bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Experimental modification of morphology reveals the effects of the zygosphene-zygantrum joint on the range of motion of snake vertebrae
Authors: Jurestovsky Derek J. , Jayne Bruce C. , Astley Henry C.
Published: March 2020

Variation in joint shape and soft tissue can alter range of motion (ROM) and create trade-offs between stability and flexibility. The shape of the distinctive zygosphene-zygantrum joint of snake vertebrae has been hypothesized to prevent axial torsion (twisting), but its function has never been tested experimentally. We used experimental manipulation of morphology to determine the role of the zygosphene-zygantrum articulation by μCT-scanning and 3D printing two mid-body vertebrae with unaltered shape and with the zygosphene digitally removed for four species of phylogenetically diverse snakes. We recorded the angular ROM while manipulating the models in yaw (lateral bending), pitch (dorsoventral bending), and roll (axial torsion). Removing the zygosphene typically increased yaw and dorsal pitch ROM. In the normal vertebrae, roll was <2.5 deg for all combinations of pitch and yaw. Roll increased in altered vertebrae but only for combinations of high yaw and ventral pitch that were near or beyond the limits of normal vertebra ROM. In the prairie rattlesnake and brown tree snake, roll in the altered vertebrae were always limited by bony processes other than the zygosphene, whereas in the altered vertebrae of the corn snake and boa constrictor roll ROM was unconstrained when the pre- and post-zygapophyses no longer overlapped. The zygosphene acts as a bony limit for yaw and dorsal pitch, indirectly preventing roll by precluding most pitch and yaw combinations where roll could occur and potentially allowing greater forces to be applied across the vertebral column than would be possible with only soft-tissue constraints.
Prognostic impact of solid tumor component diameter in early-stage non-small cell lung carcinoma treated with intensity-modulated fractionated radiotherapy: a retrospective analysis impact of solid tumor component diameter in NSCLC treated with IMRT
Authors: Itonaga Tomohiro , Mikami Ryuji , Okubo Mitsuru , Saito Tatsuhiko , Shiraishi Sachika , Sugahara Shinji , Tokuuye Koichi , Saito Kazuhiro
Published: March 2020

Objective:

To investigate the suitability of the new diameter-based subgroupings of the eighth edition Tumor Node Metastasis (TNM) classification system regarding radiotherapy treatment for early-stage non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC), we retrospectively re-analyzed the clinical data of patients treated with intensity-modulated radiotherapy using non-coplanar beams (ncIMRT) for Stage I NSCLC.

Methods:

Between March 2011 and March 2018, 92 patients with 94 tumors who were diagnosed with Stage I NSCLC according to the seventh edition TNM classification system were enrolled and underwent ncIMRT of 75 Gy in 30 fractions. Local control (LC), progression-free survival (PFS), and overall survival (OS) were retrospectively investigated according to the T-classification subdivisions of the eighth edition and maximal solid tumor component diameter.

Results:

The median follow-up period was 32.5 months. The median maximum tumor and solid tumor component diameters were 22 mm and 18 mm, respectively. 3-year LC, PFS, and OS rates were 84.1%, 69.4%, and 85.3%, respectively. The 3-year LC rates were 91.0 and 76.8% in the groups with tumor diameter ≤2 cm and >2 cm, corresponding to the T1c and T1b subdivisions of the eighth edition, respectively (p = 0.24). In the ≤2 cm and >2 cm solid tumor component groups, the 3 year LC rates were 93.6 and 63.2%, respectively, which were significantly different (p = 0.007).

Conclusion:

LC rates after radiotherapy in patients with Stage I NSCLC were correlated with solid tumor component diameter. High LC rates in patients with solid tumor components <2 cm in diameter were associated with high PFS and OS rates.

Advances in knowledge:

This study suggests that the eighth edition TNM classification system, which focuses on solid tumor components rather than tumor diameter, can be applied to radiotherapy.
Μελέτη, σχεδιασμός και κατασκευή πρωτότυπου μοντέλου τύπου Formula 1, με χρήση προγραμμάτων CAD/CAM/CAE
Authors: Σπορίδης Μάριος , Χρίσκος Αρσένης-Κλέων Χρίσκος , Αραμπατζής Αχιλλέας , Λαγανάς Γιάννης , Κουτσικάκης Δημήτρης , Λαμπούδη Θεανώ , Οικονόμου Δημήτρης , Αχιλλέως Δρ. Κλαίρη , Παπαδόπουλος Δρ. Σταύρος
Published: March 2020

Το αντικείμενο αυτής της εργασίας είναι η μελέτη, ο σχεδιασμός και η τελική κατασκευή ενός πρωτότυπου αμαξιδίου συγκεκριμένων (μικρών) διαστάσεων τύπου Formula 1. Προς τον σκοπό αυτό, έπρεπε να μελετήσουμε και να εξοικειωθούμε με ποικίλα φυσικά φαινόμενα που σχετίζονται κυρίως με την Αεροδυναμική. Η Αεροδυναμική είναι κλάδος της Μηχανικής που έχει ως αντικείμενο έρευνας και μελέτης τους νόμους που διέπουν τη ροή του αέρα ή άλλων αερίων γύρω από σώματα διαφορετικής μορφής. Ο σύγχρονος τρόπος σχεδιασμού και μελέτης απλών ή σύνθετων κατασκευών γίνεται με εξειδικευμένα προγράμματα σε υπολογιστή. Το αντικείμενο μελέτης σχεδιάζεται σε τρισδιάστατη απεικόνιση, η συμπεριφορά του ερευνάται με προγράμματα προσομοίωσης, ανάλογα με τα αποτελέσματα γίνονται διορθώσεις και το τελικό μοντέλο προχωρά στο στάδιο της κατασκευής. Έτσι χρειάστηκε να μάθουμε να χρησιμοποιούμε προγράμματα CAD/CAM, δηλαδή λογισμικά τρισδιάστατου σχεδιασμού και κατασκευής αντικειμένων, καθώς και CFD, δηλαδή λογισμικά που εξετάζουν την επίδραση της κίνησης του αέρα γύρω από αντικείμενα. Γνωρίζοντας την σημασία που έχει η μορφή των οχημάτων στον τρόπο με τον οποίο «συμπεριφέρονται» στον δρόμο, σχεδιάσαμε το μοντέλο μας χρησιμοποιώντας τα προγράμματα Inventor, Solidworks, και Fusion 360. Βελτιώσαμε επανειλημμένα τον αρχικό μας σχεδιασμό χρησιμοποιώντας το FlowDesign και κατασκευάσαμε το αμαξίδιό μας με χρήση εργαλειομηχανής CNC. Το βασικό μας υλικό για το μοντέλο ήταν το ξύλο balsa, ενώ πρόσθετα εξαρτήματα, όπως ρόδες και φτερά σχεδιάστηκαν και εκτυπώθηκαν σε 3D printer.
Ανίχνευση Αλμπίντο Νετρονίων
Authors: Φραγγατζής Θοδωρής , Φραγγατζής Πέτρος , Κατάκαλου Βασιλική , Φραγγατζής Δημήτρης
Published: March 2020

Σχεδιάσαμε την πειραματική μας διάταξη στηριζόμενη στον προσφερόμενο εξοπλισμό του CERN. Στόχος αυτής της διάταξης είναι η παραγωγή, ανίχνευση και καταμέτρηση των albedo νετρονίων που παράγονται στην ατμόσφαιρα όταν πρωτόνια κοσμικής ακτινοβολίας φτάνουν σε αυτήν. Θέλουμε να καταμετρήσουμε το πλήθος των νετρονίων που οπισθοσκεδάζονται σε συγκεκριμένες γωνίες ώστε να φτιάξουμε το διάγραμμα της γωνιακής τους κατανομής.Έχουμε σχεδιάσει μια διάταξη, κατά την οποία μια δέσμη πρωτονίων που πας διατίθεται, συγκρούεται με ατμοσφαιρικό αέρα συγκεκριμένης πίεσης, τέτοιας ώστε να παραχθούν νετρόνια, κάποια από τα οποία θα οπισθοσκεδαστούν. Τα υπόλοιπα θα συγκρουστούν με έναν δεύτερο στόχο από σίδηρο παράγοντας περισσότερα νετρόνια. Ο εντοπισμός των νετρονίων θα γίνει από ανιχνευτές νετρονίων BF3 σε συγκεκριμένες γωνίες. Μπορούμε να τρέξουμε το πρόγραμμα προσομοίωσης Geant4, που θα μας δώσει την παραμετροποίηση του πειράματος.Η γωνιακή κατανομή, περιμένουμε να είναι συνάρτηση του cos2θ, όπου θ η γωνία σκέδασής τους, σύμφωνα με την εργασία των Hess at al.
Κυνήγι Εξωπλανητών
Authors: Βατίστας Ανδρέας Βατίστας , Βασίλαινας Θανάσης Βασίλαινας , Βουτιέρου Εμμέλεια , Δραβίλλα Φωτεινή-Μαρία , Καλπαξής Γιώργος , Μενέγου Ρένια , Μιχάλαινας Παναγιώτης , Παυλόπουλος Ιάσονας , Πίνα Δήμητρα , Πιτσαργιώτης Θωμάς , Τσακίρης Γιώργος , Φραγκουδάκης Στέλιος , Τσαντίλας Δρ. Σωτήριος
Published: March 2020

Από το 2009 το διαστημικό τηλεσκόπιο Kepler καταγράφει τις μικρές ελαττώσεις (εκλείψεις) στο φως μακρινών αστέρων που οφείλονται στη διάβαση (transit) πλανητών από μπροστά τους. Σκοπός μας είναι να εντοπίσουμε πλανήτες σε τροχιά γύρω από μακρινά άστρα από τα δεδομένα της αποστολής Kepler, χρησιμοποιώντας τη Μέθοδο των Διαβάσεων με τη βοήθεια δύο προγραμμάτων που έχει γράψει η ομάδα μας σε γλώσσα C. Εφόσον εντοπιστούν και επιβεβαιωθούν οι διαβάσεις, προχωρούμε στην ανάλυση των χαρακτηριστικών του πλανήτη: Ακτίνα, κλίση, απόσταση από το αστέρι, και κυρίως αν βρίσκεται στη λεγόμενη «κατοικήσιμη ζώνη» πράγμα που θα κάνει δυνατή τη διατήρηση ζωής.Λόγω του πολύ μικρού μεγέθους των πλανητών σε σχέση με το αστέρι τους, ο εντοπισμός αυτός είναι εξαιρετικά δύσκολος. Παρόλα αυτά έχουμε ήδη εντοπίσει έναν τέτοιο εξωπλανήτη σε τροχιά γύρω από τον αστέρα KIC 1432789 τα χαρακτηριστικά του οποίου ανέλυσε η ομάδα μας για πρώτη φορά.
Μελετώντας τα οφέλη των ηχοπετασμάτων στην Περιφερειακή Οδό Θεσσαλονίκης
Authors: Μωραϊτόπουλος Αθανάσιος , Μανακίδης Παύλος , Ρήγας Ιωάννης , Σαχινίδης Ελευθέριος , Μπαμπζέλης Νικόλαος , Χρυσαφίδης Χρυσάφης , Πόνιας Νικόλαος , Σιάπκας Δημήτριος
Published: March 2020

Τα ηχοπετάσματα αποτελούν έναν από τους δραστικότερους τρόπους αντιμετώπισης της ηχορύπανσης. Μάλιστα, για τη διατήρηση και την αποκατάσταση της ηχοπροστασίας εντοπίζονται ηχοπετάσματα και στην Περιφερειακή Οδό Θεσσαλονίκης.
Μέτρηση δύναμης ανάκρουσης μετά από πλάγια κρούση υπό μεταβλητή γωνία
Authors: Κονταρίνης Άγγελος , Γούδας Κωνσταντίνος , Καλλιντέρη Μελίνα , Κυριακουλόπουλος Καλλίνικος , Μανωλάκου Δάφνη , Παπαδόπουλος Λεωνίδας , Χιωτέλλης Ιωάννης , Φύττας Γεώργιος
Published: March 2020

Το αντικείμενο μελέτης της παρούσας εργασίας είναι η μέτρηση της δύναμης F που ασκείται σε σώμα όταν προσπίπτει σε αυτό ελαστική σφαίρα υπό γωνία. Η σφαίρα προσπίπτει υπό γωνία θ1 και ανακλάται υπό γωνία θ2. Κατά την επαφή με το σώμα ασκείται πάνω στη σφαίρα δύναμη F, οπότε λόγω δράσης αντίδρασης ασκείται ίσου μέτρου και αντίθετης φοράς δύναμη στο σώμα. Τη δύναμη αυτή μπορούμε να την μετρήσουμε με προσαρμοσμένο δυναμόμετρο στην άκρη του σώματος. Για να εξαλείψουμε τις τριβές λόγω επαφής του σώματος με την επιφάνεια κίνησης χρησιμοποιήσαμε ιππέα που κινείται σε αεροτροχιά. Η κίνηση τόσο της σφαίρας, όσο και του ιππέα καταγράφονται από αισθητήρες κίνησης (tracker) και αναλύονται με αντίστοιχο λογισμικό. Η δύναμη F μετριέται από προσαρμοσμένο δυναμόμετρο στην άκρη του ιππέα. Οι ταχύτητες την ελαστικής σφαίρας και του ιππέα υπολογίζονται άμεσα από τα λογισμικά Vernier και VideoPhysics. Τα αναμενόμενα αποτελέσματά μας είναι μια αρμονική χρονική εξάρτηση της δύναμης με ενδιαφέρουσες περιπτώσεις την πρόσπτωση υπό μηδενική γωνία και υπό γωνία 90ο.
Στα ίχνη των «τροχιών» του CERN
Authors: Γαλανόπουλος Γιώργος , Γεωργίου Θεοδώρα , Γεωργάνας Ιάκωβος , Ιορδανίδου Αριστέα , Κοκκίνη Παναγιώτα , Κυριακοπούλου Ειρήνη , Κυριαφίνης Άγγελος , Μιχαλάτος Γεράσιμος , Μουρούκα Θεανώ , Παρτσινέβελου Ιωάννα , Σακελλαρίδη Χριστίνα , Σταματοπούλου Κωνσταντίνα , Στούμπος Μαργαρίτης , Φράγκου Αναστασία
Published: March 2020

Με τη βιβλιογραφική αυτή εργασία επιδιώκεται να απαντηθούν ερωτήματα που αφορούν στα συστατικά της ύλης, στην προέλευση της καθώς και στο είδος των δυνάμεων που την κρατάνε ενωμένη. Για το σκοπό αυτό θα αναλυθεί το Καθιερωμένο Πρότυπο, η σύγχρονη θεωρία που περιγράφει με επιτυχία τα στοιχειώδη σωματίδια και τις μεταξύ τους αλληλεπιδράσεις, και θα παρουσιαστούν ανακαλύψεις που αφορούν θεμελιώδη ερωτήματα όπως τον τρόπο που τα σωματίδια αποκτούν μάζα, γιατί στο Σύμπαν παρατηρείται ανισορροπία μεταξύ ύλης και αντιύλης, αλλά και νέες ανακαλύψεις και εξελίξεις στον τομέα της πυρηνικής και σωματιδιακής φυσικής. Οι περισσότερες απαντήσεις στα ερωτήματα αυτά δόθηκαν, δίνονται και θα εξακολουθήσουν να δίνονται με τη βοήθεια πειραμάτων που διεξάγονται στα εργαστήρια του CERN, το Ευρωπαϊκό Κέντρο Πυρηνικών Ερευνών, που ιδρύθηκε το 1954 και αποτελεί το μεγαλύτερο κέντρο για τη Φυσική των στοιχειωδών σωματιδίων στον κόσμο. Για το λόγο αυτό, επιδιώκεται μία ξενάγηση στις κύριες διατάξεις του CERN, τους επιταχυντές οι οποίοι επιταχύνουν δέσμες σωματιδίων σε πολύ μεγάλες ενέργειες για τη σύγκρουση τους με ακίνητους στόχους ή με άλλες αντίθετα κινούμενες δέσμες και τους ανιχνευτές που καταγράφουν τα αποτελέσματα των συγκρούσεων και είτε ταυτοποιούν τα σωματίδια που είχαν θεωρητικά προβλεφθεί είτε ανακαλύπτουν νέα σωματίδια.
RNA-Seq analysis of early transcriptional responses to activation in the leukaemic Jurkat E6.1 T cell line
Authors: Felce Suet Ling , Farnie Gillian , Dustin Michael L. , Felce James H.
Published: March 2020

Background: The leukaemia-derived Jurkat E6.1 cell line has been used as a model T cell in the study of many aspects of T cell biology, most notably activation in response to T cell receptor (TCR) engagement.

Methods: We present whole-transcriptome RNA-Sequencing data for Jurkat E6.1 cells in the resting state and two hours post-activation via TCR and CD28. We compare early transcriptional responses in the presence and absence of the chemokines CXCL12 and CCL19, and perform a basic comparison between observed transcriptional responses in Jurkat E6.1 cells and those in primary human T cells using publicly deposited data.

Results: Jurkat E6.1 cells have many of the hallmarks of standard T cell transcriptional responses to activation, but lack most of the depth of responses in primary cells.

Conclusions: These data indicate that Jurkat E6.1 cells hence represent only a highly simplified model of early T cell transcriptional responses.
Explaining Preference Heterogeneity with Mixed Membership Modeling
Authors: Dotson Marc R. , Büschken Joachim , Allenby Greg M.
Published: March 2020

Anintegrated model where parameters from the covariate model serve as regressors to explain preference heterogeneity in the choice model.
Spiritual dimension in palliative care from the perspective of Thai palliative caregivers
Authors: Sukcharoen Pilaiporn , Sakunpong Nanchatsan , Sripa Kantita
Published: March 2020

Background:

In Thailand, most terminally ill patients die in hospital and are looked after by health professionals. Terminally ill patients tend to receive physical care only, while in the main, spiritual care is neglected. This study aimed to explore spirituality in palliative care health professionals and spiritual leaders in the Thai Buddhist context.

Method:

In this qualitative case study, seven experienced palliative caregivers took part in in-depth interviews. Thematic analysis and a trustworthiness process were used to analyse the data.

Findings:

Three themes emerged: (1) the ability for self-awareness and faith; (2) acceptance and compassion for others; and (3) spiritual behaviour while nursing.

Conclusion:

The results revealed the meaning of spirituality and the necessary characteristics for spirituality in palliative care for the participants, which could serve as a basis for further development.
Understanding the needs of skin of colour
Authors: Ayodele Dija
Published: March 2020

The skin of colour population is rising globally and practitioners are faced with an increasingly diverse footfall. Additionally, there are also increased demands for inclusivity in a vastly multi-cultural world. To satisfy these societal changes, it is important for practitioners to be competent in meeting the needs of all patient groups.

From understanding the physiology of skin of colour to an appreciation of how culture, myths and expectations impact the conditions presented, as well as product and treatment selection, practitioners today need greater awareness to provide a superior and profitable service that meets the needs of all patients and stakeholders.
Using a needle versus cannula: the advantages and disadvantages
Authors: Kisyova Rumi , Karkhi Alex , Lalemi Christopher
Published: March 2020

With the continuing increase in both men and women seeking out anti-ageing non-invasive cosmetic treatments, techniques and complication management associated with dermal filler and neurotoxin application procedures are more important than ever. Rumi Kisyova et al detail the advantages and disadvantages of using a cannula or needle for such procedures
RESEARCH ROUNDUP
Authors: Mcgloin Claudia
Published: March 2020

In this regular feature, aesthetic nurse Claudia McGloin presents a brief synopsis of a range of recently published articles on medical aesthetics. Research roundup aims to provide an overview, rather than a detailed summary and critique, of the papers selected. Should you wish to look at any of the papers in more detail, a full reference is provided at the end of each study summary
Practise what you preach and think before you post
Authors: Brackenbury Julie
Published: March 2020

Representations of nurses within the media can contribute to the ‘handmaiden’ stereotype that nurses are merely assistants to doctors. Julie Brackenbury addresses the over-sexualised imagery that is present on social media platforms and highlights a duty of professionalism
Turkish Preschool Teachers’ Opinions on Aggression: Uncertainty of Relational Aggression
Authors: Ersan Ceyhun
Published: March 2020

Aggression in early childhood is considered to a common problem. Identification, reduction and prevention of aggression, especially in early childhood are also considered prevalent. Preschool teachers are known as one of the most important people in children’s lives as they are the first ones to meet the child after parents. Therefore, they hold an important role in identifying, reducing and preventing child aggression observed in early childhood. The purpose of the present study is to examine the knowledge and the awareness levels of preschool teachers about aggression and aggressive behaviours. The study is based on phenomenological approach, as one of the qualitative research designs. A semi-structured interview form, prepared for the study based on expert opinions, was applied to the participants. On the light of the findings from the preliminary findings, the related form was applied to a second group of teachers over the internet. Besides, an additional scale consisting of the items of two different instruments directed to determine the aggressive behaviours of preschool children were formed and applied to the second group of participants. The last scale, which was prepared depending on the findings obtained from the second group of teachers, was applied to a third group of participants because the first two participant groups could not recognize and define relational aggression. The relevant themes and sub-themes were created from the data obtained and the findings were discussed within the scope of the literature. According to the results of the study, it was seen that preschool teachers generally defined aggression as physical and verbal harm, and similarly, aggressive behaviours were categorized under physical aggression and verbal aggression types. It was determined that teachers generally recognized relational aggression when they saw the items related to it in the scale. However, they hardly emphasized it while they were defining aggression. So, it can be said that preschool teachers have limited knowledge and awareness of relational aggression as they recognize it only when they see it but can neither define nor name it. The results are discussed and some suggestions are recommended.
A Survey on Artificial Intelligence in Malware as Next-Generation Threats
Authors: Thanh Cong Truong , Zelinka Ivan
Published: March 2020

Recent developments in Artificial intelligence (AI) have a vast transformative potential for both cybersecurity defenders and cybercriminals. Anti-malware solutions adopt intelligent techniques to detect and prevent threats to the digital space. In contrast, cybercriminals are aware of the new prospects too and will probably try to use it in their activities. This survey aims at providing an overview on the way artificial intelligence can be used to power a malicious program that is: intelligent evasion techniques, autonomous malware, AI against itself, and applying bio-inspired computation and swarm intelligence.
Characterization of a compact low-cost Stokes lens for astigmatism compensation in optical instruments
Authors: Ferrer-Altabás Sara , Micó Vicente
Published: March 2020

Variable power cross-cylinder lenses (or Stokes lenses) have been widely known in the literature for decades. In this paper, we describe how to build a low-cost Stokes lens and discuss its calibration and its application to two significant cases. The construction is in virtue of a phoropter’s Risley prism mount for assembling a couple of equal but opposite sign cylindrical lenses (we have selected

±
1.50

D). Thus, variable astigmatic power is achieved by relative rotation of the lenses in opposite directions, and the resulting astigmatic axis is defined by the global rotation of the device. Calibration measurements are performed using an automatic lensmeter (Topcon CL-300) and an aberrometer (Zeiss iProfiler plus) for low and high order, respectively, aberration characterization. The proposed device has been adapted to a manual Topcon LM-8 lensmeter and to a regular Olympus BX-60 upright microscope for experimental validation concerning astigmatism compensation in a digital microscope and astigmatism cancellation in ophthalmic lenses, respectively. The device can be easily adapted to any ophthalmic/optic instrument for the compensation and/or measurement of astigmatism up to a maximum range of

|

3

|

D of astigmatism.
The Valsalva maneuver: an indispensable physiological tool to differentiate intra versus extracranial near-infrared signal
Authors: Davies David James , Yakoub Kamal Makram , Su Zhangjie , Clancy Michael , Forcione Mario , Lucas Samuel John Edwin , Dehghani Hamid , Belli Antonio
Published: March 2020

Developing near-infrared spectroscopy (NIRS) parameter recovery techniques to more specifically resolve brain physiology from that of the overlying tissue is an important part of improving the clinical utility of the technology. The Valsalva maneuver (VM) involves forced expiration against a closed glottis causing widespread venous congestion within the context of a fall in cardiac output. Due to the specific anatomical confines and metabolic demands of the brain we believe a properly executed VM has the ability to separate haemodynamic activity of brain tissue from that of the overlying scalp as observed by NIRS, and confirmed by functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI). Healthy individuals performed a series of standing maximum effort VMs under separate observation by frequency domain near-infrared spectroscopy (FD-NIRS) and fMRI. Nine individuals completed the clinical protocol (6 males, age 21-40). During the VMs, brain and extracranial tissue targeted signal were significantly different (opposite direction of change) in both fMRI and NIRS (p=0.00025 and 0.00115 respectively), with robust cross correlation of parameters between modalities. Four of these individuals performed further VMs after infiltrating 2% xylocaine/1:100,000 epinephrine (vasoconstrictor) into scalp tissue beneath the probes. No significant difference in the cerebrally derived parameters was observed. The maximum effort VM has the ability to separate NIRS observable physiology of the brain from the overlying extracranial tissue. Observations made by this FD cerebral NIRS device are comparable with fMRI in this context.
Chiral and plasmonic hybrid dimer pair: reversal of both near- and far-field optical binding forces
Authors: Ahsan Naima Binte , Shamim Rafia , Mahdy M. R. C. , Das Saikat Chandra , Rivy Hamim Mahmud , Dolon Chaity Islam , Hossain Maruf , Faisal K. M.
Published: March 2020

In both the near-field (around 10 to 250 nm interparticle distance) and far-field (around 1 µm to higher interparticle distances) regions, controlling the mutual attraction and repulsion between chiral and plasmonic hybrid dimers using light has not been reported so far to the best of our knowledge. Such control is called controlling the reversal of the optical binding force. In most setups, the reversal of the optical binding force between plasmonic heterodimers vanishes with an interparticle distance of around 100 nm and above due to the disappearance of the Fano resonance. In this paper, we have demonstrated a possible optical setup, illuminated by a linearly polarized plane wave: chiral and plasmonic hybrid dimers over a plasmonic substrate, which supports the reversal of the optical binding force in both the near- and far-field regions. First, by varying the light wavelengths, we have shown that the optical binding force does not reverse for either the chiral homodimers set and or the plasmonic homodimer set for different interparticle distances. Later, we created a hybrid dimer system by placing a plasmonic and a chiral nanoparticle together. Interestingly, at the far-field region, a strong plasmonic resonance is observed, but a reversal of the optical binding force does not occur. Finally, we have placed the same chiral–plasmonic hybrid dimer setup over a plasmonic substrate and the desired result—a reversal of the binding force—is observed due to the induced lateral force on the chiral object (in the presence of the substrate) and the Fano-type resonance in the system. Controlling such near- and far-field optical binding forces can be an important aspect for particle clustering, accumulation, crystallization, and the organization of templates for biological and colloidal sciences in the near future.
Optimization of camera arrangement for volumetric tomography with constrained optical access
Authors: Wang Qian , Yu Tao , Liu Hecong , Huang Jianqing , Cai Weiwei
Published: March 2020

Due to the asymmetric and dynamic nature of turbulent flames encountered in practical combustors, three-dimensional measurements have been long desired to resolve the complex flame structures. Volumetric tomography has been demonstrated to be a powerful tool for this purpose. However, for practical applications, typically only a few high-speed cameras can be applied due to their high expense and the limited optical access of the combustor. Thus, the camera arrangement is of paramount importance in order to fully explore useful information of the target fields. This work proposes an optimization method for camera arrangement to minimize the correlation between the projections captured from different perspectives. Simulative studies based on computed tomography of chemiluminescence were conducted to validate the feasibility of the method. Results suggest that the optimized camera arrangement defined in the

4

π

space can reconstruct the flame structures more faithfully than the commonly adopted distribution defined in a

2

π

space reported in the literature for scenarios in which the optical access is constrained due to the existence of obstacles.
Performance of an optical single-sideband laser system for atom interferometry
Authors: Rammeloo Clemens , Zhu Lingxiao , Lien Yu-Hung , Bongs Kai , Holynski Michael
Published: March 2020

This paper reports on a detailed performance characterization of a recently developed optical single-sideband (OSSB) laser system based on an IQ modulator and second-harmonic generation for rubidium atom interferometry experiments. The measured performance is used to evaluate the noise contributions of this OSSB laser system when it is applied to drive stimulated Raman transitions in

87

R
b

for precision measurements of gravitational acceleration. The laser system suppresses unwanted sideband components, but additional phase shift compensation must be applied when performing frequency chirps with such an OSSB laser system. The total phase noise contribution of the OSSB laser system in the current experiment is 72 mrad for a single atom interferometry sequence with interrogation times of

T
=
120

m
s

, which corresponds to a relative precision of 32 ng per shot. The dominant noise sources are found in the relative power fluctuations between sideband and carrier components and the phase noise of the microwave source.
Characterization of spectrally filtered heralded single photons
Authors: Suárez-Pérez John , Valencia Alejandra , Nuñez-Portela Mayerlín
Published: March 2020

One method to produce pure heralded single photons (HSP) when using the optical process of spontaneous parametric down-conversion (SPDC) is by modifying the joint spectrum of the photon pairs by means of spectral filters. In this work, we characterize the dependence, with the bandwidth of such filters, of the spectral purity and heralding efficiency of the HSP generated in a bulk SPDC. The values we report for the purity and heralding efficiency are obtained from measurements of the joint spectrum. Our results are in agreement with the theoretical model that predicts a trade-off between the purity and heralding efficiency, and they complement similar measurements that have been done for HSP produced by other types of sources.
Enhanced light extraction from organic light-emitting diodes by reducing plasmonic loss through graded photonic super-crystals
Authors: Alnasser Khadijah , Hassan Safaa , Kamau Steve , Zhang Hualiang , Lin Yuankun
Published: March 2020

In a planar organic light-emitting diode (OLED), over 50% of emitted lights are trapped as a waveguide mode in the organic-indium tin oxide layer and as a surface plasmon polariton mode at the metal and organic layer interface. The light extraction efficiency into the glass substrate is greatly enhanced when the organic/Al interface of the OLED is patterned with a graded photonic super-crystal (GPSC), by destroying the plasmonic resonance condition through graded patterns and by scattering the surface plasmon polariton into the glass. The light extraction efficiency increases with the area fraction of graded regions in the GPSC. The efficiency can reach above 68.5%, 72.9%, and 78.9% for octagonal, square, and triangular GPSCs with area fractions of the graded regions of 53.9%, 78.5%, and 90.7%, respectively. The light extraction efficiency goes up to 83.0%, 81.2%, and 79.0% at the wavelengths of 447, 507, and 608 nm, respectively, in OLED patterned with triangular GPSC, compared with the targeted efficiency of 70%.
Optimization of laser dynamics for active stabilization of DF-VECSELs dedicated to cesium CPT clocks
Authors: Gredat Grégory , Liu Hui , Cotxet Jérémie , Tricot François , Baili Ghaya , Gutty François , Goldfarb Fabienne , Sagnes Isabelle , Bretenaker Fabien
Published: March 2020

We report the implementation and performance of a double servo-loop for intensity and phase-difference active stabilization of a dual-frequency vertical external-cavity surface-emitting laser (DF-VECSEL) for coherent population trapping (CPT) of cesium atoms in the framework of compact atomic clocks. In-phase fully correlated pumping of the two laser modes is identified as the best scheme for intensity noise reduction, and an analytical model allows optimization of the active stabilization strategy. Optical phase locking the beat-note to a local oscillator leads to a phase noise level below

−

103

d
B
c

/

H
z

at 100 Hz from the carrier. The laser contribution to the short-term frequency stability of the clock is predicted to be compatible with a targeted Allan deviation below

σ
y

=
5
×

10

−
13

over 1 s.
Biosensing applications of all-dielectric SiO2-PDMS meta-stadium grating nanocombs
Authors: Ghasemi M. , Roostaei N. , Sohrabi F. , Hamidi S. M. , Choudhury P. K.
Published: March 2020

Thin film grating meta-stadium nanocombs were fabricated and experimentally investigated for the purpose of glucose monitoring. The method of ellipsometry was used to study the sensitivity of the structure to the alterations in glucose concentration in aqueous solution. The existence of Tamm surface waves was demonstrated at the interface of two dielectric mediums (PDMS and SiO2) with acceptable resolution. The results revealed the best sensitivity achieved at a 48° angle of incidence over 350 − 450 nm visible wavelength span when the glucose concentration was varied in the range of 50 mg/l to 100 mg/l. Though the present work emphasizes on the monitoring of glucose, the structure can be used for sensing applications of other biological fluids as well.
Fluorescence properties of methylene blue molecules coupled with metal oxide nanoparticles
Authors: Pahang F. , Parvin P. , Ghafoori-Fard H. , Bavali A. , Moafi A.
Published: March 2020

This work deals with the fluorescence properties of the methylene blue (MB) fluorophores loaded on metal oxide nanoparticles, such as TiO2, ZnO, and Al2O3 based on laser-induced fluorescence (LIF) spectroscopy. At first, MB is provoked by diode laser at 665 nm, then the fluorescence emissions are recorded using a Czerny-Turner spectrometer. The lucid red shift appears during the right angle LIF measurements of (MB + TiO2NPs) suspensions, where NP are well distributed among the fluorophores. Despite that, the LIF of (MB + TiO2) demonstrates notable red shift in terms of NP concentrations; however, (MB + ZnO) and (MB + Al2O3) exhibit a negligible one. The larger red shift occurs for the NPs with greater refractive indices due to the optical elongation. Furthermore, the quenching coefficients KTiO2, KZnO, and KAl2O3 are measured according to the linear Stern-Volmer formalism. The quenching effect in a (TiO2+MB) attests to be much stronger than that of other nanoparticles of interest. The discrepancy in the fluorescence emissions of MB at the attendance of different metal oxide NPs is very significant during simultaneous imaging/diagnosis and treatment of tumors.
Acts of remembering, acts of forgetting: Architecture, memory and recovery in Oslo, August 31st
Authors: Bigelow Benjamin
Published: March 2020

This article examines the ways Joachim Trier represents memory in Oslo, 31. august (Oslo, August 31st) (2011), arguing that the film depicts a conflict between an individual’s attempt to forget (through addiction recovery) and the persistence of cultural memory. The film centres on Anders’s inability to move on from his addiction and imagine a future for himself in the face of an overabundant archive of cultural memory that situates him as an addict. One of the techniques Trier uses to represent the omnipresence of this ‘mnemonic energy’ on-screen is to visually associate memory with Oslo’s urban landscape, revealing the ways architecture ‘frames’ and circumscribes Anders’s attempt at constructing a new self through recovery. By depicting the individual’s interface with cultural memory as an immersive experience of wandering through a modern cityscape dominated by architectural structures, Trier shows how difficult recovery can be for an individual embedded within them.
Moodysson, Ardenne, Derrida: Reading genre, extremity and controversy through the art–pornography of A Hole in My Heart
Authors: Kenny Oliver
Published: March 2020

Labelled as ‘new extreme’, Ett hål i mitt hjärta (A Hole in My Heart) (Moodysson, 2004) controversially straddles the boundaries of art and pornography, challenging the supposed eroticism of pornography with disgusting re-enactments and rethinkings of the violence of pornography. It is transgressive but not excessively so; it is recognizably both artistic and pornographic but hardly representative of either genre. In this article, I show that Paul Ardenne’s theory of extremity is a good means for understanding the play with boundaries that takes place in A Hole in My Heart as well as in Jacques Derrida’s analysis of genre labels. Through an analysis of A Hole in My Heart’s relation to art and pornography, I propose an account that allows for multiple permutations of genre affiliation and suggest that it could advance thinking about new extreme films and genre more broadly.
Soft Power: Hwang and Tesori’s reappropriation of The King and I in representing twenty-first-century diplomacy and the dystopic reality of contemporary America
Authors: Banerji Arnab
Published: March 2020

This article reviews David Henry Hwang and Jeanine Tesori’s Soft Power. In this ‘play with a musical’, Hwang and Tesori revisit Rodgers and Hammerstein’s The King and I to critique its Asian stereotypes. The genre-bending form is, however, much more than a simple retelling of a flawed musical of the past. As the article demonstrates, the writers question China’s attempts at public diplomacy and its efforts to acquire soft power vis a vis its dismal human rights records. The play does so by not merely reversing the narrative of The King and I but by offering a nuanced take on twenty-first-century politics. In doing so, the writers create a scathing portrayal of American reality set against a backdrop of contemporary events.
The mental health of musical theatre students in tertiary education: A pilot study
Authors: Curtis Joel Nicholas
Published: March 2020

This article seeks to illuminate questions of mental health in tertiary-level musical theatre training. Professional performing artists, students of singing, dance and acting, as well as undergraduate university students are all at greater risk of mental health problems than the general population. At the nexus of these domains is the tertiary-level musical theatre student. Through a survey conducted with recent musical theatre graduates in Australia, this study investigated the impact of tertiary-level musical theatre study on the psychological wellbeing of its students, identifying relevant stressors and mitigating factors. The results demonstrate a higher instance of mental health concerns in this cohort than the general population and other tertiary-level groups. Some solutions to mitigate the issue are presented.
PENGGUNAAN EKSTRAKSI SEKUENSIAL UNTUK SPESIASI LOGAM BERAT DI SEDIMEN
Authors: . Lestari
Published: March 2020

THE USE OF SEQUENTIAL EXTRACTION PROCEDURES FOR HEAVY METAL SPECIATION IN SEDIMENT. Metals accumulation in sediments from both natural and anthropogenic sources occurs in the same way, making it difficult to identify and determine the origin of heavy metals present in the sediments. Moreover, the total concentration of metals often does not accurately represent their characteristics and toxicity. In order to overcome the mentioned obstacles, it is necessary to evaluate the environment effect. Single extraction is thus used generally to provide a rapid evaluation of the exchangeable metal fraction in sediments. However, complicated sequential extraction procedures are used to provide more detailed information regarding different metal phase associations.
FITOPLANKTON DAN SIKLUS KARBON GLOBAL
Authors: Firdaus Mochamad Ramdhan , Wijayanti Lady Ayu Sri
Published: March 2020

PHYTOPLANKTON AND GLOBAL CARBON CYCLE. Scientists around the world believe that phytoplankton, although microscopic, have a large role in the global carbon cycle. Various research results show that the net primary productivity of all phytoplankton in the sea is almost as large as the net primary productivity of all plants on land. Phytoplankton through the process of photosynthesis absorbs 40-50 PgC / year from the atmosphere. Also, phytoplankton is known to be responsible for transporting carbon from the atmosphere to the seafloor through the carbon biological pump mechanism. Phytoplankton from the coccolithophores group is known to play a role in the sequestration of carbon on the seabed through the carbonate pump mechanism. The mechanism is capable of sequestering carbon for thousands of years on the seabed in the form of sedimentary rocks (limestone).
Bibliotheken und ihr zivilgesellschaftliches Engagement: ein Werkstattbericht aus dem Landesbibliothekszentrum Rheinland-Pfalz
Authors: Heinrich Kerstin , Koelges Barbara
Published: March 2020

Die veränderten und komplexeren Anforderungen in der modernen Gesellschaft: die zunehmende Digitalisierung, der demographische Wandel, die Wichtigkeit lebenslangen Lernens, die Veränderung hin zur interkulturellen Gesellschaft stellen auch die Bibliotheken vor neue Herausforderungen. Der Beitrag zeigt anhand aktueller Praxisbeispiele des Landesbibliothekszentrums Rheinland-Pfalz (LBZ) auf, wie auch wissenschaftliche Bibliotheken sich verstärkt zu gesellschaftspolitischen Themen engagieren und gibt Beispiele für neue Angebote und Veranstaltungsformate, die diese Arbeit unterstützen.
Bread making potential of Triticum aestivum and Triticum spelta species
Authors: Podolska Grażyna , Aleksandrowicz Edyta , Szafrańska Anna
Published: March 2020

The aim of this study was to assess the effect of two winter wheat species: Triticum aestivum ssp. vulgare, and Triticum spelta, cultivated in different percentage of cereals in crop rotation, on their bread making potential. The analyzed grain samples were obtained from a field experiment conducted during three years 2014-2016 at the Experimental Station in Osiny (51°35’, 21°55’), Institute of Soil Science and Plant Cultivation, State Research Institute, Puławy, Poland. The experiment was established following different percentages of shared cereals in crop rotation (SCCR): 50, 75 and 100%. Wheat cultivation was performed in accordance with good agricultural practice standards. Protein content, gluten content, Zeleny sedimentation index and alveograph properties were determined. Wheat species strongly influenced bread potential. The Triticum aestivum compared to Triticum spelta was characterized by significantly higher gluten quality and Zeleny sedimentation index as well as better alveograph properties. Common wheat showed the highest baking value (W). Spelt wheat was characterized by the lowest tenacity (P) and the highest extensibility (L). Moreover, the percentage of cereals in crop rotation had an effect on grain and dough quality parameters. Cultivation of wheat in 100% share of cereals resulted in the lowest grain and dough quality.
Laboratory testing for activated protein C resistance: rivaroxaban induced interference and a comparative evaluation of andexanet alfa and DOAC Stop to neutralise interference
Authors: Favaloro Emmanuel J. , Gilmore Grace , Bonar Roslyn , Dean Elysse , Arunachalam Sandya , Mohammed Soma , Baker Ross
Published: March 2020

Background

Investigation of hemostasis is problematic when patients are on anticoagulant therapy. Rivaroxaban especially causes substantial interference, extending many clot-based tests, thereby leading to false positive or negative events. In particular, rivaroxaban affects some assays for activated protein C resistance (APCR).

Methods

We assessed, in an international setting, cross laboratory (n = 31) testing using four samples to evaluate rivaroxaban induced interference in APCR testing, and whether this interference could be neutralised. The samples comprised: (A) pool of normal plasma (APCR-negative control); (B) this normal pool spiked with rivaroxaban (200 ng/mL) to create rivaroxaban-induced interference (potential ‘false’ positive APCR event sample); (C) the rivaroxaban sample subsequently treated with a commercial direct oral anticoagulant ‘DOAC-neutraliser’ (DOAC Stop), or (D) treated with andexanet alfa (200 μg/mL). Testing was performed blind to sample type.

Results

The rivaroxaban-spiked sample generated false positive APCR results for some, but unexpectedly not most APCR-tests. The sample treated with DOAC Stop evidenced a correction in the rivaroxaban-affected APCR assays, and did not otherwise adversely affect the rivaroxaban ‘unaffected’ APCR assays. The andexanet alfa-treated sample did not evidence correction of the false positive APCR, and instead unexpectedly exacerbated false positive APCR status with many tests.

Conclusions

DOAC Stop was able to neutralise any APCR interference induced by rivaroxaban. In contrast, andexanet alfa did not negate such interference, and instead unexpectedly created more false-positive APCR events.
Insight into the cadmium and zinc binding potential of humic acids derived from composts by EEM spectra combined with PARAFAC analysis
Authors: Liu Minru , Tang Zhihua , Lin Zhenrong , Guo Huafang , Yu Zhen , Liu Xiaoming , Fang Kejing
Published: March 2020

To investigate the characteristics of humic acids (HAs) and the combined effects of HAs on heavy metals, three HAs derived from kitchen waste compost (KW), pig manure compost (PM), and green waste compost (GW) were exposed to Cd(II) and Zn(II). The elemental contents and functional groups of HAs were different due to different raw materials. Fulvic-, humic-like content C1, humic-like content C4, and two protein-like contents C2 and C3 were identified in three HAs by EEM-PARAFAC analysis. The effects of HAs on heavy metals were associated with the metal species and HA source. Our results reveal that titrating Cd(II) caused stronger fluorescence quenching compared to titrating Zn(II) for all HAs. C1 and C4 of KW-HAs and PM-HAs showed fluorescence quenching after Cd(II) was added, whereas negligible fluorescence quenching was found when Zn(II) was added. In addition, C1 and C4 in the GW-HAs did not show obvious fluorescence quenching regardless of whether Cd(II) or Zn(II) was added. C3 in all HAs caused significant fluorescence quenching, suggesting that C3 plays an important role affecting the mobility of heavy metals. Consequently, these results suggest that HAs from KW and PM have greater potential for Cd-contaminated soil remediation than those from GW.
Success rate of five fetal cardiac views using HDlive Flow with spatiotemporal image correlation at 18–21 and 28–31 weeks of gestation
Authors: Hata Toshiyuki , Koyanagi Aya , Yamanishi Tomomi , Bouno Saori , Takayoshi Riko , Miyagi Yasunari , Miyake Takahito
Published: March 2020

Objective

To assess the success rates of five fetal cardiac views using HDlive Flow (Silhouette) with spatiotemporal image correlation (STIC) in the second and third trimesters of pregnancy, and to verify the feasibility of obtaining five cardiac views by volumes.

Methods

One hundred and eighteen normal fetuses at 18–21 and 28–31 weeks of gestation were studied using HDlive Flow (Silhouette) with STIC to assess the success rates of five fetal cardiac views (frontal, spatial three-vessel, panoramic, posterior, and right lateral views). Target structures in each cardiac view were evaluated. “Good” was assigned when all structures were noted, “Fair” when only one structure was missed, and “Poor” when two and more structures could not been detected.

Results

There were no significant differences in success rates of each cardiac view between 18–21 and 28–31 weeks of gestation. The rate of “Good” with a spatial three-vessel view was significantly higher than that with other cardiac views at 18–21 and 28–31 weeks, respectively (P < 0.05).

Conclusion

Five cardiac views using HDlive Flow (Silhouette) with STIC may become an adjunctive and useful tool in fetal cardiac examination.
Climate change and the projected burden of future health impacts – The Project EXHAUSTION
Authors: Zhang Siqi , Rai Masna , Breitner Susanne , Aunan Kristin , Schneider Alexandra
Published: March 2020

Climate change, foreseen to cause adverse effects on human health, is an emerging global public health threat. Several studies have projected an increasing burden of health effects in the future as a result of global warming. Nevertheless, research in this field is comparatively young and so far there are no concrete answers about the future climate change related health impacts. This article discusses existing research gaps and introduces the EU project EXHAUSTION which aims to fill at least some of them.
Das Hitzewarnsystem des Deutschen Wetterdienstes (DWD)
Authors: Matzarakis Andreas , Stefan Muthers
Published: March 2020

Hitzewellen in den letzten Jahrzenten haben gezeigt, dass es zu einer Erhöhung der Mortalität kommen kann. Die negativen Implikationen der sehr starken Hitzewellen im Jahr 2003 haben den akuten Handlungsbedarf deutlich gemacht. Um die allgemeine Bevölkerung und spezifische Bevölkerungsgruppen zu schützen, wurde beim Deutschen Wetterdienst (DWD) ein Hitzewarnsystem entwickelt und in die Routinevorhersage integriert. Die Warnungen basieren auf der Gefühlten Temperatur am Tag und einer berechneten Temperatur für Innenräume in der Nacht.
Klimaextreme – Handlungsempfehlungen für Pflegeheime und deren ordnungsrechtliche Überprüfung am Beispiel Hessen
Authors: Krampen Regine
Published: March 2020

Pflegebedürftige und ältere Menschen gehören zu den besonders gefährdeten Bevölkerungsgruppen bei Hitzeextremen. Als Reaktion auf Todesfälle im Hitzesommer 2003 wurden in Hessen Handlungsanleitungen für Pflegeheime entwickelt. Seit 2004 überprüft und berät die Hessische Betreuungs- und Pflegeaufsicht an Hitzewarntagen stationäre Einrichtungen zu Sofortmaßnahmen, legitimiert durch einen Erlass des Hessischen Sozialministeriums, und dokumentiert die Ergebnisse. Einrichtungen, die bereits häufiger überprüft wurden, scheinen inzwischen weniger Beratungsbedarf zu haben.