bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Reading Homer and the Nguni novel
Authors: Ntabeni Mphuthumi
Published: January 2023

In this essay I explore how my reading of Homer has shaped my novels, The Broken River Tent (2018) and The Wanderers (2021). I reflect on the making of Nguni literature in relation to oral histories and stories. Engaging debates about language and colonialism, in conversation with writers such as James Joyce and Ngugi wa Thiong’o, I argue that it is possible for someone with a good grasp of isiXhosa as a living language and culture to transfer it through other languages. This essay offers a passionate argument for a reading of the classics for wonderfully strange affinities.
Review
Authors: Boccaccio Mara
Published: January 2023

No abstract
Comparison of common adverse neonatal outcomes among preterm and term infants at the National Referral Hospital in Tanzania: a case-control study
Authors: Rugumisa Bernadether T , Sangeda Raphael Z , Bongcam-Rudloff Erik , Massawe Siriel N , Lyantagaye Sylvester L
Published: January 2023

Background: Neonatal period is a critical period in a child’s heath because it is associated with higher risk of adverse health outcomes. The objective of this study was to assess common adverse health outcomes and compare the risk of such outcomes between preterm and term neonates, in Tanzania.

Methods: This was a case-control study involving infants admitted at Muhimbili National Hospital between August and October 2020. About 222 pairs of preterm and term infants were followed until discharge. Logistic regression was used to compare risk of health outcomes. Statistical significance was achieved at p–value < 0.05 and 95% confidence interval.

Result: Preterm neonates had increased risk of mortality (OR = 7.2, 95% CI: 3.4-15.1), apnea (OR = 4.7, 95% CI: 3.4 – 15.1), respiratory distress syndrome (OR = 10.9, 95% CI: 6.1 – 19.6), necrotizing enterocolitis (OR = 5.5, 95% CI: 1.2 – 25.3), anemia (OR = 4.3, 95% CI: 2.8 – 6.6), pneumonia (OR = 2.7, 95% CI: 1.6 – 4.6) and sepsis (OR = 2.6, 95% CI: 1.7 – 3.9). No difference in risk of intraventricular hemorrhage, patent ductus arteriosus and jaundice was observed.

Conclusion: For promoting neonates' health, prevention and treatment of the higher risk adverse neonatal outcomes should be prioritized.
Results of the performance of automated GeneXpert in childhood tuberculosis in Addis Ababa, Ethiopia: a retrospective cross-sectional study
Authors: Genetu Yiheyis , Belay Bethelhem , Abebe Workeabeba
Published: January 2023

Background: Approximately 81% of all childhood tuberculosis cases occur among 22 high-burden countries and Ethiopia ranks eighth among these high burden countries. The GeneXpert Mycobacterium tuberculosis DNA and resistance to rifampicin (MTB/RIF) test can detect pediatric tuberculosis and its multidrug-resistant form with very high sensitivity and specificity, but limited data exists on its use in our country. We aimed to evaluate the effectiveness of the GeneXpert assay in comparison to children with a clinical diagnosis of Tuberculosis.

Methods: A descriptive retrospective study on 144 TB-diagnosed children younger than 15 years was conducted at Tikur-Anbessa specialized hospital and Yekatit 12-referral hospital, pediatrics departments, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia. The performance of the GeneXpert test was evaluated by re-vising the charts of patients who have begun anti-tuberculosis treatment. We extracted information from the chart review of 144 eligible children who were diagnosed with tuberculosis and began anti-TB treatment from February 2014 to July 2016.

Result: In the study, 144 patients with clinical diagnosis of tuberculosis were included, and 23% of them also had concurrent HIV infection. Equal numbers of male and female were present; 48.6% were from Addis Ababa. Thirty-four patients (23.6%) were missing their childhood vaccinations. The GeneXpert assay detected disease in only 24 (16.7%) of clinically diagnosed pediatric tuberculosis patients.

Conclusion: Although the GeneXpert assay is helpful in the diagnosis of pediatric tuberculosis, most patients were still receiving treatment even after a negative GeneXpert test, necessitating the need for a more sensitive test.
Pattern, outcome, and associated factors of renal disease among hospitalized children at public hospitals in Bahir Dar Town, North-Western Ethiopia
Authors: Simeneh Yenework Tafere , Yimer Yalemwork Anteneh , Yadita Zemenu Shiferaw
Published: January 2023

Background: Renal diseases are major causes of morbidity and mortality in hospitalized pediatric patients. Data on the spectrum of renal disorders and their outcomes are scarce in Ethiopia, in the Amhara region particularly. Hence, this study aimed to assess the pattern, outcome, and associated factors of renal disease among hospitalized pediatric renal patients in the Amhara region, North-west Ethiopia, 2020.

Methods: Institution-based review of medical records of renal disease subjects was conducted from September 1-15, 2020. All (107) pediatric patients who were diagnosed and hospitalized with renal disease from January 1/2019 to August 30/2020 were studied. A checklist was used to review medical records. Analysis was done using the SPSS version 23. Descriptive and summary statistics were carried out. Chi-squared test was used to assess the association between dependent and independent variables.

Result: Glomerulonephritis was the common cause of renal admissions (59.8%) and 40% of them had renal failure. Multi-organ failure and sepsis were causes of death for 12.1% of patients. Acute kidney injury (X2=4.484, p <0.05), chronic kidney disease (X2=6.617, p< 0.05), multi-organ failure (X2=48.57, p< 0.05), Sepsis (X2=45.29, p< 0.05), hospital stay >2 weeks (X2=23.2, p<0.05), electrolyte abnormalities (X2=17.87, p<0.05), and seizure (X2=45.15, p<0.05) had statistical as-sociations with poor outcome of renal disease.

Conclusion: Glomerulonephritis was the common cause of renal admissions. Sepsis and multi-organ failure were common causes of death. The complications, hospital stay >2 weeks, electrolyte abnormality, and seizure had an association with the outcome of renal disease. Hence, this study suggests that early diagnosis and management of renal failures and complications, and shortening hospital stay enhance the outcome of renal disease.
Assessment of knowledge and practice of gynecology/obstetrics residents and midwives towards essential newborn care At Tikur Anbessa Specialized Hospital, Addis Ababa University, Ethiopia
Authors: Debie Degu , Belay Bethlehem , Tesfaye Melat
Published: January 2023

Background: A time-bound and chronologically ordered series of medical interventions that a baby receives at birth are referred to as the "essential newborn protocol." This period of immediate care is critical for the babies' subsequent well-being and adaptation. However, there are still reports of health workers lacking good knowledge and practice with newborn care, which was not investigated in our hospital.

Methods: A hospital-based cross-sectional study was conducted in TASH with 114 selected gynecology and obstetrics residents and midwives. Using the SPSS version 25 software package, continuous data were described using the mean and standard deviation, while categorical data were de-scribed using frequency and percentage. To identify factors related to knowledge and practice, multivariable binary logistic regression analyses were used.

Result: Eighty-eight residents and 26 midwives were included. Nearly a quarter (24.6%) of participants had good knowledge about essential newborn care. Regarding knowledge level by profession, 31.8% of the residents had good knowledge of essential newborn care, and all the midwives had poor knowledge. The odds of having good knowledge of ENC were 96.3% lower for first-year residents and 90.5% lower for second-year residents as compared to year four. Untrained participants had an 84 percent lower chance of having good knowledge of essential newborn care than trained participants. Regarding practice level by profession, more than two-thirds of 68 (77.3%) residents and 21 (80.8%) midwives had sufficient skill in essential newborn care.

Conclusion: A substantial number of healthcare providers lacked essential newborn care knowledge and practice. The availability of service or on-the-job training, as well as the year of residency, were factors influencing newborn care knowledge. In-service training, encouraging supervision, and provisions should be reinforced to improve newborn care activities.
A critical analysis into the National Children’s Policy of Ethiopia vis-à-vis the situation of vulnerable children
Authors: Zewude Bewunetu , Siraw Getahun
Published: January 2023

The problems of children living in difficult circumstances, including street children, can be better addressed when treated under a policy framework with carefully stipulated strategies. Although a separate policy of street children is lacking, Ethiopia has tried to mainstream the issues of vulnerable children under the two relevant policies of National Children’s Policy and National Social Protection Policy. Whereas the issue of vulnerable children has been slightly discussed under the umbrella of people in need of social protection, detailed discussion along with clearly stipulated implementation strategies for children in difficult circumstances has been issued in the National Children’s Policy of Ethiopia. A critical analysis of the policy has been made in this paper with special focus on policy issues of children in difficult circumstances and implementation strategies designed to improve their situation. The analysis was undertaken using normative policy analysis approach by focusing on the substantive contents of the policy with value neutrality. The paper involves a brief overview of the contents of the policy, and critical examination of the policy from the vantage points of its underlying assumptions, cost-effectiveness, equity, feasibility, acceptability from the public, stakeholders’ participation, and consideration of the situation of children living in diverse contexts. In addition, it includes criticism of the policy and its implementation strategies. Ultimately, the paper ends with suggesting substantive recommendations that would assist the policy to better achieve its objectives and become compatible with changing scenarios at local, national, and global levels.
Bacteriological evaluation of instant noodles stored under sub-optimal conditions from selected markets in Sagamu- Ibafo axis of Ogun State, Nigeria
Authors: Okunye Olufemi Lionel , Idowu Philip Adegboyega , Okanlawon Babatunde Meshach , Lawal Temitope Olufunmilayo , Adejumo Olufunmilayo Ebunoluwa , Adeyemo Olumuyiwa Moses , Oyinloye Oladapo Elijah , Ojieabu Winifred Aitalegbe
Published: January 2023

This study evaluated 8 brands of 5 packets each of instant noodles for bacterial load, clinical status, and resistance of the isolates to conventional antibiotics, in addition to pH. These brands were cultured on plate count agar for bacterial enumeration while isolates were challenged on selective media for bacteria of clinical status. The antibiogram was determined using standard methods. The pH varied from acidic (4.92) as shown in GPJ 3 to closely neutral (6.94) as recorded in HWJ 2. TTJ1 had the lowest average bacteria count of 1.6 x 103 while BFJ5 with 6.3 x 105 counts was the highest. Prevalence of isolates of Escherichia coli, Staphylococcus aureus, and Pseudomonas aeruginosa varied in the ratio 40:30:30. Of the 40 samples, 8 of the 16 Escherichia coli were resistant to gentamicin, ciprofloxacin, and Augmentin, 7 of the 12 Staphylococcus aureus elicited resistance to ampicillin and cotrimoxazole while 8 of the Pseudomonas aeruginosa were resistant to meropenem, cotrimoxazole, Augmentin, and cephalexin. Presence of bacteria of clinical status, in counts that exceeded recommended safe limits for ready-to-eat noodles and higher numbers of resistant isolates to the antibiotics appropriated, could be attributed to product storage under sub-optimal conditions which portend a public health risk.
Quality evaluation of Oral Rehydration Salt (ORS) products marketed in Abuja, Nigeria
Authors: Ibekwe Nneka N. , Obodozie-Ofoegbu Obiageri , Adigwe Obi P.
Published: January 2023

Medicine security remains one of the public health challenges in Sub-Saharan Africa as the report by World Health Organization (WHO) shows that 10.5% of medicines in low and middle-income countries worldwide are falsified or substandard. The study aimed to evaluate the quality of Oral Rehydration Salt (ORS) products sold in pharmacy outlets in Abuja, Nigeria. Seventeen different commercial brands of WHO recommended low-osmolarity ORS finished pharmaceutical products (FPP) were randomly selected from pharmacy outlets in the Federal Capital Territory (FCT) and Gwagwalada Area Council in Abuja. They were assessed for quality based on physicochemical properties and the content of active pharmaceutical ingredients in accordance with the International Pharmacopeia (IP) guidelines. The shelf lives of all the samples were valid, and they all met the visual inspection test, labelling, pH (7.4‒8.0 between23.3‒23.9°C) and moisture content (1‒9 mg/g) requirements. The content assay revealed 88.2%, 88.2%, 64.7%, 47.1%, and 35.3% compliance of the samples for glucose, chloride, citrate, sodium and potassium, respectively. Twelve (76.5%) of the brands failed at least one content assay and 8 (47%) had zero potassium content. The study underscores the need for regular, periodic post-market surveillance on essential medicines sold in the Nigerian market.
Phytochemical screening, acute toxicity and anti-ulcer activity of the stem bark of Anogeissus leiocarpus (DC.) Guill. & Perr. (Combretaceae)
Authors: Datok Tongret , Dafam Dalen Gwatau , Ahmed Abubakar , Ior Lydia
Published: January 2023

Peptic ulcer disease constitutes a major health challenge resulting in morbidity and in some cases, mortality. This study evaluated the phytochemistry, acute toxicity, and anti-ulcer activity of the methanol extracts of the stem bark of Anogeissus leiocarpus (DC.) Guill. & Perr. Flavonoids, tannins and saponins are some phytochemicals found in the extracts. From the results, the LD50 of the aqueous and methanol extract was >5000 mg/kg and 3807 mg/kg. The mean ulcer indices for the aqueous extract was 0.38 ± 0.07, 0.38 ± 0.10 and 0.36 ± 0.07 respectively for the 100, 200 and 400 mg/kg), while those of the methanol extract were 0.32 ± 0.09, 0.10 ± 0.03 and 0.12 ± 0.10 respectively for 100, 200 and 400 mg/kg). These values were not significant at P>0.05 when compared with control. However, the percentage ulcer inhibition for methanol extract in group treated with 200 and 400 mg/kg, were both significantly (p<0.05) higher compared with 58.8% from omeprazole (20 mg/kg) treated group. These findings showed that the methanol extract at 200 mg/kg and 400 mg/kg. significantly (p<0.05) increased the anti-ulcer activity, suggesting that A. leiocarpus possesses anti-ulcer property which could be useful in the treatment of peptic ulcer disease.
Antiproliferative, antioxidant and antiplasmodial activities of the root bark of Adenodolichos paniculatus (Hua) Hutch (Fabaceae)
Authors: Ojerinde Olalekan S. , Du Yongle , Kingston David G.I. , Valenciano Ana L. , Cassera Maria B. , Sagay Atiene S. , Alemika Taiwo E.
Published: January 2023

Adenodolichos paniculatus Hua & Hutch (Fabaceae) is a plant whose roots are traditionally employed for the treatment of non-communicable diseases such as diabetes and cancer. The powdered root bark of Adenodolichos paniculatus were extracted with dichloromethane followed by 70% methanol to afford dichloromethane (DCM) and hydromethanolic (HME) extracts respectively. Thereafter, fresh powdered root was extracted with water via decoction method and lyophilized to afford aqueous extract (AQE). The extracts were then subjected to standard phytochemical studies, antiproliferative (A2780 ovarian cancer cell assay), antiplasmodial (Dd2 strain of Plasmodium falciparum), antioxidant (DPPH, FRAP and ABTS methods) and brine shrimp lethality assay studies. The DCM extract was found to possess high levels of total phenolics and flavonoids with notable potential antiproliferative (IC50 = 0.14 μg/ml), antiplasmodial (IC50 = 7.50 μg/ml) and cytotoxic (brine shrimp, IC50 = 0.547 μg/ml) activities. However, HME had significant antioxidant (DPPH, IC50 = 17.54 ± 0.03 μg/ml; ABTS, IC50 = 8.08 ± 0.05 μg/ml). Both HME and AQE were found to be inactive against the drug-resistant Dd2 strain of Plasmodium falciparum with an IC50 value ˃100μg/mL. The study revealed the potential of Adenodolichos paniculatus as a promising antiproliferative agent and also corroborated the ethnomedical uses of the plant.
A history and forecast of the South African life tables No. E1 to No. E9
Authors: Whittaker GA
Published: January 2023

During the 20th century, government statistical departments in South Africa produced nine complete life tables for the white population group, seven complete life tables for the coloured population group, six complete life tables for the Asian population group and no complete life tables for the African population group. As of 2020, the South African Life Tables 1979/1981 for the white population group are still used in capitalising pensions in terms of the Compensation for Occupational Injuries and Diseases Act No. 130 of 1993. Similarly, the South African Life Tables 1984/1986 for the white population group are still used extensively in damages calculations by South African actuaries. This paper provides a historical record of the nine complete life tables for the white population group and provides a forecast of those tables to 2020. The aim of the forecast is to provide an estimate for current white population mortality rates which could then serve as a non-racial mortality basis for damages claims. It also aims to complement the work of demographers in their development of new population tables based on more sophisticated demographic techniques.
Suitability of the 2.5% net discount rate for quantum of damage calculations in South Africa
Authors: Koning FF , Swanepoel JP , Brits JD , Maré E
Published: January 2023

This study is on the 2.5% real discount rate used to calculate the lump sum payment in the event of a compensation claim. The aptness of this 2.5% real discount rate is assessed through a statistical analysis of government bonds and inflation data over the past 59 years. The investigation yields evidence that the discount rate over the last 59 years may be mean reverting and would be a good approximation to use in the future. Also, an interesting relationship was found between the introduction of inflation targeting in the year 2000 and the stationarity of the series. It must be considered that the timing and duration of variation from the 2.5% cannot be predicted, but reversion to the series mean seems to always occur. The practice of using the 2.5% in the South African context is also compared to other practices globally. Finally, circumstances for the departure from the 2.5% discount rate are investigated, with some suggestions.
‘Where angels fear to tread’—Reflections on the role of an actuary as expert witness in the Land Claims Court
Authors: Lowther MW
Published: January 2023

In this paper, the author reflects on his experiences of giving expert actuarial witness in the Land Claims Court regarding the calculation of financial compensation as an alternative to the restoration of dispossessed land. As no specific formula for compensation has been legislated in South Africa’s land reform programme, relevant case histories are examined in which the common law has been developed. The technical, ethical and professional inputs which an actuary can provide are reviewed. The author concludes that actuaries are well suited to assist the Land Claims Court to resolve the potentially large number of claims, and that this will be in the public interest.
An economic scenario generator for embedded derivatives in South Africa
Authors: Levendis Alexis , Maré Eben
Published: January 2023

It is well known that interest rate risk is a dominating factor when pricing long-dated contingent claims. The Heston stochastic volatility model fails to capture this risk as the model assumes a constant interest rate throughout the life of the claim. To overcome this, the risk-free interest rate can be modelled by a Hull-White short rate process and can be combined with the Heston stochastic volatility model to form the so-called Heston-Hull-White model. The Heston-Hull-White model allows for correlation between the equity and interest rate processes, a component that is important when pricing long-dated contingent claims. In this paper, we apply the Heston-Hull-White model to price Guaranteed Minimum Maturity Benefits (GMMBs) and Guaranteed Minimum Death Benefits (GMDBs) offered in the life insurance industry in South Africa. We propose a further extension by including stochastic mortality rates based on either a continuous-time Cox-Ingersoll-Ross short rate process or a discrete-time AR(1)-ARCH(1) model. Our findings suggest that stochastic interest rates are the dominating factor when reserving for GMMB and GMDB products. Furthermore, a delta-hedging strategy can help reduce the variability of embedded derivative liabilities.
Household food insecurity and food safety knowledge, attitude, and practice of mothers with outpatient under-five children at Cure Hospital, Addis Ababa
Authors: Disassa Hiwot , Ashenafi Mogessie
Published: January 2023

Foodborne illnesses result in life-threatening conditions among vulnerable members of households. Proper knowledge, attitude and practices in food safety issues are important to curb the damage caused by these illnesses at household level. This study examined the food insecurity experiences and food safety knowledge, attitude, and practice (kap) of mothers having outpatient children in Cure Hospital, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia.  A sample size of 210 randomly selected mothers was considered for this study. A cross-sectional study was carried out using semi-structured questionnaire to collect data on food insecurity experiences and food safety knowledge, attitude and practice of respondents. Data was analyzed using descriptive statistics. Most respondents were married (68%), had primary or secondary level education (62%), had one or two under-five children (71%), and 52% had monthly income between etb 500 and 2500. Between 70% and 80% of the respondents experienced anxiety or uncertainty of not having enough food for household members or reduced quality or quantity of food they ate in the previous thirty days. Around 58% experienced hunger during the same period. The knowledge of mothers in food safety (food handling, personal hygiene and water sanitation) was generally poor (<60%). The level of positive attitudes of mothers towards food safety was also poor (<60%). Appropriate practices, particularly in food handling and personal hygiene were also very poor. As foodborne illnesses can be fatal to vulnerable members of a household, a thorough training to mothers in food safety issues is recommended.
Serological and molecular characterization of Cryptosporidium species from humans in Sokoto State, Nigeria
Authors: Saulawa MA , Magaji AA , Musawa AI , Ibrahim K , Saulawa HA , Ahmad ZM , Mohammed M
Published: January 2023

Cryptosporidium species are one of the most common causes of gastrointestinal infection in humans around the world. This study aimed at the characterization of Cryptosporidium species in humans using the 18S rRNA gene. Among the 368 human faecal samples screened using Cryptosporidium antigen Copro-ELISA kit, 61 (16.6%) were positive. The positive faecal samples were subjected to Nested PCR for the amplification of 830 bp fragments of small subunit (SSU) rRNA gene and followed by nucleotide sequencing. Out of the 61 copro-ELISA positive samples, 5 (8.2%) were PCR positive for Cryptosporidium species (3 (4.9%) of C. parvum and 2 (3.3%) of C. hominis). Two HIV patients were found to be harbouring C. parvum and C. hominis, so also as hypertensive and diarrheic patients harbouring C. parvum and C. hominis, respectively. Higher prevalence rates of Cryptosporidium was found in young children (11.1%), males (8.7%), loose faeces (42.9%) than older age groups (8.7%), females (7.9%) and well-formed (3.1%) or mucoid/pasty faeces (0%) based on the data gathered from the close-ended questionnaire also used on each human subject. This study was the first to report C. parvum and C. hominis infecting humans in Sokoto state, Northwestern Nigeria. It is suggested that a multi-locus study of Cryptosporidium species in developing countries would be necessary to determine the extent of transmission of Cryptosporidium in the populations.
Ectoparasitic fauna of poultry species in Maiduguri, Borno State, Nigeria
Authors: Luka J , , Peter AM , Zango MK , Musa J , Malgwi EA , Pindar HM , Alfred CM , Medugu YD
Published: January 2023

Ectoparasitic fauna of 397 conveniently sampled domestic birds consisting of 213 chickens, 128 turkeys, 21 ducks, 19 guinea fowls, 8 pigeons and 8 geese were investigated in Maiduguri, Borno State. A total of one hundred and fifty-two 152 (38.29%) birds were infested with one ectoparasitic species or the other comprising of 115 (54.00%) chickens, 33 (25.78%) turkeys, 1 (5.26%) guinea fowl and 3 (37.50%) pigeons. No infestation was encountered among geese and ducks examined. The infestation rate differed significantly based on sex and age (p<0.05), but not the management system. Similarly, the occurrence varied significantly (p<0.05) based on locations of sampling (p<0.00001) and species of poultry examined (p<0.000049). Furthermore, 116 (29.21%) of the total birds examined had a single infestation with either louse, tick or mite species, while 36(9.06%) birds had mixed infestation with species from two or more of these ectoparasitic groups. Among the parasites encountered, lice present on 146 (36.77%) birds were the most prevalent, followed by mites 28(7.05%) and ticks 15(3.78%). Nine different species of ectoparasites belonging to the orders Mallophaga and Acarina were identified in the study. Menopon gallinae, Lipeurus caponis, Menacanthus stramineus, Goniodes gigas, Goniocotes gallinae and Columbicola columbae were the lice identified, while Cnemidocoptes mutans and Ornithonyssus bursa were the only species of mite identified. The poultry tick, Argas persicus was the only tick species found. Conclusively, the study revealed a high but variable burden of ectoparasitic infestation among poultry species examined, and that ectoparasites are common in minor poultry species as they do occur in chickens under different management systems in the study area. The need to investigate the diverse effects of ectoparasitism on the different poultry species is suggested here.
Influence of body weight and serum electrolyte status on sheep electrocardiography
Authors: Abdulazeez N , Ja'afaru AI , Suleiman N , Bamaiyi AJ
Published: January 2023

Considering the importance of sheep, economically and in research, it is necessary to explain what normal sheep electrocardiogram values are, and the factors that can cause variations in ECG parameters. The present study, therefore, sought to verify the differences that exist in ECG time scaling between different sub-groupings of sheep. To achieve this, 60 normal sheep were evaluated for the ECG. We reported that at normal ranges of electrolytes and ECG intervals/durations, with mean weights: Ouda = 41.6 ± 7.2 kg (27.8 – 54.0 kg), Balami = 33.2 ± 6.4 kg (22.2 – 43.5 kg); the ewes showed significantly long timing of ECG waves than the rams (P <0.001), the lambs lower than the adult sheep (P <0.001), the Ouda beyond the Balami breed (P <0.001) and the semi-intensive sheep more than the intensively managed (P <0.001). However, when the sub-groups were evaluated for the variations in the PR interval and QTc, with every increase in a unit of the weight, calcium or potassium ions, no discernable difference was noticed between the two sexes. In this, the lambs showed a better slope of these relationships compared to the adult sheep (PR interval: β- coefficient = 0.0010 – 0.0086 v -0.0001- 0.0005 and QTc: 0.0006 – 0.0215 v -0.0001 – 0.0143). The Ouda correlated better than the Balami breed, (PR interval: β- coefficient =0.0062 – 0.2527 v -0.0007 – 0.0033 and QTc: 0.0008 – 0.0264 v 0.0001 – 0.0064). And the semi-intensively managed sheep had an enhanced relationship than sheep managed intensively (PR interval: β- coefficient =0.0002 – 0.0123 v 0.0001 – 0,0071 and QTc: 0.0006 – 0.0197 v 0.0001 – 0.0108). We, therefore, conclude from this result, that within the normal serum electrolytes range, both body weight and habitual physical activity may influence atrial and ventricular depolarization and repolarization timing, with the physical activity level playing an overall dominant role.
COP27 climate change conference: Urgent action needed for Africa and the world
Authors: Atwoli L , Erhabor GE , , Gbakima AA , Haileamlak A , Ntumba JMK , Kigera J , Laybourn-Langton L , Mash B , Muhia J , Mulaudzi FM , Ofori-Adjei D , Okonofua F , Rashidian A , El-Adawy M , Sidibé S , Snouber A , Tumwine J , Yassien MS , Yonga P , Zakhama L , Zielinski C
Published: January 2023

No Abstract
Bacterial assessment of smoke-dried fishes sold at three landing market sites in Anambra State, Nigeria
Authors: Edeh I. C. , Nsofor C. I. , Ikechukwu C. C. , Olisa C. S. , Afoemezie P. I. , Chidubem-Nwachinemere N. O.
Published: January 2023

The study focused on the bacteriological profile of four different smoke-dried fishes Clarias gariepinus (CG), Oreochromis niloticus (ON), Malapterurus electricus (ME), and Citharinus citharus (CC) sold at three landing market sites (Otuocha, Ose, and Ogbakuba) in Anambra State, Nigeria. Bacteria isolates from fish samples were examined and identified using microscopic, morphological, and biochemical characteristics. The results revealed the presence of Escherichia coli, Enterococcus faecalis, Staphylococcus aureus, Salmonella enterica and Shigella flexneri in all the fish samples from the three markets. The highest number of bacteria (1471 cfu/g), was found at the Ose fish landing market followed by Ogbakuba (1353 cfu/g), while the lowest number was found in Otuocha (957 cfu/g). Some of the isolated bacteria, Staphylococcus aureus and Salmonella sp are known to cause food borne diseases and are of public health concern. Therefore, regular disinfection and cleaning as well as regular inspection by health officers are advocated to improve the hygiene of the markets. However, it is recommended that consumers should cautiously subject the fish to additional processing such as adequate cooking in order to eliminate these bacteria and to avoid food poisoning.
Applying Project-Based-Learning to improve English speaking skills of remote learners at tertiary education
Authors: Tuyen Nguyen Chau Bich , Nga Nguyen Thuy , Mai Nguyen Thi Xuan
Published: January 2023

English speaking skills are important in global communication and interaction. To speak English effectively at an acceptable level for a non-native speaker, various sub-skills are considered such as lexical resources, grammatical structures, pronunciation, rhythm, intonation, and the like. Nevertheless, a vast number of remote learners at Ho Chi Minh City Open University (HCMCOU) seemed to struggle in representing their thoughts and speaking sub-skills. Thus, this study aims to explore the challenges encountered by remote learners, the effectiveness of Project-Based Learning (PBL) applied in teaching speaking skills online, and learners’ attitudes towards the applied project. To do this, a mixed research method was employed. Twenty-two remote learners participated in responding to the survey questionnaire, and five of them were randomly selected for interview in depth. The finding shows that the most of remote learners had problems of speaking sub-skills, inadequate environments for speaking practice, communication, and interaction. Also, PBL is found as a unique method that enables learners to solve their existing problems, and improve their speaking skills, and all remote learners expressed their positive attitudes of towards PBL applied in their learning process.
Community engagement as a learning modality for an enhanced instruction
Authors: Mori Gemar
Published: January 2023

The study aims to assist learners in meeting the challenge of relevant and meaningful learning outside the traditional classroom setting. Considering the complexity of their learning demands and the intricacies of community lives, the need for Community Engagement (CE) has become increasingly urgent. Additionally, there is no study on CE among senior high school learners initiated yet within the country. It prompted the researcher to investigate the effects of CE as a learning platform on the knowledge, skill, and attitude of learners. Descriptive survey research, using a validated self-made questionnaire was utilized in public and private schools in Maasin City, Southern Leyte, Philippines. After administering the questionnaire to the respondents, central tendency measures were used for statistical data analysis. It was found that learners acquired knowledge, skill, and attitude after their CE. A few statements for each aspect highlighted the needed enhancements to improve CE as a learning modality for learners. Several recommendations for further research on CE were provided. Ultimately, this will lead to development a more contextualized and holistic learning strategy using CE.
Exploring the connection between teacher questioning and student learning behavior from a discourse perspective - A case study
Authors: Dung Do Thi Xuan , Trang Tran Thi Thuy
Published: January 2023

Teacher questioning is common interaction in classrooms, which seems to be an effective tool to stimulate and enhance teaching and learning. This paper aims to investigate English teachers’ questioning strategies in connection with student learning behavior from a discourse perspective at the University of Foreign Languages, Hue University, Vietnam, within a case study of a Reading class at the English Department. One teacher and 30 students voluntarily participated in the study. Data were collected via audio recordings and classroom observation of 06 teaching hours for Reading classes. Critical Discourse Analysis Theory and Constructivist Learning theories were applied as the analysis and explanation frameworks. Results revealed that teachers employed various discourse strategies for questioning to enhance students learning behavior such as eliciting responses, checking comprehension, and soliciting agreement question functions; which helped arouse students’ interest in the upcoming reading texts, prepare them for vocabulary learning and background knowledge forming, and guide them through the process of reading comprehension skill practice. The paper also addressed implications and suggestions to help teachers exploit teachers’ questioning more effectively in language teaching.
Fungi and fungus-like organisms of the Kivertsi National Nature Park “Tsumanska Pushcha”
Authors: Hleb Ruslan , Heluta Vasyl , Vysotska Oksana , Bezsmertna Olesya , Merlenko Nina , Gerasymchuk Galyna , Derkach Volodymyr , Babytskiy Andriy
Published: January 2023

As a result of mycological surveys of the territory of Kivertsi National Nature Park “Tsumanska Pushcha” during 2004–2021, 203 species of fungi and fungus-like organisms were detected and registered. A comparative analysis of the species composition of the mycoflora of the park was carried out. The most diversified and rich was the phylum Basidiomycota, which comprises 172 species, belonging to 48 genera of 49 families, ten orders of the class Agaricomycetes. Many rare macromycetes that are rare or relatively rare for Ukraine (i.e., Cortinarius bolaris, Craterellus cornucopioides, Entoloma bloxamii, Fistulina hepatica, and Gyroporus castaneus) and listed in the Red Book of Ukraine (Grifola frondosa, Phaeolepiota aurea, Pseudoboletus parasiticus, and Sparassis crispa) have been discovered. For two species listed in the Red Book of Ukraine (Grifola frondosa and Pseudoboletus parasiticus), new localities have been discovered. As of today, the conducted studies expand information about the mycoflora of the Kivertsi National Nature Park “Tsumanska Pushcha”. However, the mycoflora of the park still requires further, more detailed research and inventory.
Perilaku Petani Arfak Dalam Mengadopsi Tehnologi Budidaya Kelapa Sawit Pada Program Kemitraan Dengan PTPN II Tanjung Morawa Medan Di Manokwari
Authors: Matualage Amestina , Hariadi Sunarru Samsi , Wiryono Paulus
Published: January 2023

This study aims to determine the extent of the success of Arfak farmers in adopting the PTPN II Tanjung Morawa Medan partnership program and what factors influence it. The data obtained is needed to carry out development planning, especially agricultural development for Arfak farmers. The method used in this study is the survey method, with Arfak farmer respondents participating in the oil palm PIR partnership program in Manokwari taken by a phased random method of 126 respondents. The data obtained were analyzed using path analysis methods. The results obtained were the subjective norms of the peasant environment, especially traditional leaders who play an important role in shaping the behavior of Arfak farmers in adopting partnership programs with PTPN II Tanjung Morawa Medan, so that in agricultural development planning for Arfak farmers, the government needs to strengthen the capacity of traditional leaders among farmers Arfak..
Analisis Daya Dukung Lahan Pertanian Di Kampung Susweni Distrik Manokwari Timur
Authors: Mofu Yohana , Lindongi Linda Ernawati , Tukayo Rudolf Kristian , Suparno Antonius
Published: January 2023

This study aimed to determine the carrying capacity of agricultural land in providing food to meet the needs of the population in Susweni Village, East Manokwari District. This study used the method of determining or comparing the carrying capacity of land by comparing the availability and needs of land. The results of the calculation of carrying capacity using the concept of calculation according to the regulation of the Minister of the Environment No. 17 of 2009 showed that the Susweni Village, East Manokwari District had a land carrying capacity status that was in deficit for the population living in Susweni Village, East Manokwari District. The availability of land of 78.47 ha and the need for land is 302,084 ha. Therefore, the need for land in the Susweni village is greater than the availability of land in the Susweni village. The deficit carrying capacity of the land in Susweni Village, East Manokwari District is strongly influenced by the population which continues to increase every year.
Pengaruh penggunaan air kelapa terhadap pertumbuhan kangkung darat (Ipomoea reptans Poir)
Authors: Awairaro Damarce Trimartin Robeka , Namserna Hangrie Jimmy , Tuhumena Veronica Leonora , Asyerem Fenny Salomina Jensaura , Hussein Rizald
Published: January 2023

This research was conducted to determine the most effective concentration of young coconut water to increase the growth of land kangkung. This study used a regression analysis design, with 15 coconut water concentration treatments, namely: 0%; 7.14%, 14.28 %, 21.42 %, 28.56 %, 35.70 %, 42.84 %, 48.98 %, 57.12 %, 64.26 %, 71.40%, 78.54%, 85.68%, 92.82%, and 99.96%. The variables observed in this study included plant height, number of leaves, leaf area, fresh weight, and dry weight. The data were analyzed using linear regression to see the effect of coconut water concentration on the growth of land kangkung plants from 15 treatments. The results of the study found that the application of coconut water at various concentrations had a significant but negative effect on plant height at 2 and 6 week, number of leaves at 2 week, leaf area at 2 week, as well as wet weight and dry weight of plants at age 6 week.
Pengaruh media tanam dan metode aplikasi zat pengatur tumbuh terhadap keberhasilan setek akar sukun (Artocarpus Altilis Fobs.)
Authors: Merahabia Paskalius Aprianto , Daeng Baso , Tuhumena Veronika Lenora , Tubur Herman Wafom
Published: January 2023

This study aims to observe the growth of breadfruit root cuttings due to a combination of planting media and the application of growth regulators. The research was carried out experimentally using a randomized block design with 9 treatments, namely soil, soil + PGR soaking, soil + PGR powder dipping, husk + soil, husk + soil + PGR soaking, husk + soil + PGR powder dipping, sand + soil, sand + soil + PGR soaking, sand + soil + PGR powder dipping. The data obtained were analyzed statistically and test futhered by Tukey's honestly significant difference. The results found that there were significant different in the characters of shoot time, shoot length 1-6 WAP, number of shoots, and number of roots. The treatment of soil media and PGR dipping performed the fastest shoot time. On the other hand, a mixture of soil with husk and ZPT given by soaking showed the best shoot length. The most roots number was produced by the the cuttings planting in sand and treated by dipping PGR.
Karakteristik sifat fisik dan pH tanah pada lahan percobaan Manggoapi Fakultas Pertanian Universitas Papua Manokwari
Authors: Hilungka Elius , Bachri Samsul , Kubangun Siti Hadjar , Baan Samen
Published: January 2023

This study aimed to identify the physical properties and soil pH of theManggoapi field experimental area, Faculty of Agriculture, which is being used bystudents, lecturers, or researchers for experimental activities of agricultural cultivation. Theresults found that the color of the soil ranges from dark brown to dark yellowish brown andthe soil color between the top layer and the bottom layer has blended due to frequent usedfor cultivation. Soil texture ranges from slightly coarse, medium and fine grades. The soilstructure ranges from globular, angular to granular lumps of medium to fine size, withmoderate to weak stability. The consistency of the soil is rather sticky and somewhatplastic, having a firmness that is loose to very loose. Surface rock is spread between 0-25%and rock outcrop 0-45%, with good drainage, and effective depth is more than 15.5 – 64.5cm. Soil pH is classified as neutral to alkaline.
Pertumbuhan dan produksi kangkung darat (Ipomoea reptans Poir) pada berbagai dosis pupuk papua nutrient granule di Manokwari
Authors: Amriati Besse , Hussein Rizald , Naa Sonita , Prabawardani Saraswati , Namserna Hangrie Jimmy
Published: January 2023

The aim of the study was to determine the apropriate dose of Papua Nutrient Granule fertilizer on the growth and production of kangkong (Ipomea reptans poir). The research was carried out at the screen house of the Faculty of Agriculture, University of Papua, Manokwari for 2 months from July to August 2019. The study was a single factor experiment using a Randomized Block Design. The treatment dose of Papua Nutrient Granule fertilizer consisted of control/Papua Nutrient Fertilizer 0 tons/ha), Papua Nutrient Fertilizer 5 tons/ha, Papua Nutrient Fertilizer 10 tons/ha), Papua Nutrient Fertilizer 15 tons/ha), Papua nutrient fertilizer 20 tons/ha. The results showed that the application of Papua Nutrient significantly affected the growth and yield of kangkong at all ages of observation. Papua Nutrient granule fertilizer with doses of 15 and 20 tons/ha produced height, rate of plant height, number of leaves and leaf growth rate, fresh stover weight and fresh root weight per plant better than other fertilization treatments and control.
Respon pertumbuhan dan hasil tanaman jagung akibat perlakuan pupuk organik cair papua nutrient dan sistem budidaya
Authors: Daeng Baso , Hussein Rizald
Published: January 2023

Corn are one of the leading food crop commodities. Corn, like plants in general, requires nutrients that are absorbed from the soil. One of the potentials of reliable organic fertilizers to support the Go Organic program is the utilization of liquid organic phosphate fertilizer "Papua Nutrient". This liquid organic fertilizer is product innovation of raw materials derived from West Papua's natural resources in the form of krandalit phosphate deposit soil. This study was conducted at the Amban Pantai Experiment Garden owned by the University of Papua, statistically designed using a completely randomized design. The combination of Papua Nutrient fertilizer and cultivated system resulted in total 10 treatments which were then repeated 4 times so that 40 experimental units were obtained. Observations were made on variable of growth and plant yield such as plant height, number of leaves, flowering time, length of panicles, and fresh weight of cobs. The combination of spraying treatment of liquid organic fertilizer Papua Nutrient with cultivation system performed a different influence on the growth and yield of corn crops. Corn crops that are treated with liquid organic fertilizer at a concentration of 10 cc/L of water in intercropping system performed the best results on the high parameters of the plant (4-6 weeks after planting) and the parameters of fresh weight of the cob.
Pemetaan tingkat kerawanan alih fungsi lahan sawah untuk mendukung perencanaan perlindungan lahan pertanian pangan berkelanjutan di kampung Prafi Mulya kabupaten Manokwari
Authors: Nainggolan Yosefa Monica Mileni , Bachri Samsul , Budiyono  , Daeng Baso , Widodo Imam
Published: January 2023

The purpose of this study was to develop data and information on potential locations to analyze the level of vulnerability to conversion of paddy fields in Prafi Mulia village. This research is a descriptive study with survey methods by using questionnaire and taking coordinates of paddy fields using the Avenza Maps application. The results found that there are three level of vulnerability to conversion of paddy fields, namely very vulnerable, vulnerable, and not vulnerable. After overlapping the maps, it was found that the land that is very vulnerable to land conversion is 59.5 ha from 13 farmer groups. The farmer group with the highest level of vulnerability is Harapan Makmur with an area of ​​14 ha and the lowest level of vulnerability is the Sidodadi Farmer Group with an area of ​​0.5 ha. There are 138 ha of land with the highest vulnerability category and the highest vulnerability is found on land belonging to the Karya Bakti farmer group, which is 16 ha and the lowest is the Rukun Tani, Sido Dadi, and Sumber hasil farmer groups with an area of ​​5 ha. In the non-prone category, there is an area of ​​81 ha with the highest value in the Tekat Maju farmer group of 21 ha and the lowest in the Karya Bakti, Sido Mukti, and Margo Mulyo farmer groups with an area of ​​1 ha.