bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
An evidence review and nutritional conceptual framework for pre-eclampsia prevention
Authors: Kinshella Mai-Lei Woo , Pickerill Kelly , Bone Jeffrey N. , Prasad Sarina , Campbell Olivia , Vidler Marianne , Craik Rachel , Volvert Marie-Laure , Mistry Hiten D. , Tsigas Eleni , Magee Laura A. , von Dadelszen Peter , Moore Sophie E. , Elango Rajavel ,   the PRECISE Conceptual Framework Working Group
Published: December 2022

Pre-eclampsia is a serious complication of pregnancy, and maternal nutritional factors may play protective roles or exacerbate risk. The tendency to focus on single nutrients as a risk factor obscures the complexity of possible interactions, which may be important given the complex nature of pre-eclampsia. An evidence review was conducted to compile definite, probable, possible and indirect nutritional determinants of pre-eclampsia to map a nutritional conceptual framework for pre-eclampsia prevention. Determinants of pre-eclampsia were first compiled through an initial consultation with experts. Second, an expanded literature review was conducted to confirm associations, elicit additional indicators and evaluate evidence. The strength of association was evaluated as definite relative risk (RR) < 0·40 or ≥3·00, probable RR 0·40–0·69 or 1·50–2·99, possible RR 0·70–0·89 or 1·10–1·49 or not discernible RR 0·90–1·09. The quality of evidence was evaluated using Grading of Recommendations, Assessment, Development and Evaluation. Twenty-five nutritional factors were reported in two umbrella reviews and twenty-two meta-analyses. Of these, fourteen were significantly associated with pre-eclampsia incidence. Higher serum Fe emerged as a definite nutritional risk factors for pre-eclampsia incidence across populations, while low serum Zn was a risk factor in Asia and Africa. Maternal vitamin D deficiency was a probable risk factor and Ca and/or vitamin D supplementation were probable protective nutritional factors. Healthy maternal dietary patterns were possibly associated with lower risk of developing pre-eclampsia. Potential indirect pathways of maternal nutritional factors and pre-eclampsia may exist through obesity, maternal anaemia and gestational diabetes mellitus. Research gaps remain on the influence of household capacities and socio-cultural, economic and political contexts, as well as interactions with medical conditions.
On conjugacy of subalgebras in graph C*-algebras. II
Authors: Hayashi Tomohiro , Hong Jeong Hee , Szymański Wojciech
Published: December 2022

We apply a method inspired by Popa's intertwining-by-bimodules technique to investigate inner conjugacy of MASAs in graph $C^*$-algebras. First, we give a new proof of non-inner conjugacy of the diagonal MASA ${\mathcal {D}}_E$ to its non-trivial image under a quasi-free automorphism, where $E$ is a finite transitive graph. Changing graphs representing the algebras, this result applies to some non quasi-free automorphisms as well. Then, we exhibit a large class of MASAs in the Cuntz algebra ${\mathcal {O}}_n$ that are not inner conjugate to the diagonal ${\mathcal {D}}_n$.
The Right to Health in Nigeria and Its Impact on Citizens’ Access to Medical Care
Authors: Lugard Sunday Bontur
Published: December 2022

The socio-economic and productive strength of every nation is determined by the health (the physical, mental and psychological wellbeing) of its people. To guarantee this, the constitutions of some countries, including Nigeria, provide for the right to health, and have framed institutional and policy systems to operationalize and realize this goal, as one of the major objectives of governments. However, despite this great intention on paper, the realization of good healthcare for most of the citizens of this country is still a mirage, despite legal and policy interventions in the form of human rights. The question is, can a rights-based approach to healthcare facilitate or guarantee the realization of this normative claim through access to medical care? This article contends that mere legal and policy frameworks that guarantee the right to health do not automatically engender access to good medical care, as there are hurdles to cross beyond the “limit of available resources”.
A region in dispute: Racialized anticommunism and Manila’s role in the origins of Konfrontasi, 1961–63
Authors: Scalice Joseph
Published: December 2022

Prior scholarship has treated the Philippines as an outside party to the conflict over the formation of Malaysia, known as Konfrontasi, which has been dealt with as a dispute between Malaysia and Indonesia. This article demonstrates the centrality of the Macapagal administration to the origins of Konfrontasi. Treating Manila as a core actor gives new insight into Konfrontasi, which can be best understood as a regional conflict over the racial and social shape of island Southeast Asia in the final stages of decolonization. Racialized anticommunism, expressed through the forcible redivision of the region to ensure social stability, emerges as the preoccupation of all the state actors promoting and opposing the formation of Malaysia. At the same time, an examination of developments in the Philippines and the actions of the Partido Komunista ng Pilipinas (PKP) gives new insight into the critical function of the Partai Komunis Indonesia (PKI) in this affair.
Effects of seed size and toucan regurgitation on the germination of the tropical tree Eugenia uniflora
Authors: Jones Landon R. , Hunts Chelsey A. , Dolan Lacy A. , Murphy Natasha K. , Ripa Gabrielle N. , Schultz Emma A. , Shastry Varsha S. , Sklarczyk Craig A. , Thornton Bradly S. , Boudreau Melanie R.
Published: December 2022

Understanding the quality of seed dispersal effectiveness of frugivorous species can elucidate how endozoochory structures tropical forests. Large seeds, containing more resources for growth, and gut passage by frugivores, which remove seed pulp, both typically enhance the speed and probability of germination of tropical seeds. However, the interaction of seed size and gut passage has not been well studied. We assessed the role of two species of toucans (Ramphastos spp.) in seed germination of the tropical tree Eugenia uniflora, which produces seeds that vary considerably in size (3.7–14.3 mm), using 151 control and 137 regurgitated seeds in germination trials. We found that toucan regurgitation did not increase germination success, although 93.4% germinated compared to 76.8% of control seeds; however, larger seeds germinated more often at faster rates. Although only marginally significant, germination rates were 3.6× faster when seeds were both large and regurgitated by toucans, demonstrating that toucan regurgitation can disproportionally benefit larger E. uniflora seeds. As tropical forests are increasingly disturbed and fragmented by human activities, the ability of toucans to continue providing seed dispersal services to degraded habitats may be vital to the persistence of many tropical plants that contain larger seeds and depend on larger dispersers.
Hail-caused greenfall leaves, litterfall, nutrients, and leaf decomposition in tropical cloud forest and a restoration planting
Authors: Williams-Linera Guadalupe , Tolome Javier , Alvarez-Aquino Claudia
Published: December 2022

Greenfall leaves caused by hailstorms may represent a resource pulse of nutrients. We determined the contribution of greenfall versus senescent leaves to total litterfall production, carbon, nitrogen and phosphorus input to the system, and leaf decomposition rate. Litterfall was collected monthly for three years in two cloud forests (F1, F2) and a restoration planting area (R) in Veracruz, Mexico. Two fortuitous hailstorms occurred in the second year. Leaf decomposition rate was determined in all three sites but did not differ across them. Total annual litterfall, excluding greenfall, was 10.0, 10.1, and 7.7 Mg ha−1 y−1 for F1, F2, and R, respectively. Senescent leaves represented 65% of the litterfall, while greenfall leaves increased the annual leaf biomass component of the litterfall by 12%. Concentrations of carbon, nitrogen, and phosphorus were 2.3, 5.7, and 18.1% higher, respectively, in greenfall than in senescent leaves. Greenfall increased the annual input of C, N, and P by 12, 13, and 14%, respectively. Despite their short duration (approximately 70 minutes), the hailstorm events generated a substantial contribution of greenfall leaves and a source of extra C, N, and P, since these leaves decompose and are incorporated into the cloud forest system.
The survival of epidemic and sporadic MRSA on human skin mimics is determined by both host and bacterial factors
Authors: Baede Valérie O. , Voet Michella M. , van der Reijden Tanny J. K. , van Wengen Annelies , Horst-Kreft Deborah E. , Lemmens-den Toom Nicole A. , Tavakol Mehri , Vos Margreet C. , Nibbering Peter H. , van Wamel Willem J. B.
Published: December 2022

Bacterial survival on, and interactions with, human skin may explain the epidemiological success of MRSA strains. We evaluated the bacterial counts for 27 epidemic and 31 sporadic MRSA strains on 3D epidermal models based on N/TERT cells (NEMs) after 1, 2 and 8 days. In addition, the expression of antimicrobial peptides (hBD-2, RNase 7), inflammatory cytokines (IL-1β, IL-6) and chemokine IL-8 by NEMs was assessed using immunoassays and the expression of 43S. aureusvirulence factors was determined by a multiplex competitive Luminex assay. To explore donor variation, bacterial counts for five epidemic and seven sporadic MRSA strains were determined on 3D primary keratinocyte models (LEMs) from three human donors. Bacterial survival was comparable on NEMs between the two groups, but on LEMs, sporadic strains showed significantly lower survival numbers compared to epidemic strains. Both groups triggered the expression of immune factors. Upon interaction with NEMs, only the epidemic MRSA strains expressed pore-forming toxins, including alpha-hemolysin (Hla), gamma-hemolysin (HlgB), Panton-Valentine leucocidin (LukS) and LukED. Together, these data indicate that the outcome of the interaction between MRSA and human skin mimics, depends on the unique combination of bacterial strain and host factors.
Fluctuations of subgraph counts in graphon based random graphs
Authors: Bhattacharya Bhaswar B. , Chatterjee Anirban , Janson Svante
Published: December 2022

Given a graphon
$W$
and a finite simple graph
$H$
, with vertex set
$V(H)$
, denote by
$X_n(H, W)$
the number of copies of
$H$
in a
$W$
-random graph on
$n$
vertices. The asymptotic distribution of
$X_n(H, W)$
was recently obtained by Hladký, Pelekis, and Šileikis [17] in the case where
$H$
is a clique. In this paper, we extend this result to any fixed graph
$H$
. Towards this we introduce a notion of
$H$
-regularity of graphons and show that if the graphon
$W$
is not
$H$
-regular, then
$X_n(H, W)$
has Gaussian fluctuations with scaling
$n^{|V(H)|-\frac{1}{2}}$
. On the other hand, if
$W$
is
$H$
-regular, then the fluctuations are of order
$n^{|V(H)|-1}$
and the limiting distribution of
$X_n(H, W)$
can have both Gaussian and non-Gaussian components, where the non-Gaussian component is a (possibly) infinite weighted sum of centred chi-squared random variables with the weights determined by the spectral properties of a graphon derived from
$W$
. Our proofs use the asymptotic theory of generalised
$U$
-statistics developed by Janson and Nowicki [22]. We also investigate the structure of
$H$
-regular graphons for which either the Gaussian or the non-Gaussian component of the limiting distribution (but not both) is degenerate. Interestingly, there are also
$H$
-regular graphons
$W$
for which both the Gaussian or the non-Gaussian components are degenerate, that is,
$X_n(H, W)$
has a degenerate limit even under the scaling
$n^{|V(H)|-1}$
. We give an example of this degeneracy with
$H=K_{1, 3}$
(the 3-star) and also establish non-degeneracy in a few examples. This naturally leads to interesting open questions on higher order degeneracies.
Resection of an immature intrapericardial teratoma from a premature neonate presenting as hydrops foetalis
Authors: Mazalan S. Laura , Yubbu Putri , Velayudham V. Ramesh
Published: December 2022

Intrapericardial teratoma is a germ-cell tumor that typically arises from the base of the heart. This rare cardiac tumour is the second most common tumor diagnosed in fetuses and newborn. Although benign, it can be massive in size causing direct compression on the heart and associated with significant pericardial effusion resulting life-threatening complications such as cardiac tamponade, heart failure, foetal hydrops, and sudden death. Early antenatal diagnosis and surgical intervention improve the survival. We present a case of immature intrapericardial teratoma diagnosed at 25 weeks of gestation but required multiple foetal pericardiocentesis and premature delivery due to massive pericardial effusion. The importance of multidisciplinary team approach to ensure successful management was highlighted in this case report.
Introduction of specialized heart failure nurses in primary care and its impact on readmissions
Authors: Kristiansson Robert S. , Ssegonja Richard , Ropponen Alina , Olsson Anna , Sampaio Filipa
Published: December 2022

Background:

Heart failure (HF) has a 2% prevalence in the population and is a major cause of morbidity and mortality. Multiple efforts have been made worldwide to improve quality of care and decrease unplanned readmissions for HF patients, one of which has been the introduction of specialist HF nurses (HFN) in primary health care. The present evidence on the benefits of HFN is contradicting. This study aims to evaluate the impact of a quality improvement intervention, availability of a HFN in Swedish primary care, on hospital readmissions.

Methods:

All patients over the age of 65 with a HF diagnosis and with complete information on availability of a HFN were included in this retrospective register-based study. Using propensity score matching (PSM) techniques, two comparable groups of 128 patients each were created according to the exposure status, availability or no availability of a HFN. The rate of readmission was compared between the groups.

Results:

Using PSM, 256 patients were matched, 128 in the HFN group and 128 in the no-HFN group. A total of 50% and 46.09% of patients in the HFN and no-HFN groups were readmitted, respectively. Mean number of readmissions per patient was 1.19 (SD 0.61) in the HFN group and 1.10 (SD 0.44) in the no-HFN group. Patients in the HFN had 17.6% higher odds of being readmitted during the study period, OR: 1.176 (CI: 0.716–1.932), and 3.8% lower odds of being readmitted within 30 days, OR: 0.962 (CI: 0.528–1.750).

Conclusions:

Availability of a HFN in primary care was not significantly associated with reduced readmissions for the patients included in this study. Further investigations are warranted looking at the impacts of availability and access to a HFN in primary care on readmissions and other patient outcomes.
Experience of application of the meaning-centered psychotherapy to Japanese bereaved family of patients with cancer – A mixed-method study
Authors: Koda Rumiko , Fujisawa Daisuke , Kawaguchi Mayu , Kasai Hitoshi
Published: December 2022

Objectives

This study aimed to adapt the meaning-centered psychotherapy (MCP) to treat post-bereavement grief in Japanese bereaved families who lost their loved ones to cancer and to examine the feasibility of the intervention using both quantitative and qualitative methods.

Methods

A modified version of MCP was developed with cultural consideration. Bereaved individuals aged ≥18 years who had lost their family members to cancer at least 6 months before and had severe or persistent grief with a score of ≥26 on the Inventory of Complicated Grief (ICG-19) were included in the study. The participants received the modified version of MCP, which was provided in a 5-session monthly format. The levels of grief (ICG-19), depression (Center for Epidemiologic Studies Depression Scale [CES-D]), general health (General Health Questionnaire-12), and post-traumatic growth (Post-traumatic Growth Inventory -Short Form) were compared before and after the intervention.

Results

Five bereaved individuals were enrolled, and all the participants completed the program. The mean scores of the ICG-19. The participants’ sense of regret, guilt, and being separated from the deceased person gradually shifted to the reappraisal of the experience, leading to a broadened view of the relationship with the deceased, and rediscovery of the core values, identity, and roles of the participants through the process of rediscovery of the meaning of life.

Significance of results

A modified version of the MCP was well accepted by Japanese bereaved families. The intervention appears to promote the rediscovery of the meaning of life and appears to have the potential to alleviate the bereaved individuals’ depression and grief-related symptoms and to facilitate their post-traumatic growth.
Salons in Belgrade in the Nineteenth Century: The Coexistence of Different Cultural Models
Authors: Marković Marijana Kokanović
Published: December 2022

The aim of this study is to describe the emergence of court and bourgeois salons in the nineteenth-century Principality of Serbia, in the context of the socio-historical circumstances and geopolitical background. A selection of examples of salon gatherings organized in Belgrade from the 1830s to the 1870s show the emergence of a new cultural identity through the coexistence and merging of different cultural models: Western European, Ottoman and Serbian. Starting with the first salons, organized in the 1830s in the home of Tomanija and Jevrem Obrenović, salon gatherings will be viewed through the prism of selected court and bourgeois salons. Special attention is paid to salons in which only women took part. In the period of the construction of the modern Serbian state, these salon gatherings contributed to the emancipation of women and their step from the private to the public sphere of society. In order to more comprehensively understand the role and significance of salon, the multi-layered salon practices are observed, with a focus on (1) analysis of the symbolism of interior decoration and clothing and of the social status of salon guests; (2) a reconstruction of the atmosphere through details of refreshments (food and drink), specific decorations of individual salons and dances performed; (3) analysis of the artistic and intellectual content: music, literature, poetry and science.
Regulation of cells of the arterial wall by hypoxia and its role in the development of atherosclerosis
Authors: Norda Stephen , Papadantonaki Rosa
Published: December 2022

Summary: The cell’s response to hypoxia depends on stabilization of the hypoxia-inducible factor 1 complex and transactivation of nuclear factor kappa-B (NF-κB). HIF target gene transcription in cells resident to atherosclerotic lesions adjoins a complex interplay of cytokines and mediators of inflammation affecting cholesterol uptake, migration, and inflammation. Maladaptive activation of the HIF-pathway and transactivation of nuclear factor kappa-B causes monocytes to invade early atherosclerotic lesions, maintaining inflammation and aggravating a low-oxygen environment. Meanwhile HIF-dependent upregulation of the ATP-binding cassette transporter ABCA1 causes attenuation of cholesterol efflux and ultimately macrophages becoming foam cells. Hypoxia facilitates neovascularization by upregulation of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) secreted by endothelial cells and vascular smooth muscle cells lining the arterial wall destabilizing the plaque. HIF-knockout animal models and inhibitor studies were able to show beneficial effects on atherogenesis by counteracting the HIF-pathway in the cell wall. In this review the authors elaborate on the up-to-date literature on regulation of cells of the arterial wall through activation of HIF-1α and its effect on atherosclerotic plaque formation.
Deep Learning Based Cloud Cover Parameterization for ICON
Authors: Grundner Arthur , Beucler Tom , Gentine Pierre , Iglesias‐Suarez Fernando , Giorgetta Marco A. , Eyring Veronika
Published: December 2022

A promising approach to improve cloud parameterizations within climate models and thus climate projections is to use deep learning in combination with training data from storm‐resolving model (SRM) simulations. The ICOsahedral Non‐hydrostatic (ICON) modeling framework permits simulations ranging from numerical weather prediction to climate projections, making it an ideal target to develop neural network (NN) based parameterizations for sub‐grid scale processes. Within the ICON framework, we train NN based cloud cover parameterizations with coarse‐grained data based on realistic regional and global ICON SRM simulations. We set up three different types of NNs that differ in the degree of vertical locality they assume for diagnosing cloud cover from coarse‐grained atmospheric state variables. The NNs accurately estimate sub‐grid scale cloud cover from coarse‐grained data that has similar geographical characteristics as their training data. Additionally, globally trained NNs can reproduce sub‐grid scale cloud cover of the regional SRM simulation. Using the game‐theory based interpretability library SHapley Additive exPlanations, we identify an overemphasis on specific humidity and cloud ice as the reason why our column‐based NN cannot perfectly generalize from the global to the regional coarse‐grained SRM data. The interpretability tool also helps visualize similarities and differences in feature importance between regionally and globally trained column‐based NNs, and reveals a local relationship between their cloud cover predictions and the thermodynamic environment. Our results show the potential of deep learning to derive accurate yet interpretable cloud cover parameterizations from global SRMs, and suggest that neighborhood‐based models may be a good compromise between accuracy and generalizability.
Relativistic Microburst Scale Size Induced by a Single Point‐Source Chorus Element
Authors: Kang Ning , Bortnik Jacob , Zhang Xiaojia , Claudepierre Seth , Shi Xiaofei
Published: December 2022

Relativistic microbursts are impulsive, sub‐second precipitation bursts of relativistic electrons. They are one of the main loss mechanisms of outer radiation belt electrons, and are driven by chorus waves. The scale size of relativistic microbursts is still not fully understood. In this work a global modeling of the microburst spatial distribution is conducted to study the scale size of relativistic microburst induced by chorus waves. A primary precipitation burst is induced near the source region by quasi‐parallel waves, and a secondary precipitation (SP) is induced on higher L‐shells by further‐propagating, oblique waves. The SP has a significant scale size even with a point‐source assumption because of wave spreading due to propagation effect. The secondary relativistic microburst scale size is ∼40(20) km on the counter (co)‐streaming side, consistent with previous observations. Our modeling results indicate chorus wave propagation effects are one of the primary factors controlling the relativistic microburst scale size.
Effects of Stratospheric Gravity Waves on Convection in the Troposphere During Typhoon Lekima 2019
Authors: Wang Xu , Zhang Lifeng , Wang Yuan , Guan Jiping , Zhang Yun
Published: December 2022

The influence of stratospheric gravity waves (SGWs) on the intensity of convection (CI) in the area of heavy precipitation around Typhoon Lekima (2019) is studied. Using theory and simulations, the energy and phase of the SGWs are shown to propagate upward and downward. The SGWs can propagate downward into the areas of convective instability in the upper troposphere in 35–85 min. Downward‐propagating SGWs can promote the release of convective instability energy, so the CI is enhanced. The relationship between SGWs and CI after 85 min is studied using a two‐layer model hypothesis for both a linear regression model and a Long Short‐Term Memory neural network model (nonlinear). The relationship is shown to be primarily linear (nonlinear) when the SGWs are weak (intensive). Therefore, the SGWs may be used as a proxy for the CI.
A Comparative Study on Heterogeneity of Clay Rocks Using Pore‐Scale Diffusion Simulations and Experiments
Authors: Yuan Tao , Yang Yuankai , Ait‐Mouheb Naila , Deissmann Guido , Fischer Cornelius , Stumpf Thorsten , Bosbach Dirk
Published: December 2022

Accurate modeling and simulation of radionuclide migration in clay rocks such as the Opalinus Clay (OPA) play a key role in the safety assessment of deep geological repositories for nuclear wastes. At the continuum scale, the representative elementary volume (REV) is a fundamental constraint to quantify the effective diffusivity, which is a key parameter in reactive transport (RT) models. Therefore, an accurate estimation of the REV is essential for a meaningful continuum‐scale RT simulation in heterogeneous clay rocks. This study presents a comprehensive analysis of the heterogeneities of porosity and effective diffusivity in clay rocks by using the classical sampling theory and pore‐scale simulations. First, in this study, the two‐dimensional representative elementary area is correlated with the REV for porosity via a characteristic length. Next, it is shown that the REV for diffusivity is larger than the REV for porosity. Moreover, these two REVs can be correlated using Archie's law. In such a way, the REV for diffusivity can be determined by the developed correlations through analyzing two‐dimensional microstructures, thus significantly reducing the computational cost. Finally, the applicability of our approach for clay rocks is validated by experimental data on the diffusion of tritiated water in the heterogeneous sandy facies of OPA. From both the experimental data and the modeling prediction, the REV for diffusivity in the sandy facies of OPA is in the order of cubic centimeters. This study provides critical insights into the diffusion in heterogeneous clay rocks toward an enhanced predictability of radionuclide migration.
Typhoon Effects on the Vertical Chlorophyll Distribution on the Northern Shelf of the South China Sea
Authors: Fang Weiwei , Geng Bingxu , Xiu Peng
Published: December 2022

Typhoon Merbok passed through the northern South China Sea and landed near the Pearl River Estuary in June 2017. Field observations showed that the chlorophyll‐a (Chla) concentration in the bottom/subsurface chlorophyll maximum (BCM/SCM) layer decreased in both nearshore and offshore regions after Merbok. In addition, the BCM/SCM layer became shallower in the nearshore region and deeper in the offshore region after Merbok. A coupled physical‐biogeochemical model was applied to investigate the driving mechanism for this Chla change. During the typhoon, the spatial movement of plume water was responsible for the surface Chla change in the nearshore region, and vertical mixing increased Chla in the upper layer and decreased it in the SCM layer in the offshore region. Shortly after the typhoon, surface Chla increased and bottom Chla decreased in the nearshore region, which was associated with strengthened bottom flow and vertical mixing. When the typhoon‐induced mixing decreased, upwelling tended to shoal the BCM layer in the nearshore region, and phytoplankton production increased Chla in the BCM layer. In the offshore region, vertical mixing was the dominant mechanism for Chla redistribution during the typhoon, which decreased Chla in the SCM layer and resulted in a deeper SCM layer. A few days after the typhoon, phytoplankton production also contributed to the Chla change particularly in the subsurface layer, which was stronger in the nearshore region than that in the offshore region. These findings may contribute to the understanding of phytoplankton dynamics in response to typhoons in coastal areas.
Long term follow-up after haematopoietic stem cell transplantation for mucopolysaccharidosis type I-H: a retrospective study of 51 patients
Authors: Gardin Antoine , Castelle Martin , Pichard Samia , Cano Aline , Chabrol Brigitte , Piarroux Julie , Roubertie Agathe , Nadjar Yann , Guemann Anne-Sophie , Tardieu Marine , Lacombe Didier , Robert Matthieu P. , Caillaud Catherine , Froissart Roseline , Leboeuf Virginie , Barbier Valérie , Bouchereau Juliette , Schiff Manuel , Fauroux Brigitte , Thierry Briac , Luscan Romain , James Syril , de Saint-Denis Timothée , Pannier Stéphanie , Gitiaux Cyril , Vergnaud Estelle , Boddaert Nathalie , Lascourreges Claire , Lemoine Michel , Bonnet Damien , Blanche Stéphane , Dalle Jean-Hugues , Neven Bénédicte , de Lonlay Pascale , Brassier Anaïs
Published: December 2022

Mucopolysaccharidosis type I-H (MPS I-H) is a rare lysosomal storage disorder caused by α-L-Iduronidase deficiency. Early haematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT) is the sole available therapeutic option to preserve neurocognitive functions. We report long-term follow-up (median 9 years, interquartile range 8–16.5) for 51 MPS I-H patients who underwent HSCT between 1986 and 2018 in France. 4 patients died from complications of HSCT and one from disease progression. Complete chimerism and normal α-L-Iduronidase activity were obtained in 84% and 71% of patients respectively. No difference of outcomes was observed between bone marrow and cord blood stem cell sources. All patients acquired independent walking and 91% and 78% acquired intelligible language or reading and writing. Intelligence Quotient evaluation (n = 23) showed that 69% had IQ ≥ 70 at last follow-up. 58% of patients had normal or remedial schooling and 62% of the 13 adults had good socio-professional insertion. Skeletal dysplasia as well as vision and hearing impairments progressed despite HSCT, with significant disability. These results provide a long-term assessment of HSCT efficacy in MPS I-H and could be useful in the evaluation of novel promising treatments such as gene therapy.
Adhesive free, conformable and washable carbon nanotube fabric electrodes for biosensing
Authors: Hossain Md. Milon , Li Braden M. , Sennik Busra , Jur Jesse S. , Bradford Philip D.
Published: December 2022

Skin-mounted wearable electronics are attractive for continuous health monitoring and human-machine interfacing. The commonly used pre-gelled rigid and bulky electrodes cause discomfort and are unsuitable for continuous long-term monitoring applications. Here, we design carbon nanotubes (CNTs)-based electrodes that can be fabricated using different textile manufacturing processes. We propose woven and braided electrode design using CNTs wrapped textile yarns which are highly conformable to skin and measure a high-fidelity electrocardiography (ECG) signal. The skin-electrode impedance analysis revealed size-dependent behavior. To demonstrate outstanding wearability, we designed a seamless knit electrode that can be worn as a bracelet. The designed CNT-based dry electrodes demonstrated record high signal-to-noise ratios and were very stable against motion artifacts. The durability test of the electrodes exhibited robustness to laundering and practicality for reusable and sustainable applications.
Physical imaging parameter variation drives domain shift
Authors: Kilim Oz , Olar Alex , Joó Tamás , Palicz Tamás , Pollner Péter , Csabai István
Published: December 2022

Statistical learning algorithms strongly rely on an oversimplified assumption for optimal performance, that is, source (training) and target (testing) data are independent and identically distributed. Variation in human tissue, physician labeling and physical imaging parameters (PIPs) in the generative process, yield medical image datasets with statistics that render this central assumption false. When deploying models, new examples are often out of distribution with respect to training data, thus, training robust dependable and predictive models is still a challenge in medical imaging with significant accuracy drops common for deployed models. This statistical variation between training and testing data is referred to as domain shift (DS).To the best of our knowledge we provide the first empirical evidence that variation in PIPs between test and train medical image datasets is a significant driver of DS and model generalization error is correlated with this variance. We show significant covariate shift occurs due to a selection bias in sampling from a small area of PIP space for both inter and intra-hospital regimes. In order to show this, we control for population shift, prevalence shift, data selection biases and annotation biases to investigate the sole effect of the physical generation process on model generalization for a proxy task of age group estimation on a combined 44 k image mammogram dataset collected from five hospitals.We hypothesize that training data should be sampled evenly from PIP space to produce the most robust models and hope this study provides motivation to retain medical image generation metadata that is almost always discarded or redacted in open source datasets. This metadata measured with standard international units can provide a universal regularizing anchor between distributions generated across the world for all current and future imaging modalities.
Social affiliation is sufficient to provoke the partner-advantage
Authors: Tseng Chia-huei , Jingling Li , Cheng Miao
Published: December 2022

The partner-advantage is a type of identity-priority processing that we afford to a person with whom we perform a task together 1. The partner-advantage has been revealed by shortened reaction time (RT) and enhanced accuracy when participants learned to match a shape with an associated name. It is distinguished from other long-lasting and robust identity advantages (e.g., self-advantage and friend-advantage) by its instantaneous build-up and quick reduction; however, its characteristics and enabling factors remain unknown. The present study addresses these questions. In Experiment 1, we replicated the partner-advantage in a solo shape-name matching task (i.e., without a social component) in which other identity biases are usually reported. In Experiment 2, an absent partner (who did not appear physically) was sufficient to induce beneficial partner-related processing, with a temporary partner enjoying a benefit similar to that of significant others. In Experiment 3, an identity low in socially affiliated significance (e.g., another participant in the same experiment) did not automatically enjoy a priority bias. Taken together, our results suggest that the bias toward partners, similar to other known identity biases, does not require physical presence to build and maintain a referential advantage. The partner-advantage does not automatically extend to other social affiliations, and a joint task is not a pre-requisite to produce the bias. Our study offers new insights on identity-referential processing and its underlying mechanisms.
Photoreceptor density in relation to axial length and retinal location in human eyes
Authors: Panda-Jonas Songhomitra , Jonas Jost B. , Jonas Rahul A.
Published: December 2022

The purpose of the study was to examine the density of retinal photoreceptors and retinal pigment epithelium (RPE) cells in relation to myopic axial elongation in human eyes. Using light microscopy, we assessed the density of photoreceptors and RPE cells at the ora serrata, equator, and midperiphery (equator/posterior pole midpoint), and the RPE cell density additionally at the posterior pole, in enucleated human globes. The study included 78 eyes (mean age: 59.2 ± 15.6 years; range: 32–85 years) with a mean axial length of 27.3 ± 3.6 mm (range: 21.5–37.0 mm). Close to the ora serrata, at the equator and midperiphery, photoreceptor and RPE cell density was 246 ± 183, 605 ± 299 and 1089 ± 441 photoreceptors/mm and 56.1 ± 13.7, 45.2 ± 15.1, and 48.8 ± 15.6 RPE cells/mm, respectively. Densities of both cell types in all three regions were positively correlated with each other (all P < 0.001) and decreased with longer axial length (all P < 0.001) and longer distance between the ora serrata and the posterior pole (all P < 0.001), most marked at the midperiphery and least marked close to the ora serrata. The PRE cell density at the posterior pole was not significantly (P = 0.35) related to axial length. The photoreceptor density at the ora serrata (beta:− 0.33) and equator (beta: − 0.27) and RPE cell density at the ora serrata (beta: − 0.27) decreased additionally with the presence of glaucoma. The findings suggest that the axial elongation-related decrease in photoreceptor and RPE cell density is most marked at the midperiphery, followed by the equator and finally the ora serrata region. It suggests that the axial elongation-related enlargement of the eye wall predominantly takes place in the retro-equatorial region, followed by the equatorial region.
Clinical features and serum cytokine profiles of elderly-onset adult-onset Still’s disease
Authors: Yagishita Mizuki , Tsuboi Hiroto , Kuroda Yuki , Sawabe Tomonori , Kawashima Akira , Kawashima Fumina , Uematsu Nana , Sato Ryota , Nishiyama Taihei , Terasaki Mayu , Toko Hirofumi , Honda Fumika , Ohyama Ayako , Abe Saori , Kitada Ayako , Miki Haruka , Hagiwara Shinya , Kondo Yuya , Sumida Takayuki , Matsumoto Isao
Published: December 2022

Recent studies have suggested that the clinical features of elderly-onset adult-onset Still’s disease (AOSD) differ from those of young and middle-aged-onset patients, whereas the details remain unclear, and cytokine profiles of elderly-onset AOSD have not been reported. To clarify the clinical features and cytokine profiles of elderly-onset AOSD, we examined patients with AOSD who developed the disease between January 2006 and September 2021. We divided the patients into the young and middle-aged-onset group (aged < 65 years) and the elderly-onset group (aged ≥ 65 years) and compared the groups in terms of patient characteristics, clinical symptoms, laboratory findings including serum interleukin (IL)-6 and IL-18, treatment, and prognosis. A total of 48 patients were examined (10 in the elderly-onset group). In the elderly-onset group, atypical rash was significantly more frequent, typical rash and splenomegaly were significantly less frequent, white blood cell count and neutrophil ratio were significantly higher and serum IL-6 levels were significantly lower. Serum IL-6 showed a significantly negative correlation with age at onset. Treatment and relapse were comparable between the 2 groups, whereas infections were significantly more frequent in the elderly-onset group. The clinical features and cytokine profiles of elderly-onset AOSD might differ from those of young and middle-aged-onset AOSD.
Hybridization of surface plasmons and photonic crystal resonators for high-sensitivity and high-resolution sensing applications
Authors: Hajshahvaladi Leila , Kaatuzian Hassan , Moghaddasi Maryam , Danaie Mohammad
Published: December 2022

In this paper, an optical refractive index (RI) sensor based on a hybrid plasmonic-photonic crystal (P-PhC) is designed. In the sensor’s structure, some metallic rods are embedded in a rod-type photonic crystal (PhC) structure. Numerical simulations are performed based on the finite-difference time-domain (FDTD) method. The obtained results illustrate that the localized surface plasmons (LSP) induced by metallic rods can be excited in a PhC lattice to generate a hybrid P-PhC mode. According to the results, the hybrid mode provides unique opportunities. Using metallic rods in the coupling regions between waveguides and the resonant cavity significantly increases the interaction of the optical field and analyte inside the cavity. The simulation results reveal that high sensitivity of 1672 nm/RIU and an excellent figure of merit (FoM) of 2388 RIU−1 are obtained for the proposed hybrid P-PhC sensor. These values are highest compared to the purely plasmonic and or purely PhC sensors reported in the literature. The proposed sensor could simultaneously enhance sensitivity and FoM values. Therefore, the proposed hybrid P-PhC RI sensor is a more fascinating candidate for high-sensitivity and high-resolution sensing applications at optic communication wavelengths.
Comprehensive pan-cancer genomic landscape of KRAS altered cancers and real-world outcomes in solid tumors
Authors: Lee Jessica K. , Sivakumar Smruthy , Schrock Alexa B. , Madison Russell , Fabrizio David , Gjoerup Ole , Ross Jeffrey S. , Frampton Garrett M. , Napalkov Pavel , Montesion Meagan , Schutzman Jennifer L. , Ye Xin , Hegde Priti S. , Nagasaka Misako , Oxnard Geoffrey R. , Sokol Ethan S. , Ou Sai-Hong Ignatius , Shi Zhen
Published: December 2022

Recent clinical development of KRAS inhibitors has heightened interest in the genomic landscape of KRAS-altered cancers. We performed a pan-cancer analysis of KRAS-altered samples from 426,706 adult patients with solid or hematologic malignancies using comprehensive genomic profiling; additional analyses included 62,369 liquid biopsy and 7241 pediatric samples. 23% of adult pan-cancer samples had KRAS alterations; 88% were mutations, most commonly G12D/G12V/G12C/G13D/G12R, and prevalence was similar in liquid biopsies. Co-alteration landscapes were largely similar across KRAS mutations but distinct from KRAS wild-type, though differences were observed in some tumor types for tumor mutational burden, PD-L1 expression, microsatellite instability, and other mutational signatures. Prognosis of KRAS-mutant versus other genomic cohorts of lung, pancreatic, and colorectal cancer were assessed using a real-world clinicogenomic database. As specific KRAS inhibitors and combination therapeutic strategies are being developed, genomic profiling to understand co-alterations and other biomarkers that may modulate response to targeted or immunotherapies will be imperative.
Mechanisms of circular RNA degradation
Authors: Ren Longxin , Jiang Qingshan , Mo Liyi , Tan Lijie , Dong Qifei , Meng Lijuan , Yang Nanyang , Li Guoqing
Published: December 2022

Circular RNAs (CircRNAs) are a class of noncoding RNAs formed by backsplicing during cotranscriptional and posttranscriptional processes, and they widely exist in various organisms. CircRNAs have multiple biological functions and are associated with the occurrence and development of many diseases. While the biogenesis and biological function of circRNAs have been extensively studied, there are few studies on circRNA degradation and only a few pathways for specific circRNA degradation have been identified. Here we outline basic information about circRNAs, summarize the research on the circRNA degradation mechanisms and discusses where this field might head, hoping to provide some inspiration and guidance for scholars who aim to study the degradation of circRNAs.
Introduction to ‘Development of bio-orthogonal tools’
Authors: Zhang Yan , Yi Chengqi
Published: December 2022

Yan Zhang and Chengqi Yi introduce the RSC Chemical Biology themed collection on ‘Development of bio-orthogonal tools’.
CuII-mediated stabilisation of DNA duplexes bearing consecutive ethenoadenine lesions and its application to a metal-responsive DNAzyme
Authors: Rajasree Silpa Chandran , Takezawa Yusuke , Shionoya Mitsuhiko
Published: December 2022

The CuII-dependent stabilisation of DNA duplexes bearing consecutive 1,N6-ethenoadenine (εA) lesions was investigated and applied to the development of a CuII-responsive split-DNAzyme.
A novel Li+-doped CsCu2I3 single crystal for dual gamma–neutron detection
Authors: Liu Dongdong , Wei Qinhua , Tong Yufeng , Xiang Peng , Cai Peiqing , Tang Gao , Shi Hongsheng , Qin Laishun
Published: December 2022

Study on the growth of a Li+-doped CsCu2I3 crystal for dual gamma-ray and neutron detection.
DNMR measurements of an asymmetric odd liquid crystal dimer: determination of the intramolecular angle and the degree of order of the two rigid cores
Authors: Sebastián Nerea , Zupančič Blaz , Zalar Boštjan , López David O. , Salud Josep , de Rioja Victor López , Levit Rafael , Robles-Hernández Beatriz , de la Fuente María Rosario , Gimeno Nélida , Ros María Blanca , Diez-Berart Sergio
Published: December 2022

We present a DNMR study of the LC dimer CBO7O.Py, formed by a cyanobiphenyl unit and a pyrene-containing unit. We have experimentally determined two order parameters, one for each rigid unit, as well as the intramolecular angle.
Multiphoton breakdown of acetylene; formation of organic building block fragments
Authors: Jiang Meng-Xu , Giannakidis Ioannis C. , Samartzis Peter C. , Kvaran Ágúst
Published: December 2022

Multiphoton-fragmentation (photodissociation and photoionization) processes of acetylene via resonant excitations to Rydberg states; fragment formation.
From non-conventional ideas to multifunctional solvents inspired by green chemistry: fancy or sustainable macromolecular chemistry?
Authors: Ślusarczyk Kinga , Flejszar Monika , Chmielarz Paweł
Published: December 2022

The review teach the reader how the use of an unconventional polymerization medium not only as scientific fantasy designed to validate an established concept but also as a viable tool for the sustainable development of macromolecular chemistry.
Experimental determination of tantalum L-shell fluorescence yields and Coster–Kronig transition probabilities
Authors: Wauschkuhn Nils , Frenzel Katja , Beckhoff Burkhard , Hönicke Philipp
Published: December 2022

In this work, fluorescence yields and Coster–Kronig transition probabilities of the tantalum L-shell are determined with a reliable uncertainty budget.
Nanofluidic analytical system integrated with nanochannel open/close valves for enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay
Authors: Sano Hiroki , Kazoe Yutaka , Ohta Ryoichi , Shimizu Hisashi , Morikawa Kyojiro , Kitamori Takehiko
Published: December 2022

A nanofluidic analytical system integrated with multiple nanochannel open/close valves was developed and verified by performing an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay for 1500 cytokine molecules contained in a 25 pL sample.
A computational study on CO2 electrochemical reduction on two dimensional metal-1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,11,12-perthiolated coronene frameworks
Authors: Zhang Haoyan , Cheng Lin , Li Kai , Wang Ying , Wang Wencheng
Published: December 2022

Mo–PTC has the best catalytic activity for the CO2RR in producing CH4.
Hierarchical In2O3/rGO nanostructures with uniformly distributed In2O3 nanoparticles: microwave-assisted synthesis and improved NO-sensing performance
Authors: Zhao Na , Feng Junlan , Chen Qianqian , Li Jinghua , Ge Xianghong , Zhao Bin , Yuan Peiling , Fang Lili , Yin Li
Published: December 2022

Enormous p–n heterojunction interfaces and the synergistic effect of In2O3 and rGO species effectively decreased the working temperature for NO detection.
Structural diversity, biosynthesis, and biological functions of lipopeptides fromStreptomyces
Authors: Zhang Songya , Chen Yunliang , Zhu Jing , Lu Qiujie , Cryle Max J. , Zhang Youming , Yan Fu
Published: December 2022

Streptomycesare ubiquitous in terrestrial and marine environments, where they display a fascinating metabolic diversity.
Sulfur vacancy modulated nickel-doped Co4S3hollow nanocube/nitrogen-doped V2CTxMXene nanosheet composites for optimizing the hydrogen evolution reaction
Authors: Zhou Yu , Wu Yousen , Guo Dongxuan , Li Jinlong , Dong Guohua , Chai Dong-Feng , Yang Xue , Fu Shanshan , Sui Guozhe
Published: December 2022

Sulfur vacancy modulated nickel-doped Co4S3hollow nanocube/nitrogen-doped V2CTxMXene nanosheet composite electrocatalysts are achieved through a sulfuration process along with ultrasonic treatment.
Polar side-chain tuning of perylene diimide and fluorene-based cathode interfacial material for high-performance inverted perovskite solar cells
Authors: Wu Tao , Wang Daizhe , Jiang Xingjian , Guo Fengyun , Ye Tengling , Gao Shiyong , Zhang Yong
Published: December 2022

Cathode interface layers (CILs) play an important role in inverted perovskite solar cells (PVSCs) to correct the mismatched energy levels, improve electron extraction, and passivate interfacial defects.
Construction of shrimp shell (SS) waste-based carbon electrode-gel polymer electrolyte (GPE) system for flexible symmetric supercapacitors
Authors: Hu Jiashuo , Wang Zhiqiang , Si Yanxiao , Hong Chen , Zhao Chengwang , Xing Yi , Ling Wei , Wang Yijie , Feng Lihui , Feng Weibo
Published: December 2022

Shrimp shell waste based hierarchical porous carbon and gel polymer electrolytes (GPE) were prepared for supercapacitors.