bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Loneliness mediates the association of minority stress and depression in sexual and gender minority populations in Thailand
Authors: Kittiteerasack Priyoth , Matthews Alicia K. , Steffen Alana D.
Published: August 2022

Loneliness is a significant risk factor for depression in adults. Sexual and gender minority (SGM) individuals are at risk for loneliness and depression due to stigma and discrimination. However, little is known about the influences of loneliness on the mental health of SGM populations. Guided by the Minority Stress and Integrative Mediation Frameworks, the authors aimed to examine loneliness's direct and indirect effects on the relationships between minority stressors and depression among Thai SGM adults. Data were drawn from a larger cross‐sectional survey. Standardized measures of minority stressors (discrimination, victimization, identity concealment, and internalized sexual stigma), loneliness, and depression were selected and translated by expert panels. A convenience sample was recruited, and data were collected using online and in‐person methods. Participants (N = 411, M = 29.5 years) were primarily male (90.5%), gay (79.3%), and cisgender (76.6%). More than 40% of participants reported clinically significant levels of loneliness (M = 38.59, standard deviation [SD] = 11.11) and depression (M = 9.46, SD = 8.43). Discrimination, identity concealment, and internalized sexual stigma were directly associated with loneliness (all p < 0.05). Minority stressors were significantly related to depression through indirect associations via loneliness accounting for 33%–54% of the total effect. Indirect effects (95% confidence interval) were 0.25 [0.12, 0.40] for discrimination, −0.41 [−0.67, −0.18] for identity concealment, and 0.42 [0.06, 0.79] for internalized sexual stigma. Loneliness was prevalent and played a mediating role in the associations between minority stressors and depression. Study findings have implications for the development of intervention research.
Trained innate immunity and human adenovirus infection as a novel mechanism linked to the severe acute hepatitis of unknown origin in children during the COVID‐19 pandemic
Authors: Du Lingyao , Wang Jiayi , Bai Lang , Tang Hong
Published: August 2022

Key points

Recent clinical findings indicate that in severe acute hepatitis of unknown origin in children, the innate immune response underlies the main pathogenesis, regardless of the involved pathogens, including adenoviruses (AdVs) that predominantly affect the gut.

The present work suggests that in the presence of trained immunity, the inflammation triggered by AdV infection is mild and confined to the gut, whereas without trained immunity, AdV infection can lead to viremia, severe inflammation, and even cytokine storms.
Simulation study on the adsorption of polymer chains on checkerboard‐patterned surfaces
Authors: Yang Qing‐Hui , Qi Hang‐Kai , Yang Xiao , Luo Meng‐Bo , Huang Jian‐Hua
Published: August 2022

The adsorption behavior of polymer chains on a checkerboard‐patterned surface consisting of attractive and neutral square blocks is simulated using dynamic Monte Carlo method. The polymer chain is adsorbed on the surface below the critical adsorption temperature Tc and finally form a recognizable state below the pattern recognition temperature Tr. Both Tc and Tr increase with increasing the block width L. The increase of Tc is because that the effect of neutral blocks reduces with increasing L, while the increase of Tr indicates that it is easy for the adsorbed polymer chain to recognize large pattern. Moreover, below Tc, the polymer chain is in a multi‐block adsorption state (MBAS) and multi‐block recognition state (MBRS) for small L and in a single‐block adsorption state (SBAS) and single‐block recognition state (SBRS) for large L. For moderate L, as the temperature decreases, the polymer changes from the SBAS to the MBAS or from SBRS to MBRS below the single‐block to multi‐block adsorption temperature Tsm. Tc and Tsm increase with increasing N, whereas Tr decreases with increasing N. Lastly, the intra‐polymer attraction helps the polymer chain to recognize in a SBRS.
Repellence or attraction: secondary metabolites in pepper mediate attraction and defense against Spodoptera litura
Authors: Yuan Ge‐Ge , Zhao Lin‐Chao , Du Yuan‐Wen , Yu Huan , Shi Xiao‐Bin , Chen Wen‐Chao , Chen Gong
Published: July 2022

BACKGROUND

Resistance to insect pests is an important self‐defense characteristic of pepper plants. However, the resistance of different pepper cultivars to Spodoptera litura larvae, one of the main insect pest species on pepper, is not well understood.

RESULTS

Among seven pepper cultivars evaluated, cayenne pepper ‘FXBX’ showed the highest repellency to third instar S. litura larvae, Chao tian chili pepper ‘BLTY2’ showed the lowest repellency. Plant volatiles (1‐hexene, hexanal, β‐ionone, (E,E)‐2,6‐nonadienal, and methyl salicylate) affected host selection by S. litura. Among these, 1‐hexene, hexanal, and β‐ionone at concentrations naturally‐released by pepper leaves were found to repel S. litura. Interestingly, S. litura larvae fed on the larva‐attracting pepper cultivar, (BLTY2) had an extended developmental period, which was about 13 days longer than larvae fed on FXBX. Besides, the survival rate of larvae fed on BLTY2 was 22.5 ± 0.0%, indicating that the leaves of BLTY2 can kill S. litura larvae. Correlation analysis showed that larval survival rate, emergence rate, female adult longevity, and pupal weight were positively correlated with the vitamin C, amino acids, protein, cellulose, and soluble sugar contents, but were negatively correlated with wax and flavonoids contents.

CONCLUSION

We identified two different modes of direct defense exhibited by pepper cultivars against S. litura. One involves the release of repellent volatiles to avoid been fed on (FXBX cultivar). The other involves the inhibition of the growth and development or the direct killing of S. litura larvae which feeds on it (BLTY2 cultivar). © 2022 Society of Chemical Industry.
Species boundary and phylogeographical pattern provide new insights into the management efforts of Megacopta cribraria (Hemiptera: Plataspidae), a bean bug invading North America
Authors: Zhu Xiuxiu , Zheng Chenguang , Dong Xue , Zhang Haiguang , Ye Zhen , Xue Huaijun , Bu Wenjun
Published: July 2022

BACKGROUND

Correct identification together with information on distribution range, geographical origin and evolutionary history are the necessary basis for the management and control of invasive species. The bean bug Megacopta cribraria is a crucial agricultural pest of soybean. Recently, M. cribraria has invaded the United States and spread rapidly, causing severe reductions in soybean yields. However, the species boundary and phylogeographical pattern of this invasive bean bug are still unclear.

RESULTS

The results of different species delimitation methods (Automatic Barcode Gap Discovery, Assemble Species by Automatic Partitioning, Bayesian Poisson Tree Processes and Bayesian Phylogenetics and Phylogeography) strongly demonstrated that M. cribraria and Megacopta punctatissima represent the same species. M. punctatissima should not be considered a distinct species but rather a variety of M. cribraria. Phylogenetic analyses revealed three well‐supported clades (Southeast Asia [SEA], East Asia continent [EAC] and Japan [JA]) with distinct geographical structures in the M. cribraria–M. punctatissima complex. The SEA clade was at the base of the phylogenetic tree, and the sister relationship between the EAC clade and JA clade was strongly supported. The split between the EAC clade and JA clade occurred at approximately 0.71 Ma, corresponding to the submergence period of the East China Sea land bridge.

CONCLUSION

This study clarified the species boundary between M. cribraria and its closely related species and revealed the phylogeographical pattern and evolutionary history of M. cribraria. The species delimitation and phylogeography results achieved in this study could provide new insights into the monitoring and management of this agricultural pest. © 2022 Society of Chemical Industry.
Oviposition preference and life‐history parameters of Callosobruchus maculatus (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae) on different soybean (Glycine max) cultivars
Authors: Naseri Bahram , Ebadollahi Asgar , Hamzavi Fatemeh
Published: July 2022

BACKGROUND

Callosobruchus maculatus (F.) (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae) is one of the most destructive pests of stored legume seeds in many regions of the world. Evaluation of varietal resistance of host seeds to C. maculatus infestation can be useful in preventing severe damage. We studied the susceptibility and resistance of eight conventional soybean cultivars (Caspian, Kosar, L17, Nekador, Sari, Tapour, Williams and Zane) based on the oviposition preference (choice and no‐choice tests) and population growth parameters of the pest.

RESULTS

Compared with other cultivars tested, oviposition preference of C. maculatus was the lowest on Nekador. The developmental time of C. maculatus differed from 40.34 days on Nekador to 48.35 days on L17, and was negatively correlated with the seed protein content. Other performance measures of C. maculatus did not match the oviposition preference. Immature survival and female longevity were highest on Caspian. The intrinsic rate of increase (rm) was higher on Tapour, Nekador and Caspian than on Zane, Williams, and Kosar. A positive correlation was observed between the rm value of the pest and moisture content of the cultivars. Cluster analysis showed that cvs Nekador, Sari, Tapour, and Caspian were relatively susceptible, and cvs Kosar, Zane, Williams and L17 were partially resistant to this pest.

CONCLUSION

Protein and moisture contents of soybean cultivars play an important role in the development and population growth of C. maculatus, and these traits could be used to develop safe and effective management strategies for this pest on stored soybean seeds. © 2022 Society of Chemical Industry.
Efficient Polymer Solar Cells Facilitated by Halogenated Substituted Wide‐Bandgap Polymers and a Backbone Twisted Low‐Bandgap Acceptor
Authors: Liu Shujuan , Wu Haimei , Zhao Baofeng , Wang Weiping , Zhou Yuchen , Xue Zeyu , Ding Kai , Cong Zhiyuan , Gao Chao
Published: August 2022

During the past five years, plentiful efficient polymer solar cells (PSCs) developed rapidly with the application of small molecules as non‐fullerene acceptors (NFAs). Although most of the synthesized NFAs have planar backbones, the backbone twisted NFAs have exhibited impressive performances in devices with wide‐bandgaps polymer donors like J52 and PBDB‐T. To boost the performances of PSCs based on NFAs with contorting backbone, a systematic study of a twisted NFA (i‐IEICO‐4F), with J52 and its halogenated counterparts was conducted, because the attached halogen atoms have strong effects on the frontier molecular orbitals and the aggregation properties of the polymers. Despite the polymers possessing similar absorption spectra, they exhibited continuously deepened molecular energy levels. Among the three polymers, the device based on J52‐2F and i‐IEICO‐4F achieved the lowest efficiency of 11.78 %. Although differed in open‐circuit voltages and short‐circuit current densities, the J52‐ and J52‐2Cl‐based devices successfully acquired enhanced fill factors of 67.0 % and 67.6 %, giving rise to enhanced efficiencies of 12.47 % and 12.69 %. The superior performance of J52‐2Cl‐based device stems from its deepened molecular energy levels, improved charge transport properties, and better morphological features, demonstrating the important influence of halogenation substitution on the characteristic regulation of wide‐bandgap conjugated polymers for high‐performance PSCs.
A Water‐Stable Luminescent Zn‐MOF Based on A Conjugated π‐electron Ligand as An Efficient Sensor for Fe3+, CrO42−, Cr2O72− and MnO4−
Authors: Yin Bei B. , Wang Yan , Gao Ning N. , Liang Jing , Jiang Hao
Published: August 2022

Adopting a solvothermal method, a new Zn‐MOF (metal‐organic framework, MOF), namely, [Zn5(FA)4(LBTX)(OH)2]n (1) has been successfully synthesized (H2FA=2,2‐bis(4‐carboxyphenyl)hexafluoropropylene, LBTX=4,4’‐bis(1H‐1,2,4‐triazole‐1‐yl)methyl‐1,1’‐biphenyl). Complex 1 was structurally characterized by single‐crystal X‐ray diffraction analysis, powder X‐ray diffraction (PXRD), thermogravimetric analyses (TGA), infrared spectra (IR) and elemental analyses (EA). X‐ray diffraction analysis revealed that complex 1 features a two‐fold interpenetrated pcu‐topological architecture. Complex 1 has a multi‐response photoluminescence sensing feature that it can be used to detect Fe3+, CrO42−, Cr2O72−, MnO4− ions in water. The possible quenching mechanism were also explored.
Z‐scheme CuSbS2/ZnO Heterojunction for Enhanced Photocatalytic Degradation of RhB
Authors: Zhi Guowei , Hao Lingyun , Chen Wenjing , Sheng Qinyang , Liu Liu , Wang Wei , Yao Hanyu
Published: August 2022

The heterojunction structure photocatalysts are very promising for photocatalytic degradation dyes to resolve the organic industrial wastewater. In this work, an effective and solar light‐driven Z‐scheme heterojunction photocatalyst CAS/ZnO was prepared by two steps microwave irradiation method. The ZnO nanosheets were successfully compounded with CAS tetragonal particles aggregate. As the ZnO concentration increased, the absorbance decreased but the specific surface area increased. Rhodamine B (RhB) was tested for photodegradation by photocatalysts under a solar simulation in 120 min, and 3 M displayed the highest degradation rate (100 %), highest rate constant (0.021 min−1) and optimum stability. Furthermore, the main reactive species were superoxide radicals (O2−.) and hydroxyl radicals (HO⋅). Also, mechanism of the Z‐scheme migration of photon‐generated carrier and photocatalytic degradation was proposed. This paper provides a new Z‐scheme heterojunction CAS/ZnO photocatalyst for the treatment of organic pollutants.
Thermoresponsive Polymeric Nanolenses Magnify the Thermal Sensitivity of Single Upconverting Nanoparticles
Authors: Lu Dasheng , Retama Jorge Rubio , Marin Riccardo , Marqués Manuel I. , Calderón Oscar G. , Melle Sonia , Haro‐González Patricia , Jaque Daniel
Published: July 2022

Lanthanide‐based upconverting nanoparticles (UCNPs) are trustworthy workhorses in luminescent nanothermometry. The use of UCNPs‐based nanothermometers has enabled the determination of the thermal properties of cell membranes and monitoring of in vivo thermal therapies in real time. However, UCNPs boast low thermal sensitivity and brightness, which, along with the difficulty in controlling individual UCNP remotely, make them less than ideal nanothermometers at the single‐particle level. In this work, it is shown how these problems can be elegantly solved using a thermoresponsive polymeric coating. Upon decorating the surface of NaYF4:Er3+,Yb3+ UCNPs with poly(N‐isopropylacrylamide) (PNIPAM), a >10‐fold enhancement in optical forces is observed, allowing stable trapping and manipulation of a single UCNP in the physiological temperature range (20–45 °C). This optical force improvement is accompanied by a significant enhancement of the thermal sensitivity— a maximum value of 8% °C+1 at 32 °C induced by the collapse of PNIPAM. Numerical simulations reveal that the enhancement in thermal sensitivity mainly stems from the high‐refractive‐index polymeric coating that behaves as a nanolens of high numerical aperture. The results in this work demonstrate how UCNP nanothermometers can be further improved by an adequate surface decoration and open a new avenue toward highly sensitive single‐particle nanothermometry.
Hierarchical Heterostructure Engineering of Layered Double Hydroxides on Nickel Sulfides Heteronanowire Arrays as Efficient Cathode for Alkaline Aqueous Zinc Batteries
Authors: Zhou Kai , Wang Shuai , Zhong Guixiang , Chen Jingrong , Bao Yu , Niu Li
Published: July 2022

Aqueous alkaline rechargeable nickel‐zinc (Ni–Zn) batteries possess great potential for large‐scale energy storage systems because of their high output voltage, cheap cost, and intrinsic safety. However, the practical applicability of Ni–Zn batteries has been limited by traditional Ni‐based cathodes with low capacity and poor cycle stability. Rational design of electrode structure and composition is highly desired but still significantly challenging. Herein, uniform self‐supported hierarchical heterostructure composites interacting NiCo‐layered double hydroxide with 1D nickel sulfides heteronanowire rooted on Ni foam (NF\Ni3S2/NiS@NiCo‐LDH) are successfully developed by a hydrothermal sulfurization‐electrodeposition process. The self‐supported 3D hierarchical heterostructured composites nanoarray provides abundant reactive sites, rapid ion diffusion channels, and fast electron transfer routes, as well as strong structural stability. More significantly, the strong interfacial charge transfer between Ni3S2/NiS heteronanowire and NiCo‐LDH effectively modifies the electronic structure of the composites and thereby improving the reaction kinetics. Consequently, the NF\Ni3S2/NiS@NiCo‐LDH electrode presents a superior capacity of 434.5 mAh g−1 (1.73 mAh cm−2) at 3 mA cm−2. In addition, the fabricated NF\Ni3S2/NiS@NiCo‐LDH//Zn battery can offer a maximal energy density and power density as large as 556.3 Wh kg−1 and 26.3 kW kg−1, respectively, as well as an exceptional cycling performance.
Compatibility checking for cyber‐physical systems based on microservices
Authors: Dai Fei , Liu Guozhi , Xu Xiaolong , Mo Qi , Qiang Zhenping , Liang Zhihong
Published: July 2022

Microservices architecture provides a promising solution for developing sustainable cyber‐physical systems (CPSs). However, checking the compatibility of CPSs over a set of microservices communicating asynchronously via unbounded buffers are undecidable due to their infinite state spaces. In this article, we propose a new approach for checking the compatibility of CPSs with infinite state spaces without restricting the size of buffers or the number of communication cycles. First, we integrate CPSs with microservice architecture and design the system architecture for building CPSs over a set of cyber‐physical microservices with unbounded buffers. Second, we model CPSs composed of asynchronously communicating cyber‐physical microservices via FIFO buffers as labelled transition systems. Third, we adopt the stability notion and present a sufficient condition for checking the unspecified receptions of CPSs through stability checking. Finally, we implement our approach in Process Analysis Toolkit for automatic compatibility checking and conduct experiments to show our approach is effective and efficient.
Recent progress on rational design of catalysts for fermentative hydrogen production
Authors: Chai Yifan , Lyu Zhaoyuan , Du Huitong , Li Pan , Ding Shichao , Jiang Yujing , Wang Hua , Min Qianhao , Du Dan , Lin Yuehe , Zhu Wenlei
Published: July 2022

The increasingly severe energy crisis has strengthened the determination to develop environmentally friendly energy. And hydrogen has emerged as a candidate for clean energy. Among many hydrogen generation methods, biohydrogen stands out due to its environmental sustainability, simple operating environment, and cost advantages. This review focuses on the rational design of catalysts for fermentative hydrogen production. The principles of microbial dark fermentation and photo‐fermentation are elucidated exhaustively. Various strategies to increase the efficiency of fermentative hydrogen production are summarized, and some recent representative works from microbial dark fermentation and photo‐fermentation are described. Meanwhile, perspectives and discussions on the rational design of catalysts for fermentative hydrogen production are provided.
Rare delayed cardiac tamponade in a pig after cardiac surgery
Authors: Li Ke , Segura Ana Maria , Sun Junping , Chen Qi , Cheng Jie , Perin Emerson C. , Elgalad Abdelmotagaly
Published: August 2022

Objective

Delayed cardiac tamponade, a life‐threatening complication of pericardial effusion in humans, has rarely been described in large animal models. We report here a pig with cardiac tamponade that developed 29 days after cardiac surgery.

Study Design

Case report.

Animals

One 45‐kg domestic pig.

Methods

Open‐chest surgery was performed on a pig to induce chronic heart failure. At 15 days after surgery, the pig's breathing appeared laboured; induced heart failure was considered the cause. Routine heart failure medications were administered.

Results

On day 28, the pig's status deteriorated. On day 29, echocardiography performed just before the pig's death showed a large pericardial effusion, mainly in the lateral and anterior walls of the right heart, with several fibre exudation bands. The right heart was severely compressed with an extremely small right ventricle. An emergency sternotomy was unsuccessful. Pathologic examination showed a severely thickened, fibrous pericardium. The pericardial sac was distended (up to 4.5 cm) and was full of dark brown, soft, friable material. Epicardial haemorrhage with a fresh, organised thrombus was noted in the pericardium.

Conclusion

Delayed tamponade occurring at least 15 days after open‐chest surgery is easy to misdiagnose or overlook in large animal models where attention is often focused on primary pathological model changes. To decrease mortality in animal models, researchers should be aware of potential complications and use the same level of follow‐up monitoring of large animals as in clinical care.
Inadvertent fatal carotid artery laceration at the time of jugular venipuncture in a healthy cat
Authors: Burke Jasper E. , Mandell Deborah C.
Published: August 2022

A 4‐year‐old female spayed Siamese was referred for an episode of collapse and tachypnea after routine jugular venipuncture. On presentation, the patient was obtunded, laterally recumbent, hypothermic, hypotensive, and tachypneic with increased respiratory effort. Point of care ultrasound (POCUS) was negative for peritoneal, pleural, and pericardial effusion but revealed an underloaded left ventricle. Point of care bloodwork revealed severe anaemia and hypoproteinemia (PCV/TS 20%/4 g/dl), concerning for acute haemorrhage given the normal bloodwork performed that morning (PCV/TS 42%/6.9 g/dl). Progressively dyspnoea and stridor were noted; the cat's neck was swollen and firm, and emergent intubation was performed. Bruising and a small amount of active haemorrhage from a puncture was noted around the right jugular vein so a neck wrap was placed to tamponade the bleeding, but the cat became progressively bradycardic and arrested. Post‐mortem results were consistent with inadvertent laceration of the right carotid artery during routine jugular venipuncture.
An Ab Initio Computational Study of Binding Energies of Interstellar Complex Organic Molecules on Crystalline Water Ice Surface Models
Authors: Kakkar Harjasnoor , Martínez-Bachs Berta , Rimola Albert
Published: August 2022

The interstellar medium is extremely heterogeneous in terms of physical environments and chemical composition. Spectroscopic observations in the recent decades have revealed the presence of gaseous material and dust grains covered in ices predominantly of water in interstellar clouds, the interplay of which may elucidate the existence of more than 250 molecular species. Of these species of varied complexity, several terrestrial carbon-containing compounds have been discovered, known as interstellar complex organic molecules (iCOMs) in the astrochemical argot. In order to investigate the formation of iCOMs, it is crucial to explore gas-grain chemistry and in this regard, one of the fundamental parameters is the binding energy (BE), which is an essential input in astrochemical models. In this work, the BEs of 13 iCOMs on a crystalline H2O-ice surface have been computed by means of quantum chemical periodic calculations. The hybrid B3LYP-D3 DFT method was used for the geometry optimizations of the adsorbate/ice systems and for computing the BEs. Furthermore, to refine the BE values, an ONIOM2-like approximation has been employed to obtain them at CCSD(T), which correlate well with those obtained at B3LYP-D3. Additionally, aiming to lower the computational cost, structural optimizations were carried out using the HF-3c level of theory, followed by single point energy calculations at B3LYP-D3 in order to obtain BE values comparable to the full DFT treatment.
Reasoning About Vectors Using an SMT Theory of Sequences
Authors: Sheng Ying , Nötzli Andres , Reynolds Andrew , Zohar Yoni , Dill David , Grieskamp Wolfgang , Park Junkil , Qadeer Shaz , Barrett Clark , Tinelli Cesare
Published: July 2022

Dynamic arrays, also referred to as vectors, are fundamental data structures used in many programs. Modeling their semantics efficiently is crucial when reasoning about such programs. The theory of arrays is widely supported but is not ideal, because the number of elements is fixed (determined by its index sort) and cannot be adjusted, which is a problem, given that the length of vectors often plays an important role when reasoning about vector programs. In this paper, we propose reasoning about vectors using a theory of sequences. We introduce the theory, propose a basic calculus adapted from one for the theory of strings, and extend it to efficiently handle common vector operations. We prove that our calculus is sound and show how to construct a model when it terminates with a saturated configuration. Finally, we describe an implementation of the calculus in cvc5 and demonstrate its efficacy by evaluating it on verification conditions for smart contracts and benchmarks derived from existing array benchmarks.
Einleitung
Authors: Winter Fabian
Published: July 2022

Lese- und Schreibkompetenzen sind die Grundlage für Bildung, schulischen und beruflichen Erfolg sowie ein lebenslanges selbstbestimmtes Lernen. Um deren Gewichtung hervorzuheben, werden sie häufig Kulturtechniken genannt oder als Schlüsselkompetenz bezeichnet. Die Aneignung der Schrift hängt dabei maßgeblich vom Unterricht und den Unterstützungsangeboten ab.
Methodisches Vorgehen
Authors: Winter Fabian
Published: July 2022

Im Zentrum von Kapitel 3 steht die Beschreibung und Begründung des methodischen Vorgehens. Dafür wird zunächst Mixed-Methods-Forschung in Abschnitt 3.1 definiert. In Abschnitt 3.2 wird die Diskussion weiter vertieft und das gewählte Mixed-Methods-Design als sequenzielle, explanative Studie typisiert. In Abschnitt 3.3 erfolgt die Herleitung der übergeordneten Forschungsfragen, die für das Gesamtprojekt von zentraler Bedeutung sind.
Fallstudien
Authors: Winter Fabian
Published: July 2022

In dem nachfolgenden qualitativen Untersuchungsteil werden die Ergebnisse von vier holistischen Fallstudien und einer Pilotfallstudie über duale Schriftnutzung vorgestellt. Dazu wurden fünf Lernende unterschiedlichen Alters ausgewählt und über einen längeren Zeitraum im Unterricht und im Elternhaus begleitet. Anknüpfend an die erste quantitative Untersuchung sollen die Erkenntnisse aus den qualitativen Fallstudien die Ergebnisse aus der quantitativen Kompetenzerhebung erklären und erweitern.
Fazit
Authors: Winter Fabian
Published: July 2022

Der letzte Teil der Arbeit fasst die wichtigsten Erkenntnisse aus der Studie prägnant zusammen. Dazu soll auf das eingangs in der Arbeit geschilderte Forschungsproblem und die übergeordneten Forschungsfragen eingegangen werden. Gleichzeitig werden die eigenen Ergebnisse kritisch reflektiert und Vorschläge für zukünftige Forschung gemacht.
Empirische Analyse gesellschaftlicher Wertorientierungen in der Bundesrepublik Deutschland von 2009 bis 2017
Authors: Wurthmann L. Constantin
Published: July 2022

Das Ziel der vorliegenden Untersuchung besteht darin, den Effekt gesellschaftlicher Wertorientierungen auf das Wahlverhalten bei den Bundestagswahlen 2009, 2013 und 2017 zu messen. In den Erläuterungen zum theoretischen Rahmen wurde herausgearbeitet, dass gesellschaftliche Wertorientierungen im Wesentlichen die essenzielle Grundlage für die Entstehung und Etablierung der Parteien des deutschen Parteiensystems waren und auch heute womöglich noch sind. Es handelt sich hierbei um die Konfliktdimension des Links-Rechts-Materialismus, die Konfliktlinie zwischen einer religiösen und einer säkularen Wertorientierung, den Konfliktraum zwischen Postmaterialismus und Materialismus sowie jenen zwischen Kosmopolitismus und Nationalismus.
Die Hobbes-Deutung bei Strauss
Authors: Motuzaite Ieva
Published: July 2022

Die Religionskritik Spinozas als Grundlage seiner Bibelwissenschaft. Untersuchungen zu Spinozas Theologisch-politischem Traktat. In: Strauss, Leo: Die Religionskritik Spinozas und zugehörige Schriften (Leo Strauss. Gesammelte Schriften 1). Hrsg. v. Heinrich Meier unter Mitwirkung v. Wiebke Meier. 3., erneut durchges. u. erw. Aufl. Stuttgart/Weimar 2008, S. 1−61 [1. Aufl. 1996].
Fano 3-folds, reflexive polytopes and brane brick models
Authors: Franco Sebastián , Seong Rak-Kyeong
Published: August 2022

Abstract

Reflexive polytopes in n dimensions have attracted much attention both in mathematics and theoretical physics due to their connection to Fano n-folds and mirror symmetry. This work focuses on the 18 regular reflexive polytopes corresponding to smooth Fano 3-folds. For the first time, we show that all 18 regular reflexive polytopes have corresponding 2d (0, 2) gauge theories realized by brane brick models. These 2d gauge theories can be considered as the worldvolume theories of D1-branes probing the toric Calabi-Yau 4-singularities whose toric diagrams are given by the associated regular reflexive polytopes. The generators of the mesonic moduli space of the brane brick models are shown to form a lattice of generators due to the charges under the rank 3 mesonic flavor symmetry. It is shown that the lattice of generators is the exact polar dual reflexive polytope to the corresponding toric diagram of the brane brick model. This duality not only highlights the close relationship between the geometry and 2d gauge theory, but also opens up pathways towards new discoveries in relation to reflexive polytopes and brane brick models.
Quantum Machine Learning for b-jet charge identification
Authors: Gianelle Alessio , Koppenburg Patrick , Lucchesi Donatella , Nicotra Davide , Rodrigues Eduardo , Sestini Lorenzo , de Vries Jacco , Zuliani Davide
Published: August 2022

Abstract

Machine Learning algorithms have played an important role in hadronic jet classification problems. The large variety of models applied to Large Hadron Collider data has demonstrated that there is still room for improvement. In this context Quantum Machine Learning is a new and almost unexplored methodology, where the intrinsic properties of quantum computation could be used to exploit particles correlations for improving the jet classification performance. In this paper, we present a brand new approach to identify if a jet contains a hadron formed by a b or $$ \overline{b} $$

b
¯

quark at the moment of production, based on a Variational Quantum Classifier applied to simulated data of the LHCb experiment. Quantum models are trained and evaluated using LHCb simulation. The jet identification performance is compared with a Deep Neural Network model to assess which method gives the better performance.
On the derivation of chiral symmetry breaking in QCD-like theories and S-confining theories
Authors: Luzio Andrea , Xu Ling-Xiao
Published: August 2022

Abstract

Recent works argue that the pattern of chiral symmetry breaking in QCD-like theories can be derived from supersymmetric (SUSY) QCD with perturbation of anomaly-mediated SUSY breaking (AMSB). Nevertheless, despite the fact that AMSB needs to be a small (but still exact) perturbation, two other major problems remain unsolved: first, in order to derive the chiral symmetry breaking pattern, one needs to minimize the potential along a certain specific direction, identifying this direction fully as an outcome is nontrivial given the moduli space of degenerate vacua in the SUSY limit; second, when SUSY is broken, non-holomorphic states might emerge and be relevant for determining the vacuum structure. In this work, we try to resolve these problems and discuss their physical implica- tions. For this purpose, we focus on SUSY QCD with Nf ≤ Nc + 1 and perturb the theories using AMSB. Without minimizing the potential along a certain specific direction in the moduli space, we successfully derive the expected chiral symmetry breaking pattern when Nf< Nc. However, when Nf = Nc and Nf = Nc + 1, we show that tree-level AMSB would induce runaway directions, along which baryon number is spontaneously broken, and the vacua with broken baryon number can be deeper while the field values are not far from the origin. This implies that phase transitions and/or non-holomorphic physics are necessary. In order to derive the expected chiral symmetry breaking pattern of non-SUSY QCD starting from the SUSY limit and AMSB, baryon number conservation is needed as an input rather than obtained as an output. Moreover, we perform explicit consistency checks on “ultraviolet insensitivity” for different Nf by adding the holomorphic mass term for the last flavor, we find that the “jump” of AMSB potential indeed matches the contribution from the holomorphic mass term. We also show in general that, when tree-level AMSB is not vanishing, the origin of the moduli space in s-confining theories does not persist as a minimum.
Conservation of asymptotic charges from past to future null infinity: Lorentz charges in general relativity
Authors: Prabhu Kartik , Shehzad Ibrahim
Published: August 2022

Abstract

We show that the asymptotic charges associated with Lorentz symmetries on past and future null infinity match in the limit to spatial infinity in a class of asymptotically-flat spacetimes. These are spacetimes that obey the Ashtekar-Hansen definition of asymptotic flatness at null and spatial infinity and satisfy an additional set of conditions which we lay out explicitly. Combined with earlier results on the matching of supertranslation charges, this shows that all Bondi-Metzner-Sachs (BMS) charges on past and future null infinity match in the limit to spatial infinity in this class of spacetimes, proving a relationship that was conjectured by Strominger. Assuming additional suitable conditions are satisfied at timelike infinities, this proves that the flux of all BMS charges is conserved in any classical gravitational scattering process in these spacetimes.
Non-invertible self-duality defects of Cardy-Rabinovici model and mixed gravitational anomaly
Authors: Hayashi Yui , Tanizaki Yuya
Published: August 2022

Abstract

We study properties of self-duality symmetry in the Cardy-Rabinovici model. The Cardy-Rabinovici model is the 4d U(1) gauge theory with electric and magnetic matters, and it enjoys the SL(2, ℤ) self-duality at low-energies. SL(2, ℤ) self-duality does not realize in a naive way, but we notice that the STp duality transformation becomes the legitimate duality operation by performing the gauging of ℤN 1-form symmetry with including the level-p discrete topological term. Due to such complications in its realization, the fusion rule of duality defects becomes a non-group-like structure, and thus the self-duality symmetry is realized as a non-invertible symmetry. Moreover, for some fixed points of the self-duality, the duality symmetry turns out to have a mixed gravitational anomaly detected on a K3 surface, and we can rule out the trivially gapped phase as a consequence of anomaly matching. We also uncover how the conjectured phase diagram of the Cardy-Rabinovici model satisfies this new anomaly matching condition.
Semiclassics with ’t Hooft flux background for QCD with 2-index quarks
Authors: Tanizaki Yuya , Ünsal Mithat
Published: August 2022

Abstract

We study quantum chromodynamics including the two-index symmetric or anti-symmetric quark (QCD(Sym/ASym)) on small ℝ2× T2 with a suitable magnetic flux. We first discuss the ’t Hooft anomaly of these theories and claim that discrete chiral symmetry should be spontaneously broken completely to satisfy the anomaly matching condition. The T2 compactification with the magnetic flux preserves the ’t Hooft anomaly, and the 2d effective theory is constrained by the same anomaly of 4d QCD(Sym/ASym). We demonstrate the spontaneous breakdown of chiral symmetry using the dilute gas of center vortices, which confirms the prediction of the ’t Hooft anomaly. We also find that each vacuum maintains the charge conjugation symmetry, and this gives affirmative support for the nonperturbative large-N orientifold equivalence between QCD(Sym/ASym) and $$ \mathcal{N} $$
N
= 1 supersymmetric SU(N) Yang-Mills theory.
The spectral geometry of de Sitter space in asymptotic safety
Authors: Ferrero Renata , Reuter Martin
Published: August 2022

Abstract

Within the functional renormalization group approach to Background Independent quantum gravity, we explore the scale dependent effective geometry of the de Sitter solution dS4. The investigation employs a novel approach whose essential ingredient is a modified spectral flow of the metric dependent d’Alembertian, or of similar hyperbolic kinetic operators. The corresponding one-parameter family of spectra and eigenfunctions encodes information about the nonperturbative backreaction of the dynamically gravitating vacuum fluctuations on the mean field geometry of the quantum spacetime. Used as a diagnostic tool, the power of the spectral flow method resides in its ability to identify the scale dependent subsets of field modes that supply the degrees of freedom which participate in the effective field theory description of the respective scale. A central result is that the ultraviolet of Quantum Einstein Gravity comprises far less effective degrees of freedom than predicted (incorrectly) by background dependent reasoning. The Lorentzian signature of dS4 is taken into account by selecting a class of renormalization group trajectories which are known to apply to both the Euclidean and a Lorentzian version of the approach. Exploring the quantum spacetime’s spatial geometry carried by physical fields, we find that 3-dimensional space disintegrates into a collection of coherent patches which individually can, but in their entirety cannot be described by one of the effective average actions occurring along the renormalization group trajectory. A natural concept of an entropy is introduced in order to quantify this fragmentation effect. Tentatively applied to the real Universe, surprising analogies to properties of the observed cosmic microwave background are uncovered. Furthermore, a set of distinguished field modes is found which, in principle, has the ability to transport information about the asymptotic fixed point regime from the ultraviolet, across almost the entire “scale history”, to cosmological distances in the observed Universe.
Individuelle computergestützte 3D-Planung zur Platzierung von Epithesenankern in Kombination mit einem implantierbaren transkutanen Knochenleitungshörgerät bei Patienten mit Ohrfehlbildungen
Authors: Seiwerth Ingmar , Plößl Sebastian , Herzog Michael , Schilde Sebastian , Radetzki Florian , Krämer Steffen , Rahne Torsten , Plontke Stefan K.
Published: August 2022

Hintergrund

Die simultane Versorgung mit der Bonebridge (MED-EL, Innsbruck, Österreich), einem teilimplantierbaren, aktiven transkutanen Knochenleitungshörgerät, sowie mit Ankern für Ohrepithesen kann eine Herausforderung darstellen, da beide Implantate Magnete enthalten und um ein begrenztes Areal im vorgesehenen Implantationsgebiet konkurrieren.

Material und Methoden

Die Bestimmung der optimalen Implantatposition für den Massenschwingers („floating mass transducer“, FMT) und die Epithesenanker erfolgte mittels einer Software zur 3‑dimensionalen (3D-)Planung („virtuelle Chirurgie“) anhand individueller 3D-Computermodelle der Schädel und der Implantate. Die Interaktion zwischen den magnetischen Epithesenankern und dem FMT wurde mittels statischer Magnetkräfte gemessen. In einer retrospektiven Datenanalyse wurden chirurgische und audiologische Ergebnisse evaluiert.

Ergebnisse

Zwischen den Jahren 2014 und 2021 wurde an 6 Ohren bei 5 Patienten (männlich: n = 3, weiblich: n = 2, Alter: 17–56 Jahre) die 3D-Planung einer simultanen Implantation der Bonebridge und von Ohrepithesenankern durchgeführt. Die individuelle präoperative Planung war hinsichtlich der optimalen Platzierung von Epithesenankern in Kombination mit der Bonebridge äußerst hilfreich. Audiologisch zeigte sich 3 Monate und > 11 Monate postoperativ ein klarer Nutzen. Es konnten keine Interaktionen zwischen den magnetischen Epithesenankern und dem FMT nachgewiesen werden. Bei 2 Patienten musste aufgrund einer Wundinfektion bzw. aufgrund von Wundheilungsstörungen eine Revisionsoperation erfolgen. Es wurden keine Langezeitkomplikationen (3–5 Jahre postoperativ) beobachtet.

Diskussion

Die präoperative 3D-Planung stellt einen deutlichen Nutzen bei der simultanen audiologischen und ästhetischen Rehabilitation mithilfe der Bonebridge und Ohrepithesenankern dar.
Transiente epileptische Amnesie – ein seltenes Phänomen bei Temporallappenepilepsien
Authors: Pukropski Jan , von Wrede Randi , Helmstaedter Christoph , Surges Rainer
Published: August 2022

Hintergrund

Die transiente epileptische Amnesie (TEA) ist ein seltenes Phänomen bei Temporallappenepilepsien, das häufig nicht erkannt oder als transiente globale Amnesie (TGA) fehldiagnostiziert wird. Als Ursache werden iktale und postiktale Störungen der Gedächtnisbildung postuliert, was auch durch das Ansprechen auf Antiepileptika gestützt wird. Angesichts der zunehmenden Zahl neu auftretender Epilepsien im höheren Lebensalter ist auch mit einer Zunahme der TEA zu rechnen.

Ziel der Arbeit

Analyse typischer Merkmale der TEA in einer monozentrischen Fallserie.

Material und Methoden

Mittels interner Datenbankanalyse wurden unter 7899 Patient*innen über einen Zeitraum von 8 Jahren 10 Patient*innen mit TEA identifiziert. Klinische Merkmale sowie Befunde der Zusatzdiagnostik wurden retrospektiv untersucht. Die Daten sind als Mittelwert ± SD angegeben.

Ergebnisse

Bei allen 10 Patient*innen wurde die Diagnose einer Temporallappenepilepsie gestellt. Das Lebensalter bei Erstmanifestation der TEA lag bei 59,1 ± 6,7 Jahren, die Diagnose wurde mit einer Latenz von 21,9 ± 26,3 Monaten gestellt. Eine TEA-Episode dauerte 56 ± 37 min an und trat pro Jahr 16 ± 9,9-mal auf; 6 von 10 Patient*innen berichteten über häufiges Auftreten direkt nach dem Erwachen. Bei 9 von 10 Patient*innen wurde über weitere Anfallstypen bzw. weitere semiologische Elemente während der TEA berichtet. Hinweise auf neuropsychologische Störungen temporaler Funktionen ergaben sich bei 8 von 10 Patient*innen, Hinweise auf eine depressive Störung bei 6 von 10 Patient*innen. Im Schlaf aktivierte epilepsietypische Aktivität wurde bei 4 Patient*innen temporal links sowie bei 2 Patient*innen temporal beidseits nachgewiesen. Bei 3 Patient*innen wurden mittels Kernspintomographie typische Auffälligkeiten im Bereich der temporomesialen Strukturen (bei 2 links, bei 1 rechts) nachgewiesen. Eine antiepileptische Therapie verbesserte die Anfallskontrolle bei 7 von 10 Patient*innen (Anfallsfreiheit bei 6 Patienten), bei 3 Patienten ist die therapeutische Wirkung unbekannt.

Diskussion

TEA sind selten, treten im höheren Erwachsenenalter auf und werden erst nach etwa 2 Jahren korrekt als epileptisches Phänomen diagnostiziert. Die gründliche Erfassung von Begleitsymptomen, die Umstände und das rezidivierende Auftreten sowie Hinweise auf eine Temporallappenepilepsie in den apparativen Zusatzuntersuchungen ermöglichen die Differenzierung zur TGA.
Potential of the zebrafish (Danio rerio) embryo test to discriminate between chemicals of similar molecular structure—a study with valproic acid and 14 of its analogues
Authors: Brotzmann Katharina , Escher Sylvia E. , Walker Paul , Braunbeck Thomas
Published: August 2022

Valproic acid is a frequently used antiepileptic drug and known pediatric hepatotoxic agent. In search of pharmaceuticals with increased effectiveness and reduced toxicity, analogue chemicals came into focus. So far, toxicity and teratogenicity data of drugs and metabolites have usually been collected from mammalian model systems such as mice and rats. However, in an attempt to reduce mammalian testing while maintaining the reliability of toxicity testing of new industrial chemicals and drugs, alternative test methods are being developed. To this end, the potential of the zebrafish (Danio rerio) embryo to discriminate between valproic acid and 14 analogues was investigated by exposing zebrafish embryos for 120 h post fertilization in the extended version of the fish embryo acute toxicity test (FET; OECD TG 236), and analyzing liver histology to evaluate the correlation of liver effects and the molecular structure of each compound. Although histological evaluation of zebrafish liver did not identify steatosis as the prominent adverse effect typical in human and mice, the structure–activity relationship (SAR) derived was comparable not only to human HepG2 cells, but also to available in vivo mouse and rat data. Thus, there is evidence that zebrafish embryos might serve as a tool to bridge the gap between subcellular, cell-based systems and vertebrate models.
Chromatographic separation of glycated peptide isomers derived from glucose and fructose
Authors: Schmutzler Sebastian , Hoffmann Ralf
Published: August 2022

Amino groups in proteins can react with aldehyde groups in aldoses or keto groups in ketoses, e.g., d-glucose and d-fructose, yielding Schiff bases that rearrange to more stable Amadori and Heyns products, respectively. Analytical strategies to identify and quantify each glycation product in the presence of the corresponding isomer are challenged by similar physicochemical properties, impeding chromatographic separations, and by identical masses including very similar fragmentation patterns in tandem mass spectrometry. Thus, we studied the separation of seven peptide families, each consisting of unmodified, glucated, and fructated 15mer to 22mer peptides using reversed-phase (RP) and hydrophilic interaction chromatography (HILIC). In RP-HPLC using acidic acetonitrile gradients, unglycated peptides eluted ~ 0.1 to 0.8 min after the corresponding glycated peptides with four of seven peptides being baseline separated. Isomeric glucated and fructated peptides typically coeluted, although two late-eluting peptides were partially separated. Neutral eluents (pH 7.2) improved the chromatographic resolution (Rs), especially in the presence of phosphate, providing good and often even baseline separations for six of the seven isomeric glycated peptide pairs with fructated peptides eluting earlier (Rs = 0.7 to 1.5). Some glucated and unmodified peptides coeluted, but they can be distinguished by mass spectrometry. HILIC separated glycated and unmodified peptides well, whereas glucated and fructated peptides typically coeluted. In conclusion, HILIC efficiently separated unmodified and the corresponding glycated peptides, while isomeric Amadori and Heyns peptides were best separated by RP-HPLC using phosphate buffered eluents.