bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Novel Polyomaviruses in Mammals from Multiple Orders and Reassessment of Polyomavirus Evolution and Taxonomy
Authors: Ehlers Bernhard , Anoh Augustin E. , Ben Salem Nicole , Broll Sebastian , Couacy-Hymann Emmanuel , Fischer Daniela , Gedvilaite Alma , Ingenhütt Nanina , Liebmann Sonja , Martin Maite , Mossoun Arsene , Mugisha Lawrence , Muyembe-Tamfum Jean-Jacques , Pauly Maude , Pérez de Val Bernat , Preugschas Hannah , Richter Dania , Schubert Grit , Szentiks Claudia A. , Teichmann Tamara , Walter Cornelia , Ulrich Rainer G. , Wiersma Lidewij , Leendertz Fabian H. , Calvignac-Spencer Sébastien
Published: October 2019

As the phylogenetic organization of mammalian polyomaviruses is complex and currently incompletely resolved, we aimed at a deeper insight into their evolution by identifying polyomaviruses in host orders and families that have either rarely or not been studied. Sixteen unknown and two known polyomaviruses were identified in animals that belong to 5 orders, 16 genera, and 16 species. From 11 novel polyomaviruses, full genomes could be determined. Splice sites were predicted for large and small T antigen (LTAg, STAg) coding sequences (CDS) and examined experimentally in transfected cell culture. In addition, splice sites of seven published polyomaviruses were analyzed. Based on these data, LTAg and STAg annotations were corrected for 10/86 and 74/86 published polyomaviruses, respectively. For 25 polyomaviruses, a spliced middle T CDS was observed or predicted. Splice sites that likely indicate expression of additional, alternative T antigens, were experimentally detected for six polyomaviruses. In contrast to all other mammalian polyomaviruses, three closely related cetartiodactyl polyomaviruses display two introns within their LTAg CDS. In addition, the VP2 of Glis glis (edible dormouse) polyomavirus 1 was observed to be encoded by a spliced transcript, a unique experimental finding within the Polyomaviridae family. Co-phylogenetic analyses based on LTAg CDS revealed a measurable signal of codivergence when considering all mammalian polyomaviruses, most likely driven by relatively recent codivergence events. Lineage duplication was the only other process whose influence on polyomavirus evolution was unambiguous. Finally, our analyses suggest that an update of the taxonomy of the family is required, including the creation of novel genera of mammalian and non-mammalian polyomaviruses.
Eco-Epidemiological Profile and Molecular Characterization of Simian Foamy Virus in a Recently-Captured Invasive Population of Leontopithecus chrysomelas (Golden-Headed Lion Tamarin) in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
Authors: S. Miranda Thamiris , Muniz Cláudia P. , B. Moreira Silvia , G. Bueno Marina , Kierulff Maria Cecília M. , V. Molina Camila , Catão-Dias José L. , Pissinatti Alcides , A. Soares Marcelo , Santos André F.
Published: October 2019

Simian foamy viruses (SFV) infect a wide range of Old World and Neotropical primates (NP). Unlike Old World primates, little is known about the diversity and prevalence of SFV in NP, mainly from a free-living population. Phylogenetic analyses have shown that SFV coevolved with their hosts. However, viral strains infecting Leontopithecus chrysomelas did not behave as expected for this hypothesis. The purpose of this study was to determine the eco-epidemiological profile and molecular characterization of SFV in a recently captured invasive population of L. chrysomelas located in Niteroi/RJ using buccal swab as an alternative collection method. A prevalence of 34.8% (32/92) and a mean viral load of 4.7 log copies of SFV/106 cells were observed. With respect to time since capture, SFV prevalence was significantly higher in the group of animals sampled over 6 months after capture (55.2%) than in those more recently captured (25.4%) (p = 0.005). Infected solitary animals can contribute to SFV transmission between different groups in the population. SFV strains formed two distinct clades within the SFV infecting the Cebidae family. This is the first study to use buccal swabs as a tool to study SFV diversity and prevalence in a recently free-living NP population upon recent capture.
Structural Pattern Differences in Unbranched Rod-Like RNA of Hepatitis Delta Virus Affect RNA Editing
Authors: Hsu Chao-Wei , Juang Horng-Heng , Kuo Chien-Yi , Li Hsin-Pai , Iang Shan-Bei , Lin Siao-Han , Yeh Chau-Ting , Chao Mei
Published: October 2019

Hepatitis delta virus (HDV) RNA forms an unbranched rod-like structure and complexes with the delta antigen (HDAg). Host ADAR1-catalyzed RNA editing at the amber/W site of the small HDAg leads to the production of the large HDAg, which inhibits replication and is required for virion assembly. For HDV genotype 1, amber/W editing is controlled by HDAg and the RNA structure immediate vicinity and downstream of the editing site. Here, the effects of 20 mutants carrying an increased length of consecutive base-pairing at various sites in HDV RNA on amber/W site editing were examined. All nine mutants carrying genomic regions that formed up to 15 consecutive base pairs, which is also the maximum length observed in 41 naturally occurring HDV genomes, showed normal editing rate. However, mutants carrying a 16 or 17 consecutive base-paired antigenomic segment located as far as 114 nt upstream could increase editing efficiency, possibly by interfering with HDAg binding. These data show for the first time that extended base-pairing upstream of the amber/W site could increase HDV RNA editing efficiency. Furthermore, it appears that the naturally occurring HDV RNA structures have been selected for suboptimal amber/W RNA editing, which favors the HDV replication cycle.
Methyl-Beta-Cyclodextrin-Induced Macropinocytosis Results in Increased Infection of Sf21 Cells by Bombyx Mori Nucleopolyhedrovirus
Authors: Huang Jinshan , Li Chenya , Fan Fengxiu , Liu Na , Boadi Frank , Shen Xingjia , Hao Bifang
Published: October 2019

Bombyx mori nucleopolyhedrovirus (BmNPV) is closely related to Autographa californica multiple nucleopolyhedrovirus (AcMNPV) with over ~93% amino acid sequence identity. However, their host ranges are essentially nonoverlapping. The mechanism of BmNPV entry into host cells is completely different from that of AcMNPV, and whether the entry mechanism difference relates to the host range remains unclear. BmNPV produces an abortive infection in nonhost cells due to virion nuclear transportation failure. Here, we performed a detailed study by increasing BmNPV infection in Sf21 cells with the aid of methyl-beta-cyclodextrin (MβCD). We found that low-concentration MβCD incubation efficiently activates membrane ruffling in Sf21 cells, which mediates the increase in BmNPV infection. Interestingly, MβCD incubation after virion internalization also increases the infection, which suggests that macropinocytosis is involved in BmNPV infection in Sf21 cells after virion internalization. Further study revealed that clathrin-mediated endocytosis (CME) is employed by BmNPV to facilitate entry into Sf21 cells, and chlorpromazine application abolishes BmNPV infection in cells incubated both with and without MβCD. Based on these studies, we show that BmNPV enters Sf21 cells via CME and that parallel induction of macropinocytosis facilitates BmNPV infection in Sf21 cells. This study reveals the mechanism of BmNPV entry into Sf21 cells and provides clues for improving BmNPV infections in nonpermissive cells.
Dose Effects of Recombinant Adenovirus Immunization in Rodents
Authors: Weaver Eric A.
Published: October 2019

Recombinant adenovirus type 5 (rAd) has been used as a vaccine platform against many infectious diseases and has been shown to be an effective vaccine vector. The dose of the vaccine varies significantly from study to study, making it very difficult to compare immune responses and vaccine efficacy. This study determined the immune correlates induced by serial dilutions of rAd vaccines delivered intramuscularly (IM) and intranasally (IN) to mice and rats. When immunized IM, mice had substantially higher antibody responses at the higher vaccine doses, whereas, the IN immunized mice showed a lower response to the higher rAd vaccine doses. Rats did not show dose-dependent antibody responses to increasing vaccine doses. The IM immunized mice and rats also showed significant dose-dependent T cell responses to the rAd vaccine. However, the T cell immunity plateaued in both mice and rats at 109 and 1010 vp/animal, respectively. Additionally, the highest dose of vaccine in mice and rats did not improve the T cell responses. A final vaccine analysis using a lethal influenza virus challenge showed that despite the differences in the immune responses observed in the mice, the mice had very similar patterns of protection. This indicates that rAd vaccines induced dose-dependent immune responses, especially in IM immunized animals, and that immune correlates are not as predictive of protection as initially thought.
Evaluation of Pneumococcal Surface Protein A as a Vaccine Antigen against Secondary Streptococcus pneumoniae Challenge during Influenza A Infection
Authors: Roberts Sean , Williams Clare M. , Salmon Sharon L. , Bonin Jesse L. , Metzger Dennis W. , Furuya Yoichi
Published: October 2019

Secondary bacterial pneumonia is responsible for significant morbidity and mortality during seasonal and pandemic influenza. Due to the unpredictability of influenza A virus evolution and the time-consuming process of manufacturing strain-specific influenza vaccines, recent efforts have been focused on developing anti-Streptococcus pneumoniae immunity to prevent influenza-related illness and death. Bacterial vaccination to prevent viral-bacterial synergistic interaction during co-infection is a promising concept that needs further investigation. Here, we show that immunization with pneumococcal surface protein A (PspA) fully protects mice against low-dose, but not high-dose, secondary bacterial challenge using a murine model of influenza A virus-S. pneumoniae co-infection. We further show that immunization with PspA is more broadly protective than the pneumococcal conjugate vaccine (Prevnar). These results demonstrate that PspA is a promising vaccine target that can provide protection against a physiologically relevant dose of S. pneumoniae following influenza infection.
A Retrospective Cohort Study of Safety Outcomes in New Zealand Infants Exposed to Tdap Vaccine in Utero
Authors: Petousis-Harris Helen , Jiang Yannan , Yu Lennex , Watson Donna , Walls Tony , Turner Nikki , Howe Anna S. , Griffin Jennifer B.
Published: October 2019

We aimed to evaluate the safety of maternal Tdap; thus, we assessed health events by examining the difference in birth and hospital-related outcomes of infants with and without fetal exposure to Tdap. This was a retrospective cohort study using linked administrative datasets. The study population were all live-born infants in New Zealand (NZ) weighing at least 400 g at delivery and born to women who were eligible for the government funded, national-level vaccination program in 2013. Infants were followed from birth up to one year of age. There were a total of 69,389 eligible infants in the cohort. Of these, 8299 infants were born to 8178 mothers exposed to Tdap (12%), primarily between 28 and 38 weeks gestation as per the national schedule. Among the outcomes, we found a reduced risk for moderate to late preterm birth, low birth weight, small for gestational age, large for gestational age, respiratory distress syndrome, transient tachypnea of newborn, tachycardia or bradycardia, haemolytic diseases, other neonatal jaundice, anaemia, syndrome of infant of mother with gestational diabetes, and hypoglycemia in infants born to vaccinated mothers. There was no association between maternal Tdap, infant Apgar score at 5 min after birth, asphyxia, sepsis or infection, or hypoxic ischemic encephalopathy. Infant exposure to Tdap during pregnancy was associated with a higher mean birthweight (not clinically significant) and higher odds for ankyloglossia and neonatal erythema toxicum diagnoses. There were insufficient observations to allow examination of the effect of Tdap on extreme preterm and very preterm birth, and stillbirth, infant death, or microcephaly. Overall, we found no outcomes of concern associated with the administration of Tdap during pregnancy. NZ Health and Disability Ethics Committee Approval #14/N.T.A/169/AM05.
Using RothC Model to Simulate Soil Organic Carbon Stocks under Different Climate Change Scenarios for the Rangelands of the Arid Regions of Southern Iran
Authors: Afzali Sayed Fakhreddin , Azad Bijan , Golabi Mohammad H. , Francaviglia Rosa
Published: October 2019

Soil organic carbon (SOC) is strongly influenced by climate change, and it is believed that increased temperatures might enhance the release of CO2 with higher emission into the atmosphere. Appropriate models may be used to predict the changes of SOC stock under projected future scenarios of climate change. In this investigation, the RothC model was run for a period of 36 years under climate scenarios namely: P (no climate change) as well as CCH1 and CCH2 (climate change scenarios) in the arid rangelands of Ghir–O-Karzin’s BandBast in southern Iran. Model results have shown that after 11 years (2014–25), SOC stock decreased by 3.05% under the CCH1 scenario (with a projected annual precipitation decrease by 6.69% and mean annual temperature increase by 9.96%) and by 0.23% under the P scenario. In CCH2, with further decreases in rainfall (10.93%) and increase in temperature (12.53%) compared to CCH1, the model predicted that the SOC stock during the 25 years (2025–50) was reduced by 2.36% and 3.53% under the CCH1 and CCH2 scenario respectively. According to model predictions, with future climatic conditions (higher temperatures and lower rainfall) the decomposition rate may increase resulting in higher losses of soil organic carbon from the soil matrix. The result from this investigation may also be used for developing management techniques to be practiced in the other arid rangelands of Iran with similar conditions.
Comparing Meteorological Data Sets in the Evaluation of Climate Change Impact on Hydrological Indicators: A Case Study on a Mexican Basin
Authors: Velázquez-Zapata Juan Alberto
Published: October 2019

This study evaluates the choice of the meteorological data set in the simulation of the streamflow of a Mexican basin, in the bias correction of climate simulations, and in the climate change impact on hydrological indicators. The selected meteorological data sets come from stations, two interpolated data sets and one reanalysis data set. The climate simulations were taken from the five-member ensemble from the second generation Canadian Earth System Model (CanESM2) under two representative concentration pathways (RCPs), for a reference period (1981–2000) and two future periods (2041–2060 and 2081–2100). The selected lumped hydrological model is GR4J, which is a daily lumped four-parameter rainfall-runoff model. Firstly, the results show that GR4J can be calibrated and validated with the meteorological data sets to simulate daily streamflow; however, the hydrological model leads to different hydrological responses for the basin. Secondly, the bias correction procedure obtains a similar relative climate change signal for the variables, but the magnitude of the signal strongly varies with the source of meteorological data. Finally, the climate change impact on hydrological indicators also varies depending on the meteorological data source, thus, for the overall mean flow, this uncertainty is greater than the uncertainty related to the natural variability. On the other hand, mixed results were found for high flows. All in all, the selection of meteorological data source should be taken into account in the evaluation of climate change impact on water resources.
Bridging Terrestrial and Marine Geoheritage: Assessing Geosites in Portofino Natural Park (Italy)
Authors: Coratza Paola , Vandelli Vittoria , Fiorentini Lara , Paliaga Guido , Faccini Francesco
Published: October 2019

Interest in geoheritage research has grown over the past 25 years and several countries have issued laws to encourage improvement and conservation. Investigations on geosites are prevalently carried out on land environments, although the study of underwater marine environments is also of paramount scientific importance. Nevertheless, due to the constraints of underwater environments, these sites have been little explored, also on account of the higher costs and difficulties of surveying. This research has identified and assessed the terrestrial and marine geosites of the Portofino Natural Park and Protected Marine Area, which are internationally famous owing to both the land scenic features and the quality of the marine ecosystem. The goal was to pinpoint the most suitable sites for tourist improvement and fruition and identify possible connections between the two environments. In all, 28 terrestrial sites and 27 marine sites have been identified and their scientific value as well as their ecological, cultural, and aesthetic importance has been assessed. In addition, accessibility, services, and economic potential of geosites has also been taken into account. Both the updated database of terrestrial and marine geosites in the Portofino protected areas and the assessment procedure adopted can become useful tools for the managers of these sites and provide decision-makers with possible strategies for tourist development.
Untersuchungen mit 15N-Tracern in agrikulturchemischen Systemen
Authors: Peschke Heinz
Published: October 2019

Agricultural chemical states and processes are arranged in open and closed systems. Investigations of state are static systems independent of time, testing of process is dynamic systems dependent on time.In order to follow up special facts and occurrences the stable isotope 15N is suited. It is demarcated of native nitrogen of existing systems.In the report as well as results of experiments with 15N tracers in systems soil, fertilizer, plant and animal and too the path as brigde between soil and fertilizer, fertilizer and plant and soil and plant are represented.
Possibilities of Growing Artichoke (Cynara scolymus L.) in Hungary
Authors: Pestiné Nagy Orsolya , Ombódi Attila , Kassai Tamás , Dimény Judit
Published: October 2019

The domestication of choice broadening, special vegetable species offers new market possibilities in Hungary. The production of artichokes has good perspectives due to its high protein, vitamin and mineral contents and its wide usability. According to the literature, in Hungary it is worth examining the annual production technology, which has yet to be researched in our country. The basic aim of our work was to establish the annual production of artichoke in Hungary with scientific research.In the experiment, 5 Italian sorts (Valetta di Roma, Gobbo di Nizza, Violetto di Romagna, Violetto S. Francesino and Precoce di Romagna), 1 American sort (Green Globe) and 1 Egyptian sort (Balady) were used. For one half of the plants, we tried to bring on bud-production appearing in the first year only with early planting, while we used also a gibberellic acid hormone treatment for the other half.Only the sort Green Globe had yields in appropriate quantity (21.4 t/ha) and quality. The low yield and inequable quality of buds of the Italian and Egyptian sorts refers to the fact that these sorts are not applicable for annual production in Hungary. Although the gibberellic acid treatment resulted an earlier harvest, increased the equality of buds and increased the proportion of stems producing buds except for the sort Green Globe, overall it did not have a positive effect. The hormone treatment fastened the physiological processes of the plants, thereby it induced early insenescence and lignifying of the buds. The high temperatures during the bud-formation period largely increased the ratio of flabby, over-blowing buds, so the planting must be timed in the future that the harvest period is in early automn or late spring, early summer months.According to our results, globe artichoke can become a perspective culture by applying cold-resistant sorts with short growing seasons, which can be produced as annual crops without hormone treatment by the appropriate timing of bud-formation.
Differentiation of Agricultural Economic Organizations
Authors: Sipos Aladár
Published: October 2019

A gazdasági szervezetek differenciálódásának vizsgálatát nyolc éve végezzük. A tanulmányban először adunk átfogó képet e kutatás eredményeiről. A gazdasági szervezetek differenciálódását külön végeztük el a mezőgazdasági szövetkezetekre, a mezőgazdasági társaságokra és az élelmiszer-ipari szervezetekre. Ezek mindegyikét négy ismérv alapján osztjuk el egy-egy színvonal-skálán. Ezek a következők:− a gazdaságok nagysága a bruttó termelési érték és a nettó árbevétel nagyságának megoszlása alapján;− a gazdaságok eladósodásának mértéke szerint, amit az összes kötelezettségének az összes eszközállományhoz viszonyított százalékos aránya fejez ki;− és végül a jövedelmezőség aránya alapján, amit az adózás előtti eredményeknek az árbevételhez viszonyított aránya mutat.Terjedelmi korlátok miatt ebben a tanulmányban csak a mezőgazdasági szervezetek differenciálódásának főbb adatait mutatjuk be, azt is rövidítve. A hasonló módszerrel gyűjtött és feldolgozott adatokra támaszkodva vált lehetővé, hogy a mezőgazdasági szervezeteknek nemcsak a jelenlegi helyzetét, hanem jövőjét is megalapozottan előre jelezzük. Ebből kiderül, hogy a magyar agrárszektor üzemeinek mely típusai képesek rövid időn belül felzárkózni az EU piacaiért folyó versenyben, melyeknek kell időt és hatékony segítséget adni, hogy behozzák lemaradásukat és mekkora lesz azoknak az üzemeknek a száma, amelyeknek aligha lesz esélyük a felzárkózásra.A gazdasági szervezetek a könyvvitelt illetően két csoportra oszlanak. Egyszeres és kettős könyvvitelt vezetőkre. Ez 2003-ig van érvényben. Attól kezdve minden szervezet kettős könyvelést fog vezetni. Addig az egyes könyvelést vezetőket el kell hagynunk, mert mérlegadataik nem azonosak a kettős könyvelést vezetőkével. Az APEH 2000-ben 9749 mezőgazdasági, erdő- és vadgazdálkodási gazdasági szervezet adóbevallását dolgozta fel. Ebből az egyszeres könyvelést vezető vállalkozások aránya 32,9%, mivel ezek általában kisméretű szervezetek, a termelési erőforrásokból és az eredményből való részesedésük számarányuknál jóval kisebb. Így a gazdálkodó szervezetek tevékenységét, annak feltételeit és eredményességét a kettős könyvelést vezetők határozzák meg. A tanulmányban ezek adatait elemezzük.
PROBLEMATIKA PENDIDIK DAN PESERTA DIDIK TERHADAP PELAJARAN MATEMATIKA
Authors: Sholihatunnisa Leili , Darmawansyah M Imam , Sa'adah Noviani , Susilawati Wati
Published: October 2019

Salah satu hakikat belajar adalah terjadinya sebuah perubahan. Proses pembelajaran terjadi dalam kehidupan sehari-hari. Pembelajaran matematika merupakan salah satu pusat perhatian di dunia pendidikan, yang menjadi fokus utama adalah prolematika yang muncul dilapangan, yakni problematika pada kompetensi pendidik dan menurunnya kualitas proses dan hasil belajar peserta didik pada pelajaran matematika. Sehingga tujuan penulisan ini untuk mengetahui solusi dari problematika pendidik dan peserta didik pada pelajaran matematika. Kata kunci:  matematika, problematika, solusi.
PENGARUH PEMBELAJARAN DENGAN METODE DEMONTRASI TERHADAP KEMAMPUAN BERPIKIR KREATIF DAN KONEKSI MATEMATIK SERTA MOTIVASI BELAJAR SISWA SMP
Authors: Turiman Turiman
Published: October 2019

Hasil belajar matematika sampai saat ini masih tergolong rendah, hal ini terjadi karena guru dalam menyampaikan materi pelajaran hanya mengejar untuk target bisa mengerjakan ujian dan juga guru dalam menyampaikan pembelajaran memilih metode yang monoton, solusi salah satu metode pembelajaran adalah metode demontrasi dengan metode tersebut siswa bisa langsung praktek menggunakan alat peraga untuk mempermudah cara belajar. Untuk mengembangkan kemampuan siswa dalam belajar matematika diantaranya adalah kemampuan berpikir kreatif dan koneksi matematik karena kedua kemampuan tersebut mampu mendorong siswa untuk aktif dalam proses pembelajaran, melalui pembelajaran dengan pendekatan Metode Demontrasi kemampuan berpikir kreatif dan koneksi siswa lebih baik dari pada siswa yang pembelajarannya dengan konvensional. Kesulitan yang dialami siswa adalah waktu yang tidak cukup, mengubah soal cerita kedalam model matematika. Kata Kunci: Berpikir Kreatif, Koneksi Matematik, Metode Demontrasi
UPAYA PENINGKATAN HASIL BELAJAR SISWA PADA MATA PELAJARAN MATEMATIKA MENGGUNAKAN ALAT PERAGA MANARA TUBOKAS
Authors: TINAH,S.Pd.SD
Published: October 2019

Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui tentang hasil belajar  siswa kelas V SD 10 Pangkalpinang  pada pelajaran matematika tentang Kelipatan Persekutuan Terkecil.Setelah dilaksanakan pembelajaran dengan menggunakan media Satutol pada materi Kelipatan Persekutuan Terkecil  diperoleh hasil sebagai berikut: (1) siswa terlibat aktif dalam pembelajaran  mulai dari siklus I sampai dengan siklus III; (2) meningkatnya hasil belajar siswa penguasaan konsep siswa terhadap materi pembelajaran yaitu mulai dari siklus I sampai dengan Siklus III nilai rata-rata siswa meningkat sehingga mencapai angka rata-rata 80,68 dan keaktifan siswa ,skor rata-rata yang diperoleh pada siklus adalah sebesar 85,92 dan dari segi kerjasama diperoleh pada Siklus III adalah sebesar 87,50. Dapat disimpulkan bahwa penggunaan Alat peraga menara tubokas dalam pembelajaran Matematika dapat meningkatkan hasil belajar siswa kelas V SD Negeri 10 Pangkalpinang.
BIMBINGAN DAN KONSELING ISLAM REALITY THERAPY UNTUK MENINGKATKAN MOTIVASI BELAJAR SISWA
Authors: Muhammad Sholeh Marsudi, Imas Kania Rahman
Published: October 2019

Artikel ini mendeskripsikan tentang konsep baru dalam bimbingan dan konseling Islam untuk meningkatkan motivasi belajar siswa dengan pendekatan reality therapy. Reality therapy berbasis Islam ini merupakan konsep baru dengan pendekatan Alquran dan hadits dari teori yang sudah ada yang dapat dilakukan oleh guru atau konselor di sekolah dalam rangka mengembangkan dan membina kepribadian/kesehatan mental konseling secara sukses, dengan cara memberi tanggung jawab kepada siswa untuk meningkatkan motivasi belajarnya. Motivasi belajar adalah suatu kebutuhan untuk mengembangkan kemampuan diri secara optimum, sehingga mampu berbuat yang lebih baik, berprestasi dan kreatif. Dan esensi dari therapy reality yang berbasis islami ini adalah adanya tahapan intervensi bagaimana siswa yang teridentifikasi memiliki motivasi belajar rendah dapat menemukan kembali rasa kepercayaan diri sehingga termotivasi dalam belajar, tentunya dengan pendekatan yang Islami. Dan tahapan intervensi therapy ini meliputi: ta’aruf, harapan, apa yang dilakukan, muhasabah, dan rencana tindak lanjut.
PENINGKATAN PEMAHAMAN KONSEP IPA MENGGUNAKAN MODEL PEMBELAJARAN INKUIRI TERBIMBING DI SD
Authors: Tut Wuri Handayani
Published: October 2019

Pemahaman konsep merupakan salah satu ruang lingkup mata pelajaran IPA. Buku sebagai sumber ilmu digunakan untuk memahami konsep pelajaran tersebut. Tetapi  teori dalam buku kurang mendukung tercapainya pemahaman konsep sesuai dengan indikator. Untuk mengatasi permasalan itu, perlu dilakukan perubahan model dan media pembelajaran dalam pencapaian pemahaman konsep. Penelitian dilakukan pada siswa kelas VIB SD Negeri 3 Pangkalpinang. Hasil penelitian menggunakan model pembelajaran inkuiri terbimbing berbasis laboratorium dapat meningkatkan pemahaman konsep IPA siswa kelas VIB SD Negeri 3 Pangkalpinang. Hal tersebut terbukti dari hasil belajar siswa. Pada siklus I kemampuan siswa di atas KKM sebesar 74% dan pada siklus dua meningkat menjadi 100%. Dapat disimpulkan bahwa penggunaan media laboratorium dapat meningkatkan pemahaman konsep IPA bagi siswa.
Contraintes et opportunités de l’intégration agriculture-élevage à Mushinga dans l’Est de la RD Congo
Authors: Zamukulu Patient , Ayagirwe Rodrigue , Ndeko Adrien , Bagula Espoir , Mondo Jean , Ganza Deckas , Katunga Musale Dieudonné , Nachigera Mushagalusa Gustave
Published: October 2019

1 RESUME
Objectif : La présente étude a été menée pour identifier les différentes contraintes et opportunités relatives à cette intégration, une étude a été faite à Mushinga et propose des orientations pour une efficacité et durabilité du système.
Méthodologie et résultats : Une enquête collectant des données sur les caractéristiques de l’exploitation, de la production végétale et animale ont été recueillies dans 100 exploitations choisies aléatoirement. Les principales contraintes identifiées pour l’intensification de l’agriculture-élevage dans les exploitations de Mushinga sont la faible fertilité des sols (45%), les maladies et ravageurs des cultures (17%), le prix élevé d’intrants (14%), la rareté des pâturages conduisant à la faible production animale (13%) et les pathologies animales (8%). Les exploitations qui couplent l’agriculture à l’élevage produisent du fumier pour la fertilisation organique des cultures et nourrissent leurs troupeaux des résidus des cultures. Le fumier génère des revenus et les résidus des cultures sont utilisés pour le paillage.
Conclusion et application des résultats : La prise en compte des contraintes identifiées serait l’une des voies majeures qui permettraient d’améliorer efficacement et durablement le système d’intégration agriculture-élevage au sein des exploitations rurales de Mushinga en particulier et du Sud-Kivu en général.

ABSTRACT
Constraints and opportunities of Crop – livestock integration system at Mushinga in the Eastern DR Congo
Objective: This study was carried out in Mushinga for assessing the various constraints and opportunities related to this integration and proposes guidelines for the system efficiency and sustainability. Farm, crop and animal production characteristics were collected in 100 farms randomly selected.
Methodology and results: A survey collecting data on farm characteristics, crop and animal production into 100 farms was done. The main constraints identified for intensification of crop-livestock in Mushinga farms were low soil fertility (45%), crop diseases and pests (17%), high input prices (14%), the scarcity of pastures leading to low livestock production (13%) and animal diseases (8%). Farmers applying crop-livestock integration, produce manure for organic fertilization of crops and feed their flocks with crop residues. Manure generates income and crop residues are used for mulching.
Conclusion and results application: Addressing the identified constraints would be one of the major ways of improving the efficiency and durability of the crop-livestock integration system in rural farms in Mushinga as well as in South –Kivu.
Effets d’engrais organique liquide (NPK 5-9-18) et minéral (NPK 12-11-18) sur la matière organique du sol et du rendement de la tomate au Sud et au Centre –Ouest de la Côte d’Ivoire
Authors: KOTAIX Acka Jacques Alain , ANGUI Téhua Kouassi Pascal , BAKAYOKO Sidiky , KASSIN Koffi Emmanuel , N’GORAN Kouadio Emmanuel , KOUAME N’Dri Norbert , KONE Boaké , Zilé Kouassi PIERRE Claver
Published: October 2019

1 RESUME
Une étude sur la fertilisation minérale et organique liquide a été conduite sur la tomate en petite saison de pluie au Sud et au Centre-Ouest de la Côte d’Ivoire sur deux années, afin d’améliorer la fertilité du sol et le rendement de la tomate. De manière spécifique, il s’agissait d’évaluer les effets des traitements de quatre doses d’engrais organique liquide associées ou non à l’engrais minéral sur la teneur du sol en matière organique, le rapport C/N et le rendement. Le dispositif expérimental était un split-plot avec quatre répétitions ayant pour facteur principal, l’engrais minéral et le facteur secondaire, l’engrais organique à quatre doses (Lha-1) : C0 = 0 (témoin), C1 = 2,5; C2 = 3,75 et C3 = 5. Les résultats ont montré que le traitement T10 (50 % engrais minéral + 3,75 Lha-1 engrais organique) a amélioré la teneur du sol en matière organique, et le rendement. Cependant, le traitement avec 3,75 Lha-1 d’engrais organique utilisée seule a amélioré le rapport C/N du sol.

Effects of liquid organic (NPK 5-9-18) and mineral (NPK 12-11-18) fertilizers on soil organic matter of and tomato yield in the South and the Mid-west of Ivory Coast

ABSTRACT
A study on the mineral and liquid organics fertilizations was conducted on tomato during short rainy season in South and Central West regions of Ivory Coast over two years to improve soil fertility and tomato yield. Specifically, the treatment effects of four doses of organic fertilizer, associated or not with the mineral fertilizer on the content of the soil organic matter, the C/N ratio and the yield. The experimental design was split-plot, with four repetitions having as principal factor, the mineral fertilizer and the secondary factor, the organic fertilizer in four doses (L ha-1): C0 = 0 (control); C1 = 2.5; C2 = 3.75 and C3 = 5. The results showed that the treatment T10 (50 % mineral fertilizer + 3.75 Lha-1 of the organic fertilizer), better improved the content of the soil organic matter and the yield. However, the treatment with 3.75 L ha-1 of organic fertilizer used alone has increased advantage the report C/N of the ground.
SOCIAL AND ECONOMIC PRECONDITIONS AND PERSPECTIVES OF THE SERVICES MARKET DEVELOPMENT OF TERNOPIL CITY PUBLIC TRANSPORT
Authors: Borysova Tetiana , Monastyrskyi Hryhorii
Published: October 2019

Introduction. The results of the research of the social and economic preconditions and perspectives for the services market development of Ternopil city public transport are presented in this article. The population dynamics, migration level, wage level, household composition, household expenditure structure etc. are investigated here. The perspective of transport services monetization in view of the amount spent on the provision of urban public transport in Ternopil is analysed.
Purpose. The article aims to identify social and economic preconditions and directions of development of the market of urban public transport services on the example of Ternopil region.
Method (methodology). The results of evaluation of quality of urban public transport services which are carried out on the basis of personal interview and statistical review are presented in the article.
Results. The survey has investigated the slow dynamics of social and economic indicators of development of Ternopil region through the prism of transport services consumption. The innovative state of urban transport in Ternopil city has been determined as satisfactory one. It has been proved that the monetization of transport services in Ternopil region does not have sufficient financial resources. It has been substantiated that strategic vectors of urban public transport should be based on the creative implementation of European experience and a harmonious combination of economic, environmental and social aspects. The results of the study can be used by scientists and graduate students in the field of public administration, marketing and management, managers of public transport enterprises.
INDUSTRIAL PARKS: WORLD EXPERIENCE AND PERSPECTIVES OF CREATION IN UKRAINE
Authors: Halasiuk Victor
Published: October 2019

Introduction. The deindustrialization processes in Ukraine can be defined as the result of national industrial potential degradation, that throws domestic economy back in the past in comparison with highly developed countries. At the same time, the restoration of the industry is constrained by sharp "investment hunger», which deepens the problems of unemployment and emigration of the population, preserves a low standard of living. Overcoming the systemic problems prevailing in the domestic industrial sector requires the decisive use of effective industrial development instruments, one of which is industrial parks.
Purpose. The article aims to argue the perspective directions of the Ukrainian industrial sector development using the mechanism of industrial parks on the basis of international experience analysis.
Method. Methodological base of the paper covers a complex of complementary methods of scientific research of economic processes and phenomena: historical and logical method, method of system analysis, methods of economic and mathematical modelling, comparative and statistical analysis, general scientific methods of analysis and synthesis, methods of induction and deduction. In order to carry out the complex analysis, methods of computer processing, analysis and display of information using the Microsoft Excel program also are used.
Results. The article has discussed essential and economic and legal aspects of industrial parks creation as a mechanism for the formation of a favourable investment climate in order to increase the international competitiveness and develop industrial sector of Ukraine. Advanced international experience of using industrial parks to provide accelerated economic growth on an innovative basis has been analysed. Existing preconditions and prospects for activating the policy of industrial parks creation in Ukraine have been investigated. Legislative initiatives to promote the opening and launching of new industrial parks in the domestic practice of industrial development have been argued. The measures of industrial policy, which should complement the existing legislative norms and initiatives concerning the development of a network of industrial parks in Ukraine, have been outlined. The results of the econometric analysis of industrial parks influence on the main macroeconomic indicators (gross domestic product, foreign trade, employment, volumes of industrial production) of Ukraine have been presented.
FACTORS OF UKRAINIANS’ CONFIDENCE IN THE NATIONAL AND FOREIGN CURRENCIES: ASPECT OF BEHAVIOUR
Authors: Dmytriyeva Viktoriya
Published: October 2019

Introduction. Customers of financial services react to economical conjuncture by behaviour, which can indicate the confidence both in own national currency and bank system in whole. The factor of hryvnia domination in national economy that is an official national currency remains relevant. On the one hand, when volume of the foreign currency rises sharply in the market or savings, then it means not only failure of trust to hryvnia but also the hidden economy dollarization. It causes the plunge of hryvnia value, inflation, and other crisis symptoms. On the other hand, behaviour of financial services customers can be not only the response but also the factor that effects the economic development.
Purpose. The article aims to analyse factors that form Ukrainian household preferences in choosing type of currency for saving money on the bank accounts; to investigate factors that affect general behaviour of depositors during the period from January 2006 to November 2017.
Method (methodology). Dynamic rows comparison in comparable currencies for the analysis of changes in gross domestic product per capita is used in the research. Such indicators as average salary per one full-time employee, foreign currency deposits, dollarization level, regression coefficients are analysed in compared rates of currencies to have relevant results about household behaviour. Graphical method is used to demonstrate the results of analysis.
Results. The trend of declining of household deposits in all types of currencies since 2014 has been analysed. Low cost of hryvnia has pushed households to put money on deposits in stable foreign currencies. However, the recession tendencies have been observed even in the volumes of deposits in stable currencies. Changes in income level of the population have become the main course of deposits fluctuations.
MODEL ANALYSIS OF INDICATORS OF SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT OF WORLD COUNTRIES
Authors: Kovalchuk Olha , Strelbitska Nataliia
Published: October 2019

The article discusses the possibilities of use of classical instruments of analytical methods and data mining methods for global sustainability modelling. To divide countries into groups according to the indicators that are traditionally allocated for sustainability studying, it is carried out the cluster analysis by k-medium method, which resulted in 2 clusters. The first cluster includes economically developed industrialized countries. A high level of social performance and a low level of inequality of outcomes characterize them. At the same time, these countries have high rank of corruption and low Gini Index. There are low social standards, but significantly lower rank of corruption and footprint than in developed countries in the countries of the second cluster. However, the index of inequality of outcomes is three times higher than in the countries included in the first cluster. The tree graph classification of the countries of the world has been constructed on the basis of indicators of sustainable development. The computer models, which are presented in this paper, aim to solve the main problems of sustainable development. They can also be applicable in many other fields, including international relations, economics, and management systems.
DIVERGENT CHARACTERISTICS OF DERIVATIVES OF STATE FISCAL SPACE: SEQUENCE OF TERMS
Authors: Vasylevska Halyna
Published: October 2019

Introduction. Inconsistency of certain terms and concepts often become the key questions in scientific theories research. Semantic explanation of some definition can become a subject of the controversial discussions. In this case, the problem can be transformed into the practical area especially if some miscomprehension must be agreed in the legal field.
Purpose. The article aims to define the key positions on the generalization of the essence of specific economic terms in the context of fiscal space exploration, to determine the corresponding conceptual apparatus in order to prevent the use of some definitions as synonymous ones, the concepts substitution, and the formation of inadequate reasoning, which can become the basis for false conclusions.
Method (methodology). In order to reach the goal of the research we have used the different methods. They are the axiomatic method (one of the ways of deductive formation of fiscal theory when the system of key terms is formulated); the empirical method (to realize the theoretical analyses of key definitions, to consider fiscal space derivatives, to form the vision of their nature and to present the author’s definition).
Results. Current trends of development of fiscal science have been analysed in the article. Problems of inconsistency of the conceptual apparatus have been considered. It has been proposed the definition of the basic terminology concepts. They are fiscal environment, sufficient fiscal space, optimal fiscal space, fiscal environment, etc. The necessity of rethinking the theoretical foundations of the formation of the modern theory and concepts of the fiscal space of the state in the context of the interconnection of its components has been emphasized. The main macroeconomic factors, which forbid formation of the positive fiscal environment in Ukraine have been outlined and analysed in the research. The factors, which influence its formation and functioning in the state, have been determined. The existence of an appropriate optimal space under conditions of fiscal expansion has been demonstrated and grounded. The phenomenon of "tax devastation", which arises because of an increase in the tax burden on the real sector of the economy, national production, and labour, has been investigated.
GDP AS A FACTOR OF INFLUENCE ON PENSIONS IN UKRAINE: MODELLING
Authors: Karmeliuk Hanna , Plaskon Svitlana , Seniv Halyna
Published: October 2019

The dynamics of the gross domestic product (GDP) and the minimum and middle pensions, the dollar exchange rate are analysed. A series of trends in the dynamics of GDP, minimum and average pensions in hryvnia and dollar equivalents are presented. The necessity of using mathematical modelling to study social and economic indicators of living standards of the population is emphasised. The main tendencies of the influence of the gross domestic product on the minimum and average pensions are generalised. Prognostic values of the minimum pension in hryvnia and dollar equivalents for the period of 2018-2022 are estimated. The econometric models of the dependence of the minimum and average pensions on GDP in hryvnia and dollar equivalents are presented. It is shown that GDP growth is accompanied by an increase in the minimum and average pensions in hryvnia and dollar equivalents.
METHODOLOGICAL ASPECTS OF EVALUATION OF RISK IN AUDIT
Authors: Kulyk Roman , Novak Yuliia
Published: October 2019

Audit is always accompanied by an appropriate audit risk. There is currently no practical way to reduce it to zero. Domestic and foreign experts point out that audit risk belongs to one of the fundamental and complex categories of audit, and its identification and evaluation are considered the key elements of the audit process. Audit risk by its nature implies uncertainty, so its assessment may not be ideal. Any method of risk assessment aims to maximize the approach to the real result, but does not allow avoiding errors.
ACTIVATION OF BANKING LENDING OF THE REAL SECTOR OF ECONOMY AS A PRECONDITION OF RESTORATION OF ECONOMIC GROWTH
Authors: Zabchuk Halyna
Published: October 2019

Introduction. The article deals with the main problems of bank lending. The proposals on the activation of bank lending in the real sector of the economy are substantiated.
Purpose. The article aims to study the factors that restrain bank lending to the real sector, and to determine the directions of lending activating of the real sector of the economy by domestic banks.
Method (methodology). The research has been conducted with the help of general scientific methods of analysis, namely, method of induction, method of deduction, method of systematization and generalization.
Results. Economic growth in modern conditions cannot be ensured without attracting bank capital into the real economy. The main factors hindering the development of investment banking lending have been analysed. The basic mechanisms of further reformation of the banking sector in order to increase lending activity have been substantiated.
A set of recommendations for improving the system of lending to the real sector of the economy by commercial banks at the present stage has been offered.
EVALUATION OF EFFICIENT USE OF THE FINANCIAL RESOURCES OF THE COMPANY
Authors: Hvozdiei Nataliia , Bondaruk Ihor , Vinnytska Oksana
Published: October 2019

Introduction. Financial resources can be defined as the material carrier of financial relations. The volume and efficiency of production determine by their size and structure. At the same time, the growth of production and social and economic development of the enterprise depend on the size of financial resources. Therefore, in the conditions of market economy, the search for financial sources of enterprise development, the provision of the most effective use of financial resources are important in the work of the enterprise.
Purpose. The article aims to determine the structure of models of the general indicators and criteria of the effectiveness of the financial resources and the efficiency of utilization of the mentioned indicators.
Results. It has been substantiated that the formation and use of financial resources are important for the functioning and development of the enterprise. It has been proved that in order to improve the efficiency of management of the financial subsidiaries of the enterprise, it is necessary to take into consideration all the most important factors of influence. The state, problems and advantages of effective use of financial resources of the enterprise have been analysed. All the factors that can have a positive influence on the management of the financial resources of the enterprise and its specialized sources have been characterised. Measures to improve the efficiency of training programs in the Ukrainian economy have been proposed. Enterprises are encouraged to expand and deepen their research in the area of theory and practice of effective and optimal use of their own financial resources. Such studies will make it possible to optimize the structure of available resources, reduce the cost of paying for borrowed funds, and improve the efficiency of the use of available financial resources.