bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Sanitary Control in a Research Laboratory as a Factor in Ensuring Food Safety of Innovative Dairy Products
Authors: Demina E N , Simonenkova A P , Luneva O N
Published: March 2021

Today, the production of innovative dairy products using various technological methods that improve quality is steadily growing. The formulation of such products includes various food additives, physiologically functional ingredients, plant materials, etc. Therefore, special requirements are imposed on the safety and quality of such products. The sanitary and epidemic quality of innovative dairy products is determined by the presence of pathogenic and other microorganisms in them. Development of technology for the production of innovative dairy products is usually concentrated in research laboratories. In this regard, close attention should be paid to the organization of measures aimed at creating an appropriate sanitary regime for the production of products of guaranteed quality. Such measures include careful monitoring of the content of microorganisms in the air, on laboratory equipment, utensils and utensils, work clothes and hands of laboratory staff, on the basis of which the sanitary and hygienic state of the production of innovative dairy products is assessed.
Features of Structural Analysis of the System “Wheel Pair - Top of the Railtrack Structure”
Authors: Demyanov A A , Demyanov A A , Pavlova I V
Published: March 2021

The paper presents evidence of the possibility of changing the mobility of structural elements in mechanical systems when changing the configuration of the force field during of their work, which requires consideration of steelworks as systems with the potential mobility, is greater than zero.

An algorithm for the normalization of relations and the structure of the force field in the system «railroad - projected object».
Processes of Lipid Peroxidation in Carp Affected by Aeromonas Disease
Authors: Abrosimova K S , Abrosimova N A , Morozova M A
Published: March 2021

Results are presented of studies on changes in the amount of hydroperoxides (malondialdehyde, diene conjugates and Schiff base) and A, C and α-tocopherol vitamins in the liver of two-year-old carp with aeromonosis in the initial and chronic stages from the farm ponds. An increase in the activity of lipid peroxidation from the onset of the disease to its chronic form has been borne out by a consistent increase in hydroperoxides and a decrease in the activity of vitamins A, C and α-tocopherol being the natural antioxidants of the fish organism. The opinion was expressed that the study of energy losses unauthorized by the fish organism will help optimize the treatment of carp aeromonosis and preserve the nutritional value of fish meat.
Influence of Existing Operational Conditions on Compliance with Car Handling Standards
Authors: Kyrychenko H , Strelko O , Berdnychenko Yu A
Published: March 2021

Influence of existing conditions of operational work on terms of delivery of cargoes and observance of car turnover standards is investigated. Presence of considerable discrepancies between planned (standard) and actual indicators of car turnover periods and terms of cargo deliveries is accepted as the evidence of discrepancy of the accepted rationing system with the processes, which actually occur in system of railway cargo transportation of Ukraine. The basic principles of construction of the rationing system of railway cargo transportations, adequate to the actual state of the railway, are offered. The possibility of constructing such a rationing system is demonstrated on the example of data of the Ukrzaliznytsia information system about the time of cars’ turnover, which are to be unloaded at port stations with subsequent loading on the railways. It is shown that the requirements for the adequacy, ability to locate the problem link, adaptability, stability and safety of the rationing system are met by the use of ordinal statistics of the respective transport subsystem.
Research of Factors Affecting Trucks Fuel Consumption: Review
Authors: Goryaev N K , Khabibullozoda Kh Kh , Faizalizoda F H
Published: March 2021

One of the ways to save fuel for a road transport enterprises is to improve the regulation of consumption when using trucks in various operating conditions. In this review, domestic and foreign studies of factors affecting fuel consumption were considered. The review of studies shows that several factors are affecting the fuel consumption of vehicles in real operating conditions, which are not taken into account by the current Russian standards for the consumption of fuels and lubricants for road transport. Also, factors such as the rate of fuel consumption for freight turnover and the age of the vehicles need to be clarified. A review of studies has shown that the existing rates of fuel consumption for transport work do not meet modern requirements and additional accounting or clarification of the influence of such factors as the total mass of vehicles, the utilization rate of the carrying capacity, the age of the rolling stock and the technical speed is necessary.
Studying the Impact of Heavy Metals on the Composition of the Food and Processing Industry Wastewater in the Republic of North Ossetia-Alania
Authors: Biragova N F , Tinikashvili N A , Dmitrieva T V
Published: March 2021

The intensive development of industry, the growth of cities and other settlements, and their improvement require solving the issue of preventing the negative impact of human activities on the environment. This particularly concerns the food and processing sectors, which are among the strategic pillars designed to ensure a sustainable provision of the population with the high-quality food required. Water resources rank first by the intensity of the negative impact of food and processing industry on the environment. To eliminate or reduce the damage caused to the environment by industrial waste emissions, it is proposed to switch them to closed cycles. This would allow not only solving the environmental protection issue but also rationally using natural resources.

Wastewater contains feed residues, cooking salt, detergents, nitrites, phosphates, alkalis, acids, and possibly, pathogenic microflora.

The paper describes a rational technology developed for the neutralization and deep purification of agricultural wastewater.
Bilateral Asymmetry and Shape of Lamina Plantago major L
Authors: Baranov S G , Zykov I E , Biryukova T S , Fedorova L V
Published: March 2021

The aim of the work was to answer the question whether pollution by vehicles and the geographical location of populations affect the asymmetry and shape of the leaf plate Plantago major. The Generalized Procrustes Analysis was provided and the difference in the variance of paired landmarks was indicated. Based on vector coordinates, the symmetry and asymmetry covariance matrices of two types were created, and canonical covariance analysis was performed. The difference was found using the distances between the centers of the coordinate sets, the so-called Mahalanobis distances. The overall pool of leaves showed the presence of fluctuating asymmetry at the level of leaf blades in roadside populations. In the control, a mixture of two types of asymmetry: fluctuating and directional was traced. Canonical variation analysis showed the difference between the center of sets (p <0.0001). A correlation was obtained between the symmetric and asymmetric components of the shape. An allometric ratio of size/asymmetry and size/shape of the sheet plate were not obtained. The decrease in the number of landmarks from 52 to 26 did not affect the results. Thus motor transport, as shown by most of the samples (4 out of 6), had a significant impact on both the shape and asymmetry of the leaf blades. The geographical difference also affected both type of variability, as the difference in the asymmetry and shape of the plantain leaf blades increased over the geographical extent from Vladimir to Moscow on a distance about 200km.
Equilibrium Conditions of the Natural Gas Hydrates Formation in the Pore Space of Dispersed Rocks
Authors: Kalacheva L P , Ivanova I K , Portnyagin A S
Published: March 2021

In this work, the kinetic parameters and equilibrium conditions of the formation of natural gas hydrates in moist fresh and saline sand samples were studied by the method of differential thermal analysis. It was found that, in comparison with the systems "water-natural gas" and "sodium chloride solution-natural gas" in dispersed rocks, the equilibrium curves of hydrate formation are shifted to the region of high pressures and low temperatures. It is shown that the salinity of the pore solution leads to a decrease in the amount of absorbed gas and a decrease in the rate of hydrate formation.
The Dependence of the Pump Piping Vibration from the Rotor Speed
Authors: Tokarev A P , Yanbarisova A A , Khatmullina R S
Published: March 2021

The reliability of operation of the main pumps is one of the most important in the pipeline transportation. In most cases, the failure of the unit is preceded by a sharp increase in the level of vibration. With a long service life of the pumping equipment, the frequency components of the vibration increase linearly and slowly enough with time, and then a strong increase in the oscillations begins, which ends in failure. The article is devoted to the analysis of the reasons for the high level of vibration of pipings, in particular during resonance with the disturbing frequency of main line pumps. The causes of vibration of pipings of the main line pumps and the influence of frequency regulation on the level of vibration of the main line pump are analyzed. Under the condition of frequency regulation of the operating modes of the pumping unit, the rotor speed can approach or coincide with the natural frequency of the straining vibrations.
The Study of Eddy Current Sensors Signals over a Group of Cracks in Metal
Authors: Zagidulin R V , Zagidulin T R , Bakiev T A , Bakiev A T
Published: March 2021

We studied corrosion fatigue cracks of operational origin in a steel gas pipeline and obtained a number of statistical data on their distribution on the metal surface.

This information is important for eddy current flaw detection of steel gas pipelines with stress-corrosion cracks. These data were used for making specimens of crack groups in special steel samples. Experimental studies of the signals of eddy current sensors over a group of cracks were carried out using these specimens.

Results of experimental studies of the signals of eddy current sensors of various types (absolute, differential) with different diameters of ferrite cores over specimens of crack group in special steel samples that are located at different intervals are presented. The research results show that the waveform of eddy current sensors undergoes significant transformation when changing the parameters of the group of continuity defects in the metal.

In the case of an absolute surface eddy current sensor additional local maxima signals, which are located over the center of continuity defects in a group of cracks, appear. In the case of differential surface eddy current sensor additional local extrema (maxima and minima) signals appear. These extrema are associated with the number and location of continuity defects in a group of cracks. It is shown that the waveform of the surface eddy current sensor over a group of cracks is determined by its type and parameters of a group of cracks in the metal. Mathematical conditions that make possible resolution or non-resolution of the signal of the surface eddy current sensor in the space of a group of cracks in the metal are found.

It is shown that when the defects in a group of cracks approach each other, a significant increase in the amplitude and half-width of the signal of the surface eddy current sensor occurs. The half-width of the signal of the surface eddy current sensor depends on the interval between the defects of continuity and their number in the group of cracks.
The Regional Aspects of Biodiversity Preservation under Oil Deposit Exploitation and Oil Transportation
Authors: Kapelkina L P , Teplyakova T E
Published: March 2021

The structure and composition of the forming vegetation at the developed oil field in Western Siberia is considered. The absence of pathologies in plants in reclaimed and self-growing developed areas and the growth of Dactylorhiza maculata (a specially protected plant from the Khanty-Mansi AO Red Book) in the post-technogenic territory testify to the restoration of biodiversity and environmental safety of the emerging post-technogenic communities. Dactylorhiza baltica populations from the Red Book of the Russian Federation have been identified on the Russian Plain in the Leningrad and Yaroslavl Regions in the protected area of oil pipelines. In addition, in the Yaroslavl region, populations of Neottia nidus-avis, Platanthera bifolia, Glyceria lithuanica, Carex sylvatica, Dactylorhiza incarnata, Dactylorhiza maculata, Dactylorhiza fuchsii, Listera ovata, Ophioglossum vulgatum, Veratrum lobelianum, were found. These species are especially protected in the Yaroslavl region. The characteristics of their populations are given: the number of locations, the number of specimens, biotopes. The areas of various grassy biotopes in forest regions are increased through the length of treeless and protected spaces above oil pipelines. Thus these treeless spaces contribute to the conservation of rare and endangered edge-meadow, meadow and bog-meadow plants. Measures for the conservation and restoration of populations of specially protected species are recommended. A suggestion is made about the necessity to expand the assortment of sown plant species when carrying out reclamation work on post-technogenic lands using indigenous species for sowing seeds.
Causes of Roadbed Deformations on Railways in South of Primorsky Region
Authors: Edigarian A , Zhdanova S , Neratova O
Published: March 2021

The Russian Far East is a developing territory that is of a geopolitical importance for the country. A distinctive and significant role play the railroads that comprise 71% of total traffic. This explains a special attention of the state bodies to the railroad maintenance. The target of research is the roadbed deformation on some sections in the south of the Primorsky Region. The roads are built in complex engineering and geological conditions that suppose seasonal flooding and extreme weather conditions which produce some challenges for maintenance. The paper presents the results of field researches, current state data and surveys of hazardous road sections carried out by Far East State Transport University, Khabarovsk, Russia. Some consistent causes of deformation are determined, and the design and technological solutions as well as stability methods are offered for this region.
Suevites and Tagamites of Zhamanshin Astrobleme: Distribution in the Crater and Petrographic Features
Authors: Sergienko E S , Yanson S Yu , Kosterov A , Kharitonskii P V , Frolov A M
Published: March 2021

The study of impact glasses from the Zhamanshin meteorite crater has a long history extending back to early 1970ies. Most attention is paid to unique impact-related rocks known as zhamanshinites (bombs) and irghizites (lapilli). But, as first shown by V.L. Masaitis, other, more common types of impactites, suevites and massive melts (tagamites), are also present in Zhamanshin. We study the distribution in the crater, structure and composition of these particular rocks using powder X-ray diffraction and scanning electron microscopy. It is shown that all impact glasses from the Zhamanshin crater are genetically related and derive from the impact event, while the observed petrographic differences between them reflect the conditions of their formation. Individual varieties of studied impactites (suevites and tagamites) are spatially separated and, as a rule, do not intersect. This points to the absence of global mixing of the target material as a result of the impact event, as well as to the complex nature of the impactor.
Method of Autonomous Implementation of Manipulation Operations with Underwater Objects Having Predetermined Shape
Authors: Konoplin A Yu , Pyatavin P A
Published: March 2021

The report presents the stages of developing a new method for automatic underwater manipulation operations with pre-known objects. Based on the proposed method, a system builds on point clouds obtained from the onboard multibeam sonar of an autonomous uninhabited underwater robot identifies an underwater object with a known shape. To determine the location and spatial orientation of the specified object, a pre-built three-dimensional model of this object is used, and converted to a point cloud and subjected to additional processing. Then, by projecting the desired trajectory of the manipulator’s tool onto the object surface obtained during triangulation of the cloud points belonging to it, and evaluating the relative position of the real and desired trajectories, the system checks the accuracy of combining the point clouds of the constructed model and the real object being scanned. Based on the assessment, a decision is made to work out the trajectory built on the object’s surface by the manipulator. Even if the device has a low bandwidth communication channel with the operator, then the desired and real trajectories can be sent to the operator’s console for additional coordination of the possibility of performing a given manipulation operation. The proposed method is based on algorithms for combining point clouds, triangulation, and trajectory projection. The developed system is implemented in the C++ programming language using the open libraries PCL and Eigen. When performing numerical simulation of the system operation in the V-REP environment, we used a multi-beam sonar model, as well as scanned scenes that include objects of work. The project is built on the CMake system and uses "OpenGL Core" as a graphical shell.
Influence of the Speed of Motion of Public Motor Transport and the Time of the Green Signal of the Light Traffic on the Formation of Their Transport Flow
Authors: Averyanov Y I , Asfoor H M A , Golenyaev N S
Published: March 2021

The optimal traffic flow of public transport through a controlled intersection can be achieved by taking into account its speed and the time of the green traffic light. Regularities of the influence of the green traffic light period on the number of public transport passing through the intersection, the acceleration time of public transport on its speed, the green light duration on a distance that public transport can cover, and the distance covered by public transport on the passing time are revealed. The results of the study suggest that there are reserves for increasing traffic flow by controlling the high-speed mode of public transport and taking into account the operating time of a traffic light object.
Economic Benefits and Costs of Platform Solutions in the Modern Development of Natural Resources of the Russian Arctic
Authors: Pilyasov A N , Tsukerman V A
Published: March 2021

The article describes a new platform business model for the development of natural resources in the Arctic, which had emerged in recent decades and replaced the conveyor model of large industrial mining plants of the Soviet era. Using the example of new resource projects in the Russian Arctic, we analyze its main advantages associated with high adaptability, labor productivity, innovation, widespread use of artificial intelligence technologies, and the disadvantages associated with extraterritoriality and social alienation from the territory of presence. The role of the state in these conditions is analogous to the role that the branch trade unions had played in the industrial era: it is to protect labor over capital. We are talking about the formation of the state regulation of corporate social responsibility in the Arctic, about the use of the institution of social license for the company, which has proved its efficiencyabroad, partnership agreements with the municipal and regional authorities of the Arctic territories. Contemporary priorities of the public policy in the Arctic, which are aimed at raising the level of real incomes of its residents to the national average and helping to attract private investment in the Russian Arctic, do not in any way work to correct the imbalances between labor and capital arising in the platform business model.
Models of Locomotive Traction Drives for the Improvement of Sand Feeding System
Authors: Bulavin Y P , Konovalov P Y , Volkov I V
Published: March 2021

In this research, we calculated the key characteristics and parameters of the pneumatic injector using the set input and output gas flow values. We simulated the ejection of excessive air from the ambient to increase the flow rate of the air-and-sand mixture from the outlet chute of the sand feeding system of a locomotive using the CFD package of the FlowSimulation extension of the SolidWorks solid object design environment. We achieved the reduction of the compressed air consumption as compared to the standard locomotive sand-feeding systems.
Analysis of Spatial Variability of Water Chemistry Indicators of the Rivers within Oilfields of Khanty-Mansi Autonomous Okrug – Ugra
Authors: Arslanova M M , Shornikova E A
Published: March 2021

An increase of technogenic load on the catchment area with a decrease of the volume of water protection measures leads to spread of surface water pollution. The paper considers the chemical composition of surface waters in Khanty-Mansi autonomous okrug – Ugra. The technique for analyzing the chemical composition of surface waters based on the combined application of the method of cluster analysis is presented. In this work, the concentration of metal ions in the rivers under study was determined. It was found that concentrations of iron and zinc ions exceeded the maximum permitted concentrations for fishery rivers (MPC) in 100% of samples, as for copper concentration an excess of MPC was noted in some cases. The spatial dynamics of the distribution of chlorides and oil hydrocarbons in surface waters is considered. According to the monitoring data, the analyzed surface water samples had very low concentrations of chlorides and oil hydrocarbons.
Bacillus Pumilus as a Supplement for Waste Recycling by Insect
Authors: Stupak E E , Gilvanova E A , Gladkikh A N
Published: March 2021

The possibility of enriching the intestinal microbiota of cockroaches of the species Pycnoscelus nigra with a cellulolytic strain - Bacillus pumilus IB-320 was reviewed, as well as an assessment of the effect of the used microorganism on process of bioconversion of various types of paper waste and soil humification. Based on the results of a model experiment with a period of 90 days, various degree of bioconversion of cellulose-containing wastes for the zoomicrobial comple were found (in descending order): grass hay, paper and soil substrate (mix of brick crumbs, softwood sawdust and coconut-fiber substrate). Treatment with strain IB-320 contributed to an increase in the total number of bacteria obtained from the substrates and fecal extracts of cockroaches by 1.5-1.7 and 1.5-3 times, respectively. The introduction of the selected strain also significantly increased the rate of destruction of such substrates as cardboard and egg trays by 40% and 25%, accordingly. In the variant with using the grass hay, the presence of strain IB-320 led to an increase in humic acids by 1.5. The prospects of application Bacillus pumilus IB-320 as part of an active zoomicrobial complex for more efficient disposal of cellulose-containing waste have been shown.
The Chemical and Mineralogical Changes of Soils Composition in the Destroyed Pile Foundations of Russian Architecture Monuments (The example of the Church of St. John the Evangelist)
Authors: Bufeev F K , Demkin I A , Naumov M A , Shubina D D
Published: March 2021

The article is concerned with the study of one of the reasons for the loss of the soils bearing capacity in the Russian architecture monuments foundations (XIV-XVII centuries). It may be caused by the formation of cavities-"bootlegs" as a result of the wooden pile destruction, namely, the soils chemical and mineralogical composition changes on the piles contours. The object of the study is the Church of St. John the Evangelist in the Kamenka village, Moscow Region. The research results can be applied to other architectural monuments of the XIV-XVII centuries. The relevance of the topic is determined by the value of the Russian architecture monuments as the cultural heritage objects.
Geoecological Assessment of Aged Tailings of Loparite Ore Enrichment / Environmental Assessment of Recycling of Loparite Ore Tailings
Authors: Krasavtseva E A , Goryachev A A , Maksimova V V
Published: March 2021

Geotechnical properties and material composition of aged tailings of loparite ore enrichment have been investigated. The heterogeneity of the material composition and contents of valuable components has been established. The average content of loparite in tailings is 1.0%. The effective specific activity of natural radionuclides 226Ra, 232Th and 40K in the studied samples is in the range of 757.23±158.66 Bq/kg. After leaching samples of tailings with distilled water, the concentration of fluorine ions in the water extract significantly exceeded the maximum permissible concentrations for water bodies of commercial fishing importance, as well as for drinking and household use. Phytotesting allowed to determine that the aqueous extracts of enrichment tailings, both the native extract and its dilutions, do not have a significant toxic effect on the growth of higher plants.
The Evolution of the Waters Chemical Composition in the Areas of Lead-Zinc Deposits Mining in East Transbaikalia
Authors: Chechel L P
Published: March 2021

A feature of the studied objects is the formation of waters under conditions of combination in the mineral composition of the tailings of sulfide and carbonate mineralization. The studied drainage waters are mainly fresh (salinity 0.33-1.82 g/L), neutral and alkaline (pH 7.25-8.30). They belong to the bicarbonate, sulfate-bicarbonate, bicarbonate-sulfate and sulfate magnesium-calcium and calcium-magnesium chemical types. Arsenic, zinc, cadmium, lead, antimony and manganese in the microelement composition of drainage waters are predominant. Drainage waters of lead-zinc deposits are characterized by a significant excess of the heavy metals concentrations (As, Zn, Cd, Pb, Sb, Mn, Mo, U, La, Se) over the average composition of leaching zone waters, with a maximum for arsenic – more than 800 and for zinc – 200 times. The waters are saturated with respect to secondary carbonates and arsenates, which indicates the existence of thermodynamic conditions for the removal from the solution of Ca, Mg, Cu, Zn, Pb, As into the solid mineral phase. The neutralizing effect of host rocks carbonates and ore bodies carbonates causes a neutral reaction of waters and low heavy metal concentration.
The Russian Caucasus Xerophyte Gene Protection
Authors: Magomadova R S , Astamirova M A-M , Abdurzakova A S , Dudagova E Sh , Israilova S A , Khanaeva Kh R , Khasueva B A
Published: March 2021

The paper provides a scientific and practical justification of the need to preserve the flora gene pool. International and federal legal documents justifying the need for drawing up and keeping Red Lists are specified along with the Methodical Recommendations for Keeping Red Lists, considering by the constituent entities of the Russian Federation in the preparation of relevant regional publications. The total number of the Russian Caucasus xerophytes is specified – 1,018 vascular plant species (ferns, gymnosperms, angiosperms) belonging to 291 genera and 65 families; a consolidated list of species included in the Red Lists of the Russian Federation and 10 subjects of the Russian Caucasus is given, including 368 species (155 genera and 54 families), 118 of which are protected at the federal level. For the flora of each of the entities considered, the total number of xerophilic species, their representation in federal and regional publications, as well as the percentage of species included in the regional Red Lists are indicated. In the study area, 76 endemic and 17 relict species need protection. Three promising areas have been identified where federal-level SPNRs can be arranged to preserve xerophilic floristic complexes.
Influence of the Model Stratum Water Mineralization on the Process of Carbon Dioxide and Natural Gas Hydrates Formation
Authors: Portnyagin A S , Semenov M E , Kalacheva L P , Ivanova I K
Published: March 2021

The paper presents the results of an experimental study of the natural gas and carbon dioxide hydrates formation in a calcium chloride solution. It was found that the gas saturation of hydrates formed from natural gas and carbon dioxide in 15 mass. % calcium chloride solution, 3 and 4 times less, respectively, of the gas saturation of hydrates obtained in distilled water. The rate of gas hydrates formation in a calcium chloride solution is slightly higher than this one in distilled water.
Analysis of Structural Changes in Food Accessibility Assurance in Russia and Its Macroregions Through Food Security
Authors: Zhupley I V , Schmidt Ju I , Tretiak N A
Published: March 2021

This article dwells upon the food security of the country in the context of structural changes in national and regional agriculture. The physical availability indicators of food for Russia and its Central and Far Eastern Federal Districts were calculated for the period from 2014 to 2018. The authors analyzed structural changes in the production of the main food types across household categories. The authors determined the intensity and orientation of structural changes in food resources. It is established that structural changes in food accessibility assurance in the Far East (as compared with the country as a whole and the Central district) associated with regional production are by and large regressive. The article shows that the physical availability of food products in the Far Eastern region during the sanctions and countersanctions features negative dynamics. To condition positive structural changes in regional agriculture, it is necessary that the government support agricultural businesses of various legal entity types.
State-of-the-Art Methods for Eradication of Pathogenic Microflora in Sugar Production
Authors: Dolgopolova N V , Kaluzhskikh A G , Kotelnikova M N
Published: March 2021

Producing sugar from sugar beet is a combination of physical and chemical processes not related to microbial life. Microorganisms in fact are pests for sugar production, as they negatively affect the production rates, lead to a loss of sucrose, and reduce the resulting sugar output while also worsening its quality; the products of microbial life reduce the pH value of sugar products, which leads to a faster corrosion of the equipment and piping. Microorganisms can come from sugar beet itself as well as from water, air, the staff, or the equipment. Non-compliance with the production standards may as well result in contamination. The entire sugar production process is negatively affected by microorganisms, as they cause a considerable loss of sucrose. Beet chips and juice are a good growth medium for pathogens that consume sucrose as a part of their metabolism.
System of Grain Flow Calculation: Grain Tube - Coulter - Soil
Authors: Demchuk E V , Myalo V V , Koval V S
Published: March 2021

The device of double tape coulter is presented. Calculation of seed motion in the system of grain tube-coulter-soil is given, on the basis of which the scheme of grain flight is developed. According to the described technique an imitation model is created with the help of which the indices of seed uniformity distribution along the length and width of the sown furrow are determined.
A Model for Making a Weakly Structured Multi-Criteria Decision to Choose the Best Scenario for Arranging a Passenger Shipping Line
Authors: Kiseleva E V , Gorchakov Y N , Gusak A Y
Published: March 2021

This paper describes the criteria for assessing the alternative scenarios of arranging maritime passenger shipping; the mathematical methods it uses constitute a systematic approach to decision-making: analytic hierarchy process that produced the alternative scenarios that best suit the criteria, which are subjective expert opinions on the prospects of this operation.
Algorithm of the Software Modules Interaction for Managing the Collection and Transportation of Municipal Solid Waste
Authors: Popov A A , Kuzmina A O
Published: March 2021

The article is devoted to research of automation of collecting and transporting municipal solid waste. The aim of the article is development of methodology for substantiating the selection and evaluation of the economic efficiency of the software for managing the collection and transportation of the municipal solid waste. The mathematical models, which are used to predict the type and amount of waste, are considered. A multiplicity of parameters, characterizing municipal solid waste collecting and transporting, was determined. The resulting multiplicity of parameters allows tracking the implementation of the municipal solid waste collecting and transporting cycle. The end of the cycle occurs at the balance between the amount of municipal solid waste, generated by multitenant apartment management organizations and the amount of municipal solid waste, unloaded from garbage trucks to sorting organizations. The composition and functionality of the software modules set for automation of collecting and transporting municipal solid waste was substantiated. Software modules set uses mathematical models to determine the routes for the garbage trucks movement, which corresponds to the minimum costs. The order of the software modules interaction and the conditions, under which the implementation of the software modules set will be cost-effective, are considered.
Eutrophication Potential of the System: "Catchment Area - Water Body” as a Measure of Sustainable Development of the Aquatic Ecosystem
Authors: Minakova E A , Shlychkov A P , Kondratyev S A
Published: March 2021

A method is proposed for assessing nutrient pollution flows in the catchment - water body system, based on the following indicators: the eutrophication potential of the catchment area and water body, the eutrophication potential of diffuse pollution of the catchment area of a water body, the potential for retaining biogenic pollution in the catchment area of a water body. The components of the eutrophication potential for the catchment area of the river Kazanka, located in the left - bank of the Kuibyshev reservoir. It has been established that the eutrophication potential of the catchment area and the waters of the river Kazanka for nitrogen and phosphorus compounds is 2259 and 170 and 705 and 56 t • year −1, respectively. It is shown that the potential for retaining nutrient pollution in the catchment area of the river Kazanka of nitrogen and phosphorus compounds is 69 and 67%, respectively.
Creation of a Decision Support System for Improving Multimodal Transportation
Authors: Makarova I , Buyvol P , Shepelev V
Published: March 2021

The article presents an approach to solving the problem of choosing a vehicle fleet when delivering goods via the multimodal logistics channel "Producer - Central Warehouse - Shop" using simulating. Transportation costs are considered target functionality. Additional restrictions are the minimum allowable level of loading of a transport unit and the minimum required level of assortment of goods in the store. The optimization experiment carried out has shown the effectiveness of this approach. The developed simulation model acts as the core of the decision support system for improving multimodal transportation.
Effect of Trap Magmatism on the Geochemistry of Gases in the North-Western Regions of the Siberian Platform
Authors: Gordeeva A O , Novikov D A , Dultsev F F , Chernykh A V
Published: March 2021

Results of the studies into the effect of trap magmatism on the geochemistry of gases (free and dissolved in water) and their zoning within the boundaries of north-western regions of the Siberian Platform are reported. The maximal paleotemperatures at the moment of trap intrusion reached 650 °C at the contact for the major productive horizons: Silurian (Devilish), Ordovician (Baikit), and Cambrian (Deltulino-Tanachinsky, Abakunsky, and Moktakonsky). Hydrocarbon gases in the free and water-dissolved phases were subjected to degradation in the most active form. For instance, carbon dioxide dominates, with its content more than 90 vol. % and methane content up to 5 vol. % in intrusion-affected zone at a distance up to 100 m, while at a distance of 250 m CO2 concentration decreases to 30 vol. %, and CH4 concentration increases to 60-70 vol. %. No significant effect of the thickness of intrusion on gas composition was revealed.
Monitoring of Spring Wheat Cultivation Under the Climatic Conditions of Kursk Region
Authors: Deriglazova G M
Published: March 2021

With the help of generalization and mathematical processing of statistical data, the author found that in Kursk Region, the yield of spring wheat from 1995 to 2018 increased more than 2.5 times (from 1.58 metric tons / ha in 1995 to 3.97 metric tons / ha in 2018), although in Russia there were no significant changes in crop yield. While conducting a correlation analysis of the associated data of spring wheat yield in Kursk Region for the period studied, a close relationship was established with the application of basic nutrients (0.84) and with the prevailing weather conditions of a particular year of cultivation (0.86). It was found out that spring wheat grew under optimal weather conditions in 50% of cases. Adverse and favorable weather conditions are formed equally in 25 % of cases of years. Under optimal weather conditions, a high direct linear relationship between yield and the sum of active temperatures is recorded, which is significant at 99% level. Crop shortage in unfavorable years was associated with high air temperature during the entire growing season of the crop and a lack of humidity from seedlings to grain ripeness and an increase in humidity during the harvest of the crop. A linear regression relationship between yield and moisture coefficient was revealed. Thus, the moisture coefficient is the limiting agro-climatic resource of spring wheat yield under the conditions of Kursk Region.
Environmental Plasticity and Stability of Introduced Euramerican Poplar Hybrids Depending on Climate Variation
Authors: Tsarev A , Tsareva R , Tsarev V
Published: March 2021

Euramerican poplars are used in many countries of the world, but they are not always suitable for the cold climate of the northern regions. In particular, they are not winter-resistant enough for Russia’s conditions. Field testing of 23 clones from 10 varieties of these poplars in the forest steppe of the Central Black Earth Region of Russia allowed identifying varieties that are winter-resistant in these conditions. They have high survival and productivity. The study of them during various periods of growth, using the Eberhart and Russell method, made it possible to identify a number of varieties with not only high productivity and survival, but also with considerable environmental plasticity to the changing weather and climatic conditions of the region.
Digital Technologies in Agriculture of Arid Territories of Altai
Authors: Kudryavtsev A , Tumbaeva N , Toropova E
Published: March 2021

The soil resources of the dry Altai steppe and, in particular, their fertility in their evolutionary development are degraded under intense anthropogenic load. The use of digital technologies will help to remove environmental tensions, increase the efficiency of agricultural soil fertility, and reduce the cost of crop production. After evaluating the totality of the considered natural conditions of the basic economy, a matrix of natural factors that determine the choice of a particular farming system is developed, on the basis of which a digital model and a database of the geoinformation system are built. The proposed set of attributes is designed for managing agriculture on an agroecological basis, preserving and reproducing the fertility of soil resources.
The Hydrocarbon Potential of Yakutia is a Real Basis for Export Supplies of Oil and Gas to the Asia-Pacific Export Countries
Authors: Sitnikov V S , Sleptsova M I , Sevostyanova R F
Published: March 2021

The article contains of the history of exploration for oil and gas in Yakutia from the 1930s to the present. Issues related to the discovery of deposits and the creation of a resource base in eastern Russia under various geological conditions are considered. The oil exploration program in Siberia was developed in 1932-34. When analyzing the history of oil and gas exploration work carried out in the Republic of Sakha (Yakutia), with a certain degree of conditionality, a number of stages are distinguished that differ in the prevailing directions of the location of the work, their volume, methodology and peculiarities of integration (1933-1955; 1956-1971; 1972-1984; 1985-1992; 1993 and to the present). During these years, the following most significant geological results were recorded. In the early 30s, the first oil was obtained in the middle reaches of the river. Lena, in the valley of her right tributary of the river. Tuolba. In 1956, the first Ust-Vilyuiskoye gas field was discovered in Yakutia. The initial geological resources of hydrocarbons in prospective areas of Western Yakutia are 24 billion tons, including 10.4 billion tons of oil (2.6 billion tons of recoverable), free gas of 12.1 trillion cubic meters; gas dissolved in oil, 0.8 trillion cubic meters tons; condensate 0.7 billion tons. The predominant part of the initial geological resources of hydrocarbon gas is concentrated in the Vilyui and Nepa-Botuoba oil and gas regions. The situation with the development of proven reserves of oil and gas and the prospects for their further expansion are covered. The data obtained, together with the materials of the work of past years, convincingly indicate that the republic’s subsoil has the largest oil and gas potential, capable of further accelerating the growth of the raw hydrocarbon base and the discovery of new large fields, including oil in fundamentally new areas.
Efficiency of Implementing a New System for Feeding Cows of Holstein Breed
Authors: Khoroshailo T A , Verkhoturov V V , Kozub Y A
Published: March 2021

Feed makes up to 70% of the total cost of feeding livestock. Therefore, high-quality feeding, based on the satisfaction of animals with the necessary level of nutrients and nutrients, is the key to the quality and profitability of the final product. It is known that ruminants have fundamental differences in the physiology of digestion and metabolism, when, due to the enzymatic activity of microorganisms, not only quantitative, but also qualitative characteristics of almost all components of the feed change. In this regard, we conducted production experience in introducing a new feeding system for Holstein cows, first-calf cows. For this, two groups of cows were formed on the basis of analogues and placed in different sections. The cows of the first group were fed according to the old feeding system, i.e., the feed was prepared in SILOKING feeders. Cows of the second group were fed from KONGSKILDE feeders. At the end of the experiment, data were obtained on obtaining the greatest amount of milk productivity of cows of the second group, which were fed 628.0 kilograms according to the new feeding technology.
The SR-XFA Method Used to Determine the Multi-Element Composition of Arctic Aerosols
Authors: Shpartko V I , Popova S A , Legan M V
Published: March 2021

Studying aerosols in the Arctic zone is not only valid due to climate changes that are most pronounced at high latitudes but plays an important role in the investigation of radiative transfer and mass exchange by chemical compounds in the system «continent — atmosphere — ocean». To study the multi-element composition of aerosols in high-latitude areas is a major issue for identifying the regional and global sources of pollution. The studies were performed by the method of modern high-precision X-ray fluorescence analysis using synchrotron radiation (SR XFA). The selection campaign was conducted in the village of Barentzburg in the Svalbard archipelago from 17.12.2018 to 11.04.2019 using AFA-KhA-20 filters. The SR XFA method using synchrotron radiation, developed in the Budker Institute of Nuclear Physics, SB RAS, made is possible to determine the concentrations of 22 elements: K, Ca, Ti, V, Cr, Mn, Fe, Co, Ni, Cu, Zn, Ga, As, Se, Br, Rb, Sr, Y, Zr, Nb, Mo, Pb. In addition, it was combined with the data on air mass trajectories in order to determine both the regions from which these elements were transported and the origin of these sources.
Improving the Organization of Taxi Transportation System
Authors: Demakhina E S , Nurtdinov I S , Pogotovkina N S , Tolchina E V
Published: March 2021

The existing system of taxi transportation in the Russian Federation is arranged in such a way that the bulk of the traffic is carried out by so-called aggregators that provide information services to drivers and passengers while they are not carriers by themselves. Thus, most of the passengers are carried out by the drivers with no permission for this kind of activity, that has bad influence on the safety of passengers and road safety in general. Aggregators are increasingly forcing taxi companies out of the market. At the same time, the legal status, rules of activity and responsibility of aggregators are not defined by the current legislation.

This article presents the results of the research aimed at improving the existing system of taxi transportation in order to enhance its security.
Development of a Method for Producing Molded Hydrates of Natural Gas
Authors: Portnyagin A S , Semenov M E , Koryakina V V
Published: March 2021

The article proposes a method for producing natural gas hydrates in the form of cylindrical pellets with a continuous production cycle. The method involves the formation of hydrates in a natural gas atmosphere at pressures from 5 to 8 MPa and a constant temperature equal to + 5 °C, in the form of a hydrate slurry formed by stirring a hydrate-forming liquid in an environment of a hydrate-forming gas. The resulting gas hydrate slurry is collected in a perforated sleeve equipped with a filter and pressed into cylindrical pellets using a hydraulic plunger. The main feature of the developed method is to simplify the technology for obtaining the finished product in the form of cylindrical pellets of natural gas hydrates by placing all production processes within a single sealed tank.
The Model of Plane-parallel Ship Movement Based on a Semi-linear System of Differential Equations using the Perturbation Method
Authors: Solyakov O V , Uvarova L A , Yakunchikov V V , Nadykto N B
Published: March 2021

The solution of a semi-linear dynamic system, which is the mathematical model of plane-parallel ship motion, is obtained using the perturbation method. It is shown that solution of linear dynamical systems depends on both harmonic functions and integral sine and cosine functions. The perturbation method is used to solve the plane-parallel motion of a ship from nonlinear equations that take into account the influence of static moment. The effect of this value on each of the velocity components is shown. The influence of the linear velocity component on the angular velocity is shown.. The resulting solutions can be used to automate the movement of a vessel along a constrained fairway using an automatic control system.