bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Food Addiction in Bulimia Nervosa: Clinical Correlates and Association with Response to a Brief Psychoeducational Intervention
Authors: Hilker Ines , Sánchez Isabel , Steward Trevor , Jiménez‐Murcia Susana , Granero Roser , Gearhardt Ashley N. , Rodríguez‐Muñoz Rita Cristina , Dieguez Carlos , Crujeiras Ana B. , Tolosa‐Sola Iris , Casanueva Felipe F. , Menchón José M. , Fernández‐Aranda Fernando
Published: September 2016

Food addiction (FA) has been examined in different populations. Although high FA levels are associated with greater eating disorder severity, few studies have addressed how FA relates to treatment outcome.

Goals

The study aims (1) to determine whether a brief intervention for bulimia nervosa (BN) reduces FA diagnosis or severity compared with baseline and (2) to determine if FA is predictive of treatment outcome.

Method

Sixty‐six female BN patients participated in the study. The Yale Food Addiction Scale was administered at two time points: prior to and following a 6‐week intervention. The number of weekly binging/purging episodes, dropout and abstinence from bulimic behaviour were used as primary outcome measures.

Results

This brief intervention reduced FA severity and FA diagnosis in the 55 patients who completed treatment. FA severity was a short‐term predictor of abstinence from binging/purging episodes after treatment (p = .018).

Conclusions

Food addiction appears to be prevalent in BN although FA severity can improve following a short‐term intervention. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd and Eating Disorders Association.
Predicting Dropout from Intensive Outpatient Cognitive Behavioural Therapy for Binge Eating Disorder Using Pre‐treatment Characteristics: A Naturalistic Study
Authors: Vroling Maartje S. , Wiersma Femke E. , Lammers Mirjam W. , Noorthoorn Eric O.
Published: September 2016

Background

Dropout rates in binge eating disorder (BED) treatment are high (17–30%), and predictors of dropout are unknown.

Method

Participants were 376 patients following an intensive outpatient cognitive behavioural therapy programme for BED, 82 of whom (21.8%) dropped out of treatment. An exploratory logistic regression was performed using eating disorder variables, general psychopathology, personality and demographics to identify predictors of dropout.

Results

Binge eating pathology, preoccupations with eating, shape and weight, social adjustment, agreeableness, and social embedding appeared to be significant predictors of dropout. Also, education showed an association to dropout.

Discussion

This is one of the first studies investigating pre‐treatment predictors for dropout in BED treatment. The total explained variance of the prediction model was low, yet the model correctly classified 80.6% of cases, which is comparable to other dropout studies in eating disorders. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd and Eating Disorders Association.
Emerging network architecture and functional design considerations for 5G radio access
Authors: Marsch Patrick , Da Silva Icaro , Bulakci Ömer , Tesanovic Milos , El Ayoubi Salah Eddine , Säily Mikko
Published: September 2016

While there is already a common understanding of the services, which 5th generation (5G) mobile communications systems should support, and the key technology components needed to achieve this, there is still the need for further clarification and consensus among key players on the overall 5G radio access network (RAN) architecture and its detailed functional design. The 5G public private partnership (5G PPP) project METIS‐II has the objective to foster exactly this consensus building before and in the early days of the standardisation work for 5G. This paper lists the 5G RAN design requirements as identified in the project and summarises the latest considerations of METIS‐II on the air interface landscape in 5G, the envisioned logical RAN architecture and related aspects, as well as key functional design considerations in 5G, which have found wide endorsement within the project. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Building Evaluation Capacity Through CLIPs: Communities of Learning, Inquiry, and Practice
Authors: Parsons Beverly L. , Lovato Chris Y. , Hutchinson Kylie , Wilson Derek
Published: September 2016

This chapter focuses on a model for building evaluation capacity. The approach embeds evaluative thinking and practice into the work of higher education leaders, faculty, and staff who need evidence to guide their planning and decision making. Communities of Learning, Inquiry, and Practice (CLIPs) are a type of community of practice; they are informal, dynamic groups of faculty and staff who inquire and learn together about their professional practice and operate within a support structure specifically designed to fit the higher education context. This chapter describes two institutions in which the CLIPs model was implemented—a community college in the United States and a medical school in Canada. Based on the results from these case examples, seven guiding principles are proposed for implementing successful CLIPs. This model is adaptable to organizations beyond higher education.
Higher Education Evaluation, Assessment, and Faculty Engagement
Authors: Rickards William H. , Stitt‐Bergh Monica
Published: September 2016

Evaluative practice has a long and deep history in higher education. It has been a persistent part of instructional practice and curriculum, intricately entwined with scholarly efforts to address teaching and learning. From public policy and oversight perspectives, the questions of value and worth have often focused on inputs—faculty credentials, facilities, etc.—as well as fiscal responsibility. But in the last 30 years, attention has turned to student learning as a critical outcome and the assessment of learning as a principal endeavor. The developments in higher education assessment have involved increasingly sophisticated psychometric approaches to measurement as well as more teacherly orientations to the implementation of educational assessments within the individual contexts—and intentions—of colleges and universities. In this chapter, we introduce some of the issues in the field and argue that evaluation has a unique history that is committed to systematically bringing evidence of program outcomes and processes into the discourse of educators—administrators, faculty, and staff—as they examine and build on their own operations. We briefly review the current context and challenges and support increased evaluator–faculty collaboration. We make a case for how the analysis of evaluation practices in higher education is both a means to increasing expertise in those applications and to thinking about evaluation practices across developing and complex institutions.
Recursive Validity and Authentic Outcomes
Authors: Eubanks David , Gliem David
Published: September 2016

This chapter defines recursive validity as a self‐reinforcing loop of observation and judgment, which emphasizes that observation and reporting are most useful when they can be conceptualized by decision makers in such a way as to (a) integrate with their conceptions of reality and (b) be confirmed when actions result in expected outcomes. This approach leads us away from unnecessary abstraction and encourages the testing of predictive validity of proxy measurements. In a full program of research, it also requires an external critique of observational bias to recognize potential false justification. With this framework in place, we apply it to a difficult problem in higher education: how to assess learning outcomes in a way that is convincing to stakeholders.
Assessment of Student Learning Outcomes: Evaluator and Client Communication
Authors: Secolsky Charles , Sng Clarice , Wentland Ellen , Smith Dwight L.
Published: September 2016

Revolving around threats to internal validity, several of which are new, this chapter characterizes how evaluators might want to communicate with stakeholders on problems of student learning outcomes assessment. Seven scenarios from our experience are developed for the evaluator to consider, with each one presenting a different challenge working with faculty members in higher education. Test scores, rubrics, and embedded questions suggest the need for more effective communication when stakeholders need methodological guidance. It is very important for evaluators to work with stakeholders from the beginning of the assessment process to avoid potential pitfalls and erroneous interpretations of data.
Degree‐based statistic and center persistency for brain connectivity analysis
Authors: Yoo Kwangsun , Lee Peter , Chung Moo K. , Sohn William S. , Chung Sun Ju , Na Duk L. , Ju Daheen , Jeong Yong
Published: September 2016

Brain connectivity analyses have been widely performed to investigate the organization and functioning of the brain, or to observe changes in neurological or psychiatric conditions. However, connectivity analysis inevitably introduces the problem of mass‐univariate hypothesis testing. Although, several cluster‐wise correction methods have been suggested to address this problem and shown to provide high sensitivity, these approaches fundamentally have two drawbacks: the lack of spatial specificity (localization power) and the arbitrariness of an initial cluster‐forming threshold. In this study, we propose a novel method, degree‐based statistic (DBS), performing cluster‐wise inference. DBS is designed to overcome the above‐mentioned two shortcomings. From a network perspective, a few brain regions are of critical importance and considered to play pivotal roles in network integration. Regarding this notion, DBS defines a cluster as a set of edges of which one ending node is shared. This definition enables the efficient detection of clusters and their center nodes. Furthermore, a new measure of a cluster, center persistency (CP) was introduced. The efficiency of DBS with a known “ground truth” simulation was demonstrated. Then they applied DBS to two experimental datasets and showed that DBS successfully detects the persistent clusters. In conclusion, by adopting a graph theoretical concept of degrees and borrowing the concept of persistence from algebraic topology, DBS could sensitively identify clusters with centric nodes that would play pivotal roles in an effect of interest. DBS is potentially widely applicable to variable cognitive or clinical situations and allows us to obtain statistically reliable and easily interpretable results. Hum Brain Mapp 38:165–181, 2017. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Precuneus degeneration in nondemented elderly individuals with APOE ɛ4: Evidence from structural and functional MRI analyses
Authors: Chen Yaojing , Liu Zhen , Zhang Junying , Chen Kewei , Yao Li , Li Xin , Gong Gaolang , Wang Jun , Zhang Zhanjun
Published: September 2016

Neurodegenerative diseases such as Alzheimer's disease (AD) have been recognized to exhibit disease‐specific brain vulnerability patterns. Apolipoprotein E (APOE) ɛ4 allele imparts a high genetic risk of developing AD. Whether the APOE ɛ4 allele damages the brain when cognitive functions are still intact is important to understand, especially for possible early detection and intervention. This study aimed to examine the selective degeneration pattern associated with the APOE ɛ4 allele in the brains of cognitively normal elderly subjects. We enrolled 35 cognitively healthy ɛ4 carriers and 40 non‐carriers (53 to 81 years old) to evaluate group differences in cortical thickness and brain activation during a memory‐encoding task. We also assessed the functional connectivity of the brain regions with both structural and functional damages. The results from the neuropsychological tests showed that the performances of ɛ4 carriers and non‐carriers were comparable. Primarily, we found that the precuneus exhibited thinner cortical thickness and decreased deactivation during memory encoding. Furthermore, the connectivity analyses show that carriers exhibited damaged connectivity of the precuneus to several regions in the default mode network and the attention/executive control network. Our study reveals the degeneration pattern of the ɛ4 allele, which could be used as a potential biomarker for early detection for possible interventions and treatments. Hum Brain Mapp 38:271–282, 2017. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Epidemiology of alcohol consumption and related problems in Latin American countries: Contributions of psychology
Authors: Cremonte Mariana , Biscarra Maria Ayelén , Conde Karina , Cherpitel Cheryl J.
Published: September 2016

Alcohol consumption is the leading risk factor for morbi‐mortality in many Latin American Countries. However, epidemiologic studies are relatively scarce. Among factors such as limited research capacity, disciplinary traditions and an emphasis on psychopathology within the field of psychology, have been postulated to account for this. The aim of this article is to review epidemiologic research on alcohol in Spanish Speaking Latin American Countries, and to measure the contribution of psychology to the field. A systematic search was performed in English and Spanish using regional and international data bases. We identified 269 articles. Most focused on consumption patterns in youth, with samples from a single school and using a variety of measures. With the exception of multinational efforts like Emergency Room Collaborative Alcohol Analysis Project or those supported by World Health Organization/Pan American Health Organization, studies reviewed reflected little cross country collaboration. Mexico accounted for most of the productivity, while many countries had very few or no articles. Most research was performed by health science researchers with a small contribution from psychology, but which increased significantly over time. The results of this review provide a broad identification of patterns regarding epidemiologic research on alcohol, and demonstrate the need for national scientific policies to promote research on public health topics.
The role of surface chemistry in the cytotoxicity profile of graphene
Authors: Majeed Waqar , Bourdo Shawn , Petibone Dayton M. , Saini Viney , Vang Kieng Bao , Nima Zeid A. , Alghazali Karrer M. , Darrigues Emilie , Ghosh Anindya , Watanabe Fumiya , Casciano Daniel , Ali Syed F. , Biris Alexandru S.
Published: September 2016

Graphene and its derivative, because of their unique physical, electrical and chemical properties, are an important class of nanomaterials being proposed as foundational materials in nanomedicine as well as for a variety of industrial applications. A major limitation for graphene, when used in biomedical applications, is its poor solubility due to its rather hydrophobic nature. Therefore, chemical functionalities are commonly introduced to alter both its surface chemistry and biochemical activity. Here, we show that surface chemistry plays a major role in the toxicological profile of the graphene structures. To demonstrate this, we chemically increased the oxidation level of the pristine graphene and compared the corresponding toxicological effects along with those for the graphene oxide. X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy revealed that pristine graphene had the lowest amount of surface oxygen, while graphene oxide had the highest at 2.5% and 31%, respectively. Low and high oxygen functionalized graphene samples were found to have 6.6% and 24% surface oxygen, respectively. Our results showed a dose‐dependent trend in the cytotoxicity profile, where pristine graphene was the most cytotoxic, with decreasing toxicity observed with increasing oxygen content. Increased surface oxygen also played a role in nanomaterial dispersion in water or cell culture medium over longer periods. It is likely that higher dispersity might result in graphene entering into cells as individual flakes ~1 nm thick rather than as more cytotoxic aggregates. In conclusion, changes in graphene's surface chemistry resulted in altered solubility and toxicity, suggesting that a generalized toxicity profile would be rather misleading. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Effects of methyl mercury exposure on pancreatic beta cell development and function
Authors: Schumacher Lauren , Abbott Louise C.
Published: September 2016

Methyl mercury is an environmental contaminant of worldwide concern. Since the discovery of methyl mercury exposure due to eating contaminated fish as the underlying cause of the Minamata disaster, the scientific community has known about the sensitivity of the developing central nervous system to mercury toxicity. Warnings are given to pregnant women and young children to limit consumption of foods containing methyl mercury to protect the embryonic, fetal and postnatally developing central nervous system. However, evidence also suggests that exposure to methyl mercury or various forms of inorganic mercury may also affect development and function of other organs. Numerous reports indicate a worldwide increase in diabetes, particularly type 2 diabetes. Quite recently, methyl mercury has been shown to have adverse effects on pancreatic beta (β) cell development and function, resulting in insulin resistance and hyperglycemia and may even lead to the development of diabetes. This review discusses possible mechanisms by which methyl mercury exposure may adversely affect pancreatic β cell development and function, and the role that methyl mercury exposure may have in the reported worldwide increase in diabetes, particularly type 2 diabetes. While additional information is needed regarding associations between mercury exposure and specific mechanisms of the pathogenesis of diabetes in the human population, methyl mercury's adverse effects on the body's natural sources of antioxidants suggest that one possible therapeutic strategy could involve supplementation with antioxidants. Thus, it is important that additional investigation be undertaken into the role of methyl mercury exposure and reduced pancreatic β cell function. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Culturally Relevant Advising: Applying Relational‐Cultural Theory in Counselor Education
Authors: Purgason Lucy L. , Avent Janeé R. , Cashwell Craig S. , Jordan Myra E. , Reese Ryan F.
Published: September 2016

The purpose of this article is to propose a new application of relational‐cultural theory (RCT) to doctoral advising. An overview and description of key tenets within RCT, an introduction to an RCT‐based advising process, and implications for using RCT with doctoral student advising in counselor education is included. Finally, a case study is provided along with future research implications.
Counselors' Social Class and Socioeconomic Status Understanding and Awareness
Authors: Cook Jennifer M. , Lawson Gerard
Published: September 2016

Nine licensed professional counselors participated in semistructured interviews designed to reveal their awareness and understanding about social class and socioeconomic status (SES). Findings suggest that participants' descriptions of social class and SES often are incongruent with how they use the terms, and their awareness and understanding may be limited because of developmental factors, indicating potential clinical liabilities. The authors suggest that counselors should develop stronger social class consciousness to provide affirming counseling services and that further research on such strategies is needed.
Confronting Confrontation in Clinical Supervision: An Analytical Autoethnography
Authors: Borders L. DiAnne , Giordano Amanda L.
Published: September 2016

Through an analytic autoethnography, the authors detail an experience of confrontation within the context of supervision of supervision. In the coconstructed narrative, the authors describe the events taking place before, during, and after the confrontation experience from the perspective of both the faculty supervisor and beginning doctoral‐level supervisor. Finally, the authors provide an analysis of the narrative based in supervisory models and theories of change.
Microaggressions and Perceptions of Cultural Humility in Counseling
Authors: Davis Don E. , DeBlaere Cirleen , Brubaker Kacy , Owen Jesse , Jordan Terrence A. , Hook Joshua N. , Van Tongeren Daryl R.
Published: September 2016

The purpose of this study was to explore how microaggressions affect counseling outcomes. Participants were 128 racial/ethnic minority individuals who had been in counseling within the past year. Results indicated that identity attributions were associated with counseling outcomes (i.e., working alliance and perceived improvement in counseling). Furthermore, perceptions of cultural humility mediated the relationship between negative emotion due to rupture and counseling outcomes (i.e., working alliance and perceived improvement in counseling).
Behavior and clinical impact of ascites after living donor liver transplantation: risk factors associated with massive ascites
Authors: Ito Daisuke , Akamatsu Nobuhisa , Togashi Junichi , Kaneko Junichi , Arita Junichi , Hasegawa Kiyoshi , Sakamoto Yoshihiro , Kokudo Norihiro
Published: September 2016

Background

Massive ascites after living donor liver transplantation (LDLT), defined as small‐for‐size graft syndrome, is a risk factor for a poor prognosis. Few studies have reported factors associated with ascites and the relevant outcome after LDLT.

Methods

Data from 413 adult patients that underwent LDLT were retrospectively analyzed.

Results

Recipient age, preoperative albumin level, Child–Pugh score, preoperative ascites, graft volume, intraoperative blood loss, and duration of warm ischemic time and the anhepatic phase were significantly associated with the total amount of ascites between postoperative day (POD) 1 and POD14. Multivariate analysis identified preoperative ascites, intraoperative blood loss, and duration of anhepatic phase as factors. Massive ascites (ascitic fluid discharge >1,000 ml/day on POD14 after LDLT) occurred in 200 (48.4%) patients, and mild ascites occurred in the remaining 213 patients. Daily changes in the ascites volume differed between the two groups. Nevertheless, massive ascites itself did not have a critical impact on the patient short‐ and long‐term outcomes when properly managed with rigorous diuretics and albumin administration.

Conclusion

Massive ascites is frequent after LDLT; however, the impact of it could be minimized with an appropriate management.
The labeling of unsaturated γ‐hydroxybutyric acid by heavy isotopes of hydrogen: iridium complex‐mediated H/D exchange by C─H bond activation vs reduction by boro‐deuterides/tritides
Authors: Marek Aleš , Pedersen Martin H.F. , Vogensen Stine B. , Clausen Rasmus P. , Frølund Bente , Elbert Tomáš
Published: September 2016

3‐Hydroxycyclopent‐1‐ene‐1‐carboxylic acid (HOCPCA (1)) is a potent ligand for high‐affinity γ‐hydroxybutyric acid binding sites in the central nervous system. Various approaches to the introduction of a hydrogen label onto the HOCPCA skeleton are reported. The outcomes of the feasible C─H activation of olefin carbon (C‐2) by iridium catalyst are compared with the reduction of the carbonyl group (C‐3) by freshly prepared borodeuterides. The most efficient iridium catalysts proved to be Kerr bulky phosphine N‐heterocyclic species providing outstanding deuterium enrichment (up to 91%) in a short period of time. The highest deuterium enrichment (>99%) was achieved through the reduction of ketone precursor 2 by lithium trimethoxyborodeuteride. Hence, analogical conditions were used for the tritiation experiment. [3H]‐HOCPCA selectively labeled on the position C‐3 was synthetized with radiochemical purity >99%, an isolated yield of 637 mCi and specific activity = 28.9 Ci/mmol.
Future change in the frequency and intensity of wintertime North Pacific blocking in CMIP5 models
Authors: Lee Doo Young , Ahn Joong‐Bae
Published: September 2016

The current status and future changes in the frequency and intensity of climatological blocking activity over the North Pacific region are investigated using historical and two Representative Concentration Pathway (RCP4.5 and 8.5) simulations in the coupled climate models from phase 5 of the Coupled Model Intercomparison Project (CMIP5) for boreal winters (December–February) over a 30‐year period. The future change in the Pacific blocking frequency and intensity are examined in terms of the projected meridional thickness gradient, Hadley circulation changes, and changes in the probability distribution of categorized blocking strength. The five CMIP5 models that show better performance in reproducing climatological blocking events in the historical simulations for the Pacific region are selected for the analyses of the projected blocking activities. The climatological winter Pacific blocking frequencies of most of the individual models and model mean values show a tendency to decrease under global warming conditions. The trend is closely linked with the strong upper level westerly wind, resulting in less meandering air flow, consistent with the enhanced meridional temperature gradients at mid‐latitude in the future climate. The decreased frequency in climatological atmospheric blocking over the Pacific under warming may also be influenced by the strengthening of the north–south temperature gradients due to the poleward extension of Hadley circulation in the subtropics. The climatology of the Pacific blocking intensity in boreal winter also tends to decrease slightly due to a future reduction in the number of strong blocking events.
Mapping Prosopis juliflora in West Somaliland with Landsat 8 Satellite Imagery and Ground Information
Authors: Meroni Michele , Ng Wai‐Tim , Rembold Felix , Leonardi Ugo , Atzberger Clement , Gadain Hussein , Shaiye Muse
Published: September 2016

Prosopis juliflora is a drought‐tolerant fast‐growing tree species originating from South and Central America with a high invasion potential in arid and semi‐arid areas in Africa. It was introduced in Somaliland in the 1980s and is reported to have spread vigorously since. Despite being recognized as a serious issue in the country, the actual scale of the problem is unknown. In this study, we mapped the species in a study area that includes the capital, Hargeisa, using Landsat 8 satellite imagery. During a field campaign in 2015, we collected canopy‐level spectral signatures of P. juliflora and native trees to analyse the potential use of spectral data in discriminating the invasive species. P. juliflora was found to be generally distinguishable because of its greater vigour during the dry season. We tested the accuracy of the random forest classifier and different classification set‐ups, varying the spatial resolution (original 30 m vs pan‐sharpened 15 m) and image acquisition dates (during the wet season, the dry season and a combination of the two). Best overall accuracy (84%) was achieved by using pan‐sharpened data from the two seasons. About 30 years since its introduction, the invasive species was detected in 9% of the total investigated area with highest occurrence in the proximity of human settlements and along seasonal water courses. © 2016 The Authors. Land Degradation and Development published by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Optically referenced broadband electronic synthesizer with 15 digits of resolution
Authors: Fortier T. M , Rolland A. , Quinlan F. , Baynes F. N. , Metcalf A. J. , Hati A. , Ludlow A. D. , Hinkley N. , Shimizu M. , Ishibashi T. , Campbell J. C. , Diddams S. A.
Published: September 2016

Fundamental science, as well as all communications and navigation systems, are heavily reliant on the phase, timing, and synchronization provided by low‐noise and agile frequency sources. Although research into varied photonic and electronic schemes have strived to improve upon the spectral purity of microwave and millimeter‐wave signals, the reliance on conventional electronic synthesis for tuning has resulted in limited progress in broadband sources. Using a digital‐photonic synthesizer architecture that derives its time‐base from a high‐stability optical reference cavity, we generate frequency‐agile and wideband microwave signals with exceptional dynamic range and with a fractional frequency instability of 1 × 10−15 at 1 s. The presented architecture demonstrates digitally controlled, user defined and broadband frequency tuning from RF to 100 GHz with orders‐of‐magnitude improvement in noise performance over room‐temperature electronic wide‐bandwidth synthesis schemes.

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Consecutive analysis of mutation spectrum in the dystrophin gene of 507 Korean boys with Duchenne/Becker muscular dystrophy in a single center
Authors: Cho Anna , Seong Moon‐Woo , Lim Byung Chan , Lee Hwa Jeen , Byeon Jung Hye , Kim Seung Soo , Kim Soo Yeon , Choi Sun Ah , Wong Ai‐lynn , Lee Jeongho , Kim Jon Soo , Ryu Hye Won , Lee Jin Sook , Kim Hunmin , Hwang Hee , Choi Ji Eun , Kim Ki Joong , Hwang Young Seung , Hong Ki Ho , Park Seungman , Cho Sung Im , Lee Seung Jun , Park Hyunwoong , Seo Soo Hyun , Park Sung Sup , Chae Jong Hee
Published: September 2016

Introduction

Duchenne and Becker muscular dystrophies (DMD and BMD) are allelic X‐linked recessive muscle diseases caused by mutations in the large and complex dystrophin gene.

Methods

We analyzed the dystrophin gene in 507 Korean DMD/BMD patients by multiple ligation‐dependent probe amplification and direct sequencing.

Results

Overall, 117 different deletions, 48 duplications, and 90 pathogenic sequence variations, including 30 novel variations, were identified. Deletions and duplications accounted for 65.4% and 13.3% of Korean dystrophinopathy, respectively, suggesting that the incidence of large rearrangements in dystrophin is similar among different ethnic groups. We also detected sequence variations in >100 probands. The small variations were dispersed across the whole gene, and 12.3% were nonsense mutations.

Conclusions

Precise genetic characterization in patients with DMD/BMD is timely and important for implementing nationwide registration systems and future molecular therapeutic trials in Korea and globally. Muscle Nerve 55: 727–734, 2017
Spectral data de‐noising using semi‐classical signal analysis: application to localized MRS
Authors: Laleg‐Kirati Taous‐Meriem , Zhang Jiayu , Achten Eric , Serrai Hacene
Published: September 2016

In this paper, we propose a new post‐processing technique called semi‐classical signal analysis (SCSA) for MRS data de‐noising. Similar to Fourier transformation, SCSA decomposes the input real positive MR spectrum into a set of linear combinations of squared eigenfunctions equivalently represented by localized functions with shape derived from the potential function of the Schrödinger operator. In this manner, the MRS spectral peaks represented as a sum of these ‘shaped like’ functions are efficiently separated from noise and accurately analyzed. The performance of the method is tested by analyzing simulated and real MRS data. The results obtained demonstrate that the SCSA method is highly efficient in localized MRS data de‐noising and allows for an accurate data quantification.
Exact imposition of essential boundary condition and material interface continuity in Galerkin‐based meshless methods
Authors: Zheng Hong , Li Wei , Du Xiuli
Published: September 2016

Represented by the element free Galerkin method, the meshless methods based on the Galerkin variational procedure have made great progress in both research and application. Nevertheless, their shape functions free of the Kronecker delta property present great troubles in enforcing the essential boundary condition and the material continuity condition. The procedures based on the relaxed variational formulations, such as the Lagrange multiplier‐based methods and the penalty method, strongly depend on the problem in study, the interpolation scheme, or the artificial parameters. Some techniques for this issue developed for a particular method are hard to extend to other meshless methods. Under the framework of partition of unity and strict Galerkin variational formulation, this study, taking Poisson's boundary value problem for instance, proposes a unified way to treat exactly both the material interface and the nonhomogeneous essential boundary as in the finite element analysis, which is fit for any partition of unity‐based meshless methods. The solution of several typical examples suggests that compared with the Lagrange multiplier method and the penalty method, the proposed method can be always used safely to yield satisfactory results. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Identification of embryo–fetal cells in celomic fluid using morphological and short‐tandem repeats analysis
Authors: Giambona Antonino , Leto Filippo , Damiani Gianfranca , Jakil Cristina , Cigna Valentina , Schillaci Giovanna , Stampone Giuseppe , Volpes Aldo , Allegra Adolfo , Nicolaides Kypros H. , Makrydimas George , Passarello Cristina , Maggio Aurelio
Published: September 2016

Objective

The main problem to wide acceptability of celocentesis as earlier prenatal diagnosis is contamination of the sample by maternal cells. The objective of this study was to investigate the cellular composition of celomic fluid for morphological discrimination between maternal and embryo–fetal cells.

Method

Celomic fluids were aspired by ultrasound‐guided transcervical celocentesis at 7–9 weeks' gestation from singleton pregnancies before surgical termination for psychological reasons. DNA extracted from celomic fluid cells showed the same morphology, and quantitative fluorescent polymerase chain reaction (PCR) assay was performed to evaluate their fetal or maternal origin.

Results

Six different types of non‐hematological maternal and four different types of embryo–fetal cells were detected. The most common maternal cells were of epithelial origin. The majority of embryo–fetal cells were roundish with a nucleus located in an eccentric position near the wall. These cells were considered to be erythroblasts, probably derived from the yolk sac that serves as the initial site of erythropoiesis.

Conclusions

The combined use of morphology and DNA analysis makes it possible to select and isolate embryo–fetal cells, even when maternal contamination is high. This development provides the opportunity for the use of celocentesis for early prenatal diagnosis of genetic diseases and application of array comparative genomic hybridization. © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Temperature‐dependent elastic and thermodynamic properties of Fe3Ga (DO3, L12, and DO19) alloys from first‐principles calculations
Authors: Yan Xianghong , Lin Yaning , Li Linling , Sun Fuhua
Published: September 2016

For the first time, the influence of temperature on the elastic and thermodynamic properties of magnetostrictive material iron–gallium with cubic DO3, L12, and hexagonal DO19 structure was investigated by using the first‐principles calculations combined with the quasi‐harmonic approximation approach. Equilibrium volume as a function of temperature from phonon calculations were calculated to obtain temperature‐dependent elastic and thermodynamic properties. The obtained lattice parameters and thermal expansion coefficient are in good accordance with available experimental data. In terms of calculated elastic properties, the adiabatic elastic constants and polycrystalline elastic modulus decrease with the increasing temperature. In addition, the three types Fe3Ga are mechanically stable at room temperature and maintain ductility nature with increasing temperature. However, it should be noted that the DO3 type Fe3Ga is more sensitive to temperature, while the elastic properties of L12 and DO19 type Fe3Ga exhibit a very gentle changing trend with increasing temperature. This indicates that L12 and DO19 type Fe3Ga can keep their mechanical properties through wide temperature range and have good temperature stability. In contrast, for Fe3Ga in DO3 structure, the elastic properties are not as stable as the L12 and DO19 structures when temperature is higher than 475 K.
CVD grown 2D MoS2 layers: A photoluminescence and fluorescence lifetime imaging study
Authors: Özden Ayberk , Şar Hüseyin , Yeltik Aydan , Madenoğlu Büşra , Sevik Cem , Ay Feridun , Perkgöz Nihan Kosku
Published: September 2016

In this letter, we report on the fluorescence lifetime imaging and accompanying photoluminescence properties of a chemical vapour deposition (CVD) grown atomically thin material, MoS2. µ‐Raman, µ‐photoluminescence (PL) and fluorescence lifetime imaging microscopy (FLIM) are utilized to probe the fluorescence lifetime and photoluminescence properties of individual flakes of MoS2 films. Usage of these three techniques allows identification of the grown layers, grain boundaries, structural defects and their relative effects on the PL and fluorescence lifetime spectra. Our investigation on individual monolayer flakes reveals a clear increase of the fluorescence lifetime from 0.3 ns to 0.45 ns at the edges with respect to interior region. On the other hand, investigation of the film layer reveals quenching of PL intensity and lifetime at the grain boundaries. These results could be important for applications where the activity of edges is important such as in photocatalytic water splitting. Finally, it has been demonstrated that PL mapping and FLIM are viable techniques for the investigation of the grain‐boundaries.

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Analysis of non‐derivatised bacteriohopanepolyols by ultrahigh‐performance liquid chromatography/tandem mass spectrometry
Authors: Talbot Helen M. , Sidgwick Frances R. , Bischoff Juliane , Osborne Kate A. , Rush Darci , Sherry Angela , Spencer‐Jones Charlotte L.
Published: September 2016

Rationale

Traditional investigation of bacteriohopanepolyols (BHPs) has relied on derivatisation by acetylation prior to gas chromatography/mass spectrometry (GC/MS) or liquid chromatography/MS (LC/MS) analysis. Here, modern chromatographic techniques (ultrahigh‐performance liquid chromatography (UPLC)) and new column chemistries were tested to develop a method for BHP analysis without the need for derivatisation.

Methods

Bacterial culture and sedimentary lipid extracts were analysed using a Waters Acquity Xevo TQ‐S triple quadrupole mass spectrometer in positive ion atmospheric pressure chemical ionisation (APCI) mode. Waters BEH C18 and ACE Excel C18 were the central columns evaluated using a binary solvent gradient with 0.1% formic acid in the polar solvent phase in order to optimise performance and selectivity.

Results

Non‐amine BHPs and adenosylhopane showed similar performance on each C18 column; however, BHP‐containing terminal amines were only identified eluting from the ultra‐inert ACE Excel C18 column. APCI‐MS/MS product ion scans revealed significant differences in fragmentation pathways from previous methods for acetylated compounds. The product ions used for targeted multiple reaction monitoring (MRM) are summarised.

Conclusions

UPLC/MS/MS analysis using an ACE Excel C18 column produced superior separation for amine‐containing BHPs and reduced run times from 60 to 9 min compared with previous methods. Unexpected variations in fragmentation pathways between structural subgroups must be taken into account when optimising MRM transitions for future quantitative studies. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Fragmentation study of major spirosolane‐type glycoalkaloids by collision‐induced dissociation linear ion trap and infrared multiphoton dissociation Fourier transform ion cyclotron resonance mass spectrometry
Authors: Lelario F. , Labella C. , Napolitano G. , Scrano L. , Bufo S. A.
Published: September 2016

Rationale

Glycoalkaloids play a key role in the plant protection system against phytopathogens including fungi, viruses, bacteria, insects and worms. They can be toxic to humans if consumed in high concentrations causing gastrointestinal disturbances.

Methods

The structural characterization of the major spirosolane glycoalkaloids, solasonine, solamargine, α‐tomatine and dehydrotomatine, were investigated by positive electrospray ionization (ESI) coupled with a hybrid linear ion trap (LIT) and Fourier transform ion cyclotron resonance (FTICR) mass spectrometer. Tandem mass spectrometric analysis of spirosolane glycoalkaloids was performed by both collision‐induced dissociation (CID) within the LIT and infrared multiphoton dissociation (IRMPD) in conjunction with the FTICR cell.

Results

Several common product ions were observed, generated by losses of the sugar moiety or aglycone fragmentation in the B‐ or E‐ring, that can provide information on the accurate mass of aglycone and the primary sequence and branching of the oligosaccharide chains. Thanks to the multistage CID it was possible to understand the fragmentation pathways and thanks to the high resolution of IRMPD‐FTICR the elemental compositions of product ions were obtained.

Conclusions

Because the investigated tandem mass spectra data were acquired with high mass accuracy, unambiguous interpretation and determination of the chemical compositions for the majority of detected fragment ions were feasible. From these data, generalized fragmentation pathways were proposed, providing guidance for the characterization of unknown glycoalkaloids in plants. Copyright © John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Segmentation and three‐dimensional reconstruction of lesions using the automated breast volume scanner (ABVS)
Authors: Araújo Teresa , Abayazid Momen , Rutten Matthieu J. C. M. , Misra Sarthak
Published: September 2016

Background

Ultrasound is an effective tool for breast cancer diagnosis. However, its relatively low image quality makes small lesion analysis challenging. This promotes the development of tools to help clinicians in the diagnosis.

Methods

We propose a method for segmentation and three‐dimensional (3D) reconstruction of lesions from ultrasound images acquired using the automated breast volume scanner (ABVS). Segmentation and reconstruction algorithms are applied to obtain the lesion's 3D geometry. A total of 140 artificial lesions with different sizes and shapes are reconstructed in gelatin‐based phantoms and biological tissue. Dice similarity coefficient (DSC) is used to evaluate the reconstructed shapes. The algorithm is tested using a human breast phantom and clinical data from six patients.

Results

DSC values are 0.86 ± 0.06 and 0.86 ± 0.05 for gelatin‐based phantoms and biological tissue, respectively. The results are validated by a specialized clinician.

Conclusions

Evaluation metrics show that the algorithm accurately segments and reconstructs various lesions. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
P‐values and decision‐making: discussion of ‘Limitations of empirical calibration of p‐values using observational data’
Authors: Franklin Jessica M.
Published: September 2016

Gruber and Tchetgen Tchetgen bring up many important limitations of p‐value calibration as applied to the assessment of the safety and effectiveness of medications in secondary administrative data. In this discussion, I further examine the role of study design and selection of comparators in interpreting p‐value calibration results, and we consider the advantages and disadvantages of automation in the epidemiology of medications, including p‐value calibration. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Chiroptically Active Plasmonic Nanoparticles Having Hidden Helicity and Reversible Aqueous Solvent Effect on Chiroptical Activity
Authors: Liu Junjun , Yang Lin , Huang Zhifeng
Published: September 2016

The geometrical prerequisite for forming a helix is P (helical pitch) > d (wire diameter). Limited by the current development of nanofabrication techniques, it is difficult to minimize d and consequently P to the sub‐10 nm molecule‐comparable scale, preventing the study of chiral plasmonics at dimensions approaching the physical limit. Herein, glancing angle deposition is operated at substrate temperature of 0 °C and high speed of substrate rotation to generate silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) with nominal P < d. The AgNPs have intrinsic chiroptical activity characterized by circular dichroism (CD), originating from the hidden helicity. With increasing P from 3 to 66 nm, the plasmonic mode barely shifts but shows a logarithmic increase in CD amplitude. Immersing AgNPs in water causes the plasmonic mode to redshift and rise in CD amplitude, i.e., a water effect on chiroptical activity. Hydrophilic AgNP arrays with low array porosity show a reversible water effect, but hydrophobic Ag nanospiral arrays with P > d and high array porosity have an irreversible water effect. This work introduces a cost‐effective, facile approach to minimize P to sub‐10 nm at a regular substrate temperature, paving the way to study chiral plasmonics approaching the physical limit and exploit chirality‐related bioapplications typically operated in aqueous solutions to tackle significant health and environmental problems.
Light‐Induced Motion of Microengines Based on Microarrays of TiO2 Nanotubes
Authors: Enachi Mihail , Guix Maria , Postolache Vitalie , Ciobanu Vladimir , Fomin Vladimir M. , Schmidt Oliver G. , Tiginyanu Ion
Published: September 2016

An electrochemical approach for manufacturing light‐driven nanostructured titanium dioxide (TiO2) microengines with controlled spatial architecture for improved performance is reported. The microengines based on microscale arrays of TiO2 nanotubes with variable (50–120 nm) inner diameter show a quasi‐ordered arrangement of nanotubes, being the smallest tubular entities for catalytic microengines reported to date. The nanotubes exhibit well defined crystalline phases depending upon the postfabrication annealing conditions that determine the microengines' efficiency. When exposed to UV‐light, the microarrays of TiO2 nanotubes exhibiting conical internal shapes show directed motion in confined space, both in the presence and absence of hydrogen peroxide. In the former case, two different motion patterns related to diffusiophoresis and localized nanobubble generation inside of the tubes due to the photocatalytic decomposition of H2O2 are disclosed. Controlled pick‐up, transport, and release of individual and agglomerated particles are demonstrated using the UV light irradiation of microengines. The obtained results show that light‐driven microengines based on microarrays of TiO2 nanotubes represent a promising platform for controlled micro/nanoscale sample transportation in fluids as well as for environmental applications, in particular, for the enhanced photocatalytic degradation of organic pollutants due to the improved intermixing taking place during the motion of TiO2 microengines.
Setting the Course: Strategies for Writing Digital and Social Guidelines
Authors: Pasquini Laura A.
Published: September 2016

This chapter describes how to establish social media guidelines and policies for colleges and universities effectively, based upon a field study of postsecondary education institutions representing 10 different countries. To further community interactions and social media involvement, this chapter will outline effective practical approaches for the creation and implementation of policy and guidance in higher education.