bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Dynamic Monitoring of Grinding Circuits by Use of Global Recurrence Plots and Convolutional Neural Networks
Authors: Olivier Jacques , Aldrich Chris
Published: October 2020

Reliable control of grinding circuits is critical to more efficient operation of concentrator plants. In many cases, operators still play a key role in the supervisory control of grinding circuits but are not always able to act timely to deal with disturbances, such as changes in the mill feed. Reliable process monitoring can play a major role in assisting operators to take more timely and reliable action. These monitoring systems need to be able to deal with what could be complex nonlinear dynamic behavior of comminution circuits. To this end, a dynamic process monitoring approach is proposed based on the use of convolutional neural networks. To take advantage of the availability of pretrained neural networks, the grinding circuit variables are treated as time series which can be converted into images. Features extracted from these networks are subsequently analyzed in a multivariate process monitoring framework with an underlying principal component model. Two variants of the approach based on convolutional neural networks are compared with dynamic principal component analysis on a simulated and real-world case studies. In the first variant, the pretrained neural network is used as a feature extractor without any further training. In the second variant, features are extracted following further training of the network in a synthetic binary classification problem designed to enhance the extracted features. The second approach yielded nominally better results than what could be obtained with dynamic principal component analysis and the approach using features extracted by transfer learning.
Structure of Late Pleistocene and Holocene Sediments in the Petrozavodsk Bay, Lake Onego (NW Russia)
Authors: Subetto Dmitry , Rybalko Alexandr , Strakhovenko Vera , Belkina Natalia , Tokarev Mikhail , Potakhin Maksim , Aleshin Mikhail , Belyaev Pavel , Dubois Nathalie , Kuznetzov Vladislav , Korost Dmitry , Loktev Andrei , Shalaeva Natalia , Kiskina Alexandra , Kostromina Natalia , Kublitskiy Yuriy , Orlov Alexander
Published: October 2020

Here, we present new results from seismic, geological, and geochemical studies conducted in 2015–2019 in the Petrozavodsk Bay of Lake Onego, NW Russia. The aims of these investigations were to (i) to characterize the structure of Quaternary deposits and (ii) provide new evidence of modern geodynamic movements and gas-seepage in Holocene sediments. The structure of the recovered deposits was composed of lacustrine mud, silt and sands from the Holocene, limno-glacial clays (varved clays) from the Late Glacial–Interglacial Transition, and glacial deposits (till) from the Late Pleistocene. The thickness of these deposits varied in different parts of the bay. Many pockmarks created by gases escaping and reaching sediment-water interface were observed in these deposits. Such pockmarks can play a significant role in the geochemical and biological processes in the bottom sediment surface, and gases that escape might modify the physicochemical characteristics of the environment.
A Facile Synthesis of Novel Amorphous TiO2 Nanorods Decorated rGO Hybrid Composites with Wide Band Microwave Absorption
Authors: Zhang Hao , Zhao Yongpeng , Yang Xuan , Zhao Guolin , Zhang Dongmei , Huang Hui , Yang Shuaitao , Wen Ningxuan , Javid Muhammad , Fan Zeng , Pan Lujun
Published: October 2020

Amorphous structures may play important roles in achieving highly efficient microwave absorption performance due to the polarization losses induced by the disorders, vacancies and other functional groups existed in them. Herein, a kind of amorphous TiO2/rGO composite (a-TiO2/rGO) was successfully fabricated via a facile one-step solvothermal method. The complex permittivity of the composites can be regulated by adjusting the addition of precursor solution. The minimum reflection loss of a-TiO2/rGO composites reached −42.8 dB at 8.72 GHz with a thickness of 3.25 mm, and the widest efficient absorption bandwidth (EAB) was up to 6.2 GHz (11.8 to 18 GHz) with a thickness of only 2.15 mm, which achieved the full absorption in Ku band (12 to 18 GHz). Furthermore, the EAB was achieved ranging from 3.97 to 18 GHz by adjusting the thickness of the absorber, covering 87.7% of the whole radar frequency band. It is considered that the well-matched impedance, various polarization processes, capacitor-like structure and conductive networks all contributed to the excellent microwave absorption of a-TiO2/rGO. This study provides reference on constructing amorphous structures for future microwave absorber researches and the as-prepared a-TiO2/rGO composites also have great potential owing to its facile synthesis and highly efficient microwave absorption.
Mimicking Natural Photosynthesis: Designing Ultrafast Photosensitized Electron Transfer into Multiheme Cytochrome Protein Nanowires
Authors: Marzolf Daniel R. , McKenzie Aidan M. , O’Malley Matthew C. , Ponomarenko Nina S. , Swaim Coleman M. , Brittain Tyler J. , Simmons Natalie L. , Pokkuluri Phani Raj , Mulfort Karen L. , Tiede David M. , Kokhan Oleksandr
Published: October 2020

Efficient nanomaterials for artificial photosynthesis require fast and robust unidirectional electron transfer (ET) from photosensitizers through charge-separation and accumulation units to redox-active catalytic sites. We explored the ultrafast time-scale limits of photo-induced charge transfer between a Ru(II)tris(bipyridine) derivative photosensitizer and PpcA, a 3-heme c-type cytochrome serving as a nanoscale biological wire. Four covalent attachment sites (K28C, K29C, K52C, and G53C) were engineered in PpcA enabling site-specific covalent labeling with expected donor-acceptor (DA) distances of 4–8 Å. X-ray scattering results demonstrated that mutations and chemical labeling did not disrupt the structure of the proteins. Time-resolved spectroscopy revealed three orders of magnitude difference in charge transfer rates for the systems with otherwise similar DA distances and the same number of covalent bonds separating donors and acceptors. All-atom molecular dynamics simulations provided additional insight into the structure-function requirements for ultrafast charge transfer and the requirement of van der Waals contact between aromatic atoms of photosensitizers and hemes in order to observe sub-nanosecond ET. This work demonstrates opportunities to utilize multi-heme c-cytochromes as frameworks for designing ultrafast light-driven ET into charge-accumulating biohybrid model systems, and ultimately for mimicking the photosynthetic paradigm of efficiently coupling ultrafast, light-driven electron transfer chemistry to multi-step catalysis within small, experimentally versatile photosynthetic biohybrid assemblies.
Turning Waste into Useful Products by Photocatalysis with Nanocrystalline TiO2 Thin Films: Reductive Cleavage of Azo Bond in the Presence of Aqueous Formate
Authors: Mazzanti Michele , Caramori Stefano , Fogagnolo Marco , Cristino Vito , Molinari Alessandra
Published: October 2020

UV-photoexcitation of TiO2 in contact with aqueous solutions of azo dyes does not imply only its photocatalytic degradation, but the reaction fate of the dye depends on the experimental conditions. In fact, we demonstrate that the presence of sodium formate is the switch from a degradative pathway of the dye to its transformation into useful products. Laser flash photolysis experiments show that charge separation is extremely long lived in nanostructured TiO2 thin films, making them suitable to drive both oxidation and reduction reactions. ESR spin trapping and photoluminescence experiments demonstrate that formate anions are very efficient in intercepting holes, thereby inhibiting OH radicals formation. Under these conditions, electrons promoted in the conduction band of TiO2 and protons deriving from the oxidation of formate on photogenerated holes lead to the reductive cleavage of N=N bonds with formation and accumulation of reduced intermediates. Negative ion ESI–MS findings provide clear support to point out this new mechanism. This study provides a facile solution for realizing together wastewater purification and photocatalytic conversion of a waste (discharged dye) into useful products (such as sulfanilic acid used again for synthesis of new azo dyes). Moreover, the use of TiO2 deposited on an FTO (Fluorine Tin Oxide) glass circumvents all the difficulties related to the use of slurries. The obtained photocatalyst is easy to handle and to recover and shows an excellent stability allowing complete recyclability.
Exploring the Different Degrees of Magnetic Disorder in TbxR1−xCu2 Nanoparticle Alloys
Authors: Jefremovas Elizabeth M. , Rodríguez María de la Fuente , Alonso Javier , Fernández Jesús Rodríguez , Espeso José Ignacio , Puente-Orench Inés , Rojas Daniel P. , García-Prieto Ana , Fdez-Gubieda María Luisa , Fernández Lidia Rodríguez , Barquín Luis Fernández
Published: October 2020

Recently, potential technological interest has been revealed for the production of magnetocaloric alloys using Rare-Earth intermetallics. In this work, three series of TbxR1−xCu2 (R ≡ Gd, La, Y) alloys have been produced in bulk and nanoparticle sizes via arc melting and high energy ball milling. Rietveld refinements of the X-ray and Neutron diffraction patterns indicate that the crystalline structure in all alloys is consistent with TbCu2 orthorhombic Imma bulk crystalline structure. The analyses of the DC-magnetisation (MDC) and AC-susceptibility (χAC) show that three distinct degrees of disorder have been achieved by the combination of both the Tb3+ replacement (dilution) and the nanoscaling. These disordered states are characterised by transitions which are evident to MDC, χAC and specific heat. There exists an evolution from the most ordered Superantiferromagnetic arrangement of the Tb0.5La0.5Cu2 NPs with Néel temperature, TN∼ 27 K, and freezing temperature, Tf∼ 7 K, to the less ordered weakly interacting Superparamagnetism of the Tb0.1Y0.9Cu2 nanoparticles (TN absent, and TB∼ 3 K). The Super Spin Glass Tb0.5Gd0.5Cu2 nanoparticles (TN absent, and Tf∼ 20 K) are considered an intermediate disposition in between those two extremes, according to their enhanced random-bond contribution to frustration.
Atmospheric Pressure Catalytic Vapor Deposition of Graphene on Liquid Sn and Cu–Sn Alloy Substrates
Authors: Saeed Maryam A. , Kinloch Ian A. , Derby Brian
Published: October 2020

The chemical vapor deposition (CVD) of graphene on liquid substrates produces high quality graphene films due to the defect-free and atomically flat surfaces of the liquids. Through the detailed study of graphene growth on liquid Sn using atmospheric pressure CVD (APCVD), the quality of graphene has been found to have a close relationship with hydrogen flow rate that reflects on hydrogen partial pressure inside the reactor (PH2) and hydrogen solubility of the growth substrates. The role of PH2 was found to be crucial, with a low defect density monolayer graphene being obtained in low PH2 (90.4 mbar), while partial graphene coverage occurred at high PH2 (137.3 mbar). To further understand the role of substrate’s composition, binary alloy with compositions of 20, 30, 50, 60 and 80 wt.% tin in copper were made by arc-melting. Graphene quality was found to decrease with increasing the content of copper in the Cu–Sn alloys when grown using the conditions optimised for Sn substrates and this was related to the change in hydrogen solubility and the high catalytic activity of Cu compared to Sn. This shall provide a tool to help optimising CVD conditions for graphene growth based on the properties of the used catalytic substrate.
Peculiarities of Low-Temperature Behavior of Liquids Confined in Nanostructured Silicon-Based Material
Authors: Bardushkin Vladimir , Kochetygov Andrey , Shilyaeva Yulia , Volovlikova Olga , Dronov Alexey , Gavrilov Sergey
Published: October 2020

This study is devoted to the confinement effects on freezing and melting in electrochemical systems containing nanomaterial electrodes and liquid electrolytes. The melting of nanoparticles formed upon freezing of liquids confined in pores of disordered nanostructured n-type silicon has been studied by low-temperature differential scanning calorimetry. Experimental results obtained for deionized water, an aqueous solution of potassium sulfate, and n-decane are presented. A model is proposed for predicting the melting point of nanoparticles formed during freezing of liquids inside the pores of a disordered nanostructured material. The model is based on the classical thermodynamic concept of the phase transition temperature dependence on the particle size. It takes into account the issues arising when a liquid is dispersed in a matrix of another material: the effect of mechanical stress resulted from the difference in the thermal linear expansion coefficients at a temperature gradient, the effect of the volumetric liquid content in the matrix, the presence of a nonfreezing liquid layer inside the pores, and the effect of wettability of the matrix with the liquid. Model calculations for water and n-decane confined in nanostructured silicon matrix have been carried out considering the volumetric liquid content. The results obtained have been compared with the differential scanning calorimetry data.
First Molecular Detection of Babesia ovis, Theileria spp., Anaplasma spp., and Ehrlichia ruminantium in Goats from Western Uganda
Authors: Tumwebaze Maria Agnes , Byamukama Benedicto , Tayebwa Dickson Stuart , Byaruhanga Joseph , Angwe Martin Kamilo , Galon Eloiza May , Liu Mingming , Lee Seung-Hun , Ringo Aaron Edmond , Adjou Moumouni Paul Franck , Li Jixu , Li Yongchang , Ji Shengwei , Vudriko Patrick , Xuan Xuenan
Published: October 2020

Ticks and tick-borne diseases are major impediments to livestock production. To date, there have been several studies on the prevalence of tick-borne pathogens (TBPs) in cattle, but very few studies have documented TBPs in goats in Uganda. In this study, polymerase chain reaction assays and sequence analysis of different molecular markers were used to assess the presence and genetic characteristics of TBPs in 201 goats from Kasese district in western Uganda. The risk factors associated with TBP infections were also analyzed. We detected Theileria spp. (13.4%), Anaplasma phagocytophilum (10.9%), Anaplasma ovis (5.5%), Babesia ovis (5.5%), and Ehrlichia ruminantium (0.5%). The sequences of B. ovis ssu rRNA and A. ovismsp4 genes showed some degree of diversity among the parasite isolates in this study. The E. ruminantium pCS20 sequence formed a well-supported clade with isolates from Amblyomma variegatum ticks from Uganda. Wildlife interaction, sampling location, low body condition score, tick infestation, and herd size were significantly associated with TBP infections in the goats. The findings in this study provide important information on the epidemiology of tick-borne pathogens in Uganda, and show that goats could be potential reservoirs for tick-borne pathogens.
Zika Virus
Authors: Masmejan Sophie , Musso Didier , Vouga Manon , Pomar Leo , Dashraath Pradip , Stojanov Milos , Panchaud Alice , Baud David
Published: October 2020

Zika virus (ZIKV), a neurotropic single-stranded RNA flavivirus, remains an important cause of congenital infection, fetal microcephaly, and Guillain-Barré syndrome in populations where ZIKV has adapted to a nexus involving the Aedes mosquitoes and humans. To date, outbreaks of ZIKV have occurred in Africa, Southeast Asia, the Pacific islands, the Americas, and the Caribbean. Emerging evidence, however, suggests that the virus also has the potential to cause infections in Europe, where autochtonous transmission of the virus has been identified. This review focuses on evolving ZIKV epidemiology, modes of transmission and host-virus interactions. The clinical manifestations, diagnostic issues relating to cross-reactivity to the dengue flavivirus and concerns surrounding ZIKV infection in pregnancy are discussed. In the last section, current challenges in treatment and prevention are outlined.
Multiple Antigenic Peptide-Based Vaccines Targeting Ixodes ricinus Neuropeptides Induce a Specific Antibody Response but Do Not Impact Tick Infestation
Authors: Almazán Consuelo , Šimo Ladislav , Fourniol Lisa , Rakotobe Sabine , Borneres Jérémie , Cote Martine , Peltier Sandy , Mayé Jennifer , Versillé Nicolas , Richardson Jennifer , Bonnet Sarah I.
Published: October 2020

Synthetic peptide vaccines were designed to target the neuropeptides innervating Ixodes ricinus salivary glands and hindgut and they were tested for their capacity to afford protective immunity against nymphs or larvae and Anaplasma phagocytophilum-infected nymph infestation, in mice and sheep, respectively. In both models, the assembly of SIFamide (SIFa) or myoinhibitory peptide (MIP) neuropeptides into multiple antigenic peptide constructs (MAPs) elicited a robust IgG antibody response following immunization. Nevertheless, no observable detrimental impact on nymphs was evidenced in mice, and, unfortunately, the number of engorged nymphs on sheep was insufficient for firm conclusions to be drawn, including for bacterial transmission. Regarding larvae, while vaccination of the sheep did not globally diminish tick feeding success or development, analyses of animals at the individual level revealed a negative correlation between anti-SIFa and MIP antibody levels and larva-to-nymph molting success for both antigens. Our results provide a proof of principle and precedent for the use of MAPs for the induction of immunity against tick peptide molecules. Although the present study did not provide the expected level of protection, it inaugurates a new strategy for protection against ticks based on the immunological targeting of key components of their nervous system.
Molecular Diagnosis, Prevalence and Importance of Zoonotic Vector-Borne Pathogens in Cuban Shelter Dogs—A Preliminary Study
Authors: Díaz-Sánchez Adrian Alberto , Corona-González Belkis , Meli Marina L. , Roblejo-Arias Lisset , Fonseca-Rodríguez Osvaldo , Pérez Castillo Anisleidy , Vega Cañizares Ernesto , Lobo Rivero Evelyn , Hofmann-Lehmann Regina
Published: October 2020

The present study aimed to determine the prevalence of zoonotic vector-borne pathogens, including Anaplasma platys, Anaplasma phagocytophilum, Borrelia burgdorferi sensu lato, Ehrlichia canis and Rickettsia spp. in shelter dogs from Cuba. Blood samples were collected from 100 shelter dogs and examined by molecular methods. Overall, 85 (85%; 95% CI: 77.88–92.12) dogs tested positive for at least one vector-borne pathogen using species-specific qPCR assays. Among the positive samples, E. canis was the most prevalent 62% (95% CI: 52.32–71.68), followed by A. platys 40% (95% CI: 30.23–49.77) and Rickettsia felis 27% (95% CI: 18.15–35.85), whereas 36% (95% CI: 26.43–45.57) showed co-infections. All samples were negative for A. phagocytophilum and B. burgdorferi s.l. The presence of 248 Rhipicephalus sanguineus ticks collected from the dogs was not statistically associated with the occurrence of infections. Thrombocytopenia was the most frequent haematological alteration found in PCR-positive dogs; it was statistically associated with the presence of E. canis, as well as co-infections (p < 0.05). The phylogenetic analyses of A. platys and E. canis based on 16S rRNA, groEL and gltA genes showed a low genetic diversity between Cuban strains. The present study demonstrates the high prevalence of vector-borne pathogens with zoonotic potential in shelter dogs from Cuba.
Rapid In Vivo Validation of HDAC Inhibitor-Based Treatments in Neuroblastoma Zebrafish Xenografts
Authors: Wrobel Jagoda K , Najafi Sara , Ayhan Simay , Gatzweiler Charlotte , Krunic Damir , Ridinger Johannes , Milde Till , Westermann Frank , Peterziel Heike , Meder Benjamin , Distel Martin , Witt Olaf , Oehme Ina
Published: October 2020

The survival rate among children with relapsed neuroblastomas continues to be poor, and thus new therapeutic approaches identified by reliable preclinical drug testing models are urgently needed. Zebrafish are a powerful vertebrate model in preclinical cancer research. Here, we describe a zebrafish neuroblastoma yolk sac model to evaluate efficacy and toxicity of histone deacetylase (HDAC) inhibitor treatments. Larvae were engrafted with fluorescently labeled, genetically diverse, established cell lines and short-term cultures of patient-derived primary cells. Engrafted tumors progressed locally and disseminated remotely in an intact environment. Combination treatments involving the standard chemotherapy doxorubicin and HDAC inhibitors substantially reduced tumor volume, induced tumor cell death, and inhibited tumor cell dissemination to the tail region. Hence, this model allows for fast, cost-efficient, and reliable in vivo evaluation of toxicity and response of the primary and metastatic tumor sites to drug combinations.
Functional Anatomical Changes in Ulcerative Colitis Patients Determine Their Gut Microbiota Composition and Consequently the Possible Treatment Outcome
Authors: Bálint Anita , Farkas Klaudia , Méhi Orsolya , Kintses Bálint , Vásárhelyi Bálint Márk , Ari Eszter , Pál Csaba , Madácsy Tamara , Maléth József , Szántó Kata Judit , Nagy István , Rutka Mariann , Bacsur Péter , Szűcs Diána , Szepes Zoltán , Nagy Ferenc , Fábián Anna , Bor Renáta , Milassin Ágnes , Molnár Tamás
Published: October 2020

Gut microbial composition alters in some special situations, such as in ulcerative colits (UC) after total proctocolectomy and ileal pouch-anal anastomosis (IPAA) surgery. The aim of our study was to determine the composition of the intestinal microbiome in UC patients after IPAA surgery, compared with UC patients, familial adenomatous polyposis (FAP) patients after IPAA surgery and healthy controls. Clinical data of patients, blood and faecal samples were collected. Faecal microbiota structure was determined by sequencing the V4 hypervariable region of the 16S rRNA gene. Overall, 56 patients were enrolled. Compared to the Healthy group, both the Pouch active and UC active groups had higher Enterobacteriaceae, Enterococcaceae and Pasteurellaceae abundance. The Pouch and UC groups showed distinct separation based on their alpha and beta bacterial diversities. The UC group had higher Prevotellaceae, Rikenellaceae, Ruminococcaceae abundance compared to the Pouch active group. Pouch and FAP participants showed similar bacterial community composition. There was no significant difference in the bacterial abundance between the active and inactive subgroups of the Pouch or UC groups. Gut microbiome and anatomical status together construct a functional unit that has influence on diversity, in addition to intestinal inflammation that is a part of the pathomechanism in UC.
Estimations of Low-Inertia Cubic Nonlinearity Featured by Electro-Optical Crystals in the THz Range
Authors: Zhukova Maria , Melnik Maksim , Vorontsova Irina , Tcypkin Anton , Kozlov Sergei
Published: October 2020

Despite the growing interest in nonlinear devices and components for light by light control in the terahertz range, there is a shortage of such materials and media used for these purposes. Here, we present the calculated values of low-inertia nonlinear refractive index coefficient for electro-optical crystals used in THz time-domain spectroscopy systems such as ZnSe, ZnTe, CdTe, GaP, and LiNbO3. The medium parameters affecting the cubic nonlinearity of the vibrational nature increase in the range of 0.5–1 THz have been determined. Comparison of theoretical calculations with known experimental results confirm the theoretical model as well as our analysis of media parameter influence on the cubic nonlinearity. In terms of applications, results obtained open up new perspectives for studying various materials in the THz frequency range.
The New and the Old: Platform Cross-Validation of Immunoaffinity MASS Spectrometry versus ELISA for PromarkerD, a Predictive Test for Diabetic Kidney Disease
Authors: Bringans Scott , Peters Kirsten , Casey Tammy , Ito Jason , Lipscombe Richard
Published: October 2020

PromarkerD is a proteomics derived test for predicting diabetic kidney disease that measures the concentrations of three plasma protein biomarkers, APOA4, CD5L and IBP3. Antibodies against these proteins were developed and applied to a multiplexed immunoaffinity capture mass spectrometry assay. In parallel, and facilitating current clinical laboratory workflows, a standard ELISA was also developed to measure each protein. The performance characteristics of the two technology platforms were compared using a cohort of 100 samples, with PromarkerD test scores demonstrating a high correlation (R = 0.97). These technologies illustrate the potential for large scale, high throughput clinical applications of proteomics now and into the future.
Introduction: Leadership, Authority and Representation in British Muslim Communities
Authors: Gilliat-Ray Sophie , Timol Riyaz
Published: October 2020

Since its launch in 2005, the Islam-UK Centre at Cardiff University has initiated a range of projects concerned with issues of leadership, pastoral care, and the training of religious professionals working in British Muslim communities (Gilliat-Ray 2006; Gilliat-Ray 2010; Gilliat-Ray 2011; Ali and Gilliat-Ray 2012; Gilliat-Ray et al [...]
Success Factors for Water Safety Plan Implementation in Small Drinking Water Supplies in Low- and Middle-Income Countries
Authors: Herschan Jo , Rickert Bettina , Mkandawire Theresa , Okurut Kenan , King Richard , Hughes Susan J. , Lapworth Dan J. , Pond Katherine
Published: October 2020

Water Safety Plan (WSP) implementation has the potential to greatly improve, commonly very challenging and resource limited, small drinking water supplies. Although slower than in urban or high-income settings, the uptake of WSPs in low- and middle-income countries (LMICs) is accelerating. Understanding the factors which will make a WSP successful will further improve efficient uptake and assist with its long-term sustainability. Based on an extensive literature search using the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISM-A) methodology, 48 publications, including case studies and guidance documentation, formed the basis of this review. These were analysed using inductive and deductive coding methods to (i) identify the success factors applicable to WSP implementation in small drinking water supplies in LMICs and (ii) to investigate which factors are more or less critical depending on the geography and level of development of the implementing country. Key challenges identified during the review process were also noted. A comparison of these success factors was made with those identified from high-income and urban settings. The three most important success factors identified are the development of technical capacity, community engagement, and monitoring and verification. Factors specific to small drinking water supplies in LMICs include support from non-government organisations, integration into existing water sanitation and hygiene (WASH) programs, simplicity, and community engagement. Certain factors, such as adaptability, the use of guidance documentation, international collaboration, the role of pilot studies, knowledge sharing, and stakeholder involvement are applicable to all WSP settings. Due to the specific challenges faced by small drinking water systems and the limited number of original research publications on this topic, this study highlights the need for further data collection and research focused on success factors in these settings. It is anticipated that the consideration of the success factors identified in this study will assist implementers in improving the uptake and long-term sustainability of WSPs in small drinking water supplies in low- and middle-income settings.
Black Holes and Complexity via Constructible Universe
Authors: Król Jerzy , Klimasara Paweł
Published: October 2020

The relation of randomness and classical algorithmic computational complexity is a vast and deep subject by itself. However, already, 1-randomness sequences call for quantum mechanics in their realization. Thus, we propose to approach black hole’s quantum computational complexity by classical computational classes and randomness classes. The model of a general black hole is proposed based on formal tools from Zermelo–Fraenkel set theory like random forcing or minimal countable constructible model Lα. The Bekenstein–Hawking proportionality rule is shown to hold up to a multiplicative constant. Higher degrees of randomness and algorithmic computational complexity are derived in the model. Directions for further studies are also formulated. The model is designed for exploring deep quantum regime of spacetime.
The Effects of Genetic Variation on H7N9 Avian Influenza Virus Pathogenicity
Authors: Huang Szu-Wei , Wang Sheng-Fan
Published: October 2020

Since the H7N9 avian influenza virus emerged in China in 2013, there have been five seasonal waves which have shown human infections and caused high fatality rates in infected patients. A multibasic amino acid insertion seen in the HA of current H7N9 viruses occurred through natural evolution and reassortment, and created a high pathogenicity avian influenza (HPAI) virus from the low pathogenicity avian influenza (LPAI) in 2017, and significantly increased pathogenicity in poultry, resulting in widespread HPAI H7N9 in poultry, which along with LPAI H7N9, contributed to the severe fifth seasonal wave in China. H7N9 is a novel reassorted virus from three different subtypes of influenza A viruses (IAVs) which displays a great potential threat to public health and the poultry industry. To date, no sustained human-to-human transmission has been recorded by the WHO. However, the high ability of evolutionary adaptation of H7N9 and lack of pre-existing immunity in humans heightens the pandemic potential. Changes in IAVs proteins can affect the viral transmissibility, receptor binding specificity, pathogenicity, and virulence. The multibasic amino acid insertion, mutations in hemagglutinin, deletion and mutations in neuraminidase, and mutations in PB2 contribute to different virological characteristics. This review summarized the latest research evidence to describe the impacts of viral protein changes in viral adaptation and pathogenicity of H7N9, aiming to provide better insights for developing and enhancing early warning or intervention strategies with the goal of preventing highly pathogenic IAVs circulation in live poultry, and transmission to humans.
TNF Signaling Dictates Myeloid and Non-Myeloid Cell Crosstalk to Execute MCMV-Induced Extrinsic Apoptosis
Authors: Mandal Pratyusha , McCormick A. Louise , Mocarski Edward S.
Published: October 2020

Cytomegaloviruses all encode the viral inhibitor of caspase-8-induced apoptosis (vICA). After binding to this initiator caspase, vICA blocks caspase-8 proteolytic activity and ability to activate caspase-3 and/or caspase-7. In this manner, vICA has long been known to prevent apoptosis triggered via tumor necrosis factor (TNF) family death receptor-dependent extrinsic signaling. Here, we employ fully wild-type murine cytomegalovirus (MCMV) and vICA-deficient MCMV (∆M36) to investigate the contribution of TNF signaling to apoptosis during infection of different cell types. ∆M36 shows the expected ability to kill mouse splenic hematopoietic cells, bone marrow-derived macrophages (BMDM), and dendritic cells (BMDC). Antibody blockade or genetic elimination of TNF protects myeloid cells from death, and caspase-8 activation accompanies cell death. Interferons, necroptosis, and pyroptotic gasdermin D (GSDMD) do not contribute to myeloid cell death. Human and murine fibroblasts or murine endothelial cells (SVEC4-10) normally insensitive to TNF become sensitized to ∆M36-induced apoptosis when treated with TNF or TNF-containing BMDM-conditioned medium. We demonstrate that myeloid cells are the natural source of TNF that triggers apoptosis in either myeloid (autocrine) or non-myeloid cells (paracrine) during ∆M36 infection of mice. Caspase-8 suppression by vICA emerges as key to subverting innate immune elimination of a wide variety of infected cell types.
Serological Evidence of West Nile Virus in Wild Birds in Bangladesh
Authors: Islam Ariful , Islam Shariful , Hossain Mohammad Enayet , Ferdous Jinnat , Abedin Josefina , Ziaur Rahman Mohammad , Rahman Md. Kaisar , Hoque Md. Ahasanul , Hassan Mohammad Mahmudul
Published: October 2020

West Nile Virus (WNV) is a vector-borne zoonotic disease maintained in a sylvatic cycle involving mosquito vectors and birds. To detect WNV and other flavivirus infections in wild resident and migratory birds, we tested 184 samples from 19 identified species within nine families collected during 2012–2016 from four districts in Bangladesh. We tested serum samples for the immunoglobulin G (IgG) antibody against WNV using competitive Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay (c-ELISA), whereas tracheal and cloacal swabs were subjected to consensus Polymerase Chain Reaction (c-PCR) for the detection of the flavivirus RNA. Overall, we detected 11.9% (n = 22; 95% CI: 0.07–0.16) samples were seropositive, including 15.9% in the migratory wild birds and 10.7% in the resident wild birds. The migratory wild Tufted duck showed 28.5% seropositivity, whereas the resident wild house crows showed 12.5% seropositivity. None of the swab samples was positive for flavivirus RNA infection (0%, n = 184; 95% CI: 0–0.019). These study findings recommend continued surveillance for early detection and to better understand the epidemiology of WNV and other flavivirus circulation in both birds and mosquitoes in Bangladesh.
The Sustainability Dimensions: A Territorialized Approach to Sustainable Development
Authors: Coronato Maria
Published: October 2020

The paper proposes the territory as the fourth dimension of sustainable development. Research starting from three dimensions of sustainable development - economic, social, environmental - highlights the difference between the spatial approach and the territorial approach in sustainable development practices. The paper shows that to include in the development approach the morphological (hilly, mountain, plain), functional (metropolitan or non-metropolitan city, cross border region), traditional (port city, financial city, industrial city), government (National strategy, special laws, etc.), governance (formal and not formal network, institutional/ noninstitutional body) aspects, leads to different development results than not including them. This evidence shows to distinguish development practices from sustainable development practices as emerged from recent Territorial Impact Assessment studies in which policies, through the territorialization of the results, guide planning actions: (local) planning actions selected on (general) policy objectives create the conditions for adaptation (about planning) and mitigation (about policies) of human actions on the environment, thus being able to speak of sustainable development.
Sex and Gender Attributes in Rock Art in Six Counties in Utah
Authors: Shipley Samantha
Published: October 2020

This study evaluates the ways gender and women’s roles are interpreted in rock art in Utah. Six counties in Utah were evaluated - Box Elder, Carbon, Juab, Millard, Tooele, and Utah. Along with a review of relevant literature, the study drew on rock art site forms to review any indication of sex/gender attributes. Images and drawings proved to be the most beneficial in explaining how different symbols could indicate sex and gender attributes found among rock art. Though some rock art is easier to decipher, most is open to interpretation and requires extensive knowledge of the culture along with ethnographic analysis. Understanding how gender is portrayed in rock art can give light as to how gender relations worked within a prehistoric society. This research can help in the “de-gendering” of archaeology and provide a different point of view to utilize when studying rock art. It may also aid in dismantling ethnocentric views within the field and contributing to non-archaeological sex and gender studies within different cultural contexts.
Medical Humanities : A Novel Approach to Medicine for Washington County, Utah
Authors: Manuele Rachel
Published: October 2020

To broaden and enrich physician education, the humanities have been introduced into medical school curricula through literature, history, art, and even music. Current medical culture necessitates and even encourages emotional detachment from healthcare providers, but the humanities provide a methodology to bridge that oft-lamented gap between patient and physician. Closing this gap will break down barriers that impede the delivery of outstanding healthcare. The merging of medical humanities in physician education and practice provides not only a methodology but a culture that can be incorporated into the healthcare system. Adopting this culture in Washington County, Utah, could assist in bridging the gap, greatly benefitting citizens and healthcare providers alike. This research project, which includes interviews with members of the St. George community and the University of Utah, suggests the benefits an interdisciplinary approach can have for Washington County in its hospitals and clinics as well as its undergraduate and medical school curricula.
A New Epigram in the Uşak Museum: The Relief Stele of Maximus
Authors: KİLECİ Şenkal
Published: October 2020

This article introduces an unpublished tombstone with an epigram, on display at the Uşak Archaeology Museum. A funerary epigram of nines lines forms three lined accurate distiches. The mentioned tombstone is for a young child who was taken by Hades. His tombstone is large with artistic reliefs on it such as lion and bull motif in the gable; rabbit chasing scene, a garland, diptychon, ink-well set and papyrus roll on the body. The stele whose findspot remains unknown, is dated to the 27th of Deios of the year 198. Since the findspot is unknown and the Uşak Archaeological Museum is one of the meeting points of archaeological finds from the Lydian-Phrygian borderland the stele has to be taken somewhere close, which leads the era either Sullan or Aktian. Due to the scene of a hound chasing a rabbit mostly found in Phrygia, the lion and bull motif in the gable and the U-shaped omega, this stele is to be dated according to the Aktian era rather than the Sullan Era. As a result, we can say that the provenance of the stele must have been somewhere close to the Phrygian border. As for the reliefs on the body part, they point out that the deceased Maximus was at the age of a schoolboy when he died.
New Inscriptions from Nikaia XII. Sanctuary of Zeus Bronton in Ahmetler Village, Pazaryeri District
Authors: ÖZTÜRK Hüseyin Sami , AKTAŞ Abdurrahman , DEMİRHAN-ÖZTÜRK Ezgi
Published: October 2020

In 2016 in Ahmetler village of Pazaryeri district in Bilecik province, as a result of the damage caused by the village headman’s illegal construction with the pretext of a quarantine area creation, a cult area was accidentally discovered. In the damaged area caused by the village mukhtar, in situ architectural wall remains and many offering stelae scattered all over the surface, 10 of which had inscriptions on them, were found. In this article, we present only nine inscriptions because one of them has been badly destroyed.These new offerings contribute greatly to our knowledge of the region’s history.
Rationale for use mefloquine for COVID-19 treatment
Authors: Otdelenov V. A. , Mirzaev K. B. , Dmitriev A. V. , Poroikov V. V. , Sychev D. A.
Published: October 2020

Currently, the use of mefloquine in patients with COVID-19 does not have sufficient scientific justification and, given the unfavorable efficacy and safety profile, cannot be considered for routine use in clinical practice.
Monitoring of safety using favipiravir: risk management of adverse drug reactions in clinical practice
Authors: Kiselev Yu. Yu. , Matveev A. V. , Mirzaev K. B. , Sychev D. A.
Published: October 2020

Global experience with the clinical use of favipiravir is very limited. Its safety is for further study. Prevention of teratogenic effects (mandatory pregnancy test before starting therapy, compliance with effective contraception by both women and men), control of the level of uric acid, transaminases and ECG are of fundamental importance. Alertness is needed for new, insufficiently documented or previously unreported adverse events such as motor disturbances and falls. Patients should be fully informed about all the risks of therapy before starting it. Special attention is required to timely fill out the approved forms of notifications on the development of HP and report them in time according to the Order of the Federal Service for Surveillance in Healthcare of February 15, 2017 No. 1071 «On approval of the Procedure for the implementation of pharmacovigilance.»
Is it possible to use riamilovir to prevent infection and treat COVID-19?
Authors: Tsvetov V. M. , Mirzaev K. B. , Sychev D. A.
Published: October 2020

Routine clinical use of riamilovir in COVID-19 is not recommended. The use of riamilovir is possible in clinical trials.
Can inhalations of hyaluronidase be used in acute respiratory distress-syndrome in patients with COVID-19?
Authors: Kiselev Yu. Yu. , Mirzaev K. B. , Sychev D. A.
Published: October 2020

Hyaluronidase is currently not included into Russian or foreign guidelines on the treatment of acute respiratory distress-syndrome in patients with COVID-19, and such treatment is not supported by evidence of clinical effectiveness. Hyaluronidase can only be used for COVID-19 within clinical trials.
Possibilities for the use of tofacitinib in patients with COVID-19
Authors: Matveev A. V. , Kiselev Yu. Yu. , Sychev D. A.
Published: October 2020

No published trials measuring effectiveness of tofacitinib in COVID-19 have been identified. Some professional associations recommend discontinuing tofacitinib if SARS-CoV-2 infections is detected. Taken into account possible complications of the use of tofacitinib (infections, lymphopenia, venous thromboembolism), routine use of tofacitinib cannot be recommended unless within clinical trials under supervision of qualified healthcare professionals.
Use of etiotropic and pathogenetic medicines for COVID-19 in patients with renal failure and/or on dialysis
Authors: Tsvetov V. M. , Sychev I. N. , Sychev D. A.
Published: October 2020

Impaired kidney function may influence pharmacokinetics of most of the drugs, including the ones used in COVID-19. In this publication, the most important pharmacokinetic parameters and dose adjustment approaches are provided, based on The Renal Drug Handbook и Sanford Guide. In the majority of cases, mild kidney function reduction does not necessitate dose adjustment. Each case should be considered individually, measuring benefits against risks.
What are the indications for combined use of hydroxychloroquine and lopinavir/ritonavir, and how should treatment safety monitoring be performed?
Authors: Kiselev Yu. Yu. , Tsvetov V. M. , Mirzaev K. B. , Sychev D. A.
Published: October 2020

Some guidelines describe combined use of hydroxychloroquine and lopinavir/ritonavir as one of the treatment alternatives for severe COVID-19, yet this treatment is not preferable. It requires careful consideration of possible interactions with other drugs, monitoring of cardiotoxicity (including QT-interval measurement), and hepatotoxicity (measurement of ASAT/ ALAT).
Could canakinumab be used for COVID-19?
Authors: Otdelenov V. A. , Mirzaev K. B. , Sychev D. A.
Published: October 2020

Use of canakinumab in patients with COVID-19 is currently lacking proper evidence base, and should not be recommended outside of clinical trials.
Rationality of routine clinical use of olokizumab in COVID-19
Authors: Tsvetov V. M. , Matveev A. V. , Sychev D. A.
Published: October 2020

Routine clinical use of olokizumab in COVID-19 is not recommended. The use of olokizumab is possible in clinical trials.
Current and future use of colchicine in patients with COVID-19
Authors: Kiselev Yu. Yu. , Matveev A. V. , Sychev D. A.
Published: October 2020

There exist some theoretical premises for the use of colchicine in patients with COVID-19, and clinical trials are underway. There is currently no published evidence confirming effectiveness and safety of colchicine in COVID-19 and allowing to recommend it for general practice. If prescribing colchicine, the one should perform clinical and hematological monitoring and avoid drug interactions.
Current and future use of umifenovir in patients with COVID-19
Authors: Kiselev Yu. Yu. , Zagorodnikova K. A. , Ivashchenko D. V. , Krykov A. V. , Sychev I. N. , Matveev A. S. , Mirzaev K. B. , Otdelenov V. A. , Tsvetov V. M. , Dmitriev A. V. , Poroikov V. V. , Sychev D. A.
Published: October 2020

At the time of print, the evidence for using umifenovir in COVID-19 is mainly theoretical. The published clinical trials have contradicting results. The decision to use umifenovir in COVID-19 should be individualized, considering the “experimental” nature of this treatment.
Possibility for the use of bromhexine to prevent infection with SARS-CoV-2
Authors: Zagorodnikova K. A. , Mirzaev K. B. , Sychev D. A.
Published: October 2020

The routine use of bromhexine to prevent infection SARS-CoV-2 is not recommended. The use of bromhexine is possible in clinical trials.
Possibilities for the use of hydroxychloroquine for pre- and postexposure prophylaxis of SARS-CoV-2 infection among exposed contacts and healthcare personnel
Authors: Otdelenov V. A. , Krykov A. V. , Sychev D. A.
Published: October 2020

There currently exists no published robust data which would confirm effectiveness and safety of hydroxychloroquine in pre- and postexposure prophylaxis of SARS-CoV-2 infection. Taking into account in vitro data, which indicates inhibitory activity of hydroxychloroquine against SARS-CoV-2, and interim guidelines by the Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation, hydroxychloroquine can be considered as postexposure prophylaxis among healthcare personnel who have been in contact with patients with laboratory confirmed SARS-CoV-2, provided no contraindications and significant drug interactions are present. Safety monitoring should be performed before prescribing and during the course of treatment (ECG, total blood count and blood biochemistry, ophthalmologist evaluation before long-term treatment).
Change of opinion on the use of hydroxychloroquine for COVID-19 treatment and prevention
Authors: Mirzaev K. B. , Sychev D. A.
Published: October 2020

The use of hydroxychloroquine for COVID-19 treatment and prevention should be restricted in both out- and inpatient settings due to the lack of evidence for effectiveness and unfavorable safety profile.
Current and future use of remdesivir in patients with COVID-19
Authors: Tsvetov V. M. , Mirzaev K. B. , Sychev D. A.
Published: October 2020

There are prerequisites for the use of remdesivir against SARS-CoV-2 in stationary conditions. Remdesivir is not registered in the Russian Federation. The preliminary results of randomized clinical trials on the efficacy of remission are contradictory.
Cкiнченнi групи з -субнормальною силовською підгрупою
Authors: Kniahina V. N. , Monakhov V. S.
Published: October 2020

УДК 512.542
Нехай — множина всіх простих чисел. Пiдгрупа скінченної групи називається - субнормальною, якщо або або існує такий ряд підгруп що Встановлено -розв'язність скінченних груп із -субнормальною силовською -підгрупою непарного порядку і доведено метанiльпотентнiсть груп із -субнормальними узагальненими підгрупами Шмiдта.