bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Study of an nZEB Office Building with Storage in Electric Vehicle Batteries and Dispatch of a Natural Gas-Fuelled Generator
Authors: Stamatellos George , Stamatelos Tassos
Published: April 2023

The rapid electrification of vehicles has led to a great increase in numbers of charging stations and a growing appetite for charging power, with stochastic charging behaviours heavily loading the electricity grid. The upcoming difficulties and increasing costs associated with electricity production will require a rapid development of smart grids and city networks. Smart micro-grids established in nearly zero-energy buildings (nZEB) are a promising strategy to support grid stability and resilience at a reduced cost. A significant amount of electricity storage capacity is necessary for optimal dispatch of the self-produced photovoltaic electricity. For office buildings, this capacity can be provided by the aggregate battery storage of the employees’ electric vehicles, which connect to the smart grid during working hours for charging and, if allowed, for discharging. An additional, fully controllable electricity source that is necessary to support an optimal micro-grid is the internal combustion engine-powered generator that is present in every commercial and office building as an emergency power supply. In the current study, a preliminary investigation of a smart micro-grid in a near zero-energy office building with a 218 kWp rooftop photovoltaic installation is carried out. The required electricity storage capacity is supplied by the employees’ electric vehicles, which stay connected to the building’s in-house chargers during working hours. The optimal rating of the natural gas-fuelled GenSet is determined based on a system’s operation and control study. Optimal dispatch of the different power sources to support the building’s autonomy and seasonal timing of electricity export to the grid is studied versus the electricity demand profiles of the electricity grid.
A Comprehensive Control Strategy for a Push–Pull Microinverter Connected to the Grid
Authors: Díaz Manuel , Muñoz Javier , Rivera Marco , Rohten Jaime
Published: April 2023

The effects of partial shading or dust accumulation on the panels of photovoltaic systems connected to the grid can generate a considerable reduction in energy performance, being necessary to provide the appropriate voltage to the grid regardless of the irradiance level. This paper addresses this problem and presents a comprehensive control strategy and its implementation for a grid-connected microinverter composed of a push–pull converter followed by an H-bridge inverter. In the push–pull converter, a hybrid MPPT algorithm and a PI control enable work in the MPP of the PV panel. In the H-bridge inverter, a cascade control consisting of a PI control and a predictive control allows the connection to the grid. A proof-of-concept prototype is implemented in order to validate the proposal. Experimental tests were performed by connecting the microinverter to a PV panel and a programmable photovoltaic panel emulator to check the MPPT performance. Furthermore, partial shading conditions were simulated on the dc source to check if the global maximum power point is reached. Experimental results demonstrate the feasibility of the topology and the control approach, obtaining MPPT performance in the topology above 99% at different power and voltage levels on the MPPT, even in the presence of partial shading conditions.
Analytical Modeling of Magnetic Field Distribution at No Load for Surface Mounted Permanent Magnet Machines
Authors: Di Gerlando Antonino , Ricca Claudio
Published: April 2023

This paper presents an analytical study of the air-gap magnetic field of a Surface Permanent Magnet (SPM) linear machine under no load. By means of the method of images, the complex expression of the magnetic field of a conductor, inside the air gap between two smooth iron surfaces, is retrieved. Then, integrating the conductor expression, the formulation of the magnetic field of a current sheet and thus the one of a SPM, using two vertical current sheets, is obtained. At last, the no-load magnetic field expression, for a generic time instant, of a slotless machine is retrieved. The novelty of the proposed approach is the availability, due to a different calculation approach, of a unique closed-form formulation for the slotless machine air-gap field, a quantity that, in literature, is usually present in Fourier series formulation. Additionally, as a means to calculate integral quantities and show the goodness of the method a complex slotting function is introduced to account for the slotted geometry. Finally, starting from Lorenz’s force formulation, the expression of the Maxwell tensor in complex form is retrieved and the contribution of forces, integral of the complex stress tensor quantity, will be calculated and compared with FEM simulations, showing a good agreement also with the analytical slotted model.
Estimation of Electric Arc Incident Energy in Electric Power Distribution Grids
Authors: Camponogara Marina , Bernardon Daniel , Marchesan Tiago , Bender Vitor , Pepe Fernando , Santos Gilnei , Chiara Lucas , Wolter Martin
Published: April 2023

The occurrence of an electric arc is an inherent possibility when working in a live line. Thermal risk is considered one of the most relevant risks associated with this type of event, so every worker who performs daily activities in the electricity distribution sector is subject to this risk to a lesser or greater degree. The quantification of the thermal risk is based on estimating the energy generated by the electric arc, and focuses on a surface called incident energy. Therefore, the incident energy estimate is used to define thermal protection strategies applicable to workers who carry out activities in the distribution sector. In light of this, the present work proposes a review of incident energy estimation methods for electric arcs in electric power distribution grids, highlighting the applicability of each of these methods in terms of voltage, short circuit type, and environment. Finally, five case studies are presented in which adequate methods are used to estimate the incident energy. Their results concerning incident energy and selected protective equipment (PPE) are compared. From the review of existing incident energy estimation methods in the literature and the case studies presented, the importance of selecting a suitable method for the type of system analyzed, considering electric, spatial, and intervention aspects, is observed. Finally, considering that the primary objective of incident energy estimation is to determine the need and selection of arc-rated PPE, the selected estimation method must be aligned and integrated with the clothing selection procedures and applicable PPE.
A Method for Matching Unconventional Wells and Reservoirs Based on Semi-Analytic Models
Authors: Shu Jin , Han Guoqing , Liang Xingyuan , Ma He
Published: April 2023

Unconventional well technology is often used as one of the most important means to reduce costs and increase efficiency in oil fields. There are many methods for unconventional well type optimization, but there are relatively few studies on whether the well type is suitable for the reservoir. In this paper, a method for matching unconventional wells and reservoirs is established. In our method, we first simplify the reservoir and choose initial suitable well types based on experience and then use a semi-analytical model to calculate the production rate in different producing sections. After that, we define some parameters to evaluate the matching degree of well types and reservoirs. Finally, we determine whether these well types are suitable for the reservoir based on these parameters. At the end of the paper, we apply the method to a specific case. The result shows that a stepped well is suitable for exploiting thin interbed reservoirs, but it is necessary that the permeability and fluid viscosity in different layers are within a certain range, and the shape of the stepped well is also limited. This paper gives a specific value for this range and limitation. The method for matching unconventional wells and reservoirs proposed in this paper is helpful for guiding the selection of unconventional well types before drilling.
The Internet of Vehicles and Sustainability—Reflections on Environmental, Social, and Corporate Governance
Authors: Kostrzewski Mariusz , Marczewska Magdalena , Uden Lorna
Published: April 2023

The Internet of Vehicles (IoV) has generated great interest among researchers from different disciplines as it is multidisciplinary research. Sustainability for the IoV requires solutions from different perspectives, particularly in the context of environmental, social, and corporate governance. This review paper examines each of the mentioned perspectives of IoV research which were conducted among at least one of these three perspectives. On the one hand, this allows determining how widely research on the IoV system has been conducted. Moreover, it shows the directions of research on the IoV. On the other hand, it determines whether and how the IoV research is linked to each of the perspectives separately and analyses this link from a global perspective as well; i.e., it analyses the survey data in terms of the data’s relationship to all the perspectives as a group. As one of the research results, a conceptual model of IoV systems allocating the ESG perspectives was developed. The current research has shown that consideration of IoV systems in the context of these three perspectives (treated both individually and collectively) is still limited. A balanced approach towards these IoV systems is still required. Therefore, the paper consists of a survey of the current research related to the sustainability of the IoV from the three mentioned perspectives, aiming to give a balanced view of the importance of the three perspectives for IoV systems.
Optimization of the Thermal Environment of Large-Scale Open Space with Subzone-Based Temperature Setting Using BEM and CFD Coupling Simulation
Authors: Zhang Qihang , Deng Qinli , Shan Xiaofang , Kang Xin , Ren Zhigang
Published: April 2023

A cruise ship, which has large-scale open spaces, has an uneven cabin thermal environment in the cruise public space, leading to overcooling or poor cooling issues. Therefore, optimizing the thermal environment of public spaces during a cruise should be the priority. According to the space functions of the cruise ship, the large public space is divided into three subzones: the entertainment area (Subzone I), the round-table dining area (Subzone II), and the square-table dining area (Subzone III). To create a uniform, stable, and comfortable thermal environment, this study proposes a subzone-based temperature setting approach to independently adjust the thermal environment of each subzone. Coupling simulation of building energy modeling (BEM) and computational fluid dynamics (CFD) was adopted in this study to determine proper temperature setpoints of the subzones under different occupancy rates. The results indicate that, compared with a single-temperature setpoint for the entire public space, the subzone-based temperature setpoints could achieve a uniform thermal environment. The average temperature difference among the three subzones was 0.68 °C. Moreover, the airflow between two adjacent subzones considerably affected the BEM results of energy consumption of the air-conditioning system.
Effects of Solid-State Fermentation on the Standardized Ileal Digestibility of Amino Acids and Apparent Metabolizable Energy in Peanut Meal Fed to Broiler Chickens
Authors: Li Shuzhen , Li Chong , Chen Si , Wang Xiaoying , Liu Jinmei , Deng Xuejuan , Cai Huiyi , Liu Guohua
Published: April 2023

Peanut meal (PNM) is a byproduct of the peanut oil extraction process, but its application is seriously limited by the presence of anti-nutritional factors, imbalance in amino acid profiles, and susceptibility to mycotoxin contamination. This study was conducted to investigate the effects of solid-state fermentation on the nutritional quality of PNM, as well as the effects of PNM and fermented peanut meal (FPNM) on the ileal digestibility of amino acids and apparent metabolizable energy (AME) of broiler chickens. The results indicated that the fermentation improved the quality of PNM by increasing the crude protein, TCA-soluble protein, and L-lactic acid concentration (p < 0.05), and decreasing the crude fiber, phytic acid, and aflatoxin B1 concentration (p < 0.05). Solid-state fermentation also increased the free amino acids level and improved the balance of hydrolyzed amino acids of PNM. A nitrogen-free diet was used to determine the loss of endogenous amino acid in birds, and the PNM or FPNM as the only protein source to formulate semi-purified diets. The result showed that feeding on FPNM resulted in higher apparent ileal digestibility (AID) and standardized ileal digestibility (SID) values of the essential amino acids of methionine, lysine, leucine, and phenylalanine (p < 0.05). Moreover, the AID and SID values of the non-essential amino acids of FPNM were both higher than those of PNM, except for proline (p < 0.05). The AME was determined by the classic substitution method, and the results showed that fermentation had no effect on the AME value (p > 0.05). In conclusion, solid-state fermentation improved the nutritional value of PNM, and FPNM was a potential ingredient as an alternative protein source for broilers.
Valorisation through Lactic Fermentation of Industrial Wastewaters from a Bean Blanching Treatment
Authors: Colucci Cante Rosa , Recupero Angelica , Prata Tommaso , Nigro Federica , Passannanti Francesca , Gallo Marianna , Lentini Giulia , Nigro Roberto , Budelli Andrea Luigi
Published: April 2023

In recent years, scientific research and industries have been focusing on the application of biological treatments aimed at imparting functional properties to waste products from food industries according to the principles on which the circular economy model is based, namely, the recovery, valorisation, and reuse of wastes. This work aimed at exploring the possibility of valorising waters from the blanching process of dried navy beans through lactic acid fermentation using Lacticaseibacillus paracasei CBA L74 as a starter. Two samples at different solid concentrations (0.75 °Bx and 1.25 °Bx) were fermented, and, in both cases, a bacterial load of 8 Logs and a lactic acid concentration of approximately 1.3 g/L were reached, despite the lack of nutrients. An unusual pH trend, characterised by an initial decrease and unexpected final rise, was observed during the fermentation of both samples: simultaneously, an increase in protein content was observed, suggesting that the proteolytic action of the microorganism could be responsible for the release of pH-increasing substances. In both cases, a slight increase in total polyphenols (approximately 23.3–33.72%) and flavonoids (approximately 42.3–52%) due to fermentation was observed, with a corresponding improvement in antioxidant capacity (approximately 25.32–37.72%). A significant increase in saponin concentration was determined for the most concentrated blanching water (from 2.87 ± 0.28 to 6.68 ± 0.69 mgOAE/mL), leading to an improvement in foaming properties and an enhanced capacity to produce stable emulsions. The obtained results confirmed the possibility of reducing water consumption from blanching operations, as well as finding valorisation opportunities for this side stream through a safe and inexpensive fermentation treatment.
Fire Protection and Evacuation Analysis in Underground Interchange Tunnels by Integrating BIM and Numerical Simulation
Authors: Liu Zhen , Gu Xingyu , Hong Rui
Published: April 2023

Rescue and evacuation of underground interchange tunnels after a fire are challenging. Therefore, a method of integrating building information modeling (BIM) and a fire dynamic simulator (FDS) was proposed to analyze fire characteristics and personnel escapes in underground interchange tunnels. A BIM model of underground interchange tunnels was built, and then different formats (DXF and CAD) were generated and imported into Pyrosim software and Pathfinder software. With an increase in ventilation velocity, the CO concentration and temperature downstream of the fire source increased, and visibility decreased, according to simulation results. The critical ventilation velocity was 3.6 m/s at 30 MW. Evacuation simulation results suggested that the congestion of the transverse passage was very unfavorable for personnel escape: the escape time increased by 14.9% and 20% when the interior and entrance of the transverse passage were severely congested, while a 2.5 m wide transverse passage effectively reduced the escape time. Visibility was the first indicator that it did not meet the safety of the escape. After the tunnel’s personnel have been evacuated, the air supply or exhaust system should be started, and smoke should be expelled at a higher velocity. It is necessary to clear the passageway quickly or increase the automatic firefighting facilities when congestion is severe.
Effects of Pre-Fire Vegetation on the Post-Fire Plant Community Response to Wildfire along a Successional Gradient in Western Juniper Woodlands
Authors: Strand Eva K. , Bunting Stephen C.
Published: April 2023

Western juniper was often historically restricted to fire refugia such as rocky outcrops but has since Euro-American settlement expanded into areas previously dominated by sagebrush steppe. Wildfires in developed woodlands have been rare. In 2007, the Tongue-Crutcher Wildland Fire burned 18,890 ha in southwestern Idaho along a woodland development gradient, providing unique research opportunities. To assess fire effects on vascular plants, field data were collected in 2012/2013 and 2019/2020. Species richness was uniform along the sere, while species diversity declined in late woodland stages attributed to juniper dominance. The greatest changes in species composition following fire occurred in later woodland development phases. Herbaceous vegetation increased following fire, but sagebrush cover was still lower in burned plots 12–13 years post-fire. Many stands dominated by juniper pre-fire became dominated by snowbrush ceanothus post-fire. Juniper seedlings were observed post-fire, indicating that juniper will reoccupy the area. Our research demonstrates resilience to fire and resistance to annual grasses particularly in early successional stages, which provides opportunities for fire use as a management tool on cool and moist ecological sites. Loss of old-growth juniper to wildfire underlines the importance of maintaining and provisioning for future development of some old growth on the landscape given century-long recovery times.
Characterization of the Biofilms Formed by Histamine-Producing Lentilactobacillus parabuchneri Strains in the Dairy Environment
Authors: Sarquis Agustina , Bajrami Diellza , Mizaikoff Boris , Ladero Victor , Alvarez Miguel A. , Fernandez Maria
Published: April 2023

Lentilactobacillus parabuchneri, a lactic acid bacterium, is largely responsible for the production and accumulation of histamine, a toxic biogenic amine, in cheese. L. parabuchneri strains can form biofilms on the surface of industry equipment. Since they are resistant to cleaning and disinfection, they may act as reservoirs of histamine-producing contaminants in cheese. The aim of this study was to investigate the biofilm-producing capacity of L. parabuchneri strains. Using the crystal violet technique, the strains were first categorized as weak, moderate or strong biofilm producers. Analysis of their biofilm matrices revealed them to be mainly composed of proteins. Two strains of each category were then selected to analyze the influence on the biofilm-forming capacity of temperature, pH, carbon source, NaCl concentration and surface material (i.e., focusing on those used in the dairy industry). In general, low temperature (8 °C), high NaCl concentrations (2–3% w/v) and neutral pH (pH 6) prevented biofilm formation. All strains were found to adhere easily to beech wood. These findings increase knowledge of the biofilm-forming capacity of histamine-producing L. parabuchneri strains and how their formation may be prevented for improving food safety.
In-Depth Insight into the Mechanism of Incorporation of Abelmoschus manihot Gum on the Enhancement of Gel Properties and In Vitro Digestibility of Frankfurters
Authors: Yuan Dongxue , Liang Xue , Kong Baohua , Sun Fangda , Li Xin , Cao Chuanai , Liu Qian
Published: April 2023

This study aimed to investigate the effects of different concentrations (0.1, 0.2, 0.3, 0.4, and 0.5% w/w) of Abelmoschus manihot gum (AMG) on the gel properties and in vitro digestibility of frankfurters. The results indicated that AMG incorporation significantly enhanced the emulsion stability and texture of frankfurters, as well as the dynamic rheological characteristics of raw meat batter, with the optimal concentration being 0.3% (p < 0.05). Furthermore, hydrogen bonds and disulphide bonds were the main molecular forces of the frankfurters in the presence of AMG. Microstructural images showed that more uniform and dense microstructures of frankfurters were formed due to AMG supplementation. In addition, AMG incorporation significantly increased the in vitro protein digestibility of frankfurters as the level of addition increased (p < 0.05). In conclusion, our results provided critical information for the practical application of AMG in the production of emulsified meat products.
Studying and Simulating the Fractional COVID-19 Model Using an Efficient Spectral Collocation Approach
Authors: Ibrahim Yasser F. , Abd El-Bar Sobhi E. , Khader Mohamed M. , Adel Mohamed
Published: April 2023

We give a theoretical and numerical analysis of a coronavirus (COVID-19) infection model in this research. A mathematical model of this system is provided, based on a collection of fractional differential equations (in the Caputo sense). Initially, a rough approximation formula was created for the fractional derivative of tp. Here, the third-kind Chebyshev approximations of the spectral collocation method (SCM) were used. To identify the unknown coefficients of the approximate solution, the proposed problem was transformed into a system of algebraic equations, which was then transformed into a restricted optimization problem. To evaluate the effectiveness and accuracy of the suggested scheme, the residual error function was computed. The objective of this research was to halt the global spread of a disease. A susceptible person may be moved immediately into the confined class after being initially quarantined or an exposed person may be transferred to one of the infected classes. The researchers adopted this strategy and considered both asymptomatic and symptomatic infected patients. Results acquired with the achieved results were contrasted with those obtained using the generalized Runge-Kutta method.
Laplace-Residual Power Series Method for Solving Time-Fractional Reaction–Diffusion Model
Authors: Oqielat Moa’ath N. , Eriqat Tareq , Ogilat Osama , El-Ajou Ahmad , Alhazmi Sharifah E. , Al-Omari Shrideh
Published: April 2023

Despite the fact the Laplace transform has an appreciable efficiency in solving many equations, it cannot be employed to nonlinear equations of any type. This paper presents a modern technique for employing the Laplace transform LT in solving the nonlinear time-fractional reaction–diffusion model. The new approach is called the Laplace-residual power series method (L-RPSM), which imitates the residual power series method in determining the coefficients of the series solution. The proposed method is also adapted to find an approximate series solution that converges to the exact solution of the nonlinear time-fractional reaction–diffusion equations. In addition, the method has been applied to many examples, and the findings are found to be impressive. Further, the results indicate that the L-RPSM is effective, fast, and easy to reach the exact solution of the equations. Furthermore, several actual and approximate solutions are graphically represented to demonstrate the efficiency and accuracy of the proposed method.
On the Bilinear Second Order Differential Realization of an Infinite-Dimensional Dynamical System: An Approach Based on Extensions to M2-Operators
Authors: Rusanov V. A. , Lakeyev A. V. , Banshchikov A. V. , Daneev A. V.
Published: April 2023

Considering the case of a continual bundle of controlled dynamic processes, the authors have studied the functional-geometric conditions of existence of non-stationary coefficients-operators from the differential realization of this bundle in the class of non-autonomous bilinear second-order differential equations in the separable Hilbert space. The problem under scrutiny belongs to the type of non-stationary coefficient-operator inverse problems for the bilinear evolution equations in the Hilbert space. The solution is constructed on the basis of usage of the functional Relay-Ritz operator. Under this mathematical problem statement, the case has been studied in detail when the operators to be modeled are burdened with the condition, which provides for entire continuity of the integral representation equations of the model of realization. Proposed is the entropy interpretation of the given problem of mathematical modeling of continual bundle dynamic processes in the context of development of the qualitative theory of differential realization of nonlinear state equations of complex infinite-dimensional behavioristic dynamical system.
Recent Advances in Hydrogel-Based Phototherapy for Tumor Treatment
Authors: Gan Shuaiqi , Wu Yongzhi , Zhang Xu , Zheng Zheng , Zhang Min , Long Li , Liao Jinfeng , Chen Wenchuan
Published: April 2023

Phototherapeutic agent-based phototherapies activated by light have proven to be safe modalities for the treatment of various malignant tumor indications. The two main modalities of phototherapies include photothermal therapy, which causes localized thermal damage to target lesions, and photodynamic therapy, which causes localized chemical damage by generated reactive oxygen species (ROS). Conventional phototherapies suffer a major shortcoming in their clinical application due to their phototoxicity, which primarily arises from the uncontrolled distribution of phototherapeutic agents in vivo. For successful antitumor phototherapy, it is essential to ensure the generation of heat or ROS specifically occurs at the tumor site. To minimize the reverse side effects of phototherapy while improving its therapeutic performance, extensive research has focused on developing hydrogel-based phototherapy for tumor treatment. The utilization of hydrogels as drug carriers allows for the sustained delivery of phototherapeutic agents to tumor sites, thereby limiting their adverse effects. Herein, we summarize the recent advancements in the design of hydrogels for antitumor phototherapy, offer a comprehensive overview of the latest advances in hydrogel-based phototherapy and its combination with other therapeutic modalities for tumor treatment, and discuss the current clinical status of hydrogel-based antitumor phototherapy.
Synergistic Antimicrobial Activity of Magnetite and Vancomycin-Loaded Mesoporous Silica Embedded in Alginate Films
Authors: Dolete Georgiana , Ilie Cornelia-Ioana , Chircov Cristina , Purcăreanu Bogdan , Motelica Ludmila , Moroșan Alina , Oprea Ovidiu Cristian , Ficai Denisa , Andronescu Ecaterina , Dițu Lia-Mara
Published: April 2023

The aim of the present study was to obtain a hydrogel-based film as a carrier for the sustained and controlled release of vancomycin, an antibiotic commonly used in various types of infections. Considering the high-water solubility of vancomycin (>50 mg/mL) and the aqueous medium underlying the exudates, a prolonged release of vancomycin from an MCM-41 carrier was sought. The present work focused on the synthesis of malic acid coated magnetite (Fe3O4/malic) by co-precipitation, synthesis of MCM-41 by a sol-gel method and loading of MCM-41 with vancomycin, and their use in alginate films for wound dressing. The nanoparticles obtained were physically mixed and embedded in the alginate gel. Prior to incorporation, the nanoparticles were characterized by XRD, FT-IR and FT-Raman spectroscopy, TGA-DSC and DLS. The films were prepared by a simple casting method and were further cross-linked and examined for possible heterogeneities by means of FT-IR microscopy and SEM. The degree of swelling and the water vapor transmission rate were determined, considering their potential use as wound dressings. The obtained films show morpho-structural homogeneity, sustained release over 48 h and a strong synergistic enhancement of the antimicrobial activity as a consequence of the hybrid nature of these films. The antimicrobial efficacy was tested against S. aureus, two strains of E. faecalis (including vancomycin-resistant Enterococcus, VRE) and C. albicans. The incorporation of magnetite was also considered as an external triggering component in case the films were used as a magneto-responsive smart dressing to stimulate vancomycin diffusion.
Ocean–Ice Sheet Coupling in the Totten Glacier Area, East Antarctica: Analysis of the Feedbacks and Their Response to a Sudden Ocean Warming
Authors: Van Achter Guillian , Fichefet Thierry , Goosse Hugues , Pelletier Charles , Haubner Konstanze , Pattyn Frank
Published: April 2023

We coupled together high-resolution versions of the ocean–sea ice model NEMO and the ice sheet model BISICLES configured to the Totten Glacier area and ran a series of simulations over the recent past (1995–2014) and under warming conditions (2081–2100; SSP4-4.5) with NEMO in stand-alone mode and with the coupled model to assess the effects of the coupling. During the recent past, the ocean–ice sheet coupling has increased the time-averaged value of the basal melt rate in both the Totten and Moscow University ice shelf cavities by 6.7% and 14.2%, respectively. The relationship between the changes in ice shelf thickness and ice shelf basal melt rate suggests that the effect of the coupling is not a linear response to the melt rate but rather a more complex response, driven partly by the dynamical component of the ice sheet model. The response of the ice sheet–ocean coupling due to the ocean warming is a 10% and 3% basal melt rate decrease in the Totten and Moscow University ice shelf cavities, respectively. This indicates that the ocean–ice sheet coupling under climate warming conditions dampens the basal melt rates. Our study highlights the importance of incorporating ocean–ice sheet coupling in climate simulations, even over short time periods.
Utilizing Extracorporeal Shockwave Therapy for in-Season Athletes
Authors: Rhim Hye Chang , Borg-Stein Joanne , Sampson Steven , Tenforde Adam S.
Published: April 2023

An athlete’s health and availability to train and compete at an optimal performance level is a growing focus for professional sports organizations [...]
Workplace Predictors of Violence against Nurses Using Machine Learning Techniques: A Cross-Sectional Study Utilizing the National Standard of Psychological Workplace Health and Safety
Authors: Havaei Farinaz , Adhami Nassim , Tang Xuyan , Boamah Sheila A. , Kaulius Megan , Gubskaya Emili , O’Donnell Kenton
Published: April 2023

Background: Nurses experience an alarming rate of violence in the workplace. While previous work has indicated that working conditions play an important role in workplace violence outcomes, these studies have not used comprehensive and systematically operationalized variables. Methods: Through cross-sectional survey responses from 4066 British Columbian nurses, we identified which of the 13 psychosocial factors, as outlined in the National Standard of Psychological Workplace Health and Safety, are most predictive of workplace violence perpetrated against nurses by patients and their visitors (Type II violence) and organizational employees (Type III violence). Results: Eighty-seven percent of respondents indicated that they had experienced Type II violence, whereas 48% indicated they had experienced Type III violence over the last year. Lack of physical safety, workload management, and psychological protection were the top three psychosocial factors in the workplace predictive of Type II violence, whereas lack of civility and respect, organizational culture, and psychological support were the top three factors associated with Type III violence. Conclusions: The findings in this study shed light on the distinct psychosocial factors in the workplace in need of investment and intervention to address Type II and III violence.
Risk Perception of Traffic Accidents Due to Alcohol and Marijuana Use in Mexican College Students
Authors: Jiménez Alberto , Brands Bruna , Mann Robert , Saldivar Gabriela , Juárez-Loya Angélica , Garbus Pamela , González-Forteza Catalina
Published: April 2023

Driving under the influence (DUI) of alcohol and other drugs is a common occurrence in Western societies. Alcohol consumption is related to 15% of fatal injuries in traffic accidents worldwide, with those DUI of alcohol being up to 18 times more likely to be involved in a fatal accident. Evidence for DUI of alcohol or marijuana among the college population in Mexico is scarce. This research estimates the proportion of use of alcohol and marijuana, describes the risk perception of DUI, and evaluates the relationship between risk perception and DUI behaviors in a sample of Mexican college students aged 18 to 29. The study was cross-sectional with a non-probabilistic sample. Risk perception of suffering traffic accidents when DUI or riding with someone DUI of alcohol, marijuana, or both, was high, unlike the risk perception of being detected or sanctioned for a DUI of marijuana. The study provided valuable information on the risk perception of engaging in behaviors related to DUI of alcohol and/or marijuana. It is necessary to undertake research on the subject with probabilistic and representative samples of this population of Mexico.
Change in Growth Status and Obesity Rates among Saudi Children and Adolescents Is Partially Attributed to Discrepancies in Definitions Used: A Review of Anthropometric Measurements
Authors: Noorwali Essra A. , Aljaadi Abeer M. , Al-Otaibi Hala H.
Published: April 2023

Anthropometric measurements are the first step in determining the health status in children and adolescents. Clinicians require standardized protocols for proper assessment and interpretation. Therefore, this study aims to review the literature of international and Saudi national guidelines and studies previously conducted in Saudi children and adolescents to provide recommendations to establish Saudi guidelines in line with the Saudi 2030 Vision. Systematic search was conducted in several databases: Medline, PubMed, Saudi Digital Library and Google Scholar from January 1990 to January 2021. Further, 167 studies measured anthropometrics in Saudi children/adolescents; 33 of these studies contributed to the establishment/adjustment of Saudi growth charts or specific cutoffs or studied the trend of growth in representative samples or adjusted the international curves to be used in Saudis. This review warrants updating growth charts and establishing the standard cutoffs of Saudi adolescent anthropometrics to avoid over/underreporting. This review provides insights and recommendations regarding the resources that can be used to establish national guidelines in anthropometric measurements for Saudi children/adolescents. This review will help policymakers and the Ministry of Health to establish standardized protocols to be used in Saudi Arabia for anthropometric measurements that may assist in detecting malnutrition.
A Recent Prevalence of Hepatitis B Virus (HBV) Genotypes and Subtypes in Asia: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis
Authors: Bello Kizito Eneye , Mat Jusoh Tuan Nur Akmalina , Irekeola Ahmad Adebayo , Abu Norhidayah , Mohd Amin Nur Amalin Zahirah , Mustaffa Nazri , Shueb Rafidah Hanim
Published: April 2023

Background and Aim: Despite introducing the hepatitis B virus (HBV) vaccine, the incidence of the Hepatitis B virus globally is still a major health concern. This systematic review and meta-analysis were conducted to provide detailed information on the prevalence of HBV genotypes and subtypes in circulation in Asia. Methods: A systematic search for articles describing the prevalence of HBV genotypes and subtypes in Asia was conducted following the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-analysis (PRISMA) guidelines. Results: Our search returned 207 eligible articles involving 49,279 genotypes and 7457 subtypes representing 28 Asian countries. A meta-analysis was performed on our eligible studies using the Random effect Model. The pooled prevalence of HBV genotypes showed that genotype C (30.9%) (95% CI, 27.5–34.5%; I2 = 97.57%; p < 0.001) was the most common HBV genotype in Asia, followed by genotype B (17.8%) (95% CI, 15.5–20.4%; I2 = 97.26%; p < 0.001) and genotype D (15.4%) (95% CI, 11.8–19.8%). Vietnam had the highest prevalence of genotype B, Lebanon had the highest prevalence of genotypes C, and Jordan had the highest prevalence of genotype D. There was variation in genotypic prevalence with respect to the target genes for HBV genotyping. Reverse dot blot hybridization had the highest estimate of genotypes B and C. HBV subtype C2 (40.0%) (95% CI, 33.3–47.0) is the most prevalent HBV subtype. Conclusion: Evidence from this study reveals that HBV genotypes C and B are the most dominant HBV genotypes in Asia, and HBV subtype C2 is more endemic in Asia.
Oral Health Status in a Group of Roma Children in Seville, Spain
Authors: García-Barata Ana Raquel , Ventura Irene , Ribas-Pérez David , Flores-Fraile Javier , Castaño-Séiquer Antonio
Published: April 2023

The Spanish gypsy community is widely integrated among the rest of the Spanish population due to a coexistence that dates back centuries. Despite this integration, they are at risk of marginalization, the child population clearly being a vulnerable group. In terms of social and health inequalities, ethnic minorities in general, and the gipsy minority in particular, in many cases do not achieve equity with the rest of the population. Regarding health in general and, more specifically, oral health, this fact can be perceived, although it has not been evidenced by any epidemiological study of oral health in the Andalusia region. Objective: Identify the oral health status through an epidemiological survey of the population of gipsy children in the city of Seville. Methods: The WHO (World Health Organization) criteria for oral health surveys were used in the study with children aged 6 to 13 years carried out in two Seville schools located in neighborhoods with a high percentage of gypsy population (Polígono Norte and Sur of the city of Seville). Results: The final sample consisted of 108 children in whom the DMF (decay-missing-filled index) for primary dentition was 5.0 + −3.1 for the 6–9 year-old age group and the DMFT (Decayed, Missing, and Filled Teeth) for the 10–13 year-old group was 4.5 + −3.3. The frequency of brushing was low, with a significant percentage of children not brushing their teeth (42.3%). The striking feature is that 26.9% of children had never visited the dentist despite their basic dental care being covered by the regional government. Conclusions: The children studied present high levels of caries compared to the rest of the Spanish population, as well as very low levels of oral hygiene. Given the lack of success of existing oral health programmes among this population, a different intervention is needed, taking into account the idiosyncrasies of the gipsy community.
Effects of Digital Learning and Virtual Reality in Port-A Catheter Training Course for Oncology Nurses: A Mixed-Methods Study
Authors: Shih Shu-Feng , Hsu Li-Ling , Hsieh Suh-Ing
Published: April 2023

In-service education for oncology nurses usually adopts didactic teaching. This study investigated the effects of virtual reality (VR) and a digital learning-based Port-A-catheter educational course for oncology nurses. A mixed-methods research design was employed, with a convenience sample of 43 nurses from a regional teaching hospital in Taiwan participating. Measurements were taken at three time points: pre-test, 1st post-test, and 2nd post-test. The data was analyzed using descriptive statistics and repeated ANOVA tests. Results showed significant improvement in Port-A-catheter knowledge and skill levels (p < 0.0001) and high learning attitude and satisfaction scores of 4.29 ± 0.46 and 4.31 ± 0.58 points, respectively. Five qualitative themes emerged, highlighting the realistic VR scenarios, VR practice’s usefulness, willingness to learn with VR, VR system limitations, and the potential for future courses. The study concluded that a VR-based educational course effectively enhanced nurses’ knowledge, skills, learning attitude, and satisfaction, recommending the inclusion of diverse clinical scenarios for practical learning.
Risk of Thrombosis during and after a SARS-CoV-2 Infection: Pathogenesis, Diagnostic Approach, and Management
Authors: Sutanto Henry , Soegiarto Gatot
Published: April 2023

Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) increases the risk of thromboembolic events, especially in patients with severe infections requiring intensive care and cardiorespiratory support. COVID-19 patients with thromboembolic complications have a higher risk of death, and if they survive, these complications are expected to negatively affect these patients’ quality of life. Moreover, recent data reported that the risk of thromboembolism remains high months after a COVID-19 infection. Therefore, understanding the pathogenesis of thrombosis in the setting of COVID-19 may facilitate the early prevention and treatment of COVID-19-associated thromboembolism to reduce concomitant morbidity, mortality, and disability. This review will first discuss the clinical characteristics of COVID-19 infections, particularly with regard to the underlying pathophysiology. Then, the pathogenesis of COVID-19-associated thrombosis at the molecular and cellular levels will be comprehensively reviewed. Next, the clinical manifestations of venous and arterial thromboembolism in COVID-19 as well as the potential benefits of several laboratory markers of thrombosis will be further discussed. Lastly, the preventive and therapeutic management of thromboembolism during and after COVID-19 will also be explained.
Spinal Pain, Chronic Health Conditions and Health Behaviors: Data from the 2016–2018 National Health Interview Survey
Authors: de Luca Katie , Tavares Patricia , Yang Haiou , Hurwitz Eric L. , Green Bart N. , Dale Hannah , Haldeman Scott
Published: April 2023

Spinal pain and chronic health conditions are highly prevalent, burdensome, and costly conditions, both in the United States and globally. Using cross-sectional data from the 2016 through 2018 National Health Interview Survey (n = 26,926), we explored associations between spinal pain and chronic health conditions and investigated the influence that a set of confounders may have on the associations between spinal pain and chronic health conditions. Variance estimation method was used to compute weighted descriptive statistics and measures of associations with multinomial logistic regression models. All four chronic health conditions significantly increased the prevalence odds of spinal pain; cardiovascular conditions by 58%, hypertension by 40%, diabetes by 25% and obesity by 34%, controlling for all the confounders. For all chronic health conditions, tobacco use (45–50%), being insufficiently active (17–20%), sleep problems (180–184%), cognitive impairment (90–100%), and mental health conditions (68–80%) significantly increased the prevalence odds of spinal pain compared to cases without spinal pain. These findings provide evidence to support research on the prevention and treatment of non-musculoskeletal conditions with approaches of spinal pain management.
Cognitive Decline in Early and Premature Menopause
Authors: Sochocka Marta , Karska Julia , Pszczołowska Magdalena , Ochnik Michał , Fułek Michał , Fułek Katarzyna , Kurpas Donata , Chojdak-Łukasiewicz Justyna , Rosner-Tenerowicz Anna , Leszek Jerzy
Published: April 2023

Early and premature menopause, or premature ovarian insufficiency (POI), affects 1% of women under the age of 40 years. This paper reviews the main aspects of early and premature menopause and their impact on cognitive decline. Based on the literature, cognitive complaints are more common near menopause: a phase marked by a decrease in hormone levels, especially estrogen. A premature reduction in estrogen puts women at a higher risk for cardiovascular disease, parkinsonism, depression, osteoporosis, hypertension, weight gain, midlife diabetes, as well as cognitive disorders and dementia, such as Alzheimer’s disease (AD). Experimental and epidemiological studies suggest that female sex hormones have long-lasting neuroprotective and anti-aging properties. Estrogens seem to prevent cognitive disorders arising from a cholinergic deficit in women and female animals in middle age premature menopause that affects the central nervous system (CNS) directly and indirectly, both transiently and in the long term, leads to cognitive impairment or even dementia, mainly due to the decrease in estrogen levels and comorbidity with cardiovascular risk factors, autoimmune diseases, and aging. Menopausal hormone therapy from menopause to the age of 60 years may provide a “window of opportunity” to reduce the risk of mild cognitive impairment (MCI) and AD in later life. Women with earlier menopause should be taken care of by various specialists such as gynecologists, endocrinologists, neurologists, and psychiatrists in order to maintain their mental health at the highest possible level.
Polymorphism of Butyl Ester of Oleanolic Acid—The Dominance of Dispersive Interactions over Electrostatic
Authors: Langer Dominik , Wicher Barbara , Dutkiewicz Zbigniew , Bendzinska-Berus Wioletta , Bednarczyk-Cwynar Barbara , Tykarska Ewa
Published: April 2023

Oleanolic (OA) and glycyrrhetinic acids (GE), as well as their derivatives, show a variety of pharmacological properties. Their crystal structures provide valuable information related to the assembly modes of these biologically active compounds. In the known-to-date crystals of OA esters, their 11-oxo derivatives, and GE ester crystals, triterpenes associate, forming different types of ribbons and layers whose construction is based mainly on van der Waals forces and weak C-H···O interactions. New crystal structures of 11-oxo OA methyl ester and the polymorph of OA butyl ester reveal an alternative aggregation mode. Supramolecular architectures consist of helical chains which are stabilized by hydrogen bonds of O-H···O type. It was found that two polymorphic forms of butyl OA ester (layered and helical) are related monotropically. In a structure of metastable form, O-H···O hydrogen bonds occur, while the thermodynamically preferred phase is governed mainly by van der Waals interactions. The intermolecular interaction energies calculated using CrystalExplorer, PIXEL, and Psi4 programs showed that even in motifs formed through O-H···O hydrogen bonds, the dispersive forces have a significant impact.
Diet as a Source of Acrolein: Molecular Basis of Aldehyde Biological Activity in Diabetes and Digestive System Diseases
Authors: Hikisz Pawel , Jacenik Damian
Published: April 2023

Acrolein, a highly reactive α,β-unsaturated aldehyde, is a compound involved in the pathogenesis of many diseases, including neurodegenerative diseases, cardiovascular and respiratory diseases, diabetes mellitus, and the development of cancers of various origins. In addition to environmental pollution (e.g., from car exhaust fumes) and tobacco smoke, a serious source of acrolein is our daily diet and improper thermal processing of animal and vegetable fats, carbohydrates, and amino acids. Dietary intake is one of the main routes of human exposure to acrolein, which is a major public health concern. This review focuses on the molecular mechanisms of acrolein activity in the context of its involvement in the pathogenesis of diseases related to the digestive system, including diabetes, alcoholic liver disease, and intestinal cancer.