bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
LEARNING MATERIAL INTEGRATED ALTERNATIVE TECHNOLOGY IN WASTED ENVIRONMENT OF GOLD MINE TO ENHANCE COGNITION OF ENVIRONMENTAL LITERACY
Authors: Nurmayanti Novi
Published: March 2020

LEARNING MATERIAL INTEGRATED ALTERNATIVE TECHNOLOGY IN WASTED ENVIRONMENT OF GOLD MINE TO ENHANCE COGNITION OF ENVIRONMENTALMATERI BELAJAR TEKNOLOGI ALTERNATIF TERINTEGRASI DI LINGKUNGAN LIMBAH TAMBANG EMAS UNTUK MENINGKATKAN KEMAMPUAN LINGKUNGANNovi Nurmayanti, Sri AtunUniversitas Negeri Yogyakarta, IndonesiaNovinurmayanti25@gmail.comAbstractWest Kalimantan Province has damages over quater out of its area. It caused by exploration of mining, one of which is gold mining. The decay is needed for responsible of the people, include the students who live arround the area in order to make them qualified in understanding and caring to the environment. The objective of this study is to indicate the cognition improvement of environmental literacy using learning material integrated alternative technology in wasted environment of gold mine. The method used is quasi experiment. Data were collected by doing observation, documentation and test for the experiment class and control class with 31 students for each class. The result showed that there is any of cognition enhancement presented by N-Gain of 0.43 as moderate category in experiment class and 0.13 as low category in control class. The significant improvement of experiment class is attributed by the use of learning material integrated alternative technology in wasted environment of gold mine which is qualified to enhance students’ cognition of environmental literacy.AbstrakProvinsi Kalimantan Barat memiliki kerusakan karena quater keluar dari wilayahnya. Hal itu disebabkan oleh eksplorasi penambangan, salah satunya penambangan emas.Kerusakan ini harus dibertanggung jawabkan  oleh masyarakat, termasuk siswa yang tinggal di sekitar daerah agar mereka memenuhi syarat dalam memahami dan peduli terhadap lingkungan. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk menunjukkan peningkatan kognisi literasi lingkungan menggunakan bahan pembelajaran teknologi alternatif terintegrasi di lingkungan limbah tambang emas. Metode yang digunakan adalah eksperimen semu. Data dikumpulkan dengan melakukan observasi, dokumentasi dan tes untuk kelas eksperimen dan kelas kontrol dengan 31 siswa untuk setiap kelas. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa ada peningkatan kognisi yang disajikan oleh N-Gain dari 0,43 sebagai kategori sedang di kelas eksperimen dan 0,13 sebagai kategori rendah di kelas kontrol. Peningkatan yang signifikan dari kelas eksperimen disebabkan oleh penggunaan bahan pembelajaran teknologi alternatif yang terintegrasi dalam lingkungan limbah tambang emas yang memenuhi syarat untuk meningkatkan pengetahuan siswa tentang literasi lingkungan.
EDUCATION FOR SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT (EfSD): GAP OF INDICATORS FOR ENVIRONMENTAL LITERACY ACHIEVEMENT IN THE MIDDLE SCHOOL CURRICULUM
Authors: Anggraini Widy - , Karyanto Puguh - , Sarwanto Sarwanto -
Published: March 2020

EDUCATION FOR SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT (EfSD): KESENJANGAN INDIKATOR UNTUK PENCAPAIAN LITERASI LINGKUNGAN DALAM KURIKULUM SEKOLAH MENENGAH PERTAMAAbstractEnvironmental education is one way to empower the environment where literacy can support sustainable development programs known as Education for Sustainable Development (EfSD). This study aimed to analyze the environmental literacy indicators in the curriculum of middle schools. The lesson plan in the middle school became the main subject for document analysis. This research is evaluation research. The data were collected with non-test techniques in the form of interviews and documentation. Qualitative analysis in the form of a matrix became the instrument used to analyze the gap of the indicators of the ideal knowledge and those of the aktual knowledge. The results indicated that out of 20 aktual indicators, there were 10 irrelevant indicators with the ideal indicators according to the New Ecological Paradigm (NEP) and the ecological concept according to Lewinsohn. The gap between indicators of achieving environmental literacy can be overcome by substituting the overall ecological concept in the lesson plan for the environment-related material. The existence of a strong ecological concept is expected to be the initial provision for students to empower environmental literacy.AbstrakPendidikan lingkungan menjadi salah satu cara untuk memberdayakan literasi lingkungan sehingga dapat mendukung program pembangunan berkelanjutan atau dikenal sebagai Education for Sustainable Development (EfSD). Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis kesenjangan indikator pencapaian literasi lingkungan dalam kurikulum sekolah menengah pertama (SMP). Rencana perangkat pembelajaran di SMP menjadi subjek utama dokumen yang dianalisis. Jenis penelitian yang digunakan adalah penelitian evaluasi (evaluation research). Pengumpulan data dilakukan dengan teknik non-tes berupa wawancara dan dokumentasi. Analisis kualitatif dalam bentuk matriks menjadi alat yang digunakan dalam menganalisis kesenjangan indikator pengetahuan ideal dengan indikator aktual. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa dari 20 indikator aktual terdapat 10 indikator yang tidak relevan dengan indikator ideal menurut New Ecological Paradigm (NEP) dan konsep ekologi menurut Lewinsohn. Kesenjangan antara indikator pencapaian literasi lingkungan dapat diatasi dengan mensubstitusi konsep ekologi secara utuh kedalam rencana pelaksanaan pembelajaran untuk materi yang berhubungan dengan lingkungan. Adanya konsep ekologi yang kuat diharapkan dapat menjadi bekal sejak dini bagi siswa untuk memberdayakan literasi lingkungan.
THE IMPACT OF TEAMWORK SKILLS TO LEARNING ACHIEVEMENT IN FORCE CONCEPTUAL FOR JUNIOR HIGH SCHOOL
Authors: Utomo Yosan Setyo
Published: March 2020

PENGARUH KETERAMPILAN KERJASAMA TERHADAP PRESTASI BELAJAR KONSEP GAYA PADA PEMBELAJARAN IPA SMPAbstractThis study aims to determine the effect of high teamwork skills and low teamwork skills on student learning achievement on the concept of force. This research was conducted in SMP Negeri 2 Surakarta Academic Year 2018/2019. The sample used in this study were 61 students. This research was included in experimental research. Sampling is done using simple random sampling technique. Data retrieval is done by using multiple choice tests as many as 20 items to get learning achievement data on force concepts and observation sheets for data on teamwork skills. Analysis of the data used is non-parametric statistical test, namely the Mann-Whitney U test. With the statistical analysis performed, it is obtained that the sig. value 0,000. Because of the sig. value 0,000 <0.05, it can be concluded that Ho was rejected. This shows high and low teamwork skills affect the learning achievement of students on the concept of force. Students who have high teamwork skills who have higher learning achievement with a mean of 74.41 students who have low teamwork skills with a mean of 53.15.AbstrakPenelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui pengaruh keterampilan kerjasama tinggi dan rendah terhadap prestasi belajar peserta didik pada konsep gaya. Penelitian ini dilakukan di SMP Negeri 2 Surakarta Tahun Ajaran 2018/2019. Sampel yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini berjumlah 61 peserta didik. Metode penelitian yang digunakan adalah penelitian eksperimen. Pengambilan sampel dilakukan dengan menggunakan teknik simple random sampling. Pengambilan  data dilakukan dengan menggunakan tes objektif pilihan ganda sebanyak 20 butir soal untuk mendapatkan data prestasi belajar pada konsep gaya dan lembar observasi untuk mendapatkan data keterampilan kerjasama. Analisis data yang digunakan yaitu uji statistik non-parametrik dengan menggunakan uji Mann-Whitney U. Berdasarkan analisis statistik yang dilakukan, diperoleh bahwa nilai sig. 0,000. Karena nilai sig. < 0,05 maka dapat disimpulkan Ho ditolak. Hal ini menunjukkan keterampilan kerjasama tinggi dan rendah berpengaruh terhadap prestasi belajar peserta didik pada konsep gaya. Hasilnya dapat dinyatakan bahwa peserta didikyang memiliki keterampilan kerjasama tinggi memiliki prestasi belajar yang lebih tinggi dengan rerata 74,41 daripada peserta didikyang memiliki keterampilan kerjasama rendah dengan rerata prestasi belajar 53,15.
THE ANALYSIS OF STUDENT’S WRITTEN COMMUNICATION SKILLS IN SCIENCE LEARNING BASED ON GENDER IN THE MIDDLE SCHOOL IN SOUTH TANGERANG REGION
Authors: Hariyanto Hariyanto , Yamtinah S , Sukarmin Sukarmin , Saputro Sulistyo , Mahardiani L
Published: March 2020

ANALISIS KETERAMPILAN KOMUNIKASI TERTULIS SISWA DALAM PEMBELAJARAN ILMU PENGETAHUAN ALAM (IPA) BERDASARKAN GENDER DI SEKOLAH MENENGAH DI WILAYAH TANGERANG SELATAN AbstrakKeterampilan komunikasi tulisan merupakan keterampilan yang sangat penting didalam era globalisasi dan termasuk kedalam salah satu keterampilan belajar abad 21 yang harus diberdayakan dalam pembelajaran. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk komunikasi tulisan peserta didik secara real di sekolah berdasarkan gender. Subjek dalam penelitian ini berjumlah 186 orang dengan rincian 88 orang laki-laki dan 98 orang perempuan. Metode yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah metode penelitian deskriptif kuatitatif. Instrumen penelitian yang digunakan berupa lembar observasi dan pedoman wawancara. Data yang didapatkan kemudian dianalisis secara kuantitatif sehingga didapatkan nilai keterampilan komunikasi peserta didik. Hasil penelitian mengungkapkan tidak terdapat perbedaan yang terlalu besar antara nilai keterampilan komunikasi tulisan peserta didik laki-laki dan perempuan. Masing-masing gender(laki-laki dan perempuan) mendapatkan rata-rata nilai 1,44 dan 1,45, namun keduanya masih masuk kedalam kategori nilai huruf D+. Nilai keterampilan komunikasi tulisan peserta didik masih relative rendah dengan nilai rata-rata 1,44 (D+). Hasil ini masih jauh dibawah standar pemerintah dalam Permendikbud No. 104 tahun 2014 yaitu 2,67 (B-) untuk aspek keterampilan. Hal tersebut mengindikasikan perlu ditingkatkannya pelatihan keterampilan komunikasi didalam pembelajaran.AbstractWritten communication skills are essential for the globalization era, and it is one of the 21st-century skills that must be empowered in learning. This study aimed to determine the profile of learners’ written communication skills in real terms by gender. The subjects in this study were 186 students, consisted of 88 male and 98 female students in detail. The method used in this research was a descriptive-quantitative research method. The research instrument used was an observation sheet and the form of an interview. The data obtained were then analyzed quantitatively so that the value of the students’ communication skills was appropriately obtained. The results of the study had found that there were not too differences in the mean values of male and female written communication skills. Each of them got an average score of 1.44 and 1.45, but both are still in the D+ category of value. The value of the students’ written communication skills was still relatively low, with a value of 1.44, interpreted as a D+ category. The results were far below government standards as regulated in the Minister of Education and Culture No. 104 of 2014, which is equal to 2.67 (B-). Further study is needed to improve training in students’ written communication skills in learning.
IDENTIFICATION OF MISCONCEPTION OF HIGH SCHOOL STUDENTS ON TEMPERATURE AND CALOR TOPIC USING FOUR-TIER DIAGNOSTIC INSTRUMENT
Authors: Maison Maison , Safitri Ida Cuci , Wardana Rendy Wikrama
Published: March 2020

IDENTIFIKASI MISCONCEPTION MAHASISWA SEKOLAH TINGGI PADA TEMPERATUR DAN TOPIK KALOR MENGGUNAKAN INSTRUMEN DIAGNOSTIK EMPAT-TIER AbstrakMiskonsepsi merupakan suatu konsepsi seseorang yang tidak sesuai dengan konsepsi ilmiah yang dimiliki oleh para ahli. Miskonsepsi harus dihindari dan kalau sudah terjadi perlu diremediasi karena dapat menjadi faktor penghambat dalam proses belajar siswa. Namun, miskonsepsi tidak mudah diidentifikasi, diperlukan instrumen khusus dan langkah-langkah tertentu untuk mengungkapkannya. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk menggali, mengungkap, serta mendeskripsikan miskonsepsi siswa pada materi suhu dan kalor. Responden penelitian berjumlah 127 orang yang merupakan siswa dari SMA favorit di Jambi. Instrumen yang digunakan untuk pengumpulan data adalah Four-Tier Diagnostic Instrument pada materi suhu dan kalor. Analisis data dilakukan dengan cara mencari persentase jawaban benar pada setiap tingkat (tier) untuk setiap item dan persentase jawaban miskonsepsi untuk setiap kategori. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan  bahwa 10 jenis miskonsepsi pada materi suhu dan kalor pada siswa telah dapat diidentifikasi dengan menggunakan sembilan buah item instrumen. Rata-rata miskonsepsi adalah sebesar 24.25%, False Positif sebesar 9,01%, False Negatif sebesar 4,72%, dan Lack of Knowledge sebesar 10,32% pada materi suhu dan kalor. persentase miskonsepsi tertinggi terletak pada miskonsepsi keenam (M6) sebesar 58,27%, yaitu “Ketika berada pada ruang yang sama suhu besi lebih rendah daripada suhu benda di sekitarnya”.AbstractThe misconception is a conception of someone who is not in accordance with the scientific conception possessed by experts. Misconceptions must be avoided, and if they occur, they need to be remediated because they can be a limiting factor in student learning. However, misconceptions are not easily identified; special instruments and specific steps are needed to express them. The purpose of this study is to explore, uncover, and describe students' misconceptions in temperature and heat material. The research respondents were 127 students from a favorite high school in Jambi. The instrument used for data collection was the Four-Tier Diagnostic Instrument on temperature and heat material. Data analysis was done by finding the percentage of correct answers at each level (tier) for each item and the percentage of answers to misconceptions for each category. The results showed that ten types of misconceptions in the temperature and heat material in students had been identified using nine instrument items. The average misconception is 24.25%, False Positive is 9.01%, False Negative is 4.72%, and Lack of Knowledge is 10.32% in temperature and heat material. The highest percentage of misconception lies in the sixth misconception (M6) of 58.27%, namely "When in the same room the temperature of the iron is lower than the temperature of the objects around it".
THE INFLUENCE OF INQUIRY BASED LEARNING (IBL) TOWARD SCIENCE ‎LITERATION SKILL OF STUDENTS
Authors: Muslim Buchori , Zulfiani Zulfiani Zulfiani , Azizah Alif Luthvi
Published: March 2020

This research aims to determine the effect of Inquiry-Based Learning (IBL) for students grade VIII’s scientific literacy skill based on the plant tissues concept. The method used in this research is a quasi-experimental method. The instrument used in this study is a science literacy test capabilities containing eight number of type Open-Constructed Response task which is follows the pattern of PISA’s framework and adapted the concept of plant tissues material. Observation sheet used to assess students in performing the learning stages of inquiry-based learning (IBL) particularly. The pretest and posttest in this experiment showed that there are  different result betwenscientifict literacy skill of students before and after the implementation learning model of inquiry-based learning (IBL). The scientifict literacy skill of students after the implementation  of IBL better than before the implementation. it is explained that the learning model of inquiry-based learning (IBL) affect the students’s scientific literacy skill apparently. Keywords: Inquiry-Based Learning (IBL), Plant Tissue, Scientifict Literacy Skill.
ANALYSIS OF CHRITICAL THINKING SKILL OF STUDENTS ON THE CONCEPT OF ‎HUMAN MOVEMENT SYSTEM USING CONCEPT MAP
Authors: Juanengsih Nengsih , Ramadhani Dhuhana Putri , Mardiati Yuke
Published: March 2020

Critical thinking are capability that need to analyzing, making decisions,  solving problems and making arguments. This study aims to find out critical thinking skills used concept map on human skeletal and muscular system concept. The research was conducted in State Senior High School 2 of South Tangerang City. The method used was descriptive research. The sampling was done by purposive sampling technic, and the action class was randomly determined by the teacher. The sample were 29 students. The instrument used were the concept map and interview sheet which have been tested for the validity and the reliability.  The data were analyzed by descriptive quantitative and qualitative statistic. The result shows that critical thingking skills used concept map was low-sore on average 31.95%. Concept Map can used for measure critical thinking skills especially on analysis and synthesis. Critical thingking skills used concept map indicator include two indicator, such as  analysis 34.3 %, synthesis 29.08%. Keywords : Critical Thingking skills; concept map; human skeletal and muscular system
ENVIRONMENTAL LITERACY ON GARBAGE MANAGEMENT AND GREENING ‎ACTIVITY OF HIGH SCHOOL STUDENTS IN GREEN SCHOOL AND NON-GREEN ‎SCHOOL‎
Authors: Wulandari Ratri , Sulistiyowati Eka
Published: March 2020

This survey research was conducted to understand the difference and level of environmental awareness and knowledge on solid waste management dan vegetation re-planting of students from Eco-School (adiwiyata) and Non Eco-School (non-adiwiyata). The number of respondents was 198 students from two high Eco-Schools (SMA N 1 Pengasih and MAN 2 Wates) and two high Non Eco-Schools (SMA N 1 Girimulyo and SMA N 1 Wates). Sample was chosen by random sampling. Students were given a set of questionnaires, which consisted section A tested students awareness and section B tested students knowledge. The data were statistically analysed using Mann-Whitney and descriptive statistics. The results of Mann-Whitney showed that there are significant difference on environmental awareness and knowledge between student taught in Eco-School and student taught in Non Eco-School (Sig.< 0,05). Meanwhile, the level of environmental awareness and knowledge between student taught in Eco-School and student taught in Non Eco-School are in the same level. The level of environmental awareness between student Eco-School and Non Eco-School is in the same low level and the level of environmental knowledge between student Eco-School and Non Eco-School is in the same low level. Keywords: Environmental literacy; Eco School (adiwiyata); solid waste management; vegetation re-planting
Pediatric Orphan Drug Indications: 2010–2018
Authors: Kimmel Lauren , Conti Rena M. , Volerman Anna , Chua Kao-Ping
Published: March 2020

BACKGROUND:

Orphan drug development is crucial for children, who are disproportionately affected by rare diseases. Data are lacking on the number, nature, and benefit of recently approved pediatric orphan indications.

METHODS:

We classified the 402 orphan indications the US Food and Drug Administration approved between 2010 and 2018 as “pediatric” if they were approved for children only or targeted pediatric diseases. We determined the number of unique diseases targeted by pediatric orphan indications and calculated the proportion that were for (1) novel drugs, (2) non-novel drugs approved to treat ≥1 common disease, and (3) non-novel drugs approved only to treat rare diseases. Among pediatric orphan indications eligible for US Food and Drug Administration breakthrough designation (granted to drugs potentially representing major therapeutic advances), we calculated the proportion receiving this designation.

RESULTS:

Of the 402 orphan indications, 136 (33.8%) were pediatric. These 136 indications targeted 87 unique diseases; 21 diseases were targeted by ≥1 indication. Of the 136 pediatric orphan indications, 60 (44.1%) were for novel drugs, 45 (33.1%) were for non-novel drugs approved to treat ≥1 common disease, and 31 (22.8%) were for non-novel drugs approved only to treat rare diseases. Among 97 indications eligible for breakthrough designation, 20 (20.6%) received this designation.

CONCLUSIONS:

Recent orphan drug development has increased the availability of treatments for pediatric rare diseases. Most pediatric orphan indications expanded use of existing drugs, and many targeted the same disease. Some indications may represent breakthroughs, but substantial unmet need for treatments remains for most pediatric rare diseases.
PECULIARITIES OF THE DISTRIBUTION OF COURT CASES BETWEEN JUDGES
Authors: Shcherbak A. V.
Published: March 2020

The article analyzes the legal regulation of the relations related to the functioning of the automated system of court documents circulation by means of innovative methods in order to improve the administrative and administrative functions in the judicial system of the country.
The judicial system has been the focus of much public debate in recent years. The content of these debates lies in the efficiency of the functioning of the judiciary. Considering the real impact of the people of the judiciary and litigants on the need to achieve the optimal distribution of court cases among judges in real time is an urgent need for this branch of government today. Accordingly, the use of methods and methods that will facilitate the work of the court and satisfy the requirements of participants in the process of administrative construction of the distribution of court cases and achieve as a result of a good indicator of the quality of court services is becoming a significant lever.
Courts exercise the judiciary independently, regardless of their will, subject only to the Constitution of Ukraine and the legislation of Ukraine. The quality of this activity, including the accessibility of the judiciary, the promptness, reasonableness and fairness of justice, is ensured not only by the judges, but also by their assistants and other officials of the apparatus. Creating a real optimization of the distribution of court cases is the driving force behind the process of creating an effective system in creating a high-quality operational functioning of the court apparatus and justifying trust in justice.
It is no accident that the disclosure of this problem has been made since there is always a contradiction between the benefits of ensuring the transparency of court work and the swift and qualified resolution of cases.
Human resources in the system of effective judicial administration in terms of the distribution of court cases among judges are significant levers in improving this system. An automated system makes this process a more innovative way, and a person must identify the best means of such filtering, by which, not only will the cases be quickly distributed and confidence from the participants of the process lost, but also a competent and prompt decision is made.
Creating a positive image of the judiciary through the effective work of judges through the “prism” of courtroom auxiliaries is the primary purpose of this article.
CRIMINOLOGICAL PREVENTION OF PREVENTION OF ORGANIZED
CRIME ACTIVITY AT ENTERPRISES, INSTITUTIONS, ORGANIZATIONS
Authors: Bashta I. I. , Horobets S. L.
Published: March 2020

The main factors of prevention of organized criminal activity at enterprises, establishments, and organizations are investigated in the article.
In criminological theory and practice, the prevention of organized crime is seen as a special kind of social activity to prevent crime by identifying, eliminating and neutralizing the causes that give rise to them and the conditions that contribute to them.
As a holistic integrative system for combating crime, which unites the efforts of different social institutions of society, prevention of organized crime of enterprises, institutions, organizations should be carried out both at the general social and special criminological levels.
The importance of combating organized crime should not lead to the emergence of “special” criminal processes, to the weakening of criminal procedural safeguards. The problem today is the problem of protection of law enforcement officials, provocation, compromise, involvement in criminal activity – not all the list of means used by criminals to block the actions of law enforcement agencies.
In addition, many staff members of these bodies have to work in the context of increased professional risk. In this regard, it is necessary to develop as soon as possible recommendations and proposals on the legal and social protection of law enforcement officers.
The effectiveness of measures of special criminological prevention of organized crime largely depends on the completeness of the implementation of the main provisions: implementation and compliance with the Laws of Ukraine “On Prevention of Corruption” of 27 October 2011, “On Operational Investigation Activities”, “On National Police”, “About the Security Service of Ukraine”, “About the Prosecutor’s Office”, etc.
A real assessment of the situation shows that organized crime has affected many areas of social life. Without effective measures to combat it, it is impossible to further improve social relations. Therefore, the urgent task is to develop a national program to combat organized crime.
It should be emphasized that much attention is paid in this article to the legal boundaries of the subjects and objects of prevention. State and specialized subjects of crime prevention in metallurgical complex are considered.
DEVELOPMENT AND IMPLEMENTATION OF THE SYSTEM
OF MEASURES OF DETECTION AND PREVENTION OF CORRUPTION AT THE ENTERPRISE
Authors: Bashta I. I. , Omelkovets V. V.
Published: March 2020

The article deals with the existing problematic issues of anti-corruption measures, as there is a widespread practice of ignoring the laws, which in turn leads to the possibility of avoiding liability and the actual absence of real responsibility for corruption. Effective fight against corruption in Ukraine requires proper legislative support, formation of an effective system of state bodies, ensuring proper formation.
Section 10 of the Law of Ukraine “On Prevention of Corruption” sets out the general principles for the prevention of corruption in the activities of legal entities. The general requirements for all, without exception, legal entities are to conduct regular assessment of corruption risks in their activities, as well as to develop and take necessary and reasonable measures to prevent and counteract corruption.
However, the legislator does not establish specific forms and methods of implementation of these requirements of the Law, giving legal persons the freedom to choose the most optimal tools for them.
In view of the above, corruption usually has a selfish purpose and a desire to obtain illicit remuneration to satisfy its own interest. Therefore, it can be defined that corruption is an act committed by an official or an official, through abuse of office and / or authority for the benefit of the individual at his (or other person's) request, which seeks to reward and satisfy the self-interest of the individual, who commits the act.
Anti-corruption activities are carried out within different legal relationships. This fact necessitates the development of various means of preventing corruption, which will help to block this phenomenon in any public relations. Therefore, the paper identifies the main measures to prevent corruption in enterprises.
THE QUESTIONS OF DETERMINING THE PURPOSE OF A SEARCH
IN THE PROCESS OF CRIMINAL BANKRUTCY INVESTIGATION
Authors: Marushev A. D.
Published: March 2020

The article is devoted to the economic crime investigations, namely criminal bankruptcy. The urgency of the topic is also due to the fact that the problem of investigating of economic crimes, namely criminal bankruptcy, is one of the most complex in the fight against economic crime and is latent. On the basis of investigations of forensic tactics, the perfection of the application of the procedural order and the tactics of conducting investigative (search) actions, especially the search, and the use of their results in proving, was continued.
Determining the purpose of a search in the pre-trial investigation of crimes related to criminal bankruptcy is one of the priorities of both criminal procedural law and criminalistics. It is argued that in the process of planning criminal investigations from criminal bankruptcy it is necessary to trace the relationship between the things (items) of the search and the objects in which they may be hidden.
The article formulates and proposes the typical goals of searching documents in the course of a search for investigators in criminal bankruptcy investigations, which include: from the materials of the investigation of criminal bankruptcy it follows that the documents contain information that can be used as evidence of the fact of committing criminal bankruptcy; the materials of the criminal proceedings show that the documents contain factual data about the unlawful acts of someone; from the materials of criminal proceedings it is evident that for a number of business operations falsified accounting documents were issued and there is a need for judicial expert examination (handwriting, technical examination of documents, etc.); the materials of criminal proceedings indicate the need for judicial and economic expertise; the criminal proceedings show that the documents reflecting the economic activity of the debtor enterprise have factual data on the transfer of assets of the enterprise and it is possible to identify the places of their concealment and the persons who received this property; from the materials of criminal proceedings it is seen that in personal documents, persons involved in committing crimes of criminal bankruptcy are actual data on the transfer of tangible assets (assets of the enterprise) to individual citizens for safekeeping.
It is proved that without determining the purpose of the search, it is impossible to purposefully carry out search actions of separate documents containing information about the circumstances of committing criminal bankruptcy, finding material and material values that were obtained as a result of its commitment.
THE PRINCIPLE OF EXPEDIENCY OF LAW INTERPRETATION
Authors: Pryima S. V.
Published: March 2020

In the article was investigated the principle of expediency of law interpretation. It is noted that the term “expediency” is close in meaning to the terms “optimality”, “rationality”, “efficiency”. Due to this the principle of expediency is seen in a general way as the principle which requires that the subject should achieve a useful, positive result with applying the optimal set of methods.
It is established that the principle of expediency is realized in different branches and institutions of law. Particularly, in the civil procedural law such judicial procedures are based on this principle as examination, storage and provision of evidence, the appointment and realization of expertise, the association and dissociation of claims. It is also noted that the principle of expediency is important in punishing a person, in other words, it is the basis of legal responsibility. In this sphere, it consists in the individualization of punitive measures or punishment depending on the gravity of the offense, taking into account the offender's personality, his welfare and the circumstances of the action. The principle of expediency also means that the chosen measure is relevant to the purposes of responsibility.
It is noted that the principle of expediency makes the requirements for conducting different types of legal activity – law-making, law-enforcement, and therefore, it is one of the main principles of law interpretative activity. It is emphasized that the basic idea of this principle is that the act should not be interpreted in the sense which makes it aimless, so, the act cannot be interpreted beyond the purpose for which it was adopted. In the article is also argued that a particular method of setting of a goal of a legal norm is a teleological (purposeful) mean of interpretation. The requirements of the principle of expediency include the aspiration of the public interest and the obligation to apply the verification of interpretative conclusions.
The principle of expediency of law interpretation is defined as the interpretative principle, the essence of which is the aspiration of the subject of interpretation to achieve the goal, to obtain a useful, positive result from their activities by using the optimal set of methods for this purpose.
URGENT PROBLEMS OF THE CONSTITUTIONALIZATION OF UKRAINE’S COURSE TOWARDS FULL MEMBERSHIP IN THE EUROPEAN UNION
Authors: Chystokolianyi Ya. V.
Published: March 2020

This article is devoted to research of essential problems of the constitutionalization of Ukraine’s course towards full membership in the European Union. This refers to problems which appeared or were affected in some way alongside the adoption of the Law of Ukraine “On Amendments to Constitution of Ukraine (regarding the state’s strategic course on obtaining full membership in the European Union and North Atlantic Treaty Organization)” from 7 February 2019. According to the author, the Law has significantly changed the legal situation around the advancement towards the EU. After all, the course is from now on established irreversibly towards accession to the EU, not just towards integration, which can take place in various organizational and legal forms, not necessarily including full membership in the EU. Also, said irreversibility gained the highest legal power while being the constitutional norm, which obliged the state to perform respective acts and refrain from any others, such as searching for international organizations similar by their legal nature and considering the possibility of membership in them. The author believes that the problems of constitutionalization of the state’s aspiration towards full membership in the EU and performing necessary legal, political and institutional actions and transformations gained particular relevance due to this Law and the changes made on its basis. According to the objective and research tasks put forward by the author, the very notion of constitutionalization is analyzed in the article as relatively new in the constitutional law theory. Also the questions about changes in the Basic Law necessary for EU membership and consolidation of the treatment of the Union’s values with perspective of its further specification are addressed as essential. The article proposes changes to the Constitution of Ukraine necessary for creating the basis for the constitutionality of the course towards the EU membership. Regarding the values ofthe EU, in the current stage of Ukraine’s integration it would be sufficient to note acknowledgement, promotion and providing addition to them, e. g. to Article 15. So only certain conclusions about the urgent problems of the constitutionalization of Ukraine’s strategical course towards full membership in the EU and the directions of further research are stated in the article.
INTERNATIONAL STANDARDS FOR THE FORMATION
OF THE CORPS OF JUDGES AS THE BASIS OF IMPROVING THE GUARANTEES
OF INDEPENDENCE OF THE COURT AND JUDGES
Authors: Horinov P. V.
Published: March 2020

The article is devoted to the general characterization of the international standards for the formation of the corps of judges and the corresponding administrative procedures as a basis for improving the guarantees of independence of the court and judges, to determine on this basis the key ways of introducing these standards into the domestic system of legislation in order to resolve specific and specific other issues. It is substantiated that it is expedient to organize the international standards of formation of the corps of judges in the context of guaranteeing the independence of the court and judges according to the criterion of the object of their influence. According to this criterion, standards were identified concerning: recruitment of judges; staffing the subject of appointment of judges to positions; training of judges; guarantees during the service. In the course of the study, it was determined that in order to specify the notion of substantial disciplinary misconduct as a circumstance, which makes it impossible to appoint a judge, it is advisable to amend the Law «Оn the Judiciary and Status of Judges»: to supplement part 4 of Article 69 with paragraph 2, in which to specify the notion of substantial discipline misdemeanor as a circumstance, which makes it impossible to appoint a judge; amend Article 69, paragraph 4, after the words «for committing a material disciplinary offense» by the words «except as provided in the second paragraph of this paragraph». There are two ways to implement international standards in the work of the judiciary on the formation of a corps ofjudges. The first is the transfer of some of the powers of the High Qualifications Commission of Judges of Ukraine (including the selection of judges to the post) to the competence of the High Council of Justice. In the other part of its authority, the High Qualifications Commission of Judges of Ukraine must remain in charge of the judicial self-government bodies. The second is the complete retention of the relevant powers under the High Qualifications Commission of Judges of Ukraine, leaving the issue of the formation of the High Qualifications Commission of Judges of Ukraine within the jurisdiction of judicial self-governing bodies. The first way is recommended. In the course of the research, it was determined that guarantees of independence of the judiciary are purely practical categories. Actually enshrining them in the legislation will not guarantee the independence of the judicial branch of power, and in particular − the independence of judges in the resolution of court cases. Such guarantees only work if they are actually secured.
PECULIARITIES OF THE USE OF NORMS OF CASE LAW
IN THE SYSTEM OF DOMESTIC JUSTICE
Authors: Zherobkina Ye. A.
Published: March 2020

Taking into account the basic principles of a democratic, rule of law, social state, the key of which is the principle of separation of powers in the state, Ukraine is building a state apparatus. Declaring such a principle in the Constitution of Ukraine and building on it the basis of the functioning of all branches of government have become a prerequisite for the acquisition of judicial branch of power signs of independence and independence. LA Lutz argues that the functioning of the judiciary as an independent is accompanied by its development and the introduction of rulemaking functions. This fact is related to the involvement of the judiciary in the settlement and resolution of national cases. As a result, throughout the years of Ukraine's independence, the courts have recognized the right not only to the application and interpretation of legal rules, but also to their creation.
As of today, the law does not formally enshrine the functions of rulemaking, but in legal science there are discussions about the possibility of the existence of case law in the state. The analysis of court decisions suggests that the precedent is not only those of the courts of Ukraine that have a rule of law, but also those that contain appropriate explanations of the content of the rule, or of judgments that contain criteria for the similarity of the application of the rules. The provisions of the basic law − the Law of Ukraine “On Judiciaryand Status of Judges” of 02.06.2016, № 1402-VIII have been analyzed due to the possibility of recognizing judicial precedent as anofficial source of law in accordance with the requirements of the current domestic legislation. In this article, we conducted a detailedanalysis of the peculiarities of the use of case law in the system of domestic justice.
Particular attention was paid to updating the system of enforcement of court decisions, including the decisions of the ArmedForces. It is stated that the institute of enforcement of judgments is based on the functioning of the Laws of Ukraine “On EnforcementProceedings” and “On Bodies and Persons who Enforce Enforcement of Judgments and Decisions of Other Bodies”.
A separate novelty of judicial reform − the creation of new higher specialized courts as courts of first instance for the considerationof certain categories of cases: the High Court for Intellectual Property and the Supreme Anti-Corruption Court, whose review will bevested in the Armed Forces, has been investigated.
Busuu: A Social Network Application to Learn Languages
Authors: Winans Michael D.
Published: March 2020

With a high-quality, user-friendly interface that is both easy to navigate and aesthetically pleasing, Busuu delivers, but the reason to choose Busuu over others would be to purchase the premium version for the social networking aspects. Even as a native speaker of English, I was able to learn about dialectal differences. Interactions with native speakers of the target language is both interesting and motivating. This is one of the better apps on the market, but at $9.99 when paid per month, it might be a bit expensive for the casual language learner.
Litigating without speaking legalese
Authors: Yeung Matthew W.L. , Leung Janny H.C.
Published: March 2020

The increasing number of unrepresented litigants in various jurisdictions raises the question of what challenges these lay people face in their access to justice. This article seeks to examine this by conducting a small ethnographic study and survey in Hong Kong. Based on 6 hours of courtroom observation in two cases and 8 hours of pre-trial, during trial and post-trial interview data obtained from 7 sessions, we show that unrepresented litigants may find navigating difficult legal phrases, legal homonymy, legal genre and linguistic repertoire in court particularly challenging. They also risk overestimating the merit of their case when they deploy lay strategies (i.e. a translation approach or a literal reading approach) to legal interpretation and case preparation. The survey results lend support to our ethnographic study by revealing why unrepresented litigants seem to be ill-prepared for their cases in the eyes of legal professionals. We conclude that unrepresented litigants face both linguistic and legal challenges during their participation in legal processes, and often these challenges are intertwined. We therefore suggest that both linguistic accommodation and legal assistance are essential to help unrepresented litigants participate effectively in legal processes. This is especially important in the adversarial courtrooms of common law jurisdictions, to ensure access to justice for the general public.
Tuning the performance of automatic speaker recognition in different conditions
Authors: Skarnitzl Radek , Asiaee Maral , Nourbakhsh Mandana
Published: March 2020

Automatic speaker recognition applications have often been described as a ‘black box’. This study explores the benefit of tuning procedures (condition adaptation and reference normalisation) implemented in an i-vector PLDA framework ASR system, VOCALISE. These procedures enable users to open the black box to a certain degree. Subsets of two 100-speaker databases, one of Czech and the other of Persian male speakers, are used for the baseline condition and for the tuning procedures. The effect of tuning with cross-language material, as well as the effect of simulated voice disguise, achieved by raising the fundamental frequency by four semitones and resonance characteristics by 8%, are also examined. The results show superior recognition performance (EER) for Persian than Czech in the baseline condition, but an opposite result in the simulated disguise condition; possible reasons for this are discussed. Overall, the study suggests that both condition adaptation and reference normalisation are beneficial to recognition performance.
La responsabilidad social de la empresa según el pensamiento de Leonardo Polo
Authors: Argandoña Antonio
Published: March 2020

Este trabajo intenta entender lo que Leonardo Polo consideraría que era la Responsabilidad Social de la Empresa. Se trata de una responsabilidad que nace de la persona como actor y se dirige a las personas como destinatarios de su acción. Es una responsabilidad ética, no meramente legal o social; está centrada en la actividad productiva de la empresa y materializada en la función de gobierno de sus directivos, compartida con sus colaboradores. Es una manifestación de la capacidad de crecimiento irrestricto de la persona y se ordena a ese mismo crecimiento, en el que la empresa tiene papel relevante.
Organizar el tiempo humano: Trabajo, política y gobierno
Authors: Martínez-Echevarria-y-Ortega Miguel-Alfonoso
Published: March 2020

A partir de las reflexiones de Polo sobre la economía y las organizaciones, publicadas en el volumen XXV de sus Obras Completas, el autor expone en este artículo la relación entre el trabajo y el gobierno, lo cual permite establecer una visión más honda y amplia del sentido de la política. Con esta ocasión se realiza una crítica al método de la economía moderna y de manera especial al modo en que Adam Smith ligó el concepto de trabajo con el de productividad, dando así lugar a una grave confusión a la hora de entender el trabajo y su relación con el gobierno y su apertura a la política.
EVALUASI FORMULASI RADIOFARMAKA 99mTc-SIPROFLOKSASIN DENGAN REDUKTOR SnCl2·2H2O dan Sn-TARTRAT
Authors: Sugiharti Rizky Juwita , Halimah Iim , Sriyani Maula Eka , Widyasari Eva Maria
Published: March 2020

99mTc-siprofloksasin adalah radiofarmaka berbasis antibiotik untuk diagnosis infeksi yang disebabkan oleh bakteri. Pada penelitian ini radiofarmaka 99mTc-siprofloksasin disiapkan dengan menggunakan dua macam reduktor yaitu SnCl2·2H2O dan Sn-tartrat. Penelitian ini bertujuan membandingkan masing-masing reduktor untuk menghasilkan radiofarmaka 99mTc-siprofloksasin dengan nilai kemurnian radiokimia yang tinggi dan akumulasi yang baik di daerah infeksi. Hasil dari penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa kondisi optimum diperoleh pada jumlah reduktor SnCl2·2H2O sebanyak 25 µg dengan kemurnian radiokimia sebesar  94,25 + 2,04 dan Sn-tartrat sebanyak 400 µg dengan kemurnian radiokimia sebesar  95,06 + 1,00 Pengujian kemurnian  radiokimia 99mTc-siprofloksasin menggunakan High Performance Liquid Chromatography memperlihatkan profil kromatogram yang sama untuk masing-masing reduktor dengan puncak dari 99mTc-siprofloksasin berada pada waktu retensi 7,17 menit. Hasil uji biodistribusi pada paha mencit yang terinfeksi bakteri Staphylococcus aureus untuk formula 99mTc-siprofloksasin dengan reduktor SnCl2·2H2O 1 jam dan 3 jam pasca injeksi menunjukkan rasio target/nontarget relatif konstan yaitu sebesar 2,71 dan 2,25. Sedangkan rasio target/nontarget 99mTc-siprofloksasin dengan reduktor Sn-tartrat pada 1 jam dan 3 jam pasca injeksi sebesar 1,78 dan 2,20 Dari hasil penelitian dapat diketahui bahwa formulasi radiofarmaka 99mTc-siprofoksasin dengan dua macam reduktor SnCl2.2H2O dan Sn – tartrat memiliki karakteristik yang berbeda. Kata kunci : radiofarmaka,99mTc-siprofloksasin, reduktor, kemurnian radiokimia