bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Aplicación de las técnicas de evaluación de los aprendizajes en la carrera en Ingeniería en Telecomunicaciones durante la pandemia COVID-19
Authors: Santamaría Sandoval José Roberto , Chanto Sánchez Esteban , Solano Alfaro Alfredo
Published: July 2023

Con la pandemia COVID-19, la mayoría de las carreras de la UNED tuvieron que hacer un giro hacia la virtualidad, siguiendo el modelo de educación a distancia. La carrera de Licenciatura en Ingeniería en Telecomunicaciones, desde su apertura en el año 2016 inicia con la modalidad 100% virtual haciendo uso de diversas herramientas y técnicas de evaluación, entre ellas: plataforma de laboratorios virtuales, sistema de gestión educativa UNED, equipos remotos de experimentación y modelo de evaluación basado en el aprender a aprender. Además, con la pandemia se vino a reforzar el área administrativa del programa, ya que se habilita la atención y seguimiento virtual a las personas interesadas a ingresar al programa brindando asesorías personalizadas. Durante este período de la pandemia la carrera logró consolidar su modelo de evaluación que incluye actividades como: foros académicos, tareas e investigaciones cortas, actividades lúdicas, laboratorios virtuales y remotos, entre otras. Por lo tanto, esta ponencia busca demostrar cómo se aplicaron las técnicas de evaluación en la carrera durante la pandemia. Para esto, se realiza un recuento de resultados de herramientas que se aplicaron durante el período a los estudiantes para valorar el modelo de enseñanza, revisión de orientaciones académicas, entornos y acuerdos del programa. El resultado principal es la valoración positiva que hacen estudiantes del modelo de enseñanza de la carrera, cantidad de actividades evaluativas por cada asignatura, el modelo de evaluación no basado solo en pruebas y la pertinencia del aprender a aprender. Por lo anterior, se demuestra que con la pandemia la carrera logró consolidarse y la experiencia acumulada le permitió evitar atrasos en los procesos educativos estudiantiles en el período crítico de la pandemia.
Evaluación de los aprendizajes en las asignaturas de las cátedras del Programa de Enseñanza de la Matemática y cátedra de Ciencias Químicas, 2020-2022
Authors: Rojas Mora Eugenio , Rojas Quesada Estibaliz , Villalobos González Wendy , Ramírez Oviedo Luis Fernando , Salas Vargas Alejandro Alonso , Chaves Villalobos Emmanuel
Published: July 2023

Las cátedras del Programa de Enseñanza de la Matemática y la cátedra de Ciencias Químicas experimentaron una transformación en su modelo educativo a partir del primer cuatrimestre del 2020 debido a la pandemia. Estos cambios afectaron la mediación pedagógica y la evaluación de los aprendizajes, lo que llevó a un papel central de los apoyos virtuales y los materiales digitales. En general, estas acciones fueron bien valoradas por los estudiantes, quienes reconocieron los esfuerzos de las cátedras en los foros de las asignaturas. Sin embargo, la evaluación de los aprendizajes presentó desafíos al trasladar los instrumentos del formato físico al formato digital mientras se mantenía la confiabilidad y validez. La digitalización también condujo a problemas de plagio y fraude académico, que en algunos casos fueron tratados por las autoridades académicas. Ante esta situación, se diversificaron los instrumentos de evaluación, incorporando métodos auténticos además de los tradicionales. De esta manera, el propósito es presentar los ajustes realizados en los modelos de evaluación de los aprendizajes en las asignaturas, así como compartir la experiencia en las pruebas escritas virtuales. Se busca valorar los aspectos positivos y aprovecharlos, pero también exponer las dificultades y riesgos asociados con la evaluación virtual, especialmente en términos de calidad educativa.
Uso remoto de los equipos del Laboratorio de Automatización de Procesos Industriales (LAPI) durante el periodo de la pandemia del Covid-19, 2020
Authors: Díaz Jiménez Heylin , Quesada Bermúdez Marcos Vinicio
Published: July 2023

En las actividades evaluativas y proyectos planteados para las asignaturas de la cátedra de Gestión de Calidad, se evalúa la aplicación práctica del contenido, por medio del planteamiento de la resolución de problemas en el Laboratorio de Automatización de Procesos Industriales (LAPI), en este espacio, el estudiante discrimina de los diferentes datos y toma los que son relevantes para dar una solución, así mismo, ejecuta directamente las mediciones que le permiten la toma de decisiones. Estas actividades, de suma relevancia para la formación de la persona futura ingeniera industrial, se realizan de manera presencial en el LAPI. Sin embargo, se presentó el inconveniente que por motivos de la pandemia provocada por el Covid-19, las personas estudiantes y tutores no podían asistir presencialmente a las instalaciones del LAPI. Lo que imposibilitaba la evaluación de criterios previamente planteados y relevantes para la formación profesional. Por esta razón, se buscan opciones que permitan realizar prácticas en el LAPI sin que se deba ir presencialmente, para lo que se plantea la utilización de los equipos del laboratorio accediendo remotamente. Tomando en consideración que las asignaturas del I semestre del año 2020 ya estaban en curso, se decide utilizar los recursos propios de la universidad y complementarlos con software libres o gratuitos, para plantear una solución que permitiera cumplir con el objetivo de tener acceso de forma remota a los equipos del LAPI. De este modo, se logra poner en funcionamiento la propuesta, por medio de herramientas tecnológicas y la generación de instrucciones, propiciando el desarrollo de los objetivos de aprendizaje planteados en cada asignatura. Estas herramientas tecnológicas y procedimientos, lograron darle acceso al estudiantado para que utilicen los equipos desde sus hogares, teniendo la oportunidad de observar en tiempo real el proceso productivo elaborado en las celdas de manufactura instaladas en el LAPI. Este estudio tuvo como objetivo sistematizar la implementación del uso remoto de los equipos del LAPI para la realización de prácticas de laboratorio y la evaluación de los criterios planteados en las asignaturas de cátedra Gestión de Calidad durante el año 2020
Acciones de deshonestidad académica detectadas en las asignaturas teóricas de Química de la Universidad Estatal a Distancia durante la educación virtual 2020-2022
Authors: Villalobos González Wendy , Hernández Chaverri Rodolfo A.
Published: July 2023

La Universidad Estatal a Distancia es una universidad pública de educación superior a distancia, donde actividades como la aplicación de las pruebas (exámenes) y tutorías eran presenciales; mientras que la entrega de tareas, el seguimiento a personas estudiantes, entre otras, se llevaban a cabo a través de plataformas virtuales. En el contexto de la Educación Remota de Emergencia (ERE) por la situación sanitaria mundial, se migraron todas las actividades anteriores a la virtualidad. El objetivo de esta experiencia consistió en identificar los tipos de deshonestidad académica más comunes en las asignaturas de Química y los resultados de una encuesta realizada a las personas estudiantes sobre el tema, para la presentación de acciones como medio de mitigación, disminución y reflexión de este fenómeno. La identificación de las actividades de deshonestidad académica se realizó a través de comparación de tareas y pruebas, denuncias por parte de estudiantes o terceros y experiencia docente. Las acciones llevadas a cabo por parte del área de Química consistieron en capacitación docente, modificación de bancos de ítems y diversificación de los tipos de evaluaciones. En ausencia de valores como la ética, la honestidad y el respeto a la propiedad intelectual, es necesario incluirlos como ejes trasversales en las asignaturas y realizar estrategias como campañas de honestidad e inclusión de talleres o asignaturas de ética en la malla curricular de las asignaturas, como medio para prevenir o minimizar estas acciones de deshonestidad académica en profeso de formación
Dual Application of Mesh through Hybrid Technique in Large Incisional Hernia: A Case Report
Authors: Min Sally , Yoo Hyokyung , Kim Jeesun , Kong Seong-Ho , Hong Ki Yong
Published: July 2023

Although single mesh insertion is recommended for simple incisional hernia, there is no established treatment of choice for severe incisional hernia accompanied with large muscular defects. Single mesh insertion cannot provide sufficient mechanical force, and muscle flaps could lead to donor site morbidity while also requiring longer operation times. In this case, dual application of mesh through a hybrid technique could be a good option. A 46-year-old woman with rectus abdominis muscle defect due to previous surgery visited our clinic with abdominal bulging. Abdomen-pelvis computed tomography demonstrated a 6.5×11.5 cm rectus abdominis defect along with small bowel herniation. We decided to reinforce the existing hybrid intraperitoneal onlay mesh technique through additional insertion of suprafascial mesh to prevent recurrence and minimize complications. The patient’s abdominal contour was well preserved postoperatively for 1 year. We believe dual-layer mesh insertion through a hybrid approach could be a better alternative for severe incisional hernia with large muscle defects because of its treatment efficacy, short operation time, simple technical requirements, and absence of donor or flap complications.
Grafting Low-Temperature Micronized Adipose Tissue Niche to Treat Diabetic Foot Ulcers: A Pilot Study
Authors: Yoon In-Jae , Han Seung-Kyu , Namgoong Sik , Son Ji-Won , Kim Jeehee
Published: July 2023

Background: In a previous study, we suggested that micronized adipose tissue (MAT) niche could be an effective and safe treatment for diabetic foot ulcers. Fibrin glue was used to solidify the MAT niches. However, it took 40 to 50 minutes for the MAT niche to be ready for application. We have devised an alternate method in which the MAT niche is created at a low temperature to reduce the solidification time. This pilot study aimed to investigate the possibility and safety of grafting a low-temperature MAT niche for treating diabetic foot ulcers.Methods: Patients with diabetic foot ulcers who were treated with low-temperature MAT or conventional methods between March 2020 and December 2021 were included in this study. We evaluated the efficacy of the treatment by measuring the wound size reduction rate. All adverse events were recorded.Results: The MAT niche treatment group showed a statistically significant wound reduction rate during the entire study period of 4 weeks (P<0.005). The wound reduction rates in the 4th week after the treatment were 75.7%±16.9% in the treatment group and 33.5%±19.0% in the control group (P=0.001). No serious adverse events related to low-temperature MAT niche treatment were observed.Conclusion: This pilot study demonstrated the potential of low-temperature MAT niche as an effective and safe method for the treatment of diabetic foot ulcers.
EDUCAÇÃO E RELIGIOSIDADE: FUNDAMENTOS INTERDISCIPLINARES NA GESTÃO DE CONFLITOS INTERPESSOAIS
Authors: Crepaldi-Souza Jacqueline , Ferreira Soraya Cristina Dias
Published: July 2023

RESUMO: O sentimento religioso corresponde à experiência do sujeito em suas buscas por uma amorosa realização consigo mesmo, com os outros, com a natureza e com o mistério divino. Ao pensarmos no sentido formativo desse humano, interfaces da religiosidade, da psicologia e da pedagogia nos remetem aos deleites e conflitos presentes no desenvolvimento intrapessoal e relacional. Diante desse desafio, o presente artigo se propõe a refletir sobre o humano e sua formação interdisciplinar em busca de competências e habilidades para gestão de conflitos interpessoais. A pesquisa, qualitativa e bibliográfica, tem bases conceituais em: Edith Stein (2002, 2003, 2004, 2005, 2007); Piaget (1977, 1994); Lévinas (2010); La Taille (1999, 2009); entre outros. Conclui-se que educação e religiosidade, em interdisciplinaridade com a Psicologia e com a Pedagogia, podem se unir no desafiador processo de resolver conflitos interpessoais.
A RELIGIÃO COMO EDUCAÇÃO: QUE CAMPO É ESSE?
Authors: Albuquerque Maria Betânia , Sousa Marcio Barradas
Published: July 2023

Neste texto procuramos traçar os contornos do que estamos considerando como um campo de investigação, ainda que em construção, situado na interface entre duas áreas de conhecimento: a educação e a religião. Tem como objetivo refletir sobre os sentidos da educação, de modo a evidenciar as práticas religiosas como instâncias de educação e formação de subjetividades. Metodologicamente, trata-se de uma reflexão de natureza teórico-bibliográfica inspirada em autores como Brandão (2002), Libâneo, (2010), Albuquerque; Buecke (2019), e outros. Para tanto, apresentamos um mapa das produções intelectuais ancoradas tanto no curso de graduação em Ciências da Religião, quanto no Programa de Pós-Graduação em Educação, ambos situados na Universidade do Estado do *Pará (UEPA), instituição que tem se destacado no fomento a esse universo investigativo. Dentre as considerações, apontamos a educação não escolar como um conjunto de processos formativos, fincados na cultura, que atuam na tradução da realidade concreta, ocupando diferentes espaços, temporalidades e intensões por meio das quais diferentes agentes, humanos ou não, reinventam a educabilidade.
APRESENTAÇÃO - Dossiê Educação e Religiosidade
Authors: Araujo Zamara
Published: July 2023

Apresentação do n. 29 (Jan./Jun. 2023), Dossiê Educação e Religiosidade, e artigos do fluxo contínuo.
Peningkatan Populasi Ternak Sapi Potong Melalui Aplikasi Inseminasi Buatan di Kabupaten Sigi
Authors: Marwa Marwa , Mirajudin Mirajudin , Abdullah Sirajuddin
Published: July 2023

This research is a descriptive quantitative study aims to know artificial insemination success rates in population increases cattle district of Kinovaru, Biromaru, dan Marawola, Sigi district of Sulawesi Province the middle. The research has been conducted since Maret- December, 2019. The Variables observed are S/C, CR, and CvR these studies use descriptive and regression analysis at a 95% trust level to identify the relationship between the variable of regression equations. The result showed that the average value of S/C was 1.42, value of C/R was 56.7%, dan CvR was 51%. Regression Analysis showed variable affected in increase the population by Artificial Insemination (IB) is Service per Conception (S/C) dan Conception Rate (CR). And didn’t affect variable towards the increasing population of IB is Calving Rate (CvR), with R Square Value 60%.
Kajian Konsentrasi Logam Merkuri (Hg) Pada Tanah Dan Serapan Tanaman Pangan Di Sekitar Kelurahan Poboya
Authors: Caco Caco , Darman Saiful , Isrun Isrun
Published: July 2023

Food crops are agricultural products consumed to support our daily lives. Food plants are also a source of vitamins and minerals needed by our bodies and directly play a role in improving health. Therefore, the hygiene and safety of the food we consume is very important, not to cause health problems. Soil is an importantfactor in agriculture, as a medium to grow plants and is also a part of the cycle of heavy metals. The gold mining business is often seen as the cause of environmental damage and pollution. This research was conducted at food and secondary crops farms around Poboya, where soil and plant analysis was carried out at the Laboratory of Natural Resources and Environment, Faculty of Agriculture, Tadulako University, Palu. The research was conducted from September to November 2020.  The method used was survey with field observations and laboratory analysis, gradually done through pre-survey, main survey (sampling) and laboratory analysis with tactical sampling. The results showed that mercury (Hg) concentration in the sample point 1 was 0.48 - 0.52 ppm, sample point 2 was 0.62 - 0.63 ppm, sample point 3 was 0.30 - 0.35 ppm and sample point 4 is 0.25 - 0.26 ppm. While the concentration of mercury (Hg) in food crops, namely: sample point 1 is 0.31 - 0.33 ppm, sample point 2 is 0.45 - 0.48 ppm, sample point 3 is between 0.20 - 0.24 ppm and sample point 4 around 0.09 - 0.10 ppm. This shows that the content of heavy metal mercury (Hg) in the soil around Poboya has passed the tolerable threshold. Meanwhile, the concentration of mercury (Hg) in food crops at points 1 and 2 passed the critical threshold, while sample points 3 and 4 were still below the critical threshold. The farther the distance from the processing site, the less mercury content in the soil and in food crops.
Delay-Adaptive Control of First-order Hyperbolic PIDEs
Authors: Qi Jie , Wang Shanshan , Krstic Miroslav
Published: July 2023

We develop a delay-adaptive controller for a class of first-order
hyperbolic partial integro-differential equations (PIDEs) with an
unknown input delay. By employing a transport PDE to represent delayed
actuator states, the system is transformed into a transport partial
differential equation (PDE) with unknown propagation speed cascaded with
a PIDE. A parameter update law is designed using a Lyapunov argument and
the infinite-dimensional backstepping technique to establish global
stability results. Furthermore, the well-posedness of the closed-loop
system is analyzed. Finally, the effectiveness of the proposed method
was validated through numerical simulations.
A highly efficient n-CdS/p-Ag2S/p+-SnS thin film solar cell: design and performance
Authors: Ahmed Tanvir , Islam Md. Choyon , Pappu Md. Alamin Hossain , Mostaque Shaikh Khaled , Mondal Bipanko Kumar , Hossain Jaker
Published: July 2023

Silver sulfide (Ag2S) could be a viable chalcogenide absorber layer in
the applications of thin film solar cells due to its optimum band gap of
1.1 eV and high absorption coefficient. Here, we propose a novel
Ag2S-based double-heterojunction n-CdS/p-Ag2S/p+-SnS solar cell
structure. The numerical analysis has been performed with SCAPS-1D
(Solar Cell Capacitance Simulator). In the case of single
heterojunction, n-CdS/p-Ag2S manifests the efficiency of 19.75% where
the VOC= 0.66 V, the JSC=36.99 mA/cm2, FF=81.50%. However, Ag2S-based
double-heterojunction with optimized structure provides efficiency of
29.51% wherein VOC = 0.81 V, JSC = 42.81 mA/cm2 and FF = 85.24%. The
noteworthy augmentation of VOC and JSC in double heterojunction results
from the reduction in surface recombination velocity and rise in
built-in voltage in the p-Ag2S/p+-SnS heterostructure.
Publication trends of research on intracardiac echocardiography from 2000 to 2022: A bibliometric analysis
Authors: Zhang Limin , Su Mengwei , Wang Zhenguo , Shi Peilin , Wang Zhongqing
Published: July 2023

Background: Intracardiac echocardiography (ICE) has been widely
used in clinical and has achieved significant effects in helping control
the burden of cardiovascular diseases. This study aims to conduct a
bibliometric analysis of publications related to ICE and provide
reference and guidance for researchers to conduct in-depth research and
future topic selection in this field. Methods: In the study, a
systematic search of the published research on ICE spanning the years
2000 through 2022 was carried out by us using the Science Citation Index
Expanded (SCIE) and the Social Science Citation Index (SSCI) of the Web
of Science. We employed various software such as VOSviewer, CiteSpace,
and Bibliometrix Package to analyze publication distribution, annual
trends, keyword co-occurrence, and collaboration between researchers,
nations, and institutions. Results: We manually screened 1021
publications. Notwithstanding the annual number of ICE-related
publications’ slight fluctuations over the previous two decades, yearly
publications have increased from 8 in 2000 to 47 in 2022. The United
States accounted for the most significant proportion of all publications
(547) and total citations (16,017). Mayo Clinic is the most active
institution, Natale Andrea is the leading scholar, and the Journal of
Cardiovascular Electrophysiology published the most publications in this
area. “Radiofrequency ablation” was the greatest commonly occurrences
keyword. Conclusions: In the past few years, the quantity of
publications related to ICE has significantly increased. Future research
in ICE will focus on the diagnosis, evaluation, and treatment of
structural cardiac disease and cardiomyopathy.
Balancing Exploration and Exploitation? The Impact of Cost and Inhibitory Control on Information Gathering in Early Childhood
Authors: Iwasaki Shoko , Moriguchi Yusuke , Sekiyama Kaoru
Published: July 2023

This study investigated the relationship between executive function
development and cost-related information-gathering behaviour in early
childhood. Fifty-six children aged 4-6 years completed an information
gathering task, a black-and-white inhibitory task to measure inhibitory
control measurement, and a backward word span task to assess working
memory. In the information gathering task, children participated in
non-cost and cost conditions, where they could freely gather information
or incur a cost of one sticker per piece of information. Results showed
that children with higher inhibitory control gathered less information
when a cost was involved. This suggests that inhibitory control plays a
crucial role in shaping information-seeking behaviour in the presence of
explicit costs. These findings highlight the importance of executive
function development in understanding how children consider costs in
their decision-making processes.
Frontal Sinus Balloon Sinuplasty Trends
Authors: Lofgren Daniel Holt , Knight Brandon Brian , Shermetaro Carl Bernard
Published: July 2023

Background: Balloon sinuplasty (BSP) is a common treatment
modality used in the management of chronic rhinosinusitis (CRS),
although it’s gained popularity, minimal self-reported data on its
utilization and complications have been reported. The goal of this study
was to describe current practices and complications experienced during
frontal sinus BSP. Methods: An anonymous 20-question online
survey was distributed to members of the American Osteopathic Colleges
of Ophthalmology and Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery from August 1,
2022, to August 30, 2022. Questions were listed as multiple choices or
percentage sliding bars, and data were collected using a commercial
online survey service site. Results were reported as frequencies, means,
and percentages. Results: Forty-two respondents participated in
the survey, with the majority practicing in the following hospital
settings: community (80.95%), hybrid (11.90%), and academic (7.14%).
The southeast had the largest proportion of respondents (30.95%),
versus the midwest (28.57%), southwest (23.81%), northeast (11.90%),
and northwest (4.76%). On average, BSP was performed most commonly in
the hospital setting versus in-office and in surgical centers.
Respondents who used BSP primarily, reported a yearly average of 35.72
cases, a median of 12 cases, and a range of 0-361 cases. Respondents who
used BSP with functional endoscopic sinus surgery (FESS), reported a
yearly average of 48.62 cases, a median of 31 cases, and a range of
0-189 cases. Overall, 15.3% of otolaryngologists reported using
intraoperative (11.72%) or postoperative (3.62%) nasal packing. Early
complications included postoperative headaches (9.86%), acute bacterial
sinusitis (ABRS) (3.52%), and tooth/facial numbness (0.86%). Reported
long-term complications included postoperative synechiae (5.10%),
orbital complications (0.14%), and skull base complications (0.10%). A
previously unreported complication was identified through this study,
accidental sphenopalatine fossa dilation. Conclusions: This
study contributes to the growing body of literature on frontal sinus BSP
by characterizing utilization and complications from a large
otolaryngologic academy.
The effect of anxiety levels on attentional networks in high-altitude migrants: the role of sleep quality and haemoglobin concentration
Authors: Zhang Jia , Shi Linyu , Chen Dongmei , Ma Hailin , Li Hao
Published: July 2023

To explore the effect of anxiety levels on attentional networks in high
altitude migrants and to verify the mediating and moderating role of
sleep quality and haemoglobin concentration(HGB). One hundred and forty
high altitude transplants living on the plateau for two years were
selected and anxiety levels were captured by the SCL-90 questionnaire,
behavioural data by the ANT experimental procedure, sleep quality by the
Pittsburgh Sleepiness Index and HGB by means of venous blood sampling.
The results revealed a significant difference between the high and low
anxiety groups in the attentional executive network and no difference in
the alertness and orientation networks; a difference in sleep quality
between the high and normal HGB groups.Sleep quality was fully mediated
between anxiety level and attentional executive network, accounting for
45% of the total effect; sleep quality and HGB were moderated mediation
between anxiety level and attentional executive network (β = 0.19, t =
2.03, p < 0.05), and only for individuals with high HGB did
the sleep quality of individuals with high anxiety levels differ from
that of individuals with low anxiety levels. It was only for individuals
with high HGB that differences existed. It is concluded that as anxiety
levels increase, this affects the sleep quality of high altitude
migrants and thus their attentional network efficiency, and that as HGB
increase, this alleviates the poor sleep quality of high altitude
migrants with increased anxiety levels and thus improves their
attentional network efficiency.
Microplastics in water, sediments and macroinvertebrates in a small river of NW Spain
Authors: Álvarez-Troncoso Romina , Gutiérrez David , Villar Iria , Ehlers Sonja M. , Soto Benedicto , Mato Salustiano , Garrido Josefina
Published: July 2023

Microplastics (MPs; plastic particles < 5 mm in size) are very common nowadays and ubiquitous in the environment and can cause harm to aquatic organisms. Around 300 million metric tonnes of plastic are manufactured each year and they are regularly mismanaged. Therefore, MPs are frequently found in the environment. Anthropogenic activity in urban areas is considered one of the major sources of MPs. In view of this, we hypothesized, that MPs are present in all areas of rivers, even in riverheads. We analyzed macroinvertebrates in an urban river for MPs and discuss their potential environmental impact. We collected water samples from the centre of the river and filtered the water. Additionally, we collected sediment samples from the the bottom (S1 and S2, both samples collected specifically for sediments analysis) and from the benthic sediment (S3, sample collected for macroinvertebrates identification) from which macroinvertebrates were sampled for MP analysis and for taxonomic identification in order to estimate the water quality of the river, following the protocol for calculating the IBMWP (MAGRAMA, 2011). Sampling took place in the Gafos River (NW Spain) during summer 2020 at three different sampling sites at the head of the river called upstream (G1), in the middle part of the river and upstream of a town (G2) and in the downstream area before the river mouth in the Atlantic Ocean (G3). Different microplastic fibres and particles were found in all water samples (G1, G2 and G3) and in some of the sediment samples. Analysis of the different types of microplastics was carried out by Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy in attenuated total reflectance mode (ATR- FTIR). The majority of microplastics in water, sediment and biota consisted of polyvinyl chloride (PVC) and polyethylene terephthalate (PET) and the abundances of MPs were very similar. We found more MP particles in biota and water (35 pieces in each compartment) than in sediments (28). Microplastics were found in the cases of Trichoptera families like Lepidostomatidae and Limnephilidae, and inside the body of some Odonata families such as Gomphidae. This confirms the presence of MPs in aquatic organisms and in habitats of an urban river in Spain. Since MPs have been found in freshwater habitats globally, future studies should analyse which macroinvertebrates could be used as MP bioindicators.
Efectos de dos métodos fermentativos en cacao (Theobroma cacao L.) trinitario, inducido con Rhizobium japonicum para disminuir cadmio
Authors: Vera Chang Jaime Fabián , Benavides Vera Jorge Ismael , Vásquez Cortez Luis Humberto , Alvarado Vásquez Kerly Estefanía , Reyes Pérez Juan José , Intriago Flor Frank Guillermo , Naga Raju Maddela , Castro Triana Víctor Lovani
Published: July 2023

En el mundo se producen 7,5 millones de toneladas de chocolate, y el 64 % se consume como chocolate relleno. En el año 2012, la Unión Europea indico los niveles de cadmio no debían superar los 0,8 mg kg-1 en productos con una base de   pasta de cacao del 70 %. El propósito de esta investigación fue evaluar la efectividad de Rhizobium japonicum en la disminución de cadmio presente en semillas de cacao. Por lo cual, se aplicó tres concentraciones de Rhizobium japonicum 0 ml, 300 ml y 600 ml por cada dos kilos de masa fresca de cacao variedad Trinitario, para la fermentación se aplicó dos métodos por Rohan y hieleras en dos fincas (Los Ríos y Guayas). Se utilizó un diseño completamente al Azar Trifactorial (12 tratamientos y 2 repeticiones), evaluándose 24 semillas en total, las variables de calidad en la semilla evaluadas fueron: pH, temperatura, porcentaje de fermentación, índice de semilla, prueba de testa y cotiledón. El análisis sensorial se determinó mediante un panel de catadores semientrenados, para el análisis de cadmio se realizó con digestión ácido nitro perclórica por espectrometría de ICP OES. Durante la fermentación existió un aumento creciente del pH (3,6 - 4,2), temperatura (27 - 40,2 °C), el índice de semilla presentó el mayor promedio en el T5 (1,65 g), el contenido de cadmio disminuyó en un 79 %, por el método de fermentación en hieleras en la provincia de Los Ríos y un 78 %, por el método de fermentación en cajas Rohan en la provincia del Guayas.
The Transmission of Knowledge
Authors: Pfeifer Helen
Published: July 2023

This chapter explains how salons allowed Arab scholars to pass their cultural and intellectual authority to their Rumi colleagues. Informal gatherings were important vehicles for the transmission of knowledge. By aiding the circulation of books and ideas across the Ottoman imperial domain, salons accelerated Rumis' engagement with Arabic-language intellectual traditions. Some of Badr al-Din al-Ghazzi's closest Rumi contacts in Damascus were its chief judges (qadi al-qudat). These men, who were appointed from Istanbul, represented some of the most powerful figures of the provincial administration. Most of them were also active scholars. As such, many of them took advantage of their time in Damascus to benefit from its intellectual riches; not only did they avidly collect books, many of them even studied with Ghazzi, showing special interest in his knowledge of hadiths, as the narrations about the life, deeds, and words of the Prophet Muhammad were called. Rumi interest in local scholarly traditions culminated in the figure of Kınalızade ʻAli, a chief judge and extraordinary scholar with whom Ghazzi had especially intense exchanges.
An Empire Polarized
Authors: Pfeifer Helen
Published: July 2023

This chapter shows how the Ottoman policy of rotating officials, coupled with Arab efforts to seek support in Istanbul, had created a truly empire-wide network of patronage. Still, just as these relationships were solidifying, other aspects of the relationship between Arabs and Rumis shifted. As the economy slowed and competition for positions skyrocketed, Arabs, like other provincial scholars, found their access to the imperial elite to be increasingly restricted. Younger scholars no longer enjoyed the same independence and admiration that Badr al-Din al-Ghazzi did. Whereas Ghazzi taught Çivizade Mehmed, an Ottoman official from an esteemed Istanbul family, Ghazzi's student Hamawi joined the official's household as a scribe. Broader cultural shifts also led Arabs to lose some of their influence. Ottoman Turkish had gained in importance over the century, as had poetic and literary traditions in that language. Learned Arabs with only a basic knowledge of Turkish increasingly found themselves excluded from the salons in which those traditions were performed. Coupled with the increasing mastery of Arabic letters by Rumi elites, the visibility that Arabs in Ghazzi's generation had enjoyed began to fade.
Introduction
Authors: Sagar Paul
Published: July 2023

This chapter explores the Das Adam Smith Problem, which had been central to understanding the works of Adam Smith. It acknowledges the crude popular caricature of Smith as an advocate of narrow self-interest. Das Adam Smith Problem may be understood as a more fundamental concern about the ethical status of societies that rely extensively on markets tout court. The chapter notes the crudest version of Das Adam Smith Problem posited the fundamental incompatibility of Adam Smith's The Theory of Moral Sentiments and The Wealth of Nations. Additionally, Adam Smith Reconsidered aims to challenge the Das Adam Smith Problem with the argument that Smith did not operate from the basic assumption that societies rely heavily on markets are presumptively normatively problematic and must be either criticised on ethical grounds.
Proxies for Economic Performance in the Roman Empire
Authors: Saller Richard P.
Published: July 2023

This chapter shows that the hopes that the precision of the hard sciences—whether archaeological, biological, or environmental—will provide solid proxies for datable trends in Roman economic performance have been continually frustrated. This is not only because there is a need for more data; the reasons for the repeated frustration are intrinsic. The empire was vast and varied with many unknowns. One of the most basic was identified by Paul Erdkamp: in order for the proxies to provide evidence for the “significance” of trends in economic performance, we would need to know the baseline from which the growth or decline of any quantifiable data occurred in order to estimate the impact on aggregate production. The Greenland lead flux measurements offered hope that the resolution could be sharpened with the result that the Antonine Plague could be identified as the specific external shock that halted growth and set off the decline in economic performance, but a careful statistical analysis shows that again the conclusion does not stand up to scrutiny. The chapter then suggests that attention to literary texts to understand cultural attitudes affecting the economy is worthwhile. In this regard, one of the most underexplored texts is Pliny's Natural History.
Intrinsically Extrinsic
Authors: Saussy Haun
Published: July 2023

This introductory chapter provides an overview of Chinese literature, explaining the hypothetical “ninefold translation,” which is a bucket-brigade scenario of international communication. If the great achievement of the unified Chinese empire is the imposition of a single set of rules, foreign cultures are a proliferation of endless unregulated and unpredictable differences. It is not just that Chinese are one way and outsiders are another; how they got to be that way is the question. In that perspective, Chinese homogeneity results from a conquest of matter by sovereign will, and foreign diversity becomes tangible through the coordination of incomprehensible tongues, an “organization of distances” aimed at creating intelligibility for the Chinese end-listener. Using comparative literature, the book studies the specifics of those nine acts of translation, those strange customs, and what happens once they come into contact with Sinographic culture.
Exiles and Emissaries amid Their New Neighbors: The View from the Edge of the World
Authors: Saussy Haun
Published: July 2023

This chapter addresses how participants in Chinese high culture made contact with the cultures of surrounding peoples through exile. The court used its powers of nomination to remove a troublesome official or the leader of a quarreling faction from the capital. In so doing, at the same time it continued the consolidation of its control in the borderlands and, as an added convenience, exposed the disgraced official to the risk of death from tropical diseases. Living among people with whom they could not talk and having no interest in those people except as the recipients of their administrative decrees, exiles and emissaries conducted their social life in letters to and from friends in the capital. The chapter then assesses whether the intellectual heritage of China and its literary language allow for understanding outsiders without conquering or assimilating them.
Uncovering a History of US Social Movements
Authors: Amenta Edwin , Caren Neal
Published: July 2023

This introductory chapter provides a background of US social movements. Scholarship on US social movements tends to focus on five big ones, four of which flourished in the 1960s and 1970s: the Black rights, women's rights, environmental, and anti-war movements. However, the fifth movement, organized labor, received the most journalistic attention of any movement of the twentieth century and is greatly understudied in comparison to how much it dominated the public sphere. The struggles of US labor to organize industrial unions through dramatic strikes in the 1930s are well known, but less well addressed are controversies surrounding unions in the postwar period. The chapter then looks at the institutional mediation model of news coverage for movements, discussing the evolution of the US news organizations.
The Race Beat and Press Beatdown: Black Rights in 1960s News
Authors: Amenta Edwin , Caren Neal
Published: July 2023

This chapter assesses a movement that has received the most scholarly attention: the Black rights movement of the 1960s. This period is often seen as a time when journalism did what protesters always want it to do—highlight the justified demands of powerless groups and transmit them to more influential third parties, culminating in real change, including civil and voting rights acts. It is true that national reporters descended on the South, covering the “race beat.” However, the Black rights movement often received dismissive and trivializing coverage. Moreover, the main organizations were covered more frequently not in the triumphant first half of the decade, but in the less celebrated second half of the decade. Great attention was lavished on controversies among and within organizations, the meaning of “Black Power,” failed initiatives in the North, the assassination of Martin Luther King, Jr., the Vietnam War, and the trials of Black Panther leaders. As the decade closed, Black rights organizations were less likely to be covered in the context of important issues.
Lopsided Politics, Unbalanced Media, and US Movements Today
Authors: Amenta Edwin , Caren Neal
Published: July 2023

This chapter moves into the twenty-first century, when politics has become increasingly nationalized, while political parties have become asymmetrically polarized and different in kind. At the same time, the old news media regime was overthrown, with the rise of the internet and social media, the emergence of a powerful right-wing media system, 24-hour news, and the demise of many local newspapers. These transformations have boosted rightwing movement actors' bids for attention and policy change at the expense of those on the left. Nevertheless, national news organizations still do the bulk of newsgathering, have become even more important relative to their regional and local counterparts, and retain great influence over political debates. Movement coverage remains dominated by larger organizations, with changes in the standing of movements influenced by the decline of organized labor and the ascendance of movements that took off in the second half of the twentieth century. The news coverage of movements still responds to partisan regimes and policy change, though for left movements such change has been harder to come by. The chapter demonstrates how some of these transformations played out in the news coverage of the Occupy Wall Street and Tea Party movements, each with historical forerunners.
The Past and Future of Social Movements in the News
Authors: Amenta Edwin , Caren Neal
Published: July 2023

This concluding chapter summarizes the main findings and addresses the current state of movement news attention. If journalism offers a first rough draft of history, it has provided an extensive if uneven one for US social movements. In the 2020s, movement activists face a brave new media world. Battered by the internet and electronic media in the new century, newspapers were revealed not to be permanent political institutions or some Fourth Estate, but everyday businesses with shaky monopoly positions. Despite their loss of monopoly power and the further fracturing of the public sphere, national and professional news organizations remain central to it. When combined, however, the current imbalances in media and politics not only mainly benefit conservative movements and campaigns, but they also threaten democracy. The chapter ends with thoughts about the future of news and the prospects of social movements.
Polynomial dynamics
Authors: Favre Charles , Gauthier Thomas
Published: July 2023

This chapter begins by defining various moduli spaces of polynomials of interest. It discusses basic aspects of the iteration of complex and non-Archimedean polynomials in one variable (the Fatou-Julia theory and the construction of the canonical invariant measure), and looks at a few important examples of polynomial dynamics. The chapter then studies the expansion of the Böttcher coordinates in detail, before examining the notion of canonical height. It also reviews the Mañé-Sad-Sullivan theory of bifurcation of holomorphic dynamical systems in the context of polynomials. The chapter concludes with a discussion of the locus of preperiodic points in an arbitrary family of polynomials.
Synergistic action of steroid hormones and hormone-specific autoantibodies in breast cancer progression
Authors: Glushkov A. N. , Polenok E. G. , Mun S. A. , Gordeeva L. A. , Kostyanko M. V. , Antonov A. V. , Bayramov P. V. , Verzhbitskaya N. E. , Kolpinskiy G. I.
Published: July 2023

Aim. To study the possible synergistic action of steroid hormones and hormone-specific autoantibodies and anti-autoantibodies in conversion of ER+/PR+ tumors into ER-/PR- in breast cancer patients.

Materials and Methods. Concentrations of estradiol (E2) and progesterone (Pg) and the levels of hormone-specific idiotypic IgA antibodies (IgA1-E2 and IgA1-Pg) as well as anti-idiotypic IgG antibodies (IgG2-E2 and IgG2-Pg) were studied in the serum of 979 breast cancer patients (432 patients with stage 1 and 547 patients with stages 2-4) by means of enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. E2 and Pg receptors phenotype (ER/ PR) was determined using immunohistochemistry.

Results. Simultaneous increase in IgA1-E2 and IgG2-E2 levels was associated with elevated E2 serum concentration (p = 0.007) in ER+/PR+ breast cancer patients. On the contrary, concurrent increase in IgA1-Pg и IgG2-Pg, was associated with lowered Pg concentration (p = 0.04). The frequency of ER+/PR+ tumors was low and ER-/PR- was high in patients with stages 2-4 breast cancer than in stage 1 in the following cases: 1) IgG2-E2 and IgA1-E2 levels were high regardless of serum E2 (p = 0.004); 2) IgG2-E2 levels were high and IgA1-E2 and E2 levels were low (p = 0.002); 3) IgG2-Pg and Pg levels were high regardless of IgA1-Pg levels (р < 0,001); 4) IgG2-E2 and IgG2-Pg levels were high regardless of E2, Pg, IgA1-E2 and IgA1-Pg levels (р < 0,001). In other combinations of hormones and hormone-specific antibodies and anti-antibodies, there have been no differences in the frequency of ER+/PR+ and ER-/PR- tumors between patients with ascending stages of breast cancer.

Conclusion. We for the first time found a synergistic action of hormone-specific idiotypic and anti-idiotypic autoantibodies on the concentration of steroid hormones in the serum of breast cancer patients, and the synergistic action of steroid hormones and hormone-specific idiotypic and anti-idiotypic autoantibodies on tumor steroid receptor conversion.
Menstrual dysfunction in women of reproductive age belonging to major ethnic groups in Eastern Siberia: a cross-sectional study
Authors: Lazareva L. M. , Atalyan A. V. , Belenkaya L. V. , Danusevich I. N. , Nadelyaeva Ya. G. , Sharifulin E. M. , Egorova I. Yu. , Babaeva N. I. , Salimova M. D. , Suturina L. V.
Published: July 2023

Aim. To determine the prevalence and features of menstrual dysfunction in premenopausal women of various ethnicities inhabitating Eastern Siberia.Materials and Methods. We conducted a cross-sectional study which included women of reproductive age (18-44 years) living in the Irkutsk region and the Republic of Buryatia. Out of 1134 women, 715 (63.1%) were Caucasians, 312 (27.5%) were Asians (Mongoloid), and 107 (9.4%) were of mixed ethnicity. The data have been collected during the annual physical examination carried out between March 2016 to May 2021,Results. The average age of menarche onset was 13.3 ± 1.4 years and did not differ significantly in Caucasians, Asians, and group of mixed ethnicities. The most frequent ages for menarche were 11 and 15 years among women of mixed ethnicity and Asians, respectively. Chronic abnormal uterine bleeding and dysmenorrhea was detected in 573/1134 (50.5%) and in 280/1134 (24.7%) of the examined women, respectively, without significant differences between the ethnicities. However, dysmenorrhea symptoms were more severe in Caucasians as compared to Asian women.Conclusion. The most frequent variant of menstrual dysfunction is chronic abnormal uterine bleeding. There were no significant differences in the prevalence of irregular menstrual cycles, oligo/anovulation, chronic abnormal uterine bleeding, and dysmenorrhea in women of reproductive age belonging to different ethnicities, although clinical manifestations of dysmenorrhea were most pronounced in Caucasians.
Prevalence of oncopatology risk factors among residents of the Omsk region
Authors: Kruch O. N. , Turchaninov D. V. , Vilms E. A. , Shirlina N. G.
Published: July 2023

Aim. To assessment the prevalence of cancer risk factors in various population groups of the Omsk region.Materials and Methods. The descriptive, cross-sectional epidemiological study included residents of the Omsk region (n = 542) aged 18 to 83 years. To obtain the data, we performed a survey which included questionnaires on the daily patterns and frequency of food consumption, eating habits, and health status. In addition, we assessed the prevalence of smoking, alcohol consumption, physical activity, family history of cancer, overweight.Results. At least one of the studied risk factors was present in 80.1 ± 1.7% of the adult population, including 84.9% of men and 76.3% of women (p = 0.030). The most common factors were: excessive consumption (> 500 g/week) of red and processed meat (55.8 ± 2.1%), overweight (53.6 ± 2.1%), excessive consumption of dietary salt (44.2 ± 2.1%), frequent alcohol consumption (39.3 ± 2.1%), and low physical activity (29.8 ± 2.1%). The smoking was more prevalent in the male population (37.0 ± 3.13%). Although overall alcohol consumption was below the Russian average, excessive alcohol consumption was still found in 21.9% of men and 12.8% of women. The combination of smoking and excessive consumption of alcohol was also more frequent in male population (26.8 ± 2.1%). The proportion of people with consumption of fresh vegetables and fruits < 500 g/day (including potatoes) was 42.6 ± 2.12%. The content of dietary fiber in the diet in an amount < 20 g/day was noted in 57.8 ± 2.1% of the study participants. In men, the average daily salt intake was significantly higher compared to women (6.24 g and 5.20 g, respectively; p = 0.001).Conclusion. The prevalence of cancer risk factors among the residents of the Omsk region was assessed as high and generally does not tend to decrease.