bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
ENHANCING THE ABSORPTION OF RUTIN AND EFFECTIVE CANCER MANAGEMENT THROUGH HYALURONIC ACID FUNCTIONALIZED NANOPARTICLES
Authors: BHUVANESWARI S. SRI , KUMUDHA D.
Published: July 2024

Objective: The objective of this study is to develop Rutin Nanoparticles (RTN) and coat them with Hyaluronic Acid (HA) to overcome rutin's solubility and bioavailability limitations, and to enhance its uptake by cancer cells through selective delivery mechanisms.
Methods: RTN were synthesized employing soya lecithin and chitosan through the homogenization technique. To further enhance the delivery of rutin to cancer cells, the optimized nanoparticle formulation was coated with HA to enhance its accumulation in cancer cells. The nanoparticles were characterized in terms of particle size (PS) distribution, zeta potential (ZP), entrapment efficiency (EE), morphology, in vitro drug release and in vitro cytotoxicity activities.
Results: The resulting RTN and HA-coated RTN (HA RTN) exhibited particle sizes of 202.8 nm and 714 nm, with Polydispersity index (PDI) values of 26.4% and 25.5%, respectively. These findings suggest favourable stability and potential for cellular uptake. Moreover, in vitro examinations of drug release showcased a prolonged release pattern consistent with the Higuchi kinetic model, indicating a mechanism where drug release is primarily governed by diffusion. The in vitro cytotoxicity assay revealed that the HA RTN formulation demonstrated superior efficacy in inhibiting MCF-7 cells compared to free rutin and the uncoated RTN, as evidenced by the respective IC50 values of 145µg, 342 µg, and 413 µg.
Conclusion: These findings highlight the promising potential of the HA RTN formulation as an effective anti-cancer treatment, paving the way for further development and clinical application of rutin-loaded nanoparticles in cancer therapy.
RETINOL STABILITY IN ANTI-AGING FACE SERUM POST-OPENING PERIOD
Authors: MAGGADANI BAITHA PALANGGATAN , RAHMAYATI RISA , RUKMANA TAUFIQ INDRA , MULYADI CALLISTA ANDINIE
Published: July 2024

Objective: This study aimed to evaluate the stability of retinol in facial serum products under various storage conditions during a specific period after the product is opened. Retinol analysis will be conducted using reversed-phase high-performance liquid chromatography with a UV detector.
Methods: The optimum analytical method in this study was validated according to the ICH Q2 (R1) guideline. The chromatographic separation of retinol was achieved on RP-HPLC isocratic elution method at a wavelength of 324 nm, C18 column, mobile phase of methanol-acetonitrile (90:10), and a flow rate of 0.8 ml/min.
Results: The recovery value for this method was 98.06%-101.6,6%, with RSD ≤ 2%. Limit of Detection (LOD) and limit of Quantification (LOQ) values obtained were 1.1819 µg/ml and 3.9399 µg/ml. Determining retinol levels in face serum samples with variation in storage conditions was conducted on d 0, 7, 14, 21, and 30. The retinol levels in all storage conditions decreased over the 30 d, ranging from 25% to 79%. The highest decrease was observed in samples stored in transparent containers and exposed to light, with a reduction of 79% and an average weekly decrease of 17%.
Conclusion: Stability evaluation of retinol in the serum formulation showed decreased retinol concentration over time during storage. Transferring the product to a secondary container and exposure to light resulted in a higher concentration decrease than storing it in the original bottle.
DETERMINATION OF PHARMACOKINETIC PARAMETERS FROM DISTRIBUTION STUDY FOLLOWING DEVELOPMENT AND VALIDATION OF A SENSITIVE LC-MS METHOD IN TISSUE MATRICES FOR 2-(4-ETHOXYPHENYLSULPHONAMIDO) PENTANEDIAMIDE, AN INVESTIGATIONAL ANTICANCER AGENT
Authors: YEASMIN NILUFA , MISHRA SUVASISH , SEN SUBRATA
Published: July 2024

Objective: The aim of this study was to develop and validate bioanalytical methods for estimation of 2-(4-ethoxyphenyl sulphamido) pentanediamide (PC), an investigational anticancer agent, in various organ/tissue matrices to study various Pharmacokinetic parameters using lC-MS.
Methods: Freshly prepared tissue homogenates from Sprague-Dawley rats were used as matrices to develop the bioanalytical method in lC-MS to determine Cmax, Tmax, AUC0-t, AUC0-inf, T1/2, and mean Residence Time (MRT). The distribution study was conducted by administering PC orally to Sprague-Dawley rats and quantifying PC in different excised organs at different points. A non-compartmental analysis was done using ‘PK solver’ software.
Results: In all the tissue matrices, the concentrations of PC were found in the linear range of 10 to 5000 ng/ml. High level of precision, accuracy, and recovery, with negligible matrix effects, were found. PC was distributed in all tissues except the brain. Pharmacokinetic parameters such as Tmax and MRT were between 1.11±0.12 to 2.33±0.11 h and 2.17±0.16 to 4.01±0.25 h respectively in the liver, lung, heart, spleen, kidney, and thymus.
Conclusion: Simple and sensitive lC-MS methods for PC in different tissue matrices were developed and validated. As PC does not cross Blood Brain Barrier (BBB), it will not adversely affect Central Nervous System (CNS). PC is absorbed fast from Gastro Intestinal Tract (GIT) to blood and subsequently reaches the different tissues. Consequently, a fast onset of action will be seen. To sum up, PC is a probable potential anticancer agent with no or minimal adverse effects on CNS.
ANALYTICAL METHOD DEVELOPMENT, VALIDATION AND SOLUBILITY ESTIMATION OF NICARDIPINE HCL IN VARIOUS OIL SOLVENTS, SURFACTANTS AND COSURFACTANTS
Authors: PAGAR RAHUL Y. , GANGURDE AVINASH B.
Published: July 2024

Objective: This study is focused on the development of an analytical method and the evaluation of the solubility of Nicardipine HCl (NHCL) in various oil solvents, surfactants, and cosurfactants using the saturated solubility determination method employing UV Spectrophotometry. Methods: Lipophilic solvents such as Caprylic Capric, Soyabean oil, linseed oil, Coconut oil, Sunflower oil, Corn oil, Olive oil, Peanut oil, and Cottonseed oil were utilized, along with surfactants Tween 60 and Tween 80, and cosurfactants PEG 200 and Transcutol HP. Analytical validation parameters, including linearity and range, precision, limit of Detection (LOD), limit of Quantification (LOQ), ruggedness, robustness, and accuracy, were assessed according to the International Council for Harmonisation (ICH) guidelines. The solubility of NHCL in all of the aforementioned solvents was evaluated using the saturated solubility determination method. Results: Linearity analysis revealed a linear relationship, determined by an R2 value between concentration and absorbance. Intra-day precision demonstrates method reliability, with all Percent Relative Standard Deviation (%RSD) values ranging between 0.8426 and 1.9417%. LOD and LOQ values ranged between 1.1478 and 8.1632 µg/ml and 3.4783 and 24.7368 µg/ml, respectively. Ruggedness analysis exhibited good control over external experimental factors, with %RSD between 0.3433 and 1.9183%. Robustness assessment demonstrated consistent performance even with slight changes in environmental conditions, with %RSD between 0.5450 and 1.6443%. Accuracy study indicated % recovery values between 98.53 and 100.89%, suggesting minimal interference from excipients in the formulation. Conclusion: Caprylic Capric, as an oil/triglyceride, exhibited a solubility of 0.94 mg/ml. Tween-80, as a surfactant, showed a solubility of 23.58 mg/ml, and Transcutol HP, as a cosurfactant, demonstrated a solubility of 38.18 mg/ml for NHCL
Plant Level Performance of Coal Fired Public Sector Thermal Power Generation in India
Authors: Singh Satvir
Published: July 2024

The present paper attempts to measure the plant level performance of 75 coal fired public sector thermal power plants in India for the period 2014-15 to 2017-18 using non parametric approach, Data Envelope Analysis (DEA) with a single output i.e. Power generation and five inputs viz. installed capacity, planned maintenance, forced outages, auxiliary power consumption and specific coal consumption. The performance level of the plants in the study has been categorized into three main groups. The first group includes the plants which have unit efficiency on CRS, VRS and scale efficiency scores, the second group includes the plants with optimal VRS efficiency but lower scale efficiency, and third group includes the plants with less than unit VRS and scale efficiency. The study observed 7 to 8 plants in first group, 21 to 24 in second in second group, and rest in third group. The mean technical efficiency for the period under study varied from 66.1% to 100% under CRS, VRS and Scale efficiency. The study also revealed the differences in plant level performance both at operator and regional level. The mean technical efficiency has remained more or less same with minor fluctuations but the number of thermal power plants with technical efficiency above the mean technical efficiency shows an increasing trend.
Integrated Management of Leaf Spot of Aloe Vera Caused by Alternaria alternata through Chemicals and Plant Extracts
Authors: Arshad Nimra
Published: July 2024

Aloe Vera (Aloe Barbadenisis Miller) plant used for centuries for its medicinal, beauty, health and skin care properties. It is a xerophytic, succulent, pea-green colored plant which contains vitamins, minerals, sugar, enzymes, lignin, salicylic acid, saponins and amino acids. Leaf spot of Aloe vera caused by Alternaria alternata, is the most significant fungal infection affecting commercial Aloe vera farming. Current study was designed to investigate the effects of chemicals and botanicals against leaf spot disease of Aloe vera. For this purpose, infected plants of Aloe vera were gathered Horticultural Research Area, UAF. The fungus was isolated, purified and identified at Phytopathology Laboratory. Five fungicides and plant extracts were used with three different concentrations under completely randomized design (CRD). The outcomes of current study indicated that, among tested plant extracts, Clove inhibited maximum mycelial growth (6.53 mm) followed by Garlic (9.52 mm), Turmeric (10.42 mm), Ginger (11.52 mm) and Black pepper (13.42 mm), whereas among fungicides Tilt showed significant inhibitory effects against pathogen with minimum mycelial growth (6.60 mm), while Champion was found least effective among fungicides having maximum fungal growth (13.71 mm). Moreover, under greenhouse conditions most effective phyto-extract (Clove), chemical (Tilt) and their amalgamation were applied on inoculated aloe vera plants and found that the combination expressed most effective results against disease with least disease severity percentage (9.92%), followed by solo application of Tilt (13.82%) and clove (23.82%). It was suggested that Tilt as solo application or in combination with clove extract could be used as effective remedy to control leaf spot disease of aloe vera, however for home gardens extract of clove is highly recommended due to non-toxic effects on human health.
The Right to Go to Court as One of the Ways to Protect the Labor Rights of Athletes and Coaches
Authors: Rzhepik Ya. N.
Published: July 2024

The article is devoted to the problems of implementing the right to judicial protection of the labor rights of athletes and coaches. It was right under international and Russian law and one of the most important elements of a person’s legal status. At the same time, the realization of the right to judicial protection in sport has its own characteristics, because athletes and coaches actually cannot choose the legal authority, that will consider the case. In this research judicial practice is analyzed, in which considered the issue of the possible application of sanctions to an athlete for appealing to a state court. The study concludes that, despite the presence in sport of its own special system of dispute resolution bodies, the application of sanctions for the use of one of the fundamental constitutional and labor rights does not find a reasonable justification.
Pengaruh Ekstrak Daun Sirih (Piper betle Linn.) Terhadap Pertumbuhan Bakteri Streptococcus viridans
Authors: Harlis Harlis , Wahyuni Indah
Published: July 2024

Penelitian ini dilakukan untuk melihat pengaruh dari ekstrak daun sirih terhadap pertumbuhan bakteriStreptococcus viridans penyebab penyakit karies gigi. Rancangan percobaan yang digunakan adalahRancangan Acak Lengkap (RAL) dengan 6 perlakuan konsentrasi (0%, 10%, 30%, 50%, 70% dan 90%).Pengamatan dilakukan terhadap diameter daerah hambat menggunakan kertas cakram. Berdasarkan hasilpenelitian diperoleh rata-rata diameter daerah hambat (zona hallow) tertinggi pada pemberian konsentrasi90%, tidak berbeda nyata dengan konsentrasi 50% dan 70%. Selanjutnya pemberian konsentrasi ekstrakdaun sirih 0% dan 10% memberikan hasil terendah terhadap diameter daerah hambat dan berbeda nyatadengan perlakuan lainnya. Konsentrasi ekstrak daun sirih 50%-90% merupakan konsentrasi yang terbaikdalam menghambat pertumbuhan bakteri Streptococcus viridans.
Protein Biji Kelor Sebagai Bahan Aktif Penjernihan Air
Authors: Hidayat Saleh
Published: July 2024

Kelor memiliki sejumlah keuntungan bagi manusia seperti bahn sayur yang hiegenis,obat-obatan, bahan baku kosmetik dan sabun. Hasil penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa biji kelor bisadigunakan sebagai bio-koagulan karena mengandung protein berumuatan positif yang dapat berperansebagai kation polielektolit dan penting dalam agen bio-koagulan.
Mekanisme Regenerasi Anggota Tubuh Hewan
Authors: Lukman Aprizal
Published: July 2024

Morphogenetic process of ontogenetic cycle is the destruction model of certain systemthat had been developed in advanced. An animal organism occupy an ability to fix its own hurtextensively due to natural or physical accident on experiment.
Ekstrak Biji Nimba (Azadirachta indica A. Juss) sebagai Insektisida nabati berpotensi terhadap Hama Ulat Grayak (Spodoptera litura F) di Pertanaman Kedelai (Glycine Max L)
Authors: Sayuthi Muhammad
Published: July 2024

Ulat grayak (Spodoptera litura F) merupakan salah satu hama utama tanaman kedelaiyang perlu penanganan secara cepat dan tepat, dengan memanfaatkan ekstrak biji nimba(Azadirachta indica A Juss) sebagai pestisida non sintetik yang ramah lingkungan. Penelitian inibertujuan untuk mempelajari keefektifan ekstrak biji nimba (A. indica) terhadap hama Ulat Grayak (S.litura), dan pengaruhnya terhadap pertumbuhan dan hasil tanaman kedelai. Kegiatan penelitian inidilaksanakan di Balai Pengkajian Teknologi Pertanian Nangroe Aceh Darussalam (BPTP) Bandaaceh. Menggunakan Rancangan acak Kelompok (RAK) dengan lima perlakuan dan 5 ulangan. Hasilpenelitian menunjukkan bahwa ekstrak biji nimba efektif untuk mengendalikan hama S. litura denganhasil tertinggi dijumpai pada perlakuan D (ekstrak biji nimba 20cc/l) dibandingkan perlakuan E(Decis). Insektisida sintetik (Decis) dengan konsentrasi anjuran efektif digunakan pada saat larva S.litura masih isntar I dan II. Apabila telah melewati instar tersebut lebih efektif digunakan dosis yanglebih tinggi.
Pemutihan Karang di Perairan Laut Natuna Bagian Selatan tahun 2010
Authors: Rudi Edi
Published: July 2024

Mass coral bleaching is caused by high sea surface temperatures (SST). SST in theNatuna Sea have risen rapidly since late April 2010 and caused mass coral bleaching. This research wascarried out on 14 sites in Tambelan and Serasan Islands, southern Natuna Sea on November 2010. Dataof colony number and coral genera of the bleaching coral were collected using 10 x 2 m2 belt transect atreef slope, 4 â€“ 6 meter depth below sea level. Each transect was replicated three times on each site.The research found 13 genera of bleaching coral. The bleaching coral number ranged from one to sevencolonies/transect. Acropora and Porites suffered the highest bleaching number and occurred on all sites.The highest degree of bleaching coral was occurred on the Manggirang Besar in Tambelan Islands.Over the course of data collection, bleaching in the Southern Natuna Sea was low and did not indicatethe presence of mass coral bleaching. However, the results confirm that a large number of dead coralwith algae (DCA) indicating that many corals might have been bleached approximately since July 2010.We urge the need to perform local and global actions such as promoting marine protected areas toconserve reef ecosystem especially in the southern Natuna.
Karakter Makromorfologi dan Mikromorfologi Duku, Kokosan, Langsat dalam Penentuan Status Taksonomi pada Kategori Infraspesies
Authors: Hanum Laila , Kasiamdari Rina Sri , Santosa Santosa , Rugayah Rugayah
Published: July 2024

Duku, kokosan dan langsat merupakan buah-buahan yang populer dan memiliki nilai ekonomi yang penting. Secara morfologi duku, kokosan dan langsatÂ  hampir mirip satu sama lain sehingga menyulitkan dalam penentuan pada tingkat infraspesies bagi para pemulia tanaman. Berbagai pendekatan untuk penentuan morfologi ini telah banyak dilakukan. Tujuan penelitian ini menentukan status taksonomi duku, kokosan dan langsat pada ketegori infraspesies berdasarkan karakteritik makro dan mikromorfologi. Berbagai variasi duku, langsat dan kokosan dikoleksi dari beberapa pusat pertanaman di Indonesia, meliputi wilayah Sumatera, Jawa dan Kalimantan. Preparasi herbarium tumbuhan meliputi koleksi sampel, persiapan, penempelan dan identifikasi. Analisis morfologi menggunakan metode pengamatan dan deskripsi, pengukuran karakter morfologi dilakukan baik pada organ generatif dan vegetatif meliputi bunga, batang, biji dan buah, dan semua sampel didokumentasikan dengan menggunakan foto. Hasil penelitian ini menunjukkan ditemukan 29 variasi dari duku, kokosan, dan langsat yang terdiri dari 19 duku, 2 kokosan dan 8 langsat dari semua wilayah. Hasil karakterisasi makro dan mikromorfologi menunjukkan duku, kokosan, dan langsat dari berbagai daerah di Indonesia dapat dinyatakan duku, kokosan, dan langsat merupakan marga Lansium, untuk kategori jenis adalah L. domesticum Correa dan pada kategori infraspesies dapat dibagi menjadi dua group yaitu group duku dan group kokosan-langsat.
Perubahan Indeks Kenyang Caplak Haemaphysalis bispinosa (Acari, Ixodidae) Selama Masa Makan
Authors: Winaruddin Winaruddin
Published: July 2024

The objective of this research was to know various engorgement indices and durationof attachment of female Haemaphysalis bispinosa. Two feeding experiment were designedusing the following female-male ratio 1:1 and 30:1. At same time every day up to detachmentthe body length, width and depth of females were measured using a caliper to the determine ofbody volume. Fed body weights of the females were weighed on a electric balance. The resultof this research indicates that rate of engorgement indices in females (1:1 ratio) and (30:1 ratio)increased with increasing duration of attachment (P< 0.05) and the relationship betweenduration of tick attachment was above 92%. The feeding rate of females of the 30:1 ratio waslower than that of 1:1 ratio ones up to the 72 hours in the duration attachment.
Kajian Etnobotani Peralatan Rumah Tangga Suku Anak Dalam di Taman Nasional Bukit Dua Belas Kabupaten Sarolangun, Jambi
Authors: Mairida Dwi , Hariyadi Bambang , Saudagar Fachruddin
Published: July 2024

Suku Anak Dalam (SAD) merupakan salah satu kelompok masyarakat pedalaman hutan Jambi yang memiliki kemampuan dan kemandirian dalam membuat peralatan rumah tangga. Taman Nasional Bukit Duabelas (TNBD) merupakan kawasan pelestarian alam yang menyediakan potensi berbagai jenis flora bagi masyarakat SAD untuk memenuhi berbagai keperluan, salah satunya adalah untuk membuat kerajinan tradisional peralatan rumah tangga. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengidentifikasi jenis-jenis peralatan rumah tangga yang digunakan SAD, mengkaji karakteristik dan cara pembuatan setiap peralatan, mengidentifikasi jenis-jenis tumbuhan yang dimanfaatkan, serta mengkaji perubahan penggunaan peralatan rumah tangga SAD. Pemilihan informan dilakukan menggunakan teknik snowball sampling. Data dikumpulkan dengan cara wawancara, observasi partisipasi aktif dan dokumentasi. Data yang diperoleh dianalisis secara deskriptif. Hasil penelitian menemukan 11 jenis peralatan rumah tangga yang biasa digunakan oleh SAD.Â  Peralatan tersebut dibuat dengan memanfaatkan 21 spesies tumbuhan yang termasuk kedalam 12 famili.
Keanekaragaman Jenis Gastropoda di Sekitar Tempat Pelelangan Ikan (TPI) Parit 7 Desa Tungkal I Tanjung Jabung Barat (Species Diversity of Gastropods around Parit Fish Auction, Tungkal I Village, West Tanjung Jabung)
Authors: NURRUDIN NURRUDIN , HAMIDAH Afreni , KARTIKA Winda Dwi
Published: July 2024

The objective of this research is to determine the gastropod species diversity aroundParit 7 fish auction, Tungkal 1 Village, West Tanjung Jabung. The research found 208 individuals of15 gastropods species: Cerithidea obtusa, Cerithidea alata, Cerithidea cingulata, Telescopiumtelescopium, Telescopium mauritsi, Littoraria melanostoma, Littoraria conica, Littoraria scabra,Nerita balteata, Neritina violacea, Neritina cornucopia, Stramonita gradata, Chicoreus capucinus,Cassidula aurisfelis, and Ellobium aurisjudae. The research concluded that the gastropod speciesdiversity around Parit 7 fish auction Tungkal 1 Village West Tanjung Jabung classified as mediumdue to H' index ranged from 1.79 to 2.28 and there is no dominant species.
Hubungan Panjang Berat dan Faktor Kondisi Ikan Seriding Ambassis gymnocephalus (Lacepede, 1802) Perairan Mangrove di Kawasan Konservasi
Authors: Wahyudewantoro Gema
Published: July 2024

Abstrak. Telah dilakukan penelitian tentang pertumbuhan ikan seriding Ambassis gymnocephalus di perairan TN. Ujung Kulon dan SM. Muara Angke. Tujuan penelitian ini untuk mengetahui hubungan panjang berat dan faktor kondisi. Ikan ditangkap dengan jaring insang (diameter mata jaring = Â¾ inch, 1 inch, 1,5 inch dan 2 inch) dan jala (diameter mata jaring = 1 cm dan 2 cm). Hasil yang diperoleh hubungan panjang berat yaitu nilai R untuk jantan 97,9% dan betina 99,0% di TN. Ujung Kulon dan di SM. Muara Angke nilai R 87,8% untuk jantan dan betina 88,4%. Pola pertumbuhan alometrik positif terjadi di TN. Ujung Kulon, sedangkan alometrik negatif di SM. Muara Angke. Nilai faktor kondisi pada 2 lokasi relatif mendukung. Kata kunci: mangrove, panjang-berat, faktor kondisi, seriding, TN. Ujung Kulon, SM. Muara Angke
Human resource development: enhancing entrepreneurial potential in MSMEs
Authors: Rosita Sry , Hasbullah Husni , Yacob Syahmardi
Published: July 2024

This study aims to explore the role of micro, small, and medium enterprises (MSMEs) in human resource development by enhancing entrepreneurial potential. Qualitative data were obtained using a descriptive exploratory approach from in-depth interviews with 41 MSME actors assisted by the Jambi City Manpower, Cooperatives, and Small and Medium Enterprises Office during managerial and technical guidance in 2023. The data were analyzed thematically and narratively to capture respondents' views and reasons. The study identifies various aspects of MSMEs, including business types, ideals, vision, mission, goals, sources of ideas, creativity and innovation, threats, strengths, weaknesses, and opportunities. It also examines the impact of education and training on human resource development and entrepreneurial potential. The findings indicate that MSMEs leverage diverse sources of ideas and exhibit significant creativity and innovation to adapt to business trends. However, further studies are needed to measure the long-term impact of human resource development. Additionally, the study calls for examining external factors such as government policies, market conditions, and technological advancements that influence human resource development and entrepreneurial potential in MSMEs.
Public expenditure and performance of the agricultural sector: evidence from Sri Lanka
Authors: Vickneswaran Anojan
Published: July 2024

This study investigates the influence of agricultural public expenditure on the performance of Sri Lanka's agriculture sector. Utilizing data sourced from the annual reports of the Ministry of Finance spanning 2011 to 2022, the findings reveal a significant and positive correlation between the recurrent expenditure of the Department of Agriculture (DoA) and the gross domestic production of the agriculture sector (p < 0.01). However, no statistical evidence supports a significant relationship between the Ministry of Agriculture's (MoA) capital expenditure and DoA and the performance of the agriculture sector. These results underscore the pivotal role of public recurrent agricultural expenditure in bolstering the agriculture sector's performance. Particularly noteworthy is the significant impact of DoA's recurrent expenditure on sectoral performance. The study advocates for increased budget allocation towards recurrent expenditure within the agriculture sector, especially emphasizing the importance of augmenting the DoA's recurrent expenditure to ensure enhanced performance and sustainability. Ultimately, the study underscores the critical importance of effective and efficient management of public funds in driving the agriculture sector's performance.
Economic and social factors and the impact of COVID-19 on the success and failure of women entrepreneurs: A study of governance context
Authors: Istaiteyeh Rasha , Mansour Lara , Talafha Qusai M.
Published: July 2024

The success of Jordanian women entrepreneurs during the COVID-19 pandemic has been affected by a range of non-financial factors. The research aims to understand the impact of economic and social factors on the success and failure of Jordanian women entrepreneurs, with a focus on the effects of the COVID-19 pandemic. On the other hand, this study sheds light on the reasons for the success of the projects of female entrepreneurs in Jordan, so it helps women to know the strengths that help them in the continuity and success of the project, after interviews conducted with 32 female entrepreneurs. The result was that the research confirms that project success goes beyond the financial aspects and involves careful planning and skills acquisition. This holistic perspective means that support programs should include a broader range of training modules, including business planning, project management, and personal skills development. By addressing these multifaceted aspects, women entrepreneurs can build a more resilient foundation for their businesses. In summary, entrepreneurship is not only affected by financial matters, and COVID-19 did not only have a bad effect, but it had a good effect on most women. Therefore, we must take into account that it was a reason for the success of most women in their projects.
Chronicle
Authors: Editorial Article
Published: July 2024

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Predictors of unfavourable treatment outcomes for HIV-associated MDR-TB in patients with viral hepatitis C
Authors: Kukurika A. V.
Published: July 2024

The aim of study – to identify predictors of unfavorable outcomes in patients with co-morbidities of multidrug-resistant tuberculosis (MDR-TB); HIV infection; and viral hepatitis C (HCV) to optimize care.

Materials and Methods. A total of 132 patients with MDRTB/HIV/HCV triple infection were included in the study: 112 individuals with favorable outcomes and 20 patients with unfavorable outcomes. To assess predictors of unfavorable outcomes; odds ratios and 95% confidence intervals were calculated. 95% confidence interval were calculated; and a prognostic model was built using logistic regression.

Results. Generalization tuberculosis process increased the chance of unfavorable outcome by 8.13 times (95% CI: 2.252 – 29.354; p<0.001); treatment with chemotherapy regimens without the inclusion of the new highly effective antituberculosis drugs – 5.333 times (95% CI: 0.059 – 0.597; p=0.002); undesirable adverse drug reactions – 4.263 times (95% CI: 0.938 to 19.370; p=0.044); severe adverse drug reactions – 6.429 times (95% CI: 1.889 – 21.878; p=0.001); level of CD4-lymphocyte count less than 50 cells/µL – 7 times (95% CI: 2.180 – 22.482; p<0.001); stage 4B HIV infection – 4.1 times (95% CI: 1.527 – 11.007; p=0.003).

Conclusion. The results obtained indicate the need to further study the problem of HIV-associated MDR-TB in combination with HCV in order to develop evidence-based algorithms for the management of this category of patients; taking into account the identified predictors of unfavorable treatment outcomes.
Proportional Thinking Characteristics of Students In Solving Direct Proportion Problems in Junior High School
Authors: Lanani Karman , Nur Isman Muhammad , Sari Diah Prawitha
Published: July 2024

One of the most common obstacles students face when solving proportion problems is their tendency to use the addition concept rather than the multiplication concept. This study aims to analyze and characterize the proportional thinking characteristics of students who solve direct proportion problems. The research employs a qualitative, exploratory-descriptive methodology. The subjects were three eighth-grade students. Data was collected in two stages using supplementary instruments, including direct proportion questions and interviews. In the initial stage, students answered questions orally while researchers observed their activities and took notes, which were confirmed during interviews. In the second stage, task-based interviews were used to investigate the students' proportional thinking processes. Data analysis involved examining the students' work and interview transcripts, which were then coded to identify noteworthy findings. The study identified three characteristics of proportional thinking: (1) additive different thinking; (2) multiplication continuation thinking; and (3) multiplication proximity thinking. The foundation for solving direct proportion problems lies in students' understanding of the relationship between two quantities in a ratio. Teachers should prioritize the explicit disclosure of students' cognitive processes related to the subject matter. Additional studies are recommended to further investigate students' cognitive processes.
School Community Disaster Resilience: Promoting Geological Disaster Preparedness among Early Childhood Education Teachers
Authors: Rahma Aldila , Rizkiyani Fanny , Sari Dianti Yunia , Palupi Indriati Retno
Published: July 2024

Preparedness of all components of the school community, including teachers, is essential to build a school's resilience to disasters. This study aims to: (1) examine the geological disaster preparedness level of Early Childhood Education (ECE) teachers in Cisompet District, Garut Regency, and (2) investigate the effectiveness of education on geological disaster preparedness for ECE teachers. This descriptive quantitative study involved 86 ECE teachers recruited using convenient sampling. Data collection was carried out using a pre-test and post-test questionnaire. The results revealed that the teachers' geological disaster preparedness index was 68.94 (ready), which comprised parameters of knowledge and attitudes, emergency response plans, disaster warning systems, and resource mobilization. A geological disaster preparedness education program was conducted for ECE teachers, covering types of geological disasters, potential disasters in Cisompet District, and the establishment of disaster-safe schools. Based on the increase in the percentage of correct answers between the pre-test and post-test, the geological disaster preparedness education for ECE teachers was deemed relatively effective. However, the study found that there is no disaster warning system in either schools or community areas, despite the high disaster risk index. Follow-up activities, particularly through hands-on practice such as disaster evacuation simulations, formulating school disaster contingency plans, and developing learning innovations with disaster content for young children, are still needed.
Character Building in Students through “Rumi Sang Pemimpi”: A Digital Book Approach
Authors: Harmawati Yuni , Sapriya Sapriya , Abdulkarim Aim , Bestari Prayoga
Published: July 2024

Technological advancements have transformed the learning landscape for students in schools. Unlike the past, where discussions were confined to the classroom, today's students engage in digital discussions through platforms like Zoom Meetings, Google Classroom, or school-provided eLearning. The impact of technology on students is twofold, presenting both positive and negative aspects. In an effort to enhance student learning and character development, researchers have created a non-text digital book on citizenship education. Utilizing Borg and Gall's research methodology, data collection involved questionnaires, focus group discussions, interviews, and observations. The research findings demonstrate the viability of digital non-text civics education books, indicating their applicability in junior high schools to bolster students' hard-working character. Significant differences in the aspect of hard work were observed between the experimental and control groups in various tests. In conclusion, digital books with the theme ”Rumi Sang Pemimpi” (in English: ”Rumi the Dreamer”) prove effective in strengthening students' character, particularly their hard-working traits. The researcher recommends further exploration of characters in the digital book related to digital citizenship.
Virtual Reality-Assisted Historical Empathy-Based Multicultural Learning Model to Enhance High School Students' Empathy
Authors: Sumargono Sumargono , Sinaga Risma Margaretha , Ariyani Farida , Rini Riswanti
Published: July 2024

Multicultural learning is widely used in high school history education. This study aims to determine the effectiveness of a historical empathy-based multicultural learning model (MHE), assisted by virtual reality, to enhance student empathy. The research was conducted using the Research and Development (R&D) method with the Borg and Gall development model, consisting of ten steps. Data collection instruments included interviews, questionnaires, tests, observations, and Focus Group Discussions. Data analysis involved examining product validity, practicality, and effectiveness. The results showed that the final assessment of the MHE learning model obtained a content validity percentage of 93.40% and a construct validity percentage of 92%. The final assessment of the teaching module achieved a rate of 93.39%. The final assessment of the virtual reality learning media obtained a percentage of 92.10%. Thus, the learning models, textbooks, teaching modules, and virtual reality learning media are declared "Very Valid" and "Suitable for Use." The MHE multicultural learning model makes a significant contribution to future educational research by providing a deeper understanding of the history, culture, and life experiences of diverse community groups.
Senior High School Students’ Lack of Truth-Seeking Behavior in Mathematics Problem Solving
Authors: Rahmawati Mira , Kurniati Dian , Kristiana Arika Indah , Susanto Susanto , Alfarisi Ridho , Osman Sharifah
Published: July 2024

The objective of this study is to discern the patterns of truth-seeking behaviors among students when tackling mathematics problems involving an unknown universe of discourse. Employing a qualitative descriptive approach, the research encompassed stages including instrument preparation and validation, data collection from two mathematics problems with no specified universal set, subject selection, data analysis, triangulation, and interpretation. The research group consisted of tenth-grade high school students who were considered to have ideal abilities in problem-solving. The instrument used was valid and reliable. The findings reveal that students tend to exhibit a lack of truth-seeking behavior when tackling problem-solving tasks. These behaviors include: (1) verifying the universal set, (2) articulating and defining the universal set, (3) documenting the formulas used to solve problems according to the objectives, (4) outlining the steps employed, (5) working through the questions in accordance with predetermined steps, and (6) evaluating the outcomes obtained to ensure their alignment with the established objectives. Their behavioral patterns unfold as follows: (1) comprehending questions to extract problem details and jotting down pertinent information during the problem identification phase, (2) identifying and documenting the queries posed in questions during the goal-setting stage, (3) utilizing all established information during the strategy implementation phase, and (4) formulating conclusions and conducting result verification during the review and evaluation stage. Future researchers can develop learning methods to familiarize students with truth-seeking behaviors.
PENDIDIKAN MATEMATIKA REALISTIK UNTUK MENINGKATKAN HASIL BELAJAR SISWA KELAS III DI SEKOLAH DASAR
Authors: Pakpahan Yanti Mayangsari , Sinaga Reflina , Simarmata Ester Julinda , Tanjung Darinda Sofia , Abi Antonius Remigius
Published: July 2024

This research aims to improve student Mathematics learning outcomes through Realistic Mathematics Education. This research is action research, where the subjects of this research are class III students at SD Negeri 181021 Pancur Batu. Data collection techniques involve observing teacher and student activities, and testing student learning outcomes. The results of research conducted on the pre-test scores of students who completed were only 6 or 28.57%, while students who did not complete were 15 or 71.42%. The results of the research in cycle I were 14 students who got a pass mark or 66.66%, while 7 students or 33.33% did not complete it with an average score of 61.09%. In cycle II, there were 17 students who got a complete score or 80.95%. Meanwhile, 4 students or 19.04% did not complete with an average score of 75.09%. Furthermore, teacher activities in the first cycle of observation obtained an average of 50% and in the second cycle it increased to 84%. Meanwhile, student activity in the learning process in cycle I obtained a score of 52 with sufficient criteria and in cycle II experienced an increase with a score of 86 with very good criteria.
Rancang Bangun Sistem Detektor Gas Nh3 Pada Peternakan Broiler Berbasis Arduino
Authors: Ali Baso , Muhamin Muhaimin
Published: July 2024

This research aims to create an electronic circuit to detect ammonia gas levels using the MQ-135 sensor, making it easier for farmers to detect ammonia gas levels, which can hinder the growth of broiler chickens if too high. The research was conducted at the Karang-karangan Village Broiler Chicken Farm. This type of research uses Research and Development (R&D) for the manufacture and design of ammonia gas detection equipment on farms. The application of the ammonia gas detector consists of several steps: data collection, system analysis, design, manufacture, and system testing. The problem that occurs in broiler farms is farmers' ignorance of ammonia gas levels before spraying. The research results show that the detection tool can be used well, and farmers can easily operate it. Farmers must first find out the ammonia gas levels on the farm before spraying disinfectant, and if the sensor detects levels exceeding the normal safe limit, the buzzer will sound and display the value on the LCD screen.
When Black Women Speak
Authors: James Ann Charisse
Published: July 2024

How are Black women surviving the current climate in theater practices across the field? I asked several leaders in education, professional directors, actors and facilitators to chime in on how they are coping in an industry that has often neglected or overlooked our excellence. I asked them about their mental, physical and spiritual lives in relation to the work they are doing. I was interested in knowing if they were having better experiences now as opposed to when the social uprising after George Floyd's murder rallied the arts community. In their truthful and at times scathing reflections about the "state of the theater union", through it all there are glimpses of hope for a better future and an unbridled hope for joy in the making of art that speaks to us as Black women in The Arts.
A Review of Dramatic Movement of African American Women: The Intersections of Race, Gender, and Class
Authors: Paige Garrison Danielle
Published: July 2024

Garrison Paige reviews Yuvraj Nimbaji Herode's new book, Dramatic Movement of African American Women: The Intersections of Race, Gender, and Class from Anthem Press.
Yield Stability and Inter-Traits Relationships of Maize Hybrids Under Low- and Optimum-Nitrogen Conditions
Authors: Aboderin Olawale Serifdeen , Bankole Folusho Anuoluwapo , Oyekunle Muhyideen , Olaoye Gbadebo
Published: July 2024

The menace of low soil nitrogen poses a significant challenge to maize production in sub-Saharan Africa, necessitating the development of high-yielding hybrids with increased nitrogen (N) tolerance. Two hundred and forty (240) maize hybrids were evaluated across eight environments at Zaria and Mokwa in Nigeria during the 2020 and 2021 growing seasons, encompassing both low- and optimum-N conditions. The primary objective of the study was to identify high-yielding, stable, and low-N-tolerant hybrids for potential adoption in Nigeria. The study results underscored the significant impact of nitrogen availability on various agronomic traits, causing a substantial 53% reduction in grain yield. Significant genetic variation was observed among hybrids for most measured traits. SMLW146 × IITA1878, SMLW147 × SAM50M and SMLW147 × IITA1878 were the highest-yielding hybrids across the test environments with a yield advantage of 48.2%, 46.6% and 43.1%, respectively over the best check. GGE biplot analysis identified Mokwa Low-N 2021 (MLN21) and Mokwa optimum-N 2021 (MOP21) as discriminating and representative environments for selecting superior hybrids. SMLW147 × SAM50M emerged as the most stable low-N tolerant hybrid with the highest yield performance. Conversely, hybrid SMLW147 × IITA1878 produced a high yield across environments but was unstable. The study concludes by recommending SMLW147 × SAM50M for cultivation across both low- and optimum-N conditions, while SMLW147 × IITA1878 is specifically recommended for cultivation in optimum-N environments. Anthesis-silking interval, plant aspect, ear aspect, and ear height were identified as the most suitable secondary traits for selecting hybrids for high grain yield under low-N conditions.
Morphological and Physiological Characteristics of Stevia rebaudiana Bertoni Stem Cuttings Under 3-Indoleacetic Acid (IAA) Treatment
Authors: Muslihatin Wirdhatul , Febriawan Zulfan , Nasution Aulia Muhammad Taufiq , Patrialoka Sefi Novendra , Pratama I Putu Eka Widya , Aisyah Putri Yeni , Jadid Nurul , Fatmawati Sri , Antika Titi Rindi , Shovitri Maya
Published: July 2024

Stevia rebaudiana is a high-value crop because of its metabolites, such as steviol glycosides. However, it only produces a few seeds, resulting in low productivity. Therefore, an appropriate propagation method is required to enhance its productivity. This study aimed to assess stevia’s morphological and physiological characteristics upon treatment with three doses of Indole-3-acetic acid (IAA) [mg/L] through stem-cutting propagation. The cuttings were treated with IAA at 0, 20, 40 and 60 mg/L by dipping them in the IAA solution for 1 minute, then planting in growth media (garden soil, organic compost and coco peat with a ratio of 2:1:1) and keeping them in the greenhouse. The survival percentage, root length and number, plant height, leaf number, total chlorophylls, and stomata length and number were assessed in the 3rd week. The application of 40 mg/L IAA resulted in a significant improvement in all parameters. However, IAA treatment also causes stomata abnormalities. This result suggested that stem cutting and IAA treatment significantly contribute to stevia propagation.
The effectiveness of clear aligners in levelling the curve of Spee and related maxillofacial factors in patients with a deep overbite
Authors: Zhang Li , Gong Beiwen , Xie Xianju , Cao Li , Gu Yingzhi , Sun Yaxi , Bai Yuxing
Published: July 2024

Introduction

To guide deep overbite treatment, the effectiveness of clear aligners and the influence of maxillofacial characteristics were assessed in levelling the curve of Spee (COS).

Methods

Forty-two patients underwent phased treatment using clear aligners. Digital dental models were created before and after treatment following which predicted outcomes, and dental cast measurements were conducted in addition to the analysis of lateral cephalometric and panoramic radiographs. The anticipated COS correction was compared with the actual correction achieved. Using multiple linear regression, associations between levelling effectiveness and clinical indicators were evaluated to establish prediction equations. P = 0.05 indicated statistical significance.

Results

The levelling effectiveness was 71.8 ± 19.0%. The regression model accounted for 88.5% of the variance in levelling effectiveness (F-value = 167.209, adjusted R
2 = 0.885, Akaike information criterion [AIC] [E]=-146.94). The levelling effectiveness was related to the vertical skeletal pattern, the angulation of the mandibular incisors to the mandibular plane, the axial inclination of the mandibular anterior teeth, and the pre-treatment COS depth. Levelling effectiveness and other maxillofacial variables were not significantly related.

Conclusion

Clear aligners effectively level the COS. Patients with a larger Frankfort-mandibular plane angle, a pre-treatment COS depth, and an incisor-mandibular plane angle, more easily achieved COS levelling using clear aligners. Those with smaller mandibular incisor parallelism still achieved effective levelling.
Synergistic Governance of Digital Economy Development and Carbon Reduction: Evidence from Chinese Cities
Authors: Ma Nian , Deng Ying
Published: July 2024

As a fundamental driving factor for high-quality advancement, elucidation remains requisite regarding the potential of the digital economy (DE) in achieving conjoined governance aimed at pollution reduction and carbon reduction (PCR). This study conducts a comprehensive analysis of the nexus between digital economic development (DED) and carbon mitigation. Empirical analyses are conducted utilising panel data encompassing Chinese municipalities from 2011 to 2020, enabling a quantitative evaluation of the influence exerted by DED on the concerted governance of carbon reduction and haze mitigation. The results emphasise that: DED cultivates conducive circumstances for curtailing carbon emissions and addressing haze pollution, with subsequent robust testing reinforcing the enduring significance of DED’s impact on PCR. Heterogeneity analysis reveals the pronounced effect of DED on PCR, particularly discernible in provincial capitals, eastern municipalities, as well as first and second-tier urban centers, alongside metropolises of significant magnitude. The reciprocal impact of DED on PCR predominantly stems from industrialisation synergies, primarily attributed to the optimisation and advancement of industrial structure, concomitant with enhancements in production efficiency.