bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
STUDY ON THE SEISMIC VULNERABILITY OF A VIADUCT SUBJECTED TO NEAR-FAULT GROUND MOTIONS
Authors: Li Yong , Xie Mengfei , Meng Lijun
Published: March 2020

Piers, abutments and bearings of viaducts may suffer severe damage during earthquakes, so it's not insufficient to evaluate the seismic vulnerability of a bridge system only by plastic hinge curvature, which is adopted in seismic design guidelines. In this paper, the seismic vulnerability evaluation of a viaduct is conducted by incremental dynamic analysis under 30 near-fault ground motions, which are selected from PEER database. Then several damage measures are recommended to make an overall estimation for the seismic vulnerability of the viaduct, including plastic hinge curvature, shear failure and sliding displacement failure of bearings and pounding force between abutments and the girder. The analysis results show that the transversal seismic excitations may lead to more severe damage than the longitudinal ground motions. No matter in which direction the ground motions are inputted, the bearings' seismic vulnerability resulted by shear force or sliding displacement is higher than the plastic hinge of piers, which indicates that the seismic vulnerability of the bridge system is determined by the bearings to an extent. As a result, bearings should be designed according to both static and seismic analyses to guarantee the safety during earthquakes.
THE MYTH OF SAW-CUT JOINTS IN CONCRETE SLABS AND WALLS
Authors: Seniwongse Muangsangop
Published: March 2020

This paper is concerned with the world-wide practice of providing shallow saw-cut joints or v-grooves at regular spacing, for structural purposes, in concrete walkway slabs, slabs-on-grade, and parapet walls. The primary purpose of this paper is to raise awareness among engineers that the practice is a myth and has no structural advantages, and for the engineers to think of a better and more positive/reliable approach to concrete crack control. The other purpose is to make aware the need for engineers to think and observe actual behavior of existing structures, and use that observation to improve future design, and not repeat unsound or useless practices. Elimination of useless saw-cut joints in future construction would save the whole world billions of dollars. The author demonstrates that the saw cuts have no structural impact by showing the pictures taken in New York of typical cracks seen on walkway slabs and parapet walls, and on garage floor slabs that were built with saw-cut joints. Note that this type of actual field observation is more representative than the crack observation on small concrete models tested in any engineering laboratories. For comparison, the author shows the examples of crack-free, maintenance-free garage floor slabs and parapet walls without any saw cuts that have been in service in Thailand for the past 30 years.
THEORETICAL ASSESSMENT OF IMPACTS OF PROPERTY RIGHTS ON EXISTING RECONSTRUCTION AND DEVELOPMENT PROGRAM HOUSES
Authors: Mashwama Nokulunga , Aigbavboa Clinton
Published: March 2020

The paper assesses the impacts of property right on low-cost housing and the solutions to address the challenges of property rights on low-cost housing. A literature review is the primary research method on the subject matter to find answers to impacts of property rights on affordable housing. The basis of the study is a general literature review (locally and internationally) published by other researchers on the similar study. The study indicated that enhanced political voice and political accountability has an impact on improving the prospects for secure property rights. Moreover, influence and supports the notion that the rule of law, in providing legal security for property rights, is an enabling condition for economic growth. Furthermore, if governments of developing countries provide real property ownership with clear titles and rights enforceable by law, then poor people will be able to use their assets to obtain credit which can be employed in productive activities, and countries could lever themselves and their poor inhabitants out of poverty. The research will make contribution to type of land reform, which lead to sustainable development through land titling, a reduction in the probability of being evicted, or otherwise losing land rights and provide land users with greater assurance that they will enjoy fruits of their labor and investment, thereby encouraging them to make long-term investments for sustainable use of their properties.
VIBRATION RESPONSE OF A FOOTBRIDGE DUE TO PEDESTRIANS' MOVEMENTS
Authors: Setareh Mehdi , Kadam Ruthvik , Bukhari Mohammad
Published: March 2020

Failure of footbridges in England and France due to excessive vibrations from marching soldiers in the nineteenth century resulted in many fatalities and injuries. The unexpected lateral vibrations of the Millennium Bridge over the Thames River in London was a watershed event as large number of research studies were conducted on this subject following this incidence. However, there are still a number of issues related to vibration serviceability of footbridges that require further studies. Among these are: the amplification of structural response when a group of pedestrians cross a footbridge as compared to a single individual (group effects). This is important as footbridge vibrations are usually computed when subjected to one pedestrian’s crossing and are magnified to estimate those generated by a group of people. Therefore, it is important to conduct vibration testing of footbridges to better define the group effects. This paper presents an experimental study of a footbridge susceptible to vibrations due to human movements. With the help of a group of volunteers, the group effects were computed as a function of the group size. It was found that the results were not completely consistent with those in the literature. Conclusions are made based on the results of the data analysis.
VISCOELASTIC ANALYSIS OF FLEXIBLE PAVEMENT EMBEDDED WITH CLSM BASES SUBJECTED TO SINUSOIDAL AND IMPULSIVE LOADS
Authors: Liang Yen-Chu , Wang Her-Yung , Huang Li-Jeng
Published: March 2020

This paper presents finite element analysis of 4-layered flexible pavements embedded visco-elastic asphalt concrete (AC) top layer and controlled low-strength materials (CLSM) sub-layers as well as graded crushed stone subgrades layers subjected to sinusoidal and impulsive surface wheel loads. Two-dimensional deformation assumption is employed. Time-dependent stress-strain relations are treated using Laplace transform based on correspondence principle. Scheme based on fast Fourier transform (FFT) is employed for inversion of Laplace transformed to obtain time-domain results. A typical 4-layered pavement is analyzed in which relaxation modulus of top visco-elastic asphalt layer is expressed in Prony series. Two kinds of CLSMs, i.e., CLSM-B80/30% and CLSM-B130/30% are compared with graded crushed stones and AC used for base materials. Time-domain responses of vertical displacement and stress at bottom of AC layer are compared. The vertical settlements using CLSM bases (B80/30% and B130/30%) are smaller than that using graded crushed stones even considering visco-elastic behavior of asphalt layer and show to be good materials employed as base substitutes for graded crushed stone in flexible pavement design.
CAUSES OF DEVIATIONS IN PROJECT EXECUTION AND THEIR EFFECTS
Authors: Müller Florian , Tupi Alexander , Heck Detlef
Published: March 2020

Over the past few years the German and Austrian construction industries have been confronted with increasing complexity in projects, a situation, which has resulted in a significantly higher number of construction claims. The lack of an effective documentation system and a standardized claim management system has led to a growing number of disputes and legal cases. To develop a standardized claim management system, it is essential to understand and analyze deviations in the as-planned vs. the as-built occurring during project execution. A standardized system may assist in the quantification of impacts of different deviations and change procedures in future projects. This paper focuses on deviations and their effects occurring during project execution, as well as possible disputes arising from them. Further research is necessary in order to develop an effective standardized claim management system.
INVESTIGATION OF DAMAGE ON DERBENDIKHAN DAM DURING EARTHQUAKE EXCITATION
Authors: Mollamahmutoglu Cagri , Bedirhanoglu Idris
Published: March 2020

In this study, the performance of a damaged dam was evaluated through a three-dimensional finite element model. The dam is located in Derbendikhan city of Northern Iraq and damaged during a 7.3 magnitude earthquake which was happened 30 kilometers south of Halabja city. Derbendikhan dam which was built between the years 1956-1961 is a clay-core rock fill dam. The damage of the dam was investigated at the site right after the earthquake and some cracks were observed in the main body of the dam. The main goal of this work is to present the results of the survey which was conducted at the site and investigating the damage development mechanism through a realistic three-dimensional finite element model of the dam. As complying with the observations at the site, the finite element analysis has shown that the primary failure mechanism is due to the separation of the core and rock fill sections at the downstream side of the dam.
ECOLOGY IN MULTI-STORY RESIDENTIAL BUILDINGS-INTERDEPENDENCY BETWEEN ECOLOGY AND COSTS OF BUILDING MATERIALS
Authors: Koppelhuber Daniela , Wall Johannes
Published: March 2020

More than 95% of multi-story residential buildings in Austria are currently predominantly constructed with conventional mineral construction materials. This fact combined with the increasing demands for a healthy residential living atmosphere demonstrates the great potential for using ecological materials. Life cycle assessments provide information on the ecological performance of buildings, but the corresponding economical aspects are not considered. Nevertheless, the economic aspects of a certain draft are important to clients and designers. Therefore, simplified assessment-tools are needed that take into account the ecological impact as well as the building costs. This paper presents the results of an investigation supplemented by a case study of a multistory residential building, which was finished 2016 in Austria, illustrating the differences between the state-of-the-art material selection and ecologically optimized alternatives. The ecological impacts and the costs for the selected building-system were determined based on the case study. Subsequently, ecological optimization potentials were identified according to the environmental indicator OI3. Finally, the effects on component and construction costs were evaluated. The steps of this simplified process reveal the interdependency between ecological aspects and the costs of materials. This procedure represents a decision-making tool that can be used by clients as well as designers. The results of this research emphasize the large environmental impact improvements with little expenses when implementing sustainability in multi-story residential buildings as a crucial part of a green design.
EFFECT OF INCORPORATING NANO ZEOLITE ON THE STRENGTH OF NATURAL POZZOLAN-BASED GEOPOLYMER CONCRETE
Authors: Rahman Muhammad Kalimur , Ibrahim Mohammed , Barry Mohammed Salihu , Al Khalifa Hassan
Published: March 2020

Natural pozzolan is a green and sustainable material, which has a strong potential for utilization in the geopolymer concrete. At room temperature, the development of strength in natural pozzolan based geopolymer concrete is fair, however, it is desirable, to have higher strength and to enhance the early age strength development. The effect of nano zeolite (NZ) as an additive to the mix by incorporating it at 3% and 5% by weight of natural pozzolan on the strength development and microstructural properties of natural pozzolan based geopolymer concrete mixes are presented. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) was utilized to determine the morphology of the paste. The results indicated that 5% nanozeolite replacement resulted in superior strength and denser microstructure compared to other mixes. The addition of nanozeolite improved dissolution of source material in the alkaline activators and enhanced transformation of it to form polymeric compounds.
EVALUATION OF THE DYNAMIC CHARACTERISTICS FOR SEISMIC DESIGN OF MULTI-STORY BUILDINGS
Authors: Aboelhamd Aya , Mwafy Aman , Gargoum Suliman
Published: March 2020

The fundamental period of vibration is a critical structural dynamic characteristic in seismic design. Several expressions for the calculation of the fundamental period have been recommended by different building codes and previous studies. However, further studies are still needed to evaluate the design expressions used for the calculation of the fundamental periods and assess the need for further refinement. In this study, comprehensive fundamental period data from two sources is collected and compared with different formulas from building codes and previous studies. The first data set is obtained from 147 instrumented buildings with various lateral force resisting systems (LFRSs). The second set of period data are collected from the dynamic response simulations of selected structures. Different LFRSs are considered, including steel moment resisting frames (SMRFs), reinforced concrete moment resisting frames (RCMRFs), reinforced concrete shear walls (RCSWs), concentrically braced frames (CBFs), eccentrically braced frames (EBFs), masonry structures and pre-cast structures. The correlations between the derived period expressions with those recommended by the design provisions show that the code approach is conservative enough for SMRFs, CBFs, masonry buildings and pre-cast structures. For RCMRFs, EBFs and RCSWs, the design code is slightly unconservative for low-rise buildings. The outcomes of the study help to arrive at more efficient and cost-effective seismic design of buildings with different characteristics.
ICONIC STRUCTURES: CASE STUDY OF A HISTORIC MUSEUM WITH NOTABLE SPANS DESIGNED IN CONCRETE
Authors: Ede Anthony , Williams Adeoti , Oni Olatunji , Olofinnade Oluwarotimi , Oyebisi Solomon , Alayande Tolulope , Mark Oluwaseun , Ofuyatan Olatokunbo , Oluwafemi John
Published: March 2020

The emergence of iconic structures around the world increased tourism and economic status of the of host cities. Iconic structures stand out and attract the attention of the general public due to their daring structural limits and aesthetic forms. Hence, the design idea of an iconic historic museum is conceptualized in this research. This paper models an art center, analyses and designs the critical elements according to BS 8110, trying to determine the feasibility of a large-cantilevering structure with numerous curves being achieved. The activities carried out in this research involved a systematic modeling of the structure with Building Information Modeling (BIM) tools, analysis and design in reinforced concrete with particular emphasis on the cantilevered wing of about 37.5m. Numerous load combinations were applied, and various member section properties were experimented. The results obtained from the analysis of the designed reinforced concrete model identified the structural efficiency of certain critical members in the west wing of the building and how they were made to adhere to structural limits in the code of practice by ensuring deflections of critical cantilevered members did not exceed the limit. A unique arrangement of structural systems has been combined to solve the problem of deflection of the seemingly impossible cantilever of 37.5m.
IMPACT OF CONCRETE MATERIAL INPUTS ON PERFORMANCE OF CONTINUOUSLY REINFORCED CONCRETE PAVEMENT
Authors: Sabih Gauhar , Tarefder Rafiqul Q.
Published: March 2020

Continuously reinforced concrete pavement (CRCP) is increasingly being used in the United States based on its longer service life with minimal maintenance. CRCP provides excellent performance for heavily loaded traffic volume, if designed and constructed properly. The performance of CRCP is evaluated based on punch-outs and pavement roughness according to the Pavement ME (mechanistic-empirical) Design procedure which is the state-of-the-art pavement design tool. Design of CRCP is dependent on various factors including traffic, climate, material inputs and pavement geometry. This study focuses on evaluating the effects of concrete mechanical and thermal properties and traffic volume on CRCP performance. CRCP design simulations were conducted using Pavement ME Design software version 2.3 to evaluate the effects of material input data on CRCP performance and it was observed that there is significant difference between the performance predictions with time series data in comparison to the default data. The impact of material inputs is more significant on punch-outs distress as compared to the pavement roughness. This necessitates the importance of lab tested material inputs for accurate design of CRCP. The impact of traffic volume on CRCP performance was also evaluated and it was found that with increase in traffic volume, the pavement distresses increases and the performance decreases.
INFLUENCE OF RAILING STIFFNESS ON WHEEL LOAD DISTRIBUTION IN TWO-SPAN CONCRETE SLAB BRIDGES
Authors: Jaber Sarah , Mabsout Mounir , Tarhini Kassim
Published: March 2020

The American Association of State Highway and Transportation Officials (AASHTO) Standard Specifications or LRFD do not account for the presence of railings in the analysis and design of concrete slab bridges. This paper presents a parametric investigation of the influence of railing stiffness on the wheel load distribution in simply-supported, two-equal-span, and one-and two-lane reinforced concrete slab bridges using the finite-element analysis (FEA). A total of 160 bridge cases were modeled and bridge parameters such as span lengths and slab widths were varied within practical ranges. Various railing stiffness were investigated by assuming railings built integrally with the bridge deck and placed on both edges of the bridge. The FEA wheel load distribution and longitudinal bending moments were compared with reference bridge slabs without railings as well as to the AASHTO design procedures. Accordingly, the presence of railings reduced the FEA negative moments by a range of 54% to 72% and the FEA positive moments by a range of 40% to 61% depending on the railing stiffness. This reduction in slab moments due to the presence of railings could be considered an increase in the bridges load carrying capacity. The results of this investigation will assist bridge engineers in better designing and/or evaluating concrete slab bridges in the presence of railings. This could also be considered an alternative for strengthening existing concrete slab bridges.
INNOVATION OF USING WASTE MATERIALS AS A REPLACEMENT OF CEMENT IN PCC
Authors: Faried Ahmed S. , Abo-Hashema Mostafa A. , Roushdy Abdulrahman E. , Galal Sameh A.
Published: March 2020

Portland cement (PC) is used in the production of Portland cement concrete (PCC) to construct many infrastructure components such as rigid pavements. This research aims at studying the effect of using common waste materials in Egypt as a replacement of PC in the production of PCC. Using waste materials in concrete production could be an effective measure in maintaining the environment, improving the properties of PCC, and reducing cost of production. Nowadays, pavement technologist and researchers had put their interests on nanotechnology. This paper outlines the innovation of using Nanotechnology-based waste materials as a replacement of PC to enhance the physical and mechanical properties of PCC. The experimental work, using waste materials such as ceramic waste (CW) and ground-granulated blast-furnace slag (GGBFS), was conducted in five phases. In phase 1 and phase 2, different rations were used for CW and GGBFS by weight of cement, respectively. In phase 3, the best three ratios of CW were used with the best ratio of GGBFS. In phase 4, different ratios of CW and GGBFS were used with a standard ratio of Un-Hydrated lime (UHL). In phase-5, various mix of CW, GGBFS and UHL were suggested based on previous results. Modified PCC mixtures were produced, tested and compared to the conventional concrete mixture. Results showed that the cost of PCC production is reduced by 34% in average comparing to the control mix.
Dissenting voices in a consenting village: lessons from implementation of free, prior and informed consent at a REDD+ pilot in Tanzania
Authors: Mukisa P.K. , Tumusiime D.M. , Webersik C. , Liwenga E.T. , Tabuti J.R.S.
Published: March 2020

Free, prior and informed consent (FPIC) is a key institutional tool in meeting social safeguards. Its implementation ensures respect of the local people's rights in an intervention. This paper presents a case of FPIC implementation at a REDD+ pilot site. Data were obtained through key
informant interviews and focus group discussions with proponents and village members of the Lindi REDD+ project. Findings indicate that the inclusive approach to FPIC by taking the consultations to the hamlet level did not deliver a flawless process. The consent decision was reached by a majority
vote, not consensus. There was some dissent, prompting the early establishment of project implementation committees. Consent was obtained, though it was not absolutely free, prior and informed. Future REDD+ projects should consider having FPIC as an independent and earlier process, separate
from the main implementation of the project in order to uphold local peoples' rights in a less anxious process.
A Methodological Investigation on Christian Natural Theology
Authors: Youn Chulho
Published: March 2020

The purpose of this article is to present a desirable understanding of Christian natural theology in terms of methodology. In the Enlightenment era, natural theology was understood as that which provides support for religious beliefs by starting from a premise that does not include any religious beliefs. The natural theology of this age was performed under the premise that humanity could prove God’s existence by universal reason without the revelation of God, and that everyone could reasonably agree with the proof. Today, however, the concept of universal reason, which all humans have in common, is being questioned. Today it has become clear that the human reason is conditioned by some sort of perspective formed within a particular culture, tradition, and community and therefore operates in a very diverse way. This article aims at proposing a natural theology which is required today methodologically in terms of postfoundational Christian natural theology. This investigation proceeds in the following order: the creation theology of the Old Testament (II; the natural theology in Christian history (III); the definition of Christian natural theology (IV); today’s Christian natural theology as a creation theology (theology of nature) and as a scientific theology (V); Jürgen Moltmann’s Christian natural theology in terms of methodology (VI); the postfoundational Christian natural theology as a model of postmodern Christian natural theology (VII); conclusion (VIII).
Los contenidos socioculturales de los actos de habla: el contexto del usuario ideal en cuestionarios de hábitos sociales
Authors: Bravo Diana
Published: March 2020

En este trabajo se aborda la problemática de la universalidad de los actos de habla (Searle, ([1969]1980.Actos de habla. Madrid: Cátedra Visor.) y de su relación con las amenazas a la imagen social (cf. Placencia y Bravo, 2002.Actos de habla y cortesía en español. London: LINCOM; ; Bravo y Briz, 2004.Pragmática sociocultural: estudios del discurso de cortesía en español.Barcelona: Ariel). Dentro de los estudios de orientación pragmática de mayor difusión entre los académicos, encontramos dos posiciones, por un lado la de autores como Leech (([1983] 1988).Principles of Pragmatics. London: Longman.) y Brown y Levinson ([1978] 1987.Politeness. Some Universals in Language Use. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.), que asumen que determinados actos de habla serían inherentemente amenazantes para la mantención de laimagen social(face); por otro, la de Thomas ((1983). Cross-cultural pragmatic failure.Applied Linguistics, 4 (2), pp. 91–112.), Wierzbicka ((1991).Cross-cultural pragmatics. The Semantics of Human Interaction. Berlin: Mouton de Gruyter.) y Blum-Kulka, S. y Olshtain, E. ((1984). Request and apologies: a cross-cultural study of speech act realization patterns (CCSARP).Applied Linguistics, (5), pp. 196–213.), entre otros, para quienes la percepción de losmismosactos en distintas culturas estaría influida por factores socioculturales, de manera que los actos de habla no seríanper seamenazantes, sino que esta condición dependería de su interpretación en contexto. Creemos que los actos se describen de modo distinto dependiendo de cuál sea elcontexto del usuario ideal, término que refiere al uso habitual de la lengua en su contexto situacional y sociocultural. Por ello sostenemos que no basta con interpretar los actos con la sola ayuda de la bibliografía y de las propias intuiciones, sino que es necesarioconsultaral usuario de la lengua. En este artículo nos enfocaremos en justificar una metodología de recogida de datos socio-pragmáticos que establece relaciones directas entre los actos y los hábitos sociales de sus usuarios. Nos basaremos en un método de consulta usado por varios autores, el cuestionario de hábitos sociales (cf. Hernández Flores, (2002).La cortesía en la conversación española de familiares y amigos. La búsqueda de equilibrio entre la imagen del hablante y la imagen del destinatario. Tesis doctoral. Aalborg: Aalborg Universitet. Recuperado dehttp://edice.asice.se/?page_id=305, y Bernal y Hernández Flores, (2016). Variación socio-pragmática en la enseñanza del español: aplicación didáctica de un cuestionario de hábitos sociales.Journal of Spanish Language Teaching, 3 (2), pp. 114–126.).
An Image-Based Approach to Capture Influence of Production Mechanism on Aggregate Dimension Distribution and Breakage Potential
Authors: Rajan Bharat , Singh Dharamveer
Published: March 2020

This study evaluates the breakage potential of basaltic coarse aggregates of three different sizes, i.e., P19-R12.5 (passing 19 mm and retaining on 12.5 mm), P12.5-R9.5, and P9.5-R4.75 produced from three different production mechanisms using the image-based dimension analysis approach. At first, the effects of three different crushing mechanisms, specifically, jaw-horizontal shaft impactor (JH), jaw-cone (JC), and JC-vertical shaft impactor (VSI) (named JCV) were evaluated on particle dimensional distribution. The dimensions were determined using the digital image–based aggregate image measurement system (AIMS) and analyzed in the form of flakiness, elongation, flakiness and elongation (F&E), and Zingg’s distribution. Further, the aggregate samples were subjected to breakage and three different breakage potentials, namely the breakage index, Lee and Farmhood breakage index, and Hardin relative breakage index, were determined. The results from dimension analysis indicated that the crushing mechanism has significant effects on the amount of flaky particles, whereas the elongation shows little dependence. The aggregate produced from JC presented the highest percentage of F&E aggregates with 3:1 and 5:1 ratios, followed by JH and JCV, respectively. Also, it was found that the Zingg’s distribution is helpful for capturing the shape of aggregates having similar F&E characteristics. Further, the breakage potential indicated that the JC- and JH-produced aggregates had significantly higher probabilities of breakage compared to JCV. In addition, this study has presented an approach to capture AIMS competency in differentiating the aggregate dimensions and concluded that the approach can be used to assess the quality of aggregate size bifurcation.
An Efficient Method for Macrophage Cells Detection in Atherosclerotic Plaques
Authors: Lafi Sana , Khalfallah Ali , Bouhlel Med Salim
Published: March 2020

Atherosclerosis is a chronic inflammatory disease primarily caused by lipid and bad cholesterol deposits in the arterial wall. These accumulations lead to the formation of monocyte cells, whose multiplication in the arterial wall and transformation to macrophages initiate the cholesterol plaque-formation process. The massive accumulation of cholesterol in these macrophages promote the plaques progression. Because of its ranking as the major cause of cardiovascular deaths, an early detection of such a disease is imposed. In this context, a novel algorithm is advanced, whereby, atherosclerotic lesions imaged by fluorescence microscopy can be effectively detected. The newly designed method involves an image preprocessing step, a segmentation step, along with a merging step combining the entirety of obtained segments. The reached results are further refined for the purpose of reducing over and under segmentation as well as eliminating the misclassified and unconnected pixels. Once achieved, the final segmentation associated quality is evaluated. Actually, the attained experimental results prove the efficiency of our proposed method in terms of precision, recall, and f-score.
PROCESSAMENTO DE LEITURA DE ESTUDANTES UNIVERSITÁRIOS EM LÍNGUA ALEMÃ COMO LINGUA ESTRANGEIRA
Authors: Vansiler Nair Daiane De Souza Sauaia , Klein Ângela Inês
Published: March 2020

O ensino de língua alemã como LE em contexto universitário vem ganhando há tempos destaque, principalmente devido ao fortalecimento dos intercâmbios entre as universidades brasileiras e alemãs. Compreender o processamento da leitura nos diferentes níveis de aprendizagem (do iniciante ao mais avançado) faz-se necessário para uma abordagem de ensino-aprendizagem mais eficiente. Neste trabalho apresentamos os resultados de um experimento realizado com alunos da Universidade Tecnológica Federal do Paraná, campus de Ponta Grossa, que realizam curso livre de alemão no Centro Acadêmico de Línguas Estrangeiras Modernas (CALEM) desta universidade. O experimento está constituído de duas etapas: 1) leitura de um texto em alemão em frente ao rastreador ocular de nível A1 (em conformidade ao Quadro Comum Europeu de Línguas) composto por 55 palavras sobre o tema comida e 2) um teste de compreensão. Participaram 15 informantes e estão classificados em Iniciantes A1, tendo 60 horas aula de curso de alemão, e Intermediários A2, com 250 horas aula de alemão. O objetivo desta pesquisa é verificar a diferença de processamento de leitura entre esses dois grupos. Estudou-se os dados dos movimentos oculares quanto à quantidade de média de tempo de fixações, pois este está para o processamento da compreensão, uma vez que os movimentos motores requerem tempo para planejamento e execução (Rayner, 2013). Os resultados indicam que, embora o teste de compreensão tenha evidenciado níveis similares, os scores dos movimentos oculares indicam diferenças entre os grupos: a) os alunos do Grupo A1 realizam mais sacadas e fixações, b) os alunos do Grupo A1 processam o texto a nível de palavra, enquanto do Grupo A2 usam mais o contexto, c) os alunos do Grupo A2 recorrem mais a imagem para compreender o texto. Resultados dessa pesquisa podem ser úteis para aprimorar testes de nivelamento, que são exigência de entidades de fomento à pesquisa.Palavras-chave: Leitura; língua estrangeira; língua alemã; movimentos oculares.
A INFLUÊNCIA DO PRIMING GRAFO-FÔNICO-FONOLÓGICO EM UMA TAREFA DE DECISÃO LEXICAL EM MULTILÍNGUES FALANTES DE PORTUGUÊS (L1), INGLÊS (L2) E FRANCÊS (L3)
Authors: Duarte Aline Behling , Blank Cintia Ávila
Published: March 2020

Este artigo discute a influência do priming grafo-fônico-fonológico na execução de uma tarefa de decisão lexical realizada por multilíngues. Nesse sentido, buscou-se verificar se semelhanças grafo-fônico-fonológicas entre palavras das línguas estudadas (português, inglês e francês) influenciariam o tempo de reação na tarefa. Com o auxílio do software E-Prime 2.0, foi elaborado um experimento que contou com 90 pares de palavras, das quais metade apresentava supostas semelhanças grafo-fônico-fonológicas entre si, enquanto a outra metade não apresentava tais similaridades. Considerando a Hipótese de Seleção Não-Específica (CONKLIN; MAUNER, 2005), defendeu-se que as supostas semelhanças grafo-fônico-fonológicas entre as línguas promoveriam a ativação de correspondências grafo-fônico-fonológicas distintas, acarretando uma maior competição lexical entre os itens investigados, evidenciada no aumento dos tempos de reação (MACWHINNEY, 2005). Os resultados encontrados indicaram que os tempos de reação foram maiores para os itens que apresentavam as semelhanças grafo-fônico-fonológicas entre prime e palavra-alvo, o que parece apontar para uma possível influência dos níveis de proficiência em cada uma das línguas dos participantes nesses resultados.Palavras-chave: Acesso lexical; priming; influência grafo-fônico-fonológica; multilinguismo; níveis de proficiência.
BILÍNGUES E BILINGUISMOS: UMA TAREFA DE LEITURA E COMPREENSÃO DE TEXTO COMO ALTERNATIVA DE AFERIÇÃO DE PROFICIÊNCIA LINGUÍSTICA E FLUÊNCIA ORAL GLOBAL EM LÍNGUA INGLESA
Authors: De Santana Joelton Duarte , Weissheimer Janaina
Published: March 2020

Ao presente artigo interessou analisar como uma tarefa de leitura e compreensão de texto (ANEMA, 2008), pode ser considerada como critério de proficiência linguística (SEGALOWITZ, 2010; TAVAKOLI, 2011), em experimentos envolvendo sujeitos bilíngues. A literatura tem sugerido que grande maioria dos testes empregados para aferir proficiência linguística de sujeitos bilíngues, assim o é, a partir de critérios e parâmetros monolíngues, sobretudo aqueles que priorizam e enfatizam aspectos estritamente gramaticais. Nesta feita, após aplicar o teste de proficiência VLT (Vocabulary Level Test), nos moldes de Nation (1990), com sujeitos bilíngues brasileiros, comparamos o desempenho obtido pelos sujeitos investigados com um método alternativo de leitura e compreensão de textos. Após análise de dados, foi possível perceber que o número de palavras lidas e o tempo de leitura instituem-se igualmente estratégia válida para aferição de proficiência linguística em língua, uma vez que não houve diferença significativa entre os desempenhos apresentados em ambos os testes, VLT e Teste de Leitura, pelos sujeitos bilíngues brasileiros investigados, quando agrupados nos níveis básico, intermediário e avançado, se comparados aos seus pares, bilíngues nativos, bilíngues tardios e nativos monolíngues, recrutados no exterior. O presente artigo reforça a necessidade de, em estudos envolvendo bilíngues e bilinguismos, considerá-los como seres holísticos e multicompetentes (GROSJEAN, 2010; 2013; COOK, 2016).Palavras-chaves: Proficiência linguística; língua inglesa; bilíngues e bilinguismo.
HISTÓRIAS LINGUÍSTICAS DE SURDOS BILÍNGUES DO PAR LIBRAS-PORTUGUÊS
Authors: Silva Giselli Mara
Published: March 2020

Uma das características de bilíngues é a diversidade de perfis de proficiência e uso das línguas, o que se acentua no caso de surdos, já que as condições de acesso e exposição às línguas são bastante heterogêneas (GROSJEAN, 2008). Essas condições de acesso e exposição às línguas estão ligadas a inúmeros fatores, tais como as questões biológicas que cercam a surdez e as condições sociais, linguísticas e educacionais da pessoa surda. Considerando essa diversidade de perfis, o objetivo deste trabalho é fazer uma descrição de surdos bilíngues do par Libras-português no tocante a aspectos de sua história linguística e seus perfis de proficiência em Libras. A pesquisa baseia-se numa visão de bilinguismo pautada no uso das línguas (GROSJEAN, 2008, por exemplo), bem como em trabalhos sobre o bilinguismo dos surdos (MAYBERRY, 2007; PLAZA-PUST, 2012, 2014, entre outros). O estudo envolveu a aplicação de um questionário on-line para 117 surdos. A análise dos dados aponta que a maioria dos participantes da pesquisa é composta de surdos pré-linguais, pessoas com surdez severa ou profunda e confirma a altíssima variação na idade de contato com a Libras. Os principais contextos de aquisição da língua de sinais foram a escola, seguida das associações e cursos de Libras.  A maioria dos participantes tem mais de 7 anos de contato com a comunidade surda. A maioria declarou ótimas habilidades de uso da Libras, com notas de 9 a 10 nas habilidades de sinalizar e compreender a sinalização. O artigo discute implicações da pesquisa para a definição de políticas linguísticas e a necessidade de construção de instrumentos de avaliação objetiva da proficiência em Libras.Palavras-chave: Bilinguismo dos surdos; histórias linguísticas; idade de aquisição; proficiência em língua de sinais; questionário linguístico.
Treatment of Giant Left Atrial Diverticulum: A Case Report and Literature Review
Authors: Li Hongmu , Yan Sunang , Liu Haibo
Published: March 2020

In this paper, we present a giant left atrial diverticulum (LAD) in a 10-year-old girl, whose three-dimensional (3D) image reconstruction was used to help diagnosis and surgical positioning. Previously reported cases were reviewed, and the clinical characteristics of this disease also was summarized to improve the diagnosis and treatment of LAD.
СТРАТЕГІЧНІ ОРІЄНТИРИ ПОЛІТИКИ ІМПОРТОЗАМІЩЕННЯ В УКРАЇНІ: РЕГІОНАЛЬНІ ОСОБЛИВОСТІ ТА АСПЕКТИ ЕКОНОМІЧНОЇ БЕЗПЕКИ
Authors: ВАСИЛЬЦІВ Тарас , ЛУПАК Руслан
Published: March 2020

Розглянуто сутнісно-змістові характеристики імпортозаміщення, зокрема, з урахуванням регіональної специфіки та зорієнтованості на економічну безпеку держави. Виділено протекціоністський і ліберальний погляди на політику імпортозаміщення. Зроблено висновок, що регіональна політика імпортозаміщення є окремим невід’ємним напрямом державної політики, що реалізується з метою подолання системних ризиків і загроз імпортозалежності внутрішньорегіонального та локальних ринків і реалізується із застосуванням комплексу механізмів, інструментів і заходів, доступних, найбільш прийнятних та ефективних на регіональному рівні. Значна роль відводиться узагальненню світового досвіду державного регулювання імпортозаміщення, що особливо важливо у контексті формування та реалізації в Україні державної політики у цій сфері.Результати аналізу підтвердили високий рівень імпортозалежності внутрішнього ринку України та виражені тенденції до її посилення і зростання загроз економічній безпеці держави. Здійснено оцінку та виявлено особливості імпортозалежності за регіонами, що засвідчило надмірну територіально-просторову диференціацію та високу критичність масштабів і тенденцій внутрішньорегіонального споживання імпортних товарів в Україні. Високий рівень імпортозалежності притаманний усім регіонам держави, адже частка імпорту у внутрішньому споживанні перевищила критичне значення у 13 регіонах, середньодержавне – у шести, перебувала в межах оптимального значення – у трьох.Показана системність проблеми імпортозаміщення передбачає необхідність вироблення стратегії державної політики у цій сфері, зокрема, з урахуванням регіональних особливостей. На основі попереднього групування регіонів України за характеристиками імпортної залежності та потенціалу її протидії запропоновано стратегічні рішення щодо політики протидії імпортозалежності, розвитку внутрішнього ринку та зміцнення економічної безпеки держави.
КОНЦЕПТУАЛЬНІ ЗАСАДИ РОЗРОБЛЕННЯ ПАКЕТА ФІСКАЛЬНИХ ПРАВИЛ ДЛЯ УКРАЇНИ
Authors: КУДРЯШОВ Василь
Published: March 2020

Фіскальні правила віднесено до одного з провідних механізмів управління державними фінансами, який перебуває в процесі модернізації. Їх використання має велике значення в більшості країн і спрямовується на підвищення фіскальної відповідальності урядів, посилення контролю за проведенням фіскальної політики з боку незалежних інституцій, а також наднаціональних органів, розширення транспарентності бюджетних операцій. Зроблено висновок, що з метою підвищення якості фіскальної політики Україна потребує впровадження фіскальних правил. Вони мають ураховувати досвід зарубіжних держав та особливості розвитку нашої країни. Цілий ряд стратегічних документів, прийнятих в Україні, спрямовано на застосування фіскальних правил, проте їх упровадження гальмується. Необхідними визнано розширення та уточнення вітчизняних фіскальних правил (з урахуванням досвіду їх оновлення в ЄС та особливостей управління державними фінансами в Україні). Фіскальні правила потрібно перетворити на працюючі шляхом установлення порядку застосування у практичній діяльності, регламентування повноважень і зобов’язань учасників їх проведення, затвердження процедур імплементації в бюджетних процесах.Окремі прийняті положення щодо обмежень фіскальної політики є лише першими кроками впровадження фіскальних правил у нашій країні. Їх використання передбачає розроблення та імплементацію цілого комплексу законодавчих актів, внесення змін до механізмів державного управління та бюджетних процедур. Застосування фіскальних правил потребує чіткого визначення цілей і завдань фіскальної політики на середньо- та довгострокові періоди, виключає допущення різких змін інфляції та валютного курсу, утримання високого рівня бюджетної централізації й тиску програм фінансування на субсектори державного управління. Внесення обмежень, спрямованих на проведення фіскальної консолідації, не повинно шкодити економічному зростанню та підтримці фінансової стабільності. Запропоновано запровадити в Україні чотири фіскальних правила. При цьому їх застосування має здійснюватися поетапно, з урахуванням формування необхідної інфраструктури, нормативно-правового забезпечення, прийняття належних процедур і поступового перенесення на всі субсектори державного управління.
ОСОБЛИВОСТІ ФУНКЦІОНУВАННЯ СОЦІОГУМАНІТАРНОГО ПРОСТОРУ В УМОВАХ ДЕЦЕНТРАЛІЗОВАНОГО УПРАВЛІННЯ: ДОСВІД ПОЛЬЩІ ТА УРОКИ ДЛЯ УКРАЇНИ
Authors: БУТКО Микола , РЕВКО Альона
Published: March 2020

Розкрито, що сучасна стратегія сталого розвитку України має передбачати розбудову національно консолідованого, духовно-інтелектуального, відкрито демократичного, культурно розмаїтого, креативно-інформаційного суспільства, де головною домінантою виступає гармонізація соціального середовища з активними горизонтальними і вертикальними зв’язками, які базуються на всебічно вивіреному інституціональному забезпеченні. Метою такої стратегії, з урахуванням втрати значної частини економічного потенціалу, трагічних жертв і міграції з Криму і Сходу України, є забезпечення національної ідентичності, історичної соборності, всебічної самореалізації, соціалізації та гідного рівня життя, безпеки, формування інноваційно динамічної економіки і системи вітчизняної освіти, науки, культури, медицини, фізичної культури і спорту, відпочинку, інформаційної інтеграції української нації у цивілізований світ. Метою даної статті є дослідження особливостей прояву соціогуманітарного простору на сталий розвиток регіонів України та розробка просторової моделі організації соціальної інфраструктури в умовах децентралізованого управління на основі досвіду Польщі. Визначено структурно функціональну та просторово регулюючу компоненти соціогуманітарного простору. Встановлено, що заклади та інститути соціальної інфраструктури характеризуються диверсифікованими властивостями, які є базою для визначення просторової моделі організації соціальної інфраструктури. Ця модель залежить від взаємозв’язку інфраструктурних закладів з простором, що обслуговується, а також від кількості та структури населення цього простору. Показано, що на основі польського досвіду розроблено просторову модель організації соціальної інфраструктури соціогуманітарного простору України, яка базується на чіткому розмежуванні завдань, обов’язків і відповідальності між органами центральної влади та місцевого самоврядування. Визначено вектори модернізації соціальної інфраструктури соціогуманітарного простору регіонів України.
Membaca Ulang Konsep Jihad dalam Al-Qur’an: Usaha Merevitalisasi Islam Rahmat
Authors: Darmawan Darmawan
Published: March 2020

This paper discusses about re-reading the concept of jihad in the Quran, and focuses on investigating its ethical and practical aspects, followed by the explanation of hadith and books of tafseer dhahiri and bathini.  It is starting from several reasons; one of which is the emergence of radicalism that carries the doctrine of jihad. To know the meaning of jihad and variety of jihad and its purposed object in the Quran, the verses meaning and correlating with the study of jihad will be united and analyzed by using thematic (maudhui) theory. Having concluded, Jihad in the Quran is struggling unstoppably by sacrificing all of things that a servant has until reaching the struggled goals: struggling by soul, wealth, or everything that a servant has, with the intention to get the acceptance (ridha) of God (Allah). Having founded, the verses’ talking about jihad do not clearly mention their objects. There are only two objects that are mentioned clearly:  battling the unbelievers and hypocrites, but It does not mean, the only two objects that must be faced. By concerning other verses’ that do not mention their objects are much more than the verses’ that mention their objects, This means that Jihad must be not interpreted for only battling the unbelievers and hypocrites. However, it signs that jihad can be applied to all of the human’s activities keeping founded on Islamic doctrines which are dominated by mercies.
Epistemologi dan Pengembangan Ilmu Pengetahuan
Authors: Pari Fariz
Published: March 2020

This article wants to show that science based on positivism contains many weaknesses, which are proven by critics of positivism from Western philosophers, such as Karl Popper, Thomas Kuhn, Feyerabend and Rorty. The reaction of these figures placed them in a post-positivism flow, a movement of resistance to positivism in various domains ranging from ontology, epistemology to methodology. Thus, Islam can be an alternative offer to develop science.
Epistimologi Pendidikan Seks dalam al-Quran
Authors: Hasan Hamka
Published: March 2020

The characteristics of sex education in the Qur’an are preventive, universal, realistic-accurate. Preventive because the Qur’an has warned from the beginning to avoid negative sex so as not to fall into the humiliation as it has befalling the past. Universal because the Qur’an explains thoroughly all the problems about sex from before someone was born until he died. Realistic because the Qur’an recognizes that sex cannot be separated from human problems. The method of writing this paper is the Mawḍū’ī Interpretation (thematic) by identifying the verses of the Qur’an related to the theme. The purpose of writing this paper is to explain to the reader the concept of the Qur’an about sex education. To realize this goal, this paper outlines the meaning, purpose, object, phase, benefits of sex education in the Qur’an. The steps of the research are: identifying sexual problems that exist in society, then linking with the values contained in the Qur’an.
Relevansi Diskursus Kesetaraan Jender Pada Pemikir Muslim Indonesia di Era Post-Reformasi
Authors: Azizy Jauhar , Sairi Muhammad
Published: March 2020

This article will decipher a re-reading of the Qur’anic verses on gender equality that arestill understood by gender bias, especially women bias. The authors see that there are still many behaviors and thoughts that lead to gender bias, especially women bias. The re-readings of Islamic doctrines, especially those of the Qur’an and ḥadīth, are important as a counterweight to gender biased understandings, especially those those found in classical religious texts. The conclusions of this article emphasize that Islam recognizes gender equality between men and women, especially in termsof role and public domain. Men and women have the same opportunity and potential as God’s representatives (khalifatullāh) of the earth who govern and manage the earth’s resources. Only spiritual aspects (piety) distinguish them as human beings in the presence of Allah swt.