bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Cared and uncared populations: understanding unmet care needs of older adults (65+) across different social care systems in Europe
Authors: Calderón-Jaramillo Mariana , Zueras Pilar
Published: April 2023

Population care needs are dynamic. They change throughout individuals’ life courses and are related to the population structure. These needs are particularly demanding during population ageing and may vary depending on how societies cope with them. In this study, we explored the unmet social care needs of individuals in twelve European countries with different social care systems. We used data from the seventh wave of the Survey of Health, Ageing and Retirement in Europe (SHARE) to conduct a cross-sectional study of individuals aged 65 and over with care needs (n = 7136). Unmet care needs were measured from an absolute approach. We fitted binomial regression models to explain the relative importance of individuals’ characteristics, health status and different social care systems on unmet needs. The absolute measure shows that 53.02% of the analytical sample faced unmet care needs as they reported limitations and did not receive help. The prevalence of unmet care needs is higher for men than women and for younger than older individuals. Furthermore, we found that individuals living in Mediterranean social care systems have the highest prevalence of these unmet needs. This analysis contributes to the ongoing debate about the challenges posed by ageing populations and their relationship with care.
Two faces of blindness
Authors: Hoepman Jaap-Henk
Published: April 2023

Blind signatures are a decades-old privacy enhancing technology. It is not always clearly understood that blind signatures actually possess two separate properties: the intuitive understanding that the message to be signed is hidden from the signer, and the fact that the resulting signature is unlinkable (meaning that the signer cannot later tell in which session it created a particular signature). The question is: how exactly should these properties be defined, and can they be defined in a natural way such that they are mutually independent yet together imply blindness? In this paper we study this question, present formal definitions for message indistinguishability and signature unlinkability (and a few more related ones), and study their relationships. We show that these two properties are indeed mutually independent. Unfortunately their union is not equivalent to blindness in what appear to be only pathological cases.
Understanding intention and use of digital elements in higher education teaching
Authors: Müller Wieland , Leyer Michael
Published: April 2023

Digital elements are being increasingly used in higher education teaching, but the intention and their actual use vary depending on the lecturers. We used the reasoned action approach to understand the beliefs and intentions behind the use of digital elements in this context. We conducted a quantitative survey in which university lecturers shared their intention concerning the use of digital learning elements and indicated their actual use. The results confirm the influence of attitude, perceived norms, and perceived behavioral control on the intention to use digital learning elements. However, we also identified an intention–behavior gap: Only one-time effort to become familiar with digital elements has a significant impact on actual usage. We conclude that, above all, teachers must first be given the opportunity to become familiar with digital learning elements to be able to use them effectively. Understanding why such an intention–behavior gap exists should be the aim of future studies.
Person-centred Approaches to Psychopathology in the ABCD Study: Phenotypes and Neurocognitive Correlates
Authors: Retzler Chris , Hallam Glyn , Johnson Samantha , Retzler Jenny
Published: April 2023

Issues with classifying psychopathology using narrow diagnostic categories have prompted calls for the use of dimensional approaches. Yet questions remain about how closely dimensional approaches reflect the way symptoms cluster in individuals, whether known risk factors (e.g. preterm birth) produce distinct symptom phenotypes, and whether profiles reflecting symptom clusters are associated with neurocognitive factors. To identify distinct profiles of psychopathology, latent class analysis was applied to the syndrome scales of the parent-reported Child Behaviour Checklist for 11,381 9- and 10- year-olds from the Adolescent Brain Cognitive Development study. Four classes were identified, reflecting different profiles, to which children were assigned probabilistically; Class 1 (88.6%) reflected optimal functioning; Class 2 (7.1%), predominantly internalising; Class 3 (2.4%), predominantly externalising; and Class 4 (1.9%), universal difficulties. To investigate the presence of a possible preterm behavioural phenotype, the proportion of participants allocated to each class was cross-tabulated with gestational age category. No profile was specific to preterm birth. Finally, to assess the neurocognitive factors associated with class membership, elastic net regressions were conducted revealing a relatively distinct set of neurocognitive factors associated with each class. Findings support the use of large datasets to identify psychopathological profiles, explore phenotypes, and identify associated neurocognitive factors.
DFTBephy: A DFTB-based approach for electron–phonon coupling calculations
Authors: Croy Alexander , Unsal Elif , Biele Robert , Pecchia Alessandro
Published: April 2023

The calculation of the electron–phonon coupling from first principles is computationally very challenging and remains mostly out of reach for systems with a large number of atoms. Semi-empirical methods, like density functional tight binding (DFTB), provide a framework for obtaining quantitative results at moderate computational costs. Herein, we present a new method based on the DFTB approach for computing electron–phonon couplings and relaxation times. It interfaces with phonopy for vibrational modes and dftb+ to calculate transport properties. We derive the electron–phonon coupling within a non-orthogonal tight-binding framework and apply them to graphene as a test case.
An integrated modelling approach for targeted degradation: insights on optimization, data requirements and PKPD predictions from semi- or fully-mechanistic models and exact steady state solutions
Authors: Guzzetti Sofia , Morentin Gutierrez Pablo
Published: April 2023

The value of an integrated mathematical modelling approach for protein degraders which combines the benefits of traditional turnover models and fully mechanistic models is presented. Firstly, we show how exact solutions of the mechanistic models of monovalent and bivalent degraders can provide insight on the role of each system parameter in driving the pharmacological response. We show how on/off binding rates and degradation rates are related to potency and maximal effect of monovalent degraders, and how such relationship can be used to suggest a compound optimization strategy. Even convoluted exact steady state solutions for bivalent degraders provide insight on the type of observations required to ensure the predictive capacity of a mechanistic approach. Specifically for PROTACs, the structure of the exact steady state solution suggests that the total remaining target at steady state, which is easily accessible experimentally, is insufficient to reconstruct the state of the whole system at equilibrium and observations on different species (such as binary/ternary complexes) are necessary. Secondly, global sensitivity analysis of fully mechanistic models for PROTACs suggests that both target and ligase baselines (actually, their ratio) are the major sources of variability in the response of non-cooperative systems, which speaks to the importance of characterizing their distribution in the target patient population. Finally, we propose a pragmatic modelling approach which incorporates the insights generated with fully mechanistic models into simpler turnover models to improve their predictive ability, hence enabling acceleration of drug discovery programs and increased probability of success in the clinic.
Automatically evolving preference-based dispatching rules for multi-objective job shop scheduling
Authors: Zeiträg Yannik , Figueira José Rui
Published: April 2023

Dispatching rules represent a simple heuristic for finding good solutions for job shop scheduling problems. Due to their fast applicability and easy handling, they are often used in manufacturing companies to create appropriate production schedules. It has been shown that dispatching rules that are specifically designed for the requirements of a particular environment improve the performance of schedules. Hyper-heuristics based on genetic programming can be used for the automated generation of such dispatching rules. Evolutionary algorithms search the space of dispatching rule components for the most effective priority function to optimize the performance of the resulting schedule. Various studies have highlighted the advantages in the single-objective case, which made it possible to derive a large number of new dispatching rules that exceeded previous benchmark rules. Because it is usually necessary to consider more than one objective simultaneously to ensure effective creation of schedules, the need for a multi-objective optimization method arises. In this paper, we propose an interactive multi-objective optimization method, namely the reference point method, implemented in a hyper-heuristic genetic programming framework. A decision support system has also been developed and implemented in a web-based application to facilitate interaction with the user. Incorporating preferences into the solution process aims to efficiently evolve a dispatching rule that meets the expectations of a decision-maker. A fictitious experiment was carried out in a benchmark job shop environment. The results show that the final solution selected by the decision-maker can produce schedules achieving a desired compromise between the makespan, total tardiness, and total waiting time. Testing the evolved dispatching rule on an independent set of instances and comparing its performance with other benchmark dispatching rules revealed that the proposed method successfully finds dispatching rules that meet the decision-maker’s expectations and are capable of reproducing similar compromise schedules for unseen problems in the same environment.
Subject-matter and intensional operators I: conditional-agnostic analytic implication
Authors: Ferguson Thomas Macaulay
Published: April 2023

Although logical settings are typically concerned with tracking alethic considerations, frameworks exist in which topic-theoretic considerations—e.g., tracking subject-matter or topic—are given equal importance. Intuitions about extending topic through a propositional language are generally straightforward for extensional cases. For a number of reasons, arriving at a compelling account of the subject-matter of intensional operators—such as intensional conditionals—is a more difficult task. In particular, the framework of topic-sensitive intentional modals (TSIMs) championed by Francesco Berto and his collaborators leave the topics of intensional formulae undefined, which artificially constricts the expressivity of the theory. This paper proposes an approach to fill in this lacuna, emphasizing an analogous problem in Parry-style containment logics. In this setting, the approach receives a proof-of-concept through the introduction of a natural and general family of subsystems of Parry’s $${\textsf{PAI}}$$
PAI
—with sound and complete axiomatizations—that allow a fine degree of control over the topics of intensional conditionals.
Gender differences in intervention effects on delinquency for justice-involved youth: A preliminary meta-analysis
Authors: Galbraith Katharine , Huey Stanley J.
Published: April 2023

Objectives

To investigate whether psychosocial interventions for justice-involved youth are equally effective at reducing delinquent behavior for males and females.

Methods

We used meta-analysis to test for gender differences in intervention effects for justice-involved youth, including 10 randomized controlled trials that permitted assessment of gender-specific effect sizes.

Results

Findings show interventions were ineffective at reducing delinquency overall d = -0.006, p = .921. Moreover, there was no significant difference in recidivism outcomes by gender, Q = .071, p = .790; psychosocial interventions for justice-involved youth yielded null effects for males, d = 0.006, p = .933, and females, d = -.027, p = .785.

Conclusions

This study is the first meta-analysis focused on gender differences in intervention effects for justice-involved youth. Our findings suggest a need for further study to better understand what works for reducing recidivism among juvenile justice-involved males and females.
Institutional distances and equity-based entry modes: a systematic literature review
Authors: da Silva Fernando Moreira , Ogasavara Mario Henrique , Pereira Renato
Published: April 2023

The institutional distance between home and host countries influences the benefits and costs of entry into markets where a firm intends to conduct business. Entry mode choice is a function of a firm's strategy to increase its competitiveness, efficiency, and control over resources that are critical to its operations. This systematic literature review aims to explain the influence of institutional distances on equity-based entry modes in international markets. The present study contributes to the literature on international business using institutional theory to address the entry mode, and by analyzing the nature of the constructs used to measure the influence institutional distances have on the choice of entry mode into foreign markets.
Seasonal pollution and surface characteristics of microplastics in surface water in the Wanzhou section of the Three Gorges Reservoir, China
Authors: He Ying , Huang Qian , Wang Qilong , Tang Mingfeng , Lu Xiaoyu , Cheng Fei , Xiao Guosheng
Published: April 2023

The pollution of freshwater environments with microplastics (MPs) has attracted increasing attention owing to their threats to aquatic ecosystems and human health. Here, we sampled and analyzed MPs from mainstream, tributary, and backwater areas in the Wanzhou section of the Three Gorges Reservoir (TGR) in impoundment and flood periods. Microplastic pollution was the most severe in the backwater areas. The average abundance of MPs reached the highest value in the flood period (5.27±3.47×107 items km−2), which was 3–5 times that in the impoundment period. In the 0.3–5 mm size class, the 1–5 mm fraction was the most abundant, accounting for more than 81% in the flood period and 68% of the total MP particle abundance in the impoundment period in the mainstream and backwater areas. However, 0.3–1 mm MPs contributed more than 50% in the tributaries during the impoundment period. Polystyrene, polypropylene, and polyethylene MPs were detected in foam, fragment, sheet, and line-shaped MP particles. White, opaque, foamed polystyrene MPs contributed 32–81% to total MP particle abundance in the watershed. Microplastic particle surfaces showed signs of damage and oxidation, and ten different elements were found. Oxygen was clustered on the surface of foam and fragment MPs. Microplastic pollution was severe in the Wanzhou watershed. Especially in the backwater areas, oxidized MPs of variable shapes derived mainly from surface runoff in the flood period and sewage discharge in the impoundment period were abundant. The results of this study contribute to understanding seasonal pollution patterns and surface characteristics of MPs in the TGR and similar watersheds.
Sex differences in the efficacy and safety of SARS-CoV-2 vaccination in residents of long-term care facilities: insights from the GeroCovid Vax study
Authors: Trevisan Caterina , Raparelli Valeria , Malara Alba , Abbatecola Angela Marie , Noale Marianna , Palmieri Annapina , Fedele Giorgio , Di Lonardo Anna , Leone Pasqualina , Schiavoni Ilaria , Stefanelli Paola , Volpato Stefano , Antonelli Incalzi Raffaele , Onder Graziano ,   the GeroCovid Vax working group
Published: April 2023

Despite the reported sex-related variations in the immune response to vaccination, whether the effects of SARS-CoV-2 vaccination differ by sex is still under debate, especially considering old vulnerable individuals, such as long-term care facilities (LTCFs) residents. This study aimed to evaluate COVID-19 infections, adverse events, and humoral response after vaccination in a sample of LTCF residents. A total of 3259 LTCF residents (71% females; mean age: 83.4 ± 9.2 years) were enrolled in the Italian-based multicenter GeroCovid Vax study. We recorded the adverse effects occurring during the 7 days after vaccine doses and COVID-19 cases over 12 months post-vaccination. In a subsample of 524 residents (69% females), pre- and post-vaccination SARS-CoV-2 trimeric S immunoglobulin G (Anti-S-IgG) were measured through chemiluminescent assays at different time points. Only 12.1% of vaccinated residents got COVID-19 during the follow-up, without any sex differences. Female residents were more likely to have local adverse effects after the first dose (13.3% vs. 10.2%, p = 0.018). No other sex differences in systemic adverse effects and for the following doses were recorded, as well as in anti-S-IgG titer over time. Among the factors modifying the 12-month anti-S-IgG titers, mobility limitations and depressive disorder were more likely to be associated with higher and lower levels in the antibody response, respectively; a significantly lower antibody titer was observed in males with cardiovascular diseases and in females with diabetes or cognitive disorders. The study suggests that, among LTCF residents, SARS-CoV-2 vaccination was effective regardless of sex, yet sex-specific comorbidities influenced the antibody response. Local adverse reactions were more common in females.
NMR resonance assignment of a fibroblast growth factor 8 splicing isoform b
Authors: Hargittay Bruno , Mineev Konstantin S. , Richter Christian , Sreeramulu Sridhar , Jonker Hendrik R.A. , Saxena Krishna , Schwalbe Harald
Published: April 2023

The splicing isoform b of human fibroblast growth factor 8 (FGF8b) is an important regulator of brain embryonic development. Here, we report the almost complete NMR chemical shift assignment of the backbone and aliphatic side chains of FGF8b. Obtained chemical shifts are in good agreement with the previously reported X-ray data, excluding the N-terminal gN helix, which apparently forms only in complex with the receptor. The reported data provide an NMR starting point for the investigation of FGF8b interaction with its receptors and with potential drugs or inhibitors.
Personality and internet trolling: a validation study of a Representative Sample
Authors: March Evita , McDonald Liam , Forsyth Loch
Published: April 2023

To date, characteristics of the internet “troll” have largely been explored in general community samples, which may lack representation of the sample of interest. In this brief report, we aimed to evidence the role of gender and the personality traits of sadism, psychopathy, extraversion, conscientiousness, and agreeableness in a sample of individuals who self-report having perpetrating trolling behaviours. Participants (N = 163; 50.3% women; Mage = 27.35, SD = 8.78) were recruited via social media advertisements and completed an anonymous online questionnaire. The variables explained 55.5% of variance in trolling. We found self-reported trolls were more likely to be men and have higher psychopathy, higher sadism, and lower agreeableness. Findings of this representative sample have implications for understanding, managing, and preventing this antisocial online behaviour.
Management and valorization of phosphate beneficiation slime: a critical review
Authors: Dabbebi R. , Perumal P. , Moukannaa S.
Published: April 2023

The valorization of phosphate mine waste (PMW) in different fields has recently become attractive to many researchers. This review paper examines the potential use of PMW as a raw material in different applications toward sustainable management strategies. Dewatering, recovery of phosphate and heavy metals, building materials and ceramics applications have been captured in this paper. Based on the origin of deposit and the treatment during ore beneficiation, the PMW shows different mineral compositions and various percentage of chemical elements which make it suitable for most of the studied applications. The objective of this paper is to show the potential of the phosphate mine waste valorization and to identify the knowledge gap.
Local approaches for the fatigue strength assessment of brazed joints made of X5CrNi18-10 and Cu 110 considering brazed seam quality and failure behavior
Authors: Jöckel A. , Baumgartner J. , Tillmann W. , Bültena J. , Bobzin K. , Heinemann H. , Erck M.
Published: April 2023

In the case of cyclically loaded brazed joints, especially in safety-relevant components like common rail systems for common rail direct fuel injection, it is necessary to reliably estimate the fatigue strength, considering the influence of different manufacturing processes, manufacturing parameters, and failure behavior. In this paper, induction-brazed, vacuum-brazed, and continuous furnace-brazed joints are used to develop a reliable approach to assess the fatigue life. Therefore, the specimens were characterized and tested under load control using constant amplitudes. It is found that the local brazing geometry in conjunction with the surface condition, which differs by different topography values and by the position and number of initial defects, have the most influence on the failure behavior and consequently on the fatigue strength. Irrespective of this, however, it is shown that the fatigue strength can be estimated sufficiently well even with a simplified finite element modeling that uses idealized fillet radii and by taking support effects into account.
Resistance insert spot welding: a new joining method for thermoplastic FRP–steel component
Authors: Xu Hongli , Fang Xiangfan
Published: April 2023

Recently, multi-material designs consisting of metal and FRP components are being increasingly used in vehicle body structures to reduce weight and thus energy consumption and emission. Because the most commonly used resistance spot welding (RSW) technology for body assembly cannot be applied to join sheet metals and FRPs, the usage of FRPs is strongly limited. Therefore, a new resistance insert spot welding (RISW) method was developed. During the manufacturing process of FRPs, here compression molding of PA6 GF40 materials, specially designed steel inserts are directly integrated into the FRP part. Later, via the steel inserts, the FRP part can be spot welded to other steel parts in the structure. In this work, the design and development process of RISW is presented. Starting with the design concept of inserts, welding tests were conducted, and the parameters for the welding simulation were calibrated. After that, the detailed insert design was performed using welding simulation and tests with several restrictions, such as insert dimensions, the temperature in FRPs, the weldability range, and joining strength. In the end, an appropriate insert geometry was found, which met all requirements. The mechanical properties of RISW joining are better than or equal to those of SPRs. The new RISW technology was also demonstrated on a real vehicle component. A seat cross member was designed using FRP with 42% weight reduction and produced by compression molding with 30 simultaneously integrated inserts. The cross member was finally successfully welded to a steel closing plate using RISW.
GMAW hot-wire process with indirect resistive heating of the auxiliary wire
Authors: Ungethüm T. , Schilling P. , Spaniol E. , Füssel U.
Published: April 2023

Due to the coupled filler material and energy supply in gas metal arc welding (GMAW) processes, these processes have limited productivity as a result of heat-induced residual stresses and distortion. To increase productivity and decrease heat input, conventional GMAW processes can be combined with an auxiliary hot wire. The disadvantage of hot-wire processes is the small process window due to the required melt pool contact to maintain resistance heating and the magnetic blow effect of the hot-wire current. In this paper, the development of a GMAW hot-wire process with upstream ohmic preheating of the filler wire (between two current nozzles) is presented. Besides an increase of the deposition rate and consequently of the productivity, a decoupling and specific control of the material and energy input depending on the application is aimed at. By reducing the heat input into the base material, the influence on the mechanical-technological properties will be reduced and the development of residual stresses and distortion minimized. Furthermore, by preventing the magnetic arc blow caused by the hot-wire current, the process behavior will be improved, thus increasing its productivity and robustness. The potential of the process is demonstrated using selected welding tests.
Interoception Within the Context of Impulsivity and Addiction
Authors: Herman Aleksandra M.
Published: April 2023

Purpose of Review

The goal of this review is to examine the relationship between impulsivity and interoception in addiction, to summarize the current understanding of the topic, identify any gaps in knowledge, and provide directions for future research.

Research Findings

Interoception may be a contributing factor to impulsive behaviour and, thus, addiction. Substance abuse can negatively impact the brain’s ability to process interoceptive information and impact the reward system, leading to decreased sensitivity to natural rewards and increased sensitivity to drugs. There is potential for new therapies, such as mindfulness, interoceptive training, brain stimulation, or vagal nerve stimulation to target both impulsivity and interoception in the treatment of addiction.

Despite a growing interest in interoception in addiction research, further research is needed to better understand the role of interoception in addiction and to develop new methods for studying how individuals with addiction process and perceive internal bodily sensations.
Exploring the Application of Peer-Assisted Learning in Practical Neuroanatomy Classes: A Cohort Comparison Within a Medical Curriculum
Authors: De Louche Calvin D. , Hassan Rifat , Laurayne Hailey F. , Wijeyendram Papakas , Kurn Octavia R. , Woodward James , Sbayeh Amgad , Hall Samuel , Border Scott
Published: April 2023

Despite well-documented benefits, the effectiveness of some aspects of near-peer (NP) teaching in medical education within anatomy curricula remains unclear. Here, we explored the impact of various permutations of staff/student laboratory-based co-teaching in neuroanatomy by determining the optimal staff and student teaching combination. We assessed student perceptions and knowledge acquisition using three different co-teaching strategies. Second-year medical students at the University of Southampton were co-taught neuroanatomy by faculty staff and third-year medical students (NP teachers). Three cohorts, 2016/2017, 2017/2018, and 2018/2019, were included in the study. Subsequent cohorts experienced increasingly structured NP teaching with more NP teachers. Students completed evaluations for anatomy sessions, which were statistically compared. The 2017/2018 and 2018/2019 cohorts completed lunchtime quizzes matched to the learning outcomes of each practical session, which were analysed. A focus group involving six students was transcribed and thematically analysed. Anatomy practical ratings were significantly higher when both session structure and NP teacher numbers increased from 3 to 5–6 (p = 0.0010) and from 3 to 7–8 (p = 0.0020). There were no significant differences in anatomy practical ratings using 5–6 and 7–8 NP teachers (p > 0.9999). There were no significant differences between the knowledge scores of students who experienced 5–6 and 7–8 NP teachers. Themes detailing the benefits of NP teaching and the importance of faculty involvement were identified, demonstrating that students appreciated NP teaching within a co-teaching environment. Therefore, increased NP teaching may augment students’ perceptions and knowledge acquisition. In this context, the optimal number of NP teachers may sit between 5 and 8.
Validating Rating Scales for Executive Functioning across Education Levels and Informants
Authors: Spreij Lucie C. , Van Tuijl Cathy , Leseman Paul P. M.
Published: April 2023

The goal of the study was to deliver and validate a new solution-focused instrument, the Focus Skills Questionnaire (FSQ), to assess the degree of executive functioning skills in the school context, for three different education levels (elementary, secondary, and tertiary education) and informant groups (students, teachers and parents) on a sample of 1109 students from Dutch and Belgian schools. The factor structure was evaluated by confirmative factor analysis (CFA) and the study examined how students’ self-reports of executive functioning skills related to outcomes of neuro-psychological tests of executive functions (EF). The CFA results showed a parsimonious model with a four-factor structure of the FSQ that was equivalent for all education levels and informant groups, but that does not correspond with the generally assumed executive functioning factors. There are differences in the perception of executive functioning skills by different informant groups and also differences per education level. Student perceptions of executive functioning skills do not correspond with EF test outcomes and in some subgroups clearly diverge from teacher or parent perceptions of the students’ executive functioning skills. Although the new instrument does not converge with laboratory assessments of EF’s, the new instrument could be useful in everyday school practice.
Fully nonlinear phase-resolved wave modelling in the Norwegian fjords for floating bridges along the E39 coastal highway
Authors: Wang Weizhi , Pákozdi Csaba , Kamath Arun , Bihs Hans
Published: April 2023

Coastal wave conditions are highly influenced by bathymetry variations and coastlines. The Norwegian fjords present large gradients of bathymetry changes and irregular coastline geometries that make the understanding of the near-coast wave conditions a challenging task. The proposed floating bridges for permanent fjord-crossings along the Norwegian E39 coastal highway require reliable and efficient numerical simulations of a large domain at the fjords. In this manuscript, a phase-resolving fully non-linear potential flow (FNPF) model is used to investigate wave propagations with the presence of complex bathymetry and coastlines at two fjords along the path of the highway. The FNPF model is equipped with a robust coastline algorithm, flexible wave breaking algorithms, a free-surface and bathymetry-following $$\sigma $$
σ
-grid and parallel high-performance computation capability. Both long-crested and short-crested offshore swell wave conditions are simulated at the two fjords, Sulafjord and Bjørnafjord. Sulafjord is more exposed to the offshore swell while Bjørnafjord is more sheltered. The phase-averaging spectral wave models are also applied for both fjords and compared with the phase-resolving FNPF model. The significance of applying phase-resolving model for strongly nonlinear wave transformations in the fjords is demonstrated. The wave transformations and the wave field inhomogeneity and incoherence are captured using the phase-resolving time domain simulation results, which reveal significant engineering considerations for floating bridge design. The presented numerical approach is seen to be able to simulate the complex transformations of irregular waves and identify key wave field characteristics with the presence of irregular bathymetry and coastlines such as the Norwegian fjords.
Emotion Controllability Beliefs and Young People’s Anxiety and Depression Symptoms: A Systematic Review
Authors: Somerville Matthew P. , MacIntyre Helen , Harrison Amy , Mauss Iris B.
Published: April 2023

Emotion regulation is a powerful predictor of youth mental health and a crucial ingredient of interventions. A growing body of evidence indicates that the beliefs individuals hold about the extent to which emotions are controllable (emotion controllability beliefs) influence both the degree and the ways in which they regulate emotions. A systematic review was conducted that investigated the associations between emotion controllability beliefs and youth anxiety and depression symptoms. The search identified 21 peer-reviewed publications that met the inclusion criteria. Believing that emotions are relatively controllable was associated with fewer anxiety and depression symptoms, in part because these beliefs were associated with more frequent use of adaptive emotion regulation strategies. These findings support theoretical models linking emotion controllability beliefs with anxiety and depression symptoms via emotion regulation strategies that target emotional experience, like reappraisal. Taken together, the review findings demonstrate that emotion controllability beliefs matter for youth mental health. Understanding emotion controllability beliefs is of prime importance for basic science and practice, as it will advance understanding of mental health and provide additional targets for managing symptoms of anxiety and depression in young people.
XAI-based cross-ensemble feature ranking methodology for machine learning models
Authors: Jiang Pei , Suzuki Hiroyuki , Obi Takashi
Published: April 2023

Artificial Intelligence (AI) as one robust technology has been used in various fields, making innovative society possible and changing our lifestyles. However, the black box problem is still one big problem for artificial intelligence. In this study, we first compared the results of kernel Shapley Additive exPlanations (SHAP) for various machine learning models and found that the single SHAP model cannot explain the models at the human knowledge level. Then the factors’ global ranking was calculated using our proposed ensemble methodology. Finally, the new factors’ ranking was compared with other factor ranking method. Our experimental results declare that the proposed cross-ensemble feature ranking methodology provides stable and comparatively reliable feature ranking in both the classification and regression models.
Three-layer model for the control of epidemic infection over multiple social networks
Authors: Nasir Ali
Published: April 2023

This paper presents a hierarchical approach for controlling the spread of an epidemic disease. The approach consists of a three-layer architecture where a set of two-layer multiple social networks is governed by a (third) top-layer consisting of an optimal control policy. Each of the two-layer social networks is modeled by a microscopic Markov chain. On top of all the two-layer networks is an optimal control policy that has been developed by using an underlying Markov Decision Process (MDP) model. Mathematical models pertaining to the top-level MDP as well as two-layer microscopic Markov chains have been presented. Practical implementation methodology using the proposed models has also been discussed along with a numerical example. The results in the numerical example illustrate the control of an epidemic using the optimal policy. Directions for further research and characterization of the optimal policy have also been discussed with the help of the same numerical example.

Article Highlights

An optimal approach for controlling the spread of an epidemic infection.

The approach is able to model the uncertainties involved in the problem.

The approach is able to cater for the underlying social network.
An Exploratory Study of Models of Mobile Map User Experience
Authors: Somaskantharajan Sulaxan , Degbelo Auriol , Krukar Jakub
Published: April 2023

Several user studies have been conducted to evaluate the User Experience (UX) of thematic mobile maps, but models describing the results beyond point studies are still lacking. This article explored mathematical functions to predict the UX on the visualization types Choropleth Maps and Graduated Symbol Maps. Ten different Choropleth Maps and ten different Graduated Symbol Maps were utilized to conduct a user study, in which 30 participants solved information-gathering tasks on a mobile device. The data from the first 20 participants served as input to build 12 mathematical models on the accuracy, efficiency, perceived mental demand, perceived performance, perceived effort demanded and perceived frustration level for solving the given map tasks. The predictive performance of the models was then evaluated using data from the remaining ten participants and the predictions were within 30% of unseen empirical data. The models obtained are relevant to the design of adaptive and plastic geovisualizations on mobile devices.
Development and initial validation of a short form of the Memories of Home and Family Scale
Authors: Redican Enya , Rawers Caitlyn , McElroy Eoin , Hyland Philip , Karatzias Thanos , Ben-Ezra Menachem , Shevlin Mark
Published: April 2023

Background

The Memories of Home and Family Scale (MHFS; Shevlin et al., 2022) was developed as a multidimensional measure of subjective memories of experiences at home and with family during childhood. Due to the length of the scale, a short version of the MHFS (MHFS-SF) has been developed. Data were from Wave 7 of the COVID-19 Psychological Research Consortium Study (C19PRC-UK), a population based UK survey (N = 1405). Two items with the highest factor loadings from each of the six dimensions of the original MHFS were selected for inclusion. Confirmatory factor analytic (CFA) models were estimated to test the dimensionality of the scale. Convergent and discriminant validity were tested by examining associations with criterion variables. CFA results supported the multidimensionality of the scale. MHFS-SF total and sub-scale scores were negatively correlated with measures of depression, anxiety, loneliness, and paranoia, and were positively correlated with wellbeing. Regression analyses revealed that MHFS-SF total and sub-scale scores significantly predicted loneliness, paranoia, and wellbeing, even after accounting for age, gender, and current internalising symptoms. Results from this study suggest that the MHFS-SF scores retain the excellent psychometric properties of the original scale while improving efficiency. The MHFS-SF demonstrated high levels of convergent and discriminant validity with mental health and wellbeing measures. Future research should seek to validate the MHFS-SF in different populations and assess its usefulness in clinical settings.
Floor Cleaners as Helper Pets: Projecting Assistive Robots’ Agency on Zoomorphic Affordances
Authors: Grimme Sophie Alice , Kollakidou Avgi , Sønderskov Zarp Christian , Hornecker Eva , Krüger Norbert , Graf Philipp , Marchetti Emanuela
Published: April 2023

Care of ageing adults has become a dominant field of application for assistive robot technologies, promising support for ageing adults residing in care homes and staff, in dealing with practical routine tasks and providing social and emotional relieve. A time consuming and human intensive necessity is the maintenance of high hygiene quality in care homes. Robotic vacuum cleaners have been proven effective for doing the job elsewhere, but—in the context of care homes—are counterproductive for residents’ well-being and do not get accepted. This is because people with dementia manifest their agency in more implicit and emotional ways, while making sense of the world around them. Starting from these premises, we explored how a zoomorphic designed vacuum cleaner could better accommodate the sensemaking of people with dementia. Our design reconceptualises robotic vacuum cleaners as a cat-like robot, referring to a playful behaviour and appearance to communicate a non-threatening and familiar role model. Data from an observational study shows that residents responded positively to our prototype, as most of them engaged playfully with it as if it was a pet or a cat-like toy, for example luring it with gestures. Some residents simply ignored the robot, indicating that it was not perceived as frightening or annoying. The level of activity influenced reactions; residents ignored our prototype if busy with other occupations, which proves that it did not cause significant disturbance. We further report results from focus group sessions with formal and informal caregivers who discussed a video prototype of our robot. Caregivers encouraged us to enhance the animal like characteristics (in behaviour and materiality) even further to result in richer interactions and provoke haptic pleasure but also pointed out that residents should not mistake the robot for a real cat.
Are Micro-Credentials Valuable for Students? Perspective on Verifiable Digital Credentials
Authors: Kiiskilä Padmasheela , Kukkonen Arttu , Pirkkalainen Henri
Published: April 2023

Higher education institutions are investing more and investigating digital credentials as proof of learning upon completion of learning offerings, such as micro-credentials. Understanding what value these digital credentials hold for learners and what enables the learners to use digital credentials will help higher education institutions focus their efforts. Although there is research available on value of micro-credentials, there is a huge research gap in understanding the value of digital credentials and the metadata that can be included, especially from learner perspective. To address this gap, we conducted a qualitative analysis study with interviews of learners and administrators in higher education institutions. This study contributes to (1) what value do learners perceive of digital credentials, (2) what value digital credentials have compared to other forms of recognition, such as paper certificates, and (3) what factors enable greater adoption of digital credentials by learners. In terms of practice, our findings help higher education institutions in evaluating the use of digital credentials not only for micro-credentials but also extend them to other learning offerings.
An Integrated Management System for Composed Applications Deployed by Different Deployment Automation Technologies
Authors: Harzenetter Lukas , Breitenbücher Uwe , Binz Tobias , Leymann Frank
Published: April 2023

Automation is the key to enable an efficient, fast, and reliable deployment of applications. Therefore, several deployment automation technologies emerged in recent years whereby each technology has its specific field of application: While some are bound to cloud providers and offer provider-specific functionalities, others enable multi-cloud deployments but mostly do not support provider-specific features. As a consequence, often companies have to use multiple deployment technologies in combination to deploy large applications. However, the management capabilities of most deployment technologies are limited or even non-existent. This issue becomes even more severe if different parts of a single application are deployed by different technologies. To tackle this issue, we present an approach that enables generating automatically executable management workflows for applications that consist of multiple components deployed by different deployment technologies. Our approach builds on top of instance models that are automatically generated based on information retrieved from the different deployment technologies involved. Based on the derived instance model, we generate workflows that manipulate the running application. We prove the technical feasibility by an open-source prototype and discuss a detailed case study.
Therapeutic potential of autophagy in immunity and inflammation: current and future perspectives
Authors: Zuo Hui , Chen Cheng , Sa Yalian
Published: April 2023

Autophagy is recognized as a lysosomal degradation pathway important for cellular and organismal homeostasis. Accumulating evidence has demonstrated that autophagy is a paradoxical mechanism that regulates homeostasis and prevents stress under physiological and pathological conditions. Nevertheless, how autophagy is implicated in immune responses remains unclear. It is well established that autophagy bridges innate and adaptive immunity, while autophagic dysfunction is closely related to infection, inflammation, neurodegeneration, and tumorigenesis. Therefore, autophagy has attracted great attention from fundamental and translational fields due to its crucial role in inflammation and immunity. Inflammation is involved in the development and progression of various human diseases, and as a result, autophagy might be a potential target to prevent and treat inflammatory diseases. Nevertheless, insufficient autophagy might cause cell death, perpetrate inflammation, and trigger hereditary unsteadiness. Hence, targeting autophagy is a promising disease prevention and treatment strategy. To accomplish this safely, we should thoroughly understand the basic aspects of how autophagy works. Herein, we systematically summarized the correlation between autophagy and inflammation and its implication for human diseases.
A comprehensive review of graphene-based aerogels for biomedical applications. The impact of synthesis parameters onto material microstructure and porosity
Authors: Trembecka-Wójciga Klaudia , Sobczak Jerzy J. , Sobczak Natalia
Published: April 2023

Graphene-based aerogels (GA) have a high potential in the biomedical engineering field due to high mechanical strength, biocompatibility, high porosity, and adsorption capacity. Thanks to this, they can be used as scaffolds in bone tissue engineering, wound healing, drug delivery and nerve tissue engineering. In this review, a current state of knowledge of graphene (Gn) and graphene oxide (GO) aerogels and their composites used in biomedical application is described in detail. A special focus is paid first on the methods of obtaining highly porous materials by visualizing the precursors and describing main methods of Gn and GO aerogel synthesis. The impact of synthesis parameters onto aerogel microstructure and porosity is discussed according to current knowledge. Subsequent sections deal with aerogels intended to address specific therapeutic demands. Here we discuss the recent methods used to improve Gn and GO aerogels biocompatibility. We explore the various types of GA reported to date and how their architecture impacts their ultimate ability to mimic natural tissue environment. On this basis, we summarized the research status of graphene-based aerogels and put forward the challenges and outlook of graphene-based aerogels dedicated to biomedical usage especially by formation of joints with biocompatible metals.