bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Attention Bias in Individuals with Addictive Disorders: Systematic Review Protocol (Preprint)
Authors: Zhang Melvyn , Ying JiangBo , Song Guo , Ho Roger CM , Fung Daniel SS , Smith Helen
Published: November 2017

BACKGROUND

Globally, substance disorders, particularly that of opiate use, cannabis use, and stimulant use disorders, are highly prevalent. Psychological treatments are an integral aspect of intervention, but a proportion of individuals still relapse despite having received such an intervention. Recently, the dual-process theory proposed that the unconscious processes of attention biases are responsible for these relapses. Prior meta-analyses have reported the presence of attention bias in alcohol and tobacco use disorders. More recent research has examined attention bias and its effectiveness in opiate use, cannabis use, and stimulant use disorder. The evidence syntheses to date have not examined whether attention bias is present in these disorders and could be subjected to manipulation. This is important information and would support the introduction of psychological interventions for attention bias for such patients. Such psychological interventions would help individuals maintain their abstinence and minimize the risk of relapse.

OBJECTIVE

This paper aims to undertake a systematic review to synthesize the existing evidence for the presence of attention bias in all the disorders mentioned above, and to determine the clinical efficacy of attention bias modification.

METHODS

A systematic review will be conducted. A search will be conducted on the respective databases up till 2017. Selection of the studies will be determined by the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis guidelines. Quality assessment of the included studies will be assessed using the Cochrane Risk of Bias tool. A narrative synthesis will be conducted, with a meta-analysis considered only if there are sufficient studies for statistical analysis.

RESULTS

The results of the systematic review will be available 12 months after the publication of this protocol.

CONCLUSIONS

This review is important as it will support the introduction of psychological interventions for attention bias for such patients. Such psychological interventions would help individuals maintain their abstinence and minimize the risk of relapse.
FORMULATION DEVELOPMENT, EVALUATION AND OPTIMIZATION OF MEDICATED LIP ROUGE CONTAINING NIOSOMAL ACYCLOVIR FOR THE MANAGEMENT OF RECURRENT HERPES LABIALIS
Authors: V. Rajalakshmi S. , G. Vinaya O.
Published: November 2017

Objective: Aim of the study was to formulate, evaluate and optimize medicated Lip rouge containing acyclovir encapsulated inside a novel vesicular carrier, niosome so that the formulation can improve its membrane penetration. Formulating as a cosmetic Lip rouge formulation will also improve patient compliance in the treatment of herpes labialis.Methods: Acyclovir niosomes were prepared by thin film hydration method. Niosomes were evaluated and were optimized by considering the entrapment efficiency and in vitro release profile. The optimized niosomes were incorporated into lipstick, lip balm and lip rouge for selecting the best lip formulation. Based on the in vitro release profile, ease of application and properties of prepared formulations lip rouge was selected and further evaluations were carried out.Results: Among the six formulations of niosomes NF2 has showed 88.49 % entrapment efficiency and 86.97% cumulative drug release in 8 h. The formulation was optimized considering both entrapment efficiency and in vitro release. The optimized formulation of niosomes was incorporated into Lipstick, lip balm and lip rouge. The evaluation results of lipstick, lip balm and lip rouge for in vitro release suggested lip rouge as the best formulation. The percentage cumulative release of drug from optimized lip rouge at the end of 8 h was 84.77%. The percentage cumulative drug release in ex vivo studies for 8 h was 60.88 %.Conclusion: The results suggested that prepared lip rouge containing acyclovir niosomes can effectively deliver the drug than the marketed acyclovir cream and successful therapy of Recurrent Herpes labialis can be achieved.
TASTE ABATEMENT AND CHARACTERIZATION OF DISPERSIBLE TABLETS OF ARTEMETHER PREPARED BY HOT MELT EXTRUSION
Authors: Sonar Yogesh A. , Bele Mrudula H. , Sonar Nitin H. , Bagul Vishal S. , Shimpi Prashik S.
Published: November 2017

Objective: The aim of this study was to formulate and evaluate a taste-masked formulation using hot melt extrusion approach for artemether.Methods: Taste masking of artemether was done by preparing solid dispersion with coating polymer kollicoatsmartseal 30D using hot melt extrusion. The prepared solid dispersion was subjected to taste masking evaluation like sensory evaluation parameters against five levels set for taste evaluation using artemether as control standard along with in vitro release studies in simulated salivery fluid. After taste evaluation of solid dispersion was subjected to the formulation of dispersible tablets by direct compression method. The final taste masking evaluation of dispersible tablets of solid dispersion containing artemether were done by a sensory evaluation panel of nine members along with in vitro release study in simulated salivary and gastric fluid.Results: The percent drug content was found 35.09±0.06 % in solid dispersion. The drug excipients compatibility studies performed with the help of FTIR instrument and DSC that indicates there were no interactions between drug and polymers. Solid dispersions (1:1, 1:2, 1:3 drug polymer ratio) of artemether were evaluated by sensory evaluation panel from which 1:3 drug: polymer solid dispersion was found more palatable. Release rate study in simulated salivary fluid shown no release but shows release of drug in simulated gastric fluids which indicates that the drug was taste masked. The optimized batch of dispersible tablets (F1) were subjected for evaluation parameters like dispersion time (70±1.90), wetting time (63±1.86), etc. Dissolution studies of optimized formulation indicated that the polymer does not allow drug to release in simulated salivery pH 6.8 but shows immediate release in simulated gastric pH which also confirms taste masking efficiency of polymer. Final optimized F1 batch evaluated for taste masking evaluation by sensory evaluation panel using pure drug as control standard found to be palatable.Conclusion: It may be concluded that kollicoatsmartseal 30D could mask the taste of the drug in salivary pH and shows drug release at gastric pH which confirms its efficiency for taste masking.
FORMULATION AND EVALUATION OF POLYMERIC NANOSUSPENSION OF NARINGENIN
Authors: Sumathi R. , Tamizharasi S. , Sivakumar T.
Published: November 2017

Objective: The objective of this study was to formulate and evaluate the poorly soluble drug, naringenin (NAR) into nanosuspension to increase the solubility and enhance the dissolution rate and then improve its bioavailability.Methods: Nanosuspenion of naringenin (NARNS) was prepared using high-pressure homogenization method using Soya lecithin, Polaxamer-407, Polaxamer-188, Hydroxypropyl methyl cellulose (HPMC) and Tween-80. Ten formulations were prepared to show the effect of stabilizer and its ratio. D-α-Tocopheryl polyethene glycol succinate 1000 (TPGS) was added as a co-stabilizer. All these formulations were evaluated for their particle size, PDI, zeta potential, FT-IR study, drug content, saturation solubility studies, entrapment efficiency, in vitro permeability and in vitro drug release. The formulation was further evaluated for scanning electron microscope (SEM), differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) and Powder X-ray diffraction (P-XRD) and hemocompatibility assessment.Results: All the prepared formulations were in the nano size. The optimum concentration of the stabilizer was in the formulation was found 1:1.5:1 (drug: stabilizer: co-stabilizer ratio). Dramatic effect of the particle size reduction was found by the addition of the co-stabilizer (TPGS) in formulation N2 that has P. S 80.52±0.13 nm. The solubility and dissolution of NAR in the form of NARNS were significantly higher than those of pure NAR. SEM report shows that naringenin nanosuspension revealed a smooth texture. P-XRD crystallography diffraction and DSC studies indicated that the crystalline state of NAR was converted into amorphous nature. The safety evaluation showed that NARNS provided a lower rate of erythrocyte hemolysis. Conclusion: In this study, (NARNS) was successfully carried out by high-pressure homogenization technique and characterized. The physio-chemical characterization shown that crystalline naringenin was converted to a polymorphic form (DSC and P-XRD Study) which evidenced by enhanced dissolution rate in comparisons of the formulation with (NAR) pure drug. The NARNS has shown 7.5±0.4 fold increased relative bioavailability when compared to the NAR. The increased drug dissolution rate may have a significant impact in absorption which in turn the improved oral bioavailability of naringenin. Thus, this delivery system may prefer to improve the dissolution of poorly soluble drugs like NAR and thus enhanced oral bioavailability. The safety evaluation showed that nanoformulation (NF2) shows a lower rate of erythrocyte hemolysis. These findings suggest that the selected formulation may represent a promising new drug formulation for intravenous administration in the treatment of certain cancers.
DEVELOPMENT AND VALIDATION OF UV SPECTROPHOTOMETRIC METHOD FOR QUANTITATIVE ESTIMATION OF LAFUTIDINE IN BULK AND PHARMACEUTICAL DOSAGE FORM
Authors: Kumar Ritesh , Chandra Amrish , Gupta Swati , Gautam Pawan Kumar
Published: November 2017

Objective: The objectives of the present research was to develop a simple, precise, economical, accurate, reproducible and sensitive method for the quantitative estimation of lafutidine in bulk and its pharmaceutical dosage forms by Ultra Violet (UV) absorption spectrophotometry.Methods: The method uses 0.1 N HCl, pH 1.20 as a solvent of choice for the quantitative estimation of lafutidine in bulk and its tablets dosage form by UV absorption spectrophotometry at a wavelength of 290 nm. The method was validated for parameters like linearity, range, precision, Limit of Detection (LOD), Limit of Quantification (LOQ), accuracy, recovery and stability of the analyte.Results: Lafutidine exhibited absorbance maxima at 290 nm in 0.1 N HCl, pH 1.20 solvent. The developed method was validated as per the ICH validation guidelines. Beer’s law was obeyed in range of 0-30 µg/ml with r2= 0.9997. The LOD and LOQ values of lafutidine were found to be 0.545 µg/ml and 1.654 µg/ml respectively. The mean % recovery for the developed method was found to be in the range of 99.25 to 99.45 % respectively for the marketed dosage forms. The developed method was also found to be robust.Conclusion: The developed method was found suitable for the routine quantitative analysis of lafutidinein bulk and pharmaceutical dosage form. It was also concluded that developed UV spectrophotometry method was accurate, precise, linear, reproducible, robust and sensitive.
DEVELOPMENT AND EVALUATION OF TRANSDERMAL FILM CONTAINING SOLID LIPID NANOPARTICLES OF RIVASTIGMINE TARTRATE
Authors: Ravi G. , Gupta N. Vishal
Published: November 2017

Objective: The objective of present investigation was to develop rivastigmine tartrate transdermal film employing factorial design.Methods: The formulations were designed by Design-Expert software-version10. A series of films were prepared by solvent casting method using polymers, plasticizer, permeation enhancer and other solvents. Transdermal films were evaluated for flatness, drug content, tensile strength, in vitro drug release and ex vivo skin permeation study.Results: The flatness was found 100% (percentage) for all film formulations. The drug content of transdermal film was found in the range of 96.51±0.2 to 98.81±0.3%. The tensile strength of transdermal film was found in the range of 6.28±0.06 to 11.56±0.03 N/mm2 (newton/millimeter2) and in vitro drug release at 24th h (hour) was found in the range of 86.24±0.25 to 96.1±0.48%% for various formulations and ex vivo skin permeation study results at 24th h was found in the range of 85.83±0.74 to 97.36±0.93%.Conclusion: These results support the feasibility of developing transdermal film of rivastigmine tartrate for human applications. Thus, transdermal delivery of rivastigmine tartrate film is a safe, painless and cost effective drug delivery system for Alzheimer’s patients.
NANO-VESICLES OF SALBUTAMOL SULPHATE IN METERED DOSE INHALERS: FORMULATION, CHARACTERIZATION AND IN VITRO EVALUATION
Authors: Arafa Mona G. , Ayoub Bassam M.
Published: November 2017

Objective: The present work was aimed to prepare niosomes entrapping salbutamol sulphate (SS) using reversed phase evaporation method (REV).Methods: Niosomes were prepared by mixing span 60 and cholesterol in 1:1 molar ratio in chloroform, SS in water was then added to organic phase to form niosomal SS. Formulations after evaporation of chloroform, freeze centrifuged then lyophilized, were evaluated for particles size, polydispersity index (Pdi), zeta-potential, morphology, entrapment efficiency (EE%) and in vitro release. For pulmonary delivery; metered dose inhalers (MDI) were prepared by suspending SS niosomes equivalent to 20 mg SS in hydrofluoroalkane (HFA). The metered valve was investigated for leakage rate, the total number of puffs/canister, weight/puff, dose uniformity and particle size.Results: The results showed spherical niosomes with 400-451 nm particles that entrapped 66.19% of SS. 76.54±0.132% SS release from niosomes that showed a controlled release profile for 8h. The leakage test was not exceeding 4 mg/3 d, the number of puffs were up to 200puffs/canister, the dose delivered/puff was 0.1 mg and 0.64-4.51μm niosomal aerosol.Conclusion: The results indicate an encouraging strategy to formulate a controlled drug delivery by entrapping (SS) in niosomes which could be packaged into (MDI) that met the requirements of (USP) aerosols guidelines which offering a novel approach to respiratory delivery.
ENZYMOSOMES: A RISING EFFECTUAL TOOL FOR TARGETED DRUG DELIVERY SYSTEM
Authors: S. Shefrin , S. Sreelaxmi C. , Vijayan Vishnu , Nair Sreeja C.
Published: November 2017

The study aims to develop enzymosomes as an emerging novel drug delivery system for site-specific action. Enzymosomes utilises the specific nature of an enzyme, which is binding to a specific substrate at a controlled rate and catalysing product production step. An enzyme is encapsulated by coupling covalently to the surface of liposomes/lipid vesicles to form enzymosomes. Enzymes links through acylation, direct conjugation, physical adsorption, encapsulation methods to prepare enzymosomes with targeted action. Such novel drug delivery systems prove effective drug release and concomitantly reduces undesirable side effects of conventional treatment methods and hence showcase improvement in the long-term therapy of the disease. They are a promising substitute to conventional treatment therapies of gout, antiplatelet activities etc. Enzymosomes are newly designed supramolecular vesicular delivery systems to be useful as a tool in pharmaceutics for the raising of drug targeting and physicochemical properties and hence bioavailability. It shows beneficial effects of drugs with a narrow precision because targeting of these drugs to their site of action improves the drugs overall pharmacodynamics and pharmacokinetic profile. It also minimizes alterations in the normal enzymatic activity, thus enhancing half-life and achieve enzyme activity on targeted sites such as cancerous cells.
CuO NANOPARTICLES: SYNTHESIS, CHARACTERIZATION AND THEIR BACTERICIDAL EFFICACY
Authors: D Manyasree , Peddi Kiran Mayi , R Ravikumar
Published: November 2017

Objective: In the present study copper oxide (CuO) nanoparticles were synthesized and characterized. The antibacterial activity of CuO nanoparticles was carried out against Escherichia coli, Proteus vulgaris, Staphylococcus aureus and Streptococcus mutans.Methods: The synthesis was carried out by coprecipitation method using copper sulfate and sodium hydroxide as precursors. The synthesized copper oxide nanoparticles were characterized by using X-ray diffraction (XRD), Fourier transforms infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR), UV-vis spectroscopy and scanning electron microscope (SEM) with Energy Dispersive X-ray Analysis (EDX) techniques. Besides, this study determines the antibacterial activity and minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) of CuO nanoparticles against gram-positive (Staphylococcus aureus and Streptococcus mutans) and gram-negative (E. coli and Proteus vulgaris) bacteria.Results: The average crystallite size of CuO nanoparticles was found to be 19 nm by X-ray diffraction. FT-IR spectrum exhibited vibrational modes at 432 cm-1, 511 cm-1 and 611 cm-1were assigned for Cu-O stretching vibration. According to UV-Vis spectrum, two bands were observed at 402 nm and 422 nm. ED’s spectrum shows only elemental copper (Cu) and oxide (O) and no other elemental impurity was observed. The antimicrobial assay revealed that Proteus vulgaris showed a maximum zone of inhibition (37 mm) at 50 mg/ml concentration of CuO nanoparticles.Conclusion: In conclusion, copper oxide is a good antibacterial agent against both gram positive and gram-negative organisms.
MU-OPIOID RECEPTOR ANTAGONISTS AND THEIR ROLE IN TREATMENT OF CHRONIC CONSTIPATION
Authors: Kareem Ozaifa , Nisar Nasir , Tabassum Nahida
Published: November 2017

Constipation disproportionately affects older adults, with a prevalence of 50% in community-dwelling elderly and 74% in nursing-home residents. Loss of mobility, medications, underlying diseases, impaired anorectic sensation, and ignoring calls to defecate are as important as dyssynergic defecation or irritable bowel syndrome in causing constipation. Opioid antagonists not only have well-established indications in the reversal of life-threatening opioid toxicity but also hold considerable promise for other applications in palliative care practice, particularly management of opioid-induced constipation (OIC). This review summarizes the pharmacology of new peripherally acting mu (µ) opioid receptor antagonists (PAMORA).
Cultura: a dádiva da sociedade
Authors: Vianna Lopes Júlio Aurélio
Published: November 2017

O texto retoma a discussão conceitual sobre o fenômeno cultural, através dos conceitos genérico, hierárquico e diferencial de cultura, para propor um conceito baseado no "Ensaio sobre a dádiva" de Marcel Mauss. Concebida como dádiva entre grupos e seus membros, a cultura confluiria os três conceitos clássicos e seria pertinente às formulações contemporâneas de politicas, direitos e diversidade cultural.
The connections of Savina Monastery with Russia in the XVIII century and their influence in Boka Kotorska
Authors: Matic Marina
Published: November 2017

The connections of the Savina Monastery in Boka Kotorska with Russia in the
XVIII century were intensive and deep. They contained the concept of Russia
as the patron of Orthodox people under foreign dominion. Inspired by Russia,
the Savina Monastery fraternity had an important role in social and
political events in the area of Boka Kotorska. These relations influenced
the local community in Boka Kotorska through a growing awareness of the
necessity of liberation from foreign dominion, migrations of people to
Russia, as well as through religious and cultural novelties brought by
Russian literature and artistic design motifs, which were used and applied
in the local community. The central point of unification of all these
influences was the Savina Monastery, where the Great Church was raised
mainly due to Russian donations.
Mile Savic as an interpreter of the recent south Slavic past
Authors: Radojicic Mirjana
Published: November 2017

The subject of this paper is the interpretation of the recent South Slavic
past given in the works of Mile Savic, a Serbian philosopher and social
theorist, who recently passed away. The wars for territorial heritage of the
former Yugoslavia, the aggression of the NATO alliance on the Federal
Republic of Yugoslavia, the project of Euro-Atlantic integration of Serbia -
are just some of the most significant thematic points of that interpretation.
By providing an exhaustive analysis of Savic?s attitudes to these and kindred
phenomena of the recent political and social history of the region, the
author concludes that, in a large mosaic of knowledge of a ?time rich in
misfortunes? (Tacitus), the piece attributed to it by this Serbian
philosopher, who left the intellectual and life stage too early, will be, by
all means, among the most significant and precious ones.
The Association of Severe Hypoglycemia With Incident Cardiovascular Events and Mortality in Adults With Type 2 Diabetes
Authors: Lee Alexandra K. , Warren Bethany , Lee Clare J. , McEvoy John W. , Matsushita Kunihiro , Huang Elbert S. , Sharrett A. Richey , Coresh Josef , Selvin Elizabeth
Published: November 2017

OBJECTIVE

There is suggestive evidence linking hypoglycemia with cardiovascular disease, but few data have been collected in a community-based setting. Information is lacking on individual cardiovascular outcomes and cause-specific mortality.

RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS

We conducted a prospective cohort analysis of 1,209 participants with diagnosed diabetes from the Atherosclerosis Risk in Communities (ARIC) study (analytic baseline, 1996–1998). Severe hypoglycemic episodes were identified using first position ICD-9 codes from hospitalizations, emergency department visits, and ambulance calls through 2013. Cardiovascular events and deaths were captured through 2013. We used adjusted Cox regression models with hypoglycemia as a time-varying exposure.

RESULTS

There were 195 participants with at least one severe hypoglycemic episode during a median fellow-up of 15.3 years. After severe hypoglycemia, the 3-year cumulative incidence of coronary heart disease was 10.8% and of mortality was 28.3%. After adjustment, severe hypoglycemia was associated with coronary heart disease (hazard ratio [HR] 2.02, 95% CI 1.27–3.20), all-cause mortality (HR 1.73, 95% CI 1.38–2.17), cardiovascular mortality (HR 1.64, 95% CI 1.15–2.34), and cancer mortality (HR 2.49, 95% CI 1.46–4.24). Hypoglycemia was not associated with stroke, heart failure, atrial fibrillation, or noncardiovascular and noncancer death. Results were robust within subgroups defined by age, sex, race, diabetes duration, and baseline cardiovascular risk.

CONCLUSIONS

Severe hypoglycemia is clearly indicative of declining health and is a potent marker of high absolute risk of cardiovascular events and mortality.
PENGARUH PENGGUNAAN MODEL COOPERATIVE LEARNING TIPE PICTURE AND PICTURE TERHADAP HASIL BELAJAR MEDIA PEMBELAJARAN MAHAMAHASISWA SEMESTER IV PENDIDIKAN EKONOMI TAHUN AKADEMIK 2014/2015
Authors: Wakijo Wakijo
Published: November 2017

AbstrakTujuan dalam penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui pengaruh penggunaan model cooperative learning tipe picture and picture terhadap hasil belajar Media Pembelajaran semester genap pada Pendidikan Ekonomi  tahun akademik 2014/2015. Berdasarkan penelitian ini metode eksperimen menggunakan bentuk quasi experimental design nonequivalent control group design. Analisis data menunjukkan hasil belajar Media Pembelajaran mengalami peningkatan 14,81%, dilihat dari perbandingan evaluasi pretes 66,67% sedangkan mahasiswa yang mencapai kriteria ketuntasan  minimal pada evaluasi posttes adalah 81,48%. Berdasarkan hasil penelitian tersebut maka hipotesis dapat diterima sebab thitung (thit) = 27,4 lebih besar daripada ttabel (ttab) = 1,71 dan 2,48. Dengan demikian menunjukkan bahwa ada pengaruh yang positif Penggunaan Model Cooperative Learning tipe Picture And Picture Terhadap Hasil Belajar Media Pembelajaran mahasiswa I Semester IV Pendidikan Ekonomi Tahun Akademik 2014/2015.
ANALISIS FAKTOR-FAKTOR YANG MEMPENGARUHI LOYALITAS PELANGGAN DAN DAMPAKNYA TERHADAP KEUNGGULAN BERSAING (STUDI PADA BMT AMANAH UMMAH SUKOHARJO)
Authors: Pritandhari Meyta
Published: November 2017

Abstrak Baitul Maal Wat Tamwil merupakan salah satu model lembaga keuangan syariah yang saat ini banyak muncul di Indonesia. BMT Amanah Ummah memiliki 9.142 anggota dan 45 % anggotanya tidak loyal kepada BMT. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui faktor-faktor yang mempengaruhi loyalitas pelanggan dan dampaknya terhadap keunggulan bersaing.Penelitian ini menggunakan metode penelitian deskriptif dengan pendekatan analisis kualitatif dengan model analisis interaktif. Teknik sampling yang digunakan adalan insidental sampling untuk anggota BMT dan purposive sampling  untuk  pimpinan, manajer dan  marketing.  Teknik  pengumpulan  data yang digunakan yaitu wawancara, observasi dan dokumentasi.Hasil penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa dari beberapa faktor yang mempengaruhi loyalitas pelanggan yaitu reputasi merek, kepuasan angggota, kualitas pelayanan, kualitas pelayanan berpengaruh positif terhadap kepuasan anggota, dan kualitas pelayanan. Dari beberapa faktor tersebut faktor kualitas pelayanan yang paling dominan dalam mempengaruhi loyalitas anggota.Dampak loyalitas terhadap keunggulan bersaing dapat dilihat dari seberapa banyak anggota BMT yang tidak pindah ke lembaga keuangan lain. Semakin bagus kualitas pelayanan maka semakin tinggi tingkat loyalitas dan keunggulan bersaing antar lembaga keuangan juga semakin tinggi.
UPAYA GURU DALAM MENINGKATKAN MOTIVASI BELAJAR SISWA
Authors: Suprihatin Siti
Published: November 2017

AbstrakGuru bagi masyarakat awan selama ini dipahami sebagai orang yang pekerjaannya mengajar.+Pergeseran pengertian guru dari orang yang pekerjaannya mengajar menjadi pendidik profesional, tetapi bagi sebagian orang mungkin tidak begitu dimasalahkan. Guru memiliki pengaruh yang luar biasa bagi arah pengembangan pendidikan di Indonesia pergeseran pemahaman terhadap guru dari mengajar menjadi pendidik sudah menjadi keputusan hukum di Indonesia yang telah disahkan baik aturan tentang Guru dan Dosen. Hukum memberikan penjelasan guru sebagai pendidik profesional ketimbang sebagai orang yang pekerjaannya mengajar dengan kemampuan tenaga professional. Siswa akan terdorong untuk belajar manakala mereka memiliki motivasi untuk belajar. 1) Kuatnya kemauan untuk berbuat, 2) Jumlah waktu yang disediakan untuk belajar, 3) Kerelaan meninggalkan kewajiban atau tugas yang lain, 4) Ketekunan dalam mengerjakan tugas.Menumbuhkan motivasi belajar siswa merupakan salah satu teknik dalam mengembangkan kemampuan dan kemauan belajar. Salah satu cara yang logis untuk momotivasi siswa dalam pembelajaran adalah mengaitkan pengalaman belajar dengan motivasi siswa. Guru sebagai orang yang membelajarkan siswa sangat berkepentingan dengan masalah ini. Sehingga sebagai guru atau calon guru sebisa mungkin kita harus selalu berupaya untuk dapat meningkatkan motivasi belajar terutama bagi siswa yang mengalami kesulitan dalam belajar dengan menggunakan berbagai upaya yang dapat dilakukan oleh guru yaitu 1) Memperjelas tujuan yang ingin dicapai. 2) Membangkitkan motivasi siswa. 3) Ciptakan suasana yang menyenangkan dalam belajar. 4) Mengguanakan variasi metode penyajian yang menarik. 5) Berilah pujian yang wajar setiap keberhasilan siswa. 6) Berikan penilaian. 7) Berilah komentar terhadap hasil pekerjaan siswa. 8) Ciptakan persaingan dan kerjasama.
PENERAPAN LESSON STUDY DALAM MENINGKATKAN KOMPETENSI PEDAGOGI GURU SMA BINA MULYA GADINGREJO TAHUN PELAJARAN 2015/2016
Authors: Supranoto Heri
Published: November 2017

Guru merupakan salah satu ujung tombak keberhasilan tujuan dari pendidikan. Guru merupakan komponen paling menentukan dalam sistem pendidikan secara keseluruhan yang harus mendapat perhatian sentral, pertama dan utama. Figur yang satu ini akan senantiasa menjadi sorotan strategis ketika berbicara masalah pendidikan, karena guru selalu terkait dengan komponen manapun dalam sistem pendidikan. Guru memegang peran utama dalam pembangunan pendidikan, khususnya yang diselenggarakan secara formal di sekolah.Lesson Study diartikan sebagai suatu model pembinaan profesi pendidik melalui pengkajian pembelajaran secara kolaboratif dan berkelanjutan, berdasarkan prinsip-prinsip kolegialitas yang saling membantu dalam pembelajaran untuk membangun komunitas belajar. Adapun tujuan utama dari  penggunaan metode Lesson Study adalah kegiatan perbaikan guru dalam melakukan proses pembelajaran di kelas. Hal ini susuai dengan pendapat Astika  (2013: 04), yang mengatakan bahwa: Lesson Study mendukung terjadinya peningkatan kemampuan profesionalisme guru, khususnya kompetensi pedagogi dan kompetensi profesional. Teknik pengajaran yang dilakukan dengan berbagai ketrampilan bertujuan untuk menciptakan situasi dalam proses belajar mengajar, yakni dapat menyenangkan dan mendukung terciptanya prestasi belajar siswa yang memuaskan. Dengan adanya proses pembelajaran berbasis Lesson Study, diharapkan guru akan mengetahui kelamahan-kelamahan yang selama ini dilakukan saat dikelas dan berusaha memperbaikinya dipertemuan berikutnya melalui pengamatan yang dilakukan oleh guru lain. Kata Kunci: Lesson Study dan Kompetensi Pedagogi Guru
IMPLEMENTASI LESSON STUDY PADA METODE AKTIF TIPE QUIS TEAM TERHADAP PENGEMBANGAN KARAKTER MAHASISWA MATA KULIAH AKUNTANSI II UNIVERSITAS MUAHAMMADIYAH METRO TAHUN AJARAN 2015/2016
Authors: Wakijo Wakijo
Published: November 2017

Keterlambatan saat perkuliahan, pengumpulan tugas bahkan saat Quis dan ketidakjujuran dalam mengerjakan Quis sering dilakukan oleh mahasiswa, ketidakjujuran dengan menggunakan tehnologi juga ditemukan , misalnya memotret hasil ujian yang kemudian  dikirimkan  kepada teman lain.  Oleh karena itu perlu dilakukan  penelitian yang bertujuan untuk mengembangkan karakter  jujur, disiplin, bersahabat, mandiri dan kerja keras.Penelitian ini menggunakan penelitian tindakan kelas (PTK) dengan mengimplementasikan lesson study  dengan  Metode Aktif Tipe Quis Team, yang dilaksnakan dengan 2 siklus dan melalui 4 tahapan yaitu perencanaan, pelaksanaan, pengamatan dan refleksi. Subyek penelitian adalah mahasiswa  Pendidikan Ekonomi semester IV Tahun Akademik 2014/2015. Data penelitian  diperoleh dari lembar observasi, dokumentasi  photo. Data penelitian ini di ambil dari  proses pelaksanaan perkuliahan. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa karakter jujur, disiplin, bersahabat, mandiri dan kerja keras. Karakter jujur ditandai  dengan            jumlah mahasiswa yang mengemukakan pendapat sesuai dengan yang diyakininya sebesar76,45,Tidak mencontek  dalam mengerjakan tugas sebesar 75,7%,  menyelesaikan  tugas sesuai dengan aturan yang diberikan pada siklus I  sebesar 72,9%  dan meningkat pada siklus II menjadi  83,1%, 77,0%, 75,7%; dan mahasiswa yang berkarakter  disiplin:  Tertib dalam mengerjakan tugas  sebesar 75%;  mentaati  aturan berbicara yang ditentukan  dalam sebuah diskusi kelas sebesar 75%;  meningkat pada siklus II sebesar  76,4% dan 77,0%. Mahasiswa yang berkarakter  bersahabat: bekerjasama dalam tim 77%;   Memberikan pendapat dalam kerja tim 74,3% meningkat pada siklus II menjadi 77,7% dan 75,7%; mahasiswa yang berkarakter mandiri: Menyelesaikan sendiri tugas yang menjadi tanggung jawabnya dengan skor 73,6%  pada siklus II meningkat menjadi 75,7%. Mahasiswa yang berkarakter kerja keras: Tidak putus asa dalam menghadapi kesulitan belajar dengan skor 72,3%, Berusaha untuk mencari informasi tentang  materi dari berbagai sumber skor 83,8%; Menggunakan waktu secara efektif  untuk menyelesaikan tugas-tugas  dengan skor 73,6% pada siklus II naik menjadi 75,7%; 85,1% dan 77,7%Kata Kunci : Lesson Study,  Metode Aktif Tipe Quis Team, Karakter
PEMANFAATAN KOMIK STRIP SEBAGAI MEDIA PEMBELAJARAN MAHASISWA PENDIDIKAN EKONOMI UM METRO
Authors: Ratnawuri Triani
Published: November 2017

Perkembangan ilmu pengetahuan dan teknologi semakin mendorong pemanfaatan hasil-hasil teknologi dalam kegiatan pembelajaran. Salah satunya adalah pemanfaatan media pembelajaran sebagai sarana penunjang kegiatan pembelajaran guna tercapainya tujuan pembelajaran secara optimal. Berdasarkan fenomena yang terdapat pada mahasiswa pendidikan ekonomi untuk mata kuliah manajemen keuangan yang hasil belajarnya belum optimal, maka diperlukan pemanfaatan media pembelajaran berupa media komik strip. Komik strip dimanfaatkan sebagai media pembelajaran karena diduga sesuai untuk menggambarkan materi pembelajaran agar dapat membantu memudahkan pemahaman mahasiswa. Pendekatan penelitian ini adalah penelitian kuantitatif metode eksperimen, dengan desain eksperimen semu atau quasi eksperimental design bentuk nonequivalent   control   group   design. Teknik pengumpulan data yang digunakan adalah observasi, dokumentasi, angket, dan tes. Teknik yang digunakan untuk menganalisis data adalah  t-test dua sampel independen. Pemanfaatan media komik strip mempengaruhi hasil belajar ditunjukkan dengan nilai signifikansi uji t adalah 0,000. Nilai signifikansi tersebut kurang dari 0,05 yang berarti bahwa H1 tidak ditolak serta nilai t hitung adalah sebesar 5,508 > dari t tabel yaitu sebesar 1,99. Sehingga pemanfaatan komik strip sebagai media pembelajaran memiliki pengaruh yang signifikan terhadap hasil belajar.
IMPLEMENTASI PENDEKATAN CONTEXTUAL TEACHING AND LEARNING (CTL) TERHADAP KEMAMPUAN BERPIKIR KRITIS SISWA
Authors: Wakijo Wakijo , Suprihatin Siti
Published: November 2017

Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian Quasi eksperimen dengan menggunakan pendekatan kuantitatif karena peneliti tidak merubah keadaan kelompok awal sampel. Desain penelitian dalam ini yaitu “the nonequivalent posttest-only control group design”. Penelitian ini dilaksanakan di Sekolah Menengah Pertama (SMP) Tulang Bawang Barat Provinsi Lampung. Populasi dalam penelitian ini adalah seluruh siswa kelas VIII di SMP Tulang Bawang Barat. Pendekatan Contextual Teaching and Learning (CTL) merupakan konsep belajar yang membantu guru mengaitkan antara materi yang diajarkan dengan situasi dunia nyata siswa, dan mendorong siswa membuat hubungan antara pengetahuan yang dimilikinya dengan penerapannya dalam kehidupan mereka sehari-hari. Berpikir kritis merupakan kemampuan untuk memahami masalah, menyeleksi informasi yang penting untuk menyelasaikan masalah, memahami asumsi-asumsi, merumuskan dan menyelasaikan hipotesis yang relevan, serta menarik kesimpulan yang valid dan menentukan kevalidan dari kesimpulan-kesimpulan. Berdasarkan peneliitian yang telah dilakukan dan berdasarkan hasil uji perbedaan rataan postes kelas eksperimen dan kelas kontrol tersebut diketahui bahwa nilai Sig. (2-tailed) yaitu 0,038 lebih kecil dari nilai α = 0,05, sehingga H0 ditolak. Hasil ini berarti kedua kelas memiliki kemampuan berpikir kritis yang berbeda secara signifikan. Kemampuan berpikir kritis siswa yang mendapat pembelajaran pendekatan Contextual Teaching and Learning (CTL)  lebih tinggi  dari pada siswa yang mendapat pembelajaran konvensional. Sehingga dapat disimpulkan bahwa terdapat pengaruh pendekatan Contextual Teaching and Learning (CTL) terhadap berpikir kritis siswa pada mata pelajaran ekonomi.
PENGARUH PENGGUNAAN METODE DRILL TERHADAP HASIL BELAJAR AKUNTANSI KELAS X SEMESTER GENAP SMK NEGERI 1 METRO TAHUN PELAJARAN 2015/2016
Authors: Sari Noviyana , Maryatun Maryatun
Published: November 2017

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui pengaruh penggunaan Metode DRill terhadap hasil belajar Akuntansi. Metode penelitian yang digunakan adalah quasi eksperimental design berbentuk noneqiuvalent control group design. Dari analisis data menunjukkan hasil belajar Akuntansi mengalami peningkatan 40% dilihat dari perbandingan evaluasi pretest dan evaluasi posttest, yaitu peserta didik yang mencapai kriteria ketuntasan minimal pada evaluasi pretest adalah 30%, sedangkan peserta didik yang mencapai kriteria ketuntasan minimal pada evaluasi posttest adalah 70%. Berdasarkan hasil penelitian tersebut maka hipotesis dapat diterima sebab thitung (thit) = 13.08 lebih besar daripada ttabel (ttab) = 1.70 dan 2.47. Dengan demikian menunjukkan bahwa “ada pengaruh yang positif penggunaan Metode Drill terhadap hasil belajar Akuntansi kelas X semester genap SMK Negeri 1 Metro tahun pelajaran 2015/2016.”
PENGARUH PENERAPAN SALURAN DISTRIBUSI TERHADAP TINGKAT PENDAPATAN PADA PENGUSAHA KRIPIK PISANG DIKOTA METRO TAHUN 2016
Authors: Tri Aryanti Tri Aryanti , Maryatun Maryatun
Published: November 2017

Marketing is an essential activity in the company. Marketing is a system in the whole of the business activities shown to plan, price, promote, and distribute goods and services that satisfy the needs, both of the existing buyers and the potential buyers. The purpose of this research is: "to know the effect of distribution line towards income level of banana chips entrepreneurat Metro City in 2016". While the hypothesis in this study is: "There is a positive influence of the application of distribution line towards income level of banana chips entrepreneurat Metro City in 2016". Calculation analysis of t_count and t_tabel above mentioned means that t_count> t_table. And t_tables can be viewed in the G list. At a significant level of 5% ie 35.9> 1.73 and a significant level of 1% that is 35.9> 2.55. Thus the hypothesis reads "there is a positive influence of the effect of distribution line towards income level of banana chips entrepreneurat Metro City in 2016". Keywords: Distribution line, Income level.
PENGGARUH MODEL PEMBELAJARAN JIGSAW TERHADAP HASIL BELAJAR STUDI MASYARAKAT INDONESIA MAHASISWA
Authors: Suprihatin Siti
Published: November 2017

The aims of the study is to determine the effect of jigsaw learning model on the learning outcomes of the Indonesian society study at the second semester of the economy education in the academic year of 2016/2017.  The population in this study were 47 students consisting of 2 classes, A class and B class. The sample in this study is A class of 26 students and B class of 21 students. Sampling technique in this research is using Pusposive Sampling with certain consideration reason. Based on the results of simple linear regression analysis conducted by the researchers obtained the results at the level of significance α = 0.05 yield tcount = 8.97 and ttable = 2.020 which means thitung> ttable so H0 rejected and H1 accepted, thus it can be concluded that there is significant influence of jigsaw learning model on the learning outcomes of the Indonesian society study at the second semester of the economy education in the academic year of 2016/2017. Keywords: Learning Outcomes, Jigsaw, Learning Model
ANALYSIS OF THE PRACTICE OF CORRUPTION IN ELECTRONIC PROCUREMENT SERVICE SYSTEM IN THE KEPULAUAN RIAU PROVINCE
Authors: Setyadiharja Rendra , Nurmandi Achmad , Suyito Suyito
Published: November 2017

Procurement of goods and services in Indonesia has carried out a number of reforms, ranging from conventional forms filled with indications of bribery and corrupt, now converted into a system of procurement of goods and services electronically with Electronic Procurement Service Systems(LPSE).Expectations the central government and local government is to minimize the occurrence of graft, a fictitious project, mark up or transactional in the procurement of goods and services, but also LPSE system has never been separated from the threat of any indication of corruption in the procurement of goods and services. The purpose of this research was to uncover a number of corrupt practices that occur on the LPSE system in Kepulauan Riau Province. The method used was the exploratory qualitative approach. Data collection method used is by interview (indebt interview). The results of this research are descriptions of cases of corruption in the LPSE system in Kepulauan Riau Province, and the mode of operation corruption practices that occur in the LPSE system in Kepulauan Riau province.
Problemas Ambientais Relacionados aos Estrogênios Miméticos: Perda de Fertilidade, Câncer e Outros Riscos a Saúde Humana Como Resultado dos Produtos Da Sociedade de Consumo
Authors: Schlindwein Marcelo Nivert
Published: November 2017

Vários produtos químicos sintéticos são utilizados em larga escala em nossa sociedade de consumo e estão sobre forte investigação quanto a seus efeitos sobre os seres humanos e a fauna. Muitos programas de pesquisa mostram que a extensão deste impacto pode estar levando a drásticas alterações hormonais nas populações humanas, uma diminuição significativa da fertilidade masculina e o aumento da ocorrência de vários tipos de câncer. Apesar da abrangência destes estudos, poucas informações estão disponíveis sobre o tema, mesmo para estudantes de Ciências Biológicas ou de Saúde. O texto, em forma de ensaio, surgiu como material de apoio didático nas aulas ministradas pelo autor transformado em uma síntese explicativa. Além disso, o objetivo principal é instigar o leitor a procurar mais leituras e questionamentos sobre este importante tema.
Cenários de Contaminação da Água Subterrânea por Atividades Agrícolas
Authors: Ribeiro Maria Lúcia , Lourencetti Carolina , Teixeira Denilson
Published: November 2017

As águas subterrâneas são utilizadas em muitos países como água potável e vem apresentando acréscimo no seu consumo devido à boa qualidade e baixo custo de tratamento comparado ao da água superficial. Por estarem localizadas em reservatórios que apresentam, em alguns casos, vulnerabilidade natural à contaminação, as mesmas podem apresentar sua qualidade alterada devido ao uso inadequado do solo. A atividade agrícola é umas das atividades que podem ocasionar prejuízos à qualidade dessas águas. Esse fato pode ser observado pela ocorrência de contaminantes inorgânicos e orgânicos em amostras de águas subterrâneas de diversos países. Medidas preventivas devem ser tomadas com o objetivo de minimizar e até mesmo eliminar esse risco de contaminação. Esse trabalho apresenta uma revisão dos principais cenários referentes à contaminação e proteção das águas subterrâneas, discutindo particularmente os potenciais contaminantes gerados pelas atividades agrícolas.
Projeto Pedagógico
Authors: Silva Inayá Bittencourt e
Published: November 2017

Este ensaio apresenta uma reflexão a respeito da elaboração de um Projeto Pedagógico. Ressalta a importância do projeto como um instrumento que possibilita trazer uma contribuição para as mudanças reclamadas pela sociedade e que devem ser realizadas pela educação; salienta a necessidade de que o mesmo se oriente pelo princípio de democratização do ensino e em conseqüência da educação.
Alfabetizar para Incluir
Authors: Oliveira Walterléia Duarte de , Monteiro Dirce Charara
Published: November 2017

O objetivo desta pesquisa foi identificar alguns fatores que nos auxiliassem a entender as dificuldades de algumas crianças no processo de alfabetização. Os sujeitos desta pesquisa foram alunos cursando a etapa final do primeiro ciclo em escolas da rede pública, mas ainda não alfabetizados. Os procedimentos metodológicos foram: busca de fundamentos gerais sobre alfabetização e sobre a metodologia fônica; diagnóstico do estágio de alfabetização dos sujeitos envolvidos; proposta de intervenção baseada no método fônico, implementado com atividades lúdicas e textos de literatura infantil; investigação de outros fatores, além do metodológico, que pudessem interferir no processo de alfabetização; registro do resultado das atividades aplicadas em caderno de campo. Dentre os resultados, além da obtenção de alguns fundamentos sobre o processo de alfabetização e suas dificuldades e da determinação dos estágios do processo de alfabetização dos participantes, foram identificados alguns fatores que podem constituir obstáculos no processo de alfabetização: a) presença de indisciplina, relacionada em parte à falta de envolvimento em algumas das atividades propostas; b) baixa auto-estima, gerando necessidade de reforço constante nas ações desenvolvidas; c) freqüência irregular, comprometendo o aspecto pedagógico; d) problemas de saúde; e) não valorização da leitura e da escrita no seu contexto familiar, entre outros. O aumento da freqüência dos alunos na segunda etapa do projeto é um indicador de maior interesse pelas atividades desenvolvidas, mais diversificadas e individualizadas, observando o ritmo de cada um e, portanto, mais motivadoras.
Breve Análise de Periódicos da Área de Ciências da Informação sobre as Teorias de Identidade e Representações Sociais
Authors: Alves Ana Paula Meneses , Ogata Márcia Niituma , Pedro Wilson José Alves
Published: November 2017

Partindo da visão interdisciplinar do campo denominado Ciência, Tecnologia e Sociedade (CTS), objetivamos apreender as abordagens sobre as teorias de Identidade e Representações Sociais na área de Ciência da Informação, por meio da análise de periódicos dessa área. Avaliamos revistas classificadas como Qualis A Nacional no conceito da Capes seguindo um critério pré-determinado. Localizados os artigos, foi realizada a análise; verificada qual abordagem teórica tratada; e consideradas as especificidades, pluralidade, dinâmica e complexidade de cada enfoque. Foram recuperados oito artigos. Com relação à Identidade é possível verificar que nenhum dos artigos identificados se baseou no mesmo referencial teórico com que trabalhamos (Ciampa). Para a teoria de Representações Sociais, todos os artigos selecionados estão em sintonia com a nossa abordagem teórica (Moscovici). Do ponto de vista metodológico, vários procedimentos foram utilizados, muitos deles retomando a questão da interdisciplinaridade e as vantagens advindas da interação entre áreas. O tipo de pesquisa mais utilizado foi o de natureza qualitativa. Para a análise de dados, destacamos a técnica do Discurso de Sujeito Coletivo de Lefèvre e Lefèvre. Os instrumentos de coleta de dados mais empregados foram os questionários e as entrevistas. Nesse trilhar, foi possível compreender e reafirmar que as áreas têm muito a crescer e a acrescentar entre si.
Verificação da Qualidade Microbiológica de Medicamentos Contendo Paracetamol Encontrados em Algumas Residências de Américo Brasiliense/Sp
Authors: Tótoli Eliane Gandolpho , Stain Samaria Nascimento
Published: November 2017

Sabe-se que elevadas cargas microbianas podem comprometer a estabilidade de medicamentos, prejudicando sua eficácia terapêutica. O presente trabalho buscou demonstrar que a contaminação microbiana pode estar diretamente envolvida com a manipulação inadequada dos medicamentos mantidos nas residências, tornando possível traçar estratégias para reduzir possíveis riscos à terapia medicamentosa, por meio de orientação e informação adequadas. O objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar a qualidade microbiológica de medicamentos em gotas contendo paracetamol encontrados em residências de Américo Brasiliense/SP, através do método de análise para produtos não-estéreis descrito na Farmacopeia Brasileira (1988). As amostras de medicamento em uso (30 amostras) foram obtidas diretamente dos moradores entrevistados, que receberam frascos novos do mesmo produto. Foram realizadas a contagem de micro-organismos viáveis (bactérias e fungos) e a pesquisa e identificação de patógenos nas amostras coletadas. Apesar de 90% das amostras apresentarem contaminação, os resultados indicaram ausência de micro-organismos patogênicos, bem como contagem total de microorganismos viáveis abaixo do valor máximo permitido para produtos não-estéreis (104 UFC/g ou mL) nas amostras analisadas. Também foi verificado que os moradores entrevistados armazenavam os medicamentos em locais apropriados, de acordo com as orientações recebidas no momento da aquisição dos mesmos nas farmácias e drogarias, ressaltando a importância da informação para o correto uso e conservação de medicamentos.