bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
THE DIFFERENCE OF RISK FACTORS OF ACUTE UPPER RESPIRATORY TRACT INFECTION IN THE URBAN AND RURAL PUBLIC HEALTH CENTER SEMARANG
Authors: Mugopal Regina Islamia , Dewi Anna Mailasari Kusuma , Hardaningsih Galuh , Nugroho Teddy Wahyu
Published: June 2022

Abstract Background: The acute upper respiratory tract infection was an infection on respiratory tract organ from the nose until pharynx. The geographical condition of a region could affect the case of acute upper respiratory tract infection. The factors related to both urban and rural life could affect in the difference of respiratory condition. The biological change of age, nutritional status, and allergy status were highly related to the increase of respiratory condition.Aim: To identify the risk factors of acute upper respiratory tract infection in the urban and rural public health center of Semarang.Methods: This research exerted observational research design and cross-sectional method. The total of research subjects were 200 patients with the diagnosis of acute upper respiratory tract infection in both the urban and rural public health center of Semarang. The risk factors were comprised of age, gender, body height, body weight, and history of drug allergy. The data sampling was taken through consecutive sampling technique. Moreover, the statistic test used Chi-square test.Results: This research finding referred that the largest number of sample on the age category in both urban and rural public health center were in the adult age (20-60 years old) with percentage of urban public health center (66,5%) and rural public health center (46%). The risk factor of age indicated a significant result in the urban public health center (p = 0,000) and rural public health center (p = 0,010). Next, the risk factor of gender indicated an insignificant result in the urban public health center (p = 0,391) and rural public health center (p = 0,885). Last, the risk factor of nutritional status in the urban public health center indicated an insignificant result (p = 0,094), while in the rural public health center indicated a significant result (p = 0,006).Conclusion: The risk factors of acute upper respiratory tract infection in rural public health center was different from the risk factors in urban public health center. The risk factors of acute upper respiratory tarct infection in the rural public health center were age and nutritional status, while the risk factor of acute upper respiratory  tract infection in the urban public health center was age.
Vitamin D Deficiency Linked To Depression (Systematic Review: Meta Synthesis)
Authors: Salsabila Talitha , Samsuria Indranila Kustarini , Retnoningrum Dwi , Saraswati Indah
Published: June 2022

Background: Depression is a mood disorder that is marked by a persistent feeling of sadness, loss of interest; reduced energy and vitality; feelings of low self-worth or guilt; loss of appetite; disturbed sleep or insomnia; and slowness of thought or action. Vitamin D deficiency has been associated with depression. When the level of Vitamin D and serotonin is low, that leads to depression.Objective: To analyze whether vitamin D deficiency or insufficiency is associated with depression.Method: This is a Systematic Review Report. Samples were gathered from two journals – PubMed and Science Direct with specific search terms used were 'vitamin D' and 'depression', then were adjusted based on the inclusion criteria and research question. After that, the findings are combined in order to reach a conclusion so that the research question is well answered.Results: There are eleven journals that describe a link between low level of Vitamin D and symptoms of depression. The connection between the two is formed due to the neuroprotector and immunomodulatory effects of Vitamin D.Conclusion: Previous studies have shown that Vitamin D deficiency linked to depression. Keywords : Depression, level of vitamin D, vitamin D serum.
Body Mass Index and Waist Circumference are Associated with Visceral Fats Measured by Bioelectrical Impedance Analysis in Adolescents
Authors: Indraswari Darmawati Ayu , Al Ahmadi Hafizhil Uzhma , Arum Sari Devi Wahyu , Jordan Timothy , Puruhito Buwono , Basyar Edwin , Bakri Saekhol , Muniroh Muflihatul
Published: June 2022

Background: Overweight and obesity are two health conditions that contribute to the impaired quality of life. Two parameters of obesity also indicating body composition, body mass index (BMI) and waist circumference (WC), have been used as simple tools to assess abdominal visceral fats. The correlation between both measurements and visceral fats remains unclear.Objective: The study aims at demonstrating that body mass index and waist circumference may reflect visceral fats using bioelectrical impedance analysis in adolescents.Methods: First-year students of the Faculty of Medicine Diponegoro University participated in the study. This cross-sectional study measured BMI, WC, mid-arm circumference (MAC), and visceral fat (VF) of 130 participants. BMI, WC, MAC, and VF were assessed using Omron digital scale, measuring tape, and body impedance analysis, respectively. Spearman test was used for the bivariate analysis while multiple regression was employed to perform multivariate analysis. Significant results were determined if p value <0.05 for the bivariates.Results: The correlation between body mass index and visceral fats showed a strong value with r: 0.794 and p-value=<0.001. The correlation between mid-arm circumference and visceral fats showed r= 0.713 and p value=<0.001. Meanwhile the correlation between waist circumference and visceral fats showed r= 0.655 and p value=<0.001. BMI and WC showed the greatest correlation to VF. The comparison between genders resulted in men having stronger relationships between BMI and VF, and WC and VF.Conclusion: BMI and waist circumference are strongly related to visceral fats based on BIA in medical students.
The Association Between Sleep Quality and Working Memory of Medical Faculty Malikussaleh University Students
Authors: Adilla Amri Afra , Khairunnisa Cut , Nadira Cut Sidrah , Sofia Rizka
Published: June 2022

Background: Working memory is a form of storage of information that is relevant to the activity being worked out in a short time and a limited amount of information. The working memory capacity is influenced by sleep quality. Increased human activity in the modern era, causing less attention to the quality and quantity of sleep. Recent study showed that the prevalence of medical student who have poor sleep quality is quite high, reaching 76%. Poor quality of sleep will cause a person to think and work more slowly, make mistakes, and have a hard time remembering things. Objective: This research aims to know the relationship of sleep quality with working memory capacity in medical students of Malikussaleh University. Methods: This research was an analytical study with cross- sectional approach, and the Fisher test was used as the statistical test. Proportional stratified random sampling was used to  obtained  71 samples of students who had qualified inclusion and exclusion criterias. Results: The results showed that 84,5% of students had poor quality of sleep and 56,3% of students had low working memory capacity. Statistical analysis by Fisher test showed the value of p < 0,05. Conclusion:  there is an association between sleep quality and the capacity of working memory in the Faculty of Medicine students of Malikussaleh University.
EFFECT OF DIFFERENT CONCENTRATION CINNAMON EXTRACTS (CINNAMOMUM BURMANNII) IN GROWTH LACTOBACILLUS ACIDOPHILUS (IN VITRO)
Authors: Farizha Sherlin Mentary , Armalina Desy , Purbaningrum Diah Ajeng
Published: June 2022

Background: One of the dental and oral health problem that really need attention is caries. Lactobacillus acidophilus is one of the bacteria that play a role in the process of further caries in dentin. We can control it by using materials like antibacterial. Cinnamon barks (Cinnamomum burmannii) is a plant from Indonesia that contains antibacterial compounds such as sinamaldehid, flavonoid, tannins, alkaloids, and saponinsPurpose: To know the effect of various concentrations of cinnamon barks extracts (Cinamomum burmannii) on the growth of Lactobacillus acidophilus in vitroMethod: True experimental study with the post test control group design has 25 samples. Cinnamon barks was extracted by the soxhletation method then phytochemical tests were performed to determine the antibacterial compounds. Antibacterial tested using the diffusion method to determine the diameter of the inhibitory zone. Statistical tests using Kruskal-Wallis and Man-WhitneyResult: The mean inhibition zone diameters at concentrations of 6.25%, 12.5%, 25%, 50%, and positive controls were 4.80 mm, 10.99 mm, 16.83 mm, 19.14 mm, 29, 80 mm. Kruskal Wallis test showed significant differences in inhibition zone diameter in inhibiting the growth of Lactobacillus acidophilus p = 0,000321 (p <0.05). The Man Whitnney test showed a significant difference between the concentration of 6.25% with concentrations of 25% and 50% and concentrations of 12.5% with concentrations of 25% and 50%. There were no significant differences between the concentrations of 6.25% with 12.5% and 25 % with 50%Conclusion: There is an effect of cinnamon bark extracts from various concentrations on the growth of Lactobacillus acidophillus as assessed by the formation of inhibition zone diameters. The 25% concentration is the minimum concentration that can significantly inhibit bacteria
RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN FASTING BLOOD GLUCOSE LEVELS AND LDL CHOLESTEROL LEVELS IN PATIENTS WITH TYPE-2 DIABETES MELLITUS IN DIPONEGORO NATIONAL HOSPITAL
Authors: Pradana Muhammad Fakhrul Aditya Duta , Limijadi Edward Kurnia Setiawan , Tjahjono Kusmiyati , Rachmawati Banundari
Published: June 2022

Background: Diabetes Mellitus is a chronic metabolic disorder characterized by elevated blood glucose levels above the normal range. Type-2 diabetes mellitus can cause lipid metabolism disorder. This study analyzed the relationship between fasting blood glucose and LDL cholesterol levels in type-2 diabetes mellitus patients.Aim: To prove the correlation between fasting blood glucose levels with LDL cholesterol levels in patients with type-2 diabetes mellitus.Methods: This research is an observational analytical study with cross-sectional design on 40 subjects. The secondary data for this research was obtained from diabetic patients at Diponegoro National Hospital. The correlation analysis was done using Spearman Rank test.Results: Spearman Rank analysis showed no significant association between fasting blood glucose levels with LDL cholesterol levels in patients with type-2 diabetes mellitus (p = 0,119 and r = 0,250).Conclusion: There was no significant correlation between fasting blood glucose levels with LDL cholesterol levels in patients with Type-2 Diabetes Mellitus.
Relationship of Myopia Degree with Retinal Detachment Incidence at Diponegoro National Hospital
Authors: Subagyo Pradya Rahmawati , Nugroho Trilaksana , Saubig Arnila Novitasari
Published: June 2022

Background: Myopia is one of the visual disorders that has a high prevalence in the world. Based on the severity degree, myopia is divided into three criteria, namely mild, moderate and severe. Severe-degree myopia patients are more likely to suffer from certain eye diseases, especially those associated with the retina, such as retinal detachment.Objective: To analyze the relationship between the degree of myopia and the incidence of retinal detachment.Methods: This research is an observational analytical with cross-sectional approach. The research data was obtained using consecutive sampling from the medical records of myopia patients in Diponegoro National Hospital during 2015-2020. Research subjects used in this research were 70 patients who fulfill the inclusion and not the exclusion criteria. The data were analyzed using Chi Square test.  Results: The prevalence of retinal detachment is dominated by the age group of 51-60 years old (18.6%), male (35.7%) and a severe degree of myopia (34.3%). The results of the Chi Square test show that there is a significant relationship between the severity degree of myopia and the incidence of retinal detachment.Conclusion: There is a significant relationship between the degree of myopia and the incidence of retinal detachment.
Relationship of Hand Sanitizer Usage Frequency with the Incidence of Irritant Contact Dermatitis during COVID-19 Pandemic
Authors: Desira Almira Dwixie Dhara , Riyanto Puguh , Afriliana Liza , Adespin Dea Amarilisa
Published: June 2022

Background: Irritant Contact Dermatitis (ICD) is an eruption of the skin caused by the non-immunologic inflammatory response of the skin to the irritant agents. The government urged to implement health protocols 3M, one of them is hand hygiene by used hand sanitizer to prevent the spread of COVID-19 infection. Repeated use of hand sanitizer can cause skin irritation and inflammatory response such as dryness, cracks, and other symptoms of ICD.Objective: To analyze the relationship between the frequency of use of hand sanitizer and the incidence of ICD.Methods: Observational analytics study cross-sectional design. The research subject were 260 medical faculty students of Diponegoro University who had to agree with informed consent, filled questionnaires and qualified by research criteria. Diagnostic of ICD based on questionnaires and physical examination of ICD. The statistical analysis data was used Chi-square test.Results: The results showed after analyze data use Chi-square test that there was not significantly related frequency use the hand sanitizer to the incidence irritant contact dermatitis during the COVID-19 pandemic with a p-value is 0,078 (p>0,05). The most frequent use of hand sanitizers is 5-10 times a day (56,5%), the most symptoms in ICD are dry, scaly, and peeling skin (30%), and the incidence of ICD due to the use of hand sanitizers are 33,5%.Conclusion: There was no significant relationship between frequency of use of hand sanitizer and irritant contact dermatitis during pandemic the COVID-19.
COMPARISON BETWEEN LAPARATOMY AND LAPARASCOPY COLORECTAL CANCER FOR LENGTH OF HOSPITAL, SURGICAL SITE INFECTION AND INTRAPERITONEUM ADHESION
Authors: Wasil Ahmad , Bakri Saekhol , Wisnu Yan , Mughni Abdul
Published: June 2022

Colorectal cancer (CRC) is the development of cancer from the colon or rectum. There are two kinds of surgery which are laparotomy and laparoscopy. This course of action had a significant effect on the length of stay, surgical site infection, and intraperitoneal adhesion. The purpose of this study is to find out the comparison between laparotomy and colorectal cancer laparoscopy with the length of stay, surgical site infection and intraperitoneal adhesion. The researcher used a cross sectional design. The sample for this study was taken from the medical record data of colorectal cancer patients in Dr. Kariadi Semarang from 2013 to 2018. The data were collected using purposive sampling technique. There were 57 samples that included inclusion and exclusion criteria with 28 details of laparoscopy and 29 samples of laparotomy. Numeric-scale data were tested for normality of data by Kolmogorov-Smirnov and found abnormal data using the Mann Whitney test. Nominal scale data were processed using the non-parametric Chi-Square test and it significant if p<0.05. There is a difference in length of stay and frequency of occurrence of surgical site infections and intraperitoneal adhesion between laparotomy and laparoscopy.
THE COMPARISON OF PLASMA MALONDIALDEHYDE LEVELS AMONG OSTEOPOROTIC AND NON-OSTEOPOROTIC POSTMENOPAUSAL WOMEN
Authors: Jusup Innawati , Bancin Putri Theresia LA , Jaeri Santoso , Rachmawati Banundari
Published: June 2022

Introduction: Osteoporosis is a bone metabolic disorder due to decreased of bone matrix and minerals. Oxidative stress refered as an elevation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) in the cells causing structural damages and functional loss, is contributed in the process of osteoporosis, but its association still in controversy. Herewith we report the comparison of the plasma malondialdehyde (MDA) levels, one of oxidative stress markers among osteoporotic postmenopausal women and without osteoporosis. Methods: An observational analytic study with cross-sectional approach among 40 postmenopausal women, grouped into two groups, osteoporosis (n=20) and non-osteoporosis (n=20) based on bone mineral density (BMD) score. The plasma MDA levels were measured from venous blood using ELISA. The difference between plasma MDA levels among both groups was analyzed using an independent T-test. Results: The characteristics of demography and clinic among both groups are relatively similar. However, there is a difference in the body weight and BMI. Furthermore, there is no significant differences of MDA levels between the two groups (292,03±61,02ng/ml for group with osteoporosis, and 315,25±73,86ng/ml for non-osteoporosis, p=0,286). Conclusions: There is no significant difference in plasma MDA levels among osteoporosis and non-osteoporosis postmenopausal women.
Powinności kształcenia językowego w L1 a niektóre aspekty lingwistyki poststrukturalistycznej
Authors: Nocoń Jolanta
Published: June 2022

Artykuł wpisuje się w dyskusję nad kształceniem językowym w L1 we współczesnej szkole. Przedstawiona w nim wizja oparta została na poststrukturalistycznych koncepcjach lingwistycznych, w których język postrzegany jest niesystemowo, nadaje mu się wymiar humanistyczny, antropologiczno-podmiotowy, kognitywny. Autorka omawia trzy propozycje dobrych praktyk jako przykłady wpisujące się w prezentowaną koncepcję dydaktyczną – w pierwszej umiejętność charakteryzowania uznana została za opowieść interpretującą siebie i świat, w drugiej ćwiczeniom słownikowo-frazeologicznym przypisana została funkcja zmiany postrzegania rzeczywistości, trzecia to próba stworzenia opartej na dorobku glottodydaktyki metodyki sprawności słuchania w L1. Wyróżniają je otwarcie na zmieniającą się pozaszkolną rzeczywistość, na nurtujące współczesność problemy, na wyzwania edukacyjne z nimi związane i na podmiot edukacji.
Fair Value and Corporate Taxation: Out through the Door, Back through the Window?
Authors: Martins António , Sá Cristina , Taborda Daniel
Published: June 2022

The progressive harmonization of corporate financial information, based on the International Financial Reporting Standards, has moved fair value accounting (FVA) to the forefront of a debate that straddles accounting and corporate tax. Given the subjectivism that FVA may exhibit, especially when mark to market is not available and mark to model is used as in level 3 FVA, tax legislators have strongly restricted its impact on the corporate tax base. This paper argues that while the Portuguese corporate tax legislators explicitly followed this worldwide trend of restricting the tax impact of fair value to certain circumstances when market prices are observable (level 1 FVA), the corporate tax code has, nonetheless, several important avenues through which FVA influences taxable income determination. The main purpose of this paper is to present and discuss some important ways through which FVA may influence taxable income determination in Portugal, such as goodwill, impairment charges, transfer pricing, capital gains and exit taxation. Thus, the question emerges: is FVA returning through the window to impact the corporate tax base? Considering the global trends in public finance, and the need for present and future tax revenues, we believe this is an important topic to be addressed.
Improvement of orbit prediction accuracy using extreme gradient boosting and principal component analysis
Authors: Zhai Min , Huyan Zongbo , Hu Yuanyuan , Jiang Yu , Li Hengnian
Published: June 2022

High-accuracy orbit prediction plays a crucial role in several aerospace applications, such as satellite navigation, orbital maneuver, space situational awareness, etc. The conventional methods of orbit prediction are usually based on dynamic models with clear mathematical expressions. However, coefficients of perturbation forces and relevant features of satellites are approximate values, which induces errors during the process of orbit prediction. In this study, a new orbit prediction model based on principal component analysis (PCA) and extreme gradient boosting (XGBoost) model is proposed to improve the accuracy of orbit prediction by learning from the historical data in a simulated environment. First, a series of experiments are conducted to determine the approximate numbers of features, which are used in the following machine learning (ML) process. Then, PCA and XGBoost models are used to find incremental corrections to orbit prediction with dynamic models. The results reveal that the designed framework based on PCA and XGBoost models can effectively improve the orbit prediction accuracy in most cases. More importantly, the proposed model has excellent generalization capability for different satellites, which means that a model learned from one satellite can be used on another new satellite without learning from the historical data of the target satellite. Overall, it has been proved that the proposed ML model can be a supplement to dynamic models for improving the orbit prediction accuracy.
Food Insecurity and Insurgency of Eating Disorders: A Legal and Policy Appraisal
Authors: Alabrese Mariagrazia , Bosi Giulia , Schettini Claudia
Published: June 2022

Some recent studies have found that food insecurity is one of the factors that can lead to the insurgence of eating disorders, thus challenging the stereotype that associates eating disorders with high-income, Western, white, young women. However, this ground-breaking research and its implications do not seem to have been taken into account by legal scholars. In order to fill this gap, this article explores whether and how the law and policy of food security, and the relevant human rights international monitoring system are dealing with this link between eating disorders and food insecurity. Our analysis shows that these legal and policy frameworks have failed to address this relationship. We argue that the circumstance that marginalised food insecure populations, irrispective of sex, age, and ethinicity, might also suffer from eating disorders should be recognized by policy makers as it could bring to more comprehensive legal and policy responses.
Intersemiotic Legal Translation: Semiotic Pluralism in Normative Drafting
Authors: Loddo Olimpia Giuliana
Published: June 2022

The expression “intersemiotic legal translation” refers to all forms of legal translation that use at least two different semiotic codes, of which at least one is not verbal. The article will analyze four different conceptions of intersemiotic translation by highlighting the different potential applications in the legal field, as well as the limitations related to this form of translation. The concept of “intersemiotic legal translation” will be examined as a species of the genus “legal translation”, and will be framed according to a typology consisting of six types of legal translation that will take both its semiotic and its legal dimensions into account.
Selective biliary occlusion in rodents: description of a new technique
Authors: Richter Beate , Sänger Constanze , Mussbach Franziska , Scheuerlein Hubert , Settmacher Utz , Dahmen Uta
Published: June 2022

Background

Modern therapy concepts are of limited success in patients with cholestasis (e.g., biliary occluding malignancies). Therefore, we established a new animal model enabling simultaneous investigation of liver regeneration and hepato-biliary remodelling in biliary obstructed and biliary non-obstructed liver lobes.

Methods

Biliary occlusion of different extent was induced in 50 male rats: Ligation and transection of the common bile duct (100% of liver, tBDT, n=25); or of the left bile duct (70% of liver, sBDT, n=25). At postoperative days 1, 3, 7, 14 and 28 we assessed the hepatic histomorphological alterations, proliferative repair, progress of liver fibrosis (HE, BrdU, EvG) and signs of liver regeneration (liver lobe weight gain). In addition, we determined systemic markers of hepatocellular injury (ASAT, ALAT), cholestasis (Bilirubin) and synthetic liver function (INR). The animals were monitored daily (body weight gain, stress score, survival).

Results

All animals survived until the planned date of sacrifice. sBDT induced in the biliary occluded liver lobes similar histomorphological alterations, proliferative repair and progress of liver fibrosis like tBDT. In the biliary non-ligated liver lobes in sBDT animals we noticed a temporarily enhanced biliary proliferation and a persistent low grade liver fibrosis in the periportal area.

Conclusions

Our model of sBDT represents a safe and valid method to induce selective cholestasis. The model enables further comparative investigation of liver regeneration in different extents of occlusive cholestasis (e.g., mimicking biliary occluding malignancies).
Shipborne GNSS acquisition of sea surface heights in the Baltic Sea
Authors: Liibusk Aive , Varbla Sander , Ellmann Artu , Vahter Kaimo , Uiboupin Rivo , Delpeche-Ellmann Nicole
Published: June 2022

For determining precise sea surface heights, six marine GNSS (global navigation satellite system) survey campaigns were performed in the eastern Baltic Sea in 2021. Four GNSS antennas were installed on the vessel, the coordinates of which were computed relative to GNSS–CORS (continuously operating reference stations). The GNSS–CORS results are compared to the PPP (precise point positioning)-based results. Better accuracy is associated with the GNSS–CORS postprocessed points; however, the PPP approach provided more accurate results for longer than 40 km baselines. For instance, the a priori vertical accuracy of the PPP solution is, on average, 0.050 ± 0.006 m and more stable along the entire vessel’s survey route. Conversely, the accuracy of CORS-based solutions decreases significantly when the distances from the GNSS–CORS exceed 40 km, whereas the standard deviation between the CORS and PPP-based solutions is up to 0.075 m in these sections. Note that in the harbor (about 4 km from the nearest GNSS–CORS), the standard deviation of vertical differences between the two solutions remains between 0.013 and 0.024 m. In addition, the GNSS antennas situated in different positions on the vessel indicated different measurement accuracies. It is suggested for further studies that at least one GNSS antenna should be mounted above the mass center of the vessel to reduce the effects of the dominating pitch motion during the surveys.
Certain subclasses of meromorphic multivalent q-starlike and q-convex functions
Authors: Khan Shahid , Hussain Saqib , Darus Maslina
Published: June 2022

In this paper, we extend the idea of q-derivative (or q-difference) operator for meromorphic p-valent functions and introduce certain new subclasses of meromorphic multivalent q-starlike and q-convex functions. We investigate subordination properties, coefficient inequalities, convolution properties and integral representations. We also derive sufficient conditions for meromorphic multivalent q-starlike and q-convex functions and highlight some known consequence of our main results.
On the Unit-Chen distribution with associated quantile regression and applications
Authors: Korkmaz Mustafa Ç. , Altun Emrah , Chesneau Christophe , Yousof Haitham M.
Published: June 2022

In this paper, a new distribution defined on (0, 1) is introduced. It is obtained by the transformation of a positive random variable following the Chen distribution with respect to the inverted exponential function. Basic distributional properties of the newly defined distribution are studied. Then, as a statistical model, we examine different methods of estimation for related parameters. We assess the performance of the obtained estimators by a complete simulation study. Subsequently, the quantile regression model based on the proposed distribution is introduced. Applications of the proposed models to real data sets show that they have better modeling capabilities than fair competitors.
Kinetics of cellulose degradation in bamboo paper
Authors: Jin Chao , Wu Chunfang , Liu Peng , Yu Hui , Yang Yuliang , Zhang Hongdong
Published: June 2022

In this article, the chain scission kinetics of cellulose in acid bamboo paper aging were studied and further applied to evaluate the lifespan of acid bamboo paper. In combination with analytical theory and Monte-Carlo simulations, the ideal random scission mechanism of cellulose macromolecules with arbitrary molecular weight distribution (MWD) was studied first. The molecular weight distribution evolutions obtained by the two methods were in good agreement, indicating the feasibility of the Monte-Carlo algorithm. Furthermore, the relationship between the ideal random scission mechanism and real paper aging was studied in an accelerated aging experiment at 105 °C. The Monte-Carlo algorithm could basically reproduce the MWD of accelerated aging at various degradation degrees, indicating that the ideal random scission mechanism is predominant in bamboo paper aging. Therefore, the relevant kinetic model can be applied to lifespan evaluation. In three other aging experiments, the activation energy of paper aging was determined by the Arrhenius equation, which facilitated the calculation of the rate constant of paper aging at room temperature. It is expected that bamboo paper can be preserved for more than a thousand years.
Integrating multi-objective superstructure optimization and multi-criteria assessment: a novel methodology for sustainable process design
Authors: Kenkel Philipp , Schnuelle Christian , Wassermann Timo , Zondervan Edwin
Published: June 2022

This work presents a novel methodology for integrated multi-objective superstructure optimization and multi-criteria assessment. The method is tailored for sustainable process synthesis utilizing mixed-integer linear programming (MILP). The six-step algorithm includes 1) superstructure formulation, 2) criteria definition and implementation, 3) criteria weighting, 4) single-criterion optimization, 5) reformulation and 6) multi-criteria optimization. It is automated in the
O

pen s

U

perstruc

T

ure mo

D

eling and

O

ptimizati

O

n f

R

amework (OUTDOOR) and tested on integrated power-to-X and biomass-to-X processes for methanol production. Three criteria are considered, namely net production costs (NPC), net production greenhouse gas emissions (NPE) and net production fresh water demand (NPFWD). The optimization indicates NPC of 1307 €/tMeOH with NPE of −2.23

t

CO
2

/

t
MeOH

${\text{t}}_{{\text{CO}}_{2}}/{\text{t}}_{\text{MeOH}}$

and NPFWD of −3.42

t

H
2

O

/

t
MeOH

${\text{t}}_{{\text{H}}_{2}\text{O}}/{\text{t}}_{\text{MeOH}}$

for an optimal trade-off plant. The plant configuration features low-pressure alkaline electrolysis for hydrogen supply, absorption-based CO2 capture and steam production from methanol purge gas for internal heat supply. Conducted variation and sensitivity analyses indicate that methanol costs can drop to about 500 €/tMeOH if electricity is free of charge, or to 805 €/tMeOH if biogas is available at large quantities, if a least-cost process layouts are considered. However, all performed multi-criteria analyses imply a robust optimal process design utilizing electricity-based methanol production.
The role of bioprocess systems engineering in extracting chemicals and energy from microalgae
Authors: Raeisi Maryam , Zondervan Edwin
Published: June 2022

In this study, the role of process systems engineering in enhancing the algae economy is highlighted. First, basic characteristics of the various strains of microalgae are presented. In addition, the beneficial extracted bioproducts and their applications are reviewed. Then, an overview of the various technologies available in each step of biorefinery to produce added-value products and biofuels from microalgae is provided. These technologies are compared in terms of required energy and efficiency. Different perspectives of the algae industry, from molecule to enterprises scale where process systems engineering can have a role, are addressed. Subsequently, the roles of process systems engineering in process and product design, process control, and supply chain of the algae biorefinery are discussed. It is found that process systems engineering can play an important role in the biobased economy, especially by applying sustainability and economic concepts in the decision-making process for selecting the best feedstock, processing pathways, and desired products. Tools such as market analysis, techno-economic analysis, life cycle assessment (LCA), and supply chain (SC) analysis can be applied to design sustainable algae biorefinery. There are, however, several challenges such as the lack of data, the complexity of optimization, and validation that should be addressed before using these tools.
Structural mechanism underpinning Thermus oshimai Pif1‐mediated G‐quadruplex unfolding
Authors: Dai Yang‐Xue , Guo Hai‐Lei , Liu Na‐Nv , Chen Wei‐Fei , Ai Xia , Li Hai‐Hong , Sun Bo , Hou Xi‐Miao , Rety Stephane , Xi Xu‐Guang
Published: June 2022

G‐quadruplexes (G4s) are unusual stable DNA structures that cause genomic instability. To overcome the potential barriers formed by G4s, cells have evolved different families of proteins that unfold G4s. Pif1 is a DNA helicase from superfamily 1 (SF1) conserved from bacteria to humans with high G4‐unwinding activity. Here, we present the first X‐ray crystal structure of the Thermus oshimai Pif1 (ToPif1) complexed with a G4. Our structure reveals that ToPif1 recognizes the entire native G4 via a cluster of amino acids at domains 1B/2B which constitute a G4‐Recognizing Surface (GRS). The overall structure of the G4 maintains its three‐layered propeller‐type G4 topology, without significant reorganization of G‐tetrads upon protein binding. The three G‐tetrads in G4 are recognized by GRS residues mainly through electrostatic, ionic interactions, and hydrogen bonds formed between the GRS residues and the ribose‐phosphate backbone. Compared with previously solved structures of SF2 helicases in complex with G4, our structure reveals how helicases from distinct superfamilies adopt different strategies for recognizing and unfolding G4s.
Politics of Law on the State Control of Oil and Gas in Indonesia: Gas Liberalization and the Hesitancy of Constitutional Court
Authors: Zain Mochamad Adib
Published: June 2022

This study aims to examine in depth the legal political state control over oil and gas in Indonesia. This research is a normative law by secondary law. Based on the research can be argued that the existence of Act No. 22 of 2001 on Oil and Gas canâ€™t be separated from other state intervention. The substance oil and gas law dictation by IMF and USAID. Consequently oil and gas law is characterized by a liberal. It eliminates the mean of state control over oil and gas in Indonesia. The Constitutional Court as a judicial institution that is given the authority to judicial review of the constitution less did his part well. The Constitutional Court only eliminated some arrangements liberalization in the Act.
Provision of Elimination of Tax Administrative Sanctions in Indonesia on 2008 and 2015 Case: Establishment of Tax Law
Authors: Anggia Putri
Published: June 2022

Elimination of administrative sanctions or Sunset Policy on 2008 intended to achieve the target of tax revenue and to strengthen the data base by providing incentives in the form of taxation, was not done due diligence measures. Removal of administrative sanctions in 2015 was motivated by the goal of achieving the target of tax revenue and more specific purpose, namely as a continuation next year, the year of law enforcement. Removal of Administrative Sanction was not in accordance with the theory of devotion. Implementation of the elimination of administrative sanction give leeway to the taxpayer to foster a sense of obligation to pay taxes, so it tends to keep the runway taxation in the theory of filial piety.
Rights of Police Action by the Financial Audit Board of the Republic of Indonesia
Authors: Bintari Aninditya Eka
Published: June 2022

This study aims to describe the actions of the police conducted by the Financial Audit Board of the Republic of Indonesia (BPK RI) in the perspective of human rights in the context of the ethics code and the fulfillment of rights. This research is normative law research, hence secondary data source or library data source used as the main source of this research. The research method used in this research is qualitative analysis, which is descriptive by presenting the data in detail and make interpretations to answer the formulation of research problems.

The conclusion of the research result is police action stipulated in Article 24 of Law No. 15 of 2006 on Indonesian Financial Audit Board which contains the police action conducted by BPK to examine a case conducted by order of the Attorney General after first obtaining written approval from the President. What is meant by police action (explanation of Article 24 of Law No. 15 of 2006) is a summons in connection with criminal acts, arrest, search and seizure. This police action is further regulated in BPK RI Regulation No. 2 of 2008 concerning to the Procedure of Sealing in Implementation of Inspection and Regulation of BPK RI No.3 of 2008 concerning Procedure of Calling and Request of Information by BPK.
The Protection to Victims of Violence Based on Gender as a Fulfillment of the Constitutional Rights in the Perspective of Human Rights in Boyolali's District, Indonesia
Authors: Yudhanti Ristina , Arifin Saru , Rismadini Fauziah
Published: June 2022

Cases of Gender-based violence increase from year to year and this raises concerns. The phenomenon that puts Boyolali as the district with the highest number of gender-based violence to former residency Surakarta need for follow up. This study aims to get information form of protection and the efforts that have been undertaken by the government of Boyolali District to meet the Constitutional Rights for victims of gender-based violence in Boyolali; Fulfillment of Constitutional Rights for victims of violence against women by the government of Boyolali Regency, among others; Complaint service spread in 19 districts in Boyolali District. Social Rehabilitation Services are given by officers and social rehabilitation. Spiritual guidance services provided by Spiritual guidance counselors are trained for women andChild victims of violence in the integrated service unit. Law enforcement from the level of investigation to court decisions on cases of violence against women and children has been carried out according to the procedure. Legal aid service to women and children of victims of violence. Repatriation of women and children Victims of violence. According to standard that has been set in SPM by 75%. Social re-integration services for women and child victims of violence, according to standards set out in the SPM at 100%
Policy of Development for Juvenile Delinquency in the Perspective of Indonesian Criminal Justice System Reform (Study on Institute for Special Development Children LPKA Kutoarjo, Central Java, Indonesia)
Authors: Wangi Yosefin Dika Tyas
Published: June 2022

One of the functions of Penitentiary Institution becomes an institution that basically conducts guidance to socialize the convicts back after the court decision. But in the perspective of society that prisons are a place to punish people and form a negative image in society. The succession of the Children's Penitentiary to become LPKA (Lembaga Pembinaan Khusus Anak) based on Law No.11 of 2012 seeks to change the perception of child counseling in the institution that fostered Delinquency children. But erasing the image in the community is not easy in the short term to understand the community about the function of LPKA. Thus raises the issue of Juvenile Delinquency development policy after the court decision that can be done by LPKA. Therefore, it is necessary to have policies that can be felt by the assisted citizens with special forms of protection for the children one of them is by way of mental, spiritual, and social guidance for the children in the Institute for Special Development of Children (LPKA). This paper discusses two important points, namely: first how is the policy of LPKA Kutoarjo in conducting development of juvenile delinquency, and second, what is the policy that should be towards the development of juvenile delinquency in the future.
The Prospects for Public Management Reform in Indonesia
Authors: Muhtada Dani
Published: June 2022

After the fall of Suharto, the government of Indonesia has started to reform its public sector. The reform began with the introduction of Law 22/1999 on Regional Autonomy and Law 25/1999 on Fiscal Equalization between Center and Regions. The laws have created a huge wave of decentralization in almost all aspects of the management of Indonesiaâ€™s public sector. Yet, the future of such a reform is debatable. This article discusses the prospects for public management reforms in Indonesia. This author argues that the government needs clear rules for effective implementation of decentralization. The government also needs to reinforce the role of provincial governments as the agents of the central as well as the coordinator of district governments. Furthermore, the government needs to set standard budgeting, auditing, and reporting procedures for all local budgets, and mechanisms in order to monitor sharing of natural resources revenue and transfers. Last but not least, the role of non-government organizations (NGOs) and mass media is highly significant and required for a successful reform of public management.
Implementation on Transfer of Undertaking Protection of Employment to Outsourcing Labors in Semarang Indonesia: A Legal Approach
Authors: Herlambang Pratama Herry
Published: June 2022

Assurance of proper and good job is one of indicators of the success of the State to run the constitution in accordance with the mandate of the Constitution of the Republic of Indonesia. In the era of free trade and economic society, work is a problem that is less of a concern for the state because there is no comprehensive protection. Even in the year 2003 was born a law on employment, at the beginning of the law establishment, a lot of optimism that of the Indonesian population especially workers who have been unprotected related to the rights of workers. But over time, many problems arise in the community one of them is the guarantee of continued work for outsourcing workers, so a thorough legal review of employment protection guarantees is shifted to its work.
Document Study of UNNES Legality as Legal Entity State University
Authors: Masyhar Ali , Maskur Muhammad Azil , Widodo Mulyo
Published: June 2022

Unit of Public Service Agency (PSA Work Unit). UNNES continues to improve itself towards better community service, which is as a Legal Entity State University. Legal Entity State University will have a highly positive impact, especially the autonomy of academic and non-academic administration and management. One of the important efforts in order to achieve the status of UNNES as a Legal Entity State University, it is necessary to form a legal document that is the basis of an organization in the form of a Statute. In the preparation of the Statute, it will not be likely to obtain a suitable Statute without the study and analysis outlined in the Academic Document. Based on this background, this research was based on the formulation of the problem on what is the rationality of the Academic Document that needs to be built, in order to produce a Statute of Legal Entity State University that is suitable for UNNES? And what is the formulation/draft of the Statute of UNNES as a Legal Entity State University in order to materialize the vision of UNNES, which is the Conservation Vision-Based University and International Reputation? Based on the formulation of the problem it is intended to produce an Academic Document of the Statute of UNNES as a Legal Entity State University and the legality document of UNNES as a Legal Entity State University, especially in the form of a constitutional Draft Statute.
The Completion Pattern of Adultery Case Based on the Customary Law of Sabunese
Authors: Paulus Gery Mario , Pello Jimmy , Sinurat Aksi
Published: June 2022

Adultery, according to Sabu Society is relations between a man who is bound a custom matrimony or religious marriage with a woman who is bound a matrimony or one of them has bound in a matrimony. Adultery, based on the positive law is ruled in chapter 284 book of Undang-Undang Hukum Pidana (KUHP). Chapter 284 KUHP has the point that a man or woman who has been married and doing adultery (overspel). The point in chapter 284 KUHP has similarity with the point in customary law of Sabunese, namely adultery is conducted with someone (man or woman) who has been joined in matrimony. Based on the research has been done, it found that the people of Sabu is prefer to completing adultery customarily because of some factors, that is: sanction and serious fine, it is normally using the completion customarily with the people of Sabu,the justice law based on the people of Sabu, the effect of completion and completion pattern. Two patterns of completion which appears in completion process of adultery based on the customary law of Sabu is the completion pattern in kinship way which are preventing and protecting.
Promoting the Right to Education through A Card: A Paradox of Indonesia's Educational Policy?
Authors: Ulum Muhammad Bahrul , Wildana Dina Tsalist
Published: June 2022

In 2015, the Indonesian government unveiled the Smart Indonesia Program, or Program Indonesia Pintar (PIP). The program consisted of educational subsidies through cash transfers exclusively granted to students aged from 6 to 21 years old from poor families. This paper examines the role of the PIP subsidy pertaining to the fulfilment of the right to education. As a consequence, it resulted in a competing account between cash transfers and the minimum standard of government duties to fulfil the need for adequate educational support. There is a paradox in the government's educational policy on the fulfilment of human rights to education in dealing with the PIP program. While educational complexities faced in remote areas cannot be hindered and it is granted not solely to students from vulnerable families. Such discrepancies in programs circumstantially affirm that the government ignores the root of Indonesia's educational problems, including providing free education as its obligation to human rights. The research conducted concludes by suggesting the government to evaluate the current policies by considering budget priorities and the efficiency of providing inclusive education.
The Position of Women in International Relationship: A Book Review Gender & Hubungan Internasional, Ani Seotjipto, Jalasutra Bandung, 2013, 320 pages, ISBN 978-602-825-293-5
Authors: Tastama Ridho Dwiky
Published: June 2022

This book also includes various forms of examples of statements of international agreements between countries such as: Singapore Declaration of 1992, Scale of Assessments, Rule of Procedure of the General Assembly, Resolution 1514 (XV): Declaration on the Granting of Independence to Colonial Countries and Peoples, Resolution 1514 (XV): Principles Which Should Be a Guide for Determining whether or not An Obligation Existence to Information of the Charter of the United Nations, and Declaration of Principles of International Law Concerning Friendly Relations and Co-operation among States in Accordance with the Charter of the United Nations. This book explains how to look at international relations in terms of gender as well as feminism, mostly in this book discussing women and their human rights in international relations in the world. The author wrote this book based on his perspective as a subject of women's law to international law. This book uses language that is easily understood and understood by students so it is very helpful in learning activities and very helpful in giving references in making lectures related to international relations.