bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Analysis of the Frequency Distribution and Immunohistochemical Features of the Expression of Matrix Metalloproteinases of the Second Type (MMP-2) in Preparations of Placental Tissue in Women with Recurrent Miscarriage
Authors: Гриневич Т.Н. , Ляликов С.А. , Дулевич А.С.
Published: October 2022

Формирование плаценты является инвазивным процессом и неотъемлемо связано с преобразованием базальной мембраны и экстрацеллюлярного матрикса, в котором принимает участие целый ряд ферментов, в том числе система матриксных металлопротеиназ.Цель. Изучить распределение частот генотипов генов матриксной металлопротеиназы второго типа и иммуногистохимические особенности их экспрессии в плацентарной ткани у женщин с ранними репродуктивными потерями и привычным невынашиванием беременности в анамнезе.Материалы и методы. В исследуемую группу включены 26 пациенток с привычным невынашиванием беременности и ранними репродуктивными потерями в анамнезе и 23 женщины с 3 и более физиологическими родами. В работе использованы современные молекулярно-биологические, иммуногистохимические и морфометрические методы исследования.Результаты. Данные анализа распределения частот металлопротеиназ второго типа и иммуногистохимические особенности экспрессии их в плацентарной ткани выявили различия между группами женщин с привычным невынашиванием беременности и физиологически протекающей беременностью.Выводы. Анализ генотипов системы матриксных металлопротеиназ может использоваться в клинической практике для оценки имплантационного процесса во время беременности, нарушение которого зачастую является основной причиной невынашивания на ранних сроках гестации.

The formation of the placenta is an invasive process and is inherently associated with the transformation of the basement membrane and the extracellular matrix. A number of enzymes take part in this process including the system of matrix metalloproteinases.The objective of this study was to study the frequency of genotypes of matrix metalloproteinase type 2 genes and immunohistochemical features of their expression in placental tissue in women with early reproductive losses and a history of recurrent miscarriage.Materials and methods. The study group included 26 patients with recurrent miscarriage with a history of early reproductive losses and 23 women with three or more physiological deliveries. The work uses modern molecular biological, immunohistochemical and morphometric research methods.Results. Data from the analysis of the frequency distribution of metalloproteinases of the second type and the immunohistochemical features of their expression in the placental tissue revealed differences between groups of women with recurrent miscarriage and physiological pregnancy.Conclusions. Analysis of the genotypes of the matrix metalloproteinase system can be used in clinical practice to assess the implantation process during pregnancy the violation of which is often the main cause of miscarriage in the early stages of gestation.
Current Guidelines in Nutrition of Preterm Infants
Authors: Козарезова А.М. , Климкович Н.Н. , Иващенко Т.А. , Егорова Н.Ю. , Козарезов С.Н.
Published: October 2022

В статье представлен аналитический обзор литературы по питанию недоношенных детей. До настоящего времени нет унифицированных стандартов по проведению нутритивной поддержки для этой группы пациентов. Авторами рассмотрены современные подходы, показания и противопоказания к назначению энтерального и парентерального питания недоношенным. Представлены правила и алгоритмы расчета питательных веществ и критерии оценки нутритивного статуса. Проведен анализ определения методов и сроков введения питания в целях обеспечения адекватного роста и развития недоношенного новорожденного. Рекомендации по энтеральному обеспечению недоношенных детей сформулированы на основании данных ведущих организаций по проблеме питания в педиатрии: ESPGHAN, ESPEN, ESPR.

The article presents an analytical review of resources on the nutrition of premature babies. Until now there aren’t any unified standards of nutritional support for this group of patients. The authors review modern approaches, indications and contraindications of prescribing preterm infants enteral and parenteral nutrition. We present rules and algorithms for calculating nutrients and criteria for evaluating nutritional status. An analysis was made to determine methods and right timing for introducing nutrition in order to ensure adequate growth and development of a premature newborn. Recommendations for enteral nutrition of preterm infants are based on data from leading pediatric nutrition organizations: ESPGHAN, ESPEN, ESPR.
The Effectiveness of Using DermoXen® Lenitiva for the Treatment of Women with Nonspecific Itching of the Intimate Area
Authors: Гутикова Л.В. , Карати Д.
Published: October 2022

Зуд определяется как неприятное кожное ощущение, связанное с немедленным желанием активизировать рефлекс чесания. В частности, зуд может возникать в области наружной генитальной зоны по нескольким причинам (бактериальная инфекция, грибковая инфекция, стресс, неадекватное интимное поведение, синтетическая одежда). Цель исследования заключалась в сравнении эффективности крема DermoXen® Lenitiva с кремом на основе метилпреднизолона ацепоната 0,1% для лечения зуда интимной зоны. Проведено независимое рандомизированное двойное слепое контролируемое исследование у 60 женщин с неспецифическим генитальным зудом и отрицательным вагинальным мазком на бактериальные и грибковые инфекции. Отмечено более выраженное снижение уровня зуда до 0,44 балла в группе использования DermoXen® Lenitiva при достижении 0,89 балла соответственно в группе использования крема метилпреднизолона ацепоната. Через 30 дней после лечения количество пациенток с легким зудом в группе кортикостероидной терапии почти в 2 раза превышало таковую в группе лечения кремом DermoXen® Lenitiva. Следует отметить статистически достоверный непрерывный рост уровня сексуального и генитального комфорта в обеих группах на протяжении всего периода лечения (p<0,05).

Itching can be defined as an unpleasant skin sensation associated with an immediate urge to scratch. In particular, the external genital area may itch for several reasons (bacterial infection, fungal infection, stress, bad sexual behavior, synthetic intimate clothing). The purpose of the study was to compare the efficacy of DermoХen® Lenitiva cream versus cream-based methylprednisolone aceponate 0.1% in the treatment of vulvar pruritus. This was an independent, randomized, double-blind, controlled trial on 60 women with a specific genital pruritus with a negative vaginal smear for bacterial or fungal infection. There was a more pronounced reduction in itching to 0.44 points in the DermoXen® Lenitiva group, while reaching 0.89 points, respectively, in the methylprednisolone aceponate cream group. Four weeks after treatment, the number of patients with mild itching in the corticosteroid therapy group was almost 2 times higher than in the DermoXen® Lenitiva cream group. It should be noted a statistically significant continuous increase in the level of sexual and genital comfort in both groups throughout the entire period of treatment (p<0.05).
FLAME RETARDANT AND ANTIMICROBIAL PAPER COATINGS WITH ROSEMARY OIL AND BARIUM BORATE
Authors:   Department of Visual Auditory Techniques and Media Productions, Vocational School of Technical Sciences, Konya Technical University, Konya, Turkey, ÇÖLÜK GÖKHAN , URAL ELIF ,   Department of Printing and Publishing Technologies, Vocational School of Technical Sciences, Marmara University, Istanbul, Turkey, ARMAN KANDIRMAZ EMINE ,   "Department of Printing Technologies, School of Applied Sciences, Marmara University, Istanbul, Turkey "
Published: October 2022

Adding an antimicrobial effect to the papers used in the cardboard packaging industry can extend the life of the packed product. Paper, due to its structure, has the property of being ignited quickly. Enhancing the properties of paper, the combination of antimicrobial protection, low flammability and good printability to the paper will expand its usage area in the packaging industry. In this study, barium borate was synthesized in order to impart low flammability to paper. Different combinations of rosemary oil and barium borate were mixed with binding starch in varying amounts, and formulations were prepared. With these mixtures, 80 g/m2 paper was coated using a laboratory-type paper coating machine. The antimicrobial properties of the paper were investigated by performing the disk diffusion antimicrobial test against E. coli and S. aureus bacteria. The Limiting Oxygen Index (LOI) test was performed to determine the low flammability of the paper. Color, gloss, contact angle and surface energy tests were performed for the printability properties of the paper. As a result, the coatings containing formulations of barium borate and rosemary oil, applied to the paper surface, succeeded in imparting antimicrobial and low flammability properties to the papers, while also improving the printability features.
KNOWLEDGE, ATTITUDE & PRACTICE REGARDING EYE DONATION AMONG MEDICAL, NURSING AND ALLIED HEALTH SCIENCES STUDENTS
Authors: Mohan Indu , R S Rekha , Thampi Bindu , Mahadevan K
Published: October 2022

Purpose: Corneal diseases constitute a signicant cause of visual impairment. There is considerable backlog for corneal
transplantation due to lack of awareness. Aim of this study was to assess the knowledge, attitude, and practice regarding
eye donation among Medical, Nursing and Allied health sciences students of a medical college in Kerala. A cross-sectional descriptive Methods:
study was conducted among all rst year Medical, Nursing and Allied health sciences students of a medical college in Kerala. A standard
predesigned questionnaire was given after obtaining informed consent, to assess their knowledge, attitude and practice regarding eye donation.
The data was analysed using statistical package SPSS version 21.0 IBM corp. Results: Out of the 285 rst year students , 268 responded
(94.03%) and majority were females (73.5%). Participants were well aware of eye donation (98.9%). Media was the major source of information
for their knowledge (79.5%). Although 94.3% of the students considered eye donation as a service to mankind, only 69.8% were willing to pledge
their eyes. Objection by family members (58.6%) was the major reason for not pledging their eyes. 92.1 % were willing to give awareness
regarding eye donation to others. Awareness about eye donation was high and knowledge wa Conclusion: s fair. However, the attitude and
practice showed mixed responses. Thus strategies and programmes have to be devised to increase the knowledge , attitude and practice regarding
eye donation among students in medical colleges so that they can act as good motivators for the general public .
SPECTRUM OF OPPORTUNISTIC FUNGAL INFECTIONS IN COVID-19 AFFECTED PATIENTS IN A TERTIARY CARE HOSPITAL
Authors: Madhuri Rekapalli Lekha , Murty D. Satyanarayana , Lakshmi G. Rajya , Rani A. Durga
Published: October 2022

Background and aim: Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome
coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), has rapidly spread around the world. COVID-19 patients particularly those with Diabetes,
Critically ill and Immunocompromised patients have higher probability of suffering from opportunistic fungal infections. Treatment of COVID19 with immunosuppressive agents (e.g. corticosteroids and cytokine blockers) remains a complicated challenge, especially among patients
with severe disease which may increase the risk of invasive fungal infections. We studied the association of risk factors in COVID-19 affected
patients leading to opportunistic fungal infections. A cross-sectional observationa Materials and Methods: l study was conducted on a total
number of 500 clinically suspected cases of fungal infection attending ENT outpatient department during May 2021 to August 2021. Samples
were processed and identied by direct microscopy and culture. A total number of 500 clinically susp Results: ected cases were screened for
microscopy and culture. Of which 324 cases (64.8%) identied with fungal growth. Among these 324 cases, 51.5% were Aspergillosis, 31.4%
were Mucormycosis, 12.9% were Candidiasis, 2.4% were mixed infection with Mucormycosis and Aspergillosis and 1.5% were identied with
other opportunistic fungi. Out of 324 cases, known diabetics were 50% and non-diabetic with increase blood glucose levels were 22.8% and on
steroid therapy were 66.3%. Most of the cases were presented in the recovery phase of COVID-19 (74%) than during the active phase (26%) of
the infection. COVID-19 is associated with secondary fungal infections due to im Conclusion: mune dysregulation and the wide spread use of
immunomodulatory drugs along with certain risk factors like diabetes mellitus and immunocompromised conditions. Judicious use of steroids
and stringent glycemic control can prevent the severity of the disease. Early recognition of this life threatening infection is the key to allow for
optimal treatment and improved outcomes.
TO STUDY INCIDENCE, PROGRESSION, AND BURDEN OF LONG COVID AMONG POST COVID PATIENTS AND ITS IMPLICATION IN HEALTHCARE SETTINGS.
Authors: Goyal Sanjay , Kumar Saurav , Bijlwan Aanchal , Tiwari Vineet Kumar , Sinha Veena , Singh Kaurav Yogesh , Kumar Singh Shailendra , Verma Ashish
Published: October 2022

Introduction- The long-term effects of SARS-CoV-2 infection are becoming a signicant burden on society and
healthcare systems. Data on post-COVID-19 syndrome in the general population is needed to organise healthcare
treatments and resources in a timely manner.(1) In adults hospitalised with severe coronavirus illness, long-term symptom duration and
impairment are typical (COVID-19). Understanding the complete spectrum of COVID-19–associated disease and adjusting public health
messages, treatments, and policies requires characterising return to baseline health among outpatients with milder COVID-19 illness.(2) Aims
and Objectives This study aims to nd incidence and assess progression and burden of long covid among post covid patients. Methodology- A
cross sectional interview-based study was conducted for a period of 3 months among post covid patients to nd the incidence of long Covid. The
list of respondents was obtained from health departments records listing post covid patients from March 2021 to November 2021. Results- Our
study found that symptoms of Covid persisted long after patient was declared Covid negative. Majority of the patients 78 patients reported
dermatological symptom of hairfall along with memory loss and muscle weakness. Conclusion- This study will help the public health care
providers, clinicians and the policymakers to be prepared for the symptoms faced in post COVID-19 and general public in the coming months and
years. It will also throw light into the possible factors which are associated with persistent post-acute COVID-19 infection.
SOLITARY PIGMENTED NEUROFIBROMA OF BUCCAL MUCOSA: A RARE CLINICAL ENTITY
Authors: Sudarshan Sudarshan , A Joshi Shilpa , Ranganathan H K Ajeya , Topajiche Sathyajith
Published: October 2022

Neurobroma is a benign tumour of peripheral nerves composed of schwann cells and endoneural broblasts. It may
occur as solitary lesion or a syndromic condition as Von-Recklinghausen's disease or very rarely as multiple
neurobromas without any association with neurobromatosis syndrome. Solitary neurobromatous lesions that occur in the buccal mucosa
mimic the appearance of traumatic broma unless other extra-oral features indicate the diagnosis towards the former. We are reporting the case of
solitary melanotic neurobroma without any tell-tale signs of neurobroma extra-orally but proved to be so with the assistance of
histopathological and immunohistochemical analysis.
A STUDY TO EVALUATE THE HEALING (RE-EPITHELIALISATION) TIME AND OUTCOMES OF CORNEAL PERFORATION AND DESCEMETOCELE AFTER AMNIOTIC MEMBRANE GRAFTING
Authors: Agrawal Sonal , Goyal Rajesh , Choudhary Ashana , Upadhyay Sukriti , Gupta Elika
Published: October 2022

Background: Corneal perforation and Descemetocele is a potential disabling complication, caused by diseases like
infections, autoimmune diseases, trauma etc. Surgical approaches, such as tissue adhesive, bandage contact lens, AMT
(Amniotic Membrane Transplantation), transpositional conjunctival ap, and therapeutic Penetrating Keratoplasty (PK), are available. AMG is
one of good alternative for the management of small or impending corneal perforation to reconstruct the surface. AMT can prevent urgent need of
penetrating keratoplasty. The aim of present study is to assess the efcacy of AMG in treating corneal perforation ≤ 2mm and descemetocele of
any size and to evaluate the time of healing and stability of corneal surface. This is a prospective interventional analytical study Method:
conducted on all men and women with a diagnosis of corneal perforation ≤2mm or descemetocele of any size attending our institute for period of
8 months. All patients were treated with multi-layered amniotic membrane grafting and were followed for 10 months postoperatively. Results:
We included a total of 59 cases. There were 31 female and 28 male patients. The mean age (±SD) was 50.93±17.57 years. There were 30 cases of
corneal perforation and 29 cases of descemetocele. On nal follow up, 67.79% patients successfully achieved reepithelization. Epithelial closure
was observed within rst 4 weeks of grafting in 24 (40.68%) patients, between 5 to 8 weeks in 9 (20.93%) patients and in 7 (16.27%) patients the
healing occurred after 8 weeks till 10 months after AMT. No epithelial closure was achieved in the remaining 19 (32.20%) patients. There was no
statistically signicant difference in relation to age groups and gender when compared to outcome (Success and Failed graft) (p=0.869 and 0.452
respectively). Baseline BCVA (Best Corrected Visual Acuity) did not show statistically signicant difference between the different subgroups
(p-value=0.668) and the difference was statistically highly signicant postoperatively (p<0.0001). BCVA post operatively, on nal assessment,
was observed statistically signicant in the success group (p<0.001) with LogMar values of 1.84±0.58 preoperatively to 0.94±0.59 on nal
follow up. In this study, we observed that AMT has good success rate and is a Conclusion: cost effective and non-invasive method in the
treatment most cases of various etiologies of small corneal perforations and descemetocele.
CLINICAL AND FUNCTIONAL OUTCOMES OF TUBULAR DISCECTOMY: A STUDY OF 60 CASES
Authors: N Parmar Himanshu , Turakhiya Jay V , C Zala Kushal , J Patel Kunjal , Prajapati Anant
Published: October 2022

Objectives: Various types of minimally invasive techniques have been developed for the treatment of lumbar disc
herniation. The original laminectomy was rened into microdiscectomy and now into tubular discectomy and endoscopic
discectomy. This study aimed to evaluate the immediate postoperative to 6 months outcomes of patients undergoing tubular discectomy using a
simple tubular dilator system and 2.5x binocular loupe. 60 patients were operated Materials and Methods: with tubular discectomy at PDU
Hospital, Rajkot which is a tertiary level center between June 2021 to December 2021. They were studied for the following data: Baseline
characteristics, Visual analog scale (VAS) for leg pain and post operative back pain, Modied Oswestry Disability Index (ODI) scores, length of
hospital stay, time taken to return to work, duration of surgery, intra- and post-operative complications, and reoperation rates. The VAS Results:
score for leg pain, post-operative back pain, and Modied ODI scores showed improvement during the 6 Months after Surgery. Mean ODI score
improved from 64.18 to 24.04 at 1 month and 19.38 at 6 months follow-up and Mean VAS score improved from 8 to 3.23 at 1 month and 2.72 at 6
months follow up .Time taken to return to work and mean hospital stay was shorter. The mean duration of surgery was shorter with less blood
loss. This study revealed that the rate of recovery is signicantly faster Conclusion: for tubular discectomy , Shorter hospital stay, less blood loss
with fewer complications.
COMPARATIVE STUDY OF DOXOFYLLINE OVER OTHER METHYLXANTHINES AS ADD-ON THERAPY TO INHALED CORTICOSTEROIDS IN STABLE ASTHMA PATIENTS
Authors: Thakur Rinky , Kumar Sanjay , Anand Nipendra , Kumar Amit
Published: October 2022

Background: Doxofylline is a novel methylxanthine with effects similar to other members of the group and with certain
advantages over them. The present study aims to compare the efcacy and safety of the same over other members of the
methylxanthine group. The study was observational and prospective of one year duration (Dec Methods: ember 2018-2019) and was conducted
at Nalanda Medical College and Hospital. A total of 100 patients diagnosed with mild to moderate persistent asthma stable at the time of
presentation with FEV1 50% or more of the predicted were included in the study. Half of them were given doxofylline and the remaining half
were furter subdivided into two groups to be given theophylline and xed dose combination of etofylline and theophylline respectively and the
results were noted. Efcacy was assessed by monitoring the Pulmonary Function Test (PFT) values [– Forced Vital Capacity (FVC), Forced
Expiratory Volume in 1 sec (FEV1), FEV1/FVC and Peak Expiratory Flow Rate (PEFR)] and by subjective assessment of disease control by
Asthma Control Test questionnaire. Tolerability was assessed by voluntary reporting of adverse effects by the patients and also those observed
and enquired. The present study demonstrated that Doxofylline was comparable to othe Results And Conclusion: r methylxanthines in
improving the PFT parameters over subsequent visits though it was statistically better in improving the subjective control of asthma (ACT
scores). Also, the patients experienced fewer side effects with doxofylline when compared to the other group. Thus, we conclude that doxofylline
could be a better and safer option to other methylxanthines in treating asthma patients.
OBSERVATIONAL STUDY OF ETIOLOGY AND OUTCOME IN HOLLOW VISCUS PERFORATION
Authors: Kumar Pulluru Bala Susheeth , R Patel Amit , Chaudhari Devendra , S Maisuria Rushabh
Published: October 2022

Background: Gastrointestinal perforation is a common abdominal emergency having a high morbidity and mortality.
Missed diagnosis and late intervention are frequent causes of increased morbidity and mortality especially in patients
who survive the initial phase of insult. Diagnosis and treatment of gastrointestinal perforation remains a formidable problem in our country. Aim
& Objevtives: To compare certain common etiologies and their outcomes in the following diseases and sites respectively Acid Peptic
Disease–Duodenal/Gastric Typhoid- Ileal Diverticulitis-Colon Trauma-Any Part Retrospec Methods: tive observational study of 50 Operated
Patients done in Government Medical College Surat during period of September 2019 to December 2020 According to Inclusion and Exclusion
Criteria. Data is analysed using descriptive statistics (Percentage, Proportions). Among 50 cases of hollow viscus Results & Conclusion:
perforation, Peptic perforation was common (33 out of 50 cases). Next being Ileal perforation. Jejunum was common site of perforation in blunt
abdominal trauma. Peptic Perforations are more commonly seen in 40-60yrs of age group with alcohol and smoking as their addiction, with
worker as occupation. Typhoid Perforations are more commonly seen in 20-40yrs of age group. In this study except for wound dehiscence in 4
cases which needed secondary suturing, no major morbidity noted. 4% mortality noted in the present study.
“PREVALENCE AND MORPHOLOGY OF PALMARIS LONGUS AND HARVESTING ITS TENDON FOR RECONSTRUCTIVE SURGERY – A CADAVERIC STUDY.”
Authors: Myageri Maheshwari , R Manikya , B S Bhavya
Published: October 2022

Introduction: Palmaris longus is often described as one of the most variable muscles in the human body and is
phylogenetically classied as a retrogressive muscle. Being a primitive muscle, its bro-fascial distal component along
with the palmar aponeurosis represents phylogenetic degeneration. Palmaris longus is one of the most desirable tendons in reconstructive
surgery, as it is a supercial muscle that makes the process of harvesting easier and safer. The study aims to know the prevalence and morphology
of the Palmaris longus muscle and to determine the proximal incision site for harvesting the tendon of Palmaris longus. Materials and methods:
Source of data: A study was conducted on 100 upper limbs (50 right and 50 left) from embalmed cadaver allotted for 1st MBBS students.
Method: Dissection and observation of the status of prevalence and morphology of Palmaris longus muscle were done and this data was used to
frame the site of incision for harvesting its tendon. The data of prevalence in Results: which out of 100 upper limbs, 90 limbs showed normal
morphology and 10 limbs (5 right and 5 left) showed complete agenesis. The mean belly length, belly width and tendon length, tendon width on
both limbs were tabulated. Based on the observations a formula to determine the proximal incision site was derived. Conclusion: The variations
of Palmaris longus is more common, the surgeons should have proper knowledge about prevalence, morphology and site of incision for
harvesting Palmaris longus tendon for reconstruction surgeries.
A CLINICAL STUDY OF GASTRIC OUTLET OBSTRUCTION IN ADULTS
Authors: Sabira S. , Jahan B.Shahbaz , Shamilli Shaik
Published: October 2022

Introduction : Gastric Outlet Obstruction implies complete or incomplete obstruction of the distal stomach, pylorus or
proximal duodenum[1]. This may occur as an obstructing mass lesion, external compression or as a result of obstruction
from acute edema, chronic scarring and brosis or a combination of both[1,2].Gastric outlet obstruction is not a single entity; it is the clinical and
pathophysiological consequence of any disease process that produces a mechanical impediment to gastric emptying[3]. To Aims Of The Study :
determine the relative incidence of benign and malignant gastric outlet obstruction.To study the modes of presentation of gastric outlet
obstruction.To study the outcome of management of gastric outlet obstruction. The pat Materials And Methods : ients for this study have been
selected from Kurnool medical college, KURNOOL from September 2020 to April 2022. In total, 50 in-patients of gastric outlet obstruction have
been studied. An elaborate study of these cases with regard to the history, clinical features, routine and special investigations, pre-operative
treatment, operative ndings, postoperative management and complications in post-operative period is done. Of the 50 cases of gastric Results :
outlet obstruction 26 had carcinoma antrum, 23 had cicatrized duodenal ulcer and 1 had gastric outlet obstruction secondary to corrosive
ingestion. The commonest causes of gastric outlet obstruction in adults are Conclusion : carcinoma stomach with antral growth producing
gastric outlet obstruction (52%) and cicatrised duodenal ulcer (46%). Number of cases with cicatrised duodenal ulcer as the chief etiological
factor for gastric outlet obstruction is diminishing and the number of cases of antral carcinoma of stomach as the cause of gastric outlet
obstruction is increasing.
FACTORS INFLUENCING THE OUTCOME OF SELECTIVE NERVE ROOT BLOCK IN MANAGEMENT OF LUMBAR RADICULOPATHY
Authors: Babu B Mahesh , A Aravindan , AR Narayanan
Published: October 2022

Selective nerve root block (SNRB) is an approved procedure in management of lumbar radicular pain. The aim was to
study the determinants that inuence the therapeutic effectiveness of selective nerve root injection in treatment of patients
with Lumbar radicular pain. 28 patients between July 2020 o May 2022 with lumbar radi Materials & Methods: cular pain underwent SNRB . All
Selective Nerve Root Blocks were performed as inpatient procedures without premedication. Pain severity was evaluated using various
assessment scales (visual analogue scale, Rolland – Morris scale,) and results are analyzed both pre procedure and post procedure. Various
parameters like age, sex, nature of work, duration of symptom, amount of pain relief, ability to return back to their regular activities were assessed.
Results: In our study we found that selective nerve root block was more effective in patients presenting with acute symptoms, who are moderately
built, with MSU 2AB grading and who were engaged in moderate level of physical occupation with maximum VAS & RMDQ score at the time of
presentation. SNRB was less effective in obese patient of more than 80 kgs, BMI of < 28. Nerve Root Block is an effective Conclusion:
therapeutic tool for Lumbar Radicular pain and should be recommended as the initial treatment of choice for this condition. Various
constitutional, environmental and behavioral factors inuence the outcome.
A STUDY ON PERCEIVED SOCIAL PROBLEM AS OPINED BY THE INHABITANTS BELONGING TO KOLKATA CITY
Authors: Roy Piyali , Bhattacharya Swaha
Published: October 2022

The aim of the present investigation is to study the perceived social problem as opined by the inhabitants belonging to
North, Central and South zone of Kolkata city. A group of 300 individuals belonging to three zones of Kolkata city were
selected as sample. Perceived Social Problem Questionnaire along with a General Information Schedule were administered to the selected group
of subjects by giving proper instruction. Findings revealed that the male inhabitants belonging to North versus Central zone of Kolkata city differ
signicantly in terms of perceived social problem. The same is true for South versus North zone of Kolkata city. On the other hand, no signicant
difference was observed in case of Central versus South zone. The same comparison is true for female group. Besides this, gender-wise
comparison reveals signicant difference between the inhabitants belonging to Central zone of Kolkata city in terms of perceived social problem.
But no signicant difference was observed in case of North and South zone of Kolkata city. Adequate measures may be taken to get rid of the
problem.
STUDY OF CLINICAL AND LABORATORY PROFILE OF PATIENTS WITH ADRENAL MASS.
Authors: Khan Sohil , Bansal Naresh , Singhal Anuj , kumar K Kiran
Published: October 2022

Aims and objectives: AIM of this study was to observe and correlate clinical and laboratory prole of patients with
adrenal mass. The objective was to study clinical and laboratory prole of patients with adrenal mass with the secondary
objective to establish the etiological diagnosis with adrenal mass Methods: This observational study was carried out at tertiary care government
hospital in north India from Jul 2020 to June 2022. Based on prevalence 4.4 of the disease as per previous study sample size for 95% condence
level & 5% precision works out 43. The inclusion Criteria were patients detected to have adrenal mass or symptoms related with adrenal mass.
The exclusion criteria were any pre-existing known malignancy other than adrenal gland. Subsequent to enrolment the demographic data,
clinical data, laboratory data, hormonal assays and radiological data was recorded as per predesigned proforma. The adrenal CT imaging
protocol consists of three phases together are used for calculating absolute percentage washout and/or relative percentage washout to
differentiate lipid-poor adenomas from primary carcinoma and metastases. Results: The mean age was 39± 15.41. Majority of patients were
males 35(77.8%). 86.7% subjects had no comorbidity, 7.9 % had HTN. 6.7% patients were noted to have clinical cushings whereas in 4.4%
subject acanthosis nigricans and goiter was seen. On Overnight dexamethasone suppression test, 16/45 patients were observed with value higher
than <2.01 ug/dl, similar was the case with low dose dexamethasone suppression test. There was a signicant rise in the mean plasma free
metanephrine and urinary metanephrine noted in 12/ 45 patients. The minimum size of adrenal mass detected in the USG abdomen was 2.5 cm.
The minimum size of adrenal mass detected in the CT abdomen was 1.21 cm. There is a signicant association noted between absolute
percentage washout (APW) outcome and hormonal activity with p-value <0.001. Conclusion: 6.7 % had features of cushing's disease and 4.4 %
had acanthosis nigricans. On hormonal assays elevated metanephrine levels were seen in 26% subjects. On hormonal assays of ONDST and
LDDST 35.5 % subjects were seen with elevated levels. Other hormonal assays aldosterone, renin and ACTH were normal. CECT was sensitive
to identify a small adrenal mass up to 0.633 cm. 34 % of adrenal mass were hyper functional and 2 % were found malignant in this study
Action of Estrogen In Breast Cancer: A review Study
Authors: Ibrahim Suad , Berkson Rachel
Published: October 2022

Estrogen hormone is one of the steroid hormones has a critical role in breast cancer etiology. It has been implicated in proliferation and differentiation of cells through its action promoting binding of its receptor to DNA, changing transcriptional expression of target genes. In addition to the classical DNA binding mechanism, estrogen can also regulate gene expression through a nongenomic mechanism associated with activation a variety of signal transduction pathways (e.g. PI3`K/AKT, ERK/MAPK, PLC/PKCs , p38/MAPK). Dysregulation of the balance between pro-apoptotic and anti-apoptotic members of the Bcl-2 family, would result in apoptosis inhibition and tumorigenesis. Also, poor responses towards hormonal therapy, radiotherapy, and chemotherapy and treatment resistance are likely caused by dysregulation of apoptosis. Importantly, E2 has been shown to prevent apoptosis, first through its action in activation of anti-apoptotic proteins like Bcl-xl and Bcl-2 in breast cells like MCF-7, T47D and ZR-75-1 or due to its metabolites independently of ER. Estrogen metabolism includes several very important pathways that can possibly induce de novo DNA mutation. These pathways include:2, &4-hydroxylation, 16 α hydroxylation and 4 hydroxyestradiol-quinone-adenine/guanine adduct depurination, which subsequently participate in DNA damage that can lead to breast cancer. Endocrine resistance is considered one of the most permanent problems that can reduce the benefits of breast cancer treatment. Alteration of microRNAs expression, polymorphisms occuring in tamoxifen metabolism, and using reduntant alternative signaling pathways, resulting in poor treatment responses of breast cancer patients and induction of endocrine resistance.Thus, most proposed therapeutic strategies will be based on a combination of drugs targeting various pathways alongside endocrine therapy that may improve the outcomes of endocrine responses in resistant breast cancer cells.
Criminal policy in the field of road safety at the present stage
Authors: Lebedev Aleksandr
Published: October 2022

The article discusses the trends in criminal policy in the field of traffic in the Russian Federation over the past two decades. The concept of criminal policy in the field of road safety is given. The effectiveness of criminal law regulation in matters of ensuring road safety is established.
Compromise in early legal culture
Authors: Parfenov Aleksandr
Published: October 2022

The beginning of a truly philosophical understanding of the phenomenon of compromise is found in the ancient cultural tradition. Later, the theses put forward by ancient researchers were developed in the works of medieval authors. The political and legal views of scientists of these periods laid the foundations for understanding compromise, which remain relevant to this day. This article contains an attempt to study the most significant ideas of ancient and medieval authors, reflecting the nature of compromise and its purpose in the life of society. The theoretical propositions formulated on the basis of their analysis should become an important addition to the modern concept of compromise. Its formation is one of the stages in the construction of a modern theory of legal compromise.
Philosophy of Law in a Non-Legal University: to the Problem of Building a Master’s Program
Authors: Treushnikov I. , Gryaznova E. , Sprenger Kjell
Published: October 2022

The article analyzes the issues of legal education in non-legal educational institutions of higher education. The authors of the article believe that legal education is one of the constituent elements of the modern socialization of the individual. The level of legal culture of society as a whole depends on its successful solution. The authors pay attention primarily to the philosophy of law. Consideration of the place of this academic discipline in the system of teaching masters in the field of “theology” allows us to draw conclusions about the importance of the philosophy of law in higher education. The authors believe that the philosophy of law contributes to the formation of a holistic sense of justice and a holistic legal culture. The philosophy of law is focused on finding answers to such questions as: “What is the essence of law?”, “What is its nature?”, “What is the relationship between law and other social norms?”, “Is every law correct?”, “What is the path to legal law?”, “What is legal consciousness?” etc. These issues are especially relevant for specialists in non-legal fields of knowledge. The authors of the article believe that legal education in our country contributes not only to the transformation of our society into an active participant in the global legal system, but also becomes a factor in protecting civil society from unfair actions by various actors.
Legal symbolization (doctrine, practice, technique). Review of the monograph I. V. Maltseva “Symbols in law, legal science and legal education” (Moscow: NORM, INFRA-M Publ., 2022. 256 p.)
Authors: Baranov Vladimir , Davydova Marina
Published: October 2022

Legal symbolization (doctrine, practice, technique). Review of the monograph I. V. Maltseva “Symbols in law, legal science and legal education” (Moscow: NORM, INFRA-M Publ., 2022. 256 p.)
Formation and development of legal regulation of procedural relations in Russia from the X to the beginning of the XX century:sources of law, periodization
Authors: Minnikes Irina
Published: October 2022

The article is devoted to the formation and development of a system of sources of law that regulated judicial proceedings in Russia during the X beginning of the XX century. The author’s periodization of the forms of legal regulation of the Russian process is proposed. It is established that the legal formalization of procedural relations goes through several stages, starting from regulation through disparate norms and ending with procedural codes. At the first stage, regulation is decentralized, procedural norms are dispersed in the texts of different sources of law and mixed with substantive law prescriptions. At the second stage, the stage of “polarized” law, procedural norms are concentrated mainly in the normative acts of the state, for example, Sudebniki, supplemented by the norms of other acts and sources of law. But as before, procedural prescriptions were mixed with substantive law in these acts. The third stage is the stage of centralized legal regulation. At the third stage, the regulation of procedural relations is completely monopolized by the legislator. Targeted procedural acts were adopted, for example, “A brief image of the processes or lawsuits” of 1715. The final, fourth stage is characterized by the adoption of codified procedural acts, in particular, “Laws on Judicial proceedings and civil penalties” and “Laws on Judicial Proceedings in cases of crimes and Misdemeanors”, which were included in the Code of Laws of the Russian Empire, and since 1864 — independent Civil Proceedings and Criminal Proceedings Charters.
Problems of reporting to the population by the district police officer
Authors: Adahovskaya Svetlana , Minnebaev Rustam
Published: October 2022

The relevance of the topic proposed for the study is determined, on the one hand, by the need to improve the legislative provisions of reporting activities with the participation of authorized police officers serving the administrative area, on the other hand, by the urgent need to change its practical component. The purpose of the study is to substantiate the sufficiency of reports by the police officers to the served population in electronic form by posting analytical materials on the official website of the territorial department of the Ministry of Internal Affairs of Russia on the Internet. The research was carried out using such methods as formal-legal, structural-functional, systemic, sociological and comparative-legal.

The paper raises the problem of anachronism of the annual reports of the constables to the population on the state of the operational situation in the form in which the reports are being conducted now. The author substantiates the lack of necessity and expediency of conducting an annual report offline on the state of the operational situation by the district police commissioner in front of the population living in his administrative area. The result of the study is a proposal to amend departmental regulatory legal acts of the Ministry of Internal Affairs of Russia in terms of fixing the report in the form of its publication on the official website of the territorial body of the Ministry of Internal Affairs of Russia at the district level.
Smart contract as a civil law way of disposing of digital rights: problems of theoretical substantiation and practical application
Authors: Krokhina Yulia , Svechnikov Vladimir
Published: October 2022

Complex socio-economic processes are simultaneously taking place in Russian society: the economy is adapting to external economic challenges and, due to the COVID-19 epidemic, many aspects of social life are being transferred online. As a result, there is a transformation of all types of entrepreneurial activity, oriented both to the end consumer and to another legal entity (B2B transactions). The digitalization of commerce objectively requires an effective legal response to the procedures for concluding and executing contracts. A feature of the Russian legal system for regulating digital assets can be considered the impossibility of concluding direct transactions, bypassing a specialized information platform.

The article discusses the features of smart contracts as a civil law way of disposing of digital rights. The activity of an information platform operator or a market maker as an intermediary is analyzed. Their positive and negative impact on the digital asset market is shown.

The conclusion is substantiated that the disposal of digital rights through the use of a smart contract cannot be identified with all other classical contractual structures. Smart contracts, including those that are made using blockchain and Ethereum technology, are legally different from the electronic form of a civil law contract. Despite the obvious advantages of a smart contract as a way to manage digital assets, in the absence of legal regulation, significant business risks arise that require a prompt and effective legislative solution
Collisions of Psychiatric Emergency Care to Indictees as a Subject of the Lawyer’s Active Position in Criminal Proceedings in Russia
Authors: Kovtun Nikolay
Published: October 2022

The subject of analysis in this work is legislative innovations governing the procedure for the temporary placement of an accused and suspect in a medical organization providing psychiatric care in inpatient conditions (federal law 491-FZ and federal law 500-FZ). The author analyzes the grounds and persons initiating the application of the said measure; goals and procedural form of its application; a set of guarantees for persons in respect of whom this measure is applied. As a result, the work reveals the main collisions of the introduced normative innovations; the gaps in the regulation of the fundamental aspects of the provision of emergency psychiatric care was noted; actual suggestions and recommendations were made in these matters.
Security Challenges: M2M Communication in IoT
Authors: Devasis Pradhan  , Hla Myo Tun
Published: October 2022

In recent times, smart devices, smart homes, smart manufacturing, and even smart cities, all of which are connected to the Internet of Things (IoT) have become quite common. IoT technology heavily relies on Machine-to-Machine (M2M) communication in order to make all smart technologies behave in a smart way. Any type of connection between two devices that does not require human intervention is referred to as "machine-to-machine" communication technology. The IoT is a system of devices with unique identifiers that can transmit information over a network. There is no interaction between humans or machines in the IoT. The IoT is now widely used in a variety of sectors, including banking (connected branches), and industries where secrecy and privacy of data are the important components. The IoT allows multiple machines to design a connected data network, whereas M2M makes it possible for devices to communicate with one another. Therefore, this paper gives a brief review work on security challenges faced in the connection between IoT and M2M communication and the significance of both technologies.
Power extraction from floating elastic plates
Authors: Michele Simone , Buriani Federica , Renzi Emiliano
Published: October 2022

We present a novel mathematical model to investigate the extraction of wave power by flexible elastic floaters. The model is based on the method of dry modes, coupled with a matched eigenfunction expansion. Our model results compare satisfactorily with preliminary data obtained from a demonstrator device, developed at the University of Groningen. We show that the role of elasticity is to increase the number of resonant frequencies with respect to a rigid body, which has a positive effect on wave power output. The mathematical model is then extended to irregular incident waves, described by a JONSWAP spectrum. Our results show that the peak capture factors decrease in irregular waves, as compared to the monochromatic case. However, the system becomes more efficient at non-resonant frequencies. This work highlights the need to scale-up experimental investigations on flexible wave energy converters, which are still a small minority, compared to those on rigid converters.
Geração Boom Bap: sampling e produção musical de rap em Belo Horizonte
Authors: Brasil Michel
Published: October 2022

A obra enfoca o cenário da música rap de Belo Horizonte e região, analisando os elementos envolvidos na produção desse gênero musical. O autor se aprofunda na atuação dos beatmakers locais da geração do começo dos anos 2000, responsáveis pela criação dos instrumentais usados pelos rappers, e nas ferramentas utilizadas para criar os beats, em especial a técnica de sampling. O objetivo é investigar de que maneira o uso de trechos de músicas já existentes (samples) funciona como uma referência estética e procedimental para os beatmakers da região.