bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Antenatal Depression among Pregnant Women at a Tertiary Care Hospital
Authors: Ahmed Sumyya , Jabbar Shazia , Bozdar Marvi , Ali Saima , Memon Komal , , Begum Amina
Published: May 2022

Background: Depression is among the most prevalent psychiatric disorders affecting women. Depressive disorders are predicted to be the second leading cause of global disability burden by 2020. The risk of depression increased significantly during pregnancy and clinically significant depressive symptoms are common in mid and late trimesters. The purpose of present study is to determine the frequency of antenatal depression, so that better strategies and early management was recommended in such patients to reduce frequency of depression. Objectives: To determine the frequency of antenatal depression among pregnant women presenting to a tertiary care hospital. Study Settings: This Cross sectional Study was conducted at the Department of obstetrics and Gynaecology unit I of Civil Hospital Karachi for the duration of six months from January, 2019 to June, 2019. Subject and Methods: A total of 150 pregnant women attending the antenatal clinic were included in this study. EPDS is the most widely used screening questionnaire for postpartum depression and has been widely validated for not only this condition but also antenatal depression. We chose to regard an EPDS score ≥12 as indicating depression. All information was recorded in predesigned proforma. Results: The average age of the patients was 25.85±4.49 years. Frequency of antenatal depression among pregnant women was 46.67% (70/150). Conclusion: The prevalence of antepartum depression among pregnant women was high and the greatest contributor is the thought of harming herself. We therefore recommended that pregnant women be routinely screened for depression during antenatal care. The necessary psychological care for pregnant women, especially those with risk factors for antenatal depression, should be provided by PCH centers. Keywords: Antenatal depression, psychiatric disorders, psychological care.
Impact of COVID-19 on chronic respiratory disease outcome survey in Pakistan
Authors: Malik Alishba , Ejaz Umar , Kousar Kaneez Uma Farva , Bashir Muhammad Kashif , Memon Faheem Ahmed , Naeem Muhammad
Published: May 2022

Introduction: Pakistan has high prevalence of chronic respiratory diseases, especially bronchial asthma and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). Objectives: The main objective of the study is to find the impact of COVID-19 on chronic respiratory disease in Pakistan. Material and methods: This cross sectional study was conducted in King Edward Medical University, Mayo Hospital Lahore during January 2021 to July 2021. Before and after the COVID-19 period were defined by a predetermined set of criteria in the form of a questionnaire. Results: The data was collected from 314 respondents. According to the respondents, the survey also queried about the presence of respiratory comorbidities in patients who had tested positive for COVID 19. COPD was mentioned as a comorbidity by more than a third of those who responded, and several others, including bronchial asthma, ILD, and tuberculosis (TB), were also mentioned by many respondents. Conclusion: It is concluded that because of the lockout's efficacy and the widespread use of masks outside the facility, the air was probably rather clean. As a result, both the number of people visiting an asthma outpatient clinic and the number of people being admitted to the hospital with acute severe asthma dropped. Keywords: COVID-19, Respiration, Patients, COPD
Role of CBC and antioxidants for the diagnosis of acute appendicitis in paediatric patients
Authors: Abid Abdul Rahman , Shah Muhammad Musab , Batool Siddiqa , Ali Farhan , Akhtar Naheed , Afzal Muhammad
Published: May 2022

Introduction: Globally, acute appendicitis (AA) is a common surgical emergency with a lifetime risk of 1 in 7, which means that 6% of the individuals suffer an attack during their lifetime. Objectives: The main objective of the study is to find the role of CBC and antioxidants for the diagnosis of acute appendicitis in paediatric patients. Material and methods: This cross sectional study was conducted in LGH during October 2021 to March 2022. Both male and female patients between the ages of 2 and 16 years and with paediatric appendicitis score (PAS) greater than 4 included in this study. For this purpose, we recorded their age and gender using the hospital information management system database. Results: The data was collected from 38 patients of which 7 (18.4%) were male and 31 (81.6) were female. The mean and standard deviation of age in years was 12.5789 ± 3.10 years. Table 01 shows the frequency of findings of 38 patients. Conclusion: It is concluded that children with acute appendicitis do not have deficient blood plasma antioxidant capacity. Keywords: CBC, Antioxidants, AA, Patients
Factors Affecting the Neonatal Outcome with Anorectal Malformation in Underdeveloped Countries
Authors: Khan Muhammad Nadeem , Ismail Saqib , Shah Syed Zakir Hussain , Razzaq Sajid , Latif Gohar , Iqbal Muzaffar
Published: May 2022

Background: With optimal perioperative and postoperative care, the survival and outcomes of new-born with anorectal malformations (ARM) have improved significantly in developed countries, but sepsis, low birth weight, late presentation, and intense new-born care is still lacking in developing countries influencing the outcome. This analysis was conducted to assess aspects for poor outcomes (mortality) in new-born with anorectal malformations. Study Design: A prospective analytical study. Place and duration: In the Department of Paediatric Surgery at Divisional Headquarters Teaching Hospital Mirpur for six months duration from January 2021 to June 2021. Methods: 48 total consecutive neonates with anorectal malformations (ARMs) admitted to the Paediatric Surgery department were included. The studied variables comprised age at admission, birth weight, sex, type of malformation, sepsis at admission, type of surgery performed, postoperative issues, and their association with the results. Statistical analysis was executed with SPSS 21.0. Results: 48 neonates with ARM were enrolled in the study. 60.4% (29) of the research population are male neonates and 39.6% (19) are female neonates. 2.3 ± 0.7 days was the mean age at admission (minimum age was 1 day and the maximum 4 days) and 2.8 ± 0.9 kg was the mean body weight at birth (minimum weight was 1.7 kg, and the maximum weight was 4.5 kg). The communal reason of mortality in patients postoperative was sepsis (50%). There was a statistically significant correlation amid sepsis and low birth weight (p = <0.01) on admission (p = 0.002) with mortality. Comparing the result with age at the time of presentation (p = 0.19) and complications postoperatively (p = 0.18), no statistically significant correlation was found. Conclusions: Lack of trained midwives / LHV, Lack of resources, late admission, intensive care sepsis, and ultimately mortality are contributing factors in developing countries. Good prenatal care, awareness of midwives / community nurses to refer these patients on time, and adequate intensive care can improve the outcomes of ARM surgery. Keywords: Sepsis, Imperforate anus, low birth weight, primary PSARP, cloaca and Pelvic divided colostomy
Prevalence of Metabolic Syndrome in Young Patients with Acute ST Elevation Myocardial Infarction (STEMI)
Authors: Ahmed Rameez , Mal Vashu , Ali Aijaz , Memon Farhan , . Lalchand , Ahmed Tarique , Shahab Ramsha , . Shahzad , Akhtar Saleem
Published: May 2022

Background: The metabolic syndrome is linked to several conventional and rising pro-thrombotic and pro-inflammatory cardiac risks. Most patients with cardiovascular disease have metabolic syndrome; however, the occurrence and connection of its various elements aren't obvious. There isn't any research regarding the occurrence of Metabolic Syndrome in young patients with acute STEMI. Objective: The purpose of this study was to figure out the occurrence of metabolic syndrome (MS) in young patients shown ST-Elevation Myocardial Infarction (STEMI) at a tertiary care hospital in Karachi, Pakistan. Material and Methods: The research was conducted on 170 patients with STEMI. Body mass index was measured. Smoking level, metabolic syndrome (MS), and aspects of the metabolic syndrome (BMI >23 kg meter per square, high blood pressure, hypertriglyceridemia, low-plasma HDLc, and affected fasting plasma glucose) were noted. Descriptive statistics were used, and stratification was done in the study. Fisher exact test and post-stratification by square test were used during the research study. P-value ≤0.05 was regarded as significant. Results: There were 42.2% women and 57.6% men with a mean age of 29.84±7.96 years. Metabolic syndrome (MS) was positive in 64.7 per cent of sufferers. BMI >23 kg meter per square was noticed in 97.1 per cent of patients. High blood pressure in 72.4 per cent of patients. Hypertriglyceridemia in 77.65 per cent of patients, Low plasma HDLc in 44.1 per cent of individuals, and affected fasting plasma glucose in 47.1 per cent of patients. Conclusion: It had been determined by research findings that the occurrence of metabolic syndrome in young patients having STEMI was higher. The common element was BMI >23 kg/m2, Hypertension, and Hypertriglyceridemia. Keywords: Prevalence, Young Patients, Metabolic Syndrome (MS), STEMI, Aspects of MS
Polycystic Ovary Syndrome: An Update on Management Strategies
Authors: Aftab Mansoor , Inzamam Muhammad , Latif Shahid
Published: May 2022

In the reproductive years of a female, she often comes up with a common disorder known as polycystic ovary syndrome also called as PCOS. In this disorder the level of androgen, male hormone, increases above the normal level that causes ovulatory dysfunctioning. Moreover, this disorder also causes severe metabolic anomalies, specifically weight gain and insulin resistance which is a well-known attribute of the pathophysiology of PCOS. PCOS leaves adverse impacts upon the ovarian cycle and fertility of women. This review paper encapsulates possible treatments present for PCOS in females by discussing current and potentially available options. Keywords: Obesity, polycystic ovary syndrome, hirsutism, therapeutic approach.
HRCT Pattern in COVID-19 Patients
Authors: Anwar Sohail , Farooq Faiza , Waheed Amir , Masood Atif , Khan Tahir Ullah , Baig Faisal Amin
Published: May 2022

Background: In December 2019, a group of cases of pneumonia of unknown cause was found in Wuhan, China, now known as coronavirus disease 2019, and the coronavirus was named severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2). High-resolution computed1tomography (HRCT) is currently regarded as a significant imaging technique for aiding in the diagnosis & management of COVID-19 patients. Objective: To find the different patterns of1manifestation in HRCT chest in COVID-19 patients. Study Design: Descriptive Cross-Sectional Setting: University of Lahore Teaching Hospital, Lahore Methodology: A descriptive, cross-sectional study was conducted in Radiology Department in University of teaching hospital, Lahore. 240 participants' medical histories were thoroughly reviewed, both directly from them and on case sheets. All patients with confirmed cases of COVID-19 pneumonia were admitted to the hospital and received a chest HRCT. Three follow-up HRCT chest scans were performed on one patient. The distribution and patterns of lung involvement were studied. Each of the five lung lobes was evaluated visually for degree of involvement and categorized as mild (26-50 percent), moderate (51-75 percent), or severe (75 percent) (76-100 percent). Data was analyzing in SPSS. Age was presented as mean + SD. Gender and other HRCT patterns were presented as frequency & percentage. Result: Total 240 COVID-19 patients included. There were 142(59.4%) male and 97(40.6%) female. The mean age was 54.0+15.71 with age range of 4 to 84 years. Large number of patients 114(47.7%) were in the age group 45-64 years. Ground glass opacity was the most common CT abnormality, with 236(99.2%) cases. Among them 49(20.5%) cases had GGO plus consolidations. Crazy paving pattern was seen in 136(56.9%) cases. Only 10(4.2%) patients with GGO pulmonary nodules and pleural effusion were involved. The majority of the patients had a fever 114(47.5%), while the least frequent symptom was a runny nose (7(2.9%). Conclusion: Pure GGO pneumonia is the most prevalent pattern of COVID-19 pneumonia seen on HRCT scans, GGO consolidation, with crazy paving with prominent distribution in the lung posterior & peripheral area. Keywords: COVID-19, HRCT, GGO, Pneumonia.
Frequency of Anemia in Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD)
Authors: Malik Ali Awais , Anwar Sohail , Batool Huma , Karamat Asifa , Ali Ghaniya , Siddiqui Faezah
Published: May 2022

Background: Multiple western studies have focused on anemia in COPD and observed that anemia is more prevalent in COPD patients than Polycythemia. Anemia significantly increases the morbidity and deteriorates the functional status of COPD patients. Objectives: The objective of current study was to determine the frequency of anemia in Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD) patients present in a tertiary care hospital. Study Design: Retrospective Material and Methods: Two hundred COPD patients fulfilling the inclusion criteria were selected for the study. Hemoglobin (Hb) level test was done on all patients. Hb level was calculated by Automated Blood Cell Analyzer and anemia was labeled at Hb<13g/dL Results: The mean of patients’ age was 56.65+ 7.95 years. 181 (90.5%) patients were male and 19 (9.5%) patients were female. The mean Hemoglobin level (Hb) of the patients was 13.46 + 1.45 g/dL. 48 patients (24%) were anemic and 152 patients (76%) were non anemic. Conclusion: The conclusion of the study is there is frequent occurrence of anemia in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), as in current study the frequency of anemia was found in 24.0% patients. Keywords: Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD), Anemia, Frequency
Focus Group Discussion on Students Perspective View on COVID-19 and Distance Education
Authors: Sarwar Samia , Qamar Iram , Mehmood Tehreem , Nazeer Shahid , Iqbal Junaid , Aziz Kosar , Saeed Rizwan
Published: May 2022

Introduction: The COVID-19 could be a dangerous widespread that has influenced each angle of life including education. The educational institutes have been closed to avoid the spread of the infection, and they have changed over their system into distance education. Completing the semester there's a have to be address the risky issues within the modern framework to create it for future usage Objectives: 1-To explore the effects of Covid-19 on life style 2- To know the perceptions and suggestions regarding online education in pandemic Material and Methods Study design: Qualitative Settings: Rawalpindi Medical University Duration: Six months i.e. 1st January 2021 to 30th June 2021 Data Collection procedure: It was focus group discussion conducted via Zoom link. There were 15 medical students were selected from all five classes of MBBS randomly after taking informed consent. A variety of issues that were obtained from the discussion were identified. Results: The findings have uncovered that most of the members were influenced by the widespread period contrarily Anxiety, hope less, and fatigue. It is clear from the findings that education process has had its shortcomings instead of its advantages such as need of interaction, and communication which lead the students to segregation, issues about exams, conventional instructive habits, the load of assignments, and time administration. On the other side the advantages regarding flexibility of place and time to learn and comfort in assessment Conclusion: It is evident that the COVID-19 widespread process has influenced the students’ lives adversely. These negative sentiments have not been overcome by the instruction they uncovered all through the period. While, in conventional campus life they would be at the side their companions and teachers and they would overcome the issues together through socializing. Distance education system tried to facilitating teaching. The COVID-19 widespread period ought to be regarded as an opportunity for teachers to consider how to push the distance education framework forward. Within the light of the findings, it would be awesome to create the current distance education practices which we may well are beyond any doubt that long-term executions get a solid premise. Keywords: Covid-19, Pandemic, Focus group, Distance education, Higher education
Rezension von: Dobat, Klaus, Pflanzen der Bibel
Authors: Setzler Wilfried , Dobat Klaus
Published: May 2022

Klaus Dobat: Pflanzen der Bibel. Primus Verlag Darmstadt 2012. 176 Seiten mit 30 Farbabbildungen und zahlreichen schw./weiß-Zeichnungen. Gebunden € 19,90. ISBN 978-3-86312-015-3
Rezension von: Fößel, Amalie (Hrsg.), Die Kaiserinnen des Mittelalters
Authors: Setzler Sibylle , Fößel Amalie
Published: May 2022

Amalie Fößel (Hrsg.): Die Kaiserinnen des Mittelalters. Verlag Friedrich Pustet Regensburg 2011. 352 Seiten mit 16 zum Teil farbigen Abbildungen. Gebunden mit Schutzumschlag € 34,90. ISBN 978-3-7917-2360-0
Estimating the Reliability of Students' Scores in University Courses on Tests during the Semester and the Extent of Influence of these Scores Based on Determining their Relative Weights
Authors: Audeh Ahmad , Al Joudeh Majed
Published: May 2022

The aim of this study was to estimate the reliability coefficients of the tests prepared by faculty members in the preparatory year courses for both males and females at the University of Tabuk, using the Raju formula based on the predetermined fixed weights in the university regulations, regardless of their differentiating capability or the students' actual differences. Reliability coefficients were estimated again using the standard deviations of scores on these tests that were compared with the coefficients estimated by the Feldt-Gilmer formula that uses the variance covariance matrix of these tests. To address the questions of the study, the scores for all the students in 663 sections and 15 courses were analyzed, and the reliability coefficients were estimated. In light of the study’s hypothesis, another sample of 30 sections was selected randomly from the original sample to estimate reliability coefficients through the Feldt-Gilmer formula. The results indicated that the estimated mean of coefficients 0.68 in the average were lower than expected. Based on the university strategy which focuses on quality and excellence, higher reliability is required; mediocrity in this situation is not accepted. This means that 0.68 was compared to 0.67 and 0.69 estimated by the adjusted Raju formula using standard deviations as weights, and by the Feldt Gilmer respectively. The correlation between the reliability estimations using the last two formulas was very high (r = 0.98). The results revealed enough evidence statistically and practically for recommending the use of the modified Raju formula in practical situations to estimate the tests' reliability.
Degree of Applying Quality Standards in Post Basic-Education Schools from the Point of View of Supervisors and Senior Teachers in Sultanate of Oman
Authors: Issan Salha A. , AlShidi Faiza A.
Published: May 2022

The study aimed at exploring the degree of the application of quality standards in post basic-education schools from the perceptive of supervisors and senior teachers in the Sultanate of Oman. The study sample consisted of 129 supervisors and 137 senior teachers selected from six educational governorates: Muscat, Ad Dakhiliyah, Al Batinah North, Sharqiyah North, Al Buraimi, and Dhofar during academic year 2015/2016. The data was collected by a questionnaire consisting of 53 statements, categorized in seven areas of quality standards: planning; school curriculum; teaching and learning; learners affairs; human and financial resources; and community. The results showed that quality standards were applied to a large extent in the areas of human resources, learner's affairs and planning, and to a medium degree in the other remaining areas. Findings also revealed statistically significant differences in applying the standards due to gender in favor of females in all areas. Moreover, there were statistically significant differences in the degree of applying quality standards in schools in favor of senior teachers in all areas except curriculum. Based on the results, a number of recommendations were provided.
The Image of Omani Teachers as Viewed by Segments of Society: An Analytical Descriptive Study
Authors: Ambusaidi Abdullah K.
Published: May 2022

This study aimed to identify the image of Omani teachers as viewed by other segments of society. The study sample consisted of 1196 members of Omani society from different sectors of the following Omani governorates: Muscat, Al-Dakhlyha, North Al-Sharqyia, South Al-Sharqyia, North Batinah, and South Batinah in academic year 2014/2015. To gather the data, a questionnaire consisting of 32 items and two open ended questions was used. The validity of the instrument was checked by a panel of experts. The reliability of the questionnaire was checked for internal consistency using Cronbach's alpha (a = 0.93). The overall results showed a positive image of Omani teachers as they are seen to play a positive role in the development of society and hold a message in life to pass to their students. In addition, the results showed statistically significant differences due to gender and the nature of their jobs. In addition, the results showed no significant differences due to having kids in school. Based on the findings, the researcher concluded with a number of suggestions and recommendations.
The Effect of a Training Program in a Reading Course in Developing English Language Learning Strategies among University Students
Authors: Mahasneh Ahmad M. , Al-Alwan Ahmad F.
Published: May 2022

This study aimed at identifying the effect of a training program in developing the use of learning English language strategies among a sample of the Hashemite University students, and the differences in using these strategies due to gender and the type of group (experimental and control groups). The study sample consisted of 76 male and female students from the Department of English Language, divided into two groups (an experimental group of 34 male and female students and a control group of 42 male and female students). To achieve the aims of the study, Oxford's language learning strategies scale was used. The study used a quasi-experimental research design with pre-test and post-tests. ANCOVA and T-tests were used to analyze the data. The results of the study revealed that there is a statistical significant difference between the two groups in developing language learning strategies in favor of the experimental group. Also, results showed that there is no statistically significant difference in using language learning strategies attributed to gender.
Decision-Making in Light of Teaching Code of Ethics: Perceptions of Omani School Educators
Authors: Al-Ani Wajeha
Published: May 2022

This study aimed to identify the perspective of Omani educators on the status of decision making in light of the teaching profession’s code of ethics. The study used a qualitative research design where semi-structured interviews were conducted with 49 school educators. NVivo was used for data analysis. Results of the study showed that educators view the ethics of the teaching profession as a collection of good dispositions and values such as sincerity, care, and professional consciousness. Lack of respect and decreasing commitment levels are the most common problems among students. The interviewees used mostly guidance and advice, followed by trying to understand the problem, and referring cases to the school social counselor. Referring to the school bylaws on how to solve problems received the lowest percentage. The results also showed that the school’s social counselor plays a big role and he/she is often consulted when trying to understand problems or solving behavioral problems. Other entities that are referred to are the school administration, school colleagues and the educational supervisor. The study also showed that educators use various sources as a framework for their decisions concerning students’ behavior problems, such as religion, social norms and values, personal values and dispositions, school policies, and personal experience.
The Effectiveness of Career Guidance Program to Develop Career Awareness among Grade Nine Students in South Al Batinah
Authors: AL-hinai Muna A.
Published: May 2022

This study aimed to investigate the effectiveness of a career guidance program to develop career awareness among grade nine students in South Al Batina. The sample of the study consisted of 103 female and male students and was divided into two groups: the experimental group consisted of 56 male and female students and the control group consisted of 47 female and male students. The experimental group undertoo; a career guidance program while the control group was given normal activities in career guidance. This study adopted a quasi-experimental method. The results of t-test analysis showed a statistically significant difference between the means of the two groups in favor of the experimental group. The results also showed a statistically significant difference between the means of the experimental group in pre- and post implementation of the career awareness scale in favor of the post- implementation, two-way ANOVA showed statistically significance differences among the average responses in the experimental group in career awareness without being affected by student gender or group interaction and gender.
School Based Family Counseling Interventions in the School: School Counselors' Beliefs, Theoretical Orientation, and Challenges Facing Them
Authors: Ghaith Suad M.
Published: May 2022

This study aimed at identifying the level of implementing School Based Family Counseling (SBFC) Interventions among school counselors in their work, their theoretical orientation, beliefs, their degree of readiness to use it in their schools and factors that challenge the implementation of SBFC. To address the questions of the study, the researcher constructed a school based family counseling questionnaire which consisted of three parts. The sample of the study consisted of 91 male and female school counselors selected from Jordanian public schools in four governmental directorates. The results of the study revealed that 79.1% of the school counselors use SBFC interventions. They also showed that behavioral family counseling was the most widely used among the participants, whereas family systems theories were the least used. Moreover, the results indicated that school counselors had strong positive beliefs about implementing SBFC, but their degree of readiness to implement SBFC and the challenges of implementing SBFC interventions were moderate.
Our Children’s Literature Under the Microscope
Authors: Atallah Salma
Published: May 2022

The literature of children is characterized by the privacy of adhesion to the name of the recipient, and by portraying ideas, feelings, experiences and imaginations that agree with their recognitions and reflect their linguistic, intellectual and emotional level. Because literature is in this status of importance in our lives and the lives of our children, it was necessary to read in reality and visions, starting from some statistics and previews. We have found that it is relatively weak and few, and even suffers a crisis of existence, for many reasons, ranging from ideological to educational and academic. Factors include the tyranny of materialism and digital culture on Arabic human life, the breakdown of the linguistic power and the loss of identity, the outbreak of conflicts and wars, as well as the non-permanent presence of the favorable environment and the deviation of some educational approaches because of the lack of creative writers, and the association of this literature with non-free educational axes, the adoption of difficult models and curricula with topics that are consumed and sometimes denied, and the wrong approaches and methodologies that are limited to mere understanding, indoctrination and non-systematic explanation. The Arab countries must overcome individual initiatives and develop a comprehensive national and educational policy that reinforces the human sciences from the margin of life to its center, giving the Arabic language the necessary importance, activating the role of culture, securing the supportive environment, and developing malleable programs and methodologies that consider life issues, and the need for regularity of literature in a correct and good course by focusing on modern theories such as active, self-learning, differentiated and indirect, as well as modern monetary theories and communication, functional, interactive and logical trainings.
Modeling and Simulation Applied for Predicting Educational Requirements in the State of Kuwait
Authors: Al Sultanny Yas , Al Fadaghi Latifa
Published: May 2022

Simulation models are used for predicting educational future requirements. Based on the aim of the study, a quantitative research methodology was used in studying educational future indicators. The data was collected from the Kuwaiti official statistics, the Ministry of Education, and the Public Authority for Applied Education and Training. The educational indicators such as school intensity, classroom intensity, and student to teacher ratio from 2010/2011 till 2014/2015 were studied and analyzed. Simulation models were applied to predict the requirements for 2024/2025. The results showed that increasing the number of students would result in an increase in the number of schools, classrooms, faculty, staff, and textbooks. The educational indicators in the governmental sector were better compared with the private sector at all levels of education. This indicates that students have more favorably opportunities for education at governmental schools. However, results showed that students are more inclined to enroll in private schools at the primary level than in other higher school levels. The simulation results showed that improving educational efficiency by increasing success rates will, in turn, lead to an increase in students’ enrollment and the educational requirements. In light of these findings, the researcher recommends using simulation models and benefiting from their advantages in saving time, effort, and supporting decision-making.
The Effectiveness of a Training Program Based on Creative Problem Solving Model (CPS) in Developing Mathematical Power for 8th Grade Students in Light of their Mathematics Achievement
Authors: Al Naimi Sheikha D. , Abu Elwan Reda , Al Abed Adnan S.
Published: May 2022

This study aimed to reveal the effectiveness of a training program based on a creative problem solving model (CPS) in developing mathematical power for 8th grade students in light of their mathematics achievement. To achieve this goal, a training program was designed to focus on a set of mathematical ideas and skills in an algebra quantities unit using creative problem solving strategies. The researcher designed a test to measure mathematics power. The sample of the study consisted of 135 female eight grade students randomly selected from Dhahra governorate, which was divided into experimental and control groups. For testing the study hypothesis, data were analyzed by analysis of covariance (ANCOVA 2X3) in which eta squared was obtained. The study revealed a significant difference (α=0.05) in the means between the experimental and control groups in the mathematical power test in favor of the experimental group.
The Areas of Teacher Research in the Sultanate of Oman and the Reality of Benefiting from Them
Authors: Al-Husseini Suleiman S. , Al-Ghattami Sulaiman S. , Al-Hajri Rashid M.
Published: May 2022

The present study aims at understanding the reality of teacher research in the Sultanate of Oman, how to benefit from such research in the improvement of teacher development and the teaching-learning process, who should do that, as well as informing current literature with updates on teacher research, a topic that is not yet given adequate attention in Oman. The study implemented a qualitative approach for data collection and analysis of 50 researches done by school-teachers and 22 interviews with research teachers, school head-teachers and educational specialists. The study revealed that teachers are interested in doing research. Teachers, school administration and supervisors benefit from teacher research. Teachers use their own ways to take advantage from their own research and to share it with other teachers and help them value its results and recommendations. The study recommends that a culture of teacher research should be founded in schools, teachers should be supported to do research and more research should be done to explore the extent to which teacher research meets the criteria of educational research so that it can be trustworthy and useable for schooling improvement.
Psychometric Properties of Working Memory Test for Cycle Two (Grades 5-7) of Basic Education in Muscat Governorate in Oman
Authors: Albalushi Faiza G. , Almehirzi Rashid S. , Al Zubaidi Abdulqawi S.
Published: May 2022

The study aimed to develop a test to measure working memory for students in grades 5-7 in Basic Education and examine its psychometric properties. The study aimed also to develop the required norm scores for score interpretation. The sample consisted of 300 male and female students from grades 5, 6 and 7 in Muscat governorate. The validity of the working memory test was examined through face validity, construct validity, predictive validity and concurrent validity. The results supported the validity of the test. Confirmatory factor analysis showed the fit of data to the factorial structure of the working memory. In addition, the test showed high predictive validity of student achievement for several subjects. The reliability of the test was examined using Cronbach alpha reliability and test-retest reliability. Cronbach Alpha reliability ranged between 0.62 and 0.86 for the three grades. Similarly, test-retest reliability was between 0.35 and 0.75. The norm scores were computed using standardized scores and percentile ranks for each of the three subtests within each grade.
Effectiveness of a Proposed Training Program for Grade 11 Chemistry Teachers to Acquire Chemistry Conceptual Problem Posing and Solving Skills
Authors: Al- Sinani Mohammed K. , Ambusaidi Abdullah K.
Published: May 2022

The aim of the current study was to investigate the effectiveness of a proposed training program for grade 11 chemistry teachers to enhance their chemistry conceptual problem posing and solving skills. The sample was based on one group of sixteen chemistry teachers from various schools in the Dakhelyah Governorate of the Sultanate of Oman. They were ponded training in a three day workshop on how to pose and solve chemistry conceptual problems, by using the proposed strategies suggested by the researchers. Pre and post chemistry conceptual problem posing and solving tests were applied to the sample of the study designed by the researchers. The results demonstrated statistically significant differences at ( α= 0.05) on chemistry conceptual problem posing and solving skills, among chemistry teachers between pre and post tests in favor to post tests. Recommendations and suggestions were provided based on the findings.
The perceptions of Male and Female Secondary Teachers toward the Criteria for Designing and Evaluating e-Learning & Educational Software in the Independent Secondary Schools in the State of Qatar
Authors: Almannai Abdullah S.
Published: May 2022

This study aimed to explore the perceptions of secondary school teachers in the State of Qatar toward the criteria for designing and evaluating e-learning and educational software in education in the independent secondary schools. A questionnaire was designed and validated, and was administered to a sample of 400 male and female secondary independent school teachers. The results revealed the following: High agreement among most of the teachers about the importance of the instructional design criteria for e-learning and educational software. A significant difference was found between male and female teachers in favor of male teachers; and a significant difference was found between those who attended computer workshops only and those who attended computer workshops plus ICDL, in favor of the latter group. No significant interactions were found for: gender by years of experience; gender by computer workshops; gender by major; years of experience by major; years of experience by computer workshops; and computer workshops by major. The results were interpreted and some recommendations and future studies were suggested
Constructing a Scale for Test Taking Strategies of Yarmouk Univer¬sity Students
Authors: Al Zubi Amal A.
Published: May 2022

The study aimed at constructing a valid and reliable scale to diagnose test-taking strategies used by students at Yarmouk University, and to investigate the effect of gender, achievement level, and college. To achieve these objectives a scale was developed with 40 items distributed across five domains. The validity was assessed using factor analysis and expert judgments, and the reliability was assessed by Cronbach alpha. The study findings were: Student’s utilization of test-taking strategies were moderate. Also, there were statistically significant differences in test-taking strategies due to gender, achievement level, and college. The researcher recommended that more studies be conducted to identify the factors that stand behind the low level of student utilization of test-taking strategies.
the Effects of Training Program based on Auditory Perception Skills in Enhancing Phonological Awareness among Learning Disability Students in Aseer Region
Authors: Khasawneh Mohamad A. , Al Ahmad Firas A. , Al Khawaldeh Mohamad A.
Published: May 2022

This study aimed to explore the effect of a training program based on auditory perception skills in enhancing phonological awareness among learning disability students in the Aseer region. The sample of the study consisted of forty students from grades 3, 4, 5 and 6 in the Aseer directorate of education. Students were diagnosed by the resources room teacher as learning disability students. The researchers used the semi-experimental design which consists of experimental and control groups. Results showed mean significant difference in the phonetic sequential-memorization skill between the experimental and control groups on the post-test, in favor of the experimental group. There was no significant difference in the auditory perception skills that could be attributed to grade level. The results showed a continuous effect for the phonological awareness development program in developing auditory perception skills among learning disability students in the Aseer area.
The Effectiveness of a Treatment Program in Decreasing the Psychological Stressors and Improving Self-Concept of Philadelphia University Students
Authors: Al-Khawaldeh Sanaa N. , Al- Khawaldeh Asmaa N.
Published: May 2022

The current study aimed to identify the effectiveness of a treatment program in decreasing the psychological stressors and improving self-concept of Philadelphia University students. The study population consisted of all students of the Faculty of Arts at Philadelphia University for the academic year 2015-2016. The psychological stressors and the self-concept measures were applied as a pre-test on 45 students, who wished to participate in the program.The study sample was selected from students who obtained high scores on the psychological stressors scale, and students who obtained low scores on the self-concept scale, which amounted to 30 students, who were divided randomly into two groups: the experimental group, which included 15 students who received the treatment program, and the control group, which included 15 students who did not receive the treatment program. Multivariate Analysis of Covariance was used to answer the first and the third questions, and the T-test of the associated samples was used to test the significance of differences between the two groups and answer the second and the fourth questions. The results of the statistical analysis indicated that there were statistically significant differences at the level of significance (α ≤ 0.05) between the experimental and the control groups on the post-test of both the stressor and the self-concept scales due to the effectiveness of the treatment program that has been applied to the experimental group.
Teachers’ Perceptions of Practices and Challenges of Innovating for the Inclusion of Special Needs University English Language Learners in Oman
Authors: Al-Busaidi Saleh , Tuzlukova Victoria
Published: May 2022

This study explored how English language teachers at Sultan Qaboos University’s Center for Preparatory Studies in Oman perceive practices and challenges related to inclusive education and innovating in teaching English to visually impaired students. The study was carried out taking descriptive qualitative approach. Interviews with seven English language teachers were used to collect data. We asked them about both successful and challenging aspects of creating an inclusive language learning environment and using assistive technologies. We found that assistive technology is crucial to language learning of special needs students. The identified challenges include insufficient teachers’ knowledge and expertise in inclusive education, lack of institutional focus of attention on systematic planning and material design for inclusion, novelty of the concepts of inclusive education and assistive technology among others. The results of the study indicate the need for targeted teacher training and professional development, and suggest that innovations in education and technology can be effectively used to shift practices and perspectives of English language teaching in the context of Oman to being universally accessible, equally usable, more inclusive and tailored to students’ individual needs.
The Effect of Multi-Media Instructional Design based on Sweller's Theory on Reducing Cognitive Load and Developing Scientific Concepts among Deaf Primary Students
Authors: Al Atiyat Aliah M.
Published: May 2022

This study aimed to investigate the effect of instructional design of multi-media on reducing cognitive load and the development of scientific concepts among primary school deaf students. It combined the descriptive and quasi-experimental design using an extension of pre-test and post-test experimental-control group design with three groups: an experimental group that was taught the "solar system, stars and galaxies" modules using multimedia software based on the principles of cognitive load theory; a second experimental group was taught the same content using multimedia software but was not based on the principles of cognitive load theory; and a control group that was taught via the textbook. The study sample consisting of 48 male and female deaf students was selected from Al-Amal Institutes at Jeddah, Madinah, and Tabuk. The study used two instruments: scientific concepts test and NASA-TLX scale of cognitive load. The results revealed that the first experimental group outperformed the second and control group students on both measures. However, there was no significant difference between the second experimental and control groups. It is recommended that Sweller’s theory and multimedia be used to design curriculum of science to deaf students.
Could Resilience and Flourishing be Mediators in the Relationship between Mindfulness and Life Satisfaction for Saudi College Students? A Psychometric and Exploratory Study
Authors: Younes Marei S. , Alzahrani Mohammed R.
Published: May 2022

In There are few Arabic studies examining the disposition of mindfulness, resilience, and well-being of college students. The purpose of the present study is to examine the factor structure and internal consistency of the Arabic version of mindful attention awareness scale (MAAS) and the brief resilience scale, and to test a model that describes the role of resilience and well-being, in relation to mindfulness and life satisfaction. For this reason, a study of two folds was conducted with the assistance of Umm Al-Quraa University students (n = 562; n = 534). Mindfulness, resilience, flourishing and life satisfaction scales are the variables that were used. Results show that both mindfulness and resilience scales were revealed to be unidimensional and have high reliability estimates. Both resilience and flourishing are partial mediators in the relationship between mindful and life satisfaction. In addition, resilience had an impact on flourishing. Mindfulness partially had an effect on life satisfaction. In conclusion, mindfulness and resilience scales had good structural validity and reliability.
Structure of Burnout among Omani Male and Female Teachers: Invariance of Structure across Gender
Authors: Abu-Hilal Maher , Al dafri Said , Kilani Hashem
Published: May 2022

Previous studies have supported the conceptualization that burnout consists of three aspects: emotional exhaustion, depersonalization and reduced personal accomplishment. When the proposed structure of burnout was tested in several studies, these three aspects were confirmed. However, several researchers found that depersonalization consists of two factors rather than one. The first factor is related to the job, while the second factor is related to students. The original factor structure (3-factor model) and the revised structure were tested by few Arab researchers. Recently, the Maslach Burnout Inventory (MBI) has been introduced to the Omani educational setting. This study aimed to test the two structures of MBI with a representative sample of Omani teachers (N=2446). Confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) revealed that the 4-factor model was superior and more parsimonious (CFI = .919, RMSEA = .051) than the 3-factor model (CFI = .887, RMSEA = .059). Three of the four factors had a high reliability coefficient (emotional exhaustion, a = .87, personal accomplishment, a = .76, depersonalization-job, a = .79) while depersonalization of students had low reliability (a = .47). The latter seems to be culture specific.
The Effectiveness of Training Program on the Development of Critical Thinking Skills among University Students
Authors: Naji Majed A. , Al-Rasheed Abdulrahman S.
Published: May 2022

The present study aimed to investigate the effectiveness of a training program on the development of critical thinking among Saudis students enrolled in undergraduate studies. It which included a system of critical thinking skills, namely: deductive reasoning, drawing inferences, recognizing assumptions, argument evaluation and logical interpretation. Forty undergraduate Saudi students participated in this study. All were withdrawn from the population of the Psychology department at King Saud University. Their ages ranged between 18 and 23 years with an average age of 21.70 and a standard deviation of 0.88. All were randomly assigned to two equally numbered experimental and control groups. A training program was constructed to develop the critical thinking skills among the students. Those in the experimental group were trained on this program during 8 sessions, 2 sessions per a weak with 2-3 hours in each session. A critical thinking scale prepared by the National Center for Youth Studies (2014) was used to ensure program effectiveness. Results revealed the effectiveness of the training program on the development of critical thinking skills of the study sample in the general ability of critical thinking as well as in the capacity of its constituents.