bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
In-Form durch Re-Form: Systemtheoretische Notizen zur Pädagogisierung juveniler Körperkrisen / ln-form by Re-form: System Theory Reflections on the Education of Juvenile Body Crises
Authors: Körner Swen
Published: May 2016

Die empirische Dauerproduktion immer neuer Zahlenkolonnen lässt kaum Zweifel am Ernst der Lage: Deutsche Kinder stecken in einer nie da gewesenen Fett- und Fitnessmisere. Beachtliche Resonanzwerte bezieht diese alarmierende Befundlage nicht zuletzt im Revier sportpädagogischer Kommunikation, die feldgerecht auf unverzichtbare Lösungspotenziale verweisen kann. Der vorliegende Beitrag bringt „inkongruente Perspektiven“ (Luhmann) in Anschlag: Nach einer Analyse semantischer und struktureller Voraussetzungen der Kriseninklusion liegt das Augenmerk auf deren Funktionssinn: Dicke Kinder, unfitte Körper - es sind nicht zuletzt die allerneuesten somatogenen Trägheiten, an denen sich Dynamik sportpädagogischer Reformkommunikation gegenwärtig aufschaukelt. Abschließende Reflexionen spielen das Panorama übergangener „Risiken und Nebenwirkungen“ dieses Typs von Krisenkommunikation ein.
Sportbegeisterte Jungen, sportabstinente Mädchen? Eine quantitative Analyse der Sportvereinszugehörigkeit von Jungen und Mädchen mit ausländischer Herkunft / Boys Who Love Sports, Girls Who Don’t? A Quantitative Study of Sports Club Participation among Immigrant Boys and Girls
Authors: Mutz Michael
Published: May 2016

Der Beitrag legt Befunde zur Beteiligung von 15-jährigen Jugendlichen mit Migrationshintergrund am vereinsorganisierten Sport vor. Die Sportvereinszugehörigkeit wird aus einer geschlechterdifferentiellen Perspektive analysiert, aber auch mit der sprachlichen Akkulturation und der sozialstrukturellen Integration der Familie in Beziehung gesetzt. Die Ergebnisse zeigen, dass es sich bei den Jugendlichen mit Migrationshintergrund um eine sehr heterogene Gruppe handelt, die in Teilen durch eine sehr große Nähe, in Teilen aber auch durch eine sehr große Ferne zum Vereinssport gekennzeichnet ist. Vor allem bei den Mädchen wird der Zugang zum Sportverein stark von sozioökonomischen Lebensverhältnissen und von den kulturellen Normalitätsmustern der Familie mitdefiniert.
Mitgliedschaft junger Migranten in eigenethnischen Sportvereinen – Eine Sekundäranalyse auf Basis des Ausländersurveys / Adolescent Migrants’ Participation in Ethnic Sport Clubs – A Secondary Analysis based on the Ausländersurvey
Authors: Mutz Michael , Stahl Silvester
Published: May 2016

Die Beteiligung von Zuwanderern an ethnischen Sportvereinen lässt sich aus Mangel an statistischen Analysen zu diesem Thema bislang nicht präzise quantifizieren. Der Beitrag greift dieses Forschungsdesiderat auf. Er beruht auf einer Sekundäranalyse des Ausländersurveys, in dem junge Migranten türkischer, italienischer und griechischer Herkunft befragt wurden. Für diese Herkunftsgruppen wird zuerst die Beteiligung an eigenethnischen und deutschen Sportvereinen differenziert beschrieben. Anschließend werden verschiedene Personenmerkmale in einer multivariaten Regressionsanalyse darauf hin geprüft, inwieweit sie mit der Mitgliedschaft in einem eigenethnischen Sportverein zusammenhängen. Die Befunde belegen, dass die Beteiligung an eigenethnischen Sportvereinen mit sozialräumlichen Gelegenheitsstrukturen, der strukturellen und kulturellen Integration sowie mit der Bindung einzelner Migranten an ihr Herkunftsland korreliert.
Microbiota-Derived Phenylacetylglutamine Associates with Overall Mortality and Cardiovascular Disease in Patients with CKD
Authors: Poesen Ruben , Claes Kathleen , Evenepoel Pieter , de Loor Henriette , Augustijns Patrick , Kuypers Dirk , Meijers Björn
Published: May 2016

Colonic microbial metabolism substantially contributes to uremic solute production. p-Cresyl sulfate and indoxyl sulfate are the main representatives of solutes of microbial origin and also, protein-bound solutes, exhibiting high protein-binding affinity and dependence on tubular secretion. Phenylacetylglutamine is another microbial metabolite with high dependence on tubular secretion but low protein-binding affinity. The relevance of such solutes is unknown. Therefore, we prospectively followed 488 patients with CKD stages 1–5 and a measurement of serum phenylacetylglutamine by liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry. In a subgroup, we determined 24-hour urinary excretion as a surrogate of intestinal uptake as well as renal clearance of phenylacetylglutamine. We performed outcome analysis for mortality (51 events) and cardiovascular disease (75 events). Serum phenylacetylglutamine level correlated with 24-hour urinary excretion (rho=0.55; P<0.001) and clearance of phenylacetylglutamine (rho=−0.76; P<0.001). Phenylacetylglutamine clearance also correlated with eGFR (rho=0.84; P<0.001). Furthermore, serum phenylacetylglutamine level associated with mortality (hazard ratio per 1-SD increase, 1.77; 95% confidence interval, 1.22 to 2.57; P=0.003) and cardiovascular disease (hazard ratio, 1.79; 95% confidence interval, 1.32 to 2.41; P<0.001) after adjustment for age, sex, presence of diabetes mellitus, prior cardiovascular disease, and eGFR. Thus, serum phenylacetylglutamine level is elevated in patients with more advanced CKD and determined by intestinal uptake and renal clearance, and it is not fully accounted for by differences in eGFR. High serum phenylacetylglutamine level is a strong and independent risk factor for mortality and cardiovascular disease, suggesting the relevance of microbial metabolism and/or tubular dysfunction in CKD, irrespective of protein binding.
Features of the Motivational Level of the Internal Picture of the Disease in Patients Maxillofacial Surgery
Authors: Lukovtseva Z.V. , Litovka T.A.
Published: May 2016

The present study was carried out in line with the traditional domestic psychosomatic representations about the internal picture of the disease. The sample included 62 patients in the department of oral and maxillofacial surgery. With the help of a battery of techniques, substantially complementary, identified qualitative and quantitative features of the internal picture of the disease (WKB) in patients, male and female. It was found that barrier personal meaning of illness comes to the fore in the whole sample, but men are distinguished distrustful, cautious attitude to the recommendations of doctors and the whole treatment. Found significant sex differences of value orientations and strategies of coping behavior, which it is advisable to take into account when designing programs of psychological support of this group of patients in a hospital.
Comparison of the Effectiveness of Dramatherapy for Clients with Addiction under Treatment
Authors: Valenta M. , Krahulcova C. , Listiakova I.
Published: May 2016

This paper introduces the means of dramatherapy intervention at two sites - at the Centre for secondary prevention and treatment of addictions Military Hospital in Olomouc and Toxicological rehabilitation department 17B (community Mandala) Psychiatric Hospital in Kroměříž. The first workplace has a detoxifying and short-term intervention program (month), while the Mandala is implemented medium-term dramatherapy program (up to a half-year). The second part gives the results of the investigation, which was focused on finding differences (relations) between the client and the perception of the benefits of the concept dramatherapy intervention at the aforementioned sites - nvestigation did not show differences between evaluation intervention customers of both institutions.
Анализ влияния развития транспортной инфраструктуры на совокупную факторную производительность
Authors: Литвинова Юлия Олеговна , Пономарев Юрий Юрьевич
Published: May 2016

В настоящее время степень влияния развития транспортной инфраструктуры как инструмента горизонтальной промышленной политики на производительность отечественных предприятий на региональном уровне недостаточно изучена. В текущих экономических условиях, когда, с одной стороны, существует необходимость стимулирования роста экономики в краткосрочном периоде и создания условий для структурных изменений и увеличения темпов роста в среднесрочном периоде, а, с другой стороны, объем доступных финансовых средств ограничен, подобный анализ является особенно актуальным. Авторами статьи показано, что в регионах России существует значительный резерв увеличения плотности автодорожной сети, по мере устранения которого будет происходить рост совокупной производительности отечественных предприятий. При этом акцент необходимо сделать, в первую очередь, на развитии дорог в рамках формирования и модернизации протяженных автодорожных маршрутов с учетом возможности их включения в системы мультимодальных перевозок.
Локальная кластерная модель лесного комплекса: центры многоцелевого лесопользования и зонтичная структура как ее доминанты
Authors: Резанов Константин Владимирович
Published: May 2016

Целью является разработка исходных принципов формирования лесных кластеров. В статье показано, что глобальная кластерная модель образуется на основе взаимодействия и коэволюции локальных кластеров. Приводится классификация локальных кластеров. Локальный кластер рассматривается функционально и структурно, то есть выделяются основные его функции в соответствии с принципами устойчивого развития и определяются элементы – центр многоцелевого лесопользования и зонтичная структура, а также его инфраструктура. Делается вывод о том, что создание кластеров возможно лишь на основе системного построения кластерных технологий. Результаты исследования предназначены для специалистов лесного комплекса.
Общие вопросы теории и методологии составления показателей межотраслевого баланса в постоянных ценах
Authors: Ульбашев Азамат Хусейнович
Published: May 2016

В статье представлен анализ основных методологических постулатов, задач и проблем в сфере оценки показателей межотраслевого баланса в постоянных ценах. Автором предпринимается попытка разработки и исследования методики построения дефляторов для получения показателей межотраслевого баланса в ценах покупателей, в основных ценах и ценах производителей. В заключение отмечается важность поставленной задачи, определяющаяся значительным практическим и функциональным потенциалом реализации соответствующей методики статистическими ведомствами и экспертными организациями в области макроэкономической статистики и национальных счетов.
Interactive Effects of Trees and Nitrogen Supply on the Agronomic Characteristics of Warm‐Climate Grasses
Authors: da Silveira Pontes Laíse , Giostri André Faé , Baldissera Tiago Celso , Barro Raquel Santiago , Stafin Giliardi , Porfírio‐da‐Silva Vanderley , Moletta José Luiz , César de Faccio Carvalho Paulo
Published: May 2016

Plant adaptations to cope with shade may vary according to the degree of shade tolerance and nutrient availability for each species. Studies of different understory species and their responses to combined shade and N effects are important to identify ways to optimize the quantity and quality of forage production. Our objective was to measure the dry matter yield (DMY) and nutritive value of six C4 grasses grown in two systems (full sunlight [FS] vs. a naturally shaded system composed of Eucalyptus dunnii Maiden trees) with two N levels (0 vs. 300 kg N ha−1yr−1) using the same target sward conditions (i.e., 50% depletion of the canopy height set by 95% light interception). Over 3 yr, the decreases in DMY under shade compared with FS ranged from 7% [Urochloa brizantha (Hochst. ex A. Rich) R.D. Webster] to 56% (Cynodon spp.) in fertilized treatments and between 11% (Paspalum notatum Fluegge) to 46% (Cynodon spp.) in treatments without N. The N effect was more important to the nutritive value of the forage than the shade effect, particularly for crude protein (CP, +46 g kg−1 with N supply), acid detergent fiber (ADF, –46 g kg−1) and leaf proportion (+11.2%). However, most of the species displayed higher leaf digestibility under shade due to decreases in ADF. Even with intense shading (light approximately 48% of unshaded), the digestible DMY and CP yield under trees were, on average, 70 and 71% of the 6.8 and 1.4 t ha−1 recorded in FS, respectively.

Core Ideas

The study identifies C4 species for the optimization of forage production under trees.

Nitrogen and shade have combined effects on forage production and nutritive value.

Limitations and benefits of integrated crop–livestock systems with trees.

Shade effects on nutritive value occur at the leaf level and of the total biomass harvested.
Comparison of Phenotyping Methods for Resistance to Stem Rot and Aggregated Sheath Spot in Rice
Authors: Rosas Juan E. , Martínez Sebastián , Bonnecarrère Victoria , Pérez de Vida Fernando , Blanco Pedro , Malosetti Marcos , Jannink Jean‐Luc , Gutiérrez Lucía
Published: May 2016

Stem and sheath diseases caused by Sclerotium oryzae Cattaneo (SCL) and Rhizoctonia oryzae‐sativae Sawada Mordue (ROS) can severely reduce rice (Oryza sativa L.) yield and grain quality. Genetic resistance is the best strategy to control them. Phenotypic selection for resistance is hampered due to a heterogeneous distribution of the inoculum in the soil that generates high environmental variability and decreases genetic gain. To have higher selection accuracy it is necessary to develop phenotyping methods with high repeatability and discriminative power. Comparison of greenhouse methods have been reported for Rhizoctonia solani Kühn, a more invasive pathogen than SCL and ROS, and for SCL, but no such comparisons are reported for ROS. Our study compares five inoculation methods for SCL and ROS to identify the more discriminant and repeatable method and to apply it for high‐throughput phenotyping of hundreds of rice lines. A method that uses an agar disc with growing mycelium attached to the base of stems was found to have the best balance between discrimination among genotypes and variability among replicates of the same genotype for both pathogens. This method was used in five greenhouse experiments for phenotyping resistance to SCL and ROS in a population of 641 rice advanced breeding lines. Heritabilities of resistance ranged from 0.36 to 0.71 in these experiments. These findings have a direct application in screening for resistance of rice to SCL and ROS, and in high‐throughput phenotyping for mapping loci associated to disease resistance.
Variability of Beryllium‐7 and Its Potential for Documenting Soil and Soil Organic Carbon Redistribution by Erosion
Authors: Li Zhongwu , Lu Yinmei , Nie Xiaodong , Huang Bin , Ma Wenming , Liu Chun , Xiao Haibing
Published: May 2016

Core Ideas

The 7Be technique can quantify soil and SOC redistribution under short‐term erosion.

The heavy erosion happened in the up‐middle and down‐middle location of the slope.

Depending on the weather, plowing can result in a substantial increase in erosion.

Limited understanding of the redistribution of soil and soil organic C (SOC) within landscapes and their corresponding delivery ratios is available. To improve this assignment, the beryllium‐7 (7Be) technique and a simple conversion model were used to estimate soil and SOC redistribution rates on a sloping cropland plot (5 m wide and 15 m long with a slope of 10°) in the hilly red soil region of southern China. Results showed that the soil erosion and deposition rates were relatively consistent with the magnitude of a rainfall event, and the estimated net soil and SOC losses were close to the measured values. These findings suggested the potential of 7Be measurements in quantifying soil and SOC redistribution patterns associated with short‐term erosion from heavy rainfalls. The spatial redistribution patterns of soil and SOC presented alternating erosion–deposition patterns from the slope crest to the bottom. Heavy erosion occurred in the upper‐ and lower‐middle regions of the slope. The estimated net soil and SOC loss were 1.14 kg m−2 and 23.00 g m−2 for tillage from spring to summer (S–S, March–July 2013), clearly exceeding the soil (0.017 kg m−2) and SOC loss (0.43 g m−2)observed for no tillage from summer to winter (S–W, July 2013–January 2014). The sediment delivery rates in the two periods were calculated to be 64.41 and 2.51%, respectively, and the SOC delivery rates were estimated to be 58.17 and 6.48%, respectively. Depending on the weather conditions, tillage can result in a substantial increase in soil and SOC loss under traditional land use.
Laminar forced convection in a cylindrical collinear ohmic sterilizer
Authors: Pesso Tommaso , Piva Stefano
Published: May 2016

The present work deals with a thermo-fluid analysis of a collinear cylindrical ohmic heater in laminar flow. The geometry of interest is a circular electrically insulated glass pipe with two electrodes at the pipe ends. For this application, since the electrical conductivity of a liquid food depends strongly on the temperature, the thermal analysis of an ohmic heater requires the simultaneous solution of the electric and thermal fields. In the present work the analysis involves decoupling the previous fields by means of an iterative procedure. The thermal field has been calculated using an analytical solution, which leads to fast calculations for the temperature distribution in the heater. Some considerations of practical interest for the design are also given.
Influence of combustion instabilities on the heater appliance with atmospheric gas burner and their elimination by cross flow of air
Authors: Fotev Vasko , Adzic Miroljub , Milivojevic Aleksandar
Published: May 2016

This paper presents results of experimental investigation on elimination of
combustion oscillations caused by new low pollution burner which was
integrated in a gas heater. The method is known as a passive method, based on
introducing the air in the combustion chamber. Because the efficacy of the
method is highly dependent of the way the air is injected some methods were
investigated and compared. The paper also presents effects on pollution
characteristics during its operation in the unstable regime.
Impact assessment of concentrate recirculation on the landfill gas production
Authors: Dzolev Nikola , Vujic Goran
Published: May 2016

This paper explores the impact of concentrate recirculation, as a product of
leachate treated by reverse osmosis plant, on the production of landfill gas
at the real-scale landfill for municipal solid waste. In an effort to come up
with results experimental measurements were carried out at the landfill in
Bijeljina. All measurements performed, were divided into 3 groups. The aims
of two groups of measurement were to determine landfill gas and methane yield
from concentrate and leachate in laboratory conditions (1st group) and to
find out concentrations of oxidizing matters (COD and BOD5) present in
leachate and concentrate at different points of treatment as well as its
variability over the time (2nd group) which could be used to calculate the
potential of landfill gas and methane generation from concentrate by
recirculation, theoretically. 3rd group of measurements, carried out in
parallel, have goal to determine the quality and quantity of the collected
landfill gas at wells throughout the landfill. The results of analysis
carried out in this experimental research show the clear evidence of
concentrate recirculation impact on methane production by increasing the
landfill gas flow, as well as its concentration within the landfill gas
composition, at the nearby well. Although results indicated relatively high
impact of concentrate recirculation on landfill gas production, comparing to
its theoretical potential, the influence on the landfill at whole, is
negligible, due to relatively low volumes in recirculation with respect to
its size and objectively low potential given by organic matter present in
concentrate.
Skeptical Judgments and Self-Construal: A Comparative Study between Chinese Accounting Students in Australia and China
Authors: Ying Sammy X. , Patel Chris
Published: May 2016

We contribute to the literature on professional skepticism by examining the influence of a relevant antecedent personality variable, namely self-construal on skeptical judgments. We examine how Chinese accounting students in two distinct learning and cultural environments, Australia and China, are likely to differ in their self-construal, and how these differences may influence their skeptical judgments. We used final-year undergraduate accounting students as proxies for entry-level auditors. Our results show that Chinese accounting students in Australia scored higher on measures of independent and lower on measures of interdependent self-construal than their counterparts in China. Furthermore, we examine the influence of self-construal on skeptical judgments through two conflicting and competing perspectives, namely auditors' perceived relationship with clients' management and auditors' perceived relationship with their superiors. Our results support the perspective based on auditors' perceived relationship with their superiors and show that interdependents are more skeptical than independents. We argue that interdependents are more concerned with pleasing and maintaining harmonious relationships with their superiors. Therefore, they are more cautious and more rigorous in carrying out their audit duties in order to ensure that they are not criticized by superiors. These findings suggest that possible competing and conflicting perspectives need to be taken into account when examining skeptical judgments.

Data Availability: The research instrument is available from the first author.
Surgeon interrater reliability in the endoscopic assessment of cistern scarring and aqueduct patency
Authors: He Lucy , Gannon Stephen , Shannon Chevis N. , Rocque Brandon G. , Riva-Cambrin Jay , Naftel Robert P.
Published: May 2016

OBJECTIVE

The success of endoscopic third ventriculostomy with choroid plexus cauterization may have associations with age, etiology of hydrocephalus, previous shunting, cisternal scarring, and possibly aqueduct patency. This study aimed to measure interrater reliability among surgeons in identifying cisternal scarring and aqueduct patency.

METHODS

Using published definitions of cistern scarring and aqueduct patency, 7 neuroendoscopists with training from Dr. Warf in Uganda and 7 neuroendoscopists who were not trained by Dr. Warf rated cistern status from 30 operative videos and aqueduct patency from 26 operative videos. Interrater agreement was calculated using Fleiss' kappa coefficient (κ). Fisher's 2-tailed exact test was used to identify differences in the rates of agreement between the Warf-trained and nontrained groups compared with Dr. Warf's reference answer.

RESULTS

Aqueduct status, among all raters, showed substantial agreement with κ = 0.663 (confidence interval [CI] 0.626–0.701); within the trained group and nontrained groups, there was substantial agreement with κ = 0.677 (CI 0.593–0.761) and κ = 0.631 (CI 0.547–0.715), respectively. The identification of cistern scarring was less reliable, with moderate agreement among all raters with κ = 0.536 (CI 0.501–0.571); within the trained group and nontrained groups, there was moderate agreement with κ = 0.555 (CI 0.477–0.633) and κ = 0.542 (CI 0.464–0.620), respectively. There was no statistically significant difference in the amount of agreement between groups compared with Dr. Warf's reference.

CONCLUSIONS

Regardless of training with Dr. Warf, all neuroendoscopists could identify scarred cisterns and aqueduct patency with similar reliability, emphasizing the strength of the published definitions. This makes the identification of this risk factor for failure generalizable for surgical decision making and research studies.
Morphometric analysis of the developing pediatric cervical spine
Authors: Johnson Kyle T. , Al-Holou Wajd N. , Anderson Richard C. E. , Wilson Thomas J. , Karnati Tejas , Ibrahim Mohannad , Garton Hugh J. L. , Maher Cormac O.
Published: May 2016

OBJECTIVE

Our understanding of pediatric cervical spine development remains incomplete. The purpose of this analysis was to quantitatively define cervical spine growth in a population of children with normal CT scans.

METHODS

A total of 1458 children older than 1 year and younger than 18 years of age who had undergone a cervical spine CT scan at the authors' institution were identified. Subjects were separated by sex and age (in years) into 34 groups. Following this assignment, subjects within each group were randomly selected for inclusion until a target of 15 subjects in each group had been measured. Linear measurements were performed on the midsagittal image of the cervical spine. Twenty-three unique measurements were obtained for each subject.

RESULTS

Data showed that normal vertical growth of the pediatric cervical spine continues up to 18 years of age in boys and 14 years of age in girls. Approximately 75% of the vertical growth occurs throughout the subaxial spine and 25% occurs across the craniovertebral region. The C-2 body is the largest single-segment contributor to vertical growth, but the subaxial vertebral bodies and disc spaces also contribute. Overall vertical growth of the cervical spine throughout childhood is dependent on individual vertebral body growth as well as vertical growth of the disc spaces. The majority of spinal canal diameter growth occurs by 4 years of age.

CONCLUSIONS

The authors' morphometric analyses establish parameters for normal pediatric cervical spine growth up to 18 years of age. These data should be considered when evaluating children for potential surgical intervention and provide a basis of comparison for studies investigating the effects of cervical spine instrumentation and fusion on subsequent growth.
Limitations and Prospects for Diffusion-Weighted MRI of the Prostate
Authors: Bourne Roger , Panagiotaki Eleftheria
Published: May 2016

Diffusion-weighted imaging (DWI) is the most effective component of the modern multi-parametric magnetic resonance imaging (mpMRI) scan for prostate pathology. DWI provides the strongest prediction of cancer volume, and the apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC) correlates moderately with Gleason grade. Notwithstanding the demonstrated cancer assessment value of DWI, the standard measurement and signal analysis methods are based on a model of water diffusion dynamics that is well known to be invalid in human tissue. This review describes the biophysical limitations of the DWI component of the current standard mpMRI protocol and the potential for significantly improved cancer assessment performance based on more sophisticated measurement and signal modeling techniques.
Value and Pricing of MOOCs
Authors: Baker Rose , Passmore David
Published: May 2016

Reviewed in this article is the potential for Massive Open Online Courses (MOOCs) to transform higher education delivery, accessibility, and costs. Next, five major value propositions for MOOCs are considered (headhunting, certification, face-to-face learning, personalized learning, integration with services external to the MOOC, marketing). Then, four pricing strategies for MOOCs are examined (cross-subsidy, third-party, “freemium”, nonmonetary). Although the MOOC movement has experienced growing pains similar to most innovations, we assert that the unyielding pace of improvements in network technologies combined with the need to tame the costs of higher education will create continuing demand for MOOC offerings.
A Case of Acute Osteomyelitis: An Update on Diagnosis and Treatment
Authors: Chiappini Elena , Mastrangelo Greta , Lazzeri Simone
Published: May 2016

Osteomyelitis in children is a serious disease in children requiring early diagnosis and treatment to minimize the risk of sequelae. Therefore, it is of primary importance to recognize the signs and symptoms at the onset and to properly use the available diagnostic tools. It is important to maintain a high index of suspicion and be aware of the evolving epidemiology and of the emergence of antibiotic resistant and aggressive strains requiring careful monitoring and targeted therapy. Hereby we present an instructive case and review the literature data on diagnosis and treatment.
Metabolomic Profiling of Bradyrhizobium diazoefficiens-Induced Root Nodules Reveals Both Host Plant-Specific and Developmental Signatures
Authors: Lardi Martina , Murset Valérie , Fischer Hans-Martin , Mesa Socorro , Ahrens Christian , Zamboni Nicola , Pessi Gabriella
Published: May 2016

Bradyrhizobium diazoefficiens is a nitrogen-fixing endosymbiont, which can grow inside root-nodule cells of the agriculturally important soybean and other host plants. Our previous studies described B. diazoefficiens host-specific global expression changes occurring during legume infection at the transcript and protein level. In order to further characterize nodule metabolism, we here determine by flow injection–time-of-flight mass spectrometry analysis the metabolome of (i) nodules and roots from four different B. diazoefficiens host plants; (ii) soybean nodules harvested at different time points during nodule development; and (iii) soybean nodules infected by two strains mutated in key genes for nitrogen fixation, respectively. Ribose (soybean), tartaric acid (mungbean), hydroxybutanoyloxybutanoate (siratro) and catechol (cowpea) were among the metabolites found to be specifically elevated in one of the respective host plants. While the level of C4-dicarboxylic acids decreased during soybean nodule development, we observed an accumulation of trehalose-phosphate at 21 days post infection (dpi). Moreover, nodules from non-nitrogen-fixing bacteroids (nifA and nifH mutants) showed specific metabolic alterations; these were also supported by independent transcriptomics data. The alterations included signs of nitrogen limitation in both mutants, and an increased level of a phytoalexin in nodules induced by the nifA mutant, suggesting that the tissue of these nodules exhibits defense and stress reactions.
Association of Genetic Polymorphisms of Renin–Angiotensin–Aldosterone System-Related Genes with Arterio-Venous Fistula Malfunction in Hemodialysis Patients
Authors: Chen Yu-Wei , Wu Yu-Te , Lin Jhin-Shyaun , Yang Wu-Chang , Hsu Yung-Ho , Lee Kuo-Hua , Ou Shou-Ming , Chen Yung-Tai , Shih Chia-Jen , Lee Pui-Ching , Chan Chia-Hao , Chung Ming-Yi , Lin Chih-Ching
Published: May 2016

Hemodialysis (HD) is the most commonly-used renal replacement therapy for patients with end-stage renal disease worldwide. Arterio-venous fistula (AVF) is the vascular access of choice for HD patients with lowest risk of infection and thrombosis. In addition to environmental factors, genetic factors may also contribute to malfunction of AVF. Previous studies have demonstrated the effect of genotype polymorphisms of angiotensin converting enzyme on vascular access malfunction. We conducted a multicenter, cross-sectional study to evaluate the association between genetic polymorphisms of renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system and AVF malfunction. Totally, 577 patients were enrolled. Their mean age was 60 years old and 53% were male. HD patients with AVF malfunction had longer duration of HD (92.5 ± 68.1 vs. 61.2 ± 51.9 months, p < 0.001), lower prevalence of hypertension (44.8% vs. 55.3%, p = 0.025), right-sided (31.8% vs. 18.4%, p = 0.002) and upper arm AVF (26.6% vs. 9.7%, p < 0.001), and higher mean dynamic venous pressure (DVP) (147.8 ± 28.3 vs. 139.8 ± 30.0, p = 0.021). In subgroup analysis of different genders, location of AVF and DVP remained significant clinical risk factors of AVF malfunction in univariate and multivariate binary logistic regression in female HD patients. Among male HD patients, univariate binary logistic regression analysis revealed that right-side AVF and upper arm location are two important clinical risk factors. In addition, two single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs), rs275653 (Odds ratio 1.90, p = 0.038) and rs1492099 (Odds ratio 2.29, p = 0.017) of angiotensin II receptor 1 (AGTR1), were associated with increased risk of AVF malfunction. After adjustment for age and other clinical factors, minor allele-containing genotype polymorphisms (AA and CA) of rs1492099 still remained to be a significant risk factor of AVF malfunction (Odds ratio 3.63, p = 0.005). In conclusion, we demonstrated that rs1492099, a SNP of AGTR1 gene, could be a potential genetic risk factor of AVF malfunction in male HD patients.
The Role of Anode Manufacturing Processes in Net Carbon Consumption
Authors: Khaji Khalil , Al Qassemi Mohammed
Published: May 2016

Carbon anodes are consumed in electrolysis cells during aluminum production. Carbon consumption in pre-bake anode cells is 400–450 kg C/t Al, considerably higher than the theoretical consumption of 334 kg C/t Al. This excess carbon consumption is partly due to the anode manufacturing processes. Net carbon consumption over the last three years at Emirates Aluminium (EMAL, also known as Emirates Global Aluminium (EGA) Al Taweelah) was analyzed with respect to anode manufacturing processes/parameters. The analysis indicates a relationship between net carbon consumption and many manufacturing processes, including anode desulfurization during anode baking. Anode desulfurization appears to increase the reaction surface area, thereby helping the Boudouard reaction between carbon and carbon dioxide in the electrolysis zone, as well as reducing the presence of sulfur which could inhibit this reaction. This paper presents correlations noted between anode manufacturing parameters and baked anode properties, and their impact on the net carbon consumption in electrolytic pots. Anode reactivities affect the carbon consumption in the pots during the electrolysis of alumina. Pitch content in anodes, impurities in anodes, and anode desulfurization during baking were studied to find their influence on anode reactivities. The understanding gained through this analysis helped reduce net carbon consumption by adjusting manufacturing processes. For an aluminum smelter producing one million tonnes of aluminum per year, the annual savings could be as much as US $0.45 million for every kg reduction in net carbon consumption.
Analysis of the Driving Factors and Contributions to Carbon Emissions of Energy Consumption from the Perspective of the Peak Volume and Time Based on LEAP
Authors: Tian Lei , Ding Zhe , Wang Yongxuan , Duan Haiyan , Wang Shuo , Tang Jie , Wang Xian’en
Published: May 2016

Studying the driving factors and contributions of carbon emissions peak volume and time is essential for reducing the cumulative carbon emissions in developing countries with rapid economic development and increasing carbon emissions. Taking Jilin Province as a case study, four scenarios were set in this paper respectively: Business as Usual Scenario (BAU), Energy-Saving Scenario (ESS), Energy-Saving and Low-Carbon Scenario (ELS), and Low-Carbon Scenario (LCS). Furthermore, the carbon emissions were predicted according to the energy consumption based on the application of LEAP system. The research result showed that the peak time of carbon emissions would appear in 2045, 2040, 2035 and 2025 under the four different scenarios, respectively. The peak volumes would be 489.8 Mt, 395.2 Mt, 305.3 Mt and 233.6 Mt, respectively. The cumulative emissions by 2050 are respectively 15.632 Bt, 13.321 Bt, 10.971 Bt and 8.379 Bt. According to the forecasting, we analyzed the driving factors of and contributions to carbon emissions peak volume and time. On the premise of moderate economic growth, the “structural emission reduction”, namely the adjustment of industrial structure and energy structure, and “technology emission reduction”, namely the reduction of energy intensity and carbon emission coefficient could make the peak volume reduced by 20%–52% and cumulative carbon emissions (2050) reduced by 15%–46% on the basis of BAU. Meanwhile, controlling the industrial structure, energy structure and energy intensity could make carbon emissions reach the peak 5–20 years ahead of the time on the basis of BAU. Controlling GDP, industrial structure, energy structure, energy intensity and coefficient of carbon emissions is the feasible method to adjust the carbon emissions peak volume and time in order to reduce the cumulative emissions.
N. meningitidis and TLR Polymorphisms: A Fascinating Immunomodulatory Network
Authors: Gianchecchi Elena , Torelli Alessandro , Piccini Giulia , Piccirella Simona , Montomoli Emanuele
Published: May 2016

N. meningitidis infections represent a global health problem that can lead to the development of serious permanent sequelae. Although the use of antibiotics and prevention via vaccination have reduced the incidence of meningococcal disease, our understanding regarding N. meningitidis pathogenesis is still limited, especially of those mechanisms responsible for IMD and fulminant or deadly septic shock. These severe clinical presentations occur in a limited number of subjects, whereas about 10% of healthy individuals are estimated to carry the bacteria as a commensal. Since TLR activation is involved in the defense against N. meningitidis, several studies have highlighted the association between host TLR SNPs and a higher susceptibility and severity of N. meningitidis infections. Moreover, TLR SNPs induced variations in immunological responses and in their persistence upon vaccination against meningococcal disease. In the absence of mass vaccination programs, the early identification of risk factors for meningococcal disease would be recommended in order to start immunization strategies and antibiotic treatment in those subjects carrying the risk variants. In addition, it could allow us to identify individuals with a higher risk for severe disease and sequelae in order to develop a personalized healthcare of high-risk subjects based on their genomic profile. In this review, we have illustrated important preliminary correlations between TLR variants and meningococcal susceptibility/severity and with vaccine-induced immune responses.
THE COLLAPSE OF THE WIEN TAIL IN THE COLDEST BROWN DWARF? HUBBLE SPACE TELESCOPE NEAR-INFRARED PHOTOMETRY OF WISE J085510.83–071442.5
Authors: Schneider Adam C. , Cushing Michael C. , Kirkpatrick J. Davy , Gelino Christopher R.
Published: May 2016

We present Hubble Space Telescope (HST) near-infrared photometry of the coldest known brown dwarf, WISE J085510.83−071442.5 (WISE 0855−0714). WISE 0855−0714 was observed with the Wide Field Camera 3 (WFC3) on board HST using the F105W, F125W, and F160W filters, which approximate the Y, J, and H near-infrared bands. WISE 0855−0714 is undetected at F105W with a corresponding 2σ magnitude limit of ∼26.9. We marginally detect WISE 0855−0714 in the F125W images (S/N ∼ 4), with a measured magnitude of 26.41 ± 0.27, more than a magnitude fainter than the J-band magnitude reported by Faherty et al. WISE J0855−0714 is clearly detected in the F160W band, with a magnitude of 23.86 ± 0.03, the first secure detection of WISE 0855−0714 in the near-infrared. Based on these data, we find that WISE 0855−0714 has extremely red

F
105
W
−
F
125
W

and

F
125
W
−
F
160
W

colors relative to other known Y dwarfs. We find that when compared to the models of Saumon et al. and Morley et al., the

F
105
W
−
F
125
W

and

F
125
W
−
F
160
W

colors of WISE 0855−0714 cannot be accounted for simultaneously. These colors likely indicate that we are seeing the collapse of flux on the Wien tail for this extremely cold object.
Framework for Teaching Psychomotor and Procedural Skills in Nursing
Authors: Oermann Marilyn H. , Muckler Virginia C. , Morgan Brett
Published: May 2016

The development of psychomotor and procedural skills requires opportunities for repetitive practice combined with specific, informational feedback from the teacher, another expert, or simulator to correct performance errors. Practice enables learners to refine skills and progress through the phases of motor learning: cognitive, associative, and autonomous. Practice should be spaced over time, can occur in dyads, and can rapidly cycle between practicing and receiving feedback and coaching until skills are mastered. The purpose of this article is to examine psychomotor skill learning in nursing and to suggest strategies for nurse educators in teaching motor and procedural skills in nursing programs, as well as in clinical settings.

J Contin Educ Nurs.
2016;47(6):278–282.
High-Order Mesh Generation for Discontinuous Galerkin Methods Based on Elastic Deformation
Authors: Lu Hongqiang , Cao Kai , Bian Lechao , Wu Yizhao
Published: May 2016

In this paper, a high-order curved mesh generation method for Discontinuous Galerkin methods is introduced. First, a regular mesh is generated. Second, the solid surface is re-constructed using cubic polynomial. Third, the elastic governing equations are solved using high-order finite element method to provide a fully or partly curved grid. Numerical tests indicate that the intersection between element boundaries can be avoided by carefully defining the elasticity modulus.
A Qualitative Examination of Challenges Influencing Doctoral Students in an Online Doctoral Program
Authors: Deshpande Anant
Published: May 2016

The main purpose of the study was to investigate the challenges faced by students in completion of an online doctoral program at the University of Liverpool, Online Doctoral Business Administration program. We analyse the responses of 91 doctoral students in an online DBA program. Based on the exploratory qualitative study themes were developed based on student perceptions. Various themes identified were course structure and workload, resources, absence of human interaction, technological challenges, support systems, and satisfaction with instructor and quality of instruction. Discussion, Implications and avenues for future research are presented.
Metastatic Renal Cell Carcinoma to the Pancreas: A Review
Authors: Cheng Shaun Kian Hong , Chuah Khoon Leong
Published: May 2016

The pancreas is an unusual site for tumor metastasis, accounting for only 2% to 5% of all malignancies affecting the pancreas. The more common metastases affecting the pancreas include renal cell carcinomas, melanomas, colorectal carcinomas, breast carcinomas, and sarcomas. Although pancreatic involvement by nonrenal malignancies indicates widespread systemic disease, metastatic renal cell carcinoma to the pancreas often represents an isolated event and is thus amenable to surgical resection, which is associated with long-term survival. As such, it is important to accurately diagnose pancreatic involvement by metastatic renal cell carcinoma on histology, especially given that renal cell carcinoma metastasis may manifest more than a decade after its initial presentation and diagnosis. In this review, we discuss the clinicopathologic findings of isolated renal cell carcinoma metastases of the pancreas, with special emphasis on separating metastatic renal cell carcinoma and its various differential diagnoses in the pancreas.
Utility of Shear Wave Elastography for Differentiating Biliary Atresia From Infantile Hepatitis Syndrome
Authors: Wang Xiaoman , Qian Linxue , Jia Liqun , Bellah Richard , Wang Ning , Xin Yue , Liu Qinglin
Published: May 2016

Objectives

The purpose of this study was to investigate the potential utility of shear wave elastography (SWE) for diagnosis of biliary atresia and for differentiating biliary atresia from infantile hepatitis syndrome by measuring liver stiffness.

Methods

Thirty‐eight patients with biliary atresia and 17 patients with infantile hepatitis syndrome were included, along with 31 healthy control infants. The 3 groups underwent SWE. The hepatic tissue of each patient with biliary atresia had been surgically biopsied. Statistical analyses for mean values of the 3 groups were performed. Optimum cutoff values using SWE for differentiation between the biliary atresia and control groups were calculated by a receiver operating characteristic (ROC) analysis.

Results

The mean SWE values ± SD for the 3 groups were as follows: biliary atresia group, 20.46 ± 10.19 kPa; infantile hepatitis syndrome group, 6.29 ± 0.99 kPa; and control group, 6.41 ± 1.08 kPa. The mean SWE value for the biliary atresia group was higher than the values for the control and infantile hepatitis syndrome groups (P < .01). The mean SWE values between the control and infantile hepatitis syndrome groups were not statistically different. The ROC analysis showed a cutoff value of 8.68 kPa for differentiation between the biliary atresia and control groups. The area under the ROC curve was 0.997, with sensitivity of 97.4%, specificity of 100%, a positive predictive value of 100%, and a negative predictive value of 96.9%. Correlation analysis suggested a positive correlation between SWE values and age for patients with biliary atresia, with a Pearson correlation coefficient of 0.463 (P < .05).

Conclusions

The significant increase in liver SWE values in neonates and infants with biliary atresia supports their application for differentiating biliary atresia from infantile hepatitis syndrome.
The Sicily Channel surface circulation revisited using a neural clustering analysis of a high‐resolution simulation
Authors: Jouini Manel , Béranger Karine , Arsouze Thomas , Beuvier Jonathan , Thiria Sylvie , Crépon Michel , Taupier‐Letage Isabelle
Published: May 2016

The Sicily Channel surface circulation is investigated by analyzing the outputs of a high‐resolution ocean model MED12 forced during 46 years by the ARPERA atmospheric fields. Applying a neural network classifier, we show that the surface circulation in the Sicily Channel can be decomposed into 8 modes characterizing the major patterns of that circulation, particularly the Algerian Current separation at the entrance to the Sicily Channel, the features of the Atlantic Tunisian Current and of the Atlantic Ionian Stream. These modes reflect the variability of the circulation in space and time at seasonal and inter‐annual scales. Some modes preferably occur in winter whilst others are characteristic of summer. The mode sequence presents an inter‐annual variability in good agreement with observations. The topography of the Sicily Channel sill plays a major role in steering the circulation. In particular the summer upwelling along the southern coast of Sicily, which is present in several modes, could be explained by a large‐scale density forcing. A combination of barotropic/baroclinic double Kelvin waves generated on both sides of the sill provides a mechanism for explaining the complexity of the surface circulation advecting the surface waters from the Western Mediterranean toward the Eastern Mediterranean, the most salient features of which are the Atlantic Tunisian Current, the Atlantic Ionian Stream and the Tyrrhenian Sicilian Current which is a new feature highlighted by the present study.
Field observations of turbulent dissipation rate profiles immediately below the air‐water interface
Authors: Wang Binbin , Liao Qian
Published: May 2016

Near surface profiles of turbulence immediately below the air‐water interface were measured with a free‐floating Particle Image Velocimetry (PIV) system on Lake Michigan. The surface‐following configuration allowed the system to measure the statistics of the aqueous‐side turbulence in the topmost layer immediately below the water surface (
cm, z points downward with 0 at the interface). Profiles of turbulent dissipation rate (ε) were investigated under a variety of wind and wave conditions. Various methods were applied to estimate the dissipation rate. Results suggest that these methods yield consistent dissipation rate profiles with reasonable scattering. In general, the dissipation rate decreases from the water surface following a power law relation in the top layer,
, i.e., the slope of the decrease was lower than that predicted by the wall turbulence theory, and the dissipation was considerably higher in the top layer for cases with higher wave ages. The measured dissipation rate profiles collapse when they were normalized with the wave speed, wave height, water‐side friction velocity, and the wave age. This scaling suggests that the enhanced turbulence may be attributed to the additional source of turbulent kinetic energy (TKE) at the “skin layer” (likely due to micro‐breaking), and its downward transport in the water column.