bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Prenatal diagnosis of megacystis microcolon intestinal hypoperistalsis syndrome by biochemical analysis of fetal urine
Authors: Rosenblatt Jonathan , Dreux Sophie , Spaggiari Emmanuel , Morin Cécile , Allaf Bichr , Valat Anne Sylvie , Halim Danny , Oury Jean‐François , Muller Françoise
Published: May 2018

Objectives

The objective of the study is to determine a model of fetal urine biochemical markers to differentiate megacystis microcolon intestinal hypoperistalsis syndrome (MMIHS) from other megacystis.

Method

This is a retrospective study of biochemical analysis of fetal urine in patients who presented prenatally with megacystis. We studied β2‐microglobulin, sodium, calcium, and phosphorus. Twenty‐six patients subsequently diagnosed with MMIHS were compared with 2 control groups: one of end‐stage renal failure (64 fetuses) and the second of “good” postnatal renal function (control group, 64 fetuses).

Results

Mean fetal urine β2‐microglobulin was significantly higher (P < .001) in end‐stage renal failure (15.7 mg/L) than in MMIHS (2.2 mg/L) and the control group (3.2 mg/L). Fetal urine profiles differed significantly (P < .001) between MMIHS and the control group: median sodium 46.5 and 51 mmol/L, median calcium 1.12 and 0.73 mmol/L, and median phosphorus 0.03 and 0.15 mmol/L respectively. Fetal urinary ionic index [ratio: calcium / (phosphorus × sodium)] gave an area under the ROC curve of 0.86, at 54% sensitivity and 97% specificity, with correct classification in 84% of cases. We defined a nomogram to obtain a probability for MMIHS.

Conclusion

Fetal urinalysis can be helpful in prenatal differentiation of MMIHS from posterior urethral valves with good postnatal renal function.
Criss‐cross amphiphilic polymers and analogous model systems
Authors: Chakraborty Saheli , Ramakrishnan S.
Published: May 2018

A new class of amphiphilic polymers carrying two pendant docosyl (C22) chains, located at periodic intervals that are separated by PEG chains of varying lengths, was synthesized via a simple melt‐transesterification polymerization, using dimethyl, 2,5‐didocosyloxyterephthalate as one of the monomers. DSC, variable temperature FT‐IR, and WAXS studies demonstrated that immiscibility between the pendant docosyl units and the backbone PEG segments drives their self‐segregation; this results in the crystallization of the pendant docosyl segments and the generation of a lamellar morphology with the alkyl segments and the PEG chains occupying alternate layers. Based on the study of model criss‐cross amphiphiles that resemble the polymer repeat unit, it is postulated that the chains reconfigure such that both the docosyl chains fold to one side of the terephthalate unit while the PEG segments form a loop on the other side; these chains then organize in a bilayer to form the lamellar structure. The simplicity of the synthesis and the rather unique properties of these polymers suggests that such a design could be translated to develop other interesting functional materials that could exploit the immiscibility‐driven microphase separation for the generation of sub‐10 nm domains; these could have potential applications, such as in membranes, solid polymer electrolyte formulations, and so forth. © 2018 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Polym. Sci., Part A: Polym. Chem. 2018, 56, 1554–1563
Synthesis of lightly crosslinked zwitterionic polymer‐based bioinspired adhesives for intestinal tissue sealing
Authors: Kim Minkyu , Ondrusek Brian A. , Lee Choogon , Douglas Wade G. , Chung Hoyong
Published: May 2018

In this report, we have developed a new bioinspired medical adhesive capable of providing a leak‐proof barrier for application to intestinal anastomoses. The newly synthesized adhesive is a terpolymer possessing three different repeating units: (1) A zwitterionic polymer, poly(sulfobetaine methacrylate) (polySBMA), for increased hydrophilicity and biocompatibility, (2) a 3,4‐dihydroxy‐L‐phenylalanine (DOPA) segment which contains the catechol group, and (3) poly(ethylene glycol) dimethacrylate (PEGDMA) for light crosslinking, which will be used to strengthen the polymer adhesion properties by providing debonding resistance. The chemical structure of the terpolymer, poly(N‐methacryloyl‐3,4‐dihydroxyl‐L‐phenylalanine‐co‐sulfobetaine methacrylate‐co‐poly(ethylene glycol) dimethacrylate) (poly(MDOPA‐co‐SBMA‐co‐PEGDMA)), synthesized following a convenient and reproducible radical polymerization was clearly confirmed by 1H NMR. The terpolymer adhesive displayed the optimal adhesion properties when containing 1.5–2.5 mol % of crosslinker, PEGDMA, according to the measured maximum adhesion strength and work of adhesion, characterized by lap shear strength tests utilizing porcine skin. The adhesive did not show cytotoxicity when tested with human embryonic kidney (HEK293A) cells. Ex vivo anastomosis experiments using porcine intestine demonstrated that the new poly(MDOPA‐co‐SBMA‐co‐PEGDMA) is a promising biomedical adhesive which successfully prevents leakage from the sutured intestinal tissue. © 2018 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Polym. Sci., Part A: Polym. Chem. 2018, 56, 1564–1573
Cross‐metathesis of biorenewable dioxalates and diols to film‐forming degradable polyoxalates
Authors: Rajput Bhausaheb S. , Ram Farsa , Menon Shamal K. , Shanmuganathan Kadhiravan , Chikkali Samir H.
Published: May 2018

Starting from commonly available sugar derivatives, a single step protocol to access a small family of isohexide‐dioxalates (2a–c) has been established. The synthetic competence of2a–chas been demonstrated by subjecting them to condensation polymerization. Quite surprisingly, the proton NMR of poly(isomannide‐co‐hexane)oxalate revealed a 1:2 ratio between isomannide‐dioxalate (2a) and 1,6‐hexanediol (3a) in the polymer backbone. This intriguing reactivity was found to be an outcome of a cross metathesis reaction between2aand3a. The cross metathesis products3a”[2‐(2‐methoxyacetoxy)ethyl 2‐(2‐hydroxyethoxy)‐2‐(λ3‐oxydanylidene)acetate] and2a‘(3R,6R)‐6‐hydroxyhexahydrofuro[3,2‐b]‐furan‐3‐yl methyl oxalate were isolated in a control experiment. Based on direct and indirect evidence, and control experiments, an alternative polymerization mechanism is proposed. Polymerization conditions were optimized to obtain polyoxalatesP1(2a‐3a)‐P9(2c‐3c)with molecular weights in the range of 14,000–68,000 g/mol, and narrow polydispersities. The identity of the polyoxalates was unambiguously established using 1‐2D NMR spectroscopy, MALDI‐ToF‐MS, and GPC measurements. The practical implication of these polymers is demonstrated by preparing transparent, mechanically robust films. The environmental footprint of the selected polyoxalates was investigated by subjecting them to solution and solid‐state degradation. The polyoxalates were found to be amenable to degradation. © 2018 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Polym. Sci., Part A: Polym. Chem.2018,56, 1584–1592
The efficient cyclopolymerization of silyl‐tethered styrenic difunctional monomers
Authors: Ferri Nicolò , Ozaydin Gul Beste , Zeffiro Alberto , Nitti Andrea , Aviyente Viktorya , Pasini Dario
Published: May 2018

The synthesis and characterization of innovative difunctional styrene‐based monomers and their cyclopolymerization is reported. Difunctional silyl‐based protecting groups with different steric hindrance (either methyl/phenyl or phenyl/phenyl) are used as “tethers” for two 4‐vinylbenzyl reactive moieties. We demonstrate that efficient cyclopolymerization, performed under free‐radical conditions or RAFT‐mediated, takes place for both monomers. RAFT polymerization allows excellent control of Mn and higher degree of polymerization when compared to uncontrolled radical polymerization, yet not optimal control of dispersities. The silyl tethering group could be removed to afford poly(p‐hydroxymethylstyrene). Thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) demonstrates the thermal robustness of the new cyclopolymers, and gives an insight on the ability of the corresponding deprotected polymer to chelate metals ions. The described strategy opens possibilities to achieve sequence control through a cyclopolymerization/tether removal strategy, when having two suitable aromatic systems with opposing electronic character and reactivities in chain cyclopolymerization. © 2018 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Polym. Sci., Part A: Polym. Chem. 2018, 56, 1593–1599
Rotation‐assisted formation of poly(3‐butylthiophene) nanowires: Morphology, microstructure, and electrical property
Authors: Yuan Yuan , Zhang Yinping , Cui Xiang , Li Wenhao , Duan Yongxin , Zhang Jianming
Published: May 2018

The phenomenon of “shear‐induced crystallization” is commonly observed for crystalline polymers. Herein, we demonstrate that this concept can be applied to promote the self‐assembly of the conductive nanowires (NWs) in dilute solution. It is found that, by a simple rotation‐assisted method, higher yield of poly(3‐butylthiophene) (P3BT) NWs in anisole solvent was obtained than the case under static condition. While the length as well as the crystal modification of the NWs is not changed. The structural analysis suggests that the P3BT NWs take the crystal modification of form I′ rather than the conventional form I, independent of the sampling condition. This conclusion is further confirmed by investigating the phase transition behavior of the NWs using synchrotron radiation wide‐angle X‐ray diffraction technique. Unexpectedly, the active layer in field‐effect transistor (FET) device fabricated by well‐shaped pure NWs network formed under the rotation field shows the comparable carrier mobility with that fabricated by the ambiguous NWs network obtained under the static condition, which implies that the amorphous part plays an important role in affecting the electrical property. © 2018 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Polym. Sci., Part B: Polym. Phys. 2018, 56, 1027–1034
Topical Application of Culture-Expanded CD34+ Umbilical Cord Blood Cells from Frozen Units Accelerates Healing of Diabetic Skin Wounds in Mice
Authors: Whiteley Jennifer , Chow Theresa , Adissu Hibret , Keating Armand , Rogers Ian M.
Published: May 2018

Chronic and nonhealing wounds are constant health issues facing patients with type 2 diabetes. As the incidence of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) increases, the incidence of chronic wounds and amputations will rise. T2DM is associated with peripheral arterial occlusive disease, which leads to the development of nonhealing skin ulcers after minor trauma. Patients develop severe pain limiting their mobility and ability to work and take care of themselves, thus putting a significant burden on the family and society. CD34+ cells from umbilical cord blood (UCB) grown in fibroblast growth factor-4 (FGF-4), stem cell factor, and Flt3-ligand produced a population of cells that have the ability to proliferate and develop properties enabling them to enhance tissue regeneration. The goal of this study was to assess in vitro cultured CD34+ cells in a setting where they would eventually be rejected so we could isolate paracrine signaling mediated therapeutic effect from the therapeutic effect due to engraftment and differentiation. To achieve this, we used db/db mice as a model for diabetic skin ulcers. Here, we report that in vitro cultured UCB CD34+ cells from frozen units can accelerate wound healing and resulted in the regeneration of full thickness skin. This study demonstrates a new indication for banked UCB units in the area of tissue regeneration.
Did victories in certification contests affect the survival of organizations in the American automobile industry during 1895–1912? A replication study
Authors: Goldfarb Brent , Zavyalova Anastasiya , Pillai Sandeep
Published: May 2018

Research summary: We successfully replicate the highly influential study: “The social construction of reputation…,”(Rao, ) which reports that cumulative victories in certification contests are negatively associated with firm failure. The replication is robust to the inclusion of additional controls. As in the original, tests of whether the theory is most powerful under higher uncertainty are not supported. Further, placing second, third, or merely participating in races also negatively predicts firm failure, and there is insufficient information in the data to tease out the importance of these predictors versus race victories. We discuss the assumptions under which the evidence can be interpreted as supportive of a more general argument of “loose coupling”, where affiliation with certification contests reduces firm failure.

Managerial summary: We successfully replicate a study that related victories in races to the survival of early automobile firms. This result was interpreted as evidence that rank‐order certification contests legitimized firms and led to survival. We then demonstrate that there is insufficient information to tease out the relative importance of victories, as opposed to placing second, third, or merely participating in predicting survival. Our result is consistent with an argument that affiliation with certification contests, not only winning them, increases a firm's chances of survival. It is also consistent with an argument that firms with better quality automobiles won races and survived. An implication of our work is that there is insufficient evidence to determine if firms in new industries should expend finite resources on participation in certification contests or improvement of product quality.
The Current Status of Professional Journals in Dental and Oral Health From Arabic‐Speaking Countries
Authors: Bernstein Joshua , Altman Donald , Owens Janine , Aboul‐Enein Basil H.
Published: May 2018

The Arabic‐speaking region is disproportionately affected by oral health conditions compared with industrialized nations. The World Health Organization recommends oral health integration into chronic disease programs in middle‐ to low‐income countries. This article evaluates availability of peer‐reviewed dental and oral health publications in the Arabic‐speaking region. Dental journals were identified through (i) PubMed NLM Catalog Journals; (ii) Scopus; (iii) Google Scholar; (iv) Science Direct; (v) the Index Medicus for the Eastern Mediterranean Regional Office; and (vi) Iraqi Academic Scientific Journals database. Each journal site was evaluated for aim/scope, publication period, activity status, format, and language. The search returned 28 dental and oral health professional journals that fit the study parameters; all were tabled and described by evaluation criteria. Language is a key element that emerged within the sample. The prevalence of online formats may inhibit community‐level practitioners from accessing regionally and culturally congruent dental research.
Characterization of antagonistic yeasts for biocontrol applications on apples or in soil by quantitative analyses of synthetic yeast communities
Authors: Gross Simon , Kunz Liesa , Müller Denise C. , Santos Kron Amanda , Freimoser Florian M.
Published: May 2018

Antagonistic yeasts suppress plant pathogenic fungi by various mechanisms, but their biocontrol efficacy also depends on the ability to compete and persist in the environment. The goal of the work presented here was to quantify the composition of synthetic yeast communities in order to determine the competitiveness of different species and identify promising candidates for plant protection. For this purpose, colony counting of distinct species and matrix‐assisted laser desorption ionization time‐of‐flight mass spectrometry (MALDI‐TOF MS; MALDI biotyping) were used to distinguish different yeast species and to quantify the composition of a synthetic community of six yeasts (Aureobasidium pullulans, Candida subhashii, Cyberlindnera sargentensis, Hanseniaspora sp., Metschnikowia pulcherrima and Pichia kluyveri) over time, on apples and in soil, and in different growth media. These studies revealed important characteristics that predispose the different species for particular applications. For example, the competitiveness and antagonistic activity of C. subhashii was strongly increased in the presence of N‐acetylglucosamin as the sole carbon source, M. pulcherrima and A. pullulans were the strongest competitors on apple, and C. sargentensis competed the best in soil microcosms. Based on these laboratory studies, M. pulcherrima and A. pullulans are promising candidates for biocontrol applications against fungal phyllosphere diseases, while C. sargentensis may hold potential for use against soilborne fungal pathogens. These results document the potential of MALDI‐TOF MS for the quantitative analysis of synthetic yeast communities and highlight the value of studying microorganisms with relevant functions in moderately complex, synthetic communities and natural substrates rather than as individual isolates.
Cyclic Mario worlds — color-decomposition for one-loop QCD
Authors: Kälin Gregor
Published: May 2018

Abstract

We present a new color decomposition for QCD amplitudes at one-loop level as a generalization of the Del Duca-Dixon-Maltoni and Johansson-Ochirov decomposition at tree level. Starting from a minimal basis of planar primitive amplitudes we write down a color decomposition that is free of linear dependencies among appearing primitive amplitudes or color factors. The conjectured decomposition applies to any number of quark flavors and is independent of the choice of gauge group and matter representation. The results also hold for higher-dimensional or supersymmetric extensions of QCD. We provide expressions for any number of external quark-antiquark pairs and gluons.
Linking entanglement and discrete anomaly
Authors: Hung Ling-Yan , Wu Yong-Shi , Zhou Yang
Published: May 2018

Abstract

In 3d Chern-Simons theory, there is a discrete one-form symmetry, whose symmetry group is isomorphic to the center of the gauge group. We study the ‘t Hooft anomaly associated to this discrete one-form symmetry in theories with generic gauge groups, A, B, C, D-types. We propose to detect the discrete anomaly by computing the Hopf state entanglement in the subspace spanned by the symmetry generators and develop a systematical way based on the truncated modular S matrix. We check our proposal for many examples.
Supersymmetric gauged matrix models from dimensional reduction on a sphere
Authors: Closset Cyril , Ghim Dongwook , Seong Rak-Kyeong
Published: May 2018

Abstract

It was recently proposed that

$$ \mathcal{N} $$

N

= 1 supersymmetric gauged matrix models have a duality of order four — that is, a quadrality — reminiscent of infrared dualities of SQCD theories in higher dimensions. In this note, we show that the zero-dimensional quadrality proposal can be inferred from the two-dimensional Gadde-Gukov-Putrov triality. We consider two-dimensional

$$ \mathcal{N} $$

N

= (0, 2) SQCD compactified on a sphere with the half-topological twist. For a convenient choice of R-charge, the zero-mode sector on the sphere gives rise to a simple

$$ \mathcal{N} $$

N

= 1 gauged matrix model. Triality on the sphere then implies a triality relation for the supersymmetric matrix model, which can be completed to the full quadrality.
Abelian F-theory models with charge-3 and charge-4 matter
Authors: Raghuram Nikhil
Published: May 2018

Abstract

This paper analyzes U(1) F-theory models admitting matter with charges q = 3 and 4. First, we systematically derive a q = 3 construction that generalizes the previous q = 3 examples. We argue that U(1) symmetries can be tuned through a procedure reminiscent of the SU(N ) and Sp(N ) tuning process. For models with q = 3 matter, the components of the generating section vanish to orders higher than 1 at the charge-3 matter loci. As a result, the Weierstrass models can contain non-UFD structure and thereby deviate from the standard Morrison-Park form. Techniques used to tune SU(N ) models on singular divisors allow us to determine the non-UFD structures and derive the q = 3 tuning from scratch. We also obtain a class of a q=4 models by deforming a prior U(1) × U(1) construction. To the author’s knowledge, this is the first published F-theory example with charge-4 matter. Finally, we discuss some conjectures regarding models with charges larger than 4.
ϵ′/ϵ anomaly and neutron EDM in SU(2)L × SU(2)R × U(1)B−L model with charge symmetry
Authors: Haba Naoyuki , Umeeda Hiroyuki , Yamada Toshifumi
Published: May 2018

Abstract

The Standard Model prediction for ϵ
′/ϵ based on recent lattice QCD results exhibits a tension with the experimental data. We solve this tension through W

R

+
gauge boson exchange in the SU(2)
L
× SU(2)
R
× U(1)
B−L
model with ‘charge symmetry’, whose theoretical motivation is to attribute the chiral structure of the Standard Model to the spontaneous breaking of SU(2)
R
× U(1)
B−L
gauge group and charge symmetry. We show that

$$ {M_W}_{{}_R}<58 $$

M
W

R

<
58

TeV is required to account for the ϵ′/ϵ anomaly in this model. Next, we make a prediction for the neutron EDM in the same model and study a correlation between ϵ
′
/ϵ and the neutron EDM. We confirm that the model can solve the ϵ
′
/ϵ anomaly without conflicting the current bound on the neutron EDM, and further reveal that almost all parameter regions in which the ϵ
′
/ϵ anomaly is explained will be covered by future neutron EDM searches, which leads us to anticipate the discovery of the neutron EDM.
Fermion masses and mixings and dark matter constraints in a model with radiative seesaw mechanism
Authors: Bernal Nicolás , Cárcamo Hernández A. E. , de Medeiros Varzielas Ivo , Kovalenko Sergey
Published: May 2018

Abstract

We formulate a predictive model of fermion masses and mixings based on a Δ(27) family symmetry. In the quark sector the model leads to the viable mixing inspired texture where the Cabibbo angle comes from the down quark sector and the other angles come from both up and down quark sectors. In the lepton sector the model generates a predictive structure for charged leptons and, after radiative seesaw, an effective neutrino mass matrix with only one real and one complex parameter. We carry out a detailed analysis of the predictions in the lepton sector, where the model is only viable for inverted neutrino mass hierarchy, predicting a strict correlation between θ
23 and θ
13. We show a benchmark point that leads to the best-fit values of θ
12, θ
13, predicting a specific sin2
θ
23 ≃ 0.51 (within the 3σ range), a leptonic CP-violating Dirac phase δ ≃ 281.6° and for neutrinoless double-beta decay m

ee
≃ 41.3 meV. We turn then to an analysis of the dark matter candidates in the model, which are stabilized by an unbroken ℤ2 symmetry. We discuss the possibility of scalar dark matter, which can generate the observed abundance through the Higgs portal by the standard WIMP mechanism. An interesting possibility arises if the lightest heavy Majorana neutrino is the lightest ℤ2-odd particle. The model can produce a viable fermionic dark matter candidate, but only as a feebly interacting massive particle (FIMP), with the smallness of the coupling to the visible sector protected by a symmetry and directly related to the smallness of the light neutrino masses.
Gravitational multipole moments from Noether charges
Authors: Compère Geoffrey , Oliveri Roberto , Seraj Ali
Published: May 2018

Abstract

We define the mass and current multipole moments for an arbitrary theory of gravity in terms of canonical Noether charges associated with specific residual transformations in canonical harmonic gauge, which we call multipole symmetries. We show that our definition exactly matches Thorne’s mass and current multipole moments in Einstein gravity, which are defined in terms of metric components. For radiative configurations, the total multipole charges — including the contributions from the source and the radiation — are given by surface charges at spatial infinity, while the source multipole moments are naturally identified by surface integrals in the near-zone or, alternatively, from a regularization of the Noether charges at null infinity. The conservation of total multipole charges is used to derive the variation of source multipole moments in the near-zone in terms of the flux of multipole charges at null infinity.
Model with a gauged lepton flavor SU(2) symmetry
Authors: Chiang Cheng-Wei , Tsumura Koji
Published: May 2018

We propose a model having a gauged SU(2) symmetry associated with the second and third generations of leptons, dubbed SU(2)
μτ
, of which

$$ \mathrm{U}{(1)}_{{\mathbb{L}}_{\mu }-{\mathbb{L}}_{\tau }} $$

U

1

L
μ

−

L
τ

is an Abelian subgroup. In addition to the Standard Model fields, we introduce two types of scalar fields. One exotic scalar field is an SU(2)
μτ
doublet and SM singlet that develops a nonzero vacuum expectation value at presumably multi-TeV scale to completely break the SU(2)
μτ
symmetry, rendering three massive gauge bosons. At the same time, the other exotic scalar field, carrying electroweak as well as SU(2)
μτ
charges, is induced to have a nonzero vacuum expectation value as well and breaks mass degeneracy between the muon and tau. We examine how the new particles in the model contribute to the muon anomalous magnetic moment in the parameter space compliant with the Michel decays of tau.
Casimir squared correction to the standard rotator Hamiltonian for the O(n) sigma-model in the delta-regime
Authors: Niedermayer F. , Weisz P.
Published: May 2018

Abstract

In a previous paper we found that the isospin susceptibility of the O(n) sigma-model calculated in the standard rotator approximation differs from the next-to-next-to leading order chiral perturbation theory result in terms vanishing like 1/ℓ, for ℓ = L

t

/L → ∞ and further showed that this deviation could be described by a correction to the rotator spectrum proportional to the square of the quadratic Casimir invariant. Here we confront this expectation with analytic nonperturbative results on the spectrum in 2 dimensions, by Balog and Hegedüs for n = 3, 4 and by Gromov, Kazakov and Vieira for n = 4, and find good agreement in both cases. We also consider the case of 3 dimensions.
Higher-order Skyrme hair of black holes
Authors: Gudnason Sven Bjarke , Nitta Muneto
Published: May 2018

Abstract

Higher-order derivative terms are considered as replacement for the Skyrme term in an Einstein-Skyrme-like model in order to pinpoint which properties are necessary for a black hole to possess stable static scalar hair. We find two new models able to support stable black hole hair in the limit of the Skyrme term being turned off. They contain 8 and 12 derivatives, respectively, and are roughly the Skyrme-term squared and the so-called BPS-Skyrme-term squared. In the twelfth-order model we find that the lower branches, which are normally unstable, become stable in the limit where the Skyrme term is turned off. We check this claim with a linear stability analysis. Finally, we find for a certain range of the gravitational coupling and horizon radius, that the twelfth-order model contains 4 solutions as opposed to 2. More surprisingly, the lowest part of the would-be unstable branch turns out to be the stable one of the 4 solutions.
Localization of U(1) gauge vector field on flat branes with five-dimension (asymptotic) AdS5 spacetime
Authors: Zhao Zhen-Hua , Xie Qun-Ying
Published: May 2018

Abstract

In order to localize U(1) gauge vector field on Randall-Sundrum-like braneworld model with infinite extra dimension, we propose a new kind of non-minimal coupling between the U(1) gauge field and the gravity. We propose three kinds of coupling methods and they all support the localization of zero mode. In addition, one of them can support the localization of massive modes. Moreover, the massive tachyonic modes can be excluded. And our method can be used not only in the thin braneword models but also in the thick ones.
Strong thermal SO(10)-inspired leptogenesis in the light of recent results from long-baseline neutrino experiments
Authors: Chianese Marco , Di Bari Pasquale
Published: May 2018

Abstract

We confront recent experimental results on neutrino mixing parameters with the requirements from strong thermal SO(10)-inspired leptogenesis, where the asymmetry is produced from next-to-lightest right-handed neutrinos N
2 independently of the initial conditions. There is a nice agreement with latest global analyses supporting sin δ < 0 and normal ordering at ∼ 95% C.L. On the other hand, the more stringent experimental lower bound on the atmospheric mixing angle starts to corner strong thermal SO(10)-inspired leptogenesis. Prompted and encouraged by this rapid experimental advance, we obtain a precise determination of the allowed region in the plane δ versus θ
23. We confirm that for the benchmark case α
2 ≡ m

D2
/m
charm = 5 , where m

D2 is the intermediate neutrino Dirac mass setting the N
2 mass, and initial pre-existing asymmetry N

B − 
L

p,i
 = 10− 3, the bulk of solutions lies in the first octant. Though most of the solutions are found outside the 95% C.L. experimental region, there is still a big allowed fraction that does not require a too fine-tuned choice of the Majorana phases so that the neutrinoless double beta decay effective neutrino mass allowed range is still m

ee
≃ [10, 30] meV. We also show how the constraints depend on N

B − 
L

p,i
and α
2. In particular, we show that the current best fit, (θ
23
, δ) ≃ (47°, −130°), can be reproduced for N

B − 
L

p,i
 = 10− 3 and α
2 = 6. Such large values for α
2 have been recently obtained in a few realistic fits within SO(10)-inspired models. Finally, we also obtain that current neutrino data rule out N

B − 
L

p,i
 ≳ 0.1 for α
2 ≲ 4.7.
A limit for large R-charge correlators in $$ \mathcal{N} $$ = 2 theories
Authors: Bourget Antoine , Rodriguez-Gomez Diego , Russo Jorge G.
Published: May 2018

Abstract

Using supersymmetric localization, we study the sector of chiral primary operators (Tr ϕ
2)
n
with large R-charge 4n in

$$ \mathcal{N} $$

N

= 2 four-dimensional superconformal theories in the weak coupling regime g → 0, where λ ≡ g
2
n is kept fixed as n → ∞, g representing the gauge theory coupling(s). In this limit, correlation functions G
2n
of these operators behave in a simple way, with an asymptotic behavior of the form

$$ {G}_{2n}\approx {F}_{\infty}\left(\uplambda \right){\left(\frac{\uplambda}{2\pi e}\right)}^{2n} $$

G

2
n

≈

F
∞

λ

λ

2
π
e

2
n

n

α
, modulo O(1/n) corrections, with

$$ \alpha =\frac{1}{2} \dim \left(\mathfrak{g}\right) $$

α
=

1
2

dim

g

for a gauge algebra

$$ \mathfrak{g} $$

g

and a universal function F
∞(λ). As a by-product we find several new formulas both for the partition function as well as for perturbative correlators in

$$ \mathcal{N}=2\kern0.5em \mathfrak{s}\mathfrak{u}(N) $$

N
=
2

s
u

N

gauge theory with 2N fundamental hypermultiplets.
Towards an explicit model of large field inflation
Authors: Dorronsoro Juan Diaz , Schillo Marjorie
Published: May 2018

Abstract

The unwinding inflation mechanism is studied in a type IIB flux compactification where all moduli are stabilized using flux, non-perturbative effects, and the leading α′ corrections of the large volume scenario. We consider the backreaction on the geometry due to the presence of anti-D3 branes as well as the backreaction of inflation on the Kähler moduli, and compute the resulting corrections to the slow-roll potential. By taking large flux numbers, we are able to find inflationary epochs where backreaction effects are under control, the inflaton traverses a super-Planckian field range, and the resulting amplitude of scalar perturbations is consistent with observation.
Lie-algebraic classification of effective theories with enhanced soft limits
Authors: Bogers Mark P. , Brauner Tomáš
Published: May 2018

Abstract

A great deal of effort has recently been invested in developing methods of calculating scattering amplitudes that bypass the traditional construction based on Lagrangians and Feynman rules. Motivated by this progress, we investigate the long-wavelength behavior of scattering amplitudes of massless scalar particles: Nambu-Goldstone (NG) bosons. The low-energy dynamics of NG bosons is governed by the underlying spontaneously broken symmetry, which likewise allows one to bypass the Lagrangian and connect the scaling of the scattering amplitudes directly to the Lie algebra of the symmetry generators. We focus on theories withenhancedsoft limits, where the scattering amplitudes scale with a higher power of momentum than expected based on the mere existence of Adler’s zero. Our approach is complementary to that developed recently in ref. [1], and in the first step we reproduce their result. That is, as far as Lorentz-invariant theories with a single physical NG boson are concerned, we find no other nontrivial theories featuring enhanced soft limits beyond the already well-known ones: the Galileon and the Dirac-Born-Infeld (DBI) scalar. Next, we show that in a certain sense, these theories do not admit a nontrivial generalization to non-Abelian internal symmetries. Namely, for compact internal symmetry groups, all NG bosons featuring enhanced soft limits necessarily belong to the center of the group. For noncompact symmetry groups such as the ISO(n) group featured by some multi-Galileon theories, these NG bosons then necessarily belong to an Abelian normal subgroup. The Lie-algebraic consistency constraints admit two infinite classes of solutions, generalizing the known multi-Galileon and multi-flavor DBI theories.
Intuitionistic fuzzy model for reliability management in wind turbine system
Authors: Aikhuele Daniel O.
Published: May 2018

A flexible model which is based on a Triangular intuitionistic flexibility ranking and aggregating (TIFRA) operator is proposed for failure detection and reliability management in a Wind Turbine system. The model which is employed when there are limited research data and valid source of information, uses expert-based knowledge/opinion for failure detection and reliability management. The results from the study concludes that, the most important area affected by failure with respect to the failure criteria used, includes; oil level sensor tilt sensors for tower installation and accelerometers for tower sway (A2), Pressure sensor for blade monitoring (A3), and the Pitch actuator (A4). The main advantage of the proposed method is that it provides advanced information about faults that identifies the intensity of the system behavior also; the method provides a more complete view of the reliability management and root cause of failure in the Wind Turbine (WT) system using the flexibility parameter in the model.
Midlife vascular risk factors and midlife cognitive status in relation to prevalence of mild cognitive impairment and dementia in later life: The Atherosclerosis Risk in Communities Study
Authors: Knopman David S. , Gottesman Rebecca F. , Sharrett A. Richey , Tapia Amanda L. , DavisThomas Sonia , Windham B. Gwen , Coker Laura , Schneider Andrea L.C. , Alonso Alvaro , Coresh Josef , Albert Marilyn S. , Mosley Thomas H.
Published: May 2018

Introduction

The interplay between midlife vascular risk factors and midlife cognitive function with later life mild cognitive impairment (MCI) and dementia (DEM) is not well understood.

Methods

In the Atherosclerosis Risk in Communities Study, cardiovascular risk factors and cognition were assessed in midlife, ages 45–64 years. In 2011–2013, 20–25 years later, all consenting Atherosclerosis Risk in Communities participants underwent a cognitive and neurological evaluation and were given adjudicated diagnoses of cognitively normal, MCI, or DEM.

Results

In 5995 participants with complete covariate data, midlife diabetes, hypertension, obesity, and hypercholesterolemia were associated with late‐life MCI and DEM. Low midlife cognition function was also associated with greater likelihood of late‐life MCI or DEM. Both midlife vascular risk factors and midlife cognitive function remained associated with later life MCI or DEM when both were in the model.

Discussion

Later life MCI and DEM were independently associated with midlife vascular risk factors and midlife cognition.
Cycling and Budgets of Organic and Black Carbon in Coastal Bohai Sea, China: Impacts of Natural and Anthropogenic Perturbations
Authors: Fang Yin , Chen Yingjun , Tian Chongguo , Wang Xiaoping , Lin Tian , Hu Limin , Li Jun , Zhang Gan , Luo Yongming
Published: May 2018

Organic carbon (OC) cycling in coastal seas that connect terrestrial and open oceanic ecosystems is a dynamic and disproportionately important component of oceanic and global carbon cycles. However, OC cycling in coastal seas needs to be better constrained, particularly for geochemically important black carbon (BC). In this study, we conducted multimedium sampling campaigns, including atmospheric deposition, river water, seawater, and sediments in coastal Bohai Sea (BS) in China. We simultaneously quantified particulate OC (POC), particulate BC (PBC), dissolved OC (DOC), and dissolved BC (DBC) and investigated the cycling and budgets of OC and BC. The cycling and budgets of each individual particulate phase (i.e., POC versus PBC) and dissolved phase (i.e., DOC versus DBC) displayed similar patterns, but there were some distinct differences between the particulate and dissolved phases. In the particulate phases, atmospheric and riverine delivery dominated exogenous inputs (>80%), sequestration to sediments dominated removal (~70%), and exchanges in the Bohai Strait resulted in net export. In the dissolved phases, exchanges in the Bohai Strait dominated both import and export and were in a relatively dynamic equilibrium. We found that both natural perturbations, such as spring dust storms, and anthropogenic activity, exerted significant impacts on BS carbon cycling. The integration of regional and global source‐to‐sink process databases made it clear that future BC studies should calculate PBC and DBC fluxes independently. Continuous field observational studies, more details of the biogeochemical processes involved, and consistent BC quantification methods are urgently needed to elucidate coastal OC and BC cycling.
Fluid Flux in Fractured Rock of the Alpine Fault Hanging‐Wall Determined from Temperature Logs in the DFDP‐2B Borehole, New Zealand
Authors: Janku‐Capova Lucie , Sutherland Rupert , Townend John , Doan Mai‐Linh , Massiot Cécile , Coussens Jamie , Célérier Bernard
Published: May 2018

Sixteen temperature logs were acquired during breaks in drilling of the 893m‐deep DFDP‐2B borehole, which is in the Alpine Fault hanging‐wall. The logs record various states of temperature recovery after thermal disturbances induced by mud circulation. The long‐wavelength temperature signal in each log was estimated using a sixth‐order polynomial, and residual (reduced) temperature logs were analyzed by fitting discrete template wavelets defined by depth, amplitude, and width parameters. Almost two hundred wavelets are correlated between multiple logs. Anomalies generally have amplitudes <1°C, and downhole widths <20m. The largest amplitudes are found in the first day after mud circulation stops, but many anomalies persist with similar amplitude for up to 15 days. Our models show that thermal and hydraulic diffusive processes are dominant during the first few days of re‐equilibration after mud circulation stops, and fluid advection of heat in the surrounding rock produces temperature anomalies that may persist for several weeks. Models indicate that the fluid flux normal to the borehole within fractured zones is of order 10−7 to 10−6 m s−1, which is 2–3 orders of magnitude higher than the regional flux. Our approach could be applied more widely to boreholes, as it uses the thermal re‐equilibration phase to derive useful information about the surrounding rock mass and its fluid flow regime.
Long‐Lived Source Heterogeneities in the Galapagos Mantle Plume
Authors: Gazel Esteban , Trela Jarek , Bizimis Michael , Sobolev Alexander , Batanova Valentina , Class Cornelia , Jicha Brian
Published: May 2018

Mantle plume‐derived melts provide a unique glimpse into the chemical heterogeneity of the deep mantle. However, the exact processes involved in forming and sampling lower mantle heterogeneities remain unresolved and thus, require further investigation to understand the cumulative effects of planetary differentiation, crustal recycling, and mantle mixing that lead to their formation. The Galapagos Plume is exceptional in that its lavas sample four distinct isotopic mantle components. However, the origin of each of these end‐members remains debated. In this study, we investigate the spatial and temporal appearance and evolution of these four isotopic end‐members that comprise the present‐day Archipelago by examining ancient Galapagos lava flows preserved in the accreted terranes in Costa Rica and Panama. We discovered that the spatial relationship between each of the classically defined Galapagos Domains has remained relatively constant throughout the evolution of the plume. Our new results extend the time scale of distinct isotopic heterogeneity in the source of the plume to at least 70 Ma for the Southern Domain and 90 Ma for the Central, and Northern Domains, suggesting that geochemically heterogeneous plumes rising through the mantle preserve distinct isotopic heterogeneity on the time scale of tens of millions of years. Additionally, trace element systematics of olivine crystals from the Galapagos‐related Quepos and Azuero terranes (50–70 ma) suggest derivation from sources that included recycled components. Collectively, these results suggest that mantle plumes not only sample large‐scale heterogeneities within the deep mantle, but that these source heterogeneities can remain sampled throughout the lifetime of a plume.
Inferring Geothermal Reservoir Processes at the Raft River Geothermal Field, Idaho, USA, Through Modeling InSAR‐Measured Surface Deformation
Authors: Liu Fang , Fu Pengcheng , Mellors Robert J. , Plummer Mitchell A. , Ali Syed Tabrez , Reinisch Elena C. , Liu Qi , Feigl Kurt L.
Published: May 2018

Ground surface deformations detected with interferometric synthetic aperture radar provide valuable information for inferring subsurface reservoir processes that are difficult to observe directly. This study aims at building a reservoir model that honors the available geological, hydrological, and geomechanical data and also produces ground surface deformation consistent with interferometric synthetic aperture radar measurements at the Raft River Geothermal Field. In the thermo‐hydro‐mechanical coupled model developed, the reservoir deforms as a result of the rock's poroelastic response to changes in hydrologic pressure and thermal expansion/contraction. The results indicate that the observed deformation is the result of pressure decrease in the deep production reservoir and pressure increase in a shallower reservoir that accommodates the injected fluid (likely in the Salt Lake Formation). The combination of the uplift around injection wells with subsidence around the production wells, affected by the Bridge Fault as a flow barrier, creates a complex pattern of surface deformation in which the center of subtle subsidence significantly deviates from the location of the production wells. A parametric study suggests that (a) the Bridge Fault Zone is likely a flow barrier, (b) the surface deformation appears to be insensitive to the presence of the Narrows Structure, and (c) additional flow barriers likely exist to shape the flow system. This case study demonstrates the utility of a high‐fidelity forward model that honors available known information and thermo‐hydro‐mechanical coupled processes in understanding geothermal reservoir characteristics.
Effects of River Capture and Sediment Flux on the Evolution of Plateaus: Insights From Numerical Modeling and River Profile Analysis in the Upper Blue Nile Catchment
Authors: Giachetta E. , Willett S. D.
Published: May 2018

The Ethiopian Highlands, with up to 1,500‐m‐deep canyons surrounded by low relief plateau surfaces, are one of the most spectacular examples of transient fluvial landscapes on Earth. We analyze river profiles extracted from a 90 m digital elevation model of the upper Blue Nile catchment and identify 116 major knickpoints on 137 river profiles. We use 1‐D river profile models to simulate three potential mechanisms for knickpoint formation: plateau uplift, capture of large lakes or internal drainage on the plateau surface, and sediment‐flux‐dependent river incision with a low sediment flux from the plateau surface. We define a normalized upstream knickpoint propagation distance, χkpj, and demonstrate that the erosion models predict different distributions of this metric in transient profiles following plateau uplift. Model knickpoints resulting from the scenario of plateau uplift or common base‐level fall using the stream‐power model display similar upstream propagation distance in χ space. The results of the same scenario modeled with the sediment‐flux‐dependent incision model show upstream knickpoint propagation distance proportional to catchment area. Perturbations to these trends result from drainage capture. Comparing the model results with observed χkpj values of knickpoints and field observations, we recognize effects characteristic of the sediment‐flux‐dependent incision model. However, most profiles are best explained by the systematic transfer of drainage area from the plateau to the surrounding rivers. We propose a new model of landscape evolution for the upper Blue Nile catchment dominated by discrete events of capture of drainage area from the plateau.
Using Time‐Lapse Lidar to Quantify River Bend Evolution on the Meandering Coastal Trinity River, Texas, USA
Authors: Mason Jasmine , Mohrig David
Published: May 2018

Time‐lapse airborne lidar on the coastal Trinity River in Texas, USA, shows profound downstream variability in point bar growth and cut bank erosion resulting from a historically large flood that occurred in 2015. The difference map generated from two surveys covers 55 river bends and captures the transition from quasi‐uniform flow into backwater flow. In the upstream portion of the survey, reach‐averaged deposition is greater than erosion, with high local variability between the two due to the occurrence of bend cutoffs. Point bars shift laterally up to 3 times as much as cut bank retreat in this area. In the backwater zone, cut bank erosion consistently outpaces deposition on point bars and cut bank retreat exceeds the lateral shift of the point bar. Edge‐to‐edge channel width, measured from active scroll bar to outer bank, increases for all bends. This widening is often partially due to point bar widening and movement of the scroll bar away from the channel. The combination of net erosion and limited lateral movement of point bars within the backwater zone implies that during large sustained floods, bank pull instigates channel migration in this area. Farther upstream, net deposition and the high ratio of point bar to cut bank lateral motion imply bar push is more important. Patterns of deposition and erosion within a single bend suggest that channel migration was dominated by downstream bend translation with little bend deformation. Results from this study help to deepen the understanding of coastal river system morphodynamics by connecting changes in the geomorphology to changes in river bend kinematics, hydraulics, and sediment transport.