bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Everyday Decision Making in Individuals with Early-Stage Alzheimer's Disease: An Integrative Review of the Literature
Authors: Davis Rebecca , Ziomkowski Mary K. , Veltkamp Amy
Published: September 2017

Individuals with Alzheimer's disease (AD) demonstrate fluctuation in cognitive abilities that can affect their ability to make decisions. Everyday decision making encompasses the types of decisions about typical daily activities, such as what to eat, what to do, and what to wear. Everyday decisions are encountered many times per day by individuals with AD/dementia and their caregivers. However, not much is known about the ability of individuals with AD/dementia to make these types of decisions. The purpose of the current literature review was to synthesize the evidence regarding everyday decision making in individuals with early-stage AD/dementia. Findings from the review indicate there is beginning evidence that individuals with early to moderate stages of AD/dementia desire to have input in daily decisions, have the ability to state their wishes consistently at times, and having input in decision making is important to their selfhood. The literature revealed few interventions to assist individuals with AD/dementia in everyday decision making. Findings from the review are discussed with implications for nursing practice and research.

[Res Gerontol Nurs. 2017; 10(5):240–247.]
Collaboration entre chercheurs et praticiens dans le cadre du projet Saines habitudes de vie – éducation physique et à la santé
Authors: Borges Cecília , Bengoechea Enrique García , Gray Shirley , Bush Paula , Guay Suzanne , Lefebvre Alain , Farr Katherine Baker et Sandy , Mélinge Thierry , Amos Margaret , Mercier Anne Sophie-Aubin et Joli-Anne
Published: September 2017

La collaboration entre chercheurs et praticiens semble de plus en plus sollicitée dans une visée de développement professionnel des enseignants, tandis que la recherche-action apparait comme une voie privilégiée pour la mise en œuvre de dispositifs d’accompagnement visant l’émergence de communautés d’apprentissage (Savoie-Zajc, 2010). Cet article a trait aux enjeux de la collaboration entre chercheurs et praticiens dans le cadre du projet SHV-EPS1, visant la consolidation du rôle des éducateurs physiques quant à la promotion d’un mode de vie sain et actif chez les jeunes. Nous présentons les grandes lignes d’un dispositif inspiré de l’arrimage entre la formation, la recherche-action et la collaboration, auquel ont participé des enseignants chevronnés et débutants de commissions scolaires francophones et anglophones de Montréal. En nous appuyant sur des données issues de l’évaluation de huit ateliers impliquant douze enseignants, nous faisons part des quatre enjeux à la base de ce projet : le rôle respectif des praticiens et des chercheurs, leur collaboration, les savoirs qu’ils coconstruisent et la temporalité en jeu dans ce processus.
Une recherche collaborative menée auprès de professionnels des métiers de « l’aide à autrui » en région Nord pas de Calais
Authors: Niewiadomski Christophe
Published: September 2017

La recherche décrite dans ces pages focalise son attention sur les « acteurs de première ligne » que représentent aujourd’hui les professionnels des métiers du soin et du travail social. Les transformations des réglementations, sous l’impulsion de nouvelles législations, et les conditions de vie de publics affectés par la montée de la précarité ont créé de nouveaux cadres d’exercice qui obligent les professionnels à repenser les modalités de leurs interventions. En effet, le contexte de l’ébranlement de la société salariale (Castel, 1995) confronte désormais certaines catégories sociologiques à une vulnérabilité structurelle, qui n’est pas sans conséquences en matière d’accompagnement sanitaire et social. Face à ces constats, où il apparaît que la parole des professionnels est souvent ignorée, méconnue, voire dévalorisée, cette contribution vise à présenter les premiers résultats d’une recherche collaborative menée en région Nord-Pas de Calais auprès des professionnels des métiers de la santé et du travail social, domaines où les tensions vécues au travail résonnent fréquemment avec celles des publics auxquels les professionnels ont à faire.
Root Canal Morphologies of Mesiobuccal Roots of Maxillary Molars using Cone beam Computed Tomography and Periapical Radiographic Techniques in an Iranian Population
Authors: Zand Vahid , Mokhtari Hadi , Zonouzi Hamid RM , Shojaei Sahand N
Published: September 2017

Aim

The aim of this study was to evaluate the accuracy of the results of cone beam computed tomography (CBCT) examinations, confirm the presence or absence of the second mesiobuccal (MB2) root canal in maxillary first and second molars, estimate the distance between the root canal orifices, observe the root types based on Vertucci classification system, and make comparisons between CBCT and periapical techniques in relation to the identification of the root canal form and the second root canal of the MB root.

Materials and methods

The CBCT and periapical radiographic data from the Department of Maxillofacial Radiology were used to select 156 individuals (78 females and 78 males) for the evaluation of the anatomy of maxillary first and second molars.

Results

The prevalence rate of the second root canal in the MB root in the maxillary first molars was 55.1%, with 44.1 and 63.3% in females and males respectively. The prevalence rate in maxillary second molars was 23.7%, with 15.7 and 30.2% in females and males respectively. In addition, the longest and shortest distances between the root canal orifices were 2.4 and 0.3 mm respectively, with a mean of 1.3 mm.

Conclusion

There was a significant difference between the results of periapical and CBCT radiographic techniques in relation to the presence or absence of the second root canal in the MB roots of maxillary first and second molars (p < 0.01), with better results being provided by the CBCT technique.

Clinical significance

The results of CBCT images about the existence of the second root canal in the MB roots of maxillary first and second molars are more reliable, and we can use this technique in the finding of additional canals in the clinic.

How to cite this article

Zand V, Mokhtari H, Zonouzi HRM, Shojaei SN. Root Canal Morphologies of Mesiobuccal Roots of Maxillary Molars using Cone beam Computed Tomography and Periapical Radiographic Techniques in an Iranian Population. J Contemp Dent Pract 2017;18(9):745-749.
Comparative Evaluation of Two Different Flap Designs and Postoperative Outcome in the Surgical Removal of Impacted Mandibular Third Molar
Authors: Ahamed Shabeer , Rabi A , Haris PM Mohamed , Panickal Deepu M , Pulikkottil Venith J , Haris KT Muhamed
Published: September 2017

Aim

The aim of this study is to compare triangular and envelope flap designs and the postoperative outcome in the surgical removal of impacted mandibular third molar.

Materials and methods

A total of 50 participants were assessed clinically and were divided randomly into two groups. Group I (participants operated by triangular flap) and group II (participants operated by envelope flap), with 25 participants each between the age group of 20 and 30 years. Patient satisfaction was assessed subjectively using a graded scale from very satisfied to very unsatisfied. The degree of pain was recorded for 7 days with reference to predefined values on visual analog scale (VAS). Trismus was evaluated on the day 3, day 5, and day 7 of the postoperative period in millimeters. Quantitative data were analyzed by unpaired t-test and qualitative data were by Fischer's exact test.

Results

The mean overall age is 25.5 years. There was no statistically significant difference between the study groups with respect to age. There was no significant association between the patient satisfaction and flap type (p = 0.684). A significant difference between the study groups on 4th, 5th, and 6th days with respect to pain was observed, wherein fewer subjects operated with triangular flap reported pain. A highly significant difference in mouth opening was observed, with triangular flap group participants having a higher mouth opening than envelope flap subjects on day 7.

Conclusion

The present study indicated that participants operated by triangular flap had a better mouth opening postoperatively compared with envelope flap participants, whereas there were no significant differences in patient satisfaction and pain scores at the end of the 7th day after third molar surgery.

Clinical significance

Flap design is a significant factor in the surgical removal of impacted third molar, and it influences the severity of complications. Furthermore, it is important for allowing optimal visibility and access to the impacted tooth and also for subsequent healing of the surgically created defect.

How to cite this article

Rabi A, Haris PMM, Panickal DM, Ahamed S, Pulikkottil VJ, Haris KTM. Comparative Evaluation of Two Different Flap Designs and Postoperative Outcome in the Surgical Removal of Impacted Mandibular Third Molar. J Contemp Dent Pract 2017;18(9):807-811.
Incidence of Prosthetic Complications associated with Implant-borne Prosthesis in a Sleep Disorder Center
Authors: Grover Shekhar , Suneel Venkatesh B , Kotian Santhosh , Jujare Ravikanth H , Shetty Adarsh K , Nidhi Sneh
Published: September 2017

Background

Obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) is one of the common prevalent conditions present worldwide. The process of abnormal habits related to clenching and grinding of teeth is referred to as bruxism and is characterized under the heading of parafunctional activity of the masticatory system. Osseointegrated dental implants represent advancements in the field of odontology. Despite its high success rate, failure and complications are often associated with dental implant treatment due to a number of factors. Hence, we aimed for the present study to assess the incidence of prosthetic complications in patients rehabilitated with implant-borne prosthesis in a sleep disorder unit.

Materials and methods

The present study included the assessment of all the patients who underwent prosthetic rehabilitation by dental implants. An experienced registered prosthodontist was given duty for examination of all the cases from the record file data. Prosthetic complications in the patients were identified using photographs, radiographs, and all other relevant data of the patients obtained from the record files. All types of complications and other factors were recorded separately and analyzed.

Results

While correlating the prosthetic complications in OSA patients grouped based on number of dental implants, nonsignificant results were obtained. Significant correlation was observed while comparing the prosthetic complications divided based on type of prosthesis. Fracture of the porcelain was observed in four and eight cases respectively, of screwed and cemented dental implant cases.

Conclusion

Some amount of significant correlation existed between the incidences of prosthetic complications and OSA.

Clinical significance

Proper history of the patients undergoing dental implant procedures should be taken to avoid failure.

How to cite this article

Suneel VB, Kotian S, Jujare RH, Shetty AK, Nidhi S, Grover S. Incidence of Prosthetic Complications associated with Implant-borne Prosthesis in a Sleep Disorder Center. J Contemp Dent Pract 2017;18(9):821-825.
Evaluation of the Effect of recasting Nickel–chromium Base Metal Alloy on the Metal–ceramic Bond Strength: An in vitro Study
Authors: Meenakshi T , Bharathi Munagapati , Komala Jayasree
Published: September 2017

Aim

The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of recasting base metal alloy on the metal–ceramic bond strength.

Materials and methods

A total of 60 test samples were prepared from new and recast nickel–chromium alloy and divided into six groups. In group A0, test samples were prepared from 100% new alloy. Groups A1, A2, A3, A4, and A5 were prepared from 50% new alloy and 50% casting remnants (sprue and buttons) of the previous group by weight. All these samples were coated with ceramic (IPS d.SIGN and Ivoclar-Vivadent), and samples were then subjected to three-point bending test to evaluate metal–ceramic bond strength.

Results

The values were analyzed using one-way analysis of variance and Tukey's post hoc test. The mean bond strength of group A0 was higher than that of groups A1, A2, A3, A4, and A5.

Conclusion

Metal–ceramic bond strength decreased significantly with multiple recastings.

Clinical significance

Bond strength between metal and ceramic is a crucial factor for the clinical performance of metal–ceramic restorations. Recasting of alloys may affect the metal oxide layer composition and thickness of metal–ceramic interface, and thereby the metal–ceramic bond.

How to cite this article

Meenakshi T, Bharathi M, Komala J. Evaluation of the Effect of recasting Nickel–chromium Base Metal Alloy on the Metal–ceramic Bond Strength: An in vitro Study. J Contemp Dent Pract 2017;18(9):837-841.
Three-year Prospective Evaluation of Immediately Loaded Mandibular Implant Overdentures retained with Locator Attachments
Authors: Al-Dharrab Ayman
Published: September 2017

Introduction

Immediate implant-loading protocol has progressed because of various clinical advantages offered by this treatment approach. However, available studies on edentulous patients are still few compared to those in which delayed implantloading protocol was applied.

Aim

This prospective study was to evaluate the implant survival rate and the peri-implant tissue response in a group of patients who received two unsplinted immediately loaded dental implants in the mandibular anterior region to retain a complete overdenture using locator attachments.

Materials and methods

A total of 24 edentulous patients with a mean age of 63.4 years were involved in this study following certain inclusion criteria. All patients received a new set of complete dentures before implant positioning. Two Prima Connex tapered implants were put in the interforaminal area of the mandible with a flapless surgical procedure, and the prefabricated dentures were immediately retained with a zest locator attachment. Clinical and radiographic records of the patients were reviewed immediately after placement of the implant, at 3 months, and at 1, 2, and 3 years following fixture installation. The obtained data were analyzed using paired samples t-test and the Wilcoxon signed-rank test at 0.05 significance level.

Results

At 3 years, all implants had osseointegrated with a 100% survival rate. In addition, the total mean marginal bone change was −0.89 ± 0.14 mm, and the mean periotest value was −7.631 ± 0.921.

Conclusion

Results of this study propose that immediate loading of mandibular implant overdentures that are retained with locator attachments was a feasible treatment alternative for this particular group of patients.

Clinical significance

Immediate implant- loading of mandibular implant overdentures that are retained with locator attachments is a reliable treatment option

How to cite this article

Al-Dharrab A. Three-year Prospective Evaluation of Immediately Loaded Mandibular Implant Overdentures retained with Locator Attachments. J Contemp Dent Pract 2017;18(9):842-850.
Bluetooth for White Tooth
Authors: Sundar Sathish , Mahendran Kavitha , Shekar Shobana , Kumarasamy Baskaran , Raj Aruna
Published: September 2017

Dental caries is caused by a complex interplay of factors, with pH of the saliva playing a crucial role in initiating the carious process in the presence of cariogenic bacteria. It is the second most common infection in the world next only to common cold. So its prevention becomes very important and we have to devise newer effective strategies for the same. This article enlightens a proof of concept and working model of an indigenously developed wireless pH monitoring device which will be converted into a miniaturized version in future.

The micro pH meter facilitates long-term tooth surface pH monitoring and providing real-time feedback to the patients and dental experts. The pH meter sends signals to an external monitoring equipment via Bluetooth facility and warns the subject about the pH status of his saliva. After the reception of the warning, the subjects should use routine brushing and flossing or use a medicated chewing gum or rinse with a mouthwash. Extrapolating to the clinical environment, this novel dental device can control a global disease called caries, which causes a lot of financial burden and time-consuming restorative dental treatment to patients worldwide.

Clinical significance

Real-time devices that monitor the pH changes in the oral environment and alert the patient prompting them to adopt preventive measures will help in executing oral care services on a day-to-day basis, thereby averting the need for comprehensive oral procedures.

How to cite this article

Mahendran K, Sundar S, Shekar S, Kumarasamy B, Raj A. Bluetooth for White Tooth. J Oper Dent Endod 2017;2(2):61-64.
Effects of Bleaching Agents, Neutral Fluoride Gels, and Surface Sealants on Enamel Surface Roughness
Authors: Gümüştaş Burak , Gürbüz Özge , Efes Begüm G
Published: September 2017

Aim

The aim of this in vitro study was to evaluate the surface roughness of enamel after the application of different bleaching agents and to determine the effect of fluoride and bonding agent application on the roughness of bleached enamel.

Materials and methods

Forty-two dental slice polished enamel surfaces were randomly assigned to six groups. The surfaces of the slices were treated with 30% carbamide peroxide (CP) (groups I to III), or 38% hydrogen peroxide (HP) (groups IV to VI). Groups I and IV were only bleached. Topical fluoride was applied to the bleached surface of groups II and V. Groups III and VI were covered with a bonding agent. The surface roughness was analyzed with a profilometer. Data were subjected to analysis of one-way analysis of variance, Kruskal-Wallis, and Mann-Whitney U tests (p > 0.05).

Results

There were no statistically significant differences between the surface roughness of the untreated control specimens and the specimens treated with the bleaching materials, fluoride gel, and dental bonding agent (p > 0.05).

Conclusion

Bleaching treatment with 38% HP and 30% CP does not alter enamel surface roughness.

Clinical significance

The application of topical neutral sodium fluoride agents and dental bonding agents does not have any influence on enamel surface roughness.

How to cite this article

Gümüştaş B, Gürbüz Ö, Efes BG. Effects of Bleaching Agents, Neutral Fluoride Gels, and Surface Sealants on Enamel Surface Roughness. J Oper Dent Endod 2017;2(2):74-78.
The Golden Proportion
Authors: Reddy Tripuravaram VK , Dhanasekaran Sihivahanan
Published: September 2017

The Golden Proportion has been considered perfect, ideal, and desirable, and it has been used for many years by engineers and architects in studying beauty and in designing patterns and proportions. It has been proposed that the golden proportion is a useful tool for the evaluation of symmetry, dominance, and proportion in the diagnosis of tooth arrangement and in the application of esthetic dental treatment. The golden proportion is an element of design that a dental surgeon should be aware of. An understanding of this enigmatic proportion that has long stood for beauty may provide us with useful guidelines that can be combined with our existing knowledge and applied to our dental work for restoring dental esthetics with reasonable assurance of success.

How to cite this article

Reddy TVK, Dhanasekaran S. The Golden Proportion. J Oper Dent Endod 2017;2(2):79-83.
Role of Pressure Therapy in the Management of Earlobe Clefts
Authors: Dhiman Meenu , Khatana Rachit , Garg Balram
Published: September 2017

Congenital cleft of earlobe is a rare malformation showing a wide range of severity. The surgical closure of the cleft is an indispensable treatment modality but the treatment should be customized according to the situation. The postsurgical cosmetic results are not always satisfactory as they are dependent on the location and amount of deficient tissues. Predictable esthetic results can be achieved by adopting comprehensive treatment protocol including a staged surgery and pressure therapy. The case report describes the provision of pressure therapy with an esthetically pleasing, inexpensive, custom-made ear pressure clip for a patient with recently operated congenital cleft earlobe.

How to cite this article

Sikka N, Bala S, Dhiman M, Khatana R, Garg B. Role of Pressure Therapy in the Management of Earlobe Clefts. J Oral Health Comm Dent 2017;11(2):48-50.
Mobility Management, Quality of Service, and Security in the Design of Next Generation Wireless Network
Authors: Nursimloo Deeya S , Chan Anthony H
Published: September 2017

The next generation wireless network needs to provide seamless roaming among various access technologies in a heterogeneous environment. In allowing users to access any system at anytime and anywhere, the performance of mobility-enabled protocols is important. While Mobile IPv6 is generally used to support macro-mobility, integrating Mobile IPv6 with Session Initiation Protocol (SIP) to support IP traffic will lead to improved mobility performance. Advanced resource management techniques will ensure Quality of Service (QoS) during real-time mobility within the Next Generation Network (NGN) platform. The techniques may use a QoS Manager to allow end-to-end coordination and adaptation of Quality of Service. The function of the QoS Manager also includes dynamic allocation of resources during handover. Heterogeneous networks raise many challenges in security. A security entity can be configured within the QoS Manager to allow authentication and to maintain trust relationships in order to minimize threats during system handover. The next generation network needs to meet the above requirements of mobility, QoS, and security.
Preface
Authors: Agbinya Johnson I , Chan H. Anthony , Adjeroh Donald
Published: September 2017

Information and communication technology (ICT) has taken a centre stage in the day to day activities of people in every country today, from social interactions to business and pleasure. The technologically advanced countries have been experiencing rapid changes in their way of life, through the fruits of research and developments in ICT. Many developing countries have also joined to contribute to global advancement in ICT and have indeed made fundamental changes to the lifestyle and working habit of their people.
Missing Links
Authors: Agbinya Johnson
Published: September 2017

There are no doubts that the African telecommunication sector has grown and made significant strides the last three years. The level of progress is not a fluke. However, one of the greatest problems facing affordable telecommunication access in many parts of Africa is monopoly of access, links and inter-connectivity between operators. In many countries, this monopoly is controlled by incumbents, legacies of state owned telecommunication companies failing to realise when their job is done and when relinquishing their hold on national structures is more nationally productive. Often the links in question have been paid for with tax payers’ money before such companies are privatised or sold. This problem is significant across the African continent and has kept communication access in the continent very expensive.
UWB Electric and Magnetic Monopole Antennas
Authors: Chen Xiaodong , Liang Jianxin , Li Pengcheng , Chiau Choo C.
Published: September 2017

This paper summarizes our recent advances in antenna designs for ultra wideband (UWB) applications. Two types of monopoles are studied and developed in our research group. The first type belongs to the electric monopole with a circular disc fed by three different feeding structures. The second type is the magnetic monopole with an elliptical slot. The performances of these two types of antennas are evaluated in both frequency and time domains. The important design parameters for achieving optimal operations are also analyzed. It is shown that both electric and magnetic monopoles can provide ultra wide bandwidth with nearly omni-directional radiation patterns over the entire frequency band. In addition, the impulse responses of the selected antennas are shown to correspond well to the frequency domain characteristics.
Preface
Authors: Agbinya Johnson , Chan H Anthony , Adjeroh Donald
Published: September 2017

Preface by Johnson Agbinya, H Anthony Chan and Donald Adjeroh.
Call for Paper (Special Issue On Cross-Layer Design of Multihop Wireless Networks)
Authors: Agbinya Johnson , Chan H Anthony , Adjeroh Donald
Published: September 2017

Call for Paper for the new Special Issue On Cross-Layer Design of Multihop Wireless Networks)
Networking in Rural Environments: Benefits, Feasibilities, and Requirements
Authors: Li Yang , Chan H Anthony , Agbinya Johnson I
Published: September 2017

Building networks in rural areas is difficult because of the tough rural environments and low return to the service operators on investment. Rural networking and their applications in education, health, community development, and business development are essential to the daily life for both inhabitants and visitors. They further bring opportunities in job and business which play a key role in developing most underdeveloped rural areas. Moreover, rural communication will grow with the initial investment in rural networking. It will become the major communication market and generate large profits to service operators and equipment manufacturers. Wireless networking is generally considered a solution to these difficulties in rural conditions. Compared with the wireline construction, setting up wireless networks is faster, more flexible, and less expensive. In addition, many new and advanced wireless technologies have enabled universal communication to rural and remote areas in a profitable manner. Yet special technological requirements need to be met for wireless networking to become feasible in rural areas.
On the benefits of Cross Layer Feedback in Multi-hop Wireless Networks
Authors: Singh Harkirat
Published: September 2017

Wireless networks operate under harsh and time-varying channel conditions.

In wireless networks the time varying channel conditions lead to variable SINR and high BER.

The wireless channel is

distinct from and more unpredictable than the far more reliable wireline channel.

{\em Cross layer feedback} is a mechanism where layers provide {\em selective} information to other

layers to boost the performance of wireless networks.

{\em Cross layer feedback} can lead to a tremendous increase in the performance

of the TCP/IP stack in wireless networks, and an increase in the user's satisfaction level.

However, it is possible that naive feedbacks (or optimizations) can work non-coherently;

therefore, these can negatively effect the performance of the TCP/IP stack. In this paper, we holistically analyze

each layer of the TCP/IP stack, and propose possible Cross layer feedbacks which work coherently. The proposed Cross layer

feedbacks can greatly enhance the performance of the TCP/IP stack in wireless networks.
STUDY OF MOBILITY AND QoS OF 802.11 AND 802.11e WIRELESS LAN STANDARDS
Authors: FEDOUA DIDI , MOHAMED FEHAM
Published: September 2017

Quality of service (QoS) is a key problem in wireless environments where bandwidth is scarce and channel conditions are time varying and sometimes implies highly packet losses. IEEE 802.11b/g/a wireless LAN (WLAN) are the most widely used WLAN standards today, and the IEEE 802.11e QoS enhancement standard exists and introduces QoS support for multimedia applications. This paper presents a class based admission control algorithm for 802.11e based wireless local area networks . The strengths of our admission control is dynamicity and flexibility of the algorithm, which adapts to the situation of the BSS, like global load, number of best effort AC, and position of QSTA by report of QAP. Thus it achieves higher throughput than other admission control for 802.11 e. A summary of many good solutions on admission control for 802.11e is be done, and the model of our admission control is presented. The 802.11e standard starves the low priority traffic in case of high load, and leads to higher collision rates, and did not make a good estimate of weight of queues, so there is an unbalance enters the flows with high priorities. A discussion is presented in detail using simulation-based evaluations, with an aim of comparing results of our admission control algorithm, with the 802.11e standard and the FHCF algorithm. Results reveal an improvement of the network load and a decrease of the number of collisions.
Camouflages and Token Manipulations-The Changing Faces of the Nigerian Fraudulent 419 Spammers
Authors: LONGE Olumide Babatope , CHIEMEKE Stella Chinye , ONIFADE Olufade F. Williams , LONGE Folake Adunni
Published: September 2017

The inefficiencies of current spam filters against fraudulent (419) mails is not unrelated to the use by spammers of good-word

attacks, topic drifts, parasitic spamming, wrong categorization and recategorization of electronic mails by e-mail clients and of

course the fuzzy factors of greed and gullibility on the part of the recipients who responds to fraudulent spam mail offers. In this

paper, we establish that mail token manipulations remain, above any other tactics, the most potent tool used by Nigerian

scammers to fool statistical spam filters. While hoping that the uncovering of these manipulative evidences will prove useful in

future antispam research, our findings also sensitize spam filter developers on the need to inculcate within their antispam

architecture robust modules that can deal with the identified camouflages.
The Use of Stochastic Processes in Bridge Maintenance Optimization
Authors: Aboura Khalid , Samali Bijan , Crews Keith , Li Jianchun
Published: September 2017

We introduce an approach for modelling the structural deterioration of components of bridges for maintenance optimization

purposes. The Markov chain model is found in the maintenance and repair problems since the early 60's, is introduced to the

maintenance of road infrastructure in the 1980's, and is made to drive the current bridge maintenance optimization systems. While this model results into solvable programming problems and provides a solution, there are a number of criticisms associated with it. We

highlight the shortfalls of the Markov model for bridge lifetime assessment and promote the use of stochastic processes.
Single Channel Wireless EEG: Proposed Application in Train Drivers
Authors: Ridwan Surya Darma , Thompson Robert , Jap Budi Thomas , Lal Sara K , Fischer Peter
Published: September 2017

Electroencephalography (EEG) can be used as an

indicator of fatigue. Several studies have shown that

slow wave brain activities, delta (0-4 Hz) and theta (4-

8 Hz), increase as an individual becomes fatigued,

while the fast brain activities, alpha (8-13 Hz) and beta

(13-35 Hz), decrease. However, an EEG is a complex

piece of equipment that is generally used in laboratory

based studies. In order to develop a fatigue

countermeasure device for train drivers using EEG,

there is a need for a simple and wireless EEG monitor.

This paper explains the development of a single

channel wireless EEG device.
Copyright Transfer Form
Authors: Board Editorial
Published: September 2017

Authors of accepted papers must fill this copyright transfer form and email/fax to the edtior of the AJICT before publication can take place.
On the Combination of Logistic Regression and Local Probability Estimates
Authors: Osl Melanie
Published: September 2017

In this paper we give a survey of the combination of classifiers. We briefly describe basic principles of machine learning and the problem of classifier construction and review several approaches to generate different classifiers as well as established methods to combine different classifiers. Then, we introduce our novel approach to assess the appropriateness of different classifiers based on their characteristics for each test point individually
Exploration of Game Consoles as a legitimate computing platform for in-the-field biomedical data acquisition and management
Authors: Armstrong Christopher , Kavanagh Diarmuid , Lal Sara , Rossiter Peter
Published: September 2017

Biomedical research increasingly requires for testings be conducted outside the lab, in the field such as the participant’s home or work environment. This type of research requires semi-autonomous computer systems that collect such data and send it back to the lab for processing and dissemination.

A key aspect of this type of research is the selection of the required software and hardware components. These systems need to be reliable, allow considerable customizability and be readily accessible but also able to be locked down.

In this paper we report a set of requirements for the hardware and software for such a system. We then utilise these requirements to evaluate the use of game consoles as a hardware platform in comparison to other hardware choices.
Mandibular cortical width measurement based on dental panoramic radiographs with computer-aided system
Authors: Maćkowiak Przemysław , Kulczyk Tomasz , Kaczmarek Elżbieta
Published: September 2017

The paper presents a method of the determining a mandibular cortical width on dental panoramic radiographs. Cortical width of lower border of mandible may potentially be associated with recognition of osteoporosis in postmenopausal women. An algorithm to perform a semiautomatic cortical width measurement in a given region of interest was developed. The algorithm is based on separate extraction of lower and upper boundaries of cortical bone. Results of boundaries extraction performed on 34 panoramic radiographs of healthy and osteoporotic individuals are presented, together with automatic measurements of particular distances. They were compared with results of hand-made measurements done by two maxillofacial radiologists. Presented algorithm may potentially be useful for screening patients with osteoporosis.
Disentangling fast and slow responses of the East Asian summer monsoon to reflecting and absorbing aerosol forcings
Authors: Wang Zhili , Lin Lei , Yang Meilin , Xu Yangyang , Li Jiangnan
Published: September 2017

Abstract. We examine the roles of fast and slow responses in shaping the total equilibrium response of the East Asian summer monsoon (EASM) to reflecting (sulfate, SO4) and absorbing (black carbon, BC) aerosol forcings over the industrial era using the Community Earth System Model version 1 (CESM1). Our results show that there is a clear distinction between fast and slow responses of the EASM to aerosol forcings and the slow climate response due to aerosol-induced change in sea surface temperature (SST) plays an important role in the impacts of aerosols on the EASM. The EASM is weakened by a decrease in land–sea surface thermal contrast in the fast response (FR) component to SO4 forcing, whereas the weakening is more intensive due to the changes in tropospheric thermodynamic and dynamic structures in the slow response (SR) component to SO4. The total climate adjustment caused by SO4 is a significant weakening of the EASM and a decrease in precipitation. The BC-induced fast adjustment strengthens the EASM both by increasing the local land–sea surface thermal contrast and shifting the East Asian subtropical jet (EASJ) northwards. The BC-induced slow climate adjustment, however, weakens the EASM through altering the atmospheric temperature and circulation. Consequently, the EASM is slightly enhanced, especially north of 30° N, in the total response (TR) to BC. The spatial patterns of precipitation change over East Asia due to BC are similar in the total response and slow response. This study highlights the importance of ocean response to aerosol forcings in driving the changes of the EASM.
Tracing the origin of the oxygen-consuming organic matter in the hypoxic zone in a large eutrophic estuary: the lower reach of the Pearl River Estuary, China
Authors: Su Jianzhong , Dai Minhan , He Biyan , Wang Lifang , Gan Jianping , Guo Xianghui , Zhao Huade , Yu Fengling
Published: September 2017

Abstract. We assess the relative contributions of different sources of organic matter, marine vs. terrestrial, to oxygen consumption in an emerging hypoxic zone in the lower Pearl River Estuary (PRE), a large eutrophic estuary located in Southern China. Our cruise, conducted in July 2014, consisted of two legs before and after the passing of Typhoon Rammasun, which completely de-stratified the water column. The stratification recovered rapidly, within 1 day after the typhoon. We observed algal blooms in the upper layer of the water column and hypoxia underneath in bottom water during both legs. Repeat sampling at the initial hypoxic station showed severe oxygen depletion down to 30 µmol kg−1 before the typhoon and a clear drawdown of dissolved oxygen after the typhoon. Based on a three endmember mixing model and the mass balance of dissolved inorganic carbon and its isotopic composition, the δ13C of organic carbon remineralized in the hypoxic zone was −23.2 ± 1.1 ‰. We estimated that 65 ± 16 % of the oxygen-consuming organic matter was derived from marine sources, and the rest (35 ± 16 %) was derived from the continent. In contrast to a recently studied hypoxic zone in the East China Sea off the Changjiang Estuary where marine organic matter dominated oxygen consumption, here terrestrial organic matter significantly contributed to the formation and maintenance of hypoxia. How varying amounts of these organic matter sources drive oxygen consumption has important implications for better understanding hypoxia and its mitigation in bottom waters.
Community climate simulations to assess avoided impacts in 1.5 and 2  °C futures
Authors: Sanderson Benjamin M. , Xu Yangyang , Tebaldi Claudia , Wehner Michael , O'Neill Brian , Jahn Alexandra , Pendergrass Angeline G. , Lehner Flavio , Strand Warren G. , Lin Lei , Knutti Reto , Lamarque Jean Francois
Published: September 2017

Abstract. The Paris Agreement of December 2015 stated a goal to pursue efforts to keep global temperatures below 1.5 °C above preindustrial levels and well below 2 °C. The IPCC was charged with assessing climate impacts at these temperature levels, but fully coupled equilibrium climate simulations do not currently exist to inform such assessments. In this study, we produce a set of scenarios using a simple model designed to achieve long-term 1.5 and 2 °C temperatures in a stable climate. These scenarios are then used to produce century-scale ensemble simulations using the Community Earth System Model, providing impact-relevant long-term climate data for stabilization pathways at 1.5 and 2 °C levels and an overshoot 1.5 °C case, which are realized (for the 21st century) in the coupled model and are freely available to the community. Here we describe the design of the simulations and a brief overview of their impact-relevant climate response. Exceedance of historical record temperature occurs with 60 % greater frequency in the 2 °C climate than in a 1.5 °C climate aggregated globally, and with twice the frequency in equatorial and arid regions. Extreme precipitation intensity is statistically significantly higher in a 2.0 °C climate than a 1.5 °C climate in some specific regions (but not all). The model exhibits large differences in the Arctic, which is ice-free with a frequency of 1 in 3 years in the 2.0 °C scenario, and 1 in 40 years in the 1.5 °C scenario. Significance of impact differences with respect to multi-model variability is not assessed.
A global, space-based stratospheric aerosol climatology: 1979 to 2016
Authors: Thomason Larry W. , Ernest Nicholas , Millán Luis , Rieger Landon , Bourassa Adam , Vernier Jean-Paul , Manney Gloria , Luo Beiping , Arfeuille Florian , Peter Thomas
Published: September 2017

Abstract. We describe the construction of a continuous 38-year record of stratospheric aerosol optical properties. The Global Space-based Stratospheric Aerosol Climatology, or GloSSAC, provided the input data to the construction of the Climate Model Intercomparison Project stratospheric aerosol forcing data set (1979 to 2014) and we have extended it through 2016 following an identical process. GloSSAC focuses on the Stratospheric Aerosol and Gas Experiment (SAGE) series of instruments through mid-2005 and on the Optical Spectrograph and InfraRed Imager System (OSIRIS) and the Cloud-Aerosol Lidar and Infrared Pathfinder Satellite Observation (CALIPSO) data thereafter. We also use data from other space instruments and from ground-based, air and balloon borne instruments to fill in key gaps in the data set. The end result is a global and gap-free data set focused on aerosol extinction coefficient at 525 and 1020 nm and other parameters on an as available basis. For the primary data sets, we developed a new method for filling the post-Pinatubo eruption data gap for 1991 to 1993 based on data from the Cryogenic Limb Array Etalon Spectrometer. In addition, we developed a new method for populating wintertime high latitudes during the SAGE period employing a latitude-equivalent latitude conversion process that greatly improves the depiction of aerosol at high latitudes compared to earlier similar efforts. We report data in the troposphere only when and where it is available. This is primarily during the SAGE II period except the most enhanced part of the Pinatubo period. It is likely that the upper troposphere during Pinatubo was greatly enhanced over non-volcanic periods and that domain remains substantially under characterized. We note that aerosol levels during the OSIRIS/CALIPSO period in the lower stratosphere at mid and high latitudes is routinely higher than what we observed during the SAGE II period. While this period had nearly continuous low-level volcanic activity, it is possible that the enhancement in part reflects deficiencies in the data set. We also expended substantial effort to quality assess the data set and the product is by far the best we have produced. GloSSAC version 1.0 is available in netCDF format at the NASA Atmospheric Data Center at https://eosweb.larc.nasa.gov/. GloSSAC users should cite this paper and the data set DOI (10.5067/GloSSAC-L3-V1.0).
Evaluation of high-resolution GRAMM–GRAL (v15.12/v14.8) NOx simulations over the city of Zürich, Switzerland
Authors: Berchet Antoine , Zink Katrin , Oettl Dietmar , Brunner Jürg , Emmenegger Lukas , Brunner Dominik
Published: September 2017

Abstract. Hourly NOx concentrations were simulated for the city of Zürich, Switzerland, at 10 m resolution for the years 2013–2014. The simulations were generated with the nested mesoscale meteorology and micro-scale dispersion model system GRAMM–GRAL (versions v15.12 and v14.8) by applying a catalogue-based approach. This approach was specifically designed to enable long-term city-wide building-resolving simulations with affordable computation costs. It relies on a discrete set of possible weather situations and corresponding steady-state flow and dispersion patterns that are pre-computed and then matched hourly with actual meteorological observations. The modelling system was comprehensively evaluated using eight sites continuously monitoring NOx concentrations and 65 passive samplers measuring NO2 concentrations on a 2-weekly basis all over the city. The system was demonstrated to fulfil the European Commission standards for air pollution modelling at nearly all sites. The average spatial distribution was very well represented, despite a general tendency to overestimate the observed concentrations, possibly due to a crude representation of traffic-induced turbulence and to underestimated dispersion in the vicinity of buildings. The temporal variability of concentrations explained by varying emissions and weather situations was accurately reproduced on different timescales. The seasonal cycle of concentrations, mostly driven by stronger vertical dispersion in summer than in winter, was very well captured in the 2-year simulation period. Short-term events, such as episodes of particularly high and low concentrations, were detected in most cases by the system, although some unrealistic pollution peaks were occasionally generated, pointing at some limitations of the steady-state approximation. The different patterns of the diurnal cycle of concentrations observed in the city were generally well captured as well. The evaluation confirmed the adequacy of the catalogue-based approach in the context of city-scale air pollution modelling. The ability to reproduce not only the spatial gradients but also the hourly temporal variability over multiple years makes the model system particularly suitable for investigating individualized air pollution exposure in the city.
Radiative-Convective Equilibrium Model Intercomparison Project
Authors: Wing Allison A. , Reed Kevin A. , Satoh Masaki , Stevens Bjorn , Bony Sandrine , Ohno Tomoki
Published: September 2017

Abstract. RCEMIP, an intercomparison of multiple types of models configured in radiative-convective equilibrium (RCE), is proposed. RCE is an idealization of the climate system in which there is a balance between radiative cooling of the atmosphere and heating by convection. The scientific objectives of RCEMIP are three-fold. First, clouds and climate sensitivity will be investigated in the RCE setting. This includes determining how cloud fraction changes with warming and the role of self-aggregation of convection. Second, RCEMIP will quantify the dependence of the degree of convective aggregation and tropical circulation regimes on temperature. Finally, by providing a common baseline, RCEMIP will allow the robustness of the RCE state, cloud feedbacks, and convective aggregation across the spectrum of models to be assessed. A novel aspect and major advantage of RCEMIP is the accessibility of the RCE framework to a variety of models, including cloud-resolving models, general circulation models, global cloud-resolving models, and single column models.
Analysis of Employee Performance, Organization Culture, Work Satisfaction and Organization Commitment
Authors: Rachmaliya Nyayu Siti , Efendy Hady
Published: September 2017

The purpose of this study is to analyze the innovation of an organization’s management, strategic factors that support organizational management, efforts made, relationships with human resource development and application to human resource development. This research is a qualitative research with content analysis method. The data source in this research are document of five international articles, data collection, data analysis up to the presentation of data adopting Huberman and Milles model. Level of management maturity, organizational culture concepts and organizational performance and Information Technology systems in service to support their management. The success of the institution in carrying out its vision and mission cannot be separated from the readiness of human resources and facilities available. Innovation of an organizational management, Strategic factors that support organizational management, efforts undertaken, relationships with human resource development and application to human resource development are all dependent on Information Technology (Computer Applications), reliability and skill of human resources in using the application.