bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
SEMANTIC ANALYSIS IN ENGLISH HIGH SCHOOL HANDBOOKS
Authors: Syarifuddin Salmia - , Hasyim Irmawaty -
Published: February 2022

This paper aims to uncover semantics meaning found in the literary work in the English handbook of high school using a semantic approach. This study applied a descriptive qualitative method. The data in this study were phrases, sentences, and clauses that allegedly contain implicit and explicit meanings. The literary work analyzed were taken from three (3) handbooks for high school student. The results of the study showed the discovery of various types of semantic meanings in literary works found in the English handbook as teaching materials. The types of semantics meaning found in the English Handbook for high school were literal and non-literal meaning. These meanings did not appear together in one literary work, but it is spread in the literary works found in the English handbooks.
DUOLINGO AS AN EDUCATIONAL LANGUAGE TOOL TO ENHANCE EFL STUDENTS’ MOTIVATION IN WRITING
Authors: Habibie Alvons
Published: February 2022

Duolingo is one of the modern applications that facilitate acquiring a second language.This research aims at invesitigating students’ motivation in writing through Duolingo as one of educational language tool. This study used descriptive qualitative method to explore and describe the phenomenon. Subjects of this study were 40 students of English department, which consisted of 10 male and 30 female. Data collection techniques in this study were interviews, while the data analysis techniques in this study were data reduction, data presentation, and  conclusions. The study revealed that the use of Duolingo application was quite effective to enhance the students’ motivation in writing. This study showed that Duolingo is an app where every beginner can start learning a second language as it motivates him / her to keep on making progress. Nevertheless, Duolingo also needs improvement to cover more vocabulary, grammar rules and languages, especially English, since it is the lingua franca of the world.
Utilizing Cooperative Integrated Reading and Composition (CIRC) with mobile Learning to Enhance Students' Reading Comprehension
Authors: Maruf Nirwanto , Anjely A. Maya Rupa
Published: February 2022

This present study aims to find out the how significant the utilization of Cooperative Integrated Reading and Composition (CIRC) with mobile learning on students’ reading comprehension. This study is conducted by using the quantitative method with pre-experimental design.  The instrument used in in this study was test sheet called as Reading Comprehension Test (RCT), and it employed in pre-test and post-test, it was developed and selected from student textbooks, story books, and authentic materials to measure students’ reading comprehension achievement. The present results reveal that CIRC teaching strategy with mobile learning (m-learning) improved students’ performance in reading comprehension, it was indicated from the result of paired samples test (t-test) that the value of the t-observed significant is at .000 is lower than .050 (.000 < .050, this means students’ improvement is significant after exposed by the experimentation (treatment) process. Based on the result, it concluded that the utilization of Cooperative Integrated Reading and Composition (CIRC) with mobile learning as teaching strategy can enhance students’ reading comprehension.Keywords: Cooperative Integrated Reading and Composition (CIRC), Mobile Learning, Reading Comprehension.
ANALISIS STRATEGI BAURAN PROMOSI DAN STRATEGI SALURAN DISTRIBUSI PADA UNIT KELOLA ARCHIPELAGO INTERNATIONAL PADA SITUASI PANDEMI COVID-19 KOTA DENPASAR, BALI
Authors: Manuhutu Fadillah , Putri Widawati Ida Ayu , Satiadji Amirosa Ria
Published: February 2022

The objectives of this study are (1) to analyze the marketing promotion strategy of hotel products carried out by Aston Denpasar, Neo Denpasar, Quest Denpasar during the covid-19 pandemic, (2) to analyze the marketing distribution channel strategy carried out by Aston Denpasar, Neo Denpasar, Quest Denpasar during the covid-19 pandemic, (3) To determine the right promotion strategy and distribution channel strategy during the covid 19 pandemic. This research uses qualitative research. Data analysis uses SWOT analysis where SWOT analysis is a tool used to compile the company's strategic factors. The results of this study. (1) The strategy used three hotels is to carry out the same promotional mix, namely personal selling, advertising, sales promotion and publicity strategies. (2) The distribution channel strategy carried out by Aston Denpasar, Neo Denpasar and Quest Hotels is where the hotel determines the best distribution channel for its products to meet customer needs. Consumer needs used direct distribution and distribution through wholesale agents. (3) The marketing and distribution mix recommendation strategy through swot analysis is in a growth strategy through horizontal integration.
TRADITIONS AND MODERN TRENDS OF PROFESSIONAL TRAINING OF ARTISTS OF DECORATIVE AND APPLIED ART
Authors:   Київська державна академія декоративно-прикладного мистецтва і дизайну імені Михайла Бойчука, POLTAVSKA Y.
Published: February 2022

The author of the article focuses on the fact that folk arts and crafts are an integral part of any culture, including the culture of the Ukrainian people. It contributes to the formation of artistic taste, education of love for the Motherland, pride in one's people, respect for age-old cultural traditions, awakens a sense of responsibility for the preservation of spiritual riches created by previous generations. The author also notes that decorative and applied art acquires special significance in modern socio-economic circumstances. That is why the problem of finding new teaching methods in this area is extremely relevant. The author believes that at the present stage of development of pedagogical science it is necessary to apply methods of scientific research and research, use a systematic analysis of the problem of art education, historical analysis of domestic and foreign educational concepts in traditional arts and crafts, as well as the latest technologies – applied art. The author considers it important that the influence of mass culture affects the lives of Ukrainians, when forgeries of folk art acquire the character of outright «kitsch», and the mind and soul of modern boys and girls are practically devoid of national meaning, unable to distinguish good from evil and beautiful from ugly. The article considers the issues of professional training of applied artists. Feature of traditional applied art, which reflects the movement of time and the general patterns of development of the world art process, influencing other areas of creative activity. The author of the article focuses on the fact that folk art occupies an important place in the system of means of forming creative activity of students, which integrates domestic, artistic and pedagogical traditions. The author emphasizes that modern teachers must adhere to a variety of tools when compiling curricula: apply research methods and research, use systematic analysis of the problem of art education, historical analysis of domestic and foreign educational concepts in the field of traditional arts and crafts; study of archival materials and documents, the state of professional training in other domestic and foreign educational institutions that train specialists in related specialties. Key words: decorative and applied art, traditional, development, science, training, education, pedagogy, professional, history, people, technologies, directions.
ШЛЯХИ ФОРМУВАННЯ ПИСЬМОВИХ НАВИЧОК ЯК ФОРМИ КОМУНІКАЦІЇ АНГЛІЙСЬКОЮ МОВОЮ СТУДЕНТІВ ВИЩОЇ ШКОЛИ
Authors:   Донбаський державний педагогічний університет, RADZIEVSKA O. , LOZA I. ,   Куп’янський ліцей № 1
Published: February 2022

The problem of formation of English written language skills during English language teaching in high school was considered in the work. Studies have shown that the formation of English written language skills plays an important role in the process of learning and mastering a foreign written language at a senior stage. Considering the theoretical aspects of the formation of written skills, namely: the concept of foreign written language, goals and content of learning to write, ways and means of forming a foreign written language, we can conclude that learning to speak is inextricably linked with learning other speech activities . Writing skills allow to preserve language and factual knowledge, serve as a reliable tool for thinking, stimulate speaking, listening and reading in a foreign language. It is noted that in recent years the role of writing in foreign language teaching is gradually increasing, and, in a sense, writing is beginning to be seen as a reserve in improving the effectiveness of foreign language learning. One cannot ignore the practical significance of written language communication in the light of modern means of communication, such as e-mail, the Internet, etc. In the latter case, writing as a form of linguistic communication develops on the basis of only authentic material. It is emphasized that if you correctly define the goals of learning writing and writing, take into account the role of writing in the development of other skills, use exercises that fully meet the goal, perform these exercises at the appropriate stage of learning, then oral speech gradually becomes richer and more logical. Thus, based on the above statements, we can conclude that the main purpose of the work – to analyze the skills of written speech and their formation at the senior stage of learning English in high school - has been achieved, as well as the tasks. The classification of written skills was studied, the base of exercises was considered, the evaluation criteria were identified and the requirements and indicators of the formation of written skills were analyzed. Key words: writing, skills, communication, learning process, skills.
COMPOSITION AS A FUNDAMENTAL DISCIPLINE IN THE PROCESS OF PAINTERS TEACHING
Authors:   Київська державна академія декоративно-прикладного мистецтва і дизайну імені Михайла Бойчука, TYTENKO O.
Published: February 2022

The author in the article considers some aspects of creating a composition in painting, explores the changes in the composition of the picture throughout the history of art. Proves that creativity and creativity are important factors for creating a composition, which can be defined as a person's ability to constructive, non-standard thinking. This topic is very relevant for future artists. The rules, constructions of the composition defined in this article will help to make work (a photo, a collage, drawing, a picture) harmonious and balanced. The author emphasizes that it is not enough to have natural talent and taste to harmoniously combine objects in the chosen format. You need to know certain rules to succeed. For example, the rule of the golden ratio. The author draws attention to the fact that the composition is built according to certain laws. Its rules and techniques are interconnected and apply at all times of work on the composition. Everything is aimed at achieving the expressiveness and integrity of the work of art. To create an emotional and figurative composition, the artist must learn to use interesting events, characters, motives, angles and states. Emphasizes that the constant execution of sketches, sketches and sketches from nature develops not only the eye and hand, but also compositional thinking. The author reminds that the means of composition can be a variety of techniques and rules. And also that the search for an original compositional solution, the use of means of artistic expression, the most suitable for the implementation of the artist's idea, are the basis of the expressiveness of the composition. It is important that the subject «Composition» is closely related to the content of subjects «Drawing», «Painting», «Easel Composition», which set general goals and objectives according to the basic laws of compositional construction, graphic and pictorial performance. An important role in this process is given to mastering the knowledge of theory in the field of art history. The subject «Composition» is aimed at acquiring deep knowledge, skills and abilities in the learning process, obtaining art education, as well as the aesthetic education of students. Key words: composition, art, artists, artists, canon, age, creativity, means, color, contrast.
PREPARATION OF FUTURE SPECIALISTS FOR LABOR EDUCATION AND PROFESSIONAL ORIENTATION OF STUDENTS WITH SPECIAL EDUCATIONAL NEEDS
Authors:   Центральноукраїнський державний педагогічний університет імені Володимира Винниченка, SHYSHOVA I.
Published: February 2022

Issues of labor education and vocational guidance of students with special educational needs are traditionally relevant for special education. Of fundamental importance is the need to modernize the content of labor training, the question of its prospects, employment and independent living of persons with special educational needs. An important factor in the activity is the motivation to act - motivation. The motives of human labor are sometimes difficult to determine, because they are not always clear, formed, understandable. However, you can offer to choose them from a list of motives, perform exercises to formulate motives in a business game or training. They can be related to the satisfaction of physiological needs, security needs, social needs, the need for self-affirmation, self-expression, the desire to succeed, to join, the desire for power, reward. A technique that complements the identification of motives for work is to discuss with a person his life prospects, life projects, thinking about his life strategies and tactics, ways to overcome psychological barriers, identify areas of activity, real steps to achieve the goal, planning skills, self-management. Trainings in a free, relaxed environment will help to master your own capabilities and prospects. Students must clearly identify the strengths and weaknesses of a person with special needs. Students must not only master the basic methods of teaching disciplines related to the labor training of people with special educational needs, but also be able to provide communication assistance in certain government agencies. Future professionals already during training should understand, practically use skills of financial literacy. During the preparation of future specialists of special education for labor education and vocational guidance of students with special educational needs, we consider it necessary during the study to provide students with teaching methods of disciplines «Manual labor», «Technology», «Social orientation», to acquaint young people with ways to master basic social skills, basics of professional orientation. Key words: future specialists in special education, children with special needs, labor education, vocational guidance, work motives, financial literacy.
COMMUNITY RELATION DALAM MENJAGA CITRA POSITIF RADIO
Authors: Febrianti Vera , Oktaviani Femi
Published: February 2022

Dalam sebuah perusahaan aktivitas community relations adalah hal yang wajib dilakukan karena dapat memengaruhi eksistensi dan citra sebuah perusahaan. Pelaksaan kegiatannya berbeda - beda sesuai dengan yang direncanakan oleh perusahaan, dalam hal ini peran public relations dalam menghubungkan komunikasi antara publik eksternal dengan perusahaan untuk membangun sebuah citra yang baik dan menentukan kelangsungan hidup perusahaan sangat diperlukan. Penelitian ini mengkaji aktivitas community relations yang dilaksanakan perusahaan media yaitu radio Dahlia Bandung. Pelaksanaan aktivitas ini sebagai wujud kepedulian dan tanggung jawab, serta kepekaan perusahaan terhadap lingkungaan sosial dan komunitas sekitar. Public Relations radio Dahlia memiliki tugas mengembangkan, merawat dan menjaga citra corporate sebagai radio No 1 di kota Bandung serta peka terhadap kegiatan kreatif berbagai kegiatan komunikasi, sosial, budaya dan lingkungan. Dalam penelitian ini peneliti menggunakan metode deskriptif kualitatif dengan teori relationship management. Peneliti juga melakukan teknik pengumpulan data dengan wawancara, dimana peneliti melakukan tanya jawab sepihak yang dilakukan secara sistematis dan berlandaskan kepada tujuan penelitian. Radio Dahlia mengimplementasikan community relation dengan melaksanakan beberapa kegiatan yang dilaksanakan setiap tahunnya. Radio Dahlia dan komunitas masyarakat sekitar memiliki rasa saling ketergantungan satu sama lain untuk selalu menjalin hubungan yang baik dan untuk menjaga citra positif perusahaan. Kata Kunci: Community relations;Citra positif;Radio.
Pain medicine in fiction. Bekhterev's disease in Evgenii Litvak’s web novel “The Age of Glory and Hope”
Authors: Bondarieva T
Published: February 2022

The article provides an overview of pain medicine as a component of the art world of fiction. The semantic meaning of the disease (for example, tuberculosis, epilepsy, infectious diseases (plague), Bekhterev's disease) as one of the character's or author's characteristic (Lesya Ukrainka) is analyzed. A general analysis of the integrative connec­tions between medicine and literature as humanities is of­fered. On the example of the web novel “The Age of Glory and Hope” by Evgenii Litvak, the course of Bekhterev's dis­ease in the main character is reviewed, as well as the ther­apy proposed by the author in the work as opposed to the conventional medicine. It is noted that the state of pregnan­cy in which the main character of the novel is, contributes to the intensification of blood supply in the body, which can positively affect recovery. In particular, it is emphasized that in the modern informational space the user has ac­cess to special knowledge and professional sources, which allows to operate with specialized medical knowledge (at the erudition level) in the fiction, while being clear to the reader, which is one of the features of internet literature, which includes the web novel “The Age of Glory and Hope” by Evgenii Litvak.
Surgical management of myelocystocele: a single-center experience with long-term functional outcomes
Authors: Behbahani Mandana , Shlobin Nathan A. , Dziugan Klaudia , Callas Hannah , Meyer Theresa , Yerkes Elizabeth , Swaroop Vineeta T. , DeCuypere Michael , Lam Sandi , McLone David , Bowman Robin
Published: February 2022

OBJECTIVE

Myelocystocele (MCC) is an uncommon form of skin-covered spinal dysraphism. The authors aimed to present long-term functional outcomes of patients treated for MCC with and without associated abnormalities of cloacal development (ACD).

METHODS

All patients with MCC and at least one tethered cord release (TCR) treated at a single institution between 1982 and 2019 were retrospectively reviewed. Demographic, operative, and functional outcome data were analyzed.

RESULTS

Of 51 children with MCC, 30 (58.8%) had MCC only and 21 (41.2%) had associated ACD (MCC/ACD). Thirty-two patients (62.7%) had undergone one TCR, while 19 patients (37.3%) had multiple TCRs. Urinary continence assessment was possible in 41 patients (80.4%), and bowel continence assessment was possible in 43 patients (84.3%) who were either older than 6 years or toilet trained. Although patients with MCC only were more likely to void volitionally (p = 0.0001), there was no difference in overall bladder continence based on the presence of ACD (p = 0.15) or the need for additional untethering procedures (p = 0.15). Those with MCC only were more likely to have overall bowel continence (p = 0.0001) and not require any management (p = 0.002), while those with MCC/ACD were more likely to have an ileostomy (p = 0.01). Of the 30 patients with MCC only, 29 (96.7%) were able to ambulate in the community. Of 21 patients with MCC/ACD, 14 (66.7%) were able to ambulate in the community, 5 (23.8%) were not ambulating, and 2 (9.5%) were therapeutic ambulators. A greater proportion of children in the MCC cohort were ambulating in the community (p = 0.01). There was no difference in community ambulation based on the number of TCRs (p > 0.99), but those with multiple TCRs were more likely to use braces (p = 0.01) and require lower-extremity orthopedic surgery (p = 0.01).

CONCLUSIONS

Patients born with an MCC, with or without an associated ACD, attained long-term favorable outcomes in bladder and bowel continence and ambulation.
Subdural hematoma prevalence and long-term developmental outcomes in patients with benign expansion of the subarachnoid spaces
Authors: Holste Katherine G. , Wieland Clare M. , Ibrahim Mohannad , Parmar Hemant A. , Saleh Sara , Garton Hugh J. L. , Maher Cormac O.
Published: February 2022

OBJECTIVE

Benign expansion of the subarachnoid spaces (BESS) is a condition seen in macrocephalic infants. BESS is associated with mild developmental delays which tend to resolve within a few years. It is accepted that patients with BESS are at increased risk of spontaneous subdural hematomas (SDHs), although the exact pathophysiology is not well understood. The prevalence of spontaneous SDH in BESS patients is poorly defined, with only a few large single-center series published. In this study the authors aimed to better define BESS prevalence and developmental outcomes through the longitudinal review of a large cohort of BESS patients.

METHODS

A large retrospective review was performed at a single institution from 1995 to 2020 for patients 2 years of age or younger with a diagnosis of BESS by neurology or neurosurgery and head circumference > 85th percentile. Demographic data, head circumference, presence of developmental delay, occurrence of SDH, and need for surgery were extracted from patient charts. The subarachnoid space (SAS) size was measured from the available MR images, and the sizes of those who did and did not develop SDH were compared.

RESULTS

Free text search revealed BESS mentioned within the medical records of 1410 of 2.6 million patients. After exclusion criteria, 480 patients remained eligible for the study. Thirty-two percent (n = 154) of patients were diagnosed with developmental delay, most commonly gross motor delay (53%). Gross motor delay resolved in 86% of patients at a mean age of 22.2 months. The prevalence of spontaneous SDH in this BESS population over a period of 25 years was 8.1%. There was no significant association between SAS size and SDH formation.

CONCLUSIONS

This study represents results for one of the largest cohorts of patients with BESS at a single institution. Gross motor delay was the most common developmental delay diagnosed, and a majority of patients had resolution of their delay. These data support that children with BESS have a higher prevalence of SDH than the general pediatric population, although SAS size was not significantly associated with SDH development.
Safety and efficacy of aprotinin versus tranexamic acid for reducing absolute blood loss and transfusion in pediatric patients undergoing craniosynostosis surgery: a randomized, double-blind, three-arm controlled trial
Authors: Ebrahim Soltani Zahra , Hanaei Sara , Dabbagh Ohadi Mohammad Amin , Maroufi Seyed Farzad , Tayebi Meybodi Keyvan , Khademi Sima , Yaghmaei Bahareh , Ebrahim Soltani Alireza , Nejat Farideh , Habibi Zohreh
Published: February 2022

OBJECTIVE

Craniosynostosis surgery is associated with considerable blood loss and need for transfusion. Considering the lower estimated blood volume (EBV) of children compared to adults, excessive blood loss may quickly lead to hypovolemic shock. Therefore, reducing blood loss is important in craniosynostosis surgery. This study was conducted to evaluate the efficacy of aprotinin or tranexamic acid (TXA) in blood loss reduction in these patients.

METHODS

In the current randomized controlled trial, 90 eligible pediatric patients with craniosynostosis were randomly divided into three groups to receive either aprotinin, TXA, or no intervention. The absolute blood loss and transfusion amount were assessed for all patients both intraoperatively and 2 and 8 hours postoperatively.

RESULTS

Although crude values of estimated blood loss were not significantly different between groups (p = 0.162), when adjusted to the patient’s weight or EBV, the values reached the significance level (p = 0.018), particularly when the aprotinin group was compared to the control group (p = 0.0154). The EBV losses 2 hours and 8 hours postoperatively significantly dropped in the TXA and aprotinin groups compared to the control group (p = 0.001 and p < 0.001, respectively). Rates of postoperative blood transfusion were significantly higher in the control group (p = 0.024). Hemoglobin and hematocrit 8 hours postoperatively were lower in the control group than in the TXA or aprotinin treatment groups (p < 0.002 and p < 0.001, respectively). There were no serious adverse events associated with the interventions in this study.

CONCLUSIONS

Aprotinin and TXA can reduce blood loss and blood transfusion without serious complications and adverse events in pediatric patients undergoing craniosynostosis surgery.
Treatment-responsive Holmes tremor in a child with low-pressure hydrocephalus: video case report and systematic review of the literature
Authors: Chang Stephano J. , Mitchell Ruth , Hukin Juliette , Singhal Ash
Published: February 2022

OBJECTIVE

Holmes tremor (HT) is a rare and debilitating movement disorder comprising both rest and action tremor, and it is known for its resistance to treatment. Its most common causes include ischemic or hemorrhagic insults and trauma. Mechanistically, the combined rest and action tremor is thought to require a double lesion of both the dopaminergic nigrostriatal system and the dentatorubrothalamic pathways, often near the midbrain where both pathways converge. The aim of this study was to characterize HT as a presenting sign in cases of hydrocephalus and to discuss potential pathomechanisms, clinical presentations, and treatment options.

METHODS

MEDLINE and Web of Science were searched for cases of HT with hydrocephalus from database inception to August 2021, and these were compiled along with the authors’ own unique case of treatment-responsive HT in a child with low-pressure obstructive hydrocephalus secondary to a tectal tumor. Patient characteristics, presenting signs/symptoms, potential precipitating factors, interventions, and patient outcomes were recorded.

RESULTS

Nine patients were identified including the authors’ video case report. All patients had a triventriculomegaly pattern with at least a component of obstructive hydrocephalus, and 4 patients were identified as having low-pressure hydrocephalus. Parinaud’s syndrome and bradykinesia were the most commonly associated signs. Levodopa and CSF diversion were the most commonly used and effective treatments for HT in this population. This review was not registered and did not receive any funding.

CONCLUSIONS

HT is a poorly understood and probably underrecognized presentation of hydrocephalus that is difficult to treat, limiting the strength of the evidence in this review. Treatment options include CSF diversion, antiparkinsonian agents, antiepileptic agents, deep brain stimulation, and MR-guided focused ultrasound, and aim toward the nigrostriatal and dentatorubrothalamic pathways hypothesized to be involved in its pathophysiology.
Features of diagnosis and treatment of certain forms of cold urticaria by the example of clinical cases
Authors:   Republic Clinical Hospital of the Ministry of Health of the Republic of Tatarstan, KLYUCHAROVA A. R.
Published: February 2022

Cold urticaria is a form of chronic induced urticaria, which is characterized by the rapid appearance of wheals and/or angioedema as a result of exposure to cold. The article presents a new classification of cold urticaria, methods of diagnosis and therapy of the disease. It presents two clinical cases of patients with cold local and cold contact urticaria which demonstrate the main problems of diagnosis and treatment of the disease. Provocative test with an ice cube did not allow diagnosing individual atypical forms of cold urticaria; elimination measures significantly limited the daily activity of patients, and reduced the quality of life of the patient. Drug therapy allowed achieving complete control over the disease symptoms in one case only.
Scientific and creative life path of Professor V.E. Anisimov in the Kazan period of activity. To his 95th anniversary
Authors:   Republic Clinical Hospital, ABDULGANIEVA D. I. , BOMBINA L. K. ,   Republic Clinical Hospital, MUKHAMETOVA D. D. ,   Kazan State Medical University, GARAEVA A. R. ,   Kazan State Medical University, KURBANOV A. R. ,   Samara State Medical University
Published: February 2022

The purpose — to present the life and scientific activity of Valentin Efimovich Anisimov, Prorector for scientific work, Head and Professor of the Faculty Therapy Department of Kazan State Medical University. Material and methods. The author carried out research and analytical work with the documents of the National Archive of the Republic of Tatarstan, the Archive and Library of Kazan State Medical University, and materials from the Historical Museum of Kazan Medical State University. Results. The article describes the scientific and creative life of Professor Valentin Efimovich Anisimov, who passed the way from a student activist to the prominent scientist, Prorector for scientific work, Professor and Head of the Faculty Therapy Department of Kazan State Medical Institute and member of the editorial board of Kazan Medical Journal.
Treatment of fractures of the proximal part of radius in children and adolescents
Authors:   Republic Clinical Hospital, ANDREYEV P. S. , TSOY I. V. ,   Republic Clinical Hospital, SKVORTSOV A. P. ,   Republic Clinical Hospital, TALALAYEV R. V. ,   Republic Clinical Hospital, AMAIRI O. N.
Published: February 2022

In children’s traumatology, traumatic epiphysiolyses and osteoepiphysiolyses of the proximal part of radius are among the most widely spread traumas, constituting from 10,7% to 78% [1, 2]. The consequences of lesions of the proximal part of radius are chronic instability, heterotopic ossification (14,3%), early posttraumatic arthritis, contarctures, (62–82%) aseptic necroses of the radius head with trochlea defects, false joints, neuropathies (13%) of radial and cubital nerves, and elbow joint deformations [3, 4]. Material and metods. The authors analyzed treatment of 102 patients with fractures of the proximal part of radius in children and adolescents aged 4–17 treated at Children’s Traumatology and Orthopedic Department. 82 patients underwent closed or open reposition of fractures of the proximal part of radius under general anesthesia. 64 patients with angular deflection of 15 to 60 degrees underwent closed manual reposition of the fracture of the radius neck by N.P. Svinukhov technique. 12 patients with unstable fractures of the proximal part of radius with angular deflection of more than 60 degrees underwent author’s treatment technique. 8 patients underwent open reposition due to unsuccessful conservative treatment.
A clinical case of osteochondritis dissecans in a young football player at the stage of initial training
Authors:   Kazan State Medical University, BORISOVA A. V. , TAKHAVIEVA F. V. ,   Kazan State Medical University, AIDAROV V. I. ,   Republic Clinical Hospital, BIKCHURIN N. M. ,   Kazan State Medical University
Published: February 2022

A clinical case of osteochondritis dissecans of the lateral femoral condyle in a young football player at the stage of initial sports training is presented. The athlete suffered from periodic pain for 3 months, which did not have a clear localization and appeared after physical exertion. Ultrasound of the knee joints was performed with preliminary diagnosis of initial manifestations of ostheochondropathy of the tibia. However, after the treatment with the decrease of pain after physical exertion, the discomfort in the left knee joint appeared again. MRI examination of the left knee joint showed signs of ostheochondral changes. An individual rehabilitation program was developed.
State of neuromotor apparatus of lower extremities in children with Legg-Calve-Perthes disease
Authors:   Kazan (Volga) Federal University, EREMEYEV A. M. , SHULMAN A. A. ,   Republic Clinical Hospital, AKHTYAMOV I. F. ,   Republic Clinical Hospital, SHAYKHUTDINOV I. I. ,   Republic Clinical Hospital, EREMEYEV A. A. ,   Kazan (Volga) Federal University, VANYUKHINA I. A. ,   Kazan (Volga) Federal University
Published: February 2022

With the methods of global and stimulation electromyography, we examined 10 healthy boys aged 7 to 9 y. o. and 10 boys of the same age with a unilateral damage of a hip joint at the III–IV stages of Legg — Calve — Perthes disease. Compared to healthy subjects, all the examined patients had reduced amplitude of the evoked electrical activity of a quadriceps muscle of thigh and a soleus muscle, as well as increased thresholds and reduced maximal amplitude of М— and Н-responses of the soleus muscle. Prolonged epidural analgesia led to the increase of the amplitude of the evoked electrical activity in the soleus muscle only. At the same time, the thresholds of Н-responses of the soleus muscle were reduced and the share of reflexively stimulated motoneurons innervating it increased. Thus, the carried out treatment generally improved the condition of the central link of the neuromotor apparatus.
Clinical pharmacology of antibacterial drugs in Pediatrics
Authors:   Kazan State Medical Academy — Branch Campus of the FSBEI FPE RMACPE MOH Russia, KHAYRUTDINOVA A. G. , KULAGINA L. YU. ,   Kazan State Medical Academy — Branch Campus of the FSBEI FPE RMACPE MOH Russia, VALIULLINA I. R. ,   Republic Clinical Hospital of the Ministry of health of the Republic of Tatarstan
Published: February 2022

Currently, the use of antibacterial drugs is one of the most frequently recommended methods for treating a large number of infectious diseases. However, there are many cases of unjustified antibacterial therapy, errors in the use of antibiotics, irrational combinations, and undesirable drug reactions. And that is why the problem of rational antibiotic therapy remains relevant in modern medicine - the rational use of antibacterial drugs, compliance with strict indications for the use of antibiotics, certain schemes and principles of their use, and the creation of protocols for antibacterial therapy in pediatric practice. The purpose — to present the key issues of clinical pharmacology of antibacterial drugs in Pediatrics. Results. A large number of different microorganisms act as etiological factors of frequent, repeated respiratory diseases. Antibacterial drugs should be prescribed for inflammatory diseases of bacterial etiology and for perioperative prevention. Antibiotics should not be used in the treatment of uncomplicated acute viral respiratory diseases, since they do not have an antiviral effect, do not reduce the temperature, and do not prevent the development of bacterial complications. Conclusion. Thus, today a doctor has a large arsenal of antibacterial drugs and faces a very important task — to use this arsenal rationally. When choosing antibiotics, there are problems associated with the presence of a large number of drugs, the proposed combinations and treatment regimens, polypragmasia, ignorance of modern treatment standards, and a low level of knowledge of clinical pharmacology. In the treatment of life-threatening infections, the cost of the antibiotic should not prevail over the factors of effectiveness and safety.
Prevention and treatment of postpartum complications
Authors:   Republic Clinical Hospital, MINNULLINA F. F. , EGAMBERDIEVA L. D. ,   Kazan State Medical University, MUKHAMETZYANOVA L. M. ,   Republic Clinical Hospital
Published: February 2022

The article presents the results of analysis of 68 cases of patients admitted to the Gynecology Department of the Republic Clinical Hospital in January — October 2019 with postpartum complications. The most common complications were identified, the main methods of diagnosis and treatment were described. Clinical cases are also described with an analysis of the mistakes which had led to postpartum complications. The possible preventive measures are considered.
An Attempt to Shift Commodified Archaeological Practices in Taiwan through Community Engagement
Authors: Bo-Chiao 王柏喬 Wang , Kuo-Feng 鍾國風 Chung , Zorzin Nicolas
Published: February 2022

Archaeological practice in Taiwan, an island located in East-Asia, is deeply influenced by Han Chinese culture and by the implementation of capitalistic approaches to dealing with archaeology that developed thanks to the ideological influence of the United States or the United Kingdom. This article aims to introduce a case study of an experimental approach to public archaeology carried out in Taiwan, which invested substantial effort to being self-reflexive. Since the 1980s, archaeological practice and the preservation of archaeological heritage in Taiwan has been practiced within the framework of contract archaeology. However, although the number of instances of commercial archaeology increased exponentially, the number of trained archaeologists remains scarce. In this context, archaeologists were trapped within an extractivist economic system that only served the interests of developers. Overwhelmed by massive amounts of work, the quality of the archaeological practice inevitably decreased. In reaction, some archaeologists are now seeking an alternative by adopting more reflexive approaches, which include public archaeology and community engagement. This article presents a brief introduction to the development of cultural heritage, archaeology, and public archaeology in Taiwan, followed by a case study from the site of the Old City of Zuoying (zuoying jiucheng, 左營舊城) (Southern Taiwan). By sharing our experiences, we aim to emphasise the significant positive aspects that emerged from a community-based and experimental approach, but at the same time to highlight the difficulties and failures we faced with this approach.
Politics, Migration and Race. A Conversation with Yannis Hamilakis
Authors: Pintucci Alessandro
Published: February 2022

Yannis Hamilakis is Joukowsky Family Professor of Archaeology and Professor of Modern Greek Studies at the Brown University (USA). His main research and teaching interests are the socio-politics of the past, the body and bodily senses, the archaeology of eating and drinking, the ontology and materiality of photography, archaeology and nationalism, archaeological ethnography, and critical pedagogy in archaeology. Yannis is committed to an anthropologically-informed, critical archaeological engagement with past and present material culture, and to the inter-disciplinary nature of archaeological work.  This position recognises the historically contingent nature of archaeology as a device of western modernity, as well as its potential to enable a critical and reflexive experiential encounter with the material world. He also believes on a politically committed archaeological and academic practice, devoted to social justice.
Association of Insulin Receptor Substrate-1 Gene Polymorphism (rs1801278) with Alzheimer’s Disease
Authors: Niyasti Parham , Saberi Alia , Hatamyain Hamidreza , Ajamian Farzam , Ghorbani Shirkouhi Samaneh , Mirzanejad Laleh , Andalib Sasan
Published: February 2022

Background:

Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is the most common form of dementia. AD is also the leading cause of morbidity and mortality due to dementia worldwide. It has been shown that AD is associated with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) and brain insulin resistance. Rs1801278 is a polymorphism in insulin receptor substrate-1 ( IRS-1) gene which changes the amino acid Arg972. This polymorphism has been found to be associated with susceptibility to AD in some populations.

Objective:

In the present study, our aim was to investigate the association of Arg972 IRS-1 (rs1801278) gene polymorphism and late-onset Alzheimer’s disease (LOAD) in an Iranian population.

Methods:

In this case-control study, 150 patients with LOAD and 150 unrelated healthy controls were recruited. Polymerase chain reaction (PCR) was performed to amplify a DNA segment of 263 base-pair (bp) length containing the single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP). The PCR product was then incubated with MvaI restriction enzyme to undergo enzymatic cleavage. Electrophoresis was thereafter carried out using agarose gel and DNA safe stain. The gel was ultimately visualized under a UV trans-illuminator. Allelic and genotypic frequencies were then compared.

Results:

A allele (mutant) of the gene was significantly associated with the risk of AD after adjustment for sex and age ( p = 0.04, adjusted OR:1.77, 95% CI:1.00–3.11). Only AA genotype (mutant homozygote) was significantly associated with the risk of AD after adjustment for sex and age ( p = 0.01, adjusted OR:2.39, 95% CI:1.22–4.66).

Conclusion:

SNP rs1801278 is significantly associated with the risk of developing AD in the studied Iranian population.
GFO: The General Formal Ontology
Authors: Loebe Frank , Burek Patryk , Herre Heinrich
Published: February 2022

The General Formal Ontology (GFO) is a top-level ontology that is being developed at the University of Leipzig since 1999. Besides introducing some of the basic principles of the ontology, we expound axiomatic fragments of its formalization and present ontological models of several use cases. GFO is a top-level ontology that integrates objects and processes into a unified framework, in a way that differs significantly from other ontologies. Another unique selling feature of GFO is its meta-ontological architecture, which includes set theory into ontology and which accounts for its specific role in common representation approaches. The second level of that architecture starts from the distinction of categories and individuals, which forms the backbone of the world’s structure. Furthermore, GFO comprises several kinds of categories, among them universals and concepts, and it considers several ontological regions and levels. In the context of this special issue paper, we study five pre-determined use cases from the perspective of GFO. The results of these analyses yield insights into how the ontology treats several important notions. Very abridged, this covers material objects and their composition; roles and social entities; properties with their relations to objects and processes, and their changing; changes of processes, including a functional perspective; and, eventually, the nature and changing of concepts as well as terminology. A final part summarizes application projects that use GFO in various contexts.
Reduced Dose Intravesical Bacillus Calmette-Guérin: Why It Might Not Matter
Authors: Kamat Ashish M. , Lobo Niyati , Lerner Seth P. , Li Roger , Matulay Justin T. , Palou Joan , Witjes J. Alfred , Rouprêt Morgan , Smith Angela B. , Chang Sam S. , Shore Neal D. , Steinberg Gary D. , Dinney Colin P. , Svatek Robert S. , Lamm Donald L.
Published: February 2022

When it comes to the treatment of patients with non-muscle-invasive bladder cancer (NMIBC) with intravesical bacillus Calmette-Guérin (BCG), two questions must be considered: 1) what dose to give, and 2) for how long? The issue of optimal dose and duration has been the subject of several randomized trials and is especially pertinent in the context of a global BCG shortage. Despite this, there appears to be uncertainty as to whether BCG dose or duration may be compromised in the event of shortage. As such, we wish to summarize the available evidence as an aid to the practicing urologist.
Barriers to Effective Memory Assessments for Alzheimer’s Disease
Authors: Parra Mario A.
Published: February 2022

Recently, Alzheimer’s Disease International (ADI) stressed that around 75% of people living with dementia globally are still not receiving a diagnosis. In this commentary, I reflect on how efforts towards better cognitive assessments, particularly of memory, can be aligned and harmonized to contribute to such needs. I highlight some barriers that ongoing collaborations and trials are facing and their potential drivers. I suggest some strategies that can help overcome them and in so doing, integrate research agendas. We need to ignite the debate towards strategies that can help level the playfield to tackle Alzheimer’s disease with true global solutions.
A Blood Test for Alzheimer’s Disease: It’s about Time or Not Ready for Prime Time?
Authors: Galasko Douglas R. ,   and for the Symptomatic Subcommittee of the Advisory Group on Risk Evidence Education for Dementia (AGREEDementia), Grill Joshua D. , Lingler Jennifer H. , Heidebrink Judith L.
Published: February 2022

A blood test for Alzheimer’s disease is now available for clinical use in persons with cognitive impairment. This is an extraordinary milestone, though the amyloid-based PrecivityAD™ test is not without limitations. Pre and post-test counseling are essential. Phosphorylated tau blood tests are likely to follow soon. When used in conjunction with an appropriate clinical evaluation, blood tests provide the opportunity for an early, accurate, and accessible diagnosis of Alzheimer’s disease. Standalone use, however, carries a significant risk of misinterpretation and is strongly discouraged. Now is the time to develop appropriate use criteria to guide the use of these promising assays.
Interaction Between Diet and Microbiota in the Pathophysiology of Alzheimer’s Disease: Focus on Polyphenols and Dietary Fibers
Authors: Ticinesi Andrea , Mancabelli Leonardo , Carnevali Luca , Nouvenne Antonio , Meschi Tiziana , Del Rio Daniele , Ventura Marco , Sgoifo Andrea , Angelino Donato
Published: February 2022

Animal studies increasingly indicate that the gut microbiota composition and function can be involved in the pathophysiology and progression of Alzheimer’s disease (AD) at multiple levels. However, few studies have investigated this putative gut-brain axis in human beings, and none of them considered diet as a determinant of intestinal microbiota composition. Epidemiological studies highlight that a high intake of fruit and vegetables, such as that typical of the Mediterranean diet, can modulate AD progression. Thus, nutritional interventions are being increasingly studied as a possible non-pharmacological strategy to slow down the progression of AD. In particular, polyphenols and fibers represent the nutritional compounds with the higher potential of counterbalancing the pathophysiological mechanisms of dementia due to their antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and anti-apoptotic properties. These actions are mediated by the gut microbiota, that can transform polyphenols and fibers into biologically active compounds including, among others, phenyl-γ-valerolactones, urolithins, butyrate, and other short-chain fatty acids. In this review, the complex mechanisms linking nutrition, gut microbiota composition, and pathophysiology of cognitive decline in AD are discussed, with a particular focus on the role of polyphenols and fibers. The gaps between pre-clinical and clinical studies are particularly emphasized, as well as the urgent need for studies comprehensively evaluating the link between nutrition, microbiome, and clinical aspects of AD.
Properties of the dispersive double bent crystal monochromator setting with a multicrystal sandwich at the place of the second axis
Authors: Mikula Pavol , Šaroun Jan , Strunz Pavel , Ryukhtin Vasyl
Published: February 2022

In this paper, some luminosity, focusing and resolution properties of a double-crystal (n,-m) dispersive setting which contains a bent perfect Si(111) crystal as a first one and a sandwich consisting of four different bent perfect crystals (BPC) Si(220), Si(400), Ge(111) and Ge(311) located at the second axis, is introduced with the aim of possible use in high-resolution diffractometry. The properties were investigated at a neutron wavelength of 0.162 nm. It was shown that a narrow and highly collimated and high-resolution monochromatic beam can be obtained. By using a standard polycrystalline pin of α-Fe, the resolution of the three-axis diffraction performance, namely, in the vicinity of the scattering angle [Formula: see text] was tested in detail. It has been found that the dispersive double-crystal (DC) setting represents a high-resolution monochromator alternative, e.g. in powder diffraction which could be used at high-flux neutron sources.