bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Challenges faced by the diversion programmes on young offenders
Authors: Ekobi Gabriel Acha , Mangwiro Vongai Patience , Tanga Pius Tangwe
Published: December 2024

The diversion programmes provide the platform for the young in conflict with the law a chance to improved social behaviour and be responsible in their communities. However, studies, done on the diversion programmes, focused on factors influencing crime and rates of recidivism of the juveniles. This paper explores the challenges, faced by the diversion programmes on young offenders in East London (Eastern Cape Province), South Africa. The study adopted a qualitative research approach and a case study research design to answer the objective of the study. Twenty-five (25) participants took part in the study and were selected purposively. Semi-structured and unstructured interview guides were employed to collect data from the participants. Two themes were identified and the themes identified were the types of diversion programmes, provided to young offenders, and the challenges, faced by the diversion programmes on offenders. It was found that the wilderness therapy, community outreach programme, substance abuse, life skills and community pre-trial programmes were the types of diversion programmes, offered to young offenders. The various types of programmes help offenders to gain insight into what triggers them to commit crimes and teaches them how to avoid re-offending. Also, challenges, such as the lack of transport, psychological issues, shunning relationships and high caseloads, plague the programmes. The challenges hinder the quantity and quality of services, provided to offenders. Also, it leads to poor relationships and communication between the offenders and the community. The study concludes the challenges prevented the young offenders to be empowered and change their behaviours for the better. It is recommended that the government and other stakeholders in the diversion programmes should design and implement legal and policy frameworks, which could improve the effectiveness of the programmes
Effect of Immersion in 0.12% Chlorhexidine Solution on Corrosion and Unloading Force of Rhodium-Coated NiTi Archwires
Authors:   Department of Orthodontics, Faculty of Dentistry, Universitas Gadjah Mada, Jl. Denta 1, Sekip Utara, Yogyakarta 55281, Indonesia, Chairunnisa Afina Zahra , Christnawati Christnawati ,   Department of Orthodontics, Faculty of Dentistry, Universitas Gadjah Mada, Jl. Denta 1, Sekip Utara, Yogyakarta 55281, Indonesia, Pudyani Pinandi Sri ,   Department of Orthodontics, Faculty of Dentistry, Universitas Gadjah Mada, Jl. Denta 1, Sekip Utara, Yogyakarta 55281, Indonesia
Published: December 2024

The types of orthodontic archwires commonly used in orthodontic treatment are NiTi non-coated and rhodium-coated. Corrosivity and unloading force on the wires may undergo changes due to the use of mouthwash, specifically chlorhexidine 0.12%. The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of immersing NiTi non-coated and rhodium-coated with a diameter of 0.014” in chlorhexidine 0.12% solution on their corrosivity and unloading force after immersion for 1, 7, and 14 days. A total of 48 NiTi non-coated and rhodium-coated archwires were divided into 12 groups (n = 4 each) cut to a length of 30 mm. They were grouped based on immersion media (chlorhexidine 0.12% and artificial saliva) and immersion time (1, 7, 14 days). In the chlorhexidine immersion group, the wires were immersed and shaken for one minute twice a day, then rinsed and immersed in artificial saliva. Samples were tested using atomic absorption spectrophotometry (AAS) and a three-point bending test. Statistical analysis was performed using two-way ANOVA, DMRT 5%, and linear regression. The NiTi non-coated archwires immersed in chlorhexidine exhibited high corrosivity of 0.0083 ppm and unloading force of 2.0275 N after 14 days. SEM analysis of NiTi non-coated archwires revealed a rougher surface with larger porosities, while rhodium-coated archwires showed peeling of the coating and pitting. The immersion of non-coated NiTi archwire and rhodium-coated archwire in chlorhexidine solution on the 14th day has the highest corrosivity and unloading force compared to immersion durations on days 1 and 7.
The Comparison of Satirical Jokes in the Reels of @Podcastkeselaje and The Daily Show with Trevor Noah
Authors: Siregar Namiratusshofa , Ganie Rohani , Rangkuti Rahmadsyah
Published: December 2024

Despite the rise of social media platforms such as Instagram, satire remains an effective way to discuss and criticize current issues and states of affairs without offending communities. Hence, this research examines the satirical jokes found in the @podcastkeselaje Instagram account and The Daily Show With Trevor Noah in order to discuss social phenomenon that exist between different states. The objectives of this study are to classify the types of satire, describe the way of the satirical jokes are delivered in the reel video and The Daily Show, and explain the comparison of satirical jokes found between Indonesian and American culture. The data was collected from 15 reel videos of @podcastkeselaje official Instagram account with a total of 67 utterances, compared to 4 episodes of Trevor Noahâ€™s Show with a total of 11 utterances. This qualitative study employs Critical Discourse Analysis (CDA) by Fairclough as the approach and Abrams and Harphamâ€™s concept of satire. Based on the results of the study, Horatian satire (28,2%), Juvenalian satire (20,6%), and Menippean satire (51,2%) are the most frequently found in the reels video. The satirical jokes found in the reel videos were delivered in a direct way, either by serving humor or insulting the target harshly and indirectly expressing the satire to the target. According to the findings, the comparison of Indonesian and American satire is clearly depicted by the similarities in social, political, and racism issues due to similar social backgrounds; if Indonesia consisted of various tribes, America is consisted of various ethnicities. Both of the nations adhere to a democratic system which refers to the implementation of Human Rights no matter what their races, they are totally different in cultural cases related to Eastern and Western norms and values. Therefore, the background of a culture impacts the realization of the satire.
Revealing the Framing of the Kanjuruhan Tragedy-Themed Poems in the Jawa Pos Digital Media: Ontological, Epistemological, and Axiological Perspectives
Authors: Fadilla Annisa Rizky , Sari Esti Swatika , Efendi Anwar , Hartono Hartono
Published: December 2024

The digitalization era considers the media an urgent influencer for various aspects of life. The media's perspective also shapes perspectives and even influences decision-making for the community. Every media has an ideology. Framing analysis is intended to dissect the ideology of the media when constructing facts. On the other hand, the spread of digital media has impacted the ease of publication of literary writings as a factual form of self-expression. Poem as a type of literature has always been popularly chosen by the public because it contains both freedom and aesthetics. This study aims to describe the framing of the Kanjuruhan tragedy-themed poem in the Jawa Pos digital media from ontology, epistemology, and axiology perspectives. This type of research is qualitative. Data analysis descriptively positioned the researcher as the main research instrument. The data collection method uses basic tapping techniques and advanced techniques in the form of notes. The analytical procedure to determine framing is done by reading the poem carefully, analyzing the framing of the poem according to Entman's approach, and summarizing the findings. The results of framing research using an Entmanâ€™s approach seen from the depth of the perspective of ontology, epistemology, and axiology show that the poem published by Jawa Pos contains the sharpness of criticism and reflection by raising solidarity on the issue of humanism which indicates the alignment of creators to victims and criticizing state institutions and those in power. These findings add to the diversity of framing research using the Entman approach with new objects in the form of literary works. These results also indicate that framing analysis can clarify the ideology of a media in terms of everything it publishes.
Odjel za psihologiju Sveučilišta u Zadru
Authors: Proroković Ana
Published: December 2024

Odjel za psihologiju Sveučilišta u Zadru slijednik je Odsjeka za psihologiju osnovanog 1978. godine pri Filozofskom fakultetu u Zadru. U to vrijeme, osnivanje Odsjeka bila je vrlo hrabra i ambiciozna odluka. Krenulo se s malim brojem nastavnika i studenata, ali koji su u svom radu pokazali izuzetnu ustrajnost i entuzijazam. U ranim godinama, Odjel je bio usmjeren na temeljno obrazovanje studenata u području psihologije i postavljanje čvrstih temelja za psihologijsko istraživanje. S vremenom je rastao i razvijao se kadrovski, materijalno i znanstveno, te postao prepoznatljiv po svom istraživačkom radu i visokoj kvaliteti obrazovnog procesa. Kontinuirano se povećavao broj profesora i studenata, s iznimkom ratnog perioda u prvoj polovici devedesetih kad je preostalo svega nekoliko nastavnika i studenata, te kada se djelovalo u iznimno teškim uvjetima rada. Osim stvaranja generacija kvalificiranih psihologa, Odjel je ostvario brojne institucionalne suradnje nacionalnog i međunarodnog karaktera, a naši su djelatnici realizirali znatan broj znanstvenih i stručnih projekata. Također, tu su i bogata izdavačka djelatnost te organizacije velikog broja domaćih i međunarodnih znanstvenih skupova. Danas smo svjedoci postojanja istovremeno etabliranog i modernog Odjela koji je s vremenom postao sinonim za izvrsnost u obrazovanju i istraživanju. Naši profesori i studenti zajedno su sudjelovali u mnogim znanstvenim projektima, razvijali nove istraživačke metode te pridonosili podjednako svim aspektima psihologije. Iako se ponosimo dosadašnjim ostvarenjima, namjeravamo i u budućnosti nastaviti razvijati našu instituciju, poticati inovacije u znanstvenoj i primijenjenoj psihologiji, te oblikovati nove generacije stručnjaka koji će biti spremni odgovoriti na sve složenije potrebe društva.
Povijest studija psihologije na Hrvatskim studijima / Fakultetu hrvatskih studija Sveučilišta u Zagrebu
Authors: Despot Lučanin Jasminka
Published: December 2024

Studij psihologije na Hrvatskim studijima, danas Fakultetu hrvatskih studija Sveučilišta u Zagrebu upisao je prvu generaciju studenata u ak. godini 1998./1999. U samostalnoj državi suočenoj s poslijeratnim teškoćama prilagodbe pojedinaca i društvenih skupina, ali i s mogućnostima razvoja, bili su potrebni, među ostalim stručnjacima, i suvremeno obrazovani psiholozi. Studijski program izrađen je na temelju analize sličnih programa na najpoznatijim svjetskim i europskim studijima psihologije, a 2005. godine doživio je promjene u smjeru još većeg usklađivanja s europskim obrazovnim okvirom, tzv. bolonjskim modelom studiranja. Unatoč dugom razdoblju propitivanja potrebe postojanja dvaju studija psihologije na Sveučilištu u Zagrebu, u postupku vanjske reakreditacije visokoškolskih studijskih programa 2013./2014. godine, Hrvatski studiji bili su najbolje ocijenjeno društveno-humanističko visoko učilište. Time je potvrđena i kvaliteta programa studija psihologije, kojem je 2014. godine izdana trajna dopusnica za izvođenje preddiplomskog i diplomskog studija. Specifičnost programa psihologije Hrvatskih studija u odnosu na druge studije psihologije u Republici Hrvatskoj bio je u praktičnoj usmjerenosti studija na: interdisciplinarnost, osobito na preddiplomskom studiju, kada studenti obavezno upisuju izborne predmete drugih studijskih programa u ustanovi; usmjerenost na psihološku praksu na diplomskom studiju, kada studenti upisuju velik broj izbornih predmeta specifičnih i profesionalnih vještina, što je priprema i prijelaz prema svijetu rada.
Büğdüz Köyü (Burdur)’nde Tespit Edilen Düz Dokumalar
Authors: Yıldırım Ayşe , Genç Mustafa
Published: December 2024

Burdur ili; Türkmen ve Yörük birliklerinin oluşturduğu kültürel bir bölge olan Teke Yöresi’nin önemli dokuma merkezlerinden biridir. Halı dokumacılığı ile tanınan ilde düz dokumacılığın da yoğun bir şekilde yapıldığı bilinmektedir. Yörede yapılan alan araştırması sonucu düz dokumacılıkta önemli merkezden biri olan Bügdüz köyünde az da olsa hala düz dokuma yapan dokuyucuların olduğu belirlenmiştir. Araştırma kapsamında 3 seccade, 3 yer yaygısı, 4 torba, 1 heybe olmak üzere toplam 11 adet zili ve cicim teknikli dokumalar ele alınmıştır. Çalışmanın amacı yörede belirlenen cicim zili dokumaların kompozisyon, teknik, motif, malzeme, renk ve kullanım alanı yönleri ile incelenip değerlendirilmesidir. Ele alınan dokumalar edinilen bilgiler ve kaynak kişilerin desteği ile analiz edilmiş ve değerlendirilmiştir. Dokumaların çizimleri yapılmış, benzerlikler ve farklılıklar belirlenip kayıt altına alınmıştır. Her geçen gün üretimi azalan yöre dokumalarının gelecek nesillere aktarılması ve bundan sonraki çalışmalara kaynak olması amaçlanmıştır.
Stone Town Built Heritage Identity as a Stimulus to Sustainable Urban Growth within Zanzibar City
Authors: Haji Khamis Ali , Hollmén Saija , Koskinen Anna , Nimri Ledia
Published: December 2024

Stone Town, located in Unguja Island, Zanzibar, is one of East Africa's oldest towns, showcasing Swahili urbanism and culture influenced by Arab, European, Indian, and African heritage. Its unique architecture reflects a rich cultural diversity shaped by historical trade and economic activities. Despite its appeal to residents and visitors, the rapid urbanization of Zanzibar City poses a threat to Stone Town's historical identity. This study explores the crucial role of Stone Town's heritage in promoting sustainable urban growth and how local perceptions of heritage values influence future development. Through qualitative methods such as interviews and participatory workshops, this research illustrated how conserving Stone Town's heritage can shape Zanzibar's urban future. The findings reveal that Stone Town holds significance beyond its architecture, deeply intertwining with residents' way of life and their desire to see similar patterns in the new parts of the city. This study is part of an ongoing PhD research project focused on proposing comprehensive planning frameworks to integrate heritage conservation into urban policy, ensuring the city's cultural, social, economic, and environmental sustainability.
Quantitative Method For Post-Windstorm Function of Community Shelters Considering The Impact of Urban Road Network
Authors: Zhang Lu , Tan Shuang
Published: December 2024

During strong windstorms in coastal cities, community shelters play a crucial role in reducing injures and ensuring the basic living needs of citizens. However, previous studies mainly focus on the function assessment of healthcare systems during earthquakes, few studies discuss the post-windstorm functionality of community shelters. Thus, this study proposes a quantitative method for the post-windstorm function of community shelters considering the impact of urban road networks. In which, the refugee traveling time (RTT) and refugee admitted ratio (RAR) are introduced to quantify the post-windstorm functionality of community shelters. Both the networks of urban roads and community shelters are established using graph theory, and the wind-induced fragilities of urban road facilities are included to quantify the physical damages during windstorms, including tree/pole blow-down, damages on building envelops, etc. Then, the population distribution and refugee generation models are also introduced. To determine accurate RTT and RAR, an efficient traffic flow allocation algorithm based on stochastic non-equilibrium assignment model are proposed to calculate the post-windstorm flows on urban roads. The proposed method can accurately and effectively quantify the post-windstorm functionality of community shelters, which can be applied on different cities and help improving urban resilience under wind hazards.
A NEW GENUS AND A NEW SPECIES OF NEOPYGMEPHORIDAE (ACARI: PYGMEPHOROIDEA) PHORETIC ON ANOMIOPSOIDES CAVIFRONS (COLEOPTERA: SCARABAEIDAE) FROM ARGENTINA
Authors: Khaustov Alexander A. , Frolov Andrey V.
Published: December 2024

A new monobasic genus of Neopygmephorid mites (Acari: Neopygmephoridae)—Rhombophorus brevipedis gen. and sp. n.—collected from the beetle Anomiopsoides cavifrons (Burmeister) (Scarabaeidae: Eucraniini) in Argentina is described. Females of the new genus are characterized by a remarkable enlarged, poorly sclerotized and almost rhombic in outline claw on tibiotarsus I, as well as large pinnaculum, bearing two solenidia (ω1 and ω2) and four eupathidia (tc’, tc”, ft’, ft”) on tibiotarsus I. A provisional key to the genera of Neopygmephoridae is also provided.
NEW SYNONYMS OF THE SUBFAMILY AND GENUS RANKS IN THE FAMILY CUNAXIDAE (ACARI: BDELLOIDEA)
Authors: Khaustov Alexander A. , Tolstikov Andrei V.
Published: December 2024

Based on the examination of females and males of Armascirus taurus, collected from Cuba, we have confirmed a complete similarity between the genera Armascirus Den Heyer and Brevicaudus Chen and Jin, as well as between subfamilies Cunaxinae Oudemans and Cunaxicaudinae Chen and Jin. Therefore, we consider the genus Brevicaudus and the subfamily Cunaxicaudinae as junior objective synonyms of the genus Armascirus and the subfamily Cunaxinae, respectively. Thus, the genus Cunaxicaudus is moved from the subfamily Cunaxicaudinae to Cunaxinae.
NEW OCCURRENCES OF TWO RARE UROPODINA (ACARI: MESOSTIGMATA) SPECIES FROM IRANIAN FRUIT PLANTATIONS
Authors: Memarzadeh Somayeh , Ostovan Hadi , Hesami Shahram , Gheibi Mehdi , Ermilov Sergey G. , Kontschán Jenő
Published: December 2024

Two rare Uropodina species are reported from Iran: Macrodinychus iranicus Babaeian and Khalili-Moghadam, 2021 from soil in an apricot plantation; Oplitis iranicus Kazemi and Kontschán, 2007 from soils in orange plantations.
Indeclinable adjectives in the Russian language of the early 18th century
Authors: Molkov Georgiy A.
Published: December 2024

This article looks into the history of forming the category of indeclinable adjectives in the Russian language. Contrary to the insufficient existing research literature, the starting point of this process should be the Petrine era (early 18th c.) — a period of active translation activity. This research aims to fill in this lacuna, since traditionally, the first examples of indeclinable adjectives date back as far as to the end of the 18th c. The Dictionary of the Russian Language of the 18th Century provides some insight on the functioning of these forms throughout the century, although it describes the forms of our interest fragmentarily and not entirely consistently. The results show that, during the first half of the 18th c., a number of terminological systems and their parts were borrowed from European languages, in which indeclinable attributes play a significant role; these terminological systems are used in essays on mathematics, military affairs (fortification), and shipbuilding. The study systematizes the material of indeclinable forms and assesses their contribution towards the process of forming a new morphological category in the Russian language. A distinctive feature of this stage is the non-viability of most indeclinable forms found in texts, which fell out of use by the middle of the 18th c., when the process of normalization of the language began from the standpoint of linguistic purism.
Petrograd City Duma on the threshold of the Civil war in late October–early November 1917: perception and legitimization of violence
Authors: Kondratyev Mikhail A.
Published: December 2024

Through the prism of Petrograd self-government, this article studies the escalation of the civil conflict and its gradual development into a civil war. In many studies on the October Uprising and the first weeks the upcoming Soviet power, little attention is paid to local self-government’s influence on the transformation of the revolutionary political culture. Meanwhile, local governments became representatives of the citizens’ interests, important resource centers for political actors, and institutions claiming political subjectivity. The central source for the study is the transcripts of the Petrograd City Duma meetings during the October Bolshevik Uprising. The Petrograd self-government made their first attempt to determine the Duma role and functions on October 24, but at numerous meetings, up to the early November, the speakers could not determine the place of the City Duma in a rapidly changing political situation. There was also no conventional view of the Bolshevik uprising, and, consequently, no idea of the legitimate authority and legitimacy of violence. During the discussions, the division into several conditional camps was revealed, going beyond the typical binary oppositions of the Cadets, part of the Socialist Revolutionaries and Mensheviks on the one hand, and radical Socialists on the other. Cases of political and accidental violence on the streets of Petrograd and Moscow were perceived by most of the speakers as acts requiring moral condemnation, but in the conditions of the revolutionary crisis of power, their perception quickly became routine. Condemnation of excessive violence has become common. A number of speakers, regardless of party affiliation, began to interpret the events as a civil war on October 25, which pushed them to choose one of the opposing sides. However, it was only on October 28 that the Duma issued a proclamation pointing to the fratricidal war, directly accusing the Bolsheviks of unleashing it.
“Something mysterious”: nominalization of Russian and German adjectives and participles after pronouns
Authors: Pavlova Anna V.
Published: December 2024

Despite the absence of prohibitions on nominalizing adjectives and participles in the Russian language and the seemingly productive nature of the nominalization model, occasional nominalizations are relatively rare in Russian texts, which becomes noticeable when compared to other languages, such as German. In approximately 50% of cases of German-to-Russian translations, German occasional nominalizations of adjectives and participles are not translated using equivalent forms in the target language. At the same time, almost all cases of German nominalized adjectives after pronouns — like etwas, einiges, nichts, viel, wenig, among others, which correspond to Russian indefinite pronouns нечто, что-то, кое-что, много, мало, etc. — are translated using complete equivalents. The difficulties with occasional nominalizations of adjectives in Russian and the complexities of translation are closely interconnected. This article presents a hypothesis regarding the reasons for the problematics in nominalization without the support of pronouns and the simplicity of the same operation when they are involved.
Evolution of the foreword form in the poems by V. S. Soloviev and V. Ya Bryusov
Authors: Cherkasova Ekaterina A. , Chubrikova Angelica R.
Published: December 2024

This article considers the genre features of authorial forewords in three books of poetry by V. S. Soloviev and nine by V. Ya. Bryusov from the standpoint of ideological, thematic, and structural evolution. Soloviev, relying on the other 19th c. Russian poets’ experience in composing prefaces, develops form- and content-specific components of prefaces in his three lifetime poems editions. Being both a younger contemporary of the lyricists who created and continued the benchmark examples of Russian poetry, and a teacher for the poets of the emerging poetic movement (Symbolism), Soloviev deliberately builds his prefaces as an ideological link connecting the two poetic generations. The prefaces in Soloviev’s and Bryusov’s books play important roles as both poets were contemporaries in a creative dialog actively working to understand the Russian poetical traditions and to identify its best examples, as well as to formulate the new poetry’s tasks. The article presents Bryusov’s innovative solutions and artistic findings as the author of ten prefaces to nine books of poetry. The key features include broadening of the genre form, expansion of the list of addressees, and transformation of the address’s purpose regarding the historic and literary context. Solovyov and Bryusov construct their prefaces to form a special metatextual unity, necessary, among other things, to create a unique form of dialog with their contemporaries and followers, as well as an important individual authorial statement about the goals and tasks of art and the creator.
Preferential system for participants in business transactions to receive self-securing tax benefit
Authors: Ilyin Andrey V.
Published: December 2024

This article studies a set of tax relations, in which the tax base or tax is reduced by the amounts which are accrued (paid) by the taxpayer to the counterparty and which are a tax benefit. Such taxes are systematically used by taxpayers to reduce tax liabilities by involving problematic counterparties in business transactions and artificially increasing tax benefits. This research aims to develop a preferential voluntarily applied system of self-sufficiency of taxpayer’s tax benefit for small and medium-sized businesses, stimulating thus organizations and individual entrepreneurs to refuse fictitious business transactions. The author has formulated the conditions for the application of this system, a set of incentives that provide competitive advantages to taxpayers applying it. The developed system aims at reliable tax declaration of business transactions by the taxpayer, a choice of law-abiding counterparty, transparency of business activities, and open interaction with the tax authority. The results show the importance of providing organizations and individual entrepreneurs with an opportunity to choose between different institutional regimes in taxation, as well as involving small and medium-sized businesses in the process of reducing fictitious business transactions, thus, decreasing the tax burden for them.
The image of a policeman in TV series in the context of global transformations (based on the materials of content analysis)
Authors: Kargapolova Ekaterina V.
Published: December 2024

The police in stable social systems are one of the most important factors in maintaining order and ensuring the freedom of citizens. At the same time, the analysis of scientific literature shows signs of a dysfunctional position of the police in postmodern society. The media image of a policeman is also ambiguous, which actualizes its study. The purpose of this study is to analyze the image of police officers in domestic and foreign TV series, which make up a significant part of media texts. The main research method is content analysis. The novelty of the study is as follows. The presence of media images of an overweight, small-stature policeman has been recorded, which is at odds with the ideal of a courageous hero-defender. A trend has been revealed to replace an older man who is not perfect in appearance with an ideal young woman. This indicates the deflation of the postmodern serial culture of traditional ideas about both a woman and a male defender. It is shown that most often in television series, police officers perform the functions of protecting public order, solving crimes related to physical violence in risky conditions. This characterizes the modern social system as unstable. and such media images only perpetuate instability. In about half of the cases, the professional moral principles of police work are not respected, which also indicates the pathology of the social organism. It is recorded that in domestic TV series, the law enforcement officer adheres to professional principles more often than in foreign ones. But in terms of personal qualities, police officers in domestic TV series are inferior to their colleagues in foreign TV series. In general, the media image of a policeman reflects the realities of postmodern society in the blurring of law enforcement in the absence of the basis of the social system — moral principles and requires prompt revision in the face of the challenges that Russia faces as the vanguard of the formation of a new multipolar just world order based on law and law.
Methodology for studying university educational communities as the basis for the interaction within the academic space at universities
Authors: Narkhov Dmitry Yu.
Published: December 2024

The relevance of studying university educational communities of higher education is determined by several factors. They include the ambiguity of reforming Russian and university academia, as well as the presence of many inconsistencies, inequalities, and contradictions within this field. This explains the need to bring research activities to a qualitatively new level. A hypothesis is put forward about the insufficient readiness of university research and its main actors —research and teaching workers (RTW), students and administrative and managerial workers (AMW) — to implement the functions of ensuring the key tasks of sustainable development of society. As a tool for overcoming the contradictions between them and a new way of organizing the interaction of university educational communities, the organization of the university scientific space in the form of a scientific ecosystem is proposed. This article aims to determine the methodological approaches to studying university educational communities and the interaction between them in the university academic space. The methods under study are the community, resource, and typological approaches. Their definitions are given, characteristics of the initial theories are presented, principles and rules for studying the communities of the RTW, students and AMW and their interaction within the framework of the named approaches are proposed. The results show their possible use as a foundation for a methodological program for studying educational communities and their interaction at universities as a special resource for developing research in higher education of the region and federal district (macroregion).
The sociology of film: existential assessments of audience practices
Authors: Andrianova Elena V. , Davydenko Vladimir A. , Chernenko Anzhelika S.
Published: December 2024

This article describes the current state of the sociology of film theory, organically integrated into the current filmmaking expressive means and practices. The focus of research is directed at the formulation and authorial solution of the problem of audience’s existential sensitivity and related practices, which represent a unique value of both their receptivity and vulnerability in connection with their personal experiences of film consumption. Currently, two new processes are going on simultaneously in global and Russian social science: firstly, the broadening subject-matter of film sociology, embedded in the public life; secondly, existential sociology returning to the issues of choosing authentic existence and, thus, obtaining new impetus. The article presents the theoretical deployment of the theory of existence as one of the newest approaches in existential and social research; it reveals the scientific novelty of its theoretical part, based on the interpretation of meetings between cinema and the viewer. Based on a representative survey of visitors to Tyumen cinemas (2,502 people; spring 2024); the authors have identified existential narratives of media and viewers and analyzed groups of similar films listed in the IMDb (Internet Movie Database), the world’s largest movie database, and in Kinopoisk. The article aims to clarify the existential assessments of film audiences’ practices. Th methods include parallel procedures of the sociology of cinema analysis, modern theories of existence, and the empiricists involved. The existential dimension of the meanings and significance of filmmaking marks a conceptual breakthrough in answering the fundamental question: “How exactly does the social construction of modern cinema represent the areas of being and existence of the world and the individual?”. The most popular films are the ones which refer to familiar plots and favorite characters, and which reinterpret old stories by the new film industry, thus, sacrificing the semantic fullness and content of the cinema in favor of new modern aesthetic filmmaking technologies.
Improving the efficiency of modeling inflow to gas-condensate horizontal wells using an inflow profiling tool
Authors: Vasiliev Bogdan L. , Musakaev Nail G.
Published: December 2024

The development of hydrocarbon deposits using horizontal wells makes it possible to achieve profitable flow rates with minimal depression and increase the oil recovery factor. Having launched and running a horizontal well, it is necessary to conduct field geophysical surveys to assess the condition of the wellbore and optimize development. But when conducting and interpreting such studies, difficulties may arise with the qualitative and quantitative determination of such an important indicator as the inflow profile, which may indicate the low information content of the study. The negative impact of this factor on the production of hydrocarbon raw materials can act as a significant reason for significant miscalculations in the develop­ment of hydrocarbon fields. This paper discusses the main reasons for the low information content of field geophysical surveys in wells with horizontal completion, as well as ways to improve the accuracy of survey data. The goal of the work is to create a digital tool for determining the profile of fluid inflow to gas horizontal production wells based on well barometry data, which can complement or replace mechanical flow metering, which is low-informative in many cases. A description of the calculation methodology is presented and the effectiveness of the created tool is verified based on real field data. Its effectiveness has been shown by calculation; the calculated pressure diagram has good convergence with field data, and the calculated flow rate also coincides with the actual flow rate. The risks and further improvements of the proposed tool are assessed.
New approaches to core samples preparation from bituminous reservoir rocks in Eastern Siberia
Authors: Zagidullin Maxim I. , Potapov Artyom G. , Molokov Pavel S. , Dudnik Alina N. , Mikhailenko Olga V.
Published: December 2024

Numerous bitumen occurrences are widely developed on the territory of the Siberian platform, some of which are not infrequently associated with oil and gas condensate deposits. Bitumen accumulations from small inclusions to large zones in reservoirs negatively affect the filtration-capacitance properties of the rock and have low productivity during well testing. This paper studies the selection of optimal solvent and extraction time for removal of mobile oil hydrocarbons and maximum possible preservation of bitumen in the pore space, as well as the estimation of bitumen content in core samples by pyrolytic method before and after extraction. The object of research is rocks of oil-saturated formation B1 of one of the fields of Eastern Siberia. Using the pyrolytic method and visual inspection, core pieces with preserved saturation were selected from the maximum bituminous-saturated zone. Extraction was carried out on crushed rock in 8 different solvents from 1 to 72 hours. Based on the results of the extraction of crushed rock, 2 solvents were chosen for gentle extraction of samples — hexane and petroleum ether — and 2 solvents for complete extraction of samples — toluene and chloroform. The next step involved the extraction of samples: 2 bitumen-saturated samples and 10 plugs (the sample and plugs were taken from the same sampling site) of the B1 formation, represented by bitumen-saturated dolomite. Studies on core samples were carried out by pyrolytic method, nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR), and gas-volumetric method at preserved saturation and after extraction from 1 hour to 28 days. A full extraction is not necessary to determine the total porosity of bituminised core samples. Porosity can be determined at any time of extraction, even if extraction is not yet complete or only a gentle extraction with bitumen preservation has been carried out.
Antioxidant Nutraceuticals: Their Adjunct Role in the Management of COVID-19 Infections and Post-COVID Syndrome
Authors: Mojgani Naheed , Dadar Maryam , Shahali Youcef , Simal-Gandara Jesus , Kumar Prashant , Ashique Sumel , Bhowmick Mithun , Kumar Himanshu
Published: December 2024

The COVID-19 epidemic in recent years has been produced by various coronavirus strains that nearly destroyed world health policies and economics. Emerging viral strains exac-erbated the pandemic. Huge investments have been made in preventative vaccines to combat the disease, but the genetic instability of these viruses has hampered their usefulness. However, in addition to traditional therapeutic approaches, nutraceuticals have been considered effica-cious in preventing and or treating COVID-19 and post-COVID syndrome. In this context, nutraceuticals such as vitamins or dietary supplements including multiple vitamins and miner-als and propolis have been widely studied for their significant impact on viral respiratory dis-eases like SARS-CoV-2 and COVID-19. Some of these nutraceuticals having antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and immune-modulatory properties have been highly recommended for use as an adjunct option to moderate the adverse effects associated with the COVID-19 pandemic. In this review, we intend to present the recent understanding and converse scientific implications for the use of nutraceutical antioxidants such as vitamins, minerals, probiotics, and polyphenols like bee propolis, in the management of viral respiratory diseases and post-COVID-19 syn-drome. Future challenges and limitations regarding the use and bioavailability of these ingre-dients, and dose-response studies are further emphasized.
Review of Advancements and Future Directions in the Fabrication of Microchannel Heat Sinks for Electronic Cooling
Authors: Bal Sasmita , Oza Ankit D. , Kumar Manoj
Published: December 2024

With the increasing demand for enhanced thermal performance and energy efficiency,
microchannel heat sinks (MCHSs) have garnered significant attention as an effective method for
dissipating the heat flux from thermal systems. Microchannel heat sinks have widespread applications
in electronic devices, offering superior heat removal rates and ensuring optimal performance
and durability. The fabrication of microchannels has been a long-standing challenge that has spurred
continuous research efforts. Innovative techniques have emerged to address this challenge, leading
to ongoing research aimed at the development of more efficient and contemporary cooling methods.
This review comprehensively explores various microchannel fabrication techniques including photolithography,
wire EDM, ultrasonic microfabrication, and etching. In addition, it provides insights
into the selection of appropriate substrate materials. Extensive literature surveys have been conducted
to compile a wealth of knowledge regarding these fabrication techniques. Furthermore, a detailed
discussion is presented on the advantages and disadvantages of these fabrication methods, considering
factors such as time efficiency, cost analysis, surface finish, product quality, and practical applications.
While the review covers a broad spectrum of microchannel fabrication techniques, it places
particular emphasis on the emerging 3D printing technology for microchannel fabrication, recognizing
its potential to revolutionize the field.
Development of Nanoemulsion-Based Gel of Betulin for the Treatment of Psoriasis-Like Skin Inflammation in a Small Animal Model
Authors: Prakash Dev , Chaudhari Anjali
Published: December 2024

Introduction/ Background:

This study aimed to introduce a gel (NEG) formulation containing
betulin-loaded nanoemulsions for topical psoriasis treatment.

Materials and Methods:

The prepared nanoemulsions were optimized for smaller particle size and
higher drug content using a response surface methodology that exhibited uniform distribution and
high drug loading (21.17±3.55%).

Results:

The gel demonstrated skin-compatible pH and good spreadability. The developed gel
showed slower release compared to nanoemulsion. In vivo pharmacokinetics demonstrated elevated
AUC (55835.1 μg/cm2.h) and extended Tmax (720 min) for the gel than NE, indicating extended
skin retention. Improved skin hydration (35%) and lipid content (28%) were observed, along with
significant reductions in PASI scores and cytokine levels.

Discussion:

Provided with enhanced skin retention, improved hydration, and lipid content, along
with significant therapeutic efficacy in psoriasis treatment, betulin-loaded nanoemulsion gel demonstrated
prolonged drug release and notably reduced PASI scores and cytokine levels, highlighting its
effectiveness against psoriasis.

Conclusion:

This highlights the promising potential of NEG for topical psoriasis management.
Deep Neural Network Framework for Predicting Cardiovascular Diseases from ECG Signals
Authors: Soni Tanishq , Gupta Deepali , Uppal Mudita , Juneja Sapna , Gulzar Yonis , Ghafoor Kayhan Zrar
Published: December 2024

Introduction:

Cardio Vascular Disease (CVD), a primary cause of death worldwide,
includes a variety of heart-related disorders like heart failure, arrhythmias, and coronary artery
disease (CAD), where plaque buildup narrows the heart muscle's blood vessels and causes angina
or heart attacks. Genetics, congenital anomalies, bad diet, lack of exercise, smoking, and
chronic diseases including hypertension and diabetes can cause cardiac disease.

Method:

The symptoms can range from chest pain and shortness of breath to exhaustion and
palpitations and diagnosis usually involves a medical history, physical examination, and electrocardiograms
(ECGs), and stress testing. Lifestyle adjustments, medicines, angioplasty, and
bypass grafts or heart transplants are possible treatments. Preventive measures include healthy
living, risk factor management, and frequent checkups, which are few measures, whereas advanced
algorithms can analyze massive volumes of ECG and MRI data to find patterns and
anomalies that humans may overlook.

Results:

The deep learning models increase arrhythmia, coronary artery disease, and heart failure
diagnosis accuracy and speed. They enable predictive analytics, early intervention, and personalized
treatment programs, increasing cardiac care results. The proposed DNN model consists
of a 3-layer architecture having input, hidden, and output layers. In the hidden layer, 2
layers, namely, the dense layer and batch normalization layer are added to enhance its accuracy.

Conclusion:

Three different optimizers namely Adam, AdaGrad, and AdaDelta are tested on
50 epochs and 32 batch sizes for predicting cardiovascular disease. Adam optimizer has the
highest accuracy of 85% using the proposed deep neural network.
Artificial Intelligence for Cardiovascular Diseases
Authors: Lari Mohd Qasid , Kumar Deepak , Kumar Ajay , Murti Yogesh , Yadav Prashant Kumar , Kumar Dileep
Published: December 2024

Globally, cardiovascular disease [CVD] continues to be a major cause of death. Advancements
in Artificial Intelligence [AI] in recent times present revolutionary opportunities for
the diagnosis, treatment, and prevention of this condition. In this paper, we review mainly the
applications of AI in CVDs with its limitations and challenges. Artificial intelligence [AI] algorithms
can quickly and precisely analyze medical images, such as CT scans, X-rays, and ECGs,
helping with early and more accurate identification of a variety of CVD diseases. To identify
those who are at a high risk of getting CVD, AI models can also analyze patient data. This allows
for early intervention and preventive measures. AI systems are also capable of analyzing
complicated medical data to provide individualized therapy recommendations based on the requirements
and traits of each patient. During patient meetings, AI-powered solutions can also
help healthcare practitioners by offering real-time insights and recommendations, which may
improve treatment outcomes. Machine learning [ML], which is a branch of AI and computer
sciences, has also been employed to uncover complex interactions among clinical variables,
leading to more accurate predictive models for major adverse cardiovascular events [MACE]
like combining clinical data with stress test results has improved the detection of myocardial ischemia,
enhancing the ability to predict future cardiovascular outcomes. In this paper, we will
focus on the current AI applications in different CVDs. Also, precision medicine, and targeted
therapy for these cardiovascular problems will be discussed.
Cable Fault Detection Based on Improved Deep Convolutional Neural Network
Authors: Chen Xin , Xue Hongxiang , Yang Xing , Ding Qi'an
Published: December 2024

Background:

The high-voltage cable is a critical component in power transmission
systems, making regular inspections essential for the timely detection of potential hazards,
schedule maintenance, and avoiding safety accidents.

Objective:

This paper aims to use deep learning algorithms to improve the precision and timeliness
of cable fault detection, thereby ensuring safe and secure power system operation.

Methods:

Automatic cable fault detection based on YOLOv8s was conducted in the study in
order to assist the power sector in automatically detecting cable faults.

Results:

PConv and BiFPN networks were added to the backbone network to improve the feature
fusion performance of the model. To enhance the model's identification capabilities, the
WIoU loss function was modified.

Conclusion:

The proposed method allows for the rapid detection of cable faults by analyzing
three common fault types: "thunderbolt," "wear," and "break." By deploying this approach on
edge computing devices mounted on UAVs, automatic inspection of power faults can be effectively
achieved.
History of MERS-CoV
Authors: Tehseen Sana , Sidra-Tul-Muntaha  , Saeed Muhammad , Rahim Kashif , Iqbal Muhammad Zeeshan , Hussain Firasat , Younas Umair
Published: December 2024

The Middle East respiratory syndrome-coronavirus (MERS-CoV) is a rising
threat to the whole world’s health security. It is considered a new epidemic. It is a fatal
respiratory disease with an elevated death rate. In humans, it produces low respiratory
tract infections. The virus originated from bats but serological studies were conducted.
The evidence of the studies proved that the antibodies of the MERS-CoV were reported
in the camels of the Middle Eastern countries that first tested positive for the virus.
Thus, these camels were considered the hosts of the MERS-CoV. MERS-CoV may be
an animal disease virus that may cause secondary human infections. Camelus
dromedarius camels are known as the host. Symptoms include fever (98%), shortness
of breath (72%), cough (83%), and myalgia (32%). Other symptoms were also seen:
26% of patients had diarrhea and 21% had vomiting. Diagnosis consists of
nasopharyngeal swabs, sputum, tracheal aspirates, and broncho alveolar lavage. There
is no vaccine or specific treatment for MERS-CoV, although many vaccines and
treatments for the virus are being developed. The patient's health condition determines
the type of treatment. The ongoing advancement of technologies to systematically and
reliably diagnose asymptomatic MERS-CoV infections will shed light on the virus's
true prevalence in the human population.