bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
BRINCANDO COM A MATEMÁTICA E APRENDENDO O PRINCÍPIO FUNDAMENTAL DA CONTAGEM
Authors: Cedro Wellington Lima , Araujo Fabio Moreira de , Ribeiro Humberto Irineu Chaves
Published: January 2016

Nos dias atuais uma grande parte da população encontra dificuldades em compreender os conhecimentos matemáticos. Pensando nesse problema elaboramos essa proposta pedagógica para o ensino da análise combinatória. Deste modo, este trabalho é um relato de experiência de ensino, desenvolvida com estudantes do ensino médio de uma escola pública federal, que discute uma proposta pedagógica para o princípio fundamental da contagem. Seu objetivo é o de possibilitar aos alunos a compreensão dos conceitos matemáticos, utilizando-se de atividades lúdicas. Para elaborarmos tais atividades baseamos principalmente em Moura e na Teoria histórico-cultural. Com este trabalho observamos avanços na construção e compartilhamento do conhecimento dos discentes propiciado por meio da atividade de ensino direcionada ao ensino do princípio fundamental da contagem.
APRENDIZAGEM SIGNIFICATIVA NO ENSINO DE CIÊNCIAS: O SISTEMA LOCOMOTOR NO COTIDIANO DOS ESTUDANTES
Authors: Souza Simony Suely Paes , Santana Andre Ribeiro , Nakayama Luiza
Published: January 2016

O objetivo desta pesquisa foi descrever e avaliar qualitativamente as atividades sequenciais utilizadas no ensino do sistema locomotor, para estudantes de sétima série, tendo como motivações principais oportunizar aprendizagens significativas. Programamos cinco momentos: 1. Distribuição dos ossos e músculos no molde do corpo humano; 2. Visita à Academia de Ginástica Z; 3. Aula ministrada na quadra de esportes da escola; 4. Releitura crítica do livro didático e 5. Produção de um CD-ROM. Concluímos que aulas planejadas na perspectiva da interdisciplinaridade propiciam uma aprendizagem significativa, quando levam em consideração conhecimentos prévios e nas quais os alunos têm a oportunidade de compartilhar dúvidas, opiniões e, literalmente, manusear neste processo, para construir respostas vinculadas às apreensões dos conteúdos abordados. Neste processo, é necessário que o professor esteja atento, avaliando os alunos em todos os momentos e fazendo autorreflexão, a fim de aperfeiçoar competências e habilidades.
SABERES DA NATUREZA E ALFABETIZAÇÃO CIENTÍFICA: O COTIDIANO DE UM CENTRO DE EDUCAÇÃO INFANTIL
Authors: Rogerio Aline , Schroeder Edson
Published: January 2016

Apresentamos uma investigação feita em um Centro de Educação Infantil que consistiu em entrevista com quatro professoras e a coleta de registros no “Livro da Vida” e Projeto Pedagógico. Era objetivo descrever o planejamento das atividades e identificar linguagens utilizadas na abordagem sobre saberes da natureza. Como metodologia de análise utilizamos a Análise do Conteúdo a partir de categorias definidas a priori. O planejamento referencia-se nos saberes cotidianos das crianças, associados à curiosidade e as atividades mobilizam o interesse coletivo, investigação, contato com a natureza e registros. Valoriza-se sensibilização e respeito pela vida por intermédio das diferentes linguagens. 
A APRENDIZAGEM DO CONCEITO DE FUNÇÃO AFIM COM O AUXÍLIO SOFTWARE GEOGEBRA.
Authors: Dos Santos Gomes Pereira Rudolph , Damin Willian , Da Silva Armando Paulo
Published: January 2016

Este artigo apresenta uma atividade cujo objetivo foi verificar a aprendizagem do conceito de função afim. Para tanto, descreve-se a atividade, na qual os alunos em seu desenvolvimento realizaram registros escritos acerca do conceito estudado, o que subsidiou a compreensão qualitativa da aprendizagem deste conceito por meio da análise de conteúdo de Bardin (2009). Ao analisar identificaram-se alguns problemas na aprendizagem do conceito de função afim, porém, o uso do software Geogebra possibilitou a construção do conhecimento pelos alunos, durante o processo de visualização, baseando-se em conceitos previamente aprendidos como também a modificação de outros apropriados de maneira incorreta. Verificou-se que a construção do conhecimento e a verificação da aprendizagem podem ser realizados com o auxílio das TIC, uma vez que estas constituem contexto e podem proporcionar o aprendizado da Matemática além de permitir a análise da prática docente.
EFEITOS DE COLONIALIDADE NO CURRÍCULO DE CIÊNCIAS DO ENSINO SECUNDÁRIO EM TIMOR–LESTE
Authors: Cassiani Suzani , Barbosa Alessandro Tomaz
Published: January 2016

Este artigo tem como objetivo investigar na literatura e nos documentos nacionais do Timor-Leste, aspectos referentes ao contexto histórico da construção curricular do Ensino Secundário Geral e ainda realizar algumas reflexões sobre a implantação do mesmo. Adotamos nesse trabalho, alguns referenciais teóricos baseados nas teorias do currículo, colonialidade e outros estudos latino-americanos que relacionam ciência, tecnologia e sociedade e teorias dos discursos para refletir e discutir a construção curricular do ESG. Os resultados sinalizam que construção desse currículo se deu principalmente por instituições portuguesas responsáveis e teve pouca participação dos timorenses, caracterizando uma construção curricular de cima para baixo. A partir disso, conclui-se a necessidade de aprofundar no contexto timorense aspectos da transnacionalização do currículo e estudos de descolonização do saber, para que possamos construir saídas mais emancipadoras. 
DISCUSSÕES EPISTEMOLÓGICAS: CONTRIBUIÇÕES PARA A EDUCAÇÃO EM SAÚDE REALIZADA NO ENSINO DE CIÊNCIAS
Authors: Venturi Tiago
Published: January 2016

Este artigo teórico discute a problemática que envolve o ensino-aprendizagem da Educação em Saúde no Ensino de Ciências. Atualmente a Educação em Saúde é desenvolvida na escola visando a mudança de comportamento dos alunos após passarem por processos de ensinoaprendizagem, objetivos estes, muitas vezes, tributários de enfoques ultrapassados e oriundos de áreas não educacionais. Sendo assim, este estudo tem o objetivo de analisar e discutir a impossibilidade de alcançar tais objetivos. Para tanto, busca-se argumentos e fundamentos nos perfis conceituais (Mortimer) e perfis espitemológicos (Bachelard), modelos cognitivos que explicam a aprendizagem, a forma de compreensão e ação dos alunos, integrando o contexto neste processo. Como contribuições para a área, traz-se proposições para dos objetivos para a Educação em Saúde no Ensino de Ciências.[...].
Preferential interaction of the Alzheimer peptide Aβ‐(1–42) with Omega‐3‐containing lipid bilayers: structure and interaction studies
Authors: Emendato Alessandro , Spadaccini Roberta , De Santis Augusta , Guerrini Remo , D'Errico Gerardino , Picone Delia
Published: January 2016

Many age‐related neurodegenerative diseases, including Alzheimer Disease (AD), are elicited by an interplay of genetic, environmental, and dietary factors. Food rich in Omega‐3 phospholipids seems to reduce the AD incidence. To investigate the molecular basis of this beneficial effect, we have investigated by CD and ESR studies the interaction between the Alzheimer peptide Aβ‐(1–42) and biomimetic lipid bilayers. The inclusion of 1,2‐didocosahexaenoyl‐sn‐glycero‐3‐phosphocholine does not change significantly the bilayers organization, but favors its Aβ‐(1–42) interaction. The Omega‐3 lipid amount modulates the effect intensity, suggesting a peptide selectivity for membranes containing polyunsatured fatty acids (PUFA) and providing hints for the mechanism and therapy of AD.
Van Allen Probes, THEMIS, GOES, and Cluster observations of EMIC waves, ULF pulsations, and an electron flux dropout
Authors: Sigsbee K. , Kletzing C. A. , Smith C. W. , MacDowall R. , Spence H. , Reeves G. , Blake J. B. , Baker D. N. , Green J. C. , Singer H. J. , Carr C. , Santolík O.
Published: January 2016

We examined an electron flux dropout during the 12–14 November 2012 geomagnetic storm using observations from seven spacecraft: the two Van Allen Probes, Time History of Events and Macroscale Interactions during Substorms (THEMIS)‐A (P5), Cluster 2, and Geostationary Operational Environmental Satellites (GOES) 13, 14, and 15. The electron fluxes for energies greater than 2.0 MeV observed by GOES 13, 14, and 15 at geosynchronous orbit and by the Van Allen Probes remained at or near instrumental background levels for more than 24 h from 12 to 14 November. For energies of 0.8 MeV, the GOES satellites observed two shorter intervals of reduced electron fluxes. The first interval of reduced 0.8 MeV electron fluxes on 12–13 November was associated with an interplanetary shock and a sudden impulse. Cluster, THEMIS, and GOES observed intense He+ electromagnetic ion cyclotron (EMIC) waves from just inside geosynchronous orbit out to the magnetopause across the dayside to the dusk flank. The second interval of reduced 0.8 MeV electron fluxes on 13–14 November was associated with a solar sector boundary crossing and development of a geomagnetic storm with Dst < −100 nT. At the start of the recovery phase, both the 0.8 and 2.0 MeV electron fluxes finally returned to near prestorm values, possibly in response to strong ultralow frequency (ULF) waves observed by the Van Allen Probes near dawn. A combination of adiabatic effects, losses to the magnetopause, scattering by EMIC waves, and acceleration by ULF waves can explain the observed electron behavior.
Weakening of Jupiter's main auroral emission during January 2014
Authors: Badman S. V. , Bonfond B. , Fujimoto M. , Gray R. L. , Kasaba Y. , Kasahara S. , Kimura T. , Melin H. , Nichols J. D. , Steffl A. J. , Tao C. , Tsuchiya F. , Yamazaki A. , Yoneda M. , Yoshikawa I. , Yoshioka K.
Published: January 2016

In January 2014 Jupiter's FUV main auroral oval decreased its emitted power by 70% and shifted equatorward by ∼1°. Intense, low‐latitude features were also detected. The decrease in emitted power is attributed to a decrease in auroral current density rather than electron energy. This could be caused by a decrease in the source electron density, an order of magnitude increase in the source electron thermal energy, or a combination of these. Both can be explained either by expansion of the magnetosphere or by an increase in the inward transport of hot plasma through the middle magnetosphere and its interchange with cold flux tubes moving outward. In the latter case the hot plasma could have increased the electron temperature in the source region and produced the intense, low‐latitude features, while the increased cold plasma transport rate produced the shift of the main oval.
Strike‐slip faulting during the 2014 Bárðarbunga‐Holuhraun dike intrusion, central Iceland
Authors: Ágústsdóttir Thorbjörg , Woods Jennifer , Greenfield Tim , Green Robert G. , White Robert S. , Winder Tom , Brandsdóttir Bryndís , Steinthórsson Sveinbjörn , Soosalu Heidi
Published: January 2016

Over a 13 day period magma propagated laterally from the subglacial Bárðarbunga volcano in the northern rift zone, Iceland. It created > 30,000 earthquakes at 5–7 km depth along a 48 km path before erupting on 29 August 2014. The seismicity, which tracked the dike propagation, advanced in short bursts at 0.3–4.7 km/h separated by pauses of up to 81 h. During each surge forward, seismicity behind the dike tip dropped. Moment tensor solutions from the leading edge show exclusively left‐lateral strike‐slip faulting subparallel to the advancing dike tip, releasing accumulated strain deficit in the brittle layer of the rift zone. Behind the leading edge, both left‐ and right‐lateral strike‐slip earthquakes are observed. The lack of non‐double‐couple earthquakes implies that the dike opening was aseismic.
A subauroral polarization stream driven by field‐aligned currents associated with precipitating energetic ions caused by EMIC waves: A case study
Authors: Yuan Zhigang , Xiong Ying , Qiao Zheng , Li Haimeng , Huang Shiyong , Wang Dedong , Deng Xiaohua , Raita Tero , Wang Jingfang
Published: January 2016

During the energetic ion injection event observed by the Los Alamos National Laboratory geosynchronous spacecraft, observations of the NOAA 15 satellite and Finnish network of search coil magnetometers have shown that a sharp enhancement of precipitating ring current (RC) ion flux is contributed to the pitch angle scattering caused by electromagnetic ion cyclotron (EMIC) waves. At subauroral latitudes, lower than the equatorward edge of precipitating electrons from the plasma sheet, the DMSP F13 satellite observed a subauroral polarization stream (SAPS) with a peak velocity of 688 m/s. When passing the region of EMIC waves derived by the Finnish network of search coil magnetometers and NOAA 15 satellite, the DMSP F13 satellite simultaneously observed field‐aligned currents (FACs) flowing into the ionosphere and precipitating RC ions in the region of the SAPS. The peak of the SAPS accords to the minimum of the ion density in the region of the SAPS. Our result suggests that loss of RC ions caused by EMIC waves would possibly lead to FACs flowing into the ionosphere and drive the SAPS in the evening sector.
Equatorial vertical drift modulation by the lunar and solar semidiurnal tides during the 2013 sudden stratospheric warming
Authors: Maute A. , Fejer B. G. , Forbes J. M. , Zhang X. , Yudin V.
Published: January 2016

During the 2013 stratospheric sudden warming (SSW) period the Jicamarca Unattended Long‐term Investigations of the Ionosphere and Atmosphere (JULIA) radar at Jicarmarca, Peru, observed low‐latitude vertical drift modulation with lows of 0–12 m/s daytime maximum drifts between 6–13 and 22–25 January and enhanced drifts up to 43 m/s between 15 snd 19 January. The NCAR thermosphere‐ionosphere‐mesosphere‐electrodynamics general circulation model reproduces the prevailing vertical drift feature and is used to examine possible causes. The simulations indicate that the modulation of the vertical drift is generated by the beating of the semidiurnal solar SW2 and lunar M2 tides. During the SSW period the beating is observable since the magnitudes of lunar and solar semidiurnal tidal amplitudes are comparable. The theoretical beating frequency between SW2 and M2 is 1/(15.13 day) which may be modified due to phase changes. This study highlights the importance of the lunar tide during SSW periods and indicates that the equatorial vertical drift modulation should be observable at other longitudes as well.
Model CRAC:EPII for atmospheric ionization due to precipitating electrons: Yield function and applications
Authors: Artamonov A. A. , Mishev A. L. , Usoskin I. G.
Published: January 2016

A new model of the family of CRAC models, CRAC:EPII (Cosmic Ray Atmospheric Cascade: Electron Precipitation Induced Ionization), is presented. The model calculates atmospheric ionization induced by precipitating electrons and uses the formalism of ionization yield functions. The CRAC:EPII model is based on a full Monte Carlo simulation of electron propagation and interaction with the air molecules. It explicitly considers various physical processes, namely, pair production, Compton scattering, generation of bremsstrahlung high‐energy photons, photoionization, annihilation of positrons, and multiple scattering. The simulations were performed using GEANT 4 simulation tool PLANETOCOSMICS with NRLMSISE 00 atmospheric model. The CRAC:EPII model is applicable to the entire atmosphere. The results from the simulations are given as look‐up table representing the ionization yield function. The table allows one to compute ionization due to precipitating electrons for a given altitude and location considering a given electron spectrum. Application of the model for computation of ion production during electron precipitation events using spectra from balloon‐borne measurements is presented.
The longevity of lava dome eruptions
Authors: Wolpert Robert L. , Ogburn Sarah E. , Calder Eliza S.
Published: January 2016

Understanding the duration of past, ongoing, and future volcanic eruptions is an important scientific goal and a key societal need. We present a new methodology for forecasting the duration of ongoing and future lava dome eruptions based on a database (DomeHaz) recently compiled by the authors. The database includes duration and composition for 177 such eruptions, with “eruption” defined as the period encompassing individual episodes of dome growth along with associated quiescent periods during which extrusion pauses but unrest continues. In a key finding, we show that probability distributions for dome eruption durations are both heavy tailed and composition dependent. We construct objective Bayesian statistical models featuring heavy‐tailed Generalized Pareto distributions with composition‐specific parameters to make forecasts about the durations of new and ongoing eruptions that depend on both eruption duration to date and composition. Our Bayesian predictive distributions reflect both uncertainty about model parameter values (epistemic uncertainty) and the natural variability of the geologic processes (aleatoric uncertainty). The results are illustrated by presenting likely trajectories for 14 dome‐building eruptions ongoing in 2015. Full representation of the uncertainty is presented for two key eruptions, Soufriére Hills Volcano in Montserrat (10–139 years, median 35 years) and Sinabung, Indonesia (1–17 years, median 4 years). Uncertainties are high but, importantly, quantifiable. This work provides for the first time a quantitative and transferable method and rationale on which to base long‐term planning decisions for lava dome‐forming volcanoes, with wide potential use and transferability to forecasts of other types of eruptions and other adverse events across the geohazard spectrum.
Wind and wave influences on sea ice floe size and leads in the Beaufort and Chukchi Seas during the summer‐fall transition 2014
Authors: Wang Yu , Holt Benjamin , Erick Rogers W. , Thomson Jim , Shen Hayley H.
Published: January 2016

Sea ice floe size distribution and lead properties in the Beaufort and Chukchi Seas are studied in the summer‐fall transition 2014 to examine the impact on the sea ice cover from storms and surface waves. Floe size distributions are analyzed from MEDEA, Landsat8, and RADARSAT‐2 imagery, with a resolution span of 1–100 m. Landsat8 imagery is also used to identify the orientation and spacing of leads. The study period centers around three large wave events during August–September 2014 identified by SWIFT buoys and WAVEWATCH III® model data. The range of floe sizes from different resolutions provides the overall distribution across a wide range of ice properties and estimated thickness. All cumulative floe size distribution curves show a gradual bending toward shallower slopes for smaller floe sizes. The overall slopes in the cumulative floe size distribution curves from Landsat8 images are lower than, while those from RADARSAT‐2 are similar to, previously reported results in the same region and seasonal period. The MEDEA floe size distributions appeared to be sensitive to the passage of storms. Lead orientations, regardless of length, correlate slightly better with the peak wave direction than with the mean wave direction. Their correlation with the geostrophic wind is stronger than with the surface wind. The spacing between shorter leads correlates well with the local incoming surface wavelengths, obtained from the model peak wave frequency. The information derived shows promise for a coordinated multisensor study of storm effects in the Arctic marginal ice zone.
Comparison of effects of cold‐region soil/snow processes and the uncertainties from model forcing data on permafrost physical characteristics
Authors: Barman Rahul , Jain Atul K.
Published: January 2016

We used a land surface model to (1) evaluate the influence of recent improvements in modeling cold‐region soil/snow physics on near‐surface permafrost physical characteristics (within 0–3 m soil column) in the northern high latitudes (NHL) and (2) compare them with uncertainties from climate and land‐cover data sets. Specifically, four soil/snow processes are investigated: deep soil energetics, soil organic carbon (SOC) effects on soil properties, wind compaction of snow, and depth hoar formation. In the model, together they increased the contemporary NHL permafrost area by 9.2 × 106 km2 (from 2.9 to 12.3—without and with these processes, respectively) and reduced historical degradation rates. In comparison, permafrost area using different climate data sets (with annual air temperature difference of ∼0.5°C) differed by up to 2.3 × 106 km2, with minimal contribution of up to 0.7 × 106 km2 from substantial land‐cover differences. Individually, the strongest role in permafrost increase was from deep soil energetics, followed by contributions from SOC and wind compaction, while depth hoar decreased permafrost. The respective contribution on 0–3 m permafrost stability also followed a similar pattern. However, soil temperature and moisture within vegetation root zone (∼0–1 m), which strongly influence soil biogeochemistry, were only affected by the latter three processes. The ecosystem energy and water fluxes were impacted the least due to these soil/snow processes. While it is evident that simulated permafrost physical characteristics benefit from detailed treatment of cold‐region biogeophysical processes, we argue that these should also lead to integrated improvements in modeling of biogeochemistry.
GNSS‐ISR data fusion: General framework with application to the high‐latitude ionosphere
Authors: Semeter Joshua , Hirsch Michael , Lind Frank , Coster Anthea , Erickson Philip , Pankratius Victor
Published: January 2016

A mathematical framework is presented for the fusion of electron density measured by incoherent scatter radar (ISR) and total electron content (TEC) measured using global navigation satellite systems (GNSS). Both measurements are treated as projections of an unknown density field (for GNSS‐TEC the projection is tomographic; for ISR the projection is a weighted average over a local spatial region) and discrete inverse theory is applied to obtain a higher fidelity representation of the field than could be obtained from either modality individually. The specific implementation explored herein uses the interpolated ISR density field as initial guess to the combined inverse problem, which is subsequently solved using maximum entropy regularization. Simulations involving a dense meridional network of GNSS receivers near the Poker Flat ISR demonstrate the potential of this approach to resolve sub‐beam structure in ISR measurements. Several future directions are outlined, including (1) data fusion using lower level (lag product) ISR data, (2) consideration of the different temporal sampling rates, (3) application of physics‐based regularization, (4) consideration of nonoptimal observing geometries, and (5) use of an ISR simulation framework for optimal experiment design.
Metabolism of mineral‐sorbed organic matter and microbial lifestyles in fluvial ecosystems
Authors: Hunter William Ross , Niederdorfer Robert , Gernand Anna , Veuger Bart , Prommer Judith , Mooshammer Maria , Wanek Wolfgang , Battin Tom J
Published: January 2016

In fluvial ecosystems mineral erosion, carbon (C), and nitrogen (N) fluxes are linked via organomineral complexation, where dissolved organic molecules bind to mineral surfaces. Biofilms and suspended aggregates represent major aquatic microbial lifestyles whose relative importance changes predictably through fluvial networks. We tested how organomineral sorption affects aquatic microbial metabolism, using organomineral particles containing a mix of 13C, 15N‐labeled amino acids. We traced 13C and 15N retention within biofilm and suspended aggregate biomass and its mineralization. Organomineral complexation restricted C and N retention within biofilms and aggregates and also their mineralization. This reduced the efficiency with which biofilms mineralize C and N by 30% and 6%. By contrast, organominerals reduced the C and N mineralization efficiency of suspended aggregates by 41% and 93%. Our findings show how organomineral complexation affects microbial C:N stoichiometry, potentially altering the biogeochemical fate of C and N within fluvial ecosystems.
A High‐Energy‐Density Multiple Redox Semi‐Solid‐Liquid Flow Battery
Authors: Chen Hongning , Lu Yi‐Chun
Published: January 2016

A new concept of multiple redox semi‐solid‐liquid (MRSSL) flow battery that takes advantage of active materials in both liquid and solid phases, is proposed and demonstrated. Liquid lithium iodide (LiI) electrolyte and solid sulfur/carbon (S/C) composite, forming LiI‐S/C MRSSL catholyte, are employed to demonstrate this concept. Record volumetric capacity (550 Ah L−1catholyte) is achieved using highly concentrated and synergistic multiple redox reactions of LiI and sulfur. The liquid LiI electrolyte is found to increase the reversible volumetric capacity of the catholyte, improve the electrochemical utilization of the S/C composite, and reduce the viscosity of catholyte. A continuous flow test is demonstrated and the influence of the flow rate on the flow battery performance is discussed. The MRSSL flow battery concept transforms inactive component into bi‐functional active species and creates synergistic interactions between multiple redox couples, offering a new direction and wide‐open opportunities to develop high‐energy‐density flow batteries.
Coupled fluid‐particle modeling of a slot die coating system
Authors: Akbarzadeh V. , Hrymak A. N.
Published: January 2016

This work seeks to develop a fundamental understanding of particle motion in the slot die coating process through studying the interaction of forces between particles, with the die walls and the fluid phase. Coupled computational fluid dynamics and the discrete element method is employed for evaluating the motion of individual suspended particles near moving surfaces in a complex three‐dimensional flow field, motivated by the flow of particle laden fluid in a slot die coating system, including the presence of free surfaces. Overall, the particles follow the flow streamlines and their final position in the coating depends on the initial entry region of the particles. Particles experiencing adhesion with each other agglomerate in the low velocity regions of the coating gap, and have long residence times near the edge of the die at the end of the feed slot in the coating gap. © 2016 American Institute of Chemical Engineers AIChE J, 62: 1933–1939, 2016
Time to unrelated donor leukocyte infusion is longer, but incidence of GVHD and overall survival are similar for recipients of unrelated DLI compared to matched sibling DLI
Authors: Kumar Anita J. , Vassilev Pavel , Loren Alison W. , Luger Selina M. , Reshef Ran , Gill Saar , Smith Jacqueline , Goldstein Steven C. , Hexner Elizabeth , Stadtmauer Edward A. , Porter David , Frey Noelle V.
Published: January 2016

Donor leukocyte infusion (DLI) is used to treat relapsed leukemia after allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplant (HCT). Data comparing outcomes after unrelated DLI (uDLI) to matched sibling DLI (msDLI) are scant. We performed a retrospective analysis to assess differences in time to administer uDLI versus msDLI, and impact on outcomes. Fifty three patients with relapsed acute myeloid leukemia (AML), acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL), or myelodysplastic syndrome (MDS) after allogeneic HCT received uDLI (n = 18) or msDLI (n = 35) from 2000 to 2011. Median time from relapse to uDLI request was 15 days (range 0–66). Median time from relapse to uDLI was 56 days versus 40 days for msDLI patients (p = 0.034). 35% of msDLI and 44% of uDLI patients developed acute GVHD (p = 0.50). There was no significant difference in Grade C/D GVHD among uDLI and msDLI (28% and 21%, p = 0.58) or median OS after DLI between uDLI and msDLI (95 versus 75 days, p = 0.76). For patients with relapsed acute leukemia and MDS after allogeneic HCT, time from relapse to uDLI was longer than to msDLI, but incidence of GVHD and overall survival were similar. Access to uDLI does not appear to be a barrier to DLI administration. Outcomes unfortunately remain poor regardless of donor source. Am. J. Hematol. 91:426–429, 2016. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Genetically engineered mouse models to evaluate the role of Wnt secretion in bone development and homeostasis
Authors: Williams Bart O.
Published: January 2016

Alterations in components of the Wnt signaling pathway are associated with altered bone development and homeostasis in several human diseases. We created genetically engineered mouse models (GEMMs) that mimic the cellular defect associated with the Porcupine mutations in patients with Goltz Syndrome/Focal Dermal Hypoplasia. These GEMMs were established by utilizing mice containing a conditionally inactivatable allele of Wntless/GPR177 (a gene encoding a protein required for the transport of Porcupine‐modified ligand to the plasma membrane for secretion). We crossed this strain to another which drives cre‐mediated gene deletion in mature osteoblasts (Osteocalcin‐cre) resulted in mice lacking the ability to secrete Wnt ligands in this cell type. These mice displayed severely reduced bone mass and provide a model to understand the effects of disrupting the ability to secrete Wnt ligands on the skeletal system. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Dendritenfreie elektrochemische Abscheidung von nanokristallinem Zink aus einer Nickeltriflat‐haltigen ionischen Flüssigkeit für wiederaufladbare Zn‐Batterien
Authors: Liu Zhen , Cui Tong , Pulletikurthi Giridhar , Lahiri Abhishek , Carstens Timo , Olschewski Mark , Endres Frank
Published: January 2016

Metallisches Zink ist ein vielversprechendes Anodenmaterial für wiederaufladbare Zn‐Batterien, allerdings verhindert das Dendritenwachstum von Zink bisher eine praktische Verwendung. Hier wird gezeigt, dass man nanokristallines Zink durch Versetzen mit Nickeltriflat als Additiv aus einer Zinktriflat enthaltenden ionischen Flüssigkeit dendritenfrei abscheiden kann. Die Bildung einer dünnen Schicht aus einer Zn‐Ni‐Legierung (η‐Phase und γ‐Phase) auf der Elektrodenoberfläche während der ersten Stadien der Abscheidung und die Entstehung von Grenzflächenschichten beeinflussen stark die Keimbildung und das Wachstum des Zinks. Eine einheitliche und nanokristalline Zinkabscheidung mit Partikelgrößen von ca. 25 nm wird in Gegenwart von NiII erzielt. Außerdem wird deutlich, dass dieses nanokristalline Zink eine hohe Zyklenstabilität (50 Abscheide‐/Auflösezyklen) aufweist. Das Konzept, den Elektrolyten, also die ionische Flüssigkeit, mit einem anorganischen Salz zu versetzen, erweist sich für das dendritenfreie Wachstum von Zink als zielführend.
New metal complexes supported on Fe3O4 magnetic nanoparticles as recoverable catalysts for selective oxidation of sulfides to sulfoxides
Authors: Hajjami Maryam , Kolivand Somaye
Published: January 2016

Fe3O4 nanoparticles were coated with aminopropyltriethoxysilane and subsequently reacted with isatin to obtain imine‐bonded Fe3O4 nanoparticles. The addition of ZrOCl2⋅8H2O or CuCl2 led to the formation of complexes of Zr(IV)/isatin@Fe3O4 or Cu (II)/isatin@Fe3O4 as new magnetically separable catalysts. The synthesized catalysts were characterized using various techniques. These catalysts are shown to be efficient for chemo‐selective oxidation of sulfides to sulfoxides using hydrogen peroxide as oxidative agent. This system has many advantages, such as excellent level of reusability of magnetic catalysts, high yields, simplicity of separation of catalysts using an external magnet, environmental benignity and ease of handling. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Study of the binding and energy transfer of erbium ion with rhaponticin and its pharmacokinetics application
Authors: Sun Yang , Wang Wanqiang , Cheng Hua , Jiang Xiangsheng , Wu Junjun
Published: January 2016

Binding and energy transfer of an erbium ion with rhaponticin (RH) was investigated and a simple spectrofluorimetric method was developed for determination of RH using an Er3+ probe. Results using spectra, chromatography and density functional theory (DFT) indicated that binding of Er3+ to RH occurred at the hydroxyl group of C‐11 and at the methoxy group at C‐12 of the conjugated aromatic ring through hydrogen bonding. Resonance energy transfer (RET) occurred from intramolecular charge transfers (ICT), the binding of RH to Er3+ ion induced fluorescence enhancement (FE) of the Er3+ ion. This method was applied to the pharmacokinetic detection of RH. The main advantages of the proposed method compared with previously reported ones are its simplicity and lower cost. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Risk of symptomatic venous thromboembolism following emergency appendicectomy in adults
Authors: Humes D J , Walker A J , Hunt B J , Sultan A A , Ludvigsson J F , West J
Published: January 2016

Background

Appendicectomy is the commonest intra-abdominal emergency surgical procedure, and little is known regarding the magnitude and timing of the risk of venous thromboembolism (VTE) after surgery. This study aimed to determine absolute and relative rates of symptomatic VTE following emergency appendicectomy.

Methods

A cohort study was undertaken using linked primary (Clinical Practice Research Datalink) and secondary (Hospital Episode Statistics) care data of patients who had undergone emergency appendicectomy from 2001 to 2011. Crude rates and adjusted incidence rate ratios (IRRs) for VTE were calculated using Poisson regression, compared with baseline risk in the year before appendicectomy.

Results

A total of 13 441 patients were identified, of whom 56 (0·4 per cent) had a VTE in the first year after surgery. The absolute rate of VTE was highest during the in-hospital period, with a rate of 91·29 per 1000 person-years, which was greatest in those with a length of stay of 7 days or more (267·12 per 1000 person-years). This risk remained high after discharge, with a 19·1- and 6·6-fold increased risk of VTE in the first and second months respectively after discharge, compared with the year before appendicectomy (adjusted IRR: month 1, 19·09 (95 per cent c.i. 9·56 to 38·12); month 2, 6·56 (2·62 to 16·44)).

Conclusion

The risk of symptomatic VTE following appendicectomy is relatively high during the in-hospital admission and remains increased after discharge. Trials of extended thromboprophylaxis are warranted in patients at particularly high risk.
Fully automated open‐source lesion mapping of T2‐FLAIR images with FSL correlates with clinical disability in MS
Authors: Wetter Nathan C. , Hubbard Elizabeth A. , Motl Robert W. , Sutton Bradley P.
Published: January 2016

Background

T2 Lesion Volume (T2LV) has been an important biomarker for multiple sclerosis (MS). Current methods available to quantify lesions from MR images generally require manual adjustments or multiple images with different contrasts. Further, implementations are often not easily or openly accessible.

Objective

We created a fully unsupervised, single T2 FLAIR image T2LV quantification package based on the popular open‐source imaging toolkit FSL.

Methods

By scripting various processing tools in FSL, we developed an image processing pipeline that distinguishes normal brain tissue from CSF and lesions. We validated our method by hierarchical multiple regression (HMR) with a preliminary study to see if our T2LVs correlate with clinical disability measures in MS when controlled for other variables.

Results

Pearson correlations between T2LV and Expanded Disability Status Scale (EDSS: r = 0.344, P = 0.013), Six‐Minute Walk (6MW: r = −0.513, P = 0.000), Timed 25‐Foot Walk (T25FW: r = −0.438, P = .000), and Symbol Digit Modalities Test (SDMT: r = −0.499, P = 0.000) were all significant. Partial correlations controlling for age were significant between T2LV and 6MW (r = −0.433, P = 0.002), T25FW (r = −0.392, P = 0.004), and SDMT (r = −0.450, P = 0.001). In HMR, T2LV explained significant additional variance in 6MW (R2 change = 0.082, P = 0.020), after controlling for confounding variables such as age, white matter volume (WMV), and gray matter volume (GMV).

Conclusion

Our T2LV quantification software produces T2LVs from a single FLAIR image that correlate with physical disability in MS and is freely available as open‐source software.
Exploring De Novo metabolic pathways from pyruvate to propionic acid
Authors: Stine Andrew , Zhang Miaomin , Ro Soo , Clendennen Stephanie , Shelton Michael C. , Tyo Keith E.J. , Broadbelt Linda J.
Published: January 2016

Industrial biotechnology provides an efficient, sustainable solution for chemical production. However, designing biochemical pathways based solely on known reactions does not exploit its full potential. Enzymes are known to accept non‐native substrates, which may allow novel, advantageous reactions. We have previously developed a computational program named Biological Network Integrated Computational Explorer (BNICE) to predict promiscuous enzyme activities and design synthetic pathways, using generalized reaction rules curated from biochemical reaction databases. Here, we use BNICE to design pathways synthesizing propionic acid from pyruvate. The currently known natural pathways produce undesirable by‐products lactic acid and succinic acid, reducing their economic viability. BNICE predicted seven pathways containing four reaction steps or less, five of which avoid these by‐products. Among the 16 biochemical reactions comprising these pathways, 44% were validated by literature references. More than 28% of these known reactions were not in the BNICE training dataset, showing that BNICE was able to predict novel enzyme substrates. Most of the pathways included the intermediate acrylic acid. As acrylic acid bioproduction has been well advanced, we focused on the critical step of reducing acrylic acid to propionic acid. We experimentally validated that Oye2p from Saccharomyces cerevisiae can catalyze this reaction at a slow turnover rate (10−3 s−1), which was unknown to occur with this enzyme, and is an important finding for further propionic acid metabolic engineering. These results validate BNICE as a pathway‐searching tool that can predict previously unknown promiscuous enzyme activities and show that computational methods can elucidate novel biochemical pathways for industrial applications. © 2016 American Institute of Chemical Engineers Biotechnol. Prog., 32:303–311, 2016
Typing and selection of wild strains of Trichoderma spp. producers of extracellular laccase
Authors: Cázares‐García Saila Viridiana , Arredondo‐Santoyo Marina , Vázquez‐Marrufo Gerardo , Soledad Vázquez‐Garcidueñas Ma. , Robinson‐Fuentes Virginia A. , Gómez‐Reyes Víctor Manuel
Published: January 2016

Using the ITS region and the gene tef1, 23 strains of the genus Trichoderma were identified as belonging to the species T. harzianum (n = 14), T. olivascens (n = 1), T. trixiae (n = 1), T. viridialbum (n = 1), T. tomentosum (n = 2), T. koningii (n = 1), T. atroviride (n = 1), T. viride (n = 1), and T. gamsii (n = 1). Strains expressing extracellular laccase activity were selected by decolorization/oxidation assays in solid media, using azo, anthraquinone, indigoid, and triphenylmethane dyes, and the phenolic substances tannic acid and guaiacol. No strain decolorized Direct Blue 71 or Chicago Blue 6B, but all of them weakly oxidized guaiacol, decolorized Methyl Orange, and efficiently oxidized tannic acid. Based in decolorization/oxidation assays, strains CMU‐1 (T. harzianum), CMU‐8 (T. atroviride), CMU‐218 (T. viride), and CMU‐221 (T. tomentosum) were selected for evaluating their extracellular laccase activity in liquid media. Strain CMU‐8 showed no basal laccase activity, while strains CMU‐1, CMU‐218, and CMU‐221 had a basal laccase activity of 1,313.88 mU/mL, 763.88 mU/mL, and 799.53 mU/mL, respectively. Addition of sorghum straw inhibited laccase activity in strain CMU‐1 by 34%, relative to the basal culture, while strains CMU‐8, CMU‐21, and CMU‐221 increased their laccase activity by 1,321.5%, 64%, and 47%, respectively. These results show that assayed phenolic substrates are good tools for selecting laccase producer strains in Trichoderma. These same assays indicate the potential use of studied strains for bioremediation processes. Straw laccase induction suggests that analyzed strains have potential for straw delignification in biopulping and other biotechnological applications. © 2016 American Institute of Chemical Engineers Biotechnol. Prog., 32:787–798, 2016
Anatomical and clinical aspects of Klinefelter's syndrome
Authors: Bird Rebecca J. , Hurren Bradley J.
Published: January 2016

Klinefelter's syndrome, the most common sex disorder associated with chromosomal aberrations, is characterized by a plethora of clinical features. Parameters for diagnosis of the syndrome are constantly expanding as new anatomical and hormonal abnormalities are noted, yet Klinefelter's remains underdiagnosed and underreported. This review outlines the key anatomical characteristics associated with the syndrome, which are currently used for clinical diagnosis, or may provide means for improving diagnosis in the future. Clin. Anat. 29:606–619, 2016. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
A prospective ascertainment of cancer incidence in sub‐Saharan Africa: The case of Kaposi sarcoma
Authors: Semeere Aggrey , Wenger Megan , Busakhala Naftali , Buziba Nathan , Bwana Mwebesa , Muyindike Winnie , Amerson Erin , Maurer Toby , McCalmont Timothy , LeBoit Philip , Musick Beverly , Yiannoutsos Constantin , Lukande Robert , Castelnuovo Barbara , Laker‐Oketta Miriam , Kambugu Andrew , Glidden David , Wools‐Kaloustian Kara , Martin Jeffrey
Published: January 2016

In resource‐limited areas, such as sub‐Saharan Africa, problems in accurate cancer case ascertainment and enumeration of the at‐risk population make it difficult to estimate cancer incidence. We took advantage of a large well‐enumerated healthcare system to estimate the incidence of Kaposi sarcoma (KS), a cancer which has become prominent in the HIV era and whose incidence may be changing with the rollout of antiretroviral therapy (ART). To achieve this, we evaluated HIV‐infected adults receiving care between 2007 and 2012 at any of three medical centers in Kenya and Uganda that participate in the East Africa International Epidemiologic Databases to Evaluate AIDS (IeDEA) Consortium. Through IeDEA, clinicians received training in KS recognition and biopsy equipment. We found that the overall prevalence of KS among 102,945 HIV‐infected adults upon clinic enrollment was 1.4%; it declined over time at the largest site. Among 140,552 patients followed for 319,632 person‐years, the age‐standardized incidence rate was 334/100,000 person‐years (95% CI: 314–354/100,000 person‐years). Incidence decreased over time and was lower in women, persons on ART, and those with higher CD4 counts. The incidence rate among patients on ART with a CD4 count >350 cells/mm3 was 32/100,000 person‐years (95% CI: 14–70/100,000 person‐years). Despite reductions over time coincident with the expansion of ART, KS incidence among HIV‐infected adults in East Africa equals or exceeds the most common cancers in resource‐replete settings. In resource‐limited settings, strategic efforts to improve cancer diagnosis in combination with already well‐enumerated at‐risk denominators can make healthcare systems attractive platforms for estimating cancer incidence.
The effects of hemoglobin levels and their interactions with cigarette smoking on survival in nasopharyngeal carcinoma patients
Authors: Zeng Qi , Shen Lu‐Jun , Li Sheng , Chen Ling , Guo Xiang , Qian Chao‐Nan , Wu Pei‐Hong
Published: January 2016

There is very little published information regarding the prognostic value of hemoglobin (Hb) levels combined with smoking on the survival of patients with nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC), and the interactions between them remain unclear. A total of 2440 NPC patients were confirmed, and multivariate analysis was performed to identify valuable prognostic Hb levels in the entire population and in the cohort of smokers. The survival differences were compared using log‐rank tests. The multiplicative and additive interactions were assessed using Cox regression and a Microsoft Word Excel spreadsheet. Postradiotherapy (RT) Hb was an independent prognostic factor for overall survival (OS) (HR = 0.797; P = 0.006), failure‐free survival (FFS) (HR=0.811; P = 0.010), and loco‐regional failure‐free survival (LR‐FFS) (HR = 0.725; P = 0.000). In the cohort of smokers, pack‐years was also an independent predictor of OS (HR = 0.673; P < 0.001) and FFS (HR = 0.681; P < 0.001), LR‐FFS (HR = 0.663; P = 0.001). A significant positive additive effect was found for the interaction between low post‐RT Hb and high SI on OS, with RERI = 5.616, AP = 0.665, and S = 4.078. Stratified analyses demonstrated that heavy smokers with low post‐RT Hb had HRs of 2.295 (P < 0.001) for death, 2.222 (P < 0.001) for disease failure, and 2.267 (P < 0.001) loco‐regional recurrence compared with light smokers with high post‐RT Hb levels, and post‐RT Hb level is an important predictor of survival in patients with NPC. The positive interaction between post‐RT Hb level and pack‐years contributes to the elevated risk of poor survival. Oncologists should devote particular attention to heavy smokers with low post‐RT Hb levels in the future.
Confirmation of a Protein–Protein Interaction in the Pantothenate Biosynthetic Pathway by Using Sortase‐Mediated Labelling
Authors: Morrison Philip M. , Balmforth Matthew R. , Ness Samuel W. , Williamson Daniel J. , Rugen Michael D. , Turnbull W. Bruce , Webb Michael E.
Published: January 2016

High‐throughput studies have been widely used to identify protein–protein interactions; however, few of these candidate interactions have been confirmed in vitro. We have used a combination of isothermal titration calorimetry and fluorescence anisotropy to screen candidate interactions within the pantothenate biosynthetic pathway. In particular, we observed no interaction between the next enzyme in the pathway, pantothenate synthetase (PS), and aspartate decarboxylase, but did observe an interaction between PS and the putative Nudix hydrolase, YfcD. Confirmation of the interaction by fluorescence anisotropy was dependent upon labelling an adventitiously formed glycine on the protein N‐terminal affinity purification tag by using Sortase. Subsequent formation of the protein–protein complex led to apparent restriction of the dynamics of this tag, thus suggesting that this approach could be generally applied to a subset of other protein–protein interaction complexes.
Partial Blockage of the Reversible Solid‐Solid Transition of Strontium Succinate
Authors: Couvrat Nicolas , Martins Damien , Lafontaine Anaïs , Sanselme Morgane , Dupray Valérie , Taulelle Pascal , Lerestif Jean‐Michel , Lynch Michael , Vaysse‐Ludot Lucile , Coquerel Gérard
Published: January 2016

Strontium succinate, an active pharmaceutical ingredient against osteoporosis, exhibits two polymorphs related by a reversible order‐disorder transformation at about 50 °C. However, during the industrial crystallization process, the transition from the high‐temperature form towards the low‐temperature form was partially inhibited, leading to a mixture of phases at room temperature. The stressful character of the industrial process as demonstrated by in situ X‐ray diffraction and Raman analyses led to defects, constraints, and a coarse mosaicity within crystals. Moreover, thermogravimetric analyses revealed that a non‐negligible amount of water was trapped inside the crystalline solid. The combination of these two factors (stressful crystallization and trapped water) could be at the origin of the partial blockage of the transition.
Electrochemical Study of Oxygen Reduction on a Carbon‐Supported Core–Shell Platinum–Gold Electrocatalyst with Tuneable Gold Surface Composition
Authors: Mahesh Ijjada , Sarkar A.
Published: January 2016

The presence of gold on the surface of platinum nanoparticles can have profound effects on the activity in the electrochemical oxygen reduction reaction (ORR). In this work, the ORR activity is studied at different surface coverage of gold on two types of core–shell platinum–gold catalysts. Surface‐limited redox reaction and redox transmetalation methods are used to synthesize core–shell catalysts with varying degrees of gold coverage on their surface. Experimental results indicate that the presence of gold on the surface intrinsically decreases the ORR activity. Furthermore, the effect of the core on the activity for ORR has been studied.