bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The concept, design and experimental evaluation of an acoustic sub-seabed interrogator, Volume I and II
Authors: Guigne J Y
Published: December 2011

This research study is centered around the design and experimental development of a unique subbottom profiler concept called an "Acoustic Sub-seabed Interrogator" (acronym ASI). The objectives behind the concept deal with the creation of a remote sensing probe
that is capable of interrogating complex lithologies of a seabed. Through its use, it should become possible to precisely map and interpret variations found within sedimentary sequences, especially within complex sediment mixtures typical of glacial drift deposits and of permafrost structures. The
concept of the ASI revolves around the optimization of lateral and temporal components which define the criterion of resolution. The ASI amalgamates fully the benefits of a terminated Parametric Source while operating in a stationary mode. The parametric approach provides an ease in manipulating a
wide band of frequencies, while the stationary base allows for geometrical manipulations of the transmitters and receiving arrays. An optimized acoustic propagation of an ASI signal travelling within a structurally complex sediment model was theoretically appraised in terms of Signal-to-Noise Ratio
and Signal-to-Reverberation Ratio. The theoretical modelling also concentrated on developing an interrogation ability to extract sub-seabed information from the returning signals. A product called the "Acoustic Core" was created. The logic of the core design controls the cross correlation routines
envisioned for the ASI. The Hilbert Transform was integrated into the logic. The results obtained in the experimental simulations support the ASI philosophy and highlight the versatility of the "Acoustic Core". Although scaled the simulations are considered representative; providing a sensitive test
of the ideas as they apply to one of the worst scanning cases; a glacial till matrix. An indepth insight into the model's physical and spatial variations wa$ attained by directing the interrogations on the acoustic properties of velocity and of absorption. Their statistical distribution emphasized
the depositional processes that were involved in the creation of the layer. It is believed that the fundamental internal information defined by the ASI for the pseudo till structure and illustrated in the "Acoustic Core" cannot be attained using existing geophysical and geotechnical techniques.
Finally, the "Acoustic Sub-seabed Interrogator''may provide a means of defining a first estimate of the elastic nature of soils from its calibrated acoustic response. It is hypothesized that the correlation of attenuation data with rigidity may establish an indirect but precise mensuration of
shear-wave velocity.
Non-separable bidimensional wavelet bases
Authors: Cohen Albert , Daubechies Ingrid
Published: December 2011

We build orthonormal and biorthogonal wavelet bases of

L^2(\mathbb R^2)

with dilation matrices of determinant 2. As for the one dimensional case, our construction uses a scaling function which solves a two-scale difference equation associated to a FIR filter. Our wavelets are generated from a single cornpactly supported mother function. However, the regularity of these functions cannot be derived by the same approach as in the one dimensional case. We review existing techniques to evaluate the regularity of wavelets, and we introduce new methods which allow to estimate the smoothness of non-separable wavelets and scaling functions in the most general situations. We illustrate these with several examples.
Wiener-Hopf integral operators with $PC$ symbols on spaces with Muckenhoupt weight
Authors: Böttcher Albrecht , Spitkovsky Ilya
Published: December 2011

We describe the spectrum and the essential spectrum and give an index formula for Wiener-Hopf integral operators with piecewise continuous symbols on the space

L^P (\mathbb R_+, \omega)

with a Muckenhoupt weight

\omega

. Our main result says that the essential spectrum is a set resulting from the essential range of the symbol by joining the two endpoints of each jump by a certain sickle-shaped domain, whose shape is completely determined by the value of

p

and the behavior of the weight

\omega

at the origin and at infinity.
Further pseudodifferential operators generating Feller semigroups and Dirichlet forms
Authors: Jacob Niels
Published: December 2011

We prove for a large class of symmetric pseudo differential operators that they generate a Feller semigroup and therefore a Dirichlet form. Our construction uses the Yosida-Hille-Ray Theorem and a priori estimates in anisotropic Sobolev spaces. Using these a priori estimates it is possible to obtain further information about the stochastic process associated with the Dirichlet form under consideration.
The Receptivity to and the Feasibility of Patient Education for Patients of Private Practice, Primary Care Physicians
Authors: Greenberg Jerrold S. , Hale Janet Fraser
Published: December 2011

This article describes a study of the receptivity to and the feasibility of a patient education service for patients of private practice, primary care physicians. A stratified (by medical specialty), random sample of 400 private practice, primary care physicians in the State of Maryland was selected from the State medical society roster. In addition, a random sample of 800 health care consumers was selected from a listing of residents in a five county area of Maryland. Questionnaires were developed, pilot tested, revised, and eventually mailed to the physician and consumer samples. Completed questionnaires were obtained from 140 physicians and from 314 consumers. Results indicated that both physicians and consumers were receptive to patient education in the private practice medical setting. Based upon the findings, recommendations are offered regarding the manner in which patient education in a private practice medical setting should be organized.
Employee Stress Claims: Increasing Implications for Health Promotion Programming
Authors: Donatelle Rebecca J. , Hawkins Michele J.
Published: December 2011

Characterized as “the Nation's fastest growing occupational disease” by the National Council on Compensation Insurance, stress has become a major issue for corporate leaders today. With the recent rise in high cost stress claims, organizations have become interested in preventing potential stress problems. This article discusses types of stress claims, individual and occupational risks, reasons given for filing claims, efforts aimed at prevention, and future outlooks. Finally, the implications for health promotion programming in providing a multi-dimensional approach to preventing the physical, psychological and economic impact of stress, are discussed.
Worksite Health Promotion: Feasibility Testing of Repeated Weight Control and Smoking Cessation Classes
Authors: Jeffery Robert W. , Forster Jean L. , Schmid Thomas L.
Published: December 2011

This paper describes a study examining the feasibility of a worksite health promotion program that was repeated twice in one year. Weight control and smoking cessation classes, which included a supporting incentive component, were made available at a worksite of 485 white-collar employees continuously throughout one year. Identical education programs were offered twice at six-month intervals. Results suggest that this model of program implementation is attractive to employees. Total participation over 12 months included an estimated 53% of overweight employees in the weight program and 23 % of smokers in the smoking cessation program. The two series of classes, run back to back, generated similar participation. Thirty-nine percent of weight control participants and six percent of smoking cessation participants who enrolled in the first program also enrolled in the second. Weight losses and smoking cessation rates were comparable for the two cycles, with a mean weight loss of about seven pounds and a smoking cessation rate at six months of about 33%. Surveys of a random sample of employees at baseline and again at 12 months showed a 28% reduction in the prevalence of cigarette smoking, but no change in average weight or the prevalence of overweight. This study suggests that health promotion programs at worksites which offer repeated opportunities for employee participation are promising and deserve further study.
The influence of cultural and social factors on healthy lifestyle of Arabic women
Authors: Donnelly Tam
Truong , Al
Suwaidi Jassim , Al Bulushi Asma , Al Enazi Noora , Yassin Khadra , Rehman Asma Mohammad , Hassan Asmaa Abu , Idris Zeinab
Published: December 2011

Cardiovascular diseases are the leading cause of mortality and morbidity globally. Similar to other Western and Gulf countries, the incidence of cardiovascular disease and coronary artery diseases such as acute myocardial infarction is rising rapidly in Qatar. Diabetes mellitus, smoking, and hypertension are the most common risk factors causing acute myocardial infarction, congestive heart failure, and stroke. Additionally, obesity resulting from physical inactivity and unhealthy diet can lead to metabolic changes and raise the risk of heart diseases. Studies show that these health problems can be prevented and/or controlled by modifying lifestyle risk behaviours related to physical activity, diet, and smoking habits. The ultimate goal of this study was to find ways to effectively promote cardiovascular/coronary artery disease prevention and management activities among Qatari women by exploring factors affecting the ways in which Qatari women (citizen and resident Arabic women) participate in physical activities, healthy diet and smoking. An exploratory qualitative research approach using a semi-structured questionnaire consisting of open-ended questions was used in this study. Study participants included 50 Qatari women, 30 years of age and over, having a confirmed diagnosis of coronary vascular disease /coronary artery diseases. Results showed that socio-cultural factors play a key role in Qatari women’s decisions to participate in healthy lifestyles. Counselling and guidance for patients by health care providers, especially physicians, regarding smoking cessation, weight loss, and exercise should be key interventions to modify lifestyle behaviors among cardiac patients.
Transition Metal-Doped Lithium Titanium Oxide Nanoparticles Made Using Flame Spray Pyrolysis
Authors: Karhunen T. , Lähde A. , Leskinen J. , Büchel R. , Waser O. , Tapper U. , Jokiniemi J.
Published: December 2011

Defect spinel phase lithium titanate (Li4Ti5O12) has been suggested
as a promising negative electrode material for next generation lithium ion batteries. However, it suffers from low electrical
conductivity. To overcome this problem conduction path length can be reduced by decreasing the primary particle size. Alternatively
the bulk conductivity of Li4Ti5O12 can be increased by doping it with a conductive additive. In this paper a steady, single-step gas-phase technique for lithium titanate synthesis that combines both approaches is described. The process is used to produce
doped Li4Ti5O12 nanoparticles with primary particle size of only 10 nm. The product is found to consist of single-crystalline nanoparticles with high phase and elemental purity. Two dopant materials are tested and found to behave very differently. The silver dopant forms a separate phase of nanometre-sized particles of metallic silver which agglomerate with Li4Ti5O12. The copper
dopant, on the other hand, reacts with the lithium titanate to form a double spinel phase of Li3(Li1−2xCu3xTi5−x)O12.
Multipath Pipelined Polyphase Structures for FIR Interpolation and Decimation in MIMO OFDM Systems
Authors: Zhang Zhen-dong , Wu Bin , Zhou Yu-mei
Published: December 2011

The combination of multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) signal processing with orthogonal frequency-division multiplexing (OFDM) technique is one favored solution in wireless communication systems for enhancing data rate. However, the computational complexity is also linear increased with the number of data streams. Generally, multiple finite impulse response (FIR) interpolations and decimations are added to solve the multiple data streams in a MIMO OFDM system, which cause a large increase in the hardware cost. In this paper, two multipath pipelined polyphase structures for FIR interpolation and decimation to efficiently deal with the simultaneous multiple data streams are proposed. According to the proposed structures, M simultaneous data streams can be supported in the M-component polyphase interpolation or decimation with only one set of computation units. Implementation examples show that up to 56% reduction of silicon area can be obtained over the traditional polyphase structures.
The Safe Drinking Water Act: Current and Future
Authors: Cotruvo Joseph A.
Published: December 2011

Rather than stretching to try to regulate components of marginal concern, fixing and maintaining infrastructure and reducing leaks, backflow, cross connections, and contamination in distribution systems should be the priorities of the drinking water delivery community.
Examining the benefits of effective public outreach
Authors: Economides John A. , Tennyson Patricia A. , Mulroy Patricia
Published: December 2011

Many, if not most, water utilities across the country are struggling with gaining and maintaining community support for important and necessary infrastructure projects. These projects are often associated with a rate increase, and rate increases aren't that popular these days. So how can utilities move forward with needed projects? Three water industry professionals have provided their thoughts on this issue from the perspective of a general manager, an engineer, and a public outreach practitioner.
Numeric Nutrient Criteria for Surface Waters: Coming to a Neighborhood Near You
Authors: Charles James E. , Flowers Wayne E.
Published: December 2011

Since 1996, the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (USEPA) has pushed the states to adopt numeric nutrient criteria (NNC) for surface waters. This effort stems from the agency's belief that nutrient pollution causes harmful algal blooms that produce toxins harmful to both humans and animals and that deplete oxygen in water bodies.
Four Critical Trends in the Future of Water
Authors: Maxwell Steve
Published: December 2011

In his book The Future of Water, published by AWWA last year, Steve Maxwell examined the future of different types of water use and consumption. In this detailed analysis and evaluation, Maxwell identified four key issues or recommendations that may characterize the future of water consumption. This article provides an overview of these four key issues.
Standby Power Generation: A Key Part of an Emergency Plan
Authors: Thompson Phil
Published: December 2011

After a disaster, water providers are called on to restore services quickly, a task that requires a reliable source of power. As such, standby power generation should be a key component of any water utility's emergency operations plan, regardless of its size.
Unannounced Visits from Environmental Regulators, Part 1: Planning Ahead with an REIIP
Authors: Fiveash John L. , Steinmeyer Edwin A.
Published: December 2011

Most experienced water or industrial facility managers can sense when it is “about time” for a state or federal inspection on any number of permitted activities. For most facility directors, managers, and employees, the reaction to routine inspections comes from years of experience and is dealt with in an efficient and sometimes choreographed manner.
Political pay
Authors: Rhodes P. J.
Published: December 2011

Stipends for the performance of civic duties were introduced first inathensin the middle of the fifth centurybceand subsequently in some other states, to make it easier for poorer men who were eligible to devote some of their time to public service (while not being so generous as to be more attractive than other means of earning one's living). Probably the first instance of this was payment for service on Athenian juries (which was open even to the poorest citizens: [Arist.] Ath.Pol. 63.3), introduced byperikles, probably in the 450sbce([Arist.] Ath. Pol. 27.3–4); payment for service in the council of five hundred (seeboule) and in various offices followed, probably before the beginning of thepeloponnesian warin 431bce(it is attested in 411bce: Thuc. 8.67.3, 69.4). Payment for attending the assembly was added ca. 400bce, probably with the intention of strengthening the democracy after the recent periods of oligarchic rule ([Arist.] Ath. Pol. 41.3). Some scholars think that not all the offices that were salaried in the fifth century were still salaried in the fourth, but this depends on an insecure argument from silence (in favor, Hansen 1979; 1971–80; against, Gabrielsen 1981). By the 330s/320sbcemost payments had been increased, in line with inflation; but the pay for jurors, increased bykleonin the 420sbcefrom an original 2 obols to 3 obols (Ar.Eq. 797–800, schol.Vesp. 88 [emended], 300), had not been further increased ([Arist.]Ath. Pol. 62.2).
Perpetua
Authors: Lefkowitz Mary R.
Published: December 2011

Born around 183ce, Vibia Perpetua was martyred along with her slave Felicitas and other Christians in the amphitheater at Carthage on March 7, 203, during games celebrating the birthday of Geta, son of the emperor Septimius Severus. who had banned conversion to either Judaism or Christianity during the previous year (Scriptores Historiae Augustae Sev. 17.1).
Risk (Management)
Authors: Kehoe Dennis
Published: December 2011

As is the case in any period of history, economic activity in the ancient world was subject to substantial risk, and its management was essential to safeguarding the welfare and security of individuals and families. Moreover, the proper allocation of risk in business activities provided incentives for people to enter into productive contractual arrangements. Put differently, if either party in a business arrangement bore risks for the other's failure out of proportion to the potential gain, then he would have little incentive to engage in such an enterprise.
Administration, Ptolemaic Egypt
Authors: Verhoogt Arthur
Published: December 2011

The administration of Ptolemaic Egypt was an amalgam of Egyptian, Saite, Persian, and Greek administrative practices.
Family, Jewish
Authors: Satlow Michael L.
Published: December 2011

Throughout antiquity, there was little that could be called distinctively “Jewish” about families of Jews. The Hebrew Bible contains few prescriptions about family life, and although the evidence is sparse, Jewish family structures appear largely to have been similar to those of the wider cultures in which Jews often lived. This is not, however, to say that there were no instances in which Jews marked their family structures or practices as loci of Jewish identity, distinct from prevailing norms.
Marriage, sacred, Greece and Rome
Authors: Holland Lora L.
Published: December 2011

The possibility of sexual union with the divine has been entertained in a significant number of world cultures. Such unions are usually (re)enacted between humans or with mortals who are assimilated to the divine. The divine union of the gods serves as the model for the human plane; for example, the sexual union of Shiva and his Shakti in the Hindu religion is reflected in some aspects of tantric ritual. In ancient Greece, a variety of rituals, festivals, and myths celebrate sacred marriage, and Böhm (1990) argues that the depiction of naked goddesses provides visual evidence for thehieros gamos(sacred marriage, sexual union or wedding) in early Greek art. In ancient Rome, however, the evidence for such ideas in native myth and ritual is less certain.
Antinoos
Authors: Jones Christopher
Published: December 2011

Antinoos, now mainly remembered as Hadrian's young male companion and as the subject of portraits in stone and on coins, was born between 105 and 110CEon the territory of Bithynion, a moderately sized city of Bithynia in northwestern Asia Minor. Nothing is known of his parents or social status, or of the date when he first met Hadrian. Antinoos appeared in the emperor's entourage and joined him in his favorite sport of hunting but is not recorded to have had any interaction with any other member of the court. Though Hadrian had strained relations with his wife, Sabina, there is no evidence that they were caused by his connection with Antinoos.
Technology, Egyptian
Authors: Nicholson Paul T.
Published: December 2011

In its broadest sense, “technology” encompasses the means by which an object is produced, and is sometimes defined as the science of “mechanical and industrial arts” It does not imply anything about the level of sophistication of those means. Egyptian technology is relatively simple, and lacks, for most of pharaonic history, iron.
Mechanistic insights into methanol‐to‐olefin reaction on an α‐Mn2O3 nanocrystal catalyst
Authors: Xu Jing , Ouyang Like , Luo Yan , Xu Xi‐Meng , Yang Zhen , Zhang Chengxi , Gong Jinlong , Han Yi‐Fan
Published: December 2011

The synthesis and utilization of an α‐Mn2O3 nanocrystal catalyst for methanol‐to‐olefin reaction is described. A methanol conversion of 35% and a maximum selectivity of 80% toward ethylene were obtained at 250°C. In particular, formaldehyde, a primary intermediate for the reaction, was used to produce ethylene via a coupling reaction. A conversion of 45% and a selectivity of 66% to ethylene were achieved at 150°C in a formaldehyde stream. In situ diffuse reflectance infrared Fourier transform spectra reveal the formation of the surface CH2‐containing species during reaction, which implies that the main pathway for formaldehyde coupling is probably through interactions of those intermediates. In addition, the weakly adsorbed oxygen on the α‐Mn2O3 nanocrystal surface was found to play an important role in this reaction. © 2012 American Institute of Chemical Engineers AIChE J, 2012
Influence of nanosilica on the morphology, thermal and mechanical properties of polyurethane elastomer
Authors: Lučić Blagojević Sanja , Buhin Zrinka , Pustak Anđela , Lukić Kovačić Ružica
Published: December 2011

In this article, the influence of fumed silica nanofiller on the structure and properties of segmented polyurethane elastomer (PUR) was investigated. In order to investigate the interactions at the filler–matrix interface, nonmodified and commercially modified fillers (with methacrylsilane and octylsilane) were used. The PUR composites with 1.0, 2.0, 4.0, 6.0, and 9.0 vol % of all fillers were prepared by solution casting method. Surface free energy of the fillers and polymer matrix was determined using contact angle measurements with different testing liquids. Change in morphology was analyzed using optical polarization microscopy and distribution of the filler in polymer matrix using scanning electron microscopy. The influences of silica fillers on mechanical and thermal properties of PUR were investigated. Results showed that surface treatment of silica filler with methacrylsilane and octylsilane reduces the agglomeration of particles that improves dispersion at microlevel. Addition of all fillers disrupts spherulite morphology and decreases crystallinity of the PUR matrix. Nonmodified silica nanofiller has the least pronounced influence on spherulite morphology and the lowest influence on polyurethane crystallinity and thus the best mechanical properties. Surface modification of silica with octylsilane has less influence on polyurethane crystallinity and on decreasing of mechanical properties than modification with methacrylsilane. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2012
ChemInform Abstract: Structural Studies Coupling X‐Ray Diffraction and High‐Energy X‐Ray Scattering in the UO22+—HBraq System.
Authors: Wilson Richard E. , Skanthakumar S. , Cahill C. L. , Soderholm L.
Published: December 2011

The structural chemistry of uranium(VI) in conc.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis and Characterization of the Phosphorus Triazides OP(N3)3 and SP(N3)3.
Authors: Zeng Xiaoqing , Bernhardt Eduard , Beckers Helmut , Willner Helge
Published: December 2011

The two explosive compounds (II) and (IV) can be handled in gas, liquid, and solid states in submillimolar quantities.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis, Structure and Magnetism of a 2‐D Organic—Inorganic Hybrid Tetra‐Co(II)‐Substituted Sandwich‐Type Keggin Germanotungstate: {[Co(dap)2(H2O)]2 [Co(dap)2]2 [Co4(Hdap)2 (B‐α‐HGeW9O34)2]}·7 H2O.
Authors: Chen Lijuan , Shi Dongying , Zhao Junwei , Wang Yulong , Ma Pengtao , Niu Jingyang
Published: December 2011

The title compound (dap: 1,2‐diaminopropane) is hydrothermally synthesized from a mixture of K8Na2[A‐α‐GeW9O34], CoCl2, PrCl3, dap, H2O, and glacial acetic acid (autoclave, 160 °C, 7 d, 37% yield).
ChemInform Abstract: Tandem Catalytic Allylic Amination and [2,3]‐Stevens Rearrangement of Tertiary Amines.
Authors: Soheili Arash , Tambar Uttam K.
Published: December 2011

Allylic carbonates and tertiary amine nucleophiles undergo palladium‐catalyzed formation of ammonium ylides which subsequently rearrange to amino acid derivatives or complex α‐amino ketones with unprecedented levels of diastereocontrol.
ChemInform Abstract: New Example of a Dihydrothiazine—Thiazoline Rearrangement in the Bromination of 4‐Allyl‐5‐methyl‐1,2,4‐triazole‐3‐thione.
Authors: Kim D. G. , Il'inykh E. S.
Published: December 2011

The thiazolo[3,1‐b]thiazinium salt (III) is probably the result of a dihydrothiazine‐thiazoline rearrangement proceeding via intermediary thiiranium ion formation.
ChemInform Abstract: Electron Transfer Reduction of Unactivated Esters Using SmI2—H2O.
Authors: Szostak Michal , Spain Malcolm , Procter David J.
Published: December 2011

Optimal reaction conditions are established for the hitherto not reported conversion of esters into corresponding alcohols using SmI2 in the presence of water.
ChemInform Abstract: Stereospecific Palladium‐Catalyzed Decarboxylative C(sp3)—C(sp2) Coupling of 2,5‐Cyclohexadiene‐1‐carboxylic Acid Derivatives with Aryl Iodides.
Authors: Chou Chih‐Ming , Chatterjee Indranil , Studer Armido
Published: December 2011

Palladium‐catalyzed decarboxylative arylation of 2,5‐cyclohexadiene‐1‐carboxylic acids (I) with aryl iodides proceeds smoothly to give 5‐arylated 1,3‐cyclohexadienes (III) in good yields.
ChemInform Abstract: PBu3‐Mediated Vinylogous Wittig Reaction of α‐Methyl Allenoates with Aldehydes and Mechanistic Investigations.
Authors: Xu Silong , Chen Rongshun , He Zhengjie
Published: December 2011

Slow addition of allenoates of type (I) to aldehydes and α,β‐unsaturated aldehydes in the presence of PBu3 allows facile and highly stereoselective access to trisubstituted 1,3‐dienes and 1,3,5‐trienes.
ChemInform Abstract: Alum [KAl(SO4)2·12H2O]: An Efficient, Novel, Clean, Catalyst for Doebner—Knoevenagel Reaction for the Efficient Production of α,β‐Unsaturated Acids.
Authors: Suresh Suresh , Kumar Dhruva , Sandhu Jagir S.
Published: December 2011

The method is fairly general and applicable to heterocyclic aldehydes such as (IV) and (VI).
ChemInform Abstract: Rapid and Highly Efficient Trimethylsilylation of Alcohols and Phenols with Hexamethyldisilazane (HMDS) Catalyzed by in situ Generated I2 Using Oxone®/KI or Cerium Ammonium Nitrate (CAN)/KI Systems under Mild Conditions.
Authors: Kolvari Eskandar , Khazaei Ardeshir , Zolfigol Mohammad Ali , Koukabi Nadiya , Gilandoust Maryam , Bakhit Neda
Published: December 2011

Structurally diverse alcohols and phenols are trimethylsilylated conveniently using iodine generated in situ from CAN/KI or Oxone/KI systems as catalyst.
ChemInform Abstract: Ti/Pd‐Promoted Intramolecular Michael‐Type Addition of Allylic Carboxylates to Activated Alkenes.
Authors: Millan Alba , Martin‐Lasanta Ana , Miguel Delia , Alvarez de Cienfuegos Luis , Cuerva Juan M.
Published: December 2011

Besides carbonates, acetates and benzoate work as leaving group, too.
ChemInform Abstract: Metal‐Free Aerobic Oxidative Coupling of Amines to Imines.
Authors: Liu Lianghui , Zhang Siyu , Fu Xuefeng , Yan Chun‐Hua
Published: December 2011

Optimal reaction conditions are established for the catalyst‐free transformation of amines (IV) into imines (V) and (VII) in aqueous media.
ChemInform Abstract: Silanol: A Traceless Directing Group for Pd‐Catalyzed o‐Alkenylation of Phenols.
Authors: Huang Chunhui , Chattopadhyay Buddhadeb , Gevorgyan Vladimir
Published: December 2011

Novel and effective di‐tert‐butyl‐silanol is effective as a directing group.
ChemInform Abstract: New Binuclear Pd(II) Thioamide Complexes for the Heck Reaction of Aryl Bromides.
Authors: Raja Mathiyazhagan Ulaganatha , Ramesh Rengan , Liu Yu
Published: December 2011

PTA is found to be an efficient catalyst to yield (E)‐olefins (III).
ChemInform Abstract: An Efficient and Recyclable Magnetic‐Nanoparticle‐Supported Palladium Catalyst for the Suzuki Coupling Reactions of Organoboronic Acids with Alkynyl Bromides.
Authors: Zhang Xiuli , Li Pinhua , Ji Yong , Zhang Lei , Wang Lei
Published: December 2011

The procedure allows the use of various aliphatic and aromatic alkynes as well as different types of boron substrates to prepare symmetrical and unsymmetrical acetylenes.
ChemInform Abstract: Deprotonative Metalation of Aromatic Compounds by Using an Amino‐Based Lithium Cuprate.
Authors: Nguyen Tan Tai , Marquise Nada , Chevallier Floris , Mongin Florence
Published: December 2011

An effective protocol using lithium cuprates, based on the reaction with [(TMP)2CuLi], generated in situ, is disclosed.
ChemInform Abstract: Direct Transformation of N,N‐Dimethylformamide to —CN: Pd‐Catalyzed Cyanation of Heteroarenes via C—H Functionalization.
Authors: Ding Shengtao , Jiao Ning
Published: December 2011

The reaction applies DMF as a nitrile source and a solvent and the oxygen atmosphere is crucial.
ChemInform Abstract: Highly Diastereo‐ and Enantioselective NHC‐Catalyzed [3 + 2] Annulation of Enals and Isatins.
Authors: Sun Li‐Hui , Shen Li‐Tao , Ye Song
Published: December 2011

A series of spirocyclic lactones (III) is prepared with good diastereo‐ and enantioselectivities by reaction of isatins (I) with enals (II) in the presence of a chiral N‐heterocyclic carbene.
ChemInform Abstract: Recyclable Graphite Oxide Catalyzed Friedel—Crafts Addition of Indoles to α,β‐Unsaturated Ketones.
Authors: Kumar A. Vijay , Rao K. Rama
Published: December 2011

The process is also successful with nitrostyrenes.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis and Biological Evaluation of Mannich Bases of Benzimidazole Derivatives.
Authors: Mariappan G. , Bhuyan N. R. , Kumar Pradep , Kumar Deepak , Murali K.
Published: December 2011

Several compounds display an effective anti‐inflammatory and analgesic response.
ChemInform Abstract: One‐Pot Approach for the Synthesis of 2‐Aryl Benzothiazoles via a Two‐Component Coupling of gem‐Dibromomethylarenes and o‐Aminothiophenols.
Authors: Siddappa Chandrappa , Kambappa Vinaya , Umashankara Muddegowda , Rangappa Kanchugarakoppal S.
Published: December 2011

The convenient procedure allows the preparation of various title compounds in good yields.
ChemInform Abstract: Utilization of 2‐Halo‐1,3,4‐thiadiazoles in the Synthesis of 2‐Functionalized 1,3,4‐Thiadiazole Derivatives.
Authors: Wang Xi‐Cun , Luo Jin‐Ge , Ding Xiao‐Mei , Quan Zheng‐Jun
Published: December 2011

Novel 2‐halo‐5‐aryloxymethyl‐thiadiazoles (II) are prepared by diazotization of aminothiadiazoles (I) in the presence of an acid‐catalyst under copper‐free conditions.
ChemInform Abstract: Facile Synthesis of Substituted Pyrrole‐Fused Isocoumarins from Ninhydrin.
Authors: Pathak Sudipta , Kundu Ashis , Pramanik Animesh
Published: December 2011

The route involves the stepwise condensation of acetylacetone with amines and ninhydrin followed by acid‐catalyzed rearrangement.
ChemInform Abstract: Chiral (Acyclic diaminocarbene)gold(I)‐Catalyzed Dynamic Kinetic Asymmetric Transformation of Propargyl Esters.
Authors: Wang Yi‐Ming , Kuzniewski Christian N. , Rauniyar Vivek , Hoong Christina , Toste F. Dean
Published: December 2011

The title reaction of phenol‐substituted propargyl pivalates (I) or (III) proceeds via a formal [3,3] sigmatropic rearrangement followed by a 6‐endo‐trig cyclization to give enantioenriched 2‐substituted chromenyl pivalates.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthetic Versatility in C—H Oxidation: A Rapid Approach to Differentiated Diols and Pyrans from Simple Olefins.
Authors: Gormisky Paul E. , White M. Christina
Published: December 2011

The method for the intramolecular C—H oxidation of various carboxylic acids bearing an alkene moiety affords the dioxanones with moderate to good anti‐selectivities.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis of New Dihydropyrimidinones Catalyzed by Dicationic Ionic Liquid.
Authors: Jawale Dhanaji V. , Pratap Umesh R. , Mulay Aparna A. , Mali Jyotirling R. , Mane Ramrao A.
Published: December 2011

Title compounds (IV) are conveniently synthesized by a one‐pot multicomponent Biginelli reaction using a dicationic ionic liquid as medium and catalyst.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis and Antibacterial Activities of New Dibenzothiazepine Derivatives.
Authors: Mahale Ganesh D. , Kolekar Yogesh M. , Kumar Ashok , Singh Dharmendra , Kodam Kisan M. , Waghmode Suresh B.
Published: December 2011

The newly synthesized dibenzothiazepines (III) are evaluated for their activity against both Gram‐positive and Gram‐negative bacteria.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis of New α‐Glucosidase Inhibitors Based on Oleanolic Acid Incorporating Cinnamic Amides.
Authors: Nie Wei , Luo Jian‐Guang , Wang Xiao‐Bing , Yin Hong , Sun Hong‐Bin , Yao He‐Quan , Kong Ling‐Yi
Published: December 2011

A series of α‐glucosidase inhibitors (I) with an oleanolic acid core and different cinnamic amide ligands are designed and synthesized.
ChemInform Abstract: A Novel and Efficient One‐Pot Synthesis of Symmetrical Diamide (Bis‐amidate) Prodrugs of Acyclic Nucleoside Phosphonates and Evaluation of Their Biological Activities.
Authors: Jansa Petr , Janeba Zlatko , et al. et al.
Published: December 2011

Diamide prodrugs (IIIa) and (Va) exhibit anti‐HIV activities at submicromolar concentrations with minimal cytotoxicity.
ChemInform Abstract: Total Syntheses of (Sp)‐(+)‐ and (Rp)‐(‐)‐Spiniferin‐1, a Pair of Unusual Natural Products with Planar Chirality
Authors: Sun Yun‐Shan , Ding Kai , Tian Wei‐Sheng
Published: December 2011

via a palladium‐catalyzed β‐H elimination reaction of ester (I) and a perfluorobutanesulfonyl fluoride induced homoallylic carbocation rearrangement as key steps
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis, Antimicrobial Activity and Possible Mechanism of Action of 9‐Bromo‐Substituted Indolizinoquinoline‐5,12‐dione Derivatives.
Authors: Wu Xi‐Wei , Wu Zu‐Ping , Wang Lu‐Xia , Zhang Hong‐Bin , Chen Jian‐Wen , Zhang Wei , Gu Lian‐Quan , Huang Zhi‐Shu , An Lin‐Kun
Published: December 2011

25 Title compounds of type (I) are prepared and tested for their antimicrobial activities against 9 bacterial strains.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis, Biological Assessment and Molecular Modeling of New Multipotent MAO and Cholinesterase Inhibitors as Potential Drugs for the Treatment of Alzheimer′s Disease.
Authors: Samadi Abdelouahid , Marco‐Contelles Jose , et al. et al.
Published: December 2011

11 Compounds of type (I) are subjected to pharmacological evaluation.
ChemInform Abstract: Extraordinary Responsive Intermetallic Compounds: The R5T4 Family (R = Rare Earth, T = Group 13—15 Element)
Authors: Mudryk Yaroslav , Pecharsky Vitalij K. , Gschneidner Karl A. Jr.
Published: December 2011

Review: 113 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Design of New ′DalPhos′ P,N‐Ligands: Applications in Transition‐Metal Catalysis
Authors: Lundgren Rylan J. , Hesp Kevin D. , Stradiotto Mark
Published: December 2011

Review: ca. 100 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Adventures in Total Synthesis: A Personal Account
Authors: Yu‐Kai‐Chen David
Published: December 2011

Review: about 100 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis of Heterocycles Mediated by Benzotriazole. Part 2. Bicyclic Systems
Authors: Katritzky Alan R. , Rachwal Stanislaw
Published: December 2011

Review: 206 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Optical and Electro‐Optical Materials Prepared by the Sol‐Gel Method
Authors: Levy David , et al. et al.
Published: December 2011

Review: 29 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Construction and Activity of a Synthetic Basement Membrane with Active Laminin Peptides and Polysaccharides
Authors: Yamada Yuji , Hozumi Kentaro , Nomizu Motoyoshi
Published: December 2011

Review: 62 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Tailoring Geopolymer Structure to Improve Material Performance
Authors: Provis John L. , van Deventer Jannie S. J.
Published: December 2011

Review: 23 refs.
Microparticle formation after co‐culture of human whole blood and umbilical artery in a novel in vitro model of flow
Authors: Holtom Emma , Usherwood James R. , Macey Marion G. , Lawson Charlotte
Published: December 2011

Cardiovascular disease (CVD) is now the largest killer in western society, and the importance of interactions between vascular endothelium and circulating blood components in disease pathogenesis is well established. Microparticles are a heterogeneous population of <1 μm blood borne particles that arise from blebbing or shedding of cell membranes. The microparticle population includes several classes of apoptotic bodies; however, increased numbers of procoagulant microparticles have been described in plasma from people with CVD. We have previously demonstrated that interactions of monocytes and platelets with isolated inflamed endothelial cells lead to production of pro‐coagulant tissue factor bearing microparticles under laminar flow conditions. Here we have investigated microparticle production after perfusion of human whole blood through intact inflamed human umbilical artery. When blood was perfused through umbilical arteries which had been pre‐stimulated with tumour necrosis factor (TNFα) for 18 h under flow conditions, there was significantly increased production of microparticles from both platelet and non‐platelet sources, in particular from erythrocytes. To determine whether microparticles generated during interactions with inflamed endothelium could induce a pro‐inflammatory response in trans, we isolated microparticles by centrifugation after co‐culture and incubated with isolated quiescent endothelial cells followed by measurement of reactive oxygen species formation. Microparticles derived from co‐culture with inflamed endothelium induced significantly enhanced levels of reactive oxygen species (ROS). These data suggest that presence of an inflamed endothelium causes release of pro‐inflammatory microparticles from circulating blood cells, which could contribute to prolonged endothelial activation and subsequent atherosclerotic changes in blood vessels subjected to inflammatory insult. © 2011 International Society for Advancement of Cytometry
Development of liquid chromatography‐tandem mass spectrometry‐based analytical assays for the determination of HIF stabilizers in preventive doping research
Authors: Beuck Simon , Bornatsch Wolfgang , Lagojda Andreas , Schänzer Wilhelm , Thevis Mario
Published: December 2011

Hypoxia‐inducible factor (HIF) stabilizers increase blood haemoglobin levels after oral administration and their use in sports was recently banned by the World Anti‐Doping Agency. For the support of analytical assay development, the metabolic fate of two model HIF stabilizers, based on the isoquinoline‐3‐carboxamide scaffold of the lead drug candidate FG‐2216, was assessed by in vitro methods. The analytes were identified and characterized by liquid chromatography‐tandem mass spectrometry (LC‐MS/MS) in positive and negative ionization mode using an API 4000 Qtrap as well as an exactive high resolution‐high accuracy MS. The model HIF stabilizer N‐[(1‐chloro‐4‐hydroxy‐7‐isopropoxy‐isoquinolin‐3‐carbonyl)‐amino]‐acetic acid (1), was converted into 3 major phase I metabolites by hydroxylation, dealkylation, and dehydrogenation. The structures of the hydroxylated and the dealkylated metabolites were confirmed by LC‐coupled nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy. Moreover, glucuronic acid conjugates of the active drug and one of the dealkylated phase I metabolite were identified. Hydroxylation of model compound 2 (N‐[(1‐chloro‐4‐hydroxy‐isoquinolin‐3‐carbonyl)‐amino]‐acetic acid) yielded two metabolites, regioisomeric to the dealkylated product of 1. Mass spectral data of compounds 1 and 2, as well as a structure‐related analogue were included into a multi‐target analytical assay based on direct injection and LC‐MS/MS analysis of human urine. The method was validated for quantitative purposes. In an approach of preventive doping research, more comprehensive screening methods applying precursor ion (m/z 166) and neutral loss (‐10 Da) scans were developed, allowing for the detection of unknown metabolites and structurally analogous HIF stabilizers emerging from ongoing lead structure developments. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
The need for littermate controls
Authors: Holmdahl Rikard , Malissen Bernard
Published: December 2011

The dramatic increase in the amount of research data being produced necessarily leads to higher demands on statistical thresholds and on experimental planning. This is to avoid positive selection of multiple tested data. Here we would like to highlight the need for including littermate controls in animal experiments, in particular when genetically modified strains are analysed for quantitative phenotypes. Thus, this suggestion will have impact on most immunological experiments performed today.
Synthesis of β‐Hydroxy and β‐Amino Ketones from Allylic Alcohols Catalyzed by Ru(η5‐C5Ph5)(CO)2Cl
Authors: Bartoszewicz Agnieszka , Jeżowska Martina M. , Laymand Kévin , Möbus Juri , Martín‐Matute Belén
Published: December 2011

An efficient method for the synthesis of β‐hydroxy and β‐amino ketones from allylic alcohols catalyzed by Ru(η5‐C5Ph5)(CO)2Cl is described. The influence of the stereoelectronic properties of the catalyst on the reaction outcome has been studied. Optimization of the reaction conditions supressed the formation of undesired side products such as saturated ketones, benzyl alcohols, and α,β‐unsaturated ketones. Several aromatic and aliphatic allylic alcohols have been reacted with a large variety of aldehydes or imines to produce β‐hydroxy ketones or β‐amino ketones, respectively, in yields up to 99 %. Based on experimental data, a mechanism via ruthenium alkoxides and ruthenium aldoxides is proposed. In addition, a C‐bound ruthenium enolate has been characterized.
The New York Jewish Student Syndrome: Stereotype and Facts
Authors: Rice David G. , Sternbach Richard A.
Published: December 2011

Psychiatric professionals at a midwestern university outpatient clinic consistently describe certain symptom characteristics for New York Jewish (NY‐J) students. All student applicants during 1966‐67 completed pre‐intake questionnaires, which included a previously validated 20‐item symptom checklist. Neither NY‐J male or female students could be distinguished on stated symptoms from urban non‐Jews or other Jewish students more than expected by chance. Differences obtained were mainly in expressive style, including a search for “meaning” by the NY‐J students; however, the forces inherent in “studenthood” appeared to make the various ethnic and demographic groups more similar than different.
Peer Relationships and Male Academic Achievement: A Review and Suggested Clarification
Authors: O'Shea Arthur J.
Published: December 2011

Earlier reviews of the research have reached conflicting conclusions about the relationship between social behavior and academic achievement. A brief but comprehensive review is presented. It is suggested that there is greater consistency in this research area than has previously been noted. When the research is categorized according to sample age level, it is found among younger subjects that high achievers tend to be more socially active than low achievers, while among college‐age students, low achievers tend to be the more socially active. Questions are raised which future research might investigate.
Maternal Attitudes and the Non‐Achievement Syndrome
Authors: Hilliard Thomas , Roth Robert M.
Published: December 2011

This study investigated the relationship between the mother‐child relationship and academic achievement. The population consisted of 45 male achievers and underachievers from a local suburban high school and their mothers. The nature of the mother‐child relationship was measured by the Mother—Child Relationship Evaluation. Generally it was found that mothers of achievers were more accepting of their children than were mothers of underachievers. Further, achievers and underachievers differed in the ability to perceive accurately the maternal attitudes. These findings were interpreted in terms of the etiology of underachievement as described by Roth and Meyersburg in the Non‐Achievement Syndrome. These dynamics involve maternal rejection and the attempts of the underachiever to maintain a dependent relationship with the parents, and the avoidance of adolescent independence via underachievement.
Use of Control Groups in Studies of Guidance
Authors: Rothney John W. M. , Lewis Charles W.
Published: December 2011

Problems in the interpretation of results of studies in which control groups are used are illustrated in a follow‐up study. Subjects who had been counseled over a four‐year period at the Research and Guidance Laboratory for Superior Students at the University of Wisconsin were followed up four years after high school graduation and their performances were compared with those of the members of a control or comparison group. The results are presented and the adequacy of the control group technique is discussed. The validity is questioned of the commonly accepted procedure of selecting control group subjects on the basis of their current comparability with experimental subjects without adequate history of their development toward that status.
Catharsis: A Means of Reducing Elementary School Students' Aggressive Behaviors?
Authors: Nighswander James K. , Mayer G. Roy
Published: December 2011

Cathartic procedures, which are based on the hypothesis that acts of aggression will reduce the incidence of further agression, were questioned as to their effectiveness in dealing with elementary school children's aggressive behaviors. Research findings suggest that such techniques may tend to increase rather than decrease student aggressiveness. It was therefore concluded that a re‐evaluation of the catharsis theory and the procedures or practices resulting from it is needed in our elementary schools. Several alternative procedures for reducing the occurrence of aggressive behaviors were presented for the reader to consider and evaluate in light of such recent findings.
Rapport as mutual respect
Authors: FISCHER CONSTANCE T.
Published: December 2011

Rapport in testing and counseling contexts is usually described by a listing of conditions said to produce optimal performance through eliciting or inhibiting certain behaviors and traits. In this article, the traditional conditions are criticized as grounded in a combination of inadequate faculty‐trait and behavioristic theories. “Mutual respect” is proposed as a more accurate and practical alternative, one that is explicitly grounded in a conception of the person as always involved with his total situation and acting in accordance with his experience of it. Rapport, then, exists when each person recognizes and respects the reality of the other's experience.
Transactionalism and the coordinator of pupil personnel services
Authors: KORNICK JOSEPH
Published: December 2011

The transactional style of leadership is proposed as a method of operation for the coordinator of pupil personnel services, and Getzels and Guba's view of social behavior is used as the theoretical framework for the discussion. Two important factors affecting the coordinator's role are reviewed: the bureaucratic structure of the educational system and the roles of various pupil personnel specialists. Use of superordinate goals is suggested as being congruent with the transactional style of leadership.