bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
On The Threshold Of The Persian Ways
Authors: Archibald Z H
Published: November 2023

The Fifty Years Of Persian Rule On The Aegean coast wrought a profound long-term impact on the territories south of the Danube. This is the period in which the Odrysians are first referred to as a tribe (by Herodotos, though the context is uncertain: 4. 92) and during which they began to gain significant advantages over other tribes. Their pre-eminence was not perhaps apparent before the middle of the fifth century. The invasions of Dareios I and Xerxes undoubtedly strengthened the cultural and political links between Thrace and western Asia. Prior to this cultural links, as reflected in minor bronzework and weapons, were chiefly indirect, mediated through steppe contacts rather than across the Bosphoros, although more evidence of direct exchanges may well emerge in future years.
Metalware And Silver Plate Of The Fourth Century Bc
Authors: Archibald Z H
Published: November 2023

The Disposal Of Large Quantities Of Precious metal in tombs and underground hoards has made Thrace one of the richest sources of late Classical and early Hellenistic metalwork, despite the disappearance of many finds from chamber tombs. The fourth century was truly an age of silver. The 165 vessels from Rogozen alone, leaving aside more than a hundred earlier finds of silverware, outnumber even the sizeable number of surviving bronze vases (c.150) of the same period. The quantity of metal in circulation is connected with the payment of tribute to the Odrysian kings, with the persistence of gift exchange as a mechanism of social and economic interaction, and arguably with more intensive extraction processes.
The Origins and Character of the Mesopotamian City
Authors: Mieroop Marc Van De
Published: November 2023

It is now generally accepted that Mesopotamia is the one region in the Old World where we can say with certainty that an urban civilization arose spontaneously. The origins of cities there have been extensively discussed in the past four decades, not so much by Near Eastern historians, who have often limited their comments to statements of archaeologically discernible facts, but by anthropologists, sociologists, and some urban historians specializing in later periods. The topic is of importance in the study of Mesopotamian urbanism, as our ideas about their origins influence to a great extent how we view the nature of cities in subsequent history. In this chapter I do not intend to give a survey of the events connected with the rise of urbanism, nor an overview and critique of all theories seeking to explain it. I will discuss some of the most influential theories on urban development and point out what elements in them seem most useful for understanding the Mesopotamian situation. This will lead to a consideration of the character of the Mesopotamian city once it was fully developed.
Feeding the Citizens
Authors: Mieroop Marc Van De
Published: November 2023

Any city requires an economic base for its survival, enabling its residents to feed themselves and remain in the same place all the year round; the Mesopotamian city is no exception. As I pointed out before, the city played a central role in the entire economic organization of Mesopotamia, permitting the exchange of goods among various groups: farmers, fishermen, herders, and so on. Moreover, the city was the only place where people not involved in primary food production, such as specialist craftsmen, administrators, and cult personnel, could be supported thanks to an available agricultural surplus. Today, we distinguish between three sectors in our economy: primary food production, secondary manufacture, and tertiary services. In the following three chapters I will discuss these in turn. A lot of information is available on Mesopotamian economic activity, as it often involves the transfer of goods which needed to be put down in writing. Not surprisingly, the textual data are not of a descriptive character, but provide small details of long chains of interactions leading to a finished product, be it food item, manufactured object, or financial settlement. These details need to be placed in a larger context to be properly understood, and in the following chapters I will try to provide a context for the information available to us about various eco
Gaius Cornelius and the Caesarian Vates
Authors: Leigh Matthew
Published: November 2023

How does the Pharsalia activate the opposition between spectacle and engagement? The following movement, which closes Lucan’s catalogue of omens before the battle of Pharsalus, offers an excellent starting-point for investigation. The account begins with the vague fears felt by Romans as far away even as Cadiz in the West and Armenia in the East.
Scaeva-Lucan’s Exemplary Hero
Authors: Leigh Matthew
Published: November 2023

At the height of his aristeia, when apparently overcome at last by his wounds, Caesar’s centurion Scaeva pulls one final trick.
Gambling in Ancient Jewish Society and in the Graeco-Roman World
Authors: Schwartz Joshua
Published: November 2023

It is a commonplace among historians, and particularly historians of games and gambling, that games of chance have existed in most societies, from ancient to modern and from primitive to complex.1 The study of Jewish society has shown that the Jews were not immune to the attractions of gambling. It is the purpose of our present study to examine this phenomenon in Jewish society during the Second Temple, mishnaic, and talmudic periods and to try and determine whether the common view cited above indeed reflects this ancient Jewish society.
Officials
Authors: Lendon J E
Published: November 2023

The attractions of holding a high post in the Roman imperial government were manifold. Who would not be overjoyed to ruin, flog, or execute his more irritating acquaintances? ‘Comandare e meglio di fottere’, as the Sicilians say. An armed guard and the colour of authority could advance almost any end. ‘I can have whomever I want clubbed to death!’ an imagined governor gloats.1 One of the roads the rods of an official cleared most frequently was that to fortune. Offices were remunerative because of the large salaries they came to carry, the gifts that were their holders’ everyday expectation, the opportunities to convert public money into one’s own, and the vantage they afforded for bribes and extortion.It was worthy of remark when an official returned home no richer than when he left.More and more, offices were also valued because of the delightful immunities from costly civic burdens they offered. Indeed, in late antiquity men can be seen seeking official posts solely to enjoy this last benefit, serving briefly or holding their posts in sinecure, and then getting on with their lives.
Collected Essays
Authors: Macleod Colin
Published: November 2023

Colin Macleod died in December 1981 at the age of 38. Many regarded him as already one of the most profound interpreters in our times of Greek and Latin literature and ideas; and it was widely felt that his essays should be collected together in a single volume. There are twenty longer essays, including two previously unpublished, on Homer's poetics and on Thucydides' tragic vision, and some dozen shorter pieces. The three most prominent authors are Thucydides, Horace, and Gregory of Nyssa; but Macleod's extraordinary range included Aeschylus, Catullus, Propertius, and Origen, among many others. He left marginal notes towards any second edition, and these have been collected as an appendix. There is also a list of his many book reviews. This volume has a powerful coherence which comes from Macleod's fusion of scrupulous scholarship with a passionately intense search for wisdom in the creations of the past. He sees great writers, of prose and verse, as using myth, history, theology, and rhetoric as access to some understanding of the human condition. Careful readers will find that these essays have within them deeply-felt insights into society, love, suffering, and death.
Aeschylus, Agamemnon 1285-1289, Sophocles, Oedipus Tyrannus 1403-8
Authors: Macleod Colin
Published: November 2023

After these words begins Cassandra’s long, halting movement into the house and towards her death

Line 1289, untouched in most of the older texts, has not fared well at the hands of the chief modern editors.
Euripides ‘ Rags , Euripides’ Rags Again
Authors: Macleod Colin
Published: November 2023

These questions can be answered by one hypothesis: that the rags and cap are taken to represent copies of the Telephus and the other Euripidean plays. It is as if Dicaeopolis were taking away a text (or part of one) of the Telephus; and the other heroes are visible in so far as their names are also the titles of tragedies. This symbolism could easily have been supported by the staging, if the rags and cap were wound up to look like scrolls.
Propertius 4,1
Authors: Macleod C W
Published: November 2023

The unity and coherence of Propertius 4,1 are still debated. It also poses the reader another and larger question: what an Augustan poet may mean when he considers the different possibilities open to him as a writer, when he states a programme .and refuses alternatives, and in particular when he indicates his relation to Callimachus ‘ aesthetic. That question in its turn leads us to ask how the writer ‘s character as more or less a Callimachean is connected with his character as the poet of love and as the poet of Rome, the vates. The claim of this paper is that Propertius 4,1 is a well-knit whole, and thus represents these three personae as significantly related aspects of one person. In what follows I go through the poem bit by bit in an attempt to illustrate this thesis.
Horace And His Lyric Models: A Note On Epode 9 And Odes 1, 37
Authors: Macleod Colin
Published: November 2023

Epode 9 has its dramatic setting immediately after the battle of Actium, on board ship, or at least close to the scene of the conflict; and it celebrates the victory with Maecenas, whom, as Epode I indicates, Horace has accompanied on the campaign 1• Now it is natural in a book of Parii iambi to look for models in Archilochus, and for these features of Epode 9 there is one of a sort:

1 Cf. C. BARTELS, Hermes IOI (1973), 307. This article discusses admirably, and with ample bibliography, most of the questions commonly raised about this poem; I have therefore dealt with them quite summarily here. For a briefer, also excellent, account in English, see M. J. MCGANN, Latin Poetry in Augustan Rome and Quattrocento Italy (Belfast 1977), 15 - 21.
Allegory And Mysticism In Origen And Gregory Of Nyssa
Authors: Macleod Colin
Published: November 2023

The historian of religion who cares for his subject will always want to get beneath the tangle of cults and dogmas to discover their roots in the heart; and the study of mysticism has the peculiar attraction that it cannot but be concerned with religious experience: for however diverse its forms may be, nearly all imply either a contact with God or at least a search for him. But one of the greatest students of mysticism in antiquity concludes his four-volume masterpiece with these words: ‘L ‘historien ne saitquece qu ‘on Juidit. II nepenetre pas le secret descceurs ‘ (Festugiere, La Revelation d ‘Hermes Trismigiste, iv, Paris, 1954, p. 267). Such words from such an authority should give us pause. At least it seems worth reflecting on what the conditions for our study of mysticism are; the historian will have not only to assemble and exploit his evidence, but consider what sort of setting it comes from and how this affects its Yaluc as a testimony of experience. The remarks which follow are intended as a very small exercise in this branch of history.
The Preface To Gregory Of Nyssa ‘s Life Of Moses
Authors: Macleod Colin
Published: November 2023

The spiritual teaching of Gregory of Nyssa has justly attracted more and more attention in recent years; not so much has been done for the study of the writings which embody it. If there is one place in which Gregory gives the essence of that teaching, it is the preface to the Life of Moses; it is also something of a rhetorical tour de force. In this paper, then, I briefly examine its argumentation and its expression, trying to bring out their character and coherence, and to situate Gregory ‘s thought in its tradition.
Philosophy, Politics, and Politicians at Rome
Authors: Griffin* Miriam
Published: November 2023

A Disscussion of the relation between philosophy and politics may appropriately begin with the famous dictum of Plato in the Republic:Unless either philosophers become kings in our states or those whom we now call kings and rulers take to the pursuit of philosophy seiously and adequately, and there is a conjunction of these two things, political power and philosophical intelligence, there can be no end of troubles for our states or, I think, for the human race. (473 D)
Cardinal Manning
Authors: Pereiro James
Published: November 2023

This book follows the intellectual formation and development of Cardinal Henry Edward Manning (1808-92), from the early years of his Anglican ministry, to his conversion to Rome and his subsequent involvement with Vatican Council I, an area of research which has hitherto attracted little attention. This neglect is all the more surprising when taking into account the significant role that Manning played in many of the most important ecclesiastical events of his time. This present study aims at setting Manning's ideas against their historical background, the events in which he was involved and those which influenced his thought or upon which he exerted his influence, but it also examines the deep personal crisis, both ideological and emotional, that he experienced. It is based on a thorough research into Manning's published works and manuscript sources, many of them previously unused.
Introduction
Authors: Pereiro James
Published: November 2023

Henry Edward Manning ( 1 808–92), sometime Anglican Archdeacon of Chi Chester and later second Catholic Archbishop of Westminster, was one of the most influential figures in the history of the Catholic Church and in English social lilt during the nineteenth century. His role was not confined to the boundaries of his country, or even of the British Empire. He reached much further to play an important part in the life of the Church Universal, particularly during the First Vatican Council, and to work for the cause of the oppressed in continental Europe and in the United States of America. It may therefore come as a surprise to discover the neglect into which his life and work have fallen, a neglect which fails to do justice to his historical stature.
The Preparation of the Council
Authors: Pereiro James
Published: November 2023

Pius IX’s decision to convoke an Ecumenical Council had a long period of gestation. It seems that Cardinal Lambruschini had mentioned this possibility as early as 181-9, as a response to the extraordinary needs of the times. Still, it was not until December 1864 that Pius IX informed the Curial cardinals of his intention of calling a General Council, an idea, he said, which had been in his mind for a long time. The cardinals expressed their favorable opinion, and the wheels of the machinery to prepare the Council were soon set in motion. In March 1865 the newly set up ‘Congregation for the Future Council’ started acting on its own suggestion of preparing, in draft form, the schemata to be discussed. The first step was to consult bishops all over the World about the matters that they con¬ side red should be addressed by the forthcoming Council, and in the following months, letters were sent to the bishops selected for the purpose. The original list did not include any English-speaking bishop among those to be consulted.
Hypereides
Authors: Whitehead David
Published: November 2023

The Athenian lawyer-politician Hypereides (390/89-322 BC) - a central figure in Athenian political life, patriot, bon viveur, contemporary of Demosthenes, and one of the canonical Ten Attic Orators - was credited in antiquity with more than seventy speeches. All were lost until the second half of the nineteenth century, when papyrus finds in Egypt recovered (in whole or part) six, five of them forensic. David Whitehead has for the first time provided a complete commentary on all five of the surviving forensic speeches. This book includes a general introduction, a new and accurate translation, and lavish historical and literary commentary.
Antiochos III and the Cities of Wes tern Asia Minor
Authors: Ma John
Published: November 2023

This work examines a test case for the relationship between the polis and the Hellenistic empire focusing specifically on the interaction between Antiochos III and the cities of Western Asia Minor (226-188 BC). Such a study is possible thanks to a rich epigraphical documentation which has been reproduced extensively and translated in an appendix to this book. Dr Ma approaches this material from a variety of angles: narrative history, structural analyses of imperial power, and analyses of the functions played by language and stereotype in the interaction between rulers and ruled. The result is to further a nuanced appreciation of the relation between the Hellenistic king and the Hellenistic polis by drawing attention to the power of the Hellenistic empires, to the capacity of political language to modify power relations, and to the efforts of the Hellenistic polis to preserve its sense of identity and civic pride, if not its political independence.
Introduction
Authors: Richard Buxton
Published: November 2023

It has often been maintained, and it is still widely held, that the civilization of ancient Greece underwent a development from myth to reason, or—to adopt the Greek-derived terms which have sometimes assumed talismanic status in relation to the debate—from Mythos to Logos.1 Such a progress, embracing, among other areas, philosophy, historiography, medicine, technology, and various sciences, has frequently been presented as a triumphal one. That may be why, at the beginning of volume 2 of the otherwise unillustrated Die Fragmente der Vorsokratiker by Diels—Kranz, we find an Ephesian coin on which the philosopher Heraclitus, one of Ephesus’ most famous sons, is depicted, in the manner of Herades, brandishing a club.
Rationalizing Myth: Methods and Motives in Palaephatus
Authors: Stern Jacob
Published: November 2023

The crude commercialism of America, its materialising spirit, its indifference to the poetical side of things, and its lack of imagination ... are entirely due to that country having adopted for its national hero a man who, according to his own confession, was incapable of telling a lie. A Rationalizer of myths, a student of Aristotle who debunks the implausible tales of an earlier age by providing logoi for muthoi-surely such a figure must be thought to cooperate with the familiar thesis under examination in this book: that the Greek world witnessed a development from muthos to logos. But the truth is not so simple. For the writings of Palaephatus will illustrate a variation on the theme: that although Greek society may have advanced in the direction of logos it did not simultaneously lose its obsession with its own muthoi. Though Palaephatus may debunk myth, he argues ultimately that myths are not to be discarded, but that rather, stripped of their most fantastical elements, they are all the more to be accepted and believed. Palaephatus finally is a corrector not a rejecter of the myths he inherits. His writings demonstrate that the application of reason to myth may have as its primary purpose the strengthening rather than the weakening of belief in those very myths and that the appearance of logos does not of necessity require the disappearance of muthos.
Demythologizing the Past, Mythicizing the Present: Myth, History, and the Supernatural at the Dawn of the Hellenistic Period
Authors: Henrichs Albert
Published: November 2023

‘Myth’ And ‘History’ may derive from Greek words, but they are thoroughly modern concepts that together comprise but one aspect of the myth/logos relationship. For more than 125 years, these terms have been perceived as virtual opposites, as contradictory ways of looking at the world. We consider ‘history’ to represent objective truth, and myth to signify the collective product of a culture’s imagination distilled into paradigmatic narrative scenarios. Historians of ancient Greece have tended to keep myth at arm’s length, and students of Greek mythology have often treated myth as though the Greeks had lived in a historical vacuum. Fortunately, perceptions are changing, albeit gradually. Over the past quarter century, awareness has grown that ‘myth’ and ‘history’ are inseparably interwoven and must be seen as complementary and interdependent aspects of Greek culture. It is generally recognized that, at least for the Archaic period, self--proclaimed myths are to a large extent synonymous with history. If I were to produce examples for this revalidation of myth and, indeed, of religion as fundamental vehicles for historical enquiry, I would not only mention the names of Jean-Pierre Vernant, Pierre Vidal-Naquet, and Nicole Loraux, but I would also emphasize the renewed interest in oral traditions, in foundation myths, and in Herodotus as a cultural historian, as well as the recent appointment of Robert Parker-a historian of Greek religion-as the Wykeham Professor of Ancient History at the University of Oxford.
Myth and Logos in Aristotle
Authors: Johansen Thomas K
Published: November 2023

Let me start with a familiar picture of Aristotle. Aristotle invented logic, the art of valid reasoning. He also invented the notion of empirical science, being the first to insist that theories of nature should be based on systematic observation. Aristotle brought together his two inventions, empirical science and logic, in his theory of demonstrative understanding (epistémé). According to this theory, we have understanding when, through a process of induction from sense-perception, we come to grasp definitions that are intelligible, necessarily true, explanatory, and unambiguous, and when we are able to use these definitions as premisses in syllogisms that demonstrate their conclusions. In this way Aristotelian science combines observation with logic so as to represent a paradigm of empirical and rational knowledge.
The Use of Purple in Cooking, Medicine, and Magic: An Example of Interference by the Imaginary in Rational Discourse
Authors: Bélis Mireille
Published: November 2023

In antiquity, purple was the only luxury product which could be used to adorn clothing and yet be eaten like any other foodstuff. It occupied a position at the top of the hierarchy of dyes: ancient sources unanimously acclaimed its splendour, brilliance, and fastness. It fell naturally into the category of social markers, expressing distinction in all fields of public life as well as in the situations of private life. It was worn by deities, heroes, priests, and potentates; it was flaunted by parvenus. Pliny the Elder quite reasonably queried the coexistence of the double practice which led his contemporaries to subvert the natural order: What connection is there [he asked] between the sea and our clothing, between the waves and waters and woollen fabric? We only enter that element in a proper manner when we are naked! Granted that there is so close an alliance between it and our stomach, but what has it to do with our backs?
Myth, History, and Dialectic in Plato’s Republic and Timaeus-Critias
Authors: Rowe Christopher
Published: November 2023

Among the dichotomies which the dichotomic theme of this volume inevitably generates is the opposition–all too easily posited–between the rational and the irrational. For the present paper I have taken a theme, the mythology of technology, which seems to bridge that opposition. Whatever Plato might have thought and said about it, technélars was, for most of antiquity, a procedure about which rational discourse was the rule. It is not surprising that in the late nineteenth century the development of technology in Greece was inscribed into the paradigm ‘From Mythos to Logos’: together with science, technology was seen as being emancipated from religion to constitute a new and independent field. In more recent times the process has been described by Jean-Pierre Vernant as a ‘laïcisation des techniques’: Vernant did not himself completely reject the older, ‘From Mythos to Logos’ view, but rather modified it, differentiating between the theoreticians with whom full rationality set in during, at the latest, the age of Aristotle, and the practitioners who worked by trial and error and were thus always exposed to a trace of irrationality and unpredictability.1 In this article I shall not argue about Vernant’s assessment (his concept of rationality is Platonic and might therefore not do full justice to all the facts). What I intend to do is more limited in scope: I shall concern myself with the intersection of myth and technology, more precisely that of myth and metallurgy.
The Significance of the Speech of Praetextatus
Authors: Liebeschuetz Wolf
Published: November 2023

It is agreed that the speech of Praetextatus in the Saturnalia of Macrobius, written about AD 430, is one of the principal sources for the last stage of Roman paganism, more precisely for the interpretation of their traditional religion by the last generation of pagan senators. Modern interpretations differ in detail. But on essentials something like consensus has been reached: Praetextatus ‘ speech shows that the paganism of the late fourth-century Roman senatorial aristocracy was approaching monotheism. ‘ Praetextatus ‘ view of the gods is much closer to Christianity than the classical paganism we know from the authors of the Latin golden age, in that it involved belief that the world was in fact ruled by a single deity and that the traditional gods were in reality aspects of the one god.
Tacitus’ Obituary of Tiberius
Authors: Woodman A J
Published: November 2023

The standard interpretation of the obituary’s final paragraph, where Tacitus divides the emperor’s life into five tempora diuersa, is that provided by F. R. D. Goodyear,which may be summarized as follows. During the last period of his life Tiberius, now free from anyone who might act as a restraining influence, revealed his own true, real, or innate character (ingenium) of unmitigated evil.
The Dying Gasp and the Journey to Hades
Authors: Clarke Michael
Published: November 2023

We have seen that for Homer mental life is the inhalation of breath and its mingling with blood and kindred fluids in the breast, and hence that no part of the living man can be separated off as a mind imprisoned in the body. If man lives and has consciousness as an indivisible unity, what happens when he dies? Here we return to . There are many allusions to the loss of something of this name at the moment of death, and in a few passages it is described as going to the Underworld.
Conclusion: The Dynamics of Mythical Image-Making
Authors: Clarke Michael
Published: November 2023

In the of the deaths of Patroclus and Hector a tangible phenomenon of mortal experience is translated into something that belongs in the unseen world of the afterlife. In the last chapter we saw that this ambiguity or shift is not unique to the problem of that particular word. If we make the personal identity of Death or Sleep parallel to the mythical form of the which flies to Hades and lives there as a wraith, and if we make the rendering of sleep or death as mist falling on the eyes parallel to the simple identification of as the dying man’s last breath, then the words and will each prompt the same question: within the range of possibilities for image-making represented by a single noun, where does the mythical identity belong in the poet’s view of the world?
The Authority of Plato and Primitive Wisdom
Authors: Coys-Stones G R
Published: November 2023

The development of Platonism as a historical phenomenon has been a very controversial area of discussion: the where and the when of it cannot be neatly pinned down, because, as far as we know, Platonism had no single founder. (Platonism in any case did not begin as a ‘school’ in the institutional sense familiar from Hellenistic philosophy.) Its origins have been located in the increasingly Dogmatic stance taken by the later Academics—notably by the two last heads of the Academy, Philo of Larissa1 and Antiochus of Ascalon;1 2 they have been traced to the Stoa, a school which had always set the standards of Dogmatism, and which in its later periods (especially in the philosophy of Panaetius and Posidonius) looked back to Plato and remodelled itself to some extent in the light of his beliefs.
Clouds
Authors: Revermann Martin
Published: November 2023

Who says that intellectuals are not funny? It does not mean falling prey to the rhetoric of the revised parabasis to call Clouds bold in its theme and sophisticated in its theatrical realization. The challenge of materializing on stage the world of ideas and concepts is met by subjecting props, costume, and proxemics to radical ‘Socratization ‘. In fact, no major theatrical resource or sign system, linguistic and paralinguistic codes included, is spared being affected, ultimately, by ‘Socratism ‘, a medley of notions derived from both Socratic idiosyncrasies and a variety of other contemporary intellectual trends. Failure of the comic ‘hero ‘ Strepsiades to cope with ‘Socratism ‘ provides ample opportunity for hilarious stage business. Visual codes loom large: pallor, bare feet, and undonning the cloak acquire symbolic value.
Lysistrata
Authors: Revermann Martin
Published: November 2023

The most visually obscene Aristophanic comedy is at the same time one of the theatrically most sophisticated. The use of space is crucial: the (rare) Acropolis setting becomes both domesticated and sexualized, denoting a public household and the female body at the same time. This way, the two plots (occupation and sex strike) are focalized and intertwined in a single locale which becomes the locus of reconciliation. The play ‘s heroine, remarkably exempt from many of the gender stereotypes deployed by comedy, may evoke associations with the priestess of Athena Polias, with growing intensity in the course of the performance.
Wealth
Authors: Revermann Martin
Published: November 2023

Wealth has been called ‘deficient in the kind of sparkle that we like in the earlier plays ‘ on top of coming across as ‘clumsy in detail ‘.1 This underrated play, however, is of high quality for its subtle but effective and meaningful use of stage movements, its thoughtful deployment of costume and props—in a word, its understated yet powerful theatricality. The play ‘s most important conceptual feature is the fact that the utopian theme, the advent of the god of wealth, and its subsequent blessings for individuals and the community are themselves problematized without being rendered undesirable. This is achieved by sharply distinguishing between the presence of Wealth in the house of Chremylus (which does not automatically lead to Chremylus becoming rich) and Wealth regaining his vision (which does make Chremylus rich).
Livy’s Exemplary History
Authors: Chaplin Jane D
Published: November 2023

The idea that it is possible to learn from history is fascinating, but also complex. What exactly can you learn from the past? Does it repeat itself? If it does, how can you prevent repetition of evil and ensure repetition of good? Livy's History of Rome is all about people learning or failing to learn from the past, so in many ways his work is an extended exploration of this problem. In this book Dr Chaplin starts from Livy's programmatic claim that history offers examples of good and bad conduct. Where previous studies have focused on the meaning of exemplary episodes and characters in isolation, this treatment traces the way historical figures try to interpret the past to their advantage. In doing so, the book demonstrates Livy's awareness of the shifting relevance of history and argues that a narrative organized around exempla allowed Livy, poised between the collapse of the Republic and the foundation of the Empire, to make the Romans' past meaningful for their future.
Powers of Expression, Expressions of Power
Authors: Laird Andrew
Published: November 2023

Can a speaker's words ever be faithfully reported? History, philosophy, ethnography, political theory, linguistics, and literary criticism all involve debates about discourse and representation. By drawing from Plato's theory of discourse, the lively analysis of speech presentation in this book provides a coherent and original contribution to these debates, and highlights the problems involved when speech becomes both the object and the medium of narrative representation. The opening chapters offer fresh insights on ideology, intertextuality, literary language, and historiography, and reveal important connections between them. These insights are then applied in specific critical treatments of - Virgil's Aeneid, of Petronius' Satyricon, and of scenes involving messengers and angels in classical and European epic. Throughout this study, ancient texts are discussed in conjunction with examples from later traditions. Overall, this book uses Latin literature to demonstrate the theoretical and ideological importance of speech presentation for a number of contemporary disciplines.
Fictions of Authority: Discourse and Epistemology in Historical Narrative
Authors: Laird Andrew
Published: November 2023

Divisions between historical narrative-along with other forms of factual writing-and fictional narrative have never been hard and fast. Greek and Roman historiography, for example, corresponds to modern conceptions of literary writing. Ancient historians were steeped in the principles of rhetoric, and applied techniques of rhetorical invention to recount what could or might have happened. The tradition of sceptical historiography, which emerged in the early part of the twentieth century, is in some ,ways comparable. Benedetto Croce and R. G. Collingwood, in particular, presented history writing as a process of selection and interpretation by a historian who is entirely responsible for investing facts with their significance.
Olive Cultivation in Ancient Greece: Seeking the Ancient Economy
Authors: Foxhall Lin
Published: November 2023

Lin Foxhall explores the cultivation of the olive as an extended case study for understanding ancient Greek agriculture in its landscape, economic, social, and political settings. Evidence from written sources, archaeology, and visual images is assembled to focus on what was special about the cultivation and processing of the olive in classical and archaic Greece, and how and why these practices differed from Roman ones. This investigation opens up new ways of thinking about the economies of the archaic and classical Greek world.
Television
Authors: Price Monroe E
Published: November 2023

What is meant by an 'independent' television and press, and what affirmative role should any government have in the regulation of television? How do competing interest groups use media regulation to their advantage? What impact does television have on democratic values and the process of democracy itself? Television, the Public Sphere, and the National Identity focuses on these and other questions in a broad reinterpretation of television's role and influence on democratic societies in a time of increased globalization of the media. Monroe E. Price's lively and wide-ranging study is unique in developing a theory which covers media developments in both the United States and Europe, including the states of the post-Soviet transition (Central and Eastern Europe and the former Soviet Union). Examining the relationship between television and these societies, Price asks how the globalization of television affects the medium's impact on these nations and, indeed, on the survival of the nation state itself. The book also looks at the justifications and abuses that have arisen in television's regulation, and predicts the future role of TV in society.
Portraits of Coleridge
Authors: Paley Morton D
Published: November 2023

What do the portraits of a great poet tell us about his life, his image of himself, and the ideas of him held by his friends and his public? Portraits of Coleridge attempts to answer this question with respect to the author of `The Rime of the Ancient Mariner' and `Kubla Khan'. It also provides a critical and scholarly study of the portraits as works of art, considering the place of each in the career of the artist who produced it. All the life portraits are discussed in detail, catalogued, and (wherever there is an extant photograph) reproduced. As many verbal descriptions by contemporaries as possible are reprinted for the sake of comparison. A concluding essay on posthumous portraits of Coleridge considers how they reflect changes in the public's attitude toward their subject. Both a contribution to the biography of Coleridge and an essay in the history of literary and artistic taste, this book is for readers interested in English poetry, in Romantic portraiture, and in the relationship between literature and the visual arts.
Bel Acueil and the Improper Allegory of the Romance of the Rose
Authors: Gaunt Simon
Published: November 2023

In his influential analysis of the Romance of the Rose, C. S. Lewis concluded that the text was a failure, albeit ‘a great failure’. Whereas Guillaume de Lorris was (for Lewis) a ‘good’ allegorist, Jean de Meun was insufficiently concerned to sustain the allegorical coherence of the dream narrative. Lewis’s first and main example of Jean’s disregard for the allegorical texture of Guillaume’s Rose is his treatment of the figure Bel Acueil, whom Guillaume leaves languishing in Jalousie’s prison, guarded by Male Bouche and La Vieille; in Jean’s continuation, Amant succeeds in sending him a present-a chaplet or woman’s headdress through the intermediary La Vieille, who lectures him at length on how women should handle their lovers, before bringing Amant and Bel Acueil together for a rhapsodic moment that is spoilt by Dangier’s inevitable arrival. Bel Acueil is, of course, a masculine figure. For Lewis, the idea that La Vieille should address her speech to a young man and that he should receive a present such as the chapletwith obvious delight (12697-705) is an ‘absurdity’: in his view ‘the allegory has broken down’ (All.egory, 140).
Introduction
Authors: Bowen John
Published: November 2023

READERS HAVE IN Dickens’s work an embarrassment of riches, and if the lover of Shakespeare can feel justified in not knowing the finer points of Act Four of Cymbeline or not having the plot-twists of Two Gentlemen of Verona at his or her finger tips, so the reader of Dickens may well feel content with the familiar features of Great Expectations, Bleak House, Hard Times, Little Dorrit, and Our Mutual Friend. These are the most widely taught of Dickens’s works and those most familiar to the literary profession, if not to the common reader.
The Passmore Edwards Settlement: 1892-1900
Authors: Sutherland John
Published: November 2023

NOT one person in a thousand entering what is now called Mary Ward House at 42 Queen Square, Holborn, knows who she was. Not one woman in a hundred thousand who gratefully drops her child off at the morning play- centre knows that this same Mary Ward founded the service which uniquely liberates the modern working mother. Of her more than any other Victorian novelist (excepting Anthony Trollope and his pillar boxes) may one say, if you want monuments look around you: not in the libraries, but in the London streets, any day of the working week.
Eleanor: 1900
Authors: Sutherland John
Published: November 2023

UNLIKE the older Dickens or George Eliot, Mary Ward did not with years grow in artistic strength. 1900 sees the onset of a gradual decline which becomes precipitate after 1905 and vertical by 1913. There were a number of causes for the decline, most of them painfully obvious to the novelist herself. Her American, colonial, and British readerships remained gratifyingly loyal; but like her they were by 1900 middle-aged and losing cultural and economic power.
The Four Last Things in Dante and Chaucer: Ugolino in the House of Rumour
Authors: Cooper Helen
Published: November 2023

The four last things, like the seven deadly sins or the five wits, were one of those standard numbered lists by which medieval apprehension of the world was organized. Death, Judgement, Hell, and Heaven were among the key things for humankind to bear in mind¬ even the most important, those ‘prinsepaly’ to be held in mind, as the quotation from the late medieval Sermonof Dead Men insists. There was a place kept within the liturgical cycle for a particular reminder of the Four Last Things, at Advent, the four weeks preceding the Nativity, and anagogically prefiguring the Second Coming. In particular, such words were spoken every second Sunday of Advent, the day on which preachers were instructed to speak on the second of the Four Last Things, Judgement itself. The Gospel lesson for the day was drawn from Luke 21: 25-33, ‘Erant signa in sole’:
Queer Virgins and Virgin Queans on the Early Modern Stage
Authors: Bly Mary
Published: November 2023

Queer Virgins and Virgin Queans looks at the early modern theatre through the lens of obscure and obscene puns--especially 'queer' puns, those that carry homoerotic resonances and speak to homoerotic desires. In particular, it resurrects the operations of a small boys' company known as the first Whitefriars, which performed for about nine months in 1607-8. As a group, the plays performed by this company exhibit an unusually dense array of bawdy puns, whose eroticism is extremely interesting, given that the focus of eros is the male body. The laughter recoverable from Whitefriars plays harnesses the pun's inherent doubleness to homoerotic pleasure; in these plays, 'the bawdy hand of the dial' is always 'on the pricke of noone'. Mary Bly's analysis depends on the nature of punning itself, and the inflections of language and the creativity that marked Whitefriars punsters, with special emphasis on the effect of puns on an audience. What happens to audience members who sit shoulder to shoulder and laugh at homoerotic quibbles? What is the effect of catching a queer pun's double meaning in a group rather than while alone? How can we characterize those auditors, within the convoluted, if fascinating, theories of erotic identity offered by queer theorists?
Slavery, Empathy And Pornography
Authors: Wood Marcus
Published: November 2023

Slavery, Empathy, and Pornography considers the operations of slavery and of abolition propaganda on the thought and literature of English from the late-eighteenth to the mid-nineteenth centuries. Incorporating materials ranging from canonical literatures to the lowest form of street publication, Marcus Wood writes from the conviction that slavery was, and still is, a dilemma for everyone in England, and seeks to explain why English society has constructed Atlantic slavery in the way it has. He takes on the works of canonic eighteenth- and nineteenth-century white authors which claimed, when written, to 'account' for slavery, and asks with some scepticism what kind of 'truth' they hold. Taking an interdisciplinary approach, chapters focus on the writings of the major Romantic poets, English Radicals William Cobbett and John Thelwall, the Surinam writings of John Stedman, the full range of slavery texts generated by Harriet Martineau, John Newton, and the social prophets Carlyle and Ruskin. Slavery, Empathy, and Pornography also contains a radical new critique of the operations of slavery within the work of Austen and Charlotte Brontë.
Slavery, Removing The Cloak From The Truth
Authors: Swindells Julia
Published: November 2023

The interconnection between reform and abolition has perhaps been the most graphically documented of the relationships between the political movements referred to in my account, with some of the leading and most controversial figures of the abolition movement, notably Olaudah Equiano and Robert Wedderburn, also involved in challenging the terms of parliamentary franchise.
Nuala Ní Dhomhnaill: journeying to the Shrine
Authors: Sewell Frank
Published: November 2023

Nuala Ní Dhomhnaill was born in Lancashire, England in 1952 and brought up speaking Irish there, in the west Kerry Gaeltacht, and in Tipperary.
Iconoclasm and Bibliophobia in the English Reformations, 1521–1558
Authors: Cummings Brian
Published: November 2023

September 1538 was a black letter month for the image in England. The Royal Injunctions of that month represented a radical new direction in religious policy. For the first time, officers of the parish were given instructions to take down images from their churches: ‘such feigned images as ye know of in any of your cures to be so abused with pilgrimages or offerings of anything made thereunto, ye shall, for avoiding that most detestable sin of idolatry, forthwith take down and delay’. In their zeal against ‘that most detestable sin of idolatry’, the new orders made iconoclasm an arm of the establishment rather than of its opposition. At the same time, as Margaret Aston has remarked, they employed arguments against images that had previously been associated with heresy.
Politics and Poetry Some Contexts and Problems for American Poetry of the Vietnam War
Authors: Chattarji Subarno
Published: November 2023

‘The Idea of the nation is inseparable from its narration: that narration attempts, interminably, to constitute identity against difference, inside against outside, and in the assumed superiority of inside over outside, prepares against invasion and “enlightened” colonialism.’ Throughout its history America has narrated itself in terms of a paternalistic, messianic mission, the ‘City upon a hill’ that would be a beacon of hope for the world. This teleological narration constitutes a complex reality and is the site of immense contradictions. The contradictions arise out of the disjunction between rhetorical constructions (such as the desire to civilize the ‘savage’ Indian) and the actual barbarity of that process. Dominant foundational and national myths were largely successful in sustaining the momentum and coherence of American ideals such as freedom and democracy and, although there were dissenting voices (such as William James’s scathing comments on American imperialism in the Philippines) it was not until the Vietnam War that there was a serious attempt to question the elements comprising a seemingly coherent narrative.
Veteran Poetry Protest and Anguish—Bringing the War Home
Authors: Chattarji Subarno
Published: November 2023

In an advertisement in the New York Times, on Sunday, 19 November 1967, an organization of ex-soldiers, Viet-Nam Veterans Against the War (VVAW), spoke out against US involvement in Vietnam. Although protests against the war had become a part of the political landscape, this was significantly different in that first-hand witnesses and participants declared their opposition to the war, and the state that waged it. Their authority in protest ‘carried the weight of tested patriotism, seeming to arise from the Vietnam conflict itself’. As the first paragraph of the statement declared,

We are veterans of the Viet-Nam war. We believe that this ‘conflict’ in which our country is now engaged in Viet-Nam is wrong, unjustifiable and contrary to the principle of self-determination on which this nation was founded⃛ We believe that our policy in Viet-Nam supports tyranny and denies democracy. We believe this because of our experiences in Viet-Nam. We know, because we have been there, that the American public has not been told the truth about the war or about Viet-Nam.
Being in Between: Iain Crichton Smith and Scottish Colonial History
Authors: Ryan Ray
Published: November 2023

In Mcilvanney’s Remedy is None, the incarceration of Charlie, by a Highland officer who ‘spoke for all men good and true’, is a mythic version of a civil conflict that peace can never end or redeem. The spatial barriers imprisoning Charlie within an exclusively Ayrshire identity are not simply empirical or derivative or mimetic; the available ‘internal’ epistemological space mirrors the geopolitical patterns in the ‘external’ world.