bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
A Sterile Collection Bundle Intervention Reduces the Recovery of Bacteria from Neonatal Blood Culture
Authors: Hamilton Linze F. , Gillett Helen E. , Smith-Collins Adam , Davis Jonathan W.
Published: February 2018

Background: In neonatal intensive care, coagulase-negative Staphylococcus species can be both blood culture contaminants and pathogens. False-positive cultures can result in clinical uncertainty and unnecessary antibiotic use. Objective: This study sought to assess whether a sterile blood culture collection bundle would reduce the incidence of false-positive blood cultures in a regional neonatal intensive care unit. Method: Clinical data was collected from all infants who had blood cultures taken before and after the introduction of the sterile blood culture collection bundle intervention. This intervention required 2% chlorhexidine and full sterile precautions for blood culture collection. False-positive blood culture rates (presence of skin commensals and ≥3 clinical infection signs) were compared before and after the intervention. The number of days of unnecessary antibiotics associated with false-positive blood cultures was also analysed. Results: In the pre-intervention group (PRE) 197 cultures were taken from 161 babies. In the post-intervention group (POST) 170 cultures from 133 babies were acquired. Baseline demographics were similar in both groups. The rate of false-positive cultures in the PRE group versus the POST group was 9/197 (4.6%) compared to 1/170 (0.6%) (p < 0.05). Unnecessary antibiotic exposure was reduced in the PRE group in comparison to the POST group (27 vs. 0 days, p < 0.01). Conclusions: Implementation of sterile blood culture collection intervention reduced the number of false-positive results. This has potential benefit in reducing unnecessary antibiotic use.
Optic Nerve Haemangioblastoma: Signs of Chronicity
Authors: McGrath Lindsay A. , Mudhar Hardeep Singh , Salvi Sachin M.
Published: February 2018

Optic nerve haemangioblastomas remain exceedingly rare extrinsic tumours of the optic nerve, often associated with von Hippel-Lindau disease. The authors report a 25-year-old female with a slowly progressive unilateral optic nerve lesion, causing reduced vision and bilateral optic tract oedema. A diagnosis of optic nerve haemangioblastoma with piloid gliosis was made histologically after surgical resection. This is the first reported case of such dual pathology occurring in the optic nerve. The patient has been monitored without further adjuvant treatment, and has not had a recurrence to date, at 6 years of follow-up.
New Central American and Mexican Enaphalodes Haldeman, 1847 (Coleoptera: Cerambycidae) with taxonomic notes and a key to species
Authors: Lingafelter Steven W. , Santos-Silva Antonio
Published: February 2018

A review of Enaphalodes Haldeman, 1847 is presented. Descriptions of four new species of Enaphalodes are included: E. antonkozlovi, sp. nov. from Costa Rica, E. bingkirki, sp. nov. from Nicaragua, E. monzoni, sp. nov. from Guatemala, and E. cunninghami, sp. nov. from Mexico. Enaphalodes senex (Bates, 1884) is revalidated and it is newly recorded from Nicaragua and Guatemala. A key to the 15 currently recognized species of Enaphalodes is included.
Os missionários e os sobas: a experiência do padre Luiz Alfredo Kelling em Angola (séculos XIX e XX)
Authors: Silva José Bento Rosa da
Published: February 2018

O artigo é sobre a presença dos Missionários do Espírito Santo em Angola nos séculos XIX e XX, a partir dos relatórios de Luiz Alfredo Kelling sacerdote, que, além de uma testemunha ocular, também mencionou outros relatórios missionários. Embora seja uma visão etnocêntrica, somos capazes de ver as formas de resistência dos colonizados, se fizemos uma leitura a contrapelo de tais relatos.
“CAPOEIRA É PRA HOMEM, MENINO E MULHER”: ANGOLEIRAS ENTRE A COLONIALIDADE E A DESCOLONIZAÇÃO
Authors: Foltran Paula Juliana
Published: February 2018

A capoeira angola não é espaço estranho às mulheres. Muito embora, seja comum a qualificarem como sendo “do universo masculino”, ou como propriamente masculina, o fato é que seus lugares de expressão e sua forma de organização sempre contaram com a presença de mulheres, não apenas espectadoras, mas que contribuíram ativamente para a construção e transformação desta prática cultural afro-brasileira e para o estabelecimento de uma tradição. Neste artigo quero discutir, a partir de uma imagem fotográfica da década de 1960, que retrata o famoso Mestre Pastinha (Vicente Ferreira Pastinha), observando duas alunas mulheres em treino, alguns mecanismos de exclusão e silenciamento das mulheres tanto da historiografia sobre a capoeira quanto de suas narrativas tradicionais. Para tanto, compartilho os dados e as informações levantados em pesquisa sobre a imagem, suas personagens e os eventos contextuais para além daquilo revelado no papel filme. A partir da fotografia em questão, muitos representantes mais velhos da capoeira angola narram uma história sobre a grandeza de um mestre e o início de uma nova fase na trajetória desta arte ancestral. O silenciamento das mulheres em luta me fez perguntar sobre quem seriam elas. Para tecer minha argumentação, apoio-me nas seguintes categorias: gênero, colonialidade do poder e descolonização do saber.
TORTURA E CONFIGURAÇÃO COLONIALISTA: UMA LEITURA “FANONIANA” DO LIVRO “TORTURA NA COLÔNIA DE MOÇAMBIQUE (1963-1974)”, E MAIS ALÉM
Authors: Barbosa Muryatan S.
Published: February 2018

Este artigo traz uma análise “fanoniana” do livro “Tortura na colônia de Moçambique (1963-1974)”. Para isto, inicialmente, define o que seria tal análise e explica a importância do livro em pauta. Posteriormente, procede a investigação propriamente dita, seguindo a hipótese de que a dita interpretação do problema da tortura no colonialismo, além de captar o fenômeno histórico ali tratado, lança luz para uma visão mais sistêmica da temática da tortura por si mesma, tratando-a como um elemento específico de toda “configuração colonialista”. Para Fanon, um todo maior, estrutural, que marcaria as relações entre povos conquistados e conquistadores, para além do colonialismo.
Diretrizes para compreensão dos silenciamentos nos discursos publicitários brasileiros: o setor automotivo
Authors: Covaleski Rogério Luiz
Published: February 2018

Entre evidenciações e omissões, os discursos publicitários costumeiramente tendem a explicitar os argumentos favoráveis ao produto anunciado e a omitir tudo o que possa prejudicar a reputação deste. Esta investigação é de caráter teórico, mas também se sustenta na realidade mercadológica ao se apoiar em extensos dados que notabilizam o paradoxo de dizeres e silenciamentos nas publicidades de carros, com enfoque na realidade brasileira. A partir de revisão bibliográfica, cotejada com o levantamento de dados secundários, buscase compreender a lógica vigente em discursos hegemônicos confrontados com cenários de crise – sejam essas adversidades de ordem material ou de ordem simbólica. O artigo se apoia nas percepções sobre as retóricas do consumo a partir de Carrascoza, Casaqui e Nos Aldás; nas “contribuições” da publicidade para as práticas de consumo, com Coelho e Rocha; na discussão de ética e valores na sociedade de consumo, a partir de Baudrillard, Feenstra , Martín e Bauman. A pesquisa evidencia o hiato que há entre os dizeres e os silenciamentos nos discursos publicitários brasileiros do setor automotivo.
As Origens Ambivalentes do Conservadorismo. O lugar de Edmund Burke na História do Pensamento Político.
Authors: Cassimiro Paulo Henrique Paschoeto
Published: February 2018

O presente artigo visa discutir alguns pontos do debate sobre as interpretações da obra de Edmund Burke, tendo em vista três perspectivas gerais. As interpretações que buscam em sua obra os fundamentos da tradição do pensamento conservador e que encontram em Mannheim, Nisbet e Russell Kirk alguns de seus principais intérpretes. A tradição da história das ideias e seu mais importante representante, Isaiah Berlin, que inclui Burke na categoria dos pensadores chamados contra-iluministas. E, por fim, a interpretação de J. G. A. Pocock que procura contextualizar autores como Gibbon, Hume, Adam Smith e Burke dentro da perspectiva de um iluminismo diverso daquele caracterizado hegemonicamente pelo movimento das ideias na França do século XVIII.
Social Assistance in Developing Countries
Authors: Oliveira Maria Clara
Published: February 2018

Resenha de Barrientos, Armando. 2013. Social Assistance in Developing Countries. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. 256 páginas.
El dispositivo propietario. Elementos para una analítica de la propiedad
Authors: Lagarrigue Maximiliano
Published: February 2018

El trabajo se propone reflexionar sobre la propiedad privada capitalista, aportando algunos elementos para una analítica de este objeto. La reflexión parte de la definición jurídica de propiedad hasta llegar a su definición como dispositivo. En el camino, se examinan los aportes de Marx, Althusser y Foucault. La hipótesis principal sostiene que la propiedad es algo más que un principio jurídico y un acto de apropiación de una relación social de explotación, es un dispositivo del modo de producción capitalista, a saber, una red de elementos heterogéneos articulados estratégicamente para producir un sujeto propietario. El trabajo inicia con un breve diagnóstico acerca del estatuto teórico actual de la propiedad según la visión neoliberal hegemónica. Se destacan allí dos efectos ideológicos relevantes de esta perspectiva analítica para proceder a su crítica a través de las reflexiones de Marx, Althusser y Foucault. El recorrido comprende una revisión del derecho de propiedad como acto de apropiación del modo de producción capitalista (Marx); un análisis de los efectos ideológicos de ese acto de apropiación en los términos de producción (interpelación) de sujetos (Althusser); y la especificación del objeto propiedad como dispositivo que fabrica sujetos propietarios (Foucault). Para finalizar, el análisis destaca una característica primordial del dispositivo propietario: su condición de soporte anímico.
O Contratualismo e seu legado nas teorias de Relações Internacionais: um olhar a partir do Brasil
Authors: Vilar-Lopes Gills , Maximo Lucas Moura , Sant'Ana Theo Antônio Rodrigues
Published: February 2018

Este trabalho apresenta o pensamento contratualista da Teoria Política Moderna, com o objetivo geral de enfatizar alguns de seus reflexos nas Relações Internacionais. Metodologicamente, utiliza-se o estilo de pesquisa qualitativo, para selecionar somente obras contratualistas que impactam as teorias de Relações Internacionais. Esse recorte é feito a partir de epistemologia aplicada no Brasil. Assim, analisam-se as obras contratualistas de Baruch de Espinosa, Immanuel Kant, Jean-Jacques Rousseau, John Locke e Thomas Hobbes, com o intuito de, comparativamente, expor sua relação com as teorias internacionalistas.
Catecholaminergic manipulation alters dynamic network topology across cognitive states
Authors: Shine James M. , van den Brink Ruud L. , Hernaus Dennis , Nieuwenhuis Sander , Poldrack Russell A.
Published: February 2018

The human brain is able to flexibly adapt its information processing capacity to meet a variety of cognitive challenges. Recent evidence suggests that this flexibility is reflected in the dynamic reorganization of the functional connectome. The ascending catecholaminergic arousal systems of the brain are a plausible candidate mechanism for driving alterations in network architecture, enabling efficient deployment of cognitive resources when the environment demands them. We tested this hypothesis by analyzing both resting-state and task-based fMRI data following the administration of atomoxetine, a noradrenaline reuptake inhibitor, compared with placebo, in two separate human fMRI studies. Our results demonstrate that the manipulation of central catecholamine levels leads to a reorganization of the functional connectome in a manner that is sensitive to ongoing cognitive demands.
Using network analysis to localize the epileptogenic zone from invasive EEG recordings in intractable focal epilepsy
Authors: Li Adam , Chennuri Bhaskar , Subramanian Sandya , Yaffe Robert , Gliske Steve , Stacey William , Norton Robert , Jordan Austin , Zaghloul Kareem A. , Inati Sara K. , Agrawal Shubhi , Haagensen Jennifer J. , Hopp Jennifer , Atallah Chalita , Johnson Emily , Crone Nathan , Anderson William S. , Fitzgerald Zach , Bulacio Juan , Gale John T. , Sarma Sridevi V. , Gonzalez-Martinez Jorge
Published: February 2018

Treatment of medically intractable focal epilepsy (MIFE) by surgical resection of the epileptogenic zone (EZ) is often effective provided the EZ can be reliably identified. Even with the use of invasive recordings, the clinical differentiation between the EZ and normal brain areas can be quite challenging, mainly in patients without MRI detectable lesions. Consequently, despite relatively large brain regions being removed, surgical success rates barely reach 60–65%. Such variable and unfavorable outcomes associated with high morbidity rates are often caused by imprecise and/or inaccurate EZ localization. We developed a localization algorithm that uses network-based data analytics to process invasive EEG recordings. This network algorithm analyzes the centrality signatures of every contact electrode within the recording network and characterizes contacts into susceptible EZ based on the centrality trends over time. The algorithm was tested in a retrospective study that included 42 patients from four epilepsy centers. Our algorithm had higher agreement with EZ regions identified by clinicians for patients with successful surgical outcomes and less agreement for patients with failed outcomes. These findings suggest that network analytics and a network systems perspective of epilepsy may be useful in assisting clinicians in more accurately localizing the EZ.
Moral Testimony and Moral Understanding
Authors: Paddy Jane McShane
Published: February 2018

In this paper I argue against the charge that dependence on moral testimony is at odds with good moral agency, and moral specifically with the ideal of having moral understanding and using it to make moral judgments. My argument has four main strands. First, I contend that one of the grounds that is often adduced for the value of moral understanding—namely, that it is important for justifying ourselves to others—does not offer an adequate basis for criticizing dependence on moral testimony. Second, I show how dependence on moral testimony is not incompatible with moral understanding. Third, I argue that, in fact, dependence on moral testimony can be an important avenue for achieving moral understanding. Fourth, and finally, I contend that moral understanding is not always an ideal we have sufficient reason to seek. If my arguments are successful, they provide new resources for a defense of dependence on moral testimony.
A Good Exit: What to Do about the End of Our Species?
Authors: Handfield Toby
Published: February 2018

We know thatHomo sapienswill not exist forever. Given this, how should our species end? What are the reasons, if any, to delay our extinction? In this paper, I show that the pre-eminent reasons which favor prolonging the existence of the species are partial: they will arise from the particular attachments and projects of the final few generations. While there may also be impartial reasons to prolong the species, these reasons are liable, with time, to reverse their valence: we can be reasonably confident that they will ultimately recommend hastening the demise of the species. Consequently, it is likely that our descendants will eventually face a difficult – possibly tragic – conflict, between partial duties that recommend living on, and an impartial duty to extinguish the species.
Utility of intravoxel incoherent motion magnetic resonance imaging and arterial spin labeling for recurrent glioma after bevacizumab treatment
Authors: Miyoshi Fuminori , Shinohara Yuki , Kambe Atsushi , Kuya Keita , Murakami Atsushi , Kurosaki Masamichi , Ogawa Toshihide
Published: February 2018

Background

Detecting recurrence of glioma on magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) is getting more and more important, especially after administration of new anti-tumor agent. However, it is still hard to identify.

Purpose

To examine the utility of intravoxel incoherent motion (IVIM) MRI and arterial spin labeling-cerebral blood flow (ASL-CBF) for recurrent glioma after initiation of bevacizumab (BEV) treatment.

Material and Methods

Thirteen patients (7 men, 6 women; age range = 41–82 years) with glioma (high grade, n = 11; low grade, n = 2) were enrolled in the study. IVIM parameters including apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC), true diffusion coefficient (D), and perfusion fraction (f) were obtained with 14 different b-values. We identified tumor progression during BEV therapy by MRI monitoring consisting of diffusion-weighted imaging (DWI), fluid-attenuated inversion recovery (FLAIR) imaging, and contrast-enhanced T1-weighted (CE-T1W) imaging by measuring tumor area. We also measured each parameter of IVIM and ASL-CBF, and calculated relative ADC (rADC), relative D (rD), relative f (rf), and relative CBF (rCBF) by obtaining the ratio between each area and the contralateral cerebral white matter. We calculated the rate of change (Δ) by subtracting values from those from the preceding MRI study, and obtained Spearman’s rank correlation coefficient (rs).

Results

Tumor progression was identified in nine patients (high grade, n = 7; low grade, n = 2). Negative correlations were identified between ΔrD and ΔDWI area (rs = –0.583), and between ΔrD and ΔCE-T1W imaging area (rs = –0.605).

Conclusion

Tumor progression after BEV treatment can be identified by decreasing rD.
Tree-based search of the next best view/state for three-dimensional object reconstruction
Authors: Vasquez-Gomez J Irving , Sucar L Enrique , Murrieta-Cid Rafael , Herrera-Lozada Juan-Carlos
Published: February 2018

Three-dimensional models from real objects have many applications in robotics. To automatically build a three-dimensional model from an object, it is essential to determine where to place the range sensor in order to completely observe the object. However, the view (position and orientation) of the sensor is not sufficient, given that its corresponding robot state needs to be calculated. Additionally, a collision-free trajectory to reach that state is required. In this article, we directly find the state of the robot whose corresponding sensor view observes the object. This method does not require to calculate the inverse kinematics of the robot. Unlike previous approaches, the proposed method guides the search with a tree structure based on a rapidly exploring random tree overcoming previous sampling techniques. In addition, we propose an information metric that improves the reconstruction performance of previous information metrics.
Trilinguals’ language switching: A strategic and flexible account
Authors: Mosca Michela
Published: February 2018

The goal of this study was to determine how trilinguals select the language they intend to use in a language switching context. Two accounts are examined: (a) a language-specific account, according to which language selection considers the activation level of words of the intended language only (i.e., language co-activation without language competition), and (b) a language non-specific account, where activated words from both the intended and non-intended languages compete for selection (i.e., language co-activation with language competition). Results showed that, in both groups, all three languages competed for selection and that selection was achieved by inhibiting the currently non-relevant languages. Moreover, extending findings from previous research, the study reveals that, in both Experiments 1 and 2, the amount of inhibition was influenced not only by language proficiency but also by the typological similarity between languages. Overall, the study shows that language switching performance can be accounted for by a strategic and flexible inhibitory account. In particular, the controlling system is “strategic” in the sense that it aims at preventing potential conflicting situations, such as typological closeness between languages, and it is “flexible” in that it adjusts languages’ activation levels, depending on the conflict to be solved.
Primary aldosteronism and thyroid disorders in atrial fibrillation: A Swedish nationwide case–control study
Authors: Mourtzinis Georgios , Adamsson Eryd Samuel , Rosengren Annika , Björck Lena , Adiels Martin , Johannsson Gudmundur , Manhem Karin
Published: February 2018

Background

Atrial fibrillation is associated with hyperthyroidism. Patients with primary aldosteronism have an increased prevalence of atrial fibrillation. However, the prevalence of primary aldosteronism in the atrial fibrillation population is unknown.

Aim

This nationwide case–control study aimed to compare the prevalence of primary aldosteronism and thyroid disorders in patients with atrial fibrillation with that of age- and sex-matched controls.

Methods

We identified all atrial fibrillation cases in Sweden between 1987 and 2013 ( n = 713,569) by using the Swedish National Patient Register. A control cohort without atrial fibrillation was randomly selected from the Swedish Total Population Register with a case to control ratio of 1:2. This control cohort was matched for age, sex and place of birth ( n = 1,393,953).

Results

The prevalence of primary aldosteronism in December 2013 was 0.056% in the atrial fibrillation cohort and 0.024% in controls. At the same time, the prevalence of hypothyroidism was 5.9% in the atrial fibrillation cohort and 3.7% in controls. The prevalence of hyperthyroidism was 2.3% in the atrial fibrillation cohort and 0.8% in controls.

Conclusion

This study shows, for the first time, a doubled prevalence of primary aldosteronism in a large cohort of patients with atrial fibrillation compared with the general population. There is also an increased prevalence of hypo- and hyper-thyroidism in patients with atrial fibrillation compared with the general population.
Synthesis of nontronite and other Fe-rich smectites: a critical review
Authors: Petit S. , Baron F. , Decarreau A.
Published: February 2018

The synthesis of clay minerals has been studied for decades in an attempt to better understand their formation in natural environments and more recently to obtain clay minerals with controlled compositions and properties. Even though nontronite has been synthesized successfully since 1935, the process is not a straightforward and has been poorly documented. In the present review concerning the synthesis of nontronite and other Fe-rich smectites, the experiments attempted in the past are discussed critically in light of the most recent data. Most notably, the application of relationships established recently, thanks to synthetic smectitic series, have allowed us to refine the chemical compositions of some nontronites synthesized previously.
Alterations in the Rho pathway contribute to Epstein-Barr virus–induced lymphomagenesis in immunosuppressed environments
Authors: Cho Sung-Yup , Sung Chang Ohk , Chae Jeesoo , Lee Jieun , Na Deukchae , Kang Wonyoung , Kang Jinjoo , Min Seoyeon , Lee Ahra , Kwak Eunhye , Kim Jooyoung , Choi Boram , Kim Hyunsoo , Chuang Jeffrey H. , Pak Hyo-Kyung , Park Chan-Sik , Park Sanghui , Ko Young Hyeh , Lee Dakeun , Roh Jin , Cho Min-Sun , Park Seongyeol , Ju Young Seok , Suh Yun-Suhk , Kong Seong-Ho , Lee Hyuk-Joon , Keck James , Banchereau Jacques , Liu Edison T. , Kim Woo-Ho , Park Hansoo , Yang Han-Kwang , Kim Jong-Il , Lee Charles
Published: February 2018

Key Points

EBV-induced DLBLs are characterized by genomic and transcriptomic alterations in the Rho pathway. Targeting the Rho pathway using a ROCK inhibitor, fasudil, inhibited tumor growth in EBV-positive DLBL patient-derived xenograft models.
High-grade B-cell lymphoma with MYC and BCL2 and/or BCL6 rearrangements with diffuse large B-cell lymphoma morphology
Authors: Scott David W. , King Rebecca L. , Staiger Annette M. , Ben-Neriah Susana , Jiang Aixiang , Horn Heike , Mottok Anja , Farinha Pedro , Slack Graham W. , Ennishi Daisuke , Schmitz Norbert , Pfreundschuh Michael , Nowakowski Grzegorz S. , Kahl Brad S. , Connors Joseph M. , Gascoyne Randy D. , Ott German , Macon William R. , Rosenwald Andreas
Published: February 2018

Key Points

HGBL-DH/TH makes up 8% of de novo DLBCL, with HGBL-DH/TH with BCL2 rearrangement being a GCB phenomenon. Restricting FISH testing to tumors with dual protein expression and GCB subtype results in testing <15% of tumors, but missing ∼35% of HGBL-DH/TH.
Effects of ellipsoidal heterogeneities on wave propagation in partially saturated double-porosity rocks
Authors: Sun Weitao , Xiong Fansheng , Ba Jing , Carcione José M.
Published: February 2018

Reservoir rocks are heterogeneous porous media saturated with multiphase fluids, in which strong wave dissipation and velocity dispersion are closely associated with fabric heterogeneities and patchy saturation at different scales. The irregular solid inclusions and fluid patches are ubiquitous in nature, whereas the impact of geometry on wave dissipation is still not well-understood. We have investigated the dependence of wave attenuation and velocity on patch geometry. The governing equations for wave propagation in a porous medium, containing fluid/solid heterogeneities of ellipsoidal triple-layer patches, are derived from the Lagrange equations on the basis of the potential and kinetic energies. Harmonic functions describe the wave-induced local fluid flow of an ellipsoidal patch. The effects of the aspect ratio on wave velocity are illustrated with numerical examples and comparisons with laboratory measurements. The results indicate that the P-wave velocity dispersion and attenuation depend on the aspect ratio of the ellipsoidal heterogeneities, especially in the intermediate frequency range. In the case of Fort Union sandstone, the P-wave velocity increases toward an upper bound as the aspect ratio decreases. The example of a North Sea sandstone clearly indicates that introducing ellipsoidal heterogeneities gives a better description of laboratory data than that based on spherical patches. The unexpected high-velocity values previously reported and ascribed to sample heterogeneities are explained by varying the aspect ratio of the inclusions (or patches).
Stress decreases pollen foraging performance in honeybees
Authors: Bordier Célia , Klein Simon , Le Conte Yves , Barron Andrew B. , Alaux Cédric
Published: February 2018

For honeybees, foraging is energetically demanding. Here we examined whether stressors, which increase metabolic demands, can impair foraging performance. A controlled non-pathogenic stressor (immune challenge) resulted in a change in foraging preferences of bees. It reduced pollen foraging, and increased the duration of trips in pollen foragers. Stress also reduced the amount of octopamine in the brain of pollen foragers (a biogenic amine involved in the regulation of foraging and flight behaviour in insects). According to the literature, flight metabolic rate is higher during pollen foraging than nectar foraging, and nectar gives a higher energetic return relative to the foraging effort when compared to pollen. We thus propose that stress might be particularly detrimental to the performance of pollen foragers, and stressed bees prefer the energy-rich resource of nectar. In conclusion, stress, even at low levels, could have consequences on both bee foraging behaviour and thereby the nutritional balance of the colony.
Lectin and Temperature Dual-Responsive Glycosylated Block Copolymers Synthesized by Consecutive RAFT Polymerization Reactions
Authors: Tanaka Tomonari , Okamoto Masaru
Published: February 2018

Lectin and temperature dual-responsive glycosylated block copolymers, composed of a hydrophilic polymer backbone comprising poly(N-isopropylacrylamide) (PNIPAm) and polyacrylamide (PAAm), were synthesized by consecutive RAFT polymerization reactions. PNIPAm was synthesized by RAFT polymerization using a trithiocarbonate derivative for use as a macro chain transfer agent (CTA) in post-RAFT polymerization with a lactose-carrying acrylamide derivative used as a monomer substrate to obtain block copolymers. The resulting glycosylated block copolymers were responsive to temperature at around 33 °C (lower critical solution temperature; LCST) and formed aggregates 200 nm in diameter above the LCST in aqueous media. The aggregates specifically interacted with lectin in aqueous media above the LCST, forming precipitated conjugates. When the temperature was decreased below the LCST, the conjugate dissociated and dissolved into the aqueous medium. The conjugates composed of block copolymer and lectin are reversible and respond to changes in temperature.
Cache Miss Estimation for Non-Stationary Request Processes
Authors: Olmos Felipe , Graham Carl , Simonian Alain
Published: February 2018

The goal of the paper is to evaluate the miss probability of a Least Recently Used (LRU) cache, when it is offered a non-stationary request process given by a Poisson cluster point process. First, we construct a probability space using Palm theory, describing how to consider a tagged document with respect to the rest of the request process. This framework allows us to derive a fundamental integral formula for the expected number of misses of the tagged document. Then, we consider the limit when the cache size and the arrival rate go to infinity in proportion, and use the integral formula to derive an asymptotic expansion of the miss probability in powers of the inverse of the cache size. This enables us to quantify and improve the accuracy of the so-called Che approximation.
Letters
Authors: Fetherbe Alison , Martland Rebecca , Leitch Neil
Published: February 2018

MA Education Ltd, St Jude's Church, Dulwich Road, London, SE24 0PB neil.henty@markallengroup.com neil.henty@markallengroup.com
When the place we learn is a natural stimulant
Authors: Francis Jo
Published: February 2018

In this article, we look at the value of the garden – reaffirming the importance of outside play, whatever the weather, and looking at how this ties in with schemas and the theory of loose parts play.
Exploring the relationship between emotional intelligence and empathy
Authors: Garnett Helen
Published: February 2018

Education is not responsible for the deterioration in mental health in the UK's young children, but neither is it providing a lasting and effective solution. Therefore, we need to be intentional about fostering emotional intelligence in the lives of children.
It is all about starting over
Authors: Chapman Ailsa
Published: February 2018

We resume our series of articles that look at the possibilities for play and learning inherent in certain popular and common early years resources and materials – this month, new beginnings.
Morphological Image Analysis for Foodborne Bacteria Classification
Authors: Seo Youngwook , Park Bosoon , Yoon Seung-Chul , Lawrence Kurt C. , Gamble Gary R.
Published: February 2018

Abstract.

The hyperspectral imaging methods used previously for analyzing food quality and safety focused on spectral data analysis to elucidate the spectral characteristics relevant to the quality and safety of food and agricultural commodities. However, the use of spatial information, including physical size, geometric characteristics, orientation, shape, color, and texture, in hyperspectral imaging analysis of food safety and quality has been limited. In this study, image processing techniques were employed for extracting information related to the morphological features of fifteen different foodborne bacterial species and serotypes, including eight Gram-negatives and seven Gram-positives, for classification. The values of nine morphological features (maximum axial length, minimum axial length, orientation, equivalent diameter, solidity, extent, perimeter, eccentricity, and equivalent circular diameter) of bacterial cells were calculated from their spectral images at 570 nm, which were selected from hyperspectral images at 89 wavelengths based on peak scattering intensity. First, two classes (Gram-negative and Gram-positive) were classified using a support vector machine (SVM) algorithm, resulted in a classification accuracy of 82.9% and kappa coefficient (kc) of 0.65. Thereafter, a classification model was developed with two features (cell orientation and perimeter) selected by principal component analysis. In addition, a decision tree (DT) algorithm was used for classification with all nine morphological features. With respect to differentiation into two classes (Gram-positive and Gram-negative), the classification accuracy for five selected bacteria species (, , Typhimurium, , and ) decreased to 80.0% (0.74 of kc) with the DT algorithm and to only 72.5% (0.64 of kc) with the SVM algorithm. Thus, the hyperspectral microscopy image analysis with morphological features is limited for classifying foodborne pathogens, so additional spectral features would be helpful for classification of foodborne bacteria. Keywords: Bacteria, Classification, E. coli, Food safety, Foodborne pathogen, Hyperspectral microscopy, Morphology, Salmonella.
Lysimetric Evaluation of the APEX Model to Simulate Daily ET for Irrigated Crops in the Texas High Plains
Authors: Saleh Ali , Niraula Rewati , Marek Gary W. , Gowda Prasanna H. , Brauer David K. , Howell Terry A.
Published: February 2018

Abstract. The NTT (Nutrient Tracking Tool) was designed to provide an opportunity for all users, including producers, to run complex simulation models, such as APEX (Agricultural Policy Environmental eXtender), with the associated required databases. The APEX model currently nested within NTT provides estimates of the changes in nitrogen (N), phosphorus (P), and sediment losses that are associated with management practices specified by the user. Five methods (Penman-Monteith, Penman, Priestley-Taylor, Hargreaves-Samani, and Baier-Robertson) for determining potential evapotranspiration (PET) are available as inputs for estimating actual ET. This study was conducted to evaluate the accuracy of the ET values obtained from the five PET equations currently available in APEX using both onsite measured climate data and data from the NTT standard databases. The mean daily, monthly, and annual ET values predicted by each of the equations in APEX for a lysimeter field at the USDA-ARS Conservation and Production Research Laboratory at Bushland, Texas, was compared to values measured for the 2001-2010 period. APEX generally underestimated ET with all PET methods (mostly during growing seasons) at both the daily and monthly levels but overpredicted for years when cotton was grown as the major cash crop due to overprediction of leaf area index during the senescing stage for cotton. The underprediction of ET in growing seasons was possibly from underprediction of rainfall due to estimation of rainfall for missing data. Overall, APEX was able to adequately (R2 = 0.82 and NSE = 0.80) predict mean monthly ET for major crops grown in the semi-arid Texas High Plains region. These results should reinforce confidence in APEX’s ability to simulate ET accurately for fully irrigated farms. ET predictions with the Hargreaves-Samani and Priestley-Taylor methods, which require limited data compared to the Penman and Penman-Monteith methods, were similar (p > 0.05, one-way ANOVA), with mean errors within 8.7% for measured weather data and 12.6% for NTT-generated weather data for both methods. This is encouraging because of the limited availability of measured climate data for the majority of locations in the world, including the U.S. Keywords: APEX, Evapotranspiration (ET), Irrigation, Lysimeters, NTT, Semiarid regions.
Effects of Subsurface Drainage Systems on Water and Nitrogen Footprints Simulated with RZWQM2
Authors: Craft Kristina J. , Helmers Matthew J. , Malone Robert W. , Pederson Carl H. , Schott Linda R.
Published: February 2018

Abstract. Developing drainage water management (DWM) systems in the Midwest to reduce nitrogen (N) transport to the northern Gulf of Mexico hypoxic zone requires understanding of the long-term performance of these systems. Few studies have evaluated long-term impacts of DWM, and the simulation of controlled drainage (CD) with the Root Zone Water Quality Model (RZWQM) is limited, while shallow drainage (SD) has not been examined. We tested RZWQM using nine years (2007-2015) of field data from southeast Iowa for CD, SD, conventional drainage (DD), and undrained (ND) systems and simulated the long-term (1971-2015) impacts. RZWQM accurately simulated N loss in subsurface drainage, and the simulations agreed with field data that CD and SD substantially reduced N loss to drainage. As indicated by the field data, the SD N concentration was predicted to be greater than DD and CD, likely due to reduced time of travel to shallower drains. The long-term simulations show that CD and SD reduced annual N lost via tile drainage by 26% and 40%, respectively. Annual reductions in N lost via tile drainage ranged from 28% in the driest years to 22% in the wettest years for CD and from 56% in the driest years to 35% in the wettest years for SD. Considering spring N loading for the purpose of addressing hypoxia in the Gulf of Mexico, CD was found to be less effective than SD, and in many years CD exported more N in the spring than DD. Spring N loading (April through June) was indicated by the EPA Science Advisory Board to have the greatest impact on hypoxia in the northern Gulf of Mexico. Therefore, improvement of CD systems within the months of April through June to reduce N loss via drainage across the upper Midwest landscape may be required. Limited research in the upper Midwest has addressed spring N loading under controlled drainage systems (CD). This research will help model developers, model users, and agricultural scientists more clearly understand N transport under different systems, including CD, SD, and ND, which will aid in developing the design and management of drainage systems to reduce N transport from tile-drained agriculture to surface waters. Keywords: Agricultural simulation model, Drainage water management, Nonpoint-source pollution, Northern Gulf of Mexico hypoxic zone, Nutrient reduction, Subsurface drainage.
Thermal Conductivity of Selected Foods at High-Pressure Processing Conditions
Authors: Sun Wei , Zhu Songming , Ramaswamy Hosahalli S. , Yu Yong , Li Jianping
Published: February 2018

Abstract.

Thermal conductivity data for foods under high-pressure processing (HPP) conditions is necessary for modeling the associated heat transfer processes, such as HP sterilization, pressure shift freezing, etc. Available data in the literature arescarcebecause of the difficulties associated with property measurements. In this study, a thermal conductivity probe based on line heat source theory was used under HPP conditions. The probe was calibrated using 1.5% agar gel in the HP range of 0.1 to 400 MPa and temperature range of 25°C to 55°C. No clear pressure, temperature, or power supply dependency trend of the calibration factor was observed. A general calibration factor (1.01) was obtained by linear regression analysis between all measured values and reference values of water at different HPP conditions. Thermal conductivities of selected food materials (tofu, wheat flour dough, and pork) were then measured under similar HPP conditions and corrected using the calibration factor. The evaluated thermal conductivity of food materials ranged from 0.40 to 0.79 W m-1 °C-1 and increased with increasing pressure and temperature. A prediction model was developed to give a good fit (R2 = 0.91) for the thermal conductivity of each food material with pressure and temperature. Keywords: Adiabatic compression heating, Food, Heat transfer, High-pressure processing, Line heat source, Thermal conductivity.
Using Soil Phosphorus Measurements to Assess the Effectiveness of Subsurface-Band Application of Broiler Litter in Reducing Phosphorus Leaching
Authors: Lamba Jasmeet , Srivastava Puneet , Mitra Subhasis , Way Thomas R.
Published: February 2018

Abstract.

Excessive delivery of phosphorus (P) from agricultural landscapes to surface waters results in water quality impairment. The method of application of broiler litter to agricultural fields significantly affects P loss to surface waters via surface and subsurface flow pathways from agricultural landscapes. Subsurface-band application of broiler litter can help reduce P loss in surface and subsurface flows. Typically, leachate samples are collected using lysimeters or subsurface flows are sampled to assess the effectiveness of subsurface-band application of broiler litter in limiting P mobility. In this study, we tested a simple and inexpensive method of assessing effectiveness of subsurface-band application of broiler litter using ortho-P (PO4-P) measurements in soils. This method of measuring PO4-P concentration in soils showed that subsurface-band application of broiler litter helps to reduce P leaching, whereas surface application of broiler litter was not effective in reducing P leaching. The results of this study show that soil PO4-P measurements can be successfully used to assess the effectiveness of subsurface-band application of broiler litter in reducing P leaching. Keywords: Leachate, Manure, Nutrient management, Phosphorus, Surface runoff, Water quality.
Dynamic ROPS Test for Tractors over 6,000 Kilograms
Authors: Lindhorst Caleb M. , Hoy Roger M. , Pitla Santosh K. , Kocher Michael F.
Published: February 2018

Abstract.

OECD static tests (Codes 4, 6, 7, and 8) for agricultural rollover protective structures (ROPS) have become accepted standards for evaluating the ability of these structures to protect the operator during tractor rollover events. The strength properties of some materials typically used in ROPS change because of cold weather embrittlement at low temperatures. The static ROPS tests lack the ability to evaluate the strength of these structures during cold weather. The use of the dynamic ROPS test is well noted as a means for proving cold weather embrittlement resistance properties. Unfortunately, application of the OECD dynamic ROPS test (Code 3) is restricted to tractors with unballasted mass greater than 600 kg and generally less than 6,000 kg. The analyses presented in this technical note were undertaken to evaluate the extension of the OECD Code 3 dynamic ROPS test to tractors with unballasted mass of 6,000 kg or more. Tractor unballasted mass and wheelbase data from 47 wheeled tractors tested at the Nebraska Tractor Test Lab from 2014 to 2016 were used to explore the possibility of using a dynamic test method for evaluating the ability of ROPS on tractors with unballasted mass greater than 6,000 kg to meet the safety requirements of agricultural tractor ROPS. The data were graphed and analyzed to determine the required pendulum drop height and energy values to be applied to the ROPS by extending the existing equations to tractors over 6,000 kg. For tractors over 6,000 kg mass, it was determined that pendulum drop heights were too great for practical use. Three pendulum masses were proposed for the dynamic ROPS test: a 2,000 kg pendulum for tractors with mass less than 7,000 kg, a 4,000 kg pendulum for tractors with mass of 7,000 kg or more and less than 14,000 kg, and a 6,000 kg pendulum for tractors with mass of 14,000 kg or more and less than 23,000 kg. Alternate equations were developed for the drop height of each pendulum to meet the energy requirements that are expected to provide similar permanent deflections as those obtained when using the static ROPS test when considering the effect of strain rates on material properties. Tests should be conducted to determine how the results (permanent deflections) from the proposed dynamic ROPS test compare with results from the accepted static ROPS tests. It is further proposed that dynamic testing be conducted with the tractor rigidly restrained in a manner similar to the static test to better account for the wide variety of available tires and mountings for each tractor model. Keywords: Energy, Impact test, Pendulum, Reference mass, ROPS, Tractors.
An object-oriented curriculum theory for STEAM: Boundary shifters, materiality and per(form)ing 3D thinking
Authors: Knochel Aaron D.
Published: February 2018

How do we conceptualize transdisciplinary curriculum development and what might be the curriculum theory that is driving it? In the following I pursue the development of an object-oriented curriculum theory that assembles material agencies that form praxis in curriculum development. I am particularly interested in the potential of a science, technology, engineering, art and math (STEAM) curriculum that allows arts educators and their disciplinary counterparts an opening to think curriculum anew. I focus on various graphics software from a range of STEAM practices by following their material agency as boundary shifters so that we might come to know the accumulations, translations and mediators doing things important to studio and laboratory practice. In building an object-oriented curriculum theory, I offer three theorems: looking for the immutable image, gathering the materiality of data-bodies and per(form)ing three-dimensional thinking.
A Method to Determine Doublet Photopeak Area 137Cs and 214Bi, in NORM Soil by NaI-detector
Authors: Abdullah Khairi M.S.
Published: February 2018

Due to the poor resolution of (76 mm×76 mm) NaI scintillation detector, ~7.5% for 137Cs peak (661.5 keV), mutual spectral interference of environmental samples between 137Cs and 214Bi (609 keV) in the decay series of uranium peaks, is a serious problem. This overlapped problem appears in low-level sample spectrum causes overestimation of the specific activity of both nuclides. The main purpose of this work is to resolve this problem and to present a methodology to correct the activity concentrations of 137Cs by NaI(Tl) spectroscopy. In Duhok governorate of Iraq, as a real NORM case, the accumulation of 137Cs is significantly brought by west-north wind and precipitation in the years following nuclear weapons testing and Chernobyl accident in 1986. The developed correlations for any ratio of the measured areas of 214Bi and 137Cs overcome the overestimation and show very good results. The method is approved by comparing the relative error of the measured and corrected activity of Bi with that measured Pb. The maximum, minimum and average relative errors decreased from 40%, 7.3% and 19.4% to 6.1%, -6.5% and 0.6% respectively.
The Role of Saponin as Feed Additive for Sustainable Poultry Production
Authors: Wina Elizabeth
Published: February 2018

Poultry, especially broiler is an important protein source for people in developing countries. Under intensive condition, economical and efficient broiler production is disturbed by disease attack due to poor biosecurity management. Feed additives (coccidiostat and antibiotic growth promoter/AGP) that added to feed for disease prevention and growth improvement, have been banned by many countries including Indonesia. Antibiotic growth promoter can be substituted by bioactive compounds in certain plants which can improve poultry production. One of bioactive compounds is saponin which is a glycoside. This paper provides information about source and function of saponin as feed additive for poultry production. Saponin extracts or saponin containing plants have several functions, such as anticoccidia, immunostimulant, antibacteria and antifungi. Sustainable poultry production requires continues supply of feed ingredients and additive with consistent in quality. High saponin-containing plants need to be planted widely and supported by stakeholders for their avability and sustainability.