefulness for Production Engineers – A Case of SME
Authors: Maruszewska Ewa Wanda , Strojek-Filus Marzena , Drábková Zita
Published: September 2017

The article stresses the consequences of simplifications implemented in the measurement process of goods produced that are of crucial importance to production engineers in SME. The authors show the variety of possibilities that might be used by financial employees together with probable outputs in terms of valuation distortions. Using the case study the authors emphasis the importance of close cooperation of production engineers with finance professionals as out-puts of finance departments consist an important input for decision-making process of production managers. Further-more, demonstrated deficiencies in terms of methods applicable in financial reporting for measurement of the value of goods produced indicate the need for incorporation more financial and non-financial data in the process of judgments about the final cost of goods produced as simplifications applied in SME distort financial information provided to production engineers.
Random laser in a fiber: combined effects of guiding and scattering lead to a reduction of the emission threshold
Authors: Hurot Charlotte , Ismail Wan Zakiah Wan , Dawes Judith M
Published: September 2017

Random fiber lasers incorporate scattering particles with optical gain in a fiber geometry and offer potential for sensing and biophotonics applications. In this work, the combined effects of waveguiding and scattering in random fiber lasers were investigated. A dye solution with nanoparticles was inffltrated into the hollow core of the microstructured optical fibers and the fibers were side pumped by a frequency-doubled Nd:YAG laser. The resulting emission threshold was reduced in comparison with the bulk solution.We used a Matlab model to gain a better understanding of the competing feedback mechanisms involved.
Theological Predication, Doctrinal Location, and Method in Analytic Theology
Authors: Peterson Ryan S.
Published: September 2017

Theological method is situated properly in relation to a range of doctrinal commitments, especially commitments located in the doctrines of God, creation, and theological anthropology. In this article, I use Thomas Aquinas’s account of theological predication to illustrate this doctrinal and methodological interconnection. Then, I describe the methodological commitments of analytic theology as they have been articulated by its advocates and argue that analytic theology should embrace an explicitly theological methodology. This requires taking seriously the proper ends of theology and the varied means used by theologians in the Christian theological tradition. I argue that analytic theologians should nurture attentiveness to theology’s chief end (the visio Dei and the corresponding goals of faithful worship and personal formation), the doctrinal order in which specific doctrinal questions find their proper context and location (beginning from and ending with the doctrine of God), and the practices that facilitate good theological judgment-making (prayer and contemplation).
Potential of seed dusts of Jatropha curcas L., Thevetia peruviana (Pers.), and Piper guineense Schumach. against the maize weevil, Sitophilus zeamais (Motschulsky, 1855) (Coleoptera: Curculionidae) in storage of corn grain
Authors: Ukpai Oninye M. , Ibediungha Briandavis N. , Ehisianya Collins N.
Published: September 2017

A laboratory evaluation was carried out to determine the efficacy and phytochemical composition of powdered seeds of Physic nut Jatropha curcas, Yellow oleander Thevetia peruviana and West African black pepper Piper guineense at different dosages (2.5, 5.0, 7.5 and 10.0 g) for the management of Sitophilus zeamais. Treatments were mixed with 50 g of maize and infested with 10 adult S. zeamais in 200 ml air-tight glass vials and kept under ambient conditions (25-30°C and 70-90 RH) for a period of 28 days in August 2015. The trial was laid out in a completely randomized design in four replicates. Results from data analyses showed that treated maize grains in storage recorded significantly (P < 0.05) higher mean mortality levels of adult S. zeamais than the untreated controls. However, there were no significant differences in mean mortality of the weevil at 7, 14, 21 and 28 DAT, except on those stored only for 1 DAT. Batches treated with higher doses (10.0, 7.5, 5.0 g) suffered a higher total mortality of adult S. zeamais; this was significantly (P < 0.05) higher compared with treatments using smaller dosages (2.5 and 0.0 g). Phytochemical analysis of treatments revealed high levels of alkaloids, tannins and phenols in all the plant extracts. The flavonoid contents were also high in Piper guineense and Permethrin, but lower in Jatropha curcas and Thevetia peruviana. These compounds are known to possess insecticidal properties that may have been responsible for the mortality of Sitophilus zeamais.
On formulaic language in subtitling and voice-over
Authors: Danilaviciene Greta , Horbacauskiene Jolita , Kasperaviciene Ramune
Published: September 2017

The translation of elements of formulaic language is extremely difficult in subtitles or voice-over due to time and space constraints. Besides, it is very difficult to provide a comprehensive definition of formulaic language as its sequences exist in so many forms. Traditionally, 6 basic formulas are distinguished: polywords, phrasal constraints, meta-messages, sentence builders, situational utterances, and verbatim texts. The analysis of subtitles and a voice-over version of a film shows that differences in the procedures applied for the translation of formulaic language are insignificant, and the strategies used are distributed almost evenly between preservation of content, transformation and localisation.
Le sfide della traduzione di Cuore in romeno (1893-1936)
Authors: Cosma Iulia
Published: September 2017

This paper is concerned with the problems and the difficulties faced when translating in Romanian Cuore (Heart): An Italian Schoolboy’s Journal by De Amicis, an extremely important book that left a mark on the cultural history of Romania for being until recently part of the Primary School Curriculum. The aim is to create awareness for the necessity of identifying evaluation criteria for the translation of literature for children. In this regard, the translational activity and its product will be discussed from an analytic and diachronic perspective, requested by the interdisciplinary approach inherent to translation criticism.
Characteristics of Polarisation in the Ramsauer–Townsend Minima in Strongly Coupled Semiclassic Plasmas
Authors: Lee Myoung-Jae , Jung Young-Dae
Published: September 2017

The influence of quantum shielding on the Ramsauer–Townsend phenomena for the total electron–atom polarisation collision cross-section is investigated in partially ionised strongly coupled semiclassic plasmas. The result shows that the quantum shielding effect changes the position of the Ramsauer energy in partially ionised strongly coupled plasmas. It is also found that the quantum shielding effect enhances the total electron–atom collision cross-section when the collision energy is greater than the Ramsauer energy; however, it suppresses the collision cross-section when the collision energy is smaller than the Ramsauer energy. In addition, it is shown that the plasma screening effect significantly changes the position of the Ramsauer energy and the influence of plasma screening on the magnitude of the collision cross-section is more significant near the Ramsauer energy domain. The variations of the Ramsauer energy and the collision cross-section due to the quantum shielding effect are also discussed.
Colletotrin: a sesquiterpene lactone from the endophytic fungus Colletotrichum gloeosporioides associated with Trichilia monadelpha
Authors: Nangmo Kemda Pamela , Akone Sergi H. , Tsamo Tontsa Armelle , Zhen Liu , Müller Werner E.G. , Proksch Peter , Nkengfack Augustin E.
Published: September 2017

A new sesquiterpene lactone, namely colletotrin (1), together with two known fungal metabolites (2, 3), was obtained from a rice culture of Colletotrichum gloeosporioides, an endophytic fungus isolated from the stem bark of Cameroonian medicinal plant Trichilia monadelpha (Meliaceae). The structure of the new compound was established on the basis of extensive NMR analysis (1H, 13C, heteronuclear single-quantum coherence and heteronuclear multiple-bond correlation) completed by high-resolution electrospray ionization mass spectroscopy results and by comparison of these data with those of related compounds described in the literature. Their cytotoxic and antibacterial activities against the mouse lymphoma L5178Y cell line and Mycobacterium tuberculosis, respectively, were also evaluated. This study is the first report on the isolation of fungal metabolites from endophytic fungi associated with T. monadelpha (Meliaceae).
N-Heterocyclic germylenes and stannylenes of the type [Fe{(η5-C5H4)NR}2E] with bulky alkyl substituents
Authors: Volk Julia , Bicho Bruno A. Correia , Bruhn Clemens , Siemeling Ulrich
Published: September 2017

The 1,1′-diaminoferrocene derivatives [Fe(η5-C5H4–NHAd)2] (Ad=2-adamantyl) and [Fe(η5-C5H4–NHtBu)2] were investigated in terms of their suitability for the synthesis of N-heterocyclic tetrylenes of the type [{Fe(η5-C5H4–NR)2}E] (E=Ge, Sn). The synthesis of these target compounds was easily achieved with R=tBu, but failed with R=Ad. In the latter case, the stannylene was not sufficiently stable for isolation and decomposed to the aminoiminoferrocene derivative [Fe(η5-C5H4–NHAd)(η5-C5H4–N=Ad′)] (Ad′=adamant-2-ylidene). Attempts to synthesise [{Fe(η5-C5H4–NAd)2}Ge] afforded intractable material, from which the unusual compound [μ2-{Fe(η5-C5H4–NAd)2}Ge2(μ3-O)(GeCl2)] was obtained by serendipity. It contains GeO, stabilised by adduct formation with GeCl2and the target germylene. [Fe(η5-C5H4–NHtBu)2], [Fe(η5-C5H4–NHAd)2], [Fe(η5-C5H4–NHAd)(η5-C5H4–N=Ad′)], [μ2-{Fe(η5-C5H4–NAd)2}Ge2(μ3-O)(GeCl2)] and [{Fe(η5-C5H4–NtBu)2}E] (E=Ge, Sn) were structurally characterised by single-crystal X-ray diffraction.
Analyzing of Wedge Splitting Test on Asphalt Pavement Using Optical Measurements
Authors: Jamaaoui A. , Pop O. , Ktari R. , Millien A. , Petit C.
Published: September 2017

This paper dealt with the characterization of opening mode fracture using Digital Image Correlation, coupled with a kinematic approach. Tests were carried out using a Wedge Splitting sample made in asphalt concrete AC12. The asphalt concrete was provided in the RILEM-SIB. The samples were a bi-layered asphalt concrete with or without a carbon fiber grid at interface. During experimentation, the sample deformation was recorded by using Digital Image Correlation. Based on the optical measurements coupled with the analytical approach, the energy release rate was performed by means the crack relative displacement and stress intensity factors. Using an adjustment procedure, based on an iterative Newton–Raphson algorithm, the crack relative displacement factor was calculated from optical measurements. the stress intensity factor was estimated from an analytical approach. Furthermore, the crack opening displacement was measured from the mark tracking method. This approach allowed the assessment of fracture parameters for the real structures to be considered.
Singing the Sacred Body
Authors: Bohlman Philip V.
Published: September 2017

With his three-chapter book, Lieder der Liebe (Songs of Love), Herder not only contributed to the long tradition of translating the biblical Song of Songs (Hebrew, Shir ha-shirim), but published critical new perspectives on the confluence of religion and literature with an aesthetic formed from embodiment and sexuality. Herder combines earlier translations, especially those in the Middle High German repertories of medieval minnesingers and from the sixteenth-century Martin Luther Bible, and weaves his own paraphrases of the songs into them, emphasizing the beauty and sensuality of the biblical poetry. The English translation in chapter 3 of Song Loves the Masses captures what Herder called “the spirit of Hebrew poesy” and the ways it engenders a modern musical aesthetic.
The Nation and Its Fragments
Authors: Bohlman Philip V.
Published: September 2017

The first use of the word and concept, Volkslied (folk song), appears in Herder’s 1773 essay on the Ossian controversy, published in an influential volume of essays containing his own reflections the German character of art and culture, which included contributions by Johann Wolfgang von Goethe, among other leading Enlightenment intellectuals. Herder’s Ossian essay gathers fragments from correspondence with an imagined reader, thus allowing him to relate many different themes from eighteenth-century debates about song and poetry, especially the possibilities of translation of ancient myth and epic into modern, national forms. The Ossian poems and songs were published as the evidence of a mythological Scottish bard, but were in fact falsified by the eighteenth-century Scottish writer, James Macpherson.
From “Briefwechsel über Ossian und die Lieder alter Völker” / “Correspondence about Ossian and the Songs of Ancient Peoples”
Authors: Herder Johann Gottfried
Published: September 2017

…a Just like you, I too am charmed by the translation of Ossian for our own people and in our own language; I am no less charmed than were it an original epic. A poet so full of sublimity, innocence, simplicity, capability, and bliss for human life must, if only in a moment of deprivation, not entirely doubt the value of great books that have an impact and touch the heart. This is so even as the poet wishes to live in a meager cabin in Scotland, where such festivities take place. … Michael Denis’s translation, moreover, reveals so much hard work and good taste, in part through the joyful force of the images, but also because of the strength of the German language, that I immediately placed it among the favorite books in my library, and I hoped that Germany might have the fortune of claiming such a bard, awakened for the Scottish by their bard. … You, however, who had previously been so obstinate in doubting the validity and authenticity of the Scottish bard, listen now to me, the defender, rather than obstinately doubting that, despite all the hard work and feeling and force and power in the German translation, our Ossian is surely no longer the true Ossian of Scotland. I do not have enough space to prove that just ...
Songs of the Enlightenment Bard
Authors: Bohlman Philip V.
Published: September 2017

Herder turned to the imaginary Scottish bard, Ossian, again at the end of his life, this time comparing him directly to Homer. In Chapter 5 Herder admits clearly that he recognizes that Ossian was the invention of James Macpherson, but he moves beyond the Ossian controversy to reflect on the nature of epic as a genre of national narrative formed from the bridge between oral and written traditions. An aesthetic of national character in folk song emerges more fully formed at the end of his life as Herder draws attention to the ways in which Scottish, Irish, and Welsh attributes are evident in the Ossian epics in ways quite unlike the attributes of the ancient Greeks in Homer.
The Shores of Modernity
Authors: Bohlman Philip V.
Published: September 2017

In a broadly historical essay Herder examines the ways in which poetry and song reflect national character. Important distinctions between the objects and subjects of poetry, especially the relation between song as object and singing as subject, provide a comparative framework throughout and become the foundations for a critical language to represent modern culture and politics (e.g., the relation between Volk and Nation). Herder carefully traces the historical development of national literary traditions, but he draws the reader to considerations of poetry and song in the contemporary world of the Enlightenment. He concludes by drawing attention to the ways in which certain genres of poetry and song extend beyond the traditions of single peoples, acquiring a greater impact as transnational.
Landscapes, Preservation, and the National Park Ideal
Authors: Watt Laura Alice , Lowenthal David
Published: September 2017

This chapter addresses the question of how our ideas of what parks are for have changed over time at the national level. It considers why it seems surprising to find farms in parks, and why certain uses of parks are considered “appropriate” or otherwise. These expectations make more sense in the context of understanding the impulse to preserve, its influence on landscapes, and the particular ways that landscape preservation developed in national parks starting in the mid-nineteenth century in places like Yosemite and Yellowstone. The National Park Service (NPS) as a government agency was created nearly fifty years after these first parks, and so it inherited many of the ideals that these iconic landscapes represented.
Acquisition and Its Alternatives
Authors: Watt Laura Alice , Lowenthal David
Published: September 2017

This chapter details the specific establishment process at Point Reyes, from its first proposal as a park in the late 1950s, through its authorization in 1962 as a national seashore intended to provide beach access and recreation opportunities to the nearby metropolitan public of the Bay Area, and up to additional legislation and funding passed in 1970. Point Reyes was one of a series of parks, mostly national seashores, lakeshores, and recreation areas, created during the 1960s and 1970s by acquiring large areas of private land. As part of this experimental period of direct purchase of property, Point Reyes began as an explicit attempt to retain some private ownership within the seashore as a “pastoral zone” where agriculture could remain. However, the establishment of the park set in place the conditions that essentially forced the sale of the pastoral zone to the federal government within ten years.
Fantasy & Fantasy (1)
Authors: Brodsky Seth
Published: September 2017

This chapter slowly teases apart a psychoanalytic notion of fantasy from the more common parlance, to illustrate not simply the differences between “fantasy and fantasy,” but also their antagonism. While common everyday fantasy is always on some level a site of freedom—or at least its image—psychoanalytic fantasy is a site of bondage and constraint, a way of being framed, often enough for a crime the fantasist cannot recall committing. In a serendipitous turn, this tension also plays out in the Western historical genre of the musical fantasy, and it becomes the chapter's emergent aim to identify an uncanny repetition of sorts between the discursive logic of musical fantasy in middle- and late-period Beethoven and that of Bernstein et al. in 1989.
Drei Phantasiestücke (3)
Authors: Brodsky Seth
Published: September 2017

In the quarter century since the collapse of East Germany, the uncountable reflections that flower the media landscape inevitably turn to music. And when they do, they waffle. There is something untimely, and uncanny, about this waffling. It is as if the tensions structuring music's role in the heady days of the late 1960s were being therapeutically replayed twenty years later: 1968 yet again as the fetish object. On the one hand, music here is the fantasmatic sound of revolution itself, of truth speaking to power, and power falling to pieces under the weight of truth's irrefutable audibility, equal parts libido and righteousness. On the other hand, it is the traumatic reminder of failure, and the disenchanting premise that this “society of the spectacle” was not so powerful after all—that the revolution, in merely appearing, failed to show up. Judging from the examples of Hasselhoff, Rostropovich, and Bernstein, this chapter argues that music seems woven perfectly into a master's discourse: a process of shoring up a sovereign, of suturing itself to an empty signifier, producing a split subject, and precipitating an excessive enjoyment in the form of an object of desire.
Freiheitsdreck (1)
Authors: Brodsky Seth
Published: September 2017

This chapter focuses on three works that can be seen as “counter-events” to Hasselhoff, Rostropovich, and Bernstein: Heiner Goebbels's Befreiung for speaker and ensemble, Paweł Szymański's solo cello piece A Kaleidoscope for M. C. E., and Luciano Berio's Rendering, his “restoration” of the sketches to Franz Schubert's Tenth Symphony. While these events in on way compare—in terms of audience, mediation, or historical power—to the mega-events of part 1, their restaging of similar materials and scenarios in “contested” and “inverted” form is done in a kind of cultural nighttime, reconfigured as dreams configure the day's waking reality, its “recent and indifferent material,” as Freud puts it. The power that these new compositions lose as representatives of the year, they make up for as representatives of a certain truth, the truth of a collective unconscious desire—again, as dreams can tell the subject something about the truth concealed by its days.
Music & New Music (1)
Authors: Brodsky Seth
Published: September 2017

This chapter attempts to expound a Lacanian discursive theory of New Music, and of aesthetic modernism more generally—a theory not just of how actors and subjects “talk” New Music, but how they more broadly “language” it, forging social links and desiring structures through the excessive materiality of music as much as the denotative operations of the signifier. What kind of subject—what “little God of the world,” as Goethe put it in Faust, part 1—is the modernist? What sort of desire founds its subjectivity on the new, literally throws itself under this mastering signifier of the not-yet? The chapter considers whether Rendering, Kaleidoscope, and Befreiung can be categorized as New Music.
Repetition (2)
Authors: Brodsky Seth
Published: September 2017

This chapter returns to Lacan's discourse theory, and offers a formalization of two moments of modernism, each of which can be understood through one of Lacan's discourse schemata: a “master's discourse,” and an “analyst's discourse.” “There is only one kind of psychoanalysis,” Lacan says in Seminar XI: “the training analysis—which means a psychoanalysis that has looped this loop [the traversal of the fundamental fantasy] to its end. The loop must be run through several times. There is in effect no other way of accounting for the term durcharbeiten [working through], of the necessity of elaboration, except to conceive how the loop must be run through more than once.”
Repetition (4)
Authors: Brodsky Seth
Published: September 2017

This chapter jumps back eighty years to the Viennese Sprachkrise, and to Schoenberg's Erwartung (1909) as an example of, and precedent for, Lacan's discourse theory. Indeed, emerging at the moment of Schoenberg's own “end of analysis,” Erwartung can be shown to have much in common with many of the inspired failures and missed encounters that structure the landscape of New Music in the Europe of 1989: its monstrous stylistic impurity; its strange hybrid of “blind technique” and asystematicity; its undoing of conventions without offering substitutes; its exposure of antagonisms that threaten the symbolic order out of which it emerges—in short, its loss, not just of the rules, but of the rules governing the rules. What lies between these two moments of “analytic modernism” is, among other things, the much longer historical transformation of Schoenbergian modernism into a master's discourse.
Introduction Greek and Latin Epistolography and Epistolary Collections in Late Antiquity
Authors: Sogno Cristiana , Storin Bradley K. , Watts Edward J.
Published: September 2017

This chapter introduces the reader to the book as a whole. The volume establishes a few basic starting points for interpreting late antique letters and letter collections. First, it rejects the letter/epistle dichotomy established by Adolf Deissmann in the early 20th century in favor of a much broader conception of the epistolary genre. Second, it insists that readers conceive of authorship, complete with generic design and self-presentational concerns, in relation to the editorial activity of compiling late antique letter collections. Third, it suggests that the engine driving the popularity of letter collections was the dramatic increase in civil and military bureaucracy beginning in the 4th century. Social competition was in full force, and letter collections offered new tools with which elites could construct novel self-presentations.
The Letter Collection of Gregory of Nyssa
Authors: Radde-Gallwitz Andrew
Published: September 2017

In his 1608 Parisian edition of Gregory of Nyssa’s letters, the great humanist Isaac Casaubon established the 30-letter corpus assumed by subsequent scholars. This canon includes two basic sets of letters from the manuscripts, some of which present the letters in different orders from that used by Casaubon, and, after him, Pasquali and Maraval. Compared to his brother Basil’s epistolary legacy, Gregory’s is meager; no doubt he wrote far more than were collected. This chapter surveys the state of surviving evidence and investigates the original form of the letter collections. This chapter follows the work of Anna Silvas, who has suggested that there are two early sub-collections of letters: (1) letters surrounding Gregory’s time in Sebasteia in 380 CE; (2) letters intended to showcase Gregory’s literary style, marked by a notable “secular” tone. Issues of authenticity and transmission will be addressed, as will those pertaining to the elasticity of the epistolary genre in Gregory’s corpus.
The Letter Collection of Ausonius
Authors: Aull Charles N.
Published: September 2017

The fourth century poet Ausonius wrote many letters in both verse and prose, but difficulties associated with the transmission of his extant works prohibit satisfactory arrangements in modern editions. Even the inclusion or exclusion of certain letters has proven to be remarkably varied. This chapter surveys the problems that have obstructed our understanding of Ausonius’ letters and posits that any modern arrangement of the letters remains tenuous. New approaches are needed. Toward that end, it will consider the organization and meaning of theoretical letter groupings that may have existed within the larger design and it will also explore the relationship of letters commonly included under the rubric of an “epistolary collection” to those commonly excluded.
The Letter Collection of Ambrose of Milan
Authors: Nauroy Gérard
Published: September 2017

Ambrose’s letter collection has been transmitted through two distinct manuscript traditions: 1) a collection of 77 letters divided into 10 books, and 2) a collection of 15 letters that survives as the “extra collection” transmitted in a few manuscripts. The original order of the letters has been modified by later anthologies and florilegia, and the first printed editions followed the first manuscript tradition, and the Maurists have divided the letters into ten books, but according to date. Ultimately, the original order cannot be discerned, and yet the self-presentation that emerges from the letter collection is one of minister, exegete, episcopal authority, and guardian of orthodoxy.
The Letter Collection of John Chrysostom
Authors: Washburn Daniel
Published: September 2017

The letters of John Chrysostom form a distinctive collection, which John may have published to compensate for the loss of his pre-exilic epistolary archives. The letters conjure images of life at the frontier of the Roman Empire and allude to the physical and emotional challenges of exile, but are not meant to document John’s daily life. In fact, the letters center on a limited set of aims and fall for the most part into one of two categories: pastoral activity and social networking. The extant collection does not merely preserve the letters John wrote in exile. Rather, a process of selection and organization took place between the letters’ composition and their coalescence into a collection.
The Letter Collection of Theodoret of Cyrrhus
Authors: Schor Adam M.
Published: September 2017

Of the 233 letters directly attributed to Theodoret and the 22 that he likely co-wrote, 61 are preserved amid various records, whereas the rest survive in two single-author texts: Sirmondiana and Patmensis. How Theodoret’s letters were first gathered remains opaque. Theodoret never mentions assembling his letters, but it is likely that his office archived the letters he received and sent. Our ignorance about Theodoret’s letter archive extends to its early transmission, and no manuscripts of his letters predate 1000 CE. It is reasonable to assume that medieval collators and collectors crafted Theodoret’s two surviving collections, which were drawn from a larger archive that may have coalesced in Constantinople. These manuscripts supplied rhetorical models to medieval epistolographers, but they also constructed Theodoret as a sympathetic figure worthy of memory.
The Letter Collection of Isidore of Pelusium
Authors: Larsen Lillian I.
Published: September 2017

With an attributed corpus of two thousand letters the collection of Isidore of Pelusium is the largest surviving epistolary collection from late antiquity, and yet Isidore plays a relatively limited role in popular recountings of the history of Late Antiquity in general and the emergence of Egyptian “desert monasticism” in particular. Isidore may have had a hand in preserving his letters, but the earliest letter collections were probably compiled by Isidore’s disciples, perhaps as a memorial to his ascetic authority. These first collections are roughly dated to the period immediately following Isidore death and were presumably organized and assembled at the monastery where Isidore resided. There is general agreement that a corpus of two thousand letters served as archetype for the principal Greek manuscripts that circulated in the West, and the published editions of Isidore’s letters appear to derive from the earliest of these manuscripts. Here again, however, the trajectory of transmission, albeit well documented, is less than linear.
The Letter Collection of Sidonius Apollinaris
Authors: Mratschek Sigrid
Published: September 2017

Sidonius is a highly allusive author. The design for his collection of 147 letters explicitly recalls the earlier models of Pliny the Younger and Symmachus, yet Sidonius’s letters are more creative than has been recognized. His letters are less concerned with retelling events than with recalling thematic motifs of the inspiring reign of the emperor Trajan. His evocation of literary role models prompts his audience to engage in discourse with past voices that are made relevant in the present. However, the collection’s fundamental ordering principle is not chronological but aesthetic. It shows the writer using prose letters to present himself in the competing roles of lyric poet and dignified bishop. Literary-epistolographical analysis of Sidonius’ art and coded communication then provide the key to understanding both the collection of letters and the construction of Sidonius’s ‘self’ within them.
The Letter Collection of Barsanuphius and John
Authors: Hevelone-Harper Jennifer L.
Published: September 2017

The voluminous letter collection of Barsanuphius and John of Gaza contains 850 letters written by the two sixth-century anchorites who lived in cells near the monastery of Abbot Seridos in Tawatha a village a few miles southwest of Gaza. Barsanuphius and John, referred to as the Old Men of Gaza, were ascetic colleagues who wrote letters of spiritual direction to a wide group of disciples. The earliest manuscripts containing this correspondence date to the eleventh century; however, the collection was originally compiled by a member of Barsanuphius and John’s own monastic community (perhaps Dorotheos of Gaza) shortly after the death of John and the complete seclusion of Barsanuphius. The monk who compiled the collection followed a traditional practice among ancient editors, grouping the letters according to addressees, rather than chronologically. The collection begins with letters to individually named monks and continues with letters addressed to unidentified monks or the brothers of community collectively. The collection contains a series of letters to Aelianos, a layman newly elected as abbot of the monastery, and a large group of letters to lay Christians who sought spiritual guidance from the anchorites. The collection concludes with letters concerning episcopal elections in Gaza and Jerusalem and correspondence to civic officials and bishops in the region.
The Letter Collection of Cassiodorus
Authors: Bjornlie Shane
Published: September 2017

This chapter provides an examination of the Variae of Cassiodorus in three main parts. First, the chapter outlines the historical context of the letter collection, noting the social and political circumstances of Cassiodorus' public career that may have influenced the production of the collection, with particular attention to what Cassiodorus' prefatory statements reveal about the aims of the collection. The chapter then develops a profile of the collection's relationship to other related 'genres' of writing-particularly epistolography, legal writing and a tradition for encyclopedic writing. The third section explores in more detail the content of the letters, weighing the administrative functionality of the letters against their literary content. The conclusion suggests directions for further study, including the manuscript tradition and the codicological context of the various recensions of the Variae.
Undereducated and Overcriminalized in New Orleans
Authors: Simmons Lizbet
Published: September 2017

This chapter looks closely at New Orleans to show how punitive school disciplinary measures endorse the War on Crime, compounding the academic problems of African American students within the city's historically dysfunctional school system. It draws a picture of the dismal educational and disciplinary conditions in the public schools of New Orleans across two generations of African American men and shows their role in extending correctional vulnerability. The educational experiences of these men help explain how Louisiana gained the highest incarceration rate in the world. In Louisiana and nationally, the correctional system is filled with individuals who have dropped out of school. In 1997, almost 75 percent of state inmates lacked a high school diploma. Extreme school disciplinary policies have added to that group students who have been pushed out of school.
The Prison School
Authors: Simmons Lizbet
Published: September 2017

This chapter investigates the New Orleans Prison School—a public school in a prison—where African American male students were sent as punishment for nonviolent status offenses. Through the voices of local residents, including students and their families, teachers, local activists, and law enforcement officials, it explains what the push-pull factors of punitive schooling mean for their lives and their community. The chapter situates this examination in the historical context of urban school failure, youth criminalization, and mass correctionalization from the post-civil rights era of New Orleans forward. The work is theoretically framed by scholarship in the sociology of punishment, which articulates mass incarceration as a disappearing act playing out on the stage of the postindustrial and neoliberal state. The chapter ends by returning to New Orleans in the aftermath of Hurricane Katrina. While the city's schools were physically demolished by the tremendous floodwaters, the punitive ideologies of the city's criminal justice system remained intact. These ideologies resurged and were made manifest as the school system was rebuilt.