bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Serotype of Foot-and-Mouth Disease Virus in Cattles Circulated in Asia Region Including Indonesia: A Literature Review
Authors: hartaputera I Nyoman Surya Tri , Setyaningrum Aisyah , Baiti Nur , Krisnawati Matilda , Maheswari Luh Gede Winda , Batan I Wayan
Published: December 2024

Foot-and-mouth diseasevirus (FMDV)is a highly contagious infectious disease that poses significant economic and agricultural threats to the livestock industry worldwide. It primarily affects animals with split hooves. The disease is endemic in various regions,where livestock farming, particularly of cattle and other split-hooved animals, plays a vital role in the regional economy. The distribution of the seven Foot-and-mouth disease virus (FMDV) serotypes is not uniform. Foot-and-mouth disease virus exhibits wide antigenic variability and is classified into seven serotypes.Serotype A virus comprises 32 subtypes, while Asia 1 virus is characterized by three antigenic subtypes. For instance, 44 strains of Asian serotype 1 showed genetic variations. Serotype C viruses isolated in Europe and South America were classified into five antigenic subtypes.Among the different serotypes, the SAT-1 serotype demonstrated six topotypes, the SAT-2 serotype contained eleven topotypes, and the SAT-3 serotype contained six topotypes. Multiple topotypes within the serotypes indicate the diverse nature of FMDV strains circulating in various regions. This literature review aims to provide an analysis of the serotypes of FMDV prevalent in Asia witha specific focus on Indonesia. Understanding the genetic and antigenic diversity of FMDV is crucial for developing effectivecontrol measures and vaccines. Ongoing surveillance and research efforts are essential to combat the spread of FMD and protect global livestock populations from its devastating impact on agriculture and economies.
Kajian Pustaka : Sindrom Tukak Lambung pada Kuda
Authors: Pratiwi Ade Riskha , Dewanti Desak Gede Bintang Pradnya , Putra Made Deddy Dharmana , Arimbhawa I Gusti Ngurah Putra , Amalia Nabilah Rizky , Batan I Wayan
Published: December 2024

Equine Gastric Ulcer Syndrome atau sindrom tukak lambung merupakan kondisi patologis yang memengaruhi kelenjar lambung kuda. Lesi pada kuda yang menderita tukak lambung yaitu adanya ulserasi pada mukosa usus halus dan lambung akibat iskemia. Metode penulisan kajian pustaka ini adalah metode penelusuran literatur dengan mencari data melalui buku dan artikel jurnal yang mutakhir. Tanda klinis yang umum pada kuda antara lain, nafsu makan dan kondisi tubuh yang menurun, penurunan bobot badan, perubahan perilaku, rambut kusam, diare kronis, kolik persisten, hipersalivasi parah, bruxism, refluks lambung, dan penurunan kinerja pada kuda pacu thoroughbred dan standardbred. Sindrom tukak lambung disebabkan oleh ukuran anatomi lambung kuda yang kecil, sekresi asam yang konstan, diet tinggi biji-bijian, infeksi bakteri, dan penggunaan obat antiinflamasi nonsteroid. Pakan berbahan dasar biji-bijian yang sering diselingi dengan puasa dalam waktu lama dapat menyebabkan produksi asam lambung berlebih. Menelan biji-bijian dan konsentrat mampu meningkatkan produksi gastrin yang merangsang produksi asam lambung, sedangkan konsumsi jerami dapat menyebabkan sedikit rangsangan pada produksi gastrin. Penyakit ini didiagnosis menggunakan gastroskopi. Penanganan dilakukan dengan pemberian sediaan profilaksis berupa omeprazole yang dikombinasikan dengan sukralfat. Tindakan pencegahan dapat dilakukan dengan mengatur pola makan kuda yang baik seperti pemberian pakan dalam porsi kecil dan sering, serta pakan rendah pati, minyak jagung, peningkatan pakan hijauan dan ekstrak alfalfa.
Laporan Kasus:Rinitis Kronis dan Konjungtivitis Akibat InfeksiEscherichia colidan Staphylococcus sp.pada Kucing Peliharaan
Authors: Indriana Ni Putu Tiara , Putriningsih Putu Ayu Sisyawati , Batan I Wayan
Published: December 2024

Rinitis adalah salah satu penyakit yang menyerang saluran napas atas yaitu mukosa hidungdengan tanda klinis seperti bersin, batuk, demam, kelainan pada frekuensi pernapasan, keluarnya leleran dari rongga hidung, dan diikuti oleh pembengkakan pada limfonodusmandibularis.Rinitis seringkali disertai dengan konjungtivitis, yaitu peradangan pada konjungtiva yang ditandai adanya dilatasi pembuluh darah pada konjungtivayangmengakibatkan hiperemia dan edema disertai keluarnya cairan. Penyebabrinitis dan konjungtivitisdapatberupa agen infeksius ataunon-infeksius. Pemeriksaan dilakukan pada kucingpeliharaan bernama Pussy, berjenis kelamin betina, berumur tigatahun, bobotbadan 3,2 kg dengan keluhan bersin, pilek, mata kotor, dan kesulitan bernapas.Pada pemeriksaan fisikkucing terlihat kesulitan bernapas, ditemukanleleran hidung dan leleran mata mukopurulendisertai konjungtivitis.Hasil pemeriksaan hematologi rutin menunjukkan bahwa kucing kasusmengalami leukositosis, limfositopenia, anemia normositik hipokromik,dan eosinofilia. Pemeriksaan sitologi terhadap leleran hidung dan leleran mata menunjukkan adanya infiltrasi sel neutrofil, sel epitel,dan sel bakteri.Pada pemeriksaan kultur bakteridari sampel leleran hidung dan leleran mata, kucing positif terinfeksi bakteri Escherichia coli dan Staphylococcus sp..Kucingkasus didiagnosismengalami rinitisdan konjungtivitisolehinfeksibakteri E.colidan Staphylococcus sp..Terapidilakukan dengan pemberianantibiotikamoxicillinclavulanicacid(12,5 mg/kgBB q12h PO), tetes mata yang mengandung antibiotik chloramphenicoldan kortikosteroid dexamethasone(1 tetes pada setiap mata q8h), antihistamin cetirizine HCl(1mg/ekor q24h PO),serta vitamin Livron B-Plex (1 tabletq24h PO).Duaminggu pascaterapi,kucing kasus mengalami perbaikan kondisi yangditandai dengan tidak adanya leleran pada mata dan hidung, tidak bersin,dan konjungtivitis telah sembuh.
Laporan Kasus: Kombinasi Trimethoprimdan Sulfamethoxazolesebagai TerapiEnteritis akibatInfeksiIsospora spp.pada KucingBetina
Authors: Pratiwi Ade Riskha , Batan I Wayan , Erawan I Gusti Made Krisna
Published: December 2024

Kucing merupakan salah satu hewan yang sering dijumpai di lingkungan masyarakat, baik di perkotaan maupun di pedesaan. Kucing termasuk salah satu hewan kesayangan yang perlu mendapat perhatian dalam aspekpemeliharaandan pengembangbiakkan.Kendala yang kerap ditemukan pada pemeliharaan kucing adalah rentannya kucing terhadap infeksi parasit. Parasit yang sering ditemukan pada kucing,yaitu Isospora felis, Isospora rivalta,dan Toxoplasma gondii. Kucing yang terinfeksi Isospora spp. umumnya menunjukkan gejala klinis diare, muntah, dehidrasi, hilangnafsu makan,dan penurunan bobot badan. Hewan kasus merupakan seekor kucing betina berumur tiga bulan, berwarna coklat dengan bobot badan 1,1 kg. Kucingdibawa oleh pemiliknya untuk diperiksa dengan keluhan abdomen membesar disertai diare berwarna cokelat yang disertai bercak darah selama seminggu, intensitas diare dapat terjadi lebih dari lima kali sehari. Pemeriksaan fisik secara inspeksi menunjukkanmukosamulut dan anusterlihat merah muda pucat, abdomen terlihat membesar, terdapat sisa kotoran di sekitar anus, saat dipalpasi abdomen mengencang seperti terdapat cairan, dan saat diauskultasi terdengar suara borborygmus. Pada pemeriksaan feses menggunakan metode apung ditemukan ookista Isospora spp..Kucing didiagnosis mengalami koksidiosisdengan infeksi Isospora spp.Terapi yang diberikan berupa pemberian antibiotiktrimethoprim6,5 mg/ kg BB dan sulfamethoxazole35 mg/ kg BB selama lima hari; dan pemberian sirup kaolin-pektin 1 mL/kg BB peroralsetiap 12 jam selama dua hari. Terapi suportif diberikan multivitamin sebanyak satu kalisehari peroralselama lima hari. Evaluasi kondisi hewan kasus pada hari kelima terapi menunjukkan adanya perbaikan kondisi yang ditandai dengan perubahan konsistensi feses dari cairmenjadi padat,serta hewan kasus sudah mau makan dan minum dengan normal. Saat evaluasi feses, tidak ditemukannya ookista sporulasi maupun nonsporulasi sehinggakucing dinyatakan sembuh.
Laporan Kasus: Gangguan Tick Paralysis pada Anjing Kacang disertai Infeksi Caplak Rhipicephalus sanguineus
Authors: Latifah Difa Suci , Jayanti Putu Devi , Soma I Gede
Published: December 2024

Kelumpuhan akibat caplak atautick paralysisadalah sindrom neurologis yang ditandai dengan ataksia akut yang berkembang menjadi kelumpuhan asendens.Hal ini disebabkan oleh neurotoksin pada saliva dari beberapa spesies caplak.Hewan kasus merupakan anjing kacangbernama Monroe,berjenis kelamin betina,berumur empattahun,dengan bobot badan 14,2 kg, memiliki rambut berwarna putih.Anjingtiba-tiba lemas dan terlihat tidaknyaman saat berjalan dan duduk terutama pada bagian kaki belakang.Hasilpemeriksaan selain sistem sirkulasi dan limfonodusmenunjukkantidaknormal,sertabanyakditemukannyainfeksiektoparasit Rhipicephalus sanguineuspada anjing kasus.Hasil pemeriksaan penunjang pada darah rutin menunjukkan hewan kasus mengalami anemia.Hasil pemeriksaan X-ray tidak menunjukkan adanya kelainan pada ekstremitas.Diagnosis definitif pada anjing kasus dilakukan berdasarkan anamnesis, pemeriksaan fisik, dan pemeriksaan penunjang yang tidak menunjukkan terjadinya kelainan anatomi pada ekstremitas kaudal sinistramaupun dextradan tidak adanya fraktur pada ekstremitas kaudal, sehingga dapat disimpulkan bahwa anjing kasus mengalami tick paralysisdengan prognosis infausta.Terapi yang diberikan selama 10 hari dengan pemberianmultivitamin mengandung vitamin B1100 mg, B6 100 mg, B12 5.000 mcg, suplemen penambah darah yang mengandung ferrous gluconate250 mg, manganese sulfate0,2 mg, copper sulfate0,2 mg, vitamin C 50 mg, folic acid1 mg, vitamin B12 7,5 mcg, serta ivermectin1%tetapi tidak menunjukkan perubahan. Tujuan penulisan ini dibuat untuk melaporkan gangguan tick paralysis pada anjing kacang dengan infeksi Rhipicephalus sanguineus.
Laporan Kasus: Penanganan Koinfeksi Ctenocephalides sp., Sarcoptes scabiei, dan Toxocara sp. pada Kucing Peranakan
Authors: Prasetyo Catur , Soma I Gede , Arjentinia I Putu Gede Yudhi
Published: December 2024

Ctenocephalides sp.dan Sarcoptes scabieimerupakan ektoparasit yang dapat menyerang kulit kucing ditandai dengan gatal, kemerahan pada kulit, dan alopesia pada area gigitan dan dapat ditularkan melalui kontak langsung dengan hewan lain ataupun dari lingkungan sekitar, sedangkan Toxocara sp.merupakan endoparasit nematoda penyebab penyakit toxocariasis. Penyakit ini disebabkan oleh infeksi larva T. canispada anjing dan T. catipada kucing yang juga dapat ditemukan pada hewan dan manusia di seluruh dunia. Tujuan penulisan artikel ini yaitu untuk melaporkan kejadian infeksi ganda (koinfeksi) yang disebabkan ektoparasit dan endoparasit pada seekor kucing peranakan, serta untuk menambah referensi dalam penanganan pada kejadian serupa. Seekor kucing peranakan jantan dengan keluhan mengalami gatal yang ditandai dengan menggaruk bagian telinga, tengkuk, dan dagu sejak satu bulan terakhirserta mengalami permasalahan pada pencernaan yang ditandai dengan diare. Pemeriksaan fisik menemukan adanya lesi alopesia, krusta, eritema, pinjalCtenocephalides sp.pada kulit,dan konsistensi feses seperti pasta berwarna kuning. Hasil pemeriksaan penunjang berupa superficial skin scrapingdan acetate tape preparationditemukan adanya ektoparasit S.scabiei. Pemeriksaan trichogramditemukan adanya patahan rambut irregular. Pemeriksaan feses metode natif ditemukan adanya telur cacing nematoda Toxocara sp..Pemeriksaan hematologi rutin menemukan adanya anemia mikrositiknormokromik.Berdasarkan temuan tersebut maka kucing didiagnosis mengalami koinfeksi parasit Ctenocephalides sp.,S. scabiei, dan Toxocara sp.. Penanganan yang diberikan berupa obat kutu spot-on yang mengandung selamectindan sarolanersecara topikalyang diberikan satu kali dalam 28 hari, obat pereda alergi berupa cetirizine5 mg/ekorselama 5 hari PO,dan multivitamin. Berdasarkan pengamatan selama 28 hari, kondisi kucing mengalami perbaikan secara klinisyang ditunjukkan dengan hilangnya krusta dan kemerahan pada kulit, hilangnya responsmenggaruk, serta tumbuhnya rambut pada area yang mengalami alopesia.
Laporan Kasus: Infeksi Berat Toksokariosis pada Kucing Dewasa
Authors: Medha Putu Kresna , Jayanti Putu Devi , Putriningsih Putu Ayu Sisyawati
Published: December 2024

Toksokariosisadalahsalah satu penyakit zoonosis parasitikpada kucingyang disebabkan oleh cacing Toxocara sp..Gejala umum toksokariosisyang dialami pada kucing berupa anoreksia, muntah, rambut rontok, dan abdomen yang membesar.Tujuan dari penulisan ini adalah untuk melaporkan kejadian toksokariosis pada kucing serta penanganannya.Kucing kasus merupakan kucing raspersia yang bernama Momo,berumur10 tahun, mengalami diare sejak satu tahun yang lalu sampai sekarang. Menurut pemilik, kucing kasus pernah memakan tikus, ular, dan bajing. Hasil pemeriksaan fisik menunjukkan rambut tampak kusam, kusut, dan kotor, kedua telinga terdapat kotoran hitam, adanya bercak diare di area anus, dan saat dilakukan auskultasi terdapatpeningkatan suara borborygmus. Hasil pemeriksaan feses dengan metode natif, sedimen, dan apung,serta pemeriksaan Egg Per Gram(EPG)pada tinja,ditemukan telur cacing Toxocara sebanyak 17.400butir telur per gram. Hal tersebutmenunjukkan adanya infeksi cacing Toxocara sp.dengan derajat infeksi berat. Oleh karena itu, kucing kasus dapat didiagnosis mengalami toksokariosis.Pengobatan yang diberikan pada kucing kasus adalah pengobatan kausatif berupa antelmintik albendazoledengan dosis 50 mg/kg BBselama 21 hari dan pengobatan suportif probiotik Lacto-B 1g/hari selama tujuh hari. Hasil pemeriksaan feses pascaterapi melalui metode natif, sedimen, apung, maupun EPG menunjukkan kucing kasussudah sembuh dari infeksi cacing. Namun, kucing kasus masih mengalami gejala diarewalau tidak separah sebelum diberikan pengobatankarena efek samping dari pengobatan.Albendazoledipilih dalam pengobatan kasus inidikarenakan obat ini tidak hanya membunuh cacing dewasa, tetapijuga telurnya.
Kajian Pustaka: Infeksi Virus Diare Ganas Menular pada Sapi
Authors: Saputra Made Gede Adi Surya , Liady Nethania , Indayani Lily Sin Ina , Suryaningrat I Made Anom , Simanjutak Divina GraciaAviela , Hutabarat Rinaldi , Batan I Wayan
Published: December 2024

Bovine viral diarrheavirus(BVDV) adalah Pestivirusdalam keluarga Flaviviridae, yang berkerabat dekat dengan virus classical swine fever dan virus ovine border disease. Terdapat duagenotipe BVDV dan beberapa subgenotipe. Sapi dari segala umur rentan terhadap infeksi BVDV. Infeksi BVDV menimbulkan berbagai manifestasi klinis, diantaranyapenyakit enterik dan penyakit pernapasan pada semua kelas sapi, serta gangguanreproduksi dankelainanpadajanin pada sapi betina yang rentan. Gangguan yang disebabkan olehinfeksi BVDV terbagi menjadi dua genotipe,yaituBVDVtipe 1 dan BVDV tipe 2. Keduanya diidentifikasi sebagai spesies berbeda dalam genus ini, dan setelahklasifikasi lebih lanjutdiklasifikasikansebagai non-sitopatik(NCP) dan sitopatik (CP).Agen BVDVnon-sitopatikdidugamenyebabkaninfeksi akut dan dapat ditularkan melalui berbagai cairan tubuh, termasuk sekresi hidung, urin, susu, air mani, air liur, air mata, dan cairan janin.Namun, eksperimen telah menunjukan bahwa agen BVDVsitopatik juga dapatmenyebabkan infeksi akut. Infeksi akut dapat menyebabkanviremia temporeryang dimulai tiga hari setelah infeksi dan berlangsung hinggaimunitas terhadap BVDV terbentuk.InfeksiBVDV padafetus dapatmenyebabkan imunotoleransidan infeksi persisten (IP).Mucosal disease adalah kelanjutan dari infeksi persisten yang disebabkan olehgalur NCPBVDV, yangdiikuti oleh infeksipostnatalberikutnya oleh galurCPdari virus yang berkerabat dekat atau homolog. Diagnosis BVDV dapat ditegakkan dengan berbagai pemeriksaan antara lain menggunakanenzyme-linked immunosorbent assay(ELISA), antigen-capture enzyme(ACE)-linked immunosorbent assay, dan immunohistochemistry (IHC). Vaksin BVDV dapat diberikan pada sapi sebagai tindakan pencegahan dan pengendalian infeksi BVDV akut.
Pengembangan E-LKPD Berbasis Somatic Auditory Visualizyion Intellectualy Menggunakan Live worksheet Pada Materi Suhu dan Kalor
Authors: Ayaa Wiltia , Rahmi Aidhia , Anaperta Megasyani
Published: December 2024

In learning physics, students are less enthusiastic and less active when studying physics. This is because the teaching materials used by students are not in accordance with the students' learning styles and the LKPD used by educators during the learning process does not attract students' interest in learning because it only displays pictures and questions. The aim of this research is to Develop an E-LKPD based on Somatic Auditory Visualization Intellectualy using live worksheets on heat material in class XI SMA that is valid and practical. This type of research is 4D model development research which has four stages, namely: Define, Design, Development and Disseminate. The subjects in this research were 33 educators and students in class XI of the UNP Laboratory Development High School, Padang City. The instruments used in this research were a validity questionnaire and a practicality questionnaire.  Then the data that has been obtained is analyzed to see the validity and practicality of the teaching materials. Based on the results of data analysis, it was found that the E-LKPD based on Somatic Auditory Visualization Intellectualy using live worksheets developed was categorized as very valid with an overall average of 86.5%. Apart from that, teaching materials are categorized as very partial with an overall average of 94.16%
Analisis Penerapan Vektor 2D Menggunakan Laboratorium Virtual PhET
Authors: Warsih Dewinta , Malik Adam
Published: December 2024

Physics explores natural phenomena ranging from everyday experiences to abstract concepts, with vectors being a fundamental component essential for analyzing motion and other physical occurrences. Vectors, defined by their magnitude and direction, are key to describing various phenomena such as force, speed, and acceleration. Utilizing virtual laboratories like PhET offers an excellent opportunity to enhance understanding of vector concepts through interactive simulations. This research focuses on the application of 2D vectors using the PhET virtual laboratory. The research methods include quantitative experiments, where participants engage with vector simulations in a virtual environment. The results indicate that variations in the angle and magnitude of vectors significantly impact the resultant vector's value. These interactive simulations allow for real-time visualization and manipulation of parameters, leading to a deeper comprehension of the subject. Despite some limitations, including the necessity for technological access and the potential for oversimplifying physical phenomena, the benefits of these simulations make them invaluable tools for teaching and research in vector studies. Overall, PhET simulations accelerate the learning process, providing students with a richer and more practical experience to better grasp vector concepts.
ANALISIS CURAH HUJAN EKSTREM DI KEPULAUAN MALUKU DAN HUBUNGANNYA DENGAN FENOMENA ENSO
Authors: Khofaria Hafizhu , Iskandar Iskhaq , Suhadi
Published: December 2024

Global climate anomalies can cause extreme climates, especially in Indonesia, one of which includes extreme rainfall events. Rainfall in Indonesia itself is coherent and correlated with ENSO variations in the Pacific Ocean. Apart from the influence of ENSO, there are other influences such as regional, local factors and regional topography which also greatly determine the characteristics of rainfall, especially in the Maluku Islands which have different rainfall patterns from other areas in Indonesia. The complex phenomena that influence rainfall in the Maluku region attract the attention of researchers to analyze extreme rainfall patterns and their relationship to ENSO relationships. This research uses daily rainfall data at BMKG and Metomanz stations from 1992 to 2022 for 30 years, and uses a simple linear regression method obtained from the results of ERA 5 reanalysis data with BMKG data, at stations that do not have complete data for 30 years. This research was conducted using the Mann-Kendall and Sen's Slope methods. The Mann-Kendall method is used to determine the degree of significance and change in positive or negative direction. Meanwhile, the Sen's Slope Method is used to determine the magnitude of the linear slope of the resulting trend. Extreme climate patterns in the Maluku Islands are influenced by the ENSO phenomenon and geographical conditions of the region. There are significant trend changes in CDD, CWD, and PRCPTOT. The Rnmm index is divided into three index limits (R20mm, R15mm, and R10mm).  Increasing trends of CDD, CWD, PRCPTOT, occurred sequentially at Mathilda Batlayeri, Kuffar, Bandaneira stations. The Rnmm index is divided into three index limits R20mm, R15mm, and R10mm and there is a sequential increasing trend at Bandaneira, Namlea and Mathilda Batlayeri stations
Küçükbaş hayvanlardan elde edilen ürünlerde gıda güvenliği bilinci ve tüketici davranışlarının incelenmesi
Authors: Şenyüz Elif , Tüfekci Hacer
Published: December 2024

Amaç: Bu çalışmada Yozgat ilinde küçükbaş hayvanlardan elde edilen ürünlerde gıda güvenliği bilinci ve tüketici davranışlarının incelenmesi amaçlanmıştır.
Materyal ve Yöntem: Araştırmanın ana materyalini, Yozgat ilinde tesadüfi olarak belirlenen tüketicilerden anket yoluyla elde edilen orijinal veriler oluşturmaktadır.
Araştırma Bulguları: Katılımcıların %96.7’si gıda alışverişi yaparken gıda güvenliği konusuna önem verdiğini bildirmiştir. Ayrıca katılımcıların %85.7’si daha önce gıda güvenliği kavramını duyduklarını ve çoğunlukla gıda güvenliği sertifikaları hakkında bilgi sahibi olduklarını bildirmişlerdir. Katılımcıların son yıllarda gıda ürünleri satın alırken gözlemlediği değişimler incelendiğinde; çoğunlukla kalite, tazelik, güvenilirlik, lezzet, dayanıklılık ve verilen promosyonlarda azalma olduğunu belirtirken; fiyat, ambalaj ve etiket bilgilerinin arttığını belirtmişlerdir.
Sonuç: Katılımcıların koyun ve keçi eti tüketimini etkileyen en önemli faktör etin lezzet parametresi olup bunu alışkanlıklar, besin değeri ve sosyal çevre takip etmektedir. Bu durumun nedenleri arasında; katılımcıların koyun etini severek tüketmeleri, damak tadı ve bölgede arazi yapısının küçükbaş hayvan yetiştiriciliğine uygun olması ile yaygın olarak küçükbaş hayvan yetiştiriciliğinin yapılması ön plana çıkmaktadır.
Smallholder commercialization: What drives the household welfare of smallholder rice farmers?
Authors: Ukwuaba Ikenna , Arene Chukwuemeka , Okpukpara Benjamin
Published: December 2024

Objective: The objective of this study was to evaluate the socio-economic and institutional determinants of smallholder rice farmers’ household welfare in Nigeria, one of the countries with extreme cases of multidimensional poverty in the world.
Material and Methods: Multistage sampling techniques were used in the selection of 288 smallholder rice farmers. Primary data was collected from the respondents with a semi-structured questionnaire. The market participation index and ordinary least square regression were the models used to realize the objectives.
Results: It was revealed that the smallholder rice farmers were semi-commercialized with a market participation index of 0.73. The educational level of the household head, household size, access to fertilizer, rice output, the quantity of rice sold, cooperative membership and distance to an established market were identified as the key drivers of smallholder rice farmers’ welfare.
Conclusion: Engagement in the output market impacted positively on the farm income and per capita consumption expenditure, especially among educated smallholder rice farmers who had access to fertilizer and belonged to cooperatives.
Türkiye’de döviz kurunun zirai ilaç tüketimine etkisi: Kesirli-frekanslı Fourier testlerden kanıtlar
Authors: Keskin Ömer
Published: December 2024

Amaç: Bu çalışma, Türkiye’de zirai ilaç tüketiminin döviz kuruyla ilişkisini belirlemeyi amaçlamaktadır.
Materyal ve Yöntem: 1981-2022 dönemine ait yıllık zaman serilerinin kullanıldığı çalışmada öncelikle değişkenlerin durağanlıkları, kesirli-frekanslı Fourier ADF ve geleneksel ADF birim kök testleri uygulanarak sınanmıştır. Daha sonra değişkenler arasında bir eşbütünleşme ilişkisi olup olmadığını saptamak için kesirli-frekanslı Fourier ADL eşbütünleşme testi uygulanmıştır.
Araştırma Bulguları: Birim kök testlerinin sonuçları, değişkenlerin durağanlık düzeylerinin I (1) olduğunu göstermiştir. Eşbütünleşme testinin sonucunda zirai ilaç tüketimiyle döviz kuru arasında negatif bir ilişki olduğu anlaşılmıştır. Buna göre döviz kurunda yaşanan %1’lik yükseliş, zirai ilaç tüketiminde uzun ve kısa dönemde sırasıyla %0.37 ve %0.10 kadar düşüşe neden olmaktadır. Ayrıca çalışmada kurulan hata düzeltme mekanizmasının çalıştığı saptanmıştır.
Sonuç: Türkiye'de zirai ilaç tüketiminde yaşanan değişimin temel dinamiklerinden birinin döviz kurundaki yükseliş olduğu açık bir şekilde söylenebilir. Döviz kurundaki yükseliş, zirai ilaç tüketimini negatif etkilemektedir. Döviz kurundaki aşırı oynaklıkların zirai ilaç tüketimini olumsuz etkilememesi için Türkiye’nin zirai ilaçta dışa bağımlılığı azaltılmalıdır. Bu doğrultuda yerli üretim, teşvik/destek mekanizmaları hayata geçirilerek olabildiğince artırılmalıdır.
Doğal ve kültürel peyzaj değerleri ile alternatif turizm rotaları: Finike, Antalya
Authors: Tunç Tuğba , Yıldırım Emrah
Published: December 2024

Amaç: Alternatif Turizm rotaları, iki veya daha fazla nokta arasında bulunan ve turizme kaynak oluşturan değerlerin bağlantılılığından oluşan sistemi tanımlamaktadır. Bölgedeki turizm ürününe çeşitlilik katmakta; doğal, tarihi, kültürel, sosyal ve estetik değerlerin korunup geliştirilerek çekiciliklerinin devamının hedeflendiği sürdürülebilir turizme imkân sunmaktadır. Çalışmayla zengin peyzaj değerlerine sahip olan Finike’nin doğal ve kültürel peyzaj değerleri analiz edilerek, alternatif turizm rotalarının belirlenmesi hedeflenmiştir.
Materyal ve Yöntem: Çalışma alanı olarak Antalya’nın Finike ilçesi seçilmiştir. Çalışmanın materyalini Finike ilçesinin kültürel ve doğal peyzaj özellikleri oluşturmaktadır. Çalışma yöntemi; peyzaj değerlerinin envanteri, arazi çalışmaları ve gözlem formlarının doldurularak öne çıkan kültürel özellikler, doğal peyzaj özellikleri ile yöreye özgü gelenek-göreneklerin belirlenmesi ve alternatif turizm rotalarının tanımlanması aşamalarından oluşmaktadır.
Araştırma Bulguları: Finike kent merkezinden başlayarak ilçenin uzak mesafelerine kadar turizme kaynak oluşturacak doğal ve kültürel değerler tespit edilmiş ve aralarındaki bağlantılılık kurulmuştur. Likya Yolu gibi mevcut rotalar alternatif faaliyetlerle bütünleştirilirken alternatif turizm rotaları bisiklet, yürüyüş, Yörük göç yolu olarak temalandırılmıştır. Bu kapsamda 2 bisiklet rotası, 2 Yörük göç rotası ve 9 yürüyüş rotası belirlenmiştir.
Sonuç: Çalışma sonuçlarının kitle turizmine alternatif olarak görülen doğa ve kültür turizminin rotalar ve bir sistem dâhilinde değerlendirilmesiyle Finike bölgesinin sürdürülebilir turizm gelişmelerine temel oluşturması, doğal ve kültürel değerler konusundaki farkındalığın artmasına ve korunmasına katkı sunması beklenmektedir.
The endophytic fungus Serendipita indica colonization protects chickpea plants against Fusarium wilt disease
Authors: Pazarlar Sercan , Şimşek Eray
Published: December 2024

Objective: The objective of this study is to assess the efficacy of Serendipita indica, a basidiomycete endophyte, as a biological control agent against Fusarium wilt disease caused by Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. ciceris in disease susceptible chickpea cultivar JG62.
Material and Methods: Chlamydospores of Serendipita indica were applied to the roots of the germinated JG62 variety, followed by inoculation with Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. ciceris race 5 one week after the application. Disease severity and plant fresh weight were measured 25 days after inoculation. The colonization pattern of Serendipita indica and Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. ciceris were monitored by quantifying fungal DNA using qPCR over time. The antagonistic interactions between the fungi were determined using the dual-culture method.
Results: Serendipita indica successfully colonized the chickpea roots leading to a decrease in biomass of Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. ciceris in the roots and diminished the overall symptoms such as wilting and yellowing caused by Fusarium infection. Besides, direct antagonistic effect of Serendipita indica was found against Fusarium in vivo conditions.
Conclusion: These results indicate the potential of Serendipita indica as a biological control agent in developing sustainable strategies for managing Fusarium wilt of chickpea.
Su-enerji-gıda zinciri kavramına dayalı ulusal politikaların belirlenmesi
Authors: Yegül Uğur , Onurbaş Avcıoğlu Ayten
Published: December 2024

Gıda fiyatlarındaki artış, doğal kaynaklardaki azalışın göstergesi olarak kabul edilmektedir. Nüfus artışıyla birlikte su, enerji ve gıda gibi doğal kaynaklara yönelik küresel talebin de artacağı tahmin edilmektedir. Son on yıl içerisinde su-enerji-gıda zinciri ortaya çıkmıştır. Su-enerji-gıda zinciri doğal çevre ve insan faaliyetleri arasındaki etkileşimleri sistematik olarak analiz etmek ve sektörler arasında doğal kaynakların daha koordineli bir yönetimi ve kullanımı için kavramsal bir yaklaşım sunmaktadır. Su-enerji-gıda zinciri ile ilgili çalışmalarda en önemli zorluk, sistemin nasıl temsil edileceği ve izleneceğidir. Bu amaçla enerji, tarım-gıda ve su ile ilgili konuları vurgulayan su-enerji-gıda zinciri ile ilgili ülke düzeyinde gösterge değerlerinin oluşturulması ve bunların izlenmesi gerekmektedir. Bu çalışmada; ilk olarak su-enerji-gıda zinciri hakkında temel bilgiler verilerek aralarındaki ilişkiler incelenmiştir. Makalenin ikinci bölümünde konuyla ilgili bir çalışmaya yer verilerek ülkemizin durumu değerlendirilmiştir. Son bölümde ise su-enerji-gıda zincirinin özellikleri ve gösterge değerlerinden yararlanılarak Ulusal bazda yapılması gereken çalışmalarla ilgili önerilerde bulunulmuştur.
The effect of different light wavelengths and lighting duration on the yield and quality of Pleurotus ostreatus mushroom
Authors: Akkan Taner , Çetin Mehmet , Akkan Lütfiye Özlem
Published: December 2024

Objective: The study investigated the effect of period of lighting or lighting duration at different wavelengths on the yield and quality of Pleurotus ostreatus mushroom.
Materials and Methods: In order to realise this objective, four light colours representing different wavelengths during the production process were applied to the mushrooms using a microcontroller-based automation system with determined time intervals.
Results: Different wavelengths of visible light had no significant effect on the yield and earliness of Pleurotus ostreatus mushrooms, but blue light affected fruiting body size.
Conclusion: Mushroom quality can be improved by lighting duration of appropriate colour. More detailed studies are needed to determine the effects of different wavelengths on mushroom nutrients and bioactive content.
Prevalence of Jaw Tori Among Yemeni Population at UST-Aden Dental Clinic
Authors: Rageh Omar Abdullah , Al-Amery Samah  M. , Muthanna Fares M.S , Karimi Nada Yahya Ali , Gaber Rim Kamal Abdullah , Alkhalify Atwa Salem Awad , Mohammed Sarah Ahmed Abdulrahman , Qaid Abrar Ameen Awass , Abbas Hagar Abdulfattah , Ali Shadha Ahmed , Al-kubati Taif Fahd Manea , Abass Rawan fouad mohammed , Naji Rania Abdu Saif , Homadi Asalah Abdo Albaset , Aldubai Amira Adel Hasan Yaseen
Published: December 2024

Abstract                        
Background
The tori are benign bony exostosis that normally appear during the adults' age. They are composed of compressed bone and limited vascularized mucosa. Tori can meddle   of hard    palate (torus palatinus, TP) or the lingual aspect of the mandible (torus mandibularis, TM).
Objective
Aim of study till date, no study has been carried out to estimate the prevalence of TP and TM with respect to age-group and sex in Yemeni population.
Method and materials
A pilot study was conducted at the University of Science and Technology-Aden dental clinic in Aden, Yemen, from March 2024 to May 2024. Ethical approval and written informed consent were obtained from 250 participants, determining tori presence through clinical examination and palpation.
Results
The study found that 30.4% of patients had jaw tori, with female patients having a higher percentage of palatine tori (5.3%) and male patients having a higher percentage of mandibular tori (2.8%). The most common form was the flat shape, with the lowest prevalence among individuals under 20.
Hurdle Technology Prototype to Reduce Microbial Load in Clarified Citrus Juice
Authors: Sasi Abhinav , Zainy N. K. Ahammed , John Alan , Shaji Ansa , Anujeslet V. V. , Mohan Jithin , K. Salu Arya , Bai Sasmila , Ajay R.
Published: December 2024

Hurdle technology is a food preservation approach that involves combining multiple preservation factors or hurdles to prevent the growth of microorganisms, enzymatic reactions, and other deteriorative processes in food. By employing several hurdles simultaneously, each set at sub-lethal levels, the overall effectiveness of preservation is enhanced. To enhance the microbial safety of clarified citrus juices by employing a combined treatment involving ultraviolet (UV) irradiation, ozone application, and light-emitting diode (LED) technology. Clarified citrus juices, known for their susceptibility to microbial contamination, pose challenges in maintaining microbial safety while preserving their fresh attributes. In this research, a multi-hurdle strategy was implemented, harnessing the synergistic effects of UV, ozone, and LED treatments. The UV component of the process aims to disrupt the DNA structure of microorganisms, hindering their ability to replicate. Simultaneously, ozone, a powerful oxidizing agent, contributes to the elimination of pathogenic microorganisms and spoilage agents. The incorporation of LED technology enhances the microbial reduction process by providing targeted light wavelengths that further contribute to microbial inactivation.
Influence of Fipronil 5% SC on Nucleic Acids (DNA & RNA) Content in Different Organs of Freshwater Fish Catla catla
Authors: Prathakota Harinath , Anitha Smruthi Chittakula , Vijayalakshmi Mangali , Venkatarathnamma V.
Published: December 2024

Nucleic acids are long-chain polymeric molecules, the monomer (the repeating unit) is known as the nucleotides and hence sometimes nucleic acids are referred to as polynucleotides. Pesticides effects on nucleic acids function. Fipronil 5% SC is a broad-spectrum phenyl pyrazole insecticide. In the present study decreased levels of DNA & RNA were observed in all the tissues of freshwater fish Catla catla exposed to 24 hrs lethal and sub lethal & 5days, 10 days sublethal concentrations of Fipronil 5% SC. Pesticides are potential inhibitors of DNA synthesis, which might result in reduction of RNA level. Because of electrophilic nature, the pesticide may attack many enzymes responsible for normal metabolic pathway.
Assessment of Genetic Variability, Heritability and Genetic Advance for Yield and Associated Traits in F4 and F5 Generations of Okra [Abelmoschus esculentus (L.) Moench]
Authors: Devanand Satpute Vaibhav , Sambhaji Jagtap Venkat , Diwakar Bele Pallavi , Pradeep Nerkar Abha , Nagorao Gavhale Kirti , Dipak Wandhare Sakshi
Published: December 2024

The present investigation was conducted at the experimental research farm of the Department of Horticulture, College of Agriculture, Latur, during the rabi season of 2022 (selfing) and the kharif season of 2023 (evaluation). The study aimed to explore the genetic characteristics of the F4 and F5 generations of Okra [Abelmoschus esculentus (L.) Moench] derived from three crosses, employing a Randomized Block Design with two replications. Analysis of quantitative traits revealed that the genotypic coefficients of variation were consistently lower than the phenotypic coefficients, underscoring a pronounced environmental influence on trait expression. High magnitude of both genotypic and phenotypic coefficients of variation for number of branches per plant, number of nodes per plant, fruit yield per plant, fruit yield per plot, and fruit yield per hectare. High heritability coupled with substantial genetic advance for plant height (cm), fruit yield per hectare (q) indicated the involvement of additive gene action and more chances of fixing by selection to improve such traits in the F4 and F5 generations of the cross Kashi Pragati × Varsha Uphar (C-2: P3 × P2). These findings are detailed in Tables 1 and 2.
Effect of Supplementation of Poha Mill Waste on Growth Performance of Grampriya Poultry Birds
Authors: Sangram Laxman Barkade , Chauhan D. S. , Eerabattini S. S. , Malve M. S. , Tayade M. G.
Published: December 2024

A study was conducted for the estimation of Effect of Supplementation of poha Mill Waste on Growth Performance of Grampriya Poultry birds. The average initial body weight day old experimental chicks in different treatments i.e. T1, T2, T3 and T4 groups were found as 32.50, 32.12, 32.25 and 32.34 g, respectively. The average body weight of experimental chicks at 10th week was 1357.50, 1410.36, 1573.52 and 1464.81 g respectively. The weekly body weight changes of chicks indicated no significant difference among various treatment groups during the first week of the experiment. At the end of the tenth week, significantly (P3 (1573.52 g) group was recorded. The weekly live body weight gain of chicks indicated no significant difference among various treatment groups during the first week of the experiment. There is significant (P<0.05) difference among the treatments from second week onwards. In the tenth week, significantly (P3 was recorded. The overall average feed intake of the birds during experiment for treatment T1, T2, T3 and T4 were 3542.91, 3369.99, 3301.70 and 3356.13 g, respectively. However, the difference was significant of the feed consumption in all the treatment groups during experimental period of ten weeks. The average feed intake of the birds at tenth weeks of age during experiment for treatment T0, T1, T2 and T3 were 573.40, 562.99, 555.71 and 568.55 g, respectively. However, the difference was significant of the feed intake in all the treatment groups for the entire experimental period. All treatments were significant during upto ten week’s period. Statistically the significant (P1, T2, T3 and T4 were 2.89, 2.54, 2.27 and 2.65 respectively. Statistically better FCR was recorded in T3 treatment as compared to other treatments.
Effect of Pre Harvest Application of Growth Substances on Storage Life of Garlic
Authors: A. Dahule Khushali , Sonkamble A. M. , Ghawade S. M. , Bawkar S. O. , Jadhao S. D.
Published: December 2024

The study investigated the effect of growth substances on the storage life of garlic conducted during the year 2022-2023 at the Department of Vegetable Science, Dr. Panjabrao Deshmukh Krishi Vidyapeeth, Akola. Ten pre-harvest treatments including Cycocel at 500, 1000, and 1500 ppm; Brassinolide at 0.25, 0.50, and 1.00 ppm; and Paclobutrazol at 500, 1000 and 1500 ppm; and a control treatment, all replicated thrice in a Randomized Block Design (RBD) were sprayed 20 and 30 days before the harvest of a garlic crop. Among the treatments, minimum physiological loss in weight (19.42 %), sprouting (0.57 %), total losses (34.82 %) and maximum Marketable bulbs (65.18 %) were obtained with the pre harvest spray of T2 (CCC @ 1000) ppm after six months of storage study. Notably, the CCC at 1000 ppm treatment minimized storage losses as compared to the control, effectively maintaining the post-harvest quality of garlic.
Effect of Supplementation of Poha Mill Waste on Dressing Percentage, Sensory and Economics of Grampriya Poultry Birds
Authors: Sangram Laxman Barkade , Chauhan D. S. , Gaikwad B. S. , Sutar S. B. , Dabhekar A. G.
Published: December 2024

A study was conducted for the estimation of Effect of Supplementation of poha Mill Waste on Dressing percentage, sensory and economics of Grampriya Poultry birds. The average dressing percentage among different treatment groups varied between 68.21% and 70.75%. A significant difference found among all the treatment groups. The maximum dressing yield was observed in T3 bird fed 10% PMW (70.75%), followed by T2 i.e. 5% PMW (69.31), T4 i.e. 15% PMW (69.18) and lowest dressing yield i.e. 68.21% was found in control.Sensory scores for appearance and colour, tenderness, flavour, juiciness, texture and overall acceptability for the 10 per cent Poha Mill Waste group were higher than the other group. statistically no significant (P<0.05) difference was noticed between the treatments for different parameters viz., appearance and colour, flavor and and overall acceptability However, statistically shows significant (P<0.05) difference was noticed between the treatments for different parameters viz., tenderness, juiciness and texture. The maximum overall acceptability was observed in T3 bird fed 10% PMW (8.76), followed by T4 i.e. 15% PMW (8.34), T2 i.e. 5% PMW (8.23) and lowest i.e. 7.95 was found in control. The net cost of production per bird was Rs. 176.68, 173.12, 173.64 and 179.30 for treatment groups T1, T2, T3 and T4 respectively. By considering the selling price of broilers at Rs.150 per kg on live body weight basis, the net profit per kg were Rs. 26.94, 38.43, 62.38, and 40.42 for the treatment T1, T2, T3 and T4.
Effect of Natural Preservatives and Thermal Processing on the Microbiological and Physicochemical Properties of Chicken Sausage during Cold Storage
Authors: Diantom Agoura , Akwa Nerine , Hoekou Yao , Akakpo Akpéné , Djeri Bouraïma , Karou Damintoti
Published: December 2024

Poultry meat is gaining popularity because of its competitive price, short growing period, positive nutritional image. In order to fulfil consumer’s desire for healthier meat product, local chickens were used to processed chicken sausage using local spices. Two different samples unpasteurized and pasteurized sausage were successfully processed. Physicochemical and microbiological analysis were carried out during cold storage. The pH of the chicken thigh, chicken breast, pasteurized and unpasteurized sausage ranged from 5.96 to 6.09. Dry matter, ash content, liquid content and protein content was recorded as 32.86±4.6, 1.73±0.4, 23.51±3.3, 16.68±0.11 respectively for pasteurized sample and 33.57±1.71, 1.82±0.21, 29.66±3.35, 17.28±0.46 for the unpasteurized sample. Microbiological evaluation for the pasteurized and unpasteurized sample over 45 days heighted the effect of natural spices and the thermal treatment. Enterotoxigenic Staphylococcus aureus, ASR bacteria and salmonella were not detected in all samples. These results successfully created a standardized method of sausage formulation using natural spices as preservatives and which can easily be adopted by households.
Nanomedicine-Driven Advances: Enhancing Checkpoint Inhibition and CAR-T Therapies in Cancer Immunotherapy
Authors: Meneses do Rêgo Amália Cinthia , Araújo Filho Irami
Published: December 2024

Cancer immunotherapy has revolutionized oncological treatment, offering patients improved survival and quality of life. However, tumor heterogeneity, immune evasion, and treatment toxicity hinder its full potential. Nanomedicine provides innovative solutions to these challenges by enhancing immunotherapeutic strategies' efficacy, specificity, and safety. This review explores current advances in the application of nanomaterials in cancer immunotherapy, focusing on their role in personalized approaches, multifunctional therapeutic modalities, biocompatibility considerations, and enhancement of the enhanced permeability and retention (EPR) effect. Critical developments in bioinspired and stimuli-responsive nanotechnologies are discussed, emphasizing their ability to modulate the tumor microenvironment (TME), improve drug delivery, and facilitate combination therapies. The review also addresses translational challenges, regulatory considerations, and clinical advancements, highlighting examples from recent clinical trials and emerging technologies. Personalized nanomedicine enables the design of tailored therapeutic agents targeting tumors, reducing off-target effects and maximizing therapeutic efficacy. Multifunctional nanomaterials facilitate synergistic effects when combining photothermal, photodynamic, chemotherapeutic, and immunotherapeutic modalities. While promising, toxicity, biodegradability, and long-term safety issues necessitate standardized evaluation protocols for clinical translation. Advancements in stimuli-responsive nanomaterials and immune checkpoint inhibitors contribute to developing next-generation cancer immunotherapies with improved outcomes. This review provides a comprehensive overview of nanomedicine's current landscape, challenges, and future perspectives in cancer immunotherapy, advocating for further research to address the existing gaps and optimize clinical applications.
Effect of Different Media on the Rootstock Growth of Rangpur Lime (Citrus limonia Osbeck) Seedlings
Authors: Ghanashyam Madane Amruta , Gholap S. V. , Suresh Gawande Priya , Bharad S. G. , Raut U. A. , S. Raut Bhagyashri
Published: December 2024

The present investigation entitled “Effect of different media on the rootstock growth of Rangpur lime (Citrus limonia Osbeck) seedlings” was carried out at Fruit Nursery, Department of Fruit Science, Dr. Panjabrao Deshmukh Krishi Vidyapeeth, Akola, during the year 2023-24 with the objective to study the effect of different media on growth of Rangpur lime. The Rangpur lime crop was used to grown and treatment was replicated three times in Randomized Block Design. In an investigation there were nine treatment of growing media i.e., T1 - Vermicompost : FYM : Fly Ash, T2 - Leaf Mould : FYM : Fly Ash, T3- Cocopeat : FYM : Fly Ash, T4 - Cocopeat : Vermicompost : Fly Ash, T5 - Vermicompost : Leaf Mould : Fly Ash, T6- Cocopeat : Leaf Mould : Fly Ash, T7- Vermicompost : FYM : Cocopeat : Fly Ash, T8 - Vermicompost : FYM : Leaf Mould : Fly Ash, T9 - Soil : Silt : FYM (Control). The seedling growth parameters i.e., height of Rangpur lime rootstock (cm), number of leaves per seedling, leaf area per seedling (cm2), stem diameter of Rangpur lime (mm), root length (cm), fresh root biomass (g), fresh plant biomass (g), fresh weight of root and plant (g), dry weight of root and plant (g) this all observations are taken after transplanting and this were significantly superior in the treatment T7- Vermicompost : FYM : Cocopeat : Fly Ash (1:1:1:1), it was observed that the height of the Rangpur lime rootstock (58.48 cm), number of leaves per seedling of Rangpur lime (58.87), leaf area per seedling (31.20 cm²) and stem diameter of Rangpur lime (6.97 mm) all showed superior performance compared to other treatments which was observed 150 DAT. After 150 DAT observations of Rangpur lime rootstock were recorded i.e. root length (24.38 cm), fresh root biomass (5.40 g), fresh plant biomass (24.37 g), fresh weight of root and plant (29.36 g) and dry weight of root and plant (20.76 g).