bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Supplement Consumption and Facial Care Products on Acne Vulgaris: A Cross-Sectional Study Among Medical Students
Authors: Aras Dara Ugi , Wahyuni St. Nurul Rezki , Adam Adriyanti , Arif Sitti Musafirah , Viviani L.
Published: February 2025

Introduction. Signs of acne vulgaris, a condition of widespread inflammation in pilosebaceous units, include blackheads, papules, pustules, and nodules. Acne vulgaris affects 85% of teenagers and young adults between the ages of 12 and 15. Acne vulgaris is primarily caused by hyperkeratinization of the pilosebaceous ducts, inflammation, mycobacterial infection, and excessive sebum production. The term dysseborrhea refers to the changes in sebum levels that happen during puberty, both in terms of quantity and quality. Apart from exogenous factors such as cosmetics and comedogenic medications, endogenous elements such as hormones and genetics can also contribute to the issue. The aim of this study is to investigate the relationship between the use of face care products and supplementation and the incidence of acne vulgaris in medical students at the University of Muhammadiyah Makassar (Unismuh). Methods. For the study, a cross-sectional technique was used. The sample method used is simple random sampling. A sixteen-item questionnaire was used to gather data, which the Chi-Square test was then used to analyze. Results. The analysis yielded two significant results, a value of p=0.552 (p>0.05) showed no significant correlation between the incidence of acne vulgaris and the use of face products, and a value of p=0.132 (p>0.05) showed no significant correlation between the incidence of acne vulgaris and consumption of supplements. Conclusion. There is no correlation between consuming vitamins and using face care products to stop pupils from getting acne vulgaris.
Securing the Generative Frontier: A Systematic Analysis of Training Data Poisoning and Prompt Engineering Vulnerabilities in Large Language Models
Authors: Manojava Bharadwaj Bhagavathula
Published: February 2025

The rapid advancement and widespread adoption of generative AI technologies have introduced unprecedented cybersecurity challenges in data management and system security. This article presents a comprehensive analysis of security vulnerabilities in generative AI systems, with particular emphasis on training data poisoning attacks and prompt engineering exploits. Through systematic investigation of current security frameworks and emerging threat vectors, this article identifies critical vulnerabilities in training data management processes. It examines potential information leakage mechanisms in large language models. The article employs a multi-layered analytical approach to evaluate both intentional and unintentional security risks, ranging from malicious data manipulation to inadvertent exposure of sensitive information through model responses. Additionally, the article proposes a novel framework for threat detection and mitigation, incorporating adaptive security protocols and robust validation mechanisms for prompt engineering. The findings contribute to the growing cybersecurity literature by providing actionable insights for organizations implementing generative AI systems while establishing a foundation for future research in AI security standardization and self-healing machine learning models.
Comprehensive Digital Transformation in Retail: An Enterprise Resource Planning and Advanced Technology Integration Framework
Authors: Vaishnav Yerram
Published: February 2025

This article explores the comprehensive transformation of retail operations through Enterprise Resource Planning (ERP) systems and advanced digital technologies. The article examines the evolution of retail management systems across multiple dimensions, including financial intelligence, inventory management, customer experience, and data security. It analyzes how modern retail environments leverage sophisticated technologies such as LPWAN, artificial intelligence, and machine learning to create seamless integration between physical and digital channels. The article investigates the implementation of intelligent document recognition systems, automated financial processes, and advanced analytics capabilities that enhance decision-making accuracy and operational efficiency. Furthermore, it explores how unified customer data integration and behavioral analysis enable retailers to deliver personalized experiences while maintaining robust security measures. The article also delves into the transformation of warehouse operations through automation technologies and the integration of e-commerce platforms, highlighting how these advancements contribute to improved order fulfillment and inventory optimization. The article emphasizes the importance of future-ready implementation strategies and emerging trends in retail technology.
Pengaruh Corporate Governance, Intellectual Capital, dan Arus Kas Operasi Terhadap Financial Distress
Authors: Nugraha Muhammad Rizky , Sundarta Muhammad Imam , Hurriyaturrohman Hurriyaturrohman
Published: February 2025

Salah satu aspek penting dalam manajemen bisnis adalah kemampuan mengelola risiko keuangan, terutama yang berkaitan dengan kemungkinan kebangkrutan. Beberapa faktor penting yang dapat menyebabkan perusahaan mengalami masalah keuangan termasuk tata kelola perusahaan yang buruk, pendapatan tidak memenuhi target, arus kas yang buruk, seringnya pergantian karyawan dan pengeluaran yang melebihi anggaran. Ada sejumlah unsur yang dianggap dapat memengaruhi atau menyebabkan perusahaan mengalami masalah keuangan seperti kepemilikan institusional, komisaris independen, dan gender diversity, intellectual capital dan arus kas operasi, karena financial distress berkaitan tentang kualitas manajemen dan kinerjanya untuk menjalankan perusahaan. Tujuan dalam penelitian ini guna meninjau kaitan antara tata kelola dan kesanggupan manajemen untuk menjalankan perusahaan, termasuk mengelola arus kas operasi dan intellectual capital, terhadap financial distress yang dihitung memakai rumus Altman Z Score. Metode purposive sampling dipakai dalam memilah 67 populasi dari sektor konstruksi yang tercatat di Bursa Efek Indonesia dari tahun 2020–2022, sehingga menghasilkan 57 sampel. Analisis data dengan analisis regresi linear berganda di software SPSS. Metode analisis data yaitu analisis statistik deskriptif, uji asumsi klasik, dan uji hipotesis. Temuan memperlihatkan bahwa ketika variabel independen diuji secara parsial, variabel independen yang mencakup kepemilikan institusional, komisaris independen, gender diversity, dan intellectual capital tidak mempengaruhi variabel dependen. Sementara itu, variabel independen arus kas operasi mempengaruhi financial distress. Pengujian secara bersamaan, variabel independen mempengaruhi variabel dependen
Pengaruh Leverage, Profitabilitas, dan Ukuran Perusahaan terhadap Carbon Emission Disclosure pada Perusahaan Pertambangan di BEI Tahun 2019-2023
Authors: Nawangsih Nenden Indah , Ridwansyah Eksa , Anggraini Depita
Published: February 2025

This research is motivated by increasing global warming due to high levels of greenhouse gases, some of which are produced from company operational activities. This research aims to obtain empirical evidence regarding the influence of leverage, profitability and company size on carbon emissions disclosure in mining sector companies. The research population consisted of 48 companies. The sample was selected using a purposive sampling method and obtained 10 companies which were observed for 5 years, so that the total data tested was 50 data. The data analysis methods used in this research include descriptive statistical analysis, classical assumption testing, multiple linear regression and hypothesis testing where data processing is assisted using SPSS 26 software. The results of this research prove that there is a positive influence between company size on carbon emissions disclosure. Meanwhile, leverage and profitability have no influence on carbon emissions disclosure. The implications of the results of this research indicate that company size can be a determining factor for companies to disclose their carbon emissions, so it is important for the government to consider policies that encourage transparency in environmental disclosure, especially for small and medium companies.
Analisis Peningkatan Kinerja Pegawai Melalui Pengembangan Karir, Kompensasi, dan Motivasi
Authors: Ayuwangi Vanisa Artha , Tahwin Muhammad
Published: February 2025

A government agency's HR department plays a crucial role in accomplishing its goals and objectives. Career growth, pay, and motivation are all ways to improve employee performance. This study aims to ascertain how employee performance is affected by career growth, pay, and motivation. This study was carried out at the Rembang Regency Regional Personnel Agency, which employs 48 people. Every member of the population was used in the sampling process (saturated sample). Multiple linear regression analysis was used to handle and examine the acquired data. According to the study's findings, performance is positively impacted by motivational factors but is negligibly impacted by career development and remuneration factors. Only 63.3% of the performance variable can be explained by this research model; the remaining portion is due to additional factors that are not covered in this model. These findings provide attention for related parties in terms of management to integrate career development programs with work-based compensation programs to create a reward system that can encourage performance results.
Pengaruh promosi yang dimediasi harga terhadap keputusan pembelian sopel grand wisata bekasi
Authors: Syahyono Syahyono , Nazir Ahmad Maulvi , Hermawan Reza , Fitri Anggraeni Anggita , Dwi Anggraini Elfira
Published: February 2025

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menguji dampak harga dan promosi terhadap keputusan pembelian sopel (barang sejenis, misalnya otak-otak). Harga dan promosi telah diidentifikasi sebagai dua komponen penting dari strategi pemasaran yang dapat memengaruhi perilaku konsumen dalam membuat keputusan pembelian. Metodologi penelitian yang digunakan adalah kuantitatif, dengan menggunakan teknik survei. Kuesioner yang dirancang dengan cermat disebarkan ke sekelompok peserta terpilih yang sebelumnya telah membeli sampel. Temuan penelitian menunjukkan dampak substansial harga terhadap keputusan konsumen mengenai pembelian konsumen. Konsumen telah diamati untuk mengevaluasi kesesuaian antara harga suatu produk dan manfaat yang diterima. Selain itu, penelitian ini menggarisbawahi dampak positif substansial dari kegiatan promosi, seperti diskon, iklan, dan inisiatif loyalitas pelanggan, terhadap keputusan pembelian konsumen. Temuan ini menggarisbawahi peran penting
Pengaruh Pelatihan, Kompetensi, dan Penempatan Tenaga Pendidik Terhadap Kinerja Melalui Komitmen Organisasi di Institusi Pendidikan
Authors: Kurnia Rudy , Sutisna Nana
Published: February 2025

Analisis ini mengkaji bagaimana program pelatihan, tingkat kompetensi, dan sistem penempatan tenaga pendidik berkontribusi terhadap peningkatan kinerja mereka, dengan komitmen organisasi berperan sebagai variabel perantara dalam hubungan tersebut. di institusi pendidikan yang berada di bawah naungan Perkumpulan Boen Tek Bio. Pendekatan yang digunakan adalah kuantitatif dengan metode Structural Equation Modelling (SEM). Data dikumpulkan melalui kuesioner yang melibatkan 150 tenaga pendidik di Universitas Buddhi Dharma dan institusi terkait. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa pelatihan, kompetensi, dan penempatan tenaga pendidik memiliki pengaruh langsung dan tidak langsung terhadap kinerja tenaga pendidik melalui komitmen organisasi. Pelatihan yang efektif dapat meningkatkan kompetensi tenaga pendidik, yang selanjutnya berkontribusi pada peningkatan kinerja. Penempatan tenaga pendidik yang tepat juga berperan penting dalam meningkatkan kinerja mereka. Komitmen organisasi terbukti memainkan peran sebagai penguat dalam hubungan antara pelatihan, kompetensi, penempatan, dan kinerja. Secara keseluruhan, hasil penelitian ini memberikan wawasan strategis mengenai pentingnya pengoptimalan program pelatihan, pengembangan kompetensi, dan penempatan tenaga pendidik yang disertai dengan peningkatan komitmen organisasi untuk mencapai kinerja yang optimal. Temuan ini diharapkan menjadi panduan bagi manajemen institusi pendidikan dalam penyusunan kebijakan yang mendukung peningkatan kualitas tenaga pendidik dan kinerja pendidikan secara keseluruhan.
Diseñar desde la mirada del otro
Authors: Molina Ayala María Elena , Martínez Loera Ruth Verónica
Published: February 2025

Bajo la perspectiva de mirar al otro se desarrolla un ejercicio de análisis del contexto y, con ello, la comprensión de la realidad que vive un individuo en su entorno social. El otro es un término de los estudios sociales por medio del cual se destaca la forma en la que un profesionista observa un contexto social del cual no es parte. La idea del otro le permite adentrarse a la vida cotidiana y de ella conocer aspectos relacionados con la persona, la cultura, el espacio físico y material, así como la dinámica de vida. Este ejercicio académico basado en la exploración y el análisis sirve para reconocer habilidades de pensamiento y de toma de decisiones con las cuales el diseñador adopta una postura y plantea una serie de propuestas que ayuden a transformar el espacio estudiado.
Položaj glavnih ratarskih kultura u hrvatskom sjemenarstvu u kontekstu Europske unije od 2020. do 2023. godine
Authors: Jukić Goran , Mikrut Vunjak Sara , Delić Ivica
Published: February 2025

Stvaranje novih sorti, održavanje i proizvodnja sjemena na prostoru Europske unije ima dugu tradiciju te je zbog sigurnosti merkantilne proizvodnje, i u konačnici zbog prehrambene neovisnosti, od izuzetne važnosti za svaku državu članicu. Sjemenska se proizvodnja u svim državama članicama u odnosu na ukupne obradive površine odvija na relativno malim površinama. Od 2020. do 2023., od ukupno 157 400 000 ha sjemenska proizvodnja u Europskoj uniji odvijala se je u prosjeku na 2 009 076 ha (1,27 %), dok je Hrvatska svoju sjemensku proizvodnju u prosjeku obavljala na oko 20 499 ha (1,36 %), odnosno nešto više od prosjeka Europske unije. Prema ukupnoj sjemenskoj proizvodnji svih biljnih vrsta, Hrvatska se nalazi na osamnaestom mjestu u Europskoj uniji, međutim kod biljnih vrsta koja imaju razvijenu domaću selekciju nalazimo se u gornjem dijelu ljestvice zemalja članica Europske unije.
Politics of the Heart
Authors: Emmanuelle Berger Anne
Published: February 2025

The heart is not a political concept, and is hardly a philosophical one. Yet, Derrida invites us to think about the heart, or more exactly with and from the heart, when it comes to certain political questions. The heart, he says, is on the side of life. ‘My’ heart, he shows, is always the other(‘s), or rather, ‘my heart of the other’. When politics is a matter of ‘living together’, of the possibility or impossibility of doing so, as is the case in the so-called Israeli-Palestinian conflict, or when it's a question of life and death, as in the case of the state-administered death penalty, Derrida turns to the heart. This essay examines the stakes and modalities of doing and thinking politics with the heart (‘my heart of the other’) in/as mind.
DISTRIBUTION OF LOGISTICS ASSISTANCE FOR FLOOD VICTIMS IN PASANGKAYU REGENCY
Authors: Iryadi Firdhayanti , Ristiani Ida Yunari , Putri Nadya Anggara , Supriatna Agus
Published: February 2025

Disaster logistics assistance is an important element of disaster management efforts. Logistics distribution in disaster situations always faces complex challenges in distributing aid to victims affected by disasters. This research aims to provide an overview of how the distribution of logistical assistance to flood victims in Pasangkayu Regency and identify the inhibiting factors in the implementation of logistical assistance, and efforts that can be made by BPBD Pasangkayu Regency in overcoming these obstacles. This research uses a Qualitative Descriptive design with an Inductive approach. The data collection techniques used include observation, interviews, and documentation. The results showed that the logistics assistance distribution program had been carried out quite effectively, although there were still several factors that influenced the obstruction of the distribution, including limited human resources and lack of facilities and infrastructure in logistics distribution which resulted in not optimal distribution of logistics assistance in Pasangkayu Regency. The practical implication of this research is the importance of increasing the capacity of human resources, procuring adequate facilities and infrastructure, and better cross-sector coordination to ensure logistics distribution can run optimally and on time in emergency situations.
 
Keywords: Logistic Aid Distribution, Flood Disaster, Logistics Management
WHAT'S WRONG WITH THE LAW OF UNIVERSAL GRAVITATION? What should this law actually look like?
Authors: Kosinov Mykola
Published: February 2025

The evolution of the law of universal gravitation is shown from the verbal formula proposed by Newton in 1687 to the present day. The law discovered by Newton FN ∝ mM/r^2 was not the exact law of gravitation. Newton only indicated the proportional dependence of force on masses and did not attribute any numerical value to the gravitational force. In an unfinished form, Newton's law FN ∝ mM/r^2 existed for almost 200 years (!) until the constant G appeared in it. But even in its modern formulation, Newton's law F = GMm/r^2 gives only a part of the force of universal gravitation. Newton's law does not work at large distances. Newton's law is not applicable on the scale of the Universe. The formula for Newton's law shows the force of gravitational interaction of only two bodies out of all N bodies in the Universe. The formula for the law describes gravitation only to one local source of attraction and does not take into account that bodies simultaneously gravitate to all other bodies. For more than 300 years, it has not been possible to derive a formula for the law of gravitation that would describe the gravitation to all bodies in the Universe. An obstacle on this path is the unsolved gravitational problem of N bodies. Here we provide a solution to this problem. .
Maternal environmental enrichment affects the corpora lutea and progesterone levels in pregnant mice
Authors: De la Cruz Borthiry Fernanda Luz , Beltrame Jimena Soledad , Schander Julieta Aylen , Silva Aime Florencia , Parborell Fernanda , Franchi Ana María , Ribeiro María Laura
Published: February 2025

Introduction

Maternal lifestyle impacts reproductive performance. Previously, we demonstrated that maternal environmental enrichment promotes pregnancy success in BALB/c mice. As progesterone regulates gestation, we decided to study the effect of maternal environmental enrichment on ovarian physiology during early gestation.

Methods

For this, six-week-old female mice were housed in enriched or control cages for six weeks and then mated with control fertile males. Females with a mucus plug were returned to their respective control or enriched cages. Pregnant mice were euthanized on day 7 of pregnancy, and ovaries and progesterone levels were investigated.

Results

Hematoxylin and eosin slices showed no differences in the area (μm2) of the ovaries between control and enriched females. Also, the number of primordial, primary, preantral, antral, and atretic follicles was similar for both treatments. However, the number and area (μm2) of corpora lutea were increased in the ovaries from the enriched group. Moreover, enriched females presented higher progesterone serum levels and increased 3β-HSD expression.

Discussion

Therefore, maternal environmental enrichment regulates ovarian physiology, and this could promote the benefits previously reported.
The role of the interleukin family in liver fibrosis
Authors: Zhang Zixin , Wang Jiahui , Li Hui , Niu Qun , Tao Yujing , Zhao Xin , Zeng Zijian , Dong Haijian
Published: February 2025

Liver fibrosis represents a wound-healing response to chronic liver injury caused by viral infections, alcohol, and chemicals agents. It is a critical step in the progression from chronic liver disease to cirrhosis and hepatocellular carcinoma. No chemical or biological drugs have been approved for the treatment of liver fibrosis. Relevant studies have demonstrated that effective inhibition of hepatitis B virus (HBV) replication by nucleoside (acid) analogs or polyethylene glycol alpha-interferon can lead to recovery in some patients with hepatitis B liver fibrosis, However, some patients with liver fibrosis do not show improvement, even after achieving a complete serologic and virologic response. A similar situation occurs in patients with hepatitis C-related liver fibrosis. The liver, with its unique anatomical and immunological structure, is the largest immune organ and produces a large number of cytokines in response to external stimuli, which are crucial for the progression of liver fibrosis. cytokines can act either by directly affecting hepatic stellate cells (HSCs) or by indirectly regulating immune target cells. Among these, the interleukin family activates a complex cascade of responses, including cytokines, chemokines, adhesion molecules, and lipid mediators, playing a key role in the initiation and regulation of inflammation, as well as innate and adaptive immunity. In this paper, we systematically summarize recent literature to elucidate the pathogenesis of interleukin-mediated liver fibrosis and explore potential therapeutic targets for liver fibrosis treatment.
Contrast quality control for segmentation task based on deep learning models—Application to stroke lesion in CT imaging
Authors: Moreau Juliette , Mechtouff Laura , Rousseau David , Eker Omer Faruk , Berthezene Yves , Cho Tae-Hee , Frindel Carole
Published: February 2025

Introduction

Although medical imaging plays a crucial role in stroke management, machine learning (ML) has been increasingly used in this field, particularly in lesion segmentation. Despite advances in acquisition technologies and segmentation architectures, one of the main challenges of subacute stroke lesion segmentation in computed tomography (CT) imaging is image contrast.

Methods

To address this issue, we propose a method to assess the contrast quality of an image dataset with a ML trained model for segmentation. This method identifies the critical contrast level below which the medical-imaging model fails to learn meaningful content from images. Contrast measurement relies on the Fisher's ratio, estimating how well the stroke lesion is contrasted from the background. The critical contrast is found-thanks to the following three methods: Performance, graphical, and clustering analysis. Defining this threshold improves dataset design and accelerates training by excluding low-contrast images.

Results

Application of this method to brain lesion segmentation in CT imaging highlights a Fisher's ratio threshold value of 0.05, and training validation of a new model without these images confirms this with similar results with only 60% of the training data, resulting in an almost 30% reduction in initial training time. Moreover, the model trained without the low-contrast images performed equally well with all images when tested on another database.

Discussion

This study opens discussion with clinicians concerning the limitations, areas for improvement, and strategies for enhancing datasets and training models. While the methodology was only applied to stroke lesion segmentation in CT images, it has the potential to be adapted to other tasks.
Assessment of adherence to dietary recommendations and associated factors among type 2 diabetic patients in selected hospitals in Addis Ababa, Ethiopia
Authors: Atinafu Wabi Temesgen , Tilahun Kefyalew Naniye
Published: February 2025

Background

In Ethiopia, diabetes and its complications are significant causes of morbidity and mortality, with huge economic implications. Despite the high dietary non-adherence that has been reported in limited studies in Ethiopia. Moreover, there is a gap from the perspective of patients in the area of this topic.

Objectives

This study aimed to assess adherence to dietary recommendations and associated factors among type 2 diabetic patients in Addis Ababa Selected Hospitals, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia, 2024.

Methods and materials

An institution-based cross-sectional study was conducted in a 420 sampled population among four hospitals found in Addis Ababa, Ethiopia, from 24 June to 15 July 2024. Systematic random sampling was used to recruit individual study participants. The collected data were exported into SPSS version 25 software for analysis. A descriptive summary, including frequencies, percentages, and graphs, was used to present the study results. Binary logistic regression was used for statistical analysis. Finally, the results of bivariate and multivariable logistic regression analyses were presented using odds ratios with 95% confidence intervals. In the final model, a p-value of <0.05 was taken as statistically significant.

Results

A total of 406 participants were included, with a response rate of 96.7%. The study participants had an average age of 48 (± 11.4 years), and the overall adherence to dietary recommendations in this study was 62.8% among type 2 diabetic patients. Years of diagnosis of DM, having a family history of DM, having comorbidities, and having received diabetic nutrition education were significantly associated with adhering to diabetic dietary recommendations among type 2 diabetic patients.

Conclusion and recommendation

The study found that overall adherence to dietary recommendations among type 2 diabetic patients was relatively high at 62.8%, suggesting the need to develop and implement tailored dietary education and counseling programs for this patient population.
Exosome-like nanovesicles derived from kale juice enhance collagen production by downregulating Smad7 in human skin fibroblasts
Authors: Hsu Peihan , Kamijyo Yuriko , Koike Emiri , Ichikawa Saki , Zheng Yifeng , Ohno Tomohiro , Katayama Shigeru
Published: February 2025

Plant-derived exosome-like nanovesicles (ELNs) are critical mediators of cross-kingdom communication, modulating gene expression in animal cells despite their plant origin. In this study, we investigated the effects of glucoraphanin-enriched kale (GEK)-derived ELNs (GELNs) on collagen production in normal human dermal fibroblasts NB1RGB. The ELNs isolated from GEK juice powder had particle sizes similar to those of typical exosomes. GELNs increased type I collagen expression in NB1RGB cells significantly. Microarray analysis demonstrated that GELN-derived total RNA upregulated the expression of genes related to extracellular matrix formation, including those involved in collagen synthesis. Further investigation revealed that microRNA-enriched fraction of GELNs promoted collagen production by inhibiting the expression of Smad7. These findings suggest that GELNs and their microRNA content enhance collagen production through the downregulation of Smad7.
Griffiths Scales of Child Development 3rd Edition: normalization for the Brazilian population
Authors: Ferreira-Vasques Amanda Tragueta , da Rocha Eduardo Pimentel , Green Elizabeth , Lamônica Dionísia Aparecida Cusin
Published: February 2025

Introduction

Child development must be carefully evaluated, requiring assessment instruments to assess different areas of development. Griffiths Scales of Child Development 3rd Edition (Griffiths III) is used to assess different areas of development in children. This study normalized Griffiths III for the Brazilian population from 0 to 72 months.

Methods

445 typically developing children from 0 to 72 months, divided into eight groups (from 0 to 6 months; 7 to 12 months; 13 to 18 months; 19 to 24 months; 25 to 36 months; 37 to 48 months; 49 to 60 months; 61 to 72 months) participated. Their tutors answered the anamnesis protocol. Denver II Developmental Screening Test and Griffiths III were applied. Statistical analysis was performed using the Mann–Whitney Test and Spearman's rank correlation coefficient. Normalization followed the criteria of the original scale.

Results

There was a direct and statistically significant correlation between maternal schooling and socioeconomic status; a direct correlation in the performance between the subscales. The normalization table of Griffiths III with the developmental age of children from 0 to 72 months was elaborated through linear progression, calculated using a specific formula.

Discussion

The data collected for the Brazilian population from 0 to 72 months were normalized, following the guidelines and norms of the original Griffiths III.
Monoclonal Antibodies in Prevention and Early Treatment of COVID-19 in Lung Transplant Recipients: A Systematic Review and Perspective on the Role of Monoclonal Antibodies in the Future
Authors: Van Eijndhoven David A. , Vos Robin , Bos Saskia
Published: February 2025

Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) has significantly impacted lung transplant recipients (LTR), who remain vulnerable to severe COVID-19 despite vaccination, prompting the use of monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) as a treatment option. This systematic review summarizes the clinical efficacy of mAbs against COVID-19 in adult LTR and provides a perspective on the role of mAbs for infectious diseases in the future. A systematic search of PubMed/MEDLINE, Embase and Cochrane was conducted for studies reporting clinical outcomes of adult LTR or solid organ transplant recipients (SOTR) including LTR with drug-specific outcomes. Twelve studies were included. Pre-exposure prophylaxis with mAbs reduced COVID-19 breakthrough infection in LTR. Early treatment of COVID-19 with mAbs correlated with a reduced incidence of severe COVID-19 outcomes, although statistical significance varied among studies. Overall, observational studies have demonstrated a potential benefit of mAbs in the treatment of COVID-19 in LTR, both in prophylaxis and early treatment, as well as the importance of early administration. Moreover, mAb therapy appeared safe and could be a viable option against other pathogens, a route that warrants further investigation.

Systematic Review Registration

https://www.crd.york.ac.uk/prospero/display_record.php?RecordID=382133, identifier CRD42022382133.
Overcoming Barriers to the Adoption of Decision Support Systems in Integrated Pest Management in Some European Countries
Authors: Marinko Jurij , Kuzmanovski Vladimir , Ramsden Mark , Debeljak Marko
Published: February 2025

Decision support systems (DSSs) can improve decision making in integrated pest management (IPM), but are still underutilised despite proven environmental and economic benefits. To overcome the barriers to DSS adoption, this study analyses survey data from 31 farmers and 94 farm advisors, researchers and developers across 11 European countries. Using machine learning techniques, respondents were first categorised into clusters based on their responses to the questionnaire. The clusters were then explained using classification trees. For each cluster, customised approaches were proposed to overcome the barriers to DSS adoption. For farmers, these include building trust through co-development, offering free trials, organising practical workshops and providing clear instructions for use. For farm advisors and researchers, involvement in the development of DSS and giving them access to information about the characteristics of the DSS is crucial. IPM DSS developers should focus on 14 key recommendations to improve trust and the ease of use, increase the transparency of DSS descriptions and validation, and extend development to underserved sectors such as viticulture and vegetable farming. These recommendations aim to increase the uptake of DSSs to ultimately improve the implementation of IPM practises and help reduce the risk and use of pesticides across Europe despite the ever-growing challenges in agriculture.
The Effect of Silicon–Melatonin Nanoparticles on Improving Germination Parameters and Reducing Salinity Toxicity by Maintaining Ion Homeostasis in Cyamopsis tetragonoloba L. Seedlings
Authors: Alinia Mozhgan , Kazemeini Seyed Abdolreza , Sabbaghi Samad , Sayahi Shima , Abolghasemi Alireza , Asgari Lajayer Behnam
Published: February 2025

The salinity of water and soil is a constraint that has an extreme effect on germination and the establishment of crops. Therefore, it is pivotal to boost crop salt tolerance in global semi-arid regions. By mixing Si in an ME medium, a new complex of nanoparticles (Si-CTS-HPC-ME NPs) was synthesized, and we investigated the role of Si-CTS-HPC-ME NPs on Cyamopsis tetragonoloba germination and tolerance against salinity stress. Thus, this study examined the influence of Si-CTS-HPC-ME NPs at different concentrations (N1: 0, N2: 40 and N3: 80 mg L−1) on some germination and seedling growth parameters and the ion homeostasis of Cyamopsis tetragonoloba L. (cluster bean) seedlings under three salinity levels (S1: 0, S2: 6 and S3: 12 dS m−1). With increasing salinity, the energy of germination (GE), index of germination (GI), index of vitality (VI), seedling vigor index (SVI), fresh weight (SFW) and dry (SDW) weight of seedlings, plumule length (PL), and radicle length (RL) parameters gradually decreased, while the mean germination time (MGT) and coefficient of velocity of germination (CVG) increased in salt-stressed cluster bean seedlings in comparison to the control. However, the usage of Si-CTS-HPC-ME NPs was effective in enhancing cluster bean tolerance to salinity by enhancing total phenols and flavonoids and improving K+, Si, and Ca2+ uptake, thus reducing lipid peroxidation, decreasing sodium ion uptake and potassium leakage, and promoting germination parameters compared with non-NP-treated seedlings. Meanwhile, 40 mg L−1 Si-CTS-HPC-ME NPs exhibited an effective response in saline conditions compared with the other NP treatments. Consequently, the application of Si-CTS-HPC-ME NPs in salt-stressed cluster bean seedlings can serve as an effective technique to enhance salinity tolerance in saline conditions under arid and semi-arid climatic conditions.
Organic Manure Amendment Fortifies Soil Health by Enriching Beneficial Metabolites and Microorganisms and Suppressing Plant Pathogens
Authors: Wei Buqing , Bi Jingjing , Qian Xueyan , Peng Chang , Sun Miaomiao , Wang Enzhao , Liu Xingyan , Zeng Xian , Feng Huaqi , Song Alin , Fan Fenliang
Published: February 2025

Soil health reflects the sustained capacity of soil to function as a vital living ecosystem, ensuring support for all forms of life. The evaluation of soil health relies heavily on physicochemical indicators. However, it remains unclear whether and how microbial traits are related to soil health in soil with long-term organic manure amendment. This study aims to examine how detrimental and beneficial microbial traits change with soil health based on physicochemical indicators. This research measures the effects of 9-year manure supplementation on soil health using multiomics techniques. We found that, compared to 100% chemical fertilizers, the soil health index increased by 5.2%, 19.3%, and 72.6% with 25%, 50%, and 100% organic fertilizer amendments, respectively. Correspondingly, the abundance of beneficial microorganisms, including Actinomadura, Actinoplanes, Aeromicrobium, Agromyces, Azospira, Cryobacterium, Dactylosporangium, Devosia, Hyphomicrobium, Kribbella, and Lentzea, increased progressively, while the abundance of the pathogenic fungus Fusarium decreased with the organic manure application rate. In addition, the application of organic manure significantly increased the concentrations of soil metabolites, such as sugars (raffinose, trehalose, maltose, and maltotriose) and lithocholic acid, which promoted plant growth and soil aggregation. Moreover, the abundances of pathogens and beneficial microorganisms and the concentrations of beneficial soil metabolites were significantly correlated with the soil health index based on physicochemical indicators. We conclude that organic fertilizer can enhance soil health by promoting the increase in beneficial microorganisms while suppressing detrimental microorganisms, which can serve as potential indicators for assessing soil health. In agricultural production, substituting 25–50% of chemical fertilizers with organic fertilizers significantly helps improve soil health and promotes crop growth.
Optimizing Unmanned Aerial Vehicle Operational Parameters to Improve Pest Control Efficacy and Decrease Pesticide Dosage in Tea Gardens
Authors: Wu Mengtao , Li Zhaoqun , Yang Yuzhou , Meng Xiangfei , Luo Zongxiu , Bian Lei , Xiu Chunli , Fu Nanxia , Chen Zongmao , Wang Guochang , Cai Xiaoming
Published: February 2025

Labor shortages in the Chinese tea industry have accelerated the need for crop protection unmanned aerial vehicles (CP-UAVs), which can greatly improve working efficiency. However, CP-UAV operational parameters must be optimized for effective pest control. In this study, the spraying performance of two CP-UAVs (DJI T30 and T40) under different operational parameters were compared in tea gardens. Additionally, the utility of CP-UAVs for controlling tea leafhoppers was investigated. Droplet coverage and size increased as the spray volume increased for both T30 (from 30 L·ha−1 to 90 L·ha−1) and T40 (from 60 L·ha−1 to 150 L·ha−1). Under the same operational parameters, spray deposition at the surface and inner part of the tea canopy was 1.4- and 2.9 times higher, respectively, for T40 than for T30. For T40, droplet penetrability increased significantly following decreases in working height (from 5 to 2 m) and driving speed (from 5 to 3 m·s−1). The spray performance and control effect of T40 were significantly greater under optimal operational parameters (driving speed of 3 m·s−1, working height of 2.5 m, and spray volume of 120 L·ha−1) than under conventional application parameters (driving speed of 5 m·s−1, working height of 4.5 m, and spray volume of 45 L·ha−1). Using T40 under the optimal operational parameters decreased the amount of pesticide required to control tea leafhoppers by 25%, relative to the amount required for traditional knapsack sprayers. Furthermore, pesticide residue levels were similar for T40 and the knapsack sprayer. These findings provide valuable insights into the application of CP-UAVs in tea gardens, which may be important for further developing a modern, intensive, and sustainable tea industry.
Characterizing Optimum N Rate in Waterlogged Maize (Zea mays L.) with Unmanned Aerial Vehicle (UAV) Remote Sensing
Authors: Acharya Bhawana , Dodla Syam , Tubana Brenda , Gentimis Thanos , Rontani Fagner , Adhikari Rejina , Duron Dulis , Bortolon Giulia , Setiyono Tri
Published: February 2025

High soil moisture due to frequent excessive precipitation can lead to reductions in maize grain yields and increased nitrogen (N) loss. The traditional methods of computing N status in crops are destructive and time-consuming, especially in waterlogged fields. Therefore, in this study, we used unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) remote sensing to evaluate the status of maize under different N rates and excessive soil moisture conditions. The experiment was performed using a split plot design with four replications, with soil moisture conditions as main plots and different N rates as sub-plots. The artificial intelligence SciPy (version 1.5.2) optimization algorithm and spherical function were used to estimate the economically optimum N rate under the different treatments. The computed EONR for CRS 2022 was 157 kg N ha−1 for both treatments, with the maximum net return to N of USD 1203 ha−1. In 2023, the analysis suggested a lower maximum attainable yield in excessive water conditions, with EONR pushed up to 197 kg N ha−1 as compared to 185 kg N ha−1 in the control treatment, resulting in a lower maximum net return to N of USD 884 ha−1 as compared to USD 1019 ha−1 in the control treatment. This study reveals a slight reduction of the fraction of NDRE at EONR to maximum NDRE under excessive water conditions, highlighting the need for addressing such abiotic stress circumstances when arriving at an N rate recommendation based on an N-rich strip concept. This study confirms the importance of sensing technology for N monitoring in maize, particularly in supporting decision making in nutrient management under adverse weather conditions.
Multiple Pseudo-Placentational Endometrial Hyperplasia (PEH) as a Rare Uterine Disorder in the Bitch
Authors: Łobaczewski Andrzej , Sapierzyński Rafał , Giziński Sławomir , Kautz-Wasilewska Ewa , Jaśkiewicz Anna , Szaluś-Jordanow Olga , Nowek Zofia , Moroz-Fik Agata , Grzegorczyk Michał , Frymus Tadeusz
Published: February 2025

The reproductive cycle in domestic dogs involves prolonged phases of hormonal activity, making the endometrial tissue vulnerable to degenerative changes. One common result of these changes is cystic endometrial hyperplasia (CEH), which often leads to pyometra. Another, though rarer, condition is pseudo-placentational endometrial hyperplasia (PEH), characterized by abnormal proliferation of the endometrial glands and stroma, forming placental-like structures without the presence of pregnancy. Case presentation: An 8-year-old female Golden Retriever, healthy and intact, was presented for a routine ultrasound examination to confirm pregnancy after natural breeding 25 days earlier. Two previous pregnancies of this bitch have resulted in small but live litters. The ultrasound examination revealed multiple bilateral thickenings of the uterine horns, with ampullary-shaped enlargements measuring approximately 2.5 × 3.0 cm 25 days after breeding. The endometrium was conspicuously thickened, hypoechogenic, and either homogeneous or with scattered hyperechoic markings and faint striations. The mucosal surface ranged from regular to slightly irregular, and a small amount of hyperechoic condensed fluid was present in the lumen of the horns. No embryos were observed. Based on these findings, two primary diagnoses were considered: PEH or embryonic resorption sites, with a possible segmental uterine inflammation. A diagnosis suggestive of PEH was established through histopathological examination of the uterus after ovariohysterectomy, supported by consistent ultrasound findings that showed no progression or changes over time.
The Effect of Triploidy on Gonadal Development, Hematology and Biochemistry in the European Grayling (Thymallus thymallus)
Authors: Rożyński Rafał , Dobosz Stefan , Rożyński Maciej , Ocalewicz Konrad
Published: February 2025

Sterile triploid European graylings (Thymallus thymallus) could serve as an alternative to allochthonous stocking, potentially protecting native populations from genetic introgression. In this study, two-year-old triploid and diploid graylings were examined to assess their hematological and biochemical characteristics and to evaluate the development of their gonads. When compared to diploids, triploids exhibited elevated white blood cell counts, mean corpuscular hemoglobin (MCH) and mean corpuscular hemoglobin concentration (MCHC) by 5.66%, 162.68% and 207.57%, respectively. Moreover, the diameters of red blood cells and their nuclei were significantly higher in triploid graylings. In contrast, the red blood cell count, hemoglobin concentration (Hb), hematocrit and mean corpuscular volume (MCV) were lower in triploids by 64.82%, 5.80%, 70.16% and 14.49%, respectively. Most blood plasma biochemical indices showed no significant differences between specimens of different ploidies; however, triploids had a 21.96% higher level of triglycerides, while diploids had 3.74% more albumin. Additionally, the chloride concentration was 4.74% lower in triploids. Examined diploid males exhibited well-developed, sometimes asymmetrical testes and were actively spermiating. Triploid males were non-spermiating, and their testes were solid with varying morphology. Ovaries in diploid females contained mature oocytes, and in about 30% of the females, the body cavities were filled with ovulated eggs. In turn, the ovaries in triploid females were significantly reduced, usually transparent and lacked any oocytes. However, a longer study over a period exceeding two years needs to be performed to state unequivocally that triploid grayling females are sterile.
The Surface Proteome of Bovine Unsexed and Sexed Spermatozoa
Authors: Pinto-Pinho Patrícia , Quelhas Joana , Impens Francis , Dufour Sara , Van Haver Delphi , Lopes Graça , Rocha António , Pinto-Leite Rosário , Fardilha Margarida , Colaço Bruno
Published: February 2025

Current sperm sexing methods are costly and largely restricted to cattle, while immunological techniques targeting sex-specific membrane proteins may offer more economical alternatives. To advance these methods, understanding the proteomic differences between the cell membranes of X- and Y-chromosome-bearing spermatozoa is essential. This study aimed to characterize the cell surface proteome of bovine sperm and identify potential targets for sperm sexing through LC-MS/MS analysis. Cell surface protein lysates were extracted from unsexed, X-sperm (BX), and Y-sperm (BY) samples via biotinylation. Promising targets were identified through functional annotation (UniProt, eggNOG-mapper v.2.1.7) and topology prediction (DeepTMHMM v.1.0.13). Additionally, statistical overrepresentation (PANTHER 18.0) and orthology analyses were performed. Excluding contaminants, 130 proteins were detected, of which 64 proteins were detected in the BX samples and not in the BY samples. Of these, five transmembrane proteins stood out as potential X-sperm targets (ADAM2, ATP11C, DG1, MCT1, and PMCA4). They were identified as potential cell surface targets, based on GO terms and topology predictions, detected in at least two replicates of the BX samples, and shown to share orthology with other livestock species. These findings enhance our understanding of bovine sperm proteomics; however, further validation is required to confirm the utility of these five proteins in sperm sexing technologies.
Abattoir Countrywide Survey of Dairy Small Ruminants’ Haemonchosis in Greece and Associated Risk Factors
Authors: Arsenopoulos Konstantinos V. , Gelasakis Athanasios I. , Papadopoulos Elias
Published: February 2025

Objectives: The objectives of this study were to (i) determine the prevalence of Haemonchus contortus infections in dairy sheep and goats in continental and insular Greece, based on an abattoir survey, and (ii) to evaluate potential host-related risk factors including the age and sex, as well as the altitude, the management system, the co-existence of goats and sheep, the season, and the anthelmintic treatment, on the occurrence of haemonchosis. Methods: In total, 1004 abomasa of small ruminants were examined to evaluate the prevalence of Haemonchus spp. Moreover, a structured questionnaire was used to obtain relevant information regarding animal and farm characteristics. Haemonchus-like helminths were collected from the abomasa and used for the molecular species identification; a fragment of 321 base pairs of the internal transcribed spacer 2 sequence of nuclear DNA was amplified. Results: The prevalence of mono-species H. contortus infection of small ruminants was 37.2%. For sheep, a multivariable analysis revealed the anthelmintic treatment (treatment with pro/benzimidazoles), the age (lambs under 2 months old), and the management system (intensive management system) as significant factors for preventing H. contortus infection. Likewise, the management system (intensive management system), the anthelmintic treatment (treatment with macrocyclic lactones and their combination with pro/benzimidazoles), the altitude of the farms (farms located over 300 m above sea level), and the season (spring and summer) were significant risk factors in preventing H. contortus infection in goats. Conclusion: These findings emphasize the urgent need for targeted management practices and region-specific veterinary protocols to effectively reduce parasitic burdens.