bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Theoretical assessment of the ability of the MicroCarb satellite city-scan observing mode to estimate urban CO2 emissions
Authors: Wu Kai , Palmer Paul I. , Wu Dien , Jouglet Denis , Feng Liang , Oda Tom
Published: September 2022

Abstract. We assess the theoretical capability of the upcoming French-UK MicroCarb satellite, which has a city-scan observing mode, to determine integrated urban emissions of carbon dioxide (CO2). To achieve this we report results from a series of closed-loop numerical experiments that use an atmospheric transport model with anthropogenic and biogenic fluxes to determine the corresponding changes in atmospheric CO2 column, accounting for changes in measurement coverage due to clouds loading. We use a Maximum A Posteriori inverse method to infer the CO2 fluxes based on the measurements and the a priori information. Using an urban CO2 inversion system, we explore the relative performance of alternative two-sweep and three-sweep city observing strategies to quantify CO2 emissions over the cities of Paris and London in different months when biospheric fluxes vary in magnitude. We find that both the two-sweep and three-sweep observing modes are able to reduce a priori flux errors by 20–40 % over Paris and London. The three-sweep observing strategy, which generally outperforms the two-sweep mode, can retrieve the total emissions of the truth within 7 % over Paris and 21 % over London, by virtue of its wider scan area that typically yields more cloud-free scenes. The performance of the limited-domain city-mode observing strategies is sensitive to cloud coverage and particularly sensitive to the prevailing wind direction. We also find that seasonal photosynthetic uptake of CO2 by the urban biosphere weakens atmospheric CO2 gradients across both cities thereby reducing the sensitivity of urban CO2 enhancements and subsequently compromising the ability of MicroCarb to estimate urban CO2 emissions. This suggests that additional trace gases co-emitted with anthropogenic CO2 emissions, but unaffected by the land biosphere, are needed to quantify sub-city scale CO2 emissions during months when the urban biosphere is particularly active.
Surging glaciers in High Mountain Asia between 1986 and 2021
Authors: Sun Meiping , Zhou Sugang , Yao Xiaojun , Duan Hongyu , Zhang Yuan
Published: September 2022

Abstract. High Mountain Asia (HMA) is one of the main distribution areas of surging glaciers in the world. The glacier change represented by the Karakoram anomaly has been a topic of wide concern. Surging glaciers not only reshape the peri-glacial landscape, but may also directly or indirectly lead to disasters. Therefore, it is of great importance to understand the distribution characteristics, periodic laws, and occurrence mechanisms of surging glaciers. Based on Landsat TM/ETM+/OLI remote sensing images from 1986–2021, a total of 244 surging glaciers in HMA were identified, covering an area of 10974.25 km2, accounting for 11.25 % of the total area of glaciers in HMA. The Karakoram Range and Pamirs are the main mountain/plateau where 185 surging glaciers are more highly concentrated. Three basins, including Amu Darya, Tarim and Indus, have 208 surging glaciers comprising 85.25 % of the total amount of surging glaciers in HMA, covering an area of 10096.89 km2. From 1986–2021, these surging glaciers advanced at least 2802 times, and exhibited different temporal and spatial trends. Obvious differences exist in the surge phase and the quiescent phase of glaciers in different regions of HMA. The surge phase of surging glaciers in the Karakoram Range and Pamirs is generally short, mostly between 2~6a, the quiescent phase is 5~19a, and the surging period is 9~24a. The mechanism of surging glaciers in HMA is more complex, which is different from Svalbard and Alaska glaciers.
On the ocean's response to enhanced Greenland runoff in model experiments: relevance of mesoscale dynamics and atmospheric coupling
Authors: Martin Torge , Biastoch Arne
Published: September 2022

Abstract. Increasing Greenland Ice Sheet–melting is anticipated to impact watermass transformation in the subpolar North Atlantic and ultimately the meridional overturning circulation. Complex ocean and climate models are widely applied to predict magnitude and timing of related impacts under projected future climate. We discuss the role of the ocean mean state, subpolar gyre circulation, mesoscale eddies and atmospheric coupling in shaping the response of the subpolar North Atlantic Ocean to enhanced Greenland runoff. In a suite of eight dedicated 60 to 100-year long model experiments with and without atmospheric coupling, with eddy processes parameterized and explicitly simulated, with regular and significantly enlarged Greenland runoff, we find (1) a major impact by the interactive atmosphere in enabling a compensating temperature feedback, (2) a non-negligible influence by the ocean mean state biased towards greater stability in the coupled simulations, both of which making the Atlantic Merdional Overturning Circulation less susceptible to the freshwater perturbation applied, and (3) a more even spreading of the runoff tracer in the subpolar North Atlantic and enhanced inter-gyre exchange with the subtropics in the strongly eddying simulations. Overall, our experiments demonstrate the important role of mesoscale ocean dynamics and atmosphere feedbacks in projections of the climate system response to enhanced Greenland Ice Sheet–melting and hence underline the necessity to advance scale-aware eddy parameterizations for next-generation climate models.
Global soil moisture storage capacity at 0.5° resolution for geoscientific modelling
Authors: Xie Kang , Liu Pan , Xia Qian , Li Xiao , Liu Weibo , Zhang Xiaojing , Cheng Lei , Wang Guoqing , Zhang Jianyun
Published: September 2022

Abstract. Soil moisture storage capacity (SMSC) links the atmosphere and terrestrial ecosystems, which is required as spatial parameters for geoscientific models. However, there are currently no available common datasets of the SMSC on a global scale, especially for hydrological models since conventional evapotranspiration-derived estimates cannot represent the extra storage capacity for the lateral flow and runoff generation. Here, we produce a dataset of the SMSC parameter for global hydrological models. Joint parameter calibration of three commonly used monthly water balance models provides the labels for a deep residual network. The global SMSC is constructed based on the deep residual network at 0.5° resolution by integrating 15 types of meteorological forcings, underlying surface properties, and runoff data. SMSC products are validated with the spatial distribution against root zone depth datasets and validated in the simulation efficiency on global grids and typical catchments from different climatic regions. We provide the global SMSC parameter dataset as a benchmark for geoscientific modelling by users.
Weekly to monthly terminus variability of Greenland’s marine-terminating outlet glaciers
Authors: Black Taryn E. , Joughin Ian
Published: September 2022

Abstract. Earlier studies have shown that seasonal terminus-position variability is superimposed on multi-decadal trends of glacier retreat. To characterize this seasonal variability, we manually digitized terminus positions for 219 marine-terminating glaciers in Greenland from January 2015 through December 2021 using Sentinel-1 SAR mosaics. We digitized at a monthly frequency for 199 glaciers and at a six-day frequency for 20 glaciers. We found that nearly 75 % of glacier termini in Greenland vary significantly on a seasonal basis. For these seasonally-varying glaciers, on average, seasonal retreat typically begins in mid-May, and seasonal advance generally commences in early October. The timing of the initiation of the retreat period may be related to the timing of the onset of ice-sheet surface melt. The rate of retreat events peaks in late summer and reaches a minimum in late winter and early spring. The median magnitude of terminus-position seasonality, the difference between glacier length at the dates of peak advance and retreat, is about 220 m. We find a stronger correlation between this magnitude and glacier velocity than between magnitude and glacier width. Terminus-position seasonality can influence longer-term glacier dynamics and, consequently, ice-sheet mass balance. This study contributes to our understanding of terminus-position seasonality for individual glaciers and collectively for glaciers around the entire Greenland Ice Sheet.
Analytical Method Development and Validation of Teriflunomide Active Pharmaceutical Ingredient by RP-UHPLC
Authors: Maruti Kashid Arun , Prakash Polshettiwar Pranali , Maruti Bhosale Kshitija
Published: September 2022

Drug analysis is crucial in the discovery, production, and therapeutic use of pharmaceuticals. Standard analytical procedures for newer medications or formulations may not be available in Pharmacopoeias; thus, newer analytical methods that are accurate, precise, specific, linear, simple, and rapid must be developed. A rapid, simple, sensitive, precise, and cost-effective RP-UHPLC method was developed and validated for the determination of Teriflunomide Active Pharmaceutical Ingredient (API) in this study. The method involved determination of Teriflunomide by resolving on RP-UHPLC using Sunniest C18 (250mm × 4.6mm, 5μm) column, utilizing a mobile phase of ACN: Water in the ratio of 60:40 v/v. The mobile phase was delivered with an isocratic flow rate of 1.0ml/minute. Ultra violet detection was carried out at 210nm. The retention time was optimized to 4. 4 minutes. The linearity range of Teriflunomide 35 to 247µg/ml was found to obey linearity with a correlation coefficient of 0.999. The LOD and LOQ were found to be 1.61µg/ml and 4.90µg/ml respectively and precision data was found to be <2 %RSD. The percentage recovery range was found to be satisfied which is represented in the results. The robustness studies were performed by changing the flow rate and mobile phase compositions. The method was validated for system suitability, specificity, linearity, precision, accuracy, Limit of Detection, Limit of Quantification and robustness. The developed method can be applied for the quality control of commercial teriflunomide API.
Microwave Generated Bionanocomposites for Solubility and Dissolution Enhancement of Poorly Water Soluble Drug
Authors: Suxam Suxam , Bharti Nitan , Sharma Pooja , kumari Neha
Published: September 2022

Drugs that shows complete oral absorption and good bioavailability are soluble in gastrointestinal tract or vice versa. Objective and Method: To enhance the solubility and dissolution of poorly water soluble drug itraconazole. Technique used- Microwave generated bionanocomposites technique. Carriers- Chitosan, β- cyclodextrin and Poly vinyl pyrolidine. Result and Conclusion: The prepared bionanocomposites was evaluated by UV spectroscopy, XRD study, In vitro drug release study and TEM. The results shows that in vitro data obtained for bionanocomposites of itraconazole showed increase solubility in phosphate buffer having pH= 6.8 and the method of preparation of itraconazole found to be simple, reproducible, provide good solubility and drug content. Also it is obtained that there was maximum 23 fold increase in solubility when Poly vinyl pyrolidine used as a carrier in 1:4 and hence considered as effective carrier for crystallization of itraconazole.
Depression
Authors: Meehan Zachary M. , Shaffer Fred , Zerr Christopher L.
Published: September 2022

The purpose of this article is to review the evidence for the efficacy of treating major depressive disorder with neurofeedback using an electroencephalogram (EEG) and/or functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI), as well as with biofeedback using electromyography (EMG) and heart rate variability (HRV). We summarized 33 peer-reviewed manuscripts reporting on the efficacy of one or more of these protocols, organized by randomized control trials (RCTs), quasi-experimental designs, and case studies of various designs. We evaluated these manuscripts by mapping them onto the “Template for Developing Guidelines for the Evaluation of Clinical Efficacy of Psychophysiological Interventions” (LaVaque et al., 2002). In summary, at least two RCTs have shown that both neurofeedback and biofeedback are superior to bona fide treatments in treating participants diagnosed with major depressive disorder. As such, both neurofeedback and biofeedback meet the LaVaque and colleagues' criteria for Level 5 – Efficacious and Specific. The details for efficacy are discussed within the context of the protocols, participant characteristics, and study design.
Peculiarly Interesting Disinterestedness
Authors: Berman Nadav S.
Published: September 2022

This article reconsiders a specific mishnah—Avot 5:16—which praises a disinterested love, while denouncing expressions of interested love. By referring to the alleged “love” of Amnon and Tamar, Avot 5:16 equates sexuality and interestedness with incest and rape. This exegetical choice is surprising, given the pro-natal and “carnal” trajectory of biblical and talmudic traditions, which can be described as proto-pragmatist in this regard. The paper opens by defining pragmatic interestedness vis-à-vis disinterestedness, while reviewing the prevalence of disinterestedness in modern philosophy. Section 2 examines mishnah Avot 5:16 and its advocacy of disinterested ethic, while suggesting its ideational affiliation with Platonic love and with the Christian Agape. Section 3 argues that within normative-laden Jewish tradition, as well as in classical American pragmatism, we find an embodied and integrative philosophical anthropology (or pragmatic interestedness), which deeply challenges the disinterestedness paradigm of Avot 5:16. Section 4 concludes with some reflections on the relevance of this study for the research of Jewish thought and the Humanities.
Technical Note 2 - Legal aspects of water reuse serving as a guideline for institutionalizing this practice in Brazil
Authors: Santos Ana Silvia Pereira , Lima Maíra Araújo de Mendonça
Published: September 2022

The water reuse is an important tool for the management and planning of water resources, which can be considered as an alternative source in the regional water matrices. However, despite the general evolution of regulations on water reuse in Brazil and worldwide, the country currently has an unsatisfactory legal basis for systematizing the practice. Considering the establishment of water quality standards for different types of reuse, Brazil has established at the federal level, the non-mandatory document of the Interáguas Program and, on a sub-federal level, mandatory documents in some states. The main raised aspects for the elaboration of a water reuse regulation are: the approach of reuse typologies in line with standards compatible with wastewater treatment technologies upon a wide engineering domain and the payment capacity of users in the national territory, licensing tools, microbiological risk assessment, establishment of a trust environment between the stakeholders, and, the elaboration of a visual identity for the equipment and vehicles related to reuse. This technical note presents guidelines and criteria for water reuse in Brazil, as well as the main milestones concerning the water reuse regulation in the world and in Brazil.
Technical Note 3 - Agriculture use: Conditions of applicability of effluent from sewage treatment plants
Authors: Marques Marcus Vinicius Araújo , Chamhum-Silva Lucas de Almeida , Matos Antônio Teixeira de , Bomfim Nathália Felix , Barros Kenia Kelly , Bastos Rafael Kopschitz Xavier , Kato Mario Takayuki
Published: September 2022

The effluent from sewage treatment plants (STPs) used in fertigation is a source of nutrients for plants, reducing mineral fertilizers applied to agricultural crops, and partially supplying the water demanded by the plants. The use of this effluent in agroforestry is also favoured because of its availability all year long, especially in cities with sewage treatment systems. Some criteria, hould be considered when using effluent from STP in crops, such as: type of plant that will be used, method of application, physicochemical and biological characteristics of the effluent, as well as the doses to be applied. Such criteria are covered in this technical note. The potential use of the effluent in the agroforestry segment is illustrated by some experiments using different treatment levels. In these experiments, the effects on the productivity of the essential oil extracted from coriander seeds and on the productivity of forage (elephant grass), by using different methods of fertigation, were evaluated.
Technical Note 5 - High-rate algal ponds as viable option for the sewage treatment in Brazilian context
Authors: Rosa-Machado Alcino Trindade , Vassalle Lucas , Torres-Franco Andrés Felipe , Santos Maria de Lourdes Florêncio dos , Mota Cesar Rossas
Published: September 2022

The wide use of anaerobic sludge blanket reactors in Brazil contributes to reducing the deficit in wastewater treatment in the country. However, these reactors do not efficiently remove nutrients and pathogens, being often necessary to use a post-treatment step to comply with current legislations. High-rate algal ponds (HRAP) have emerged as a sustainable option for post-treatment of UASB effluents, as they combine the removal of residual organic matter and other compounds with the production of algal biomass, at low operating costs when compared to other technologies. Algal biomass can be used to produce bioproducts, such as biogas, animal feed and fertilizers. HRAP also remove pathogens, producing effluent suitable for reuse, in addition to requiring less area, when compared to conventional stabilization pond systems. Thus, this technical note addresses the main aspects for the design of HRAP for the treatment of and resource recovery from sewage.
BIOHYDROGEN PRODUCTION – AN OVERVIEW ON THE FACTORS AFFECTING, MICROBES AND ENZYMES INVOLVED
Authors: MAMAN MERLI , SUNDARAM MEIGNANALAKSHMI , SARATHCHANDRA GHADEVARU , KANAGARAJ VIJAYARANI , SUNDARAM SUBRAMANIAM MEENAKSHI
Published: September 2022

Hydrogen is the lightest element and is an excellent energy carrier due to high energy intensity. Hydrogen can be produced in a number of ways like physical, chemical and biological methods. Since the physical and chemical method of hydrogen production is energy intensive, research is currently concentrated on the biological methods. Among the biological method dark fermentation has gained greater attention because of its independence to light and the ability to use various substrates for fermentation. In this review, there is detailed information about biohydrogen production by dark fermentation using microorganisms including, the hydrogen producing anaerobic and facultative anaerobic bacteria, the enzymes involved, the factors affecting the process such as temperature, pH, substrates, hydraulic retention time and hydrogen partial pressure. Also a brief discussion about the metabolic engineering aspects in biohydrogen production and a note on microbial electrolysis cell has been discussed.
PURIFICATION AND CHARACTERIZATION OF LACCASE FROM ARTHROGRAPHIS KSF2
Authors: DEVASIA SHEENA , JAYAKUMARAN NAIR A.
Published: September 2022

Laccases are blue copper oxidases (E.C. 1.10.3.2 benzenediol: oxygen oxidoreductase) that catalyze the one-electron oxidation of phenolics, aromatic amines, and other electron-rich substrates with the concomitant reduction of O2 to H2O. They are currently seen as highly interesting industrial enzymes because of their broad substrate specificity. An ascomycetes strain, Arthrographis KSF2 was isolated and enzyme was purified and characterized. Laccase activity was determined using ABTS as substrate. Laccase was purified by ion-exchange and gel filtration chromatography. The purified laccase showed a molecular weight of 55 kDa and pI of 5.5 when analyzed by 2-D PAGE. The purified enzyme was even stable at pH 11 and it was observed that there was 74.4% retention of activity at pH 11 after 24hrs. The K(m) and V(max) values are 15 (Î¼M) and 21.9 (Î¼mol/min), respectively, with ABTS as substrate. The effect of 5mM metal ions such as Mn2+, Mg2+, Na+, Ca2+, Fe2+, Zn2+ and Cu2+ was estimated after incubating the enzyme with the metal ion for 5 min. It was observed that FeCl3 inhibited the laccase activity to the maximum (70.5%) whereas the enzyme was least inhibited by MnSO4 (21%). It was observed that even CuSO4 inhibited the laccase activity in 5 mM concentration. There was 100% denaturation by 1% SDS in 10 min whereas only 8% denaturation was observed by Tween 20. Tween 80 denatured 21% enzyme and Triton X 100 denatured 25% of the total enzyme. The purified laccase on UV-Vis analysis did not show the characteristic laccase peak at 600 nm and so it was confirmed as a typical yellow laccase.
Integrating Local Wisdom-Based Learning To Preparing The Pancasila Students’ Profile, Yes or No?
Authors: Saphira Hanandita Veda
Published: September 2022

The integration of local wisdom in the field of education has become a hot topic in Indonesia. Hence, there is an opportunity for the implementation of local wisdom in learning. This research is a type of qualitative research with data collection techniques using the library research method. This study aimed to find the implementation of local wisdom in learning through a literature review. The results findings show that there are some benefits of integrating local wisdom based in School, especially to equip the elements of profile Pancasila characteristic in classes. The chance of using local wisdom based in school is also still wide open due to much research on the exploration of local wisdom still not being conducted in class yet, and some of them still need improvement and development. Furthermore, the implications of this research tend to convenience further research to do an improvement and development of using local wisdom based on learning context. Some exploration might be can interfere with by any model of learning or approach or methods, to increase students' profile Pancasila.
Analysis of the Application of Blended Learning Models in Physics Learning During the COVID-19 Pandemic
Authors: Kirana Aureola Arzak
Published: September 2022

This research was carried out to analyze physics learning using a blended learning model during the COVID-19 pandemic in Indonesia. The method used in this study is the literature study method. A literature study is a type of research used in collecting data and information by collecting and reviewing various references. This study examined as many as 30 journals and articles both nationally and internationally that are valid and accountable. The journals and articles used are published in 2018-2022. Researchers collect data and proceed to the stage of concluding the results of qualitative research.  Based on the results of studies and analyses that have been carried out, it can be concluded that: (1) The application of the blended learning model to physics learning is declared valid, practical, and effective as an alternative to learning during the COVID-19 pandemic, (2) The blended learning model can improve students' critical thinking skills and creative thinking abilities, (3) Students tend to ignore academic and social aspects.
Analysis of The Application of The STEAM Approach to Learning In Indonesia: Contributions to Physics Education
Authors: Bin Amiruddin Mohd Zaidi , Magfiroh Dhela Rochmatul , Savitri Irma , Binti Rahman Sitti Maizatul Iqma
Published: September 2022

Optimizing the learning process in achieving student development requires a special strategy in learning. The strategy can be run by applying the STEAM learning model. The STEAM learning process is expected to prepare the next generation to be ready to face the times, helping to develop innovations in life. The purpose of this study was to analyze the application of STEAM learning in Indonesia, especially the contribution to physics education. The method used in this paper is descriptive qualitative through the study of relevant literature with the objectives of the research conducted. The result of this study is that STEAM can be integrated into various learning subjects and levels of education. In addition, the application of STEAM can help develop the skills of students in the 21st century along with technological developments and increasing demands in modern times. In physics learning, the implementation of STEAM can make students actively involved in the teaching and learning process of physics. Students will be involved in ongoing learning and will assist students in finding solutions to the problems given. This has a positive impact because it can improve creative, critical thinking skills and make it easier for students to understand concepts. The implementation of STEAM in international education is very good, for STEAM learning in Indonesia is still lacking. This is because in implementing STEAM learning, you must have special skills to teach it. Thus, it is very important to develop STEAM starting from human resources and appropriate learning materials.
Top 100 Cited Research of Confirmatory Factor Analysis (CFA) in Education From 2012 to 2021
Authors: Pristianti Mila Candra
Published: September 2022

The aim of this research is to analyze the trends and future research opportunities related to confirmatory factor analysis in education. This research uses a descriptive bibliometric analysis and literature review to determine research trends. The data in this research used the Scopus database during 2012-2021. Data in form .CSV was analyzed using Ms. Excel and data in form .RIS was analyzed using VOSviewer. The conclusion from this research are the trend of research on this topic has increased every year in the last ten years. The most widely used keyword is confirmatory factor analysis. Research related to CFA in education has a wide and good opportunity to be carried out for several reasons including: (1) the trend shows a good graph and continues to increase; (2) the number of citations per paper per year shows a number with a high average; (3) From many studies, it is stated that CFA has a contribution in educational research. For future research, we can focus on discussing CFA in a multidisciplinary manner or discussing CFA trends in education using databases other than Scopus.
SARA VE SERAFİNA: SAVAŞA GÜNDELİK HAYATLA DİRENMEK
Authors: UĞUR Güler
Published: September 2022

20. yüzyılın en büyük soykırımlarından biri olan Saraybosna’da yaşanan soykırımı konu edinen pek çok edebî eser kaleme alınmıştır. Bu edebî eserler Saraybosna’daki katliamı toplumsal ya da bireysel merceklerden ele alırken bir insanlık dramının öyküsünü estetik düzlemde yeniden üretmiştir. Çalışmamızda Bosnalı yazar ve eleştirmen Dzevad (Cevad) Karahasan’ın 1999 yılında yayımlanan ve Bosna Savaşı’nı konu edinen Sara ve Serafina adlı eseri incelenmiştir. 2018 yılında Türkçeye çevrilen eser hakkında Türkçe bilimsel çalışma bulunmamaktadır. Bu sebeple bu çalışmanın hem Karahasan’ın Türkiye’deki bilimsel faaliyetlerde görünürlüğünün artmasına hem de Balkanlarda üretilen çağdaş edebiyatın izlenmesine yönelik katkı sağlayacağını düşünüyoruz. Bu çalışmada eserin savaşa bakışı, savaşı bireysel deneyimler üzerinden nasıl alımladığı incelenmiş, eserde yer alan Boşnak kültürü unsurlarının metindeki görevi tartışılmıştır. Modern Boşnak edebiyatının önemli isimlerinden olan Karahasan’ın kimlik meselelerine dair tartışma zemini oluşturan metnine yerellik ve ötekilik, aidiyet ve yabancılık karşıtlıkları üzerinden ikili bir okuma yapılmıştır.
proposed model for amending tax controls in Iraq to achieve a better tax outcome
Authors: Al-Khafaji Ali Abbas Kareem , Al-Zuhairy Ali Mutashar Muhammad
Published: September 2022

The research aims to determine the impact of changes in the percentage of controls on the tax outcome. Determining the best way to formulate annual controls that reflect the most appropriate method that deals with tax rates ratios in a manner that achieves a balance between tax revenue and social justice through the distribution of the tax burden. The period was characterized by the stability of the application of annual controls at a fixed rate in terms of tax imposition and collection, and on the other hand, due to the different revenues of tax proceeds. Levels of estimation. The committee for setting annual controls should rely on specialized scientific studies when setting annual controls so that the percentages received are more and closer to accuracy, to achieve the greatest amount of achievement and to achieve social justice and at the same time increase state revenues.
Reform of government policy on the acquisition of functional literacy, numeracy and cognitive skills through the reading curriculum of primary schools
Authors:   Department of Arts Education, University of Nigeria Nsukka, Igbokwe Uchenna Lebechi , Ogbo Ann Ifechukwudebelu ,   Department of Management, University of Nigeria, Enugu Campus, Ogbonna Chimaobi Samuel ,   Department of Arts Education, University of Nigeria Nsukka, Ogbonna Ikechukwu Mathias ,   Department of Arts Education, University of Nigeria Nsukka
Published: September 2022

As part of the ongoing efforts to ensure the acquisition of functional literacy and communicative competence among primary school leavers, the present study examined the implementation of the reading component of the primary school English curriculum under the UBE scheme. The study was a descriptive survey and recruited six head teachers and sixty classroom teachers as the study sample. Five research questions were posed to guide the study and research data were collected using questionnaires and an observation checklist. Data were analysed using frequency counts and percentages. The findings of the study shed light on the status of the implementation of the reading curriculum in primary schools in Nigeria. In particular, it was found that the majority of the teachers do not always use the phonics instructional method while teaching reading, lack the required competency to use the phonics instructional method and show poor disposition towards the phonics method. It was also found that teaching materials are available, but very few of them are used by teachers in teaching reading. These findings suggest that the implementation of the reading curriculum under the present UBE scheme is faced with many challenges.
Why Biafran struggle persists: A study in conflict termination and recurrence
Authors:   Institute for Development Studies, University of Nigeria (Enugu Campus), Nsukka, Orji Nkwachukwu
Published: September 2022

This article examines the reasons for the resurgence, persistence and recent intensification of the Biafran separatist struggle in Nigeria. It argues that three key contextual issues account for the resurgence of Biafra separatism, namely identity politics, political economy, and state-society relations. While the level of feeling of exclusion and collective victimisation by the separatists explain the persistence of Biafra separatism, the current momentum and escalation of the struggle can be linked to the perceived decline in the capacity of the state and certain government actions and inactions, which have led to a rapid increase in the corps of willing agitators. To de-escalate the conflict and achieve lasting peace, the article calls for a peacebuilding programme that is anchored in social justice, where the goal is not just to stop direct violence, but to address the underlying issues that gave rise to the conflict in the first place.
Occupational prestige and basic need satisfaction at work as predictors of the pre-retirement anxiety among Nigerian university lecturers
Authors:   Department of Psychology, Faculty of the Social Sciences, University of Nigeria, Nsukka, Ujoatuonu Ikechukwu V. N , Kanu Gabriel C ,   Department of Psychology, Faculty of the Social Sciences, University of Nigeria, Nsukka, Okafor Chiedozie O. ,   Department of Psychology, Alex Ekwueme Federal University Ndufu-Alike, Ebonyi State, Nigeria, Okorie Nzoputa S. ,   Department of Psychology, Faculty of the Social Sciences, University of Nigeria, Nsukka
Published: September 2022

o build a solid knowledge base for ideas that would improve the well-being of retiring lecturers in Nigerian universities, we investigated the predictive roles of occupational prestige and basic need satisfaction at work in pre-retirement anxiety among Nigerian university lecturers. Using a purposive sampling technique, we selected 210 (males=53%; females=47%) prospective retirees to participate in the study. Their ages ranged between 60 and 70 years (M= 65; SD=4.83). Hierarchical Multiple Regression results showed that occupational prestige significantly and negatively predicted pre-retirement anxiety; basic need satisfaction at work significantly and negatively predicted pre-retirement anxiety, both of which confirm the two hypotheses of the study. The result indicated that the deteriorating occupational prestige of university lecturers, orchestrated by a lack of positive attention from the Nigerian government, triggers pre-retirement anxiety. Thus the study recommended that government should improve the satisfaction of the basic needs at work and the occupational prestige of Nigerian university lecturers, as doing so will provide clear retirement goals for Nigerian university lecturers.
Post-Green Tree Agreement implementation and its implications for Nigeria-Cameroon diplomatic relations
Authors:   Institute of African Studies, University of Nigeria, Nsukka, Enugu State, Nigeria, Ibenekwu Ikpechukwu E. , Emhenya Anthony Iyoha ,   Department of Political Science and Public Administration, Edo State University 	Uzairue, Edo State, Nigeria, Iwundu Ifeanyi E. ,   Institute of African Studies, University of Nigeria, Nsukka, Enugu State, Nigeria
Published: September 2022

Nigeria and Cameroon inherited from their colonial masters land boundaries that were not clearly defined. Many peace talks and agreements aimed at resolving the contestations could not yield fruitful results. The persistence of the conflict for years strained the harmonious relations between the two countries, thus leading to skirmishes that cost lives and property. The adjudication and ruling by the International Court of Justice over the conflicting territory – Bakassi – in 2002 granting sovereignty to Cameroon was not well received by Nigeria. This paper, therefore, seeks to establish the extent of the diplomatic relationship between Nigeria and Cameroon years after the ICJ ruling on the one hand, and GTA on the other hand. To interrogate this, a two-dimensional theory of arbitration was adopted to delineate the pros and cons of the implementation of the ICJ ruling and GTA arbitration. The implications of the implementation of GTA on Nigeria-Cameroon relations are increased exchanges for the presidential visit from 46% before to54% after and increased diplomatic representations.
Sociocultural underpinnings of toponyms in Nsukka, Southeastern Nigeria
Authors:   Department of Linguistics, Igbo and Other Nigerian Languages, University of Nigeria, Nsukka, Uzoagba Ogechukwu Miracle
Published: September 2022

This article focuses on toponyms with particular reference to the names of towns and villages in Ǹgùrú, a member of the quadripartite towns that make up Ḿkpụ̀nánọ́ Ǹsụ́kā, Ìdèkè, the host community of the University of Nigeria, Nsukka. The primary objective of this study is to identify the factors that determine the names given to places in Ǹsụ́kā. The paper argues that Nsụka-Igbo toponyms are not arbitrarily awarded. Corpus was gathered through oral interview with the help of two research assistants that are indigenes of Ǹgùrú. The paper finds that Nsụka-Igbo toponyms are given in consideration of certain socio-cultural factors, including geographical landscape, ancestral/genealogical relationships, location of the place, past events and experiences. It was also observed that the Nsụka-Igbo have high regard for ancestry and reverence for the Supreme Being in the naming of places.
Risk factors of chronic subscapularis tendon tear
Authors: Park Hyung Bin , Gwark Ji Yong , Na Jae-Boem
Published: September 2022

Background: Chronic subscapularis tendon tear (SBT) is a degenerative disease and a common pathologic cause of shoulder pain. Several potential risk factors for chronic SBT have been reported. Although metabolic abnormalities are common risk factors for degenerative disease, their potential etiological roles in chronic SBT remains unclear. The purpose of this study was to investigate potential risk factors for chronic SBT, with particular attention to metabolic factors.Methods: This study evaluated single shoulders of 939 rural residents. Each subject undertook a questionnaire, physical examinations, blood tests, and simple radiographs and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) evaluations of bilateral shoulders. Subscapularis tendon integrity was determined by MRI findings based on the thickness of the involved tendons. The association strengths of demographic, physical, social, and radiologic factors, comorbidities, severity of rotator cuff tear (RCT), and serologic parameters for SBT were evaluated using logistic regression analyses. The significance of those analyses was set at p<0.05.Results: The prevalence of SBT was 32.2% (302/939). The prevalence of partial- and full-thickness tears was 23.5% (221/939) and 8.6% (81/939), respectively. The prevalence of isolated SBT was 20.2% (190/939), SBT combined with supraspinatus or infraspinatus tendon tear was 11.9% (112/939). In multivariable logistic regression analysis, dominant side involvement (p<0.001), manual labor (p=0.002), diabetes (p<0.001), metabolic syndrome (p<0.001), retraction degree of Patte tendon (p<0.001), posterosuperior RCT (p=0.010), and biceps tendon injury (p<0.001) were significantly associated with SBT.Conclusions: Metabolic syndrome is a potential risk factor for SBT, as are these factors: overuse activity, diabetes, posterosuperior RCT, increased retraction of posterosuperior rotator cuff tendon, and biceps tendon injury.
Socioeconomic Development and Deforestation in the Cerrado Biome, Brazil: Spatial Interactions and Heterogeneity
Authors: Barros Pedro Henrique Batista de , Stege Alysson Luiz
Published: September 2022

This paper investigates the relationship between socioeconomic development and deforestation in the Cerrado biome, mainly focusing on the current Brazilian agricultural frontier of Matopiba. More specifically, we search for spatial interactions, heterogeneity, and spatial clusters among the municipalities using the exploratory analysis of spatial data (ESDA). Due to the many possible socioeconomic variables related to deforestation decisions, we create a Socioeconomic Development Index (SDI) that synthesizes all possible influences using factorial analysis from multivariate statistics. We also grouped cluster analysis municipalities with dissimilar deforestation and economic development patterns. The results show that the biome’s economic development and deforestation are spatially concentrated and heterogeneous and are negatively associated for the majority of Cerrado municipalities both in the spatial and cluster analysis, indicating that socioeconomic development may be an inhibitor of deforestation.
Factors Related to the Utilization of Health Services in the Outstanding Unit in the Regional General Hospital of Buton North Regency
Authors: Syafruddin Syafruddin , Saafi La Ode , Azizi Jayadipraja Erwin , Supodo Timbul , Sunarsih Sunarsih
Published: September 2022

Introduction: Service utilization is the use of service facilities provided either in the form of outpatient care, inpatient care, home visits by health workers or other forms of utilization of these services based on the availability and continuity of services, public acceptance and fairness, easily accessible by the community, affordable, and quality.

Method: This research is quantitative research with a cross-sectional study design. The population in this study amounted to 352 respondents. The sample size is 187 respondents.

Result: The average significance of respondents to four variables, the variable of health service availability is 0.000, the variable of access to health services is 0.002, the variable is cost affordability, the value is 0.000, the variable of Service Acceptance is 0.000. Of the four variables have a relationship with the utilization of outpatient health services.

Conclusion: The average the four variables with the level of trust that exists based on the significance number has factors related to the utilization of health services which are quite closely related to the condition and situation of hospital services when patients make visits.
Tolna megye és a hozzá kapcsolódószemélyek a Nyugat folyóiratban (Tanulmány, szemelvénygyűjtemények, repertóriumok)
Authors: Töttős Gábor
Published: September 2022

A korszakos jelentőségű folyóirat, amelyről bízvást mondhatjuk, hogy puszta említésekor mindenkiben az irodalmi vezető szerep, az értékőrzés és modern megújulás jelképeként azonosul, sok szempontból volt már vizsgálat tárgya. Szerzői és témái máig számíthatnak a szélesebb érdeklődésre, s nem volt ez másképp megjelenése idején sem: a más lapoknál szokásos négy-öt olvasó, akinek egy-egy sajtótermék a kezébe kerülhetett, a Nyugat esetében legalább 20, ráadásul minőségi érdeklődőt jelentett. Egyáltalán nem mindegy tehát, hogy egy adott terület hányszor és milyen összefüggésben szerepel az ország egykor vezető szellemi orgánumában, mert a tájat nem ismerők nem utolsósorban ennek révén (is) alkottak róla képet, az itt élők pedig más oldalról szemlélhették szülő- és/vagy lakóhelyüket. Ugyanígy presztízsértékű, ha itt született, innét elszármazott személyiség neve bukkan föl a kortárs vagy az utókor számára, hiszen azokat országos, esetleg még tágabb összefüggésben mutatott értékeik alapján minősítik, de az is jólesik, ha egyszerűen csak említik őt, őket. Kétségtelen, hogy a Nyugatnak nem volt semmilyen értelemben feladata ez az említés és ábrázolás, de az is vitathatatlan, ami ezzel jár: korántsem véletlenül, hanem a maga természetességével kerül bele egy-egy község, kistáj neve az esszékbe és szépirodalmi alkotásokba, könyvkritikákba, hírekbe. Ha meggondoljuk, ennek még nagyobb a jelentősége, mintha bármilyen szelíd vagy kevésbé szelíd kényszer ösztönözné erre a szerzőket. Ami ugyanis a helyekkel kapcsolatban így előfordul, az a leghitelesebb formában dokumentálhatja az emléket, életutat, jellemzőnek érzett viszonyítást, hivatkozást, egyszóval Tolna megye sokszínűségét, nyilvánvaló és rejtett értékeit, sajátos hangulatát. Csaknem ugyanezt mondhatjuk el a személyek említéséről. A meglehetősen biztos és határozott ítéletűnek mondott Nyugat nem véletlenül bírálja ezernyi megjelent könyv közül éppen azt, amelyikről szól. Számtalan színész és alakításaik közül aligha találomra dicsér vagy korhol bárkit is, de érvényes ez képzőművészekre, s a közélet régebbi és akkori szereplőire egyaránt. S végül nem lehet közömbös Tolna megye önérzete szempontjából sem, hogy a rá és szülötteire vonatkozó Nyugat-beli (szándéka szerint) teljességre törekvő adatsort s megállapításokat egészében lássa és értékelje. Tanulmányomat és repertóriumaimat a legnagyobb szeretettel ajánlom az Illyés Gyula Megyei Könyvtár dolgozóinak és olvasóinak, akik remélhetőleg munkájukat megkönnyítő, illetve eredményesebbé tevő gyűjteményt látnak majd benne.
IMPLEMENTASI KESEJAHTERAAN SOSIAL BAGI PENYANDANG MASALAH LANJUT USIA PERSPEKTIF MAQASHID SYARI’AH DI KOTA MALANG
Authors: F.T. Mu’alim  , M. Djakfar  , A.S. Supriyanto
Published: September 2022

Introduction: Malang City is committed to be an Elderly Friendly City. A number of policy innovations and pro social welfare programs for the elderly have been implemented. But in fact the aid is still in the form of material such as money and basic necessities. The varied conditions of the elderly require the fulfillment of non-material needs such as health, moral support and religious development. To understand the implementation of welfare for people with elderly problems in Malang City, the maqashid shari'ah perspective is used so that the factual needs of the elderly can be understood more comprehensively.

Methods: The research method used is a qualitative paradigm with the type of case study research. The data analysis technique uses data reduction, presentation, conclusion and verification.

Results and Conclusion: The results of the study indicate that the social welfare program is tentative and continuous. The tentative program is material, while the continuous program is non-material. The implementation of the program is carried out by the Social Service in collaboration with TKSK, PSM and local village officials. The stages in program implementation are receiving reports, visitation by providing an analysis of environmental potential and ending with evacuation if needed. Maqashid shari'ah corrects that social welfare programs have implications but have not maximized maintaining religion, soul, mind, lineage and property, especially during the Covid-19 pandemic. The implication for the unproductive elderly comes from non-material assistance such as assistance and love. Meanwhile, material assistance has implications for productive elderly people for business empowerment.

Key words: Implementation of Social Welfare, Elderly Problems, Maqashid Syari'ah.
Tussen dwang en drang
Authors: Cleton Laura
Published: September 2022

Between coercion and compulsion. How return counsellors realize the ‘voluntary return’ of undocumented migrants

European governments widely celebrate and extensively fund ‘voluntary return’ programmes and assume that return counsellors play a key role for their implementation. At the same time, these programmes rely on the cooperation of illegalized immigrants involved, whereas the latter are often reluctant to do so. In this article, the author therefore questions how much and what kind of agency individual counsellors exercise to overcome this fundamental conflict of interest. Based on research conducted in the Netherlands, Belgium and Austria, the author conceptualizes counsellors’ work as ‘aspirations management’ that mediates the desires, hopes and interest of precarious status migrants with the goals of governments seeking to return them. The author analytically distinguishes three fundamentally different counselling strategies: facilitating migrants’ existing return aspirations, obtaining their compliance without inducing aspirations, and/or inducing aspirations for return. The author ends this article with critical reflections on the legitimacy and ethics of such aspirations management.