bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
A Hierarchical Nano to Micro Scale Modelling of 3D Printed Nano-Reinforced Polylactic Acid: Micropolar Modelling and Molecular Dynamics Simulation
Authors: Rezaei AbdolMajid , Izadi Razie , Fantuzzi Nicholas
Published: June 2024

Fused deposition modelling (FDM) is an additive manufacturing technique widely used for rapid prototyping. This method facilitates the creation of parts with intricate geometries, making it suitable for advanced applications in fields such as tissue engineering, aerospace, and electronics. Despite its advantages, FDM often results in the formation of voids between the deposited filaments, which can compromise mechanical properties. However, in some cases, such as the design of scaffolds for bone regeneration, increased porosity can be advantageous as it allows for better permeability. On the other hand, the introduction of nano-additives into the FDM material enhances design flexibility and can significantly improve the mechanical properties. Therefore, modelling FDM-produced components involves complexities at two different scales: nanoscales and microscales. Material deformation is primarily influenced by atomic-scale phenomena, especially with nanoscopic constituents, whereas the distribution of nano-reinforcements and FDM-induced heterogeneities lies at the microscale. This work presents multiscale modelling that bridges the nano and microscales to predict the mechanical properties of FDM-manufactured components. At the nanoscale, molecular dynamic simulations unravel the atomistic intricacies that dictate the behaviour of the base material containing nanoscopic reinforcements. Simulations are conducted on polylactic acid (PLA) and PLA reinforced with silver nanoparticles, with the properties derived from MD simulations transferred to the microscale model. At the microscale, non-classical micropolar theory is utilised, which can account for materials’ heterogeneity through internal scale parameters while avoiding direct discretization. The developed mechanical model offers a comprehensive framework for designing 3D-printed PLA nanocomposites with tailored mechanical properties.
Quantum Graphene Asymmetric Devices for Harvesting Electromagnetic Energy
Authors: Dragoman Mircea , Dinescu Adrian , Aldrigo Martino , Dragoman Daniela
Published: June 2024

We present here the fabrication at the wafer level and the electrical performance of two types of graphene diodes: ballistic trapezoidal-shaped graphene diodes and lateral tunneling graphene diodes. In the case of the ballistic trapezoidal-shaped graphene diode, we observe a large DC current of 200 µA at a DC bias voltage of ±2 V and a large voltage responsivity of 2000 v/w, while in the case of the lateral tunneling graphene diodes, we obtain a DC current of 1.5 mA at a DC bias voltage of ±2 V, with a voltage responsivity of 3000 v/w. An extended analysis of the defects produced during the fabrication process and their influences on the graphene diode performance is also presented.
The Effect of Repetitive Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation on Cognition in Diffuse Axonal Injury in a Rat Model
Authors: Kim Hyeong-Min , Jo Hyun-Seok , Kim Eun-Jong , Na Ji-Min , Park Hyeng-Kyu , Han Jae-Young , Kim Ki-Hong , Choi Insung , Song Min-Keun
Published: June 2024

Diffuse axonal injury (DAI) following sudden acceleration and deceleration can lead to cognitive function decline. Various treatments have been proposed. Repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS), a non-invasive stimulation technique, is a potential treatment for enhancing neuroplasticity in cases of brain injury. The therapeutic efficacy of rTMS on cognitive function remains unconfirmed. This study investigated the effects of rTMS and the underlying molecular biomechanisms using a rat model of DAI. Sprague–Dawley rats (n = 18) were randomly divided into two groups: one receiving rTMS after DAI and the other without brain stimulation. All rats were subjected to sudden acceleration and deceleration using a DAI modeling machine to induce damage. MRI was performed to confirm the DAI lesion. The experimental group received rTMS at a frequency of 1 Hz over the frontal cortex for 10 min daily for five days. To assess spatial memory, we conducted the Morris water maze (MWM) test one day post-brain damage and one day after the five-day intervention. A video tracking system recorded the escape latency. After post-MWM tests, all rats were euthanized, and their brain tissues, particularly from the hippocampus, were collected for immunohistochemistry and western blot analyses. The escape latency showed no difference on the MWM test after DAI, but a significant difference was observed after rTMS between the two groups. Immunohistochemistry and western blot analyses indicated increased expression of BDNF, VEGF, and MAP2 in the hippocampal brain tissue of the DAI-T group. In conclusion, rTMS improved cognitive function in the DAI rat model. The increased expression of BDNF, VEGF, and MAP2 in the DAI-T group supports the potential use of rTMS in treating cognitive impairments associated with DAI.
Increasing Wheat Protein and Yield through Sulfur Fertilization and Its Relationship with Nitrogen
Authors: Roa Gustavo A. , Quintana-Obregón Eber Addí , González-Renteria Mariela , Ruiz Diaz Dorivar A.
Published: June 2024

Sulfur fertilization plays a crucial role in wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) production, influencing both protein concentration and grain yield. Wheat, being one of the most important food crops globally, requires efficient management of essential nutrients, including sulfur and nitrogen, to achieve optimal production. This study aimed to quantify the effect of sulfur fertilization on wheat protein concentration and grain yield and the relationship with nitrogen through two complementary methods: a comprehensive meta-analysis and a controlled greenhouse experiment. The meta-analysis, encompassing 55 studies from 20 countries with 545 comparisons, quantified the overall response of wheat to sulfur fertilization in diverse field environments, examining the effects based on soil texture and organic matter content. The greenhouse study investigated the effects of varying sulfur application rates and sources on protein concentration and grain yield and analyzed the relationship between sulfur and nitrogen concentrations in the grain. The meta-analysis showed overall positive effects of sulfur application on both protein concentration (2.1%) and grain yield (4.2%), with the magnitude of these effects varying based on soil texture and organic matter content. Sandy soils and soils with low organic matter content exhibited the most pronounced responses to sulfur fertilization. The greenhouse experiment revealed responses of both protein concentration and grain yield to increasing sulfur application rates, indicating an optimal rate beyond which additional sulfur may not provide further benefits. A strong positive correlation between sulfur and nitrogen concentrations in the grain highlighted their interdependence in wheat nutrition. These findings emphasize the importance of considering soil properties and the sulfur–nitrogen interaction when developing site-specific sulfur fertilization strategies for wheat. The results provide valuable insights for optimizing grain yield and protein concentration, contributing to more sustainable and efficient wheat production systems.
The Role of Artificial Intelligence in Nutrition Research: A Scoping Review
Authors: Sosa-Holwerda Andrea , Park Oak-Hee , Albracht-Schulte Kembra , Niraula Surya , Thompson Leslie , Oldewage-Theron Wilna
Published: June 2024

Artificial intelligence (AI) refers to computer systems doing tasks that usually need human intelligence. AI is constantly changing and is revolutionizing the healthcare field, including nutrition. This review’s purpose is four-fold: (i) to investigate AI’s role in nutrition research; (ii) to identify areas in nutrition using AI; (iii) to understand AI’s future potential impact; (iv) to investigate possible concerns about AI’s use in nutrition research. Eight databases were searched: PubMed, Web of Science, EBSCO, Agricola, Scopus, IEEE Explore, Google Scholar and Cochrane. A total of 1737 articles were retrieved, of which 22 were included in the review. Article screening phases included duplicates elimination, title-abstract selection, full-text review, and quality assessment. The key findings indicated AI’s role in nutrition is at a developmental stage, focusing mainly on dietary assessment and less on malnutrition prediction, lifestyle interventions, and diet-related diseases comprehension. Clinical research is needed to determine AI’s intervention efficacy. The ethics of AI use, a main concern, remains unresolved and needs to be considered for collateral damage prevention to certain populations. The studies’ heterogeneity in this review limited the focus on specific nutritional areas. Future research should prioritize specialized reviews in nutrition and dieting for a deeper understanding of AI’s potential in human nutrition.
Evaluation of Biochemical and Oxidative Stress Markers in the Early Stages of Rheumatoid Arthritis in a Comparative Study of Two Different Therapeutic Approaches
Authors: Ioannidou Stavroula , Tsiakalidou Athanasia , Kazeli Konstantina , Ginoudis Argyrios , Fouza Ariadne , Daoudaki Maria , Lymperaki Evgenia
Published: June 2024

Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is a well-known autoimmune inflammatory disease that affects the diarthrodial joints. Inflammation increases the production of reactive oxygen species (ROS), which may explain why RA is one of the diseases that induce oxidative stress. This study aimed to evaluate the potential differences in biochemical, hematological, and oxidative stress markers in the early stages of RA and after different treatment regimens. The study involved 111 patients, 28 men and 83 women aged 34 to 59 years, who were divided based on their c-reactive protein (CRP) levels into inactive RA patients (IRA) with CRP < 1.3 (n = 57, 22 men and 35 women) and active RA patients (ARA) with CRP ≥ 1.3 (n = 54, 6 men and 48 women). The study participants were divided into two groups, A and B, based on their treatment regimen. Group A, 90% of which were IRA patients, received methotrexate (MTX) monotherapy. Group B, which comprised 90% ARA patients, received a combination of leflunomide, a conventional disease-modifying antirheumatic drug (DMARD), and a biologic DMARD. The hematological, biochemical, oxidative stress, and RA-specific biomarkers were measured twice in groups A and B in the early stage of the disease, before and 3 months post-treatment, using conventional colorimetric, fluorometric, and immunological assays. According to the results of our study, glutathione peroxidase (GPx), ROS, calcium (Ca) and phosphorus (P) ions, vitamin C and D, and lipid profiles could serve as potential diagnostic markers in the early stages of the disease. Both treatment options were equally effective at improving the overall health of the patients. However, treatment resulted in a further increase in ROS levels and a decrease in antioxidant markers.
Electrospun Gelatin Scaffolds with Incorporated Antibiotics for Skin Wound Healing
Authors: Virijević Katarina , Živanović Marko , Pavić Jelena , Dragačević Luka , Ljujić Biljana , Miletić Kovačević Marina , Papić Miloš , Živanović Suzana , Milenković Strahinja , Radojević Ivana , Filipović Nenad
Published: June 2024

Recent advances in regenerative medicine provide encouraging strategies to produce artificial skin substitutes. Gelatin scaffolds are successfully used as wound-dressing materials due to their superior properties, such as biocompatibility and the ability to mimic the extracellular matrix of the surrounding environment. In this study, five gelatin combination solutions were prepared and successfully electrospun using an electrospinning technique. After careful screening, the optimal concentration of the most promising combination was selected for further investigation. The obtained scaffolds were crosslinked with 25% glutaraldehyde vapor and characterized by scanning electron microscopy, energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy, and Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy. The incorporation of antibiotic agents such as ciprofloxacin hydrochloride and gentamicin sulfate into gelatin membranes improved the already existing antibacterial properties of antibiotic-free gelatin scaffolds against Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Staphylococcus aureus. Also, the outcomes from the in vivo model study revealed that skin regeneration was significantly accelerated with gelatin/ciprofloxacin scaffold treatment. Moreover, the gelatin nanofibers were found to strongly promote the neoangiogenic process in the in vivo chick embryo chorioallantoic membrane assay. Finally, the combination of gelatin’s extracellular matrix and antibacterial agents in the scaffold suggests its potential for effective wound-healing treatments, emphasizing the importance of gelatin scaffolds in tissue engineering.
Neuroprotective Effects of Glycyrrhiza glabra Total Extract and Isolated Compounds
Authors: Eltahir Ali O. E. , Omoruyi Sylvester I. , Augustine Tanya N. , Luckay Robert C. , Hussein Ahmed A.
Published: June 2024

Glycyrrhiza glabra L. is a plant commonly utilized in herbal medicine and stands out as one of the more extensively researched medicinal plants globally. It has been documented with respect to several pharmacological activities, notably, neuroprotective effects, among others. However, the neuroprotective activity of pure phenolic compounds has not been reported yet. The chromatographic of a methanolic extract yielded twenty-two compounds, viz.: naringenin 4′-O-glucoside (1), 3′,4′,7-trihydroxyflavanone (butin) (2), liquiritin (3), liquiritin apioside (4), abyssinone (5), glabrol (6), isoliquiritin (7), neoisoliquiritin (8), isoliquiritin apioside (9), licuraside (10). 3’[O], 4’-(2,2-dimethylpyrano)-3,7-dihydroxyflavanone (11), glabrocoumarin (12), glabrene (13), isomedicarpin (14), 7-hydroxy-4′-methoxyflavone (formononetin) (15), ononin (16), glycyroside (17), (3S)-7,4′-dihydroxy-2′-methoxyisoflavan (18), glabridin (19), neoliquiritin (20), 3,11-dioxooleana-1,12-dien-29-oic acid (21), and 3-oxo-18β-glycyrrhetinic acid (22). The results of the neuroprotection evaluation showed that G. glabra total extract (TE) and compounds 1, 7, 11, 16, and 20 protected SH-SY5Y cells by inhibiting the depletion of ATP and elevated caspase 3/7 activities induced by MPP+. Indeed, this study reports for the first time the structure and activity of compound 11 and the neuroprotective activity of some phenolic constituents from G. glabra.
Expanding Role of Endogenous Biomarkers for Assessment of Transporter Activity in Drug Development: Current Applications and Future Horizon
Authors: Arya Vikram , Ma Joseph D. , Kvitne Kine Eide
Published: June 2024

The evaluation of transporter-mediated drug–drug interactions (DDIs) during drug development and post-approval contributes to benefit–risk assessment and helps formulate clinical management strategies. The use of endogenous biomarkers, which are substrates of clinically relevant uptake and efflux transporters, to assess the transporter inhibitory potential of a drug has received widespread attention. Endogenous biomarkers, such as coproporphyrin (CP) I and III, have increased mechanistic understanding of complex DDIs. Other endogenous biomarkers are under evaluation, including, but not limited to, sulfated bile acids and 4-pyridoxic acid (PDA). The role of endogenous biomarkers has expanded beyond facilitating assessment of transporter-mediated DDIs and they have also been used to understand alterations in transporter activity in the setting of organ dysfunction and various disease states. We envision that endogenous biomarker-informed approaches will not only help to formulate a prudent and informed DDI assessment strategy but also facilitate quantitative predictions of changes in drug exposures in specific populations.
Influence of Light Irradiation on the Degradation of Dezocine in Injections
Authors: Zhu Li , Teng Xu , Duan Yu , Zhang Xia , Xie Jingxin , Xu Mingzhe , Yin Lihui
Published: June 2024

Dezocine, which is well-known as an analgesic, had about 45% share of the Chinese opioid analgesic market. Since drug products containing impurities could bring serious health consequences, it was important to control the generation of impurities and degradation products in the dezocine product. In this study, two kinds of photodegradation products (i.e., degradation product 1 and degradation product 2) in the dezocine injection were isolated using high-performance liquid chromatography. The possible structures of the photodegradation products were identified using both high-resolution mass spectrometry and nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy. In addition, the possible generation mechanism showed that degradation product 1 was the oxidation product of dezocine, and degradation product 2 was the coupled dimer of dezocine. Finally, we found that the degradation rate of dezocine increased with the increase in light intensity. Moreover, the degradation of dezocine easily occurred under ultraviolet light in comparison with visible light. A deeper insight into the generation of the photodegradation products in the dezocine injection would directly contribute to the safety of drug therapy based on the dezocine injection by minimizing the degradant/impurity-related adverse effects of drug preparations.
From Nature to Healing: Development and Evaluation of Topical Cream Loaded with Pine Tar for Cutaneous Wound Repair
Authors: Petrovic Branislav , Petrovic Anica , Bijelic Katarina , Stanisic Dragana , Mitrovic Slobodanka , Jakovljevic Vladimir , Bolevich Sergej , Glisovic Jovanovic Ivana , Bradic Jovana
Published: June 2024

Despite the numerous efforts to find an appropriate therapeutic modality, diabetic wounds remain a global unsolved problem. Therefore, our study aimed to develop a topical formulation loaded with pine tar and to investigate its wound-healing capacity. After phytochemical profiling of pine tar, an oil-in-water emulsion with 1% pine tar was prepared. The physical, chemical, and microbiological stability of prepared pine tar cream (PTC) was assessed during six months. Additionally, safety potential was examined in healthy rats, while wound-healing potential was accessed by creating excision wounds in diabetic rats. Diabetic animals were divided into four groups: untreated or topically treated with either the cream base, PTC, or silver sulfadiazine cream. Wound healing was monitored at the following time points (0, 7, 14, and 21 days) through macroscopic, biochemical, and histological examinations. Our PTC formula showed good physicochemical properties and remained stable and compatible for cutaneous application. PTC showed a remarkable increase in wound closure rate and led to attenuation of morphological alterations in skin samples. These findings were associated with significantly improved redox status and enhanced hydroxyproline levels in PTC relative to the untreated and cream base groups. Our results demonstrated that PTC might serve as a promising tool for the management of diabetic wounds.
Pharmacists’ Willingness to Offer Vaccination Services: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis
Authors: Udoh Arit , Ernawati Desak , Ikhile Ifunanya , Yahyouche Asma
Published: June 2024

Pharmacy-based vaccination (PBV) services increase coverage and enhance access to lifesaving vaccines. This systematic review assessed the proportion of pharmacists willing to offer PBV services. PubMed/MEDLINE, CINAHL, EMBASE and Scopus electronic databases were searched from inception to identify relevant literature. Google scholar and other sources of grey literature was also searched. The literature findings were synthesized narratively, and via a random-effects meta-analysis. Risk of bias was evaluated using nine quality assessment criteria adapted from the Joanna Briggs Institute checklist for prevalence studies. The review protocol is registered on PROSPERO (REF: CRD42021293692). In total, 967 articles were identified from the literature search. Of this, 34 articles from 19 countries across 5 WHO regions were included in the review. No article from the Western Pacific WHO region was identified. Most of the included studies (n = 21, 61.8%) showed an overall low risk of bias. None showed a high risk of bias. Pooled willingness for PBV services was 69.45% (95% CI: 61.58–76.33; n total pharmacists = 8877), indicating that most pharmacists were willing to offer the service, although nearly a third were not. Pharmacists’ willingness was highest in the Americas (71.49%, 95% CI: 53.32–84.63, n pharmacists = 3842) and lowest in the African region (58.71%, 95% CI: 45.86–70.46, n pharmacists = 1080) although the between-group difference was not statistically significant across the WHO regions (Q = 3.01, df = 4, p < 0.5567). Meta-regression showed no evidence (R2 = 0%, p = 0.9871) of the moderating effect of the type of vaccine assessed, PBV service availability, sampling technique and the study risk of bias. These findings show that most pharmacists are willing to offer PBV services; however, strategies that will enhance greater involvement in service provision are needed.
Adolescent Perspectives on the Pharmacy-Based T-EVER (Teen E-Cigarette and Vaping Educational Resource) and Its Potential Impact on Youth Vaping
Authors: Klubertanz Grace C. , Matulle McKennah J. , Li Jenny S. , Abraham Olufunmilola
Published: June 2024

Background: While public health efforts have made tobacco smoking near obsolete among adolescents, vaping products are quickly taking their place. With the negative health consequences looming ahead of young vapers, there is a desperate need to curb youth vaping. Adolescents want to be actively engaged in their health which creates space to educate on vaping in this population segment. Methods: From January to May 2023, 35 adolescents aged 11–18 participated in interviews to assess the investigator-developed Teen E-cigarette and Vaping Educational Resource (T-EVER). All the interviews were recorded and transcribed for independent analysis by two study team members. Results: The participants liked the T-EVER, indicating they were engaged in the content. However, some participants wanted more information. The participants wanted health professionals to educate them on vaping but were worried about the potential barriers facing the implementation in community pharmacy settings. Conclusions: Adolescents want to learn about vaping, but there are limited opportunities to do so. The T-EVER is designed to educate youth about vaping. This tool was well received and has the potential to be used by pharmacists as a vaping prevention and cessation intervention. More research is required to discern the true scope of the pharmacist’s role in using an educational tool to address adolescent vaping.
Unveiling the Impact of Gelation Temperature on the Rheological and Microstructural Properties of Type A Gelatin Hydrogels
Authors: Mehdi-Sefiani Hanaa , Chicardi E. , Romero A. , Perez-Puyana Victor M.
Published: June 2024

Gelatin-based hydrogels have garnered significant attention in the fields of drug delivery systems and tissue engineering owing to their biodegradability, biocompatibility, elasticity, flexibility and nontoxic nature. However, there is a lack of information regarding type-A-gelatin-based hydrogels. In this sense, the main aim of this work was the evaluation of the properties of type-A-gelatin-based hydrogel achieved using two different gelation temperatures (4 °C and 20 °C). Thus, the main novelty of this study lies in the analysis of the impact of gelation time on the rheological and microstructural properties of type-A-gelatin-based hydrogels. Moreover, the addition of a drug was also analyzed in order to evaluate the hydrogels’ behavior as a drug delivery system. For this purpose, rheological (strain, frequency sweep tests and flow curves) and microstructural (SEM) characterizations were carried out. The results demonstrated that lowering the gelation temperature improved the rheological properties of the systems, obtaining hydrogels with an elastic modulus of 20 kPa when processing at 4 °C. On the other hand, the increase in the gelation temperature improved the critical strain of the systems at low temperatures. In conclusion, this work showed the feasibility of producing hydrogels with potential application in drug delivery with different properties, varying the testing temperature and incorporating tetracycline into their formulation.
Repair Effect of Umbilical Cord Mesenchymal Stem Cells Embedded in Hydrogel on Mouse Insulinoma 6 Cells Injured by Streptozotocin
Authors: Yang Jia , Liu Yang , Wang Minghui , Chen Shengqin , Miao Qingya , Liu Zhicong , Zhang Bin , Deng Guodong
Published: June 2024

Umbilical cord mesenchymal stem cells (UC-MSCs) possess the capabilities of differentiation and immune modulation, which endow them with therapeutic potential in the treatment of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). In this study, to investigate the repair mechanism of UC-MSCs in hydrogel on pancreatic β-cells in diabetes, mouse insulinoma 6 (MIN-6) cells damaged by streptozotocin (STZ) in vitro were used in co-culture with UC-MSCs in hydrogel (UC-MSCs + hydrogel). It was found that UC-MSCs + hydrogel had a significant repair effect on injured MIN-6 cells, which was better than the use of UC-MSCs alone (without hydrogel). After repair, the expression of superoxide dismutase (SOD) and catalase (CAT) as well as the total antioxidant capacity (T-AOC) of the repaired MIN-6 cells were increased, effectively reducing the oxidative stress caused by STZ. In addition, UC-MSCs + hydrogel were able to curb the inflammatory response by promoting the expression of anti-inflammatory factor IL-10 and reducing inflammatory factor IL-1β. In addition, the expression of both nuclear antigen Ki67 for cell proliferation and insulin-related genes such as Pdx1 and MafA was increased in the repaired MIN-6 cells by UC-MSCs + hydrogel, suggesting that the repair effect promotes the proliferation of the injured MIN-6 cells. Compared with the use of UC-MSCs alone, UC-MSCs + hydrogel exhibit superior antioxidant stress resistance against injured MIN-6 cells, better proliferation effects and a longer survival time of UC-MSCs because the porous structure and hydrophilic properties of the hydrogel could affect the growth of cells and slow down their metabolic activities, resulting in a better repair effect on the injured MIN-6 cells.
Mechanical Characterization, Water Absorption, and Thickness Swelling of Lightweight Pineapple Leaf/Ramie Fabric-Reinforced Polypropylene Hybrid Composites
Authors: Ng Lin Feng , Yahya Mohd Yazid , Muthukumar Chandrasekar , Parameswaranpillai Jyotishkumar , Ma Quanjin , Muhammad Asyraf Muhammad Rizal , Abdul Majid Rohah
Published: June 2024

Fiber-reinforced composites are among the recognized competing materials in various engineering applications. Ramie and pineapple leaf fibers are fascinating natural fibers due to their remarkable material properties. This research study aims to unveil the viability of hybridizing two kinds of lignocellulosic plant fiber fabrics in polymer composites. In this work, the hybrid composites were prepared with the aid of the hot compression technique. The mechanical, water-absorbing, and thickness swelling properties of ramie and pineapple leaf fiber fabric-reinforced polypropylene hybrid composites were identified. A comparison was made between non-hybrid and hybrid composites to demonstrate the hybridization effect. According to the findings, hybrid composites, particularly those containing ramie fiber as a skin layer, showed a prominent increase in mechanical strength. In comparison with non-hybrid pineapple leaf fabric-reinforced composites, the tensile, flexural, and Charpy impact strengths were enhanced by 52.10%, 18.78%, and 166.60%, respectively, when the outermost pineapple leaf fiber layers were superseded with ramie fabric. However, increasing the pineapple leaf fiber content reduced the water absorption and thickness swelling of the hybrid composites. Undeniably, these findings highlight the potential of hybrid composites to reach a balance in mechanical properties and water absorption while possessing eco-friendly characteristics.
Re-Imagining Catholic Ethics: Beyond ‘Justification’ of Violence and toward Accompaniment
Authors: McCarthy Eli
Published: June 2024

This paper will focus on one way of re-imagining Catholic ethics through the praxis of accompaniment, especially in situations that lend themselves to moral dilemmas and potential justifications of significant harm. The growing integration and shared discourse of scholars from the global south with those from the global north has given rise to deeper ethical insight about the praxis of accompaniment. In turn, I analyze some predominant ways of wrestling with justifications of significant harm or violence, particularly recent contributions by Lisa Sowle Cahill and Kate Jackson-Meyer on moral dilemmas. I build on their contributions by critically reflecting on the praxis of accompaniment in particularly difficult moral situations. I argue that accompaniment offers a way forward that is consistent with and illuminates our dignity as well as the Love of Christ. This approach may better meet needs, break cycles of violence, and lean us into a more sustainable just peace.
Factors Influencing Abdominal Compliance during CO2 Insufflation in Patients Undergoing Laparoscopic Abdominal Surgery
Authors: Yıldırım Ezgi , Turhan K. Sanem Cakar , Güven Aysegul , Gökmen Derya , Özcelik Menekse
Published: June 2024

The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of patient demographic and anatomical characteristics on abdominal compliance (AC), which represents the slope of the pressure–volume (P–V) curve of the abdominal cavity and is a measure of the ease of abdominal dilatation. The study included 90 patients undergoing laparoscopic abdominal surgery. Subcutaneous adipose tissue and abdominal muscle thickness were measured using ultrasonography. The mean AC was calculated during insufflation using the formula (ΔV/ΔP). The relationship between demographic and anatomical variables and AC was investigated. The results demonstrated that AC was higher in men, the elderly, and women with a history of pregnancy, and lower in patients with a history of abdominal surgery. No significant correlation was found between AC and BMI, abdominal muscle thickness, and subcutaneous adipose tissue thickness. These findings suggest that morbid obesity, a common comorbidity in laparoscopic surgery, and well-developed abdominal muscles are not indicators of low AC. However, gender, age, pregnancy history, and previous abdominal surgery affect AC during laparoscopic surgery. By taking these factors into account during preoperative evaluation, it may be possible to predict patients with low AC, which could improve perioperative outcomes through the application of individualized intra-abdominal pressure (IAP) during pneumoperitoneum.
Foeniculum vulgare Mill. Aerial Parts (Italian ‘Finocchio di Isola Capo Rizzuto’ PGI): Valorization of Agri-Food Waste as a Potential Source of Lipase Inhibitors and Antioxidants
Authors: Marrelli Mariangela , Lupia Carmine , Argentieri Maria , Bava Roberto , Castagna Fabio , Cozza Nadia , Mollace Vincenzo , Palma Ernesto , Statti Giancarlo
Published: June 2024

A large amount of waste material derives from the horticultural industry. These plant matrices constitute a valuable source of active secondary metabolites with a wide spectrum of potential applications, including both human health and veterinary science. Italy is one of the leading European producers of fennel, and the ‘Finocchio di Isola Capo Rizzuto’ is a protected geographical indication (PGI) product, typical of the Calabria region. In this study, the waste material from this PGI Italian fennel was investigated for the first time as a potential source of bioactive compounds. Both bulbs and aerial parts were extracted with ethanol through maceration, and the phenolic content was assessed, together with the antioxidant properties. Moreover, the nutraceutical value was investigated by evaluating the potential anti-obesity effects. To this end, fennel extracts were studied for their inhibitory effects on pancreatic lipase enzyme, which plays a pivotal role in dietary fat absorption. The aerial part extract demonstrated DPPH radical scavenging (IC50 = 293.13 ± 22.98 µg/mL) and lipid peroxidation inhibitory activities (IC50 = 43.26 ± 1.90 µg/mL), and it was also effective in inhibiting pancreatic lipase (IC50 = 3.51 ± 0.09 mg/mL). Moreover, a significant positive correlation was highlighted between observed biological properties and fennel phenolic constituents. Obtained results show that ‘Finocchio di Isola Capo Rizzuto’ PGI by-products are a good candidate for further investigations as a potential source of antioxidant and anti-obesity agents useful as functional ingredients.
Exploring the Most Effective Information for Satellite-Derived Bathymetry Models in Different Water Qualities
Authors: Liu Zhen , Liu Hao , Ma Yue , Ma Xin , Yang Jian , Jiang Yang , Li Shaohui
Published: June 2024

Satellite-derived bathymetry (SDB) is an effective means of obtaining global shallow water depths. However, the effect of inherent optical properties (IOPs) on the accuracy of SDB under different water quality conditions has not been clearly clarified. To enhance the accuracy of machine learning SDB models, this study aims to assess the performance improvement of integrating the quasi-analytical algorithm (QAA)-derived IOPs using the Sentinel-2 and ICESat-2 datasets. In different water quality experiments, the results indicate that four SDB models (the Gaussian process regression, neural networks, random forests, and support vector regression) incorporating QAA-IOP parameters equal to or outperform those solely based on the remote sensing reflectance (Rrs) datasets, especially in turbid waters. By analyzing information gains in SDB, the most effective inputs are identified and prioritized under different water qualities. The SDB method incorporating QAA-IOP can achieve an accuracy of 0.85 m, 0.48 m, and 0.74 m in three areas (Wenchang, Laizhou Bay, and the Qilian Islands) with different water quality. Also, we find that incorporating an excessive number of redundant bands into machine learning models not only increases the demand of computing resources but also leads to worse accuracy in SDB. In conclusion, the integration of QAA-IOPs offers promising improvements in obtaining bathymetry and the optimal feature selection should be carefully considered in diverse aquatic environments.
Improving the Spatiotemporal Resolution of Land Surface Temperature Using a Data Fusion Method in Haihe Basin, China
Authors: Lin Rencai , Wei Zheng , Chen He , Han Congying , Zhang Baozhong , Jule Maomao
Published: June 2024

Land surface temperature (LST) serves as a pivotal component within the surface energy cycle, offering fundamental insights for the investigation of agricultural water environment, urban thermal environment, and land planning. However, LST monitoring at a point scale entails substantial costs and poses implementation challenges. Moreover, the existing LST products are constrained by their low spatiotemporal resolution, limiting their broader applicability. The fusion of multi-source remote sensing data offers a viable solution to enhance spatiotemporal resolution. In this study, the Enhanced Spatial and Temporal Adaptive Reflectance Fusion Model (ESTARFM) was used to estimate time series LST utilizing multi-temporal Landsat 8 (L8) and MOD21A2 within the Haihe basin in 2021. Validation of ESTARFM LST was conducted against L8 LST and in situ LST. The results can be summarized as follows: (1) ESTARFM was found to be effective in heterogeneous regions within the Haihe basin, yielding LST with a spatiotemporal resolution of 30 m and 8 d while retaining clear texture information; (2) the comparison between ESTARFM LST and L8 LST shows a coefficient determination (R2) exceeding 0.59, a mean absolute error (MAE) lower than 2.43 K, and a root mean square error (RMSE) lower than 2.63 K for most dates; (3) comparison between ESTARFM LST and in situ LST showcased high validation accuracy, revealing a R2 of 0.87, a MAE of 2.27 K, and a RMSE of 4.12 K. The estimated time series LST exhibited notable reliability and robustness. This study introduced ESTARFM for LST estimation, achieving satisfactory outcomes. The findings offer a valuable reference for other regions to generate LST data with a spatiotemporal resolution of 8 d and 30 m, thereby enhancing the application of data products in agriculture and hydrology contexts.
Annual Change in the Composition of Bulk Tank Milk Microbiota in Northern Kanagawa Prefecture, Japan
Authors: Ishikawa Reina , Kawai Kazuhiro , Shimizu Yuko , Kurumisawa Tomomi , Shinozuka Yasunori
Published: June 2024

Bulk tank milk microbiota (BTMM) is affected by various factors, including the characteristics of raw milk, microflora on teat surfaces, and the milking system. Clarifying the influence of these factors is important for producing high-quality dairy products. This longitudinal study describes the annual changes in BTMM at six dairy farms in northern Kanagawa Prefecture, Japan. Bulk tank milk samples were collected six times a year (in February, April, June, August, October, and December of 2022) to give a total of thirty-six samples. After bulk tank somatic cell counts (BTSCC) had been determined, we performed 16S rRNA gene amplicon sequence analysis to clarify the composition of the BTMM. Although no annual changes were observed in the BTSCC and alpha-diversity index, a significant difference in the beta-diversity index was observed between February and August (p = 0.0315). In February, the proportions of the psychrophilic genera Listeria and Enterococcus were significantly increased (p < 0.05). Similarly, in August, the proportion of commensal milk microbiota in the genera Catenibacterium and Acetobacter were significantly increased (p < 0.05). The results of this study suggest that the composition of BTMM in this region changed throughout the year, which may have been influenced by psychrophilic bacteria in winter.
Application of Sensory Methods to Evaluate the Effectiveness of Solutions to Reduce the Exposure to Odour Nuisance and Ammonia Emissions from the Compost Heaps
Authors: Szyłak-Szydłowski Mirosław , Kos Wojciech
Published: June 2024

Exposure to high concentrations of odours can result in health effects associated with direct health risks and irritation from nuisance. This investigation aimed to correlate aspects of the waste composting process with the emission levels of malodourous compounds. An essential optimisation criterion is the reduction of negative environmental impacts, particularly odour emissions. This study characterises odour concentration variations across various technological variants over different weeks of the composting process. A secondary objective is evaluating the efficacy of these variants, which differ in inoculation substances and compost heap composition. Olfactometric analyses were conducted using portable field olfactometers, enabling precise dilutions by mixing contaminated and purified air. The primary aim was to examine the correlation between selected odour parameters, determined via sensory analysis, and ammonia concentration during different composting weeks. Ammonia levels were measured using an RAE electrochemical sensor. Research shows that odour concentration is a significant indicator of compost maturity. In situ, olfactometric testing can effectively monitor the aerobic stabilisation process alone or with other methods. The most effective technological solution was identified by combining olfactometric and ammonia measurements and monitoring composting parameters, ensuring minimal odour emissions and the safety of employees and nearby residents.
IAVRS—International Affective Virtual Reality System: Psychometric Assessment of 360° Images by Using Psychophysiological Data
Authors: Mancuso Valentina , Borghesi Francesca , Chirico Alice , Bruni Francesca , Sarcinella Eleonora Diletta , Pedroli Elisa , Cipresso Pietro
Published: June 2024

Virtual Reality is an effective technique for eliciting emotions. It provides immersive and ecologically valid emotional experiences while maintaining experimental control. Recently, novel VR forms like 360° videos have been used successfully for emotion elicitation. Some preliminary databases of 360° videos for emotion elicitation have been proposed, but they tapped mainly into an emotional dimensional approach and did not include a concurrent physiological assessment of an emotional profile. This study expands on these databases by combining dimensional and discrete approaches to validate a new set of 360° emotion-inducing images. Twenty-six participants viewed 46 immersive images, and their emotional reactions were measured using self-reporting, psychophysiological signals, and eye tracking. The IAVRS database can successfully elicit a wide range of emotional responses, including both positive and negative valence, as well as different levels of arousal. Results reveal an important correspondence between the discrete and dimensional models of emotions. Furthermore, the images that exhibit convergence between the dimensional and discrete emotional models are particularly impactful regarding arousal and valence values. The IAVRS database provides insights into potential relationships between physiological parameters and emotional responses. This preliminary investigation highlights the complexity of emotional elicitation processes and their physiological correlates, suggesting the need for further research to deepen our understanding.
Tai Chi Movement Recognition and Precise Intervention for the Elderly Based on Inertial Measurement Units and Temporal Convolutional Neural Networks
Authors: Li Xiongfeng , Zou Limin , Li Haojie
Published: June 2024

(1) Background: The objective of this study was to recognize tai chi movements using inertial measurement units (IMUs) and temporal convolutional neural networks (TCNs) and to provide precise interventions for elderly people. (2) Methods: This study consisted of two parts: firstly, 70 skilled tai chi practitioners were used for movement recognition; secondly, 60 elderly males were used for an intervention study. IMU data were collected from skilled tai chi practitioners performing Bafa Wubu, and TCN models were constructed and trained to classify these movements. Elderly participants were divided into a precision intervention group and a standard intervention group, with the former receiving weekly real-time IMU feedback. Outcomes measured included balance, grip strength, quality of life, and depression. (3) Results: The TCN model demonstrated high accuracy in identifying tai chi movements, with percentages ranging from 82.6% to 94.4%. After eight weeks of intervention, both groups showed significant improvements in grip strength, quality of life, and depression. However, only the precision intervention group showed a significant increase in balance and higher post-intervention scores compared to the standard intervention group. (4) Conclusions: This study successfully employed IMU and TCN to identify Tai Chi movements and provide targeted feedback to older participants. Real-time IMU feedback can enhance health outcome indicators in elderly males.
Study of Grapevine (Vitis vinifera L.) Seed Morphometry and Comparison with Archaeological Remains in Central Apennines
Authors: Di Cecco Valter , Manzi Aurelio , Zulli Camillo , Di Musciano Michele , D’Archivio Angelo Antonio , Di Santo Marco , Palmerini Guido , Di Martino Luciano
Published: June 2024

Studying the evolution of seed morphology and, in turn, the evolution of cultivars across time and space is of fundamental importance to agriculture and archaeology. The identification of ancient and modern grapevine (Vitis vinifera L.) cultivars is essential for understanding the historical evolution of grape cultivation. Grape seed morphology provides valuable information to explore the evolution of grape cultivars over time and space. The main aim of our study was to build a comprehensive regional database of grape seed morphological traits from modern and archaeological wine cultivars and wild grape species. We aimed to identify which seeds of modern grape cultivars exhibited morphological similarities to archaeological cultivars. This study focused on fifteen distinct modern types of seeds and two archaeological samples from the Byzantine-to-Early Medieval period. We acquired digital images of seeds using a flatbed scanner. For each sample, 100 seeds were randomly selected, and morphometric data on each seed were gathered using ImageJ. Differences among the seed cultivars were investigated using linear discriminant analysis. Archaeological seeds were found to be more similar to cultivated V. vinifera cultivars rather than V. sylvestris populations. Among the cultivated cultivars, Sangiovese and Tosta antica resulted to be cultivars most similar cultivars to the archaeological ones. The morphometric analysis of grape seeds proved to be a valuable resource for investigating the evolution of vine cultivars throughout history. Combining image analysis techniques with genetic data will open new perspectives for studying the origins of and variations in grape cultivars, contributing to the conservation and enhancement of viticultural heritage.
The Role of Smart Homes in Providing Care for Older Adults: A Systematic Literature Review from 2010 to 2023
Authors: Vrančić Arian , Zadravec Hana , Orehovački Tihomir
Published: June 2024

This study undertakes a systematic literature review, framed by eight research questions, and an exploration into the state-of-the-art concerning smart home innovations for care of older adults, ethical, security, and privacy considerations in smart home deployment, integration of technology, user interaction and experience, and smart home design and accessibility. The review evaluates the role of smart home technologies (SHTs) in enhancing the lives of older adults, focusing on their cost-effectiveness, ease of use, and overall utility. The inquiry aims to outline both the advantages these technologies offer in supporting care for older adults and the obstacles that impede their widespread adoption. Throughout the investigation, 58 studies were analyzed, selected for their relevance to the discourse on smart home applications in care for older adults. This selection came from a search of literature published between 2010 and 2023, ensuring an up-to-date understanding of the field. The findings highlight the potential of SHTs to improve various aspects of daily living for older adults, including safety, health monitoring, and social interaction. However, the research also identifies several challenges, including the high costs associated with these technologies, their complex nature, and ethical concerns surrounding privacy and autonomy. To address these challenges, the study presents recommendations to increase the accessibility and user-friendliness of SHTs for older adults. Among these, educational initiatives for older adults are emphasized as a strategy to improve technology acceptance, along with suggestions for design optimizations in wearable devices to enhance comfort and adaptability. The implications of this study are significant, offering insights for researchers, practitioners, developers, and policymakers engaged in creating and implementing smart home solutions for care of older adults. By offering an understanding of both the opportunities and barriers associated with SHTs, this research supports future efforts to create more inclusive, practical, and supportive environments for aging populations.