bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Formulation and In Vitro Characterization of Tea Tree Oil Anti-Dandruff
Shampoo
Authors: Yousaf Abid Mehmood , Umar Humra , Mahmood Tariq , Hussain Talib , Aslam Rabia , Shahzad Yasser
Published: April 2021

Background:

Dandruff is a common scalp condition affecting half of the population of the
world.

Objective:

The current study aimed at developing anti-dandruff shampoos containing tea tree oil, which
is believed to be effective against Malassezia furfur, a fungus involved in dandruff production.

Methodology:

Various shampoos containing tea tree oil in 0.5 to 3% concentration were prepared after
careful selection of various shampoo ingredients. The formulated shampoos were subjected to various
quality tests such as pH, viscosity, foam production, dirt dispersion, wetting time, surface tension, solid
contents, and antimicrobial activity against a model fungal strain, namely Candida albicans. The formulated
shampoos were also compared with the marketed shampoos for quality attributes.

Results:

The results revealed that tea tree oil shampoos had pH values in the range of 5 – 6, which is
close to the slightly acidic skin’s pH and considered as good for hair. All other quality attributes were
comparable to the marketed products. The marketed shampoos had superior antifungal activity due to the
presence of zinc pyrithione or a higher concentration of salicylic acid or selenium sulfide. Notwithstanding,
the tea tree oil shampoos demonstrated an appreciable antifungal activity due to synergistic effects
of tea tree oil, sodium lauryl sulphate, and salicylic acid. Furthermore, the tea tree oil shampoos were
stable during two months-long stability testing.

Conclusion:

Thus, tea tree oil anti-dandruff shampoos have the potential to address the dandruff problem.
Potential the Black Soldier Fly (Hermetia illucens) in Feed Formulation for Growth of Common Carp (Cyprinus carpio L.)
Authors: Azizah Ayu Azkiyah , Ekawati Arning Wilujeng , Nursyam Happy
Published: April 2021

The utilization of maggot as larvae from black soldier fly is an alternative substitution of fish meal as the primary protein source in fish feed. Maggot is cultivated in 3 different cultivation, the medium used is organic waste, tofu waste, and wheat pollard. The method that used in this research is Completely Randomized Design (CRD) with 3 treatments and 3 replication. This study aims to determine the effect of various types of maggot growth media, 1) with maggot biomass parameters, containers, and growing media conditions maggot, 2) then, exact proximate composition, total amino acids content of the prepupae samples were determined. Based on the results of the analysis, each dose of treatment (media) has an influence on the different maggot biomass. The best media treatment results are pollard flour. The proximate analysis showed that BSF larvae had a protein content of 50,88% and also fat content of 15%.
Authors: Crihan Ecaterina
Published: April 2021

O aparecimento do Ártico nos media internacionais não será uma novidade nos próximos anos, visto que esta região ganhou uma maior importância no século XXI. Sendo uma zona rica em recursos hidrográficos não é de estranhar que os países costeiros possuam interesse sobre a mesma. Atualmente, já se destaca um país que desde a terceira presidência do seu líder avançou bastante e ganhou o estatuto de líder Ártico - a Rússia de Vladimir Putin.
Tendo a maior frota de quebra-gelos e sendo beneficiado pela natureza por ter a parte mais rica em recursos naturais do Ártico, é evidente que Moscovo tudo fará para a proteger e procurará estender a sua plataforma continental até ao Pólo Norte. 
Mesmo não sendo reconhecido internacionalmente, os russos consideram a Northern Sea Route como parte da sua zona de influência ártica. Para poder competir com o Canal do Suez, a Rússia investiu em infra-estruturas e transporte, procurando atrair parceiros estrangeiros para desenvolver mais a sua parte do Ártico. 
O risco aumenta quando o Kremlin militariza a zona ártica, e a Organização do Tratado do Atlântico Norte organiza na região os treinos militares que têm por base o artigo 5 do Tratado do Atlântico Norte (BBC News, 2019, n.d). 
O presente estudo de caso baseia-se numa análise documental de natureza hipotético-dedutiva, e possui o objetivo de procurar identificar as características da política externa e da estratégia russa, durante o terceiro mandato presidencial de Putin 2012-2018.
Social protests and government responsiveness in Nigeria: a study on Bring Back Our Girls Movement
Authors: Idowu Aluko Opeyemi
Published: April 2021

Socio-political movements in any country seek to ensure what they perceive to be equity in governance, accountability of government personnel and prevent issues that could lead to injustice and violence if left unattended. Socio-political movements exist worldwide and, thus, are not peculiar to developing countries. They are excellent tools for expressing democratic nature of a given society and a tool for contestation against undemocratic governments. This paper analyses the actions and reactions of the Bring Back Our Girls (BBOG) socio-political movement in Nigeria. The research question is to what extent has the movement been able to achieve accountability from the government in the quest of restoring the missing Chibok girls? The relative deprivation theoretical framework and political settlement analysis are employed to show the impact of the group reactions on the actions of the government. The analysis domiciles on the government of Nigeria. The paper concludes that democratic growth and development are sustained whenever citizens are able to approach the government by means of social movements and peaceful contestation.
Resumo

Os movimentos sociopolíticos em qualquer país procuram garantir o que consideram ser equidade na governança, responsabilização do governo e prevenir questões que poderiam levar à injustiça e violência se não fossem atendidas. Os movimentos sócio-políticos existem em todo o mundo e, portanto, não são peculiares aos países em desenvolvimento. São excelentes ferramentas para expressar a natureza democrática de uma determinada sociedade e uma ferramenta de contestação contra governos não democráticos. Este artigo analisa as ações e reações do movimento sócio-político Bring Back Our Girls (BBOG) na Nigéria. A questão de investigação é perceber até que ponto o movimento foi capaz de obter a responsabilização do governo no retorno das jovens Chibok desaparecidas. A análise do acordo político é utilizado para mostrar o impacto das reações de grupo nas ações do governo. A análise foca-se no governo da Nigéria. O artigo conclui que o crescimento e desenvolvimento democráticos são sustentados sempre que os cidadãos se conseguem aproximar do governo por meio de movimentos sociais e contestação pacífica.
EPISTEMOLOGI THOMAS S. KUHN DAN MUNCULNYA ILMU PENGETAHUAN SOSIAL
Authors: Sudrajat Sudrajat , Ma'ruf Hamka Mujahid , Sudrajat Ajat , Damayanti Septi Nur
Published: April 2021

Pada fase normal science, paradigma yang mapan sudah tidak dilihat secara kritis. Paradigma tersebut sudah dianggap benar begitu saja, taken for granted. Sampai akhirnya, paradigma yang mapan ini digugat karena ada anomali dimana muncul masalah atau pertanyaan-pertanyaan yang tidak sanggup lagi dijawab oleh paradigma lama. Kemudian masuklah pada fase krisis. Pada fase krisis, paradigma lama bertarung dengan paradigma baru. Jika paradigma baru menang dan masyarakat ilmiah menyepakati kebenaran paradigma baru tersebut maka lahirlah apa yang disebut sebagai revolusi saintifik dimana paradigma lama tergeser oleh paradigma baru. Thomas Kuhn tidak melihat klaim objektivitas pengetahuan dari sisi perkembangan pengetahuan itu sendiri. Kuhn melihat objektivitas pengetahuan dan keilmuan itu sendiri di dalam perkembangan pengetahuan di dalam pertemuan antarmanusia di dalam masyarakat. Sumber pertumbuhan dan pemekaran bukan saja dari masalah-masalah internal pengetahuan, tetapi dari faktor-faktor sosial yang majemuk dan dinamis. Akibatnya, tidak ada klaim objektivitas yang bersifat tunggal (kumulatif) di dalam pengetahuan atau keilmuan. Oleh karena itu, semestinya tidak ada ilmu normal yang bertahan terus apalagi menjadi abadi karena pengetahuan atau ilmu selalu berada pada tuntutan dinamika sosial kemanusiaan yang dinamis dan majemuk. Fase normal science cepat atau lambat, akan mengalami anomali, krisis, dan akhirnya terjadilah revolusi dimana paradigma lama digantikan oleh paradigma baru.
PENERAPAN COOPERATIVE SCRIPT UNTUK MENINGKATKAN KEAKTIFAN SISWA KELAS VIII C SMP NEGERI 2 TEMON KULON PROGO
Authors: Raharjo Langgeng
Published: April 2021

Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui implement-tasi pembelajaran cooperative script dapat meningkatkan pemahaman dan meningkatkan keatifan siswa kelas VIII C SMP Negeri 2 Temon. Dengan menggunakan metode cooperative script diharapkan mengefektifkan pembelajaran khususnya pembelajar-an IPS. Subyek penelitian ditujukan pada seluruh siswa kelas VIII C SMP N 2 Temon Kabupaten Kulon Progo. Penelitian ini menggunakan analisis secara diskripsi kualitatif dengan analisisnya menggunakan teknik analisis kritis model siklus melalui langkah: perencanaan, tindakan, pengamatan, dan refleksi. Teknik yang digunakan untuk mengumpulkan data meliputi pengamatan dan dokumen pre test dan post test tiap siklus. Pada kondisi siklus I hasil belajar siswa rendah, siswa yang mendapat nilai < 76 sebanyak 30 (93.75%) siswa; nilai 76 -100 sebanyak 2 (6.25%) siswa. Hasil post testnya siswa yang mendapat nilai < 76 sebanyak 19 (59.37%); nilai 76 -100 sebanyak 13 (40.63%) siswa. Ketuntasan hasil belajar pada siklus ini 13 (63.75%)  siswa dengan kondisi awalnya hanya 2 (43.13%) siswa. Pada pre tes siklus II, siswa yang mendapat nilai < 76 sebanyak 28 (87.50%) siswa; nilai 76-100 sebanyak 4 (12.50%) siswa. Pada post testnya siswa yang mendapat nilai < 76 sebanyak 15 (46.88%); nilai 76 -100 sebanyak 17 (53.12%) siswa. Ketuntasan  hasil belajar pada siklus ini 17 (71.88%)  siswa dengan kondisi awalnya hanya 4 (43.75%) siswa. Skor keaktifan pra siklus secara keseluruhan adalah 49,61 % dan ini masuk dalam kategori kurang aktif. Skor keaktifan siklus 1 secara keseluruhan adalah 57,52 %. Keaktifan siklus 2 secara keseluruhan adalah 85,55 % dan ini masuk dalam kategori sangat aktif. Berdasarkan hasil tersebut menunjukan penggunaan model cooperative script dapat manjadikan siswa lebih aktif dari pembelajaran sebelumnya, yakni pada siklus 2 menunjukan pada posisi sangat aktif.
Simulating fouling impact on the permeate flux in high-pressure membranes
Authors:   Department of Chemical Engineering, King Abdulaziz University, Rabigh, Saudi Arabia, Maddah Hisham A.
Published: April 2021

Porous high-pressure membranes have been widely used for saline water desalination. However, fouling (concentration polarization) extensively reduces permeate flux in reverse osmosis (RO) and/or nanofiltration (NF) modules. Fouling arises from pore blocking, organic adsorption, cake formation, inorganic or biological precipitation reducing water flux. Herein, we investigated the effect of feed water with various NaCl concentrations on fouling of RO and/or NF and the permeate water flux. A parabolic (or diffusion) partial differential equation (PDE) was used to model salt concentration profile or gradient inside the membrane. Subsequently, the numerical PDE equation, solved by the forward finite difference (FFD) explicit method, estimated flux decline rates resulted from NaCl fouling. It was found that salt accumulation occurs at the feed-side with a noticeable decrease in flux as fouling increases. Previous works reported similar findings as those identified from our analysis: (1) fouling increases with feed concentration and surface roughness, (2) fouling becomes intensified with higher pressure and flux, (3) fouling from long operation times can reduce flux by 65% within 24 h, (4) NaCl fouling can decrease flux rates by 70% (67-22 LMH) for brackish water with an initial concentration of 10000 ppm, and (5) reversible organic fouling may be avoided from lowering flux rates below the membrane critical flux. Results showed fouled RO modules would decrease flux rates from the increased surface polarization, where reverse flow (negative flux) was estimated for feed-side accumulations >10000 ppm for waters with an initial NaCl concentration of 10000 ppm and average diffusivity of 1.3×10-6 cm2/s.
Direito e Ciência da Administração - A Reforma do Ensino Jurídico
Authors: Wald Arnold
Published: April 2021

As aulas inaugurais não tinham no Brasil a originalidade revolucionária de que se revestiam no velho mundo. Eram aulas como as outras: a primeira aula do ano letivo. Não continham programas de renovação, idéias novas, aspirações ambiciosas. Não lançavam teorias nem princípios gerais. Eram apenas rotineiras e burocráticas, adotando os vícios do próprio ensino jurídico.
Juízos e Opiniões Correntes entre Povos Latino-Americanos e que Influem sôbre a Cooperação Técnica
Authors: Lynn Smith T. , De Lourdes L. Modiano Maria
Published: April 2021

Principiemos esta palestra com um breve comentário sôbre o que, a meuver, constitui o elemento preponderante de nossa mentalidade, e sôbre osjuízos e opiniões que nos orientam, quando porventura somos chamados atrabalhar, em nossa pátria ou no exterior, com pessoas de outras terras. Seráque os norte-americanos usam tipo especial de “óculos” que dá uma deformaçãoparticular aos conceitos e idéias que encontramos em diferentes paísesou entre estudantes e pessoas que vêm trabalhar conosco? Pessoalmente*acredito que sim.
Situação do aposentado
Authors: Victorino Moreira Oscar
Published: April 2021

Neste rápido estudo, iremos tratar do aposentado, tenha exercido êle umcargo público, como funcionário, ou uma função, como extranumerário; interessa-nos a situação do aposentado.
Влияние нелинейности закона намагничивания феррожидкости на неустойчивость Кельвина--Гельмгольца
Authors: Коровин В.М.
Published: April 2021

We study Kelvin-Helmholtz instability which develops when a homogenous gas flow is moving over a horizontal surface of a ferrofluid of given physical properties moving in the same direction, in presence of a homogeneous magnetic field parallel to this direction. Magnetic field intensity range includes the values that correspond to the interval where magnetization curve reaches magnetization saturation level. Stability area is constructed in the “magnetic field intensity – dimensionless relative velocity of fluids” parameter plane.
Акустооптическое управление энергетическим 2D-профилем лазерного луча
Authors: Антонов С.Н. , Резвов Ю.Г.
Published: April 2021

The acousto-optic control of the energy profile of laser radiation is considered. A highly efficient multibeam Bragg diffraction mode with a combination of beams close in angular space, forming an averaged pattern in the form of a single beam, is used. In this case, the two-dimensional intensity profile is realized as a product of two independent one-dimensional profiles. On the basis of a polarization-independent two-coordinate acousto-optic deflector, several profiles (including a close to uniform one) were experimentally obtained with a total efficiency of no less than 85% and a profile change time of about ten microseconds. This method can be used in systems for processing materials with powerful lasers.
Экспериментальные исследования таунсендовского разряда с многоострийным катодом на динамической платформе из магнитоуправляемых частиц Fe и Fe-Al
Authors: Шорсткий И.А. , Yakovlev N.
Published: April 2021

Experimental results of the Townsend discharge in the air gap and atmospheric pressure from a multi-pin cathode based on a dynamic platform of magnetically controlled Fe and Fe-Al particles presented. Dynamic platform method formation from magnetically controlled particles for cathode surface presented. The current-voltage characteristics are obtained for various configurations of the cathode design (with a flat electrode without magnetically controlled particles, with a multi-pin cathode with magnetically controlled Fe or Fe-Al particles), as well as with the presence of a heated spiral in the electrode gap. The use of a multi-pin cathode based on the dynamic platform of magnetically controlled Fe and Fe-Al particles allows to maintain the average electric field strength in the discharge gap and to increase the spark discharge current.
Высокочувствительная экспрессная нелинейно-оптическая диагностика кристаллического состояния гетероструктур типа сфалерита
Authors: Ступак М.Ф. , Михайлов Н.Н. , Дворецкий С.А. , Макаров С.Н. , Елесин А.Г. , Верхогляд А.Г.
Published: April 2021

Stupak M.F.1,3, Mikhailov N.N.2,3, Dvoretsky S.A.2,4, Makarov S.N.1, Yelesin A.G.1, Verhoglyad A.G.1 1 Technological Design Institute of Scientific Instrument Engineering of the Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences (TDI SIE SB RAS), Novosibirsk, 630058, Russian, 41 2 The Institute of Semiconductor Physics, Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences (ISP SB RAS), Novosibirsk, 630090, etc. Akad. Lavrentieva, 13 3 Novosibirsk State University (NSU), Novosibirsk, 630090, Pirogov, 2 4 Tomsk State University (TSU), 634050, Tomsk, Etc. Lenin, 36 Tel: 7 913 948-9824, e. Mail: stupak@tdisie.nsc.ru Annotation. The characteristics of a highly sensitive express stand of non-linear-optical diagnosis of crystalline structures such as sphalerite by generation of the second harmonica are presented. The analysis of quantitative and qualitative characterization capabilities was carried out using the stand of features of crystalline parameters of layers of heteroepitaxial structures cdhHg1-xTe on substralis from GaAs with orientation (013). The results were obtained by deviations of orientation in layers from the orientation of the substrate, which arose during the epitaxy, to determine the existence of stresses. The high sensitivity of the stand revealed the presence/absence of micro-particles with a disordered crystalline structure. Experimental results of reversible modification of the "in situ" crystalline state of CdxHg1-xTe structures with short-term local radiation exposure of high power laser radiation are given. New experimental data have been presented showing that the components of the nonlineaic susceptibility tensor cxyz(w) of the crystalline structure of CdxHg1-xTe depend on composition and are an order of magnitude larger than similar components of tensor in CdTe and GaAs.
Поправки Определение удельного сопротивления вертикально ориентированных углеродных нанотрубок методами сканирующей зондовой микроскопии
Authors: Агеев О.А. , Ильин И.О. , Рубашкина М.В. , Смирнов В.А. , Федотов А.А. , Цуканова О.Г.
Published: April 2021

В статье, опубликованной в Журнале технической физики (Том 85, Вып. 7, С. 100-107, 2015), была допущена ошибка при указании среднего значения удельного сопротивления УНТ. В работе указано значение 8.32±3.18·10-4 Ω·m. Должно быть 2.1±0.8·10-4 Ω·m. Так: на с. 100, строчка 10 аннотации написано: "Погонное и удельное сопротивления индивидуальных ВОУНТ ... составили ... и 8.32±3.18·10-4 Ω·m", должно быть: "Погонное и удельное сопротивления индивидуальных ВОУНТ ... составили ... и 2.1±0.8·10-4 Ω·m"; на с. 105, строчка 27 написано: "8.32±3.18·10-4 Ω·m", должно быть 2.1±0.8·10-4 Ω·m"; на с. 106, строчка 34 написано: 8.32±3.18·10-4 Ω·m", должно быть 2.1±0.8·10-4 Ω·m".
Improved Environment-Aware–Based Noise Reduction System for Cochlear Implant Users Based on a Knowledge Transfer Approach: Development and Usability Study
Authors: Li Lieber Po-Hung , Han Ji-Yan , Zheng Wei-Zhong , Huang Ren-Jie , Lai Ying-Hui
Published: April 2021

Background

Cochlear implant technology is a well-known approach to help deaf individuals hear speech again and can improve speech intelligibility in quiet conditions; however, it still has room for improvement in noisy conditions. More recently, it has been proven that deep learning–based noise reduction, such as noise classification and deep denoising autoencoder (NC+DDAE), can benefit the intelligibility performance of patients with cochlear implants compared to classical noise reduction algorithms.

Objective

Following the successful implementation of the NC+DDAE model in our previous study, this study aimed to propose an advanced noise reduction system using knowledge transfer technology, called NC+DDAE_T; examine the proposed NC+DDAE_T noise reduction system using objective evaluations and subjective listening tests; and investigate which layer substitution of the knowledge transfer technology in the NC+DDAE_T noise reduction system provides the best outcome.

Methods

The knowledge transfer technology was adopted to reduce the number of parameters of the NC+DDAE_T compared with the NC+DDAE. We investigated which layer should be substituted using short-time objective intelligibility and perceptual evaluation of speech quality scores as well as t-distributed stochastic neighbor embedding to visualize the features in each model layer. Moreover, we enrolled 10 cochlear implant users for listening tests to evaluate the benefits of the newly developed NC+DDAE_T.

Results

The experimental results showed that substituting the middle layer (ie, the second layer in this study) of the noise-independent DDAE (NI-DDAE) model achieved the best performance gain regarding short-time objective intelligibility and perceptual evaluation of speech quality scores. Therefore, the parameters of layer 3 in the NI-DDAE were chosen to be replaced, thereby establishing the NC+DDAE_T. Both objective and listening test results showed that the proposed NC+DDAE_T noise reduction system achieved similar performances compared with the previous NC+DDAE in several noisy test conditions. However, the proposed NC+DDAE_T only required a quarter of the number of parameters compared to the NC+DDAE.

Conclusions

This study demonstrated that knowledge transfer technology can help reduce the number of parameters in an NC+DDAE while keeping similar performance rates. This suggests that the proposed NC+DDAE_T model may reduce the implementation costs of this noise reduction system and provide more benefits for cochlear implant users.
Public Discussion of Anthrax on Twitter: Using Machine Learning to Identify Relevant Topics and Events
Authors: Miller Michele , Romine William , Oroszi Terry
Published: April 2021

Background

Social media allows researchers to study opinions and reactions to events in real time. One area needing more study is anthrax-related events. A computational framework that utilizes machine learning techniques was created to collect tweets discussing anthrax, further categorize them as relevant by the month of data collection, and detect discussions on anthrax-related events.

Objective

The objective of this study was to detect discussions on anthrax-related events and to determine the relevance of the tweets and topics of discussion over 12 months of data collection.

Methods

This is an infoveillance study, using tweets in English containing the keyword “Anthrax” and “Bacillus anthracis”, collected from September 25, 2017, through August 15, 2018. Machine learning techniques were used to determine what people were tweeting about anthrax. Data over time was plotted to determine whether an event was detected (a 3-fold spike in tweets). A machine learning classifier was created to categorize tweets by relevance to anthrax. Relevant tweets by month were examined using a topic modeling approach to determine the topics of discussion over time and how these events influence that discussion.

Results

Over the 12 months of data collection, a total of 204,008 tweets were collected. Logistic regression analysis revealed the best performance for relevance (precision=0.81; recall=0.81; F1-score=0.80). In total, 26 topics were associated with anthrax-related events, tweets that were highly retweeted, natural outbreaks, and news stories.

Conclusions

This study shows that tweets related to anthrax can be collected and analyzed over time to determine what people are discussing and to detect key anthrax-related events. Future studies are required to focus only on opinion tweets, use the methodology to study other terrorism events, or to monitor for terrorism threats.
Ethical Applications of Artificial Intelligence: Evidence From Health Research on Veterans
Authors: Makridis Christos , Hurley Seth , Klote Mary , Alterovitz Gil
Published: April 2021

Background

Despite widespread agreement that artificial intelligence (AI) offers significant benefits for individuals and society at large, there are also serious challenges to overcome with respect to its governance. Recent policymaking has focused on establishing principles for the trustworthy use of AI. Adhering to these principles is especially important for ensuring that the development and application of AI raises economic and social welfare, including among vulnerable groups and veterans.

Objective

We explore the newly developed principles around trustworthy AI and how they can be readily applied at scale to vulnerable groups that are potentially less likely to benefit from technological advances.

Methods

Using the US Department of Veterans Affairs as a case study, we explore the principles of trustworthy AI that are of particular interest for vulnerable groups and veterans.

Results

We focus on three principles: (1) designing, developing, acquiring, and using AI so that the benefits of its use significantly outweigh the risks and the risks are assessed and managed; (2) ensuring that the application of AI occurs in well-defined domains and is accurate, effective, and fit for the intended purposes; and (3) ensuring that the operations and outcomes of AI applications are sufficiently interpretable and understandable by all subject matter experts, users, and others.

Conclusions

These principles and applications apply more generally to vulnerable groups, and adherence to them can allow the VA and other organizations to continue modernizing their technology governance, leveraging the gains of AI while simultaneously managing its risks.
Tofacitinib with Concomitant Therapy for Vitiligo: protocol for a phase II randomized clinical trial (Preprint)
Authors: Joshi Megha
Published: April 2021

UNSTRUCTURED

Vitiligo is the most common acquired skin depigmentation disorder that affects about 35 million people worldwide. This debilitating disease causes autoimmune destruction of the epidermal melanocytes, forming macules and patches of hypopigmented skin, which causes considerable stigma and a decrease in the quality of life in affected individuals. Narrowband UVB (NB-UVB) is the preferred treatment right now, alone or in combination with immunomodulator drugs. It is not 100% effective and has many adverse effects, as noted in the literature previously. The addition of topical Tofacitinib to the already present therapy has the potential to be a novel treatment with a high level of efficacy for vitiligo. This can significantly improve the quality of life in the millions of people suffering from vitiligo worldwide.
The Reliability and Quality of YouTube Videos as a Source of Public Health Information Regarding COVID-19 Vaccination: Cross-sectional Study (Preprint)
Authors: Chan Calvin , Sounderajah Viknesh , Daniels Elisabeth , Acharya Amish , Clarke Jonathan , Yalamanchili Seema , Normahani Pasha , Markar Sheraz , Ashrafian Hutan , Darzi Ara
Published: April 2021

BACKGROUND

Recent emergency authorization and rollout of COVID-19 vaccines by regulatory bodies has generated global attention. As the most popular video-sharing platform globally, YouTube is a potent medium for the dissemination of key public health information. Understanding the nature of available content regarding COVID-19 vaccination on this widely used platform is of substantial public health interest.

OBJECTIVE

This study aimed to evaluate the reliability and quality of information on COVID-19 vaccination in YouTube videos.

METHODS

In this cross-sectional study, the phrases “coronavirus vaccine” and “COVID-19 vaccine” were searched on the UK version of YouTube on December 10, 2020. The 200 most viewed videos of each search were extracted and screened for relevance and English language. Video content and characteristics were extracted and independently rated against Health on the Net Foundation Code of Conduct and DISCERN quality criteria for consumer health information by 2 authors.

RESULTS

Forty-eight videos, with a combined total view count of 30,100,561, were included in the analysis. Topics addressed comprised the following: vaccine science (n=18, 58%), vaccine trials (n=28, 58%), side effects (n=23, 48%), efficacy (n=17, 35%), and manufacturing (n=8, 17%). Ten (21%) videos encouraged continued public health measures. Only 2 (4.2%) videos made nonfactual claims. The content of 47 (98%) videos was scored to have low (n=27, 56%) or moderate (n=20, 42%) adherence to Health on the Net Foundation Code of Conduct principles. Median overall DISCERN score per channel type ranged from 40.3 (IQR 34.8-47.0) to 64.3 (IQR 58.5-66.3). Educational channels produced by both medical and nonmedical professionals achieved significantly higher DISCERN scores than those of other categories. The highest median DISCERN scores were achieved by educational videos produced by medical professionals (64.3, IQR 58.5-66.3) and the lowest median scores by independent users (18, IQR 18-20).

CONCLUSIONS

The overall quality and reliability of information on COVID-19 vaccines on YouTube remains poor. Videos produced by educational channels, especially by medical professionals, were higher in quality and reliability than those produced by other sources, including health-related organizations. Collaboration between health-related organizations and established medical and educational YouTube content producers provides an opportunity for the dissemination of high-quality information on COVID-19 vaccination. Such collaboration holds potential as a rapidly implementable public health intervention aiming to engage a wide audience and increase public vaccination awareness and knowledge.
İHRACATTA INCOTERMS KULLANIMI, FİRMA KARAKTERİSTİKLERİ VE PERFORMANS: TÜRKİYE ÖRNEĞİ
Authors: ARSLANDERE Murat
Published: April 2021

Amaç: Bu çalışmada ihracata Incoterms teslim şekilleri kullanımının (i) genel oranları, (ii) firma karakteristiklerine göre farklılaşma durumu ve son olarak (iii) ihracat performansına ve ihracat politikasına göre farklılaşma durumu araştırılmıştır.

Yöntem: Türkiye'de farklı il ve sektörlerden 280 firmaya anket uygulanmıştır. SPSS for Windows 27.00 programı ile Bağımsız Örneklemler T Testi ve Anova Testi kullanılarak analizler gerçekleştirilmiştir.

Bulgular: EXW, CIF, FOB ve CFR teslim şekillerinin daha çok kullanıldığı görülmüştür. Firma karakteristiklerinden personel sayısı, ihracat departmanı durumu, ihracat yılı, oranı ve ülke sayısındaki pozitif değişimin genel olarak EXW harici diğer sık kullanılan teslim şekillerinde daha çok kullanıma sebep olduğu tespit edilmiştir. Buna ilave olarak ihracat oranı düşük olan firmaların daha çok EXW teslim şeklini kullandığı görülmüştür. Son olarak ihracat politikasında ihracatın iç piyasaya göre daha öncelik olan ve ayrıca ihracat performansı daha yüksek olan firmaların FOB, CIF ve CFR deniz yolu teslim şekillerini daha çok kullandıkları tespit edilmiştir.

Sonuç: İhracatın her aşamada teknik bilgi ve beceri gerektiren faaliyetler bütünü olduğu ve bu faaliyetlerden birinin de teslim şekillerinin yönetimi olduğu düşünüldüğünde, personel sayısı yüksek büyük firmaların bilgi ve finansman kaynakları itibariyle güçlü olması ve daha fazla risk alabilmeleri itibariyle EXW harici diğer teslim şekillerinde fazla kullanımı olması beklenen bir sonuçtur. Ayrıca ihracat oranı yüksek, ihracat departmanı olan, ihracat yaptığı ülke sayısı fazla, ihracat politikası öncelikli olan ve ihracat performansı yüksek firmalarında FOB, CIF, CFR gibi EXW teslim şekline göre daha riskli, bilgi gerektiren teslim şekillerini daha çok kullanıyor olmaları, yüksek rekabet ortamında müşteri tatminini sağlama noktasında beklenilen diğer bir sonuçtur. Araştırma bulgularına göre Incoterms terimlerinden CIF, FOB ve CFR gibi teslim şekilleri kullanımın ihracat performansına olumlu yansıdığı düşünüldüğünde, firmaların Incoterms bilgilerini arttırmalarının önemli olduğu, Incoterms terimlerinin hem müşteri tatminini sağlama noktasında hem de operasyon ve risk yönetimi bağlamında değerlendirilerek yaygın şekilde kullanılması sağlamak için devlet tarafından da konuya destek verilmesi gerektiği değerlendirilmiştir
LİMAN İŞLETMELERİNDE İŞ SAĞLIĞI ve GÜVENLİĞİ UYGULAMA PERFORMANS BOYUTLARININ AHP İLE DEĞERLENDİRİLMESİ: KOCAELİ LİMAN BÖLGESİ
Authors: YORULMAZ Murat , AKSU Abdulkerim
Published: April 2021

İş sağlığı ve güvenliği (İSG) alanında yapılan çalışmalar günden güne artmaktadır. Bununla birlikte İSG alanında gerçekleştirilen uygulamaların performansı boyutlarının incelenmesi önemli bir hal almaktadır. Bu çalışma, Kocaeli bölgesinde faaliyet gösteren liman işletmelerinde çalışan tecrübeli kişilerden elde edilen verilere dayanarak bu performansı boyutlarının AHP yöntemiyle önem düzeylerinin ve ağırlık değerlerinin hesaplanması amaçlanmıştır. Literatürden elde dilen İSG uygulama performansı boyutlarının önem düzeyleri, Kocaeli Liman Bölgesindeki liman işletmelerinde çalışan 20 uzmandan elde edilen veriler ile çok kriterli karar verme yöntemlerinden AHP yöntemiyle analiz edilmiştir. Araştırma bulgularına göre, İSG uygulama performansı boyutlarından en önemli boyutun, çalışanların İSG konusunda farkındalık ve bilinç düzeyi (%41,2), en az önemli boyutun ise İSG eğitim uygulamaları (%8,6) boyutu olduğu ortaya çıkmıştır. İSG konusunda farkındalık ve bilinç düzeylerinin mevcut boyutlar arasında önem düzeyi ile en önemli boyut olması, çalışan personellere bu bilincin aşılanması ve gerekli farkındalığı sağlamalarının İSG alanında yapılacak uygulamalar arasında ilk öncelikli olarak yapılması gerektiğini göstermektedir. İSG eğitim uygulamalarının önem düzeyi en az olan performans boyutu olması, İSG eğitim uygulamalarının gerçek çalışma ortamına aktarılmadığı ve denetlenmediği sürece gün geçtikçe çalışan tarafından unutulduğu ve göz ardı edildiğini göstermektedir. Sonuç olarak İSG uygulama performansı boyutlarının her biri çok önemli olduğunu söylemek gerekir. Çünkü bu boyutların her biri birbirleriyle bağlantılı ve ilişkilidir. Ayrıca İSG uygulama performansı boyutlarının önceliklerinin bilinmesi İSG yönetimi ve uygulamalarına büyük ölçekte katkı sağlayacağı sonucuna varılabilmektedir.
Efficiency and response of corn cultivars to nitrogen, associated or not with Azospirillum brasilense
Authors: Carneiro Dias Vanderlan , Peluzio Joênes Mucci , Afférri Flávio Sérgio , Lima Maria Dilma de , Ribeiro dos Santos Domingos Bonfim , Benko Guilherme , Santos Weder Ferreira dos , Sodré Santos Layanni Ferreira , Barbosa Adriano Silveira , de Faria Lucas Alves
Published: April 2021

Green corn is an economic and social alternative for small and medium-sized farmers. However, the high cost of the insums, especially in relation to the use of nitrogen, has advanced studies with nitrogen-fixing bacteria. This study evaluated commercial maize cultivars for the production of green ears, responsive and efficient to nitrogen use, with and without application in Azospirillum brasilense seeds. Two trials were installed in the agricultural years 2019/20 and 2020/21 in soweds carried out on 12/04/2019 and 10/12/2020 in this order, at the Federal University of Tocantins, Palmas-TO. In each trial, the experimental design was randomized blocks, with three replications, being the treatments arranged in subdivided plots, where the treatments involving the processes with inoculation of seeds with the bacterium Azospirillum (C Az) and without inoculation of seeds (S Az) were allocated in the plots, two doses of nitrogen (30 and 120 kg ha-1 N, considered as low and high N, respectively) and in the subplots eight corn cultivars were allocated in the subplots. Joint variance analysis was performed for each of the seed inoculation processes (C Az and S Az) and then the efficiency and response of corn cultivars were studied for the use of N for each process. The inoculation of seeds with the bacterium promoted changes in the efficiency and response of cultivars regarding the use of nitrogen. The cultivar BRS-3046 was the most important for the cultivation of green ears, since it was efficient and responsive to the use of nitrogen with Azospirillum brasilense.
Measuring competitive intelligence Network and its role on Business Performance
Authors: Jamal Ali Bayad , Anwar Govand
Published: April 2021

Changes and uncertainties have compelled a dramatic change in organizational fundamentals over the last two decades. Owing to internal and external pressures, businesses have been forced to closely track their environments in order to build awareness of opportunities and obstacles in order to stay competitive. The aim of this study is to look into the role of competitive intelligence in small and medium businesses in Iraq's Kurdistan region making business performance. However, the researchers measured the direct impact on business performance at small and medium businesses using five competitive intelligence dimensions (extensiveness' network, third-party strategy, Homophily, Issue awareness, and promotion effort). Furthermore, the researchers used competitive intelligence as a mediator to quantify its impact on business performance, allowing the analysis to explore the indirect role of competitive intelligence. To investigate the role of competitive intelligence in making business performance at small and medium businesses in Iraq's Kurdistan region, the researchers used hierarchal multiple regression and the Sobel test. However, the researchers measured the direct impact on business performance at small and medium businesses using five competitive intelligence dimensions (extensiveness network, third-party strategy, homophily, issue awareness, and promotion effort). Furthermore, the researchers used competitive intelligence as a mediator to quantify its impact on business performance, allowing the analysis to explore the indirect role of competitive intelligence. Competitive intelligence dimensions (extensiveness network, third-party strategy, homophily, issue awareness, and promotion effort) were used to assess the direct and indirect effect of competitive intelligence on business performance at small and medium businesses.
A study of knowledge management alignment with production management: A study of carpet manufacture in Kurdistan region of Iraq
Authors: Jamal Ali Bayad , Anwar Govand
Published: April 2021

The manufacturing sector has been profoundly impacted by advances in project management knowledge. As a result, it is critical to optimize service development processes in every project. The aim of this research was to increase cement manufacturing production by applying knowledge management concepts and Knowledge management as a mediator. The study was conducted at various cement manufacturing facilities in Iraq's Kurdistan province. To quantify production improvement in cement companies, the researchers examined four facets of knowledge management: Knowledge creation, Knowledge storage management, knowledge sharing, and Knowledge application, with Knowledge management serving as a mediator. To conduct the current analysis, the researchers used a quantitative research approach in the form of a survey. The questionnaire was randomly distributed to 140 administrative employees of various cement manufacturing companies in the Kurdistan region. The researchers did, however, collect 128completed questionnaires. To assess developed research hypotheses, the study used hierarchical multiple regression analysis and the Sobel test. The findings indicated that all knowledge management elements (Knowledge creation, Knowledge storage development, knowledge sharing, and Knowledge application) had a clear and important positive relationship with increased production at carpet manufacturers in Iraq's Kurdistan region. Additionally, the findings indicated that all knowledge management concepts with a mediator (project management development program) had an indirect positive and important relationship with increased production at cement manufacturing facilities in Iraq's Kurdistan region.
Economic analysis of the use of video laryngoscopy versus direct laryngoscopy in the surgical setting
Authors: Zhang Jianying , Jiang Wei , Urdaneta Felipe
Published: April 2021

Aim:
Compared with direct laryngoscopy (DL), video laryngoscopy (VL) offers clinical benefits in routine and difficult airways. The health economic benefit of VL versus DL for routine tracheal intubation remains unknown.
Materials & methods:
This analysis compared VL and DL health economic outcomes, including total inpatient costs, length of hospital stay (LOS), postoperative intensive care unit (ICU) admission and incidence of procedurally associated complications.
Results:
Patients with VL had decreased inpatient cost (US$1144–5891 across eight major diagnostic categories [MDC]); >1-day LOS reduction in five MDC; reduced odds for postoperative ICU admission (0.04–0.68) and reduced odds of respiratory complications in three MDC (0.43–0.90).
Conclusion:
Video laryngoscopy may lower total costs, reduce LOS and decrease the likelihood of postoperative ICU admission.
Equitably strong nonsplit equitable domination in graphs
Authors: Nataraj P. , Raman Sundareswaran , Swaminathan V.
Published: April 2021

In a simple, finite and undirected graph G with vertex set V and edge set E, Prof. Sampathkumar defined degree equitability among vertices of G. Two vertices u and v are said to be degree equitable if |deg(u) − deg(v)| ≤ 1. Equitable domination has been defined and studied in [7]. V.R.Kulli and B.Janakiram defined strong non - split domination in a graph [12]. In this paper, the equitable version of this new type of domination is studied
Use of the method of phylogenetic analysis in an epidemiological investigation in case of HIV infection in pediatric practice
Authors: Kruglyak S. P. , Kotova V. O. , Miroshnichenko E. I. , Skaly O. A. , Makhno E. S. , Grishkevich T. V. , Sklyar L. F. , Beniova S. N. , Grigorian O. M. , Balakhontseva L. A. , Trotsenko O. E.
Published: April 2021

The aim of the study is to study the main pathways and risk factors for HIV infection in a child, to establish a probable source of infection for a child, as well as to exclude the possibility of criminal or nosocomial infection.

Materials and methods. At the first stage, an epidemiological investigation was conducted. Next, a molecular genetic analysis of two blood plasma samples studied (child and mother) and a comparison group were used, in which 18 nucleotide sequences of HIV-1 variants were used, obtained from patients living in the Primorsky Region, and 8 characterized nucleotide sequences additionally taken from GenBank international database. Distance calculation and phylogenetic analysis were performed by constructing phylogenetic trees using the Maximum Likelihood method using the GTR evolution model.

Research results. The data obtained indicate that the nucleotide sequence from the child is most similar to the nucleotide sequence from the mother (potential source) and reliably grouped on the phylogenetic tree, forming a common cluster that is different from the samples of the comparison group. This indicates the likelihood of an epidemiological link between HIV infections in the mother and her child.

Conclusion. According to the results of this study, we can conclude that the child is infected from an HIV-infected mother, approximately at the age of a child older than 4 years old, when he received the last negative test result for HIV markers.
Humoral immunity to SARS-CoV-2 among the population of Murmansk region amid COVID-19 epidemic
Authors: Popova A. Yu. , Ezhlova E. B. , Melnikova A. A. , Lukicheva L. A. , Nikitina N. I. , Lyalina L. V. , Smirnov V. S. , Koltsov N. S. , Ermakova M. V. , Kubashev A. K. , Kuznetsova V. V. , Denisova T. V. , Gurina N. V. , Ziborov I. V. , Gryazova I. V. , Pankova N. A. , Konoshkin P. I. , Mikheeva N. I. , Sharova A. A. , Totolian A. A.
Published: April 2021

Purpose of the study. Determination of the level and structure of population immunity to SARS-CoV-2 among the population of the Murmansk region against the background of the incidence of COVID-19.

Materials and methods. The study was carried out according to a unified method for determining the seroprevalence of the population, developed by Rospotrebnadzor with the participation of the St. Petersburg Pasteur Institute. A total of 3117 volunteers were examined, distributed into 7 age groups. The content of antibodies to SARS-CoV-2 was determined by ELISA using a set of reagents for analyzing human serum or plasma for the presence of specific immunoglobulins of class G to the nucleocapsid of the SARS-CoV-2 virus produced by the FBUN GNCPMiB Rospotrebnadzor (Obolensk) in accordance with the instructions for application.

Results. The level of population immunity in the Murmansk region as a whole was 31,2%. The highest seroprevalence was found among children aged 1–6 and 7–13 years (35.6% and 44,1%, respectively), the lowest among the elderly population aged 60–69, as well as 70 and more years (20,4% and 20,9%, respectively). In the cities of the Murmansk region. the herd level of immunity varied from 19,6% (Kola city) to 46,1% (Kandalaksha city). It was not possible to find a reliable relationship between the incidence of the population of the cities of the Murmansk region and seroprevalence. The highest level of seroprevalence was noted among office workers (38,0%), the lowest among transport workers (19,5%). In the presence of contacts with patients with COVID-19, seropositivity increased 1,4 times compared to the average population value. The level of specific humoral immunity in convalescents after COVID-19 is 64,1%, which is 2,2 times higher than the average for half-day. The proportion of asymptomatic forms among seroprevalence volunteers was 89%.
Analysis of the prevalence and severity of clinical manifestations of papillomavirus infection in HIV-infected women of childbearing age
Authors: Radzikhovskaya M. V. , Anisimova O. S. , Magadeev H. D. , Moskvicheva M. G. , Telesheva L. F. , Magadeev R. D.
Published: April 2021

Objective: to determine the prevalence and severity of clinical and cytological manifestations of papillomavirus infection in HIV-infected women of childbearing age in relation to immunological and virological parameters.

Materials and methods. Statistical data were obtained through direct randomised inclusion of 182 HIV-infected women of fertile age who were being followed up at the AIDS Centre during their initial gynaecological examinations. Statistical processing of the findings was carried out using IBM SPSS Statistics software.

Results and discussion. The results of the study showed a high detection rate of chronic papillomavirus infection of high carcinogenic risk (HPV HRS) among HIV-infected women, which is a prognostically unfavorable factor for the development of pathological changes in the cervix and was confirmed in a study by extended colposcopy. It was found that the concentration of HPV VKR increases against the background of a decrease in the immune status, and there is an indirect relationship between the level of HIV viral load and the concentration of HPV VKR.

Conclusion. The feasibility of HPV vaccination among HIV-infected girls and women aged 9–45 has been demonstrated.