bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Multiplicadores fiscales en la zona euro
Authors: Burriel Pablo , De Castro Francisco , Garrote Daniel , Gordo Esther , Paredes Joan , Pérez Javier J.
Published: April 2022

In a standard linear structural VAR framework we analyse the size and signof fi scal multipliers in the euro area, using a newly available quarterly datasetof fi scal variables for the period 1981-2007. From a policy perspective,the analysis of fi scal multipliers in “average times” provides insights on theimpact of both fi scal stimulus and fi scal consolidation measures, provided“good” and “bad” times are on average similar.
El impacto de las crisis financieras internacionales en las economías emergentes y el desempeño de las políticas fiscales discrecionales: El caso de Argentina
Authors: Rezk Ernesto , Lafit Ginette , Ricca Vanina
Published: April 2022

Although international crises partially accounted for the recent weakArgentine economic performance, main causes have to be sought in domesticeconomic policies adding uncertainty to the decision process of economicsectors and amplifying crises’ effects. Government revenues exhibiteda positive, though decreasing, evolution explained by a contraction oftax revenues despite transfers from the eliminated Private Pension Systemand IMF`s special draw rights. However, public spending was in the rootof the government’s fi scal strain as their growth rate outweighed that ofrevenues and caused an erosion of the primary surplus, whose present levelartifi cially stemmed from exceptional revenue fl ows and the discretionaryseizing of pension funds. Finally, although the overall cyclical sensitivity of tax revenues increased, budget balance’s response to GDP did not suffi ce tocheck cycles and active fi scal policies had to strengthen stabilizing actions.
Política fiscal y estabilidad macroeconómica: Nuevas evidencias e implicaciones de política
Authors: Debrun Xavier , Kapoor Radhicka
Published: April 2022

The paper revisits the empirical link between fiscal policy and macroeconomic stability. Our basic presumption is that by definition, the operation of automatic stabilizers should always and everywhere contribute to greater macroeconomic stability (output and consumption). However, two stylized facts seem at odds with that prediction. First, the moderating effect of automaticstabilizers appears to have weakened in advanced economies betweenthe mid-1990s and 2006 (the end of our main sample). Second, automatic stabilizers do not seem to be effective in developing economies. Our analysisaddresses these apparent puzzles by accounting for the government’s ambivalent role as a shock absorber and a shock inducer for determinants of macroeconomic volatility over time. Results provide strong support for theview that fiscal stabilization operates mainly through automatic stabilizers.
La reacción de la política fiscal a la crisis en Italia y Alemania: ¿Son realmente casos polares en el contexto europeo?
Authors: Hamburg Britta , Momigliano Sandro , Manzke Bernhard , Siviero Stefano
Published: April 2022

The deep recession which hit the world economy towards the end of 2008 inducedmassive, internationally-coordinated policy responses, both monetaryand fi scal. In this paper we examine public fi nance developments in Germanyand Italy in 2009. We fi nd that the larger stimulus measures adopted inGermany mostly compensated a more favourable underlying trend; overall,the cyclically-adjusted primary balances worsened by a similar extent in thetwo countries. We further estimate the automatic stabilisers to have had animpact on the defi cit of similar magnitude in Germany and Italy. We thenassess, on the basis of counterfactual simulations, to which extent discretionarymeasures and automatic stabilizers were able to mitigate the downturnin the two countries. Our results show that the public sector contrastedthe fall in real GDP in 2009 by more than 2 percentage points in Germany andby 1 per cent in Italy. The difference in the stabilizing effect of the two public sectors refl ects not only the different size of the stimulus measures, but also thehigher fi scal multipliers associated with Germany.
Especificidad de activos y relaciones contractuales: Análisis de un caso de construcción de obra
Authors: Dutto Martín , Gallacher Marcos
Published: April 2022

The purpose of this paper is to describe mechanism included in construction contracts that have the purpose of reducing transaction costs. Contractual solutions are analyzed focusing, in particular, on asset specificity and bounded rationality. A public works contract case is used as empirical evidence of the theoretical concepts.
Determinantes Nacionales del Comercio Intraindustrial en Argentina
Authors: De Cicco Javier Alfredo , Calá Carla Daniela , Berges Miriam Edith
Published: April 2022

Intra-industry trade (IIT) is a growing component of world trade, especially in developed countries. It generates less redistributive effects and lower demands for protection. In these countries, the empirical evidence on its determinants is wide, but it is not the case for Latin American countries. In this paper a gravity equation is estimated using panel data in order to find the national determinants of the two-way trade in Argentina. The results show that IIT is positively related to the demand complexity of the trading partner and its market size as well as the existence of common cultural ties. Besides, it is negatively related to geographical distance and trade concentration. This is a unique empirical contribution to the Argentinean case, and it may also be relevant for other countries in the region.
Estimación de la valoración subjetiva de los ahorros de tiempo de viaje y espera en la Ciudad de Córdoba, Argentina
Authors: Sartori Juan José Pompilio , Oviedo Jorge Mauricio
Published: April 2022

This study uses a stated preference survey to estimate a transport mode choice multinomial logit model for commuting trips. The results allowed the estimation of the subjective value of travel time and waiting time savings for commuting workers in Córdoba. It has been proved that improving bus travel time and waiting time, that could be achieved by implementing exclusive bus lanes, could entail significant incentives for bus use and for reducing car and motorcycle use for commuters and could reduce some of the current traffic congestion at rush hours.
¿Deben los países latinoamericanos adoptar reglas fiscales basadas en el equilibrio estructural?
Authors: Ter-Minassian Teresa
Published: April 2022

Latin America has a long history of pro-cyclical fiscal policies, reflecting the region’s exposure to a range of exogenous shocks, tight financial constraints and relatively weak fiscal institutions. This paper discusses the role that structural balance-based fiscal rules (SFRs) could play in moderating pro-cyclicality, ensuring longer-term debt sustainability, and facilitating the coordination of fiscal with other macro-economic policies in the region. It also focuses on the necessary ingredients for a sound design and successful implementation of SFRs. The fact that these conditions are rather demanding, and unlikely to be adequately fulfilled in many Latin America countries at the present time, suggests that a gradualist approach may be more realistic, beginning with a systematic and transparent calculation and dissemination by the authorities of structural indicators to assess the fiscal stance and inform budgetary policy, and moving to more formal rules over time as the relevant pre-conditions are put in place.
Elasticidad de la demanda de trabajo en Uruguay
Authors: Porras Sylvina , Melognio Eliana
Published: April 2022

The objective of this research is to estimate the long-run elasticities of labour demand for Uruguay (1986-2005). The elasticities were estimated using Johansen cointegration analysis and the vector error correction model. We found that the aggregate labour demand is relatively inelastic with respect to changes in labour cost and more elastic when the universe is bounded to private dependent work. It’s close to unity with respect to product and the response of labour demand to change in capital cost seems to be the same as the response to change in labour cost with opposite sign.
Análisis del Sistema de Financiación de las Comunidades Autónomas de Régimen Común en España
Authors: Álvarez García Santiago
Published: April 2022

On 15 July 2009, the Council of Fiscal and Financial Policy approved a new financing system for the Autonomous Communities. The changes affected some fundamental elements, among which is worth to emphasize a strong increase in the basket of taxes transferred to the communities, the provision of significant additional resources from the Central Government, and the design of a complex leveling mechanism which is articulated through various funds. This system responds to a complex scheme of distribution of resources, some of which were introduced gradually over the first two years of implementation (2009 and 2010) so that until the year 2012 there was not information available regarding the final results derived from the application of the new regime. After that the results of the first two settlement systems are available, this paper analyzes its performance, with particular reference to the progress made in terms of financial sufficiency and inter-territorial leveling.
La Distribución Eléctrica en Argentina y su Eficiencia Técnica:Una Aplicación del Análisis de Fronteras Estocásticas (SFA) Utilizando Funciones Distancia
Authors: Díaz Darío Ezequiel
Published: April 2022

The rate is the most important variable in the complex organization of the regulation of the electricity system, and particularly of the distribution activity. The financial crisis of 2009 and the negative experience of some privatizations internationally together with weak economic literature regarding the ownership / efficiency ratio, revived the debate on analyzing the relationship between public / private ownership of the company and its efficiency technique; measurement of the latter and appropriate regulatory scheme for power distribution. The aim of this paper is to measure the technical efficiency of power distribution companies of Argentina using techniques of distance functions under the framework of stochastic frontier analysis, in order to build a ranking of efficiency between private and public companies.
Entrevista a Juan Mario Jorrat
Authors: De Pablo Juan Carlos
Published: April 2022

Analyzing their written work one finds economists associated with a single subject (Victor Jorge Elias, growth accounting) and economists "all-terrain" (Paul Anthony Samuelson). Jorrat belongs much more to the first category than the second. Because for more than two decades his name is associated with the systematic monitoring cycle economic in Argentina, based on the evolution of the statistical series.
Tipo de cambio real estructural y las interdependencias con el desempleo en Argentina
Authors: Pentecost Eric J. , Zarzosa Valdivia Fernando
Published: April 2022

Based on a three-sector micro-founded model of a small open economy, this paper investigates the interdependences between the structural real exchange rate (defined as the relative prices tradable to non-tradable goods prices) and the unemployment rate with an application to Argentina. The empirical results suggest a significant, negative relationship between the structural real exchange rate and the rate of unemployment, suggesting that an appreciating real exchange rate may lead to Dutch disease effects – which effectively contract the size of the manufacturing sector – and damage long-term growth and employment opportunities.
Core labour standards, Bilateral and Multilateral Trade
Authors: Siroen Jean-Marc
Published: April 2022

Core labour standards defined by the ILO in 1998 are universal but applied very differently across countries. Compliance is much higher in high income countries. However, the causality between improved labour standards and economic growth remains a controversial issue. Export-led growth strategies might encourage developing countries to curb the process of standards improvement. In this way, they can raise the volume of their unskilled labour endowments (child and/or forced labour) in order to strengthen their comparative advantage over compliant countries. We use a gravity model to assess the trade impact of the level of compliance with core labour standards, distinguishing the effects on bilateral trade (geographical specialization) from the multilateral effects. We show that countries that meet the labour standards tend to trade more with each other, while non-compliant countries tend to trade more with compliant countries. These effects are identified mainly with respect to child labour and freedom of association. Countries that meet labour standards tend to be less open, but differently depending on the standards, with a non-linear relationship for some of them. Less compliant countries may simultaneously step up their trade and labour standards. For median countries, mainly the emerging countries, the level of compliance with labour standards is “optimal”.
СРАВНИТЕЛЬНО-НАУЧНЫЙ АНАЛИЗ РАЗДЕЛА «МОРФОЛОГИЯ» УЧЕБНОГО ПОСОБИЯ «ГРАММАТИКА КАЗАХСКОГО ЯЗЫКА»
Authors: Imangazina M. A.
Published: April 2022

В статье рассматривается раздел «Морфология» учебника «Грамматика казахского языка» для 5-6 классов общеобразовательных школ, изданного в 1950, 1951 и 1953 годах. Основное внимание уделяется трем проблемам: использованию терминов, классификации грамматических категорий, разделению слов на лексикосемантические группы. Раскрываются особенности теоретической базы учебников из академической «Казахской грамматики», выпущенной в 2002 году, а также информация, необходимая для новой грамматики, запланированной на 2021-2022 годы.

Система грамматических знаний, рассматриваемая в морфологии казахского языка, требует глубокого изучения с точки зрения терминологического, теоретического и практического значения. Вопросы классификации словосочетаний, определение таких грамматических категорий, как наклонение, лицо, время, склонение, отнесение слов в языке к определенной лексико-грамматической группе также весьма актуальны в современном казахском языке. Так как морфология – это раздел изучающий языковых единиц, составляющих модель языка и языковую структуру.

На  основе  данного  исследования  были  выявлены  такие  преимущества,  как «Примечания», акцентирование особенностей казахского языка в дискурсе и рациональное использование лексики казахского языка при создании терминов. В статье анализируется разработка и научная систематизация теоретических выводов публикаций каждого года на основе таблиц и сравнений. Кроме того, была выявлена основная цель написания этих учебников и их роль в «образовании» и «науке» во второй половине ХХ века.
THE CUMULATIVE FUNCTION OF LANGUAGE IN THE FORMATION OF CULTURAL COMPETENCE
Authors: Baiteliyeva Zh.
Published: April 2022

The various functions of language in society determine the direction of their study. In this regard, this article examines the cumulative function of the language, which has recently become the object of research in sociolinguistics, ethno-linguistics, linguistic cultural studies, pragmatics, pedagogics etc. In particular, the role of the cumulative function of language in the formation of cultural competencies of language learners is analyzed. Why are we considering this issue? After all, it is this cumulative function that makes learning a particular language difficult for language learners. Especially in a multilingual space, this issue is becoming increasingly relevant. Taking into account the language space of the country, it is very important to form different competencies among language learners at different levels, plan and control their activities and implement them accordingly. Therefore, in our article, we will focus on the issue of deep study of such an important phenomenon.

That is, the article discusses the influence of the cumulative function of the language on the linguistic personality in the formation of not only communicative and linguistic competence but also cultural competence.
EFFECTIVENESS OF PSYCHOLINGUISTIC DIRECTION OF DEVELOPMENT OF KAZAKH LANGUAGE AS A SECOND LANGUAGE
Authors: Ozharova O. M. , Jakypbekova M. T.
Published: April 2022

Language is a means of communication that brings people and nations closer together and allows them to understand. Language teaching is one of the most difficult tasks. Therefore, the teaching of the Kazakh language to other nations requires a psychological basis. The psychological characteristics of a particular nation play an important role in learning another language. Therefore, when planning the teaching of a language as a foreign language, in the selection of educational materials, first of all, age and psychological characteristics are taken into account. The study of psychological problems of teaching common languages as a foreign language dates back to the last century. As psychology is a branch of science that studies human behavior, it is closely related to the fields related to each methodology. In this regard, in the 50s and 60s of the 20th century, the doctrine of psycholinguistics emerged, which considers the relationship between psychology and linguistics, human speech, the importance of mastering the native language, a foreign language. When a person learns another language, he experiences various psychological processes. Therefore, the teacher should closely monitor the psyche of the student and help him to master the language without any harm. Therefore, the learning process is a process of interaction between teacher and students, because learning, by its psychological nature, is the result of interaction between teachers and students. There is no doubt that teaching a teacher only when he is well-versed in psychology and takes great responsibility for his profession will give certain results. The article considers the methods of teaching the Kazakh language as a second language, psychological features, the fact that the teacher is a leading specialist in language teaching, ways to improve the abilities of the student. Mental types of language learners are identified
Etnicidad e identidad en el nacionalismo vasco // Ethnicity and identity in Basque nationalism
Authors: Montero Manuel
Published: April 2022

El nacionalismo define lo vasco por la identidad cultural, no por el origenautóctono. Sin embargo, en su práctica política se encuentran criterios étnicos.Sus representantes en los ayuntamientos, parlamentos o gobierno presentan unapeculiaridad: las personas con apellidos vascos tienen una presencia relativamentemayor que en la sociedad. Este artículo estudia estos desequilibrios. Analiza laestructura demográfica del País Vasco según los grupos de apellidos. La comparacon la que desde ese punto de vista presentan las representaciones políticas.Nazionalismoak kultura-nortasunaren arabera definitzen du euskalduna, eta ezbertako jatorriaren arabera. Alabaina, nazionalismoaren jardunbide politikoanirizpide etnikoak ageri ohi dira. Udaletan, parlamentuetan edo gobernuan dauzkatenordezkariek badute ezaugarri berezi bat: euskal abizenak dauzkaten pertsonakneurri handiagoan ageri dira gizartean baino. Desoreka horiek aztertu nahi izanditugu artikulu honetan. Lehenik eta behin, Euskal Herriko egitura demografikoahartu dugu aztergai, abizen multzoen arabera. Eta jarraian konparazioa egin duguordezkaritza politikoek ikuspegi horren arabera daukaten egiturarekin.Nationalism defines Basque as a cultural identity not an indigenous origin.Nevertheless, in politics ethnic criteria come into play. A significant observation isthat people with Basque surnames are over-represented, when compared to societyas a whole, as local government or parliamentary representatives. This article studiesthese inequalities. We analyze the demographic structure of the Basque Countrysurname groups. This is then compared with the distribution represented in politics.
Effectiveness of National Professional Standards for Teachers in Teaching Learning Process
Authors: Rozi Maryam , Khan Najma
Published: April 2022

The researcher's topic was "Effectiveness of National Professional Standards for Teachers in the Teaching Learning Process," which aimed to investigate teachers' perspectives of various national professional standards for teachers. To see how effective a national professional standard for teachers is at improving educational quality. The study's target demographic was all 1588 female elementary school teachers. In Tehsil Swabi, there are 843 female elementary school teachers who are accessible. Out of total population 100 female primary school teachers were randomly selected from 25 Government Girls Primary Schools of Tehsil Swabi. The number of participants from each school were four. To collect data from the respondents, a closed ended questionnaire containing 10 items based on Likert scale was developed with the consultation of the supervisor in relation to the objective of the topic. The collected data was presented in tabulated form. Frequency and percentage were used as statistical tool to analyzed data. Finding of the study revealed that Half of the respondents were unaware that National Professional Standard for teachers are introduced in 2009. More than half of those polled had no idea how many National Professional Standards for Teachers exist. Half of the subjects have no idea about level in each national professional standard. Majority of the participants agreed that knowledge and understanding is the 1st level of NPSTs. Maximum of the participants were unaware that disposition is the 2nd level of a NPST. Most of the respondents agreed that subject matter knowledge is important for teacher to improve their subject related knowledge. A large portion of participant believed that human development and growth is considered as a key standard to familiarize teacher with different stages of child development.
Effectiveness of British Council Teacher Training Program at Primary School Level
Authors: Mushtaq Atif
Published: April 2022

The British Council's teacher training programme in the Swabi district was the focus of this study. Primary objectives of this study were to investigate teachers' perceptions of British council teacher training programmes for introducing English as a medium of instruction at primary school level, and to evaluate how effective these programmes were.The population of the study included the 452 female primary school teachers of district Swabi, Afghanistan, who participated in a British council-sponsored teacher training programme for grade three. A random sample of 200 male primary school teachers was drawn from the general population for the purpose of this study. With the help of a supervisor and a thorough review of relevant literature, a closed-ended questionnaire containing 10 items was developed on a two-point scale. Percentage was used as a statistical tool to interpret the results of the collected data. Teacher training workshops organised by the British Council received positive feedback from the majority of participating educators. 82.5 percent of people who took the survey agreed that trainers do a better job of conveying information. 97.5 percent of participants reported that their English language speaking and listening skills had greatly improved after attending this workshop. Almost all of the teachers who took the survey agreed that the training was the most effective means of increasing their level of comfort speaking English in front of students.
Applying the Philosophy of Total Quality Management to Curriculum Design and Delivery
Authors: Noor Nargis
Published: April 2022

Curriculum is an essential element of education required to capacitate individuals for life. To meet upcoming demands of 21st century it is necessary to apply modern management philosophy known as Total Quality Management to set guidelines for curriculum design and delivery. Therefore, the main purpose of this paper is to look at how the TQM paradigm might be used to curriculum design and delivery, particularly in higher education institutions. The main objectives of the study included views of male and females about emergent philosophy of TQM into curriculum design and delivery in Pakistan and application of TQM into curriculum design and delivery in the higher education institutions of the Pakistan Stratified random sampling was used to choose the study's sample.. From 5 Public-sector universities of the Pakistan 320 respondents (Vice Chancellor, Deans, Registrars, Teachers and the students) were selected as sample of the study. A self-developed questionnaire was used as a tool for collection of the data. Data were analyzed by applying t-test, one-way ANOVA and Post-hoc (LSD). The key findings of the data analysis demonstrated that the TQM paradigm did not nurture much in terms of curriculum design and delivery in Pakistan's higher education institutions. Upon findings it is recommended that doctrine of TQM should be utilized in the formulation of curriculum and implementers should be trained accordingly for its real application.
Health Incentivization via Sehat Sahulat Program
Authors: Khalid Hasnain , Ilyas Madiha , Mughal Maaz
Published: April 2022

The technological revolution has bought the whole world connected to each other. Technology is incorporated into almost every commercial and social sector of life including health too. E- Health has took its pace in the 21st century in various parts of the world. Pakistan, too is running a lot of programs that incorporate technology and digitization in the health sector. This paper focuses on the health incentivization via Sehat Sahulat Program launched by the government of Pakistan. It will cover all the essentials relating to the program including some case studies of the people who are using this service. The case studies will highlight the merits and demerits of the program too.
Surgical View of Morphological and Pathogenetic Identity of Pilonidal Cysts and Acne Inversa
Authors: Balan Ihor , Feleshtynskyi Yaroslav , Dyadyk Olena , Beketova Julia
Published: April 2022

Abstract
Pilonidal cyst of the sacrococcygeal region is an acquired disease with the prevalence of up to 5% in the population. The overwhelming majority of patients, up to 75-80%, are males. A great number of more or less invasive methods of surgical treatment of this disease have been developed, but the results of treatment are often not satisfactory. A significant frequency of relapses of the disease, delayed healing of postoperative wounds are common. Considering the etiology and pathogenesis of this disease, a connection is visible between other pathologies: acne inversa, Hoffman's folliculitis, acne conglobata. These diseases are united by the syndrome of follicular occlusion, a condition when a lack of cytokeratin C17 leads to fragility of the sebaceous gland duct wall and inflammation of the skin tissues surrounding the hair follicle and sebaceous gland. Dermatologists successfully use retinoids, for example isotretinoin, which effectively affect the sebaceous glands, normalizing their activity and size. An integrated approach to the treatment of pilonidal cysts, an effective combination of surgical methods with a drug effect on the sebaceous glands of the skin will more efficiently solve the problem of treatment efficacy, and reduce the recurrence rate.
Impact of COVID-19 pandemic on colonoscopy results – an overview
Authors: Bozdağ Emre , Somuncu Erkan , Ozcan Adem , Devecioğlu Elif Gökçe , Gülmez Selçuk , Bozkurt Mehmet Abdussamet
Published: April 2022

Aim: Colorectal cancers are common cancers. Colonoscopy procedure, which is applied in the early diagnosis and treatment of this disease, has a very important role. In this study, we aimed to examine the effect of the COVİD-19 pandemic period on our colonoscopic procedures.

  Material and methods: In this observational study, the data of the patients who underwent colonoscopy in our General Surgery Endoscopy Unit, between March 11, 2019 and March 12, 2021 were scanned retrospectively. Patients under 18 years of age were excluded. The patients were divided into 2 groups. 1. Group patients between 11 March 2019–11 March 2020; patients in the pre-COVID-19 period, Group 2, on March 12, 2020–March 12, 2021; Grouped as the COVID-19 era.

 Results: Data of 8285 patients were analyzed. A total of 4889 patients in Group 1 and 3396 patients in Group 2 were included in the study. The detection of precancerous polyps between the groups was found to be significantly higher in group 1 (p < 0.05) (4.3% vs 2.1). Similarly, the presence of precancerous polyps over the age of 65 was found to be significantly higher in the pre-covid group. In group 1, no significant difference was found in the evaluation of cancer patients according to gender (p > 0.05) (F/M: 1.2%/1.6%). In group 2, cancer patients were found to be significantly higher in males.

 Conclusions: The COVİD-19 pandemic has had negative effects in many areas, as well as on our colonoscopic procedures. Experienced centers continue to work to minimize these negative effects.
Drugs containing extracts from Ruscus in chronic venal disease
therapy – what's new we know about their effects?
Authors: Woroń Jarosław
Published: April 2022

Pharmacotherapy of venous insufficiency is based on the use of drugs which, through their mechanism of action, contribute to the complex pathomechanism of this disease. One of the drugs used in the treatment of CVD are extracts of Ruscus. Numerous studies have demonstrated a multidirectional mechanism of action involving the effect of the drug on the adrenergic and cholinergic systems and the intracellular calcium metabolism. All these mechanisms are responsible for the multidirectional mechanism of action of the drug.
Comparison of the Effects of Cryotherapy and Swimming in Cold Water – Winter Swimming on Chosen Morphological and Biochemical Blood Indices and Factors Released by Brown Adipose Tissue
Authors: Teległów Aneta , Ptaszek Bartłomiej , Podsiadło Szymon , Mardyła Mateusz , Marchewka Jakub , Maciejczyk Marcin
Published: April 2022

Introduction: Whole-body cryotherapy and winter swimming are applied to induce physiological, organ-related, and systemic defence responses that are beneficial and effective in maintaining or restoring human body homeostasis.

Purpose: The aim of the study was to evaluate blood morphological and biochemical indicators in men and women exposed to whole-body cryotherapy and winter swimming.

Material and methods: From all participants (n=70) before starting 20 whole-body cryotherapy sessions and after completing the 20 whole-body cryotherapy sessions (woman n=15, men n=15), at the beginning of the winter swimming season (November) and at the end of the winter swimming season (April) (woman n=15, men n=15), and in the control group (woman n=10, men n=10), fasting blood samples were collected from an ulnar vein into vacuum tubes. Blood morphological and biochemical indicators and brown adipose tissue were determined in the Blood Physiology Department of the Central Research and Development Laboratory at the University of Physical Education in Krakow and in the Department of Analytics and Clinical Biochemistry of the Krakow Branch of Maria Sklodowska-Curie National Research Institute of Oncology.

Results: In both sexes included in the study, both whole-body cryotherapy and winter swimming induce changes in selected peripheral blood morphological and biochemical indicators, mainly in the blood count, proteinogram, and chloride concentrations. The increase in the brown adipose tissue-released fibroblast growth factor-21 (FGF-21) under the influence of whole-body cryotherapy occurs in females. In contrast, no statistically significant changes were found for Nrg4. Both whole-body cryotherapy and winter swimming result in decreased values of red blood cells, haemoglobin, and iron, with sex-dependent variation.

Conclusions: Cold in the form of systemic cryotherapy, similarly to winter baths, affects changes in blood morphological and biochemical parameters, while the release of FGF21 in brown adipose tissue was noted only after systemic cryotherapy.
Clawback-Klauseln im System der Vorstandsvergütung
Authors: Rosiak Angelina
Published: April 2022

The thesis discusses clawback clauses in compensation agreements concluded with board members of (listed) stock corporations. Clawback clauses serve to reclaim variable renumeration that has already been paid in certain cases stipulated in the clause. The clauses are in tune with the current debate on aligning the compensation of board members with a sustainable and long-term corporate success. The starting point of the examination is the indeterminacy of the regulations relating to clawback clauses in the German Stock Corporation Act after ARUG II. The thesis aims to provide a comprehensive analysis of the legal challenges pertaining to clawback clauses at the intersection of corporate law, labor law and general terms and conditions law.
Bürgerliches Vermögensrecht
Authors: Deckenbrock Christian , Höpfner Clemens
Published: April 2022

Unternehmen haben im Alltag oft mit Rechtsfragen zu tun. Das Lehrbuch vermittelt Wirtschaftswissenschaftlern und sonstigen Studierenden, die nicht das juristische Staatsexamen anstreben, das hierfür nötige Grundwissen, vermeidet es aber, sie mit juristischer Dogmatik zu strapazieren. Der Stoff wird komprimiert dargestellt. Zahlreiche Kontrollfragen ermöglichen die selbständige Nacharbeit. So werden auch juristisch nicht vorgebildete Laien befähigt, Rechtsfragen des Unternehmensalltags selbst kompetent zu beurteilen. Die Neuauflage befindet sich auf dem Stand von Januar 2022 und berücksichtigt insbesondere das zum Jahresbeginn in Kraft getretene Gesetz zur Regelung des Verkaufs von Sachen mit digitalen Elementen und anderer Aspekte des Kaufvertrags. Eingearbeitet sind aber auch alle weiteren Rechtsänderungen, wie sie etwa durch das Gesetz für faire Verbraucherverträge sowie durch das Gesetz zur Umsetzung der Digitalisierungsrichtlinie erfolgt sind.
Das Recht auf verbalen Gegenschlag
Authors: Buschmann Almuth
Published: April 2022

The German Federal Constitutional Court developed the “right to a verbal counterstrike” in a limited number of decisions. It describes the possibility for one party to be able to react adequately to a cause, a “strike”, with a statement, or “counterstrike”, under statutes protecting freedom of expression. The conditions under which such a right is granted has been handled inconsistently by German case law thus far.

The dissertation analyzes the dogmatic basis, elaborates on the concrete contours, and discusses the limits of the right to a verbal counterstrike. Due to its compensatory effect, the right to a counterstrike offers genuine legal protection in light of commonly insufficient judicial protection of personality rights.
After Parmenides
Authors: Mourelatos Alexander P. D.
Published: April 2022

This set of previously published essays—several of them now expanded and revised—offers a sustained analysis of conceptual connections between (i) the metaphysics and epistemology of Parmenides and (ii) corresponding themes in the philosophies of other pre-Socratics. The book's central part explores how the early philosophers of Greece became progressively sensitized to the importance of such concepts as "form", "type", "structure", "arrangement". This developed in large measure because such concepts, importing as they do plurality and differentiation, are inherently problematic for Parmenides. The book's central part may thus be read as an account of the "discovery of Form" in early Greek philosophy.
Molecular Genetic Mechanisms in Cancers of Keratinocytic Origin
Authors: Gürsel Ürün Yildiz
Published: April 2022

Keratinocytic cancers (KC) comprise a group of diseases that have a broad spectrum clinically and pathologically. At one end of the spectrum are benign proliferations (acanthomas), and at the other end are malignant tumors with aggressive growth and metastatic potential. Traditionally, about 80% of KC cases have basal cell carcinoma (BCC) and 20% have cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma (cSCC). Both tumors have different phenotypic features due to different oncogenic pathways. cSCC is biologically different and requires a different approach due to the higher risk of local recurrence, metastasis and death. Genetic factors play an important role in the development of KC. Family and family history studies, the presence of KC as a feature of rare hereditary syndromes, and genetic association studies give us clues in this regard. More than 20 genetic syndromes associated with KC have been described. Some syndromes are associated with multiple BCC, some with multiple cSCC, and some with both BCC and cSCC. Environmental risk factors include exposure to ultraviolet light radiation and immunosuppression in both tumors. Exposure to ionizing radiation is most common in BCC, while smoking and photosensitive drug use are among the environmental risk factors for cSCC. Molecular, epidemiological, and clinical studies will help better understand the cellular processes involved in tumorigenesis, and develop new strategies for treating and preventing KCs.
Editor’s Corner
Authors: Castle Jennifer
Published: April 2022

Greetings! My name is Jennifer Castle. I’m the government documents librarian at Tennessee State University, an HBCU in Nashville, and your new DttP editor. I’m excited to work with everyone to contribute to scholarly conversations on government information.
This Is Who We Were
Authors: Vladoiu Megan
Published: April 2022

This Is Who We Were is a fourteen-volume series documenting what life was like throughout American history. The first volume, This Is Who We Were: A Companion to the 1940 Census was published in 2012, and covers life in the 1930s, leading up to the 1940 Census. The most recent volume, This Is Who We Were: In the 2010s, was published in 2020. Each volume follows a similar outline: personal profiles; historical snapshots; economy of the time; “All Around Us—What We Saw, Wrote, Read & Listened To”; and Census summary and comparison data. After the first volume, which was essentially “in the 1930s,” the series takes on primarily a decade-by-decade format, with subsequent volumes covering 1880-1889, the 1910s, 1920s, 1940s, 1950s, 1960s, 1970s, 1980s, 1990s, 2000s, and 2010s. The two remaining volumes broke from the single decade format, with one covering the 1900s and the other Colonial America (1492–1775).
Cartographic Treasures in the Records of the Supreme Court of the United States
Authors: Sleeman William
Published: April 2022

As many government information librarians know, maps can be found in official publications and documents from just about every type of government agency but as often as we come across them in the expected places there are just as many sources, as historian and cartographer Bill Rankin suggests, of sometimes-stunning maps, plats and images that remain largely unexplored. Often providing crucial context, these maps are usually overlooked once an issue has passed from the news, as they are subordinate to the document or report that they were created to support. This article will introduce one of these unexplored resources: the Records and Briefs of the Supreme Court of the United States. A familiar resource for information about the Supreme Court, the records and briefs are rarely thought of as a resource for cartographic or other visual information yet the historical records and briefs abound with this material.
ALA Midwinter GODORT Committee Highlights
Authors: Round Table Government Documents
Published: April 2022

Cataloging Committee SummaryProgram Committee Highlights
Revising Word Problems to Address UDL and Standards
Authors: Brown Noah , Bostic Jonathan D. , Folger Timothy , Folger Laura , Hicks Tiara , Nafziger Shay
Published: April 2022

Mathematics assessments should allow all students opportunities to demonstrate their knowledge and skills as problem solvers. Looking at textbook word problems, we share a process for revising them using Universal Design for Learning.
¿Cómo puede incidir en la Economía Social el vector de digitalización de los fondos de recuperación?
Authors: Palomo Zurdo Ricardo J. , Isabel Dopacio Cristina
Published: April 2022

En este trabajo se describen los componentes y ejes de actuación del Plan de Recuperación, Transformación y Resiliencia (PRTR) y el posible destino de los fondos que comprende, con especial incidencia en sectores particularmente significativos en el ámbito de la economía social y de las empresas de participación, como es el caso del medio agropecuario. Precisamente, se valora la oportunidad de utilización de estos fondos para proyectos vinculados al medio rural y con un vector de digitalización preponderante. La adopción de tecnologías como la inteligencia artificial, la conectividad IoT, la computación en la nube o las propiedades de trazabilidad de blockchain pueden constituir un revulsivo para afrontar, también, una evolución, transición, e incluso, una revolución hacia un entorno “Agro 4.0” en similitud con la actual conceptualización de la denominada Industria 4.0. Aunque los fondos europeos no distinguen ni parcelan entre formas jurídicas; sí procede analizar los fondos destinados a algunos de los sectores donde la economía social tiene mayor representatividad en España y, particularmente, el caso del sector agrícola por sus múltiples implicaciones de carácter económico-social, como la cuestión de la despoblación (la España Vaciada), la preservación medioambiental, la fijación de empleo en el medio rural y otras áreas derivadas.
Digitalization of the Russian ruble. Introduction of a new form of Russian currency.
Authors: Alekseenko Aleksandr Petrovich , Mungalov Aleksandr Vital'evich
Published: April 2022

The subject of the study is the concept of the Central Bank of Russia on the digitalization of the Russian ruble. The object of the study is the digital ruble in the civil law system of the Russian Federation. The authors consider in detail such aspects of the topic under study, namely: the place of the digital ruble among the traction objects of civil law, analyzing the digital ruble through the prism of "digital currencies" legalized by Federal Law No. 259-FZ of 31.07.2020. The authors pay special attention to the legal assessment of the "digital ruble" and try to analyze whether the digital ruble will be a new object of civil law or the digitalization of the national currency is just a new form of the Russian ruble. The main conclusions of the authors are that the digital ruble by its legal nature is a new form of expression of the Russian ruble. The digital transformation of the national currency does not change its essence, the monoobject of civil rights – money - remains, while acquiring a new way of expression through information technology. Within the framework of this study, the authors found that the current legislation in the field of regulation of digital assets, in particular Federal Law No. 259-FZ of 31.07.2020, requires changes in the definition of "digital currency" or explanations from the legislator regarding the ratio of "digital ruble" and "digital currency".
Research of problems and development of ways to solve them in the formation and development of a comfortable living environment for the elderly
Authors: Tolochko Olga Romanovna , Saenko Irina Aleksandrovna
Published: April 2022

The subject of the study is the elements of the system of formation and development of a comfortable living environment for the elderly. The object of the study is the comfort of the living environment for the elderly. The methodological basis of the research is a set of methods of scientific cognition: comparison, systematization, grouping, tabular visualization of data, generalization, as well as a sociological survey of residents of the city of Krasnoyarsk. The methodological base made it possible to achieve the goal, which was to identify and concretize the problems that arise in the process of forming and developing a comfortable living environment for the elderly, as well as to develop directions for their successful solution. The article highlights aspects of the formation and development of a comfortable living environment for the elderly, based on the assessment of the quality of the living environment using international and domestic assessment tools. The conducted research made it possible to identify and concretize the problems, the consideration of which and the development of appropriate urban planning and organizational and managerial decisions are necessary in the process of forming and developing a comfortable living environment for the elderly. The scheme of solving the identified problems of the formation of the comfort of the living environment for the elderly is determined, which is based on a combination of two directions: urban planning and organizational and managerial.
Automated information system for testing helicopters equipped with night vision systems based on diagnostics of the functional state of the crew
Authors: Soldatov Aleksei Sergeevich , Maslov Sergei Vladimirovich , Kukushkin Yurii Aleksandrovich
Published: April 2022

The subject of the study is the problem of ensuring optimal conditions for interaction between humans and aviation equipment in the interests of ensuring its safe operation, which has recently become more acute. Based on studies of the pilot's activity obtained during flight tests of helicopters equipped with night vision goggles, it is shown that the use of night vision goggles imposes special requirements on the organization of attention distribution, spatial orientation and is accompanied by an increase in the level of nervous and emotional tension. The main results of foreign developers on the improvement of night vision systems related to the introduction of technical vision systems on helicopters are described. It is proved that for an objective examination of such systems in flight tests, it is necessary to create a special automated information system. The developed automated information system provides the collection and processing of flight information during flight tests using intelligent sensors for monitoring and recording the biometrics of crew members and an image recognition system. It will allow recording, processing and accumulating flight and psychophysiological information in real test flights during the implementation of the entire flight test program, providing specialists in the field of aviation medicine and ergonomics with objective quantitative characteristics of the studied parameters when testing promising night vision systems of combat helicopters. It is shown that the introduction of modern information technologies into the process of testing aviation equipment allows objectively and with high accuracy to analyze and evaluate the content and psychophysiological structure of the pilot's activity based on a comparison of changes in flight parameters, the movement of controls, the direction of the pilot's gaze and his psychophysiological characteristics and recommend for practical use specific variants of night vision systems.