bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The effect of agricultural greenhouse gas emissions reduction policies: evidence from the middle and lower basin of Yangtze River, China
Authors: Liang Hanzhong , Meng Yuan , Ishii Keiichi
Published: November 2022

To achieve energy conservation and the reduction of agricultural greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions, the Ministry of Agriculture of the People’s Republic of China in 2015 made Zhejiang Province the first national low-carbon and circular agriculture pilot province. Specialized policies were conducted in Zhejiang Province for reducing agricultural GHG emissions. In this study, we collected the GHG emission sources data of each city in Hubei and Zhejiang Provinces and calculated the estimated agricultural GHG emission of each city from 2011 to 2020 by using the recommended method from the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC). Following this, we evaluated the impact of the pilot policies on the agricultural GHG emission in the treatment province, Zhejiang, by implementing the difference-in-differences (DID) analysis. The empirical results showed that after considering variables such as income level, rural employment, and average power of agricultural machinery, the agricultural GHG emissions in Zhejiang Province decreased significantly after 2015, compared with Hubei Province, driven by the low-carbon and circular agriculture pilot policies. Furthermore, agricultural GHG emissions can be effectively reduced by increasing national financial investment and administrative orders; however, excessive administrative orders and forced transformation of the agricultural system are likely to harm farmers’ interests in the process of policy implementation.
Health related quality of life and factors relevant to return to work in cancer survivors after hospital discharge: a descriptive cross-sectional study
Authors: Mizuno Michiyo , Munezawa Noriko , Onizuka Mami , Kashiwa Saori , Inoue Yumiko , Kataoka Jun , Taniguchi Ai , Mayers Thomas
Published: November 2022

Purpose

The aim of this study was to examine the cross-sectional relationship between cancer survivors’ return-to-work (RTW) status and health-related quality of life (HR-QOL) following cancer diagnosis and treatment.

Methods

A questionnaire survey, which included three standardized HR-QOL instruments, was carried out among Japanese cancer survivors at their first follow-up appointment following hospital discharge. Participants were recruited by nurse investigators from 2016 to 2017 at their respective inpatient units. Statistical analyses were performed on the gathered data.

Results

Analysis of 94 returned questionnaires showed that symptom-related interference, physical function, mental function, and health and functioning, which were indicators of HR-QOL, and the factor “work category” were significantly associated with RTW status although symptoms, subjective well-being, and the other social background factors showed no statistically significant relationship with RTW status. Multinomial logistic regression analysis revealed that only the factor “work category,” which consisted of “physical” and “mental” work, had a significant effect on RTW status.

Conclusions

RTW status was associated with work category, symptom-related interference, physical function, mental function, and health and functioning; however, only the factor “work category” had significant influence. This study suggests that helping cancer survivors return to work considering the work category they are engaging is important. At that time interventions that are focused on the individual health functioning including physical and mental functions in preference to social background factors may get to be valuable.
Spatial and Temporal Limits of the Casas Grandes Tradition: A View from the Fronteras Valley
Authors: Carpenter John Philip , Sánchez Guadalupe , Cupa Edson , Abrego-Rivas Alejandra , López-Rivera José Antonio , León-Romero Claudia Elena , Krug Andrew R. , Davidson Jaron T. , Larrick Dakota , Lund Justin R. , Cooley Delaney S. , Pailes Matthew C.
Published: November 2022

This article revises the spatial and temporal boundaries of the Casas Grandes tradition associated with northwest Chihuahua, Mexico, based on new data collected in neighboring northeastern Sonora. The Casas Grandes tradition attained its greatest extent during the Medio period (AD 1200–1450/1500) followed by a dramatic demographic and political collapse. Hunter-gatherer groups subsequently occupied most of northwest Chihuahua. Data from the Fronteras Valley, Sonora, presents an alternative scenario, with a clear pattern of cultural continuity from the eleventh century to the colonial period in which sedentary farmers occupied the same landscapes and occasionally the same villages. These observations contribute to our understanding of the spread and subsequent demise of the Casas Grandes tradition in hinterland regions. For the Fronteras Valley, we infer that immigrant groups originally introduced Casas Grandes traditions and that uneven participation in a suite of shared religious beliefs and practices was common to all the hinterlands.
Contrasting drivers of sponge and seagrass assemblage composition in an Indo-Pacific seagrass meadow
Authors: Bachtiar Ramadian , Madduppa Hawis H. , Bell James J.
Published: November 2022

Sponges are major components of benthic marine ecosystems across the world. However, despite seagrasses being one of the key ecosystems in tropical environments, their associated sponge assemblages have been poorly studied. In this study we investigated seagrass and sponge assemblage composition in an Indo-Pacific seagrass meadow located surrounding Hoga Island in the Wakatobi National Park, South-east Sulawesi, Indonesia. We examined a continuous seagrass meadow, spatially separated into two sites, categorized into three zones based on the distance to the shore: high-shore, middle shore and near-reef-flat zones. We investigated the species richness, composition and abundance of both seagrass and sponge species across zones and sites. We found that the sponge assemblage composition was significantly different between sites and zones, while the seagrass assemblage was not. This suggests that the seagrass and sponge assemblages have different ecological drivers. Based on our observations, we propose that sponge adaptation to the prevailing environmental conditions in different seagrass zones may be reflected by sponge morphology. Furthermore, seagrass ecosystem management strategies should consider the different drivers of seagrass and sponge distribution patterns as they might be differentially affected by specific anthropogenic stressors.
Kinematic joint matrix and block diagram for a group of parallel manipulators
Authors: Zou Qi , Zhang Dan , Huang Guanyu
Published: November 2022

There are various matrices to represent parallel mechanisms. It is essential to design a kind of approach to not only denote the parallel structures but also disclose the joint directions. In this paper, a novel methodology called the kinematic joint matrix (KJM) is proposed. It possesses the mapping relations with parallel manipulators with three kinds of kinematic joints. The size of such matrix is smaller when compared with that of topology matrix. A series of two to six degrees-of-freedom parallel architectures is denoted by the KJM. A convenient approach using a special block diagram is introduced to distinguish various kinds of kinematic joint matrices. In addition, detailed comparisons between KJM and topology matrix are investigated. Three regulations are proposed for the latter to be applicable to parallel mechanisms.
Fillability of small Seifert fibered spaces
Authors: MATKOVIČ IRENA
Published: November 2022

On small Seifert fibered spaces$M(e_0;\,r_1,r_2,r_3)$with$e_0\neq-1,-2,$all tight contact structures are Stein fillable. This is not the case for$e_0=-1$or$-2$. However, for negative twisting structures it is expected that they are all symplectically fillable. Here, we characterise fillable structures among zero-twisting contact structures on small Seifert fibered spaces of the form$M\left({-}1;\,r_1,r_2,r_3\right)$. The result is obtained by analysing monodromy factorizations of associated planar open books.
Exact nonclassical symmetry solutions of Lotka–Volterra-type population systems
Authors: Broadbridge P. , Cherniha R. M. , Goard J. M.
Published: November 2022

New classes of conditionally integrable systems of nonlinear reaction–diffusion equations are introduced. They are obtained by extending a well-known nonclassical symmetry of a scalar partial differential equation to a vector equation. New exact solutions of nonlinear predator–prey systems with cross-diffusion are constructed. Infinite dimensional classes of exact solutions are made available for such nonlinear systems. Some of these solutions decay towards extinction and some oscillate or spiral around an interior fixed point. It is shown that the conditionally integrable systems are closely related to the standard diffusive Lotka–Volterra system, but they have additional features.
Repeating Low Frequency Icequakes in the Mont‐Blanc Massif Triggered by Snowfalls
Authors: Helmstetter Agnès
Published: November 2022

Deformation mechanisms of glaciers are highly sensitive to basal temperature; the motion of temperate glaciers is dominated by basal slip while cold‐based glaciers deform mainly by internal creep. While basal slip is usually aseismic, unstable slip sometimes occurs and can be detected by seismometers. I have detected clusters of repeating low‐frequency icequakes (LFIs) in the Mont‐Blanc massif. Some properties of LFIs are similar to the high‐frequency icequakes (HFIs) located at the base of Argentière glacier (Helmstetter, Nicolas, et al., 2015, https://doi.org/10.1002/2014jf003288). Both HFIs and LFIs occur as bursts of tens to several thousand events lasting for days or weeks, with typical inter‐event times of several minutes during bursts. Unlike HFIs that have a broad spectra, LFIs have a characteristic frequency of about 5 Hz at all stations, suggesting a rupture length of about 100 m. Seismic amplitudes and seismic waveforms of LFIs progressively evolve with time within each cluster, suggesting changes in either rupture length or rupture velocity. Most LFIs are detected during snowfall episodes while HFIs are not correlated with snowfall episodes. In this study, I used all available seismic stations within or around the Mont‐Blanc massif between 2017 and 2022. I found LFIs located all over the massif but mainly above 3,000 m. Some clusters are clearly associated with cold basal ice (near Mont‐Blanc summit) while others below 2,700 m a.s.l. are likely located under temperate glaciers and two clusters could be associated with landslides. This observation of LFIs on cold glaciers is consistent with laboratory friction experiments suggesting that cold ice promotes unstable slip (McCarthy et al., 2017, https://doi.org/10.1098/rsta.2015.0348; Saltiel et al., 2021, https://doi.org/10.1785/0220200480; Zoet et al., 2013, 2020, https://doi.org/10.1002/jgrf.20052, https://doi.org/10.1029/2020gl088964).
The deubiquitinating enzyme STAMBP is a newly discovered driver of triple-negative breast cancer progression that maintains RAI14 protein stability
Authors: Yang Qianqian , Yan Ding , Zou Chaoying , Xue Qian , Lin Shuhui , Huang Qingtian , Li Xiaofen , Tang Daolin , Chen Xin , Liu Jinbao
Published: November 2022

Triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) is a heterogeneous malignancy in women. It is associated with poor prognosis, aggressive malignant behavior, and limited treatment options. In the ubiquitin‒proteasome system (UPS), deubiquitinases (DUBs) are potential therapeutic targets for various tumors. In this study, by performing unbiased siRNA screening, we identified STAMBP, a JAMM metalloprotease in the DUB family, as a driver of human TNBC tumor growth. Functionally, the knockdown of STAMBP inhibited the proliferation, migration, and invasion of multiple TNBC cell lines. Immunoprecipitation–mass spectrometry combined with functional and morphological analysis verified the interaction between STAMBP and the actin-binding protein RAI14. Mechanistically, STAMBP stabilized the RAI14 protein by suppressing the K48-linked ubiquitination of RAI14 and thus prevented its proteasomal degradation. Therefore, knocking down STAMBP resulted in the reduction in RAI14 protein levels and suppression of tumor growth in vitro and in vivo. Importantly, high levels of STAMBP were correlated with poor prognosis in TNBC patients. In summary, we reveal a previously unrecognized DUB pathway that promotes TNBC progression and provides a rationale for potential therapeutic interventions for the treatment of TNBC.
The strategy and clinical relevance of in vitro models of MAP resistance in osteosarcoma: a systematic review
Authors: Tippett Victoria L. , Tattersall Luke , Ab Latif Norain B. , Shah Karan M. , Lawson Michelle A. , Gartland Alison
Published: November 2022

Over the last 40 years osteosarcoma (OS) survival has stagnated with patients commonly resistant to neoadjuvant MAP chemotherapy involving high dose methotrexate, adriamycin (doxorubicin) and platinum (cisplatin). Due to the rarity of OS, the generation of relevant cell models as tools for drug discovery is paramount to tackling this issue. Four literature databases were systematically searched using pre-determined search terms to identify MAP resistant OS cell lines and patients. Drug exposure strategies used to develop cell models of resistance and the impact of these on the differential expression of resistance associated genes, proteins and non-coding RNAs are reported. A comparison to clinical studies in relation to chemotherapy response, relapse and metastasis was then made. The search retrieved 1891 papers of which 52 were relevant. Commonly, cell lines were derived from Caucasian patients with epithelial or fibroblastic subtypes. The strategy for model development varied with most opting for continuous over pulsed chemotherapy exposure. A diverse resistance level was observed between models (2.2–338 fold) with 63% of models exceeding clinically reported resistance levels which may affect the expression of chemoresistance factors. In vitro p-glycoprotein overexpression is a key resistance mechanism; however, from the available literature to date this does not translate to innate resistance in patients. The selection of models with a lower fold resistance may better reflect the clinical situation. A comparison of standardised strategies in models and variants should be performed to determine their impact on resistance markers. Clinical studies are required to determine the impact of resistance markers identified in vitro in poor responders to MAP treatment, specifically with respect to innate and acquired resistance. A shift from seeking disputed and undruggable mechanisms to clinically relevant resistance mechanisms may identify key resistance markers that can be targeted for patient benefit after a 40-year wait.
Atypical prediction error learning is associated with prodromal symptoms in individuals at clinical high risk for psychosis
Authors: Charlton Colleen E. , Lepock Jennifer R. , Hauke Daniel J. , Mizrahi Romina , Kiang Michael , Diaconescu Andreea O.
Published: November 2022

Reductions in the auditory mismatch negativity (MMN) have been well-demonstrated in schizophrenia rendering it a promising biomarker for understanding the emergence of psychosis. According to the predictive coding theory of psychosis, MMN impairments may reflect disturbances in hierarchical information processing driven by maladaptive precision-weighted prediction errors (pwPEs) and enhanced belief updating. We applied a hierarchical Bayesian model of learning to single-trial EEG data from an auditory oddball paradigm in 31 help-seeking antipsychotic-naive high-risk individuals and 23 healthy controls to understand the computational mechanisms underlying the auditory MMN. We found that low-level sensory and high-level volatility pwPE expression correlated with EEG amplitudes, coinciding with the timing of the MMN. Furthermore, we found that prodromal positive symptom severity was associated with increased expression of sensory pwPEs and higher-level belief uncertainty. Our findings provide support for the role of pwPEs in auditory MMN generation, and suggest that increased sensory pwPEs driven by changes in belief uncertainty may render the environment seemingly unpredictable. This may predispose high-risk individuals to delusion-like ideation to explain this experience. These results highlight the value of computational models for understanding the pathophysiological mechanisms of psychosis.
Fine-mapping the immunodominant antibody epitopes on consensus sequence-based HIV-1 envelope trimer vaccine candidates
Authors: Reiss E. I. M. M. , van Haaren M. M. , van Schooten J. , Claireaux M. A. F. , Maisonnasse P. , Antanasijevic A. , Allen J. D. , Bontjer I. , Torres J. L. , Lee W-H , Ozorowski G. , Vázquez Bernat N. , Kaduk M. , Aldon Y. , Burger J. A. , Chawla H. , Aartse A. , Tolazzi M. , Gao H. , Mundsperger P. , Crispin M. , Montefiori D. C. , Karlsson Hedestam G. B. , Scarlatti G. , Ward A. B. , Le Grand R. , Shattock R. , Dereuddre-Bosquet N. , Sanders R. W. , van Gils M. J.
Published: November 2022

The HIV-1 envelope glycoprotein (Env) trimer is the key target for vaccines aimed at inducing neutralizing antibodies (NAbs) against HIV-1. The clinical candidate immunogen ConM SOSIP.v7 is a stabilized native-like HIV-1 Env trimer based on an artificial consensus sequence of all HIV-1 isolates in group M. In preclinical studies ConM SOSIP.v7 trimers induced strong autologous NAb responses in non-human primates (NHPs). To fine-map these responses, we isolated monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) from six cynomolgus macaques that were immunized three times with ConM SOSIP.v7 protein and boosted twice with the closely related ConSOSL.UFO.664 immunogen. A total of 40 ConM and/or ConS-specific mAbs were isolated, of which 18 were retrieved after the three ConM SOSIP.v7 immunizations and 22 after the two immunizations with ConSOSL.UFO.664. 22 mAbs (55%) neutralized the ConM and/or ConS virus. Cross-neutralization of ConS virus by approximately one-third of the mAbs was seen prior to ConSOSL.UFO.664 immunization, albeit with modest potency. Neutralizing antibodies predominantly targeted the V1 and V2 regions of the immunogens, with an apparent extension towards the V3 region. Thus, the V1V2V3 region is immunodominant in the potent NAb response elicited by two consensus sequence native-like HIV-1 Env immunogens. Immunization with these soluble consensus Env proteins also elicited non-neutralizing mAbs targeting the trimer base. These results inform the use and improvement of consensus-based trimer immunogens in combinatorial vaccine strategies.
Direct observations of a complex coronal web driving highly structured slow solar wind
Authors: Chitta L. P. , Seaton D. B. , Downs C. , DeForest C. E. , Higginson A. K.
Published: November 2022

The solar wind consists of continuous streams of charged particles that escape into the heliosphere from the Sun, and is split into fast and slow components, with the fast wind emerging from the interiors of coronal holes. Near the ecliptic plane, the fast wind from low-latitude coronal holes is interspersed with a highly structured slow solar wind, the source regions and drivers of which are poorly understood. Here we report extreme-ultraviolet observations that reveal a spatially complex web of magnetized plasma structures that persistently interact and reconnect in the middle corona. Coronagraphic white-light images show concurrent emergence of slow wind streams over these coronal web structures. With advanced global magnetohydrodynamics coronal models, we demonstrate that the observed coronal web is a direct imprint of the magnetic separatrix web (S-web). By revealing a highly dynamic portion of the S-web, our observations open a window into important middle-coronal processes that appear to play a key role in driving the structured slow solar wind.
E-glass/kenaf fibre reinforced thermoset composites fiiled with MCC and immersion in a different fluid
Authors: Palmiyanto Martinus Heru , Surojo Eko , Ariawan Dody , Imaduddin Fitrian
Published: November 2022

It is important to examine the long-term durability of glass-kenaf fibre reinforced phenolic resin composites when they are exposed to humid environments or submerged in water. Furthermore, the durability of such composites when immersed in different pH solutions have yet to be examined. As such, this present study examined the use of 4%, 8%, and 12% volume fractions (vfs) of microcrystalline cellulose (MCC) as a filler and reinforcement to improve the properties of glass fibre-kenaf reinforced phenolic resin composites. The flexural strength of these composites was examined both pre- and post-immersion in distilled water (pH 7), seawater (pH 8), and an acidic solution (pH 3) for 60 days. The diffusion mechanism, difussion coefficient, and water absorption concentration were also examined. The difussion coefficient and water absorption concentration occurred post-immersion in distilled water (pH7) and seawater (pH8) while the acidic solution (pH3) resulted in the highest loss of mass and size. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) of the surfaces of the saturated composites indicated that fibre-matrix interfacial bonding was weak. However, composites that contained a higher vf of MCC exhibited stronger interfacial bonding between the matrix and constituents, thereby, reducing water absorption and diffusion. The flexural strength of the composite pre- and post-immersion was MCC12 > MCC8 > MCC4 > MCC0, in descending order of strength.
Cooperative effects of oocytes and estrogen on the forkhead box L2 expression in mural granulosa cells in mice
Authors: Ito Haruka , Emori Chihiro , Kobayashi Mei , Maruyama Natsumi , Fujii Wataru , Naito Kunihiko , Sugiura Koji
Published: November 2022

Forkhead box L2 (FOXL2) plays a critical role in the development and function of mammalian ovaries. In fact, the causative effects of FOXL2 misregulations have been identified in many ovarian diseases, such as primary ovarian insufficiency and granulosa cell tumor; however, the mechanism by which FOXL2 expression is regulated is not well studied. Here, we showed that FOXL2 expression in ovarian mural granulosa cells (MGCs) requires stimulation by both oocyte-derived signals and estrogen in mice. In the absence of oocytes or estrogen, expression of FOXL2 and its transcriptional targets,Cyp19a1andFstmRNA, in MGCs were significantly decreased. Moreover, expression levels ofSox9mRNA, but not SOX9 protein, were significantly increased in the FOXL2-reduced MGCs. FOXL2 expression in MGCs was maintained with either oocytes or recombinant proteins of oocyte-derived paracrine factors, BMP15 and GDF9, together with estrogen, and this oocyte effect was abrogated with an ALK5 inhibitor, SB431542. In addition, the FOXL2 level was significantly decreased in MGCs isolated fromBmp15−/−/Gdf9+/−mice. Therefore, oocyte, probably with estrogen, plays a critical role in the regulation of FOXL2 expression in mural granulosa cells in mice.
Research on model design and operation mechanism of enterprise blockchain digital system
Authors: Su Xin , Wang Shengwen
Published: November 2022

Emerging technologies such as blockchain have accelerated the digitization of a variety of industries, improved the operational efficiency of enterprises, and promoted in-depth integration of digital technology with the real economy. Blockchain has characteristics that include distributed storage, peer-to-peer transmission, strong confidentiality, and easy traceability. This article introduces blockchain into an enterprise’s information management system with the aim of breaking the enterprise’s digital barriers by using technologies such as distributed ledgers, smart contracts, and asymmetric encryption, thus improving the security and applicability of the enterprise data assets. This article explores the characteristics and security of three types of blockchain in depth, designs the model framework of the blockchain digital system (BDS) based on industry needs, and analyzes the functions and the operating mechanisms of each level of the system in detail. Finally, based on the characteristics of public blockchain, consortium blockchain, and private blockchain, three typical application scenarios in which the BDS can be used are selected, and the article discusses how E-retail supply chains, virtual power plants, and carbon trading platforms can realize digital management using the BDS, thus providing a practical basis for construction and application of the BDS.
Tailoring the composition of biocopolyester blends for dimensionally accurate extrusion-based printing, annealing and steam sterilization
Authors: Burkhardt F. , Schmidt V. D. , Wesemann C. , Schirmeister C. G. , Rothlauf S. , Pieralli S. , Brandenburg L. S. , Kleinvogel L. , Vach K. , Spies B. C.
Published: November 2022

Fused filament fabrication (FFF) represents a straightforward additive manufacturing technique applied in the medical sector for personalized patient treatment. However, frequently processed biopolymers lack sufficient thermal stability to be used as auxiliary devices such as surgical guides. The aim of this study was to evaluate the dimensional accuracy of experimental biocopolyester blends with improved thermal characteristics after printing, annealing and sterilization. A total of 160 square specimens and 40 surgical guides for oral implant placement were printed. One subgroup of each material (n = 10) underwent thermal annealing before both subgroups were subjected to steam sterilization (134 °C; 5 min). Specimens were digitized and the deviation from the original file was calculated. The thermal behavior was analyzed using differential scanning calorimetry and thermogravimetric analysis. A one-way ANOVA and t-tests were applied for statistical analyses (p < 0.05). All biocopolyester blends showed warpage during steam sterilization. However, the material modification with mineral fillers (21–32 wt%) and nucleating agents in combination with thermal annealing showed a significantly reduced warpage of printed square specimens. Geometry of the printing object seemed to affect dimensional accuracy, as printed surgical guides showed less distortion between the groups. In summary, biocopolyesters did benefit from fillers and annealing to improve their dimensional stability.
DrugnomeAI is an ensemble machine-learning framework for predicting druggability of candidate drug targets
Authors: Raies Arwa , Tulodziecka Ewa , Stainer James , Middleton Lawrence , Dhindsa Ryan S. , Hill Pamela , Engkvist Ola , Harper Andrew R. , Petrovski Slavé , Vitsios Dimitrios
Published: November 2022

The druggability of targets is a crucial consideration in drug target selection. Here, we adopt a stochastic semi-supervised ML framework to develop DrugnomeAI, which estimates the druggability likelihood for every protein-coding gene in the human exome. DrugnomeAI integrates gene-level properties from 15 sources resulting in 324 features. The tool generates exome-wide predictions based on labelled sets of known drug targets (median AUC: 0.97), highlighting features from protein-protein interaction networks as top predictors. DrugnomeAI provides generic as well as specialised models stratified by disease type or drug therapeutic modality. The top-ranking DrugnomeAI genes were significantly enriched for genes previously selected for clinical development programs (p value < 1 × 10−308) and for genes achieving genome-wide significance in phenome-wide association studies of 450 K UK Biobank exomes for binary (p value = 1.7 × 10−5) and quantitative traits (p value = 1.6 × 10−7). We accompany our method with a web application (http://drugnomeai.public.cgr.astrazeneca.com) to visualise the druggability predictions and the key features that define gene druggability, per disease type and modality.
A non-carboxylating pentose bisphosphate pathway in halophilic archaea
Authors: Sato Takaaki , Utashima Sanae , Yoshii Yuta , Hirata Kosuke , Kanda Shuichiro , Onoda Yushi , Jin Jian-qiang , Xiao Suyi , Minami Ryoko , Fukushima Hikaru , Noguchi Ayako , Manabe Yoshiyuki , Fukase Koichi , Atomi Haruyuki
Published: November 2022

Bacteria and Eucarya utilize the non-oxidative pentose phosphate pathway to direct the ribose moieties of nucleosides to central carbon metabolism. Many archaea do not possess this pathway, and instead, Thermococcales utilize a pentose bisphosphate pathway involving ribose-1,5-bisphosphate (R15P) isomerase and ribulose-1,5-bisphosphate (RuBP) carboxylase/oxygenase (Rubisco). Intriguingly, multiple genomes from halophilic archaea seem only to harbor R15P isomerase, and do not harbor Rubisco. In this study, we identify a previously unrecognized nucleoside degradation pathway in halophilic archaea, composed of guanosine phosphorylase, ATP-dependent ribose-1-phosphate kinase, R15P isomerase, RuBP phosphatase, ribulose-1-phosphate aldolase, and glycolaldehyde reductase. The pathway converts the ribose moiety of guanosine to dihydroxyacetone phosphate and ethylene glycol. Although the metabolic route from guanosine to RuBP via R15P is similar to that of the pentose bisphosphate pathway in Thermococcales, the downstream route does not utilize Rubisco and is unique to halophilic archaea.
A conserved glutathione binding site in poliovirus is a target for antivirals and vaccine stabilisation
Authors: Bahar Mohammad W. , Nasta Veronica , Fox Helen , Sherry Lee , Grehan Keith , Porta Claudine , Macadam Andrew J. , Stonehouse Nicola J. , Rowlands David J. , Fry Elizabeth E. , Stuart David I.
Published: November 2022

Strategies to prevent the recurrence of poliovirus (PV) after eradication may utilise non-infectious, recombinant virus-like particle (VLP) vaccines. Despite clear advantages over inactivated or attenuated virus vaccines, instability of VLPs can compromise their immunogenicity. Glutathione (GSH), an important cellular reducing agent, is a crucial co-factor for the morphogenesis of enteroviruses, including PV. We report cryo-EM structures of GSH bound to PV serotype 3 VLPs showing that it can enhance particle stability. GSH binds the positively charged pocket at the interprotomer interface shown recently to bind GSH in enterovirus F3 and putative antiviral benzene sulphonamide compounds in other enteroviruses. We show, using high-resolution cryo-EM, the binding of a benzene sulphonamide compound with a PV serotype 2 VLP, consistent with antiviral activity through over-stabilizing the interprotomer pocket, preventing the capsid rearrangements necessary for viral infection. Collectively, these results suggest GSH or an analogous tight-binding antiviral offers the potential for stabilizing VLP vaccines.
Anomalous resonance between low-energy particles and electromagnetic plasma waves
Authors: Li Jing-Huan , Liu Zhi-Yang , Zhou Xu-Zhi , Li Li , Omura Yoshiharu , Yue Chao , Zong Qiu-Gang , Pu Zu-Yin , Fu Sui-Yan , Xie Lun , Russell Christopher T. , Pollock Craig J. , Le Guan , Burch James L.
Published: November 2022

Cyclotron resonance between plasma waves and charged particles is a fundamental and ubiquitous process in the plasma universe, during which the particle’s gyromotion has a constant phase in the wave field to enable a sustained energy exchange. In this classical picture, however, the particle’s angular velocity is determined only by the background magnetic field. Here, we show that the classical condition of cyclotron resonance fails to describe the observations of low-energy particles in resonance with large-amplitude waves, which highlights the roles of the wave field in nonlinearly modifying the resonant picture. The revised scenario of anomalous resonance is then validated by the agreement between test-particle simulations and ultrafast spacecraft measurements, which present in-phase and/or antiphase relationships between the wave magnetic field and ion flux oscillations at energy and pitch-angle ranges incompatible with the classical resonance condition. This revision could significantly affect the wave-particle energy exchange and wave evolution processes.
Concentration dependent alloying behaviour of liquid GaAu
Authors: Lambie Stephanie , Steenbergen Krista G. , Gaston Nicola
Published: November 2022

Au concentrations between 15% and 25% weight in a liquid Ga solvent stabilise the highest abundance of single Au atoms.
An optically reversible room-temperature solid-state cobalt(iii) photoswitch based on nitro-to-nitrito linkage isomerism
Authors: Deresz Krystyna A. , Kamiński Radosław , Kutniewska Sylwia E. , Krówczyński Adam , Schaniel Dominik , Jarzembska Katarzyna N.
Published: November 2022

The first transition-metal nitro complex that exhibits optically reversible room-temperature photoswitchability with notable nitro-to-nitrito conversion of ca. 55% is reported.
Cell morphology-guided de novo hit design by conditioning GANs on phenotypic image features
Authors: Marin Zapata Paula A. , Méndez-Lucio Oscar , Le Tuan , Beese Carsten Jörn , Wichard Jörg , Rouquié David , Clevert Djork-Arné
Published: November 2022

Cellular morphology can be used to guide the de novo design of small molecules inducing a desired phenotype.
Discrimination of rocks by laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy combined with Random Forest (RF)
Authors: Jin Xueying , Yang Guang , Sun Xuxu , Qu Dongming , Li Shichao , Chen Guanyu , Li Chunsheng , Tian Di , Yao Li
Published: November 2022

LIBS and RF were combined to realize the discrimination of rocks from different provenances.
Palladium-catalyzed C(sp3)–H nitrooxylation of masked alcohols
Authors: Xue Yuan , Zhou Ruo-Bing , Luo Jun , Hu Bing-Cheng , Liu Zhong-Quan , Jiang Chao
Published: November 2022

A palladium-catalyzed β-C(sp3)–H nitrooxylation of aliphatic alcohols with AgNO2 is reported. Various nitrooxylated alcohols could be obtained and converted into 1,2-diol and 1,2-amino alcohol.
Towards an accelerated decarbonization of the chemical industry by electrolysis
Authors: Barecka Magda H. , Ager Joel W.
Published: November 2022

Electrochemical technologies support the transition towards carbon-neutral chemical manufacturing and we need new approaches to accelerate electrolysis scale-up.
Global 3D radiation-hydrodynamical models of AGB stars with dust-driven winds
Authors: Freytag Bernd , Höfner Susanne
Published: November 2022

Context. Convection and mass loss by stellar winds are two dynamical processes that shape asymptotic giant branch (AGB) stars and their evolution. Observations and earlier 3D models indicate that giant convection cells cause high-contrast surface intensity patterns, and contribute to the origin of clumpy dust clouds.

Aims. We study the formation and resulting properties of dust-driven winds from AGB stars, using new global 3D simulations.

Methods. The dynamical stellar interiors, atmospheres, and wind acceleration zones of two M-type AGB stars were modeled with the CO5BOLD code. These first global 3D simulations are based on frequency-dependent gas opacities, and they feature time-dependent condensation and evaporation of silicate grains.

Results. Convection and pulsations emerge self-consistently, allowing us to derive wind properties (e.g., mass-loss rates and outflow velocities), without relying on parameterized descriptions of these processes. In contrast to 1D models with purely radial pulsations, the shocks induced by convection and pulsation in the 3D models cover large parts, but not the entirety, of the sphere, leading to a patchy, nonspherical structure of the atmosphere. Since dust condensation critically depends on gas density, new dust clouds form mostly in the dense wakes of atmospheric shocks, where the grains can grow efficiently. The resulting clumpy distribution of newly formed dust leads to a complex 3D morphology of the extended atmosphere and wind-acceleration zone, with simultaneous infall and outflow regions close to the star. Highly nonspherical isotherms and short-lived cool pockets of gas in the stellar vicinity are prominent features. Efficient dust formation sets in closer to the star than spherical averages of the temperature indicate, in dense regions where grain growth rates are higher than average. This can lead to weak outflows in situations where corresponding 1D models do not produce winds. For stars where the overall conditions for dust formation and wind acceleration are favorable, it is unclear whether the resulting mass-loss rates will be higher or lower than in the 1D case. The increased efficiency of dust formation in high-density clumps may be offset by a low volume coverage of the forming clouds.

Conclusions. A global 3D approach is essential to make progress in understanding dynamical processes in AGB stars, and, in particular, to solve long-standing problems regarding mass loss.
Newcleo, mise sur le plomb
Authors: Le Gros Gaïc
Published: November 2022

Newcleo, créé en 2021, développe un réacteur refroidi au plomb liquide. Compact, compétitif et bénéfique à la fermeture du cycle du combustible, ce concept suscite un fort regain d’intérêt à l’international.
Intelligent art: the fusion growth of artificial intelligence in art and design
Authors: Zheng Xiaojun , Bassir David , Yang Yue , Zhou Zheng
Published: November 2022

This article focuses on the study of intelligent art resulting from the fusion growth of artificial intelligence and art, and proposes the process of collision and integration between them. At the same time, this paper explores the space and possibility of the fusion development of AI and art, illustrates how technology reconstructs and further inspires art design innovation. Beijing Winter Olympics opening ceremony is selected as an example, to underline the application of AI technology in large-scale visual art design. In addition, it summarizes also the advantages and limitations of AI applications in art, analyzes the opportunities and challenges facing the integration of such technology and art, and discusses their future development and outlook.
Das Weddinger Modell: Einfluss eines Recovery-orientierten Konzepts auf Zwangsmaßnahmen
Authors: Mahler Lieselotte , Vandamme Angelika , Jarchov-Jádi Ina , Cole Celline , Junghanss Julia
Published: November 2022

Seit 12 Jahren ist das Weddinger Modell mittlerweile als Recovery-orientiertes Behandlungskonzept in der Psychiatrischen Universitätsklinik der Charité im St. Hedwig-Krankenhaus etabliert. Im CNE Schwerpunkt zeigen wir die Widersprüche und Zusammenhänge zwischen Recovery und Zwang in der Psychiatrie am Beispiel des Weddinger Modells auf und stellen praxistaugliche Lösungsstrategien für die klinische Arbeit vor.
BRAFV600E and BRAF-WT Specific Antitumor Immunity in
Papillary Thyroid Cancer
Authors: Ehlers Margret , Schmidt Mathias , Mattes-Gyorgy Katalin , Antke Christina , Enczmann Juergen , Schlensog Martin , Japp Anna , Haase Matthias , Allelein Stephanie , Dringenberg Till , Giesel Frederik , Esposito Irene , Schott Matthias
Published: November 2022

One feature of papillary thyroid cancer (PTC) is the frequently present somatic
BRAFV600E mutation. PTCs are also characterized by a lymphocytic
infiltration, which may correlate with an improved clinical outcome. The
objective of the study was the characterization of BRAFV600E specific
anti-immunity in PTC patients and correlation analyses with the clinical
outcome. Fourteen HLA A2 positive PTC patients were included into the study of
whom tumor tissue samples were also available. Of those, 8 PTC patients revealed
a somatic BRAFV600E mutation. All PTC patients were also MHC class II
typed. Tetramer analyses for detection of MHC class I and MHC class
II-restricted, BRAFV600E epitope-specific T cells using unstimulated
and peptide-stimulated T cells were performed; correlation analyses between MHC
phenotypes, T cell immunity, and the clinical course were performed. In regard
to unstimulated T cells, a significantly higher amount of BRAFV600E
epitope specific T cells was detected compared to a control tetramer.
Importantly, after overnight peptide stimulation a significantly higher number
of BRAFV600E positive and BRAF WT epitope-specific T cells could be
seen. In regard to the clinical course, however, no significant differences were
seen, neither in the context of the initial tumor size, nor in the context of
lymph node metastases or peripheral metastastic spread. In conclusion, we
clearly demonstrated a BRAF-specific tumor immunity in PTC-patients which is,
however, independent of a BRAFV600E status of the PTC patients.
Things we smell and things they smell like
Authors: Poulton Thomas
Published: November 2022

The sense of smell has been relatively neglected in the Western research. It is not regarded as particularly useful compared to the perceived importance of senses like sight, sound, and touch. Correspondingly, English speakers are ill-equipped to describe qualities of smells, instead invoking entities that share similar olfactory qualities, e.g. like roses. This raises the question: which odours do English speakers frequently refer to, and which terms describe them? This corpus-driven study looks at nouns in olfactory contexts, and the conceptual domains they fall into. Results show that speakers invoke different smells according to context: when talking about a smell they perceive, when describing a smell, or in a description of another smell, which demonstrates the differential communicative functions of smells. Further analysis shows that smells that are described are more variable than those used as descriptors, and smells being used to describe are more emotional using psychometric norming data.
Memes from confinement
Authors: Divita David
Published: November 2022

Memes have been described as textual forms of “(post)modern folklore” (Shifman, 2014: 5). Photos or short videos, they highlight current cultural phenomena, and they spread exponentially
through person-to-person sharing on social media platforms. For this article, I created a corpus of memes that circulated in March
2020, during the first weeks after statewide lockdown orders were issued in the U.S. in response to the COVID-19 pandemic. Drawing
on Bakthin’s (1981) concept of the chronotope, I analyze a subset of these memes that
specifically addressed the experience of time in confinement, illuminating two interrelated trends: the disruption of temporal
order in the present and the projection of chronotopes of hindsight in which this present gets resolved as past. Through detailed
textual analysis, I show that the memes reveal both a widespread sense of disorientation and a corollary impulse to mitigate it
through the imagination of spatiotemporal realms. I argue that such chronotopic projections can serve as a response to temporary
but profound uncertainty, caused in this case by the public health crisis in its initial stages.
Chronotopes and the COVID-19 pandemic
Authors: De Fina Anna , Perrino Sabina M.
Published: November 2022

In this introduction we discuss the centrality of the management and perception of space-time coordinates during
the Covid-19 crisis and highlight some of the main themes that contributors develop in their articles. In particular, we analyze
how contributors’ elaborations of the notion of chronotope involve a discussion of fundamental issues such as the
conceptualization of context, the relationships of chronotopes with ideologies, the configuration and interpretation of meanings
at different levels, and their social circulation.

In the second part of the introduction we discuss in what ways, by taking up a chronotopic lens, the contributors
provide new insights into some of the social processes of meaning making and changes in social relations that have been emerging
during the pandemic.
About the current flow in a discharge tube with a metal section. I-model of a conductive liquid
Authors: Siasko A V , Golubovskii Yu B , Balabas M V
Published: November 2022

The work is devoted to the study of the current flow through a glass cylindrical discharge tube with a metal section. A hydrodynamic model of a one-component conductive liquid is considered. The parameters of the conductive liquid are set in accordance with the parameters of the discharge in neon at a pressure of 1 Torr and a current of 10 mA. It is shown that the presence of a metal section leads to a branching of the discharge current into a component flowing through the gas volume and a component flowing along the approximately equipotential metal surface. Two-dimensional distributions of the electric potential, electric field, and current density are obtained depending on the size of the metal section and the radius of the discharge tube. Based on the calculated electric field, the spatial distribution of excitation sources describing the emission of spectral lines and ionization is calculated. The occurrence of a space charge near the glass-metal interface is analysed.
Monte Carlo calculation of the exposure of Chinese female astronauts to earth’s trapped radiation on board the Chinese Space Station
Authors: Guo Yipan , Yan Fazhi , Fang Meihua , Zhang Zhao , Cheng Wei , Guo Bing
Published: November 2022

With the development of China’s crewed space mission, the space radiation risk for astronauts is increasingly prominent. This paper describes a simulation of the radiation doses experienced by a Chinese female voxel phantom on board the Chinese Space Station (CSS) performed using the Monte Carlo N-Particle (MCNP) software. The absorbed dose, equivalent dose, and effective dose experienced by the voxel phantom and its critical organs are discussed for different levels of shielding of the Tianhe core module. The risk of space-radiation exposure is then assessed by comparing these doses with the current risk limits in China (the skin dose limit for short-term low-earth-orbit missions) and the NASA figures (National Council on Radiation Protection and Measurements Report No. 98) for female astronauts. The results obtained can be used to guide and optimize the radiation protection provided for manned space missions.
Magnetic triangular bubble lattices in bismuth-doped yttrium iron garnet
Authors: Lin Tao , Wang Chengxiang , Qiu Zhiyong , Chen Chao , Xing Tao , Sun Lu , Liang Jianhui , Wu Yizheng , Shi Zhong , Lei Na
Published: November 2022

Magnetic bubbles have again become a subject of significant attention following the experimental observation of topologically nontrivial magnetic skyrmions. In recent work, tailoring the shape of the bubbles is considered a key factor for their dynamics in spintronic devices. In addition to the reported circular, elliptical, and square bubbles, here we observe triangular bubble domains in bismuth-doped yttrium iron garnet (Bi-YIG) using Kerr microscopy. The bubble domains evolve from discrete circular to latticed triangular and hexagonal shapes. Further, the orientation of the triangular bubbles in the hexagonal lattices can be flipped by decreasing the magnetic field. The sixfold in-plane magnetic anisotropy of Bi-YIG(111) crystal, which is presumably the mechanism underlying the triangular shape of the bubbles, is measured as 1179 erg/cm3. The study of the morphologies of topologically trivial bubbles in YIG offers insight into nontrivial spin textures, which is appealing for future spintronic applications.
Machine learning phase transitions of the three-dimensional Ising universality class*
Authors: Li Xiaobing , Guo Ranran , Zhou Yu , Liu Kangning , Zhao Jia , Long Fen , Wu Yuanfang , Li Zhiming
Published: November 2022

Exploration of the QCD phase diagram and critical point is one of the main goals in current relativistic heavy-ion collisions. The QCD critical point is expected to belong to a three-dimensional (3D) Ising universality class. Machine learning techniques are found to be powerful in distinguishing different phases of matter and provide a new way to study the phase diagram. We investigate phase transitions in the 3D cubic Ising model using supervised learning methods. It is found that a 3D convolutional neural network can be trained to effectively predict physical quantities in different spin configurations. With a uniform neural network architecture, it can encode phases of matter and identify both second- and first-order phase transitions. The important features that discriminate different phases in the classification processes are investigated. These findings can help study and understand QCD phase transitions in relativistic heavy-ion collisions.