bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Non-Stationary Modeling of Annual Flood Peak Heights of Mahanadi River Basin with the q-Generalized Extreme Value Distribution
Authors: Nagesh S. , Dharmannavar Laxmi. B.
Published: December 2023

In recent years, due to climate change, catastrophic events are increased largely in India. Hence researchers are forced to consider non-stationary flood frequency analysis as an improved method. In this paper, non-stationarity of annual daily maximum flood heights were studied at 12 sites of Mahanadi River Basin (MRB) by analyzing the flood frequency of a stationary model and 4 non-stationary models using time dependent q-GEV model by considering trend as a linear function of its location and scale parameters. The q-GEV distribution is utilized in this study because of its flexibility and accuracy than GEV distribution in modeling extreme flood heights. The results found that there is strong evidence of a linear trend existence for both the location and scale parameters at the Kesinga site; for the location parameter at Pathardi and Simga sites; for the scale parameter at Dharmajagarh, Kotni and Seorinarayan, and no linear trend exists for both location and scale parameters at Alipingal, Bomnidhi, Manendragarh, Mohana, Rajim and Sundargarh, there may be exists other form of trend at these sites. The findings also indicate that nonstationarity is present in the MRB due to climate change, which help to water practitioner for taking precautions against adverse effect of extreme floods.
Effect of Liquid Organic Fertilizer Paitan Leaf Extract (Tithonia diversivolia) on the Growth and Yields of Soybean Plant (Glycine max (L.) Merrill) on Rainfed Land
Authors: Ramayana A. Syamad , Sulaminingsih  , Suwarno  , Panjaitan C. N. , Ilyas L. O. , Suryanti
Published: December 2023

Soybeans (Glycine max (L.) Merrill) are the third main food commodity after rice and corn. Until now, soybean productivity at the farmer level is still low, with an average of 1.3 Mg ha-1 with a range of 0.6-2.0 Mg ha-1, while the potential yield can reach 3.0 Mg ha-1. This very large productivity gap provides an opportunity to increase production through increasing productivity at the farmer level. This research aims to determine the effect of POC of paitan leaf extract (Tithonia diversifolia) and the best concentration on the growth and yield of soybeans on rainfed land. This research was carried out in March – June 2021 in Gunung Panjang Village, Tanjung Redeb District, East Kalimantan Province, Indonesia. Data analysis uses Analysis of Variance, if there is a significant difference, then continue using the Duncan’s Mutiple Range test at the 5% level. The research used a Completely Randomized Block Design with five treatments, namely t0 (control), t1 (25%), t2 (50%), t3 (75%), and t4 (100)% with 5 replications. The results showed that the concentration of Tithonia diversifolia leaf extract did not differ significantly on the number of productive branches, total pods, total branches, flowering time, filled pods, empty pods, weight of 100 grains, yield, and potential yield except plant height. The t2 concentration (50%) gives the highest average yield potential, namely 3.22 Mg ha-1.
Bioremediation and Accelerated Phytoremediation of a Soil Impacted by a Hydrocarbons Mixture
Authors: Nalyen Esquivel-Miranda , Cruz Juan Luis Ignacio-De la , Godínez-Pacheco Ramon , Enerijiofi Kingsley Erhons , Sánchez-Yañez Juan Manuel
Published: December 2023

Waste motor oil (WMO), without adequate final confinement, is spill in agricultural soil, there, it easily exceeds 4400 ppm according to the Mexican standard NOM-138-SEMARNAT/SSA1-2012; a concentration that causes loss of fertility. The aims of this research were: i) biostimulation of agricultural soil impacted by 39,000 ppm of WMO with Triton X-100/Tween 80 at 0.5% and mineral solution:  ii) phytoremediation by Phaseolus vulgaris enhanced with Methylobacterium symbioticum and Xanthobacter autotrophicus to reduce WMO at lower concentration than the maximum accepted by NOM-138-SEMARNAT/SSA1-2021.  The response variables were: a) the initial and final concentration of WMO by Soxhlet, and b) P. vulgaris: germination percentage; phenology and biomass at seedling and pre-flowering stages. The experimental data were analyzed by ANOVA/Tukey 0.05%, with the program Statgraphics Centurion XVI. II.

The results showed that biostimulation of soil impacted by 39,000 ppm of WMO with Triton X-100/Tween 80 at 50%, and a mineral solution, decreased to 26,990 ppm in 25 days. Subsequently, phytoremediation by sowing P. vulgaris with M. symbioticum and X. autotrophicus, at pre-flowering reduced WMO to 1233 ppm in 50 days, a concentration lower than the maximum, accepted by NOM-138-SEMARNAT/SSA1-2012. This supports that is possible to accelerate biostimulation and phytoremediation reduced WMO in the agriculture soil to recover its productive capacity.
Partition Coefficient and Partition Entropy in Fuzzy C Means Clustering
Authors: Verma Rohit Kumar , Tiwari Rakesh , Thakur Pratik Singh
Published: December 2023

This paper offers a comprehensive exploration of partition validation functions, specifically focusing on partition coefficient and partition entropy within the realm of fuzzy clustering—an influential approach in the field of clustering datasets. While fuzzy clustering facilitates the classification of data points into multiple clusters, the pivotal tasks of determining the optimal number of clusters and evaluating the validity of the resultant clusters pose inherent challenges. The study addresses these challenges, contributing to the broader understanding of effective fuzzy clustering methodologies.
DISPOSITIVOS DE PODER E CONTROLE NO DESLOCAMENTO DAS AULAS PRESENCIAIS DE DANÇA PARA O ENSINO REMOTO NO ENSINO FORMAL
Authors: Oliveira Larissa Lorena de , Siedler Elke , Vellozo Marila Annibelli
Published: December 2023

O artigo é uma reflexão sobre os dispositivos de poder nas relações de ensino aprendizagem em dança a partir do deslocamento das aulas presenciais para as aulas remotas, no contexto da pandemia da SARS-CoV-2 (covid-19), em 2020 e 2021, e as possíveis implicações no corpo de estudantes do ensino formal. A fundamentação teórica apresenta alguns conceitos sobre dispositivos de poder (FOUCAULT, 2003; 2014) e sujeição dos corpos em articulação com a teoria Corpomídia (KATZ; GREINER, 2005) e as relações entre tecnologia e cognição para compreender uma possível diminuição da movimentação das/dos estudantes no período pandêmico. A observação das possíveis transformações deu-se através da análise dos resultados obtidos da aplicação de questionário a professores da rede privada de ensino de turmas do 6º aos 9º anos, do ensino fundamental II, da rede privada do Paraná.
PRÁCTICAS DE ENSEÑANZA EMERGENTES EN LA FORMACIÓN DANCÍSTICA PROFESIONAL EN MÉXICO DURANTE LA PANDEMIA POR COVID 19
Authors: Pérez Alejandra Ferreiro
Published: December 2023

En este trabajo reflexiono sobre los modos en que tres profesoras de danza de dos escuelas profesionales de danza de la Ciudad de México y una de la Ciudad de Mérida, enfrentaron la continuidad pedagógica y generaron nuevas prácticas de enseñanza ante la emergencia sanitaria y el confinamiento que exigió la pandemia por COVID 19. Utilizo la entrevista para recoger las narraciones sobre sus experiencias durante este periodo. Indago sobre algunas transformaciones en las prácticas de enseñanza de la danza, en torno a tres ejes: el primero vinculado a las modificaciones y afectaciones en los tiempos y losespacios educativos; el segundo, a los contenidos, a la selección y énfasis que permitieron la continuidad pedagógica; y el tercero, a las tecnologías, a los modos en que se relacionaron los profesores y estudiantes con estas, a las posibilidades y limitaciones, pero también a los beneficios e innovaciones en las metodologías de enseñanza y en las interaccioneseducativas. La pandemia trastocó las prácticas de enseñanza, pero también posibilitó la emergencia de una pedagogía de la excepción (RIVAS, 2020), a partir de la cual las profesoras construyeron propuestas educativas que permitieron a los estudiantes aprender y seguir bailando.
A nova imagem das cidades africanas
Authors: Velame Fábio Macêdo , da Costa Thiago Augusto Ferreira
Published: December 2023

O objetivo deste artigo é apresentar uma reflexão a respeito dos fenômenos estruturais que culminaram na elaboração de planos urbanísticos e arquiteturas, com segregação socioespacial e étnico-racial, em cidades da África Subsaariana que despontam atualmente como megacidades, grandes cidades e cidades globais. Para isso, de início, apresentam-se questões de histórico colonial, pós-colonialismo, pan-africanismo e filosofia africana que permeiam as discussões contemporâneas de urbanização e arquitetura africanas. Em seguida, são abordadas essas mesmas questões estruturais em discursos presentes em sete países africanos (Nigéria, República Democrática do Congo, Tanzânia, Quênia, Maurício, Gana e África do Sul), que ajudam a explicar aspectos étnicos, raciais, sociais e espaciais perpetuados no espaço urbano. Tais aspectos contam com exemplos de cidades desses países, onde superpopulação e altos investimentos estrangeiros no mercado imobiliário agravam efeitos segregatórios da população, não têm como meta a diminuição da pobreza, mantêm dependência com antigas metrópoles e criam amarras com novos imperialismos.
Lugares epistêmicos
Authors: Toffa Tariq
Published: December 2023

Após o fim do Apartheid na África do Sul, muitas áreas de conhecimento ainda não conseguiram se desvincular completamente das estruturas coloniais, especialmente em termos de ética e epistemologia. Os protestos estudantis de 2015/16 destacaram a imperiosa necessidade considerar o "giro ético" e uma transformação epistemológica nos campos do design a partir de das questões colocadas pelo giro decolonial. Argumento que é que são necessários múltiplos lugares curriculares e intervenção na área da arquitetura, com ênfase em uma compreensão mais profunda da ética e da epistemologia. Isso é particularmente necessário em áreas do currículo de arquitetura, como história e teoria da arquitetura, que exercem uma influência profunda no ensino e na aprendizagem. Neste artigo, examino minuciosamente a estrutura, hierarquia e relações do conhecimento disciplinar na educação arquitetônica, com o objetivo de identificar oportunidades de intervenção epistêmica. Além disso, investigo como é possível introduzir de maneira favorável conhecimentos "não ocidentais" e "não incluídos no currículo" originários do Sul Global nas condições atuais, com o fim de explorar como esses conhecimentos podem enraizar-se de forma mais ampliada em toda a área da arquitetura, na direção de um 'novo normal'. No contexto sul-africano, essas questões ampliam as noções de justiça social após o Apartheid, com foco na “justiça epistêmica” ou “cognitiva”, com ênfase na construção de conhecimento sólido e relevante para uma sociedade qualitativamente mais humana.
Trajetórias do Hip Hop e da questão racial brasileira
Authors: De Oliveira Denilson Araújo
Published: December 2023

Este ensaio apresenta uma análise da trajetória do Hip Hop nas últimas décadas no Brasil e sua relação com o debate da questão racial. Nosso objetivo é compreender como o Hip Hop se constitui como um instrumento de combate à inscrição espacial do racismo nas cidades brasileiras. Nossa metodologia envolve análise bibliográfica e produção musical dos/das cantores/as de rap que fazem leituras sobre a questão social brasileira. Nossa hipótese é que o Hip Hop tem sido utilizado como instrumento de luta contra diversas formas de opressão dos grupos silenciados e subalternizados da sociedade brasileira. Desta forma, apresentamos como o Hip Hop se constituiu, como se mundializou e se territorializou no Brasil, tensionando o histórico processo de segregação do espaço de base racial. Posteriormente, analisamos as transformações das práticas do Hip Hop e as tensões nas formas de apropriação cultural, especialmente com a ascensão da extrema direita e a difusão do discurso de ódio no país. Por último, analisamos como o Hip Hop tem sido utilizado nos enfrentamentos às distintas formas de opressão no atual período pandêmico.
Early Outcomes of Changes to Collection of Suicide Data in Japan
Authors: Harada Nahoko , Koda Masahide , Nomura Shuhei
Published: December 2023

This cross-sectional study examines implications of updated categorizations for suicide data collection in Japan.
Local Firework Restrictions and Ocular Trauma
Authors: Harrison Luke , Yee Philina , Sundararajan Miel , Ding Leona , Feng Shu
Published: December 2023

Importance

Fireworks can cause vision-threatening injuries, but the association of local legislation with the mitigation of these injuries is unclear.

Objective

To evaluate the odds of firework-related ocular trauma among residents of areas where fireworks are permitted vs banned.

Design, Setting, and Participants

This case-control study was conducted at a level 1 trauma center in Seattle, Washington, among 230 patients presenting with ocular trauma in the 2 weeks surrounding the Independence Day holiday, spanning June 28 to July 11, over an 8-year period (2016-2022).

Exposures

Firework ban status of patient residence.

Main Outcomes and Measures

Odds of firework-related injuries among residents of areas where fireworks are legal vs where they are banned, calculated as odds ratios (ORs) and 95% CIs.

Results

Of 230 consultations for ocular trauma during the study period, 94 patients (mean [SD] age, 25 [14] years; 86 male patients [92%]) sustained firework-related injuries, and 136 (mean [SD] age, 43 [23] years; 104 male patients [77%]) sustained non–firework-related injuries. The odds of firework-related ocular trauma were higher among those living in an area where fireworks were legal compared with those living in an area where fireworks were banned (OR, 2.0 [95% CI, 1.2-3.5]; P = .01). In addition, the odds of firework injuries were higher for patients younger than 18 years (OR, 3.1 [95% CI, 1.7-5.8]; P < .001) and for male patients (OR, 3.3 [95% CI, 1.5-7.1]; P = .004). Firework injuries were more likely to be vision threatening (54 of 94 [57%]) compared with non–firework-related injuries (54 of 136 [40%]; OR, 2.1 [95% CI, 1.2-3.5]; P = .01).

Conclusions and Relevance

This case-control study suggests that the odds of firework-related ocular trauma were slightly higher among residents of areas where fireworks were legal compared with residents of areas where fireworks were banned. Although these results suggest that local firework bans may be associated with a small reduction in the odds of firework-related ocular trauma, additional studies are warranted to assess what actions might lead to greater reductions.
Multi‐Dimensional Shingled Optical Recording by Nanostructuring in Glass
Authors: Gao Jichao , Zhao Xin‐Jing , Yan Zhi , Fu Yihui , Qiu Jianrong , Wang Lei , Zhang Jingyu
Published: December 2023

In the digital era, the need for high‐density data storage techniques has become increasingly imperative. To address this, the study has demonstrated a multi‐dimensional shingled optical recording technique, utilizing femtosecond laser‐induced nanostructures in silica glass. The evolution of the bulk nanostructures is investigated on a pulse‐by‐pulse basis using multiple microscopic analysis techniques. The formation of the nanostructures is attributed to a self‐adaptive near‐field anisotropic nanostructuring process. Furthermore, it is shown that writing in a 3D shingled configuration significantly reduces the volume per data voxel to a size of 500 nm × 500 nm × 1.0 µm, surpassing the diffraction limit. This reduction is achieved even when employing an infrared laser and a relatively low numerical aperture objective lens. As a result, the approach increases the data storage capacity by at least two orders of magnitude compared to conventional techniques. The work paves the way for advanced shingled optical recording techniques offering ultra‐dense capacity, ultra‐long lifetime, and low energy consumption.
A Perspective on Uniform Plating Behavior of Mg Metal Anode: Diffusion Limited Theory versus Nucleation Theory
Authors: Liu Xin , Wang Guixin , Lv Zhaolin , Du Aobing , Dong Shanmu , Cui Guanglei
Published: December 2023

Utilizing metal anode is the most attractive way to meet the urgent demand for rechargeable batteries with high energy density. Unfortunately, the formation of dendrites, which is caused by uneven plating behavior, always threaten the safety of the batteries. To explore the origin of different plating behavior and predict the plating morphology of anode under a variety of operating conditions, multifarious models have been developed. However, abuse of models has led to conflictive views. In this perspective, to clarify the controversial reports on magnesium (Mg) metal plating behavior, the previously proposed models are elaborated that govern the plating process. Through linking various models and clarifying their boundary conditions, a scheme is drawn to illustrate the strategy for achieving the most dense and uniform plating morphology, which also explains the seemingly contradictory of diffusion limited theory and nucleation theory on uniform plating. This perspective will undoubtedly enhance the understanding on the metal anode plating process and provide meaningful guidance for the development of metal anode batteries.
Bifunctional Interphase Promotes Li+ De‐Solvation and Transportation Enabling Fast‐Charging Graphite Anode at Low Temperature
Authors: Huang Yingshan , Wang Chaonan , Lv Haifeng , Xie Yuansen , Zhou Shaoyun , Ye Yadong , Zhou En , Zhu Tianyuan , Xie Huanyu , Jiang Wei , Wu Xiaojun , Kong Xianghua , Jin Hongchang , Ji Hengxing
Published: December 2023

The most successful lithium‐ion batteries (LIBs) based on ethylene carbonate electrolytes and graphite anodes still suffer from severe energy and power loss at temperatures below −20 °C, which is because of high viscosity or even solidification of electrolytes, sluggish de‐solvation of Li+ at the electrode surface, and slow Li+ transportation in solid electrolyte interphase (SEI). Here, a coherent lithium phosphide (Li3P) coating firmly bonding to the graphite surface to effectively address these challenges is engineered. The dense, continuous, and robust Li3P interphase with high ionic conductivity enhances Li+ transportation across the SEI. Plus, it promotes Li+ de‐solvation through an electron transfer mechanism, which simultaneously accelerates the charge transport kinetics and stands against the co‐intercalation of low‐melting‐point solvent molecules, such as propylene carbonate (PC), 1,3‐dioxolane, and 1,2‐dimethoxyethane. Consequently, an unprecedented combination of high‐capacity retention and fast‐charging ability for LIBs at low temperatures is achieved. In full‐cells encompassing the Li3P‐coated graphite anode and PC electrolytes, an impressive 70% of their room‐temperature capacity is attained at −20 °C with a 4 C charging rate and a 65% capacity retention is achieved at −40 °C with a 0.05 C charging rate. This research pioneers a transformative trajectory in fortifying LIB performance in cryogenic environments.
Programmable Atom‐Like Nanoparticle Reporters for High‐Precision Urinalysis of In Situ Membrane Proteins
Authors: Ding Fei , Zhang Shuangye , Chen Qian , Xie Xiaodong , Xi Zhifeng , Ge Zhilei , Zuo Xiaolei , Yang Xiurong , Willner Itamar , Fan Chunhai , Li Qian , Xia Qiang
Published: December 2023

The expression of disease‐specific membrane proteins (MPs) is a crucial indicator for evaluating the onset and progression of diseases. Urinalysis of in situ MPs has the potential for point‐of‐care disease diagnostics, yet remains challenging due to the lack of molecular reporter to transform the expression information of in situ MPs into the measurable urine composition. Herein, a series of tetrahedral DNA frameworks (TDFs) are employed as the cores of programmable atom‐like nanoparticles (PANs) to direct the self‐assembly of PAN reporters with defined ligand valence and spatial distribution. With the rational spatial organization of ligands, the interaction between PAN reporters and MPs exhibits superior stability on cell‐membrane interface under renal tubule‐mimic fluid microenvironment, thus enabling high‐fidelity conversion of MPs expression level into binding events and reverse assessment of in situ MP levels via measurement of the renal clearance efficiency of PAN reporters. Such PAN reporter‐mediated signal transformation mechanism empowers urinalysis of the onset of acute kidney injury at least 6 h earlier than the existing methods with an area under the curve of 100%. This strategy has the potential for urinalysis of a variety of in situ membrane proteins.
A Direct Synthesis of Substituted Exocyclic 1H‐pyrrol‐3(2H)‐ones by Base‐Mediated Multicomponent [3+2] Cycloaddition
Authors: Pawar Ganesh P. , Chen Hong Ren , Barve Indrajeet J. , Shen Li‐Ching , Sun Chung‐Ming
Published: December 2023

A one‐pot, three‐component, base‐mediated [3+2] cycloaddition reaction to synthesize 1H‐pyrrol‐3(2H)‐ones from readily available amino acid esters, aldehydes, and terminal alkynes was reported. Isolation of the intermediate and the detailed mechanistic study revealed the course of the reaction. This multi‐component reaction proceeds via imine formation followed by the nucleophilic addition of alkyne to form a propargylamine precursor. Base‐mediated conversion of propargylamine precursor into 1‐azadiene followed by in situ ketene formation leading to [3+2] cycloaddition that ultimately produces unusual 1H‐pyrrol‐3(2H)‐ones.
Effect of Particle Factors on the Reflux and Blockage of a Deep‐Sea Six‐Stage Pump Based on CFD‐DEM
Authors: Hu Qiong , Zhu Jingyan , Deng Liwen , Chen Jun , Wang Yangyang
Published: December 2023

The deep‐sea six‐stage centrifugal pump is an essential power source of the lifting system that conveys slurry containing coarse particles. Emergency failure of the electric system can easily lead to pump blockage because of slurry reflux. The reflux movement of particles in a six‐stage pump under emergency power failure is investigated using the verified computation fluid dynamics and discrete element method (CFD‐DEM) simulation. The JKR contact model is used to perform particle simulation. Simultaneously, shaped particles are added to realistically simulate the reflux characteristics under deep‐sea mining conditions. The effect of particle size, shape, and size distribution in the reflux is investigated. The blockage behavior of the particles during reflux and the blockage mechanism is clarified. Particles with less shape and size below 30 mm are more conducive to safe slurry transportation. The experimental results verify the credibility of the CFD‐DEM simulation results.
Ultrasound‐Induced Adsorption of Acousto‐Responsive Microgels at Water–Oil Interface
Authors: Stock Sebastian , Mirau Luca , Rutsch Matthias , Wismath Sonja , Kupnik Mario , von Klitzing Regine , Rahimzadeh Amin
Published: December 2023

Ultrasonic mixing is a well‐established method to disperse and mix substances. However, the effects of ultrasound on dispersed soft particles as well as on their adsorption kinetics at interfaces remain unexplored. Ultrasound not only accelerates the movement of particles via acoustic streaming, but recent research indicates that it can also manipulate the interaction of soft particles with the surrounding liquid. In this study, it evaluates the adsorption kinetics of microgel at the water‐oil interface under the influence of ultrasound. It quantifies how acoustic streaming accelerates the reduction of interfacial tension. It uses high‐frequency and low‐amplitude ultrasound, which has no destructive effects. Furthermore, it discusses the ultrasound‐induced shrinking and thus interfacial rearrangement of the microgels, which plays a secondary but non‐negligible role on interfacial tension reduction. It shows that the decrease in interfacial tension due to the acoustic streaming is stronger for microgels with higher cross‐linker density. Moreover, it shows that ultrasound can induce a reversible decrease in interfacial tension due to the shrinkage of microgels at the interface. The presented results may lead to a better understanding in any field where ultrasonic waves meet soft particles, e.g., controlled destabilization in foams and emulsions or systems for drug release.
3D Printed All‐Natural Hydrogels: Flame‐Retardant Materials Toward Attaining Green Sustainability
Authors: Zuo Xiaoling , Zhou Ying , Hao Kangan , Liu Chuan , Yu Runhao , Huang Anrong , Wu Chong , Yang Yinye
Published: December 2023

Biomass‐based hydrogel is a promising flame‐retardant material and has a high potential for applications in transportation, aerospace, building and electrical engineering, and electronics. However, rapid vat photopolymerization (VP) 3D printing of biomass‐based hydrogels, especially that of all‐natural ones, is still rare. Herein, a new class of VP 3D‐printed hydrogels with strong covalent networks, fabricating using fully biomass materials and a commercial liquid crystal display (LCD) printer assembled with low‐intensity visible light is presented. Encouragingly, the highly ordered layer‐by‐layer packing structures provided by VP 3D printing technology endow these hydrogels with remarkable flame retardancy, exceptional temperature resistance, advantageous combustion behaviors, and favorable mechanical strength, in particular, giving them a better limit oxygen index (83.5%) than various biomass‐based hydrogels. The proposed approach enables the green design as well as the precise and efficient preparation for flame‐retardant materials, paving the way for the future flame‐retardant materials toward attaining green sustainability.
Gas and slurry flow behaviors in a CO2‐mineralization spray tower reactor
Authors: Liu Hongliang , Wang Chao , Zhou Changan , Song Lei , Ma Kui , Yue Hairong
Published: December 2023

The spray tower reactors have provided an important solution for the scale‐up of mineralization processes with industrial solid waste to absorb CO2. In this study, numerical simulations were employed to investigate the fluid flow behaviors in a mineralization spray tower reactor (MSTR), and the average relative error of simulation and experimental results was 7.5%. The results showed that at a high liquid–gas ratio (L/G > 100 L/m3), the fluid flow behavior was dominated by the slurry flow, which was only hindered by the gas flow to a certain extent at the gas inlet. Further analysis revealed that the accumulation of slurry at the center and wall of the reactor, as well as the bias flow of flue gas, were the main reasons for the insufficient gas–liquid contact, which led to a lower CO2 absorption efficiency. The relationship between fluid flow behavior and CO2 absorption efficiency could improve the understanding of the MSTRs.
Unlocking the Asymmetric Hydrogenation of Tetrasubstituted Acyclic Enones
Authors: Faiges Jorge , Biosca Maria , Pericàs Miquel A. , Besora Maria , Pàmies Oscar , Diéguez Montserrat
Published: December 2023

Asymmetric hydrogenation (AH) of tetrasubstituted olefins generating two stereocenters is still an open topic. There are only a few reports on the AH of tetrasubstituted olefins with conjugated functional groups, while this process can create useful intermediates for the subsequent elaboration of relevant end products. Most of the tetrasubstituted olefins successfully submitted to AH belong to a small number of functional classes; remarkably, the AH of tetrasubstituted acyclic enones still represents an unsolved challenge. Herein, we disclose a class of air‐stable Ir−P,N catalysts, prepared in three steps from commercially available amino alcohols, that can hydrogenate, in minutes, a wide range of electronically and sterically diverse acyclic tetrasubstituted enones (including exocyclic ones) with high yields and high enantioselectivities. The factors responsible for the excellent selectivities were elucidated by combining deuterogenation experiments and theoretical calculations. The calculations indicated that the reduction follows an IrI/IrIII mechanism, in which enantioselectivity is controlled in the first migratory insertion of the hydride to the most electrophilic olefinic Cβ and the formation of the hydrogenated product via reductive elimination takes place prior to the coordination of dihydrogen and the subsequent oxidative addition. The potential of the new catalytic systems is demonstrated by the derivatization of hydrogenation products.
Diluting the Resistance of Built‐in Electric Fields in Oxygen Vacancy‐enriched Ru/NiMoO4‐x for Enhanced Hydrogen Spillover in Alkaline Seawater Splitting
Authors: Liu Xiaobin , Wang Xuanyi , Li Kun , Tang Junheng , Zhu Jiawei , Chi Jingqi , Lai Jianping , Wang Lei
Published: December 2023

Recently, hydrogen spillover based binary (HSBB) catalysts have received widespread attention due to the sufficiently utilized reaction sites. However, the specific regulation mechanism of spillover intensity is still unclear. Herein, we have fabricated oxygen vacancies enriched Ru/NiMoO4‐x to investigate the internal relationship between electron supply and mechanism of hydrogen spillover enhancement. The DFT calculations cooperate with in situ Raman spectrum to uncover that the H* spillover from NiMoO4‐x to Ru. Meanwhile, oxygen vacancies weakened the electron supply from Ru to NiMoO4‐x, which contributes to dilute the resistance of built‐in electric field (BEF) for hydrogen spillover. In addition, the higher ion concentration in electrolyte will promote the H* adsorption step obviously, which is demonstrated by in situ EIS tests. As a result, the Ru/NiMoO4‐x exhibits a low overpotential of 206 mV at 3.0 A cm−2, a small Tafel slope of 28.8 mV dec−1, and an excellent durability of 550 h at the current density of 0.5 A cm−2 for HER in 1.0 M KOH seawater.
Structure–Property Interplay Within Microporous Manganese Dioxide Tunnels For Sustainable Energy Storage
Authors: Yuan Yifei , He Kun , Lu Jun
Published: December 2023

Tunnel‐structured manganese dioxides (MnO2), also known as octahedral molecule sieves (OMS), are widely studied in geochemistry, deionization, energy storage and (electro)catalysis. These functionalities originate from their characteristic sub‐nanoscale tunnel framework, which, with a high degree of structural polymorphism and rich surface chemistry, can reversibly absorb and transport various ions. An intensive understanding of their structure–property relationship is prerequisite for functionality optimization, which has been recently approached by implementation of advanced (in situ) characterizations providing significant atomistic sciences. This review will thus timely cover recent advancements related to OMS and their energy storage applications, with a focus on the atomistic insights pioneered by researchers including our group: the origins of structural polymorphism and heterogeneity, the evolution of faceted OMS crystals and its effect on electrocatalysis, the ion transport/storage properties and their implication for processing OMS. These studies represent a clear rational behind recent endeavors investigating the historically applied OMS materials, the summary of which is expected to deepen the scientific understandings and guide material engineering for functionality control.
Catechol‐Isolated Atomically Dispersed Nanocatalysts for Self‐Motivated Cocatalytic Tumor Therapy
Authors: Wang Yuemei , Qiu Shuwen , Wang Liping , Ji Penghao , Guo Yuedong , Yao Heliang , Wei Chenyang , Huo Minfeng , Shi Jianlin
Published: December 2023

Nanocatalytic tumor therapy based on Fenton nanocatalysts has attracted considerable attention because of its therapeutic specificity, enhanced outcomes, and high biocompatibility. Nevertheless, the rate‐determining step in Fenton chemistry, which involves the transition of a high‐valence metallic center (FeIII) to a Fenton‐active low‐valence metallic center (FeII), has hindered advances in nanocatalyst‐based therapeutics. In this study, we constructed mesoporous single iron atomic nanocatalysts (mSAFe NCs) by employing catechols from dopamine to coordinate and isolate single iron atoms. The catechols also serve as reductive ligands, generating a field‐effect‐based cocatalytic system that instantly reduces FeIII species to FeII species within the mSAFe NCs. This self‐motivated cocatalytic strategy enabled by mSAFe NCs accelerates the kinetics of the Fenton catalytic reaction, resulting in remarkable performance for nanocatalytic tumor therapy both in vitro and in vivo.
BODIPY‐based Fluorescent Indicators for Lipid Droplets
Authors: Zhu Jianping , Tan Nian Kee , Kikuchi Kai , Kaur Amandeep , New Elizabeth J.
Published: December 2023

Invited for this month's cover are the collaborating groups of Prof. Elizabeth J. New at the University of Sydney and Dr Amandeep Kaur at Monash University. The cover picture shows how their BODIPYs selectively mark lipid droplets and indicate the trafficking of lipid droplets between adjacent cells. More information can be found in the Research Article by Amandeep Kaur, Elizabeth J. New, and co‐workers.
Ultrahigh compressive strength and heat resistance of polystyrene/polyphenylene oxide foams of supercritical carbon dioxide foaming
Authors: Li Zhuolun , Tang Yujing , Wang Yaqiao , Wang Xiangdong , Chen Shihong
Published: December 2023

Polystyrene (PS) foam materials are lightweight, but suffer from poor compressive strength and heat resistance, among other problems, which limit their application. Herein, a method for preparing PS foam with high compressive strength and high heat resistance using supercritical CO2 is proposed. PS/polyphenylene oxide (PPO) blends were prepared using a corotating intermeshing twin‐screw extruder. The results showed that PPO exhibited excellent molecular‐level compatibility with PS, which substantially improved mechanical properties and heat resistance of PS. Foam samples of PS/PPO blends with the same expansion ratio were prepared via batch foaming experiments, and the compressive strength of different foams was determined at different temperatures. At room temperature, the compressive strength of the PS/PPO‐30% foam increased by 173% compared with pure PS foam. As the testing temperature increased from 30 to 120°C, the compressive strength of pure PS foams decreased rapidly. Nevertheless, PS/PPO foams maintained high compressive strength at high temperatures.
Necessary and sufficient optimal control conditions for networked control systems with input delay and Markovian packet dropouts
Authors: Cai Yuanyu , Lu Xiao , Wang Haixia , Liang Xiao
Published: December 2023

This article studies the optimal control for networked control systems (NCSs) subject to Markovian packet dropouts and input delay. In this scenario, Markovian packet dropouts occur in two channels, that is, from sensor to controller and from controller to actuator. Meanwhile, the input delay arises in the channel from controller to actuator. The contributions of this paper are as the following two aspects: Firstly, based on Pontryagin's maximum principle, the solution to the forward and backward stochastic difference equations (FBSDEs) is obtained. Secondly, in virtue of the obtained solution to the FBSDEs, sufficient and necessary optimal control conditions are derived and the explicit expression of the optimal controller is presented. The validity of the results is illustrated by numerical examples.
A maximum principle for progressive optimal control of mean‐field forward–backward stochastic system involving random jumps and impulse controls
Authors: Chen Tian , Du Kai , Huang Zongyuan , Wu Zhen
Published: December 2023

In this paper, we study an optimal control problem of a mean‐field forward–backward stochastic system with random jumps in progressive structure, where both regular and singular controls are considered in our formula. In virtue of the variational technology, the related stochastic maximum principle (SMP) has been obtained, and it is essentially different from that in the classical predictable structure. Specifically, there are three parts in our SMP, that is, continuous part, jump part, and impulse part, and they are, respectively, used to characterize the characteristics of the optimal controls at continuous time, jump time, and impulse time. This shows that the progressive structure can more accurately describe the characteristics of the optimal control at the jump time. We also give two linear–quadratic examples to show the significance of our results.
Verbal fluency and autism: Reframing current data through the lens of monotropism
Authors: Grissom Alaina , Finke Erinn , Zane Emily
Published: December 2023

The purpose of this study was to reexamine research that used verbal fluency tasks to reinforce assumed deficits in word knowledge and retrieval in the autistic population. We identified seventeen articles that compared the performance of autistic and non‐autistic people on verbal fluency measures and provided an interpretation of the observed performance. In this narrative review, we summarize many components of these studies, including a comprehensive account of how authors framed their research findings. Overall, results of the studies showed variation both between and within groups in terms of total number of correct words, how many subsequent words fell into subcategories, and how frequently participants switched between subcategories. Despite wide variation in findings across studies, authors consistently interpreted results as revealing or reinforcing autistic deficits. To contrast the deficit narrative, we offer an alternative interpretation of findings by considering how they could provide support for the autistic‐led theory of monotropism. This alternative interpretation accounts for the inconsistencies in findings between studies, since wide individual variation in performance is an expected feature of the monotropic theory. We use our review as an exercise in reframing a body of literature from a neurodiversity‐affirming perspective. We propose this as a case example and model for how autism research and clinical practice can move away from the consistent narrative of autism deficits that has pervaded our field for decades. Accordingly, we offer suggestions for future research and clinical practice.
Hydrothermal Synthesis of a Graphene‐based Composite Enabling the Fabrication of a Current Collector‐free Microsupercapacitor with Improved Energy Storage Performance
Authors: Bouzina Adnane , Meng René , Pillier Françoise , Perrot Hubert , Sel Ozlem , Debiemme‐Chouvy Catherine
Published: December 2023

Herein, the development and the characterization of an all‐solid‐state symmetrical and current collector‐free microsupercapacitor based on a new reduced graphene oxide‐polydopamine (rGO‐PDA) composite are reported. The rGO‐PDA composite is synthesized by a facile, eco‐friendly and scalable hydrothermal approach in the presence of dopamine which can not only contribute to the oxygen functional groups removal from graphene oxide but also polymerize onto the rGO sheets reducing their restacking and improving the wettability of the electrode. The optimized rGO‐PDA composite material exhibits excellent capacitance and cycling stability as well as an improved rate capability compared to the pristine rGO in Na2SO4 solution. This performance enhancement can be linked to the higher transfer kinetic and lower transfer resistance values of the ions involved in the charge storage process of rGO‐PDA, as determined by ac‐electrogravimetry. Furthermore, an all‐solid‐state microsupercapacitor was prepared employing the optimized rGO‐PDA composite as electrode material. Interdigitated electrodes were obtained thanks to a CO2 laser and a Na2SO4/PVA hydrogel was employed, no current collector was used. This device achieves a noteworthy energy density of 6.2 mWh ⋅ cm−3 at a power density of 0.22 W ⋅ cm−3. Moreover, it exhibits exceptional cycling stability, retaining 104 % of its initial capacity even after undergoing 10,000 cycles at 2 V ⋅ s−1.
Revolutionary Pyrazole‐based Aza‐BODIPY: Harnessing Photothermal Power Against Cancer Cells and Bacteria
Authors: Pewklang Thitima , Saiyasombat Worakrit , Chueakwon Piyasiri , Ouengwanarat Bongkot , Chansaenpak Kantapat , Kampaengsri Sastiya , Lai Rung‐Yi , Kamkaew Anyanee
Published: December 2023

In the realm of cancer therapy and treatment of bacterial infection, photothermal therapy (PTT) stands out as a potential strategy. The challenge, however, is to create photothermal agents that can perform both imaging and PTT, a so‐called theranostic agent. Photothermal agents that absorb and emit in the near‐infrared region (750–900 nm) have recently received a lot of attention due to the extensive penetration of NIR light in biological tissues. In this study, we combined pyrazole with aza‐BODIPY (PY‐AZB) to develop a novel photothermal agent. PY‐AZB demonstrated great photostability with a photothermal conversion efficiency (PCE) of up to 33 %. Additionally, PY‐AZB can permeate cancer cells at a fast accumulation rate in less than 6 hours, according to the confocal images. Furthermore, in vitro photothermal therapy results showed that PY‐AZB effectively eliminated cancer cells by up to 70 %. Interestingly, PY‐AZB exhibited antibacterial activities against both gram‐negative bacteria, Escherichia coli 780, and gram‐positive bacteria, Staphylococcus aureus 1466. The results exhibit a satisfactory bactericidal effect against bacteria, with a killing efficiency of up to 100 % upon laser irradiation. As a result, PY‐AZB may provide a viable option for photothermal treatment.
dCas9‐guided demethylation of the AKT1 promoter improves milk protein synthesis in a bovine mastitis mammary gland epithelial model induced by using Staphylococcus aureus
Authors: Liu Jie , Wei Xiangfei , Zhang Yan , Ran Yaoxiang , Qu Bo , Wang Chunmei , Zhao Feng , Zhang Li
Published: December 2023

Mastitis is among the main factors affecting milk quality and yield. Although DNA methylation is associated with mastitis, its role in mastitis remains unclear. In this study, a bovine mastitis mammary epithelial cells (BMMECs) model was established via Staphylococcus aureus infection of bovine mammary gland epithelial cells (BMECs). Bisulfite sequencing PCR was used to determine the methylation status of the AKT1 promoter in BMMECs. We found that the degree of the AKT1 promoter methylation in BMMECs was significantly greater than that in BMECs, and the expression levels of genes related to milk protein synthesis were significantly decreased. We used the pdCas9‐C‐Tet1‐SgRNA 2.0 system to regulate the methylation status of the AKT1 promoter. High‐efficiency sgRNAs were screened and dCas9‐guided AKT1 promoter demethylation vectors were constructed. Following transfection with the vectors, the degree of methylation of the AKT1 promoter was significantly reduced in BMMECs, while AKT1 protein levels increased. When the methylation level of the AKT1 promoter decreased, the synthesis of milk proteins and the expression levels of genes related to milk protein synthesis increased significantly. The viability of the BMMECs was enhanced. Taken together, these results indicate that demethylation guided by the pdCas9‐C‐Tet1‐SgRNA 2.0 system on the AKT1 promoter can reactivate the expression of AKT1 and AKT1/mTOR signaling pathway‐related proteins by reducing the AKT1 promoter methylation level and promoting the recovery milk protein expression in BMMECs, thereby alleviating the symptoms of mastitis.
ExcLAMation marks in a pelvic lymph node
Authors: Muroyama Yuki , Inoue Chihiro , Fujishima Fumiyoshi , Shigeta Shogo , Hasegawa‐Minato Junko , Shimada Muneaki , Suzuki Takashi
Published: December 2023

Key Clinical Message

Extrapulmonary lymphangioleiomyomatosis (LAM) can present as incidental nodal LAM in gynecological surgery specimens, that warrants systemic investigation and follow‐up of concurrent and subsequent development of pulmonary and extrapulmonary LAM.
Dinitrogen Activation by Heteronuclear Metal Carbide Cluster Anions Y1‐3CoC1,2−: An Experimental and DFT Study
Authors: Wang Meng‐Meng , Wang Ming , Ji Zhi‐Wen , Huang Xiao‐Meng , He Han‐Bin , Ding Xun‐Lei , Ma Jia‐Bi
Published: December 2023

Mass spectrometry was used to observe the reactions between Y−Co heteronuclear metal carbide cluster anions Y1‐3CoC1,2− and N2 at room temperature. Y2CoC1,2− can produce Co ejection products, in which Y2CoC− also has N2 association products; YCoC2− and Y3CoC− only generate N2 association products, while YCoC− and Y3CoC2− are inert to N2. Detailed reaction pathways were obtained through density functional theory calculations, which reasonably explain the experimental phenomena. Co is superior to Y as the electrophilic reaction site in the clusters and is the preferential initial adsorption site for N2. Some crucial steps were identified, including N−N dissociation, CC−N formation, C−CN dissociation, and C−N formation. The energy barriers of these steps are closely related to the coordination mode of N/N2 and C/C2 in clusters. Two indicators, the N−N bond length and the Mayer bond order, were utilized to describe the activation degree of the N−N bond. Analyses on the density of states and the frontier molecular orbitals reveal the electronic structures of key intermediates for N−N dissociation. The reaction mechanisms of N2 activation on Y−Co carbide clusters obtained may lay a preliminary foundation for the further development of catalysts for nitrogen reduction reaction (NRR).
Functional Flow Cytometry to Predict PD‐L1 Conformational Changes
Authors: Salvia Roser , Rico Laura G. , Ward Michael D. , Bradford Jolene A. , Petriz Jordi
Published: December 2023

The programmed cell death protein 1/programmed cell death protein ligand 1 (PD‐1/PD‐L1) axis is one of the most widely recognized targets for cancer immunotherapy. Importantly, PD‐L1 conformational changes can hinder target binding when living cells are used. Antibody affinity, equilibrium binding, association and dissociation rates, and other affinity‐related constants are fundamental to ensure target saturation. Here, PD‐L1 changes in conformation and their potential impact on PD‐L1 function and mutation are explored. Specifically, we present detailed flow cytometry procedures to analyze PD‐L1 reactivity in myeloid‐derived suppressor cells (MDSCs). This approach can also be used to study the contribution of protein conformational changes in living cells. © 2023 Wiley Periodicals LLC.

Basic Protocol 1: Sample preparation for PD‐L1+ myeloid‐derived suppressor cells detection by flow cytometry

Basic Protocol 2: Protocol preparation, sample acquisition, and gating strategy for flow cytometric screening of PD‐L1+ myeloid‐derived suppressor cells in patients with lung cancer

Support Protocol 1: Bioinformatic tools for the analysis of flow cytometric data