bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Análise do nível de desenvolvimento da linguagem em crianças abrigadas
Authors: Nóbrega Juliana Das Neves , Minervino Carla Alexandra Da Silva Moita
Published: November 2017

A linguagem é uma das principais formas do ser humano estabelecer relações no mundo, ela se configura como uma função cortico-cerebral que é desenvolvida com as influências do meio ambiente e os estímulos fornecidos. A aquisição da linguagem ocorre por etapas que vão sendo atingidas à medida que a criança cresce. Conforme a literatura atual, as crianças que têm um ambiente facilitador, contato com a família e com pessoas que conversam e estimulam suas capacidades, possuem mais probabilidade de desenvolver facilmente a linguagem. No contexto das crianças abrigadas o ambiente apresenta-se não favorecedor, sem estímulos, sendo o contato das crianças com outros contextos praticamente nulo. Este estudo teve como objetivo analisar o desenvolvimento da linguagem em crianças abrigadas, para tanto foram observadas 32 crianças de creches e abrigos. Para a análise foi utilizada a escala de características para aquisição da linguagem, que visa a identificar se as características linguísticas apresentadasm pelas crianças condizem com o esperado para sua idade. Os resultados observados apontam poucas habilidades linguísticas em bebês abrigados ao comparar com as habilidades dos que passam o dia na creche.
Atuação do psicólogo escolar na rede pública de ensino: Concepções e práticas
Authors: Galdino de Medeiros Lucilaide , Aquino Fabíola De Sousa Braz
Published: November 2017

A escola é um dos campos de reflexão e intervenção do psicólogo escolar. A construção de pesquisas e reflexões sobre esse campo de atuação parece importante, necessariamente, pela contribuição ao debate estabelecido entre psicologia e educação, e por permitir revelar contribuições para consolidar a atuação profissional nesse contexto da instituição escolar. O presente estudo buscou conhecer e discutir a atuação de psicólogos em escolas públicas da cidade de Campina Grande, PB. Os dados foram coletados por meio de uma entrevista semiestruturada aplicada a sete psicólogos escolares. Os resultados demonstraram que os psicólogos concebem suas atividades como diversificadas, envolvendo alunos, professores e família.No entanto, vale destacar a desarticulação existente entre teoria e prática profissional, o que pode ser observado no distanciamento entre o que os psicólogos relatam como sendo seu papel e a sua prática profissional. O trabalho interdisciplinar foi destacado pelos psicólogos como importante para a prática profissional. Por outro lado, foram mencionadas dificuldades para a prática do psicólogo, tais como a de se fazer reconhecer pela comunidade escolar como detentor de contribuições relevantes para agir comomediador do processo educativo. Entende-se que essas contribuições somente poderão ser percebidas à medida que os profissionais conhecerem melhor suas possibilidades de atuação para intervir na comunidade escolar e ressignificar sua atuação profissional. Faz-se necessária ainda uma atuação contextualizada, na qual a psicologia possa mostrar suas contribuições no campo educativo.
Análise qualitativa da concepção de professores sobre informática na educação
Authors: Vicente Renata , Sizino da Victoria Mara , Benevides Soares Adriana
Published: November 2017

Este trabalho buscou fazer uma análise das concepções de 35 professores de 5ª a 8ª série, no Rio de Janeiro, sobre a informática na educação. A informática vem adquirindo cada vez mais relevância no cenário educacional. Sua utilização como instrumento de aprendizagem e sua ação no meio social vêm aumentando de forma rápida, fazendo a educação passar por mudanças estruturais e funcionais diante dessa nova tecnologia. Por isso, este artigo objetivou, por meio de um instrumento contendo quatro perguntas, fazer uma análise qualitativa do que os professores entendem por informática na educação, quais suas teorias implícitas sobre o processo de aprendizagem dos alunos e a utilização de software educacionais. A análise demonstrou que a maioria dos professores tem uma opinião positiva em relação à inserção da informática na educação, acreditando que ela pode melhorar o processo de aprendizagem, atuando diretamente no desenvolvimento de habilidades cognitivas e no processo motivacional.
Que voz de criança fala no narcotráfico?
Authors: Ribeiro Patti Ane , Sousa Romão Lucília Maria
Published: November 2017

Neste trabalho, partimos de um acontecimento escrito – uma dissertação de mestrado – para fazer circular algumas ideias trabalhadas neste pequeno advento de discurso. Selecionamos um capítulo em que investigamos as condições de produção do narcotráfico no país, analisando, à luz da teoria discursiva de Michel Pêcheux (análise do discurso) e da psicanálise de releitura lacaniana, como são/foram produzidos e sustentados sentidos de vida e morte pelos sujeitos-criança inseridos nas tramas do tráfico de drogas. Também focamos a heterogeneidade do ser-criança subjetivado nessa formação discursiva própria ao capitalismo. Nosso corpus, constituído por recortes de dados midiáticos (documentário) e científicos (livros e estudos) sobre o tema, aponta para a tensão de efeitos de trabalho no âmbito de algo que (a)firma o sujeito em uma relação imaginária de evidência com seus dizeres, escamoteando outras possibilidades de vir-a-ser. Esses efeitos de evidência são descritos pela análise de discurso como resultantes de uma operação ideológica que naturaliza os sentidos, a ponto de ser naturalizado o paradoxo do “ser criança” – um ser filiado aos sentidos característicos do que identificamos que é ser criança. Ao mesmo tempo, são produzidos sentidos de criança que, ao ocupar lugares sociais e funções que estão em oposição ao que é “esperado” de acordo com as leis e estatutos, causam um furo nos sentidos históricos construídos e inscritos socialmente – é essa a condição que caracteriza a criança que convive/trabalha para o narcotrá- fico, consome drogas e se consome.
Para desarticular os estratos dominantes do organismo, da significância e da subjetivação
Authors: Martins Rodrigues Juliana , Peixoto Júnior Carlos Augusto
Published: November 2017

O presente artigo tem como objetivo abordar os três principais estratos a que estamos mais diretamente submetidos em nossa cultura, a saber: o organismo, a significância e a subjetivação, tais como definidos por Deleuze e Guattari em Mil Platôs. Os autores indicam que é preciso deslocar a ênfase desse conjunto de estratos molares para um novo foco: ao invés do sujeito fixado a representações transcendentes, que deve ser intérprete e é interpretado com seus “significados secretos”, e que vê seu corpo submetido a se apresentar como um organismo organizado de acordo com modelos normatizados, devemos nos voltar para a vida e seu processo de atualização, que não pode ficar restrito a limites tão estreitos e estanques. Pretende-se apontar a forma como a psicanálise mais tradicional participa mais de uma política de limitação do que de libertação de tais estratos, ao vincular o inconsciente à necessidade da interpretação e ao acorrentar a tradução do desejo às estruturas do Édipo e da castração, desconsiderando, assim, a singularidade das experiências existenciais e a multiplicidade de sentidos que elas podem ter. Por meio da análise da desarticulação dos estratos proposta pelos autores, poderão ser percebidas novas possibilidades, mapas e percursos desidentificados, encontrados, por exemplo, no discurso das crianças, em que se pode notar que o transcendente é substituído pelo transcendental.
“Casados para sempre”: Casamento e família na concepção de casais evangélicos neopentecostais
Authors: Ranzani Ciscon-Evangelista Mariane , Meira Menandro Paulo Rogério
Published: November 2017

Opções religiosas podem se traduzir em transformações comportamentais e conceituais em todas as esferas da vida de quem as faz. Pode resultar daí a redefinição de aspectos da identidade social, em decorrência da filiação a um novo grupo. Os relacionamentos interpessoais, especialmente com o cônjuge e com os filhos, também podem passar a ser vividos com mudanças expressivas. Conhecer, descrever e analisar concepções e práticas relativas aos temas inter-relacionados da vida conjugal, constituição de família e projeto de vida de casais pertencentes a um grupo evangélico neopentecostal, bem como a compreensão do processo de formação identitária implicado, foi o objetivo do presente trabalho. Foram entrevistados, por meio de roteiro semiestruturado, dez casais com participação ativa em uma igreja evangélica neopentecostal, casados entre um e dez anos, com ou sem filhos. Eles responderam perguntas sobre seu envolvimento com o grupo religioso, seu relacionamento conjugal e com os filhos, e seus planos para o futuro. Os dados foram submetidos a procedimento de análise de conteúdo, organizados por meio do software QSR. A opção por um novo grupo religioso acarretou mudanças em termos de identidade social que influenciaram concepções e práticas dos participantes em relação às pessoas com as quais convivem, especialmente com cônjuges e filhos. O relacionamento conjugal passou a ser compreendido e vivido como indissolúvel, com o que aumentou a disposição para administrar conflitos, perdoar, e renunciar a determinadas ações e concepções em benefício da relação. Constatou-se que papéis tradicionais de gênero estão presentes na realidade dos casais, em aparente processo de transformação para alguns deles.
Violência contra a criança
Authors: Rech Godinho Lucia Belina , Röhnelt Ramires Vera Regina
Published: November 2017

O objetivo do presente estudo é contribuir para a compreensão da violência no ambiente familiar, especificamente no que diz respeito à infância, constituindo-se como uma revisão teórica sobre o tema. Com base numa consulta realizada a livros e artigos, discute-se a violência contra a criança através da história e a proteção dos seus direitos. Aborda-se a aplicação de medidas disciplinares ao longo do tempo, bem como a compreensão acerca das atitudes relacionadas ao que pode ser denominado hoje como maus-tratos e violência contra a criança. A infância nem sempre foi compreendida da forma como a vemos hoje. Os castigos, as humilhações e até mesmo o assassinato de crianças foram tolerados por longos períodos na história. Os pais parecem ter tido soberanamente o poder de vida e morte sobre seus filhos. As mudanças em relação a essa perspectiva ocorreram principalmente nos dois últimos séculos. A partir de então, progressivamente, o relacionamento entre pais e filhos passou a ser permeado por atitudes mais afetivas, iniciando assim significativas mudanças que coincidiram com o estudo científico da infância. Observou-se importante evolução no âmbito do Direito, no sentido de proteger os direitos da criança, que passaram a ser reconhecidos. Constata-se, no entanto, que apesar de todas as medidas no sentido de proteção e garantia dos direitos, a violência contra a infância continua ocorrendo na realidade contemporânea.
Psicoterapias comportamentais no tratamento da depressão
Authors: Cardoso Luciana Roberta Donola
Published: November 2017

A depressão é um dos transtornos psiquiátricos mais prevalentes no mundo. Estima-se que 5% da população tem depressão. Tratamentos farmacológicos somados as psicoterapias têm mostrado resultados eficientes no tratamento da depressão. As psicoterapias comportamentais têm sido utilizadas no tratamento dessa patologia. Resultados como redução dos sintomas, aumento no repertório social e melhora nas relações sociais têm sido frequentemente associados a essas intervenções. O presente estudo bibliográfico objetivou descrever as intervenções comportamentais e suas aplicações no tratamento da depressão. As psicoterapias comportamentais aplicadas no tratamento da depressão encontradas na literatura foram: terapia comportamental ou analítico-comportamental; terapia da aceitação e compromisso; psicoterapia analítico funcional; ativação comportamental e terapia cognitivo-comportamental. De acordo com esta literatura, o indivíduo com depressão tende a apresentar redução na frequência de comportamentos reforçados positivamente (atividades prazerosas) e aumento, concomitante, de comportamentos de fuga e esquiva de situações aversivas. Parece que perda de reforçadores positivos e aumento de estímulos aversivos, bem como, dificuldade em lidar com situações-problema favoreceriam o desenvolvimento da depressão. O tratamento da depressão envolveria discriminação dos estímulos mantenedores desse transtorno, instalação e manutenção de comportamentos incompatíveis com os sintomas (queixa do cliente),aumento e/ou instalação de habilidades sociais, e aumento de atividades prazerosas. Um olhar global sobre esse fenômeno permite que o terapeuta identifique os déficits comportamentais que o indivíduoapresenta. Assim, modificar comportamentos e pensamentos parece ser importante quando se pretende tratar a depressão. As terapias “da aceitação e compromisso” e “ativação comportamental” apresentaramresultados significativos na prevenção do reaparecimento dos sintomas em longo prazo.
Assédio moral e a violência inata: Contribuições freudianas aos estudos das organizações
Authors: Narciso de Barros Amon , Riente de Andrade Carolina
Published: November 2017

O presente ensaio teórico pretende contribuir com a reflexão sobre o assédio moral nas organizações produtivas, compreendendo-o como uma questão estrutural das relações de trabalho. Defende-se aqui que a violência no trabalho é fruto de afinidades eletivas entre a conjuntura específica da sociedade contemporânea e as demandas pulsionais dos sujeitos, vinculadas à pulsão de morte, que encontram vazão em demandas da vida hodierna, principalmente, na busca constante pela melhoria da performance. Assim, buscar-se-á discorrer sobre a violência inata dos seres humanos, postulada por Freud em vários de seus textos, objetivando apontar para outras possibilidades de interpretação do fenômeno. Como considerações finais, defende-se que apenas quando o indivíduo tiver possibilidades de sublimação real em seu trabalho e em seus momentos de lazer é que será possível escapar, não completamente, contudo, dos efeitos negativos da pulsão de destruição no ambiente de trabalho.
Immunoproteasome functions explained by divergence in cleavage specificity and regulation
Authors: Winter Michael B , La Greca Florencia , Arastu-Kapur Shirin , Caiazza Francesco , Cimermancic Peter , Buchholz Tonia J , Anderl Janet L , Ravalin Matthew , Bohn Markus F , Sali Andrej , O'Donoghue Anthony J , Craik Charles S
Published: November 2017

The immunoproteasome (iP) has been proposed to perform specialized roles in MHC class I antigen presentation, cytokine modulation, and T cell differentiation and has emerged as a promising therapeutic target for autoimmune disorders and cancer. However, divergence in function between the iP and the constitutive proteasome (cP) has been unclear. A global peptide library-based screening strategy revealed that the proteasomes have overlapping but distinct substrate specificities. Differing iP specificity alters the quantity of production of certain MHC I epitopes but does not appear to be preferentially suited for antigen presentation. Furthermore, iP specificity was found to have likely arisen through genetic drift from the ancestral cP. Specificity differences were exploited to develop isoform-selective substrates. Cellular profiling using these substrates revealed that divergence in regulation of the iP balances its relative contribution to proteasome capacity in immune cells, resulting in selective recovery from inhibition. These findings have implications for iP-targeted therapeutic development.
Sequestration and activation of plant toxins protect the western corn rootworm from enemies at multiple trophic levels
Authors: Robert Christelle AM , Zhang Xi , Machado Ricardo AR , Schirmer Stefanie , Lori Martina , Mateo Pierre , Erb Matthias , Gershenzon Jonathan
Published: November 2017

Highly adapted herbivores can phenocopy two-component systems by stabilizing, sequestering and reactivating plant toxins. However, whether these traits protect herbivores against their enemies is poorly understood. We demonstrate that the western corn rootworm Diabrotica virgifera virgifera, the most damaging maize pest on the planet, specifically accumulates the root-derived benzoxazinoid glucosides HDMBOA-Glc and MBOA-Glc. MBOA-Glc is produced by D. virgifera through stabilization of the benzoxazinoid breakdown product MBOA by N-glycosylation. The larvae can hydrolyze HDMBOA-Glc, but not MBOA-Glc, to produce toxic MBOA upon predator attack. Accumulation of benzoxazinoids renders D. virgifera highly resistant to nematodes which inject and feed on entomopathogenic symbiotic bacteria. While HDMBOA-Glc and MBOA reduce the growth and infectivity of both the nematodes and the bacteria, MBOA-Glc repels infective juvenile nematodes. Our results illustrate how herbivores combine stabilized and reactivated plant toxins to defend themselves against a deadly symbiosis between the third and the fourth trophic level enemies.
CRIg, a tissue-resident macrophage specific immune checkpoint molecule, promotes immunological tolerance in NOD mice, via a dual role in effector and regulatory T cells
Authors: Yuan Xiaomei , Yang Bi-Huei , Dong Yi , Yamamura Asami , Fu Wenxian
Published: November 2017

How tissue-resident macrophages (TRM) impact adaptive immune responses remains poorly understood. We report novel mechanisms by which TRMs regulate T cell activities at tissue sites. These mechanisms are mediated by the complement receptor of immunoglobulin family (CRIg). Using animal models for autoimmune type 1 diabetes (T1D), we found that CRIg+ TRMs formed a protective barrier surrounding pancreatic islets. Genetic ablation of CRIg exacerbated islet inflammation and local T cell activation. CRIg exhibited a dual function of attenuating early T cell activation and promoting the differentiation of Foxp3+ regulatory (Treg) cells. More importantly, CRIg stabilized the expression of Foxp3 in Treg cells, by enhancing their responsiveness to interleukin-2. The expression of CRIg in TRMs was postnatally regulated by gut microbial signals and metabolites. Thus, environmental cues instruct TRMs to express CRIg, which functions as an immune checkpoint molecule to regulate adaptive immunity and promote immune tolerance.
Forelimb muscle and joint actions in Archosauria: insights fromCrocodylus johnstoni(Pseudosuchia) andMussaurus patagonicus(Sauropodomorpha)
Authors: Otero Alejandro , Allen Vivian , Pol Diego , Hutchinson John R.
Published: November 2017

Many of the major locomotor transitions during the evolution of Archosauria, the lineage including crocodiles and birds as well as extinct Dinosauria, were shifts from quadrupedalism to bipedalism (and vice versa). Those occurred within a continuum between more sprawling and erect modes of locomotion and involved drastic changes of limb anatomy and function in several lineages, including sauropodomorph dinosaurs. We present biomechanical computer models of two locomotor extremes within Archosauria in an analysis of joint ranges of motion and the moment arms of the major forelimb muscles in order to quantify biomechanical differences between more sprawling, pseudosuchian (represented the crocodileCrocodylus johnstoni) and more erect, dinosaurian (represented by the sauropodomorphMussaurus patagonicus) modes of forelimb function. We compare these two locomotor extremes in terms of the reconstructed musculoskeletal anatomy, ranges of motion of the forelimb joints and the moment arm patterns of muscles across those ranges of joint motion. We reconstructed the three-dimensional paths of 30 muscles acting around the shoulder, elbow and wrist joints. We explicitly evaluate how forelimb joint mobility and muscle actions may have changed with postural and anatomical alterations from basal archosaurs to early sauropodomorphs. We thus evaluate in which ways forelimb posture was correlated with muscle leverage, and how such differences fit into a broader evolutionary context (i.e. transition from sprawling quadrupedalism to erect bipedalism and then shifting to graviportal quadrupedalism). Our analysis reveals major differences of muscle actions between the more sprawling and erect models at the shoulder joint. These differences are related not only to the articular surfaces but also to the orientation of the scapula, in which extension/flexion movements inCrocodylus(e.g. protraction of the humerus) correspond to elevation/depression inMussaurus. Muscle action is highly influenced by limb posture, more so than morphology. Habitual quadrupedalism inMussaurusis not supported by our analysis of joint range of motion, which indicates that glenohumeral protraction was severely restricted. Additionally, some active pronation of the manus may have been possible inMussaurus, allowing semi-pronation by a rearranging of the whole antebrachium (not the radius against the ulna, as previously thought) via long-axis rotation at the elbow joint. However, the muscles acting around this joint to actively pronate it may have been too weak to drive or maintain such orientations as opposed to a neutral position in between pronation and supination. Regardless, the origin of quadrupedalism in Sauropoda is not only linked to manus pronation but also to multiple shifts of forelimb morphology, allowing greater flexion movements of the glenohumeral joint and a more columnar forelimb posture.
Global Centroid Distribution of Magnetized Layer From World Digital Magnetic Anomaly Map
Authors: Tanaka Akiko
Published: November 2017

Global distribution of the centroid of magnetic layer, Zo, was estimated from spectral analysis of aeromagnetic and marine magnetic anomalies using recently released new global digital magnetic anomaly data, World Digital Magnetic Anomaly Map (WDMAM) version 2.0. Zo distribution provides a comprehensive view of regional‐scale trends of lithospheric thickness; Zo is generally shallower in oceanic ridges and deeper older continents, which is consistent with previous works. Zo is closely related to reasonable average thermal regime, and its correspondence with tectonic regime indicates that Zo is useful to delineate regional crustal thermal structure. It is expected that Zo combined with multidisciplinary data should help to infer geophysical and geological information in less explored regions.
The clinical value of miR‐193a‐3p in non‐small cell lung cancer and its potential molecular mechanism explored in silico using RNA‐sequencing and microarray data
Authors: Gao Xiang , Tang Rui‐xue , Xie Qiong‐ni , Lin Jia‐ying , Shi Hong‐lan , Chen Gang , Li Zu‐yun
Published: November 2017

miR‐193a‐3p is a tumor‐related miRNA playing an essential role in tumorigenesis and progression of non‐small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). The objective of the present study was to investigate the relationship between miR‐193a‐3p expression and clinical value and to further explore the potential signaling of miR‐193a‐3p in the carcinogenesis of NSCLC. RNA‐sequencing and microarray data were collected from the databases GEO, ArrayExpress and The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA). Furthermore, in silico assessments were performed to analyze the prospective pathways and networks of the target genes of miR‐193a‐3p. In total, 453 cases of NSCLC patients and 476 normal controls were included in blood samples, while 920 cases of NSCLC patients and 406 normal controls were included in tissue samples. The pooled positive likelihood ratio, the pooled negative likelihood ratio and the pooled diagnostic odds ratio were calculated to reflect the diagnostic value of miR‐193a‐3p in blood and tissue samples. Moreover, the areas under the curve of the summary receiver operating characteristic curve of blood and tissue were 0.64 and 0.79, respectively. In addition, we found a lower level of miR‐193a in NSCLC tissues than in non‐cancerous controls based on TCGA. A gene ontology (GO) enrichment analysis demonstrated that miR‐193a‐3p could be related to key signaling pathways in NSCLC. Also, several vital pathways were illustrated by KEGG. Lower expression of miR‐193a‐3p in tissue samples of NSCLC may be associated with tumorigenesis and be a predictor of deterioration of NSCLC patients, and pathway analysis revealed crucial signaling pathways correlated with the incidence and progress of NSCLC.
Diagnostic Potential of Neural Exosome Cargo as Biomarkers for Acute Brain Injury
Authors: Goetzl Laura , Merabova Nana , Darbinian Nune , Martirosyan Diana , Poletto Erica , Fugarolas Keri , Menkiti Ogechukwu
Published: November 2017

Objective

Neuronal exosomes purified from peripheral blood samples have been proposed as diagnostic tool in the setting of acute brain injury but never tested clinically. We hypothesized that exosome protein biomarkers would change over time following acute hypoxic brain injury and would predict response to therapy.

Methods

Synaptopodin (SYNPO), an actin‐associated protein present in postsynaptic spines, was evaluated as a potential biomarker as well as: synaptophysin, neuron‐specific enolase, and mitochondrial cytochrome c oxidase. A secondary analysis was performed on neonatal samples collected at 8, 10, and 14 h after the initiation of therapeutic‐controlled hypothermia for acute hypoxic–ischemic encephalopathy (n = 14). Neuronal exosomes were purified from serum and protein levels were quantified using standard ELISA methods. The primary study outcomes were length of stay (LOS), discharge on seizure medication (DCMED), and composite neuroimaging score (NIS).

Results

The slope of change in neuronal exosome SYNPO between 8 and 14 h appeared to be the most promising biomarker for all three clinical study outcomes. SYNPO was highly correlated with LOS (−0.91, P < 0.001). SYNPO increased in 6/8 without DCMED and was worse or neutral in 5/5 with DCMED (P = 0.02). All four neonates with an abnormal NIS had neutral or decreasing SYNPO (P = 0.055). Other candidate biomarkers were not associated with outcomes.

Interpretation

This report provides the first clinical evidence that neural exosomes turn over rapidly enough in the peripheral circulation to be used as a “troponin‐like” test following acute brain injury. Optimal sampling and biomarkers likely vary with type of brain injury.
Brilliant Pitaya‐Type Silica Colloids with Central–Radial and High‐Density Quantum Dots Incorporation for Ultrasensitive Fluorescence Immunoassays
Authors: Huang Liang , Liao Tao , Wang Jing , Ao Lijiao , Su Wu , Hu Jun
Published: November 2017

Creating secondary nanostructures from fundamental building blocks with simultaneous high loading capacity and well‐controlled size/uniformity, is highly desired for nanoscale synergism and integration of functional units. Here a novel strategy is reported for hydrophobic quantum dots (QDs) assembley with porous templates, to form pitaya‐type fluorescent silica colloids with densely packed and intact QDs throughout the silica matrix. The mercapto‐terminated dendritic silica spheres with highly accessible central–radial pores and metal‐affinity interior surface, are adopted as a powerful absorbent host for direct immobilization of QDs from organic phase with high loading capacity. The alkylsilane mediated silica encapsulation prevents QDs' optical degradation induced by ligand exchange and favors the homogeneous silica shell formation. These multiple QD embedded silica spheres exhibit good compatibility for different colored QDs with well‐preserved fluorescence, high colloidal/optical stability, and versatile surface functionality. It is demonstrated that after integration with a lateral flow strip platform, these silica colloids provide an ultrasensitive, specific, and robust immunoassay for C‐reaction protein in clinical samples as promising fluorescent reporters.
Organocatalytic Enantioselective Functionalization of Hydroxyquinolines through an Aza‐Friedel‐Crafts Alkylation with Isatin‐derived Ketimines
Authors: Vila Carlos , Rendón‐Patiño Alejandra , Montesinos‐Magraner Marc , Blay Gonzalo , Muñoz M. Carmen , Pedro José R.
Published: November 2017

A highly enantioselective addition of hydroxyquinolines to isatin‐derived ketimines has been realized using a quinine‐derived thiourea organocatalyst. The reaction affords chiral 3‐amino‐2‐oxindoles bearing a quinoline moiety with a quaternary stereocenter in high yields (up to 98%) and excellent enantioselectivities (up to 99%). Moreover, we can extend this methodology for the enantioselective functionalization of 5‐hydroxyisoquinoline. This methodology represents, to the best of our knowledge, the first enantioselective addition of hydroxyquinolines to imines.

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Numerical and experimental evaluation of heat transfer in helically corrugated tubes
Authors: Van Cauwenberge David J. , Dedeyne Jens N. , Van Geem Kevin M. , Marin Guy B. , Floré Jens
Published: November 2017

The enhancement of convective heat transfer in single‐phase heat transfer through the use of helicoidally corrugated tubes has been studied numerically. By comparing the large eddy simulation (LES) results with detailed Stereo‐PIV and Liquid Crystal Thermography measurements obtained at the von Karman Institute for Fluid Dynamics (VKI), a validated numerical framework was obtained. Heat transfer enhancements of 83–119% were seen, at the cost of pressure losses that were approximately 5.6 to 6.7 times higher than for a bare tube. To extrapolate the results to industrial Reynolds numbers at which experimental data is scarce, the simulation data was used to develop an improved near‐wall Reynolds stress transport model (RSTM) that more accurately describes the heat flux vector. Comparison of both global and local flow characteristics at different Reynolds numbers confirms that the approach allows more accurate predictions over a wider range of design and operating parameters than using two‐equation turbulence models, while the computational cost is still significantly lower than LES. © 2017 American Institute of Chemical Engineers AIChE J, 64: 1702–1713, 2018
An innovative unit operation of particle separation/classification by irradiating low‐frequency ultrasound into water
Authors: Muramatsu Hiroya , Saito Takayuki
Published: November 2017

By irradiating kHz‐band ultrasound, submillimeter‐ or millimeter‐size particles that were dispersed in water with dissolved gases flocculated into a spherically flocculated particle swarm (SFPS). Acoustic cavitation‐oriented bubbles caused by the irradiation played essential roles in the formation of the SFPS. Unprecedented and promising phenomena were observed: the particles were separated based on their diameters through the precise control of the ultrasound irradiation, and the SFPS was easily manipulated using a motion‐controlled stick. The relationship between the sound‐pressure profiles and the manipulable range of the SFPS is discussed; that is, the effectively manipulable range was limited by the sound‐pressure profile. By means of manipulation control, we demonstrate the particle classification by particle diameters. On the basis of these findings, an example of a practical application of this technique is proposed. © 2017 American Institute of Chemical Engineers AIChE J, 64: 1564–1572, 2018
Mutant huntingtin protein expression and blood–spinal cord barrier dysfunction in huntington disease
Authors: Sciacca Giacomo , Cicchetti Francesca
Published: November 2017

Objective

The aim of the study was to assess the distribution, frequency, and specific location of mutant huntingtin protein (mHTT) aggregates‐the pathological hallmark of Huntington disease (HD)‐within the various compartments of the spinal cord and their potential impact on the local vasculature and blood–spinal cord barrier (BSCB).

Methods

We performed a series of postmortem immunohistochemical and immunofluorescent stainings, as well as Western blot analyses, on cervical and lumbar sections of the spinal cord in patients diagnosed with HD (n = 11 of all grades of disease severity) along with sex‐ and age‐matched healthy controls (n = 9).

Results

We observed that mHTT was preferably expressed within the anterior horn of the gray matter, in both cervical and lumbar sections. At the cellular level, mHTT aggregates were more often encountered in the extracellular matrix but could also be observed within cell bodies and neurites as well as within the endothelium of blood vessels with an increase in the density of small blood vessels in cervical sections of HD cases. These vasculature changes were accompanied with features of BSCB leakage, as assessed by the presence of increased levels of fibrinogen in the surrounding parenchyma and enhanced leukocyte infiltration.

Interpretation

This alteration in BSCB integrity may be explained, in part, by the dysregulation we found in some of the main proteins associated with it such as junctional adhesion molecule‐1 and vascular endothelial cadherin. These observations have important implications for our understanding of HD pathology and may also have significant therapeutic implications. Ann Neurol 2017;82:981–994
Design of a Dividing‐Wall Column Considering its Multiple Steady State Characteristic
Authors: Song Erwei , Wang Erqiang
Published: November 2017

A dividing‐wall column (DWC) may have more than one solution of liquid and vapor split ratio for the same feed and product streams under a fixed number of stages and reflux ratio, so the multiple steady states (MSS) of a DWC in the design stage should be considered. An improved design method of a DWC is proposed by studying its MSS characteristics. Additional steps are inserted after optimization to check if MSS exist for the obtained optimal solution of vapor and liquid split ratio, and further to select the best candidate. Finally, two cases of three‐product DWCs are described to verify this method. The results indicate that multiple solutions exist for these cases, which confirm the necessity of this method and provide an important guidance for the flowing design of a DWC.
The Evolution and Future of CAR T Cells for B‐Cell Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia
Authors: Annesley Colleen E. , Summers Corinne , Ceppi Francesco , Gardner Rebecca A.
Published: November 2017

Several CAR T designs with CD19 specificity have been associated with consistent responses in clinical trials with complete remission (CR) rates ranging from 70–90%. Relevant challenges remain to be addressed, such as production time, early loss of CAR T cells, relapse due to loss of the target antigen, and prevention of severe cytokine release syndrome and neurotoxicity. This review describes constructs, clinical trial results, side effects, and future direction of CAR T‐cell therapy in B‐ALL.
Stochastic phenotype switching leads to intratumor heterogeneity in human liver cancer
Authors: Matak Andrija , Lahiri Pooja , Ford Ethan , Pabst Daniela , Kashofer Karl , Stellas Dimitris , Thanos Dimitris , Zatloukal Kurt
Published: November 2017

Intratumor heterogeneity is increasingly recognized as a major factor impacting diagnosis and personalized treatment of cancer. We characterized stochastic phenotype switching as a mechanism contributing to intratumor heterogeneity and malignant potential of liver cancer. Clonal analysis of primary tumor cell cultures of a human sarcomatoid cholangiocarcinoma identified different types of self‐propagating subclones characterized by stable (keratin‐7‐positive or keratin‐7‐negative) phenotypes and an unstable phenotype consisting of mixtures of keratin‐7‐positive and keratin‐7‐negative cells, which lack stem cell features but may reversibly switch their phenotypes. Transcriptome sequencing and immunohistochemical studies with the markers Zeb1 and CD146/MCAM demonstrated that switching between phenotypes is linked to changes in gene expression related but not identical to epithelial–mesenchymal transition. Stochastic phenotype switching occurred during mitosis and did not correlate with changes in DNA methylation. Xenotransplantation assays with different cellular subclones demonstrated increased tumorigenicity of cells showing phenotype switching, resulting in tumors morphologically resembling the invasive component of primary tumor and metastasis. Conclusion. Our data demonstrate that stochastic phenotype switching contributes to intratumor heterogeneity and that cells with a switching phenotype have increased malignant potential. (Hepatology 2017).
Hypoxia‐inducible factor‐1α/interleukin‐1β signaling enhances hepatoma epithelial–mesenchymal transition through macrophages in a hypoxic‐inflammatory microenvironment
Authors: Zhang Jingying , Zhang Qi , Lou Yu , Fu Qihan , Chen Qi , Wei Tao , Yang Jiaqi , Tang Jinlong , Wang Jianxin , Chen Yiwen , Zhang Xiaoyu , Zhang Jian , Bai Xueli , Liang Tingbo
Published: November 2017

The development and progression of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) are dependent on its local microenvironment. Hypoxia and inflammation are two critical factors that shape the HCC microenvironment; however, the interplay between the two factors and the involvement of cancer cells under such conditions remain poorly understood. We found that tumor‐associated macrophages, the primary proinflammatory cells within tumors, secreted more interleukin 1β (IL‐1β) under moderate hypoxic conditions due to increased stability of hypoxia inducible factor 1α (HIF‐1α). Under persistent and severe hypoxia, we found that the necrotic debris of HCC cells induced potent IL‐1β release by tumor‐associated macrophages with an M2 phenotype. We further confirmed that the necrotic debris–induced IL‐1β secretion was mediated through Toll‐like receptor 4/TIR domain–containing adapter‐inducing interferon‐β/nuclear factor kappa‐light‐chain‐enhancer of activated B cells signaling in a similar, but not identical, fashion to lipopolysaccharide‐induced inflammation. Using mass spectrometry, we identified a group of proteins with O‐linked glycosylation to be responsible for the necrotic debris–induced IL‐1β secretion. Following the increase of IL‐1β in the local microenvironment, the synthesis of HIF‐1α was up‐regulated by IL‐1β in HCC cells through cyclooxygenase‐2. The epithelial–mesenchymal transition of HCC cells was enhanced by overexpression of HIF‐1α. We further showed that IL‐1β promoted HCC metastasis in mouse models and was predictive of poor prognosis in HCC patients. Conclusion: Our findings revealed an HIF‐1α/IL‐1β signaling loop between cancer cells and tumor‐associated macrophages in a hypoxic microenvironment, resulting in cancer cell epithelial–mesenchymal transition and metastasis; more importantly, our results suggest a potential role of an anti‐inflammatory strategy in HCC treatment. (Hepatology 2018;67:1872‐1889)
Extracorporeal cellular therapy (ELAD) in severe alcoholic hepatitis: A multinational, prospective, controlled, randomized trial
Authors: Thompson Julie , Jones Natasha , Al‐Khafaji Ali , Malik Shahid , Reich David , Munoz Santiago , MacNicholas Ross , Hassanein Tarek , Teperman Lewis , Stein Lance , Duarte‐Rojo Andrés , Malik Raza , Adhami Talal , Asrani Sumeet , Shah Nikunj , Gaglio Paul , Duddempudi Anupama , Borg Brian , Jalan Rajiv , Brown Robert , Patton Heather , Satoskar Rohit , Rossi Simona , Parikh Amay , ElSharkawy Ahmed , Mantry Parvez , Sher Linda , Wolf David , Hart Marquis , Landis Charles , Wigg Alan , Habib Shahid , McCaughan Geoffrey , Colquhoun Steven , Henry Alyssa , Bedard Patricia , Landeen Lee , Millis Michael , Ashley Robert , Frank William , Henry Andrew , Stange Jan , Subramanian Ram ,   on behalf of the VTI‐208 Study Group
Published: November 2017

Severe alcoholic hepatitis (sAH) is associated with a poor prognosis. There is no proven effective treatment for sAH, which is why early transplantation has been increasingly discussed. Hepatoblastoma‐derived C3A cells express anti‐inflammatory proteins and growth factors and were tested in an extracorporeal cellular therapy (ELAD) study to establish their effect on survival for subjects with sAH. Adults with sAH, bilirubin ≥8 mg/dL, Maddrey's discriminant function ≥ 32, and Model for End‐Stage Liver Disease (MELD) score ≤ 35 were randomized to receive standard of care (SOC) only or 3‐5 days of continuous ELAD treatment plus SOC. After a minimum follow‐up of 91 days, overall survival (OS) was assessed by using a Kaplan‐Meier survival analysis. A total of 203 subjects were enrolled (96 ELAD and 107 SOC) at 40 sites worldwide. Comparison of baseline characteristics showed no significant differences between groups and within subgroups. There was no significant difference in serious adverse events between the 2 groups. In an analysis of the intent‐to‐treat population, there was no difference in OS (51.0% versus 49.5%). The study failed its primary and secondary end point in a population with sAH and with a MELD ranging from 18 to 35 and no upper age limit. In the prespecified analysis of subjects with MELD < 28 (n = 120), ELAD was associated with a trend toward higher OS at 91 days (68.6% versus 53.6%; P = .08). Regression analysis identified high creatinine and international normalized ratio, but not bilirubin, as the MELD components predicting negative outcomes with ELAD. A new trial investigating a potential benefit of ELAD in younger subjects with sufficient renal function and less severe coagulopathy has been initiated. Liver Transplantation 24 380–393 2018 AASLD.
The Structure of an SL2‐module of finite Morley rank
Authors: Tindzogho Ntsiri Jules
Published: November 2017

We consider a universe of finite Morley rank and the following definable objects: a field, a non‐trivial action of a groupon a connected abelian groupV, and a torusTofGsuch that. We prove that everyT‐minimal subgroup ofVhas Morley rank. MoreoverVis a direct sum of‐minimal subgroups of the form, whereWisT‐minimal and ζ is an element ofGof order 4 invertingT.
Locally weighted scatter‐plot smoothing for analysing temperature changes and patterns in Australia
Authors: Wanishsakpong Wandee , Notodiputro Khairil Anwar
Published: November 2017

The mean maximum monthly temperature data were recorded at 112 stations in Australia. The data (1990–2015) were downloaded from the Australian Bureau of Meteorology (BOM) website. Missing values were imputed using regression models based on information from the nearest stations, as well as the time periods. The data were deseasonalized to remove seasonal variations and then cluster analysis techniques were used to group the stations into six clusters. For each cluster, locally weighted scatter‐plot smoothing (LOESS) and double exponential smoothing (DES) were used to analyse temperature changes and patterns. The results showed that LOESS produced better fits as well as smoother curves compared with the DES. The trends in temperature were increasing in all clusters, whereas the patterns showed periodicity of the temperatures.
Estimation and validation of patient‐specific high‐resolution lung elasticity derived from 4DCT
Authors: Hasse Katelyn , O'Connell Dylan , Min Yugang , Neylon John , Low Daniel A. , Santhanam Anand
Published: November 2017

Purpose

Lung diseases are commonly associated with changes in lung tissue's biomechanical properties. Functional imaging techniques, such as elastography, have shown great promise in measuring tissue's biomechanical properties, which could expand the utility and effectiveness of radiotherapy treatment planning. We present a novel methodology for characterizing a key biomechanical property, parenchymal elasticity, derived solely from 4DCT datasets.

Methods

Specifically, end‐inhalation and end‐exhalation breathing phases of the 4DCT datasets were deformably registered and the resulting displacement maps were considered to be ground‐truth. A mid‐exhalation image was also prepared for verification purposes. A GPU‐based biomechanical model was then generated from the patient end‐exhalation dataset and used as a forward model to iteratively solve for the elasticity distribution. Displacements at the surface of the lungs were applied as boundary constraints for the model‐guided tissue elastography, while the inner voxels were allowed to deform according to the linear elastic forces within the biomechanical model. A convergence criteria of 10% maximum deformation was employed for the iterative process.

Results

The lung tissue elasticity estimation was documented for a set of 15 4DCT patient datasets. Maximum lung deformations were observed to be between 6 and 31 mm. Our results showed that, on average, 89.91 ± 4.85% convergence was observed. A validation study consisting of mid‐exhalation breathing phases illustrated an accuracy of 87.13 ± 10.62%. Structural similarity, normalized cross‐correlation, and mutual information were used to quantify the degree of similarity between the following image pairs: (a) the model‐generated end‐exhalation and ground‐truth end‐exhalation, and (b) model‐generated mid‐exhalation images and ground‐truth mid‐exhalation.

Conclusions

Overall, the results suggest that the lung elasticity can be measured with approximately 90% convergence using routinely acquired clinical 4DCT scans, indicating the potential for a lung elastography implementation within the radiotherapy clinical workflow. The regional lung elasticity found here can lead to improved tissue sparing radiotherapy treatment plans, and more precise monitoring of treatment response.
Simulation of W‐band radar reflectivity for model validation and data assimilation
Authors: Borderies M. , Caumont O. , Augros C. , Bresson É. , Delanoë J. , Ducrocq V. , Fourrié N. , Bastard T. Le , Nuret M.
Published: November 2017

This article describes a reflectivity forward operator developed for the validation and assimilation of W‐band radar data into the regional AROME class of numerical weather prediction models. The forward operator is consistent with the AROME ICE3 one‐moment microphysical scheme and is devised for vertically pointing radars. A new neighbourhood validation method, the Most Resembling Column (MRC) method, is designed to disentangle spatial location model errors from errors in the forward operator. This novel method is used to validate the forward operator using data collected in diverse conditions by the airborne cloud radar RASTA (Radar Airborne System Tool for Atmosphere) during a 2 month period over a region of the Mediterranean. The MRC method is then applied to retrieve the optimal effective shapes (i.e. the mean axis ratios) of the predicted graupel, snow and pristine ice, by minimizing the standard deviation between observations and simulations. The optimal mean axis ratio is approximately 0.7 for snow and 0.8 for graupel. It is shown that treating snow and graupel particles as oblate spheroids with axis ratios close to their optimal values leads to good agreement between the observations and simulations of the ice levels. Conversely, there is a large bias if snow and graupel particles are considered to be either spherical or overly flattened. The results also indicate that pristine ice can be approximated by a sphere, but this conclusion should be taken cautiously since the amount of pristine ice particles is probably overestimated in the ICE3 microphysical scheme.