bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Application of Training Technology in the Development of Key Competencies of Management Personnel
Authors: Balganova E. , Andreeva E.
Published: November 2021

The article is devoted to the application of training technologies in the development of key competencies of management personnel. Based on the generalization of domestic and foreign studies, the essence, structure and modern models of key competencies of managerial personnel are presented. The article offers an approach to the development and implementation of the author's training program aimed at the development of these competencies. The authors paid special attention to determining the level of results achieved by the training participants, as well as evaluating its effectiveness. A program for evaluating the effectiveness of the use of training technologies in the system of developing key competencies of management personnel is also proposed. The practical significance of this program lies in the fact that its use makes it possible to increase the accuracy and reliability of evaluating the effectiveness of training activities and thereby create conditions for improving the effectiveness of personnel development management.
AN IMAGE BASED INERTIAL IMPACT TEST TO EXTRACT VISCOELASTIC CONSTITUTIVE PARAMETERS
Authors: MATEJUNAS ANDREW , FLETCHER LLOYD , LAMBERSON LESLIE
Published: November 2021

Polymer matrix composites often exhibit a strong strain rate dependance in their mechanical response. In many of these materials, the viscoelastic behavior of the polymer matrix drives the rate dependence in the composite, however identifying these parameters at high strain rate presents a significant challenge. Common high-rate material characterization techniques such as the Kolsky (split-Hopkinson pressure) bar require a large test matrix across a range of strain rates. Kolsky bars also struggle to identify constitutive parameters prior to the yield due to inertial effects and the finite period of time required to reach force equilibrium. The Image Based Inertial Impact (IBII) test has been successfully used to identify linear elastic constitutive behavior of composites at high strain rates, but, to date, has only been used to extract constitutive properties at a single nominal strain rate in each test. Here, we propose an adaptation of the IBII test to identify viscoelastic parameters at high strain rates using full-field displacement data and the nonlinear virtual fields method (VFM). We validate the technique with finite element simulations of an IBII test on a model viscoelastic material that is characterized with a Prony series formulation of the generalized Maxwell model. The nonlinear VFM is then used to extract the Prony pairs for dynamic moduli and time constants from the full-field deformation data. The nonlinear viscoelastic identification allows for characterization of the evolution of mechanical response across a range of strain rates in a single experiment. The experimentally identified viscoelastic parameters of the matrix can then be used to predict the behavior of the composite at high strain rates. This approach will also be validated experimentally using a single-stage gas-gun to characterize the high-rate viscoelastic response of PMMA.
STABILIZATION OF TUFF MATERIAL BY ELECTROSPINNING OF LOW AREAL WEIGHT TPU VEIL MATERIAL
Authors: DEITZEL JOSEPH , HEIDER DIRK , CRANE ROGER , OZDEMIR TEKIN
Published: November 2021

The Tailored Universal Feedstock for Forming (TuFF) material is an aligned, discontinuous carbon fiber material with high fiber volume fraction up to 63% and mechanical performance equivalent to continuous fiber, unidirectional composites. The short fiber material allows at least 40% in-plane extension during processing enabling metal-like forming approaches simplifying composites manufacturing significantly. Traditionally, TuFF preforms are produced at areal weight (AW) of ~8 grams per square meter (gsm), stacked and impregnated with thermoset or thermoplastic polymer to create prepreg followed by curing/consolidation in an autoclave or stamp forming process resulting in high-performance structural parts. Here, the impregnated TuFF prepreg can be handled the same way as traditional continuous fiber prepreg. In contrast, to enable liquid composite molding (LCM) processes with TuFF material, the unimpregnated (dry) short fiber TuFF preforms must be stabilized for handling and preforming purposes. This paper details an electrospun veil approach as shown in Figure 1 to stabilize the individual TuFF sheets while maintaining the in-plane extensibility for complex geometry parts. Electrospun TPU fibers are applied onto the TuFF surface and then consolidated via a combination of heating and pressure, formingtrials were carried out using the stabilized preforms and composites werefabricated using LCM. Tensile tests show ~90-95% property retention versus theunstabilized baseline. The approach allows fabrication of stabilized TuFF fabricsfor the first time enabling the use of LCM processes for complex geometry parts.
PROGRESS ON THE DEVELOPMENT OF SHAPE-MEMORY-ALLOY METACOMPOSITES
Authors: MILOSAVLJEVIC DUSAN , ZHANG QIANLONG , MOSENEDER MARCO , ZHU HONGFEI , LECIS NORA , CINQUEMANI SIMONE , SEMPERLOTTI FABIO
Published: November 2021

Shape memory alloys (SMA) have long been explored as a semi-passive approach to mechanical energy dissipation particularly, but not exclusively, for application to vibration control. More recently, the integration of SMAs in composite materials has opened the opportunity to synthesize tunable composite structures exhibiting significantly enhanced energy dissipation characteristics and a certain degree of adaptability to different operating conditions. Despite the significant progress in the development and manufacturing of SMAs over the past several decades, the cost of common Ni-based alloys has remained an important factor hindering their widespread engineering application. The long-term goal of this research effort is to model, design, and fabricate shape-memory-alloy (SMA) meta-composites employing lower volume fractions of a more affordable Cu-based alloy, while still enabling enhanced and tunable dynamic properties. This paper summarizes recent progress in the development of the meta-composite platform and focuses on aspects involving both numerical modeling and fabrication of SMA materials. On the modeling side, particular emphasis is given to assess the ability to tune the dynamic performance of continuous SMA structures by exploiting the different phases and transformations of the alloy. On the other side, the material development effort focuses on the identification of the optimal chemical composition, mechanical and heat treatment processes. A combination of numerical and experimental results is presented to illustrate capabilities and opportunities presented by this material platform.
ANALYZING THE MECHANICAL PROPERTIES OF THERMOPLASTIC REINFORCED WITH NATURAL FIBERS
Authors: THANKI NIDHI M. , HENDERSON ABIGAIL , FEHRENBACH JOE , ULVEN CHAD , AMIRI ALI
Published: November 2021

Synthetic fibers such as glass, carbon, etc., are used as reinforcement in polymer composites due to their high strength and modulus. However, synthetic fibers contribute to high costs and have a significant environmental impact. To overcome this challenge, various natural fibers, including banana, kenaf, coir, bamboo, hemp, and sisal fiber, as reinforced in a polymer matrix are investigated for mechanical properties. In this study, biocomposites with natural fibers as reinforced are developed and characterized. Treated and untreated natural fibers such as flax, maple, and pine as reinforced in thermoplastic, in this study, polypropylene (PP), are investigated for the mechanical properties, including tensile, flexural, and impact test. Mechanical test results exhibited that adding the natural fibers enhanced the tensile, flexural, and impact properties. It can be inferred that these biocomposites can be used as potential materials for the automobile industry.
FINITE ELEMENT ANALYSIS FOR TEXTILE COMPOSITES USING FIBER-BUNDLES/MATRIX-RESIN SEPARATED MESH
Authors: YOSHIMURA AKINORI , IWATA KENJI , GOTO KEITA , ARAI MASAHIRO
Published: November 2021

This paper proposes a finite element modeling method for textile composite, in which fiber bundle and matrix resin are separately meshed, and they are connected by using discontinuous Galerkin (DG) method. The fiber bundle geometry is often complex in the textile composite. In the conventional FEM, it causes small, distorted resin elements surrounded by the fiber bundles, because the resin must be meshed along the fiber bundle geometry. These distorted elements result in the increased effort to meshing, computing cost, and degraded accuracy. In the proposed method, we apply the DG method to the 3-dimensional analysis of the textile composite. DG method is a method which can connect two separately divided meshes in the FEM. The method proposed in this paper has a distinct advantage, because matrix resin has not to be meshed along the fiber bundle geometry. Moreover, regular cubic grid mesh can be used for matrix resin. In the present paper, the formulation of the DG method is presented first. The method and results of the microscopic stress analysis for textile composite is then described. The results agree well with those of conventional FEM, and validity of the proposed method is demonstrated.
Apropriação de imóveis abandonados como instrumento de planejamento nos planos diretores urbanos e de eficiência social no uso de recursos públicos
Authors: Dantas Gomes Illana Cristina , De Moraes Braga Junior Sérgio Alexandre
Published: November 2021

O objetivo do artigo é analisar a apropriação de imóveis abandonados à luz da função social da propriedade urbana, a sua destinação para fins de interesse público ou social, nos termos expostos no artigo 1.276 do Código Civil, e a sua incorporação como instrumento de planejamento nos Planos Diretores Urbanos. Verificou-se, a partir de pesquisa qualitativa e quantitativa e método de abordagem dialético-dedutivo, dados oficiais quanto ao déficit de moradia e o número imóveis abandonados no Brasil, e a existência de instrumento e procedimento próprios nos Planos Diretores Urbanos das capitais brasileiras. Como resultados, apenas as capitais São Paulo/SP e Vitória/ES possuíam instrumento próprio, legitimando o poder público municipal a se apropriar desses imóveis. Conclui-se que a apropriação de imóveis abandonados possa aumentar a eficiência no uso de recursos públicos com habitação social, aluguel social, imóveis para prestação de serviços públicos e como instrumento preferencial ao direito de preempção em imóveis com valor histórico, esperando-se que nas revisões dos Planos Diretores municipais o instrumento seja incorporado, em razão do procedimento previsto na Lei Federal Nº 13.465/2017.
A Segunda Conferência das Nações Unidas sobre Assentamentos Humanos: dos preparativos às alterações na legislação brasileira - parte II
Authors: Brito Beatriz Duarte Correa de , Mastrodi Josué
Published: November 2021

Esse artigo tem por objetivo analisar a legislação federal brasileira sobre direito à moradia, publicada entre 1996 e 2016, verificando se houve influência da Declaração de Istambul, documento final da Segunda Conferência das Nações Unidas sobre Assentamentos Humanos (Habitat II). Após a análise do déficit habitacional brasileiro e do estudo sobre a Habitat II e seu documento final (Parte I), foi realizada uma pesquisa no portal de internet do governo federal (website do Planalto), utilizando os termos ‘moradia’ e ‘habitação’. Dentre as normas filtradas pela pesquisa, 34 normas refletirem princípios e metas da Habitat II, porém somente o Estatuto da Cidade faz referência direta à Conferência.
A liberdade de ensino, a pluralidade de concepções pedagógicas e o conteúdo político da educação
Authors: Rohling Marcos , Valle Ione Ribeiro
Published: November 2021

Pretende-se, neste texto, discutir os princípios constitucionais educacionais da liberdade de ensino e da pluralidade de ideias e concepções pedagógicas e o conteúdo político da educação a partir da Constituição de 1988. Com base na análise bibliográfica e documental, o artigo será, assim, estruturado em quatro partes: (i) na primeira parte, busca-se discutir a educação como um direito de natureza social que guarda conexão com as diferentes liberdades fundamentais; (ii) na segunda parte dando proseguimento, discorre-se sobre os princípios constitucionais educacionais, sobretudo, a respeito da liberdade de ensino e do pluralismo de concepções e ideias pedagógicas; (iii) na terceira parte, explora-se o conteúdo político da educação nacional a partir da Constituição de 1988; e, (iv) finalmente, na quarta parte, como desdobramento desta última, relaciona-se o conteúdo político da educação com a liberdade de ensino, de forma a se defender que, no interior das instituições de ensino, não se preceda das discussões críticas a respeito da cultura política necessárias à participação dos educandos na vida pública como cidadãos.
Consequencialismo, pragmatismo e análise econômica do direito: semelhanças, diferenças e alguns equívocos
Authors: Araujo Thiago Cardoso , Ferreira Jr. Fernando , Montenegro Lucas Dos Reis
Published: November 2021

O direito brasileiro se depara, hoje, com uma tendência de importação de teorias como o consequencialismo, o pragmatismo e a Análise Econômica do Direito. O objetivo deste artigo é avaliar qual é a narrativa que as referidas novas teorias tomam no cenário nacional, de modo que se entenda suas principais categorias e que elas não sejam deturpadas em uma eventual antropofagia – a deglutição de teorias estrangeiras, e o seu refazimento à brasileira. Para tal, delimita os conceitos referentes a tais teorias, bem como explicita a forma como elas vêm sendo usadas no Brasil.
O Despotismo na Democracia Moderna
Authors: Mendes Lima Paula Gabriela
Published: November 2021

Este texto visa compreender o termo despotismo democrático cunhado por Alexis de Tocqueville, pois além de se tratar de um termo fundamental para a compreensão do pensamento tocquevilliano e é uma categoria política importante para apreendermos melhor a experiência política de nosso tempo. Aposta-se que a semântica do despotismo democrático pode ser apreendida numa perspectiva singular a partir da análise do filósofo sobre a doutrina do interesse, considerando que esse despotismo de “espécie” nova é o resultado da ausência da articulação entre o interesse privado e o bem comum.
A vontade nacional na filosofia de Condorcet
Authors: Reis Patricia Carvalho
Published: November 2021

Neste artigo, analisaremos o significado da expressão “vontade nacional” no pensamento de Condorcet. Para isso, identificaremos as passagens em que o filósofo emprega esse termo e faremos uma interpretação do seu sentido. Ademais, exporemos alguns modos nos quais a vontade nacional pode aparecer nas obras desse autor. Como o iluminista esclarece, duas formas de a vontade nacional surgir sâo estas: quando os cidadãos interagem com os representantes na elaboração das leis ordinárias e, também, quando cidadãos e representantes participam da feitura da Constituição. Por fim, verificaremos as semelhanças e as diferenças entre as expressões “vontade nacional” em Condorcet e “vontade geral” em Rousseau.
Which method of renal replacement therapy is best for patients with acute kidney injury in intensive care?
Authors: Hoskins Toby , Pearmain Brendan , Carle Coralie
Published: November 2021

There are several methods of renal replacement therapy but none has a definitive survival benefit in patients with acute kidney injury. This article discusses the advantages and disadvantages of continuous and intermittent renal replacement for patients with acute kidney injury.
Detection and Identification of Plant Growth Promoting Bacteria from Sorghum (Sorghum bicolor L. Moench) Rhizosphere Soil in Northern Ethiopia
Authors: Babiye Birhanu , Meressa Beira H. , Tessema Taye
Published: November 2021

Plant growth promoting rhizobacteria are the bacteria which subsist inside and outside of the plant tissue and promote plant growth through direct or indirect mechanisms. To increase sorghum production and productivity we utilize herbicides and chemical fertilizers to overcome sorghum production constraints, but those chemicals have negative side effects. The current study was conducted with the objective of isolation of PGPR from sorghum rhizosphere and screening for primary growth related trait, evaluation of potential PGPR at greenhouse for sorghum growth performance and identify through biochemical characterization. So that, in this study a total of 117 plant growth promoting rhizobacteria were isolated from the rhizosphere of 12 sorghum (Sorghum bicolor L. Moench) genotype by cultivating using 3 collected soil samples from the northern part of Ethiopia (Amhara and Tigray regional states) in greenhouse. Isolated bacteria were screened for primary growth promoting traits such as phosphate solubilization test, IAA production test at different concentration of L-tryptophan and ammonia production test. From the isolated bacteria 28% solubilized Phosphorous, 78% produced IAA at different concentration of tryptophan. The greatest IAA production was scored at 100 mg/L of tryptophan and the lowest production of IAA was scored at 150 mg/L of tryptophan, 69% of isolated bacteria produced ammonia. Hence, 15% of isolated bacteria fulfilled the above primary screening test and used for further greenhouse evaluation. Accordingly, eighteen bacteria were tested for greenhouse experiment using completely randomized design and all 18 isolates were significantly increased all the agronomic parameter as compared to the control such as plant shoot height, plant shoot fresh and dry weight, root length, root fresh and dry weight at p < 0.01 and P ≤ 0.001. Two isolates G6E29 and G4E19 had significantly increased all the parameter but two isolates (G12E19 and G3E40) were statistically non-significant for root fresh weight compared to the control. These 18 potential isolates were characterized morphologically and biochemically. Eight isolates were grouped at Pseudomonas genera. Six isolates were grouped at Azotobacter and the rest four isolates were grouped at Bacillus genera. Thus, the use of plant growth promoting rhizosphere bacteria could be useful to improve sorghum production and productivity. However, further molecular identification and evaluation of the isolates exhibiting multiple plant growths promoting traits on plant-microbe interaction for economic crop of Ethiopia is needed to uncover their efficacy as effective plant growth promoting rhizosphere bacteria.
Effect of Extract of Uria Picta Jacq. on Experimentally Induced Hypertension in Wistar Rats
Authors: Udvant Pavan Bhausaheb , Khairnar Shubham Jagdish , Jadhav Ghansham Balakrishn , Sable Rahul Ramakant , Arprit Mourya Krishnakumar
Published: November 2021

ABSTRACT: Many allopathic medicines demand to remedy for hypertension but fail to fulfill the purpose, because of side effects and high cost. Herbal medicine does not cause side effects and natural herbs are completely safe. Rational and purpose of this study was to see how effective Uraria picta. Jacq. (U.P) extract was on experimentally induced hypertension in rats. The purpose of this research was to explore if U. Picta could be utilized as a curative or preventative medicine, as well as to investigate U. Picta possible toxicity in these animals. Blood pressure was elevated by Angiotensin II (150 ug/kg, i.p) in rats that is hypertensive condition. Animals were divided into groups as follow Group I (control) - vehicle, Group II Angiotensin II (150µgkg), Group III Angiotensin II extract low dose (100mgkg), Group IV-Angiotensin II extract middle dose (200mgkg), Group V-Angiotensin II extract (400mg/kg), Group VI – (Angiotensin II Telmisartan0.8mg/kg). and dosed as per protocol. Blood pressure was monitored with the noninvasive techniques (NIBP) using Power lab (AD instrument) Australia. Effect of extracts was studied on various oxidative stress markers like SOD, CAT, LOP and NO. as per observation extract of U. picta of high dose (400mg/kg BW p.o) had shown significant alteration in endogenous antioxidant entities i.e., SOD, CAT, LPO and also reduced NO level indicate antioxidant property of U. Picta. Same of above dose also reduced blood pressure and ACE level. So, from the above outcome we can consider that U.Picta extract may be having antioxidant and antihypertensive activity.
Discrete Laplacian deconvolution for differential interference contrast microscopy
Authors: Hammond David , Breitenstein Scott , Prahl Scott
Published: November 2021

We describe the discrete Laplacian deconvolution (DLD) method for reconstructing an image from its directional derivatives in multiple directions. The DLD models the derivative measurements as discrete convolutions and efficiently computes the ridge regression or the pseudoinverse estimate of the underlying image using the fast Fourier transform. We apply the method to differential interference contrast (DIC) microscopy, and show that under certain conditions, our proposed method is equivalent to the spiral phase integration (SPI) method. Unlike the SPI method, the DLD method can be used with more than two gradient measurement images. We illustrate the use of DLD on both simulated and empirical DIC images, demonstrating image reconstruction performance improvements from using multiple gradient images.
Self-Service-Portale für das IT-Service-Request-Management: Identifikation relevanter Use-Cases
Authors: Floerecke Sebastian
Published: November 2021

Unternehmen sind im Rahmen ihrer Digitalisierungsvorhaben vermehrt auf der Suche nach einem ihrer IT-Service-Management(ITSM)-Software-Suite ergänzenden Self-Service-Portal. Damit sollen sich Mitarbeiter über die im Service-Katalog enthaltenen IT-Services informieren und eigenständig unterschiedliche Service-Request-Arten auslösen können. Die Self-Service-Portal-Auswahl und -Einführung stellen Unternehmen jedoch vielfach vor eine Herausforderung. Als Gründe gelten insbesondere die hohe Komplexität von ITSM-Software-Suiten, deren vielschichtige Verzahnung innerhalb der Unternehmensarchitektur und der große, intransparente Tool-Markt. Zudem weisen die erhältlichen Self-Service-Portale im Standard gegenwärtig mehrheitlich einen relativ niedrigen Reifegrad auf. Die Forschung befindet sich im Bereich der Self-Service-Portale im Allgemeinen und bezüglich deren notwendigem Funktionsumfang im Besonderen noch relativ am Anfang und trägt somit wenig zur Problemlösung bei. Vor diesem Hintergrund geht vorliegender Beitrag im Rahmen einer explorativen Einzelfallstudie innerhalb eines Großunternehmens der Frage nach, welche Use-Cases (Service-Request-Typen) ein Self-Service-Portal abbilden sollte. Zentrales Ergebnis ist ein aus 16 Use-Cases bestehender Katalog, der als Referenz gleichermaßen für anbietende und einführende Unternehmen dienen kann. Der Beitrag zeigt, dass Mitarbeiter vielfältige Anliegen haben, die weit über die Neubestellung und Kündigung von IT-Services hinausgehen. Diesem Umstand sollte ein Self-Service-Portal gerecht werden.
Cluster size distribution of cells disseminating from a primary tumor
Authors: Mukherjee Mrinmoy , Levine Herbert
Published: November 2021

The first stage of the metastatic cascade often involves motile cells emerging from a primary tumor either as single cells or as clusters. These cells enter the circulation, transit to other parts of the body and finally are responsible for growth of secondary tumors in distant organs. The mode of dissemination is believed to depend on the EMT nature (epithelial, hybrid or mesenchymal) of the cells. Here, we calculate the cluster size distribution of these migrating cells, using a mechanistic computational model, in presence of different degree of EMT-ness of the cells; EMT is treated as given rise to changes in their active motile forces (μ) and cell-medium surface tension (Γ). We find that, for (μ > μmin, Γ > 1), when the cells are hybrid in nature, the mean cluster size, N ¯ ∼ Γ 2 . 0 / μ 2 . 8, where μmin increases with increase in Γ. For Γ ≤ 0, N ¯ = 1, the cells behave as completely mesenchymal. In presence of spectrum of hybrid states with different degree of EMT-ness (motility) in primary tumor, the cells which are relatively more mesenchymal (higher μ) in nature, form larger clusters, whereas the smaller clusters are relatively more epithelial (lower μ). Moreover, the heterogeneity in μ is comparatively higher for smaller clusters with respect to that for larger clusters. We also observe that more extended cell shapes promote the formation of smaller clusters. Overall, this study establishes a framework which connects the nature and size of migrating clusters disseminating from a primary tumor with the phenotypic composition of the tumor, and can lead to the better understanding of metastasis.
IgG3 and IL10 are effective biomarkers for monitoring therapeutic effectiveness in Post Kala-Azar Dermal Leishmaniasis
Authors: Sengupta Shilpa , Chatterjee Mitali
Published: November 2021

Background

The assessment of chemotherapeutic responses in Post Kala-azar Dermal Leishmaniasis (PKDL), especially its macular form is challenging, emphasizing the necessity for ‘test of cure’ tools. This study explored the diagnostic and prognostic potential of IgG subclasses and associated cytokines for monitoring the effectiveness of chemotherapy in PKDL.

Methods

Participants included PKDL cases at (a) disease presentation, (b) immediately at the end of treatment (12 weeks for Miltefosine or 3 weeks for Liposomal Amphotericin B, LAmB and (c) at any time point 6 months later, for estimating anti-leishmanial immunoglobulin (Ig, IgG, IgM, IgG1, IgG2 and IgG3) and cytokines (IL-10, IL-6).

Results

In PKDL, Ig levels were elevated, with IgG3 and IL-10 being the major contributors. Miltefosine decreased both markers substantially and this decrease was sustained for at least six months. In contrast, LAmB failed to decrease IgG3 and IL-10, as even after six months, their levels remained unchanged or even increased.

Conclusions

In PKDL, IgG3 and IL-10 proved to be effective predictors of responsiveness to chemotherapy and may be considered as a non invasive alternative for longitudinal monitoring.
High incidence of Trypanosoma cruzi infections in dogs directly detected through longitudinal tracking at 10 multi-dog kennels, Texas, USA
Authors: Busselman Rachel E. , Meyers Alyssa C. , Zecca Italo B. , Auckland Lisa D. , Castro Andres H. , Dowd Rebecca E. , Curtis-Robles Rachel , Hodo Carolyn L. , Saunders Ashley B. , Hamer Sarah A.
Published: November 2021

Canine Chagas disease, caused by the protozoan parasiteTrypanosoma cruzi, is increasingly recognized as a health concern for dogs in the USA, and infected dogs may signal geographic regions of risk for human disease. Dogs living in multi-dog kennel environments (kennels with more than one dog) where triatomine vectors are endemic may be at high risk for infection. We monitored a cohort of 64T.cruzi-infected and uninfected dogs across 10 kennels in Texas, USA, to characterize changes in infection status over one year. We used robust diagnostic criteria in which reactivity on multiple independent platforms was required to be considered positive. Among the 30 dogs enrolled as serologically- and/or PCR-positive, all but one dog showed sustained positiveT.cruzidiagnostic results over time. Among the 34 dogs enrolled as serologically- and PCR-negative, 10 newT.cruziinfections were recorded over a 12-month period. The resulting incidence rate for dogs initially enrolled asT.cruzi-negative was 30.7T.cruziinfections per 100 dogs per year. This study highlights the risk ofT.cruziinfection to dogs in kennel environments. To protect both dog and human health, there is an urgent need to develop more integrated vector control methods as well as prophylactic and curative antiparasitic treatment options forT.cruziinfection in dogs.
Community violence and academic achievement: High-crime neighborhoods, hotspot streets, and the geographic scale of “community”
Authors: O’Brien Daniel T. , Hill Nancy E. , Contreras Mariah
Published: November 2021

Numerous studies have demonstrated a negative relationship between community violence and youth academic achievement, but they have varied in their geographic definition of “community,” especially as it relates to proximity to students’ residences. We extend this by considering the independent relationships between academic achievement and violent events (from 911 dispatches; e.g., gun shots) at the neighborhood (i.e., census tract) and street-block levels. We use data from standardized Math and English Language Arts (ELA) tests from Boston, MA for 2011–2013. Exposure to community violence was partially independent between streets and tracts, with some students living on low-crime streets in high-crime neighborhoods or high-crime streets in low-crime neighborhoods. Initial regression models found that differences in a neighborhood’s violent crime predicted up to a 3% difference in test scores on both Math and ELA tests. Students living on high-crime streets scored an additional 1% lower than neighbors on safer streets. Subsequent models with student-level fixed effects, however, eliminated these relationships, except for the effect of neighborhood-level violence on Math scores. These findings suggest that future work should consider community violence at both geographic scales, but that in this case the impacts were only consistent at the neighborhood level and associations at the street level were seemingly due to spatial segregation of households.
Financial constraints, government subsidies, and corporate innovation
Authors: Li Qi , Wang Jiaojiao , Cao Guohua , Zhang Jing
Published: November 2021

To investigate the relationships between financial constraints, government subsidies, and corporate innovation, a semi-logarithmic fixed-effect panel model and mediation effect test were applied, based on the data of Chinese listed companies from 2007 to 2017. We find that (1) financial constraints suppress corporate innovation. (2) Government subsidies are targeted at bailing out firms facing financial constraints. (3) Government subsidies promote corporate innovation (4) Government subsidies partially offset the suppression of financial constraints on innovation. We contribute to the fields of public finance, corporate finance, and corporate innovation by: (1) justifying the government subsidies target strategy as a bailout of corporate financial constraints, (2) verifying the corporate-innovation promotion of government subsidies, thus justifying the efficiency of government subsidies, and (3) showing that different types of innovation benefit differently from subsidies, thus justifying subsidies as a structural innovation engine.
A single amino acid polymorphism in a conserved effector of the multihost blast fungus pathogen expands host-target binding spectrum
Authors: Bentham Adam R. , Petit-Houdenot Yohann , Win Joe , Chuma Izumi , Terauchi Ryohei , Banfield Mark J. , Kamoun Sophien , Langner Thorsten
Published: November 2021

Accelerated gene evolution is a hallmark of pathogen adaptation and specialization following host-jumps. However, the molecular processes associated with adaptive evolution between host-specific lineages of a multihost plant pathogen remain poorly understood. In the blast fungus Magnaporthe oryzae (Syn. Pyricularia oryzae), host specialization on different grass hosts is generally associated with dynamic patterns of gain and loss of virulence effector genes that tend to define the distinct genetic lineages of this pathogen. Here, we unravelled the biochemical and structural basis of adaptive evolution of APikL2, an exceptionally conserved paralog of the well-studied rice-lineage specific effector AVR-Pik. Whereas AVR-Pik and other members of the six-gene AVR-Pik family show specific patterns of presence/absence polymorphisms between grass-specific lineages of M. oryzae, APikL2 stands out by being ubiquitously present in all blast fungus lineages from 13 different host species. Using biochemical, biophysical and structural biology methods, we show that a single aspartate to asparagine polymorphism expands the binding spectrum of APikL2 to host proteins of the heavy-metal associated (HMA) domain family. This mutation maps to one of the APikL2-HMA binding interfaces and contributes to an altered hydrogen-bonding network. By combining phylogenetic ancestral reconstruction with an analysis of the structural consequences of allelic diversification, we revealed a common mechanism of effector specialization in the AVR-Pik/APikL2 family that involves two major HMA-binding interfaces. Together, our findings provide a detailed molecular evolution and structural biology framework for diversification and adaptation of a fungal pathogen effector family following host-jumps.
Mudanças no método de avaliação do Colégio Militar de Brasília na visão dos professores
Authors: Prado Carolina Conceição , Pires Mariana Leal , Maciel Jordach Magalhães
Published: November 2021

A avaliação permite que o professor aquilate o desenvolvimento do aluno, servindo-lhe também de referência para melhorias e regulações no processo de ensino-aprendizagem. No Colégio Militar de Brasília – CMB, no ano de 2003, foi adotado um modelo de avaliação discente com situações problema. Em 2015, o modelo foi modificado e passou a ser mais subjetivo e contextualizado. O objetivo deste estudo foi analisar as mudanças na forma de avaliação do CMB, sob a ótica dos professores. Participaram da pesquisa qualitativa 40 docentes do ensino médio. Pôde-se verificar melhorias no desempenho somativo e cognitivo dos alunos, valorizando o modelo de avaliação de 2015 a (...) em relação ao anterior, que durara de 2003 a 2014. Assim, afere-se que, para o êxito de metodologia avaliativa baseada em contextualização, é necessária uma formação continuada dos professores, assegurando-se a persistência da qualidade de ensino e priorizando-se o aprimoramento do ensino.
Concept of ‘New Woman’ and Indian Women Fiction Writers
Authors: Gupta Anjana
Published: November 2021

Literature is one of human creativity that has universal meaning as one of the way to communicate each other about the emotional , spiritual and intellectual experiences that needed to build up intellectual and moral knowledge of mankind . A creative writer has the perception and the analytical mind of a sociologist who provides an exact record of human life, society, and social system. Fiction , being the most powerful form of literary expression today, has acquired a prestigious position in Indian literature. Indian women novelists in English and in other vernaculars try their best to deal with , apart from many other things , the pathetic plight of forsaken women who are fated to suffer from birth to death.
Letícia Lanz
Authors: Camarano Pedro Anácio , Santos Tainá Camila dos
Published: November 2021

Tendo como intuito explorar a problemática da questão do sujeito nas análises genealógicas de Michel Foucault, este artigo é parte de um projeto de pesquisa em Análise do Discurso sobre uma estética bajubeira. A partir de enunciados de Leticia Lanz, refletimos sobre as regras de existência que a psicanalista dá a si mesma, fomentando a estilização da vida de acordo com uma ética de existência própria. Tendo como perspectiva teórico-metodológica os estudos discursivos foucaultianos, desenvolveremos a análise com base na História da Sexualidade, que narra formas de práticas de si em diferentes momentos históricos da cultura ocidental. Os resultados apontam para a possibilidade de os sujeitos criarem modos singulares de ser e viver diante dos códigos morais que normatizam as existências.
Vineyard weed control using alternative methods compared to glyphosate-based herbicide
Authors: PAUŠIČ Andrej , LEŠNIK Mario , TURK Nuša
Published: November 2021

In a two-year field experiment, six different weed control methods were studied. The methods were: use of the herbicide glyphosate (GL), use of herbicides based on acetic acid (AA), pelargonic acid (PA) and citrus essential oil (EO), mowing weeds with a thread trimmer (TT) and flaming of weeds with fire (FL). Alternative methods of weed control were significantly less effective than the use of herbicide glyphosate. Due to the lower efficiency of alternative methods, large yield losses have occurred, on average, 31 % at AA, 30.6 % at PA, 22.7 % at EO, 5.4 % at TT and 12.9 % at FL in two years. The cost of carrying out controls with alternative methods was significantly higher than the cost of GL. AA it was higher by 3.2-times, in PA by 7.1-times, in EO by 3.8-times, in TT by 3.8- times and in FL by 5.8-times on average in two years. To achieve a comparable control efficiency of GL, five applications of alternative preparations per year have to be performed, or four times mowing of weeds or five weed flaming operations per year.
Artists play games
Authors: Pitrus Andrzej
Published: November 2021

Andrzej Pitrus discusses complex relationships between the two worlds – art and computer/ games. Numerous artists are looking for inspirations in the world of an interactive entertainment, yet some of them are creating new paths of its development. Some of the artists focus on new and unique interfaces. Others refer to the mechanics of games to create their own interactive works. Bill Viola’s The Night Journey is an excellent example of such project. The author also reviews critical games, which are based on the mechanisms easily found in commercial games. Yet, their goal is to deconstruct them, rather than followig well known tracks. Pitrus examines this strategy in the works of a famous studio “Tale of Tales”.
Re-writing histories of colonization in video games: the case of Elizabeth LaPensée
Authors: Nacher Anna , Jankowski Filip
Published: November 2021

The article is aimed at presentation of the case study in video games creation by Indigenous auteur and designer, Elizabeth LaPensée, which at the same time demonstrates how video games can both mediatize the process of re-writing history and decolonize popular imagination. The analysis of LaPensée’s three games: Invaders, Thunderbird Strikes, and When the Rivers Were Trails to some extent follows her own strategies of self-identification as Anishinabee (Ojibwe). Drawing upon reconfiguration of the auteur theory and the framework of ludostylistics by Astrid Ensslin, we also strive to demonstrate how the notion of a singular author is in fact grounded in collective and collaborative qualities of indigenous digital culture, including digital game design.
Subversive Concepts: Empires and Beyond
Authors: Kuligowski Piotr , Marzec Wiktor
Published: November 2021

“The worst thing one can do with words,” George Orwell once wrote, “is to surrender to them.” One must “let the meaning choose the word, and not the other way,” to use language for “expressing and not forconcealing or preventing thought,” he continued (1953, 169). For centuries, social movements “let the meaning to choose the words” and actively sought new categories to grasp the world. They also expressedthe desire for a new world but often surrendered to words when imagining it. Medieval heretics, French revolutionaries, and various socialist movements on the fringes of the Russian Empire one hundred yearslater, as well as groups like nationalist urban reformers, Muslim modernizers, and democratic antisuffragists–all had to face fossilized concepts that they attempted to question and modify, actively reappropriating them to forge new configurations. They also inherited the existing language and other sign systems, which cannot be modified at will without the risk of losing the capacity to communicate. To paraphrase Karl Marx’s nutshell definition of historical agency, people make use of their concepts but they do not do so as they please; they do not do so under self-selected circumstances but, rather, under the already-existing circumstances given and transmitted in language and social relations.
Making of Modernity in the Vernacular: On the Grassroots Variations of Finnish Socialism in the Early Twentieth Century
Authors: Turunen Risto
Published: November 2021

The article scrutinises the concept of socialism at the grassroots of the Finnish labour movement during the early twentieth history. Primary sources consist of three handwritten newspapers, produced by industrial workers, housemaids and the rural proletariat. While factory workers could adopt the orthodox formulation of socialism from The CommunistManifesto, the socialism of the housemaids had a more existential function for it gave them a political voice to articulate a greater meaning in life that stood in sharp contrast to the silent servility demanded by their mistresses. The concept of socialism gained most explanatory breadth among the rural proletariat in north-eastern Finland, where it was usedas an indicator of inequality locally, as a weapon in national elections and as a direct linkage to the international labour movement. The examples demonstrate that vernacular socialism was more multidimensional than what the contemporary critics and later researchers have suggested. The concept of socialism was one of the main tools in the making of proletarianmodernity: it was used to claim political subjectivity in the public sphere, to imagine a gap between the old world left behind and the new coming world, and to extend their spatial horizons beyond the local community.
Próba utworzenia katedry historii Bizancjum na Uniwersytecie Jana Kazimierza we Lwowie. Przyczynek do dziejów bizantynistyki w Polsce
Authors: Królczyk Krzysztof
Published: November 2021

This text discusses the attempts to create a chair of history of Byzantium at the Jan Kazimierz University in Lwów (today Lviv in Ukraine), in late 1933. After the end of the First World War, no chairs of Byzantine history existed at the universities in Poland. However, when Kazimierz Zakrzewski, a young scholar and expert on the history of late antiquity and Byzantium, came to Lwów, the idea to establish such a chair at the local university was conceived. Professor Edmund Bulanda drafted a special paper in which he justified the need to create a chair of Byzantine history at the Jan Kazimierz University in Lwów. The Council of the Faculty of the Humanities decided to apply to the Ministry of Religious Affairs and Public Education, with a request to have such a department created. Unfortunately, central authorities responded in the negative. Two years later, however, a chair of Byzantine history was created at the University in Warsaw and it was assumed by the very same Kazimierz Zakrzewski. In Lwów (from 1945 officially Lviv) itself, the chair of Byzantine studies was created at the beginning of the 21st century, in the realities of the new Ukrainian state.
Clonal propagation of Eucalyptus urophylla under effect of Cyperus rotundus extract and indole-3-acetic acid
Authors: Santos Matheus Gabriel Modesto , Silva Wesley Costa , Ribeiro Pedro Henrique Pinto , Barretto Vitor Corrêa de Mattos , Rocha Ednaldo Cândido , Oliveira Roberta Camargos , Queiroz Luz José Magno , Arruda Alcione Silva
Published: November 2021

Cyperus rotondus tubers possess substances with allelopathic qualities. Some of these substances can act as synergists of plant hormones and be used for root induction in cuttings. This study aimed to shed light on the development and rooting of Eucalyptus urophylla cuttings treated with C. rotondus (nutgrass) tuber extract and IAA (indole-3-acetic acid). The experiments were conducted using a completely randomized design (0; 25; 50; 75 and 100% nutgrass extract and 0; 50; 250; 500; 750 and 1000 mg L-1 of IAA), with four repetitions per treatment and four cuttings per plot. Plantlet height, stem width and root length were measured. The greatest width and height values were recorded for the control (0% nutgrass extract and 0 mg L-1 of IAA), indicating that these substances did not contribute to the development of these variables. However, treatments of nutgrass extract up to 50% were associated with greater root length. C. rotundus extract concentrations of 53% can be used to improve root development in E. urophylla cuttings, and contribute to the production of higher quality plantlets.
Birthplace Favoritism and Quality of Education
Authors: Vu Tien Manh , Yamada Hiroyuki
Published: November 2021

We investigated the long-term effects of birthplace favoritism by top-ranking politicians on the quality of education in Vietnam. We used over 1 million test scores from the 2009 and 2014 Vietnamese national university entrance examinations. We examined both the different timing of political terms and the total years of birthplace favoritism. Using the school fixed effects, we found that birthplace favoritism did not have any significant impacts, regardless of the timing and duration of such favoritism. We did not find evidence for such impacts in the distribution of test scores either. The results also suggest that national entrance examinations were unaffected by birthplace favoritism up to 2014.
Determination of Concrete Shrinkage Initiation in Internally Cured and Conventional Concrete Decks
Authors: Hamid Waleed K. , Steinberg Eric P. , Khoury Issam , Walsh Kenneth K. , Semendary Ali , Ahmed Safiya
Published: November 2021

The extended performance of the concrete bridge deck depends on the concrete’s ability to resist early-age cracks, which are primarily induced by self-desiccation shrinkage. Several studies have been conducted to study the effect of shrinkage on the development of early-age cracks. When concrete shrinkage occurs, its magnitude may account for tensile stresses developing in the concrete deck over time. Therefore, determining when shrinkage stress initiates in concrete is critical to precisely predict and analyze early-age cracking. The main objective of this research was to determine the appropriate time at which shrinkage initiates at early age for various concrete mixtures under field conditions. To achieve this objective, two adjacent bridge decks, one with internally cured concrete (ICC) and one with conventional concrete, were constructed and instrumented to measure concrete strains and the temperature in both bridge decks during the first 30 h after concrete placement. The results of the field study were also compared with previous studies. Besides, a new approach to determine shrinkage initiation at early age depending on the strains of the free and restrained shrinkage was used in this research. The results showed that the time of concrete shrinkage initiation in both concrete decks was identical. For each deck, this time was approximately 5 h after concrete casting. The results showed that the time of the shrinkage development initiation in the ICC was consistent with the initial setting time.