bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Clinical and Visual Outcomes of Transepithelial Photorefractive Keratectomy After Myopic Correction in A Private Clinic in Benghazi Using Schwind Amaris
Authors: Mostafa El Awami  , Hamad Elzarrug
Published: December 2024

This study aimed to assess the results of correcting myopia with transepithelial photorefractive keratectomy (TransPRK) performed using the Schwind Amaris Machine. A total of 44 eyes have been included in this prospective study. The preoperative sphere was between (-1.25 and -8.00 DS), while the preoperative cylinder dioptres varied from (-0.75 to -5.00 DC). Before surgery and three months later, measurements were conducted to evaluate uncorrected (UDVA) and corrected (CDVA) distance visual acuity. The study focused on both clinical and visual outcomes. Following Three months after TransPRK, the included eyes had an uncorrected distance visual acuity better than or the same as preoperative CDVA; no patient showed loss of two lines; 31.8% (14 eyes) maintained the same level; 54.5% (24 eyes) improved by one line; 11.3% (five eyes) improved by two lines; and the remaining 2.2% (one eye) had a decrease of one line. The slit lamp exam post-operatively shows complete epithelial healing within five days, but only 4.35% (one candidate) show grade 1 central haze. TransPRK is a reliable and effective option for managing myopia safely.
ÇOCUKLARDA İNTERNET BAĞIMLILIĞINDA EBEVEYN İNTERNET BAĞIMLILIĞININ ETKİSİ ÜZERİNE BİR ARAŞTIRMA
Authors: Eti Serkan , Tepe Tayyar , Ateş Osman
Published: December 2024

Günümüzde internetin yayınlaşması ve ulaşılabilir yaşın düşmesi ile kullanım sıklığı artmaya başlamıştır. Çocukların zamanı yönetme becerilerinin anne babalarından daha düşük seviyede olması nedeniyle bu konuda onlara rehberlik edecek anne babalara büyük sorumluluklar düşmektedir. Bu bağlamda çocuklardaki internet bağımlılık düzeylerinde anne ve babaların etkisinin incelenmesi önem kazanmaktadır. Bu amaç doğrultusunda yapılan anket çalışması ile veriler toplanmış ve hiyerarşik regresyon yöntemi ile analiz edilmiştir. Analiz sonucunda, demografik yapıların yanı sıra annenin internet bağımlılık düzeyinin çocuktaki internet bağımlılığı düzeyi üzerinde etkili olduğu sonucuna varılmıştır. Ayıca, annenin çocuk üzerindeki bu etkisinin cinsiyete ve anne babanın eğitim düzeyine göre farklılık göstermediği ılımlaştırıcı analiz ile görülmüştür.
EVALUATION OF THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN ELDERLY PEOPLE’S FEAR OF CORONAVIRUS AND THEIR QUALITY OF LIFE FROM A SOCIAL WORK PERSPECTIVE
Authors: Ağırcan Beyza , Çakın Ecem , Güner Hilal , Doğan Özge Nur
Published: December 2024

In 2019, the World Health Organization declared the outbreak of the coronavirus a pandemic, leading to global preventive measures. These measures significantly changed people's lives, and the fear of coronavirus affected their quality of life. It was hypothesized that there might be a relationship between the quality of life and the fear of coronavirus, particularly among disadvantaged groups. This study investigates the relationship between the fear of coronavirus and the quality of life of elderly individuals. The study utilized the Quality of Life Scale, the Coronavirus Fear Scale, and a socio-demographic data form for elderly individuals. Interviews were conducted with 409 people, and after excluding invalid and incomplete responses, data from 386 individuals were analyzed. The data were analyzed using IBM SPSS Statistics 25 software, employing frequency, factor, reliability analyses, and testing hypotheses with correlation and multiple regression analyses. The findings are detailed in the results section and discussed in light of the existing literature. According to the findings, there is a significant negative relationship between the fear of coronavirus and quality of life. As the participants' fear of coronavirus increased, their quality of life decreased. There was no significant relationship between the fear of coronavirus and factors such as gender, institutional care services for the elderly, and income status. The study concluded that the quality of life of the elderly negatively impacts their fear of coronavirus.
To increase social interactions that have decreased due to the pandemic, online activities, hobby groups, and virtual communities should be encouraged. These approaches are believed to help reduce social isolation among elderly individuals. The quality of institutional care services should be improved, and the role of these services in reducing the fear of coronavirus among elderly individuals should be considered. These campaigns can help better understand and meet the needs of elderly individuals. The use of mixed research methods is believed to contribute to a deeper understanding of the fears and anxieties related to the coronavirus among elderly individuals.
SOCIAL WORK PRACTICE WITH A CHILD WITH DIABETES: A CASE STUDY
Authors: Demirel Aykut Can
Published: December 2024

Diabetes is a chronic metabolic disease that affects individuals' physical health as well as their psychosocial well-being. Diabetes can occur at any age, including childhood. As with many chronic diseases, combating the effects of diabetes in children requires collaboration among many disciplines. Social work is one such discipline. Although the history of social work in the medical field, especially in chronic diseases, is old, studies of diabetes are limited. However, with the increase in diabetes cases globally and in Türkiye in recent years, the need for social work practice evidence on this subject is increasing. In this context, an example of social work intervention for a fictional case of a child with diabetes is analyzed in this article. The intervention was conducted according to the stages of the planned change model for social work. The ecological model, empowerment approach, and cognitive-behavioral approach were used together in the evaluation and intervention processes. Although various roles were adopted in the case, it can be said that resource connection, empowering, and educational roles came to the fore more. In addition, communication skills, problem-solving skills, teamwork, collaboration and coordination, and multitasking skills were effectively used in this case. In terms of application levels, studies were conducted with child with diabetes and his family at the micro level and interventions were conducted at the mezzo level in the school system.
Evaluating translanguaging in a Chinese senior high school EFL classroom: Insights from an immersed English teaching context
Authors: Pan Wenjing
Published: December 2024

Some Chinese primary and secondary schools are adopting immersed teaching in EFL classrooms, seeking to learn English like native speakers, believing that an immersed English environment can promote learners’ target language learning. However, they ignore the special role of translanguaging practice, which helps express meaning more clearly, build intercultural identities, and maximize learners’ bilingual/multilingual ability. In this paper, the author takes her own former English class as an example, recalls and records five reflective blogs, and analyzes the feasibility of translanguaging in this context. It is found that while translanguaging has certain benefits, it also has some drawbacks, such as inhibiting the formation of authentic L2 context. A few insights are briefly proposed from three angles: Policymakers cannot ignore the benefits of translanguaging and should advocate it, educators should act as multilingual role models and co-learners; learners should use their linguistic repertoire critically to develop their social and intercultural awareness.
Does Infficiency Fiscal and Human Capital Affect on Poverty in Aceh Province, Indonesia? A Threshold Apporach
Authors:   Faculty of Economics and Business, Universitas Syiah Kuala, Masrizal Masrizal , Zulham T. ,   Faculty of Economics and Business, Universitas Syiah Kuala, Aliasuddin Aliasuddin ,   Faculty of Economics and Business, Universitas Syiah Kuala, Dawood Taufiq C. ,   Faculty of Economics and Business, Universitas Syiah Kuala
Published: December 2024

Poverty is a significant social issue that affects all countries, including Indonesia. The various shortcomings and helplessness experienced by those living in poverty highlight this problem. The government considers poverty a severe issue that requires attention every year. Although the government has implemented several measures to alleviate poverty, reducing or eradicating it is challenging due to the numerous dimensions involved. This study investigates the impact of inefficiency fiscal on poverty in 23 districts/cities of Aceh province. Socio-macroeconomic indicators such as education as proxy human capital, economic growth, and inequality are also examined. This research uses balanced panel data from 2011 to 2020. Research data on remaining government spending comes from the Directorate General of Fiscal Balance (DJPK) of the Ministry of Finance. In contrast, education, economic growth, inequality, and poverty come from the Central Bureau of Statistics. The analysis used is the threshold panel. The study results found that education had a negative effect while inequality had a positive effect. The threshold test results on the unspent fund found an optimal value of 1.725 percent. If the remaining spending is above the threshold, poverty will increase, and vice versa. If the remaining spending is below the threshold, then poverty will decrease. Based on these findings, it is necessary to increase the length of schooling, reduce inequality, and increase efficiency (according to planning).
Examining Prescribing Behavior: Sociodemographic Profiles, Drug Efficacy, and Marketing Dynamics
Authors:   Mohammed V University, Agoulmam Ibtihal , Chakor Abdellatif ,   Mohammed V University
Published: December 2024

This study delves into the complexities of prescribing behavior, focusing on sociodemographic profiles, drug efficacy, and marketing dynamics within the healthcare sector. Utilizing a questionnaire comprising 33 items, we surveyed 267 healthcare professionals in Rabat, Morocco. Employing reliability tests such as Cronbach's Alpha and statistical analyses including ANOVA, chi-square test, Cramer's V, and Pearson correlation, we scrutinized the data. Our findings reveal significant results pertaining to profession, experience, specialty, and interactions with medical representatives. The examination of sociodemographic profiles underscores how factors such as age, gender, education, and socioeconomic status influence prescribing decisions. Moreover, the assessment of drug efficacy highlights the meticulous evaluation process healthcare professionals undertake, weighing factors like clinical effectiveness, anticipated side effects, and adherence to clinical practice guidelines.

In the realm of marketing dynamics, our study illuminates the substantial impact of pharmaceutical promotional strategies on prescribing behavior. Notably, interactions with medical representatives emerged as a pivotal determinant, with healthcare professionals heavily relying on commercial information provided by pharmaceutical representatives. The reliability tests conducted on our questionnaire ensure the robustness of our data analysis, while the statistical tests employed offer insights into the significance of various factors influencing prescribing behavior. Specifically, differences in prescribing behavior based on profession, experience level, specialty, and frequency of contact with medical representatives were found to be statistically significant. Overall, this study contributes to a deeper understanding of prescribing behavior within the healthcare landscape, shedding light on the multifaceted interplay between sociodemographic factors, drug efficacy considerations, and marketing dynamics. These insights have implications for healthcare policy, medical education, and pharmaceutical marketing strategies, aiming to optimize prescribing practices and enhance patient care outcomes.
Comparative Analysis of Social Responsibility of Business in Kazakhstan and Developed Countries
Authors:   Department of Sociology and Social Work, Al-Farabi Kazakh National University, Almaty, Republic of Kazakhstan, Tauyekelova Tolganay , Sadyrova Mansia S. ,   Department of Sociology and Social Work, Al-Farabi Kazakh National University, Almaty, Republic of Kazakhstan, Mukazhanova Almira Zh. ,   Department of Political Science and Socio-Philosophical Disciplines, Abai Kazakh National Pedagogical University, Almaty, Republic of Kazakhstan, Sultanova Farida M. ,   Department of Political Science and Socio-Philosophical Disciplines, Abai Kazakh National Pedagogical University, Almaty, Republic of Kazakhstan, Osimbayeva Indira S. ,   Department of International Relations, Kazakh Ablai Khan University of International Relations and World Languages, Almaty, Republic of Kazakhstan
Published: December 2024

Corporate social responsibility of business is a crucial component both for increasing its competitive advantages and for achieving sustainable development goals. In this regard, the study of the principles of social responsibility among different companies is relevant. Thus, the study aims to investigate the reasons for the current pace of development of corporate social responsibility in Kazakhstan. Sociological analysis, as well as elements of economic analysis, comparison of fundamental concepts and modern approaches to the study of corporate social responsibility were used. The study demonstrated that a prerequisite for the long-term and effective functioning of a business is an understanding of the dependence of financial indicators on the company image quality in front of investors, top management, consumers, and the public, which creates the necessary background of trust in a business that can be achieved by using the theory of reasonable corporate egoism in corporate social responsibility practice, as well as the implementation of integrated reporting. Furthermore, the research analysed statistical data that describes the level of corporate social responsibility in Kazakhstan and other countries. Based on the analysis, factors that influence the formation of corporate social responsibility in the country were identified, and practices that can be used in Kazakhstani business practices to improve the situation in the context of corporate social responsibility were described. The results obtained bring new knowledge for understanding the peculiarities of companies’ activities in the context of approaches to corporate social responsibility.
Transforming Organizational Culture in the Post-Pandemic Era: Challenges, Strategies, and Outcomes
Authors:   University of Greenwich, United Kingdom, Ahmad Ali , Chowdhury Dababrata ,   Canterbury Christ Church University, United Kingdom
Published: December 2024

The purpose of this study is to facilitate organizational culture change because changing an organizational culture is one of the most difficult leadership challenges. Successful organizational culture change often considers an organizational capability and core competency that facilitate the complexity of the change management implementation process. To address the research problem, this research approached was mixed method research, using qualitative and quantitative research combined. A semi-structured interview, purposive sampling (10 participants) and computer software NVivo used for qualitative approached. On the other hand, three hundred surveys, random clustered probability sampling, computer software SPSS used to interpret the quantitative data. The study provided insight about how sustainable culture change can achieve for post pandemic workplace. It recommends that effective leadership is key for successful organizational culture change in the post pandemic workplace. The study also found that the organizational culture is the key to organizational transformation because it spells out a change initiative will falter or successful. The study fulfills the global needs of academic and practitioners to achieve the sustainable organizational culture change in the post pandemic workplace.
Impact of Women's Empowerment on Female Account Ownership: A Case Study of Selected Sub-Saharan African Countries (2011 – 2021)
Authors:   University of Nigeria, Enugu Campus, Nigeria., Herbert Ugochinyere , Okoyeuzu Chinwe ,   Department of Banking and Finance, University of Nigeria, Enugu Campus, Nigeria., Ukpere Wilfred Isioma ,   University of Johannesburg, Suth Africa
Published: December 2024

This study investigated women's empowerment and its impact on female account ownership, using selected sub-Saharan African countries as a case study from 2011 to 2021. The central research question covers whether women's empowerment has any impact on the financial inclusion of women in sub-Saharan Africa, with an emphasis on account ownership by women as a yardstick to measure financial inclusion. The selected women empowerment variables comprised the percentage of the total labour force, namely female labour force (FLF), equality in the rights to ownership of property (EOR), non-discrimination of women in employment (NDW), choice of where to live by women (CWL), mean years of schooling of females (MYS), and women political empowerment (WPE). By means of pooled ordinary least square regression, using the fixed effects estimation model applied to the panel data from 38 sub-Saharan African (SSA) countries with available data for the period 2011 to 2021, as reported on the three-yearly database, this research was able to establish the impact of some of the selected variables of women empowerment on female account ownership in SSA. This study hinges on the undeniable potential of women to lift Africa from multi-dimensional poverty since a greater proportion of household consumption is contributed by the income of women rather than men in Africa. The authors, therefore, recommend, among others, that African governments should invest in policies that will encourage gender equality and women's emancipation to boost women's empowerment, which is the gateway to enhanced financial inclusion of African women and the attendant gain of accelerated poverty reduction in Africa.
Tsar Ivan Alexander and the Battle of Rusokastro
Authors:   St. Cyril and St. Methodius University of Veliko Tarnovo, Bulgaria, Mladenov Momchil
Published: December 2024

The reign of Tsar Ivan Alexander (1331–1371) has been studied from different perspectives. This article discusses the Battle of Rusokastro. The aim is to answer the question of whether this ruler was a good commander. The information of the sources allows for a positive answer to be reached. Tsar Ivan Alexander made or approved of all important decisions. He correctly assessed the military situation, and he combined diplomatic skills and military pressure. In the Bulgarian sources of the 1330s, emphasis is placed on his military achievements. Therefore, another touch can be added to the ruler’s portrait.
Organization of the Sacred Space in Eastern Rupchos, Middle Rhodope Mountains (Locus and Regional Models)
Authors:   Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, Rangochev Konstantin
Published: December 2024

The sacralization of the space is a sine qua non for Bulgarian folk culture. This paper analyzes sacred places in the region of Eastern Rupchos in the Rhodope Mountains. The author views the vertical organization of the sacred space in this region as archaic and dating from the period before the Ottoman invasion in the Bulgarian lands at the end of the 14th century. It is hypothesized that this vertical organization of the sacred space has been preserved for a long period (up until the 20th century) in this region due to the well-developed cult of the Sun in the Rhodopes that could be traced back to the beginning of the first millennium BC.
The Literary Asceticism of Gregory Tsamblak: Tradition and Messages
Authors:   University “Prof. D-r Asen Zlatarov“ – Burgas, Bulgaria, Buyuklieva Antoaneta
Published: December 2024

The article examines the role and merit of Gregory Tsamblak in the social, political and spiritual context of the 15th century. That is when the Ottoman invasion of the Balkans raised the question of the Church of Christ’s consolidation and the unification of the Christian West and East as a way to stop the invasion. The struggle for the unity of the Church, which the metropolitan bishops of Kyiv and Lithuania turned into their mission, into an ascetic feat, also left a mark on Tsamblak’s literary work. As a brilliant orator and preacher of Christ, he confronted the schism between Catholicism and Orthodoxy and the Union of a Catholic model under the supremacy of the Pope, which was disastrous for Christendom in the face of the heathen invaders.
The Development of Monasteries as Agricultural Units (13th – 14th Centuries)
Authors:   Cyrillo-Methodian Research Centre, Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, Georgieva Teodora
Published: December 2024

Monasteries occupied a significant place in the development of Bulgaria. Their functions were not only spiritual, religious, cultural and social, but also economic. Managing different types of property and agricultural equipment, and obtaining different raw materials, the monasteries had a number of advantages in the development of medieval economy. Source information speaks of craft production and trade activity carried out near them. An important aspect of this issue is the central government’s policy of granting immunities. An indicator for the economic “impulse” turned out to be the degree of cultural development, which inevitably points to charitable acitivies during the period under review. Monasteries were important for Bulgaria’s economic life. The lands belonging to them had certain financial and legal functions, and yielded a significant amount of agricultural resources. In this way, apart from being part of the ecclesiastical, religious, cultural and social life of the country, they blended into its agricultural rhythm.
A Few Words about Ch. 72 of Antirrheticus III, Written by Nikephoros I (806–815), Patriarch of Constantinople
Authors:   South-West University Neofit Rilski, Hristov Yanko
Published: December 2024

It is beyond reasonable doubt that church hierarchs had huge and multifaceted influence on the communities in the Orthodox world. Due to his particular writing activity and his anti-iconoclastic views, Patriarch Nikephoros I (806–815) of Constantinople made no exception. The hierarch’s influence was felt not only by his contemporaries, but also by the next generations in Byzantium. However, it is worth noting that, in comparison with Breviarium‘s text, Patriarch Nikephoros offered quite a different viewpoint in Ch. 72 of Antirrheticus III in terms of the rule of Emperor Constantine V (741–775). In fact, this peculiarity provoked scholars who have paid attention to the large, complex, and often divergent topic concerning the use, reuse, and sometimes misuse or overuse of history and historical knowledge in Byzantium. It is a characteristic that cannot be perceived as extremely odd or surprising at all, especially if we take into consideration some questionable aspects of the iconoclastic period. In terms of Ch. 72 of Antirrheticus III, the major question is whether the prominent Byzantine hierarch stuck to the truth or he presented the facts in a tendentious way, because his version is more useful, and because the past is too important to be simply described for its own sake.
Again on the 989 Voden Inscription of Tsar Samuel
Authors:   St. Cyril and St. Methodius University of Veliko Tarnovo, Bulgaria, Kaloyanov Ancho
Published: December 2024

The Voden inscription of Tsar Samuel from 989 was declared by Bozhidar Dimitrov (1997) a Revival forgery. For Ivan Dobrev (2007), it is an authentic monument, while according to Kazimir Popkonstantinov (2014), its text was created in the ruling quarters of Tarnovo’s tsars. Thanks to the need for an unusual title of Samuel (tsar of Bulgarians and Romans) in the inscription, its text dates back to the time of the correspondence between Tsar Kaloyan and Pope Innocent (in the second half of 1203). It can also be found on a portable marble tablet that was carved by a stonecutter in Bosnia or on the east coast of the Adriatic Sea. The dating is supported by the indisputable parallels of formulas and style established by Ivan Dobrev, but in a different chronological order – the Voden inscription “borrowed” from the Bitola inscription (1016) and “gave” to the Tarnovo inscription (1230). In Voden, it was formalized as the founding inscription of Tsar Samuel for the Assumption Church and was important for determining the leading role of the bishop of Maglen in the opposition of the Bulgarian bishops to the conquering policy of the Epirus emperor Theodore Comnenus at the 1217–1220 Council in Ohrid.
Practices of Consecration, Accumulation of Sanctity and Collective Ktetorship in Medieval Tarnovo in the 14th Century According to the Data from Church No. 22 in the Trapezitsa Fortress
Authors:   Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, Rabovyanov Deyan
Published: December 2024

The study presents an example of temple consecration practices in the Second Bulgarian Empire, rarely recorded in archaeological research. In the temple built in the 1330s, Church No. 22 in the Trapezitsa Fortress (the second fortified core of Tarnovo, the capital of the Empire), nearly 20 objects of Christian art and cult were discovered, which had been used for the consecration of this temple and for the accumulation of sanctity. Their varied composition and age, as well as the urban environment of Church No. 22, which was the parish church of a large district in the southern part of Trapezitsa, indicate that the construction and maintenance of this building was probably accomplished by an act of collective patronage by the inhabitants of the city.
The Epistle of St. Euthymius of Tarnovo to Monk Cyprian RAS No. 317
Authors:   St. Cyril and St. Methodius University of Veliko Tarnovo, Bulgaria, Gavazova Nevena
Published: December 2024

This publication is an introduction to a comprehensive study of the epistolary texts of St. Patriarch Euthymius. A source for the study of the epistle to Monk Cyprian is its edition in manuscript copy No. 317 at the Library of the Romanian Academy of Sciences, Bucharest (16th century, рр. 44–67), with variant readings in manuscript No. 61 at the Library of the Rila Monastery (according to E. Kalužniacki). The purpose of the research is to publish the text of a previously unpublished transcript, to establish the biblical metatext, and to outline the intertextual connections with the patristic literature, indicative of the theological erudition of the medieval scribe. The text of the epistle refers to a corpus of monastic readings, selected and confirmed in the practice of the Bulgarian Hesychast monastic community from Athos, Paroria and Tarnovgrad. The work contains an archeographic reference to the transcripts of the message and their distribution, as well as a brief review of scientific publications devoted to it.
The Complex Words in Dionisiy Divni’s Translation of the Homilies about Lazarus and the Rich Man by St. John Chrysostom
Authors:   St. Cyril and St. Methodius University of Veliko Tarnovo, Bulgaria, Mishev Zahari
Published: December 2024

The article shows the registered complex words in Dionisiy Divni’s translation of the homilies about Lazarus and the Rich Man by St. John Chrysostom, thus confirming his reputation as one of the most prominent and authoritative translators in the mid-14th century with the creative approach he used to adapt the Greek text to the Bulgarian linguistic environment
The Assumption of St. John the Theologian: Genre and Narrative Features
Authors:   St. Kliment Ohridski University of Sofia, Kostova Plamena
Published: December 2024

The paper focuses on the genre and narrative features of Uspenie na Sveti Yoan Bogoslov (The Assumption of St. John the Theologian), which commemorates the feast of the saint on 26 September in the South Slavic calendar collections. It also explores the narrative and structural specifics of the text.
TESTING THE UNEMPLOYMENT HYSTERESIS HYPOTHESIS FOR TÜRKİYE BY AGE, GENDER AND FREQUENCY DIFFERENCES: EVIDENCE FROM WAVELET-BASED UNIT ROOT TESTS
Authors: Çat Tuba , Kırca Mustafa
Published: December 2024

The main objective of this study is to test the unemployment hysteresis hypothesis by age, gender and frequency differences (period) for Türkiye. For this purpose, monthly data cover a long period between 2005 and 2023.Wavelet transforms of unemployment rates, along with their original values, are used to investigate the hysteresis effect for short, medium, and long-run components. First, the linearity of the series and the significance of structural breaks are tested. The Fourier Augmented Dickey-Fuller (FADF) test is used for linear series with significant structural breaks. The Fourier Kapetanios-Shin-Snell (FKSS) test is used to test the hysteresis hypothesis for non-linear series with significant structural breaks. For series without significant structural breaks, ADF and KSS tests are used. The findings reveal that the hypothesis of unemployment hysteresis in Türkiye differs by age, gender, and frequency differences.
DİJİTALLEŞMENİN BELİRLEYENLERİ: DOĞAL KAYNAK BOLLUĞU
Authors: Arı Ayşe
Published: December 2024

Dünya hızlı bir dijitalleşme süreci yaşamaktadır. Fakat her ülke aynı düzeyde dijitalleşmeye sahip olamadığından dijitalleşmenin sunduğu fırsatlardan da yeteri kadar yararlanamamaktadır. Bu çalışmada dijitalleşmeyi etkileyebilecek faktörlerden doğal kaynak bolluğunun etkisi araştırılmıştır. Çalışmada E7 ülkeleri CS-ARDL yöntemi kullanılarak analiz edilmiştir. 1993-2021 zaman aralığını kapsayan analiz sonucunda doğal kaynak bolluğunun dijitalleşmeyi uzun ve kısa dönemde negatif etkilediği bulgusuna ulaşılmıştır. Çalışmada ekonomik büyüme ve enflasyonun dijitalleşmeyi uzun dönemde pozitif etkilediği de belirlenmiştir. Bu durumda doğal kaynak laneti hipotezinin geçerli olduğu söylenebilir. Bu sonuca göre, yöneticiler doğal kaynak gelirlerindeki artışa paralel bir şekilde dijital sektörün gelişmesini desteklemediğinde dijital sektörde daralma yaşanabilir. Çalışmada Emirmahmutoğlu & Köse(2011) nedensellik testine de başvurulmuş ve doğal kaynak bolluğundan dijitalleşmeye doğru tek yönlü bir nedensellik ilişkisi tespit edilmiştir.
An Evaluative Study of the Administrative Performance of Supervisors in the Sports Activity Departments of the General Directorates of Education in Baghdad from the Perspective of Physical Education Teachers
Authors: Walaa Ghazi Mohammed  , Huda Abdul-Sameea Abdul-Wahhab
Published: December 2024

هدف البحث الحالي الى بناء مقياس الأداء الاداري لأقسام النشاط الرياضي في المديريات العامة للتربية في محافظة بغداد من وجهة نظر مدرسي التربية الرياضية، ومعرفة مستوى الأداء الاداري لأقسام النشاط الرياضي في المديريات العامة للتربية في محافظة بغداد من وجهة نظر مدرسي التربية الرياضية. اتخذت الباحثتان   المنهج الوصفي بالأسلوُب المسحي  لملائمتِه مع طبيعة البَحث وأهدافه و إن اختيار الباحثتان   للعيّنة يُعد من المراحِل المهمّة في البَحث اذ يَجب أن يكون الاِختيار مُمثلاً للمُجتمع الأَصلي تمثيلًا صادِقاً ينسَجم مع طَبيعة الحالة المُراد دراستها ، لِذا اِشتمل مُجتمع البَحث على مدرسي التربية الرياضية في مديريات تربية بغداد  والبالغ عَددهم (9184 )  يتواجدون في (6) مديريات تربية تابعة الى وزارة التربية وهي (الرصافة 1، الرصافة 2 ، الرصافة 3  ، الكرخ 1 ، الكرخ 2، الكرخ 3) للعام الدراسي  (2023-2024م) وَتم اختيارهم من قبل الباحثتان   بالطريقة العَمدية بأسلوب الحصر الشامل مِن خِلال تحديد ملامح مُجتمع البحث ، لجأ الباحثتان  إلى اختيار عينة مُناسبة منها تمهيداً لتطبيق البَحث عليها بالاعتماد على معادلة ستيفن ثامبسون, لِذا اختارت الباحثتان  عينة بَحثهما متكونة من (369) مدرسا  بنسبة بلغت (100%) مِن مُجتمع البحث بطريقة الحَصر الشامل.ومن اهم الاستنتاجات هي ان يعمل المشرف على تنظيم ندوات واجتماعات دورية مع المدرسين ومناقشتهم  بالاهداف المخطط لها ، و  يشرك المشرف الفني  المدرسيين في صياغة ورسم الخطط للمنافسات الرياضية ، ويمتلك المشرف الفني  علاقات اجتماعية جيدة مع المدرسين  ويبتعد عن المزاجية في العمل. اما التوصيات فقد توصي الباحثتان الى الاستفادة من مقاييس الدراسة في عملية تشخيص وقياس ومدى امتلاك المشرفين الفنيين في أقسام النشاط الرياضي والمدرسي للاداء الإداري، وتهيئة كافة وسائل التكنلوجيا ووسائل الاتصال الحديثة في المؤسسة الحكومية لغرض الاستفادة منها في الاطلاع على اخر المستجدات والتطورات لدعم  الاداء الاداري لتحقيق كافة الأهداف المطلوب تحقيقها. وهذا ما يحقق احد اهداف التنمية المستدامة للامم المتحدة في العراق (التعليم الجيد).
Persistent Organic Pollutants PFAS: Challenges, Impacts and Legislative Measures
Authors: McGachy Lenka , Kroužek Jiří , Škarohlíd Radek
Published: December 2024

In February 2023, the European Chemicals Agency (ECHA) announced that it has an expected detailed proposal for the restriction of more than 10,000 per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) under the Registration, Evaluation, Authorisation and Restriction of Chemicals (REACH) Regulation. The national authorities of Denmark, Germany, the Netherlands, Norway and Sweden submitted the proposal after identifying risks in the production, marketing and use of PFAS. In their view, the substances are not sufficiently controlled and need to be addressed at EU level. This article focuses on the implications of the proposed restriction of PFAS for consumers and markets, analysing the possible impacts on industry and everyday life. It also discusses the occurrence of PFAS in the environment and the impact of these persistent compounds on human health and the environment.
Enzymatic Synthesis and Its Use in Cladribine Production
Authors: Čížková Zdeňka , Maťha Vladimír , Beneš Karel
Published: December 2024

Enzymatic synthesis is an alternative to chemical synthesis and provides new possibilities in the preparation of pharmaceutically active substances. The aim is to minimize the inefficiency of the chemical method of preparation and increase its effectiveness. Despite advances, biotechnological processes in nucleoside synthesis using catalysis by nucleoside phosphorylases are not actively applied industrially. The development of an enzymatic synthesis route could bring benefits in terms of improved efficiency, process simplicity, and minimization of organic solvent consumption and thus environmental impact. The use of enzymatic synthesis in the production of cladribine provides a simple and rapid way of producing this active substance in high purity without the formation of undesirable by-products.
Polymeric Nanofibers and Microfibers: New Formats of Materials Used in Chromatography for Sample Preparation Using Solid Phase Extraction
Authors: Švec František , Chocholouš Petr , Chocholoušová Havlíková Lucie , Chvojka Jiří , Erben Jakub , Háková Martina , Kholová Aneta , Kolichová Ivona , Martinová Lenka , Raabová Hedvika , Šatínský Dalibor
Published: December 2024

For traditional sample preparation by solid phase extraction prior to HPLC separation, plastic or metal pre-columns filled with sorbent particles or, more recently, monolithic columns are commonly used. To a much lesser extent, fibrous sorbents are used for this purpose. This article aims at introducing the reader to the possibilities offered by fibrous sorbents in the field of analytical chemistry. Methods for the production of nanofibers and microfibers using electrospinning, meltblown, and their combination are described. These are also presented with a brief look at the history of their development. Examples of the polymers which the fibers are prepared from and their characteristics, which must be considered when selecting the polymer for extraction of the desired analytes, are also listed. Finally, some examples of extraction of substances presented in our publications are described, with a particular focus on samples that are complex in nature, such as the environmental and biological samples.
Migration of Micro-, Macroelements and Heavy Metals in the Trophic Chain of Bees
Authors: Eremia Nicolae G. , Coșeleva Olga , Jereghi Vitalii , Sucman Natalia , Mardari Tatiana , Cataraga Ivan , Macaev Fliur Z.
Published: December 2024

This study investigates the migration of microelements (iron, zinc, copper, manganese), macroelements (calcium, potassium, magnesium, sodium, phosphates) and heavy metals (cadmium, lead, nickel, chromium) through the trophic chain from soil to honey plants, bees, and their products (honey, propolis) across various soil-climatic zones of the Republic of Moldova over 2020–2023, employing standardized analytical methods. The findings highlight selective migration and bioaccumulation patterns, which are crucial for understanding element distribution in ecosystems.
Full text English translation is available in the on-line version.
Possibilities of Using a Virtual Source Model to Refine the Prediction of the Impact of Injurious Effects in Massive Releases of Toxic Gases
Authors: Marek Jakub , Skřehot Petr A. , Hon Zdeněk , Vargová Slavomíra
Published: December 2024

Massive leaks of toxic substances occur not only during accidents connected with the operation of industrial enterprises, but also during their transfers by the means of transport. These events pose a serious threat to both people and the environment. Particularly dangerous are situations where dense gas clouds are formed after the release of the given substance. These spread very quickly, while they tend to remain at the earth's surface for a relatively long time and flow into various depressions. In a few minutes, the toxic gas can reach a large area, as confirmed by the conclusions from the Jack Rabbit field tests. Knowledge of the behavior of heavy gas, as well as knowledge of events influencing its dispersion in real conditions, thus provide important information needed for effective management of the resulting accident. The key data is the extent of the harmful effects of the given hazardous substance, which can be obtained by simulating the predicted emergency situation using modeling software (e.g. ALOHA). However, the fundamental shortcoming of this approach is that these software usually generate overestimated results. The fact that dangerous concentrations in the real environment do not reach such distances from the source of leakage has been repeatedly proven by past accidents. The reason for this discrepancy is that the computer programs used do not allow to model with sufficient accuracy all the simultaneous physico-chemical processes that are applied during the dispersion of dense gas clouds. This task is far too complicated and only a part of it can be solved with the necessary precision. However, for the needs of emergency planning, these inaccuracies represent a relatively fundamental limitation. One way how to deal with this problem is to use a virtual resource (sometimes called a virtual point) model. It is successfully used in various areas where it is necessary to simplify the otherwise demanding physical modeling of the temporal and spatial distribution of matter emitted from a surface or volume source. The main idea of a virtual source is that the real primary emission source is approximated to an imaginary source that is located at a different location but acts and appears outwardly as if it were a real source of leakage. The key task of this solution is to determine the parameters of this source, because this is the only way to obtain results with significantly higher reliability during the subsequent simulation of the considered accident scenario.
Özel Güvenlik Eğitim Kurumu’ndaki Özel Güvenlik Görevlisi Adaylarının Temel İlk Yardım Dersine Dair Algı ve Görüşleri
Authors: Baldır Yusuf Selim , Yağcı Ali
Published: December 2024

Bu çalışmada, özel güvenlik hizmetlerine dair kanunun uygulanmasına ilişkin yönetmelikte yer alan zorunlu 10 saatlik (6 saat teorik ve 4 saat uygulamalı) temel ilk yardım dersine dair özel güvenlik görevlisi adaylarının görüşlerinin incelenmesi ve değerlendirilmesi amaçlanmıştır. Veriler, nitel araştırma yöntemlerinden fenomenolojik desenine göre yürütülmüştür. Veriler yarı yapılandırılmış görüşme formu ile toplanmış ve betimsel analizi yöntemi ile analiz edilmiştir. Elde edilen bulgulara göre özel güvenlik görevlisi adayları, ilk yardımı “tıbbı araç ve ilaç kullanmadan yapılan ilk müdahale” olarak tanımlamışlardır. Temel ilk yardım dersinin önemine dair görüşlerinde ise, bu dersin “hayat kurtarıcı müdahaleleri öğrenmek için kritik” olduğu vurgulanmıştır. 5188 sayılı kanun kapsamında bu dersin “en temel öğrenilmesi gereken konu” olduğu ifade edilmiştir. Adaylar, temel ilk yardım dersinin “ilk yardım bilgi düzeylerine” katkıda bulunduğunu belirtmiş ve özellikle “temel yaşam desteği” konusunun önemini vurgulamışlardır. Ayrıca, dersin “maketlerden yararlanma” tekniği ile verilmesinin daha verimli olduğunu ifade etmişlerdir. Sonuç olarak, temel ilk yardım dersinin zorunlu olması gerektiğini, ancak bu dersin yalnızca teorik değil, aynı zamanda maketler, görsel materyaller ve teknoloji destekleriyle (simülasyon veya metaverse gibi) zenginleştirilerek verilmesi gerektiğini, böylece özel güvenlik görevlilerinin gelecekteki acil durumlara daha iyi hazırlanmış olacağını belirtmişlerdir.
Knowledge of Breast Cancer Risk Factors and Screening Practices Among Female Patients at ATBUTH Bauchi.
Authors: Muhammed Muhammed , Olalubi Olusogo , Abdulkareem Sani
Published: December 2024

Breast cancer is a global public health problem and is currently the second leading cause of cancers word wide and the most commonly diagnosed cancer among women with 2.3 million new cases (11.6%) reported in 2022. There are low survival rates for breast cancer among women in West Africa due to late presentation.
This was a cross-sectional, descriptive survey conducted among two hundred and twenty five (225) female patients at ATBUTH Bauchi. A structured questionnaire was used to assess the level of knowledge of breast cancer risk factors and utilization of breast cancer screening measures among respondents. Data was exported and analyzed using IBM SPSS version 24.
Most of the study respondents (92.9%) have heard of breast cancer and most of them know that older women (73.4%), having a family member with breast cancer (62.7%) and lack of breastfeeding (59.1%) increases a woman’s risk. Few respondents (40.9%) practice monthly BSE. Less than half of study respondents (42.7%) have had CBE before and very few (7.6%) have had mammography before.
Most of the respondents have heard of breast cancer and are aware of some of the risk factors for breast cancer. However, there’s low utilization of breast cancer screening methods.
Biomonitoring Mercury Pollution in Juru Industrial Estate Using a Rapid Inhibitive Enzyme Assay
Authors: Uba Garba , Halmi Mohd Izuan Effendi , Shukor Mohd Yunus
Published: December 2024

Due to rapid industrialization coupled with indiscriminate release of pollutants, the number of polluted rivers in Malaysia has been steadily increasing over the years. Regular monitoring of contaminants, particularly heavy metals, is not feasible due to the steep cost of instrumental monitoring alone. In this study, a rapid inhibitive enzyme assay using the molybdenum-reducing enzyme from the bacterial isolate 34XW was developed for monitoring mercury. The Mo-reducing enzyme from this bacterium was very sensitive to mercury, with an IC₅₀ confidence interval of 0.0025–0.0029. The inhibition model followed a log(inhibitor) vs. response with variable slope, enabling detection of mercury at the Maximum Permissible Limit (MPL) set by the Malaysian Department of Environment. Comparisons with established assays, using IC₅₀ values and confidence intervals, confirmed the superior sensitivity of the developed method. Hierarchical clustering identified patterns of enzyme sensitivity, with assays grouped by IC₅₀ intervals. Isolate 34XW was an outlier with exceptional sensitivity. K-Means clustering grouped assays into sensitivity tiers, with the clustering of the molybdenum-reducing enzyme from the bacterial isolate 34XW into a unique cluster due to the level of its sensitivity. Juru industrial estate water samples tested using the assay revealed its capability in detecting low concentrations of mercury. These findings underscore the assay’s utility in detecting elevated mercury concentrations in environmental samples and its broader implications for environmental monitoring and biochemical applications. As a preliminary screening tool for heavy metal monitoring on a large scale, the assay is quick and easy to use.
The Impact of Inventory Management on Supply Chain Performance
Authors: Gupta Gargi
Published: December 2024

force operation plays a vital part in shaping the performance of force chains. By balancing force situations, businesses
can optimize costs, enhance functional effectiveness, and ameliorate client satisfaction. Effective force operation
reduces holding, ordering, and stockout costs, leading to lesser cost effectiveness. It also ensures product vacuity,
contributing to on- time deliveries and advanced service situations. likewise, it fosters inflexibility by enabling quick
adaption to demand oscillations and mollifying the pitfalls of overstocking and stockouts. Data- driven perceptivity
deduced from force systems support informed decision- timber and streamline loss processes. also, strong force
operation practices strengthen supplier connections, reduce lead times, and give adaptability in the face of
dislocations. In sum, force operation is essential for perfecting force chain performance, optimizing fiscal coffers,
and maintaining a competitive advantage while supporting sustainability pretensions.

Keywords
force Chain Management, Supply Chain Integration, Financial Performance, Supply Chain Strategies, Competitive
Advantages.
A Review on Understanding Halitosis: Causes, Types, and the Role of Mouth Fresheners
Authors: Jaiswal Suryakant , Kaushal Abhay , Kumar Rishu , Sharma Harish , Sahu Gyanesh Kumar
Published: December 2024

Bad breath, or halitosis, is a common condition with significant social and psychological implications. Mouth
fresheners, available in various forms such as sprays, chewing gums, lozenges, and rinses, offer a quick solution for
managing this issue. This review provides a comprehensive analysis of the types, mechanisms, and effectiveness of
mouth fresheners in tackling bad breath. It explores the role of natural and synthetic ingredients, including essential
oils, antibacterial agents, and zinc compounds, in neutralizing odor-causing compounds and improving oral hygiene.
The review also delves into traditional practices, emerging trends like probiotic and eco-friendly products, and the
impact of mouth fresheners on the oral microbiome. While mouth fresheners provide immediate relief, their efficacy
in addressing the root causes of halitosis remains limited, necessitating a holistic approach to oral care.

Keywords- Halitosis, Bad Breath, Mouth Fresheners
Design and Implementation of a High-Efficiency Seven-Level Inverter for Solar Power Generation Systems
Authors: MS SHANMUGHAN , GS ANIL KUMAR , P UNNIKRISHNAN , VV KAMAL
Published: December 2024

This paper presents a novel solar power generation
system that integrates a DC/DC power converter with a new
seven-level inverter, offering enhanced efficiency and simplified
design. The DC/DC power converter combines a boost converter
and a transformer to produce two independent voltage sources.

These are processed by a capacitor selection circuit and a full-
bridge power converter in cascade to generate a seven-level AC

voltage. The proposed inverter topology uses only six power
electronic switches, with only one switch operating at high
frequency at any given time, thereby minimizing switching losses
and improving overall power conversion efficiency. The reduced
switching harmonics also decrease filter inductor requirements,
contributing to a compact and cost-effective design. A prototype
system was developed and tested, demonstrating its ability to
deliver sinusoidal output current synchronized with utility
voltage, confirming its suitability for residential solar power
applications. This system represents a significant advancement in
the field of solar energy conversion, addressing key challenges of
efficiency, cost, and reliability.
Keywords
Seven-level inverter, DC/DC power converter, solar power
generation, multilevel inverter, high-efficiency inverter,
renewable energy, grid-connected inverter, switching loss
reduction, photovoltaic systems.