bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Ultrasensitive Characterization of Native Bacterial Biofilms via Dynamic Nuclear Polarization‐Enhanced Solid‐State NMR
Authors: Byeon Chang‐Hyeock , Kinney Ted , Saricayir Hakan , Holst Hansen Kasper , Scott Faith J. , Srinivasa Sadhana , Wells Meghan K. , Mentink‐Vigier Frederic , Kim Wook , Akbey Ümit
Published: January 2025

Bacterial biofilms are major contributors to persistent infections and antimicrobial resistance, posing significant challenges to treatment. However, obtaining high‐resolution structural information on native bacterial biofilms has remained elusive due to the methodological limitations associated with analyzing complex biological samples. Solid‐state NMR (ssNMR) has shown promise in this regard, but its conventional application is hindered by sensitivity constraints for unlabeled samples. In this study, we utilized high‐sensitivity Dynamic Nuclear Polarization (DNP) ssNMR to characterize native Pseudomonas fluorescens colony biofilms. The ~75‐fold sensitivity enhancement provided by DNP enabled structural characterization without isotope labeling or chemical/physical modification. We successfully collected 1D 13C/15N, and 2D 1H−13C, 1H−15N and 13C−13C ssNMR spectra within seconds, minutes or hours, facilitating the identification and quantification of biofilm extracellular matrix (ECM) components. Additionally, DNP ssNMR allowed quantitative detection of both flexible and rigid biofilm components by favorable freezing conditions. This study represents the first application of ultrasensitive DNP ssNMR to characterize a native bacterial biofilm, significantly expanding the capabilities of ssNMR for analyzing the composition and structure of a wide array of in vitro and ex vivo biofilms. The versatility of this approach will accelerate structure‐guided efforts to combat infections caused by biofilm‐forming microbes.
Growth‐Based Analyte and Bioanalyte Sensing Applications Using Noble Metal Nanoparticles: Effect of Nanoparticle Growth on the Localized Surface Plasmon Resonance Signal
Authors: Watzky Murielle A. , Ethridge Austin J.
Published: January 2025

Noble metal (gold and silver) nanoparticles have found a range of applications as sensors and biosensors. These applications utilize the nanoparticles’ tunable optical properties within the visible range of the electromagnetic spectrum, which originate from localized surface plasmon resonance. Recent applications have focused on analyte and bioanalyte detection through nanoparticle growth while successfully achieving low detection limits. This review focuses on theoretical and empirical models used to quantify and/or optimize the localized surface plasmon resonance response to nanoparticle growth, with representative examples from the literature. The effect of nanoparticle growth on the localized surface plasmon resonance signal in monometallic nanoparticles, bimetallic core‐shell nanoparticles, and monometallic nanoshells will be discussed, including spherical, spheroidal and non‐spheroidal nanoparticle shapes.
Ferrocene Catalyzed Radical Cascade Cyclization of Aryl 1,6‐Diynes: Access to Cyanoalkylsulfonyl Fluorenes
Authors: Sriram Ajmeera , Mohamathu Ghouse Abuthayir , Murthy Akondi Srirama
Published: January 2025

A ferrocene‐catalyzed cyanoalkylsulfonylative radical cascade cyclization of aryl 1,6‐diynes using cycloketone oxime esters and DABCO.(SO₂)₂ (DABSO) is reported. The reaction proceeds with notable chemo‐ and regioselectivity, without requiring additional oxidants or reductants. Interestingly, the methodology facilitates the formation of an unprecedented dicyanoalkylsulfonylated derivative in the case of electronically deficient aryl 1,6‐diynes. Additionally, this transformation is compatible with substrates derived from drugs and bioactive molecules, highlighting its synthetic utility.
The Global RAdical Cystectomy Evaluation and Management (GRACEM) pathway: single‐centre prospective observational cohort study protocol
Authors: Bernardini Bruno , Piccioni Federico , Pastore Manuele , Casale Paolo , Buffi NicolòMaria , Lughezzani Giovanni , Lazzeri Massimo , Saita Alberto , Fantacci Maria Vittoria , Mancon Stefano , Dagnino Filipo , Contieri Roberto , Brin Pietro , Mancin Stefano , Gobbo Andrea , Martucci Maria Rosaria , Cerina Giovanna , Ghirmai Sara , Lanza Ezio , Goretti Giulia , Guazzoni Giorgio Ferruccio , Hurle Rodolfoi
Published: January 2025

Background

Despite guideline recommendations, few institutions have implemented clinical pathways that incorporate frailty into routine decision‐making for patients undergoing radical cystectomy (RC). This paper presents an integrated clinical pathway designed to address the needs of frail patients undergoing RC. The purpose of the study is to determine whether a multifaceted prevention programme that tailors interventions to the syndromic components of frailty can improve postoperative morbidity and recovery time for patients. New insights will be gained into how to optimize the physical and mental status and quality of life of patients before and after surgery, up to 1 year later.

Study design

The Global RAdical Cystectomy Evaluation and Management (GRACEM) study is a prospective, observational, single‐centre, 2‐year cohort study. Patient enrolment began on 27 April 2023, and results are pending.

Endpoints

The primary endpoints are postoperative morbidity and the in‐hospital postoperative care burden. Postoperative morbidity is measured by the number of early (up to 1 month) and late (over 1 month and up to 12 months) complications, graded by severity according to the Clavien–Dindo classification. In‐hospital postoperative care burden is measured by the number and duration of key care processes as recorded by the Care Process Monitoring Chart, a tool developed for this study. Secondary endpoints are changes in frailty and health‐related quality of life (HRQoL) from pre‐intervention to planned follow‐up up to 1 year. Frailty is assessed with the Functional Limitations and Geriatric Syndromes Frailty Questionnaire (FLIGS‐FQ), another ad hoc tool. HRQoL is assessed using the EQ‐5D‐5L questionnaire combined with the cystectomy‐specific FACT‐Bl‐cys index from the first month of follow‐up.

Patients and methods

The GRACEM study includes patients with non‐metastatic, histologically confirmed, muscle‐infiltrating bladder cancer who underwent RC surgery with curative intent. This study is unique in that the GRACEM Core Team shares decision‐making throughout the pathway, from before the intervention to the end of the patient's follow‐up. The pathway involves the patient, family members and community services.
Novel Variants of IGF2 Gene Are Linked With Neural Tube Defects‐An In Silico to Clinical Approach in West Bengal, India
Authors: Paul Nirvika , Sadhukhan Susanta , Chatterjee Srilagna , Das Anwesha , Munian Dinesh , Ganguly Kausik , Bankura Biswabandhu , Ghosh Krishnendu , Ghosh Sudakshina , Das Madhusudan
Published: January 2025

Background

Neural tube defects (NTDs) are defined as an incomplete closure of the neural tube (NT), with a prevalence of 1.2 per 1000 live births around the world. Methylation of the maternally imprinted gene Insulin‐like growth factor 2 (IGF2) is one of the epigenetic mechanisms that contribute significantly to the development of NTDs. Its important functions are the fetal growth and metabolism, as well as cell division and differentiation.

Objectives

In a couple of studies, individual changes in IGF2 with single nucleotide variants (SNVs) have been found to be linked with NTDs as well as with other diseases. However, there is more need of studying so that we can better understand precisely this mechanism at the molecular level. In this study we tried to investigate the relationship between genetic variants of IGF2 and NT closure by screening all SNVs of IGF2 using both in silico methods and clinical experiments on human samples.

Methods

We enrolled 98 consecutive mothers carrying fetuses with NTDs as cases and 76 age‐matched mothers with healthy babies as controls. Following an in silico analysis of the IGF2 gene, we designed three primers targeting a total of 180 exonic, 579 intronic, and 46 variants in the 3′ untranslated region (3′ UTR) for polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and subsequent sequencing. Statistical analyses were performed to assess associations between these genetic variants and NTDs. Additionally, quantitative real‐time PCR (qRT‐PCR) was conducted to analyze the mRNA expression levels of the target gene.

Results

This is the first study to enlist 11 non‐synonymous variants [rs750845881(D93N), rs1290256492(P87H), rs755066389(P87T), rs150610908(G65D), rs762200142(R64C), rs868067982(G49C), rs778465733(R48L), rs1018841144(R48C), rs1057518115(C33R), rs112276039(C22R), rs1240151267(L16W)] in the regulation of IGF2 gene functions through in silico analysis. Further clinical validation in maternal samples showed a significant association between rs3213225 (C > T) (OR‐2.076; CI‐1.123‐3.840; p‐0.0209) and rs734351 (C > T) (OR‐2.148; CI‐1.167‐3.956; p‐0.0148) with increased disease risk. RNA expression study validated and supported all of these SNVs, indicating a strong correlation with NTD.

Conclusions

Our research strongly suggests that genetic variations in IGF2 may help explain the risk association with NTDs and could be valuable for diagnostic and therapeutic applications.
Perspectives on postbaccalaureate PEERS: Advocacy and empowering communities
Authors: Kao Robert Miintzuoh
Published: January 2025

The impact of Covid‐19 pandemic has dramatically shifted the education landscape between recent college and university graduates and pathways to graduate degrees. In my perspective article, I wish to share the challenges, reflections, and a call‐to‐action framework in ways we can support and advocate for postbaccalaureate persons excluded because of their ethnicity of race, or from a structurally marginalized community or PEERS through the lens of mindfulness, humility, reflection, and deep listening. Through cross‐institutional community network support, culturally responsive mentoring of postbaccalaureate PEERS is one of the key dimensions in empowering communities toward health, environmental, and social justice.
Assessing the Causal Effect of Circulating Protein‐To‐Protein Ratio on the Risk of Morbidity of Hepatocellular Carcinoma
Authors: Yue Qiuyuan , Li Xiaoxia , Wan Xiaoye , Lin Xi , Li Yueming , Zhang Mingwei , Xu Shaohua
Published: January 2025

Objective

Several observational studies have identified an association between plasma proteins and hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). This study aimed to explore the potential causal relationship between the circulating protein‐to‐protein ratio and the morbidity risk of HCC.

Methods

Genetic association data for circulating plasma proteins and 2821 protein‐to‐protein ratios were sourced from the UKB PPP and Suhre's study. Genetic association data for HCC were sourced from the FinnGen cohort (finngen‐R11‐HCC) and the IEU OpenGWAS project (ieu‐b‐4953). Subsequently, a two‐sample Mendelian randomization (MR) and drug‐targeted MR approach were used to evaluate causality associations. To bolster the robustness of our findings, we conducted a series of sensitivity analyses.

Results

Eight protein–protein pairs were identified as causal factors for HCC in the two independent cohorts. For each standard deviation increase in protein–protein pair expression, susceptibility to HCC fluctuated from 0.4974 (95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.2506–0.9871) for the LAT2/SPRY2 protein pair to 1.9763 (95% CI: 1.3009–3.0026) for the ERBIN/LAT2 protein pair. However, among the significant protein pairs, only one circulating protein, TDRKH (odds ratio: 0.5964, 95% CI: 0.4196–0.8476), was causally associated with HCC.

Conclusion

Using multiple datasets and methods, eight protein–protein pairs were identified as having causal associations with HCC. Protein–protein interactions can provide meaningful findings beyond simple pQTL analysis.
Comprehensive Analysis of Elemental and Metabolite Composition in Boraginaceae Species From Türkiye
Authors: Kararenk Ayşe Cemre , Sönmez Hatice Rümeysa , Asgarli Tugay , Tekman Enes , Taeb Dişli Fatma , Yuca Hafize , Yaman Mehmet Emrah , Atila Alptuğ , Çeçen Ömer , Bona Mehmet , Karakaya Songül , Kiliç Ceyda Sibel , Duman Hayri , Güvenalp Zühal
Published: January 2025

Boraginaceae plants, including four endemic species from Türkiye, were analyzed for organic and inorganic compositions using inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP‐MS) and liquid chromatography–mass spectrometry/mass spectrometry (LC–MS/MS) to explore their nutritional, medicinal, and ecological significance. This study examined 18 species, identifying key elements, such as sodium (87 600.359–118 049.272 g/kg), potassium (98 876.885–145 587.899 g/kg), and iron (70 396.436–116 416.076 g/kg), which showed significant variation. Metabolite profiling revealed the presence of alkaloids, flavonoids, and tannins in most samples. Additionally, 42 amino acids and 35 phenolic compounds were detected, with rosmarinic acid and proline being particularly abundant. Rosmarinic acid was most concentrated in Oi and Ml samples, whereas proline levels ranged from 3023.8086 to 7693.8549 nmol/mL. The study highlights the intricate metabolic and elemental profiles of Boraginaceae species, shedding light on their ecological adaptations and therapeutic potentials. Spearman correlation analysis suggested significant relationships among phenolic compounds, amino acids, and elemental compositions, indicating potential applications in nutrition, pharmacology, and biodiversity conservation.
Protocatechuic Acid Improves Alzheimer's Disease by Regulating the Cholinergic Synaptic Signaling Pathway
Authors: Li Siwen , Li Songtao , SEMDE Rasmané , Teng Hongbo , Shi Mengqi , Huang Liang , Lou Xinru , Jia Beining , Zhu Hongyan , Zhao Yan
Published: January 2025

Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a prevalent neurodegenerative disorder characterized by memory decline and cognitive impairments. The clinical treatments for AD have numerous adverse effects; hence, the exploration of natural products for AD therapy is of significant importance. Protocatechuic acid (PA), a natural phenolic acid, has been shown to possess various pharmacological activities, including anti‐inflammatory, antioxidant, and antitumor effects. However, the mechanisms underlying its therapeutic potential for AD remain elusive. This study utilized a β‐amyloid (Aβ) injection into the hippocampus of mice as an AD model and L‐glu‐induced HT‐22 cell neurotoxicity and lipopolysaccharides (LPS)‐induced cellular neuroinflammation models to assess reactive oxygen species (ROS), JC‐1, and relevant biochemical markers. This study examined behavioral, pathological, and inflammatory factors and investigated the molecular mechanisms through transcriptomics, western blot, and molecular docking studies. This study's findings reveal that high‐dose PA (50 mg/kg) improves symptoms in AD mice through the cholinergic synaptic signaling pathway. This study indicates that PA is a potential candidate for AD treatment targeting the cholinergic synaptic signaling pathway, providing a lead compound for AD therapy.
Batch and Continuous Synthesis of Well‐Defined Pt/Al2O3 Catalysts for the Dehydrogenation of Homocyclic LOHCs
Authors: Mahayni Yazan , Maurer Lukas , Baumeister Ina , Auer Franziska , Wasserscheid Peter , Wolf Moritz
Published: January 2025

The controlled synthesis of supported Pt nanoparticles with well‐defined sizes in the range from 1.9 to 6.0 nm and their application in the dehydrogenation of cyclic liquid organic hydrogen carrier (LOHC) molecules are demonstrated. For this purpose, a colloidal approach with a stabilized Pt precursor solution including chemical reduction with aqueous solutions of sodium borohydride (NaBH4) is used. Various synthesis parameters are varied and their effects on the properties of the Pt nanoparticles are studied. Additionally, the nanoparticles are supported on Al2O3 powder and the general suitability of the catalysts for the dehydrogenation of the LOHC perhydro benzyltoluene (H12‐BT) is demonstrated. The synthesis is then transferred from powder to shaped supports. Moreover, upscaling of the synthesis procedure to 50 g of well‐defined catalyst is realized without significant deviations in nanoparticle size but at the expense of a certain activity loss. Finally, a continuous synthesis of Pt/Al2O3 catalysts is implemented using a microfluidic reactor. The small‐scale, large‐scale, and continuous synthesis routes enable the preparation of defined catalysts resulting in a comparable Pt‐based productivity in the dehydrogenation of H12‐BT.
Electrochemical evolution of a metal oxyhydroxide surface on two‐dimensional layered metal phosphorus trisulfides enables the oxidation of amine to nitrile
Authors: Wu Binglan , Harrath Karim , Sendeku Marshet Getaye , Shifa Tofik Ahmed , Huang Yuxin , Tai Jing , Dajan Fekadu Tsegaye , Ibrahim Kassa Belay , Zhan Xueying , Wang Zhenxing , Moretti Elisa , Yang Ying , Wang Fengmei , Vomiero Alberto
Published: January 2025

Selective oxidation of amines to imines through electrocatalysis is an attractive and efficient way for the chemical industry to produce nitrile compounds, but it is limited by the difficulty of designing efficient catalysts and lack of understanding the mechanism of catalysis. Herein, we demonstrate a novel strategy by generation of oxyhydroxide layers on two‐dimensional iron‐doped layered nickel phosphorus trisulfides (Ni1−xFexPS3) during the oxidation of benzylamine (BA). In‐depth structural and surface chemical characterizations during the electrocatalytic process combined with theoretical calculations reveal that Ni(1−x)FexPS3 undergoes surface reconstruction under alkaline conditions to form the metal oxyhydroxide/phosphorus trichalcogenide (NiFeOOH/Ni1−xFexPS3) heterostructure. Interestingly, the generated heterointerface facilitates BA oxidation with a low onset potential of 1.39 V and Faradaic efficiency of 53% for benzonitrile (BN) synthesis. Theoretical calculations further indicate that the as‐formed NiFeOOH/Ni1−xFexPS3 heterostructure could offer optimum free energy for BA adsorption and BN desorption, resulting in promising BN synthesis.
Tetrabutylammonium Chlorite as an Efficient Oxidant for Controlled Oxidation of Sulfides to Sulfoxides
Authors: Itabashi Yuki , Ogata Shuto , Shimada Yusuke , Kondo Minato , Nishiwaki Nagatoshi , Inoue Tsuyoshi , Asahara Haruyasu , Ohkubo Kei
Published: January 2025

Considering the demand for organosulfur materials and the challenges associated with currently used oxidation processes, in this study, we evaluated the counter‐cation of sodium chlorite (Na+ClO2−) with tetrabutylammonium chloride (Bu4N+Cl−) to synthesise tetrabutylammonium chlorite (Bu4N+ClO2−). Bu4N+ClO2− exhibited good solubility in organic solvents like chloroform (5.2 mol L−1) and ethyl acetate (2.8 mol L−1). The oxygenation reaction of organosulfides with Bu4N+ClO2− was examined in an HCl‐acidic ethyl acetate solution under ambient conditions, selectively forming the corresponding sulfoxides as mono‐oxygenated products. The reaction was initiated by the formation of chlorine dioxide (ClO2⋅) as an oxidant and an active species generated from Bu4N+ClO2− with HCl. This oxygenation method also enables the surface oxidation of sulfide polymers like polyphenylene sulfide (PPS) resins to increase their surface hydrophilicity. Therefore, the use of Bu4N+ClO2− for applications in organic solvents is an efficient, and highly selective approach for selective oxidation.
Nucleophilic Functionalization of a Cationic Pentaphosphole Complex–A Systematic Study of Reactivity
Authors: Widmann Maximilian , Riesinger Christoph , Timoshkin Alexey Y. , Blank Philip M. , Scheer Manfred
Published: January 2025

The systematic nucleophilic functionalization of the cationic pentaphosphole ligand complex [Cp*Fe(η4‐P5Me)][OTf] (A) with group 16/17 nucleophiles is reported. This method represents a highly reliable and versatile strategy for the design of novel transition‐metal complexes featuring twofold substituted end‐deck cyclo‐P5 ligands, bearing unprecedented hetero‐element substituents. By the reaction of A with classical group 16 nucleophiles, complexes of the type [Cp*Fe(η4‐P5MeE)] (E=OEt (1), OtBu (2), SPh (3), SePh (4)) are obtained. By transferring this protocol to group 17 nucleophiles, the highly sensitive complexes [Cp*FeP5(η4‐P5MeX)] (X=F (5), Cl (6), Br (7), I (8)) could be isolated. All products show exclusively 1,1'‐substitution at the cyclo‐P5 ring. Interestingly, further studies on the reactivity of the halogenated species revealed their ability to undergo ring‐opening reactions with cyclic ethers such as THF and ethylene oxide yielding [Cp*FeP5(η4‐P5MeOC4H8X)] (X=Br (9), I (10)) or [Cp*FeP5(η4‐P5MeOC2H4X)] (X=Br (11), I (12)), respectively. Furthermore, the use of acyclic ethers such as dimethoxyethane led to the formation of [Cp*FeP5(η4‐P5MeOC2H4OCH3)] (13) mediated by C−O bond cleavage, followed by subsequent P−O bond formation, as further enlightened by DFT calculations.
Demonstration of Major Therapeutic Advantage From a Review of EU Conditional Marketing Authorizations in Oncology and Hematology
Authors: Lasch Florian , Carvalho Joana R. B. , Pothet Caroline
Published: January 2025

In the EU, conditional marketing authorization is a pragmatic tool for early approval of a medicine that fulfills an unmet medical need. In the pharmaceutical legislation, an unmet medical need means that a condition lacks a satisfactory method for diagnosis, prevention, or treatment. If such satisfactory methods exist, the new medicinal product must hold a major therapeutic advantage for those affected, meaning that it must demonstrate an improvement in efficacy or safety over existing methods or, in exceptional cases, a major improvement in patient care. This review evaluates the approaches taken to justify a major therapeutic advantage in oncology and hematology products recommended for approval between 2006 and 2023. The review confirmed an increase in the number of conditional marketing authorizations over time. Out of a total of 65 CMAs, a satisfactory treatment method was available for 40 cases (61.5%), thereby requiring a demonstration of major therapeutic advantage to fulfill the unmet medical need requirement. Satisfactory treatments existed more often for the more recently approved medicinal products. Qualitative arguments and quantitative comparisons were common to demonstrate meaningful improvement in efficacy or safety. In the absence of head‐to‐head trials, indirect comparisons were often used. Most quantitative comparisons used naïve side‐by‐side comparisons, lacking adjustments for trial differences or quantification of uncertainty. Regulatory guidance on indirect comparisons and data requirements may be helpful to support applicants and assessors in making available promising medicines early that fulfill an unmet medical need and continue to meet rigorous efficacy and safety standards pending availability of comprehensive data post‐approval.
Room‐Temperature Vortex Fluidic Flow Chemistry Synthesis of Full Color Carbon Dots
Authors: Chen Dechao , Usman Zia Muhammad , Alharbi Thaar M. D. , Harmer Jeffrey R. , Raston Colin L. , Li Qin
Published: January 2025

Carbon dots (CDs) as a new class of photoluminescent zero‐dimension carbon nanoparticles have attracted significant research interests owing to their extraordinary opto‐electro‐properties and biocompatibility. So far, almost all syntheses of CDs require either heat treatment or exertion of high energy fields. Herein, a scalable room‐temperature vortex fluidic method is introduced to the CDs synthesis using the angled vortex fluidic device (VFD). By judicious selection of the solvent, typical CDs precursor of phenylenediamine has been converted into high crystalline CDs through VFD processing. The VFD‐synthesized CDs cover the full color spectrum from blue to red with the highest quantum yield of 45.6 %. The synthesis shows that the dynamic thin liquid film generated by VFD spun at high rotational speed (7–9 k RPM) is able to induce cycloaddition reactions. The new method for CD synthesis is facile, occurring under ambient conditions in the VFD, potentially offering industrial scaling up of production of full color carbon dots.
Metasurface Equipped Circularly Polarized Two‐Port Filtering Dielectric Reasonator Antenna for 2.5/2.6 GHz Band
Authors: Yadav Abhimanyu , Sharma Saurabh , Sigroha Deepak , Sharma Anand
Published: January 2025

This article presents the design and analysis of a dual‐port Al₂O₃‐based filtering antenna, commonly called a Filtenna. The feeding structure of the proposed Filtenna is engineered to generate two radiation nulls within the cylindrical ceramic. The initial single‐port Filtenna design is subsequently modified into a dual‐port configuration. A metasurface is introduced above the dual‐port radiator to enhance performance, enabling the conversion of linear waves into circularly polarized waves. Both experimental and simulation results show a strong agreement, confirming that the developed radiator operates efficiently within the 2.43–2.65 GHz frequency range with a mutual coupling level less than −25 dB. The final design, incorporating the metasurface, achieves a realized gain of 7.5 dBi, while also exhibiting an axial ratio within the frequency range 2.45–2.55 GHz. Outside of the targeted frequency range, the antenna's gain drops significantly, falling below −15 dB on the lower side and −17 dB on the upper side of the band. This makes the aerial design appropriate for WiMAX application.
Reactions of Binary Nitrides in Liquid Hydrogen Fluoride and the First Calcium Oxidofluoridometallate of a Group Six Element Ca[Mo2O2F9]2 ⋅ HF
Authors: Wassermann Tobias B. , Link Lukas , Niewa Rainer , Karttunen Antti J. , Kraus Florian
Published: January 2025

The reactions of the nitrides Mg3N2, Ca3N2, BN, Si3N4 and Mo2N with anhydrous liquid HF (aHF) were investigated at 20 and 80 °C. While BN, Si3N4, and Mo2N did not react under these conditions, Mg3N2 and Ca3N2 were converted to MgF2 and CaF2. In the reaction of Ca3N2 with MoF6 in aHF, adventitious moisture that diffused through the walls of the reaction vessel led to the formation of the compound Ca[Mo2O2F9]2 ⋅ HF. We then discovered that it can also be made directly from the reaction of CaCl2 with MoOF4 in aHF. The compound was characterized by single crystal and powder X‐ray diffraction and quantum‐chemical calculations on the solid allowed for the assignment of the IR and Raman bands.
A Review of Supercritical Carbon Dioxide Heat Transfer and Flow Properties in Pipes
Authors: Wang Zhigang , Wang Du , Ren Xin , Xue Mujie , Wang Tingju , Wan Mingyuan , Wang Yucheng , Wang Hao
Published: January 2025

Supercritical carbon dioxide (s‐CO2) has the characteristics of highly efficient and has been used in the engineering field. This article reviews the research progress on the heat transfer and flow properies in s‐CO2 tubes. To obtain the most accurate heat transfer and friction factor correlations, new correlations derived from experimental data are proposed, and the accuracy of the published correlations is assessed in conjunction with the experimental data. The results show how important variables such as mass flow, inlet temperature, and tube size relate to the properties of pressure drop and heat transfer in pipes that use s‐CO2 as the work material. The D‐M‐2011 heat transfer correlation had the highest accuracy, with 62.57% of the data having a relative deviation of less than ±20%, and the Wang‐2014 friction factor correlation had the highest accuracy, with 72.91% of the data having a relative deviation of less than ±20%. Considering the dimensionless number correction and segmented function correction to improve the correlation, 82.41% of the data in the new heat transfer correlation have a relative deviation less than ±20% and 83.53% of the data in the new friction factor correlation have a relative deviation less than ±20%.
Attentive Dual Residual Generative Adversarial Network for Energy‐Aware Routing Through Golden Search Optimization Algorithm in Wireless Sensor Network Utilizing Cluster Head Selection
Authors: Ravikumar K. , Mathivanan M. , Muruganandham A. , Raja L.
Published: January 2025

Wireless Sensor Networks (WSNs) are extensively used in event monitoring and tracking, particularly in scenarios that require minimal human intervention. However, a key challenge in WSNs is the short lifespan of sensor nodes (SN), as continuous sensing leads to rapid battery depletion. In high‐traffic areas, sensors located near the sink node exhaust their energy quickly, creating an energy‐hole issue. As a result, optimizing energy usage is a significant challenge for WSN‐assisted applications. To address this, this paper proposes an Energy‐aware Routing and Cluster Head Selection in Wireless Sensor Network through an Attentive Dual Residual Generative Adversarial Network for Golden Search Optimization Algorithm in Wireless Sensor Network (EAR‐WSN‐ADRGAN‐GSOA). This method involves selecting the Cluster Head (CH) using Attentive Dual Residual Generative Adversarial Network (ADRGAN), minimizing energy consumption, and reducing a number of dead sensor nodes. Subsequently, Golden Search Optimization Algorithm (GSOA) is employed to determine an optimal path for data transmission to the sink node, maximizing energy efficiency, and elongating sensor node lifespan. The proposed EAR‐WSN‐ADRGAN‐GSOA method is simulated in MATLAB. The performance metrics, such as network lifetime, number of alive nodes, number of dead nodes, throughput, energy consumption, and packet delivery ratio is examined. The proposed EAR‐WSN‐ADRGAN‐GSOA demonstrates improved performance, achieving a higher average throughput of 0.93 Mbps, and lower average energy consumption of 0.39 mJ compared with the existing methods. These improvements have significant real‐world implications for enhancing the efficiency and longevity of WSNs in applications, such as environmental monitoring, smart cities, and industrial automation.
Novel Genes Associated With Working Memory Are Identified by Combining Connectome, Transcriptome, and Genome
Authors: Zhao Xiaoyu , Yin Ruochen , Chen Chuansheng , Markett Sebastian , Wang Xinrui , Xue Gui , Dong Qi , Chen Chunhui
Published: January 2025

Working memory (WM) plays a crucial role in human cognition. Previous candidate and genome‐wide association studies have reported many genetic variations associated with WM. However, little research has examined genetic basis of WM by using transcriptome, even though it reflects gene function more directly than does the genome. Here we propose a new approach to exploring the genetic mechanisms of WM by integrating connectome, transcriptome, and genome data in a high‐quality dataset comprising 481 Chinese healthy adults. First, relevance vector regression was used to define WM‐related brain regions. Second, genes differentially expressed within these regions were identified using the Allen Human Brain Atlas (AHBA) dataset. Finally, two independent datasets were used to validate these genes' contributions to WM. With this method, we identified 24 novel genes and 20 of them were confirmed in the large‐scale datasets of ABCD and UK Biobank. These novel genes were enriched in the cellular component of collagen‐containing extracellular matrix and the CCL18 signaling pathway. Our method offers an effective approach to integrating multimodal gene discovery and demonstrates the superiority of expression data. This new method and the newly identified genes deserve more attention in the future.
The Process of Translation and Cross‐Cultural Adaptation of Functional Assessment Tools for Dementia: A Systematized Review
Authors: O'Donald Freddie , Calia Clara
Published: January 2025

Background and Aims

A decline in function related to impairment in cognitive abilities is required for diagnosing dementia. Cultural diversity influences everyday functioning, suggesting that functional assessment tools need to be culturally dependent. Therefore, this systematized review aimed to explore the translation and cross‐cultural adaptation of functional assessment tools designed to support dementia diagnosis.

Methods

A systematic search of five electronic databases (CINAHL Plus, EMBASE, PubMed/MEDLINE, PsycINFO) was conducted from inception until September 2023. Quality assessment criteria were then utilized to evaluate the process of cross‐cultural adaptation and psychometric properties of identified functional assessment tools.

Results

Fifteen studies relating to adapted functional assessment tools in 11 languages were identified. It was found that less than half of these studies fully adhered to established guidelines for the translation and cross‐cultural adaptation of instruments. Regarding psychometric properties, while the internal consistency and reliability of included measures were generally strong, there was variability in evaluating other psychometric properties, notably structural validity, measurement error, and cross‐cultural validity.

Conclusions

This review underscores the need for researchers and clinicians to follow standardized guidelines for translating and cross‐culturally adapting functional assessment tools for dementia and ensuring the comprehensive evaluation of psychometric properties in cross‐cultural settings. Researchers and clinicians should consider whether the psychometric properties and characteristics of an adapted functional activity measure are suitable for use in their population of interest.
Microgravity and Cardiovascular Health in Astronauts: A Narrative Review
Authors: Azariah John , Terranova Umberto
Published: January 2025

Background

Space exploration has become a major interest for scientific and medical research. With increasing duration and frequency of manned space missions, it is crucial to understand the impact of microgravity on the cardiovascular health of astronauts. We focus on this relationship by reviewing literature that explores how microgravity affects several hemodynamic parameters and cardiovascular biomarkers.

Methods

We conducted a search updated to November 2024 across several databases, including PubMed, Cochrane Library, ESA, NASA and DLR, using relevant MeSH terms and selection criteria.

Results

The 22 selected articles detail how microgravity impacts the cardiovascular system and its adaptations. We identify some clear patterns, such as loss of ventricular mass and increased QT intervals (corrected for heart rate) indicating increased risk of arrhythmias. Our analysis confirms that head‐down tilt is an accurate analog of microgravity.

Conclusions

While a direct link between microgravity and cardiovascular disease, such as coronary heart disease and myocardial infarction, remains elusive, the documented physiological changes pose a potential threat to the astronauts' health. We suggest that future research focus on long‐term effects, particularly on female subjects.
Attitude to RSV Vaccination Among a Cohort of Pregnant Women in Jordan: A Cross‐Sectional Survey Study
Authors: Sallam Malik , Kherfan Tleen , Al‐Farajat Amwaj , Nemrawi Leen , Atawneh Nada , Fram Rand , Al‐Tammemi Ala'a B. , Barakat Muna , Fram Kamil
Published: January 2025

Background and Aims

The recently approved maternal vaccination against respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) can reduce its burden among infants. However, vaccine hesitancy/resistance can undermine the beneficial impact of RSV vaccination. The aim of this study was to assess the willingness of pregnant women in Jordan to receive RSV vaccination and its associated determinants.

Methods

Face‐to‐face interviews were conducted in obstetrics/gynecology clinics in the Central, Northern, and Southern regions of Jordan during January–February 2024, using a convenience sampling approach. Attitude to RSV vaccination was assessed using the previously validated ABCDEF scale.

Results

A total of 404 pregnant women participated in the study with a mean age of 30.1 ± 6.2 years. A majority of the participants showed willingness to receive RSV vaccination (n = 313, 77.5%), with hesitancy among 25 participants (6.2%), and resistance among 66 participants (16.3%). Variables that were significantly associated with a higher RSV vaccine acceptance in multivariate analysis were: age < 30 years (adjusted odds ratio (aOR): 2.45, p = 0.010), undergraduates (aOR: 3.27, p = 0.026), being a healthcare worker (aOR: 4.50, p = 0.036), and the history of previous COVID‐19/influenza vaccine uptake (aOR: 2.47, p = 0.045). Two out of the six ABCDEF constructs were significantly associated with RSV vaccine acceptance, namely the “Advice” construct (aOR: 10.38, p < 0.001) and the “Fear” construct (aOR: 21.49, p < 0.001).

Conclusion

This study highlighted the complex nature of attitude towards maternal RSV vaccination among pregnant women. The study showed the role of demographic variables, prior vaccination experience, trust in credible health institutions and vaccine safety, and the fear of RSV disease consequences in infants in shaping maternal attitude to RSV vaccination. Addressing these factors can help to effectively promote RSV vaccine uptake among pregnant women, subsequently helping to protect infants from the significant RSV disease burden.
Analysis of Entropy Generation Within Coaxial Cylinder on MHD Free Convective Flow Due to Nonlinear Thermal Radiation in an Isothermal/Isoflux Condition
Authors: Yabo Isah Bala , Dogondaji Abubakar Zainab , Halima Usman , Muhammad Mamuda
Published: January 2025

This study delves into entropy generation analysis within a coaxial cylinder containing an electrically viscous conducting fluid. Both cylinders have porous exteriors and are subjected to heat, with the outer cylinder being cooled. A combination of radial transverse magnetic field and velocity slip is applied. The analysis utilizes the thermal Rosseland diffusion approximation to describe radiative heat flux. The objective is to scrutinize entropy generation and the impact of isothermal and isoflux conditions on heat transfer due to nonlinear thermal radiation in a vertical coaxial cylinder. Steady and unsteady‐state solutions are obtained through regular perturbation and implicit finite difference methods, respectively. The results indicate that the Suction parameter reduces fluid velocity, temperature, and skin friction in both the isothermal and isoflux conditions. Magnetic parameters reduce velocity, while Grashop number, injection, and radiation parameters increase velocity and entropy, especially under isothermal conditions. Overall, the results align well with existing literature.
Numerical Enhancement of Forced Convection Heat Transfer Characteristics for Skewed Wavy Channel Partially Inserted With Copper Metal Foam
Authors: Mohammed Nooralhuda A. , Khudhur Dhamyaa S.
Published: January 2025

In this paper, the convective heat transfer (HT) and airflow characteristics are numerically examined for skewed wavy rectangular channels inserted partially with copper metal foam. Calculations were performed using ANSYS Fluent 19.2 at the airflow with a laminar range of Reynolds number from 700 to 1700. The thermohydraulic performance (THP), friction factor (f), and average Nusselt number (Nuavg) variation with Re for foam heights of hmf = 0.2–0.3H and foam pore densities of 10, 20, 30 and 40 pores per inch (PPI) have been examined for the tested channels. The results indicated that partial metal foam inserts enhance temperature distribution and increase the HT rate inside the channel due to the large HT surface area, high‐thermal conductivity of copper, and increased flow resistance, which increases the velocity of the fluid passing through the heat exchange system. Also, increasing hmf, PPI, and Re improves the HT rate in the channel, leading to an increase in both Nuavg and f due to decreased permeability. In addition, under constant hmf conditions, the THP exhibited a rise when the PPI and Re increased. Furthermore, at constant PPI and Re, the THP value lowers when the hmf grows due high increase in flow restriction. At hmf = 0.2H, 40 PPI, and Re = 1700, the THP reaches a maximum value of 1.51.
Highly sensitive multicolor uncooled photoresponse and imaging based on symmetry breaking heterojunction
Authors: Liu Liuping , Ni Sheng , Zhu Fengyi , Zhu Yuling , Liu Changlong , Zhang Xutao , Zhu He , Zhang Jiazhen , Zhang Donghai , Pan Changyi , Han Li , Tang Weiwei , Li Guanhai , Shu Haibo , Chen Xiaoshuang
Published: January 2025

Multicolor photodetection, essential for applications in infrared imaging, environmental monitoring, and spectral analysis, is often limited by the narrow bandgaps of conventional materials, which struggle with speed, sensitivity, and room‐temperature operation. We address these issues with a multicolor uncooled photodetector based on an asymmetric Au/SnS/Gr vertical heterojunction with inversion‐symmetry breaking. This design utilizes the complementary bandgaps of SnS and graphene to enhance the efficiency of carriers' transport through consistently oriented built‐in electric fields, achieving significant advancements in directional photoresponse. The device demonstrates highly sensitive photoelectric detection performance, such as a responsivity (R) of 55.4–89.7 A W–1 with rapid response times of approximately 104 μs, and exceptional detectivity (D*) of 2.38 × 1010 Jones ~8.19 × 1013 Jones from visible (520 nm) to infrared (2000 nm) light, making it suitable for applications demanding an imaging resolution of ~0.5 mm. Additionally, the comparative analysis reveals that the asymmetric vertical heterojunction outperforms its counterparts, exhibiting approximately 9‐fold the photoresponse of symmetric vertical heterojunction and almost 100‐fold that of symmetric horizontal heterojunction. This highly sensitive multicolor detector holds significant promise for applications in advanced versatile object detection and imaging recognition systems.

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Ion‐imprinted chelating resin for targeted adsorption of lanthanum ions: synthesis, characterization, and application
Authors: Alnoman Rua B
Published: January 2025

BACKGROUND

Lanthanum ions (La3+) are of great importance in many applications, so development of effective sorbents for selective recovery of La3+ is urgently required. In this work, an ion‐imprinted polymeric sorbent of La‐RSPY with secondary amine, phenolic, and pyridyl groups was synthesized through a Schiff base reaction between 4‐aminoresorcinol and pyridine‐2‐carboxaldehyde, followed by reduction, La3+ complexation, and base‐catalyzed polymerization with resorcinol/formaldehyde.

RESULTS

La‐RSPY showed impressive selectivity to La3+ from competitive ions like Gd3+, Ru3+, Pr3+, Eu3+, Nd3+, Cd2+, Zn2+, and Cu2+ in mixed‐ion systems with an adsorption capacity of 200 ± 1 mg g−1. Its adsorption behavior was successfully modeled using the Sips isotherm, while the pseudo‐second‐order kinetics further confirmed the efficiency of the process. Spectroscopic analysis using NMR, FTIR, and SEM also confirmed that the integrity of the sorbent was unaffected. Such better performance is due to the CN, NH, and OH groups that give rise to stable La3+ complexes and imprinted spatial configurations tailored for La3+ binding.

CONCLUSION

La‐RSPY has great promise for applications in analytical chemistry, food safety, wastewater treatment, and environmental remediation. Scaling up synthesis, optimizing processes, and collaboration with industries specializing in rare earth recovery or water treatment would increase its practical deployment and widen its commercial circle. © 2025 Society of Chemical Industry (SCI).
Fist‐sized aerial volumetric display with femtosecond laser drawing
Authors: Kumagai Kota , Mori Tatsuki , Hayasaki Yoshio
Published: January 2025

Images drawn in the air will be effective for the projection of a person or an avatar in telecommunication and man–machine communication. Direct drawing with femtosecond laser pulses can generate images anywhere without any special materials; therefore, there are fewer restrictions on image display location. The biggest challenge in research and development is to increase the display size. To increase the display size, it is necessary to make the objective lens have a longer focal length (lower numerical aperture), but increasing the focal length is accompanied by a decrease in excitation efficiency due to an increase in the focused size. Therefore, by measuring the luminous intensity and luminous size using lenses with several focal lengths, the possibility of realizing a display with a centimeter‐sized (fist‐sized) volume using a lens with a focal length of 100 mm was found. By reconstructing the optical system of the aerial volumetric display using a lens with a focal length of 100 mm, a drawing range of 68 mm on average in the lateral direction and 42 mm in the axial direction was achieved.
Low half‐wave‐voltage and high‐bandwidth thin‐film lithium niobate electro‐optic modulator
Authors: Zhao Guanbao , Xiao Jinbiao
Published: January 2025

Hybrid silicon and lithium niobate (LN) photonic integration platform has emerged as a promising candidate to combine the scalability of silicon photonic with the high modulation performance of LN. With the rapid development of virtual reality, data communication, and high‐definition video, the core optical modulator has been upgraded to ultrahigh‐bandwidth (BW) and low half‐wave voltage (). Low and high‐BW LN modulators have been demonstrated, with applications ranging from microwave photonics to quantum interfaces. However, due to the simulation design, material selection, and preparation process, the values of BW and voltage are not satisfactory, whose of 2.2 V and BW of 67 GHz indicators are not excellent. We successfully prepared monolithically integrated TFLNM that feature a CMOS‐compatible bias voltage, support data rates up to 110 GHz and half‐wave‐voltage down to 2 V. We achieve this by designing high BW and low voltage, high‐quality preparation, advanced testing, and characterization platform. Notably, the results from physical objects align closely with those from Lumerical INTERCONNECT simulations. Overall, our study has almost doubled the BW of TFLNM reported so far, and has decreased from 2.2 to 2 V.
Posterior Ligamentum Complex Preservation Alleviate ASD‐Related Biomechanical Deterioration in Lumbar Interbody Fusion Models: A Finite Element Analysis
Authors: He Lipeng , Zhu Tingchen , Cai Weiye , Yang Wenhao , Chen Zan , Li Jingchi
Published: January 2025

Background

There are differences in the extent of excision of articular processes, spinal processes and posterior ligamentum complexes (PLC) for posterior approach lumbar interbody fusion. Given that the biomechanical significance of these structures has been verified and that deterioration of the biomechanical environment is the main trigger for complications in both fused and adjacent motion segments, changes in decompression ranges may affect the potential risk of adjacent segmental disease (ASD) biomechanically; however, this topic has yet to be identified.

Methods

Posterior lumbar interbody fusion (PLIF) with different decompression strategies was simulated in a well‐validated lumbosacral model. The excision and preservation of the cranial motion of the segmental PLC and the lateral articular process in the fusion segment were simulated in this model. The stress distribution in the cranial motion segment was computed under different loading conditions to determine the potential risk of ASD.

Results

Compared to complete bilateral articular process excision, preservation of the lateral two‐thirds of the articular process did not alleviate stress concentration on the cranial motion segment both in PLC preserved and excised models. In contrast, preservation of the cranial segmental PLC can obviously alleviate the stress concentration tendency of the cranial intervertebral disc under flexion loading conditions.

Conclusion

Preservation of the lateral parts of the articular process cannot optimize the biomechanical environment, in contrast, PLC preservation can effectively alleviate ASD related biomechanical deterioration of the cranium segment.