bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Jóvenes en extraedad frente a su proceso educativo: cultivando un camino con sentido
Authors: Correa Ramírez Cristian , Serna Becerra Kelly Lorena
Published: September 2022

El objetivo de este trabajo es comprender, el sentido de vida de jóvenes en extraedad, estudiantes de dos instituciones educativas de Medellín, a partir de sus relatos de la experiencia escolar. Se usó un diseño cualitativo, enmarcado en el método fenomenológico-hermenéutico de perspectiva narrativa, con un enfoque humanista existencial y en diálogo con la teoría de la autodeterminación. La experiencia escolar, que emerge en la historia de vida, se analiza mediante cuatro categorías: rezago escolar: relatos que emergen en el entramado vital; motivación y experiencia escolar; valores existenciales; sentido de vida y construcción del proyecto de vida. El sentido de vida está atravesado por la comprensión de la propia identidad, en tanto que el retorno al escenario educativo amplía y preserva la necesidad de estar centrado en sí mismo, a partir de valores significativos para los jóvenes. El escenario educativo se presenta como la posibilidad de que el joven construya su proyecto de vida, orientado a la construcción de su identidad personal y social, movilizado por un conjunto de valores que le permiten la toma de decisiones en libertad y con responsabilidad frente a situaciones del aquí y el ahora; así, desde su peculiaridad narrativa, el joven comprende el sentido de vida frente a su historia en el escenario escolar, comprobando, de esta manera, que la experiencia escolar se encuentra vinculada a la historia de vida de los seres humanos.
Green Synthesis of ZnO Nanoparticles using Piper chaudocanum L. Leaf Extract: Characterization and its Application in Pb (II) Adsorption
Authors: Thao Truong Thi , Tam Khieu Thi , Thom Nguyen Thi Huong , Tuan Nguyen Thuong
Published: September 2022

In this study, Zinc oxide nanoparticles (ZnO NPs) were green synthesized using Piper chaudocanum L. (PC) leaf extract by sol-gel method and used as an adsorbent for the removal of Pb (II) ions from aqueous solution. The synthesized ZnO NPs were characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD), field emission scanning electron microscopy (FESEM), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), Ultraviolet - visible spectroscopy (UV-Vis) and Brunauer - Emmet - Teller (BET). The results revealed high purity and wurtzite hexagonal structure of ZnO NPs in the size range of 28-37 nm. The morphology of the ZnO NPs varies in different polycrystalline aggregates depending on the amount of extract used, from nanorods to NPs clusters with a BET surface area of 8.56 m2g-1. Pb (II) ion adsorption was investigated at different pH, contact time, initial metal ion concentration, adsorbent dose and temperature. ZnO NPs were synthesized using 30 mL PC leaf extract (ZS30) is the best Pb (II) absorbent. The adsorption isotherm was well described by Langmuir (at low concentration of Pb (II)) and Freundlich isotherm model (at higher concentration of Pb (II)). The adsorption process follows pseudo-second-order reaction kinetic with a high regression coefficient. The calculated thermodynamic parameters, ΔGo (between - 8.699 and - 7.569 kJ/mol at 298 - 316 K), ∆Ho (-20.085 kJ/mol) showed that the adsorption of Pb (II) on ZS30 surface was feasible, spontaneous and exothermic, respectively. The first layer absorption is chemisorption while the next layers are physical adsorption.
From a critical perspective: The defects of Hong Kong comedy since the 1950s
Authors:   Department of Chinese Studies, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany, Guo Moshan
Published: September 2022

This paper elucidates the defects of Hong Kong comedy since the 1950s with regard to five aspects: the inflexibility of structure, the obviousness of theme, the drawback of the plot, the slapstick style and the vulgarity of taste. The story and the characters are relatively stereotypical and rigid in terms of structure. The dialogue and the camera angles are straightforward and obvious in the way that they express the theme. With regard to the plot, the structural design is simplistic and lacking in depth and nuance. Their characteristic slapstick style is expressed through the liveliness and nonsense of folk discourse. They are typically in vulgar taste, which finds expression in the customs, imagery and language of carnivalesque civic culture. The Hong Kong comedy genre has a very strong aesthetic tradition and has performed brilliantly in a commercial sense, but filmmakers need to acknowledge and reflect on its shortcomings, with a view to improving the aesthetic quality of Hong Kong comedy films specifically and Chinese comedy films more generally.
PERLINDUNGAN HUKUM TERHADAP INDIKASI GEOGRAFIS GALENDO SEBAGAI MAKANAN KHAS KABUPATEN CIAMIS
Authors: Yulia Alis , Rusydi Ibnu , Gumilar Doni Cakra
Published: September 2022

Indonesia merupakan negara yang memiliki potensi Hak Kekayaan Intelektual (HKI) yang sangat besar, khususnya yang berkaitan dengan Indikasi Geografis. Banyak produk-produk Indikasi Geografis yang terdapat di Indonesia, salah satunya yaitu Galendo Ciamis. Akan tetapi hingga saat ini Galendo Ciamis belum terdaftar sebagai produk Indikasi Geografis. Apabila hal ini dibiarkan tidak menutup kemungkinan suatu saat dapat terjadi sengketa berkaitan dengan klaim sepihak atau pembohongan publik. Indikasi Geografis memberikan kepastian hukum bagi Galendo Ciamis. Pendaftaran menjadi syarat utama agar Galendo Ciamis memperoleh perlindungan hukum. Tujuan dari penelitian untuk mengetahui, mendeskripsikan dan menganalisa terkait hambatan serta upaya yang dilakukan dalam mewujudkan Indikasi Geografis terhadap Galendo Ciamis. Metode pendekatan penelitian yang dilakukan yaitu menggunakan jenis yuridis normatif. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode penelitian deskriptif analitis.
MENGURAI DILEMA HUKUM BADAN PEGAWAS PEMILU UNTUK PENGAWASAN PEMILIHAN KEPALA DESA
Authors: Sarip Sarip , Fajar Mustopa Fahmi , Syarifudin Aip , Multahibun Multahibun
Published: September 2022

Mekanisme pengawalan demokrasi, bidang pengawasan memiliki Bawaslu yang kewenangan dan tugasnya melekat pada UU No. 7/2017 tentang Pemilu. Bawaslu sendiri tidak diberikan melakukan mengawasan atas mekanisme Pemilihan Kepala Desa (Pilkades) yang dapat mengarah pada politisasi desa. Penelitian mendiskusikan kemungkinan dilema hukum perluasan pengawasan dilakukan atas mekanisme demokrasi desa terutama dalam Pilkades. Metode penelitian pada diskusi dilema hukum Bawaslu atas mekanisme demokrasi desa dilakukan dengan cara pendekatan yuridis normatif, dengan menitikberatkan data penelitian kepustakaan. Metode analisis yang digunakan dalam analisis data dalam penelitian adalah analisis yuridis kualitatif dengan melihat pada permasalahan yang ada dihubungkan dengan peraturan-peraturan sebagai hukum postif, untuk kemudian dianalisis secara kualitatif. Perjalanan perubahan nama dari Panwaslu jadi Bawaslu sebagai langkah mau dalam bidang pengawasan Pemilu belum diimbangi dengan sentuhan pada pengawasan Pilkades. Ironis kemajuan Bawaslu kurang terlibat dalam pengawasan Pilkdesa meningat desa sebagai laboratorium demokrasi sangat besar terjadinya money politic jika dibandingkan dengan Pemilu ataupun Pilkada. Namun kenyataannya peran Pemerintah Daerah terkesan membiarkan dan kemungkinan besar arena Pilkades banyak dimanfaatkan untuk kepentingan Kepala Daerah. Maka untuk menghidari keadaan tersebut, sudah selayaknya Bawaslu dilibatkan langsung dalam pengawasan Pilkades tersebut. Namun peran Bawaslu sendiri telah mengalami dilema secara hukum untuk melakukan pengawasan Pilkades.
ANALISIS HUKUM PIDANA TERHADAP PELANGGARAN KODE ETIK NOTARIS DALAM PEMBUATAN AKTA JUAL BELI SAHAM
Authors: Nugroho Tri Wahyu
Published: September 2022

Penelitian ini membahasBagaimanakah bentuk pelanggaran Kode Etik yang dilakukan notaris dalam pembuatan akta jual beli saham Bagaimanakah penerapan sanksi terhadap notaris yang melakukan pelanggaran Kode Etik Notaris dalam pembuatan akta jual beli saham?
ANALISIS PERKARA NOMOR 278/Pid.B/2020/PN Tsm BERDASARKAN PASAL 45 AYAT (1) UNDANG-UNDANG INFORMASI DAN TRANSAKSI ELEKTRONIK DENGAN PASAL 303 bis KITAB UNDANG-UNDANG HUKUM PIDANA
Authors: Lubis Fahmi Zulkipli , Brata Yat Rospia , Mulyanti Dewi , Artita Rachmatin , Setiawan Iwan
Published: September 2022

Kenyataan di lapangan perjudian online belum sepenuhnya dipidana dengan ketentuan Undang-Undang Nomor 19 Tahun 2016 tentang perubahan Undang-Undang Nomor 11 Tahun 2008 juga mengatur tindak pidana perjudian secara online yang memiliki unsur-unsur khusus seperti unsur Pasal yang terdapat dalam Pasal 45 ayat (1) Jo. Pasal 27 ayat (2). Sebagai salah satu contoh adalah Putusan Pengadilan Negeri Tasikmalaya yang mengadili perkara-perkara peradilan tingkat pertama dengan Nomor Perkara 278/Pid.B/2020/PN Tsm. Adapun yang menjadi tujuan penelitian adalah untuk memperoleh data-data dan informasi mengenai analisis perkara nomor 278/Pid.B/2020/PN Tsm berdasarkan Pasal 45 ayat (1) Undang-Undang Informasi dan Transaksi Elektronik, untuk memperoleh data-data dan informasi mengenai analisis perkara nomor 278/Pid.B/2020/PN Tsm berdasarkan Pasal 303 bis KUHP, dan untuk memperoleh data-data dan informasi mengenai analisis perkara nomor 278/Pid.B/2020/PN Tsm berdasarkan Pasal 45 ayat (1) Undang-Undang Informasi dan Transaksi Elektronik dengan Pasal 303 bis KUHP.Adapun metode yang digunakan dalam penulisan skripsi ini yaitu metode penelitian deskriptif analitis dengan metode pendekatan yuridis normatif yaitu suatu metode penelitian hukum yang didasarkan pada norma-norma hukum yang bersumber dari ketentuan perundang-undangan yang berlaku. Hasil analisis perkara nomor 278/Pid.B/2020/PN Tsm terhadap Pasal 45 ayat (1) Undang-Undang Informasi dan Transaksi Elektronik telah terpenuhi sifat melawan hukum formil dan materilnya. Pembuktiannya dapat menggunakan teori pembuktian berdasar Undang-Undang secara positif yaitu jika alat bukti tersebut telah terpenuhi, hakim sudah cukup beralasan untuk menjatuhkan putusannya tanpa harus timbul keyakinan terlebih dahulu atas kebenaran alat-alat bukti yang ada. Kesulitan terhadap penerapan Pasal tersebut adalah pemenuhan alat bukti. Terhadap Pasal 303 bis KUHP telah terpenuhi sifat melawan hukum formil dan materilnya dengan teori pembuktian yang sama. Penentuan terhadap kedua Pasal tersebut menggunakan asas in dubio pro reo yang menurut kamus hukum diartikan yaitu jika ada keragu-raguan mengenai sesuatu hal haruslah diputuskan hal-hal yang menguntungkan terdakwa.
Informing the Vote: The Business Rescue vs Liquidation Decision
Authors: Rosslyn-Smith Wesley , De Abreu Nicole Varela Aguiar
Published: September 2022

Background: Non-unitary insolvency systems require an initial choice between liquidation and rehabilitation. For those systems, the decision to further support rehabilitation is often reinforced by the estimate of a lesser return in liquidation. The creditors’ decision to either accept or reject the business rescue plan depends substantially on comparing the proposed liquidation value with the business rescue value that is mandated in the business rescue plan.
Purpose: The purpose of this study is to compare the proposed liquidation value with the actual liquidation value of firms that had commenced business rescue proceedings but were subsequently liquidated. This study is exploratory; therefore, our aim is to use the findings of this study to derive future research opportunities for scholars to explore.
Methodology: This research adopted a content analysis research approach by collecting documents such as business rescue plans and liquidation accounts, which are qualitative in nature, and describing these documents through quantitative data analysis.
Findings: The study revealed that for the secured creditors’ sample, there was a significant difference between the proposed liquidation value and the actual liquidation value. For the unsecured creditors’ sample, this study found no significant difference between the proposed liquidation value and actual liquidation value.
Limitations: The major limitation of this study was access to data; therefore, the huge decline in the actual sample size in comparison to the expected sample size.
Value: To the researchers’ knowledge, this is the first study comparing the proposed liquidation value to the actual liquidation value in order to determine whether differences exist. As a result, this study tackles a novel perspective on one of the influences that can affect the vote. This may be of particular importance to creditors, who may find the results of this study to be useful. Lastly, the findings of this study derived future research opportunities for scholars to explore.
The Availability of Learner Support Services in Selected Open, Distance and e-Learning Institutions
Authors: Gasa Velisiwe , Rangara-Omol Tabitha
Published: September 2022

Learner support is regarded as a survival tool necessary for any student who chooses to learn in an Open, Distance and e-Learning (ODeL) institution. It is a necessary service and component of a student’s academic experience. Distance learning providers are, therefore, expected to sensitise students on the demands and challenges of distance learning formats so that they can acquire coping mechanisms as challenges arise. However, it has been noticed that, although many institutions provide several forms of learner support, they are sometimes inaccessible or minimally useful to the students. The purpose of this article is to investigate the extent of support services’ availability for students in ODeL institutions. It draws from a study that was carried out to evaluate learner support services rendered by ODeL institutions to first entrant undergraduate students. To collect data, a questionnaire was constructed to test variables (9 learner support indices) within the construct. It was uploaded into SurveyMonkey and sent to 272 undergraduate students in two selected universities. The results indicated that out of nine indices only four were positive. The following were negatively rated: counselling and mentorship, regional centres and library use, interaction and communication, skills training as well as student associations and representation. This indicates that students from both universities were dissatisfied with the availability of the mentioned support. There is thus a need for support services to be available not only to solve arising problems but as an assistive companion accompanying the students throughout their academic journey.
Managing Burnout among Teaching Staff at Private Universities in Uganda: A Case Study
Authors: Yawe Masagazi Joel
Published: September 2022

The focus of this study was to examine the causes of burnout among teaching staff and, based on the findings, to suggest a framework to manage burnout among teaching staff at private universities in Uganda. A qualitative research approach with a multiple case study design was adopted in the study. Individual and focus group interviews as well as document analysis aided data collection from 50 lecturers, 40 senior lecturers, 20 faculty deans and five registrars across five chartered private universities in the Central Region in Uganda. Empirical data revealed that burnout was mainly due to institutional causes specifically from their workplaces such as conflicting directives, teaching staff’s need to accomplish tasks by a known deadline, delays in the issuance of teaching staff contracts, job insecurity, teaching staff’s incompetence due to skills gaps, limited teaching staff support, students’ disruptive behaviour, and workload. In a second classification, interpersonal causes such as unresolved family challenges, being overly ambitious, failing to progress academically, financial obligations and limited resources also caused burnout among teaching staff. The recommendations that were made include mandatory workouts to boost morale and mood through continuous aerobic exercises, mandatory rest and repair of the lost resources through a paid annual leave, identification of alternative sources of income to supplement salaries, open communication channels, and employee assistance programmes, among others. The study suggests a framework to manage burnout among teaching staff at private universities in Uganda.
Creating a Positive Attitude toward Learners with Disabilities at a Primary School in Shiselweni Region, Eswatini
Authors: Shongwe Elmon Jabulane
Published: September 2022

The study that directed this article focused on how a primary school in the Shiselweni Region, Eswatini, created a positive attitude toward learners with disabilities in line with the Suitability, Availability and Equitability (SAVE) Framework. Learners with disabilities in Eswatini primary schools encounter challenges such that they are either not admitted or not catered for if accepted. A qualitative approach was used, engaging a case study design of one primary school in the study. The participants of the study included the school principal, two class teachers and a parent of an out-of-school child with a disability. The findings were used to develop a framework that could assist in creating a positive environment for learners with disabilities in the school in order to comply with the SAVE Framework. The study portrayed that the school environment exhibited a negative attitude toward learners with disabilities; therefore, it was not in line with the minimum standards of the SAVE Framework. The school grounds and building structures never accommodated learners with disabilities. The way the learners were taught did not consider their disabilities. The school prospectus did not articulate how learners with disabilities were accommodated. The study recommended that the principal and teachers should be workshopped on inclusion, while learners were to be educated on behaviour that depicts the understanding of an inclusive environment. The study recommends that researchers could conduct a quantitative study focusing on how school principals should transform the traditional way of managing regular schools into an inclusive approach.
The Impact of Incentives on Early Childhood Teachers’ Proficiency in Lubombo Region, Eswatini
Authors: Matsvange Melody , Mudimba Collen , Tholakele Malandvula Lee-Ann Simangele
Published: September 2022

Early childhood development programmes have been found to be crucial in the development of children in physical, cognitive, socio-emotional and linguistic domains. For early childhood development (ECD) programmes to be effective, several factors need to be considered, among them human and material resources. Although the availability of the aforementioned factors is of the utmost importance, there is also a need to establish the unforeseen factors that can help ECD programmes to be more effective. Currently, there is little information regarding what can facilitate proficiency among early childhood teachers in their daily practice. This study focused on the impact of incentives on the performance of early childhood development teachers in the Lubombo region in Eswatini, formerly Swaziland. The objectives of the study were to find out the types of incentives given to ECD teachers, to examine the factors affecting the ECD teachers’ incentives and proficiency, and to explore the best ways of incentivising ECD teachers to improve their effectiveness. The research questions guiding the study were derived from the research objectives and the approach used in the study was purely qualitative. The study adopted a case study design and used unstructured questionnaires, cell phone interviews and focus group discussions as data collection tools. The research was confined to Lubombo, where a sample of 30 participants was selected. The sample included 10 ECD teachers, 10 parents and 10 administrators. The findings of the study were that ECD teachers are paid low salaries, which are not sustainable, and they are not hired by the government and so have no pensionable benefits. The study recommends that the use of incentives can improve the proficiency of early childhood teachers; ECD teachers should be paid salaries like any other teacher that are scaled according to their qualifications. Scholarships to further their studies should also be made available to them. More research is essential in areas of teachers’ proficiency and quality early childhood development programmes.
African Students’ Capacity Building for Career Success
Authors: Donkoh Ruth , Wing On Lee , Donkor Josephine
Published: September 2022

Youth unemployment has been a major concern for African governments in recent times. A factor that contributes to this is employers who have ridiculous hiring requirements that become an impediment for most applicants. Although the literature blames school leadership and the school environment as the main causes of graduate unemployment, there seems to be a paucity of literature on the actual causes of graduate unemployment and the reasons for their poor performance in the workforce. This study assesses the actual causes of graduate unemployment in Africa and suggests remedies to salvage the situation. It provides a content analysis of papers presented at conferences, magazines, books, reports, and existing literature on academic articles. This study discovered that graduates lack work experience, computer skills, soft skills, problem-solving skills, creativity, etc. and these are the key drivers of youth unemployment in Africa. The study recommends that graduates should undertake an internship or voluntary work to acquire work experience and learn soft skills such as courtesy, politeness, and good manners at the workplace. They should also learn how to use basic computer software packages, find mentors in the profession who will guide them on the job, pursue life-long learning education, have a back-up career, and learn presentation skills. These are the remedies that will prepare new graduates to find their dream job.
The Convolutions of the Concept of Age of Consent amongst Primary School Teachers in Zimbabwe
Authors: Pakombwele Agnes , Zvokuomba Kwashirai
Published: September 2022

The world over the age of consent is used as a child empowerment and protective tool. It has been argued that the age of consent supports teenagers as they negotiate the most profound aspect of childhood transition into adulthood. During this period, children and teenagers face abuse, bodily violence and exploitation. The study sought to analyse the perceptions and views of primary school teachers about age of consent within the educational setting. The study was guided by the interpretivist philosophy and was methodologically underpinned by the qualitative research design, particularly regarding data, which was collected utilising in-depth interviews and focus group discussions to solicit research participants’ opinions, feelings, and thoughts that represent their world views. The study established that teachers had little knowledge about the age of consent due to misrepresentation in the legal frameworks and inconsistencies in the law on the matter.  In addition, customary, cultural, and religious practices remain “blind” in the way they approach children’s rights issues. Thus, the article advocates for a child-centred framework when dealing with issues that affect the well-being of children as a way of demystifying the age of consent in the educational sector, which should also be informative not only to teachers but traditional leaders and legal practitioners so as to have a shared understanding of the concept.  It is recommended that the age of consent should be the same for both boys and girls just as the age of majority, which is at 18 years.
Appropriating and Exploiting Dreams as Technology in Kgašane’s Narrative of Conversion
Authors: Mokgoatšana Sekgothe , Sebola Moffat
Published: September 2022

The study of mission history is seldom reported through imaginative literature, drama in particular, and dreams as a technique to justify conversion into Christianity. This article is based on a literary work, Kgašane, named after a Molobedu kinsman who is credited with sowing the seeds of Christianity in Bolobedu and the establishment of the Medingen Mission station of the Berlin Missionary Society. The article examines how the writer, Makwala, uses dreams as a divine revelation; an agency used to convert Kgashane. Though fictional, the narrative concerns itself with a factual tale that has dominated the Lutheran Church in the Northern Transvaal. The dreams represent various instances of multivocality and heteroglossia that this article hopes to unravel. The article uses an Afrocentric approach to the study of dreams, with touches of Jung as part of the theoretical framework. The design of the article is qualitative, using purposively selected literary works as secondary data. The choice of the work, Kgašane, is informed by the topical nature of its content within the Berlin Missionary Society and its application as the first written narrative to explain the story of a local martyr within the Medingen Mission.
Modelling the Jewish Tzedakah Concept for Poverty Alleviation and Socio-economic Development in Africa: A Neo-Pentecostal Perspective
Authors: Orogun Daniel
Published: September 2022

As the Jewish highest level of charity, Tzedakah remains a socio-economic system reputed for development in history. In African Christianity, charity is mostly practised at lower levels. This could be one of the reasons for prevailing poverty, beggary, and increased unemployment in Africa. Using the Maimonides highest principle of Tzedakah as the underlying philosophy, this article examines the Tzedakah concept and recommends its applicability in African Neo-Pentecostal churches for the socio-economic development of adherents and surrounding communities. The article posits that Tzedakah’s contemporary practice can be a great model and strategy for the African Neo-Pentecostals to address poverty, unemployment and underdevelopment in Africa.
The Modern Church as Not-for-Profit Organisation: Is it not Time for the Church to Become More Strategic?
Authors: Boya Kgaugelo Sammy , Chiloane-Phetla Germinah Evelyn
Published: September 2022

For many centuries, churches have continued to play critical roles in society’s spiritual and social lives. As is the case across the globe, millions of Christians throughout South Africa continue to seek spiritual upliftment in churches. For this research, a qualitative research method was employed by means of semi-structured interviews. The research was conducted among churches within the Gauteng province of South Africa. Data were analysed through the use of the ATLAS.ti software. The findings suggest that innumerable benefits can be realised by modern churches if proper strategic planning process tools are in place. Productivity and a clear sense of direction are the leading attributes. The study recommended that more research and advocacy work still need to be done to heighten the significance of using strategic planning process tools in church management settings. This may enable the preservation of the rich history of the church.
Contextual Bible Study as a Form of Contextual Theology: An Early Conceptual History
Authors: West Gerald
Published: September 2022

This article analyses the formative period of a particular form of contextual theology, South African Contextual Bible Study (CBS), from 1988–1993. This form of contextual theology is located within the range of South African contextual theologies, including specifically the Institute for Contextual Theology’s Contextual Theology and South African Black Theology. CBS receives its shape from these related contextual theologies but has a particular emphasis on biblical studies, recognising the importance of both the role of the socially engaged biblical scholar and the relevance of biblical studies method to contextual theology. The significance of this historical analysis is that it documents and analyses the formative period of what has become an internationally recognised form of contextual biblical studies and theology.
A Socially-engaged Theological Response to the Historic and Structural Nature of Food Insecurity in South Africa
Authors: Naicker Linda , Molobi Victor
Published: September 2022

Food insecurity in urban South Africa is situated in both historic and contemporary factors. This article argues that there is a need to reimagine and reconceptualise national, socio-ecclesial and theological responses to urban food insecurity in South Africa. We contend that the global and enduring nature of food insecurity is indicative of the violence of hunger and poverty and can be viewed as structural violence. While the church has since its inception been involved in feeding the hungry, the structural and systemic nature of food insecurity requires more nuanced theological responses and reflections. As a prophetic voice, the church and theological reflection and action are important partners in conversations, dialogue, measures and interventions geared towards the eradication of hunger and food insecurity in urban South Africa. A descriptive and evaluative method of enquiry was adopted in order to identify the historic structural and systemic factors that perpetuate food insecurity in South Africa. This article concludes that social inequality, economic disenfranchisement and poverty are as a result of structural inequalities that amount to structural violence inflicted on the most vulnerable of society.
Globalisation Paradoxes in Sub-Saharan Africa: The Social Reality in Eclipse
Authors: Obioha Emeka
Published: September 2022

This paper challenges the dominant notion that globalisation has a neutral “win-win” outlook and the generalisation of “equal gains” and “equal pains” for all countries. The paper provides the dominant narrative on dimensions of globalisation but also dwells more on the global dichotomy approach in understanding this phenomenon. Drawing on analysis of secondary information, this paper examines the paradoxical problem of contested framing of the phenomenon and how it affects sub-Saharan African society. It distinguishes between the Western-oriented and sub-Saharan African perspectives in framing globalisation, which is a departure from the three other dominant narratives. Through a synthesis of available information and the author’s lived experience, this paper confirms that globalisation is not a neutral “win-win” phenomenon but a being that brings disproportionate gain and pain to the detriment of sub-Saharan Africa in numerous social spheres, as demonstrated in this paper. Based on the realities, mitigating approaches are proffered for African future development and social progress.
Preceptorship as a Clinical Teaching Strategy: Nursing Students’ Experiences at Selected Clinical Settings in the North-East of Namibia
Authors: Ashipala Mr Daniel Opotamutale , Kampale Ihemba
Published: September 2022

Preceptors with relevant experience are employed to facilitate learning in clinical areas in order to transfer knowledge to undergraduates to help them build their clinical competence. Institutions of higher education should continuously explore the experiences of nursing students regarding preceptorship. However, the experiences of student nurses on the use of preceptorship as a teaching strategy in clinical areas in Namibia have not been extensively researched. The purpose of this study was to explore and describe student nurses’ experiences in this regard during placement in clinical settings in the north-east of Namibia. A qualitative approach was employed comprising an explorative, descriptive and contextual design. The research population for this particular study consisted of nursing students studying for a Bachelor of Nursing Science degree at the University of Namibia, Rundu campus, who were registered for the 2020 academic year. The sample was drawn from this population using convenient sampling. Data were collected on 15 student nurses from years 1 to 4 undertaking a Bachelor of Nursing programme, using semi-structured interviews and analysed by means of thematic analysis. Four main themes subsequently emerged: preceptorship as a teaching strategy; facilitators for preceptorship; hindrances to preceptorship; and improvements to regain preceptorship. The study recommends that the University of Namibia consider recruiting more preceptors on all levels for major subjects. The findings of this study consequently call for well-articulated plans and actions on the part of the Faculty of Health Sciences and School of Nursing management teams to address the challenges identified in the study.
Weakening National Judicial Institutions and the Rescue Mission of Regional Courts: A Critical Assessment of the ECOWAS Community Court of Justice
Authors: Imam Ibrahim , Egbewole Wahab O.
Published: September 2022

Regional courts are currently functioning effectively in the continent of Africa in response to the progress in economic assimilation initiatives. The Economic Community of West African States (ECOWAS) Community Court of Justice (ECCJ) has been particularly active, handing out rulings on subjects ranging from human rights infringements, the validity of national elections, to the freedom of movement. Further, the judiciary is responsible for the interpretation of laws within the state, a position which is generally altruistic for most constitutional arrangements in the West African sub-region. However, democratic governance, in most of the states constituting the ECOWAS, is challenged by power dynamics that have created a senior/junior partnership relationship among the arms of government; and in particular, the dominance of the executive over other arms of government. This state of affairs affects mostly the judiciary, and by extension impacts litigants’ confidence in the judicial systems within the sub-region. This consequently explains citizens’ options to approach the ECCJ for resolution of disputes. This paper seeks to interrogate the causes that have weakened judicial systems within the sub-region, using Nigeria as a case study to determine how the ECCJ intervenes on such matters and the challenges regarding the execution of its judgments. Further comparative analysis of the SADC Tribunal shall be explored. The paper concludes by providing possible ways for the judiciary to navigate the challenges and also recommending how the justice sector can generally be strengthened.
The South African Constitutional Court Judgment Concerning the Suspension of SADC Tribunal: Critiquing the Critics of the Constitutional Court
Authors: Nyathi Mkhululi , Phooko Moses Retselitsitsoe
Published: September 2022

This article discusses the various scholarly critiques of the South African Constitutional Court judgment in Law Society of South Africa & Others v President of the Republic of South Africa & Others. While we discuss and analyse the articles by some of the scholars who have critiqued the decision, we pay more attention to the criticism by Tladi in particular. We point out that Tladi failed to properly locate the main basis of the Constitutional Court’s decision. We also disagree with Tladi’s assertion that the SADC Treaty and the 2000 Tribunal Protocol could be amended through any means other than the three-quarters majority of the SADC Summit as required by the SADC Treaty. Further, we disagree with Tladi’s view that the doctrine of subsequent practice is applicable in this case and that it was correctly applied in the adoption of the 2014 Tribunal Protocol.
The COVID-19 Pandemic and Education during a State of Emergency: Re-assessing the Right to Education of Children with Disabilities in Nigeria
Authors: Olayinka Olaniyi Felix
Published: September 2022

The COVID-19 outbreak necessitated UNESCO’s declaration of a state of emergency regarding education. The physical and social distancing approach to curb the spread of the virus made way for the adoption of distance learning, which was meant to be inclusive. This article examines conceptual and historical perspectives to determine whether distance education was adequate towards acting in the best interests of the child with disabilities. The needs of disabled children may vary and ‘a one size fits all’ approach cannot always satisfy these, especially not in an environment where social barriers exist. During the state of emergency, it was expected that the Nigerian government would provide an environment where children with disabilities received the desired support. The article also seeks to establish whether children with disabilities had access to digital and mass communication devices to connect them to distance education and also if the state of infrastructure was satisfactory in coping with the obligations of the government towards inclusive education before and after the pandemic, especially under COVID-19 distance education. Furthermore, the article will focus on the level of tolerance and co-existence between able-bodied children and those with disabilities, comparing the pre- and post-COVID-19 eras. It investigates whether inclusive education and peaceful co-existence could be achieved by adopting indigenous languages in schools and having recourse to African legal tradition.
Multilateralism and Management of Public Health Emergencies: A Case Study of the Africa Joint Continental Strategy for COVID-19 Outbreak
Authors: Owie Udoka Ndidiamaka
Published: September 2022

As the world continues to grapple with a pandemic that struck in January 2020, the responses of governments and international organisations to control and combat it varied albeit with different levels of success. Some responses gave rise to nationalist as well as anti-multilateral and -international sentiments and actions, including the politicisation of the pandemic and a retreat from multilateral and international institutions of cooperation. However, the African Union’s response was a beacon of multilateralism as manifested by the adoption of an Africa Joint Continental Strategy for COVID-19 Outbreak. This instrument is a coherent and pervasive framework for combatting the pandemic and forms the basis of the continent’s response by informing the responses of the regional economic communities and member states. Despite this important outline of policy articulation that is geared towards informing policy convergence, the Africa Joint Continental Strategy remains under-analysed and under-appreciated as an example of agency, effectiveness, leadership, multilateralism and indeed sagacity.
Exploring the Adequacy of South African Water Law in Managing Non-revenue Water: A Focus on South African Cities
Authors: Steyn Nicolene Renske
Published: September 2022

South African cities face significant levels of water wastage and inefficient use, which hamper the supply of water services to communities. A primary reason for this is high levels of non-revenue water, also known as water losses. Non-revenue water includes all water lost through physical leakages, commercial losses and unbilled authorised use before it reaches the consumer. Non-revenue water is estimated at more than thirty-seven per cent on average in South African cities, and up to sixty per cent in many irrigation and municipal supply schemes. For cities to increase their water supply and to provide sufficient water to communities, they must drastically decrease non-revenue water to reconcile water withdrawals with supply. This article critically examines the country’s water laws and policies to determine the specific duties that cities have with regard to the challenge of non-revenue water. The article also seeks to determine the adequacy of the law in managing non-revenue water in cities. While it finds that the law provides adequately for the regulation of non-revenue water in cities, many duties overlap and the legal framework is fragmented. The author offers several recommendations, including the development of improved oversight measures to ensure that cities fulfil the duties expected of them.
Taking Stock of Zimbabwe’s 2018 Elections and Evaluating Prospects for Democratic, Free and Fair Elections in the Future
Authors: Mavedzenge Justice
Published: September 2022

In July 2018, Zimbabwe held a general election to elect the State President and members of the legislature as well as local councillors. As is the case with the previous round of elections, the credibility of the July 2018 election was disputed by some of the opposition parties as well as by some of the Zimbabwean civil society organisations. Reports by some of the international election observer missions also seem to cast doubt on whether these elections were free, fair and credible. This paper critically examines whether or not this election can be regarded as having been free, fair and credible. The paper examines the election process as it unfolded in 2018 and evaluates it against the minimum standards for a free, fair, and credible election binding on Zimbabwe. These minimum standards are stipulated in the 2013 Constitution of Zimbabwe; the African Charter on Democracy, Elections and Governance (African Charter on Elections) as well as the SADC Principles and Guidelines Governing Democratic Elections (SADC Principles and Guidelines on Elections). The paper concludes with recommendations on the nature of reforms needed to strengthen the credibility of future elections in Zimbabwe.
Different Davids vs One Goliath: A Critical Affirmation of Individuals’ and Peoples’ Self-Advocacy for the Preservation of Human Rights as Entrenched in Judicial Decisions
Authors: Ndlazi Sikelela
Published: September 2022

It often occurs that South Africans suffer human rights violations at the hands of other South Africans. In these cases, the adjudication is generally straightforward and remedied between the two parties in a court of law. This case note, however, explores the complex human rights transgressions perpetuated by the State which are accompanied by peculiar reprehension due to the constitutional standards of appropriate conduct that the State is under in its role as protector and provider of its people. To illustrate this, the judgments of Johannes Moko v Acting Principal Malusi Secondary School, Tlou Mokgonyana and Others (CCT 297/20) [2020] ZACC 30; 2021 (4) BCLR 420 (CC); 2021 (3) SA 323 (CC) (28 December 2020) and Minister of Health and Others v Treatment Action Campaign and Others (No 2) (CCT8/02) [2002] ZACC 15; 2002 (5) SA 721; 2002 (10) BCLR 1033 (5 July 200236). The note focuses on the realisation that people have had to resort to self-advocacy against the State to garner enjoyment from their guaranteed human rights. This, in turn, manifests itself in a crack in the trust relationship between the State and the people. Despite self-advocacy lacking novelty in South African judicial culture, what does stand out is the State’s seeming ignorance of the damage to the sacred social-trust relationship upon which the credibility of the State’s government rests. Without this trust component, the author argues, the credibility of the government evaporates and, more importantly, the fabric of constitutionalism is tarnished.
Perceptions of First-Year Students from Disadvantaged Backgrounds of E-Learning at the Durban University of Technology, South Africa
Authors: Molokwane R. M. S. , Zogli Luther-King Junior
Published: September 2022

The introduction of innovative e-learning and teaching methods at universities of technology necessitates examining students’ perceptions of these methods in the promotion of student success. In South Africa, most first-year students are not exposed to methodology of technology-aided learning during their high school career, especially those from disadvantaged demographics. The purpose of the study is to examine student perceptions regarding their experience of e-learning at a South African university of technology with specific reference to the success of first-year students from disadvantaged backgrounds. Using qualitative research methods through structured interviews, we discovered that first-year students from disadvantaged backgrounds are experiencing challenges regarding access to resources such as computers, laptops and a reliable internet connection. Furthermore, inadequate training on the use of online resources and unsatisfactory performance during online assessments were discovered and these are heightened by the Covid-19 pandemic. First-year students from disadvantaged backgrounds are exposed to a variety of barriers that have an adverse impact on their success. The conclusion is that higher education institutions must avail the necessary resources to facilitate seamless assimilation of first-year students into their new environment.
Anfractuous Narratives, Human Rights and Precarity in Fatima Meer’s Prison Diary
Authors: Chetty Rajendra
Published: September 2022

This article offers an analysis of South African writer and political activist Fatima Meer’s Prison Diary: One Hundred and Thirteen Days and addresses the ways in which her creative imagination has been triggered by feelings of vulnerability and precarity within the context of racism and injustice. The analysis leans on Bryan Turner’s notion of vulnerability and human rights and Judith Butler’s thoughts on precarious lives. Meer’s narrative is anfractuous given the many roles she played in society, resulting in a memoir that is replete with windings and intricate turnings. Her plots and paths as an academic, artist, sociologist, writer, prisoner, Mandela’s biographer, political activist and human rights campaigner are anfractuous—they twist and turn but do not break. Turner notes that without an ethical commitment realistically to follow one’s vocation or one’s fate, a human being cannot achieve “personality.” In Weber’s ethical system, being a “personality” means having devotion to a cause or acting passionately in terms of a career or course of action that one has rationally chosen. Meer’s politics, activism and commitment to social justice were never divided from her academic inquiry. Her memoir describes her 113 days’ incarceration in the Johannesburg jail in 1976 during the Soweto uprising. The memoir is easily interpreted as a classic postcolonial text, yet this diary of imprisonment may well reflect random moments in the lives of different people—social connectedness of a less obvious nature, yet of significance in glimpsing a common global humanity.
ʿbd and šmr in Genesis 2:15 as the Ecological Mandate: An African Theanthropocosmic Perspective
Authors: Ndoga Sampson
Published: September 2022

This paper contributes to the ongoing conversation on ecology by contributing an African perspective derived from the theanthropocosmic perspective. African indigenous knowledge and practices have been successfully passed on from one generation to the next without documentation. This is because of the inherent nature of responsibility within the African worldview where God, mankind, and nature exist in a (un)conscious community. The homogenous environmental ethic created within the African context provides scope for rereading the ecological mandate of Genesis 2:15 perhaps as a hermeneutical strategy toward responsibility for the physical environment.