bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Development of a modeling technique for the investigation of muscle activity and its effect on bone stresses in the human leg during an isometric exercise
Authors: Florio Catherine S , Narh Kwabena A
Published: March 2011

The study of the stress distributions within a bone can provide significant insight into its function and the adaptations that may take place under a set of loading conditions. Because the individual muscle forces acting on a bone are directly related to its behavior, bone stress analyses depend on the accurate estimation of muscle forces. The development of an integrated modeling method to determine such muscle forces and to apply them to the stress analysis of a system of bones is described. Firstly, a numerical optimization method was used in the development and validation of a model to predict the individual muscle forces generated in a leg that produce a known net resultant load. Next, this model was integrated into a finite element simulation of a system of leg bones so that the calculated isometric muscle forces could automatically be applied and the bone stresses calculated. The geometric, material, and joint contact conditions needed to appropriately depict the system’s behavior were established. Finally, the developed modeling technique was implemented in parametric studies to reveal significant changes in muscle activity and bone stress magnitudes and distributions due to variations in the direction of the net resultant load. The smallest muscle forces occurred in loading directions most typical of daily activities and resulted in bone stresses that were an order of magnitude smaller than those resulting from more uncommon loading directions. The developed modeling technique was shown to provide a controlled means of investigating the relationships between muscle forces and bone stresses.
The Impact of Shared Location on the Mental Health of Military and Civilian Adolescents in a Community Affected by Frequent Deployments: A Research Note
Authors: Harrison Deborah , Robson Karen , Albanese Patrizia , Sanders Chris , Newburn-Cook Christine
Published: March 2011

Preliminary results of our survey of 1066 adolescent members of a Canadian Forces (CF) community, comparing the mental health and well-being of CF and civilian youth in a secondary school adjacent to an army base, yielded surprising results. The data were collected in 2008 with an instrument that replicated parts of the National Longitudinal Survey of Children and Youth (NLSCY). Our findings suggested that there are few statistically significant differences between CF and civilian youth on mental health and well-being measures. On the other hand, both the CF and civilian youth scored lower on crucial health and well-being measures than their peers in the national NLSCY sample. This research note attempts to explain these complementary findings, using data from follow-up semi-structured interviews we conducted in 2009/10 with 60 of the CF adolescents. It also considers the possibility of a ‘‘spillover effect’’ of military life stressors on civilian youth.
Sliding mode control for non-linear systems with adaptive sliding surfaces
Authors: Durmaz Burak , Özgören M. Kemal , Salamci Metin U.
Published: March 2011

This study covers the sliding mode control design with adaptive sliding surfaces for a class of affine non-linear systems, which can be described by ẋ = A(x)x + B(x)u + f(x) + d(x, t). The main streamline of the study is the sliding surface design for such systems. The sliding surfaces are designed to be moving with varying slopes and offsets. The varying sliding surface parameters are determined by solving the state-dependent Riccati equations online during the control process. Thus, the sliding surfaces are updated in an adaptive manner to cope with the non-linearities of the system. The adaptive sliding mode control method developed in this study is used to design a longitudinal controller based on the mathematical model of a generic hypersonic aircraft. Then, the successful performance of this controller is demonstrated by means of a simulated manoeuvre of the aircraft.
Fatherhood in Kenyan ethnic communities: Implication for child development
Authors: Lasser Jon , Fite Kathleen , Wadende Akinyi P.
Published: March 2011

This article reviews the traditional and evolving constructions of fatherhood in Kenyan society, with an emphasis on fatherhood’s impact on child development outcomes. Western influence and increased access to technology have changed the role of the Kenyan father, and in turn affected his role in the family. Special attention is given to implications for child development and for educators working with children and families in Kenya.
A cross-cultural study of student problem behaviors in middle schools
Authors: Haigen Gu  , Lai Shu-Ling , Renmin Ye
Published: March 2011

Using the latest international educational database, TIMSS, this study investigates and compares the occurrences of 11 student problem behaviors as reported by middle school principals in ten countries. For each country, the study reveals the relationships of these problem behaviors with teachers’ attitudes and parental involvement, and discusses the influences of the problem behaviors on students’ academic achievement. Finally, a longitudinal study analyses the development and changes of student problem behaviors in 1995, 1999, 2003, and 2007 using the data from TIMSS four regular cycles. The results find that the student problem behaviors, especially those problem behaviors related to lessons or conflicting with others, in the Western country schools, have strong relationships with students’ performances. The findings provide worldwide perspectives and meaningful references for intensive research of school psychology, reduction of student problem behaviors in middle schools, and improvement of students’ academic performance.
Educational psychology and resilience: New concept, new opportunities
Authors: Toland John , Carrigan Donna
Published: March 2011

Despite a growing literature on resilience in mainstream psychology, so far there has been very little discussion of resilience within educational psychology or how it might relate to practice. This article aims to bring resilience into the educational psychology literature and to show its potential to enhance service delivery. Resilience is defined and set within a wider ecological model. The key features are outlined and research findings reviewed. Resilience is related to existing interactive models of practice in educational psychology, and implications for practice are examined with regard to the core functions of the educational psychologist. It is shown that no paradigm shift is necessary for educational psychologists to begin to take a resilience perspective in all of their work. It is argued that there are distinct advantages for both educational psychologists and their clients in doing so.
Processes of Change in Acceptance and Commitment Therapy and Cognitive Therapy for Depression: A Mediation Reanalysis of Zettle and Rains
Authors: Zettle Robert D. , Rains Jeanetta C. , Hayes Steven C.
Published: March 2011

Several articles have recently questioned the distinction between acceptance and commitment therapy (ACT) and traditional cognitive therapy (CT). This study presents a reanalysis of data from Zettle and Rains that compared 12 weeks of group CT with group ACT. For theoretical reasons, Zettle and Rains also included a modified form of CT that did not include distancing, and no intent-to-treat analysis was included. Particularly because that unusual third condition did somewhat better than the full CT package, it contaminated the direct comparison of ACT and CT, which has of late become theoretically interesting. In the present study, data from participants in the ACT and CT conditions were reanalyzed. ACT was shown to produce greater reductions in levels of self-reported depression using an intent-to-treat analysis. Posttreatment levels of cognitive defusion mediated this effect at follow-up. The occurrence of depressogenic thoughts and level of dysfunctional attitudes did not function as mediators. This study adds additional evidence that ACT works through distinct and theoretically specified processes that are not the same as CT.
Where Do My Emotions Belong? A Study of Immigrants’ Emotional Acculturation
Authors: De Leersnyder Jozefien , Mesquita Batja , Kim Heejung S.
Published: March 2011

The emotional experiences of people who live together tend to be similar; this is true not only for dyads and groups but also for cultures. It raises the question of whether immigrants’ emotions become more similar to host culture patterns of emotional experience; do emotions acculturate? Two studies, on Korean immigrants in the United States (Study 1) and on Turkish immigrants in Belgium (Study 2), measured emotional experiences of immigrants and host group members with the Emotional Patterns Questionnaire. To obtain a measure of the immigrants’ emotional similarity to the host group, their individual emotional patterns were correlated to the average pattern of the host group. Immigrants’ exposure to and engagement in the host culture, but not their acculturation attitudes, predicted emotional acculturation.
Reconstruction of the Subjective Temporal Distance of Past Interpersonal Experiences After Mortality Salience
Authors: Wakimoto Ryutaro
Published: March 2011

The present article examines the effect of mortality salience on the subjective temporal distance of past experiences with close friends. Since mortality salience motivates relational strivings, it should also affect the perception of past interpersonal experiences that influence the anticipation of future closeness and continuity of the friendship. Three studies were conducted with a total of 428 Japanese college students. Study 1 revealed that a smaller temporal distance of an experience of positive conduct from a friend was associated with greater satisfaction with the friendship. Study 2 found that the temporal distance of such an experience was perceived as smaller in the mortality salience than in the control condition. Study 3 found equivalent results with respect to the temporal distance of the participants’ positive conduct toward a close friend. These results suggest that people cope with existential concerns through reconstructing autobiographical memories in the interpersonal domain.
“I Have a Job, But . . .”: A Review of Underemployment
Authors: McKee-Ryan Frances M. , Harvey Jaron
Published: March 2011

This article reviews the underemployment literature, providing a comprehensive integrative overview of underemployment research. Underemployment, which occurs when a worker is employed in a job that is inferior by some standard, is linked to a broad range of negative outcomes for employees. This article builds on Feldman’s 1996 model of underemployment and identifies relevant theoretical perspectives and dimensions of underemployment, as well as reviewing the empirical research on the relationships between underemployment’s antecedents and outcomes. Suggestions for future research are offered, with particular attention on career implications, the effects of underemployment on an employee’s identity, and the importance of “choice” for underemployed employees. Finally, recommendations for improving the methodological rigor of underemployment research are provided.
MIDAS: A Spatial Decision Support System for Monitoring Marine Management Areas
Authors: Patel Hrishikesh , Gopal Sucharita , Kaufman Les , Carleton Matt , Holden Chris , Pasquarella Valerie , Ribera Marta , Shank Burton
Published: March 2011

This article describes the design and implementation of Marine Integrated Decision Analysis System (MIDAS), a spatial decision support system (SDSS). MIDAS allows users to select values for a set of governance, ecological and socioeconomic variables. Outcomes resulting from interactions between these variables are then modeled to demonstrate the effectiveness of management in marine managed areas (MMAs) in Belize, Panama, and other areas. MIDAS is written in Java SDK and Runtime Environment (JRE; version 6 update 5) that enables portability across computer platforms. The article describes the utility of MIDAS in three contexts: (I) to assist managers, policy makers, and various stakeholders in understanding the critical determining factors (CDFs) for MMA success, (2) to enhance multi-stakeholder analysis and promote consensus, and (3) to provide a free and intuitive interface with a capability to incorporate user valuations of factors affecting marine management and to generate reports and maps concerning risk. MIDAS has been tested and validated by a variety of users in three workshops.
Optimal Spatial Deployment of CO2 Capture and Storage Given a Price on Carbon
Authors: Kuby Michael J. , Bielicki Jeffrey M. , Middleton Richard S.
Published: March 2011

Carbon dioxide capture and storage (CCS) links together technologies that separate carbon dioxide (CO2) from fixed point source emissions and transport it by pipeline to geologic reservoirs into which it is injected underground for long-term containment. Previously, models have been developed to minimize the cost of a CCS infrastructure network that captures a given amount of CO2. The CCS process can be costly, however, and large-scale implementation by industry will require government regulations and economic incentives. The incentives can price CO2 emissions through a tax or a cap-and-trade system. This paper extends the earlier mixed-integer linear programming model to endogenously determine the optimal quantity of CO2 to capture and optimize the various components of a CCS infrastructure network, given the price per tonne to emit CO2 into the atmosphere. The spatial decision support system first generates a candidate pipeline network and then minimizes the total cost of capturing, transporting, storing, or emitting CO2. To illustrate how the new model based on CO2 prices works, it is applied to a case study of CO2 sources, reservoirs, and candidate pipeline links and diameters in California.
Language and Conflict
Authors: Mabry Tristan James
Published: March 2011

Language divides are common components of group conflict, a phenomenon reflected widely in theories of nationalism. This article evaluates measures developed by David Laitin and James Fearon in the minorities at risk dataset claiming to quantify language difference and concludes they are deeply flawed. The introduction outlines language divides vis-a-vis conflict. A theoretical analysis in the second section argues against rational choice analyses of language politics; in the third section a sociolinguistic matrix shows that these fractional measures represent language ancestry but nothing else (morphology, syntax, lexicon, orthography, status). Theoretical implications and alternative methods are considered in the fourth section followed by a summary conclusion.
Trust in Uzbekistan
Authors: Gleave Eric , Robbins Blaine , Kolko Beth
Published: March 2011

Although trust is a lively area of research, it is rarely investigated in countries outside of commonly available cross-national public-opinion datasets. In an effort to fill this empirical void and to draw conclusions concerning the general determinants of trust, the current article employs detailed survey data from a frequently overlooked Central Asian country, Uzbekistan, to test the relationship between particularized trust and demographic traits previously identified as influential. While a number of Uzbek demographic characteristics coincide with previously identified determinants of trust, age and education yield negative effects not previously found. Interestingly, individual-level demographic variables become insignificant when controlling for regional, religious, and linguistic variation. We conclude with a discussion of the theoretical implications.
The Developmental Relation between Adenoid Tissue and Paranasal Sinus Volumes in 3‐Dimensional Computed Tomography Assessment
Authors: Apuhan Tayfun , Yıldırım Yavuz Selim , Özaslan Hakkı
Published: March 2011

Objective

The aim of this study was to evaluate the developmental relationship between the volumes of paranasal sinuses and adenoid tissue by using a 3‐dimensional (3D) reconstruction technique.

Study Design

Cross‐sectional study.

Setting

Tertiary referral center.

Subjects and Methods

Multislice computed tomography (MSCT) images were obtained using 3D reconstructions and a volume‐rendering technique (VRT) in 69 boys and 35 girls aged 3 to 16 years, and bilateral maxillary, frontal, and sphenoid sinus volumes, as well as adenoid tissue volume marked in axial‐coronal‐sagittal planes, were calculated. The patients were grouped in 3 categories according to adenoid tissue volumes, and comparisons were made.

Results

There was no significant difference between the right maxillary volume and left maxillary volume (P =. 93). No significant difference was noted between the groups in terms of age and gender. There was no significant correlation between frontal, sphenoid, right and left maxillary, or total maxillary sinus volumes in all 3 groups of patients.

Conclusion

When classified according to adenoid tissue size, it was observed that increasing adenoid tissue volumes did not significantly affect the development of paranasal sinuses. Developmentally, there are no statistically significant correlations between the volumes of paranasal sinuses and adenoid tissues.
Breaking the rules: Personal control increases women’s direct relationship initiation
Authors: MacGregor Jennifer C.D. , Cavallo Justin V.
Published: March 2011

Previous research demonstrates a gender difference in the strategies that people use to initiate heterosexual romantic relationships, with men typically playing a more active role than women (Clark, Shaver, & Abrahams, 1999). The current research tests whether bolstering women’s personal control can eliminate this prevalent gender difference. Across three studies, one correlational and two experimental, results revealed that when women’s sense of personal control is heightened, they become just as willing as men to exert effort and to use direct strategies to initiate relationships. Our findings suggest that the gender difference in participation in the initiation process may be more malleable than previously thought and that feelings of personal control may underlie this gender divide.
Stepparents' and nonresidential parents' relational satisfaction as a function of coparental communication in stepfamilies
Authors: Schrodt Paul
Published: March 2011

Using interdependence theory, this study tested a series of actor–partner interdependence models of coparental communication and relational satisfaction among stepparents and nonresidential parents in stepfamilies. Participants included 40 residential stepparent/nonresidential parent dyads ( N = 80). Results revealed significant actor and partner effects for stepparents' and nonresidential parents' reports of supportive and antagonistic coparental communication and relational satisfaction. A second set of models examined stepparents' and nonresidential parents' coparental communication with the residential parent and revealed that nonresidential parents' supportive and antagonistic coparental communication predicted their own satisfaction with the stepparent, as well as the stepparent’s satisfaction with them (i.e., a partner effect). Importantly, the findings demonstrate the interdependence of coparenting relationships in stepfamilies, as nonresidential parents' coparental communication with their ex-spouses predicted meaningful variance in stepparents' satisfaction with the nonresidential parent.
Current status of pediatric/neonatal extracorporeal life support: clinical outcomes, circuit evolution, and translational research
Authors: Vasavada Rahul , Feng Qiu  , Ündar Akif
Published: March 2011

Extracorporeal life support (ECLS) offers lifesaving mechanical circulatory support for patients afflicted with respiratory and/or cardiac failure. Neonatal respiratory patients have higher survival rates compared to pediatric patients, while, for cardiac cases, pediatric patients are more likely to survive. The indications for ECLS have been expanded due to the improved technology and favorable outcomes. However, the rate of mortality and morbidity for ECLS patients remains significant. Mechanical complications still comprise a large percentage of ECLS complications, leaving definite room for improvement in ECLS circuit technology in the future. As a pre-clinical evaluating tool, translational research will provide more useful information for the selection of ECLS devices, encourage further development of ECLS technology, and, ultimately, benefit the patients.
Web 2.0 and Marketing Education: Explanations and Experiential Applications
Authors: Granitz Neil , Koernig Stephen K.
Published: March 2011

Although both experiential learning and Web 2.0 tools focus on creativity, sharing, and collaboration, sparse research has been published integrating a Web 2.0 paradigm with experiential learning in marketing. In this article, Web 2.0 concepts are explained. Web 2.0 is then positioned as a philosophy that can advance experiential learning through greater student construction of pedagogical materials, by bringing more of the outside world into the classroom and by modifying the role of the professor. Next, Web 2.0 principles are applied to create specific class marketing activities. Finally, using technology champions and incentives, strategies to motivate faculty adoption of the Web 2.0 paradigm are presented.
Is engaged pluralism the best way ahead for economic geography? Commentary on Barnes and Sheppard (2009)
Authors: Simandan Dragos
Published: March 2011

Barnes and Sheppard (2009) assume that an anti-monist and anti-reductionist economic geography is desirable and that this desirability is so obvious that no argument needs to be advanced in its support. This commentary challenges this assumption and suggests that a monist and reductionist economic geography organized around the idea of truth-seeking is neither unthinkable nor unpalatable. In order to flesh out this idea, the commentary builds on recent work in the philosophy of scientific induction to show why one of its less publicized advances — error statistical theory — holds far more promise for the future development of economic geography than Barnes and Sheppard’s vague and nebulous ‘engaged pluralism’.
Resources, violence and the telluric geographies of small wars
Authors: Korf Benedikt
Published: March 2011

A growing literature debates the proposition that insurgency in ‘small wars' is primarily driven by opportunities to exploit or loot abundant natural resource and by feasibility factors. While recent studies on the geography of opportunity, feasibility and predation have qualified some of these broad claims, the literature is still in need of a better understanding of the micro-geographies of small wars. Through a critical discussion of this literature, I will argue for an analytics of ‘telluric geographies' that studies the geography of rule, violence and affect in small wars.
The Benefits of Respite Time-Use
Authors: Utz Rebecca L. , Lund Dale A. , Caserta Michael S. , Wright Scott D.
Published: March 2011

This study uses data from semistructured interviews and time-log diaries to explore both desired and actual time-use among employed ( n = 26) and nonemployed caregivers ( n = 22). We found that employed caregivers were generally more satisfied with respite time-use than nonemployed caregivers. Employed caregivers were also more likely to do activities they had desired to do, suggesting they may have clearer expectations about what they could accomplish during respite. Although most employed caregivers considered employment to be a valuable and desired form of respite, lack of free time outside of work and caregiving was stressful. Similarly, nonemployed caregivers expressed a desire to do activities they wanted to do, rather than only those related to caregiving and household maintenance. These results suggest that both employed and nonemployed caregivers might benefit from better respite time-use. Practice and policy suggestions that might enhance caregivers’ use of respite time are provided.
Acceptors and Rejecters of Life-Sustaining Treatment
Authors: Winter Laraine , Parks Susan M.
Published: March 2011

Because most patients are decisionally incapacitated at the end of life, health care providers often rely on advance directives or proxies’ substituted judgment for guidance in treatment decisions. In a survey of 202 older adults and their respective proxies, we compared older adults who would reject life-sustaining care to those who would accept it in terms of the availability and accuracy of the information sources that providers would consult, viz., whether the patient had (a) completed a living will, (b) designated a durable power of attorney for health care (DPAHC), and (c) discussed wishes with a proxy; and (d) we calculated the accuracy of proxies’ substituted judgment. Older adults who would accept all treatments were significantly less likely to have completed a living will, assigned a DPAHC, or discussed their wishes with their proxies, and their proxies were much less accurate in understanding their wishes.
“We Must Believe in Ourselves”
Authors: Rule Peter , Modipa Taadi Ruth
Published: March 2011

Many adults with disabilities in South Africa never had a chance to attend school or dropped out at an early age because of poverty and discrimination. This article investigates the attitudes and experiences of adults with disabilities regarding education. It draws on an interactional model of disability and an embodied understanding of cognition as theoretical frames. The study attempted to adopt an emancipatory action research approach that involved persons with disabilities in conceptualizing and conducting the research. It found that adults with disabilities had generally negative experiences of education as children but a strong desire to learn as adults. Involvement in collective learning and action has the potential to transform the body images and self-efficacy of adults with disabilities. The research findings suggest a perspective on adults with disabilities as potentially powerful and resourceful learners and citizens.
Education for Freedom? “Living Room Learning” and the Liberal Arts of Government
Authors: McLean Scott
Published: March 2011

This article provokes critical reflection about the role of adult educators in contemporary processes of social control. It does so through presenting an empirical case study of an important liberal adult education program (Living Room Learning) and through introducing the work of British sociologist, Nikolas Rose. Rose’s provocative ideas about the evolution of power and oppression, and his seemingly paradoxical conceptualization of freedom as a strategy and technique of government, have influenced diverse fields of scholarly activity. This article contributes both to the history of adult education in North America and to the understanding of the contemporary place of adult education within the liberal arts of government. It raises important questions regarding the relationship between adult education, power, and social control, and it encourages scholars of adult education to examine their field more critically.
Assessment of the potential reproductive toxicity of long-term exposure of adult male rats to low-dose formaldehyde
Authors: Dangxia Zhou  , Jing Zhang  , Haixu Wang
Published: March 2011

Formaldehyde (FA), a ubiquitous environmental pollutant, is extensively used in hospitals, laboratories and many industrial settings. Previous studies have showed that short-term, high-dose FA exposure is toxic to male reproduction of mammals. In this paper, we evaluated the male reproductive toxicity of long-term, low-dose formaldehyde exposure in rats, and explored the potential mechanisms. A total of 30 Sprague-Dawley male rats were randomly allotted to three groups, rats were exposed to FA at a dose of 0 (control), 0.5, 2.46 mg/m3 respectively by inhalation for consecutive 60 days. The results indicated that the reproductive toxicity of FA is dose-dependent. Testicular, epididymal structure and function in rats of 0.5 mg/m3 FA exposure group showed no obvious difference compared with those in control group. However, sperm quantity and quality, testicular seminiferous tubular diameter, the activities of superoxide dismutase and glutathione peroxidase was significantly decreased whereas the level of malondialdehyde was significantly increased in rats of 2.46 mg/m3 FA exposure group compared with those in control group. Moreover, histopathological results showed atrophy of seminiferous tubules, decreases of spermatogenic cells and the lumina were oligozoospermic in testes of 2.46 mg/m3 FA exposure rats. In conclusion, the level of 0.5 mg/m 3 can be considered as a safe level for FA exposure, but long-term FA exposure at a dose of 2.46 mg/m3 has a harmful effect on male reproduction by inducing oxidative stress in male rats.
Protective role of methanol extract of Cetraria islandica (L.) against oxidative stress and genotoxic effects of AFB1 in human lymphocytes in vitro
Authors: Kotan Elif , Alpsoy Lokman , Anar Mustafa , Aslan Ali , Agar Guleray
Published: March 2011

In this study, the antigenotoxic and antioxidant effects of Cetraria islandica methanol (CME) extract were determined by using sister chromatid exchange (SCE), micronuclei (MN) assays and superoxide dismutase (SOD) and glutathione peroxidase (GPx) activities and malondialdehyde (MDA) levels against effects of aflatoxin B1 (AFB 1) induced oxidative stress and genotoxicity in human lymphocytes in vitro. The results showed that the frequencies of SCE, MN and MDA level decreased, SOD and GPx activities increased when 5 μg/mL and 10 μg/mL doses of CME were added to AFBı-treated cultures. Also, the present results indicate that CME has strong antioxidative and the antigenotoxicity mechanisms of CME are associated with its antioxidant nature.
Glucose Oxidase Incorporated Collagen Matrices for Dermal Wound Repair in Diabetic Rat Models: A Biochemical Study
Authors: Arul V. , Masilamoni J. G. , Jesudason E. P. , Jaji P. J. , Inayathullah M. , Dicky John D. G. , Vignesh S. , Jayakumar R.
Published: March 2011

Impaired wound healing in diabetes is a well-documented phenomenon. Emerging data favor the involvement of free radicals in the pathogenesis of diabetic wound healing. We investigated the beneficial role of the sustained release of reactive oxygen species (ROS) in diabetic dermal wound healing. In order to achieve the sustained delivery of ROS in the wound bed, we have incorporated glucose oxidase in the collagen matrix (GOIC), which is applied to the healing diabetic wound. Our in vitro proteolysis studies on incorporated GOIC show increased stability against the proteases in the collagen matrix. In this study, GOIC film and collagen film (CF) are used as dressing material on the wound of streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats. A significant increase in ROS ( p < 0.05) was observed in the fibroblast of GOIC group during the inflammation period compared to the CF and control groups. This elevated level up regulated the antioxidant status in the granulation tissue and improved cellular proliferation in the GOIC group. Interestingly, our biochemical parameters nitric oxide, hydroxyproline, uronic acid, protein, and DNA content in the healing wound showed that there is an increase in proliferation of cells in GOIC when compared to the control and CF groups. In addition, evidence from wound contraction and histology reveals faster healing in the GOIC group. Our observations document that GOIC matrices could be effectively used for diabetic wound healing therapy.
Postmodern Left-Liberalism: Hardt and Negri and the Disavowal of Critique
Authors: Cremin Colin , Roberts John Michael
Published: March 2011

In this article we set out to critique what we term the politics of left-liberalism. Broadly speaking, we situate left-liberalism around four principles. First, left-liberalism rejects Marx’s labour theory of value. Second, left-liberalism believes that capitalism is inherently antagonistic. Third, left-liberalism develops a notion of resistance to the antagonistic nature of global capitalism through a politics of cultural difference. Fourth, left-liberalism often believes that global capitalism is now constituted through a type of informational post-industrialism. We develop these points through a critique of Hardt and Negri, who we believe articulate a postmodern version of left-liberalism. We highlight problems in Hardt and Negri’s rejection of Marxist value theory and their notion of singular events. We then set out an alternative notion of the event through the work of Badiou and Deleuze and Guattari, which is then applied to make some wider critical observations on left-liberal politics.
A New Place for Death With Dignity
Authors: Keegan Lynn , Drick Carole Ann
Published: March 2011

In this article, the authors consider how professional nurses can strive to advance death and dying to the next level in our evolution of compassionate end-of-life practices. The authors focus on describing the development of a place for dying that allows for a peaceful, profound experience that honors and respects human dignity and elevates the human family. Actual places called the Golden Room or Golden Room Centers are proposed to accommodate dying persons and their loved ones at end of life as they make the transition from physical life. The authors detail and propose a return to the sacredness of death and dying through access to a place for the physical transition.
On Joshua in Pseudo-Sirach
Authors: Nissan Ephraim
Published: March 2011

Pseudo-Sirach (or Pseudo-Ben Sira) is an early medieval Hebrew text which contains much homiletical material, but whose intent is more playful than genuinely exegetical. Eli Yassif has argued that this work originated in Caliphal Mesopotamia. Pseudo-Sirach is structured as a series of exchanges between the child prodigy Ben Sira (Jeremiah’s son), and King Nebuchadnezzar. Yassif’s argument that the Solomon and Sheba tales which underlie some of Pseudo-Sirach probably depend on a non-Jewish source is useful as we try to explain a puzzling short aetiological tale in this work. In this article, it is argued that in its form in Pseudo-Sirach the tale about Joshua’s bull-riding during the taking of Jericho, first, has been re-aetiologized: whereas Muslim tradition explains the Ephraimite Joshua’s association with the bull in a different way, the Jewish rationale for this motif occurs on account of tribal symbolism that links the bull to Joseph. Second, it is proposed that the motif of a bull-riding hero is likely derived from an Iranian myth in which King Ferêdûn is associated with cattle and bull-riding; it also reflects Islamic sources where it is connected to various biblical characters. Third, it is argued that a bull-riding hero against the backdrop of city walls, in a relief from the Capitoline Museums in Rome, is probably unrelated to Pseudo-Sirach; however, it is evidence of the occurrence of such a juxtaposition of motifs in international folklore. Finally, the tradition that the Abū Thōr neighbourhood in Jerusalem was named after a bull-riding man (a general of Saladin) is discussed. The toponym Abū Thōr is possibly correlated to the bull-riding Joshua. The tale behind the name of the neighbourhood is possibly reminiscent of one of the conflations between the Iranian Ferêdûn and Islamic traditions about a number of biblical characters.
Two new Icelandic tephra markers: The Hekla Ö tephra layer, 6060 cal. yr BP, and Hekla DH tephra layer, ~6650 cal. yr BP. Land-sea correlation of mid-Holocene tephra markers
Authors: Ruth Gudmundsdóttir Esther , Larsen Gudrún , Eiríksson Jón
Published: March 2011

A sedimentary basin within the Tjörnes Fracture Zone on the north Icelandic shelf has been investigated with the purpose of locating tephra layers for dating and stratigraphical correlations of terrestrial and marine archives. Two new mid-Holocene tephra markers originating from the Hekla volcano in Iceland have been identified in the marine sediment core MD99-2275 retrieved from the basin east of the island of Grímsey. These tephra layers have been correlated to their terrestrial counterparts, the Hekla Ö tephra and the Hekla DH (Dark Horse) tephra. The Hekla Ö tephra has been dated to 6060±115 cal. yr BP by four AMS 14C dates from two terrestrial sites in Iceland. An age estimate of 6650 cal. yr BP has been calculated (SAR, soil accumulation rate) for the Hekla DH tephra from three soil sections in Iceland. Preliminary volume estimates of the Hekla Ö and Hekla DH tephra layers are ~1 km 3 and ~0.8 km3, respectively. These two tephra layers enhance the age control between the Hekla 4 and Hekla 5 tephra markers in the shelf sediments previously unrestrained by terrestrially dated tephra markers and are a valuable addition to the tephrochronology of Iceland and the north Icelandic shelf.
Holocene coastal evolution and evidence for paleotsunami from a tectonically stable region, Tasmania, Australia
Authors: Clark Kate , Cochran Ursula , Mazengarb Colin
Published: March 2011

Stratigraphic investigations of three coastal waterbodies in southeastern Tasmania reveal major paleoenvironmental phases related to sea level change and anomalous deposits consistent with tsunami inundation. Twenty-two short sediment cores were examined for their sedimentology and fossil diatom, foraminifera and macrofossil assemblages; nine radiocarbon ages were obtained. Despite diverse Holocene histories at each site, four common phases of Holocene paleoenvironmental evolution can be distinguished. In Phase I (pre-8000 yr BP) terrestrial environments existed. During Phase II (8000–6500 yr BP) ponded freshwater environments formed behind transgressive coastal barriers. In Phase III (6500–2000 yr BP) the sites were subject to varying degrees of marine influence, resulting in environments ranging from current-swept tidal inlets to sheltered brackish-marine lagoons. In Phase IV (2000 yr BP to present) there was a decrease in marine influence, one site changed to a freshwater wetland environment while the other two changed to ephemeral salt pans. This study suggests that postglacial sea level rise culminated after c. 7300 cal. yr BP in southeastern Tasmania and that there was probably a late-Holocene fall in sea level. These paleoenvironmental histories provide a framework within which to identify anomalous deposits and assess them for likely causes. Five anomalous deposits are identified, three of which are considered likely to have been deposited by tsunami occurring at c. 4000 cal. yr BP, c. 2000 cal. yr BP and <2000 cal. yr BP, although deposition by large storms cannot be ruled out.
Changes in erosion patterns during the Holocene in a currently treeless subalpine catchment inferred from lake sediment geochemistry (Lake Anterne, 2063 m a.s.l., NW French Alps): The role of climate and human activities
Authors: Giguet-Covex Charline , Arnaud Fabien , Poulenard Jérôme , Disnar Jean-Robert , Delhon Claire , Francus Pierre , David Fernand , Enters Dirk , Rey Pierre-Jérôme , Delannoy Jean-Jacques
Published: March 2011

A high-resolution sedimentological and geochemical study was performed on a 20 m long core from the alpine Lake Anterne (2063 m a.s.l., NW French Alps) spanning the last 10 ka. Sedimentation is mainly of minerogenic origin. The organic matter quantity (TOC%) as well as its quality (hydrogen (HI) and oxygen (OI) indices) both indicate the progressive onset and subsequent stabilization of vegetation cover in the catchment from 9950 to 5550 cal. BP. During this phase, the pedogenic process of carbonate dissolution is marked by a decrease in the calcium content in the sediment record. Between 7850 and 5550 cal. BP, very low manganese concentrations suggest anoxic conditions in the bottom-water of Lake Anterne. These are caused by a relatively high organic matter (terrestrial and lacustrine) content, a low flood frequency and longer summer stratification triggered by warmer conditions. From 5550 cal. BP, a decrease in TOC, stabilization of HI and higher sedimentation rates together reflect increased erosion rates of leptosols and developed soils, probably due to a colder and wetter climate. Then, three periods of important soil destabilization are marked by an increased frequency and thickness of flood deposits during the Bronze Age and by increases in topsoil erosion relative to leptosols (HI increases) during the late Iron Age/Roman period and the Medieval periods. These periods are also characterized by higher sedimentation rates. According to palynological data, human impact (deforestation and/or pasturing activity) probably triggered these periods of increased soil erosion.
Frames, claims and audiences: Construction of food allergies in the Canadian media
Authors: Harrington Daniel W. , Elliott Susan J. , Clarke Ann E.
Published: March 2011

Food allergies are newly emerging health risks, and some evidence indicates that their prevalence is increasing. Public perception, however, is that the prevalence of food allergies is much greater than systematic estimates suggest. As food allergies increasingly permeate everyday life, this paper explores how associated risks are constructed through the mass media. In particular, nine years of media coverage of food allergies are analysed through the lens of issue framing and claims-making. Results show that advocates and affected individuals dominate discussions around policy action, while researchers and health professionals are diagnosing the causes of food allergy. Results also suggest that there is competition over the definition of food allergies, which may, in turn, be shaping public understanding of the related risks. There is also an indication that the framing of food allergies is evolving over time, and that the discussion is becoming increasingly one-sided with affected individuals leading the charge.
Contexts constrain science in the public: How the sociobiology debate was (not) presented in the German press
Authors: Linke Sebastian
Published: March 2011

This article reports on a media study on the coverage of sociobiology (SB) in the German media. The analyses show a decoupling between the academic discussion and the German media coverage: when the scientific debates about SB were at their height (late 1970s), nearly no reporting occurred in the German press, whereas from the middle of the 1990s onwards, when the academic discussion had settled, SB was presented increasingly often. The case reveals the importance of cultural contexts in shaping popular science coverage, making SB a non-issue in the German media at the times of its most intense scientific debate. Factors contributing to this particular situation in German academia and popular culture are discussed. Comparisons with other studies show how the late renaissance of SB in Germany in the late 1990s is due to media attention towards the new biosciences.
Youth migration, rurality and class
Authors: Rye Johan Fredrik
Published: March 2011

Drawing on Bourdieusian social theory, the paper combines class and social constructionist perspectives to reconceptualize youth’s rural-to-urban migration. It discusses how structural properties of everyday lives, e.g. class background, inform rural youth’s evaluations of rurality, and how these evaluations generate specific rural/urban residential preferences and migration practices. The theoretical discussion is informed by a survey study among rural teenagers in a remote rural region in Norway – the Mountain Region. The results show significant correspondence between informants’ location in the rural class structure as measured by parents’ economic/cultural capital resources and occupation, their evaluations of rurality and, finally, their preferences along the rural–urban dimension for a future place to live. The findings indicate that the social background of rural youth has a greater influence on migration decisions than has been acknowledged in contemporary and predominantly social-constructionist rural migration research. Thus, the paper advocates a theoretical framework that conceptualizes the migration decisions of rural youth as resulting from individualized and free choices, but still structured by predispositions of their rural class habitus.
Assessing female wealth in nineteenth century Milan, Italy
Authors: Licini Stefania
Published: March 2011

This article adds to the debate about women’s relations with business, finance and accounting by discussing the economic and social position of women in Milan, Italy during the industrialization era. The work utilizes the act of succession (probate records), a source extensively used in the Anglophone literature, and provides detailed information about the amount, distribution and concentration of female (and male) property. The findings are discussed in the light of many similar studies carried out in Common law countries, and the way the “egalitarian” legal context of a Roman law country affected women’s position as wealth holders is commented upon. The legal right to property was important, but not sufficient to grant Italian women equal access to it. This examination of inheritance practices shows that culture, custom and, most of all, the male dominated Catholic religion curbed women’s ability to accumulate wealth.
Physiognomy of a Corte organization: How power shaped management and accounting at the Estense Corte in Ferrara, Italy, from 1385 to 1471
Authors: Maran Laura , Vagnoni Emidia
Published: March 2011

Corti1 have been important entities in the history of Italy, as they fostered its economic growth after the medieval period. A Corte was characterized by two main elements, the Lord and the fortifications, the latter defining the physical boundaries of the Lord’s power. The Lord had a favourable position in the Corte’s coalition nature and thanks to this advantage he could order and structure the Corte, both adhering to behavioural codes and establishing hierarchy levels and accounting rules (Papagno, 1982). This article focuses in particular on the Estense Corte of Ferrara and its physiognomy from 1385 to 1471. Through analysis of original documents contained in historical archives, an attempt is made to define the exercise of the Lord’s power and its relationship with both the Corte’s organizational structure and its accounting system. The research seeks to uncover the symbolic significance of these, and sheds light on the evolution of the organization and the intertwined development of its accounting architecture.
Creativity in Virtual Work
Authors: Martins Luis L. , Shalley Christina E.
Published: March 2011

Organizations are increasingly using virtual teams, in which individuals work with their teammates across distance and differences, using a variety of information and communication technologies. In this study, the authors examined how demographic differences (i.e., differences in race, sex, age, and nationality) between individuals working virtually affected their collective creativity. Specifically, the authors examined how demographic differences interacted with the nature of interaction processes (establishment of rapport, participation equality, and process conflict) and difference in technical experience, to affect creativity in short-term virtual work interactions. Differences in age interacted with the processes and with differences in technical experience to affect creativity. Differences in nationality had a strong negative direct effect and interacted with differences in technical experience to affect creativity. Differences in sex and race did not significantly affect creativity. Implications of findings for managing virtual teams are discussed.