bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
TOI-1468: A system of two transiting planets, a super-Earth and a mini-Neptune, on opposite sides of the radius valley
Authors: Chaturvedi P. , Bluhm P. , Nagel E. , Hatzes A. P. , Morello G. , Brady M. , Korth J. , Molaverdikhani K. , Kossakowski D. , Caballero J. A. , Guenther E. W. , Pallé E. , Espinoza N. , Seifahrt A. , Lodieu N. , Cifuentes C. , Furlan E. , Amado P. J. , Barclay T. , Bean J. , Béjar V. J. S. , Bergond G. , Boyle A. W. , Ciardi D. , Collins K. A. , Collins K. I. , Esparza-Borges E. , Fukui A. , Gnilka C. L. , Goeke R. , Guerra P. , Henning Th. , Herrero E. , Howell S. B. , Jeffers S. V. , Jenkins J. M. , Jensen E. L. N. , Kasper D. , Kodama T. , Latham D. W. , López-González M. J. , Luque R. , Montes D. , Morales J. C. , Mori M. , Murgas F. , Narita N. , Nowak G. , Parviainen H. , Passegger V. M. , Quirrenbach A. , Reffert S. , Reiners A. , Ribas I. , Ricker G. R. , Rodriguez E. , Rodríguez-López C. , Schlecker M. , Schwarz R. P. , Schweitzer A. , Seager S. , Stefánsson G. , Stockdale C. , Tal-Or L. , Twicken J. D. , Vanaverbeke S. , Wang G. , Watanabe D. , Winn J. N. , Zechmeister M.
Published: August 2022

We report the discovery and characterization of two small transiting planets orbiting the bright M3.0V star TOI-1468 (LSPM J0106+1913), whose transit signals were detected in the photometric time series in three sectors of the TESS mission. We confirm the planetary nature of both of them using precise radial velocity measurements from the CARMENES and MAROON-X spectrographs, and supplement them with ground-based transit photometry. A joint analysis of all these data reveals that the shorter-period planet, TOI-1468 b (Pb = 1.88 d), has a planetary mass of Mb = 3.21 ± 0.24M⊕ and a radius of Rb = 1.280−0.039+0.038 R⊕, resulting in a density of ρb = 8.39−0.92+1.05 g cm−3, which is consistent with a mostly rocky composition. For the outer planet, TOI-1468 c (Pc = 15.53 d), we derive a mass of Mc = 6.64−0.68+0.67 M⊕,aradius of Rc = 2.06 ± 0.04 R⊕, and a bulk density of ρc = 2.00−0.19+0.21 g cm−3, which corresponds to a rocky core composition with a H/He gas envelope. These planets are located on opposite sides of the radius valley, making our system an interesting discovery as there are only a handful of other systems with the same properties. This discovery can further help determine a more precise location of the radius valley for small planets around M dwarfs and, therefore, shed more light on planet formation and evolution scenarios.
Adipositas im Kindesalter – Ergebnisse einer empirischen
Untersuchung in Greifswald
Authors: Boshkov Vlatko , Schmitz Mia , Scheer Dirk , Schiel Ralf , Fleßa Steffen
Published: August 2022

Zielsetzung Übergewicht und Adipositas von Kindern stellt ein
schwerwiegendes Gesundheitsproblem dar. In der Literatur werden
Übergewicht und Adipositas von Kindern häufig mit niedrigem
sozioökonomischen Status (SES) und Migrationshintergrund
begründet, so dass Präventionsprogramm sich auf diese
Zielgruppen konzentrieren können.

Methodik In Kindergärten und Horts in der Stadt Greifswald wurden
250 Kinder zufällig ausgewählt und in die Studie einbezogen. Mit
Hilfe von getrennten Fragebögen der Eltern und Kinder, die durch eine
Treuhandstelle unter Wahrung der Anonymität zusammengeführt
wurden, wurde für jedes Kind der SES, die Gewichtskategorie, der
Migrationshintergrund sowie das Ess- und Freizeitverhalten erhoben. SES und
andere Variablen wurden mit der Gewichtskategorie assoziiert.

Ergebnisse Die Prävalenz von Übergewicht und Adipositas ist
insbesondere um die Einschulung herum besonders hoch. Weder Einkommen noch
Bildung oder Migrationshintergrund sind signifikant mit der Gewichtskategorie
verbunden. Lediglich der Berufsstatus der Eltern ermöglicht eine
verlässliche Aussage über das Gewicht der Kinder. Der
Zusammenhang von Ess- bzw. Freizeitverhalten und Gewicht ist hingegen
erwartungsgemäß.

Schlussfolgerung Auf Grundlage dieser Analysen lässt sich keine
spezifische Zielgruppe festlegen, auf die ein zielgerichtetes
Präventionsprogramm ausgelegt sein könnte. Vielmehr erscheint es
wichtig, im 6. und 7. Lebensjahr das Ess- und Freizeitverhalten besonders zu
beachten, insbesondere in der ersten Schulklasse. Die besondere Situation in der
kleinen Universitätsstadt Greifswald mit vergleichsweise vielen
Gastwissenschaftler*innen und ausländischen Studierenden
könnte erklären, warum der Migrationshintergrund hier keine
Rolle in der Erklärung des Gewichtes der Kinder spielt.
SO2-Extrusive 1,4-(Het)Aryl Migration: Synthesis of α-Aryl Amides and Related Reactions
Authors: Guérinot Amandine , Cossy Janine , G.-Simonian Nicolas
Published: August 2022

(Het)aryl migration has emerged as a key synthetic tool and has particularly been exploited for the synthesis of α-aryl amides. This method overcomes the existing α-arylation methods, which are not always compatible with the introduction of (het)aryl groups possessing bulky or electrophilic substituents. This review focuses on SO2-extrusive (het)aryl migration in the frame of α-aryl amide synthesis. Anion- and radical-mediated transformations are reported, including the synthesis of polycyclic compounds through cascade reactions.

1 Introduction

2 Anionic Aryl Migration

3 Radical Aryl Migration

4 Conclusion
Management and Outcomes in Gastric Volvulus: A Tiered Approach
Authors: Askari Alan , Tezcan Egemen , Patel Krashna , Adil Md Tanveer , Munasinghe Aruna , Al-Taan Omer , Jain Vigyan , Jambulingam Periyathambi , Rashid Farhan
Published: August 2022

Introduction Gastric volvulus is a rare yet life-threatening condition requiring urgent attention. In this case series and literature review, we present the difficulties in management and outcome in patients with gastric volvulus and suggest a tiered framework to guide management. All consecutive cases at a single institution presenting between January 1, 2010, and June 30, 2020, were included. Chi-squared analyses were undertaken to compare outcomes across different groups. A total of 48 patients presented with gastric volvulus; the median age was 78 years (interquartile range [IQR]: 69–84) and 70.8% were female. Most patients had an ASA score of III (n = 19/48, 39.6%) or IV (n = 14/48, 29.2%). In total, 62.5% (n = 30/48) underwent laparoscopic surgery and mesh was used in 40.0%. Eighteen patients (37.5%) were not suitable candidates for surgery or declined surgery. The median length of stay in those undergoing surgery was 4 days (IQR: 2–6). The complication rate in this cohort was 26.7% (n = 8/30). Of these eight patients, four had postoperative nausea, and four others suffered from pneumothorax, wound hematoma, intra-abdominal bleeding, or intra-abdominal collection. The patient who had a serious intra-abdominal bleed returned to operating room and required blood transfusions on day 1 postsurgery. The readmission rate in the surgery group was 6.6% (n = 2/30), both of who had prolonged nausea and were treated symptomatically. The overall 30-day morality in the surgical group was 3.3%. Over a follow-up period of 37 months, 10.0% had a recurrence of hernia, all of who were managed conservatively. Gastric volvulus is a surgical emergency that is associated with a high rate of morbidity and mortality. A tiered treatment algorithm based on urgency can help deliver timely treatment and standardize care. One in 10 patients post–gastric volvulus repair will have recurrence of para-oesophageal hernia but can be treated conservatively.
Distal Posterior Cerebral Artery Ruptured Aneurysm: A Rare Case Report and Review of Literature
Authors: Kasapas Konstantinos , Malli Antonia , Charitos Dimitrios , Georgakoulias Nikolaos
Published: August 2022

Distal posterior cerebral artery aneurysms consist of a rare vascular entity whose treatment approach remains challenging. Few studies exist scarcely in the literature reporting cases of P4 ruptured aneurysms. In this study, we present the case of a 49-year-old female patient who was admitted to our Neurosurgery Department with the World Federation of Neurological Surgeons grade IV, Fischer grade IV subarachnoid hemorrhage due to a right distal posterior cerebral artery aneurysm. She successfully underwent surgery via a posterior occipital interhemispheric approach. The patient recovered well from surgery, and the following days, she was successfully extubated and had a significant neurological improvement. However, she died during her rehabilitation due to sepsis and severe acute respiratory distress syndrome.
PMMA Cranioplasty Making by Using Оpen-Source CAD Software, PLA Printers, and Silicone Rubber Molds: Technical Note with Two Illustrative Cases
Authors: Malikov Azad , Secen Ahmet Eren , Ocal Ozgur , Divanlioglu Denizhan
Published: August 2022

In this technical report, we discuss the design and production of polymethyl methacrylate (PMMA) implants, which we successfully applied in two patients using silicone molds, and a retrospective review of these patients at 1- and 6-month intervals. By using open-source computer-assisted design software, three-dimensional printers, and the patient's thin-sliced computed tomography data, we designed and produced the implant template and used it to make silicone rubber mоlds for intraoperative PMMA casting with good results. As a negative of the implant, we created a silicon mold, which can be autoclaved.

Two patients underwent PMMA cranioplasty using this method. Both implants were fitted into the defect without manipulation and good aesthetic аppеаrance of all patients was achieved. At follow-up 1 and 6 months after the operation, no complication was noted and the patients tolerated the cranioplasty platе wеll.
Impact of Intraoperative Magnetic Resonance Imaging (i-MRI) on Surgeon Decision Making and Clinical Outcomes in Cranial Tumor Surgery
Authors: Bunyaratavej Krishnapundha , Siwanuwatn Rungsak , Tuchinda Lawan , Wangsawatwong Piyanat
Published: August 2022

Background Although intraoperative magnetic resonance imaging (iMRI) has an established role in guiding intraoperative extent of resection (EOR) in cranial tumor surgery, the details of how iMRI data are used by the surgeon in the real-time decision-making process is lacking.

Materials and Methods The authors retrospectively reviewed 40 consecutive patients who underwent cranial tumor resection with the guidance of iMRI. The tumor volumes were measured by volumetric software. Intraoperative and postoperative EOR were calculated and compared. Surgeon preoperative EOR intention, intraoperative EOR assessment, and how iMRI data impacted surgeon decisions were analyzed.

Results The pathology consisted of 29 gliomas, 8 pituitary tumors, and 3 other tumors. Preoperative surgeon intention called for gross total resection (GTR) in 28 (70%) cases. After resection and before iMRI scanning, GTR was 20 (50.0%) cases based on the surgeon's perception. After iMRI scanning, the results helped identify 19 (47.5%) cases with unexpected results consisting of 5 (12.5%) with unexpected locations of residual tumors and 14 (35%) with unexpected EOR. Additional resection was performed in 24 (60%) cases after iMRI review, including 6 (15%) cases with expected iMRI results. Among 34 cases with postoperative MRI results, iMRI helped improve EOR in 12 (35.3%) cases.

Conclusion In cranial tumor surgery, the surgeon's preoperative and intraoperative assessment is frequently imprecise. iMRI data serve several purposes, including identifying the presence of residual tumors, providing residual tumor locations, giving spatial relation data of the tumor with nearby eloquent structures, and updating the neuro-navigation system for the final stage of tumor resection.
Developing materials to mitigate hypervelocity and hypersonic threats
Authors: Lim Alane
Published: August 2022

Recently established facility at Texas A&M University advances capabilities in studying hypersonic missile impacts.
Incorporating granules and suspensions into a unified phase diagram
Authors: Piccone Ashley
Published: August 2022

Transition between granules and dense suspensions depends on volume fraction and stress of the mixture.
On back flow of boundary layers in two-dimensional unsteady incompressible heat conducting flow
Authors: Wang Ya-Guang , Zhu Shi-Yong
Published: August 2022

In this paper, we study the back-flow problem of boundary layers in two-dimensional unsteady incompressible heat conducting flow. For a kind of monotonic initial and incoming flow, we prove that the first critical point of the tangential velocity profile with respect to the normal variable, if exists, must appear on the boundary if the pressure gradient and temperature in the data are suitable. This critical point is the back-flow point. Moreover, we give a condition on the growth rate of the initial tangential velocity such that there is a back-flow point in the boundary layer.
Determination of the figurative point trajectory on the phase diagram of NiO lithiation–oxidation process by x-ray diffraction and Compton scattering methods
Authors: Mikhailov Igor F. , Gabielkov Sergey.V. , Mikhailov Anton I. , Surovitskiy Sergey.V.
Published: August 2022

The positions of the figurative points on the triangular Gibbs phase diagram for the process of high-temperature synthesis of solid solutions LiyNi2−yO2 were determined for the first time using a combination of x-ray diffraction (XRD) and Compton scattering methods. The trajectory of the figurative point is built according to experimental data for temperatures of 650 and 750 °C. The ratios of the phases in equilibrium are found. It was established that, when the structure goes from rock salt to layered structures, the composition of the reagent mixture changes nonmonotonically: with an increase in the degree of ordering of the solid solution lattice, the sum molecular weight of the solid reagents increases. It has been shown experimentally that the combined use of XRD and Compton scattering makes it possible to carry out physicochemical analysis of the process and predict the final product.
Small mass limit in mean field theory for stochastic N particle system
Authors: Wang Wei , Lv Guangying , Wei Jinglong
Published: August 2022

The small mass limit is derived for a stochastic N particle system in mean-field limit theory. In the case of the constant communication weight function and by applying the averaging approach to distribution dependent slow–fast stochastic differential equations (which has an independent interest), the small mass limit model is derived.
Study of the Kramers–Fokker–Planck quadratic operator with a constant magnetic field
Authors: Karaki Zeinab
Published: August 2022

We study the quadratic Kramers–Fokker–Planck operator with a constant magnetic field and a quadratic potential. We describe the exact expression of the norm of the semi-group associated with the operator near the equilibrium. At this level, explicit and accurate estimates of this norm are shown in small and long times and uniform-in-time estimates are shown when the magnetic parameter b tends to infinity.
Most probable escape paths in periodically driven nonlinear oscillators
Authors: Cilenti Lautaro , Cameron Maria , Balachandran Balakumar
Published: August 2022

The dynamics of mechanical systems, such as turbomachinery with multiple blades, are often modeled by arrays of periodically driven coupled nonlinear oscillators. It is known that such systems may have multiple stable vibrational modes, and transitions between them may occur under the influence of random factors. A methodology for finding most probable escape paths and estimating the transition rates in the small noise limit is developed and applied to a collection of arrays of coupled monostable oscillators with cubic nonlinearity, small damping, and harmonic external forcing. The methodology is built upon the action plot method [Beri et al., Phys. Rev. E 72, 036131 (2005)] and relies on the large deviation theory, the optimal control theory, and the Floquet theory. The action plot method is promoted to non-autonomous high-dimensional systems, and a method for solving the arising optimization problem with a discontinuous objective function restricted to a certain manifold is proposed. The most probable escape paths between stable vibrational modes in arrays of up to five oscillators and the corresponding quasipotential barriers are computed and visualized. The dependence of the quasipotential barrier on the parameters of the system is discussed.
Hardness of molecules and bandgap of solids from a generalized gradient approximation exchange energy functional
Authors: Carmona-Espíndola Javier , Flores Anaid , Gázquez José L. , Vela Alberto , Trickey S. B.
Published: August 2022

The deviations from linearity of the energy as a function of the number of electrons that arise with current approximations to the exchange–correlation (XC) energy functional have important consequences for the frontier eigenvalues of molecules and the corresponding valence-band maxima for solids. In this work, we present an analysis of the exact theory that allows one to infer the effects of such approximations on the highest occupied and lowest unoccupied molecular orbital eigenvalues. Then, we show the importance of the asymptotic behavior of the XC potential in the generalized gradient approximation (GGA) in the case of the NCAPR functional (nearly correct asymptotic potential revised) for determining the shift of the frontier orbital eigenvalues toward the exact values. Thereby we establish a procedure at the GGA level of refinement that allows one to make a single calculation to determine the ionization potential, the electron affinity, and the hardness of molecules (and its solid counterpart, the bandgap) with an accuracy equivalent to that obtained for those properties through energy differences, a procedure that requires three calculations. For solids, the accuracy achieved for the bandgap lies rather close to that which is obtained through hybrid XC energy functionals, but those also demand much greater computational effort than what is required with the simple NCAPR GGA calculation.
Electrical coupling of individual electrocatalytic oscillators
Authors: Romano R. L. , Damaceno L. P. , Magalhães D. V. , Parmananda P. , Varela H.
Published: August 2022

The catalytic electro-oxidation of some small organic molecules is known to display kinetic instabilities, which reflect on potential and/or current oscillations. Under oscillatory conditions, those systems can be considered electrocatalytic oscillators and, therefore, can be described by their amplitude, frequency, and waveform. Just like mechanical oscillators, the electrocatalytic ones can be coupled and their dynamics can be changed by setting different coupling parameters. In the present work, we study the unidirectional coupling of electrocatalytic oscillators, namely, those comprehending the catalytic electro-oxidation of methanol and formic acid on polycrystalline platinum in acidic media under potentiostatic control. Herein, we explore two different scenarios (the coupling of compositionally identical and non-identical oscillators) and investigate the effects of the master's identity and of the coupling constant on the slave's dynamics. For the master (methanol)–slave (methanol) coupling, the oscillators exhibited phase lag synchronization and complete phase synchronization. On the other hand, for the master (formic acid)–slave (methanol) coupling, the oscillators exhibited complete phase synchronization with phase-locking with a 2:3 ratio, complete phase synchronization with phase-locking with a 1:2 ratio, phase lag synchronization, and complete phase synchronization. The obtained results suggest that both the master's identity and the coupling constant (sign and magnitude) are parameters that play an important role on the coupled systems, in such a way that even for completely different systems, synchronization could emerge by setting a suitable coupling constant. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first report concerning the electrical coupling of hidden N-shaped-negative differential resistance type systems.
Analysis of synthetic electron cyclotron emission from the high field side of HL-2M tokamak plasmas
Authors: Yu X. , Shi Z. B. , Jiang M. , Yu G. Y. , Zhu Y. L. , Yang Z. C. , Chen W. , Zhu Y. R. , Fang K. R. , Tong R. H. , Han J. H. , Zhang X. R.
Published: August 2022

A synthetic electron cyclotron emission (ECE) diagnostic is used to interpret ECE signals from preset plasma equilibrium profiles, including magnetic field, electron density, and electron temperature. According to the simulation results, the electron temperature (Te) profile covering the harmonic overlap region can be obtained by receiving ECE signals at the high field side (HFS) of the HL-2M plasma. The third harmonic ECE at the low field side (LFS) cannot pass through the second harmonic resonance layer at the HFS unless the optical thickness (τ) of the second harmonic becomes gray (τ ≤ 2). In addition, the impact of the relativistic frequency down-shift has been evaluated and corrected. The measurable range of the HFS ECE has been calculated by scanning different parameters (electron density, temperature, and magnetic field). Higher plasma parameters allow a wider radial range of electron temperature measurements. The minimum inner measurable position can reach R = 120 cm (r/a = −0.89) when the product of core temperature (Te0) and density (ne0) is greater than 35 × 1019 keV m−3, which is extended by more than 30 cm inward compared with that of the LFS measurement. The HFS ECE will greatly improve the diagnostic ability of ECE systems on the HL-2M tokamak.
Design and construction of a quantum matter synthesizer
Authors: Trisnadi Jonathan , Zhang Mingjiamei , Weiss Lauren , Chin Cheng
Published: August 2022

The quantum matter synthesizer (QMS) is a new quantum simulation platform in which individual particles in a lattice can be resolved and re-arranged into arbitrary patterns. The ability to spatially manipulate ultracold atoms and control their tunneling and interactions at the single-particle level allows full control of a many-body quantum system. We present the design and characterization of the QMS, which integrates into a single ultra-stable apparatus a two-dimensional optical lattice, a moving optical tweezer array formed by a digital micromirror device, and site-resolved atomic imaging. We demonstrate excellent mechanical stability between the lattice and tweezer array with relative fluctuations below 10 nm, diffraction-limited imaging at a resolution of 655 nm, and high-speed real-time control of the tweezer array at a 2.52 kHz refresh rate, which will be adopted to realize fast rearrangement of atoms. The QMS also features new technologies and schemes, such as nanotextured anti-reflective windows and all-optical long-distance transport of atoms.
Aggregation and gelation in a tunable aqueous colloid–polymer bridging system
Authors: Gallegos Mariah J. , Soetrisno Diego D. , Park Nayoung , Conrad Jacinta C.
Published: August 2022

We report a colloid–polymer model system with tunable bridging interactions for microscopic studies of structure and dynamics using confocal imaging. The interactions between trifluoroethyl methacrylate-co-tert-butyl methacrylate copolymer particles and poly(acrylic acid) (PAA) polymers were controllable via polymer concentration and pH. The strength of adsorption of PAA on the particles, driven by pH-dependent interactions with polymer brush stabilizers on the particle surfaces, was tuned via solution pH. Particle–polymer suspensions formulated at low pH, where polymers strongly adsorbed to the particles, contained clusters or weak gels at particle volume fractions of ϕ = 0.15 and ϕ = 0.40. At high pH, where the PAA only weakly adsorbed to the particle surface, particles largely remained dispersed, and the suspensions behaved as a dense fluid. The ability to visualize the suspension structure is likely to provide insight into the role of polymer-driven bridging interactions in the behavior of colloidal suspensions.
Spin-wave nonreciprocity and formation of lateral standing spin waves in CoFeB/Ta/NiFe meander-shaped films
Authors: Gubbiotti G. , Sadovnikov A. , Sheshukova S. E. , Beginin E. , Nikitov S. , Talmelli G. , Adelmann C. , Ciubotaru F.
Published: August 2022

Studying the spin-wave (SW) propagation in 3D periodic structures opens new possibilities for joining functional units placed on the different layers of the magnonic circuitry. In the path toward 3D magnonics, the main challenge is the fabrication of large-scale 3D magnetic structures with nanometric precision control of geometry and material composition. In this work, we study the dependence on the Ta spacer thickness of the magnonic band structure, measured by Brillouin light scattering spectroscopy, of CoFeB/Ta/NiFe meander-shaped bilayers fabricated on pre-patterned Si substrate with thickness steps of 50 nm. Both propagating and stationary SW modes are observed. While the frequency of the dispersive mode slightly depends on the Ta spacer thickness, the frequency position of the three stationary modes in the lowest frequency range of the spectra significantly increases by increasing the Ta thickness. Micromagnetic calculations indicate that each of the three stationary modes is composed of a doublet of modes whose frequency separation, within each doublet, increases by increasing the mode frequency. The origin of this frequency separation is ascribed to the dynamic dipolar coupling between the magnetic layers that generate a significant frequency nonreciprocity of counterpropagating SWs. For these reasons, the investigated structures offer potential application as the nonreciprocal versatile interconnections performing the frequency selective regimes of signal propagation in magnonic circuits.
Interaction between Mack second mode and radiation mode in high-enthalpy boundary layers
Authors: Han Yufeng , Cao Wei
Published: August 2022

Instabilities of high-enthalpy flat-plate boundary layers in thermochemical equilibrium conditions are studied using a linear stability theory (LST) and parabolized stability equations. A supersonic radiation mode is found to be unstable at the downstream location of the second mode. This mode synchronizes with the second mode as its phase velocity approaches cr=1−1/Ma. The amplification rate is expected to be comparable to the second mode when Ma>14 and Tw<14Te. The results of disturbance evolution indicate that the radiation mode is generated by the second mode through a synchronization process. The coefficient for the amplitude response of the radiation mode to the forcing second mode is around 1. After the radiation mode is excited, the second mode itself still exists in the boundary layer, leading to a co-existence of dual unstable modes. Owing to the competition between the two modes, the disturbance amplitudes exhibit significant oscillations. A two-mode amplitude prediction model based on the LST is proposed by properly superposing the two modes' amplitudes. The accurate prediction of the N-factor demonstrates that the proposed model can be used to predict a high-enthalpy boundary layer transition involving these two modes.
Tunable auxetic metamaterials for simultaneous attenuation of airborne sound and elastic vibrations in all directions
Authors: Kheybari Majid , Daraio Chiara , Bilal Osama R.
Published: August 2022

Through a combination of analytical, numerical, and experimental methods, we study a three-dimensional metamaterial with the ability to attenuate both airborne sound and mechanical vibrations, simultaneously, and in all directions. In addition, due to the auxetic nature of the design (i.e., having a negative Poisson's ratio), the metamaterial can shrink (or expand) in a relatively uniform manner, without buckling. We utilize an external load to cause a systematic shape change in the metamaterial and tune the attenuation frequency bands. The presented design principles can be utilized in many applications related to acoustic and elastic wave manipulation as well as acoustic devices.
A new similarity law for transonic–supersonic flow
Authors: Liu Luoqin
Published: August 2022

Similarity laws of aerodynamics are of crucial importance in both pre-computer time and the modern era, since they can greatly facilitate relevant aerodynamic analyses, wind tunnel experiments, and aircraft designs. In this Letter, we present a new similarity law for steady transonic–supersonic flow over thin bodies at a small angle of attack. The new similarity law is based on the extrapolation of the lift and drag coefficient slopes at a sonic point, which are obtained from the single longitudinal process. The effect of transverse process on the drag coefficient is accounted for afterwards by introducing a dimensionless wake width, which can be theoretically estimated. The remarkable feature of the new similarity law is that it depends on both the free-stream Mach number and the specific heat ratio. The validity of the new similarity law is confirmed by the excellent agreement with numerical data of the flow over a two-dimensional airfoil with the free-stream Mach number between 0.9 and 2.
The Bessel zeta function
Authors: Naber M. G. , Bruck B. M. , Costello S. E.
Published: August 2022

Two representations of the Bessel zeta function are investigated. An incomplete representation is constructed using contour integration and an integral representation due to Hawkins is fully evaluated (analytically continued) to produce two infinite series. This new representation, evaluated at integer values of the argument, produces results that are consistent with known results (values, slope, and pole structure). Not surprisingly, the two representations studied are found to have similar coefficients but a slightly different functional form. A representation of the Riemann zeta function is obtained by allowing the order of the Bessel function to go to 1/2.
Calculating nonlinear response functions for multidimensional electronic spectroscopy using dyadic non-Markovian quantum state diffusion
Authors: Chen Lipeng , Bennett Doran I. G. , Eisfeld Alexander
Published: August 2022

We present a methodology for simulating multidimensional electronic spectra of molecular aggregates with coupling of electronic excitation to a structured environment using the stochastic non-Markovian quantum state diffusion (NMQSD) method in combination with perturbation theory for the response functions. A crucial aspect of our approach is that we propagate the NMQSD equation in a doubled system Hilbert space but with the same noise. We demonstrate that our approach shows fast convergence with respect to the number of stochastic trajectories, providing a promising technique for numerical calculation of two-dimensional electronic spectra of large molecular aggregates.
An automated approach for consecutive tuning of quantum dot arrays
Authors: Liu Hanwei , Wang Baochuan , Wang Ning , Sun Zhonghai , Yin Huili , Li Haiou , Cao Gang , Guo Guoping
Published: August 2022

Recent progress has shown that the dramatically increased number of parameters has become a major issue in tuning of multi-quantum dot devices. The complicated interactions between quantum dots and gate electrodes cause the manual tuning process to no longer be efficient. Fortunately, machine learning techniques can automate and speed up the tuning of simple quantum dot systems. In this Letter, we extend the techniques to tune multi-dot devices. We propose an automated approach that combines machine learning, virtual gates, and a local-to-global method to realize the consecutive tuning of quantum dot arrays by dividing them into subsystems. After optimizing voltage configurations and establishing virtual gates to control each subsystem independently, a quantum dot array can be efficiently tuned to the few-electron regime with appropriate interdot tunnel coupling strength. Our experimental results show that this approach can consecutively tune quantum dot arrays into an appropriate voltage range without human intervention and possesses broad application prospects in large-scale quantum dot devices.
Theory of rain-wind-induced vibration of stay cables: A quasi-steady-state approximation
Authors: Gao Donglai , Ning Zhichao , Duan Yanghao , Chen Wen-Li , Li Hui
Published: August 2022

Rain-wind-induced vibration (RWIV) of stay cables in cable-stayed bridges is jointly induced by rainfall and incoming wind. It is a major concern to the bridge engineering community due to its very large vibration amplitude. Yet the characteristics and mechanism of RWIV have not been understood completely. In particular, a theoretical model that can well describe the RWIV is urgently needed for amplitude prediction in engineering applications. Following a recent experimental work, we propose a theoretical framework for the analytical analysis of RWIV in the present study. The moving upper rivulet, which plays a crucial role in the excitation of RWIV, is modeled with a quasi-steady-state approximation. The analytical and numerical results are first compared with the experimental data to validate the theory. Then, the effects of some key parameters, including cable mass, frequency, damping ratio, and dynamic upper rivulet, on RWIV are investigated in detail with the theoretical framework. The model in the present study provides quick and reliable evaluations of the vibration amplitude and influencing parameters of RWIV, without performing time-consuming experiments in wind tunnel or computational fluid dynamics simulations.
Will microfluidics enable functionally integrated biohybrid robots?
Authors: Filippi Miriam , Yasa Oncay , Kamm Roger Dale , Raman Ritu , Katzschmann Robert K.
Published: August 2022

The next robotics frontier will be led by biohybrids. Capable biohybrid robots require microfluidics to sustain, improve, and scale the architectural complexity of their core ingredient: biological tissues. Advances in microfluidics have already revolutionized disease modeling and drug development, and are positioned to impact regenerative medicine but have yet to apply to biohybrids. Fusing microfluidics with living materials will improve tissue perfusion and maturation, and enable precise patterning of sensing, processing, and control elements. This perspective suggests future developments in advanced biohybrids.
Long noncoding RNA
CHROMR
regulates antiviral immunity in humans
Authors: van Solingen Coen , Cyr Yannick , Scacalossi Kaitlyn R. , de Vries Maren , Barrett Tessa J. , de Jong Annika , Gourvest Morgane , Zhang Tracy , Peled Daniel , Kher Raadhika , Cornwell MacIntosh , Gildea Michael A. , Brown Emily J. , Fanucchi Stephanie , Mhlanga Musa M. , Berger Jeffrey S. , Dittmann Meike , Moore Kathryn J.
Published: August 2022

Long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs) have emerged as critical regulators of gene expression, yet their contribution to immune regulation in humans remains poorly understood. Here, we report that the primate-specific lncRNA
CHROMR
is induced by influenza A virus and SARS-CoV-2 infection and coordinates the expression of interferon-stimulated genes (ISGs) that execute antiviral responses.
CHROMR
depletion in human macrophages reduces histone acetylation at regulatory regions of ISG loci and attenuates ISG expression in response to microbial stimuli. Mechanistically, we show that
CHROMR
sequesters the interferon regulatory factor (IRF)-2-dependent transcriptional corepressor IRF2BP2, thereby licensing IRF-dependent signaling and transcription of the ISG network. Consequently,
CHROMR
expression is essential to restrict viral infection of macrophages. Our findings identify
CHROMR
as a key arbitrator of antiviral innate immune signaling in humans.
Under the surface
Authors: Lambert Monique , von Stutterheim Christiane , Carroll Mary , Gerwien Johannes
Published: August 2022

Through a survey of crosslinguistic empirical studies on narratives and in the domain of motion events, we argue that the principles of language use pose a hurdle for second language acquisition, an issue that has not been given adequate attention in earlier research. These principles are part of our pragmatic knowledge which encompasses language-specific information organization at the discourse level as well as event schemata at the level of construing reportable units. The findings show how highly competent L2 speakers activate L1-based knowledge that reflects deeply entrenched principles and seems resistant to change.
Word order in the input to Argentinian Spanish-learning children
Authors: Audisio Cynthia Pamela , Quiroga Macarena Sol , Ramírez María Laura , Rosemberg Celia Renata
Published: August 2022

Languages express events in the world by means of transitive and intransitive constructions, whose properties differ according to language typology. Children witness how specific languages express transitivity by listening to linguistic input, which varies according to contextual variables (such as the age of the speaker and the addressee). In this study, we investigated word order, one feature that typically helps discriminate between transitive and intransitive constructions but is more reliable in some languages than others. The frequency and consistency of word order as a cue towards clause transitivity was analysed in the input to 19 monolingual Spanish-learning children from Argentina (20 months old on average,SD = 0.3), diverse in terms of socioeconomic status (SES). We found that some word orders occur far more frequently and/or indicate clause transitivity much more reliably than others. In addition, their consistency as transitivity cues varied across the registers and was crucially affected by SES.
Does biologically categorised training alter the perceived exertion and neuromuscular movement profile of academy soccer players compared to traditional age‐group categorisation?
Authors: Salter Jamie , Black James , Mallett James , Barrett Steve , Towlson Christopher , Hughes Jonathan D. , De St Croix Mark
Published: August 2022

The individual response to load is multifactorial and complicated by transient temporal changes in biological maturation. The period surrounding peak height velocity exposes potentially “fragile” individuals to systematic, age‐related increases in training loads. Bio‐banding allows practitioners to manage the biological diversity and align training to the individual development needs. This study explores the acute impact of maturation on neuromuscular performance and perceived intensity through comparing both chronological and bio‐banded training sessions. 55 male soccer players (mean ± SD; age 13.8 ± 1.4 years) were recruited from an EPPP academy. Following a warm‐up and standardised sub‐maximal run (30–15IFT), players competed in five bouts of 5‐min 6v6 small‐sided games (SSGs) before repeating the standardised sub‐maximal run. The sessions were repeated on three occasions with chronological SSGs and the same with bio‐banded SSGs wearing foot‐mounted inertial measurement units (PlayerMakerTM) with differential ratings of perceived exertion used to quantify internal loads. Mixed linear modelling indicated maturity‐specific pre–post differences in neuromuscular response, stride length and cadence having contrasting responses pre‐ (reduced) and post‐PHV (increased), and larger changes in post sessions stiffness for pre‐ (∼18.6 kN·m−1) and circa‐PHV (∼12.1 kN·m−1) players. Secondly, there were small to large differences in neuromuscular response (RSI, stride length, stiffness, and contact time) and perceptions of intensity between conditions, with bio‐banding generally reducing pre–post changes. Bio‐banding may therefore offer a mechanism to prescribe maturity‐specific training loads which may help to alleviate the impact of repeated exposure to high‐intensity activity, thus reducing injury risk whilst promoting long‐term player development.
Phase transition grade and microstructure of AdS black holes in massive gravity
Authors: Li Guan-Ru , Li Guo-Ping , Guo Sen
Published: August 2022

Considering that under the framework of the massive gravity theory, the interaction between the mass gravitons and Schwarzschild black hole (BH) could make it carry a scalar charge, the phase transition process caused by this scalar charge is investigated in this analysis. The phase transition grade and microstructure of those BHs are investigated from both macroscopic and microscopic points of view. From the macroscopic point of view, it is found that Ehrenfest equations are satisfied at the phase transition critical point, which implies that the phase transition grade of those BHs is second-order. Based on the BH molecules model and Landau continuous phase transition theory, the phase transition of those BHs from the microcosmic point of view is analyzed. The critical exponents obtained from the two perspectives are consistent. By investigating the Ruppeiner geometry, the microstructure feature of those BHs is revealed. These results suggest that the phase transition of BH in massive gravity is a standard second-order phase transition at the critical point, and the microscopic details of those BHs are different from the Reissner–Nordström AdS BH in standard Einstein gravity.
Gravitational waveform of moving source with high speed
Authors: He Xiaokai , Liu Xiaolin , Cao Zhoujian
Published: August 2022

Current gravitational waveform models used by detection data analysis have not included the effect of the moving speed of the sources relative to detector. Few works about the gravitational waveform problem for moving sources exist in the literature. And all of them have taken some approximations. Some of them just considered frequency shift. Some of them used slow speed approximation. In the current paper, we apply the precise Lorentz transformation of gravitational wave to generate the gravitational waveform for moving sources with any high speed. Our calculation is straightforward but without any approximation. That is to say our result is valid in the whole velocity range 0 ⩽ v < c which is only limited by the speed of light coming from general relativity itself. If only a waveform model of a rest source is given, our result can be applied directly to generate the waveform for the corresponding moving source with any high speed. Such waveform is valid for binary black hole coalescence happening extremely close to a super-massive black hole. As an example, we apply our method to the effect of kick velocity of binary black hole. The adjusted waveform by the kick velocity is presented in the current paper.
Multibeam antennas with customized elevation angles based on near-field magnetic field coupling of metamaterials
Authors: Zhang Hong , Wang Jiafu , Han Yajuan , Zhu Ruichao , Liu Tonghao , Fu Xinmin , Chu Zuntian , Li Yongfeng , Qu Shaobo
Published: August 2022

In this paper, we propose the design of multibeam antennas with customized elevation angles based on near-field magnetic field coupling of metamaterials. The antenna consists of a monopole feed and four identical metamaterial transmission-line (MTL) structures surrounding the feed. The MTL structure is composed of two pairs of broadside-coupled omega rings (BCORs) that are connected by two straight strip-lines. Under such a framework, magnetic fields within the near-field zone of the monopole feed can be coupled efficiently by the inner BCOR, converted to travelling waves along the double strip-lines, guided toward the outer end of the MTL structure, and radiated by the outer BCOR like a loop antenna. Due to travelling wave nature of the MTL structure, there is phase lag along the MTL structure and the radiation main lobes are tilted towards the outward direction. By arranging several MTL structures around the feed monopole, multi-beam directional radiation can be realized. More interestingly, by adjusting structural parameters and pitch angles of the MTL structures, elevation angle of the radiation main lobes can be customized. To validate the design, we simulated, fabricated and measured four prototypes with pitch angles 0°, 15°, 30° and 45°. Both the simulated and measured results verify the design and show that multiple-beam radiation with customized elevation angle can be obtained. This work provides an alternative method of designing multi-beam antennas and may find applications in communication, surveillance, etc.
Vibration-modelling-based fault feature analysis for incipient damage identification of sun gear
Authors: Liu Xianzeng
Published: August 2022

Different types of incipient damage to gears need to be distinguished for the reliable and safe operation of mechanical equipment. However, the identification of various types of incipient gear damage is still a challenge for the fault diagnosis of planetary gearboxes. To identify the various types of incipient damage in a sun gear, fault feature analysis is conducted for various damage conditions in a planetary gearbox. First, the internal excitation aroused by gear damage is computed and the effects of the typical damage modes of a sun gear on the internal excitation are demonstrated. Then, the internal excitation of the damaged sun gear is applied into the dynamic model of the planetary gear train to simulate distributed damage or local damage. After that, with the vibration responses obtained from the dynamic model, a vibration signal model is proposed to simulate the vibration signals of the planetary gearbox. Furthermore, the vibration signals are analysed over the time domain and frequency domain. The fault features of the planetary gearbox are characterized by using residual signals and variational mode decomposition signals, which are useful for identifying the various incipient damage types of a sun gear. Finally, the simulated results are validated by experimental tests.
An assessment of statistical models of competitive growth during transient Ostwald ripening in turbine disc nickel-based superalloys
Authors: Anderson M J , Liao L , Basoalto H C
Published: August 2022

The ability to accurately predict the time evolution of precipitate size distributions is fundamental to optimising heat treatments and mechanical properties of engineering alloys. Mean-field models of the particle growth rates assume that diffusion fields between neighbouring particles are weakly coupled reducing the problem to a single particle embedded in an effective medium. This regime of behaviour is expected to be satisfied for low volume fraction alloys. However, these assumptions are not fulfilled in many applications of interest where strong interactions between precipitates holds. Correction factors are often introduced to account for the accelerated rate of diffusion caused by the overlapping of diffusion fields between neighbouring precipitates. This paper applies the Wang–Glicksman–Rajan–Voorhees (WGRV) discrete point-source/sink model to compare descriptions of competitive growth. This includes assessing correction factors to the mean-field particle growth rate derived by Ardell, Marqusee and Ross, and Svoboda and Fischer in addition to Di Nunzio’s pairwise interaction model. The WGRV model is used as a benchmark to compare different approximations of competitive growth that apply similar assumptions. This is followed by the application of the models to simulate precipitation kinetics during long term aging kinetics observed in the nickel-based superalloys IN738LC and RR1000. It is shown that the competitive growth correction factors are accurate for volume fractions of 20% and under-predict the acceleration of precipitate kinetics predicted at 40%. The WGRV model is able to capture the coarsening kinetics observed in both IN738LC and RR1000 with reasonable accuracy. The WGRV model determines particle growth rates as a function of the immediate neighbourhood and provides an improved prediction of the coarsening behaviour of tertiary particles in RR1000 in comparison to the mean-field approximation, however over-estimates the growth rate of the tertiary particles compared to experimental data.