bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Contemporary perception of Narendra Kohli in the context of Ram Katha and Krishna Katha: General Analysis
Authors: Singh Jitendra
Published: May 2022

The existence of the creator is attracted, repelled or influenced in many dimensions by the triangles of character, time and country and as a result the 'self-conscious' sensibility of the creator has to face the shocks or pressures of ambushes and is filled with reactions of the individual. . He tries to recognize his time, place or country or the characters due to which his senses are shaken in the true sense, so he suffers internal and external suffocation on many levels. It is expected from the contemporary work that it should not deny the demands of Yugbodh, but should ruthlessly analyze inhuman situations, persons, demonic forces and play its active role in destroying the Ravana Empire. Thus, contemporaneity is not merely the realization of the fall or participation in the fall, but the contemporaneity in the rise and active struggle against vested interests.

 

Abstract in Hindi Language:

रचनाकार का अस्तित्व पात्र, काल और देश के त्रिकोणों से कई आयामों में आकर्षित, विकर्षित अथवा प्रभावित होता है और इसके परिणामस्वरूप रचनाकार की ‘स्वचेतन’ संवेदनशीलता को घात-प्रतिघातों के झटकों या दबावों का सामना करना पड़ता है और व्यक्तिमन प्रतिक्रिया से भर उठता है। वह अपने काल, स्थान अथवा देश को या कि जिन पात्रों के कारण उसकी संवेदना झकझोरी जाती है उन्हें सही अर्थों में पहचानने की चेष्टा करता है अतः कई स्तरों पर आंतरिक और बाह्य घुटन को वह झेलता है। समकालीन रचना से यह अपेक्षा की जाती है कि वह युगबोध के तकाजे को नकारे नहीं, अपितु अमानवीय स्थितियों, व्यक्तियों, दानवी शक्तियों का निर्मम विश्लेषण करे और रावणी साम्राज्य को ध्वस्त करने में अपनी सक्रिय भूमिका निर्वाहित करे। इस प्रकार समकालीनता मात्र पतन का साक्षात्कार या पतन में भागीदारी नहीं है, बल्कि निहित स्वार्थों के विरूद्ध उठ खड़े होने और सक्रिय संघर्ष में समकालीनता है।

Keywords: रामकथा, कृष्णकथा, समकालीनता, युगबोध।
The Impact of E-Governance in the Achievement of Organizational Change Strategies: A Study of Government Departments in Anantapuram District, Andhra Pradesh
Authors: M.Venkata Ramanjulu  , R. Raghurama Murthy
Published: May 2022

The present study seeks to determine the level to which government departments in the Anantapuram district may utilize contemporary and impactful technologies such as e-governance to bridge the gap between them and the people and use it to successfully implement organizational changes to enhance the districts’ existing administrative organizational reality to attain good governance. The relationship between e-governance and organizational change strategies requires an assessment of transparency, e-accountability, e-auditing, participation and change strategy, dialogue and negotiation strategy, deception and camouflage strategy, learning and communication strategy, and support facilitation strategy. A total of 120 executive officials from Anantapuram district’s government agencies were included in the study. To gather data, a questionnaire was used. Ananatapuramu’s government agencies have made extensive use of e-governance. However, it has been restricted in its ability to improve the performance of the organizational reform initiatives that have been implemented. E-Audit adjustments have been implemented in Anantapuram government agencies, which show that they’re serious about using them in their organizational reform initiatives.
Skillful portrayal and reflection of the Naxalite Movement of Bengal (1970s) in world of stories
Authors: Ghosh Sreyasi
Published: May 2022

The Naxalite Movement of Bengal ( 1970s ) was undoubtedly a landmark in history of political movements of Bengal and it had undoubtedly a pan – Indian character for spreading in Andhra Pradesh , Uttar Pradesh , Bihar , Kerala and Punjab . The movement had its root in the historical Tebhaga Movement and Telengana Movement, the Food Movement (1959), the Movement against hike in tramfare (1965), the Food Movement (1966) etc. The Naxalite Movement was devastated in face of police atrocities but its imprint was long-lasting in world of literature of Bengal such as on dramas, poetry, novels and stories. Actually it influenced literature of Punjab , U.P., Maharashtra , Dandakaranya , Andhra Pradesh , Kerala also as well as songs and movie- making in whole India but here in this article I have tried my best to depict only impact of the bloodbath and political violence in stories of our Bengal and it must be admitted without any hesitation that those stories were reflection of social realism which did not always consider the importance of pure aesthetic value related to creation of literary treasures. Dearth of mass base , excessive loyalty towards ideology of China , personal vengeance in name of urban revolution , ruthless attack on schools – laboratories- libraries – images / statue of famous personalities , policy of annihilation and bloodbath, extreme authoritarianism in leadership style of Charu Mazumdar and Saroj Dutta, amalgamation of urban and rural youth power during days of the rebellious upsurge and glorious role / contribution of courageous women in revolution were skillfully described in various stories some of which had been written by the Naxalite revolutionaries themselves.
A Review of Trends in Urbanization in India (1901-2011) - A Geographical Study
Authors: Chauhan Nelia Lois , Kumar Bharat
Published: May 2022

This paper attempts to present the trends in urbanization in India on the basis of secondary data from the 2011 Census. According to country statistics, urbanization in India is mainly due to expansion of cities and migration of people. Investments are made in housing, road networks, urban transport, water supply, electricity-related infrastructure, smart cities and other forms of urban management. This is a bright future for the Indian economy. There are several factors in the state of urbanization that have given rise to urbanization in India - population growth and migration as one of the two major factors. Recently, a third factor has been seen as a major contributor to the growth of urbanization: the expansion of towns and cities. This factor is due to the high economic growth that the city has witnessed over the years. Because of this, the government in India has decided to grab this opportunity: Projects, and groups are being presented to set up multiple smart cities at different locations, to drive the country forward in urbanisation.

Abstract in Hindi Language:

यह शोधपत्र 2011 की जनगणना के द्वितीयक आंकड़ों के आधार पर भारत में शहरीकरण की प्रवृत्तियों को प्रस्तुत करने का प्रयास करता है। देश के आंकड़ों के अनुसार, भारत में शहरीकरण मुख्य रूप से शहरों के विस्तार और लोगों के प्रवास के कारण है। आवास, सड़क नेटवर्क, शहरी परिवहन, जल आपूर्ति, बिजली से संबंधित बुनियादी ढांचे, स्मार्ट शहरों और शहरी प्रबंधन के अन्य रूपों में निवेश किया जाता है। यह भारतीय अर्थव्यवस्था के लिए उज्ज्वल भविष्य है। नगरीकरण की स्थिति में कई कारक हैं जिन्होंने भारत में शहरीकरण को जन्म दिया है - जनसंख्या वृद्धि और प्रवासन 2 प्रमुख कारकों में से एक के रूप में। हाल ही में, एक तीसरे कारक को शहरीकरण के विकास में एक बड़े योगदानकर्ता के रूप में देखा गया है: कस्बों और शहरों का विस्तार। यह कारक उच्च आर्थिक विकास के कारण है जो शहर ने पिछले कुछ वर्षों में देखा है। इस वजह से, भारत में सरकार ने इस अवसर को हथियाने का फैसला किया है: परियोजनाएं, और समूह देश को शहरीकरण में आगे बढ़ाने के लिए, विभिन्न स्थानों पर कई स्मार्ट शहरों को स्थापित करने के लिए शोधपत्र प्रस्तुत किया जा रहा हैं ।

Keywords: अर्थव्यवस्था, शहरीकरण, बुनियादी ढांचा, जल आपूर्ति, शहरी परिवहन
Validation of Neck Disability Index Severity among Patients Receiving One or Two-Level Anterior Cervical Surgery
Authors: Geoghegan Cara E. , Mohan Shruthi , Lynch Conor P. , Cha Elliot D. K. , Jacob Kevin C. , Patel Madhav R. , Prabhu Michael C. , Vanjani Nisheka N. , Pawlowski Hanna , Singh Kern
Published: May 2022

Study Design: Retrospective cohort.Purpose: To evaluate the validity of established severity thresholds for Neck Disability Index (NDI) among patients undergoing anterior cervical discectomy and fusion (ACDF) or cervical disc arthroplasty (CDA). Overview of Literature: Few studies have examined the validity of established NDI threshold values among patients undergoing ACDF or CDA.Methods: A surgical database was reviewed to identify patients undergoing cervical spine procedures. Demographics, operative characteristics, comorbidities, NDI, Visual Analog Scale (VAS), and 12-item Short Form (SF-12) physical and mental composite scores (PCS and MCS) were recorded. NDI severity was categorized using previously established threshold values. Improvement from preoperative scores at each postoperative timepoint and convergent validity of NDI was evaluated. Discriminant validity of NDI was evaluated against VAS neck and arm and SF-12 PCS and MCS.Results: All 290 patients included in the study demonstrated significant improvements from baseline values for all patient-reported outcome measures (PROMs) at all postoperative timepoints (p<0.001) except SF-12 MCS at 2 years (p =0.393). NDI showed a moderate- to-strong correlation (r≥0.419) at most timepoints for VAS neck, VAS arm, SF-12 PCS, and SF-12 MCS (p<0.001, all). NDI severity categories demonstrated significant differences in mean VAS neck, VAS arm, SF-12 PCS, and SF-12 MCS at all timepoints (p<0.001, all). Differences between NDI severity groups were not uniform for all PROMs. VAS neck values demonstrated significant intergroup differences at most timepoints, whereas SF-12 MCS showed significantly different values between most severity groups.Conclusions: Neck disability is strongly correlated with neck and arm pain, physical function, and mental health and demonstrates worse outcomes with increasing severity. Previously established severity categories may be more applicable to pain than physical function or mental health and may be more uniformly applied preoperatively for cervical spine patients.
Hybridity for Survivance: A Postcolonial Reading of Sherman Alexie's Flight
Authors: Amin Fauzia , Fatima Ain , Sarfraz Maliha
Published: May 2022

This study looks into the assimilation and hybridization of Natives in Euro-American culture in Sherman Alexie’s Flight (2007). The study reveals that the hybridization of Native Americans is the ultimate consequence of innate resistance against abuse and marginalization in the post-contact world. The study endorses survival/endurance proximity, as suggested by Gerald Vizenor. The selected work, a magical realist text, narrates the quest of a Native American teenage boy Zits who, in search of his true identity, ultimately has reached his self-illumination. The study positions hybridity as an antidote to the essentialist position of purity and ethnicity. Zits' Native self is a victim of forced kidnapping and forged an identity in a post-contact multi-cultural society, hence 'mutual and mutable.'Employing Bhabha’s notion of hybridity as a lens, the study magnifies the survivance of the protagonist in the contemporary world and analyzes the text through Greg Sarris' "integrative approach ."The study illustrates that Alexie's text paves the way to a bridging position that helps the native-self rise from trauma and crisis of lacking intrinsicality in the contemporary western world.
Exploring the Effects of the Policy "Maar Nahi Piyar" On Students' Behavior and their Academic Performance in Public Schools
Authors: Rashid Huseena , Akhtar Shagufta , Malik Allah Baksh
Published: May 2022

The policy “MAAR NAHI PIYAR” (Not to beat but Love) is the initiative taken by the government of Punjab education department, which intends to enhance children's academic performance and improve their behavior. This study aimed at exploring the effects of the policy “MAARNAHI PIYAR” on students’ behavior and their academic performance in public schools of Pakistan through the lens of teachers and students. The study sample consisted of two groups of respondents i.e. teachers and students. The study surveyed opinions of a randomly sampled 100 teachers, 100 students, and ten public schools in Rawalpindi, Pakistan. The quantitative method approach was adopted. Data were collected through self-developed questionnaires. Five Point Likert scale was used.Findings illustrated a need for continued research of the policy “MAAR NAHI PIYAR” and its impact to a district-by-district and a school-by-school basis. The findings of the study have indicated that the behavior of a teacher profoundly influences students’ behavior and their academic performance.
Evaluative Study of Teacher Training Workshop and Classroom Management Skills of Teachers Teaching at Federal Government Educational Institutions in Lahore Region
Authors: Shakir Muhammad Akram , Khalid Muhammad Naveed , Shafiq Farah
Published: May 2022

Standard of teacher training workshops in Pakistan has been exhibiting a span of accelerating and numerous reforms in a variety of disciplines incorporating classroom management skills. Present work was carried out to gauge the effectiveness of teacher training workshop o classroom management skills of teachers teaching at federal government educational institutions in Lahore.Classroom management was examined by subject matters and training methods. Effectiveness was described as the extent of standard through which classroom management skill was assessed. The survey method was utilized and sampling comprised of FGEI entity at Lahore Region. A comprehensive instrument consisting of relevant constructs was developed for generating research data. The retrieved data from 200 participants were processed through descriptive as well as inferential statistical tests.The hypothesis was accepted, which revealed a positive effect of teacher training workshop (IV) on classroom management skills (DV) of teachers at Lahore. The empirical work has suggested some implications such as revamping outlines of the workshop, motivation towards maximum participation in workshops, and close mentoring and monitoring by administrative authorities. It is assumed that findings and implications of this rigorous study will motivate development models for imminent irregularities and inadequacies in the preview of professional development programs.
Gender Differences in the Use of Lexical Features in Text Messaging of Pakistani Students
Authors: Jahanzeb Kiran , Irfan Humaira , Jahan Jahanzeb
Published: May 2022

This research intends to discover gender differences in the usage of linguistic features in text messages by Pakistani students. Herring's approach to Computer-Mediated Discourse Analysis is used as the backbone of this research. In this qualitative research, a sample of 100 university students was selected. The sample provided a corpus of 300 text messages. Content analysis was used for coding and classification of the data, whereas descriptive statistics were used to find out percentages and frequencies. The data was classified as the messages sent by the males and those by females. Lexical features are classified as contraction, letter and number homophones, and initialism. Male students use more contractions, initial-isms and clippings while female students use letter and number homophones more than the male students do. This study is important in terms of genderlects and their differences.
Analysis of Audiences' uses and Gratifications in the Selected Pakistani Urdu Films
Authors: Khan Qaisar , Akbar Sher , Zafar Javeria
Published: May 2022

This exploratory study unfolds Socio-psychological problems, and their impacts on youth through post-2000. Four Pakistani selected Urdu films as Shoaib Mansoor's Bol (2011), Jilani’s Chambaili(2013), Khuda Kay Liye (2007), and Bilal Lashari’s Waar (2013). The study locates these films in their broader frame of socio-psychological dynamics to grapple with the production of gender relations along with the articulation of identity. Furthermore, the study vigorously tends to disclose consumption effects and influences of identity, entertainment, socialization, surveillance, and cinematic techniques observed in the films by Pakistani youth in fulfilling their desires of gratification. This study uses quantitative research methods by applying a Cross-sectional survey approach. The convenient sampling was used to sample size N=371 among the population of the capital city of Islamabad. It was found that Pakistani youth broadly identify themselves with the national identity depicted in the films.The cinematic techniques used for the production of socialization gratified youth to some extent. The study recommends that the national film Industry should come up with socio-political realities-based cultural productions.
Building Hope and Optimism Through Language: A Sociocultural Perspective
Authors: Khalid Urwah Tul Wusqua , Tehseem Tazanfal , Khalid Noman
Published: May 2022

This research highlights the use of social proverbs as cultural signs in society that help in building hope and optimism expressed through language. Proverbs related to society represent social life, including life perspectives, experiences, and standards of behavior, and the purpose of this research paper is to build a relation of social proverbs as the language of hope to culture. For the present research, Bakhtinian semiotic theory is used as a theoretical framework opted from Voloshinov’s essay Marxism and the philosophy of language (1986), which deals with speech utterances and ideological signs that functions like language in society. In the Bakhtin Circle, ideology is defined as the entirety of social and natural truth refraction and reflection in the cognitive system, which is highly impacted by views, values, and belief systems originating from the mental process of culture. As ideological indicators contain the underlying structure's substance and ideological cues are social signals in this manner, and awareness emerges from the substance of ideological symbols. The complexity, which takes the form of social sayings, enters people's minds and shapes their thoughts; theoretical ethnic notions are turned into realistic perceptions and behaviors that allow civilization to survive.
Coinage of Code Meshed Numlianlect in BS English NUML Students' Informal University Discourse: A Plurilingual Study
Authors: Ullah Zafar , Aalam Muhamamd Farooq
Published: May 2022

The first time such a newly emerged linguistic variety has been documented at NUML, Islamabad. This language variation means morphological, semantic, connotative deviations from standard linguistic norms. Contact linguistics, code meshing, diversified linguistic backgrounds and their colloquialism play their vital roles in shaping Numlianlect of BS English. The research problem faced by learners of super standard language is that they do not comprehend the newly code meshed discourse in the informal settings of NUML. So, this research raises questions about the exploration of linguistic variations, their formulation process and their denotative and connotative semantic shades. To answer these questions, qualitative and survey-based research design has been employed. The collected data have been analyzed with Labov and Weinreich’s Variation Theory (1960). Major findings reveal that students mix English, Punjabi, Sindhi, Pashto and Urdu words to produce variant code-meshed linguistic patterns. Connotation, semantic shades and contexts of words have been changed by students.
A Sociolinguistic Study of Taboos and Euphemisms Surrounding Pakistani Females' Daily Issues
Authors: Chaudhri Ayesha Izhar , Tehseem Tazanfal , Nazir Barirah
Published: May 2022

This research paper is an endeavor to delineate various linguistic taboos about women's physiology with a focus on both the categories and functions of taboos in Pakistani society. The aim is to bring forth myriad euphemistic expressions employed in print media. The paper contests that taboos are moderated at the expanse of society's cultural and religious norms.It also offers a rationale behind the popular use of euphemistic expressions for Pakistani Females' daily issues. Allan and Burridge's (2006) theoretical framework furnished the basic framework for the analysis of different euphemistic expressions. The data for the study comprises thirteen different English newspaper articles published in the last six years (2016-2021). The data analysis revealed that euphemisms could connote multiple shades of meaning ranging from shame, disgust, exasperation, and upliftment. It was established that euphemisms operate along dysphemism and orthophemisminterchangeably depending on the context in which they appeared.
Social Justice in Higher Education: Revisited, Practices, and Grievances
Authors: Dastgir Ghulam , Bakhsh Khuda
Published: May 2022

Social justice is a fundamental concern for ideal social structure and human rights. To develop social order and philosophical discourses, higher education is one of the holistic approaches to educating it. It elevates the level of idealized modern state formation among students. The present study was designed to examine the contexts of students about practices and malpractices of social justice in higher education. The quantitative approach was adopted to gather the data from 630 university graduates. All the data were gathered through a self-made questionnaire. The findings of the study explained that the participants were not satisfied with practices of social justice in higher education. Most of the participants expressed malpractices of social norms.Especially female students claimed their injustice experiences in higher education. The researcher recommended bold recommendations to uphold the social justice in higher education departments
The Role of Salience and Common Grounds in Intercultural Communication: A Descriptive Study
Authors: Arshad Hajra , Mirza Ejaz , Fida Memona
Published: May 2022

Jokes are specific discourses that contain cultural, historical and region-specific references. In order to understand the salience of these discourses, the common ground of interlocutors is significantly important. The current study explores how non-natives English speakers comprehend English jokes. In addition, it aims to know the difficulties and the lexical issues encountered by Pakhtoon and Sindhi participants in interpreting English jokes. The researchers used a mixed-method approach for this study. The population of this study includes Pakhtoon and Sindhi undergraduate students.A sample of 20 students was selected and two types of tools were used to check the English jokes comprehension skills of participants. The socio-cognitive approach is used as a theoretical framework and the results of quantitative data were presented with the help of pie charts. Results of this study show that ethnic, religious, racial, and jokes having historic references are difficult to understand. Individuals' social knowledge of English culture is important for comprehending English jokes. Knowledge of semantic expressions, ample knowledge and wisdom of culture-specific words and idioms are important for identifying the salience aspects of English jokes.
Relationship Between the Kinematical Factors and The Ball Velocity of the Penalty Corner Drag-Flick in Field Hockey
Authors: Wali Rabia , Iqbal Yasmeen
Published: May 2022

The aim of the study was to analyze the relationship of the kinematical factors with the ball velocity of the drag flick performance of the national elite players in field hockey. To attain this purpose, 64 drag flicks of sixteen players were recorded and analyzed through the VICON motion capture system and MATLAB software. The descriptive statistics and Spear man correlation were computed for statistical analysis. The mean ball velocity of the drag-flicks of the female and male players were 21.31±3.53 m/sand 15.10±4.02 m/s, respectively. The ball dragging length, ball dragging velocity, stance width, left-knee angle and left elbow angle had a significant correlation with the ball velocity. The subjects maximize dragging length,dragging velocity and stance width while minimizing their left-right knee angles for high velocity. Players and coaches should emphasize ball dragging length, dragging velocity and stance width to improve the drag flick performance.
Thematic Analysis of The Wandering Falcon: A Representative Pakistani Anglophone Fiction
Authors: Nazir Barirah , Gill Aneela , Khan Muhammad Riaz
Published: May 2022

Jamil Ahmad's The Wandering Falcon (2011) offers a striking example of the ways in which historical and political contexts impact the reception of Pakistani Anglophone fiction due to its unique publication history. Ahmad creates a correlation between identity, language, and physiognomy of individuals through Tor Baz, whose identity continuously passes through the process of change in the frigid tribal culture. This paper raises questions regarding how a literary text achieves commercial success and how the geopolitical context of both its setting and the location of the author affects the publication and reception of the work.
A Study to Investigate the Sustainability Consciousness of Prospective Teachers
Authors: Nousheen Ayesha , Tabassum Farkhanda
Published: May 2022

The current study investigates the student-teachers' sustainability consciousness in the Pakistan context. For this purpose, public sector universities in Rawalpindi and Islamabad region offering four years undergraduate teacher-education programs were selected. The population of the current study were all the 1259 student-teachers studying in these public sector universities. A total population sampling technique was utilized due to the limited number of student-teachers in these universities. Data were collected from 753 student-teachers on the sustainability consciousness questionnaire developed by Gericke et al. (2019). An independent sample t-test and one-way ANOVA were utilized to ascertain any difference in student-teachers' sustainability consciousness based on their gender and semester of study. The results suggest that there was a significant difference in student-teachers environmental and social consciousness. However, no difference was found in the economic consciousness among the student-teachers.
FDI and Wage Nexus: Evidence from the Manufacturing Sector of Pakistan
Authors: Nisa Qamer un- , Haq Jabbar Ul- , Nazeer Nazia
Published: May 2022

Foreign capital inflows resulted in overall economic growth in many countries, but there are many concerns about its distributive effects,especially on fluctuating wages, which are still being investigated. The aim of this research is to investigate the impact of foreign direct investment on domestic industry wages using micro-level data from Pakistan from 1996-97 to 2007-08. Foreign firms are expected to pay higher wages than that domestic firms in order to attract more labor; thus, if foreign and domestic firms compete in the same labor market, domestic firms would pay higher wages to recruit jobs, resulting in rising average domestic industry wages. The empirical analysis also shows that in Pakistan, FDI inflows raise industry wage premiums.The findings of the study are robust by the inclusion of various globalization and sector-related variables. To reap higher wages, Pakistan's government should promote FDI at the industry level.
Built Heritage of Mansehra Through the Ages and Prospects of Tourism
Authors: Anwar Adnan , Bashir Junaid , Arif Anas Mahmud
Published: May 2022

The district of Mansehra, which is located on the historic Silk Road,has a long history of traditions. Several dynasties governed this region in the past, leaving their footprints in the form of heritage remnants. Hindus, Muslims,Sikhs, and British are the most noticeable among them. The current paper examines a few of these monuments and makes recommendations for how they may be used as tourist attractions. The current state of most structures is deplorable, and comprehensive conservation and tourist management strategy are urgently needed to optimize the benefits of cultural legacy.
La identidad impuesta: cambios de la toponimia en los barrios de Chile (1973–1980)
Authors:   Universidad Católica del Maule, Molina Jara Jorge
Published: May 2022

This research aims at analyzing toponymic changes in Chilean neighborhoods after the coup d’état in 1973. My hypothesis is that the new authorities, in their intention to root out Marxist ideas, physically exterminate representatives and forbid their allegories, pursued the generation of cultural and identity changes in the popular urban sectors that had been bastions for the Popular Unity Party. In order to do so, they changed their emblematic left-wing toponyms, trying thus to reconfigure the political identity of the neighborhood population and imposed iconic names for the armed forces, as manifested in military deeds and heroes. For this exploratory research, various sources were used: press, oral testimonies, and official State documentation.
SCIENTIFIC APPROACHES TO THE CONCEPT OF CIVIL DISOBEDIENCE IN MODERN WESTERN POLITICAL SCIENCE
Authors:   Alfred Nobel University, Hrynchak Margaryta O.
Published: May 2022

This article is devoted to the study of the concept of civil disobedience in Western political science. On the most widely accepted interpretation, civil disobedience is a public, non-violent and conscientious breach of law undertaken with the aim of bringing about a change in laws or government policies. There is a tendency to change traditional attitudes of civil disobedience in modern western political science. Of course, this reflects the changes that are taking place in developments in political life during recent decades. There are developed and democratic nations in that citizens can take part in political life without any discrimination and other restrictions. But there are still acts of civil disobedience. Methods include coordinating protests and nonviolent civil disobedience actions, including sit-ins, lock downs and banner hangings. Sometimes it involves direct action and confrontations on the streets. Modern scientists argue that civil disobedience is, in general, a more defensible act than the acts of private disobedience that are often referred to as ‘conscientious objection’. For example, “Rosa Parks” sitting in the whites-only section of a bus was a more conscientious sort of act than a civil registrar quietly refusing to register same-sex civil partnerships. In researching explores, the ways in which the law should recognize and protect civil disobedience, and related conduct. In modern political science argues that the legal justification for disobedience to the law caused by convictions must be recognized. This exculpatory defense is based on respect for personal autonomy and psychological integrity. Given the communicative nature of true conviction, which is not evaded, this legal justification applies to civil disobedience rather than personal disobedience. Recognizing protection would allow society to respect the links between autonomy, psychological integrity and honesty, without requiring us to give always priority to the law over our deep obligations, or always remain covert and selfcensored in our efforts to distance ourselves from the laws we oppose. Many modern political scientists expand the meaning of the concept of civil disobedience in their research. This allows for serious violations of the law during rallies, and selfish motives of participants, and non-recognition of the legitimacy of the political and legal system. That means, factors those in previous ages of research excluded possibilities of these kinds of direct action. Some aspects remain unchanged. So, almost all researchers are inclined to believe that participants in civil disobedience should be clearly aware of their actions and motives, and have a principled position and serious intentions.
DECENTRALIZATION OF POWER IN THE ASPECT OF REALIZATION OF LEGAL RESPONSIBILITY IN LOCAL SELF-GOVERNMENT IN UKRAINE
Authors:   V.M. Koretsky NAS of Ukraine, Batanova Natalia M.
Published: May 2022

The article is devoted to the study of local self-government as an important means of realizing the rights of territorial communities and their members. The author of the article argues that the territorial community is a necessary democratic counterweight to the central government and helps to limit the manifestations of arbitrariness on the part of the state. The urgency of the issue of decentralization of public power and the development of local self-government is beyond doubt. The author draws attention to the experience of European countries. This experience proves the need for systemic reforms in the field of decentralization of power in order to increase the role of local self-government in overcoming economic, socio-cultural and, in some cases, political and legal problems of society. It is determined that according to modern economic and political research; decentralization of power can have both positive and negative impact on economic indicators of the country’s development and the well-being of citizens. It has been explored that decentralization can also mobilize underutilized resources, creating competition among subnational governments and delivering better policy outcomes. The author’s opinion is substantiated that decentralization can bring the government closer to the people, thus promoting greater transparency and accountability. The author’s position is given that in poor regions with underdeveloped economies, decentralization may not lead to better coordination of public goods and services with the needs of the population. The article pays special attention to the problems of implementation of the concept of “responsible city” in the life of communities and the implementation of social responsibility and transparency of municipalities. It is stated that in many cities around the world, municipalities are increasingly taking into account the environmental and social aspects of community development. Foreign experience has been revealed, which shows that without the formation of a holistic mechanism (social, political, legal) responsibility in local self-government as a separate territorial community can not be formed as a primary subject of local self-government, and the people as a whole can not become a real sovereign state. The author proves the relevance of the topic of constitutional and legal responsibility in local self-government. It is concluded that the world practice of real decentralized public power shows the need to form not only independent and self-sufficient territorial communities, but also responsible local self-government.
ORGANIZATIONAL AND LEGAL ISSUES OF FUNCTIONING OF SUBMUNICIPAL LEVEL OF GOVERNANCE IN THE SYSTEM OF LOCAL GOVERNMENT
Authors:   Academy of Labor, Social Relations and Tourism, Kravchenko Viktor V.
Published: May 2022

The article is devoted to organizational and legal issues of functioning of the sub-municipal level of government. The preliminary consequences of the administrative-territorial reform carried out by the Cabinet of Ministers of Ukraine in 2020, which is an important component of decentralization as the transfer of powers to provide public services to local governments should be accompanied by the consolidation of territorial communities, show some positive results. The author thoroughly analyzes that the domestic experience of functioning of new territorial communities, the experience of foreign countries allows to highlight the relevant negative aspects (legal, organizational, economic, social, etc.) that accompany the process of consolidation. It is determined that in communities with a large area of jurisdiction and a large number of settlements it is much more difficult to implement the requirements of relevant European documents for the development of local democracy, in particular, the Basic Principles of Democratic Participation at Local Level. The point of view of limiting the influence of negative factors that arose in the process of forming a new territorial basis of local self-government will allow the introduction of an auxiliary level of government in the system of local self-government. Two options for building a modern model of municipal governance in large communities and its organizational and legal support, taking into account European standards and principles. It is noted that the current legislation of Ukraine on selforganization of the population does not allow to fully reveal their potential as a sub-municipal level of community development and management, and does not meet the requirements of the current stage of reforming the territorial organization of power on the basis of decentralization. It is noted that the advantages of introducing support units are: decentralization, empowerment of local communities - individual and collective ability to influence decisions and plans for their community, bringing “power” to the people, improving the effectiveness of decisions and actions of local governments. Because on the ground much better awareness of the needs and current situation in the community, localization – at the level of local communities there are certain values, the loss of which is unacceptable – social ties, neighborhood, interaction. It is concluded that there is an urgent need to decentralize municipal government by introducing a full sub-municipal level in the system of local self-government, as well as legislative consolidation of Starostinsky districts as an auxiliary territorial level and determining the formation and operation of their representative and executive bodies.
PHENOMENOLOGY OF MUNICIPALISM: TO THE EXTRACTION OF STRUCTURAL BLOCK ELEMENTS
Authors:   e Institute of Legislation of the Verkhovna Rada of Ukraine, Postoronko Inna G.
Published: May 2022

The article is devoted to the analysis of the structural construction of the phenomenology of modern municipalism with the use of a systematic set of methods of legal knowledge. The author believes that taking into account characterological substantive, functional, narrative, connotational, contextual and identification features of the phenomenology of modern municipalism allows not only to identify, comprehend and understand the systemic criteria that form, determine, actualize and transform the studied period in the phenomenological but also to identify the relevant structural block elements that form and constitute it, including ideological, doctrinal, social, normative, praxeological, psychological, behavioral and other blocks. The conclusion is substantiated that the municipalization of public and state life, as well as the municipalization of the legal system of the state is an important driving force in the process of formation of structural block elements of modern municipalism. It is a complex process of restructuring and reorientation of social, state and normative constants of development and functioning of society, state, legal system from the needs of the state to the needs and interests of a person, its groups and collectives - to optimize social, state, normative technologies of existence and development man in a state-organized society, proper provision of its rights and freedoms. At the same time, the author added to this list the current trends of constitutionalization of international law and internationalization of constitutional law, which provide the phenomenology of municipalism of international legal personality, accompany and ensure its formation and development at the level of a state, associations and international community. Legal obligations contained in multilateral international agreements. It is concluded that taking into account the characterological content, functional, narrative, connotational, contextual and identification features of the phenomenology of modern municipalism allows not only to identify, comprehend and understand the systemic criteria that form, determine, actualize and transform the studied period in the studied but also to identify the relevant structural block elements that form and constitute it, including ideological, doctrinal, social, normative, praxeological, psychological, behavioral and other blocks. Restructuring the existing mechanisms, based on state statism and the priority of state interests in the opposite direction of the actual opposite teleological dominants, is one of the main tasks of municipal reform in Ukraine.
ANALISIS TATANIAGA KOPRA PUTIH DI KECAMATAN TEMPULING KABUPATEN INDRAGIRI HILIR
Authors: Ida putri yani  , Bakce Djaimi , Hadi Syaiful
Published: May 2022

Tataniaga kopra putih di Kecamatan Tempuling adalah pelaku usaha menjual kopra putih ke pedagang pengumpul karena pelaku usaha tidak memiliki kemampuan untuk memasarkan langsung ke eksportir. Harga kopra putih ditentukan oleh pedagang pengumpul sehingga pelaku usaha tidak mendapatkan harga penawaran yang lebih tinggi. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk 1) memberikan gambaran mengenai saluran tataniaga, 2) menganalisis margin dan efisiensi tataniaga kopra putih. Pengambilan sampel pedagang pengumpul dan eksportir menggunakan metode sensus. Tataniaga kopra putih di Kecamatan Tempuling memiliki 3 saluran tataniaga yaitu, saluran I: pelaku usaha – eksportir – Pakistan dan Bangladesh, saluran II: pelaku usaha – pedagang pengumpul – eksportir – Pakistan dan Bangladesh, dan saluran III: pelaku usaha – pedagang pengumpul – pedagang besar – industri hilir domestik kopra putih. Saluran III adalah saluran tataniaga hanya kopra putih jenis riject, karena kopra putih riject tidak di ekspor ke luar negeri. Saluran I lebih efisien dari pada saluran II yaitu Grade A sebesar 18% dan Grade B 21%. Sedangkan pada saluran II efisiensi Grade A sebesar 20% dan Grade B 23%. Jika ditinjau dari margin tataniaganya, saluran I memiliki margin tataniaga yang lebih besar karena pelaku usaha menjual kopra putih langsung ke eksportir tidak melalui pedagang pengumpul, sehingga harga lebih tinggi.

 White copra in Tempuling Subdistrict, business people sell white copra to collecting merchants. Businesses do not have the ability to market directly to exporters. The price of white copra is determined by the collecting merchant so that the businessman does not get a higher bid price. The study aims to 1) provide an overview of the governance channels, 2) analyze the margins and efficiency of white copra governance. Sampling of merchant collectors and exporters uses census methods. White copra administration in Tempuling Subdistrict has 3 commerce channels namely, channel I: business actors - exporters - Pakistan and Bangladesh, channel II: business actors - collecting traders - exporters - Pakistan and Bangladesh, and channel III: business people - collecting traders - wholesalers - domestic downstream industries white copra. Channel III is the only riject-type white copra channel, because white copra riject is not exported abroad. Channel I is more efficient than channel II, grade A at 18% and Grade B at 21%. While in channel II the efficiency of Grade A is 20% and Grade B is 23%. When viewed from the margin of the trade, channel I has a larger commerce margin because businesses sell white copra directly to exporters not through collecting traders, so prices are higher.
DETECTION OF FLUOROQUINOLONE RESISTANCE IN MYCOBACTERIUM TUBERCULOSIS ISOLATE CAUSED BY MUTATION IN THE GYRA GENE
Authors: Wulandari Citra , Maritska Ziske
Published: May 2022

Drug-resistant tuberculosis is a public health concern. TB that is drug-resistant to rifampin and isoniazid is known as MDR-TB, whereas XDR-TB is MDR-TB that is also resistant to second-line medicines, such as fluoroquinolones (levofloxacin, ofloxacin, and moxifloxacin). rifampin-resistant tuberculosis (RR-TB), of which 78 percent had multidrug-resistant tuberculosis (MDR-TB) (MDR-TB). Fluoroquinolones are a class of broad-spectrum antimicrobials that have become increasingly popular in recent years. Fluoroquinolones have activity against Mycobacterium tuberculosis both in vitro and in vivo. Fluoroquinolones might cause resistance if they are used inappropriately or excessively. According to several investigations, the majority of fluoroquinolone-resistant M. tuberculosis isolates (approximately 50-90 percent) had mutations in the gyrA gene QRDR Quinolone Resistance Determination Region. However, the genetic involvement of various gyrA gene mutations in resistant Mycobacterium TB isolates against fluoroquinolone resistance remains an unknown gyrA gene mutation pattern in resistant Mycobacterium tuberculosis isolates. In the previous investigation, mutations in the gyrA gene were discovered at codons 90 and 94.
POLYMORPHISMS OF THE PROGESTERONE RECEPTOR GENE IN ENDOMETRIOSIS PATIENTS OF SOUTH SUMATRA, INDONESIA
Authors: Saleh Muhammad Irsan , Nawawi Rizki Andini , Subandrate Subandrate
Published: May 2022

Polymorphisms of the progesterone receptor gene alter the expressions of two receptor isoforms involved in the regulation of progesterone's antiproliferative effect in endometriotic tissue. This study aims to identify the +331G/A polymorphism of the progesterone receptor gene in endometriosis patients in Palembang, South Sumatra. Identification of +331G/A single-nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) was conducted on 42 endometriosis patients through polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP). In this study, twenty-six (61.9%) subjects had heterozygous mutant genotype for the +331G/A SNP. No subject with homozygous mutant genotype for the +331G/A polymorphism was identified. The frequencies of polymorphic alleles for the +331G/A polymorphism was 30.9%. In conclusion, the +331G/A progesterone receptor gene polymorphism was present in endometriosis patients in Palembang, South Sumatra. This finding may warrant further studies to determine whether this polymorphism play a role in the development of endometriosis in the Indonesian population.
Tree-Cutting Detecting System Using Residual Neural Networks
Authors: Asmaa Hargura  , Esther Khakata
Published: May 2022

Trees are significant in that there are products that originate from them. Wood is the greatest product of trees together with other products like timber and paper. Carbonized wood produces charcoal that is energy used for cooking. Trees, as indicated above, have quite a range of importance and usage to the human beings, hence they are not usable while still intact. Due to this reason, people end up cutting down many trees to meet their needs like timber and charcoal. The problem is finding the culprits who cut down trees for their own selfish needs.
This paper discusses a solution to this challenge. This is the Tree-cutting Detection System designed to alert the forest authorities when there is tree-cutting going on in the forest. There is detecting device placed in the forest to listen to whether there are chainsaw sounds or not. When it detects chainsaw sounds, meaning there is tree-cutting going on, the forest authorities are alerted through an alarm and the location of the device that signal them is given so as to access the scene easily and faster.
The development methodology adopted in the implementation stage was an agile approach. The solution was the designed and developed through several iteration phases of feedback and improvements of functionalities. Finally, testing of the system done severally during development and after the system completed.