bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Some hydrozoans (Cnidaria) from Central Chile and the Strait of Magellan
Authors: GALEA HORIA R. , SCHORIES DIRK
Published: March 2019

This report supplements a series of earlier accounts on the hydrozoan fauna of Chile, and discusses 34 species of hydroidsand one hydromedusa. The available collection was gathered from three distinct biogeographical regions: the southernborder of the Peruvian Province around Punta de Choros, the southern Intermediate Zone around Corral, and the northernand southern parts of the Magellan Province, around Reloncaví Sound and in the Strait of Magellan, respectively. All thespecies are fully illustrated and, when necessary, data on the cnidome composition are provided. Six species, Haleciumannuliforme, Sertularella curvitheca, Sertularella mixta, Symplectoscyphus patagonicus, Halopteris plumosa, and Clytiareloncavia, are described as new. The gonothecae of Halecium fjordlandicum Galea, 2007, Symplectoscyphusmagellanicus (Marktanner-Turneretscher, 1890), and Campanularia hartlaubi (El Beshbeeshy, 2011) are described for thefirst time, while those of Kirchenpaueria curvata (Jäderholm, 1904) were rediscovered and are accurately redescribed.Morphological differences between C. hartlaubi and C. lennoxensis (Jäderholm, 1903), two species with similartrophosomes, are highlighted. Large, fertile specimens of Halecium pallens Jäderholm, 1904, as well as a female colonyof Hydractinia parvispina Hartlaub, 1905, allowed new redescriptions to be made. Due to insufficient taxonomicinformation on several species created more than a century ago, two Chilean records are doubtfully assigned toSertularella implexa (Allman, 1888) and Sertularella lagena Allman, 1876, respectively, the former represented by fertilespecimens, and thus allowing the first description of its gonothecae. The long history of the confused taxonomy of SouthAmerican "Symplectoscyphus subdichotomus (Kirchenpauer, 1884)" is now entirely settled. All the available records areconfidently assigned to the synonymy of Symplectoscyphus filiformis (Allman, 1888), whose sexual dimorphism ofgonothecae, first indicated by Totton (1930), is confirmed in light of the present material. Five species represent newrecords for the country: Staurocladia vallentini (Browne, 1902), Samuraia tabularasa Mangin, 1991, H. pallens,Sertularella blanconae El Beshbeeshy, 2011, and Symplectoscyphus paraglacialis El Beshbeeshy, 2011, the latter twobeing redescribed. Due to the scarcity of available material and the lack of gonophores of both sexes, six species ofEudendrium Ehrenberg, 1834 could be identified to genus only. Similarly, a species of Sertularella Gray, 1848 and twobelonging to Symplectoscyphus Marktanner-Turneretscher, 1890, are awaiting reliable identifications based on fertile specimens. A species of Clytia Lamouroux, 1812 could not be determined to species in the absence of life cycle studies.
Three new false spider mites of the genus Pseudoleptus Bruyant (Acari: Tenuipalpidae) from Iran
Authors: KHANJANI MASOUMEH , KHANJANI MOHAMMAD , SABOORI ALIREZA , SEEMAN OWEN D.
Published: March 2019

Three new species of Pseudoleptus are described from Iran: P. hamedaniensis sp. nov. from Bromus tectorum (Poaceae),P. iranensis sp. nov. from Bromus danthoniae (Poaceae), and P. kermanshahiensis sp. nov. from Alopecurus myosuroides(Poaceae). The genus Pseudoleptus is rediagnosed and its relationship with the Aegyptobia macswaini species group discussed. A key to all known species of this genus is given.
Two new species of Syneches belonging to S. signatus species-group from Vietnam (Diptera: Empidoidea, Hybotinae)
Authors: LIU XIAOYAN , ZHANG LILI , YANG DING
Published: March 2019

The following two species of Syneches from Vietnam belonging to the S. signatus species-group are described as new to sci-ence: Syneches apicalis sp. nov. and S. basalis sp. nov. A key to the known species of this group from Vietnam and China is presented.
First record of the littoral genus Alismobates (Acari: Oribatida) from the Atlantic ocean, with a redefinition of the family Fortuyniidae based on adult and juvenile morphology
Authors: PFINGSTL TOBIAS , SCHUSTER REINHART
Published: March 2019

Alismobates inexpectatus sp.n., found on rocky shores of the archipelago of Bermuda is described from larva to adult. Addi-tionally a detailed description of the immatures of Fortuynia atlantica, also known from Bermuda, is given. Based on adult andjuvenile morphology the position of the genus Alismobates within the family of Fortuyniidae is clearly confirmed. Furthermorethe definition of the family Fortuyniidae is revised and the classification of its members is discussed. The Fortuyniidae are bestcharacterized by the presence of a “van der Hammen’s Organ”, whereas the configuration of cuticular channels differs remark-ably between the genera Fortuynia and Alismobates. The juveniles of A. inexpectatus and F. atlantica Krisper et Schuster, 2008exhibit conformity in most aspects, whereas porose areas associated with notogastral setae and singular pores in the lateral andposterior ventral folds leading into fine tracheal tubes are documented for the first time in fortuyniid immatures. These poresare part of a complex plastron system expressed in immatures to withstand tidal inundation. The present discovery of Alismo-bates inexpectatus is the first record of a member of this genus from Atlantic coasts and therefore represents a considerable extension of the geographic distribution of this taxon.
The genus Cultroribula (Acari: Oribatida: Astegistidae) in Mongolia, with new findings from Altai Mountains and remarks on known species of the world
Authors: BAYARTOGTOKH BADAMDORJ
Published: March 2019

The oribatid mite genus Cultroribula Berlese, 1908 is represented in Mongolia with six species. Most species of Cultroribulafound in Mongolia are inhabitants of litter of various types of forests, soils of steppes and the high mountain alpine zone, butare also commonly found in lichens growing on trees or bare rock and terricolous bryophytes. In this work, two species, Cul-troribula altaica sp. nov. and Cultroribula rarisetosa sp. nov., are described as new to science based on adults collected fromlitter of cool temperate forests and lichens growing on bare rock, respectively, in western Mongolia. In addition, two knownspecies, Cultroribula berolina Weigmann, 2006 and Cultroribula vtorovi Krivolutsky, 1971 are redescribed. Cultroribula bero-lina is recorded for the first time for the fauna of Asia. Species descriptions are accompanied with detailed illustrations. Data ongeographical distribution and habitat ecology are given for all known species in the world. Issues concerning the taxonomic sta-tus of some genera of Astegistidae and species of Cultroribula are discussed. The subgenus Furcoppia (Mexicoppia) is consid-ered as a junior synonym of Cultroribula. The new combination, Cultroribula hauseri (Mahunka, 1983) for Furcoppia(Mexicoppia) hauseri Mahunka, 1983 is proposed. Furthermore, a key is provided for the identification of adults of the known species of Cultroribula in Mongolia.
Species composition and geographic distribution of Fuegian Curculionidae (Coleoptera: Curculionoidea)
Authors: POSADAS PAULA
Published: March 2019

The objective of this paper is to provide an integrative approach to taxonomic composition and distributional informationon the weevil fauna (Coleoptera: Curculionoidea) of the Tierra del Fuego archipelago. A total of 39 species belonging to17 Curculionidae genera are recorded for the archipelago. Most of these belong to two subfamilies: Entiminae (13 speciesin four genera) and Cyclominae (23 species in 11 genera). Caneorhinus gravidus (Burmeister) is here established as a newjunior synonym of Caneorhinus lineatus (Blanchard). The Fuegian weevil fauna is considered to represent an impover-ished condition in comparison to that from continental southern South America. The Tierra del Fuego archipelago has noendemic genera of Curculionidae and only three species seem to be endemic to it (Antarctobius rugirostris Champion,Cylydrorhinus lateralis [Berg], and Cylydrorhinus fulvipes [Guérin-Méneville]). However, these three species have scarcerecords and more information is required to confirm their status as Fuegian endemics. No species present in Tierra delFuego extend their distribution beyond the Andean subregion. The Fuegian weevil fauna exhibits a great linkages to thatfrom continental southernmost South America. Synonymic lists and distributional maps are provided for each speciesknown to occur on the islands. Identification keys and photographs of weevil taxa recorded for Tierra del Fuego are also presented.
Adenopygus: a new genus and two new species of Luzarinae cricket of Brazilian Atlantic Forest (Orthoptera: Grylloidea)
Authors: BOLFARINI MARCIO P. , DE  A. G. DE MELLO FRANCISCO
Published: March 2019

The aim of the present work is to describe Adenopygus, a new genus with two species of luzarine phalangopsid crickets from the Atlantic Forest on the Mantiqueira fault escarpment of southeastern Brazil.
Thandarum hernandezi, a new genus and new species of sea cucumber family Sclerodactylidae (Echinodermata: Holothuroidea: Dendrochirotida) from the Southwestern Atlantic Ocean
Authors: MARTINEZ MARIANO I. , BROGGER MARTÍN I.
Published: March 2019

A new genus and a new species of dendrochirotid, Thandarum hernandezi gen. et sp. nov., is described from Buenos Airescoast in the Southwestern Atlantic. For this species is quite significant the body U shape, up to 14.08 mm (along thetrivium), with double row of podia restricted to the ambulacra. Other features are ossicles from body wall with buttonsand 4 pillar tables, tube feet with rods and end plate star-shaped; the introvert with rosettes and tentacles with rods. Thesecharacteristics require the recognition of a new genus, and the new species and represents the first sclerodactylid reported in Argentinean waters.
Siccia imana, a new species from Rwanda (Lepidoptera: Erebidae: Arctiinae)
Authors: VOLYNKIN ANTON V.
Published: March 2019

The genus Siccia Walker, 1854 is a member of the subtribe Cisthenina Bendib & Minet of the tribe Lithosiini Billberg (family Erebidae Leach, subfamily Arctiinae Leach) being widely distributed in the Afrotropics. Members of the genus are small or medium-sized moths with similar external appearance (whitish or grey wing coloration with blackish pattern consisting of spots and transverse lines). The check-list of the genus was provided by Kühne (2007), two additional species were described by Ivinskis & Saldaitis (2008). Currently the genus includes 20 valid species with very different male and female genitalia structures, and the generic and subgeneric structure of this group needs revision (Volynkin & László, in prep.).
Polypedilum (Cerobregma) heberti sp. n. (Diptera: Chironomidae) from Gaoligong Mountains, Yunnan, China
Authors: LIN XIAO-LONG , YU HAI-JUN , ZHANG RUI-LEI , WANG XIN-HUA
Published: March 2019

DNA barcodes and morphology recognize a new non-biting midge within the genus Polypedilum (Diptera: Chironomidae). Polypedilum (Cerobregma) heberti Lin et Wang sp. n. is described and illustrated based on an adult male from Gaoligong Mountains, Yunnan, China. Key to adult males of the subgenus Cerobregma is given.
Predictive Statistical Representations of Observed and Simulated Rainfall Using Generalized Linear Models
Authors: Yang Junho , Jun Mikyoung , Schumacher Courtney , Saravanan R.
Published: March 2019

This study explores the feasibility of predicting subdaily variations and the climatological spatial patterns of rain in the tropical Pacific from atmospheric profiles using a set of generalized linear models: logistic regression for rain occurrence and gamma regression for rain amount. The prediction is separated into different rain types from TRMM satellite radar observations (stratiform, deep convective, and shallow convective) and CAM5 simulations (large-scale and convective). Environmental variables from MERRA-2 and CAM5 are used as predictors for TRMM and CAM5 rainfall, respectively. The statistical models are trained using environmental fields at 0000 UTC and rainfall from 0000 to 0600 UTC during 2003. The results are used to predict 2004 rain occurrence and rate for MERRA-2/TRMM and CAM5 separately. The first EOF profile of humidity and the second EOF profile of temperature contribute most to the prediction for both statistical models in each case. The logistic regression generally performs well for all rain types, but does better in the east Pacific compared to the west Pacific. The gamma regression produces reasonable geographical rain amount distributions but rain rate probability distributions are not predicted as well, suggesting the need for a different, higher-order model to predict rain rates. The results of this study suggest that statistical models applied to TRMM radar observations and MERRA-2 environmental parameters can predict the spatial patterns and amplitudes of tropical rainfall in the time-averaged sense. Comparing the observationally trained models to models that are trained using CAM5 simulations points to possible deficiencies in the convection parameterization used in CAM5.
Evaluation of Evapotranspiration over a Semiarid Region Using Multiresolution Data Sources
Authors: Jamshidi Sajad , Zand-parsa Shahrokh , Pakparvar Mojtaba , Niyogi Dev
Published: March 2019

Evapotranspiration (ET) estimation is important for water management decision tools. In this study, different ET data with varying resolution, accuracy, and functionality were reviewed over a semiarid, data-sparse region in southern Iran. Study results showed that the widely used reanalysis and Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS) datasets have relatively high uncertainty and underestimated ET over the sparse heterogeneous landscape. On the other hand, fine-resolution ET datasets using Landsat imagery with Mapping Evapotranspiration at High Resolution with Internalized Calibration (METRIC) and Surface Energy Balance System (SEBS) algorithms, yielded high accuracy. Evaluation of METRIC and SEBS models in estimating seasonal crop water use showed a mean absolute error of 5% and 13%, respectively. The Satellite Application Facility on Climate Monitoring (CMSAF) data were used as radiation input to the models and were found to be a representative data source with daily average RMSE of 70 W m−2. An average crop coefficient Kc was estimated for the region and was obtained as 0.77. The study proposes and applies a hybrid framework that uses reference ET from simple diagnostic models (such as the REF-ET tool) and calculates actual ET by using the satellite-derived regionally and locally representative Kc values. The ET estimates generated with the framework were regionally representative and required low computational resources. The study findings have the potential to provide practical guidance to local farmers and water managers to generate useful and usable decision-making tools, especially for ET assessments in the study region and other data-sparse areas.
Quadratic Phase Coding for High Duty Cycle Radar Operation
Authors: Mead James B. , Pazmany Andrew L.
Published: March 2019

Quadratically varying phase codes applied from pulse to pulse can be used to impart a range-dependent frequency shift in the decoded signal of a pulsed radar. Radars employing such codes can operate at extremely high pulse repetition frequencies (PRFs) with overlaid signals from multiple echo trips separated in the spectral domain. When operating at high PRFs, the radar duty cycle can approach 50% in a single-antenna system. High duty cycle operation results in a substantial increase in average transmit power with a proportional increase in signal processing gain as compared to a conventional pulsed radar. The shortest quadratic phase code, or base code, has a length equal to the number of echo trips M that can be unambiguously resolved in the spectral domain. The decoded waveform is essentially free from range sidelobes under ideal conditions. However, amplitude and phase errors associated with nonideal phase coding result in range sidelobes that appear at all echo trips in the decoded signal. These sidelobes can be suppressed by using a composite phase code composed of a periodically repeating base phase code added to a much longer quadratic code with a proportionally slower phase variation. Meteorological data gathered with a Ka-band radar operating at 3.0-MHz PRF at 45% duty cycle are presented. A comparison of these data with data gathered in short-pulse mode at a duty cycle of 0.3% exhibited a 21-dB improvement in the Doppler spectrum signal-to-noise ratio, equal to the ratio of the respective duty cycles.
Making Sense of the Cognitive Task of Medication Reconciliation Using a Card Sorting Task
Authors: Bitan Yuval , Parmet Yisrael , Greenfield Geva , Teng Shelly , Cook Richard I. , Nunnally Mark E.
Published: March 2019

Objective:

To explore cognitive strategies clinicians apply while performing a medication reconciliation task, handling incomplete and conflicting information.

Background:

Medication reconciliation is a method clinicians apply to find and resolve inconsistencies in patients’ medications and medical conditions lists. The cognitive strategies clinicians use during reconciliation are unclear. Controlled lab experiments can explore how clinicians make sense of uncertain, missing, or conflicting information and therefore support the development of a human performance model. We hypothesize that clinicians apply varied cognitive strategies to handle this task and that profession and experience affect these strategies.

Method:

130 clinicians participated in a tablet-based experiment conducted in a large American teaching hospital. They were asked to simulate medication reconciliation using a card sorting task (CaST) to organize medication and medical condition lists of a specific clinical case. Later on, they were presented with new information and were asked to add it to their arrangements. We quantitatively and qualitatively analyzed the ways clinicians arranged patient information.

Results:

Four distinct cognitive strategies were identified (“Conditions first”: n = 76 clinicians, “Medications first”: n = 7, “Crossover”: n = 17, and “Alternating”: n = 10). The strategy clinicians applied was affected by their experience ( p = .02) but not by their profession. At the appearance of new information, clinicians moved medication cards more frequently (75.2 movements vs. 49.6 movements, p < .001), suggesting that they match medications to medical conditions.

Conclusion:

Clinicians apply various cognitive strategies while reconciling medications and medical conditions.

Application:

Clinical information systems should support multiple cognitive strategies, allowing flexibility in organizing information.
Consequence of cenosphere loading on hygrothermal, thermal, and mechanical properties of epoxy syntactic foams
Authors: Kaur Mandip , Jayakumari LS
Published: March 2019

Epoxy syntactic foams with different compositions of cenosphere were fabricated and characterised. The effect of loading cenosphere in epoxy syntactic foams was analysed. Good thermal stability of cenosphere–epoxy syntactic foams was established from the thermogravimetric analysis results. The completion of cure reaction at ambient temperature conditions was ascertained from differential scanning calorimetry results. Dynamic mechanical analysis revealed 114°C as the glass transition temperatures ( Tg) for neat epoxy sample, which increased to 132°C with 50% loading of cenosphere. Cenosphere-filled epoxy syntactic foams had low density and low water absorption values when compared to the neat epoxy sample. Homogeneous distribution of the cenosphere particles was confirmed using scanning electron microscopy. The compression studies confirmed brittle failure of the syntactic foams. This was also supported by the scanning electron microscopic images. The incorporation of hollow cenosphere particles led to a decrease in the flexural strength. Syntactic foams with 30% loading of cenosphere exhibited best specific modulus and specific strength. The specific strength increased by 24% for T30 sample and specific modulus increased by 36% for T30 samples when compared to the neat epoxy sample. As the need for strong but lightweight thermally stable products is continually increasing, there is a great possibility for the utilisation of these cenosphere–epoxy syntactic foams as lightweight core for sandwich composites.
Exploring the relationship between holistic spirituality and gender essentialism among Swiss university students
Authors: Zemp Annika , Liebe Ulf
Published: March 2019

Do women and men with stronger spiritual beliefs, experiences, and practices tend toward more or less ambivalent sexism and self-stereotyping? To shed more light on this issue at the intersection of religion and gender, we will analyze a survey of 379 Swiss university students, both women and men, to establish whether a positive or negative relationship between holistic spirituality and gender essentialism is empirically more plausible. Our data show a gender gap: women express stronger spiritual beliefs and they report on more spiritual experiences and practices than men. We also find, inter alia, associations between religious orientation and holistic spirituality as well as spiritual beliefs and ambivalent sexism for both women and men; yet, stronger spiritual beliefs are correlated with less self-stereotyping for men but with more self-stereotyping for women. In sum, our results tend to support a positive relationship between holistic spiritualty and gender essentialism.
American Society of Anesthesiologists Class as Predictor for Perioperative Morbidity in Head and Neck Free Flaps
Authors: Small Luke T. , Lampkin Madison , Vural Emre , Moreno Mauricio A.
Published: March 2019

Objective

To evaluate outcomes of free flaps in low‐ versus high‐risk American Society of Anesthesiologists (ASA) classes utilizing a standardized perioperative clinical pathway.

Study Design

Case series with chart review.

Setting

Single tertiary care academic institution.

Subjects and Methods

Data were collected from 301 patients who underwent 305 free flap reconstructions for head and neck defects from January 2012 to March 2016 by a single surgeon (M.M.). A standardized perioperative clinical pathway was utilized for all patients, aimed at abbreviating hospital stay and minimizing intensive care unit stay. Data included ASA classification, comorbidities, length of hospitalization, intensive care unit stay, 30‐day mortality/readmission, discharge disposition, flap survival, and postoperative complications. Low‐risk ASA classes were defined as 1 and 2 (n = 53) and high risk as 3 and 4 (n = 248).

Results

Total medical complication rates (P =. 012) were mildly increased in the high‐risk group, as a result of increased minor—not major—medical complication rates (P =. 007). Discharge to a nursing or rehabilitation facility was found to be more common in the high‐risk group (P =. 024). All other outcomes were not statistically different between the cohorts.

Conclusion

The ASA classification system is a validated tool in determining perioperative risk. We found that minor medical complications and discharge to a rehabilitation/nursing facility were increased in the high‐risk ASA classes; otherwise, there were no statistical differences between the groups. These findings suggest that the ASA classification may be helpful for preoperative discharge planning and counseling but should not be used for patient selection or to assess candidacy for the procedure.
The Sternocleidomastoid Myocutaneous Flap: A Laryngeal Preservation Option for Total Hypopharyngoesophageal Stenosis
Authors: Paknezhad Hassan , Borchard Nicole A. , Lee Gordon K. , Damrose Edward J.
Published: March 2019

Complete hypopharyngoesophageal (HPE) stenosis is rare and a challenging condition to treat. When endoscopic therapy fails, total laryngectomy with or without pharyngeal reconstruction is usually performed. We present a retrospective case series involving 3 patients with complete HPE stenosis who failed endoscopic repair and were gastrostomy dependent. All were managed successfully with the sternocleidomastoid myocutaneous (SCM) flap. A temporary fistula occurred in 1 patient. Hospitalization ranged from 5 to 15 days, patients resumed oral intake from 21 to 82 days postoperatively, and their gastrostomy tubes were removed from 28 to 165 days postoperatively. We suggest that the SCM flap is a laryngeal preservation option for reconstruction of complete HPE stenosis when endoscopic techniques fail. This flap allows HPE repair and reconstruction within the same surgical field, imposes no significant donor site morbidity, and affords good functional and cosmetic outcomes.
Industry Involvement in Otolaryngology: Updates from the 2017 Open Payments Database
Authors: Morse Elliot , Berson Elisa , Mehra Saral
Published: March 2019

Objective

To characterize drug and device industry payments to otolaryngologists in 2017 and compare them with payments from 2014 to 2016.

Study Design

Retrospective cross‐sectional analysis.

Setting

2017 Open Payments Database.

Subjects and Methods

We identified otolaryngologists in the Open Payments Database receiving nonresearch industry payments in 2017. We determined the total number and value of payments and the mean and median payments per compensated otolaryngologist. We characterized payments by census region, nature of payment, and sponsor subspecialty.

Results

A total of 8131 otolaryngologists received 66,414 payments totaling to $11.2 million in industry compensation in 2017. This is decreased from $14.5 million in 2016. The mean and median payment per compensated otolaryngologist was $1383 ($10,459) and $159 ($64‐$420), respectively. Of the total compensation, 85% was received by the top 10th percentile of otolaryngologists. Speaking fees accounted for $3.1 million (28% of total payments), and food and beverage was the most common payment type (57,691 payments; 87%). Consulting fees decreased by $1 million from 2016 to 2017, and ownership interests decreased by $1.2 million from 2016 to 2017. The south had the highest total compensation value ($4.2 million), while the west had the highest mean payment value ($1561). Rhinology accounted for the highest proportion of payments of all otolaryngology subspecialties at $3.9 million (34%).

Conclusion

Industry payments to otolaryngologists decreased to $11.2 million in 2017 from $14.5 million in 2016. Much of the decrease can be attributed to decreases in consulting fees and ownership payments. It is important that otolaryngologists remain aware of changes in industry funding with each release of the Open Payments Database.
A Prospective Study of Outcomes of Septoplasty with Turbinate Reductions in Patients with Allergic Rhinitis
Authors: Gillman Grant S. , Staltari Giuseppe V. , Chang Yue‐Fang , Mattos Jose L.
Published: March 2019

Objective

Examine outcomes of septoplasty with turbinate reductions in patients with allergic rhinitis as compared to patients without allergic rhinitis using validated outcome and quality‐of‐life (QOL) instruments.

Study Design

Prospective observational cohort study.

Setting

Single surgeon, university hospital.

Subjects and Methods

Consecutive study‐eligible patients with a symptomatic nasal septal deviation, with (n = 30) or without (n = 30) documented allergic rhinitis, were enrolled from March 2014 to February 2017. All patients subsequently underwent nasal septoplasty and inferior turbinate reductions. Outcomes were studied using the Nasal Obstruction Symptom Evaluation (NOSE) scale, mini–Rhinoconjunctivitis Quality of Life Questionnaire (mini‐RQLQ), and Ease‐of‐Breathing (EOB) Likert scores completed preoperatively and, together with a patient satisfaction Likert, at 3 and 6 months postoperatively.

Results

NOSE scores, EOB scores, and mini‐RQLQ scores improved significantly in both groups at 3 and 6 months postoperatively. Results were sustained from 3 to 6 months. Although mini‐RQLQ scores in allergic patients were higher at all intervals, the magnitude of change in scores in both groups was comparable.

Conclusion

Although patients with allergic rhinitis report greater allergy‐related QOL impairment (mini‐RQLQ) on a day‐to‐day basis than nonallergic patients, this does not appear to attenuate the benefit they might experience from septoplasty and turbinate reductions when indicated for nasal obstruction. Furthermore, the symptomatic relief of their structural nasal obstruction appears to significantly improve their overall allergy‐related quality of life. If appropriate expectations are set pre‐operatively, allergic rhinitis is neither a contraindication nor a deterrent to septoplasty and turbinate reductions and these patients can reasonably expect a high degree of satisfaction post‐operatively.
Recurrent high-grade chondrosarcoma abutting the right ventricular outflow tract
Authors: Bansal Dhananjay , Gupta Anubhav , Bhattacharya Sameek , Kumar Sudesh , Gupta Vijay Kumar , Aiyer Palash
Published: March 2019

Chondrosarcoma is the most common malignancy of the sternum. Removal of the sternum for a malignant tumor results in large defects in bone and soft tissue, causing deformity and paradoxical chest wall movement, making subsequent repair of the thorax very important. Herein we report a rare case of recurrent anterior chest wall chondrosarcoma after surgery 4 years earlier. The patient underwent resection of the chondrosarcoma followed by three-layer chest wall reconstruction with a split rib graft for the bony defect. He had an uneventful postoperative course and was healthy at 9 months postoperatively.
Geography and the Anthropocene: Critical approaches needed
Authors: Knitter Daniel , Augustin Katja , Biniyaz Ehsan , Hamer Wolfgang , Kuhwald Michael , Schwanebeck Malte , Duttmann Rainer
Published: March 2019

“The Anthropocene” currently serves as a framework to acknowledge global human influences on the earth systems. Different prominent authors call for geographers and especially physical geographers to intensify their involvement in the discussions on the theme. A bibliometric analysis shows that geographers are already one of the leading contributors to the keyword Anthropocene in journal articles. While we generally support the standpoint of increased engagement with the topic, we want to emphasize that we need to do more than only attaching the “Anthropocene” label to our daily research practice. A critical engagement with and reflection of the research questions and contexts is needed to play a vital role as discussant in the debate. We should take advantage of the diverse themes, topics and viewpoints of our subject by actively following a more critical approach to our research practices in order to find those geographic ties that join us and our discipline and that enable us to contribute more substantially to the Anthropocene debate.
Living One’s Theories: Moral Consistency in the Life of Émile Durkheim
Authors: Abbott Andrew
Published: March 2019

This article investigates the relation between a theorist’s theories and his daily life practices, using Émile Durkheim as an example. That theory and practice should be consistent seems not only scientifically proper but also morally right. Yet the concept of consistency conceals several different standards: consistency with one’s own theoretical arguments, consistency with outsiders’ judgments of oneself, and consistency within one’s arguments (and actions) across time and social space. Analysis of 750 pages of Durkheim’s letters shows that Durkheim lived a life consistent with and informed by his theories for most of his career. In his professional relations, his personal relations, and his political positions, Durkheim’s moral activity usually proceeds from his theoretical commitments. However, the death of his son in combat could not be theorized within the Durkheimian system, and it broke up this long stable pattern. The analysis concludes that under modern conditions, the issue of moral consistency relates closely to the general problem of solidarity and invites more complex theorization.
Fabrication and experimental investigation of magnetic field assisted powder mixed electrical discharge machining on machining of aluminum 6061 alloy
Authors: Rouniyar Arun Kumar , Shandilya Pragya
Published: March 2019

Magnetic field assisted powder mixed electrical discharge machining is a hybrid machining process with suitable modification in electrical discharge machining combining the use of magnetic field and fine powder in the dielectric fluid. Aluminum 6061 alloy has found highly significance for the advanced industries like automotive, aerospace, electrical, marine, food processing and chemical due to good corrosion resistance, high strength-to-weight ratio, ease of weldability. In this present work, magnetic field assisted powder mixed electrical discharge machining setup was fabricated and experiments were performed using one factor at a time approach for aluminum 6061 alloy. The individual effect of machining parameters namely, peak current, pulse on time, pulse off time, powder concentration and magnetic field on material removal rate and tool wear rate was investigated. The effect of peak current was found to be dominant on material removal rate and tool wear rate followed by pulse on time, powder concentration and magnetic field. Increase in material removal rate and tool wear rate was observed with increase in peak current, pulse on time and a decrease in pulse off time, whereas, for material removal rate increases and tool wear rate decreases up to the certain value and follow the reverse trend with an increase in powder concentration. Material removal rate was increased and tool wear rate was decreased with increase in magnetic field.
Dynamic response and vibration suppression of a cantilevered pipe conveying fluid under periodic excitation
Authors: Li Jiantao , Deng Hua , Jiang Wenjun
Published: March 2019

A feedforward vibration suppression method is proposed for cantilever pipes conveying fluid. The fluid–structure interaction dynamic equation of the cantilever pipeline system is first established, based on the Euler–Bernoulli beam model. Next, the pulsation function of pipeline pressure is established using the Fourier series, which will serve as the input of the cantilever pipeline system. Then, analysis of transient response is carried out, and the relationship between input signal parameters and the end vibration is studied. Finally, a feedforward control strategy based on optimization of input signal parameters is proposed for minimizing the end vibration. Both theoretical derivation and experimental results in industrial equipment show that the proposed method (i.e., optimization of pressure function parameters) is effective and can suppress the structural vibration of a cantilever pipe conveying fluid.
The effects of written corrective feedback on the accuracy of L2 writing: Comparing collaborative and individual revision behavior
Authors: Kim YouJin , Emeliyanova Lena
Published: March 2019

Although the effects of different types of written corrective feedback (WCF) have been examined in great detail, learners’ revision behavior in response to WCF has not been systematically investigated. The current study compared students’ classroom revision behaviors when they worked in pairs and when they worked individually. It further compared the effects of students’ collaborative and individual revision of teachers’ indirect WCF on accuracy development in their subsequent writing. A total of 36 learners of English as a second language (ESL) completed four timed essays over an 8-week academic session. The instructor provided indirect WCF on students’ essays, and the students revised their writing either individually (the self-correction group) or in pairs (the pair-correction group). The students’ revision behavior was analysed in terms of the correctness of revised errors. The accuracy of their writing was analysed in terms of the number of error-free T-units and the total number of errors for each 100 words. The findings indicated that the pair-correction group corrected their errors at a higher rate of accuracy than the self-correction group. Both groups showed significant improvement in the accuracy of their writing after receiving feedback during the 8-week session; however, no difference in improvement was found between the self-correction and the pair-correction groups.
Experimental evidence that electrospray-produced sodiated lysophosphatidyl ester structures exist essentially as protonated salts
Authors: Colsch Benoit , Damont Annelaure , Junot Christophe , Fenaille François , Tabet Jean-Claude
Published: March 2019

Sodiated lysoglycerophosphatidylethanolamine (LGPE) and lysoglycerophosphatidylcholine (LGPC) species dissociate under low collision energy by covalent bond cleavage resulting in product ions with either sodium retention or without sodium retention. For explaining these fragmentations, sodium chelation by heteroatoms (as charge-solvated structures) is often considered, and consequently, under keV collision conditions, sodium is “spectator” of cleavages (charge remote fragmentation). However, cleavage of such charge-solvated forms under low-energy conditions should result in sodium desolvation rather than covalent bond cleavage. In the present study, protonated salts are proposed as the main representative structures of the sodiated LGPE and LGPC forms. These structures are generated from sodiation of zwitterionic and betaine forms of LGPE and LGPC molecules, respectively. Experimental evidence to determine which structure is involved in the dissociations is provided, especially by comparing the dissociation of LGPL sodiated forms with that of sodiated polyethylene glycols. Energy-resolved mass spectrometry breakdown experiments were performed on a quadrupole time-of-flight instrument to demonstrate that both LGPE and LGPC sodiated forms exist as protonated salt structures. From such structures, proton migration by prototropy can result in different bond cleavages whereas the salt moiety remains spectator of these processes.
Tying legitimacy to political power: Graded legitimacy standards for international institutions
Authors: Scherz Antoinette
Published: March 2019

International institutions have become increasingly important not only in the relations between states, but also for individuals. When are these institutions legitimate? The legitimacy standards for international institutions are predominantly either minimal or democratic and cannot capture the large variety of international institutions. This article develops an autonomy-based conception of legitimacy based on the justification of political power that is applicable to both international and domestic institutions. Political power as rule-setting is a particular normative threat to the personal and political autonomy of its subjects. The more political power an institution exercises, the more demanding the legitimacy standards it needs to fulfil in order to be legitimate. The article argues that an increase in the four dimensions of political power (scope, domain sensitivity, applicability and impact) raises the legitimacy burden for the institution. Finally, graded legitimacy standards are proposed. These are sensitive to the differences between international institutions in respect of their levels of political power, i.e. level of competences. In contrast to minimal or democratic legitimacy standards, the article suggests that different standards of accountability, participation and human rights have to be fulfilled according to the institution’s level of political power.
Joint communication and computing resource allocation in vehicular edge computing
Authors: Sun Jianan , Gu Qing , Zheng Tao , Dong Ping , Qin Yajuan
Published: March 2019

The emergence of computation-intensive vehicle applications poses a significant challenge to the limited computation capacity of on-board equipments. Mobile edge computing has been recognized as a promising paradigm to provide high-performance vehicle services by offloading the applications to edge servers. However, it is still a challenge to efficiently utilize the available resources of vehicle nodes. In this article, we introduce mobile edge computing technology to vehicular ad hoc network to build a vehicular edge computing system, which provides a wide range of reliable services by utilizing the computing resources of vehicles on the road. Then, we study the computation offloading decision problem in this system and propose a novel multi-objective vehicular edge computing task scheduling algorithm which jointly optimizes the allocation of communication and computing resources. Extensive performance evaluation demonstrates that the proposed algorithm can effectively shorten the task execution time and has high reliability.
The Tooth Fairy Comes, Or is it Just your Mum and Dad?”: A Child's Construction of Knowledge
Authors: Cullen Joy , Hedges Helen
Published: March 2019

Sociocultural theory promotes a view of children as capable and competent learners who construct their knowledge through participation in authentic, meaningful social experiences. This article describes one child's search for understanding about the ‘tooth fairy’, sea creatures, and principles of physics. The child's inquiries demonstrate that prior knowledge contributes to individual learning, motivation and collaborative meaning-making that lead to expanded knowledge. The child's knowledge construction is situated in the contexts of both active individual inquiry and co-constructed in pedagogical relationships. The contribution of subject knowledge to meaningful learning is raised. Consistent with sociocultural theory, the article highlights the central roles of dialogic inquiry and reciprocal and responsive relationships in community of learners and community of inquirers models of knowledge construction.
What Personal/Social Skills are Important for Young Children Commencing Kindergarten? Exploring teachers' and parents' insights
Authors: King Patricia , Boardman Margot
Published: March 2019

This article reports on a study that investigated the importance of children possessing personal/social skills when starting kindergarten, from teachers' and parents' perspectives. The study involved a sample of 16 kindergarten teachers and 63 parents of kindergarten children from government schools in one of the six education districts within the Tasmanian Department of Education. Data was collected through mailed questionnaires, which utilised 22 personal/social skills sourced from the Early Social Skills brochure (Department of Education, 2002a) and the Kindergarten Development Check (Department of Education, 2003). Results from the study support the importance of socially preparing children for the kindergarten environment, with emphasis being placed upon children commencing kindergarten with many of the specified personal/social skills. It was revealed that there was a lack of congruence between teachers' and parents' perceptions in respect of some items, in the areas of ‘attitude to learning’ and ‘social communication’. This indicates that there may be inconsistent expectations between home and school which have the potential to impact negatively upon a child's personal/social development.
Computer use by Preschool Children
Authors: Zevenbergen Robyn , Logan Helen
Published: March 2019

THIS PAPER REPORTS ON the outcomes of a survey implemented in a large regional community of Australia. The survey was completed by parents of children aged four –five years and attending local early childhood centres. The survey identified the types of access and use of computers by preschool children. It was found that the children of the respondents had significant access to computers in the home (85%) and were skilled in many facets of computer use. Computers were used for a range of activities, some educational and others recreational. Gender differences in computer use were also noted. The study highlights the changing clientele of early childhood settings and the implications for practice in a field where computer technology is often seen as the antithesis of good practice.
Early Childhood Teachers' Misconceptions about Mathematics Education for Young Children in the United States
Authors: Lee Joon Sun , Ginsburg Herbert P.
Published: March 2019

In this article we discuss nine common misconceptions about learning and teaching mathematics for young children that are widespread among prospective and practicing early childhood teachers in the United States. These misconceptions include: 1. Young children are not ready for mathematics education; 2. Mathematics is for some bright kids with mathematics genes; 3. Simple numbers and shapes are enough; 4. Language and literacy are more important than mathematics; 5. Teachers should provide an enriched physical environment, step back, and let the children play; 6. Mathematics should not be taught as a stand–alone subject matter; 7. Assessment in mathematics is irrelevant when it comes to young children; 8. Children learn mathematics only by interacting with concrete objects; 9. Computers are inappropriate for the teaching and learning of mathematics. These misconceptions often interfere with understanding and interpreting the new recommendations of early childhood mathematics education (NAEYC & NCTM, 2002), and become subtle (and sometimes overt) obstacles to implementing the new practices in the classrooms. We hope this article provides an opportunity for practitioners to examine and reflect on their own beliefs in order to become more effective and proactive early childhood mathematics teachers.
Adding New Possibilities for Visual Art Education in Early Childhood Settings: The Potential of Interactive Whiteboards and ICT
Authors: Terreni Lisa
Published: March 2019

EARLY CHILDHOOD EDUCATORS, in New Zealand and internationally, are increasingly using information and communication technology (ICT) to enhance learning opportunities for young children in their care. The types of ICTs being used in early childhood settings often include computers, digital cameras, video cameras, and DVD players. The Internet is also being accessed by teachers to assist inquiry-based learning or to find information that builds on children's learning interests. Interactive Whiteboards (IWBs), a relatively new type of ICT, are now being used in some early childhood programs in New Zealand, and this new technology has the potential to add a new dimension to children's visual art learning experiences. This article explores how ICTs, such as IWBs, can add new possibilities for both teaching and learning in the visual arts in early childhood settings.
An Exploratory Investigation on the Influence of Practical Experience towards Shaping Future Early Childhood Teachers' Practice in the Arts
Authors: Garvis Susanne
Published: March 2019

ACCORDING TO THE NATIONAL Education and the Arts Statement (Ministerial Council for Education, Early Childhood Development and Youth Affairs, 2007), all children and young people should have a high-quality arts education. The statement also supports the notion that arts experience can be the first meaningful point of engagement in the education system for students. To achieve quality arts education, teachers require a high level of skill and training (Andrews, 2004). This suggests teachers require significant training to help develop a strong sense of perceived capability towards teaching in the area of arts education.

This study explores the beliefs of early childhood teachers in their first three years of teaching. Focusing on self-efficacy beliefs, this study used Bandura's (1997) model of self-regulated learning as a base from which to consider sources of an early childhood teacher's sense of agency related to teaching the arts. Findings suggest teachers develop beliefs about arts education during practical experience that shape attitudes towards teaching arts in the early years. These findings have important messages for improving arts education.