bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Vascular Calcification in Chronic Kidney Disease: The Role of Inflammation
Authors: Benz Kerstin , Hilgers Karl-Friedrich , Daniel Christoph , Amann Kerstin
Published: August 2018

Cardiovascular complications are extremely frequent in patients with chronic kidney disease (CKD) and death from cardiac causes is the most common cause of death in this particular population. Cardiovascular disease is approximately 3 times more frequent in patients with CKD than in other known cardiovascular risk groups and cardiovascular mortality is approximately 10-fold more frequent in patients on dialysis compared to the age- and sex-matched segments of the nonrenal population. Among other structural and functional factors advanced calcification of atherosclerotic plaques as well as of the arterial and venous media has been described as potentially relevant for this high cardiovascular morbidity and mortality. One potential explanation for this exceedingly high vascular calcification in animal models as well as in patients with CKD increased systemic and most importantly local (micro)inflammation that has been shown to favor the development of calcifying particles by multiple ways. Of note, local vascular upregulation of proinflammatory and proosteogenic molecules is already present at early stages of CKD and may thus be operative for vascular calcification. In addition, increased expression of costimulatory molecules and mast cells has also been documented in patients with CKD pointing to a more inflammatory and potentially less stable phenotype of coronary atherosclerotic plaques in CKD.
Fluorescein Leakage within Recent Subretinal Hemorrhage in Pathologic Myopia: Suggestive of CNV?
Authors: Mi Lan , Zuo Chengguo , Zhang Xiongze , Liu Bing , Peng Yuting , Wen Feng
Published: August 2018

Purpose. To determine whether fluorescein leakage within subretinal hemorrhage is definitely suggestive of choroidal neovascularization (CNV) by multimodal imaging including optical coherence tomography angiography (OCTA). Methods. Twenty-five consecutive highly myopic patients (25 eyes) with fluorescein leakage within subretinal hemorrhage detected within 1 month were prospectively included. All patients underwent OCTA and spectral-domain optical coherence tomography (SD-OCT). The OCTA and SD-OCT findings at the site of fluorescein leakage were analyzed. In cases of a doubtful diagnosis, indocyanine green angiography (ICGA) was also performed to differentiate myopic CNV from lacquer crack if necessary; all patients were followed up by SD-OCT and/or OCTA for at least 2 weeks. Results. In terms of the site of fluorescein leakage, OCTA revealed an abnormal vascular network in the outer retina and a choriocapillaris slab in 22 out of 25 eyes (88%), which were confirmed to be CNV. However, no high-flow signal was observed in 3 of 25 eyes (12%). In these 3 cases, SD-OCT showed a focal rupture of the retinal pigment epithelium-Bruch’s membrane-choriocapillaris (RPE-BM-CC) complex and a columnar hyperreflective signal of blood originating from defects with a volcanic geyser-like appearance, and no exudative signs were detected. Notably, all ruptures of the RPE-BM-CC complex were located exactly at lacquer crack sites. Moreover, with the absorption of subretinal hemorrhage, ruptures of the RPE-BM-CC complex spontaneously resolved without any intervention. Considering the multimodal imaging appearance and follow-up outcomes, these 3 eyes were eventually diagnosed as simple bleeding associated with lacquer cracks. Conclusions. Dye leakage within recent subretinal hemorrhage on FA could be caused by new-onset lacquer cracks in pathologic myopia. Multimodal imaging including OCTA is helpful to differentiate lacquer cracks from myopic CNV.
An NMR‐Based Experimental Study on the Pore Structure of the Hydration Process of Mine Filling Slurry
Authors: Li Jielin , Liu Hanwen , Ai Kaiming , Zhu Longyin
Published: August 2018

To study the evolution of porosity in the process of filling slurry hydration, samples of tailing filling with different mixing ratios and different curing ages were prepared, and the pore structure was tested by low‐field nuclear magnetic resonance (LF‐NMR). According to the T2 spectrum distribution curve and T2 spectrum area of the filling slurry hydration process, the porosity and the evolution of the pore distribution features of the filling samples were analysed. The results showed that the higher the mass concentration of the filling slurry, the slower the hydration reaction, the smaller the average size of the pores, the higher the proportion occupied by harmful pores, and the lower the proportion occupied by multiharmful pores. The smaller the cement‐sand ratio of the slurry, the higher the proportion occupied by harmful pores and the larger the aperture of the pores. The porosity of the filling slurry with the cement‐sand ratio of 1 : 8 is the highest, and the hydration velocity of the filling slurry with the cement‐sand ratio of 1 : 3 is the fastest.
Rectal Cancer: Redox State of Venous Blood and Tissues of Blood Vessels from Electron Paramagnetic Resonance and Its Correlation with the Five-Year Survival
Authors: Burlaka A. P. , Vovk A. V. , Burlaka A. A. , Gafurov M. R. , Iskhakova K. B. , Lukin S. N.
Published: August 2018

A role of pro- and antioxidants for reducing rectal cancer (RC) incidence in operative, preoperative, and postoperative treatments is still disputable and controversial. The redox state of venous blood and tissues of blood vessels of 60 patients with RC (T2-4N0-2M0G2) and 20 donors is studied by means of the conventional and spin-trapping electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR). The intensity of the signals from ceruloplasmin (CP), transferrin (TF), and labile iron pool (LIP) at temperature T = 77 K as well as superoxide generation rate and nitric oxide (NO) levels at T = 300 K is measured. The reduced CP and TF activity and decreased NO levels increased LIP levels and superoxide-generating rates are detected in blood species. Correlation analysis for the five-year survival rate as a function of the extracted values is done. The results show that the intensities of the corresponding EPR signals from the “native” and “trapped” paramagnetic centers can be potentially used for the understanding of the molecular mechanisms underlying the RC progression and treatment.
Remote Ischemic Preconditioning Ameliorates Acute Kidney Injury due to Contrast Exposure in Rats through Augmented O‐GlcNAcylation
Authors: Hu Jiachang , Wang Yimei , Zhao Shuan , Chen Jing , Jin Shi , Jia Ping , Ding Xiaoqiang
Published: August 2018

Remote ischemic preconditioning (RIPC) is an adaptive response, manifesting when local short‐term ischemic preconditioning reduces damage to adjacent or distant tissues or organs. O‐linked β‐N‐acetylglucosamine (O‐GlcNAc) glycosylation of intracellular proteins denotes a type of posttranslational modification that influences multiple cytoplasmic and nuclear protein functions. Growing evidence indicates that stress can induce an acute increase in O‐GlcNAc levels, which can be cytoprotective. The current study aimed to determine whether RIPC can provide renoprotection against contrast‐induced acute kidney injury (CI‐AKI) by augmenting O‐GlcNAc signaling. We established a stable model of CI‐AKI using 5/6 nephrectomized rats exposed to dehydration followed by iohexol injection via the tail vein. We found that RIPC increased UDP‐GlcNAc levels through the hexosamine biosynthetic pathway as well as global renal O‐GlcNAcylation. RIPC‐induced elevation of O‐GlcNAc signaling ameliorated CI‐AKI based on the presence of less tubular damage and apoptosis and the amount of reactive oxygen species. In addition, the use of alloxan, an O‐GlcNAc transferase inhibitor, and azaserine, a glutamine fructose‐6‐phosphate amidotransferase inhibitor, neutralized the protective effect of RIPC against oxidative stress and tubular apoptosis. In conclusion, RIPC attenuates local oxidative stress and tubular apoptosis induced by contrast exposure by enhancing O‐GlcNAc glycosylation levels; this can be a potentially useful approach for lowering the risk of CI‐AKI.
Traumatic Retropharyngeal Hematoma in a Patient Taking Clopidogrel
Authors: Betten David P. , Jaquint Jennifer L.
Published: August 2018

The development of a retropharyngeal hematoma may lead to acute airway compromise requiring emergent airway stabilization. We describe the development of a retropharyngeal hematoma in an elderly woman who sustained a fall from standing approximately 10 hours prior to symptom onset who was taking the antiplatelet agents clopidogrel and aspirin. This delayed onset of rapid airway compromise secondary to a retropharyngeal hematoma following a fall in a patient taking clopidogrel is an unusual and potentially life threatening event.
Improved Construction for Inner Product Functional Encryption
Authors: Zhao Qingsong , Zeng Qingkai , Liu Ximeng
Published: August 2018

Functional encryption (FE) is a vast new paradigm for encryption scheme which allows tremendous flexibility in accessing encrypted data. In a FE scheme, a user can learn specific function of encrypted messages by restricted functional key and reveals nothing else about the messages. Besides the standard notion of data privacy in FE, it should protect the privacy of the function itself which is also crucial for practical applications. In this paper, we construct a secret key FE scheme for the inner product functionality using asymmetric bilinear pairing groups of prime order. Compared with the existing similar schemes, our construction reduces both necessary storage and computational complexity by a factor of 2 or more. It achieves simulation-based security, security strength which is higher than that of indistinguishability-based security, against adversaries who get hold of an unbounded number of ciphertext queries and adaptive secret key queries under the External Decisional Linear (XDLIN) assumption in the standard model. In addition, we implement the secret key inner product scheme and compare the performance with the similar schemes.
Maxillary Sinus Floor Augmentation to Enable One-Stage Implant Placement by Using Bovine Bone Substitute and Platelet-Rich Fibrin
Authors: Barbu Horia Mihail , Andreescu Claudia Florina , Comaneanu Monica Raluca , Referendaru Daniel , Mijiritsky Eitan
Published: August 2018

Nowadays it is possible to perform an optimal implant placement and to achieve a good long-term prognosis for an implant-borne prosthesis in the grafted posterior maxilla. This study evaluates the efficiency of one-stage piezosurgery by using as graft material a combination of particulate bovine bone substitutes with platelet-rich fibrin to achieve sinus lift. We included in this study 14 cases of one-stage sinus lift surgeries during which we placed 30 standard implants. The mean vertical bone height gain was 10.12 mm six months after surgery, and the mean postoperative follow-up time was 43.79 months. There were no major complications during or after surgery, and all implants are in use. Therefore, it can be concluded that one-stage sinus piezosurgery using particulate bovine bone substitutes and platelet-rich fibrin can be applied as a predictable and effective technique in the treatment of the posterior edentulous maxilla ensuring 4-5 mm vertical bone height.
Orchestration and Control in Software‐Defined 5G Networks: Research Challenges
Authors: Nencioni Gianfranco , Garroppo Rosario G. , Gonzalez Andres J. , Helvik Bjarne E. , Procissi Gregorio
Published: August 2018

The fifth generation (5G) of cellular networks promises to be a major step in the evolution of wireless technology. 5G is planned to be used in a very broad set of application scenarios. These scenarios have strict heterogeneous requirements that will be accomplished by enhancements on the radio access network and a collection of innovative wireless technologies. Softwarization technologies, such as Software‐Defined Networking (SDN) and Network Function Virtualization (NFV), will play a key role in integrating these different technologies. Network slicing emerges as a cost‐efficient solution for the implementation of the diverse 5G requirements and verticals. The 5G radio access and core networks will be based on a SDN/NFV infrastructure, which will be able to orchestrate the resources and control the network in order to efficiently and flexibly and with scalability provide network services. In this paper, we present the up‐to‐date status of the software‐defined 5G radio access and core networks and a broad range of future research challenges on the orchestration and control aspects.
AN‐Aided Transmit Beamforming Design for Secured Cognitive Radio Networks with SWIPT
Authors: Ge Weili , Zhu Zhengyu , Wang Zhongyong , Yuan Zhengdao
Published: August 2018

We investigate multiple‐input single‐output secured cognitive radio networks relying on simultaneous wireless information and power transfer (SWIPT), where a multiantenna secondary transmitter sends confidential information to multiple single‐antenna secondary users (SUs) in the presence of multiple single‐antenna primary users (PUs) and multiple energy‐harvesting receivers (ERs). In order to improve the security of secondary networks, we use the artificial noise (AN) to mask the transmit beamforming. Optimization design of AN‐aided transmit beamforming is studied, where the transmit power of the information signal is minimized subject to the secrecy rate constraint, the harvested energy constraint, and the total transmit power. Based on a successive convex approximation (SCA) method, we propose an iterative algorithm which reformulates the original problem as a convex problem under the perfect channel state information (CSI) case. Also, we give the convergence of the SCA‐based iterative algorithm. In addition, we extend the original problem to the imperfect CSI case with deterministic channel uncertainties. Then, we study the robust design problem for the case with norm‐bounded channel errors. Also, a robust SCA‐based iterative algorithm is proposed by adopting the ‐Procedure. Simulation results are presented to validate the performance of the proposed algorithms.
Case Report of a Massive Thigh Hematoma after Adductor Canal Block in a Morbidly Obese Woman Anticoagulated with Apixaban
Authors: Koniuch Katherine L. , Harris Bradley , Buys Michael J. , Meier Adam W.
Published: August 2018

Hematoma formation after peripheral nerve block placement is a rare event. We report a case of a morbidly obese patient who was anticoagulated with apixaban and developed a massive thigh hematoma after an ultrasound-guided adductor canal block. Despite continuous visualization of the block needle, an unrecognized vascular injury occurred leading to a 14-cm hematoma in the anterolateral thigh. Morbid obesity warrants additional risk consideration when placing nerve blocks in an anticoagulated patient. In addition, early recognition and expert consultation are both important in the management of block-related hematomas.
Modeling and Dynamic Analysis in a Hybrid Stochastic Bioeconomic System with Double Time Delays and Lévy Jumps
Authors: Liu Chao , Yu Longfei , Wang Luping
Published: August 2018

A double delayed hybrid stochastic prey‐predator bioeconomic system with Lévy jumps is established and analyzed, where commercial harvesting on prey and environmental stochasticity on population dynamics are considered. Two discrete time delays are utilized to represent the maturation delay of prey and gestation delay of predator, respectively. For a deterministic system, positivity of solutions and uniform persistence of system are discussed. Some sufficient conditions associated with double time delays are derived to discuss asymptotic stability of interior equilibrium. For a stochastic system, existence and uniqueness of a global positive solution are studied. By using the invariant measure theory and singular boundary theory of diffusion process, existence of stochastic Hopf bifurcation and stochastic stability are investigated. By constructing appropriate Lyapunov functions, asymptotic dynamic behavior of the proposed hybrid stochastic system with double time delays and Lévy jumps is discussed. Numerical simulations are provided to show consistency with theoretical analysis.
Corrosion Crack Nucleation Mechanism in the Welded Structures of X65 Steel in Natural Seawater
Authors: Bai Linyue , Gao Lei , Jiang Kebin
Published: August 2018

The nucleation mechanism of corrosion cracks in welded structures in natural seawater has been revealed through investigation on the corrosion behavior of X65‐welded structures in natural seawater. The evolution laws of surface corrosion morphology, residual stress, and areas of welded structures with the most serious corrosion damage were analyzed by microstructure observation, corrosion morphology observation, residual stress detection, and magnetic field detection. The results show that the main factors of determining surface corrosion morphology evolution law of welded structures are microstructures of the weld joint, heat‐affected zone (HAZ), and the fusion line. Due to the difference of corrosion rates between the weld joint, HAZ, and the coarse Widmänstatten structure in fusion line, the fusion line of welded structures receives the most serious damage while being corroded. Meanwhile, mutual reinforcement of residual stress and corrosion damage on the surface of welded structures further accelerate the nucleation of corrosion cracks. Under the influences of microstructure, residual stress, and corrosion, corrosion cracks that are parallel to weld joints generate first in the fusion line of welded structures. Therefore, it makes welded structures the source of marine steel structures’ corrosion failure.
Graft Survival after Penetrating Keratoplasty in Cases of Trabeculectomy versus Ahmed Valve Implant
Authors: Elhofi Abdelhamid , Helaly Hany Ahmed
Published: August 2018

Purpose. To compare the corneal graft survival rates after penetrating keratoplasty (PKP) in cases of post-PKP glaucoma managed by either trabeculectomy with mitomycin C or Ahmed glaucoma valve (AGV).Methods. This study was a retrospective interventional comparative study that included 40 eyes of 40 patients. The included patients had undergone previous PKP for anterior segment reconstruction after microbial or fungal keratitis, chemical burns, trauma, or perforated corneal ulcer. Post-PKP glaucoma was managed surgically by either trabeculectomy with mitomycin C (group 1) or Ahmed glaucoma valve (group 2).Results. The first groupn=20had undergone trabeculectomy with MMC, and the second groupn=20had undergone AGV implantation. Regarding BCVA, there was no statistically significant difference between the 2 groups. Mean IOP was significantly lower in the AGV group at 6 months, 12 months, and 24 monthsp=0.001. Mean IOP at 24 months dropped significantly from preglaucoma surgery levels in both groupsp=0.001. Rejection episodes occurred in 2 eyes (10%) of the trabeculectomy group versus 8 eyes (40%) in the AGV groupp=0.028. In the trabeculectomy group, corneal graft failure occurred in 1 (5%), 3 (15%), and 6 (30%) eyes at 6 months, 12 months, and 24 months, respectively. In the AGV group, corneal graft failure occurred in 2 (10%), 5 (25%), and 10 (50%) eyes at 6 months, 12 months, and 24 months, respectively. The mean time to failure in the trabeculectomy group was 12.33 ± 5.60 months versus 11.90 ± 5.70 months in the AGV groupp=0.027.Conclusion. Managing postpenetrating keratoplasty glaucoma could be bothersome especially in complex cases. Ahmed glaucoma valve implant controls the intraocular pressure more effectively than trabeculectomy with mitomycin C. However, Ahmed glaucoma valve can result in higher rates of corneal graft failure in a shorter duration of time. This trial is registered withPACTR201712002861391on 21 Dec 2017.
Entire Process Simulation of Corrosion due to the Ingress of Chloride Ions and CO2 in Concrete
Authors: Zhu Xingji , Meng Zhaozheng , Liu Yang , Xu Longjun , Chen Zaixian
Published: August 2018

A comprehensive mathematical model which can simulate the entire corrosion process of reinforcement in concrete is proposed in this paper. The combined effect of carbonation and chloride ingress is also discussed in the mass transport module. Nonuniform corrosion distribution is employed for the study of mechanical damage in concrete. The link of ABAQUS with MATLAB is adopted for the numerical implementation of the developed model. The numerical results of an illustrative example indicate that the depassivation time of reinforcement, corrosion rate and expansion displacement, and cracking pattern of concrete all can be accurately predicted.
Paclitaxel Reduces Tumor Growth by Reprogramming Tumor-Associated Macrophages to an M1 Profile in a TLR4-Dependent Manner
Authors: Wanderley Carlos W. , Colón David F. , Luiz João Paulo M. , Oliveira Francisco F. , Viacava Paula R. , Leite Caio A. , Pereira Janaina A. , Silva Camila M. , Silva Cassia R. , Silva Rangel L. , Speck-Hernandez Cesar A. , Mota José M. , Alves-Filho José C. , Lima-Junior Roberto C. , Cunha Thiago M. , Cunha Fernando Q.
Published: August 2018

Paclitaxel is an antineoplastic agent widely used to treat several solid tumor types. The primary mechanism of action of paclitaxel is based on microtubule stabilization inducing cell-cycle arrest. Here, we use several tumor models to show that paclitaxel not only induces tumor cell-cycle arrest, but also promotes antitumor immunity. In vitro, paclitaxel reprogrammed M2-polarized macrophages to the M1-like phenotype in a TLR4-dependent manner, similarly to LPS. Paclitaxel also modulated the tumor-associated macrophage (TAM) profile in mouse models of breast and melanoma tumors; gene expression analysis showed that paclitaxel altered the M2-like signature of TAMs toward an M1-like profile. In mice selectively lacking TLR4 on myeloid cells, for example, macrophages (LysM-Cre+/−/TLR4fl/fl), the antitumor effect of paclitaxel was attenuated. Gene expression analysis of tumor samples from patients with ovarian cancer before and after treatment with paclitaxel detected an enrichment of genes linked to the M1 macrophage activation profile (IFNγ-stimulated macrophages). These findings indicate that paclitaxel skews TAMs toward an immunocompetent profile via TLR4, which might contribute to the antitumor effect of paclitaxel and provide a rationale for new combination regimens comprising paclitaxel and immunotherapies as an anticancer treatment.

Significance: This study provides new evidence that the antitumor effect of paclitaxel occurs in part via reactivation of the immune response against cancer, guiding tumor-associated macrophages toward the M1-like antitumor phenotype.

Graphical Abstract: http://cancerres.aacrjournals.org/content/canres/78/20/5891/F1.large.jpg. Cancer Res; 78(20); 5891–900. ©2018 AACR.

See related commentary by Garassino et al., p. 5729
Phylogenetic and morphological characterization of Byssosphaeria macarangae sp. nov., and B. taiwanense sp. nov. from Macaranga tanarius
Authors: TENNAKOON DANUSHKA SANDARUWAN , JEEWON RAJESH , KUO CHANG HSIN , HYDE KEVIN DAVID
Published: August 2018

Byssosphaeria species were collected from Macaranga tanarius (Euphorbiaceae) in Shihnong forest area in Chiayi, Taiwan and subjected to morphological examination and DNA sequence analyses. Two new taxa, Byssosphaeria macarangae sp. nov and B. taiwanense sp. nov are herein described. Both species can be distinguished from other Byssosphaeria species based on distinct size differences in asci, ascospores and DNA sequence data. Detailed descriptions, micrographs and phylogenetic data of the new species are provided.
Prosopanche panguanensis (Aristolochiaceae), a new species from central Peru
Authors: MARTEL CARLOS , FERNANDEZ-HILARIO ROBIN , TELLO JUAN ANDRÉ , ARTEAGA ROBERT G , GERLACH GÜNTER
Published: August 2018

Prosopanche panguanensis, from the Peruvian lowland rain forest, is proposed as a new species. The species is similar to Prosopanche costaricensis but differs with solitary flowers (vs. flowers in fascicles), a perigonial tube prolonged above the insertion point of the synandrium (vs. perigonial tube not prolonged), and staminodes cucullate and sessile (vs. bilobed in the apex). A description, illustrations, pictures of live specimens, and information about its habitat and distribution are given. An account on Prosopanche specimens recorded from Peru and their identity is also provided.
Pinnularia subcatenaborealis sp. nov. (Bacillariophyta) a new chain-forming diatom species from King George Island (Maritime Antarctica)
Authors: KOCHMAN-KĘDZIORA NATALIA , PINSEEL EVELINE , RYBAK MATEUSZ , NOGA TERESA , OLECH MARIA , VAN DE VIJVER BART
Published: August 2018

During a survey conducted on the freshwater diatom flora of small shallow pools on the Ecology Glacier forefield (King George Island, Maritime Antarctic Region), an unknown spine-bearing chain-forming Pinnularia species, belonging to the Pinnularia borealis species complex, was found. Although it closely resembles the recently described Pinnularia catenaborealis from James Ross Island and Vega Island (Antarctic Peninsula), a unique set of morphological characteristics revealed in both light and scanning electron microscopy clearly discriminates the specimens of King George Island as a new species. Pinnularia subcatenaborealis Kochman-Kędziora, Pinseel & Van de Vijver sp. nov. can be distinguished from P. catenaborealis by an overall smaller valve size, the presence of irregularly formed silica outgrowths on the mantle and small, irregular plates located near the apices. The new taxon is so far only recorded from a small pool with circumneutral pH and very low conductivity.
Workshop Classes in New Bedford
Authors: Sweeney Ellen C.
Published: August 2018

Special provision for elementary pupils of retarded development has resulted in greater self-confidence, self-direct ion and self-discipline.
Getting Lost in Machinery
Authors: Myers Garry Cleveland
Published: August 2018

Less emphasis on mechanisms and methods, more attention to the mental processes and feelings of the learner, are urged by Dr. Myers. He has some pertinent things to say about unscientific research and dreaded supervision.
High School Faculty Conferences
Authors: Perkins Everett V.
Published: August 2018

How to convert the frequently dreaded teachers' meeting into a pleasant and profitable occasion is helpfully considered in this article. A suggested program for an entire school year is outlined.
Character Education of Problem Boys
Authors: Moore Homer Kenton
Published: August 2018

Dr. Moore here notes the results of his experience with truants and “incorrigibles.”
To Mark or Not to Mark?
Authors: Norsted Boy A.
Published: August 2018

29 conclusions based on a study of current opinion with regard to marking systems.
Jumbled Thought-Patterns
Authors: Foley Louis
Published: August 2018

Often what we call “bad grammar” is caused by bad—that is, confused thinking.
Interreligious relations and governance of religion in Europe: Introduction
Authors: Griera Mar , Nagel Alexander-Kenneth
Published: August 2018

In recent years, the growth and expansion of interreligious initiatives have received increasing scholarly attention worldwide, and interreligious actors and repertoires are gaining relevance within emerging governance regimes of religious diversity in Europe and beyond. However, empirical research in this field is still very limited. With the aim to fill this gap, this special issue gathers four original contributions aimed at critically describing, understanding and reflecting upon the rise of the ‘interreligious sector’ and its growing relevance to the governance of religious diversity in contemporary Europe.
Mutating faces of the state? Austerity, migration and faith-based volunteers in a UK downscaled urban context
Authors: Humphris Rachel
Published: August 2018

This article explores how austerity combined with the UK Government’s expressed aim of creating a hostile environment, reshaped policy and practice towards new migrants in a downscaled urban area. There is an assumption that volunteers come to govern in zones the state has ceded or abandoned. However, how volunteers come to undertake these roles, their discretionary power and the consequences for state theory have not been fully explored. Drawing on 73 interviews with local state actors and volunteers and in-depth participant observation over 14 months with more than 200 new migrants, this article argues volunteers become the ‘face of the state’ for new migrants with direct effects. Volunteers have wide discretionary power and negotiate uncertainty by falling back on religious values and local narratives of migration forging new practices of governance. This article makes two contributions to theorising the state. First, the economic position of a city and narratives of place shapes who gains legal status and state membership, adding to literature on the relationship between civil society and the state in neoliberal contexts. Second, seemingly mundane actions and intimate relations have immediate implications for political membership. This represents a system of governance that relies on assessments of behaviours in new migrants’ everyday lives rather than rights or entitlements. This article unpacks these assessments and explores the consequences for volunteers and new migrants alike.
Growing Consumers through Production and Play: A Phenomenological Exploration of Food Growing in the School Foodscape
Authors: Surman Emma , Hamilton Lindsay
Published: August 2018

This article adopts a phenomenological perspective to illustrate how gardens become important spaces where children informally encounter, produce, consume and learn about food. We extend the theoretical concept of the ‘foodscape’ by applying it to both childhood production and consumption and, drawing on qualitative insights from two UK school gardening clubs, show why bodily and sensory phenomena are central to unlocking the potential for foodscapes as learning environments. We highlight how sensory engagement with ‘mess’ and ‘dirt’ normally dissociated from food retail and service enhances the agentic capacity of children as growers and consumers. Our central contribution to the sociology of food is to advance the argument that sensory learning is vital if children are to successfully negotiate between abstract and experiential awareness of the taste and source of myriad consumables, something which currently exacerbates the culture of anxiety and mistrust in contemporary food consumption.
Frequent relapses in a child with nephrotic syndrome due to PLEVA
Authors: Deepthi Bobbity , Goyal Samridhi , Dhull Rachita Singh , Rai Preeti , Saha Abhijeet
Published: August 2018

A seven-year-old boy with nephrotic syndrome presented with a frequent rash along with relapse of nephrotic syndrome. Clinical and histological features were suggestive of pityriasis lichenoides et varioliformis acuta (PLEVA). Treatment of the condition with doxycycline led to the cure of the lesions as well as the relapses.
Latent variable modeling approach for fault detection and identification of process correlations
Authors: Jiang Benben , Zhu Xiaoxiang
Published: August 2018

Techniques for monitoring process correlation structures remain to be explored, whereas significant progress has already been achieved on the monitoring of process variables. In particular, typical methods for monitoring correlation structure changes are strictly based on the process information described by the covariance matrix, and lack the ability to effectively monitor underlying structure changes. In this paper, a new approach for fault detection and identification (FDI) of process structural changes is developed, which utilizes the regression technique of latent variable modeling (LVM) to abstract principal parameters as lower-dimensional representations of the parameters in the entire dimensionality. Apart from the enhanced performance of handling the underlying connective structure information, the proposed approach can also improve fault monitoring performance owing to the more accurate confidence intervals of the regression coefficients provided in the LVM step. The effectiveness of the proposed method for the detection and identification of correlation structure changes is demonstrated for both single faults and multiple faults in the simulation studies. In addition, the relationship between the FDI of process variables and correlation structures is discussed.
Photovoltaic tied unified power quality conditioner topology based on a novel notch filter utilized control algorithm for power quality improvement
Authors: Dash Santanu Kumar , Ray Pravat Kumar
Published: August 2018

Nonlinear loads and grid side disturbances in the power distribution network cause harmonic rich currents and voltage perturbations such as voltage harmonics, voltage sags and voltage swells. The unified power quality conditioner (UPQC) with shunt inverter and series inverter are usually employed for elimination of current and voltage related power quality issues. However, elimination of voltage and current quality issues in a grid connected Photovoltaic (PV) system is essential. Therefore, PV integrated UPQC topology is proposed in this paper with a novel controller for power quality improvement. The control algorithm based on notch filter Phase Locked Loop (PLL) is utilized for proper phase detection and elimination of voltage and current disturbances. PV tied UPQC controller based on notch filter PLL has the capability to avoid multiple zero crossing during highly distorted grid voltage condition. Conventional control algorithms such as synchronous reference frame theory, unit vector controller based on traditional PLL are also analyzed for the control of PV tied UPQC. The proposed system is developed in Matlab/Simulink and the results obtained are evaluated to measure the performance. A real-time hardware prototype is developed using dSPACE processor. The obtained experimental results validate the efficiency of the proposed controller for PV tied UPQC.
Hand-in-Hand Combat: Affectionate Touch Promotes Relational Well-Being and Buffers Stress During Conflict
Authors: Jakubiak Brett K. , Feeney Brooke C.
Published: August 2018

Relational conflict has a considerable impact on relational and personal well-being, but whether that impact is positive or negative depends on how the conflict is managed. Individuals struggle to have constructive conflicts that protect their relationships and avoid excess stress, which can lead to declines in relationship quality over time. The current set of experiments tested whether a brief touch intervention would promote relational well-being and prevent stress during couple conflict discussions. Results indicated that engaging in touch prior to and during conflict was effective to improve couple-members’ conflict behavior and to buffer stress in real (Experiment 1) and imagined (Experiments 2a and 2b) contexts. The results of these experiments suggest that touch may be a simple yet effective intervention for improving couple conflict discussions. In addition, we provide initial evidence that enhanced state security and cognitive interdependence serve as mechanisms underlying these effects.
Service Location Optimization Model for Improving Rural Emergency Medical Services
Authors: He Zhaoxiang , Qin Xiao , Xie Yuanchang , Guo Jianhua
Published: August 2018

Approximately 35,000 fatalities are attributed to accidents on U.S. highways each year and more than half of them occurred in rural areas. With such a high percentage of fatalities, rural areas are in critical need of timely and reliable Emergency Medical Services (EMS). EMS provide important prehospital care to victims before they are transferred to a hospital. After an accident occurs, the time it takes for victims to receive care from EMS is crucial to their survival. Compared with urban EMS, rural EMS face multiple challenges. One of them is how to properly site EMS stations to provide cost-effective services in rural areas. The goals of this paper include analyzing the spatial patterns of EMS station and incident locations, and optimizing rural EMS station locations. The data were collected from South Dakota, a rural state. This dataset was used to perform spatial analysis and to develop and evaluate an EMS location optimization model. The location optimization model aims to maximize the rural EMS coverage while taking service equity into consideration. The model was solved by a genetic algorithm toolbox in R. The proposed model provides an important and practical tool for rural EMS officials to select new EMS stations or relocate existing stations to improve service performance under budget and resource constraints.
Investigation and development of friction stir welding process for unreinforced polyphenylene sulfide and reinforced polyetheretherketone
Authors: Ahmed Hossain , van Tooren MJL , Justice Jonathan , Harik Ramy , Kidane Addis , Reynolds AP
Published: August 2018

The joining of thermoplastics through welding offers numerous advantages over mechanical joining. Most importantly, it eliminates the use of costly fasteners and has only a limited effect on the strength of the parts being joined. Since it does not require the introduction of holes, loading pins, and the associated stress concentrations, a specific form of welding, friction stir welding (FSW), was investigated for the creation of butt joints of unreinforced polyphenylene sulfide (PPS) and short carbon fiber (CF)-reinforced polyetheretherketone (PEEK) plates. Unlike metals, analytical models and experimental results show that the heat generated by the FSW tool is insufficient to produce the heat required to weld thermoplastic materials. Therefore, a second heat source is required for preheating these thermoplastics. In this research, a resistance type surface heater was placed at the bottom of two identical weld pieces to produce good quality welds. Two types of shoulder design such as rotating shoulder and stationary shoulder were developed in this study. Taguchi’s design of experiment method was utilized to develop the welding process, where heating duration, material temperature, tool rotational speed, and tool traverse speed were used as the welding parameters. One of the process parameters, tool traverse speed, had significant influence on the tensile strength of PPS samples. While PPS sample showed relatively lower tensile strength with higher traverse speed, short CF-reinforced PEEK samples had higher tensile strength with a higher traverse speed. In addition to tensile tests, fracture toughness tests were performed for both PPS and PEEK samples to observe the influence of unwelded segments in the welded parts. In this study, joint efficiency of PEEK samples was found to be higher than that of PPS samples. Micrographs of PEEK samples showed uniform homogenous mixture of part materials.
CQ: Creativity quotient for climates, attitudes, and thinking skills with eye-tracking
Authors: Kim Kyung H , Lee Ji S
Published: August 2018

This article examined a new creativity test designed for engineers, CQ: Creativity Quotient for Climates, Attitudes, and Thinking skills with Eye-Tracking. The creativity quotient expanded and enhanced both the figural and verbal Torrance Tests of Creative Thinking skills. Creativity quotient added new, more comprehensive measures of creative climates, attitudes, and thinking skills that comprise Kim’s creative climates, attitudes, and thinking skills model of creativity. Additionally, its patented online eye-tracking technology assesses test-takers’ creative-attitude and thinking-skill tendencies by tracking the changes in test-takers’ pupil diameters, eye-blink frequency, micro-saccade rates, fixation durations or curves, and smooth-pursuit movements. Finally, the creativity quotient assesses creative thinking skills using pattern-recognition technology to instantly and objectively analyze and score test-takers’ drawings, which previously required trained human scorers. Upon completion of the creativity quotient, test-takers receive a detailed, comprehensive, itemized report about the strengths and weaknesses of their climates, attitudes, and thinking skills along with individualized advice on how to enhance their creativity to achieve an innovation.
A modified couple stress theory for buckling analysis of higher order inhomogeneous microbeams with porosities
Authors: Ebrahimi Farzad , Mahmoodi Fateme
Published: August 2018

In this paper, buckling behavior of a higher order functionally graded microbeam with porosities is investigated based on the modified couple stress theory and the exact position of the neutral axis. Porosities are evenly and unevenly distributed inside the functionally graded microbeam. Material properties of the functionally graded microbeam are assumed to vary in the thickness direction through a modified form of power-law distribution in which the volume fraction of porosities is considered. The governing equations are derived by using Hamilton's principle and an analytical method is employed to solve these equations for various boundary conditions. The present formulation and numerical results demonstrate a good agreement with some available cases in the literature. Influences of several important parameters such as power-law exponent, porosity distributions, porosity volume fraction, slenderness ratio, and various boundary conditions on buckling loads of porous functionally graded microbeams are investigated and discussed in detail.
Boundary layer suction for high-speed air intakes: A review
Authors: Sepahi-Younsi Javad , Forouzi Feshalami Behzad , Maadi Seyed Reza , Soltani Mohammad Reza
Published: August 2018

The paper summarizes recent developments in boundary layer suction for high-speed air intakes. Bleed has been efficiently used in supersonic and hypersonic intakes for three primary reasons: to improve the performance of the intake, to reduce the starting Mach number of the intake, and to postpone the onset of buzz oscillations. A bleed system has many characteristics such as the bleed entrance and exit areas, bleed entrance slant angle and position, and bleed type (slot or porous and ram-scoop or flush). Each of these parameters has significant impacts on the intake performance and stability that have been reviewed in this study. In addition, the effectiveness of other flow control methods has been compared with the bleed method.
A History of the Mind and Mental Health in Classical Greek Medical Thought
Authors: Thumiger Chiara
Published: August 2018

This book on ancient medicine offers a unique resource for historians of medicine, historians of psychology, and classicists – and also cultural historians and historians of art. The Hippocratic texts and other contemporary medical sources have often been overlooked when it comes to their approaches to psychology, which are considered more mechanical and less elaborated than contemporary poetic and philosophical representations, but also than later medical works, notably Galenic. This book aims to do justice to early medical accounts by illustrating their richness and sophistication, their links with contemporary cultural products, and the indebtedness of later medicine to their observations. The ancient sources are read not only as archaeological documents, but also in the light of methodological discussions that are fundamental in the history of psychiatry and the history of psychology.
Doing Psychological Science by Hand
Authors: Freeman Jonathan B.
Published: August 2018

Over the past decade, mouse tracking in choice tasks has become a popular method across psychological science. This method exploits hand movements as a measure of multiple response activations that can be tracked continuously over hundreds of milliseconds. Whereas early mouse-tracking research focused on specific debates, researchers have realized that the methodology has far broader theoretical value. This more recent work demonstrates that mouse tracking is a widely applicable measure across the field, capable of exposing the microstructure of real-time decisions, including their component processes and millisecond-resolution time course, in ways that inform theory. In this article, recent advances in the mouse-tracking approach are described, and comparisons with the gold standard measure of reaction time and other temporally sensitive methodologies are provided. Future directions, including mapping to neural representations with brain imaging and ways to improve our theoretical understanding of mouse-tracking methodology, are discussed.
Book Review: Meeta Deka, Women’s Agency and Social Change: Assam and Beyond
Authors: Haripriya Soibam
Published: August 2018

Meeta Deka, Women’s Agency and Social Change: Assam and Beyond. Delhi: SAGE Publications, 2013, 200 pages, ₹650. ISBN 978-81-321-1138-2.
Book Review: Shannon Mattern, Code + Clay … Data + Dirt: Five Thousand Years of Urban Media
Authors: Mukherjee Debashree
Published: August 2018

Shannon Mattern, Code + Clay … Data + Dirt: Five Thousand Years of Urban Media. Minneapolis, MN and London: University of Minnesota Press, 2017, pp. 280, USD27, ISBN 978-1-5179-0244-5.
Cultivating Compassion: The Practice Experience of a Medical Assistance in Dying Coordinator in Canada
Authors: Beuthin Rosanne
Published: August 2018

Accessing medical assistance in dying (MAiD) became legal in Canada in June, 2016. This marks a unique time in our history, as eligible persons can now opt for an assisted death and health care professionals can be involved without criminal repercussion. I used an autoethnographic approach to explore and describe my experience of implementing and coordinating a new MAiD program in a local health authority. Part I is a self-reflexive narrative based on journal entries about my immersion in this practice role over a 6 month period. In Part II, I share five emergent storylines: coming to the role (the calling), embodiment (becoming the face of), immersion in clinical practice, interactions with those seeking MAiD, and self survival (sense making). The created story and storylines shine a light on new ethical practice realities, enhance understanding about MAiD as it continues to unfold, and hopefully inspire human centered, compassionate care.
When the Hospital Is No Longer an Option: A Multiple Case Study of Defining Moments for Women Choosing Home Birth in High-Risk Pregnancies in The Netherlands
Authors: Holten Lianne , Hollander Martine , de Miranda Esteriek
Published: August 2018

Some women in a high-risk pregnancy go against medical advice and choose to birth at home with a “holistic” midwife. In this exploratory multiple case study, grounded theory and triangulation were employed to examine 10 cases. The women, their partners, and (regular and holistic) health care professionals were interviewed in an attempt to determine whether there was a pattern to their experiences. Two propositions emerged. The dominant one was a trajectory of trauma, self-education, concern about paternalism, and conflict leading to a negative choice for holistic care. The rival proposition was a path of trust and positive choice for holistic care without conflict. We discuss these two propositions and make suggestions for professionals for building a trusting relationship using continuity of care, true shared decision making, and an alternative risk discourse to achieve the goal of making women perceive the hospital as safe again.