bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Dietary assessment of vitamin A and iron among pregnant women at Ndhiwa Sub District hospital – Kenya
Authors:   Kenyatta University, Nairobi Kenya, Othoo DA , Waudo J ,   Kenyatta University, Nairobi Kenya, Kuria EN ,   Kenyatta University, Nairobi Kenya
Published: January 2022

Vitamin A and iron deficiencies are among nutritional deficiencies of public health concern in the developing countries. Infants, children, pregnant and lactating women are at high risk of both deficiencies as a result of inadequate dietary intakes and associated physiological changes that cause increased demands for nutrients. Focus has in the past been on vitamin A and iron status of children below five years with little on maternal vitamin A and iron status and dietary habits . Studies on dietary intakes of these nutrients among pregnant women are limited in Kenya . This study assessed vitamin A and iron consumption levels as well as relationship between vitamin A consumption level, iron consumption levels and nutritional status of pregnant women. A descriptive analytical case study was carried out among 162 pregnant women who were accessed from Ndhiwa Maternal and Child Health (MCH clinic) and outpatient sections and recruited for the study through simple random sampling. Data was collected using a semi -structured questionnaire and focused group discussion on home visits. The study found that most pregnant women (88%) did not meet their Recommended Dietary Allowances (RDA) for vitamin A as indicated by intake of less than 800μg per day. Majority (9 1.4%) did not meet their RDA for iron as indicated by consumption levels of less than 30mg per day. About 29% had BMI of 19.0- 25.0. Other 61% had BMI of < 19.0 while 7% had BMI of 26.0- 29.0 while 3% had BMI of > 29.0. Mid Upper Arm Circumference (MUAC) showed 29% had normal nutritional status (≥21 cm). 61% were under nourished (<21 cm) while 10% were over nourished (>26 cm) . There existed significant relationship between vitamin A consumption levels, iron consumption levels and nutritional status of the pregnant women (r < 1, P < 0.05). Most women had two meals a day with irregular consumption of vitamin A and iron rich foods.
Chemical, sensory and microbiological changes of spotted grunter (Pomadasys commersonnii) under ice storage
Authors:   University of Lagos, Nigeria, Osibona AO , Ezekiel MO ,   Nigerian Institute for Oceanography and Marine Research, Victoria Island, Lagos, Nigeria.
Published: January 2022

The effects of two types of ice on the quality of Pomadasys commersonnii with storage time were conducted. The overall sensory evaluation otherwise known as quality index (QI) range d from 3 – 0, the scores of 3 was for very fresh fish while zero implied deterioration. The QI for fish stored in ice block ranged from 2.9 – 1.0, 2.0 – 0.0, 2.2 – 0.0, 3.0 – 0.0, 2.8 – 0.2 and 3.0 – 1.0 for skin, gill, belly, odour, eyes and col our , respectively and for fish samples stored in ice cube were 2.9 -1.0, 2.5 - 0.0 , 2.2- 0.0, 2.9- 0.0, 2.2- 0.0 and 3.0- 1.0 for skin, gill, belly, odour, eyes and col our respectively from the 4th to the 22 nd day. The QI of the fish stored in ice block at 18th day which is the shelf life were 1.6, 1.4, 1.2, 1.1, 1.4 and 2.0 while that of fish samples stored in cube ice were 1.6, 1.3, 1.0, 0.6, 1.5 and 2.0 for texture of skin, gill, belly, odour, eyes and colour along vertebra column. The odour was fresh until after the 8 days; the belly/ gut has the least QI scores and this corresponded with the microbial load that ha s the highest count. The shelf life of the fish species was estimated to be 18 days. At this time, the fish was still acceptable by the panel members . The microbial load of the skin, flesh, gut and gill at day zero was less than 0.5 x 10 2 and 8.5 x 10 2 -1.56x10 5 , 5.5 x10 2 - 1.25x10 7 , 8.5x10 2 -3.78 x10 7 and1.3x10 2 - 1.89 x10 7 cfu/g and 1.22 x10 5 , 1.82 x10 5 , 2.48 x10 7 and 2.22 x 10 7 cfu/g , respectively for samples stored in block and cube ice. Trimethylamine for fish samples stored in block ice ranged from 0.6 -15.1 mg/100g while that of cube ice was from 0.6 to 16.3 mg/100g. Total volatile nitrogen ranged from19.5- 42.1 mg/100g and 19.5 - 43.7 mg /100g for samples stored in block and cube ice , respectively. The pH increased steadily throughout storage from an initial pH of 7.0 to 7.48 and 7.56 for block and cube ice, respectively. Moisture and protein range for samples stored in block ice were 81.3- 80.6%, and 19.5- 17.02% while for samples stored in cube ice were 81.3- 83.9% and19.5- 15.5% , respectively. Ash remained constant at 1% for all the samples. Results showed a non- significant difference (p = 0.05) , which is an indication that they have the same storage or preservative capacity.
Zalecenia Międzynarodowego Funduszu Walutowego w procesie reformowania polskiego systemu podatkowego
Authors: Raczko Andrzej
Published: January 2022

Przejście, z sukcesem, od centralnie planowanej do wolnorynkowej gospodarki wymagało całkowitej przebudowy systemu podatkowego. Od początku MFW pomagał władzom polskim, formułując rekomendacje i techniczne rozwiązania w swoich raportach. Artykuł wskazuje, jak polskie władze były wspomagane przez MFW i w jakim stopniu polskie reformy były kształtowane przez konsensus waszyngtoński. Zalecenia MFW w sprawie reformy podatkowej powinny być analizowane jako integralna część procesu transformacji. Artykuł poddaje badaniu, które z rekomendacji MFW były przyjmowane przez polskie władze i dlaczego niektóre zmiany systemu podatkowego były dalekie od najlepszych praktyk podsuwanych przez MFW. Chociaż od chwili przyjęcia Polski do UE uwaga MFW mniej koncentrowała się na sprawach podatkowych, to jednak pomoc techniczna MFW na polu administracji podatkowej była nieoceniona. W artykule znalazła się ocena ostatniej reformy skarbowej podatku VAT z perspektywy rekomendacji misji technicznej MFW. Ostatnia część artykułu jest poświęcona analizie wyzwań, jakie stoją przed przyszłą współpracą z MFW na polu podatkowym.
Between history and politics: the image of Mykhailo Hrushevsky in German Slavic studies of the first third of the 20th century
Authors: Telvak Vitalii , Telvak Viktoria , Yanyshyn Bohdan
Published: January 2022

The article is dedicated to the reception of Mykhailo Hrushevsky’s academic achievements in German science and journalism during the first third of the 20th century, in the years of World War I and the interwar period. The authors emphasize that German scientists were generally honest about the achievements and activity of the Ukrainian historian. Despite their scepticism towards M. Hrushevsky’s Anti-Normanism ideology, they followed closely the emergence of his major scientific works. In the reception of the Ukrainian historian’s work, the academic motivation definitely dominated over the political one, although the latter indirectly appeared in many statements devoted to him. The authors prove the vivid presence of Hrushevsky’s thought in the German Slavic discourse of the period.
Katolicki tygodnik społeczny „Ład” wobec przemian ustrojowych w Polsce w latach 1988–1993. Przyczynek do dziejów polskiej chadecji
Authors: Orzełek Ariel
Published: January 2022

Artykuł przedstawia dzieje tygodnika katolickiego „Ład” oraz skupionych wokół niego środowisk chadeckich w latach 1988–1993. Prezentuje główne spory ideowe chadeków w dobie transformacji ustrojowej, przeobrażenia organizacyjne oraz ich stosunek do wydarzeń na scenie politycznej. Celem artykułu jest też wskazanie przyczyn klęski tradycyjnych partii chadeckich, które nie potrafiły utrzymać się na scenie politycznej, podobnie jak tygodnik „Ład”. Tekst dowodzi, że wynikało to zarówno z przyczyn obiektywnych, uniemożliwiających uzyskanie silnej pozycji przez partie odwołujące się do tradycji międzywojennych, ale i z powodu rozbicia ruchu chadeckiego i polskiej prawicy w ogóle oraz negatywnego odbioru społecznego rządów solidarnościowych. „Ład” i chadecy proponowali interesujące rozwiązania ustrojowe i gospodarcze, jednakże nie potrafili zająć wyraźnego stanowiska w konflikcie politycznym. Wiele ich koncepcji nie budziło zainteresowania opinii publicznej, te zaś, które miały potencjał na stanie się głośnymi, były „przechwytywane” przez inne partie. Pismo i jego środowisko pozostało zatem interesującym elementem historii polskiej myśli politycznej, jednak wobec zdeterminowania polskiej sceny politycznej przez inne kwestie nie zdołały przebić się ze swym umiarkowanym programem.
Insights From Ricoeur’s Hermeneutics on Best Practice In Professional Service Firms: On Perpetual Myth Creation?
Authors: Kosmala Katarzyna
Published: January 2022

Drawing on the work of Ricoeur, this paper contributes to theorisation of the organisational field in understanding of how structural power operates through professional langue in shaping a construction of individual judgement in professional service firms. As Ricoeur argued that judicial sense may be envisaged as one of the best examples of hermeneutic application (1991: 493), I explore practitioners’ sense making and their interaction with the surrounding structures and its discourse, learned and assimilated during the formative years in the context of audit practice. The interviews-based story provides an illustration of (1) the processes of socialisation that are geared towards conceptions of what constitutes professional best practice, where the professional learns to use judgement and follow structure in particular ways (a perpetuated myth of best practice), and (2) the effects of such formation on the working process. The paper contributes insights into organisational theory in areas of negotiating a balance between institutional requirements (structural conditioning of professional epistemology) and technical demands of hermeneutic function (purposive expert activities) in decision making process. The paper concludes that practitioners assume the appearance of professionalism by adopting a particular professional langue where judgement becomes normative in its own terms. These re-production processes in accordance with organisational frames of references for action may be in opposition to the decisional autonomy, where there may be a space for simultaneously creating (agency) and sharing (structure) on the job. The study reveals that professional langue itself is a place of prejudice and bias on the job.
"Oh yes, I remember it well!" Reflections on Using the Life-Grid in Qualitative Interviews with Couples
Authors: Bell Andrew J.
Published: January 2022

The life-grid has previously been used as a tool for improving the reliability of retrospective data in epidemiology. Recent research has suggested that the life-grid may also prove a useful tool for qualitative sociological interviewing, by facilitating the asking of difficult questions and acting as an aide memoire. This paper describes a pilot study which examines the influences the life-grid has upon qualitative interviews with married couples. It finds that use of the life-grid limits interviewees’ willingness to revisit topics, tends to create “event-centred”, non-reflexive, data and does not facilitate the asking of difficult questions. This paper does find that the life-grid acts to stimulate recall, but in a limited, factual fashion. It concludes that the life-grid is unlikely to prove an appropriate tool for qualitative researchers in its present form.
Vision and Performance. The Sociolinguistic Analysis of Genres and Its Application to Focussed Ethnographic Data
Authors: Schnettler Bernt
Published: January 2022

The use of audiovisual recording devices is changing the practice of qualitative research. Extensive corpus of data can be generated in (shortterm) focussed fieldwork. Nevertheless, methods to analyse video data are still in an experimental stage. This article explores the benefits and limitations of applying sociolinguistic genre analysis to audio-visual data. This is illustrated with a case study, based on the videotaped »deep-trance vision« of a New Religious Movement’s spiritual leader, which is one the most famous contemporary religious visionaries in Germany. The analysis aims to reconstruct the construction of this religious experience of transcendence from the perspective of its followers. We will examine three different levels of communication (a) the inner context, exploring the textual, gestural, mimical and prosodic aspects, (b) the intermediate level where the focus lies on the setting and decorum, and finally (c) the outer context, focussing on the social embedding of this form of »transcendent« communication and its filmic presentation. The article closes with a reflection on the need to combine hermeneutic analysis of case studies based on textual analysis with ethnographic field data and observation to contextualise its interpretation.
Comparison of the effect of marine-derived omega-3 fatty acids (n-3 FAs) as an adjunct to a non-steroidal inflammatory drug (NSAID) therapy vs NSAID therapy alone, for dogs with osteoarthritis
Authors: Wong Lok Yee Stephanie , Govendir Merran
Published: January 2022

PICO question

Does treatment with a non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug (NSAID) with supplementation of marine-derived  omega-3 fatty acids (n-3FAs) compared to the NSAID alone, result in an increased ability to exert force by the osteoarthritic limb(s) of dogs or alleviate other measures of osteoarthritis?

 

Clinical bottom line

Category of research question

Treatment

The number and type of study designs reviewed

Two prospective, block-randomised, clinical trials

Strength of evidence

None

Outcomes reported

Kwananocha et al. (2016) investigated administration of carprofen supplemented with marine-derived n-3 FAs, to carprofen alone, administered over 4 weeks. Vijarnsorn et al. (2019) investigated administration of firocoxib supplemented with n-3FA, to firocoxib alone, for 4 weeks.  There were no statistical differences between treatment groups at week 2 and week 4 post-treatment for either study. Both studies also reported orthopaedic assessment score (OAS) based on scoring the extent of patient lameness and pain in the affected joint. There were no statistical changes in OASs between treatment groups at week 2 or week 4 post-treatment for either study

Conclusion

There is no evidence that marine-derived n-3 FAs provide additional benefit when used as adjunctive agents with NSAIDs for the treatment of canine osteoarthritis

 

How to apply this evidence in practice

The application of evidence into practice should take into account multiple factors, not limited to: individual clinical expertise, patient’s circumstances and owners’ values, country, location or clinic where you work, the individual case in front of you, the availability of therapies and resources.

Knowledge Summaries are a resource to help reinforce or inform decision making. They do not override the responsibility or judgement of the practitioner to do what is best for the animal in their care.
A����es de saǧde e o uso de protocolos cl��nicos pelo enfermeiro na estratǸgia saǧde da fam��lia
Authors: Lemos Patr��cia Ferraccioli Siqueira , De Oliveira Sonia Acioli , Daher Donizete Vago , Koopmans Fabiana Ferreira , Pires Bruna Maiara Ferreira Barreto , Faria Magda Guimarǜes de Araǧjo
Published: January 2022

Objetivo: Analisar as a����es de saǧde realizadas pelos enfermeiros e o uso de protocolos cl��nicos e de diretrizes terapǦuticas no contexto atual da EstratǸgia Saǧde da Fam��lia, no munic��pio do Rio de Janeiro. MǸtodo: Estudo transversal de abordagem quantitativa. Resultados: As a����es preconizadas pela Pol��tica Nacional da Aten��ǜo Bǭsica (n= 232) foram expressivas para: aten��ǜo �� saǧde dos indiv��duos (213 �_" 91,81); consulta de enfermagem (215 �_" 92,67%); aten��ǜo �� demanda espontǽnea (216 �_" 93,10%), planejamento, gerǦncia e avalia����es (173 �_" 74,57%). Os protocolos mais consultados foram: aten��ǜo �� saǧde da crian��a (94 �_" 62,25%); �� saǧde da mulher (89 �_" 57,05%); �� saǧde do homem e ao planejamento familiar (85 - 56,07). Conclusǜo: Os enfermeiros que atuam na saǧde da fam��lia acreditam que os protocolos cl��nicos e diretrizes terapǦuticas correspondem a ferramentas que apoiam �� realiza��ǜo de suas a����es de saǧde e facilitam a abordagem cl��nica.
Processo de enfermagem no ambiente hospitalar: potencialidades, fragilidades e estratǸgias vivenciadas por enfermeiros
Authors: Fernandes Moreira Raysa , Kraemer Haag Bethǽnia , Zamberlan Clǭudia , Filipin Rangel Rosiane , Ilha Silomar
Published: January 2022

Objetivo: Descrever as potencialidades e fragilidades vivenciadas por enfermeiros, atuantes no contexto hospitalar acerca do Processo de Enfermagem, bem como as estratǸgias para auxiliar nesse contexto. MǸtodo: Pesquisa explorat��ria, descritiva, de abordagem qualitativa, realizada com 15 enfermeiros atuantes em um hospital pǧblico municipal, localizado no Rio Grande do Sul, Brasil. Os dados foram coletados por meio de um questionǭrio semiestruturado, os quais foram submetidos �� anǭlise textual discursiva. Resultados: Geraram uma categoria central - vivǦncias de enfermeiros, atuantes no contexto hospitalar acerca do Processo de Enfermagem; e oito categorias, das quais, trǦs referentes a unidade de base - potencialidades vivenciadas por enfermeiros acerca do Processo de Enfermagem; trǦs, referentes a unidade - fragilidades vivenciadas por enfermeiros acerca do Processo de Enfermagem; e duas, sobre a unidade - EstratǸgias sugeridas para auxiliar na realiza��ǜo do Processo de Enfermagem. Conclusǜo: A compreensǜo das potencialidades e fragilidades Ǹ fundamental para o planejamento de estratǸgias para auxiliar no processo de enfermagem.
Tradu��ǜo do Conhecimento, CiǦncia da Implementa��ǜo e Enfermagem
Authors: Bueno Mariana
Published: January 2022

A enfermagem enquanto ciǦncia tem como objetivo expandir o conhecimento acerca das experiǦncias humanas por intermǸdio de pesquisa e cria��ǜo de conceitos. E embora enfermeiros pesquisadores estejam constantemente engajados na cria��ǜo e difusǜo do conhecimento, reconhece-se a necessidade de traduzir seus achados de pesquisa em a����es na prǭtica cl��nica, com vistas a melhorar a saǧde e a qualidade de vida de indiv��duos assistidos por enfermeiros em diferentes contextos.
Thermal model of an asynchronous traction motor of a diesel locomotive
Authors:   Emperor Alexander I Petersburg State Transport University, Kiselev I. G. , Kurilkin D. N. ,   Emperor Alexander I Petersburg State Transport University, Shreiber M. A. ,   Emperor Alexander I Petersburg State Transport University
Published: January 2022

Objective: Evaluation of the temperature regime of the windings of an asynchronous traction electric motor with a squirrel-cage rotor (ATED) of the DAT-350 type of a 2TE25A diesel locomotive using the de- Современные технологии – транспорту 467 ISSN 1815-588Х. Известия ПГУПС 2021/4 veloped thermal model. Methods: The research was carried out by the fi nite element method in the application for calculating steady-state temperature fi elds SolidWorks. Resuls: To ensure the specifi ed service life of the ATED, the temperature rise of the windings must be limited to safe values, based on the insulation class. Therefore, it is crucial that designers and operators have access to accurate and computati onally effi cient, physics-based ATED thermal behavior modeling tools. Practical results: Using the proposed methods, it is possible to accurately and effectively evaluate the thermal characteristics of ATED of promising diesel locomotives. In addition, designers can easily and quickly adjust the parameters and performance characteristics of the ATED in such a way that they are conducive to improving the overall performance of the locomotive.
Energy optimization of train movement modes in the language of C # program
Authors:   Emperor Alexander I Petersburg State Transport University, LESOV Altynbek T. , IVASHCHENKO Valery O. ,   Emperor Alexander I Petersburg State Transport University
Published: January 2022

Objective: Analysis of existing methods for fi nding optimal modes of handling trains on the training ground of Uzbek railways to optimize the use of electrical energy within the train schedule and its optimization in terms of minimizing electricity consumption. Traction calculations are an important part of the science of train traction, one of the main activities carried out for the organization of train operation and the design of railway lines. The methods of traction calculations include a set of methods and techniques for determining the mass of the train, the speed of movement and section time taken, the fuel and electricity consumption for traction, and the solution of braking problems. Methods: The method of choosing the trajectory of the train movement provides for the calculation in the form of blocks with the initial data of the train parameters and takes into account two problems of solving the train motion equation. Results: Based on the developed computer shell for performing traction calculations, a graphical dependence of the speed of an electric locomotive on the distance covered (energy-optimal curves of train movement) on the section Altyaryk station – Margelan station was built. Practical importance: The described calculation methodology with the use of computer shell blocks makes it possible to signifi cantly simplify and speed up the traction calculations, ensure high accuracy of the results and present them in a convenient and graphic form
AGUSTIN DE BETANCOURT AS CREATOR OF OPTICAL TELEGRAPH MACHINE USED ON THE FIRST EUROPEAN RAILWAY LINES AND PRECURSOR OF RAILWAY SIGNALLING SYSTEMS
Authors:   Omsk State Transport University, Vlasenko S. V. , Sushkov S. A. ,   Omsk State Transport University, Grishechko S. V. ,   Omsk State Transport University
Published: January 2022

The origin of signalling principles, their purpose and development since the 4th century BC are described. Claude Chappe' s research on the peculiarities of human vision and the rationale for the choice of colors for the optical telegraph are presented. These principles are used in modern rail and road signaling systems with slight modifi cations to refl ect the development of technology. The transmission apparatus and the Claude Chappe alphabet are presented, documentary examples of its use in France are proposed, and the main disadvantages of this principle of data transmission are indicated. Further in the article, an alternative principle of data transmission using a single semaphore wing in an optical telegraph is presented. It was developed and introduced in 1798 between Madrid and Cadiz (Spain) by Agustin de Betancourt. The article shows the diagrams of the optical telegraph apparatus of Agustin de Betancourt, and also gives its comparison with fi rst mechanical signals used in railway transport. With references to historical documents and evidence, the evolution of the optical telegraph by Agustin de Betancourt from data transmission systems between cities to systems for the exchange of information between neighboring railway posts and stations on the fi rst railway lines is presented. The evolution of the telegraph from mechanical devices announcing the train approach to the railway post to the signals for train drivers thanks to the change of wing position is shown. As a transitional stage from mechanical to electrical signals in railway transport, the principle of operation of semaphores with kerosene lamps lit at night with light fi lters mechanically connected to the position of the wing is explained. Based on development of mechanical signals, the historical reasons for signal aspect with two lamps in diff erent modern signalling systems are presented. The article opens a new, previously little-known page of the activities by Agustin de Betancourt, who was not only the fi rst rector of the fi rst transport high school in Russia but also one of developers of data transmission systems used optical telegraph. His inventions such as mechanical signal with one wing are using in improved form in railway signalling systems up today.
SYNTHESIS METHODS OF SELF-CHECKING COMBINATIONAL DEVICES OF AUTOMATIC CONTROLS BASED ON LOGICAL COMPLEMENT TO THE EQUILIBRIUM 1-OUT-OF 4 CODE
Authors:   Scientific and Technical Center «Integrated Monitoring Systems» LLC, Efanov D. V. , Osadchy G. V. ,   Scientific and Technical Center «Integrated Monitoring Systems» LLC, Leskovets I. V. ,   The Belarusian-Russian University, Mogilev
Published: January 2022

The article is devoted to the development of the logical complement method for the synthesis of self-checking digital devices and systems. The article highlights the features of using the equilibrium 1-out-of 4 code for the synthesis of integrated control circuits of combinational logic devices by the method of logical complement. The basic structures of the organization of built-in control schemes by the method of logical complement to the equilibrium 1-out-of 4 code are described and several ways of organizing control schemes are considered. The fi rst one implies the control of devices with the allocation of outputs fours and the use of conversion of three outputs out of four in the basic structure. There is another way of organizing the control circuit by the method of logical complement to the equilibrium code and it involves the search for outputs triplets and their addition to the four-digit code word of the 1-out-of 4 code by directly connecting the output of the supervisor logic block to the tester input without any signal conversion. The third method is associated with the use of a basic structure with the circuit for the preliminary signal compression from the unit under test and the reduced number of outputs control. The article presents the results of experimental studies for each of the methods of organizing the built-in control circuit and estimates the structures technical implementation complexity as well as the probability of detecting errors at the outputs of the unit under test when single-stuck faults are introduced. In many cases the logical complement method allows to synthesize simpler self-checking devices compared to the duplication method with high rates of error detection at the unit under test outputs.
A survey of medicinal plants of Wadi Al-Kouf in Al-Jabal Al-Akhdar, Libya
Authors:   Botany Department, Faculty of Sciences, University of Benghazi, Benghazi, Libya, Al-Traboulsi Manal , Alaib Mohamed A. ,   Botany Department, Faculty of Sciences, University of Benghazi, Benghazi, Libya
Published: January 2022

Al-Jabal Al-Akhdar (the Green Mountain) of Cyrenaica, Libya is known to have the highest plant species diversity in the country, particularly in the depressions and the valleys of the mountain. Wadi Al-Kouf is the largest valley in the mountain, with a rich flora of aromatic and medicinal plants. The present investigation was conducted to record and list the medicinal plant species growing in the valley during the flowering season of 2019. Results revealed that Wadi Al-Kouf hosts 107 medicinal plant species belonging to 49 families and 93 genera. Dicotyledons were the most represented group of angiospermae with 38 families, 79 genera and 89 species, whereas Monocotyledons were represented by only 8 families, 10 genera and 13 species. Asteraceae, Lamiaceae, Fabaceae and Solanaceae were the families with the highest number of species; 11, 9, 6 and 6 species, respectively. The most dominant life forms found in the valley were Therophytes (25.2%), Phanerophytes (25.2%) and Chamaephytes (24.3%), followed by Hemicryptophytes (15.9%) and Geophytes (9.3%). Nine endemic species were detected and recorded.
The Effect of Collaborative Learning on Academic Motivation
Authors: Loes Chad N.
Published: January 2022

This paper explores the effect of collaborative learning on academic motivation among students from 17 institutions throughout the United States. Even in the presence of a wide array of potential confounders, collaborative learning exerted a statistically significant and positive influence on students’ academic motivation levels across four years of undergraduate education. Tests for the presence of interaction effects suggest that the relationship between collaborative learning and academic motivation is similar for all students, regardless of racial or ethnic background.
Programação de computadores com o scratch
Authors: Oro Neuza Terezinha , Pazinato Ariane Mileidi , Martins Lucia Maria Martins , Silva Thaisa Leal da
Published: January 2022

Este artigo apresenta uma análise da programação envolvida em animações criadas por estudantes da Escola de Hackers, usando o software Scratch 2.0. A Escola de Hackers é um projeto interinstitucional entre a Secretaria Municipal de Passo Fundo, a Universidade de Passo Fundo, a Faculdade Meridional e o Instituto Federal Sul Rio Grandense, que oportunizam espaço para a aprendizagem de programação de computadores, desenvolvendo habilidades de autonomia e criatividade. Nesta análise procuramos evidenciar conhecimentos científicos aplicados na construção dos cenários, atores e códigos de programação de animações de histórias natalinas. As animações neste artigo foram elaboradas por alunos da escola municipal Notre Dame, como encerramento do ano letivo de 2014.
Minsk Agreements: On the Verge of Disruption
Authors: Solov’ev E.
Published: January 2022

The rather one-sided interpretation by the US and EU countries of the essence of the Minsk Agreements as the restoration of the territorial integrity of Ukraine, which was particularly evident in 2021, and the growing military assistance to Kiev from the US and a number of Western countries led to a tightening of the position of the Zelensky administration regarding prospects of the implementation of the Minsk Agreements and demands of their open revision. And the example of Azerbaijan's successful military campaign in Nagorno-Karabakh in the context of the modernization of the Ukrainian military forces has put on the agenda the question of a possibility and success of the use of force scenarios in the process of restoring territorial integrity of the country. The situation around Donbass is gradually turning into a large scale international crisis with potentially extremely destabilizing consequences for the entire international security system. As a result, Ukraine, under the leadership of a populist president, appeared on the verge of war, also capable of acting as a detonator of a serious aggravation in the total system of international relations.
Challenges of CRISPR-based Gene Editing in Primary T Cells
Authors: Rezalotfi Alaleh , Fritz Lea , Förster Reinhold , Bošnjak Berislav
Published: January 2022

Adaptive T cell immunotherapy holds great promise for the successful treatment of leukemia as well as other types of cancers. More recently, it was also shown to be an effective treatment option for chronic virus infections in immunosuppressed patients. Autologous or allogeneic T cells used for immunotherapy are usually genetically modified to express novel T cell or chimeric antigen receptors. The production of such cells was significantly simplified with the CRISPR/Cas system allowing deletion or insertion of novel genes at specific locations within the genome. In this review, we describe recent methodological breakthroughs important for the conduction of these genetic modifications, summarize crucial points to be considered when conducting such experiments, and highlight the potential pitfalls of these approaches.
CSF Upward Motion Is Crucial for ETV Success
Authors: Ludwig Hans , Dreha-Kulaczewski Steffi , Bock Christoph
Published: January 2022

Purpose: ETV is indicated for treating obstructions of major CSF pathways. The outcome evaluation often yields success rates of only +- 70% for shunt independency. Hence, compromised CSF absorption seems to occur more often than expected. We searched for parameters suitable to assess the involved CSF dynamics. Material and Methods: This was a prospective study in 58 paediatric patients (7.7 yrs. mean age) between 2000 and 2020 with aqueductal stenosis (11/58), obstruction of the aqueduct due to tumor growth (22/58),and connatal hydrocephalus (9/58). The average follow-up interval was 4.7 years. Head circumferences, Evans- and fronto-occipital horn ratios before and 3 months after ETV were obtained as Delta-indices. Furthermore ETV success score (ETVSS), the patency of the aqueduct pre- and postoperatively as well as of the stoma were assessed by flow void signs on MRI. Evaluation on MRI also included the shape of the floor of the 3rd ventricle and whether or not the septum pellucidum showed signs of perforation. Four patients were analysed pre- and postoperatively via real-time MRI. At least the educational status regarding protected or unprotected education was analyzed. Results:The prevalence of a bowing of the floor of the 3rd ventricle was 72%, and the ETVSS was 71.0%. In 26 children a septal perforations or an open aqueduct prior to ETV (19) could be identified. Mean ER and FOHR were reduced by 0.03 and 0.05 , respectively. Maintained open (flow void on postop MRI) or perforation could successfully be carried out during endoscopic surgery in 44 patients (79%). The disproportionate increase of head circumference abated in 79.4% of patients. New shunt insertion occurred in 16 patients (27.5%). Intraoperatively upward CSF flow was detected in all cases. Statistical analyses(ANOVA) showed significant results for unprotected education, postoperative ER and FOHR but not for open stoma. Conclusion: The identification of flow through the stoma on postoperative MRI seems to be a necessary but not sufficient condition for ETV success. In our study, ventricular volumes were used as parameters to determine success rates as well as unprotected education. Furthermore, enabling upward CSF flow driven by inspiration seems crucial for successful ETV.
Biological Effects of Non-ionizing Electromagnetic Fields to 27 GHz on Sperm Quality of Mytilus galloprovincialis
Authors: Pecoraro Roberta , Pavone Santi Concetto , Scalisi Elena Maria , Sica Carmen , Ignoto Sara , Contino Martina , Salvaggio Antonio , Sorbello Gino , Di Donato Loreto , Brundo Maria Violetta
Published: January 2022

Recently, a rising use of wireless internet technologies has been demonstrated. The devices which use these technologies emit a considerable amount of electromagnetic radiation (EMFs) which could interact with the male reproductive system. The aim of this study was to investigate in vitro influence of electromagnetic fields a 27 GHz on sperm quality in Mytilus galloprovincialis. The experiments were conducted with a no commercial high gain pyramidal horn antenna. Sperm samples, taken from sexually mature males of M. galloprovincialis, were placed in seawater. Once evaluated the number and quality of spermatozoa, sperm cells were exposed to electromagnetic fields. The effect of exposure was evaluated after 10, 20, 30 and 40 minutes with light microscope and using Eosin test. All the samples were performed in triplicate and statistical analysis was carried out by one-way ANOVA test. A significative decrease (30%) in sperm motility was ob-served after 10 minutes of exposure and after 30 minutes all sperms were immobile and not vital. The measurement of the Oxidation Reduction Potential (sORP), which evaluates the oxidative damage on spermatozoa, shows how the exposure to 27 GHz has increased the oxidant amount compared to the control groups. This study provides useful data on potential ecological impact of the EMFs on aquatic animals, that currently are poor investigated.
Image based annotation of Chemogenomic Libraries for Phenotypic Screening
Authors: Tjaden Amelie , Chaikuad Apirat , Kowarz Eric , Marschalek Rolf , Knapp Stefan , Schröder Martin , Müller Susanne
Published: January 2022

Phenotypical screening is a widely used approach in drug discovery for the identification of small molecules with cellular activities. However, functional annotation of identified hits often poses a challenge. The development of small molecules with narrow or exclusive target selectivity such as chemical probes and chemogenomic (CG) libraries, greatly diminishes this challenge, but non-specific effects caused by compound toxicity or interference with basic cellular functions still poses a problem to associate phenotypic readouts with molecular targets. Hence, each compound should ideally be comprehensively characterized regarding its effects on general cell functions. Here, we report an optimized live-cell multiplexed assay that classifies cells based on nuclear morphology, presenting an excellent indicator for cellular responses such as early apoptosis and necrosis. This basic readout in combination with the detection of other general cell damaging activities of small molecules such as changes in cytoskeletal morphology, cell cycle and mitochondrial health provides a comprehensive time-dependent characterization of the effect of small molecules on cellular health in a single experiment. The developed high-content assay offers multi-dimensional comprehensive characterization that can be used to delineate generic effects regarding cell functions and cell viability, allowing an assessment of compound suitability for subsequent detailed phenotypic and mechanistic studies.
Comprehensive analysis of imipenemase (IMP)-type metallo-Beta-lactamase showing global distribution threating Asia
Authors: Pongchaikul Pisut , Mongkolsuk Paninee
Published: January 2022

Antibiotic resistance, particularly beta-lactam resistance, is a major problem worldwide. Imipenemase or IMP-type metallo-beta-lactamase (MBL) has become a more prominent enzyme, especially in Asia, since it was discovered in the 1990s in Japan. There are currently more than 91 variants of IMP-type enzymes. The most commonly identified variant of IMP-type enzymes is IMP-1 variant. IMP-type MBLs have been identified in more than 10 species in Enterobacterales. Pseudomonas aeruginosa is the most frequent carrier of IMP-type enzymes worldwide. In Asia, IMP-type MBLs have been distributed in many countries in the region. This work investigated a variety of currently available IMP-type MBLs in both global level and regional level. Out of 88 variants of IMP-type MBLs reported worldwide, only 32 variants were found to have susceptibility profiles. Most of the IMP-type MBLs were resistant to Carbapenems, especially Imipenem and Meropenem, followed by the 3rd generation cephalosporins, and interestingly, monobactams. Our results comprehensively indicated the distribution of IMP-type MBLs in Asia and raised the awareness of the situation of antimicrobial resistance in the region.
Two Notes on the Theoretical Physics of ATP Synthase
Authors: Chaturvedi Archit
Published: January 2022

ATP Synthase is an essential molecule in cell and molecular biology. It is responsible for the production of ATP during cellular respiration, a molecule that provides the energy required to drive a number of cellular processes. In this paper, I explore the rotational physics of ATP Synthase’s rotor, a part of the protein that spins during the production of ATP. Firstly, I discuss some elementary rotational kinematics of the rotor. I then derive two alternate formulations for the total linear acceleration of the rotor. Finally, I derive formulas for the moment of inertia, angular momentum, net torque, and kinetic energy of the rotor. Through this, I hope to provide a theoretical and mathematical insight into the mechanics of ATP Synthase during the production of ATP.
Daya Saing Mahasiswa dan Mahasiswi di Kawasan Perbatasan Mengikuti Perkuliahan Online Masa Pandemi Covid-19 (Analisis Naratif-Kualitatif)
Authors: Savitri Desy Irsalina , Adiasti Nindya , Bua Mety Toding , Al-Wahid Sucahyo Mas'an , Saputra Ady
Published: January 2022

Tahun 2018 merupakan tahun digencarkannya pembelajaran 4.0 dan society 5.0 yang mengandalkan jejaring sosial melalui jalur daring. Sejak pandemi covid terhitung awal tahun 2020 dan sejak diturukan peraturan dari Kemendikbud tentang perkuliahan tatap muka menjadi perkuliahan online mau tidak mau hampir semua kalangan masyarakat akhirnya memelajari hal tersebut. Banyak yang mengalami kesulitan menghadapi kondisi yang mendadak ini. Artikel ini akan membahas terkait daya saing/kompetitif mahasiswa PGSD mengikuti kuliah online yang berbasis pembelajaran 4.0 di Universitas Borneo Tarakan di masa pandemi covid 19 yang awalnya tatap muka menjadi perkuliahan online dari rumah. Artikel ini di  lihat dari sudut pandang kualitatif, menggunakan pendekatan analisis naratif. Paparan data analisis akan dijelaskan dalam bentuk naratif. Hasilnya terdapat perbedaan signifikan antara daya saing mahasiswa dan mahasiswi mengikuti perkuliahan online, dari angkatan 2019 kelas A dan C. Banyak kendala yang mereka hadapi namun persentase potensi kompetitif mahasiswi PGSD lebih besar dibandinkan mahasiswa dalam mengikuti menghadapi kendala pada proses perkuliahan online. Jika dilihat dari motivasi koordinasi dengan kelompok mahasiswa perempuan jurusan ini dapat dikatakan cukup baik. Berbeda dengan mahsiswa laki-laki sejak sebelum pembelajaran daring memang agak sulit termotivasi untuk memperoleh prestasi akademik maupun non akademik. Hanya masih membutuhkan motivasi lebih dari pihak ekstern (Keluarga, Lingkungan Belajar dan Dosen)
Efektivitas dan Kebermanfaatan Modul Belajar Mandiri Calon Guru Aparatur Sipil Negara (ASN) PPPK (Pegawai Pemerintah Dengan Perjanjian Kerja)
Authors: Raraswati Palupi , Meliyanti Meliyanti , Aryanto Sani
Published: January 2022

Direktorat Jenderal Guru dan Tenaga Kependidikan menginisiasi pengembangan Program Guru Belajar dan Berbagi seri Belajar Mandiri Calon Guru Aparatur Sipil Negara (ASN) Pegawai Pemerintah Perjanjian Kerjasama (PPPK) sebagai sarana untuk mengaktualisasikan berbagai kompetensi yang dimiliki, mengevaluasi diri, mengembangkan diri secara mandiri dan berkelanjutan serta diharapkan menjadi salah satu alternatif pilihan bahan penunjang pembelajaran yang tepat dalam menyiapkan ujian ASN PPPK. Secara praktek, digitalisasi modul PPPK dilakukan melalui dua jalur, yaitu melalui laman https://gurubelajardanberbagi.kemdikbud.go.id/ dan melalui flashdisk yang berisi konten modul digital. Hal ini dipandang sebagai bentuk upaya untuk mendistribusikan konten ke sekolah-sekolah yang berada di daerah tertinggal karena meskipun responden menunjukkan hasil yang memuaskan terhadap modul, proses distribusi sering dianggap sebagai salah satu tantangan yang signifikan. Oleh karena itu, penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui efektivitas dan kegunaan modul pembelajaran mandiri yang disusun oleh Direktorat Jenderal. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode survey dengan melibatkan 5941 responden di seluruh Indonesia yang terdiri dari kalangan guru, tenaga kependidikan, dan beberapa pihak dari Dinas Pendidikan. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa sebagian besar responden menganggap modul belajar mandiri sangat membantu mempersiapkan calon PNS menghadapi ujian.
HUBUNGAN LINGKUNGAN SEKOLAH DENGAN MOTIVASI BELAJAR SISWA KELAS V SDN SE-KECAMATAN BUTUH TAHUN AJARAN 2019/2020
Authors: Sari Sri Etika , Susiani Tri Saptuti , Joharman Joharman
Published: January 2022

Every student has different learning motivation. It is influenced by school environment. The study aimed (1) to prove positive correlation between school environment and learning motivation of fifth grade students of public elementary schools in Butuh sub-district and (2) to determine the contribution of school environment on learning motivation to fifth grade students of public elementary schools in Butuh sub-district. It was quantitative correlational study. The data collection technique was questionnaire. The sampling technique used probability cluster sampling or area sampling. The results showed that there was positive correlation between school environment and learning motivation of fifth grade students. It had strong correlation 0.556. The school environment contributed 28.58%. It concludes that there is positive relationship between school environment and learning motivation to fifth grade students of public elementary schools in Butuh sub-district in academic year of 2019/2020. 
PENGARUH PERHATIAN ORANG TUA TERHADAP HASIL BELAJAR MATEMATIKA SISWA KELAS IV SDN SEKECAMATAN KUTOWINANGUN TAHUN AJARAN 2020/2021
Authors: Afira Cita Suci , Chamdani Muhamad , Suryandari Kartika Chrysti
Published: January 2022

Abstract

The study aimed to determine positive effect between parental attention on mathematics learning outcomes and to determine positive effect between parents’ spontaneous attention on the mathematics learning outcomes to fourth grade students of public elementary schools in Kutowinangun sub district in academic year of 2020/2021. The research was quantitative research with regression method. The SPSS application was applied to analyze regression data. The results showed that the effect of parental attention on mathematics learning outcomes was 55.5% and the effect of parents’ spontaneous attention on mathematics learning outcomes was 31.8% with a Sig. F Change = 0.000 <0.05. It meant that having much parental attention, the higher the students' mathematics learning outcomes. The value of adjusted R square of parental attention on mathematics learning outcomes was 67%. It concludes that there is positive and significant effect between parental attention and mathematics learning outcomes to fourth grade students of public elementary schools in Kutowinangun sub district.

Keywords: parental attention, mathematics learning outcomes

 

Abstrak

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk membuktikan adanya pengaruh positif antara jenis perhatian disengaja terhadap hasil belajar matematika dan pengaruh positif antara jenis perhatian spontan terhadap hasil belajar matematika siswa kelas IV SDN se-Kecamatan Kutowinangun tahun ajaran 2020/2021. Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian kuantitatif dengan metode regresi. Pengambilan sampel dilakukan dengan teknik cluster random sampling. Pada analisis data penelitian, peneliti menggunakan aplikasi SPSS dalam menganalisis regresi data. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa pengaruh jenis perhatian orang tua disengaja terhadap hasil belajar matematika sebesar 55,5 % dan pengaruh jenis perhatian orang tua jenis spontan terhadap hasil belajar matematika sebesar 31,8 % dengan nilai Sig. F Change = 0,000 < 0,05. Nilai sumbangan efektif variabel perhatian orang tua terhadap hasil belajar matematika yaitu sebesar 67%. Berdasarkan analisis dan pembahasan hasil penelitian dapat disimpulkan bahwa terdapat pengaruh positif dan signifikan antara perhatian orang tua dan hasil belajar matematika siswa kelas IV SDN se-Kecamatan Kutowinangun.
Kata Kunci: perhatian orang tua, hasil belajar matematika