bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Y los Libres del Sur responden: La práctica del Parkour en Avellaneda como caso de análisis de los modos de reproducción social
Authors: Schargorodsky Javier
Published: May 2019

El siguiente trabajo intenta aportar a un análisis de las lógicas de reproducción social, haciendo foco en una práctica específica situada, el Parkour en la ciudad de Avellaneda. El Parkour puede pensarse como una práctica disruptiva respecto de ciertos modos estipulados de habitar lo urbano. Sin embargo, esto no lo exime de reproducir algunas lógicas de reproducción social. Puntualmente en Avellaneda se ha conformado la

Asociación Civil Deportiva “Libres del Sur Parkour” y, estrechamente vinculada a ella, la Escuela Municipal de Parkour. Observaremos los procesos de institucionalización y escolarización, y las operatorias de violencia simbólica, aun en la conformación de sentidos dominantes contrarios a los dominantes en la sociedad. Por otra parte, veremos al Estado ampliando sus límites (al punto de incluir lo “alternativo” en lo “oficial”) y al mismo tiempo flexibilizando sus lógicas y regulaciones.
Sensibilizar cuerpos para trabajar, sensibilizar cuerpos para consumir: la Escuela Nueva santafesina, Rosario, 1935-1950
Authors: Pellegrini Micaela
Published: May 2019

El presente artículo analiza la Escuela Serena de las hermanas Olga y Leticia Cossettini, una experiencia que incluyó la estética como contenido transversal y que tuvo lugar entre 1935 y 1950 en la ciudad de Rosario. El objetivo es estudiar cómo pensaron, teorizaron, abordaron y trataron las sensibilidades y los cuerpos de sus alumnos y alumnas. El arte en sus múltiples manifestaciones: dibujo, pintura, escultura, música, danza, teatro, poesía. Esa apuesta al trabajo desde la sensibilidad provocó permanentemente el trabajo corporal de los alumnos y las alumnas. Y es justamente este punto el que nos interesa y ocupa, indagar esas estrategias para que los alumnos y las alumnas aprendan “poniendo el cuerpo”. Entonces nos preguntamos: ¿esos cuerpos fueron atendidos en clave de clase y género, más allá de que las maestras no se expresen en esos términos? Y si lo fueron, ¿cómo sucedió?
Forjando cuerpos fuertes, sanos y peronistas. Los héroes deportivos de Avellaneda durante el primer peronismo (1946-1955)
Authors: Galak Eduardo , Orbuch Iván Pablo
Published: May 2019

Dentro del dispositivo de poder desarrollado por el peronismo desde su llegada al gobierno en 1946, el rol desempeñado por diversos conglomerados urbanos metropolitanos como Avellaneda tuvo un papel relevante. Este municipio fue un puntal de las diversas estrategias implementadas por el novel gobierno, entre las que se destacan aquellas atinentes a la educación de los cuerpos. Avellaneda resultó entonces un laboratorio en el que el peronismo desplegó políticas populares y masificadoras de prácticas corporales institucionalizadas, en las cuales se utilizaron como propagandas las retóricas patrióticas asociadas a los “héroes deportivos locales”. A través de un pormenorizado análisis de fuentes, tales como diarios locales y los programas políticos esbozados entre 1946 y 1955, se proponen una serie de consideraciones acerca de cómo la cultura física en general y el deporte en particular le sirvieron al peronismo, y viceversa.
Introducción
Authors: Letcher Hernán
Published: May 2019

En este Dossier se intentan plasmar algunas de las cuestiones de metodología de medición de la pobreza que forman parte del debate actual y que de profundizarse servirían para mejorar las mediciones mismas y enriquecer el conocimiento alrededor de ellas. Se presentan artículos sobre la medición de la incidencia de la indigencia y la pobreza en Argentina y Colombia.
TRABAJOS, INGRESOS Y CONSUMOS EN LA ECONOMÍA POPULAR
Authors: Arango Yudy Alejandra , Chena Pablo Ignacio , Roig Alexandre
Published: May 2019

El presente trabajo estudia el concepto de Economá Popular (EP) como categoria nativa que condensa las prácticas económicas, políticas y simbólicas de diversos sectores sociales que se encuentran excluidos de las relaciones laborales tradicionales. El objetivo teórico de este análisis es doble, por un lado, explorar las diferencias que existentes respecto de categorías previas (como economía informal y masa marginal) y, por otro, explicitar las dificultades que encuentra para transformarse en una categoría analítica nueva. Desde el punto de vista empírico la investigación muestra, a través de diferentes métodos, las actividades que caracterizan a la EP, sus vínculos con el mercado de trabajo tradicional, y las formas de estructurar sus ingresos y consumos.
LA ECONOMÍA POPULAR ENTRE LA REPRESENTACIÓN Y LA NORMATIVIDAD. CONTRAPUNTOS ENTRE LA MATRIZ LIBERAL DE LA CONSTITUCIÓN Y LA TRADICIÓN DEL DERECHO LABORAL EN ARGENTINA.
Authors: Timpanaro Berenice , Flores Beltrán Victoria , Spinosa Lucas
Published: May 2019

La transformación actual del trabajo rompe los marcos teóricos tradicionales para su análisis. La estabilidad laboral de la sociedad fordista se contrapone a una empleabilidad flexibilizada e inestable, donde los trabajadores circulan por ámbitos de formalidad e informalidad de manera permanente. Así surge el sector de la Economía Popular, definido como formas de autoempleo adaptadas a las herramientas y contextos socioeconómicos de la clase obrera, como una estrategia de resistencia al proceso de exclusión del mercado de trabajo, y como una expresión de las organizaciones populares y gremiales, que aún no han podido consolidar una estructura normativa acorde. Este trabajo busca explorar la posibilidad de deconstruir la matriz jurídica liberal en torno al trabajo, que desde la Constitución Nacional marca al resto del ordenamiento jurídico, en contraposición a la estela jurisprudencial progresista que ha sabido generar la lucha gremial en los tribunales.
Los caminos de pertenencia a una casa política: padrinazgo y poder en el Senado de la Nación Argentina.
Authors: Ferreño Laura
Published: May 2019

Tesis de Doctorado / Doctorado en Antropología Social UNSAM.
FORMULACIÓN DE PROYECTOS EN ORGANIZACIONES DEL TERRITORIO: PALABRA, REFLEXIÓN Y APORTES DE LOS ACTORES SOCIALES
Authors: Bertini Sergio , Marrone Leticia , Caffaro María Marta , Santoro Alejandra , Reinoso Marianela , Paez Paula
Published: May 2019

Este artículo presenta de manera resumida los avances de una investigación orientada a estudiar cómo formulan sus proyectos ante el Estado las organizaciones sociales del territorio. La misma indaga los procedimientos que llevan adelante para expresar sus demandas concretas y busca identificar las fortalezas y debilidades del proceso técnico-político implementado para la formulación de proyectos para implementar políticas públicas.

El documento presentado describe en primer lugar el proyecto de investigación en curso, sus objetivos y la metodología utilizada. Después se comparten algunas reflexiones a partir de las palabras expresadas por los entrevistados y participantes del mismo y se cierra con observaciones preliminares, con vista a las tareas que va llevar la segunda etapa, durante el año 2018.
EL ARTE DE PRODUCIR: CULTURA Y PRÁCTICAS SOCIALES EN EL SECTOR TABACALERO SALTEÑO
Authors: Giménez María Laura
Published: May 2019

La tesis que se presenta analiza la movilidad social de los productores tabacaleros a partir de las trayectorias productivas, identificando las formas, criterios y recursos propios que emplean los actores para superar desventajas productivas y estructurales.
POLÍTICAS PÚBLICAS PARA LA DEMOCRATIZACIÓN UNIVERSITARIA DURANTE EL PERÍODO KIRCHNERISTA (2003-2015). LA EXPERIENCIA DE LA UNIVERSIDAD NACIONAL DE AVELLANEDA
Authors: Pique Alejandro
Published: May 2019

La tesis se ubica dentro del campo de la Educación Superior y en particular dentro del área de Política Educativa y aborda la singular relación entre las políticas universitarias impulsadas por los gobiernos kirchneristas (2003-2015) y el proceso de democratización universitaria. Para su abordaje se partió desde una perspectiva anclada en las Ciencias Sociales, adoptando una estrategia teórico-metodológica mixta que conjuga herramientas de tipo cuantitativo y cualitativo.
CONSTRUYENDO LA AGENDA EN SALUD LABORAL CON PERSPECTIVA DE GÉNERO
Authors: GESAL Grupo de Estudios en Salud Amb. y Lab.
Published: May 2019

La disertación trata de la importancia de una perspectiva de género para comprender la relación entre el trabajo y la salud de las mujeres. Entendiendo que la salud en el trabajo es una conquista que se construye colectivamente, propone una agenda para avanzar en el conocimiento de los problemas concretos de salud y lograr conformar una voluntad colectiva sobre la ampliación de derechos en salud laboral.
LA ATENCIÓN DE SALUD DE LAS MUJERES TRABAJADORAS DE LA ECONOMÍA POPULAR. APUNTES PRELIMINARES DE UNA INVESTIGACIÓN EN CURSO SOBRE LA EXPERIENCIA DE LA MUTUAL SENDEROS
Authors: Bruno Daniela Paola , Cardozo Mariela
Published: May 2019

Este artículo, enmarcado en el proceso de sistematización en curso de la experiencia de la Asociación Senderos, mutual de salud de lxs trabajadorxs agremiadxs en la Confederación de Trabajadorxs de la Economía Popular (CTEP) en Argentina, presenta reflexiones preliminares sobre el modelo de atención de la mutual, con especial interés en la atención a las mujeres trabajadoras de la Economía Popular y en la incidencia del género en la construcción de los “perfiles” tanto de las cargas laborales (riesgos y exigencias) como de los daños.
CONDICIONES DE EMPLEO, CUIDADO Y SALUD EN TRABAJADORAS DE CASAS PARTICULARES
Authors: González  Francese Rocío , Reif Luciana
Published: May 2019

El objetivo del artículo es describir la relación entre dos grupos de trabajadoras históricamente feminizados, las trabajadoras de casas particulares y las trabajadoras de la salud, a fin de teorizar sobre el cuidado como categoría central de su proceso de trabajo.

Postulamos que el ingreso de la mujer al mercado laboral ha implicado la extensión de sus tareas de cuidado privadas al espacio público, en donde la categoría de cuidado adquiere una dimensión central.
El Color también es político: Mujeres constructoras de paz
Authors: Córdoba Palacios Lenyn Johana
Published: May 2019

Lo que sería la primera movilización de mujeres negras en búsqueda de la paz en Colombia, se dio el pasado mes de noviembre de 2016 en el Norte del Cauca -Colombia. Reconocida como la Movilización de Mujeres negras, esta ha pasado a ser un hito que no habría sido posible sin las mujeres racializadas y empobrecidas que decidieron denunciar el conflicto interno a causa de la explotación minera. Desde la perspectiva de las geografías feministas, serán analizados los conflictos y resistencias de estas mujeres por la defensa del territorio en búsqueda de la paz y en una lucha constante por superar la pobreza y el racismo arraigados en los patrones culturales en Colombia. El texto está organizado en cinco partes: (i) introducción al artículo, (ii) descripción del problema y del contexto de investigación, (iii) presentación de la metodología iv) Testimonios y reflexiones, y (v) conclusiones. Todo este proceso se encuentra enmarcado en el desarrollo de la investigación el Color también es político.
Marco legal para las políticas de inclusión del pueblo afroecuatoriano en el gobierno intercultural y multicultural 2007-2016:
Authors: Ayoví Nazareno Antonio
Published: May 2019

Este trabajo analiza la situación actual del pueblo afroecuatoriano en relación al  marco legal que debería amparar las políticas públicas de inclusión de este grupo étnico, especialmente en el gobierno Intercultural y Multicultural del “Buen Vivir” pregonando inclusión, donde el Decreto 60 llamado a constituirse en puntal contra la desigualdad, la discriminación racial, el racismo y la exclusión no llegó a ser implementado.

La investigación trata reflejar cómo ciertas políticas amparadas en marcos legales, constitucionales y decretos, no han materializado la anunciada inserción del pueblo afroecuatoriano al desarrollo socioeconómico del país para mejorar sus condiciones de vida, generando tan sólo una “inclusión” étnica representativa que no proyecta mayores avances en una comunidad mantenida en el eslabón más vulnerable de la sociedad.
Visibilización y lucha de las organizaciones afrodescendientes por el reconocimiento de sus derechos en Argentina entre los años 2000 y 2014
Authors: Becerra Maria Jose , Buffa Diego
Published: May 2019

En este artículo analizaremos los elementos cardinales que posibilitaron a las organizaciones de afrodescendientes cobrar visibilidad y lograr el reconocimiento de sus derechos en Argentina, en el periodo 2000-2014. A partir de los cambios estructurales que afectaron el sistema internacional desde finales del siglo XX, paulatinamente se irá conformando un singular acercamiento entre Estados,  organizaciones de la sociedad civil y organismos internacionales. Las nuevas articulaciones favorecerán a grupos históricamente marginados y negados, como los afrodescendientes. En este marco, buscaremos reconocer los factores que permitieron al colectivo afrodescendiente visibilizarse y avanzar en la reparación y la promoción de sus derechos en Argentina. Sostenemos que en nuestro país alcanzaron estas metas debido a que los afrodescendientes se articularon en organizaciones nacionales que, a su vez, se vincularon al Estado nacional en el marco de una normativa internacional proactiva y promotora de los derechos humanos, sociales, culturales, políticos, cívicos, económicos y medio ambientales.
Población afrodescendiente. En camino a la efectiva inclusión. Rol de la universidad pública en la temática
Authors: Bertini Sergio
Published: May 2019

El objetivo del trabajo que a continuación puede leerse es caracterizar las principales problemáticas con que se encuentran las poblaciones afrodescendientes en su proceso de integración a un pais como Argentina que cuenta con historia, y legislación clara que debería permitir una efectiva inclusión.
Curanderismo y Conocimiento local en la Costa del Estado Aragua
Authors: Obelmejias Gladys
Published: May 2019

Se ahonda en el Patrimonio Biocultural de las poblaciones de Chuao y Cuyagua, por medio del Conocimiento local asociado al Curanderismo. Éste y otros roles sociales etnomédicos, reflejan el origen multiétnico de sus pobladores, a través del proceso histórico-social de la convivencia de Indígenas, africanos e iberoeuropeos que fundamentaron su subsistencia en torno a la economía de plantación. Ellos se especializan y ejercen prácticas etno-medicinales, ecológicas y culturales a fin de solventar patologías naturales y socioculturales.

Por medio de metodologías cuantitativas y cualitativas (acción participante), algunos resultados indican que estos roles etnomédicos están profundamente insertos en los círculos de socialización familiares, filiales y comunitarios. Asimismo, desde la mitad del siglo XX aproximadamente, los poblados cuentan con  la inclusión  del Sistema Biomédico Occidental, bajo la figura de Ambulatorios, dirigidos por médicos y enfermeras, jugando éstas últimas un papel particularmente intercultural, que ha dinamizado la inteligibilidad del Sistema médico local.
Introducción
Authors: Hamra Diana
Published: May 2019

El Dossier “Situación actual de los afrodescendientes en Nuestramérica. Reconocimiento, justicia, desarrollo” es una construcción colectiva que busca acercarnos a las vivencias de los afrodescendientes en nuestro continente desde diversas dimensiones de la realidad social; presenta las reflexiones de protagonistas y estudiosos, provenientes de las más diversas disciplinas y con múltiples abordajes; aborda la legislación y las políticas públicas; y nos insta a tomar conciencia del daño que ocasionan las ideas y prácticas racistas, así como a conocer la herencia de nuestros ancestros africanos, de las culturas de los afrodescendientes y de su enorme contribución a las sociedades de Nuestramérica.
A study into the dependence of the cladding-fuel pellet gap conductance on burn-up and the effects on the reactor core neutronic performance
Authors: Vygovsky Sergey B. , Gruzdov Fedor V. , Al Malkawi Rashdan T.
Published: May 2019

This paper presents the results of the research to study the dependence of the VVER-1000 (1200) cores neutronic characteristics on the cladding – fuel pellet gap conductance coefficient in the process of the fuel burn-up. The purpose of the study was to determine more accurately the dependence of the cladding – fuel pellet gap conductance coefficient on the fuel burn-up as shown in the Final Safety Report for the Bushehr NPP and to determine the extent of the effects this dependence had on the spatial distribution of the neutron field, on the xenon accumulation rate, and on the kinetic and dynamic behavior of the reactor facility. The paper presents the results of calculating the parameters using which the heat engineering safety of the reactor core is monitored in the process of the fuel burn- up (for a generalized fuel load of a VVER-1000) during the transition to an 18-month nuclear fuel cycle. This paper also includes the results of a numerical research to determine the cladding – fuel gap conductance coefficient depending on the fuel burn-up. These results have shown that, in reality, the gap conductance coefficient dependence on the burn-up does not affect greatly the steady-state characteristics. At the same time, it affects to rather a great extent the xenon accumulation rate, specifically in the event of an extended fuel life. In conditions of maneuvering (load following) modes accompanied by the xenon processes in the reactor core. These facts should be into consideration in design of engineering codes, that used to support the operation of the VVER-1000 (1200) and full-scale simulators.
Analysis of Retrieved Unicompartmental Knee Implants and Tissue: Third-Body Wear as a Potential Contributor to Progression of Arthritis to Adjacent Compartments
Authors: Kaplan Lige M. , Siljander Matthew P. , Verner James J. , Baker Kevin C. , Gehrke Corinn K. , Salisbury Meagan R. , Baker Erin A.
Published: May 2019

Unicompartmental knee arthroplasty (UKA) for the treatment of single-compartment osteoarthritis has been associated with polyethylene wear and progression of osteoarthritis into adjacent compartments, leading to revision. In this study, damage and clinical failure modes of retrieved UKA implants were investigated and protein expression profiles between articular cartilage adjacent to UKA and primary osteoarthritic cartilage were compared. Fifty retrieved UKA implants were analyzed for various damage. Records review and radiographic analysis were performed to collect clinical data and implant characteristics. Cartilage harvested from revision UKA and primary total knee arthroplasty surgeries was characterized with a proteome profiling array detecting levels of 36 different cytokines, chemokines, and acute phase inflammatory proteins. Progression of osteoarthritis (n=18, 36%) and component loosening (n=17, 34%) were the most common reasons for revision. Liners exhibited the highest frequency of damage modes. Progression of arthritis positively correlated with radiographic presence of extruded bone cement and burnishing of liner components. A protein-level profile between revision UKA and primary total knee arthroplasty cartilage showed 12 differentially expressed cytokines. Failure of UKA may be secondary to the effects of wear debris particulate migration into the adjacent compartment, suggesting an additional pathway of cartilage damage manifesting as traditional clinical symptoms. [
Orthopedics
. 2019; 42(3):149–157.]
Impact of Race Subgroups on the Assessment of Vitamin D Status in Adolescent Idiopathic Scoliosis
Authors: Kiebzak Gary M. , Neal Kevin M.
Published: May 2019

The authors' main objective was to demonstrate the confounding effect of combining subgroup data, specifically race, on the prevalence of vitamin D deficiency in adolescent idiopathic scoliosis (AIS). This was a retrospective chart review. Vitamin D deficiency was defined as 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25[OH]D) less than 20 ng/mL. Data were compared between white patients and black and Hispanic patients. Vitamin D status in girls with AIS was also compared with that in girls without AIS who had a history of fracture and with the medical literature to determine if deficiency in AIS was equal to or greater than other cohorts. Mean age was 13.9±2.3 years for the white girls with AIS (n=221) and 13.6±2.2 years for pooled non-whites (n=134). Significant racial differences were found that biased interpretation of the total pooled cohort. Mean 25(OH)D was 27.9±8.5 ng/mL for white girls with AIS vs 21.9±10.3 ng/mL for non-whites (
P
<.0001). Deficiency was present in 13.1% of white girls vs 47.8% of non-white girls (
P
<.0001). Compared with girls with fractures and with the published literature, the race-matched deficiency rates were not abnormally high in girls with AIS. Prevalence of deficiency was greater in non-whites with AIS than in whites. However, percent deficiency was not greater in girls with AIS than in race-matched cohorts without AIS. Without separating data by race, interpretation of vitamin D status can be confounded. [
Orthopedics
. 2019; 42(3):158–162.]
Mechanisms of Suture Integration in Living Tissue: Biomechanical and Histological In Vivo Analysis in Sheep
Authors: Meyer Dominik C. , Hasler Anita , Wyss Seraina , Nuss Katja , Benn Mario C. , Gerber Christian , Wieser Karl
Published: May 2019

The potential of nonabsorbable suture material to augment tissue strength in the long-term is by far not exploited by most of the currently used sutures. The authors hypothesized that different sutures yield specific histological tissue reactions associated with specific mechanical shear resistance of the suture against the tissue. Four different suture types (Orthocord, Ethibond, FiberTape, and FiberWire) were implanted in 36 sheep shoulders (supraspinatus/greater tuberosity). One thread at each time point (6, 16, and 22 weeks) was used for histology, and 11 threads at each time point (0, 6, 16, and 22 weeks) were used for biomechanical longitudinal pullout testing. Histology included tissue maturity, activity of tissue reaction, and invasion of cells and tissue into the suture material. Fiber-Tape had the highest mean pullout strength at 6, 16, and 22 weeks of 4.4 N/cm (SD, 2.1 N/cm), 10.1 N/cm (SD, 5.1 N/cm), and 12.8 N/cm (SD, 6.0 N/cm), respectively. However, general pullout strength at 22 weeks was surprisingly low, particularly for Ethibond, Orthocord and FiberWire. The overall maturity of the surrounding tissue correlated (r=0.84,P=.001) with mechanical performance. Interestingly, in all 4 suture types, an intimate in- and on-growth of fibrous tissue to the filaments and into the space between suture fibers could be shown. However, for Ethibond, Orthocord, and FiberWire, the authors found an unexpected circumferential space around the sutures, often forming an inner and outer capsule, separating the sutures from the surrounding tissue with a shifting layer. [Orthopedics. 2019; 42(3):168–175.]
Intravenous Prostaglandin E1 Infusion for Acute Central Retinal Artery Occlusion
Authors: Malbin Brett , Padidam Sneha , Burke Marie , Akhter Mashal , Eby Alicia , Mishulin Aleksey , Lin Xihui
Published: May 2019

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE:

To evaluate the efficacy of systemic prostaglandin E1 (PGE1) infusion within the first 24 hours of acute central retinal artery occlusion (CRAO).

PATIENTS AND METHODS:

Best corrected visual acuity (BCVA) was analyzed in a case series of six eyes from six patients (mean age: 69.33 years) with acute CRAO who were treated with twice-daily intravenous infusion of 40 μg PGE1. Therapy continued until the patient no longer experienced visual acuity improvements for 24 hours.

RESULTS:

Average time to presentation was 8.33 hours (range: 2 to 12 hours). The logMAR BCVA at presentation was 2.73. BCVA at the final visit 1 month after initial presentation was 1.48 (
P
= .025). All patients experienced vision improvement. No systemic adverse events were experienced.

CONCLUSION:

Intravenous PGE1 infusion resulted in significant visual improvement in patients presenting with acute CRAO and is well tolerated with few adverse effects.

[
Ophthalmic Surg Lasers Imaging Retina
. 2019;50:S5–S8.]
MUST Beg to Differ
Authors: Albini Thomas , Callaway Natalia F. , Jaffe Glenn J. , Feuer William , Davis Janet , Goldstein Debra , Lowder Careen , Lin Phoebe , Nguyen Quan , Srivastava Sunil , Callanan David , Galor Anat , Goldhardt Raquel , Flynn Harry
Published: May 2019

The authors provide a significant interpretation of the National Eye Institute-sponsored Multicenter Uveitis Steroid Treatment study, in which patients with severe, non-infectious intermediate, posterior, or panuveitis were randomly assigned to receive local treatment using the sutured intravitreal fluocinolone acetonide implant or systemic treatment consisting of oral steroids and conventional steroid-sparing immunosuppression, with a primary outcome of visual acuity at 2 years of follow-up. The authors also present evidence-based guidance for the treatment of noninfectious posterior segment involving uveitis.

[
Ophthalmic Surg Lasers Imaging Retina
. 2019;50:266–268.]
Commotio Retinae Resulting From Rubber Band Injury in Two Girls
Authors: Wangsathaporn Kanyakorn , Tsui Irena
Published: May 2019

Commotio retinae is retinal opacification resulting from countercoup injury after blunt trauma. This case series describes two girls with commotio retinae following blunt ocular trauma after rubber band injuries. Optical coherence tomography (OCT) showed defects in the outer retinal layers. OCT angiography showed no perfusion defects. OCT after 1-year follow-up revealed persistent outer retinal layer defects. This report emphasizes the importance of preventing rubber band injuries.

[
Ophthalmic Surg Lasers Imaging Retina
. 2019;50:309–313.]
Macular Microvascular Findings in Familial Exudative Vitreoretinopathy on Optical Coherence Tomography Angiography
Authors: Hsu S. Tammy , Finn Avni P. , Chen Xi , Ngo Hoan T. , House Robert J. , Toth Cynthia A. , Vajzovic Lejla
Published: May 2019

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE:

To describe depth-resolved macular microvasculature abnormalities in patients with familial exudative vitreoretinopathy (FEVR) using optical coherence tomography angiography (OCTA).

PATIENTS AND METHODS:

Twenty-two eyes (11 eyes of six patients with FEVR and 11 control eyes) were imaged with OCTA. Graders qualitatively analyzed the OCTA images of the superficial and deep vascular complexes for abnormal vascular features and compared to fluorescein angiography (FA).

RESULTS:

Seven of 11 eyes with FEVR displayed abnormal macular vascular findings. Abnormalities in the superficial vascular complex included dilation, disorganization, straightening, heterogeneous vessel density, and curls/loops. In the deep vascular complex, abnormalities included areas of decreased density, disorganization, curls/loops, and “end bulbs.” Except for dragging and straightening of the vessels, none of these macular features were visible on FA.

CONCLUSION:

OCTA revealed marked macular abnormalities in eyes with FEVR that have not been previously observed with FA alone, suggesting this is more than a disease of the retinal periphery and involves macular and deep retinal vasculature abnormalities.

[
Ophthalmic Surg Lasers Imaging Retina
. 2019;50:322–329.]
Choriocapillary Blood Flow in Myopic Subjects Measured With OCT Angiography
Authors: Scherm Pauline , Pettenkofer Moritz , Maier Mathias , Lohmann Chris P. , Feucht Nikolaus
Published: May 2019

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE:

To investigate choriocapillary blood flow in myopic eyes using optical coherence tomography angiography.

PATIENTS AND METHODS:

Seventy-eight myopic and 79 age-matched healthy eyes were included in this study, with myopia defined as a spherical equivalent refraction (SER) between −1 diopters (D) and −6 D. Quantitative measurements of the choriocapillaris were obtained using the Avanti RTVue XR with AngioVue. Choroidal thickness (CT) was assessed using the single-line enhanced high-definition scan of the same device.

RESULTS:

CT correlated positively with SER (
P
= .017) and negatively with bulbus axial length (AL) (
P
= .180). Subfoveal choriocapillary blood flow did not show any significant correlation with any of the parameters SER, AL, or CT (
P
= .798,
P
= .269, and
P
= .820, respectively). The mean flow signal of the myopic group did not differ significantly from the mean flow signal of the emmetropic control group (
P
= .266).

CONCLUSION:

Choriocapillary blood flow seems to retain a constant level with increasing physiological myopia.

[
Ophthalmic Surg Lasers Imaging Retina
. 2019;50:e133–e139.]
Optic Nerve Aplasia, Chorioretinal Hypoplasia, and Microcornea After In Utero Infection With Cytomegalovirus
Authors: Koulisis Nicole , Moysidis Stavros N. , Callaway Natalia F. , Ryder Steven J. , Ventura Camila V. , Mesa Eddy , McKeown Craig A. , Berrocal Audina M.
Published: May 2019

Optic nerve aplasia (ONA) is a rare phenomenon characterized by absence of the optic nerve, retinal blood vessels, and retinal ganglion cells. The authors report a case of optic nerve aplasia in association with congenital cytomegalovirus (CMV) infection, conveyed through multimodal imaging including color fundus photography, fluorescein angiography, and B-scan ultrasonography. Furthermore, the authors review the common ocular findings and previously reported cases of ONA in congenital CMV infection. Screening and counseling can be performed to advise parents about the potential risks and severity of this rare clinical manifestation.

[
Ophthalmic Surg Lasers Imaging Retina
. 2019;50:e171–e175.]
Reliability of 4H-SiC (0001) MOS Gate Oxide by NO Post-Oxide-Annealing
Authors: Xu Heng Yu , Wan Cai Ping , Ao Jin Ping
Published: May 2019

In this work, we investigated the oxide reliability of 4H-SiC (0001) MOS capacitors, the oxide was fabricated about 60 nm by thermal oxidation temperature at 1350°C, the oxides than annealed at different temperatures and times in diluted NO (10% in N2). The 4H-SiC MOS structure was analyzed by C-V and I-V measurement. Compared the J-E curves and Weibull distribution curves of charge-to-breakdown for fives samples under different annealing temperature and time, it shows that the high annealing temperature improves the electrical properties as the lifetime enhanced. The mode value of field-to-breakdown (EBD) for thermal oxides by post-oxide-annealing in NO for 30 min at 1350°C was 10.09 MV/cm, the charge-to-breakdown (QBD) of this sample was the highest in all samples, and the QBD value at 63.2% cumulative failure rate was 0.15 C/cm2. The QBD of the sample annealing at 1200°C for 120 min was 0.06 C/ cm2. The effects of NO annealing in high temperature enhance the lifetime of electrical properties and field-to-breakdown obviously. It can be demonstrated that the annealing temperature as high as 1300°C for 30 min can be used to accelerate TDDB of SiC MOS gate oxide.
Thermo-Mechanical Reliability of 1200V-450A IGBT Module Considering Voids in the Solder Layer
Authors: Guo Xin Hua , Yang Guang Deng , Fu Jin Yuan , Huang Ke
Published: May 2019

1200V-450A IGBT power modules are fabricated in this paper. We study both the steady state and transient thermal performance of the IGBT assemblies by the finite element method using commercial software ANSYS Workbench to better understand the characteristic. Furthermore, power cycling tests indicate that inelastic strain increase as the numbers of cycles increase. In addition, X-ray photographs and ultrasound scan images were compared before and after the experiment. The thrust force of bonding wires decrease with increasing numbers of cycles, as indicated by tested.
Theoretical Calculation and Simulation for Microcantilevers Based on SiC Epitaxial Layers
Authors: Liu Xing Fang , Yan Guo Guo , Shen Zhan Wei , Wen Zheng Xin , Chen Jun , He Ya Wei , Zhao Wan Shun , Wang Lei , Guan Min , Zhang Feng , Sun Guo Sheng , Zeng Yi Ping
Published: May 2019

The resonant frequency and Q factor of the SiC microcantilever were theoretically analyzed and calculated based on the stereotyped basic theories of the cantilever beam, and the relationship between the vibration mode and structure geometries was also simulated. Modal analysis by means of finite element method was performed on millimeter-, micron-and nanoscale microcantilevers, and the results showed that the smaller the microstructure was, the higher the resonant frequency can be obtained. The Q factor can be extracted from hamonic spectra after modal analysis, and the amplitude of Q factor was about 105. This paper shows that SiC epitaxial layers have great potential in microcantilevers.
Electron Mobility due to Surface Roughness Scattering in Depleted GaAs Free-Standing Thin Ribbon
Authors: Hu Xi Duo , Li Cheng Ming , Yang Shao Yan
Published: May 2019

Abstract:Electron mobility limited by surface roughness scattering in free-standing GaAs thin ribbon with an internal parabolic quantum well caused by surface state is investigated in detail. Based on analyzing the parabolic quantum well including the energy subband level, wave function and the confined potential profile in the thin ribbon by solving Schrödinger and Poisson equations self-consistently, the electron mobility could be investigated. Conclusion indicates that remote surface roughness (RSR) of the thin ribbon will change the two dimensional electron gas (2DEG) mobility through the medium of barrier height fluctuation of the parabolic well in atomic scale. Calculation results reveal that the 2DEG mobility decreases with increasing roughness amplitude, which is characterized in terms of the surface roughness height and the roughness lateral size.
Improved Electrical Properties of 4H-SiC MOS Devices with High Temperature Thermal Oxidation
Authors: Xu Heng Yu , Wan Cai Ping , Ao Jin Ping
Published: May 2019

We reported that high oxidation temperature is attributed to break Si-C bond and release nitrogen gas to nitrogen ions over 1350°C. The capacitance-voltage characteristics of SiO2/4H-SiC (0001) MOS capacitors fabricated under different thermal oxidation conditions are compared. The dependence of oxidation temperature on device characteristics (such as VFB and ΔVFB) is also analyzed. After a high temperature oxidation, the device reliability of SiC MOS is improved. Such behavior can be attributed to the reduction of the interface traps during high temperature oxidation.
Development and validation of a high performance liquid chromatography method to determine nevirapine in plasma in a resource-limited setting
Authors: Makita-Chingombe Faithful , Ocque Andrew J. , DiFrancesco Robin , Maponga Charles , Muzambi Farai , Monera-Penduka Tsitsi G. , Mudzviti Tinashe , Mtisi Takudzwa J. , Morse Gene D.
Published: May 2019

Background: There are several instances where nevirapine pharmacokinetic monitoring may be useful, such as in special populations or pharmacokinetic drug interaction studies that require the ascertainment of nevirapine pharmacokinetics in the sub-Saharan region.Objectives: The main aim of this study was to produce a validated, sustainable and relevant nevirapine assay method that meets bio-analytical regulatory requirements.Methods: The developed method utilised a Waters 2795 Alliance high performance liquid chromatography system with a 2996 photo diode array detector, an Atlantis dC18 5 micron, 3.9 mm × 150 mm analytical column and a gradient flow rate of 1 mL/min. Ultraviolet detection data were collected from 210 nm to 400 nm, extracted at 260 nm, and processed for nevirapine and internal standard peak height responses.Results: The method proved to be linear (R2 0.995), precise (+1.92% – +9.69%) and accurate (-9.70% – 12.0%). Recovery for the analyte and internal standard was between 98.8% and 114%. The method showed good specificity as no interferences were caused by common African traditional medicines, anti-tuberculosis medications or other concomitant antiretrovirals nor endogenous components.Conclusion: The method is reproducible, relevant to our setting and uses considerably low plasma volumes with preservation of some consumables, a desirable key factor in a resource-limited setting.
Oscillation Criteria for Second Order Ordinary Differential Equations
Authors: Naito Manabu
Published: May 2019

We establish new oscillation criteria for nonlinear differential equations of second order. The results here make some improvements of oscillation criteria of Butler, Erbe, and Mingarelli [2], Wong [8, 9], and Philos and Purnaras [6].
High-time-resolution source apportionment of PM2.5 in Beijing with multiple models
Authors: Liu Yue , Zheng Mei , Yu Mingyuan , Cai Xuhui , Du Huiyun , Li Jie , Zhou Tian , Yan Caiqing , Wang Xuesong , Shi Zongbo , Harrison Roy M. , Zhang Qiang , He Kebin
Published: May 2019

Abstract. Beijing has suffered from heavy local emissions as well as regional
transport of air pollutants, resulting in severe atmospheric fine-particle
(PM2.5) pollution. This study developed a combined method to
investigate source types of PM2.5 and its source regions during winter
2016 in Beijing, which include the receptor model (positive matrix
factorization, PMF), footprint and an air quality model. The PMF model was
performed with high-time-resolution measurements of trace elements, water
soluble ions, organic carbon and elemental carbon using online instruments
during the wintertime campaign of the Air Pollution and Human Health in a Chinese Megacity – Beijing
(APHH-Beijing) program in 2016. Source types and their contributions
estimated by PMF model using online measurements were linked with source
regions identified by the footprint model, and the regional transport
contribution was estimated by an air quality model (the Nested Air Quality
Prediction Model System, NAQPMS) to analyze the specific sources and source
regions during haze episodes. Our results show that secondary and biomass-burning sources were dominated by regional transport, while the coal
combustion source increased with local contribution, suggesting that strict
control strategies for local coal combustion in Beijing and a reduction of
biomass-burning and gaseous precursor emissions in surrounding areas were
essential to improve air quality in Beijing. The combination of PMF with
footprint results revealed that secondary sources were mainly associated
with southern footprints (53 %). The northern footprint was characterized
by a high dust source contribution (11 %), while industrial sources
increased with the eastern footprint (10 %). The results demonstrated the
power of combining receptor model-based source apportionment with other
models in understanding the formation of haze episodes and identifying
specific sources from different source regions affecting air quality in
Beijing.
Scaling laws in Hall-inertial range turbulence
Authors: Narita Yasuhito , Baumjohann Wolfgang , Treumann Rudolf A.
Published: May 2019

Abstract. There is an increasing amount of observational evidence in space plasma for the breakdown of inertial-range spectra of magnetohydrodynamic (MHD) turbulence on spatial scales smaller than the ion inertial length. Magnetic energy spectra often exhibit a steepening, which is reminiscent of dissipation of turbulence energy, for example in wave-particle interactions. Electric energy spectra, on the other hand, tend to be flatter than those of MHD turbulence, which is indicative of a dispersive process converting magnetic into electric energy in electromagnetic wave excitation. Here we develop a model of the scaling laws and the power spectra for the Hall-inertial range in plasma turbulence. A phenomenological approach is taken. The Hall electric field attains an electrostatic component when the wave vectors are perpendicular to the mean magnetic field. The power spectra of Hall-turbulence are steep for the magnetic field with slope of −7/3 for compressible magnetic turbulence, they are flatter for the Hall electric field with slope −1/3. Our model for the Hall-turbulence serves as a likely candidate to explain the steepening of the magnetic energy spectra in the solar wind neither as indication of the dissipation range nor the dispersive range but as the Hall-inertial range. Our model also reproduces the shape of energy spectra in Kelvin-Helmholtz turbulence observed at the Earth magnetopause.
Investigating the effect of El Niño on nitrous oxide distribution in the eastern tropical South Pacific
Authors: Ji Qixing , Altabet Mark A. , Bange Hermann W. , Graco Michelle I. , Ma Xiao , Arévalo-Martínez Damian L. , Grundle Damian S.
Published: May 2019

Abstract. The open ocean is a major source of nitrous oxide
(N2O), an atmospheric trace gas attributable to global warming and
ozone depletion. Intense sea-to-air N2O fluxes occur in major oceanic
upwelling regions such as the eastern tropical South Pacific (ETSP). The
ETSP is influenced by the El Niño–Southern Oscillation that leads to
inter-annual variations in physical, chemical, and biological properties in
the water column. In October 2015, a strong El Niño event was developing
in the ETSP; we conduct field observations to investigate (1) the N2O
production pathways and associated biogeochemical properties and (2) the
effects of El Niño on water column N2O distributions and fluxes
using data from previous non-El Niño years. Analysis of N2O natural
abundance isotopomers suggested that nitrification and partial
denitrification (nitrate and nitrite reduction to N2O) were occurring
in the near-surface waters; indicating that both pathways contributed to
N2O effluxes. Higher-than-normal sea surface temperatures were
associated with a deepening of the oxycline and the oxygen minimum layer.
Within the shelf region, surface N2O supersaturation was nearly an
order of magnitude lower than that of non-El Niño years. Therefore, a
significant reduction of N2O efflux (75 %–95 %) in the ETSP
occurred during the 2015 El Niño. At both offshore and coastal stations,
the N2O concentration profiles during El Niño showed moderate
N2O concentration gradients, and the peak N2O concentrations
occurred at deeper depths during El Niño years; this was likely the
result of suppressed upwelling retaining N2O in subsurface waters. At
multiple stations, water-column inventories of N2O within the top 1000 m were up to 160 % higher than those measured in non-El Niño years,
indicating that subsurface N2O during El Niño could be a reservoir
for intense N2O effluxes when normal upwelling is resumed after El
Niño.
Paleo-hydrologic reconstruction of 400 years of past flows at a weekly time step for major rivers of Western Canada
Authors: Slaughter Andrew R. , Razavi Saman
Published: May 2019

Abstract. The assumption of stationarity in water resources no longer holds, particularly within the context of future climate change. Plausible scenarios of flows that fluctuate outside the envelope of variability of the gauging data are required to assess the robustness of water resources systems to future conditions. This study presents a novel method of generating weekly-time-step flows based on tree-ring chronology data. Specifically, this method addresses two long-standing challenges with paleo-reconstruction: (1) the typically limited predictive power of tree-ring data at the annual and sub-annual scale, and (2) the inflated short-term persistence in tree-ring time series and improper use of prewhitening. Unlike the conventional approach, this method establishes relationships between tree-ring chronologies and naturalised flow at a biennial scale to preserve persistence properties and variability of hydrological time series. Biennial flow reconstructions are further disaggregated to weekly, according to the weekly flow distribution of reference two-year instrumental periods, identified as periods with broadly similar tree-ring properties to that of every two-year paleo-period. The Saskatchewan River Basin (SaskRB), a major river in Western Canada, is selected as a study area, and weekly flows in its four major tributaries are extended back to the year 1600. The study shows that the reconstructed flows properly preserve the statistical properties of the reference flows, particularly, short- to long-term persistence and the structure of variability across time scales. An ensemble approach is presented to represent the uncertainty inherent in the statistical relationships and disaggregation method. The ensemble of reconstructed weekly flows are publically available for download from https://doi.org/10.20383/101.0139 (Slaughter and Razavi, 2019).
Flash Flood! – A SeriousGeoGame combining science festivals, video games, and virtual reality with research data for communicating flood risk and geomorphology
Authors: Skinner Chris
Published: May 2019

Abstract. The risk of flooding around the world is large and increasing yet in many areas there is still a difficulty in engaging the public with their own flood risk. Geomorphology is a science which is linked to flooding and can exacerbate risks but awareness of the science with the public is low, and declining within academia. To increase awareness it is important to engage the public directly with the science and those who are working to reduce flood risks – this starts by inspiring people to seek out further information through positive experiences of the science and researchers. Here, a new framework is presented to engage the public with specific research projects by using the best components offered by the popular mediums of games, virtual reality, and science festivals, to allow the public to get hands on with research data and models – SeriousGeoGames. A SeriousGeoGame, Flash Flood!, was developed around real geomorphology survey data to help engage the public with a flood risk related research project by placing them in a river valley as it undergoes a geomorphically-active flooding from intense rainfall event. Flash Flood! was exhibited at science festivals and similar events in the UK by scientists on the project, and supported with online content including videos. Through event feedback it was shown to create positive experiences for participants and inspired curiosity as seen through online analytics. This is hoped to inspire more fruitful engagements with relevant agencies in the future when it matters most.
Intra-catchment variability of surface saturation – insights from longterm
observations and simulations
Authors: Glaser Barbara , Antonelli Marta , Hopp Luisa , Klaus Julian
Published: May 2019

Abstract. The inundation of flood-prone areas varies in space and time and can have crucial impacts on runoff generation and water quality when the surface saturated areas become connected to the stream. In this study, we aimed to investigate and explain the variability of surface saturation patterns and dynamics within a forested headwater catchment. On the one hand, we mapped surface saturation in seven distinct riparian areas of the Weierbach catchment (Luxembourg) with thermal infrared images, taken weekly to bi-weekly over a period of two years. On the other hand, we simulated the surface saturation generation in the catchment with the integrated surface subsurface hydrologic model HydroGeoSphere over the same period. Both the observations and simulations showed that the saturation dynamics were similar across the catchment, but that small differences between the dynamics at different areas occurred. Moreover, the model reproduced the observed saturation patterns well for all seasonal and hydrologic conditions and at all investigated locations. Based on the observations and simulation results and the matches and mismatches between them, we concluded that the generation of surface saturation in the Weierbach catchment was largely controlled by exfiltration of groundwater into local depressions. However, we also illustrate that the entire variability of the patterns, dynamics and frequencies of surface saturation within the different riparian areas of the catchment can only result from additional controlling factors to microtopography and groundwater exfiltration, such as differing hysteretic behaviour, differing subsurface structures, or additional water sources.