bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Comparative Assessment of Total Antioxidant Capacity of Unstimulated Saliva Which Can Reflect the Oxidative Stress between Autism Children and Normal Children
Authors: Sundaram Manikandan , Kumarasamy Baskaran , Subbian Kavitha P. , Perumal Mohan Kumar , Balu Kiruthika , Manikandan Saranya
Published: April 2024

ABSTRACT

Aim:

To assess the level of total antioxidant capacity (TAC) in the unstimulated saliva of autism children and normal children.

Methods:

A total of 60 children participated in the study (autism children—30; normal children—30) in the age-group of 7–14 years, at a Special Needs Children’s Home in Salem district. Both groups were further subdivided into subgroups of 15 children each (caries-free and caries-active). All children were given instructions regarding saliva sample collection, and unstimulated saliva samples were collected in sterile cryovials and transported to the laboratory at 4°C, where the TAC of saliva was evaluated using the spectrophotometric assay.

Results:

TAC of autism children was comparable to that of normal children due to personal care and improved diet. TAC was increased in caries-active children when compared to caries-free children in both groups. When comparing the mean values of TAC in caries-active and caries-free children of both groups, it was not statistically significant. So, from the above results, it can be assumed that the diet, age, and caries activity have a definitive influence on the TAC level of saliva.

Conclusion:

Personal hygiene, diet, age, and caries activity have a definitive influence on the level of TAC in saliva.
Mesotherapy for Melasma – An Updated Review
Authors: Kashikar Yash , Madke Bhushan , Singh Adarshlata , Meghe Soham , Rusia Kaveri
Published: April 2024

ABSTRACT

Mesotherapy is a popular novel therapeutic modality that delivers intradermal or subcutaneous microinjections of pharmaceutical compounds. Although this novel treatment method is used commonly in aesthetic dermatology, there is little information about the details of injections, efficacy, and side effects of mesotherapy in melasma. In this review, we evaluated the efficacy of various types of anti-pigmentation agents used with mesotherapy in the management of melasma.
Factors Affecting the Availability and Utilization of Essential Medicines in India: A Systematic Review
Authors: Wadhwa Medha , Trivedi Poonam , Raval Devang , Saha Somen , Prajapati Hitesh , Gautam Rupal , Jagadeesh K V , Rajshekhar Kavitha
Published: April 2024

ABSTRACT

Essential medicines or drugs are recognized as highly cost-effective components within contemporary healthcare, demonstrating significant potential for improving health outcomes. The provision of essential medicines directly impacts the functioning of healthcare facilities, resulting in financial hardship. This review aims to fill knowledge gaps by examining obstacles hindering access and utilization of essential medicines in India. This study conducted a comprehensive evidence synthesis, following Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) guidelines, to analyse articles on the availability and utilization of essential medicines in India. The search strategy included various databases and keywords. Published, peer-reviewed articles focusing on the National/ State List of Essential Medicines and meeting specific criteria were considered. Data items included essential medicines, drug availability, utilization, and challenges. Data was extracted, synthesized, and analysed using thematic framework analysis. Out of 1,129 articles, 11 were selected for review. Studies consistently highlighted the inadequate availability of essential medicines in different Indian states. Availability of essential medicines varies in the range of 17-51 percent across major states of India. Stock-outs of medicines vary from 4 to 14 weeks. Governance issues including differential procurement mechanisms across states of India, hinder seamless availability of essential medicines. Other challenges included distribution and purchasing system inefficiencies, governance-related issues, and facility/ user-level challenges impacting drug utilization. Disruptions in utilization were observed due to improper prescription practices and non-availability of affordable options. Accessibility and affordability also affected drug utilization. Issues with supply chain management and conflicting guidelines further contributed to the obstacles faced in ensuring availability and utilization of essential medicines in India. Ensuring the availability, accessibility, and affordability of essential medicines is of utmost importance. The public health system needs to strengthen its procurement and distribution management. Strengthening the logistics support for an efficient supply of essential medicines will reduce the time lag in receipt of drugs. Guidelines on essential drugs prepared by the National Health System Resource Centre need to be strictly adhered to and monitored in inventory management system. There is an urgent need to develop a sustainable model for achieving uniformity in the availability and utilization of essential medicines in India.
Revascularization Revisited with Modified Triple Antibiotic Paste and NeoPutty MTA®
Authors: Acharya Sonu , Sahoo Dipmalla , Singh Bismay , Gurunathan Deepa
Published: April 2024

ABSTRACT

Introduction and Aim:

Performing endodontic treatment in an immature permanent tooth that has experienced trauma or carious exposure can pose challenges. The root canals in these teeth are typically open and fragile, making instrumentation and obturation difficult. Traditional apexification, which involves placing calcium hydroxide paste in the root canal for a specified period to induce the formation of a calcified barrier, has been a long-standing approach. While it is a widely used method, leaving the paste in the root for extended periods can weaken it due to the paste’s hygroscopic properties and the proteolytic activities of calcium hydroxide. As a result, researchers have been exploring alternative treatments that allow for the full development of immature teeth. Revascularization has emerged as one such alternative, with a variety of treatment protocols documented in scientific literature.

Description of the Case:

This case report, for the first time, describes the use of NeoPutty MTA® and triple antibiotics paste for revascularization in a young female child on a carious, exposed lateral incisor with opex apex with success.

Conclusion:

The revascularization process attempted on the infected tooth met with success and closure of apex was noticed in a short period of time.
Electrochemical dissolution and retrieval of broken NiTi endodontic files from root canal using chloride based isotonic fluids as electrolytes − An in vitro study
Authors: Hariprasad R. , Joy Basil , Kuriakose Feby , Sudhakar Aswathy S. , Soumya T. S. , Pathrose Sonia P.
Published: April 2024

ABSTRACT

Objective:

The electrochemical dissolution method of instrument retrieval emphasizes on the dissolution of the instrument rather than sacrificing dentine. Most of the studies conducted for electrochemical dissolution used fluoride-containing electrolytes and were performed inside a beaker. In this study, we used chloride-based fluids as electrolytes.

Materials and Methods:

Fifty extracted mandibular first premolars were divided into five groups based on the electrolytes used. Canals were enlarged to ProTaper Universal F2, and files were intentionally broken inside the canal. These specimens were subjected to electrochemical characterization by applying the potential of 9V for 20 min. Optical images were taken to assess the change in surface topography. The results were analyzed statistically by one-way analysis of variance (analysis of variance [ANOVA]).

Results:

The rate of dissolution based on the electrolyte used decreased in the following order, viz. Tyrode’s solution>artificial saliva>normal saline>Ringer’s lactate/physiological serum.

Conclusion:

Apart from fluoride, chloride-based electrolytes could be an efficient alternative.
Minimally Invasive Approaches in Orthognathic Surgery: A Narrative Review of Contemporary Techniques and their Clinical Outcomes
Authors: Altwaijri Abdulrahman
Published: April 2024

ABSTRACT

Maxillofacial surgery has evolved significantly, particularly in orthognathic procedures, shifting from invasive methods to minimally invasive techniques (MITs). Innovations, like 3D imaging, computer-aided simulations, piezoelectric surgery, and endoscopic assistance, have revolutionized patient care. These methods notably reduce bleeding, scarring, hospital stays, and recovery time, while enhancing surgical precision and outcomes. Our review focuses on modern MITs, including endoscopically assisted maxillomandibular advancement (EAMMA) and CAD/CAM technology. We conducted a thorough literature search, identifying 21 relevant articles from an initial pool of 423. The review evaluates the efficacy, complication rates, and long-term stability of these techniques, addressing challenges and future prospects. Emphasizing the significance of MI methods in orthognathic surgery, it advocates for further research and clinical adoption.
From Likes to Saving Lives: Embracing Social Media’s Power to Connect, Learn, and Innovate in Medical Education Delivery
Authors: Shrivastava Saurabh RamBihariLal , Bankar Nandkishor J , Shrivastava Prateek Saurabh , Gajbe Ujwal , Singh Brij Raj , Tiwade Yugeshwari , Bandre Ankit
Published: April 2024

ABSTRACT

Social media have become an integral part of human life, because the manner in which we communicate, share information, and network with the external world is changing significantly. The purpose of the current review is to explore the role of social media in transforming medical education, identify the merits and the potential concerns, and propose effective strategies to overcome the identified challenges. Social media have significant potential in strengthening the delivery of medical education and meeting the scenarios emerging out of changing dynamics. The most important aspect of social media is that they have global reach and wide accessibility, and promotes active engagement of students. Similar to any other teaching–learning method, even the use of social media has its own limitations-cum-concerns. We must come out with potential solutions to each one of these problems so that overall acceptance and utilization of social media applications can be optimized. In conclusion, social media in medical education have immense potential to revolutionize learning and provide a platform for collaborative learning and networking. The need of the hour is to do systematic planning, train stakeholders, and establish guidelines for promoting effective engagement while using social media, and thereby keeping pace with the rapidly evolving healthcare landscape.
Severe Renal Impairment in a Patient with Recent Rheumatoid Arthritis Diagnosis following Methotrexate Initiation: A Case Report
Authors: Alharbi Fahad Hamadan M. , Almutairi Faisal Abdullah S. , Aljutayli Ziyad Abdulrahman A. , Albuhayji Saleh Abdulaziz S. , Alharbi Hosam Dahaim D. , Almutairi Ahmed Abdullah S.
Published: April 2024

ABSTRACT

Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is a chronic autoimmune disease frequently treated with immunosuppressive agents such as methotrexate (MTX). Although MTX is generally well-tolerated, it can lead to adverse effects, including renal impairment. We present a case of a patient with newly diagnosed RA who developed severe renal impairment shortly after initiating MTX therapy. A 50-year-old male with recently diagnosed RA presented with vomiting, skin itching, mouth ulcers, and a pruritic rash, all occurring shortly after starting MTX treatment. These symptoms led to acute kidney injury (AKI), necessitating hemodialysis. The patient’s symptoms and laboratory findings were indicative of ANCA-associated small-vessel vasculitis with a picture of rapidly progressive glomerulonephritis (RPGN). Treatment included discontinuation of MTX, hemodialysis, immunosuppressive therapy with corticosteroids and cyclophosphamide, and patient education. This case emphasizes the need for close monitoring of RA patients initiated on MTX therapy and prompt evaluation of renal function. Clinicians should be vigilant for signs of renal impairment and be prepared to initiate appropriate interventions, including discontinuation of MTX and consideration of immunosuppressive therapy, to optimize patient outcomes. Further research is warranted to understand better the mechanisms underlying renal complications in RA patients receiving MTX treatment.
Study of Culture Conversion in Drug-Resistant Pulmonary Tuberculosis on All-Oral Longer Regimen at IGIMS, Patna
Authors: Kumar Gudesh , Kumar Manish , Muni Sweta , Kumar Rakesh , Shankar Manish , Kumar Randhir , Kumari Namrata
Published: April 2024

ABSTRACT

Background:

Multidrug-resistant tuberculosis (MDR-TB) refers to tuberculosis that resists at least two primary drugs, namely isoniazid and rifampicin. To assess the management of MDR-TB, sputum culture conversion is performed. This study aimed to determine the culture conversion status of MDR-TB patients undergoing an all-oral longer regimen.

Methods:

This research constitutes an observational and prospective study conducted within a hospital setting. The study was done at the Department of Microbiology, IGIMS, Patna, from October 2020 to March 2022. Culture conversion in multidrug resistance pulmonary tuberculosis on all-oral longer regimens took one spot and one morning sample of sputum as per standard protocol after completing two months of all-oral longer regimens and culturing it in liquid broth using Mycobacterium Growth Indicator Tube (MGIT) 960 System at two, four then six months till we got a negative result.

Results:

Maximum number of the cases, 77 (74.8%), belonged to 19–35 years of age group. Males were 68 (66.1%) and females were 35 (33.9%), respectively, with male to female ratio of 1.9:1. After 2 months of oral longer regimen treatment, out of 103 cases, we found 98 (95.1%) patients had sputum for culture positive and only five (4.2%) patients had sputum for culture negative. After 6 months of oral longer regimen treatment, out of 101 cases, we found 16 (15.8%) patients had sputum for culture positive and 85 (85.2%) patients had sputum for culture negative.

Conclusion:

In patients with multidrug-resistant pulmonary tuberculosis (MDR-TB) who received an all-oral longer regimen, the introduction of bedaquiline led to positive outcomes as evidenced by a greater number of negative sputum cultures, a decrease in culture reversions, and a reduced risk of developing a more resistant form of MDR-TB.
STITCH and Molecular Docking Analysis of Selected Wood Apple (Limonia acidissima) Constituents as Anti-Dandruff and Anti-Acne Agents
Authors: Vishnupriya N. , Sankar M. Mani , Vimal S. , Radhakrishnan N.
Published: April 2024

ABSTRACT

Background:

Wood apple (Limonia acidissima) has been reported to possess various pharmacological activities. The present study aimed to evaluate the 11 selected constituents of Wood apple (L. acidissima) as potent anti-dandruff and anti-acne agents using a molecular docking approach.

Materials and Methods:

The 11 selected constituents of Wood apple were studied on the molecular docking behavior of Malassezia globosa Lipase-1 and Cutibacterium acnes beta-keto acyl synthase-III enzymes by using the patchdock method. Furthermore, STITCH analysis was carried out to determine the ligand-protein interactions. STITCH analysis reveals that two ligands, namely, psoralen and umbelliferone, have exhibited interactions with both the M. globosa and P. acnes KPA 171202 proteins.

Results:

The docking studies revealed that isopimpinellin and saponarin exhibited the highest (ACE) atomic contact energy (−162.32 and − 318.63 kcal/mol) with that of M. globosa Lipase-1 and C. acnes beta-ketoacyl synthase-III, respectively.

Conclusion:

Thus, the present finding provides new knowledge for understanding the 11 selected ligands of Wood apple (L. acidissima) as potent anti-dandruff and anti-acne agents.
Antibacterial Activity of Hibiscus sabdariffa (Rosella) Using Methanolic Extract
Authors: Venkatesan Keerthika , Venkatesan Santhosh , Manivannan N
Published: April 2024

ABSTRACT

Hibiscus sabdariffa L. (Rosella) has a long history of use in food preparation, herbal remedies, hot and cold beverages, food industry flavoring, and herbal drinks. More than 300 species of Hibiscus are grown all over the world. It is an annual herbaceous shrub belonging to the family Malvacea. However, limited is known about the antimicrobial properties of H. sabdariffa; the purpose of this study was to investigate the antimicrobial activity of H. sabdariffa (Rosella) extract against a range of pathogens, including Staphylococcus aureus, Escherichia coli, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, and Candida albicans. The results of the study showed that H. sabdariffa (Rosella) extract had a significant antimicrobial effect, against S. aureus and E. coli. Further the minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) shows 128 μg/mL concentration followed by E. coli 256 μg/mL. The biocompatibility of crude metabolites shows highly compatible with Red blood cells (RBC’s). This finding suggests that the crude metabolites of H. sabdariffa (Rosella) could be the source to control the human pathogens.
Doxycycline Drug Release Property of Glutaraldehyde Crosslinked Hydrogel
Authors: Kavish P , Kalpana R , Kumar Vinay
Published: April 2024

ABSTRACT

Delayed wound healing is one of the most common problems associated with diabetic patients. There are several factors associated with delayed wound healing. It has been observed that if not cured the wound healing takes a long time. This is the reason that researchers are engaged in developing sustainable, biodegradable, biocompatible, and effective wound-healing dressings. However, it has been observed that the traditional wound-healing bandages have drawbacks such as allergies and less efficiency in the absorption of wound exudate. To fill the gap, hydrogels have been developed recently which have higher absorption capacity. In addition, they pose slow drug release properties. Therefore, the present study was conducted to prepare an effective and promising hydrogel that has high drug absorption and release properties.
In Silico Analysis of Selective Bioactive Compounds from Acronychia Pedunculata as a Potential Inhibitor of HER2 in Colorectal Cancer
Authors: Ramya S. , Manivannan Hema P. , Veeraraghavan Vishnu P. , Francis Arul P.
Published: April 2024

ABSTRACT

Colorectal cancer (CRC) is a pervasive malignancy that stands as a prominent contributor to global cancer-related mortality. Among the numerous causative factors, the overexpression of human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2) is notably linked to CRC progression. Acronychia (A.) pedunculata has a longstanding history in folk medicine due to its multifaceted medicinal attributes. This study aimed to assess the potential of specific bioactive compounds derived from A. pedunculata for their inhibition of HER2 in CRC, utilizing in silico analysis. The compounds were systematically evaluated through a series of computational analyses. Drug-likeness assessment, pharmacokinetic evaluation, and toxicity analysis were conducted. Molecular docking studies were performed to investigate binding affinities with the HER2 target. Additionally, bioavailability radar analysis was employed to predict oral bioavailability, while molecular target prediction provided insights into potential protein interactions. All 12 compounds demonstrated favorable drug-likeness properties and adherence to Lipinski’s rule of five, indicative of the potential for good oral bioavailability. Four compounds were found to have no toxicological endpoints. Molecular docking revealed two compounds, namely caryophylla-4 (14), 8 (15)-dien-5alpha-ol and (-)-globulol, which showed promising binding affinities between several compounds and HER2. From this study, two leads were identified from A. pedunculata. Further experimental studies are required to validate the action of leads.
Anti-Inflammatory Effect of Herbal Mouthwash Prepared Using Andrographis Paniculata and Rosa Formulation
Authors: Aishvarya Rukmani P , Shanmugam Rajeshkumar , Manigandan Pradeep
Published: April 2024

ABSTRACT

Andrographis (A.) paniculata contains andrograpanin, which is both anti-inflammatory and anti-infective. Rosa comprises over 150–200 species from the family Rosaceae. Rosa exerts various properties, including anti-inflammatory property. Herbal mouthwash was made using A. paniculata leaf powder and Rosa extract. The anti-inflammatory effect was evaluated using an albumin denaturation assay and egg albumin denaturation. The percentage of protein denaturation that is inhibited by the formulation of A. paniculata and Rosa indicates that it has strong anti-inflammatory effect. According to the findings, as concentration is raised, the formulation’s anti-inflammatory activity rises. The formulation’s percentage inhibition values are also equivalent to those of a typical anti-inflammatory medicine, indicating that it may be effective as a natural anti-inflammatory agent.
Mechanical Properties of 3D Printed Orthodontic Aligners Produced by Different Commercially Available Printers - An In-Vitro Study
Authors: Bhardwaj Amit , Mishra Kratika , Pandey Ankita , Kirtiwar Deepali , Kharche Asmita , Agaldiviti Prashanth
Published: April 2024

ABSTRACT

The aim of this study was to compare the mechanical properties of orthodontic aligners among different commercially available 3D printing devices. Three different 3D printers were included in this study (Formlabs Form 2 3D printer; Moonray S100 printer (Sprintray, Los Angeles, CA, USA); Eden500V Stratasys 3D Printers were used to prepare orthodontic aligners with dental. The central incisors of each aligner were cut, prepared, and evaluated in terms of Martens-Hardness (HM), indentation-modulus (EIT), and elastic-index (ηIT) as per ISO14577-1:2002. Post hoc pairwise comparisons indicated no significant difference in Martens-Hardness (HM), indentation-modulus (EIT), and elastic-index (ηIT) properties in any group. Under the limitations of this study, it may be concluded that the mechanical properties of 3D-printed orthodontic aligners are dependent on the 3D printer used, and thus, differences in their clinical efficacy are anticipated.
Problem-Based Learning – An Overview
Authors: Jaganathan Sabarinathan , Bhuminathan Samikannu , Ramesh Maya
Published: April 2024

ABSTRACT

The main objective of Problem-Based Learning (PBL) is to develop problem-solving skills, collaborative learning skills, self-directed learning skills, communication skills, deeper learning skills, lifelong learning skills, and better retention in the students to equip them better in their professional careers. Unlike the traditional curriculum which is mainly based on didactic lectures, PBL is based on a group of students working on a problem and solving it. PBL is a promising teaching and learning tool that can be adopted in all fields, especially in Medical and Dental curricula.
Comparative Evaluation of the Efficiency of Polymer Bur, Cera Bur, and Tungsten Carbide Bur in Dentin Caries Excavation of Mandibular Primary Molars: An In vivo Study
Authors: Thomas Stacey , Duraisamy Vinola , Selvarajan Nandhini B. , Gainneos R. Pradeep Daniel , Joybell C. Chrishantha , Gopalan Thiruvenkadam
Published: April 2024

ABSTRACT

Conservative caries removal has become an integral part of minimally invasive dentistry (MID). Polymer and Cera burs are two feasible MID methods. The aim of the study was to compare the efficiency of Polymer, Cera, and Tungsten carbide bur in dentin caries excavation of mandibular primary molars. 45 children in the age group of 6-8 years with dentin caries, not involving pulp in the second mandibular primary molars, were selected for the study. The three burs compared were polymer bur, Cera bur, and Tungsten Carbide bur. The excavation of carious lesion was performed with each burs using a slow-speed handpiece with 500-1000rpm. Caries removal efficiency was evaluated using the Visual-Tactile method and confirmed Dye detection method. The time taken to complete the caries removal was measured using a stopwatch. The patient’s pain perception was assessed using the Wong–Baker Faces Pain Rating Scale. The intergroup comparisons based on time, dye, and Wong-Baker Faces Pain Rating Scale (WBFPRS) were arrived at using Mann–Whitney and Fisher Exact tests at P < 0.0001. A statistical significance between the three groups on the time taken for caries removal at P < 0.0001. No statistical significance was observed between the three groups for caries removal efficiency and pain perception using the dye and WBFPRS scores at P > 0.001. Cera burs had shown high caries removal efficiency, which had taken less time in the excavation, with reduced pain perception followed by Tungsten Carbide bur and the polymer bur in mandibular primary molars.
Antibacterial Efficacy of Herbal and 0.2% Chlorhexidine Mouth Rinse Against Oral Pathogens – An In vitro Study
Authors: Nagappan Nagappan , Palaneeswaran Kamalashankar , Nalankilli Ashok Viswanath , Nyklesh V , Mani Muralimani , Aziz Mac B Abdul
Published: April 2024

ABSTRACT

Background:

Nature has given us an enormous number of medicines for every disease that affects people.

Aim:

To compare the antimicrobial efficacy of an herbal and 0.2% chlorhexidine gluconate mouthrinse against Streptococcus mutans, Staphylococcus aureus, and Enterococcus faecalis.

Materials and Methods:

The antimicrobial effectiveness (zone of inhibition) of a herbal mouthrinse and 0.2% chlorhexidine mouthrinse were determined by agar well-diffusion method.

Results:

At 50% concentration, the experimental mouthrinse inhibits the growth of Streptococcus mutans, Staphylococcus aureus, and Enterococcus faecalis.

Conclusion:

Against the three strains, chlorhexidine mouthrinse (0.2%) performs better in terms of antimicrobial effectiveness.
Snellen iPad App versus Traditional Light-Box Snellen Chart in Distance Visual Acuity
Authors: Al-Essa Aiad
Published: April 2024

ABSTRACT

This study aimed to discover distance visual acuity (VA) assessments through the display of the Snellen chart on the iPad tablet. The findings are equivalent to those obtained using the conventional light-box Snellen chart. In this work, the Snellen iPad app and Eye Chart HD iOS app are utilized among the participants in the Ophthalmology Outpatient Department (OPD) for determining VA. A cross-sectional method was used for the examination, which included 100 new patients who were chosen by random selection. The age requirement for new patients was 8 years and up for both genders. Patients with a VA of less than 6/30 were disqualified from the experiment. Two testing modalities are used to measure VA, such as the iPad Mini 2 with the iOS software Eye Chart HD and the classic Snellen light-box chart. The observation revealed that the Snellen iPad app and the classic light-box Snellen chart produced equivalent findings. The classic Snellen chart may have been memorized by participants before their eye examination, undermining the accuracy of the conclusions of the initial testing modality used. Patient-related variables were also identified as confounders. Future studies should adjust the brightness of the iPad Mini 2 and the traditional light-box Snellen chart to make sure that neither experiment modality’s brightness affects the accuracy of the findings. Future research should also investigate the use of premium apps, use both devices, and employ a bigger sample size.
Evaluation of the Efficacy of Neo-endo, Hyflex Re-treatment File Systems and H-Files for Removing Gutta-Percha From Root Canal Treated Tooth by Using Stereomicroscope—An In Vitro Study
Authors: Karunakar P , Ranga Reddy M S , Karteek Basa Srinivas , Lakshmi Charan Reddy Chavva , Swetha Chigurupati , Racha Kundana , Waheed Sumaiya
Published: April 2024

ABSTRACT

Aim:

To evaluate the efficacy of Neo-endo, Hyflextm retreatment file systems, and H-files for removing gutta-percha from root canal treated tooth.

Materials and Methods:

Thirty extracted single-rooted human teeth with a single canal were opted. The shaping of the root canals was done with pro-taper universal files and later obturated. The samples were grouped based on the file system chosen for removing the obturating material: Group I-H-files; Group II-Neo-endo retreatment files; Group III-Hyflex™ retreatment files. The quantity of remaining gutta-percha still present after the retreatment procedure was assessed under a stereomicroscope. One-way Analysis of Variance (ANOVA) was used to statistically analyze the data.

Results:

Hyflex™ files left less remaining filling material than with Neo-endo and H-files.

Conclusion:

The Hyflex™ retreatment files were most efficient in removing the gutta-percha from the root canal.
The Effect of Non-Invasive Treatment Techniques on the Color Masking Ability and Surface Roughness of Induced Enamel Lesions (An in vitro Study)
Authors: Obead Nada , Bubteina Nagat , Salem Khaled Awidat , Peeran Syed Wali , Karobari Mohmed Isaqali , Basheer Syed Nahid
Published: April 2024

ABSTRACT

Aim of the Study:

The aim of this in vitro study was to evaluate the effect of the resin infiltration technique and remineralization of induced enamel caries with fluoride solution on the color masking of white spot lesions and surface roughness.

Materials and Methods:

A total of 45 sound teeth were used in this study. All the teeth were sectioned along the long axes into two halves, lingual and buccal to get 90 specimens. All specimens were immersed in a demineralized solution for 7 days. The specimens were divided randomly into three equal groups (n = 30) according to the type of treatment; Group 1 (n = 30) was treated with fluoride varnish (Clinpro); Group 2 (n = 30) was treated by resin infiltration (Icon); and Group 3 (n = 30) was used as a control group with no treatment. The color and surface roughness were measured three times at baseline (T1), directly after induction of artificial white spot lesions (WSLs) (T2), and directly after application of the treatment options (T3). The colors were measured using a portable reflective spectrophotometer and the 3D surface roughness was measured using a Light Sectioning Vision System. Data were collected and statistically analyzed using T test and Mann–Whitney U test.

The Results:

Surface roughness was almost equal in the study groups with no statistically significant differences reported. Icon showed slightly higher color scores than that of ClinPro.

Conclusions:

The Icon produced favorable esthetic results compared to the fluoride therapy while no significant differences were reported regarding the surface roughness.
Correlates of Psychological Well-Being Among First-Year Medical Students: An Exploratory Study
Authors: Nebhinani Naresh , Nebhinani Mamta R. , Modi Shruti , Rajpurohit Surendra S. , Soni Puneet K.
Published: April 2024

ABSTRACT

Background and Objectives:

The literature is limited on correlates of psychological well-being among Indian medical undergraduates. The study aimed to assess the psychological well-being, life satisfaction, self-efficacy, positive state of mind, and emotions among first-year medical undergraduates.

Materials and Methods:

It was a cross-sectional study assessing 121 first-year medical undergraduate students. Psychological well-being scale, satisfaction with life scale, general self-efficacy scale, positive state of mind scale, and positive and negative affect schedule revised version were used.

Results:

The majority of medical undergraduate students were satisfied with the life. Their life satisfaction was positively associated with general self-efficacy, positive state of mind, and positive affect score. These indicators were negatively associated with negative affect score. Male students had significantly greater self-efficacy.

Conclusion:

Medical students’ life satisfaction was found to be positively associated with other wellness indicators. Resilience-based positive psychology interventions should be implemented in medical colleges to enhance psychological well-being.
Adenoid Cystic Carcinoma of Maxillary Sinus
Authors: Prasad Raveena , Basheer Luhluwa , Kolathingal Biniyam , Bhat Vadisha , Bhat Shubha P.
Published: April 2024

ABSTRACT

Adenoid cystic carcinoma is a rare, slow-growing tumor that develops from the mucous glands’ epithelium. Most commonly, it develops in salivary glands and is rare in the nose and paranasal sinuses. It is common in the fourth to sixth decade of life, with a female preponderance. We present a case of a 40-year-old male who came with complaints of right-sided nasal obstruction, which was clinically and radiologically diagnosed as a mucocele. He underwent endoscopic excision of the mass. Histopathology was suggestive of adenoid cystic carcinoma. Later, the patient underwent right orbital floor-sparing total maxillectomy, followed by adjuvant radiotherapy.
Prehypertension and Hypertension among School Teachers: An Epidemiological Study from South India
Authors: DevivaraPrasad M. , Subramaniyan P. , Praveen Kumar B. A. , Janakiraman P.
Published: April 2024

ABSTRACT

Context:

Teaching is regarded as one of the most stressful occupations, making them more vulnerable to cardiovascular diseases, especially hypertension.

Aims and Objectives:

We explored this study to estimate the prevalence of pre-hypertension and hypertension and its risk factors among school teachers.

Settings and Design:

This cross-sectional study was conducted for one year among 400 school teachers working in primary and secondary schools in southern Andhra Pradesh.

Materials and Methods:

Cluster sampling technique was used for sampling, where each school was considered as a cluster. A validated proforma with a questionnaire developed based on the WHO STEPS manual was used to collect data on socio-demographic details, blood pressure recordings, anthropometric measurements, and other related factors.

Statistical Analysis:

Odds ratio, the Chi-square test, and regression analysis was used to test the significance, where p < 0.05 was considered significant.

Results:

Among 400 subjects, 52.3% had normal blood pressure, 32.0% had pre-hypertension, and 15.7% had hypertension, with a total of pre-hypertension/ hypertension 47.7%. Prevalence of pre-hypertension/hypertension was significantly higher among the males (47.6%) [UOR: 2.4 (1.6-3.6)], the age group of 40 years and above (39.8%) [UOR: 4.6 (2.8-7.6)], and married subjects (90.1%) [UOR: 3.2 (1.8-5.6)]. Those who perceived moderate/severe stress at work (32.5%) [UOR: 3.9 (2.3-6.6)], teaching work of 11 years and above (59.7%) [UOR: 4.0 (2.7-6.2)], inadequate intake of fruits/vegetables (81.7%) [UOR: 1.6 (1.0-2.6)], adding extra salt to food (56.0%) [UOR: 2.0 (1.4-2.9)], and those who were overweight/obese (67.5%) [UOR: 3.4 (2.2-5.1)] had a higher prevalence.

Conclusions:

The prevalence of pre-hypertension and hypertension was considerably high among school teachers, and several factors were significantly associated with hypertension. Coordinated efforts in early diagnosis, control, and prevention of hypertension among teachers are the need of the hour.
Intravenous Clonidine and Magnesium Sulphate in Attenuating Hemodynamic Response to Pneumoperitoneum During Laparoscopic Cholecystectomy: A Randomized Blinded Comparative Study
Authors: Rymbai Sharon Aylmer Lamare , Hazra Darpanarayan
Published: April 2024

ABSTRACT

Background:

Conflicting data are demonstrating the superiority between Clonidine and Magnesium Sulphate in attenuating hemodynamic response to pneumoperitoneum.

Methods and Methodology:

This was a prospective randomized blinded trial comparing the efficacy of injection Clonidine 1.5 μg/kg (group A) and Magnesium Sulphate (MgSO4) 50 mg/kg (group B) done over six.

Results:

Sixty-eighty patients were included and assigned randomly to two groups of 34 (50.0%) patients. The mean (SD) age in groups A and B was 34.32 (11.35) and 37.20 (10.17) years respectively. Comparison of systolic blood pressure and mean arterial pressure were similar in both groups. The heart rate (HR) of patients in group A with group B, was almost the same at pre-induction and the end of infusion while HR was noted to be higher in group B, compared to group A at 5 minutes. Comparisons of EtCO2 (mm Hg) and SpO2 (%) between group A and group B were comparable in both the groups at pre-induction, at 5 min, 10 min, 15 min, 20 min, 25 min, 30 min, 35 min and 40 min. However, at the end of the infusion SpO2 levels were higher in Group A (p = 0.004). According to Modified Ramsay Sedation Score, half of the patients (50.0%) from group A were cooperative, oriented, and tranquil. In Group B, about one-third (38.2%) were cooperative, oriented, and tranquil. Immediate postoperative complications included nausea (8.8%) and vomiting (2.9%) which were comparable between both groups.

Conclusion:

Overall observations suggested that Clonidine (1.5 μg/kg) was equally effective as MgSO4 (50 mg/kg) in attenuating hemodynamic responses during pneumoperitoneum in laparoscopic cholecystectomy.
Prescription Audit for WHO Prescribing Indicators and Prescription Errors in a Tertiary Care Teaching Hospital
Authors: Mulkalwar Sarita , Patel Abhi , David Sudeep , Pabari Krushal , Math Praveen , Tilak Abhijeet V.
Published: April 2024

ABSTRACT

Aim:

Our study aimed to audit prescriptions for the prescription indicators given by WHO and to analyze prescription errors, evaluating the frequency and types of prescription errors.

Methodology:

Prospective study was done in Dr. D. Y. Patil Medical College, Hospital and Research Centre, Pimpri, Pune, under Pharmacology Department in October 2020. The prescriptions from all the OPD (outpatient departments) were collected from the pharmacy store. Prescriptions for the follow-up medication and devoid of medicine were excluded from the study.

Results:

Total of 1451 errors were found from 400 collected prescriptions, out of which 324 (22.3%) were errors of omission and 145 (10.0%) were errors of commission related to drugs whereas 982 (67.7%) were the error of omission other than drug details. A total of 1257 drugs were prescribed making an average of 3.14 drugs per prescription, out of which 28.72% drugs were prescribed by generic name. About 34.0% of patients were prescribed antibiotics and 2.25% of patients were prescribed injectable drugs. All the drugs were prescribed from the National Essential Drug List (NEDL).

Conclusion:

The prescription audit showed that there is a need to train prescribing doctors as per the standard MMC and NMC guidelines for rational prescription writing to minimize the chance of major errors like not writing the dose of the drug, not writing it in capital letters, drug-related instructions, diagnosis and so on. The prescription audit should be carried out at regular intervals to improve prescription writing skills to establish a better healthcare system.
Subtotal Cholecystectomy in Preventing Major Complications in Difficult Cholecystectomy Cases: A Comprehensive Single Center Study
Authors: Nagula Sunil , Sudhati Dilip , Jain Yugal D. , Patel Ravi V.
Published: April 2024

ABSTRACT

Background:

Cholecystectomy is a commonly performed laparoscopic surgery but because of variability in anatomy, surrounding inflammation and fibrosis because of recurrent attacks of cholecystitis, can be a potentially difficult surgery. Laparoscopic total cholecystectomy in difficult gall bladder cases sometimes can cause severe complications. Laparoscopic subtotal cholecystectomy can be a bridge and a safe and feasible option between open subtotal cholecystectomy and laparoscopic cholecystectomy.

Aim:

To study indications, morbidity and clinical outcomes in patients undergoing subtotal cholecystectomy with laparoscopy or with open surgery.

Settings and Design:

It was a prospective observational study. Patients presenting with signs and symptoms of cholecystitis in either OPD or IPD and in emergency were included in this study.

Materials and Methods:

Total 38 patients who presented to our institute with clinical and ultrasonographic evidence of acute cholecystitis were included in the study. All patients underwent detailed and thorough clinical examination, laboratory investigations, ultrasonographic, and contrast enhanced computed tomography scan in selected patients. Based on intraoperative findings, decision of subtotal cholecystectomy either by laparoscopy or via open method was made. Various outcomes like intraoperative complications, postoperative complications and need of postoperative interventions, hospital stay, and returning to daily activity were observed and charted.

Statistical Analysis:

The data obtained were tabulated in Microsoft Excel and analyzed using SPSS version 17.0. Continuous variables were expressed as mean ± standard deviation value. Probability value (P value) was used to determine the level of significance. P value <.05 was considered as significant; P value <0.001 was considered as highly significant.

Results:

The common indications for subtotal cholecystectomy were severe cholecystitis with dense fibrous adhesions (97.4%), empyema (34.2%) or gangrenous gallbladder (31.6%), and Mirizzi syndrome (2.6%). Conversion rate was 21.1%. Morbidity rates were relatively low with subtotal cholecystectomy (bile leak 21.1%, sub hepatic collections 10.5%, retained stones 5.3%, paralytic ileus 18.4%, wound infection 7.9%, and common bile duct stricture 2.6%). Postoperative interventions were necessary in 18.4% of the cases (retained stones 5.3%, bile leak 7.9%, common bile duct stricture 2.6%, and subhepatic collection 2.6%). Mean duration of hospital stay was 7.5 days and returning to routine daily activity was 11.05 days.

Conclusion:

Subtotal cholecystectomy is a safe and feasible method for difficult gallbladder cases with a positive outcome. Laparoscopic subtotal cholecystectomy decreases the conversion rate in difficult gallbladder cases but it is not a substitute to open conversion if deemed necessary.
Utilizing Telemedicine as a Tool for Management of PLHIV at a Tertiary Care Institute
Authors: Kadam Dileep B. , Salvi Sonali P. , Rathod Tara B. , Chandanwale Ajay S.
Published: April 2024

ABSTRACT

Telemedicine has been increasingly utilized in health sector. In our study we bring to light various applications of telemedicine consultation for patients receiving anti-retroviral therapy. We have observed that in a resource-limited setting, CD4-based assessment via telemedicine can still be useful, provided a serial record is maintained. We evaluated 430 cases in terms of demographics, CD4-trend and adverse effect profile. Tracking and monitoring of lost to follow-up cases could be done using this platform.

Aim:

The study focuses on the benefits of using telemedicine as a tool for consultation and referral of people living with HIV at centers located away from tertiary care institutes.

Settings and Design:

The study was conducted at telemedicine center, which is a tertiary referral center for all the districts in Maharashtra. We retrospectively analyzed the data obtained from telemedicine consultations carried out for patients from district-level antiretroviral therapy (ART) center.

Methods and Material:

The subjects who satisfied the following criteria were included for data analysis.

Inclusion Criteria:

All the HIV-infected persons on antiretroviral therapy enrolled at distant ART centers for which opinion was sought through telemedicine. This is an observational retrospective study. We reviewed the records of all patients enrolled in HIV healthcare through National Aids Control Organization from distant treating antiretroviral therapy centers (henceforth referred to as ART centers) for whom expert consultation was sought through telemedicine. These patients were given opinion for several consultations including response to therapy, management of opportunistic infections, drug-related adverse events, and treatment failure. We analyzed the demographics, the duration of treatment, and response to therapy.

Statistical Analysis Used:

Descriptive data analysis is used in this study.

Results:

We analyzed 430 case referrals through telemedicine from ART center. In 21% (N = 94) patients, CD4 was less than 50 and 11 cases had CD4 more than 500. An increasing CD4 trend was noted in 190 cases and a decreasing trend in 204 cases. In 36 cases, there was no change in CD4 progression. We had 20 cases lost to follow-up. The baseline regimen was Zidovudine Lamivudine Nevirapine (ZLN) in most cases (N = 237). Adverse drug reactions were the reasons for referral in 79 cases, maximum being AZT-induced anemia (N = 57). Of the total 430 cases referred, 253 cases had been wait-listed for SACEP meeting as per existing protocol. In 177 cases, physical attendance for the SACEP meeting could be deferred.

Conclusion:

Telemedicine has emerged as an immensely useful tool in management of People Living with HIV (PLHIV).
Mixed Epithelial and Stromal Tumor (MEST): Case Report of An Unusual Presentation Causing Diagnostic Dilemma
Authors: Buch Archana , Kulkarni Mayuri , Londhe Mangesh , Kshirsagar Pankaj , Bankar Sanket
Published: April 2024

ABSTRACT

Mixed epithelial and stromal tumor (MEST) are rare tumors of kidney accounting to approximately 0.2 percent of all renal tumors. They have striking female predominance seen in peri-menopausal females. They present as clinically palpable masses hematuria with few being diagnosed incidentally. Most of them are benign with few cases reported with its malignant transformation. We present a case of 41-year-old female who came with the complaints of abnormal uterine bleeding since one and a half years, for which she was further evaluated. Radiology revealed a multiloculated solid-cystic mass lesion in the right kidney with bilateral ovarian cysts which prompted a clinical suspicion of renal neoplasm with metastasis. Right radical nephrectomy revealed a single capsulated solid-cystic tumor. Microscopy was diagnostic of mixed epithelial and stromal tumor (MEST). Due to its rarity, MEST is least suspected clinically. The benign nature of this tumor and its characteristic histopathology leads to accurate diagnosis and appropriate management of patients.
Uniqueness and Hyers–Ulam’s stability for a fractional nonlinear partial integro-differential equation with variable coefficients and a mixed boundary condition
Authors: Li Chenkuan
Published: April 2024

Introducing a pair-parameter matrix Mittag–Leffler function, we study the uniqueness and Hyers–Ulam stability to a new fractional nonlinear partial integro-differential equation with variable coefficients and a mixed boundary condition using Banach’s contractive principle as well as Babenko’s approach in a Banach space. These investigations have serious applications since uniqueness and stability analysis are essential topics in various research fields. The techniques used also work for different types of differential equations with initial or boundary conditions, as well as integral equations. Moreover, we present a Python code to compute approximate values of our newly established pair-parameter matrix Mittag–Leffler functions, which extend the multivariate Mittag–Leffler function. A few examples are given to show applications of the key results obtained.
Case Report: Mixed Airborne Contact Dermatitis–Chronic Actinic Dermatitis Pattern of Parthenium Dermatitis with Response to Tofacitinib Therapy
Authors: Khurana Ananta , Yadav Sheetal , Chanana Kunal , Sardana Kabir , Vidholiya Aakash
Published: April 2024

Parthenium hysterophorus is the commonest cause of plant dermatitis in India. It classically causes airborne contact dermatitis (ABCD), characterized by pruritic, eczematous, and lichenified lesions involving predominantly the face and flexural areas. Over time, however, a transition to chronic actinic dermatitis (CAD) pattern, with prominent involvement of sun-exposed sites, may occur. Management involves strict protective measures and topical and oral corticosteroids or immunomodulatory agents but often leads to only limited success. We report a patient with a chronic and extensive mixed ABCD-CAD pattern of parthenium dermatitis recalcitrant to conventional treatment, with rapid resolution after initiation of treatment with tofacitinib.