bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
EVALUASI PENGGUNAAN SISTEM BARCODE DAN SCANNER DALAM PROSES DELIVERY DI COLD STORAGE PT. MULTI TERMINAL INDONESIA
Authors: Ladesi Vivian Karim , Rizki Nur Ichwan
Published: February 2021

PT. Multi Terminal Indonesia salah satu perusahaan pelayanan jasa penyimpanan barang yang tersedia gudang kering maupun gudang pendingin. Perusahaan ini  sangat berupaya untuk memberikan kualitas jasanya dengan cara meningkatkan mutu pelayanan logistik di Indonesia.. Berdasarkan uraian di atas maka penulis tertarik mengambil judul “Evaluasi Penggunaan Sistem Barcode dan Scanner dalam Proses Delivery di Cold Storage PT. Multi Terminal Indonesia Unit Halal Logistic and Cold Storage.” Tujuan untuk mengetahui kelebihan sistem terhadap produktivitas bongkar muat di Cold Storage, dan memberikan pemecahan masalah yang terjadi. Pengumpulan data penelitian menggunakan metode observasi dan diskusi terkait sejauh mana PT.Multi Terminal Indonesia  menangani kegiatan bongkar muat menggunakan sistem dan ini sangat berdampak terhadap tingkat produktivitas perusahaan. Hal ini tentu saja dapat berdampak terhadap kemampuan bersaing dengan perusahaan lain dalam pasar global. Setelah menganalisis kelebihan penggunaan sistem tersebut, penulis mencoba memberikan solusi terbaik untuk memecahkan masalah yang ada
PENGARUH KINERJA PELAYANAN JASA BARANG TERHADAP JASA KAPAL
Authors: Devi Lestari Atik , Hadi Winoto
Published: February 2021

Final assignment research activities are carried out during fieldwork activities at PT Pelabuhan Indonesia II (Persero) Tanjung Priok Branch. This study aims to determine how much influence the performance of goods services on ship services, as well as the graduation requirements for D3 Transportation Study Program, Jakarta State University. To compile this thesis the author uses secondary data in the form of Operational Performance data in 2018. The data obtained is then processed by the author using the Quantitative Method and using T test formula. The results of the data output that came out were found that T test that relationship between the liquid bulk variable (X) with the effective time variable (Y) was positif and not significant
ANALISIS DAMPAK KEBIJAKAN TARIF PROGRESIF DALA M HUBUNGAN DWELLING TIME DAN YARD OCCUPANCY RATIO (YOR) DI TERMINAL PETIKEMAS SEMARANG
Authors: Sunanda Harji , Rahmayanti Henita
Published: February 2021

This final project was conducted during an internship at Terminal Petikemas Semarang which is a company in the field of packaging terminal services. This study aims to analyze the impact of tariff progressive policies on dwelling time and YOR. To achieve the target of dwelling time in less than 3 days and YOR under 50% a progressive tariff policy is set. . the implementation of progressive tariffs is expected to reduce dawling time and YOR, in all of container terminal to be able achieve target expected by the government and to obtain efficiency and smoothly flow of container. To compile this final project the author uses secondary data in the form of dwelling time and YOR data in 2016-2018.Data obtained then it was analyzed using pearson correlation to know the rapport between dwelling time and YOR then, data dwelling time and YOR will be graphed to find out before progressive tariff policies in analysis in order to get a solution to the problems that exist in order to facilitate the flow of containers in the container terminal. The results of data analysis found that the impact of progressive tariff policies not yetcan reduce dwelling time and YOR significantly and still very much the high of dwelling time and YOR at the Semarang Container Terminal after the progressive rate reached 63.51% and dwelling time 6.14 days then progressive tariffs will not affect dwelling time and YOR.
Survival Benefits From Surgery for Stage IVa Head and Neck Squamous Cell Carcinoma: A Multi-Institutional Analysis of 1,033 Cases
Authors: Park Jun-Ook , Park Young Min , Jeong Woo-Jin , Shin Yoo Seob , Hong Yong Tae , Choi Ik Joon , Kim Ji Won , Woo Seung Hoon , Kim Yeon Soo , Chang Jae Won , Kim Min-Sik , Jung Kwang-Yoon , Ahn Soon-Hyun , Kim Chul-Ho , Hong Ki Hwan , Chung Phil-Sang , Kim Young-Mo , Kim Se-Heon , Baek Seung-Kuk
Published: February 2021

Objectives. Head and neck squamous cell carcinomas (HNSCs) are frequently diagnosed at the locoregional advanced stage (stage IVa), but controversy remains regarding whether stage IVa HSNCs should be treated with upfront surgery or definitive chemoradiation therapy (CRT). The purpose of this study was to compare overall survival (OS) and disease-free survival (DFS) in patients with stage IVa HNSC treated primarily by surgery with curative intent with/without (neo)adjuvant treatment (surgery group) versus those treated primarily with CRT (CRT group).Methods. We reviewed data of 1,033 patients with stage IVa HNSC treated with curative intent at 17 cancer centers between 2010 and 2016.Results. Among 1,033 patients, 765 (74.1%) received upfront surgery and 268 (25.9%) received CRT. The 5-year OS and DFS rates were 64.4% and 62.0% in the surgery group and 49.5% and 45.4% in the CRT group, respectively. In multivariate analyses, OS and DFS were better in the surgery group than in the CRT group (odds ratio [OR] for death, 0.762; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.592–0.981; OR for recurrence, 0.628; 95% CI, 0.492–0.802). In subgroup analyses, the OS and DFS of patients with oropharyngeal cancer were better in the surgery group (OR for death, 0.548; 95% CI, 0.341–0.879; OR for recurrence, 0.598; 95% CI, 0.377–0.948). In the surgery group, patients with laryngeal cancer showed better OS (OR for death, 0.432; 95% CI, 0.211–0.882), while those with hypopharyngeal cancer DFS was improved (OR for recurrence, 0.506; 95% CI, 0.328–0.780).Conclusion. A survival benefit from surgery may be achieved even in patients with stage IVa HNSC, particularly those with oropharyngeal and laryngeal cancer. Surgery led to a reduction in the recurrence rate in patients with hypopharyngeal cancer.
O planejamento, o mito do desenvolvimento e o 3º momento do direito e desenvolvimento: a necessidade de a coruja de Minerva guiar a raposa ao seu destino
Authors: Costa Devides José Eduardo , Ribeiro Santiago Mariana
Published: February 2021

O tema do presente artigo analisa o instituto jurídico do planejamento e sua importância para a concretização do desenvolvimento. O problema de pesquisa refere-se à falta de lei (e o desinteresse em sua elaboração) que discipline o plano nacional de desenvolvimento do Brasil. O objetivo é identificar um plano de desenvolvimento de um país de terceiro mundo para que o Brasil possa realizar um transplante jurídico (no todo ou em parte) e, a partir disso, evoluir econômica, ambiental e socialmente. Em conclusão, constatou-se que o plano de desenvolvimento mexicano pode ser tomado como parâmetro pelo Brasil, todavia, parcialmente, limitando ao transplante jurídico de apenas alguns pontos. O método de pesquisa adotado é o dialético, tendo sido desenvolvida a partir de investigações de cunho qualitativo, com ampla pesquisa bibliográfica, sem prejuízo da contribuição de análise de caso.
Doctor/Patient Communication for Dummies
Authors: Brandfonbrener Alice G
Published: February 2021

Please don’t interpret the title of this editorial as a sleight. Rather, it reflects my admiration for and indebtedness to the books “for Dummies,” which have allowed me a certain degree of success in using a computer, not to mention spending endless hours with Photoshop.
In fact, with the acquisition of each new electronics-related activity, I immediately bypass the official handbooks in favor of the much more user-friendly “Dummies” books on each relevant subject. I only wish I could enlighten my readers half as clearly and cleverly as the writers
of “Dummies.” Aside from my wish to honor these books, a more apt title for the editorial might have been “The Best and the Worst about 21st Century Patient Communications.”
Flamenco Guitar as a Risk Factor for Overuse Syndrome
Authors: Marques Djalma Nunes , Rosset-Llobet Jaume , Marques M F Fonseca , Gurgel I G D , Augusto L G S
Published: February 2021

The purpose of this study was to analyze the prevalence of overuse syndrome in classical and flamenco guitarists from Andalucia (Spain). Of the 64 professional guitarists who participated in the study, 75% showed symptoms of overuse syndrome. Considering the fact that classical and
flamenco are two distinct styles of guitar playing, 62.5% of the classical guitarists who took part in the study were affected by some kind of overuse syndrome, versus 87.5% of the flamenco guitarists (p = 0.021). Among the guitarists affected by overuse syndrome, a total of 50% of the classical
and 82.1% of the flamenco guitarists reported deterioration in their playing ability (p = 0.018). The specific symptom for which there was a difference in distribution in the two groups was tension in the upper extremities, reported more frequently by the flamenco guitarists. The higher incidence
of problems and the greater perception of tension among the flamenco guitarists are attributed mainly to the plucking technique they use, which requires greater effort from the extensor muscles of the fingers, as well as the need to produce a higher volume of sound due to the nature of playing
in groups.
Pas de Deux: Daughters, Mothers, and Dance Talk
Authors: Conraths-Lange Nicola
Published: February 2021

This study offers a qualitative analysis of the perceived communication emphasis between female adolescent dancers and their mothers. The following research questions were the basis of this investigation: (1) Do daughters talk about dance with their mothers? (2) What is the daughter’s
perception level of dance-related communication? (3) Is their communication directed to core or peripheral topics? (4) What kind of implication would a high or low communication frequency index suggest, and how could it be enhanced? Six core and six peripheral communication areas were identified
and analyzed using an adaptation of Butler’s Performing Attitude Profiling Test (1989). The core topics involve emotional and mental concerns relating to dance (e.g., love for dance, injuries, career, stress/performance anxiety, body issues, health), whereas the peripheral topics involve
organizational concerns and daily logistics affecting dancers and their families (e.g., teacher, peers, technique, cost of lessons and equipment, transportation). Participants were recruited from two major professional U.S. schools and one Canadian school. A total of 100 female professional
ballet students between the ages of 11 and 17 years were surveyed and asked to rate the amount of time they spend communicating about dance themes with their mothers. All dancers had started training by age 6 and practiced ≥15 hours per week, and most aim for a professional career in the
theater. The results indicate that mothers and daughters do talk about dance frequently, although the amount of communication fluctuates considerably depending on the topic. The data provide a good indication that the most frequently discussed dance topics are related to imminent, self-focused
information (instructor, technique, love for dance, career, injuries) rather than long-term health topics (body, nutrition, stage fright). The results established the family as an important forum for open communication exchange that may replace peer relationships. Taking an active interest
and exchanging information within the familial unit would encourage dancers to question and think critically about the demands placed on their bodies, training, and health. The resulting improved argumentation skills could enable adult dancers to be more assertive in protecting their health,
more confident when dealing with stress, and better prepared when seeking a new career. The communicative expansion on the core topics through parental and teacher involvement is key for establishing a new paradigm in dance education.
The Effects of College Music Instruction, Gender, and Musician Type on Income from Performing Music
Authors: Chesky Kris , Devroop Karendra
Published: February 2021

Studies in the social sciences imply a relationship between levels of employment and potential adverse effects on health. The lack of information regarding musicians makes it difficult to describe and prepare for the potential adverse relationships between musicians’ economic
patterns and health. The purpose of this study was to characterize economic patterns of musicians and to investigate the relationships between income from performing music and college music instruction, age, and gender. A total of 4,017 subjects participated in an Internet-based musician survey.
Data analysis included the use of descriptive statistics, analysis of covariance, and multiple regression analysis. Results support the view that many musicians hold multiple jobs and that income from music performance is often a secondary source of income. Musicians with ≥4 years of college
music instruction earned higher levels of income from performing music compared with musicians with less college music instruction. This study recognizes the need to consider the economic patterns of musicians and how these patterns may affect health adversely.
Rehabilitation of a Cellist After Surgery for de Quervain’s Tenosynovitis and Intersection Syndrome
Authors: Robinson Barbara S
Published: February 2021

This article describes the physical therapy intervention for a musician after surgery for de Quervain’s tenosynovitis and intersection syndrome, and briefly reviews these two tendon conditions. The patient, an 18-year-old female cellist, initially presented with symptoms of de
Quervain’s tenosynovitis, including marked fibrosis of the first dorsal compartment, to the extent that surgical intervention was required. Seven months after decompression of the first dorsal tunnel, the second dorsal compartment was surgically released secondary to intersection syndrome.
Physical therapy included the use of therapeutic exercise, joint mobilization, scar mobilization, soft tissue massage, stretching, and physical agents. Patient education regarding activity modification, management of cello playing, and posture while playing the cello and using a computer keyboard
was vital to successful rehabilitation. The musician was able to return to playing the cello at her previous level of performance, practicing and performing an average of 3 to 4 h/day. Conservative treatment intervention during the 10 months preceding the current treatment may have been unsuccessful
due to the absence of activity modification.
The Prediction of Musical Performance Anxiety
Authors: Liston Marnie , Frost Alexandra A M , Mohr Philip B
Published: February 2021

This study addressed the identification of key predictor variables of musical performance anxiety among constructs previously shown to have associations with musical performance anxiety. Participants were 118 (75 female and 43 male) undergraduate and postgraduate music students in Adelaide,
South Australia. They completed self-report measures of musical performance anxiety, cognitive strategies and self-statements, trait anxiety, self-esteem, personal efficacy, and six dimensions of perfectionism. Multiple regression analyses revealed catastrophizing to be the main predictor
of musical performance anxiety, with personal efficacy a lesser predictor. The findings suggest that relationships with musical performance anxiety previously reported for such characteristics as perfectionism, gender, and trait anxiety are substantially explicable in terms of catastrophizing
cognitions and personal efficacy. The implication of these findings is to narrow the prediction and possible explanation of musical performance anxiety to a focus on cognitions.
Effects of Meditation on Music Performance Anxiety
Authors: Chang Joanne C , Midlarsky Elizabeth , Lin Peter
Published: February 2021

This study investigated the effect of meditation on music performance anxiety. Participants were 19 students between the ages of 18 and 41 yrs, who were recruited from the Manhattan School of Music, Mannes College of Music, Yale University School of Music, and State University of New
York at Purchase. The experimental group received a series of eight meditation classes, and the control group received no meditation training. After the 8-week training period, all performed in a concert. Pretests and post-tests of music performance anxiety were given and post-tests of state
anxiety and of performance concentration. Performance anxiety decreased among participants in the meditation group, in contrast to participants in the control group, whose performance anxiety did not decrease. Differences in regard to post-test state anxiety and performance concentration were
not significant. An additional benefit of meditation was a reported increase in relaxation pleasure even in the period immediately before the performance. Results indicate that meditation may be a useful tool for aiding performers to combat performance anxiety.
The Multidimensional Anxiety Theory: An Assessment of and Relationships Between Intensity and Direction of Cognitive Anxiety, Somatic Anxiety, and Self-confidence over Multiple Performance Requirements among College Music Majors
Authors: Miller Staci Renee , Chesky Kris
Published: February 2021

This study applied the multidimensional anxiety theory to musicians by examining the intensity and direction of cognitive anxiety, somatic anxiety, and self-confidence over multiple performance requirements among college music majors. This study assessed and compared teacher and student
perceptions of the student’s performance anxiety and its subsequent impact on several studio lessons and jury performances. Seventy-one college musicians (39 females, 32 males) from the University of North Texas College of Music volunteered to participate in this study. Four different
assessment tools were employed in this study: a demographic questionnaire, a modified version of the Competitive Trait Anxiety Inventory-2 (CTAI-2), a modified version of the Competitive State Anxiety Inventory-2 (CSAI-2), and a subjective self-assessment of performance. The results showed
that of the 71 subjects initially assessed, 59 subjects (83.1%) reported experiencing performance anxiety. This study supports the application of the multidimensional anxiety theory by highlighting the existence of two distinct, yet related dimensions of performance anxiety; how these dimensions
change in response to changing stress levels associated with changing demands; and the probable interaction with levels of self-confidence. This study underscores the challenges associated with how teachers may or may not recognize the existence and subsequent impact of performance anxiety
among college students. Additional studies are needed to determine what educational variables, including psychosocial values, are associated with the development and fluctuation of self-confidence. Further research designs should implement the CTAI-2 and the CSAI-2 for the assessment of competitive
performance anxiety experienced by musicians associated with music performance.
Occupational Disorders in Instrumental Musicians
Authors: Schuele Stephan U , Lederman Richard J
Published: February 2021

The purpose of the study was to determine the frequency of occupational disorders in instrumental musicians and address questions essential for the performing arts medical professional in dealing with workers compensation and disability insurance. Work-related disorders might be eligible
for health and wage-loss benefits through workers compensation and private and state-funded disability insurance. Some unique medical aspects and questions have to be addressed in the care of musicians with playing- related disorders: Is the medical problem directly caused by the playing and
can it be considered as an occupational disorder? How long will playing and performance be restricted during recovery and treatment? What is the likelihood that the musician will not return to the previous artistic level and remain unable to continue his or her profession? We reviewed the
performing arts medical literature with respect to frequency and risk factors for playing-provoked musculoskeletal and neuromuscular disorders, playing limitations during recovery, and risk for long-term disability. A large percentage of medical problems in instrumental musicians are playing
provoked. Focal task-specific dystonia is nearly always an occupational disorder often involving highly skillful and repetitive movements. In about half of the patients with musculoskeletal pain syndromes, the symptoms seem to be directly related to playing. Entrapment neuropathies are a diverse
group of disorders, consisting of problems frequently encountered in the general population, such as carpal tunnel syndrome, ulnar neuropathy, or thoracic outlet syndrome, but also including nerve compressions at particular sites more specifically seen in certain instrument groups. A period
of relative or, less frequently, absolute rest is often advised in all three conditions, lasting in most cases 1-3 months. Overall, many of the medical problems encountered in instrumental musicians seem to have a good outcome and rarely lead to long-term disability with the exception of focal
dystonia. The existing performing arts literature offers important information for the physician to guide musicians with problems involving workers compensation and income replacement insurance. Further epidemiologic studies looking specifically at risk factors for playing-provoked disorders
in musicians are needed. Prospective outcome studies would avoid referral bias and provide more accurate data on temporary and long-term disability.
First Patrons: Parenting the Musician
Authors: Pruett Kyle D
Published: February 2021

This discussion of the parental influences on musicians’ development begins with a review of the high-stress environment of the 21st-century family, including the increasing burdens on parents’ time and the increasing influence of the media. The author provides a list of
transcultural qualities of “good enough” parenting, especially in the context of raising a musical child. Parenthood is regarded as a developmental phase itself, with unique competencies needed to care for children in different age groups, from toddlers to adolescents. A brief
discussion of the different motivations, both positive and negative, of parents for involvement in their children’s music making is included. Parental factors that promote durable musicianship are high levels of emotional and material support, provision of informal musical practice (“playing
around”) in early life, and the presence of a musically inclined parent. Parents should stay engaged throughout their children’s musical careers, including fostering a healthy relationship with teachers.
Impact of an acute Care Surgery Model on the Management of acute Appendicitis in South Korea: A Retrospective Cohort Study
Authors: Yi Gun-Hee , Lee Hak-Jae , Lee Seul , Yoon Jong-Hee , Hong Suk-Kyung
Published: February 2021

BackgroundThe acute care surgery (ACS) system is a new model for the prompt management of diseases that require rapid treatment in patients with acute abdomen. This study compared the outcomes and characteristics of the ACS system and traditional on-call system (TROS) for acute appendicitis in South Korea.MethodsThis single-center, retrospective study included all patients (aged ≥18 years) who underwent surgery for acute appendicitis in 2016 and 2018. The TROS and ACS system were used for the 2016 and 2018 groups, respectively. We retrospectively obtained data on each patient from the electrical medical records. The independent samples t-test and Mann-Whitney U-test were used for continuous and non-normally distributed data, respectively.ResultsIn total, 126 patients were included. The time taken to get from the emergency room admission to the operating room, operation times, and postoperative complication rates were similar between both groups. However, the length of the hospital stay was shorter in the ACS group than in the TROS group (4.3±3.2 days vs. 7.2±9.6 days, p=0.039).ConclusionsSince the introduction of the ACS system, the length of hospital stay for surgical patients has decreased. This may be due to the application of an integrated medical procedure, such as a new clinical pathway, rather than differences in the surgical techniques.Trial registration: Retrospectively registered.
Who suffered most after deaths due to COVID-19? Prevalence and correlates of prolonged grief disorder in COVID-19 related bereaved adults
Authors: Tang Suqin , Xiang Zhendong
Published: February 2021

Background: Deaths by COVID-19 have left behind nearly 12 million recent bereaved individuals worldwide and researchers have raised concerns that the circumstances of COVID-19 related deaths will lead to a rise prevalence of prolonged grief disorder (PGD) cases. However, to date, no studies have examined the prevalence of PGD among people bereaved due to COVID-19. This study aimed to estimate the prevalence of PGD and investigated demographic and loss-related factors associated with prolonged grief symptoms among Chinese individuals bereaved due to COVID-19.Methods: This was a cross-sectional online survey conducted between September 1 and October 3, 2020. A total of 422 Chinese participants (55.5% males; 32.73 [9.31] years old) who lost a close person due to COVID-19 participated in the study. Demographic and loss-related information was collected, and self-reported prolonged grief symptoms were measured by a 13-item International Prolonged Grief Disorder Scale (IPGDS: 1–65) and a 17-item Traumatic Grief Inventory Self Report (TGI-SR: 1–85). Multiple linear regression analysis was used to determine the associated factors of levels of grief symptoms.Results: Prevalence of PGD was 37.8% screened by IPGDS and 29.3% by TGI-SR. No difference was found in levels of grief symptoms between participants whose close one died more than 6 months ago and those who experienced the loss less than 6 months ago. More severe prolonged grief symptoms assessed by IPGDS was associated with losing a close person by COVID-19 rather than complications (B: 5.35; 95% CI: 0.54–10.05), losing a partner (B: 7.80; 95% CI: 3.24–12.37), child (B: 8.15; 95% CI: 1.03–15.26), and parent (B: 5.49; 95% CI: 1.49–9.48) rather than losing a relative or a person with other relationship, feeling more traumatic about the loss (B: 1.71; 95% CI: 0.52–2.90), being closer with the deceased (B: 1.60; 95% CI: 0.34–2.86). Moreover, Losing a grandparent (B: 6.62; 95% CI: 0.53–12.71) and having more conflicts with the deceased (B: 1.05; 95% CI: -0.008–2.11) were related to higher levels of grief symptoms assessed by TGI-SR. Conclusions: Echoing to researchers’ concerns, prevalence of PGD is high among people bereaved due to COVID-19. Individuals with higher risk of developing PGD should be identified and bereavement support should be offered as early as possible.
Frugal compound microscopy for microbiological analysis and education
Authors: anand atul
Published: February 2021

We report a very frugal microscope building method from easily realizable parts. We show a highly portable field ready compound type microscope with bright field, dark field and projection microscopy capabilities. It has good resolution and magnification for multiple aspects of education and diagnosis. We demonstrate that such a system can be built from simple lenses in laser pointers and camera modules with no specific 3d printed parts or costly lenses. We show all the parts of the system like stage, coarse and fine focussing system, microscope body, even slides can be built from commonly available materials like soda bottle and DVD disks. We list alternate, safer and easily available staining methods and chemicals. The microscope is developed with a target that it can be self-developed even in rural areas of the world with only resources at one’s disposal with very little education. This features a stable focussing and panning system for comfortable viewing through eyes and also easy imaging with a smartphone. We show its utility for microorganism analysis and potential for clinical diagnosis.
Intravenous Fluid Use in an Indonesian Community Cohort 0-18 Months of Age
Authors: Thobari Jarir At , Satria Cahya , Johanes Kevin , Haposan Jonathan Hasian , Watts Emma , Standish Jane , Handley Amanda , Bachtiar Novilia , Bines Julie , Soenarto Yati
Published: February 2021

Background

Intravenous fluid administration is one of the most common and important life-saving treatments in daily clinical settings, however it is not given as much attention as it should have. This study aims to evaluate the intravenous fluid’s use pattern in infants from birth until 18 months of age in Indonesia.
Methods

A post-hoc analysis of RV3-BB Phase IIb randomized, double-blinded, placebo-controlled trial was conducted in 1621 participants in Indonesia between January 2013 and July 2016. Any health events were documented in the trial as adverse events. Concomitant medication surveillance recorded all medications, including intravenous fluids (IVF) during the 18 months of follow-up. Information included intravenous fluid type, methods of administration, dosage, indication and duration.
Results

Of 1621 participants, 251 (15.48%) participants received at least one intravenous fluid for treating 294 adverse events during their 18-month follow-up period. A total of 333 intravenous fluid consumptions were recorded, 20 (6.0%) as fluid resuscitation, 273 (81.98%) as fluid maintenance, 40 (12.01%) as both maintenance and resuscitation. Isotonic fluids predominated resuscitation fluids (52 out of 60 [86.7%]) and maintenance fluids (166 out of 313 [53.0%]). Hyponatremia (1 case) was detected among those administered with hypotonic fluids (143 out 313 [45.7%] IVFs) for maintenance fluid. The most common indication for intravenous fluid was gastroenteritis (31.6%), with dehydration in most cases (65 [69.9%]). Modified WHO’s plan B diarrhea management was recorded in 22 [23.7%] diarrhea cases.
Conclusions

This study provides the information of intravenous fluid use pattern in 0–18 months children cohort in Indonesia. Some intravenous fluids were found to be unnecessary and not optimal, exposing the patients to the avoidable risks. These data justify the further study to evaluate intravenous fluid use in children and the needs of continuing training on intravenous fluid management among healthcare providers.
Trial registration:

Trial registration: ACTRN12612001282875, Registered: 12/12/2012, https://www.anzctr.org.au/Trial/Registration/TrialReview.aspx?ACTRN=12612001282875
Effect of Epinephrine on the Absorption of Lidocaine Following Application to the Oral Mucosa in Rats
Authors: Sasaki Rui , Sunada Katsuhisa
Published: February 2021

Objective

We investigated the role of epinephrine in prolonging the localization of a topical anesthetic on oral mucosa and inhibiting its absorption in blood.
Methods

We used 7–8-week-old specific-pathogen-free Wistar male rats (n = 128) for our study. We divided them into lidocaine and lidocaine with epinephrine groups and applied 5 µL of 14C-labeled lidocaine hydrochloride gel and 10 µg/mL 14C-labeled lidocaine hydrochloride gel with added epinephrine to the palatal mucosae of the rats, respectively. The amount of lidocaine was measured by radioactivity and was observed using autoradiograms.
Results

After 4 min, the values were significantly lower in the lidocaine with epinephrine group (1040.0 ± 142.8 vs. 701.2 ± 109.0 ng/mg [20 min]). After 40 min, the lidocaine level became significantly higher in the lidocaine with epinephrine group (586.8 ± 112.4 vs. 1131.3 ± 155.2 ng/mg [40 min]). Similar results were observed in the palatine bone and mucosa and serum.
Conclusion

Epinephrine prolonged the localization of lidocaine applied to the mucosa and inhibited its absorption into the bloodstream. Clinical studies are required to evaluate the use of epinephrine-containing topical anesthetics on the oral mucosa.
System-wide hematopoietic and immune signaling aberrations in COVID-19
revealed by deep proteome and phosphoproteome analysis
Authors: Kaneko Tomonori , Esmail Sally , Voss Courtney , Martin Claudio , Slessarev Marat , Hovey Owen , liu Xuguang , Ye Mingliang , Kim Sung , Fraser Douglas , Li Shawn
Published: February 2021

The COVID-19 pandemic, caused by the SARS-CoV-2 virus, has become a global crisis. To gain systems-level insights into its pathogenesis, we compared the blood proteome and phosphoproteome of ICU patients with or without SARS-CoV-2 infection, and healthy control subjects by quantitative mass spectrometry. We find that COVID-19 is marked with hyperactive T cell and B cell signaling, compromised innate immune response, and dysregulated inflammation, coagulation, metabolism, RNA splicing, transcription and translation pathways. SARS-CoV-2 infection causes global reprogramming of the kinome and kinase-substrate network, resulting in defective antiviral defense via the CK2-OPN-IL-12/IFN-I axis, lymphocyte cell death via aberrant JAK/STAT signaling, and inactivation of innate immune cells via inhibitory SIRPA, SIGLEC and SLAM family receptor signaling. Our work identifies CK2, SYK, JAK3, TYK2 and IL-12 as potential targets for immunomodulatory treatment of severe COVID-19 and provides a valuable approach and resource for deciphering the mechanism of pathogen-host interactions.
Pathogenic Variants Identified using Whole-exome Sequencing in Chinese Patients with Primary Ciliary Dyskinesia
Authors: Ye Yutian , Huang Qijun , Chen Lipeng , Liang Chunxian , Zhuang Kaixue , Liu Tao , Yuan Fang , Zhang Xiangxia , Li Jie , Chen Rongchang , Fu Yingyun , Yue Yongjian
Published: February 2021

Background： Primary ciliary dyskinesia (PCD) is an autosomal recessive disorder. The genetic factors contributing to PCD pathogenesis remain elusive for approximately 20–35% of patients with complex and abnormal clinical phenotypes. Our study aimed to identify causative variants of sporadic PCD genes using whole-exome sequencing (WES). Result：All patients were diagnosed with PCD based on clinical phenotype or transmission electron microscopy (TEM) images of cilia. WES and bioinformatic analysis were then conducted for patients with PCD. Identified candidate variants were validated by Sanger sequencing. Pathogenicity of candidate variants was then evaluated using in silico software and the American College of Medical Genetics and Genomics (ACMG) database. In total, 15 rare variants were identified in five patients with PCD. Five new variants of CCDC40, DNAH1, DNAAF3, and DNAI1 were considered causative variants and included one splicing and three homozygous variants. Conclusion： Our study demonstrated that patients with PCD carry rare causative variants of multiple genes. Our findings indicated that not only known causative genes but also other functional genes should be considered for heterogeneous genetic disorders.
Dynamic Role of Renewable Eenrgy to Strengthen Energy Security and Energy Poverty Reduction: Mediating Role of Low Carbon Finance
Authors: Tien Dinh van , Ha Thai Van , Thuan Tran Duc , Oanh Thai Thi Kim , Hang Nguyen Phan Thu , Phuong Pham Thi Lan
Published: February 2021

This paper provides an empirical analysis of deploying renewables in Africa's five most populous countries for 2001-2019. It analyzed these factors to see how they impact deploying renewables by employing panel data using the pooled ordinary least squared(OLS) at frim level analysis to increase energy security and to reduce energy poverty. After the analysis, we proved that access to clean fuels and technologies for cooking needs the study countries to deploy renewables as most Africans cook with polluting fuels having detrimental health implications. The analyses further revealed that these countries generate a chunk of their electricity from fossil fuel sources, making it imperative to jettison fossil fuels and embrace renewables cheaper and environmentally friendly. The analysis also showed that the Quality of regulation in a country is vitally important to scaling up renewables in the study countries since the right policy tools underpin the transition. Furthermore, the lack of Electrification is important to developing renewal energy sources in the study countries. Sub-Saharan Africa has about nearly 600 million people not having access to electricity. Thus deploying renewables will bridge the access gap. Cleaner energies will be the panacea to the study countries’ energy insecurity situation and bridge the access gap. The study countries have the technical and theoretical potential for all the renewable energies needed to ensure sustainable consumption. What is needed is to institute cornerstone financial policy de-risking instruments to crowd in private capital since the renewables sector is perceived as a high-risk area.
Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons in PM 2.5 and PM10 From Industrial Area of Odisha, India: Sources, Atmospheric Transport and Health Risk Assessment
Authors: Ekka Susmita , Sahu Sanjat Kumar , Dwivedi Sanjeev , Khuman Sanjenbam Nirmala , Das Shirsendu , Chakraborty Paromita
Published: February 2021

In this study we aim to assess 16 priority PAHs enlisted by the US Environmental Protection Agency in PM 2.5 and PM 10 for the first time from industrial areas of Odisha State in India. During 2017–2018, bimonthly sampling of PM 10 and PM 2.5 were carried out for 24 hours by respirable dust sampler and PM 2.5 sampler respectively, in the industrial and mining areas of Jharsuguda (n = 2) and Angul (n = 4) during the pre-monsoon, monsoon and post monsoonal seasons. Highest average concentration of ∑ 16 PAHs in PM 2.5 was observed during post monsoon (170 ng/m3) followed by pre-monsoon (17–89 ng/m3; avg, 48 ng/m3) and monsoonal season (2–40 ng/m3 ; avg, 16 ng/m 3 ), respectively. Similar trend of ∑ 16 PAHs levels in PM 10 was seen with higher levels during post monsoon (116–471 ng/m3; avg, 286 ng/m3) followed by pre-monsoon (avg, 81 ng/m3) and monsoon seasons (27 ng/m3. Diagnostic ratios BaA/(BaA + Chry), Phe/(Phe + Ant) and Flt/(Flt + Pyr) and principal component analysis (PCA) suggest diesel, gasoline and coal combustion are the major contributors for atmospheric PAHs pollution in Odisha. Back trajectories analysis revealed that PAHs concentration was affected majorly by air masses originating from the northwest direction traversing through central India. Toxic equivalents (TEQs) ranged between 0.24 to 94.13 ng TEQ/m3. In our study incremental lifetime cancer risk (ILCR) ranged between 10 − 5 and 10 − 3 representing potential cancer risk.
Boundary Control of A Flexible Rotatable Manipulator in Three-Dimensional Space With Input Constraints and Actuator Faults
Authors: Wang Jiacheng , Liu Jinkun , Cao Fangfei
Published: February 2021

In this paper, the boundary control problem of a flexible rotatable manipulator in Three-Dimensional space with input constraints and actuator faults is taken into account. The Hamilton principle is introduced to derive the dynamic model represented by partial differential equations (PDEs), which can accurately reflect the characteristics of the distributed parameters of the flexible system. The hyperbolic tangent function is adopted to ensure that the control input is within a bounded range, and the projection-based adaptive laws are designed to estimate the degree of unknown actuator failures. Satisfying the input constraints, the system can still remain stable when the actuator failures ensue. The flexible manipulator can track the required angle, and both the elastic deformation and the deformation rate are effectively suppressed simultaneously. The numerical simulation results further illustrate the effectiveness of the proposed controller.
Small for Gestational Age in Late Preterm Deliveries - The Impact of Antenatal Corticosteroids on Perinatal Outcome
Authors: ZLOTO KEREN , Krispin Eyal , Shmueli Anat , Hadar Eran , Salman Lina
Published: February 2021

Purpose

The aim of this study is to evaluate the impact of antenatal corticosteroids (ACS) on late preterm small for gestational age neonates.
Methods

A retrospective cohort study of all women, carrying a singleton gestation, who had late preterm delivery (34 + 0–36 + 6, gestational weeks) of small for gestational age neonates, in a single, tertiary, university-affiliated medical center (July 2012- December 2017). Exclusion criteria included: birth weight above the 10th percentile, termination of pregnancy and intrauterine fetal death. Outcomes were compared between those who were treated with ACS prior to delivery and those who did not receive ACS. The primary outcome was neonatal composite outcome which included: neonatal intensive care unit admission, respiratory distress syndrome, mechanical ventilation and transient tachypnea of the newborn.
Results

Overall, 228 women met inclusion criteria.102 (44.7%) received ACS and 126 did not (55.3%). Birth weight among non-ACS group was significantly higher (1880.38 ± 171.54 vs 1774.84 ± 229.15 grams p < 0.001). Rates of NICU and Jaundice requiring phototherapy were higher among the ACS group (53.92% vs 31.74%, p = 0.01 and 12.74% vs 5.55%, p = 0.05, respectively). Composite neonatal outcome was significantly higher among the ACS group (53.92% vs 32.53%, OR 2.42, CI 1.41–4.15, p = 0.01). After adjustment for potential confounders, using multivariate regression analysis this association remained significant (OR 2.38, 95% CI 1.39–4.10, p = 0.002).
Conclusion

Our findings suggest that ACS delivered during pregnancy did not improve respiratory adverse outcome for SGA neonates born in late preterm. ACS in this specific cohort might be associated with worse outcome than those not treated with ACS.
The Spatial Effect of Fiscal Decentralization on Haze Pollution in China
Authors: Cheng Zhonghua , Zhu Yeman
Published: February 2021

This paper empirically analyzes the effects of fiscal decentralization on haze pollution and its mechanism using statistical data from 285 Chinese cities from 2003 to 2016. The results show that increases in the degree of fiscal decentralization not only dramatically aggravate haze pollution in local areas but also significantly worsen the haze pollution in surrounding areas. Further mechanism analyses show that the increase in the degree of fiscal decentralization can also increase the volatility of haze pollution in local areas indicating that local governments do have the ability to control haze pollution in their local area according to their own preferences and interests. However, increases in the degree of fiscal decentralization in the local area can also reduce the volatility of haze pollution in surrounding areas at the same time, indicating that the adjustments in environmental policies in surrounding areas will significantly inhibit the control of environmental policies in the local area, thus preventing haze pollution in the local area from being effectively controlled. This means that there is a destructive environmental ‘Race to the Bottom’ competition between governments in order to compete in the game.
The Triglyceride-Glucose Index Is Associated With Atherosclerosis in Patients With Symptomatic Coronary Artery Disease
Authors: Hou Wenguang , Dong Zixian , Wu Hao , Wang Yuqing , Zhang Yufan , Li Jiao , Zhang Qianqian , Qi Xin , Wei Liping
Published: February 2021

Background

The triglyceride-glucose index (TyG index) has been suggested as a credible surrogate marker of insulin resistance (IR) for many years. Its value in predicting and diagnosing cardiovascular disease has been reported recently. However, few studies have reported that it can be used as a marker for atherosclerosis and coronary artery disease (CAD), which is one of the main causes of cardiovascular-related death. This study will attempt to prove that the TyG index can be a useful marker for predicting atherosclerosis and has diagnostic significance for symptomatic CAD.
Methods

The baseline data of 3059 cardiology patients, as well as their clinical data, biochemical parameters and medical histories, were collected from our clinical cases over the last three years. Further screening resulted in 1581 data points of symptomatic CAD. The TyG index was calculated by the formula Ln (fasting triglycerides (mg/dl) × fasting blood glucose (mg/dl)/2). CAD was defined as a nonzero Gensini score on coronary angiography. Participants were divided into four groups according to TyG index tertiles.
Results

We evaluated 1581 patients, and the majority were male (41.9%) and elderly (59.5%). Cardiometabolic risk factors were positively associated with the TyG index. Arterial damage, including carotid and coronary damage, was highly associated with the TyG index. After adjustment for sex, age and multiple risk factors, Poisson regression analysis indicated that the prevalence ratios for carotid plaque and coronary stenosis were 1.11 (95% Cl 0.55–2.11; P = 0.01) and 2.94 (95% Cl 0.58–1.50; P = 0.01), respectively. Moreover, the TyG index has better diagnostic efficacy for symptomatic CAD than do fasting glucose and triglycerides (AUC TyG = 0.734; AUC fasting glucose = 0.611; AUC triglyceride = 0.717).
Conclusion

The TyG index is a useful marker for predicting atherosclerosis and may be a diagnostic indicator for symptomatic CAD.
Study of The Tool Path Generation Method of an Ultra-Precision Spherical Complex Surface Based on a Five-Axis Machine Tool
Authors: Xing Tianji , Zhao Xuesen , Cui Zhipeng , Tan Rongkai , Sun Tao
Published: February 2021

The improvement of ultra-precision machining technology has significantly boosted the demand for the surface quality and surface accuracy of the workpieces to be machined. However, the geometric shapes of workpiece surfaces cannot be adequately manufactured with simple plane, cylindrical, or spherical surfaces because of their different applications in various fields. In this research, a method was proposed to generate tool paths for the machining of complex spherical surfaces based on an ultra-precise five-axis turning and milling machine with a C-Y-Z-X-B structure. Through the proposed tool path generation method, ultra-precise complex spherical surface machining was achieved. First, the complex spherical surface model was modeled and calculated, and then it was combined with the designed model to generate the tool path. Then the tool paths were generated with a numerically controlled (NC) program. Based on an ultra-precision three-coordinate measuring instrument and a white light interferometer, the machining accuracy of a workpiece surface was characterized, and t[1]he effectiveness of the provided tool path generation method was verified. The surface roughness of the machined workpiece was less than 90 nm. Furthermore, the surface roughness within the spherical region appeared to be less than 30 nm. The presented tool path generation method in this research produced ultra-precision spherical complex surfaces. The method could be applied to complex spherical surfaces with other characteristics.