bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Freibergite from Polymetallic Sulphide Deposits of the Delhi-Aravalli Belt, Rajasthan
Authors: Mukherjee Ananda Deb , Sen R. , Mondal Arpita
Published: November 2024

The polymetallic sulphide are deposits of Delhi-Aravalli orogenic belt exhibit occurrerce of freibergite (a mineral of fahlore group) as a major source for recovery of silver as an important byproduct. EPMA data on the chemistry offreibergite is presented. In order to obtain optimal recovery of Ag from the ores of these deposits, selective flotation of freibergite is suggested.
Compositional Study of Spinels from Wajrakarur Pipe-10 (Anumpalle), Ananthapur District and its Significance in Diamond Prospectivity
Authors: Mukherjee Abhijeet , Rao K. S. , Babu E. V. S. S. K. , Roy Gautam
Published: November 2024

Geological Survey of India had recently discovered Wajrakarur pipe-10 and spinels from this pipe were analysed. Q-cluster analysis of these spinels based on Cr2O3, Al2O3, TiO2 and MgO contents indicate the presence of S1, S3, S4, S5 and S10 groups. S1 group spinels are supposed to be cogenetic with diamond i.e., stable in the mantle within the P-T regime under which diamonds are known experimentally to form. The Cr/(Cr+Al) vs Fe/(Fe+Mg) plot also show that a few spinels are from the field of diamond inclusion chromites. This study suggests probable diamondiferous nature of the Anumpalle pipe.
Reaction Textures in Gneisses from Dallmannfjellet - Conrad Area, Orvin Range, Central Dronning Maud Land, East Antarctica : Implication for Metamorphic Evolution
Authors: Kundu Amitava , 'souza M. J. , Mohan Anand
Published: November 2024

Preliminary study of metamorphic reaction textures coupled with thermobarometry suggests that the metapelites. garnet-clinopyroxene gneisses. calc-silicate gneisses and orthopyroxene bearing quartzo-feldspathic gneisses exposed in Dallmannfjellet-Conrad area, central Dronning Maud Land, East Antarctica were metamorphosed to granulite grade. Peak metamorphic conditions evaluated from core thermobarometry are ~900 - 1050°C and pressure ~9 kbar. Sillimanite and garnet growth over spinel in metapelites suggests cooling of the rocks to 800°C, followed by a mild decompression inferred on the basis of orthopyroxene+plagioclase moats around garnet in metanorite pods within metapelite. The metanorite pods record P-T conditions of 7-10 kbar and 750-850°C. Late component of the P-T segments is represented by cooling stage and eventual exhumation of the terrain.
Sediment Mixing Pattern of the River Ajay with the Bhagirathi-Hooghly River System
Authors: Basumallick S. , Mukherjee P. C.
Published: November 2024

The sediment mixing pattern of the Ajay with the Bhagirathi-Hooghly river system has been worked out utilizing three different kinds of data viz. grain size, grain shape and heavy mineral composition. The near concurrence of the results of sediment mixing pattern worked out by three different techniques demonstrates the usefulness of each of the properties as tracer. The bed load contribution of the Ajay to the Bhagirathi during freshet appears to be 25% which can not be regarded as an insignificant contribution. Assuming the conventional bed load content of 5 to 15 percent of the total load, it can be presumed that the suspended load contribution of the Ajay to the Bhagirathi-Hooghly system couId also be quite significant and may be an important factor in the silting of the Hooghly in its lower reaches.
Archaean Komatiites from the Older Schist Belt of Kalyadi in Western Dharwar Craton, Karnataka
Authors: Subba Rao D. V. , Naqvi S. M.
Published: November 2024

The cluster of enclaves at Kalyadi, Hassan district includes ultramafic-mafic metavolcanic rocks and minor metasedimentary rocks such as chert, cherty quartzite and pelite. Occurrence of pillow and vesicular structures in the ultramafic rocks is being reported for the first time from this area. The average composition of the ultramafic rocks is : SiO2 46.05%, TiO2 0.18%, MgO 31.81%, K2O 0.15%. Cr 3409 ppm and Ni 1610 ppm with a CaO/Al2O3) ratio close tol. The composition, relict igneous structures and metasedimentary rock association are suggestive of a komatiitic affinity for these rocks, which possibly accumulated under subaqueous conditions.
Phurcalite: A Rare Secondary Calcium Uranium Phosphate Mineral from Putholi, Chittaurgarh District, Rajasthan
Authors: Singh Yamuna , Singh K. D. P. , Bhatt A. K.
Published: November 2024

X-ray powder diffraction data are presented for phurcalite [Ca2(UO2)3 (PO4)2 (OH4 4H2O], with orthorhombic symmetry, a very rare, yellow coloured, secondary uranium mineral, from Putholi (24°57'45":74"38'30"). The host rock is quartzite which contains fluorapatite, pyrite, goethite, hematite, magnetite, chlorite and mica as accessory minerals. Measured cell parameters of the phurcalite are: a0 = 17.3416 Å,  b0 = 16.1138 Å and c0 = 13.5491 Å, with a cell volume of 3786.16 Å3.
Chronostratigraphic Implication of Carbon and Oxygen Isotopic Compositions of the Proterozoic Bhima Carbonates, Southern India
Authors: Kumar B. , Das Sharma S. , Shukla M. , Sharma M.
Published: November 2024

Carbon isotope records on carbonates from the Bhima basin are characterized by 13C enriched values (up to 4‰ PDB). These data are integrated with the available palaeontological records to suggest a Terminal Proterozoic (post - Varanger) age for the Bhima sediments. The carbon isotope compositions of Katamadevarhalli and Shahabad carbonates analysed in the present study exhibit two distinct trends. While the Katamadevarhalli carbonates show a positive trend, those from Shahabod display a negative trend from bottom to top, probably indicating long-term temporal trend of carbon isotope values.
Mineralogy and Geochemistry of Profiles Through Lateritic Nickel Deposits at Kansa, Sukinda, Orissa
Authors: Das S. K. , Sahoo R. K. , Muralidhar J. , Nayak B. K.
Published: November 2024

In the Sukinda ultramafic belt of Orissa, significant deposits of nickeliferous laterite have formed by weathering of large chromiferous dunite-peridotite suite of rocks. Two typical laterite profiles obtained by drilling (BH-1 = 50 m and BH-2 = 46 m) from Kansa sector of Sukinda belt were studied in order to establish petrochemical relationships between supergene Ni-laterites and the parent rock. In BH-1, ferruginous layers comprise the profile where goethite is intimately admixed with quartz, kaolinite and gibbsite at various depths. In BH-2, a complete laterite profile from bed rock (altered dunite) to top pisolitic laterite with transitional clay-serpentinite zone is encountered. The altered dunite is essentially composed of olivine (FO93.8 ? 35% vol.) and serpentine. The clay-serpentinite zone consists of varying proportions of smectite clay (nontronite) and antigorite with minor amount of chromite, goethite and quartz. This zone is enriched in Ni with a maximum value of 1.09% Ni. In the ochreous ferruginous zone overlying clay-serpentinite zone, serpentine and nontronite disappear completely and goethite constitutes the principal mineral with varying proportions of secondary quartz. This zone is rich in Fe, Ni, Co, Mn, Al and Cr and is formed by residual concentration of stable oxides. Mass-balance equation assuming Cr2O3 as constant chemical constituent reveals that nickel is strongly accumulated in the clay-serpentinite zone. A second maximum in nickel concentration is found in ochreous ferruginous zone with almost complete removal of magnesium. Normalised major and trace element data generated on the bore hole samples have been processed, by using R-mode factor analysis of correlation matrix to understand the natural process of weathering. Leaching studies of the samples suggest that nickel occurs in adsorbed state within amorphous hydrated iron oxide and in weakly bonded and lattice bound states within gaethite and secondary silicates.
Anatomy of a Porphyry Copper Deposit - Malanjkhand, Madhya Pradesh
Authors: Bhargava M. M. , Pal A. B.
Published: November 2024

The Malanjkhand ore body consists of rnineralised quartz veins, mainly of two generations, emplaced in altered and silicified granitoids. Hypogene wall rock alteration includes silicification, potassic alteration, chloritisation and biotitisation, Sassuritisation and sericitisation of plagioclase are common. Hydrothermal alteration has modified the composition of granitoids. Oxidation and supergene enrichment have resulted in distinct supergene mineral zoning. Leached zone, supergene oxide zone and supergene sulphide zone have been identified. Supergene enrichment has increased >22% copper in the supergene sulphide zone. Localisation of copper in the deposit is related to intensity of fracturing in Stage-II veins as well as volumetric proportion of the silicified granitoid patches. The ore body contains >2000 ppm Mo on the northern side. Mo mineralisation is independent of copper concentration. Gold and silver show positive correlation with copper. The mode of occurrence of sulphide mineralisation suggests its genesis under variable hydrothermal conditions. The localisation of quartz veins in long and narrow zones as well as limited hydrothermal alteration suggests that fluids must have followed permeable zones provided by the sheared and fractured granitoids.
Petrology Geochemistry of the Late Archaean Siliceous High-Magnesian Basalts (SHMB) from Kaklur, Southern Bastar Craton, Central India
Authors: Srivastava Rajesh K. , Singh R. K.
Published: November 2024

Greenschist facies rnetabasalts showing relict spinifex texture, associated with the Late Archaean Bengpal Group, are well exposed in the Kaklur area, Bastar craton. They are classified as siliceous high-magnesian basalts (SHMB) on the basis of its distinct chemistry, such as high SiO2 (52.83-54.52 wt%), high MgO (11.40-18.35 wt%), high Cr, Ni, enriched Rb and K, depleted Nb and Ti, and enriched-LREE patterns, as well as the presence of spinifex texture. Low Al2O3/TiO2 and Sc/Y ratios, high Ti/Zr and Sr/Nd ratios less than chondrite corroborate SHMB nature of these basalts and clearly distinguishes them from komatiites/lcomatiitic basalts and boninites. They show close geochemical similarities, particularly in high field strength and rare earth element concentrations, with other well studied Western Australian SHMB. Such SHMB are reported in literature to be derived either from komatiitic magma by crustal contamination though assimilation-fractional crystallization (AFC) processes or from magma generated from the refractory continental lithosphere.
Palaeomagnetic and Low-Field AMS Studies of Proterozoic Dykes and their Basement Rocks Around Harohalli, South India
Authors: Prasad J. N. , Satyanarayana K. V. V. , Gawali P. B.
Published: November 2024

Palaeomagnetic and Low-field Anisotropy of Magnetic Susceptibility (AMS) results are reported from 8 unmetamorphosed dolerite dykes, and from one site each of the Closepet Granite (CG), the Peninsular Gneiss (PG) and the Charnockite (Ch) in the Harohalli area of the Dharwar craton. The AMS results exhibit "normal" magnetic fabrics for three dykes. Rest of the dykes exhibit either "inverse" or "anomalous" magnetic fabrics, indicating the dominance of single domain (SD) uniaxial magnetite grains and a complex mixture of SD and multi-domain (MD) grains respectively. Almost similar AMS fabrics are exhibited by the Peninsular Gneiss, Closepet Granite and Charnockite. This magnetic fabric is in close conformity with the structural features of the terrain and indicates E-W compressional stress. Two dykes have yielded a mean characteristic remanent magnetization (ChRM) direction (D = 130°, I = -88°, a95 =33°; N=2) which is similar to a previous result from the same dyke swarm and the Tiruvannamalai dykes in the adjacent South Indian Granulite Terrain (SIGT). Thus we support the earlier suggestion (Radhakrishna and Joseph, 1993) that no relative motion took place between the granite-greenstone terrain (GGT) and the SIGT, at least since the emplacement of Tiruvannamalai dykes ca. 1600 Ma ago. The palaeomagnetic directions from the PG (D = 285°, I = 43°), CG (D = 300°, I = 43°), and Ch (D = 300°, I = 43°) are statistically indistinguishable and the corresponding pole positions fall close to those reported for 1100-1000 Ma old rocks. Thus partial remagnetization/streaking in these sites occurred probably during the Eastern Ghats orogeny. It appears that the Eastern Ghats orogeny has penetrated selectively into the adjacent Dharwar craton.
Geochemistry and Tectonic Setting of the Amritpur Granite Series, Kumaun Lesser Himalaya, India
Authors: Pandey Prabha , Rawat R. S.
Published: November 2024

Pre-Himalayan granites are important in the study of evolution of Himalaya. Amritpur Granite Series (AGS) in the Kumaun Lesser Himalaya is one such Pre-Himalayan, Precambrian granite and is of three types, viz. Porphyritic Amritpur Granite (PAG), Equigranular Amritpur Granite (EAG) and Amritpur Porphyry (AP). The field, mineralogical and geochemical characteristics of AGS are consistent with those of S-type granites. The AGS is peraluminous with A/CNK (>1.1) and high normative corundum. besides high (87Sr/86Sr) ratio of 0.7117+0.0044. Major and trace element geochemistry of AGS indicates a syn-collisional regime and anatexis associated with pre-Himalayan collision during Precambrian times. The melt produced by anatexis has intruded into the Precambrian Bhimtal-Bhowalj Formation.
Conodont Biostratigraphy of the Lower Triassic in Spiti Himalaya, India
Authors: Bhatt D. K. , Joshi V. K. , Arora R. K.
Published: November 2024

Early Triassic sequence of about 30 m thickness is exposed at Lalung (Lilang) in Spiti, Himachal Pradesh. The sequence, traditionally defined by the Otocerus bed at the base and the Keyserlingites bed at the top, is biostratigraphically defined in this paper by eight successive conodont zones, which in the ascending order are: Neogondolella orientalis - N. subcarinata Assemblage Zone, Neospathodus kummeli Zone, Neospathodus dieneri Zone, Neospathodus cristugalli Zone, Neospathodus pakistanensis-Neogondolella nepalensis Assemblage Zone, Neospathodus waageni Zone, Neogondolella elongata Zone and Neospathodus timorensis Zone. These conodont zones are delineated on the basis of data from Lalung, Mud (Muth), Guling (Kuling) and Spiti River sections in the Spiti valley.
Was there an Intracontinental Rift Between India and Sri Lanka?
Authors: Agrawal P. K. , Pandey O. P.
Published: November 2024

The nature of tectonic configuration between SE coast of India and NW coast of Sri Lanka has been a subject of considerable debate for over past two decades. In the present work, we analyse long wavelength gravity-magnetic, seismological, satellite imagery and related tectonic, geologic and geomorphic information over India, Madagascar, Sri Lanka and Antarctica to suggest that no intracratonic rift could ever develop between India and Sri Lanka. It appears that in the erstwhile Gondwanaland, Sri Lanka rested in the Lutzo-Holm Bay of Antarctica and had the same relative paleoposition with respect to India as it has today, although a small scale translational and rotational motion as suggested by Yoshida et al. (1992) may not be ruled out. The study throws significant light on the paleoassembly of these continental fragments and suggests the possibility of weak mantle upwelling between India and Sri Lanka which may have resisted the formation of oceanic crust between them.
Hybrid Acid Xenoliths in Dolerite Dykes Intruding Deccan Flood Basalts, Pune-Ahmednagar Region, Western India
Authors: Sharma R. K. , Pandit M. K. , Warrier S.
Published: November 2024

The Deccan flood basalt in Pune - Ahmednagar region, western India, is intruded by NE-SW. NW-SE and E-W trending dolerite dyke swarms, post-dating the main eruptive phase. The NE-SW trending dykes host a number of large (~1 to ›5 m across) ellipsoidal rhyolitic and granitic xenoliths that show effects of hybridization along their rims. Granitic xenoliths contain fractured and partially assimilated crystals. whereas in the fine-grained rhyolites hybridization is manifested in the development of flow structures and chlorophaeite-filled amygdules. Hybridization of the xenoliths has resulted in wide variation in silica abundance, whereas the REE patterns show remarkable similarity. This indicates that hybridization was limited only to the readjustment of relatively mobile elements, resulting in alkali exchange across the interface. The rhyolitic xenoliths might have resulted from the fusion of the crust by basic magma, while the granitic xenoliths possibly represent the basement component. Incomplete assimilation of xenoliths by the melt as evidenced by limited reaction, further corroborates the incorporation of xenoliths at a shallow level, when the uprising basic melt had considerably fractionated and cooled. The fractionated nature of host dolerite dyke is also confirmed by moderate MgO, high FeO and LREE enrichment.
Metavolcanic and Metasedimentary Inclusions in the Bundelkhand Granitic Complex in Tikamgarh District, Madhya Pradesh
Authors: Hanuma Prasad M. , Hakim Asfar , Krishna Rao B.
Published: November 2024

The Bundelkhand Granitic Complex of central India contains inclusions of Archaean volcanic and sedimentary rocks and orthogneisses, some of which are 15 km by 6 km in size, Earlier workers considered that these inclusions belong to two distinct lithostratigraphic formations separated in time by a migmatization event. Our new data suggest that the migmatization event post-dated all of the volcanic and sedimentary rocks and hence the two-fold stratigraphic subdivision is not viable. Further, intrusion of orthogneisses resulted in an increase in grade of metamorphism in some volcanic and sedimentary rocks specifically near the contact.
Factors Controlling Vertical Fluxes of Particles in the Arabian Sea
Authors: Balakrishnan Nair T. M. , Ramaswamy V. , Parthiban G. , Shankar R.
Published: November 2024

Particle fluxes were measured using six time-series sediment traps at three sites in the western (16°20' N; 60°30' E), central (14°31' N; 64°46' E) and eastern (15°31' N; 68°43' E) Arabian Sea. Trap deployment depths were between 900 and 3000 m and collection period was from December 1992 to February 1994.

Annual particle fluxes showed an east-west trend with minimum fluxes (22.25 gm-2) in the eastern Arabian Sea and maximum fluxes (69.81 g m-2) in the western Arabian Sea. Carbonates, contributed mainly by foraminifers and coccolithophorids, are the dominant component in all the traps. Opal fluxes were maximum in the western Arabian Sea. At all the locations, lithogenic percentages increased with depth whereas organic carbon percentages decreased. Particle flux patterns show a strong seasonality with peak fluxes during the southwest (SW) monsoon (June to September). Relatively high fluxes were also observed during the northeast (NE) monsoon (December to February).

In the western Arabian Sea, particle fluxes are dominated mainly by carbonates during the early SW monsoon but by biogenic silica during the fate SW monsoon. The increase in particle fluxes during the early SW monsoon is related to variations in the mixed layer depth which, in turn, is controlled by the strength of the Findtater Jet and the curl of the wind stress. The increase in biogenic silica fluxes during the late SW monsoon is related to the advection of nutrient-rich water from the Oman and Somali upwelling areas. In the eastern Arabian Sea, particle fluxes are high during the NE monsoon due to the effects of winter cooling.
Malpa Rockfalls of 18 August 1998 in the Northeastern Kumaun Himalaya
Authors: Pant P. D. , Luirei Khayingshing
Published: November 2024

This paper presents the case history of Malpa rockfall of 18 August 1998, which has claimed a toll of 250 lives, including 60 pilgrims in transit camp, under the shadow of Malpa peak, 40 km north of Dharchula. The slope failure which caused the rockfall was aggravated by high angle of hillslope (78°), conducive conditions of bedrock, particularly enlarged joint space and proximity to the Main Central Thrust (MCT), which has been affected by neotectonic movements in the recent past. High frequency of discontinuities have severely deteriorated the stability of hillslopes and their safety factor 'F' has been reduced to 0.114. The rockfall vector shows a close parallelism with the geometrically determined wedge failure responsible for rockfalls.

The rockfall occurred in the metaquartzites of Pandukeshwar Formation of Vaikrata Group. Freezing and thawing due to snow and swelling action of rainwater had built up shearing stresses to a level that exceeded the shearing resistance of the slope, forming weathered metaquartzites along with interbedded sericite quartzite and a thin veneer of regolith along most vulnerable and weakest surface. Massive rockfall took place following incessant rains and cloud burst which widened the enlarged joints, particularly the joint pattern in the N45°W/80° SE direction including NW-SE trending bedrock. A number of trees and dead bodies were washed away due to the bursting of the debris dam across Malipa Gad and Kali river affecting nearly two sq. km area at Malpa.
Mineralogy and Geochemistry of Alkali Beryl from the Rare Metal Bearing Pegmatites of Marlagalla-Allapatna, Mandya District, Karnataka
Authors: Sarbajna Chanchal , Sinha R. P. , Krishnamurthy P. , Krishna K. V. G. , Viswanathan R. , Banerjee D. C.
Published: November 2024

White coloured alkali beryl from the pegmatites of Mariagalla-Allapatna in Mandya district, Karnataka contains distinctly higher alkali elements (Na, Li, Rb, Ca) and relatively low beryllium oxide (c. 11 % BeO) compared to normal beryl. Beryl occurs mostly between graphic intermediate zone and quartz core in the complexly zoned, spodumene-bearing Li-Cs-Ta (LCT) type pegmatites in this area. The average value (n = 7) for alkali beryl from this area are Na2O 1.26%, Li2O 0.6%, Cs2O, 0.74%, K2O 0.07 and Rb2O 0.08%. Cs content in some of the beryls are higher than Na and hence such beryls may be termed as a new Na-Li-Cs type X-ray powder diffraction data for the beryl (ao = 9.2765-9.339 Å, co = 9.2079-9.2487 Å) reveal differences in crystal structure with respect to normal beryls from Royalstone, Massachusetts, USA (ao = 9.215Å, co = 9.192Å) and compares well with the reported alkali beryl from Arizona, USA (ao = 9.30Å, co = 9.20Å) Their refractive index (N?) ranges from 1.588 to 1.592 and the specific gravity varies from 2.74 to 2.79.
Alteration of Basaltic Glasses from the Central Indian Ocean
Authors: Iyer S. D.
Published: November 2024

Textural, mineralogical and compositional characteristics of basaltic glasses from the Central Indian Ocean show them to be altered to varying extents through their interaction with the seawater, resulting in the fonnation of palagonite. The major chemical changes are the loss of Si, Mg and Ca and a gain of Na and K whilst, Fe and Ti remained immobile. It reflects that the basaltic glasses have undergone initial to intermediate stages of palagonitisation under low temperature oxidative alterations. Subsequent accretion of ferromanganese oxides over the glasses have halted the progress of alteration.
Adenine Base Editing (ABE) Screening of Blood Pressure (BP) and Coronary Artery Disease (CAD)-Associated Variants in Endothelial Cells v1
Authors: Lecluze Estelle , Belhaj Hicham , Diaz Candice , Lo Chao-Sheng , Sin Lo Ken , Lettre Guillaume
Published: November 2024

This study developed a pooled Adenine Base Editing (ABE) screen to assess the functional impact of genetic variants linked to blood pressure (BP) traits and coronary artery disease (CAD) in a human endothelial cell line (TeloHAEC). Twelve loci identified through Genome-wide association studies (GWAS) were analyzed, including variants in strong linkage disequilibrium (r² ≥ 0.8) across multiple ancestries and fine-mapped (PIP > 0.1) in the UK Biobank. A gRNA library targeting 1,271 variants was designed, incorporating positional effects and nearby genetic variations. This platform enables high-throughput analysis of BP- and CAD-associated variants.
Library Cloning v1
Authors: Smith Nahum , Casadei Silvia
Published: November 2024

This protocol details about the library cloning.
Pre-Sequencing v1
Authors: Smith Nahum , Casadei Silvia
Published: November 2024

This protocol details the information about pre-sequencing.
Using Multiplex Virtual PCR For Genetic Barcoding Of Tequatrovirus Bacteriophages
Authors: Kiryanova O.Yu. , Kiselev S.S. , Panyukov V.V. , Nikulin N.A. , Nazipova N.N. , Chemeris A.V. , Zimin A.A.
Published: November 2024

In this paper, we investigate the possibility of using the multiplex virtual PCR method to develop approaches to barcoding the genomes of T4-type bacteriophages. A comparison of the multiplex virtual PCR method and phylogenomic analysis based on alignment-free approach was performed. A dataset of Tequatrovirus genomes previously selected for pangenomic analysis was used for this study. The genomes used were preliminarily checked for their adequate annotation and, accordingly, sequencing accuracy. A study using the multiplex virtual PCR method was carried out for 67 genomes, barcodes were generated, and similarity parameters were determined. Based on the obtained data, a phylogenetic tree was constructed using the neighbor joining method. For the same set of Straboviridae bacteriophage genomes, a phylogenomic tree was constructed based on pairwise distance matriх between oligonucleotide 10-mer sets. Comparison of these two trees showed differences in branching between the control distantly related genomes from the genera Mosigvirus and Dhakavirus, and the branch of the genomes of bacteriophages of the genus Tequatrovirus. The authors of the work suggested that these differences may reflect the features of the multiplex virtual PCR method, which is more applicable for assessing the similarity of closely related genomes than within genomes with an identity degree of less than 75 %. It can be concluded that the multiplex virtual PCR method allows one to distinguish taxonomic groups of large bacteriophages, which include T4-type bacteriophages, at the genus level. Thus, using this method, within the genus of such bacteriophages one can more accurately compare the genomes of viruses with a length of about 170 kb. From a practical point of view, multiplex virtual PCR is quite applicable for including barcodes compiled on its basis in the bacteriophage passport for use in the practice of phage therapy.
THE BEGINNINGS OF THE PENINSULA: WILLIAM HEALEY DALL AND FLORIDA
Authors: MILLER KARL
Published: November 2024

William Healey Dall, one of the leading American naturalists of the late nineteenth century, was active in several different disciplines, including geology, paleontology, oceanography, invertebrate zoology and anthropology. While known primarily for his work in Alaska, Dall also did significant research in Florida. Through a series of expeditions from 1885–1893 and the extensive writing that accompanied them, Dall contributed greatly to our knowledge of Florida’s geologic origins and development. His findings on the peninsula, especially his landmark Contributions to the Tertiary Fauna of Florida, continue to influence scientists today.
Pengembangan Teknik Pembelajaran dengan Prinsip Frugal Education
Authors: Astuti Retno Widi , Praherdhiono Henry , Kuswandi Dedi
Published: November 2024

The development of learning techniques using the principles of frugal education is carried out to produce practical, easy, cheap, interesting and valid learning in accordance with the principles of frugal education or frugal education. The development was carried out to overcome problems in learning using games, namely difficulties in providing games to be used in learning, and the use of technology available in schools was not optimal. The development of this learning technique uses the Plomp model. Plomp is a learning development model that is considered simple, flexible and flexible because each development step can be adapted to research. The development of this learning technique produces a syntax that will be implemented in the selected learning model syntax. Evaluations related to product validation are carried out by learning design experts and material experts. Trials on students and implementation trials were carried out to test the feasibility of the product. In learning techniques that are developed and tested on students, show participation in each syntax well so that learning objectives can be achieved. Based on the results of validation and product trials, it was concluded that the learning techniques that had been developed were practical, easy, cheap, interesting and valid for use in learning.

Abstrak
Pengembangan teknik pembelajaran dengan prinsip pendidikan hemat dilakukan untuk menghasilkan suatu pembelajaran yang praktis, mudah, murah, menarik, dan valid sesuai dengan prinsip frugal education atau pendidikan hemat. Pengembangan dilakukan untuk mengatasi masalah dalam pembelajaran dengan menggunakan permainan yaitu kesulitan dalam penyediaan permainan yang akan digunakan dalam pembelajaran, dan pemanfaatan teknologi yang tersedia di sekolah belum maksimal. Pengembangan teknik pembelajaran ini menggunakan model Plomp. Plomp merupakan model pengembangan pembelajaran yang dipandang sederhana, fleksibel dan luwes karena setiap langkah pengembangannya dapat disesuaikan dengan penelitian. Pengembangan teknik pembelajaran ini mengahsilkan sintaks yang akan diimplementasikan pada sintaks model pembelajaran yang dipilih. Evaluasi terkait validasi produk dilakukan oleh ahli desain pembelajaran dan ahli materi. Uji coba kepada peserta didik dan uji coba implementasi dilakukan untuk menguji kelayakan produk. Dalam teknik pembelajaran yang dikembangkan dan diuji kepada peserta didik, menunjukkan partisipasi dalam setiap sintaksnya dengan baik sehingga tujuan pembelajaran dapat tercapai. Berdasarkan hasil validasi dan uji coba produk diperoleh kesimpulan bahwa teknik pembelajaran yang telah dikembangkan praktis, mudah, murah, menarik, dan valid untuk digunakan dalam pembelajaran.
Analisis Keterlibatan Mahasiswa Dalam Pembelajaran Berbasis Proyek
Authors: Farida Mustika Khurotul , Setyosari Punaji , Aulia Fikri
Published: November 2024

Student involvement in the learning process is an important thing that can have a big impact on the success and effectiveness of learning. The learning model that can be used is project-based learning which can be carried out collaboratively by creating projects that are in accordance with the learning objectives that have been set. This research aims to describe the level of student involvement in project-based learning based on three aspects with each indicator. This research uses descriptive quantitative methods. Research data was obtained from a questionnaire distributed to educational technology students at the State University of Malang in the third and fifth semesters. The results of the research show that the level of student involvement of most students is in the medium category in the three aspects of involvement, including cognitive aspects, behavioral aspects and emotional aspects. In the cognitive aspect students make efforts to understand the material and mastery of skills, in the behavioral aspect students show positive behavior such as paying attention and discussing, in the emotional aspect students show feelings of interest, happiness, sadness and anxiety during learning and the process of working on projects.

Abstrak
Keterlibatan mahasiswa dalam proses pembelajaran merupakan suatu hal penting yang dapat berdampak besar untuk keberhasilan dan keefektifan pembelajaran. Model yang pembelajaran yang dapat digunakan adalah pembelajaran berbasis proyek yang dapat dilakukan secara kolaboratif dengan membuat proyek yang sesuai dengan tujuan pembelajaran yang telah ditetapkan. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mendeskripsikan tingkat keterlibatan mahasiswa dalam pembelajaran berbasis proyek berdasarkan 3 aspek dengan masing-masing indikator. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode kuantitatif deskriptif. Data penelitian diperoleh dari kuesioner angket yang disebar kepada mahasiswa S1 Teknologi Pendidikan Universitas Negeri Malang angkatan 2022 dan 2023. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa tingkat keterlibatan mahasiswa sebagian besar mahasiswa berada dalam kategori sedang pada ketiga aspek keterlibatan (aspek kognitif, aspek perilaku, dan aspek emosional). Pada aspek kognitif mahasiswa memberikan usahanya untuk memahami materi dan penguasaan keterampilan, pada aspek perilaku mahasiswa menunjukkan perilaku positif seperti memperhatikan dan berdiskusi, pada aspek emosional mahasiswa menunjukkan perasaan minat, senang, sedih, dan cemas saat pembelajaran maupun proses pengerjaan proyek.
Liderazgo pedagógico de los directores escolares en educación básica, secundaria y media en Colombia
Authors: Herrera Pérez Jhan Carlos , Ochoa Londoño Efraín Darío , Tello Zuluaga Jefferson
Published: November 2024

The pedagogical leadership of school directors in elementary, middle and secondary education is crucial for educational success and continuous improvement. This article aims to analyze said leadership in Colombia, focusing on its impact on teaching and learning processes, identifying challenges and proposing recommendations for its strengthening. The methodology uses a qualitative systematic review based on the PRISMA guide, selecting 38 articles published between 2019 and 2023. Studies concerning the pedagogical leadership of the school director at elementary, middle and secondary school levels were considered as inclusion criteria. The research highlights the complexity of the managerial role, facing challenges such as the development of improvement projects and the management of low-performing personnel. The results indicate that pedagogical leadership goes beyond improving standardized assessments, focusing on the comprehensive training of citizens. In Colombia, this leadership is reflected in educational quality, teacher training and effective classroom strategies. The importance of changing the supervisory focus of teaching managers to that of pedagogical support that strengthens pedagogical practices, stimulating leadership and contributing to the comprehensive development of students to thus raise educational quality is highlighted.
El papel de la metacognición en la transformación pedagógica delas TIC a las TAC
Authors: Ibarra Fernando
Published: November 2024

The article explores the pedagogical transformation in the current social, economic and cultural environment derived from the impact of digital technologies, which drives the need to renew educational strategies. The proposal focuses on the integration of metacognition and technologies to promote meaningful learning in teachers and students immersed in digital media. This work based on a literature review with a qualitative approach aims to understand how metacognition influences the transition from ICT to CT, highlighting its impact on the adaptation to the digital world and the promotion of self-learning according to the guidelines of educational technology in this process; highlighting its potential to motivate, regulate and provide personalized feedback enabling to navigate effectively in digital environments promoting and facilitating self-regulation of learning.
Expanding Opportunities: Policies for Gender Equality and Inclusion: Executive Summary
Authors: Araujo María Caridad , Berlinski Samuel , Bosch Mariano , Frisancho Verónica
Published: November 2024

This book examines the progress and persistent challenges in achieving gender equality and LGBTQ inclusion in Latin America and the Caribbean. Despite significant advances in women's education, health, and labor force participation, substantial gaps remain in areas such as economic opportunity and leadership representation, and gender-based violence remains high. The region has also witnessed a greater, though incomplete, acceptance of diverse sexual orientations and gender identities. The book proposes a comprehensive policy framework structured around three pillars: foundational policies, policies that enable economic opportunity, and institutional reforms. It argues that addressing persistent challenges requires evidence-based policies that expand opportunities to unlock the regions full talent potential and drive progress toward a more equitable and inclusive society.
Biocompatibility of light responsive materials prepared for accommodative intraocular lenses manufacturing
Authors:   Department of Ophthalmology, Beijing Anzhen Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100029, China, Liu Chen-Zi , Dai Wei ,   Department of Ophthalmology, Beijing Anzhen Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100029, China, Hao Lan-Cao ,   Department of Ophthalmology, Beijing Anzhen Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100029, China, Zhu Si-Quan ,   Department of Ophthalmology, Beijing Anzhen Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100029, China; Department of Ophthalmology, Xiamen Ophthalmology Center, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361004, Fujian Province, China
Published: November 2024

AIM: To investigate the biocompatibility and bacterial adhesion properties of light responsive materials (LRM) and analyze the feasibility and biosafety of employing LRM in the preparation of accommodative intraocular lenses (AIOLs).
METHODS: Employing fundamental experimental research techniques, LRM with human lens epithelial cells (hLECs) and human retinal pigment epithelium cells (ARPE-19 cells) were co-cultured. Commercially available intraocular lenses (IOLs) were used as controls to perform cell counting kit-8 (CCK-8), cell staining under varying light intensities, cell adhesion and bacterial adhesion experiments.
RESULTS: LRM exhibited a stronger inhibitory effect on the proliferation of ARPE19 cells than commercially available IOLs when co-cultured with the undiluted extract for 96h (P<0.05). Under other culturing conditions, the effects on the proliferation of hLECs and ARPE-19 cells were not significantly different between the two materials. Under the influence of light irradiation at intensities of 200 and 300 mW/cm2, LRM demonstrated a markedly higher inhibitory effect on the survival of hLECs compared to commercially available IOLs (P<0.0001). They also showed a stronger suppressive effect on the survival rate of ARPE-19 cells, with significant differences observed at 200 mW/cm2 (P<0.001) and extremely significant differences at 300 mW/cm2 (P<0.0001). Additionally, compared to commercially available IOLs, LRM had a higher number of cells adhering to their surface (P<0.05), as well as a significantly greater number of adherent bacterium (P<0.0001).
CONCLUSION: LRM, characterized by their excellent non-contact tunable deformability and low cytotoxicity to ocular tissues, show considerable potential for use in the fabrication of AIOLs. These materials demonstrate strong cell adhesion; however, during photothermal conversion processes involving shape deformation under various light intensities, the resultant temperature rise may harm surrounding cells. These factors suggest that while the material plays a positive role in reducing the incidence of posterior capsule opacification (PCO), it also poses potential risks for retinal damage. Additionally, the strong bacterial adhesion of these materials indicates an increased risk of endophthalmitis.
Predictive value of CA-153, CA-125 and Apo A for ocular metastasis in menopausal female patients with breast cancer
Authors:   Department of Laboratory Medicine, Guangxin District Maternal and Child Health Hospital, Shangrao 334000, Jiangxi Province, China, Liu Qun-Ce , Zeng Yan-Mei ,   Department of Ophthalmology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang 330006, Jiangxi Province, China, Chen Cheng ,   Department of Ophthalmology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang 330006, Jiangxi Province, China, Wei Hong ,   Department of Ophthalmology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang 330006, Jiangxi Province, China, Hu Jin-Yu ,   Department of Ophthalmology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang 330006, Jiangxi Province, China, Zou Jie ,   Department of Ophthalmology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang 330006, Jiangxi Province, China, Wang Xiao-Yu ,   Department of Ophthalmology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang 330006, Jiangxi Province, China, Chen Xu ,   Ophthalmology Centre of Maastricht University, Maastricht 6200MS, Limburg Provincie, Netherlands, Shao Yi ,   Department of Ophthalmology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang 330006, Jiangxi Province, China; Department of Ophthalmology, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, National Clinical Research Center for Eye Diseases, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Ocular Fundus Diseases, Shanghai Engineering Center for Visual Science and Photomedicine, Shanghai Engineering Center for Precise Diagnosis and Treatment of Eye Diseases, Shanghai 200080, China
Published: November 2024

AIM: To establish a meaningful standard for diagnosing ocular metastasis (OM) in menopausal breast cancer (BC) women, and explore the relationship between CA-153, CA-125, apolipoprotein A, and OM.
METHODS: A total of 1362 menopausal female BC patients with OM volunteered to take part in this study between July 2012 and July 2022. Women with BC who are menopausal were found to have an OM incidence of 1.6%. Furthermore, CA-153, CA-125, and apolipoprotein A (Apo A) all contributed to OM in women with BC who are postmenopausal according to binary logistic regression. Receiver operating curve (ROC) analysis was used to assess the diagnostic value of OM in patients with BC.
RESULTS: Both CA-153 and CA-153+CA-125 showed a higher sensitivity of 95.45%, whereas CA-153+Apo A illustrated the highest specificity of 99.02%. Moreover, CA-153 and CA-153+CA-125 had higher areas under the curve (AUC) of 0.973.
CONCLUSION: The data indicate that the serum concentrations of CA-153 exhibited the most significant predictors of the diagnosis of OM in menopausal women with BC. The current study researches the utility of risk factors in predicting of OM in menopausal BC women and put forward the latest suggestions on their clinical application.
Resistant corneal ulcers in a tertiary care ophthalmic center in Egypt: 10 years epidemiological study
Authors:   Ophthalmology Department, Tanta University Hospital, Gharbia Governorate 31527, Egypt, Khater Mohammad M. , Elshorbagy Mohamed Sameh ,   Ophthalmology Department, Tanta University Hospital, Gharbia Governorate 31527, Egypt
Published: November 2024

AIM: To investigate the magnitude of problem caused by resistant corneal ulcers and its epidemiological characteristics.
METHODS: Patients with corneal lesions were selected and carefully examined and cases with resistant corneal ulcers were further investigated and data were recorded using a specific data sheet designed in hospital. Then, collected data from patients were statistically analyzed.
RESULTS: Totally 1939 cases were included in the study, including 816 fungal cases (42.1%) and 1123 (57.9%) non-fungal cases. Age of the participants ranged from 18 to 73y. Fungal cases were more common in middle age (35–55y). Men were more affected (53.5%) of cases included in the study. Keratomycosis affected more unskilled personnel (75.1%), large families with small houses (higher crowding index 73.9%), rural (64.5%) residence. Patients with sanitary water sources (34.8%) and waste disposal (24.4%) were less affected.
CONCLUSION: Keratomycosis is more frequent in unskilled personnel, rural locations, outdoor water sources and insanitary waste disposal systems. Corneal trauma and contact lens are common risk factors.
Artificial intelligence applications in ophthalmic optical coherence tomography: a 12-year bibliometric analysis
Authors:   Department of Global Public Health, Karolinska Institute, Stockholm 17177, Sweden, Wang Ruo-Yu , Hu Xin-Ya ,   Shenzhen Eye Institute, Shenzhen Eye Hospital, Jinan University, Shenzhen 518040, Guangdong Province, China, Sun Li ,   Affiliated Hospital of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210000, Jiangsu Province, China; Jiangsu Provincial Academy of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210000, Jiangsu Province, China, Zhang Shao-Chong ,   Shenzhen Eye Institute, Shenzhen Eye Hospital, Jinan University, Shenzhen 518040, Guangdong Province, China, Yang Wei-Hua ,   Shenzhen Eye Institute, Shenzhen Eye Hospital, Jinan University, Shenzhen 518040, Guangdong Province, China
Published: November 2024

AIM: To explore the current application and research frontiers of global ophthalmic optical coherence tomography (OCT) imaging artificial intelligence (AI) research.
METHODS: The citation data were downloaded from the Web of Science Core Collection database (WoSCC) to evaluate the articles in application of AI in ophthalmic OCT published from January 1, 2012 to December 31, 2023. This information was analyzed using CiteSpace 6.2.R2 Advanced software, and high-impact articles were analyzed.
RESULTS: In general, 877 articles from 65 countries were studied and analyzed, of which 261 were published by the United States and 252 by China. The centrality of the United States is 0.33, the H index is 38, and the H index of two institutions in England reaches 20. Ophthalmology, computer science, and AI are the main disciplines involved. Hot keywords after 2018 include deep learning (DL), AI, macular degeneration, and automatic segmentation.
CONCLUSION: The annual number of articles on AI applications in ophthalmic OCT has grown rapidly. The United States holds a prominent position. Institutions like the University of California System and the University of London are spearheading advancements. Initial researches centered on the automatic recognition and diagnosis of ocular diseases leveraging traditional machine learning (ML) technology and OCT images. Nowadays, the imaging process algorithm selection has shifted its focus towards DL. Concurrently, optical coherence tomography angiography (OCTA) and computer-aided diagnosis (CAD) have emerged as key areas of contemporary research.