bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Minimally invasive versus transcatheter closure of secundum atrial septal defects: a systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Goh Esther , Mohammed Haya , Salmasi Mohammad Yusuf , Ho Samantha , Benedetto Umberto , Caputo Massimo , Angelini Gianni , Vohra Hunaid A
Published: June 2021

Background:

Limited data exists demonstrating the efficacy of minimally invasive surgery (MIS) compared to transcatheter (TC) closure of atrial septal defects (ASD). This systematic review and meta-analysis aims to compare post-operative outcomes of MIS versus TC repair in ASD closure.

Methods:

PubMed, Medline and EMBASE were searched from inception until June 2018 for randomised and observational studies comparing post-operative outcomes for MIS and TC repair. The studies were reviewed for bias using the ROBINS-I Score and pooled in a meta-analysis using STATA (version 15).

Results:

Six observational studies, involving 1524 patients assessing three primary and five secondary outcomes were included. Evidence suggests TC repair yielded shorter hospital stay (MD = 3.32, 95% CI 1.04–5.60) and lower rates of transient atrial fibrillation (AF) (RR = 0.48, 95% CI 0.20–1.15). TC repair patients also had fewer pericardial effusions (RR = 0.27, 95% CI 0.05–1.54, I2 = 0.0%) and pneumothoraxes (RR = 0.18, 95% CI 0.04–0.80, I2 = 0.0%). However, TC repair results in more minor residual shunts (RR = 6.04, 95% CI 1.69–21.63 in favour of MIS, I2 = 39.0%). No differences were found for incidences of strokes (RR = 1.58, 95% CI 0.23–10.91, I2 = 19.3%), unexpected bleeding (RR = 0.44, 95% CI 0.19–1.04, I2 = 0.0%) and blood transfusion (RR = 0.39, 95% CI 0.09–1.59, I2 = 0.0%).

Conclusions:

MIS closure for ASD has similar outcomes compared to TC repair. However, the lack of randomised literature related to MIS versus TC repair for ASD closure warrants further evidence in the form of RCTs to further support these findings.
Variability of three activated clotting time point-of-care systems in cardiac surgery: reinforcing available evidence
Authors: Solís Clavijo Diego , Cotano Abel Ortega , Peña Nuria Alonso , Caballero Gálvez Sergio , Arellano Núñez Fernando , Carballo Caro Juan Manuel , Muñoz-Cacho Pedro , Tocón Alé Cristina
Published: June 2021

Background:

Cardiac surgery with extracorporeal circulation (ECC) requires the administration of anticoagulant drugs to maintain ACT ranges 400–600 seconds, which requires exhaustive coagulation monitoring for which various point-of-care devices are available. However, there is variability between them, so we aimed to compare the values in ACT measurement.

Methods:

Simultaneous ACT measurements were performed with the Hemochron Response®, Hemostasis Management System Plus® (HMS Plus®) and Hemochron Signature® systems.

Results:

A total of 255 simultaneous measurements were taken, the mean and standard deviation (SD) of each device were: Hemochron Signature® 361.1 seconds (SD: 156.9), HMS Plus® 412.8 seconds (SD: 180.9) and Hemochron Response® 422.8 seconds (SD: 187.9), being these differences statistically significant (Fridman’s test p < 0.01). For comparisons the Bland–Altman method was used, resulting the Hemochron Response® has 61.7 seconds higher mean values than the Hemochron Signature®, the Hemochron Response® 10 seconds higher than the HMS Plus® and the HMS Plus® 51.7 seconds higher than the Hemochron Signature®.

Conclusion:

The differences found in comparisons are considered to be clinically relevant, which is why it is considered important to make the variability of the different monitoring systems known and to take them into account for optimal control of this parameter and its clinical repercussions.
Capabilities for value co-creation and value capture in emergent platform ecosystems: A longitudinal case study of SAP’s cloud platform
Authors: Schreieck Maximilian , Wiesche Manuel , Krcmar Helmut
Published: June 2021

Companies across industries are shifting toward a platform ecosystem strategy. By leveraging cloud computing technologies, companies aim to benefit from collaboration with a wide range of third-party developers within emergent platform ecosystems. To succeed, these companies need to develop new organizational capabilities to co-create and capture value in platform ecosystems. To understand what capabilities are crucial to establish platform ecosystems and how they contribute to value co-creation and value capture, we conducted a multi-year, in-depth case study of SAP’s cloud platform project. We identified (1) technology-related capabilities (cloud-based platformization, open IT landscape management) and (2) relationship-driven capabilities (ecosystem orchestration, platform evangelism, platform co-selling) and illustrate how these capabilities help the platform owner to enable and balance value co-creation and value capture in an emergent platform ecosystem. With our findings, we contribute to the discussion on how companies can overcome the challenging emergent phase of platform ecosystems. We thereby bridge literature on value creation in platform ecosystems and on organizational capabilities. Though we conducted our study in the context of the enterprise software industry, we discuss how our findings apply to prospective platform owners from different contexts.
Exploring technological instantiation of regulatory practices in entangled financial markets
Authors: Currie Wendy L , Seddon Jonathan JM
Published: June 2021

The literature on the sociology of financial markets and institutional theory promotes concepts of field, networks, performativity, agencement and financial entropy. This study builds a conceptual model of technological instantiation of regulatory practices in financial markets. We observe how asset management firms instantiate technology as a material and social artefact to regulate the actions and behaviour of human agents. The structural-agency divide reveals the coercive role of regulators who impose stringent compliance practices on financial organizations by embedding formal rules and regulations in the software. Socio-technical conditions show how human agents interpret and apply these rules to circumvent formal regulatory policies and practices. Context-specific analysis shows technological performativity and agencement co-exist in financial fields that are becoming more entangled and fragmented. Regulators respond with more complex mandates to reduce entropy in financial markets characterized by extreme volatility and instability.
What does effective end-of-life care at home for children look like? A qualitative interview study exploring the perspectives of bereaved parents
Authors: Malcolm Cari , Knighting Katherine
Published: June 2021

Background:

End-of-life care for children with life-shortening conditions is provided in a range of settings including hospital, hospice and home. What home-based, end-of-life care should entail or what best practice might look like is not widely reported, particularly from the perspective of parents who experienced the death of a child at home.

Aim:

To explore the value and assess the effectiveness of an innovative model of care providing home-based, end-of-life care as perceived by families who accessed the service.

Design:

A qualitative descriptive study design was employed with in-depth semi-structured interviews conducted with bereaved parents.

Setting/participants:

Thirteen bereaved parents of 10 children supported by the home-based end-of-life care service.

Results:

Parents reported effective aspects of end-of-life care provided at home to include: (1) ability to facilitate changes in preferred place of death; (2) trusted relationships with care providers who really know the child and family; (3) provision of child and family-centred care; (4) specialist care and support provided by the service as and when needed; and (5) quality and compassionate death and bereavement care. Parents proposed recommendations for future home-based end-of-life care including shared learning, improving access to home-based care for other families and dispelling hospice myths.

Conclusion:

Parents with experience of caring for a dying child at home offer valuable input to future the policy and practice surrounding effective home-based, end-of-life care for children. New models of care or service developments should consider the key components and attributes for effective home-based end-of-life identified by bereaved parents in this study.
Health Literacy of Parents and Carers in a Regional Community: A Cross-Sectional Study
Authors: Leach Matthew J. , Nichols Sue , Trenholm Sven , Jones Martin
Published: June 2021

Background

Supporting a child’s healthy development is determined, in part, by a parent’s ability to seek, access, interpret and effectively utilize health information. This aspect of parenting draws on a set of skills referred to as health literacy.

Objective

To assess the level of health literacy among parents/carers in a regional South Australian community.

Methods

Parents/carers of primary school-aged children, residing in Whyalla, South Australia, were invited to complete the 13-item All Aspects of Health Literacy Survey.

Results

155 parents/carers completed the survey (79% mothers). Most participants were English-speaking (97%), employed (62%) and had 2–3 children (62%), with 52% completing tertiary education. Median total health literacy scores were mostly in the moderate-high range (median 27, IQR 26,27), as were critical health literacy scores (median 7, IQR 6,8). Higher scores were reported for functional health literacy (median 8, IQR 7,9), communicative health literacy (median 9, IQR 8,9) and empowerment health literacy (median 4, IQR 3,5).

Conclusions

Our findings reveal modest levels of health literacy among a sample of parents/carers of primary school-aged children in a regional South Australian community. Further work is needed to understand the differential effect of parental health literacy on child health outcomes, and the types of strategies that may mitigate the impact of these barriers on a child’s healthy development.
Finding Neymar: The Role of Colour in the Detection and Discrimination of Football Kits
Authors: Burnell Liam , Thompson Peter
Published: June 2021

Association Football (hereafter football) is a fast-moving sport in which rapid decisions need to be made; where are other players, are they on my team? Two experiments investigated how kit variations affect the search of teammates. Experiment 1 confirmed that discriminability is slower when playing in crossed kits (e.g., red shirts-blue shorts vs. blue shirts-red shorts), versus uniform kits (e.g., all red vs. all blue). Experiment 2 found that there is significant confusion when both teams wear the same-coloured shorts. Based on these findings, we suggest changes to the Laws of the game concerning kit colours.
“When I Take Drugs, I Don’t Care”: Insights into the Operational Dynamics of Male Violent Offenders in a Correctional Centre
Authors: Nnam Macpherson Uchenna , Ordu Gilbert Enyidah-Okey , Eteng Mary Juachi , Ukah Jonathan Akwagiobe , Arua Christopher Chukwu , Okechukwu Groupson-Paul , Obasi Cletus Onyema
Published: June 2021

This study investigated the operational dynamics of male violent offenders incarcerated in Abakaliki custodial center, Nigeria. A cross-sectional survey research design was adopted and purposive technique used to recruit 260 inmates charged with violent offenses. The data generated from structured questionnaire were analyzed using Predictive Analytic Software (PAS), with ordinary least regression, descriptive statistics and spearman rank order correlation techniques, employed in testing the variables explored. Findings revealed that this population use drugs to enhance criminal performance through being brutal; instilling fear in victims to secure their total compliance and submission; and suppressing regret for their criminal acts. Heroin, followed by, cocaine, cannabis, tramadol, and multiple drug use, were commonly used drugs in the population surveyed, with their offenses ranging from cultism, armed robbery, murder and burglary to kidnapping and assault and battery. Gaining insights into the changing operational knowledge, procedures and dynamics of violent offenders will (re)direct policy approach and action that are capable of increasing public and custodial safety. It will also orient and direct practical prison reforms for successful rehabilitation and reintegration of released inmates into the free world.
Factors Associated with Prolonged Institutionalization in Mentally Ill People with and Without a History of Violence and Legal Involvement: A Cross-Sectional Study
Authors: Carvalho de Oliveira Gustavo , Fraga Marina Clara Oliveira , da Silva Thayná Pereira , Bezerra Hiltanice Medeiros , Martins Valença Alexandre
Published: June 2021

This is a cross-sectional study carried out on 34 individuals hospitalized for a long period in the Federal District, in Brazil. To evaluate factors related to prolonged institutionalization in mental patients with history of violence and criminal records. Individuals found were assorted into two groups: with and without criminal records. We analyzed 56 items by reviewing medical records and health records. Demographic and social data, history of violence, criminal involvement, medical history, substance use, and other aspects related to long hospitalizations, by reviewing medical and health records. We found a profile of male individuals: single, male, with an average age of 47.6 years, low education, and little professional qualification from correctional facilities or long-term psychiatric clinics and hospitals. Most men had a history of aggressive behavior, a leading psychiatric diagnosis of psychosis, and an issue with polypharmacy. Two factors showed statistical significance and were highly related to longer institutionalizations: polypharmacy and records of hospitalization for violent behavior. Further studies with these populations are needed to increase knowledge on the subject. They can help health care systems to improve and provide broad, humanized and quality assistance with multi-professional teams, aiming to reduce prolonged hospitalizations.
Should Relapse Always Be Punished? A Survey Study into Forensic Social Professionals’ Attitudes to Substance Use
Authors: de Vogel Vivienne , Kleijer-Kool Lianne , Monnee-van Doormalen Jolein
Published: June 2021

Health professionals’ attitudes to substance abusers have been reported as suboptimal with potential adverse consequences for the quality of health care provided. Less is known about professionals working with addicted clients in mandated contexts. The aim of this study is to gain insight into forensic social professionals’ attitudes to substance use and examine differences between subgroups of professionals. An online survey including the Brief Substance Abuse Attitude Scale was completed by 314 Dutch forensic social professionals. Overall, forensic social professionals’ attitudes to substance use and treatability were positive, but there were differences regarding needed treatment interventions and ways of controlling substance use. Professionals who work within specialist addiction services had less moralistic and stereotypical attitudes. Professionals who have personal experiences with addiction reported to be more tolerant, but at the same time more convinced of strict control of substances use of their clients.
‘Everyday droning’: Towards a feminist geopolitics of the drone-home
Authors: Jackman Anna , Brickell Katherine
Published: June 2021

We live in an increasingly drone-saturated world. In this article, we bring drone scholarship and feminist geopolitics into dialogue to interrogate the drone-home. We re-orient military- and state-led accounts, foregrounding the growing range of non-state actors enacting and subject to the drone as it is increasingly employed in the Global North. In so doing, we develop the concept of ‘everyday droning’ as the honing and homing of military technology and drone capitalism. Examining militarization and enclosure at the scale of everyday home life, we urge future geographical work to engage with everyday droning being actively seeded in the domestic here-and-now.
Sharing stories: The Saskatchewan Aboriginal Storytelling project
Authors: Million Tara
Published: June 2021

The Saskatchewan Aboriginal Storytelling project is a month-long event in Saskatchewan, Canada, which celebrates the lives, histories, practices and cultures of First Nations, Métis, Inuit and non-Status peoples through storytelling. The Library Services for Saskatchewan Aboriginal Peoples committee oversees the project and employs a coordinator, who applies for grants, coordinates the project’s guidelines, and is the contact for site funding and event reporting. Since its launch in 2004, the Saskatchewan Aboriginal Storytelling project has grown significantly and has effectively promoted traditional storytelling, supported a network of Aboriginal storytellers, and helped to create stronger relationships between Aboriginal peoples and libraries. The Saskatchewan Aboriginal Storytelling project is a dynamic methodological and theoretical model for decolonizing library spaces, programmes and collections through celebrating Aboriginal oral traditions.
Empirical Estimation of Shortest Route Length along U.S. Interstate Highways Based on Great Circle Distance
Authors: Liu Nawei , Xie Fei , Lin Zhenhong , Jin Mingzhou
Published: June 2021

In this study, 98 regression models were specified for easily estimating shortest distances based on great circle distances along the U.S. interstate highways nationwide and for each of the continental 48 states. This allows transportation professionals to quickly generate distance, or even distance matrix, without expending significant efforts on complicated shortest path calculations. For simple usage by all professionals, all models are present in the simple linear regression form. Only one explanatory variable, the great circle distance, is considered to calculate the route distance. For each geographic scope (i.e., the national or one of the states), two different models were considered, with and without the intercept. Based on the adjusted R-squared, it was observed that models without intercepts generally have better fitness. All these models generally have good fitness with the linear regression relationship between the great circle distance and route distance. At the state level, significant variations in the slope coefficients between the state-level models were also observed. Furthermore, a preliminary analysis of the effect of highway density on this variation was conducted.
Ecological and Population Validity of Mathematics Interventions for Diverse Students With Low Mathematics Achievement: A Meta-Analysis
Authors: Dennis Minyi Shih , Sorrells Audrey M. , Chovanes Jacquelyn , Kiru Elisheba W.
Published: June 2021

This meta-analysis examined the ecological and population validity of intervention research for students with low mathematics achievement (SWLMA). Forty-four studies published between 2005 and 2019 that met the inclusionary criterion were included in this analysis. Our findings suggest, to improve the external validity and generalizability of research, more detailed descriptions of participants and the socio-cultural contexts of the intervention studies are warranted.
When “the Dream Dies” But the Ideal Persists: Representations of the Couple Relationship and Its Connection To Intimate Partner Violence Experiences
Authors: Lelaurain Solveig , Restivo Léa , Apostolidis Thémis
Published: June 2021

Intimate partner violence (IPV) is now recognized internationally as a significant problem against which public action is being taken. However, victims commonly disclose little of this violence. The understanding of sociocultural factors that prevent women from talking about their male partner’s violence towards them thus appears to be an important issue. Using a qualitative approach, this study examines the representations that women survivors of IPV draw on to give meaning to the couple relationship and the links that these representations maintain with IPV and the help-seeking process. Nineteen women, who had previously experienced abuse from an intimate partner, participated in semi-structured interviews. Despite the experience of violence, an idealized vision of the couple relationship persists among the majority of respondents and conflicts with their experience of violence. This gap between an ideal and lived experience appears to be a major source of suffering for the participants who thus develop different strategies to preserve their ideal. These strategies appear to have the effect of minimizing and concealing violence.
The Development and Psychometric Assessment of a Coping Inventory for Intimate Partner Violence Among Abused Iranian Women
Authors: Taherkhani Sakineh
Published: June 2021

Helping abused Iranian women better cope with intimate partner violence (IPV) requires measuring their coping strategies. The review of literature on the subject showed that there is no context-based instrument for measuring coping with IPV among abused Iranian women. The present study was thus conducted to develop and perform the psychometric assessment of a coping inventory for intimate partner violence (CIIPV) in abused Iranian women.

In this methodological study, two consecutive studies were carried out for the development and psychometric assessment of CIIPV. In the first study, the inventory items were designed based on the results of a previous qualitative study that was conducted to identify the coping strategies used for IPV among abused Iranian women. In the second study, the inventory’s validity and reliability were examined. The face validity, content validity, construct validity, and convergent validity of the inventory were also evaluated. Moreover, to assess the reliability of the inventory, its internal consistency was estimated using Cronbach’s alpha coefficient.

A total of 58 items were designed in the first study and then psychometrically assessed. The final version of the inventory comprised 29 items and 6 factors, including negotiation, instrumental action, help-seeking, positive cognitive restructuring, spiritual support-seeking, and distraction. The content validity index of the entire inventory was 1. The extracted factors explained 75.44% of the variance. The convergent validity of the CIIPV was confirmed with a medium positive relationship between the conceptually similar subscales in the two instruments CIIPV and the Ways of Coping Questionnaire. Furthermore, the Cronbach’s alpha coefficient of the entire inventory was 0.86, indicating its suitable reliability. Given the results, the CIIPV is a valid and reliable domain-specific tool to measure the coping strategies used for IPV among abused Iranian women.
Rigor and Respect: Recruitment Strategies for Engaging Vulnerable Populations in Research
Authors: O’Brien Jennifer E. , Brewer Kathryne B. , Jones Lisa M. , Corkhum Jena , Rizo Cynthia Fraga
Published: June 2021

Engaging vulnerable populations in research is a critical focus for researchers seeking to find ways to improve safety and well-being for broader populations. Vulnerabilities often co-occur, meaning that individuals may experience vulnerabilities in multiple facets of their life (e.g., victim of abuse and mental health diagnoses). Unfortunately, many vulnerable populations remain underinvestigated due to difficulty reaching, engaging, and safely including such populations in research. While most researchers assert the importance of including vulnerable populations in research, few actively and successfully recruit them. Many vulnerable populations are understandably weary of research participation. Victims and survivors of domestic minor sex trafficking (DMST) are one such vulnerable population, in that identification may incur substantial risk for DMST victim’s physical safety and well-being. In addition, DMST victims and survivors often experience co-occurring vulnerabilities including substance use, histories of abuse, delinquency, and poor mental health. Accordingly, they are notoriously difficult to recruit for research participation. The current paper uses a detailed case example to describe the recruitment and retention strategies used by one researcher to promote DMST survivor research participation. A candid account of challenges, successes, and lessons learned is offered in service of building methodological techniques for recruitment that both honor participant experiences while championing methodological rigor. Findings detail the importance of trust and a trauma-informed approach to qualitative data collection and analysis. Authors include specific strategies to promote comfort and candor amid traumatic response in ways that may empower research participants. A detailed discussion of how such strategies may be adapted for vulnerable populations beyond DMST victims and survivors is provided.
Stalkers: Specialists Versus Generalists
Authors: Sheridan Lorraine , Bendlin Martyna , House Paul
Published: June 2021

Abstract

It is known that many domestic violence (DV) offenders also commit violent and nonviolent offences that are not domestic in nature. Stalking frequently evolves from DV contexts. The present study used police data to explore (i) the extent to which stalking offenders in Western Australia specialize in stalking, (ii) the frequency of involvement in DV offending by stalking offenders, and (iii) the types of offences that co-occur with stalking offences. The dataset covered 404 individuals who were identified by the Western Australia Police Force as the offender for a stalking offence between January 1st, 2003 and July 30th, 2017. Only a minority of the offenders specialized in stalking, with the majority offending in other ways against the index victim and also offending against others via a broad range of offences. Although less than 10% were recorded as having carried out domestic assaults, more than half had broken restraining orders. Like DV offenders, the stalkers in this sample were largely generalist offenders. It was not clear, however, what proportion of offences against the same index victim were directly related to stalking. Stalking is a course of conduct that often involves individual acts that may be offences in themselves. What is clearer is the finding that for many stalkers, stalking forms part of a wider pattern of antisocial activity. Those stalkers who do not specialize in stalking may be less likely to benefit from intervention efforts that are focused solely on stalking.
The Deleterious Effect of Victimization on Just World Beliefs
Authors: Catlin Mary , Scherr Kyle C.
Published: June 2021

Being a victim of a violent crime is a traumatic experience. Sexual victimization, in particular, may be powerful enough to change presumably stable worldviews like just world beliefs. Across two large samples, we examined the influence of sexual victimization on just world beliefs. Results of Study 1 ( N = 727) indicated that victims of sexual aggression had significantly lower levels of just world beliefs compared to nonvictims. Other researchers have claimed that sexual aggression is a uniquely intense traumatic event. Therefore, in a second study, we examined (a) whether just world belief endorsement was associated with the frequency of victimization, and (b) whether sexual aggression was unique in its effect on just world belief endorsement compared to other crimes such as physical assault. Results of Study 2 ( N = 2,011) indicated that multiple incidents of victimization did not meaningfully impact just world beliefs compared to a single instance and just world belief endorsement was not significantly different across victims of sexual aggression, robbery, physical assault, or arson. An exploratory analysis, however, indicated there was a significant difference in victims’ behavior such that victims of sexual aggression were the least likely to have reported the crime. We end with a discussion of how the present research can advance our understanding of just world belief ideology and discuss the practical implications for professionals working with and studying victims of violent crimes.
The Impact of COVID-19 and Quarantine on Suicidality in Geriatric Inpatients—A Case Report
Authors: Hophing Megan , Zimmerman-Winslow Katie-Joy , Basu Arnabh , Jacob Theresa
Published: June 2021

The mental health burden of COVID-19 and associated quarantine can be enormous for the elderly. Being at higher risk for serious illnesses results in them being further isolated at a time of prolonged social distancing. In the following suicide-attempt cases, we examine the effects of quarantine and a global pandemic that expose the elderly to increased risk for negative mental health outcomes. Examining defense mechanisms and the effects of quarantine may help healthcare professionals better identify individuals at higher risk during times of crises that warrant isolation and quarantine, and provide appropriate interventions.
Impact of socio-economic status and race on emergency hospital admission outcomes: Analysis from hospital admissions between 2001 and 2012
Authors: Davidson Thomas , Mirza Farhaan , Baig Mirza M
Published: June 2021

Socio-economic and racial/ethnic disparities in healthcare quality have been the point of huge discussion and debate. There is currently a public debate over healthcare legislation in the United States to eliminate the disparities in healthcare. We reviewed the literature and critically examined standard socio-economic and racial/ethnic measurement approaches. As a result of the literature review, we identified and discussed the limitations in existing quality assessment for identifying and addressing these disparities. The aim of this research was to investigate the difference between health outcomes based on patients’ ability to pay and ethnic status during a single emergency admission. We conducted a multifactorial analysis using the 11-year admissions data from a single hospital to test the bias in short-term health outcomes for length of stay and death rate, based on ‘payment type’ and ‘race’, for emergency hospital admissions. Inconclusive findings for racial bias in outcomes may be influenced by different insurance and demographic profiles by race. As a result, we found that the Self-Pay (no insurance) category has the shortest statistically significant length of stay. While the differences between Medicare, Private and Government are not significant, Self-Pay was significantly shorter. That ‘Whites’ have more Medicare (older) patients than ‘Blacks’ might possibly lead to a longer length of stay and higher death rate for the group.
Numerical simulation and experimental performance research of cylindrical vane pump
Authors: Cheng Yiqi , Wang Xinhua , Ur Rehman Waheed , Sun Tao , Shahzad Hasan , Chai Hui
Published: June 2021

This study presents a novel cylindrical vane pump based on the traditional working principle. The efficiency of the cylindrical vane pump was verified by experimental validation and numerical analysis. Numerical analysis, such as kinematics analysis, was performed in Pro/Mechanism and unsteady flow-field analysis was performed using ANSYS FLUENT. The stator surface equations were derived using the geometric theory of the applied spatial triangulation function. A three-dimensional model of the cylindrical vane pump was established with the help of MATLAB and Pro/E. The kinematic analysis helped in developing kinematic equations for cylindrical vane pumps and proved the effectiveness of the structural design. The maximum inaccuracy error of the computational fluid dynamics (CFD) model was 5.7% compared with the experimental results, and the CFD results show that the structure of the pump was reasonable. An experimental test bench was developed, and the results were in excellent agreement with the numerical results of CFD. The experimental results show that the cylindrical vane pump satisfied the three-element design of a positive-displacement pump and the trend of changes in efficiency was the same for all types of efficiency under different operating conditions. Furthermore, the volumetric efficiency presented a nonlinear positive correlation with increased rotational velocity, the mechanical efficiency showed a nonlinear negative correlation, and the total efficiency first increased and then decreased. When the rotational velocity was 1.33[Formula: see text] and the discharge pressure was 0.68[Formula: see text], the total efficiency reached its maximum value.
Research on sealing characteristics of annular power cylinder based on twin-rotor piston engine
Authors: Pan Dibo , Xu Haijun , Liu Bolong , Yang Congnan
Published: June 2021

The sealing characteristics of an annular power cylinder based on the Twin-rotor piston engine are studied, which provides a theoretical foundation for the sealing design of a new high-power density piston engine. In this paper, the basis thermodynamic realization process of an annular power cylinder is presented. The Runge Kutta equation is used to establish the coupled leakage model of adjacent working chambers under annular piston seal. And the sealing performance of the annular power cylinder is analyzed in detail. Moreover, the influence of rotor speed and compression ratio on the sealing characteristics and leakage is studied. Finally, some tests are carried out to verify the sealing principle and simulation results, which verifies the theoretical basis of simulation analysis. Results show that there are double pressure peaks in the leakage chamber between two working chambers, which is beneficial to reduce the leakage rate. Besides, increasing the speed and decreasing the compression ratio can help to reduce gas leakage. Furthermore, the effects of speed variation on the leakage are only significant when rotating at low speed. Changing the compression ratio has a greater effect on the slope of the leakage curve at a low compression ratio, and the lower the compression ratio, the better the sealing effect.
Beyond the Shape of Things: Infants Can Be Taught to Generalize Nouns by Objects’ Functions
Authors: Zuniga-Montanez Cecilia , Kita Sotaro , Aussems Suzanne , Krott Andrea
Published: June 2021

Two-year-olds typically extend labels of novel objects by the objects’ shape ( shape bias), whereas adults do so by the objects’ function. Is this because shape is conceptually easier to comprehend than function? To test whether the conceptual complexity of function prevents infants from developing a function bias, we trained twelve 17-month-olds (function-training group) to focus on objects’ functions when labeling the objects over a period of 7 weeks. Our training was similar to previously used methods in which 17-month-olds were successfully taught to focus on the shape of objects, resulting in a precocious shape bias. We exposed another 12 infants (control group) to the same objects over 7 weeks but without labeling the items or demonstrating their functions. Only the infants in the function-training group developed a function bias. Thus, the conceptual complexity of function was not a barrier for developing a function bias, which suggests that the shape bias emerges naturally because shape is perceptually more accessible than function.
Corruption in a Greek context: Analyzing a newspaper’s discourse on a major political scandal
Authors: Sakellariou Aggeliki , Goutsos Dionysis
Published: June 2021

In this paper we examine the discourse on political corruption, with a focus on accusations of corruption and the self-defence discourse of the accused person. For this purpose, we study the discourse of the corruption scandal related with the Greek ex-Defence Minister Akis Tsohatzopoulos in 2011, as presented in articles published in the newspaper I Kathimerini. We specifically discuss how the accused is presented in the newspaper, how the accused presents himself and rebuts accusations and the newspaper’s stance, including the recontextualization of his discourse. By using tools of corpus linguistics in combination with Critical Discourse Analysis notions, our analysis points to the discourse strategies used, the extended application of topoi (namely of burden, responsibility, the scapegoat, and reality/appearance) and the biased treatment of the accused’s discourse, which is not only underrepresented but also distorted and ironically treated, suggesting that traditional Press in the Greek context aligns with political parties and the powerful through an array of linguistic devices.
Relegating expertise: The outward and inward positioning of librarians in information literacy education
Authors: Hicks Alison , Lloyd Annemaree
Published: June 2021

Previous research has demonstrated that professional narratives reference discourses that shape the practice of information literacy within higher education. This article uses discourse analysis method to identify how information literacy discourses construct and position teaching librarians within higher education. Texts analysed include four recent English-language models of information literacy and 16 textbooks. Analysis suggests the existence of two distinct narratives related to the role, expertise and professional practice of teaching librarians. In the outward-facing narrative librarian work is typically absent from guidelines for practice. In contrast, book introductions, which constitute the inward-facing narrative, centre professional librarians yet simultaneously position them as incompetent, or as lacking the skills and understandings that they need to be effective in this setting. These narratives constitute a form of othering that threatens professional practice at a time when the professionalisation of librarianship is being drawn into question. This article represents the second in a research programme that interrogates the epistemological premises and discourses of information literacy within higher education.
Understanding the impact of systemic lupus erythematosus on work amongst South Asian people in the UK: An explorative qualitative study
Authors: Ubhi Mandeep , Dubey Shirish , Gordon Caroline , Adizie Tochukwu , Sheeran Tom , Allen Kerry , Jordan Rachel , Sadhra Steven , Adams Jo , Daji Rashmika , Reynolds John A , Kumar Kanta
Published: June 2021

SLE has a range of fluctuating symptoms affecting individuals and their ability to work. Although South Asian (SA) patients are at increased risk of developing SLE there is limited knowledge of the impact on employment for these patients in the UK. Understanding ethnicity and disease-specific issues are important to ensure patients are adequately supported at work. Semi-structured interviews were conducted with patients of SA origin to explore how SLE impacted on their employment. Thematic analysis was used to analyse the data which are reported following COREQ guidelines. Ten patients (8 female; 2 male) were recruited from three rheumatology centres in the UK and interviewed between November 2019 and March 2020. Patients were from Indian (n = 8) or Pakistani (n = 2) origin and worked in a range of employment sectors. Four themes emerged from the data: (1) Disease related factors; (2) Employment related factors; (3) Cultural and interpersonal factors impacting on work ability; (4) Recommendations for improvement. Patients’ ability to work was affected by variable work-related support from their hospital clinicians, low awareness of SLE and variable support from their employers, and cultural barriers in their communities that could affect levels of family support received. These findings highlight the need for additional support for SA patients with SLE in the workplace.
Life-Span Learning and Development and Its Implications for Workplace Training
Authors: Beier Margaret E.
Published: June 2021

Researchers often focus on age-related declines rather than the development associated with lifelong learning. Focusing on working-age people (those between the ages of 18 and 70), I describe age-related changes in abilities and motivation that affect lifelong learning and research showing that older learners can and do learn when content is aligned with their prior knowledge and interests. I further describe lifelong learning in the context of workplace training and development, highlighting the workplace as a central environment for continuous learning and the imperative for workers to continually update their skills to remain employed and employable.
Disability Law in a Pandemic: The Temporal Folds of Medico-legal Violence
Authors: Spivakovsky Claire , Steele Linda Roslyn
Published: June 2021

Disabled people are subject to disability laws – such as guardianship, mental health and mental capacity legislation – which only apply to them, and which enable legal violence on the basis of disability (‘disability-specific lawful violence’). While public health laws during the COVID-19 pandemic enabled coercive interventions in the general population, disabled people have additionally been subject to the continued, and at times intensified, operation of disability laws and their lawful violence. In this article we engage with scholarship on law, temporality and disability to explore the amplification of disability-specific lawful violence during the pandemic. We show how this amplification has been made possible through the folding of longstanding assumptions about disabled people – as at risk of police contact; as vulnerable, unhealthy and contaminating – into the immediate crisis of the pandemic; ignoring structural drivers of oppression, and responsibilising disabled people for their circumstances and the violence they experience.
Olfactory ganglioneuroblastoma in a dog: case report and literature review
Authors: Romano Ashley M. , Frank Chad B.
Published: June 2021

A 7-y-old, intact male Alaskan Malamute was presented with a 3-mo history of stertor and epistaxis. Computed tomography of the skull revealed generalized loss of gas throughout both nasal passages with replacement by a soft tissue mass that traversed the cribriform plate. Histopathology revealed neoplastic neuroblast cells arranged in anastomosing cords, as well as separately located aggregates of ganglion cells. Both neoplastic cell populations demonstrated immunoreactivity to MAP-2, TuJ-1, and synaptophysin. Neuroblastic cells additionally exhibited punctate immunoreactivity to MCK and CK8/18. We document here both the positive neural immunohistochemical markers for this neoplasm, as well as propose possible histomorphologic variants.
SARS-CoV2 spike protein gene variants with N501T and G142D mutation–dominated infections in mink in the United States
Authors: Cai Hugh Y. , Cai Allison
Published: June 2021

Large numbers of mink have been infected with SARS-CoV2 containing the spike protein Y453F mutation in Europe, causing zoonosis concerns. To evaluate the genetic characteristics of the U.S. and Canadian mink–derived SARS-CoV2 sequences, we analyzed all animal-derived (977) and all Canadian (19,529) and U.S. (173,277) SARS-CoV2 sequences deposited in GISAID from December 2019 to March 12, 2021, and identified 2 dominant novel variants, the N501T-G142D variant and N501T-G142D-F486L variant, in the U.S. mink–derived SARS-CoV2 sequences. These variants were not found in mink from Canada or other countries. The Y453F mutation was not identified in the mink-derived sequences in the United States and Canada. The N501T mutation occurred 2 mo earlier in humans than in mink in the United States, and the novel N501T-G142D and N501T-G142D-F486L variants were found in humans prior to mink. Our results suggest that the novel SARS-CoV2 variants may have evolved during human infection and were then transmitted to mink populations in the United States.
The Development of a Situation-Specific Nurse-Led Culturally Tailored Self-Management Theory for Chinese Patients With Heart Failure
Authors: Jin Yuanyuan , Peng Youqing
Published: June 2021

Introduction:

Self-management is essential for treating heart failure (HF). Culture influences the ability to cope, negotiate, and adopt self-management behaviors. However, current HF self-management interventions for Chinese patients do not take culture into consideration. The aim of this article is to describe the development of a situation-specific nurse-led culturally tailored self-management theory for Chinese patients with HF.

Methodology:

An integrative approach was used as theory development strategy for the situation-specific theory.

Results:

Based on theoretical and empirical evidence, and theorists’ experiences from research and practice, a nurse-led culturally tailored self-management theory for Chinese patients with HF was developed.

Discussion:

Researchers addressing health phenomena often have difficulty defining, conceptualizing, and operationalizing culture. The situation-specific theory developed in this study has the potential to increase specificity (i.e., logical adequacy and usefulness) of existing theories while informing the application to nursing practice. Further critique and testing of the situation-specific theory is warranted.
Self-Management in Older Pakistanis Living With Multimorbidity in East London
Authors: Sultan Najia , Swinglehurst Deborah
Published: June 2021

In this article, we explore how older British Pakistani people experience multimorbidity (defined as the coexistence of two or more medical conditions) and engage with self-management within the context of their life histories and relationships. We conducted biographical narrative interviews in Urdu and/or English with 15 first-generation Pakistani migrants living with multimorbidity, at their homes in East London. Our analysis showed that the triadic construct of family, faith, and health was central to how participants made sense of their lives, constituting notions of “managing” in the context of multimorbidity. For Pakistani patients, the lived experience of health was inseparable from a situated context of family and faith. Our findings have implications for existing public health strategies of self-management, underpinned by neoliberal discourses that focus on individual responsibility and agency. Health care provision needs to better integrate the importance of relationships between family, faith, and health when developing services for these patients.
Comparison of Early Versus Late Initiation of Hydrocortisone in Patients With Septic Shock in the ICU Setting
Authors: Ragoonanan David , Allen Bryan , Cannon Chad , Rottman-Pietrzak Kathleen , Bello Abdel
Published: June 2021

Background:

Multiple publications demonstrate an association between time to initiation of corticosteroids and outcomes such as mortality and reversal of shock. However, the optimal time to initiate hydrocortisone remains unknown.

Objective:

To evaluate the impact of early versus late initiation of hydrocortisone in septic shock patients.

Methods:

A retrospective, multicentered, observational study was conducted. Adults admitted from July 1, 2014, to August 31, 2019, diagnosed with septic shock receiving vasopressors and low-dose hydrocortisone were evaluated. Participants were divided into the “early” group if hydrocortisone was initiated within 12 hours or “late” group if initiated after 12 hours of vasopressor initiation. The primary outcome was time to vasopressor discontinuation. Secondary outcomes included in-hospital mortality, intensive care unit (ICU) and hospital length of stay (LOS), vasopressor utilization, fluids administered, and need for renal replacement therapy.

Results:

A total of 198 patients were identified for inclusion in this propensity score–weighted cohort: 99 in the early group and 99 in the late group. Early initiation was associated with shorter time to vasopressor discontinuation compared with late initiation (40.7 vs 60.6 hours; P = 0.0002). There was also a reduction in ICU LOS (3.6 vs 5.1 days; P = 0.0147) and hospital LOS (8.9 vs 10.9 days; P = 0.0220) seen in the early group. There was no difference in mortality between groups.

Conclusion and Relevance:

In this propensity-matched cohort, administration of hydrocortisone within 12 hours from the onset of septic shock was associated with improved time to vasopressor discontinuation and reduced ICU and hospital LOS.