bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
National Assessment of the Health Extension Program in Ethiopia: Study Protocol and Key Outputs
Authors: Yibeltal Kiflie Alemayehu  , Girmay Medhin  , Alula M. Teklu
Published: July 2024

BACKGROUND: The Health Extension Program (HEP) was introduced in 2003 to extend primary health care services by institutionalizing the former volunteer-based village health services. However, this program is not comprehensively evaluated.
MATERIALS AND METHODS: The 2019 comprehensive national assessment of HEP involved (1) assessment through quantitative and qualitative primary data, (2) a thorough systematic review of the HEP literature, and (3) a synthesis of evidence from the two sources. The assessment included household survey(n=7122), a survey of health extension workers (HEWs) (n=584)_, and an assessment of health posts (HPs)(n=343) and their supervising health centers (HCs)(n=179) from 62 randomly selected woredas. As part of the comprehensive assessment.
OUTPUT AND RESULTS: The outputs were (a) full and abridged reports, (b) 40 posters, (c) seven published, three under review scientific papers and (d) seven papers in this special issue. During the one-year period preceding the study, 54.8% of women, 32.1% of men, and 21.9% of female youths had at least a one-time interaction with HEWs. HPs and HEWs were universally available. There were critical gaps in the skills and motivation of HEWs and fulfillment of HP standards: 57.3% of HEWs were certified, average satisfaction score of HEWs was 48.6%, and 5.4% of HPs fulfilled equipment standards.
CONCLUSIONS: The findings informed policy and program decisions of the Ministry of Health, including the design of the HEP Optimization Roadmap 2020–2035 and the development Health Sector Transformation Plan II. It is also shared with global community through published papers.
Knowledge, Awareness and Practice towards Screening for Prostate Cancer: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis
Authors: Adithya G Rao  , Winniecia Dkhar  , Sharath S  , Rajagopal Kadavigere  , Abhimanyu Pradhan
Published: July 2024

BACKGROUND: Globally prostate cancer is one of the most prevalent cancer among men and a leading cause of morbidity and mortality, especially in a developing country, which is mainly due to lack of knowledge and awareness regarding the screening of prostate cancer. The main objective of this review and meta-analysis is to evaluate the knowledge, awareness and practice of adult men about prostate cancer.
METHOD: An extensive literature search was performed on studies published between January 2000 to 2021. The systematic review initially yielded 137 studies, out of which 7 studies were covered on this meta-evaluation.
RESULT: We noted that the pooled estimate of knowledge and awareness were respectively 65% [CI: 29%, 100%], and 74% [CI: 66%, 82%] about prostate cancer. However, there were limited practices noted in screening of prostate cancer.
CONCLUSION: In order to increase the awareness and screening practice rate for prostate cancer, an improved health education is highly recommended.
The Prevalence of Scoliosis among Adolescent Chest Radiographs Obtained at Tikur Anbessa Specialized Hospital in 2019
Authors: Mihretu Jegnie  , Abay Mulu  , Azmera Gissila  , Misganaw Jegnie  , Fetahi Minichil
Published: July 2024

BACKGROUND: Scoliosis is an abnormal side-to-side spinal curve of greater than or equal to 100 Cobb angle. It is the most common spinal deformity in children and adolescents. Epidemiological evidence about scoliosis is scarce in Africa, including Ethiopia. This study was aimed at determining the prevalence of scoliosis among adolescents and analysing its association with age and sex using plain chest radiographs obtained for non-spinal reasons in Tikur Anbessa Specialized Hospital.
METHOD: All non-tilted, non-rotated, and non-poorly penetrated digital plain chest radiographs of adolescents aged 10 to 19 years obtained at Tikur Anbessa Specialized Hospital between January 1 and December 31, 2019, were measured for the coronal Cobb angle. The data were cleaned, coded, and entered into SPSS version 26 for analysis. Chi-square, and linear regression, and logistic regression analyses were also carried out to evaluate the effect of sex and age on scoliosis.
RESULTS: The Cobb angles of 1,369 posteroanterior chest radiographs of adolescents were measured. Thirty (2.2%, 95% CI: 1.4%, 3.0%) of these were found to have scoliosis. The mean coronal Cobb angle was 2.270±6.320. There was no statistically significant difference between the prevalence of scoliosis in boys (2.21%) and girls (2.17%) (X2=0.003, P=0.954). Likewise, age did not show any statistically significant difference in the prevalence of scoliosis (X2=2.655, P=0.265).
CONCLUSION: This study revealed that incidental finding of adolescent scoliosis in plain chest radiographs is common. Further study using whole spine radiography should be carried out to determine the true general population prevalence of scoliosis in Ethiopia.
Blood Pressure Control among Adults with Hypertension at a Tertiary Hospital in Ethiopia
Authors: Binyam Barega  , Lissane Seifu  , Addisu Melkie  , Sintayehu Abebe  , Melaku Taye
Published: July 2024

BACKGROUND: Uncontrolled hypertension is a leading modifiable risk factor for cardiovascular disease morbidity and mortality. Despite the availability of several effective blood pressure lowering drugs, hypertension control rates remain poor globally. This study aimed to define the level of blood pressure control and to determine the factors associated with poor hypertension control.
METHODS: A hospital-based cross-sectional study was conducted from January to March 2019 at Tikur Anbessa Specialized Hospital among randomly selected 369 patients with hypertension. Data were collected using a pre-tested structured questionnaire. Multivariate binary logistic regression was used to identify determinants of blood pressure control.
RESULTS: The mean (SD) age of the study participants was 55.5 (13.2) years; 188 (50.9%) were males and 28 (7.6%) were active smokers. More than half of the patients (56.0%) were overweight or obese. The most commonly identified comorbidities were diabetes mellitus (48.0%), dyslipidemia (50.9%), and chronic kidney disease (56.1%). The mean (SD) systolic blood pressure was 140.6 (22) mmHg, and diastolic blood pressure was 85.8 (14) mmHg. About two-thirds of the patients (60.2%) had uncontrolled blood pressure. The factors associated with poor blood pressure control with an AOR (95% CI) were increasing age: 1.05 (1.00-1.11), increasing household income: 1.25 (1.04-1.49), being physically inactive: 7.64 (1.14-51.13), chronic kidney disease: 5.36 (1.14-5.16), and use of home blood pressure monitoring: 0.31 (0.102-0.94).
 CONCLUSION: The rate of blood pressure control in patients with hypertension was suboptimal. Age, household income, level of physical activity, chronic kidney disease, and use of home blood pressure monitoring were independent predictors of blood pressure control. It is important to optimize the treatment of hypertension in this high-risk group by implementing effective strategies.
Effects of Educational Interventions on Dietary Adherence among Type 2 Diabetics in Zahedan: Using the Health Action Process Approach
Authors: Sara Moghimi  , Abolfazl Payandeh  , Soheila Ranjbaran  , Maryam seraji
Published: July 2024

BACKGROUND: Type 2 diabetes is the most common type of diabetes, and dietary adherence is a self-care practice. This research aims to improve dietary adherence among type 2 diabetics in Zahedan using the HAPA model.
METHODS: In this cross-sectional study, a total of 210 type 2 diabetics admitted to hospital clinics in Zahedan during summer 2022 were selected. The intervention group (n = 105) and the control group (n = 105) were from hospitals in Zahedan. Samples were selected by the simple random sampling method among the diabetics. After data collection using the demographic characteristics questionnaire and the Dietary Adherence Questionnaire and the HAPA model constructs questionnaire, the pre-test analysis was performed. One and three months after the educational intervention, the questionnaires on HAPA model constructs and self-care behavior were filled out by the patients. Next, data were analyzed using independent t-test, chi-square test, and the Shapiro-Wilk test in SPSS 23.
RESULTS: The results showed that all of the HAPA model constructs had significant differences, one and three months after the educational intervention (P = 0.001), indicating the effectiveness of education in the intervention group. However, there was no significant difference in the control group (P = 0.009).
CONCLUSION: After the intervention using the HAPA model, the model’s constructs had a significant impact on the patients' self-care of dietary adherence following the training.
Development of a Hospital-Stakeholder Collaboration Tool Using Mixed Methods to Assess Stakeholder Perspectives for Hospital Service Improvement
Authors: Purwaningsih Purwaningsih  , Nasronudin Nasronudin  , Nyoman Anita Damayanti  , Mahmudah, Mahmudah  , Sri Andarini  , Bagus Qomarudin  , Djazuly Chalidyanto  , Slamet Riyadi Yuwono  , Aby Nugrah Septanto  , Hakim Zulkarnain
Published: July 2024

BACKGROUND: The purpose of this study was to develop the Hospital-Stakeholder Collaboration (HSC) Tool and Hospital Performance Factor (HPF) Tool to explore stakeholder perception and value for hospital service improvement.
METHODS: This exploratory mixed-method study involved three steps: initial tool development (Step 1), validity testing (Step 2), and module development (Step 3). In Step 1, qualitative data collection through literature reviews, focus group discussions, and interviews with hospital management experts led to the creation of the preliminary tools. Step 2 involved qualitative analysis by a 5-member expert panel, followed by quantitative analysis with 36 respondents for validity (Pearson correlation, α = 0.05) and reliability (Cronbach’s Alpha, α = 0.6) tests. Step 3 encompassed the final module development.
RESULTS: The HSC tool contains 6 domains and the HPF tool contains 4 perspectives. The 6 HSC domains were: 1) stakeholder identification, 2) interactive dialogue, 3) commitment, 4) planning, 5) implementation, 6) change in action and behavior. The 4 HPF perspectives were: 1) stakeholder perspective, 2) financial perspective, 3) internal business process, and 4) staff and organizational capacity. The values of the HSC tool validity and reliability tests were around 0,0046 and around 0,995, respectively. Additionally, the values of the HPF tool validity and reliability tests were around 0,0062 and around 0,995, respectively.
CONCLUSION: This study offers a practical tool for needs assessment for the improvement of service by analyzing direct feedback from hospital stakeholders and measuring hospital performance factors.
The Effect of a Decade Implemented Project in Improving the Uptake of Comprehensive Contraception: Difference-In-Difference Analysis
Authors: Addisalem Titiyos  , Jemal Kassaw  , Kathryn A. O’Connell
Published: July 2024

BACKGROUND: Promotion and use of family planning in countries with high birth rates have the potential to avert a third of all maternal deaths and nearly a tenth of childhood deaths. To support government efforts in creating wider access to comprehensive contraceptive methods, EngenderHealth has contributed to the government of Ethiopia’s long-term goal of improving maternal health outcomes through its Access to Better Reproductive Health Initiative project.
METHODS: Difference-in-Difference approach is the main methodology in this analysis to estimate the “contribution” or “effect” of the ABRI intervention by comparing the changes in family planning outcomes from 2005 to 2016 between the ABRI and non-ABRI areas. This analysis was based on pooled data from the 2005 and 2016 Ethiopian Demographic and Health Surveys. To track temporal changes in the family planning indicators in the ABRI and non-ABRI areas, we employed simple trend analysis.
RESULTS: The results show that overall contraceptive prevalence rate, use of injectables, women’s knowledge of Long-Acting Reversible Contraception (LARC) methods, and their exposure to family planning information/messages from health workers all significantly improved in the ABRI intervention areas beyond what occurred in the non-ABRI areas.  The greatest increase in the use of modern contraception was among adolescents aged 15-19 years, with a DID estimate of 22.4% (p=0.007), ABRI areas compared to no-ABRI areas.
CONCLUSION: In the ABRI areas, family planning indicators recorded positive and significant changes. EngenderHealth has contributed its part in improving access to the uptake of comprehensive contraception and supporting government programs.
Editorial message: Radical Cure of Plasmodium Vivax Malaria: How can we Improve 8- Aminoquinoline Implementation?
Authors: Daniel Yilma
Published: July 2024

Editorial message
Knowledge, Attitudes and Practices among Women of Reproductive Age on Human Papillomavirus Infection, Cervical Cancer and Vaccination in Otukpo, Nigeria
Authors: Olajide Akinnibosun  , Onyukwo Grace Abakpa  , Adole John Ujoh  , Dominic Agbo Oche  , Suleiman Zakari  , Doowuese Yandev  , Peter Adikwu  , Onyemowo Okewu David  , Oludare Agboola  , Simon Paul  , Onyemocho Audu  , Emmanuel Odu  , Innocent Achanya O. Ujah  , Joseph Anejo-Okopi
Published: July 2024

BACKGROUND: Knowledge, attitudes and practices (KAP) of human papilloma virus (HPV) is a necessary measure in curtailing delayed diagnosis and poor control practices. The objective of this study was to assess the knowledge, attitudes and practices vis-à-vis HPV infection, cervical cancer and vaccination among women.
METHODS: This cross-sectional study was conducted at 15 selected health-care facilities in Otukpo metropolis and it involved 168 pregnant women. The data were collected using structured questionnaire, and analysed for descriptive and analytical statistics using Epi Data Version 3.1 and SPSS statistical package Version 21.
RESULTS: Most of the respondents (75.0%) have heard of human papilloma virus and their information source were mostly the health-care providers. In total, 132(78.6%) agreed to take the vaccine if offered for free but 152(90.5%) stated that it is imperative to seek the opinion of health providers before vaccine uptake. However, only 27(16.1%) have undergone recommended checkup for human papilloma virus/cervical cancer and 23(13.7%) have taken at least a vaccine dose. Some respondents 66(39.3%) had good knowledge while 95(56.6%) demonstrated positive attitude. However, most respondents 161(95.8%) demonstrated poor practices.
CONCLUSIONS: There is enormous need to improve HPV sensitization especially in women due to cervical cancer associated risks. Healthcare personnel are therefore encouraged to create more awareness on HPV infection and screening of cervical cancer (CC) via counseling sessions and communications tool like the new media. KAP approach is a critical tool towards successful CC screening and HPV control.
Social Media in Pregnancy Care: Exploring Adoption Factors and Digital Healthcare Information Utilization among Expectant Mothers in Ghana
Authors: Philomina Pomaah Ofori
Published: July 2024

BACKGROUND: The Antenatal Care (ANC) Center is a conventional facility that caters for the prenatal healthcare needs of expectant mothers and ensures proper management by healthcare professionals; however, expectant mothers seek healthcare support from other sources. This study aimed to examine the utilization of social media for healthcare information among expectant mothers in the capital city of Ghana and explore the factors that influence its adoption.
METHOD: This study employed a non-experimental survey design. The study used a questionnaire to gather data from expectant mothers. Using 580 valid responses, SmartPLS structural equation modeling (SEM) was used to analyze the study model.
RESULTS: The study findings demonstrated the significant influence of performance expectancy of social media (PESM) and facilitating conditions of social media (FCSM) on social media healthcare information usage (SMHIU). The results also revealed that emotional support on social media and perceived vulnerability were influential factors that shaped expectant mothers' choices to use social media for healthcare information. However, the study showed that perceived severity and the relative advantage of social media had no significant effects on SMHIU. Interestingly, FCSM was found to be significantly associated with PESM, emphasizing that social media support enhances performance expectancy.
CONCLUSION: This study showed that information is important to expectant mothers, which compels them to seek digital healthcare. With these findings, healthcare providers can incorporate digital health services into their ANC service to support women during pregnancy.
Evaluation of Parents' Perceptions of the Dental and Oral Health in Children with Disability in the Bandung City
Authors: Irsalina Nur Amalia  , Eriska Riyanti  , Prima Andisetyanto  , Rasmi Rikmasari  , Sri Tjahajawati  , Yunia Dwi Rakhmatia
Published: July 2024

BACKGROUND: Children with disability have a risk of poor dental health because of their mental and physical limitations. They depend on caregivers in their daily life Parents have an important role in maintaining children's dental health. Parents attitudes can be influenced by parents’ perceptions of children's dental health. This study explored parental perceptions regarding the dental and oral health of children with special needs in Bandung City.
METHODS: This study utilized a descriptive observational research using a cross-sectional survey. The subjects in this study were 239 parents who had children aged 0–18 years who were taken from 9 special schools. The variables of this study were parents' perceptions and the dental and oral health status of children with disability. Primary data were obtained through a validated questionnaire.
RESULTS: Parents' perceptions of the dental and oral health of children with disability consists of 84.94% good enough perceptions, 12.13% good perceptions, and 2.93% bad perceptions.
CONCLUSION: Most parents have a fairly good perception of the dental and oral health of children with special needs.
Students’ Knowledge, Attitude, and Practices Regarding Solar Ultraviolet Exposure in Karachi, Pakistan
Authors: Mubashir Zafar  , Tafazzul Hyder Zaidi  , Nadira Hyder Zaidi  , Muhammad Waqas Nisar Ahmed  , Sobia Memon  , Faheem Ahmed  , Yusra Saleem  , Zuhaa Rehman  , Anabia Akhlaq  , Sana Sajjad Khan  , Sana Saleem  , Rehan Zaidi
Published: July 2024

BACKGROUND: Ultraviolet Radiation (UVR) from the sun is a significant environmental component that impacts on human health. Excessive UVR exposure has immediate impacts like burning and tanning, as well as long-term consequences including skin damage, photo-aging, skin malignancies.   The objective for this study is to determine the student’s knowledge, attitude and practice regarding solar ultraviolet exposure in Karachi, Pakistan.
METHODS: A cross-sectional study was done in Public Sector University; total 361 students were recruited through stratified cluster sampling from different colleges of university. Data collection was done by validated structured questionnaire. Logistic regression was used to determine the association of outcome variables with risk factors and p-value of <0.05 as a threshold of statistical analysis.
RESULTS: Most of the students were appropriate knowledge (71%), positive attitude (51%) and safe practice (54%) regarding ultraviolet solar exposure. Almost half (69%) of participants were used sun protective agents. After adjustment of covariate, female gender (OR 2.20 (95% CI 1.29-4.07) (p-value 0.004), significantly associated with in-appropriate knowledge, third year students (OR 2.93 (95% CI 1.01-8.95) p-value 0.048) were significantly associated with negative attitude. Age group 18-21 years (OR 1.75(95% CI 1.43-5.31) p-value 0.003) were significantly associated with un-safe practice regarding solar ultraviolet exposure harmful effects.
CONCLUSION: This study found that knowledge level was appropriate but attitude and practice level need to improve for prevention of harmful effects of solar ultra violet ray exposure. The study encourages students to be more aware of sun protection behavior in order to avoid the long-term effects of sun exposure.
Patterns of Major Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery Cases in Two Ethiopian Medical Centers: A Three-Year Retrospective Study
Authors: Surafel Adula  , Demerew Dejene  , Girma Uma  , Gelana Garoma
Published: July 2024

BACKGROUND: Oral and Maxillofacial region is an area that is prone to multitude of disease conditions of developmental nature or acquired which require surgical intervention on many occasions. The aim of this study was to assess the pattern, indications, and types of major oral and maxillofacial surgical procedures carried out at Addis Ababa university Maxillofacial Surgery affiliate hospitals.
METHODS: A retrospective study was conducted on all patients who had undergone oral and maxillofacial surgeries under general anesthesia at Yekatit 12 Hospital Medical College and Saint Peter Specialized Hospital in a period of 3 years from January 2017 to December 2019. Descriptive statistics such as biodata, indication and type of surgery were recorded and analyzed using the Epi info version 7 software.
RESULTS: A total of 689 patients with oral and maxillofacial conditions were managed during the study period. The male to female ratio was 2.48:1, and the mean age of patients was 29.05 years with standard deviation of ±15.5. The predominant indications for surgery were traumatic conditions (50.71%, n=354), followed by neoplastic conditions (18.7%, n=129)). Open reduction and internal fixation were the most common (43.7%, n=313) surgical procedure performed.
CONCLUSIONS: The field of oral and maxillofacial surgery in our climes is a relatively new one. However, it is evolving, and its relevance is growing. With the observed relatively high frequency of traumatic conditions, especially among younger populations, efforts geared at prevention and adequate preparedness for proper surgical management of such patients should be commenced.
Hysteroscopic Removal of an Unwanted Remainder in the Uterus after Two Years of Caesarean Section: A Case Report of Gossypiboma
Authors: Faiza Ejaz  , Zahid Hyder Wadani  , Farheen Yousuf
Published: July 2024

BACKGROUND: Retained surgical items (RSIs) constitute a rare complication arising after surgical procedures. Their occurrence may be averted through diligent precautionary measures. Perioperative counting of equipment and materials is the most common method of screening for RSIs. Subsequent confirmation of the diagnosis can be achieved through clinical examination and imaging studies.
CASE: We report a case of successful hysteroscopic identification and retrieval of gauze inadvertently left within the uterine cavity, after a cesarean section two years back. The patient was later diagnosed with RSIs during routine evaluation for secondary subfertility and vaginal discharge.
CONCLUSIONS: Despite the relatively low incidence of RSIs, they represent a significant and preventable source of patient harm, carrying the potential for fatal outcomes and resulting in substantial medical and legal expenditures.
Ultrasomics in liver cancer: Developing a radiomics model for differentiating intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma from hepatocellular carcinoma using contrast-enhanced ultrasound
Authors: Su Li-Ya , Xu Ming , Chen Yan-Lin , Lin Man-Xia , Xie Xiao-Yan
Published: July 2024

BACKGROUND

Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) and intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma (ICC) represent the predominant histological types of primary liver cancer, comprising over 99% of cases. Given their differing biological behaviors, prognoses, and treatment strategies, accurately differentiating between HCC and ICC is crucial for effective clinical management. Radiomics, an emerging image processing technology, can automatically extract various quantitative image features that may elude the human eye. Reports on the application of ultrasound (US)-based radiomics methods in distinguishing HCC from ICC are limited.

AIM

To develop and validate an ultrasomics model to accurately differentiate between HCC and ICC.

METHODS

In our retrospective study, we included a total of 280 patients who were diagnosed with ICC (n = 140) and HCC (n = 140) between 1999 and 2019. These patients were divided into training (n = 224) and testing (n = 56) groups for analysis. US images and relevant clinical characteristics were collected. We utilized the XGBoost method to extract and select radiomics features and further employed a random forest algorithm to establish ultrasomics models. We compared the diagnostic performances of these ultrasomics models with that of radiologists.

RESULTS

Four distinct ultrasomics models were constructed, with the number of selected features varying between models: 13 features for the US model; 15 for the contrast-enhanced ultrasound (CEUS) model; 13 for the combined US + CEUS model; and 21 for the US + CEUS + clinical data model. The US + CEUS + clinical data model yielded the highest area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUC) among all models, achieving an AUC of 0.973 in the validation cohort and 0.971 in the test cohort. This performance exceeded even the most experienced radiologist (AUC = 0.964). The AUC for the US + CEUS model (training cohort AUC = 0.964, test cohort AUC = 0.955) was significantly higher than that of the US model alone (training cohort AUC = 0.822, test cohort AUC = 0.816). This finding underscored the significant benefit of incorporating CEUS information in accurately distinguishing ICC from HCC.

CONCLUSION

We developed a radiomics diagnostic model based on CEUS images capable of quickly distinguishing HCC from ICC, which outperformed experienced radiologists.
Correlation between dose-volume parameters and rectal bleeding after 12 fractions of carbon ion radiotherapy for prostate cancer
Authors: Ono Takashi , Sato Hiraku , Miyasaka Yuya , Hagiwara Yasuhito , Yano Natsuko , Akamatsu Hiroko , Harada Mayumi , Ichikawa Mayumi
Published: July 2024

BACKGROUND

Carbon ion radiotherapy (CIRT) is currently used to treat prostate cancer. Rectal bleeding is a major cause of toxicity even with CIRT. However, to date, a correlation between the dose and volume parameters of the 12 fractions of CIRT for prostate cancer and rectal bleeding has not been shown. Similarly, the clinical risk factors for rectal bleeding were absent after 12 fractions of CIRT.

AIM

To identify the risk factors for rectal bleeding in 12 fractions of CIRT for prostate cancer.

METHODS

Among 259 patients who received 51.6 Gy [relative biological effectiveness (RBE)], in 12 fractions of CIRT, 15 had grade 1 (5.8%) and nine had grade 2 rectal bleeding (3.5%). The dose-volume parameters included the volume (cc) of the rectum irradiated with at least x Gy (RBE) (Vx) and the minimum dose in the most irradiated x cc normal rectal volume (Dx).

RESULTS

The mean values of D6cc, D2cc, V10 Gy (RBE), V20 Gy (RBE), V30 Gy (RBE), and V40 Gy (RBE) were significantly higher in the patients with rectal bleeding than in those without. The cutoff values were D6cc = 34.34 Gy (RBE), D2cc = 46.46 Gy (RBE), V10 Gy (RBE) = 9.85 cc, V20 Gy (RBE) = 7.00 cc, V30 Gy (RBE) = 6.91 cc, and V40 Gy (RBE) = 4.26 cc. The D2cc, V10 Gy (RBE), and V20 Gy (RBE) cutoff values were significant predictors of grade 2 rectal bleeding.

CONCLUSION

The above dose-volume parameters may serve as guidelines for preventing rectal bleeding after 12 fractions of CIRT for prostate cancer.
Incidence of exclusive extrapelvic skeletal metastasis in prostate carcinoma on bone scintigraphy
Authors: Singh Parneet , Agrawal Kanhaiyalal , Rahman Ashique , Singhal Tejasvini , Parida Girish Kumar , Gnanasegaran Gopinath
Published: July 2024

BACKGROUND

Bone is one of the common sites of metastasis from prostate carcinoma. Bone scintigraphy (BS) is one of the most sensitive imaging modalities currently used for bone metastatic work-up. Skeletal metastasis in prostate carcinoma commonly involves pelvic bones but rarely involves extrapelvic-extraspinal sites.

AIM

To retrospectively analyze the BS data to determine the pattern of skeletal metastases in the prostate carcinoma.

METHODS

This retrospective observational study involves patients with biopsy-proven prostate carcinoma referred for BS for staging assessment. Patients with abnormal BS were evaluated for the pattern of skeletal involvement and data were presented in descriptive format in the form of percentages.

RESULTS

A total of 150 patients with biopsy-proven prostate cancer who were referred for staging were included in the study. Thirteen of 150 patients (8.67%) had no abnormal uptake on planar images, ruling out metastatic disease. Twenty-four patients (16%) had heterogeneous uptake in the spine with distribution characteristic of degenerative disease and no scan pattern of metastatic disease. Thirty patients (20%) had multifocal uptake involving both pelvic and extra pelvic bones on planar images typical for skeletal metastasis and were considered metastatic. Eighty-three out of 150 patients (55.3%) had increased tracer uptake, which was indeterminate, thus, single photon emission computed tomography-computed tomography (SPECT-CT) was acquired, which showed 51 with metastatic disease, 31 benign lesions, and one indeterminate finding. Seven of 150 patients had exclusive pelvic bone uptake, which was found to be metastatic in 4/7 patients in SPECT-CT. Fifty six out of 150 patients showed exclusive extrapelvic tracer uptake, of which only 3 had vertebral metastatic disease. None of the patients with increased uptake exclusively in the extrapelvic-extraspinal location was metastatic.

CONCLUSION

The incidence of exclusive extrapelvic skeletal metastatic disease in prostate carcinoma is 2% (excluding one patient with indeterminate findings). Further, none of the patients in the current study had exclusive extrapelvic-extraspinal metastasis. Thus, exclusive extrapelvic-extraspinal focal abnormality on planar BS carries a very low probability of metastatic disease and hence, further imaging or SPECT-CT can be safely avoided in such cases.
Network pharmacology-based exploration of molecular mechanisms underlying therapeutic effects of Jianpi Huatan Quyu recipe on chronic heart failure with spleen Qi deficiency syndrome
Authors: Li Si-Qi , Min Dong-Yu , Jiang Jun-Wen , Li Xiao-Ying , Yang Xu-Na , Gu Wen-Bo , Jiang Jia-Hui , Chen Li-Hao , Nan Han , Chen Ze-Yu
Published: July 2024

BACKGROUND

Chronic heart failure is a complex clinical syndrome. The Chinese herbal compound preparation Jianpi Huatan Quyu recipe has been used to treat chronic heart failure; however, the underlying molecular mechanism is still not clear.

AIM

To identify the effective active ingredients of Jianpi Huatan Quyu recipe and explore its molecular mechanism in the treatment of chronic heart failure.

METHODS

The effective active ingredients of eight herbs composing Jianpi Huatan Quyu recipe were identified using the Traditional Chinese Medicine Systems Pharmacology Database and Analysis Platform. The target genes of chronic heart failure were searched in the Genecards database. The target proteins of active ingredients were mapped to chronic heart failure target genes to obtain the common drug-disease targets, which were then used to construct a key chemical component-target network using Cytoscape 3.7.2 software. The protein-protein interaction network was constructed using the String database. Gene Ontology and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes enrichment analyses were performed through the Metascape database. Finally, our previously published relevant articles were searched to verify the results obtained via network pharmacology.

RESULTS

A total of 227 effective active ingredients for Jianpi Huatan Quyu recipe were identified, of which quercetin, kaempferol, 7-methoxy-2-methyl isoflavone, formononetin, and isorhamnetin may be key active ingredients and involved in the therapeutic effects of TCM by acting on STAT3, MAPK3, AKT1, JUN, MAPK1, TP53, TNF, HSP90AA1, p65, MAPK8, MAPK14, IL6, EGFR, EDN1, FOS, and other proteins. The pathways identified by KEGG enrichment analysis include pathways in cancer, IL-17 signaling pathway, PI3K-Akt signaling pathway, HIF-1 signaling pathway, calcium signaling pathway, cAMP signaling pathway, NF-kappaB signaling pathway, AMPK signaling pathway, etc. Previous studies on Jianpi Huatan Quyu recipe suggested that this Chinese compound preparation can regulate the TNF-α, IL-6, MAPK, cAMP, and AMPK pathways to affect the mitochondrial structure of myocardial cells, oxidative stress, and energy metabolism, thus achieving the therapeutic effects on chronic heart failure.

CONCLUSION

The Chinese medicine compound preparation Jianpi Huatan Quyu recipe exerts therapeutic effects on chronic heart failure possibly by influencing the mitochondrial structure of cardiomyocytes, oxidative stress, energy metabolism, and other processes. Future studies are warranted to investigate the role of the IL-17 signaling pathway, PI3K-Akt signaling pathway, HIF-1 signaling pathway, and other pathways in mediating the therapeutic effects of Jianpi Huatan Quyu recipe on chronic heart failure.
Green banking disclosure: A bibliometric analysis
Authors: Tran Sa Nguyen , Ha Dao Thi Thieu
Published: July 2024

This study uses a bibliometric approach to analyze the influence and productivity of research on green banking disclosure from 1993 to 2023. We utilize the Web of Science Core Collection database to gather the 112 articles, and Biblioshiny software to analyze and visualize bibliometric data to evaluate literature. Through utilizing co-citation, co-authorship, keyword co-occurrence and the science mapping, the results of study show that the amount of papers published in the field of green banking disclosure has increased dramatically over the past seven years, as have the contributions of many authors, institutions from various countries, and collaboration between researchers from different institutions. The analysis results of the others criteria show that institutional theory, asymmetry information theory, and content analysis were used to study green banking disclosure, which is related to corporate social responsibility and sustainability. This thorough synthesis and analysis of green banking disclosure will add to the body of knowledge in this field by enhancing understanding of the subject and pointing out areas of research deficiency that require attention.
Strategi Pendidikan Agama Kristen Dalam Menanamkan Sikap Moderasi Beragama di Sekolah Tinggi Teologi
Authors: Novi Kristiani Tahalele  , Seli Antonia Tagu Sunga  , Bazahati Laia  , Triyanto Yoel , Wahyu A. Rini
Published: July 2024

Religious moderation is an attitude and way of thinking that upholds the values of justice, balance, straightness, tolerance, priority, civility, and creativity in understanding and practicing religious teachings. Religious moderation is considered important and is one of the values that must be instilled in all students in Indonesia, including those at the Jakarta School of Ecumenical Theology. Students are seen as crucial in learning the value of religious moderation, especially in light of recent issues arising from political conflicts between Israel and Palestine, which are often linked to religion. This has become a sensitive issue that may fuel conflicts among religious communities, emphasizing the need for the frequent incorporation of moderation education. The purpose of this research is to understand the implementation of Christian Religious Education strategies in instilling a stance of religious moderation at the Jakarta School of Ecumenical Theology. The research method employed is qualitative, utilizing observation and interview techniques. The Jakarta School of Ecumenical Theology has already instilled the values of religious moderation in lectures conducted during a single session. This serves as a specific strategy within Christian Religious Education to instill the values of religious moderation, aiming to create a harmonious and peaceful environment.
Computational investigation and biological activity of selected Schiff bases
Authors: Oladipo Segun , Adeleke Adesola A. , Badeji Abosede A. , Babalola Katherine I. , Labulo Ayomide H. , Hassan Ibrahim , Yussuf Sadiq T. , Olalekan Samuel O.
Published: July 2024

Two Schiff bases, (E)-N-(4-bromophenyl)-1-(2,6-dichlorophenyl)methanimine (S1) and (E)-4-(((4-bromophenyl)imino)methyl)phenol (S2) were synthesized and elucidated using basic spectroscopic methods such as Fourier-transform-infrared, Ultraviolet-visible as well as 1H & 13C-NMR while purity of the compounds was ascertained by the means of elemental analysis. The stability, chemical reactivities and electronic properties of S1 and S2 were evaluated using Density Functional Theory (DFT). Energy band gap (?E) of S1 and S2 are 2.81 eV and 3.02 eV respectively and this inferred that S1 is more reactive as well as less stable than S2. The Molecular electrostatic potential (MEP) mapping evaluation showed that both S1 and S2 are having more of the yellow, green and red region than the blue region, signifying that these structures are prone to electrophilic attack. The compounds were screened against one Gram-negative (Staphylococcus aureus) and two Gram-positive bacteria (Klebsiella pneumoniae and Psedomonas aeruginosa) to evaluate their antibacterial potential.  S1 as well as S2 showed antibacterial potential against Staphylococcus aureus and exhibited less of no activity against Klebsiella pneumoniae and Escherichia coli. In silico studies of S1 and S2 against Staphylococcus aureus was carried out and the outcomes corroborate with experimental findings. Pharmacological evaluation of S1 and S2 showed that both compounds exhibited less violation of Lipinski’s rule of five (Ro5) which pose them to be less toxic and orally available.
Health risk evaluation of radon progeny exposure in Nigerian traditional mud houses
Authors: Aladeniyi Kehinde
Published: July 2024

In a study of 56 randomly selected Traditional Mud Houses (TMHs) in Nigeria, the radiation health impacts of radon progeny were evaluated using CR-39 radon detectors within a rainy season. The measured radon concentration ranged from 17 to 174 Bq m-3, with an average value of 76 Bq m-3 (SD = 36). This was lower than the WHO’s recommended reference level of 100 Bq m-3. However, 24% of the surveyed houses exceeded this level, indicating potential health risks. The estimated Potential Alpha Energy Concentration (PAEC) due to its progeny ranged from 1.84 to 18.81 mWL with an average value of 8.24 mWL (SD=3.91). The computed annual effective doses yielded an average value of 3.06 ± 1.44 mSv y1, which is far less than the recommended reference level of 10 mSv y1 by the International Commission on Radiological Protection. The lifetime excess absolute risks varied from 0.4 × 104 to 3.9 × 104, with an average of 1.7 ± 0.8 × 104. Improved the ventilation systems, the application of cements plaster and distempers to the building walls and floor were recommended for older TMHs with ages greater than 50 y to mitigate radon exposure. This data can inform potential policy measures for indoor radon progeny control in Nigeria.
CAMINHOS PARA UMA PRÁTICA REFLEXIVA E TRANSFORMADORA À LUZ DA FORMAÇÃO DE PROFESSORES
Authors: Souza Ana Maria de Oliveira , Jesus Alcicleide Maria Santana de , Vilalva Ester Aparecida de Mei Mello , Oliveira Franciene Pereira das Chagas , Aragão Marina Rolim
Published: July 2024

Este estudo detalhou a integração dos recursos tecnológicos na formação de professores, investigando como essas ferramentas podem ser incorporadas tanto na formação inicial quanto na continuada para aprimorar a prática pedagógica e o engajamento dos estudantes. O objetivo principal foi analisar os impactos dos recursos tecnológicos no processo de formação docente, destacando tanto os benefícios quanto os desafios associados a essa integração. Para alcançar este fim, a metodologia empregada consistiu em uma revisão de literatura, envolvendo a coleta e análise sistemática de dados de publicações anteriores para construir uma base teórica robusta sobre o tema. Os resultados do estudo evidenciaram que, embora os recursos tecnológicos proporcionem oportunidades significativas para enriquecer o ensino, elas também impõem desafios importantes, como a necessidade de formação adequada para os educadores e o acesso a recursos tecnológicos avançados. A pesquisa destacou que a utilização eficaz dessas tecnologias exige não apenas infraestrutura, mas também um planejamento pedagógico que incorpore as ferramentas digitais no currículo de formação dos professores. As considerações finais do estudo sublinharam a importância de desenvolver estratégias eficazes e de fornecer suporte contínuo para a integração dos recursos tecnológicos na educação de professores. Foi enfatizada a necessidade de uma adaptação constante às novas ferramentas e metodologias pedagógicas, propondo-se um modelo de formação que esteja em constante evolução para responder às rápidas mudanças tecnológicas. Este modelo deve contemplar tanto a capacitação técnica dos professores quanto o desenvolvimento de competências pedagógicas que permitam uma implementação efetiva da tecnologia no ambiente educativo.
O USO DO MATERIAL DIDÁTICO SOFTWARE RASMOL NO ENSINO DE QUÍMICA ATRAVÉS DO DESIGN INSTRUCIONAL
Authors: Gomes Lucas Ferreira , Loures Débora Alves Morra , Costa Denise Lopes , Moreira Maria da Fé Silva , Picanço Rosana de Jesus dos Santos
Published: July 2024

O presente trabalho aborda acerca do uso do material didático do software RasMol no ensino de química através do Design Instrucional. O uso do material didático software RasMol no ensino de química envolve a análise de necessidades, planejamento, desenvolvimento de conteúdo, implementação, avaliação e revisão contínua, visando promover uma aprendizagem efetiva e engajadora em química. Desse modo, por meio da estruturação de atividades e conteúdo, que aproveitam ao máximo as funcionalidades do software. Temos como objetivo principal compreender o uso do material didático software RasMol no ensino de química através do Design Instrucional. O estudo justifica-se em demonstrar o software RasMol no ensino de química. Ao aplicar o Design Instrucional ao uso do RasMol, é possível identificar objetivos de aprendizagem específicos, planejar atividades que integrem o software de forma significativa. A metodologia do presente estudo tratasse de uma pesquisa bibliográfica, os dados foram coletados através de pesquisa por meio da literatura para compreender o material didático software RasMol. O Design Instrucional na prática criar experiências, que sejam eficazes, eficientes e envolventes. Com isso, ele envolve a análise das necessidades dos alunos e a seleção de conteúdos e atividades, e a avaliação da eficácia da instrução. O Design instrucional e o material didático criam conteúdos focados para melhorar a compreensão da aprendizagem, esses recursos são cruciais nesse processo do ensino. O uso de software educativo no ensino de química potencializa a compreensão de conceitos complexos ao visualizar estruturas moleculares e simular experimentos.
Effect of Carbon Footprint on Agricultural Productivity in Nigeria: An Empirical Analysis
Authors: Oyeranti Olugboyega Alabi
Published: July 2024

This study examines the relationship between carbon footprint (CFP) components and agricultural productivity in Nigeria, a critical area of investigation given the country's reliance on agriculture for economic stability, food security, and employment. Using time series data from 1990 to 2020, sourced from the Central Bank of Nigeria (CBN) and the World Bank, this study analyzes the effect of carbon dioxide (CO2), methane (CH4), and nitrous oxide (N2O) emissions on agricultural output. Employing Robust Least Square (RLS) regression and the Error Correction Model (ECM), the study finds that CO2 and CH4 emissions negatively affect agricultural productivity, with 1% increases in CO2 and CH4 emissions leading to approximate decreases in agricultural output by 2% and 3%, respectively. Conversely, a 1% increase in N2O emissions correlates with an 8% increase in agricultural output, attributed to the use of nitrogenbased fertilizers. The results confirm the presence of long-run equilibrium relationships among the variables, with approximately 32% of the previous year's disequilibrium corrected annually. The study's findings align with the Environmental Kuznets Curve (EKC) hypothesis, suggesting that Nigeria is in the early stages of economic growth where environmental degradation is pronounced. These insights underscore the need for sustainable agricultural practices and effective carbon emission mitigation strategies to enhance food security and support economic growth in Nigeria.
Travails of The Cycle Industry in India in The Last 50 Years: A Case Study of “Hero Cycles”, “Sona Cycles” and “TI Cycles”
Authors: Gupta Vihaan
Published: July 2024

The cycle industry in India since independence has faced a number of issues, both good and bad. The recent adversities with respect to Chinese imports and decreasing demands have led most of the profitable companies to look for alternatives products under the same domain. This diversification will help in the firms’ in maintaining their profit margins.
Operational Stress and Psychological Well-Being Among Police Officers in Benue State Police Command: The Mediating Role of Coping Strategies
Authors: SUNDAY SHIDE
Published: July 2024

Psychological Well-being is an important concept used in behaviour sciences to evaluate the state of an individual in terms of perception, feelings, cognition and internal experience. This study investigated Operational Stress and Psychological Well-being among Police Officers in Benue State Police Command: The Mediating Role of Coping Strategies. The study employed a Cross-Sectional Survey Design, where three hundred and fifty seven (357) Police Officers consisting of 219 (61.3%) Males and 134 (37.5%) Females were used for the study. Their ages ranged from 19 to 59 years with the Mean of 38.13 (SD=9.54128). The Operational Police Stress Questionnaire (PSQ-Op), Brief-COPE Inventory and Psychological General Well-Being Index (PGWB) were used for data collection. Statistical analysis involved the use of Multiple Regression and PROCESS Mediation Analyses. Findings from the hypotheses indicated that, Operational Stress has made an independent significant contribution to Psychological Wellbeing of Police Officers in Benue State Police Command. Coping Strategies significantly influenced Psychological Well-being among Police Officers in Benue State Police Command. The result further showed that, Operational Stress and Coping Strategies jointly influenced Psychological Well-being of Police Officers in Benue State Police Command. Finally, Selfdistraction, Denial, Active Coping, Substance Use, Instrumental Support, Venting, Planning, Acceptance and Religion did not significantly mediate the relationship between Operational Stress and Psychological Well-being among Police Officers; while Emotional Support, Behavioral Disengagement, Positive Reframing, Humor, and Self-blame significantly mediated the relationship between Operational Stress and Psychological Well-being among Police Officers in Benue State Police Command. Based on the findings, it was recommended that, Police Officers should be enlightened on how to manage Operational Stress and develop good coping strategies. On policy basis, it was recommended that, Government should evolve policies that are aimed at training and retraining Police Officers on appropriate Coping Strategies; which will help in reducing Operational Stress and on the other hand increase high level of Psychological Well-being among Police Officers. Also, Non-governmental organizations with caring mind should support Police with logistics that will help reduce Operational Stress. This will help to achieve high state of Psychological Well-being and enhance better policing among Police Officers. Finally, more researches should be encouraged on the subject matter for further identification of long term solutions to problems affecting Psychological Well-being of Police Officers in Benue State Police Command in particular, and Nigeria at large.