bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Proximity-based defensive mutualism between Streptomyces and Mesorhizobium by sharing and sequestering iron
Authors: Du Xueyuan , Liu Ning , Yan Bingfa , Li Yisong , Liu Minghao , Huang Ying
Published: January 2024

Microorganisms living in soil maintain intricate interactions among themselves, forming the soil microbiota that influences the rhizosphere microbiome and plant growth. However, the mechanisms underlying the soil microbial interactions remain unclear. Streptomyces and Mesorhizobium are commonly found in soil and serve as plant growth-promoting rhizobacteria (PGPR). Here, we identified an unprecedented interaction between the colonies of red-soil-derived Streptomyces sp. FXJ1.4098 and Mesorhizobium sp. BAC0120 and referred to it as “proximity-based defensive mutualism (PBDM).” We found that metabolite-mediated iron competition and sharing between the two microorganisms were responsible for PBDM. Streptomyces sp. FXJ1.4098 produced a highly diffusible siderophore, desferrioxamine, which made iron unavailable to co-cultured Mesorhizobium sp. BAC0120, thereby inhibiting its growth. Streptomyces sp. FXJ1.4098 also released poorly diffusible iron-porphyrin complexes, which could be utilized by Mesorhizobium sp. BAC0120, thereby restoring the growth of nearby Mesorhizobium sp. BAC0120. Furthermore, in ternary interactions, the PBDM strategy contributed to the protection of Mesorhizobium sp. BAC0120 close to Streptomyces sp. FXJ1.4098 from other microbial competitors, resulting in the coexistence of these two PGPR. A scale-up pairwise interaction screening suggested that the PBDM strategy may be common between Mesorhizobium and red-soil-derived Streptomyces. These results demonstrate the key role of iron in complex microbial interactions and provide novel insights into the coexistence of PGPR in soil.
Limits to the adaptation of herbivorous spider mites to metal accumulation in homogeneous and heterogeneous environments
Authors: Godinho Diogo P , Fragata Inês , Majer Agnieszka , Rodrigues Leonor R , Magalhães Sara
Published: January 2024

Metal accumulation is used by some plants as a defence against herbivores. Yet, herbivores may adapt to these defences, becoming less susceptible. Moreover, ecosystems often contain plants that do and do not accumulate metals, but whether such heterogeneity affects herbivore adaptation remains understudied. Here, we performed experimental evolution to test whether the spider mite Tetranychus evansi adapts to plants with high cadmium concentrations, in homogeneous (plants with cadmium) or heterogeneous (plants with or without cadmium) environments. For that we used tomato plants, which accumulate cadmium, thus affecting the performance of these spider mites. We measured mite fecundity, hatching rate, and the number of adult offspring after 12 and 33 generations and habitat choice after 14 and 51 generations, detecting no trait change, which implies the absence of adaptation. We then tested whether this was due to a lack of genetic variation in the traits measured and, indeed, additive genetic variance was low. Interestingly, despite no signs of adaptation, we observed a decrease in fecundity and number of adult offspring produced on cadmium-free plants, in the populations evolving in environments with cadmium. Therefore, evolving in environments with cadmium reduces the growth rate of spider mite populations on non-accumulating plants. Possibly, other traits contributed to population persistence on plants with cadmium. This calls for more studies addressing herbivore adaptation to plant metal accumulation.
Transcription factors NtNAC028 and NtNAC080 form heterodimers to regulate jasmonic acid biosynthesis during leaf senescence in Nicotiana tabacum
Authors: Lu Mingyue , Fu Boyang , Meng Xiao , Jia Tiantian , Lu Xiaoyue , Yang Chaosha , Li Ke , Yin Pengcheng , Guo Yongfeng , Li Wei , Chi Jina , Wang Geng , Zhou Chunjiang
Published: January 2024

Plant senescence, as a highly integrated developmental stage, involves functional degeneration and nutrient redistribution. NAM/ATAF1/CUC (NAC) transcription factors orchestrate various senescence-related signals and mediate the fine-tuning underlying plant senescence. Previous data revealed that knockout of either NtNAC028 or NtNAC080 leads to delayed leaf senescence in tobacco (Nicotiana tabacum), which implies that NtNAC028 and NtNAC080 play respective roles in the regulation of leaf senescence, although they share 91.87% identity with each other. However, the mechanism underlying NtNAC028- and NtNAC080-regulated leaf senescence remains obscure. Here, we determined that NtNAC028 and NtNAC080 activate a putative jasmonic acid (JA) biosynthetic gene, NtLOX3, and enhance the JA level in vivo. We found that NtNAC028 and NtNAC080 interact with each other and themselves through their NA-terminal region. Remarkably, only the dimerization between NtNAC028 and NtNAC080 stimulated the transcriptional activation activity, but not the DNA binding activity of this heterodimer on NtLOX3. Metabolome analysis indicated that overexpression of either NtNAC028 or NtNAC080 augments both biosynthesis and degradation of nicotine in the senescent stages. Thus, we conclude that NtNAC028 cooperates with NtNAC080 and forms a heterodimer to enhance NtLOX3 expression and JA biosynthesis to trigger the onset of leaf senescence and impact secondary metabolism in tobacco.
Wheat ESCRT-III protein TaSAL1 regulates male gametophyte transmission and controls tillering and heading date
Authors: Song Chengxiang , Xie Kaidi , Chen Hao , Xu, Shuhao , Mao Hailiang
Published: January 2024

Charged multivesicular protein 1 (CHMP1) is a member of the endosomal sorting complex required for transport-III (ESCRT-III) complex that targets membrane localized signaling receptors to intralumenal vesicles in the multivesicular body of the endosome and eventually to the lysosome for degradation. Although CHMP1 plays roles in various plant growth and development processes, little is known about its function in wheat. In this study, we systematically analysed the members of the ESCRT-III complex in wheat (Triticum aestivum) and found that their orthologs were highly conserved in eukaryotic evolution. We identified CHMP1 homologous genes, TaSAL1s, and found that they were constitutively expressed in wheat tissues and essential for plant reproduction. Subcellular localization assays showed these proteins aggregated with and closely associated with the endoplasmic reticulum when ectopically expressed in tobacco leaves. We also found these proteins were toxic and caused leaf death. A genetic and reciprocal cross analysis revealed that TaSAL1 leads to defects in male gametophyte biogenesis. Moreover, phenotypic and metabolomic analysis showed that TaSAL1 may regulate tillering and heading date through phytohormone pathways. Overall, our results highlight the role of CHMP1 in wheat, particularly in male gametophyte biogenesis, with implications for improving plant growth and developing new strategies for plant breeding and genetic engineering.
Parsec-scale evolution of the gigahertz-peaked spectrum quasar PKS 0858 − 279
Authors: Kosogorov N A , Kovalev Y Y , Perucho M , Kovalev Yu A
Published: January 2024

We conducted multi-epoch, multifrequency parsec-scale studies on the gigahertz-peaked spectrum quasar PKS 0858 − 279 with the Very Long Baseline Array (VLBA). Our observations on 2005 November 26 elucidated a weak core, characterized by an inverted spectrum, and a distinctly bent jet that exhibited a notable bright feature in its Stokes I emission. Through comprehensive analysis of polarization and spectral data, we inferred the formation of a shock wave within this feature, stemming from interactions with a dense cloud in the ambient medium. In this paper, Very Long Baseline Interferometry-Gaia astrometry further reinforces the core identification. With a deep analysis of six additional VLBA epochs spanning from 2007 to 2018, we observed that while the quasar’s parsec-scale structure remained largely consistent, there were discernible flux density changes. These variations strongly imply the recurrent ejection of plasma into the jet. Complementing our VLBA data, RATAN-600 observations of the integrated spectra suggested an interaction between standing and travelling shock waves in 2005. Moreover, our multi-epoch polarization analysis revealed a drastic drop in rotation measure values from 6000 to 1000 rad m−2 within a single year, attributable to diminishing magnetic fields and particle density in an external cloud. This change is likely instigated by a shock in the cloud, triggered by the cloud’s interaction with the jet, subsequently prompting its expansion. Notably, we also observed a significant change in the magnetic field direction of the jet, from being perpendicular post its observed bend to being perpendicular prior to the bend – an alteration possibly induced by the dynamics of shock waves.
The local Universe in the era of large surveys – III. Radial activity profiles of S0 galaxies
Authors: Tous J L , Solanes J M , Perea J D , Domínguez-Sánchez H
Published: January 2024

Spatially resolved MaNGA’s optical spectra of 1072 present-day lenticular (S0) galaxies, dimensionally reduced from a principal component analysis (PCA), are used to determine their radial activity structure shaped by any possible nebular ionization source. Activity profiles within $1.5\,$Re are examined in tandem with the mass, age, ellipticity, and kinematics of the stars, as well as environmental density. Among the results of this comparison, we find that the sign of the radial activity gradient of S0s is tightly related to their PCA classification, BPT designation, and star formation status. PCA-passive lenticulars often show low-level, flat activity profiles, although there is also a significant number of systems with positive gradients, while their less common active counterparts generally have negative gradients, usually associated with high SSFRs and, sometimes, moderate Seyfert emission. A fraction of the latter also shows radial activity profiles with positive gradients, which become more abundant with increasing stellar mass regardless of environmental density. Our analysis also reveals that the subset of active S0s with negative gradients experiences at all galactocentric radii a systematic reduction in its median activity level with stellar mass, consistent with expectations for main-sequence galaxies. In contrast, passive S0s with positive gradients show the opposite behaviour. Furthermore, systems whose activity is dominated by star formation are structurally rounder than the rest of S0s, while those classified as Seyfert exhibit higher rotational support. The possibility that negative and positive activity gradients in S0s may result from rejuvenation by two distinct types of minor mergers is raised.
Intra-night optical variability of peculiar narrow-line Seyfert 1 galaxies with enigmatic jet behaviour
Authors: Ojha Vineet , Singh Veeresh , Berton M , Järvelä E
Published: January 2024

Variability studies of active galactic nuclei are a powerful diagnostic tool in understanding the physical processes occurring in disc-jet regions, unresolved by direct imaging with currently available techniques. Here, we report the first attempt to systematically characterize intra-night optical variability (INOV) for a sample of seven apparently radio-quiet narrow-line Seyfert 1 galaxies (RQNLSy1s) that had shown recurring flaring at 37 GHz in the radio observations at Metsähovi Radio Observatory, indicating the presence of relativistic jets in them, but no evidence for relativistic jets in the recent radio observations of Karl G. Jansky Very Large Array at 1.6, 5.2, and 9.0 GHz. We have conducted a total of 28 intra-night sessions, each lasting ≥3 h for this sample, resulting in an INOV duty cycle ($\overline{\mathrm{ DC}} ~\sim$ 20 per cent) similar to that reported for γ-ray-NLSy1s (DC ∼ 25 per cent–30 per cent), that display blazar-like INOV. This in turn infers the presence of relativistic jet in our sample sources. Thus, it appears that even lower mass (MBH ∼ 106 M⊙) RQNLSy1 galaxies can maintain blazar-like activities. However, we note that the magnetic reconnection in the magnetosphere of the black hole can also be a viable mechanism to give rise to the INOV from these sources.
Do Oral Cholera Vaccine and Water, Sanitation, and Hygiene Combine to Provide Greater Protection Against Cholera? Results From a Cluster-Randomized Trial of Oral Cholera Vaccine in Kolkata, India
Authors: Im Justin , Islam Md Taufiqul , Ahmmed Faisal , Kim Deok Ryun , Tadesse Birkneh Tilahun , Kang Sophie , Khanam Farhana , Chowdhury Fahima , Ahmed Tasnuva , Firoj Md Golam , Aziz Asma Binte , Hoque Masuma , Jeon Hyon Jin , Kanungo Suman , Dutta Shanta , Zaman Khalequ , Khan Ashraful Islam , Marks Florian , Kim Jerome H , Qadri Firdausi , Clemens John D
Published: January 2024

Background

Oral cholera vaccine (OCV) and incremental improvements in household water, sanitation, and hygiene (WASH) within cholera-endemic areas can reduce cholera risk. However, we lack empiric evaluation of their combined impact.

Methods

We evaluated a cluster-randomized, placebo-controlled trial of OCV (Shanchol) in Kolkata, India. The study population included 108 777 individuals, and 106 879 nonpregnant individuals >1 year of age were eligible to receive 2 doses of OCV or placebo. We measured cholera risk in all household members assigned to OCV vs placebo and in all members of households with “Better” vs “Not Better” WASH, where WASH was classified according to validated criteria. Protection was measured by Cox proportional hazard models.

Results

Residence in an OCV household was associated with protective effectiveness (PE) of 54% (95% CI, 42%–64%; P < .001) and was similar regardless of Better (PE, 57%; 95% CI, 26%–75%; P = .002) or Not Better (PE, 53%; 95% CI, 40%–64%; P < .001) household WASH. Better WASH household residence was associated with PE of 30% (95% CI, 5%–48%; P = .023) and was similar in OCV (PE, 24%; 95% CI, −26% to 54%; P = .293) and placebo (PE, 29%; 95% CI, −3% to 51%; P = .069) households. When assessed conjointly, residence in OCV households with Better WASH was associated with the greatest PE against cholera at 69% (95% CI, 49%–81%; P < .001).

Conclusions

These findings suggest that the combination of a vaccine policy and improved WASH reduces cholera risk more than either would alone, although the magnitude of either intervention was not affected by the other. Future randomized trials investigating OCV and WASH interventions separately and together are recommended to further understand the interaction between OCV and WASH.
Large Cell Neuroendocrine Prostate Cancer: Large Is Not Small
Authors: Serritella Anthony V , Beltran Himisha , Lotan Tamara L , VanderWeele David J , Karzai Fatima , Madan Ravi A , Hussain Maha
Published: January 2024

Neuroendocrine prostate cancer is complex, comprising a wide spectrum of phenotypes, which has led to very different entities being inappropriately lumped together or assumed to behave like more common entities. Elucidating subtle differences is critical for treatment decision making, as this commentary describes.
A genome-wide association study identifies genes associated with cuticular wax metabolism in maize
Authors: Xu Liping , Hao Jiaxin , Lv Mengfan , Liu Peipei , Ge Qidong , Zhang Sainan , Yang Jianping , Niu Hongbin , Wang Yiru , Xue Yadong , Lu Xiaoduo , Tang Jihua , Zheng Jun , Gou Mingyue
Published: January 2024

The plant cuticle is essential in plant defense against biotic and abiotic stresses. To systematically elucidate the genetic architecture of maize (Zea mays L.) cuticular wax metabolism, 2 cuticular wax–related traits, the chlorophyll extraction rate (CER) and water loss rate (WLR) of 389 maize inbred lines, were investigated and a genome-wide association study (GWAS) was performed using 1.25 million single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs). In total, 57 nonredundant quantitative trait loci (QTL) explaining 5.57% to 15.07% of the phenotypic variation for each QTL were identified. These QTLs contained 183 genes, among which 21 strong candidates were identified based on functional annotations and previous publications. Remarkably, 3 candidate genes that express differentially during cuticle development encode β-ketoacyl-CoA synthase (KCS). While ZmKCS19 was known to be involved in cuticle wax metabolism, ZmKCS12 and ZmKCS3 functions were not reported. The association between ZmKCS12 and WLR was confirmed by resequencing 106 inbred lines, and the variation of WLR was significant between different haplotypes of ZmKCS12. In this study, the loss-of-function mutant of ZmKCS12 exhibited wrinkled leaf morphology, altered wax crystal morphology, and decreased C32 wax monomer levels, causing an increased WLR and sensitivity to drought. These results confirm that ZmKCS12 plays a vital role in maize C32 wax monomer synthesis and is critical for drought tolerance. In sum, through GWAS of 2 cuticular wax–associated traits, this study reveals comprehensively the genetic architecture in maize cuticular wax metabolism and provides a valuable reference for the genetic improvement of stress tolerance in maize.
Evaluation of economic incentives for Chinese university patent transfers: Is increasing the inventor share rate more effective?
Authors: Chang Xuhua , Gong Lei , Zhu Yali
Published: January 2024

To promote university patent transfer (UPT) and technology diffusion, the Chinese government has implemented a series of economic incentives. One such incentive involves increasing the share rate of faculty inventors from 20% to 50%. We investigate whether such sharing arrangements are effective in encouraging patent disclosure by faculty inventors and in ultimately enhancing UPT performance. To conduct our empirical analysis, we selected the top 35 universities in China based on their rankings in terms of patent applications and collected comprehensive data pertaining to their patent applications and faculty inventors. A regression model based on propensity score matching was developed to obtain the results. The results demonstrate that the economic incentives of increased inventor share rates only partly achieved the policy goals. Specifically, increasing the inventor’s share of equity exhibits positive influences on faculty invention disclosure rates at both the faculty and patent levels but a negative impact at the university level. It also leads to an improvement in university UPT performance. In contrast, increasing the inventor’s share of royalty fails to produce the desired effect. It does not significantly contribute to promoting invention disclosure or UPT performance. From these results, this study provides better ways for Chinese university administrators and policymakers to improve the future of invention disclosures and UPT.
Validation of the dew point chilled mirror method for the measurement of water activity on solid pharmaceutical products, testing the effect of different temperatures, sample preparations, and environment exposure times
Authors: Prada-Ramírez Harold Alexis , Jurado-Ramos Janeth Carolina , Fonseca-Acevedo Juan Camilo
Published: January 2024

Objective

The objective of this investigation is to validate the dew point chilled mirror method for quantifying water activity in tablets and capsules, evaluating the effects of different temperatures, sample preparations, and local environmental exposure times.

Key findings

The validation of an acute and precise water activity measurement method has become an important goal in the pharmaceutical industry, because it may help to predict the microbiological bioburden on solid products, since most xerophilic and osmophilic microorganisms are unable to grow at water activity levels below 0.60, to safely reduce the frequency of routine microbiological analysis using conventional methods. For all the solid samples tested, a suitability of method was carried out, considering the sample preparation, environmental exposure times, and different measuring temperatures. Following USP guidelines, essential parameters such as precision (SD < 0.5), accuracy (% recovery in the 95%–105% range), linearity (R2 > 0.99), ruggedness (ANOVA, P < .05), robustness, operative range (aw 0.17–1), limits of detection (aw = 0.17), and limit of quantification (aw = 0.25) were met by the dew point methodology.

Conclusion

The dew point chilled mirror method was proven to yield accurate, precise, and robust data, making it an outstanding methodology to be implemented in the pharmaceutical industry for measuring the water activity status in tablets and capsules as a direct assessment of the microbial burden.
Hypothalamic Subunit Volumes in Schizophrenia and Bipolar Spectrum Disorders
Authors: Ruggeri Aurora , Nerland Stener , Mørch-Johnsen Lynn , Jørgensen Kjetil Nordbø , Barth Claudia , Wortinger Laura Anne , Andreou Dimitrios , Andreassen Ole A , Agartz Ingrid
Published: January 2024

Background

The hypothalamus is central to many hormonal and autonomous nervous system pathways. Emerging evidence indicates that these pathways may be disrupted in schizophrenia and bipolar disorder. Yet, few studies have examined the volumes of hypothalamic subunits in these patient groups. We compared hypothalamic subunit volumes in individuals with psychotic disorders to healthy controls.

Study Design

We included 344 patients with schizophrenia spectrum disorders (SCZ), 340 patients with bipolar disorders (BPD), and 684 age- and-sex-matched healthy controls (CTR). Total hypothalamus and five hypothalamic subunit volumes were extracted from T1-weighted magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) using an automated Bayesian segmentation method. Regression models, corrected for age, age2, sex, and segmentation-based intracranial volume (sbTIV), were used to examine diagnostic group differences, interactions with sex, and associations with clinical symptoms, antipsychotic medication, antidepressants and mood stabilizers.

Study Results

SCZ had larger volumes in the left inferior tubular subunit and smaller right anterior-inferior, right anterior-superior, and right posterior hypothalamic subunits compared to CTR. BPD did not differ significantly from CTR for any hypothalamic subunit volume, however, there was a significant sex-by-diagnosis interaction. Analyses stratified by sex showed smaller right hypothalamus and right posterior subunit volumes in male patients, but not female patients, relative to same-sex controls. There was a significant association between BPD currently taking antipsychotic medication and the left inferior tubular subunits volumes.

Conclusions

Our results show regional-specific alterations in hypothalamus subunit volumes in individuals with SCZ, with relevance to HPA-axis dysregulation, circadian rhythm disruption, and cognition impairment.
Prioritize “Food is Medicine” initiatives in the 2024 Farm Bill for human and planetary health
Authors: Adams Elizabeth L , Figueroa Roger , White Kristi E , Bell Brooke M , Alegria Katie , Yaroch Amy L
Published: January 2024

The Society of Behavioral Medicine (SBM) supports increased funding for policies in the 2024 Farm Bill that align with a Food is Medicine (FIM) framework and address multiple dimensions of human and planetary health.
Scrub typhus in Indonesia: A cross-sectional analysis of archived fever studies samples
Authors: Saraswati Kartika , Tanganuchitcharnchai Ampai , Ongchaikupt Sirada , Mukaka Mavuto , Day Nicholas P J , Baird J Kevin , Antonjaya Ungke , Myint Khin S A , Dewi Yora P , Yudhaputri Frilasita A , Haryanto Sotianingsih , Witari N P Diah , Blacksell Stuart D
Published: January 2024

Background

Scrub typhus is an understudied vector-borne bacterial infection.

Methods

We tested archived fever samples for scrub typhus seropositivity to begin charting its geographic distribution in Indonesia. We analysed 1033 serum samples from three sites. IgM and IgG enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) against Orientia tsutsugamushi was performed using Karp, Kato, Gilliam, TA 716 antigens. To determine the cutoff in the absence of a presumed unexposed population and gold standard tests, we identified the visual inflection point, performed change point analysis, and used finite mixture models.

Results

The optical density cutoff values used for IgM and IgG were 0.49 and 0.13, respectively. Across all sites, IgM seropositivity was 4.6% (95% CI: 3.4 to 6.0%) while IgG seropositivity was 4.4% (95% CI: 3.3 to 5.8%). The overall seropositivity across sites was 8.8% (95% CI: 8.1 to 11.7%). The overall seropositivity for Jambi, Denpasar, Tabanan were 9.7% (95% CI: 7.0 to 13.3%), 8.0% (95% CI: 5.7 to 11.0%), 9.0% (95% CI: 6.1 to 13.0%), respectively.

Conclusions

We conclude that O. tsutsugamushi exposure in humans occurred at all sites analysed and could be the cause of illness in some cases. Though it was not the main cause of acute fever in these locations, it is still important to consider scrub typhus in cases not responding to beta-lactam antibiotics. Future seroprevalence surveys and testing for scrub typhus in acute febrile illness studies will be essential to understand its distribution and burden in Indonesia.
New Cretaceous neosuchians (Crocodylomorpha) from Thailand bridge the evolutionary history of atoposaurids and paralligatorids
Authors: Pochat-Cottilloux Yohan , Lauprasert Komsorn , Chanthasit Phornphen , Manitkoon Sita , Adrien Jérôme , Lachambre Joël , Amiot Romain , Martin Jeremy E
Published: January 2024

The origin of modern crocodylians is rooted in the Cretaceous, but their evolutionary history is obscure because the relationships of outgroups and transitional forms are poorly resolved. Here, we describe a new form, Varanosuchus sakonnakhonensis gen. nov., sp. nov., from the Early Cretaceous of Thailand that fills an evolutionary gap between Paralligatoridae and Atoposauridae, two derived neosuchian lineages with previously unsettled phylogenetic relationships. Three individuals, including a complete skull and associated postcranial remains, allow for a detailed description and phylogenetic analysis. The new taxon is distinguished from all other crocodylomorphs by an association of features, including a narrow altirostral morphology, a dorsal part of the postorbital with an anterolaterally facing edge, a depression on the posterolateral surface of the maxilla, and fully pterygoid-bound choanae. A phylogenetic analysis confirms the monophyly and taxonomic content of Atoposauridae and Paralligatoridae, and we underline the difficulty in reaching a robust definition of Eusuchia. Furthermore, we put forward further arguments related to the putative terrestrial ecology with semi-aquatic affinities of atoposaurids based on their altirostral snout morphology and osteoderm ornamentation.
Initiatives Targeting Patients
Authors: Yarycky Laney , Castillo Louise I. R. , Gagnon Michelle M. , Hadjistavropoulos Thomas
Published: January 2024

Objectives:

Older adults frequently suffer from pain but are often unaware of self-management and other strategies that can help improve their condition. In a related article, we reported on pain assessment and management knowledge translation initiatives related to older adults that were targeting health professionals. In this paper, we report on initiatives targeting older adults.

Methods:

Using systematic review methodology, the Cumulative Index to Nursing and Allied Health Literature (CINAHL), MEDLINE, PsycInfo, and Web of Science databases were searched from inception to June 2023. Pain-related KT programs targeted towards older adults, their informal caregivers and health care professionals were examined.

Results:

From an initial 21,669 search results, 172 studies met our inclusion criteria. Of these studies, 49 targeted older adults. These studies varied widely in focus and delivery format, but the majority were associated with significant risk of bias. Older adults with musculoskeletal pain were the primary recipients of education. Most programs were classified as knowledge mobilization initiatives. The remainder were considered self-management programs. Knowledge users were satisfied with the suitability of information presented, and patient outcomes were a primary concern across all studies. Behavioral changes and pain management outcomes, however, were underemphasized in the literature.

Discussion:

Knowledge acquisition outcomes are overrepresented in the current literature compared to behavioral outcomes changes. Nonetheless, older adults report benefitting from the guidance provided in self-management programs when applying knowledge to practice. Future research is needed to better understand the facilitators and barriers to pain management changes in this population.
Activity Restrictions After Gynecologic Surgery
Authors: Mueller Margaret G. , Kenton Kimberly
Published: January 2024

Gynecologic surgeons have traditionally restricted the physical activity of postoperative patients. Minimally invasive surgery and enhanced recovery after surgery programs have contributed to decreased hospital stays and more expeditious recovery. In this narrative review, we review the current state of postoperative activity restrictions in gynecology and other specialties, the purported risks and potential benefits of postoperative activity, the available evidence to refute or support activity in the postoperative activity, and, finally, the potential benefit of added activity in the postoperative period.
Does Topical Vancomycin Powder Use in Fracture Surgery Change Bacteriology and Antibiotic Susceptibilities? An Analysis of the VANCO Trial
Authors: Joshi Manjari , O’Toole Robert V. , Carlini Anthony R. , Gary Joshua L. , Obremskey William T. , Murray Clinton K. , Gaski Greg , Reid J. Spence , Degani Yasmin , Taylor Tara J. , Collins Susan C. , ScM Yanjie Huang , Whiting Paul S. , Patterson Joseph T. , Lee Olivia C. , Castillo Renan C. ,   METRC
Published: January 2024

OBJECTIVE:

To determine whether intrawound vancomycin changes the bacteriology of surgical site infection pathogens and investigate the emergence of antibiotic-resistant pathogens.

METHODS:

Design:

Secondary analysis of phase III, prospective, randomized clinical trial.

Setting:

Thirty-six US trauma centers.

Patient Selection Criteria:

Patients who became infected after fixation of tibial plateau or pilon fracture.

Outcome Measures and Comparisons:

Pathogen types and bacterial susceptibilities as determined from routine clinical culture in the operating room.

RESULTS:

74 patients were studied that were 67.5% male with a mean age of 48.6 years. A lower proportion of gram-positive cocci was observed in the vancomycin powder compared to the standard of care group (3.7% vs. 8.0%, p=0.01). Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) infection incidence was comparable in both the vancomycin powder and standard of care groups, but rates of methicillin-susceptible Staphylococcus aureus (MSSA) infections were lower in the treatment group (1.4% vs. 4.8%, p=0.01). The incidence of coagulase-negative Staphylococci (CoNS) and gram-negative rod infections were similar in both groups. There was no significant difference in susceptibilities between groups in rates of vancomycin-resistant enterococcus.

CONCLUSION:

Topical vancomycin powder decreases the likelihood of gram-positive infections consistent with the biologic activity of vancomycin. Fewer MSSA and CoNS infections were observed in the group treated with vancomycin powder. An effect of vancomycin powder on MRSA infection risk was not detected given the low incidence in both the intrawound vancomycin and standard of care groups. There was no emergence of gram-negative rod infections or increased resistance patterns observed. Use of topical vancomycin powder does not appear to produce infections in these patients with greater antibiotic resistance than would have occurred without its use.
Age-Stratified Sex Differences in Heart Failure With Preserved Ejection Fraction Among Adult Hospitalizations
Authors: Mogos Mulubrhan F. , Muchira James M. , Park Chorong , Osmundson Sarah , Piano Mariann R.
Published: January 2024

Background

There is evidence that heart failure with preserved ejection fraction (HFpEF)–related hospitalizations are increasing in the United States. However, there is a lack of knowledge about HFpEF-related hospitalizations among younger adults.

Objective

The aims of this study were to perform a retrospective analysis using the Nationwide Inpatient Sample and to examine age-stratified sex differences in the prevalence, correlates, and outcomes of HFpEF-related hospitalization across the adult life span.

Method

Using the Nationwide Inpatient Sample (2002–2014), patient and hospital characteristics were determined. Joinpoint regression was used to describe age-stratified sex differences in the annual average percent change of hospitalizations with HFpEF. Survey logistic regression was used to estimate adjusted odds ratios representing the association of sex with HFpEF-related hospitalization and in-hospital mortality.

Results

There were 8 599 717 HFpEF-related hospitalizations (2.43% of all hospitalizations). Women represented the majority (5 459 422 [63.48%]) of HFpEF-related adult hospitalizations, compared with men (3 140 295 [36.52%]). Compared with men younger than 50 years, women within the same age group were 6% to 28% less likely to experience HFpEF-related hospitalization. Comorbidities such as hypertensive heart disease, renal disease, hypertension, obstructive sleep apnea, atrial fibrillation, obesity, anemia, and pulmonary edema explained a greater proportion of the risk of HFpEF-related hospitalization in adults younger than 50 years than in adults 50 years or older.

Conclusion

Before the age of 50 years, women exhibit lower HFpEF-related hospitalization than men, a pattern that reverses with advancing age. Understanding and addressing the factors contributing to these sex-specific differences can have several potential implications for improving women's cardiovascular health.
Psychometric Evaluation of the Heart Failure Somatic Perception Scale in a Middle Eastern Heart Failure Population
Authors: Massouh Angela R. , Makhoul Melissa , Noureddine Samar , Jurgens Corrine Y.
Published: January 2024

Background

The Heart Failure Somatic Perception Scale (HFSPS) is an 18-item instrument used to assess how bothersome are common signs and symptoms of heart failure (HF). To date, the psychometric properties of the HFSPS have been tested in American, Italian, and Japanese samples.

Objective

The aim of this study was to evaluate the validity and reliability of the HFSPS in a population of Lebanese patients living with HF.

Methods

A rigorous translation and back-translation process was performed. Cultural appropriateness ratings were assessed by an expert panel. Exploratory factor analysis was conducted to confirm construct validity, whereas an independent t test using the Minnesota Living With HF Questionnaire's scores was conducted to confirm convergent validity. Pearson correlation was performed to confirm discriminant validity using the Self-Care in HF Index Management subscale, whereas predictive validity was evaluated using the Control Attitudes Scale-Revised. Internal consistency reliability was evaluated using Cronbach α.

Results

A total of 109 patients (mean age, 63.66 ± 10.55 years; 69.7% male) were included. A series of exploratory factor analyses was conducted and resulted in a 4-factor model. Cronbach α was 0.869. Convergent (high correlation with total Minnesota Living With HF Questionnaire; r = 0.762, P < .0001), discriminant (no correlation with self-care management; r = 0.180, P = .078), and predictive (significant correlation with the Control Attitudes Scale-Revised; r = −0.523, P < .0001) validity was supported.

Conclusion

The reliability and validity of the HFSPS were supportive in this Middle Eastern sample. The HFSPS can be used to assess how bothersome HF symptoms are to improve their management.
Patients' Perceptions of Hybrid and Virtual-Only Care Models During the Cardiac Rehabilitation Patient Journey
Authors: Vanzella Lais Manata , Cotie Lisa M. , Flores-Hukom Madeleine , Marzolini Susan , Konidis Renee , Ghisi Gabriela Lima de Melo
Published: January 2024

Background

The COVID-19 pandemic initially led to discontinuation of the “traditional” center-based cardiac rehabilitation (CR) model. Virtual models emerged as an opportunity to deliver care, with many programs continuing to offer these models.

Objective

The aim of this study was to explore patients' perceptions of virtual models of either hybrid (combining center-based and virtual) or virtual-only CR since the pandemic.

Methods

Men and women who chose to participate in hybrid or virtual CR models between January 2022 and January 2023 were invited to attend 1 of 8 focus group sessions. Focus groups were conducted online until thematic saturation was reached. Transcripts were analyzed using thematic analysis.

Results

Twenty-three patients (48% female; 83% attending hybrid CR) participated in the study. Analysis revealed 12 overarching themes associated with the CR patient journey: pre-CR, namely, (1) importance of endorsement from healthcare providers and (2) need for education/communication while waiting for program initiation; during CR, namely, (3) preference for class composition/structure, (4) need to enhance peer support in the virtual environment, (5) convenience and concerns with virtual sessions, (6) necessity of on-site sessions, (7) safety of the exercise prescription, (8) requirement/obligation for allied health offerings, (9) satisfaction with virtual education, and (10) use of technology to facilitate CR participation; and post-CR, namely, (11) acknowledgment of program completion and (12) need for support/education after program graduation.

Conclusions

Patients require ongoing support from time of referral to beyond CR program completion. Physical, psychosocial, nutritional, and educational supports are needed. Perceptions expressed by patients related to the program model are modifiable, and strategies to address these perceptions should be explored.
Comparing Group Versus Individual Prenatal Care on Breastfeeding Practice and Motivational Factors
Authors: Gray Heewon L. , Rancourt Diana , Masho Saba , Stern Marilyn
Published: January 2024

Objective:

Although breastfeeding in the first 6 months postpartum benefits both infants and mothers, breastfeeding rates remain low. This study examined whether group prenatal care was associated with an increased breastfeeding initiation and duration compared with those receiving usual, individual prenatal care. A secondary aim was to investigate whether sociodemographic and motivational factors were associated with breastfeeding initiation and duration across prenatal care groups.

Methods:

Pregnant women in their third trimester (n = 211) from an innercity university medical center participated. Prenatal care type was identified from the medical chart, and data on breastfeeding duration at 1, 3, and 6 months postpartum were collected. Breastfeeding motivational factors were assessed with a survey. Logistic regressions and independent-samples t tests were used for data analyses.

Results:

After controlling for demographic factors, group prenatal care was associated with increased breastfeeding at 6 months postpartum (odds ratio = 2.66; P = .045) compared with individual care. Breastfeeding intention (P < .001), competence (P = .003), and autonomous motivation (P < .001) were significantly higher, while amotivation (P = .034) was significantly lower in group compared with individual prenatal care.

Conclusions:

Breastfeeding persistence was higher among women receiving group prenatal care, potentially due to motivational factors. Future studies should investigate how breastfeeding motivational factors could be effectively targeted in prenatal care to increase breastfeeding persistence.
Advancing Cochlear Implant Programming: X-ray Guided Anatomy-Based Fitting
Authors: Alahmadi Asma , Abdelsamad Yassin , Thabet Elsaeid M. , Hafez Ahmed , Alghamdi Fares , Badr Khalid M. , Alghamdi Saeed , Hagr Abdulrahman
Published: January 2024

Background

Anatomy-based fitting (ABF) is a new research area in the field of cochlear implants (CIs). Despite the reported benefits and acceptable levels of ABF among CI recipients, some limitations remain, like the postoperative computed tomography (CT) scan, which is preferred for confirming electrode array insertion.

Objective

This study aimed to investigate the feasibility of using plain film radiography (X-ray) for postoperative electrode detection and for building ABF as an alternative to CT.

Methods

A total of 53 ears with CI were studied. All cases had routine post-insertion X-rays in the cochlear view and additionally underwent postoperative CT. The insertion angles and center frequencies measured by two independent observers were compared for each imaging modality. The angular insertion depth and center frequencies resulting from the X-ray and CT scans were then compared.

Results

No significant differences were observed between the X-ray– and CT-measured angles for the electrode contacts. Radiographic measurements between the two readers showed an almost perfect (≥0.8) or substantial (0.71) intraclass correlation coefficient along the electrode contacts. X-ray images showed a mean difference of 4.7 degrees from CT. The mean semitone deviation of the central frequency between the CT and X-ray images was 0.6.

Conclusions

X-ray imaging provides a valid and easy-to-perform alternative to CT imaging, with less radiation exposure and lower costs. The radiographs showed excellent concordance with the CT-measured angular insertion depth and consequently with the central frequency for most electrode contacts. Therefore, plain X-ray could be a viable alternative in building ABF for the CI recipients.
Experiences of Percutaneous Endoscopic Approach for the Mastoid Lesions: A Novel Minimally Invasive Ear Surgery
Authors: Uchida Masaya , Morioka Shigefumi , Mizutari Kunio
Published: January 2024

Objectives

We developed a novel keyhole surgery, named “percutaneous endoscopic ear surgery” (PEES), with the aim of further reducing the invasiveness of otologic surgery. We reported the cases we encountered and retrospectively analyzed the invasiveness of PEES.

Methods

We analyzed the ears of eight patients who underwent PEES for mastoid lesions that could not be manipulated with transcanal endoscopic ear surgery (TEES) at our hospital between July 2021 and November 2022. We performed PEES alone in three patients, including one case of type A (preauricular incision) and two cases of type B (retroauricular incision). The last five patients underwent combined endoscopic ear surgery, which is simultaneous PEES and TEES. In these cases, one patient underwent type A PEES, and four patients underwent type B PEES.

Results

PEES was performed in all patients without converting to conventional microscopic mastoidectomy. The mean length of skin incisions was 19.1 ± 4.5 mm, which was smaller than that in conventional mastoidectomy. In all cases, the average length of the major axis of the keyhole was <10 mm, indicating that sufficient minimally invasive surgery was achieved. The average depth from the keyhole to the deepest site was 21.6 ± 8.9 mm. There was no change in the mean hearing level before and after the surgery.

Conclusion

PEES is a minimally invasive procedure for manipulating lesions in the mastoid. In addition, the combination of PEES and TEES is an ideal, minimally invasive procedure that can be used to treat all regions of the temporal bone.
Metabolic failure due to thiamine deficiency during critical illness
Authors: Cobilinschi Cristian , Andrei Cosmin-Andrei , Grinţescu Ioana Marina , Mirea Liliana
Published: January 2024

Purpose of review

Thiamine is a crucial component in cellular energy metabolism, serving as a cofactor for multiple enzymatic processes and also having a role in regulating neuronal and neuromuscular transmission. Also it exerts antioxidant proprieties. The objective of this review is to consolidate and assess the most recent research concerning the consequences of insufficient thiamine levels for critically ill patients and to examine thiamine-related interventions.

Recent findings

Recent studies have unveiled a noteworthy association between thiamine deficiency and unfavorable consequences, such as heightened morbidity and fatality rates. The aforementioned deficiency exhibits a significant presence in medical situations such as starvation and alcohol use disorder, but also in patients during critical illness. Thiamine deficiency can have significant metabolic implications resulting in compromised energy generation and organ dysfunction, warranting prompt recognition and management.

Thiamine deficiency may not be recognized in critical care. Timely identification and management are imperative to mitigate adverse outcomes and improve patient prognosis. Thiamine may offer benefits for specific patient groups at higher risk of deficiency. Future studies should focus to establish optimal dosing, timing, and monitoring strategies on understanding the pathophysiological changes associated with thiamine deficiency in ICU patients and clarify its role in improving clinical outcomes.
Bacterial infections in solid organ transplant recipients
Authors: Courjon Johan , Neofytos Dionysios , van Delden Christian
Published: January 2024

Purpose of review

Bacteria are the leading cause of infections in solid organ transplant (SOT) recipients, significantly impacting patient outcome. Recently detailed and comprehensive epidemiological data have been published.

Recent finding

This literature review aims to provide an overview of bacterial infections affecting different types of SOT recipients, emphasizing underlying risk factors and pathophysiological mechanisms.

Lung transplantation connects two microbiotas: one derived from the donor's lower respiratory tract with one from the recipient's upper respiratory tract. Similarly, liver transplantation involves a connection to the digestive tract and its microbiota through the bile ducts. For heart transplant recipients, specific factors are related to the management strategies for end-stage heart failure based with different circulatory support tools. Kidney and kidney–pancreas transplant recipients commonly experience asymptomatic bacteriuria, but recent studies have suggested the absence of benefice of routine treatment. Bloodstream infections (BSI) are frequent and affect all SOT recipients. Nonorgan-related risk factors as age, comorbidity index score, and leukopenia contribute to BSI development. Bacterial opportunistic infections have become rare in the presence of efficient prophylaxis. Understanding the epidemiology, risk factors, and pathophysiology of bacterial infections in SOT recipients is crucial for effective management and improved patient outcomes.