bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Attitudes of Medical and Pharmacy Students Towards Patients Suffering from Schizophrenia
Authors: Ignjatovic-Ristic Dragana , Solujic Ana , Obradovic Andrea , Nikic-Djuricic Katarina , Draskovic Marija , Jovic Jelena , Rancic Nemanja , Jovicic Milena , Ristic Ivan
Published: March 2017

Research over the past twenty years has shown that the attitudes of health care workers and students towards people who are suffering from schizophrenia have become more negative. The aim of our study was to investigate the attitudes of medical and pharmacy students towards patients with schizophrenia and explore the differences in attitudes between study groups and students in different years. Materials and methods: Second- and fifth-year medical and pharmacy students from the Faculty of Medical Sciences at the University of Kragujevac were included in an observational, prospective, cross-sectional study. The sample consisted of 113 students from the pharmacy and medical schools who were chosen via random sampling. The students completed a two-part questionnaire. Th e first part contained questions about sociodemographic characteristics, whereas the second part was a translated version of the Mental Illness: Clinician’s Attitudes (MICA) v4 scale. Results: There is a statistically significant difference (р<0.05) in the attitudes towards people with schizophrenia between second- and fifth-year medical and pharmacy students (with lower scores in both groups in fifth-year students). Of the total number of students who had lower summed scores on the Likert scale, 51.3% had previously finished medical high school, whereas 28.3% had previously finished regular high school. Conclusion: Our results showed a statistically significant difference in attitudes towards people with schizophrenia between second- and fifth-year students as well as a difference related to previous high school education. This stresses the importance of levels of knowledge about schizophrenia to reducing the stigmatization of patients who suffer from this disorder.
Introduction
Authors: Poczobut Robert , Surowik Dariusz
Published: March 2017

The problem of interfield integration in cognitive science has three closely connected aspects; they are to do with: a) the interdependencies between the levels of organization of cognitive systems (the substantive aspect), b) the intertheoretic connections between the subdisciplines of cognitive science (the methodological aspect), and c) the organization of research and interdisciplinary research projects conducted by scientists from different disciplines who employ a variety of research methods (the institutional aspect).
Massive Simulation of Complex Behaviour
Authors: Urchs Max
Published: March 2017

The promise of Newtonian science to create a universal precise explanation of all phenomena seems to be out-dated. “Cutting through complexity” may kill potential solutions. The complexity of real phenomena should be accepted and at best tamed by appropriate techniques. Complexity, a recent megatrend in the sciences, may effectuate another scientific revolution.
Turing Machines and Evolution. A Critique of Gregory Chaitin’s Metabiology
Authors: Siedliński Radosław
Published: March 2017

The aim of the paper is twofold. First, it presents the fundamental ideas and results of the “metabiology” created by Gregory Chaitin. Second, it shows why metabiology ultimately fails as a candidate for being a proper mathematical model for the theory of evolution by natural selection. Because of genocentric reductionism and biological oversimplifications, metabiology should be perceived rather as an expression of the philosophical worldview of it’s author.
Defining Cognitive Logics by Non-Classical Tableau Rules
Authors: Jarmużek Tomasz
Published: March 2017

In the paper we propose a new approach to formalization of cognitive logics. By cognitive logics we understand supraclassical, but non-trivial consequence operations, defined in a propositional language. We extend some paradigm of tableau methods, in which classical consequence Cn is defined, to stronger logics - monotonic, as well as non-monotonic ones - by specific use of non-classical tableau rules. So far, in that context tableaus have been treated as a way of formalizing other approaches to supraclassical logics, but we use them autonomically to generate various consequence operations. It requires a description of the hierarchy of non-classical tableau rules that result in different supraclassical consequence operations, so we give it.
Cognitive Determinants of the Effectiveness of Technological Interfaces
Authors: Paweł Piotr
Published: March 2017

Interface plays an important function in the operational process of modern interactive information technologies. Its task is to enable communication, signal exchange, and cooperation with the human mind. Technological interface is understood as the place where technology and software operating a computer must enter into interaction with the mind. The response is provided by the mind, which communicates with the machine performing the tasks imposed by the mind. The technology with its complexities can be a problem for the operator, but on the other hand, the person can also be a problem for the technology by vague and unspecified tasks transferred for execution. I would like to view various aspects of the functioning of the interface by analyzing the four modalities: perceptual modality, associated with memory and experience, with the expectations of users, and conceptual modality related to understanding of the technology by the user.
Between Language and Consciousness: Linguistic Qualia, Awareness, and Cognitive Models
Authors: Konderak Piotr
Published: March 2017

The main goal of the paper is to present a putative role of consciousness in language capacity. The paper contrasts the two approaches characteristic for cognitive semiotics and cognitive science. Language is treated as a mental phenomenon and a cognitive faculty (in contrast to approaches that define language as a primarily social phenomenon). The analysis of language activity is based on the Chalmers’ (1996) distinction between the two forms of consciousness: phenomenal (simply “consciousness”) and psychological (“awareness”). The approach is seen as an alternative to phenomenological analyses typical for cognitive semiotics.

Further, a cognitive model of the language faculty is described. The model is implemented in SNePS/GLAIR architecture and based on GATN grammar and semantic networks as a representation formalism. The model - reflecting traditionally distinguished linguistic structures (Jackendoff 2002: 198) - consists of phonological, syntactic, and semantic modules.

I claim that the most important role in the phenomenon of language (and in explanations thereof) is played by psychological consciousness. Phenomenal consciousness accompanies various stages of language functioning (e.g. linguistic qualia), but is not indispensable in explanations of the language faculty.
A modified algorithm of Particle Swarm Optimization for form error evaluation
Authors: Pathak Vimal Kumar , Singh Amit Kumar , Singh Ramanpreet , Chaudhary Himanshu
Published: March 2017

The set of measured data points acquired from the Coordinate Measuring Machine (CMM) need to be processed and analyzed for
evaluating the form errors inside the manufactured components. This paper presents a modified algorithm of particle swarm
optimization (MPSO) for assessing the form error from the set of coordinate measured data points. In the classical
algorithm of the particle swarm optimization (PSO), the value of the candidate solution is updated from its existing value
without actually comparing the value obtained in the consecutive iterations for fitness. This behaviour attributes to
a lack of exploitation ability in the defined search space. The proposed algorithm generates new swarm position and
fitness solution for the objective function through an improved and modified search equation based on a proposed heuristic
step. In this step, the swarm searches around the best solution of the previous iteration for improving the swarm
exploitation capability. The particle swarm uses greedy selection procedure to choose the best candidate
solution. A non-linear minimum zone objective function is formulated mathematically for different types of form errors and
then optimized using proposed MPSO. Five benchmark functions are used to prove the effectiveness of the modified
algorithm, which is verified by comparing its solution and convergence with those obtained from the established algorithms
namely PSO and genetic algorithm (GA). Finally, the result of the proposed algorithm for form error evaluation is compared
with previous work and other established nature-inspired algorithms. The results demonstrate that the proposed MPSO
algorithm is more efficient and accurate than the other conventional heuristic optimization algorithms. Furthermore, it is
well suited for form error evaluation using CMM acquired data.
Untersuchungen zur Messunsicherheit und Wirtschaftlichkeit dimensioneller Computertomographie-Messungen an ausgewählten Beispielen
Authors: Hiller Jochen , Sawczyn Nikolas , Imkamp Dietrich , Uhlmann Eckart
Published: March 2017

Die industrielle Computertomographie (CT) wird zunehmend für die
zerstörungsfreie Prüfung von Bauteilen als Instrument der
fertigungsbegleitenden Qualitätssicherung eingesetzt. Ein Vorteil gegenüber taktilen oder optischen Messverfahren ist insbesondere die
Möglichkeit, sowohl außen- als auch innenliegende Geometriemerkmale
zerstörungsfrei zu erfassen. In diesem Beitrag werden anhand
ausgewählter Bauteile Möglichkeiten zur Steigerung der
Wirtschaftlichkeit von CT-Messungen durch gleichzeitige tomographische
Erfassung mehrerer Bauteile im Messvolumen untersucht und die
Messunsicherheit für die einzelnen Aufnahmeszenarien experimentell
ermittelt.
Crystal Structure and Bonding Analysis of (La0.8Ca0.2)(Cr0.9−x
Co0.1Cu
x
)O3 Ceramics
Authors: Thenmozhi N. , Saravanan R. , Fu Yen-Pei
Published: March 2017

In this article, structural properties and bonding behaviours of codoped lanthanum chromites (La0.8Ca0.2)(Cr0.9−x
Co0.1Cu
x
)O3 (x=0.00, 0.03, and 0.12) were investigated in detail. Polycrystalline chromite samples (La0.8Ca0.2)(Cr0.9−x
Co0.1Cu
x
)O3 (x=0.00, 0.03, and 0.12) were prepared by a standard solid-state reaction process. The synthesised samples were characterised for their structural, morphological, optical, and magnetic properties using powder XRD, SEM/EDS, UV–Vis, and VSM. XRD data showed that the samples were crystallised into a single phase with orthorhombic structure. Powder profile refinement analysis suggested the reduction in lattice parameters and cell volume with the addition of Cu. The electron density distributions and the bonding features of the prepared samples have been investigated using maximum entropy method (MEM). The mid bond electron density values revealed the enhancement of ionic nature between lanthanum and oxygen ions and a reduction in covalent nature between chromium and oxygen ions. Heterogeneous distribution of particles with different sizes was observed through SEM micrographs. EDS spectra confirms the presence of constituent elements in the prepared samples. Optical band gap values are decreasing with the addition of Cu. Antiferromagnetic ordering was observed from M–H curves obtained at room temperature. The structural and the magnetic properties are correlated.
A green approach for an efficient preparation of 2,4-diamino-6-aryl-5-pyrimidinecarbonitriles using a TiO2–SiO2 nanocomposite catalyst under solvent-free conditions
Authors: Rabiei Ahmad , Abdolmohammadi Shahrzad , Shafaei Faezeh
Published: March 2017

We report on the preparation of a series of 2,4-diamino-6-aryl-5-pyrimidinecarbonitriles, a new efficient protocol, via the condensation reaction of aromatic aldehydes, malononitrile, and guanidine nitrate using a TiO2–SiO2 nanocomposite with a molar ratio of 1:1 as a heterogeneous catalyst. The use of a low-cost and reusable catalyst under mild and solvent-free conditions, and simplicity in operation with easier isolation of the products in high to excellent yields are the main advantages of this highly versatile and eco-friendly protocol.
«Die politische auseinandersetzung zwischen W. v. Wartburg und Johann Ulrich Hubschmied»
Authors: Hausmann Frank-Rutger
Published: March 2017

When in 1974 René Étiemble raised accusation against Walther von Wartburg to have fostered Nazi-activities during his visiting professorship in Chicago in 1935 and the following years, Kurt Baldinger asked his Heidelberg colleague Johannes Hubschmid, son of Wartburg’s old friend Johann Ulrich Hubschmied, to clear Wartburg of all blame. But Hubschmid, who was in possession of a rich correspondence between Wartburg and his father, came to a different result, and his documentation remained unpublished. The following article reproduces not only Hubschmid’s text, but gives at the same time an evaluation of Hubschmid’s assertions in the light of other archival material.
Bedeutungskonstitution in der Interaktion: die Partikel bien im gesprochenen Französisch
Authors: Thaler Verena
Published: March 2017

The paper is concerned with the semantics of the French particle
Activation of Ras-ERK Signaling and GSK-3 by Amyloid Precursor Protein and Amyloid Beta Facilitates Neurodegeneration in Alzheimer’s Disease
Authors: Kirouac Lisa , Rajic Alexander J. , Cribbs David H. , Padmanabhan Jaya
Published: March 2017

It is widely accepted that amyloid β (Aβ) generated from amyloid precursor protein (APP) oligomerizes and fibrillizes to form neuritic plaques in Alzheimer’s disease (AD), yet little is known about the contribution of APP to intracellular signaling events preceding AD pathogenesis. The data presented here demonstrate that APP expression and neuronal exposure to oligomeric Aβ42 enhance Ras/ERK signaling cascade and glycogen synthase kinase 3 (GSK-3) activation. We find that RNA interference (RNAi)-directed knockdown of APP in B103 rat neuroblastoma cells expressing APP inhibits Ras-ERK signaling and GSK-3 activation, indicating that APP acts upstream of these signal transduction events. Both ERK and GSK-3 are known to induce hyperphosphorylation of tau and APP at Thr668, and our findings suggest that aberrant signaling by APP facilitates these events. Supporting this notion, analysis of human AD brain samples showed increased expression of Ras, activation of GSK-3, and phosphorylation of APP and tau, which correlated with Aβ levels in the AD brains. Furthermore, treatment of primary rat neurons with Aβ recapitulated these events and showed enhanced Ras-ERK signaling, GSK-3 activation, upregulation of cyclin D1, and phosphorylation of APP and tau. The finding that Aβ induces Thr668 phosphorylation on APP, which enhances APP proteolysis and Aβ generation, denotes a vicious feedforward mechanism by which APP and Aβ promote tau hyperphosphorylation and neurodegeneration in AD. Based on these results, we hypothesize that aberrant proliferative signaling by APP plays a fundamental role in AD neurodegeneration and that inhibition of this would impede cell cycle deregulation and neurodegeneration observed in AD.
Amyloid Precursor Protein inDrosophilaGlia Regulates Sleep and Genes Involved in Glutamate Recycling
Authors: Farca Luna Abud Jose , Perier Magali , Seugnet Laurent
Published: March 2017

Amyloid precursor protein (App) plays a crucial role in Alzheimer's disease via the production and deposition of toxic β-amyloid peptides. App is heavily expressed in neurons, the focus of the vast majority of studies investigating its function. Meanwhile, almost nothing is known about App's function in glia, where it is also expressed, and can potentially participate in the regulation of neuronal physiology. In this report, we investigated whetherAppl, theDrosophilahomolog ofApp, could influence sleep–wake regulation when its function is manipulated in glial cells.Applinhibition in astrocyte-like and cortex glia resulted in higher sleep amounts and longer sleep bout duration during the night, while overexpression had the opposite effect. These sleep phenotypes were not the result of developmental defects, and were correlated with changes in expression in glutamine synthetase (GS) in astrocyte-like glia and in changes in the gap-junction component innexin2 in cortex glia. Downregulating both GS and innexin2, but not either one individually, resulted in higher sleep amounts, similarly toApplinhibition. Consistent with these results, the expression of GS and innexin2 are increased following sleep deprivation, indicating that GS and innexin2 genes are dynamically linked to vigilance states. Interestingly, the reduction of GS expression and the sleep phenotype observed uponApplinhibition could be rescued by increasing the expression of the glutamate transporter dEaat1. In contrast, reducing dEaat1 expression severely disrupted sleep. These results associate glutamate recycling, sleep, and a glial function for the App family proteins.

SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENTThe amyloid precursor protein (App) has been intensively studied for its implication in Alzheimer's disease (AD). The attributed functions of App are linked to the physiology and cellular biology of neurons where the protein is predominantly expressed. Consequences on glia in AD are generally thought to be secondary effects of the pathology in neurons. Researchers still do not know whether App plays a role in glia in nonpathological conditions. We report here that glial App plays a role in physiology and in the regulation of sleep/wake, which has been shown recently to be involved in AD pathology. These results also associate glutamate recycling and sleep regulation, adding further complexity to the physiological role of App and to its implication in AD.
FEF-Controlled Alpha Delay Activity Precedes Stimulus-Induced Gamma-Band Activity in Visual Cortex
Authors: Popov Tzvetan , Kastner Sabine , Jensen Ole
Published: March 2017

Recent findings in the visual system of nonhuman primates have demonstrated an important role of gamma-band activity (40–100 Hz) in the feedforward flow of sensory information, whereas feedback control appears to be established dynamically by oscillations in the alpha (8–13 Hz) and beta (13–18 Hz) bands (van Kerkoerle et al., 2014; Bastos et al., 2015). It is not clear, however, how alpha oscillations are controlled and how they interact with the flow of visual information mediated by gamma-band activity. Using noninvasive human MEG recordings in subjects performing a visuospatial attention task, we show that fluctuations in alpha power during a delay period in a spatial attention task preceded subsequent stimulus-driven gamma-band activity. Importantly, these interactions correlated with behavioral performance. Using Granger analysis, we further show that the right frontal-eye field (rFEF) exerted feedback control of the visual alpha oscillations. Our findings suggest that alpha oscillations controlled by the FEF route cortical information flow by modulating gamma-band activity.

SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENTVisual perception relies on a feedforward flow of information from sensory regions, which is modulated by a feedback drive. We have identified the neuronal dynamics supporting integration of the feedforward and feedback information. Alpha oscillations in early visual regions reflect feedback control when spatial attention is allocated and this control is exercised by the right frontal eye field. Importantly, the alpha-band activity predicted both performance and activity in the gamma band. In particular, gamma activity was modulated by the phase of the alpha oscillations. These findings provide novel insight into how the brain operates as a network and suggest that the integration of feedforward and feedback information is implemented by cross-frequency interactions between slow and fast neuronal oscillations.
Phases of Hyperconnectivity and Hypoconnectivity in the Default Mode and Salience Networks Track with Amyloid and Tau in Clinically Normal Individuals
Authors: Schultz Aaron P. , Chhatwal Jasmeer P. , Hedden Trey , Mormino Elizabeth C. , Hanseeuw Bernard J. , Sepulcre Jorge , Huijbers Willem , LaPoint Molly , Buckley Rachel F. , Johnson Keith A. , Sperling Reisa A.
Published: March 2017

Alzheimer's disease (AD) is characterized by two hallmark molecular pathologies: amyloid aβ1–42and Tau neurofibrillary tangles. To date, studies of functional connectivity MRI (fcMRI) in individuals with preclinical AD have relied on associations within vivomeasures of amyloid pathology. With the recent advent ofin vivoTau-PET tracers it is now possible to extend investigations on fcMRI in a sample of cognitively normal elderly humans to regional measures of Tau. We modeled fcMRI measures across four major cortical association networks [default-mode network (DMN), salience network (SAL), dorsal attention network, and frontoparietal control network] as a function of global cortical amyloid [Pittsburgh Compound B (PiB)-PET] and regional Tau (AV1451-PET) in entorhinal, inferior temporal (IT), and inferior parietal cortex. Results showed that the interaction term between PiB and IT AV1451 was significantly associated with connectivity in the DMN and salience. The interaction revealed that amyloid-positive (aβ+) individuals show increased connectivity in the DMN and salience when neocortical Tau levels are low, whereas aβ+individuals demonstrate decreased connectivity in these networks as a function of elevated Tau-PET signal. This pattern suggests a hyperconnectivity phase followed by a hypoconnectivity phase in the course of preclinical AD.

SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENTThis article offers a first look at the relationship between Tau-PET imaging with F18-AV1451 and functional connectivity MRI (fcMRI) in the context of amyloid-PET imaging. The results suggest a nonlinear relationship between fcMRI and both Tau-PET and amyloid-PET imaging. The pattern supports recent conjecture that the AD fcMRI trajectory is characterized by periods of both hyperconnectivity and hypoconnectivity. Furthermore, this nonlinear pattern can account for the sometimes conflicting reports of associations between amyloid and fcMRI in individuals with preclinical Alzheimer's disease.
The Phosphorylation State of theDrosophilaTRP Channel Modulates the Frequency Response to Oscillating LightIn Vivo
Authors: Voolstra Olaf , Rhodes-Mordov Elisheva , Katz Ben , Bartels Jonas-Peter , Oberegelsbacher Claudia , Schotthöfer Susanne Katharina , Yasin Bushra , Tzadok Hanan , Huber Armin , Minke Baruch
Published: March 2017

Drosophilaphotoreceptors respond to oscillating light of high frequency (∼100 Hz), while the detected maximal frequency is modulated by the light rearing conditions, thus enabling high sensitivity to light and high temporal resolution. However, the molecular basis for this adaptive process is unclear. Here, we report that dephosphorylation of the light-activated transient receptor potential (TRP) ion channel at S936 is a fast, graded, light-dependent, and Ca2+-dependent process that is partially modulated by the rhodopsin phosphatase retinal degeneration C (RDGC). Electroretinogram measurements of the frequency response to oscillating lightsin vivorevealed that dark-reared flies expressing wild-type TRP exhibited a detection limit of oscillating light at relatively low frequencies, which was shifted to higher frequencies upon light adaptation. Strikingly, preventing phosphorylation of the S936-TRP site by alanine substitution in transgenicDrosophila(trpS936A) abolished the difference in frequency response between dark-adapted and light-adapted flies, resulting in high-frequency response also in dark-adapted flies. In contrast, inserting a phosphomimetic mutation by substituting the S936-TRP site to aspartic acid (trpS936D) set the frequency response of light-adapted flies to low frequencies typical of dark-adapted flies. Light-adaptedrdgCmutant flies showed relatively high S936-TRP phosphorylation levels and light–dark phosphorylation dynamics. These findings suggest that RDGC is one but not the only phosphatase involved in pS936-TRP dephosphorylation. Together, this study indicates that TRP channel dephosphorylation is a regulatory process that affects the detection limit of oscillating light according to the light rearing condition, thus adjusting dynamic processing of visual information under varying light conditions.

SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENTDrosophilaphotoreceptors exhibit high temporal resolution as manifested in frequency response to oscillating light of high frequency (≤∼100 Hz). Light rearing conditions modulate the maximal frequency detected by photoreceptors, thus enabling them to maintain high sensitivity to light and high temporal resolution. However, the precise mechanisms for this process are not fully understood. Here, we show by combination of biochemistry andin vivoelectrophysiology that transient receptor potential (TRP) channel dephosphorylation at a specific site is a fast, light-activated and Ca2+-dependent regulatory process. TRP dephosphorylation affects the detection limit of oscillating light according to the adaptation state of the photoreceptor cells by shifting the detection limit to higher frequencies upon light adaptation. This novel mechanism thus adjusts dynamic processing of visual information under varying light conditions.
Comparative profiling of small RNAs of pig seminal plasma and ejaculated and epididymal sperm
Authors: Chen Cai , Wu Han , Shen Dan , Wang Saisai , Zhang Li , Wang Xiaoyan , Gao Bo , Wu Tianwen , Li Bichun , Li Kui , Song Chengyi
Published: March 2017

The similarities and differences of small RNAs in seminal plasma, epididymal sperm and ejaculated sperm remain largely undefined. We conducted a systematic comparative analysis of small RNA profiles in pig ejaculated sperm, epididymal sperm and seminal plasma and found that the diversity distribution of small RNA species was generally similar, whereas the abundance of small RNAs is dramatically different across the three libraries; miRNAs and small RNAs derived from rRNA, tRNA, small nuclear RNA, 7SK RNA, NRON RNA and cis-regulatory RNA were enriched in the three libraries, but piRNA was absent. A large population of small RNAs from ejaculated sperm are ejaculated sperm specific, and only 8–30% of small RNAs overlapped with those of epididymal sperm or seminal plasma and a small proportion (5–18%) of small RNAs were shared in the three libraries, suggesting that, in addition to the testes, sperm RNAs may also originate from seminal plasma, epididymis as well as other resources. Most miRNAs were co-distributed but differentially expressed across the three libraries, with epididymal sperm exhibiting the highest abundance, followed by ejaculated sperm and seminal plasma. The prediction of target genes of the top 10 highly expressed miRNAs across the three libraries revealed that these miRNAs may be involved in spermatogenesis, zygote development and the interaction between the environment and animals. Our study provides the first description of the similarities and differences of small RNA profiles in ejaculated sperm, epididymal sperm and seminal plasma and indicates that sperm RNA may have origins other than the testes.
A Phase I Study of Abiraterone Acetate Combined with BEZ235, a Dual PI3K/mTOR Inhibitor, in Metastatic Castration Resistant Prostate Cancer
Authors: Wei Xiao X. , Hsieh Andrew C. , Kim Won , Friedlander Terence , Lin Amy M. , Louttit Mirela , Ryan Charles J.
Published: March 2017

Lessons Learned

The combination of standard dose abiraterone acetate and BEZ235, a pan-class I PI3K and mTORC1/2 inhibitor, was poorly tolerated in men with progressive mCRPC. Although the clinical development of BEZ235 has been discontinued in prostate cancer, agents that more selectively target PI3K-AKT-mTOR signaling may have a more favorable therapeutic index and should continue to be explored.

Background

Androgen receptor (AR) and phosphatidylinositol-3 kinase (PI3K) signaling are two commonly perturbed pathways in prostate cancer. Preclinical data have shown that the two pathways compensate for each other when one is inhibited, and combined inhibition of AR and PI3K signaling may be a viable strategy to prevent or overcome castration resistance.

Methods

This phase I study evaluated the safety and tolerability of abiraterone acetate and prednisone combined with BEZ235, a dual PI3K and mTORC1/2 inhibitor, in men with progressive metastatic castration resistant prostate cancer (mCRPC) who have not received prior chemotherapy.

Results

Six patients (n = 6) were treated at the starting dose level of abiraterone acetate 1,000 mg with prednisone 5 mg twice daily and BEZ235 200 mg twice daily in a 3 + 3 dose escalation design. The study was terminated early because three of the six patients (50%) experienced dose-limiting toxicities: grade 3 mucositis, grade 3 hypotension, and grade 4 dyspnea and pneumonitis. All six patients had previously progressed on abiraterone/prednisone. The median treatment duration was 27 days (range: 3–130 days). No prostate-specific antigen (PSA) decline or objective response were observed.

Conclusion

The combination of standard-dose abiraterone/prednisone with BEZ235 200 mg twice daily was poorly tolerated in patients with mCRPC. The on-target and off-target effects of dual PI3K and mTORC inhibition likely contributed to the unacceptable toxicity profile.
Risk-Reducing Strategies for Ovarian Cancer in BRCA Mutation Carriers: A Balancing Act
Authors: Tschernichovsky Roi , Goodman Annekathryn
Published: March 2017

Objective

The objective of this study was to review the role of bilateral salpingo-oophorectomy in BRCA mutation (mBRCA) carriers and alternative interventions in risk reduction of ovarian cancer (OC).

Materials and Methods

A systematic review using PubMed, MEDLINE, EMBASE, and the Cochrane library was conducted to identify studies of different strategies to prevent OC in mBRCA carriers, including bilateral salpingo-oophorectomy, prophylactic salpingectomy with delayed oophorectomy, intensive surveillance, and chemoprevention.

Results

Risk-reducing bilateral salpingo-oophorectomy is an effective intervention, but its associated morbidity is substantial and seems to curtail uptake rates among the target population. Although there is much interest and a strong theoretical basis for salpingectomy with delayed oophorectomy, data on its clinical application are scarce with regard to screening, the use of an algorithmic protocol has recently shown favorable albeit indefinite results in average-risk postmenopausal women. Its incorporation into studies focused on high-risk women might help solidify a future role for screening as a bridge to surgery. The use of oral contraceptives for chemoprevention is well supported by epidemiologic studies. However, there is a lack of evidence for advocating any of the other agents proposed for this purpose, including nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs, vitamin D, and retinoids.

Conclusion

Further studies are needed before salpingectomy with delayed oophorectomy or intensive surveillance can be offered as acceptable, less morbid alternatives to upfront oophorectomy for mBRCA carriers.
Climatic determinants of acorn size and germination percentage of Quercus rugosa (Fagaceae) along a latitudinal gradient in Mexico
Authors: Llanderal-Mendoza Jesús , Gugger Paul F. , Oyama Ken , Uribe-Salas Dolores , González Rodríguez Antonio
Published: March 2017

Background. Abiotic constraints, historical effects of the last glaciation, and differential dispersal, have been proposed as potential explanations to account for the latitudinal decrease in acorn size of wide-ranging oak species distributed in the U.S. and Canada.

Hypothesis. We specifically tested the abiotic constraints hypothesis on oak acorn size in a geographical area without the counfounding influence of glaciation and related dispersal history.

Data description. Acorns from seven populations of the white oak Quercus rugosa were collected, encompassing the distribution of the species in Mexico.

Study site and years of study. Mexico, 2009-2010.

Results. Acorn length, width, mass and volume differed significantly among populations and indicated a marked clinal latitudinal reduction in acorn size. A multiple regression model revealed that this reduction in size (measured as acorn volume) can be explained by two important bioclimatic variables (growing season precipitation and growing season degree-days above 5 °C), while spatial variables (latitude and longitude) are not significant. Furthermore, germination percentage was significantly correlated to acorn mass and volume.

Conclusions. The main determinants of the latitudinal decline in acorn size are climate factors constraining seed development. This decline is maladaptive for seedling establishment, with important implications for the delination of northern limits of species ranges.
A diversity world record in a grassland at Oaxaca, Mexico
Authors: Martorell Carlos , Zepeda Verónica , Martínez-Blancas Alejandra , García-Meza Diego , Pedraza Fernando
Published: March 2017

Background: Plant richness world-records have been reported to occur either in tropical rainforests, or, at smaller spatial scales, in chronically disturbed grasslands. The tight relationship between scale and record richness suggests that there is an unyielding limit to diversity.

Hypotheses: If such limit exists, current records should hardly be beaten. Chronic disturbance in grasslands allows richness to approach the limit.

Studied species: All vascular plants at the study site.

Study site and years of study: A natural, semiarid grassland at Concepción Buenavista, Oaxaca, Mexico, in 2012 and 2014.

Methods: At 21 sites we recorded species richness in randomly sampled 0.1 × 0.1 m quadrats, and measured chronic disturbance caused by different agents. We estimated the maximum richness at each site through maximum likelihood. At one site we searched for high richness quadrats.

Results: The study site shares the current world record of plant richness at the 0.1 × 0.1 m scale with 25 species. The estimated maximum diversity at each site decreased with land degradation, but had a maximum at intermediate-high levels of livestock activity.

Conclusions: Our results support the idea of a hard limit to species richness, and thus theories of plant coexistence that envisage such limit. Our study site shares attributes with other record-holding grasslands, such as severe resource limitations and chronic disturbance by ungulates, suggesting that these conditions promote high species richness. We hope that, by reporting this diversity record, we also help to change the notion that Mexican grasslands are secondary communities having a negligible biological value.
To assess the effects of platelet rich plasma application on pain in osteoarthritis knee
Authors: Kadam Rahul , Agrawal Ankit , Chhallani Abhay , Pandhare Santosh , Gupta Abhishek , Sawant Ritesh
Published: March 2017

Background: Platelet rich plasma (PRP) is a concentrate extract of platelets from autologous blood. It is known to increase growth factor of plasma and helps to heal the injured tissue. Platelet-rich plasma (PRP) is an autologous biologic treatment including patients own plasma, containing growth factors released from platelets. The rationale for the use of PRP is to stimulate the natural healing cascade and tissue regeneration by an increase release of platelet-derived factors directly at the site of treatment. This study is done to assess the effects of platelet rich plasma application on pain in osteoarthritis knee.

Methods: Total of 40 cases was included in this study (18 male and 22 females) with mean age of 57.3 (Range 35-75). All patients received intra-articular PRP injection. This study was conducted on the patients coming to orthopaedic department at MGM medical college and hospital, Navi Mumbai.

Results: In this study it was found that there is decrease in pain on vas pain score, with increasing time. We followed up the patients for period of 3 months. We found that average mean VAS score was decreased from 6.0 to 4.13 after follow up of 3 months after a single dose of intra-articular PRP injection.

Conclusions: PRP is an effective treatment for pain in OA knee. It is one of the new approaches in the field of orthopaedics to solve the issues of pain management.
Value of exposure: External postings of plastic surgery trainees in India
Authors: Bamal Rahul , Mandal Amrita
Published: March 2017

The medical education system in India is not perfect and recent developments have again raised questions about the working and conduct of the Medical Council of India. There are loud calls for standardization and, in the midst of this chaos, there are always people who strive for excellence, who try to absorb knowledge at every opportunity and who can burst onto the mega screen anytime. Our aim should be to provide them with the congenial environment in which they can flourish.
El papel de la gestión territorial en la ubicación de rellenos sanitarios. Caso de estudio: relleno sanitario Doña Juana, Bogotá, Colombia
Authors: Quintero Torres Diana Isabel
Published: March 2017

La ubicación de los rellenos sanitarios debe ser el resultado de un ejercicio de gestión territorial. Por tanto, es función de los Planes de Ordenamiento Territorial (POT), el analizar la aptitud de los territorios para albergar estas infraestructuras, no solo desde la perspectiva física, sino desde una visión integral. Como hipótesis se plantea que la ubicación del relleno Doña Juana no fue consecuencia de una planificación territorial, sino que obedeció a intereses particulares, lo cual ha sido avalado por los POT Bogotanos. Como metodología, se hizo uso de técnicas de análisis documental, observación no participativa, historias de vida, encuestas y entrevistas a agentes relacionados con este relleno sanitario. Como conclusiones, no solo se corroboró la tesis planteada, sino que se percibió debilidades en América Latina frente al emplazamiento de estos sitios de disposición, en especial porque se ha adjudicado esta responsabilidad a entidades carentes de una visión integral del territorio.
Proceso migratorio de la comunidad del cabildo Nasa Uka Wesx Thäj: factores, trayectorias espaciales y temporalidades
Authors: Núñez Basante Pamela , Talaga Castro Liliana
Published: March 2017

La población indígena de Colombia ha adoptado nuevas formas de movilidad en las últimas décadas a causa del desplazamiento forzado y la búsqueda de oportunidades tanto laborales como educativas. Este artículo fue desarrollado en el ámbito de la comunidad indígena Nasa perteneciente al cabildo Uka Wesx Tháj, oriundos del departamento del Cauca y ubicado actualmente en la zona de ladera suroccidental de la ciudad de Santiago de Cali, Valle del Cauca. El enfoque metodológico utilizado se basa en técnicas cualitativas, a través de entrevistas a profundidad e investigaciones de acción participativa. El objetivo fundamental de este estudio consistió en analizar el proceso migratorio por parte de la comunidad indígena en el camino hacia la legalización del cabildo, como proceso de reivindicación y fortalecimiento cultural desde el año 2010 hasta la actualidad. El proceso migratorio se dio a través de redes familiares influenciadas por la búsqueda de oportunidades tanto laborales como educativas además del desplazamiento forzado provocado por las olas de violencia que se dieron lugar en el Departamento del Cauca.
La inmigración indocumentada por países de tránsito, nuevo paradigma de los sistemas migratorios: el caso de México y Marruecos
Authors: Morales-Cardiel Jorge Antonio
Published: March 2017

La principal motivación de este trabajo parte de la intensión de comprender el estado actual en que se encuentran la migración indocumentada en los países de tránsito, a través de la teoría de los sistemas migratorios, en específico de México y Marruecos. Un dilema que tiene su origen en la irregularidad normativa del inmigrante indocumentado, que se traduce en la ausencia de condiciones legales de las personas que deciden trasladarse fuera de las fronteras nacionales, por la carga implícita que posee la inmigración indocumentada o no autorizada de incumplir con los requisitos del país de tránsito y de destino. Una consigna que, más allá del célebre derecho humano universal a la libre movilidad, arroja una cuestión sobre si en efecto existe la intención de dotar de los derechos más elementales al inmigrante durante el tránsito hacia su destino.
Páginas preliminares
Authors: Preliminares Páginas
Published: March 2017

Escuela de Posgrado en Geografía
Guía para autores
Authors: Geográfica Perspectiva
Published: March 2017

Escuela de Posgrados en Geografía
Neoliberalism and education: A reformational-pedagogical perspective (part 1)
Authors: van der Walt Johannes
Published: March 2017

This article forms yet another link in a series of studies and publications from the pens (computers) of South African reformational educationists regarding the so-called –isms deemed to be threats to the Christian (Biblical) orientation to education (including teaching and learning). In this, the first part of the article, a brief overview is given of how these reformational educationists have so far responded to the various “-isms” that they perceived to be threats or challenges to Christian education. This is followed by an attempt to define the concept “neoliberalism” and to indicate what it means in general, and in particular, in the educational context. This part of the article paves the way for a critical analysis of neoliberalism as a “philosophy of education” and of its transcendental preconditions in the second part. Key concepts: liberalism, neoliberalism, education, Christian education, teaching and learning, philosophical preconditions, transcendental foundations Opsomming Die neoliberalisme en opvoeding en onderwys: ‘n reformatories-pedagogiese perspektief (deel 1) Hierdie artikel is ‘n verdere skakel in ‘n reeks studies en publikasies uit die penne (rekenaars) van Suid-Afrikaanse reformatoriese opvoedkundiges wat verband hou met die sogenaamde –ismes wat hulle beskou het as bedreiginge vir die Christelike (Bybelse) siening oor opvoeding (insluitend onderwys in die sin van onderrig en leer). In hierdie deel van die artikel word eerstens ‘n kort oorsig gegee oor hoe die reformatoriese opvoedkundiges tot dusver te werk gegaan het om die “-ismes” wat hulle beskou het as bedreigings vir, of as uitdagings aan die Christelike opvoeding en onderwys, aan die kaak te stel. Dit word gevolg deur ‘n poging om die begrip “neoliberalisme” te omskryf en te stel wat dit breedweg impliseer, veral in ‘n opvoedkundige konteks. Hierdie deel van die artikel berei die weg voor vir ‘n kritiese ontleding van neoliberalisme as ‘n “opvoedingsfilosofie” en van sy transendentale voorwaardes in die tweede deel van die artikel. Kernbegrippe: liberalisme, neoliberalisme, opvoeding, onderwys, Christelike opvoeding en onderwys, onderrig en leer, filosofiese uitgangspunte, transendentale grondslae
Neoliberalism and education: A reformational-pedagogical perspective (part 2)
Authors: van der Walt Johannes
Published: March 2017

This is the second part of an article that forms a link in a series of studies and publications from the pens (computers) of reformational educationists regarding the so-called –isms deemed to be threats to the Christian (Biblical) orientation to education (including teaching and learning). In the first part, an overview was given of how reformational educationists have so far attended to the various “-isms” that they perceived as threats or challenges to Christian education. This was followed by an attempt to define the concept “neoliberalism” and to indicate what it means in general and, in particular, for education. The first part of the article has paved the way for what follows here: a critical analysis of neoliberalism as a recognisable “philosophy of education” and of its transcendental preconditions.

Opsomming

Die neoliberalisme en opvoeding en onderwys: ‘n reformatories-pedagogiese perspektief (deel 2)

Hierdie is die tweede deel van ‘n artikel wat ‘n skakel vorm in ‘n reeks artikels en publikasies uit die penne (rekenaars) van reformatoriese opvoedkundiges oor die sogenaamde –ismes wat hulle geag het bedreiginge te wees vir die Christelike (Bybelse) benadering tot opvoeding (insluitend onderrig en leer). In die eerste deel van die artikel is ‘n oorsig gegee van hoe die reformatoriese opvoedkundiges dusver aandag geskenk het aan die “-ismes” wat hulle gemeen het sodanige gevare vir die Chrsitelike opvoeding inhou, of uitdagings daaraan rig. Dit is opgevolg deur ‘n poging om die begrip “neoliberalisme” te omskryf en aan te dui wat dit in die algemeen beteken, dog ook in die besonder vir opvoeding en onderwys. Die eerste deel van die artikel het die weg voorberei vir wat nou hier aangepak word, naamlik om ‘n kritiese ontleding aan te bied van neoliberalisme as ‘n herkenbare “opvoedingsfilosofie” en van die transendentale voorwaardes daarvan.
GESTÃO AMBIENTAL- O CASO DA GRANDE EMPRESA VERDE
Authors: Santos Steffen Denise , Weyh Cênio Back , Reis Helenice Rodrigues
Published: March 2017

Este artigo procura demonstrar a importância do conceito de sustentabilidade nas organizações. Em um breve histórico até os dias atuais, relata as etapas de sua implementação através de grandes discussões e procura destacar seu impacto no cenário mundial.  Em sequência, problematiza e elenca as práticas de gestão ambiental e os indicadores utilizados de uma grande organização verde do setor metal mecânico.  Apresenta uma grande empresa verde assumindo o compromisso e responsabilidade de demonstrar, não somente ao consumidor final, mas as pequenas empresas, fornecedoras do seu setor, exemplos de práticas sustentáveis, buscando, assim, maior valor de negócio em toda a cadeia produtiva do setor.  O propósito do artigo é contribuir para comunicação e a utilização de ações gestão ambiental e posteriormente de marketing integradas como forma de agregar valor de negócio às organizações.
PROGRAMA NACIONAL DE ALIMENTAÇÃO ESCOLAR –PNAE: UM INCENTIVO À INOVAÇÃO DA AGRICULTURA FAMILIAR EM DOM PEDRITO-RS
Authors: Guterres Lael Pereira , Reisdorfer Vitor Kochhann , Haas Jaqueline Mallmann , Salla Neusa Maria Gonçalves
Published: March 2017

Este artigo apresenta resultados da pesquisa realizada junto à Associação Pedritense dos Produtores de Hortifrutigranjeiros (APPH), que envolve agricultores locais da cidade de Dom Pedrito-RS, participantes do Programa Nacional de Alimentação Escolar - PNAE, fornecendo hortifrutigranjeiros à rede escolar municipal. Levou-se em consideração neste estudo o impacto gerado pela Lei Federal nº 11.947 de 16 de junho de 2009, que regulamenta a aquisição de produtos da agricultura familiar para a merenda escolar. Também buscou-se elencar que contribuições em termos de incentivo à inovação tecnológica este programa trouxe à agricultura familiar do município, e para que se enquadrassem às suas exigências se houve mudanças efetivas nos participantes do referido programa. Para tanto utilizou-se como metodologia de estudo a aplicação de um questionário para levantamento de dados aos produtores associados à APPH vinculados ao município através do PNAE. Ao finalizar este estudo concluiu-se que apesar de não ter havido significativas inovações tecnológicas após a inserção desses produtores no programa, este serviu como ferramenta de conscientização de que inovar é decisivo para manter a agricultura familiar na atividade.
Palestra - CONTROLADORIA: FUNÇÕES E DESENVOLVIMENTO
Authors: Lunkes Rogério João
Published: March 2017

Palestra no I CIGECO.
ESTRATÉGIA ORGANIZACIONAL: DA ESCOLA DO APRENDIZADO ÀS ORGANIZAÇÕES QUE APRENDEM
Authors: Henz Ligia
Published: March 2017

A estratégia acompanha o homem ao longo de sua história,e vem evoluindo, da mesma forma que a inteligência humana. Encontramos na literaturaalgumas vertentes estratégicas, denominadas escolas, dentre as quais a escola doaprendizado, onde acredita-se que a estratégia pode surgir de qualquer lugar daorganização, o estrategista pode ser um indivíduo ou um grupo, e onde o mais importanteé a solução, e não uma estratégia inteligente. Da escola do aprendizado deriva oconceito de Organizações que Aprendem, que trata da agregação do conhecimento eda contínua busca deste. Revisou-se a literatura, a fim de aprofundar o conhecimentoe ampliar o entendimento a respeito do tema.