bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Impact of Janani Suraksha Yojana on institutional delivery in Empowered Action Group States, India
Authors: Paul Lopamudra , Chellan Ramesh
Published: August 2014

The National Population Policy (NPP) in India defined goal to increased institutional delivery and reducing Maternal Mortality Ratio (MMR). Therefore, National Rural Health Mission (NRHM) aimed to increased expenditure to provide primary health care services to poor households in rural India through Janani Surakshya Yojana (JSY), which provide referral transport, escort and improved hospital care for institutional deliveries. The study concludes from District Level Household Surveys (DLHS)-2 and 3 data that Janani Surakshya Yojana undoubtedly contributed to a tremendous improvement in institutional delivery. Accredited Social Health Activist (ASHA), found as an effective link between the Government and the poor pregnant women to provide information on Janani Surakshya Yojana. States like Madhya Pradesh, Odisha and Rajasthan have an impressive rise in institutional delivery and also high percentage of women received financial benefits through the JSY. Planned im-plementation of programme through NRHM may help achieve the goals of NPP 2000 and hence Millennium De-velopment Goal (MDG)-5 to save life of millions mothers and newborn in India.DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/seajph.v3i2.20033 South East Asian Journal of Public Health Vol.3(2) 2013: 4-18
Role of social mobilization in tackling the resistance to polio eradication program in underserved communities of Aligarh, India
Authors: Ansari M Athar , Khan Zulfia , Mehnaz Saira , Shah M Salman , Abedi A Jafar , Ahmad Anees
Published: August 2014

Poliomyelitis (polio) is a highly infectious viral disease and mainly affects children under five years of age. The present cross-sectional study was conducted to assess the impact of social mobilization on families resistant to giv-ing polio drops to their children. One round of polio drop administration during September, 2012 was selected ran-domly from total six rounds of Pulse Polio Immunization campaign carried out in the year 2012 in Aligarh, India. Medical interns of the Aligarh Muslim University were trained as social mobilizers by the UNICEF, Rotary Interna-tional trainers and divided into Teams A and B. The teams of social mobilizers visited the households that re-fused to give polio drops to their children because of certain rumors and misguided beliefs. Medical intern tried to convince the family members that polio drops were safe and it did not hurt any religious and cultural sentiments. The total number of resistant families, identified during the house to house outreach activity of Team A was 309. A large number of houses (70.9%) were converted to P houses (houses where children had polio vaccination). Ninety houses (29.1%) remained resistant even after the activity of Team A. These resistant houses were again visited by Team B members. Out of these 90 houses, polio drops were administered in 70 (78.9%) houses. How-ever, after maximum efforts of both the teams, only 19 (21.1%) houses remained extremely resistant. Large numbers of resistant families were converted to P houses where children were administered oral polio drops. However, some of the families remained resistant even after maximum efforts of the teams. These extremely resistant families might be the potent sources of polio infection in the community and they should be followed up strictly. Strategies and polices should be developed to cover all children of the community by assessing the reasons for families resistance to polio drop, examining the past failures/limitations in program implementation, and implementing the effective social mobilizing techniques. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/seajph.v3i2.20035 South East Asian Journal of Public Health Vol.3(2) 2013: 23-29
Utilization of Cu-T in Paschim Midnapur district of West Bengal, India: An appraisal
Authors: Haldar Anima , Roy Samir Kumar , Saha Tushar Kanti , Roy Rama Prasad , Baur Baijayanti , Saha Sanjay Kumar
Published: August 2014

As a part of its commitment towards provision of quality spacing services in family planning, the Government of India introduced Cu-T 380A in 2002 with an effective protection for 10 years replacing the earlier Cu-T 200B. In India, the use of the intrauterine device (IUD) is very low among married women of reproductive age, despite the fact that the Government offers IUD (Cu-T) services free of cost. The aim of the study was to assess the current status of intrauterine contraceptive device (Copper-T) utilization and to determine the relevant factors influencing utilization by currently married women of the reproductive age. The community-based cross-sectional study was carried out in 3 Blocks and 2 Municipality areas of the West Midnapur district in West Bengal. A multistage random sampling method was carried out to select villages of sub-center areas and wards from Municipality areas. A total of 16 areas were selected for the purpose of the study; 125 eligible couples from each selected area were interviewed by a house-to-house survey in order to cover 2000 eligible couples throughout the district. Only females were the respondents. It was found that 67.4% of the couples admitted to the use of any method of contraception. The Couple Protection Rate (by modern method) was found to be 62.6% in the study area. However, it was demonstrated that Cu-T acceptance rate was only 1.3%. Ligation (38.8 %) contributed the highest  other methods included: oral contraceptive pill (19.4%), condom (3%), vasectomy (0.1%) and others (4.8%). The ever use rate of intrauterine contraceptive device (Cu-T/loop) in the study area was 6.2%, which increased significantly with the advancement of maternal age, but no association was found with literacy status of the respondents. Lack of motivation (48.4%), misconception (14%), unawareness (11.3%) unwillingness (9.3%) and religious/cultural barrier (2.4%) were the major factors for underutilization/non-utilization as elicited from the present study. Advocacy through mass media and sustenance of behavior change communication also needed for higher IUD utilization in both rural and urban area. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/seajph.v3i2.20036 South East Asian Journal of Public Health Vol.3(2) 2013: 30-34
An analysis of ASHA Facilitator Model: Assam, India
Authors: Nongdrenkhomba Heikrujam Nongyai , Prasad Banuru Muralidhara , Baishya Achyut Chandra , Shome Biraj Kanti
Published: August 2014

Community Health Worker (CHW) models have evolved as a key community engagement strategy in healthcare. Accredited Social Health Activist (ASHA), is a CHW model, implemented to facilitate the process of community engagement in India under the National Rural Health Mission (NRHM). To support ASHAs, a supervisory structure is established, known as ASHA Facilitator. This structure is an amalgamation of various globally known models of supervision. Evidence suggests that the model of supervision is evolving and needs to have an understanding about interlink between community-program-health system. This study aims to analyze the programmatic and community role of ASHA Facilitators within the structure of existing models of supervision. The model of ASHA Facilitators encompasses the supervisory role to ensure service delivery and to monitor activities in relation to restorative, leadership and administrative support. A total of 291 ASHA Facilitators were selected for interview through a stratified random sample method from six districts of Assam, India representing six different regions/zones of the state. It was noted that programmatic roles were performed by ASHA volunteers as per guidelines; however, constrains were noticed in areas of authority and technicalities of program management. As a result, incentive-based tasks influenced the overall supportive supervision role of ASHA Facilitators. Non-incentivized roles/activities were performed on informal basis which were outside the mandate of program though essential (e.g. community resource generation activity). The current analysis recommends the strengthening of community health systems or community participatory supervisory systems in harmonization with community-program-health system through a more structured approach with a formal mechanism of supervision in order to meet the needs of community at large.DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/seajph.v3i2.20039 South East Asian Journal of Public Health Vol.3(2) 2013: 41-46
Perceptions and knowledge of sexually transmitted diseases among rural people in India: Some ground realties
Authors: Nanjunda Dr
Published: August 2014

Sexually Transmitted Diseases (STDs) have become a serious public health issue among the rural people in India because of a unique health culture and health seeking behavior. Most rural people are suffering from different types of STDs because of cultural fabrics, poverty, illiteracy, ignorance and poor access to effective treatment. The World Health Organization has also warned that India could be the next nation with the highest number of unreported STD cases, resulting in devastating consequences. This current study, conducted in a rural part of the Hassan district of Karnataka, South India, examined the perceptions and knowledge regarding STDs among rural people. A focus group study conducted among selected purposive samples of both infected (with STD) and non-infected rural people. This study has found that STDs were more prevalent among people in the age group of 25-28 years (50.6%)male respondents (62.6%), people with a low level of literacy (42.2%), professional truck drivers (38.6%), people in the lower income groups (64%), and unmarried people (56%). This study also found vaginites and herpes are the most common types of STDs found among the respondents. The majority of the respondents were not aware about the onset and symptoms of the STDs. People were too shy to seek treatment even from the local healers. Effective public health policies and health promotion programs should be developed regarding the holistic and inclusive health development for the rural people with special references to STDs. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/seajph.v3i2.20040 South East Asian Journal of Public Health Vol.3(2) 2013: 47-51
Lower and upper bounds of life expectancies and total expected longevity of a developing country
Authors: Rabbi Ahbab Mohammad Fazle
Published: August 2014

Regardless of being most used demographic indicator of longevity, life expectancy has few limitations too; and it arise mainly due to irregular mortality patterns in particular age group. This paper aims to analyze the trend of remaining life expectancies in different age groups and examines the highest observed life expectancies along with lower and upper bounds of life expectancies for Bangladesh; a country where early aged mortality is present remarkably. To estimate the lower and upper bounds of life expectancies in particular age; corresponding survival fractions have been taken into account, which gave more flexible concepts about longevity measures. Obtained results indicate decline in the gap between early aged life expectancies for both sexes in Bangladesh; which suggests that the full population, rather than just the more selected survivors, may anticipate a longer life that was previously only the domain of those who survived past the early years. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/seajph.v3i2.20041 South East Asian Journal of Public Health Vol.3(2) 2013: 52-57
Factors associated with high prevalence of coughs, colds and fever among urban slum dwellers in Dhaka, Bangladesh
Authors: Zanuzdana Arina , Khan Md Mobarak H , Brinkel Johanna Katharina , Kraemer Alexander
Published: August 2014

While adverse housing is commonly associated with high respiratory morbidity in urban slum areas, data on prevalence of common respiratory symptoms among adults in urban slums in Bangladesh is limited. We compared the frequency of common respiratory symptoms among men and women in relation to individual socio-demographic and household characteristics using methods of descriptive and analytic epidemiology. Cross-sectional data from 1892 adult respondents collected in the baseline study in 2009 in nine urban slum areas of Dhaka were used. Three month prevalence of coughs and colds was 21.5% (n=1,893). Women were more vulnerable to respiratory symptoms in relation to the frequent exposure to stagnant water bodies near the house (OR: 4.44; 95% CI: 2.49-7.93) and waste disposal (OR: 3.57; 95% CI: 1.37-9.31). Practice of smoking inside dwelling increased the likelihood of having respiratory symptoms for both sexes. Recurrent contact or exposure to stagnant water and unhygienic waste management appeared to be the strongest factors associated with respiratory symptoms, particularly among women. This finding underlines the significance of the improvement of housing quality in slum areas affected by stagnation of water and improper waste management as well as the need for public health intervention to minimize the risk of diseases associated with these factors. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/seajph.v3i2.20042 South East Asian Journal of Public Health Vol.3(2) 2013: 58-65
Acute Budd-Chiari Syndrome with portal vein thrombosis in a 7-year old boy with previously asymptomatic Hepatitis-B Virus related hepatocelluler carcinoma: A case report
Authors: Rokonuzzaman SM , Hassan Moinul , Ali Mohammad Hyder , Ahmed SM Moslehuddin , Parvin Soheli
Published: August 2014

Budd-Chiari Syndrome is characterized by obstruction to the outflow of the liver due to the occlusion of the hepatic vein and sometimes the inferior vena cava. This syndrome comprises hepatomegaly, abdominal pain, ascites and hepatic histology showing zone 3 sinusoidal distention and pilling. It may, in the long run, progress to cirrhosis while, on the other hand, cirrhosis due to other causes, especially viral causes may progress to carcinoma and lead to Budd-Chiari Syndrome by compressing the hepatic vein. Here we present a 7-year old boy with a previously asymptomatic hepatitis B virus related hepatocellular carcinoma developing acute Budd-Chiari syndrome. He also had portal vein thrombosis along with acute hepatic decompensation which is uncommon worldwide. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/seajph.v3i2.20043 South East Asian Journal of Public Health Vol.3(2) 2013: 66-69
Thanks to our Reviewers 2011-2013
Authors: Editor The
Published: August 2014

DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/seajph.v3i2.20046 South East Asian Journal of Public Health Vol.3(2) 2013: 95-97
Influence of Surfactant and Lipid Type on the Physicochemical Properties and Biocompatibility of Solid Lipid Nanoparticles
Authors: Pizzol Carine , Filippin-Monteiro Fabíola , Restrepo Jelver , Pittella Frederico , Silva Adny , Alves de Souza Paula , Machado de Campos Angela , Creczynski-Pasa Tânia
Published: August 2014

Nine types of solid lipid nanoparticle (SLN) formulations were produced using tripalmitin (TPM), glyceryl monostearate (GM) or stearic acid (SA), stabilized with lecithin S75 and polysorbate 80. Formulations were prepared presenting PI values within 0.25 to 0.30, and the physicochemical properties, stability upon storage and biocompatibility were evaluated. The average particle size ranged from 116 to 306 nm, with a negative surface charge around −11 mV. SLN presented good stability up to 60 days. The SLN manufactured using SA could not be measured by DLS due to the reflective feature of this formulation. However, TEM images revealed that SA nanoparticles presented square/rod shapes with an approximate size of 100 nm. Regarding biocompatibility aspects, SA nanoparticles showed toxicity in fibroblasts, causing cell death, and produced high hemolytic rates, indicating toxicity to red blood cells. This finding might be related to lipid type, as well as, the shape of the nanoparticles. No morphological alterations and hemolytic effects were observed in cells incubated with SLN containing TPM and GM. The SLN containing TPM and GM showed long-term stability, suggesting good shelf-life. The results indicate high toxicity of SLN prepared with SA, and strongly suggest that the components of the formulation should be analyzed in combination rather than separately to avoid misinterpretation of the results.
The Atomistic Structure of Metal/Ceramic Interfaces Is the Key Issue for Developing Better Properties
Authors: Wunderlich Wilfried
Published: August 2014

Metal-metal-, ceramic-metal-composites (MMC, CMC) and related functional materials are steadily gaining interest for practical applications. This invited overview paper is divided into three parts. First, the importance of interfaces in material science is emphasized, then basics of computer modeling of interfaces on atomic scale is outlined, followed by the description of some interface examples and their applications. Atomistic modeling requires the specific determination of the orientation relationship between both crystal lattices facing the heterogeneous interface, the interface plane, and translation vectors of two facing crystals. Examples of the atomistic structure are described in this paper for interfaces, such as MgO/Ag, MgO/TiN, Al2O3/Fe, and others. The trend in this research is gradually, but steadily shifting from structural towards functional materials, because atomic binding at interfaces offers a broad spectrum of new properties to be utilized for applications.
Oligo-Carrageenan Kappa-Induced Reducing Redox Status and Activation of TRR/TRX System Increase the Level of Indole-3-acetic Acid, Gibberellin A3 and trans-Zeatin in Eucalyptus globulus Trees
Authors: González Alberto , Contreras Rodrigo , Zúiga Gustavo , Moenne Alejandra
Published: August 2014

Eucalyptus globulus trees treated with oligo-carrageenan (OC) kappa showed an increase in NADPH, ascorbate and glutathione levels and activation of the thioredoxin reductase (TRR)/thioredoxin (TRX) system which enhance photosynthesis, basal metabolism and growth. In order to analyze whether the reducing redox status and the activation of thioredoxin reductase (TRR)/thioredoxin (TRX) increased the level of growth-promoting hormones, trees were treated with water (control), with OC kappa, or with inhibitors of ascorbate synthesis, lycorine, glutathione synthesis, buthionine sulfoximine (BSO), NADPH synthesis, CHS-828, and thioredoxin reductase activity, auranofine, and with OC kappa, and cultivated for four additional months. Eucalyptus trees treated with OC kappa showed an increase in the levels of the auxin indole 3-acetic acid (IAA), gibberellin A3 (GA3) and the cytokinin trans-zeatin (t-Z) as well as a decrease in the level of the brassinosteroid epi-brassinolide (EB). In addition, treatment with lycorine, BSO, CHS-828 and auranofine inhibited the increase in IAA, GA3 and t-Z as well as the decrease in EB levels. Thus, the reducing redox status and the activation of TRR/TRX system induced by OC kappa increased the levels of IAA, GA3 and t-Z levels determining, at least in part, the stimulation of growth in Eucalyptus trees.
Nano-rings with a handle – Synthesis of substituted cycloparaphenylenes
Authors: Tran-Van Anne-Florence , Wegner Hermann A
Published: August 2014

The research of cycloparaphenylenes (CPPs), the smallest armchair carbon nanotube, has been a quest for the past decades which experienced a revival in 2008 when the first synthesis was achieved. Since then CPPs with various ring sizes have been realized. The incorporation of substituents and the synthesis of CPPs with building blocks different from phenyl rings bear challenges of their own. Such structures, however, are highly interesting, as they allow for an incorporation of CPPs as defined nano-objects for other applications. Therefore, this review provides a status report about the current efforts in synthesizing CPPs beyond the parent unsubstituted oligo-phenylene structure.
Integrating Reiki and Community-Engaged Scholarship: An Interdisciplinary Educational Innovation
Authors: Bremner Marie N. , Bennett David N. , Chambers Donna
Published: August 2014

To provide students with a meaningful holistic care experience while integrating community-engaged scholarship, students partnered with a Reiki-prepared faculty member within a nurse-managed community clinic to offer Reiki to the clients and participate in the evaluation of the effectiveness of the modality. This article describes how students and faculty integrated holistic care, scholarship, and community engagement. This experience provided the students with an opportunity to embrace the art and science of holistic nursing while obtaining experience in measuring outcomes. [
J Nurs Educ.
2014;53(9):541–543.]
Three-Calendar-Year Bachelor of Science in Nursing: An Innovative Curriculum Program
Authors: Ferranto Mary Lou Gemma , Martin Lorene S. , Zapko Karen A.
Published: August 2014

The 3-calendar-year Bachelor of Science in Nursing (BSN) curriculum program was developed to facilitate a quicker entry into professional nursing practice. This program offered many advantages, including financial and time-saving benefits for students, more efficient use of campus facilities, and flexibility in faculty scheduling. Evaluation of the program showed benefits in the success rate of course-work, in retention and graduation rates, and in subsequent NCLEX-RN pass rates. The NCLEX-RN pass rate for students in the 3-calendar-year BSN program was 98.33%, compared with the national average pass rate (88.01%) for the same 5-year period for first-time test takers. The 3-calendar-year BSN program met the needs of both traditional and nontraditional students. It produced quality nurse graduates who were successful NCLEX-RN first-time test takers. The program has potential to be adopted by other universities with a student base composed of individuals of modest resources and diverse backgrounds. [
J Nurs Educ.
2014;53(9):527–530.]
Canadian mineral deposit types: a geological synopsis
Authors: Eckstrand O R
Published: August 2014

Summaries of the main geological characteristics of 40 Canadian mineral deposit types are presented in a systematic format. About one half of these deposit types account for the bulk of Canadian metal and industrial mineral production. The definition of a mineral
deposit type is based on recognition of a group of deposits whose geological features are sufficiently similar that they suggest a common genesis, whether or not the genesis is well understood. The summaries list contained commodities and names of example deposits, and outline economic significance,
typical size and grade of orebodies, geological setting, host rocks, associated rocks, form and distribution of mineralization, minerals present, age, genetic models, and guides to exploration. A selected bibliography provides an introduction to the relevant literature.
Recent advances in the management of brachial plexus
injuries
Authors: Bhandari Prem Singh , Maurya Sanjay
Published: August 2014

Management of brachial plexus injury is a demanding field of hand and upper extremity surgery. With currently available microsurgical techniques, functional gains are rewarding in upper plexus injuries. However, treatment options in the management of flail and anaesthetic limb are still evolving. Last three decades have witnessed significant developments in the management of these injuries, which include a better understanding of the anatomy, advances in the diagnostic modalities, incorporation of intra-operative nerve stimulation techniques, more liberal use of nerve grafts in bridging nerve gaps, and the addition of new nerve transfers, which selectively neurotise the target muscles close to the motor end plates. Newer research works on the use of nerve allografts and immune modulators (FK 506) are under evaluation in further improving the results in nerve reconstruction. Direct reimplantation of avulsed spinal nerve roots into the spinal cord is another area of research in brachial plexus reconstruction.
Role of the urethral plate characters in the success of tubularized incised plate urethroplasty
Authors: Aboutaleb Hamdy
Published: August 2014

Background: Today, tubularized incised plate (TIP) urethroplasty is the most commonly performed operation for distal and mid-penile hypospadias. Reports from different centers worldwide confirm its nearly universal applicability and low complications rate. Aim: Evaluation of the urethral plate characters and its effect on the outcome of TIP urethroplasty. Materials and Methods: Between 2010 and 2013, 100 children with primary distal penile hypospadias underwent TIP urethroplasty. Urethral plates were categorized as flat, cleft, and deeply grooved. Postoperatively, patients were followed-up for evaluation of meatal stenosis, fistula formation, and glandular dehiscence at 1 st , 3 rd and 6 th months. Patients were followed-up for urethral calibration by urethral sound 8 Fr at 3 rd and 6 months follow-up. Data were statistically analysed using Epi info program to correlate between the width, plate shape, and complications. Results: Mean age at surgery was 4.3 years. Patients were followed-up for an average period of 6.4 months. Pre-operative location of the meatus was reported as coronal in 46, subcoronal in 50 and anterior penile in 4 cases. Urethral plate characters were flat in 26 cases, cleft in 52, and deeply grooved in 22. Urethral plate width was >8 mm in 74 cases and <8 mm in 26. Patients with urethral plate <8 mm had a statistically significant higher fistula rate (P = 0.004) and failed 8 Fr calibrations in 26.9% (P = 0.01) compared with the patients with urethral plate >8 mm. In addition, we also founds higher fistula rate and failed 8 Fr calibrations in flat urethral plate. Conclusions: An adequate urethral plate width (>8 mm) is essential for successful TIP repair. Lower success rates with flat plates may need buccal mucosal augmentation to improve the results.
Comparison of the nutritional status and outcome in thermal burn patients receiving vegetarian and non-vegetarian diets
Authors: Sharma Samira , Sharma Ramesh K. , Parashar Atul
Published: August 2014

Background: The importance of adequate nutritional support in burned patients cannot be overemphasised. For adequate long-term compliance by the patients, diet should be formulated in accordance with their pre-burn dietary habits, religious beliefs, and tastes. Patients and Methods: A study was conducted in 42 consecutive patients suffering from 10% to 50% of 2nd and 3rd degree thermal burns with the aim to compare nutritional status, clinical outcome, and cost-effectiveness of vegetarian and non-vegetarian diets. The patients were divided into two groups depending upon their pre-injury food habits. Total calories were calculated by Curreri formula. Both groups were compared by various biochemical parameters, microbiological investigations, weight , status of wound healing, graft take, and hospital stay and they were followed for at least 60 days postburn. Results: The results were comparable in both groups. Vegetarian diet was found to be more palatable and cost-effective. Conclusion: Vegetarian diet is a safe and viable option for the patients suffering from burn injury. The common belief that non-vegetarian diet is superior to vegetarian diet is a myth.
Abdominal compartment syndrome following abdominoplasty: A case report and review
Authors: Izadpanah Arash , Izadpanah Ali , Karunanayake Mihiran , Petropolis Christian , Deckelbaum Dan L. , Luc Mario
Published: August 2014

Abdominoplasty is among the most commonly performed aesthetic procedures in plastic surgery. Despite high complication rate, abdominal contouring procedures are expected to rise in popularity with the advent of bariatric surgery. Patients with a history of gastric bypass surgery have an elevated incidence of small bowel obstruction from internal herniation, which is associated with non-specific upper abdominal pain, nausea, and a decrease in appetite. Internal hernias, when subjected to elevated intra-abdominal pressures, have a high-risk of developing ischemic bowel. We present a case report of patient with previous laparoscopic Roux-en-y gastric bypass who developed acute ischemic bowel leading to abdominal compartment syndrome following abdominoplasty. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first reported case in the literature. We herein emphasise on the subtle symptoms and signs that warrant further investigations in prospective patients for an abdominal contouring procedure with a prior history of gastric bypass surgery.
Bedside Surgery to Treat Patent Ductus Arteriosus in Low-Birth-Weight Premature Infants
Authors: Albayrak Gökhan , Aykut Koray , Karacelik Mustafa , Soylar Ramazan , Karaarslan Kemal , Abud Burçin , Guzeloglu Mehmet , Hazan Eyup
Published: August 2014

Background

Patent ductus arteriosus (PDA) is commonly seen in premature infants with low birth weights (LBW). It is a condition that has high mortality and morbidity rates. Early closure of the ductus arteriosus may require surgery or medical treatment. However, the decision of first medical approach for symptomatic PDA closure is still debated. In this study, we compared the surgical and medical treatments for the closure of PDA in premature LBW infants.

Methods

This study included 27 premature infants whose birth weights were lower than 1500 g, who were born in the period between 2011 and 2013 and had symptomatic PDA. Patients were separated into two groups: groups A and B. Group A included patients whose PDAs were closed with medical treatment ( n = 16), and group B included patients who had undergone surgical operations for PDA closure ( n = 11).

Results

There were no statistically significant differences between groups A and B when the groups were compared in terms of birth weight, gestational age, respiratory distress syndrome (RDS), necrotizing enterocolitis (NEC), sepsis, intraventricular hemorrhage (IVH), retinopathy of prematurity (ROP), and pneumothorax. Although the mortality rate was determined to be lower in group B (2 out of 11, 18.1%) than in group A (7 out of 16, 43.7%), no statistically significant difference was found between the two groups. A statistically significant increase was determined in the incidence of kidney function loss in patient group that received Ibuprofen, a medical treatment, in comparison to the patients who had surgery.

Conclusion

In conclusion, surgery is a safe method to repair PDA in premature LBW infants. Although there is no remarkable difference between surgery and medical treatment, we suggest that a surgical approach may be used as a first choice to repair PDA considering the lower rate of mortality and morbidity and higher rate of closure compared to medical treatment.
Influence on the Hardness of Resin Modified Glass Ionomer Cements following Exposure to High and Low Fluoride Containing Toothpastes
Authors: Moosa Shumaila Iqbal , Amin Faiza , Abbas Muhammad
Published: August 2014

Objective

Resin modified glass ionomer cements (RMGICs) are fluoride releasing restorative materials. Their recharge with sources of fluoride (like toothpastes) during their service in oral cavity is a common practice. The purpose of this study was to establish the influence of fluoride containing toothpastes on hardness of RMGICs after exposure to acidic and neutral fluoride containing toothpastes.

Materials and methods

Sixty specimens were made from two RMGICs (Vitremer and Fuji II LC). Initially hardness was measured without exposure to source of fluoride of 20 control specimens using Vickers microhardness tester. Rest of the 40 experimental specimens were exposed to fluoridated toothpastes for 60 days twice daily for 2 minutes, then hardness of specimens was measured again using Vickers microhardness tester. Data was statistically analyzed using one-way ANOVA on SPSS version 16.

Results

RMGICs which were exposed to low fluoride neutral source had lower values of hardness than RMGICs which were exposed to high fluoride acidic source.

Conclusion

High fluoride containing acidic toothpaste exhibited no detrimental effect on hardness of specimens over the period of study. Specimens exposed to high fluoride containing acidic source displayed higher values of hardness than the specimens at baseline without exposure to source of fluoride. RMGICs used in our study proved to be materials which exhibit increase in hardness after exposure to protocols practiced in our research for its recharge.

How to cite this article

Moosa SI, Amin F, Abbas M. Influence on the Hardness of Resin Modified Glass Ionomer Cements following Exposure to High and Low Fluoride Containing Toothpastes. J Contemp Dent 2014;4(2):67-71.
Evaluation of Neurosensory Deficits in Maxillofacial Surgery
Authors: Poonja Kartik Sadashiv , Galinde Jyotsna Shekhar
Published: August 2014

It is a prospective study to evaluate the neurosensory deficits in patients that came to MGM Dental College and Hospital, Navi Mumbai from January 2010 to November 2011. One hundred seventy-seven patients were evaluated and they were divided into three subgroups: trauma, surgical extractions and pathology. The study was conducted to evaluate the sexwise, agewise, the description of the neurosensory deficit, the most susceptible area of neurosensory deficit as well as the agewise and sexwise recovery pattern of the neurosensory deficit. The statistical analysis showed that the neurosensory deficits were more common than females, the age group in which the deficits were more common was in between 25 and 50 years. The area most commonly affected was the chin and lower lip. The recovery patterns also showed that males and the age group of 25 to 50 years showed faster recovery.

How to cite this article

Poonja KS, Galinde JS. Evaluation of Neurosensory Deficits in Maxillofacial Surgery. J Contemp Dent 2014;4(2):72-76.
Torque Analysis of Self-drilling Mini-screws placed with and without a Pilot Drill: A Canine Study
Authors: Solomon Eric S , Kerns David G , Hallmon William W , Zambon-Fagundes Daniela A
Published: August 2014

Purpose

The use of temporary anchorage devices (TADs), such as mini-screws, palatal implants and mini-plates, has become a popular treatment option in orthodontics. The objectives of this study were: (1) to compare the success rates of self-drilling mini-screws placed with or without use of a pilot drill, (2) to evaluate the implant placement torque (IPT) of self-drilling miniscrews and (3) to measure the removal torque of self-drilling mini-screws.

Materials and methods

Six American foxhounds served as subjects in this study. Three OsteoMed self-drilling mini-screws (1.6 mm diameter and 8 mm length) were planned to be placed in each side of the mandible between the roots of the teeth canine/premolar 1 (PM1), PM2/PM3 and PM3/PM4. The sites were allocated randomly in: (1) control group—mini-screws placed with pilot drill and (2) test group—mini-screws placed without pilot drill (self-drilling). The implant placement torque (IPT) and the number of turns performed by the mini-screws during placement were measured. After a healing period of 6 weeks, the mini-screws were removed, and the removal torque was measured.

Results

A total of 33 mini-screws were placed in six animals. After 6 weeks, the success rate for the control and test groups were 46.7 and 80% respectively (difference not statistically significant). There was no statistically significant difference in the terminal mean IPT values and the mean number of turns for failed and successful mini-screws. The difference between the mean IPT values at the 3rd turn during mini-screw placement in the successful and failed mini-screws (5.56 and 14.03 Ncm respectively) was statistically significant (p < 0.01).

Conclusion

There was no statistically significant difference in the success rate between self-drilling mini-screws that did or did not have osteotomies (46vs80% respectively). However, the IPT at the third revolution for successful mini-screws averaged 5.56 Ncm (p < 0.01).

How to cite this article

Zambon-Fagundes DA, Kerns DG, Hallmon WW, Solomon ES. Torque Analysis of Self-Drilling Mini-screws placed with and without a Pilot Drill: A Canine Study. J Contemp Dent 2014;4(2):77-86.
Intraoral Soft Tissue Fibrosarcoma: A Case Report and Review
Authors: Tupkari Jagdish Vishnu , Chettiakandy Tabita Joy , Padawe Dimple , Kumar Keshav , Sardar Manisha , Gupta Nandita
Published: August 2014

Adult fibrosarcoma (FS), defined by the World Health Organization as ‘malignant neoplasm composed of fibroblasts with variable collagen production and, in classical cases, a ‘herringbone’ architecture’, is a very rare soft tissue sarcoma. The earlier literature revealed that the adult fibrosarcoma was the most commonly occurring lesion, however the incidence of which has declined dramatically over the past several decades. This is due to evolution in the classification of soft tissue tumors, recognition of its subtypes and increased understanding of the many other mesenchymal and nonmesenchymal tumors.

Sarcomas are the rare group of malignancies which accounts for less than 1% of all the body sarcomas of which 5 to 15% occurs in head and neck region. It involves deep soft tissues of extremities, trunk, head and neck. Among the head and neck region, intraoral adult fibrosarcomas are very rare without any sex predilection. A case of primary soft tissue FS in posterior mandible of an 13-year-old female patient is documented here, which will be an addition to the cases reported earlier in the literatures.

How to cite this article

Tupkari JV, Chettiakandy TJ, Padawe D, kumar k, Sardar M, Gupta N. Intraoral Soft Tissue Fibrosarcoma: A Case Report and Review. J Contemp Dent 2014;4(2):118-123.
Successful Management of Feeding Difficulties in Patient with Severe Bilateral Cleft Lip and Palate
Authors: Padawe Dimple , Takate Vilas , Gunjikar Tanay
Published: August 2014

Cleft lip and palate is one of the most common developmental disorder found in humans. A child born with cleft lip and palate has plethora of complex problems, such as feeding difficulties, middle ear diseases, dentofacial abnormalities, slow weight gain, and even failure to thrive. Feeding difficulties are the main cause of distress for both the child and mother, and may also lead to psychological maladjustment of child in later life. Various methods have been described to overcome feeding difficulties faced child and mother. This case report describes a case of severe bilateral cleft lip and palate (Veau's class IV cleft) successfully managed by fabrication of simple feeding plate and counseling of mother.

How to cite this article

Padawe D, Takate V, Gunjikar T. Successful Management of Feeding Difficulties in Patient with Severe Bilateral Cleft Lip and Palate. J Contemp Dent 2014; 4(2):124-126.
Pairwise homogeneity assessment of HadISD
Authors: Dunn R. J. H. , Willett K. M. , Morice C. P. , Parker D. E.
Published: August 2014

Abstract. We report on preliminary steps in the homogenisation of HadISD, a sub-daily, station-based data set covering 1973–2013. Using temperature, dew point temperature, sea-level pressure and wind speeds, change points are detected using the Pairwise Homogenisation Algorithm from Menne and Williams Jr. (2009). Monthly-mean values and monthly-mean diurnal ranges (temperature and dew point temperature) or monthly-maximum values (wind speeds) are processed using the full network of 6103 stations in HadISD. Where multiple change points are detected within 1 year, they are combined and the average date is used. Under the assumption that the underlying true population of inhomogeneity magnitudes is Gaussian, inhomogeneity magnitudes as small as around 0.5 °C, 0.5 hPa or 0.5 m s−1 have been successfully detected. The change point dates and inhomogeneity magnitudes for each of the calculation methods will be provided alongside the data set to allow users to select stations which have different levels of homogeneity. We give an example application of this change point information in calculating global temperature values from HadISD and comparing these to CRUTEM4. Removing the most inhomogeneous stations results in a better match between HadISD and CRUTEM4 when matched to the same coverage. However, further removals of stations with smaller and fewer inhomogeneities worsen the match.
Impact of National Economic Empowerment and Development Strategy (NEEDS) on the Private Sector: A Case Study of Power Sector
Authors: Olusoji Modinat Olaitan , Oloba Olusegun O.
Published: August 2014

The paper examines the impact of the National Economic Empowerment and Development Strategy (NEEDS) on the private sector by looking at the contribution the power sector had made in realizing the goal of making private enterprise the engine of growth in Nigeria. NEEDS reform is to  transform the power sector into one led by the private sector, with the role of government  restricted primarily in policy formulation and establishment of an appropriate legal and regulatory framework.  The paper discusses among many things: an overview of power supply in Nigeria; the effect of power sector on private sectors; challenges of the sector; as well as the ways forward. The paper concludes that there is   need to put concerted effort to generate adequate power supply to enable the private sector thrives and serves as engine of growth in Nigeria.
The State of Security Law Violations by the Private Security Businesses in Seoul and Countermeasures
Authors: Lee Ju-lak , Lee Seok , Kim Jinsung
Published: August 2014

The private security industry in South Korea has grown rapidly since the cessation of the Korean War in 1953. The main duty of the private security officers in their beginning era was to simply protect the supplies of the U.S. military stationed in the country, but the number of people employed in the business has outgrown the number of police officers since 2001.Despite the quantitative development of the private security industry, the quality of the services provided by the businesses has not advanced sufficiently except for a few number of specialized areas because of the perception that the police should be in charge of the overall security of society in addition to the low crime rate in the country and the lack of safety awareness by citizens. This has also resulted in an overflow of under-qualified businesses. Moreover, the lack of sense of duty among the employees of private security has resulted in violations of the existing laws and regulations, which has hindered further development of the industry. In this study, the current state of the private security companies registered at the Seoul Metropolitan Police Agency is examined in addition to the details of the Private Security Act and its breaches by the security businesses in Seoul area during 2013. With a basis on the findings, the causes for the violations are assessed and prevention measures are suggested.
Habilidades interpessoais na atuação do psicólogo
Authors: Bandeira Marina , Quaglia Maria Amélia Cesari , Freitas Lucas Cordeiro , De Sousa Amanda Monteiro , Costa Andréa Luciane Pires , Gomides Marcela Mansur Pires , Lima Pedro Baratti
Published: August 2014

A habilidade de interagir com as pessoas é fundamental para o exercício da profissão de psicólogo. Estudos com estudantes de Psicologia, entretanto, apontaram déficits no seu repertório de habilidades interpessoais, tanto para alunos de início quanto de final do curso. Esses dados sugerem que os cursos de Psicologia não contemplam a formação dessas habilidades. Esta pesquisa investigou a opinião de profissionais de Psicologia sobre as habilidades interpessoais na sua atuação profissional. Participaram da pesquisa 74 psicólogos do interior de Minas Gerais, que responderam a um questionário sobre o grau de importância e de domínio de 51 habilidades interpessoais. Os resultados mostraram que, dentre estas, 39 foram consideradas de muita ou máxima importância. Obteve-se uma correlação significativa entre o grau de importância e de domínio das habilidades interpessoais. O grau de domínio mostrou-se inferior ao da importância atribuída às habilidades interpessoais. Houve diferença na ordem de importância atribuída às habilidades, em função da abordagem teórica e da formação acadêmica. Conclui-se que estas habilidades são importantes para a atuação profissional dos psicólogos, o que aponta para a necessidade de desenvolvê-las no curso de Psicologia. Palavras-chave: habilidades interpessoais; psicólogos; atuação profissional.
Estágios motivacionais, sintomas de ansiedade e de depressão no tratamento do tabagismo
Authors: Melo Wilson Vieira , Oliveira Margareth Da Silva , Ferreira Elisa Arrenti
Published: August 2014

O tabagismo é um problema de saúde pública que tem feito diversas vítimas ao longo dos anos (Gigliotti, Carneiro & Ferreira, 2001). Uma das principais dificuldades encontradas pelos fumantes quando tentam parar de fumar é a motivação (Heather, 1992; Di Clemente & Prochaska, 1985). O objetivo desse estudo quase-experimental foi avaliar a mudança nos estágios motivacionais ao longo das oito semanas de tratamento do tabagismo. A amostra foi composta por 109 sujeitos avaliados em 4 momentos. Os instrumentos utilizados foram as Escalas URICA, BAI, BDI, FTND e o Monoxímetro. Os resultados indicam que os escores de ansiedade e de depressão daqueles que aderiram ao tratamento foram menores do que quando comparados àqueles que não aderiram (p=0,023) e (p=0,022), respectivamente. Ademais, apenas a sub-escala da “Manutenção”, apresentou aumento significativo (p<0,001), uma vez que as demais mantiveram as mesmas médias de pontos. Esse aumento não está relacionado com o nível de dependência de nicotina (p=0,244). O nível de dependência de nicotina também não demonstrou estar relacionado à aderência ao tratamento (p=0,687). Discute-se a importância de se avaliar os estágios motivacionais, a ansiedade e a depressão em tabagistas, pois esses parecem ser fundamentais nesse contexto. Palavras-chave: tabagismo; estágios motivacionais; avaliação.
Proteção e promoção da infância: tensões entre coletivismo e individualismo no Brasil
Authors: Dos Santos Gilberto Lima , Chaves Antonio Marcos
Published: August 2014

O objetivo deste estudo é desenvolver uma reflexão, orientada pelas concepções de individualismo e coletivismo, para compreender como se apresentam historicamente a lógica da proteção e a lógica da promoção da infância nos processos educacionais e na legislação referente à infância, no Brasil. Parte-se da consideração de que os conceitos de individualismo e de coletivismo têm se mostrado muito úteis para explicar fenômenos relacionados às diferenças culturais; e que as características individualistas ou coletivistas de uma cultura marcam a dinâmica das interações sociais, os valores e as atitudes. Para tanto, desenvolve-se uma apreciação de aspectos históricos da educação brasileira, que ligam suas origens à atualidade. Ao longo da discussão, são priorizados a escola e o Estatuto da Criança e do Adolescente como fenômenos atualizadores das referidas lógicas. O estudo sugere a prevalência da lógica da proteção e sua estreita conexão com os princípios coletivistas. Ao mesmo tempo, aponta para uma marcante presença do ideário religioso, católico, na educação e na legislação pertinente à infância.   Palavras-chave: individualismo/coletivismo; proteção/promoção; infância.
Adolescentes trabalhadores: estratégias de coping e concepções acerca de sua situação laboral
Authors: Arteche Adriane Xavier , Bandeira Denise Ruschel
Published: August 2014

A presente pesquisa comparou adolescentes em dois distintos regimes de trabalho, avaliando a opinião dos mesmos e de seus familiares sobre o trabalho, bem como as estratégias de coping utilizadas pelos jovens para lidar com dificuldades no trabalho. A amostra foi composta de 116 jovens (58 trabalhadores em regime regular e 58 trabalhadores em regime educativo) entre 14 e 17 anos de idade. Os instrumentos utilizados foram um questionário demográfico e uma entrevista semi-estruturada de coping. Os resultados demonstraram que a maior parte dos adolescentes, de ambos os grupos, utiliza com principal estratégia de coping a modificação do estressor, assim como considera que trabalhar é bom pelo retorno financeiro. Entretanto, ainda que a maior parte das famílias dos jovens em regime de trabalho regular considere a experiência laboral também uma fonte de renda, a maioria dos familiares dos jovens em regime educativo consideram o trabalho uma forma de aprendizado. Palavras-chave: coping; adolescentes; trabalho; projetos sociais; estudo quase-experimental.