bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Impact of Clinical Characteristics and Statins on Coronary Plaque Progression by Serial Computed Tomography Angiography
Authors: Smit Jeff M. , van Rosendael Alexander R. , El Mahdiui Mohammed , Neglia Danilo , Knuuti Juhani , Saraste Antti , Buechel Ronny R. , Teresinska Anna , Pizzi Maria N. , Roque Albert , Poddighe Rosa , Mertens Bart J. , Caselli Chiara , Rocchiccioli Silvia , Parodi Oberdan , Pelosi Gualtiero , Scholte Arthur J.
Published: March 2020

Background

Progression of coronary artery disease using serial coronary computed tomography angiography (CTA) is of clinical interest. Our primary aim was to prospectively assess the impact of clinical characteristics and statin use on quantitatively assessed coronary plaque progression in a low-risk study population during long-term follow-up.

Methods

Patients who previously underwent coronary CTA for suspected coronary artery disease were prospectively included to undergo follow-up coronary CTA. The primary end point was coronary artery disease progression, defined as the absolute annual increase in total, calcified, and noncalcified plaque volume by quantitative CTA analysis.

Results

In total, 202 patients underwent serial coronary CTA with a mean interscan period of 6.2±1.4 years. On a per-plaque basis, increasing age (β=0.070;
P
=0.058) and hypertension (β=1.380;
P
=0.075) were nonsignificantly associated with annual total plaque progression. Male sex (β=1.676;
P
=0.009), diabetes mellitus (β=1.725;
P
=0.012), and statin use (β=1.498;
P
=0.046) showed an independent association with annual progression of calcified plaque. While hypertension (β=2.259;
P
=0.015) was an independent determinant of noncalcified plaque progression, statin use (β=−2.178;
P
=0.050) was borderline significantly associated with a reduced progression of noncalcified plaque.

Conclusions

Statin use was associated with an increased progression of calcified coronary plaque and a reduced progression of noncalcified coronary plaque, potentially reflecting calcification of the noncalcified plaque component. Whereas hypertension was the only modifiable risk factor predictive of noncalcified plaque progression, diabetes mellitus mainly led to an increase in calcified plaque. These findings could yield the need for intensified preventive treatment of patients with diabetes mellitus and hypertension to slow and stabilize coronary artery disease progression and improve clinical outcome.
Randomized Comparison of Everolimus- and Zotarolimus-Eluting Coronary Stents With Biolimus-Eluting Stents in All-Comer Patients
Authors: Youn Young Jin , Lee Jun-Won , Ahn Sung Gyun , Lee Seung-Hwan , Yoon Junghan , Park Keum Soo , Lee Jin Bae , Yoo Sang-Yong , Lim Do-Sun , Cho Jang Hyun , Choi Cheol Ung , Jeong Myung Ho , Han Kyoo-Rok , Cha Kwang Soo , Lee Sung Yun , Choi Hyun-Hee , Choi Jae Woong , Hyon Min Su , Kim Moo-Hyun
Published: March 2020

Background:

There is limited data comparing the Xience everolimus-eluting stent (EES) and the Resolute zotarolimus-eluting stent (ZES) with the BioMatrix biolimus-eluting stent (BES).

Methods:

This open-label, randomized, noninferiority trial enrolled all-comer patients to be randomly treated with either BES, EES, or ZES in a 1:1:1 ratio in 15 centers across South Korea. The primary end point was a device-oriented composite outcome consisting of cardiac death, target-vessel myocardial infarction, and clinically indicated target lesion revascularization at 24 months. The BES was compared with the EES and the ZES by intention-to-treat analyses with a noninferiority margin of 3.8%, respectively.

Results:

Because of slow recruitment and low event rates, this trial was prematurely terminated after enrollment of 1935 (75%) of the intended 2580 patients. Of the 1911 patients randomized to either EES (n=638), BES (n=634), or ZES (n =639), the rate of device-oriented composite outcome was 3.6%, 2.2%, and 3.9%, respectively, at 24 months (BES versus EES: absolute risk difference −1.4% [upper limit of 1-sided 95% CI: −3.2%];
P
for noninferiority
<0.001; BES versus ZES: absolute risk difference −1.7% [upper limit of 1-sided 95% CI: −3.6%];
P
for noninferiority
<0.001).

Conclusions:

The BES was noninferior to either the EES or the ZES in all-comer patients for device-oriented composite outcome at the 24-month follow-up. However, caution is advised regarding interpretation of these results due to the premature termination of this study.

Registration:

URL:
https://www.clinicaltrials.gov
; Unique identifier: NCT01397175.
Zooming In and Out on One's Life: Autobiographical Representations at Multiple Time Scales
Authors: D'Argembeau Arnaud
Published: March 2020

The ability to decouple from the present environment and explore other times is a central feature of the human mind. Research in cognitive psychology and neuroscience has shown that the personal past and future is represented at multiple timescales and levels of resolution, from broad lifetime periods that span years to short-time slices of experience that span seconds. Here, I review this evidence and propose a theoretical framework for understanding mental time travel as the capacity to flexibly navigate hierarchical layers of autobiographical representations. On this view, past and future thoughts rely on two main systems—event simulation and autobiographical knowledge—that allow us to represent experiential contents that are decoupled from sensory input and to place these on a personal timeline scaffolded from conceptual knowledge of the content and structure of our life. The neural basis of this cognitive architecture is discussed, emphasizing the possible role of the medial pFC in integrating layers of autobiographical representations in the service of mental time travel.
A Graph-based Model for Joint Chinese Word Segmentation and Dependency Parsing
Authors: Yan Hang , Qiu Xipeng , Huang Xuanjing
Published: March 2020

Chinese word segmentation and dependency parsing are two fundamental tasks for Chinese natural language processing. The dependency parsing is defined at the word-level. Therefore word segmentation is the precondition of dependency parsing, which makes dependency parsing suffer from error propagation and unable to directly make use of character-level pre-trained language models (such as BERT). In this paper, we propose a graph-based model to integrate Chinese word segmentation and dependency parsing. Different from previous transition-based joint models, our proposed model is more concise, which results in fewer efforts of feature engineering. Our graph-based joint model achieves better performance than previous joint models and state-of-the-art results in both Chinese word segmentation and dependency parsing. Additionally, when BERT is combined, our model can substantially reduce the performance gap of dependency parsing between joint models and gold-segmented word-based models. Our code is publicly available at https://github.com/fastnlp/JointCwsParser
An updated checklist of algae from the Tatra Mountain lakes (Slovakia)—based on field research from 2010/12

Authors: DAS SUDIPTA KUMAR , STEFKOVA ELENA , ADHIKARY SIBA PRASAD , KOVACIK LUBOMIR
Published: March 2020

Checklists of any confined locality are very pertinent not only to academic researchers, but also to the policy makers in formulating biodiversity conservation strategies. The Tatra Mountains are the highest mountain peaks of the Carpathian Mountain range, located at the border between Slovakia and Poland, certified by UNESCO as a MAB Biosphere Reserve. More than 100 lakes of various sizes and depths are present in the valleys of this mountainous terrain, which were under severe acidification till late 1980s and recovered during 2000 after control of air pollution. For many years these lakes have witnessed several floristic and ecological studies. But, to facilitate the research, the available baseline information of algal floristics was of 25 years old. Thus, the present inventory was intented to update the existing information. It comprises of 557 cyanobacterial and algal taxa belonging to 228 genera and 95 families of the phyla Cyanobacteria, Stramenopiles, Alveolata, Cryptophyta, Chlorophyta, Charophyta and Euglenophyta. In the checklist, Forty-nine taxa (8.79%) are significantly updated to the existing records from the surveys made during 2010/12 in the present work and some recently published records.
Two new species of Hydraena Kugelann, 1794 from Brazil (Coleoptera: Hydraenidae)
Authors: BENETTI CESAR J. , VALLADARES LUIS F. , DELGADO JUAN A. , HAMADA NEUSA
Published: March 2020

Hydraena (Hydraenopsis) josefinae sp. nov. and H. (H.) pernambucana sp. nov. are described respectively from Amapá and Pernambuco States, Brazil. Hydraena (H.) josefinae sp. nov. is a member of the scintillabella subgroup of the leechi group, while H. (H.) pernambucana sp. nov. belongs to the orcula complex in the marginicollis subgroup of the marginicollis group. Descriptions and diagnostic characters for both new species are offered; habitus photographs and line drawings of male genitalia of the two new species, as well as drawings of female genitalia of H. josefinae sp. n., are provided. Male genitalia of H. alterra Perkins, 1980 is illustrated and compared with that of the closely related H. josefinae sp. nov. Habitat and distributional data of the two new species are also included.
A new fossil species of Bolitophagini (Coleoptera: Tenebrionidae) from Baltic amber suggests the genus Eledonoprius Reitter is persistent in the Western Palaearctic since the Tertiary
Authors: ALEKSEEV VITALII I. , BUKEJS ANDRIS , SONTAG ELŻBIETA
Published: March 2020

The first fossil representative of Eledonoprius Reitter, E. incoronatus sp. nov., is described from Eocene Baltic amber. The genus is associated with old-growth forests in the modern Western Palaearctic Region and apparently has persistent in this Region since the Paleogene.
New Hippothoidae (Bryozoa) from Australasia
Authors: GORDON DENNIS P.
Published: March 2020

The diversity of Hippothoidae (Bryozoa, Cheilostomata) in New Zealand is increased from 12 named species to 17 and the number of genera from three to five. New species are recognised in the genera Antarctothoa, Hippothoa, Jessethoa n. gen. and Neothoa (newly discovered in New Zealand waters). A new species of Plesiothoa from New South Wales is also described. Collectively, the new taxa encrust a range of substrata (a catenicellid bryozoan, brown and red macroalgae, rock and mollusc shell). The status of two existing species is changed—Hippothoa divaricata pacifica Gordon, 1984 is raised to full species, and Hippothoa watersi Morris, 1980 is used for putative Hippothoa flagellum in New Zealand. New data are given for these species and Hippothoa peristomata Gordon, 1984, and little-known Antarctothoa buskiana (Hutton, 1873) and Antarctothoa cancer (Hutton, 1873) are illustrated by scanning electron microscopy for the first time.
A short taxonomic note on the katydids from the genus Cercoteratura Gorochov, 2019 (Orthoptera: Tettigoniidae: Meconematinae), with a key to species
Authors: TAN MING KAI , WAHAB RODZAY BIN HAJI ABDUL
Published: March 2020

The tribe Meconematini is a monophyletic and speciose group of slender and predatory katydids from the Indomalayan and Palearctic region (Mugleston et al., 2018). It is especially species-rich from the biodiverse regions of Southeast Asia (Cigliano et al., 2020) but also elusive, as many new species and genera are still being discovered from tropical Southeast Asia (e.g., Tan & Wahab, 2018a; Gorochov, 2019). As more material is accumulated, new understandings of how species are related and/or classified emerged. A species of Meconematini was first described from the primary dipterocarp forest of Kuala Belalong Field Studies Centre in Brunei Darussalam, Borneo among a few other related species (Tan et al., 2017, Tan & Wahab, 2018): Kuzicus mirabilis Tan & Wahab, 2018. This species exhibits the deep posteromedian notch of the last male tergite characteristics of Xiphidiopsis Redtenbacher, 1891 but differs by the presence of sclerotized yoke-like epiphallus, typical of Kuzicus Gorochov, 1993 (see Tan & Wahab, 2018a). A year later, A. V. Gorochov erected a new genus Cercoteratura Gorochov, 2019 based on a new species Cercoteratura variegata Gorochov, 2019 from Sumatra and Borneo (Gorochov, 2019). Three other species were also included in this genus, mainly from Sumatra and Thai-Peninsula. We found that the species from Brunei Darussalam could also belong to this genus and represent the eastern-most record of this genus. We provide a key to known species of Cercoteratura, although it is likely that this genus is more speciose than currently known. We also present a morphological comparison of the three similar genera Cercoteratura, Kuzicus and Xiphidiopsis.
A new species of treehopper in the genus Cladonota Stål (Hemiptera: Membracidae: Membracinae: Hypsoprorini) from Costa Rica, with preliminary observations of its behaviour and natural history
Authors: ENGLAND SAM J. , FLYNN DAWN J. , ROBERT DANIEL
Published: March 2020

Cladonota Stål is a genus of Neotropical treehopper found throughout much of South America, Central America, and as far north as Mexico (Godoy et al. 2006). Whilst many membracids are known to exhibit extravagant pronotal expansions (Buckton 1903), the morphologies found within Cladonota are arguably some of the most extreme, making them a particularly charismatic taxon. The function most frequently proposed for the shape of the Cladonota pronotum is camouflage; in particular, masquerade mimicry of dry leaf or bark fragments (Godoy et al. 2006; Swing 2012). However, this mimetic function remains to be empirically tested.
A taxonomic revision of Allodynerus Blüthgen (Hymenoptera: Vespidae: Eumeninae) from China
Authors: ZHANG XUE , CHEN BIN , LI TING-JING
Published: March 2020

In this paper, six species of the genus Allodynerus Blüthgen from China are reviewed, including four new species and two known species, namely Allodynerus reduncus Zhang, Chen & Li, sp. nov., Allodynerus bimaculus Zhang, Chen & Li, sp. nov., Allodynerus diqingensis Zhang, Chen & Li, sp. nov., Allodynerus asperipunctarus Zhang, Chen & Li, sp. nov., Allodynerus delphinalis delphinalis (Giraud, 1866) and Allodynerus mandschuricus Blüthgen, 1953. These four new species are described and illustrated in detail, and the two known species are redescribed and illustrated. A key to all known species of Allodynerus worldwide is also provided.
New species of Alpinalona Alonso & Sinev, 2017 (Cladocera: Anomopoda: Chydoridae) from South-East USA
Authors: SINEV ARTEM Y.
Published: March 2020

A new species of genus Alpinalona Alonso & Sinev, 2017 is described from South-East USA. Alpinalona fornshelli sp. nov. differs from other species of the genus in: (1) over 35 setulae on posteroventral angle of the valves, organized into 5–6 groups; (2) a long basal spine of female postabdominal claw (about 0.3 claw length); and (3) thick long distalmost spines in basal pecten of postabdominal claw. Taxonomic position and distribution of the new species are discussed.
Victrix svetlanae sp. n., a new species of Bryophilinae (Lepidoptera, Noctuidae) from Far East of Russia
Authors: KOSHKIN EVGENY S. , PEKARSKY OLEG
Published: March 2020

Victrix svetlanae sp. n. is described from Russian Far East, Khabarovsk Krai. The new species belongs to the subgenus Poliobrya Hampson, 1908. New species is most similar to V. umovii (Eversmann, 1846) and V. patula (Püngeler, 1907) but differs in both external and genital characteristics. This is the first record of the genus Victrix in the Far East.
Gallucci's Commentary on Dürer’s 'Four Books on Human Proportion'
Authors: Hutson James
Published: March 2020

In 1591, Giovanni Paolo Gallucci published his Della simmetria dei corpi humani, an Italian translation of Albrecht Dürer’s Four Books on Human Proportion. While Dürer’s treatise had been translated earlier in the sixteenth-century into French and Latin, it was Gallucci’s Italian translation that endured in popularity as the most cited version of the text in later Baroque treatises, covering topics that were seen as central to arts education, connoisseurship, patronage, and the wider appreciation of the studia humanitatis in general.

The text centres on the relationships between beauty and proportion, macrocosm and microcosm: relationships that were not only essential to the visual arts in the early modern era, but that cut across a range of disciplines – music, physiognomics and humoral readings, astronomy, astrology and cosmology, theology and philosophy, even mnemonics and poetry. In his version of the text, Gallucci expanded the educational potential of the treatise by adding a Preface, a Life of Dürer, and a Fifth Book providing a philosophical framework within which to interpret Dürer’s previous sections.

This translation is the first to make these original contributions by Gallucci accessible to an English-speaking audience. Gallucci’s contributions illuminate the significance of symmetry and proportion in the contemporary education of the early modern era, informing our understanding of the intellectual history of this period, and the development of art theory and criticism. This is a valuable resource to early modern scholars and students alike, especially those specialising in history of art, philosophy, history of science, and poetry.
Broadening of the Cloud Droplet Size Distribution due to Thermal Radiative Cooling: Turbulent Parcel Simulations
Authors: Barekzai Mares , Mayer Bernhard
Published: March 2020

Despite impressive advances in rain forecasts over the past decades, our understanding of rain formation on a microphysical scale is still poor. Droplet growth initially occurs through diffusion and, for sufficiently large radii, through the collision of droplets. However, there is no consensus on the mechanism to bridge the condensation coalescence bottleneck. We extend the analysis of prior methods by including radiatively enhanced diffusional growth (RAD) to a Markovian turbulence parameterization. This addition increases the diffusional growth efficiency by allowing for emission and absorption of thermal radiation. Specifically, we quantify an upper estimate for the radiative effect by focusing on droplets close to the cloud boundary. The strength of this simple model is that it determines growth-rate dependencies on a number of parameters, like updraft speed and the radiative effect, in a deterministic way. Realistic calculations with a cloud-resolving model are sensitive to parameter changes, which may cause completely different cloud realizations and thus it requires considerable computational power to obtain statistically significant results. The simulations suggest that the addition of radiative cooling can lead to a doubling of the droplet size standard deviation. However, the magnitude of the increase depends strongly on the broadening established by turbulence, due to an increase in the maximum droplet size, which accelerates the production of drizzle. Furthermore, the broadening caused by the combination of turbulence and thermal radiation is largest for small updrafts and the impact of radiation increases with time until it becomes dominant for slow synoptic updrafts.
ENSO-Unrelated Variability in Indo–Northwest Pacific Climate: Regional Coupled Ocean–Atmospheric Feedback
Authors: Wang Chuan-Yang , Xie Shang-Ping , Kosaka Yu
Published: March 2020

Regional ocean–atmospheric interactions in the summer tropical Indo–northwest Pacific region are investigated using a tropical Pacific Ocean–global atmosphere pacemaker experiment with a coupled ocean–atmospheric model (cPOGA) and a parallel atmosphere model simulation (aPOGA) forced with sea surface temperature (SST) variations from cPOGA. Whereas the ensemble mean features pronounced influences of El Niño–Southern Oscillation (ENSO), the ensemble spread represents internal variability unrelated to ENSO. By comparing the aPOGA and cPOGA, this study examines the effect of the ocean–atmosphere coupling on the ENSO-unrelated variability. In boreal summer, ocean–atmosphere coupling induces local positive feedback to enhance the variance and persistence of the sea level pressure and rainfall variability over the northwest Pacific and likewise induces local negative feedback to suppress the variance and persistence of the sea level pressure and rainfall variability over the north Indian Ocean. Anomalous surface heat fluxes induced by internal atmosphere variability cause SST to change, and SST anomalies feed back onto the atmosphere through atmospheric convection. The local feedback is sensitive to the background winds: positive under the mean easterlies and negative under the mean westerlies. In addition, north Indian Ocean SST anomalies reinforce the low-level anomalous circulation over the northwest Pacific through atmospheric Kelvin waves. This interbasin interaction, along with the local feedback, strengthens both the variance and persistence of atmospheric variability over the northwest Pacific. The response of the regional Indo–northwest Pacific mode to ENSO and influences on the Asian summer monsoon are discussed.
How Significant Was the 1877/78 El Niño?
Authors: Huang Boyin , L’Heureux Michelle , Hu Zeng-Zhen , Yin Xungang , Zhang Huai-Min
Published: March 2020

Previous research has shown that the 1877/78 El Niño resulted in great famine events around the world. However, the strength and statistical significance of this El Niño event have not been fully addressed, largely due to the lack of data. We take a closer look at the data using an ensemble analysis of the Extended Reconstructed Sea Surface Temperature version 5 (ERSSTv5). The ERSSTv5 standard run indicates a strong El Niño event with a peak monthly value of the Niño-3 index of 3.5°C during 1877/78, stronger than those during 1982/83, 1997/98, and 2015/16. However, an analysis of the ERSSTv5 ensemble runs indicates that the strength and significance (uncertainty estimates) depend on the construction of the ensembles. A 1000-member ensemble analysis shows that the ensemble mean Niño-3 index has a much weaker peak of 1.8°C, and its uncertainty is much larger during 1877/78 (2.8°C) than during 1982/83 (0.3°C), 1997/98 (0.2°C), and 2015/16 (0.1°C). Further, the large uncertainty during 1877/78 is associated with selections of a short (1 month) period of raw-data filter and a large (20%) acceptance criterion of empirical orthogonal teleconnection modes in the ERSSTv5 reconstruction. By adjusting these two parameters, the uncertainty during 1877/78 decreases to 0.5°C, while the peak monthly value of the Niño-3 index in the ensemble mean increases to 2.8°C, suggesting a strong and statistically significant 1877/78 El Niño event. The adjustment of those two parameters is validated by masking the modern observations of 1981–2017 to 1861–97. Based on the estimated uncertainties, the differences among the strength of these four major El Niño events are not statistically significant.
The Neutrally Buoyant Sediment Trap: Two Decades of Progress
Authors: Estapa Margaret , Valdes James , Tradd Kaitlyn , Sugar Jackson , Omand Melissa , Buesseler Ken
Published: March 2020

The biological carbon flux from the ocean’s surface into its interior has traditionally been sampled by sediment traps, which physically intercept sinking particulate matter. However, the manner in which a sediment trap interacts with the flow field around it can introduce hydrodynamic biases, motivating the development of neutral, self-ballasting trap designs. Here, the performance of one of these designs, the neutrally buoyant sediment trap (NBST), is described and evaluated. The NBST has been successfully used in a number of scientific studies since a prototype was last described in the literature two decades ago, with extensive modifications in subsequent years. Originated at Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution, the NBST is built around a profiling float and carries cylindrical collection tubes, a feature that distinguishes it from other neutral traps described in the literature. This paper documents changes to the device that have been implemented over the last two decades, including wider trap tubes; Iridium Communications, Inc., satellite communications; and the addition of polyacrylamide gel collectors and optical sedimentation sensors. Information is also provided with the intent of aiding the development of similar devices by other researchers, including the present adaptation of the concept to utilize commercially available profiling float hardware. The performance of NBSTs built around commercial profiling floats is comparable to NBSTs built around customized floats, albeit with some additional operational considerations. Data from recent field studies comparing NBSTs and traditional, surface-tethered sediment traps are used to illustrate the performance of the instrument design. Potential improvements to the design that remain to be incorporated through future work are also outlined.
A Multi-Time-Scale Four-Dimensional Variational Data Assimilation Scheme and Its Application to Simulated Radial Velocity and Reflectivity Data
Authors: Sun Tao , Chen Yaodeng , Sun Juanzhen , Wang Hongli , Chen Haiqin , Wang Yuanbing , Meng Deming
Published: March 2020

In this study, a multi-time-scale four-dimensional variational data assimilation (MTS-4DVar) scheme is developed and applied to the assimilation of radar observations. The MTS-4DVar employs multitime windows with various time lengths in the framework of incremental 4DVar in the Weather Research and Forecasting Data Assimilation (WRFDA). The objective of MTS-4DVar is to enable the 4DVar data assimilation system to extract multiscale information from radar observations, and the algorithm of MTS-4DVar is first discussed in detail. Using a heavy rainfall case, it is shown that the nonlinearity growth of reflectivity is faster than that of radial velocity, suggesting that the time window for assimilating reflectivity in the incremental 4DVar should be shorter than that of radial velocity. A series of single observation tests and observing system simulation experiments (OSSEs) are then presented to examine the physical characteristics and performance of MTS-4DVar. These experiments demonstrate that the MTS-4DVar is capable of combining the larger-scale information from a longer time window and the local-scale features from a shorter time window. With the OSSEs it is shown that the value of the cost function is reduced properly in the minimization of the MTS-4DVar with a combination of longer and shorter time windows. By assimilating the radar radial velocity alone, we found that the MTS-4DVar reduces the analysis and forecast errors and improves the precipitation forecasts in comparison with the normal incremental 4DVar. Additional assimilation of reflectivity further improved the precipitation forecasts, and the results show that the radar reflectivity can also be well assimilated by using MTS-4DVar.
Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19): Emerging and Future Challenges for Dental and Oral Medicine
Authors: Meng L. , Hua F. , Bian Z.
Published: March 2020

The epidemic of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), originating in Wuhan, China, has become a major public health challenge for not only China but also countries around the world. The World Health Organization announced that the outbreaks of the novel coronavirus have constituted a public health emergency of international concern. As of February 26, 2020, COVID-19 has been recognized in 34 countries, with a total of 80,239 laboratory-confirmed cases and 2,700 deaths. Infection control measures are necessary to prevent the virus from further spreading and to help control the epidemic situation. Due to the characteristics of dental settings, the risk of cross infection can be high between patients and dental practitioners. For dental practices and hospitals in areas that are (potentially) affected with COVID-19, strict and effective infection control protocols are urgently needed. This article, based on our experience and relevant guidelines and research, introduces essential knowledge about COVID-19 and nosocomial infection in dental settings and provides recommended management protocols for dental practitioners and students in (potentially) affected areas.
The Workplace Commons: Towards Understanding Commoning within Work Relations
Authors: Korczynski Marek , Wittel Andreas
Published: March 2020

One of the most important focuses in social theory within the last decade has been upon the commons. We contribute to the emerging scholarship on the commons. We point out that this literature tends to neglect the workplace. We then argue that the workplace should be included as a potentially important arena of commoning. Going to studies of the workplace, we find that scholarship has implicitly found key emergent elements of commoning within the social relations of work. We develop a concept of the workplace commons, and consider arguments that the workplace commons is merely a fix for capitalism.
Rates, Roses and Donations: Naming Your Price in Sex Work
Authors: Ham Julie
Published: March 2020

Questions about payment and what it signifies, lie at the heart of feminist debates concerning the morality and legitimacy of sex work. Yet the materialities of payment still remain interestingly under-explored in sex work research. This article addresses this gap by examining immigrant, migrant and racialized sex workers’ pricing practices in Vancouver, Canada and Melbourne, Australia. Determining one’s prices or rates in the sex industry was not a neutral, market-driven calculation for many workers, but was infused with strong ideas about safety, risk, experiential knowledge and the specificities of sex work. Analysing prices and pricing practices through a practice theory lens offers an opportunity to re-think the role of choice in feminist debates about sex work, by highlighting the decisions workers make on a day-to-day basis and capturing the myriad knowledges gained more commonly through experience rather than instruction.
Reconsidering “Best Practices” for Testing the Ideal Standards Model: A Response to Eastwick, Finkel, and Simpson (2018)
Authors: Fletcher Garth J. O. , Overall Nickola C. , Campbell Lorne
Published: March 2020

Eastwick, Finkel, and Simpson (2018) advanced recommendations for “best practices” in testing the predictive validity of individual differences in the extent to which perceptions of partners match ideal standards (ideal-partner matching). We respond to their article evaluating the strengths and weaknesses of different tests, presenting new analyses of existing data, and setting out conclusions that differ from Eastwick et al. We (a) argue that correlations between ideal standards for attributes in partners and corresponding partner perceptions are relevant to the ideal standards model (ISM), (b) show that important methodological and statistical issues qualify their interpretations of prior research, (c) illustrate a new analytic approach used in the accuracy literature that tests (and controls for) confounds highlighted by Eastwick et al., and (d) provide evidence that the direct-estimation measure of ideal-partner matching is a valid and useful method. We conclude with a cautionary note on the concept of best practices.
Neuroprotein Targets of γ-Diketone Metabolites of Aliphatic and Aromatic Solvents That Induce Central–Peripheral Axonopathy
Authors: Spencer Peter S.
Published: March 2020

Peripheral neuropathy associated with chronic occupational and deliberate overexposure to neurotoxic organic solvents results from axonal degeneration in the central and peripheral nervous system. Human and experimental studies show that axonopathy is triggered by the action of neuroprotein-reactive γ-diketone metabolites formed from exposure to certain aliphatic solvents ( n-hexane, 2-hexanone) and aromatic compounds (1,2-diethylbenzene, 1,2-4-triethylbenzene, 6-acetyl-1,1,4,4-tetramethyl-7-ethyl-1,2,3,4-tetralin). Neuroprotein susceptibility is related primarily to their differential content of lysine, the ∊-amino group of which is targeted by γ-diketones. Specific neuroprotein targets have been identified, and the sequence of molecular mechanisms leading to axonal pathology has been illuminated. While occupational n-hexane neuropathy continues to be reported, lessons learned from its experimental study may have relevance to other causes of peripheral neuropathy, including those associated with aging and diabetes mellitus.
Chronic lymphocytic leukemia focus in the context of a cardiac mass in a pretreated patient: an exceptional incidental finding
Authors: Lolli Ginevra , Broccoli Alessandro , Stefoni Vittorio , Argnani Lisa , Leone Ornella , Cavo Michele , Zinzani Pier Luigi
Published: March 2020

Background:

B-cell chronic lymphocytic leukemia (B-CLL) is a lymphoproliferative disorder consisting of clonal proliferation and accumulation of small, mature, CD5-positive B-lymphocytes in the blood, bone marrow, and lymphoid tissues. Among extranodal localizations, cardiac involvement is extremely rare: to our knowledge, there are no findings reported in the literature of concomitant B-CLL diagnosis in the context of atrial myxoma (so-called collision tumours) and the best strategy to treat these malignancies is unclear.

Case report:

We report the case of a 67-year-old woman diagnosed with B-CLL and atrial myxoma. Our patient was cardiologically symptomless and the cardiac mass was an incidental finding. The cardiac tumor appeared several years after B-CLL diagnosis. Histologic examination of the cardiac mass, removed in the suspicion of an atrial myxoma, revealed a lymphoid focus of B-CLL. The patient underwent surgery and subsequent systemic therapy for B-CLL.

Conclusions:

The concomitant presence of B-CLL in the context of an atrial myxoma is extremely rare. The best strategy to treat these cardiac hematologic malignancies is unclear.
A fuzzy evaluation and selection of construction and demolition waste utilization modes in Xi’an, China
Authors: Zhang Fan , Ju Yanbing , Dong Peiwu , Santibanez Gonzalez Ernesto DR
Published: March 2020

The inadequate reuse and recycle of construction and demolition waste (C&DW) has been identified as a major issue, as it implies the depletion of natural aggregates, massive occupation of landfill and inefficiency of construction industry. However, a holistic view involving economic, technical and comprehensive dimensions has rarely been adopted for C&DW utilization evaluation against both qualitative and quantitative criteria. In this study, we propose a framework in a heterogeneous group decision-making environment to solve the C&DW utilization mode selection problem by integrating the Choquet integral and the elimination and choice translating reality (ELECTRE) method with two data forms, that is, interval-valued hesitant fuzzy numbers and real numbers. Firstly, an evaluation index system is constructed to assess multiple representative C&DW utilization modes in Xi’an, China. Secondly, a novel method is proposed to apply the Choquet integral for aggregation of evaluation values and fuzzy ELECTRE for outranking of C&DW utilization modes after the heterogenous evaluation data are unified into interval numbers. Thirdly, to illustrate the application of the proposed framework, this paper evaluates four typical C&DW utilization modes based on a case study in Xi’an, China, and the result shows that the most preferable mode is A3 (off-site crushing, roadbed backfilling). Finally, a comparative analysis is conducted to verify the effectiveness of this framework. This study presents useful findings to C&DW practitioners and can help avoid intuitive selection among available C&DW utilization modes.
Microcomputers in Special Education: Implications for Instructional Design
Authors: Hofmeister Alan M. , Thorkildsen Ron
Published: March 2020

The development of computer-assisted and computer-managed instruction involves a number of instructional design issues. The implications of these instructional design issues for special education populations are discussed. Reference is made to algorithmic and heuristic procedures, individual rate of learning, feedback, and instructional task hierarchies.
High and Low Technology Approaches in the Development of Communication Systems for Severely Physically Handicapped Persons
Authors: Vanderheiden Gregg C.
Published: March 2020

An understanding of the strengths and weaknesses of both high and low technology implementations of approaches to providing effective means of communication to individuals with severe speech and motor impairments is important both to avoid the inappropriate application of high technologies where they are not needed and to ensure their application when they are in fact required. Misconceptions about the relative strengths of both high and low technologies contribute to the general confusion in this area. Presented is an overview of the basic approaches to providing augmentative communication modes to severely physically handicapped individuals. Various implementations of these approaches ranging from simple to advanced aids as well as the relative advantages of each level are discussed.
Electronic Travel Aids for Blind Persons
Authors: Hill Everett W. , Bradfield Anna L.
Published: March 2020

This article describes four of the most widely accepted and utilized Electronic Travel Aids—the Lindsay Russell Pathsounder, the Mowat Sensor, the Sonicguide™, and the C-5 Laser Cane. Current uses and applications of the four aids for specific populations of visually impaired persons are discussed. In addition, a research review provides insight into the issues affecting future use of the devices.
Nonvocal Communication Augmentation Using Microcomputers
Authors: Traynor Charles D. , Beukelman David R.
Published: March 2020

Microcomputers are being used with increasing frequency to enhance communication effectiveness for individuals who are unable to speak. As components of commercially available augmentative communication systems, microcomputers support the storage and retrieval of messages, speech synthesis, and elementary word processing. Custom programs have been developed so that personal computers can serve as communication systems capable of transducing restricted motor movements into messages, predicting and completing messages, and producing messages in either spoken or printed form. In preparation for augmentative communication system use, microcomputers are employed for motor, linguistic, and visual training of nonvocal persons.
Flexibility in peritoneal dialysis prescription: Impact on technique survival
Authors: Navaratnarajah Arunraj , Clemenger Michelle , McGrory Jacqueline , Hisole Nora , Chelapurath Titus , Corbett Richard W , Brown Edwina A
Published: March 2020

Background:

Patient burnout is a major cause of technique failure on peritoneal dialysis (PD). Reducing the PD prescription on an individual basis, dependent upon residual kidney function (RKF), may have a role in prolonging time on PD by reducing dialysis burden. This retrospective study aimed to determine the safety and impact of flexible PD prescribing on technique and patient survival.

Methods:

All patients (186) from our centre starting PD from 1st January 2012 to 31st December 2016 were included. Data on dialysis prescription were collected for each patient from the time they had started PD, and dialysis adequacy measured regularly (3–6 monthly) using PD Adequest.

Results:

Median age at start of dialysis was 61 years. Only 49% started on PD 7 days a week and this dropped to 27% at 3 months following the first clearance test. Over 90% achieved creatinine clearance > 50 L/week/1.73 m2 up to 2 years of follow-up, with 87% achieving this standard at 3 years. Patient and technique survival at 1, 2 and 3 years were 91%, 81%, and 72%, and 89%, 87% and 78% respectively. Factors on univariate analysis affecting technique survival included increasing age (HR 0.98, p = 0.04, 95% CI (0.96–0.999)), two or more episodes of PD-associated peritonitis (HR 4.52, p = 0.00, 95% CI (1.87–10.91)) and increasing PD intensity (HR 3.30, p = 0.02, 95% CI (1.22–8.93)). After multivariate adjustment which included baseline kidney function, low PD intensity continued to be associated with better technique survival (HR 0.17, p = 0.03, 95% CI (0.03–0.85)).

Conclusion:

Tailoring the PD prescription to RKF enables days off dialysis while still maintaining recommended levels of small solute clearance. This approach reduces dialysis burden and is associated with higher technique survival.
The Effects of Three-Dimensional Context on Shape Perception
Authors: Sereno Margaret E. , Robles Kelly E. , Kikumoto Atsushi , Bies Alexander J.
Published: March 2020

Humans have a unique ability to perceive shape in different ways. Although we naturally estimate objective (physical) shape in our daily interactions with the world, we are also capable of estimating projective (retinal) shape, especially when attempting to accurately draw objects and scenes. In four experiments, we demonstrated robust effects of 3D context on shape perception. Using a binocular stereo paradigm, we presented rectangular surfaces of varying widths alone or embedded in a polyhedron. We investigated how context, judgment type, and angle affected width estimates. We found that the presence of even a small amount of 3D context aids objective judgments but hinders projective judgments, whereas a lack of context had the opposite effect. Context facilitated objective shape assessments by improving estimates of surface orientation. These results demonstrate that the typical presence of 3D context aids shape perception (shape constancy) while simultaneously making the projective judgments necessary for realistic drawing more difficult.
The Scent of a Good Night’s Sleep: Olfactory Cues of a Romantic Partner Improve Sleep Efficiency
Authors: Hofer Marlise K. , Chen Frances S.
Published: March 2020

Almost nothing is known about whether exposure to the scent of loved ones influences sleep. In the current study, 155 participants spent 2 nights with their partner’s scent and 2 nights with a control scent (in random order). Sleep was measured in two ways: sleep efficiency (via actigraphy) and perceived sleep quality (via self-report). Sleep efficiency was higher when participants were exposed to their partner’s scent. This increase occurred regardless of participants’ beliefs about the origin of the scent. Perceived sleep quality was higher when participants believed that they were smelling their partner’s scent. Exposure to a partner’s scent led sleep efficiency to increase by more than 2% on average, an improvement similar in magnitude to the effect of melatonin on sleep. The current work speaks to the critical role of olfaction in communication and reveals that social scents can impact sleep.
‘The bike breaks down. What are they going to do?’ Actor-networks and the Bicycles for Development movement
Authors: McSweeney Mitchell , Millington Brad , Hayhurst Lyndsay , Wilson Brian , Ardizzi Madison , Otte Janet
Published: March 2020

This article reports on an empirical study of ‘Bicycles for Development’ (BFD) – a nascent movement whereby used bicycles are collected (often in the global North) and distributed in development contexts (often in the global South) with the aim of achieving a range of positive social outcomes (e.g. access to education). Drawing from interviews ( n = 32) with participants from 19 BFD organizations, and informed by actor-network theory (ANT), the analysis presented herein specifically highlights three key factors that facilitate and/or hinder BFD work: (a) government regulations that potentially stem or ease the flow of bicycles into development contexts; (b) the bicycle’s material constitution, and specifically its sturdiness (or lack thereof); and (c) environmental conditions that impact how bicycles are made, distributed and used. A key theme that cuts across these findings is the potential for non-humans to cause ‘frictions’ that potentially disrupt, divert, but also help in realizing the programmes of action of BFD organizations. We consider the relevance of these findings for both the BFD movement in particular and the wider Sport for Development and Peace (SDP) movement in general. Based on study findings, we argue for ANT as a useful framework for achieving a widened analytical focus and thus for delivering more robust accounts of development contexts under study.
Entrepreneurial Team Diversity and Productivity: The Role of Family Relationships in Nascent Ventures
Authors: Ko Eun-Jeong , Wiklund Johan , Pollack Jeffrey M.
Published: March 2020

In this study, we examine how team diversity contributes to team productivity in nascent ventures depending on family relations. Specifically, we explore how bio-demographic diversity influences team productivity using data from a panel of 285 nascent venture teams over 5 years. Results suggest that age and gender diversity have negative impacts on team productivity, but that family relationships positively moderate these effects. To explain the phenomena, we relied on social identity theory and the discussion of the identity confirmation process. Through this novel theoretical framework, we describe how identity confirmation, through identification with a collective (i.e., family), and cross-categorization of family roles mitigate the negative impact of bio-demographic diversity. Our findings provide valuable insights to scholars interested in bio-demographic team diversity, family relationships, and the new venture creation process.
Experiencing Emotion in Conducting Qualitative Research as a PhD Student
Authors: Vince Russ
Published: March 2020

This article explores doctoral students’ emotional experience as they learn about conducting qualitative research. Emotions emerging from a shared learning experience provided doctoral students with opportunities to reflect on their experience as qualitative researchers and on the practice of qualitative research. Explicit links are made between students’ learning how to do research and their research as learning, to provide an example of experiential and engaged teaching practice within a doctoral program in management. A study of a module on qualitative research focused on the emotional experience of being a doctoral student, captured a range of emotions, and offered students the opportunity to understand the importance and value of emotional reflexivity within their qualitative research.