bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The First Partition of Poland and the Issue of the European Balance of Power in Contemporary English Media (1772–1774)
Authors: Schvéd Brigitta Kinga
Published: May 2022

Prussia, Russia, and Austria gradually divided the territory of the Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth in three stages between 1772 and 1795. In their partition policy, Prussia and Russia managed to make Austria take sides with them on the first, as well as the third occasion, and during these partitions, the Western powers such as France or Great Britain – although fully opposing such violent breach of Polish–Lithuanian statehood – did not act against them. A new kind of balancing policy and partition diplomacy materialized in these partitions of Poland (rozbiory Polski) and the loss of Polish sovereignty. The present paper seeks to explore the roots of this peculiarly balancing constellation of great powers, analysing the political environment that led to the first division of Poland in 1772, while investigating the opinion of Great Britain on the partition. The first part of the study places the 18th-century European political scene in an ideohistorical contéxt, présénting thé concépts of ‘réason of staté’ and ‘balancé of powér’ that motivated the dynamics of diplomatic negotiations. In light of this, the second part describes the motivations and key events of Polish (domestic) and European (great power) politics in the 18th century up to the time of the first partition, while the main part analyses the English press reaction to the division, its visual sources and the relevant pamphlet literature of 1772–1774.
Pairing-Dependent Plasticity in a Dissected Fly Brain Is Input-Specific and Requires Synaptic CaMKII Enrichment and Nighttime Sleep
Authors: Adel Mohamed , Chen Nannan , Zhang Yunpeng , Reed Martha L. , Quasney Christina , Griffith Leslie C.
Published: May 2022

InDrosophila,in vivofunctional imaging studies revealed that associative memory formation is coupled to a cascade of neural plasticity events in distinct compartments of the mushroom body (MB). In-depth investigation of the circuit dynamics, however, will require anex vivomodel that faithfully mirrors these events to allow direct manipulations of circuit elements that are inaccessible in the intact fly. The currentex vivomodels have been able to reproduce the fundamental plasticity of aversive short-term memory, a potentiation of the MB intrinsic neuron (Kenyon cells [KCs]) responses after artificial learningex vivo. However, this potentiation showed different localization and encoding properties from those reportedin vivoand failed to generate the previously reported suppression plasticity in the MB output neurons (MBONs). Here, we develop anex vivomodel using the femaleDrosophilabrain that recapitulates behaviorally evoked plasticity in the KCs and MBONs. We demonstrate that this plasticity accurately localizes to the MB α′3 compartment and is encoded by a coincidence between KC activation and dopaminergic input. The formed plasticity is input-specific, requiring pairing of the conditioned stimulus and unconditioned stimulus pathways; hence, we name it pairing-dependent plasticity. Pairing-dependent plasticity formation requires an intactCaMKIIgene and is blocked by previous-night sleep deprivation but is rescued by rebound sleep. In conclusion, we show that ourex vivopreparation recapitulates behavioral and imaging results from intact animals and can provide new insights into mechanisms of memory formation at the level of molecules, circuits, and brain state.

SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENTThe mammalianex vivoLTP model enabled in-depth investigation of the hippocampal memory circuit. We develop a parallel model to study theDrosophilamushroom body (MB) memory circuit. Pairing activation of the conditioned stimulus and unconditioned stimulus pathways in dissected brains induces a potentiation pairing-dependent plasticity (PDP) in the axons of α′β′ Kenyon cells and a suppression PDP in the dendrites of their postsynaptic MB output neurons, localized in the MB α′3 compartment. This PDP is input-specific and requires the 3′ untranslated region ofCaMKII. Interestingly,ex vivoPDP carries information about the animal's experience before dissection; brains from sleep-deprived animals fail to form PDP, whereas those from animals who recovered 2 h of their lost sleep form PDP.
Sex Differences in the Activity of Basolateral Amygdalar Neurons That Project to the Bed Nucleus of the Stria Terminalis and Their Role in Anticipatory Anxiety
Authors: Vantrease Jaime E. , Avonts Brittany , Padival Mallika , DeJoseph M. Regina , Urban Janice H. , Rosenkranz J. Amiel
Published: May 2022

Abnormal fear and anxiety can manifest as psychiatric disorders. The bed nucleus of the stria terminalis (BNST) is implicated in sustained responding to, or anticipation of, an aversive event which can be expressed as anticipatory anxiety. The BLA is also active during anticipatory anxiety and sends projections to the BNST. However, little is known about the role for BLA neurons that project to BNST (BLA-BNST) in anticipatory anxiety in rodents. To address this, we tested whether chemogenetic inactivation of the BLA-BNST pathway attenuates sustained conditioned responses produced by anticipation of an aversive stimulus. For comparison, we also assessed BLA-BNST inactivation during social interaction, which is sensitive to unlearned anxiety. We found that BLA-BNST inactivation reduced conditioned sustained freezing and increased social behaviors, but surprisingly, only in males. To determine whether sex differences in BLA-BNST neuronal activity contribute to the differences in behavior, we usedin vivoandex vivoelectrophysiological approaches. In males, BLA-BNST projection neurons were more active and excitable, which coincided with a smaller after-hyperpolarization current (IAHP) compared with other BLA neurons; whereas in females, BLA-BNST neurons were less excitable and had largerIAHPcompared with other BLA neurons. These findings demonstrate that activity of BLA-BNST neurons mediates conditioned anticipatory anxiety-like behavior in males. The lack of a role of BLA-BNST in females in this behavior, possibly because of low excitability of these neurons, also highlights the need for caution when generalizing the role of specific neurocircuits in fear and anxiety.

SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENTAnxiety disorders disproportionately affect women. This hints toward sex differences within anxiety neurocircuitry, yet most of our understanding is derived from male rodents. Furthermore, debilitating anticipation of adverse events is among the most severe anxiety symptoms, but little is known about anticipatory anxiety neurocircuitry. Here we demonstrated that BLA-BNST activity is required for anticipatory anxiety to a prolonged aversive cue, but only in males. Moreover, BLA-BNST neurons are hypoactive and less excitable in females. These results uncover BLA-BNST as a key component of anticipatory anxiety circuitry, and cellular differences may explain the sex-dependent role of this circuit. Uncovering this disparity provides evidence that the assumed basic circuitry of an anxiety behavior might not readily transpose from males to females.
ASD/OCD-Linked Protocadherin-10 Regulates Synapse, But Not Axon, Development in the Amygdala and Contributes to Fear- and Anxiety-Related Behaviors
Authors: Hoshina Naosuke , Johnson-Venkatesh Erin M. , Rally Veronica R. , Sant Jaanvi , Hoshina Miyuki , Seiglie Mariel P. , Umemori Hisashi
Published: May 2022

TheProtocadherin-10(PCDH10) gene is associated with autism spectrum disorder (ASD), obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD), and major depression (MD). The PCDH10 protein is a homophilic cell adhesion molecule that belongs to the δ2-protocadherin family. PCDH10 is highly expressed in the developing brain, especially in the basolateral nucleus of the amygdala (BLA). However, the role of PCDH10in vivohas been debatable: one paper reported that aPcdh10mutant mouse line showed changes in axonal projections; however, anotherPcdh10mutant mouse line was reported to have failed to detect axonal phenotypes. Therefore, the actual roles of PCDH10 in the brain remain to be elucidated. We established a newPcdh10KO mouse line using the CRISPR/Cas9 system, without inserting gene cassettes to avoid nonspecific effects, examined the roles of PCDH10 in the brain, and studied the behavioral consequences ofPcdh10inactivation. Here, we show thatPcdh10KO mice do not show defects in axonal development. Instead, we find thatPcdh10KO mice exhibit impaired development of excitatory synapses in the dorsal BLA. We further demonstrate that malePcdh10KO mice exhibit reduced anxiety-related behaviors, impaired fear conditioning, decreased stress-coping responses, and mildly impaired social recognition and communication. These results indicate that PCDH10 plays a critical role in excitatory synapse development, but not axon development, in the dorsal BLA and that PCDH10 regulates anxiety-related, fear-related, and stress-related behaviors. Our results reveal the roles of PCDH10 in the brain and its relationship to relevant psychiatric disorders such as ASD, OCD, and MD.

SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENTProtocadherin-10(PCDH10) encodes a cell adhesion molecule and is implicated in autism spectrum disorder (ASD), obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD), and major depression (MD). PCDH10 is highly expressed in the basolateral nucleus of the amygdala (BLA). However, the phenotypes of previously publishedPcdh10mutant mice are debatable, and some are possibly because of the nonspecific effects of theLacZ/Neocassette inserted in the mice. We have generated a newPcdh10mutant mouse line without theLacZ/Neocassette. Using our new mouse line, we reveal the roles of PCDH10 for excitatory synapse development in the BLA. The mutant mice exhibit anxiety-related, fear-related, and stress-related behaviors, which are relevant to ASD, OCD, and MD, suggesting a possible treatment strategy for such psychiatric disorders.
Biophysical and Architectural Mechanisms of Subthalamic Theta under Response Conflict
Authors: Moolchand Prannath , Jones Stephanie R. , Frank Michael J.
Published: May 2022

The cortico-basal ganglia circuit is needed to suppress prepotent actions and to facilitate controlled behavior. Under conditions of response conflict, the frontal cortex and subthalamic nucleus (STN) exhibit increased spiking and theta band power, which are linked to adaptive regulation of behavioral output. The electrophysiological mechanisms underlying these neural signatures of impulse control remain poorly understood. To address this lacuna, we constructed a novel large-scale, biophysically principled model of the subthalamopallidal (STN-globus pallidus externus) network and examined the mechanisms that modulate theta power and spiking in response to cortical input. Simulations confirmed that theta power does not emerge from intrinsic network dynamics but is robustly elicited in response to cortical input as burst events representing action selection dynamics. Rhythmic burst events of multiple cortical populations, representing a state of conflict where cortical motor plans vacillate in the theta range, led to prolonged STN theta and increased spiking, consistent with empirical literature. Notably, theta band signaling required NMDA, but not AMPA, currents, which were in turn related to a triphasic STN response characterized by spiking, silence, and bursting periods. Finally, theta band resonance was also strongly modulated by architectural connectivity, with maximal theta arising when multiple cortical populations project to individual STN “conflict detector” units because of an NMDA-dependent supralinear response. Our results provide insights into the biophysical principles and architectural constraints that give rise to STN dynamics during response conflict, and how their disruption can lead to impulsivity and compulsivity.

SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENTThe subthalamic nucleus exhibits theta band power modulation related to cognitive control over motor actions during conditions of response conflict. However, the mechanisms of such dynamics are not understood. Here we developed a novel biophysically detailed and data-constrained large-scale model of the subthalamopallidal network, and examined the impacts of cellular and network architectural properties that give rise to theta dynamics. Our investigations implicate an important role for NMDA receptors and cortico-subthalamic nucleus topographical connectivities in theta power modulation.
EXPLORING THE SYNERGY BETWEEN GOVERNMENT AND BUSINESS ENTITIES IN THE FIGHT AGAINST SUBSTANCE ABUSE IN EAST LONDON. A 2018-2021 STUDY
Authors: Bala Samkelo , Kang’ethe Simon M.
Published: May 2022

South Africa’s public sector is resource deficient and that justifies the need for the government and business entities to fight synergistically against substance abuse. This study adopted a qualitative approach to explore the working synergy between government and business entities in the fight against substance abuse. The research population for this study was comprised of participants from business entities and government and non-government organisations based in East London in the Eastern Cape province. One-on-one interviews and focus group discussions were conducted to gather information from the purposively selected participants. The findings identified intermittent contributions from business entities that could be utilised in the fight against substance abuse, as well as a weak policy nexus with national policies, weak campaign synergy between government and business entities, and poor mobilisation of business entities by the government. This study encourages South African business entities to include addressing substance abuse in their corporate social investment activities. Resource mobilisation is one of the important roles in social work practice and social workers need to coordinate and facilitate the synergy between government and business entities in the fight against substance abuse.
Prospects for the use of electric heat generators in district heating systems for the supply of energy supplementary services for power systems
Authors:   Institute of General Energy of the National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine, 172 Antonovycha str., Kyiv, 03150, Ukraine, Derii V.O.
Published: May 2022

The projection of the hot water thermal load of the district heating system’s consumers is developed. It is shown that the total heat load of centralized hot water supply systems in Ukraine today is about 3.0 GW. It determines the full potential of maneuvering power of electric heat generators to provide ancillary services to a power system. Moreover, due to the decline of the Ukrainian population and the decrease of demand for thermal energy, it is expected to decline in the future and will reach 1.9 GW in 2050 (down 36.6% compared to 2020). During the non-heating period, under market conditions, it is expected that heat-generating technologies will compete with each other for the ability to supply heat water to the district systems. The solar collectors will be excluded from the market competition as they do not require a fuel, and therefore their use during the non-heating period is the most profitable. Another technology that will be in use is biomass boilers, their minimum reduced weighted average lossless price of thermal energy (Marginal Levelized Price of Energy - MLPOE) is 102 UAH / Gcal. Gas cogeneration technologies also have a great chance to use their thermal capacity (MLPOE - 258 UAH / Gcal), heat pumps (MLPOE - 155 UAH / Gcal), electric boilers (MLPOE - 633 UAH / Gcal) and gas boilers (MLPOE - 964 UAH / Gcal) will also be used. The analysis of different options for providing ancillary services to the power system showed that considering the competition among technologies, the most feasible option is to involve CHP equipped with electric heat generators. This option allows performing both daily regulation of power and load of power system and also regulation during the system’s night minimum load. At the same time, the balancing power for the current situation is about 1.3 GW for daily control and 1.4 GW for regulation during the night minimum load Keywords: structure of heat generation, heat-generating technologies, heat load, power system, schedule of electric loads, night failure, power, heat pumps, electric boilers, CHP
Improving Timely Discharges Through Nurse-Initiated Conditional Discharge Orders
Authors: Vaughan Lynsey , Neary Tara , Manicone Paul
Published: May 2022

BACKGROUND

Hospitalized patients are often medically ready for discharge before actual time of discharge. Delays are multifactorial, including medical staff workflow, knowledge, culture, and system issues. Identifying discharge criteria in a nurse-initiated conditional discharge (NICD) order facilitates a nurse-initiated discharge, creates a shared mental model for early discharge readiness, and improves workflow delays. The objective was to increase the percentage of morning discharges from 6% to 11% on the hospitalist intervention team, sustaining 11% for 6 months.

METHODS

All patients admitted to a hospitalist service (intervention team) were targeted from July 2018 through March 2020. The primary outcome measure was percentage of morning discharges (6:00 am–12:00 pm). Quality improvement methodology was used to initiate bundled interventions, including NICD order use and education, written tool dissemination, and weekly e-mail reminders (PDSA1). Continued education with dissemination of an instructional module and a resident champion were established to improve resident hesitancy (PDSA2).

RESULTS

Special cause variation was observed for the primary outcome after PDSA2 with a positive shift in the number of early discharges. Special cause variation was observed in the process measure after PDSA1 with 6 points above the mean.

CONCLUSIONS

Through NICD orders, written tool dissemination, and a resident champion to encourage system-wide culture change, patients were discharged earlier, improving patient flow.
Effectiveness of a computer-assisted algorithm for onsite screening of diabetic retinopathy from retinal photographs at diabetic outpatient clinics
Authors:   Sankara Nethralaya, John Sheila , Srinivasan Sangeetha ,   Vision Research Foundation, Ram Keerthi ,   Healthcare Technology Innovation Centre, Sivaprakasam Mohanasankar
Published: May 2022

Purpose: To examine the effectiveness of a computer-assisted algorithm for onsite screening for diabetic retinopathy (DR) at diabetic outpatient clinics. Methods: 1263 patients were examined over two years. Undilated fundus photographs were acquired at the clinic. Photographs were independently assessed by an ophthalmologist and optometrist in a darkened room in a masked fashion and also processed through the algorithm. DR was defined per the International Clinical Diabetic Retinopathy Disease Severity Scale and severity of diabetic retinopathy. Results: 2526 eyes of 1263 patients were assessed. The algorithm successfully graded 2153 (85%) images with 63.04% sensitivity and 79.63% specificity compared to an ophthalmologist; in comparison to an optometrist, sensitivity and specificity were 60.87% and 79.05%, respectively. The agreement between ophthalmologist and optometrist was kappa=0.835 for presence of DR, 0.835 for severity of DR. Conclusion: This algorithm may be a utilized in a diabetic clinic for a quick screening with only the retinal photographs.
Effects of compound mineral admixtures on the properties of magnesium oxysulfate cement
Authors: Zhang Na , Yu Hongfa , Ma Haiyan , Ba Mingfang , Ma Haoxia
Published: May 2022

Adding mineral admixtures is a green, economic and effective way of improving the properties of magnesium oxysulfate cement (MOSC). Based on MOSC modified with low-calcium fly ash (L-FA), high-calcium fly ash (H-FA) and granulated blast-furnace slag (G-BS), the effects of L-FA, H-FA and G-BS and silica fume (SF) double mixing on the properties of MOSC were studied by characterising the compressive strength, water resistance, hydration heat, hydration products and micropore structure characteristics. The modification mechanism of the mineral admixtures was also investigated. The results showed that L-FA, G-BS and SF double mixing optimised the hydration product composition and the micropore structure of the MOSC, thus improving its compressive strength and water resistance. The hydration reaction rate of MOSC and 5.1.7 phase content in the hydration products was increased by H-FA and SF double mixing, but the micropore structure was not further optimised, which is why the water resistance of MOSC with H-FA and SF was not improved. The research results enrich the basic theory of mineral admixtures for improving the properties of MOSC and provide theoretical guidance for practical applications.
Evaluation of compression interpretation criteria for drilled shafts socketed into rocks
Authors: Topacio Anjerick , Chen Yit-Jin , Phoon Kok-Kwang , Tang Chong
Published: May 2022

Representative compression interpretation criteria were analysed to assess their relative merits and interrelationships when applied to drilled shafts socketed into rocks. Results of load tests around the world were gathered and collated into a database (CYCU/RockSocket/50) for the assessment. Each of the applied interpretation criteria was then evaluated and compared with one another and with the results of the interpretations of drilled shafts in various soil conditions and post-grouted drilled shafts. To assess the behaviour of drilled shafts socketed into rocks further, interpreted side and end bearing resistances were also determined. The mean interpreted capacities and displacements were higher for drilled shafts socketed into rocks when compared with drilled shafts in soils, but were comparable with those for tip post-grouted drilled shafts. On this basis, recommendations regarding specific interpretation criteria, which are advantageous for design displacement requirements under 12 mm for serviceability and displacements in the range of 53–71 mm for ultimate limit states, were established. Finally, behavioural assessments of the normalised load–displacement curves were extensively conducted using hyperbolic equations to test their effectivity to CYCU/RockSocket/50.
Reliability-based design of geogrid reinforced soil foundation using kriging surrogates
Authors: Nazeeh K. M. , Sivakumar Babu G. L.
Published: May 2022

This paper investigates the benefits of using reinforced soil foundations to improve the bearing pressure of shallow foundations on soil using numerical methods. Numerical study of geogrid reinforced soil involves estimation and validation of geogrid properties. Reliability-based design of reinforced soil foundation is performed using kriging surrogates. This involves calibrating and validating a kriging model using samples generated by any deterministic geotechnical numerical model. Surrogate models simplify probabilistic computations and Monte Carlo simulations. The design methodology is applied for a shallow foundation on soils reinforced with multiple geogrid layers. Results demonstrate the possibilities of surrogate modelling to design geogrid reinforced soil foundations and their capability to reduce settlement and improve bearing capacity, thereby reducing foundation area.
Green approach for nutrients removal from real dairy wastewater via constructed wetland
Authors: Mohammed Noor A. , Ismail Zainab Z.
Published: May 2022

Constructed wetlands (CWs) are considered one of the most promising future approaches for wastewater treatment from various sources at relatively low cost and with minimised environmental impacts. In this study, an integrated system of CW cells with horizontal subsurface flow were designed, installed and fed with fresh actual dairy industry effluent in continuous base. To investigate the simultaneous effect of arrangement and type of supporting media on the treatment efficiency, six identically designed CW system cells were installed using conventional naturally available cost-effective supporting media. The type and configuration of supporting materials were 100% gravel, 50% sand and 50% soil, 60% gravel and 40% sand, 100% sand, 50% sand and 50% soil and 100 soil for CW1, CW2, CW3, CW4, CW5 and CW6, respectively. All CW cells were planted with Canna indica except CW5, which was kept uncultivated as the control cell. The results revealed significant removal of nutrients with maximum removal efficiencies of 99 and 96% for phosphate and nitrate, respectively. The favourable results confirmed that CWs can be used as an inexpensive sustainable technique for dairy effluent treatment.
Situaciones estresantes y estrategias de afrontamiento en comunidad LGB
Authors: Muñoz Maldonado Sandra Ivonne , Sánchez Medina Ricardo , Rosales Piña Consuelo Rubi , Enríquez Negrete David Javier
Published: May 2022

Introducción: El estrés en la comunidad LGB está asociada a su orientación sexual, violencia o discriminación, eventos estresantes los cuales son distintos a los reportados por personas heterosexuales. La literatura reporta relación del nivel de estrés con problemáticas de salud mental, de mayor intensidad y frecuencia en la población LGB.

Objetivo: El propósito fue identificar las situaciones estresantes, estrategias de afrontamiento y emociones asociadas en la comunidad LGB.

Método: Se realizó un estudio descriptivo con un diseño no experimental de tipo transversal, mediante un muestreo no probabilístico; participaron 272 hombres y mujeres de 14 a 56 años. Se empleó el Cuestionario de Emociones, Estrés y Afrontamiento de Vega et al. (2012).

Resultados: Los participantes homosexuales, bisexuales y lesbianas coinciden en reportar en primer lugar situaciones de comunicar su orientación sexual, las situaciones restantes son escolares, laborales y de discriminación por pertenecer a la comunidad LGB. Los participantes usan estrategias de afrontamiento centradas en la acción y en la emoción en proporciones similares (48 % - 50 %). Las emociones asociadas a situaciones estresantes son ansiedad, temor, vergüenza, culpa. En situaciones placenteras reportan también emociones negativas.

Conclusiones: El tipo de situaciones estresantes son distintas en estas poblaciones, debido a que enfrentan con mayor frecuencia eventos relacionados con discriminación o confrontación por su orientación sexual. Se aporta información sobre qué y cómo se afrontan las situaciones que generan estrés en población LGB. Se sugiere generar intervenciones cognitivoconductuales de regulación emocional y afrontamiento efectivo.
Análisis de correlación entre la audición y la flexibilidad cognitiva en una población adulta mayor de Sincelejo, Colombia
Authors: Lastre Meza Karina Sofía , Guardo Marchán María Emma , Gutiérrez Meza Yoselín
Published: May 2022

Introducción: La presente investigación estudió el sistema auditivo y las habilidades ejecutivas, específicamente la flexibilidad cognitiva, en población longeva y buscó aportar a la evidencia científica existente, el impacto que pueden tener ambas en la calidad de vida de la población adulta mayor.

objetivo: Se determinó la relación entre la función auditiva y la flexibilidad cognitiva de una población adulta mayor del municipio de Sincelejo, Colombia.

Método: Se realizó un estudio cuantitativo, no experimental, correlacional, transversal, a una población de 140 adultos mayores. Para la selección de la muestra se aplicó un muestreo intencional por criterios de inclusión (pertenecientes a la institución, que firmarán el consentimiento informado) y de exclusión (déficit cognitivo, diabetes, enfermedades neurológicas diagnosticadas, alteraciones visuales o auditivas, sobrepasar la edad del test), la muestra quedó conformada por 49 adultos mayores. Se empleó como instrumentos de recolección de la información para la audición, pruebas audiológicas de audiometría tonal y logoaudiometría; y para la medición de la función ejecutiva, Test de clasificación de tarjetas de Wisconsin.

Resultados: Se demostraron diferencias entre la variable respuesta de nivel conceptual del test entre los grupos de edad (p: 0,037), pérdidas auditivas de alta frecuencia entre leve y moderado (25-40DbBHL; 40-60DBHL), buen nivel de discriminación del habla, y una asociación estadística entre sensibilidad auditiva y número total de errores (0,336, 0,357 p=0,05); la sensibilidad auditiva y las respuestas perseverativas y errores perseverativos (0,343, 0,301 p=0,05), discriminación del habla, respuesta a nivel conceptual (-0,375; -0,397 p=0.0) y fallos para mantener actitud (0,441; 0,456 p=0,01).

Conclusión: Cuanto mayor deterioro en el procesamiento periférico y central auditivo exista, mayor es la tendencia perseverativa, la dificultad para abstracción y formación de conceptos, así como el cambio de estrategias de un adulto mayor en tareas que impliquen funcionamiento ejecutivo.
Más que un expediente… Las madres de las personas desaparecidas en México y sus carpetas de investigación
Authors: Vargas Isaac
Published: May 2022

La crisis de desapariciones en México se agudizó en 2007, cuando el entonces presidente Felipe Calderón lanzó la guerra contra las drogas. Desde esa fecha, se han reportado más de 80 000 personas desaparecidas a nivel nacional. Ante este panorama de violencia e incertidumbre, ha surgido un dispositivo burocrático que intenta gestionar la búsqueda y el duelo de las familias que aún esperan el regreso de sus seres queridos: la carpeta. En este artículo se aborda principalmente cómo este expediente, que contiene la investigación oficial llevada a cabo por las autoridades, juega un papel central en el proceso de búsqueda. A través de las voces de 13 madres cuyas hijas e hijos han desaparecido, la carpeta adopta incluso la categoría de un objeto-persona que representa una encarnación material de la víctima. Frente a dicha perspectiva, la cual rebasa los límites racionales impuestos por el aparato estatal, se empleó la metodología negativa que permite reflexionar sobre y desde los fragmentos dejados por la violencia. Así, uno de los argumentos centrales en mostrar cómo las personas desaparecidas, mediante los objetos, siguen participando tanto en la vida cotidiana de sus familiares como en los reclamos de justicia ante el Estado. Se concluye que el afecto emerge de manera particular en medio de la violencia y sirve para confrontar el régimen burocrático.
Números de la injusticia ambiental: la medición de la impunidad en México
Authors: Le Clercq Juan Antonio , Cedillo Celeste
Published: May 2022

En el Índice Global de Impunidad Ambiental México (2020) se desarrolla una metodología cuantitativa para medir los niveles de dicha categoría. Siguiendo la criminología verde se define impunidad ambiental, en un sentido amplio, para integrar la imposibilidad de investigar, perseguir, enjuiciar, sancionar y reparar los delitos y daños en contra del medioambiente; el incumplimiento de objetivos de política ambiental y climática, así como la inexistencia de estrategias y programas de políticas públicas intergeneracionales. Los resultados del índice evidencian que el desempeño de los estados en México se encuentra por debajo de la mitad del puntaje máximo que podrían alcanzar, lo cual refleja una política ambiental muy frágil, insuficientes capacidades institucionales para proteger los ecosistemas y la imposibilidad de garantizar el derecho a un medioambiente sano. En este trabajo se argumenta sobre la importancia de medir grados de impunidad ambiental como una forma de operacionalizar problemas de justicia; se discute el alcance de dicho concepto; se explica la metodología estructurada en cuatro dimensiones, 42 indicadores y el modelo estadístico que componen el índice; y se analizan los resultados obtenidos de manera desagregada. Como conclusión se destacan la necesidad de desarrollar sistemas de indicadores más confiables en materia ambiental, el valor explicativo de las capacidades institucionales y la complejidad involucrada en la medición de los delitos y el daño ambiental.
Labores de cuidado y covid-19: cambios en la movilidad cotidiana de mujeres en Santiago, Chile
Authors: Zúñiga-Olave Catalina Paz , Herrmann-Lunecke Marie Geraldine
Published: May 2022

Desde el año 2020 el mundo vive en un contexto de pandemia debido a la covid-19, lo cual ha significado cambios drásticos en las ciudades y en la movilidad cotidiana de las personas y ha agudizado las desigualdades, en particular para las mujeres. El confinamiento profundizó la desigualdad de género en diferentes dimensiones y contextos, pues muchas mujeres han debido asumir, como parte de su rol reproductivo, una carga mayor de labores de cuidado y tareas domésticas en distintos entornos, sobre todo en el hogar y en el barrio. El objetivo de este artículo es analizar el impacto de la pandemia en la movilidad cotidiana ligada a las labores de cuidado de mujeres del barrio San Cristóbal en Recoleta, Santiago, Chile. Con este fin se realizaron mapas exploratorios virtuales y entrevistas semiestructuradas a mujeres que realizan labores de cuidado, comparando dichas labores y la movilidad cotidiana antes y durante la pandemia. Los resultados muestran que desde el confinamiento pandémico se ha acrecentado la desigualdad de género que viven las mujeres, reflejada en sus actividades cotidianas, particularmente en relación con el aumento del trabajo doméstico y las labores de cuidado. Asimismo, se observa un cambio en la movilidad cotidiana de las mujeres cuidadoras, centrada más en la caminata y ubicada en el entorno barrial a fin de cubrir sus necesidades básicas.
Paisajes del cuidado en la Ciudad de México. Experiencias, movilidad e infraestructuras
Authors: Soto-Villagrán Paula
Published: May 2022

En el presente artículo se analizan las relaciones entre movilidad, cuidados y género a través del concepto “paisajes del cuidado”. Para ello, se retoman los aportes teóricos de las geografías feministas del cuidado y la tradición teórica de la construcción social del paisaje. El objetivo del artículo es conocer las dimensiones espaciotemporales que conforman tales paisajes y su incidencia en la vida urbana de las mujeres. La estrategia metodológica es mixta, en tanto pone en diálogo técnicas cualitativas y cuantitativas de investigación, utilizando una encuesta de movilidad y etnografías móviles de acompañamiento a mujeres en sus desplazamientos cotidianos. El contexto de estudio fueron tres Centros de Transferencia Modal de la Ciudad de México. Las principales conclusiones evidencian cómo las prácticas de cuidar pueden estar presentes en los viajes cotidianos de mujeres que habitan la capital mexicana y, que los territorios e infraestructuras del transporte pueden entenderse como espacios que dan forma a las experiencias de cuidar en movimiento. En tal sentido, investigar los paisajes del cuidado implica hacer visibles realidades que pasan desapercibidas pues, aunque los habitantes no sean conscientes de ello ni los observen de manera directa, esos paisajes están ahí, en los viajes cotidianos que hacen principalmente las mujeres en sus recorridos por la ciudad.
Conflicto hídrico y defensa territorial: mujeres en el Movimiento Campesino de Santiago del Estero, Argentina
Authors: Pena Mariela
Published: May 2022

América Latina se encuentra atravesando hoy, en grado preocupante, el avance del modelo extractivo-exportador, el cual agrava los conflictos distributivos asociados a los recursos territoriales e hídricos. Frente a estos procesos, se han articulado resistencias ambientales conformadas por poblaciones campesino-indígenas vulneradas, que se oponen al paradigma productivista planteando éticas de desarrollo sostenible. Este trabajo parte del caso etnográfico de Santiago del Estero, una provincia del centro-norte de Argentina, tradicionalmente considerada como “improductiva”, la cual ha resultado drásticamente afectada por la agriculturización. Allí, las poblaciones perjudicadas por procesos de acaparamiento de tierras, desalojos y contaminación ambiental han conformado el Movimiento Campesino de Santiago del Estero (Mo.Ca.Se). Desde una perspectiva de género y un abordaje antropológico centrado en observaciones y entrevistas, se explora el impacto de las injusticias ambientales, específicamente el de la injusticia hídrica, en las comunidades campesino-indígenas y en la sobrevulneración que implica para las mujeres y niñas. Se concluye que las mujeres ocupan un rol trascendental en las estrategias de resiliencia de sus comunidades, dentro de un contexto de escasez, violencias y despojos. A la vez, otro de los hallazgos radica en que la defensa territorial organizada de manera colectiva favorece su situación en relación con el acceso al agua y otros recursos, mediante la generación de redes y alianzas más amplias, incluso a escala transnacional.
Sequencing of construct v1
Authors: Baden Pascale
Published: May 2022

This protocol describes sequencing of construct.
Electroporation of fluorescent antisense molecules into Bodo saltans and live imaging v1
Authors: Ahrar Mastaneh , not provided g.hurst , Chrostek Ewa
Published: May 2022

This is the protocol used in our Laboratory at the University of Liverpool to electroporate molecules into Bodo saltans.
Single cell analysis of iPSC-derived midbrain organoids v1
Authors: José Pérez J. María
Published: May 2022

The following script was used for analysis of gene corrected (GC) versus GBA1 mutant (MUT) midbrain organoids. The purpose was to combine, filter, integrate, and identify clusters and differentially expressed genes sets.
Foliar Fertilization of Dual-Labeled Organic and Inorganic N in Rice; Mechanisms of Transport and Assimilation
Authors: Zou Zhaohui
Published: May 2022

The absorption, transport, and assimilation mechanism of organic and inorganic nitrogen(N) in rice organs were analyzed by applying 13C-15N dual-labeled organic and inorganic N directly to the leaves of rice plants (variety: C Liangyou 266) at tillering stage based on isotope tracing. The findings suggest that the dry weight and N accumulation of various rice organs under glycine N and ammonium N treatments were significantly higher than other treatments; the dry weight and N accumulation in rice organs followed the pattern of “leaf > root > stem”, and there were no significant differences between control and nitrate N treatment. The 15N increments were detected in the roots, stems and leaves of all treatments, showing a certain pattern of “leaf > stem > root”; there were significant differences between the 15N increments of various organs (P < 0.01). The 13C increment/15N increment ratios of rice root, stem, leaf, and whole plant were 0.108, 0.158, 0.178, and 0.161 respectively. For rice plants treated by glycine N and ammonium N, the activity of GOT, GPT and GDH peaked in leaves, followed by stems and then roots; while the pattern of activity for GOT, GPT and GDH in the control (Ck) and nitrate N group was in following order “leaf > root > stem”. The results showed that rice leaves directly absorb and utilize molecular glycine and the absorption rate of glycine is significantly higher than ammonium N or nitrate N. Molecular organic N absorbed into rice leaves would be transported to roots; the transportability of N in rice plants ranked in descending order is as follows: amino acid N > ammonium N > nitrate N. © 2022 Friends Science Publishers
Pattern of infertility among infertile couples in a tertiary health institution in Bayelsa State, South-South Nigeria
Authors: Oriji Peter Chibuzor , Kiridi Enefia Kelvin , Ubom Akaninyene Eseme , Okoye Chukwunonso Nnamdi , Oriji Victoria Komonibo , Awotundun Benjamin
Published: May 2022

Background: Infertility is a socially distressing medical condition that remains a public health concern in many developing countries, including Nigeria. The objective of the study was to evaluate the pattern of infertility among infertile couples in a tertiary hospital in South-South Nigeria.

Methods: A retrospective, descriptive, cross-sectional study of infertile couples evaluated at the Infertility Clinic of the Federal Medical Centre, Yenagoa, Bayelsa State, South-South Nigeria, between January and December, 2021, was conducted. Case records of all the infertile couples evaluated during the study period were retrieved, and relevant data were extracted from the case records using a pre-designed proforma. Data obtained was analysed using Statistical Product and Service Solutions for Windows® version 25 (SPSS Inc.; Chicago, USA).

Results: The incidence rate of infertility was 18.2%. Tubal factor was the most common (104, 55.6%) cause of infertility, with tubal blockage being the commonest (92, 49.2%) tubal pathology. Male factor was implicated in 81, 43.3%, of the cases, a combination of male and female factors in 45, 24.1%, while 5, 2.7%, of the cases were unexplained. Female factor alone was responsible for infertility in 101, 54.0%, of the cases, while male factor alone was identified in 36, 19.2%, of the cases.

Conclusions: Our study’s incidence rate for infertility was similar to those reported in other studies in our region. To reduce the incidence of infertility, social reorientation to improve sociocultural practices and poor health-seeking behaviour of couples, should be pursued vigorously.

 
Delayed Bilateral Facial Nerve Palsy Manifesting 3 Months after Traumatic Brain Injury: A Case Report
Authors: Lee Geon Jae , Kim Hyoung Seop
Published: May 2022

Facial nerve palsy (FNP) can be a challenging medical condition, and bilateral FNP is an uncommon occurrence that is potentially fatal and warrants urgent medical intervention. We report a rare case of bilateral FNP that developed after traumatic brain injury (TBI), which we approached through an electromyographic study. A 23-year-old male patient had experienced a fall-down injury from height of 4 meters while on his military service. Computed tomography of the brain and facial bone showed acute TBI and multiple skull base fractures. Limited facial expression and dysarthria started at the time of cranioplasty, which was about 3 months after the patient’s initial presentation, and these symptoms gradually deteriorated over time. An electrodiagnostic study demonstrated incomplete bilateral facial nerve lesions, which were strongly indicated as lower motor neuron lesions. An early diagnosis based on electrodiagnostic study should be considered for proper treatment, which can achieve optimal functional recovery after bilateral FNP.
Ultrasonographic Evaluation of Ulnar Neuropathy Around the Elbow in Diabetes Mellitus
Authors: Kim Ki Hoon , Kim Dong Hwee
Published: May 2022

Objective: We evaluated the usefulness of ultrasonography for subclinical ulnar neuropathy at the elbow (UNE) in patients with diabetes.Methods: Ultrasonography of the ulnar nerve was performed on 140 limbs in 73 patients with diabetes mellitus at 8 standardized sites proximal and distal to the medial epicondyle (1-cm intervals). The ulnar nerve cross-sectional area (CSA) at each site was analysed according to the presence of electrophysiological diabetic polyneuropathy (DPN) or UNE (UNE_e).Results: Fifty-nine limbs were electrophysiologically normal, 22 limbs had UNE, 39 limbs had DPN, and 20 limbs had DPN and UNE_e. In patients without DPN, the maximal CSA, swelling ratio, and CSAs were greater in the UNE_e group than in the normal group (p < 0.01). No significant differences were noted between the DPN and DPN+UNE_e groups regarding the CSAs, maximal CSA, and swelling ratio.Conclusion: Ultrasonography of ulnar nerve swelling is helpful for diagnosing subclinical UNE in patients with diabetes.
Risk Matrix and PPP Contract Standardization, Best Practice, and Gap Analysis in Brazil
Authors: Carvalho Joana , Reyes-Tagle Gerardo
Published: May 2022

Public-private partnerships (PPPs) have been used to address the need for the implementation of huge investment programs and to bridge the infrastructure gap that exists in Latin American and Caribbean (LAC) countries. As is explained throughout this paper, under certain circumstances, PPPs represent an important tool to help governments implement their investment programs, thereby benefiting not only from private investment (which often includes foreign investment) but also from the various advantages that are typically associated with the PPP model. However, the need to secure financing for investment needs, especially in a situation of scarce public resources and fiscal constraints, should not be the only reason for choosing the PPP model. The objective of this paper is to highlight that the PPP model can be a valuable tool for undertaking public projects in an efficient and innovative manner and that it can provide more efficient and innovative public services in certain circumstances as well. In addition, when correctly used, it can generate public savings and create the fiscal space that LAC countries need to carry out their investments.
Questions of geopolitics and national ideas in the journalism of Hnat Khotkevich (for the materials of the dilogy «Two hetmans»)
Authors: Lavryk Оksana
Published: May 2022

The article attempts to outline the issues of geopolitics and the national idea in the journalistic dilogy of H. Khotkevich «Two hetmans». It is proved that the images of Bohdan Khmelnitsky and Ivan Mazepa interested the author, first of all, as carriers of a certain amount of individual psychological and individual national traits.

Khotkevich saw the failures of the Ukrainian state in the absence of an internal core (stable mono-ethnic consciousness) in Ukrainians, which led to the emergence of an inferiority complex and left a fatal imprint on the fateful actions of not only B. Khmelnytsky and I. Mazepa, but also many of their successors.

It was precisely in the absence of national stability that H. Khotkevich saw the main reason for the internal contradictions of Ukrainians, the lack of realization of their national idea, the stateless existence of the Ukrainian people.
A characteristic feature of the dilogy was H. Khotkevych’s attempt to trace the inner path of the main characters to their awareness of geopolitics and the national idea as a guarantee of the Ukrainian nation and its desire to move to the highest stage of its development.

Khotkevych first described the history of his people and the process of formation of the Ukrainian national character through relations with historically and culturally closest neighbors — Poles and Russians — as a deep psychological drama.

The concept that, according to the author’s conviction, was supposed to form a space for the national movement of the early 20th century: Ukraine is capable of independent historical development without outside support, has become a cross-cutting concept in H. Khotkevich’s worldview journalism.