bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Editorial
Authors: Io Man-U
Published: August 2022

Tourism destinations, their industries and tourists are relying more and more on emerging forms of information and communication technology (ICT), cloud computing, artificial intelligence (AI), augmented reality (AR) and virtual reality (VR). This kind of tourism is called smart tourism. When virtual reality and tourism combine, virtual tourism appears. It presents viewers with an immersive experience of a location, destination or activity. Virtual tourism not only provides awesome travel with huge convenience, but also has big significance on protecting cultural relics.

In this issue, we will read some articles about virtual tourism. Fengxia Wang and her team reviewed research overview on the application of virtual reality technology in tourism in foreign countries. We honorably request their authorization to translate it into English and republish. Also, topics of digital protection of cultural relics and comparison of real and virtual tourism economy are contained here.

 

Editorial board member

Dr. Man-U Io
Study on the development path of cultural tourism resources in Balikun reclamation
Authors: Zhang Chunxiang
Published: August 2022

Balikun, known as the mother place of Han culture in Xinjiang, has rich cultural tourism resources and a good foundation for tourism development. It is one of the first counties to enter the list of national global tourism demonstration areas. Based on the analysis of Tunken culture and its tourism nature, this paper defines the concept of Tunken cultural tourism resources, and further excavates, classifies and analyzes the characteristics of Balikun Tunken cultural tourism resources. Based on the realistic basis of Balikun tourism development, this paper explores the realization path of the development of cultural tourism resources in Balikun from the perspective of global tourism.
A summary of the research on tourism public service system in ancient cities and towns in China
Authors: Ruan Wenqi , Li Yongquan
Published: August 2022

This paper collates and analyzes the ancient town tourism, tourism public service, ancient town tourism public service system and relevant research literature. It is found that Chinese scholars have begun to try to systematically study the ancient town tourism public service system, but the research on China’s ancient town tourism public service system has some problems, such as narrow research scope, theoretical research lagging behind practice, and then puts forward the direction that needs to be discussed in depth in the future. 
Empirical analysis on construction level of intelligent tourism industry in Jiangsu Province
Authors: Zhang Wei , Liu Huixiang , Yang Shichao , Han Yang
Published: August 2022

In 2010, Zhenjiang city of Jiangsu Province took the lead in creatively proposing the concept of “smart tourism”, which is a new proposition. The economic and resource situation of tourism industry in Jiangsu Province was analyzed, and then a SWOT analysis of the current situation of tourism industry in Jiangsu Province was also analyzed. Then, based on the perspective of tourists, six main influencing factors were selected, and SPSS software was used to analyze the data. From the results of factor analysis, tourism auxiliary services explain the 82.579% influencing factors. Finally, according to the factor score data, K-means clustering was conducted on 13 cities in Jiangsu Province, and it can give some suggestions for the development of intelligent tourism industry in various cities. 
Smart tourism destination initiatives in the city of Natal-RN: A qualitative approach
Authors: Barbosa de Freitas Holliver Breno , Filho Luiz Mendes
Published: August 2022

The objective of this research is to analyze the Smart Tourism Destination [STD] initiatives present in the city of Natal-RN, Brazil. The study is based on the model of State Society for the Management of Innovation and Tourism Technologies, Spain, in which there are four dimensions to be developed in destinations in order to consolidate as a STD: Innovation, Technology, Universal Accessibility and Sustainability. For data collection, a semi-structured interview script was used, with ten open questions, applied to managers and researchers from the public and private sectors of the city. A documental analysis of Natal’s Master Plan was also carried out, verifying elements of Accessibility and, to a lesser extent, notions of Sustainability and Innovation. The interviews showed that Natal has incipient Technology, Innovation and Accessibility initiatives, however, it still lacks a larger number of Sustainability projects in order to consolidate itself as a STD. Thus, it deserves attention from stakeholders in the sense of improving the initiatives and acting together so that the essential dimensions are evolved in the city. 
Application of new technologies on tourism development in the context of big data
Authors: Zhang Junai
Published: August 2022

In order to cope with the pressure and challenges brought by the growing number of tourists in China, the development of big data and related electronic information technology provides new opportunities for the operation and management of scenic spots. On the premise of analyzing the relevant background of big data, the advantages of the application of big data in the management of tourist attractions, tourism marketing, tourism operation status and the shaping of tourist reputation are proposed, which provides technical support, data support and intellectual support for the realization of efficient operation, management, analysis, prediction and evaluation of scenic spots. Combining with the application status of big data in the tourism industry, firstly, the paper proposes to establish a data storage and management system based on cloud computing technology, which provides high-performance services for the storage and management of tourism big data. Secondly, it promotes the application of Internet of Things technology in tourism and realizes the intelligent management of tourist attractions. The third is the establishment of the travel information center service platform, for the calculation and processing of data, massive high data access and query to provide a guarantee. The fourth is the establishment of a protection system for tourism data security through active defense, physical isolation and other technical means to provide multi-level and all-round protection for tourism data security.
Research progress and enlightenment on the application of social media in tourism abroad
Authors: Peng Min , Yang Xiaozhong , Qu Wenfeng , Fan Feifei
Published: August 2022

With the wide application of information technology in tourism, new technologies and applications have a profound impact on the development of tourism, and promote the transformation of tourism research paradigm. Based on social media and closely combined with the reality of tourism, based on the review, the studies on social media and travel abroad related definition, the types of social media from social media, social media impact on tourism subject and object, social media applications in tourism in four aspects has carried on the summary and review. It is found that the foreign research on social media and tourism is in a rapid development stage. The profound impact of social media on tourism has gradually been recognized by scholars, but the breadth and depth of research still need to be strengthened. Finally, relevant research enlightenment is proposed from the perspective of basic theory and practical application.
Innovation in tourism and startups in Brazil, Spain and Portugal
Authors: Alvares Daniela F. , Soares Jennifer C.
Published: August 2022

The present study aims to analyze innovative initiatives related to the promotion of startups in Brazil, Spain and Portugal, in the context of smart tourism destinations (STD). Based on an exploratory and descriptive study with a qualitative approach, programs related to innovation and entrepreneurship were identified in the countries under analysis, as well as concrete initiatives of innovation in tourism related to startups. Therefore, 60 new items per country, out of a total of 180, were selected on the Google platform. The results of the research show that there are guidelines linked to startups in the three countries. In general terms, it was possible to observe that from startups. It is possible to promote the development of ITD, since the initiatives identified contribute, among other aspects, with experiences. 
On the high-quality development of “blockchain +” enabled smart tourism
Authors: Ming Qingzhong , Wei Junfeng
Published: August 2022

Promoting the integrated application of blockchain technology and smart tourism is conducive to improving the efficiency of smart tourism public service platform and guiding the innovation of tourism public service mode; It is conducive to cultivating the new connotation of smart tourism development and activating the new driving force of tourism development; It is conducive to cultivating new forms of tourism and providing new opportunities for the development and transformation of tourism. Many regions have laid out tourism and smart tourism as demonstration application fields for the deep integration of blockchain and real economy. Its basic orientation is to build blockchain tourism platform, establish multi-party consensus mechanism, build blockchain tourism credit management system, expand application fields and enrich application scenarios. In order to accelerate the high-quality development of tourism enabled by “blockchain + smart tourism”: Firstly, accelerate the research, formulation and introduction of relevant policy implementation plans; secondly, build a smart tourism ecological engineering system supported by blockchain technology; thirdly, try to build a blockchain tourism credit management system to solve the market pain points; fourthly, focus on promoting tourism consumption blockchain points to build a global tourism chain. 
Editorial
Authors: Saint Akadiri Seyi
Published: August 2022

Information and communications technology (ICT) makes smart tourism smart. It works in every part of smart tourism: Multimedia helps tourists book hotels, restaurants or tickets; suppliers use ICT to create figures or videos to advertise their products; GPS are extensively applied by tourists to find routes, and by suppliers to track visitors’ movement; In tourist attractions, real-time crowd monitoring and controlling are essential for both tourists and administrators.

Big data provides technical support, data support and intellectual support for the efficient operation, management, analysis, prediction and evaluation of tourist attractions. To take advantages of big data in the management, marketing, operation and reputation building of tourist attractions, Junai Zhang put forward four suggestions and we can find them in this issue. Alicia Yáñez-Moneda and her team introduced the most relevant trends that digitalization has brought to hospitality and tourism, the basic precepts of Industry 4.0, and different processes and levels of digitalization.

We collected articles concentrating on technologies such as block chain, cloud platform and virtual reality in smart tourism. What is more, we cared much about information vulnerable groups in the context of smart tourism.

Editorial board member

Dr. Seyi Saint Akadiri
The notion and connotation of smart tourism through the lens of rational choice
Authors: Li Jingyi , Li Yunpeng , Ning Zequn , Chen Wenli
Published: August 2022

Despite coming from Western nations, the term “smart tourism” has “taken root and flourished” in China. In addition to reflecting the reality of how smart tourism is developing in China, current knowledge in the country's academic and industrial sectors also stimulates more study into the concept and tactics of smart tourism. This study offers fresh perspectives on the meaning and notion of smart tourism from the standpoint of rational choice theory, based on an understanding and analysis of the original mainstream technology application theory. It comes to the conclusion that encouraging travelers to make the best logical decision is the fundamental feature of smart tourism.
Research on the construction countermeasure and patterns of smart famous scenic site—A case study of Gulangyu scenic area in Xiamen
Authors: Tang Li
Published: August 2022

Through field survey, understanding the current situation of the smart tourist spot construction of Gulangyu in Xiamen, finding some problems such as the poor network coverage and communication, and incomplete data center. It puts forward feasible countermeasures from the four aspects such as the basis of the scenic area construction, supervision system construction, the intelligence services and marketing construction, environment and resources protection. It proposes the mode of composite construction of “the government leading, marketing orientation, the scenic spot construction”, expecting to promote the smart construction of Gulangyu.
Study on the construction of smart tourism ecosystem and polycentric governance mechanism
Authors: Yu Yong , Wang Hui
Published: August 2022

Building a smart tourism ecosystem is an important means for the tourism industry to strengthen resource sharing, realize value co-creation and promote healthy development of the industry. Based on the ecological governance perspective and the theory of smart tourism, the connotation of smart tourism ecosystem is proposed and the structural framework of smart tourism ecosystem is constructed by using semi-structured interview method. The framework of smart tourism ecosystem consists of smart tourism platform, smart government, smart tourism suppliers, smart tourism destination marketing organization, smart tourism consumers and external environment, defines the role of each element in the structural framework, and analyzes the characteristics of data flow between each element. The polycentric governance mechanism of the smart tourism ecosystem, including the ecological governance mechanism of smart government, smart tourism suppliers, smart tourism destination marketing organizations and smart tourism consumers, is proposed to provide a reference for the construction and development of regional smart tourism ecosystem.
Smart tourism destinations: The backbone of tourism recov-ery
Authors: Fernández Alcantud Andrés , García Moreno Beatriz
Published: August 2022

The world tourism industry is experiencing the worst situation in its history due to the health crisis caused by COVID-19. The problem is particularly acute in countries such as Spain, which had an important tourism sector that directly employed about 3 million people, 13% of total employment, and accounted for about 12% of its GDP. In order to recover, Spain is betting on the model of Intelligent Tourism Destinations (ITD) and the ITD Network that encompasses these destinations. The ITD methodology is based on five main lines of action: Governance, Innovation, Technology, Sustainability and Accessibility. It also highlights the importance of knowledge and the use of Tourism Intelligence Systems that allow a correct decision making.
Weather Forecasting using Decision Tree Regression
Authors: Kaur Amanpreet
Published: August 2022

Weather forecasting [1] is one of the most scientifically and technologically challenging problems around the world in the last century. To make an accurate prediction is indeed, one of the major challenges that meteorologists are facing all over the world. This research work is based on weather prediction using machine learning using the DTR which will help us in getting good accuracy for the weather prediction and prediction of the future weather. The research also demonstrates the existence of a long term trend in the accuracy of the forecasts. KEYWORDS : LR(Linear Regression), DTR(Decision Tree Regression).
Factors that Affect the Quality of Health Care Services in the North-West Province
Authors: Rakau Mmule Evelyn
Published: August 2022

The study was conducted to assess and evaluate the quality of health service delivery in the North-West Province of South Africa. Data was gathered by administering a questionnaire to 488 health professionals (public health administrators, medical doctors, pharmacists and professional nurses) working in various public health care facilities in the North-West Province. Results obtained from structural equations modelling (SEM) showed that the quality of health care services in designated health facilities in the North-West Province was influenced by 3 factors. These were the availability of enough number of suitably qualified health professionals at all designated health facilities, the ability to provide primary health care services to all people who need the services at all designated health facilities, and the availability of essential medicines and drugs at all times at all designated health facilities.
Measuring Popularity of Nogoum FM Radio Station among Teenagers in Egypt
Authors: Elsafty Ashraf , Diefallah Karim
Published: August 2022

This Paper discusses the amount of popularity Nogoum FM in Egypt as it always claimed to be No 1 ranked Radio station in Egypt by returning to listener’s numbers. To make a good analysis to the future and plans on Nogoum FM the paper investigated the Popularity especially between the young ages (Teenagers) which may have different interests and opinions regarding the radio stations and radio industry as a whole in Egypt. Nogoum FM is the first private radio station since being founded in 2003, and ever since is always said to be the first radio station in terms of listening among people in Egypt after Quran Kareem radio station. What was observed that after the appearance of new radio stations like Mix FM, NRJ and new tech music applications like Anghami and Spotify, Nogoum FM was not on the same solid ground that it was during the previous years despite its efforts to be on track by releasing an application and introducing new generation presenters to give the Radio station the right dosage of youth with balancing its famous presenters, whom it was relied on for a long time. The research studied and took into consideration variables like age, listeners numbers, time and social standard as having major effect on the nowadays popularity of the No1 radio private radio station in Egypt. Tested through questionnaire with sample of targeted age. Literature revealed other variables that had a negative effect on the popularity of Nogoum FM like technology and political stability, yet data collected, and results assured that part of the new variables like Technology effects the new generation, while eliminated other variable like political stability. Finally, paper concluded that Nogoum FM has to give technology the biggest amount of its attention as its most important variable that can affect rest of the variable and will be the main variable for the popularity and the continuity of making Nogoum FM continue to dominate and lead the industry.
The Bideford Museum geological collection of Inkerman Rogers (1866-1959)
Authors: Arber Muriel A.
Published: August 2022

The Museum at Bideford, in North Devon, included a geological collection of nearly 700 fossils, rock specimens and worked flints, the majority of which were collected in North Devon by Inkerman Rogers.
Geological controversy gremlins or how the GCG Stoke meeting became a fable
Authors: Steward D. I.
Published: August 2022

The April meeting of G.C.G. held at Stoke Museum provided food for thought for the forty or so members that attended The theme of the discussion centred around geological exhibitions for the mid-80*s and to this end the speakers gave lively and interesting talks on the finance, design and organisation of travelling and permanent geological displays.
Town museums with special reference to Rochester & Chatham
Authors: Bird C.
Published: August 2022

The editor is grateful to J.B. Delair who sent in this article by C. Bird. Again it highlights the aims and the difficulties encountered by the Victorians in establishing local museums. It is a sad fact that over 100 years later many of the same difficulties still prevail in the funding and support of our provincial museums.
Upper Ordovician crinoid pavement lagerstätte from South Wales - the discovery and rescue
Authors: McDermott,  | , P.D. , Buttler C.J.
Published: August 2022

In 2012 a new relief road was built in Carmarthenshire, South Wales cutting through fossiliferous rocks of Upper Ordovician age and revealing new geological sections. The engineering company undertaking the construction work developed a good working relationship with palaeontologists wanting to collect from new temporary exposures. This was extremely valuable when a bed revealing large accumulations of a single species of fossil crinoids was discovered. Due to engineering deadlines the specimens had to be excavated rapidly but cooperation with company allowed access to the site until all the material was removed.
Collections & Collectors: 46. The Fossil Collection of Dr John Lee (1783-1866) of Hartwell
Authors: Delair Justin B.
Published: August 2022

Born on 28th April, 1783, John Lee was educated at St. John*s College, Cambridge, where he was fifth wrangler in 1806. He obtained a LL.D degree in 1816, after which he travelled extensively in Europe and the East. He assumed the surname Lee in lieu of his patronymic by royal licence in 1815, in compliance with the will of his maternal uncle William Lee Antonie of Colworth House, Bedfordshire, devisee of Sir George Lee, Bt. Sir George being without issue on his death in 1827, the whole of the property devolved on John Lee.
Old labels are old hat!?
Authors: Cleevely Ron J.
Published: August 2022

With the resurrection of the Information Series in this issue of Geol. Curator, it is probably worth examining the original object of providing such reference sheets, as outlined in my introductory article (Cleevely 1981). Judging from the lack of any real response, this would seem to have been mistaken, or at the least illusory. Various opinions as to the value and significance of specimen labels were given as a basis for introducing the series and several of these have been repeated by Brunton et al. (1985).
Az erdélyi táncszínház előzményei a 20. században
Authors: Bezsán Noémi
Published: August 2022

The development of the contemporary Romanian dance scene and the emergence of the network of Transylvanian dance theatre are two unrelated series of events. In my paper, in addition to examining the precedents in the field of dance arts, I will conduct a comparative analysis of the appearance, the spread and in some cases, the suppression of modern dance in Romania and Transylvania.
Posztumusz jelenlét : A hipnotikus jelleg dramaturgiai hatáslehetőségének vizsgálata Hajas Tibor rádióperformansza alapján
Authors: Turai Tamás
Published: August 2022

This paper is part of a study that attempts to explore the functioning of radio plays’ dramaturgy through one of its most characteristic means of impact, the hypnotic effect, by analysing Tibor Hajas’s 1979 radio performance titled Touch. To gain a more complete understanding, the paper reviews the defining moments of the artist’s life, the ones which are relevant to the question, including his trial for subversion, the so-called inner-city gang trial, that resulted in a prison sentence. The appendix at the end of the paper contains the never-yet-published text of an interview created on the occasion of the 1979 premiere of the ‘unusual sound-performance,’ which was itself broadcast before Touch, on Radio Kossuth, on the 4th of February 1979, produced by Endre T. Rózsa, reported by Miklós Győrffy.
Közlekedésbiztonság és légoltalom, avagy a bábszínház mint alkalmazott színház
Authors: Végvári Viktória
Published: August 2022

In my paper, I compare Béla Büky’s air raid safety puppet performance (Légvédelmi Jóska és Légoltalmi Kati /Joey Air-raid-defense and Katie Air-raid-safety/ 1939) with the Traffic Rules and Regulations performance created by the puppetry students of the National Puppet Theatre in 1974. I strive to examine the methods used by these applied puppet theatre productions, I enumerate the dramaturgical and narrative devices the authors rely on: by introducing and comparing the surviving fragments and versions of texts, I seek to circumscribe the tension that emerges between the educational intent of the text, and the qualities necessary to make it suitable for performance.
A kortárs amerikai kertváros reprezentációja Bruce Norris Clybourne Park című drámájában
Authors: Németh Nóra
Published: August 2022

This paper examines the dramatic representation of the primarily social aspiration to preserve the “perfect society” of the contemporary American suburb. I focus my attention on Bruce Norris’s play, Clybourne Park (2010).
Reflexões sobre uma nova hermenêutica constitucional: Leis, Valores e Sociedade
Authors: Del Grossi Assumpção André , Gasparro Sevilha Greco Patrícia
Published: August 2022

A sociedade vem sofrendo modificações em suas relações intersubjetivas em velocidades jamais vistas na história da humanidade. Neste cenário, deve-se considerar o intercâmbio entre diferentes culturas, com os mais variados níveis de desenvolvimentos econômicos e tecnológicos, somados às plataformas digitais de comunicação e, ainda, às mudanças paradigmáticas no fluxo informacional. O ethos exigido tanto na condução das coisas públicas pelo Estado, quanto na vida cívica do cidadão é, diuturnamente, testado com variantes axiológicas crescentes e que, a um só tempo, podem ser o instrumento de pacificação necessária aos conflitos derivados da convivência social, como, ainda, podem ser objeto destas mesmas pretensões resistidas. É neste sentido que se busca um novo olhar que resista a um positivismo frio e, ainda, a um relativismo perigoso e subjetivista, o qual pode seduzir um olhar incauto e virar um cheque em branco para autoritarismos. A dosagem reside na virtude aristotélica do meio termo, fugindo-se de fórmulas prontas, as quais serão obsoletas em questão de pouco tempo, como, ainda, reside no afastamento de radicalismos que ignorem as mutações na sociedade. A hermenêutica, deste modo, apresenta-se como o meio necessário para trazer as soluções demandadas, carreando nesta busca resolutiva a ponderação de valores, a noção de justiça, a obediência à democracia e à lei (sobretudo à Constituição) e a busca ao bem comum.
Propagation of Ginkgo biloba Linnaeus through air-layering in tropical conditions of West Bengal, India
Authors: Choudhury Dibakar , Das Abhaya Prasad
Published: August 2022

Ginkgo biloba Linnaeus (Ginkgoaceac), the maidenhair tree, is recognizably similar to fossils dating back to 270 million years. It is variously used in traditional medicine and as an ornamental plant. Almost no or little attentiíon is given in India regarding its cultivation, conservation and management. The present study established the air-layering technique for the vegetative propagation of the species. As much as 80% of air layering has successfully developed roots. This is a low cost and short duration method through which good number of plants can be produced in tropical conditions, which are expected to be better resistant to different odds and can survive on their own roots.
Effect of Cadmium (Cd) stress on the germination and early seedling growth of Mustard seeds (Brassica campestris L.): deducing a dose - response relationship
Authors: Sarkar Abhijit , Sengupta Chandan
Published: August 2022

Due to severe heavy nmetals contamination in agricultural soil worldwide, several studies specifically focused on the development of metal accumulating crop plants, which can maintain their optimum growth and production in contaminated soil. Mustard plants (Brassica campestris L.) are in generally considered as the hyper accumulator, can be grown advantageously for phytoremediation of the lands contaminated by industrial wastes. Therefore, the effect of varied cadmium (Cd) concentrations on the germination and initial growth of mustard seeds were investigated under controlled laboratory conditions. Results showed a differential response of mustard seeds under varied Cd concentrations. The lower levels of Cd affected the mustard seeds positively or neutrally; but the higher Cd levels showed significant adverse effect. We conclude that as mu_tard being a hyper-accumulator of several metals can only be grown at lower Cd levels for their optimum performance.
Preliminary sereening of Medicinal plants growing in different habitats of Maldah district of West Bengal, India
Authors: Chowdhury Monoranjan
Published: August 2022

The present article is focus on the wild medicinal plants that grown in different habitats of Maldah district of West Bengal. Two year extensive survey in Maldah district resulted in the record of around 281 species of potential medicinal plants.
Deterioration of Antioxidant and Antidiabetic Activity of Seven Taruls Through Boiling
Authors: Ghosal Mitali , Kalwar Premlata , Mandal Palash
Published: August 2022

The underground edible rhizomes and tubers are commonly known as "Taruls' in Darjeeling Himalaya and are mostly available during winter season. These vegetables are consumed as raw or processed through boiling for making them more palatable by local people of Darjeeling Himalaya. The methanolic extracts of raw and boiled (ten minutes) taruls were screened for their in vitro antioxidant potential by DPPH and ABTS' free-radicals, reducing power, metal chelating. nitric oxide, superoxide, hydroxyl radical scavenging capacity and anti-lipid peroxidation assays along with measuring in vitro antidiabetic activity by a-glucosidase and a-amylase inhibition. Our present study demonstrated that in majority of experimental assays, the performance of Dioscorea alata (ghar tarul) was best followed by Ipomoea batatas (red and white cultivar of sakarkanda) and D. hamiltonii (ban tarul), which showed stronger free-radical scavenging activity, high degree of different polyphenol content as well as antidiabetic capacity except for the iron-induced metal chelation where Sechium edule (squash-jara) was excellent performer. Therefore it can be stated that the extracts of different taruls might help in preventing or slowing the progress of various oxidative stress induced diseases. Our study also showed that in every antioxidant assays the scavenging activity reduced with boiling. As boiling decreases bioactive potency, it can be suggested that some alternative strategies should be developed during post-processing through which valuable phytochemicals of taruls might be preserved.
Antifungal Agents for Treatment of Mycoses
Authors: Mandal Narayan Chandra
Published: August 2022

Being eukaryotes the similarity of fungi with animals in great extent, it is very difficult to develop suitable antifungal compounds which target only to the fungi and spare the host compare to anti-bacterials. Concerted systematic programmes to discover and develop new antibiotics and anti-fungals have been driven to a considerable extent by the development of resistance by these organisms to the drugs commonly used against them as well as the side effects they exerted on host body. Fungal diseases are usually divided into five groups according to the level of infected tissue and mode of entry into the host which are: superficial, cutaneous, subcutaneous, systemic, and opportunistic infections. The most common types of mycoses which are responsible for humans fungal diseases are- Tinea capitis; disease of Scalp (Trichophyton spp. and Microsporum spp.), Tinea corporis: Due to social exchanges and contacts (Trichophyton spp.), Tinea cruris: Disease of itching (Epidermophyton sp.), Tinea pedis: Athletes foot, in bengali 'haza' (T. rubrum), Tinea manuum: similar disease on hands (T. rubrum), and Tinea unguium: Attacking nails (T. rubrum).
Bacterial Spot (Xanthomonas cucurbitae) of cucurbits: A review
Authors: Jarial Kumud , Jarial Rajendar Singh , Gupta Satish Kumar
Published: August 2022

The Cucurbitaceae also known as cucurbits, are a plant family, sometimes called the ground family, consists of around a hundred genera most of which are edible. The Cucurbitaceae family ranks among the highest of plant families for number and percentage of species used as human food. Cucumber, pumpkin, different types of gourds, melons, squash and zucchini are among the important edible plants of the family. The cultivation of these cucurbits is hampered by the attack of many pathogens and insects, out of which Xanthomonas cucurbitae (Bryan) Dowson (Syn.: Xanthomonas campestris pv. cucurbitae) causing bacterial spot is emerging as an important pathogen leading to huge crop losses especially to pumpkin, winter squash and bottle gourd.
Influence of culture media and environmental factors on mycelial growth and sporulation of Alternaria alternata (Fr.) Keissler causing leaf blight disease of niger (Guizotia abyssinica (L.f.) cass)
Authors: Saha Aniruddha , Choudhuri Chandrani , Saha Dipanwita
Published: August 2022

Alternaria altermata is isolated from naturally infected niger leaf for their morphological characteristics, mycelia growth and sporulation, spore germination in different culture media and environmental conditions. RMA was best for both growth and sporulation. Excellent sporulation was observed ion PCA. PDB supported best growth among the liquid media tested. Highest mycelia dry weight was recorded at 28°C and pH 6.5. Among several carbon sources tested, Mannitol showed optimum growth and sporulation while peptone produced maximum growth among the tested organic nitrogen sources. The present study will help to maintain the fungus in the laboratory condition for preparation of inoculums for different studies related to the control measures of the pathogen.
Copper toxicity In plants: a review and a case study on tea
Authors: Saha Dipanwita , Mandal Sima
Published: August 2022

Copper in trace amounts is essential for various metabollc processes In the plant such as photosynthes is, ..:arbohydra te distribution, and protein metabolism but at high concentration it causes physiological stress through genera tion of free radicals that Induce the production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) via Haber \ i\1eiss and Fenton reactions . Copper-Induced generation of hydrogen peroxide, hydroxyl radicals, or other react!\~ oxygen species has been directly .correlated with the damage to protein and lipids that may lead to reduced growth and even death. Tea ( Camellia sinensls (L.) O. Kuntze) is an economically important plantation crop in India w ith round the year productivity. Copper based fungicides are cheap and effective i n controlling funga l diseases and are used consistently throughout the year to combat different fungal diseases that pose a major threat to tea production. Excess Cu 2 + has been found to alter several physiochemical parameters in the tea plants. A more detailed study on mechanisms of Cu 2+ toxicity at the gene level is warranted.
In vivo seed germination and seedling morphology of Phoenix dactylifera L. and Phoenix sylvestris (L) Roxb
Authors: Mondal Sujit , Chowdhury Anurag , Basu S K , Chowdhury Monoranjan
Published: August 2022

A comparative study of Phoenix dactylitera L. and Phoenix sylvestris (L) Roxb. has been done in the Medicinal Plant Garden in North Bengal University. The germination status of mature seeds of two species in vivo condition was recorded. It was seen that Phoenix dactylifera prefers natural pH (45.5) where as Phoenix sylvestris orefer acidic soil with pH (6-7). During this study total seed output, times of germination, first aerial lea veneration pattem and reproductive capacity were calculated.
Comparative analysis of antioxidant activities and phytochemical properties of some culinary herbs
Authors: Dev Chaudhuri Sandip , Shah Anju , Chakraborty Usha
Published: August 2022

The present work aimed to evaluate the antioxidant activities as well as phytochemical analysis of leaf extracts of some commonly used leafy spices such as Murraya koenigi (Mk), Coriandrum sativum (Cs), Trigonella foenum-graecum (Tfg) and Mentha x piperita (Mp). Lyophilised plant extracts (LPEs) were obtained by hot water extraction (HWE) process followed by rotavap and lyophilisation. Among the herbs tested, Mk showed the highest antioxidant activity in DPPH Scavenging (77.35 % mg-1 of LPE), superoxide anion radical scavenging (60.21 % mg-1 of LPE) and hydrogen peroxide scavenging (57.21 % mg-1 of LPE) model. Tfg showed least activity in DPPH scavenging (33.15 % mg-1 of LPE) and superoxide anion radical scavenging (25.36 % mg-1 of LPE) assay while Cs had the least activity in hydrogen peroxide scavenging (43.70 % mg-1 of LPE) system. Phytochemical investigations revealed the presence of major primary and secondary metabolites. MK possessed highest amount of phenolics (5.70 mg GAE g-1 of LPE), soluble sugars (68.18 mg GLE g-1 of FTW) and proteins (69.84 mg BSAE g-1 of FTW) and plant pigments (total chlorophyll 6.22 mg g-1 of FTW and total carotenoid 0.19 μg g-1 of FTW) among the herbs. SDS-PAGE and HPLC finger printing had been performed for analysis of protein patterns and phenolic compounds respectively. In conclusion, addition of culinary herbs and leafy spices that show high to moderate antioxidant activity with an excellent amount of phytochemicals in dietary items would go a long way in assuring human health and wellness as well as enhancement of the disease fighting capacity against oxidative stress related disorders.
Prevalence of begomoviruses associated with tomato leaf curl disease in the sub-Himalayan plains of West Bengal
Authors: Karmakar Arup , Chakraborty Prosenjit , Sarkar Tanushree , Das Shibu , Saha Arnab , Saha Dipanwita , Saha Aniruddha
Published: August 2022

Tomato is a solanaceous crop and one of the most economically important vegetables in the world. India ranks second in total production of tomato in the world. It has been referred to as a “functional food”, a food that goes beyond providing just basic nutrient. To LCD is one of the major constraints to tomato production in India. To study the disease incidence of tomato, a survey was made in the tomato crop growing fields of Darjeeling, Jalpaiguri, Coochbehar and Uttar Dinajpur districts of sub-Himalayan West Bengal during December 2015 to February 2016 and several infected and healthy leaf samples were collected based on the morphological symptoms like-vein cleaning, leaf curling, leaf deformations and stunted growth of plants. Disease incidence ranged from 70% to 86.66% of the collected samples from different districts. All the samples collected from the present study area were tested by PCR with DengA and DengB primer and expected amplicon of ̴ 530bp was found. Two randomly selected PCR positive samples were sequence and analyzed (Acc. Nos KX108859 and KX108860). The SLG-1 isolate (Acc. No. KX108859) showed 95 % nt identity with ToLCKV (Acc. No. KP178730) and the ISL-1 isolate (Acc. No. KX108860) showed 96% nt identity with ToLCNDV (Acc. No. KC513822). The threat of begomoviral spread to the north-eastern part of India has been taken into consideration.
Evaluation of streptomyces and non-streptomyces actinomycetes isolates for growth promotion in Vigna radiata and their use as biocontrol agent against Sclerotium rolfsii
Authors: Ray Puspanjali , Chakraborty Arka Pratim , Chakraborty Biswanath
Published: August 2022

Two streptomyces (ARHS/PO26 and ARHS/PO27) and two non streptomyces (ARHS/Mn3 and ARHS/Mn7) actinomycetes isolates obtained from the rhizosphere soil of Solanum tuberosum and Mangifera indica were found to be phosphate solubilizers and showed antagonistic activity against Sclerotium rolfsii. Isolates ARHS/PO26 and ARHS/PO27 were identified morphologically and confirmed by the National Centre for Fungal Taxonomy, as Streptomyces griseus (NCFT 2578.08; NAIMCC-B-00916) and Streptomyces griseolus (NCFT 2579.08). ARHS/Mn 3 and Streptomyces griseolus (ARHS/PO27) could inhibit 68% and 59.7% growth of Sclerotium rolfsii in vitro. In vivo evaluation of the isolates ARHS/Mn 3, Streptomyces griseolus (ARHS/PO27) and Streptomyces griseus (ARHS/PO26) showed maximum growth promotion on Vigna radiata by enhancing key defense enzymes like chitinase, β-1,3-glucanase, phenylalanine ammonia lyase and peroxidase. The results emphasize the fact that soil actinomycetes could be used as potential biocontrol agents.
Psychometric Evaluation of Hindi version of Satisfaction with Life Scale
Authors: Mishra Krishna Kumar
Published: August 2022

The present paper discusses the psychometric evaluation of adapted version of Satisfaction with Life Scale (SWLS) in Hindi language. This scale was developed by Diener,
Emmons, Larsen and Griffin (1985) which assessesthe global life satisfaction of an individual. Back-translation method was used to translate the original scale. The sample consisted of 426 participants drawn from urban and rural areas of Varanasi. Male and female
participants belonging to four age groups (i.e., 15-20, 25-30, 45-50 and 60-70 years) were
included in the sample. Data analyses show that all the items of translated scale have
moderate reliability. Confirmatory factor analysis produces the original single factor structure of SWLS.
बैगा जनजाति की वनोपज संग्रह की स्थिति का अध्ययन
Authors: उसर ेठ राम क ुमार
Published: August 2022

ैगा जनजाति एक आदिम जनजाति ह ै। जा े सदा स े ही वना ें क े मध्य निवास करती आयी ह ै। वन ही इनक े जीवन का प ्रम ुख आधार रह े ह ै। इस जनजाति क े सामाजिक, सा ंस्कृतिक, धार्मि क एव ं आर्थि क पक्ष वना ें पर ही निर्भ र रह े ह ै। वर्त मान म ें वना ें क े राष्ट ªीय उद्यान एव ं वन विभाग क े निय ंत्रण म ें आ जान े स े इस जनजाति क े र्कइ परिवारा ें का े वन क्ष ेत्र स े बाहर विस्थापित किया गया ह ै। र्कइ क्ष ेत्रा ें म ें वना ें क े अधिक कटाव एव ं द ूसर े क्ष ेत्रा ें क े ला ेगा ें का लगातार इन क्ष ेत्रा ें म ें आकर बसन े स े ब ैगा जनजाति की वना ें पर निर्भ रता प ्रभावित र्ह ुइ ह ै। ब ैगा जनजाति क े आर्थि क आधार का प ्रम ुख पक्ष वना ेंपज स ंग ्रह रहा ह ै। ल ेकिन वर्त मान परिस्थितिया ें म े इनक े वना ेपज स ंग ्रह म ें कमी र्ह ुइ ह ै।
Analysis and comparison of injury rate State Fire Brigade workers and Volunteer Fire Brigade members
Authors: Kozłowski Paweł , Tomaszewski Wiesław
Published: August 2022

Background. Firefighter profession is characterized by a high level of risk due to the threat, mainly related to rescue and fire extinguishing, workouts, training and other actions. They result from the firefighters’s duties and affect the health and life of the firefighters on duty. The aim of the study was to assess the specificity of injuries in the State (SFB) and Volunteer Fire Brigade (VFB), assessment of the cumulation of health-related behaviors based on the Modified Inventory of Behaviors by Juszczynski, and the effect of the cumulated behaviors on the injury rate, both in the State and Volunteer Fire Brigades.
Material and methods. The sample included the occupationally active firefighters from the Volunteer Fire Brigade in the Opole and Lower Silesia voivodeships. The applied approach involved the application of an anonymous questionnaire filled out by volunteers participating in the study. The questionnaire included basic data on their service (State or Volunteer Fire Brigade), age, gender and the presence or absence of contusions, and a possible form of treatment to be applied. Moreover, the Modified Inventory of Health-Related Behaviors by Juszczynski was applied. The questionnaire contained 18 statements describing health-related behaviors.
Results. The comparison of the results corresponding to physical activity among the firefighters from the State and Volunteer Fire Brigade indicates that all the firefighters from the State Fire Brigade were physically active. In the case of the Volunteer Fire Brigade (VFB) there were 20 firefighters including 6 firefighters who did not practice any form of physical activity. In State Fire Brigade (SFB) there were 29 firefighters who had sustained contusion and 5 healthy ones. In both groups, the subjects most often sustained contusions while performing other types of physical activity than rescue and fire fighting actions. The majority of firefighters (16 in SFB and 11 in VFB) sustained joint sprain. Despite the numerous fire extinguishing interventions, the cases of burns poisoning are rare. The results also suggest that the surveyed firefighters neglect the recommended dietary habits and rest.
Conclusions. 1. The results indicate no statistically significant differences between SFB and VFB membership and the circumstances of injuries sustained. 2. The membership in SFG and VFB has an effect on undertaking physical activities, however, it has no effect on injuries/contusions. 3. Neither SFB nor VFB firefighters believe that correct eating habits and rational rest are important.
Telelactation with Increased Visibility During Pandemic Process
Authors: GÖNCÜ SERHATLIOĞLU Seda
Published: August 2022

Coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) emerged in December 2019 and was declared a COVID-19 pandemic by the World Health Organization (WHO) in February 2020. The pandemic process negatively affected the training and counseling service delivery, which are among the preventive health services. Considering the global targets of health, it is recommended to use telehealth practices actively for uninterrupted breastfeeding counseling during the pandemic. Telelactation is a telehealth model that presents scientific information about breastfeeding, breastfeeding problems, and solutions via audio talk or video conference and aims to encourage breastfeeding. Telelactation should be seen as an opportunity to provide uninterrupted professional breastfeeding support during the pandemic process and its active use should be further popularized.
Nasal Obstructive Syndrome: a mini-review
Authors: Hernández Bridon Nairobi
Published: August 2022

In chronic nasal obstructive syndrome, mucosal desiccation occurs, causing cilia to be damaged and becoming more susceptible to infection and altering pulmonary function. A bibliographic review was carried out including 28 documents, with the aim of describing the main elements of Nasal Obstructive Syndrome in pediatric patients. Nasal Obstructive Syndrome is considered worldwide one of the most frequent diseases in children and adolescents. Nasal obstruction is a symptom that is frequently presented in dentistry. It manifests as a discomfort, which manifests as a sensation of insufficient airflow through the nose. There are anatomical, physiological and neurological/iatrogenic factors that can cause nasal obstruction. Therefore, it is always pertinent to perform a detailed anamnesis and a thorough physical examination of each patient to properly diagnose the cause of their nasal obstruction, keeping in mind the premise that it is a multifactorial disease
A Sensitivity Analysis on a MCDM Problem Evaluated by ARAS Method
Authors: D. Roy  , S. Mitra
Published: August 2022

Multi-Criteria Decision Making, also known as MCDM, is a highly helpful technique for assessing numerous issues and conclusions as well as resolving conflicts in daily life. The choice of any technique, service, or product is fraught with difficulties. The choosing of any useful product, such as a scooter, is an important task that requires careful research into the selection criteria, where MCDM techniques play a significant role. But the results that are coming with different MCDM methods are has to be consistent enough. This particular study associated with the checking or verifying the results that are evaluated by the Additive Ratio Assessment (ARAS) method with AHP weights for each Criterion.