bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Suplementação de selênio em indivíduos portadores de tireoidite de Hashimoto
Authors: Fakih Fatima , Rennó Verônica
Published: October 2021

A tiroide e um órgão de extrema importância para o ser humano por exercer funções imprescindíveis no organismo. Dentre as doenças que o órgão pode apresentar destaca-se a tireoidite de Hashimoto, um dos tipos de hipotireoidismo que possui etiologia autoimune que, atualmente, não tem cura. O estudo teve como objetivo avaliar a relação do selênio no controle e tratamento da tireoidite Hashimoto através de uma revisão de literatura realizada no período entre agosto e outubro de 2021, onde foram considerados os artigos publicados nos 10 últimos anos, que estavam disponíveis online na íntegra; escritos em inglês, português ou espanhol, a partir de estudos originais. Os resultados mostram que apesar de a literatura apresentar alguns estudos que apontam para a ineficácia da suplementação de selênio no tratamento da tireoidite de Hashimoto, diversos estudos publicados mostram que a suplementação desse mineral é relevante no auxílio do controle da doença. Sob este ponto de vista, deve-se avaliar de forma individual e específica cada indivíduo, analisando exames bioquímicos e consumo alimentar para que se possa atingir resultados satisfatórios quando se pensa em suplementação. É importante ainda, avaliar as fontes de selênio, doses e período de suplementação para constatar os benefícios que o selênio pode proporcionar para a saúde da tireoide e por consequência conquista da qualidade de vida.
دراسة تطبيقية لبعض الآيات القرآنية التي وقع فيها الإشكال (An Applied Study on Chosen Problematic Quranic Verses)
Authors: بنت حسن بن محمد تركي نبيلة
Published: October 2021

تهدف هذه الدراسة إلى بيان مفهوم مشكل القرآن، وذكر علة وجوده، ودراسة تطبيقية لمشكل القرآن الكريم. وقد اتبعت في هذه الدراسة أسلوب المنهج الاستقرائي الوصفي، حيث قمت بتتبع الدلالات اللغوية لمفردة مشكل وتعريف العلماء له اصطلاحًا وخلصت إلى وصف مفهوم المشكل، وبينت حكمة وجود المشكل في القرآن الكريم، ثم الدَّراسة التطّبيقية لآيات وقع الإشكال فيها عند البعض، وقفت من خلالها على توجيه هذا الإشكال الواقع في الآية، وتعرضت لأقوال العلماء في دفع هذا الإشكال وأجوبة المفسّرين المحققين حول ذلك، ثم الترجيح بين تلك الأقوال ما أمكن. وقد خلصت إلى النتيجة التالية: وهي أنه بد لمن أراد التمرس في دفع المشكل في ذلك من الرجوع إلى أقوال العلماء المحققين ومعرفة كيفية طرائقهم في دفع الإشكال، علما بأن بعض الإشكالات التي تقع قد يعرضها المفسر لطارئ يطرأ في الذهن، فالإشكال فيها نسبي قد يشكل على أحد ما لا يشكل على الآخر؛ فتعرض لمفسر دون آخر، وتعرض لأفراد دون آخرين، هذا مع ما ظهر من عناية المفسرين في توجيههم لتلك الإشكالات التي تقع ودحضهم لكل الشبه بالأدلة والبراهين.
 
الكلمات المفتاحية: دراسة، تطبيقية، مشكل، الإشكال، آيات.
Abstract
This study aims to clarify the concept of Mushkil al-Qurān, the wisdom behind it, and to present an applied study on Mushkil al-Qurān. The inductive descriptive method was followed by looking closely at the linguistic semantics of the word mushkil and its terminological definition presented by the scholars. A description of the concept of al-mushkil was concluded, as well as the wisdom behind having al-mushkil in Quran. Then, the applied study on certain problematic verses was conducted by raising the ambiguity (al-Ishkāl) related to them with referring to the opinions of the scholars and mufasirīn on how to remove the ambiguity, and finally suggesting tarjīh (lit. outweighing) between those opinions. The study concluded that whoever wishes to be experienced and skillful in dealing with Mushkil al-Qurān must refer to the opinions and ways of scholars in dealing with those problematic verses, while keeping in mind that the reality that certain verses are problematic is relative as some mufasirīn might consider it as such while others might not. Mufasirūn have been meticulous in dealing with the problematic verses and have been refuting the misconceptions with sound proofs and arguments.
Keywords: Applied, Study, Mushkil, Al-Ishkāl, Verses.
NEO-INDUSTRIAL IMPORT SUBSTITUTION STRATEGY IN UKRAINE
Authors: Anatoliy MAZARAKI , Tetiana МЕLNYK
Published: October 2021

Background. The high level of the country’s dependence on imports of goods and services leads to significant vulnerability of its economy to market fluctuations, adverse price trends in the world market and threatens the competitiveness of domestic production and exports. The analysis of recent research and publications reveals that the problems of import contribution to the process of commodity saturation of Ukraine’s domestic market, structural changes identification, strategic priorities and institutional transformations in the state implementation of import substitution policy need in-depth study. The aim of this paper is to study implementation possibilities of the strategy of neo-industrial import substitution in the economy of Ukraine. Materials and methods. Modern scientific concepts, theoretical work on development and analysis of internal market functioning, statistical data are theoretical and methodological basis of this paper. Methods of statistical analysis, synthesis, grouping and graphical representation of the results were used to achieve the research purpose and implementation of the tasks. Results. The concept of neo-industrial import substitution is considered. The present state of Ukraine’s domestic market development and foreign trade is analyzed, the determinants of import dependence of Ukraine’s economy are defined. Thus, problematic issues of institutional support for the implementation of neo-industrial import substitution strategy in Ukraine are outlined, the proposals for its realization are made. Conclusion. Thus, we believe thatit is necessary to overcome barriers (organizational, institutional, technological) that hinder the implementation of neo-industrial economy model for realization of neo-industrial import substitution strategy in Ukraine. It provides performance of a set of conditions: the formation of a favorable institutional regime for the development of import-substituting productions, purposeful outing to the institutional trajectory of neo-industrial development, the formation of necessary institutional environment with general economic program development of neo-industrial import substitution. Keywords: foreign trade, import, domestic market, import substitution, import dependence, neo-industrial import substitution, structure of import use.
POST-PANDEMIC ADAPTATION OF LUXURY RESTAURANTS
Authors: Svitlana MELNYCHENKO , Tetiana TKACHUK , Bohdan SHRAM
Published: October 2021

Background. The biggest losses during the global COVID-19 pandemic were in the restaurant business, in particular in the premium segment, which is the flagship of global market trends. New challenges of the external environment force enterprises to find innovative adaptation mechanisms for further development and competition in the market. The aim of the studyis to analyze, determine and predict the adaptability of the current state of the world market of restaurant services, in particular – luxury segment, in a viral pandemic. Materials and methods.The methodological basis of the research was statistical and graphical methods, which in combination allowed to analyze the dynamics of development and adaptability of luxury services in the global market of restaurant services. The information base for the study was the work of domestic and foreign scientists and Internet sources. Results.The state of the world market of restaurant services in pandemic conditions is investigated. Based on the analysis of world ratings and opinions of business experts, the issue of pandemic challenges of restaurants of various formats is substantiated, probable directions of changes and development of the world market of restaurant services are determined. To restart the operation of the restaurant business in the post pandemic period, adaptive mechanisms for its restoration and development have been identified, taking into account the features and requirements of the luxury services restaurant market. Conclusion. The COVID-19 pandemic has had a significant negative impact on the activities of most restaurant establishments of various formats, including premium segment restaurants. At the same time, the global pandemic crisis has provoked institutions to seek innovative adaptive approaches. During the period of destabilization and adaptive resumption of activities, the main priorities of institutions should be, first of all, updating operating procedures, updating the customer base to return them to the restaurant, adjusting the menu to change consumer habits and preferences, improving delivery service and more. Given the prognostic data of world experts on the future of the restaurant industry in post-pandemic conditions, the modern restaurant business is in an active phase of its restart and innovative development. Keywords: premium segment restaurants, luxury service, fine dining, digitalization of business, the global market of elite restaurant services, pandemic COVID-19, Michelin star, adaptive development mechanisms.
FINANCING OF MUNICIPAL UTILITY ENTERPRISES UNDER CONDITIONS OF BUDGET CONSTRAINTS
Authors: Kateryna BAGATSKA , Hanna BLAKYTA
Published: October 2021

Background. The article investigates the principles of budget financing, the principles of enterprise and corporate financing, and the principles of social entrepreneurship. The scientific approaches on the interpretation of the given principles of financing are generalized and systematized. Expediency of the separate principle’s application in the context of the municipal enterprise functioning is substantiated. The principles of the municipal utility enterprises financing are proposed with consideration to social significance of the municipal enterprises in the system of economic activity of the territorial community. Materials and methods. The historical method, analysis and synthesis, the method of deduction were used in theoretical systematization of the budget financing and enterprise financing principles. Derivation of the principles of financing utilities on the basis of scientist’s opinions systematization is performed using the inductive method. The conclusions of the study are formed by the abstract-logical method. Results. The principles of municipal utilities financing should be based on the principles of budget financing, as these enterprises are recipients of funds from local budgets.However, the utility enterprise operates on the commercial basis, the principles of its financing should take into account the principles of private sector enterprises financing. We have developed the principles of a municipal utility company financing, which are grouped into two categories – general and specific principles. Conclusion. We have proposed the principles of utilities financing with their division into universal and specific, taking into account the commercial nature of such enterprises and their social significance. And furthermore, these principles allow to justify the functions, methods and approaches to utility enterprise financing, which will be a topic for future research. Keywords: municipal utility enterprise, financing principles, budget financing, corporate financing.
From Temporary Migrants to National Inclusion?
Authors: Spjut Lina
Published: October 2021

This article explores ways in which textbook content can reflect national identity over time via a case study of Swedish textbooks. To this end, it analyzes and contextualizes descriptions of Finnish labor migrants in Sweden in seventy-four compulsory school textbooks. The Finnish labor group emigrated from Finland to Sweden mainly from the 1950s to the 1980s. Initially, the Swedish authorities saw them as temporary laborers, but as time went by, the authorities had to realize that they had become permanent residents. In 2000, Finns were defined as an official national minority, “Sweden-Finns,” and their status changed. This article examines representations of Finnish labor migrants in Swedish history, geography and social science textbooks published between 1954 and 2016, tracing their journey from temporary laborers to a permanent national minority.
Ein Opfernarrativ macht Schule?
Authors: Jochum Nils
Published: October 2021

Mit dem krisenhaften Übergang von der “Ersten” zur “Zweiten” Republik in den 1990er Jahren hat sich in Italien ein “Erinnerungsboom” um die vormals marginalisierten foibe-Massaker entwickelt. Aus den begrenzten, aber komplexen Gewalt-Ereignissen an der italienischen Ostgrenze am Ende des Zweiten Weltkrieges wird ein nationales Opfernarrativ konstruiert, welches die faschistischen Verbrechen verblassen lässt. Das Gesetz zur Einführung des Gedenktages aus dem Jahr 2004 erhebt die foibe zum Bildungsauftrag der Schulen. Wie werden die foibe seitdem in italienischen Geschichtsschulbüchern, die keiner staatlichen Kontrolle unterliegen, gedeutet? Die Analyse der Schulbücher offenbart ein sehr breites Deutungsspektrum der foibe. Die Darstellungen oszillieren zwischen der nationalen Opfererzählung und den historischen Erkenntnissen zur italienischen Tätergeschichte im Zweiten Weltkrieg.
Empowering Critical Memory Consciousness in Education
Authors: Dessingué Alexandre , Knutsen Ketil
Published: October 2021

This article addresses memory studies from an educational perspective. In order to encourage pupils and students as independent agents in memory cultures they are part of, it is not enough to (as history education prescribes) learn history as a narrative about the past based on official sources or via the analyses of different uses of history. Rather, today history should also be considered as one of many different dynamic memory acts that define and redefine the past and the societies we live in. We therefore develop the concept of critical memory consciousness and argue for a memory pedagogy that gives learners the possibility to analyze memories that arise out of collective, cultural, and dialogic processes.
Towards the dynamic coefficient
Authors: Kartopoltsev A. V. , Kartopoltsev V. M. , Kukhachenko S. A.
Published: October 2021

For the first time, this paper studies the fundamental conditions of the dynamics of bridge spans under non-stationary oscillations with regard to the mass inertia of the span–vehicle system. Based on the dynamic analysis of the stress-strain state of spans under changing live load, the mechanical and energy principles of additional dynamic load characterized by the dynamic coefficient, are formulated and substantiated. It is found that the dynamic coefficient slightly depends on the system vibrations due to the temporary nature of its application. The amplitudefrequency characteristics of the dynamic stress-strain state are considered in the mode of stable oscillations only. Theoretical and experimental studies of road bridges of various designs and lengths confirm the relationship between the dynamic coefficient and the parameters of damping and resonance. It is found that the dynamic coefficient reflecting the energy balance of the system allows considering the critical ratios of the equilibrium amplitudes and dynamic stiffness of the spans under the changing effect of the live load as well as the presence of road defects and span bearing elements in terms of the well-known Hurwitz criterion.
Architecture of industrial buildings for small and medium business in Southern Federal District
Authors: Grigor'eva L. M.
Published: October 2021

The article identifies the most relevant problems of industrial architecture of small and medium business, confirmed by the survey data obtained by specialists in this field. The influence of the key time factor is described. The principle of small-scale functional zoning is shown. The proposed spatial and time algorithms of the enterprise design allow preventing these problems.
Towards a typological profile of the North Siberian substrate
Authors: Gusev Valentin
Published: October 2021

The paper deals with a number of typologically rare features present in the languages of Northern Siberia (Nenets, Enets, Nganasan, Ewenki, Neghidal, Ewen, to some extent also Yukaghir and Chukchi); these features are: interrogative mood of the verbs, intraclitics, nominal tense, polysemy ‘real’ / ‘autochtonous’. They are absent in the languages spoken to the south, including other Uralic and Tungusic languages, thus being of clearly areal character. On the other hand, none of the existing languages can be regarded as a source of these features, so that their origin must be due to a common substrate. Interestingly, all the four features are well attested in the Eskaleut languages. These features allow us to make some hypotheses about the typological profi le of the languages spoken in Northern Siberia about 1000–2000 years ago. They must have been diff erent from the Uralo-Altaic type, but probably were typologically close to the present-day Eskaleut (Unangan-Yupik-Inuit).
Yellow or green? Distinguishing green and yellow colors in Albanian
Authors: Aleksandra Chivarzina
Published: October 2021

When studying the system of color terms in the Albanian language, one can notice that it significantly diff ers from the corresponding systems in the neighboring Balkan languages in a number of parameters. This article considers the basic color terms for ‘green’ and ‘yellow’ in the Albanian language, which clearly demonstrate how contacts of different nations in the Balkans could aff ect the color categories, in particular these two fragments of the Albanian system of color terms. During the Roman era, Latin borrowings entered the language and became the most common way of denoting these two colors. Turkish, being the language of the privileged population for many centuries, has also left deep traces in the lexical system of Albanian. The color terms of Proto-Albanian origin are marginal in the language compared to the borrowed ones. The present article discusses the diff erentiation of various expressions of diff erent origin for yellow and green in Albanian.
Causal vs. causative constructions: A tentative analysis
Authors: Xrakovskij Viktor S.
Published: October 2021

The paper proposes a contrastive functional and semantic analysis of causal and causative constructions. To our knowledge, this is the fi rst probe of this kind, although both types of constructions describe identical composite causative situations wherein a situation of cause interacts with a situation of consequence determined by the cause. The two construction types diff er in their syntactic structure. Causal constructions consist of two clauses — the main clause describing the consequence, and the dependent clause describing the cause. Causatives are single-clause constructions where verbal predicate’s arguments denote the participants in both the cause and the consequence, while a description of the cause itself is mostly optional. Correspondingly, the focus of a causal construction is the cause, while the focus of a causative construction is the consequence. Another notable diff erence is that causative constructions can function as either of a causal construction’s clauses.
Combined optimization of a linear PM actuator with trapezoidal PMs and coils considering fringing effect for precision engineering
Authors: Chen Jun-Wei
Published: October 2021

For precision engineering, a linear PM-moving actuator with trapezoidal PMs and trapezoidal coils considering the fringing effect is proposed. To take into account the effect of the finite-long trapezoidal PM array, an improved Fourier series expansion is developed to calculate the fringing-included magnetic field. Then the full-stroke thrust excited by the trapezoidal coils is accurately predicted and validated by the finite element method. Sensitivity of the trapezoidal parameters of PMs and coils is analyzed, and combined optimization is implemented by the genetic algorithm. Through the Pareto optimal solutions of thrust, the relation of the PM-coil parameter combination is described and formulated by curve fitting. Compared with the traditional rectangular PM actuators or other trapezoidal-typed actuators, the proposed actuator with trapezoidal PMs and coils further decreases the thrust ripple and largely increases the thrust magnitude simultaneously, and reaches an utmost-close effective stroke as well.
Information quantity of traffic signs in grassland highways based on visual load
Authors: Li Xiaoju , Han Lei , Zhu Shoulin , Gao Mingxing
Published: October 2021

To determine the proper range of information quantity of traffic signs in the straight line sections of grassland highways, we have established virtual scenes of such sections of highways with varying levels of information quantity, and we have carried out an experiment on simulated driving. During the research, the method of principal component analysis (PCA) is adopted, and indicators related to eye movements are selected, which prove to be sensitive to the information quantity of traffic signs. Moreover, the pattern of variations is analyzed to examine how the information quantity of traffic signs may impose an impact on drivers’ visual load, and the experimental results are assessed and verified in a subjective manner. The research findings indicate that the information quantity of traffic signs could impose a significant impact on the fixation duration, saccade duration, saccade amplitude and fixation entropy of drivers. Within the proper range of information quantity (20–30 bits/km), drivers have shown stronger ability to acquire and process information with higher searching efficiency and optimal strategy of allocating attention, which will facilitate safe driving. The subjective assessment of drivers’ workload has also proven the validity of the research findings.
Semiconductor nano materials in the reconstruction of wearable human body sensor
Authors: Pan Junbai , Zheng Yangong , Jin Jinkai , Cai Xiang , Wang Chencheng
Published: October 2021

In view of the shortcomings of the current wearable human body sensor, such as poor comfort and low sensing accuracy, the application of semiconductor nano materials in the reconstruction of wearable human body sensor is studied. The best zinc concentration of 10 mm and the best reaction temperature of 75∘C were selected as experimental conditions to prepare the modified silk. The two ends of the silk sensor were connected by silver glue and wire respectively to form a single silk sensor. The sensor is placed in the wearable clothing of the wearable human body sensor, which uses the sensor to sense the physiological signal of human body and sends it to the control center. The central processing unit of the control center uses the data eigenvalue fusion decision-making method of BP neural network to process the physiological data of human body and then transmits it to the display terminal to realize the physiological data induction of human body. The experimental results show that the human body sensor can effectively sense human heart rate, blood oxygen signal, blood pressure and other physiological signals, and the sensing accuracy is above 97%.
Digital holographic microscopy of highly sensitive living cells
Authors: Yang Shuntao
Published: October 2021

In order to solve the problem that the existing living cell microscopy technology can not display the detailed information of cells, a high sensitivity digital holographic living cell microscopy technology is proposed in this paper. By measuring the phase distribution and refractive index distribution of living cells, the data of living cells are extracted and converted into digital hologram of living cells. Simulation and comparison of the commonly used two-dimensional living cell microscope methods. The experimental results show that the high-sensitivity digital holographic microscopic detection method can obtain the detailed information of living cells, which proves the effectiveness of this study.
Fuzzy comprehensive evaluation method for integral stability of box girder with corrugated steel webs
Authors: Xu Bo , Li Chuanxi , Zhang Yiqing
Published: October 2021

The traditional stability evaluation method of corrugated steel web box girder ignores the calculation of evaluation index weight, which leads to large deviation of evaluation results. Therefore, a new fuzzy comprehensive evaluation method for the overall stability of box girder with corrugated steel webs is proposed. According to the structural characteristics of corrugated steel web box girder, the stability coefficient of corrugated steel web box girder is calculated, and the stability calculation index of corrugated steel web box girder is obtained. In this paper, the constraint equation of bridge instability process is introduced, and Midas civil software is used to simulate the instability of box girder with corrugated steel webs during bridge construction. Based on this, the instability of the bridge is analyzed, the index weight of the anti-instability ability of the box girder with corrugated steel webs under different loads is calculated, and the overall stability of the box girder with corrugated steel webs is evaluated by fuzzy comprehensive evaluation. The test results show that this method can accurately evaluate the overall stability of box girder with corrugated steel webs, and the calculation accuracy is increased by 32.7% and the calculation speed is increased by about 1.62 seconds. It has high credibility and authenticity.
The New Satisfaction with Life and Treatment Scale (SLTS-7) in Patients with Parkinson’s Disease
Authors: Sauerbier Anna ,   on behalf of EUROPAR and the International Parkinson and Movement Disorders Society Non-Motor Parkinson’s Disease Study Group, Bachon Pia , Ambrosio Leire , Loehrer Philipp A. , Rizos Alexandra , Jost Stefanie T. , Gronostay Alexandra , Konitsioti Agni , Barbe Michael T. , Fink Gereon R. , Ashkan Keyoumars , Nimsky Christopher , Visser-Vandewalle Veerle , Chaudhuri K. Ray , Timmermann Lars , Martinez-Martin Pablo , Dafsari Haidar S.
Published: October 2021

Background: The satisfaction with life and, in particular, with treatment in Parkinson’s disease (PD) is understudied. Objective: To explore a new 7-item rating tool assessing satisfaction with life and treatment (SLTS-7) in PD. Methods: In this cross-sectional, multi-center study, including patients screened for advanced therapies, psychometric characteristics of the SLTS-7 were analyzed. An exploratory factor analysis identified the underlying factorial structure of the SLTS-7. Results: 117 patients were included, and the data quality of the SLTS-7 was excellent (computable data 100%), and acceptability measures satisfied standard criteria. Besides the global assessment (item 1), the exploratory factor analysis produced item 2 (physical satisfaction) as an independent item and two factors among the remaining items: items 3–5 (psycho-social satisfaction), and items 6 and 7 (treatment satisfaction). Cronbach’s alpha was 0.89, indicative of high internal consistency. The SLTS-7 total score correlated moderately with motor symptoms and weakly with non-motor symptoms total scores. SLTS-7 showed the highest correlations with the European Quality of Life with 5 items (EQ-5D) visual analog scale (0.43–0.58, p < 0.01), indicating a moderate convergent validity. The SLTS-7 significantly increased with higher non-motor symptoms burden levels (p = 0.002). Conclusion: Life satisfaction in PD covers three specific aspects, namely physical, psycho-social, and treatment satisfaction. The new SLTS-7 is a valid, reliable, and easy-to-use tool to assess satisfaction with life and treatment in patients with PD screened for advanced therapies. Longitudinal studies analyzing the effect of advanced PD treatment on life and treatment satisfaction are warranted.
Rate of Hospitalizations and Underlying Reasons Among People with Parkinson’s Disease: Population-Based Cohort Study in UK Primary Care
Authors: Okunoye Olaitan , Horsfall Laura , Marston Louise , Walters Kate , Schrag Anette
Published: October 2021

Background: Hospitalization in Parkinson’s disease (PD) is associated with reduced quality of life, caregiver burden and high costs. However, no large-scale studies of rate and causes of hospitalizations in patients with PD have been published. Objective: To investigate the rate and reasons for hospitalization and factors associated with hospitalization among people with PD compared to the general population. Methods: We examined rate and causes of admission in PD patients and matched controls in The Health Improvement Network from 2006 to 2016. Multivariable Poisson regression was used to explore the effects of age, gender, social deprivation, urbanicity and practice geographic location on hospitalization. Results: In the longitudinal data from 9,998 newly diagnosed individuals with PD and 55,554 controls without PD aged ≥50 years, 39% of PD patients and 28% of controls were hospitalised over a median follow-up of 5.1 years. The adjusted incidence rate ratio (IRR) of hospitalization in PD compared to controls was 1.33 (95% CI:1.29–1.37) and rose with increased follow-up duration. Hospitalization rate was overall higher in the older age groups, but the adjusted IRR of hospitalization compared to controls was highest in the youngest age group. PD patients were more often admitted with falls/fractures, infections, gastrointestinal complications, PD, dementia, psychosis/hallucinations, postural hypotension, electrolyte disturbances, stroke and surgical procedures and slightly less often due to hypertension. Conclusion: People with PD have an increased hospitalization rate compared to controls, particularly in the younger age groups, and it increases with longer disease duration. The complications of motor and non-motor features of PD are amongst the main reasons for admission, some of which could be managed preventatively to avoid admissions.
Diagnostic criteria for enduring sexual dysfunction after treatment with antidepressants, finasteride and isotretinoin
Authors: Healy David , Bahrick Audrey , Bak Maarten , Barbato Angelo , Calabrò Rocco Salvatore , Chubak Barbara M. , Cosci Fiammetta , Csoka Antonei B. , D’Avanzo Barbara , Diviccaro Silvia , Giatti Silvia , Goldstein Irwin , Graf Heiko , Hellstrom Wayne J.G. , Irwig Michael S. , Jannini Emmanuele A. , Janssen Paddy K.C. , Khera Mohit , Kumar Manoj Therayil , Le Noury Joanna , Lew-Starowicz Michał , Linden David E.J. , Lüning Celine , Mangin Dee , Melcangi Roberto Cosimo , Rodríguez Omar Walid Muquebil Ali Al Shaban , Panicker Jalesh N. , Patacchini Arianna , Pearlman Amy M. , Pukall Caroline F. , Raj Sanjana , Reisman Yacov , Rubin Rachel S. , Schreiber Rudy , Shipko Stuart , Vašečková Barbora , Waraich Ahad
Published: October 2021

BACKGROUND: A set of enduring conditions have been reported in the literature involving persistent sexual dysfunction after discontinuation of serotonin reuptake inhibiting antidepressants, 5 alpha-reductase inhibitors and isotretinoin. OBJECTIVE: To develop diagnostic criteria for post-SSRI sexual dysfunction (PSSD), persistent genital arousal disorder (PGAD) following serotonin reuptake inhibitors, post-finasteride syndrome (PFS) and post-retinoid sexual dysfunction (PRSD). METHODS: The original draft was designed using data from two published case series (Hogan et al., 2014 and Healy et al., 2018), which represent the largest public collections of data on these enduring conditions. It was further developed with the involvement of a multidisciplinary panel of experts. RESULTS: A set of criteria were agreed upon for each of the above conditions. Features of PSSD, PFS and PRSD commonly include decreased genital and orgasmic sensation, decreased sexual desire and erectile dysfunction. Ancillary non-sexual symptoms vary depending on the specific condition but can include emotional blunting and cognitive impairment. PGAD presents with an almost mirror image of unwanted sensations of genital arousal or irritability in the absence of sexual desire. A new term, post-SSRI asexuality, is introduced to describe a dampening of sexual interest and pleasure resulting from a pre-natal or pre-teen exposure to a serotonin reuptake inhibitor. CONCLUSIONS: These criteria will help in both clinical and research settings. As with all criteria, they will likely need modification in the light of developments.
Methylene blue versus vasopressin analog for refractory septic shock in the preterm neonate: A randomized controlled trial
Authors: Ismail R. , Awad H. , Allam R. , Youssef O. , Ibrahim M. , Shehata B.
Published: October 2021

BACKGROUND: Refractory septic shock in neonates is still associated with high mortality, necessitating an alternative therapy, despite all currently available treatments. This study aims to assess the vasopressor effect of methylene blue (MB) in comparison to terlipressin (TP) as adjuvant therapy for refractory septic shock in the preterm neonate. METHODS: A double-blinded randomized controlled trial was conducted in the Neonatal Intensive Care Units at Ain Shams University, Egypt. Thirty preterm neonates with refractory septic shock were randomized to receive either MB or TP as an adjuvant to conventional therapy. Both MB and TP were administered as an intravenous loading dose followed by continuous intravenous infusion. The hemodynamic variables, functional echocardiographic variables, and oxidant stress marker were assessed over a 24 h period together with the side effects of MB. RESULTS: MB causes significant improvement in mean arterial blood pressure with a significant decrease of the norepinephrine requirements (1.15±0.21μm/kg/min at baseline vs. 0.55±0.15μm/kg/min at 24 h). MB infusion causes an increase of the pulmonary pressure (44.73±8.53 mmHg at baseline vs. 47.27±7.91 mmHg after 24 h) without affecting the cardiac output. Serum malonaldehyde decreased from 5.45±1.30 nmol/mL at baseline to 4.40±0.90 nmol/mL at 24 h in the MB group. CONCLUSION: Administration of MB to preterm infants with refractory septic shock showed rapid increases in systemic vascular resistance and arterial blood pressure with minimal side effects.
Improving official statistics on stateless people: Challenges, solutions, and the road ahead1
Authors: Strode Mary , Khanna Melanie
Published: October 2021

Statelessness is the situation of people who are not considered as nationals of any State. The disadvantages of not having a nationality can be severe, as stateless people typically lack access to the socio-economic and political rights enjoyed by citizens. As a result, people without citizenship are particularly vulnerable to severe forms of exploitation and abuse, such as human trafficking. One of the biggest challenges facing advocates is the lack of reliable statistics about statelessness. There is no definitive or reliable global estimate, national figures are scant in most regions of the world, and where they exist, they are often of questionable quality. Furthermore, there are many challenges to collecting data about this marginalised and hidden group who may not wish to declare their status, or may not know of their status in settings where most people lack formal documentation. In order to help address this data gap, a number of actors under the umbrella of the Expert Group on Refugee and IDP Statistics (EGRIS) are now collaborating to produce draft International Recommendations on Statelessness Statistics (IROSS). This paper summarises the progress made to date by the EGRIS in preparing this new set of recommendations for consideration by the UN Statistical Commission.
New developments in central bank statistics around the world1
Authors: Rosolia Alfonso , Stapel-Weber Silke , Tissot Bruno
Published: October 2021

A key lesson from central banks’ experience during the COVID-19 pandemic, as both users and producers of economic and financial data, is the need to broaden their ability to face future shocks that can test the resilience of today’s economies in unexpected ways. This could be achieved by developing higher-frequency, more granular and timelier indicators, leveraging on the growing availability of alternative data sources. In particular, increased digitalization is bringing new types of information that can complement and expand traditional analysis and statistical measurements. Yet, a key issue is that reaping the full the benefits of such new and alternative data sources can face several important challenges.
How organizational citizenship behavior is promoted among nurses: A moderated mediation model
Authors: Anitha Elavarasi G.N. , Suganthi L.
Published: October 2021

BACKGROUND: Health care environment relies to a great extent on positive nursing behaviors. So in this study, individual difference factors were taken into account in explaining organizational citizenship behavior by integrating trait theory, conservation of resource theory, and affective event theory. OBJECTIVE: The present study examines whether work burnout mediates the relationship between the extraversion trait and organizational citizenship behavior, then investigating whether the mediating effect is moderated by emotional contagion. METHOD: The study employs cross-sectional design and questionnaire-based survey was used to collect the data from 311 nurses working in private hospitals. RESULTS: The findings reveals that extraversion trait is positively related to organizational citizenship behavior. Then, work burnout partially mediates the relationship between extraversion and organizational citizenship behavior. Further, moderated mediation analysis discloses the indirect effect of extraversion on organizational citizenship behavior through work burnout is a decreasing function of emotional contagion. CONCLUSION: The study reports extravert nurses are likely to exhibit more organizational citizenship behavior through reduced work burnout. However, nurses should maintain low level of emotional contagion to have stronger mediating effects. Training should be provided to nursing staff to understand and handle the level of emotional contagion exist among them unconsciously.
¿Ideología de género?
Authors: Valenzuela Rettig Pilar
Published: October 2021

Se dio a conocer un oficio proveniente de la Cámara de Diputados dirigido a la Universidad de Chile y a la Universidad de Santiago en donde se solicitan un «informe sobre cuántos cursos, centros, programas y planes de estudio se refieren a temáticas relacionadas con estudios de género, ideología de género, perspectiva de género, diversidad sexual y feminismo, detallando sus principales características e individualizando a los funcionarios o docentes que están a cargo de ellos». A pesar de que esta solicitud oficial tiene fecha en julio del presente año, el tema surge a discusión a partir de una declaración pública que rechaza el oficio por las connotaciones de esta «suerte de inquisición», argumentando que la «ideología de género» es un término que se ha usado para denostar los estudios sobre feminismos que son abordados de la academia como «teoría crítica» y nunca como «ideología».
International legal regulation of healthcare development in the OECD
Authors: Tlepina Sh.V.
Published: October 2021

The article examines the issue of international legal regulation of matters of strategic development of healthcare using the example of the OECD member states. The issues of the activities of the International Labor Organization through the implementation of conventions and recommendations are considered. ILO Conventions and Recommendations play an important role in the development of health care in the context of the pandemic. The outbreak of the coronavirus disease (COVID-19) is testing the national health systems, their resilience, preparedness, and speed of response to emergencies. The rapid spread of COVID-19 emphasizes the urgent need to strengthen the health system. Conditions particularly relevant during the pandemic include working hours, including the regulation and compensation of overtime, inconvenient working hours, and shifts; weekly rest; maternity leave; sick leave; social security. The right of workers (including migrant workers) to form trade unions is of great significance. The right to association is also one of the important means of labor regulation, as well as for medical workers. To ensure the efficiency of measures taken in response to the COVID-19 outbreak and its aftermath, there is needed an environment of trust through social dialogue and tripartism.
SONOGRAPHIC IMAGING OF ACUTE SCROTAL PAIN
Authors: Saxena Naman , Nagar Amlendu , Singh Sheetal , Ahirwar Pradeep
Published: October 2021

Background: An acute scrotum is defined as acute pain with or without scrotal swelling, may be accompanied by local signs or general symptoms. Acute scrotal pain is a medical emergency. Depending on cause, the management is entirely different. Torsion of testis and strangulated hernia are surgical emergency; whereas, epididymo-orchitis is treated by medicines. Testicular trauma and obstructed hernia can be differentiated by taking history from patient. Clinical /Physical examination adds only a little information. Color Doppler ultrasound is the modality of choice to differentiate testicular torsion from inflammatory conditions.

Aim of Study: The aim of this study is to observe the epidemiology of acute scrotum and their presentation, there by facilitating a systematic approach in identifying those patients who need early intervention to decrease associated morbidity and mortality.

Conclusion: Acute scrotum is a common case seen in the today's scenario with considerable mortality and morbidity. In our study acute epididymo-orchitis was the commonest cause followed by torsion of testis the primary objective of management of acute scrotum is to avoid testicular loss. Acute scrotal swellings are common in younger & middle age individuals with variable symptoms. These cases need careful examination, proper evaluation and prompt treatment. The likelihood of testicular salvage in torsion depends on the interval between onset of pain and surgical intervention. Routine clinical examination gives only a little information. Doppler ultrasound assessment of patients at intermediate clinical risk of testicular torsion significantly reduced the frequency of negative surgical explorations without increased rate of missed testicular torsions.(1) In the imaging algorithm for testicular torsion in childhood, we differentiate between the two main entities, the peri- and neonatal torsion and torsions in children and infants older than 1 month. Imaging should not cause any delay in diagnosis but contribute to increase the specificity of diagnosis of testicular torsion in order to avoid unnecessary surgical explorations. (2)

Keywords: Sonographic Imaging in Acute Scrotal Pain.
Rotated grazing in Brachiaria brizantha cv. marandu to improve milk production
Authors: Soares Marcio Groto , Camargo Simone Cristina , Frassetto Matheus Orlandin , Abreu Hélio Mar de
Published: October 2021

In dairy properties, in order for there to be an increase in profit, it is necessary to increase the efficiency of production factors, especially nutrition, which impacts the fixed cost. Increasingly, a balance is sought between the supply of feed and pasture. The rotational grazing method has been adopted by several producers, as it has good productivity in a smaller area. However, the pastures used in this type of grazing, despite their excellent quality, have higher nutritional requirements. The objective of this work was to carry out an economic analysis of the cost of milk production, through the implantation of rotational grazing, and exchange of native pasture for Brachiaria brizantha cv. marandu, on a family farm. This work was prepared in the city of Foz do Iguaçu. An area of ​​6300m2 was used, divided into 28 paddocks of 225m2 using an electric fence. The total cost of production was R$6,047.40, with a positive margin of R$5.143.61 per year. According to the results obtained in the economic analyses, it is concluded that the implantation of rotational grazing and the exchange of native pasture for Brachiaria brizantha cv. Marandu is a viable management, since the income generated by the sale of milk was sufficient to cover the total costs of production.
Pâturage en rotation chez Brachiaria brizantha cv. marandu pour améliorer la production de lait
Authors: Soares Marcio Groto , Camargo Simone Cristina , Frassetto Matheus Orlandin , Abreu Hélio Mar de
Published: October 2021

Dans les propriétés laitières, pour qu’il y ait augmentation du profit, il faut augmenter l’efficacité des facteurs de production, notamment la nutrition, qui impacte le coût fixe. De plus en plus, un équilibre est recherché entre l’approvisionnement en fourrage et en pâturage. La méthode de pâturage en rotation a été adoptée par plusieurs producteurs, car elle a une bonne productivité dans une zone plus petite. Cependant, les pâturages utilisés dans ce type de pâturage, malgré leur excellente qualité, ont des besoins nutritionnels plus élevés. L’objectif de ce travail était de réaliser une analyse économique du coût de la production laitière, à travers l’implantation de pâturages en rotation, et l’échange de pâturage indigène contre Brachiaria brizantha cv. marandu, sur une ferme familiale. Ce travail a été préparé dans la ville de Foz do Iguaçu. Une superficie de 6300m2 a été utilisée, divisée en 28 paddocks de 225m2 à l’aide d’une clôture électrique. Le coût total de production était de 6 047,40 R$, avec une marge positive de 5,143,61 R$ par an. D’après les résultats obtenus dans les analyses économiques, il est conclu que l’implantation du pâturage en rotation et l’échange de pâturage indigène contre Brachiaria brizantha cv. Marandu est une gestion viable, puisque les revenus générés par la vente du lait étaient suffisants pour couvrir les coûts totaux de production.
Levilimab, a monoclonal antibody to IL-6 receptors, in COVID-19
Authors: Novikov P. , Brovko M. , Sholomova V. , Akulkina L. , Nadtocheeva V. , Moiseev S.
Published: October 2021

Levilimab, a monoclonal antibody interacting with soluble and mebrane bound IL-6 receptors, was recently approved in Russia for the treatment of acute respiratory distress syndrome in COVID-19 patients. Efficacy and favorable safety profile of levilimab were shown in the randomised doubleblind placebo controlled CORONA trial in 206 patients with COVID-19 associated pneumonia, who had at least one criteria of the disease severity, that is, increased respiration rate, reduced SpO2 (≤93%) or PaO2 /FiO2 (≤300 mm Hg), progressive lung disease, etc. The primary end-point of this study was the percentage of patients with stable improvement by ordinal scale (without a need in rescue levilimab injection) at day 14. Stable improvement was achieved in 63.1% and 42.7% of patients in the levilimab and placebo groups, respectively (р=0.0017), and this difference was consistent at the end of 30-day follow-up. Analysis of various secondary end-points, such as a need in rescue open-label levilimab or admission to ICU, confirmed efficacy of IL-6 inhibitor in patients with COVID -19. IL-6 inhibition was not associated with a higher risk of opportunistic infections. The authors present the case of successful levilimab administration in hospitalized patient with hypoxia and systemic inflammation and discuss the practical issues of IL-6 inhibitors use in COVID-19 patients.