bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Higher dimensional reciprocal integrable Kaup-Newell systems
Authors: Lou Sen-Yue , Hao Xia-Zhi , Jia Man ,   School of Physical Science and Technology, Ningbo University, Ningbo 315211, China,   Faculty of Science, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310014, China
Published: February 2023

The study of integrable systems is one of important topics both in physics and in mathematics. However, traditional studies on integrable systems are usually restricted in (1+1) and (2+1) dimensions. The main reasons come from the fact that high-dimensional integrable systems are extremely rare. Recently, we found that a large number of high dimensional integrable systems can be derived from low dimensional ones by means of a deformation algorithm. In this paper, the (1+1) dimensional Kaup-Newell (KN) system is extended to a (4+1) dimensional system with the help of the deformation algorithm. In addition to the original (1+1) dimensional KN system, the new system also contains three reciprocal forms of the (1+1) dimensional KN system. The model also contains a large number of new (D+1) dimensional (\begin{document}$D \leqslant 3$\end{document}) integrable systems. The Lax integrability and symmetry integrability of the (4+1) dimensional KN system are also proved. It is very difficult to solve the new high-dimensional KN systems. In this paper, we only investigate the traveling wave solutions of a (2+1) dimensional reciprocal derivative nonlinear Schrödinger equation. The general envelope travelling wave can be expressed by a complicated elliptic integral. The single envelope dark (gray) soliton of the derivative nonlinear Schödinger equation can be implicitly written.
Peroxiredoxin 5 regulates osteogenic differentiation through interaction with hnRNPK during bone regeneration
Authors: Cho Eunjin , Che Xiangguo , Ang Mary Jasmin , Cheon Seongmin , Lee Jinkyung , Kim Kwang Soo , Lee Chang Hoon , Lee Sang-Yeop , Yang Hee-Young , Moon Changjong , Park Chungoo , Choi Je-Yong , Lee Tae-Hoon
Published: February 2023

Peroxiredoxin 5 (Prdx5) is involved in pathophysiological regulation via the stress-induced cellular response. However, its function in the bone remains largely unknown. Here, we show that Prdx5 is involved in osteoclast and osteoblast differentiation, resulting in osteoporotic phenotypes in Prdx5 knockout (Prdx5Ko) male mice. To investigate the function of Prdx5 in the bone, osteoblasts were analyzed through immunoprecipitation (IP) and liquid chromatography combined with tandem mass spectrometry (LC–MS/MS) methods, while osteoclasts were analyzed through RNA-sequencing. Heterogeneous nuclear ribonucleoprotein K (hnRNPK) was identified as a potential binding partner of Prdx5 during osteoblast differentiation in vitro. Prdx5 acts as a negative regulator of hnRNPK-mediated osteocalcin (Bglap) expression. In addition, transcriptomic analysis revealed that in vitro differentiated osteoclasts from the bone marrow-derived macrophages of Prdx5Ko mice showed enhanced expression of several osteoclast-related genes. These findings indicate that Prdx5 might contribute to the maintenance of bone homeostasis by regulating osteoblast differentiation. This study proposes a new function of Prdx5 in bone remodeling that may be used in developing therapeutic strategies for bone diseases.
Creating an atlas of the bone microenvironment during oral inflammatory-related bone disease using single-cell profiling
Authors: Fan Yi , Lyu Ping , Bi Ruiye , Cui Chen , Xu Ruoshi , Rosen Clifford J , Yuan Quan , Zhou Chenchen
Published: February 2023

Oral inflammatory diseases such as apical periodontitis are common bacterial infectious diseases that may affect the periapical alveolar bone tissues. A protective process occurs simultaneously with the inflammatory tissue destruction, in which mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) play a primary role. However, a systematic and precise description of the cellular and molecular composition of the microenvironment of bone affected by inflammation is lacking. In this study, we created a single-cell atlas of cell populations that compose alveolar bone in healthy and inflammatory disease states. We investigated changes in expression frequency and patterns related to apical periodontitis, as well as the interactions between MSCs and immunocytes. Our results highlight an enhanced self-supporting network and osteogenic potential within MSCs during apical periodontitis-associated inflammation. MSCs not only differentiated toward osteoblast lineage cells but also expressed higher levels of osteogenic-related markers, including Sparc and Col1a1. This was confirmed by lineage tracing in transgenic mouse models and human samples from oral inflammatory-related alveolar bone lesions. In summary, the current study provides an in-depth description of the microenvironment of MSCs and immunocytes in both healthy and disease states. We also identified key apical periodontitis-associated MSC subclusters and their biomarkers, which could further our understanding of the protective process and the underlying mechanisms of oral inflammatory-related bone disease. Taken together, these results enhance our understanding of heterogeneity and cellular interactions of alveolar bone cells under pathogenic and inflammatory conditions. We provide these data as a tool for investigators not only to better appreciate the repertoire of progenitors that are stress responsive but importantly to help design new therapeutic targets to restore bone lesions caused by apical periodontitis and other inflammatory-related bone diseases.
Recognition of galactose by a scaffold protein recruits a transcriptional activator for the GAL regulon induction in Candida albicans
Authors: Sun Xun , Yu Jing , Zhu Cheng , Mo Xinreng , Sun Qiangqiang , Yang Dandan , Su Chang , Lu Yang
Published: February 2023

The GAL pathway of yeasts has long served as a model system for understanding of how regulatory mode of eukaryotic metabolic pathways evolves. While Gal4 mode has been well-characterized in Saccharomycetaceae clade, little is known about the regulation of the GAL pathway in other yeasts. Here, we find that Rep1, a Ndt80-like family transcription factor, serves as a galactose sensor in the commensal-pathogenic fungus Candida albicans. It is presented at the GAL gene promoters independent of the presence of galactose. Rep1 recognizes galactose via a direct physical interaction. The net result of this interaction is the recruitment of a transcriptional activator Cga1 (Candida galactose gene activator, orf19.4959) and transcription of the GAL genes proceeds. Rep1 and Cga1 are conserved across the CTG species. Rep1 itself does not possess transcriptional activity. Instead, it provides a scaffold to recruit different factors for transcriptional regulation. Rep1-Cga1 mode of regulation represents a new example of network rewiring in fungi, which provides insight into how C. albicans evolves transcriptional programs to colonize diverse host niches.
Correlations between horizontal jump and sprint acceleration and maximal speed performance: a systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Lin Junlei , Shen Jie , Zhang Junjie , Zhou Aiguo , Guo Wenxia
Published: February 2023

Objectives

The purpose of this study is to determine the associations between horizontal jump and sprint acceleration, as well as maximal speed performance.

Methods

A systematic literature search was performed using PubMed, MEDLINE (EBSCOhost), and Web of Science. The studies that were included in this review must meet the following criteria: (1) well-trained individuals over the age of 18 years old; (2) Pearson’s correlation coefficients between sprint time and horizontal jump distance were provided; (3) the sprint distance was limited to 0–100 m. The quality of the studies was assessed using a modified version of the Downs and Black Quality Index test. A random-effects model was used to determine the effect sizes, and heterogeneity between studies was examined using the Q statistic and I2.

Results

From the identified 2,815 studies, 27 studies were included in this study (two from reference lists). The sprint time of the sprint acceleration phase was moderately and negatively correlated with the standing long jump (r =  − 0.45, z = 7.48, p < 0.001), single leg standing long jump (r =  − 0.48, z = 3.49, p < 0.001) and horizontal drop jump distance (r =  − 0.48, z = 3.49, p < 0.001), and was largely and negatively correlated with multiple jump distance (r =  − 0.69, z = 6.02, p < 0.001). Out of five studies assessed the standing triple jump, three studies reported significant positive association with the sprint acceleration performance. The sprint time of maximal speed phase was very largely and negatively associated with standing long jump distance (r =  − 0.73, z = 4.44, p < 0.001) and multiple jump distance (r =  − 0.76, z = 6.86, p < 0.001).

Conclusions

This review indicates the moderate to very large associations between horizontal jump and sprint acceleration and maximal speed performance, and the highest magnitude of associations between them is found in the multiple jump. Moreover, compared to the sprint acceleration performance, there are greater associations between maximal speed performance and standing long jump and multiple jump distance.
PIANKI POLIURETANOWE Z PIERŚCIENIEM 1,3,5-TRIAZYNOWYM I ATOMAMI KRZEMU
Authors:   Rzeszow University of Technology, Faculty of Chemistry, Department of Organic Chemistry, Chmiel Ewelina , Barcikowska Marzena , Lubczak Jacek
Published: February 2023

By mixing oligoetherols with 1,3,5-triazine rings and silicon atoms, polyol suitable for the preparation of rigid foam polyurethanes were obtained. The physical and utility properties of the obtained foam as well as bulk density, water absorption, dimensional stability, thermal conductivity, heat resistance and fire properties were examined. It has been found that it is characterized by improved mechanical strength, heat resistance and a reduced rate of smoking compared with conventional rigid polyurethane foams. During the prolonged heating of the foam at a temperature of 150-200°C its compressive strength increases. The foam subjected to exposure at 150°C and at 175°C during the month becomes self-extinguishing and non-flammable respectively
SYNTEZA ESTRU DIETYLOWEGO KWASU 3,4-bis(4-METOKSYFENYLO)-1H-PIROLO-2,5-DIKARBOKSYLOWEGO, PÓŁPRODUKTU W SYNTEZIE ALKALOIDÓW Z GRUPY POLYCITONE, LAMELLARIN I STORNIAMIDE
Authors:   Rzeszow University of Technology, Faculty of Chemistry, Buszta Natalia
Published: February 2023

Synthesis of a new building block of symmetrically substituted pyrrole derivative, which is useful intermediate in the synthesis of known alkaloids and their marine analogues, is described. The substrate is anisaldehyde, which in six steps with the use of Knoevenagel condensation, hydrogenation of the aliphatic double bond and the key titanium(IV)-mediated oxidative dimerization of 2-azidocarboxylic ester allows to obtain the title derivative.
Effect of Natural Antioxidants on Nutrients, Sensory and Keeping Quality of Suya from Mutton Subjected to Different Processing Methods
Authors: Akinwumi A. O. , Odunsi A. A. , Adeniji T. Y. , Ayoola S. J. , Arasi K. K. , Adebolujo D. E. , Salaudeen M. O. , Adeboye M. A. , Adesina M. A.
Published: February 2023

This study evaluated the effect of breeds, processing methods, natural antioxidants and storage period of Suya from mutton. A total of 12 sheep (six each from Balami and Ouda) were weighed, slaughtered and allotted to three processing methods which are scalding, singeing and skinning. They are processed into Suya meats prepared with 4 different natural antioxidants (black pepper (Piper nigrum), green tea (Camellia sinensis), roselle (Hibiscus sabdariffa L.) and clove (Syzygium aromaticum) and preserved for four weeks. The samples were evaluated for chemical composition, organoleptic properties, microbial loads and storage period. Data collected were analysed using a factorial arrangement of 2x3x4. The results showed that natural antioxidants significantly (P<0.05) influenced all parameters measured except dry matter with the highest value of CP (60.28%) observed in Suya samples spiced with black pepper. There were significant (P<0.05) in all the parameters evaluated using different processing methods. Breed had no significant (P>0.05) on organoleptic properties. Significant (P<0.05) effect was observed on colour for processing methods with the highest value 5.18 in scalding. Natural antioxidants had significant (P<0.05) on organoleptic properties except for flavor while Suya spiced with clove was rated highest on overall acceptability (6.60). However, breed had no significant (P>0.05) on all the microbial counts of Suya samples. Scalding had the lowest (P<0.05) values for all the microbial parameters measured. Natural antioxidants significantly (P<0.05) affect all the parameters evaluated with the highest total bacterial count (TBC) 9.34x106, total coliform count (TCC) 9.21x104 and total yeast count (TYC)10.23x103 in the control while the lowest counts of TBC, TCC and TYC in the samples             spiced with clove were found as (4.31x106), (5.26x104) and (5.46x103), respectively. Storage for four weeks had higher significant (P<0.05) values in all the parameters measured than                     those evaluated for microbial loads at 0 day. It is therefore concluded that, samples spiced with clove had lower microbial loads which tend to enhance shelf-life and were most acceptable for consumption.
Nanotechnology: Cutting-Edge Tool for Increasing Agricultural Production
Authors: Hegde Narayan G.
Published: February 2023

India and many developing countries in Asia and Africa are posed with the challenges of food insecurity and poverty for the next three decades, because of the growing demand for food commodities and depletion of natural resources, and global warming. While efforts are being made to increase agricultural production, serious attempts are needed to increase crop yields and income of small holder farmers, without polluting the environment. Fortunately, the recent introduction of nanotechnology for increasing agricultural production has indicated its potential to increase crop yields, while improving soil productivity and reducing the use of agro chemicals as well as the cost of production. Presently, several macro and micro nutrients sold in India have confirmed the benefits in terms of higher yield and lower cost of production. Nano-carbon is another material having great promise for boosting agricultural production, because of its role as a nutrient, soil stabilizer, effective facilitator for absorption of nutrients and plant protection molecules from the soil, and immunity boosters against biotic and abiotic pressures. Farmers from Gujarat and Maharashtra states who have used this technology for growing cotton, groundnut, paddy, turmeric, sugarcane and a wide range of fruits and vegetables have been successful in significantly increasing their crop production without any chemical residues, while decreasing the cost of production. Nano-carbon-based materials have a promising future in India and other developing countries.
Modified Burr Xii Distribution: Properties and Applications
Authors: Afzal Faiza , Kausar Sahab , Qamar Mohammad Shahzad , Akbar Shabab
Published: February 2023

Creating suitable, data-friendly models to interpret statistical data has been a goal of numerous researchers. Even new generalizations of models with several parameters are developed to handle complex data. The Burr XIII distribution has been utilized extensively in software reliability, failure censored plans, future observables prediction, ball-bearing loss, tax revenue, etc. Abdel-Ghaly et al.(1997), Wu and Yu (2005)), AL-Hussaini (2003), Shao Q. et al. (2004), Mead M. E. (2014).  This article suggests changing the Burr XIII (MB XIII) distribution. The projected distribution is more adaptable and manageable than the Burr type XIII (B XIII) distribution and its parent. The proposed distribution's characteristics are deduced in some cases. To demonstrate its utility, we compare Burr XIII and its sub-model to real-world data sets, ball-bearing failure metrics, and actual tax revenue data (in 1000 million Egyptian pounds).
Study on Crop Diversification Based on Long Term Rain Fall Analysis of Dry Farming Tracts in Southern India
Authors: Moka Sunanda , Koneni Swathi , Sandepogu Prayek , John Gracy
Published: February 2023

This study was conducted based on 30 years of rainfall data from 1985 to 2015 from the regions of semiarid districts of Karnataka, Telangana and Rayalaseema region of Andhra Pradesh states to recommend the alternate crops. This is based on the rainfall variability and potential evapotranspiration (PET) in kharif and rabi seasons. Moisture-sensitive crops, especially rice, sugarcane and banana must be taken in high rainfall areas and low moisture-sensitive crops can go at the time of rainfall shortages and vice versa to avoid farm risk at farm level and optimizing production. The crops which are suggested based on rainfall and PET can thrive well, grow very efficiently and give reasonable yields to farmers under limited rainfall situations and these are of drought-tolerant and drought resistant and short-duration types.  In the rabi season, most of these regions received less rainfall (<200 mm), particularly in Telangana and the North interior Karnataka regions. Under this situation, avoiding more water demanded crops like cotton and sunflower crops. Instead of these crops, less water required short -duration and drought tolerant Bengal gram and Cowpea crops were suggested. These crops can survive well and give good optimum yields without crop failures.
Evaluation of Rice Recombinant Inbred Lines Developed from the Cross Rasi × Improved Samba Mahsuri for Drought Tolerance
Authors: Dass M. Ayyappa , Anila M. , Kale R. R. , Pragya S. , Anantha M. S. , Mandal N. P. , Rani H. Surekha , C. Pawar Smita , Rani A. Roja , Srinivas A. , Prasanth S. , Sundaram R. M.
Published: February 2023

Drought has been one of the most important limiting factors for rice productivity, particularly in the rainfed ecosystem. It is important to understand the genetic basis of drought tolerance in donor lines and develop drought tolerant rice cultivars, based on this information. We earlier identified the rice line, Rasi as tolerant to drought and developed a recombinant inbred line (RIL) mapping population consisting of 209 lines. These lines along with their parents were grown under well-watered and drought stress conditions in a two-year experiment (wet season 2020 and 2021) with drought stress imposed during reproductive stage. The study revealed high genetic variability for 12 key agro morphological traits associated with drought tolerance among the RILs.  Of the 209 RILs, 59 showed superior performance over the checks and even the tolerant parent, Rasi under severe drought condition. Two RILs, RIL-33 and RIL-58 showed exceptional drought tolerance along with greater plot yield and grain weight under drought condition and they possessed medium slender grain type. These two lines can be a new novel genetic resource for drought tolerance in breeding programmes.
Forecasting the Rate of Biostimulated Bioremediation Using Biodegradation Models
Authors: Nnaemeka Okorondu Justin , Izunobi Lucy , Ifunanya Okorondu Sylvester , Ikechukwu Nwachukwu Joseph , Abrakasa Selegha
Published: February 2023

There have been several remediation techniques for oil spill-impacted soil in the Nigerian Niger Delta which has not given the much-desired results as the methods used were either inappropriate for the environment or ineffective for the different soil types in the Niger Delta. Bioremediation is a cost-effective and environmentally friendly technology that exploits the capabilities of microorganisms to degrade organic pollutants leading to complete mineralization. It has become the most preferred technique for oil spill remediation on soil in Nigeria. This study is aimed at developing a biodegradation model using biodegradation ratios of a biostimulated biodegradation experiment on crude oil polluted/spiked soil. The model design criteria involve inoculating varying amounts of nutrients (N.P.K fertilizer) into a soil media impacted with crude oil at a ratio of 10kg/kg (10% w/w). The medium for the presentation of the nutrient was water and the volume of water used varied from 30% to 80% saturation.  Samples were taken at an interval of about three months to monitor the changes in diagnostic ratios (nC17/Pr, nC18/Ph, (nC17+nC18)/(Pr+Ph) using gas chromatography (GC-FID). Results obtained were used to develop a biostimulated biodegradation model to forecast/predict the rate of bioremediation assuming the design considerations are consistent. The model adopted was constrained to the diagnostic ratio (nC17+nC18)/(Pr+Ph) which describes the biostimulated biodegradation for all the sample sets. A linear regression model equation, y=c+bx was employed in the model.
Dispensing of Ivermectin From Veterans Administration Pharmacies During the COVID-19 Pandemic
Authors: Becker Nora V. , Seelye Sarah , Chua Kao-Ping , Echevarria Kelly , Conti Rena M. , Prescott Hallie C.
Published: February 2023

This cohort study compares changes in ivermectin dispensing during the COVID-19 pandemic between the Veterans Administration (VA) and retail pharmacy settings and examines the association of the VA national formulary restriction with ivermectin dispensing.
Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder and Its Cross-Generational Familial Association With Anxiety Disorders in a National Swedish Extended Adoption Study
Authors: Kendler Kenneth S. , Abrahamsson Linda , Ohlsson Henrik , Sundquist Jan , Sundquist Kristina
Published: February 2023

Importance

We know little about the transmission of obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) across generations.

Objective

To evaluate the sources of parent-offspring transmission of OCD and familial cross-generational association with more typical anxiety disorders.

Design, Setting, and Participants

This Swedish population register–based study analyzed data for offspring born in Sweden from 1960 to 1995 from the following 4 family types: intact, not-lived-with biological father, lived-with stepfather, and adoptive. Follow-up occurred on December 31, 2018, and data were analyzed from April 6, 2022, to September 26, 2022.

Exposures

Three sources of parent-offspring resemblance: genes plus rearing, genes only, and rearing only.

Main Outcomes and Measures

Diagnoses of OCD, all anxiety disorders, generalized anxiety disorder (GAD), social phobia, and panic disorder were obtained from national inpatient, outpatient, and primary care medical registers. Parent-child resemblance was assessed by tetrachoric correlation (r).

Results

The offspring population consisted of 2 413 128 individuals; mean (SD) age at follow-up was 40.2 (10.7) years, 1 258 670 individuals (52.2%) were male, and 1 154 458 individuals (47.8%) were female. For each type of parent-child relationship, the best-estimate correlation for OCD for genes plus rearing was 0.19 (95% CI, 0.17 to 0.20); genes only, 0.18 (95% CI, 0.11 to 0.24); and rearing only, 0.04 (95% CI, −0.10 to 0.19). From bivariate adoption analyses, the cross-generational genetic correlations between OCD with anxiety disorder diagnostic categories were estimated as follows: for all anxiety disorders, 0.62 (95% CI, 0.46 to 0.77); GAD, 0.87 (95% CI, 0.53 to 1.00); social phobia, 0.70 (95% CI, 0.31 to 1.00); and panic disorder, 0.47 (95% CI, 0.20 to 0.73).

Conclusions and Relevance

This Swedish population register–based study found that OCD was transmitted from parents to children largely through a genetic relationship, with rearing playing a minor role. Viewed cross-generationally, OCD and anxiety disorders were moderately genetically correlated, with the genetic correlations strongest between OCD and GAD, intermediate for OCD and social phobia, and weakest between OCD and panic disorder. These genetic correlations were modestly attenuated when diagnostic hierarchies were imposed before analysis.
Enzymatically Crosslinked Collagen as a Versatile Matrix for In Vitro and In Vivo Co‐Engineering of Blood and Lymphatic Vasculature
Authors: Rütsche Dominic , Nanni Monica , Rüdisser Simon , Biedermann Thomas , Zenobi‐Wong Marcy
Published: February 2023

Adequate vascularization is required for the successful translation of many in vitro engineered tissues. This study presents a novel collagen derivative that harbors multiple recognition peptides for orthogonal enzymatic crosslinking based on sortase A (SrtA) and Factor XIII (FXIII). SrtA‐mediated crosslinking enables the rapid co‐engineering of human blood and lymphatic microcapillaries and mesoscale capillaries in bulk hydrogels. Whereas tuning of gel stiffness determines the extent of neovascularization, the relative number of blood and lymphatic capillaries recapitulates the ratio of blood and lymphatic endothelial cells originally seeded into the hydrogel. Bioengineered capillaries readily form luminal structures and exhibit typical maturation markers both in vitro and in vivo. The secondary crosslinking enzyme Factor XIII is used for in situ tethering of the VEGF mimetic QK peptide to collagen. This approach supports the formation of blood and lymphatic capillaries in the absence of exogenous VEGF. Orthogonal enzymatic crosslinking is further used to bioengineer hydrogels with spatially defined polymer compositions with pro‐ and anti‐angiogenic properties. Finally, macroporous scaffolds based on secondary crosslinking of microgels enable vascularization independent from supporting fibroblasts. Overall, this work demonstrates for the first time the co‐engineering of mature micro‐ and meso‐sized blood and lymphatic capillaries using a highly versatile collagen derivative.
Near Zero‐Threshold Voltage P‐N Junction Diodes Based on Super‐Semiconducting Nanostructured Ag/Al Arrays
Authors: Li Zhigang , Li Jiteng , Wang Weike , Yan Qijie , Zhou Yongrui , Zhu Luping , Cao Bingqiang , Wei Bingqing
Published: February 2023

Semiconductor devices are currently one of the most common energy consumption devices. Significantly reducing the energy consumption of semiconductor devices with advanced energy‐efficient technologies is highly desirable. The discovery of super‐semiconductors (SSCs) based on metallic bi‐layer shell arrays provides an opportunity to realize ultra‐low‐power consumption semiconductor devices. As an example, the achievement of near zero‐threshold voltage in p‐n junction diodes based on super‐semiconducting nanostructured Ag/Al arrays is reported, realizing ultra‐low‐power p‐n junction diodes: ≈3 W per trillion diodes with a working voltage of 1 V or 30 mW per trillion diodes with an operating voltage of 0.1 V. In addition, the p‐n junction diodes exhibit a high breakdown field of ≈1.1 × 106 V cm−1, similar to that of SiC and GaN, due to a robust built‐in field driven by infrared light photons. The SSC p‐n diodes with near zero‐threshold voltage and high breakdown field allow access to ultra‐low‐power semiconducting transistors, integrated circuits, chips, etc.
Polarization‐Controlled Chromo‐Encryption
Authors: Wang Hsiang‐Chu , Martin Olivier J. F.
Published: February 2023

The response of simple plasmonic nanorods to polarized illumination is studied in detail. Depending on the orientation of that polarization with respect to the symmetry axes of the nanostructure, a chiral response can occur, which can be analyzed through a second polarizer, in order to control the spectral response of the system. Specifically, for the Ag nanorods fabricated here, a broad variety of colors can be produced that cover half of the chromaticity diagram. Depending on the illumination and detection polarizations, these colors range from white to vivid colors or even black, in spite of the fact that the material at hand does not absorb much light. By exploiting two additional degrees of freedom, namely the nanorod length and its orientation within the unit cell, it is possible to produce a very rich palette of optical effects that are controlled by the polarization of light. Their utilization to reproduce artworks is demonstrated, together with their operation as encrypting system, where the polarizations are used as keys and the message is encrypted in a quaternary color subset.
5D Opto‐Magnetization Endowed by Physics‐Enhanced Deep Learning
Authors: Yan Weichao , Huang Guoning , Zhang Xiaohao , Zhou Jia , Cai Mengqiang , Xiao Ruiming , Chen Peng , Dai Guohong , Deng Xiaohua , Nie Zhongquan
Published: February 2023

In the era of big data, all‐optical control of the magnetization is recognized as an alternative scheme that boosts the accelerating advance of multifunctional integrated opto‐magnetization devices with high‐density capacity. The light‐induced magnetizations demonstrated so far are devoted to steering their spatial orientations and structures by engineering the complicated phase, amplitude, and polarization modulations of incident wavefronts, which, however, confront low efficiency, weak flexibility, and limited dimension. To tackle these issues efficaciously, a novel strategy is proposed to first achieve 5D opto‐magnetization composed of 3D spatial location, vectorial orientation as well as magnitude. This relies on physics‐enhanced deep learning incorporating multilayer perceptron (MLP) artificial neural network and opto‐magnetization principles. The preeminent magnetization morphology largely expedites the improvement in multi‐dimensional storage. The proposed facile approach is time‐efficient, flexible, and accurate to attain the prescribed magnetization. Moreover, the presenting findings and proposed route are not only applied for magnetization manipulation, but also applicable to the control of the structured light field.
Terahertz Waveguides by Coupling Plasmon Polaritons of Cylindrical Metal Wires and a Graphene‐Embedded Slot Waveguide
Authors: Huang Chia-Chih , Huang Chia-Chien
Published: February 2023

Transmitting and processing terahertz (THz) signals in a chip‐scale form are tremendously important due to extensive demands for these signals in various applications ranging from sensing, imaging, communication, and spectroscopy. However, developing compact and low‐loss THz devices is still a challenging task. Herein, a novel waveguide structure consisting of a graphene‐embedded slot waveguide sandwiched between two cylindrical metal wires operating in the THz range of f = 1–5 THz is proposed. By appropriately modulating the mode hybridizing from the graphene slot waveguide and cylindrical metal wires, the resultant mode obtains a long propagation distance of 192 μm, while maintaining an ultrasmall mode area of 1.7 × 10−4, thereby achieving an unprecedented high figure of merit (FoM) = 12 985. Compared with other reported structures, the proposed structure outperforms other reported structures in term of FoM, crosstalk, and fabrication difficulty. Furthermore, the degree of integration is evaluated by analyzing crosstalk between adjacent waveguides. With an edge‐to‐edge spacing of 2.7 μm, the power transfer between waveguides can be ignored and the crosstalk is approximately frequency independent. It is believed that the proposed design paves an insightful approach into designing a wider variety of promising THz photonic integrated circuits.
Numerical analysis of reaction kinetic accompanying flow and dispersion in structured ZSM‐5@SiC open‐cell foam catalyst
Authors: Yan Peng , Ding Qiuyan , Zou Jing , Na Jian , Geng Xueli , Li Hong , Gao Xin
Published: February 2023

Chaotic flow inside porous media accelerates the transport, mixing, and reaction of molecules and particles in widespread natural and factitious processes. Current macroscopic models based on the average pore‐scale variations show obvious limitations in the prediction of many chemical processes. In this article, we reconstruct microscopic foam structures using micro‐computed tomography to simulate fluid flow in structured ZSM‐5@SiC foam catalyst. Moreover, we propose a conceptual model based on the microscopic mean square displacement theory to characterize the effective dispersion inside an open‐cell foam. This model will explain the flow characteristics of confined fluid inside the porous media from fluid elements perspective. Particularly, dispersion factor and structure factor, as key parts of this model, perfectly interpret the driving characteristics of pressure drop, velocity different, and reaction in continuous foam media flow. This work also provides a unique means of predicting reaction kinetics of confined fluid in structured foam catalyst.
The Rise of Machine Learning in Polymer Discovery
Authors: Yan Cheng , Li Guoqiang
Published: February 2023

In the recent decades, with rapid development in computing power and algorithms, machine learning (ML) has exhibited its enormous potential in new polymer discovery. Herein, the history of ML is described and the basic process of ML accelerated polymer discovery is summarized. Next, the four steps in this process are reviewed, that is, dataset selection, fingerprinting, ML framework, and new polymer generation. Finally, a couple of main challenges for ML accelerated polymer discovery is presented and the outlooks in this field are prospected. It is expected that this review can service as a useful tool for the people who just step into this field and deepen the understanding for the people who are already in this field.
Alloying‐Triggered Phase Engineering of NiFe System via Laser‐Assisted Al Incorporation for Full Water Splitting
Authors: Liu Xiaoyu , Lu Haolin , Zhu Shengli , Cui Zhenduo , Li Zhaoyang , Wu Shuilin , Xu Wence , Liang Yanqin , Long Guankui , Jiang Hui
Published: February 2023

It is challenging to design one non‐noble material with balanced bifunctional performance for hydrogen evolution reaction (HER) and oxygen evolution reaction (OER) for commercial sustainability at a low cost since the different electrocatalytic mechanisms are not easily matchable for each other. Herein, a self‐standing hybrid system Ni18Fe12Al70, consisting of Ni2Al3and Ni3Fe phases, was constructed by laser‐assisted aluminum (Al) incorporation towards full water splitting. It was found that the incorporation of Al could effectively tune the morphologies, compositions and phases. The results indicate that Ni18Fe12Al70delivers an extremely low overpotential to trigger both HER (η100=188 mV) and OER (η100=345 mV) processes and maintains a stable overpotential for 100 h, comparable to state‐of‐the‐art electrocatalysts. The synergistic effect of Ni2Al3and Ni3Fe alloys on the HER process is confirmed based on theoretical calculation.
Accelerated cell culture process development and characterization for cilgavimab/tixagevimab (AZD7442) for the prevention and treatment of COVID‐19
Authors: Handlogten Michael W. , Bosley Stefanie , Dunn Sarah , Zhu Jie , Lee‐O'Brien Allison , Li Lina , Therres Jamy , Chakrabarti Lina , Khanal Bijay , Mowery Rachel , Arumugam Subhashini , Klover Judith , Taleb Mohammed , Reier Jason , Hatton Diane , Schmelzer Albert
Published: February 2023

The global COVID‐19 pandemic ignited an unprecedented race to develop vaccines and antibody therapeutics. AstraZeneca's pursuit to provide AZD7442 (EVUSHELD), two long‐acting, SARS‐CoV‐2 spike receptor binding domain‐specific neutralizing monoclonal antibodies, to individuals at risk on highly accelerated timelines challenged our traditional ways of process development and spurred the rapid adoption of novel approaches. Conventional upstream development processes were replaced by agile strategies that combined technological advances and highly accelerated workflows. With calculated business risks and close cross‐functional collaborations, this process paved the way for hyper accelerated antibody development from discovery through manufacturing, process validation, emergency use authorization filing, and global regulatory approvals. The result was initiation of commercial manufacturing at a contract manufacturing organization less than 6 months from the selection of cilgavimab and tixagevimab—a process that historically has taken close to 10 years.
Repeat hepatic resection combined with intraoperative radiofrequency ablation versus repeat hepatic resection alone for recurrent and multiple hepatocellular carcinoma patients meeting the Barcelona Clinic Liver Cancer stage A: A propensity score‐matched analysis
Authors: Huang Yang , Xu Liangliang , Huang Min , Jiang Li , Xu Mingqing
Published: February 2023

Background

The surgical indications and therapeutic strategies for early‐stage multifocal and recurrent hepatocellular carcinoma (rHCC) remain controversial. This study compared the long‐term outcome of patients with recurrent and multifocal HCC meeting the Barcelona Clinic Liver Cancer (BCLC) stage A with repeat hepatectomy (RH) and RH combined with intraoperative radiofrequency ablation (RFA).

Methods

A total of 109 consecutive patients with intrahepatic early‐stage multifocal rHCC within BCLC stage A following RH or RH + RFA were retrospectively collected from April 2010 to May 2020. Propensity score matching, subgroup analysis, and univariate and multivariate analyses were performed. Overall survival after recurrence (rOS) and recurrence‐free survival after recurrence (rRFS) were calculated by Kaplan–Meier analysis.

Results

The 1‐, 3‐, and 5‐year rOS and rRFS of the combination group and the RH group were similar (p = .699; p = .587, respectively). The similar results also appeared in matched population. Subgroup analyses indicated that there was no significant difference between patients with two tumors and three tumors, but the RH group was associated with better rRFS than the combination group for patients whose tumors were located in the same lobe (p = .045). Multivariate analysis revealed that time to recurrence (TTR) ≤ 2 years and intrahepatic metastasis (IM) pathologically were independent risk factors.

Conclusions

For multifocal rHCC patients meeting the BCLC stage A, tumor which is difficult to be surgically resected could be treated by RFA in order to avoid complications or bleeding. Tumors which were located in the same lobe may be more suitable to be treated by RH alone.
Blue light induces apoptosis and autophagy by promoting ROS‐mediated mitochondrial dysfunction in synovial sarcoma
Authors: Takeuchi Makoto , Nishisho Toshihiko , Toki Shunichi , Kawaguchi Shinji , Tamaki Shunsuke , Oya Takeshi , Uto Yoshihiro , Katagiri Toyomasa , Sairyo Koichi
Published: February 2023

Background

Synovial sarcoma (SS) has limited treatment options and there is an urgent need to develop a novel therapeutic strategy to treat SS. Blue light (BL) has been shown to inhibit the growth of several cancer cells. However, the efficacy of BL in soft tissue sarcomas such as SS has not been demonstrated, and the detailed mechanism underlying the antitumor activity of BL is not fully understood. In this study, we investigated the antitumor effect of BL on SS.

Methods

Human SS cell lines were continuously irradiated with BL using light‐emitting diodes (LEDs) in an incubator for in vitro analysis. The chicken chorioallantoic membrane (CAM) tumors and xenograft tumors in mice were subjected to daily BL irradiation with LEDs.

Results

BL caused growth inhibition of SS cells and histological changes in CAM tumors. BL also suppressed the migration and invasion abilities of SS cells. The type of cell death in SS cells was revealed to be apoptosis. Furthermore, BL induced excessive production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) in mitochondria, resulting in oxidative stress and malfunctioned mitochondria. Reducing the production of ROS using N‐acetylcysteine (NAC), a ROS scavenger, attenuated the inhibitory effect of BL on SS cells and mitochondrial dysfunction. In addition, BL induced autophagy, which was suppressed by the administration of NAC. The autophagy inhibitor of 3‐methyladenine and small interfering RNA against the autophagy marker light chain 3B facilitated apoptotic cell death. Moreover, BL suppressed tumor growth in a mouse xenograft model.

Conclusion

Taken together, our results revealed that BL induced apoptosis via the ROS‐mitochondrial signaling pathway, and autophagy was activated in response to the production of ROS, which protected SS cells from apoptosis. Therefore, BL is a promising candidate for the development of an antitumor therapeutic strategy targeting SS.
Fabrication of Transition Metal (Mn, Co, Ni, Cu)‐Embedded Faveolate ZnFe2O4 Spinel Structure with Robust CO2 Hydrogenation into Value‐added C2+ Hydrocarbons
Authors: Cai Wei , Han Hongjie , Hu Chenyao , Ye Caichao , Cao Yan , Wang Yi , Fu Junxiang , Zhao Yunxia , Bu Yunfei
Published: February 2023

CO2 hydrogenation is the most efficient way to achieve the goal of “Carbon Neutral,” and the transition metals (Mn, Co, Ni, Cu)‐embedded faveolate ZnFe2O4 were fabricated and then evaluated with a CO2 hydrogenation test. The systematic investigation of the effect of the introduced transition metals on the catalytic performance revealed that the activity was influenced by the surface structure, especially by the surface Fe−C percentages. The introduction of Zn could increase CO2 adsorption, thus promoting the reverse water gas shift (RWGS) reaction, which is considered the first step during CO2 hydrogenation. The surface Fe−C species played a significant role during the Fischer‐Tropsch (F−T) synthesis, specific to the carbon chain growth process. Among all catalysts, Co‐doped ZnFe2O4 exhibited the highest surface Fe−C percentage; therefore, it exhibited the optimal CO2 conversion, C2+ selectivity, C2‐C4 space‐time yield, and olefin/paraffin ratio, which were 42.12 %, 81.26 %, 34.64 %, and 40.25 %, respectively. Furthermore, the introduced Co species can also act as active sites to enhance the activation and dissociation of CO2, as confirmed by theoretical adsorption calculations.
Beneficial Effect of W Incorporation in Supported Mo‐based Catalysts for the HDO of m‐Cresol
Authors: Farah Bertha , Lancelot Christine , Blanchard Pascal , Richard Frédéric , Lamonier Carole
Published: February 2023

The hydrodeoxygenation (HDO) of m‐cresol was investigated at 340 °C under 30 bar as total pressure over molybdenum oxide‐based catalysts. 10 wt.% Mo were first deposited on various supports (ZrO2, TiO2, Al2O3 and COK12). The use of oxophilic ZrO2 and TiO2 supports allowed to obtain the highest HDO catalytic performances. This result could be in link with the reducibility of Mo, which was found to be dependent on the support nature. Several catalysts containing both W and Mo in oxide phase supported on ZrO2 were then prepared using various heteropolyacids as precursors (H4SiMoxW12‐xO40 with x=0, 3, 6, 9 and 12). A synergy was observed between Mo and W and the best catalytic performance was obtained for SiMo9W3/ZrO2. More importantly, the presence of W improved the reducibility of Mo6+ to Mo5+ species, which quantity was correlated to catalytic activity suggesting that Mo5+ could be the active phase in HDO.
Theoretical Calculations on Metal Catalysts Toward Water‐Gas Shift Reaction: a Review
Authors: Yin Pan , Yang Yusen , Yan Hong , Wei Min
Published: February 2023

Water‐gas shift (WGS) reaction offers a dominating path to hydrogen generation from fossil fuel, in which heterogeneous metal catalysts play a crucial part in this course. This review highlights and summarizes recent developments on theoretical calculations of metal catalysts developed to date, including surface structure (e. g., monometallic and polymetallic systems) and interface structure (e. g., supported catalysts and metal oxide composites), with special emphasis on the characteristics of crystal‐face effect, alloying strategy, and metal‐support interaction. A systematic summarization on reaction mechanism was performed, including redox mechanism, associative mechanism as well as hybrid mechanism; the development on chemical kinetics (e. g., molecular dynamics, kinetic Monte Carlo and microkinetic simulation) was then introduced. At the end, challenges associated with theoretical calculations on metal catalysts toward WGS reaction are discussed and some perspectives on the future advance of this field are provided.
Highly Fluorescent Supramolecular Nanoring Composed of Bent‐Shaped Cyanostilbene Derivatives and Cucurbit[8]urils
Authors: Il Kim Seong , Ju Kim Hyeong , Young Park Soo
Published: February 2023

Supramolecular organic frameworks (SOFs) made of organic guest molecule and cucurbit[8]uril (CB[8]) in aqueous solution have great potential for diverse applications. Herein, we designed highly fluorescent zero‐dimensional (0D) nano‐ring SOF with CB[8] as a host and novel bent‐shaped cyanostilbene guest. This host–guest complex successfully formed macrocyclic hexamer and showed significantly enhanced fluorescence (ΦF=68 %) compared to non‐assembled monomer (ΦF=2 %). Unlike other SOFs, this 0D SOF could be dispersed uniformly without bundling phenomenon in water.
Introducing Aliphatic Fluoropeptides: Perspectives on Folding Properties, Membrane Partition and Proteolytic Stability
Authors: Hohmann Thomas , Chowdhary Suvrat , Ataka Kenichi , Er Jasmin , Dreyhsig Gesa Heather , Heberle Joachim , Koksch Beate
Published: February 2023

A de novo designed class of peptide‐based fluoropolymers composed of fluorinated aliphatic amino acids as main components is reported. Structural characterization provided insights into fluorine‐induced alterations on β‐strand to α‐helix transition upon an increase in SDS content and revealed the unique formation of PPII structures for trifluorinated fluoropeptides. A combination of circular dichroism, fluorescence‐based leaking assays and surface enhanced infrared absorption spectroscopy served to examine the insertion and folding processes into unilamellar vesicles. While partitioning into lipid bilayers, the degree of fluorination conducts a decrease in α‐helical content. Furthermore, this study comprises a report on the proteolytic stability of peptides exclusively built up by fluorinated amino acids and proved all sequences to be enzymatically degradable despite the degree of fluorination. Herein presented fluoropeptides as well as the distinctive properties of these artificial and polyfluorinated foldamers with enzyme‐degradable features will play a crucial role in the future development of fluorinated peptide‐based biomaterials.
Scaffold Remodelling of Diazaspirotricycles Enables Synthesis of Diverse sp3‐Rich Compounds With Distinct Phenotypic Effects
Authors: Okolo Ephraim A. , Pahl Axel , Sievers Sonja , Pask Christopher M. , Nelson Adam , Marsden Stephen P.
Published: February 2023

A ‘top down’ scaffold remodelling approach to library synthesis was applied to spirotricyclic ureas prepared by a complexity‐generating oxidative dearomatisation. Eighteen structurally‐distinct, sp3‐rich scaffolds were accessed from the parent tricycle through ring addition, cleavage and expansion strategies. Biological screening of a small compound library based on these scaffolds using the cell‐painting assay demonstrated distinctive phenotypic responses engendered by different library members, illustrating the functional as well as structural diversity of the compounds.