bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Impact Internal Control on Efficiency of the Organizations in Jaffna District
Authors: Muraleetharan Piriya
Published: December 2019

This study was undertaken with the objective of finding Impact of Internal control on efficiency of organizations in Jaffna District. The study is based on twenty five organizations and wo hundred and forty four respondent in Jaffna District, which are private and public organizations in the district. Internal control assessment is measured by control environment, risk assessment; information and communication, control activities, and monitoring and financial performance is measured by efficiency. Internal control and efficiency measured by correlation analysis and regression analysis. The study finds internal control and efficiency are statistically significant in determining efficiency. Further the study suggests that work performed by the organizations have been implemented in the past and the work schedules take into consideration the goals of internal control. The study further points out that keen attention should be paid on to adopt efficient management information system and training of the staff. All these enhance the staff productivity and reducing costs and also ensure the efficient operation of the firms and financial performance of their operation as well.
Introduction: Teaching Wisdom and Goodness
Authors: Henscheid Jean M.
Published: December 2019

Distilled to its essence, Portland State University's University Studies Program fosters wisdom and goodness in students. The program embodies the kind of education Robert Maynard Hutchins promoted in his 1943 book Education for Freedom for a world, at that time, unsettled by war, economic distress, suspicion, and fear. Teaching students to be wise and good was essential to solving problems Hutchins saw as moral, intellectual, and spiritual, not technical. Teaching students these same skills, in our current unsettled social context, is as critical today as it was three-quarters of a century ago. University Studies does this. Authors in this section describe specific strategies for developing wise and good people, including engaging students with classmates unlike them, teaching them to communicate with a variety of audiences in different contexts, and prompting them to question how they know what they know.
Cybersecurity Capacity: Does It Matter?
Authors: Dutton William H. , Creese Sadie , Shillair Ruth , Bada Maria
Published: December 2019

National cybersecurity capacity building involves the development of managerial, technical, social, legal, policy, and regulatory initiatives by a growing ecology of actors to enhance the resilience of nations to cybersecurity breaches, cybercrime, and terrorism. Capacity building is therefore resource intensive, requiring attention across sectors of society, ranging from governments to Internet users. However, it is difficult to justify commitments to capacity building when the benefits of building national cybersecurity capacity are largely based on logical reasoning, limited case studies, anecdotal evidence, and expert opinion rather than systematic empirical evidence. To explore the value of capacity building, this article reports on the early phase of a systematic effort to bring together cross-national data from multiple sources to examine whether indicators related to the cybersecurity capacity of a nation help explain the experiences of Internet users—one of the final payoffs of cybersecurity capacity building.
The role of prosody in overt pronoun resolution in a null subject language and in a non-null subject language: A production study
Authors: Gargiulo Chiara , Tronnier Mechtild , Bernardini Petra
Published: December 2019

In this study, we investigate how prosodic cues are used when an overt pronoun is associated with either a subject or an object antecedent in Italian and in Swedish. To address this question, 28 Italian speakers and 28 Swedish speakers completed a production task, by reading out loud globally-ambiguous sentences containing overt pronouns and a control interpretation task, where they selected either a subject or an object antecedent for each pronoun, contained in a globally-ambiguous sentence. We expected that the different preference patterns in antecedent assignment in the two languages would affect the speakers’ use of prosody. In Italian, overt pronouns are usually associated with object antecedents, whereas null pronouns are usually associated with subject antecedents (Position of Antecedent Strategy – “PAS” – Carminati 2002). On the other hand, Swedish overt pronouns leave a measure of ambiguity with respect to antecedent assignment. The results of the control interpretation task confirmed that the Italian speakers conformed to the PAS, but the results for the Swedish speakers unexpectedly indicated a preference for subject antecedents. For the production task, the Italian speakers produced longer inter-clausal pauses and pronouns with a higher degree of prominence with subject rather than object antecedents. In contrast, the Swedish speakers produced longer pauses and pronouns with a higher degree of prominence with object rather than subject antecedents. These results suggest that inter-clausal pause and prosodic prominence favoured the most unpredictable antecedent of overt pronouns (see Goad et al. 2018): the subject in Italian and the object in Swedish.
An Investigation of the Mediator Role of School Burnout Between Academic Stress and Academic Motivation
Authors: Veyis Fatih , Seçer İsmail , Ulaş Sümeyye
Published: December 2019

The purpose of this study is to investigate the mediator role of school burnout between academic stress and academic motivation in high school students. In the recent years, academic stress and school burnout have been considered among the problems that affect students in many ways. The study group consists of 690 high school students studying at various high school types. Academic stress, school burnout and academic motivation scales were used to collect data. Correlation analysis and structural equation model were used for data analysis. The findings of the study showed that academic stress and school burnout significantly predicted academic motivation and that school burnout had a full mediating role between academic stress and academic motivation. As a result, it is considered that school burnout is an important risk factor for students who have experienced academic stress and it is necessary to include the mediator role of school burnout in the studies aimed at reducing academic stress and improving motivation. The findings obtained from the research were discussed in line with the literature.
Caridade, meritocracia e redistribuição: a tríade histórica da política social e da extensão rural brasileira
Authors: Quidá Márcio Maltarolli , Cabral Filho Adilson Vaz
Published: December 2019

Este artigo é um ensaio teórico que aborda a historiografia da institucionalidade política da extensão rural brasileira, destacando a similaridade com os eventos alusivos à evolução das políticas sociais desde seu nascedouro na Europa Ocidental. Apresenta a cronologia dos acontecimentos relacionados à extensão rural através de binômios propostos por Rodrigues (1997), a saber: humanismo-assistencialista, difusionismo-produtivista e humanismo-crítico; vis-à-vis as fases residual-caritativa, meritocrático-particularista e institucional-redistributiva presentes na tipologia de Titmuss (1958), conhecida e usual, que leva em consideração a relação entre o público e o privado e o grau de redistribuição dos sistemas de proteção para explicar a evolução histórica das políticas sociais. Nas considerações finais apresenta um quadro comparativo da homogenia, evidenciando as características que aproximam a evolução das políticas sociais com as políticas de extensão rural.
Gestão da cadeia de suprimentos com foco em sustentabilidade e inovação: perfil das publicações em revistas e congressos brasileiros
Authors: Morais Dafne Oliveira Carlos de , Barbieri José Carlos
Published: December 2019

O estudo analisa o perfil das pesquisas nacionais sobre Gestão da Cadeia de Suprimentos com foco em sustentabilidade e inovação, publicadas em congressos de Administração e Engenharia de Produção e em Revistas Qualis A1 a B3, entre 2008 e 2014. Os artigos foram analisados quanto ao ano; congresso/revista; autoria (com rede de parcerias via Ucinet); tipo; metodologia; setor; abordagem teórica; autores mais referenciados; pilares da sustentabilidade; e se considera sustentabilidade e/ou inovação. Foram avaliados 78 artigos. Os anos de 2013 e 2014 são os mais prolíferos. Poucos autores predominam, concentrados em poucas IES. Poucos abordam temas atinentes à inovação, e menos ainda em inovação e a sustentabilidade. Majoritariamente tratam de um ou dois pilares da sustentabilidade, apenas 7% abordaram os pilares econômico e social juntos. A pesquisa mostrou lacunas no campo, mas evidenciou indícios de que caminha para sua consolidação, tendo como base parâmetros da literatura especializada.
Using Smartphones in Learning Arabic by AOU Students
Authors: Alhasanat Issa Khalil
Published: December 2019

The present article explores the use of smartphones by Arab Open University (AOU) students in learning the Arabic Language. The sample consisted of 275 students of those taking Arabic for primary school teachers. A questionnaire was prepared by the researcher to specify relevant uses and was divided into 4 sections: types of students’ devices, useful services, students’ purposes of using such services and challenges to the learning of Arabic on these devices.

The results showed, first, that most students used smartphones, by different percentages, except for the GPS application. Second, they made use of all the services, by various percentages, except for those of games and image viewers. Third, they used smartphones for diverse purposes, but not for administrative data related to learning Arabic. Fourth, there were numerous challenges to the learning process on these devices.

Finally, recommendations were made to develop the use of smartphones in learning Arabic according to the above findings.
Historical and developmental perspectives of occupational therapy
Authors: Godlewska- Anna
Published: December 2019

This paper describes the emergence of the occupational therapy as a social activity and its appreciation as a profession. The article also presents peoplewho were significant in establishing the direction of the therapy’s development. The historical perspective provided introduces the original developmental path of the occupational therapy. The presented perspective is a result of own scientific research, based in particular on the English literature. Therefore, the descriptions presented in the article should be treated as one of several possible ways of interpreting historical and developmental perspectives of occupational therapy.
Fantasies in the dynamics of the sexual deviance and offenses
Authors: Pospiszyl Kazimierz
Published: December 2019

The article contains a review of research on the impact of fantasy on deviations and sexual offenses. It is divided into two main parts. The first one presents the views and results of research on the role of fantasy arising from the cognitive-behavioral tradition, while the second one presents the views presented by psychoanalysts. Efforts have been made to show that there are many convergences between these two ways of interpreting the impact of fantasy on skew and sexual offenses.
In addition, the article emphasizes the fundamental importance of the regularities discussed in the textforan effective therapy. At the same time it showsa great difficulty encountered by a therapist who is trying to teach the patient to control his or her fantasies, as well as show them the necessity of this effort.
General directions in contact modelling development
Authors: MACIOLKA Pawel , JEDRZEJEWSKI Jerzy
Published: December 2019

This paper presents a survey of works, selected from the period of the last twenty years, on deformations in
the contact between rough surfaces. All the selected works use FEM. They deal with the modelling of individual contact asperities or the use of experiment to verify contact models. First, research directions connected with
the modelling of single asperities, whose shape is usually approximated with that of a hemisphere or a half cylinder, are presented. Section 3 discusses research directions concerning models which include the layer under asperities, and models for small contact surfaces (about 1 mm2). Section 4 reviews directions in contact modelling which takes into account neighbouring asperities and laterally loaded asperities. Section 5 discusses directions in the development of models and experiments used or suitable for verifying models. Finally, conclusions concerning accurate contact deformation modelling are presented.
EJT editorial standard for the semantic enhancement of specimen data in taxonomy literature
Authors: Chester Chloë , Agosti Donat , Sautter Guido , Catapano Terry , Martens Koen , Gérard Isabelle , Bénichou Laurence
Published: December 2019

This paper describes a set of guidelines for the citation of zoological and botanical specimens in the European Journal of Taxonomy. The guidelines stipulate controlled vocabularies and precise formats for presenting the specimens examined within a taxonomic publication, which allow for the rich data associated with the primary research material to be harvested, distributed and interlinked online via international biodiversity data aggregators. Herein we explain how the EJT editorial standard was defined and how this initiative fits into the journal’s project to semantically enhance its publications using the Plazi TaxPub DTD extension. By establishing a standardised format for the citation of taxonomic specimens, the journal intends to widen the distribution of and improve accessibility to the data it publishes. Authors who conform to these guidelines will benefit from higher visibility and new ways of visualising their work. In a wider context, we hope that other taxonomy journals will adopt this approach to their publications, adapting their working methods to enable domain-specific text mining to take place. If specimen data can be efficiently cited, harvested and linked to wider resources, we propose that there is also the potential to develop alternative metrics for assessing impact and productivity within the natural sciences.
Enhancing departmental engagement: Using a LibGuide to promote an invited speaker seminar series
Authors: Flaxbart David
Published: December 2019

The departmental seminar has long held a prominent place in the culture of academic science. In chemistry, one of the most tradition-bound STEM disciplines, faculty of all ranks go on the road with prepared talks about their latest research, visiting host departments to share and network. While this mode of communication is time-intensive and not inexpensive, it offers many benefits to all concerned.
A educação ambiental para além do desenvolvimento sustentável
Authors: Oliveira Endell Menezes
Published: December 2019

O presente artigo discorre os perpasses da educação ambiental na formação do desenvolvimento sustentável e seus paradigmas. Designa um panorama entre a relação homem-sociedade-natureza, transcorrendo sobre a atomização do conhecimento em disciplinas, e como essa analogia prejudica a holística de visão da natureza como um todo. Observando, que a educação ambiental encontra-se em um campo de disputa, e que o termo desenvolvimento sustentável, torna-se errôneo e equívoco, na medida em que seu pressuposto mantém o status quo da sociedade, causando discriminação, abusos e acumulação de riquezas.
Educação ambiental: Jacuizinho/RS – conhecer, diagnosticar para preservar!
Authors: Fiuza Marionara Nogueira , Trevisan Mario Luiz
Published: December 2019

O presente trabalho teve como objetivo conhecer as características ambientais do Munícipio de Jacuizinho/RS, avaliando as concepções de jovens em idade escolar sobre os pontos positivos e negativos de seu município, instigando os mesmos e seus respectivos professores a partirem em busca de avaliá-lo, analisando as atividades em âmbito local. O procedimento utilizado foi a pesquisa bibliográfica e de campo. Foram aplicados questionários com questões objetivas aos educandos de nível médio e fundamental em duas escolas, uma localizada em âmbito rural e outra em âmbito urbano, e questionário com questões abertas a educadores das respectivas escolas, os quais estão envolvidos com a EA. Buscou-se conhecer a realidade ambiental a qual professores e alunos estão inseridos. Notou-se que os educadores encontram dificuldades na inserção da educação ambiental, relataram a necessidade de qualificação e efetiva participação dos envolvidos. Segundo eles a falta destes elementos acaba dificultando o desenvolvimento e aplicabilidade deste tema. Há a necessidade da participação de todos; a qualificação dos métodos educacionais e dos profissionais envolvidos, desenvolvendo um trabalho em conjunto com enfoque na realidade em que o educando está inserido para que a partir deste conhecimento os mesmos estejam aptos a analisar as consequências das ações sem planejamento e uso irracional dos recursos naturais.
Avaliação do processo de sensibilização dos alunos do CAP-UERJ sobre a água e o sistema de captação e armazenamento de águas pluviais
Authors: Pereira Suellen Da Silva , Ohnuma Júnior Alfredo Akira , Silva Luciene Pimentel da
Published: December 2019

O tema água é muito recorrente nos dias atuais diante da crise hídrica em diversos municípios brasileiros. Portanto é necessário buscar alternativas para mudanças nas práticas de utilização deste recurso, bem como criar mecanismos estruturantes ou não estruturantes que possam contribuir na gestão dos usos múltiplos da água. Este trabalho tem como objetivo avaliar o processo de sensibilização dos alunos do CAp-UERJ, os métodos de avaliação da pesquisa integram aplicação de questionários aos alunos do 2° e 5° de escolaridade dos Anos Iniciais do Ensino Fundamental a partir da conscientização realizada com a contribuição do sistema de captação de águas pluviais instalado no espaço escolar, proporcionando ferramentas práticas de aprendizagem. Os resultados indicaram que 66% dos alunos apresentaram algum dominío do tema, além de demonstraram argumentos que buscam a racionalização no uso da água.
Laughter Interjections
Authors: Levisen Carsten
Published: December 2019

The purpose of this paper is threefold. Firstly, it seeks to fill a gap in the literature on interjections by suggesting that ‘laughter interjections’ (words such English haha or hehe) make up an important type of interjections that has so far not been accounted for in cross-linguistic work on interjections. Secondly, it argues that laughter interjections are thick with cultural meaning, and that they can play an important role for an “emic turn” in humour studies. Third, it develops a case study on “Danish funniness” with a point of departure in the Danish paradigm of laughter interjections. The paper explores humourous discourse from the perspective of these culturally specific expressive words, and provides high definition analysis of two Danish laughter interjections tøhø and hæhæ, using the Natural Semantic Metalanguage technique of explication. The general framework of the study is Lexical Anthropology, an approach to meaning analysis that combines insights from lexical semantics and linguistic anthropology.
The social life of emotive interjections in spoken British English
Authors: Stange Ulrike
Published: December 2019

This paper explores the discursive use of selected emotive interjections (Ow!, Ouch!; Ugh!, Yuck!; Whoops!, Whoopsadaisy!) in spoken British English. The data (drawn from the Spoken BNC2014) are coded for age, gender, social grade and type of dyad to identify potential factors governing the discursive use of these interjections. Based on 140 relevant tokens, the results suggest that: 1) The individual interjections vary significantly regarding how frequently they are found in discursive uses (p<0.001***). 2) Whoopsadaisy! is not attested in discursive uses. 3) Young female speakers behave differently from the other speaker groups in that they use emotive interjections discursively significantly more frequently (p=0.006***). 4) Female speakers in general use a wider range of interjections discursively: Ow! and Whoops! in discursive uses were absent from male speech. 5) Socio-economic status is irrelevant, as is 6) type of speaker dyad. Thus, the social life of emotive interjections is mainly influenced by speaker gender, and if the speakers are female, also by their age.
Humor og ironi i tværsproglige og tværkulturelle møder. Bona-fide, ikke-bona-fide og bona-fide-cum-humor i dansk og fransk
Authors: Lundquist Lita
Published: December 2019

Artiklen tager udgangspunkt i en empirisk undersøgelse af hvordan danskere og franskmænd anvender og reagerer på humor og ironi i professionelle sammenhænge. Humor er i sig selv et mangefacetteret fænomen der er beskrevet i flere sproglige og ikke sproglige discipliner, men når humor studeres som et tværsprogligt og tværkulturelt fænomen, inddrages endnu flere aspekter der kalder på andre former for belysning. Humor betragtes her først som en ikke-bona-fide sproghandling der for at være vellykket via sin semantiske og pragmatiske dobbelt(tydig)hed skal tolkes som en bona-fide-cum-humor sproghandling. Danskeres udbredte anvendelse af humor og (selv)ironi, også i faglige sammenhænge, i modsætning til franskmænds præference for ordspil, forklares sprogligt via særegenheder i det danske overfor det franske sprog, og kulturantropologisk og sociologisk via forskelle i civilisationsprocesser og ledelsesstrukturer i de to kulturer. Artiklen er således et forsøg på at slå bro mellem komparativ sprogforskning og sammenlignende lande- og kulturstudier.
Fatal attraction: inheritance and collostruction in the ihjel-construction
Authors: Jensen Kim Ebensgaard
Published: December 2019

The purpose of this paper is two-fold. Firstly, it presents an argument for usage-based inheritance models over complete inheritance models in construction grammar. It is argued that, with the principle of inductive language learning as their foundation, usage-based inheritance models allow for redundancies and incongruities in construction networks which enables linguists to take into account details of language use, which would otherwise not be facilitated in complete inheritance models. Secondly, making use of the method of collostructional analysis, the article offers a corpus-based description of the use of the Danish ihjel-construction which accounts for patterns of attraction of construction-verb attraction, patterns of productivity, and various types of subconstructions, including item- and item-class-based ones and metaphorical extensions. The description of the ihjel-construction should also illustrate the superiority of usage-based inheritance models over complete inheritance models in construction grammar-based language description.
Sprog og identitet: En oversigt
Authors: Widell Peter
Published: December 2019

I artiklen præsenteres en række væsentlige diskussioner af forholdet mellem sprog og identitet. Artiklen rummer desuden en kort introduktion til dette nummers øvrige bigrag.
Ordkendskabsundervisning på mellemtrinnet
Authors: Nielsen Anne-Mette Veber , Daugaard Hanne Trebbien , Juul Holger
Published: December 2019

Artiklen omhandler et igangværende udviklings- og forskningsprojekt, der har ordkendskabsundervisning på mellemtrinnet som omdrejningspunkt. I første del af artiklen skitseres baggrunden for projektet, og der udpeges nogle overordnede tilgange til ordkendskabsundervisning. I anden delaf artiklen beskrives projektet nærmere, og der sættes fokus på én af de vigtigste og mest oplagte tilgange, nemlig direkte undervisning i udvalgte ord. I den forbindelse præsenteres resultater fra en afprøvning af et 4-ugers undervisningsforløb med 211 elever fra 3. og 4. klassetrin som deltagere. Effekten afundervisningen vurderes gennem et eksperimentelt undersøgelsesdesign, som det kendes fra den psykolingvistiske forskningstradition.
Pareceristas
Authors: Geografares Pareceristas
Published: December 2019

Pareceristas
Cultivating Knowledge about Canadian Women Scientists through Seminars, Objects, and Exhibitions
Authors: Stelmackowich Cindy
Published: December 2019

Exhibtion research and development can be an innovative way to cultivate new knowledge in university classrooms. This article describes a Carleton University seminar that incorporated collections-based research to study Canadian women scientists. Entitled “Representations of Women’s Scientific Contributions,” the seminar gave students the opportunity to apply feminist critiques to the material cultures of science as they wrote the cultural histories of scientific objects related to the women they studied. The seminar culiminated in HERbarium, a well-receieved exhibition at the Carleton Univeristy Art Gallery in 2017.
Aux bords de l’État-nation : politiques migratoires et gouvernementalité exceptionnelle en Guadeloupe
Authors: Nicolas Sébastien
Published: December 2019

La Guadeloupe, reléguée à un statut institutionnel « ultramarin », fait l’objet d’une configuration particulière compliquant l’appréhension des politiques migratoires qui y sont mises en oeuvre. Ce régime singulier se distingue par l’existence d’une frontière « intérieure » entre le département d’Outre-mer et la métropole française, et par une suspension sélective de l’État de droit. Ces dispositifs, légitimés par le caractère « spécifique » de l’archipel, ont pour conséquence d’instaurer une forme de marginalité par laquelle les droits des migrants sont réduits et les mouvements vers/depuis l’Hexagone, sujets à un contrôle accru. Comment interpréter l’existence de cette démarcation au sein même de l’espace national ? Comment, de surcroît, aborder cette rupture de la continuité juridique avec la métropole dans une société qui était encore en situation coloniale il y a quelques décennies ?

Partant de ces questionnements, cet article propose de considérer les pratiques de contrôle aux frontières en Guadeloupe à la manière d’un champ d’observation illustratif d’une forme de gouvernementalité « exceptionnelle » dans l’Outre-mer français. Il avance l’hypothèse selon laquelle la politique migratoire mise en oeuvre en Guadeloupe procède d’une rationalité politique fondée sur des logiques de mise à l’écart du territoire. À partir d’une enquête qualitative basée sur des entretiens semi-directifs conduits en 2013 et sur des rapports officiels et associatifs, cette recherche s’attachera à démontrer en quoi les dispositifs de contrôle de la frontière déployés par l’appareil étatique français en Guadeloupe — et par extension dans l’Outre-mer — sont informés par un référentiel postcolonial établi sur le présupposé d’une population labile vulnérable aux influences extérieures.
Sous-traitance et bureaucratisation néolibérale : une analyse de l’interface de la distance dans l’accueil des demandeurs d’asile
Authors: Alberti Camilla
Published: December 2019

En mettant à l’épreuve de l’ethnographie les questions posées par la sous-traitance, cet article s’intéresse à la bureaucratisation néolibérale de l’accueil des demandeurs d’asile en Suisse. Sur la base des données récoltées dans deux structures d’hébergement cantonales gérées par des organisations privées, il étudie comment cette dynamique s’incarne dans le quotidien de la mise en oeuvre de la politique d’accueil. L’analyse montre que les pouvoirs publics et leurs mandataires sont de facto séparés par une « interface de la distance », composée principalement de trois rouages interdépendants : la gestion par les indicateurs, la définition de standards et une rationalité économique. Cet article interroge les effets de la délégation d’une tâche régalienne à la sphère privée, en ce qui concerne non seulement la conception de la politique publique, mais également la responsabilité et les opportunités de contestation. Il montre que la bureaucratisation néolibérale est à la fois une technologie de gouvernement permettant à l’État de se redéployer et une conséquence de son réaménagement continu.
La mise en oeuvre des politiques d’accueil des migrants à l’échelle des quartiers montréalais : l’étude de l’initiative Vivons nos quartiers
Authors: Désilets Gabrielle , Goudet Anna
Published: December 2019

En soulignant le décalage entre les politiques mouvantes et ambiguës, les discours publics « hostiles » et les réalités quotidiennes du terrain, que nous apprend l’étude du cas de l’initiative Vivons nos quartiers sur la mise en oeuvre des politiques migratoires ? Cette initiative, menée par des organismes communautaires montréalais oeuvrant dans le secteur de l’immigration, vise la mise en commun des meilleures pratiques d’inclusion à l’échelle des quartiers de Montréal. Ce projet est né dans le contexte de l’arrivée des réfugiés syriens en 2016, et s’est adapté aux réalités des arrivées nombreuses de demandeurs d’asile en 2017 et 2018.

Basé sur une recherche ethnographique, l’article analyse les interactions observées lors de formations, de rencontres et d’instances de concertations d’acteurs communautaires et institutionnels. L’analyse se penche sur la mise en oeuvre des politiques canadiennes d’établissement de « collectivités accueillantes » (Esses et al., 2010 ; Belkhodja, 2009). Nous mobilisons le concept de résilience sociale pour analyser les stratégies déployées par les institutions d’accueil confrontées aux défis liés à l’immigration. En effet, la « crise migratoire » perçue au Québec a influencé de manière contradictoire la mise en oeuvre des politiques d’accueil : d’une part, en « paralysant » et, de l’autre, en « mobilisant » les acteurs du terrain. Le souci de favoriser l’établissement de « collectivités accueillantes » se situe au croisement de cette ambivalence. En produisant une trame narrative mobilisatrice, le projet documenté contribue à la résilience des milieux d’accueil et, par extension, des nouveaux arrivants.
Les politiques publiques d’immigration francophone en Acadie du Nouveau-Brunswick : entre incomplétude institutionnelle et succès symbolique
Authors: Sall Leyla
Published: December 2019

Confrontée au vieillissement de sa population et à son caractère rural affirmé, l’Acadie du Nouveau-Brunswick est devenue une communauté d’accueil d’immigrants francophones créée par le droit, le travail militant de la Fédération des communautés francophones et acadiennes (FCFA) et l’engagement des différents paliers de gouvernement à prendre des mesures positives pour assurer la survie et renforcer la vitalité linguistique et communautaire de l’Acadie.

Dans un tel contexte, l’immigration francophone est perçue, à la fois, comme une politique sociale distributive de nature linguistique et comme une panacée permettant la résolution de l’équation du vieillissement de la population, de la faible natalité, des risques d’assimilation linguistique et du déséquilibre démographique en faveur de la majorité anglophone.

Après plus d’une décennie de mise en oeuvre des politiques publiques d’immigration francophone, force est de constater l’incapacité de l’Acadie du Nouveau-Brunswick à émerger en tant que communauté d’accueil viable : elle se caractérise par une incomplétude institutionnelle pluridimensionnelle en matière d’immigration et ne profite que marginalement des retombées de la démocratisation de la ressource migratoire. En raison de ses caractéristiques sociétales et spatiales, la rétention et l’intégration d’une masse critique d’immigrants y équivalent à un défi aux « lois » de fonctionnement des flux migratoires.

Toutefois, les politiques publiques d’immigration francophone ne sont pas remises en cause. Elles bénéficient d’un succès singulier. D’une part, elles ont pour fonction d’atténuer les tensions linguistiques au niveau provincial et, d’autre part, elles réussissent à faire de l’Acadie du Nouveau-Brunswick une communauté d’accueil symbolique d’immigrants au même titre que la société anglophone majoritaire.
ANTIBACTERIAL CHARACTERISTICS OF NANOFIBER STRUCTURES OBTAINED BY BENZALKONIUM CHLORIDE ADDITIVE POLY (VINYL ALCOHOL)/GELATIN
Authors: YÜKSEK Metin , YOLAY Onur , TEZCAN Erdem , İŞGÖREN Erkan , SALTIK Derya , ÇALIŞKAN Fatmagül
Published: December 2019

Polyvinyl
alcohol (PVA) is a hydrophilous and semi-crystallized. It has attracted much
relevancy due to its pretty chemical endurance, fine thermal determination,
decent physical specialities, wonderful bio-compatibility and cheapness.
Gelatin (G) is a natural polymer and that are interesting materials for
biomedical applications. Electrospinning is a simple method that provides very
porous nanofiber production with high surface area. It is possible to produce
biomedical, filtration, energy storage and protective materials by using
electrospinning method. Benzalkonium chloride (BAC) is a kind of anti-microbial
cationic surface-active agent, which has been pretty used in merchant wound
dressings and has a powerful status toward Gr+ bacteria.

In this study, nanofibers were
produced from electrospinning of BAC, PVA and G containing solutions at various
concentrations. The fibers of obtained nanofiber structure were uniform,
continuous and intensive. The optimum parameters in terms of good mechanical
and antibacterial properties were determined. S2 sample, electrospun from 11.63% PVA + 1.0% G +1.0% BAC
containing solution, had the best morphological and mechanical properties due
to having the thinnest fiber diameter (51±13nm) and the highest vertical
strength (4.299MPa) and horizontal strength (4.058MPa). It also had antibacterial
activity against all the bacteria tested (E. coli,
P. aeruginosa, B. subtilis and S. aureus). Due to owning
good mechanical and antibacterial properties, S2 sample can have many uses in
medical sector.
Seven myths on crowding and peripheral vision
Authors: Strasburger Hans
Published: December 2019

Crowding has become a hot topic in vision research and some fundamentals are now widely agreed upon. For the classical crowding task, one would likely agree with the following statements. (1) Bouma’s law can, succinctly and unequivocally, be stated as saying that critical distance for crowding is about half the target’s eccentricity. (2) Crowding is predominantly a peripheral phenomenon. (3) Peripheral vision extends to at most 90° eccentricity. (4) Resolution threshold (the minimal angle of resolution, MAR) increases strongly and linearly with eccentricity. Crowding increases at an even steeper rate. (5) Crowding is asymmetric as Bouma has shown. For that inner-outer asymmetry, the peripheral flanker has more effect. (6) Critical crowding distance corresponds to a constant cortical distance in primary visual areas like V1. (7) Except for Bouma’s seminal paper in 1970, crowding research mostly became prominent starting in the 2000s. I propose the answer is ‘not really’ or ‘not quite’ to these assertions. So should we care? I think we should, before we write the textbook chapters for the next generation.
Bridging the gap between single-cell migration and collective dynamics
Authors: Thüroff Florian , Goychuk Andriy , Reiter Matthias , Frey Erwin
Published: December 2019

Motivated by the wealth of experimental data recently available, we present a cellular-automaton-based modeling framework focussing on high-level cell functions and their concerted effect on cellular migration patterns. Specifically, we formulate a coarse-grained description of cell polarity through self-regulated actin organization and its response to mechanical cues. Furthermore, we address the impact of cell adhesion on collective migration in cell cohorts. The model faithfully reproduces typical cell shapes and movements down to the level of single cells, yet allows for the efficient simulation of confluent tissues. In confined circular geometries, we find that specific properties of individual cells (polarizability; contractility) influence the emerging collective motion of small cell cohorts. Finally, we study the properties of expanding cellular monolayers (front morphology; stress and velocity distributions) at the level of extended tissues.
VCF2PopTree: a client-side software to construct population phylogeny from genome-wide SNPs
Authors: Subramanian Sankar , Ramasamy Umayal , Chen David
Published: December 2019

In the past decades a number of software programs have been developed to infer phylogenetic relationships between populations. However, most of these programs typically use alignments of sequences from genes to build phylogeny. Recently, many standalone or web applications have been developed to handle large-scale whole genome data, but they are either computationally intensive, dependent on third party software or required significant time and resource of a web server. In the post-genomic era, researchers are able to obtain bioinformatically processed high-quality publication-ready whole genome data for many individuals in a population from next generation sequencing companies due to the reduction in the cost of sequencing and analysis. Such genotype data is typically presented in the Variant Call Format (VCF) and there is no simple software available that directly uses this data format to construct the phylogeny of populations in a short time. To address this limitation, we have developed a user-friendly software, VCF2PopTree that uses genome-wide SNPs to construct and display phylogenetic trees in seconds to minutes. For example, it reads a VCF file containing 4 million SNPs and draws a tree in less than 30 seconds. VCF2PopTree accepts genotype data from a local machine, constructs a tree using UPGMA and Neighbour-Joining algorithms and displays it on a web-browser. It also produces pairwise-diversity matrix in MEGA and PHYLIP file formats as well as trees in the Newick format which could be directly used by other popular phylogenetic software programs. The software including the source code, a test VCF file and a documentation are available at: https://github.com/sansubs/vcf2pop.
Microspheres with Diverse Material Compositions Can be Prepared by Mechanical Milling
Authors: Mursalat Mehnaz , Hastings Daniel L. , Schoenitz Mirko , Dreizin Edward L.
Published: December 2019

This study introduces a novel, simple, and scalable method of preparing spherical particles from a range of materials of potential interest in food, pharmaceuticals, energetics, and additive manufacturing. Spherical particles with dimensions in the range of ≈1–100 μm are prepared by mechanical milling of precursor materials in the presence of a blend of immiscible liquids. Microspheres of hard and ductile materials including metals (aluminum, titanium), metalloids (boron), oxides (of iron or silicon), organic compounds (melamine, sucrose), and composites (aluminum–boron, aluminum–titanium, aluminum–copper oxide, aluminum–iron oxide) were prepared. The proposed mechanism leading to the formation of spheres includes formation of a Pickering–Ramsden emulsion coexisting with a dense suspension of solids in the continuous phase. Milling continuously transfers energy to the multiphase mixture, destabilizing particles located on the liquid interface. This causes a net transport of solids from the continuous phase into the emulsion droplets where solids accumulate and form microspheres that can be recovered after milling. The process continues until the solid loading of the droplets exceeds a limit, or until the continuous phase suspension is depleted. Microspheres prepared by this method may be of interest as feedstock for additive manufacturing, for drug formulations, catalysts, membranes, and in various other technologies.
Phototuning Selectively Hole and Electron Transport in Optically Switchable Ambipolar Transistors
Authors: Rekab Wassima , Leydecker Tim , Hou Lili , Chen Hu , Kirkus Mindaugas , Cendra Camila , Herder Martin , Hecht Stefan , Salleo Alberto , McCulloch Iain , Orgiu Emanuele , Samorì Paolo
Published: December 2019

One of the grand challenges in organic electronics is to develop multicomponent materials wherein each component imparts a different and independently addressable property to the hybrid system. In this way, the combination of the pristine properties of each component is not only preserved but also combined with unprecedented properties emerging from the mutual interaction between the components. Here for the first time, that tri‐component materials comprised of an ambipolar diketopyrrolopyrrole‐based semiconducting polymer combined with two different photochromic diarylethene molecules possessing ad hoc energy levels can be used to develop organic field‐effect transistors, in which the transport of both, holes and electrons, can be photo‐modulated. A fully reversible light‐switching process is demonstrated, with a light‐controlled 100‐fold modulation of p‐type charge transport and a tenfold modulation of n‐type charge transport. These findings pave the way for photo‐tunable inverters and ultimately for completely re‐addressable high‐performance circuits comprising optical storage units and ambipolar field‐effect transistors.
Tailor‐Made Polymer Nano‐Assembly with Switchable Function and Amplified Anti‐Tumor Therapy
Authors: Guo Lixia , Wang Haoping , Wang Yunxia , Feng Liheng
Published: December 2019

The difficulty in killing tumor cells due to the tendency to metastasis and drug resistance are outstanding and urgent problems for the treatment of cancer. It is imperative to figure out an effective therapy strategy to break the treatment dilemmas. Nano self‐assembly has the characteristics of flexible regulation, biological compatibility, and easy access. Herein, an albumin‐polymer nano‐assembly with switchable cytotoxicity and reactive oxygen species (ROS) amplification capability is developed for anti‐tumor therapy. The nano‐assembly (PFFBT@HSA) is comprised of conjugated polymer PFFBT and natural protein human serum albumin (HSA) via the hydrophobic and electrostatic interactions. The innovative switchable strategy is proposed and realized by HSA turning off the cytotoxicity of PFFBT and then turning on and enhancing the cytotoxicity by generating massive ROS upon light irradiation. The combination of HSA provides more stable microenvironment to benefit the generation of highly effective anti‐tumor model of “0+1>1”. These results display that the nanostructured self‐assembly and the proposed anti‐tumor regulation strategy are effective, which will contribute to the diversified treatment of cancer.
A Bioinspired Nanoprobe with Multilevel Responsive T1‐Weighted MR Signal‐Amplification Illuminates Ultrasmall Metastases
Authors: Li Yao , Zhao Xiao , Liu Xiaoli , Cheng Keman , Han Xuexiang , Zhang Yinlong , Min Huan , Liu Guangna , Xu Junchao , Shi Jian , Qin Hao , Fan Haiming , Ren Lei , Nie Guangjun
Published: December 2019

Metastasis remains the major cause of death in cancer patients. Thus, there is a need to sensitively detect tumor metastasis, especially ultrasmall metastasis, for early diagnosis and precise treatment of cancer. Herein, an ultrasensitive T1‐weighted magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) contrast agent, UMFNP‐CREKA is reported. By conjugating the ultrasmall manganese ferrite nanoparticles (UMFNPs) with a tumor‐targeting penta‐peptide CREKA (Cys‐Arg‐Glu‐Lys‐Ala), ultrasmall breast cancer metastases are accurately detected. With a behavior similar to neutrophils' immunosurveillance process for eliminating foreign pathogens, UMFNP‐CREKA exhibits a chemotactic “targeting‐activation” capacity. UMFNP‐CREKA is recruited to the margin of tumor metastases by the binding of CREKA with fibrin‐fibronectin complexes, which are abundant around tumors, and then release of manganese ions (Mn2+) to the metastasis in response to pathological parameters (mild acidity and elevated H2O2). The localized release of Mn2+ and its interaction with proteins affects a marked amplification of T1‐weighted magnetic resonance (MR) signals. In vivo T1‐weighted MRI experiments reveal that UMFNP‐CREKA can detect metastases at an unprecedented minimum detection limit of 0.39 mm, which has significantly extended the detection limit of previously reported MRI probe.
Microgel‐Based Devices as Wearable Capacitive Electronic Skins for Monitoring Cardiovascular Risks
Authors: Xia Xiangjiao , Zhang Xieli , Serpe Michael J. , Zhang Qiang
Published: December 2019

A strategy is developed for preparing wearable electronic skins (e‐skins) to obtain multiple outputs and realize superhigh sensitivity. In this work, e‐skins are fabricated using colloidal photonic crystals, in which a single layer of microgels is used as a deformation component. The special structure of the e‐skins allows dual outputs of optical and electronic signals in response to pressure changes. The single‐layer structure of the microgel film allows the e‐skin a high‐pressure sensitivity (10.1 kPa−1) and low minimum detection pressure (2 Pa), which enables it to monitor cardiovascular risks in a wearable style. For example, pulse beat spectrum is recorded using the e‐skin, and arterial stiffness index is obtained from the pulse beat spectrum. More importantly, the sensor is used in diagnosing a volunteer with an aneurysm by monitoring his apex beat. The detection results are wirelessly sent to a smartphone by Bluetooth and are displayed through home‐made software. This makes it very convenient to use at home or in the office.
Improving Processability and Efficiency of Resonant TADF Emitters: A Design Strategy
Authors: Hall David , Suresh Subeesh Madayanad , dos Santos Paloma L. , Duda Eimantas , Bagnich Sergey , Pershin Anton , Rajamalli Pachaiyappan , Cordes David B. , Slawin Alexandra M. Z. , Beljonne David , Köhler Anna , Samuel Ifor D. W. , Olivier Yoann , Zysman‐Colman Eli
Published: December 2019

A new design strategy is introduced to address a persistent weakness with resonance thermally activated delayed fluorescence (R‐TADF) emitters to reduce aggregation‐caused quenching effects, which are identified as one of the key limiting factors. The emitter Mes3DiKTa shows an improved photoluminescence quantum yield of 80% compared to 75% for the reference DiKTa in 3.5 wt% 1,3‐bis(N‐carbazolyl)benzene. Importantly, emission from aggregates, even at high doping concentrations, is eliminated and aggregation‐caused quenching is strongly curtailed. For both molecules, triplets are almost quantitatively upconverted into singlets in electroluminescence, despite a significant (≈0.21 eV) singlet‐triplet energy gap (ΔEST), in line with correlated quantum‐chemical calculations, and a slow reverse intersystem crossing. It is speculated that the lattice stiffness responsible for the narrow fluorescence and phosphorescence emission spectra also protects the triplets against nonradiative decay. An improved maximum external quantum efficiencies (EQEmax) of 21.1% for Mes3DIKTa compared to the parent DiKTa (14.7%) and, importantly, reduced efficiency roll‐off compared to literature resonance TADF organic light‐emitting diodes (OLEDs), shows the promise of this design strategy for future design of R‐TADF emitters for OLED applications.
A 3D Lithium/Carbon Fiber Anode with Sustained Electrolyte Contact for Solid‐State Batteries
Authors: Zhang Ying , Shi Yang , Hu Xin‐Cheng , Wang Wen‐Peng , Wen Rui , Xin Sen , Guo Yu‐Guo
Published: December 2019

To reconcile the energy storage ability and operational safety of lithium metal batteries (LMBs), a transformation from a liquid to a solid‐state system is required. However, Li volume variation, poor interfacial contact, and high operation temperatures hinder its practical applications. To address the above issues, here, an integral structure design for solid‐state LMBs is shown, in which a Li‐preinfused 3D carbon fiber (Li/CF) anode is ionically connected to a cathode via an autopolymerized gel electrolyte. The gel electrolyte helps to encapsulate the liquid electrolyte within the Li/CF anode and the cathode to improve the interfacial contact. The gel also serves as a reservoir that balances the liquid electrolyte supply during repeated Li stripping/plating process. As a result, the symmetrical cells and full cells with Li/CF electrodes exhibit improved cycling stability and effective suppression of dendrites at ambient temperature. This work facilitates the realization of solid‐state LMBs with high energy and high safety.