bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Степени когомологических классов мультиособенностей в пространствах Гурвица рациональных функций
Authors: Bychkov Boris Sergeevich
Published: January 2019

Пространства Гурвица представляют собой пространства мероморфных функций с предписанными порядками полюсов на кривых заданного рода. В этой статье мы выводим новые формулы для степеней стратов пространств Гурвица рода 0, отвечающих функциям с двумя непростыми критическими значениями с предписанными разбиениями кратностей прообразов. При этом одно из критических значений имеет произвольную кратность прообразов, а другое является простейшим вырожденным критическим значением.
О симметризации $\varepsilon$-изометрий банаховых пространств
Authors: Cheng Lixin , Sun Longfa
Published: January 2019

В заметке рассматривается слабая стабильность симметризации $\Theta=(f( \boldsymbol\cdot )-f(- \boldsymbol\cdot ))/2$ общей $\varepsilon$-изометрии $f\colon X \to Y$ из одного банахова пространства в другое. В частности, получен следующий, в определенном смысле неожиданный, результат о слабой стабильности: для каждого $x^\ast\in X^\ast$ найдется $\varphi\in Y^\ast$, такой, что
$\|\varphi\|=\|x^\ast\|:= r$ и
$$
|\langle x^\ast,x\rangle-\langle \varphi,\Theta(x)\rangle|\le\tfrac{3}{2}r\varepsilon\quad{для всех } x\in X.
$$
Основываясь на этом, мы выводим несколько новых результатов о стабильности симметризации $\Theta$ отображения $f$.
Sources and processes that control the submicron organic aerosol composition in an urban Mediterranean environment (Athens): a high temporal-resolution chemical composition measurement study
Authors: Stavroulas Iasonas , Bougiatioti Aikaterini , Grivas Georgios , Paraskevopoulou Despina , Tsagkaraki Maria , Zarmpas Pavlos , Liakakou Eleni , Gerasopoulos Evangelos , Mihalopoulos Nikolaos
Published: January 2019

Abstract. Submicron aerosol chemical composition was studied during a year-long
period (26 July 2016–31 July 2017) and two wintertime intensive campaigns
(18 December 2013–21 February 2014 and 23 December 2015–17 February 2016),
at a central site in Athens, Greece, using an Aerosol Chemical Speciation
Monitor (ACSM). Concurrent measurements included a particle-into-liquid
sampler (PILS-IC), a scanning mobility particle sizer (SMPS), an AE-33
Aethalometer, and ion chromatography analysis on 24 or 12 h filter samples.
The aim of the study was to characterize the seasonal variability of the main
submicron aerosol constituents and decipher the sources of organic aerosol
(OA). Organics were found to contribute almost half of the submicron mass,
with 30 min resolution concentrations during wintertime reaching up to
200 µg m−3. During winter (all three campaigns combined),
primary sources contributed about 33 % of the organic fraction, and comprised
biomass burning (10 %), fossil fuel combustion (13 %), and cooking
(10 %), while the remaining 67 % was attributed to secondary aerosol.
The semi-volatile component of the oxidized organic aerosol (SV-OOA;
22 %) was found to be clearly linked to combustion sources, in
particular biomass burning; part of the very oxidized,
low-volatility component (LV-OOA; 44 %) could also be attributed to the
oxidation of emissions from these primary combustion sources. These results, based on the combined contribution of biomass burning organic
aerosol (BBOA) and SV-OOA, indicate the importance of increased biomass
burning in the urban environment of Athens as a result of the economic recession.
During summer, when concentrations of fine aerosols are considerably lower,
more than 80 % of the organic fraction is attributed to secondary aerosol
(SV-OOA 31 % and LV-OOA 53 %). In contrast to winter, SV-OOA appears
to result from a well-mixed type of aerosol that is linked to fast photochemical
processes and the oxidation of primary traffic and biogenic emissions.
Finally, LV-OOA presents a more regional character in summer, owing to the
oxidation of OA over the period of a few days.
The value of satellite observations in the analysis and short-range prediction of Asian dust
Authors: Benedetti Angela , Di Giuseppe Francesca , Jones Luke , Peuch Vincent-Henri , Rémy Samuel , Zhang Xiaoye
Published: January 2019

Abstract. Asian dust is a seasonal meteorological phenomenon which
affects east Asia, and has severe consequences on the air quality of China,
North and South Korea and Japan. Despite the continental extent, the
prediction of severe episodes and the anticipation of their consequences is
challenging. Three 1-year experiments were run to assess the skill of the
model of the European Centre for Medium-Range Weather Forecasts (ECMWF) in
monitoring Asian dust and understand its relative contribution to the aerosol
load over China. Data used were the Moderate Resolution Imaging
Spectroradiometer (MODIS) Dark Target and the Deep Blue aerosol optical depth
(AOD). In particular the experiments aimed at understanding the added value
of data assimilation runs over a model run without any aerosol data. The year
2013 was chosen as representative of the availability of independent AOD data
from two established ground-based networks (AERONET, Aerosol Robotic Network,
and CARSNET, China Aerosol Remote Sensing Network), which could be used to
evaluate experiments. Particulate matter (PM) data from the China
Environmental Protection Agency were also used in the evaluation. Results
show that the assimilation of satellite AOD data is beneficial to predict the
extent and magnitude of desert dust events and to improve the short-range
forecast of such events. The availability of observations from the MODIS Deep
Blue algorithm over bright surfaces is an asset, allowing for a better
localization of the sources and definition of the dust events. In general
both experiments constrained by data assimilation perform better than the
unconstrained experiment, generally showing smaller normalized mean bias and
fractional gross error with respect to the independent verification datasets.
The impact of the assimilated satellite observations is larger at analysis
time, but lasts into the forecast up to 48 h. The performance of the global
model in terms of particulate matter does not show the same degree of skill
as the performance in terms of optical depth. Despite this, the global model
is able to capture some regional pollution patterns. This indicates that the
global model analyses may be used as boundary conditions for regional air
quality models at higher resolution, enhancing their performance in
situations in which part of the pollution may have originated from
large-scale mechanisms. While assimilation is not a substitute for model
development and characterization of the emission sources, results indicate
that it can play a role in delivering improved monitoring of Asian dust
optical depth.
Estimation of Liquid Water Path in Stratiform Precipitation Systems using Radar Measurements during MC3E
Authors: Tian Jingjing , Dong Xiquan , Xi Baike , Williams Christopher R. , Wu Peng
Published: January 2019

Abstract. In this study, the liquid water path (LWP) in stratiform precipitation systems is retrieved, which is a combination of rain liquid water path (RLWP) and cloud liquid water path (CLWP). The retrieval algorithm uses measurements from the vertically pointing radars (VPRs) at 35 GHz and 3 GHz operated by the U.S Department of Energy Atmospheric Radiation Measurement (ARM) and National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) during the field campaign Midlatitude Continental Convective Clouds Experiment (MC3E). The measured radar reflectivity and mean Doppler velocity from both VPRs and spectrum width from the 35 GHz radar are utilized. With the aid of the cloud base detected by ceilometer, the LWP in the liquid layer is retrieved under two different situations: (I) no cloud exists below the melting base, and (II) cloud exists below the melting base. In (I), LWP is primarily contributed from raindrops only, i.e., RLWP, which is estimated by analyzing the Doppler velocity differences between two VPRs. In (II), cloud particles and raindrops coexist in the liquid layer. The CLWP is estimated using a modified attenuation-based algorithm. Two stratiform precipitation cases (20 May 2011 and 11 May 2011) during MC3E are illustrated for two situations, respectively. With a total of 14 hours of samples during MC3E, statistical results show that the occurrence of cloud particles below the melting base is low (8 %), however, the mean CLWP value can be up to 0.87 kg m−2, which is much larger than the RLWP (0.22 kg m−2). When only raindrops exist below the melting base, the averaged RLWP value is larger (0.33 kg m−2) than the with cloud situation. The overall mean LWP below the melting base is 0.39 kg m−2 for stratiform systems during MC3E.
Modeling oceanic nitrate and nitrite concentrations and isotopes using a 3-D inverse N cycle model
Authors: Martin Taylor S. , Primeau François , Casciotti Karen L.
Published: January 2019

Abstract. Nitrite (NO2-) is a key intermediate in the marine nitrogen (N) cycle
and a substrate in nitrification, which produces nitrate (NO3-),
as well as water column N loss processes denitrification and anammox. In
models of the marine N cycle, NO2- is often not considered as a
separate state variable, since NO3- occurs in much higher
concentrations in the ocean. In oxygen deficient zones (ODZs), however,
NO2- represents a substantial fraction of the bioavailable N,
and modeling its production and consumption is important to understand the N
cycle processes occurring there, especially those where bioavailable N is
lost from or retained within the water column. Improving N cycle models by
including NO2- is important in order to better quantify N
cycling rates in ODZs, particularly N loss rates. Here we present the
expansion of a global 3-D inverse N cycle model to include NO2-
as a reactive intermediate as well as the processes that produce and consume
NO2- in marine ODZs. NO2- accumulation in ODZs is
accurately represented by the model involving NO3- reduction,
NO2- reduction, NO2- oxidation, and anammox. We
model both 14N and 15N and use a compilation of
oceanographic measurements of NO3- and NO2-
concentrations and isotopes to place a better constraint on the N cycle
processes occurring. The model is optimized using a range of isotope effects
for denitrification and NO2- oxidation, and we find that the
larger (more negative) inverse isotope effects for NO2-
oxidation, along with relatively high rates of NO2-, oxidation
give a better simulation of NO3- and NO2-
concentrations and isotopes in marine ODZs.
Soil nitrogen response to shrub encroachment in a degrading semi-arid grassland
Authors: Turpin-Jelfs Thomas , Michaelides Katerina , Biederman Joel A. , Anesio Alexandre M.
Published: January 2019

Abstract. Transitions from grass- to shrub-dominated states in drylands by
woody plant encroachment represent significant forms of land cover change
with the potential to alter the spatial distribution and cycling of soil
resources. Yet an understanding of how this phenomenon impacts the soil
nitrogen pool, which is essential to primary production in arid and semi-arid
systems, is poorly resolved. In this study, we quantified how the
distribution and speciation of soil nitrogen, as well as rates of free-living
biological nitrogen fixation, changed along a gradient of increasing mesquite
(Prosopis velutina Woot.) cover in a semi-arid grassland of the
southwestern US. Our results show that site-level concentrations of total
nitrogen remain unchanged with increasing shrub cover as losses from
inter-shrub areas (sum of grass and bare-soil cover) are proportional to
increases in soils under shrub canopies. However, despite the similar
carbon-to-nitrogen ratio and microbial biomass of soil from inter-shrub and
shrub areas at each site, site-level concentrations of inorganic nitrogen
increase with shrub cover due to the accumulation of ammonium and nitrate in
soils beneath shrub canopies. Using the acetylene reduction assay technique,
we found increasing ratios of inorganic nitrogen to bioavailable phosphorus
inhibit rates of biological nitrogen fixation by free-living soil bacteria.
Overall, these results provide a greater insight into how grassland-to-shrubland
transitions influence the soil N pool through associated impacts on the soil
microbial biomass.
Heinrich events show two-stage climate response in transient glacial simulations
Authors: Ziemen Florian Andreas , Kapsch Marie-Luise , Klockmann Marlene , Mikolajewicz Uwe
Published: January 2019

Abstract. Heinrich events are among the dominant modes of glacial climate variability. During these events, massive iceberg armadas were released by the Laurentide Ice Sheet and sailed across the Atlantic where they melted and released freshwater, as well as detritus, that formed characteristic layers on the seafloor. Heinrich events are known for cold climates in the North Atlantic region and global climate changes. We study these events in a fully coupled complex ice sheet–climate model with synchronous coupling between ice sheets and oceans. The ice discharges occur as an internal variability of the model with a recurrence period of 5 kyr, an event duration of 1–1.5 kyr, and a peak discharge rate of about 50 mSv, roughly consistent with reconstructions. The climate response shows a two-stage behavior, with freshwater release effects dominating the surge phase and ice sheet elevation effects dominating the post-surge phase. As a direct response to the freshwater discharge during the surge phase, deepwater formation in the North Atlantic decreases and the North Atlantic deepwater cell weakens by 3.5 Sv. With the reduced oceanic heat transport, the surface temperatures across the North Atlantic decrease, and the associated reduction in evaporation causes a drying in Europe. The ice discharge lowers the surface elevation in the Hudson Bay area and thus leads to increased precipitation and accelerated ice sheet regrowth in the post-surge phase. Furthermore, the jet stream widens to the north, which contributes to a weakening of the subpolar gyre and a continued cooling over Europe even after the ice discharge. This two-stage behavior can explain previously contradicting model results and understandings of Heinrich events.
Multi-scale temporal variability in meltwater contributions in a tropical glacierized watershed
Authors: Saberi Leila , McLaughlin Rachel T. , Ng G.-H. Crystal , La Frenierre Jeff , Wickert Andrew D. , Baraer Michel , Zhi Wei , Li Li , Mark Bryan G.
Published: January 2019

Abstract. Climate models predict amplified warming at high elevations in low latitudes,
making tropical glacierized regions some of the most vulnerable hydrological
systems in the world. Observations reveal decreasing streamflow due to
retreating glaciers in the Andes, which hold 99 % of all tropical
glaciers. However, the timescales over which meltwater contributes to
streamflow and the pathways it takes – surface and subsurface – remain
uncertain, hindering our ability to predict how shrinking glaciers will
impact water resources. Two major contributors to this uncertainty are the
sparsity of hydrologic measurements in tropical glacierized watersheds and
the complication of hydrograph separation where there is year-round glacier
melt. We address these challenges using a multi-method approach that employs
repeat hydrochemical mixing model analysis, hydroclimatic time series
analysis, and integrated watershed modeling. Each of these approaches
interrogates distinct timescale relationships among meltwater, groundwater,
and stream discharge. Our results challenge the commonly held conceptual
model that glaciers buffer discharge variability. Instead, in a subhumid
watershed on Volcán Chimborazo, Ecuador, glacier melt drives nearly all
the variability in discharge (Pearson correlation coefficient of 0.89 in
simulations), with glaciers contributing a broad range of 20 %–60 %
or wider of discharge, mostly (86 %) through surface runoff on hourly
timescales, but also through infiltration that increases annual groundwater
contributions by nearly 20 %. We further found that rainfall may enhance
glacier melt contributions to discharge at timescales that complement glacier
melt production, possibly explaining why minimum discharge occurred at the
study site during warm but dry El Niño conditions, which typically
heighten melt in the Andes. Our findings caution against extrapolations from
isolated measurements: stream discharge and glacier melt contributions in
tropical glacierized systems can change substantially at hourly to
interannual timescales, due to climatic variability and surface to subsurface
flow processes.
Improving subduction interface implementation in dynamic numerical models
Authors: Sandiford Dan , Moresi Louis
Published: January 2019

Abstract. This study focuses on methodological issues related to dynamic subduction zone modelling. Numerical models often employ an entrained weak layer (WL approach) to facilitate decoupling between the subducting and overriding plates. In such a setup, the kinematics of the flow lead to width variations in the subduction interface. When a uniform-width interface is prescribed, a transient evolution of the interface thickness occurs, during which the volmetric flux along the interface profile establishes equilibrium. Width variations can exceed 4× during this stage, which may impact the effective strength of the interface, both through physical effects if the rheology is linear, and numerical effects if the fault becomes poorly resolved. This transient process induces strong sensitivity to model resolution, and may present a significant challenge to reproducibility. Developing more robust ways to model the subduction interface will enable fully dynamic models to address sensitive subduction-zone processes, such as metamorphism near the slab top. In this study we discuss a simple strategy aimed at improving the standard WL approach. By prescribing a variable thickness weak layer at the outset of the model, and by controlling the limits of the layer thickness during the model evolution, we find improved stability and resolution convergence of the models.
Metadiscourse Devices in English Scientific Research Articles Written by Native and Non- Native Speakers of English
Authors: Al-Zubeiry Hameed Yahya A.
Published: January 2019

The present study examined the frequently used metadiscourse devices in English scientific research articles written by native (English researchers) and non-native (Arab English researcher) and sought to determine whether differences exist in the use of these devices between Arab researchers of scientific research articles and Native English researchers of scientific research articles. Data was collected from forty research scientific articles written and published in international journals and Arab journals; analysis was done in accordance with Hayland’s model. The analysis revealed that frequently used metadiscourse devices in scientific articles written by native English writers and Arab English writers include evidentials code glosses, frame markers, and endophoric markers; and hedges; boosters; and attitude markers. The results also showed that native English writers of scientific articles embrace more metadiscourse resources than Arab English researchers of scientific academic articles. This confirms that native English writers of scientific articles are more proficient at English than Arab English researchers given the differences in the frequency of metadiscourse resources used. This finding has implication to Arab researchers of scientific research articles.
Withdrawn Presence
Authors: Nancy Jean-Luc
Published: January 2019

This is doubtless one way of understanding the claim made by Pessoa that the divinity of the Greek gods consists in their statues. These statues do not represent divinity but present it; they themselves are that divinity. For Pessoa, that could mean that there is nothing divine beyond this beautiful appearance, or more accurately, nothing beyond this beautiful appearing, which is not a phenomenon grounded in a thing “in itself” but, within the tautology of its form, is itself all there is of the divine. For us, this will mean a little more: The divine appears in the resemblance of the human form to itself....
Divine Abandonment
Authors: Nancy Jean-Luc
Published: January 2019

The loss of the halo in Baudelaire could have as its equivalent in painting the numerous skulls painted by Cézanne, often alone (“autonomous”) but sometimes accompanied by a portrait. The bony skull had previously been a preferred symbol for “vanity.” Once divorced from the discourse of religion, the skull now seems to qualify the subject not from the perspective of its destiny but in terms of what is happening with its presence. So, one might suggest that, for the portrait, the halo—the possibility, very simply, of a divine dignity or a consecration—was nothing other than the possibility of painting the presence deep within the subject, be it a mysterious presence or indeed precisely in its mystery (a mystery that is as social, hierarchical, or heroic as it is personal, spiritual, or sensual)....
Dis-figuration
Authors: Nancy Jean-Luc
Published: January 2019

It is against this backdrop that we need to differentiate the strictly contemporary that is both our subject and where we are ending up—the turn of the twentieth century to the beginning of the twenty-first—from the “contemporary” that has already been, if one may say so, registered as such. In terms of the portrait, this distinction could be characterized in terms of the various kinds of surplus enigma—to recover the term that we have distinguished from the mystery. Rather than devoting the time required for a detailed study of these terms, we will have to content ourselves with invoking them in a somewhat elliptical fashion....
Eclipse
Authors: Nancy Jean-Luc
Published: January 2019

The time and the movement of disfiguration—using this word as a kind of shorthand—continued, and continue to occur in various ways in our own time,1 but we might suggest that they all have something in common in terms of a trans-figuration in the sense that I have just outlined: a passing, a transience and an uncertainty, the fragility of a light touch, or an allusion. The portrait does not seek to capture the identity of a figure, nor does it seek to capture identity within a figure: Rather, it allows for something to approach and recede, so that it is less a question of identity than of presence, in the sense that this latter cannot be identified with pure position, to a being-here that is duly located or assigned to its place but, in an entirely different way, ...
Coda II
Authors: Nancy Jean-Luc
Published: January 2019

One could say that, at the same time and in the same movement, the portrait both recedes from itself and draws nearer to itself. It recedes to the point of abandoning any morphological representation in favor of a mimesis that can specifically become that of an indeterminate gesture of representation where miracles, fantasies, death masks, or ancient divinities can return (...
Coda III
Authors: Nancy Jean-Luc
Published: January 2019

The image and the portrait are thus intimately—or absolutely—linked. Every image is in search of, awaits, and demands an identity: the identity of a tree, a color, a face, whatever, for it is always a matter of that in which the “thing” is not only “what it is” but is ...
Thinking the Postcolonial Contemporary
Authors: Watson Jini Kim , Wilder Gary
Published: January 2019

To invoke the “postcolonial contemporary” is simultaneously to offer a proposition and to raise a question. It is an invitation to recognize and reflect upon the emphatically postcolonial character of the contemporary conjuncture as well as to inquire into whether postcolonial criticism can adequately grasp it. This introductory essay explores, on the one hand, how new historical situations require different analytic frameworks and, on the other, that grasping the political present requires close attention to historical continuities, repetitions, and reactivations. Neither simply for nor against postcolonialism, the volume seeks to cut across this false alternative. Our aim is to think with postcolonial theory about political contemporaneity.
Derrida at Montaigne
Authors: Chenoweth Katie
Published: January 2019

This chapter focuses on the Eleventh Session of Derrida’s Death Penalty seminar. In this session Derrida pauses in his readings of post-Enlightenment abolitionist discourse to turn to the Essais of Michel de Montaigne, the sixteenth-century French philosopher whose famous tower library he had visited shortly before delivering this lecture on March 22, 2000. Derrida opens the session by quoting Montaigne in a manner he describes as “theatrical” and somewhat “violent,” before announcing: “Since I’m at Montaigne, I’m going to stay a while.” This chapter asks what this “stay at Montaigne” represents for Derrida, how it operates strategically in his deconstruction of the death penalty, and what specific force Montaigne represents for Derrida. The chapter also examines several passages in Montaigne’s Essais not discussed by Derrida in order to see how Montaigne’s Pyrrhonian-style skepticism offers a pre-Enlightenment model of opposition to capital punishment.
“Bidding Up” on the Question of Sovereignty
Authors: Kuiken Kir
Published: January 2019

This chapter interrogates the logic that Derrida identifies in the Death Penalty seminars and elsewhere as a logic of “surenchère” or “bidding-up.” This logic characterizes the development of the death penalty out of its relation to the unconditional ground of sovereignty. Focusing on Derrida’s strategy of multiplying and interrogating figures of hyperbolic sovereignty, including the death penalty itself, this essay explores how the logic of “bidding up” governs both Kant and Benjamin’s very different understanding of the relation between the self-founding of law, and the death penalty’s application. Turning towards Derrida’s earlier reading of Benjamin, this chapter goes on to articulate how the motif of “divine violence” becomes a figure without figure for a different form of “bidding up” that introduces an alternative logic of the unconditional. It also introduces the possibility of a genuine philosophical opposition to the death penalty as the imbrication of law making and law-preserving violence.
Introduction
Authors: Meyer Eric Daryl
Published: January 2019

The introduction outlines the structure of the “problem of human animality” in Christian theological anthropology and explains how it leads to ineradicable tensions and contradictions in Christian accounts of human life that rely on anthropological exceptionalism. Prior to a summary of the book, the introduction also offers an explanation of its method with particular attention to the rationale behind the choice to focus on fourth-century Christian authors in conjunction with contemporary critical and constructive theology.
Walls
Authors: Coccia Emanuele , Gemma Marissa
Published: January 2019

This chapter offers philosophical reflections on the nature of commodities and their value in our civilization, focusing on the particular site where a commodity becomes recognizable as itself: the walls in our cities. It begins with a discussion of stones and the city as a “thing of stone”, arguing that stone inscriptions are the first tangible—and certainly the longest lasting—incarnation of what modern political philosophy has called the public sphere. It also asserts that the images, faces, and words that comprise this spatialized symbolic order express the city's collective ethos and goes on to explain how advertising enables us to encounter the commodity in the political space where the city has always articulated and portrayed its own ethos. The chapter concludes by suggesting that city walls imply a morality that in turn provides an important clue about the shape of the world we live in.
Analysis of Loneliness Levels and Digital Game Addiction of Middle School Students According to Various Variables
Authors: Ekinci Nurullah Emir , Yalcin Ilimdar , Ayhan Cihan
Published: January 2019

The aim of this study was to examine the loneliness levels of students at the middle school level and their digitalgame addictions in terms of various variables. The study group consisted of 404 volunteer students in 5th-8th gradein Kutahya, Turkey. As data collection tools, "Digital Game Addiction Scale", developed by Lemmens et al. (2009)and "UCLA Loneliness Scale" developed by Russell et al. (1980) were used. The SPSS package program was usedfor the analysis of the data. According to research findings, it was found that there was a statistically significantdifference between the levels of digital game addiction and loneliness according to participation status to sportsactivities (p<0,05). Moreover, it was found that the levels of both loneliness and digital game addiction of theparticipants to sports activity were lower than non-participating. When gender and age variables were examined, itwas determined that there was a statistically significant difference between digital game addiction, gender, and age(p<0,05), whereas there was no statistically difference between loneliness level and both variables (p>0,05). Inaddition, it was determined that there were a moderate level and positive relationship between the level of lonelinessand digital game addiction of middle school students.
Child Abuse and Children’s Strategies to Cope with Abuse
Authors: Osmanoğlu Devrim Erginsoy
Published: January 2019

health, life, development and / or dignity. The prevention of abuse will be possible through the recognition of abuseand abuser by the child and strengthening of the active strategies used by the child to act against them. In line withthe general purpose of the study, answer to the questions “Which age groups from among the elementary school andsecondary school students are under the risk in terms of being abused?”, “Which type of abuse is frequentlyexperienced by the child?”, “Who are the abusers?”, “What are the strategies used by the child abused to cope withthe incidence of abuse?” were sought. An opinion form consisted of 8 questions was used in the current research.The data collected from a total of 616 students were subjected to content analysis. According to the results obtained75% of the children from different age groups were found to have been subject to abuse and all the age groups weremost abused by their peers, followed by family members and relatives.
Evaluation of Health Promotive and Protective Behaviors in Terms of Different Qualities: A Study on Physical Education Teachers
Authors: Caz Çağdaş , Yıldırım Mehmet
Published: January 2019

Health is one of the most valuable things that we can have. The first thing that comes to mind when we think of health is our physical structure. However, mental health is also of crucial importance. In this context, the aim of this study is to examine physical education teachers’ health promoting and protective behaviors in terms of different qualities. Study sample consisted of 42 female and 98 male physical education teachers. Data were collected using the Health Promoting and Protective Behaviors Scale (HPPBS) developed by Bostan, Örsal, & Montenegro (2016). Data were descriptively analyzed. T-test and one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) were used for independent groups. Tukey’s multiple comparison test was used for posthoc pairwise comparisons to determine the source of difference. Health promoting and protective behaviors did not differ significantly by gender. However, there was a statistically significant difference in health promoting and protective behaviors between participants who have regular check-ups and pay attention to their diet and sleep and those who do not.
Virtual Immersive Learning Environments (VILEs) Based on Digital Storytelling to Enhance Deeper Learning for Undergraduate Students
Authors: Jantakoon Thada , Wannapiroon Panita , Nilsook Prachyanun
Published: January 2019

This research aimed at proposing virtual immersive learning environments (VILEs) based on digital storytelling to enhance deeper learning for undergraduate students in all fields. The VILEs based on digital storytelling to enhance deeper learning for undergraduate students was developed based on the review of the literature, the expert’s interview and evaluated by five experts. The research results were found that the VILEs based on digital storytelling to enhance deeper learning for undergraduate students consist of three components were (1) Immersive technology, (2) Digital storytelling process, and (3) Stories Evaluation. The experts also evaluated which step of the VILEs based on digital storytelling to enhance deep learning for undergraduate students was suitable for the development of the respective aspects of deeper learning.
Nutritional Contribution of Litter in Rainforest of Brazil
Authors: Lima Rosival B. A. , Marangon Luiz C. , Freire Fernando J. , Feliciano Ana L. P. , Freire Maria B. G. S. , Silva Roseane K. S. , Freire Clarissa S.
Published: January 2019

Lowlands Dense Ombrophilous Forest is one phytophysiognomies of Atlantic Forest in Brazil. The main ecological characteristic of this forest is the Ombrophilous environment, related to high rainfall and temperature indexes. Nutrient cycling is well balanced in the periods of good thermo-pluviometric distribution. Global climatic changes have been intensifying in recent years making rainfall irregular, changing its distribution and intensity throughout the year. This can affect the natural regeneration and vegetative growth of the species. This study aimed to correlate litterfall and nutrient contribution with climatic variations, identifying the level of importance of this correlation and which nutrients may have their compromised cycling. Literfall was collected monthly in 40 collectors. N, P, K, Ca and Mg contents were determined and their stocks were calculated. The litter deposition was 8,261.15 kg ha-1 year-1 and was not influenced by rainfall and temperature. The N, P, K, Ca and Mg stock in this litter was 244.93 kg ha-1 year-1, being stored just of N 113.75 kg ha-1 year-1. P and K stocks varied with rainfall and temperature, suggesting that variations in these climatic variables may interfere in the cycling of these nutrients in this forest fragment.
Spectral Response of Water Under Different Concentrations of Suspended Sediment: Measurement and Simplified Modeling
Authors: Lopes J. W. B. , Lopes F. B. , Andrade E. M. de , Chaves L. C. G. , Carneiro M. G. R.
Published: January 2019

Understanding the spectral behaviour of water is of the greatest importance to the quality management of water resources. Continuous monitoring by remote sensing is therefore essential for administrators seeking the efficient management of its many uses. The aim of this research was to characterise the spectral response of water submitted to different concentrations of sediments of varying textural properties, organic matter and salts, and to identify the implications of these characteristics using simplified modelling. The experiment was conducted at the Radiometry Laboratory of the Department of Agricultural Engineering of the Federal University of Ceará, Brazil. The soils used in the research came from two areas of irrigated agriculture in Ceará, one in Morada Nova and the other in Pentecoste. Both soils were classified as Fluvic Neosols; the first saline and the second saline-sodic, and presented significant differences in granulometric composition and organic matter content. From the results, it can be concluded that: (i) sediments added at different concentrations cause an increase and deformation of the reflectance curves, and that maximum spectral partitioning occurs at two reflectance peaks; (ii) derivative analysis favours the identification of wavelengths that best differentiate sediment concentration, allowing more-efficient modelling of the process; (iii) the characteristics of texture, organic matter and salt content have little effect on estimating suspended-sediment concentration in the water, making multiple linear regression modelling a viable option for this purpose.
Effects of Coffee Bean Grounds on Urochloa brizantha Growth
Authors: Silva Tácio P. Da , Melo Bruno M. R. de , Castro Douglas G. , Neto Antonio R. , Félix Marco R. , Botelho Flávia B. S.
Published: January 2019

The management of invasive plants is strategic for agricultural areas, since these plants lead to a reduction in productivity. Among potential forms of management is the application of coffee grounds, given that the caffeine present in this residue has allelopathic effects. As such, this study’s objective was to evaluate Urochloa brizantha growth and phytotoxicity when administering different doses of coffee grounds before and after emergence. The experiment was conducted in a greenhouse of the Federal University of Lavras. Planting of the invasive species employed 8-liter vases with 50 seeds each. Assays were performed using a randomized block design, with three replicates, in a 4 × 2 factorial scheme. The first factor was coffee ground dosage: 55, 73 and 100 g doses were diluted in 100 mL of water, and each pot received 100 mL of coffee grounds slurry. The second factor was period of application: pre or post-emergence. Evaluated parameters were: plant height; dry shoot mass; phytotoxicity, speed of emergence (SE), and number of emerged plants. We found that pre-emergence treatments significantly reduced the growth of Urochloa brizantha. In respect to the ‘SE’ and ‘number of emerged plants’ parameters, slurry with coffee grounds doses up to 50 g were found to compromise plant emergence. In respect to phytotoxicity percentage, a linear increase was observed according to the increase in sludge dosage. This study concludes that, when applied during pre-emergence and in low concentrations, coffee grounds compromise the growth of Urochloa brizantha.
Growth and Productivity of Different Potato Cultivars
Authors: Merga Bulti , Dechassa Nigussie
Published: January 2019

During the experimental years of 2017 and 2018 eight potato cultivars were evaluated for their growth traits and productivity in tuber yield. The potato cultivars used in these experimental seasons were; Bubu (as a standard check), Chiro, Gebisa, Belete, Gudene, Badasa Jarso and Dedafa. The first six consecutive potatoes are improved cultivars which were released by Ethiopian research institute and University while the last two potatoes were collected from farmers and cultivated as local (native) cultivars. The objective of this study was to compare the growth and productivity potato cultivars grown at eastern regions of Ethiopia. The results revealed that performance of improved potato cultivars were high in both evaluated yield related traits and average tuber yield. The performances of evaluated potatoes were not similar among cultivars and within cultivar throughout experimental seasons. The experimental design was a randomized block design in three replications. The field management; seed tuber selection, land preparation, planting, fertilizer application method and amount, ridging, weeding, cultivation, harvesting, data collection method and collected data analysis has been carried out for all potato cultivars in similar manner. Potato tubers from four middle rows were analyzed for parameters such as tuber yield, tuber number, marketable and total tuber yield. The highest tuber yield was revealed with cultivar Bubu (39.4 t ha-1) while the lowest with Jarso (20.89 t ha-1). The highest tuber number was showed with cultivar Badasa (12.73 plant-1) and the lowest with Belete (7 plant-1). Hence, there were no correlation between average tuber yield and number.
Volatile Organic Compounds Role in Selective Pollinator Visits to Commercial Melon Types
Authors: Fernandes Nayanny de S. , Silva Francisca Aliny N. , Aragão Fernando A. S. de , Zocolo Guilherme J. , Freitas Breno M.
Published: January 2019

Pollination is essential for food production in the world, but in pollinator-dependent crops it relies on the attraction of pollinators to flowers. However, crop varieties vary in their attractiveness to flower visitors and volatile compounds emitted by flowers may play a significant role in attracting or repelling pollinators. Here, we investigated the volatile organic compounds (VOCs) present in both male and hermaphrodite flowers of five commercial types of melon Cucumis melo (Cantaloupe, Charentais, Galia, Piel de sapo and Yellow), and their role in attracting or repelling Apis mellifera foragers. We found significant variation in the identity and proportion of these chemical compounds produced by both melon types and flower genders and observed significant positive and negative correlations between the amount of D-Limonene and Benzaldehyde (bee attractants) and α-Pinene (bee repellent), respectively, to the number of bee visits to flowers particularly in the Cantaloupe type and hermaphrodite flowers, the most visited ones. Our results suggest that differences in the composition of melon floral VOCs and the proportion of the different compounds play significant role in the number of visits by A. mellifera with possible implications to pollination and fruit yield. It also implies to the perspective of breeding varieties more attractive to pollinators through the selection of flower lines richer in bee-attractant and/or poorer in bee-repellent volatiles.
What Is a Good Mediator?
Authors: Garby Thierry
Published: January 2019

What Is a Good Mediator?

When the time comes to select a mediator, the judge, the lawyers, the parties or the mediation centre will want to find a good one. This raises two questions: what is a good mediator and how to find one?

The answer to the first question seems rather simple: a good mediator is one that the parties are happy with. This raises another set of questions: if the parties were happy with a mediator in one case, would they be happy with the same person in another case? Would other parties be happy with this mediator as well? If the answers are not a yes without reservation to both of those questions, then the question becomes: who would be a good mediator for this case between these parties?
The Power of the CPR Pledge
Authors: Hanft Noah J.
Published: January 2019

The Power of the CPR Pledge

The International Institute for Conflict Prevention & Resolution (CPR) has a long history of helping people consider more thoughtful and collaborative ways of preventing and resolving disputes. One of their vehicles for doing so is a series of pledges.
Invisible violence - when a woman is an executioner: review of the studies
Authors: Kempińska Urszula
Published: January 2019

Domestic violence is a global issue that crosses national borders, as well as socio-economic, cultural, racial and class differences. This problem is widely dispersed geographically, which made it typical and tolerated in many social environments. The violence used by an intimate partner Intimate Partner Violence is a currently accepted term used to describe "violence in family" or "domestic violence". IPV is traditionally understood as a crime committed by strong, dominant men against vulnerable women. This issue appears regularly in public debates, the media and scientific studies. However, the violence used by women against men is still a taboo subject. Research on this phenomenon is still rare. However, domestic violence exerted by women is a reality, it occurs virtually in every society, although to a different degree. The aim of the article is to show the violence against men exerted by women, as well as the causes and effects of the phenomenon. Institutional forms of support for men - victims of violence - in selected French-speaking countries were also presented. The article is based on the monographic method - the analysis of available scientific sources (published in English, French and Polish) describing the phenomenon being diagnosed
Officially Under Way
Authors: Tamte Roger R.
Published: January 2019

The American system of residential colleges is conducive to athletic play in the colleges and to student management of intercollegiate athletic competition. Rugby becomes more widely accepted by student decision makers after Harvard and Yale play a second game in 1876 (when Yale defeats Harvard in part because of better physical training and preparation). Later in 1876, students from four colleges form the Intercollegiate Football Association (IFA) and install playing rules that, with only a few exceptions, are verbatim with English rugby rules.
Fourth Year
Authors: Tamte Roger R.
Published: January 2019

American student rule makers in 1879 incrementally change their scrimmage rule, removing words that call for English rugby’s scrimmage methodology of players forcing themselves and the ball toward the opponent’s goal, thus aligning the rule with actual American practice. Princeton in 1879 uses safeties, which have no scoring significance, to hold Yale to a tie. The Yale Courant editorially calls for safeties to count in the scoring. Camp loses the election of class poet by a wide margin, but a poem he wrote is chosen in sealed competition as the class poem.
Besides Medical School
Authors: Tamte Roger R.
Published: January 2019

A magazine article by Princeton president James McCosh supports Harvard’s Eliot: college sports interfere with more important college priorities——the “enthusiasm of the college is visibly in favor, not of literature or science … but of muscle and bones.” Camp responds in a newspaper letter, contending that athletics and academic achievement can coexist and documenting with Yale student records that college athletes have significant academic achievements. Camp meets and dates Alice Sumner.
More than a Game
Authors: Tamte Roger R.
Published: January 2019

Camp has a philosophy about sports competition and broadcasts it in his Collier’s column, among other places, in an openly preachy style: compete to the limit of your ability, but whatever the outcome, in the words of a Thackeray poem, “Be each, pray God, a gentleman.” A gentleman, Camp said, enters a contest committed to do his best, does not cheat, is courteous, and never insults a loser. But the growth of American college football introduces complications for such an ideal—large numbers of spectators pressure their team to win, some of them with little regard for sportsmanship; coaches are under personal pressure to win; players are glorified in an ever more spectacular event. In an effort to control some aspects of the spectacle, the New York Thanksgiving Day game is moved to the college campus, and under the Camp-Brooks agreement Harvard and Yale agree to play their contests on campus.
Away with the Old
Authors: Tamte Roger R.
Published: January 2019

Beginning about 1907, Camp is pushed aside as advisory football coach at Yale as too old and out-of-date. He is also implicitly attacked in a muckraking exposé of college athletics in the June 1905 McClure’s, particularly an allegation of financial support for a low-income Yale player to travel to Cuba with an ill Yale trainer; the support came from student-managed accounts, but Camp is responsible for overseeing those accounts. The Yale Financial Union, which Camp manages and originated in 1892 to pool and conserve Yale’s athletic income, is also drawn into the affair, largely because of secrecy about the fund’s accumulated receipts and disbursements. An internal investigation of Yale’s athletic program is conducted at a request from the faculty, but as to Camp it produces mainly suggestions “for his consideration,” including more publicity for activities and accounts of the YFU. Following Harvard by about ten years, Yale builds a permanent concrete football stadium in 1914, a novel large bowl-like structure (the “Yale Bowl”).