bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Characterization and Crystal Structure of a Novel Two-dimensional Coordination Polymer: [Ni(bpdc)(bix)1.5·H2O]n
Authors: Wei Lin Heng , Wang Zi-Liang , Li Ming-Xue
Published: February 2015

The two-dimensional coordination polymer [Ni(bpdc)(bix)1.5 ·H2O]n (H2bpdc = 2,4’-biphenyldicarboxylic acid; bix = 1,4-bis(imidazol-1-ylmethyl)benzene) was hydrothermally synthesized and structurally characterized. In the tile compound, the octahedral coordination environment around the Ni2+ ion is established by two oxygen atoms from two bpdc2− anions, one water molecule and three nitrogen atoms from three bix ligands. One bix ligand in the asymmetric unit lies on an inversion center at 1, 0.5, 0.5, and the other bix molecule resides on a general position. Each of the two bix molecules is coordinated to four Ni2+ ions, forming a 52-membered ring which is further assembled into a one-dimensional tape structure running parallel to the [100] direction. By a combination of the O2 and O4 oxygen atoms of one bpdc2− anion coordinating two Ni2+ ions, adjacent tapes are joined together, forming a layer structure parallel to the (010) plane. A 22-membered ring is formed by means of two bpdc anions binding to two Ni2+ ions.
Two New Chromium(III) Complexes with the Pincer-type Pyridine-2,6-dicarboxylate Ligand
Authors: Halim Nazar M. , Abramov Vladislav , Pantenburg Ingo , Meyer Gerd
Published: February 2015

The synthesis and crystal structures of two new salts of chromium(III) with pyridine-2,6-dicarboxylic acid H2Pda (and 2,2’-bipyridyl, Bpy, as a co-ligand) are reported, (HPyz)[Cr(Pda)2](H2Pda)-(H2O)5 (1) and [Cr(Pda)(Bpy)(H2O)][Cr(Pda)2](H2O)2 (2). Both crystal structures contain the octahedral [Cr(Pda)2]− anion with the pincer-type O,N,O-Pda2− ligand. In 1, the pyrazole additive does not act as a ligand, rather it is included as a mono-protonated cation. In 2, both Pda2−, the neutral 2,2’-bipyridyl and water are coordinating Cr3+ in the cation [Cr(Pda)(Bpy)(H2O)]+.
Triphenylphosphine-promoted C-Vinylation of 4-Hydroxyquinolines
Authors: Mohtat Bita , Nahavandian Semiramis , Azar Zohre Najafi , Djahaniani Hoorieh , Hossaini Zinatossadat
Published: February 2015

The reaction of dialkyl acetylenedicarboxylates with 4-hydroxyquinoline in the presence of triphenylphosphine (20 mol-%) produces dialkyl (Z)- and (E)-2-(4-hydroxyquinolin-3-yl)-2-butenedioates in good yields. When the reaction was performed with 2-methyl-4-hydroxyquinoline, similar (E)- and (Z)-isomers were obtained.
Concise Synthesis and Displacement Reactions of Model 3-(Alkylthio)- 6-chloro- and 2,6-Dichlorothieno[2,3-e][1,4,2]dithiazine 1,1-Dioxides
Authors: Abu-El-Halawa Rajab , Masad Mohanad , Bathich Yaser , Al-Refai Mahmoud , Ibrahim Mohammad M. , El-Abadelah Mustafa M. , Voelter Wolfgang
Published: February 2015

A series of 3-(alkylthio)-6-chlorothieno[2,3-e][1,4,2]dithiazine 1,1-dioxides (7a - e) were prepared via interaction of deprotonated 2,5-dichlorothiophene-3-sulfonamide with carbon disulfide under reflux, followed by alkylation with alkyl halides. Employment of dimethyl sulfate afforded the isomeric 2-methyl-3-thione derivative 8 together with the expected 3-(methylthio) derivative 7a in a molar ratio of 1 : 4. Treatment of 7a or 10 with ethylamine, aniline or p-chloroaniline produced the corresponding N-ethyl- (or N-phenyl)-6-chlorothieno[2,3-e][1,4,2]dithiazine-3-amine 1,1-dioxides 3a - c. Likewise, interaction of 7a with methylhydrazine (or phenylhydrazine) gave the respective 3-(1-methylhydrazinyl or 2-phenylhydrazinyl) 1,1-dioxides 9a, b. Desulfonation of 6-chloro-3-(methylthio)thieno[ 2,3-e][1,4,2]dithiazine 1,1-dioxide (7a) with sulfuryl chloride produced 3,6-dichlorothieno[2,3- e][1,4,2]dithiazine 1,1-dioxide (10). The latter compound was used as a substrate for the preparation of N-alkyl- (or aryl)-6-chlorothieno[2,3-e][1,4,2]dithiazin-3-amine 1,1-dioxides 3a - c representing a new approach for the synthesis of similar derivatives. Compounds 7a - e showed modest to low antibacterial activity against E. coli and S. aureus.
Imidazole-containing Bispidine Ligands: Synthesis, Structure and Cu(II) Complexation
Authors: Walther Martin , Matterna Madlen , Juran Stefanie , Fähnemann Silke , Stephan Holger , Kraus Werner , Emmerling Franziska
Published: February 2015

The preparation and characterization of tris-pyridyl bispidine (3,7-diazabicyclo[3.3.1]nonane) derivatives with benzimidazole and imidazole donor groups at the N-3 position of the bispidine skeleton and their copper(II) complexes are reported. The impact of the hetaryl substituents on the configurational isomerism of piperidones and their corresponding bispidones has been studied by NMR spectroscopy, revealing the exclusive appearance in the enol form for the piperidones in solution and the trans-configuration regarding the two pyridyl substituents, as well as the sole formation of the unsymmetric exo-endo isomers for the corresponding bispidones. Thus, the bispidones are preorganized ligands for building pentacoordinated complexes, confirmed by the preparation and characterization of the corresponding Cu(II) complexes. Of the di-pyridyl piperidones with benzimidazole and imidazole substituents, and of the Cu(II) complex of the benzimidazole-containing bispidone, crystals have become available for the analysis by X-ray diffraction, showing that the piperidones form the enol tautomers also in the solid state.
Benzoic Acid Allopyranosides and Lignan Glycosides from the Twigs of Keteleeria evelyniana
Authors: He Wen Jun , Fu Zhao Hui , Han Hong Jin , Yan He , Zeng Guang Zhi , Ji Chang Jiu , Chu Hong Biao , Zhang Yu Mei , Tan Ning Hua
Published: February 2015

Seven new compounds, including three benzoic acid allopyranosides keteleeroside A (1), keteleeroside B (2) and keteleeroside C (3), and four lignan glycosides 3’-demethylicariside E3 (4), isocupressoside B (5), 3-methoxyisocupressoside B (6), and isomassonianoside B (7), along with five known compounds (8 - 12), were isolated from the n-butanol part of the methanolic extract of the twigs of Keteleeria evelyniana. The structures of these compounds were elucidated mainly by the analysis of their NMR and MS data. All compounds were isolated from this genus for the first time. The skeleton of lignan glycoside 4 was isolated from the Pinaceae family for the first time. All compounds were evaluated for antimicrobial activity against Candida albicans and Staphylococcus aureus, and their cytotoxic activity against K562, HT-29, B16, BGC-823, BEL-7402, SGC-7901, U251, and A549 cancer cell lines was studied. Results indicated that none of the compounds showed antimicrobial or cytotoxic activity.
Enicostemins A and B, New Secoiridoids from Enicostemma verticillatum
Authors: Jahan Erum , Fatima Itrat , Malik Abdul
Published: February 2015

The new secoiridoids Enicostemins A (1) and B (2) were isolated from the n-butanol-soluble fraction of Enicostemma verticillatum along with gentiocrucine (3) and rutin (4), which were isolated for the first time from the genus Verticillatum. Their structures were assigned based on spectroscopic studies.
A Novel Taxatetraene Framework Formed From a New Natural Taxane from Taxus cuspidata
Authors: Li Yong , Wang Yong-Li , Ni Zhi-Yu , Dong Mei , Cong Bin , Sauriol Françoise , Zhang Man-Li , Gu Yu-Cheng , Shi Qing-Wen , Kiyota Hiromasa
Published: February 2015

Sinenxan H [2α,14β -diacetoxytaxa-4(20),11-diene-5α, 10β -diol, 1] was isolated from the heartwood of Taxus cuspidata, for the first time from natural sources. Compound 1 was found to be readily converted into 2α-acetoxytaxa-4(20),10,12(18),13-tetraen-5α-ol (2), the first example of a taxane with 10,11- and/or 13,14-double bond(s) and a conjugated triene system, in CDCl3.
μ-Oxido-bis(pentammineisen(III))-tetrachlorid-Ammoniak(1/8), [Fe2(μ–O)(NH3)10]Cl4 · 8NH3
Authors: Fichtl Matthias B. , Scherf Lavinia M. , Baer Sebastian A. , Kraus Florian
Published: February 2015

Here we report on the synthesis and characterization of μ-oxido-bis(pentammine iron(III))- tetrachloride-ammonia(1/8), [Fe2(μ-O)(NH3)10]Cl4 ・ 8NH3. The compound crystallizes in the triclinic space group P1̄. At 150 K the lattice parameters are a = 8.4806(7), b = 9.3823(10), c = 10.6321(12) Å , α = 112.59(1), β = 105.98(1), γ = 93.49(1)°, V = 737.51(13) Å3 with Z = 1.
Electronic Spectra and Photochemistry of Coordinated Astaxanthin
Authors: Kunkely Horst , Vogler Arnd
Published: February 2015

Astaxanthin (AXT) is a natural carotenoid which provides colorations to numerous living species such as salmon. Owing to its chelate function deprotonated astaxanthin (axt−) should be easily attached to metal ions. The complex RhIII(phpy)2(axt) with phpy− = deprotonated 2-phenylpyridine was prepared, and its electronic spectra and photochemistry were examined and compared to that of free AXT. Although different in detail, the spectra and photochemistry of AXT and Rh(phpy)2(axt) show common features such as fluorescence and photoisomerization of the axt− ligand in ethanol as solvent. In CH2Cl2 free AXT as well as the complex undergo photooxidation owing to the reducing property of astaxanthin as an antioxidant.
One-pot Synthesis of Dibenzofurans via SNAr and Subsequent Ligand-free Palladium-catalyzed Intramolecular Aryl-aryl Cross-coupling Reactions under Microwave Irradiation
Authors: Che Zhiping , Xu Hui
Published: February 2015

An efficient one-pot synthesis of dibenzofurans, via SNAr reaction of aryl halides and ortho-bromophenols in the presence of anhydrous K2CO3 and subsequent ligand-free palladium-catalyzed intramolecular aryl-aryl cross-coupling cyclization under microwave irradiation, is described.
New Secondary Metabolites from Croton sparsiflorus
Authors: Mehmood Rashad , Malik Abdu
Published: February 2015

Sparsifol (1), a new stereoisomer of inositol, and proaporphine alkaloid crotsparsidine (2), have been isolated from the EtOH extract of Croton sparsiflorus. Their structures were determined on the basis of 1H and 13C NMR spectra, DEPT, COSY, NOESY, HMBC, HMQC, EI-MS, and FAB-MS experiments
Addition of Organometallic Nucleophiles (Carbonylmetallates) to the Allyl Ligand of [(η3-C3H5)Pd(μ-Cl)]2. Synthesis and Structure of (η3-C3H5)Mn(CO)3PEt3
Authors: Kerscher Thomas , Mihan Shahram , Beck Wolfgang
Published: February 2015

The reaction of the organometallic nucleophile [Mn(CO)4- PEt3]− at the allyl ligand of [(η3-C3H5)Pd(μ-Cl)]2 proceeds by allyl transfer from Pd(II) to Mn(-I) to give [(η3-C3H5)- Mn(CO)3PEt3], of which the structure has been determined by X-ray diffraction.
mer-Triammine Trifluorido Iron(III), mer-[FeF3(NH3)3]
Authors: Baer Sebastian A. , Kraus Florian
Published: February 2015

Metal fluorides are scarcely soluble in liquid ammonia, and their ammine complexes are rare. The synthesis and crystal structure of the first ammine complex of an iron fluoride, the mer-triammine trifluorido iron(III), mer-[FeF3(NH3)3], is presented. The compound crystallizes in the form of colorless, needle-shaped single crystals in the monoclinic space group P21/n with Z = 4. The molecules are interconnected by strong N-H· · ·F hydrogen bonds.
Tetraammine Tetrafluorido Cerium(IV) Ammonia (1/1), [CeF4(NH3)4] · NH3
Authors: Kraus Florian , Baer Sebastian A.
Published: February 2015

The synthesis and crystal structure of the first ammine complex of a cerium fluoride, tetraammine tetrafluorido cerium(IV) ammonia (1/1), [CeF4(NH3)4] ・NH3, are presented. The compound crystallizes in the form of colorless, block-shaped single crystals in the tetragonal space group P4/ncc with a = 9.03215(9), c = 10.96404(17) Å , V = 894.443(19) Å3, and Z = 4. The compound contains discrete [CeF4(NH3)4] molecules interconnected by N-H···F hydrogen bonds.
Syntheses, Crystal Structures and Characterization of Two New Pb(II) and Cu(II) Coordination Polymers Based on 2-(4-Fluorophenyl)-1Himidazo[ 4,5-f][1,10]phenanthroline and Benzenedicarboxylate Ligands
Authors: Xu Zhan-Lin , He Yu , Wang Hui-Lian
Published: February 2015

Two new coordination polymers, [Pb(L)(1,3-bdc)] ·2.5H2O (1) and [Cu(L)(1,4-bdc)] (2) (L = 2- (4-fluorophenyl)-1H-imidazo[4,5-f][1,10]phenanthroline; 1,3-bdc, 1,4-bdc = 1,3- and 1,4-benzenedicarboxylate), have been hydrothermally synthesized and characterized by elemental analysis, IR spectra and single-crystal X-ray diffraction. Crystal data for 1: C54H40F2N8O13Pb2, triclinic, space group P¯1, a = 9.3468(19), b = 9.4607(14), c = 15.581(3) Å , α = 90.44(4), β = 101.13(3), γ = 113.97(3)°, V = 1229.6(4) Å3, Z = 1. Crystal data for 2: C27H15CuFN4O4, triclinic, space group P1¯, a = 9.640(6), b = 10.941(8), c = 11.865(5) Å , α = 62.694(4), β = 69.776(3), γ = 79.915(5)◦, V = 1043.2(11) Å3, Z = 2. In 1, the Pb(II) atoms are bridged by the 1,3-bdc ligands to yield a chain structure. The ligands L are only located on one side of the chain, where π · · ·π interactions among neighboring chains result in a supramolecular ladder, and the O-H· · ·O hydrogen bonding interactions further stabilize this structure. Compound 2 shows a layer structure, with stacking by π-π interactions to give a three-dimensional (3D) supramolecular architecture. N-H· · ·O hydrogen bonding further stabilizes the structure of 2.
Synthesis and Characterization of Three Novel Nitrogen-containing Macrolides
Authors: Leng Xin , Yang Bingqin , Liu Yuanyuan , Xie Yi , Tong Jie
Published: February 2015

Three novel nitrogen-containing macrolides have been synthesized by esterification. All of them have been characterized by infrared (IR), elemental analysis, mass spectra (MS), and 1H NMR spectroscopy, and their crystal structures were determined by single-crystal X-ray diffraction. The preparation methods and the intermolecular associations based on C-H・・・O hydrogen bonds and π- π stacking interactions are discussed.
Synthesis and anti-HIV Activity of New Benzimidazole, Benzothiazole and Carbohyrazide Derivatives of the anti-Inflammatory Drug Indomethacin
Authors: Al-Masoudi Najim A. , Jafar Nadhir N. A. , Abbas Layla J. , Baqir Sadiq J. , Pannecouque Christophe
Published: February 2015

There is an urgent need for the design and development of new and safer drugs for the treatment of HIV infection, active against the currently resistant viral strains. New derivatives of the non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug indomethacin bearing benzimidazoles, benzothiazole, purine and pyridine residues 8 - 13 were synthesized with the aim of developing new non-nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors (NNRTIs).Alternatively, new imine analogs 16 - 20 were synthesized from condensation of indomethacinyl hydrazide 15, prepared from the ester 14, with various ketone precursors. Treatment of 15 with phenyl isothiocyanate or triethyl orthoformate afforded the phenylcarbonothioyl and the oxadiazole derivatives 21 and 22, respectively. The new compounds were assayed against HIV-1 and HIV-2 in MT-4 cells. Compounds 9 and 10 were the most active in inhibiting HIV-2 and HIV-1, respectively, with EC50 ≥ 17.60 μgmL−1 and > 1.15 μgmL−1 (therapeutic indexes (SI) of ≥ 3 and < 1, respectively), and are leading candidates for further development.
Phenylisobenzofuranones from Fungicolous Nodulisporium sp. SH-1
Authors: Hayasaka Shingo , Koseki Takuya , Murayama Tetsuya , Kwon Eunsang , Shiono Yoshihito
Published: February 2015

Two new phenylisobenzofuranone nodulisporones A (1) and B (2) were isolated from the fungicolous Nodulisporium sp. Their structures were determined by spectroscopic methods. Compound 1 exhibited antimicrobial activity against Candida albicans and Trichoderma harzianum.
An Efficient and Simple Route to Prospective Biologically Active Isoindoloquinazoline, Pyrimidine and Thiazine Derivatives Using 2-Amino-N-Arylbenzamidine and Related Compounds as Starting Materials
Authors: Abdel-Latif Fathy F. , El-Shaieb Kamal M. , El-Deen Ahmed G.
Published: February 2015

The reaction of (Z)-2-amino-N`-arylbenzamidines 1, 2-amino-4,5,6,7-tetrahydrobenzo[b]-thiophene-3-carboxamide (4) and 4-amino-5-substituted-2-(phenylamino)thiophene-3-carboxamides 12 with o-phthalaldehyde (2), terephthalaldehyde (9), and 4-formyl[2.2]paracyclophane (16) in ethanol under reflux conditions afforded isoindoloquinazoline, thienopyrimidine, pyrimidine and thiazine derivatives, respectively. The products were characterized based on their spectroscopic data and elemental analysis.
Synthesis, Structure, and Spectral and Magnetic Properties of a Three-dimensional Cobalt(II)-Neodymium(III) Heterometal-Organic Framework Based on Oxydiacetic Acid
Authors: Li Jun-Xia , Du Zhong-Xiang , Huang Wei-Ping
Published: February 2015

A new 3d-4 f heteronuclear coordination polymer containing cobalt and neodymium, [Nd2Co3(oda)6(H2O)6]·3H2O}n (1) (H2oda = oxydiacetic acid), has been synthesized and structurally characterized. In 1, the oxydiacetate dianions (oda2−) act as pentadentate ligands, and each of them chelates one Nd3+ ion and bridges two Co2+ ions. The infinite connection of metal ions and ligands results in a highly ordered 3D hexagonal channel framework. The photoluminescent, EPR and magnetic properties of the complex were also investigated.
Preparation, Characterization, X-Ray Structure Determination and Solution Properties of some Novel Copper(I) Bisulfate and Sulfate Salts and Their Stable Derivatives
Authors: Gill Dip S. , Singh Raghubir , Rana Dilbag S. , Wagler Jörg , Kroke Edwin
Published: February 2015

Two highly unstable copper(I) salts, i. e. copper(I) bisulfate tetraacetonitrile, [Cu(CH3CN)4]HSO4, and dicopper(I) sulfate octaacetonitrile, [Cu(CH3CN)4]2SO4, and their stable derivatives with 2,9- dimethyl-1,10-phenanthroline (DMPhen) have been prepared in pure form and characterized by elemental, spectral and chemical analysis. Single-crystal X-ray studies of [Cu(CH3CN)4]HSO4 and its derivative [Cu(DMPhen)2]HSO4 have been carried out. The solution behavior of both of these salts and their derivatives have been investigated using UV/Vis, IR, 63Cu NMR spectroscopy and molar conductance in a number of non-aqueous solvents. Furthermore, a simple method for the preparation of Cu2SO4 is presented.
The Gold-rich Indide Sr5Au13.5In8.5
Authors: Muts Ihor , Rodewald Ute Ch. , Zaremba Vasyl’ I. , Pöttgen Rainer
Published: February 2015

The orthorhombic indide Sr5Au13.5In8.5 was obtained during phase-analytical studies of the Sr-Au-In system. This new indide is formed upon melting of the elements in a sealed tantalum tube. Sr5Au13.5In8.5 was characterized on the basis of powder and single-crystal X-ray diffraction: Pmmn, a = 476.37(9), b = 2927.5(9), c = 894.9(2) pm, wR2 = 0.056, 2355 F2 values, 87 variables. The structure is of a new type. The gold and indium atoms build up a complex three-dimensional [Au13.5In8.5] polyanionic network in which the strontium atoms fill channels which extend in the a direction. One site within the polyanion shows Au/In mixing. The Sr5Au13.5In8.5 structure is composed of SrAu3In3 -and SrAu-related slabs
Synthesis, Characterization and Crystal Structure of a Binuclear Cadmium Iodide Complex with a Multi-N-donor Oxazolidine Ligand
Authors: Hakimi Mohammad , Mardani Zahra , Moeini Keyvan , Minoura Mao , Raissi Heidar
Published: February 2015

The ligand, 2-(2-(pyridin-2-yl)oxazolidin-3-yl)-N-(pyridin-2-ylmethylene)ethanamine, POPME, was prepared via microwave-supported Schiff base and oxazolidination reactions. The cadmium iodide complex [Cd2(POPME)(μ-I)2I2] was prepared and identified by elemental analysis, IR, Raman and 1H and 13C NMR spectroscopy and single-crystal X-ray diffraction. In the crystal structure two Cd(II) ions with coordination numbers four and six are bridged by two iodide anions. Cd1 and Cd2 have distorted octahedral CdI2N4 and tetrahedral CdI4 geometries, respectively.Weak intermolecular hydrogen bonds H・ ・ ・I and H・ ・ ・O stabilize the supramolecular network
Hydrothermal Synthesis and Structure of Two 1-D Organic HybridMetal Sulfates
Authors: Liu Xing , Zhou Jian , Hu Feilong , Yuan Weijin , Huang Zhiwei
Published: February 2015

Two new complex copper(II) sulfates [Cu(1,10-phen)(H2O)2]SO4 (1, 1,10-phen = 1,10-phenanthroline) and [Cu(2,2′-bipy)(H2O)2]SO4 (2, 2,2′-bipy = 2,2′-bipyridine) have been hydrothermally synthesized and characterized by IR spectroscopy, elemental analysis, thermogravimetric analysis, and X-ray crystallography. 1 and 2 consist of complex cations [Cu(1,10-phen/2,2′-bipy)(H2O)2]2+ and SO4
2− anions, which are interconnected via weak Cu・ ・ ・O interactions to form rare examples of 1-D metal sulfates
Polysulfonylamine, CXCII [1]. Polynäre Verbindungen aus Di(4-fluorbenzolsulfonyl) amin (FAH), 1,1,3-Trimethylharnstoff (TrMU) und Dimethylamin (Me2NH): Bildung und Strukturen des Cokristalls FAH·TrMU (Z′ = 1), des Salzes Me2NH2 +·FA– (Z′ = 6) und des Salz-Cokristalls FAH·TrMU·Me2NH2 +·FA– (Z′ = 1). Bemerkungen zur Oxophobie von C–F-Gruppen in Kristallstrukturen / Polysulfonylamines, CXCII. Polynary Compounds Based upon Di(4-fluorobenzenesulfonyl)amine (FAH), 1,1,3-Trimethylurea (TrMU) and Dimethylamine (Me2NH): Formation and Structures of the Cocrystal FAH·TrMU (Z′ = 1), the Salt Me2 NH2 +·FA− (Z′ = 6) and the Salt Cocrystal FAH·TrMU·Me2NH2 +·FA− (Z′ = 1). Comments on the Oxophobia of C–F Groups in Crystal Structures
Authors: Wölper Christoph , Rodríguez-Gimeno Alejandra , Iborra Katherine Chulvi , Dix Ina , Freytag Matthias , Jones Peter G. , Blaschette Armand
Published: February 2015

Cocrystallization of di(4-fluorobenzenesulfonyl)amine, (4-F-C6H4SO2)2NH (= FAH), with 1,3,3- trimethylurea (TrMU) from dichloromethane/petroleum ether afforded the molecular cocrystal FAH・TrMU (1, monoclinic, P21/n, Z′ = 1) and the salt cocrystal FAH・TrMU・Me2NH2
+・FA− (2, monoclinic, P21, Z′ = 1). The minor product 2 resulted from a hydrolysis reaction of TrMU and was obtained by serendipity. The salt component of 2, Me2NH2
+・FA− (3, monoclinic, C2, Z′ = 6), was prepared by metathesis of [Me2NH2]Cl with Ag[FA] and is not isomorphous to its previously reported congeners Me2NH2
+・(4-X-C6H4SO2)2N− (4 - 7 for X = Cl, Br, I or Me, all monoclinic, Cc, Z′ = 1). The three new structures display one-dimensional arrays (catemers) based upon classical two- or three-centre hydrogen bonds that use N-H or N+-H groups as donors and S=O, C=O or N− groups as acceptors. In 1, the catemers consist of alternating FAH and TrMU molecules, in 3 of alternating Me2NH2
+ and FA− ions (six independent formula units), in 2 of alternating Me2NH2
+ and FA− ions (one independent unit) and FAH・ ・ ・ TrMU・ ・ ・ heterodimers acting as side-groups to the ionic polymer. The packings of 1 - 3 are completely devoid of short fluorine-oxygen contacts below the van derWaals limit, as are all the known crystal structures containing FAH or FA− entities (“oxophobia” of the C-F groups). The Z′ = 6 structure of 3 may be interpreted as a stratagem to avoid short F・ ・ ・O contacts, in contrast to the Z′ = 1 structures of 4 - 6, which exhibit hydrogen-bonded ion catemers similar to the catemer of 3, and two halogen bonds C-X・ ・ ・O=S per formula unit
Magnetic and Mössbauer Spectroscopic Characterization of EuNi2Sb2
Authors: Schellenberg Inga , Eul Matthias , Pöttgen Rainer
Published: February 2015

ThCr2Si2-type EuNi2Sb2 (I4/mmm, a = 438.1(1), c = 1068.1(4) pm) was synthesized by arc-melting of the elements. Magnetic susceptibility measurements show Curie- Weiss behavior with an experimental magnetic moment of 8.03(1) μB/Eu atom, indicating stable divalent europium. EuNi2Sb2 orders antiferromagnetically at TN = 5.8(1) K. A 151 Eu Mössbauer spectrum at 4.2 K shows two spectral components with hyperfine fields of 19.1 and 12.9 T, indicative of different magnetically ordered domains
Barbituric Acid Utility in Multi-Component Reactions
Authors: Shaker Raafat M. , Ishak Esam A.
Published: February 2015

This review describes the multi-component reactions of barbituric acid derivatives as building blocks for the synthesis of heterocyclic compounds with pharmacological interest
2-Thiophenecarbohydrazides: A Novel Efficient Method for the Synthesis of 2-Thiophenecarbohydrazide
Authors: Elshaarawy Reda F. M. , Janiak Christoph
Published: February 2015

Hydrazinolysis of carboxylic acid esters in alcoholic solutions is the standard method for preparing carbohydrazides (carboxylic hydrazides). Here we report an efficient process, involving the reaction of activated esters or amides with hydrazine, for the preparation of thiophenecarbohydrazides in yields larger than 90% and high purity. With this new method, a series of heteroaryl-, aryl-, or aralkyl- substituted carbohydrazides were synthesized and characterized. The X-ray crystal structure of 2-thiophenecarbohydrazide (thiophene-2-carboxylic hydrazide, 2-thenoyl-hydrazine) has revealed that it crystallizes in the monoclinic system, space group P21/c, with cell parameters of a = 6.1202(2), b = 8.3907(3), c = 12.5332(5) Å, β = 98.6577(11)°, Z = 4, R(F) = 0.0455 and wR(F2) = 0.1805, T = 293 K.
NQR, DSC, and X-Ray Structure Studies of Pyridinium Tetrabromozincate and Pyridinium Tetrabromocadmate (C5H5NH)2MBr4 · nH2O (M = Zn and Cd; n = 0, 1); Phase Transitions and Weak Hydrogen Bond Interactions
Authors: Ishihara Hideta , Hatano Naoko , Horiuchi Keizo , Terao Hiromitsu , Svoboda Ingrid , Fuess Hartmut
Published: February 2015

Crystals of pyridinium tetrabromozincate and pyridinium tetrabromocadmate were obtained as monohydrates and anhydrous compounds. The crystal structure of metastable (C5H5NH)2- CdBr4・H2O was determined at 300(2) K; triclinic space group P1̄ with a = 7.875(2), b = 8.151(1), and c = 16.356(2) Å, α = 79.260(10), β = 86.030(10), and γ = 61.440(10)°, Z = 2. All compounds except for stable (C5H5NH)2CdBr4・H2O gave four 81Br NQR lines at temperatures between 77 and around 325 K. The stable (C5H5NH)2CdBr4・H2O undergoes a first-order phase transition at TC = 116 K. Four 81Br NQR lines below TC merged into two with equal intensities above TC, indicating a 180° flip motion of water molecules in the r. t. phase. The 81Br NQR lines of the two anhydrous compounds faded out around 325 K probably due to the reorientational motion of ZnBr4
2− or CdBr4
2− ions. The respective two 81Br NQR lines of the hydrates exhibited anomalous positive temperature dependence. This is considered to be induced by a weakening in the interionic C-H・ ・ ・Br hydrogen bonds with increasing temperature. The DSC measurements of the anhydrous compounds have revealed phase transitions above r. t. The thermal behavior of (C5H5NH)2CdBr4 is complicated by the formation of metastable forms.
Ce2[MoO5][MoO4] and Ce5[MoO4]8: Two New Cerium Oxomolybdates, Each Exhibiting a Special Structural Feature
Authors: Schustereit Tanja , Schleid Thomas , Hartenbach Ingo
Published: February 2015

Ce2[MoO5][MoO4] crystallizes monoclinically in space group P21/c (a = 2241.98(9), b = 712.95(3), c = 2044.19(8) pm, β = 116.936(2), Z = 16). Besides eight crystallographically different Ce3+ cations with coordination numbers ranging from seven plus one to ten, its structure contains two isolated oxomolybdate(VI) species, namely [MoO4]2− tetrahedra and [MoO5]4− trigonal bipyramids and square pyramids. The oxygen polyhedra around the Ce3+ cations build up a three-dimensional ∞
3 {[Ce2O9]12−} network by vertex-, edge-, and face-connections with the Mo6+ cations residing in tetrahedral, square-pyramidal, and trigonal-bipyramidal voids therein. Ce5[MoO4]8 also crystallizes monoclinically in space group P21/c (a = 1133.14(5), b = 1704.96(7), c = 1406.21(6) pm, β = 90.749(2)° Z = 4). In its structure eight isolated [MoO4]2− tetrahedra are present, which display an overall negative charge of −16. To maintain electroneutrality, mixed-valency of the five crystallographically independent cerium cations must be considered. A thorough bond-valence analysis reveals cerium at the Ce1 site as tetravalent, while the other four cerium cations prove to be trivalent. The polyhedra around all cerium cations form chains with a V-shaped profile along [100] via vertex-, edge-, and face-connections to result in a sawblade pattern. These chains are interlocked into sheets parallel to the (001) plane and linked by the Mo6+ cations to form a three-dimensional network.
Secondary Metabolites from a Streptomyces Strain Isolated from Livingston Island, Antarctica
Authors: Ivanova Veneta , Oriol Monica , Montes Maria-Jesus , García Angela , Guinea Jesus
Published: February 2015

The producing strain Streptomyces sp. 1010 was isolated from a shallow sea sediment from the region of Livingston Island, Antarctica. From the culture broth of this strain naturally active secondary metabolites were isolated identical to phthalic acid diethylester (C12H1404, MW.222); 1, 3-bis (3-phenoxyphenoxy)benzene (C30H22O4 , MW.446); hexaned ioic acidd ioctylester (C22H42O4 , MW.370) and the new substance 2-amino-9, 13 -dimethylheptad ecanoic acid (C19H39NO2 , MW.313). These compounds represent diverse classes of chemical struc­tures and provideevidence for the untapped biosynthetic potential of marine bacteria from Antarctica.
Neodictyoprolenol and Dictyoprolenol, the Possible Biosynthetic Intermediates of Dictyopterenes, in the Japanese Brown Algae Dictyopteris
Authors: Yamamoto Yuuko , Akakabe Yoshihiko , M atsui Kenji , Shimizu Hiroshi , Kajiwara Tadahiko
Published: February 2015

Neodictyoprolenol [(-)-(3 S )-(1,5 Z, 8Z)-undecatrien-3-ol] and dictyoprolenol [ (-) - ( 3 S ) - (1,5 Z , 8Z )-undecadien-3-ol]), which had been proposed as possible biosynthetic intermediates of the sex pheromones of marine brown algae such as dictyopterene B [(-)-trans-1- ((1'E,3' Z )-hexadienyl)-2-vinylcyclopropane], D ' [(+ )-6 -((1' Z )-butenyl)-1,4 -cycloheptadiene] and C' [(+ )-6-butyl-1,4-cycloheptadiene], were again identified in the essential oils from Dictyopteris prolifera, D. latiscula, and in D. undulata, together with the C11-related volatile compounds such as neodictyoprolene, dictyoprolene and dictyopterenes. Incubation of D. prolifela preparation with racemic neodictyoprolenol and dictyoprolenol as substrates showed (S)-enantioselective decreases of the added substrates and increases in dictyopterenes. From these results, a possible pathway to form dictyopterenes is discussed.
New Semisynthetic Antimicrobial Labdane-Type Diterpenoids Derived from the Resin “Ladano” of Cistus creticus
Authors: Kalpoutzaki Eleftherios , Aligiannis Nektarios , Mitaku Sofia , Harvala Catherine , Skaltsounis Alexios-Leandros
Published: February 2015

The antimicrobial activity of fifteen semisynthetic labdane-type diterpenes derived from the two major natural compounds 3 and 4 of the resin "ladano" of Cistus creticus is reported. The chloroethyl carbamidic esters 15 and 20 showed the strongest antimicrobial activity against Gram (+), Gram (-) bacteria and pathogenic fungi.
Phase Response Curve for the Ultradian Rhythm of the Lateral Leaflets of Desmodium gyrans Using DC Current Pulses
Authors: Sharma Vijay Kumar , Jensen Christer , Johnsson Anders
Published: February 2015

In the present study the leaf movement rhythm was perturbed by the application of DC current pulses 15 μA, 10 seconds, voltage applied: 10 V) to the upper part of the pulvinus, passing through the pulvinus and its stalk. The pulses were applied at four different positions of the leaflets: when the leaves were at the lowermost position, when moving up, at the uppermost position and when moving down. The pre-perturbed and the post-perturbed rhythms were compared. We found that the rhythms were shifted in phase and the phase shifts observed at the four different positions of the leaflets were significantly different in magnitude as well as direction. Furthermore, we could also observe phase advances, which is in contrast to an earlier finding. A phase response curve (PRC) was constructed to illustrate the sensitivity of the oscillating leaflet system to DC pulses. Substantial delays of about 50 s (as compared to the period of about 200 s) were obtained when pulses were administered at the lowermost position and when leaflet were moving upwards, while advances or no phase shifts were recorded in the uppermost position and when leaflet were moving down respectively.
Influence of Food and Larval Age on the Defensive Chemistry of Satumia pyri
Authors: Deml Reinhold
Published: February 2015

Scolus secretions and hemolymph of caterpillars of Satumia pyri fed with two different foodplants (Crataegus monogyna, Prunus spinosa) were chemically analyzed and their chemical similarities determined. The secondary-compound patterns obtained for the two body fluids showed no significant differences when compared between the two groups of alterna­ tively fed last-instar larvae. Thus, the composition of these fluids of full-grown caterpillars is not influenced by the larval diet. However, younger larvae on P. spinosa revealed a diversity of compounds differing significantly from that of larger caterpillars fed with either C. mono­gyna (both body fluids) or P. spinosa (hemolymph only). This indicates that, on the one hand, the hemolymph composition is adapted to the changing physiological requirements of the given instars whereas, on the other hand, the defensive mixtures remain unaltered in the late larval instars due to a constant spectrum of potential enemies.
Phenolic Acids and Depsides from Some Species of the Erodium Genera
Authors: Fecka Izabela , Kowalczyk Adam , Cisowski Wojciech
Published: February 2015

Six natural polyphenolic compounds, brevifolin carboxylic acid, brevifolin, ellagic acid, methyl gallate, gallic acid and protocatechuic acid have been isolated from the methanol extract of the whole plant of Erodium cicutarium (L.) L.’Herit. (Geraniaceae). Structures were determined by conventional methods of analysis and confirmed by MS and NMR spectral analysis. The distribution of these compounds in the other species of the Erodium genera (E. botrys, E. chium, E. ciconium, E. cicutarium, E. glutinosum subsp. dunense, E. gruinum, E. manescavi, E. pelargoniiflorum, E. petraeum ) were examined by HPLC with a RP-18 column, and MGD-TLC methods on unmodified silica gel and silica gel chemically modified with polar and nonpolar groups (HPTLC-Si 60 LiChrospher, HPTLC-NH2, HPTLC-DIOL, HPTLC RP-18W).
Chemistry of New Zealand Apiaceae: A Rare Phenylpropanoid and Three New Germacrane Derivatives from Anisotome lyallii
Authors: Zidorn Christian , Perry Nigel B.
Published: February 2015

A phytochemical investigation of the New Zealand endemic Apiaceae species Anisotome lyallii Hook.f. yielded (+)-α-angeloyloxylatifolone (1), 6-0-angeloyl-8-0-tigloyl-6β,8α,11-trihydroxygermacra- 1(10)E,4E-diene (2), 6-O-tigloyl-8-O-tigloyl-6β,8α,11-trihydroxygermacral( 10)E,4E-diene (3) and 6-O-tigloyl-8-O-tigloyl-la,6β,8α,11-tetrahydroxygermacra-4E,10- (14)diene (4). The structures were elucidated by HR mass spectrometry and 1D- and 2DNMR spectroscopy. A chemosystematic survey for compounds 1 - 3 in other New Zealand Apiaceae by HPLC-MS revealed that 1 - 3 were confined to A. haastii Cockayne & Laing and A. lyallii, and that some minor compounds in other species of Anisotome were isomers of 2 and 3.
Sesquiterpenoids and Phenolics from Crepis conyzifolia
Authors: Kisiel Wanda , Michalska Klaudia
Published: February 2015

From the roots of Crepis conyzifolia, two new and two known guaianolides were isolated together with three known phenylpropanoids. Structures of the new compounds were estab­lished as 8β-hydroxy-4β, 15-dihydrozaluzanin C and 4β, 15, 11β, 13-tetrahydrozaluzanin C-3-O-β-glucopyranoside by spectral methods. The identity of 8 -epiisolippidiol and dentalactone was also discussed.
Chromene Chalcones from Tephrosia carrollii and the Revised Structure of Oaxacacin
Authors: Gómez-Garibay Federico , Arciniega Minarda De La O , Céspedes Carlos L. , Taboada Javier , Calderón José S.
Published: February 2015

The aerial parts of Tephrosia carrollii afforded two chromene chalcones. Their structures and stereochemistry were established by spectroscopic methods. The structure of oaxacacin was revised and confirmed by X-ray diffraction. In this paper, we describe the isolation of the chalcone known as "oaxacacin" and the new chalcone named epoxyobovatachalcone. The compound der. oaxacacin was found to be identical with obovatachalcone based on spectroscopic evidence and X-ray diffraction.
Limnantheoside C (20-Hydroxyecdysone 3-O-β-ᴅ-glucopyranosyl- [1→3]-β-ᴅ-xylopyranoside), a Phytoecdysteroid from Seeds of Limnanthes alba (Limnanthaceae)
Authors: Meng Yanhui , Whiting Pensri , Šik Vladimir , Rees Huw H. , Dinan Laurence
Published: February 2015

A new ecdysteroid glycoside, lim nantheoside C (20-hydroxyecdysone 3-O-β-ᴅ-glucopyra-nosyl-[→3]-β-ᴅ-xylopyranoside [1]), together with limnantheoside A (20-hydroxyecdysone 3-O-β-ᴅ-xylopyranoside [2]) and 20-hydroxyecdysone (3) have been isolated by bioassay/RIA-directed HPLC analyses of a methanol extract of the seedmeal of Limnanthes alba Hartw. ex Benth. The structure of the novel ecdysteroid glycoside (1) was determined unambigu­ously by UV, LSIMS and a combination of ID -and 2D-NMR experiments. These three compounds are isolated from Limnanthes alba for the first time.
Chemical Composition and Biological Activities of the Black Sea Algae Polysiphonia denudata (Dillw.) Kutz. and Polysiphonia denudata f. fragilis (Sperk) Woronich
Authors: Rosa Salvatore De , Kamenarska Zornitsa , Bankova Vassya , Stefanov Kamen , Dimitrova-Konaklieva Stefka , Najdenski Hristo , Tzevtkova Iva , Popov Simeon
Published: February 2015

The two investigated algae had almost identical sterol composition, but there were signifi­cant differences in the com position of the polar components and especially in the composi­tion of the volatiles. P. denudata f. fragilis extracts possessed a stronger biological activity (antibacterial, antifungal and toxicity against Artemia salina). Despite the minute morpholog­ical differences between the two algae, we recommend P. denudata f. fragilis to be regarded as P. denudata subsp. fragilis.
Properties of Chlorophyllase from Capsicum annuum L. Fruits
Authors: Hornero-Méndez Dámaso , Mínguez-Mosquera María Isabel
Published: February 2015

The in vitro properties of semi-purified chlorophyllase (chlorophyll-chlorophyllido hy­drolase, EC 3.1.1.14) from Capsicum annuum fruits have been studied. The enzym e showed an optimum of activity at pH 8.5 and 50 °C. Substrate specificity was studied for chlorophyll (Chi) a, Chi b, pheophytin (Phe) a and Phe b, with Km values of 10.70, 4.04, 2.67 and 6.37 μᴍ respectively. Substrate inhibition was found for Phe b at concentrations higher than 5 μᴍ. Chlorophyllase action on Chi a' and Chi b' was also studied but no hydrolysis was observed, suggesting that the mechanism of action depends on the configuration at C-132 in the chloro­ phyll molecule, with the enzyme acting only on compounds with R132 stereochemistry. The effect of various metals (Mg2+, Hg2+, Cu2+, Zn2+, Co , Fe2+ and Fe3+) was also investigated, and a general inhibitory effect was found, this being more marked for Hg2+ and Fe2+. Func­tional groups such as -SH and -S-S-seem ed to participate in the formation o f the enzyme-substrate complex. Chelating ion and the carbonyl group at C3 appeared to be important in substrate recognition by the enzyme. The method for measuring Chlase activity, including HPLC separation of substrate and product, has been optimized.
Production and Properties of a Bacterial Thermostable Exo-inulinase
Authors: Uzunova Kristina , Vassileva Anna , Kambourova Margarita , Ivanova Viara , Spasova Dimitrina , Mandeva Rositza , Derekova Anna , Tonkova Alexandra
Published: February 2015

Enzyme production of newly isolated thermophilic inulin-degrading Bacillus sp. 11 strain was studied by batch cultivation in a fermentor. The achieved inulinase and invertase activi­ ties after a short growth time (4.25 h) were similar or higher compared to those reported for other mesophilic aerobic or anaerobic thermophilic bacterial producers and yeasts. The investigated enzyme belonged to the exo-type inulinases and splitted-off inulin, sucrose and raffinose. It could be used at temperatures above 65 °C and pH range 5.5-7.5. The obtained crude enzyme preparation possessed high thermostability. The residual inulinase and inver­ tase activities were 92-98% after pretreatment at 65 °C for 60 min in the presence of substrate inulin.
Photosynthetic Pigments, Photosynthesis and Plastid Ultrastructure in RbcS Antisense DNA Mutants of Tobacco {Nicotiana tabacum)
Authors: Sehoefs Benoît , Darko Eva , Rodermel Steve
Published: February 2015

RbcS antisense DNA mutants of tobacco have reduced amounts of ribulose bisphosphate carboxylase oxygenase (Rubisco). We found that carotenoid and chlorophyll contents decrease in parallel as Rubisco is decreased, however, pigment levels are not significantly altered until Rubisco levels are reduced sharply. The mutants have normal Chi a /Chi b ratios and normal plastid ultrastructures, suggesting that reductions in Rubisco do not dramatically alter the composition of the thylakoid membranes. Nevertheless, chlorophyll fluorescence measurements, in which developmentally homogenous leaves were sampled, showed that there is reduced photosynthetic capacity of PSII and an enhanced photosensitivity in the mutants, especially in transgenics with severe reductions in Rubisco content. Support for this conclusion comes from several observations; 1) light saturation occurs at a lower light inten­ sity in the mutants, resulting in an earlier closure of PS II (lower photochemical quenching); 2) the mutants have reduced photosynthetic efficiency (lower ΔF/Fm'); and 3) the mutants have a slower recovery of Fv/Fm. We found that acclimation to increasing light intensies in the mutants appears to involve an enhanced inactivation of PSII reaction centers as well as an increased activation of photoprotective mechanisms, notably an engagement of the xanthophyll cycle at lower than normal light intensities. We conclude that the photosensitivity of the antisense mutants is due, in part, to a limitation in Rubisco activation state.
Relaxation of Water Protons in Highly Concentrated Aqueous Protein Systems Studied by NMR Spectroscopy
Authors: Szuminska Katarzyna , Gutsze Aleksander , Kowalczyk Andrzej
Published: February 2015

In this paper we present proton spin-lattice ( T1) and spin-spin ( T2) relaxation times measured vs. concentration, temperature, pulse interval (τCPMG) as well as 1H NMR spectral measurements in a wide range of concentrations of bovine serum albumin (B SA ) solutions. The anomalous relaxation behaviour of the water protons, similar to that observed in mammalian lenses, was found in the two most concentrated solutions (44% and 46% ). The functional dependence of the spin-spin relaxation time vs. τCPMG pulse interval and the values of the motional activation parameters obtained from the temperature dependencies of spinlattice relaxation times suggest that the water molecule mobility is reduced in these systems. The slow exchange process on the T2 time scale is proposed to explain the obtained data. The proton spectral measurements support the hypothesis of a slow exchange mechanism in the highest concentrated solutions. From the analysis of the shape of the proton spectra the mean exchange times between bound and bulk water proton groups (τex) have been estimated for the range of the highest concentrations (30% - 46% ). The obtained values are of the order of milliseconds assuring that the slow exchange condition is fulfilled in the most concentrated samples.
The First Glycosides Isolated from Propolis: Diterpene Rhamnosides
Authors: Popova Milena , Bankova Vassya , Tsvetkova Iva , Naydenski Christo , Silva Mario Vides
Published: February 2015

Two diterpene glycosides, ent8(17)-labden-15-O-α-ʟ-rhamnoside and ent-8(17)-labden-15-O-(3′-O-acetyl)-α-ʟ-rhamnoside (new natural compounds) were isolated from propolis from El Salvador. The compounds showed significant antibacterial activity and moderate toxicity to Artemia salina nauplii. These are the first glycosides reported in bee glue.
Identification of Odoriferous Compounds from Adults of a Swallowtail Butterfly, Papilio machaon (Lepidoptera: Papilionidae)
Authors: Ômura Hisashi , Honda Keiichi , Hayashi Nanao
Published: February 2015

Adults, particularly males, of a papilionid butterfly, Papilio machaon hippocrates, emit a fairly strong scent perceivable by humans. We have identified a variety of volatile compounds (hydrocarbons, alcohols, aldehydes, ketones, esters, and so on) from the wings and bodies of both sexes of the butterfly. Male wings secreted n-dodecane, linalool and geranylacetone as major components together with small amounts of camphene, limonene, p-cymene, 2 -phenylethanol, n-hexanal, n-decanal, isoamyl acetate, p-allylanisole, 2 -pyrrolidone and other characteristic volatiles. The overall profile of volatile compounds detected from male body was quite different from that of the wings. Male body was devoid of camphene, 2-phenyletha-nol, n-hexanal but instead contained limonene, acetoin, a sesquiterpene hydrocarbon (C15H24), methyl n-octanoate, (E,E)-hepta-2,4-dienal, and another isomer of heptadienal as principal components, of which the last four compounds were specific to the body. All these substances seem to concurrently characterize the male odor. The chemical patterns of com­ pounds found from female wings and body were essentially the same in quality as those of male wings and body, respectively, although their quantities in females were generally smaller than in males. Females, however, had a larger amount of acetamide than males. The chemical compositions of volatiles from the fore and hind wings of males were not greatly different from each other, and every component was considered to be present on all parts of the wings. This suggests that the scent-producing organs or scent-emitting pores are widely distributed on the whole wings. EA G responses of both sexes to 12 selected compounds identified from the butterfly were not strong at a dose of 1 μg, while both sexes showed relatively stronger responses to n-nonanal, methyl n-octanoate, D-limonene and linalool at a higher dose (10 [μg). Although sexual difference in EAG response was not prominent, females appeared a little more sensitive, and n-nonanal and acetoin evoked significantly higher responses from females at 1 μg.
Pancreatic Phospholipase A2 - Mediated Enhancement of the Respiratory Burst Response of Human Neutrophils
Authors: Müller Julia , Petković Marijana , Schiller Jürgen , Arnhold Jürgen
Published: February 2015

The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of exogenously added pancreatic phos-pholipase A2 (pPLA2) on the production of reactive oxygen species by human polymorpho­ nuclear leukocytes (PMNs). Pancreatic PLA2 was used because PMNs do not possess a re­ ceptor for that enzyme and, therefore, the receptor-mediated effects could be excluded. Respiratory burst activity of PMNs was monitored by luminol-amplified chemiluminescence and the lipid composition of neutrophils after treatment with pPLA2 was determined by matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionisation time-of-flight mass spectrometry. Our results show that the products of the pPLA2 digestion of the PMN membrane -lysophospholipids and the corresponding free fatty acids -significantly enhanced the respiratory burst response of human neutrophils.
Sesquiterpenoids from the Roots of Solanum aethiopicum
Authors: Nagase Hiroshi , Nagaoka Toshinori , Watanabe Ayako , Sakata Yoshiteru , Yoshihara Teruhiko
Published: February 2015

, 2001 Three new sesquiterpenoids, lubiminoic acid, epilubiminoic acid and aethione, and six known sesquiterpenoids, solavetivone, 3β-hydroxysolavetivone, 13-hydroxysolavetivone, an-hydro-β-rotunol, epilubimin and lubimin, were isolated from roots of S. aethiopicum L. Their structures were elucidated by spectroscopic data.