bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
IgE-Binding Monocytes Have an Enhanced Ability to Produce IL-8 (CXCL8) in Animals with Naturally Occurring Allergy
Authors: Larson Elisabeth M. , Babasyan Susanna , Wagner Bettina
Published: May 2021

IL-8 is a potent chemokine that recruits neutrophils and basophils to promote inflammation in many species. IL-8 is produced by many cell types, including monocytes. In this study, we report a novel role for IgE-binding monocytes, a rare peripheral immune cell type, to promote allergic inflammation through IL-8 production in a horse model of natural IgE-mediated allergy. We developed a mAb with confirmed specificity for both recombinant and native equine IL-8 for flow cytometric analysis. Equine IL-8 was produced by CD14+/MHC class II+/CD16− monocytes, including a subpopulation of IgE-binding monocytes, following stimulation with LPS. In addition, IgE cross-linking induced IL-8 production by both peripheral blood basophils and IgE-binding monocytes. IL-8 production was compared between healthy horses and those with a naturally occurring IgE-mediated skin allergy, Culicoides hypersensitivity. Allergic horses had significantly higher percentages of IL-8+ IgE-binding monocytes after IgE cross-linking. In contrast, frequencies of IL-8+ basophils after IgE cross-linking were similar in all horses, regardless of allergic disease, highlighting IgE-binding monocytes as a novel source of IL-8 during allergy. We concluded that IgE-binding monocytes from allergic individuals have an increased capacity for IL-8 production and likely contribute to the recruitment of innate immune cells during IgE-mediated allergy and promotion of inflammation during repeated allergen contact.
Evaluation of Cellular and Serological Responses to Acute SARS-CoV-2 Infection Demonstrates the Functional Importance of the Receptor-Binding Domain
Authors: Mantus Grace , Nyhoff Lindsay E. , Kauffman Robert C. , Edara Venkata Viswanadh , Lai Lilin , Floyd Katharine , Shi Pei-Yong , Menachery Vineet D. , Edupuganti Srilatha , Scherer Erin M. , Kay Ariel , McNair Nina , Anderson Evan J. , Rouphael Nadine , Ahmed Rafi , Suthar Mehul S. , Wrammert Jens
Published: May 2021

The factors that control the development of an effective immune response to the recently emerged SARS-CoV-2 virus are poorly understood. In this study, we provide a cross-sectional analysis of the dynamics of B cell responses to SARS-CoV-2 infection in hospitalized COVID-19 patients. We observe changes in B cell subsets consistent with a robust humoral immune response, including significant expansion of plasmablasts and activated receptor-binding domain (RBD)–specific memory B cell populations. We observe elevated titers of Abs to SARS-CoV-2 RBD, full-length Spike, and nucleoprotein over the course of infection, with higher levels of RBD-specific IgG correlating with increased serum neutralization. Depletion of RBD-specific Abs from serum removed a major portion of neutralizing activity in most individuals. Some donors did retain significant residual neutralization activity, suggesting a potential Ab subset targeting non-RBD epitopes. Taken together, these findings are instructive for future vaccine design and mAb strategies.
Tobacco Quitline toll-free number on tobacco packets in India: An analysis on outcome
Authors: Kumar Raj , Saroj Shyam Kanhaiya , Kumar Manoj
Published: May 2021

On 1 September 2018, 2 year later the launch of National Tobacco Quitline Services (NTQLS), new health warnings on tobacco products packets consisting of NTQLS toll-free number came into effect in India. The present study aimed to measure the effects of printing tobacco Quitline number on tobacco packets on calls to NTQLS. All calls to the NTQLS were monitored over 1 year, six months before and after the tobacco Quitline number on tobacco packets came to effect. Call details such as tobacco user’s demographic profile, tobacco use habit, follow-up and quitting status also extracted through Call Detail Record (CDR) files from the server of NTQLS for the purpose of this study. Calls hit on IVR (Interacted Voice Response) increased by 7.7 times, on an average 6064 calls daily hit on NTQLS’s IVR after the new health warning consisting of toll-free number on tobacco packets came into effect. Tobacco user registration increased by 3.3 times (18039 vs 5469). Overall, 264.5% (4790) relative increment in tobacco quitters, as it were only 1314 quitters six months before the new health warning. 100% callers cited tobacco packets as the primary source of tobacco Quitline toll-free number. The helpline number of Quitline on tobacco packet showed a strong potential to aware the public about the tobacco Quitline. This has increased the number of callers calling to National Tobacco Quitline Services and registrations for tobacco cessation. Sharp increase in calls during the first three months of new health warning and latter diminishing rate of calls is the concern for further study.
Successful endoscopic treatment of an obstructing gastric antral web in a paediatric patient
Authors: Ren Bing-Bing , Jiang Kui , Wang Tao , Sun Da-Qing
Published: May 2021

Gastric antral web (GAW) is a rare anomaly of the gastric antrum and can result in gastric outlet obstruction. Currently, endoscopic treatment of GAW is considered challenging due to high technical requirements and restenosis. Herein, we present a rare case of a paediatric patient with GAW cured by endoscopic transection and partial resection of the web. An 8-year-old boy was admitted because of a 9-month history of postprandial fullness and intermittent non-bilious vomiting of gastric contents. On performing upper gastrointestinal contrast and gastroscopy, the diagnosis of GAW was confirmed. Then, three electroincisions were performed in a radial fashion. Moreover, about a third of the web located in the larger curvature was resected. On follow-up for 6 months, the patient was completely relieved of the postprandial fullness and non-bilious vomiting. Hence, endoscopic treatment for GAW was considered safe and effective for this case. Furthermore, partial resection of the web contributed in avoiding restenosis.
Laparoscopic real-time vessel navigation using indocyanine green fluorescence during laparoscopy-assisted gastric tube reconstruction
Authors: Ebihara Yuma , Shichinohe Toshiaki , Kurashima Yo , Murakami Soichi , Hirano Satoshi
Published: May 2021

A considerable percentage of morbidity and mortality after oesophagectomy is due to leakage of oesophagogastrostomy, which is mainly caused by ischaemia of the gastric tube. Therefore, we performed laparoscopic real-time vessel navigation (LRTVN) using indocyanine green fluorescence (ICG) during laparoscopy-assisted gastric tube reconstruction (LAGR) to evaluate gastric tube blood flow and avoid vascular injury. This study included five oesophageal cancer patients who underwent video-assisted thoracoscopic oesophagectomy and LAGR. We confirmed the presence of the left gastroepiploic artery (LGEA) in all cases, and no findings such as post-operative gastric tube ischaemia were observed. In all cases, no vascular injury was observed, and the vascularization of LGEA was confirmed. This report is the first to consider the usefulness of LRTVN using ICG during LAGR. LRTVN using ICG during LAGR was considered to be useful for evaluating gastric tube blood flow and avoiding vascular injury around the splenic hiatus.
Minimally invasive approach for retrieval of retropharyngeal foreign body
Authors: Devaraja K. , Pillai Suresh , Pujary Kailesh
Published: May 2021

Ingested fish bone at times can migrate extraluminally into the surrounding soft tissue, leading to complications. Conventionally, these migrated fish bones are retrieved by open procedures, which could add to the morbidity. We successfully retrieved one such foreign body by a minimally invasive transcervical approach in a 64-year-old female patient. The method offered an easy identification of the foreign body with minimal soft-tissue dissection, which ultimately aided in the early post-operative recovery. This is the first report of a minimally invasive approach to explore the retropharyngeal space, and we propose the technique even for sampling retropharyngeal lymph node.
Strategic Role and Challenges of Community Pharmacists in SARS-CoV-2 Outbreak
Authors: Talukdar Debjyoti , Jankie Satish , Pancholi Shyam Sundar , Chatterjee Arindam , Kumar Parveen , Gupta Madan Mohan
Published: May 2021

This study highlights the importance of community pharmacists’ strategic role in hindering the progression of the SARS-CoV-2 virus in the community setting and innovative measures to protect themselves. This article focuses on the features, control, and prevention of COVID-19 and social awareness measures of the pandemic. The means employed by the community pharmacist to safeguard his health while providing pharmaceutical services during COVID-19 is compiled and presented to benefit health-care professionals around the world. As per the US Center for Disease Control and Prevention, community pharmacists play a crucial role in providing essential drugs to patients without knowing their current COVID-19 status. They also work in conditions that make them susceptible to COVID-19 exposure. Despite the availability of guidelines, community pharmacists need to be trained in personal protective equipment for efficient protection and prevention of spread. Community pharmacists are essential frontline warriors against transmission of the SARS-CoV-2 virus in the community and act as frontline workers to educate the public on COVID-19. They are at high risk and need to observe necessary precautions to mitigate the spread of the virus.
Advanced Hybrid Powertrains for Commercial Vehicles
Authors: Hu Haoran , Baseley Simon , Song Xubin
Published: May 2021

Powertrains for commercial vehicles have evolved since the late nineteenth-century invention of the ICE. In the revised second edition of Advanced Hybrid Powertrains for Commercial Vehicles, the authors explore commercial powertrains through history from the ICE through the introduction of the hybrid powertrain in commercial vehicles. Readers are given an understanding of the ICE as well as the classification of commercial vehicle hybrid powertrains, the variety of energy storage systems, fuel-cell hybrid powertrain systems, and commercial vehicle electrification. The authors review the legislation of vehicle emissions and the regulation necessary to promote the production of fuel-efficient vehicles.
The Road Forward: More Conversations with Top Women in the Automotive Industry
Authors: Bailo Carla , Barclay Terry
Published: May 2021

Carla Bailo, CEO of the Center for Automotive Research, and Terry Barclay, CEO of Inforum, bring together over 70 of the most influential women in the automotive industry to share their insight and advice. As with their first book, The Road to the Top, Bailo and Barclay interview women in positions of leadership throughout the industry from suppliers, to OEMs and academia. The Road Forward provides insight and advice to all professionals on the impact of the COVID pandemic by sharing their thoughts of the road ahead and what changes they have experienced professionally, personally, and socially. In addition, the leaders discuss resilience, professional network maintenance and growth, personal growth, diversity and inclusion, and sustainability.
Online Collaborative Learning: Analyzing the Process through Living the Experience
Authors: Altowairiki Noha
Published: May 2021

Online collaborative learning is a complex process as it requires thoughtful and pedagogical considerations regarding the design, implementation, and assessment. To understand online collaborative learning, it is critical to involve stakeholders’ perspectives of their lived experiences. A qualitative case study was selected to carry out the investigation. Two online graduate courses were purposefully involved in the study. Data were collected from semi-structured interviews and online observations of students and instructors. The collected data were analyzed using a constant comparative analysis method. The results revealed that multiple proactive supports (i.e., social, pedagogical, and technical support) play critical roles in fostering meaningful collaboration. Instructor presence is an essential factor that enables collaboration to occur as desired through setting the stage, modeling desired expectations, and guiding students to reach expected outcomes. Assessments also have an impact on students’ level of engagement; therefore, incorporating both formative and summative assessments for both the product and the process of collaboration is recommended. The findings of this study have implications for online collaboration scaffolding and implementation to support online instructors.
Distribuição geográfica de uma população disjunta de Herpsilochmus sellowi Whitney & Pacheco, 2000 (Aves, Thamnophilidae) e implicações para a conservação das fisionomias de carrascos quartzarênicos do médio rio Tocantins, bioma Cerrado, Brasil central
Authors: Dornas Tulio , Haidar Ricardo Flores , De Morais Fernando
Published: May 2021

O chorozinho-da-caatinga (Herpsilochmus sellowi) é amplamente distribuído no Nordeste brasileiro, com populações disjuntas no médio rio Tocantins e na serra do Cachimbo, regiões central e sul dos estados de Tocantins e Pará, respectivamente. A população disjunta do médio rio Tocantins ocorre em vegetação arbórea-arbustiva adensada, sobre solo bastante arenoso, sendo comparada às campinaranas amazônicas; localmente é chamada de carrasco. A Área de Ocupação (AOO) e a Extensão de Ocorrência (EOO) de H. sellowi do médio rio Tocantins não ultrapassava 2.500 e 5.000 ha, respectivamente. Apresentamos 20 novos registros da espécie na região central do estado do Tocantins, ampliando a distribuição geográfica desta população para uma AOO de 18.254 ha e uma EOO de 49.600 ha, amenizando o grau de ameaça de extinção regional da espécie. Reiteramos, ainda, que os enclaves de carrascos e campinaranas sobre solos arenosos com H. sellowi sejam definidos como zona de preservação/conservação no zoneamento da Área de Proteção Ambiental (APA) Estadual Lago de Palmas. Recomendamos que as demais áreas identificadas no perímetro de estudo sejam convertidas em outras categorias de unidades de conservação, assegurando a proteção mais ampla desta população de H. sellowi, bem como da singular vegetação e dos elementos paisagísticos presentes e carentes de estudos.
Efetividade de uma iniciativa de manejo para contenção da exploração florestal ilegal em um Projeto de Desenvolvimento Sustentável em Anapu, Pará
Authors: Narvaes Igor Da Silva , Porro Roberto , Cordeiro Tássio Franco , Elleres Frederyco Augusto Pereira , Sampaio Sandra Maria Neiva , Watrin Orlando Dos Santos
Published: May 2021

A pressão por áreas florestais a serem exploradas é constante na Amazônia. Projetos de Desenvolvimento Sustentável (PDS) constituem uma modalidade de assentamento rural com objetivos sociais e ambientais, tendo o manejo florestal sustentável como alternativa para geração de renda. Utilizando a metodologia de “Detecção de exploração madeireira em tempo quase real” (DETEX), desenvolvida pelo Instituto Nacional de Pesquisas Espaciais (INPE), este estudo analisou a ocorrência de exploração florestal licenciada e não autorizada no PDS Virola-Jatobá (PDS-VJ), município de Anapu, Pará, no período de 1999 a 2016. Foram identificadas alterações não autorizadas em 18.519 ha, sendo que 92% desta alteração ocorreram anteriormente a 2004, quando houve o assentamento das famílias, e outros 4,9% ocorreram quando o plano de manejo conduzido pela associação local não havia iniciado ou estava interrompido. Os resultados comprovam a assertividade das técnicas utilizadas, embora limitadas pela resolução espacial das imagens Landsat. O PDS-VJ, apesar de ainda não ter sido eficaz na consolidação de meios de vida sustentáveis, tem no manejo florestal uma alternativa que se mostrou promissora na contenção da exploração florestal não autorizada, pois apenas 3,1% das alterações ilegais observadas ao longo de 18 anos ocorreram durante sua vigência.
Carta do editor
Authors: Carvalho Filho Fernando Da Silva
Published: May 2021

Carta do editor no PDF
Perencanaan Pajak Atas Biaya Kesejahteraan Karyawan sebagai Upaya Optimalisasi Kewajiban Perpajakan pada PT. Domas Perkasa
Authors: Dewi Ila Ifta
Published: May 2021

Pajak merupakan salah satu tumpuan sektor penerimaan negara, dalam rangka menjamin kelangsungan pembiayaan pembangunan nasional. Bagi dunia usaha pajak merupakan sumber biaya tanpa menerima imbalan langsung. Oleh sebab itu, diperlukan suatu cara bagi perusahaan untuk menemukan efisiensi beban pajak, salah satu cara yang digunakan yaitu melalui perencanaan pajak. Tujuan penelitian ini untuk mengetahui sejauh mana perencanaan pajak atas biaya kesejahteraan karyawan dapat mengoptimalkan kewajiban perpajakan pada PT. Domas Perkasa. Jenis penelitian adalah deskriptif. Data diperoleh dengan menggunakan dokumentasi dan wawancara. Analisis data menggunakan pendekatan kualitatif. Hasil penelitian menunjukan perencanaan pajak atas biaya kesejahteraan karyawan dapat mengoptimalkan jumlah pajak yang terutang, dari perusahaan dengan mengakui biaya kesejahteraan karyawan sebagai beban operasional perusahaan. Manajemen PT. Domas Perkasa sebaiknya mengaplikasikan perencanaan pajak atas biaya kesejahteraan karyawan untuk mengoptimalkan beban pajak perusahaan.
Êntese – Uma R(E)volução
Authors: Pinheiro Marcelo de Medeiros
Published: May 2021

A descoberta da pequena notável, a êntese, em 1971, causou uma complexa revolução na compreensão dos mecanismos fisiopatológicos envolvidos com as espondiloartrites, bem como com outras entesopatias não inflamatórias, permitindo avanços no diagnóstico precoce e no tratamento mais personalizado desses indivíduos. Além disso, ela está relacionada com a evolução da humanidade em uma perspectiva histórica e bioarqueológica. Na prática clínica do reumatologista, as entesopatias são muito frequentes e ocasionam dor, prejuízo funcional e da qualidade de vida dos pacientes acometidos. No entanto, é um grande desafio diferenciar causas mecânicas de inflamatórias e o nosso papel é definir qual das estruturas da unidade articular, peri ou extra-articular que está sendo acometida, por meio de anamnese, exame físico detalhado e adequado raciocínio clínico, uma vez que não dispomos de biomarcadores, exames de imagem ou de análise tecidual que consigam diferenciá-los sem o adequado contexto clínico.

Unitermos: Êntese. Entesopatias. História. Conceito. Epidemiologia. Fisiopatologia.
Entesopatias na infância
Authors: Pereira Annelyse de Araújo , Terreri Maria Teresa
Published: May 2021

Na faixa etária pediátrica, a principal causa de entesite são as espondiloartrites, particularmente os dois subtipos da artrite idiopática juvenil (AIJ), que são a artrite relacionada à entesite (ERA) com evolução ou não para a espondilite juvenil (EJ), e a artrite psoriásica juvenil (APsj), bem como as artrites crônicas associadas às doenças inflamatórias intestinais. Além disso, processos traumáticos, infecciosos, mecânicos e a hipermobilidade também podem cursar com entesite. A entesite é geralmente diagnosticada por achados clínicos, incluindo dor localizada, sensibilidade e edema e, por vezes, incapacidade e restrição aos movimentos. Embora existam vários instrumentos para avaliá-la clinicamente, eles não são validados para a faixa etária pediátrica. Com relação à AIJ, subtipo ERA, os anti-inflamatórios não esteroidais (AINE) são o manejo farmacológico inicial, porém medicamentos modificadores do curso de doença (MMCDs), sintéticos ou biológicos, são frequentemente necessários, principalmente quando há comprometimento axial associado, resposta inadequada ao tratamento inicial ou comprometimento do desenvolvimento osteoarticular de crianças e adolescentes.

Unitermos: Entesite. Entesopatia. Espondiloartrites. Artrite relacionada com entesite. Êntese, diagnóstico, tratamento, abordagem clínica pediátrica. Criança. Adolescente.
Testicular neoplasm in ocelot (Leopardus pardalis – Linnaeus, 1758)
Authors: Teixeira Rodrigo H. F. , Costa André Luiz Mota da , Grego Caiaffa Mayara , Lincoln Silva Maraya , Biagioni Milena Cassemiro , Pires Silveira Juliana , P. Barbosa Bruna Emely , Nemer Viviane Cristhiane
Published: May 2021

Neoplastic growth is defined as an autonomous and progressive proliferation of cells which, in most cases, is correlated with the presence of a mass or tumor. Neoplasms are rarely reported in wild cats and the indicated treatment is almost always the excision of the new formation. There is a significant increase in the incidence of neoplasms in wild animals under human care, probably related to the increase in the longevity rate of animals kept in zoos. A specimen of ocelot (Leopardus pardalis) showed an increase in the volume of the right testicle and the patient was submitted to imaging and laboratory tests. The diagnosis was conclusive for seminoma and the patient underwent a unilateral orchiectomy. The patient has recovered well and will be followed-up over the next few years to monitor the presence of neoplasm in the body. This is the first report of seminoma in an ocelot.
APLIKASI AKUNTANSI PEMBERIAN KREDIT ANGGOTA PADA KOPERASI PRIMKOPPOL DI POLRES KUNINGAN
Authors: Army Widya Lelisa
Published: May 2021

Koperasi PRIMKOPPOL (Primer Koperasi Kepolisian) Polres Kuningan merupakan salah satu koperasi yang mempunyai andil besar terhadap kesejahteraan anggotanya. Dalam pencatatan pinjaman anggota koperasi PRIMKOPPOL Polres Kuningan pengelolaan data masih menggunakan komputerisasi sederhana, jadi banyak kesalahan dalam mencatat data anggota yang akan meminjam. Maka diperlukan sebuah aplikasi berbasis website yang akan memudahkan pengelolaan data pinjaman anggota di koperasi PRIMKOPPOL Polres Kuningan.Metode penelitian yang digunakan dalam pembuatan aplikasi akuntansi pemberian kredit anggota koperasi PRIMKOPPOL berbasis website ini dengan pengumpulan data observasi, wawancara dan studi kepustakaan yang tiap masing-masing memiliki data sekunder dan data primer didalamnya. Alat pengembangan sistem dengan model proses flowchart, flowmap, diagram konteks, data flow diagram, model data yang digunakan entity relationship diagram, dan rancangan database. Metode bahasa aplikasi pemrograman adalah mengunakan database didalamnya yaitu PHP dan MySQL dan metode perancangan aplikasi perangkat lunak.Aplikasi Akuntansi Pemberian Kredit Anggota pada Koperasi PRIMKOPPOL di Polres Kuningan dapat menghasilkan data kredit anggota, slip pencairan, dan jurnal yang akan memudahkan kegiatan koperasi PRIMKOPPOL Polres Kuningan.
Development of Small Business and Private Entrepreneurship Action Strategy: Results and Prospects
Authors:   Namangan Institute of Engineering Technology, Candidate of Economic Sciences, Associate Professor, Mamadjanovich Yuldashev Qodirjon
Published: May 2021

ANNOTATION: The article discusses the measures for the development of small business and private entrepreneurship, the development of small business and private entrepreneurship in the Republic of Uzbekistan and the further facilitation of the business environment for the free activities of entrepreneurs.
Editorial Alpha Centauri
Authors: DIAZ DUMONT JORGE RAFAEL
Published: May 2021

ALPHA CENTAURI, presenta el Vol. 2 Nº 2 (2021) de su Revista Científica y Tecnológica arbitrada y editada por Professionals On Line SAC y por el equipo de investigadores reconocidos por el estado peruano en el Registro Nacional Científico, Tecnológico y de Innovación Tecnológica RENACYT – CONCYTEC que conforman parte de su Consejo Editorial; esta es una publicación trimestral, gestionada mediante Open Journal System y la que tiene como objetivos: Promover y contribuir a la difusión de la investigación científica en las diferentes disciplinas del conocimiento, difundir los resultados de las diferentes investigaciones para diversas consultas y ser un medio de acceso abierto que recoge la producción científica de las comunidades académicas.
مفهوم اعتبار المآل وتطبيقه في سورة النساء
Authors: Mokhammad Ali Ridlo
Published: May 2021

One of the efforts to maintain the law of siyāq (context) is by applying the concept of i'tibār al-maāl to naṣ  texts (al-Qur`an and Hadith). It is because the text is general understanding while the law is static, so if the law is applied, it will not regard at a person's condition and context, nor will it even see the effect of the law and its origin. Such law is not allowed in Islamic law which prohibits the application of law regardless of the context of the incident and the application of the law. Therefore, this discussion comes with a qualitative-descriptive method to analyze the concept of i'tibār al-ma’āl and its application in surah al-Nisa' especially in social verses. This concept is part of Imam Malik's method of exploring law, and it seems tobe lack of discussion or reference in Indonesian, even the Arabic references are also rarely. On the other hand, surah al-Nisa is one of the long chapters and discusses a lot about social society, for example about how to build a good family strategy to build a good society.

Keywords: i'tibār al-maāl, surah al-Nisa ', social verse
Artificial Intelligence: the Application of Machine Learning and Predictive Analytics in Credit Risk
Authors:   Cerved, Bonini Stefano , Caivano Giuliana ,   Accenture
Published: May 2021

In the last years Machine Learning (and the Artificial Intelligence), is experiencing a new rush thanks to the growth of volume and kind of data, the presence of tools / software with higher computational power and cheaper data storage size (e.g. cloud). In Credit Risk Management, the PD (Probability of Default) estimation has attracted lots of research interests in the past literature and recent studies have shown that advanced Artificial Intelligence (AI) methods achieved better performance than traditional statistical methods tied to simplified Machine Learning techniques. The study empirically investigates the results of applying different advanced machine learning techniques in estimation and calibration of Probability of Default. The study has been done on big data sample with more than 800,000 Retail customers of a panel European Banks under ECB Supervision, with 10 years of historical information (2006 - 2016) and 300 variables to be analyzed for each customer. The study shows that neural network produces a higher population riskiness ranking accuracy, with 71% of Accuracy Ratio. However, the authors’ idea is that classification tree is more interpretable from an economic and credit point of view. In terms of model calibration, cluster analysis produces rating classes more stable and with a predicted risk probability aligned with the observed default rate.
Roles tróficos de la comunidad de macroinvertebrados y calidad ecológica del río Muincha
Authors: Ramos Robayo Yamile Astrid
Published: May 2021

Introducción: El suelo en áreas rurales del municipio de Turmequé-Boyacá-Colombia está destinado para actividades agrícolas y pecuarias en un 89%, lo cual tiene influencia en el estado ecológico del río Muincha. Objetivo: establecer los roles tróficos de la comunidad de macroinvertebrados y evaluar la calidad ecológica del río Muincha. Materiales y Métodos: Se realizaron 5 muestreos de la comunidad de macroinvertebrados durante los meses de mayo, junio, agosto, septiembre y noviembre de 2005. Las muestras de la comunidad de macroinvertebrados fueron colectadas en cuatro estaciones, tomando dos puntos cada una en un tramo entre 2431 y 2820 msnm del Río Muincha en Turmequé. Para evaluar la calidad ecológica se usaron los índices BMWP/Col (análisis biológico), EPT (análisis biológico) e INSF (análisis fisicoquímico), y se establecieron los roles tróficos de la comunidad de macroinvertebrados. Resultados: según BMWP/Col e INSF el río presenta agua de calidad aceptable (aguas ligeramente contaminadas) o de regular calidad. El ecosistema se encuentra alterado como consecuencia de la acción antrópica (ganadería y agricultura), la estación III presentó mayor afectación, y la Estación IV menor afectación. La contaminación encontrada posiblemente se deba al mal uso del suelo, evidenciado con la presencia constante y considerable de Colectores, Recolectores, Detritívoros (Ordenes Diptera, Seriata, Haplotaxida y Arthicobdellida), por la presencia de amonio y los altos valores de nitrato y fosfato. Conclusión: Se identificó una clara relación entre la diversidad de macroinvertebrados, los roles tróficos de los macroinvertebrados, la calidad del agua y los usos del suelo (calidad ambiental).
PATRIMONIO CULTURAL SUBMARINO: DOMINIO PÚBLICO, TITULARIDAD Y COMPETENCIAS DE LAS COMUNIDADES AUTÓNOMAS
Authors: BARCELONA LLOP JAVIER
Published: May 2021

En el presente trabajo se exponen algunas de las cuestiones jurídicas
más relevantes relacionadas con el patrimonio cultural submarino sito en el mar territorial.
En concreto, la aplicación a los bienes integrantes del mismo del concepto y régimen del
dominio público, con la salvedad de los buques de Estado de pabellón extranjero; la titularidad
estatal de los bienes culturales submarinos que son de dominio público; y que, salvo
excepciones muy concretas, la competencia para autorizar las intervenciones dirigidas al
patrimonio cultural sito en el mar territorial corresponde a las comunidades autónomas,
independientemente de que el espacio pertenezca al dominio público estatal y no forme
parte del territorio autonómico.

Lan honetan, jurisdikziopeko uretan dagoen itsaspeko kultura-ondarearekin
lotutako gai juridiko garrantzitsuenetako batzuk azaltzen dira. Hain zuzen ere: ondare
hori osatzen duten ondasunei jabari publikoaren kontzeptua eta erregimena aplikatzea, atzerriko
bandera duten estatu-itsasontziei izan ezik; jabari publikokoak diren itsaspeko kulturaondasunen
estatu-titulartasuna; eta jurisdikziopeko uretako kultura-ondarearekin lotutako
esku-hartzeetarako eskumena autonomia-erkidegoena izatea. Azken horri dagokionez, oso
salbuespen zehatz batzuk kenduta, autonomia-erkidegoek dute eskumen hori, eremua Estatuko
jabari publikokoa edo autonomia-erkidegoaren lurraldekoa den kontuan hartu gabe.

This present work explains some of the legal issues related to the
submarine cultural heritage by the territorial sea. Specifically, the application to the goods
that are part of it of the concept and legal regime of public domain, save the State ships
with foreign flag; the State ownership of submarine cultural goods of public domain; and
save very specific exceptions, the power to authorize the interventions over the cultural
heritage by the territorial sea belongs to the autonomous communities, regardless of that
space belongs to the state public domain and not to the autonomic territory.
EL RESPETO DE LOS DERECHOS FUNDAMENTALES COMO LÍMITE CONSTITUCIONAL AL LEGISLADOR (LA STC 203/2013, DE 5 DE DICIEMBRE, POR LA QUE SE DECLARA LA INCONSTITUCIONALIDAD DE LA LEY DE LA CIUDAD DEL MEDIO AM
Authors: BOUAZZA ARIÑO OMAR
Published: May 2021

En este trabajo se analiza la Sentencia del Tribunal Constitucional 203/2013, de 5 de diciembre, en la que el Alto Tribunal observa que no se ha justificado la excepcionalidad del proyecto urbanístico «Ciudad del Medio Ambiente», de contenido meramente administrativo, para su aprobación por Ley. Lo que ha tenido como consecuencia un menoscabo del derecho a la tutela judicial efectiva, ya que ha impedido a los titulares de derechos e intereses legítimos y a los ciudadanos en general, a través de la acción pública, su cuestionamiento ante la jurisdicción contencioso-administrativa, opción a la que sí hubieran tenido acceso si hubiera sido aprobado por un Decreto.

Lan honetan aztertzen da abenduaren 5eko Konstituzio Auzitegiaren 203/2013 Epaia, non Auzitegi Gorenaren ustez ez den behar bezala justifikatu administrazioedukia baino ez duen «Ingurumen Hiria» hirigintza-proiektua ezohikoa denik, Legeak onar dezan. Horrek benetako babes judizialaren eskubidea urratzen du, legezko eskubide eta interesen titularrek eta oro har herritarrek ezin izan baitute, egintza publikoaren bidez, hura zalantzan jarri administrazioarekiko auzien jurisdikzio aurrean, baina aukera hori izango zuketen Dekretu bidez onartu izan balitz.

This work anlayzes the judgment of the Constitutional Court 203/2013 from December 5th where the High Court states that the excepcionality of the urban project «City of the Environment» has not been justified, being of a purely administrative nature, so as to be passed by an Act. That has had as a consequence an impairment of the right to effective judicial protection since it has prevented the holders of rights and legitimate interests and citizens in general through the public action from their challenge before the contentious-administrative jurisdiction, an option that would have had if it had been passed by a Decree.
SOBRE LA REFORMA LOCAL Y LAS COMPETENCIAS MUNICIPALES PROPIAS
Authors: CARBONELL PORRAS ELOÍSA
Published: May 2021

La Ley 27/2013 ha modificado la legislación básica de régimen local para,
entre otras cosas, clarificar las competencias locales en general y evitar duplicidades en
particular, afectando, en consecuencia, a la delimitación de las competencias municipales
propias. Con ello, se ha suscitado el debate sobre el carácter cerrado o no de las materias
de competencia propia, la sujeción de nuevas competencias propias al régimen previsto
para las impropias o las consecuencias de la asunción autonómica de materias hasta ahora
de competencia municipal, cuestiones que son las que constituyen el objeto de este trabajo.

27/2013 Legeak toki-araubidearen oinarrizko legedia aldatu du, oro har
tokiko eskumenak argitzeko, eta, bereziki, bikoiztasunak saihesteko. Ondorioz, udalaren
eskumen propioen mugapenari eragiten dio. Hala, hainbat gairi buruzko eztabaida sortu
da, eta gai horiek jorratzen dira lan honetan: eskumen propioen izaera itxia den ala ez, eskumen
berri horiek udalenak ez diren eskumenetarako aurreikusitako araubidearen mende
dauden edota orain arte udalenak ziren eskumenak autonomia-erkidegoei ematearen ondorioak.

Act 27/2013 has modified basic legislation of local regime in order among
others to clarify the local competences in general and avoid duplicities in particular,
affecting consequently the delimitation of the own local competences. Thus, the debate
over the closed or not character of the subjects with proper competence, the submission
of new proper competences to the regime described for the improper ones or the
consequences of the autonomic assumption of matters until now of local competence has
arisen, issues that are the scope of this work.
ALGUNAS NOTAS DE UNA RELECTURA DE V. E. ORLANDO Y SANTI ROMANO SOBRE LA PERSONALIDAD JURÍDICA DEL ESTADO
Authors: CARRO FERNÁNDEZ-VALMAYOR JOSÉ LUIS
Published: May 2021

El trabajo contiene algunas notas seleccionadas a partir de una relectura
de los principales escritos de Vittorio Emanuele Orlando y de Santi Romano sobre la personalidad
jurídica estatal y, en general, sobre su concepción de las relaciones entre Derecho
y Estado.

Vittorio Emanuele Orlandok eta Santi Romanok estatuaren nortasun juridikoari
buruz idatzitakoa eta, oro har, Zuzenbidearen eta Estatuaren arteko harremanei buruz
emandako iritziak berriz irakurri ondoren bildutako zenbait ohar jaso dira lan honetan.

This work contains some selected notes from a reinterpretation of the
main writings of Vittorio Emanuele Orlando and Santi Romano regarding the state legal
personality and in general their conception of the relationships between Law and State.
INCIDÊNCIA E REPERCUSSÃO DO CÂNCER DE COLO UTERINO EM MULHERES NEGRAS NO MUNICÍPIO DE QUEIMADOS - RJ
Authors: Mendes Martins Leandro , De Aquino Oliveira Adriana , Veiga da Rocha Maria Clara , De Almeida Floriano Amanda , Virginio Daniel , Porath Azevedo Fassarella Bruna , Alves Ribeiro Wanderson , Vicente Alves Coutinho Vanessa
Published: May 2021

O debate sobre a saúde da mulher negra não tem sido um campo relevante ou uma área de conhecimento que venha despertando tanto interesse nas Ciências da Saúde. A produção de conhecimento científico nessa área é inexpressiva e essa temática não participa do currículo dos diferentes cursos de graduação e pós-graduação em saúde, com raríssimas exceções. Logicamente o tema em questão acaba sendo ignorado por grande parte de pesquisadores, estudantes e profissionais de saúde no Brasil. O presente estudo versou descrever a experiência frente ao índice de câncer do colo uterino em mulheres negras de 25 a 64 anos. Constatou-se que os entraves institucionais oriundos das questões de gestão tornam dificultoso a obtenção do cuidado, associados a esse fator, as características locais de cidade dormitório e o déficit de conhecimento acerca da periodicidade para realização de exames preventivos diferem entre mulheres negras e brancas. A adoção de medidas, como expansão de cobertura territorial em Saúde da Família, construção de vínculo entre profissional e usuários, implementação da Área Técnica de Atenção Integral a Saúde da População Negra e o uso da Educação em Saúde como ferramenta primordial de Promoção a Saúde foram alternativas encontradas para atenuar as disparidades existentes.
EVOLUÇÃO HISTÓRICA DOS EMPREGADOS DOMÉSTICOS E SEUS DIREITOS: PERSPECTIVAS DA EMENDA CONSTITUCIONAL Nº 72/2013
Authors: Da Silva Gabriel
Published: May 2021

A necessidade da existência de Lei para regulamentar e proteger os empregados domésticos como trabalhadores dotados de direitos, regulando a vida em sociedade evitando afronta aos direitos fundamentais, bem como avaliar e identificar o crescimento de direitos dos trabalhadores domésticos com a promulgação da Emenda Constitucional nº 72/2013, que trouxe amparo ao trabalhador doméstico, com a instituição de direitos, proporcionando uma jornada razoável, sem abuso ou desrespeito, verdadeiro avanço social. A evolução trabalhista alcançada pela EC 72/2013, trouxe maior atuação do Ministério Público do Trabalho e, a Justiça do Trabalho determinante na procura por igualdade de direitos e justiça social no mundo.
Effects of Retention Time in Nursery Containers and Root Pruning at Planting on Landscape Establishment and Anchorage of Three Tree Taxa
Authors: Gilman Edward , Paz Maria , Harchick Chris
Published: May 2021

Tree lodging in landscapes during storms has been attributed to root architecture in nurseries. Objectives of this study were to evaluate influence of retention time in three progressively larger nursery containers, and root pruning at landscape planting, on establishment, anchorage, and root architecture in the first four post-planting years. All trees were retained in three progressively larger containers (11, 57, and 170 L) for a total of 32 months, with varying retention times in each. Retention time had little influence on post-planting xylem water potential for Acer rubrum and Ulmus parvifolia. There were few differences in aboveground growth among retention times. Except for Acer, retention time had a negligible influence on anchorage. Root pruning by shaving 170 L root ball periphery when planting had no impact on growth except for one post-planting year. However, root pruning invoked a dramatic reduction in circling and descending roots four years after planting caused by root deflection in the final nursery container. Although root pruning had no influence on bending stress required to winch Magnolia trunks to any degree of trunk tilt, approximately 10% more bending stress was required to winch Acer trunks up to five degrees tilt when root balls were shaved at planting.
Uptake, Movement, and Persistence of Fungicides in Mature Coconut Palms in Florida, U.S.
Authors: Elliott Monica , Broschat Timothy
Published: May 2021

Palms are arborescent monocotyledons, with a vascular system different from eudicotyledonous trees. Compared to broadleaf trees, very little is known about the uptake, movement and persistence of systemic fungicides into the palm canopy. In this study, conducted in 2010 and 2012, four systemic fungicides were examined in coconut palms (Cocos nucifera) in Florida, U.S., using three different application methods. A bioassay method was used to detect the fungicides every four to five weeks in palm rachises located throughout the canopy. Thiophanate methyl, which can only be applied as a soil drench, was never detected. The same was true when propiconazole and thiabendazole were applied as soil drenches. Tebuconazole, applied via infusion, was also never detected, but this appeared to be due to formulation issues. Propiconazole was detected in only two of four palms in 2010, when applied via infusion. The labeled rate had increased by 2012, and when this new rate was applied via pressure injection, the fungicide was detected in all four replicate palms. Thiabendazole, when applied via infusion or pressure injection, was detected in all four replicate palms in both years. Propiconazole and thiabendazole persisted uniformly in the canopy for at least eight weeks after application, but amounts tapered off after that time. Neither fungicide was detected in any portion of the canopy after 28 weeks. Both fungicides were detected in leaves that emerged after their application. This suggests that these fungicides may be useful for controlling some canopy diseases.
Investigation of the Potential for Bark Patch Grafting to Facilitate Tree Wound Closure in Arboricultural Management Practice
Authors: Moore G.M. , McGarry P.G.
Published: May 2021

Grafting and budding are common horticultural techniques, and similar techniques have been successfully used in the management of tree wounds by bridge and approach grafting. The success of bark grafts raises the possibility of using bark patch grafts to span trunk wounds and pruning cuts. Fifty seedling trees from each of six commonly planted Australian native and exotic species—Acacia dealbata, Banksia integrifolia, Eucalyptus viminalis, Platanus × acerifolia, Quercus robur, and Pinus radiata—had circular plugs of bark removed from their stem using a #3 cork borer (9 mm diameter). The plugs were lifted from the stem and then re-attached at one of four rotations (0, 90, 180, and 270 degrees) to the original cambial orientation in each of the four seasons. While there was no successful re-attachment for Pinus radiata, the data for the successful re-attachment of the other five species showed that the most successful orientation for re-attachment was in the original position (0 degrees); successful attachment did occur at other orientations. The best season for re-attachment was spring, but successful attachment did occur in other seasons; success was lowest when grafting was undertaken in winter. The use of bark patch grafts may provide arborists with an additional method for dealing with large wounds caused by vandalism and accidents, and would be particularly useful if a tree was of special, historic, or environmental significance to the landscape. Covering the wound with a bark patch graft may conceal the removal of a branch, hide obvious scarring, and at the same time reduce the risk of disease and stress to the tree by closing the wound more quickly than would normally occur due to natural callusing.
Relative Susceptibility Among Arborvitae Cultivars to Arborvitae Leafminer, Argyresthia thuiella (Lepidoptera: Argyresthiidae)
Authors: Miller Fredric , Danielson Donna
Published: May 2021

Eighteen Thuja species and cultivars were evaluated for ovipositional preference for, and relative susceptibility to, feeding by the arborvitae leafminer. Thuja occidentalis ‘Hetz Midget’ and ‘Hoopesii’ were least susceptible; T. occidentalis cultivars 'Gracilis', 'Holmstrup', 'Spiralis', and 'Techny', and T. plicata 'Fastigiata', were intermediate in susceptibility; Thuja occidentalis cultivars 'Aurea', 'Douglasii Aurea', 'Globosa', 'Hetz Wintergreen', 'Smaragd', 'Umbraculifera', 'Wagneri', 'Wareana,' and 'Waxen', and species T. occidentalis, and T. plicata, were highly susceptible to ALM feeding. Short trees suffered significantly less feeding compared to tall trees, with number of infested branch tips (IBTs) increasing with tree height. Short trees (<4 m) had significantly more feeding damage in the upper canopy zone and tall trees (>4 m) had greater damage in the lower and middle zones. Trees with very dense canopies had significantly fewer IBTs compared to trees with sparse, medium, and dense canopies, with IBTs decreasing as canopy density increased. There were no significant associations between number of IBTs and canopy aspect. Plant height, growth habit, and canopy zone and density appear to influence infestation levels and possibly ovipositional preference. These findings suggest some important ALM management guidelines for the nursery and landscape industries.
Every Tree Counts: Reflections on NYC’s Third Volunteer Street Tree Inventory
Authors: Crown Crystal A. , Greer Benjamin Z. , Gift Danielle M. , Watt Fiona S.
Published: May 2021

TreesCount! 2015 (TC2015) was the third citizen-participatory inventory of street trees in New York City, New York, U.S. Every ten years, the New York City Department of Parks & Recreation has worked with citizen scientists to record the location, size, species, and condition of all public curbside trees. Volunteer street tree inventories promote awareness of the importance of the urban forest and support municipal urban forest management. New York City’s prior street tree inventories in 1995 and 2005 led to advances in customer service, funding for routine street tree pruning, and urban greening initiatives. TC2015 attracted 2,241 voluntary participants through multiple recruitment efforts, more than doubling involvement from 2005. Fully digital data collection improved data quality and facilitated near-real-time quality assurance of data, and advanced tree location methods increased spatial data accuracy from past inventories. Data-collection events and reward strategies were also implemented to promote volunteer engagement. Citizen scientists collected tree location data with a high-level of accuracy (96.1%) after minimal training. All 666,134 street trees surveyed in TC2015 populated NYC Parks’s operational forestry database, as well as a public facing map (NYC Street Tree Map) for tree stewards. The following paper describes TC2015 project design and execution, outlines some of the key changes made since the first inventory in 1995, and provides results-based recommendations for practitioners planning similar projects.
Resident Attitudes and Actions Toward Native Tree Species: A Case Study of Residents in Four Southern Ontario Municipalities
Authors: Almas Andrew , Conway Tenley
Published: May 2021

Urban forests are increasingly acknowledged as important areas for producing ecosystem services and maintaining ecosystem processes. In response, municipalities throughout North America have been adopting long-term plans to support strategic management of the urban forest. These plans have the potential to shape the urban forest for decades to come. Most management plans emphasize the planting of native trees, to improve ecological integrity and ecosystem services, and acknowledge the need for resident stewardship to help meet urban forestry goals. Residents’ support and action is crucial, since the majority of urban trees are located on residential property, yet it is unclear what residents’ attitudes and actions are regarding native trees. Using a case study of four municipalities in southern Ontario, Canada (two that have management plans that call for more native species plantings and two that do not), researchers administered a survey that explored residents’ attitudes and actions toward native tree species, focusing on the relationship between municipal emphasis on native species planting, household socio-demographics, and residents’ attitudes and actions toward native species. The results indicate that residents’ generally have positive attitudes toward native trees, although fewer are interested in planting native species if they create a hazard or increase costs. Moreover, these generally positive attitudes do not translate into emphasizing native species when actually selecting tree species to plant. This paper adds to existing research surrounding the need for further outreach and environmental education and greater availability of native plants in local nurseries.