bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
PERILAKU PASANGAN USIA SUBUR (PUS) DALAM PENGAMBILAN KEPUTUSAN MENJADI AKSEPTOR KELUARGA BERENCANA DI DESA HUTATINGGI TAHUN 2020
Authors: Jufri Soleman
Published: September 2022

Masalah utama yang dihadapi di Indonesia dibidang kependudukan adalah masih tingginya angka pertumbuhan penduduk dimana perilaku masyarakat dalam pengambilan keputusan menjadi akseptor keluarga berencana dipengaruhi beberapa faktor yang dilihat dari aspek-aspek agama, psikologis, sosial, budaya, dan sosioekonomi. Hambatan agama umumnya berupa pandangan yang bersifat pronatalis (setuju akan jumlah kelahiran yang alamiah). Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui perilaku pasangan usia subur (PUS) dalam pengambilan keputusan menjadi akseptor keluarga berencana dengan jenis penelitian Kuantitatif dan desain deskriptif melalui pendekatan cross sectional. Jumlah sampel dalam penelitian ini adalah 71 orang. Pengambilan sampel dilakukan dengan menggunakan Total Sampling yang telah dilakukakan pada bulan Juli sampai Agustus 2020 di Desa Hutatinggi dengan menggunakan instrumen berupa kuesioner. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa dari 71 responden mayoritas pasangan usia subur memiliki pengetahuan baik sebanyak 36 orang (50,7%) dan mayoritas pasangan usia subur bersikap positif  sebanyak 65 orang (92%) dalam pengambilan keputusan menjadi akseptor keluarga berencana (KB). Sebagai bahan pertimbangan dan masukan diharapkan pelayanan kesehatan untuk tetap meningkatkan penyuluhan keluarga berencana agar dapat menambah informasi sehingga pengetahuan pasangan usia subur tentang keluarga berencana akan tetap baik.
Occurrence of Polar Stratospheric Clouds as derived from Ground-based Zenith DOAS Observations using the Colour Index
Authors: Lauster Bianca , Dörner Steffen , Enell Carl-Fredrik , Frieß Udo , Gu Myojeong , Pukīte Janis , Raffalski Uwe , Wagner Thomas
Published: September 2022

Abstract. Polar stratospheric clouds (PSCs) are an important component of ozone chemistry in polar regions. Studying the ozone-depleting processes requires a precise description of PSCs on a long-term basis. Although satellite observations already yield high spatial coverage, continuous ground-based measurements covering long time periods can be a valuable complement. In this study, differential optical absorption spectroscopy (DOAS) instruments are used to investigate the occurrence of PSCs based on the so-called colour index (CI), i.e. the colour of the zenith sky. Defined as the ratio between the observed intensities of scattered sunlight at two wavelengths, it provides a method to detect PSCs during twilight even in the presence of tropospheric clouds. We present data from instruments at the German research station Neumayer, Antarctica (71 °S, 8 °W) as well as Kiruna, Sweden (68 °N, 20 °E), which are in operation for more than 20 years. For a comprehensive interpretation of the measurement data, the well-established radiative transfer model McArtim is used and radiances of scattered sunlight are simulated at several wavelengths for different solar zenith angles and various atmospheric conditions. The aim is to improve and evaluate the potential of this method. It is then used to infer the seasonal cycle and the variability of PSC occurrence throughout the time series measured in both hemispheres. A good agreement is found to satellite retrievals with deviations particularly in spring. The unexpectedly high signal observed in the DOAS data during spring time suggests the influence of volcanic aerosol. This is also indicated by enhanced aerosol extinction as seen from OMPS data but is not captured by other PSC climatologies. The presented approach allows the detection of PSCs for various atmospheric conditions not only for individual case studies but over entire time series, which is a decisive advance compared to previous work on the PSC detection from ground-based instruments. Apart from the interannual variability, no significant trend is detected for either measurement station. The averaged PSC relative frequency amounts to about 37 % above the Neumayer station and about 18 % above Kiruna.
Reconciling the total carbon budget for boreal forest wildfire emissions using airborne observations
Authors: Hayden Katherine L. , Li Shao-Meng , Liggio John , Wheeler Michael J. , Wentzell Jeremy J. B. , Leithead Amy , Brickell Peter , Mittermeier Richard L. , Oldham Zachary , Mihele Cristian M. , Staebler Ralf M. , Moussa Samar G. , Darlington Andrea , Wolde Mengistu , Thompson Daniel , Chen Jack , Griffin Debora , Eckert Ellen , Ditto Jenna C. , He Megan , Gentner Drew R.
Published: September 2022

Abstract. Wildfire impacts on air quality and climate are expected to be exacerbated
by climate change with the most pronounced impacts in the boreal biome.
Despite the large geographic coverage, there is limited information on
boreal forest wildfire emissions, particularly for organic compounds, which
are critical inputs for air quality model predictions of downwind impacts.
In this study, airborne measurements of 193 compounds from 15 instruments,
including 173 non-methane organics compounds (NMOG), were used to provide
the most detailed characterization, to date, of boreal forest wildfire
emissions. Highly speciated measurements showed a large diversity of
chemical classes highlighting the complexity of emissions. Using
measurements of the total NMOG carbon (NMOGT), the ΣNMOG was
found to be 50 % ± 3 % to 53 % ± 3 % of NMOGT, of which, the
intermediate- and semi-volatile organic compounds (I/SVOCs) were estimated
to account for 7 % to 10 %. These estimates of I/SVOC emission factors
expand the volatility range of NMOG typically reported. Despite extensive
speciation, a substantial portion of NMOGT remained unidentified
(47 % ± 15 % to 50 % ± 15 %), with expected contributions from more
highly-functionalized VOCs and I/SVOCs. The emission factors derived in this
study improve wildfire chemical speciation profiles and are especially
relevant for air quality modelling of boreal forest wildfires. These
aircraft-derived emission estimates were further linked with those derived
from satellite observations demonstrating their combined value in assessing
variability in modelled emissions. These results contribute to the
verification and improvement of models that are essential for reliable
predictions of near-source and downwind pollution resulting from boreal
forest wildfires.
Estimates of spatially complete, observational data-driven planetary boundary layer height over the contiguous United States
Authors: Ayazpour Zolal , Tao Shiqi , Li Dan , Scarino Amy Jo , Kuehn Ralph E. , Sun Kang
Published: September 2022

Abstract. This study aims to generate a spatially complete planetary boundary layer height (PBLH) product over the contiguous US (CONUS) with minimal biases from observational data sets. An eXtreme Gradient Boosting (XGB) regression model was developed using selected meteorological and geographical data fields as explanatory variables to fit the PBLH values that are derived from Aircraft Meteorological DAta Reporting (AMDAR) hourly profiles at 13:00–14:00 local solar time (LST) during 2005–2019. The PBLH prediction by this work as well as PBLHs from three reanalysis datasets (ERA5, MERRA-2, and NARR) were evaluated by independent PBLH observations from spaceborne lidar (CALIPSO), airborne lidar (High Spectral Resolution Lidar, HSRL), and in-situ aircraft profiles from the DISCOVER-AQ campaigns. Compared with PBLH products from reanalyses, the model prediction from this work shows in general closer agreement with the reference observations. The reanalysis datasets show significant high biases in the west CONUS relative to the reference observations. One direct application of this dataset is that it enables sampling PBLH at the sounding locations and times of sensors aboard satellites with overpass time in the early afternoon, e.g., the A-train, Suomi-NPP, JPSS, and Sentinel 5-Precursor satellite sensors. Since both AMDAR and ERA5 are continuous at hourly resolution, future work is expected to extend the observational data-driven PBLHs to other daytime hours for the TEMPO mission.
Available potential energy of the three-dimensional mean state of the atmosphere and the thermodynamic potential for warm conveyor belts
Authors: Gertler Charles Garrison , O'Gorman Paul Ambrose , Pfahl Stephan
Published: September 2022

Abstract. Much of our understanding of the atmospheric circulation comes from relationships between aspects of the circula- tion and the mean state of the atmosphere. In particular, the concept of mean available potential energy (MAPE) has been used previously to relate the strength of the extratropical storm tracks to the zonal-mean temperature and humidity distributions. Here, we calculate for the first time the MAPE of the three-dimensional time-mean state of the atmosphere including the effects of latent heating. We further calculate a local MAPE by restricting the domain to an assumed eddy size, and we partition this local MAPE into convective and nonconvective components. Local nonconvective MAPE has a similar spatial pattern to the Eady growth rate, while local convective MAPE has some similarities in spatial pattern to a high percentile of instanta- neous convective available potential energy. Furthermore, the maximum potential ascent associated with nonconvective local MAPE is strongly related to the frequency of warm conveyor belts (WCBs) which are ascending air streams in extratropical cyclones with large impacts on weather. This maximum potential ascent can be calculated based only on mean temperature and humidity, and it also skillfully identifies the necessary conditions for WCBs at a given location on a specific day. These advances in the use of MAPE are expected to be helpful to connect changes in the mean state of the atmosphere, such as under global warming, to changes in important aspects of the extratropical circulation.
Lunar Science and Exploration activities in the framework of the Lunar Gravitation-Wave Antenna (LGWA) collaboration
Authors: Frigeri Alessandro , Olivieri Marco , Harms Jan ,   WG2 (Lunar Science and Exploration) of the Lunar Gravitational-Wave Antenna (LGWA) collaboration
Published: September 2022

he Lunar Gravitational-wave Antenna (LGWA) is a mission conceived as an array of stations to measure the vibrations of the Moon caused by gravitational waves (GWs). LGWA will lead to the first observation of GW signals in the decihertz band greatly expanding our understanding of the universe and laying out a path to eventually probe the moment of its creation. The collaboration is working to build-up the science and technology underlying a successful mission. The final objective is to deploy an array of high-end cryogenic seismometers in one of the Permanently shadowed regions (PSRs) of the Moon. The LGWA seismic stations will also be unique contributions to a lunar geophysical network shedding light on the history of lunar formation. 

In this framework, Working Group 2 (Lunar Science and Exploration) is integrating researchers with different background as seismology, geophysics, planetology and astrophysics to build-up the collaborative group whose ambitious targets are: to define the landing site, its geology and its site response, to model the expected background noise and the noise correlation and to predict the lunar response to GWs. Ongoing activities include synthetic modelling of the lunar regolith and the study of the surface geology. 
The Comet Interceptor Mission
Authors: Jones Geraint , Snodgrass Colin , Tubiana Cecilia ,   The Comet Interceptor Consortium
Published: September 2022

In 2019, Comet Interceptor was selected by the European Space Agency, ESA, as the first in its new class of F missions. At the time of this writing, formal adoption of the mission is anticipated for early June 2022. The Japanese space agency, JAXA, is making a major contribution to the project. Comet Interceptor's primary science goal is to characterise for the first time, a yet-to-be-discovered long-period comet, preferably dynamically new, or an interstellar object. An encounter with a comet approaching the Sun for the first time will provide valuable data to complement information gathered by all previous comet missions, which through necessity all visited more evolved short period comets. The spacecraft will be launched in 2029 with the Ariel mission to the Sun-Earth Lagrange Point, L2. This relatively stable location allows a rapid response to the appearance of a suitable target comet, which will need to cross the ecliptic plane through an annulus centered on the Sun that contains Earth’s orbit. A suitable new comet would be searched for from Earth, with short period comets acting as mission backup targets. Powerful facilities such as the Vera Rubin Observatory make finding a suitable comet nearing the Sun very promising, and the spacecraft could encounter an interstellar object if one is found on a suitable trajectory. The spacecraft must cope with a wide range of target activity levels, flyby speeds, and encounter geometries. This flexibility has significant impacts on the spacecraft solar power input, thermal design, and shielding that can cope with dust impacts. Comet Interceptor comprises a main spacecraft and two probes, one provided by ESA, the other by JAXA, which will be released by the main spacecraft on approach to the target. The main spacecraft, which would act as the primary communication point for the whole constellation, would be targeted to pass outside the hazardous inner coma, making remote and in situ observations on the comet’s sunward side. Planned measurements of the target include its surface composition, shape, and structure, its dust environment, and the gas coma’s composition. A unique, multi-point ‘snapshot’ of the comet- solar wind interaction region will be obtained, complementing single spacecraft observations at other comets. We shall describe the science drivers, planned observations, and the mission’s instrument complement, to be provided by consortia of institutions in Europe and Japan.
Exploring the depth of weather storms and vortices in Jupiter’s atmosphere
Authors: Bolton Scott ,   Juno MWR Science Team
Published: September 2022

As observed for over 100 years, Jupiter's atmosphere has been characterized by a well-organized system of zones and belts disrupted by storms and vortices such as the Great Red Spot (GRS).  Jupiter’s meteorologically-active weather layer, where storms, vortices, and convective clouds are observed, was expected to be constrained to relatively shallow depths above the levels where water condensation and latent heat release might be an important driver of convection.  Early results from Juno extended the puzzle by discovering that both ammonia and water vary across most of the planet at much greater depths than their expected saturation levels.

 

The Microwave Radiometer (MWR) instrument on the Juno spacecraft provides a new and unique view into giant planetary atmospheres, using a set of radiometers operating at a range of frequencies that interrogate depths from the upper troposphere down to more than 600 km beneath the visible cloud tops.  As part of Juno, an unprecedented collaboration between ground- and space-based observations has been organized to help interpret the MWR and other Juno data.  Infrared images and spectroscopy from Juno’s Jovian Infrared Auroral Mapper (JIRAM) instrument, as well as from Earth-based observatories, provide compositional boundary conditions for the interpretation of the MWR data.  Spatial context comes from color imaging by JunoCam on Juno and from HST, together with ground-based imaging spanning the UV to the IR.  We present preliminary results of a study on the dynamics inside Jupiter’s atmosphere relating the cloud and storm features observed at shallow depths to the deeper atmospheric dynamics detected by the MWR.
Impact of the methane cycle in tropospheric convection on Neptune revealed by a cloud resolving model
Authors: Clement Noe , Leconte Jeremy , Spiga Aymeric , Milcareck Gwenael , Guerlet Sandrine , Selsis Franck
Published: September 2022

Despite the little insolation received by the ice giant planets, the stormy activity of their atmospheres is intense. Indeed Neptune has the strongest winds in the solar system, reaching 400 m/s in addition to being retrograde. What is the phenomenum responsible for this activity ?

Interestingly, unlike the Earth, the species able to condense in the atmospheres of Uranus and Neptune, methane in particular, are heavier than the ambient air, essentially hydrogen. This property makes convection difficult to start [1,2]. Convection in these atmospheres should therefore be a regime of strong intermittence where convective energy can be stored for a long time before being released in short episodes. Our hypothesis is that this regime is at the origin of intense storms. Then, these storms could drive the intense winds observed on a global scale.

To study this hypothesis, we use a "cloud-resolving" model. This model is built from a dynamical core (The Weather Research and Forecasting model), that has been initially developed for terrestrial applications and already adapted for simulations on Mars and Venus [3,4], coupled to independent physical parameterizations such as a radiative transfer. The high resolution of the model grid can allow us to highlight dry but also moist atmospheric convection, by resolving cloud formation and dissipation.

We will present our implementation of methane cycle in this model and first moist simulations, and compare them with simple dry simulations, in order to reveal the impact of Methane cycle in tropospheric convection on Neptune.

 

(1) Leconte J., Selsis F., Hersant F., Guillot T. (2017) Condensation-inhibited convection in hydrogen-rich atmospheres. stability against double-diffusive processes and thermal profiles for Jupiter, Saturn, Uranus, and Neptune Astron. Astrophys., 598 (2017), p. A98, 10.1051/0004- 361/201629140

(2) Hueso R, Guillot T, and Sánchez-Lavega A. (2020) Convective storms and atmospheric vertical structure in Uranus and Neptune. Phil. Trans. R. Soc. A 378: 20190476. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rsta.2019.0476

(3) Spiga, A., and F. Forget (2009), A new model to simulate the Martian mesoscale and microscale atmospheric circulation: Validation and first results, J. Geophys. Res., 114, E02009, doi:10.1029/2008JE003242.

(4) Lefèvre, M., A. Spiga, and S. Lebonnois (2017), Three-dimensional turbulence-resolving modeling of the Venusian cloud layer and induced gravity waves, J. Geophys. Res. Planets, 122, 134–149, doi:10.1002/2016JE005146.

 
Dust Devil frequency of occurrence at Jezero crater and radiative effects as derived by MEDA-RDS
Authors: Apestique Victor , Toledo Daniel , Arruego Ignacio ,   MEDA and ATM team
Published: September 2022

The dust cycle dominates Mars's meteorology. Studying the dust injection into the atmosphere is crucial to understanding and modeling the planet's climate. The Mars Environmental Dynamics Analyzer (MEDA) [1], on board the Perseverance rover, is a meteorological station than has been operating on Mars's surface for more than 400 sols [2]. One of the main goals of MEDA is to study the Mars dust cycle, and for this purpose, it includes the Radiation and Dust Sensor (RDS) [3], among other instruments. This instrument contains two different sensing technologies for dust characterization: a CCD camera looking at the sky and a radiometer based on silicon detectors arranged in different orientations. As a result of the RDS field of view, the number of sensors, and low power consumption and data volume, this sensor is capable of detecting and characterizing dust lifting events such as dust devils for extended periods (of hours) and at a high sampling frequency (1 Hz). Moreover, for the cases with multiple RDS detections and wind sensor observations, the trajectory and dust devil geometry can be derived.

In this work, we have estimated for the first 365 sols: i) the number of dust devils formed at Jezero (expressed in number per area and unit of time); ii) the dust devil impact on the irradiance levels on the surface at different wavelength ranges (e.g. UV or 190-1200 nm ranges); iii) the dust devil spatial distribution along the rover traverse; and iv) the dust devil geometry (diameter and altitude) and trajectory for some of the events. For these analyses, we made used of radiative transfer and Monte-Carlo trajectory simulations. We will also discuss the implications of these results on the Mars dust cycle.    

[1] Rodriguez-Manfredi, J. A., et al. (2021). The Mars Environmental Dynamics Analyzer, MEDA. A suite of environmental sensors for the Mars 2020 mission. Space science reviews, 217(3), 1-86.

[2] Newman, C.E. et al. The dynamic atmospheric and aeolian environment of Jezero crater, Mars, Science Advances (in press).

[3] Apestigue, V. et al. Radiation and Dust Sensor for Mars Environmental Dynamic Analyzer Onboard M2020 Rover. Sensors, 22, 2907 (2022). doi:10.3390/s22082907
Critical factors for plate tectonics on rocky planets
Authors: Henke-Seemann Oliver , Noack Lena
Published: September 2022

Convective mantle flow of terrestrial planets is governed by a temperature- and pressure-dependent rheology. This results in a stagnant-lid regime observed on most terrestrial planets. Plastic deformation can lead to breaking of the strong upper lithosphere, which resembles plate tectonics on Earth.

Most efforts to model mantle convection with self-consistent plate tectonics combine Newtonian power-law with a stress-dependent pseudo-plastic rheology.
In the uppermost mantle, where stresses are high, deformation is thought to be driven partly by dislocation creep. This is often neglected in viscoplastic consideration, which employ purely diffusion-creep-driven flow combined with a yield criterion.

In our models we employ an effective viscosity law combining both Newtonian and Non-Newtonian power laws with a pseudo-plastic model. We study the influence of rheology in combination with grain size and different yield stress parameterizations on the likelihood of the on-set of plate tectonics in a 2D-spherical annulus geometry. We compute common diagnostic values related to the characterization of a mobilized surface. With this model we aim at identifying key planetary factors for the occurrence or absence of plate tectonics. 
Atmospheric retrievals of terrestrial planets with future space missions
Authors: Alei Eleonora , Konrad Björn S. , Angerhausen Daniel , Quanz Sascha P. ,   LIFE collaboration
Published: September 2022

From the White Paper series within the ESA “Voyage 2050” process [1] and the US Astro 2020 Decadal [2], it is clear that the astronomical community is going to focus on investigating temperate, terrestrial exoplanets to understand their potential habitability and search for atmospheric signatures of biospheres. 

Various concepts for future space missions have been proposed, from a large IR/O/UV (LUVOIR/HabEx-like) space mission for studies in reflected light [3, 4], to the mid-infrared nulling interferometer LIFE (Large Interferometer for Exoplanets), to characterize the thermal portion of the planetary spectrum [5, 6]. Their goal is to constrain the bulk parameters, atmospheric structure and composition, and the surface conditions of dozens of terrestrial exoplanets. Atmospheric retrieval studies are essential to define the potential of future missions, determine the technical requirements, as well as to validate the analysis pipelines. It is also relevant at this stage to quantify any synergy among the various instruments, in order to identify compelling science cases whose characterization would be enhanced by observation in multiple wavelength ranges.

Bayesian retrieval routines are the key to a statistically robust analysis of a measured atmospheric spectrum. The Bayesian retrieval method builds on iteratively fitting a parametric model for the planet spectrum to the observed spectrum to get estimates on the composition of the planet’s atmosphere and its structure. Such a method can be useful to quantify the amount of information that can be extracted from an observed spectrum, depending on its quality (in terms of resolution, signal-to-noise ratio, observing time, and wavelength range).

Retrieval studies are currently being performed in order to determine the requirements for the upcoming missions. In this talk, I will summarize the main results of the latest atmospheric retrieval studies that were performed during the studies of some future space mission concepts. 

 

References:

[1] https://www.cosmos.esa.int/web/voyage-2050

[2] National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine. 2021, Pathways to Discovery in Astronomy and Astrophysics for the 2020s (Washington, DC: The National Academies Press)

[3] Gaudi, B. S., et al. 2020, arXiv e-prints,arXiv:2001.06683

[4] Peterson, B. M., Fischer, D., & LUVOIR Science and Technology Definition Team. 2017, in American Astronomical Society Meeting Abstracts, Vol. 229, 405.04

[5] Quanz, S. P., et al., 2018, Proc. SPIE, 107011I

[6] Quanz, S. P., et al. 2021, arXiv e-prints,arXiv:2101.07500
The shape of Jupiter and Saturn based on winds, occultations and gravity measurements
Authors: Galanti Eli , Smirnova Maria , Kaspi Yohai , Guillot Tristan
Published: September 2022

The shape of gaseous planets, defined as an equipotential surface for a specific pressure, can be calculated given measurements of the zonal gravity harmonics, and the wind profile and polar radius at a given level. For both Jupiter and Saturn, the gravity harmonics have been measured to high accuracy by the Juno and Cassini missions, respectively. Measurements for the zonal winds are also available via cloud tracking, buth a significant uncertainty is associated with them, stemming from the clouds altitudes, as well as time variations in the strength and location of the winds. With that, the wind profiles can be also constrained by the gravity measurements. Further constraint on the calculated shape of the two gas giants can be obtained from occultation measurements, which give radial dependent profiles of pressure for specific spatial location.

Here we propose a new method for calculating the shape of the gas giants, based on an optimization of the wind latitudinal profile, decay structure, and the polar radius, given both gravity and occultation measurements. We use thermal wind balance to relate the wind to the gravity measurements, and a shape model to relate the wind and polar radius to the occultation measurements. We perform the analysis for both the 0.1 and 1 bar pressure levels. We examine the ability to explain both types of measurements in each planet, and discuss the implication for the possible wind profiles and how they might change with pressure. We also discuss the solutions for the polar radius with respect to the currently used mean values.

Only a few occultation measurements are currently available in each planet, but in the coming years the Juno mission is expected to perform dozens of occultations for Jupiter, covering a wide spatial range, and there are several Cassini occultations performed for Saturn that are still waiting for analysis. Using the method proposed here, we expect the new measurements to help resolve the shape of the gas giants to better accuracy, and to allow better understanding of the wind structures and their depth dependence.
SHERLOCK: A python pipeline to explore space-based observations in the search for planets
Authors: Pozuelos Francisco J. , Dévora-Pajares Martín , Thuillier Antoine , Van Grootel Valerie , Suarez Yanes Juan Carlos
Published: September 2022

In this porter, we present SHERLOCK, an end-to-end pipeline that allows the users to explore the data from space-based missions such as TESS and Kepler/K2 to search for planetary candidates. It can be used to recover alerted candidates by the automatic pipelines such as the Science Processing Operations Center (SPOC) and the Quick Look Pipeline (QLP), the so-called Kepler objects of interest (KOIs) and TESS objects of interest (TOIs), and to search for candidates that remain unnoticed due to detection thresholds, lack of data exploration or poor photometric quality. To this end, SHERLOCK has six different modules to (1) acquire and prepare the light curves from their repositories, (2) search for planetary candidates, (3) vet the interesting signals, (4) perform a statistical validation, (5) model the signals to refine their ephemerides, and (6) compute the observational windows from ground-based observatories to trigger a follow-up campaign. To execute all these modules, the user only needs to fill in an initial yaml file with some basic information, such as the star ID, the cadence to be used, etc., and use sequentially a few lines of code to pass from one step to the next. Alternatively, the user may provide SHERLOCK with the light curve in a csv file, where the time, the normalized flux, and the flux error need to be given in columns comma-separated format. SHERLOCK is being used in the SPECULOOS project, which is searching for transiting Earth-sized planet orbiting ultra-cool stars in the habitable zone. These planets provide the best opportunities for future atmospheric characterization of temperate small rocky worlds. In addition, SHERLOCK is used in the FATE project, a survey that aims to find transiting planets orbiting hot subdwarfs. Thanks to their small sizes, these stars represent excellent opportunities for addressing the question of the evolution of planetary systems once their host stars left the main sequence and passed through the red giant branch phase. SHERLOCK is an open-source friendly-user package available at https://github.com/franpoz/SHERLOCK
Offsets in Laplace resonances: The case of Kepler-80
Authors: Charalambous Carolina , Teyssandier Jean , Libert Anne-Sophie
Published: September 2022

Planetary formation theories predict that planets can be captured in mean-motion resonances (MMRs) during the migration process in the protoplanetary disc. However, among the discovered extrasolar planets, there is an enormous variety of orbital architectures and generally the planet pairs are not precisely found at the nominal resonance, but instead present a resonant offset slightly exterior to it.

In this work we focus on Kepler-80 which falls into the category known as STIPs: Systems with Tightly packed Inner Planets. The planets of these systems are believed to form farther from the star and then migrate inward while the disc is present. Once the disc disperses, tidal interactions with the central star become important, usually slowly pushing the planets outwards.

Kepler-80 is a 6-planet STIP which exhibits a particular dynamical configuration. The planets are in 2 and 3-planet MMRs and the observed resonant offset grows with the distance to the star. We aim to understand whether the tides can generate this particular configuration of the offsets. To do so, we propose a realistic scenario for the formation of Kepler-80 and analyze how the tidal effects can transport from the inner planets to the outer ones through the resonances of the system.
New contributions of measurements in Europe to the global inventory of the stable isotopic composition of methane
Authors: Menoud Malika , van der Veen Carina , Lowry Dave , Fernandez Julianne M. , Bakkaloglu Semra , France James L. , Fisher Rebecca E. , Maazallahi Hossein , Stanisavljević Mila , Nęcki Jarosław , Vinkovic Katarina , Łakomiec Patryk , Rinne Janne , Korbeń Piotr , Schmidt Martina , Defratyka Sara , Yver-Kwok Camille , Andersen Truls , Chen Huilin , Röckmann Thomas
Published: September 2022

Abstract. Recent climate change mitigation strategies rely on the reduction of methane (CH4) emissions. Carbon and hydrogen isotope ratio (δ13CCH4 and δ2HCH4) measurements can be used to distinguish sources and thus to understand the CH4 budget better. The CH4 emission estimates by models are sensitive to the isotopic signatures assigned to each source category, so it is important to provide representative estimates of the different CH4 source isotopic signatures worldwide. We present new measurements of isotope signatures of various, mainly anthropogenic, CH4 sources in Europe, which represent a substantial contribution to the global dataset of source isotopic measurements from the literature, especially for δ2HCH4. They improve the definition of δ13CCH4 from waste sources, and demonstrate the use of δ2HCH4 for fossil fuel source attribution. We combined our new measurements with the last published database of CH4 isotopic signatures and with additional literature, and present a new global database. We found that microbial sources are generally well characterised. The large variability in fossil fuel isotopic compositions requires particular care in the choice of weighting criteria for the calculation of a representative global value. The global dataset could be further improved by measurements from African, South American, and Asian countries, and more measurements from pyrogenic sources. We improved the source characterisation of CH4 emissions using stable isotopes and associated uncertainty, to be used in top-down studies. We emphasise that an appropriate use of the database requires the analysis of specific parameters in relation to source type and the region of interest. The final version of the European CH4 isotope database coupled with a global inventory of fossil and non-fossil δ13CCH4 and δ2HCH4 source signature measurements is available at https://doi.org/10.24416/UU01-YP43IN (Menoud et al., 2022a).
Shifting spatial patterns in German population trends: local-level hot and cold spots, 1990–2019
Authors: Leibert Tim , Wolff Manuel , Haase Annegret
Published: September 2022

Abstract. The population development of German municipalities is characterized by pronounced regional disparities. We seek to shed new light on the shifting patterns of population development in Germany at the local level between 1990 and 2019 to understand better the drivers of population development at the local level and to initiate a debate on the
(dis)advantages of longitudinal analyses of population change at the local
level and the resulting methodological challenges. We address three
interrelated questions: (1) how do patterns of local population trends shift over time and in space? (2) Where are the hot and cold spots of population development, and how stable are they? (3) Are there any persistent outliers defying the regional trends of population development? We use a unique database that includes annual data on the population development of all German municipalities to answer these questions. Using spatial autocorrelation and hot-spot–cold-spot analysis, we identify short- and long-term population trajectories that allow us to detect both the hot and the cold spots of population development and islands of growth in otherwise shrinking regions and islands of decline in growing regions. Stable hot spots of population growth exist around Germany's three largest cities – Berlin, Hamburg and Munich – and in the rural northwest. The cold spots of population development are concentrated in rural regions of eastern Germany but also structurally weak, old industrialized rural regions around Brunswick and Kassel and in Upper Franconia, Saarland and Western Palatinate.
Grid refinement in ICON v2.6.4
Authors: Zängl Günther , Reinert Daniel , Prill Florian
Published: September 2022

Abstract. This article describes the implementation of grid refinement in the ICOsahedral Nonhydrostatic (ICON) modeling system.
It basically follows the classical two-way nesting approach known from widely used mesoscale models like MM5
or WRF, but it differs in the way feedback from fine grids to coarser grids is applied.
Moreover, the ICON implementation supports vertical nesting in the sense that the upper boundary of a nested domain
may be lower than that of its parent domain. Compared to the well-established implementations on quadrilateral grids,
new methods had to be developed for interpolating the lateral boundary conditions from the parent domain to the
child domain(s). These are based on radial basis functions (RBFs) and partly apply direct reconstruction of the
prognostic variables at the required grid points, whereas gradient-based extrapolation from parent to child grid
points is used in other cases.
The runtime flow control is written such that limited-area domains can be processed identically to nested domains
except for the lateral boundary data supply. To demonstrate the functionality and quality of the grid nesting in ICON,
idealized tests based on the Jablonowski–Williamson test case (Jablonowski and Williamson, 2006) and the Schär mountain wave
test case (Schär et al., 2002) are presented. The results show that the numerical disturbances induced at the nest
boundaries are small enough to be negligible for real applications. This is confirmed by experiments closely
following the configuration used for operational numerical weather prediction at DWD, which demonstrate that a
regional refinement over Europe has a significant positive impact on the forecast quality in the Northern
Hemisphere.
Progress in characterising water-energy-food interdependencies
Authors: Conway Declan
Published: September 2022

Enhanced coordination is an important feature of the water–energy–food (WEF) nexus – an agenda that highlights the interdependencies between these sectors. But, while greater coordination is often promoted as a goal, particularly in relation to policy and planning, achieving it is far from easy. There are two complementary dimensions to understanding the WEF nexus; quantifying the physical links between sectors, and unravelling the management and governance structures involved. This paper profiles two different approaches to address the former dimension as a means to enable greater understanding of multi-sector interdependencies. One uses a multi-scale analysis of nexus linkages in the Gulf region to show how integrating new datasets can allow a more comprehensive analysis of WEF interdependencies, and in so doing highlight emerging areas of risk. The other illustrates how application of visualisation methods in a river basin can help present to stakeholders the complex trade-offs that exist across the WEF nexus and potentially contribute to decision-making. This study sought guidance on what stakeholders felt were important services that development in their river basin should achieve sustainably (performance indicators) and then simulated many thousands of combinations of options to identify which ones worked best across the different performance indicators using multi-objective optimisation. Respectively, these examples show how a nexus approach can reveal that a country’s food imports are associated with unsustainable agricultural practices and where the use of innovative modelling and visualisation techniques can provide opportunities to convey the complex outcomes of decisions, capturing alternative perspectives and values. So - while coordination is hard to achieve - new datasets and innovative methods of visualisation offer promise in addressing at least some of the barriers that confront progress in moving forward a nexus agenda.
Tracing and hydraulic modeling of flows in a constructed wetland for the treatment of the pollutants load from drained agricultural lands.
Authors: Henine Hocine , Tournebize Julien , Chaumont Cedric , Lemaire Bruno J.
Published: September 2022

Complementary to the reduction of fertilizers and pesticides applications, a promising measure against non-point source pollution from agriculture is the implementation of constructed wetlands intercepting polluted surface water. They are widely used to protect sensitive water resources (e.g. aquifers, lakes or rivers), especially when grass strips are bypassed by a subsurface drainage network. Constructed wetlands, intermittently fed during autumn and spring in a temperate climate, are composed of three interacting compartments: sediment layer, vegetation and water column. Pollutant mitigation increases with the time spent by water in contact with the sediment and with vegetation. Its removal potential is mainly driven by the inflow and its distribution over the wetland area. When sparse or in patches, vegetation makes the flow path more complex and can cause shortcuts and dead zones. The challenge is to link the yearly patterns of discharge, hydraulic performance and removal rate, in order to provide guidelines for the design of constructed wetlands.

In this study, the three-dimensional hydrodynamic model Delft3D-Flow was used to simulate flow within a constructed wetland, forced by observed meteorological conditions. Contrary to commonly used bidimensional models, Delft3D-Flow can differentiate flow conditions through immerged and above submerged vegetation. The study site is the constructed wetland (0.5 ha built in 2010) of Rampillon, France, a buffer zone between drained agricultural lands (355 ha subcatchment) and the direct recharge into a karstic aquifer trough sinkholes. The model was validated on continuous outflow concentration measurements and on areal images during two tracing experiments in different flow conditions, using the conservative tracer Rhodamine WT. The hydraulic performance assessment at the yearly scale is based on shortcut and mixing indicators, which are extracted from the distribution of the tracer residence time. The calculation of these indicators at the yearly scale showed that the mixing level does not change significantly and that the shortcuts and dead zones decrease slightly as the flow rate increases.
Ensemble Data Assimilation Methods for Improved Snow Estimation and Streamflow Prediction in Mountainous Terrain 
Authors: Casson David , Knoben Wouter , Arnal Louise , Gharari Shervan , van Osnabrugge Bart , Tang Guoqiang , Liu Hongli , Clark Martyn
Published: September 2022

Accurate estimation of seasonal snow mass for streamflow forecasting remains a technical and scientific challenge that requires advances in both physically based modelling and measurement techniques. Data assimilation provides methods to optimally combine modeled and measured information, and can be used to improving snow state estimates used as initial conditions for streamflow forecasting. Several key challenges remain for practical implementation in mountainous snow data assimilation, including quantification of measurement and model uncertainties, connecting point-scale observations to spatially distributed model states in complex terrain and the ability to improve information where measurements are not available.

This research presents recent effort in addressing these challenges through ensemble snow data assimilation in the Canadian Rocky Mountains. Specifically, discretization to improve spatial representation of snow cover, assimilation of in-situ measurements with the Particle Filter and Ensemble Kalman Filter and assessment of the impact on streamflow forecasts.  This is carried out with a dynamic multi-layer, energy balance snow model in the Structure for Unifying Multiple Modeling Alternatives (SUMMA) framework.  This builds on recently developed North American domain hydrological modelling, probabilistic meteorological data generation and forecasting efforts by the Computational Hydrology group at the University of Saskatchewan. Planning for snow sub-grid heterogeneity and the assimilation of remotely sensed fractional snow cover area will also be presented.
Digital water globe of IAHS to enhance communication and sharing
Authors: Arheimer Berit ,   Task force of IAHS Digital Water Globe
Published: September 2022

The digital revolution is accelerating, and the current pandemic induces both constraints and innovations. To coincide with its centenary, IAHS wishes to implement a web platform and software system to efficiently link and display global hydrological knowledge and scientific findings, and to facilitate new networking and knowledge management, e.g. linked to Unsolved Problems in Hydrology (UPH), and thereby accelerating awareness and advancement.

Therefore, IAHS bureau decided on developing a digital globe, which aims to stimulate and facilitate engagement, interactions and dialogues between IAHS scientists and between scientists and stakeholders, such as other experts, practitioners, media and citizens. The development takes stock of current state-of-the-art technology in web visualisation and cutting-edge hydrological research from the IAHS international commissions and working groups, as well as HSJ scientific publications.

The digital globe offers co-creation and re-examines the role of scientific outreach by exploring novel digital ways to interact between scientists and society for mutual understanding and co-evolution. Most of all, the digital water globe will exploit the potential of an innovative digital arena for IAHS-community building, data/knowledge exchange and science communication in action.
This presentation will demonstrate the first version of the technical platform, its functionality and content, answering the why, what and how questions, deliberating the workplan and open for feedback from the community. The technical tool will also be displayed in the posters session for dialogues between developers and scientists throughout the assembly in Montpellier. The community engagement will decide if the tool may be a success.

The digital platform gives the opportunity to address all the initial requests to some extent:

Graphic display of hydrological case studies from each continent, with community input.

Overview of ongoing hydrological activities and scientific achievements.

Opportunity for data sharing.

Ability to link groups and foster scientific collaboration.

Internal community building within and between IAHS Commissions and Working Groups.

Engagement of and with partners, stakeholders and citizens.

Framework for displaying and linking projects involved in the Panta Rhei and Unsolved Problems in Hydrology (UPH) initiatives.

Evolution and innovation over time to provide an on-going platform and archive.
Spatiotemporal evolution of forest cover and of historical climate data: a case study in the Mediterranean basin 
Authors: Cipolla Sara Simona , Montaldo Nicola
Published: September 2022

A consequence of climate change, less investigated from the hydrological point of view, is the alteration of the frequency and intensity of forest disturbances that can reduce forest productivity, change the distribution of tree species, and shift their range and density. Based on this, this study evaluates the ability of remnants of native forests to resist or adapt to a changing climate. The case study is the island of Sardinia, located within the Mediterranean basin. Sardinia covers a latitudinal gradient of 300 km; and it is one of the least populated and the most forested regions in Italy. It is considered one of the most important biodiversity reservoirs inside the Mediterranean hotspot. From one hand Sardinia is experiencing a decreasing pressure on forests due to human factors, from the other, some studies demonstrate that winter precipitation and runoff are decreasing alarmingly, and this can have an impact on forests. Based on the above, this study aims, through the analysis of 20 years of satellite images (MOD44B), to evaluate forest cover changes and to detect any possible relationship with some of the most important climate variables such as precipitation (96 years daily data), air temperature and vapor pressure deficit (40 years of data). Results indicate that in the last 40 years Sardinia has experienced a simultaneous increase in air temperatures (0.026 °C*y-1) and VPD (0.001 kPa*y-1) combined with reductions in both total precipitation (-14.03 mm*y-1) and winter precipitation (-12.09 mm*y-1), and that the areas with a mean annual precipitation lower than 700 mm went from the 26% in the period 1922-1979, to 63% during 1980-2018, and in effect 1980 was detect as changing point for annual precipitation. These climatic variations have led to an important reduction of the tree cover in some historical forests of Sardinia, and in the broad-leaved ones particularly. The reduction in TC shows a positive correlation with mean annual precipitation (ρ= 0.66) and altitude (0.72), while negative correlations were detected with temperature (ρ= -0.57) and VPD (ρ= -0.48). Results highlight that forests are adapting to climate change, and this may have an impact on local water resources.