bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Application of Flexible Composite Pipe as a Cost Effective Alternative to Carbon Steel - Design Experience
Authors: Adam Syafiah , Ghosh Sukanta
Published: March 2016

A recent project initiative in Brunei Shell Petroleum (BSP) landed a decision to change the initial basis for design of a fully Carbon Steel (CS) facility system, onto a combination of Corrosion Resistant Alloys (CRA) and Flexible Composite Pipe system (FCP, also commonly known as spoolable RTP: Reinforced Thermoplastic Pipe). This is due to high expected corrosion rates and the consequent challenges that follows in design and the imminent CS system operations.

Updated production parameters from the initial design basis called for materials selection and corrosion studies reassessment. Following the industry design engineering practices and philosophy, technical evaluation of materials including FCP and comparison among potential material concepts were exercised. This is mainly between corrosion resistant materials and various CS options. The former was evaluated to be feasible with added benefits in reducing corrosion maintenance and management needs. The concept consists of utilising FCP for the production flowlines and CRAs for the piping systems.

Hardwares and barriers normally required for CS system such as Corrosion Inhibition (CI) injection skids and requirements, pig traps for cleaning and intelligent pigging, are removed from the project scope. Furthermore, with high corrosion expected, non-standard piping class needs to be developed to give thicker Corrosion Allowances (CA). These in turn results in a competitive cost saving advantage as reflected in the cost studies.

Non-metallic material selection of FCP is demonstrated, manufacturers' specifications assessed and evaluated. This paper intends to provide sets of learning points gathered during the project phase which focuses on the use of FCP for production lines.
A Quantitative Approach to the Design and Evaluation of Shale Drilling Fluids Based on Multi-Field Coupling Theory
Authors: Chen Wenyi , Chen Mian , Jin Yan , Lu Yunhu , Zhu Jinzhi , Wang Xiaoliang , Liu Ming
Published: March 2016

As to the strong sensitivity of shale to drilling fluids, drilling in shale gas wells is still challenging today. People have long hoped to improve the anti-sloughing ability of drilling fluids mainly by designing the proper density, sealing ability and inhibition ability. However there has not been a quantitative criterion to evaluate these parameters or to define "proper". This could lead to high cost of excessive additives, or wellbore instability due to the scarcity of additives.

In this paper, some essential parameters of drilling fluids, which are mud density, sealing ability and inhibition ability, were quantitatively developed based on rock mechanics theories and laboratory survey. The time-dependent fluid-solid-chemistry coupling model for wellbore stability was established to analyze the near-wellbore stress distribution. A dynamic core flow apparatus was used to investigate the shale-fluid interaction and fluid pressure transmission under the simulated HTHP downhole conditions. Shale mechanical parameters were studied under HTHP conditions by applying a true triaxial compression cell.

In the paper, the influences of mud sealing and inhibition ability on wellbore stability were studied. The research results show that the sealing ability and inhibition ability of drilling fluids do play an important role in enhancing wellbore stability. The volume of drilling fluids invading into shale was defined as the "sealing coefficient" to quantify the sealing ability of drilling fluids. The mechanical strength of shale exposed to the drilling fluids for some time was defined as the "inhibition coefficient" to quantify the inhibition ability of drilling fluids. The quantitative cross plot among mud density, sealing coefficient and inhibition coefficient was obtained from fluid-solid-chemistry model according to the field required stability duration and the borehole enlargement ratio. Practically, the combinations of mud additives could be applied to fit the quantitative diagram regarding the cost and convenience.

The field application results indicated that it is reliable to quantitatively design drilling fluids based on the fluid-solid-chemistry coupling theory. A new idea and way of designing drilling fluids and maintaining shale wellbore stability was introduced.
Determining Scour Depth for Offshore Structures Based on a Hydrodynamics and Optimisation Approach
Authors: Pang A. L. J. , Gullman-Strand J. , Morgan N. , Skote M. , Lim S. Y.
Published: March 2016

Local scouring is a process whereby bed materials are removed around a marine structure due to the resultant disturbance of the uniform fluid flow. When not managed properly, scouring can result in a significant reduction in the stability of a foundation and a premature failure of an offshore structure. In this work, we proposed a hybrid numerical scour model which estimates the equilibrium scour depth around a structure by utilizing hydrodynamic turbulence models to obtain key flow parameters and an optimization function to predict the equilibrium scour depth. It was demonstrated that the evolution of the normalized Shields parameter could provide a pathway to obtain the equilibrium scour depth of a system within a limited number of iterations. Hence applying an optimisation function into the simulation model, it was shown that the estimated scour depth obtained from the simulation agreed reasonably well with experimental data. The simulation done in this work was performed in ANSYS-FLUENT. This paper provides a framework of utilizing hydrodynamic and an optimization algorithm to determine an equilibrium scour depth around an offshore structure. Moving forward, additional work is proposed in applying this model to different structural configurations to evaluate the robustness and reliability of such a model.
Collaborative Well Planning as a Key to Efficient And Successful Complex Geological Sidetracks Planning And Monitoring in Overpressured Deepwater Environment: A Case Study From Malaysia's Fast-Track Deepwater Well
Authors: Pathy Kuhanesapathy AL Thavaras , Kumar Premila AP Krishna , Kaeng Geovani C. , Mansor Aznizan Bin , Sausan Sarah
Published: March 2016

The past decade has given rise to deepwater wells in Malaysia as exploration began to outreach deepwater geological targets. Major discoveries with significant amounts of oil and gas reserves have been made. However, this environment is known for hazardous subsurface conditions that pose numerous challenges to drilling operations. Hence, accurate well planning is essential in this environment.

This paper describes the role of collaborative well planning (CWP) for the successful delivery of complex overpressured deepwater exploration side-tracks and discusses planning and well monitoring for B-3 ST1, an appraisal well offshore Sabah, Malaysia. The well was drilled to evaluate the presence of oil in a gas block discovered by the previous two (2) offset wells. These offset wells were drilled into overpressured zone with a myriad of wellbore issues, such as stuck pipes, losses, kicks, and running out of the drilling window, which finally led to early total depth (TD). Despite such issues, the well was intended to be a fast-track well, planned for less than two (2) months instead of the normal lead time of 12 to 18 months. The fast-track nature of the well requires meticulous designed well planning due to its hazardous nature and extremely condensed time frame.

The CWP model and technology employed from PETRONAS Real Time Visualization Center (PRTVC) were used for Well B-3 ST1 to meet the objectives. The model combines all stakeholders from various departments into the decision room, while the technology helps display and collaboratively analyses all available data. Geological, well design and surface and subsurface hazards were carefully considered. The result was the primary well location, and six (6) geological side-track scenarios were accomplished in just one day. It is also worth noting that this CWP concept is the first of its kind applied in Malaysia.

The CWP was used again during drilling wherein a multidisciplinary team was again gathered to monitor the well around the clock, which resulted in quick and well-informed decision making. Well B-3 was drilled with one successful cased hole sidetrack to geological target objectives without operation problems. The success has made B-3 ST1 a trendsetter in terms of efficient and safe deepwater drilling planning and operation.
Immunohistochemical expression of heparanase isoforms and syndecan-1 proteins in colorectal adenomas
Authors: Waisberg J. , Theodoro T.R. , Matos L.L. , Orlandi F.B. , Serrano R.L. , Saba G.T. , Pinhal M.A.S.
Published: March 2016

The proteoglycan syndecan-1 and the endoglucuronidases heparanase-1 and heparanase-2 are involved in molecular pathways that deregulate cell adhesion during carcinogenesis. Few studies have examined the expression of syndecan-1, heparanase-1 and mainly heparanase-2 proteins in non-neoplastic and neoplastic human colorectal adenoma tissues. The aim of this study was to analyze the correlation among the heparanase isoforms and the syndecan-1 proteins through immunohistochemical expression in the tissue of colorectal adenomas. Primary anti-human polyclonal anti-HPSE and anti-HPSE2 antibodies and primary anti-human monoclonal anti-SDC1 antibody were used in the immunohistochemical study. The expressions of heparanase-1 and heparanase-2 proteins were determined in tissue samples from 65 colorectal adenomas; the expression of syndecan-1 protein was obtained from 39 (60%) patients. The histological type of adenoma was tubular in 44 (67.7%) patients and tubular-villous in 21 (32.3%); there were no villous adenomas. The polyps were <1.0 cm in size in 54 (83.1%) patients and â‰¥1.0 cm in 11 (16.9%). The images were quantified by digital counter with a computer program for this purpose. The expression index represented the relationship between the intensity expression and the percentage of positively stained cells. The results showed that the average of heparanase-1, heparanase-2 and syndecan-1 expression index was 73.29 o.u./ÂµmÂ², 93.34 o.u./ÂµmÂ², and 55.29 o.u./ÂµmÂ², respectively. The correlation between the heparanase-1 and syndecan-1 expression index was positive (R=0.034) and significant (P=0.035). There was a negative (R= -0.384) and significant (P=0.016) correlation between the expression index of heparanase-1 and heparanase-2. A negative (R= -0.421) and significant (P=0.008) correlation between the expression index of heparanase-2 and syndecan-1 was found. We concluded that in colorectal adenomas, the heparanase-1 does not participate in syndecan-1 degradation; the heparanase-2 does not stimulate syndecan-1 degradation by the action of heparanase-1, and the heparanase-2 may be involved in the modulation of the heparanase-1 activity.
Rare Carcinoma Ex-pleomorphic Adenoma of Buccal Mucosa: Case Report and Review of Literature
Authors: Goyal Prashant , Sehgal Shelly , Ghosh Soumyesh , Agrawal Dipti , Singh Sompal
Published: March 2016

Carcinoma ex pleomorphic adenoma (CXPA) is exceedingly rare in minor salivary glands of oral cavity. We present a case of CXPA arising from buccal mucosa in a 44-year-old male patient. The man presented to surgery outpatient department with right buccal mucosa swelling. Clinical impression suggests a neoplasm of buccal mucosa and the patient was sent for fine needle aspiration cytology. By examining the cytological smears, possibility of carcinoma was revealed. The mass was dissected and excised with safety margins. Examining Hematoxylin and Eosin slides, final diagnosis of CXPA was given. Patient did not turn for regular follow-ups and presented 1 year after surgery with recurrence at the same site. CXPA is an uncommon malignant tumor with highly aggressive biological behavior. Its occurrence in sites like buccal mucosa is rare. Hence, quite a diagnostic challenge at such sites cause diagnostic difficulties.
Highly time-resolved urban aerosol characteristics during springtime in Yangtze River Delta, China: Insights from soot particle aerosol mass spectrometry
Authors: Wang Junfeng , Ge Xinlei , Chen Yanfang , Shen Yafei , Zhang Qi , Sun Yele , Xu Jianzhong , Yu Huan , Chen Mindong
Published: March 2016

Abstract. In this work, the Aerodyne soot particle – aerosol mass spectrometer (SP-AMS) was deployed for the first time during the spring of 2015 in urban Nanjing, a megacity in the Yangtze River Delta (YRD) of China, for online characterization of the submicron aerosols (PM1). The SP-AMS enables real-time and fast quantification of refractory black carbon (rBC) simultaneously with other non-refractory species (ammonium, sulfate, nitrate, chloride and organics). The average PM1 concentration was found to be 28.2 μg m-3 (~54 % of the PM2.5 mass), with organics (45 %) as the most abundant component, following by sulfate (19.3 %), nitrate (13.6 %), ammonium (11.1 %), rBC (9.7 %) and chloride (1.3 %). These PM1 species together can reconstruct ~44 % of the light extinction during this campaign based on the IMPROVE method. Chemically-resolved mass-based size distributions revealed that small particles especially ultrafine ones (<100 nm vacuum aerodynamic diameter) were dominated by organics and rBC, while large particles had significant contributions from secondary inorganic species. Source apportionment of organic aerosols (OA) yielded four OA subcomponents, including hydrocarbon-like OA (HOA), cooking-related OA (COA), semi-volatile oxygenated OA (SV-OOA), and low-volatility oxygenated OA (LV-OOA). Overall, secondary organic aerosol (SOA, equal to the sum of SV-OOA and LV-OOA) dominated the total OA mass (55.5 %), but primary organic aerosol (POA, equal to the sum of HOA and COA) can outweigh SOA in early morning and evening due to enhanced human activities. High OA concentrations were often associated with high mass fractions of POA and rBC, indicating the important role of anthropogenic emissions during heavy pollution events. The diurnal cycles of nitrate, chloride and SV-OOA both showed good anti-correlations with air temperatures, suggesting their variations were likely driven by thermodynamic equilibria and gas-to-particle partitioning. On the other hand, in contrast to other species, sulfate and LV-OOA concentrations increased during afternoon, and showed no positive correlations with relative humidity (RH), indicating the significant role of photochemical processing rather than aqueous-phase processing for their formations. The bivariate polar plots show that the SV-OOA was formed locally, and the variations of hydrogen-to-carbon (H/C) and oxygen-to-carbon (O/C) ratios in the Van Krevelen space further suggests an evolution pathway of SV-OOA to LV-OOA. Our findings regarding springtime aerosol chemistry in Nanjing may have important implications for the air quality remediation in the densely populated regions.
Mechanisms of methane transport through Populus trichocarpa
Authors: Kutschera Ellynne , Khalil Aslam , Rice Andrew , Rosenstiel Todd
Published: March 2016

Abstract. Although the dynamics of methane (CH4) emission from croplands and wetlands have been fairly well investigated, the contribution of trees to global CH4 emission and the mechanisms of tree transport are relatively unknown. CH4 emissions from the common wetland tree species Populus trichocarpa (black cottonwood) native to the Pacific Northwest were measured under hydroponic conditions in order to separate plant transport mechanisms from the influence of soil processes. Roots were exposed to CH4 enriched water and canopy emissions of CH4 were measured. The average flux for 34 trials (at temperatures ranging from 17 to 25 °C) was 2.8 ± 2.2 μg CH4 min−1 (whole canopy). Flux increased with temperature. Compared to the isotopic composition of root water CH4, δ13C values were depleted for canopy CH4 where the warmest temperatures (24.4–28.7 °C) resulted in an epsilon of 2.8 ± 4.7 ‰; midrange temperatures (20.4–22.1 °C) produced an epsilon of 7.5 ± 3.1 ‰; and the coolest temperatures (16.0–19.1 °C) produced an epsilon of 10.2 ± 3.2 ‰. From these results it is concluded that there are likely multiple transport processes at work in CH4 transport through trees and the dominance of these processes changes with temperature. The transport mechanisms that dominate at low temperature and low flux result in a larger fractionation, while the transport mechanisms that prevail at high temperature and high flux produce a small fractionation. Further work would investigate what combination of mechanisms are specifically engaged in transport for a given fractionation of emitted CH4.
Simulating the effects of temperature and precipitation change on vegetation composition in Arctic tundra ecosystems
Authors: van der Kolk H. , Heijmans M. M. P. D. , van Huissteden J. , Pullens J. W. M. , Berendse F.
Published: March 2016

Abstract. Over the past decades, vegetation has changed significantly along with climatic changes in the Arctic. Deciduous shrub cover is often assumed to expand in tundra landscapes, but more frequent abrupt permafrost thaw resulting in formation of thaw ponds could lead to vegetation shifts towards graminoid dominated wetland. Which mechanisms drive vegetation changes in the tundra ecosystem is still not sufficiently clear. In this study, the dynamic tundra vegetation model NUCOM-tundra was used to evaluate the consequences of climate change scenarios of warming and increasing precipitation for future tundra vegetation change, and to identify the mechanisms that drive these changes. The model includes three plant functional types (moss, graminoids and shrubs), carbon and nitrogen cycling, water and permafrost dynamics and a simple thaw pond module. Climate scenario simulations were performed for sixteen combinations of temperature and precipitation increases in five vegetation types representing a gradient from dry shrub dominated, to moist mixed and wet graminoid dominated sites. Vegetation composition dynamics in currently mixed vegetation sites was dependent on both temperature and precipitation changes, with warming favouring shrub dominance and increased precipitation favouring graminoid abundance. Climate change simulations based on greenhouse gas emission scenarios in which temperature and precipitation increases were combined showed initial increases in graminoid abundance followed by shrub expansion with further climate change. The simulations suggest that the shrubs are better light competitors, but their growth can be limited by very wet soil conditions and low nutrient supply. Graminoids have the advantage of being able to grow in a wide range of soil moisture conditions and having access to nutrients in deeper soil layers. Abrupt permafrost thaw initiating thaw pond formation led to complete domination of graminoids. However, due to increased drainage, shrubs could profit from such changes in adjacent areas. Both climate and thaw pond formation simulations suggest that a wetter tundra can be responsible for local shrub decline instead of shrub expansion.
A distal 140 kyr sediment record of Nile discharge and East African monsoon variability
Authors: Ehrmann Werner , Schmiedl Gerhard , Seidel Martin , Krüger Stefan , Schulz Hartmut
Published: March 2016

Abstract. Clay mineral assemblages in a sediment core from the distal Nile discharge plume off Israel have been used to reconstruct the late Quaternary Nile sediment discharge into the eastern Mediterranean Sea (EMS). The record spans the last ca. 140 kyr. Smectite abundances indicate the influence of the Blue Nile and the Atbara River that have their headwaters in the volcanic rocks of the Ethiopian Highlands. Kaolinite abundances indicate the influence of wadis, which contribute periodically to the suspension load of the Nile. Due to the geographical position, the climate and the sedimentary framework of the EMS is controlled by two climate systems. The long-term climate regime was governed by the African monsoon that caused major African humid periods (AHPs) with enhanced sediment discharge at 132 to < 126 (AHP 5), 116 to 99 (AHP4), and 89 to 77 ka (AHP3). They lasted much longer than the formation of the related sapropel layers S5 (> 2 kyr), S4 (3.5 kyr), and S3 (5 kyr). During the last glacial period (Marine Isotope Stages (MISs) 4–2), the long-term changes in the monsoonal system were superimposed by millennial-scale changes in an intensified midlatitude glacial system. This climate regime caused short but pronounced drought periods in the Nile catchment, which are linked to Heinrich events and alternate with more humid interstadials. The clay mineral record further implies that feedback mechanisms between vegetation cover and sediment discharge of the Nile are detectable but of minor importance for the sedimentary record in the southeastern Mediterranean Sea during the investigated African humid periods.
NEED FOR RELIABLE SENSOR CALIBRATION FROM THE PERSPECTIVE OF A NATIONAL MAPPING AGENCY
Authors: Baltrusch S.
Published: March 2016

Abstract. The sensor calibration is one of the basic elements for getting effective and efficient production workflows out of airborne photogrammetry. Digital images and their orientations (interior and exterior) are the key to get the resulting products into the workflow of a national mapping agency (NMCA). Not only the geometric calibration is required meanwhile the radiometric calibration as well is used, for example in raster-based classification processes. In the paper the requirements are shown and examples are presented. At least open aspects and the outstanding debts are given.
ORIENTATION AND CALIBRATION REQUIREMENTS FOR HYPERPECTRAL IMAGING USING UAVs: A CASE STUDY
Authors: Tommaselli A. M. G. , Berveglieri A. , Oliveira R. A. , Nagai L. Y. , Honkavaara E.
Published: March 2016

Abstract. Flexible tools for photogrammetry and remote sensing using unmanned airborne vehicles (UAVs) have been attractive topics of research and development. The lightweight hyperspectral camera based on a Fabry-Pérot interferometer (FPI) is one of the highly interesting tools for UAV based remote sensing for environmental and agricultural applications. The camera used in this study acquires images from different wavelengths by changing the FPI gap and using two CMOS sensors. Due to the acquisition principle of this camera, the interior orientation parameters (IOP) of the spectral bands can vary for each band and sensor and changing the configuration also would change these sets of parameters posing an operational problem when several bands configurations are being used. The objective of this study is to assess the impact of use IOPs estimated for some bands in one configuration for other bands of different configuration the FPI camera, considering different IOP and EOP constraints. The experiments were performed with two FPI-hyperspectral camera data sets: the first were collected 3D terrestrial close-range calibration field and the second onboard of an UAV in a parking area in the interior of São Paulo State.
LOW-LEVEL TIE FEATURE EXTRACTION OF MOBILE MAPPING DATA (MLS/IMAGES) AND AERIAL IMAGERY
Authors: Jende P. , Hussnain Z. , Peter M. , Oude Elberink S. , Gerke M. , Vosselman G.
Published: March 2016

Abstract. Mobile Mapping (MM) is a technique to obtain geo-information using sensors mounted on a mobile platform or vehicle. The mobile platform’s position is provided by the integration of Global Navigation Satellite Systems (GNSS) and Inertial Navigation Systems (INS). However, especially in urban areas, building structures can obstruct a direct line-of-sight between the GNSS receiver and navigation satellites resulting in an erroneous position estimation. Therefore, derived MM data products, such as laser point clouds or images, lack the expected positioning reliability and accuracy. This issue has been addressed by many researchers, whose aim to mitigate these effects mainly concentrates on utilising tertiary reference data. However, current approaches do not consider errors in height, cannot achieve sub-decimetre accuracy and are often not designed to work in a fully automatic fashion. We propose an automatic pipeline to rectify MM data products by employing high resolution aerial nadir and oblique imagery as horizontal and vertical reference, respectively. By exploiting the MM platform’s defective, and therefore imprecise but approximate orientation parameters, accurate feature matching techniques can be realised as a pre-processing step to minimise the MM platform’s three-dimensional positioning error. Subsequently, identified correspondences serve as constraints for an orientation update, which is conducted by an estimation or adjustment technique. Since not all MM systems employ laser scanners and imaging sensors simultaneously, and each system and data demands different approaches, two independent workflows are developed in parallel. Still under development, both workflows will be presented and preliminary results will be shown. The workflows comprise of three steps; feature extraction, feature matching and the orientation update. In this paper, initial results of low-level image and point cloud feature extraction methods will be discussed as well as an outline of the project and its framework will be given.
Magnitude and frequency of heat and cold waves in recent decades: the case of South America
Authors: Ceccherini Guido , Russo Simone , Ameztoy Iban , Romero Claudia Patricia , Carmona-Moreno Cesar
Published: March 2016

Abstract. In recent decades there has been an increase in magnitude and occurrence of heat waves and a decrease of cold waves, both of which may be related to the anthropogenic influence. This study describes the extreme temperature regime of heat waves and cold waves across South America over recent years (1980–2014). Temperature records come from the Global Surface Summary of the Day (GSOD), a climatological data set produced by the National Climatic Data Center that provides records of daily maximum and minimum temperatures acquired worldwide. The magnitude of heat waves and cold waves for each GSOD station are quantified on an annual basis by means of the Heat Wave Magnitude Index and the Cold Wave Magnitude Index. Results indicate an increase in intensity and in frequency of heat waves, especially in the last 10 years. Conversely, no significant changes are detected for cold waves. In addition, the trend of the annual temperature range (i.e. yearly mean of Tmax – yearly mean of Tmin) is positive – up to 1 °C per decade – over the extratropics and negative – up to 0.5 °C per decade – over the tropics.
Glacier change over the last century, Caucasus Mountains, Georgia, observed from old topographical maps, Landsat and ASTER satellite imagery
Authors: Tielidze Levan G.
Published: March 2016

Abstract. Changes in the area and number of glaciers in the Georgian Caucasus Mountains were examined over the last century, by comparing recent Landsat and ASTER images (2014) with older topographical maps (1911, 1960) along with middle and high mountain meteorological stations data. Total glacier area decreased by 8.1 ± 1.8 % (0.2 ± 0.04 % yr−1) or by 49.9 ± 10.6 km2 from 613.6 ± 9.8 km2 to 563.7 ± 11.3 km2 during 1911–1960, while the number of glaciers increased from 515 to 786. During 1960–2014, the total ice area decreased by 36.9 ± 2.2 % (0.7 ± 0.04 % yr−1) or by 207.9 ± 9.8 km2 from 563.7 ± 11.3 km2 to 355.8 ± 8.3 km2, while glacier numbers decreased from 786 to 637. In total, the area of Georgia glaciers reduced by 42.0 ± 2.0 % (0.4 ± 0.02 % yr−1) between 1911 and 2014. The eastern Caucasus section had the highest retreat rate of 67.3 ± 2.0 % (0.7 ± 0.02 % yr−1) over this period, while the central part of Georgian Caucasus had the lowest, 34.6 ± 1.8 % (0.3 ± 0.01 % yr−1), with the western Caucasus intermediate at 42.8 ± 2.7 % (0.4 ± 0.03 % yr−1).
Future Snow? A Spatial-Probabilistic Assessment of the Extraordinarily Low Snowpacks of 2014 and 2015 in the Oregon Cascades
Authors: Sproles Eric A. , Roth Travis R. , Nolin Anne W.
Published: March 2016

Abstract. In the Pacific Northwest, USA, the extraordinarily low snowpacks of winters 2013–2014 and 2014–2015 stressed regional water resources and the social-environmental system. We introduce two new approaches to better understand how seasonal snowpack during these two winters would compare to snowpacks under warmer climate conditions. The first approach calculates a spatial-probabilistic metric representing the likelihood that the snowpacks of 2013–2014 and 2014–2015 would occur under +2 °C perturbed climate conditions. We computed snow water storage (basin-wide and across elevations), and the ratio of snow water equivalent to cumulative precipitation (across elevations). We applied these computations to calculate the occurrence probability for similarly low snowpacks under climate warming. Results suggest that, relative to +2 °C conditions, basin-wide snow water storage during winter 2013–2014 would be above average while that of winter 2014–2015 would be far below average. April 1 snow water storage corresponds to a 40 % (2013–2014) and 90 % (2014–2015) probability of being met or exceeded in any given year. The second approach introduces the concept of snow analogs to improve the anticipatory capacity of climate change impacts on snow derived water resources. The use of a spatial-probabilistic approach and snow analogs provide new methods of assessing basin-wide snowpack in a non-stationary climate, and are readily applicable in other snow dominated watersheds.
Between Wrath and Harmony: A Biolyrical Journey Through L'Humanisphère, Joseph Déjacque's “Anarchic Utopia” (1857)
Authors: Samzun Patrick
Published: March 2016

Joseph Déjacque (1821–1865) wrote L'Humanisphère, the first ever anarchist utopia in French, while he was exiled to New Orleans in 1857. One can read his utopia as a transatlantic log, recording in an oblique and literary fashion the main ports of call of his journey as a political exile from 1848 revolutionary France. His stays in London, Jersey, New York, and New Orleans, between 1852 and 1861, as both a revolutionary socialist and a destitute paperhanger, shaped his “anarchic utopia.” It is suffused with avenging wrath and built on the violence of insurrection; but it is set among luxurious furnishings, which adorn its gentle-mannered parlors. I will show how Fourier's harmonious world of passional attraction was reshaped across the Atlantic by a revolutionary proletarian.
Weight Management to Reduce Prostate Cancer Risk: A Survey of Men’s Needs and Interests
Authors: Schleper Amy , Sullivan Debra K. , Thrasher J. Brantley , Holzbeierlein Jeffrey M. , Klemp Jennifer , Befort Christie , Hamilton-Reeves Jill M.
Published: March 2016

Obese men have a higher rate of prostate cancer-related death than non-obese men, and obesity increases the risk of prostate cancer progression and biochemical recurrence. The purpose of this study was to assess needs and interests of men for a technology-driven weight loss intervention to reduce prostate cancer risk. We distributed a survey collecting demographic characteristics, health history, exercise and eating habits (and perception of those habits), current and prior attempts of health behavior change, and technology use. Survey answers were summarized by count and percent of total respondents. Completed surveys (N = 109) described men with a family history of prostate cancer (25%), a history of elevated prostate specific antigen (26%), and prostate cancer survivors (22%). We compared body mass index (BMI) to perception of weight; overweight and obese men perceived their weight as more normal than their BMI category suggests. Most men reported their diet needed minor improvement (74%), and 65% of men reported they are either currently trying to lose weight or interested in weight loss. Most respondents access the internet (92%), while text messaging (60%) and smartphone application use (40%) are less frequent, especially in men over 60. Our results revealed a need and willingness for lifestyle modification and suggest a need for evidence-based weight loss strategies and for addressing the misperception of weight status. A male-tailored intervention that implements technology could improve energy balance, hold men accountable to healthy behavior change, and promote dietary patterns in order to reduce prostate cancer risk.
Immunotherapeutic Modalities in the Treatment of Head & Neck Squamous Cell Carcinoma
Authors: Kashyap Bina , Kasabah Samer , Reddy P Sridhar
Published: March 2016

Attempts of establishing vaccines against cancers are in process of becoming authentic in future due to its successful clinical trials. But, there are problems in assessing the prognosis of the diseases due to the weakness and specificity of tumor associated antigens in stimulating an effective immune response. A surplus combination of immunotherapeutic cancer strategies and appropriate checkpoint inhibitors, becomes a promising area for successful cancer disease control. This article summarizes the understanding of tumor antigens (specific or associated) in head and neck squamous cell carcinoma, which allow some space with a positive and hopeful view of the future.
Non-native English Varieties: Thainess in English Narratives
Authors: Singhasak Piyahathai , Methitham Phongsakorn
Published: March 2016

This study aims at examining Thainess as a writing strategy used in non-literary texts written by non-professional bilingual writers. These writers are advanced language learners who are pursuing their Master’s degree in English. Seven English narratives of their language learning experiences were analyzed based on Kachruvian’s framework of bilingual’s creativity and contact literatures. The findings showed that four out of six contextualization processes - transfer, translation, code-mixing, and reduplication - were utilized when conveying the writers’ experiences in acquiring their first and second languages. Unlike the findings in previous studies of Thainess in literary genre, lexical borrowing and shift process were not found in narratives. Although Thai English as a new variety in World Englishes has been debated for years and remains in an obscure status, it cannot be denied that the research findings in this study show the uniqueness of Thai English writing strategies.
Forest Watershed and Riparian Disturbance Project (FORWARD)
Authors: McEachern Preston
Published: March 2016

The Forest Watershed & Riparian Disturbance Project (FORWARD) was initiated in 2001 to study hydrologic and water quality impacts and recovery following watershed disturbance in the Boreal Forest. Now in its third phase, FORWARD continues to assess long-term recovery following forest harvest and fire and has extended research to recovery of reclaimed oil sands mine sites. Numerical models developed in the first phases are now being applied to the determination of watershed load and contaminant fate from the mine sites. The development of reclaimed and engineered soils, the success of various vegetation complexes, and the risk of toxicity and impacts to bio-indicators are being compared to the findings from the decade of continuous data collected during FORWARD 1 & 2 that sets our expectations for watershed recovery. The previous results indicate that runoff coefficients were strongly correlated with disturbance intensity with recovery for many key indicators (e.g. nutrient loading) occurring over three to six years. In the case of harvesting, no detectable changes were observed below 50% harvest intensity, and wetlands played a crucial role in mitigating hydrologic and water quality impacts obscuring the role of riparian buffers in this same function. The data collected by the FORWARD Project has been used to improve forest management practices and improve SWAT runoff modeling in the boreal forest, which can be used in forest management planning. Specific results from the first phase of FORWARD are outlined in this summary.
Southern Rockies Watershed Project
Authors: Silins Uldis , Anderson Axel , Bladon Kevin D. , Emelko Monica B. , Stone Micheal , Spencer Sheena A. , Williams Chris H.S. , Wagner Michael J. , Martens Amanda M. , Hawthorn Kirk
Published: March 2016

The Southern Rockies Watershed Project was initiated in 2003 to describe the impacts of severe natural disturbance by wildfire on a broad range of headwaters, larger river basin scale, and downstream water resources (Phase I). This watershed research is unique in that trans-disciplinary linkages between hydrology, biogeochemistry, aquatic ecology, downstream river basin processes, implications for human water use, and economic implications are providing broad insights into wildfire effects on water. A second phase of the research (Phase II) focuses on evaluating the effects of several alternative forest harvesting practices on these same water resource “values”. Collectively, this research is providing comprehensive information on watershed function after forest disturbance in Rocky Mountain watersheds.
Wildfire risk mitigation and recreational property owners in Cypress Hills Interprovincial Park-Alberta
Authors: Price Louis J. , McFarlane Bonita , Lantz Van
Published: March 2016

Recreational property (cottage) owners represent a growing segment of population living at the wildland–urban interface. Land managers may find it particularly difficult to engage these landowners in wildfire management initiatives. This paper examines support for wildfire management, perceived wildfire risk and wildfire mitigation actions among cottage owners in Cypress Hills Interprovincial Park-Alberta. Data were collected from 165 cottage owners using a mail survey. Results showed that these owners had a high level of support for fuel reductions on the landscape and a high level of interest in participating in a cooperative wildfire mitigation program; they had taken action to reduce their risk. However, they seemed reluctant to do substantial tree pruning, or to install fire-resistant siding or screen eaves, decks and vents. Results found that perceived risk was not correlated with mitigation action. Awareness, perceived effectiveness of firefighters, days spent at the cottage and value of the cottage were correlated positively with mitigation action, whereas perceived efficacy, aesthetic effects and cost of mitigation were correlated negatively. These findings suggest that mitigation programs for cottage owners may be effective by providing public education on the efficacy of mitigation, lessening the effects of impediments such as cost, and alleviating concerns about aesthetics.
Comparison of Assurance GDS® MPX ID for Top STEC with Reference Culture Methods for the Detection of E. coli Top 6 STEC; Direct Confirmation of Top 6 STEC from Isolation Plates and Determination of Equivalence of PickPen® and FSIS OctoMACS™ Concentration Protocols
Authors: Feldsine Philip , Lienau Andrew H , Shah Khyati , Immermann Amy , Soliven Khanh , Kaur Mandeep , Kerr David E , Jucker Markus , Hammack Tom , Brodsky Michael , Agin James
Published: March 2016

Assurance GDS® MPX ID for Top Shiga toxin-producing Escherichia coli (STEC; MPX ID) was validated according to the AOAC INTERNATIONAL Methods Committee Guidelines for Validation of Microbiological Methods for Foods and Environmental Surfaces as (1) a secondary screening method for specific detection of the Top 6 STEC serogroups (O26, O45, O103, O111, O121, and O145) in raw beef trim, raw ground beef, raw spinach, and on stainless steel; and (2) as a confirmatory method for the identification of pure culture isolates as Top 6 STEC. MPX ID is used in conjunction with the upfront BCS Assurance GDS MPX Top 7 STEC assay. This Performance Tested MethodSM validation has two main parts: Method Developer studies and the Independent Laboratory study. A total of 180 samples and controls were analyzed. Results showed that MPX ID had no statistically significant differences with the reference culture methods for the detection of Top 6 STEC in the food matrixes (raw beef trim, raw ground beef, and raw spinach) and environmental sponges (stainless steel) studied. Inclusivity/exclusivity studies were also conducted. One hundred percent inclusivity among the 50 Top 6 STEC serovars tested and 100% exclusivity for the 30 non-Top 6 STEC organisms tested were demonstrated. For validation of MPX ID as a confirmatory method for isolated colonies, all inclusivity and exclusivity organisms were streaked for isolation onto five STEC plating media: modified rainbow agar, Levine's eosin-methylene blue (L-EMB) agar, rainbow agar with novobiocin and cefixime, and enterohemolysin agar with selective agents as well as trypticase soy agar with yeast extract. These isolated colonies were suspended and analyzed by Assurance GDS MPX Top 7 STEC and MPX ID. MPX ID was able to correctly confirm all inclusivity organisms from all plate types, except two STEC isolates from L-EMB agar plates only in the Independent Laboratory study. All exclusivity organisms were correctly determined by MPX ID as non-Top 6 STEC from the STEC plating media. An additional but separate part of these studies was a comparison of immunomagnetic separation (IMS) efficiency using the Assurance GDS procedure with a PickPen® device and the U.S. Department of Agriculture procedure using the OctoMACS™ Separator device for plating onto chromogenic agar. Results demonstrated the equivalence of the two IMS procedures for plate confirmation of Top 7 STEC.
From Primate Communication to Human Language: Anthropological & Philosophical Speculations
Authors: Trubits Ryan J.
Published: March 2016

Mluvená řeč nezanechává v lidské evoluci žádné přímé empiricky vysledovatelné stopy. Původ a raná historie lidské komunikace stále čekají na vědecký výklad. Řeč slouží jako nástroj myšlení, který není omezen časem a prostorem. Je to unikátní systém podporující nekonečnou lidskou kreativitu. Pro správnou analýzu jazyka musí vědci nalézt vztahy společné všem formám komunikace. Při přípravě tohoto příspěvku byly proto využity poznatky získané ze studia komunikačních systémů primátů, zejména lidoopů. Posun od systémů zvířecí komunikace k lidským symbolickým jazykům byl zapříčiněn celou řadou faktorů. Raní hominidé užívali a rozvíjeli stále komplexnější jazyk jako nástroj v rámci své adaptační a reprodukční strategie.
Pierre Teilhard de Chardin: Critical Reflections
Authors: Birx H. James
Published: March 2016

Geopaleontolog a jezuitský kněz Pierre Teilhard de Chardin se směle pokusil sloučit osobního Boha a kosmickou evoluci do unikátního filozofického světonázoru, jenž uznává hodnotu vědy i teologie. Vycházeje ze svých vlastních zamyšlení a zkušeností, nabídl obsáhlou a sjednocenou interpretaci skutečnosti založenou na čtyřech základních myšlenkách: pronikající duch, zákon komplexity-vědomí, kritické hranice, a budoucí Bod Omega. Výsledkem je dynamický panenteismus, který v rámci planetární historie přikládá lidské existenci zvláštní význam a zároveň obhajuje mystickou jednotu našeho druhu s Bohem-Omega na konci lidské evoluce na Zemi.
Margaret Mead, Derek Freeman a Samoa
Authors: Soukup Martin
Published: March 2016

Předmětem studie je analýza a interpretace kontroverze Freeman versus Mead. V českém prostředí je uvedený spor prezentován výjimečně a vždy v obecné poloze. Do sporu o výzkum Margaret Mead se dosud zapojily desítky akademiků, což svědčí o významu sporu pro antropologii. Cílem studie je přetlumočit podstatu sporu, shrnout a prezentovat hlavní argumenty a uvést spor do kontextu vývoje americkéhoantropologického myšlení.
Semiotik og retorik
Authors: Kjørup Søren
Published: March 2016

Retorikken har i de senere år været genstand for en fornyet interesse,

ikke mindst som sprogligt redskabsfag til forbedring og effektivisering af

f.eks. politisk og kommerciel kommunikation. I denne artikel argumenterer

Søren Kjørup for, at retorikken også har en mere grundlæggende analytisk

og videnskabsteoretisk relevans. Roland Barthes forsøgte i 1960´erne at

introducere retoriske aspekter i semiotikken, men da semiotikkens erken-

delsesinteresse og epistemologi er en grundlæggende anden end retorik-

kens, lykkedes denne integration ikke. I artiklen introduceres retorikkens

samlede lærebygning, og der argumenteres for, at retorikkens videnska-

belige grundsyn er en parallel til den amerikanske pragmatiske filosofi.

Set i dette lys kan retorikken birage til udvikling af en mere konstruktiv

videnskabsfilosofi, der gør sig fri af tidligere dikotomier mellem objektivitet

og subjektivitet, absolut sandhed og den rene relativisme.
Om filmteori og filmhistorie: Stumfilmen som eksempel
Authors: Tybjerg Casper
Published: March 2016

Tilbage til filmene og filmmagerne siger Casper Tybjerg i denne artikel.

Han plæderer dog ikke nødvendigvis for en tilbagevending til "gammel-

dags filmhistorieskrivning" og til en fokusering kun på film som æstetik

og kunst. Med udgangspunkt i konkrete overvejelser over den danske

stumfilm og gennemgang af væsentlige nyere filmhistoriske værker og

teorier polemiserer han mod det han opfatter som upræcise og meget

abstrakte kulturalistiske positioner, som enten glemmer de konkrete film

eller overbetoner det blot formelle i filmhistorien. Samtidig tegner han også

et levende billede af den kultur og de betingelser den tidlige film blev til i.
Kieslowskis Trikoloretrilogi
Authors: Svendsen Erik
Published: March 2016

Krzysztof Kieslowskis er i Vesteuropa blevet rosende modtaget af

såvel kritikerstanden som af et bredt feinschmeckerpublikum. I den-

ne artikel foretager Erik Svendsen en grundig analyse af den polske

instruktørs seneste - og måske sidste? - film, trilogien "Blå", "Hvid"

og "Rød". "Trikoloretrilogien" giver et signalement af den vestlige

modernitet, hvis grundværdier er formuleret i den franske revolutions

slogan om frihed, lighed og broderskab, men artiklen påviser, at det i

lige så høj grad er de bibelske ønsker om tro, håb og kærlighed, der

undersøges i filmene.
I folkets tjeneste - Om prætest og TV-seere som målgruppe
Authors: Davidsen-Nielsen Mette
Published: March 2016

Målgruppetænkning er i disse år ved at finde vej til Europas public ser-

vice institutioner, der hermed begiver sig ind på et gebet, som de mere

kampagneorienterede dele af kommunikationskampagnen længe har

betrådt. Med det naturvidenskabelige faktaprogram JANUS som case

beskriver Mette Davidsen-Nielsen de muligheder og problemer, som

kvalitative prætest giver de programproducerende dele af en public ser-

vice institution i multikanalsamfundet, som supplement til de informationer,

man løbende får gennem seertalsmålinger. Ved rekruttering af respon-

denter til fokusgruppeinterviews om dette program har DR´s Medieforsk-

ning i stedet for demografiske kriterier benyttet livsværdisegmenterings-

metoden RISC, som præsenteres og diskuteres i Henrik Dahls artikel i

dette nummer. Mette Davidsen-Nielsens artikel kan derfor ses som et

bud på, hvordan denne metode kan bruges ikke blot inden for markeds-

føring, men også inden for anvendelsesorienteret medieforskning.