bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Predicting the distribution of Omalonyx (Mollusca: Pulmonata: Succineidae) species from literature review, museum databases and new sampling efforts in Brazil
Authors: Coscarelli Daniel , Montresor Lângia C. , Russo Philip , Melo Alan Lane de , Vidigal Teofânia H.D.A.
Published: February 2018

Abstract Accurate distributional information is crucial for studies on systematics, biodiversity and conservation. To improve the knowledge regarding the geographical distribution of Omalonyx in South America, we present updated information based on data from a literature review, institutional collections and malacological surveys. All this information composed the dataset used to predict species distribution employing the Maximum Entropy Algorithm (MaxEnt). The model was run using data on species distribution, altitude and bioclimatic variables (WorldClim database). The model had consistent performance, and areas presenting similar conditions to areas where the species were recorded were considered areas of occurrence. The predicted occurrence areas included those that were already surveyed and those that are considered potential occurrence areas. The results demonstrate that the genus has widespread distribution in the Neotropical region and occurs in the tropical, temperate and arid regions of South America and Lesser Antilles. Omalonyx spp. were recorded in all South American countries and hydrographic regions. However, in some countries, there were only isolated records (ex: Colombia and Ecuador). Here, we also present the first record of Omalonyx spp. in four Brazilian States (Acre, Rondônia, Piaui, and Amapá). The genus was found in all hydrographic regions within Brazil and among 27 federative unities; it was absent from only two unities (Roraima State and Distrito Federal). This work contributes to the knowledge on Omalonyx spp. distribution and provides an important basis for the work of ecologists and taxonomists.
Antifungal potential of crude extracts of Trichoderma spp.
Authors: Marques Eder , Martins Irene , Mello Sueli Correa Marques de
Published: February 2018

Abstract Antibiosis is the mechanism by which certain microorganisms respond to the presence of others, secreting compounds or metabolites capable of inhibiting or impeding their development. The crude extract of Trichoderma contains a mixture of secondary compounds, which may show antibiotic effect, and has been used for the prospect of this fungus for biological control and other industrial purposes. Faced with the increasing demand of agriculture for ecologically compatible alternatives for the management of diseases, this work aimed to investigate the spectrum of action of Non-Volatile Metabolites (NVMs) of Trichoderma isolates against different plant pathogenic fungi. The antagonistic potential of NVMs was evaluated through the incorporation method of the filtered liquid extract in PDA medium. The assays showed that all the NVMs produced inhibited the fungus Sclerotinia sclerotiorum similarly. On the other hand, strains CEN1245 and CEN1274, both belonging to the species Trichoderma brevicompactum, showed broad spectrum against Sclerotium rolfsii, Colletotrichum gloesporioides, Verticillium dahliae, Fusarium oxysporum and Cylindrocladium sp. The present study describes isolates producing non-volatile metabolites with broad spectrum of antifungal action, as well as pathogen-specific. The Trichoderma spp. NVMs obtained from different soil samples cultivated with vegetables, cassava and maize were efficient in inhibiting plant pathogenic fungi belonging to other patossystems, such as forest or fruit, which could increase their potential application in biological control of plant diseases. In addition, these antagonistic fungi should be studied in greater depth for the identification of bioactive molecules of industrial interest or in commercial formulations of products for biological control of plant pathogens.
BIOL 354W - Research Methods in Advance Microbiology v5
Authors: Leon Rosa
Published: February 2018

This protocol series will guide students through the experience of analyzing metagenomic data.
Molecular Dynamics Simulations, step by step protocol v2
Authors: Jabbarzadeh Kaboli Parham , Ismail patimah , Ling King-Hwa
Published: February 2018

To MD analysis for one of our previous results of docking, for example to analyze the drug/target, seven steps are required to finalize the MD results. The following protocol is according to our own experience in this project and was improved so that the errors were solved during the projects.
OYUNLAŞTIRMADA OYUN ELEMANLARININ KULLANIMI: ADIDAS MICOACH, KHAN ACADEMY, SUPERBETTER VE SWARM UYGULAMALARININ ÖRNEK OLAY YÖNTEMİ İLE İNCELENMESİ
Authors: Sever Serdar , Bical Adil
Published: February 2018

Bu çalışma, oyun elemanlarının oyunlaştırmada kullanımına
odaklanmaktadır. Oyunlaştırma, oyun tasarım unsurları (elemanları) ve
esaslarının gerçek dünyaya ve oyun olmayan içeriğe aktarılmasıdır. Bu açıdan
oyun elemanları oyunlaştırmanın temelini teşkil etmektedir. Oyun literatüründe
oyun sistemini meydana getiren parçalar olarak ifade edilen oyun elemanları ile
ilgili çok az ampirik çalışma bulunmaktadır. Oyunlaştırmaya dönük çalışmalar
ise, daha başlangıç aşamasında olup, bu konuda kurumsal bir çerçevenin
eksikliği hissedilmektedir. Bu doğrultuda bu çalışmada oyun elemanlarının
oyunlaştırmada kullanımı dört örnek olay üzerinden incelenerek; oyun
elemanlarının varlığı, birbirleri ile etkileşimi ve uygulamalarda kullanım
biçimleri incelenmiştir. Çalışmada öncelikle oyun elemanlarının neler olduğu,
literatür araştırmasında ortaya koyulmuş ve araştırma bölümünde elde edilen
bilgiler ile geliştirilmiştir. Konuyu derinlemesine inceleme imkanı verdiği
için çalışmada nitel örnek olay incelemesi yöntemi tercih edilmiştir.
Uygulamalar arasında karşılaştırma yapabilme imkanı tanıdığı için dört farklı
kategoride oyunlaştırma uygulaması araştırmaya dahil edilmiştir. Araştırma
sonunda elde edilen bulgular çerçevesinde dört uygulamada da birçok oyun
elemanının bulunduğu ancak gözlemlenen oyun elemanlarının tüm uygulamalarda
aynı oranda kullanılmadığı, bazılarının daha çok öne çıktığı görülmüştür. Bunun
yanı sıra oyun elemanlarının birbirleri ile ilişkili biçimde işlediği ve
oyunlaştırmayı birçok parçadan oluşan bir bütün olarak yansıttıkları tespit
edilmiştir.
Elektronik Alışveriş (E-alışveriş) Sitelerinin E-hizmet Kalitesi Açısından Değerlendirilmesinde DEMATEL-AAS-VIKOR Yaklaşımı
Authors: GÖK Yrd. Doç. Dr. A. Cansu , PERÇİN Prof. Dr. Selçuk
Published: February 2018

 Bilgi ve iletişim teknolojilerindeki gelişmelere paralel olarak, günümüz toplumunda internet erişimi bir ihtiyaç haline gelerek hayatın her alanında yer almaya başlamıştır. Genişleyen erişim olanakları, web üzerinden sunulan hizmetlerin de artmasını ve çeşitlenmesini sağlamış, dolayısıyla sektörler arasında yaşanan yoğun rekabet elektronik ortamda da hayat bulmuştur. Ticaret sınırlarının ortadan kalkmasıyla elektronik alışveriş (e-alışveriş) ve elektronik ticaret (e-ticaret) hizmetleri yaygınlaşmış ve bu durum müşteriye doğrudan ulaşmak isteyen işletmeler için bir fırsat sağlamıştır. Son yıllardaki internet kullanıcısı sayısındaki artış, sunulan hizmetlerin kaliteli ve beklentileri karşılayacak düzeyde olmasını gerektirmiştir. Bu nedenle, müşterilere e-alışveriş yapma imkanı sunan firmaların, elektronik ortamda da varlıklarını sürdürebilmeleri ve rekabet üstünlüğü kazanabilmeleri açısından hizmet kaliteleri önem kazanmıştır. Bu çalışmanın amacı da, e-alışveriş sitelerinin elektronik hizmet kalitesi boyutlarının dikkate alınarak değerlendirilmesini sağlamak ve sunulan hibrit çok kriterli karar verme yaklaşımı DEMATEL-AAS-VIKOR ile kullanıcılar tarafından tanınan dört e-alışveriş sitesini e-hizmet kalitesi performansına göre sıralamaktır. Bu kapsamda, çalışmada e-alışveriş sitelerinin e-hizmet kalitesini değerlendirmek için Parasuraman vd. (2005) tarafından geliştirilen e-hizmet kalitesi boyutları ele alınarak, DEMATEL yöntemi ile 

uzman grup eşliğinde kriterler arası karşılaştırmalar yapılmış ve hesaplanan ağırlıklar Analitik Ağ Süreci (AAS) yaklaşımına aktarılmıştır. Daha sonra elde edilen veriler yardımıyla e-alışveriş siteleri, VIKOR yöntemiyle sıralanmıştır. 
SUÇA SÜRÜKLENMİŞ ÇOCUKLARIN OLUMLU SOSYAL VE SALDIRGAN DAVRANIŞLARININ BAZI BİREYSEL VE AİLESEL FAKTÖRLER BAĞLAMINDA İNCELENMESİ
Authors: Badanka Çelikten Beyza , Demırli Cihad
Published: February 2018

Çocuklar ebeveynlerini taklit ederek sosyalleşir ve kişilik
özelliklerini, tutum ve davranışlarını ailesi içerisinde öğrenerek tamamlar. Bu
araştırmanın temel amacı suça sürüklenmiş çocuklara ait bazı bireysel ve ailesel
faktörlerle çocukların olumlu sosyal davranışları ve saldırgan davranışları
arasındaki farklılığı ortaya koymaktır. Araştırma örneklemi, İstanbul Adalet
Sarayı 3. Çocuk Mahkemesi’ne gelen suça sürüklenmiş çocuklardan tesadüfi
örnekleme yöntemiyle seçilmiş 67 erkek, 6 kız olmak üzere 73 çocuktan
oluşmuştur. Bu çalışmada, araştırmacılar tarafından hazırlanan Görüşme Formu ve
Bayraktar, Kındap, Kumru ve Sayıl (2010) tarafından Türkçe’ye uyarlanan Olumlu
Sosyal ve Saldırgan Davranışlar Ölçeği kullanılarak değişkenler incelenmiştir.
Yapılan araştırma sonucunda, yalnızca ebeveyn kaybı değişkeninin olumlu sosyal
davranışlar üzerinde istatistiksel olarak anlamlı bir farklılık gösterdiği,
diğer bağımsız değişkenlerin ise olumlu sosyal davranışlar ve saldırgan
davranışlar üzerinde istatistiksel olarak anlamlı bir farklılık göstermediği
bulunmuştur.
MUHASEBE MESLEK MENSUPLARININ MUHASEBE BİLGİ SİSTEMİ HAKKINDAKİ GÖRÜŞLERİ: ELAZIĞ’DA BİR ARAŞTIRMA
Authors: Kaya Gamze Ayça
Published: February 2018

Küreselleşme ve teknolojinin gelişmesi muhasebe bilgi sistemini
etkilemiş ve muhasebe bilgilerinin bilgisayar ortamında üretilip sunulmasına
neden olmuştur. Muhasebe bilgi sistemi, yönetim bilgi sisteminin alt
sistemlerinden biridir. Muhasebe bilgi sistemi; varlıkların korunmasını,
işletme faaliyetlerini kontrol ederek etkin ve verimli olmasını sağlamakta ve
geleceğe yönelik işletme faaliyetlerini planlamaktadır. Çalışmanın amacı,
Elazığ il merkezindeki muhasebe meslek mensuplarının muhasebe bilgi sistemi
hakkındaki görüşlerini tespit etmek ve bu konuyu incelemektir. Çalışmada;
frekans, standart sapma, ortalama, Independent Sample T-Testi (Levene Testi) ve
One Way Anova (Scheffe testi) testleri uygulanmıştır. Çalışmanın sonucunda,
Independent Sample T-Testi (Levene Testi) ve One Way Anova (Scheffe testi)
testleri’ne göre muhasebe meslek mensupları arasında demografik değişkenler
açısından anlamlı farklılıklar tespit edilmiştir.
İDARİ PERSONELİN DEMOGRAFİK ÖZELLİKLERİYLE İŞ TATMİNİ VE MESLEKİ MOTİVASYON İLİŞKİSİ: MUNZUR ÜNİVERSİTESİ ÖRNEĞİ
Authors: Balıbey Mesut , Öndaş Namık Kemal
Published: February 2018

Bu
çalışmada; Munzur Üniversitesi’ndeki idari personelin mesleki motivasyonu ve iş
tatmini düzeyleri arasındaki ilişkiler personelin sosyo-demografik
özellikleriyle birlikte değerlendirilmiştir. Öncelikle ankete katılan idari
personelin demografik özellikleri (cinsiyet, yaş grupları, medeni durum, kadro
pozisyonu ve üniversitede toplam çalışma süresi) değerlendirilmiştir. Ardından söz
konusu personelin iş tatmin düzeyleri ile mesleki motivasyon düzeylerinin
sosyo-demografik özellikler açısından anlamlı farklılıklar gösterip
göstermediği %5 anlamlılık düzeyinde test edilmiştir. Benzer biçimde,
personelin iş tatmini ile mesleki motivasyon düzeyleri arasındaki korelasyon
ilişkisi de değerlendirilmiştir. Çalışma bulguları; iş tatmini düzeyleri ile
mesleki motivasyon düzeyleri arasında pozitif yönlü orta düzeyde bir korelasyon
ilişkisi söz konusu olduğunu göstermiştir. Sosyo-demografik özellikler
açısından iş tatmini ve mesleki motivasyon (toplam) düzeyleri yaş gruplarına
göre anlamlı farklılıklar göstermiş, üniversitede toplam çalışma süreleri iş
tatmini üzerinde etkili olmuştur. Cinsiyetin mesleki motivasyon (dışsal)
düzeyleri üzerinde etkisinin bulunduğu saptanmıştır. Son olarak mesleki
motivasyonun (içsel-toplam) kadro pozisyonları açısından farklılık gösterdiği
bulunmuştur.
HIZ SEMPTOMLARI: GEÇ-MODERN ZAMAN REJİMİNDE BELİRSİZLİK, DOLAYIMSIZLIK, EŞZAMANSIZLIK
Authors: Mermutlu Ayşe
Published: February 2018

Hız,
son dönem sosyal teorinin ve daha özelde sosyolojik yazının ana gündem
maddelerinden birini oluşturmakta ve çağdaş toplumsal değişimi karakterize
etmede paradigmal değer taşıyan bir nosyon olarak karşımıza çıkmaktadır. Hız
üzerine gelişen söz konusu gündem, zamanın
sosyolojik kavranışına ve toplumsal zaman inşasının geç-modern yordamlarına
ilişkin teorik katkıları içermesinin yanı sıra geç-modernliğin sosyal
ontolojisine, çağdaş neoliberalizmin ekonomi-politiğine, toplumsalın ve
siyasetin imkânına ve yeni koşullarına ilişkin sosyolojik içgörülerin
geliştirilmesine katkıda bulunan verimli bir tartışma zemini de sağlamaktadır.
Bu makalede, söz konusu tartışmalarda hız nosyonunu farklı biçimlerde kodlayan
ve her biri aynı zamanda geç-modern zamansallığın semptomları olarak
okunabilecek üç ana izlek ayırt edilmektedir: belirsizlik, dolayımsızlık ve
eşzamansızlık. Belirsizlik, genel bir anlatımla, toplumsal öngörülebilirliğin
azaldığı ya da tamamen ortadan kalktığı, beklenti ufkunun eylemliliğe yön tayin
etmeyi mümkün olmaktan çıkartacak denli sınırlandığı bir zamansallığa
göndermede bulunur; burada vurgu, değişimin hızının vardığı noktada gelecek
boyutundan yoksun kılınan ve kendi üzerine kapanan bir şimdi üzerinedir.
Dolayımsızlık, zamansal ve mekânsal sınırlamaları önemli ölçüde elimine eden
gerçek zamanlı iletişim ağlarının mümkün kıldığı, “şimdi ve burada” biçiminde
özetlenebilecek bir tecrübenin zamansallığına göndermede bulunur; bu yakınlık
ve dolayımsızlığın ürettiği zamansızlaşmış şimdi, geç-modern zamansallığın bir
diğer semptomu olan belirsizliğin üretimine de katkıda bulunmaktadır.
Eşzamansızlık ise, özgül bir anlamda, değişimin hızının toplumu oluşturan
çeşitli kurumların eşzamanlı bir gelişim süreci göstermesine imkân tanımıyor
olmasına göndermede bulunur; burada hız, toplumun farklı düzeylerinde ve
çeşitli şekillerde ortaya çıkan eşgüdümsüzlüklerde kendini ele verir. Hızın
semptomları olarak okunabilecek bu üç izleğin genel bir betimlemesi yapıldıktan
sonra, geç-modern zamansallığın daha yetkin bir okumasının onun eşzamansızlık
olarak kavranışı temelinde mümkün olabileceği tezi işlenecektir. Eşzamansızlık
hızın, hız paradigmasının sınırlılıklarının ötesinde bir kavranışına imkan
veren bir nosyon olarak; geç-modern zamansallığın çoğul ve katmanlı yapısını
anlamaya, eşitsizlik biçimleri ve güç ilişkilerinde cisimleşen toplumsal
antagonizmaların temporal boyutunu değerlendirmeye ve karşı-zamansallıkların
imkanını sorgulamaya alan açan bir bağlamı oluşturmaktadır.
Prevalence of congenital anomalies in a tertiary care centre in North Kerala, India
Authors: S. Jayasree , D'Couth Smitha
Published: February 2018

Background: Congenital anomalies have emerged as an important cause for neonatal morbidity and mortality. The prevalence as well as pattern of anomaly varies from place to place. Literature search reveals that India has the highest number of children with birth defects.Methods: This is a cohort study conducted in the Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology during the period 2009-2015. All mothers admitted with congenital structural defects to the fetus diagnosed by imaging and those who delivered anomalous babies were included in this study. The anomalies were classified based on ICD-10 system.Results: There were a total of 911 anomalous babies born during the study period of which 554 were males and 338 were females.19 babies had ambiguous genitalia. Anomalies were more common in multigravidae and in mothers of age group 20-29 years. Maximum number of babies were born between 37-40weeks. Maternal diabetes was associated with increased incidence of anomalies. Most common system involved was urinary system followed by musculoskeletal system.Conclusions: The prevalence of structural anomalies in the present study is 0.84%. Patients with risk factors for anomalies should undergo pre-pregnancy counselling. Routine antenatal anomaly screening with ultrasound before viability should be done for all patients so that early termination of lethal anomalies can be done.
Relation between Obesity and Osteoporosis in Women
Authors: Bansal Shiveta , Bansal Aman
Published: February 2018

Background: Osteoporosis is a multifactorial skeletal disease, whose mechanisms are not fully understood. It is more common in older people, especially in Post menopausal women. Body Mass Index (BMI) is often used to predict Bone Mineral Density (BMD). Obese women have always been considered protected against Osteoporosis and Osteoporotic fractures. Objectives: Several studies have challenged the widespread belief that obesity is protective against fracture. The aim of this study was to assess the effects of BMI on BMD in premenopausal and postmenopausal women.

Material and Methods: The study was conducted on 400 women divided into two age groups of 21-50 years (premenopausal) and 51 - 90 years (post menopausal). Subjects having history of diseases or drugs that might influence BMD were excluded from the study. Height (m) and weight (kg) were measured and BMI was calculated. Calcaneus bone was scanned for QUS to measure BMD. The diagnosis of Osteoporosis and Osteopenia were done according to WHO T- score criteria. The whole data was collected and statistically analyzed using Correlation Coefficients and Pearson's Chi Square test.

Results: Pearson's correlation analysis showed a positive correlation between age and BMI but no significant correlation between BMI and BMD.

Conclusions: The results showed that there was no statistically significant relationship between BMI and BMD (p value > 0.05). According to our results, there is no protective role of Obesity in the development of Osteoporosis. There must be more detailed study in molecular and cellular level to explain the role and influence of obesity on BMD in women.
Localized Girdle Sensation of Mid-Trunk (False Localizing Sign) in a Patient with Compressive Cervical Myelopathy
Authors: Taruni N. G. , Romeo Singh K. , Sharma Dwijiraj , Mangar Amrita , Shaheem Ahammed , . Gayatri
Published: February 2018

Patient with compressive cervical myelopathy sometimes present with localized girdle sensation in the mid trunk (called false localizing sign). This symptom often confuses physicians, but the clinical features and mechanism are still unclear. We present a male patient presented with localized girdle sensation in the middle trunk following fall. Later on diagnosis of compressive cervical myelopathy was made after MRI cervical spine.
Tobacco-You are never too Old to Quit
Authors: Kumari Sommya
Published: February 2018

Tobacco has been a part of affluent society since centuries, and now this social status has gradually become a stigma. The awareness about the harmful effects of tobacco use has drastically increased in recent decades. Quitting though obstacle by dependence has never been a challenge with a self determination, good counseling and medication. Though the health benefits are greater for people who stop at earlier ages, there are benefits at any age.
Need for Rational Use of Antibiotics
Authors: Kumar Rakesh
Published: February 2018

Antimicrobials, the wonder drugs have saved millions of lives since 1928; when Penicillin was first discovered by Sir Alexander Fleming. For many decades after the first patient was treated with antibiotics, these drugs have played a pivotal role in achieving major advances in medical field. They helped to decrease morbidity, mortality and extended the life expectancy by changing the outcome of bacterial infections. The alarm regarding its overuse was first raised way back in 1945 by Sir Alexander Fleming.
A Study of Prevalence of Aerobic Bacteria and Fungi in Sputum Specimens of Patients with Post Tubercular Bronchiectasis
Authors: Kumar Gattu Suresh , Lal Sabinkar Babu , Laxmikanth M.
Published: February 2018

Background: Patients with Post TB bronchiectasis colonize many aerobic bacteria and fungi and lead to an increase in exacerbations and decrease in quality of life.

Objective: To study the prevalence of aerobic bacteria and fungi in sputum specimens of patients with post tubercular bronchiectasis and to find out the local antibiotic sensitivity and resistance patterns.

Materials and Methods: This prospective observational study was carried out over a period of one year comprising of 50 patients with post Tubercular Bronchiectasis who were above 18 yrs, completed ATT smear negative and HRCT showing bronchiectactic changes. Identification of organisms from sputum samples were done by classical aerobic microbial staining and culture methods. Descriptive and inferential statistical analysis was carried out in this study.

Results: This study comprises of the 50 patients with a larger group of individuals under the age group of 51-60 (30%), along with bronchial colonization of aerobic bacteria being 78% and growth of fungi being 2%.Among the 39 patients,16 patients (32%) had grown Pseudomonas aeruginosa, 12 patients(24%) had grown Klebsiella pneumoniae, 8 patients(16%) had grown Streptococcus species and rest 3 patients(6%) had grown staphylococcus species. The Antibiotic resistance noted highest being Amikacin (56.4%), piperacillin-tazobactam showing the least (2.6%) and highest sensitivity with imipenem(100%).

 Conclusion: This study signifies that prevalence of aerobic bacteria, especially Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Klebsiella pneumonia was common in patients with post tubercular bronchiectasis. The Antibiotic resistance noted highest being Amikacin (56.4%) and sensitivity with imipenem(100%). In patients colonizing Pseudomonas aeruginosa, there was significant decline in lung function.
Clinical Profile of Subclinical Hypothyroidism:A Retrospective Study
Authors: Shetty Mallikarjuna , Adiraju Krishna Prasad , Modugu Nageswar Rao
Published: February 2018

Background: Subclinical hypothyroidism occurs due to an under functioning thyroid gland and presents with varied symptoms and signs. Thyroid disorders are common in Indian population and the prevalence of subclinical hypothyroidism is high.

Objective: This study intended to assess the clinical profile of patients presenting with subclinical hypothyroidism.

Materials and Methods: This was a retrospective study that analyzed the medical records of adult patients diagnosed with subclinical hypothyroidism for a period of three years.

Results: 71 patients within the age range of 18 years to 77 years were diagnosed with subclinical hypothyroidism. Among these 53 (75%) patients had various clinical symptoms. Body pains were the most common symptom (38 %) followed by weight gain(27%) and tiredness (20%). A significant number of patients were obese (25%). Enlarged thyroid(14%) and dyslipidemia (25%) were also recorded. 63 (75%) patients were initiated on low dose levothyroxine.

Conclusion: Patients with subclinical hypothyroidism present with varied non-specific clinical symptoms. Treatment with low dose levothyroxine resulted in lowering of serum TSH to normal range and relief of symptoms.
Assessment of Knowledge, Attitude and Practice of Pharmacovigilance among the Interns in a Tertiary Care Hospital in Northern India-A Questionnaire Based Study
Authors: Garg Preeti , Sharma Vidushi , Bajaj Jagminder Kaur
Published: February 2018

Background: The use of drugs and occurrence of its ADRs go hand in hand. Spontaneous reporting of ADRs is an effective method and needs to be encouraged.

Objective: The study was planned to know the perception of interns towards pharmacovigilance and to make them aware of the importance of ADR reporting.

Materials and Methods: A cross sectional observational questionnaire based study conducted on 100 interns to gather information about the knowledge of Pharmacovigilance, attitude towards reporting and factors in practice which could act as a deterrent to the reporting of ADRs.

Results: Out of the 100 interns, 90 responded. 50 % participants knew the purpose of PV. 67% agreed that it should be mandatory. 59% and 67% said that medical students and nurses have a role to play in PV. Half of the interns had seen an ADR, only 42% knew how and where to report. Very few (9%) were aware of what happens to the information submitted by them.

Conclusion: There is a huge gap between knowledge of ADR reporting and pharmacovigilance and the practical reporting of ADRs. Our health care providers need to be well equipped to detect, manage, report ADRs. For this, educational intervention, regular training programmes are the need of the hour to create awareness and take care of the factors responsible for under reporting. Pharmacovigilance programme needs to be strengthened by increasing the rate of ADR reporting by active participation of health care providers.
Prevalence of Weak D (Du) in Blood Donors in a Referral Teaching Hospital
Authors: Lamba H. S. , Kaur Kulbir , Kaur Kulwant , Vij Amarjit Singh
Published: February 2018

Background: Rh D is the most important Blood Group antigen after ABO Blood group antigen for transfusion purpose. All negative blood units by routine methods must be tested to detect weak D using IAT method. When the test for D and Du is positive, the label should read Rh(D) Positive . When the test for D and Du is negative, the label should read Rh(D) Negative.

Objective: To know the prevalence of weak D in the donor population. No study has been done in this part of the country earlier. It will help in the knowledge of weak D, which is very important for better patient care and prevent allo-immunzation in blood recipients.

Materials and Methods: Blood samples were tested by ID Gel technique or by tube method with two anti D reagents - anti-D IgM monoclonal and blend of anti-D IgM&IgG. All negative samples were further tested for weak D in IAT phase by LISS/Coombs' gel card.

Results: A total of 13043 samples were tested from January 2011 to December 2013. 12196 were Rh positive and 847 were Rh D negative. Weak D was positive in 8 samples.

Conclusion: The study shows the prevalence of weak D as 0.07% in blood donors who were primarily from in and around Jalandhar in Punjab. These donors may have posed problem to the recipients of blood and blood product and their detection prevented them from alloimunisation.
Evaluation of Fibrotic Changes in OSMF:A Retrospective Study Using Special Stains and Polarizing Microscopy
Authors: Ikram Parvez , Jeddy Nadeem
Published: February 2018

Background: Oral submucous fibrosis (OSMF), a potentially malignant oral disorder has the highest rate of malignant transformation of about 7-13%. The connective tissue changes that occur in this disease are characteristic and are stained with special stains.

Objective: The study was done to compare common and special stains under light microscopy and polarizing microscopy to evaluate the levels of fibrosis in oral submucous fibrosis and assess the type of collagen present in the stromal area.

Materials and Methods: Fifty tissue blocks were selected from the archives and were prepared and stained with H&E, Masson's trichrome, Van Gieson and Picrosirius red and studied under light microscope and polarizing microscope respectively.

Results: H and E stained slides were useful in diagnosing the lesion but was not able to highlight the level of fibrosis. Masson's trichrome and Van Gieson stained slides showed the depth of the lesion which extended even to the deeper muscle layer. The type of collagen present was definitively seen by the birefringence in polarizing microscopic study. Interobserver variation was less and all the values regarding the effectiveness of the special stains in detecting the level of fibrosis were statistically significant.

Conclusion: Special stains can be used routinely in laboratories to demonstrate connective tissue lesions especially in cases of OSMF. Depth of the lesion and the area of involvement help in treatment planning to be delivered. Large scale studies with more categories and inclusion criteria are required along with the special stains to assess the other alterations in OSMF.
Unusual Supero-Lateral Dislocation of Intact Bilateral Mandibular Condyles Associated with Right Parasymphysis Mandibular Fracture:A Case Report and Review of Literature
Authors: Meshram Vikas , Fating Niting , Asar Zeeshan , Tiwari Manish , Bhagat Ankita
Published: February 2018

The dislocation of the mandibular condyle / condyles occurs most commonly in an anterior direction due to trauma. This is a known fact as due to pull of lateral pterygoid muscle. On the contrary, posterior, superior, or lateral dislocations of the intact mandibular condyle occur rarely, and very few such cases have been reported in the English language literature. The rarity of these dislocations can be attributed to the varying anatomy of the condyle, the direction of pull of muscles attached to the condyle and low incidence of skull base fractures from an indirect blow. A case of bilateral supero-lateral dislocation of the condyle associated with a symphyseal fracture is presented. We discuss the dynamics, diagnostic features and clinical management of such dislocations with extensive review of literature.
Sarilumab:A New Arsenal for Rheumatoid Arthritis
Authors: Kumar Rakesh , Jassal Baljit , Sehgal Arshiya
Published: February 2018

Rheumatoid arthritis is a debilitating disease that has significant impact on quality of life. Biological and non biological DMARDs improved the outcome in RA patients. New agents are still required in inadequate responders or intolerant patients. FDA has recently approved a new drug Sarilumab, a monoclonal antibody for the treatment of moderate to severe form of RA which acts by binding to Interleukin receptor 6 and interrupts the resultant cytokine-mediated inflammatory signaling.
Morphometric Study of Axis Vertebra in Subjects of Indian Origin
Authors: Kaur Jasveen , Kaur Kamaljeet , Singh Poonam , Kumar Ajay
Published: February 2018

Background: The axis vertebra, exhibits complex and extensive variability in the morphology and there are vital neurovascular structures in its proximity. Knowledge of this variability is important for neurosurgeons, orthopaedicians, otorhynologists and other physicians who in everyday practice are in contact with disorders of the spine and their consequences.

Objective: The aim was to evaluate various morphometric dimensions of axis vertebrae and to compare with the available data.

Material and Methods: 50 dried human axis vertebrae of Indian origin, available in the Department of Anatomy, Dayanand Medical College and Hospital, Ludhiana were studied. Various dimensions were taken with vernier calipers, metric scale and graph paper. The dimensions were measured in millimetres and statistically analysed with paired t-test.

Results: The mean of maximum anteroposterior diameter (max.APD) and maximum transverse diameter (max.TD) of Superior Articular Facet (SAF) was measured as 17.42mm±1.73 and 15.31mm±1.44 on the right side, 17.64mm±1.51 and 15.17mm±1.48 on left side. The mean Distance from Lateral most edge of SAF to Midline was measured as 22.56mm ± 2.37 and 22.40mm ± 2.16 on the right and left sides, respectively. The mean Distance from Tip of Transverse Process to Midline was 26.45mm ± 2.85 on the right and 26.03mm ± 2.64 on the left side. The mean Height of Dens was measured as 13.83mm ± 1.52, mean Width of Dens as 9.57mm ± 0.85. Width of Pedicle was measured as 10.52mm ± 1.99 and 10.61mm ± 1.67on right and left sides, respectively.

Conclusion: The knowledge of these dimensions can provide useful information for safe planning of osseous fixation.
Sociodemographic Correlates of Psychological Symptoms of Premenstrual Syndrome
Authors: Jassal Baljit , Kumar Rakesh , Bajaj Jagminder Kaur
Published: February 2018

Background: Premenstrual syndrome is a multifactorial psychoneurendocrine disorder. Etiology of PMS is still not demarcated & research continues in this area. Role of corelates age, parity, marital, educational & occupational status of PMS is being explored in various regions.

Objective: To study sociodemographic correlates of psychological symptoms of premenstrual syndrome in woman of reproductive age group.

Material and Methods: Prospective observational study was carried on 247 females in the reproductive age group. The participants were given the list of 18 preliminary symptoms and asked to encircle the symptoms they suffer during later part of the menstrual cycle in any of the last 3 cycles. In participants reporting ≥3 symptoms, the psychological symptoms were analysed and their association was observed with various sociodemographic parameters (age, location- rural/urban, marital status, parity, education, occupation).

Results: 155(62.57%) reported 3 or more symptoms during later part of the menstrual cycle in the last 3 cycles. 149(96.1%) females reported at least one psychological symptom. These women showed following demographic correlates. 74.5% of females belonged to 18-26 years age group. 75.8% were unmarried. 81% had no child. 87.2% were from urban area. 71.1% were senior secondary. 96% females had mental work occupation.

Conclusion: On retrospective screening there was 62.57% prevalence but on prospective follow up with PMTS & daily diary prevalence was found to be only 4.05%. Most common psychological symptom reported was irritability & there was significant association of irritability with educational status, type of work & parity. Mood swings were significantly more in females doing mental work.
A Study on Concordance of Pre and Post-surgical Biopsy in Oral Carcinoma
Authors: Sebastian Jeena , B. Satheesan , Emmnuel Shibu P. , N. C. Sandeepa , Asif Shaik Mohammed Asif , Kaleem Sultan Mohammed , Barthunia Bhavna
Published: February 2018

Background: Clinically suspicious oral lesions are usually first dealt with an incisional biopsy. The management and treatment plan of these entities depends mainly on this report. The disparity in incisional and excisional biopsy report is an important area of concern affecting the patient’s management.

Objective: Aim of the study was to compare retrospectively the incisional (presurgical) and excisional (post-surgical) biopsy reports of proven cases of carcinomas.

Material and Methods: A total of 98 excisional biopsy cases of proved oral carcinoma were selected. Both incisional and excisional biopsy reports were retrieved. Sex predilection, Frequency of site of tumor, correlation between incisional and excisional biopsy, type of biopsy and change in the status were studied and statistically analyzed. Significance between Pre-biopsy and post biopsy was statistically analyzed using Chi-Square Tests.

Results: There was concordance of 66.3% in incisional and excisional biopsy report. 33.7% cases showed disparity. Upgrading in the excisional biopsy report was noted in 15.30% cases. Downgrading was noted in 14.26% cases. When statistically analyzed the difference in pre-and post-biopsy was statistically insignificant.

Conclusion: Incisional biopsy was found to have certain restriction in the valuation of Oral lesions. Clinicians should be vigilant the possibility of under diagnosis from incisional biopsy and even undetected carcinoma in the incisional specimen, especially of nonhomogeneous lesions.
A Intervenção Psicopedagógica pelo viés da Gestalt-Terapia
Authors: Moraes Lucineide Fernandes , Fonseca Gabriela Fernandes Moraes
Published: February 2018

O presente artigo propõe questionamentos e reflexões acerca do atendimento psicopedagógico sob a perspectiva da Gestalt-Terapia. Nosso objetivo é mostrar que o processo de crescimento do ser humano pode ser pautado numa relação integradora com seu ambiente, na medida em que este não lhe for apresentado de maneira hostil e amedrontadora. A prática da psicopedagogia se aplica à aprendizagem, seja ela de caráter individual, grupal ou institucional.  Lembramos que a aprendizagem se inicia desde o primeiro contato do sujeito com o mundo externo e se perpetua por toda a vida, portanto é imprescindível levar em conta os acontecimentos desde a infância à vida adulta, o que nos faz considerar a aprendizagem “ad eterno”. A Gestalt-Terapia muito contribui para esta reflexão, na medida em que traz como pressuposto a concepção de que o homem é um ser-em-relação com o mundo, repleto de potencialidades e capaz de dar sentido à sua existência, a partir de suas percepções e experiências no contato com o mundo. Cabe, portanto, a nós – educadores, pais, adultos e profissionais da saúde – proporcionarmos meios favoráveis a uma interação humana mais produtiva, inclusive no que toca à aprendizagem. 

The pedagogical intervention the bias of therapy gestalt

ABSTRACT: This article proposes questions and reflections about the educational psychology service from the perspective of Gestalt Therapy. Our goal is to show that the human growth process can be guided in an inclusive relationship with their environment, to the extent that this is not presented him hostile and frightening way. The practice of educational psychology applies to learning, be it individual, group or institutional character. We remember that learning begins from the first contact of the subject with the outside world and lasts for a lifetime, so it is essential to take account of events from childhood to adulthood, which makes us consider learning "eternal ad" . Gestalt therapy greatly contributes to this reflection, in that it brings for granted the idea that man is a being-in-relation with the world, full of potential and capable of giving meaning to their lives, from their perceptions and experiences in touch with the world. It is therefore up to us - educators, parents, adults and health professionals - provides means favoring a more productive human interaction, including when it comes to learning. 
Custo-benefício da secagem de café em diferentes tipos de terreiro
Authors: Santos Oswaldo Lahmann , Reinato Carlos Henrique Rodrigues , Junqueira Juliano Donizete , Franco Emerson Loiola , Souza Caio Welber Alves , Rezende Aydison Neves
Published: February 2018

Neste trabalho objetivou-se comparar o custo de construção entre o terreiro de lama de cimento e outros diferentes tipos de terreiros de café, bem como a interferência desses terreiros na qualidade sensorial e alterações físico-químicas do café. O delineamento experimental consistiu em um delineamento inteiramente casualizado (DIC), com os tratamentos dispostos em fatorial. Foram utilizadas três repetições para cada tratamento. Após a secagem, as unidades experimentais foram beneficiadas e submetidas às análises. Para avaliação da composição química e física, foram realizados os testes de análise de condutividade elétrica e análise sensorial. Pelos resultados, verificou-se que o terreiro de lama de cimento se apresentou como uma excelente alternativa para a secagem do café, tanto doponto de vista econômico quanto do ponto de vista qualitativo.
National Symbols as Commemorative Emblems in Nigerian Films
Authors: Olayinka Alawode, Sunday , Olufunke Adesanya, Oluseyi , Cole Agboola, Olufunsho
Published: February 2018

Nigerian films worldwide are the entertainment offerings of the nation, a burgeoning industry with steady increase growth rate and contributing substantially to the GDP of the nation. National symbols are objects, entities and relics representing an idea, concept, character that may be physical, abstract, religious, cultural, and linguistic among others in a sovereign context and beyond. Symbols or objects that connected together may not have anything in common in reality but by association and common agreement, they have come to represent each other in social contexts; a symbol may arbitrarily denote a referent, icon and index. In the case of Nigeria, the National flag, Anthem, Pledge, Currency, language, Coat of arms, National institutions like the National Assembly complex, Federal Capital Territory (FCT), images of past leaders, historical monuments like the Unknown Soldier (representing military men who died in the cause of protecting the nation), dresses are some of these national symbols. Apart from commemorative historical functions, national symbols are also used to represent hard work, credibility or truthfulness, as well as ethnic differentiation, religious affiliation, cultural background, social status, professional orientation, class distinction among others. Theorizing with Gate-keeping and Framing Analysis, this study adopts a content analysis design which is the study of recorded human communications, an objective and systematic analysis of the contents of any document that are manifest. It is often used to investigate the level of presence of a given content in mass communication. The study selected thirty video films between 2010 and 2015 through a systematic sampling with a random start. Content categories include genre of film, type of symbol, setting of symbol, purpose of symbol, cultural implication of symbol, positioning of symbol, symbiotic relations, prominence, and direction of presentation among others. The study presumed that the nation is replete with communicative, symbolic emblems commemorating historical, cultural, religious, social and family landmarks in nationhood but that these items of symbols are minimally represented in the films that stand as cultural products and identity of the nation in the international community. Findings of the study have dire implications for the critical assessment, representation and image or identity of the nation for the past, present and the future.
Stratégies De Gestion Des Conflits Fonciers Intra Familiauxà Douafla Dans La Sous-Préfecture De Sinfra (Centre-Ouest Ivoirien)
Authors: Yves Fallé Landry
Published: February 2018

Our study is focused on intra-family conflicts in the locality of Douafala at the sub-prefecture of Sinfra in the west center of Cote d'Ivoire. It has helped us to understand and analyze the causes of intra-family conflicts within the families of Douafla and the processes used in solving them. The argument is that intra-family land conflicts take many forms in the locality of Douafala and the actors use specific techniques to resolve these conflicts. The study was guided by the main question: What are the intra-family land conflicts existing in Douafla which justifies the land conflicts existing within the family unit? To answer this question, we have developed three hypotheses from the three specific objectives. Indeed, the first objective was to identify intra-family conflicts in Douafla. The second objective was to analyze the intra-family conflicts and the adopted (customary and administrative) strategies of this conflict. Finally, the last objective was to analyze the procedures adopted by the authorities in the resolution of this conflict. At the end of our analysis, we stated that land in all its forms generates conflicts that are sometimes adjustable. Land conflicts, therefore, arise due to generosity in the past and the lack of paper document of the land.
Diagnóstico De Aprobación De La Certificación Internacional ESOL Examinations En La Modalidad Extensión Del Centro De Idiomas - ESPOCH
Authors: Yerovi Enrique Jesús Guambo , Peñafiel Marcelo Eduardo Allauca
Published: February 2018

This paper focuses on diagnosing and determining the number of students who obtained the International Certification of ESOL Examinations of Cambridge University, which was formed in the Extension Modality of the Language Center. For this reason, this study was carried out based on the academic follow up of those students who passed or failed the 8 levels of English. This was done with a total of 680 hours, planned through the dimensions of a new curriculum, designed within the project titled “Strengthening of the Extension Modality in the Language Center at the Higher Polytechnic School of Chimborazo” based on an academic text of Cambridge University. The results correspond to a total of 122 students of 4 promotions that were evaluated by skills and according to parameters established by the staff of the University of Cambridge ESOL Examinations. This, however, enabled us to ascertain the number of certifications recognized by the Common European Framework, obtained by the students in levels A2, B1, and B2.
Kinoa (Chenopodium quinoa Willd.)’da Farklı Tuz (NaCl) Yoğunluklarının Tane Verimi ve Bazı Verim Unsurlarına Etkisi
Authors: DUMANOĞLU Zeynep , IŞIK Damla , GEREN Hakan
Published: February 2018

 

Tuz stresi

bitkisel üretimi sınırlayan en önemli faktörlerden birisidir. Bir And bölgesi

bitkisi olan kinoa (Chenopodium

quinoa)’nın cansız stres faktörlerine dikkate değer ölçüde toleransı

bulunmaktadır. Bu çalışma, 2015

yılında kontrollü şartlarda uygulanan farklı tuz seviyelerinin

(0-75-150-225-300-375 mM NaCl) kinoada tane verimi ve bazı verim özelliklerine

etkisini incelemek amacıyla yürütülmüştür. Denemede bitki boyu, dal sayısı,

salkım sayısı, bin tane ağırlığı, biyolojik verim,  hasat indeksi, tane verimi ve tane ham protein

oranı gibi özellikler incelenmiştir. Sonuçlar, artan tuz seviyelerinin

kontrolle karşılaştırıldığında yukarıda bahsedilen özellikleri olumsuz yönde

etkilediğini, ancak bin tane ağırlığının etkilenmediğini göstermiştir. 
Balya Depolama Sürelerinin Pamuğun (Gossypium hirsutum L.) Lif Kalitesine Etkisi
Authors: Şahin Mevlüt Özgün , Başal Hüseyin
Published: February 2018

 

Bu çalışma,

rollergin ve sawgin çırçır makinesi ile

çırçırlanmış pamuk balyalarının nemlendirmeli ve nemlendirmesiz ortamda

depolama süresinin (5 ay) lif kalite özelliklerine etkisini belirlemek amacı

ile yapılmıştır. Nemlendirmeli ortamda tutulan rollergin ve sawgin

balyalarında süre artışı ile birlikte balya içi nem artış oranlarının düzenli,

nemlendirmesiz ortamda ise balya içi nem artışının düzensiz olduğu

saptanmıştır. Depolama şeklinin sawgin balyalarının ağırlık değerlerini

değiştirmediği, rollergin balyalarında ise ağırlık değerlilerinin

nemlendirmesiz ortamda düştüğü, nemlendirmeli ortamda ise değişmediği

gözlenmiştir. İki farklı koşulda depolanan rollergin balyalarında depolama

süresinin artışı ile birlikte; mikroner (Mik.) ve esneklik (Esn.) değerinin

düştüğü; parlaklık derecesinin (P) arttığı, üst yarı ortalama uzunluk (ÜYOU),

lif kopma dayanıklılığı (LKD), lif uzunluk uyumu indeksi (LUUİ), kısa lif

indeksi (KLİ) ve sarılık (S) değerlerinin değişmediği gözlenmiştir. Sawgin

balyalarında ise depolama süresinin lif kopma dayanıklılığı (LKD), esneklik

(Esn.), kısa lif indeksini(KLİ) ve parlaklık (P) gibi lif özelliklerini olumlu

etkilediği, üst yarı ortalama uzunluk (ÜYOU), lif uzunluk uyumu indeksi (LUUİ),

mikroner (Mik.) ve sarılık (S)değerlerini ise etkilemediği saptanmıştır. Bu

çalışmada; rollergin ve sawgin balyalarının nemlendirmeli veya nemlendirmesiz

koşullarda 5 ay depolama (Ocak – Mayıs) süresinin sonunda lif kalite

özelliklerinde saptanan farklılıklar yüzde değişim tolerans değerleri (artış ve

azalış) içerisinde kaldığından dolayı lif kalite özelliklerininin depolama

süresi ve koşullarından genel olarak olumsuz yönde etkilenmediği sonucuna

varılmıştır.
Fasulye Tohumlarındaki Viral Etmenlerin Saptanmasında Tanı Yöntemlerinin Duyarlılıklarının İncelenmesi
Authors: SARAÇOĞLU Kübra , ERKAN Semih
Published: February 2018

 

Bu çalışma,

2012 ve 2013 yıllarında değişik tohum firmalarından ve Ege Üniversitesi Ziraat

Fakültesi Bahçe Bitkileri Bölümü’nden temin edilen 70 adet farklı fasulye tohum

örneğinde virüslerin bulunma durumunun ve bu virüslerin tanılanmasında

kullanılan yöntemlerin duyarlılıklarının belirlenmesi amacıyla yürütülmüştür.

Fasulye tohum örneklerindeki viral etmenlerin tanılanmasında simptomatoloji,

bitki yetiştirme, biyolojik testleme (mekanik inokulasyon), seroloji ve

moleküler yöntemler kullanılmıştır. Tohum örneklerinde 5 viral etmenin varlığı

RT-PCR, 4 virüsün tanılanması ise DAS-ELISA yöntemi ile incelenmiş ve bu

yöntemlerin diğer yöntemlerle duyarlılık durumu kıyaslanmıştır. Çalışmadaki

toplam 70 tohum örneğinin RT-PCR yöntemi ile 69'u, DAS-ELISA yöntemi ile 62'si,

mekanik inokulasyon ile 30'ı, tohumdaki belirtilerin görsel olarak incelenmesi

ile 48'i ve bitki yetiştirme testleri ile 70 tohum örneğinden gelişme gösteren

64 bitkiden 48'i enfektelidir. Tohum örneklerinde BCMV, BCMNV, CMV ve SMV adlı

viral etmenlerinin olduğu bulunurken, AMV’ne rastlanılmamıştır. Elde edilen

sonuçlara göre, tanılama yöntemleri arasında RT-PCR' ın en duyarlı yöntem

olduğu ve tohum örneklerinin büyük bir kısmının BCMV ile enfekteli bulunduğu

görülmüştür.