bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Linguistic and Cognitive Analysis of Inter-Cultural Business Discourse from the Perspective of “Dialogue of Cultures” in the Formation of Inter-Cultural Communicative Competence
Authors: Belousova Irina , Bairamova Svetlana
Published: May 2020

The article discusses the creation of a qualitatively new educational system in intercultural business communication, capable of providing real interaction between specialists in the global cultural space. Under the current conditions of expanding international cooperation, the humanities specialist must speak a foreign language at a fundamentally new level as an instrument of professional intercultural communicative competence. The aforesaid determines the existence of contradictions between the provisions developed in linguistics and linguistic didactics concerning the theory of intercultural communication and methods of teaching foreign students the Business Russian Language and the lack of their integration and extrapolation in the training of foreign students for interaction in the business sphere of communication. The question of interest is what happens to a linguistic personality when it enters a "foreign" environment undergoing the processes of cognitive consciousness transformation. Based on the studies of the cultural synergy model in the formation of intercultural communicative competence of foreign citizens in business communication, it is concluded that the possession of a foreign-language code that allows a successful intercultural professional interaction requires knowledge of a “foreign” culture and determines the specifics of the social and business behavior of the speakers of this culture. In the “native" culture, a linguistic personality assimilates language through reality, and in a "foreign” culture, the reality is assimilated through language. In this case, the interaction process of communication participants is considered as a complex synergetic system, in which the traditions accepted in the native culture are neutralized and the traditions accepted in the culture of business partners are updated.
La Révolution algérienne dans Paris Match : construction d’une mémoire photographique (1954-1962)
Authors: Yahou Fadila
Published: May 2020

À partir de 1954, alors que la propagande gouvernementale nie la guerre d’indépendance algérienne et la qualifie de « pacification », Paris Match, adoptant la position du pouvoir officiel et disposant d’une équipe de 21 photos-reporters, traite de façon régulière de l’actualité algérienne. Quelle vision de la guerre véhicule la revue ? Dans quelle mesure les images diffusées ont-elles contribué à façonner la mémoire – visuelle – que nous avons encore aujourd’hui du conflit ? Cet article se fonde sur les archives de Paris Match de novembre 1954 à septembre 1962. Il examine les évènements clés de la Révolution algérienne à travers l’analyse des photographies publiées par le magazine.
Les archives photographiques de la guerre des années 1990. Une approche par l’ethnographie
Authors: Haouati Awel
Published: May 2020

L’article propose une réflexion autour des archives photographiques du conflit des années 1990 en Algérie. En s’appuyant sur une ethnographie réalisée dans le présent, il retrace la trajectoire de photographies produites par des photographes de presse dans les années 1990, et questionne la place qu’elles occupent aujourd’hui, à la fois en tant qu’objets matériels et images. Interrogeant la notion d’archive(s) dans le contexte algérien, l’article propose une description des contextes et des pratiques qui ont participé à façonner ces photographies à travers le temps, en s’intéressant aux images dans les rapports que les acteurs entretiennent avec elles.
Développer un questionnaire pour étudier les conceptions de l’évolution du vivant d’élèves de collège : entre cadres didactique et psychométrique
Authors: Coupaud Magali , Castéra Jérémy , Cheneval-Armand Hélène , Brandt-Pomares Pascale , Delserieys Alice
Published: May 2020

Nous proposons, dans cet article, une réflexion méthodologique autour du développement d’un questionnaire fermé, nommé UnRESt (Understanding, Randomness and Evolution for Students), visant à explorer les conceptions d’élèves de collège sur l'évolution du vivant. Ce questionnaire, constitué d’assertions et réponses sur une échelle de Likert, s’inscrit dans une étude plus large dont l’objectif est de repérer des relations éventuelles entre le positionnement d’élèves de collège vis à vis du hasard, de l’évolution du vivant et des croyances personnelles. Dans cet article, nous décrivons trois phases de développement du questionnaire en mettant en évidence les ancrages didactiques et psychométriques que nous avons croisés pour estimer la validité et la fiabilité du questionnaire UnRESt. En nous appuyant sur les résultats successifs de mise à l’épreuve du questionnaire auprès de différents groupes d’élèves, nous mettons en évidence la diversité des références retenues pour guider les choix de modification du questionnaire, et en particulier, l’intérêt du recours à des outils statistiques pour repérer des assertions à retravailler.
Approcher les représentations socio-professionnelles des enseignants sur la notion de conception à partir de questions ouvertes : apport de la linguistique et implications méthodologiques
Authors: Cross David , Farge Sylvain , Lepareur Céline , Munier Valérie
Published: May 2020

L’article propose de discuter la validité des résultats produits par une étude de réponses d’enseignants à un questionnaire. Celui-ci interroge notamment leurs connaissances et leurs pratiques au sujet des conceptions des élèves. Après avoir discuté de la nécessité de dépasser l’opposition pratique déclarée/pratique effective, nous présentons l’intérêt d’une approche linguistique pour étudier la production de discours comme élément d’une activité d’enseignant mobilisant des représentations socio-professionnelles. Notre méthode repose sur un codage des énoncés produits par les enseignants et une analyse statistique descriptive de ces codages. Les résultats montrent l’existence d’un pattern de réponses stable pour une partie des répondants, renvoyant potentiellement à un éventail large de pratiques, ainsi qu’une possible réification de la notion de conception, qui hérite à la fois de traits définitoires issus du champ de la didactique et de la pratique enseignante.
Usages et fonctions des études de cas dans les articles de recherche en didactique des SVT
Authors: Schneeberger Patricia , Lhoste Yann
Published: May 2020

Dans le contexte actuel où les recherches en didactique et leurs méthodologies sont la cible de nombreux détracteurs, nous mettons à l’étude une méthode de recherche fréquemment utilisée en didactique des Sciences de la vie et de la Terre (SVT) : l’étude de cas. Cette approche paraît presque incontournable dans les recherches en didactique des sciences si bien que les chercheurs oublient parfois de justifier son emploi. Nous proposons de clarifier les questions que pose l’utilisation des études de cas dans les recherches en didactique des SVT. Il s’agit pour nous de mieux comprendre la fonction qui leur est attribuée dans ce type de recherche et d’indiquer en quoi elles peuvent contribuer à l’amélioration des apprentissages des élèves. Dans cette contribution, nous analysons dix articles publiés dans trois revues différentes afin d’examiner le statut que les auteurs accordent aux études de cas dans la construction de connaissances ainsi que dans les argumentations développées. Nous présentons les principaux résultats issus de nos analyses et nous dégageons des éléments de réflexion au regard de notre problématique.
The new Italian law 219/2017: an extraordinary clinical tool in internal medicine
Authors: Bolcato Matteo , Fassina Giacomo , Sanavio Matteo , Aprile Anna
Published: May 2020

On December 2017, Law 219 named Provisions for informed consent and advance treatment directives was approved in Italy, and on one side this law helped the daily medical activity on the other side it enhanced the patient's self-determination. This contribution analyzes the new legislative disposition and the possible medical-legal and practical implications for patients entrusted in hospitals. In particular, it focuses on the usefulness of an early planning of medical care decision in complex pathological situations in order to enhance the patient's self-determination and his eventual impassable refusal. It also safeguards the medical work from disputes and claims, preserving medical autonomy and competence.
Hypothetic immunopathological impacts of SARS-CoV-2 and HIV co-infection on COVID-19 severity
Authors: Abdullahi Idris Nasir , Ahmad Abdurrahman Elfulaty , Emeribe Anthony Uchenna
Published: May 2020

To the Editor, The world is currently battling with and trying to survive yet another pandemic that threatens human health security. Severe acute respiratory syndrome-coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2), the etiological agent of coronavirus disease 19 (COVID-19) is one of the three most virulent coronaviruses (CoVs). Based on available clinical details, geriatric group of over 65 years of age and persons with chronic comorbidities such as type-2 diabetes mellitus, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, cardiovascular diseases and immunodeficiencies tend to rapidly develop multi-organ failure, severe COVID-19 and ultimately, death...
Lactase production by Saccharomyces fragilis IZ 275 using different carbon sources
Authors: Bosso Alessandra , Tomal Adriana Aparecida Bosso , Miranda Lucas Caldeirão , Silva Josemeyre Bonifácio da , Suguimoto Hélio Hiroshi , Castro-Gomez Raul Jorge Hérmaz
Published: May 2020

This study sought to create a better fermentation medium to maximize lactase production by Saccharomyces fragilis IZ 275 using different carbon sources, including reconstituted powdered cheese whey. A factorial design 24 was applied to evaluate the significant effects of variables which compose the fermentation medium. Then, a steepest descent-ascent design was applied to obtain the maximum activity. A Rotational Central Composite Design (RCCD) 24 was made to optimize the fermentation medium. We verified that the cheese whey, a by-product of the dairy industry, can be employed as an excellent fermentation medium by yeast, within the bioeconomy concept and used by the dairy industry as product with additional value. The employed methodology is an efficient tool in the optimization process for β-galactosidase production. In the optimized fermentation medium, the maximum production of β-galactosidase (54.68 U/mL) by S. fragilis IZ 275 is obtained with 14 g/L sucrose, 17.7 g/L reconstituted powdered cheese whey, 5.14 g/L yeast extract and 8.85 g/L peptone.
Effects of rainwater intrusion on an activated sludge sewer treatment system
Authors: Oliveira Diogo Botelho Correa de , Soares Willames De Albuquerque , Holanda Marco Aurélio Calixto Ribeiro de
Published: May 2020

Effluent collection and stormwater management make use of different drainage systems, which should remain unconnected with one another. If stormwater drains into sewage collection systems, it often causes changes in effluent quality indicators at sewage treatment plants. This study sought to quantify the changes caused by rain in a Wastewater Treatment Plant (WWTP) located in Paulista, PE, which uses the activated sludge system. Accordingly, changes in pH, temperature, BOD, and treatment efficiency at the inlet and outlet, as well as inlet flow were analyzed on dry and rainy days at the plant, which has a sewage capacity of 400 L s-1. The input volume was found to be greater than the design flow of the station, about 25%. With this, some relevant operational controls were identified, such as temporarily shutting down sewage pumping stations in order to maintain full operation of the system and avoid overload. The pH increases slightly in alkalinity, about 0.3, but this does not interfere with the treatment process. The temperature of the influent on rainy days is about 3 to 5 degrees cooler, depending on the intensity of the event. Using the T and Z tests, it was possible to identify that BOD concentrations in the influent and the effluent were not significantly different (uneq. var. t: 1.18 > 0.26 and uneq var. z: 0.71 > 0.48, respectively), and the organic load removal efficiency was maintained, contrary to what is expected with other, more simple types of treatment.
Effect of hydraulic retention time on chemical oxygen demand and total nitrogen removal in intermittently aerated constructed wetlands
Authors: Silva Isabela Pires da , Costa Gabriela Barbosa da , Queluz João Gabriel Thomaz , Garcia Marcelo Loureiro
Published: May 2020

This study evaluated the effect of hydraulic retention time on chemical oxygen demand (COD) and total nitrogen (TN) removal in an intermittently aerated constructed wetlands. Two horizontal subsurface-flow constructed wetlands were used: one without aeration and the other aerated intermittently (1 hour with aeration/7 hours without aeration). Both systems were evaluated treating domestic wastewater produced synthetically. The flow rate into the two CWs was 8.6 L day-1 having a hydraulic retention time of 3 days. The results show that the intermittently aerated constructed wetland were highly efficient in removing COD (98.25%), TN (83.60%) and total phosphorus (78.10%), while the non-aerated constructed wetland showed lower efficiencies in the removal of COD (93.89%), TN (48.60%) and total phosphorus (58.66). These results indicate, therefore, that intermittent aeration allows the simultaneous occurrence of nitrification and denitrification processes, improving the removal of TN in horizontal subsurface-flow constructed wetlands. In addition, the use of intermittent aeration also improves the performance of constructed wetlands in removing COD and total phosphorus.
Investigation of Emotional Expression Processing Following Cognitive Behavioural Therapy for Patients with Schizophrenia: An Event-Related Potentials Study
Authors: Shah Dhrasti , Knott Verner , Baddeley Ashley , Bowers Hayley , Wright Nicola , Labelle Allen , Smith Dylan , Collin Charles
Published: May 2020

Growing evidence supports the use of cognitive behavioural therapy (CBT) for psychosis, including CBT for voices (CBTv), which targets auditory verbal hallucinations (AVH). The present study observed the effects of CBTv on electrophysiological measures of facial expression processing in patients with schizophrenia with AVH. Twenty-five patients with schizophrenia were randomly assigned to a treatment group (TG; n = 14) or a treatment as usual (TAU) group (n = 11). The TG received group CBTv for five-six months in addition to their TAU. The matched waitlist group received TAU for the five-six months. The CBTv treatment showed shorter P100 latency in response to facial expressions following treatment compared with baseline, but not the TAU group. Amount of negative content of voices and “omnipotence” of voices were modified following CBTv treatment, but not following TAU. This study provides evidence that CBTv decreases early visual information processing time as indexed by the P100 latency.
Revue narrative de l’effet des traumatismes crâniens sur la fatigue
Authors: Fortier-Lebel Olivier , Dupont Charlotte
Published: May 2020

Moins de 40 % des victimes de traumatisme craniocérébral (TCC) ont la capacité de reprendre une activité professionnelle partiellement en raison de la fatigue que ceux-ci vivent. En effet, la fatigue touche plus de 60 % des victimes de TCC, ce qui interfère avec leur réadaptation et leurs activités de la vie quotidienne (Ponsford et al., 2012). Les objectifs de cette revue de la littérature sont : 1) de recenser les connaissances actuelles des impacts des traumatismes crâniens sur la fatigue (objective ou autorapportée) et sur la réintégration socioéconomique de cette population; 2) d’explorer les méthodes d’évaluation de la fatigue et les causes probables de ce phénomène; et 3) de proposer des recommandations pour diminuer la fatigue.
Determination of Conceptual Understanding Levels Related to Optics Concepts: The Case of Opticianry
Authors: Ozdemir Erdogan , Coramik Mustafa , Urek Handan
Published: May 2020

Physics is directly related to various professions since it is a fundamental science. Opticianry is one of such physics related professions. In this study, it was aimed to determine the conceptual understanding levels of opticians related to the concepts of light and optics which are directly related to their professions. In the study, which was conducted via mixed method, the participants were determined with the convenient sampling method. A total of 203 opticians attended the study. Data were collected with the help of Light and Optics Conceptual Evaluation Test in addition to the Open-Ended Questions and Concept Cartoons selected from the literature. As a result of the study, it was reached that the conceptual understanding levels of opticians were low with several misconceptions and insufficiencies related to the light and optics concepts. In the light of the findings, the importance of physics education for opticianry was implied.
Comparison the Fee of Cell Phone Companies: Collaborative Study between a Mathematics Teacher-Trainee and High School Students
Authors: Corica Ana Rosa
Published: May 2020

This paper reports on the results of the design and implementation of a didactic device proposed by a mathematics teacher-trainee. This student did a course designed for didactic - mathematical training with the aim of adopting a non-traditional didactic model based on research, while linking mathematics with other disciplines. The teacher-trainee developed its implementation in a senior- course of an Argentine high school. This didactic device is based on the analysis of a real and present situation whose study allows to make some gestures of the questioning world paradigm, in the current conditions of an Argentine high school.
Examination of the Conversations in a WhatsApp Group Created for Communication in a Bachelor’s Level Astronomy Course
Authors: Bozdemir Yuzbasioglu Hafife , Candan Helvaci Sevcan , Ezberci Cevik Ebru , Kurnaz Mehmet Altan
Published: May 2020

The aim of this research on an astronomy course is to examine the situations that arose when WhatsApp, a social media application, was used as a tool for cooperation and interaction. In this work, a case study design was adopted. The WhatsApp group created for the research was composed of 87 participants and the messages exchanged in the WhatsApp group were used as research documents. Data were analyzed through descriptive and content analysis methods. The sharing in the WhatsApp group and the topics of the messages were revealed in the content analysis. The research results showed that the students used the WhatsApp group as an interaction tool in an extracurricular environment. It was also determined that they used this platform in order to inform each other about daily events and share and discuss information.
Structuring a New Socioscientific Issues (SSI) Based Instruction Model: Impacts on Pre-service Science Teachers’ (PSTs) Critical Thinking Skills and Dispositions
Authors: Gul M. Davut , Akcay Hakan
Published: May 2020

The purpose of the study was to propose a new socioscientific issues based instruction model and to investigate the impacts of new model on PSTs’ critical thinking skills and dispositions in climate change unit. Quasi-experimental method was applied. The sample of the study was determined by convenient sampling and it was comprised of 90 junior PSTs. The experimental group in which SSI based instruction was implemented, consists of 45 pre-service teachers, and there were 45 pre-service teachers in the control group. Data was gathered quantitatively with the help of Turkish version of the Ennis-Weir Critical Thinking Essay Test (E-WCTET) and the California Critical Thinking Disposition Inventory (CCTDI).  Analysis of covariance (ANCOVA) was used to determine the impacts of new model on the critical thinking skills and dispositions of PSTs in experiment and control groups. Findings of the study revealed that there is no statistically significant difference between the treatment and the control group's critical thinking skills scores. However, the posttest scores of the treatment group were increased. Also, results indicated that there is a statistically significant difference between the treatment and the control group's critical thinking dispositions scores. Implications for teaching practice are discussed.
Exploring Prospective Teachers’ Ability to Generate and Analyze Evidence-based Explanatory Arguments
Authors: Magiera Marta T. , Zambak Vecihi S.
Published: May 2020

In this paper, using written responses of 37 PSTs preparing to teach grades 1-8 mathematics, we examined explanations they constructed to support their problem solutions and explanations they provided in support of their critiques of student-generated explanations. We also examined features of explanations on which PSTs drew in their critiques of mathematical explanations of students. Our results draw attention to the importance of helping PSTs develop competencies in constructing and critiquing mathematical explanations concurrently. Although explanations PSTs generated for their critiques of student explanations were weaker compared to the explanations PSTs formulated for their own problem solutions, PSTs proficient in generating mathematical explanations were also more proficient in analyzing and critiquing mathematical explanations. We identified seven criteria PSTs used while analyzing and critiquing student-explanations. These criteria reveal what PSTs might value, or pay attention to, as they critique student-explanations. We share implications for mathematics teacher educators to consider and suggest directions for further research.
Apresentação do dossiê
Authors: Martins Gilson Rodolfo
Published: May 2020

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Os árabes em Corumbá: uma rede de cooperação
Authors: Rosa Michelle , Asseff Castelão Raul
Published: May 2020

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Os pesquisadores de índios e os índios pesquisadores: a produção acadêmica sobre os Terena
Authors: Ferreira Vargas Vera Lúcia
Published: May 2020

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A serviço da Coroa: Política e administração do vice-rei D. Vasco Mascarenhas na América Portuguesa (1663-1667).
Authors: Silva Michelle Samuel
Published: May 2020

O presente artigo visa analisar a administração do vice-rei D. Vasco Mascarenhas, 1º conde de Óbidos, que governou o Estado do Brasil entre 1663 a 1667. A análise pautará especificamente nas capitanias do Rio de Janeiro e de Pernambuco no período posterior à Restauração Bragantina. Pretende-se compreender suas práticas governativas e sua relação política com os governadores dessas capitanias em um momento de ascensão e consolidação da dinastia Bragantina. A atuação do vice-rei D. Vasco Mascarenhas foi fundamental no sentido de aprofundar o controle do governo-geral, que se afrouxara no decurso da guerra holandesa. Os capitães-mores que administravam as capitanias menores passaram a ser diretamente sujeitos ao governo-geral na Bahia.
ROMPATTO, Maurilio. Piquiri o vale esquecido: História e memória da luta pelas terras do “grilo Santa Cruz” na colonização de Nova Aurora, oeste do Paraná. Curitiba: CRV, 2016.
Authors: Martins Eduardo
Published: May 2020

Resenha do livro: ROMPATTO, Maurilio. Piquiri o vale esquecido: História e memória da luta pelas terras do “grilo Santa Cruz” na colonização de Nova Aurora, oeste do Paraná. Curitiba: CRV, 2016
Corpos que “não cabem”: memórias de escola nas narrativas de travestis
Authors: Prado Alexandre Bruno do , Gonçalves Salgado Raquel
Published: May 2020

O objetivo deste artigo é compreender, a partir das narrativas de travestis, como elas significam e ressignificam o próprio corpo, as relações de gênero e as experiências que remetem à sexualidade no tempo e espaço da escola. Desse modo, gênero, sexualidade e corpo são categorias problematizadas sob perspectivas teóricas dos estudos de gênero e pós-feministas. São analisadas as narrativas que trazem as experiências vividas pelas travestis na escola e dialogam com discursos institucionais sobre os seus corpos infantis e com os distintos mecanismos de segregação e normatização aos quais estes foram submetidos. A escola apresenta-se como um espaço social de tensões e, portanto, atravessado por discursos que, por um lado, trazem uma moralidade aprisionadora e, por outro, abrem brechas para o grito contra essa mordaça.
MST, altermundialismo, democracia e direitos humanos
Authors: Rodrigues da Silveira Cássio
Published: May 2020

O presente artigo visa analisar a tendência, na história do MST (Movimento dos Trabalhadores Rurais Sem Terra), de mundializar as suas demandas e lutas para além da reforma agrária, sem perdê-la de vista, em busca da consolidação de direitos humanos fundamentais por meio do embate com a tendência globalizante do capitalismo neoliberal.
Direitos Humanos, Islam e Xiismo: a universalidade do caso brasileiro
Authors: Arroyo Karina , Sebe Bon Meihy Murilo
Published: May 2020

Com a discussão contemporânea sobre a relatividade do que seriam os Direitos Humanos, em que pese a cultura a partir da qual se fala como ponto de partida, perde força a indagação acerca da legitimidade de um paradigma universal acerca desses Direitos, visto que a cultura, qualidade e atributo essencialmente humano é distinta conforme forem os grupos e suas diferentes temporalidades e espacialidades analisadas. Conceitos e juízos de valor delimitados sob uma ótica eurocentrada passam a ser deslegitimados, quando se entende tal problemática. Mesmo a ideia preliminar do binômio direitos/deveres admite uma construção categórica histórica e cultural de caráter fluídico e particular. Assim tomando o viés paradoxal dos Direitos Humanos que, embora humanos e universais não advogam em prol das minorias e segmentos inseridos em categorias mais amplas e generalizadas, podemos tratar da comunidade islâmica shi'a*ou duodecimana (ithna ashariyah) presente ao redor do globo. E nos limites deste artigo eleger como recorte a comunidade shi'a brasileira como foco de nossa reflexão através de um método crítico- analítico.* Abreviação de shiaat Ali ou partidários de Ali, genro e primo de Muhammad, 4º califa a governar após a morte do profeta do Islam. Seus seguidores acreditam na sucessão profética por linhagem, restringindo o poder islâmico ao núcleo familiar do Profeta a seus descendentes, enquanto a outra grande vertente do Islam, os sunitas, acreditam na sucessão por indicação a partir de certos critérios.
Apresentação – a alteridade como patologia
Authors: Porto Carla Lisboa , Paula Éder Mendes de
Published: May 2020

O campo da História da Saúde e das Doenças investiga, entre outros temas, as relações de poder estabelecidas entre o sistema político e as instituições de saúde em diversos âmbitos, tem chamado a atenção dos historiadores nos últimos anos. Situam-se neste debate, o estudo das relações políticas e sociais que forjaram padrões de comportamentos, como aqueles ocorridos nas primeiras décadas do século XX. Inspirados na eugenia europeia, a comunidade médica desenvolveu, no Brasil, um projeto de saúde pública para justificar e legitimar a disciplinarização dos indivíduos, culminando em diferentes processos de exclusão social. Para isso, diversos mecanismos foram adotados para que comportamentos socialmente “indesejáveis” fossem representados por meio de um discurso de patologia social. No início do século XXI, indícios dessa mentalidade permanecem e podem ser notados por meio das recentes discussões aera da internação compulsória de usuários de drogas ilícitas, a negligência com relação à saúde das mulheres ou, ainda, sobre a real eficácia das vacinas. Num momento grave, em que as instituições, a produção de conhecimento científico (inclusive o saber médico) e a democracia têm sido duramente postas à prova, convidamos os colegas pesquisadores para discutir sobre temas e abordagens ligados à saúde pública, seus agentes históricos e possíveis desdobramentos.
O discurso eugenista como instrumento político na transição das Repúblicas
Authors: Moraes Diego
Published: May 2020

A constituinte de 1934 apresentou uma série de restrições à entrada de imigrantes no Brasil, ganhando contornos maiores nos anos que seguiram ao "Estado Novo" getulista. Entremeado por discursos que perpassaram dimensões eugênicas, sanitaristas e até morais, a entrada de estrangeiros em solo nacional foi pauta dos debates da constituínte. Estava implicada a ideia de um “imigrante ideal” assim como o propósito de afastar aquele outro que se mostrava indigesto a um modelo de cidadão e sociedade que naquele contexto se empreendia constituir. A proposta desse artigo é apresentar a gênese desses discursos no contexto da transição da República Velha no âmbito da Constituinte de 1934, sobretudo quanto à questão do “Perigo Amarelo” em sua interface com panorama da política nacional e internacional que o Brasil se via emaranhado.
A celebração da diferença
Authors: Castro Iara Quelho
Published: May 2020

Este artigo foi desenvolvido a partir do relatório apresentado ao Programa de Iniciação Científica  2016/2017, apresentando como objeto os rituais e festividades tidos como tradicionais entre os Terena de Mato Grosso do Sul, considerando-se que constituem um campo fértil para a problematização das noções de tradição e cultura, largamente utilizadas nos discursos de defesa dos direitos indígenas.Trabalha-se a hipótese de que é por meio do processo de ressignificação cultural que os contemporâneos povos indígenas atualizam e buscam legitimar sua forma de atuação no interior da sociedade nacional. Em um conturbado cenário de relações interétnicas e de lutas pela terra, os Terena exibem performances ritualísticas e festivas evocadas como tradição e sinal de sua indianidade. Apartir desses pressupostos buscou-se discutir essa dimensão da história do grupo, dialogando-se com os novos sentidos atribuídos às atividades culturais consideradas tradicionais, por meio do estudo da literatura etnográfica. Apresenta como orientação teórica e metodológica a abordagem da nova História Indígena, situando-se os indígenas como protagonistas de sua própria história. Conclui-se que os Terena ressignificam sua dança e performances  xamanísticas em suas lutas de defesa dos seus direitos, sobretudo daqueles que se referem aos seus territórios, ainda em disputa. Nas manifestações públicas exibem seus ornamentos de guerra e as rezas de seus xamãs, em um movimento de atualização de suas pautas culturais.
Attending 5th Varian Oncology Summit 2019: Learning Experiences as a Medical Physicist
Authors: Sudaram Venugopal
Published: May 2020

The main objective of the conference was to provide insights into new innovation and technology-related products by Varian to its global users, thus aiming to facilitate better and advance treatment to every cancer patients. Varian organized this summit to create a platform for its users to share their experience and knowledge not only in India but also the neighbouring country such as Nepal, Bangladesh, etc. The need for radiotherapy center in our country Nepal has been growing rapidly yet there are only a few radiotherapy centers with less or not enough needed technical resources and manpower (Radiation oncologists (ROs), Medical physicists (MPs), Radiotherapy Technologists (RTT’s)). Many radiotherapy centers still followed basic treatment modality only. However, due to the lack of high-end treatment techniques such as Intensity Modulated Radiation Therapy (IMRT), Volumetric Modulated Arc Therapy (VMAT), Stereotactic Radio Surgery (SRS) and Stereotactic Radio Therapy (SRT) in Nepal, it poses a great burden to patients as they have to travel outside the country to get better quality treatment.
Impact of Pharmacist Counselling on Medication Adherence among Elderly Patients on Antihypertensive Therapy in a Tertiary Care Hospital of Nepal
Authors: Shrestha Sumitra , Karki Renu , Ghimire Mamita
Published: May 2020

Background: Poor adherence (compliance) is common with antihypertensive medications among elderly patients. As the elderly people are prone to multiple comorbidities, they are at higher risk of polypharmacy and therefore may present with a higher risk of non-adherence to medications compared to the younger population. The study was conducted to investigate the impact of pharmacist counseling on medication adherence among elderly hypertensive patients.

Methods: The elderly hypertensive patients who visited the out-patient department at Chitwan Medical College (CMC) between August to November 2018. The face-to-face interview was conducted among 332 elderly hypertensive patients, selected with the purposive sampling technique. A paired t-test was used to show the difference between pre-test and post-test medication adherence.

Results: It was found that 13.85% of patients were poor adherent and 86.14% low adherent in the intervention and the control group. The major reason for non-adherence was found to be carelessness about taking medicine (97%). The adherence score for intervention group changed from 1.60±0.83 to 3.95±0.56 (p-value < 0.001) while in the control group the average score before and after follow up was 1.48±0.77 and 1.51±0.80 (p=0.373) respectively. Blood pressure status improved in the intervention group than the control group (p<0.001). Polypharmacy was 27.71%, 15.66% of whom experienced adverse drug reactions.

Conclusion: The patient medication counseling had a good impact on hypertensive patients. All factors of the Morisky Green Levine adherence scale improved after counseling and motivation. Pharmacist-led counseling improved medication adherence among elderly hypertensive patients.
Association between Sella Turcica Bridging and Hypodontia - A Radiographic Study
Authors: Gupta Sanjay Prasad , Rauniyar Shristi
Published: May 2020

Background: The bridging of sella turcica and dental anomalies have common embryonic origins and underlying genetic basis. Many studies have linked sella turcica bridging to developmental syndromes affecting the craniofacial region, and local dental anomalies. The purpose of this study was to determine the association between the bridging of the sella turcica and hypodontia.

Methods: The clinical records along with lateral cephalograms and orthopantamograms of 40 hypodontic patients as study sample (12 males and 28 females; mean age 13.9±2.5 years) and of 120 non-hypodontic patients as control groups (58 males and 62 females; mean age 14.1±1.8 years) matched for age and gender to the study sample who came for orthodontic treatment, were collected from orthodontic clinics. Panoramic radiographs were evaluated for hypodontia. In order to quantify the extent of a sella turcica bridge on lateral cephalogram, the contour of the pituitary fossa from the tip of the dorsum sellae to the tuberculum sella was traced and extent of bridging was categorized by standardize scoring scale using the comparative measurement of sella length and diameter.

Results: The presence of complete bridging (17.5%) and partial bridging (55%) in patients with hypodontia were more than complete bridging (5%) and partial bridging (37.5%) in patients without hypodontia (controls). The association between the degree of bridging and hypodontia was statistically significant according to chi-square statistics (p=0.001). There were no statistical differences between the degree of calcification and gender (p=0.616).

Conclusions: The prevalence of sella turcica bridging inpatient with hypodontia was more and showed a significant association between sella turcica bridging and hypodontia. There is no dependence between the degree of calcification and gender. As the sella turcica bridge appears early in life, it should alert clinicians as a useful diagnostic predictor to the possible development of tooth anomalies later in life.
Efficacy of Mefenamic acid and Ginger on Pain Relief in Primary Dysmenorrhea Among Basic Sciences Students of Nepalgunj Medical College
Authors: Ankita Singh  , Aryal Bijay , Deo Sushma
Published: May 2020

Introduction: Primary dysmenorrhea has been reported as the most common cause of regular absenteeism among young women. Pain affects daily activities and quality of life. The aim of the study was to compare the efficacy between mefenamic acid (Meftal) and ginger capsules (Remezy) among Basic Sciences Students of Nepalgunj Medical College (NGMC), Chisapani. Adverse effects, if any, were also observed in both Meftal and ginger groups.

Methodology: This was a prospective cross-sectional study conducted from July 2018 to February 2019. Out of 104 students, 87 were suffering menstrual pain. These 87 individuals received Mefenamic acid (Meftal) 500mg twice a day for three days and the same 87 individuals, in their next month of period, took ginger capsules (Remezy) 500mg twice daily for three days. Medication was started on the first day of their menstruation. The severity of pain before and after the medication was recorded with the help of a multi-dimensional scoring system (MSS). All the data were directly entered into SPSS 20.0 and compiled, analyzed and expressed in tables and charts.

Results: Out of 104, 87 (83.7%) students had experienced menstrual pain. The mean±S.D age of the students was 19.64±1.02 while the mean±S.D menarche age was 13.21±1.01. The pain severity of dysmenorrhea was significantly reduced (p<0.05) with both meftal and ginger intake in both the first and second months consecutively. However, a comparison of efficacy between the two medications showed no statistically significant difference (p>0.05). Adverse effects were found to be significantly higher in students receiving meftal tablets.    

Conclusion: A high proportion of students had dysmenorrhea. Similar efficacy of ginger and meftal was observed with minimal adverse effects in ginger. Findings suggest the need for educating students on appropriate and effective management of dysmenorrhea.
Prevention of Hypertension at Intubation: A Controlled Study of Sublingual Nifedipine
Authors: Kumar Gyawali Nirmal
Published: May 2020

Background: Hypertension and tachycardia-induced after laryngoscopy and intubation can be prevented by various methods like deep inhalation anesthesia, intravenous opioids, topical intravenous lidocaine, intravenous adrenergic blocking drugs, and pretreatment with antihypertensive.Methods: It is a randomized controlled double-blind prospective study of two groups consisting of 30 patients in each group. Group A was the control group and group B were Nifedipine group who were pretreated with Nifedipine. This study aimed to assess the effectiveness of pretreatment with nifedipine in the prevention of the hypertensive response to laryngoscopy and endotracheal intubation in normotensive patients undergoing elective surgery.Result: Sublingual nifedipine was significantly effective in decreasing systolic and diastolic blood pressure produced by laryngoscopy and tracheal intubation, but its role in decreasing pulse rate was not significant. Conclusion: Nifedipine is useful to prevent laryngoscopy and intubation induced hemodynamic response.
Drug Dosage Adjustment of Chronic Kidney disease Patients at Nephrology Ward in Tertiary Care Hospital of Nepal
Authors: Pakhrin Sonu , Shrestha Sumitra , Karki Renu , Marasine Nirmal Raj , Lama Rajendra , Pokhrel Mandip
Published: May 2020

Background: Drug dosage adjustment is essential for chronic kidney disease patients (CKD) patients. If it is not done properly, this will lead to an increase in toxicity and a decrease in the effectiveness of therapy. The objective of the present study was to assess whether appropriate dosage adjustments were made in hospitalized CKD patients. Methods: A descriptive cross-sectional study was carried out among 80 CKD patients with stage II to V admitted in the nephrology ward of Chitwan Medical College Teaching Hospital, Nepal between 1st August to 30th November 2018. All patients with renal clearance ≤90 ml/min/1.73 m2 were included for the analysis. Data concerning patient’s clinical, medications and dosages, laboratory findings were extracted from the medical record section. Results: Total of 81 numbers of prescribed drugs was found in eighty hospitalized CKD patients. Twenty-seven were found requiring dose adjustment. Dose adjustment according to renal function was judged as necessary in 27 dose adjustment required drugs. Among these, 11 (40.7% of 27) drugs were considered appropriate in dosing, whereas 16 (59.3%) were found to be inappropriate. A total of 13 (81.3%) number of drugs were inappropriately adjusted in stage V patients. Conclusion: Dosing errors were the most frequently observed challenge in the patient hospitalized with CKD. This study also intensified the need for strong monitoring of drug therapy which will bear in achieving the better therapeutic outcomes that improve the quality of life and decrease the various problems associated with dosing error.
Effectiveness of Integrated Approach on Cancer Care
Authors: Bhatta Pramod
Published: May 2020

Recurrence and metastasis is a great problem not only to the patient suffering from cancer but also to the doctors in order to care the patient effectively.  The present case study is a cancer case of a female, initially diagnosed with colon cancer in the year 1995 AD who underwent postsurgical and ayurvedic treatment simultaneously. The patient suffered from cancer in the different sites over the entire span of follow up duration of 24 years. Despite cancer growth since the initial diagnosis the patient suffered from uterine, renal cancers periodically and was successfully managed with the combined modern and ayurvedic approaches. The patient enjoyed the quality and happy life with not much difficulty during the entire study period since the beginning of this case. The tools applied for the case study were observation, clinical examination, face to face interviews, laboratory investigation reports, phone contact, and family feedback.

The outcome of the study was highly remarkable and enthusiastic and revealed the outcome of Ayurvedic and other holistic approaches that helped to promote the quality of life of cancer patients when combined with modern cancer care protocol. The study recommends conducting such research to analyses the effect of integration of the Ayurvedic treatment approach which will eventually help to effective cancer care in low-income countries like Nepal.

Keywords: Case study, effectiveness, Ayurveda, Integrated approach, Cancer care
What can other countries learn from South Korea’s COVID-19 responses?
Authors: Shahi Prakash , Tamang Pasang Devi , Rokaya Yagya Bahadur
Published: May 2020

The COVID-19 pandemic is rapidly growing and has been a major challenge for the health system globally. As of 27 April 2020, 213 country around the world are struggling to combat the spreading the virus with 28,58,635 confirmed cases and 1,96,295 confirmed deaths. The first case in South Korea was identified on 20 Jan 2020 but the number of confirmed cases started to increase rapidly on end of February with total of 7,513 cases reported as of 10 March 2020, second country to have experience outbreak.

South Korea’s effort to control the virus combined many approaches, such as organized and no negligence in response, extensive screening, provision of improved information and the use of technology. This experience could provide some valuable lessons for countries on response to control the spread of pandemic disease like COVID-19 or any other outbreak situation in coming days or for those who are yet to face the COVID-19 outbreak so that they can control the disease spread in early phase.
Council of Europe Convention on counterfeiting of medicinal products and similar crimes involving threats to public health
Authors: Terzić Svjetlana , Andrišić Miroslav , Perak Junaković Eleonora , Fajdić Dominika , Pehnec Mirta , Sinković Sonja , Vretenar Špigelski Katja , Vujnović Anja , Žarković Irena , Šandor Ksenija
Published: May 2020

Dana 1. siječnja 2020. godine u Republici Hrvatskoj na snagu je stupila Konvencija Vijeća Europe o krivotvorenju farmaceutskih proizvoda i sličnim kažnjivim djelima koja uključuju prijetnje javnom zdravlju (engl. Council of Europe Convention on counterfeiting of medicinal products and similar crimes involving threats to public health). Konvencija je potpisana 3. rujna 2015. godine, a Vlada Republike Hrvatske ju je ratificirala 20. rujna 2019. godine. Konvencija se odnosi i na medicinske proizvode koji se koriste u veterinarskoj medicini. Važnost borbe protiv krivotvorenih lijekova prepoznata je u Hrvatskoj godinama, a Hrvatska je i jedna od brojnih sudionica Interpolovih akcija protiv krivotvorenih lijekova. Prihvaćanjem ove Konvencije otvara se mogućnost učinkovitijeg nadzora nad krivotvorenim lijekovima za primjenu u humanoj i veterinarskoj medicini te bolja međunarodna suradnja.
Praćenje farmakološki aktivnih tvari u mlijeku u Europskoj uniji
Authors: Bilandžić Nina , Varga Ines , Božić Luburić Đurđica , Solomun Kolanović Božica , Varenina Ivana
Published: May 2020

Proizvodnja sigurnog i kvalitetnog mlijeka ključni je aspekt pravilnog javnog zdravstva u Europskoj uniji (EU). Česta uporaba farmakološki aktivnih tvari u kliničkoj praksi na govedarskom farmama uzrokuje pojavu njihovih ostataka u različitim prehrambenim proizvodima uključujući mlijeko. Najčešće korišteni lijekovi u mliječnoj industriji su antibiotici tetraciklini i beta-laktami protiv patogenih uzročnika mastitisa. Primjena veterinarskih lijekova mora biti pažljivo optimizirana kako bi se zaštitilo zdravlje potrošača od mogućih štetnih toksičnih učinaka. Također, veliki problem je i razvoj rezistencije u potrošača koji uzrokuje neuspjeh antibiotskih terapija, posebice protiv opasnih patogenih sojeva mikroorganizama. Danas većina članica EU pokazuje tendenciju povećanja proizvodnje mlijeka. Najveći proizvođači mlijeka u EU su Njemačka, Francuska i Ujedinjeno Kraljevstvo. U Hrvatskoj je u zadnje 3 godine vidljiva tendencija pada proizvodnje mlijeka. Članice EU teže kontroli ostataka farmakološki aktivnih tvari u mlijeku primjenom selektivnih, osjetljivih i preciznih analitičkih metoda. Tekućinska kromatografija povezana s tandemskom masenom spektrometrijom (LC-MS/MS) je najčešće korištena instrumentalna analitička tehnika za određivanje ostataka tih tvari u mlijeku. Danas su razvijene multimetode primijenom LC-MS/ MS koje omogućuju identifikaciju 160 i više spojeva. U svrhu zaštite zdravlja potrošača članice EU provode kontrolu farmakološki aktivnih tvari u mlijeku u okviru nacionalnih planova praćenja njihovih ostataka (NPPR). Kontrola farmakološki aktivnih tvari temelji se na definiranim najvećim dopuštenim količinama ostataka tih tvari (NDK). Europska agencija za sigurnost hrane (EFSA) prikuplja podatke kontrole svih članica EU analiziranih u okviru NPPR te svake godine prilaže zajedničko izvješće. U okviru planova NPPR država članica EU tijekom 2015., 2016. i 2017. ustvrđeno je 0,115 %, 0,128 % i 0,304 % nesukladnih rezultata za farmakološki aktivne tvari. Najveći broj nesukladnih rezultata odnosio se na skupinu antibakterijskih tvari (B1) i nesteroidnih protuupalnih lijekova (B2e). U skupini antibakterijskih tvari ustvrđeno je ukupno 48,2 % nesukladnih tvari beta-laktama u sve tri godine ukupno. U 2017. godini najveći broj nesukladnih rezultata se odnosio na nesteroidne protuupalne lijekove (54,5 %), odnosno u toj skupini lijekova 90,5 % nesukladnih je ustvrđeno za salicilnu kiselinu.