bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Intracardiac Ectopic Thyroid Carcinosarcoma in a Dog
Authors: Almes K. M. , Heaney A. M. , Andrews G. A.
Published: June 2008

A 13-year-old spayed female Labrador Retriever with a 1-year history of progressive exercise intolerance was diagnosed with an interventricular mass in the heart via echocardiogram. The animal's general condition progressively declined over the next 8 months, and it was euthanatized. The intracardiac mass, which protruded into the lumen of the right ventricle, was removed at necropsy and fixed in 10% buffered formalin. Histopathologic diagnosis was an ectopic thyroid carcinosarcoma based on the presence of 3 distinct neoplastic tissue types. Intermixed within the tumor were neoplastic thyroid follicles containing colloid and solid nests of thyroid follicular epithelial cells, vascular channels and clefts filled with blood and lined by neoplastic endothelium, and osteoid surrounded by spindle cells and often rimmed by large multinucleated cells. Immunohistochemical reaction for thyroglobulin was positive in the tumor cells forming the colloid-filled follicles and solid nests of epithelial cells. Neoplastic endothelium was positive for factor VIII-related antigen. The thyroid gland was located in its normal anatomic position and was histologically normal, ruling out the possibility that the intracardiac tumor was a metastatic lesion. To the authors' knowledge this is the first reported case of an intracardiac ectopic thyroid carcinosarcoma, and possibly the first ectopic thyroid carcinosarcoma in any location in any species.
Skin Morphology of Thyroidectomized Rats
Authors: Tsujio M. , Yoshioka K. , Satoh M. , Watahiki Y. , Mutoh K.
Published: June 2008

We induced hypothyroidism in rats by conducting a thyroidectomy (TD) and investigated subsequent changes in the morphology of the skin, especially that of the epidermis and hair follicles. The 6 rats in the TD group seemed less active than the 3 rats in the control group and had cold, dry paws. All of the rats in the TD group exhibited retarded hair growth 12 weeks after surgery. Histologically, all of the rats in the TD group exhibited epidermal thinning from 12 weeks after surgery. Many hair follicles were in the telogen phase: the bulbs and papillae were involuted and had migrated towards the epidermis. Hair follicle atrophy involving thinning of the outer root sheath and the inner root sheath was often observed. The immunoreactivities of antithyroid hormone receptors α and β in the outer root sheaths of 5 of the TD rats were weaker than those of control rats. Cell proliferation in hair follicles of TD rats was weaker than in follicles of control rats 4 weeks after surgery. It is suggested that decreased expression of TRs and decreased cell proliferation activity in the hair follicles of rats is associated with a lack of thyroid hormone and results in retardation of hair growth.
Quantitative Analysis of the 2002 Phocine Distemper Epidemic in The Netherlands
Authors: Rijks J. M. , Read F. L. , van de Bildt M. W. G. , van Bolhuis H. G. , Martina B. E. E. , Wagenaar J. A. , van der Meulen K. , Osterhaus A. D. M. E. , Kuiken T.
Published: June 2008

Phocine distemper virus (PDV) caused thousands of deaths among harbor seals ( Phoca vitulina) from the North Sea in 1988 and 2002. To examine the effects of different factors on the pathology of phocine distemper, we performed necropsies and laboratory analyses on 369 harbor seals that stranded along the Dutch coast during the 2002 PDV epidemic. Diagnostic tests for morbillivirus infection indicated a differential temporal presence of morbillivirus in lung and brain. Seals of 3 years or older were significantly more often IgG positive than younger seals. The most frequent lesions in PDV cases were bronchopneumonia, broncho-interstitial pneumonia, and interstitial emphysema. Extra-thoracic emphysema was rare in <1-year-olds compared with older seals, even though severe pneumonia was more common. PDV cases generally had empty stomachs and less blubber than by-caught seals from before the epidemic. In PDV cases involving older animals, lung, kidney, and adrenal weights were significantly increased. Bordetella bronchiseptica was isolated from lungs in two thirds of the PDV cases examined. Our results indicate that brain should be included among the tissues tested for PDV by RT-PCR; that either phocine distemper has a longer duration in older seals or that there are age-related differences in immunity and organ development; that dehydration could play a role in the course and outcome of phocine distemper; and that bacterial coinfections in lungs are more frequent in PDV cases than gross lesions suggest. These results illustrate how quantitative analysis of pathology data from such epidemics can improve understanding of the causative disease.
Neuropathologic Findings in an Aged Albino Gorilla
Authors: Márquez M. , Serafin A. , Fernández-Bellon H. , Serrat S. , Ferrer-Admetlla A. , Bertranpetit J. , Ferrer I. , Pumarola M.
Published: June 2008

Pallido-nigral spheroids associated with iron deposition have been observed in some aged clinically normal nonhuman primates. In humans, similar findings are observed in neurodegeneration with brain iron accumulation diseases, which, in some cases, show associated mutations in pantothenate kinase 2 gene (PANK2). Here we present an aged gorilla, 40 years old, suffering during the last 2 years of life from progressive tetraparesis, nystagmus, and dyskinesia of the arms, hands, and neck, with accompanying abnormal behavior. The postmortem neuropathologic examination revealed, in addition to aging-associated changes in the brain, numerous corpora amylacea in some brain areas, especially the substantia nigra, and large numbers of axonal spheroids associated with iron accumulation in the internal globus pallidus. Sequencing of the gorilla PANK2 gene failed to detect any mutation. The clinical, neuropathologic, and genetic findings in this gorilla point to an age-related pallido-nigral degeneration that presented PKAN-like neurologic deficits.
Cutaneous Pythiosis in a Nestling White-faced Ibis
Authors: Pesavento P. A. , Barr B. , Riggs S. M. , Eigenheer A. L. , Pamma R. , Walker R. L.
Published: June 2008

A nestling white-faced ibis ( Plegadis chihi) with multifocal skin ulcerations on the wings, neck, head, and limbs was found in a wetland agricultural region of the central valley in California. Pathologic, microbiologic, and molecular findings were consistent with restricted, cutaneous infection by the oomycete Pythium insidiosum. The microscopic features of the disease, including intense, necrotizing eosinophilic and granulomatous inflammation, are similar to those previously described in mammals. Pythiosis, which is most typical in tropical and subtropical climates, has recently emerged in California as a cause of cutaneous and enteric disease in horses and dogs, respectively. Environmental stability and persistence of a “water-mold” in the arid central valley of California could be associated with agricultural and community watering practices. To the best of the authors' knowledge, this is the first published report of pythiosis in birds.
Severe Scuticociliate (Philasterides dicentrarchi) Infection in a Population of Sea Dragons (Phycodurus eques and Phyllopteryx taeniolatus)
Authors: Rossteuscher S. , Wenker C. , Jermann T. , Wahli T. , Oldenberg E. , Schmidt-Posthaus H.
Published: June 2008

Scuticociliatosis is a disease of fish induced by ciliated parasites of the genus Scuticociliatida. It has been described in sea horses ( Hippocampus sp.), flounders ( Paralichthys olivaceus), and turbots ( Scophthalmus maximus). Here we present a case study of a population of sea dragons chronically infected with scuticociliates identified as Philasterides dicentrarchi by histopathology and PCR. Beginning in 2004, over a period of 19 months, 10 sea dragons ( Phycodurus eques and Phyllopteryx taeniolatus) were found dead in an aquarium of the Zoological Garden Basle, Switzerland. Clinically, the animals showed only faint symptoms of disease over a short period of time. At necropsy, macroscopic lesions were confined to the skin with multiple, often hemorrhagic, ulcerations. Histologically, epidermal ulcers were associated with necrosis and inflammation of the underlying dermis and musculature. Numerous ciliates, with a morphology consistent with scuticociliates, were present in these lesions. In several animals these ciliates had invaded blood vessels and were detected in gills and internal organs including kidney, thyroid gland, and central nervous system (CNS). In these organs, mild degenerative lesions and inflammatory reactions were evident. The ciliates were identified as Philasterides dicentrarchi based on small-subunit ribosomal RNA (SSUrRNA) gene sequences obtained by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) on DNA extracted from paraffin-embedded tissue sections. Our report shows that scuticociliate infections of sea dragons can develop into a systemic infection and that both species of sea dragons can be affected.
Pathology of Experimental SARS Coronavirus Infection in Cats and Ferrets
Authors: van den Brand J. M. A. , Haagmans B. L. , Leijten L. , van Riel D. , Martina B. E. E. , Osterhaus A. D. M. E. , Kuiken T.
Published: June 2008

The pathology of severe acute respiratory syndrome-coronavirus (SARS-CoV) infection in cats and ferrets is poorly described, and the distribution of angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2), a receptor for SARS-CoV, in the respiratory tracts of these species is unknown. We observed SARS-CoV antigen expression and lesions in the respiratory tracts of 4 cats and 4 ferrets at 4 days postinoculation and ACE2 expression in the respiratory tracts of 3 cats and 3 ferrets without infection. All infected cats and ferrets had diffuse alveolar damage associated with SARS-CoV antigen expression. A novel SARS-CoV-associated lesion was tracheo-bronchoadenitis in cats. SARS-CoV antigen expression occurred mainly in type I and II pneumocytes and serous cells of tracheo-bronchial submucosal glands of cats and in type II pneumocytes of ferrets. ACE2 expression occurred mainly in type I and II pneumocytes, tracheo-bronchial goblet cells, serous epithelial cells of tracheo-bronchial submucosal glands in cats, and type II pneumocytes and serous epithelial cells of tracheo-bronchial submucosal glands in ferrets. In conclusion, the pathology of SARS-CoV infection in cats and ferrets resembles that in humans except that syncytia and hyaline membranes were not observed. The identification of tracheo-bronchoadenitis in cats has potential implications for SARS pathogenesis and SARS-CoV excretion. Finally, these results show the importance of ACE2 expression for SARS-CoV infection in vivo: whereas ACE2 expression in type I and II pneumocytes in cats corresponded to SARS-CoV antigen expression in both cell types, expression of both ACE2 and SARS-CoV antigen in ferrets was limited mainly to type II pneumocytes.
Review Paper: Preclinical Models of Psoriasis
Authors: Danilenko D. M.
Published: June 2008

Psoriasis is the most common autoimmune disease in man and is characterized by focal to coalescing raised cutaneous plaques with consistent scaling and variable erythema. The specific pathogenesis of psoriasis is not completely understood, but the underlying mechanisms involve a complex interplay between epidermal keratinocytes, T lymphocytes as well as other leukocytes (including dendritic cells and other antigen presenting cells [APCs]), and vascular endothelium. Mirroring the complexity of mechanisms that underlie psoriasis, there are a relatively large number of models of psoriasis. Each model is based on a slightly different pathogenic mechanism, and each has its similarities to psoriasis as well as its limitations. In general, psoriasis models can be very broadly divided on the basis of the pathogenic mechanisms that interplay to cause psoriasis, with the addition of several relatively poorly defined spontaneous murine mutant models. Other than the spontaneous mutant models, murine models of psoriasis can be divided into those that are genetically engineered (transgenic and knockout—with manipulation of either the epidermis, leukocytes, or the endothelium), and those that are induced (either by immune transfer or by xenotransplantation of skin from psoriatic patients). In addition to the murine models, in vitro human epidermal models have recently become more widely utilized. While no one single model of psoriasis is ideal, many have proven to be extremely valuable in investigating and better understanding the molecular mechanisms that underlie the complex interplay between epidermal keratinocytes, the innate and adaptive immune system, and the vascular endothelium in psoriasis.
Histopathologic and Immunohistochemical Characterization of Nipah Virus Infection in the Guinea Pig
Authors: Torres-Velez F. J. , Shieh W.-J. , Rollin P. E. , Morken T. , Brown C. , Ksiazek T. G. , Zaki S. R.
Published: June 2008

Mortality rate in humans infected with Nipah virus (NiV) has been reported as high as 92%. Humans infected with NiV show a widespread multisystemic vasculitis with most severe clinical and pathologic manifestations in the brain, lungs, and spleen. The purpose of this study was to study pathologic and immunohistochemical findings in guinea pigs infected with NiV. Of 28 animals inoculated intraperitoneally, only 2 survived the infection, and most died between 4 and 8 days postinoculation (dpi). Viral antigen with minimal pathologic changes was first detected 2 dpi in lymph nodes and spleen. More severe changes were noted in these organs 4-8 dpi, where pathologic damage had a vasocentric distribution and viral antigen was abundant in vascular endothelium, tunica media, adventitia, as well as in macrophages lining sinuses. The urinary bladder, uterus, and ovaries were also affected with necrosis and acute inflammation. In these organs, immunohistochemical positive staining was intense in blood vessels, epithelial cells, and ovarian follicles. Approximately 50% of the animals that died or were euthanized in extremis had evidence of viral antigen and histopathologic changes in brain, especially involving meninges and ependymal cells, with lesser changes in the neural parenchyma. A unifying feature of the damage for all affected tissues was necrosis and inflammation of the vasculature, chiefly in arterioles, capillaries, and venules. Inoculation of guinea pigs intraperitoneally with NiV produces a disease with considerable resemblance to the disease in humans, but with reduced pulmonary involvement and marked infection of urinary bladder and the female reproductive tract.
Pancreatic Metaplasia in the Gastro-achlorhydria in WTC-dfk Rat, a Potassium Channel Kcnq1 Mutant
Authors: Kuwamura M. , Okajima R. , Yamate J. , Kotani T. , Kuramoto T. , Serikawa T.
Published: June 2008

The WTC-deafness Kyoto ( dfk) rat is a new mutant characterized by deafness and abnormal, imbalanced behavior. WTC- dfk rats carry an intragenic deletion at the Kcnq1 gene; KCNQ1 plays an important role in K+ homeostasis, and the mutation of Kcnq1 causes a cardiac long QT syndrome in humans. Here, we studied stomach lesions in these WTC- dfk rats. The most characteristic pathologic feature in the stomach was the appearance of hypertrophic gastric glands in the stomach body. The hypertrophic cells had many eosinophilic granules in their cytoplasm, and these granules were stained red with Azan stain; stained positively for trypsinogen, amylase, and chymotrypsin; and did not stain positively for pepsinogen when using immunohistochemical analysis. These staining results suggested a metaplasia toward a pancreatic acinar cells. Extensive fibrosis was found in the bottom part of the mucosa of 34–week-old WTC- dfk rats, suggesting a progression of stomach lesions with aging. Although cells that were positive for proliferating cell nuclear antigen were restricted in the area of the glandular neck in WTC control rats, positive cells in WTC- dfk rats were scattered throughout the mucosa. The parietal cells in WTC- dfk rats were negative for KCNQ1 immunohistochemical analysis. These findings indicate that a deficiency in rat Kcnq1 provokes an abnormal proliferation and differentiation of gastric glandular cells.
Diagnostic Exercise: Papulovesicular Dermatitis in Rhesus Macaques (Macaca mulatta)
Authors: Schoeb T. R. , Eberle R. , Black D. H. , Parker R. F. , Cartner S. C.
Published: June 2008

Eleven rhesus monkeys developed multifocal erythematous and a vesicular rash. Most recovered spontaneously, but a 21–year-old female became moribund and was euthanized. Findings were of vesicular dermatitis and widespread multifocal hemorrhagic necrosis of the lungs and other viscera, with intralesional intranuclear inclusions. Simian varicella virus was identified as the cause by polymerase chain reaction analysis and serologic testing.
Thyroid and the environment: exposure to excessive nutritional iodine increases the prevalence of thyroid disorders in São Paulo, Brazil
Authors: Camargo Rosalinda Y A , Tomimori Eduardo K , Neves Solange C , G S Rubio Ileana , Galrão Ana Luiza , Knobel Meyer , Medeiros-Neto Geraldo
Published: June 2008

Objective

To evaluate the prevalence of chronic autoimmune thyroiditis (CAT) and iodine-induced hypothyroidism, hyperthyroidism (overt and subclinical), and goiter in a population exposed to excessive iodine intake for 5 years (table salt iodine concentrations: 40–100 mg/kg salt).

Design

This was a population-based, cross-sectional study with 1085 participants randomly selected from a metropolitan area in São Paulo, Brazil, and conducted during the first semester of 2004.

Methods

Thyroid ultrasound examination was performed in all participants and samples of urine and blood were collected from each subject. Serum levels of thyroid-stimulating hormone, free thyroxine, and anti-thyroid peroxidase (TPO) antibodies, urinary iodine concentration, thyroid volume, and thyroid echogenicity were evaluated. We also analyzed table salt iodine concentrations.

Results

At the time the study was conducted, table salt iodine concentrations were within the new official limits (20–60 mg/kg salt). Nevertheless, in 45.6% of the participants, urinary iodine excretion was excessive (above 300 μg/l) and, in 14.1%, it was higher than 400 μg/l. The prevalence of CAT (including atrophic thyroiditis) was 16.9% (183/1085), women were more affected than men (21.5 vs 9.1% respectively, P=0.02). Hypothyroidism was detected in 8.0% (87/1085) of the population with CAT. Hyperthyroidism was diagnosed in 3.3% of the individuals (36/1085) and goiter was identified in 3.1% (34/1085).

Conclusions

Five years of excessive iodine intake by the Brazilian population may have increased the prevalence of CAT and hypothyroidism in subjects genetically predisposed to thyroid autoimmune diseases. Appropriate screening for early detection of thyroid dysfunction may be considered during excessive nutritional iodine intake.
Constructing Linguistic Femininity in Contemporary Japan
Authors: Okamoto Shigeko , Shibamoto Smith Janet S.
Published: June 2008

This article examines the constitution of ‘Japanese women’s language,’ or joseego, as a prescriptive linguistic norm for women through an analysis of scholarly and media representations of linguistic femininity in contemporary Japan. We distinguish two kinds of interrelated norms as constituting linguistic femininity: norms centered around general stylistic features such as politeness, gentleness, and refinement (the first-order norms) and those specificying particular linguistic forms including phonological, morphological, and lexical features (the second-order norms). Our analysis shows that both scholarly and media representations tend to share the dominant ideology of feminine speech in terms of general stylistic features and that they both link those features to specific linguistic forms in terms of Standard Japanese, but that the media representations are relatively more flexible in this linkage than the former and allows more room for contestation and the negotiation of alternative femininities. Through this analysis, we discuss the complex indexical process in which linguistic forms are ideologically linked to femininity as well as the tenuous nature of this linkage.
Cuidando do cuidador no ambiente de trabalho: uma proposta de ação
Authors: Oliniski Samanta Reikdal , Lacerda Maria Ribeiro
Published: June 2008

Este é um relato de experiência que teve por objetivos estimular a sensibilização da equipe de enfermagem para o cuidado de si e desenvolver dentro do ambiente de trabalho ações que o promovessem. O referencial teórico adotado seguiu os pressupostos de Watson. Os sujeitos foram duas equipes de enfermagem que atuavam em unidades de terapia intensiva, nas quais foram realizadas diferentes atividades tais como alongamentos, dinâmicas e atividades de relaxamento. Obteve-se uma resposta positiva dos grupos que se sentiram cuidados, valorizados e puderam se conhecer melhor e praticar ações de cuidado para consigo mesmo. Deste modo, as ações e interações desenvolvidas estimularam e propiciaram o cuidado de si dentro e fora do ambiente de trabalho, e também despertaram para a importância deste cuidado em suas práticas de trabalho.
O enfermeiro e a construção da autonomia profissional no processo de cuidar
Authors: Bueno Flora Marta Giglio , Queiroz Marcos de Souza
Published: June 2008

Este artigo analisa alguns fatores que interferem na qualidade da prática de enfermagem, principalmente no que diz respeito ao agir do profissional enfermeiro no processo de cuidar. Traz uma reflexão crítica deste agir, baseada na suposição de que o processo de cuidar consiste na essência do trabalho em enfermagem. A autonomia profissional do enfermeiro é considerada como uma importante questão que deve ser renovada por um novo paradigma científico, que leve em consideração o aspecto humano do cuidado à saúde. Baseado em uma abordagem qualitativa, algumas questões importantes do processo de trabalho desenvolvido em um hospital público universitário são consideradas. O artigo conclui propondo uma nova atitude, mais comprometida com a produção de saúde e com a sua dimensão social.
A integração das disciplinas de humanidades médicas na Faculdade de Medicina da USP: um caminho para o ensino
Authors: Rios Izabel Cristina , Lopes Junior Ademir , Kaufman Arthur , Vieira Joaquim Edson , Scanavino Marco de Tubino , Oliveira Reinaldo Ayer de
Published: June 2008

A integração curricular, atualmente, é apontada como importante estratégia de ensino, processo que envolve várias etapas, trabalho e compromisso de grupo. Este artigo relata a experiência de integração das disciplinas de humanidades médicas da Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de São Paulo (FMUSP). Ao longo de dois anos, constituiu-se um grupo composto pelas disciplinas da área de humanidades médicas, pesquisadores do Centro de Desenvolvimento da Educação Médica Professor Eduardo Marcondes (Cedem), alunos e professores de outras disciplinas interessados na área. Desenvolveu-se a integração temática e prossegue-se na integração metodológica.
Consumo de água em plantios de eucalipto: parte 2 modelagem da resistência estomática e estimativa da transpiração em tratamentos irrigados e não-irrigados
Authors: Carneiro Rogério Lessa de Castro , Ribeiro Aristides , Martinez y Huaman Carlos Alberto , Leite Fernando Palha , Sediyama Gilberto Chohaku , Neves Julio César Lima
Published: June 2008

Este trabalho constitui a ultima parte do estudo que objetivou calcular o consumo de água em plantios de eucalipto. Nesta parte, modelou-se a resistência estomática em função das variáveis ambientais irradiância solar global, déficit de pressão de vapor e temperatura. Com a resistência estomática modelada a partir dos valores observados no artigo anterior, foi possível calcular a transpiração do eucalipto pelo método Penman-Monteith em alguns dias, nos períodos úmido e seco do ano. Verificou-se a existência da correlação entre a resistência estomática e as variáveis ambientais. Os modelos gerados nessa relação mostraram-se eficientes para calcular as variações diárias resistência estomática e também totais horários e diários de transpiração.
Propagação da corticeira do banhado (Erythrina crista-galli L.) (FABACEAE) pelo processo de estaquia
Authors: Gratieri-Sossella Ariane , Petry Cláudia , Nienow Alexandre Augusto
Published: June 2008

A corticeira-do-banhado é uma árvore nativa com uso ornamental no paisagismo urbano e possui potencial de utilização em áreas desprotegidas e degradadas, devido a sua rusticidade. Entretanto, tendo em vista a dificuldade de obtenção de sementes, pela baixa produção e qualidade destas com a conseqüente desuniformidade da germinação, torna-se necessário aprofundar o estudo de outras formas de propagação dessa espécie. Desse modo, conduziu-se este trabalho na Faculdade de Agronomia e Medicina Veterinária da Universidade de Passo Fundo, com o objetivo de estudar a formação de mudas de Erythrina crista-galli L. pela técnica da estaquia. Em quatro experimentos foram testadas doses do fitorregulador ácido indolbutírico (AIB), em diferentes tipos de estacas (lenhosas, semilenhosas, herbáceas e foliares) e substratos. Os resultados indicaram que mini-estacas herbáceas, coletadas de plantas jovens, com menos de 1 ano de idade, são as mais indicadas (75% a 100% de enraizamento), e o uso do AIB diminuiu a mortalidade, ao favorecer o processo do enraizamento. Em razão do ataque de insetos (brocas) às plantas no seu hábitat, recomenda-se a técnica de jardim clonal, com a formação de matrizeiros no viveiro, fornecendo material juvenil e sadio em maior escala para a propagação dessa espécie por miniestacas.
Algoritmo transgenético aplicado ao problema do caixeiro comprador capacitado simétrico
Authors: Goldbarg Marco César , Bagi Ligia Bariani , Goldbarg Elizabeth Ferreira Gouvêa
Published: June 2008

O presente trabalho apresenta um Algoritmo Transgenético para a solução do Problema do Caixeiro Comprador Capacitado Simétrico. O algoritmo é baseado em endossimbiose e outras transformações do fluxo intracelular. O algoritmo é descrito e experimentos computacionais são relatados no sentido de validar a eficiência da abordagem. São também apresentadas novas melhores soluções para 17 instâncias de um conhecido banco de instâncias para o problema.
Desenvolvimento sustentável: um discurso sobre a relação entre desenvolvimento e natureza
Authors: Matias Hugo Juliano Duarte , Pinheiro José de Queiroz
Published: June 2008

Trata-se do estudo de definições de desenvolvimento sustentável, elemento fundamental de repertórios interpretativos para a relação entre desenvolvimento e natureza. As definições respondiam a um questionário aplicado a 355 estudantes de vários cursos de uma universidade federal. Realizou-se uma análise de conteúdo que buscou a concepção de natureza e sua relação com desenvolvimento nessas definições. Foram encontradas três matrizes discursivas: (a) "economicista") - a necessidade de desenvolvimento subordina a necessidade de preservação da natureza, cujo sentido é "recursos naturais"; (b) discurso "bem intencionado" - a necessidade de desenvolvimento subordina a de preservação da natureza, cujo sentido é "fragilidade"; (c) "esvaziado" - desenvolvimento e natureza são disjuntos. Conclui-se sobre a importância do estudo da atribuição de significado à natureza para explicar como as pessoas pensam a relação entre desenvolvimento e natureza, e sobre como essas matrizes discursivas podem justificar práticas sociais.
Effect of aluminum stress on mineral nutrition in rice cultivars differing in aluminum sensitivity
Authors: Macêdo Cristiane E. C. , Jan Veronique V. S.
Published: June 2008

The effects of aluminum (Al) stress on ion concentration and distribution were investigated in four rice cultivars (Aiwu and IKP, Al sensitive; IRAT112 and IR6023, Al resistant). Macro and micronutrient levels in plant tissues were markedly affected by Al and the magnitude of this effect depended on the cultivar group (Al resistance versus Al sensitivity) and on the concentration of Al in the nutrient solution. Al decreased Ca, P, K, Mg and Mn concentrations in shoot and K, Mg and Mn in root. It increased Ca and P in root and caused an increase in shoot and root Al contents. All these effects were observed in both cultivar groups, but were more apparent in Al sensitive ones. In conclusion, the results support the idea that, compared to the Al sensitive cultivars Aiwu and IKP, Al resistance in IRAT112 and IR6023 could be explained by a limited absorption and translocation of Al from root to shoot and could also be explained by a more efficient transport of Ca, P and Mn from root to shoot. These findings showed clearly that more than one mechanism may contribute to Al resistance in rice plants.
Mapeamento do saldo de radiação com imagens Landsat 5 e modelo de elevação digital
Authors: Di Pace Frederico T. , Silva Bernardo B. da , Silva Vicente de P. R. da , Silva Saulo T. A. da
Published: June 2008

O saldo de radiação é um importante componente do balanço de energia e tem grande relevância em estudos de evapotranspiração em áreas irrigadas e em bacias hidrográficas. Obteve-se, através do estudo, a estimativa do saldo de radiação à superfície terrestre, mediante imagens multiespectrais do Mapeador Temático do satélite Landsat 5, utilizando-se o SEBAL (Surface Energy Balance Algorithm for Land) e o MED (Modelo de Elevação Digital). Os cálculos foram realizados com e sem utilização do MED, nos dias 04 de dezembro de 2000 e 04 de outubro de 2001. A temperatura da superfície (Ts) e os valores do albedo estimados com o MED em 04/12/2000, foram um pouco superiores aos valores de Ts estimados sem a utilização deste modelo. Os resultados demonstraram que na estimativa do saldo de radiação com base em imagens MT - Landsat 5, se deve levar em consideração os efeitos topográficos da região de estudo.
Viabilidade do aproveitamento agrícola de percolados de resíduos sólidos urbanos
Authors: Matos Antonio T. de , Carvalho André L. de , Azevedo Izabel C. D. d'A.
Published: June 2008

Com a realização deste trabalho, avaliou-se a qualidade física, química e bioquímica do percolado produzido em colunas de resíduo sólido urbano recém-coletado (RSU), contendo ou não camada de resíduo de construção civil (RCC), com fins de aproveitamento agrícola; para isso, o RSU foi colocado, de forma seqüencial em camadas de 0,15 m de espessura e peso específico de 7 kN m-3, obtidas por compressão do material acondicionado, formando-se ao final duas colunas com 2,47 m de altura. Em uma das colunas, antes do acondicionamento do RSU, foi disposta uma camada de 0,30 m de RCC, como base para a coluna. Amostras do percolado lixiviado das colunas foram coletadas quinzenalmente para a realização das seguintes caracterizações: CE, pH, ST, SST, DQO, DBO, N total, Ca, Mg, Fe, Mn, Cd, Cu, Zn, Pb, Ni e Cr. Com base nos relativamente altos valores de pH e de concentrações de material orgânico e macronutrientes (N, Ca, Mg) e de baixas concentrações de metais pesados, o uso dos percolados de aterros sanitários deve ser considerado como forma viável de disposição final dessa água residuária.
Padrões de produtividade de autores em periódicos e congressos na área de contabilidade no Brasil: um estudo bibliométrico
Authors: Leite Filho Geraldo Alemandro
Published: June 2008

O objetivo do estudo foi analisar a produtividade científica dos autores em anais de congressos e periódicos brasileiros na área de Contabilidade. No referencial teórico apresentaram-se estudos bibliométricos correlatos em outras áreas. O método utilizado foi a pesquisa descritiva, análise quantitativa de dados; universo e amostra foram os periódicos e congressos científicos brasileiros na área de Contabilidade. Os principais resultados evidenciaram uma padronização de publicação da área, a predominância de autores do sexo masculino, indícios de forte endogenia de instituições nacionais, existência de concentração de autoria vinculada a poucas instituições que apresentaram as mais altas freqüências relativas nos veículos de publicação.
Radionuclides as tracers of coastal processes in Brazil: review, synthesis, and perspectives
Authors: Santos Isaac R. , Burnett William C. , Godoy José M.
Published: June 2008

We review the usefulness, limitations, significance, and coastal management implications of radionuclide measurements in Brazilian coastal environments. We focus on the use of radionuclides as tracers of sedimentary processes and submarine groundwater discharge (SGD). We also discuss artificial radionuclide contamination and high natural radioactivity areas. The interpretation of 14C-, 137Cs-, and 210Pb-derived sedimentation rates has provided evidence that inappropriate soil use by urban and agricultural activities has intensified erosion processes on land, which is reflected in depositional environments, such as coastal lagoons, estuaries and mangroves. Of the processes discussed in this paper, SGD is the one that requires the most scientific effort in the short-term. There have been only two case studies using 222Rn and radium isotopes as groundwater tracers in Brazil. These investigations showed that SGD can be a major source of nutrients and other dissolved species to the coastal ocean. Baseline 137Cs, 90Sr, 239+240Pu, and 238Pu concentrations in seawater from the whole Brazilian coastal zone are very low. Therefore, in spite of contamination problems in many ecosystems in the northern hemisphere, artificial radionuclide pollution appears to be negligible along the Brazilian coast. Phosphate fertilizer industries and petroleum processing facilities are the main economic activities producing Technologically Enhanced Naturally Occurring Radioactive Materials (TENORM). Even though a few attempts have been made to assess the radiological effects of these activities, their potential threats indicate a need for the radiological control of their wastes. This review showed that the number of studies within the field of environmental radioactivity is still small in Brazil and much more research is needed to understand processes of high interest for environmental managers. In the near future, it is likely that such studies in Brazil will move from descriptive, environmental quality-based assessments to approaches that attempt to quantify chemical, physical, and biological processes in the environment.
Constant expression of hexose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase during differentiation of human adipose-derived mesenchymal stem cells
Authors: Senesi Silvia , Marcolongo Paola , Manini Ivana , Fulceri Rosella , Sorrentino Vincenzo , Csala Miklós , Bánhegyi Gábor , Benedetti Angelo
Published: June 2008

The reductase activity of 11β-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase type 1 (HSD11B1) plays an important role in the growth and differentiation of adipose tissue via the prereceptorial activation of glucocorticoids. This enzyme colocalizes with hexose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase (H6PD) at the luminal surface of the endoplasmic reticulum membrane, and the latter enzyme provides NADPH to the former, which can thus act as an 11β-reductase. It was suggested that, during adipogenesis, the increased expression of H6PD causes a dehydrogenase-to-reductase switch in the activity of HSD11B1. However, only the expression of the HSD11B1 has been extensively studied, and little is known about the expression of H6PD. Here, we investigated the expression and the activity of H6PD in the course of the differentiation of human adipose-derived mesenchymal stem cells (ADMSCs) and murine 3T3-L1 cells. It was found that H6PD is already present in adipose-derived stem cells and in 3T3-L1 fibroblasts even before the induction of adipogenesis. Moreover, mRNA and protein levels, as well as the microsomal H6PD activities remained unchanged during the differentiation. At the same time a great induction of HSD11B1 was observed in both cell types. The observed constant expression of H6PD suggests that HSD11B1 acts as a reductase throughout the adipogenesis process in human ADMSCs and murine 3T3-L1 cells.
Spatio-temporal expression of chromogranin A during zebrafish embryogenesis
Authors: Xie Jing , Wang Wei-Qing , Liu Ting-Xi , Deng Min , Ning Guang
Published: June 2008

Chromogranin A (CHGA), a protein participating in the biogenesis of dense core secretory granules in various neuroendocrine tissues, plays a critical role in the release of hormones/peptides and the pathogenesis of pheochromocytoma. However, little is known about the developmental origin of CHGA-expressing cells during embryogenesis. Here, we report the structural characterization and spatio-temporal expression pattern of zebrafish (Danio rerio) ortholog of mammalian CHGA. The earliest expression of chga transcripts was observed at 16 h post fertilization in the developing cranial ganglia as six distinct cellular masses arranged bilaterally as strings of beads in the dorsal root ganglia (DRG) precursors along the dorsal trunk. With development advancing, the chga transcripts were expressed abundantly in diencephalon, mesencephalon, and rhombencephalon as well as in the DRG. Interestingly, double in situ hybridization assay of chga with genes expressed in pronephros (Wilms' tumor suppressor 1, wt1), adrenal cortex (side-chain cleavage enzyme, scc), and sympathoadrenal neuron/chromaffin cell (dopamine-β-hydroxylase, dbh), respectively, showed that the chga-expressing cells are spatially separated from wt1-, scc-, and dbh-positive cell populations during early embryonic development. The pronephros region does not express chga even up to 7 days post fertilization, while chga positive-staining cells bind in the brain and DRG, indicating that chga may play an important role in nervous system development during the early embryonic stages.
Understanding Cathedral Visitors: Psychological Type and Individual Differences in Experience and Appreciation
Authors: Francis Leslie J. , Williams Emyr , Annis Jennie , Robbins Mandy
Published: June 2008

This article examines the experience and appreciation of 381 visitors to St Davids Cathedral in West Wales through the lens of Jungian psychological type theory. The data demonstrate that St Davids Cathedral attracts more introverts than extraverts, more sensers than intuitives, and
more judgers than perceivers, but equal proportions of thinkers and feelers. The data also demonstrate that different aspects of the visitor experience appeals to different psychological types. Sensers are more attracted than intuitives by the facts, information, and data they encounter on
their visit. Feelers are more attracted than thinkers by the atmosphere and wider ambience generated by the cathedral during their visit. The implications of these findings are discussed for understanding and developing the way in which cathedrals may develop the visitor experience.
Personalized Systems of Instruction Model: Teaching Health-Related Fitness Content in High School Physical Education
Authors: Hannon James , Holt Brett , Hatten John
Published: June 2008

This study assessed the use of personalized system of instruction (PSI) to teach a high school personal fitness class. A course workbook was designed to provide the students with a basic introduction to the unit, class rules and policies, learning objectives, content-based modules, and methods of assessment. Based on criteria used to verify effective use of PSI in a physical education setting, implementation of the PSI unit in this study was successful. Student comments indicated that this self-paced mastery learning was a new experience for them. As students became more familiar with the model, they enjoyed the structure and material being presented. Teacher comments indicated that after explaining and establishing the PSI system, very little teaching time was spent on classroom management.The majority of teaching time was spent on providing individualized feedback to students. PSI offers an alternative approach to teaching and learning in physical education as well as other content areas.
Effects of Video Modeling on Implementation of Literature Circles in Inclusive Content Area Classrooms
Authors: O'Brien Chris , Dieker Lisa
Published: June 2008

Trends in special education favor inclusion and concurrently the implementation of inclusive instructional practices. As students with learning disabilities are increasingly placed in general education classrooms, the need to assist general educators in establishing inclusive classrooms becomes a major priority. Cooperative learning, in the form of literature circles, is offered as a means of providing support to academically diverse student populations. In light of research-to-practice challenges, this study investigated the potential for students with learning disabilities and their peers to learn about literature circles by viewing video models of the practice in action. Students in the video modeling group demonstrated significantly more effective implementation of literature circles including cooperative behaviors suggesting that video modeling could serve as a means of improving the translation of research on effective instructional strategies to actual practice in classrooms.
The Relationship of Mirizzi Syndrome and Cholecystoenteric Fistula: Validation of a Modified Classification
Authors: Beltran Marcelo A. , Csendes Attila , Cruces Karina S.
Published: June 2008

Background

Mirizzi syndrome and cholecystoenteric fistula with or without gallstone ileus are late complications of gallstone disease. We previously suggested that the natural history of Mirizzi syndrome may not end with just a cholecystobiliary fistula and that the continuous inflammation in the triangle of Calot area may result in a complex fistula involving the biliary tract and the adjacent viscera. The purpose of this study was to establish the relationship of Mirizzi syndrome with cholecystoenteric fistulas.

Methods

We retrospectively reviewed the records of all patients older than aged 18 years submitted to emergency or elective cholecystectomy from 1995 to 2006. Of 5,673 cholecystectomies performed during that period, we found 327 (5.7%) patients with Mirizzi syndrome and 105 (1.8%) patients with cholecystoenteric fistula. Ninety‐four (89.5%) patients with cholecystoenteric fistula also had an associated Mirizzi syndrome.

Results

Cholecystoenteric fistula was associated with Mirizzi syndrome (p < 0.0001), increased age was associated with Mirizzi syndrome and cholecystoenteric fistula (p < 0.0001), and female gender was associated with Mirizzi syndrome (p < 0.0001).

Conclusion

When during surgery for gallstone disease a cholecystoenteric fistula is encountered, the possibility of an associated Mirizzi syndrome must be considered. The findings of this study confirm the association of Mirizzi syndrome with cholecystoenteric fistula.
Effect of Surfactants and Polyethylene Glycol on the Activity and Stability of a Lipase from Oilseeds of Pachira aquatica
Authors: Polizelli Patricia Peres , Tiera Márcio José , Bonilla‐Rodriguez Gustavo Orlando
Published: June 2008

Lipases from oilseeds have a great potential for commercial exploration as industrial enzymes. Lipases are used mixed with surfactants in cleaning and other formulated products, and accordingly, both components must be compatible with each other. This work presents the results of the effects of anionic, cationic and nonionic surfactants, polyethylene glycol and urea on the activity and stability of a lipase extracted of oilseeds from Pachira aquatica. The enzyme was purified and the spectrophotometric assays were done using p‐nitrophenyl acetate (p‐NPA) as substrate pH 7.5 and 25 °C. The activity was significantly enhanced by the cationic surfactant CTAB. Bile salts increased the lipase activity in the tested concentration range, whereas anionic and nonionic surfactants showed an inhibitory effect. Aqueous solutions of PEG activated the lipase and maximum activation (161%) occurred in PEG 12,000. This effect on lipase that can be due to exposition of some hydrophobic residues located in the vicinity of the active site or aggregation.
Late‐onset heart failure after myocardial infarction: Trends in incidence and survival☆
Authors: Najafi Farid , Dobson Annette J. , Hobbs Michael , Jamrozik Konrad
Published: June 2008

Background:

Limited data are available on the epidemiology of heart failure (HF) after acute myocardial infarction (AMI). We have investigated trends in the incidence and outcome of HF developing more than 28 days after first‐ever AMI.

Methods and results

We identified all residents of Perth, Western Australia aged 25–64 years with no history of HF, who had experienced an AMI between 1984 and 1993, and followed them to 2005 (at which time survivors of the index events would have been aged up to 85 years). Of 3109 patients identified, 406 (13.1%) had at least one subsequent admission to hospital with a diagnosis of HF and 211 died. Following adjustment for age and sex, the hazard ratio for late‐onset HF for the period 1989–1993 relative to 1984–1988 was 0.85 (95%CI: 0.69 to 1.04). After adjustment for age, history of diabetes and recurrent acute coronary syndrome, the hazard ratio for death in patients with late‐onset HF did not change over the period of study (HR per year=1.02, 95%CI: 0.99 to 1.05).

Conclusion:

Our findings contradict recent claims that there is an epidemic of HF driven in part by improved survival after AMI.
Jumping to conclusions and persecutory delusions
Authors: Startup Helen , Freeman Daniel , Garety Philippa A.
Published: June 2008

It is unknown whether a ‘jumping to conclusions’ (JTC) data-gathering bias is apparent in specific delusion sub-types. A group with persecutory delusions is compared with a sample of non-clinical controls on a probabilistic reasoning task. Results suggest JTC is apparent in individuals with the persecutory sub-type of delusions.
Modularity in the genetic disease‐phenotype network
Authors: Jiang Xingpeng , Liu Bing , Jiang Jiefeng , Zhao Huizhi , Fan Ming , Zhang Jing , Fan Zhenjie , Jiang Tianzi
Published: June 2008

Similar disease phenotypes are engendered as a result of the modular nature of gene networks; thus we hypothesized that all human genetic disease phenotypes appear in similar modular styles. Network representations of phenotypes make it possible to explore this hypothesis. We investigated the modularity of a network of genetic disease phenotypes. We computationally extracted phenotype modules and found that the modularity is well correlated with a physiological classification of human diseases. We also found correlations between the modularity and functional genomics as well as its connection to drug‐target associations.
The Danish Communicative Developmental Inventories: validity and main developmental trends
Authors: BLESES DORTHE , VACH WERNER , SLOTT MALENE , WEHBERG SONJA , THOMSEN PIA , MADSEN THOMAS O. , BASBØLL HANS
Published: June 2008

This paper presents a large-scale cross-sectional study of Danish children's early language acquisition based on the Danish adaptation of theMacArthur-Bates Communicative Development Inventories(CDI). Measures of validity and reliability imply that the Danish adaptation of the American CDI has been adjusted linguistically and culturally in appropriate ways which makes it suitable for tapping into Danish children's language acquisition. The study includes 6,112 randomly selected children in the age of 0 ; 8 to 3 ; 0, and results related to the development of early gestures, comprehension and production of words as well as grammatical skills, are presented.