bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
TÜRKİYE’NİN SAĞLIK GÖSTERGELERİ AÇISINDAN KÜMELENMESİ VE PERFORMANS ANALİZİ
Authors: EREN Hande , ÖMÜRBEK Nuri
Published: September 2019

Çok değişkenli analiz tekniklerinden biri olan kümeleme analizinin öncelikli amacı, gruplanmamış verileri benzerliklerine göre gruplandırarak araştırmacıya özet bilgiler sunmaktır. Bu çalışma kapsamında Türkiye’de yer alan 81 il, 22 sağlık değişkeni açısından sınıflandırılmıştır. Türkiye’nin sağlık göstergeleri açısından bölgelere ayrılarak bu bölgelerdeki illerin belirlenmesi ve bu bölgelerin performanslarının değerlendirilmesi çalışmanın temel amacıdır. Bu noktadan hareketle 81 il sağlık yapılarına göre kümelere ayrılmıştır. Ardından bu kümeler Çok Kriterli Karar Verme yöntemlerinden biri olan MULTIMOORA yöntemi ile en iyiden en kötüye doğru sıralanmıştır. Bu sayede analiz sonucu elde edilen kümeler bu yöntemle desteklenmiş ve çalışmanın güvenilirliği artmıştır.
Development and Evaluation of a Reynolds-Averaged Navier-Stokes Solver in WindNinja for Operational Wildland Fire Applications
Authors: Wagenbrenner Natalie S. , Forthofer Jason M. , Page Wesley G. , Butler Bret W.
Published: September 2019

An open source computational fluid dynamics (CFD) solver has been incorporated into the WindNinja modeling framework widely used by wildland fire managers as well as researchers and practitioners in other fields, such as wind energy, wind erosion, and search and rescue. Here we describe incorporation of the CFD solver and evaluate its performance compared to the conservation of mass (COM) solver in WindNinja and previously published large-eddy simulations (LES) for three field campaigns conducted over isolated terrain obstacles of varying terrain complexity: Askervein Hill, Bolund Hill, and Big Southern Butte. We also compare the effects of two important model settings in the CFD solver and provide guidance on model sensitivity to these settings. Additionally, we investigate the computational mesh and difficulties regarding terrain representation. Two important findings from this work are: (1) the choice of discretization scheme for advection has a significantly larger effect on the simulated winds than the choice of turbulence model and (2) CFD solver predictions are significantly better than the COM solver predictions at windward and lee side observation locations, but no difference was found in predicted speed-up at ridgetop locations between the two solvers.
Immunotherapy of Hepatocellular Carcinoma with Magnetic PD-1 Peptide-Imprinted Polymer Nanocomposite and Natural Killer Cells
Authors: Lee Mei-Hwa , Liu Kaihsi , Thomas James L. , Chen Jyun-Ren , Lin Hung-Yin
Published: September 2019

Programmed cell death protein 1 (PD-1) is a biomarker on the surface of cells that has a role in promoting self-tolerance by suppressing the inflammatory activity of T cells. In this work, one peptide of PD-1 was used as the template in molecular imprinting. The magnetic peptide-imprinted poly(ethylene-co-vinyl alcohol) composite nanoparticles (MPIP NPs) were characterized by dynamic light scattering (DLS), high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC), Brunauer-Emmett-Teller (BET) analysis and superconducting quantum interference device (SQUID) analysis. Natural killer-92 (NK-92) cells were added to these composite nanoparticles and then incubated with human hepatoma (HepG2) cells. The viability and apoptosis pathway of HepG2 were then studied using cell counting kit-8 (CCK8) and the quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR), respectively. These nanoparticles were found significantly enhance the activity of natural killer cells toward HepG2 cells by increasing expression of NK-kB, caspase 8 and especially caspase 3.
Therapeutic Targeting of Cancer Stem Cells in Human Glioblastoma by Manipulating the Renin-angiotensin System
Authors: Tan David C.H. , Roth Imogen , Wickremesekera Agadha , Davis Paul F. , Kaye Andrew H. , Mantamadiotis Theo , Stylli Stanley S. , Tan Swee T.
Published: September 2019

Patients with glioblastoma (GB), a highly aggressive brain tumor, have a median survival of 14.6 months following neurosurgical resection with adjuvant chemoradiotherapy. Quiescent GB cancer stem cells (CSCs) invariably cause local recurrence. These GB CSCs that can be identified by embryonic stem cell markers express components of the renin-angiotensin system and are associated with circulating CSCs. Despite the presence of circulating CSCs, GB rarely develops distant metastasis outside the central nervous system. This paper reviews the current literature on GB growth inhibition in relation to CSCs, circulating CSCs, the RAS and the novel therapeutic approach by repurposing drugs that target the renin-angiotensin system to improve overall symptom-free survival and maintain quality of life.
COMPOSITE OF CHITOSAN VANILIN / SULFONATED POLYSTYRENE AS POLYMER ELECTROLYTE MEMBRANES : CATIONIC EXCHANGE CAPACITY, SWELLING DEGREE AND THERMAL PROPERTIES
Authors: Pramono Edi , Purnawan Candra , Hidayat Yuniawan , Wulansari Jati , Wahyuningsih Sayekti
Published: September 2019

Research on the preparation and characterization of sulfonated polystyrene (PST) /chitosan vanillin (KV) composite as electrolyte membranes has been conducted in order to investigate the effect of PST and KV composition  to its chemical and physical properties. Polystyrene was modified by sulfonation reaction to produces PST, meanwhile chitosan was modified by schift base reaction to produces KV. The composite membranes were prepared by casting method and were characterized in order to identify the functional groups contained in the composite, the cation exchange capacity (CEC), the Swelling Degree (SD), the thermal properties and the morphology. The peak of imine vibration in the FTIR spectrum indicates that the chitosan vanilin was succesfully synthesized. Meanwhile, the peak of sulfonate vibration indicates the product of sulfonation on polystyrene. The result of CEC analysis shows that the addition of sulfonate groups on polystyrene and the addition of phenolic groups on chitosan increase the CEC value. The increasing of PST and KV concentration in membrane enhance the CEC value. However, the increasing of PST concentration in membrane composition even decrease the Swelling Degree of membranes. Meanwhile, the increasing of KV concentration increase the swelling degree of membranes. Thermal analysis shows that the thermal decomposition of membranes occurs in three stages i.e. the dehydration of water molecules, the degradation of the subtituen groups and the plasticizer and the degradation of the back bone of chitosan and polystyrene.
SOLVENT FREE SYNTHESIS OF CHALCONE AS ANTIBACTERIAL SUBSTANCE
Authors: Prabawati Susy Yunita , Khusnuryani Arifah , Khamidinal Khamidinal
Published: September 2019

The aims of this study was to synthesize a compound of 3-methoxy-4-hydroxychalcone through Claisen-Schmidt condensation with grinding technique (solvent-free). Vanillin, acetophenone and 60 % NaOH catalyst used in this synthesis. Characterization of products was done with a spectrophotometer FTIR and 1H-NMR spectrometer. The  product was obtained as a orange solid which has a melting point at    58 - 59 ˚C. Identification of the product by IR spectrophotometer showed the absorption of  C=C in the wavenumber of 1496.76 cm-1 which confirmed that the hydration reaction of chalcone had occurred. Analysis using 1H-NMR spectrometer also showed the proton of the CH=CH appearing on chemical shift (δ) 7.99 ppm. The antibacterial activity test showed that the compounds of 3-methoxy-4- hydroxychalcone has a potential as an antibacterial against bacteria E. coli and B. subtilis.
The Correlation and Regression Analysis of The Growth and Physiological Parameters: How Paclobutrazol Increases Bulb Yield on Three Cultivars of True Shallot Seed
Authors: Elizani Prahesti , Sulistyaningsih Endang
Published: September 2019

True Shallot Seed (TSS) is a planting material for shallots in the forms of seeds. It shows a visual appearance of the fresh green shoot even though in the harvest season. This condition indicates that TSS still has potential assimilates which should be optimized for bulbs formation. Paclobutrazol is increasing assimilate translocation from source to sink by activating the sucrose transporter enzyme and changing the phytohormones balance. The study aimed to find out how paclobutrazol increased bulb yield on TSS by analyzing the closeness in the relationship between and the influence of physiological property variables and growth analysis. The study was conducted at Gadjah Mada University experimental field, Yogyakarta, from September to November 2017. It was arranged in a Randomized Complete Block Design with three replications. The first factor included the paclobutrazol concentration (0, 15, 30 and 45 mg L-1), while the second one included TSS cultivars (Tuk Tuk, Sanren and Lokananta). Correlation and regression were used in the data analysis. The results revealed that paclobutrazol significantly affected the physiological properties and the growth of TSS, instead of cultivars. Regression analysis showed that the effect of the concentration of the applied paclobutrazol formed quadratic pattern, where most observed variables had a positive correlation with shallot productivity. Paclobutrazol increased bulb yield by maintaining shoot biomass duration (SBD) and chlorophyll content which had a positive and linear effect on plant growth rate (PGR). The PGR might increase bulb yield per planting hole and indirectly increase its productivity. Paclobutrazol application at 15-30 mg L-1 could be used to improve bulb yield in TSS.
A Discussion on the Nation’s Command and Coordination Regarding Emergency Fire Response Teams
Authors: Murota Tetsuo , Takeda Fumio ,   Graduate School of Governance Studies, Meiji University 1-1 Kandasurugadai, Chiyoda-ku, Tokyo 101-8301, Japan,   National Graduate Institute for Policy Studies, Tokyo, Japan
Published: September 2019

Emergency Fire Response Teams (EFRTs) are units dispatched from all over Japan on the request or instruction of the Commissioner of the Fire and Disaster Management Agency. These are used as fire service support for large-scale disasters that cannot be handled solely by the firefighting capacity of the disaster-stricken area. For the EFRTs to respond rapidly and accurately to changing situations in the event of national emergencies, such as massive or extremely special types of disasters, it is important to logistically coordinate their dispatch, advancement/transfer, onsite activities, and logistic support from a nationwide perspective, which in turn requires that the national government’s command and coordination functions be strengthened. In this paper, we first review the issues of the EFRTs that became apparent through the Great East Japan Earthquake, the undertakings that followed, and the discussion conducted at the Fire and Disaster Management Council surrounding the direction to be taken with regard to wide-area command and coordination. We then review the government plans related to fire service support activities, including EFRT dispatch, premised on the Nankai Trough Earthquake and nuclear emergencies as examples of national emergency disasters. Finally, we point out the need to strengthen the national government’s command and coordination functions over the EFRTs, to allow them to respond rapidly and accurately according to government plans in the event of a national emergency disaster. We likewise discuss the institutional measures necessary to achieve this end.
Crossing Boundaries: Images of Christina of Markyate in the St. Albans Psalter
Authors: Hickey Carolyn Ann
Published: September 2019

The St. Albans Psalter is an English illuminated manuscript dating back to the twelfth  century. The psalter has been connected to Christina of Markyate, a twelfth-century anchoress,  for whom the work appears to have been made. Many images in the St. Albans Psalter depict the biblical figure Mary Magdalene, who is seen interacting with the boundaries of the colourful illustration. This article will study the images of Mary Magdalene in the St. Albans Psalter and will seek to re-evaluate her spiritual relationship with the twelfth-century recluse Christina of Markyate. Although the connection between Christina and Mary Magdelene has been recognized and reassessed, this study offers a contemporary outlook on the visual iconography, suggesting that this relationship is, in fact, far closer than previously demonstrated. By analyzing images in which the hand of Mary Magdalene crosses illustrated boundaries, this study will demonstrate the connection between these instances and Christina’s isolation within the boundaries of her anchoritic hold.
The genetic factors involved in functional food efficacy on cardiovascular disease etiology
Authors: Siddiqi Maarij
Published: September 2019

While the impacts of modifiable and non-modifiable risk factors on chronic diseases such as cardiovascular disease (CVD) are widely established, the interactions between such coexisting risk factors and their subsequent effects on the promotion or suppression of CVD are less known. As part of the diet, functional foods are considered a modifiable factor that influence health beyond their basic nutritional value. The relationship between these functional foods and the underlying genome, along with their joint implication in health and disease, forms the focus of the emerging field of nutrigenomics. Reviewed in this paper are some prominent gene-diet interactions demonstrated in CVD etiology. Specifically, the interaction between foods such as phytosterols and isoflavones with genetic factors of the consuming population are examined in relation to CVD. By determining how nutritional intake affects genetics and vice versa, we create the potential to offer improved dietary guidelines to certain individuals, subgroups, or populations in order to maximize health benefits of specific diets.
An Evaluation of Crown Forest Management in Ontario from a Free Market Environmentalist Approach
Authors: Garrod Natalya , Barbini Vanessa , Fox Emma , Szatkowski Marc
Published: September 2019

This paper analyzes the forestry and logging industry in Crown forests in Ontario. We present historical trends on harvested areas, employment, revenue collected by the province, biophysical impacts, and revenue from the industry. We discuss the institutional context of Crown forest management in Ontario which includes a description of the Ministry of Natural Resources and Forestry (MNRF) and NGOs such as the Sustainable Forestry Initiative and the Forest Stewardship Council. We conclude that the current management of Crown forests in Ontario is not achieving maximum potential, as we found that there is a decline in employment and revenue from the industry. We recommend a Free Market Environmentalist (FME) approach to Crown forest management in Ontario. This approach involves common property management and the establishment of Forest Trusts.  Current management does not take into account externalities that FME would, which could enhance potential in order to achieve maximum employment and revenue. There is a lack of biophysical data being collected to document the impact on key wildlife species and there is a lack of transparency regarding the management of crown forests by the MNRF. The Haliburton forest was used as case study which emulates an example of a FME approach.
Prevalence of Psychological Disorders Among the Indigenous Population of Canada
Authors: DeChamplain Brody
Published: September 2019

In the last several years, there has been an increase in interest in the history of Canada’s Indigenous peoples. This, in turn, has called attention to health-related topics such as the proportion of the Indigenous population which suffers from a psychological disorder. Using statistics drawn from Statistics Canada’s 2014 General Social Survey on Victimization, this study examines the percentage of respondents who report having a mental/psychological disorder and analyzes the percentage in terms of the heritage of the respondents. According to the findings, a larger proportion of Indigenous people reported having a psychological disorder than non-Indigenous people. The results, along with past literature, provide evidence which supports a statistically significant relationship between "Aboriginal group – Respondent" and "Mental/psychological disability status."
Evaluating a single camera system for quantifying ebullition from gassy freshwater sediments
Authors: De Wit William
Published: September 2019

A single camera system for measuring ebullition from freshwater gassy sediments is presented. The employment of relatively inexpensive video equipment along with laboratory-based analysis techniques were evaluated for use in quantifying ebullition from freshwater gassy sediments in the St. Lawrence River near Cornwall, ON.
Modeling air pollution in Beijing for the 2008 Olympic Summer Games
Authors: Vanos Jenni
Published: September 2019

High levels of ambient oxidant air pollution, such as ozone, have been associated with negative health effects in elite athletes. The photochemical model OzCalc was used to calculate ozone concentrations as a function of time in Beijing for the 2008 Olympic Summer Games. By making use of the data obtained in Hastings, Ontario in August 1993, the model was adjusted for Beijing with respect to radiation geometry and ambient levels of primary air pollutants. Ozone concentrations were calculated using three scenarios: keeping pollution levels constant, a moderate success in pollution clean-up, and a high success in pollution clean-up. Results of ozone obtained with the model predicted very high levels associated with Scenario’s 1 and 2, while Scenario 3 showed acceptable levels for athletic competition, in accordance with WHO and Chinese Standards. A high NO-to-NO2 concentration ratio showed less ozone formation, which displayed the dependence of ozone on the variable levels of NO2 and NO. The level of the hydroxyl radical formation was closely related to that of ozone. The overall results suggest that Beijing will have a difficult time bringing pollution down to an acceptable level; athletes will have to deal with an added negative physiological response.
Development of physicochemical methods for analysis of pandemic influenza vaccine
Authors: Michaelides Ophelia
Published: September 2019

The utility of a size exclusion high-performance liquid chromatography (SE-HPLC) method, in the identification and quantitation of haemagglutinin (HA) protein in monovalent, inactivated influenza vaccines for the purposes of potency assessment is reported. This method is sufficiently eveloped to provide a distinct peak separation of HA from other vaccine constituents, and a correlation with HA potency determined by single radial-immunodiffusion (SRID) assay. Sensitivity of the method is demonstrated, with each HA peak accurately titrated to the HA content of the protein load injected. Highly reproducible chromatographic profiles (on a G4000SWxl column) were achieved, demonstrating vaccine protein integrity and stability. Potency assessments, determined by SE-HPLC peak area analysis, provided very good correlation with the quantitative HA protein values, determined by SRID, reported by the manufacturer and by Health Canada's Centre for Biologics Evaluation, Pandemic Influenza Division (PID). Peak resolution was further enhanced by expanding to a tandem SE-HPLC system, utilizing a G4000SWxl SE column coupled to a G3000SWxl column. HA was detected in the 11-17 minute (min) elution, collected in 30 second (sec) fractions, with the smallest, most distinct peak width detected to date at the 15.5 min fraction. This SE-HPLC method has considerable potential for widespread use as a physicochemical method for HA identification and quantification, in quality control testing for seasonal and pandemic influenza vaccines, and as a practical alternative for potency measures by the reagent dependent SRID assay. Increased resolution and further method development will facilitate the collection of separated fractions for further analysis, to correlate immunoactivity to HA type and content.
Inflammation in the lungs of patients diagnosed with Cystic Fibrosis: Association with iron deficiency
Authors: Armstrong Dawn , Robinson Lindsay
Published: September 2019

Cystic Fibrosis (CF) is characterized by a wide spectrum of phenotypic characteristics such as; deep coughing, increased mucous production, and weight loss. However, only recently was the role of inflammation on the etiology of the disease recognized. CF is characterized as a cyclic progression of infective exacerbations and stable periods initiated by the presence of Pseudomonas Aeruginosa (PA). An increase in inflammatory cytokines/mediators and a decrease in anti-inflammatory cytokines contribute to the net inflammation and overall tissue destruction of the lungs. PA is associated with the low iron status that is seen in 60-75% of the CF population, through the presence of iron sequestering siderophores which distract iron from the tissues. Iron deficiency (ID) initiates further symptoms such as; fatigue, tachycardia, weakness, brittle nails etc, in addition to those caused by CF. The colonization of PA may be the cause or a result of increased iron (ferritin) concentrations in the lungs, but independent of the original relationship, results in a decreased iron status. Iron is used by PA under hypoxic conditions such as in the fibrosis lung, as a source of energy. Studies on the relationship between CF and ID contribute a variety of possible causes although currently no direct connection has been discovered. At this stage, further studies in this area are needed. This review will primarily focus on the affects of CF on iron status in humans, and secondarily examine the effect of mediators of inflammation in respects to ID.
Volkswagen Blues: Rebirth through communication
Authors: Portt Andrea
Published: September 2019

Jacques Poulin’s novel Volkswagen Blues traces the author Jack Waterman’s journey of self-discovery from Jacques Cartier’s landing point in Gaspé, south down the oyageurs’ route via the St. Lawrence and the Mississippi, and finally est along the pioneers’ Oregon Trail to San Francisco. Throughout the trip, Jack encounters figures from the many different cultural backgrounds and periods that were important in the creation of today’s multicultural and plurilingual North America. The narrator uses a mixture of languages throughout the novel to emphasize these different cultures and eras, and to call attention to the importance of language to human existence and society. Jack finds self-reconciliation by accepting his connection to others through contact with these other cultures and languages.
The effects of water velocity and morphology on the photosynthetic rate of the aquatic macrophytes Vallisneria americana and V. spiralis
Authors: Stewart Frances , Ackerman Josef
Published: September 2019

Invasive macrophyte species are generally associated with negative ecological impacts. However, the physiological and morphological characteristics that successfully allow macrophytes to establish in new ecosystems have yet to be determined. In organisms, such as terrestrial angiosperms, algae, and corals morphology, surface area to volume ratio, and water velocity are determining factors in influencing the rate of an individual’s physiological processes. Two aquatic macrophytes, Vallisneria americana and Vallisneria spiralis, were used to determine whether leaf morphology influences the photosynthetic rate of aquatic macrophytes in both high (0.026 m s-1) and low (0.001 m s-1) freestream water velocities. Neither O2 flux (mol m-2 s 1) nor O2 production (mol) significantly differed between species or freestream velocities. However, O2 flux was observed to be highest for V. americana at low water velocity. In contrast, O2 flux was highest for V. spiralis at high water velocity. This distinction in observed O2 flux implies the morphological difference between V. americana and V. spiralis affects photosynthetic rate. Further research must be completed to determine physiological causes in this observed difference.
Method for identifying the phosphorylation site of Maize Starch Synthase I
Authors: Barker Clare , Romanova Nadya , Emes Michael J. , Tetlow Ian J.
Published: September 2019

Multiple forms of starch synthases (EC 2.4.1.21) are critical for the synthesis of starch in higher plants. These enzymes catalyze the extension of linear glucan chains by the transfer of glucose from the nucleotide sugar ADPglucose. Recombinant maize starch synthase I (rSSI) was purified from Escherichia coli in order to study the regulation of this enzyme by protein phosphorylation. The rSSI was phosphorylated in vitro by incubation with [γ 32P]-ATP and maize amyloplast lysates, which were used as a source of protein kinase. Maximal phosphorylation of rSSI was achieved within 20 minutes, and there was no noticeable change in the amount of phosphorylation beyond this time. Phosphoamino acid analysis of rSSI indicated phosphorylation of one or more serine residues. In order to purify and identify the phosphopeptides, phosphorylated rSSI was digested with trypsin to yield smaller peptides, which were then concentrated using Immobilized Metal Affinity Chromatography (IMAC). Potential phosphopeptides eluting from the IMAC column were purified and putatively identified using reversed phase (C18 column) High Pressure Liquid Chromatography (HPLC). They were then analyzed by mass spectrometry using Matrix-Assisted Laser Desorption/Ionization-Time of Flight (MALDI-TOF) which yielded the mass of potential phosphopeptides.
2009 Summer Leadership and Research Program Abstracts
Authors: SLRP Students
Published: September 2019

OVC SLRP Students
Senescence or apoptosis? The choice bovine fibroblasts make in the presence of increasing concentrations of extracellular H2O2
Authors: Hunt Andrea , Betts Dean , King W. Allan , Madan Pavneesh
Published: September 2019

Reactive oxygen species (ROS) are potent inducers of oxidative damage and have been linked to the regulation of specific cellular functions, including apoptosis. In response to specific signals, mitochondrial H2O2 can trigger mitochondrial swelling and apoptosis; however, as a protective measure, cells can also enter a state of senescence. The purpose of this study was to determine the effects of extracellular H2O2 on cellular senescence induction via the mitochondrial ROS-signaling pathway. Bovine fibroblasts were synchronized at the G1/S phase using a thymidine-nocodazole mitotic block and treated for two hours with H2O2 concentrations: 25μM, 50μM, 100μM, 150μM and 200μM. Post H2O2 treatment, the number of floating dead cells was quantified using a hemocytometer. Cells sticking to the bottom of the culture dish were then washed with fresh media and cultured for 24 hours at 39oC at 5% CO2 under humidified conditions and assayed for senescent cell quantification using SA--galactosidase staining assay. Preliminary data indicates that the number of dead cells increased with increasing H2O2 dosage, with the maximum number of dead cells at 200m in both cell lines. Along with the increase in number of dead cells, the number of senescent cells decreased up to 50M, and no senescent cells were detected at  50m concentrations. This indicates that cells are sensitive to rising levels of H2O2 and make a choice to enter the senescent or apoptotic pathway based on the oxidative insult they face. Future studies would focus on the molecular mechanism of the mitochondrial-ROS signaling pathway.
Understanding and measuring cooking skills and knowledge as factors influencing convenience food purchases and consumption
Authors: Ternier Sabrina
Published: September 2019

As the convenience food industry becomes more prominent in society, it is essential to understand the influence of cooking competence on home food production. Cooking competence allows a consumer to be self reliant and have a healthy diet, creates a less stressful home food production process and influences the consumer’s orientation attitude towards pre-prepared convenience foods. Through a literature review, it was found that mothers and cooking classes are the most important sources to acquire cooking skills, while factors such as gender, age, income, social/educational class, attitude and social environment determine how one acquires their cooking competence. A non-traditional definition of cooking competence was analyzed which strays from the traditional ‘task centered’ approach and instead encompasses a comprehensive set of skills used in domestic cooking. A cooking competence questionnaire was created to include this new definition.
Film as a reflection of society: interracial marriage and Stanley Kramer’s Guess Who’s Coming to Dinner in late 1960s America
Authors: Anderson Katie Elizabeth
Published: September 2019

This paper explores the debate of whether Hollywood films act as influential and progressive forces in a society, or do they serve as a larger reflection of that society. I examine Stanley Kramer’s film Guess Who’s Coming to Dinner (1967), about an interracial marriage between a black man and a white woman. Was the film progressive for its time, or was it reflective of the social attitudes in late 1960s America? I argue that although there are aspects of the film that can be construed as progressive and influential for the era, the film more accurately serves as a reflection of the larger socio-political context of 1960s America in regards to both attitudes of opposition and acceptance of interracial marriage. Furthermore, a brief comparison is also made between the film and contemporary issues surrounding race relations in 21st Century America.
An epibiont mediated increase in the susceptibility of Mytilus edulis to predation by Nucella lapillus
Authors: Johansson Jess
Published: September 2019

In marine organisms, the relationship that arises between two individuals where one organism biofouls the surface of a typically larger host organism is defined as epibiosis. Colonization of an organism by an epibiont can severely limit the feeding and reproductive abilities of the host and reduce overall fitness. Therefore, it is important to consider the benefits, if any, that the basibiont gains from this epibiotic relationship. In previous experiments, it was observed that barnacle epibionts protected Mytilus edulis from predation by Carcinus maenas, an intertidal predator. This study uses a choice experiment to deduce whether Semibalanus balanoides can mediate predation by another intertidal predator, the dogwhelk Nucella lapillus. N. lapillus preferred the substrate of barnacle-covered mussels to smooth-surface mussels, however specific preference to predate on these mussels was inconclusive from the results. The presence of S. balanoides on the shell surface of M. edulis decreased defensive behaviors, suggesting that the basibiont may be more vulnerable to predation because of this epibiotic relationship. If so, the relationship may border on parasitism if M. edulis fitness is significantly reduced.
A strip-tease act conducted in pink limelight: Salvador Dali, George Orwell, and the construction of a surreal/ist self
Authors: Sanader Daniella
Published: September 2019

Within this paper I examine the relationship between Salvador Dali’s grandiose autobiography, The Secret Life of Salvador Dali, and a critical article by George Orwell entitled “Benefit of Clergy: Some Notes on Salvador Dali.” Through a consideration of these two related texts, this paper will focus on the methods through which Dali constructs his artistic persona – in a way that emphasizes his identity as contingent, de-centered and multidimensional. By analyzing several aspects of Dali’s public life, including autobiographical writings, paintings and television appearances, I will also consider his motivations as both Surrealist and economic in inclination. Ultimately, I develop an understanding of Dali as a textual, historicized entity; one that allows me to explore the ways in which artistic identity is constructed for public consumption and entertainment.
Influences on tourism destination image beyond marketing: people, power, place
Authors: Tavares Kevin
Published: September 2019

Tourism destination image, henceforth referred to as TDI, is a concept that many researchers have studied in efforts to understand its creation, implementation, promotion and benefit. Academic researchers have forayed into these aspects of TDI in a multitude of ways, in hopes of understanding how this concept is relevant to the industry. The majority of academic research conducted in TDI has been studied from a marketing perspective, with limited consideration of additional influences on image. This paper aims to analyze the influence that non- marketing, social factors such as heritage, culture, place identity, stakeholder involvement, politics and gender play in relation to destination image. The result is a holistic model of TDI as a broad social science construct.
Sleeman Biogas Boiler System Design
Authors: Alm Peter , Falk Kathryn , Nightingale Thomas , Zehr Zachary , Moussa Medhat
Published: September 2019

Energy costs represent a significant expense in the brewing of beer, and it is in a company’s best interest to minimize these costs. Due to the high organic loading processed by the on-site wastewater treatment plant at Sleeman Breweries in Guelph, Ontario, a large amount of biogas is generated, which could be used as an energy source and revenue stream for the brewery. The purpose of this project is to design a system that will make use of the wasted biogas to benefit the company. First a preliminary analysis of several design alternatives was conducted in order to determine the best option. Through this analysis it was determined that a pretreatment and piping system, along with boiler modifications would be the most cost effective method of dealing with the biogas. This system would save the brewery approximately $134,000 in the first year it was implemented, and have a payback period of approximately 5 years. Therefore, it is recommended that Sleeman Breweries consider moving forward with the proposed biogas recovery system. This report describes the detailed research, calculations, and modeling completed to design this system in order to present with confidence the optimal solution to Sleeman Breweries.
Perceptions, Practices and Principles: Increasing Awareness of ‘Night Sky’ in Urban Landscapes
Authors: Mosseri Robin
Published: September 2019

In urban centres the natural cycles of day and night have dramatically been altered by artificial lighting, creating a perpetually lit environment that is rarely considered an issue. Artificial lights are illuminating roadways, structures and public plazas with lighting schemes that are, in most cases, inefficient. Consequently, light pollution has greatly impacted the night by reflecting and refracting light into the atmosphere. Without appropriate consideration of integrating artificial lighting into the urban environment, our “night sky” experience is at risk due to poor approaches to public realm design. This study qualitatively explores light pollution analyzing it based on the environment, society and economy as a whole. A literature review, key informants, and case studies contribute to a greater understanding of light and create a framework to develop a design reference to light efficient urban development. This study examines the need for a shift in public perception, broadening an understanding of the effects of light pollution, and provides design considerations to aid urban night sky awareness, planning and design.
The Maoist Movement and Peasant Struggle: Political Ecology Approach
Authors: Bargout Remy , Gray Noella
Published: September 2019

This paper attempts to identify the differences between apolitical perspectives and political ecology approaches to regional socio-environmental issues by delineating the Maoist (Naxal) insurgency in India, using the respective camps of interpretation. A Malthusian view of the issue, within the theory of Eco-Scarcity, is briefly examined. The bulk of this report will pay attention to Environmental Conflict method of describing the rural uprising within the setting of social hierarchies expressed through resource appropriation. The resource categories discussed are agricultural lands, water, forests, and mineral ores.
“The quarry proposed by St Marys Cement Inc. for a location near Carlisle, Ontario should not be permitted” : Proponents’ Brief
Authors: Conklin Michelle , L’Ecuyer Jake , Morgan Nicole , Proracki Natalie , Schiks Tom , Summerfield Brad , Wasylycia Seth , Fox Glenn
Published: September 2019

This paper presents a set of arguments claiming that construction of the quarry near Flamborough, Ontario proposed St. Mary’s Cement Inc. should not be permitted. First, the quarry would violate local citizens’ property rights, compromise community health and safety, and incur excessive economic costs. Precautionary measures are insufficient, such that the quarry is expected to irreparably damage drinking water and quality of life. Second, the area proposed for aggregate extraction is mostly undeveloped, containing unique, valuable natural features and ecological linkages. Despite regulation and monitoring according to the provincial Aggregate Resources Act, rehabilitation of the site after aggregate extraction would be inadequate in returning the land to its former condition. This will result in habitat fragmentation and loss of high quality farmland. Furthermore, the construction of the quarry is not permitted under current City of Hamilton zoning regulations; the City of Hamilton, along with the city’s Public Health Services, filed an official objection against construction. Finally, a GIS study has selected a more suitable alternative site for aggregate extraction near Carlisle, which meets the geographic, topographic, and mineral needs of St. Mary’s Cement Group without disturbing habitat or nearby communities.
Educational assortative mating in the United States and the effect on income inequality by household from 1960 to 2005
Authors: Swierzewski Kathryn
Published: September 2019

This study examines the effect assortative mating by education has on income inequality by household. In contrast to the majority of other literature in this field which focus on the United States (U.S.) as a whole, this study makes use of state-level data to examine the marriage mating market with respect to education attainment. It also examines how homogamous partnerships increase income inequality across households by analyzing changes in the Gini coefficient over time. Panel data for this analysis is from the U.S. Bureau of Economic Analysis and the Integrated Public Use Microdata Series (IPUMS-International and IPUMS-USA) from the U.S. Census of the Population. Assortative mating by education is shown in this analysis to be a contributing factor to increasing inequality among homogamous heterosexual partnerships in the U.S. from 1960 to 2005.

Keywords: assortative mating; education level; United States (state-level, from 1960-2005); income inequality (household); labour economics; welfare economics
Analyzing a Pentecostal "revolution": Reflections on research methodology
Authors: Burton Lucas
Published: September 2019

This study evaluates a research questionnaire and responses in a recent study on the influence of the Pentecostal movement in Nigeria. It observes areas of potential confusion within the questionnaire due to its wording, and suggests revisions and additional questions that might improve the relevance of the questionnaire. Through further analysis, it notes questions that may be unintentionally written with bias, thereby influencing responses, and discusses what are suggested to be the advantages and disadvantages of formatting questions in a specific manner. Finally, this study explains the process of using the aforementioned questionnaire to create an electronic database in which to organize responses. It evaluates the use of the database as a research tool and comments on the place of quantitative analysis as a whole within the study of history. Analysis of the questionnaire and database concludes that both were largely successful in accomplishing the goals of the study for which they were created. The database is found to be a valuable tool as it provides an efficient way to establish trends and focus further analysis of the information collected. The importance of this tool to the research project suggests that quantitative analysis can be of great use in historical research, though it should not replace traditional research methodology in this field.

Keywords: mixed research methodologies (evaluation of); survey research; religion and politics; Pentecostal revival; Nigeria
National parks and protected areas in African countries
Authors: Drewniak Zuzanna , Finnegan Kaitlyn , Miles Charlotte , Miles Meredith
Published: September 2019

There are two primary options for the successful preservation of national resources in African national parks: centralized government management and decentralized privatized management. In this article we argue that a free market environmentalism approach to the management of national parks in Africa is preferable to centralized government management. We begin by discussing social, economic, and biophysical trends related to the operations of national parks in Africa. Next, we describe the institutional and political structures of management options, including the conventional centralized planning model, and present alternatives such as co-management and privatization. We then identify current conflicts and controversies regarding national park management in the African context, which include land tenure and expropriation, poverty, and the protection of large mammalian endangered species. Finally, we apply the free market environmentalism approach to African national park management and make a case for why this approach would allow for better protection of endangered large mammal species, benefit African citizens in the surrounding communities, eliminate the free-rider incentive which can lead to acts such as poaching, and create incentives that are necessary for the preservation of African national resources. We conclude that this market-based system is effective in protecting natural resources in areas of Africa where the private owners are willing to pay for the preservation of the environment, and on privatized and which can be successfully profitable through the aid of competition in the market.

Keywords: national parks; Africa; free market environmentalism; sustainability (environmental, social)
The representation of machismo in literary journalism: How Luis Alberto Urrea, Ruben Martinez, and Mexicans narrate stories of machismo
Authors: McGuire Sarah
Published: September 2019

This article uses critical discourse on the genre of literary journalism to conceptualize machismo as a primary means of representing the male gender in Mexico. The way gender and machismo are socially constructed and the stories Mexican men tell themselves about machismo influences their performance of it. This article addresses issues of gender representation and discusses what literary techniques authors of literary journalism employ to investigate the construction of Mexican masculinity. Modern day conceptions of machismo are still associated with traditional connotations of hyper-masculinity; it is a socially prescribed role internalized as the public ideal acting to inform women of societal expectations of men. Engrained deep in the culture, machismo is to a degree exacerbated by alcohol, leading to violence and spousal abuse. One major question is whether literary journalism can lead to a greater truth if authors use stylistic techniques that limit the reader’s understanding of how conclusions were formed. However, this question is inconsequential if it can lead people to find their own truths and start social change. Whether the actual connotations of machismo within the Mexican culture are changing is minor compared to whether Mexicans can reach a higher truth by negotiating the representation of gender and machismo in their own lives. How machismo is represented can lead to social change as stories are constantly changing.

Keywords: machismo (representations of); male gender (social constructions of); gender representation; Mexico; stylistic techniques (writing); literary journalism
Applying and assessing free market environmentalism to the Democratic Republic of Congo’s coltan resources: Challenges and possibilities
Authors: Baena Benjamin , Bronson Amy , Jones Tobias , Champaigne Lindsey
Published: September 2019

Coltan is the commonly used term for tantalum, a metal used in electronics, when sourced from the Democratic Republic of the Congo (DRC). This article considers that a “resource curse,” where a resource-rich country paradoxically experiences low social and economic development, is occurring in the DRC with respect to this mineral. The school of economic thought known as free market environmentalism broadly prescribes free markets, individual property rights, and common-law liability as the incentives to reduce environmental problems. While it is a less-common and sometimes controversial perspective on solving environmental problems, an analysis of a free market environmentalist perspective of coltan mining in the DRC provides alternative perspectives on solving a “resource curse,” such as effective property rights as put forward by Moriss (2009). Considering the practicality of implementing free market environmentalist principles in a war-torn country with weak governance, this article theorizes that the Congolese government could respond to the recent Congo Conflict Minerals Act within the American Dodd-Frank Act (2010) by implementing licenses to mine coltan resources that closely resemble private property rights, drawing on Pearse (1988), in areas of the DRC less affected by conflict.

Keywords: Democratic Republic of Congo; coltan; tantalum; mining; free market environmentalism; property rights (privatization of)
Epigenetics of multiple sclerosis
Authors: Robertson Carleigh
Published: September 2019

Multiple sclerosis (MS) is a complex disease characterized by autoimmune demyelination of the myelin sheath of the central nervous system. Varying degrees of disability result from disruptions in neural, physical, and psychological processes. No clear cause of MS has been identified, but specific genetic mutations and environmental effects have been established as factors in disease development. However, the low disease concordance rates and transmission disequilibrium observed in MS prevent genetic factors alone from explaining increased susceptibility. As a result, the involvement of epigenetics, or heritable changes in the genome that are not caused by alterations in the underlying DNA sequence, has been proposed to resolve these apparent discrepancies. This article focuses on recent research into three primary epigenetic mechanisms and their relation to MS susceptibility: DNA methylation, histone modifications, and post-transcriptional regulation of target genes by microRNA. These epigenetic phenomena interact with each other and environmental stimuli to produce disease. Promising experimental research has revealed that inhibitors of such epigenetic activity reduce disease phenotypes in animal models. In this article, ways in which epigenetic changes can induce MS development are described and prospective research avenues are proposed.

Keywords: epigenetics; multiple sclerosis (MS); DNA methylation; histones; microRNA (miRNA)