bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Influence of Capital Gains Tax Policy on Credibility of Unverified Disclosures
Authors: Williams Michael G. , Hughes John S. , Levine Carolyn B.
Published: March 2010

ABSTRACT: In this study, we consider the effects of the asymmetry in capital gains tax policy on the communication of private information to investors. Assuming quite plausibly that firm managers tend to favor current stockholder returns relative to future stockholder returns, though not exclusively, we identify conditions under which limitations on the deductibility of capital losses lend efficacy to unverified public disclosures that allow managers of higher value firms to separate from lower value firms in equilibrium. Although the tax asymmetry by itself may not be enough to enable separation, we show how it would nevertheless contribute to the efficiency of separation through explicitly dissipative signals. It further follows that if separation would occur by means of a dissipative signal in any event, then the tax asymmetry is welfare-enhancing. Our findings demonstrate that tax asymmetry can help resolve information asymmetry.
In Situ Study of In-office Bleaching Procedures Using Light Sources on Human Enamel Microhardness
Authors: Araujo F. O. , Baratieri L. N. , Araújo É
Published: March 2010

Clinical Relevance

Regardless of the light sources used, the microhardness of human dental enamel did not present significant changes 14 days after in-office bleaching.
Effect of Dual Cure Composite as Dentin Substitute on the Marginal Integrity of Class II Open-Sandwich Restorations
Authors: Koubi S. , Raskin A. , Dejou J. , About I. , Tassery H. , Camps J. , Proust J-P.
Published: March 2010

Clinical Relevance

Dual-curing composites may present a good alternative to RMGIC in open-sandwich restorations and act as a dentin substitute. However, this study showed that RMGIC remains the best intermediate material when open-sandwich restorations are indicated.
Immediate Tooth Replacement Using Fiber-reinforced Composite and Natural Tooth Pontic
Authors: Kermanshah H. , Motevasselian F.
Published: March 2010

Clinical Relevance

This case report describes a restorative procedure for immediate tooth replacement using a natural tooth pontic and fiber-reinforced composite following extraction in an area of severe localized bone loss.
Intestinal Spirochetosis in Children: Five New Cases and a 20-Year Review of the Literature
Authors: Carpentieri David F. , Souza-Morones Stephanie , Gardetto Jennifer S. , Ross Hillary M. , Downey Katherine , Ingebo Kristy , Siaw Emmanuel
Published: March 2010

Intestinal spirochetosis (IS) is an unusual infection in children, one with no standard therapeutic options. This article reports the findings on 5 new cases in conjunction with a 20-year review of the pediatric literature. The diagnosis of IS in children requires a high degree of suspicion by the physician, as many cases present with abdominal pain, chronic diarrhea, and/or hematochezia associated with a normal endoscopic examination. Silver stains (Dieterle or Whartin-Starry) are the preferred confirmatory stains on tissue sections. Giemsa (Diff-Quik) and periodic acid–Schiff stains may also be of value. Current literature favors the use of metronidazole in adult patients with IS, yet little information is available regarding treatment options in pediatric cases. This review indicates that a macrolide antibiotic with or without metronidazole may represent the best therapeutic choice for children. Further investigations are needed to determine the correlation between IS and coexisting gastrointestinal diseases and/or immunodeficiencies.
Tree-Ring Chronology of Silver Fir and Its Dependence on Climate of the Kaszubskie Lakeland (Northern Poland)
Authors: Bijak Szymon
Published: March 2010

The current paper presents investigation of the response of silver firs growing near Kartuzy in the Kaszubskie Lakeland (northern Poland) to climate conditions. Tree-ring width series covering the period of 1914-2006 were built and correlated with mean monthly temperature and precipitation. Dependence of the growth of analysed firs on winter, early spring and summer temperature was observed. Significant relation to moisture availability was detected only for January. Analysis of pointer years revealed similar driving forces that were obtained by correlation and response function investigation. Reaction of firs from the Kaszubskie Lakeland to the extreme climate conditions is analogous to the exhibited at other sites of this species localised outside distribution range. Investigated silver firs seem to have found favourable growth conditions in the studied area and further cultivation of that species in northern Poland may turn to be successful.
Environmental Changes and Human Impact on Holocene Evolution of the Horodyska River Valley (Lublin Upland, East Poland)
Authors: Dobrowolski Radosław , Pidek Irena , Gołub Stanisław , Dzieńkowski Tomasz
Published: March 2010

Interdisciplinary palaeoenvironmental studies, conducted near the multi-cultural archaeological sites in the Horodyska River valley (Lublin Upland, East Poland), enable to reconstruct natural and anthropogenic changes of fluvial landscape in the Holocene. The changes are evidenced by the results of archaeological, geological, sedimentological and palynological investigations, as well as radiocarbon and thermoluminescence dating. The Horodyska fluvial system started functioning at the turn of the Late Vistulian and Preboreal. From the beginning of the Subatlantic the record of environmental changes in valley deposits bears the mark of human impact. Main phases of settlement on the river valley bottom (higher terrace) correspond to rather dry periods (Neolithic, Bronze Age, Halstadt period, period of Roman influence, early Middle Ages). Moistening of climate and its associated rise of groundwater level forced people to move settlement on the loess plateau and found a stronghold at the turn of the 11th and 12th centuries.
Intimacy: From Transformation to Transmutation
Authors: Bianchi Gabriel
Published: March 2010

Intimacy: From Transformation to Transmutation

The paper reflects the historical and current dynamism of the concept of intimacy. Besides differences between scientific disciplines in understanding what the substance of intimacy is, the recent discourse on change in intimacy has been dominated by the transformation theme introduced by Anthony Giddens (1992). Led by reflections of Richard Sennett (1986) the author draws attention to the opposite aspect of change in intimacy—the change in content, or the "transmutation" of intimacy. Transmutation of intimacy—the substitution of the satisfaction of intimate needs with identity creation—not only contests the very essence of intimacy, but also constitutes a significant challenge for the project of intimate citizenship (Plummer 2003).
Sexual Orientation as Symbolic Capital and as the "Object" of Symbolic Violence
Authors: Kövérová Štefánia
Published: March 2010

Sexual Orientation as Symbolic Capital and as the "Object" of Symbolic Violence

Sexual orientation is currently understood to be an innate disposition. Heterosexually oriented people are perceived to be in the majority and homosexually oriented people as the minority. Using Pierre Bourdieu's concepts of symbolic power, symbolic violence and symbolic capital, this paper aims to show how symbolic power and symbolic violence contribute to determining which sexual orientation is associated with the majority and minority populations, and establish what role is played by the symbolic capital derived from sexual orientation.
On-Line Discussion and Public Deliberation
Authors: Ondrušek Dušan
Published: March 2010

On-Line Discussion and Public Deliberation

This paper surveys how the principles of the development of collective intelligence in on-line discussion and the consequences of the open source movement can influence the shape and recommended format of public deliberation processes. It raises the question of the conditions and factors which explain the difference in the quality of discussion results when technological issues are discussed and when values are discussed. It also raises the question of the importance of formats and types of facilitation which allow for deliberation to be structured towards achieving better productivity and the more effective participation of discussion participants.
Bad Dates and Street Hassles: Violence in the Winnipeg Street Sex Trade
Authors: Comack Elizabeth , Seshia Maya
Published: March 2010

Violence has become an all too regular feature of the street sex trade, yet we know very little about the nature of this violence and even less about its perpetrators. In order to map out the social characteristics of the perpetrators, the location where these events are most likely to occur, the forms of the violence that take place, and the presence of weapons, this study draws on data gleaned from reports of “bad dates” and “street hassles” published in two newsletters distributed by inner-city agencies in Winnipeg. The findings support the view that working in the street sex trade is a job that carries considerable risk. While violence against street sex trade workers is part of the continuum of violence against women, the social circumstances in which they work and the “discourse of disposal” that prevails combine to make street sex trade workers even more susceptible to this violence.
Synthesis of Novel Metal Complexes with Isonicotinoyl Hydrazide and their Antibacterial Activity
Authors: El-Tabl Abdou S. , El-Bahnasawy Ramadan M. , Shakdofa M.M.E. , Hamdy Alaa El-Deen Abdalah Ibrahim
Published: March 2010

A new series of Mn(II), Co(II), Ni(II), Cu(II), Fe(III), Zn(II), Cd(II), Zr(IV) and Ag(I) complexes of 1-(2-phenylhydrazone propane-2-ylidene) isonicotinoylhydrazide (1) have been prepared and characterised. The complexes are non electrolytes and the ESR spectra of the solid complexes [Cu(1)2(OAc)2].3H2O, (3), [CuCl2(1)].0.5H2O, (8), [Mn(1)2(OAc)2].H2O, (5) and [MnCl2(1)2].2H2O, (11) are isotropic, whereas those of [Co(1)2(OAc)2].3H2O, (4) and [Co(1)(NO3)2]. 1.5H2O, (20) are non-axial and axial in type. Antibacterial studies show that the metal complexes exhibit a greater inhibitory effect than (1).
A Highly Regioselective Synthesis of 8-Hydroxy-3-Sulfanyl-7-Undecyl-5H-[1,2,4]Triazolo[3,4-b][1,3,4]Benzothiadiazole-6,9-Dione and its Derivatives
Authors: Vakiti Srinivas , Rao Vedula Rajeswar
Published: March 2010

Regioselective synthesis of novel 8-hydroxy-3-sulfanyl-7-undecyl-5H-[1,2,4]triazolo[3,4-b][1,3,4]benzothiadiazole-6,9-dione (3) by condensation of 2-bromo-3,6-dihydroxy-5-undecyl-1,4-benzoquinone (bromoembelin) (1) with 4-amino-4H-1,2,4-triazole-3,5-dithiol (2) in ethanol. Reaction of 3 with various alkyl, aralkyl and phenacyl halides gave the corresponding thioethers (4).
Hydrazine Derivatives and O-Benzoylbenzoic Acid as a Source of Phthalazines with their Antimicrobial Activities
Authors: Hemdan Magdy M. , Taha Sherif M. , Gabr Adel M. , Elkady Mohamed Y.
Published: March 2010

Starting from 2-benzoylbenzoic acid (1) and prototype hydrazine itself or some of its simple congeners produce phthalazin-1(2H)-one derivatives 2a–d. Reactions of 2 with P2S5 or POCl3 gave their thione derivatives 3a–c or the chloro derivative 4 respectively. Further reactions of phthalazines 3 and 4 with hydrazine derivatives afforded their hydrazinyl derivatives 5a–d. Compounds 5a and 5d were used as a precursor to triazolo 6 and pyrazolyl phthalazines 7. The antimicrobial activities of some of the prepared phthalazines were tested.
3-Oxo-11β-Hydroxyfriedelane from the Roots of Celastrus Monospermus
Authors: Chen Ming-Xiang , Wang Ding-Yong , Guo Jiao
Published: March 2010

A new friedelane type triterpene, 3-oxo-11β-hydroxyfriedelane, named as monospermol, was isolated from the roots of Celastrus monospermus Roxb.(Celastraceae) along with seven known compounds friedelin, 3,12-dioxofriedelane, 3-oxo-28-hydroxyfriedelane, 3-oxo-12α-hydroxyfriedelane, β-sitosterol, pristimerin and celastrol. Structural formula and the stereochemistry of the new friedelane type triterpene 1 were established through 1H NMR and 13C NMR spectral data including 2D experiments (HMBC, HSQC, 1H-1H COSY and NOESY) and high resolution mass spectrometry.
A Domino Michael–Dieckmann-Peterson Approach to the Synthesis of Substituted Hydroxyquinolines and Hydroxyisoquinolines
Authors: Panda Biswajit , Basak Sankar , Hazra Anindya , Sarkar Tarun K.
Published: March 2010

A domino Michael–Dieckmann–Peterson approach to the synthesis of functionalised hydroxyquinolines and hydroxyisoquinolines is described.
Dynamical Jumping Real-Time Fault-Tolerant Routing Protocol for Wireless Sensor Networks
Authors: Wu Guowei , Lin Chi , Xia Feng , Yao Lin , Zhang He , Liu Bing
Published: March 2010

In time-critical wireless sensor network (WSN) applications, a high degree of reliability is commonly required. A dynamical jumping real-time fault-tolerant routing protocol (DMRF) is proposed in this paper. Each node utilizes the remaining transmission time of the data packets and the state of the forwarding candidate node set to dynamically choose the next hop. Once node failure, network congestion or void region occurs, the transmission mode will switch to jumping transmission mode, which can reduce the transmission time delay, guaranteeing the data packets to be sent to the destination node within the specified time limit. By using feedback mechanism, each node dynamically adjusts the jumping probabilities to increase the ratio of successful transmission. Simulation results show that DMRF can not only efficiently reduce the effects of failure nodes, congestion and void region, but also yield higher ratio of successful transmission, smaller transmission delay and reduced number of control packets.
Tourism and Crime: A Typological Analysis
Authors: Francis Ronald
Published: March 2010

This article addresses the issue of crime in relation to tourism—and is not nation specific. The aim here is to provide a frame of reference, and illustrations, for studies of tourism and crime: it is a conceptual outline rather than a meta-study of empirical research. It is argued
here that an understanding of the range, types, and implications of tourism and crime is as important, at this stage, as is reportage of individual substantive findings. Thus, this article attempts to provide a typology that might provide a frame of reference for future studies, and is not
a meta-study. Tourism and crime is a part of the larger issue of tourist satisfaction, and of the well-being of tourist host places. Among the issues here are those of tourists as perpetrators, and tourists as victims; the limitations of officially recorded facts of crime and perceptions of
risk; crimes specific to tourism; and the implications for residence, citizenship, and fugitive status. Many studies on tourism report, quite rightly, on the economic benefits of tourism. That position should also be seen as complemented by the countervailing views of the economic and social
costs [economic (ir)rationalism versus social (ir)rationalism]. While it is possible to make estimates of the economic costs of tourist-implicated crime, it is more difficult to assess the social and political implications. This article attempts to provide a conceptual analysis that may aid
that process.
РАЗРАБОТКА НОВОЙ КЕРАМИЧЕСКОЙ НАСАДКИ ДЛЯ АБСОРБЦИОННЫХ АППАРАТОВ, ОБЛАДАЮЩЕЙ БОЛЬШЕЙ УДЕЛЬНОЙ ПОВЕРХНОСТЬЮ
Authors: Sokolov Andrey , Pushnov Aleksandr , Lagutkin Michael , Petrashova Ekaterina , Sidelnikov Ivan , Maslova Svetlana
Published: March 2010

This paper presents hydraulic test results of a new effective ceramic random packing for gas emission clearing devices. The new ring packing from ceramics is formed of two half‐rings connected between themselves by a general square partition. Thus the half‐rings are turned from each other at 90° angle, have apertures and goffers which are located on the external surface. The developed packing has a larger surface in comparison with Raschig rings. By test results it is established that the new packing of the type N3C can be used as an alternative to the Raschig rings in fixed ranges of loadings at realization of the process of absorption. Santrauka Darbe pristatomi keramines ikrovos, naudojamos teršalams iš duju valyti, hidraulinio pasipriešinimo duomenys. Nauja žiedines formos keramine ikrova sudaryta iš dvieju pusžiedžiu. Abu pusžiedžiai pasukti vienas i kita 90° kampu bei sujungti bendra kvadratine pertvara. Ju paviršius yra gofruotas bei su angomis. Ši keramine ikrova (N3C tipo) tobulesn€, palyginti su Rašigo žiedais. Iš rezultatu akivaizdu, kad ji gali buti s€kmingai naudojama vietoj Rašigo žiedu absorbcijos procese. Резюме Приведены результаты гидравлических испытаний новой эффективной керамической насыпной насадки для аппаратов очистки газовых выбросов. Новая кольцевая насадка из керамики выполнена в виде двух полуколец, соединенных между собой общей квадратной перегородкой. При этом полукольца повернуты относительно друг друга на 90°, имеют сквозные отверстия и гофры, расположенные по наружной поверхности. Разработанная насадка имеет более развитую поверхность по сравнению с кольцами Рашига. По результатам испытаний установлено, что новая насадка типа N3C может быть использована в качестве альтернативы кольцам Рашига в установленных диапазонах нагрузок при осуществлении процесса абсорбции.
THE COMPLEXITIES OF PERCEIVED AND EMPIRICAL REALITY ON ENVIRONMENTAL PERFORMANCE: INDUSTRIAL CASE STUDIES IN CHINA, LITHUANIA AND POLAND
Authors: Craig John H. S. , Lemon Mark
Published: March 2010

The culture of a company is often cited as the basis for how well that company performs both economically and environmentally. This can also lead to the development and adoption of generic management approaches that fail to adequately acknowledge the existence of multiple cultures within the organization or the potential disjuncture between how performance is perceived by personnel and any attempts to measure that performance in an ‘objective’ manner. This failure to respond to the complexity of multiple cultures and perceived performance and the instigation of over‐arching management systems can discourage constructive dissent and hinder the related capacity for innovation and improvement. This paper draws upon research into the level of congruence between perceived and objective measures of environmental performance in thirteen factories from the heavy industrial sector in China and Eastern Europe. It presents findings that suggest managerial interactions, both laterally and vertically, are mediated by socio‐cultural networks within and between family, community and workplace, resulting in a high level of unbounded complexity that influences the alignment between perceived and objective environmental realities. Santrauka Imones kultūra dažnai siejama su imones ekonominiu ir aplinkosauginiu veiksmingumu. Tai veda prie bendru valdymo principu pletojimo ir taikymo, tačiau šie principai nepakankamai ivertina organizacijoje egzistuojančias daugialypes kultūras arba galima atskirti tarp darbuotoju suvokiamo aplinkosauginio veiksmingumo ir bandymu ji “objektyviai” išmatuoti. Straipsnyje pateiktas tyrimas susijes su isivaizduojamu ir objektyviu aplinkosauginio veiksmingumo priemoniu palyginimu trylikoje Kinijos ir Rytu Europos sunkiosios pramones imoniu. Rezultatai irode, kad ir horizontalusis, ir vertikalusis vadovavimo principas yra veikiami socialiniu‐kultūriniu ryšiu šeimose, bendruomenese ir darbo aplinkoje, todel neišvengiamai lemia sudetinguma lyginant suvokiama ir objektyvia aplinkos apsaugos realybe. Резюме Культура предприятия зачастую оценивается на основании экономической и природоохранной действенности предприятия. Это способствует развитию и приспособлению общих принципов управления, однако эти принципы в недостаточной степени оценивают многогранную культуру, царящую в организации. Можно различить понимаемую работниками природоохранную действенность и попытки объективно ее измерить. Представленное в статье исследование направлено на сравнение своеобразно понимаемых и объективных природоохранных мер на тринадцати предприятиях тяжелой промышленности в Китае и Восточной Европе. Результаты показали, что как горизонтальный, так и вертикальный принципы руководства действенны в семьях, обществах и рабочей среде с социально-культурными связями, поэтому обусловлены сложностями, оказывающими воздействие на объективную природоохранную реальность.
Professional Practice as an Element of Taxonomy - A Case of IT Students at the Polytechnic of Rijeka
Authors: Francic Miro , Pogarcic Ivan , Markovic Maja Gligora
Published: March 2010

There are two reasons for a formal review of the formal forms of education: the development speed of data-communication technologies and the increasing willingness of business entities to apply the same in a very strong competitive battle for dominance at the market. Although not only reason they are a sufficient challenge for educational institutions to adjust their curricula especially when they will help to better prepare their students for the labour market. Professional practice as a form of the highest levels of taxonomies, observed by Bloomâ??s scale, should be used for evaluating student performance, but also for evaluating the quality and marketing of all available programs. This paper presents the experience of professional studies of computer science at Polytechnic of Rijeka acquired through the organization of professional practice in those businesses, which represent a potential place of work after the completion of studies. Conducted research, together with the acquired experience can be a framework for any changes or modifications to curriculum and teaching methods. Respondents pattern for the two main groups: business owners, which basic business is providing IT services and those which use computer to support base of operations. What do respondents who supervise professional practice think about the readiness of graduates for inclusion in their business, which competencies are expected of potential candidates for employment and what are their proposals for changing the program?
Historical mammal distribution data: How reliable are written records?
Authors: Boshoff Andre F. , Kerley Graham I.H.
Published: March 2010

Written historical records are widely used to estimate the previous distributions of the larger mammals in southern Africa. However, such records have some limitations and the use of those older than 100 years has been questioned. Written historical records, from the broader Eastern Cape, South Africa, were investigated to examine this contention critically. They were classified according to record quality (acceptability of identification and precision of locality) and analysed according to two levels: ‘all’ species and ‘noticeable’ versus ‘non-noticeable’ species. Records that comprise acceptable identification and precise locality information are the most suitable for mapping historical distributions; they form 33% of the records for the 27 mammal species analysed. A further 49% of the records have acceptable identification but imprecise locality information; they can fulfil a useful function when supported by records where both parameters are of good quality. Thus, the majority (82%) of written historical records from the study area are useful for compiling historical distribution maps and the quality of these records is consistent back to 1750 for this data set. The number and quality of written historical records varies between species. Historical distribution data should be evaluated for reliability (quality) and degree of usefulness, rather than simply discarded a priori.
Antibiotic resistance profiles of Escherichia coli isolated from different water sources in the Mmabatho locality, Northwest Province, South Africa
Authors: Kinge Constance N. Wose , Ateba C. Njie , Kawadza D. Tonderai
Published: March 2010

The antibiotic resistance profiles of Escherichia coli (E. coli), isolated from different water sources in the Mmabatho locality were evaluated. Water samples were collected from the local wastewater- and water-treatment plants, the Modimola Dam and homes in the area, and then analysed for the presence of E. coli, using standard methods. Presumptive isolates obtained were confirmed by the analytical profile index test. Antibiotic susceptibility testing was performed by the disc diffusion method. Of the 230 E. coli isolates tested, marked antibiotic resistances (over 70%) were observed for erythromycin, tetracycline, ampicillin, chloramphenicol and norfloxacin. Multiple antibiotic resistance patterns were also compiled. Overall, the phenotype T-Ap-E was frequent for E. coli isolated from the local wastewater and water-treatment plants, Modimola Dam and tap water. Cluster analysis performed showed a unique antibiotic resistance pattern which suggested a link between isolates from all sampling points. The findings indicated that improper wastewater treatment may have a potential impact on the dissemination and survival of E. coli, as well as other pathogenic bacteria in water for human and animal consumption. This may result in water- and food-borne disease outbreaks with a negative effect on antibiotic therapy.
A Shandon PapSpin liquid-based gynecological test: A split-sample and direct-to-vial test with histology follow-up study
Authors: Rimiene J , Petronytė J , Gudleviciene Z , Giedrė Smailytė , Ingrida Krasauskaite , Laurinavicius A
Published: March 2010

Background:

Studies for liquid-based Papanicolaou (Pap) tests reveal that liquid-based cytology (LBC) is a safe and effective alternative to the conventional Pap smear. Although there is research on ThinPrep and SurePath systems, information is lacking to evaluate the efficiency and effectiveness of systems based on cytocentrifugation. This study is designed to determine the sensitivity and specificity of the Shandon PapSpin (ThermoShandon, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA) liquid-based gynecological system. We used split-sample and direct-to-vial study design.

Materials and Methods:

2,945 women referred to prophylactic check-up were enrolled in this study. Split sample design was used in 1,500 women and residual cervical cytology specimen from all these cases was placed in fluid for PapSpin preparation after performing conventional smear. The direct-to-vial study was carried out in another cohort of 1,445 women in whom the entire cervical material was investigated using only the PapSpin technique. Follow up histological diagnoses for 141 women were obtained from both study arms following 189 abnormal cytology cases. 80 LBC cases from the split sample group and 61 LBC cases in the direct-to-vial group were correlated with the histology results. The sensitivity and secificity of the conventional smear and PapSpin tests in both study arms were compared.

Results:

In the split sample group, conventional smears showed a higher proportion of ASC-US (atypical cells undetermined significance): 31 (2.1%)vs10 (0.7%) in PapSpin (P= 0.001). A higher proportion of unsatisfactory samples was found in the conventional smear group: 25 (1.7%)vs6 (0.4%) cases (P= 0.001). In the split sample group, the sensitivity of the conventional and PapSpin tests was 68.7%vs78.1%, and the specificity 93.8%vs91.8%, respectively. In the direct to vial group PapSpin sensitivity was 75.9% and specificity 96.5%. The differences in sensitivity and specificity were not significant. The positive predictive values for the conventional and PapSpin methods were not different in the split sample group: 88.0%vs86.2% and 95.7% in the direct-to-vial group. Also, no differences were found for negative predictive value (82.1, 86.8% and 80.0% respectively).

Conclusions:

PapSpin showed good qualitative results in both study arms, even after the material splitting in the first study arm, and is a good alternative to the conventional Pap smear. Additionally, the PapSpin method offers several advantages such as the opportunity to prepare duplicate slides, option for HPV DNA testing and cell block preparations from residual material. Microscopic evaluation of thinner cell preparations is less time consuming than the conventional Pap smears.
SELECTION FOR CROSS-POLLINATION IN BARLEY USING SEGREGATING BULK POPULATIONS
Authors: CAMPBELL K. W. , KASHA K. J.
Published: March 2010

Six bulk populations, each containing a recessive male sterile gene, were used to determine the level of cross-pollination of barley in Ontario for hybrid seed production. Selection pressure for characters that favor cross-pollination was applied by harvesting only male sterile plants to provide seed for the next generation. Seed set on male sterile plants fluctuated greatly from year to year (10.5–51.0%) with no constant trend upward or downward over a 6-yr period from 1968 to 1973. There were no differences in seed set bulk populations grown from remnant seed from previous cycles and from the regular cycle material in 1971 when seed set was low in all populations. However, the same procedure in 1972 provided an average difference of 22.5% in seed set in favor of the advanced selected populations. Cross-pollination was not improved by one cycle of selection under growth room conditions for characters associated with cross-pollination. The influence of a self-pollinated winter increase upon improvement in the level of cross-pollination is discussed. Results indicated that cross-pollination is not sufficient or reliable enough to produce hybrid barley seed in the area tested.
INFLUENCE OF PRUNING METHOD, FERTILIZER AND TERBACIL ON THE GROWTH AND YIELD OF THE LOWBUSH BLUEBERRY
Authors: ISMAIL AMR A. , SMAGULA JOHN M. , YARBOROUGH DAVID E.
Published: March 2010

Lowbush blueberry (Vaccinium angustifolium Ait.) plants were pruned by rotary mowing or oil burning. Three rates of fertilizer and four rates of terbacil (3-tert-butyl-5-chloro-6-methyluracil) were applied. Burned plots produced twice as many blueberries as those mowed. High rates of fertilizer depressed yields of burned plants but not of mowed plants. Pruning method did not influence element concentrations in blueberry leaves. An increase in winter injury to flower primordia was associated with an increase in fertilizer rate. Terbacil applications increased blueberry yield only on plants pruned by burning. A system to prune plants closer to the soil surface needs to be developed.
ASSOCIATION OF GLUME COLOR WITH GLUTEN STRENGTH AND GLIADIN PROTEINS IN DURUM WHEAT
Authors: LEISLE D. , KOSMOLAK F. G. , KOVACS M.
Published: March 2010

Lines of durum wheat (Triticum turgidum L.) were studied for glume color, gluten strength as determined by micromixograph and sodium-dodecyl-sulphate (SDS) sedimentation methods, and banding of gliadin proteins by polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. The results indicated a linkage of factors controlling glume color and gliadin proteins. There also appeared to be an association of these two characteristics with gluten strength.
L’ORGE DE PRINTEMPS SOPHIE
Authors: ST-PIERRE C. A. , PELLETIER G. J. , DUBUC J. P. , KLINCK H. R.
Published: March 2010

In the Eastern Canada Co-op Barley test, Sophie has given an average yield of grain 1% higher than Mingo and Laurier, 3% higher than Bruce and 13% higher than Conquest. In the 1979 regional trials, it has given yields comparable to those of Loyola, the most widely grown cultivar in Quebec. From 295 comparisons with check cultivars, its yield was superior (P = 95%) in 23% of the comparisons, equal in 69% and inferior in 8% of the cases. This cultivar has also given higher yields than the checks in Western Canada. It is different mainly because of its late maturity. It is, on the average, 4 days later than the checks. It is also more resistant to lodging than Loyola and Laurier. Its straw strength is inferior to that of Bruce but almost equal to that of Conquest. Its weight per 1000 grains is higher than that of Conquest or Bruce, similar to that of Loyola or Mingo, and smaller than that of Laurier. It is moderately susceptible to powdery mildew. Bruce is, however, more resistant to this disease. Sophie had shown more resistance to leaf rust than the checks. It is also moderately susceptible to net blotch. This feed grain barley cultivar is a joint release between Laval University and the Agriculture Canada Research Station of Ste-Foy, Quebec. Breeder seed will be maintained by Université Laval at Ste-Foy.
ANIMO FALL RYE
Authors: LANGILLE J. E. , NASS H. G. , SMELTZER G. G. , BUBAR J. S.
Published: March 2010

Animo is a fall rye (Secale cereale L. with adaptation to the Annapolis Valley of Nova Scotia and other areas of similar climatic conditions.
EFFECT OF SALINITY ON RHIZOBIUM-ROOT-HAIR INTERACTION, NODULATION AND GROWTH OF SOYBEAN
Authors: TU J. C.
Published: March 2010

The interaction of rhizobia with root-hairs in the rhizosphere of soybean was investigated under saline concentrations of 0–1.8%. At 1.0% NaCl, root-hairs showed little curling and deformation in response to rhizobial inoculation. At 1.5% or above, shrinkage of root-hairs was evident. The growth and multiplication of rhizobia declined rapidly when NaCl concentrations were increased from 0.2 to 0.8%. At higher concentrations, rhizobial growth was minimal. Nodulation was completely eliminated at concentrations of 1.2% NaCl or higher and increasing salinity caused a gradual continuous decline in soybean fresh weight and plant height. The failure of soybean to nodulate at high salinity was attributed to decreased rhizobial colonization and, at higher salinity, to shrinkage of root-hairs. Thus, the reduction in soybean growth under conditions of high salinity could only be partly accounted for by the reduction or failure in nodulation.
THE EFFECT OF SNOW TRAPPING AND CROPPING SEQUENCE ON MOISTURE CONSERVATION AND UTILIZATION IN WEST-CENTRAL SASKATCHEWAN
Authors: KIRKLAND K. J. , KEYS C. H.
Published: March 2010

Snow ridging, trap strips, row-crop fallow, standing stubble and bare fallow were compared as snow and moisture conservation methods over a 16-yr period. Standing stubble in a continuous crop rotation was the most effective practice, conserving 50–60 mm more annual moisture than bare fallow. Three wheat (Triticum aestivum L. ’Manitou’) rotations: fallow-wheat, fallow-wheat-wheat and continuous wheat were used to measure the effectiveness of moisture conservation treatments. Continuous wheat produced higher grain yields and used the available soil moisture to produce more per year than either the fallow-wheat or the fallow-wheat-wheat rotations.
CLIMATIC FACTORS CONTRIBUTING TO YEAR-TO-YEAR VARIATION IN GRAIN YIELD OF CORN ON BROOKSTON CLAY
Authors: DIRKS V. A. , BOLTON E. F.
Published: March 2010

As much as 80% of the total among-year variance of grain yield in corn (Zea mays L.) in a 13-yr rotation experiment on Brookston clay soil could be accounted for by four climatic vectors: moisture deficit days, available moisture, corn heat units, and an effect allowing for the special weight of these during the critical tasselling-silking period. The nature of the response of corn yield to these climatic vectors depends on the level of N supplied via fertilizer, soil condition and fertility as maintained by rotation. Prediction of yield using weather data and water budget (to estimate moisture deficit days) for the soil type appears feasible where corn is fertilized, and can be done by 15 Aug., 6 wk before corn is mature. The need for basing area predictions on soil type and farm management practices is discussed.
INHERITANCE OF DRY MATTER YIELD IN A HETEROZYGOUS POPULATION OF ALFALFA
Authors: BOWLEY STEVE R. , CHRISTIE B. R.
Published: March 2010

Additive and digenic variances for dry matter yield were estimated from a population of F1 lines of alfalfa (Medicago sativa L.). The F1 lines and their polycross (PX) progenies were both evaluated over three harvests in a simulated sward in a growth room. From the analyses of variance, the genetic variances of the F1 and PX lines were estimated and the covariance between the F1 and PX performance calculated for dry matter yield. Correlations between relatives were used to partition these variances into additive and digenic effects. Narrow-sense heritabilities and the expected response to selection were estimated for the F1 population and broad-sense heritabilities were calculated from the F1 and PX trials. The pooled estimates of additive variance were significantly greater than zero for the second harvest and total yield while all estimates of digenic variance were nonsignificant. This indicated that the genetic variance for dry matter yield was mainly additive. The expected response to selection for total dry matter yield, if the top 10% of the F1 lines were recombined, was 23% of the F1 population mean. Based on these results, it was concluded that selection gains for yield could be made in this population of alfalfa.
VARIABILITY OF SEED-SET IN ALFALFA AND CORRELATIONS WITH SOME POLLEN AND OVULE CHARACTERISTICS
Authors: GURGIS R. Y. , ROWE D. E.
Published: March 2010

A random sample of 30 named alfalfa (Medicago sativa L.) cultivars representing diverse genetic material was investigated for relationships among the following traits: frequency of seed-set (seeds per flower) after self-pollination, frequency of seed-set after cross-pollination, abundance of pollen, viability of pollen, germinated pollen tube length, ovule number, and ovule size. In each cultivar, 100 reciprocal crosses and selfs were made by hand in the greenhouse, with emasculation when appropriate. A second experiment re-used the plants of 11 cultivars for specific inter- and intra-cultivar crosses to estimate the relative importance of maternal and paternal effects on seed-set. In the first experiment, seed-set of crosses did not correlate with any other factors, and the seed-set of selfs was only slightly correlated with pollen viability. An analysis of broad sense heritabilities indicated a very low heritability for seed-set of selfs (H = 0.11), and relatively high heritability for seed-set of crosses (H = 0.74). The difference in rates of seed-set for crosses and selfs on the same plant also had high heritability (H = 0.66). The mechanisms controlling seed-set with selfing and with crossing appeared to be different. In the second experiment, correlation analysis indicated that the maternal parent had over five times the influence of the paternal parent on the frequency of seed-set.
COLOR INFRARED AERIAL PHOTOGRAPHY TO IDENTIFY FORAGE LEGUMES IN HAY FIELDS
Authors: BASU P. K.
Published: March 2010

In September 1977 and 1978, color infrared (CIR) aerial photographs of mixed agricultural areas (approx. 132.7 km2) near Vernon and Carp, Ontario, and of forage legume test plots at Ottawa were taken at a scale of 1:6000. Extensive ground surveys were conducted within 2 wk after the photographic flights to verify CIR images of alfalfa (Medicago sativa L.), red clover (Trifolium pratense L.), trefoil (Lotus corniculatus L.), vetch (Vicia spp.) grasses and their mixtures in the original transparencies. A number of photographic image characteristics of legumes and grasses have been illustrated by which a reliable identification and subsequent quantification of legume components were made, particularly in fields that showed decline of a crop or when the individual components grew as separate patches in the same field. Photo-interpretation difficulties existed in distinguishing the components in a very uniformly mixed crop and recently cut fields.
SOIL HEATING AND REDUCED NIGHT TEMPERATURE EFFECTS ON CHRYSANTHEMUMS
Authors: TSUJITA M. J. , ORMROD D. P. , CRAIG W. W.
Published: March 2010

Soil heating applied for 4 – 6 wk at 24 ± 1 °C following planting overcame a delay in chrysanthemum maturity induced by reduced night temperature of 13 °C. Flower quality was improved by soil heating with larger stem and flower diameter and higher fresh weight in two of three cultivars evaluated. This study indicates that reduced night temperature can be successfully employed in commercial chrysanthemum production in conjunction with soil heating without adverse delay in flower maturity or reduction in flower quality.
EFFECT OF TOMATO TRANSPLANT STEM DIAMETER AND ETHEPHON TREATMENT ON TOMATO YIELD, FRUIT SIZE AND NUMBER
Authors: LIPTAY ALBERT , JAWORSKI C. A. , PHATAK S. C.
Published: March 2010

Tomato transplants, grown in Georgia, U.S.A., were separated into three ranges of stem diameter (< 4.0 mm, 4.0–4.8 mm and > 4.8 mm) and evaluated for yield performance in Harrow, Ontario, Canada. The marketable stem size transplants (> 4.8 mm in diameter) had higher early yields than the small (4.0–4.8 mm) or very small (< 4.0 mm) stem size transplants. The latter two types had similar early yields. Ethephon, sprayed on the transplants a few days before harvesting in Georgia, caused the marketable stem size transplants to give higher early yields than their control counterparts; this effect was absent on the small and the very small stem size transplants. Total yields were similar among all the control transplants.
GORDON SOFT WHITE WINTER WHEAT
Authors: SAMPSON D. R. , FULCHER R. G.
Published: March 2010

Gordon is a new soft white winter wheat for Ontario with excellent pastry quality. It is higher yielding than the currently recommended cultivars and is attractive to millers and bakers because it has lower grain and flour protein than Fredrick. Gordon was licensed in June 1980. Breeder seed is maintained by the Ottawa Research Station, Agriculture Canada.
ASULAM FOR CONTROL OF EASTERN BRACKEN FERN IN LOWBUSH BLUEBERRY FIELDS
Authors: JACKSON L. P.
Published: March 2010

Eastern bracken fern (Pteridium aquilinum (L.) Kuhn var. latiusculm (Desv.) Underw.) in lowbush blueberry (Vaccinium sp.) fields was effectively controlled by spray application of asulam (methyl sulfanilylcarbamate), a systemic herbicide. No detectable residue of asulam was found in fruit harvested from treated plots Spray applications were at 1.12 and 2.24 kg/ha. The higher rate was more thorough in reducing bracken frond numbers than the lower rate.
REPRODUCTIVE ABORTION, YIELD COMPONENTS AND NITROGEN CONTENT IN THREE EARLY SOYBEAN CULTIVARS
Authors: McBLAIN B. A. , HUME D. J.
Published: March 2010

A related study indicated that the new, early maturing soybean (Glycine max (L.) Merrill) cultivars Maple Arrow and McCall significantly outyielded the older cultivar of similar maturity, Altona, because they had longer filling periods. The cultivars were studied to determine how yield components were altered to produce extra yield and whether loss of leaf nitrogen (N) during seed filling controlled leaf senescence and duration of the filling period. Cultivars did not differ in flowers produced and averaged 50 and 67 per plant in the 2 yr. Abortion also did not differ among cultivars, averaging 64% in both years. None of the individual yield components, pods per plant, seeds per pod or seed size, showed significant or consistent positive correlations with yield, indicating that the new cultivars achieved higher yields in various ways. Cultivars did not differ in total N contents of plants or seeds although the percent N content of McCall seed was lower than that of the other cultivars. N content of leaflets did not appear to regulate leaf senescence or length of the filling period.
THE EFFECT OF FLOODING PRETREATMENT ON COLD HARDINESS AND SURVIVAL OF WINTER CEREALS IN ICE ENCASEMENT
Authors: ANDREWS C. J. , POMEROY M. K.
Published: March 2010

Cold-hardened plants of Dover winter barley and Fredrick and Norstar winter wheats show a decreased cold hardiness when exposed to low temperature flooding of increased severity and increased duration. In both cases, this is accompanied by increased moisture content, and there are strong correlations between cold hardiness and crown water content. Fredrick and Norstar wheat plants show enhanced survival when ice-encased after flooding, as compared to nonflooded plants, but this promotive effect is not observed in Dover barley. Eight winter wheats and one winter rye cultivar show the response, but only one of three barley cultivars tested. The promotive effect on survival in ice encasement is produced by 2 and 4 wk prior flooding, but after 6 wk the flooding effect is lost in most cultivars. It is assumed that anaerobic processes initiated during flooding have an indirect survival-positive effect during subsequent ice encasement.
THE EFFECT OF SALT STRESS ON THE COLD HARDINESS OF WINTER WHEAT
Authors: TYLER N. J. , FOWLER D. B. , GUSTA L. V.
Published: March 2010

The effect of salt stress on the cold acclimation of winter wheat plants grown in nutrient solution was determined. The presence of salts reduced crown moisture content, leaf osmotic and water potential, and decreased the rate of plant cold acclimation. Plants acclimated for 30 days in solutions with conductivities of < 1.0 (control), 6.0, 12.0 and 18.0 mmhoscm had LT50 of −19, −16, −4 and −4 °C, respectively, as determined from controlled freeze tests. Salt concentration of the hydroponic media also influenced crown potassium, sulfur, magnesium, sodium and nitrogen contents.
YIELD AND DIGESTIBILITY OF CRESTED WHEATGRASS AND RUSSIAN AND ALTAI WILD RYEGRASSES AS INFLUENCED BY N FERTILIZATION AND DATE OF FIRST CUTTING
Authors: LAWRENCE T. , KNIPFEL J. E.
Published: March 2010

The effects of three rates of N fertilizer and nine dates of initial harvest on the dry matter (DM) yield, recovery, organic matter digestibility (OMD), and yield of digestible organic matter (DOM) of crested wheatgrass (Agropyron desertorum (Fisch.) Schult.), Russian wild ryegrass (Elymus junceus Fisch.), and Altai wild ryegrass (Elymus angustus Trin.) were studied on irrigated land for 2 yr. Russian wild ryegrass produced the highest yield in May, while the yield of crested wheatgrass equalled that of Russian wild ryegrass in June. Altai wild ryegrass yielded more dry matter than either Russian wild ryegrass or crested wheatgrass in July and August. Altai wild ryegrass showed the best recovery after cutting and produced the highest total DM yield. Crested wheatgrass had the lowest and Altai wild ryegrass the highest OMD. Nitrogen fertilizer application resulted in increased DM yield, increased OMD, and higher yield of DOM.
EFFECTS OF ANNUAL RATE AND TIMING OF N FERTILIZATION ON PRODUCTION OF TIMOTHY, BROMEGRASS, AND REED CANARYGRASS
Authors: NARASIMHALU P. , BLACK W. N. , WINTER K. A. , McRAE K. B.
Published: March 2010

The effects of rate and time of N fertilization in the presence of sufficient P and K on seasonal and annual forage yields were studied on timothy, bromegrass, and reed canarygrass for 4 yr. Nitrogen treatments consisted of a control (receiving no N) and two to four split applications of N at the annual rates of 169, 225 and 280 kg N/ha. The annual rates of N application increased spring production of timothy but did not affect the seasonal and annual yields of the other crops. A split application of a portion of 225 or 280 kg N/ha in early summer instead of mid-summer increased timothy production during that season. Bromegrass production in spring was increased with an early spring application of a portion of the annual N rate of 280 kg/ha. Reed canarygrass production was not affected by split treatments of N. Nitrogen fertilization reduced white clover populations in the fields of timothy and reed canarygrass and of broad-leafed weed populations in all the forage crops.