bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
On the Influence of Powder Feed Structure on Wear Properties of HVOF Sprayed WC/Co Hardcoatings
Authors: Skandan G. , Jain M. , Fischer T.E. , Kear B.H. , Rigney W.R. , Shropshire R. , Brunhouse S.
Published: July 2021

This paper compares the wear properties of HVOF-sprayed WC/12Co hardcoatings produced from different powder feedstock materials, including conventional, nanophase, and mixed powders. The mixed or multimodal feed powder is designed to minimize the amount of material that goes through a high temperature cycle during spraying, thus potentially limiting the extent of decarburization in the resulting coating. As will be shown, decarburization is indeed minimal in a multimodal coating, which translates into exceptional resistance to abrasive and sliding wear. Another favorable factor is the ability to increase the volume fraction of hard WC phase in such a coating, thereby further enhancing its wear resistance.
Some Aspects of the Erosion and Corrosion Behavior of a WC-Co-Cr HVOF Sprayed Coating
Authors: Perry J.M. , Hodgkiess T. , Neville A.
Published: July 2021

This paper describes and discusses aspects of the erosion-corrosion behaviour of a WC-Co-Cr, HVOF sprayed coating when subjected to an impinging jet of an aqueous solution of 3.5% NaCl containing solid particles at 18°C. Although pure mechanical erosion has been found to contribute to a large part of material degradation, a considerable amount of material loss can be attributed to the direct and indirect (synergy) effect of corrosion. Aspects of the influence of time, solids loading and impingement angle have been investigated and the mechanisms of erosion-corrosion are discussed.
An Overview of Compressor Abradables
Authors: Schmid R.K. , Ghasripoor F. , Dorfman M. , Wei X.
Published: July 2021

Very many gap-sealing products are now available for use in the compressor section of gas turbines. This paper attempts to give an overview of these and where they are best used. Data is presented for abradability, erosion resistance and application technique. By explaining how abradables function tribologically it is hoped that selection will be simpler for designers. New products are introduced as well as the way forward described. It is shown how with time the diversity of application techniques has decreased with thermal spraying becoming the preferred technique, and that abradables are now available to run against titanium blading up to 600°C.
Cavitation Resistant Thermal Spray Coatings on Diesel Engine Parts
Authors: Borisov Y. , Bogush V.
Published: July 2021

This work is devoted to the study of peculiarities of thermal sprayed coatings behavior under conditions of cavitation, as well as the elaboration of compositions of cavitation-resistant coatings and technology for their application with the aim of engine cylinders sleeves protection from cavitation-erosion destruction. The methods of arc metallization, flame and plasma spraying were used for coatings deposition. Powders of metal alloys and oxides, mechanical mixtures of nickel alloys with carbides, wires and flux-cored wires were applied as materials for thermal spraying. Method of magneto-striction vibration was used to determine the coatings cavitation resistance. A correlation between a bond strength of coatings and the character of their cavitation destruction was established. The best results were obtained in the case of using stainless steel wires and flux-cored wires using. Resistance of coated diesel engines sleeves was increased 1.6 times in comparison with sleeves without coatings. Semi-automatic line for arc metallization of diesel sleeves with a production of 600,000 sleeves per year was designed, build up and put into operation.
On the Experimental Correlation Between Plasma Spray Process Conditions and Yttria Partially Stabilized Zirconia Coatings Properties
Authors: Scrivani A. , Bardi U. , Antolotti N. , Bertini S. , Groppetti R.
Published: July 2021

Thermal spray deposited Zirconium oxide (or Zirconia, ZrO2) is used in several industrial sectors for various purposes: as thermal barrier for turbine blades, as wear and corrosion resistant coating in industrial applications as well as biomedical applications. This paper reports the results of a study aimed at determining the relation between the plasma spray process conditions and the coating properties. A 24-1 fractional factorial Design of Experiments has been used and the coatings have been characterised in terms of chemical composition, crystal lattice structure and mechanical properties (morphology, porosity, roughness, hardness). Coatings with different characteristics have been obtained depending on the spray parameters combination. We found that it is possible to vary the spraying parameters in such a way to obtain dense, compact Yttria Partially Stabilised ZrO2 deposits which can be useful as wear and corrosion resistant coatings. In other conditions less dense and more porous layers can be obtained, useful for thermal barrier applications.
Optimization of the Characterization of Thermal Spray Coatings
Authors: Begon V. , Baudoin J. , Dugne O.
Published: July 2021

Thermal Barriers Coatings (TBC) are mass-produced in several industrial fields: aeronautic, automotive or energetic industries. All production requires the same constant level of fest and reproducible quality control at the lowest cost. The metallographic process is the primary way to evaluate thermally sprayed coatings but it must be both highly very repeatable and fast, especially when metallography is used to keep the production at a constant level. Therefore the management and the organization of a metallographic laboratory is of prime importance in order to reduce the cost and to provide a quality structure. The present approach to the whole chain of characterization is based on the user's point of view. Generally speaking, metallographic control of widely used parts often seems to be considered to be an uninteresting and obtuse subject, since it has been in practice for so long. Despite the lack of the prestige associated with the subject, optimization of an appraisal post can provide very concrete and more importantly profitable, results.
Thermal Effects on the Structure and Characteristics of Plasma Sprayed Self-Fluxing Alloys
Authors: Bertrand G. , Malavolta C. , Tourenne F. , Hansz B. , Coddet C. , Gourlaouen V.
Published: July 2021

In general, thermal spraying involves high temperatures that can be deleterious for the microstructure and deformation of the substrate. As a consequence, the use of a cooling system during spraying is often necessary. Meanwhile, in some cases, a too low surface temperature can induce a loss of properties, in particular concerning adherence and coating density. Therefore, it would be sometimes interesting to combine pre-heating and cooling stages with the plasma spray. A specific process, named HeatCool, was developed and patented to ensure a precise control of the temperature at the spraying location. The present work was focused on the study of the influence of pre-heating and cryogenic cooling conditions on the microstructure and mechanical characteristics of NiCrFeBSi self-fluxing alloy deposited by d.c. plasma spray technique. Firstly, a comparison between air and CO2 cooling was conducted to assess the efficiency corresponding to the specific use of cryogenic CO2. The main characteristics studied were the microhardness, roughness, porosity, mechanical deformations, morphology and crystallographic structures. Optimising the cooling methods and conditions combined with the process parameters improved microhardness of the plasma sprayed metal alloy and induced lower strain deformation of the substrate. Secondly, the pre-heating system was added to the device and the HeatCool process was evaluated. The process was demonstrated to be an efficient mean to enhance the structural and mechanical characteristics of coatings made of self-fluxing alloy.
THE IMPACT OF DUBAI'S WORLD GREEN ECONOMY SUMMIT ON CHINA'S NEW THINKING OF GREEN ECONOMY
Authors: Xie Chunyu
Published: July 2021

As the global epidemic continues to have an impact on the world economy and public health, the issue of climate change is still the core threat facing the world. The "2020 Global Risk Report" issued by the World Economic Forum (WEF) pointed out that the five major risks facing the world in the next 10 years are all related to the environment. A study on this pointed out: If governments adopt greener economic recovery plans, the world can reduce the temperature rise by 0.3°C by the middle of this century. In other words, accelerating green economic growth after the epidemic and promoting green transformation in all aspects have become the top issues facing countries. Some of the economic recovery plans proposed by Western Europe, South Korea, Canada and other countries may have a positive effect on the environment. Economic stimulus plans such as China, the United States, Australia, Italy, and Japan will invest most of the funds in non-green areas. Among them, the US economic stimulus plan may the negative environmental impact is the greatest. The Dubai's World Green Economy Summit held this year undoubtedly produced a revolutionary change in thinking for the largest developing country like China.
INFLUENCE OF LIGHT ABSORPTION PROFILE ON THE PERFORMANCE OF ORGANIC PHOTOVOLTAICS
Authors: Mohamed Abdul Halim Ikram , Inche Ibrahim Mohd Lukman
Published: July 2021

We investigate how an enhanced light absorption at a specific position inside the active layer affects the performance of organic photovoltaic cells (OPVs), namely the short-circuit current density ( ), the open-circuit voltage ( ), the fill factor (FF), and the power conversion efficiency (PCE). The performance is calculated using an updated version of a previously published analytical current-voltage model for OPVs, where the updated model allows the light absorption profile to be described by any functions provided that analytical solutions can be produced. We find that the light absorption profile affects the performance through the drift current. When the mobility imbalance is not very high (when the ratio of the mobility of the faster carrier type to the mobility of the slower carrier type is less than about ), the PCE is maximized when the light absorption is concentrated at the center of the active layer. When the mobility imbalance is very high (when the ratio of the mobility of the faster carrier type to the mobility of the slower carrier type is more than approximately ), the PCE is maximized when the light absorption is concentrated near the electrode collecting the slower carrier type. Therefore, it is important to ensure that the light absorption profile is properly tuned so that the performance of OPVs is maximized. Moreover, any efforts that we make to improve the performance should not lead to a light absorption profile that would actually impair the overall performance.
ABSTRAK: Kajian ini menilai bagaimana penyerapan cahaya yang tinggi pada bahagian tertentu lapisan aktif mempengaruhi prestasi sel fotovoltaik organik (OPV), iaitu ketumpatan arus litar pintas (Jsc), voltan litar terbuka (Voc), faktor pengisian (FF), dan kecekapan penukaran kuasa (PCE). Prestasi dikira mengguna pakai model terkini yang diperbaharui dari model asal analitikal OPV voltan-arus, di mana model ini membenarkan mana-mana profil penyerapan cahaya digunakan asalkan penyelesaian analitikal terhasil.  Dapatan kajian mendapati profil penyerapan cahaya mempengaruhi prestasi berdasarkan arus hanyut. Apabila ketidakseimbangan pergerakan caj tidak begitu tinggi (di mana nisbah pergerakan pembawa caj laju kepada perlahan adalah kurang daripada 103), PCE menjadi maksimum jika penyerapan cahaya bertumpu pada tengah lapisan aktif. Apabila ketidakseimbangan pergerakan caj sangat tinggi (di mana nisbah pergerakan pembawa caj laju kepada perlahan adalah lebih daripada 104), PCE menjadi maksimum jika penyerapan cahaya bertumpu pada elektrod yang mengutip pembawa caj perlahan. Oleh itu, kedudukan talaan profil penyerapan cahaya yang tepat adalah sangat penting bagi menentukan prestasi OPV dimaksimumkan. Tambahan, apa sahaja usaha penambahbaikan prestasi seharusnya tidak menyebabkan pengurangan keseluruhan prestasi profil penyerapan cahaya.
COVİD-19 PANDEMİ SÜRECİNDE EĞİTİM BİLİŞİM AĞI (EBA) ÜZERİNDEN GERÇEKLEŞTİRİLEN UZAKTAN EĞİTİM UYGULAMASINA İLİŞKİN İLKOKUL YÖNETİCİ VE ÖĞRETMENLERİNİN GÖRÜŞLERİ
Authors: CAN Erdem , GÜNBAYI İlhan
Published: July 2021

Toplumu meydana getiren bireylerin hızla gelişen çağın ihtiyaçları doğrultusunda nitelikli bir şekilde yetiştirilmesi sunulan eğitime bağlıdır. Tüm dünyayı saran Covid-19 salgının Türkiye’de de baş göstermesi üzerine okullarda yüz yüze eğitime ara verilmiştir. Ülkemizde yüz yüze eğitimden uzak kalan öğrencilerin eğitim gereksinimlerini karşılamak amacıyla uzaktan eğitim sürecine geçilmiştir. Uzaktan eğitimin, öğrenci ve öğretmeni eğitim sürecinde aksaklıklara meydan vermeden birleştirmesi ve süreçten uzaklaştırmaması gerekmektedir. Örgün eğitime ara verilmesi ve eğitimin tümü ile uzaktan eğitime dönüşmesi durumu eğitim sistemine yeni bir boyut kazandırmıştır. Bu nedenle Uzaktan Eğitim Uygulamalarının iyileştirilmesi ve etkin hale getirilmesi için daha fazla araştırma gerekmektedir. Bu araştırma ile EBA üzerinden gerçekleştirilen uzaktan eğitim sürecinin yönetici ve öğretmen görüşleri ile değerlendirilmesi hedeflenmiştir. Araştırmada nitel araştırma etiğine uygun bir şekilde hazırlanmış görüşme formları kullanılarak katılımcıların senkron uzaktan eğitime dair görüşleri alınmış, daha sonra görüşme formları üzerinden fenemoloji yaklaşım ile cevaplar analiz edilmiştir. Araştırma 2020-2021 öğretim yılında Antalya Kemer İlçesinde bulunan İlkokullarda gerçekleşmiştir. Uzaktan eğitim sürecinin olumlu ve olumsuz yönleri yönetici ve öğretmenlerin görüşleri ile ortaya konulmuş olup sürecin eğitimde veli iletişimini arttırdığı görüşü tespit edilmiştir. Bu çalışmanın ortaya koyduğu sonuçlara göre tüm öğrencilerin uzaktan eğitim sürecine dâhil olamaması ve sistemin başlarda gerekli altyapıya sahip olmaması sorunların başında gelmektedir. Eğitimde fırsat eşitliği sağlanması için bütün öğrencilere EBA erişiminin sağlanması gerektiği, eğitimcilerin daha fazla hizmet içi eğitimlere alınması gerektiği vurgulanmıştır. Katılımcıların görüşleri göz önünde bulundurularak uzaktan eğitim sisteminde gerekli alt yapının oluşturulması ve fırsat eşitliğinin sağlanmasıyla eğitim sürecinin okul ve öğrenci başarısını arttıracağı, eğitim gereksinimini karşılayacağı kanısına varılmıştır.
DETERMINATION OF CRITICAL DOSES OF RADIATION DAMAGE TO ALN CERAMIC UNDER IRRADIATION OF HELIUM AND HYDROGEN IONS
Authors:   1 Institute of Nuclear Physics of the Republic of Kazakhstan, Almaty, Kazakhstan 2 Kh. Dosmukhamedov Atyray University, Atyrau, Kazakhstan, Kozlovskiy A.L.
Published: July 2021

The work is devoted to the study of the radiation damage kinetics to heat-conducting, insulating and mechanical properties in polycrystalline ceramics based on aluminum nitride under irradiation of helium and hydrogen ions, as well as the determination of critical doses that cause maximum irreversible consequences. The choice of ions for irradiation is due to the ability to simulate the radiation damage processes during the accumulation of helium and hydrogen ions in the structure of the near-surface layer with the subsequent formation of gas-filled bubbles. During the studies carried out, it was found that at doses of irradiation with helium ions above 1х1017 ion/cm2 , there is a sharp deterioration in thermal conductivity and a decrease in ceramic resistance, which is associated with the onset of the formation of helium bubbles and partial embrittlement of the near-surface layer. However, an increase in the radiation dose above 5x1017 ion/cm2 does not lead to significant changes in thermal conductivity and insulation characteristics, which indicates the effect of radiation damage accumulation and a decrease in the ceramic degradation rate. In contrast to irradiation with helium ions, irradiation with hydrogen ions to doses higher than 1- 3х1017 ion/cm2 does not lead to significant changes in the thermal insulation characteristics, which indicates the ceramic resistance to hydrogen absorption processes.
ENERGY EFFICIENCY AS AN ECONOMIC POTENTIAL DEVELOPMENT OF THE COUNTRY
Authors: Yaroslav KVACH , Nataliia KUZMYNCHUK , Tetiana KUTSENKO
Published: July 2021

Background. The energy sector in the structure of the domestic economy remains one of the most vulnerable sectors of the domestic economy. Therefore, solving the problem of reducing energy intensity and energy efficiency of the domestic economy will solve the problem of economic growth of the domestic economy in a global recession due to the effects of the coronavirus pandemic and restrictive measures, which significantly reduced national production. Analysis of recent research and publications. Despite a wide range of research on energy conservation and energy efficiency, most of them are limited to general recom­mendations for sustainable development of the national economy. The aim of this article is to develop the theoretical foundations of energy efficiency as a factor in increasing the financial potential and intensification of economic development of the domestic economy in terms of the need to overcome the effects of the global economic recession. The aim of the paper is to develop theoretical foundations of energy efficiency as a factor of increasing the financial potential and intensification of economic development of the domestic economy while there is the need to overcome the effects of the global economic recession. Materials and methods. The information base of the study were scientific public­cations of foreign and domestic scientists in the field of research on the development of the electricity market, areas of energy efficiency. The research was conducted using such general scientific methods as: generalization and comparison; deductive and inductive analysis; method of statistical analysis to identify and summarize trends in the electricity market, the choice of areas of energy efficiency and the development of energy saving measures. Results. The article presents the results of a study of energy efficiency and energy saving as a basis for economic growth of the domestic economy in terms of overcoming the effects of the global economic crisis. The reasons for the high energy intensity of GDP, which poses a threat to the country’s national security, in particular in the energy sector, have been identified. Conclusion. The necessity of transformation of the electricity market on the prin­ciples of market pricing, energy efficient and energy efficient use and consumption of energy resources, implementation of energy efficiency programs and use of renewable energy sources is proved. Prospects for further research are the development and implementation of modern tools for implementing energy efficient and energy efficient use and consumption of energy resources.
ECONOMIC INTEREST OF AN ENTERPRISE IN ECONOMIC SECURITY CONCEPT
Authors: Olena BOGMA , Hanna SILAKOVA
Published: July 2021

Background. Ensuring the necessary and sufficient level of economic security is one of the most important issues for any enterprise. The conceptual bases of the theory of eco­nomic safety of the enterprise defines the strategy, tactics and mechanism of its maintenance, so it is very important to understand the essence of "economic interest" concept. The aim of the article is to clarify the content of the "economic interest of the enter­prise" concept and systematize the main essential characteristics of the definition. Materials and мethods. The questions of theoretical substantiation of the research object are based on general and special methods of cognition such as historical, abstract-logical and comparative. Methods of analysis and synthesis, analogies, system approach are used as a concept to determine the essential characteristics of the definition of"eco­nomic interest of the enterprise". Method of theoretical generalization and formulation of deductions have been used to draw conclusions. Results. Studies of the terminological principles of determining the economic inte­rest of the enterprise have established a large number of scientists’ opinions on the content of this concept. They are grouped into five main approaches – the appropriate goal; certain material (non-material) good; the need or system of needs of the entity; expression of rela­tions between the respective subjects; motivation and stimulus of the subject. Therefore, it is proposed to consider the economic interests of the enterprise, based on the awareness of their carriers of their own economic needs. The study clarified the main essential cha­racteristics of "economic interest of the enterprise" the concept, which includes the fact that economic interests are a form of manifestation of economic needs; personalized and sub­jec­tive nature of economic interests; focus on obtaining various benefits; awareness of the impact of media on the economic system and economic processes; dual nature of economic interests. Conclusion. We clarified the definition of economic interests of the enterprise. It is proposed to consider the concept as the perceived needs of their carriers, which can be met through economic activities and encourage them to influence directly or indirectly the com­ponents of the domestic economic system in order to obtain certain benefits.
DIAGNOSTICS OF MATHEMATICAL PROOF OF THE BEAL CONJECTURE IN MEDICAL PSYCHOLOGY (REMAKE OF PREVIOUS AUTHOR’S ARTICLES CONCERNING FERMAT’S LAST THEOREM)
Authors: Ivliev Y.
Published: July 2021

In the given work diagnostics of mathematical proof of the Beal Conjecture (Generalized Fermat’s Last Theorem) obtained in the earlier author’s works was conducted and truthfulness of the suggested proof was established. Realizing the process of the Bill Conjecture solution, the mathematical structure defining hypothetical equality of the Fermat theorem was determined. Such a structure turned to be one of Pythagorean theorem with whole numbers. With help of Euclid’s geometrical theorem and Fermat’s method of infinite descent one can manage to set that Pythagorean equation in whole numbers representing Fermat’s Last Theorem cannot exist and then the Fermat theorem is true, that is Fermat’s equality in natural numbers does not exist. Thus mental scheme of “demonstratio mirabile”, which Pierre de Fermat mentioned on the margins of Diophantus’s “Arithmetic”, was reconstructed.
SETTING GOALS AND DEVELOPING AN EFFECTIVE CONDUCT STRATEGY OF ART HIGHER EDUCATION INSTITUTIONS IN UKRAINE
Authors: Martynyshyn Ya. , Feicher O.
Published: July 2021

The article actualizes scientific issues related to the development of effective goal-setting activities of art higher education institutions in Ukraine, which are aimed at ensuring sustainable development of art higher education and it will contribute to the development of the domestic economy in the international dimension. The priority directions of development of the system of art higher education with the subsequent formation of alternative management decisions on their successful realization are singled out. It has been noted the key role of innovative support of the organizational and economic mechanism of management of higher education institutions with art profile and bringing them in line with the progressive challenges and bold demands of modern markets of educational services and human capital. The applied significance of the article is to present management cases from European educational practice with the possibility of its approbation in the domestic system of higher art education. This will contribute to a more efficient and sound development of appropriate areas for improving organizational structures and processes, as well as appropriate subsystems of functional support of the mechanism of management of the higher education system in Ukraine.
RESEARCHING THE POSSIBILITY OF MAGNETIC ENRICHMENT OF TITANIUM-MAGNETIC ORE OF THE TEBINBULAK DEPOSIT
Authors: Alikulov Sh. , Azimov O. , Azizov L. , Dzhalilova G.
Published: July 2021

The purpose of this research is to study the material composition of the Tebinbulak ore and to develop a technology for extracting iron, vanadium and titanium. Titanomagnetites are a type of ore raw material with a complex composition, containing iron oxides, titanium dioxide and vanadium pentoxide. The technology for processing titanomagnetite ores differs from the technology for beneficiation of iron ores in that during the processing it is necessary to separate vanadium and titanium oxides from iron oxides.
THE MICROANATOMICAL MORPHOLOGY OF THE GLANDS IN THE URINARY BLADDER OF THE RATS AFTER EXPOSURE TO SULFIDE FACTORS
Authors: Huseynova G.
Published: July 2021

The histological methods had been studied the microanatomy peculiarities of the glands on the rats urinary bladder. Experimentally-morphological work carried out on 20 (10 rats – experiment, 10 – control) genitally mature rats-males 3-4 monthly ages, weight of a body to the experiment 180-200 gr. Histological cuts in the thickness 5-7 microns painted by hematoksilin-eozin, on Van Gizon, azur-2-eozin. After influence of the strong sulphidic procedures is observed the “morphological regression” of glands of rat’s urinary bladder, that is very much guards, considering prevalence of these procedures in practice of curortology. Course action of strong sulphidic baths of the rats leads to reduction of a thickness and the areas of alveolus, initial parts, quantity of alveolus, as well as the expansion and deformation of the excretory ducts.
DIFFERENCES IN TRANSSEXUAL AND HOMOSEXUAL TENDENCIES IN SCHIZOPHRENIA AND INTELLECTUAL DISABILITIES
Authors: Avilov A. , Bizyuk A.
Published: July 2021

Within the framework of the study of gender-role deviations in mental illness, conducted by the authors, an analysis of differences in sexual behavior and gender identity in such forms of pathology as schizophrenia and intellectual disability (MR - mental retardation) is presented. The article presents the results of the study of gender identity disorders (GID) in men with schizophrenia and men with ID, presents pathopsychological examples of GID. The study is based on the assumption that both in schizophrenia and in mental retardation, the pathogenesis of transsexualism inherent in these mental disorders is due to the violation of semi-dymorphic brain structures, which qualitatively change the nature of sexual behavior and gender identity. However, the phenomenology of these disorders will depend on the nature and specifics of the pathology, which determines its pathopsychological picture. Based on the analysis of the current state of the problem and the data of our own research, it was found that the disorder of sexual behavior and gender identity in schizophrenia has the form of typical schizophrenic patterns that take the form of metaphysical interpretation, pretentiousness, delusional ideas, etc., that do not contain proper sexual erotic component and is not implemented by the behavior inherent in persons of the opposite sex. This does not allow us to speak about the true transsexual tendencies in schizophrenia and true GID. There are grounds to regard the features of GID in schizophrenia as a separate clinical and psychological phenomenon caused by the influence of the general schizophrenic process. With MR, the key factor of which is retardation, there is a psychologically expressed homosexuality and true transsexual tendencies, accompanied by corresponding inner experiences. The article is important for the pathopsychological differential diagnosis of transsexualism from other mental disorders occurring with EPI, and may contribute to expanding views on the origin of transsexualism.
ANALYTICAL MODEL OF PACKET TRANSMISSION OF SPEECH AND DATA IN HF RADIO CHANNELS IN A COMPLEX SIGNAL-INTERFERENCE ENVIRONMENT
Authors: Markelov N.
Published: July 2021

The author has carried out an analytical simulation of the process of signal formation and processing in the HF channel during packet transmission of speech and data in a complex signal-interference environment. The totality of the result obtained can be the basis for the development of complex mathematical models of HF channels.
THEORETICAL AND LEGAL ASPECT OF THE FORMATION OF THE INSTITUTE OF ACCESSORY OBLIGATIONS.
Authors: Truhan R. , Nadtochij S
Published: July 2021

The subject of the article is the study of the theoretical and legal aspect of the development of the institution of accessory obligations. The genesis of the category of "accessory" in Roman law is considered, where the formula of the ancients is derived: the validity of the accessory legal relationship is predetermined by the reality of the basic legal relationship, and was quite simple and concise, there is no basic obligation - no additional one. The evolution of "accessory" in domestic civil law is revealed, which consists in the following: in pre-revolutionary civil law, the theory of security deviated from accessory for the sake of convenience for the circulation of security obligations; in the Soviet period, the identification of the terms "security" and "accessory" obligation took root in the scientific circulation; and at the present stage of development of the theory of accessory in Russian civil law, the concept of "accessory" is identified with a security obligation.The author comes to the conclusion about the multidimensionality of the category of "accessory", which consists in the fact that in the course of the development of law, the understanding of accessory obligations has undergone significant changes, going from the perception of accessory as a kind of obligation that ensures the return of debt and the transfer of "belonging" to the goods sold, to its identification with security obligations in general. Gradually, in the legal doctrine, the opinion was fixed that different types of obligations have the property of accessory, and each of them has its own characteristic features and has its own specifics. According to the authors of the article, the further development of the civilistic doctrine of the accessory of obligations will contribute to the final consolidation of the definition of "accessory" within the framework of Russian civil law.
Pomniejszenie podstawy wymiaru emerytury powszechnej kobiet urodzonych w latach 1949-1952 pobierających emeryturę wcześniejszą
Authors: Siermińska-Warczak Celina
Published: July 2021

W dniu 01.01.2013 r. wszedł w życie przepis art. 25 ust. 1b ustawy o emeryturach i rentach z Funduszu Ubezpieczeń Społecznych. Przepis ten przewiduje obniżenie wymiaru emerytury przyznawanej po osiągnięciu wymaganego wieku emerytalnego o sumę kwot pobranych przez ubezpieczonego wcześniejszych emerytur. Niniejszy artykuł ukazuje problem w stosowaniu powyższych regulacji wobec kobiet urodzonych w latach 1949-1952, które pobierały wcześniejsze emerytury i prawo do emerytury w wieku powszechnym nabyły przed 01.01.2013 r., lecz wniosek o ustalenie prawa do emerytury złożyły po tej dacie. W artykule dokonano analizy dotychczasowego orzecznictwa Sądu Najwyższego i Trybunału Konstytucyjnego w tej materii, jak również poddano przedmiotowe regulacje ocenie pod kątem zgodności z postanowieniami Europejskiej Konwencji o Ochronie Praw Człowieka i Podstawowych Wolności.
Przestępstwo manipulacji instrumentem finansowym (manipulacji na rynku) w perspektywie reguł prawa karnego międzyczasowego
Authors: Pawelec Szymon
Published: July 2021

Art. 183 ust. 1 ustawy o obrocie instrumentami finansowymi nie określa znamion strony przedmiotowej przestępstwa manipulacji. Formułuje jedynie normę sankcjonującą. Rekonstrukcja normy sankcjonowanej wymaga wykładni szerokiego zbioru przepisów administracyjnych. Jednocześnie zarówno przepis centralny, jak i przepisy uzupełniające na przestrzeni ostatnich lat ulegały zmianom. Celem artykułu jest próba odtworzenia najkorzystniejszego – z punktu widzenia reguły intertemporalnej z art. 4 § 1 k.k – układu przepisów składających się na normę kryminalizującą manipulację. Autor, analizując poziom określoności normy karnej, wskazuje na zasadnicze trudności jej rekonstrukcji tak w stanie aktualnym, jak i w stanach przeszłych. Ponadto przedstawia argumenty na to, że w okresie od 3 lipca 2016 roku a 6 maja 2017 roku w polskim systemie prawnym nastąpiła całkowita depenalizacja manipulacji instrumentem finansowym.
Sortir du « quoi qu’il en coûte » : quelles réformes structurelles ?
Authors: Bouvier Michel
Published: July 2021

La crise de la Covid-19 est la cause d’une crise économique et sociale déjà grave. Elle pourrait entraîner à terme une crise majeure des finances publiques et mettre en péril toutes les institutions qui reposent sur elles et au premier chef l’État. Un tel risque n’est pas à prendre à la légère. Il nous faut dès à présent nous attacher à répondre à la situation plus que difficile qui sera celle de l’après-crise.
Le Royaume-Uni face à la crise financière : une originalité ?
Authors: Guigue Alexandre
Published: July 2021

En réponse à la pandémie de Covid-19, le gouvernement britannique a pu s’appuyer sur un système budgétaire original caractérisé par une grande souplesse (un calendrier budgétaire adaptable, le recours au Fonds d’urgence et à une autorisation de découvert auprès de la Banque d’Angleterre, une coopération étroite avec les autorités dévolues). Mais les mesures financières mises en place pour limiter les effets de la crise sont globalement comparables à ce que l’on observe dans les autres pays (augmentation du financement des services de santé, aides directes et indirectes aux travailleurs et aux entreprises, exonérations et reports fiscaux).
France Relance : point d’étape, neuf mois après son lancement
Authors: Canivenc Cyprien
Published: July 2021

Le plan de relance, annoncé en septembre en 2020, devrait connaître une nette montée en puissance en 2021, dans un contexte bouleversé par la persistance des mesures d’urgence. D’importants décaissements seraient également à prévoir en 2022, de l’ordre de 27 Md€ selon nos estimations. L’exécution de France Relance ralentirait ensuite progressivement pour prendre fin en 2025. Pour assurer sa mise en oeuvre dans le temps long, la gouvernance et les modalités de pilotage du plan pourraient être appelées à évoluer d’ici là.
Understanding Hamlet's Delay Through Munir's Words: Comparative Analysis of 'To be, or not to be: that is the Question', and Munir Niazi's Poem: 'Hamaisha Dair Kar Dayta Hoon'
Authors: Mahnoor  , Abid Muhammad Amjad , Nadeem Mubashar
Published: July 2021

This article explores to understand Hamlet's delay through similarities of action by analyzing Hamlet's soliloquy: To be, or not to be: that is the question: and Munir Niazi's poem 'Hamaisha Dair Kar Dayta Hoon'. The qualitative study unfolds Hamlet, a visualized character, and Munir Niazi, Urdu and Punjabi poet, as two intellectually active personalities having an intensity of feelings coupled with action found in both the literary pieces, which ultimately shed light on their philanthropic and humanitarian nature as individuals. The study also exposes that both the personalities have a synonymous characteristic; action manifested through inaction found in the soliloquy: 'To be or not to be is the question of life...' and 'Hamaisha Dair Kar Dayta Hoon', by revealing that both are though philosophical but full of worries about benighted future if action taken goes wrong and both the utterances predict a commitment to action, but that is to be taken honourably.
Administrative Issues and Reforms in the Bureaucracy of Pakistan: An Analytical Study
Authors: Safdar Muhammad
Published: July 2021

This article highlights the nature of governance in bureaucracy in Pakistan during various regimes. The bureaucracy involved itself in politics and ignored the golden sayings of Quaid-i-Azam, which led it to face various sociopolitical and administrative issues and problems. Bureaucrats sense of primacy resulted in the politicization of bureaucracy. This intervention, as a result, led to decay, arbitrary decision-making, corruption, kickback culture and lack of accountability, etc. This study attempts to present various issues and problems faced by the bureaucracy of Pakistan and suggests reforms to minimize them so that the cherished goal of a developed Pakistan in the 21st century may be achieving.
Attitude of Prospective Teachers towards Research: A Survey Study of Different IER Programs
Authors: Ch. Saghir Ahmad , Batool Ayesha , Dilshad Sayida Asma
Published: July 2021

One of the essential variables in deciding our success in life is our attitude. The main purpose of the study was to investigate the attitude of male and female prospective teachers of different programs of Institution of Education and Research towards research. This study was quantitative and survey type in nature. The sample consisted of two hundred and forty students. A questionnaire "Attitude towards research" based on the Likert scale was administered for data collection. For data analysis, descriptive and inferential statistics applied. It was observed that most prospective teachers agreed that research makes them uneasy, and they feel insecure. It is also revealed that prospective teachers agreed that they enjoyed research. A new way of teaching research methodology may be adopted, which would increase the motivational level and lessen the negative attitude of the prospective teachers towards research.
Stress among Resident Doctors Working in Different Hospitals of Nepal in the Face of COVID-19 Pandemic: A Descriptive Cross-sectional Study
Authors: Adhikari Gauri , Poudel Leela , Pokhrel Bidushi , Bhandari Ganesh , Shrestha Kshitij Kumar
Published: July 2021

Introduction: The emergence and propagation of COVID-19 pandemic has subjected resident doctors to greater workload and consequent psychological implications. Many studies have illustrated various degrees of mental health issues among health care workers in general; however very limited ones have focused primarily on the resident doctors. Therefore, this study aimed to find out the prevalence of stress among the resident doctors of Nepal.
Methods: A descriptive cross-sectional study was carried out in all the teaching hospitals of Nepal with ethical clearance from the Institutional Review Committee (Reference number-245). An online self-designed structured questionnaire developed using Google forms along with questions from stress subscale of Depression, Anxiety and Stress Scale - 21 was disseminated to the residents via social media platforms using Convenience sampling technique. Responses generated were analyzed with Statistical Package for the Social Sciences.Point estimate at 95% Confidence Interval was calculated along with frequency and proportion for binary data.
Results: The prevalence of stress among resident doctors was found to be 16 (8.2%) (4.3-12.1 at 95% Confidence Interval). Greater prevalence of stress was seen among residents working outside Kathmandu valley, those in the frontline and those who were unmarried. Loss of collaborative study/ professional and academic growth experiences was responsible for causing extremely severe stress among 60 (30.9%) residents, followed by stress due to uncertainty regarding COVID-19 58 (29.9%) and unavailability/lack of quality control of personal protective equipment 58 (29.9%).
Conclusions: This study has shed light upon the prevalence of stress and its precipitating factors in Nepalese resident doctors due to COVID-19 pandemic. Our findings could help address these issues for their mitigation promptly.
Type I Lip Pattern in at Least One Quadrant among First and Second-year Medical and Dental Students of a Medical College: A Descriptive Cross-sectional Study
Authors: Makaju Sarbada , Chaudhary Sonam , Rai Chandra Kala
Published: July 2021

Introduction: The upper and lower lip consists of the numerous amounts of fine grooves. This pattern of grooves will be definite throughout the lifetime. The groove of the lip shows variations and play important role in forensic medicine and crime investigation. The objective of this study is to find out the prevalence of type I lip print in at least one lip quadrant among first- and second- year medical and dental students of a medical college.
Methods: The study was conducted on 240 students of a medical college between November 2020- January 2021 after getting the ethical clearance from the Institutional Review Committee (reference no. KMC-IRC 0311202006). The convenient sampling was done. The patterns of the grooves of the lip were studied. The data was analysed with Statistical Package for the Social Sciences 20 version. Point estimate at 95% Confidence Interval was calculated along with frequency and percentage for binary data.
Results: Out of 240 students, type I lip pattern was seen in at least one quadrant in 190 (79.6%) (73.38-84.94 at 95% CI) students. One hundred and fifty-nine (66.3%) had type I pattern in the right upper quadrant, 160 (66.7%) in left upper quadrant, 181 (75.4%) in right lower quadrant, and 177 (73.8%) in left lower quadrant. Type Ia was maximum found in 115 (47.9%) and type Ib in 66 (27.5%) in lower left quadrant of lip.
Conclusions: Our findings showed a higher prevalence of type I lip pattern than those reported by other national studies done among medical students.
A Paraurethral Vaginal Mass in Rural Setting: A Case Report
Authors: Thapa Niresh , Basnyat Subi , Roka Dilsahi
Published: July 2021

Paraurethral vaginal leiomyoma is the infrequent case to be described. Approximately 300 cases have been described so far. Imaging modalities aid in identifying the morphological, structural characteristics of the mass and its relationship to the surrounding structures. Thirty-six years old married women presented with a vulvar mass of (3x5) cm2. Her associated complaints were left shift of the urinary stream and dyspareunia. Ultrasonography and cystography revealed a mass with no relationship with bladder or uterine structure. Surgical excision was performed. The histopathological report confirmed the diagnosis of paraurethral vaginal leiomyoma. Surgical excision is the treatment of choice and diagnosis is confirmed by histopathological examination.
Adaptation to Emergency Online Education: A Case of Oral Communication Skills Course in ELT
Authors: ÖZIŞIK Belkıs Zeynep
Published: July 2021

The significant growth of the cases all around the world caused by the Covid-19 pandemic necessitated the intermittent closures in higher education in March, 2020 in Turkey. Yozgat Bozok University started online education synchronously and asynchronously via Google Meet and Google Classroom. This paper aims to present ELT students’ online experience in carrying out Oral Communication Skills course adapted to distance learning. Secondly, by conducting qualitative research methods, it presents students’ standpoints concerning the problems they faced with an unplanned and unprepared online education. The researcher
sent reflective writing questions to students and then arranged online interviews. Qualitative data were analyzed by NVivo 12 and learner-reported data bring fruitful insights on students’ attitudes towards Google Meet and Google Classroom. It is founded that these applications increase students’ interaction and help them promote communication skills. However, poor internet connection and lack of internet access are noted by all the participants as a basic problem for online education. The present study drawing on current distance learning literature suggests instructors to design student-centred online environment to foster student participation.
Effect of low-level laser irradiation on the bisphenol a-induced free radical processes
Authors: Borschovetska Vira , Rubanets Mariia
Published: July 2021

One of these novel application areas is LLLT for drug-induced liver injury. LLLI employs visible (generally red) or near-infrared light generated from a laser or light-emitting diode (LED) system. The light is typical of narrow spectral width between 600-1000 nm. Despite significant research efforts around the effects and molecular mechanisms of LLLT in various cells or tissues, the appropriate doses of radiation, energy densities, time, and irradiation conditions as well as the appropriate individual settings in the various laser devices, which will predictably lead to optimal therapeutic effects, have not been clarified yet. In the present study, the effect of low-level laser irradiation on oxidative stress parameters in rats under the conditions of BPA administration was investigated. Toxic liver injury induced by bisphenol A (BPA) administration at 50 mg/kg body wt by gavage for 3 days once a day. Low-level laser irradiation was performed after each administration of xenobiotic. A laser diode (50 mW) with 650 nm continuous wavelength was applied to the skin surface at the anatomical site of the liver. The administration of BPA leads to the evaluated of free radical generation and decrease in SOD, CAT and GPx activities in the liver of bisphenol A-exposed animals. The enhanced processes of the generation of superoxide radicals and nitric oxide and exhausting level of antioxidant enzymes under the conditions of BPA administration leads to the increased oxidative damage of lipid and protein in subcellular fraction. The low-level laser irradiation of BPA-treated animals leads to the increase of enzymatic activity of antioxidant defences system, a decrease of free-radical production and oxidative protein and lipid damage in microsome and cytosol.
The influence of low-frequency laser emission on phyto- and zooplankton productivity properties
Authors: Khuda Lidiia , Cheban Larysa , Khudyi Oleksii
Published: July 2021

We studied the possibility of using low frequency laser emission to improve production properties of feed hydrobionts, in particular microalgae Desmodesmus armatus and Daphnia magna, which are highly applied in aquaculture. It was shown that low-frequency laser emission with the wavelength 650 nm has a positive influence on production properties of both phyto- and zooplankton. In 24 hours the biomass of irradiated D. armatus was 25% larger than non-irradiated one. Meanwhile, application λ 420 and 530 nm did not show credible accumulation of microalgae biomass. If it comes to daphnia, positive dynamic in population density enlarging was observed only since 5-7th day of cultivation, depending on emission exposition. Differences in low-frequency laser emission with λ 420 and 530 efficacy on D. magna production properties were observed while using different exposition. Thus, maximal culture density was observed when λ 420 nm for 90 s and λ 650 nm for 60 s were applied. Longer irradiation with red laser did not have positive effect. It was established that in daphnia tissues, which were influenced by λ 420 nm laser emission, TBA-active products were accumulating more. Meanwhile, for daphnias, which were irradiated with red laser, TBA amount was not different from the control group one. Catalase activity increased while applying λ 650 nm laser emission. On the other hand, λ 420 nm did not cause credible increasing of catalase activity in comparison with control group. Taking received results about photobiological effects of low-frequency laser emission on D. armatus and D. magna into consideration, both biomasses enlargement during co-cultivation can be obtained if wavelength 650 nm is used.