bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Perinatal HIV Service Coordination: Closing Gaps in the HIV Care Continuum for Pregnant Women and Eliminating Perinatal HIV Transmission in the United States
Authors: Andrews Mary-Margaret , Storm Deborah S. , Burr Carolyn K. , Aaron Erika , Hoyt Mary Jo , Statton Anne , Weber Shannon
Published: August 2018

Eliminating perinatal transmission of HIV and improving the care of childbearing women living with HIV in the United States require public health and clinical leadership. The Comprehensive Care Workgroup of the Elimination of Perinatal HIV Transmission Stakeholders Group, sponsored by the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, developed a concept of perinatal HIV service coordination (PHSC) and identified 6 core functions through (1) semistructured exploratory interviews with contacts in 11 state or city health departments from April 2011 through February 2012, (2) literature review and summary of data on gaps in services and outcomes, and (3) group meetings from August 2010 through June 2017. We discuss leadership strategies for implementing the core functions of PHSC: strategic planning, access to services, real-time case finding, care coordination, comprehensive care, and data and case reviews. PHSC provides a systematic approach to optimize services and close gaps in perinatal HIV prevention and the HIV care continuum for childbearing women that can be individualized for jurisdictions with varying needs.
Patient-targeted googling and psychiatric professionals
Authors: Gershengoren Liliya
Published: August 2018

Objective

This is a pilot study which assesses the beliefs of psychiatric professionals regarding obtaining patient information via the Internet as well as the frequency with which they do it in a variety of clinical settings.

Methods

Psychiatry faculty and residents were asked to participate in an anonymous online survey about their use of the search engine Google to find information about their patients. Data were analyzed with Microsoft Excel.

Results

The participants included 48 faculty and 34 residents (118 faculty and 44 residents were surveyed) with response rates of 41% and 77%, respectively. Majority of attending physicians and residents reported engaging in patient-targeted googling with no significant difference between the groups. Residents were most likely to search for patient information online in the psychiatric emergency room (45%). Psychiatric emergency room (36.8%) and private practice (31.6%) were notable clinical settings for obtaining further patient information on the Internet for the faculty. When describing reasons for engaging in patient-targeted googling, “patient care” was cited about twice as often as “curiosity” in the psychiatric emergency room, whereas “curiosity” and “patient care” were reasons mentioned in other clinical settings. In general, neither faculty nor residents report informing their patients of their Internet searches either before or after engaging in patient-targeted googling.

Conclusion

This study raises important questions about education for trainees and faculty regarding patient-targeted googling.
Citing the Poor: Commercial Sovereignty and Capitalist Integration in Colonial Karachi
Authors: Chhabria Sheetal
Published: August 2018

Building on recent studies that have sought to locate Karachi’s history within multiple geographies, this article analyzes how Karachi’s urban poor became used to prove Karachi’s (and by extension Sindh’s) “economic backwardness.” Most significantly, the question of Sindh’s autonomy was voiced in the institution of the Karachi Municipality, where advocates began deploying Karachi’s poor, their housing conditions, and laboring conditions to contest Karachi’s material and social construction. Using Karachi’s laboring and poor in this way rendered the city’s poor marked by ethnic identity awaiting integration into world commerce rather than laborers in a growing, capitalist, and unequal city. In other words, rather than being seen as effects of capitalist development writ large with the uneven effects that colonial capitalism entailed, the city’s poor were positioned as capitalist development’s future beneficiaries.
Cell Phone Use and Happiness Among Chinese Older Adults: Does Rural/Urban Residence Status Matter?
Authors: Chai Xiangnan , Kalyal Hina
Published: August 2018

This study explores the relationship between cell phone use and self-reported happiness among older adults in Mainland China and whether rural/urban residence status moderates this relationship. The analysis is based on a sample of 6,952 respondents over the age of 60, from the 2010 wave of China Family Panel Studies. Findings show that using own cell phone is positively associated with self-reported happiness among Chinese older adults (odds ratio [ OR] = 1.283, p < .001). This relationship remains for respondents residing in rural areas ( OR = 1.616, p < .01) but not for their urban counterparts. Findings reflect on how the happiness of Chinese older adults has been affected by a growing shift in the traditional family values due to the unprecedented economic growth. Results also highlight the disparities between state support for older adults in rural and urban areas as well as the necessity to develop relevant policies to improve the subjective well-being of China’s rapidly growing population of older adults.
Limited benefit of slow rewarming after cerebral hypothermia for global cerebral ischemia in near-term fetal sheep
Authors: Davidson Joanne O , Wassink Guido , Draghi Vittoria , Dhillon Simerdeep K , Bennet Laura , Gunn Alistair J
Published: August 2018

The optimal rate of rewarming after therapeutic hypothermia for neonatal hypoxic–ischemic encephalopathy is unknown, although it is widely suggested that slow rewarming is beneficial. Some preclinical studies suggest better outcomes with slower rewarming, but did not control for the duration of hypothermia. In this study, near-term fetal sheep (0.85 gestation) received 30 min cerebral ischemia followed by normothermia, 48 h hypothermia with rapid rewarming over 1 h, 48-h hypothermia with slow rewarming over 24 h, or 72-h hypothermia with rapid rewarming. Slow rewarming after 48 h of hypothermia improved recovery of EEG power compared with rapid rewarming ( p < 0.05), but was not different from rapid rewarming after 72 h of hypothermia. At seven days recovery, neuronal survival was partially improved by both fast and slow rewarming after 48-h hypothermia, but less than 72-h hypothermia in the cortex and CA4 ( p < 0.05). In conclusion, although electrographic recovery was partially improved by slow rewarming over 24 h following cerebral hypothermia for 48 h, optimal neuroprotection was seen with hypothermia for 72 h with rapid rewarming, suggesting that the overall duration of cooling was the critical determinant of outcomes after therapeutic hypothermia.
Effects of traumatic brain injury on sleep and enlarged perivascular spaces
Authors: Opel Ryan A , Christy Alison , Boespflug Erin L , Weymann Kristianna B , Case Brendan , Pollock Jeffery M , Silbert Lisa C , Lim Miranda M
Published: August 2018

Clearance of perivascular wastes in the brain may be critical to the pathogenesis of amyloidopathies. Enlarged perivascular spaces (ePVS) on MRI have also been associated with amyloidopathies, suggesting that there may be a mechanistic link between ePVS and impaired clearance. Sleep and traumatic brain injury (TBI) both modulate clearance of amyloid-beta through glymphatic function. Therefore, we sought to evaluate the relationship between sleep, TBI, and ePVS on brain MRI. A retrospective study was performed in individuals with overnight polysomnography and 3T brain MRI consented from a single site ( n = 38). Thirteen of these individuals had a medically confirmed history of TBI. ePVS were visually assessed by blinded experimenters and analyzed in conjunction with sleep metrics and TBI status. Overall, individuals with shorter total sleep time had significantly higher ePVS burden. Furthermore, individuals with TBI showed a stronger relationship between sleep and ePVS compared to the non-TBI group. These results support the hypothesis that ePVS may be modulated by sleep and TBI, and may have implications for the role of the glymphatic system in ePVS.
Geography in motion: Hexagonal spatial systems in fuzzy gravitation
Authors: Banaszak Michał , Dziecielski Michał , Nijkamp Peter , Ratajczak Waldemar
Published: August 2018

The dynamics of spatial hierarchical processes displays fascinating images of the evolution of attraction basins of towns. Assuming in the present paper a random character of such complex processes, gravitational modeling is employed to depict changes in the nature of fuzzy boundaries between attraction basins in a hexagonal world, i.e. the geographical pattern central in the renowned and influential Christaller–Lösch central place theory in geography. The paper presents various interesting stylized maps of such stochastic processes. Our findings demonstrate that the collective behavior of actors in geographic space shows a white noise pattern that mirrors a fuzzy gravitation towards large population concentrations. These results support the validity of the conventional central place theory.
Digital geographies of public art: New global politics
Authors: Zebracki Martin , Luger Jason
Published: August 2018

Responding to geography’s digital and political turns, this article presents an original critical synthesis of the under-examined niche of networked geographies of public-art practices in today’s politicised digital culture. This article advances insights into digital public art as politics, and its role in politicising online public spaces with foci on: how digital technologies have instigated do-it-yourself modes for the co-creation of art content within peer-to-peer contexts; the way art is ‘stretched’ and experienced in/across the digital public sphere; and how user-(co-)created content has become subject to (mis)uses, simultaneously informed by digital ‘artivism’ and a new global politics infused with populism.
Estimation of Shoulder Behavior From the Viewpoint of Minimized Shoulder Joint Load Among Adolescent Baseball Pitchers
Authors: Tanaka Hiroshi , Hayashi Toyohiko , Inui Hiroaki , Muto Tomoyuki , Ninomiya Hiroki , Nakamura Yasuo , Yoshiya Shinichi , Nobuhara Katsuya
Published: August 2018

Background:

During pitching, an overloaded joint reaction force exerted on the shoulder and excessive shoulder horizontal abduction at ball release are considered risk factors causing anterior shoulder pain for young baseball pitchers.

Hypothesis/Purpose:

The first aim was to examine the relationship between shoulder horizontal abduction position and force on the shoulder at ball release. The second was to identify the relative rotational position of the shoulder and the range of shoulder motion at ball release that minimize force on the shoulder. It was hypothesized that the amount of force on the shoulder would be exacerbated by excessive shoulder horizontal abduction.

Study Design:

Descriptive laboratory study.

Methods:

Participants were 183 adolescent baseball pitchers (mean ± SD age, 15.5 ± 1.2 years) without shoulder/elbow problems. Each pitcher threw 5 fastballs to a catcher behind a home plate. The kinematics and kinetics of the throwing shoulder during fastball pitching were calculated with 3-dimensional measurements from 36 reflective markers. In data analysis, the correlations were calculated between the relative rotational positions of the shoulder (abduction, horizontal adduction-abduction) and the forces on the shoulder (anterior-posterior, proximal, and superior-inferior) at ball release. Subsequently, the specific rotational position and range of motion of the shoulder at ball release that minimized forces on the shoulder were determined.

Results:

Statistically significant correlations were identified between the magnitude of superior-inferior force on the shoulder and shoulder abduction position ( R2 = 0.44, P < .001) as well as between the magnitude of anterior-posterior force on the shoulder and shoulder horizontal adduction-abduction position ( R2 = 0.72, P < .001). Minimal anterior-posterior and superior-inferior forces were obtained with a combination of 80.6° of shoulder abduction and 10.7° of shoulder horizontal adduction. Any deviation >5° from this position significantly increased the anterior-posterior and superior-inferior forces on the shoulder.

Conclusion:

Increasing shoulder horizontal abduction position significantly increased the magnitude of anterior force on the shoulder at ball release. The combination of 80.6° of shoulder abduction and 10.7° of horizontal shoulder adduction minimized the shear forces on the shoulder at this point.

Clinical Relevance:

The present data can be useful for screening pitching technique to prevent shoulder pain and injury with motion capture assessment.
Regimes of Realization: Using Marx and Kalecki to Understand the US Economy, including the Great Recession and the “Recovery”
Authors: Brennan David M.
Published: August 2018

By integrating selected Kaleckian and Marxian insights, this paper analyzes the sources of profit realization and the profit rate in the US economy from 1964–2013. The most significant sources of profit realization in the United States are capitalists’ consumption and workers’ debt, which historically have been under appreciated both theoretically and empirically. The insights gleaned by analyzing the sources of profit realization aid in understanding the Great Recession and the future of the US economy.

JEL Classifications: B51, E11
Intimate Partner Homicides in the United States, 2003-2013: A Comparison of Immigrants and Nonimmigrant Victims
Authors: Sabri Bushra , Campbell Jacquelyn C. , Messing Jill T.
Published: August 2018

Intimate partner homicide (IPH) is a significant public health issue that has negative consequences for families and communities. Evidence is needed to support heterogeneity among groups affected by IPHs. This study examined differences in characteristics of male-perpetrated and female-perpetrated killings of native-born and foreign-born residents in the United States. We analyzed 2003-2013 IPH homicide data collected in 19 U.S. states by the National Violence Death Reporting System, Center for Disease Control and Prevention, comparing IPH cases where the victim was U.S.-born versus foreign-born. We examined characteristics associated with male-perpetrated female killings and female-perpetrated male killings. Among the total homicides ( n = 147,092), foreign-born victims were more likely than U.S.-born victims to be associated with intimate-partner-violence-related deaths. Women were the victims in 77.4% of IPHs, with a greater proportion of women victims of IPHs being foreign-born than U.S.-born. Foreign-born women killed by their partners were more likely than U.S.-born women to be young, married, and killed by a young partner who stabbed, strangled, or suffocated them. IPHs policies, prevention, and intervention efforts need collaborative efforts between victim services, mental health, and the legal system to identify and intervene with populations at risk. Culturally specific prevention and intervention strategies are needed to address risks of IPHs among diverse groups based on nativity and race/ethnicity.
Sexual Violence–Related Pregnancy Among Internally Displaced Women in an Internally Displaced Persons Camp in Northeast Nigeria
Authors: Oladeji Olusola , Oladeji Bibilola , Chamla Dick , Safiyanu Garba , Mele Sule , Mshelia Helni , Agbor John
Published: August 2018

Sexual violence is quite common in conflict situations and puts women at risk of unintended pregnancies. In the northeast region of Nigeria with the ongoing insurgency, a substantial number of women are kidnapped and subjected to forced marriages and repeated sexual assaults. This study set out to report on the disclosure and outcomes of sexual violence–related pregnancies (SVRPs) among women liberated from insurgents and relocated to one of largest Internally Displaced Persons (IDP) camps located in Borno State, northeast Nigeria. The clinic records of women with SVRP were reviewed. Forty-seven women with SVRP were identified by the health care providers using a snowball technique to reach as many of the women with SVRP as possible. The mean age of the participants was 15.3 years ( SD = 3.4 years), and all the participants had spent 2 years or more in captivity. Most of the women first disclosed the pregnancy to their peers before disclosure to health care providers or family members. All the women initially requested to have the pregnancy terminated; however, abortion services are not offered in the clinic in line with the country’s restrictive abortion laws. Following counseling and psychosocial support offered in the clinic, 19 (40%) of the women continued with the pregnancy and were delivered in the camp clinic while the remaining 26 women left the camp shortly after disclosure and pregnancy outcomes are not known. SVRP is not uncommon in humanitarian settings with its associated stigma and unwillingness among the survivors to keep the pregnancy. There is a need for further studies to provide more insight into the extent of this problem and help-seeking for SVRPs especially for women in such difficult circumstances to provide needed empirical information to drive advocacy efforts for more comprehensive services.
Neoliberalism Meets Minority Nationalism: The Politics of Hungarian Higher Education in Romania
Authors: Culic Irina
Published: August 2018

A Hungarian public university was one of the main demands of the leaders of Hungarians from Romania after the fall of the communist regime in 1989. Almost three decades later, higher education in Hungarian has developed into a precarious, fragmented, and divided institutional assemblage, solidified around two main components, the Hungarian line of study at the well-established public Babeș-Bolyai University and the new private university Sapientia, reliant on the Hungarian government’s financial support. The article investigates how Hungarians from Romania, whose persistent ethnic politics brought them extensive recognition, and who were successful in creating a Hungarian parallel society, failed to converge in achieving one of their most important goals. By unpacking this case of intra-ethnic unmixing, it shows how institutional arrangements affect the stakes and means of the struggle for minority rights, and how structural asymmetry in numbers and power carries disadvantage into the life of institutions.
A Review of Media Addiction Research From 1991 to 2016
Authors: Leung Louis , Chen Cheng
Published: August 2018

In this review study, a descriptive analysis was conducted of the media addiction research published from 1991 to 2016. The search of all academic output published in 13 major scientific and academic databases in 256 journals within the 26-year period yielded 1,099 Social Sciences Citation Index/Science Citation Index (SSCI/SCI) articles that were relevant to this study. The review was focused on the trends, developmental periods, study domains, themes, research methods, measurement instruments, and research purposes in the field of media addiction. The results show that most previous media addiction research in the study period were conducted from the perspectives of compulsivity and impairment. As a psychiatric disorder and a complex biopsychosocial phenomenon, the findings suggest that future media addiction research should go beyond the predominant perspectives in the prevalence, causes, and consequences of media addiction (59.7%) and extend into the effectiveness of prevention and treatment (only 3.96%) provided in both clinical and nonclinical settings. The review also shows that of the 974 studies using quantitative or mixed methods to examine media addiction, over 30% used Young’s Internet Addiction Test and Diagnostic Questionnaire as the two frequently used measurement scales, which means that they were adopted by at least 20 studies in the study period. Furthermore, over 77% of the media addiction studies employed survey and experiment methods. The implications of these findings for future media addiction research and the limitations of the study are discussed.
Understanding Interconnectedness From the Military Nurse Perspective
Authors: Embrey Katrina , Gilbert Catherine , Taggart Helen M.
Published: August 2018

Background: Nurses who serve in the military have a unique perspective on nursing and health care delivery that nurtures wholeness and inspires peace and healing on a global scale. Purpose: The purpose of this study was to explore health promotion and healing from the military nurse perspective. Design: Video-recorded interviews were conducted with 10 military nurses who represented various branches and times of service. Participants were asked to share their experiences as military nurses and discuss the challenges and rewards. Findings: Thematic analysis of the recorded interviews revealed two major themes: interconnectedness and human potential. Conclusion: This study showed that military nurses have unique experiences that influenced their way of promoting health and healing. Interconnectedness with family (personal and military) had many positive and negative factors. Interconnectedness with the health care team was more prominent for the nurses during military service than in the civilian arena. Global interconnectedness included working with teams from around the world, helping children of detainees see that Americans were not evil, and caring for international communities. Military service strengthened the three human qualities of mind, body, and spirit, which resulted in increasing each military nurse’s human potential by enabling them to serve as instruments of healing on a global scale.
Laminar–turbulent transition reversal on blunt ogive body of revolution at hypersonic speeds
Authors: Vaganov A , Noev A , Radchenko V , Skuratov A , Shustov A
Published: August 2018

The influence of flow parameters and nose radius on the location of laminar–turbulent transition is investigated. The model is an ogive-conical body of revolution having half angle about 9°. Experiments were conducted in a shock tunnel at Mach number 5. The transition location was diagnosed by the heat transfer rate distribution determined with the aid of luminescent temperature converters. It is shown that transition reversal can occur either (a) in the absence of turbulent wedges or (b) at a constant level of freestream disturbances. Both increasing and decreasing branches of Re∞,t (Re∞,R) dependency were observed at constant nose radius while varying only the unit Reynolds number.
Geomagnetic gradient bionic navigation based on the parallel approaching method
Authors: Jun Zhou , Qiong Wang , Cheng Cheng
Published: August 2018

The priori geomagnetic map, which is difficult to obtain in practice, has a great effect on geomagnetic-aided navigation. In this paper, we propose a geomagnetic gradient bionic navigation method based on parallel approaching without a reference map. From the viewpoint of bionics, an objective function is developed to describe the convergence of geomagnetic navigation. According to the parallel approaching method, the radio equation of geomagnetic variation is proposed, and the heading angle is obtained by the least squares approximation method with geomagnetic gradient data. Simulation results show the proposed approach is able to navigate effectively without a magnetic priori map. Several experiments on different geomagnetic parameters are discussed, and a recommended method of parameter selection is presented. Our approach is also compared with the evolution method, and results in a more smoother and direct navigation path to the destination.
Intersectionality challenges for the co-production of urban services: notes for a theoretical and methodological agenda
Authors: Castán Broto Vanesa , Neves Alves Susana
Published: August 2018

The co-production of urban services, such as water, energy or sanitation, is a vital tool to advance service delivery and to challenge socioeconomic structures that reproduce urban inequalities. This article examines the crossovers between debates on intersectionality and the co-production of urban services. Intersectionality is a critical lens for an engaged critique of the dynamics of exclusion that may challenge service co-production. The paper draws attention to three key insights: 1) the need for an explicit questioning of processes to define vulnerability, particularly when they rely on bounded, fixed identity categories; 2) a recognition of the complex and multiple lived experiences of inequality and marginalization in any given context; and 3) a conceptualization of social identity as constituted through dynamic processes and always open to revision.
Familiar Voices Are More Intelligible, Even if They Are Not Recognized as Familiar
Authors: Holmes Emma , Domingo Ysabel , Johnsrude Ingrid S.
Published: August 2018

We can recognize familiar people by their voices, and familiar talkers are more intelligible than unfamiliar talkers when competing talkers are present. However, whether the acoustic voice characteristics that permit recognition and those that benefit intelligibility are the same or different is unknown. Here, we recruited pairs of participants who had known each other for 6 months or longer and manipulated the acoustic correlates of two voice characteristics (vocal tract length and glottal pulse rate). These had different effects on explicit recognition of and the speech-intelligibility benefit realized from familiar voices. Furthermore, even when explicit recognition of familiar voices was eliminated, they were still more intelligible than unfamiliar voices—demonstrating that familiar voices do not need to be explicitly recognized to benefit intelligibility. Processing familiar-voice information appears therefore to depend on multiple, at least partially independent, systems that are recruited depending on the perceptual goal of the listener.
Adaptive-state feedback control for Lipschitz nonlinear systems in reciprocal-state space: Design and experimental results
Authors: Thabet Assem
Published: August 2018

This article proposes a design of an adaptive control for nonlinear systems which satisfy the Lipschitz condition. The objective is the use of the new reformulation of reciprocal-state space form in adaptive control designs. The presented controller is composed of a state-derivative feedback approach with adaptive gains based on the Lyapunov stability theorem. The first control approach deals with the case of system stabilization. The second is an extension to the tracking problem. High performances are shown through real-time implementation with digital signal processing device (ARDUINO UNO R3 and MEGA 2560).
The reconstruction of past forest dynamics over the last 13,500 years in SW Sweden
Authors: Hannon Gina E , Halsall Karen , Molinari Chiara , Boyle John , Bradshaw Richard HW
Published: August 2018

Evidence for unbroken continuity of tree taxa over the last c. 13,500 years is presented from a biodiversity ‘hotspot’ nature reserve in south-west Sweden. Forest composition, continuity, fire and disturbance events are reconstructed using palaeoecological methods. A lake record reveals that Pinus sylvestris, Betula spp., Salix spp., Populus tremula and Hippophae rhamnoides were the initial trees scattered in a semi-open, steppe environment. This developed into forest with Pinus, Betula, Corylus, Alnus, Ulmus and Populus with evidence for frequent fires. Deciduous trees became more significant as fires became less frequent and Quercus, Fraxinus and Tilia expanded. Fire frequencies increased again in the Bronze Age probably associated with anthropogenic use of the forest, and the first Fagus sylvatica pollen was recorded. Burning continued through the Iron Age, but charcoal is briefly absent for a period often referred to as the ‘Late Iron Age Lull’. The forest re-expanded with successions involving Juniperus, but with an altered composition from the earlier mixed deciduous community, to one dominated by Fagus. This is coincident with the first pollen records for Picea abies. The early Holocene mixed forest with frequent low-intensity fires is potentially associated with the greatest diversity of red-listed insect species. Forest continuity and the fragmented reservoir populations of old deciduous trees in the Fagus-dominated forest today are likely to have been critical in preserving the present-day, species-rich, rare epiphytic flora, wood-inhabiting fungi and invertebrate communities. As many of these forest fragments may become more vulnerable with future climate change, tree diversity with some disturbance may become essential for survival of the endangered saproxylic species.
Damage accrual in systemic lupus erythematosus in Dominicans in New York City and the Dominican Republic
Authors: Geraldino-Pardilla L , Kapoor T , Canto I , Perez-Recio T , Then J , Tineo C , Loyo E , Askanase A
Published: August 2018

Objectives

Hispanics with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) in the United States have more severe disease and damage accrual compared with whites. Data on Hispanics of similar ancestry in geographically different locations is limited but essential in defining genetic and environmental factors for SLE. This study evaluates SLE disease burden in two Dominican communities, Washington Heights in New York City (NYC) and Santiago in the Dominican Republic (DR).

Methods

Disease activity (SLE Disease Activity Index 2000 (SLEDAI-2K)) and damage (Systemic Lupus International Collaborating Clinics/American College of Rheumatology Damage Index (SDI)) were cross-sectionally measured in 76 Dominican SLE patients from the Columbia University Lupus Cohort in NYC and compared with 75 Dominican SLE patients living in Santiago in the DR.

Results

Mean (±SD) age was 40 (±14) and 36 (±11) years for NYC and DR patients, respectively. Median disease duration was 8 years. Disease activity was mild in both groups (SLEDAI-2K of 3 in NYC versus 4 in the DR). NYC Dominicans had more discoid lesions, positive anti-dsDNA, and anti-SSB antibodies. Dominicans in the DR used more corticosteroids, had less medical insurance, lower educational level, and were more likely to be unemployed, whereas more Dominicans in NYC smoked. NYC patients had a higher SDI compared with SLE patients in the DR (0.96 versus 0.24, p < 0.0001). Statistical significance was maintained in adjusted analysis (1.26 versus 0.57, p < 0.0001).

Conclusion

SLE Dominican patients in NYC had a higher SDI than those in the DR. Longitudinal studies are needed to ascertain whether this difference is due to biological, environmental factors, immigration patterns or a survival bias.
Voluntary Social Welfare Agencies: Trends, Issues, and Prospects
Authors: Stern Leonard W. , Gibelman Margaret
Published: August 2018

Voluntary social welfare agencies both influence and are influenced by the environment in which they function. The authors explore contemporary factors that affect voluntary agencies, including changing demographics and service needs, alterations in the level and type of government support, emphasis on volunteerism and private-sector involvement, and new or modified laws regarding charitable giving and tax-exempt status. The range of agency adaptations to these external influences are examined. Efforts to forge closer partnerships between voluntary agencies and the corporate world and to apply business concepts to planning, managing, fund raising, and marketing have met with some success. The future viability of these agencies depends largely on successful interorganizational relationships, increased and sustained advocacy, the exercise of political influence, and improved communication and public relations.
Change and Continuity in Family Service
Authors: Rice Robert M.
Published: August 2018

Throughout the history of the family service movement, family service agencies have had to adapt to significant changes in society and the family. The program, funding, training, and administrative challenges facing family service agencies today should be considered part of the tradition of the movement. The historical responses of the movement to these challenges are juxtaposed with current challenges, demonstrating that family service is a flexible and informed movement capable of dealing with important social issues today.
Interactions Between Indigenous Women Awaiting Childbirth Away From Home and Their Southern, Non-Indigenous Health Care Providers
Authors: Vang Zoua M. , Gagnon Robert , Lee Tanya , Jimenez Vania , Navickas Arian , Pelletier Jeannie , Shenker Hannah
Published: August 2018

We examine patient–provider interactions for Indigenous childbirth evacuees. Our analysis draws on in-depth interviews with 25 Inuit and First Nations women with medically high-risk pregnancies who were transferred or medevacked from northern Quebec to receive maternity care at a tertiary hospital in a southern city in the province. We supplemented the patient data with interviews from eight health care providers. Three themes related to patient–provider interactions are discussed: evacuation-related stress, hospital bureaucracy, and stereotypes. Findings show that the quality of the patient–provider interaction is contingent on individual health care providers’ ability to connect with Indigenous patients and overcome cultural and institutional barriers to communication and trust-building. The findings point to the need for further training of medical professionals in the delivery of culturally safe care and addressing bureaucratic constraints in the health care system to improve patient–provider communication and overall relationship quality.
Approaches to Direct Oral Anticoagulant Selection in Practice
Authors: Paravattil Bridget , Elewa Hazem
Published: August 2018

Direct oral anticoagulants (DOACs) carry many advantages over warfarin and are now considered first line or an alternative for mnay thromboembolic disorders. With the emergence of 5 DOAC agents to the market as well as the accumulating evidence gathered from head-to-head comparisons between the agents, we attempt to provide direction for clinicians when selecting the most appropriate DOAC agent. Important aspects such as efficacy, safety, cost effectiveness, approved indications, and other drug-related factors will be addressed to highlight the major similarities and diversities among the DOACs. When considering the safety profile of DOACs, evidence points toward apixaban as the safest followed by dabigatran and then rivaroxaban. On the other hand, dabigatran currently has the only approved antidote, idarucizumab. According to the approved DOAC indications, rivaroxaban may be favorable in European countries given its additional indication for secondary prevention of myocardial infarction. Following rivaroxaban, dabigatran and apixaban have the largest number of approved indications and lastly comes edoxaban and then betrixaban. For patients with renal impairment, betrixaban is the safest option, followed by apixaban and edoxaban, then rivaroxaban and lastly dabigatran. When considering DOAC dosing, rivaroxaban, edoxaban, and betrixaban are mainly dosed once daily compared to dabigatran and apixaban, which are dosed twice daily. However, rivaroxaban and betrixaban must be administered with food, which adds another level of complexity to the DOAC dosing. Lastly, taking into consideration drug interactions, dabigatran, edoxaban, and betrixaban have the least amount of interactions compared to apixaban and rivaroxaban. Each DOAC has its own set of features that makes it better suited than others based on the exact clinical situation. Therefore, no conclusion can be drawn to the most superior DOAC based on the aspects discussed in this review.
Management and Anesthetic Considerations for Patients With Anomalous Aortic Origin of a Coronary Artery
Authors: Kloesel Benjamin , Richtsfeld Martina , Konia Mojca , Bass John L.
Published: August 2018

The term “coronary artery anomalies” encompasses a large and heterogeneous group of disorders that may affect origin, intrinsic anatomy, course, location, and termination of the coronary arteries. With these different anatomies, presentation, symptoms, and outcomes are heterogeneous as well. While significant efforts are directed toward improving diagnosis and risk-stratification, best evidence-guided practices remain in evolution. Data about anesthetic management of patients with coronary anomalies are lacking as well. This review aims to provide the anesthesiologist with a better understanding of an important subgroup of coronary artery anomalies: anomalous aortic origin of a coronary artery. We will discuss classification, pathophysiology, incidence, evaluation, management, and anesthetic implications of this potentially fatal disease group.
Performance and energy analysis of OpenMP runtime systems with dense linear algebra algorithms
Authors: Ferreira Lima João Vicente , Raïs Issam , Lefèvre Laurent , Gautier Thierry
Published: August 2018

In this article, we analyze performance and energy consumption of five OpenMP runtime systems over a non-uniform memory access (NUMA) platform. We also selected three CPU-level optimizations or techniques to evaluate their impact on the runtime systems: processors features Turbo Boost and C-States, and CPU Dynamic Voltage and Frequency Scaling through Linux CPUFreq governors. We present an experimental study to characterize OpenMP runtime systems on the three main kernels in dense linear algebra algorithms (Cholesky, LU, and QR) in terms of performance and energy consumption. Our experimental results suggest that OpenMP runtime systems can be considered as a new energy leverage, and Turbo Boost, as well as C-States, impacted significantly performance and energy. CPUFreq governors had more impact with Turbo Boost disabled, since both optimizations reduced performance due to CPU thermal limits. An LU factorization with concurrent-write extension from libKOMP achieved up to 63% of performance gain and 29% of energy decrease over original PLASMA algorithm using GNU C compiler (GCC) libGOMP runtime.
Scale and manufacturing effects on tensile strength of marine grade sandwich composite panel joints
Authors: Tomlinson Scott M , Lopez-Anido Roberto A
Published: August 2018

In this article, scale and manufacturing effects on the tensile strength of marine grade sandwich composite panels and joints are investigated to aid in the fabrication of large modular ship hulls. This is done by researching transverse sandwich composite joint design, experimental tension methods, and scale and manufacturing effects on tensile strength. Three scales are utilized in this investigation of tension characteristics: coupon scale, table-top single panel fabrication scale, and in position mock-up full-size fabrication scale. First, material properties are gathered through industry standard coupon scale fabrication and testing. Next, a single-infusion baseline panel along with two ship hull transverse joint designs are chosen, fabricated, tested, and compared at single panel scale. These tests include individually fabricated hull panels, as well as secondary structural stiffener sandwich composite web panels, and stiffener flange components. The highest performing joint design is then utilized in a mock-up full-size fabrication scale structure. This structure includes both a transverse hull joint, as well as joints in the secondary structural stiffener web and flange. This mock-up fabrication scale component was then cut apart and tested in tension. The novel sandwich composite panel joint tension experimentation methods used indicate the methods studied are reliable for determination of characteristic tensile properties, and that the joints selected are effective. Investigations concerning scale effects comparing baseline fiber failure mode tension results from the coupon scale to the single panel scale, and manufacturing effects comparing joint interlaminar shear failure mode from the single panel scale to the mock-up fabrication scale, show decreased ultimate tensile strength with increased overall part size and manufacturing complexity. These factors, applied to a reference strength to achieve a nominal strength, were found to range from 0.796 to 0.846.
Short-Term Outcomes of Treatment of Hip Osteoarthritis With 4 Bone Marrow Concentrate Injections: A Case Series
Authors: Darrow Marc , Shaw Brent , Darrow Brittany , Wisz Stevie
Published: August 2018

The use of mesenchymal stem cells from bone marrow concentrate (BMC) has become an increasingly popular option as an alternative to total joint replacement. Although there is evidence to support the use of BMC injections to improve quality of life for patients with knee osteoarthritis (OA), there is limited evidence to support its use in patients with hip OA. This case series provides the short-term outcomes of 4 hip OA patients who each underwent 4 BMC injections. On average, the last follow-up was administered 3.5 months after the first injection. The results show that patients experienced decreased resting and active pain compared with baseline and mean 72.4% total overall improvement. Patients also reported less difficulty in performing daily activities following the procedure. These encouraging results warrant further research to better understand the effects of BMC injections on hip OA.
Flanking transmission of airborne sound involving wooden and stone elements in historical buildings
Authors: Rodrigues Rui Calejo , Queirós Dóris , Caetano Elsa
Published: August 2018

Historical old buildings bring together a whole set of unique characteristics with substantial influence on the acoustic behaviour, especially concerning the junctions between light and heavy elements, as is the case with wooden floors and stone masonry walls. The lack of information about the acoustic characteristics of wooden structures leads to the use of theoretical prediction methods, which do not accurately represent real conditions. The wooden floor’s complex design hampers the study of its acoustical behaviour. This difficulty becomes greater when the analysis targets the structural systems instead of the single elements. Consequently, the need of a deeper knowledge about the characteristics which influence the acoustic behaviour of these junctions leads to the research on the acoustic component associated with the flanking transmission paths of airborne sound – vibration reduction index ( Kij). Structural reverberation times ( Ts) for both elements were acquired in order to feature the in situ real condition. ISO 10848-1 standard procedure was followed for both measurements. In situ flanking transmission measurements between wooden structural floors and stone masonry walls will allow their comparison with theoretical prediction methods, as defined by the EN 12354-1 standard method. Results show a great deviation between in situ measurements of the vibration reduction index ( Kij) and the obtained results for the same index through theoretical models.
Wind turbines noise measurements inside homes
Authors: Iannace Gino
Published: August 2018

The rapid expansion of energy produced by wind power has increased the interest in the possible harmful effects on the health of the residents in the areas near to wind farms. It is therefore important to understand how to reduce these effects. This article analyses the results of noise measurements carried out in homes located near a wind farm in Southern Italy. Two sound level metres for the contemporary acquisitions of noise levels were used, placed in two different homes: three wind towers were visible from one measurement point, while only one wind tower could be seen from the other point. The acoustic measurements were performed under different weather conditions as well as with different wind speeds and directions. The same conditions were measured when the system was on and off. The measured sound levels were then compared so as to establish the wind velocity ranges where the part of noise generated by the rotating of the blades (ambient noise) prevails as well as the wind velocity ranges where the wind noise (background noise) prevails. The analysis of the data shows how for low wind speeds, the noise generated by the rotating of the blades is considered an annoyance by the people who live near the farm. While for greater wind speeds, the noise generated by the rotation of the blades is covered by the noise of the wind, with it therefore not being perceived.
Reflections on After Victory
Authors: Ikenberry G. John
Published: August 2018

After Victory appeared in the spring of 2001, in what now seems like a different era. The book looks at the great postwar moments – 1815, 1919, 1945, and the end of the Cold War – when the ‘old order’ is swept away and newly powerful states shape a ‘new order’. In this essay, I offer reflections on After Victory’s arguments about the character and evolution of international order in the modern era, American hegemonic order in the 20th century, and the logic of institutions and strategic restraint. I explore the theoretical debates that it engaged and triggered. The essay looks at how the book’s arguments stand up to the face of more recent developments – the Bush administration’s Iraq War, the rise of China, the American ‘empire debate’, and the Trump administration’s radical assault on the post-1945 liberal international order.
Modelling energy use in residential buildings: How design decisions influence final energy performance in various Chilean climates
Authors: Simon François , Ordoñez Javier , Girard Aymeric , Parrado Cristobal
Published: August 2018

To reduce the energy consumption in buildings, there is a demand for tools that identify significant parameters of energy performance. The work presents the development and validation of a simulation model, called MEEDI, and graphical figures for the parametric sensitivity investigation of energy performance in different climates in Chile. The MEEDI is based on the ISO 13790 monthly calculation method of building energy use with two improved procedures for the calculation of the heat transfer through the floor and the solar heat gains. The graphical figures illustrate the effects of climate conditions, envelope components and window size and orientation on the energy consumption. The MEEDI program can contribute to find the best solution to increase energy efficiency in residential buildings. It can be adapted for various parameters, making it useful for future projects. The economic viability of specific measures for building envelope materials was analysed. Payback periods range from 5 to 27 years depending on the location and energy scenario. The study illustrates how building design decisions can have a significant impact on final energy performance. With simple envelope components modification, valuable energy gains and carbon emission reductions can be achieved in a cost-effective manner in Chile.