bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Structural analysis of customized 3D printed plate for pelvic bone by comparison with conventional plate based on bending process
Authors: Jo Woo-Lam , Chung Yang-Guk , Shin Seung-Han , Lim Jae-hak , Kim Moo-Sub , Yoon Do-Kun
Published: June 2023

Pelvic bone fracture is highly complex, and its anatomical reduction is difficult. Therefore, patient-specific customized plates have been developed using three-dimensional (3D) printing technology and are being increasingly used. In this study, the reduction status in five representative pelvic fracture models was compared between two groups: the 3D printing plate (3DP) group using a patient-specific 3D printed plate after virtual reduction and the conventional plate (CP) group using a conventional plate by manual bending. The 3DP and CP groups included 10 and 5 cases, respectively. The fractured models were reduced virtually and their non-locking metal plates were customized using 3D printing. The process of contouring the conventional plates to fit the contact surface of the bone with the bending tool was conducted by an experienced pelvic bone trauma surgeon. The reduction and fixation achieved using the two different plate groups was compared, and the significance of differences in the results was analyzed using paired t-tests, after verifying the normality of data distribution. The vertex distances between the surface of the bone and the contact surface of the plate were significantly lower in the 3DP group than in the CP group (0.407 ± 0.342 and 2.195 ± 1.643, respectively, P = 0.008). Length and angular variations, which are measurements of the reduction state, were also lower in the 3DP group than in the CP group (length variation: 3.211 ± 2.497 and 5.493 ± 3.609, respectively, P = 0.051; angular variation: 2.958 ± 1.977 and 4.352 ± 1.947, respectively, P = 0.037). The customized 3D printed plate in the virtual reduction model provided a highly accurate reduction of pelvic bone fractures, suggesting that the customized 3D printed plate may help ensure easy and accurate reduction.
Investigating the possibility of extending the BWR cycle length for 15 years of operation by mixing highly enriched UO2 fuel with burnable absorbers
Authors: Mustafa Sayed Saeed
Published: June 2023

This paper investigates the possibility to extend the cycle length of boiling water reactor bundles to 15 years of operation with three different burnable poisons; gadolinium, erbium, and boron carbide. This can be carried out by mixing highly enriched UO2 fuel (15–19.9% U-235) with high concentrations of Gadolinium oxide (3–14% Gd2O3) or Erbium oxide (2–4% Er2O3).The boron carbide B4C was modeled as (Al2O3-B4C) rods in the bundle guide tubes. MCNPX code 2.7 was used to evaluate infinite multiplication factor (K-inf), power distribution, peaking factor, void reactivity coefficient, fuel cycle length, depletion of U-235, and fissile inventory ratio for the three designs at 40% void. The MCNPX simulation showed that introducing gadolinium rods at the bundle periphery has the advantage of lowering reactivity swing throughout the exposure range. The uniform distribution of erbium in all fuel rods contributed to the flattening of peaking factor at all the burnup stages. For the B4C design, the author found that the assembly with B4C–Al performs best in terms of reactivity flattening when five of the B4C–AL2O3 rods are positioned in the central region of the assembly. Furthermore, the fuel temperature coefficient is more negative for gadolinium design at all burnup stages. On the other hand, the boron model delivers the lowest control rod worth. Finally, the moderator temperature coefficient is more negative for erbium and WABA designs due to the enhanced thermal neutrons capture by the effect of the strategic arrangement of WABA rods and the uniform distribution of erbium.
Downregulation of SODD mediates carnosol-induced reduction in cell proliferation in esophageal adenocarcinoma cells
Authors: Li Aihua , Cao Weibiao
Published: June 2023

Esophageal adenocarcinoma carries a poor prognosis associated with a 5-year survival rate of 12.5–20%. Therefore, a new therapeutic modality is needed for this lethal tumor. Carnosol is a phenolic diterpene purified from the herbs such as rosemary and Mountain desert sage and has been shown to have anticancer activities in multiple cancers. In this study we examined the effect of carnosol on cell proliferation in esophageal adenocarcinoma cells. We found that carnosol dose-dependently decreased cell proliferation in FLO-1 esophageal adenocarcinoma cells and significantly increased caspase-3 protein, indicating that carnosol decreases cell proliferation and increases cell apoptosis in FLO-1 cells. Carnosol significantly increased H2O2 production and N-acetyl cysteine, a reactive oxygen species (ROS) scavenger, significantly inhibited carnosol-induced decrease in cell proliferation, indicating that ROS may mediate carnosol-induced decrease in cell proliferation. Carnosol-induced decrease in cell proliferation was partially reversed by NADPH oxidase inhibitor apocynin, suggesting that NADPH oxidases may be partially involved in carnosol’s effect. In addition, carnosol significantly downregulated SODD protein and mRNA expression and knockdown of SODD significantly inhibited the carnosol-induced reduction in cell proliferation, suggesting that downregulation of SODD may contribute to carnosol-induced reduction in cell proliferation. We conclude that carnosol dose-dependently decreased cell proliferation and significantly increased caspase-3 protein. Carnosol’s effect may be through the overproduction of ROS and the downregulation of SODD. Carnosol might be useful for the treatment of esophageal adenocarcinoma.
Comprehensive analysis of angiogenesis pattern and related immune landscape for individual treatment in osteosarcoma
Authors: Liao Zhuangyao , Li Ming , Wen Guoming , Wang Kun , Yao Dengbo , Chen Enming , Liang Yuwei , Xing Tong , Su Kaihui , Liang Changchun , Che Zhen , Ning Qing , Tang Jun , Yan Wenbin , Li Yuxi , Huang Lin
Published: June 2023

Postoperative recurrence and metastasis are the main reasons for the poor prognosis of osteosarcoma (OS). Currently, an ideal predictor for not only prognosis but also drug sensitivity and immunotherapy responses in OS patients is urgently needed. Angiogenesis plays a crucial role in tumour progression, which suggests its immense potential for predicting prognosis and responses to immunotherapy for OS. Angiogenesis patterns in OS were explored in depth in this study to construct a prognostic model called ANGscore and clarify the underlying mechanism involved in the immune microenvironment. The efficacy and robustness of the model were validated in multiple datasets, including bulk RNA-seq datasets (TARGET-OS, GSE21257), a single-cell RNA-seq dataset (GSE152048) and immunotherapy-related datasets (GSE91061, GSE173839). OS patients with a high ANGscore had a worse prognosis, accompanied by the immune desert phenotype. Pseudotime and cellular communication analyses in scRNA-seq data revealed that as the ANGscore increased, the malignant degree of cells increased, and IFN-γ signalling was involved in tumour progression and regulation of the tumour immune microenvironment. Furthermore, the ANGscore was associated with immune cell infiltration and the response rate to immunotherapy. OS patients with high ANGscore might be resistant to uprosertib, and be sensitive to VE821, AZD6738 and BMS.345541. In conclusion, we established a novel ANGscore system by comprehensively analysing the expression pattern of angiogenesis genes, which can accurately differentiate the prognosis and immune characteristics of OS populations. Additionally, the ANGscore can be used for patient stratification during immunotherapy, and guide individualized treatment strategies.
Spatially differentiated nitrogen supply is key in a global food–fertilizer price crisis
Authors: Snapp Sieglinde , Sapkota Tek Bahadur , Chamberlin Jordan , Cox Cindy Marie , Gameda Samuel , Jat Mangi Lal , Marenya Paswel , Mottaleb Khondoker Abdul , Negra Christine , Senthilkumar Kalimuthu , Sida Tesfaye Shiferaw , Singh Upendra , Stewart Zachary P. , Tesfaye Kindie , Govaerts Bram
Published: June 2023

A regional geopolitical conflict and sudden massive supply disruptions have revealed vulnerabilities in our global fuel–fertilizer–food nexus. As nitrogen (N) fertilizer price spikes threaten food security, differentiated responses are required to maintain staple cereal yields across over- and underfertilized agricultural systems. Through integrated management of organic and inorganic N sources in high- to low-input cereal production systems, we estimate potential total N-fertilizer savings of 11% in India, 49% in Ethiopia and 44% in Malawi. Shifting to more cost-effective, high-N fertilizer (such as urea), combined with compost and integration of legumes, can optimize N in N-deficient systems. Better targeted and more efficient N-fertilizer use will benefit systems with surplus N. Geospatially differentiated fertilization strategies should prioritize high-N fertilizer supply to low-yield, N-deficient locations and balanced fertilization of N, P, K and micronutrients in high-yield systems. Nationally, governments can invest in extension and realign subsidies to enable and incentivize improved N management at the farm level.
A human proteogenomic-cellular framework identifies KIF5A as a modulator of astrocyte process integrity with relevance to ALS
Authors: Szebényi Kornélia , Barrio-Hernandez Inigo , Gibbons George M. , Biasetti Luca , Troakes Claire , Beltrao Pedro , Lakatos András
Published: June 2023

Genome-wide association studies identified several disease-causing mutations in neurodegenerative diseases, including amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS). However, the contribution of genetic variants to pathway disturbances and their cell type-specific variations, especially in glia, is poorly understood. We integrated ALS GWAS-linked gene networks with human astrocyte-specific multi-omics datasets to elucidate pathognomonic signatures. It predicts that KIF5A, a motor protein kinesin-1 heavy-chain isoform, previously detected only in neurons, can also potentiate disease pathways in astrocytes. Using postmortem tissue and super-resolution structured illumination microscopy in cell-based perturbation platforms, we provide evidence that KIF5A is present in astrocyte processes and its deficiency disrupts structural integrity and mitochondrial transport. We show that this may underly cytoskeletal and trafficking changes in SOD1 ALS astrocytes characterised by low KIF5A levels, which can be rescued by c-Jun N-terminal Kinase-1 (JNK1), a kinesin transport regulator. Altogether, our pipeline reveals a mechanism controlling astrocyte process integrity, a pre-requisite for synapse maintenance and suggests a targetable loss-of-function in ALS.
Interplay between alkali-metal cations and silanol sites in nanosized CHA zeolite and implications for CO2 adsorption
Authors: Ghojavand Sajjad , Dib Eddy , Rey Jérôme , Daouli Ayoub , Clatworthy Edwin B. , Bazin Philippe , Ruaux Valérie , Badawi Michael , Mintova Svetlana
Published: June 2023

Silanols are key players in the application performance of zeolites, yet, their localization and hydrogen bonding strength need more studies. The effects of post-synthetic ion exchange on nanosized chabazite (CHA), focusing on the formation of silanols, were studied. The significant alteration of the silanols of the chabazite nanozeolite upon ion exchange and their effect on the CO2 adsorption capacity was revealed by solid-state nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR), Fourier-transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy, and periodic density functional theory (DFT) calculations. Both theoretical and experimental results revealed changing the ratio of extra-framework cations in CHA zeolites changes the population of silanols; decreasing the Cs+/K+ ratio creates more silanols. Upon adsorption of CO2, the distribution and strength of the silanols also changed with increased hydrogen bonding, thus revealing an interaction of silanols with CO2 molecules. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first evidence of the interplay between alkali-metal cations and silanols in nanosized CHA.
Unveiling the properties of liquids via photothermal-induced diffraction patterns
Authors: Domínguez-Juárez Jorge L. , Quintero-Torres Rafael , Cardoso-Duarte Manuel A. , Quiroz-Juárez Mario A. , Aragón Jose L. , Villatoro Joel
Published: June 2023

The interaction of a laser with a liquid can cause temperature changes in the liquid from which some properties of the latter can be indirectly obtained. However, from just temperature changes, a sample cannot be identified. Here, we report on the interaction of tightly focused femtosecond infrared light into secondary hydrogen-bonded liquids like water, organic compounds, and binary mixtures. Such interaction induces a local change in the sample’s index of refraction. The latter alters the wavefront of a white-light probe beam, giving rise to unique diffraction patterns that can be observed in the far field. The specific diffraction patterns may be considered as the optical signatures or fingerprints of the liquids studied. The technique proposed here is noninvasive and simple to implement with commercially available supercontinuum sources and digital cameras. Thus, it may be useful for the development of compact thermal lens spectroscopic instruments for a number of practical applications.
Relative benefits of allocating land to bioenergy crops and forests vary by region
Authors: Melnikova Irina , Ciais Philippe , Tanaka Katsumasa , Vuichard Nicolas , Boucher Olivier
Published: June 2023

Carbon dioxide removal is essential for achieving the Paris Agreement targets. Here we compare bioenergy with carbon capture and storage (BECCS) and afforestation and reforestation in terms of their carbon removal potentials and impacts on carbon cycle and surface climate under an overshoot pathway using Earth System Model simulations. Althought initially BECCS can remove more carbon in allocated areas, carbon dioxide emissions from land use change regionally offset the benefits of BECCS compared to afforestation, depending on the carbon capture and storage efficiency and timescales required to achieve mitigation targets. Furthermore, BECCS may cause local cooling in high- and mid-latitude subregions of the Northern Hemisphere dominated by albedo effects, while afforestation causes local cooling in subtropical and tropical subregions through non-radiative mechanisms. The decision to allocate land to bioenergy crops or forests should account for their respective carbon removal potentials, modulated by carbon-concentration and carbon-climate feedbacks, and the effects on climate.
Infrared nanospectroscopy depth-dependent study of modern materials: morpho-chemical analysis of polyurethane/fibroin binary meshes
Authors: Caldiroli Alice , Cappelletti Sara , Birarda Giovanni , Redaelli Alberto , Adele Riboldi Stefania , Stani Chiaramaria , Vaccari Lisa , Piccirilli Federica
Published: June 2023

Infrared scattering-type scanning near-field optical microscopy (IR s-SNOM) and imaging, attenuated total reflection (ATR) IR imaging, and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) are exploited to depict the nature of fibers in hybrid electrospun meshes.
N-Acyl-1,2,3-triazoles – key intermediates in denitrogenative transformations
Authors: Motornov Vladimir , Pohl Radek , Klepetářová Blanka , Beier Petr
Published: June 2023

N-Acyl-1,2,3-triazoles were fully characterized and their role in denitrogenative transformations was demonstrated.
Highly sensitive quantification of ultratrace As(v)viaiEESI-MS
Authors: Yang Yanmei , Wang Weiqing , Chen Zhenzhen , Wang Xiaoxiao , Meng Xia , Wang Zhenhua , Jiao Heping , Tong Lili , Tang Bo
Published: June 2023

In this report, we proposed a Fe3O4@CeO2-GPC-based iEESI-MS platform for direct quantification of ultratrace As(v). We demonstrated the great success of this platform in detecting As(v) in real food, environmental water and even biological milieus.
Inherent structures of water using fully ab initio simulations
Authors: Cao Shuo , Zhao Gang , Wang Dehua
Published: June 2023

The inherent structure suggests that there are three types of translational ordering of the second oxygen coordination shell hidden in water, labeled I, II, and III, here. Inset: schematic diagram of three types of structures.
The effect of the intramolecular disorder on hot exciton dynamics in polymer solar cells
Authors: Zhang Maomao , Lu Qiuxia , Liu Xiaojing , An Zhong
Published: June 2023

In this work, the effect of disorder within a polymer molecule on the generation and relaxation of hot excitons was studied.
Second harmonic generation from aluminum plasmonic nanocavities: from scanning to imaging
Authors: Zar Tchiya , Krause Alon , Shavit Omer , Aharon Hannah , Ron Racheli , Oheim Martin , Salomon Adi
Published: June 2023

High SHG responses from triangular array milled in an aluminum film enables SHG imaging of a large area, within a time scale of less than 0.5 s.
Cl@Si20X20 cages: evaluation of encapsulation nature, structural rigidity, and 29Si-NMR patterns using relativistic DFT calculations
Authors: MacLeod-Carey Desmond , Rodríguez-Kessler Peter L. , Muñoz-Castro Alvaro
Published: June 2023

Molecular scale Roman dodecahedrons as anion cages. The nature of the interaction and 29Si-NMR-properties reveal the tailorable capabilities of the Si20 towards further modification as three-dimensional hosts.
Tracing the chemical footprint of shocks in AGN-host and starburst galaxies with ALMA multi-line molecular studies
Authors: Huang Ko-Yun , Viti Serena
Published: June 2023

We present an astrochemical modeling study with the aim of comparing shock chemistry traced by HNCO and SiO in two distinctively different environments: the AGN dominated region in the CND of NGC 1068 and the starburst-dominated region in the CMZ of NGC 253.
Glomerular filtration barrier modeling on a chip with tunable basement membrane deposition and 3D cultured podocytes
Authors: Kim Jaehoon , Kim Hyunho , Kang Jeong Suk , Lee Eun Soo , Chung Choon Hee , Oh Hyun Jeong , Kim YongTae , Chung Seok , Lee Eun Young
Published: June 2023

A development of a microfluidic model that replicates the physiology of the glomerular filtration barrier has been achieved by tunable glomerular basement membrane deposition and 3D co-culture of podocytes with glomerular endothelial cells.
Effects of anchoring and spacer groups of asymmetric zinc phthalocyanines on the photovoltaic performance of dye-sensitized solar cells
Authors: Köse Gülşah Gümrükçü , Karaoğlan Gülnur Keser , Maden Yaren Erdağ , Koca Atıf
Published: June 2023

In this study, we aim to change the number of anchoring groups and their spacers to zinc(ii) phthalocyanine (ZnPc) rings to improve the performance of ZnPcs used as photosensitizers in dye-sensitized solar cells (DSSCs).
A mitochondria-targeting “off–on” AIE probe with large Stokes shift for high-contrast H2S imaging in living cells
Authors: Chen Yun , Xu Qiqi , Zhao Weijun , Wang Chengyun
Published: June 2023

The AIE probe TPAS-TN with large Stokes shift exhibits both excellent mitochondrial targeting ability (R= 0.96) and rapid H2S-detection capability.
Doping Fe at the Co-tetrahedra site to improve the microstructure, optical, and Na-ion migrations in Na2Co1−xFexSiO4
Authors: Trabelsi Kawthar , Karoui Karim , Mahmoud Abdelfattah , Boschini Frédéric , Ben Rhaiem Abdallah
Published: June 2023

Na2Co1−xFexSiO4 (NCFS)-based ceramics are some of the most promising alternatives to sodium-ion rechargeable batteries (SIBs).
Synthesis of 3,4-dihydroxy-1,8-naphthalimides with inbuilt catechol and crown ether functionalities
Authors: Rudebeck Elley E. , Ashton Trent D. , Henwood Adam F. , Gunnlaugsson Thorfinnur , Pfeffer Frederick M.
Published: June 2023

Herein the synthesis of 1,8-naphthalimides functionalised as the 3,4-dihydroxy-1,8-naphthalimide (catechol, Nap-Cat) and the corresponding 15-crown-5 (Nap-Crown) is reported.
Electronic and geometric modulations of catalysts for electrochemical CO2 reduction reaction
Authors: Wei Shilin , Liu Weiqi , Yang Chuangchuang , Bai Peiyao , Kong Xiao , Sun Wenbo , Xu Lang
Published: June 2023

Modulations of electronic structures of active sites and geometric structures of catalyst supports play important roles in electrocatalytic activity and selectivity for the carbon dioxide reduction reaction.
Ordered and disordered microstructures of nanoconfined conducting polymers
Authors: Das Sukanya , Venkatesh Pranay , Ghosh Sarbani , Narayan K. S.
Published: June 2023

Alumina nano-cylinders can impose constraints on conducting-polymers and alter its molecular organization and conductivity. Ordered domains of confined PEDOT derivatives are observed at characteristic length scale with disorder–degree depending on dopant environs/processing.
nanoNET: machine learning platform for predicting nanoparticles distribution in a polymer matrix
Authors: Ayush Kumar , Seth Abhishek , Patra Tarak K
Published: June 2023

We report an ML pipeline that predicts the nanoparticle–nanoparticle pair correlation function of a polymer nanocomposite.
High-resolution simulations of LS 5039
Authors: Kissmann R. , Huber D. , Gschwandtner P.
Published: June 2023

Context. We present an analysis of our high-resolution relativistic hydrodynamics model of the stellar- and pulsar-wind interactions in the LS-5039 system.

Aims. With our high-resolution simulation covering three orbital periods, we analyse the impact of turbulence with a particular focus on short-term and orbit-to-orbit variations.

Methods. Our model uses a relativistic hydrodynamical description of the wind interaction in the LS-5039 system, assuming a pulsar wind-driven scenario. The corresponding system of equations was solved using the finite-volume code CRONOS. We computed the statistical quantities, which are also relevant for particle acceleration in this system, from the results of multiple consecutive timesteps.

Results. In our simulation, we find that the previously observed shock structures related to the wind-collision region (WCR), including the pulsar-wind termination, are dynamically influenced by orbital motion. From our high-resolution simulation, we find high turbulence levels following from instabilities driven at the WCR. These instabilities lead to strong fluctuations of several dynamical quantities, especially around and after apastron. These fluctuations are expected to impact the particle transport and especially the related emission of non-thermal radiation. As an important example, the region for which gamma-ray emission has been found to be boosted due to relativistic beaming (in previous studies) shows strong variations in size both on short and orbital timescales.

Conclusions. Using a large computational domain together with a high spatial resolution allowed us to carry out a detailed study of fluctuations in stellar- and pulsar-wind interactions. The results indicate a possible influence on the non-thermal emission from this system, which will be analysed with dedicated simulations in a forthcoming publication.
Influence of Garlic on the Glycemic Control and Lipid Profile in Animals with Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis
Authors: Shojaei-Zarghani Sara , Najafi Nastaran , Fattahi Mohammad Reza , Safarpour Ali Reza
Published: June 2023

Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease is the hepatic sign of metabolic syndrome. Here, we aimed to assess the effects of garlic and its major components on fasting plasma glucose, fasting insulin, and lipid profile levels in animal models of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease. A systematic search in PubMed, Scopus, ProQuest, and Web of Science was performed. After the screening process and data extraction, the pooled effect sizes were estimated using a random-effect model and stated as standardized mean differences and a 95% confidence interval. Out of 839 reports, 22 articles were included in the present study. The pooled results revealed that garlic and its components significantly decreased fasting plasma glucose (standardized mean difference: − 0.77, 95% confidence interval: − 1.42 to − 0.12, I2 : 58.85%), fasting insulin (standardized mean difference: − 1.88, 95% confidence interval: − 3.07 to − 0.69, I2 : 70.42%), serum triglyceride (standardized mean difference: − 1.01, 95% confidence interval: − 1.43 to − 0.59, I2 : 61.41%), cholesterol (standardized mean difference: − 1.00, 95% confidence interval: − 1.39 to − 0.60, I2 : 52.12%), and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (standardized mean difference: − 0.98, 95% CI: − 1.63 to − 0.32, I2 : 71.58%) and increased high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (standardized mean difference: 1.05, 95% confidence interval: 0.52 to 1.58, I2 : 59.39%) levels. The type of animal, nonalcoholic fatty liver disease induction model, kind and duration of intervention, study model, and risk of bias were detected as possible sources of heterogeneity across studies. We conclude that garlic and its major components have a favorable impact on glycemic control and lipid profile in diet-induced nonalcoholic fatty liver disease animal models.
Carbene-Catalyzed Regioselective Addition of Oxindoles to Ynals for Quick Access to Allenes
Authors: Li Tingting , Sun Cuiyun , Nong Yingling , Pang Chen , Zhang Sheng
Published: June 2023

A catalytic regioselective addition reaction of oxindoles with ynals is developed. Allene-containing derivatives bearing various substituents and substitution patterns are afforded as the products in generally moderate to good yields with moderate diastereoselectivities. Several of allenes obtained from this protocol are valuable in the development of novel bactericides for plant protection.
Are face masks effective despite peripheral gaps?
Authors: Lange Katherine De
Published: June 2023

Simulations using a reduced-order model estimate face mask filtration efficiency.
Looking to block out noise? Try metamaterials
Authors: Johnson-Groh Mara
Published: June 2023

The small frequency ranges of acoustic metamaterial absorbers is an advantage in commercial sound blocking applications.
Broadband and tunable sound focusing
Authors: Ikenson Ben
Published: June 2023

Novel coding metasurface promises better broadband sound focusing and tunability.
Development of a novel reciprocating cryogenic tribometer through deformations of measurement structure
Authors: Du Jun , Liu Ning , Zheng Cheng , Zhang Fang , Gao Xing , Liu Kun , Xu Jimin
Published: June 2023

In this study, a novel reciprocating tribometer, in which the frictional pairs were immersed in liquid nitrogen directly, was developed to simulate the cryogenic fluid lubrication. To eliminate the negative influence of extremely low temperature on force sensors, a transfer structure of force-deformation, consisting of cantilever beams and measurement beams, was designed specially. It can transfer the structural deformations caused by the loading force and the friction force from the cryogenic zone to the room-temperature zone. The corresponding measurement principle was discussed in detail, and the linear relationship between the structural deformation and the applied force was verified theoretically. Through static calibration experiments, the fitting relationship between the deformations and the loading/friction force was acquired for the developed tribometer. In final, a preliminary investigation of graphite materials was conducted on the tribometer to compare the room-temperature and cryogenic tribological behaviors.
Tunable elastic wave modulation via local phase dispersion measurements of a piezoelectric metasurface with signal correlation enhancement
Authors: Dupont Joshua , Wang Ting , Christenson Richard , Tang Jiong
Published: June 2023

Tunable piezoelectric metasurfaces have been proposed as a means of adaptively steering incident elastic waves for various applications in vibration mitigation and control. Bonding piezoelectric material to thin structures introduces electromechanical coupling, enabling structural dynamics to be altered via tunable electric shunts connected across each unit cell. For example, by carefully calibrating the inductive shunts, it is possible to implement the discrete phase shifts necessary for gradient-based waveguiding behaviors. However, experimental validations of localized phase shifting are challenging due to the narrow bandgap of local resonators, resulting in poor transmission of incident waves and high sensitivity to transient noise. These factors, in combination with the difficulties in experimental circuitry synthesis, can lead to significant variability of data acquired within the bandgap operating region. This paper presents a systematic approach for extracting localized phase shifts by taking advantage of the inherent correlation between the incident and transmitted wavefronts. During this procedure, matched filtering greatly reduces noise in the transmitted signal when operating in or near bandgap frequencies. Experimental results demonstrate phase shifts as large as −170° within the locally resonant bandgap, with an average 28% reduction in error relative to a direct time domain measurement of phase, enabling effective comparison of the dispersive behavior with corresponding analytical and finite element models. In addition to demonstrating the tunable waveguide characteristics of a piezoelectric metasurface, this technique can easily be extended to validate localized phase shifting of other elastic waveguiding metasurfaces.
Inelastic scattering of OH from a liquid PFPE surface: Resolution of correlated speed and angular distributions
Authors: Roman Maksymilian J. , Knight Adam G. , Moon Daniel R. , Lane Paul D. , Greaves Stuart J. , Costen Matthew L. , McKendrick Kenneth G.
Published: June 2023

Inelastic collisions of OH with an inert liquid perfluoropolyether (PFPE) surface have been studied experimentally. A pulsed molecular beam of OH with a kinetic energy distribution peaking at 35 kJ mol−1 was directed at a continually refreshed PFPE surface. OH molecules were detected state-selectively with spatial and temporal resolution by pulsed, planar laser-induced fluorescence. The scattered speed distributions were confirmed to be strongly superthermal, regardless of the incidence angle (0° or 45°). Angular scattering distributions were measured for the first time; their reliability was confirmed through extensive Monte Carlo simulations of experimental averaging effects, described in Paper II [A. G. Knight et al., J. Chem. Phys. 158, 244705 (2023)]. The distributions depend markedly on the incidence angle and are correlated with scattered OH speed, consistent with predominantly impulsive scattering. For 45° incidence, the angular distributions are distinctly asymmetric to the specular side but peak at sub-specular angles. This, along with the breadth of the distributions, is incompatible with scattering from a surface that is flat on a molecular scale. New molecular dynamics simulations corroborate the roughness of the PFPE surface. A subtle but unexpected systematic dependence of the angular distribution on the OH rotational state was found, which may be dynamical in origin. The OH angular distributions are similar to those for kinematically similar Ne scattering from PFPE and hence not strongly perturbed by OH being a linear rotor. The results here are broadly compatible with prior predictions from independent quasiclassical trajectory simulations of OH scattering from a model-fluorinated self-assembled monolayer surface.
Face masks provide high outward protection despite peripheral leakage: Insights from a reduced-order model of face mask aerodynamics
Authors: Solano Tomas , Shoele Kourosh , Mittal Rajat
Published: June 2023

A reduced-order model of face mask aerodynamics and aerosol filtration is introduced. This model incorporates existing empirical data on filtration efficiency for different types of face masks, as well as the size distribution of exhaled aerosol particles. By considering realistic peripheral gap profiles, our model estimates both the extent of peripheral leakage and the fitted filtration efficiency of face masks in terms of outward protection. Simulations employing realistic peripheral gap profiles reveal that, for surgical masks, 80% or more of the total exhaled airflow could leak through the mask periphery, even when the average peripheral gap measures only 0.65 mm. However, the majority of exhaled aerosol particles do not follow the flow path through the peripheral gaps but, instead, impact directly on the mask fabric. As a result, these face masks can filter out approximately 70% of the exhaled particles despite the significant peripheral leakage. To validate our model, we compare its predictions with experimental data, and we find a reasonable agreement in estimating the outward protection provided by surgical masks. This validation underscores the reliability of our model in assessing the efficacy of surgical masks. Moreover, leveraging the insights gained from our model, we explore the impact of mask usage on the transmission of respiratory viruses within communities. By considering various scenarios, we can assess the potential reduction in viral spread achieved through widespread mask adoption.
Peristaltic transport of MHD Ree–Eyring fluid through a flexible channel under the influence of activation energy
Authors: Ajithkumar M. , Lakshminarayana P. , Vajravelu K.
Published: June 2023

Peristalsis of Ree–Eyring non-Newtonian fluid is significant to investigate the rheological features of biological fluids such as blood, saliva, intravascular fluids, intracellular fluids, and interstitial fluids. As a consequence of this development, the present article explores the cross-diffusive magnetohydrodynamic peristaltic transport of a Ree–Eyring fluid conveying tiny particles through a flexible porous channel under the influence of activation energy. A lubrication approach is adopted to reduce the complexity of the system. The analytical solution is achieved for the velocity field. In addition, the Runge–Kutta-based shooting technique is employed to solve the temperature and fluid concentration equations. Dual solutions are executed for the Newtonian and Ree–Eyring fluid cases and discussed through tabular and graphical findings for several sets of pertinent parameters. In this investigation, it is perceived that an enhancement in the Darcy number optimizes the velocity field. The fluid temperature rises with elevated values of the Brinkman and Dufour numbers whereas the reverse trend is noticed in the fluid concentration field for Soret and activation energy parameters. Moreover, the obtained outcomes are applicable to a variety of fields in the medical sciences and engineering, such as the radiosurgery, the spectroscopy, the optoelectronics, the power conversion devices, and the nuclear reactor cooling.
Enhancing extraordinary magnetoresistance devices through geometric variations of the outer boundary
Authors: Désiré Pomar Thierry , Frąckowiak Adrianna Elżbieta , Erlandsen Ricci , Valbjørn Christensen Dennis , Bjørk Rasmus
Published: June 2023

Magnetometers with a high sensitivity at weak magnetic fields are desirable for a wide range of sensing applications. Devices that operate on the principle of extraordinary magnetoresistance (EMR) are appealing candidates because of their simplicity and ability to operate at room temperature but they suffer from low sensitivity when compared to state-of-the-art magnetometers such as superconducting quantum interference devices. Since the EMR phenomenon is principally a geometric effect, the shapes of the various parts of the device represent additional degrees-of-freedom which can be manipulated in order to modify the performance of the devices. While previous studies have mostly focused on the inner part of the sensor, in this work, we study the effect of systematically manipulating the shape of the outer boundary. We show that the maximum sensitivity of the device can be increased by 70% by placing a constriction between the voltage or current probes and by 300% if the shape of the boundary is shifted from circular to elliptical. We also show that a finite zero-field sensitivity can be obtained if the horizontal symmetry of the device is broken. These results demonstrate that the outer boundary can have a significant effect on device performance, a finding which paves the way for using shape optimization on the outer boundary for designing sensitive magnetometers.
The role of black soldier fly larval protein and fat in companion-animal nutrition: challenges and opportunities from an industry perspective
Authors: Sutton Anna , Costa Nick D.
Published: June 2023

The pet-food industry is a significant and rapidly growing market, with global sales estimated at over US$100 billion in 2020. The market size for pet food was estimated at 22.9 million tonnes in 2020. The number of cats and dogs being fed commercial pet food is also on the rise, with an estimated 62% of cats and 68% of dogs being fed commercial pet food in the United States alone with an estimated value of A$2.3 billion in 2020. This represents a growth of 3.3% from the previous year, and the market is expected to continue growing with a forecast compound annual growth rate (CAGR) of 3.4% from 2021 to 2025. The demand for high-quality, specialised pet-food products has led to consistent year-on-year growth in the industry. With this, the increasing demand for commercial pet food on a global scale comes with growing sustainability challenges that must be addressed. In this paper, we will examine some of the opportunities for the use of black soldier fly larvae (BSFL) meal and oil in pet-food formulations to reduce the environmental impact of pet food and pet ownership and deliver nutritional and functional benefits to our pets.
Single-cell chromatin accessibility profiling reveals a self-renewing muscle satellite cell state
Authors: Okafor Arinze E. , Lin Xin , Situ Chenghao , Wei Xiaolin , Xiang Yu , Wei Xiuqing , Wu Zhenguo , Diao Yarui
Published: June 2023

A balance between self-renewal and differentiation is critical for the regenerative capacity of tissue-resident stem cells. In skeletal muscle, successful regeneration requires the orchestrated activation, proliferation, and differentiation of muscle satellite cells (MuSCs) that are normally quiescent. A subset of MuSCs undergoes self-renewal to replenish the stem cell pool, but the features that identify and define self-renewing MuSCs remain to be elucidated. Here, through single-cell chromatin accessibility analysis, we reveal the self-renewal versus differentiation trajectories of MuSCs over the course of regeneration in vivo. We identify Betaglycan as a unique marker of self-renewing MuSCs that can be purified and efficiently contributes to regeneration after transplantation. We also show that SMAD4 and downstream genes are genetically required for self-renewal in vivo by restricting differentiation. Our study unveils the identity and mechanisms of self-renewing MuSCs, while providing a key resource for comprehensive analysis of muscle regeneration.
A membrane-sensing mechanism links lipid metabolism to protein degradation at the nuclear envelope
Authors: Lee Shoken , Carrasquillo Rodrı́guez Jake W. , Merta Holly , Bahmanyar Shirin
Published: June 2023

Lipid composition determines organelle identity; however, whether the lipid composition of the inner nuclear membrane (INM) domain of the ER contributes to its identity is not known. Here, we show that the INM lipid environment of animal cells is under local control by CTDNEP1, the master regulator of the phosphatidic acid phosphatase lipin 1. Loss of CTDNEP1 reduces association of an INM-specific diacylglycerol (DAG) biosensor and results in a decreased percentage of polyunsaturated containing DAG species. Alterations in DAG metabolism impact the levels of the resident INM protein Sun2, which is under local proteasomal regulation. We identify a lipid-binding amphipathic helix (AH) in the nucleoplasmic domain of Sun2 that prefers membrane packing defects. INM dissociation of the Sun2 AH is linked to its proteasomal degradation. We suggest that direct lipid–protein interactions contribute to sculpting the INM proteome and that INM identity is adaptable to lipid metabolism, which has broad implications on disease mechanisms associated with the nuclear envelope.
A bridging model of a water-triggered shape-memory effect in an amorphous polymer undergoing multiple glass transitions
Authors: Shi Jiabin , Lu Haibao , Fu Yong-Qing
Published: June 2023

Hydrothermally-driven shape memory polymers (SMPs) have been extensively studied due to their advantage of having multiple response capabilities. In these SMPs,bound water reduces their glass transition temperatures (T
g) by plasticizing the soft segments to achieve a water-triggered shape-memory effect (SME). However, the effect of bound water on hard segments, which has a synergistic effect on the T
g and water-triggered SME of the soft ones, remains largely unexplored. In this study, we propose a new model to explore the working principles and hydrothermally-driven shape memory behaviors of amorphous SMPs. The bound water molecules are first divided into bridging and non-bridging bound water, and then a bridging effect is proposed to convert hard segments into soft ones, thus affecting the T
g and water-triggered shape memory behavior in SMPs. An extended Gordon–Taylor model is formulated to identify the effects of bound water weight fraction and T
g. Furthermore, a constitutive relationship between strain and relaxation time has been developed to describe the effects of temperature and bound water weight fraction on the hydrothermally-driven shape memory behaviors. Finally, the effectiveness of the proposed models is verified using the experimental results of amorphous SMPs reported in the literature.
Visual cue-aided human supervised robot navigation guidance in photometrically challenging environments using adaptive spatial-feature kernel-guided bilateral LPP
Authors: Ghosh Saibal , Chatterjee Amitava , Munshi Sugata
Published: June 2023

The objective of an effective human-robot collaborative (HRC) task is the maximization of human-robot competencies while ensuring the user’s convenience. In photometrically challenging and unstructured HRC environments, data obtained from vision sensors often tend to get degraded due to illumination irregularities and spatio-temporal complexities. To extract useful and discriminative features from the data under such situations, locality-sensitive methods like locality preserving projections (LPPs) become quite useful as it captures the local geometric structure of the high-dimensional data. In LPP, the local structural information is encoded in the form of weight values between two samples in the higher-dimensional Euclidean space. The weight values are learned in a regular and continuous manner which only depends on the spatial distribution of the data. Moreover, because of its weight dependency solely on the Euclidean distance, improper weight values can occur frequently, as the Euclidean distance is susceptible to noise, outliers, and different types of geometrical transformations. This paper proposes an adaptive weight learning method to be utilized in the weight computation of LPP, which allows it to adaptively select and extract more discriminative features from the higher-dimensional input data while preserving the intrinsic structural information of the data. Additionally, to alleviate the issues with spatial dependency, the concept of bilateral filtering that incorporates the range weights from the feature space along with the similarity weight in the Euclidean space has been utilized here. This paper proposes an augmented version of adaptive spatial-feature kernel-guided bilateral filtering inspired LPP which addresses two of these basic and fundamental issues of the conventional LPP.
Spin pumping into a partially compensated antiferromagnetic/paramagnetic insulator
Authors: Buchner M , Lenz K , Ney V , Lindner J , Ney A
Published: June 2023

Spin pumping from a metallic ferromagnet (FM) into an insulating antiferromagnet has been studied across the magnetic phase transition by means of temperature-dependent, broad-band ferromagnetic resonance (FMR) experiments. A set of spin pumping heterostructures consisting of Permalloy (Ni80Fe20) as FM and Zn

1
−
x

Co
x
O with

x
=
0.3
,
0.5

and 0.6 (Co:ZnO) as partially compensated antiferromagnetic insulator has been used for which previous experiments have already pointed out the possibility of the existence of spin-pumping. The present experiments allow to reliably separate the various contributions of the temperature-dependent Gilbert damping parameter to the FMR line-width. A careful analysis of the obtained data demonstrates a significant increase of the temperature-dependence of the Gilbert damping parameter

α
(
T
)

around the magnetic phase transition of Co:ZnO which extends up to room temperature, confirming spin pumping into the fluctuating spin sink of an antiferromagnetic/paramagnetic insulator.
Tri-band metasurface absorber based on square rotational symmetry
Authors: Wang Zizheng , Shen Zhaoyang , Liu Han , Xiang Tianyu
Published: June 2023

In this paper, a multi-band metasurface absorber is designed, measured and investigated. There are four centrosymmetric two-tangent copper trapezoids that make up its unit cell. The parameters of the unit cell have great influence on the frequency of absorption peaks, with optimized parameters leading to absorptivity of 99.4%, 93.9% and 99.7% at 4.80GHz, 8.68GHz and 10.92GHz, respectively. The physical mechanism of absorption is further analyzed based on the distributions of surface current, electric and magnetic field, as well as the impedance matching. Furthermore, the absorber exhibits characteristics of polarization insensitivity and incident sensitivity, which are demonstrated through experiment. In addition, the proposed absorber is able to monitor different environments that the sensitivities are 0.15 GHz/PIU, 0.50 GHz/PIU and 1.53 GHz/PIU at three absorption peaks. In addition, the FOM of the proposed sensors at corresponding resonant frequencies are 0.68, 1.61 and 4.78, respectively. The result reflects that the proposed metasurface shows effective sensing abilities. The designed metasurface absorber has potential applications in both military and civil fields.
Broaden the sound absorption band by using micro-perforated plate back cavities with different cross-sectional areas
Authors: Yan Shanlin , Wu Fei , Zhang Xiao , Hu Man , Ju Zegang , Zhao Jiang
Published: June 2023

In finite size micro-perforated plate structure, the cross-sectional area size of back cavity will affect the resonant frequency of structure. Based on transfer matrix and the characteristics of acoustic propagation in variable cross-section channel, the sound absorption characteristics of the double-layer micro-perforated plate structure with variable cross-section back cavity are studied and analyzed, and a theoretical analysis model of the variable cross-section back cavity micro-perforated plate structure is established. By comparing the theoretical model with the finite element model, the effect of abrupt changes in the cross-sectional area of the back cavity on the noise reduction performance is obtained. As for the double-layer micro-perforated plate in this paper, the bigger the cross-sectional area of back cavity of inner micro-perforated plate, the lower the frequency of first peak absorption coefficient of structure will be and the higher the frequency corresponding to second absorption coefficient peak of structure. Utilizing this feature, a combined micro-perforated plate structure is designed, which has back cavities with different inner cross-sectional areas, and ultimately broadening the structural sound absorption band. Additionally, through using 3D printing technology to produce samples and conducting experimental tests in the impedance tube. Experiments show that the structure can achieve an absorption coefficient of more than 0.8 within the frequency range of 500–1650 Hz, which further improving the noise reduction performance of the MPP structure. The feasibility of variable-sectional back cavity structure for the design of low-frequency and broadband noise reduction absorber is verified.