bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Investigation of thermal comfort and the nozzle usage behaviour in aircraft cabins
Authors: Fang Zhaosong , Liu Hong , Li Baizhan , Baldwin Andrew
Published: November 2017

In order to understand passengers’ demand for thermal comfort in aircraft cabins, we carried out a measurement of thermal environment parameters and thermal comfort field survey in an aircraft cabin under cruising at altitude in both summer and winter. The results showed that the air temperature studied was always kept within the range of 25℃ to 28℃ and the relative humidity was maintained within the range of 20% to 35%. The Mean Thermal Sensation Vote (MTSV) of passengers’ back and feet was higher than other local body parts, with lower air movement sensation. The MTSV of passengers in winter was higher than that in summer. Due to the muggy thermal environment, more than 60% of passengers advocated that it was necessary to utilize the personal ventilation system. In their usage of the personal ventilation nozzle, more than half of these passengers chose to cool upper body parts, only a minimum number of passengers opened the nozzle to direct airflow to their head. Therefore, we concluded that the position of the personal ventilation nozzle should be as close to the upper body part of a passenger’s body as possible, making it more convenient and effective to regulate passengers’ thermal comfort.
Between autonomy and control: Strategies of arbitrage in the “on-demand” economy
Authors: Shapiro Aaron
Published: November 2017

The “on-demand” economy is built upon company strategies of arbitrage between worker autonomy and worker control. Using ethnographic and interview data, I show how these strategies undermine the economic theory that justifies the on-demand business model. The increased freedom and flexibility on offer to workers is countered by “softer” and less visible forms of workforce surveillance and control. These take hold through information asymmetries, which narrow workers’ decision-making capacities and thus undercut arguments for workers’ designation as independent contractors. However, I also show that these forms of control ultimately hinge on workers’ willingness to conform to the calculative rationalities that companies project onto them, and that workers’ motivations diverge from these company assumptions. I conclude by countering the notion of calculability with that of “qualculation,” an affective style of reasoning that workers employ in response to algorithmic workforce management and which highlights how on-the-job decisions are made within a shifting moral economy of work.
Refiguring transnational intervention: Ethnographic example from the Roll Back Malaria initiative in an African community
Authors: Ugwu Chidi
Published: November 2017

While anthropological studies of intervention typically argue that interveners usually misunderstand local priorities, rarely do accounts illustrate clearly what this looks like on the ground. Based on my ethnographic observation in Nsukka, a locality in southeastern Nigeria, I narrate how local targets engaged malaria intervention with aims different from those of the interveners. I show that malaria is locally viewed as a routine issue unworthy of special intervention, with targets instead constructing the intervention as a chance to cultivate connections with government, NGOs and global actors in order to fulfill aspirations of benefiting from globalization more generally. How kinship relationships mediated this engagement in Nsukka is an interesting perspective the study uncovered. The narrative offers a lens onto the visions local targets hold about how their society is globalizing in the current neoliberal context, and shows how these visions conflate the state, elite NGOs, and relevant transnational actors.
A pilot study of business travelers’ stress-coping strategies
Authors: Chen Hsiangting(Shatina)
Published: November 2017

This research note incorporates stress process theory to explore what stress-coping strategies have been adopted by business travelers. The results indicate that travel competence, social support, and destination activities, are three key components of the coping strategies business travelers utilize to decrease their stress on the road. Also, this study indicates that healthy menus, in-room amenities (i.e., technology, a temperature control panel, and quality of bedding and bath amenities), and convenience (i.e., distance to business sites/airport and hotel services) were considered important hotel attributes that help business travelers overcome travel-related stress. This study took an initial attempt to explore business travelers’ coping strategies used to combat travel-related stress. Since the need of understanding business travelers’ well-being and work–life balance has been increasing, this study could contribute to the limited research related to business travelers’ stress and bring suggestions for corporate travel policies and programs, as well as travel satisfaction. Consequently, this study broaches the subject of business travelers’ stress and implications for hospitality service providers.
Observations online: Finding the ethical boundaries of Facebook research
Authors: Willis Roxana
Published: November 2017

Informed consent may be unobtainable in online contexts. This article examines the difficulties of obtaining informed consent online through a Facebook case study. It is proposed that there are at least two ways informed consent could be waived in research: first, if the data are public, and second, if the data are textual. Accordingly, the publicness of the Facebook News Feed is considered. Taking account of the wide availability of Facebook users’ data, and reflecting on how public those users perceive their information to be, this paper argues that some Facebook data are properly viewed as public to semi-public in nature. A second issue is whether the Facebook News Feed data collection ought to be classified as document-based or human subjects research. Since the Facebook News Feed involves social interaction that may elicit ‘ethically important moments’, this paper proposes that observing it may constitute human subjects research. While informed consent is desirable for human subjects research, it is suggested that Facebook News Feed observations are comparable to observational research in a public space, and thus waiving informed consent in this online setting could be justifiable.
Hybrid reliability-based multidisciplinary design optimization with random and interval variables
Authors: Yang Fan , Yue Zhufeng , Li Lei , Guan Dong
Published: November 2017

This article presents a procedure for reliability-based multidisciplinary design optimization with both random and interval variables. The sign of performance functions is predicted by the Kriging model which is constructed by the so-called learning function in the region of interest. The Monte Carlo simulation with the Kriging model is performed to evaluate the failure probability. The sample methods for the random variables, interval variables, and design variables are discussed in detail. The multidisciplinary feasible and collaborative optimization architectures are provided with the proposed method. The method is demonstrated with three examples.
An improved node algorithm based on the evaluation of weighted network node importance
Authors: DengWei Lin
Published: November 2017

There are shortcomings in the node contraction method used in the evaluation of the importance of weighted network nodes. To avoid those defects, an improved importance evaluation method is proposed. The differences of edge weight have impacts on importance of nodes and edges; therefore, two improvements are made in defining the network cohesion and the importance of edges of network G* using weighted shortest distances. In this paper, this improved method is analyzed and validated through a comparative analysis. The influence of the coefficients on the importance and relative importance of the nodes is analyzed by adjusting the proportional coefficient and the weight coefficient. The results show that the improved method can provide more comprehensive and accurate assessment of the importance of weighted network nodes without increasing the computational complexity.
Potential for Bias and the American Orthopaedic Foot and Ankle Society Ankle-Hindfoot Scoring System
Authors: Macaulay Alec , Nandyala Sreeharsha V. , Miller Christopher P. , Ghorbanhoseini Mohammad , Walley Kempland C. , Kwon John Y.
Published: November 2017

Background: The American Orthopaedic Foot and Ankle Society Ankle-Hindfoot Scoring System (AOFAS-AH) has not been validated and has significant risk for researcher bias, given that 40 out of 100 points are assessed by study staff subjectively. The purpose of this study is to evaluate its recent use in the orthopaedic literature to determine the percentage of previously published studies for which study conclusions would be changed if the AOFAS-AH scores were artificially altered, representing the effect of a systematic researcher bias. Materials and Methods: Articles from January 2012 and February 2015 in three orthopaedic journals were queried for use of the AOFAS-AH. Quantities of 4, 8, or 12 points were added to or subtracted from mean AOFAS-AH scores for each study while otherwise maintaining the reported standard deviation to simulate a researcher bias when scoring the subjective sections. Statistical analysis was performed with the adjusted AOFAS-AH mean scores in order to elucidate a potential “reversal” in statistical significance and conclusion. Results: A 1582 original research articles were published during this time period. 128 articles utilized the AOFAS-AH score. 30 articles (23.4%) reported the required statistical data to permit manipulation of AOFAS-AH scores. Nine of the 30 articles (30%) had a reversal following a manipulation of 12 or fewer points. Seven (5.5%) reported the blinding status of the researchers. Conclusion: The potential for bias is high with the AOFAS-AH and its continued is questionable. Researchers utilizing the AOFAS-AH should at a minimum appropriately blind study staff and consider pre-study clarification of subjective terminology.

Levels of Evidence: Level IV
T2*-Mapping of Acetabular Cartilage in Patients With Femoroacetabular Impingement at 3 Tesla: Comparative Analysis with Arthroscopic Findings
Authors: Hesper Tobias , Neugroda Christina , Schleich Christoph , Antoch Gerald , Hosalkar Harish , Krauspe Rüdiger , Zilkens Christoph , Bittersohl Bernd
Published: November 2017

Objective

To evaluate the diagnostic accuracy of T2*-mapping for detecting acetabular cartilage damage in patients with symptomatic femoroacetabular impingement (FAI).

Design

A total of 29 patients (17 females, 12 males, mean age 35.6 ± 12.8 years, mean body mass index 25.1 ± 4.1 kg/m2, 16 right hips) with symptomatic FAI underwent T2* MRI and subsequent hip arthroscopy. T2* values were obtained by region of interest analysis in seven radially reformatted planes around the femoral neck (anterior, anterior-superior, superior-anterior, superior, superior-posterior, posterior-superior, posterior). Intraoperatively, a modified Outerbridge classification was used for assessment of the cartilage status in each region. T2* values and intraoperative data were compared, and sensitivity, specificity, negative predictive values (NPV) and positive predictive values (PPV) as well as the correlation between T2*-mapping and intraoperative findings, were determined. The mean time interval between MRI and arthroscopy was 65.7 ± 48.0 days.

Results

Significantly higher T2* values were noted in arthroscopically normal evaluated cartilage than in regions with cartilage degeneration (mean T2* 25.6 ± 4.7 ms vs. 19.9 ± 4.5 ms; P < 0.001). With the intraoperative findings as a reference, sensitivity, specificity, NPV and PPV were 83.5%, 67.7%, 78.4% and 74.4%, respectively. The correlation between T2*-mapping and intraoperative cartilage status was moderate (ρ = −0.557; P < 0.001).

Conclusions

T2*-mapping enabled analysis of acetabular cartilage with appropriate correlation with intraoperative findings and promising results for sensitivity, specificity, PPV, and NPV in this cohort. Our results emphasize the value of T2*-mapping for the diagnosis of hip joint cartilage pathologies in symptomatic FAI.
Bone Marrow Aspirate Concentrate for Cartilage Defects of the Knee: From Bench to Bedside Evidence
Authors: Cotter Eric J. , Wang Kevin C. , Yanke Adam B. , Chubinskaya Susan
Published: November 2017

Objective

To critically evaluate the current basic science, translational, and clinical data regarding bone marrow aspirate concentrate (BMAC) in the setting of focal cartilage defects of the knee and describe clinical indications and future research questions surrounding the clinical utility of BMAC for treatment of these lesions.

Design

A literature search was performed using the PubMed and Ovid MEDLINE databases for studies in English (1980-2017) using keywords, including [“bone marrow aspirate” and “cartilage”], [“mesenchymal stem cells” and “cartilage”], and [“bone marrow aspirate” and “mesenchymal stem cells” and “orthopedics”]. A total of 1832 articles were reviewed by 2 independent authors and additional literature found through scanning references of cited articles.

Results

BMAC has demonstrated promising results in the clinical application for repair of chondral defects as an adjuvant procedure or as an independent management technique. A subcomponent of BMAC, bone marrow derived–mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) possess the ability to differentiate into cells important for osteogenesis and chondrogenesis. Modulation of paracrine signaling is perhaps the most important function of BM-MSCs in this setting. In an effort to increase the cellular yield, authors have shown the ability to expand BM-MSCs in culture while maintaining phenotype.

Conclusions

Translational studies have demonstrated good clinical efficacy of BMAC both concomitant with cartilage restoration procedures, at defined time points after surgery, and as isolated injections. Early clinical data suggests BMAC may help stimulate a more robust hyaline cartilage repair tissue response. Numerous questions remain regarding BMAC usage, including cell source, cell expansion, optimal pathology, and injection timing and quantity.
Numerically optimized modulations for adiabatic pulses in surface nuclear magnetic resonance
Authors: Grombacher Denys
Published: November 2017

Adiabatic pulses, which provide an effective means of generating a large-amplitude nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) signal in the presence of a heterogeneous magnetic field, have the potential to greatly improve the signal-to-noise ratio of the surface NMR experiment. To ensure efficient implementation of adiabatic pulses into the surface NMR framework, a numerically optimized modulation (NOM) approach is used to design adiabatic pulses specifically intended for application in surface NMR. The scenario in which the frequency response of the tuned transmit coil is used to modulate the current amplitude is considered. The performance of a NOM pulse is contrasted against two alternative adiabatic pulses (described by a linear frequency sweep and a hyperbolic tangent sweep) that are currently implemented with the existing hardware. The NOM approach provides equivalent excitation as the chirp and hyperbolic tangent pulse while shortening pulse durations and reducing power consumption. Furthermore, the NOM approach also provides sharp resolution and large signal amplitudes. Considerations for the design of the NOM adiabatic pulse for surface NMR are given, as well as a discussion about their implementation into the surface NMR experimental framework.
Fractional integration of seismic wavelets in anelastic media to recover multiscale properties of impedance discontinuities
Authors: Ker Stephan , Le Gonidec Yves
Published: November 2017

Multiscale seismic attributes based on wavelet transform properties have recently been introduced and successfully applied to identify the geometry of a complex seismic reflector in an elastic medium. We extend this quantitative approach to anelastic media where intrinsic attenuation modifies the seismic attributes and thus requires a specific processing to retrieve them properly. The method assumes an attenuation linearly dependent with the seismic wave frequency and a seismic source wavelet approximated with a Gaussian derivative function (GDF). We highlight a quasi-conservation of the Gaussian character of the wavelet during its propagation. We found that this shape can be accurately modeled by a GDF characterized by a fractional integration and a frequency shift of the seismic source, and we establish the relationship between these wavelet parameters and [Formula: see text]. Based on this seismic wavelet modeling, we design a time-varying shaping filter that enables making constant the shape of the wavelet allowing retrieval of the wavelet transform properties. Introduced with a homogeneous step-like reflector, the method is first applied on a thin-bed reflector and then on a more realistic synthetic data set based on an in situ acoustic impedance sequence and a high-resolution seismic source. The results clearly highlight the efficiency of the method in accurately restoring the multiscale seismic attributes of complex seismic reflectors in anelastic media by the use of broadband seismic sources.
An efficient Helmholtz solver for acoustic transversely isotropic media
Authors: Wu Zedong , Alkhalifah Tariq
Published: November 2017

The acoustic approximation, even for anisotropic media, is widely used in current industry imaging and inversion algorithms mainly because P-waves constitute most of the energy recorded in seismic exploration. The resulting acoustic formulas tend to be simpler, resulting in more efficient implementations, and they depend on fewer medium parameters. However, conventional solutions of the acoustic-wave equation with higher-order derivatives suffer from S-wave artifacts. Thus, we separate the quasi-P-wave propagation in anisotropic media into the elliptic anisotropic operator (free of the artifacts) and the nonelliptic anisotropic components, which form a pseudodifferential operator. We then develop a separable approximation of the dispersion relation of nonelliptic-anisotropic components, specifically for transversely isotropic media. Finally, we iteratively solve the simpler lower-order elliptical wave equation for a modified source function that includes the nonelliptical terms represented in the Fourier domain. A frequency-domain Helmholtz formulation of the approach renders the iterative implementation efficient because the cost is dominated by the lower-upper decomposition of the impedance matrix for the simpler elliptical anisotropic model. In addition, the resulting wavefield is free of S-wave artifacts and has a balanced amplitude. Numerical examples indicate that the method is reasonably accurate and efficient.
Should Percussion Pacing Have a Role in Perioperative Advanced Cardiac Life Support?: A Case Report
Authors: Giordano Chris , Miller Jordan , Keidan Ilan
Published: November 2017

Percussion pacing involves using one’s fist to repeatedly strike a patient’s left sternal border in a rhythmic manner. The resulting increase in ventricular pressure can trigger myocardial depolarization and subsequent contraction. We describe the successful treatment of acute preoperative symptomatic sinus bradycardia with percussion pacing in a 63-year-old patient scheduled for placement of a gastric feeding tube after trauma involving spinal cord injury. Although no longer included in current advanced cardiovascular life support guidelines, percussion pacing may be a suitable alternative to chest compressions in multitrauma cases where the force of compressions could cause further complications.
HIV-1 NC-induced stress granule assembly and translation arrest are inhibited by the dsRNA binding protein Staufen1
Authors: Rao Shringar , Cinti Alessandro , Temzi Abdelkrim , Amorim Raquel , You Ji Chang , Mouland Andrew J.
Published: November 2017

The nucleocapsid (NC) is an N-terminal protein derived from the HIV-1 Gag precursor polyprotein, pr55Gag. NC possesses key functions at several pivotal stages of viral replication. For example, an interaction between NC and the host double-stranded RNA-binding protein Staufen1 was shown to regulate several steps in the viral replication cycle, such as Gag multimerization and genomic RNA encapsidation. In this work, we observed that the overexpression of NC leads to the induction of stress granule (SG) assembly. NC-mediated SG assembly was unique as it was resistant to the SG blockade imposed by the HIV-1 capsid (CA), as shown in earlier work. NC also reduced host cell mRNA translation, as judged by a puromycylation assay of de novo synthesized proteins, and this was recapitulated in polysome profile analyses. Virus production was also found to be significantly reduced. Finally, Staufen1 expression completely rescued the blockade to NC-mediated SG assembly, global mRNA translation as well as virus production. NC expression also resulted in the phosphorylation of protein kinase R (PKR) and eIF2α, and this was inhibited with Staufen1 coexpression. This work sheds light on an unexpected function of NC in host cell translation. A comprehensive understanding of the molecular mechanisms by which a fine balance of the HIV-1 structural proteins NC and CA act in concert with host proteins such as Staufen1 to modulate the host stress response will aid in the development of new antiviral therapeutics.
Mechanistic implications of enhanced editing by a HyperTRIBE RNA-binding protein
Authors: Xu Weijin , Rahman Reazur , Rosbash Michael
Published: November 2017

We previously developed TRIBE, a method for the identification of cell-specific RNA-binding protein targets. TRIBE expresses an RBP of interest fused to the catalytic domain (cd) of the RNA-editing enzyme ADAR and performs adenosine-to-inosine editing on RNA targets of the RBP. However, target identification is limited by the low editing efficiency of the ADARcd. Here we describe HyperTRIBE, which carries a previously characterized hyperactive mutation (E488Q) of the ADARcd. HyperTRIBE identifies dramatically more editing sites, many of which are also edited by TRIBE but at a much lower editing frequency. HyperTRIBE therefore more faithfully recapitulates the known binding specificity of its RBP than TRIBE. In addition, separating RNA binding from the enhanced editing activity of the HyperTRIBE ADAR catalytic domain sheds light on the mechanism of ADARcd editing as well as the enhanced activity of the HyperADARcd.
Why we need a multi-level approach to tackle cyberbullying
Authors: Lepkowska Dorothy
Published: November 2017

More than four out of ten teenagers have experienced cyberbullying, a recent report has found. Dorothy Lepkowska looks at the impact cyberbullying can have and how to tackle it.
Introducing coping strategies to help young people look after their health now and in the future
Authors: Newton John
Published: November 2017

John Newton explains why it is important to strengthen young people's resilience and to equip them with coping mechanisms, and introduces new learning resources developed by Public Health England.
Non-medical use of prescription drugs in the millennial generation: A public health concern
Authors: Perron Tracy , Clark Jane , Liberi Katie , Moran Jillian , Zanetti Rachel
Published: November 2017

Non-medical use of prescription opioid drugs by the millennial generation has been an ongoing topic in modern literature. Recent increases in mortality and morbidity related to prescription drug abuse have indicated the need for increased research and allocation of resources.

This article provides a review of current literature on non-medical use of prescription drug use within this population in the United States. Initial searches yielded over 100 results. After identifying the 11 most applicable studies, a more thorough evaluation was conducted. Each study was published within the last 5 years and contributed to the compilation of consistent themes and findings.

Literature has focused on factors that predispose millennials to prescription opioid misuse, methods of obtainment, related health consequences, and the implications within communities and schools. Components include complementary findings and demonstrate the increasingly detrimental impact that non-medical use of prescription opioid drugs has on millennial and adolescent populations.
Looking back to move forward: A genealogy of school nursing
Authors: Cordery Lisa
Published: November 2017

School nursing is a highly skilled and much needed nursing specialty, yet a lack of recognition suggests that the identity of the service is inadequately defined. Genealogy offers an opportunity to look back to the past of school nursing so we can learn how the role developed and why, and use this to inform its future development.
Protective factors as predictors of resilience among vulnerable children in Osun State, Nigeria
Authors: Olowokere Adekemi Eunice
Published: November 2017

Resilience, often reported as a factor for coping with adversity, is subject to available resources within or external to an individual. It is very important for sustaining wellbeing of a person during difficult times. In this study, the predictors of resilience among vulnerable school children are carefully examined. The study sample comprised 750 students in junior public high school in two local government areas of Osun State. Cross-sectional mixed method design was employed by using structured questionnaire and interview guide to collect data from the study population. Results showed that having an adult role model (OR=1.92, CI=1.00-3.60, P=0.044) and a good rapport with the guardian(s)/parent(s) (OR=2.29, CI=1.11-4.68, P=0.025) can significantly predict the resilience of vulnerable school children. In conclusion, the knowledge of predictors of resilience in children may help school nurses to strengthen parents' and guardians' interpersonal relationships with the children in their care.
A new way forward: A look at one school nursing team's innovative service model
Authors: Wheeler Beverley Ann
Published: November 2017

There is no ‘one-size-fits-all’ service model for school nursing and many teams are having to come up with creative solutions to respond to increasing pressures and rising needs. Beverley Ann Wheeler shares the innovative service model developed by one school nursing team.
Mental health: Three in four children miss out on support
Authors: Henshaw Pete
Published: November 2017

Phase 1 of government mental health review has revealed a fragmented system, long waiting times, and a majority of young people who do not get the help they need. Pete Henshaw takes a look
Factors affecting veterinary surgeons' decision making around therapeutics in farm animal surgery. A report from a BCVA congress workshop
Authors: Wapenaar Wendela , Remnant John
Published: November 2017

A ‘considered choice’ is crucial when deciding on treatment protocols in farm animal practice; these considerations include the ethical use of veterinary medicines and particularly antimicrobials (‘as little as possible, as much as necessary’), as well as keeping your client well informed on the legal implications of products used (prescribing in accordance with the cascade). Animal welfare is at the heart of veterinary decision making particularly when considering analgesics. The scientific evidence base behind the treatment choices discussed was weak, often due to lack of existing evidence, but also due to the level of variation in situations that one encounters in practice. It is important to keep encouraging veterinary practitioners, veterinary academia and industry to build on this evidence base. In addition, this workshop highlighted that collaboration between junior and senior farm veterinary surgeons is crucial. Being open to considering new ideas and listening to and acknowledging older ideas and experience is one of the ways to improve treatment choices for cows. This is particularly important, not only as new treatments and evidence emerge, but also as societal expectations and political pressures change.
Cattle Review
Authors: Barrett David C
Published: November 2017

Introduction:

This edition of Cattle Review considers papers on vigour and colostrum intake in beef calves, antibiotic use on French dairy farms and endemic disease in dairy herds in Great Britain.
Common farm poisons: part 2
Authors: Bates Nicola , Payne Jo
Published: November 2017

This final article on common farm poisons discusses the toxic effects of some feed-related supplements (copper and selenium) and antibiotics (ionophores), botulism and sweet potatoes. The severity and susceptibility of poisoning in farm animals varies with species and duration of exposure. Sheep are particularly susceptible to copper which causes gastrointestinal signs (acute poisoning) or a haemolytic crisis (chronic poisoning). Signs of acute selenium poisoning can be non-specific but hoof deformities are seen in chronic poisoning. Ionophore toxicosis results in damage to cardiac and skeletal muscle cells whereas botulism is characterised by afebrile, symmetrical, descending paralysis. Ingestion of mouldy sweet potatoes causes atypical interstitial pneumonia. Treatment is generally supportive with identification and removal of the source and management of clinical signs. Vaccination is used in animals at risk of further outbreaks of botulism. All these substances can have an economic impact on the farmer (e.g. stock losses, milk drop, cessation of laying) and there may be food safety issues to be addressed.
Mídia e Justiça no Brasil: O Mapeamento das Pautas Históricas de Uma Nova Relação
Authors: Albuquerque Grazielle
Published: November 2017

O artigo tem como objeto o processo de cobertura do Poder Judiciário brasileiro, em um panorama que mapeia dois momentos-chave: a CPI do Judiciário (1999) e a Reforma do Judiciário (Tramitação da Emenda 45, nos anos de 2003 e 2004. Nessa perspectiva, analisamos a pauta do “controle externo”, defendida pela mídia durante a Reforma do Judiciário e a posterior defesa do Conselho Nacional de Justiça (CNJ) como órgão contrário ao nepotismo, como estratégia midiática de defesa institucional. Dois sentidos do mesmo fenômeno que mostram a construção de uma nova relação entre mídia e Sistema de Justiça, que ganha gradual autonomia em relação à cobertura política. Assim, mídia e Sistema de Justiça criam uma relação que se estreita ora com tensões, ora com coesões dentro de um processo em curso que passa a afetar o escopo institucional brasileiro.
EVOLUÇÃO DO CAPITAL SOCIAL EMPREENDEDOR DOS SPIN-OFFS UNIVERSITÁRIOS
Authors: Borges Cândido , Filion Louis Jacques
Published: November 2017

Apesar de a literatura do campo do empreendedorismo reconhecer a evolução do capital social, ao longo do processo de criação de uma empresa, as pesquisas até aqui realizadas registraram, em geral, a estrutura da rede em certo momento e não as mudanças ocorridas nessa estrutura ao longo do tempo. Frente a esta lacuna, o objetivo deste artigo é responder a seguinte questão: como evolui o capital social empreendedor ao longo de processo de criação de um spin-off universitário? Para tanto, são aqui apresentados os resultados de uma pesquisa indutiva, exploratória e qualitativa realizada com oito casos de spin-offs universitários. O processo de criação de spin-offs é dividido em quatro etapas (iniciação, preparação, lançamento e consolidação) e os contatos da rede mobilizados pelos empreendedores são analisados em cada uma destas etapas. Os resultados indicam que na etapa iniciação, o capital social mobilizado é essencialmente tecnológico e que ele progride e se diversifica até a etapa de consolidação, onde ocorre o crescimento da mobilização da rede de negócios. O artigo mostra a importância dos empreendedores anteciparem a mobilização dos contatos de negócio e a necessidade das universidades e suas incubadoras favorecerem esse tipo de relação.
A Identidade Empreendedora no Contexto de Empresas de Pequeno Porte
Authors: Ésther Angelo Brigato , Rodrigues Isabella Stroppa , Freire Elaine Santos
Published: November 2017

As publicações acerca da identidade empreendedora ainda são incipientes. Nesse sentido, utilizaram-se conceitos-chave da psicologia social, notadamente da teoria da identidade social e da teoria da categorização social, bem como a perspectiva de Ciampa, especialmente a ideia de que as identidades são, antes de tudo, políticas e, portanto, construídas num contexto de relações sociais e de poder. Foi conduzida uma pesquisa com quatro sujeitos, proprietários de suas empresas, com o objetivo de compreender como eles constroem sua identidade empreendedora, privilegiando-se o ponto de vista do sujeito, a partir de sua experiência vivida. Foi realizada a análise temática das entrevistas. Os resultados apontam contradições e fragmentações nos discursos dos entrevistados, porém coerentes com a perspectiva de Ciampa de que o Eu de cada empreendedor, como pessoa, não precisa, nem pode, limitar-se a uma única definição de identidade.
Proposição de um Novo Método de Seleção de Micro, Pequenas e Médias Empresas de Base Tecnológica (MPEBT)
Authors: Inácio Júnior Edmundo Inácio , Carvalho Ruy de Quadros , Gavira Muriel
Published: November 2017

Muitos estudos cujo tema é a MPEBT se apoiam em diferentes critérios de seleção. Esse procedimento tem se mostrado insatisfatório dificultando a comparação entre os resultados das pesquisas. Contribuindo com essa problemática, o objetivo do presente artigo é propor um novo método para selecionar MPEBT. Na medida em que cresce o interesse de pesquisa pela MPEBT tornando-se clara a necessidade de se ter um critério que possa servir de base para pesquisas futuras. A metodologia abrangeu a revisão da literatura, a definição das variáveis a empregar, bem como a forma de tratamento dessas. Como resultado obteve-se um critério de seleção que envolve 15 variáveis divididas em duas distintas dimensões (dos esforços e resultados) do processo inovativo, que atendem a três importantes critérios: i) o ambiente no qual as MPEBT se inserem; ii) o caráter dinâmico do processo inovativo; iii) a comparabilidade, por basear-se em dados de pesquisas que seguem metodologias internacionalmente aceitas.
Produção Científica Brasileira sobre Empreendedorismo Social entre 2000 e 2012
Authors: Campos Teodoro Malta , Martens Cristina Dai Prá , Resende Marcelo Rosa de , Carmona Viviane Celina , Lima Edmilson
Published: November 2017

O presente artigo tem por objetivo analisar como o tema empreendedorismo social vem sendo estudado no Brasil. A revisão da literatura permitiu compreender três tipos de objetivos de empreendimentos sociais: comunitários, inclusão social e emancipação social. Também foi possível verificar diferentes tipos de definições juntamente com quatro tipos de empreendedores social: individual, grupo de pessoas, comunidade e organizacional. A pesquisa foi realizada por meio da análise da produção científica nacional publicada em periódicos científicos ligados à Administração, qualificados pela CAPES com classificação igual ou superior a B3. Ao todo, foram identificados 76 artigos publicados em 31 periódicos no período de 2000 a 2012. Os resultados apontaram para uma predominância de empreendimentos sociais concebidos no formato de organizações do terceiro setor e cooperativas. A maioria dos empreendimentos sociais é oriunda de ações organizacionais, não possui finalidade lucrativa e tem como missão contribuir para inclusão e emancipação social. Em termos de metodologia de pesquisa, a predominância é de trabalhos teórico-empíricos, com abordagem qualitativa, e as técnicas de coleta de dados mais utilizadas são entrevistas e levantamento documental. São identificadas lacunas de estudos no que se refere a impacto social do empreendimento, captação de recursos e patrimônio coletivo.
EMPREENDEDORISMO ACADÊMICO NO BRASIL: UMA AVALIAÇÃO DA PROPENSÃO À CRIAÇÃO DE EMPRESAS POR ESTUDANTES UNIVERSITÁRIOS
Authors: Garcia Renato , Araujo Veneziano , Mascarini Suelene , Silva Andrea Oliveira , Ascúa Ruben
Published: November 2017

As atividades de empreendedorismo acadêmico vêm recebendo crescente atenção na literatura e entre os formuladores de políticas públicas, principalmente pela sua capacidade de contribuir para o desenvolvimento econômico e tecnológico dos países. Inserido nesse contexto, este trabalho aplica uma metodologia por meio de um survey junto a estudantes universitários que procura identificar os principais fatores que estimulam a criação de empresas. Os principais resultados mostram que a propensão a assumir risco, a proximidade a outros empreendedores e o desenvolvimento de uma ideia para o empreendimento são os principais fatores que influenciam a propensão à criação de empresas. Além desses, a busca de poder e a possibilidade de colocar em prática suas próprias ideias também são importantes motivadores ao empreendedorismo acadêmico. Esses resultados trazem consigo importantes implicações para a atuação da universidade no estímulo à criação de empresas.
PREVISÃO DE INSOLVÊNCIA EM MICRO E PEQUENAS EMPRESAS UTILIZANDO INDICADORES CONTÁBEIS
Authors: Lemos Luiz Fernando Branco , Soares Rodrigo Oliveira
Published: November 2017

Este estudo tem por objetivo construir um modelo de previsão de insolvência para as Micro e Pequenas Empresas com base em indicadores contábeis. Para atingir este objetivo realizou-se uma pesquisa com profissionais de contabilidade do Rio Grande do Sul, obtendo-se informações contábeis de 104 Micro e pequenas empresas referentes ao período de 1995 a 2007. Para análise dos dados foi feita, inicialmente, uma análise fatorial que reduziu o número de indicadores contábeis de 25 para 5 fatores. Foi utilizada a análise discriminante para a construção de uma função discriminante, buscando classificar as empresas com relação à sua possibilidade de insolvência. A validação do modelo foi realizada por crossvalidation, ou seja, a subdivisão da amostra original, sendo uma para a definição do modelo e outra para a sua validação. O grau de predição alcançou 96,15% de acerto. Posteriormente foi criada uma régua de insolvência, ou seja, uma escala ilustrativa, utilizando-se a análise de conglomerados ou clusters analysis para classificar as empresas que compuseram a pesquisa.
Empreendedorismo Sustentável: Proposição de uma Tipologia e Sugestões de Pesquisa
Authors: Borges Cândido , Borges Marcos Martins , Ferreira Vicente da Rocha Soares , Najberg Estela , Tete Marcelo Ferreira
Published: November 2017

Este artigo tem como objetivo propor uma tipologia com as diferentes categorias de empreendedorismo sustentável e levantar aspectos ligados a ele sobre os quais ainda se conhece pouco e que poderiam ser explorados em novas pesquisas. Para a construção desta tipologia foi feita uma revisão da literatura sobre empreendedorismo sustentável. A tipologia proposta leva em conta três indicadores: (i) o nicho de negócio explorado (ambiental ou social), (ii) a motivação da incorporação da sustentabilidade (meio ou objetivo) e (iii) a utilização ou não dos pressupostos da responsabilidade social empresarial na empresa nascente. O primeiro indicador considera se é explorado um negócio ambiental ou social. Os negócios ambientais foram classificados em quatro categorias principais: (i) produtos ecoeficientes, (ii) turismo e lazer na natureza, (iii) agricultura orgânica e extrativismo e (iv) reciclagem e reutilização. Os negócios sociais foram classificados em quatro categorias principais: (i) produtos para grupos com necessidades especiais, (ii) microcrédito, (iii) comércio justo e (iv) negócios na base da pirâmide. O segundo indicador está relacionado com a motivação para a incorporação da sustentabilidade, se ela é o objetivo do empreendedor ao criar o negócio, ou apenas um meio utilizado para realizar ganhos financeiros. O terceiro indicador trata da utilização ou não dos pressupostos da responsabilidade social empresarial na empresa nascente.
Perfil empreendedor: estudo sobre características empreendedoras de motoristas funcionários, agregados e autônomos do transporte rodoviário de cargas.
Authors: Moraes Marcelo Jacober , Hashimoto Marcos , Albertini Tiago Zanett
Published: November 2017

O objetivo deste estudo foi distinguir as características do perfil empreendedor de motoristas de três categorias do transporte rodoviário de carga: funcionários, agregados e autônomos, por meio do estudo de atributos que fazem parte da teoria que versa sobre perfil empreendedor. Um questionário foi aplicado para 210 motoristas divididos igualmente em cada uma das três categorias, com delimitação no município de Campinas/SP. Para obtenção dos dados optou-se pela utilização de instrumento de medição no formato Likert sendo previamente validado, e a aplicação junto aos respondentes deu-se de forma presencial. Dentre os principais resultados identificados, o teste one-way ANOVA para os índices de atributos do perfil empreendedor de motoristas rodoviários de carga estratificada por categorias, mostrou que os motoristas autônomos são mais empreendedores do que os motoristas das demais categorias estudadas. Através da análise de correlação indicou-se uma relação mútua moderada entre os atributos que compõem o perfil empreendedor de motoristas rodoviários de cargas, porém apesar de moderados a correlação entre eles, de uma forma geral, foi altamente significativa, e sugere a possibilidade de haver influências de uma característica empreendedora sobre outra característica.
INOVAÇÃO SOCIAL E ESTRATÉGIAS PARA A BASE DA PIRÂMIDE: MERCADO POTENCIAL PARA EMPREENDEDORES E PEQUENOS NEGÓCIOS
Authors: Ribeiro Rhubens Ewald Moura , Segatto Andréa Paula , Coelho Taiane Ritta
Published: November 2017

O mundo pede por novos modelos de negócios que colaborem com o desenvolvimento local das comunidades. Existe um mercado potencial localizado na base da pirâmide, a qual é composta pelos menos favorecidos economicamente. A concepção de modelos de negócios para servir aos mais pobres pode ser desenvolvida em conjunto com estratégias que trabalhem a inovação de uma maneira social. Este trabalho analisa teoricamente a inter-relação entre inovação social e estratégias de negócios para a base da pirâmide, identificando as oportunidades emergentes para empreendedores e pequenas empresas. Constata-se uma inter-relação entre os temas que provoca externalidades positivas para a sociedade e potencial de mercado para empreendedores e pequenas empresas, que ao olharem para a base da pirâmide podem identificar negócios sociais, contribuir para a transformação da sociedade de maneira positiva e encontrar ao mesmo tempo novas oportunidades de negócio.
RESPONSABILIDADE SOCIAL EMPRESARIAL NA HOTELARIA: A VISÃO DE EMPRESAS DE DISTINTOS PORTES E ENTRE SEUS DIFERENTES NÍVEIS HIERÁRQUICOS
Authors: Siqueira Ana Carolina Ferreira de , Costa Helena Araújo , Carvalho Alissandra Nazareth de
Published: November 2017

Há uma preocupação global no mundo empresarial em adotar práticas de acordo com o desenvolvimento sustentável, isso é feito por meio de ações de responsabilidade social empresarial. O presente estudo teve como objetivo investigar se a visão dos atores é influenciada pela variável porte e nível organizacional. Essas variáveis foram representados hotel grande ou pequeno e pertencimento ao nível operacional ou gerencial. O lócus de pesquisa escolhido foram hotéis de Brasília devido à importância que o turismo ganhou ultimamente no país e carência de pesquisas que relacionem este setor à responsabilidade social empresarial. A metodologia desenhada para tanto foi composta por duas etapas: uma primeira, quantitativa, em que um survey foi aplicado junto aos gerentes dos hotéis e uma segunda, com caráter qualitativo, em que foram selecionados dois hotéis e foram entrevistados representantes do nível gerencial e operacional. Como resultado, verificou-se que as ações de responsabilidade ambiental são mais praticadas pelos hotéis do que as ações sociais e os hotéis de grande porte praticam ações de RSE mais do que os de pequeno porte. As variáveis porte e nível hierárquico foram determinantes para diferenças e semelhanças na visão dos entrevistados.
TURISMO VERDE: AMIGOS, AMIGOS, NEGÓCIOS À PARTE
Authors: Uchôa Antônio Giovanni Figliuolo , Brasil Maria Leônia Alves do Vale , Marinho Sidnei Vieira , Alberton Anete
Published: November 2017

O empreendedorismo possui sua força motriz no desejo de criação e inovação, permitindo agregar à economia novas oportunidades de negócios associado à diversificação de produtos e serviços. A peculiar característica de biodiversidade amazônica é palco para modelos de negócios inspiradores em associação ao ambiente natural proporcionado pela região. Neste ambiente, surge a Pousada Arara Azul, uma empresa caracterizada como alojamento de selva, um negócio familiar e voltada para o ecoturismo. A organização inicialmente atendeu à demanda local, mas dificuldades de acesso em virtude da logística por balsas restringiram a demanda por clientes ao hotel, reduzindo a taxa de ocupação. Com a construção da ponte sobre o Rio Negro identificou-se uma possível melhora. Contudo, não foi constatado incremento nos negócios. Quais estratégias poderiam ser implementadas para incrementar a taxa de ocupação?
IDENTIFICAÇÃO DE ELEMENTOS CULTURAIS NA AQUISIÇÃO DE UMA EMPRESA FAMILIAR POR UM FUNDO DE PRIVATE EQUITY: UM ESTUDO DE CASO
Authors: Atz Vinícius , Rese Natália
Published: November 2017

As empresas familiares possuem destaque nas sociedades em que estão inseridas. Neste trabalho foram identificados os elementos culturais presentes na aquisição de uma empresa familiar do setor de transporte de cargas por um fundo de private equity. Foi utilizado como metodologia o estudo de caso; os dados foram coletados por meio de entrevistas realizadas a partir de questionário não-estruturado. Foram entrevistados quatro participantes do processo: dois funcionários da empresa não pertencentes à família, o fundador e o seu filho, sucessor e atual diretor financeiro. A base de análise para a cultura organizacional em empresas familiares foi o modelo proposto por Dyer (1988), que classifica a cultura das empresas familiares em Paternalista, Lassez-faire, Participativa e Profissional. Foi identificada a tentativa de transição da cultura paternalista para a cultura profissional após a entrada dos funcionários do fundo de private equity na empresa.  Após 01 ano de tratativas a negociação foi desfeita. Foram identificadas diferenças na forma de visualização da negociação pelas duas empresas: enquanto os representantes do fundo de private equity focavam primordialmente nos aspectos financeiros e nas possibilidades de ganho com a empresa familiar, os representantes desta idealizaram outros aspectos não financeiros, como as dificuldades do compartilhamento de poder, as diferenças na forma de atendimento a clientes, as diferenças no relacionamento com funcionários, a manutenção de funcionários pertencentes a família e outros com longo tempo de casa.