bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Asignación presupuestaria y crecimiento de las Mypes en Latinoamérica durante la covid-19
Authors: Arévalo-Alva Lady , Martell-Alfaro Karla , Ríos-López Luis , Saldaña-Pinto Carlos , Alejandría-Castro César , Fasanando-Puyo Tercero , Rojas-Vela Jerris , Fasanando-García Segundo
Published: July 2022

La asignación presupuestaria está representada por los fondos que se asignan para cubrir los gastos públicos incurridos con la finalidad de financiar la ejecución de una determinada obra, programa o proyecto encaminado a cubrir una necesidad colectiva. Por otra parte, el crecimiento de las Mypes hace referencia a la facilidad con la cual una micro y pequeña empresa genera utilidades continuamente con el propósito de mantener su capital o utilizarlo para obtener una mayor cantidad de beneficios económicos. El objetivo fue identificar los principales hallazgos sobre la asignación presupuestaria y crecimiento de las Mypes en Latinoamérica durante la covid-19. La investigación estuvo enmarcada bajo un enfoque cualitativo, tipo básico y diseño teórico de revisión sistemática, los participantes estuvieron representados por 25 artículos científicos extraídos de diferentes bases de datos. Después de la revisión sistemática de los artículos se concluye que, a pesar de la buena intención de los gobiernos en designar un importe de sus presupuestos para adoptar medidas que favorezcan a la subsistencia de las Mypes frente a la coyuntura presentada por la Covid-19, estas no fueron suficientes para solventar la ejecución de sus operaciones económicas y asegurar su crecimiento continuo.
Relación entre cultura de emprendimiento y visión empresarial en una cooperativa agraria peruana
Authors: Cavero-Rojas Juan Carlos
Published: July 2022

La cultura de emprendimiento es una alternativa de desarrollo ante las necesidades de innovación en las empresas por ello, es considerado como la nueva tendencia del desarrollo empresarial. Este estudio determina la relación entre la cultura de emprendimiento y la visión empresarial en una cooperativa agrícola peruana. La investigación desarrollada es tipo básica, no experimental de alcance descriptivo correlacional, la muestra se conformó por 35 trabajadores administrativos, a quienes se aplicaron dos cuestionarios relacionados a las variables de estudio. Se obtuvo que existe relación positiva entre la cultura de emprendimiento y la visión empresarial en el caso de estudio, debido que el valor del coeficiente de correlación Rho de Spearman es igual a 0,704. Finalmente se rechaza la hipótesis nula, en consecuencia, se acepta la hipótesis alterna de la investigación, después de demostrar que el p – valor obtenido fue (0,000 < 0,05), por consiguiente, hay pruebas estadísticas contundentes para afirmar que existe relación significativa entre las variables de estudio.
El estándar probatorio de la detención preliminar judicial en el proceso penal peruano
Authors: Rodríguez-Alván Richard
Published: July 2022

El presente artículo tuvo como propósito demostrar que la detención preliminar resulta viable para la creación de un estándar probatorio en el derecho procesal peruano, analizada desde un enfoque sistemático. La presente investigación ha utilizado el método cualitativo, apoyado en la teoría fundamentada y como instrumento para su desarrollo están las guías de entrevistas semiestructuradas; como, análisis de casos de gran importancia dentro de nuestro país. Los resultados demuestran que no existe un estándar probatorio regulado actualmente dentro de nuestro ordenamiento jurídico penal que pueda establecer márgenes de utilización, generando ello un uso indiscriminado por parte de nuestras autoridades o una interpretación errónea con la Sentencia del Pleno - Casación N° 1-2017, que establece estándares probatorios para otras sub etapas y etapas del proceso penal. En conclusión, el criterio de prueba utilizado en la detención preliminar, se halla desconectada con las diligencias preliminares y la formalización de la investigación preparatoria, situación que lamentablemente ocasiona una afectación a la libertad suprema de la persona. En este escenario, la prueba no puede ser entendida como una mera sospecha y por lo tanto no debe ser utilizada para la viabilidad del inicio de las diligencias preliminares.
Importancia de los mecanismos de protección y defensa del derecho humano
Authors: Valles-Coral Miguel Angel
Published: July 2022

La Revista Científica Ratio Iure nace en formato impreso en el año 2019; luego, debido al aislamiento social obligatorio impuesto por el gobierno a consecuencia de la Covid19, dejó de circular en ese formato y en enero 2021 se relanzó en formato en línea. A la fecha es una de las revistas con mayor visibilidad y la que más sometimientos ha tenido, lo que nos ha permitido realizar una selección rigurosa que garantiza calidad en los artículos publicados.
Algoritmos y su efecto en la agricultura
Authors: Sanchez-Calle Jeison Elí , Castillo Armas Gian Poll
Published: July 2022

La Inteligencia Artificial emerge como parte esencial de la evolución tecnológica de la agroindustria, teniendo como objetivo brindar al productor información precisa para la toma de decisiones. El propósito del artículo de revisión bibliográfica es dar a conocer cuáles son los algoritmos aplicados en diversos estudios y analizar su efecto en la agricultura, teniendo en cuenta evidencias empíricas de diversas investigaciones. Se revisaron artículos científicos publicados en las bases de datos Scopus, Scielo, Directory of Open Access Journals (DOAJ), ScienceDirect, Latindex y Google académico, utilizando el gestor de búsqueda de referencias Mendeley. Se seleccionaron 40 artículos basados en los criterios de relación con el tema, nivel de impacto y año de publicación en los últimos cinco años. Se concluye que países como India, Colombia y Perú implementaron la inteligencia artificial inmersos en sus políticas orientados a la producción agrícola, con las cuales han logrado posicionarse como referentes con altos niveles de productividad y competitividad.
Subjects of group offense prevention of convicts in educational colonies
Authors: Каретников Константин Викторович
Published: July 2022

В статье рассматриваются проблемы в установлении системы субъектов профилактики групповых правонарушений осужденных в воспитательных колониях. Акцентируется внимание на существующих в данной сфере вопросах, носящих дискуссионный характер в научной среде. Анализируется классификация субъектов профилактики по различным основаниям. Обосновывается необходимость внесения изменений в нормы федерального законодательства и ведомственные правовые акты относительно установления полного перечня субъектов профилактики.

The article deals with the problems in establishing a system of subjects for the prevention of group offenses of convicts in educational colonies. The author focuses his attention on the issues that exist in this area and are debatable in the scientific community. The classification of subjects of prevention is analyzed on various grounds. The necessity of making changes to the norms of federal legislation and departmental legal acts regarding the establishment of a complete list of prevention subjects is substantiated.
Pedagogical conditions for the formation of a humanistic orientation of the personality of cadets of educational institutions of higher education of the Federal Penitentiary Service of Russia
Authors: Додуева Ольга Федоровна , Евсеева Ольга Владимировна
Published: July 2022

В статье рассматривается понятие гуманистической направленности личности курсантов образовательных организаций высшего образования ФСИН России как значимый компонент профессиональной деятельности сотрудников уголовно-исполнительной системы. Целью исследования является определение педагогических условий, обеспечивающих эффективное формирование гуманистической направленности личности курсантов образовательных организаций высшего образования ФСИН России в процессе получения образования. Методологическую основу исследования составили такие методы, как системно-структурный, анализ, синтез. В результате проведенной работы авторы выделяют педагогические условия, которые можно считать эффективными для развития гуманистической направленности в личности будущих сотрудников уголовно-исполнительной системы.

The article deals with the concept of the humanistic orientation of the personality of cadets of educational institutions of higher education of the Federal Penitentiary Service of Russia as a significant component of professional activities of employees of the penitentiary system. The aim of the study is to determine the pedagogical conditions that ensure the effective formation of the humanistic orientation of the personality of cadets of educational institutions of higher education of the Federal Penitentiary Service of Russia in the process of obtaining education. The methodological basis of the study was made up of such methods as system-structural, analysis, synthesis. As a result of the work carried out, the author highlights the pedagogical conditions that can be considered effective for the development of a humanistic orientation in the personality of future employees of the penitentiary system.
The influence of personality characteristics of juvenile delinquents on ideas about their own future
Authors: Ильянкова Екатерина Ивановна , Морозов Александр Владимирович
Published: July 2022

В статье рассматривается проблема, обусловленная актуальной необходимостью исследования личностных особенностей несовершеннолетних правонарушителей и того влияния, которое эти личностные особенности оказывают на их представления о собственном будущем в период нахождения в специализированных учебно-воспитательных учреждениях. Целью исследования является изучение взаимосвязи личностных особенностей и представлений о собственном будущем у несовершеннолетних, совершивших преступление и воспитывающихся в специализированных учебно-воспитательных учреждениях закрытого типа. В результате проведенного эмпирического исследования сформулированы выводы, позволяющие более эффективно планировать и организовывать психологическое сопровождение и психокоррекционную воспитательную работу с несовершеннолетними правонарушителями в период их пребывания в специализированных учебно-воспитательных учреждениях.

The article deals with the problem caused by the urgent need to study the personal characteristics of juvenile offenders and the impact that these personal characteristics have on their ideas about their own future during their stay in specialized educational institutions. The aim of the study is to study the relationship of personal characteristics and ideas about their own future among minors who have committed a crime and are brought up in specialized educational and educational institutions of a closed type. As a result of the empirical study,the authors formulate conclusions that allow providing more effective planning and organization of psychological support and psycho-corrective educational work with minor offenders during their stay in specialized educational institutions.
On the issue of describing the system of medical support for suspects, accused and convicted in periodical literature
Authors: Кононец Александр Семенович , Ильинцев Евгений Васильевич
Published: July 2022

Авторами рассматривается проблема появления в периодических изданиях публикаций, посвященных отдельным аспектам медицинского обеспечения подозреваемых, обвиняемых и осужденных, подготовленных авторами, в большинстве своем не имеющими отношения к уголовно-исполнительной системе Российской Федерации и зачастую не обладающими профильным медицинским образованием. Проводится анализ подобных статей, указываются системные ошибки, допущенные при подготовке данных материалов. Приводится информация об истинной динамике основных медико-демографических показателей лиц, содержащихся в пенитенциарных учреждениях. Обращается внимание на нецелесообразность публикаций в ведомственных периодических изданиях материалов, затрагивающих вопросы медико-санитарного обеспечения подозреваемых, обвиняемых и осужденных, без предварительного согласования со структурным подразделением ФСИН России, на которое возложены функции по медицинскому обеспечению лиц, содержащихся под стражей.

The authors consider the problem of publications in periodicals devoted to certain aspects of medical support for suspects, accused and convicted, prepared by authors who, for the most part, have nothing to do with the penitentiary system of the Russian Federation and often do not have specialized medical education. An analysis of such articles is carried out, systematic errors made in the preparation of these materials are indicated. Information is provided on the true dynamics of the main medical and demographic indicators of detainees . Attention is drawn to the inappropriateness of publications in departmental periodicals of materials affecting the issues of medical and sanitary support for suspects, accused and convicted, without prior approval from the structural unit of the Federal Penitentiary Service of Russia, which is entrusted with the functions of medical support for persons in custody.
A versatile spaceborne architecture for immediate monitoring of the global methane pledge
Authors: Wang Yuchen , Guo Xvli , Huo Yajie , Li Mengying , Pan Yuqing , Yu Shaocai , Baklanov Alexander , Rosenfeld Daniel , Seinfeld John H. , Li Pengfei
Published: July 2022

Abstract. The global methane pledge paves a fresh, critical way toward Carbon Neutrality. However, it remains largely invisible and highly controversial due to the fact that planet-scale and plant-level methane retrievals have rarely been coordinated. This has never been more essential within a narrow window to reach the Paris target. Here we present a versatile spaceborne architecture to address this issue. Using this framework, we patrol the world, like the United States, China, the Middle East, and North Africa, and simultaneously uncover methane-abundant regions and plumes. These include new super-emitters, potential leakages, and unprecedented multiple plumes in a single source. More importantly, this framework is shown to challenge official emission reports that possibly mislead estimates from global, regional, to site scales, particularly by missing super-emitters. We reveal that this framework can enable ready-made satellites to initiate monitoring of the global methane pledge immediately and is also versatile for upcoming stereoscopic measurements and artificial intelligence techniques.
Eddy covariance measurements highlight sources of nitrogen oxide emissions missing from inventories for central London
Authors: Drysdale Will S. , Vaughan Adam R. , Squires Freya A. , Cliff Sam J. , Metzger Stefan , Durden David , Pingintha-Durden Natchaya , Helfter Carole , Nemitz Eiko , Grimmond C. Sue B. , Barlow Janet , Beevers Sean , Stewart Gregor , Dajnak David , Purvis Ruth M. , Lee James D.
Published: July 2022

Abstract. During March–June 2017 emissions of nitrogen oxides were measured via eddy covariance at the British Telecom Tower in central London, UK. Through the use of a footprint model the expected emissions were simulated from the spatially resolved National Atmospheric Emissions Inventory for 2017 and compared with the measured emissions. These simulated emissions were shown to underestimate measured emissions during the daytime by a factor of 1.48, but they agreed well overnight. Furthermore, underestimations were spatially mapped, and the areas around the measurement site responsible for differences in measured and simulated emissions were inferred. It was observed that areas of higher traffic, such as major roads near national rail stations, showed the greatest underestimation by the simulated emissions. These discrepancies are partially attributed to a combination of the inventory not fully capturing traffic conditions in central London and both the spatial and temporal resolution of the inventory not fully describing the high heterogeneity of the urban centre. Understanding of this underestimation may be further improved with longer measurement time series to better understand temporal variation and improved temporal scaling factors to better simulate sub-annual emissions.
LAND-SUITE V1.0: a suite of tools for statistically based landslide susceptibility zonation
Authors: Rossi Mauro , Bornaetxea Txomin , Reichenbach Paola
Published: July 2022

Abstract. In the past 50 years, a large variety of statistically based
models and methods for landslide susceptibility mapping and zonation have
been proposed in the literature. The methods, which are applicable to a large range of
spatial scales, use a large variety of input thematic data, different model
combinations, and several approaches to evaluate the models' performance.
Despite the numerous applications available in the literature, a standard
approach for susceptibility modeling and zonation is still missing. The literature search revealed that several software program and tools are available
to evaluate regional slope stability using physically based analysis, but
only a few use statistically based approaches. Among them, LAND-SE
(LANDslide Susceptibility Evaluation) provides the possibility to perform
and combine different statistical susceptibility models and to evaluate
their performances and associated uncertainties. This paper describes the
structure and the functionalities of LAND-SUITE, a suite of tools for
statistically based landslide susceptibility modeling which integrates
LAND-SE. LAND-SUITE completes and extends LAND-SE, adding functionalities to
(i) facilitate input data preparation, (ii) perform preliminary and
exploratory analysis of the available data, and (iii) test different combinations
of variables and select the optimal thematic/explanatory set. LAND-SUITE
provides a tool to assist the user during the data preparatory phase and to
perform diversified statistically based landslide susceptibility
applications.
Benchmarking the vertically integrated ice-sheet model IMAU-ICE (version 2.0)
Authors: Berends Constantijn J. , Goelzer Heiko , Reerink Thomas J. , Stap Lennert B. , van de Wal Roderik S. W.
Published: July 2022

Abstract. Ice-dynamical processes constitute a large uncertainty in
future projections of sea-level rise caused by anthropogenic climate change.
Improving our understanding of these processes requires ice-sheet models
that perform well at simulating both past and future ice-sheet evolution.
Here, we present version 2.0 of the ice-sheet model IMAU-ICE, which uses the
depth-integrated viscosity approximation (DIVA) to solve the stress balance.
We evaluate its performance in a range of benchmark experiments, including
simple analytical solutions and both schematic and realistic model
intercomparison exercises. IMAU-ICE has adopted recent developments in the
numerical treatment of englacial stress and sub-shelf melt near the
grounding line, which result in good performance in experiments concerning
grounding-line migration (MISMIP, MISMIP+) and buttressing (ABUMIP). This
makes it a model that is robust, versatile, and user-friendly, which will
provide a firm basis for (palaeo-)glaciological research in the coming
years.
التخطيط البيئي ودوره في حماية البيئة في المملكة العربية السعودية
Authors:   أستاذ مساعد، قسم الجغرافيا، كلية العلوم الإنسانية، جامعة الملك خالد، المملكة العربية السعودية, الحسن سويداء
Published: July 2022

تناولت الدراسة موضوع التخطيط البيئي كآلية وقائية لحماية البيئة التي أصبحت حديث كل الأوقات، و تأتي أهمية الدراسة في أن مسائل البيئة تأتي على رأس التحديات والمشكلات التي تواجه الشعوب و الدول في عصرنا الحاضر، حيث ترسم لأجلها الاستراتيجيات وتوضع لها المخططات وتبرم الاتفاقات و المعاهدات من أجلها و تصدر القوانين و التنظيمات، كما يهدف البحث إلى محاولة التعرف على مفهوم التخطيط البيئي و أدواته و مقوماته، و ابراز دور التخطيط في حماية البيئة، و تحليل دور التخطيط البيئي في حماية البيئة و تحقيق أهداف استراتيجية التنمية المستدامة، و لتحقيق أهداف الدراسة تم استخدام المنهج الوصفي التحليلي الذي يعمل على جمع المعلومات حول موضوع البحث و أبعاده و خلفياته و مختلف المفاهيم له وصولاً إلى أهميته، تم تقسيم الدراسة إلى ثلاثة أجزاء مترابطة أولاً الإطار المفاهيمي للتخطيط والتخطيط البيئي وأدوات ومقومات التخطيط البيئي وأركانه ودور التخطيط البيئي في حماية البيئة والسياسة البيئية للمملكة، بالإضافة إلى خاتمة الدراسة وتوصياتها، وتوصلت الدراسة الى أن التخطيط البيئي هو أفضل الوسائل لتحقيق الاستخدام المتوازن لموارد البيئة، التخطيط البيئي آلية وقائية من أجل حماية البيئة، تلعب الإدارة الدور الأساسي في التجسيد الفعلي للتخطيط البيئي، وتوصي الدراسة بضرورة أن يتم الإلزام بتطبيق نظام التخطيط البيئي، وذلك باعتبارها أحد الوسائل الفعالة في حماية البيئة، وأحد الآليات التي تساهم في تحقيق التنمية المستدامة، أن يتم الاهتمام بدمج عنصر المشاركة الشعبية في التخطيط البيئي، ترسيخ ثقافة حماية البيئة في الأوساط التربوية والمهنية، التفعيل الميداني للقوانين التي تعني الجانب البيئي وردع المعتدين عليها.
Հայաստանի Հանրապետությունում փոքր և միջին ձեռ­նարկա­տիրության զարգացման միտումներն ու առանձ­նահատկությունները/PECULIARITIES AND TRENDS OF
SMALL AND MEDIUM ENTERPRISES
DEVELOPMENT IN THE REPUBLIC OF
ARMENIA
Authors: MKHITARYAN KHOREN , KACHACHAT BOONDEE
Published: July 2022

SME sector has a significant impact on the countries’ economic development and
provides tangible social economic results leading to regional development. Acknowledging
the crucial role of SME sector in countries’ development, the paper aims at identifying the
main trends and issues of the sector strategy development and making corresponding
suggestions for its further development. Specifically, different theories and models have
been outlined in the paper regarding the development of small and medium enterprises
sector, the determinants of efficiency in SMEs, conceptual framework of factors affecting
SMEs development, etc. The data have been gathered and analyzed taking into
consideration the peculiarities and trends of small and medium enterprises development in
the Republic of Armenia, the obstacles and, meanwhile, prospects and main directions of
the sector development. Corresponding recommendations have been made based on the
conclusions, results and findings of the study which is directed to contribute to the future
development of small and medium enterprises in the Republic of Armenia.
Ձեռնարկատիրոջ կառավարչական հմտությունները որպես ձեռնարկատիրական գործունեության արդյունավետության վրա ներազդող կարևոր գործոն/Managerial Skills of an Entrepreneur as an Important
Factor Influencing the Effectiveness of Entrepreneurial
Activity
Authors: KHACHATRYAN ASTGHIK
Published: July 2022

Diverse factors of the external environment and
considerations of maintaining the competitiveness of the national
economy and integrating into foreign markets have had a
significant impact on the economy of the Republic of Armenia,
leading to structural transformations of the economy. In the
context of the mentioned structural transformations,
entrepreneurship and its promotion have an important role as a
premise of economic growth and development. At the same time,
in pursue of the mentioned goals, both promoting
entrepreneurship and ensuring the effectiveness of
entrepreneurial activity are of primary importance.
Addressing issues of business efficiency in the Republic of
Armenia is of key importance, as evidenced by significant
differences between the indicators of start-ups and established
enterprises. Based on a well-known fact in the professional
literature according to which the skills of entrepreneurs have a
significant impact on the effectiveness of the entrepreneurial
activity, the paper touches upon the skills of an entrepreneur as
an important factor influencing the effectiveness of the
entrepreneurial activity
Relationship of Fulfillment of Patient and Family Rights with Patient Satisfaction in the Inpatient Room of Mitra Medika Amplas General Hospital
Authors: Anggreny Winna , Yustina Ida , Theo Deli
Published: July 2022

The purpose of the study was to analyze relationship of fulfillment of patient and family rights with patient satisfaction in the Inpatient Room of Mitra Medika Amplas General Hospital. The type of research used in this study is quantitative analytic research with a cross sectional approach. This research was conducted in the 2nd Floor Inpatient Service Room at Mitra Medika Amplas General Hospital. This research was conducted from February 2022 to March 2022. The population in this study were all Inpatients on the 2nd Floor at Mitra Medika Amplas General Hospital from January to February 2022. The samples in this study were taken by purposive sampling. The analytical method used in this research is bivariate analysis. The results showed that there was a relationship between fulfillment of patient and family rights with patient satisfaction in the Inpatient Room of Mitra Medika Amplas General Hospital with p value=0.000<0.05.

Keywords: Fulfillment of Patient Rights, Family, Patient Satisfaction.
New Normal Analysis of Telemedicine-Based Healthcare Industry
Authors: Husnul Khotimah Fitri Kinasih , Fahmi Idqan , Hartono Sri
Published: July 2022

Telemedicine can be an alternative solution in overcoming the limitations of infrastructure and health human resources which are the cause of limited access to health services for the community. Telemedicine users increased during the Covid-19 pandemic, but only 10% of Indonesia's population. This study aims to analyze the new normal of telemedicine-based healthcare industry. The research was conducted from January to March 2022 through an online survey involving 192 respondents domiciled in Greater Jakarta and Greater Bandung. The sampling technique used is voluntary sampling. Data processing and analysis techniques use industrial foresight analysis. The results showed that the existence of telemedicine is currently considered to have met the expectations of 86.46 percent of respondents and 91.67 percent of users intending to continue using telemedicine technology after the Covid-19 pandemic. New normal of the healthcare industry leads to the development of integrated telemedicine in terms of services, applications, as well as data and information.

Keywords: Covid-19, Foresight industry, Healthcare, New normal, Telemedicine .
Evaluation of DNA Damage of Cadmium in Gastropod Lymnaea radix cor (Annandale and Prashad, 1919) From Euphrates River
Authors: M. Karim Rafid
Published: July 2022

Cadmium toxicity to a snail Lymnaea radix cor collected from Shatt Almadina stream that belongs to Euphrates River, Basra province, Iraq was investigated. DNA damage was used as an indicator for cadmium toxicity in the current study. The adult snails were exposed to several concentrations of cadmium for different periods. DNA fragmentation occurring in the snail exposed to cadmium was substantiated by comet assay and expressed in term Tail DNA percentage. Results revealed a significant increase in DNA damage at cadmium concentrations 60, 80, and 100µg/l for an exposure time of 3 days, and the highest percentage of tail DNA was at the cadmium concentration of 100µg/l. On the other hand, the DNA damage significantly elevated when the exposure period increased to 5 days and the highest tail DNA percentage (18%) was recorded at cadmium concentration 100 µg/l. the assessment of DNA damage in the freshwater snail Lymnaea radix cor gives an early caution signal for aquatic environmental contamination by cadmium.
HPTLC Analysis and Force Degradation Study of Tapentadol Hydrochloride in Bulk and Its Pharmaceutical Formulation
Authors: S. Asmita , S. Mahaveer , W. Sagar , S. Birendra
Published: July 2022

To achieve easy, sensitive reproducible high-performance thin-layer chromatography (HPTLC) densitometric method was developed and validated for the determination of tapentadol HCl and its pharmaceutical formulation. In this method the ethyl acetate: methanol: ammonia (6:4:0.5v/v/v) were used as mobile phase for chromatographic separation of the drug. The method has been performed on precoated silica Tab 60F254 Merck plates and the Rf value was calculated at 0.47 for tapentadol HCL. The calibration curve was plotted in the concentration range of 500-2500ng/ml. The limits of quantitation and limit of detection were found to be 0.07 and 0.23μg/ml respectively. The correlation coefficient (R2) value was obtained at 0.998 for tapentadol HCL. The percent recoveries were obtained between 99.97 to 101.13% for tapentadol HCl. The method has been validated according to ICH guidelines for linearity, precision, accuracy, specificity, and robustness. The degradation behavior was recorded under acidic, basic, neutral, oxidative, photolytic, and thermal stress conditions. The degradation products were well separated from the pure drug under the optimized conditions. As the method could effectively separate the drug from its degradation products, it can be employed as a stability-indicating method for tapentadol HCl.
Sponge Hyrtios reticulatus: Phytochemicals and Bioactivities
Authors: Mahfur Mahfur , Prawita Setyowati Erna , Wahyuono Subagus , Purwantini Indah
Published: July 2022

Sponge is one of the marine organisms that contribute greatly to the diversity of compounds in marine. Hyrtios reticulatus, a marine sponge of genus Hyrtios, is a structurally rich source of various metabolites. Hyrtios reticulatus can be found in various places. So far several reports have mentioned that this species has not been widely published except those originating from Indonesia especially Makassar island, Papua New Guinea, Vanuatu, and collections from the National Cancer Institute in London. Every sample taken from different places has different secondary metabolites due to the different physical and chemical conditions found in the oceans, causing the sample to have a diverse bioactivity. The secondary metabolites obtained from sponge Hyrtios reticulatus obtained from sponges from different places are shown in the articles published so far contain 19 compounds, they are obtained from sponge with different places. It is 1,6-dihydroxy-1,2,3,4-tetrahydro-β-carbolin (1), serotonin (2), 6-hydroxy-1-methyl-1,2,3 , 4-tetrahydro- β -carboline (3), 6-hydroxy-3,4- dihydro-1-oxo-β-carboline (4), hyrtiocarboline (5), sacrotride A (6), 1-O-hexadecyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine (7), heteronemin (8), puupehenone (9), 3-carboxy-6-hydroxy-β- carboline (10), hyrtioreticulins A–E (11-15), hyrtioerectine B (16), hyrtioreticulin F (17) reticulatins A (18), and B (19). This review emphasizes the phytochemicals of the secondary metabolites and bioactivity of the sponge Hyrtios reticulatus. This article highlights how to obtain active compounds and bioactivity from these compounds from sponge Hyrtios reticuatus.
Towards Design Rules for Light-Responsive Molecular Materials
Authors: Hume Paul
Published: July 2022

Organic materials are attractive for technologies that perform functions using sunlight, such as photovoltaics/solar cells and photocatalysts. A key drawcard of organic materials is that their properties can be modified at a molecular level. However, this benefit is difficult to harness when it comes to materials development. The key knowledge barrier that researchers face is our limited understanding of how molecular structure affects solid state photo-physics, which is slowing the progress of these technologies. For example, very few of >35,000 publications on organic photovoltaics (OPVs) have demonstrated improved efficiency.[1] The result is that, although molecular properties can be predicted using quantum chemistry, these powerful tools cannot yet be applied to organic optoelectronics in the same way as drug discovery, where candidate molecules are computationally screened to guide synthesis. The aim of my research is to enable a more systematic approach.

In this talk I will cover key parts of my research journey in this area, including:
1) The exploration of chirality as a tool to reduce energetic disorder in organic electronics. [2]
2) New materials and theoretical chemistry methods I have developed to understand intermolecular charge transfer processes. [3]
3) Theoretical insights into energy transport in high-performance organic solar cell materials. [4]
4) Our recent discovery that a well-known organic solar cell molecule generates electric charges directly from light, unlike previous generations of materials. [5]
In the depth of psychic ignorance: Self-mutilation in the alleviation of suffering—A case report
Authors: Orsini Marco , Mafra Moreno Adalgiza , da Silva Catharino Antônio Marcos , Henrique Melo Reis Carlos , Camargo Silveira Valéria
Published: July 2022

Introduction: In several cultures—primitive, modern, and contemporary—the body represents an object of communication. According to the definition of the Descriptors in Health Science, self-mutilation is the “act of damaging one’s own body until permanent destruction of a limb or other essential body region is achieved.” Self-mutilation is a kind of agreement to avoid total annihilation of the person, in other words, suicide. In this perspective, it represents a victory, sometimes a pyrrhic victory, of the life drive over the death drive, where a dichotomous relationship is assumed.

Case Report: An 18-year-old, female, student, smoker, alcoholic, refers that she doesn’t use illicit drugs. She reports that months before her mother’s death she started self-mutilating behaviors on her arm, forearm, and thigh. When asked about the reasons that drove her to practice physical injuries on her own body, the patient verbalized: “I feel relief when I provoke another pain different from the one I feel internally.” She adds: “I don’t feel panic when I see blood running down my arm”; “today I am no longer able to cry, so I feel the need to inflict self-injury.” She affirms that at the moment before the mutilation acts, she is balanced, and there are no triggering factors for the injuries.

Conclusion: The undeniable psychic precariousness makes this “private” self-mutilation show, in the recourse to the act-pain, the conceivable damage truly experienced by the subject. In this dimension of absence or emptiness and when facing the act of self-mutilation, the physician is called to exercise not to capture the look of the mutilated body, but to resort to the artifices of a clinic whose ethics is based on listening to a subject trapped in the repetition of the same.
Rejuvenating Pakistan-Russia Relations: Discernable Trends and Future
Authors: Almas Haider Naqvi and Yasir Masood
Published: July 2022

Amid changing geopolitical and geostrategic milieu along with the evolving inter-regional economic prospects and emerging threats to the regional stability, high-level bilateral engagements bring Russia and Pakistan to begin a new era of relationship. The institutional framework between the two countries facilitates them adequately to collaborate in the fields of defence, trade, investment, economy, science, technology, agriculture, education and culture. In the backdrop of situation in Afghanistan, the Indian tilt towards the West and other regional developments led to renewed bilateral relations between Russia and Pakistan. It is imperative that this renewed relationship between both the countries must be viewed on the strategic and regional canvas. Apparently, no major obstacles restrict them to improve their multi-dimensional relations but certain factors may lead to slow down their pace of growth, which needs to be unearthed through critical lens. This paper intends to analyse the recent improvements in Pak-Russia relations in terms of its viability, the prospects of cooperation, current and discernible challenges for trade and investment and other key factors involved in this relation in a descriptive mannaer.
PENGIMPLEMENTASIAN METODE PEMBELAJARAN JIGSAW DALAM PEMBELAJARAN KARYA SENI RUPA TIGA DIMENSI DISALAHSATU SEKOLAH MENENGAH ATAS NEGERI DI KABUPATEN KARAWANG
Authors: Nina Kodariah
Published: July 2022

Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian Tindakan kelas dalam pembelajaran seni tiga dimensi disalahsatu SMAN di Kabupaten Karawang.  Dalam penelitian ini peneliti mengimplementasikan mtode Jigsaw yang mampu menjadi penawar mujarab terhadap peningkatan hasil belajar yang dilakukan oleh siswa pada pembelajaran karya seni rupa tiga dimensi. Peneliti menguraikan bahwa hasil belajar siswa pada masa pra-siklus adalah 47, 22%. Pada siklus I terjadi peningkatan hasil belajar menjadi 72,22%. Terakhir, hasil belajar siswa dengan menerapkan metode Jigsaw pada pembelajaran karya seni rupa tiga dimensi ini menjadi naik secaras signifikan menjadi 88,89%.  Kenaikan hasil belajar ini pada tiap siklus ini menunjukan bahwa metode jigsaw dalam penelitian tindakan kelas ini dianggap berhasil untuk menaikan hasil belajar siswa pada pembelajaran seni rupa tiga dimensi ini.
Emulgel: A revolution in topical drug delivery system
Authors: Ahmed Syed Akhlaque , Verma Sushma , Khan Suhail , Sharma Alka
Published: July 2022

Topical delivery of drugs is one of the ideal routes of administrating a wide range of drug candidates and emulgels are emerging as a novel formulation, which exhibited the characteristics of both the emulsions and gels. Emulgel demonstrated improved penetrability during several studies and it is able to deliver hydrophilic as well as hydrophobic drugs and hence overcome the limitations of traditionally available topical preparations. More stable and effective emulgels can be prepared by nanonizing and micronizing the globules of emulsions, which improves the stability and half-life of Emulgels. The commercial availability along with the presence of strong clinical pipeline of emulgels is indicating towards the acceptance of this formulation while several advantages associated with this approach is also suggesting towards its potential as ideal topical drug delivery system. This article enlisted in-depth information about the emulgels, its components and structure along with the general method of production, evaluation and future scenario of this approach. The article also involved information about the patents insight, commercially available products and previously used drugs for developing stable emulgels.
Pain control post IMRT for malignant pleural mesothelioma
Authors: Amin Mohamed , Lotayef Mohamed , Gaafar Rabab Mohamed , Abdelrahman Abdelrahman Mohamed , Mokhtar Maha Hassan , Fattah Sherweif Abdel
Published: July 2022

Purpose: This is retrospective study-reviewing patients with unresectable pleural mesothelioma who received IMRT as part of their treatment course. This work aimed to study pain control and improvement among this group of patients. Methods and Materials: Between 2016 and 2020, 50 patients with unresectable malignant pleural mesothelioma following chemotherapy, of both sex and different age groups, were treated with pleural IMRT to the hemithorax (median dose, 46.8 Gy) at The National Cancer Institute, Cairo University. Results: Of the 30 patients, 38% had stage II, 62 % had stage III, and all received induction chemotherapy (mostly cisplatin and pemetrexed) before IMRT.Patients were evaluable at week 5 post radiotherapy, 17 patients (56.7%) had an improvement of ≥30 % while 6 patients (20 %) had < 30 % pain improvement and 7 patients (23.3%) reported no pain improvement, with overall response rate was 77 %. Conclusion: Treating malignant pleural mesothelioma patients with IMRT is a feasible treatment option with an acceptable rate of pneumonitis.
Rereading of William Shakespeare’s Romeo and Juliet
Authors: Nandana I , Indu B
Published: July 2022

Psychology and literature are interconnected in more ways than one.                                                                                                                                                                     In plays and novels, the characters are expected to be “psychologically true”. Readers may model their lives up on the patterns of play or on the lives of fictional heroes and heroines. Young readers are often more strongly influenced this way.  William Shakespeare’s works lead to such psychological influences in one way or the other. One of William Shakespeare’s best psychological works Romeo and Juliet, written in the 1500s is the tragic story of two ‘star-crossed lovers ‘who were led towards death because of their psychological trauma and their immaturity. The purpose of this paper is to analyse the psychology of teenagers in Shakespeare’s Romeo and Juliet- their emotions, moods, sensations, immature thoughts - which lead to their mental stress and tragic end and also to examine the psychological aspects of other minor characters in the play.
Adopting modern trends in writing university theses in the methods of teaching Arabic
Authors: Abbas Hadeer Khadeer , Ghine Zeena Jabbar
Published: July 2022

The current research aims to adopt the modern trends in writing university theses in the methods of teaching the Arabic language in the light of modern trends. Then they proceeded to analyze theses in the methods of teaching Arabic, and to confirm the stability of the analysis they used two methods: the first analysis by another analyst, and the second re-analysis after a period of time (59) days. The extent of verification and non-verification.
Polymorphism in Glutathione Transferases (GST) association with risk of childhood acute lymphoblastic leukemia Najaf province
Authors: Abdullah Maryam Isam , Al-Nahi Alaa Shakir
Published: July 2022

Total sample number 90 were 60 children diagnosed with Acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) collect form Center Tumor cancer in Najaf , and select 30 children normal heath ( control) from Amir al-Muminin Hospital and study conduct with  molecular lab biology in the Department of Biology / Faculty of Science – University of Kufa, during the period from November 2021 to April 2022. The results of This study show GSTM1 and GSTT1 genotypes in 60 children with ALL and 30 healthy controls were compared, Patients  and healthy who carried  present GSTM1ella  allele about ( 26.6% , 40%)  respectively , who are of them null GSTM1 (73.3% , 60% ) respectively ,also this study showed the significantly in  null GSTT1ella  when compared between patients and control (p < 0.00 ). as well as presence the heterozygous ella (GSTT1- GSTM 1- /  GSTM1- GSTT1+ & GSTM1+ GSTT1- ) in patient and control about ( 13.3% , 40% , 33.3%) and  (6.6% 53,3% ,6,6%)  respectively.
Ensayo de fundamentos microeconómicos de la macroeconomía
Authors:   Investigador Independiente, Ecuador., LOZANO TORRES BOLÍVAR VICENTE
Published: July 2022

En la misma forma en que el precio de una mercancía está establecido por medio de la oferta y la demanda, así está establecido la tasa de interés por la oferta y demanda de los ahorros. De lo anterior se deduce que cualquier cambio en la tasa de interés existente origina una disparidad entre el ahorro y la inversión, por igual que una desviación del equilibrio en los precios del mercado implica que la oferta y demanda no están equilibradas. Lo original sobre este criterio clásico del ahorro y la inversión, es que la tasa de interés sirve como el mecanismo por medio del cual el ahorro se pone en equilibrio con la inversión, sin tener en cuenta el nivel del ingreso. La teoría dominante cuyas raíces se encuentran en el planteamiento que la tasa de interés es real y, que el financiamiento es resultado de la intermediación en el mercado de capitales, donde está establecido una tasa interés de equilibrio que iguala la inversión y el ahorro, con pleno trabajo de los elementos productivos.
La economía informal. Una toma de decisión fundamental en la actualidad
Authors:   Instituto Superior Tecnológico Vicente Rocafuerte, Guayaquil, Ecuador., ALVARADO BARRERA LISSETTE FERNANDA , AVENDAÑO BRIONES ÁNGEL VICENTE ,   Instituto Superior Tecnológico Vicente Rocafuerte, Guayaquil, Ecuador., MORÁN MURILLO PRISCILA NARCISA ,   Instituto Superior Tecnológico Vicente Rocafuerte, Guayaquil, Ecuador.
Published: July 2022

Una de las características fundamentales en el desarrollo de la vida del ser humano es que constantemente debe tomar decisiones que permitan garantizar, como mínimo, las necesidades básicas. En este sentido, son diversos los factores que se deben considerar para poder elegir una situación sobre otra, más si es la decisión de compra o pago por producto o servicios ofrecidos por la economía informal. Estos factores pueden ser cognitivos conductuales de los individuos, la economía familiar, la economía del estado o global, tiempo de respuesta, situación geográfica del lugar, entre otros. Por lo cual, el objetivo general de la investigación es analizar la influencia de la economía informal en la toma de decisión de los usuarios en la actualidad. La metodología se basó en un diseño bibliográfico con un tipo de investigación documental. Los resultados se basaron en las características de la economía informal y la toma de decisiones como factor de desarrollo en la economía informal. Como conclusión, en la actualidad la economía informal es un factor clave en la decisión de compra de los ciudadanos, debido a los costos de los productos y servicios, debido a que el precio de venta es mucho menor que en aquellos que se encuentran en mercados legales y formales, producto de la evasión de tributos y de no cancelar gastos de arrendamientos y operatividad comercial; esto permite que la decisión sea impulsada por el carácter cognitivo racional del cerebro que juzga basado en la economía familiar, seguido después del carácter emocional impulsado por el aspecto subjetivo del individuo; por lo tanto, la economía informal tendrá siempre un protagonismo dentro de la economía siempre y cuando no mejoren los factores políticos, económicos, sociales y culturales que deben impulsar los gobiernos de turno.
Importancia del comercio intrarregional en el crecimiento de América Latina
Authors:   Universidad Estatal del Sur de Manabí, Jipijapa, Ecuador., VÁSQUEZ PONCE GARY ORLINDO ARTURO , BUENDÍA NOROÑA PATRICIO EDGAR ,   Universidad de Guayaquil, Guayaquil, Ecuador.
Published: July 2022

El comercio intrarregional es importante para el crecimiento, desarrollo y la prosperidad de América Latina. Basado en las características del comercio internacional, el comercio en América Latina depende de políticas económicas internacionales correctas, así como de negociaciones internacionales que promuevan las alianzas comerciales en la región. Mediante una investigación documental, se estudia la importancia del comercio intrarregional en el crecimiento de América Latina cuyos países comercian principalmente materias primas de exportación y productos terminados para la importación, que debido a la poca inversión en el sector industrial, científico y tecnológico no pueden producir y las instituciones de cooperación en las que los países de América Latina son parte no han logrado priorizar o consolidar convenios o tratados que permitan la unión económica sólida de la región.
Pronóstico de muerte en pacientes hospitalizados en UCI con Hemorragia intracerebral
Authors:   Universidad Católica Santiago de Guayaquil, Guayaquil, Ecuador., GARCÍA CARLOS ANDRÉS , COZAR NAYELI CAMILA ,   Universidad Católica Santiago de Guayaquil, Guayaquil, Ecuador., AGUILAR YULEYDI LIZBETH ,   Universidad Católica Santiago de Guayaquil, Guayaquil, Ecuador.
Published: July 2022

La hemorragia intracerebral es una emergencia neurológica frecuente, que representa entre el 6,5 y el 19,6% de todos los accidentes cerebrovasculares y se asocia a tasas de morbilidad y mortalidad más elevadas que los accidentes cerebrovasculares isquémicos. El objetivo de este trabajo es conocer el porcentaje de pronóstico de muerte a corto plazo en pacientes que se encuentran en UCI y que desarrollaron una hemorragia intracerebral. Esta investigación se basó en una metodología con diseño no experimental de tipo descriptivo, de igual manera se utilizó el método de revisión sistemática de la bibliografía correspondiente a través de bases de datos como PubMed, Scopus, etc donde se aplicaron criterios de inclusión y exclusión a la búsqueda con términos MeSH. Los factores clínicos por sí solos superaron a los radiológicos en la predicción de resultados y demostraron una buena capacidad de predicción de resultados, subrayando el impacto de la edad del paciente, las comorbilidades y el nivel de conciencia en el pronóstico a largo plazo.