bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Inferring microRNA-disease association by hybrid recommendation algorithm and unbalanced bi-random walk on heterogeneous network
Authors: Yu Dong-Ling , Ma Yuan-Lin , Yu Zu-Guo
Published: February 2019

More and more research works have indicated that microRNAs (miRNAs) play indispensable roles in exploring the pathogenesis of diseases. Detecting miRNA-disease associations by experimental techniques in biology is expensive and time-consuming. Hence, it is important to propose reliable and accurate computational methods to exploring potential miRNAs related diseases. In our work, we develop a novel method (BRWHNHA) to uncover potential miRNAs associated with diseases based on hybrid recommendation algorithm and unbalanced bi-random walk. We first integrate the Gaussian interaction profile kernel similarity into the miRNA functional similarity network and the disease semantic similarity network. Then we calculate the transition probability matrix of bipartite network by using hybrid recommendation algorithm. Finally, we adopt unbalanced bi-random walk on the heterogeneous network to infer undiscovered miRNA-disease relationships. We tested BRWHNHA on 22 diseases based on five-fold cross-validation and achieves reliable performance with average AUC of 0.857, which an area under the ROC curve ranging from 0.807 to 0.924. As a result, BRWHNHA significantly improves the performance of inferring potential miRNA-disease association compared with previous methods. Moreover, the case studies on lung neoplasms and prostate neoplasms also illustrate that BRWHNHA is superior to previous prediction methods and is more advantageous in exploring potential miRNAs related diseases. All source codes can be downloaded from https://github.com/myl446/BRWHNHA.
One-Year Outcome Predictors of Strabismus Surgery from Anterior Segment Optical Coherence Tomography with Multiple B-Scan Averaging
Authors: Miyata Manabu , Suda Kenji , Uji Akihito , Hata Masayuki , Oishi Akio , Nakano Eri , Yamamoto Akinari , Nakao Shinya , Ohtsuki Hiroshi , Tsujikawa Akitaka
Published: February 2019

Strabismologists are eager to identify preoperative or intraoperative strabismus surgery outcome predictors because of the variable effects in each patient. Conjunctival closure position recession after rectus muscle recession is effective for correcting large angle strabismus. The elasticity of the conjunctiva and Tenon’s capsule is important for strabismus surgery management. In this longitudinal study, we evaluated the prognosis of conjunctiva and Tenon’s capsule thickness (CTT) near the limbus 1 year after strabismus surgery with a limbal conjunctival incision using swept-source anterior segment optical coherence tomography with multiple B-scan averaging. Also, we identified preoperative and/or intraoperative parameters associated with corrective effects 1 year after surgery in 15 consecutive treatment-naïve patients with exotropia or esotropia who underwent recession and resection. The 1-year CTT was greater than the preoperative CTT on the resection side (269 ± 111 vs 183 ± 53 μm, P < 0.001) but was smaller on the recession side (137 ± 54 vs 183 ± 71 μm, P = 0.02). The corrective effect of surgery (1.6 ± 0.3°/mm) was most strongly correlated with preoperative CTT on the recession side (P = 0.005, β = −0.73). Hence, CTT on the recession side may provide adjunctive information for strabismus treatment.
Predictions of children’s emotionality from evolutionary and epigenetic hypotheses
Authors: Hill Jonathan , Pickles Andrew , Wright Nicola , Braithwaite Elizabeth , Sharp Helen
Published: February 2019

Sex-dependent effects of mismatched prenatal-postnatal maternal conditions are predicted by combining two evolutionary hypotheses: that foetal conditions provide a forecast of likely postnatal environments (Predictive Adaptive Response), and that the female foetus is better adapted than the male to maternal adversity (Trivers-Willard hypothesis). Animal studies have implicated glucocorticoid mechanisms modifiable by effects of postnatal tactile stimulation on glucocorticoid receptor gene expression. In this study we examined behavioural predictions in humans based on these evolutionary and epigenetic models. Mothers in a general population cohort provided self-reported anxiety scores at 20 weeks pregnancy, and at 9 weeks, 14 months and 3.5 years postpartum, and frequency of infant stroking at 9 weeks. Mothers and teachers reported child symptoms at 7 years. SEM models with maximum-likelihood estimates made use of data from 887 participants. There was a three-way interaction between prenatal and postnatal anxiety and maternal stroking in the prediction of irritability, seen only in girls. This arose because lower maternal stroking was associated with higher irritability, only in the mismatched, low-high and high-low maternal anxiety groups. We provide evidence that mechanisms likely to have evolved well before the emergence of humans, contribute to the development of children’s emotionality and risk for depression.
Origin of ferromagnetism in Cu-doped ZnO
Authors: Ali Nasir , Singh Budhi , Khan Zaheer Ahmed , A. R. Vijaya , Tarafder Kartick , Ghosh Subhasis
Published: February 2019

It is widely reported during last decade on the observation of room temperature ferromagnetism (RTFM) in doped ZnO and other transition metal oxides. However, the origin of RTFM is not understood and highly debated. While investigating the origin of RTFM, magnetic ion doped oxides should be excluded because it is not yet settled whether RTFM is intrinsic or due to the magnetic ion cluster in ZnO. Hence, it is desirable to investigate the origin of RTFM in non-magnetic ion doped ZnO and Cu-doped ZnO will be most suitable for this purpose. The important features of ferromagnetism observed in doped ZnO are (i) observation of RTFM at a doping concentration much below than the percolation threshold of wurtzite ZnO, (ii) temperature independence of magnetization and (iii) almost anhysteretic magnetization curve. We show that all these features of ferromagnetism in ZnO are due to overlapping of bound magnetic polarons (BMPs) which are created by exchange interaction between the spin of Cu2+ ion and spin of the localized hole due to zinc vacancy $$({V}_{Zn})$$
(

V

Z
n

)
. Both the experimental and theoretical investigation show that the exchange interaction between Cu2+-Cu2+ ions mediated by $${V}_{Zn}$$

V

Z
n

is responsible for RTFM in Cu-doped ZnO.
Identification of Neutralizing Monoclonal Antibodies Targeting Novel Conformational Epitopes of the Porcine Epidemic Diarrhoea Virus Spike Protein
Authors: Chang Chia-Yu , Cheng Ivan-Chen , Chang Yen-Chen , Tsai Pei-Shiue , Lai Seiu-Yu , Huang Yu-Liang , Jeng Chian-Ren , Pang Victor Fei , Chang Hui-Wen
Published: February 2019

Since 2010, newly identified variants of porcine epidemic diarrhoea virus (PEDV) have caused high mortality in neonatal piglets which has devastated the swine industry. The spike (S) glycoprotein of PEDV contains multiple neutralizing epitopes and is a major target for PEDV neutralization and vaccine development. To understand the antigenicity of the new PEDV variant, we characterized the neutralizing epitopes of a new genotype 2b PEDV isolate from Taiwan, PEDV Pintung 52 (PEDV-PT), by the generation of neutralizing monoclonal antibodies (NmAbs). Two NmAbs, P4B-1, and E10E-1–10 that recognized the ectodomain of the full-length recombinant PEDV S protein and exhibited neutralizing ability against the PEDV-PT virus were selected. Recombinant truncated S proteins were used to identify the target sequences for the NmAbs and P4B-1 was shown to recognize the C-terminus of CO-26K equivalent epitope (COE) at amino acids (a.a.) 575–639 of the PEDV S. Interestingly, E10E-1–10 could recognize a novel neutralizing epitope at a.a. 435–485 within the S1Adomain of the PEDV S protein, whose importance and function are yet to be determined. Moreover, both NmAbs could not bind to linearized S proteins, indicating that only conformational epitopes are recognized. This data could improve our understanding of the antigenic structures of the PEDV S protein and facilitate future development of novel epitope-based vaccines.
Publisher Correction: Downwind footprint of an urban heat island on air and lake temperatures
Authors: Cosgrove Ann , Berkelhammer Max
Published: February 2019

In the original published version of this Article, revisions that had been requested by the authors at proof correction were not included. Figures 2 and 5 have been resupplied at higher resolution, and the axes and labels on Figs 3 and 4 have been amended for clarity (x-axis labels made uniform between panels in Fig. 4) or added when missing (missing temperature label in Fig. 3a). These corrections have been made to the PDF and HTML version of the article.
Diminutive fleet-footed tyrannosauroid narrows the 70-million-year gap in the North American fossil record
Authors: Zanno Lindsay E. , Tucker Ryan T. , Canoville Aurore , Avrahami Haviv M. , Gates Terry A. , Makovicky Peter J.
Published: February 2019

To date, eco-evolutionary dynamics in the ascent of tyrannosauroids to top predator roles have been obscured by a 70-million-year gap in the North American (NA) record. Here we report discovery of the oldest Cretaceous NA tyrannosauroid, extending the lineage by ~15 million years. The new taxon—Moros intrepidusgen. et sp. nov.—is represented by a hind limb from an individual nearing skeletal maturity at 6–7 years. With a ~1.2-m limb length and 78-kg mass,M.intrepidusranks among the smallest Cretaceous tyrannosauroids, restricting the window for rapid mass increases preceding the appearance of colossal eutyrannosaurs. Phylogenetic affinity with Asian taxa supports transcontinental interchange as the means by which iconic biotas of the terminal Cretaceous were established in NA. The unexpectedly diminutive and highly cursorial bauplan of NA’s earliest Cretaceous tyrannosauroids reveals an evolutionary strategy reliant on speed and small size during their prolonged stint as marginal predators.
Proton supplier role of binuclear gold complexes in promoting hydrofunctionalisation of nonactivated alkenes
Authors: Asgari Maryam , Hyland Christopher J. T. , Hashmi A. Stephen K. , Yates Brian F. , Ariafard Alireza
Published: February 2019

PR3AuOTf-Catalyzed hydrofunctionalisation of nonactivated alkenes using acetic acid and phenol was found to take place via a binuclear mechanism.
Amidomagnesium cations
Authors: Banerjee Sumanta , Ankur Ankur , Andrews Alex P. , Varghese Babu , Venugopal Ajay
Published: February 2019

We report the synthesis, structure and reactivity of molecular amidomagnesium cations bearing tris{2-(dimethylamino)-ethyl}amine (Me6TREN).
Comparing industrial and domestic discharges as sources of N-nitrosamines and their chloramine or ozone-reactive precursors
Authors: Chuang Yi-Hsueh , Shabani Farzaneh , Munoz Joline , Aflaki Roshanak , Hammond Slavica D. , Mitch William A.
Published: February 2019

Analyses of domestic, commercial and industrial sewage discharges apportioned loadings of N-nitrosodimethylamine, its precursors and N-nitrosomorpholine.
Ion diffusion across a disorder-to-order phase transition in a poly(ethylene oxide)-b-poly(silsesquioxane) block copolymer electrolyte
Authors: Timachova Ksenia , Sethi Gurmukh K. , Bhattacharya Rajashree , Villaluenga Irune , Balsara Nitash P.
Published: February 2019

Nanostructured block copolymer electrolytes composed of organic and inorganic moieties have the potential to enable solid-state batteries.
Asymmetric bifunctional protein nanoparticles through redesign of self-assembly
Authors: Sosa Santiago , Rossi Andrés H. , Szalai Alan M. , Klinke Sebastián , Rinaldi Jimena , Farias Ana , Berguer Paula M. , Nadra Alejandro D. , Stefani Fernando D. , Goldbaum Fernando A. , Bonomi Hernán R.
Published: February 2019

In this work we rationally redesign and engineer a decameric protein scaffold to generate an asymmetric Janus-like protein nanoparticle. As a proof of concept this novel scaffold is functionalized (i) to fluorescently label eukaryotic cells and (ii) to generate a multichromophoric FRET nanoparticle.
Synthesis and characterization of new D–π-A and A–π-D–π-A type oligothiophene derivatives
Authors: Pandolfi Fabiana , Rocco Daniele , Mattiello Leonardo
Published: February 2019

New conjugated oligothiophenes with different donor/acceptor architectures were synthesized, with potential applications in the field of organic electronics.
Fe-MOFs prepared with the DBD plasma method for efficient Fenton catalysis
Authors: Tao Xumei , Sun Chao , Huang Liang , Han Yuanyuan , Xu Dongyan
Published: February 2019

Fe-MOFs were successfully synthesized with the dielectric barrier discharge (DBD) plasma method, and applied for degradation of methyl orange by the Fenton process.
Supramolecular self-assembly and physical-gel formation in disc-like liquid crystals: a scalable predictive model for gelation and an application in photovoltaics
Authors: Iqbal Sehrish , Khan Ammar A.
Published: February 2019

The application of triphenylene-based discotic liquid crystal derivatives as physical gelators is investigated.
Cobalt ferrite supported on reduced graphene oxide as a T2 contrast agent for magnetic resonance imaging
Authors: Alazmi Amira , Singaravelu Venkatesh , Batra Nitin M. , Smajic Jasmin , Alyami Mram , Khashab Niveen M. , Costa Pedro M. F. J.
Published: February 2019

In a one-pot hydrothermal synthesis of MRI-active CoFe2O4 nanoparticles grafted onto graphene flakes, careful selection of the parent graphene oxide enables major increments in grafting yield and proton relaxivity rates.
In silicopost-SELEX screening and experimental characterizations for acquisition of high affinity DNA aptamers against carcinoembryonic antigen
Authors: Wang Qiong-Lin , Cui Hui-Fang , Du Jiang-Feng , Lv Qi-Yan , Song Xiaojie
Published: February 2019

High affinity DNA aptamers against carcinoembryonic antigen were selected and verified by using anin silicoapproach and experimental characterizations.
Reactive intermediates in copanlisib metabolism identified by LC-MS/MS: phase I metabolic profiling
Authors: AlRabiah Haitham , Kadi Adnan A. , Attwa Mohamed W. , Abdelhameed Ali S. , Mostafa Gamal A. E.
Published: February 2019

Copanlisib (CNB; Aliqopa™) is a novel, intravenous phosphoinositide 3-kinase inhibitor used to treat various solid and hematological malignancies.
The carbonization of polyacrylonitrile-derived electrospun carbon nanofibers studied by in situ transmission electron microscopy
Authors: Schierholz Roland , Kröger Daniel , Weinrich Henning , Gehring Markus , Tempel Hermann , Kungl Hans , Mayer Joachim , Eichel Rüdiger-A.
Published: February 2019

The carbonization of polyacrylonitrile (PAN) nanofibers is observed in situ up to 1000 °C by transmission electron microscopy (TEM).
Temperature-dependent dynamics of NH3-derived Cu species in the Cu-CHA SCR catalyst
Authors: Borfecchia Elisa , Negri Chiara , Lomachenko Kirill A. , Lamberti Carlo , Janssens Ton V. W. , Berlier Gloria
Published: February 2019

In situ XAS and UV-vis–NIR spectroscopy shed light on Cu-speciation during NH3 temperature-programmed desorption and surface reaction (TPSR) over a commercial Cu-chabazite deNOx catalyst, expanding the fundamental knowledge required to unravel the NH3-SCR mechanism across the whole operation-relevant temperature range.
Functionalizing gold with single strand DNA: novel insight into optical properties via combined spectroscopic ellipsometry and nanolithography measurements
Authors: Pinto Giulia , Parisse Pietro , Solano Ilaria , Canepa Paolo , Canepa Maurizio , Casalis Loredana , Cavalleri Ornella
Published: February 2019

We have studied the self-assembly of 22-base oligonucleotides bound by a short alkyl thiol linker (C6-ssDNA) on flat Au films.
Controlling methacryloyl substitution of chondroitin sulfate: injectable hydrogels with tunable long-term drug release profiles
Authors: Ornell Kimberly J. , Lozada Danilo , Phan Nhi V. , Coburn Jeannine M.
Published: February 2019

Controlling the degree of methacryloyl substitution on chondroitin sulfate allows for tunable drug release kinetics.
Polydopamine-mediated covalent functionalization of collagen on a titanium alloy to promote biocompatibility with soft tissues
Authors: Zhu Yi , Liu Dandan , Wang Xiuli , He Yao , Luan Wenjie , Qi Fazhi , Ding Jiandong
Published: February 2019

A facile method to achieve a stable collagen coating on a titanium alloy was put forward to promote the integration between a percutaneous implant and soft tissue.
Interfacial engineering for highly efficient quasi-two dimensional organic–inorganic hybrid perovskite light-emitting diodes
Authors: Liu Qing-Wei , Yuan Shuai , Sun Shuang-Qiao , Luo Wei , Zhang Yi-Jie , Liao Liang-Sheng , Fung Man-Keung
Published: February 2019

Metal halide-based perovskites are regarded as promising candidates for light-emitting diodes (LEDs) owing to their high color purity, tunable bandgap and solution processability.
Nitrogen doped carbon quantum dots demonstrate no toxicity underin vitroconditions in a cervical cell line andin vivoin Swiss albino mice
Authors: Singh Vimal , Kashyap Sunayana , Yadav Umakant , Srivastava Anchal , Singh Ajay Vikram , Singh Rajesh Kumar , Singh Santosh Kumar , Saxena Preeti S.
Published: February 2019

Carbon quantum dots (CQDs) and their derivatives have potential applications in the field of biomedical imaging.
Dinuclear organogermanium chalcogenide complexes as intermediates towards functionalized clusters
Authors: Dornsiepen Eike , Dehnen Stefanie
Published: February 2019

Compounds [(R1GeCl)2E2] were isolated upon reactions of R1GeCl3 (R1 = CMe2CH2COMe) with (Me3Si)2E (E = S, Se, Te) as intermediates of the [(R1Ge)4E6] cluster formation.
Increasing steric demand through flexible bulk – primary phosphanes with 2,6-bis(benzhydryl)phenyl backbones
Authors: Bresien Jonas , Goicoechea Jose M. , Hinz Alexander , Scharnhölz Moritz T. , Schulz Axel , Suhrbier Tim , Villinger Alexander
Published: February 2019

Novel primary phosphanes with bulky 2,6-bis(benzhydryl)phenyl substituents could be prepared and fully characterized.
Unbridged Rh(ii)–Rh(ii) complexes of N-heterocyclic carbenes and reactions with O2 to form dirhodium(μ–η1:η1-O2) complexes
Authors: Yi Xiaofei , Liu Bin , Chen Kai , Chen Wei , Chen Wanzhi
Published: February 2019

Dimeric rhodium(ii) [Rh(L)(CH3CN)]2(PF6)4 and rhodium(iii) peroxide [Rh(L)(PPh3)]2(μ–η1:η1-O2)(PF6)4 and [Rh(L)(PCy3)]2(μ–η1:η1-O2)(PF6)4 (L = bis(N-pyridylimidazolylidenyl)methane) were reported.
Simplified and versatile access to low valent Ni complexes by metal-free reduction of NiII precursors
Authors: Moser Emile , Jeanneau Erwann , Mézailles Nicolas , Olivier-Bourbigou Hélène , Breuil Pierre-Alain R.
Published: February 2019

Various well defined low valent Ni complexes were obtained by salt-free reduction of a commercially available Ni(ii) precursor.
Lewis acid promoted fluorine-alkoxy group exchange reactions for the synthesis of 5-alkoxy-4,4-difluoroisoxazoline systems
Authors: Sato Kazuyuki , Sandford Graham , Konishi Yukiko , Yanada Niko , Toda Chisako , Tarui Atsushi , Omote Masaaki
Published: February 2019

Lewis acid promoted substitution of fluorine yields novel 5-alkoxylated 4,4-difluoroisoxazolines via SN1 type processes.
An efficient preparation of β-ketophosphine oxides from alkynylphosphine oxides with benzaldehyde oxime as a hydroxide source
Authors: Chen Lu-Lu , Zhang Jing-Wen , Yang Wan-Wan , Chen Pei , Chen Dan-Yun , Wang Yan-Bo
Published: February 2019

An effective transition-metal-free method has been developed for the preparation of β-ketophosphine oxides from alkynylphosphine oxides with benzaldehyde oxime.
Reactivity of epoxy-ynamides with metal halides: nucleophile (Br/Cl/OH)-assisted tandem intramolecular 5-exo-digor 6-endo-digcyclisation and AgF2-promoted oxidation
Authors: Anitha Mandala , Shankar Mallepalli , Kumara Swamy K. C.
Published: February 2019

Several metal halides (CuBr, LiCl, CuF2, AgF2) react with epoxy-ynamides to afford 1,3-oxazolidines, 1,4-oxazines or 1,2-dioxo-enamides.
Enynone-enabled migratory insertion and Schmittel cyclization cascade for the synthesis of furan-fused fluorenes
Authors: Zhang He , Cao Tongxiang , Luo Hejiang , Chen Lianfen , Zhu Shifa
Published: February 2019

A new method for the synthesis of furan-/benzo-fused fluorenes through copper(i)-catalyzed coupling of conjugated enynones or α-diazocarbonyl compounds with dialkynylbenzenes has been developed.
Gamma ray assisted modification of carbon quantum dot/polyurethane nanocomposites: structural, mechanical and photocatalytic study
Authors: Budimir Milica , Marković Zoran , Jovanović Dragana , Vujisić Miloš , Mičušík Matej , Danko Martin , Kleinová Angela , Švajdlenková Helena , Špitalský Zdeno , Marković Biljana Todorović
Published: February 2019

The present study reports the results of the gamma ray-assisted modification of hydrophobic carbon quantum dots (hCQDs)/polyurethane nanocomposites for photocatalytic degradation of organic dyes.
Semitransparent polymer solar cells with 9.06% efficiency and 27.1% average visible transmittance obtained by employing a smart strategy
Authors: Hu Zhenghao , Wang Zhi , Zhang Fujun
Published: February 2019

A PCE of 9.48% and AVT of 23.7% are achieved from semitransparent PSCs with PTB7-Th : IEICO-4F (1.2 : 1.5, wt/wt) as the active layer. The AVT of semitransparent PSCs is increased to 27.1% with PTB7-Th : IEICO-4F (0.8 : 1.5, wt/wt) as the active layer with a PCE of 9.06%, corresponding to over 14.3% AVT improvement and less than 4.5% PCE loss.
Full visible light emission in Eu2+,Mn2+-doped Ca9LiY0.667(PO4)7 phosphors based on multiple crystal lattice substitution and energy transfer for warm white LEDs with high colour-rendering
Authors: Cui Min , Wang Jindi , Shang Mengmeng , Li Jinhua , Wei Qi , Dang Peipei , Jang Ho Seong , Lin Jun
Published: February 2019

Warm white LEDs with high color-rendering were achieved using Ca9LiY0.667(PO4)7:0.03Eu2+,0.10Mn2+ phosphors.
Advanced power routing framework for optimal economic operation and control of solar photovoltaic‐based islanded microgrid
Authors: Parvez Mahmud M.A. , Hossain M.J. , Nizami Mohammad Sohrab Hasan , Rahman Md Shamiur , Farjana Shahjadi Hisan , Huda Nazmul , Lang Candace
Published: February 2019

Energy sharing through a microgrid (MG) is essential for islanded communities to maximise the use of distributed energy resources (DERs) and battery energy storage systems (BESSs). Proper energy management and control strategies of such MGs can offer revenue to prosumers (active consumers with DERs) by routing excess energy to their neighbours and maintaining grid constraints at the same time. This paper proposes an advanced power‐routing framework for a solar‐photovoltaic (PV)‐based islanded MG with a central storage system (CSS). An optimisation‐based economic operation for the MG is developed that determines the power routing and energy sharing in the MG in the day‐ahead stage. A modified droop controller‐based real‐time control strategy has been established that maintains the voltage constraints of the MG. The proposed power‐routing framework is verified via a case study for a typical islanded MG. The outcome of the optimal economic operation and a controller verification of the proposed framework are presented to demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed power‐routing framework. Results reveal that the proposed framework performs a stable control operation and provides a profit of 57 AU$/day at optimal conditions.
Reliability calculation of AC/DC hybrid distribution network with a solid‐state transformer
Authors: Xu Xinxing , Tai Nengling , Hu Yan , Wang Wei , Zheng Fenglei , He Wenzhi
Published: February 2019

With extensive access of distributed energy resources and DC loads, the traditional 10 kV AC distribution network has greatly increased the number of converters and reduced the reliability of power supply. A solid‐state transformer (SST) containing AC and DC terminals to build AC/DC hybrid distribution networks has become the focus of the current research. This study presents an AC/DC hybrid distribution network structure with 10 kV AC, 10 kV DC, ±375 V DC, and 380 V AC four voltage levels. In this network, the load is data centre, which needs high security for power supply reliability. According to the characteristics of this network, this study takes the reliability evaluation by using the minimum path set method and the state enumeration method, and the reliability of this new structure with SST is calculated. Through the study of a numerical example, the results show that after adding the multi‐terminal SST, the reliability of the AC/DC hybrid distribution network is suitable for data centre load, and the quantity of the converters can decrease.
Gas flow characteristics analysis of SF6 circuit breaker using similarity theory
Authors: Li Liying , Chen Hai , Zhang Yaqian , Liu Wei , Liu Xiaoming
Published: February 2019

In this paper, the gas flow model of high voltage SF6 circuit breaker arc quenching chamber was established to analyse the nozzle high speed gas flow variation characteristics using finite volume method, and k‐ɛ turbulent equation combined with the wall function was analysed. According to the similarity theory, the similarity criteria and the equivalent model for the arc quenching chamber was established and simulated for reflecting the aerodynamic behavior under cold gas flow interruption condition.
Gamma rays from jets interacting with BLR clouds in blazars
Authors: del Palacio S. , Bosch-Ramon V. , Romero G. E.
Published: February 2019

Context. The innermost parts of powerful jets in active galactic nuclei are surrounded by dense, high-velocity clouds from the broad-line region, which may penetrate into the jet and lead to the formation of a strong shock. Such jet-cloud interactions are expected to have measurable effects on the γ-ray emission from blazars.

Aims. We characterise the dynamics of a typical cloud-jet interaction scenario, and the evolution of its radiative output in the 0.1–30 GeV energy range, to assess to what extent these interactions can contribute to the γ-ray emission in blazars.

Methods. We use semi-analytical descriptions of the jet-cloud dynamics, taking into account the expansion of the cloud inside the jet and its acceleration. Assuming that electrons are accelerated in the interaction and making use of the hydrodynamical information, we then compute the high-energy radiation from the cloud, including the absorption of γ-rays in the ambient photon field through pair creation.

Results. Jet-cloud interactions can lead to significant γ-ray fluxes in blazars with a broad-line region (BLR), in particular when the cloud expansion and acceleration inside the jet are taken into account. This is caused by 1) the increased shocked area in the jet, which leads to an increase in the energy budget for the non-thermal emission; 2) a more efficient inverse Compton cooling with the boosted photon field of the BLR; and 3) an increased observer luminosity due to Doppler boosting effects.

Conclusions. For typical broad-line region parameters, either (i) jet-cloud interactions contribute significantly to the persistent γ-ray emission from blazars or (ii) the BLR is far from spherical or the fraction of energy deposited in non-thermal electrons is small.
CLIcK: a Continuum and Line fItting Kit for circumstellar disks
Authors: Liu Yao , Pascucci Ilaria , Henning Thomas
Published: February 2019

Infrared spectroscopy with medium to high spectral resolution is essential to characterize the gas content of circumstellar disks. Unfortunately, conducting continuum and line radiative transfer of thermochemical disk models is too time-consuming to carry out large parameter studies. Simpler approaches using a slab model to fit continuum-subtracted spectra require the identification of either the global or local continuum. Continuum subtraction, particularly when covering a broad wavelength range, is challenging but critical in rich molecular spectra as hot (several hundreds K) molecular emission lines can also produce a pseudo continuum. In this work, we present CLIcK, a flexible tool to simultaneously fit the continuum and line emission. The continuum model presented by Dullemond, Dominik, and Natta, and a plane-parallel slab of gas in local thermodynamic equilibrium are adopted to simulate the continuum and line emission, respectively, both of them are fast enough for homogeneous studies of large disk samples. We applied CLIcK to fit the observed water spectrum of the AA Tau disk and obtained water vapor properties that are consistent with literature results. We also demonstrate that CLIcK properly retrieves the input parameters used to simulate the water spectrum of a circumstellar disk. CLIcK will be a versatile tool for the interpretation of future James Webb Space Telescope spectra.
Variation of the magnetic field of the Ap star HD 50169 over its 29-year rotation period
Authors: Mathys G. , Romanyuk I. I. , Hubrig S. , Kudryavtsev D. O. , Landstreet J. D. , Schöller M. , Semenko E. A. , Yakunin I. A.
Published: February 2019

Context. The Ap stars that rotate extremely slowly, with periods of decades to centuries, represent one of the keys to the understanding of the processes leading to the differentiation of stellar rotation.

Aims. We characterise the variations of the magnetic field of the Ap star HD 50169 and derive constraints about its structure.

Methods. We combined published measurements of the mean longitudinal field ⟨Bz⟩ of HD 50169 with new determinations of this field moment from circular spectropolarimetry obtained at the 6m telescope BTA of the Special Astrophysical Observatory of the Russian Academy of Sciences. For the mean magnetic field modulus ⟨B⟩, literature data were complemented by the analysis of ESO spectra, both newly acquired and from the archive. Radial velocities were also obtained from these spectra.

Results. We present the first determination of the rotation period of HD 50169, Prot = 29.04 ± 0.82 yr. HD 50169 is currently the longest-period Ap star for which magnetic field measurements have been obtained over more than a full cycle. The variation curves of both ⟨Bz⟩ and ⟨B⟩ have a significant degree of anharmonicity, and there is a definite phase shift between their respective extrema. We confirm that HD 50169 is a wide spectroscopic binary, refine its orbital elements, and suggest that the secondary is probably a dwarf star of spectral type M.

Conclusions. The shapes and mutual phase shifts of the derived magnetic variation curves unquestionably indicate that the magnetic field of HD 50169 is not symmetric about an axis passing through its centre. Overall, HD 50169 appears similar to the bulk of the long-period Ap stars.
Prolonged sub-luminous state of the new transitional pulsar candidate CXOU J110926.4−650224
Authors: Coti Zelati Francesco , Papitto Alessandro , de Martino Domitilla , Buckley David A. H. , Odendaal Alida , Li Jian , Russell Thomas D. , Torres Diego F. , Mazzola Simona M. , Bozzo Enrico , Gromadzki Mariusz , Campana Sergio , Rea Nanda , Ferrigno Carlo , Migliari Simone
Published: February 2019

We report on a multi-wavelength study of the unclassified X-ray source CXOU J110926.4−650224 (J1109). We identified the optical counterpart as a blue star with a magnitude of ∼20.1 (3300–10500 Å). The optical emission was variable on timescales from hundreds to thousands of seconds. The spectrum showed prominent emission lines with variable profiles at different epochs. Simultaneous XMM-Newton and NuSTAR observations revealed a bimodal distribution of the X-ray count rates on timescales as short as tens of seconds, as well as sporadic flaring activity. The average broad-band (0.3–79 keV) spectrum was adequately described by an absorbed power law model with photon index of Γ = 1.63  ±  0.01 (at 1σ c.l.), and the X-ray luminosity was (2.16  ±  0.04)  ×  1034 erg s−1 for a distance of 4 kpc. Based on observations with different instruments, the X-ray luminosity has remained relatively steady over the past ∼15 years. J1109 is spatially associated with the gamma-ray source FL8Y J1109.8−6500, which was detected with Fermi at an average luminosity of (1.5  ±  0.2)  ×  1034 erg s−1 (assuming the distance of J1109) over the 0.1–300 GeV energy band between 2008 and 2016. The source was undetected during ATCA radio observations that were simultaneous with NuSTAR, down to a 3σ flux upper limit of 18 μJy beam−1 (at 7.25 GHz). We show that the phenomenological properties of J1109 point to a binary transitional pulsar candidate currently in a sub-luminous accretion disk state, and that the upper limits derived for the radio emission are consistent with the expected radio luminosity for accreting neutron stars at similar X-ray luminosities.
Solar wind charge exchange in cometary atmospheres
Authors: Simon Wedlund Cyril , Bodewits Dennis , Alho Markku , Hoekstra Ronnie , Behar Etienne , Gronoff Guillaume , Gunell Herbert , Nilsson Hans , Kallio Esa , Beth Arnaud
Published: February 2019

Context. Solar wind charge-changing reactions are of paramount importance to the physico-chemistry of the atmosphere of a comet, mass-loading the solar wind through an effective conversion of fast light solar wind ions into slow heavy cometary ions.

Aims. To understand these processes and place them in the context of a solar wind plasma interacting with a neutral atmosphere, numerical or analytical models are necessary. Inputs of these models, such as collision cross sections and chemistry, are crucial.

Methods. Book-keeping and fitting of experimentally measured charge-changing and ionization cross sections of hydrogen and helium particles in a water gas are discussed, with emphasis on the low-energy/low-velocity range that is characteristic of solar wind bulk speeds (<20 keV u−1/2000 km s−1).

Results. We provide polynomial fits for cross sections of charge-changing and ionization reactions, and list the experimental needs for future studies. To take into account the energy distribution of the solar wind, we calculated Maxwellian-averaged cross sections and fitted them with bivariate polynomials for solar wind temperatures ranging from 105 to 106 K (12–130 eV).

Conclusions. Single- and double-electron captures by He2+ dominate at typical solar wind speeds. Correspondingly, single-electron capture by H+ and single-electron loss by H− dominate at these speeds, resulting in the production of energetic neutral atoms (ENAs). Ionization cross sections all peak at energies above 20 keV and are expected to play a moderate role in the total ion production. However, the effect of solar wind Maxwellian temperatures is found to be maximum for cross sections peaking at higher energies, suggesting that local heating at shock structures in cometary and planetary environments may favor processes previously thought to be negligible. This study is the first part in a series of three on charge exchange and ionization processes at comets, with a specific application to comet 67P/Churyumov-Gerasimenko and the Rosetta mission.
The engineering way from spoof surface plasmon polaritons to radiations
Authors: Tang Wenxuan , Cui Tie Jun
Published: February 2019

In recent years, spoof surface plasmon polaritons (SPPs) have been investigated at microwave and THz frequencies for engineering purpose. Due to momentum mismatch, the SPP mode cannot be directly converted from the spatial mode, and vice versa. Stimulating schemes have been developed to transform spatial waveguide modes to SPP modes with high efficiency. On the other hand, the question may arise that, is it possible to transform the propagating SPP waves to directive radiating waves for wireless communication? In view of this, this paper introduces the new-concept antennas based on spoof SPPs at microwave frequencies. Methods of transforming SPP modes to radiating modes are studied, whilst a series of antenna designs are presented and discussed. Feeding networks for antenna arrays using SSPP TLs are also investigated. Most works reviewed in this paper are fulfilled at Southeast University in China.
Nutrient addition delivers growth advantage toHydrilla verticillataoverVallisneria natans:a mesocosm study
Authors: Tang Yali , Fu Baozhu , Zhang Xiufeng , Liu Zhengwen
Published: February 2019

Nutrient availability can affect both the morphology and the nutrient uptake strategies of submerged macrophytes, with different species responding differently to increases in nutrient levels. A 98-day mesocosm experiment was conducted to investigate the responses of co-culturedHydrilla verticillataandVallisneria natansto nutrient enrichments of 3.0 mg N/(L ∙ week) and 0.2 mg P/(L week), mimicking external loading. Water samples were collected every 2 weeks for measuring nutrient and total suspended solid (TSS) concentrations and biomass of phytoplankton (Chla). Dry biomasses of roots and shoots of both species were measured at the end of the experiment. Results showed that under nutrient-enriched conditions, both species reduced the ratio of root to shoot growth and increased nutrient storage per unit of biomass. However, onlyH. verticillataexhibited enhanced growth and nutrient storage, as well as a lower root: shoot ratio and greater shoot biomass than seen inVallisneria. Our findings demonstrate that nutrient enrichment of the water column can invoke morphological plasticity in bothH. verticillataandV. natans, but when both species grow together, the growth advantage goes to the former.
Biocontamination of benthic macroinvertebrate assemblages in Croatian major rivers and effects on ecological quality assessment
Authors: Ćuk Renata , Miliša Marko , Atanacković Ana , Dekić Svjetlana , Blažeković Luka , Žganec Krešimir
Published: February 2019

We studied the composition of non-indigenous macroinvertebrate species (NIMS) and biocontamination level in four major large Croatian rivers (the Danube, Sava, Drava and Mura) to establish which environmental parameters are the most important for the composition of NIMS assemblages and to determine how NIMS affect biological metrics regularly used in ecological quality assessment. We sampled benthic macroinvertebrates at 48 sites (44 lotic + 4 lentic), and among 236 taxa, 21 NIMS were identified, of which 9 were widespread and abundant. Only 14.6% of sites exhibited no biocontamination, 18.7% exhibited low or moderate biocontamination and 66.7% exhibited high or severe biocontamination. Higher biocontamination in the Drava may be due to both the proximity to the Danube as the main source of NIMS and the existence of three large reservoirs. We found significantly negative correlation between the number of NIMS and native taxa. The significant correlations between biocontamination indices and tested biological metrics were as follows: negative with %EPT, EPT-S, BMWP and IBE AQEM, while positive with HR-SI. This indicates that at sites where NIMS are abundant and native taxa scarce, standard biological metrics could provide unreliable results and compromise the assessment of ecological status of large rivers.
Shifts in the abiotic and biotic environment of cultivated sunflower under future climate change
Authors: Mehrabi Zia , Pironon Samuel , Kantar Michael , Ramankutty Navin , Rieseberg Loren
Published: February 2019

Sunflower is a unique model species for assessing crop responses and adaptation to climate change. We provide an initial assessment of how climate change may influence the abiotic and biotic environment of cultivated sunflower across the world. We find an 8% shift between current and future climate space in cultivated sunflower locations globally, and a 48% shift in Northern America, where the crop originates. Globally, the current niche occupied by sunflower crop wild relatives offer few opportunities to adapt to future climate for cultivated sunflower, but in Northern America 100% of the future climate space of cultivated sunflower is filled by the niche of primary wild relative germplasm alone (e.g. wild Helianthus annuus). Globally, we find little difference in the overlap between current and future climate space of cultivated sunflower with the niche of the important sunflower pathogen Sclerotinia sclerotiorum, but in Northern America, climate change will decrease the overlap between local populations of this pest and cultivated sunflower by 38%. Our analysis highlights the utility of multi-scale analysis for identifying candidate taxa for breeding efforts and for understanding how future climate will shift the abiotic and biotic environment of cultivated crops.
Bradykarde Herzrhythmusstörungen
Authors: Trappe Hans-Joachim
Published: February 2019

Bradykarde Arrhythmien können vielfältige Ursachen haben, es handelt sich vor allem um Störungen der Reizbildung und/oder der Reizleitung. Sie äußern sich in der Regel durch Störungen im Sinusknoten, AV-Knoten oder Schenkelblockbilder. Die Therapie richtet sich nach der Symptomatik und den erhobenen klinischen und elektrokardiografischen Befunden und kann medikamentös oder mittels elektrotherapeutischer Strategien wie transkutaner, transösophagealer oder transvenöser Schrittmacherstimulation erfolgen. Die Extremformen Asystolie, Kammerflattern und Kammerflimmern sind akut lebensbedrohlich und erfordern umgehende therapeutische Maßnahmen.
Cytotoxic Alkaloids from Leaves of Pilea aff. martinii
Authors: Doan Thi Thuy Ai , Trinh Thi Thanh Van , Doan Thi Mai Huong , Le Huyen Tram , Litaudon Marc , Nguyen Van Hung , Chau Van Minh , Pham Van Cuong
Published: February 2019

Two new phenanthroquinolizidine alkaloids (1 and 2) and a new piperidine derivative (3) were isolated from the leaves of Pilea aff. martinii together with 3 known alkaloids: julandine (4), cryptopleurine (5), and 1,3,6,6-tetramethyl-5,6,7,8-tetrahydro-isoquinolin-8-one (6). Their structures were determined by spectral data analyses including mass spectrometry and 2-dimensional nuclear magnetic resonance data. The absolute configurations of 1–3 were established by comparison of their experimental circular dichroism data with the calculated electronic circular dichroism spectra. The isolated compounds were evaluated for their cytotoxicity against 4 cancer cell lines: KB (mouth epidermal carcinoma cells), HepG-2 (human liver hepatocellular carcinoma cells), LU-1 (human lung adenocarcinoma cells), and MCF-7 (human breast cancer cells). The new phenanthroquinolizidine pileamartine D (2) showed strong and selective proliferation inhibition toward KB and HepG-2 cells with IC50 values of 25 and 27 nM, respectively. Pileamartine C (1), julandine (4), and cryptopleurine (5) exhibited cytotoxicity against 4 tested cancer cell lines with IC50 values less than 1 µM.
Acute and Subacute Toxicological Studies of Annona Vepretorum in Experimental Animals
Authors: Silva Juliane , Diniz Tâmara , Lavor Érica , Silva Mariana , Lima-Saraiva Sarah , Oliveira-Junior Raimundo , Souza Viviane , Sousa Lívia , Mendes Rosemairy , Quintans-Júnior Lucindo , Nascimento Marismar , Pereira-Filho Rose , Albuquerque-Junior Ricardo , Almeida Jackson
Published: February 2019

Annona vepretorum is endemic from the Brazilian Caatinga biome and is used in human nutrition. The present study aimed to investigate the toxic effects of the ethanolic extract from the leaves of this species. The leaves of A. vepretorum were collected, dried, pulverized, and macerated with ethanol to yield the crude ethanol extract of A. vepretorum. HPLC-diode array detection was used to determine the fingerprint chromatogram of the extract. In toxicity studies, the acute toxicity experimental group was administered a single dose of the ethanol extract of A. vepretorum (1 g/kg), while in the subacute toxicity experimental group, the ethanol extract of A. vepretorum was administered orally, daily for 30 days, at doses of 100 and 400 mg/kg. Death and signs of toxicity were observed and at the end, the animals were anesthetized, and blood and organs were then collected. The presence of the flavonoid rutin in the extract was confirmed using HPLC-diode array detection. In the evaluation of acute and subacute toxicity, there were no behavioral and physiological changes or signs of toxicity, and no occurrences of mice deaths were registered. The organs had normal color and preserved architecture, and no statistical variations in weight were observed. The results of the hematological and biochemical parameters after the administration of the ethanol extract of A. vepretorum showed no significant change, except in the count of the number of leukocytes and triglycerides. The histopathologic analysis of the liver, kidneys, and stomach indicated architecture with normal aspects. Thus, the toxicity study indicates low toxicity of the ethanol extract of A. vepretorum. Such information will be helpful in future clinical studies.
Pituitary Dysfunction after Radiation for Anterior Skull Base Malignancies: Incidence and Screening
Authors: VanKoevering Kyle K. , Sabetsarvestani Katayoon , Sullivan Stephen E. , Barkan Ariel , Mierzwa Michelle , McKean Erin L.
Published: February 2019

Background Management of anterior cranial base malignancies requires multidisciplinary care. Radiation therapy remains a mainstay of definitive or adjuvant treatment. Apart from primary hypothyroidism, the effects of radiation on the hypothalamic–pituitary axis after high-dose treatment of head and neck malignancies remain poorly described. We describe a comprehensive screening protocol for surveillance and characterize the incidence of pituitary dysfunction after radiation for anterior cranial base malignancies.

Methods A review of patients prospectively enrolled in a skull base registry at an academic center was performed. Included patients had a history of anterior skull base malignancy and external beam radiation to the primary site, with comprehensive post-treatment pituitary serologies and at least 1 year of post-radiation follow-up. Routine hormonal screening was initiated during the study period for all patients with anterior skull base irradiation.

Results Eighty-one patients met inclusion. Fifty-eight patients (71%) demonstrated some laboratory abnormality. Thirty patients (37%) demonstrated evidence of hypopituitarism. Twenty-four (29%) demonstrated central hypogonadism, and 16% of patients showed central hypothyroidism. Ten patients (12%) displayed central adrenal insufficiency with six patients demonstrating panhypopituitarism. Primary tumor location and maximum dose of radiation to the gland appeared to correlate with incidence of hypopituitarism.

Conclusion Radiation for malignancies of the anterior skull base resulted in a 37% incidence of hypopituitarism in our study. Given the potential morbidity of hypopituitarism, we recommend annual post-treatment screening in these patients. We describe a comprehensive set of serologies that can be utilized, and recommend updating clinical guidelines to reflect the necessity of this screening.
A variational interpretation of the Biot–Savart operator and the helicity of a bounded domain
Authors: Valli Alberto
Published: February 2019

In this note, we show that the projection of the Biot–Savart operator over the space of divergence-free vector fields that are tangential to the boundary is the solution of a suitable saddle-point variational problem. Since this projected Biot–Savart operator is shown to be compact, its spectrum can be completely characterized. In particular, through a suitable finite element discretization, it becomes possible to compute the helicity of a bounded domain of a general topological shape, via the determination of the eigenvalue of the projected Biot–Savart operator that has a maximum absolute value.