bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
DESEMPENHO AMBIENTAL DOS CACHOS DE FRUTOS DE DENDÊ DE PRODUÇÕES CONVENCIONAL E ORGÂNICA NA REGIÃO DO BAIXO SUL DA BAHIA
Authors: Lins Ittana de Oliveira , Maranduba Henrique Leonardo , Rodrigues Luciano Brito , Almeida Neto José Adolfo de
Published: September 2016

Este trabalho avaliou o desempenho ambiental dos cachos de frutos dedendê na região do Baixo Sul do estado da Bahia, comparando os cultivosconvencional e orgânico. A avaliação seguiu os passos indicados pelas normasISO 14040 e 14044 para avaliar as categorias de impacto: acidificação,aquecimento global e uso de recursos não renováveis. O cultivo orgânicoapresentou o melhor desempenho, reduzindo, comparativamente ao cultivoconvencional, os impactos em 27,6% para o aquecimento global, 69,0% parao uso de recursos não renováveis e 89,4% para a acidificação. O principalfluxo elementar no sistema de cultivo convencional foi o uso de fertilizantessintéticos, devido a seu elevado consumo energético e emissões na fase deuso. Para o cultivo orgânico, o principal fluxo elementar foi o transporte dofertilizante orgânico, com consumo de recursos fósseis (diesel) e emissõesrelacionadas ao aquecimento global e à acidificação. Apesar dos indicadoresfavorecerem o cultivo orgânico, é importante considerar a interdependênciaentre os sistemas produtivos.
A CADEIA DE RECICLAGEM DE PET PÓS-CONSUMO E AS DEFINIÇÕES DE SUAS ETAPAS: UM ESTUDO DE CASO NO RIO DE JANEIRO
Authors: Conceição Roberta Dalvo Pereira da , Pereira Cristiane , Pessoa Glauco , Pacheco Elen Beatriz Accordi Vasquez
Published: September 2016

O artigo teve por finalidade propor maior esclarecimento sobre atividades epadronização terminológica das etapas da reciclagem referentes ao materialplástico, com foco no poli (tereftalato de etileno), PET. A metodologia utilizadabaseou-se em pesquisa exploratória com busca em literatura científica e emsites de organizações brasileiras sobre as denominações utilizadas para acadeia de reciclagem. Foram propostos novos termos às unidades produtivasda cadeia da reciclagem, para auxiliar a sua correta caracterização, são eles:catador, distribuidor, reciclador-distribuidor, reciclador-beneficiador ereciclador-transformador. Os termos propostos estão de acordo com aPolítica Nacional de Resíduos Sólidos (PNRS). Para validação da importânciada padronização, foram identificadas e caracterizadas, por meio de umapesquisa de campo, unidades produtivas que trabalham na reciclagem dePET no Rio de Janeiro, segundo os termos tradicionalmente utilizados e deacordo com a terminologia proposta. Verificou-se que a falta de padronizaçãodos termos conduziu a diferentes resultados sobre a cadeia de reciclagem.Também como resultado, tem-se que o Rio de Janeiro apresenta um númeropequeno de reciclador-transformador e reciclador-beneficiador.
SAÚDE AMBIENTAL E CONDIÇÕES DE BALNEABILIDADE EM COLEÇÃO HÍDRICA DO MÉDIO RIO DOCE (MG)
Authors: Magalhães Marcelo Marcos , Guarda Vera Lúcia de Miranda , Santos Tânia Gonçalves dos
Published: September 2016

O objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar a saúde ambiental de cinco lagoas:da Prata, do Pau, Vermelha, Silvana e Nova, em uma região do Médio RioDoce no Estado de Minas Gerais, Brasil. Foram avaliadas a composição e adistribuição de macroinvertebrados bentônicos relacionados com a presençade parâmetros biológicos (grupo coliforme), físicos (temperatura) e químicos(oxigênio dissolvido ― OD, condutividade, pH, potencial de redução) emcada uma das lagoas mencionadas. As amostragens de macroinvertebradosforam realizadas entre dezembro de 2007 e janeiro de 2009. Os táxonsidentificados foram analisados a partir de índices de diversidade Shannon-Wiener (H’), uniformidade Pielou (e), Biological Monitoring Working Party(BMWP), Average Score Per Taxon (ASPT), índice biótico de família (IBF) eanálise de componentes principais (ACP). Fatores como a abundância dasfamílias Thiaridae e Physidae, OD, o potencial de redução, a pluviosidade, apresença de macrófitas aquáticas e a contaminação da água por coliformesforam os parâmetros que mais influenciaram na distribuição e composiçãoda assembleia de macroinvertebrados e nas condições de balneabilidade daslagoas estudadas.
Editorial
Authors: Dziedzic Mauricio
Published: September 2016

Prezados leitores,É com satisfação que me dirijo ao público da Revista Brasileira de Ciências Ambientais (RBCIAMB). Assumi a editoriageral da revista atendendo a um pedido dos editores anteriores com o intuito de dar minha contribuição àcomunidade científica nessa área.
verdad del hombre: Imago Dei Principios antropológicos de base para nuevos procesos educativos
Authors: Lara Ramón Obdulio
Published: September 2016

El autor analiza las principales líneas de comprensión del hombre desde la prespectiva cristiana: la línea teológica, la moral y la psicológica. En todas las líneas aparece una idea común: la comprensión del hombre como “imago Dei” (imagen de Dios). Propone, además, que esa comprensión antropológica debería ser el fundamento indispensable que ha de estar a la base de todo proceso educativo, lo que a su vez daría respuesta al grave problema de resquebrajamiento social que sufre el país.
Partidos políticos y democracia (A propósito de Esencia y valor de la democracia de Hans Kelsen)
Authors: González Luis Armando
Published: September 2016

Luis Armando González presenta un rico análisis del libro Esencia y valor de la democracia, de Hans Kelsen. El libro, publicado en 1920, responde a las críticas de su tiempo a la democracia partidaria: crítica la ‘antipolítica’, el ‘antipartidismo’ y el ‘antiparlamentarismo’. Partiendo de las tesis principales de Kelsen, el autor pone en relieve la defensa de las praxis democráticas a partir de la crítica a sus detractores.
significado del neozapatismo mexicano dentro de los movimientos antisistémicos actuales
Authors: Aguirre Rojas Carlos Antonio
Published: September 2016

En este escrito se hace una evaluación a veinte años del nacimiento del movimiento zapatista, partiendo de sus impactos múltiples y profundos, de persistente duración. Se ponen en relieve aquí su rápida difusión, sus propuestas que reúnen y reformulan los reclamos de los movimientos antisistémicos y su redefinición de los actores, las demandas, los objetivos y las estrategias de esos movimientos. Veinte años después, el zapatismo plantea exigencias que la experiencia de esos años ha madurado y moldeado, transformándose en propuestas maduras que pueden llevarse a cabo.
papel de la filosofía ante las ideologías en Ignacio Ellacuría
Authors: Rojas Marcelino R.
Published: September 2016

En el presente artículo se trata el tema del papel de la filosofía ante las ideologías en Ellacuría. Éste no es un intento de hacer un recorrido histórico del concepto de ideología. Tampoco es un intento de analizar las semejanzas o diferencias entre distintos autores. Quizá esto último puede ser la tarea de una tesis, pero no el fin del presente artículo. El propósito fundamental es hacer hincapié en la visión filosófica de Ellacuría ante el fenómeno real de las ideologías, y darle un toque personal, y no meramente hacer una repetición mecánica de las ideas de uno o muchos autores. Para tal fin voy a concentrarme en tres textos, dos ellos correspondientes a Marx y uno de Ellacuría. También, al inicio se elaboró un índice con una serie de temas y subtemas, sin embargo, al momento de ir desarrollando el ensayo fue apareciendo una nueva estructura, aunque las ideas fundamentales son las mismas.
Translation Microstrategies Used by Visually Impaired Translators
Authors: Nugroho Raden Arief , Nababan Mangatur Rudolf , Subroto Edi
Published: September 2016

This paper discusses the microstrategies of translation (Schjoldager et al., 2008) used by visually impaired translators in translating English texts into Indonesian. There are three reasons for using these microstrategies: 1) they are more specific and thorough; 2) they outnumber other translation strategies; and 3) they can show the degree of creativity applied in a translation work (Yang, 2010). In order to collect the data, a translation task was assigned to two subjects of research in this study. The assignment was to translate a psychological text categorized as “very difficult to read” according to Flesch Reading Ease criteria. Six microstrategies were employed by the translators. The microstrategies and their total frequencies are as follows: direct transfer (9), direct translation (17), explicitation (6), paraphrase (3), addition (4), and deletion (4). Surprisingly, a visually impaired translator who has achieved better English proficiency and experienced translation training is less creative than the one who has not, i.e., the translator’s creativity does not imply the quality of translation.
On the Segmental-Structural Formation of Syllable Models (on the Material of the Spanish Language)
Authors: Khagani Aliyeva Sabina
Published: September 2016

The article is dedicated to study of syllable—a segmental language unit. In the article it is noted that status of the syllable is subject of dispute. A syllable is a segmental unit formed by phonemes (vowel and consonant) based on intrasystemic rules of a certain language in syntagmatics. It is indicated that phonotactics studies syntagmatic relations of phoneme in speech act. The article clarifies concepts like phonetic and phonological. Phonetic characteristics of syllable are that it is the minimal pronunciation unit and minimal perception tool. Phonological syllable is closely related to investigation of rules of phonotactics in a certain language. Some syllable models in Spanish are defined with given examples in the article.
Effects of Interactive Text Chat and Independent Writing on Iranian EFL Language Learning
Authors: Erfani Leila
Published: September 2016

The present Study tries to examine the degree of significance of interaction for foreign language learning by investigating results of dichotomous kinds of home work tasks. The researcher tried to compare: (a) interactive assignment, accomplished through text chat activities, and (b) individual assignment, accomplished through independent writing activities. For six weeks participants in two separate intermediate- level English classes in a between-subjects design were exposed to the two different situations and accomplished the supposed activities three times a week. In the assigned interactive situation, learner pairs involved in real-time text-chat sessions, accomplishing activities planned to promote interaction and collaboration via opinion-gaps or information- reasoning-. While In the individual situation, learners accomplished similar writing tasks alone. The same language input was provided in both conditions and the essential production, over an equivalent amount of time was the same in two conditions as well. Language improvements were examined via pre- and post-tests of writing, vocabulary, and speaking. Learners in the interactive situation revealed more obvious gains in oral production and vocabulary knowledge than learners in the individual situation, but it was found that learners’ writing accuracy or complexity did not differ. Comparison of the outcomes of the present study at the beginning of the survey and later in the study reveals that learners in the interactive situation created more English types and tokens in their activities than learners in the individual situation too. Thus the obtained findings of the study support the advantages of assigning interactive activities for foreign language production and acquisition.
Perception of EFL Teachers’ Satisfaction on Pedagogical Process
Authors: Suhirman Lalu , Atmowardoyo Haryanto , Husain Djamiah
Published: September 2016

This study examines teaching performance satisfaction among three English teachers in Makassar. These three teachers are students at a postgraduate program in English Education (Ph.D Program) at the State University of Makassar. All of them have more than seven years experience, two teaching at Secondary High School and one of at Senior High School. Two of them are males and one is female. Interviews were carried out with these Intensive EFL program teachers. Interviews were transcribed and analyzed according to the grounded theory method. The research focused on teacher’s satisfaction with their pedagogical competence. Findings reveal whether all the EFL teachers felt satisfied with their pedagogic competence across all seven indicators, as follows: (a) understanding learners’ characteristics, (b) mastering teaching-learning theory (approach, method strategy of teaching), (c) developing curriculum, (d) presenting instructional process, (e) understanding and developing learners’ potency, (f) communication, and (g) evaluation (Ministerial Education, 2010).
De inningspraktijk bij verkeersboetes, rijp voor verandering: is de rechtsbescherming voldoende gewaarborgd?
Authors: van der Hulst J.W.
Published: September 2016

De inningspraktijk bij verkeersboetes, rijp voor verandering: is de rechtsbescherming voldoende gewaarborgd?

Dit artikel gaat over de inningspraktijk bij de afdoening van verkeersboetes op grond van de Wet administratiefrechtelijke handhaving verkeersvoorschriften. Deze praktijk is buitengewoon streng, waarbij het standaard is dat bij betalingsachterstand automatisch gijzeling wordt gevorderd. Recent hebben diverse kantonrechters en de Nationale Ombudsman deze praktijk bekritiseerd. Mede op basis van deze kritiek wordt voorgesteld om gijzeling achterwege te laten bij betalingsonmacht en in de overige gevallen gijzeling enkel te vorderen indien daar een gemotiveerde noodzaak toe is.
International Migration, Agency and Regional Development in Rural Europe
Authors: Woods Michael
Published: September 2016

International migration to rural areas has become an increasingly important process in Europe, with the potential to act as a key driver of change in the localities concerned. Research has started to document patterns of international migration and the experiences of migrants, but this emergent body of literature is partial and fragmented between regionalscale studies focused on specific types of migration. This paper aims to construct a more holistic perspective by drawing on evidence from three research projects that collectively have examined multiple dimensions of migration in several case study regions across Europe. It distils overarching characteristics of contemporary international migration to rural areas that emphasize the complexity of migration processes and impacts and which challenge established perceptions of migration in rural areas. It then proceeds to focus on the impact of international migration for recipient localities and in particular considers the potential contribution of international migration to regional development.
Gray, Mary L.; Johnson, Colin R. y Gilley, Brian J. (2016). Queering the countryside: New frontiers in rural queer studies
Authors: Solana Solana Miguel
Published: September 2016

Gray, Mary L.; Johnson, Colin R. y Gilley, Brian J. (2016)Queering the countryside: New frontiers in rural queer studiesNueva York: New York University Press, 416 p.ISBN 978-1-4798-8058-4
Distribution and habitat properties of Carex pulicaris and Pedicularis sylvatica at their range margin in NW Poland
Authors: Sotek Zofia , Stasińska Małgorzata , Malinowski Ryszard , Meller Edward , Grzejszczak Grzegorz , Kurnicki Bartosz
Published: September 2016

This paper presents the distribution dynamics, soil and phytocoenotical conditions of the occurrence of Carex pulicaris and Pedicularis sylvatica at the margin of their range in NW Poland. Dynamic cartograms of these species were made on the basis of our field studies and available contemporary and historical records. The studies showed that the plants grow on organic hemic-muck soils, mucky soils and typical muckous soils. The occurrence of these two species on different types of soils proves that they are able to adapt easily to varying habitat conditions of post-bog areas. Populations of C. pulicaris and P. sylvatica were most frequently not numerous and occurred in small community patches. Analyzed phytocoenoses with C. pulicaris have been classified as the community of the alliance Caricion davallianae or the alliance Molinion. Phytocoenoses with P. sylvatica are represented by the association Nardo-Juncetum squarrosi and the community of the class Molinio-Arrhenatheretea. The distribution dynamics of these species shows that they are disappearing from some parts of this region, which proves the recessive trends. This process is more intensive for P. sylvatica, which should be included in the red list of Polish plants like C. pulicaris. The disappearance of the populations of both species has been caused by worsening habitat conditions (insufficient moisture, eutrophication), expansion of competitive plant species and land abandonment.
The Theoretical Model of Human – Weapon System
Authors: Dziopa Zbigniew , Zdeb Krzysztof
Published: September 2016

Rapid firing of two bullets from the Skorpion submachine gun vz. 61 cal. 7,65 mm towards the target located at a distance of 25 [m] was registered at a police shooting range. The tests confirmed the opinion of the users regarding the presence of significant weapon dispersion. This undesirable effect prompted the authors to undertake work in order to improve the dynamic properties of weapons. Experimental studies provided information on the kinematics of movement of human - weapon system. On the basis of the courses of variation of displacement, velocity and acceleration over time, the behaviour of a machine gun in thirteen characteristic points of its operation was specified. The verification of bullet holes and analysis of recorded images showed a slight deviation of movement of the objects under examination from the vertical plane. Therefore, a physical model of human - weapon system with five degrees of freedom in the vertical plane was formulated. On the basis of the physical model, a mathematical model of human - weapon system was derived, which can be classified as linear, determined, variable over time, dissipative and constrained.
Pas Sage Planning for Ships Involved in an Incident and Seeking a Place of Refuge
Authors: Jurdziński Mirosław
Published: September 2016

This article defines the types of incidents suffered by ships which need to transit to an appropriate place of safety in order to improve their technical condition. It presents some information concerning the passage planning of ships involved in an incident and data used to assess the risk of such transit. Annex 2 presents a set of conventions concerning passage to a place of refuge.
The Moral Obligation to Vaccinate
Authors: Spaeder Gwyneth A. ,   The National Catholic Bioethics Center
Published: September 2016

The widespread availability of effective vaccines against life-threatening infections has been one of the greatest public health achievements. Unfounded but widely circulated safety concerns about some vaccines and ethical concerns about the derivation of others have caused a decline in the number of immunized individuals in the United States. Exploring distinctions between formal and material cooperation in evil provides reassurance that, in the absence of alternatives, Catholics may, in good conscience, receive vaccines originally derived from fetal tissue obtained from abortions. Examining Catholic teaching on the individual’s responsibility to the common good shows that, in the absence of medical contraindications, each person has a duty to receive currently recommended vaccinations.
Paying Workers as if People Mattered
Authors: Babcock Paul ,   The National Catholic Bioethics Center
Published: September 2016

This article examines capitalist, socialist, and solidarist wage theories to determine which theory is best suited to our health care system. It argues for solidarist wage theory, which is based on Catholic social teaching, relying on the notion that wages are inexorably entwined with providing for oneself and one’s family as a consequence of the Fall. It then discusses several unique features of health care wages that threaten the sustainability of the system, and explores how application of the solidarist model can address these problems.
De l’école au cyberespace, le phénomène de l’intimidation en ligne chez les jeunes :
état de la recherche et de l’intervention
Authors: Chehab Yasmine , Levasseur Caroline , Bowen François
Published: September 2016

Grâce aux réseaux sociaux virtuels, les jeunes ont fait du cyberespace un milieu
d’interaction privilégié. Loin du regard des adultes, les jeunes peuvent s’exprimer
librement. Ils sont toutefois plus vulnérables aux conséquences des dynamiques de
cyberintimidation. Cet article offre une description du phénomène dans ses formes et son
ampleur et expose différents profils d’élèves impliqués dans ces dynamiques agressives en
ligne. En plus de dresser un portrait de mesures d’intervention impliquant l’école, la
famille et la communauté, plusieurs aspects de la cyberintimidation sont discutés, dont sa
dimension légale et sa relation avec les conduites d’intimidation face à face.
Des outils multimédias en ligne pour apprendre des concepts enmathématiques
Authors: Racette Nicole , Sauvé Louise , Bégin Stéphanie
Published: September 2016

SAMI-Persévérance est un dispositif d’aide en ligne qui offre, entre autres, des outils d’aide en mathématiques au niveau postsecondaire. Les étudiants peuvent accéder aux outils d’aide par les moyens suivants : par mots-clés, par carte conceptuelle ou par l’outil de dépistage des difficultés en mathématiques. Les données recueillies dans le dispositif révèlent que 4 773 choix d’outils d’aide ont été faits (par l’outil de dépistage dans 72 % des cas), 2 873 énoncés de difficultés ont été cochés, et deux questionnaires sur la dyscalculie ont présenté un résultat positif. Ces données laissent supposer que les étudiants ont apprécié ces outils qui leur ont permis de connaître leurs faiblesses et de mieux comprendre les notions de base en mathématiques.
Distinct combinations of variant ionotropic glutamate receptors mediate thermosensation and hygrosensation in Drosophila
Authors: Knecht Zachary A , Silbering Ana F , Ni Lina , Klein Mason , Budelli Gonzalo , Bell Rati , Abuin Liliane , Ferrer Anggie J , Samuel Aravinthan DT , Benton Richard , Garrity Paul A
Published: September 2016

Ionotropic Receptors (IRs) are a large subfamily of variant ionotropic glutamate receptors present across Protostomia. While these receptors are most extensively studied for their roles in chemosensory detection, recent work has implicated two family members, IR21a and IR25a, in thermosensation in Drosophila. Here we characterize one of the most evolutionarily deeply conserved receptors, IR93a, and show that it is co-expressed and functions with IR21a and IR25a to mediate physiological and behavioral responses to cool temperatures. IR93a is also co-expressed with IR25a and a distinct receptor, IR40a, in a discrete population of sensory neurons in the sacculus, a multi-chambered pocket within the antenna. We demonstrate that this combination of receptors is required for neuronal responses to dry air and behavioral discrimination of humidity differences. Our results identify IR93a as a common component of molecularly and cellularly distinct IR pathways important for thermosensation and hygrosensation in insects.
Observation of magnetic resonance and Faraday rotation in a spinel ZnCr2Se4 single crystal in the terahertz region
Authors: Zhang Peng , Su Fuhai , Chen Xuliang , Zhang Shile , Mei Hongying , Yang Zhaorong , Dai Jianming , Pi Li
Published: September 2016

The terahertz (THz) time domain spectroscopy (THz-TDS) of a ZnCr2Se4 single crystal has been performed under magnetic fields up to 9 Tesla at low temperatures. It was found that the magnetic resonance absorption originating from screw-spin-structure precession emerges in the THz region and evolves into ferromagnetic resonance absorption with the application of an external magnetic field. Benefiting from the phase- and polarization-sensitive detection technique of THz-TDS, the THz Faraday rotations of ZnCr2Se4 were observed in both time and frequency domains, whose temperature and magnetic field dependences manifest typical magnetic structure transitions.
Room-temperature laser annealing for solid-phase epitaxial crystallization of β-Ga2O3 thin films
Authors: Shiojiri Daishi , Fukuda Daiji , Yamauchi Ryosuke , Tsuchimine Nobuo , Koyama Koji , Kaneko Satoru , Matsuda Akifumi , Yoshimoto Mamoru
Published: September 2016

The epitaxial crystallization of β-Ga2O3 thin films on NiO-buffered α-Al2O3(0001) substrates via the solid-phase crystallization of amorphous Ga2O3 thin films by KrF excimer laser annealing at room temperature (RT) was examined. The results of X-ray and reflection high-energy electron diffraction measurements indicated that the epitaxial β-Ga2O3

thin films were fabricated by RT laser annealing. The optical bandgap of the thin films was estimated to be 4.9 eV from the results of UV/vis transmittance measurements. In the cathodoluminescence spectrum, UV–green luminescence was observed for the thin films. These optical properties are similar to those of bulk β-Ga2O3.
Incorporation of terbium(III) ion into mesoporous silica particles
Authors: Kataoka Takuya , Wang Liyin , Kobayashi Kouhei , Nishikawa Masami , Tagaya Motohiro
Published: September 2016

Terbium(III)-doped mesoporous silicas were synthesized, and the states of terbium ions in the silica frameworks were investigated. The mesopores were preserved upon doping at terbium ion molar concentrations relative to (Si+Tb) up to 15 mol %, indicating the interaction of terbium ions with Si–O bonds. Significant morphological changes of the particles were observed with increasing the doping concentration. The shapes of the photoluminescence spectra due to the transitions of 5D4 → 7F6 and 5D4 → 7F5 were indicative of the presence of terbium ions in the silica matrix, and the quantum efficiency (2.1–2.8%) and lifetime (1.6–1.9 ms) decreased with increasing the doping concentration up to 15 mol %. Therefore, the terbium ions are considered to be located inside the amorphous silica frameworks, where they electrostatically interact with the O atoms of silanol and siloxane groups.
Enhancement of photocatalytic activity of TiO2 by plasma irradiation
Authors: Kajita Shin , Yoshida Tomoko , Ohno Noriyasu , Ishida Tomoya , Kitaoka Daiki
Published: September 2016

In this study, plasma irradiations to titanium were conducted to enhance the photocatalytic activity of titanium oxide. When titanium is exposed to He plasmas, various morphology changes occur as forming nano-bubbles near the surface. Photocatalytic activity of the oxidized helium plasma irradiated titanium samples with nano-cones and microstructures were assessed by the hydrogen production from aqueous methanol solution. It is shown that the He plasma irradiation increases the photocatalytic activity more than double. Moreover, nitrogen mixture plasma irradiation to titanium (oxide) was conducted for doping nitrogen, which has been regarded as method to create visible light reactivity. It is shown from X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) analysis that nitrogen doping has been successfully conducted under specific conditions.
Fabrication and characterization of (111)-epitaxial Pb(Zr0.35Ti0.65)O3/Pb(Zr0.65Ti0.35)O3 artificial superlattice thin films
Authors: Yamada Tomoaki , Ebihara Youhei , Kiguchi Takanori , Sakata Osami , Morioka Hitoshi , Shimizu Takao , Funakubo Hiroshi , Konno Toyohiko J. , Yoshino Masahito , Nagasaki Takanori
Published: September 2016

Artificial superlattice thin films consisting of two different compositions of Pb(Zr,Ti)O3 (PZT), which are in tetragonal and rhombohedral phases at room temperature in the bulk state, were grown on (111)
c
SrRuO3/(111)SrTiO3 by pulsed laser deposition. Fairly perfect periodicity with sharp interfaces was observed by X-ray diffraction and scanning transmission electron microscopy. It was found that the film with each layer of 5 nm thickness had a single-domain structure for both PZT layers, which would arise from the strong mechanical and electrical coupling between PZT layers. The fabricated superlattice thin films showed saturated P–E hysteresis curves. Larger electromechanical response was observed in the films with smaller layer thickness.
Core–shell structure and dielectric properties of (K0.5Na0.5)NbO3–SrZrO3 for high-temperature capacitors
Authors: Aman Sanshiro , Kubo Keiko , Akiba Hiroki , Iwanaga Daisuke
Published: September 2016

The microstructure and dielectric properties of (K0.5Na0.5)NbO3–SrZrO3 were investigated. The dielectric constant is high and stable in a wide temperature range. The rate of change in dielectric constant is within ±10% in the temperature range from −55 to 200 °C. This effect is thought to be due to the core–shell structure composed of a K-rich shell and a Na-rich core, which have different Curie temperatures. This core–shell structure can be controlled on the basis of sintering temperature. The width of the K-rich shell of a sample sintered at 1250 °C is larger than that of a sample sintered at 1180 °C. In addition, the insulation resistance of this material is high at high temperatures. The specific resistance of this material is 109 Ω cm at 200 °C. This material can be used for high-temperature multilayer ceramic capacitors, which have stable capacitance and high reliability at high temperatures.
Alternative splicing of the receptor‐like kinase Nt‐Sd‐RLK in tobacco cells responding to lipopolysaccharides: suggestive of a role in pathogen surveillance and perception?
Authors: Sanabria Natasha M. , Dubery Ian A.
Published: September 2016

Nt‐Sd‐RLK encodes an S‐domain lectin receptor‐like kinase that is induced in response to microbe‐associated molecular pattern molecules (MAMPs) such as lipopolysaccharide (LPS). In this study, we investigated the alternative splicing of Nt‐Sd‐RLK in response to LPS stimulation. Our data indicate that in nonstimulated cells, a shorter transcript of Nt‐Sd‐RLK is generated and that in response to LPS, alternative splicing produces the full‐length transcript. We propose that the extracellular domain of Nt‐Sd‐RLK encoded by the shorter transcript functions in pathogen surveillance. Once this domain binds LPS, alternative splicing generates the kinase domain‐containing Nt‐Sd‐RLK that activates downstream signalling leading to a defence response. Thus, our findings suggest that plant defence signalling may be regulated through the alternative splicing of receptor‐like kinases involved in pathogen recognition.
Targeted disruption of the mouse protein phosphatase ppm1l gene leads to structural abnormalities in the brain
Authors: Kusano Rie , Fujita Kousuke , Shinoda Yasuharu , Nagaura Yuko , Kiyonari Hiroshi , Abe Takaya , Watanabe Toshio , Matsui Yasuhisa , Fukaya Masahiro , Sakagami Hiroyuki , Sato Tatsuya , Funahashi Jun‐ichi , Ohnishi Motoko , Tamura Shinri , Kobayashi Takayasu
Published: September 2016

PPM1L, a member of the metal‐dependent protein phosphatase (PPM) family, is involved in regulating the stress‐activated protein kinase pathway and ceramide trafficking. However, the physiological function of PPM1L in the brain is unclear. In this study, we generated and analyzed ppm1l‐deficient mice in order to investigate PPM1L functions in the brain. Our results indicate that ppm1l is highly expressed in the central nervous system during mouse development and that ppm1lΔ/Δ mice display impaired motor performance and morphological abnormalities in the forebrain. Electron microscopic and immunohistochemical analyses suggest that these abnormalities are due to impaired axonal tract formation. Our novel findings suggest an important role for PPM1L in brain development.
How much subsidence is enough to change the morphology of river deltas?
Authors: Liang Man , Kim Wonsuck , Passalacqua Paola
Published: September 2016

Understanding the effect of subsidence on fluviodeltaic morphology is important not only to maintain sustainable coastal cities and habitats but also to interpret the information contained in the stratigraphic record. While tectonic steering in alluvial environments has been investigated, similar studies in fluviodeltaic environments are limited to physical experiments and field observations. We perform numerical experiments with a parcel‐based cellular model to analyze the deltaic surface and subsurface responses to regional subsidence. We quantify model results using robust metrics and show that while sediment partitioning and shoreline pattern vary gradually with increasing subsidence rate, channel mobility and stratigraphic connectivity of channel deposits show a threshold transition. Conditions for this transition are captured with a dimensionless filling index β, defined as the ratio between the rates of accommodation creation and sediment supply. A channel‐locking mechanism activates when β exceeds 0.6 and is responsible for the threshold transition.
Magnetic latitude dependence of oxygen charge states in the global magnetosphere: Insights into solar wind‐originating ion injection
Authors: Allen R. C. , Livi S. A. , Vines S. K. , Goldstein J.
Published: September 2016

Understanding the sources and subsequent evolution of plasma in a magnetosphere holds intrinsic importance for magnetospheric dynamics. Previous studies have investigated the balance of ionospheric‐originating heavy ions (low charge state) from those of solar wind origin (high charge state) in the magnetosphere of Earth. These studies have suggested a variety of entry mechanisms for solar wind ions to penetrate into the magnetosphere. Following from recently published distributions for oxygen charge states observed by the Polar spacecraft, this paper investigates oxygen charge state flux distributions versus L shell and magnetic latitude. By showing these distributions in this frame, and binning by various proxies for magnetospheric dynamics (Dst, AE, VSW∗BZ, Pdyn), insight has been gained into the underlying physics at play for oxygen injection. Ionospheric‐originating oxygen is observed to depend predominantly on Dst, whereas solar wind‐originating oxygen is observed to have a strong dependence on solar wind dynamic pressure (Pdyn) at the flanks and on VSW∗BZ at the dayside. This suggests that both Kelvin‐Helmholtz instabilities and reconnection play major roles in solar wind ion penetration into a magnetosphere. Additionally, the near‐Earth magnetotail reconnection site does not seem to be a major injection site of solar wind‐originating plasma in the 1 to 200 keV/e energy range.
The Katla volcanic system imaged using local earthquakes recorded with a temporary seismic network
Authors: Jeddi Zeinab , Tryggvason Ari , Gudmundsson Ólafur
Published: September 2016

Katla is one of the most active subglacial volcanoes in Iceland. A temporary seismic network was operated on and around Katla for 2.5 years. A subset of ~800 analyzed local earthquakes clustered geographically in four regions: (1) the caldera, (2) the western region, (3) the southern rim, and (4) the eastern rim of the glacier. Based on the frequency content of recorded seismograms, each event was labeled as volcano tectonic (VT), long period (LP), or ‘Mixed’. The southern cluster consists of LP events only, and the eastern cluster consists of VT events, while the western cluster is ‘Mixed’ although primarily LP. The caldera seismicity is confined to a subregion centered in the northeastern part of the caldera above 1 km below sea level (bsl) and gradually deepens away from its center to about 4 km depth. Deeper events are almost all VT, whereas LP events in the center of caldera locate at shallow depths. This is also where the velocities are lowest in the top 3 km of the crust of our 3‐D tomographic model. A high‐velocity core (~6.5 km/s) is found at 4 km bsl beneath this low‐velocity zone. We propose that a “subcaldera” may be developing within the present caldera and suggest a conceptual model for Katla volcano with a thin volume (~1 km thick) that may host hot rhyolitic material in the shallow crust below the relocated seismic activity and above the high‐velocity core. We interpret this core to consist of mafic cumulates resulting from fractionation of mafic intrusions and partial melting of subsiding hydrothermally altered rocks.
Effects of change in slab geometry on the mantle flow and slab fabric in Southern Peru
Authors: Knezevic Antonijevic Sanja , Wagner Lara S. , Beck Susan L. , Long Maureen D. , Zandt George , Tavera Hernando
Published: September 2016

The effects of complex slab geometries on the surrounding mantle flow field are still poorly understood. Here we combine shear wave velocity structure with Rayleigh wave phase anisotropy to examine these effects in southern Peru, where the slab changes its geometry from steep to flat. To the south, where the slab subducts steeply, we find trench‐parallel anisotropy beneath the active volcanic arc that we attribute to the mantle wedge and/or upper portions of the subducting plate. Farther north, beneath the easternmost corner of the flat slab, we observe a pronounced low‐velocity anomaly. This anomaly is caused either by the presence of volatiles and/or flux melting that could result from southward directed, volatile‐rich subslab mantle flow or by increased temperature and/or decompression melting due to small‐scale vertical flow. We also find evidence for mantle flow through the tear north of the subducting Nazca Ridge. Finally, we observe anisotropy patterns associated with the fast velocity anomalies that reveal along strike variations in the slab's internal deformation. The change in slab geometry from steep to flat contorts the subducting plate south of the Nazca Ridge causing an alteration of the slab petrofabric. In contrast, the torn slab to the north still preserves the primary (fossilized) petrofabric first established shortly after plate formation.
Tracing the thermal evolution of the Corsican lower crust during Tethyan rifting
Authors: Seymour Nikki M. , Stockli Daniel F. , Beltrando Marco , Smye Andrew J.
Published: September 2016

Continental rifting requires thinning the continental lithosphere from ~120 km to <20 km by a series of processes which each impart a characteristic thermal signature to the extending lithosphere. Here high‐resolution thermochronology is used to trace the synrift thermal evolution within a lower crustal section of an upper plate hyperextended margin sampled in Corsica. Novel zircon, rutile, and apatite 206Pb/238U depth profiling coupled with garnet trace element diffusion modeling provide compelling evidence for rift‐related crustal reheating. A Jurassic thermal pulse is recorded in the footwall of the Belli Piani Shear Zone (BPSZ), where 200–180 Ma zircon 206Pb/238U overgrowth ages on Permian core populations and the preservation of stranded diffusion profiles in resorbed garnets implies the dominant footwall fabric formed as a result of high‐temperature (T ~ 800°C) ductile thinning of the lower crust. Conductive reheating of middle crustal rocks in the immediate BPSZ hanging wall, demonstrated by Jurassic apatite 206Pb/238U ages, was likely achieved by synkinematic juxtaposition against the hot footwall and wholesale conductive steepening of geothermal gradients. Subsequent rapid cooling from 180 to 160 Ma, coeval with extensional unroofing of the footwall, underscores the importance of extreme ductile thinning during crustal hyperextension. The results of this study suggest that early lithospheric‐scale depth‐dependent thinning follows an early phase of diffuse rifting and tectonic subsidence and triggers crustal reheating during early hyperextension. Continued extension results in rapid exhumation and cooling of the lower crust, extreme crustal attenuation, and mantle exhumation followed by relaxation to a steady state thermal field coeval with the start of seafloor spreading.
Public Attitudes on the Ethics of Deceptively Planting False Memories to Motivate Healthy Behavior
Authors: Nash Robert A. , Berkowitz Shari R. , Roche Simon
Published: September 2016

Researchers have proposed that planting false memories could have positive behavioral consequences. The idea of deceptively planting ‘beneficial’ false memories outside of the laboratory raises important ethical questions, but how might the general public appraise this moral dilemma? In two studies, participants from the USA and UK read about a fictional ‘false‐memory therapy’ that led people to adopt healthy behaviors. Participants then reported their attitudes toward the acceptability of this therapy, via scale‐rating (both studies) and open‐text (study 2) responses. The data revealed highly divergent responses to this contentious issue, ranging from abject horror to unqualified enthusiasm. Moreover, the responses shed light on conditions that participants believed would make the therapy less or more ethical. Whether or not deceptively planting memories outside the lab could ever be justifiable, these studies add valuable evidence to scientific and societal debates on neuroethics, whose relevance to memory science is increasingly acute. Copyright © 2016 The AuthorsApplied Cognitive PsychologyPublished by John Wiley & Sons Ltd.
Epidermal Supercapacitor with High Performance
Authors: Luan Pingshan , Zhang Nan , Zhou Weiya , Niu Zhiqiang , Zhang Qiang , Cai Le , Zhang Xiao , Yang Feng , Fan Qingxia , Zhou Wenbin , Xiao Zhuojian , Gu Xiaogang , Chen Huiliang , Li Kewei , Xiao Shiqi , Wang Yanchun , Liu Huaping , Xie Sishen
Published: September 2016

Recent development in epidermal and bionic electronics systems has promoted the increasing demand for supercapcacitors with micrometer‐thickness and good compatibility. Here, a highly flexible free‐standing epidermal supercapacitor (SC‐E) with merely 1 μm thickness and high performance is developed. Single‐walled carbon nanotube/poly(3,4‐ethylenedioxythiophene) hybrid films with unique inner‐connected reticulation are adopted as electrodes for ultrathin structure and high electric conductivity. Then, based on two substrates with different surface energies, a stepwise lift‐off method is presented to peel off the ultrathin integrated supercapacitor from the substrates nondestructively. As a result of the high conductive hybrid electrodes and the thin electrolyte layer, the as‐designed supercapacitors (based on the total mass of two electrodes) achieve a good capacitance of 56 F g−1 and a superhigh power density of 332 kW kg−1, which manifest superior performance in contrast to the other devices fabricated by traditional electrodes. Meanwhile, the ultrashort response time of 11.5 ms enables the epidermal supercapacitor (SC‐E) work for high‐power units. More importantly, the free‐standing structure and outstanding flexibility (105 times bending) endow the SC‐E with excellent compatibility to be integrated and work in the next generation of smart and epidermal systems.
Measurements and Comparison to Predictions of Viscosity of Heavily Filled HDPE with Natural Fibers
Authors: Polychronopoulos Nickolas D. , Charlton Zach , Suwanda Dedo , Vlachopoulos John
Published: September 2016

Composites of rice hulls at various levels of loadings in recycled HDPE were characterized rheologically using a conical extrusion die and small amplitude oscillatory shear (SAOS) measurements. Although the results do not match, due to the invalidity of the Cox–Merz rule for such composites, both types of measurements indicate that increasing the filler concentration results in significantly higher viscosities and increased shear thinning. The errors associated with the use of a conical die due to viscous dissipation are assessed through computer simulations. They are small for relatively small throughputs (small pressure drops). The experimental results for viscosity are compared to predictions of the Einstein–Batchelor equation for suspensions of spherical particles, the Guth–Simha equation, and the empirical Krieger–Dougherty correlation, for filler loadings of up to 70% by weight. The comparison indicates that reasonable approximations of the consistency index of the power law viscosity model are possible through using the above expressions for loadings up to perhaps 40–50% by weight.
One‐dimensional TiO2 Nanotube Photocatalysts for Solar Water Splitting
Authors: Ge Mingzheng , Li Qingsong , Cao Chunyan , Huang Jianying , Li Shuhui , Zhang Songnan , Chen Zhong , Zhang Keqin , Al‐Deyab Salem S. , Lai Yuekun
Published: September 2016

Hydrogen production from water splitting by photo/photoelectron‐catalytic process is a promising route to solve both fossil fuel depletion and environmental pollution at the same time. Titanium dioxide (TiO2) nanotubes have attracted much interest due to their large specific surface area and highly ordered structure, which has led to promising potential applications in photocatalytic degradation, photoreduction of CO2, water splitting, supercapacitors, dye‐sensitized solar cells, lithium‐ion batteries and biomedical devices. Nanotubes can be fabricated via facile hydrothermal method, solvothermal method, template technique and electrochemical anodic oxidation. In this report, we provide a comprehensive review on recent progress of the synthesis and modification of TiO2 nanotubes to be used for photo/photoelectro‐catalytic water splitting. The future development of TiO2 nanotubes is also discussed.
Mixed Phase Solid‐State Plastic Crystal Electrolytes Based on a Phosphonium Cation for Sodium Devices
Authors: Makhlooghiazad Faezeh , Gunzelmann Daniel , Hilder Matthias , MacFarlane Douglas R. , Armand Michel , Howlett Patrick C. , Forsyth Maria
Published: September 2016

Na batteries are seen as a feasible alternative technology to lithium ion batteries due to the greater abundance of sodium and potentially similar electrochemical behavior. In this work, mixed phase electrolyte materials based on solid‐state compositions of a trimethylisobutylphosphonium (P111i4) bis(trifluromethanesulphonyl)amide (NTf2) organic ionic plastic crystal (OIPC) and high concentration of NaNTf2 that support safe, sodium metal electrochemistry are demonstrated. A Na symmetric cell can be cycled efficiently, even in the solid state (at 50 °C and 60 °C), for a 25 mol% (P111i4NTf2)–75 mol% NaNTf2 composition at 0.1 mA cm−2 for 100 cycles. Thus, these mixed phase materials can be potentially used in Na‐based devices under moderate temperature conditions. It is also investigated that the phase behavior, conductivity, and electrochemical properties of mixtures of NaNTf2 with this OIPC. It is observed that these mixtures have complex phase behavior. For high compositions of the Na salt, the materials are solid at room temperature and retain a soft solid consistency even at 50 °C with remarkably high conductivity, approaching that of the pure ionic liquid at 50 °C, i.e., 10−3–10−2 S cm−1.
An approach for drag correction based on the local heterogeneity for gas–solid flows
Authors: Li Tingwen , Wang Limin , Rogers William , Zhou Guofeng , Ge Wei
Published: September 2016

The drag models typically used for gas–solids interaction are mainly developed based on homogeneous systems of flow passing fixed particle assembly. It has been shown that the heterogeneous structures, i.e., clusters and bubbles in fluidized beds, need to be resolved to account for their effect in the numerical simulations. Since the heterogeneity is essentially captured through the local concentration gradient in the computational cells, this study proposes a simple approach to account for the non‐uniformity of solids spatial distribution inside a computational cell and its effect on the interaction between gas and solid phases. To validate this approach, the predicted drag coefficient has been compared to the results from direct numerical simulations. In addition, the need to account for this type of heterogeneity is discussed for a periodic riser flow simulation with highly resolved numerical grids and the impact of the proposed correction for drag is demonstrated. © 2016 American Institute of Chemical Engineers AIChE J, 63: 1203–1212, 2017