bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Fábrica de líderes: a influência da USP na formação da elite dirigente nacional
Authors: Loureiro Maria Rita , Codato Adriano , Rodrigues Viegas Rafael , Silva Rodrigo
Published: August 2024

The University of São Paulo (USP) is  acknowledged for its scientific and cultural significance. This article investigates the extent of USP’s influence on the shaping of Brazil’s governing elites. The study is founded on a quantitative analysis of the academic  background of individuals occupying top positions in the federal public administration  (Presidents of the Republic, Presidents of the Central Bank, Ministers of State, leaders of the Legislative, Judiciary, and the Public Prosecutor Service) from the 1930s to the present day. The data reveals that usp has made a significant contribution to the education of high-ranking federal members across various spheres, with its influence being predominant. The participation of USP alumni varies over time and between different political regimes, being more pronounced during democratic periods. Moreover, other higher education institutions have also played crucial roles in the formation of governing elites. The diversity of institutions attended by government members reflects the complexity and dynamics of the formation of Brazilian elites, influenced by political and social changes over time.
Dária Jaremtchuk. Políticas de atração: relações artístico-culturais entre Estados Unidos e Brasil (1960-1970)
Authors: Carvalho Paula Costa Nunes de
Published: August 2024

Book review:  Políticas de atração: relações artístico-culturais entre Estados Unidos e Brasil (1960-1970)", São paulo, Editora Unesp, 2023, by Dária Jaremtchuk.
Changing Nepali children’s attitudes toward conservation through a participatory education program
Authors: Phillips John A. , Rijal Bishwanath , Tan Chia L.
Published: August 2024

People’s attitude toward wildlife is known to affect the success of conservation programs. Public education can increase support for conservation measures by providing the knowledge necessary to make informed decisions, improve pro-environmental behaviour and potentially enlist participation. To that end, we developed a participatory conservation education program in Nepal with a target audience of secondary school students. Our lessons emphasized ecological balance by highlighting the roles of individual species, including the rhesus macaque (Macaca mulatta). This species presents a challenge for educating the public about maintaining balance in nature, because although an important seed disperser and species of religious significance, macaques are frequently involved in human-wildlife conflict and considered a pest species. We evaluated the impact of our program by surveying students from six socioeconomically similar schools, four that participated in our program and two that had not. Our questionnaire was comprised of knowledge questions about local wildlife and conservation issues, an open-ended listing exercise to determine species preferences, and statements that elicited students’ opinions regarding empathy toward animals. Knowledge about and attitude toward wildlife, including M. mulatta, were greater in students that participated in the program. More importantly, these students were more likely to understand the role individual species play in a balanced ecosystem, how human behaviour can negatively impact wildlife, and how they could participate in conservation efforts. Gender was not a factor in any response. We discuss the merits of using a participatory learning platform in a standalone education program that has long-term purpose, funding, and buy-in.
Fire-Faith and the Gnostic Neo-Templars
Authors: Hedenborg White Manon
Published: August 2024

The article analyses the early development of Aleister Crowley’s (1875–1947) Gnostic Catholic Mass and its c. 1917 German translation by Theodor Reuss (1855–1923), the founder and first international head of the initiatory fraternity Ordo Templi Orientis. Crowley’s Gnostic Mass is an influential and important example of esoteric group ritual still celebrated across the globe today. Reuss’s translated ritual holds historical interest, being the first published version of the ritual (1918) and containing a number of editorial innovations. The article discusses Crowley’s and Reuss’s collaboration and their respective masses in context, suggesting Reuss’s innovations to the Gnostic Mass shed light on his own interests in phallicism and neo-Gnosticism as well as his wish to promote Crowley’s teachings to the continental European esoteric milieu.
The Conjuring Girdles of King Solomon and Doctor Faustus in Early Modern Material Magic
Authors: Skemer Don C.
Published: August 2024

The article concerns conjuring girdles in early modern material magic, particularly in Central Europe during the long eighteenth century (c. 1660–c. 1820). Magicians in ritual circles could wear such girdles on the body as belts or sashes to conjure and command angels, spirits, and demons. Emphasis in the article is on anonymous German manuscript books of learned magic dating from the late seventeenth and early eighteenth century, with pseudepigraphal attributions to King Solomon and Doctor Faustus. These manuscripts explain the design, text, imagery, materials, measurements, production, and applications of conjuring girdles. The article also discusses what is known about their compilers, end-users, and readers during a period marked by hybridizing, variability, and democratization in material magic. The article includes three illustrations in books of learned magic with designs for conjuring girdles (Göttingen, Niedersächsische Staats- und Universitätsbibliothek, Cod. Ms. Hist. Nat. 80; Leipzig, Universitätsbibliothek, Cod. Mag. 6 [no. 51]; Leipzig, Universitätsbibliothek, Cod. Mag. 133 [no. 27]); and two conjuring scenes from the legends of Doctor Faustus and his apprentice Christoph Wagner.
The Notion of Textual Comparison between the Judean Desert Biblical Texts and of Variant Readings
Authors: Tov Emanuel
Published: August 2024

Were there any so-called “variants” in the scrolls? The assumption of contact between any two scrolls has been inferred from corrective additions and deletions. It has usually been claimed that corrections were based on MT. I divide the scrolls into different groups because in each group there could have been a different incentive for correction towards an external source. The strength of the argument depends on this division. In an analysis of the evidence (see the Appendix) in each of the groups, a different correction pattern was detected, and often the corrections were revised towards a text different from MT. In all these cases, the corrections were not made towards external sources, but the source of the scrolls. Strengthened by theoretical arguments, we suggest that the scrolls contain no notations of variants, that is, elements that were copied as variants from other scrolls or were corrected according to external sources.
Gender bias in generative artificial intelligence text-to-image depiction of medical students
Authors: Currie Geoffrey , Currie Josie , Anderson Sam , Hewis Johnathan
Published: August 2024

Introduction:

In Australia, 54.3% of medical students are women yet they remain under-represented in stereotypical perspectives of medicine. While potentially transformative, generative artificial intelligence (genAI) has the potential for errors, misrepresentations and bias. GenAI text-to-image production could reinforce gender biases making it important to evaluate DALL-E 3 (the text-to-image genAI supported through ChatGPT) representations of Australian medical students.

Method:

In March 2024, DALL-E 3 was utilised via GPT-4 to generate a series of individual and group images of medical students, specifically Australian undergraduate medical students to eliminate potential confounders. Multiple iterations of images were generated using a variety of prompts. Collectively, 47 images were produced for evaluation of which 33 were individual characters and the remaining 14 images were comprised of multiple (5 to 67) characters. All images were independently analysed by three reviewers for apparent gender and skin tone. Consequently, 33 feature individuals were evaluated and a further 417 characters in groups were evaluated ( N = 448). Discrepancies in responses were resolved by consensus.

Results:

Collectively (individual and group images), 58.8% ( N = 258) of medical students were depicted as men, 39.9% ( N = 175) as women, 92.0% ( N = 404) with a light skin tone, 7.7% ( N = 34) with mid skin tone and 0% with dark skin tone. The gender distribution was a statistically significant variation from that of actual Australian medical students for individual images, for group images and for collective images. Among the images of individual medical students ( N = 25), DALL-E 3 generated 92% ( N = 23) as men and 100% were of light skin tone ( N = 25).

Conclusion:

This evaluation reveals the gender associated with genAI text-to-image generation using DALL-E 3 among Australian undergraduate medical students. Generated images included a disproportionately high proportion of white male medical students which is not representative of the diversity of medical students in Australia. The use of DALL-E 3 to produce depictions of medical students for education or promotion purposes should be done with caution.
Anatomically correct models for visually impaired learners: Teachers’ perspectives
Authors: Ubisi Lindokuhle , Tsabedze Wandile
Published: August 2024

Background:

Despite anatomically correct models (ACMs) being recommended internationally for their ability to serve as real-life, age-appropriate, and practical models in comprehensive sexuality education (CSE) for learners with visual impairment, there is still limited research exploring South African teachers’ views regarding their use.

Objectives:

The aim of this study was to explore how South African teachers of learners with visual impairment view the use of ACMs during their CSE lessons.

Method:

This study used a qualitative approach and an exploratory, multiple case study research design. A total of 36 teachers from five schools for the blind were convenience sampled and data were generated via focus group discussions. The theory of planned behaviour underpinned this study, while data were analysed thematically.

Results:

Most teachers reacted with fear and resistance towards the use of ACMs in their teaching. Their responses were based on embarrassment, shame, and discomfort in handling the models. Part of the reason for this was that most teachers had not received prior teacher education about the use of the models. Some teachers falsely believed that ACMs were pleasure-enhancing devices. Others recommended their use only for blind learners, while yet others stated that they would use ACMs because of their practical value.

Conclusion:

Findings suggest that future research is needed on how best to engage the teachers of learners with visual impairment in self-awareness and desensitisation teacher training. Recommendations for a critical teaching framework, revisions to the CSE curriculum, as well as guidelines for teacher education are provided to facilitate teachers’ use of learners with visual impairment ACMs in their CSE lessons.
Strengthening India’s Cybersecurity and Data Privacy Landscape: A Comprehensive Overview
Authors: Amal Chandra C.
Published: August 2024

This article chronicles India’s cybersecurity and data privacy journey, from the inception of the Information Technology Act in 2000 to the latest Digital Personal Data Protection Act of 2023. Examining key legislative developments, committee formations and judicial interventions, it highlights India’s commitment to fortifying its cybersecurity framework. The topic is analysed in a substantially analytical and qualitative manner, primarily based on literature, both primary and secondary. It is descriptive and puts forth a case explanation of cyber security in banking. In the face of escalating challenges in the digital era, the article contributes to the discourse by addressing prevalent threats like deep fakes, existing frameworks and innovative strategies for securing digital assets. Emphasising the critical interplay of technology, governance and the legal framework, the article underscores the imperative of robust cybersecurity measures to safeguard citizens’ and government interests.
I Made Fire! I—Made—Fire! A Response to “Loneliness” by Frieda Fromm-Reichmann
Authors: Bluvshtein M.
Published: August 2024

The article is a response to Fromm-Reichmann’s “Loneliness,” first published in the middle of the 20th century and continuing to resonate deeply a quarter through the 21st century. Along with general reflections, Adler’s Individual Psychological theory serves as a framework for the discussion, emphasizing the indivisibility of human nature and oneness as an ultimate human striving and an antidote to loneliness.
The Shifting Contours of Nostalgia, Homelessness, and Homecoming: Vietnam War Veterans’ Identity
Authors: Bandyopadhyay Ranjan , Ray Avishek , Le Bao Nguyen
Published: August 2024

At the end of the Vietnam War, after the U.S. veterans returned to their homeland, they were rejected by their own society and hence experienced an inner state of homelessness. Having faced everyday humiliation and monotonous life in their homeland, they longed for Vietnam where they were once important and desired to return there as tourists now. In this journey of life, they turned out to be existential characters who embody the predicament of existence. In this reflective piece, we use Martin Heidegger’s critical phenomenological concepts of homelessness, being and dasein to make sense of the predicament of the veterans’ return to Vietnam. Drawing on our extensive conversation with them, we reflect on their being: how they are exiled at their homeland, but felt at home upon return to Vietnam; and relatedly, how the ever-changing contours of nostalgia, homelessness, and homecoming bear upon their identity.
Postmortem CT and MRI for detecting bowel obstruction in cases of pediatric sepsis deaths
Authors: Marosi Mária , Gorincour Guillaume , Tuchtan-Torrents Lucile , Thali Michael J , Gascho Dominic
Published: August 2024

This article describes the utility of postmortem CT and MRI in diagnosing pediatric bowel obstruction (BO) as the cause of septic shock-induced death. Six pediatric cases with confirmed septic shock were retrospectively analyzed. Postmortem CT scans revealed clear signs of BO in all cases, with volvulus, intussusception, diaphragmatic hernia, or Meckel's diverticulum identified. MRI scans, performed in three cases, did not provide additional diagnostic information. The presented case series highlights the potential of postmortem CT for diagnosing BO in children, potentially aiding in understanding the cause and manner of death. While MRI offered limited additional benefits, its role in conjunction with CT and autopsy warrants further exploration. Combining these modalities could enhance diagnostic accuracy and provide a more complete picture of the cause of death in children.
Effects of delivery tube configuration regarding the gas atomization for preparing Fe-based amorphous powders: Numerical and experimental investigation
Authors: Liu Jiaqi , Wang Pu , Li Xiaoyu , Zhang Jiaquan
Published: August 2024

The volume of fluid (VOF) model and the discrete phase model (DPM) were adopted for primary and secondary atomization processes, respectively. The effects of the inlet-limited delivery tube geometry on the flow field, melt breakup and particle cooling were then investigated. The results show that under the delivery tube extrusion length of 5 mm, the suction effect and the breakup efficiency can be improved, and the risk of freeze-off can be inhibited. With the decrease of the delivery tube diameter from 2.5 to 1.5 mm, the calculated median diameter is decreased by more than half and the average cooling rate is more than doubled. The industrial trial results under different delivery tube diameters match the simulation results, and the stable casting of melt with low flow rate can be realized by adopting the inlet-limited delivery tube. When the delivery tube diameter is 1.5 mm, the amorphous powder has a median diameter of 38.9 μm and optimal soft magnetic properties with saturation magnetization of 135.0 emu·g−1 and coercivity of 0.26 Oe.
Exploring influencing factors and predictive analysis of sarcopenia in the Chinese population using the body composition analyzer
Authors: Li Shaotian , Zou Jingfeng , Wang Liping , Nie Guqiao , Peng Wen
Published: August 2024

Objective:

Employing body composition analysis, this study aims to examine the influencing factors and conduct predictive analysis regarding sarcopenia incidence in the middle-aged and elderly population in China.

Methods:

This study recruited inpatients from the General Medicine Department of Tongji Medical College Affiliated Union Hospital, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, as the subjects for a single-center retrospective study. Diagnosis was conducted according to the 2019 criteria from the Asian Working Group for Sarcopenia. Binary logistic regression analysis was utilized to identify factors influencing sarcopenia, and predictive modeling for sarcopenia occurrence was performed based on the area under the ROC curve (AUC).

Results:

This study comprised 1258 hospitalized patients, of whom 340 were diagnosed with sarcopenia and 918 were not, resulting in a prevalence of 27%. The baseline characteristics showed statistically significant differences between the two groups. Binary logistic regression analysis revealed that low protein, low total body water, low minerals, low basal metabolic rate, and age were risk factors for sarcopenia (OR > 1, P < 0.05). Conversely, being male, having a higher BMI, greater fat-free mass index, and a higher InBody score were identified as protective factors against sarcopenia (OR < 1, P < 0.05). The AUC values for predicting sarcopenia occurrence based on low protein, low total body water, low minerals, low basal metabolic rate, and age were 0.871, 0.846, 0.757, 0.645, and 0.649, respectively, indicating their significance as predictive indicators. Combining these five indicators into a new predictive model for sarcopenia yielded an area under the curve (AUC) value of 0.932, demonstrating excellent sensitivity and specificity concurrently.

Conclusion:

The results of body composition analysis indicate that sarcopenia occurrence in the middle-aged and elderly population in China is associated with factors such as low protein, low total body water, low minerals, low basal metabolic rate, age, gender, BMI, fat-free mass index, and InBody score. The combination of specific body composition indicators facilitates the effective prediction of sarcopenia. Clinical practitioners should proactively identify the risk factors influencing sarcopenia, accurately predict.
Effect of a seven-strain probiotic on dietary intake, inflammatory markers, and T-cells in severe traumatic brain injury patients: A randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial
Authors: Abbaszadeh Seyed Hamze , Yousefi Mehdi , Arefhosseini Seyed Rafie , Mahmoodpoor Ata , Mameghani Mehrangiz Ebrahimi
Published: August 2024

Background

Inflammatory processes are key factors in pathological events associated with severe traumatic brain injury (STBI). The aim of this trial was to determine the effect of probiotics on anthropometric measures, disease severity, inflammatory markers, and T cells in patients with STBI.

Methods

Forty adult patients with STBI were enrolled in this parallel randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial. Energy and protein status, Acute Physiology and Chronic Health Evaluation (APACHE II) score, Sequential Organ Failure Assessment (SOFA), interleukin 10 (IL-10), interleukin 1β (IL-1β), tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α), transforming growth factor beta (TGF-β), T-helper 17 (Th17), and T- Regulator (T-reg) cells were assessed at baseline (day 1), and week 2 (day 14) for each patient.

Results

Probiotic supplementation led to a substantial reduction in the serum levels of TNF-α (from 10.15 ± 6.52 to 5.05 ± 3.27) ( P = 0.034), IL-1β (from 11.84 ± 7.74 to 5.87 ± 3.77) ( P < 0.001), and Th17 cells (from 5.19 ± 1.69 to 2.67 ± 1.89) ( P < 0.001) and a substantial increase in the serum levels of IL-10 (from 3.35 ± 1.45 to 6.17 ± 2.04) ( P = 0.038), TGF-β (from 30.5 ± 15.27 to 46.25 ± 21.05) ( P < 0.001), and T-reg cells (from 2.83 ± 1.43 to 4.29 ± 1.89) ( P < 0.001) compared with the placebo group. Furthermore, no notable changes were observed in energy and protein intake and also, terms of SOFA and APACHE II scores following probiotic treatment compared with the placebo.

Conclusions

Probiotics could reduce inflammation and improve cellular immunity and may be considered as an adjunctive therapy in STBI patients.
Using learning-by-concordance to develop reasoning in epistaxis management with online feedback: A pilot study
Authors: Verillaud Benjamin , Veleur Marine , Kania Romain , Zagury-Orly Ivry , Fernandez Nicolas , Charlin Bernard
Published: August 2024

Background

Epistaxis is a recurring cause for referral to emergency departments. Its management can be complex; hence, it is critical to provide appropriate support to Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery (OHNS) residents to develop clinical reasoning skills to manage such cases. Learning-by-Concordance (LbC) is a recently developed educational tool that encourages learners to think through simulated clinical scenarios. A panel of ENTs provides insightful feedback to residents, reflecting a diversity of opinions about practice. Our study aimed to assess LbC's feasibility and perceived value for training OHNS residents in epistaxis management.

Methods

In this qualitative study, three OHNS surgeons, including two faculty members and one resident, wrote the LbC scenarios. The LbC tool was made available to participants through an online platform. A panel of four OHNS faculty provided feedback on answers to LbC questions. Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery residents participated and provided their opinion on the value of this educational tool through an online questionnaire.

Results

A total of 10 one-hour sessions were required to create and upload the training tool. To provide insightful feedback embedded in the learning tool, the four panelists needed 60 min each. Of the 37 participating residents, 25 (68%) completed the training. Overall satisfaction was high: 88% appreciated the training method, and 92% wanted to use this type of training again. Most residents felt the training enabled them to improve their clinical reasoning when encountering a patient with epistaxis (92%) and their knowledge about epistaxis (96%).

Conclusion

Findings suggest that OHNS residents could benefit from clinical reasoning exercises with panelist feedback using the LbC approach for clinical presentations that require complex approaches to manage conditions such as epistaxis.
The Faces of the Capitalist Modernization of Fishing in the Far South of Brazil from a Perspective of Socioenvironmental Oceanography (1940s to 1990s)
Authors: Moura Gustavo Goulart Moreira , Diegues Antonio Carlos Sant’Ana
Published: August 2024

The goal of this article is to analyze the effects of capitalist modernization on the fishing industry located in Brazil’s far south from a perspective of socioenvironmental oceanography. Socioenvironmental oceanography builds on the contributions of historical materialism that prioritizes the study of the material foundations that support the process of capitalist accumulation. Within this perspective, the object of analysis shifts to one that is centered around the production of (ethno)oceanographic spaces. We argue that the production of these spaces result in the creation of public policies, which are geared towards mobilizing material and non-material resources for an epistemic community. This community was promoted to being a center of calculation whose supposed goal was to find ways to improve the bioeconomic “sustainability” of fishery resources. This process destroys fishing resources, as well as traditional/artisanal fishing systems and territories. In addition, it sets the stage for material and non-material precedents based around the spatial planning of marine areas that goes back to the foundations of the blue economy.
Navigating the New Frontier: Recommendations to Address the Crisis and Potential of AI in the Classroom
Authors: Slade Joseph J. , Byers Stephanie M. , Becker-Blease Kathryn A. , Gurung Regan A. R.
Published: August 2024

Introduction

The integration of artificial intelligence (AI) into higher education ushers in a new era of teaching and learning possibilities for both educators and students.

Statement of the Problem

These technologies not only offer unparalleled opportunities for personalized learning and instructional support, but also introduce challenges related to academic integrity.

Literature Review

The literature highlights AI's versatile applications in education, from facilitating research to acting as a tutor.

Teaching Implications

Educators can create AI-informed assignments that encourage active learning, critical thinking, and creativity. AI tools can be integrated as supports rather than substitutes for learning and foster an ethical framework within which students can explore AI's capabilities.

Conclusion

This review of AI's impact on education and the discussion of teaching strategies underscore the need for a nuanced approach to integrating AI in the classroom. By acknowledging both the challenges and opportunities presented by AI, educators can enhance teaching and learning while upholding academic standards.
Epidermoid Cyst at the Root of the Sphenoidal Pterygoid Process: A Rare Case Report
Authors: Gai Senxi , Ma Zhiyong , Ding Changhui , Yang Lizhuo , Guo Zengli , Fu Zhijie
Published: August 2024

Epidermoid cysts of the skull base are rare. We present the case of a woman with an epidermoid cyst at the root of the sphenoidal pterygoid process. She experienced tightness of the forehead skin without headache. Computed tomography (CT) scan revealed a hypodense lesion at the base of the skull in the right middle cranial fossa, which had partly eroded the pterygoid root. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) scan revealed a soft cystic mass that eroded the pterygoid root with hypo-/iso-intense on T1-weighted images, hyperintense on T2-weighted images, inhomogeneous hyperintense on diffusion-weighted images, a slightly low apparent diffusion coefficient, and no enhancement, suggesting a diagnosis of an epidermoid cyst. Surgical excision was performed using a nasal endoscope via the pterygoid process—root approach. A histopathological examination confirmed the diagnosis of an epidermoid cyst. At the 6-month follow-up, no recurrence was found on MRI or nasal endoscopy, and the symptoms of forehead tightness disappeared. In conclusion, epidermoid cysts at the root of the sphenoidal pterygoid process are exceptionally rare. Preoperative MRI and CT scans are necessary for the correct diagnosis and differentiation of other low-growing lesions. Nasal endoscopy is crucial for surgical excision and postoperative follow-up for potential recurrence.
Reflexive Activation of Monoracial Categories During Multiracial Categorization
Authors: Chwe John Andrew H. , Lick David J. , Freeman Jonathan B.
Published: August 2024

Previous research has examined the real-time cognitive processes underlying perceivers’ ability to resolve racial ambiguity into monoracial categorizations, but such processes for multiracial categorizations are less clear. Using a novel, three-choice mouse-tracking paradigm, we found that when perceivers categorized faces as multiracial their hand movements revealed an initial attraction to a monoracial category (study 1). Moreover, exposure to multiracial individuals moderated these effects. When measured (Study 2) or manipulated (Study 3), multiracial exposure reduced monoracial category activation and activation occurred for both morphed and real multiracial faces (Study 4). Together, the findings suggest that multiracial categorizations emerge from dynamic competition between relatively more accessible monoracial categories and a less-accessible multiracial category, which is attenuated through greater exposure to multiracial targets. This research is the first to chart out the real-time dynamics underlying multiracial categorizations and offers a new theoretical account of this increasingly common form of social categorization.
The Shadow Bodies of Mice: Invisible Work in Translational Medicine
Authors: Friese Carrie
Published: August 2024

The clinician-scientist is often viewed as the crucial nexus in the translational processes that turn scientific research into medical technologies, including but not limited to pharmaceuticals. To create a point of contrast, and to consider the theme of invisible labor, this paper foregrounds an alternative actant who has also been deemed a vital nexus in translational medicine within Science and Technology Studies: the laboratory animal as model organism. Based on observational research conducted in an animal facility that was caring for laboratory mice as well as the immunological laboratory that was conducting research regarding ageing and vaccine uptake using those mice, this paper explores how mouse bodies and animal technicians’ knowledge of those mouse bodies are rendered invisible through the everyday flows of translation. I draw on Balka and Star's concept of “shadow bodies” to consider variations in how mouse bodies are understood across the translational process and probe the consequences this has for what knowledge is legitimately produced and by whom. By making the invisible work of mice and of technicians visible, I argue that the organizational filters of translational medicine may inadvertently make the work of animal technicians all the harder, in a manner that reproduces social inequalities.
Field-Configuring Places: Unpacking the role of place in field evolution
Authors: Capron Etienne , Delacour Hélène
Published: August 2024

The paper theorises how a place can influence the emergence and evolution of an exchange field. Specifically, we examine the Society for Arts and Technology building in Montreal, focusing on its geographical location, material form, and meanings as their adaptations over time. Our findings identify three types of influence that the SAT building has on the field of projection mapping: supporting the community, fostering interorganisational relationships, and catalysing innovation. These influences manifest in distinct ways depending on the field’s evolution phase. We contribute to the literature on field configuration by developing the concept of the field-configuring place and distinguishing it from the established concept of the field-configuring event. Additionally, we extend the institutional dynamics literature by showing how a place can support the configuration of a field from its emergence, based on its characteristics that can be adapted while providing stability. This study thus underlines the cross-fertilisation between the literature on field configuration and that on places.
Femvertising or Faux Feminism? A Critical Discourse Analysis of Sport Femvertising Campaigns
Authors: Sharifzadeh Zahra , Brison Natasha
Published: August 2024

This study investigates the representation of female athletes in Gatorade's Sister in Sweat (2019) and Adidas’ Reimagine Sport (2020) Femvertising campaigns. Adopting a critical feminist lens, this study examined verbal and visual strategies and the post-feminist elements that sports brands apply to communicate female-empowering messages. Guided by Fairclough's framework of critical discourse analysis and Kress and van Leeuwen's visual grammar, a multimodal critical discourse analysis was conducted to analyze verbal–visual strategies and semiotic resources used to construct/challenge the gender relations in sports. Also, following Gill's post-feminist media culture, recurring themes that characterize female athlete representation are identified. These themes include femininity as a bodily preoccupation, sexualization, individualism and choice, self-surveillance, and intersectionality. Results reveal that, despite the sports brands’ support of gender equality and female empowerment through femvertising, gender stereotypes still exist within the campaigns.
A brief history of bison zooarchaeological research in eastern Washington
Authors: Lee Lyman R
Published: August 2024

In 1953 15 archaeological sites in eastern Washington State had produced remains of bison ( Bison bison). Over the following years, the growing archaeological record of bison in the area was revisited as scholars sought to determine if technology changed in response to the presence of bison, the butchering practices used to process carcasses, the demography of resident populations, the kind of activity areas with which bison remains were associated, the frequency of the animal during the Holocene, and the body size of individuals during the Holocene. In this, the study of bison remains tracks well the history of North American zooarchaeology and the history of archaeology in general. Today 70 archaeological and 10 paleontological sites are known to have produced bison remains. Restudy of the larger collections from a modern standpoint will likely reveal much about eastern Washington Holocene bison—an ecologically and biogeographically peripheral or marginal population—that has not yet been considered.
Mapping the Future of Migration and Climate Change Science
Authors: Nawyn Stephanie , He Linlang , Chen Jiquan , Axelrod Mark , Irfan Furqan , Ahmed Fahad S. , Walker Mary Anne
Published: August 2024

The scholarship on migration and climate change has been rapidly developed over recent decades, moving away from apocalyptic predictions of mass displacement toward more nuanced modeling of the complex relationships between climate change and migration. Unfortunately, much of that development has happened in parallel to the core of migration studies and thus our prevailing migration theories do not reflect these emerging studies of climate and migration. Our objectives for this article are to describe the general theoretical assertions made in the climate change-migration literature and propose a theoretical framework for guiding empirical investigations into the ways that climate change drives human migration, identifying the mediating variables that more directly shape migration and integrating multiple levels of analyses. We provide an example of how our theoretical framework can be used to design an analytic strategy and conclude by suggesting how future research can use this conceptual model to move toward a cohesive theory of climate-related migration and resulting policy responses.
Environmental information required by individuals with visual impairments who use orientation and mobility aids to navigate indoor places
Authors: Papadopoulos Konstantinos , Koustriava Eleni , Kouroupetroglou Georgios , Gumus Suad S , Stylianidis Efstratios , Müller Karin , Charitakis Konstantinos , Chronopoulou Elena
Published: August 2024

The objective of the study is to investigate the requirements of individuals with blindness regarding the information to be included in audio-tactile maps and other orientation and mobility aids of indoor places. The research was conducted with the participation of 115 adults with blindness aged from 18 to 64 years. The participants were asked to evaluate each one of the 136 listed environmental information, regarding their usefulness for safety, location of services, and orientation/wayfinding during movement. The study defines the most useful environmental information that should be included in the orientation and mobility aids of indoor places for individuals with blindness. The older the participants, and the more often they move independently without the support of a sighted guide, the less useful they find the inclusion of some environmental information in orientation and mobility aids for indoor places. Although the research focuses on audio-tactile maps, the recorded participants’ preferences on the significant/useful indoor environmental information could be applied in orientation and mobility aids in general. Participants considered more useful the information necessary for safe and independent navigation within indoor places, as well as information relevant to their daily needs coverage and information referring to support provision through auditory or haptic cues. This study holds particular significance for developers of orientation and mobility aids for individuals with blindness. The findings will serve as a valuable point of reference for professionals such as orientation and mobility specialists, rehabilitation experts, and teachers involved in producing aids for students with blindness. While the research concentrates on audio-tactile maps, the preferences of participants recorded in the study regarding crucial indoor environmental information can apply to orientation and mobility aids in a broader context.
Enhancing steel properties with surface mechanical treatments
Authors: Katiyar Lokendra Kumar , Sasikumar C.
Published: August 2024

This research presents the modification of the microstructure on the surface of a dual phase steel (DP) using three different treatments: surface mechanical attrition treatment (SMAT), surface mechanical carburizing treatment (SMCT), and surface mechanical composite coating treatment (SMCCT). We used SMAT to refine the grain size under high strain and strain rate conditions and successfully induced a phase transformation to martensite. The introduction of carbon during SMAT resulted in surface mechano-chemical carburizing, which enhanced the martensite transformation. Furthermore, the addition of silicon during the process led to the formation of SiC and Fe3C particles dispersed within the ferrite and martensite matrix, creating a surface nano-composite. Analysis using SEM and XRD revealed that the carbon and silicon-treated steel exhibited 41.4% martensite, 4.4% bainite, and 54.1% ferrite, indicating increased transformation by these elements. As a result, the alterations in the surface microstructure led to changes in the mechanical properties of the DP steel. Initially, the DP steel had Y.S. of 250 MPa and U.T.S. of 350 MPa. After SMAT treatment, its Y.S. and U.T.S. increased to 280 MPa and 380 MPa, respectively. The addition of carbon and silicon further enhanced the Y.S. and U.T.S. to 350 MPa and 450 MPa. A significant change in microhardness is achieved from 150HV0.05 to 255HV0.05 while after SMCT and SMCCT is 275HV0.05. Despite an increase in surface roughness contributing to heighten friction, there was a significant reduction in wear. This phenomenon could be attributed to grain refinement, dislocation structures, and martensite phase transformations associated with surface hardening.
A systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials to reduce burden, stress, and strain in informal stroke caregivers
Authors: Jammal Melissa , Kolt Gregory S , Liu Karen P Y , Guagliano Justin M , Dennaoui Nariman , George Emma S
Published: August 2024

Objectives

To understand the nature and effectiveness of interventions aimed at improving informal stroke caregiver burden, stress, and strain.

Data sources

In line with Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses guidelines, a systematic search of CENTRAL, CINAHL, MEDLINE, Embase, APA PsycInfo, and Web of Science was conducted in May 2022.

Review methods

Studies were eligible if they included an intervention designed for informal stroke caregivers, reported on caregiver burden, strain, or stress, were published in English, and used a randomized controlled trial design. An updated search was conducted in June 2024. The methodological quality of studies was appraised using the Cochrane risk-of-bias tool for randomized trials. The data were pooled, and a meta-analysis was completed for caregiver burden and strain outcomes.

Results

Nineteen studies met inclusion criteria and were meta-analyzed. Interventions ranged from 4 days to 12 months. Most studies incorporated educational and/or support components. Meta-analyses revealed nonsignificant effects on caregiver burden or strain. Significant between-group differences for caregiver strain and burden were, however, found in seven studies.

Conclusion

Limited studies, small sample sizes, and conflicting results made definitive conclusions on the most effective intervention characteristics for improving caregiver outcomes difficult. Of the 19 studies, seven found significant between-group differences for caregiver outcomes postintervention, and these tended to incorporate educational components and comprised between seven and nine sessions. Further high-quality research is required to identify optimal format, duration, and frequency for improving caregiver outcomes.
Differences in palliative care needs between cancer patients and non-cancer patients at the start of specialized palliative care: A nationwide register-based study
Authors: Hansen Maiken Bang , Rojas-Concha Leslye , Petersen Morten Aagaard , Adsersen Mathilde , Groenvold Mogens
Published: August 2024

Background:

Patients with non-cancer disease are less likely to receive specialized palliative care than cancer patients. To be able to provide the best specialized palliative care, it is important to understand palliative care needs of non-cancer patients and whether the type and level of needs differ from those of cancer patients. Large studies including both cancer and non-cancer patients, using validated needs-assessment-tools, are needed to understand differences in palliative care needs at admittance to specialized palliative care.

Aims:

To compare palliative care needs at the start of palliative care for cancer and non-cancer disease.

Design:

Six-year nationwide register-based study.

Setting/participants:

This study included patients from all Danish specialized palliative care services (hospice care, hospital-based palliative care, home-based palliative care, or consultation) who completed a need-assessment-questionnaire. Ordinal logistic regression was performed to study the association between diagnosis and needs.

Results:

Cancer patients had a higher probability of receiving specialized palliative care. Of the 44,315 palliative care admissions included in this study, 93.3% were on cancer patients. Independent of diagnosis patients experienced on average six needs and high levels of fatigue and impaired physical functioning. Non-cancer patients had significantly higher odds of insomnia, fatigue and impaired emotional functioning, physical functioning, and quality of life whereas cancer patients had higher odds of pain (except for patients with neurological disease).

Conclusions:

The higher levels of several symptoms/problems among non-cancer patients compared to cancer patients suggests that referral to specialized palliative care should be improved for non-cancer patients perhaps by improving identification of palliative needs.
Tubal replacement of cervix for treatment of type II vaginal atresia complicated with cervical dysplasia: a case report
Authors: Jin Xin , Liu Sicong , Wang Nannan , Liu Nana , Li Guilin
Published: August 2024

Vaginal atresia is a rare obstructive disease of the reproductive tract. It is characterized by the absence or underdevelopment of the vaginal canal and results in various clinical manifestations. Hysterectomy can physically and mentally burden young female patients with a congenital cervix and complete vaginal atresia. This report presents a case of type II vaginal atresia complicated by cervical dysplasia in a female patient >10 years of age. Our team opted to preserve the patient’s uterus, innovated a fallopian tube transplantation technique, and performed cervicovaginal reconstruction using natural channels instead of the cervical canal. The patient experienced menarche within the first 2 weeks postoperatively, and follow-up at 6 months revealed no abnormalities.
Identification, computation, and mapping of anthropogenic landforms in urban areas: Case studies in the historical centre of Genoa, Italy (UNESCO World Heritage)
Authors: Terrone Martino , Mandarino Andrea , Piana Pietro , Faccini Francesco
Published: August 2024

Urban geomorphology is a recent discipline that has gained a great deal of interest amongst the scientific community also for its clear connection with the concept of Anthropocene. The identification of anthropogenic landforms in an urban area requires a multidisciplinary approach, mostly using multi-temporal map comparisons, direct and indirect geognostic surveys, and detailed study of the urban landscape. Mediterranean cities have a particularly complex history: their original settlement usually dates back to the medieval period, but often to more ancient, occasionally even prehistoric, times. The result is an urban landscape characterised by modified natural landforms, but above all by anthropogenic landforms linked to the stratification of various urban phases. Reconstructing the landforms before major anthropogenic impacts of the last centuries is a particularly complex operation, and scientific research appears in its early stages. In this research, we introduce examples of the reconstruction of natural landforms in the historic centre of Genoa, a port city that experienced a peak of expansion in the Middle Ages and the Modern Age. The results obtained on four pilot areas highlight significant and previously unknown anthropic modifications and the associated landforms in the urban landscape. Large excavations, fills supported by ramparts, and sea embankments have been identified and quantitatively evaluated using a mixed approach between different disciplines: historical geography, geomatics, physical geography and geomorphology, and engineering geology. This methodology may be applied to other Mediterranean and extra-European urban contexts and may contribute, on the one hand, to the identification of potential geomorphological risks in urban areas and, on the other hand, to the use of urban landscape forms for geological heritage and geodiversity development activities.
Photomonitoring as a Tool for Monitoring Landslides: A Technology within Everyone’s Reach
Authors: Cosentino Antonio , Brunetti Alessandro , Mazzanti Paolo
Published: August 2024

Landslides pose significant threats to human lives and infrastructure, making accurate monitoring essential for understanding and preventing these events. Photomonitoring, utilizing optical/multispectral sensors and digital image processing techniques, has emerged as a valuable tool for studying and monitoring landslide deformation processes. This article explores the application of photomonitoring in landslide studies, presenting three diverse case studies showcasing its efficacy and versatility. The technique allows for continuous, automated, and real-time monitoring of landslide events, providing valuable insights into displacement patterns and deformation trends. To enhance its usability, the software IRIS was developed to analyze data acquired from various platforms and sensors. This innovative solution promises to improve landslide management, contributing to better comprehension, prevention, and mitigation strategies, ultimately ensuring the safety of communities and infrastructure in landslide-prone regions.