bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Distribution and habitat associations of the endangered Oxleyan pygmy perch, Nannoperca oxleyana Whitley, in eastern Australia
Authors: Knight James T. , Arthington Angela H.
Published: April 2008

Detailed knowledge of habitat requirements is particularly relevant to the conservation of rare and threatened fish species because habitat fragmentation and loss are usually the major threats to species with limited distributions and restricted habitat requirements, and habitat restoration is typically the first step in species' recovery plans. This paper documents the macro‐, meso‐ and microhabitat habitat associations of a small threatened percichthyid, the Oxleyan pygmy perch, Nannoperca oxleyana, in south‐eastern Queensland and north‐eastern New South Wales (NSW), Australia.

The species' range encompasses approximately 530 km of coastline from Coongul Creek on Fraser Island, Queensland (25° 16′S, 153° 09′E) south to Tick Gate Swamp near the township of Wooli, NSW (29° 54′S, 153° 15′E). It is confined primarily to dystrophic, acidic, freshwater systems draining through sandy coastal lowlands and Banksia ‐ dominated heath ecosystems.

Both lentic and lotic environments provide habitat for N. oxleyana but the species is found only in slow‐flowing pools and backwaters of river channels and tributaries as well as in swampy drainages, lakes, ponds and dams.

Trapping studies found that an abundance of structural aquatic habitat was a defining microhabitat feature either in the form of beds of emergent or submerged plants or the presence of steep/undercut banks fringed with the semi‐submerged branches and fine rootlets of riparian vegetation. When present, leaf litter and snags also provided cover.

Recent and historical survey data suggest that human activities have had a significant influence on contemporary species presence/absence patterns and may have been responsible for the prominent gaps within the Queensland‐NSW distribution of N. oxleyana.

The distinctive relationships of N. oxleyana with features of aquatic habitat at the macro‐, meso‐ and microhabitat scale demonstrate principles applicable to any study focused on the conservation of an endangered fish species.

Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Temporal Changes of Astrocyte Activation and Glutamate Transporter‐1 Expression in the Spinal Cord After Spinal Nerve Ligation‐Induced Neuropathic Pain
Authors: Wang Wei , Wang Wen , Wang Yayun , Huang Jing , Wu Shengxi , Li Yun‐Qing
Published: April 2008

Astrocyte activation is involved in the neuropathic pain. As a glutamate scavenger, the glutamate transporter‐1 (GLT‐1) is exclusively expressed on the astrocytes and probably correlates with astrocyte activation. In the present study, we attempted to clarify the temporal changing courses of astrocyte activation and GLT‐1 expression, as well as their correlations induced by a neuropathic pain model, namely, spinal nerve ligation (SNL) in which rapidly appearing (<3 days) and persistent (>21 days) mechanical allodynia and thermal hyperalgesia were presented. Immunofluorescent staining showed that GLT‐1 was expressed exclusively in most (not all) of the astrocytes, even when the GLT‐1 expression reached its peak. The expression of GLT‐1 displayed an interesting biphasic change, with an initial up‐regulation followed by a down‐regulation after SNL. Our results also demonstrated that SNL induced a marked and long‐term (>21 days) activation of astrocytes in the ipsilateral spinal dorsal horn. These results suggest that astrocyte activation, the change of GLT‐1 expression and the potential relationship between them might play key roles in the induction and/or maintenance of neuropathic pain. The present results provide novel clues in understanding the mechanisms underlying the involvement of astrocytes and GLT‐1 in the neuropathic pain. Anat Rec, 291:513–518, 2008. © 2008 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Claudin‐5 is Restricted to the Tight Junction Region of Uterine Epithelial Cells in the Uterus of Pregnant/Gravid Squamate Reptiles
Authors: Biazik Joanna M. , Thompson Michael B. , Murphy Christopher R.
Published: April 2008

Claudin‐5, a tight junctional protein associated with ion and size selectivity, has been found in the uterus of skinks. This study has generated critical information about the molecular assembly of the tight junction at various stages of the reproductive cycle in the skink uterus. Recent studies looking at tight junctional proteins found occludin expression in the tight junction region of uterine epithelial cells in the skink uterus; however, occludin did not disclose any further information about the ions and size of ions permeating across the paracellular pathway. A ∼22‐kDa claudin‐5 band was detected in the uterus of the skinks present in this study and immunohistochemistry revealed that claudin‐5 redistributes to the tight junction region of the lateral plasma membrane of uterine epithelial cells in late stage pregnancy/gravidity. This finding indicates that the tight junction becomes more assembled to precisely regulate ion and solute permeation in late stage pregnancy/gravidity. Claudin‐5 with its functional role as a molecular sieve due to the formation of ion and size selective pores suggests that permeation of ions smaller than 0.8 kDa are restricted when claudin‐5 is redistributed to the tight junction region of the later plasma membrane. This report is the first description of the molecular mechanisms that may be involved in regulating nutrient provision in the reptilian uterus. Anat Rec, 291:547–556, 2008. © 2008 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Differential Expression of the Tight Junction Proteins, Claudin‐1, Claudin‐4, Occludin, ZO‐1, and PAR3, in the Ameloblasts of Rat Upper Incisors
Authors: Inai Tetsuichiro , Sengoku Akihito , Hirose Eiji , Iida Hiroshi , Shibata Yosaburo
Published: April 2008

Tight junctions (TJs) create a paracellular permeability barrier to restrict the passage of ions, small solutes, and water. Ameloblasts are enamel‐forming cells that sequentially differentiate into preameloblasts, secretory, transition, and ruffle‐ended and smooth‐ended maturation ameloblasts (RAs and SAs). TJs are located at the proximal and distal ends of ameloblasts. TJs at the distal ends of secretory ameloblasts and RAs are well‐developed zonula occludens, but other TJs are moderately developed but incomplete zonula occludens (ZO) or less‐developed macula occludens. We herein examined the immunofluorescence localization of TJ proteins, 10 claudin isoforms, occludin, ZO‐1, and PAR3, a cell polarity‐related protein, in ameloblasts of rat upper incisors. ZO‐1 and claudin‐1 were detected at both ends of all ameloblasts except for the distal ends of SAs. Claudin‐4 and occludin were detected at both ends of transition and maturation ameloblasts except for the distal ends of SAs. PAR3 was detected at the proximal TJs of all ameloblasts and faintly at the distal TJs of early RAs. These results indicate that functional zonula occludens formed at the distal ends of the secretory ameloblasts and RAs consisted of different TJ proteins. Therefore, the distal TJs of secretory ameloblasts and RAs may differentially regulate the paracellular permeability to create a microenvironment suitable for enamel deposition and enamel maturation, respectively. In addition, PAR3 may be principally involved in the formation and maintenance of the proximal, but not distal, TJs. Anat Rec, 291:577–585, 2008. © 2008 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Complete Nucleotide Sequence of a Coxsackievirus B4 Strain that Establishes Infection in ICR Mice Pancreas and Induces Glucose Intolerance
Authors: Zhou Mi , Li Fan
Published: April 2008

Some coxsackievirus B serotypes are potentially diabetogenic. Previous studies revealed that the virulence and the tissue damage varied with the genetics of the virus strain as well as with the genetics of the mice. A single amino acid variation can alter virulence and tropism in both murine and in vitro models. However, the genetic determinants of this phenomenon have not been determined. In this study, infections with a laboratory strain of coxsackievirus B4 resulted in a diabetes‐like syndrome in ICR mice, characterized by chronic pancreatic inflammation together with dysregulation in glucose metabolism, loss of pancreatic acinar tissue and persistent infection in islets. To characterize the genetic determinants involved in the mouse pancreas adaptation, the laboratory strain of coxsackievirus B4 was cloned for molecular characterization. Comparing the whole genome sequence of this virus strain with the other coxsackievirus B4 strains revealed some differences. Altogether 15 nucleotides were changed, resulting in 10 amino acid substitutions, which might be responsible for the pathogenic phenotype of this strain in mice. Anat Rec, 291:601–609, 2008. © 2008 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Rhodium‐Catalyzed Oxidative Coupling between Salicylaldehydes and Internal Alkynes with CH Bond Cleavage To Produce 2,3‐Disubstituted Chromones
Authors: Shimizu Masaki , Tsurugi Hayato , Satoh Tetsuya , Miura Masahiro
Published: April 2008

A direct oxidative coupling of salicylaldehydes with internal alkynes proceeds efficiently with cleavage of the aldehyde CH bond to produce the corresponding chromone derivatives. A rhodium catalyst in combination with a cyclopentadiene ligand and a copper oxidant promote this straightforward annulation reaction. Solid‐state luminescence was observed for certain chromone products.
Effect of Da‐Cheng‐Qi decoction on the pharmacokinetics of ranitidine in rats
Authors: Tang Wen‐Fu , Wan Mei‐Hua , Huang Qiao‐Rong , Zhu Zheng‐Yan , Zhao Jiang‐Lei , Wu Yi‐Zhi , Huang Xi
Published: April 2008

Da Cheng Qi decoction (DCQD) is composed of Dahuang, Houpu, Zhishi and Mangxiao. It is a formula created under the theory of Chinese medicine to purge the ‘evil heat’ in the gastrointestitinal tract, which arises from the ileus and acute pancreatitis. The present study was conducted to evaluate the herb–drug interaction between DCQD and ranitidine, which are often co‐administered in clinical practice. Ranitidine was administered orally alone or together with DCQD to rats, and plasma ranitidine concentrations were measured by HPLC. Following oral administration, ranitidine plasma levels revealed curves characterized by peaks at 1.8 and 4.2 h corresponding to ranitidine alone and ranitidine with DCQD at mean concentrations of 16.315 and 1.455 µg/mL, respectively. After ranitidine was orally dosed alone or with DCQD, the half‐lives were 1.787 and 3.758 h, while the area under the concentration–time curve (0–12 h) was 28.083 and 9.826 µg/L h, respectively, suggesting that DCQD might significantly affect the pharmacokinetics of ranitidine in rats. When physicians or pharmacists administer DCQD and ranitidine, they must make a careful effort to adjust the dosage of the drug and Chinese decoction, or avoid the herb–drug co‐administration. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Simultaneous determination of naringenin and hesperetin in rats after oral administration of Da‐Cheng‐Qi decoction by high‐performance liquid chromatography–tandem mass spectrometry
Authors: Liu Ying , Xu Fengguo , Zhang Zunjian , Song Rui , Tian Yuan
Published: April 2008

To quantify naringenin and hesperetin in rat plasma after oral administration of Da‐Cheng‐Qi decoction, a famous purgative traditional Chinese medicine, a high‐performance liquid chromatography–tandem mass spectrometry method was developed and validated. The HPLC separation was carried out on a Zorbax SB‐C18 column using 0.1% formic acid–methanol as mobile phase and estazolam as internal standard after the sample of rat plasma had been cleaned up with one‐step protein precipitation using methanol. Atmospheric pressure chemical ionization in the positive ion mode and selected reaction monitoring method was developed to determine the active components. This method was validated in terms of recovery, linearity, accuracy and precision (intra‐ and inter‐batch variation). The recoveries of naringenin and hesperetin were 72.8–76.6 and 75.7–77.2%, respectively. Linearity in rat plasma was observed over the range of 0.5–250 ng/mL (r2 > 0.99) for both naringenin and hesperetin. The accuracy and precision were well within the acceptable range and the relative standard deviation of the measured rat plasma samples was less than 15% (n = 5). The validated method was successfully applied for the evaluation of the pharmacokinetics of naringenin and hesperetin administered to six rats. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Expression of tropane alkaloids in the hairy root culture of Atropa acuminata substantiated by DART mass spectrometric technique
Authors: Banerjee Suchitra , Madhusudanan K. P. , Chattopadhyay Sunil K. , Rahman Laiq Ur , Khanuja Suman P. S.
Published: April 2008

Agrobacterium rhizogenes‐mediated ‘hairy root’ cultures were established in Atropa acuminata. The chemical profiling of the hairy roots was carried out by a new mass spectrometric technique, direct analysis in real time (DART). The intact hairy roots were directly analyzed by holding them in the gap between the DART ion source and mass spectrometer. Two alkaloids, atropine and scopolamine, were characterized. The structural confirmation of the two alkaloids was made through their accurate molecular formula determinations. This is the first report of establishing hairy roots in A. acuminata as well as application of the DART technique for the chemical profiling of its hairy roots. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Identification of Trinucleotide Repeat Ligands with a FRET Melting Assay
Authors: Amrane Samir , De Cian Anne , Rosu Frédéric , Kaiser Markus , De Pauw Edwin , Teulade‐Fichou Marie‐Paule , Mergny Jean‐Louis
Published: April 2008

DNA hairpin structures formed within a repeated tract might be a causative factor for triplet expansion observed in several debilitating diseases. We have designed and used a fluorescence resonance energy transfer (FRET) melting assay to screen for ligands that bind specifically to the CNG triplet repeats. Using this assay, we screened a panel of 33 chemicals that were previously designed to bind DNA or RNA secondary structures. Remarkably, we found that macrocyclic compounds, such as acridine dimers and trimers, exhibit interesting affinities and specificities for this motif.
Four Generations of Water‐Soluble Dendrimers with 9 to 243 Benzoate Tethers: Synthesis and Dendritic Effects on Their Ion Pairing with Acetylcholine, Benzyltriethylammonium, and Dopamine in Water
Authors: Boisselier Elodie , Ornelas Cátia , Pianet Isabelle , Aranzaes Jaime Ruiz , Astruc Didier
Published: April 2008

Water‐soluble benzoate‐terminated dendrimers of four generations (from G0 with 9 branches to G3 with 243 branches) were synthesized and fully characterized. They form water‐soluble assemblies by ion‐pairing interactions with three cations of medicinal interest (acetylcoline, benzyltriethylammonium, and dopamine), which were characterized and investigated by 1H NMR spectroscopy, whereas such interactions do not provoke any significant shift of 1H NMR signals with the monomeric benzoate anion. The calculated association constants confirm that the dendritic carboxylate termini reversibly form ion pairs and aggregates. Diffusion coefficients and hydrodynamic diameters of the dendrimers, as well as changes thereof on interaction with the cations, were evaluated by DOSY experiments. The lack of increase of dendrimer size on addition of the cations and the upfield shifts of the 1H NMR signals of the cation indicate encapsulation within the hydrophobic dendrimer interiors together with probable backfolding of the benzoate termini.
High‐Throughput Kinetic Study of Hydrogenation over Palladium Nanoparticles: Combination of Reaction and Analysis
Authors: Trapp Oliver , Weber Sven K. , Bauch Sabrina , Bäcker Tobias , Hofstadt Werner , Spliethoff Bernd
Published: April 2008

The hydrogenation of 1‐acetylcyclohexene, cyclohex‐2‐enone, nitrobenzene, and trans‐methylpent‐3‐enoate catalyzed by highly active palladium nanoparticles was studied by high‐throughput on‐column reaction gas chromatography. In these experiments, catalysis and separation of educts and products is integrated by the use of a catalytically active gas chromatographic stationary phase, which allows reaction rate measurements to be efficiently performed by employing reactant libraries. Palladium nanoparticles embedded in a stabilizing polysiloxane matrix serve as catalyst and selective chromatographic stationary phase for these multiphase reactions (gas–liquid–solid) and are coated in fused‐silica capillaries (inner diameter 250 μm) as a thin film of thickness 250 nm. The palladium nanoparticles were prepared by reduction of palladium acetate with hydridomethylsiloxane–dimethylsiloxane copolymer and self‐catalyzed hydrosilylation with methylvinylsiloxane–dimethylsiloxane copolymer to obtain a stabilizing matrix. Diphenylsiloxane–dimethylsiloxane copolymer (GE SE 52) was added to improve film stability over a wide range of compositions. Herein, we show by systematic TEM investigations that the size and morphology (crystalline or amorphous) of the nanoparticles strongly depends on the ratio of the stabilizing polysiloxanes, the conditions to immobilize the stationary phase on the surface of the fused‐silica capillary, and the loading of the palladium precursor. Furthermore, hydrogenations were performed with these catalytically active stationary phases between 60 and 100 °C at various contact times to determine the temperature‐dependent reaction rate constants and to obtain activation parameters and diffusion coefficients.
Is the μ‐Oxo‐μ‐Peroxodiiron Intermediate of a Ribonucleotide Reductase Biomimetic a Possible Oxidant of Epoxidation Reactions?
Authors: de Visser Sam P.
Published: April 2008

Density functional calculations on a μ‐oxo‐μ‐peroxodiiron complex (1) with a tetrapodal ligand BPP (BPP=N,N‐bis(2‐pyridylmethyl)‐3‐aminopropionate) are presented that is a biomimetic of the active site region of ribonucleotide reductase (RNR). We have studied all low‐lying electronic states and show that it has close‐lying broken‐shell singlet and undecaplet (S=0, 5) ground states with essentially two sextet spin iron atoms. In strongly distorted electronic systems in which the two iron atoms have different spin states, the peroxo group moves considerably out of the plane of the μ‐oxodiiron group due to orbital rearrangements. The calculated absorption spectra of 1,111 are in good agreement with experimental studies on biomimetics and RNR enzyme systems. Moreover, vibrational shifts in the spectrum due to 18O2 substitution of the oxygen atoms in the peroxo group follow similar trends as experimental observations. To identify whether the μ‐oxo‐μ‐1,2‐peroxodiiron or the μ‐oxo‐μ‐1,1‐peroxodiiron complexes are able to epoxidize substrates, we studied the reactivity patterns versus propene. Generally, the reactions are stepwise via radical intermediates and proceed by two‐state reactivity patterns on competing singlet and undecaplet spin state surfaces. However, both the μ‐oxo‐μ‐1,2‐peroxodiiron and μ‐oxo‐μ‐1,1‐peroxodiiron complex are sluggish oxidants with high epoxidation barriers. The epoxidation barriers for the μ‐oxo‐μ‐1,1‐peroxodiiron complex are significantly lower than the ones for the μ‐oxo‐μ‐1,2‐peroxodiiron complex but still are too high to be considered for catalytic properties. Thus, theory has ruled out two possible peroxodiiron catalysts as oxidants in RNR enzymes and biomimetics and the quest to find the actual oxidant in the enzyme mechanism continues.
Role of the NH2 Functionality and Solvent in Terdentate CNN Alkoxide Ruthenium Complexes for the Fast Transfer Hydrogenation of Ketones in 2‐Propanol
Authors: Baratta Walter , Ballico Maurizio , Esposito Gennaro , Rigo Pierluigi
Published: April 2008

The reaction of [RuCl(CNN)(dppb)] (1; HCNN=6‐(4‐methylphenyl)‐2‐pyridylmethylamine) with NaOiPr in 2‐propanol/C6D6 affords the alcohol adduct alkoxide [Ru(OiPr)(CNN)(dppb)]⋅n iPrOH (5), containing the RuNH2 linkage. The alkoxide [Ru(OiPr)(CNN)(dppb)] (4) is formed by treatment of the hydride [Ru(H)(CNN)(dppb)] (2) with acetone in C6D6. Complex 5 in 2‐propanol/C6D6 equilibrates quickly with hydride 2 and acetone with an exchange rate of (5.4±0.2) s−1 at 25 °C, higher than that found between 4 and 2 ((2.9±0.4) s−1). This fast process, involving a β‐hydrogen elimination versus ketone insertion into the RuH bond, occurs within a hydrogen‐bonding network favored by the RuNH2 motif. The cationic alcohol complex [Ru(CNN)(dppb)(iPrOH)](BArf4) (6; Arf=3,5‐C6H3(CF3)2), obtained from 1, Na[BArf4], and 2‐propanol, reacts with NaOiPr to afford 5. Complex 5 reacts with either 4,4′‐difluorobenzophenone through hydride 2 or with 4,4′‐difluorobenzhydrol through protonation, affording the alkoxide [Ru{OCH(4‐C6H4F)2}(CNN)(dppb)] (7) in 90 and 85 % yield of the isolated product. The chiral CNN–ruthenium compound [RuCl(CNN){(S,S)‐Skewphos}] (8), obtained by the reaction of [RuCl2(PPh3)3] with (S,S)‐Skewphos and orthometalation of HCNN in the presence of NEt3, is a highly active catalyst for the enantioselective transfer hydrogenation of methylaryl ketones (turnover frequencies (TOFs) of up to 1.4×106 h−1 at reflux were obtained) with up to 89 % ee. Also the ketone CF3CO(4‐C6H4F), containing the strong electron‐withdrawing CF3 group, is reduced to the R alcohol with 64 % ee and a TOF of 1.5×104 h−1. The chiral alkoxide [Ru(OiPr)(CNN){(S,S)‐Skewphos}]⋅n iPrOH (9), obtained from 8 and NaOiPr in the presence of 2‐propanol, reacts with CF3CO(4‐C6H4F) to afford a mixture of the diastereomer alkoxides [Ru{OCH(CF3)(4‐C6H4F)}(CNN){(S,S)‐Skewphos}] (10/11; 74 % yield) with 67 % de. This value is very close to the enantiomeric excess of the alcohol (R)‐CF3CH(OH)(4‐C6H4F) formed in catalysis, thus suggesting that diastereoisomeric alkoxides with the RuNH2 linkage are key species in the catalytic asymmetric transfer hydrogenation reaction.
Serine Hydroxymethyl Transferase from Streptococcus thermophilus and L‐Threonine Aldolase from Escherichia coli as Stereocomplementary Biocatalysts for the Synthesis of β‐Hydroxy‐α,ω‐diamino Acid Derivatives
Authors: Gutierrez Mariana L. , Garrabou Xavier , Agosta Eleonora , Servi Stefano , Parella Teodor , Joglar Jesús , Clapés Pere
Published: April 2008

A novel serine hydroxymethyl transferase from Streptococcus thermophilus (SHMT) and a L‐threonine aldolase from Escherichia coli (LTA) were used as stereocomplementary biocatalysts for the aldol addition of glycine to N‐Cbz amino aldehydes and benzyloxyacetaldehyde (Cbz=benzyloxycarbonyl). Both threonine aldolases were classified as low‐specific L‐allo‐threonine aldolases, and by manipulating reaction parameters, such as temperature, glycine concentration, and reaction media, SHMT yielded exclusively L‐erythro diastereomers in 34–60 % conversion, whereas LTA gave L‐threo diastereomers in 30:70 to 16:84 diastereomeric ratios and with 40–68 % conversion to product. SHMT is among the most stereoselective L‐threonine aldolases described. This is due, among other things, to its activity–temperature dependence: at 4 °C SHMT has high synthetic activity but negligible retroaldol activity on L‐threonine. Thus, the kinetic L‐erythro isomer was largely favored and the reactions were virtually irreversible, highly stereoselective, and in turn, gave excellent conversion. It was also found that treatment of the prepared N‐Cbz‐γ‐amino‐β‐hydroxy‐α‐amino acid derivatives with potassium hydroxide (1 m) resulted in the spontaneous formation of 2‐oxazolidinone derivatives of the β‐hydroxyl and γ‐amino groups in quantitative yield. This reaction might be useful for further chemical manipulations of the products.
A One‐Pot Synthesis of Constitutionally Unsymmetrical Rotaxanes Using Sequential CuI‐Catalyzed Azide–Alkyne Cycloadditions
Authors: Spruell Jason M. , Dichtel William R. , Heath James R. , Stoddart J. Fraser
Published: April 2008

A one‐pot sequential CuI‐catalyzed azide–alkyne cycloaddition (CuAAC) strategy is presented for the synthesis of constitutionally unsymmetrical cyclobis(paraquat‐p‐phenylene)‐based rotaxanes in good yields from simple starting materials. The methodology consists of performing multiple CuAAC reactions to stopper a pseudorotaxane in a stepwise manner, the order of which is controlled through silyl‐protection and AgI‐catalyzed deprotection of a terminal alkyne. The methodology is highlighted by the synthesis of an amphiphilic branched [4]rotaxane. The methodology increases the ability to access ever more complicated mechanically interlocked compounds to serve in devices as sophisticated and functional molecular machinery.
A General Method for the Rapid Synthesis of Hollow Metallic or Bimetallic Nanoelectrocatalysts with Urchinlike Morphology
Authors: Guo Shaojun , Dong Shaojun , Wang Erkang
Published: April 2008

We have reported a facile and general method for the rapid synthesis of hollow nanostructures with urchinlike morphology. In‐situ produced Ag nanoparticles can be used as sacrificial templates to rapidly synthesize diverse hollow urchinlike metallic or bimetallic (such as Au/Pt) nanostructures. It has been found that heating the solution at 100 °C during the galvanic replacement is very necessary for obtaining urchinlike nanostructures. Through changing the molar ratios of Ag to Pt, the wall thickness of hollow nanospheres can be easily controlled; through changing the diameter of Ag nanoparticles, the size of cavity of hollow nanospheres can be facilely controlled; through changing the morphologies of Ag nanostructures from nanoparticle to nanowire, hollow Pt nanotubes can be easily designed. This one‐pot approach can be extended to synthesize other hollow nanospheres such as Pd, Pd/Pt, Au/Pd, and Au/Pt. The features of this technique are that it is facile, quick, economical, and versatile. Most importantly, the hollow bimetallic nanospheres (Au/Pt and Pd/Pt) obtained here exhibit an area of greater electrochemical activity than other Pt hollow or solid nanospheres. In addition, the ≈6 nm hollow urchinlike Pt nanospheres can achieve a potential of up to 0.57 V for oxygen reduction, which is about 200 mV more positive than that obtained by using a ≈6 nm Pt nanoparticle modified glassy carbon (GC) electrode. Rotating ring‐disk electrode (RRDE) voltammetry demonstrates that ≈6 nm hollow Pt nanospheres can catalyze an almost four‐electron reduction of O2 to H2O in air‐saturated H2SO4 (0.5 M). Finally, compared to the ≈6 nm Pt nanoparticle catalyst, the ≈6 nm hollow urchinlike Pt nanosphere catalyst exhibits a superior electrocatalytic activity toward the methanol oxidation reaction at the same Pt loadings.
ChemInform Abstract: High‐Pressure Polymorphism as a Step Towards Destabilization of LiBH4.
Authors: Filinchuk Yaroslav , Chernyshov Dmitry , Nevidomskyy Andriy , Dmitriev Vladimir
Published: April 2008

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis, Crystal and Electronic Structure of Li13Ag5Si6, a Potential Anode for Li‐Ion Batteries.
Authors: Lacroix‐Orio Laurence , Tillard Monique , Belin Claude
Published: April 2008

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: A Simple and Novel Route for the Preparation of Chiral Sodium Zincophosphate.
Authors: Liao Sen , Wu Wen‐Wei , Sun Ya‐Bo , Song Bao‐Ling
Published: April 2008

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: A New Approach to Hg1‐xCdxTe: Syntheses, Crystal and Band Structures, and Optical Properties.
Authors: Zou Jian‐Ping , Wang Ming‐Sheng , Wu Ke‐Jun , Guo Guo‐Cong , Li Yan , Zhang Zhang‐Jing , Huang Jin‐Shun
Published: April 2008

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Facile Synthesis of the Tridecameric Al13 Nanocluster Al13(μ3‐OH)6 (μ2‐OH)18(H2O)24 (NO3)15.
Authors: Gatlin Jason T. , Mensinger Zachary L. , Zakharov Lev N. , MacInnes David , Johnson Darren
Published: April 2008

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Electrochemical Synthesis of Perovskites in the System K/Ba/Pr/Bi/O.
Authors: Oberndorfer C. P. M. , Konuma M. , Jansen M.
Published: April 2008

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Homologous Silver Bismuth Chalcogenide Halides (N,x)P. Part 3. The (4,x)P, (5,x)P and (7,x)P Structure Families of Modular Compounds with Tunable Composition and Structure.
Authors: Ruck Michael , Poudeu Pierre Ferdinand Poudeu
Published: April 2008

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Trivalent‐Intermediate Valent Cerium Ordering in Ce2RuZn4.
Authors: Mishra Ratikanta , Hermes Wilfried , Rodewald Ute Ch. , Hoffmann Rolf‐Dieter , Poettgen Rainer
Published: April 2008

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Diastereoselective Production of Homoallylic Alcohols Bearing Quaternary Centers from γ‐Substituted Allylic Indiums and Ketones.
Authors: Babu Srinivasarao Arulananda , Yasuda Makoto , Baba Akio
Published: April 2008

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Reliable and General Method for the Cleavage of α‐Arylheteroatom‐Substituted Carboxylic Acids.
Authors: Spurg Anke , Waldvogel Siegfried R.
Published: April 2008

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Novel Rearrangement of 1H‐2,3‐Benzoxazines to Cyclic N‐Acyl Hemiaminals: Application to the Synthesis of 1‐Arylnaphthalene Skeletal Congeners.
Authors: Zheng Xiu Fang , Wang Xiao Lei , Chang Jun Biao , Zhao Kang
Published: April 2008

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Microwave‐Assisted Kornblum Oxidation of Organic Halides.
Authors: Xu Gang , Wu Jian Ping , Ai Xin Miao , Yang Li Rong
Published: April 2008

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Activation of DMSO by Phosphonitrilic Chloride: An Efficient Method for Oxidation of Alcohols.
Authors: Pandey Sanjay K. , Bisai Alakesh , Singh Vinod K.
Published: April 2008

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Ionene‐Bound Borohydrides: Efficient, Selective, and Versatile Polymer‐Supported Reducing Agents.
Authors: Lakouraj Moslem M. , Tajbakhsh Mahmood , Mahalli Majid S.
Published: April 2008

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis of Sterically Hindered 1,3‐Diketones.
Authors: Nandurkar Nitin S. , Bhanushali Mayur J. , Patil Dinkar S. , Bhanage Bhalchandra M.
Published: April 2008

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis of N‐Heterocyclic Compounds via Ene—yne Metathesis Reactions.
Authors: Groaz Elisabetta , Banti Donatella , North Michael
Published: April 2008

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Alkyl Alk‐1‐enyl Alanes in Reissert‐Like Reaction.
Authors: Signore G. , Malanga C. , Menicagli R.
Published: April 2008

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Ultrasound‐Promoted Rapid Oxidative Cleavage Oximes with NaBrO3/Ion Exchange Resin.
Authors: Shaabani Ahmad , Rahmati Abbas , Naderi Soheila
Published: April 2008

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Reactions of Lithium Silylcuprates with Pyrazolium and Indazolium Salts.
Authors: Gonzalez‐Nogal Ana M. , Calle Mariola , Cuadrado Purificacion
Published: April 2008

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Convergent and Stereospecific Synthesis of Molecules Containing α‐Functionalized Guanidiniums via α‐Guanidino Acids.
Authors: Balakrishnan Shalini , Zhao Chen , Zondlo Neal J.
Published: April 2008

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: An Efficient Catalytic Protocol for the Pauson—Khand Reaction.
Authors: Blanco‐Urgoiti Jaime , Abdi Delbrin , Dominguez Gema , Perez‐Castells Javier
Published: April 2008

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis of Polysubstituted Cyclopentenones via [4 + 1] Reactions of TIPS‐Vinylketenes.
Authors: Li Zhi , Moser William H. , Deng Ruixue , Sun Liangdong
Published: April 2008

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: 4‐Hydroxy‐2‐quinolones. Part 125. Ethyl 3‐Bromo‐2,4‐dioxo‐1,2,3,4‐tetrahydroquinoline‐3‐carboxylates as Potential Brominating Agents.
Authors: Ukrainets I. V. , Sidorenko L. V. , Golovchenko O. S.
Published: April 2008

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Allylation and Vinylation of Aryl Radicals Generated from Diazonium Salts.
Authors: Heinrich Markus R. , Blank Olga , Ullrich Daniela , Kirschstein Marcel
Published: April 2008

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Palladium‐Catalyzed Decarboxylative sp3—sp3 Coupling of Nitrobenzene Acetic Esters.
Authors: Waetzig Shelli R. , Tunge Jon A.
Published: April 2008

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: One‐Pot Reductive Mono‐N‐alkylation of Aniline and Nitroarene Derivatives Using Aldehydes.
Authors: Byun Eunyoung , Hong Bomi , De Castro Kathlia A. , Lim Minkyung , Rhee Hakjune
Published: April 2008

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: ZrCl4/Hantzsch 1,4‐Dihydropyridine as a New and Efficient Reagent Combination for the Direct Reductive Amination of Aldehydes and Ketones with Weakly Basic Amines.
Authors: Liu Zhen Gang , Li Nan , Yang Li , Liu Zhong Li , Yu Wei
Published: April 2008

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Linear Polystyrene‐Anchored L‐Proline, New Recyclable Organocatalysts for the Aldol Reaction in the Presence of Water.
Authors: Liu Yu‐Xia , Sun Ya‐Nan , Tan Hao‐Han , Liu Wei , Tao Jing‐Chao
Published: April 2008

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: A Novel Reductive Ring‐Opening Reaction of Isoxazolidine to Form Functionalized 1,3‐Amino‐alcohol.
Authors: Zhang Hong Kui , Chan Wing Hong , Lee Albert W. M. , Xia Ping Fang , Wong Wai Yeung
Published: April 2008

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Homoallylic Ketones and Pyrroles by Way of Copper‐Catalyzed Cascade Additions of Alkyl‐Substituted Vinyl Grignard Reagents to Esters.
Authors: Doerr Aurelie A. , Lubell William D.
Published: April 2008

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: gem‐Dibromomethylarenes: A Convenient Substitute for Noncommercial Aldehydes in the Knoevenagel—Doebner Reaction for the Synthesis of α,β‐Unsaturated Carboxylic Acids.
Authors: Augustine John Kallikat , Naik Yanjerappa Arthoba , Mandal Ashis Baran , Chowdappa Nagaraja , Praveen Vinuthan B.
Published: April 2008

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Regioselective Tandem Dimethylsulfonium Methylide Addition—Eliminative Olefination of Diendioates: A Novel Route to 1,3‐Butadien‐2‐ylmalonates.
Authors: Singh Rekha , Ghosh Sunil K.
Published: April 2008

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: New Bidentate Phosphorus Ligands Based on a Norbornane Backbone for Rhodium‐Catalyzed Asymmetric Hydrogenation.
Authors: Cai Chonglin , Deng Fanguo , Sun Wei , Xia Chungu
Published: April 2008

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: The Decarboxylative Blaise Reaction.
Authors: Lee Jae Hoon , Choi Bo Seung , Chang Jay Hyok , Lee Hee Bong , Yoon Joo‐Yong , Lee Jaeick , Shin Hyunik
Published: April 2008

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: High‐Yielding Synthesis of 2‐Arylacrylamides via Homogeneous Catalytic Aminocarbonylation of α‐Iodostyrene and α,α′‐Diiodo‐1,4‐divinylbenzene.
Authors: Takacs Attila , Farkas Roland , Kollar Laszlo
Published: April 2008

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Ionic Liquid [bmim][BF4] Acts as Solvent and Promoter for Synthesis of Halo‐Containing N‐Arylphthalimides.
Authors: Chen Dong Chu , Ye Hong Qi , Wu Hao
Published: April 2008

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Highly Enantioselective Cyanosilylation of Ketones Catalyzed by a Bifunctional Ti(IV) Complex.
Authors: Shen Ke , Liu Xiaohua , Li Qinghan , Feng Xiaoming
Published: April 2008

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Palladium‐Catalyzed Cross‐Coupling Reaction of Arenediazonium Salts with Alkyl Chloroformates.
Authors: Perez Rolando , de Luna Martins Daniela , Aguiar Lucia C. S. , Alvarez Heiddy M. , Cardozo‐Filho L. , Coelho Aline V. , Antunes O. A. C.
Published: April 2008

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: A Facile Synthesis of N‐Sulfinylaldimines.
Authors: Ardej‐Jakubisiak Monika , Kawecki Robert , Swietlinska Aneta
Published: April 2008

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Diels—Alder Approach for the Construction of Halogenated, o‐Nitro Biaryl Templates and Application to the Total Synthesis of the anti‐HIV Agent Siamenol.
Authors: Naffziger Michael R. , Ashburn Bradley O. , Perkins Johanna R. , Carter Rich G.
Published: April 2008

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Preparation of Polymer‐Supported Phosphine from Ferrocene for Palladium‐Catalyzed Suzuki—Miyaura Cross‐Coupling Reactions.
Authors: Yu Hong Wei , Tong Qing Song , Peng Yi Ru , Jia Li , Shi Ji Cheng , Jin Zi Lin
Published: April 2008

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.