bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The Additive Pathology and Family Repetition: Transgenerational Problematic Nodes
Authors: Lito Ana Marques , Ferreira Ana Margarida
Published: November 2014

Objetivo

O objetivo principal do estudo foi operacionalizar e validar o conceito operativo “Nós-Problemáticos”, encontrar perfis e, se possível tipologias familiares, para implementar abordagens de intervenção.

Método

Participaram na investigação de caráter misto 30 pares de irmãos (tóxico-dependentes/não toxicodependentes), com uma média de idade de 37,12 anos, aos quais foi aplicada a “Hope Scale”, uma pergunta de resposta aberta e uma entrevista semi-estruturada que estuda em profundidade as trajetórias de vida.

Resultados

O “Nó-Problemático Familiar” é o mais preponderante no grupo dos tóxico-dependentes, e o “Nó-Problemático” Social no dos irmãos não toxicodependentes. Sugere-se a existência de seis perfis diferentes.

Conclusão

O conceito operativo “Nós-Problemáticos” tornou-se operacional e deu-nos a possibilidade de o denominar como transgeracional, porque permitiu uma análise intergeracional e transgeracional das narrativas e das trajetórias de vida dos participantes. Revelou-se como sendo um complexo emocional que filtra e analisa os acontecimentos de vida e as subjetivações sobre as dinâmicas familiares e sociais, actuais e passadas, e também nos dá uma perspetiva das expetativas face ao futuro.
Cibles du traitement des joueurs problématiques : existe-t-il des différences entre les hommes et les femmes ?
Authors: Légaré Andrée-Anne , Ferland Francine , Blanchette-Martin Nadine , Champagne Alexandra , Baillargeon-Lemieux Haniel , Garceau Pascal , Giroux Isabelle
Published: November 2014

Selon les dernières études de prévalence, plus de 160 000 Québécois et Québécoises souffrent de problèmes de jeu de hasard et d’argent, ce qui représente près de 2 % de la population de la province. Cette problématique touche en général deux hommes pour une femme et il semblerait que l’étiologie et les profils de difficultés soient différents selon le sexe de la personne atteinte. Certaines études rapportent que ces différences engendreraient la nécessité d’offrir des interventions différentes selon que les joueurs problématiques sont de sexe féminin ou masculin. Mais, est-ce vraiment le cas ? Les différences présentes selon le sexe sont-elles réellement synonymes d’un besoin d’intervention différent ? La présente étude tente de répondre à cette interrogation en dressant d’abord les profils sociodémographiques et de difficultés de joueurs problématiques en fonction de leur sexe. L’étude compare ensuite l’estimation du besoin d’intervention à ces sphères selon que l’usager est de sexe féminin ou masculin. Pour ce faire, les évaluations d’entrée du Centre de réadaptation en dépendance de Québec (Indice de gravité d’une toxicomanie ; IGT) de 190 joueurs problématiques adultes, 125 hommes et 65 femmes, sont analysées. Les analyses statistiques démontrent des différences significatives entre les sexes quant aux profils sociodémographiques, aux habitudes de jeu de hasard et d’argent et à l’état psychologique. Cependant, aucune différence significative n’est observée entre les besoins d’intervention estimés par les évaluateurs et ceux estimés par les usagers sur ces différentes sphères. Ces résultats suggèrent donc que les usagers témoignent de besoins d’intervention semblables aux différentes sphères de vie évaluées par l’IGT, et ce, malgré des profils sociodémographiques et des profils de difficultés différents selon leur sexe.
Rationaliser les comportements de jeu
Authors: Gadbois Jocelyn
Published: November 2014

Cet article de réflexion théorique cherche à rationaliser les comportements des joueurs québécois de Lotto 6/49. Après avoir constaté les limites des théories sur le jeu de la psychologie cognitivo-comportementale, l’auteur propose un nouveau cadre d’analyse inspiré de la perspective intersubjective de Maurice Allais dans lequel les croyances des joueurs sont étudiées comme faisant partie intégrante de l’expérience de jeu. Il met de l’avant deux indicateurs pour estimer comme étant rationnelle la décision de jouer : 1) elle doit être cohérente avec la réalité vécue du joueur et 2) elle doit s’inscrire dans une quête de satisfaction. Sa démonstration s’appuie sur l’étude de neuf cas issus d’un corpus de 200 entrevues ouvertes menées à Québec en hiver 2010. Ces cas illustrent comment trois croyances sur le jeu (le systémisme, le pouvoir maléfique du gros lot et la participation des morts) peuvent être vécues de manière bien différente. Son interprétation rappelle l’importance de considérer l’expérience du joueur pour faire avancer les connaissances.
GEOECOLOGICAL EVALUATION OF THE ORLOVAČA CAVE
Authors: Pecelj Milovan , Ilinčić Marina , Belij Jelena , Pecelj Dušica , Pecelj Jelena
Published: November 2014

Speleological tourism in the world has a long tradition. Тhe environment of the karst underground has long attracted nature lovers, various researchers and tourists. Orlovača cave is one of the largest and most beautiful cave systems in Bosnia and Herzegovina and Republic of Srpska. Accordingly, in order to evaluate the tourist values of this locality, geoecological evaluation is applied by method of recreational potential and appraisal. The results should indicate the importance of cave tourism on the domestic and international markets, as well as preserving the environment in locality
Saúde bucal materna associada ao parto prétermo e baixo peso dos recém-nascidos: um estudo transversal
Authors: Oliveira Dhelfeson Willya Douglas de , Celestino Camila Gabriela Coelho , Corrêa Gustavo Valério , Alencar Bruna Mota de , Flecha Olga Dumont , Fernandes Daisy de Rezende Figueiredo , Gonçalves Patricia Furtado
Published: November 2014

Objetivo: O objetivo deste estudo foi investigar a associação entre a condição de saúde bucal materna, parto pré-termo e/ou baixo peso de recém-nascido, e avaliar as condições socioeconômicas das puérperas. Materiais e Métodos: Um estudo transversal foi realizado em Diamantina (MG). A amostra foi constituída de 200 parturientes que foram entrevistadas e examinadas no pós-parto. As seguintes variáveis foram investigadas: baixo peso ao nascer e parto pré-termo, registro periodontal simplificado (PSR), índice de dentes cariados, perdidos e obturados (CPOD) e índice de placa das mães. Dados sobre as condições sócioeconômicas relativas às mães foram coletados através de questionário e prontuários hospitalares. Foram realizados testes t e Mann- Whitney para a análise estatística dos dados, assim como regressão logística múltipla, ajustada pelas variáveis idade, renda e escolaridade. Resultados: Foram entrevistadas 200 puérperas, sendo que 12 tiveram parto prétermo e 19 tiveram recém-nascido de baixo peso. Do total de entrevistadas, 12 fumavam e 24 eram etilistas. O índice CPOD médio encontrado foi de 11,94 (±6,56). Houve associação entre recém-nascido de baixo peso com fumo (p = 0,03), álcool (p < 0,01), condição periodontal (p = 0,01) e CPOD (p = 0,03). Uma mãe comPSR superior a 2 teve 3,29 mais chances de ter um filho com baixo peso. Não houve associação entre parto pré-termo e nenhuma das variáveis investigadas. Conclusão: Tanto o índice PSR quanto o CPOD das mães associaram-se com recém-nascidos de baixo peso, mas não com partos pré-termo.Descritores: Doença periodontal. Trabalho de parto prematuro. Recém-nascido de baixo peso. Gestação.
Ultrasound Shear Wave Elastography Helps Discriminate Low‐grade From High‐grade Bowel Wall Fibrosis in Ex Vivo Human Intestinal Specimens
Authors: Dillman Jonathan R. , Stidham Ryan W. , Higgins Peter D. R. , Moons David S. , Johnson Laura A. , Keshavarzi Nahid R. , Rubin Jonathan M.
Published: November 2014

Objectives

To determine whether bowel wall fibrosis can be detected in freshly resected human intestinal specimens based on ultrasound‐derived shear wave speed.

Methods

Seventeen intact (>3‐cm) bowel segments (15 small and 2 large intestine) from 12 patients with known or suspected inflammatory bowel disease were procured immediately after surgical resection. Ultrasound shear wave elastography of the bowel wall was performed by two methods (Virtual Touch Quantification [VTQ] and Virtual Touch‐IQ [VT‐IQ]; Siemens Medical Solutions USA, Inc, Mountain View, CA). Eighteen short‐axis shear wave speed measurements were acquired from each specimen: 3 from the 9‐, 12‐, and 3‐o'clock locations for each method. Imaging was performed in two areas for specimens greater than 10 cm in length (separated by ≥5 cm). A gastrointestinal pathologist scored correlative histologic slides for inflammation and fibrosis. Differences in mean shear wave speed between bowel segments with low and high inflammation/fibrosis scores were assessed by a Student t test. Receiver operating characteristic curve analysis was performed.

Results

High–fibrosis score (n = 11) bowel segments had a significantly greater mean shear wave speed than low–fibrosis score (n = 6) bowel segments (mean ± SD: VTQ, 1.59 ± 0.37 versus 1.18 ± 0.08 m/s; P= .004; VT‐IQ, 1.87 ± 0.44 versus 1.50 ± 0.26 m/s; P= .049). There was no significant difference in mean shear wave speed between high–and low–inflammation score bowel segments (P > .05 for both VTQ and VT‐IQ). Receiver operating characteristic curves showed areas under the curve of 0.91 (95% confidence interval, 0.67–0.99) for VTQ and 0.77 (95% confidence interval, 0.51–0.94) for VT‐IQ in distinguishing low–from high–fibrosis score bowel segments.

Conclusions

Ex vivo bowel wall shear wave speed measurements increase when transmural intestinal fibrosis is present.
Middle Cerebral Arterial Flow Changes on Transcranial Color and Spectral Doppler Sonography in Patients With Increased Intracranial Pressure
Authors: Wang Yu , Duan Yun-You , Zhou Hai-Yan , Yuan Li-Jun , Zhang Li , Wang Wei , Li Li-Hong , Li Liang
Published: November 2014

Objectives

Intracranial pressure usually increases after severe brain injury. However, a method for noninvasive evaluation of intracranial pressure is still lacking. The purpose of this study was to explore the potential role of transcranial color Doppler sonography in assessing intracranial pressure by observing the middle cerebral artery blood flow parameters in patients with increased intracranial pressure of varying etiology.

Methods

The hemodynamic changes in the middle cerebral artery in patients with varying degrees of increased intracranial pressure were investigated by transcranial color Doppler sonography in 93 patients who had emergency surgery for brain injury.

Results

Middle cerebral artery Doppler flow spectra changed regularly as intracranial pressure increased. The pulsatility index (PI) and resistive index (RI) had a significantly positive correlation with intracranial pressure (r = 0.90 and 0.89, respectively; P< .001), whereas the middle cerebral artery diastolic velocity showed a significant negative correlation with intracranial pressure (r = −0.52; P< .01). A receiver operating characteristic curve showed that the RI and PI cutoff values were 0.705 and 1.335, respectively, for predicting increased intracranial pressure, with sensitivity of 0.885 and specificity of 0.970.

Conclusions

In addition to the PI and RI, middle cerebral artery diastolic flow velocity measurement by transcranial color Doppler sonography may also be a useful variable for evaluating intracranial pressure in patients with acute brain injury.
A Deep Cabled Observatory: Biology and Physics in the Abyss
Authors: Howe Bruce M.
Published: November 2014

The ALOHA Cabled Observatory (ACO) is the deepest operating observatory on the planet, providing power and communications to scientific instruments on the seafloor. In the future, ACO will add water column measurements, from the seafloor to the surface, using moorings and undersea vehicles. Recent results from video monitoring of deep‐sea life and from temperature sensors illustrate the benefit of and need for long‐term, sustained, continuous sampling in this abyssal context. The observatory is located at Station ALOHA (A Long‐Term Oligotrophic Habitat Assessment), 100 kilometers north of Oahu, at 4728‐meter water depth (Figure 1, top).
Lightning Strikes Predicted to Increase as Climate Warms
Authors: Wendel JoAnna
Published: November 2014

By the end of the 21st century, the frequency of lightning strikes in the United States may increase by 50% because of climate warming, up from an average 25 million lightning strikes per year, a paper published in the 13 November issue of Science reports.
Scientists Call for a Renewed Emphasis on Urban Geology
Authors: Showstack Randy
Published: November 2014

As a very near sighted child, Michael Wilson studied the ground around his feet and the world close by, including the strata in the cliffs in his neighborhood in Calgary, Canada, he says. Wilson remembers noticing a volcanic ash layer at age 7 and wondering what it was.
Fellows Celebrated at Fall Meeting
Authors: Anonymous
Published: November 2014

The 2014 class of AGU Union Fellows will be recognized during the Honors Tribute at the AGU Fall Meeting, to be held in San Francisco, Calif. The newly elected class will be presented by president‐elect Margaret Leinen during the Honors Ceremony on Wednesday, 17 December 2014. A brief statement of the achievements for which each of the 62 Fellows have been elected is provided below.
Downstream effect of blowing a hole in a 38‐meter dam
Authors: Schultz Colin
Published: November 2014

On 26 October 2011, engineers blew a hole in the base of Washington state's Condit Dam, loosing nearly a million cubic meters of water in an instant. The surge of water, sand, and mud marked the end of the 38‐meter‐tall concrete dam that had blocked the White Salmon River for nearly 100 years and the beginning of a rapid transformation of the downstream environment. Using river gauge measurements, time‐lapse photography, and other techniques, Wilcox et al. tracked how the White Salmon River evolved in the wake of the breach.
Partial melting observed in Tibetan Plateau crust
Authors: Wendel JoAnna
Published: November 2014

In the Tibetan Plateau, which formed millions of years ago as a result of the collision between the Eurasian and Indian plates, scientists have investigated the presence of crustal melt to understand how the region evolved. Previous seismic studies of the Tibetan Plateau led scientists to believe that the center of the plateau is partially melted.
Deuterium excess in subtropical free troposphere water vapor: Continuous measurements from the Chajnantor Plateau, northern Chile
Authors: Samuels‐Crow Kimberly E. , Galewsky Joseph , Sharp Zachary D. , Dennis Kate J.
Published: November 2014

Water vapor measured continuously by cavity ring‐down spectroscopy from July 2012 to March 2013 on the hyperarid Chajnantor Plateau, northern Chile (elevation = 5080 m, pressure ≈ 550 hPa), has a mean deuterium excess (d‐excess = δD − 8*δ18O) of 46‰ ± 5‰ and frequently exceeds 100‰ at low water vapor mixing ratios (q ≤ 500 ppmv). These measurements provide empirical support for theoretical predictions of free troposphere d‐excess. The d‐excess measured at this site can be understood in terms of supersaturation with respect to ice at relative humidities between 100% and 130%, followed by mixing with moist midtropospheric or lower tropospheric air en route to the plateau. The d‐excess measured at Chajnantor is consistent with predictions for d‐excess in the upper troposphere from isotope‐enabled general circulation models and with high vapor saturation over ice in cloud‐resolving and microphysical models.
Response of the American equatorial and low‐latitude ionosphere to the X1.5 solar flare on 13 September 2005
Authors: Xiong Bo , Wan Weixing , Zhao Biqiang , Yu You , Wei Yong , Ren Zhipeng , Liu Jing
Published: November 2014

Based on the coordinated observations by the incoherent scatter radar (ISR), ionosonde, magnetometers, and GPS receivers, the electrodynamic effects on the equatorial and low‐latitude ionosphere have been investigated during the intense solar flare (X1.5/2B) on 13 September 2005. In the initial stage of the flare, the ISR and ionosonde measurements at Jicamarca show the decreases of 10.14 m/s and 20 km in the upward vertical E × B drift velocity and the F2 region peak height, respectively, while equatorial electrojet (EEJ) strength over American sector indicates a sudden increase of 53.7 nT. The decrease of the upward vertical E × B drift velocity reveals the weakening of eastward electric field during the flare, which is firstly and directly observed by instrument. It is well known that the variation of equatorial electric field is mainly attributed to the ionospheric dynamo electric field and partially affected by the penetration of interplanetary electric field. The observations during this flare suggest that the flare‐induced increase of Cowling conductivity changes the ionospheric dynamo electric field and further results in the weakening of eastward electric field and the decrease of the upward vertical E × B drift velocity. Meanwhile, the upward vertical E × B drift velocity and the EEJ strength during the flare are negatively correlated, which is contrary to the knowledge established by Anderson et al. () based on 10 days of observations in the Peruvian longitude sector. The difference may be caused by the flare‐induced enhancement of Cowling conductivity. In addition, GPS total electron content (TEC) observations from six stations in the American equator and low latitudes show an enhancement of 1.47–3.09 TEC units. The measurements of GPS and ISR indicate that the contribution of the enhanced photoionization to the increase of TEC is more than that of electrodynamic effect during the initial stage of the intense flare.
Interannual to multidecadal Euro‐Atlantic blocking variability during winter and its relationship with extreme low temperatures in Europe
Authors: Rimbu Norel , Lohmann Gerrit , Ionita Monica
Published: November 2014

The dominant modes of blocking frequency variability in the Atlantic‐European region are evaluated for the 1871–2010 period. An Empirical Orthogonal Function (EOF) analysis of a two‐dimensional blocking indicator field reveals three dominant EOFs, describing about 35% of interannual to multidecadal blocking variability. The first EOF captures an out‐of‐phase blocking frequency anomaly over Greenland and Western Europe regions. The corresponding principal component time series is strongly correlated with the North Atlantic Oscillation index but shows also significant correlations with indices of the East Atlantic, Scandinavian, and East Atlantic‐Western Russia patterns. The second EOF shows a dominant center over the North Sea region as well as a less pronounced center with anomalies of the same sign over southeastern Greenland. The multidecadal variations of this mode of blocking variability are related with a basin wide North Atlantic sea surface temperature anomaly which projects partly on the Atlantic Multidecadal Oscillation (AMO). The third mode is an east‐west dipole of blocking frequency anomalies from Scandinavian and southern Greenland regions and shows enhanced variability at ~20 year time scales. The coherent variations of the time coefficients of this pattern with open solar flux suggest a possible solar influence on blocking variability at these time scales. Furthermore, the dominant patterns of blocking variability are related with distinct anomaly patterns in the occurrence of extreme low temperature events over Europe at interannual to multidecadal time scales. AMO as well as the solar signals was detected also in the corresponding extreme low temperature blocking patterns. We argue that multivariate analysis of blocking indicators gives additional information about blocking and related extreme climate phenomena variability and predictability comparative with classical sectorial approach.
Anthropogenically induced changes in twentieth century mineral dust burden and the associated impact on radiative forcing
Authors: Stanelle Tanja , Bey Isabelle , Raddatz Thomas , Reick Christian , Tegen Ina
Published: November 2014

We investigate the relative importance of climate change (CC) and anthropogenic land cover change (ALCC) for the dust emissions and burden changes between the late nineteenth century and today. For this purpose, the climate‐aerosol model ECHAM6‐HAM2 is complemented by a new scheme to derive potential dust sources at runtime using the vegetation cover provided by the land component JSBACH of ECHAM6. Dust emissions are computed online using information from the ECHAM6 atmospheric component. This allows us to account for changes in land cover and climate interactively and to distinguish between emissions from natural and agricultural dust sources. For today's climate we find that nearly 10% of dust particles are emitted from agricultural areas. According to our simulations, global annual dust emissions have increased by 25% between the late nineteenth century and today (e.g., from 729 Tg/a to 912 Tg/a). Globally, CC and ALCC (e.g., agricultural expansion) have both contributed to this change (56% and 40%, respectively). There are however large regional differences. For example, change in dust emissions in Africa are clearly dominated by CC. Global dust burden have increased by 24.5% since the late nineteenth century, which results in a clear‐sky radiative forcing at top of the atmosphere of −0.14 W/m2. Based on these findings, we recommend that both climate changes and anthropogenic land cover changes should be considered when investigating long‐term changes in dust emissions.
Tropical temperature trends in Atmospheric General Circulation Model simulations and the impact of uncertainties in observed SSTs
Authors: Flannaghan T. J. , Fueglistaler S. , Held I. M. , Po‐Chedley S. , Wyman B. , Zhao M.
Published: November 2014

The comparison of trends in various climate indices in observations and models is of fundamental importance for judging the credibility of climate projections. Tropical tropospheric temperature trends have attracted particular attention as this comparison may suggest a model deficiency. One can think of this problem as composed of two parts: one focused on tropical surface temperature trends and the associated issues related to forcing, feedbacks, and ocean heat uptake and a second part focusing on connections between surface and tropospheric temperatures and the vertical profile of trends in temperature. Here we focus on the atmospheric component of the problem. We show that two ensembles of Geophysical Fluid Dynamics Laboratory HiRAM model runs (similar results are shown for National Center for Atmospheric Research's CAM4 model) with different commonly used prescribed sea surface temperatures (SSTs), namely, the HadISST1 and “Hurrell” data sets, have a difference in upper tropical tropospheric temperature trends (∼0.1 K/decade at 300 hPa for the period 1984–2008) that is about a factor 3 larger than expected from moist adiabatic scaling of the tropical average SST trend difference. We show that this surprisingly large discrepancy in temperature trends is a consequence of SST trend differences being largest in regions of deep convection. Further, trends, and the degree of agreement with observations, not only depend on SST data set and the particular atmospheric temperature data set but also on the period chosen for comparison. Due to the large impact on atmospheric temperatures, these systematic uncertainties in SSTs need to be resolved before the fidelity of climate models' tropical temperature trend profiles can be assessed.
Exploring the Mechanisms in STED‐Enhanced Direct Laser Writing
Authors: Fischer Joachim , Mueller Jonathan B. , Quick Alexander S. , Kaschke Johannes , Barner‐Kowollik Christopher , Wegener Martin
Published: November 2014

Stimulated‐emission‐depletion direct laser writing allows for performing 3D optical lithography beyond the Abbe diffraction limit. However, the underlying mechanisms and limitations are poorly understood. In order to clarify for the case of 7‐diethylamino‐3‐thenoylcoumarin (DETC) as photoinitiator in pentaerythritol triacrylate, transient photoluminescence experiments as well as lithography experiments with variable repetition rate are performed. In addition, several coinitiators and DETC derivatives are investigated. While the photoluminescence of the DETC photoresist exhibits a two‐photon excitation behavior and can be largely depleted, lithography under the same conditions surprisingly shows an effective three‐photon excitation behavior at high repetition rates and an effective four‐photon behavior at low repetition rates. From the comprehensive investigation, it is concluded that at high repetition rates, residual absorption of the depletion laser is the limiting mechanism, whereas at low repetition rates an effective four‐photon process leads to direct radical generation that cannot be depleted.
Asymmetric Synthesis of Bioxindole‐Substituted Hexahydrofuro[2,3‐b]furans via Hydroquinine Anthraquinone‐1,4‐diyl Diether‐Catalyzed Domino Annulation of Acylidenoxindoles/Isatins, Acylidenoxindoles and Allenoates
Authors: Yang Hai‐Bin , Zhao Yun‐zhou , Sang Rui , Wei Yin , Shi Min
Published: November 2014

Hydroquinine anthraquinone‐1,4‐diyl diether [(DHQ)2AQN]‐catalyzed unprecedented asymmetric domino annulation reactions of acylidenoxindoles/isatins, acylidenoxindoles and allenoates are disclosed in this communication, providing a facile access to hexahydrofuro[2,3‐b]furans containing four contiguous chiral centers in good to excellent yields along with good to excellent ee values and moderate to good dr values. Based on theoretical investigations, a concerted [3+2] ring‐closure process was proposed, in which steric hindrance and π–π stacking interaction between catalyst and substrate subtly co‐control the diastereoselectivity of the reaction.

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Multi‐Enzymatic Synthesis of Optically Pure β‐Hydroxy α‐Amino Acids
Authors: Hibi Makoto , Kasahara Takuya , Kawashima Takashi , Yajima Hiroko , Kozono Shoko , Smirnov Sergey V. , Kodera Tomohiro , Sugiyama Masakazu , Shimizu Sakayu , Yokozeki Kenzo , Ogawa Jun
Published: November 2014

A novel enzymatic production system of optically pure β‐hydroxy α‐amino acids was developed. Two enzymes were used for the system: an N‐succinyl L‐amino acid β‐hydroxylase (SadA) belonging to the iron(II)/α‐ketoglutarate‐dependent dioxygenase superfamily and an N‐succinyl L‐amino acid desuccinylase (LasA). The genes encoding the two enzymes are part of a gene set responsible for the biosynthesis of peptidyl compounds found in the Burkholderia ambifaria AMMD genome. SadA stereoselectively hydroxylated several N‐succinyl aliphatic L‐amino acids and produced N‐succinyl β‐hydroxy L‐amino acids, such as N‐succinyl‐L‐β‐hydroxyvaline, N‐succinyl‐L‐threonine, (2S,3R)‐N‐succinyl‐L‐β‐hydroxyisoleucine, and N‐succinyl‐L‐threo‐β‐hydroxyleucine. LasA catalyzed the desuccinylation of various N‐succinyl‐L‐amino acids. Surprisingly, LasA is the first amide bond‐forming enzyme belonging to the amidohydrolase superfamily, and has succinylation activity towards the amino group of L‐leucine. By combining SadA and LasA in a preparative scale production using N‐succinyl‐L‐leucine as substrate, 2.3 mmol of L‐threo‐β‐hydroxyleucine were successfully produced with 93% conversion and over 99% of diastereomeric excess. Consequently, the new production system described in this study has advantages in optical purity and reaction efficiency for application in the mass production of several β‐hydroxy α‐amino acids.

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Novel Metal@Carbon Spheres Core–Shell Arrays by Controlled Self‐Assembly of Carbon Nanospheres: A Stable and Flexible Supercapacitor Electrode
Authors: Xia Xinhui , Zhang Yongqi , Fan Zhanxi , Chao Dongliang , Xiong Qinqin , Tu Jiangping , Zhang Hua , Fan Hong Jin
Published: November 2014

The high performance of electrochemical energy‐storage devices relies largely on scrupulous design of nanoarchitectures and smart hybridization of bespoke active materials. Carbon nanopsheres (CNSs) are widely used for energy storage and conversion devices. Here, the directional assembly of CNSs on a vertical‐standing metal scaffold into a core/shell array structure is reported. The method uses a three‐step all‐solution synthesis strategy (chemical bath deposition, electrodeposition, and hydrothermal) and begins from ZnO microrod arrays as a sacrificial template. The self‐assembly of CNSs can be correlated to a simultaneous etching effect to the ZnO accompanying the polymerization of glucose precursor. The Ni microtube/CNSs arrays are selected as an example for structural and electrochemical characterizations. The novel type of metal/CNSs arrays is demonstrated to be a highly stable electrode for supercapacitors. The electrodes of metal/CNSs arrays are assembled into symmetric supercapacitors and exhibit high capacitances of 227 F g−1 (at 2.5 A g−1) and an outstanding cycling stability with capacitance retention of 97% after 40 000 cycles.
Characterization and prognostic features of secondary acute myeloid leukemia in a population‐based setting: A report from the Swedish Acute Leukemia Registry
Authors: Hulegårdh Erik , Nilsson Christer , Lazarevic Vladimir , Garelius Hege , Antunovic Petar , Rangert Derolf Åsa , Möllgård Lars , Uggla Bertil , Wennström Lovisa , Wahlin Anders , Höglund Martin , Juliusson Gunnar , Stockelberg Dick , Lehmann Sören
Published: November 2014

Patients with secondary acute myeloid leukemia (AML) often escape inclusion in clinical trials and thus, population‐based studies are crucial for its accurate characterization. In this first large population‐based study on secondary AML, we studied AML with an antecedent hematological disease (AHD‐AML) or therapy‐related AML (t‐AML) in the population‐based Swedish Acute Leukemia Registry. The study included 3,363 adult patients of which 2,474 (73.6%) had de novo AML, 630 (18.7%) AHD‐AML, and 259 (7.7%) t‐AML. Secondary AML differed significantly compared to de novo AML with respect to age, gender, and cytogenetic risk. Complete remission (CR) rates were significantly lower but early death rates similar in secondary AML. In a multivariable analysis, AHD‐AML (HR 1.51; 95% CI 1.26–1.79) and t‐AML (1.72; 1.38–2.15) were independent risk factors for poor survival. The negative impact of AHD‐AML and t‐AML on survival was highly age dependent with a considerable impact in younger patients, but without independent prognostic value in the elderly. Although patients with secondary leukemia did poorly with intensive treatment, early death rates and survival were significantly worse with palliative treatment. We conclude that secondary AML in a population‐based setting has a striking impact on survival in younger AML patients, whereas it lacks prognostic value among the elderly patients. Am. J. Hematol. 90:208–214, 2015. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
A 12q24.31 interstitial deletion in an adult male with MODY3: Neuropsychiatric and neuropsychological characteristics
Authors: Verhoeven Willem M.A. , Egger Jos I.M. , van den Bergh Joop P.W. , van Beek Ronald , Kleefstra Tjitske , de Leeuw Nicole
Published: November 2014

A 39‐year‐old male patient with a disharmonic intelligence profile and juvenile diabetes mellitus is described. At 14 months of age, minor facial dysmorphisms were noticed. He had delayed motor development, obesity at early age, and a diagnosis of insulin‐dependent diabetes at the age of 10 years. He successfully completed secondary education and has been engaged in unskilled work activities, living independently. Upon examination, no psychiatric symptoms were present and his neuropsychological profile showed normal, although disharmonic, intellectual capacities and suboptimal social cognition. Genome wide array analysis identified an interstitial 12q24.31 deletion of 1.67 Mb encompassing hepatocyte nuclear factor‐1‐alpha gene (HNF1A), supporting a diagnosis of maturity‐onset diabetes of the young. Results are discussed in relation to the few identified or published overlapping deletions. This is the first patient with normal intelligence in whom the presence of subtle facial dysmorphisms were decisive for introducing genetic analysis that, in turn, disclosed a rare form of diabetes necessitating modifications in treatment regimen. Clinicians, including those involved in psychiatry, should be aware of the diagnostic and prognostic value of atypical physical features in patients with a long history of complicated glucose regulation. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
The shodair medical genetics department—recent past and future developments
Authors: Elias Abdallah F.
Published: November 2014

Philip Pallister and John Opitz laid the ground work for a unique genetic service model in Montana that continues to flourish through ongoing support by the Montana Legislature, the Montana Department of Public Health and Human Services and the Shodair Foundation. At the heart of the model are clinical and laboratory genetic specialists based at Shodair Children's Hospital in Helena providing genetic care for patients through outreach clinics. Clinical services are supported by a state‐of‐the‐art cytogenetics and molecular genetic laboratory as well a fetal genetic pathology program. Over the years, the reach of regular genetics clinics expanded to include large geographic areas including northwest (Kalispell), west central (Missoula), southwest (Bozeman, Butte), north central (Great Falls), and south central Montana (Billings). Building on the foundation of its world‐renowned pioneers, the next generation of medical geneticists at Shodair carries the responsibility of integrating genomic medicine in the diagnosis and care of their patients, reducing inequality of services within Montana and partnering with colleagues across specialties to develop a more personalized practice of medicine. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
The study of genetic syndromes in a rural setting
Authors: Pallister Philip D.
Published: November 2014

The syndromal and genetic biology reported and reviewed herein can be studied, analyzed and reported by any “GP” with the required gifts, enthusiasm, drive, and ability to work with collaborators of goodwill at University centers near or far; and most importantly, to continue lifelong education and retraining. Beginning individually in rural Boulder, MT in 1947 it was possible to train in phenotype analysis with methods available to any GP, somewhat later to enlist collaborators at the Universities of Wisconsin and Washington, and finally to establish a genetic services program at a regional medical center (Shodair Children's Hospital in Helena) with fiscal support from the State Legislature amending and extending the prior Newborn Screening Act of Montana. With such financial stability it was possible to attract another physician, genetic counselors and a cytogeneticist to the Shodair Program. This genetic center now has expanded to a staff of 22 with advanced capabilities in cytogenetics, biochemistry and molecular biology (q.v. Elias in this issue). In these past 50 years then I have seen the Montana Genetics Program grow from humble rural beginnings to the amazing center it is now providing statewide outreach services, genetic education and the most advanced diagnostics and research. Now, it may not be inappropriate for me to recommend the Montana model for implementation in other genetically underserved regions throughout the United States. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Serendipity or prepared mind? Recollections of the KOP translocation (1967) and of one form of Perrault syndrome
Authors: Opitz John M.
Published: November 2014

The human X/autosome translocation, designated KOP, was discovered by Dr. Philip D. Pallister in Montana in 1967 in a young man with apparent Klinefelter syndrome. Collaboratively it was possible to elucidate the genetic nature of his unprecedented chromosome rearrangement and its developmental effects in mother and son. In retrospect, these clinical and genetic studies at the height of the somatic cell genetics era (Ruddle, Siniscalco, etc.) presented human genetics with a highly productive opportunity to begin gene mapping of autosomes and the X chromosome. The late Victor McKusick considered the discovery of the KOP translocation, as he determined personally in Montana, one of the major transforming events in human genetics. The Perrault syndrome evaluated in two families in Montana and one in Sicily for familial deafness, primary amenorrhea and neurologic impairment (progressive in some), turned out to be heterogeneous. In the “hands” of Dr. M.‐C. King of Seattle four forms of Perrault syndrome have been identified. The autosomal recessive mutation present in the P family studied with Dr. Pallister in Helena, turned out to affect the mitochondrial histidyl tRNA synthetase gene present in prokaryotes, annelids, fungi and mammals, hence, must already have been present in LUCA some 3.8 billion years ago. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Pallister–Killian syndrome
Authors: Izumi Kosuke , Krantz Ian D.
Published: November 2014

Pallister–Killian syndrome (PKS) is characterized by craniofacial dysmorphism, pigmentary skin anomalies, congenital heart defects, congenital diaphragmatic hernia, hypotonia, intellectual disability, and epilepsy. PKS is caused by extra copies of chromosome 12p, most characteristically a marker isochromosome 12p that demonstrates tissue‐limited mosaicism. The cytogenetic diagnosis of PKS is often cumbersome due to the absence of the isochromosome in lymphocytes requiring sampling of other tissues. The mechanism by which the isochromosome 12p results in the constellation of multiple congenital anomalies remains largely unknown. In this review, we summarize the background of, and recent advances in, the clinical and molecular understanding of PKS. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Updating the role played by immunotherapy for allergic rhinitis: meta‐analysis
Authors: Cingi Cemal , Muluk Nuray Bayar , Hanci Deniz , Ulusoy Seckin , Sahin Fezan
Published: November 2014

Background

Although the effectiveness of allergen monotherapy immunotherapy for allergic rhinitis (AR) has been well established by many prior studies, other aspects of immunotherapy are still incompletely documented by high‐quality studies. The many published papers describe various results. The aim of the present study was to conduct a meta‐analysis on the effectiveness of allergen immunotherapy.

Methods

A total of 56 homogeneous studies were included in the analysis. The inclusion criteria used to select articles were as follows: (1) placebo‐controlled clinical trials; (2) the use of immunotherapy; (3) participants and/or physicians were or were not blinded to immunotherapy or placebo assignment (single‐blinding, double‐blinding, or no‐blinding studies); and (4) randomization or not of those in the immunotherapy and placebo groups.

Results

Between 2003 and 2013, 114 placebo‐controlled clinical trials were reported in Medline. Studies describing recovery rates in immunotherapy and placebo groups numbered 56. The distribution of such works was homogeneous (heterogeneity chi‐square = 16.11; degrees of freedom [df] = 55; p = 1.000). The extent of recovery in immunotherapy groups was 53.671‐fold greater than in placebo groups (Mantel‐Haenszel [M‐H] pooled risk ratio [RR] = 53.671; 95% confidence interval [CI], 36.981 to 77.893; z = 20.96; p < 0.001).

Conclusion

Our meta‐analysis suggests that immunotherapy is associated with a recovery rate 53.671‐fold that of placebo.
G‐Quartet‐Based Nanostructure for Mimicking Light‐Harvesting Antenna
Authors: Pu Fang , Wu Li , Ran Xiang , Ren Jinsong , Qu Xiaogang
Published: November 2014

Artificial light‐harvesting systems have received great attention for use in photosynthetic and optoelectronic devices. Herein, a system involving G‐quartet‐based hierarchical nanofibers generated from the self‐assembly of guanosine 5′‐monophosphate (GMP) and a two‐step Förster resonance energy transfer (FRET) is presented that mimics natural light‐harvesting antenna. This solid‐state property offers advantages for future device fabrication. The generation of photocurrent under visible light shows it has potential for use as a nanoscale photoelectric device. The work will be beneficial for the development of light‐harvesting systems by the self‐assembly of supramolecular nanostructures.
Remote meta‐CH Olefination of Phenylacetic Acids Directed by a Versatile U‐Shaped Template
Authors: Deng Youqian , Yu Jin‐Quan
Published: November 2014

meta‐CH olefination of phenylacetic acid derivatives has been achieved using a commercially available nitrile‐containing template. The identification of N‐formyl‐protected glycine as the ligand (Formyl‐Gly‐OH) was crucial for the development of this reaction. Versatility of the template approach in accommodating macrocyclopalladation processes with different ring sizes is demonstrated.
Total Syntheses of Linear Polythiazole/Oxazole Plantazolicin A and Its Biosynthetic Precursor Plantazolicin B
Authors: Wilson Zoe E. , Fenner Sabine , Ley Steven V.
Published: November 2014

Plantazolicin A, a linear decacyclic natural product, exhibits desirable selective activity against the causative agent of anthrax toxicity. The total synthesis of plantazolicin A and its biosynthetic precursor plantazolicin B was successfully achieved by an efficient, unified, and highly convergent route featuring dicyclizations to form 2,4‐concatenated oxazoles and the mild synthesis of thiazoles from natural amino acids. This report represents the first synthesis of plantazolicin B and includes the first complete characterization data for both natural products.
Squeezing Fluoride out of Water with a Neutral Bidentate Antimony(V) Lewis Acid
Authors: Hirai Masato , Gabbaï François P.
Published: November 2014

Because of hydration, fluoride ions in water typically elude complexation by neutral Lewis acids. Here, we show how this limitation can be overcome with a bidentate Lewis acid containing two antimony(V) centers. This derivative (2) is obtained by the simple reaction of 4,5‐bis(diphenylstibino)‐9,9‐dimethylxanthene (1) with two equivalents of 3,4,5,6‐tetrachlorobenzoquinone (o‐chloranil). It features two square‐pyramidal stiborane units oriented in a face‐to‐face fashion. Titration experiments show that this new bidentate Lewis acid binds fluoride in aqueous solutions containing 95 % water with a binding constant (K) of 700±30 M−1. The structure of the fluoride adduct confirms fluoride anion chelation between the two antimony centers.
Upper Limit of Nitrogen Content in Carbon Materials
Authors: Zhang Shiguo , Tsuzuki Seiji , Ueno Kazuhide , Dokko Kaoru , Watanabe Masayoshi
Published: November 2014

Nitrogen‐doped carbon materials (NDCs) play an important role in various fields. A great deal of effort has been devoted to obtaining carbon materials with a high nitrogen content; however, much is still unknown about the structure of the nitrogen‐doped materials and the maximum nitrogen content possible for such compounds. Here, we demonstrate an interesting relationship between the N/C molar ratio and the N content of NDCs. The upper limit for the nitrogen content of NDCs that might be achieved was estimated and found to strongly depend on the carbonization temperature (14.32 wt % at 1000 °C and 21.66 wt % at 900 °C), irrespective of the precursor or preparation conditions. Simulations suggest that, especially in the carbon architectures obtained at high temperatures, nitrogen atoms are always located on separate hexagon moieties in a graphitic configuration, thereby yielding a critical N/C molar ratio very close to the value estimated from the experimental results.
Reply to Comment on “Breakdown of Crystallographic Site Symmetry in Lanthanide‐Doped NaYF4 Crystals”
Authors: Tu Datao , Zheng Wei , Chen Xueyuan
Published: November 2014

In dieser Replik entgegnen die Autoren der Zuschrift „Breakdown of Crystallographic Site Symmetry in Lanthanide‐Doped NaYF4 Crystals“ dem Kommentar von Karbowiak et al., welche die Kristallfeldanalyse des Eu3+‐Ions in ungeordnetem NaYF4 kritisierten. Die Autoren stellen klar, dass die Kritik auf mehreren Missverständnissen beruht.
Copper‐Catalyzed Aerobic Oxidative Transformation of Ketone‐Derived N‐Tosyl Hydrazones: An Entry to Alkynes
Authors: Li Xianwei , Liu Xiaohang , Chen Huoji , Wu Wanqing , Qi Chaorong , Jiang Huanfeng
Published: November 2014

A novel strategy involving Cu‐catalyzed oxidative transformation of ketone‐derived hydrazone moiety to various synthetic valuable internal alkynes and diynes has been developed. This method features inexpensive metal catalyst, green oxidant, good functional group tolerance, high regioselectivity and readily available starting materials. Oxidative deprotonation reactions were carried out to form internal alkynes and symmetrical diynes. Cross‐coupling reactions of hydrazones with halides and terminal alkynes were performed to afford functionalized alkynes and unsymmetrical conjugated diynes. A mechanism proceeding through a Cu‐carbene intermediate is proposed for the CC triple bond formation.
Size‐Controlled Construction of Magnetic Nanoparticle Clusters Using DNA‐Binding Zinc Finger Protein
Authors: Ryu Yiseul , Jin Zongwen , Lee Joong‐jae , Noh Seung‐hyun , Shin Tae‐Hyun , Jo Seong‐Min , Choi Joonsung , Park HyunWook , Cheon Jinwoo , Kim Hak‐Sung
Published: November 2014

Nanoparticle clusters (NPCs) have attracted significant interest owing to their unique characteristics arising from their collective individual properties. Nonetheless, the construction of NPCs in a structurally well‐defined and size‐controllable manner remains a challenge. Here we demonstrate a strategy to construct size‐controlled NPCs using the DNA‐binding zinc finger (ZnF) protein. Biotinylated ZnF was conjugated to DNA templates with different lengths, followed by incubation with neutravidin‐conjugated nanoparticles. The sequence specificity of ZnF and programmable DNA templates enabled a size‐controlled construction of NPCs, resulting in a homogeneous size distribution. We demonstrated the utility of magnetic NPCs by showing a three‐fold increase in the spin–spin relaxivity in MRI compared with Feridex. Furthermore, folate‐conjugated magnetic NPCs exhibited a specific targeting ability for HeLa cells. The present approach can be applicable to other nanoparticles, finding wide applications in many areas such as disease diagnosis, imaging, and delivery of drugs and genes.
Copper Sulfide Nanoparticles with Phospholipid‐PEG Coating for In Vivo Near‐Infrared Photothermal Cancer Therapy
Authors: Huang Yizhuan , Lai Yulian , Shi Saige , Hao Shufang , Wei Jingping , Chen Xiaolan
Published: November 2014

In this work, small sizes of hydrophobic copper sulfide nanoparticles (CuS NPs, ∼3.8 nm in diameter) have been successfully prepared from the reaction of copper chloride with sodium diethyldithiocarbamate (SDEDTC) inside a heated oleylamine solution. These CuS NPs displayed strong absorption in the 700–1100 nm near‐infrared (NIR) region. By coating CuS NPs with DSPE‐PEG2000 on the surface, the as‐synthesized CuS@DSPE‐PEG NPs exhibited good water solubility, significant stability and biocompatibility, as well as excellent photothermal conversion effects upon exposure to an 808 nm laser. After intravenous administration to mice, the CuS@DSPE‐PEG NPs were found to passively target to the tumor site, and tumor tissues could be ablated efficiency under laser irradiation. In addition, CuS@DSPE‐PEG NPs do not show significant toxicity by histological and blood chemistry analysis, and can be effectively excreted via metabolism. Our results indicated that CuS@DSPE‐PEG NPs can act as an ideal photothermal agent for cancer photothermal therapy.