Русская книжная культура в поэтической и теоретической рефлексии А.Е. Кулаковского
Authors: Покатилова Н.В. 
Published: January 2025

В статье рассматривается опыт преломления русской книжной традиции в творчестве первого якутского поэта А.Е. Кулаковского, создателя национальной литературы. Рецепция русской и иноязычной традиции рассмотрена в статье на разных этапах поэтического становления А.Е. Кулаковского. В результате выявлены три последовательно выраженных этапа в целостном восприятии русской культуры в авторском самосознании и в творчестве якутского поэта: 1) «дотекстовый» этап, задолго до написания собственных произведений; 2) «текстовый» этап творческого расцвета якутского поэта в 1910-е гг.; 3) «теоретический» этап рефлексии Кулаковского по отношению к аллитерационному стиху и поэтическому языку якутской словесности. Определен характер внетекстовой рецепции опыта мировой культуры на раннем этапе становления поэта задолго до написания им своих литературных произведений. Текстуально выявленный круг влияния русской поэзии и особенно А.С. Пушкина на литературные представления Кулаковского периода расцвета его творчества в 1910-е гг. позволяет говорить о том, что имя А.С. Пушкина и пушкинский контекст лейтмотивом проходят через все литературное творчество и биографический путь Кулаковского-поэта.

The paper considers the attempts of reinterpreting Russian literary written tradition by A.E. Kulakovsky, the founder of Yakut national literature. The purpose and objectives of this article are specified as the reclamation of Russian written literary culture is examined at different stages of A.E. Kulakovsky’s poetic development. As a result, three consistently expressed stages of holistic assimilation of Russian culture were identified within the Yakut poet’s self-awareness and body of work: 1) the “pre-textual” stage long preceding the creation of his own works; 2) “textual” stage of the Yakut poet’s creative prime in the 1920s; 3) the “theoretical” stage of Kulakovsky’s reflection toward the alliterative verse and the poetic diction of Yakut literature. The character of extra-textual reception of the world literature experience at the early stage of poet’s development, well in advance of his literary works, was determined. The textually indicated circle of influence of Russian poetry and especially A.S. Pushkin on the literary conceptualization of Kulakovsky at the height of his creative output in the 1910s has been discovered. The culmination appears to be the late stage of the Yakut poet’s creative evolution in the 1920s, which was marked by the drafting of a two volume collection of his works for publishing and creation of theoretical works on alliterative verse and the poetic diction of Yakut tradition. Kulakovsky’s theoretical introspection in the 1920s relating to the verse (”The Rules of Yakut Versification”) not only, in a way, completed his own poetic path, but also staked his name within the established tradition of treatises on poetics, from antiquity and up to the Russian theory of literature, the inspiration of which turned out to be determinative for the founder of the Yakut written literature. The novelty of the article is relevant to the idea that antique and Russian literary culture – personified as Horatio and Pushkin – is a throughline within the literary works and A.E. Kulakovsky’s life.