bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
THE INFLUENCE OF SOCIAL ECONOMIC FACTORS ON THE INCREASING INCIDENCES OF BURNS AMONG ADULT PATIENTS ADMITTED IN THE KENYATTA NATIONAL HOSPITAL BURNS UNIT
Authors: Amakobe Nelly C , Moronge Dr. Makori
Published: January 2021

Purpose: The purpose of the study was to establish the influence of social economic factors on the increasing incidences of burns among adult patients admitted in the Kenyatta National Hospital Burns Unit.Methodology: The population of this research consisted of all patients in the burns unit at Kenyatta hospital. The study used primary data in particular used questionnaires. The questionnaire consisted of structured closed ended statements. Data was analyzed using Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS) mainly by use of descriptive statistics. Descriptive statistics included mode, mean, median, standard deviation. Data was presented by use of graphs, pie charts and tables.Results: The study findings indicated that there has been an increase in number of patients with burns which is associated with various social economic factors causing the increased incidences among the patients. Unique contribution to theory, practice and policy: From the study findings the researcher  recommend that it’s important to educate the  citizens in order to make them more aware of the dangers associated with various factors such as illegal electricity connection and lack of access roads.  In doing this more cases of fire would be reduced and reduce loss of lives and property in more fire prone areas. The study also recommends that the Government through the Ministry of Public Health and Sanitation should impart knowledge related to the burns especially on how people can take preventive measures and emergency measures against fire outbreak.
ADOPTION OF OCCUPATIONAL SAFETY AND HEALTH PRACTICES AMONG HEALTH CARE WORKERS IN KENYAN PUBLIC REFERRAL HOSPITALS
Authors: Nyariki Kemunto Caroline , Chirchir Kimeli Matthew
Published: January 2021

among health care workers in Kenyan public referral hospitals, especially to establish the place of health care worker training, personal protective equipment, occupational safety and health standards in influencing adoption of occupational safety and health practices.Methodology: The cross-sectional survey research study was based on data from 80 medical staff collected using a structured questionnaire from Baringo county referral hospital in Kenya. Data was diagnostically screened to determine Measure of Sampling Adequacy through Kaiser-Meyer-Olkin (KMO) and Bartlett’s test of sphericity for detection of adequacy of correlations between the variables. Factor analysis was used as a dimensions reduction technique to identify predictors and principal components that accounted most for adoption of occupations safety and health practices among health care workers while Wald Chi-square test of model fit was used to determine if predictors in the principal components significantly influenced adoption of occupational safety and health practices while regression analysis was used to determine the relationship between principal components established through factor analysis.Findings: The study concluded that from the total of 20 factors under study, seven factors accounted most in determining adoption of occupational safety and health practices among health care workers in Kenyan public referral hospitals; they are staffed capacity building through training, implementation of safety and health guidelines, wearing of safety gear, provision of standard operating procedures on PPEs, training needs analysis, provision of information to staff on guidelines and sensitization on risks.Unique contributions to practice and policy: The study recommends that, County Executive Committee member for health through the Medical Superintendent should make necessary budgetary allocations towards staff training, organize and implement specialized training in occupational safety and health for their staff as a matter of priority. The medical superintendent should put in place a robust mechanism that ensures consistent implementation of safety and health guidelines in their facilities. He should further cause an audit of PPEs and ensure deficits on PPEs are included in the next and subsequent financial year procurement plan. The Human Resource Officers should on continuous basis utilizing continuous education approach, organise staff sensitization particularly to sensitize staff on wearing of safety gear, standard operating procedures on PPEs and preview of applicable guidelines and sensitization on risks.
SONOGRAPHIC INCIDENCE AND EXTENT OF LOWER LIMB DEEP VENOUS THROMBOSIS IN HOSPTILISED PATEINTS OF TERTIARY CARE HOSPITAL
Authors: Saleem Muhammad , Samuel Mahrukh , Asifullah Asifullah , Shabbir Faizan , Zamir Namra , Manzoor Iqra , Sadiq Dr. Ilyas , Fatima Mehreen , Gillani Yousaf
Published: January 2021

Purpose: The aim of our study was to determine the incidence and extent of deep venous thrombosis in hospitalized patient of tertiary care hospital.Methodology: This was observational cross sectional study. The data of patients had been collected from Jinnah hospital Lahore, Pakistan. After taking informed consent, data was collected through the Doppler ultrasound which was performed for lower limb in symptomatic patients. Equipment used was TOSHIBA Xario (200) with linear probe frequency ranging from 7-10 MHz. The data analysis was performed with the help of SPSS version 24.Findings: Total 124 patients were included in this study in which the mean age of the patient was 45.38 ± 16.846 with a range of 14-90 years. The Mean weight of patients was = 70.31±9.285 with the range 48­-90kg. The females were 56 and males were 68 in number included in this study. Out of 124 patients, right leg DVT present in 44(35.5%), and left leg DVT present in 74(59.7%), and bilateral DVT present in 6(4.8%) of patients. Unique contribution to theory, practice and policy: It was concluded that age plays a significant role in the development of DVT. Patients with acute DVT have hypoechoic thrombus while the chronic DVT have hyperechoic echogenicity. DVT was most commonly seen in the left leg in comparison with right leg. Ultrasound is the best modality in the detection of DVT.
FACTORS AFFECTING NURSES' CAREER DEVELOPMENT AND ITS RELATION TO TURNOVER INTENTION
Authors: Elmagd Nahed Shawkat Abo , Mohamed Ebtsam Ahmed
Published: January 2021

Purpose: The aim of the study was to identify factors affecting nurses' career development and its relation to turnover intention.Methodology: Correlation comparative research design was done to fulfill the aim of this study. The study was conducted at Assiut university Hospitals and Minia university Hospitals. A representative sample 50% from staff nurses at Assiut university Hospitals and Minia university Hospitals (n=938). Two tools was used for collecting data for this study, career Development Questionnaire and Modified Anticipated Turnover Scale (ATS).Results: Affirmed that the majority of staff nurses at the Assiut university hospitals had the highest percentage regarding factors affecting career development, and had the lowest percentage regarding turnover intention than the staff nurses at Minia university hospital.Conclusion: There were negative correlations between factors affecting nurses' career development and turnover intention among Assiut staff nurses. While, there were positive correlations between factors affecting nurses' career development and turnover intention among Minia staff nurse.Recommendation: Administrative authority should provide support and resources, in-services training programs; opportunities to upgrade career development; and develop effective strategies to improve the staff nurses satisfaction and reduce their intention to leave.
KNOWLEDGE, ATTITUDE AND PRACTICE REGARDING EPILEPSY AMONG NURSES IN ASUTIFI NORTH DISTRICT
Authors: Asare Richard Opoku , Yiadom Akwasi Boakye , Aryee Paul Armah
Published: January 2021

Purpose: To assess the knowledge, attitude and practice regarding epilepsy among nurses within the Asutifi North District with the aim of understanding their subjective experiences and knowledge on epilepsy in a sociocultural context and how their attitude shape their practice towards people with epilepsy. Methodology: The study employed an exploratory descriptive cross-sectional design. The study population consisted of nurses who have been licensed by the Nursing and Midwifery Council of Ghana and working in government facilities. The exclusion criteria were private health facilities, non-trained health professionals and other health professionals without nursing background, and student nurses on clinical attachment during the period of study in the district. Multistage sampling technique was used to select the study participants from the communities. A standard statistical formula was used to arrive at a sample size of 102. Data was collected by using a semi-structured questionnaire. Descriptive statistics involving frequencies and percentages were used in representing data. Responses on other items were cross-tabulated. The statistical tool that was used for analyzing the data was by STATA version 12.Results: Findings showed that 67.7% (69/102) of the nurses were aware of the causes of epilepsy, 59.8% have low level of knowledge on the disease. Though 82.4% of the nurses suspect people with epilepsy to have mental illness, 70.6% of the nurses had positive attitude towards epilepsy. However, 52.9% exhibited poor practices towards the disease. The socio-demographic characteristics of religion (Muslim) (p=0.017), area of specialty (RMN) (p=0.045) as well as close family relationship with epilepsy (p=0.001) were significantly associated with knowledge on epilepsy. Factors that were found to influence attitude towards epilepsy were sex (Female) (p=0.037), religion (Muslim) (p=0.012) and specialty area (RMN) (p=0.054). The area of specialty statistically influences their practices on epilepsy (p=0.001). There was no statistically significant association between knowledge on epilepsy and practice (p=0.134). However, attitude significantly related to practices on epilepsy (p=0.008) and indicated that negative attitude was more likely to be associated with poor practice.Conclusion: Nurses at the Asutifi North District tended to have low knowledge, positive attitude and poor practices on epilepsy.Recommendation: The Ghana Health Service in collaboration with the Ministry of Health should run intermediary workshops, at least every six months, to train nurses in epilepsy diagnoses to reduce the treatment gap. The health directorate should raise awareness and educate the communities on epilepsy to reduce stigma. Enhancing nursing education and training on epilepsy by the Ministry of Health and its agencies is imperative to improving health care delivery for people living with the disease.
PROGNOSIS OF PEDIATRIC NON HODGKIN LYMPHOMAS TREATED WITH FAB/LMB96 IN TERTIARY CENTER, SAUDI ARABIA
Authors: Shehadah Moussa Mohamed , Abdalla Khalid Abdalla , Mustafa Omima Abdullah , Elimam Naglla , Baothman Abdullah A.
Published: January 2021

Purpose: This study aimed at describing prognosis of pediatric B-NHL patients treated with FAB LMB-96 based protocol without dose modification, and to identify possible prognostic factors influencing the outcome and the treatment related toxicities.Methodology: Through a retrospective study design, the researchers traced 48 pediatric cases who had been diagnosed with Mature B-NHL and treated at Prince Nora Oncology Center (PNOC) in the period from January 2007 to December 2016.  Data were retrieved from the medical records, radiology images and pathology specimen for cases who met the inclusion criteria. For operational definition, cases were defined according to WHO classification, while staging was performed according to Murphy’s classification. Kaplan Meier survival function analysis was used to determine overall survival and Event Free Survival; and Chi Square test was used to verify significance in the differences according to characteristics of the cases.  Findings: Out of all cases (n=48), Saudis formed (85.4%) and male to female ratio was 2.4:1, with a median age at diagnosis of 5.6 years. Most of the cases were diagnosed as Burkitt’s lymphoma (87.5%), mainly in stage III (37.5%) and stage IV (39.6%), chiefly as primary abdominal retro-peritoneal tumors (47.9%). Almost all cases (97.9%) developed chemotherapy related hematologic toxicity and fever neutropenia, and one third (34.8%) had septic shock. At the end of follow-up (median=112 months), there were 40 patients (83.3%) achieved remission, out of them, 6 (12.5%) relapsed. Death was attributed to disease recurrence (3 cases) and treatment related toxicities (4 patients). No statistically significant difference detected in the overall and Event Free survival rates according to their age, gender, histology, biochemical markers, disease locations, staging and FAB group classifications (P >0.05).Conclusion and recommendations: Childhood non-Hodgkin lymphomas are almost all high grade and frequently extranodal. They fall mainly into the categories Burkitt lymphoma, lymphoblastic lymphoma and anaplastic large cell lymphoma. Our findings are comparable with those reported in other international trials
REVIEW ARTICLE: EPIDEMIOLOGY OF COVID’19
Authors: Courage Idahor , Oghenevwede Okuma , Gene-Genald Anugom , Gabriel Willie , Chukwunonso Akwazie   , Oyetayo Boluwatife
Published: January 2021

Purpose: To carefully review and understand the cause, distribution, progression, determinants and deterrents of COVID-19.

Methodology: Peer reviewed data relevant to study was collected from PubMed, Google Scholar, WHO database, Research gate and Wikipedia based on pre-set inclusion and exclusion criteria.

Findings: Covid-19 is a principally respiratory illness caused by the novel Corona Virus (SARS-CoV2). It started as an epidemic in Wuhan, China in December 2019, became a pandemic in March 2020 and have now infected almost 22 million people over 216 countries causing about three-quarter of a million deaths. It spreads primarily through droplets, aerosols or contact with contaminated surfaces. Illness is usually mild to moderate flu-like symptoms but can be asymptomatic as well as severe especially in patients with underlying co-morbidities. Testing can either be antigen based through polymerase chain reaction or antibody based.  Treatment is generally supportive while the efficacy of diverse pharmacological remains controversial. Public education, early diagnosis and isolation, restriction of gatherings and movements have been the main method used worldwide to tackle this outbreak.

Unique contribution to theory, practice and policy: Emphasizes the infectivity of SARS-CoV2 virus and need for health practitioners and general public to adhere strictly to preventive measures in order to avert a global second wave of the pandemic.

Conclusion: COVID-19 is an infectious disease that have rapidly spread from china to the world at large. A lot of efforts and policies have been made to prevent and control its spread. There’s need to adhere to guidelines in order to reduce spread and subsequent mortality especially amongst vulnerable groups. As many countries commence protocols to re-open, there’s need to do so in line with lessons learnt during this outbreak to avoid a more devastating second wave.
ASSESSMENT OF PATIENT SATISFACTION WITH AN E-FOLDER AND NON- E-FOLDER SYSTEMS IN TWO DISTRICT HOSPITALS IN THE EASTERN REGION OF GHANA
Authors: Tawiah Dorothy , Aryeetey Genevieve
Published: January 2021

Background: A patient satisfied with care will translate into increased facility utilization and reflect organizational efficiency. Among several listed indicators, waiting time on a visit and staff interaction with him/her is a lasting impression that affects the out-patients’ satisfaction. The E-folder is proposed as one of the measures of improving patient satisfaction at the outpatient clinic.

Objectives: This study assessed patient satisfaction at the outpatient department in an E- folder and non E-folder systems; specifically, average time spent by patients to assess full care, determine factors influencing patient waiting time, assess impact of electronic folder use on patient provider-relationship and patient’s satisfaction with care.

Methods: The study used a cross-sectional design and was conducted in Kade and New Tafo government hospitals, in the Eastern Region of Ghana. Observational time and motion study with exit interview were employed to collect quantitative data, using an observational record sheet and a semi structured questionnaire as tools respectively. A sample size of 422 was used with consecutive sampling of outpatients as target group. Patients selected were followed as they moved though the various sections of the OPD and stationed research assistants in each section recorded time in and out. The pharmacy was used as final section but patients who did not use the pharmacy were exited in the last section visited. Interviews were conducted at this point Data was entered in Microsoft Office Excel 2013 version and imported into STATA SE version 15 for analysis. T-test, Pearson’s Chi-square and binary logistic regression model were used to analyst data. All significance level was set at a 0.05 alpha level and 95% confidence interval of estimates provided. Findings were compared between facilities.

Results: Average total waiting time was 236.15 ± 81.28 for E-Folder facility and 365.83 ± 122.25 non-E-folder facility. The main cause of prolong waiting time was ‘Queue not followed accordingly (75.6%) and Many patients in queue (84/6%) in No- E-folder facility with percentages of 25.8% and 35.8% in E-folder facility. Both facilities rated patient provider relationship ‘Good’ with over 80%. Overall satisfaction with care was 76.5% (E- Folder) and 50.5% (Non -E-Folder).

Conclusion: Total waiting time exceeds recommended 90-120 minutes. Time is the most significant indicator of patient satisfaction. The Type of record system has significant influence on patient satisfaction.

Recommendation: The E-folder system coupled with a multi-unit and managerial effort, are recommended as means of improving patient satisfaction.
Effect of Micro-Vortex Generator in Hypersonic Inlet
Authors: Kumar Vivek V. , Bogadi Surendra
Published: January 2021

In the present study computational tests were carried out to get an understanding of the flow field in a pure mixedcompression hypersonic inlet at a free stream Mach number of 7 and an altitude of 35km. Structured meshes have been used for depicting the motion of fluid inside the inlet. First, a grid has been selected after conducting a grid study. Two dimensional simulations were carried out with standard sst k-ω model using FLUENT. Computational results are compared with the available data. The results obtained from the computational tests revealed several important flow field details at hypersonic speeds. The basic shock structure inside the inlet was obtained. The boundary layer formed inner side of the engine had an adverse pressure gradient on the top ramp. Due to this the boundary layer thickens and the static pressure starts to decrease whose effect leads till the trailing edge of inlet. By providing small wedge shaped Micro-Vortex Generator (MVG) where the shockboundary layer occurs we can smooth the boundary layer formed inside the inlet. Thus there will be more efficient compression than the actual case. The results obtained in the present series of tests, could help the hypersonic inlet design optimization at offdesign condition
Surface Roughness Optimization Of Machining Parameters In Machining Of Composite Materials
Authors: Ramesh M. , Elvin R.P. , Palanikumar K. , Reddy K.Hemachandra
Published: January 2021

The term machinability refers to the ease with which a metal can be machined to an acceptance surface finish. The factors that typically improve a material’s performance often degrade its machinability. Therefore, to manufacture components economically, engineers are challenged to find ways to improve machinability without harming performance. Surface finish is an important parameter in manufacturing engineering. It is a characteristic that can influence the performance of mechanical parts and production costs. The investigation of influence of cutting conditions in turning of Duplex Stainless Steel 2205 is made in this project. The experimental design was formed based on Taguchi’s technique. An orthogonal array and analysis of variance (ANNOVA) are employed to investigate the turning conditions and machining was done using CVD triangular carbide insert. The objective was to establish correlation between cutting speed, feed rate and depth of cut and optimize the turning conditions based on surface roughness. These correlations are obtained by multiple regression analysis.
Minimization Of Rewok In Belt Industry Using Dmaic
Authors: Junankar Anup A. , Shende P.N
Published: January 2021

The fast changing economic conditions such as global competition, declining profit margin, customer demand for high quality product, product variety and reduced lead–time etc. had a major impact on manufacturing industries. To respond to these needs a new paradigm in this area of manufacturing strategies is Six Sigma. The Six Sigma approach has been increasingly adopted world wide in the manufacturing sector in order to enhance productivity and quality performance and to make the process robust to quality variations. This paper discusses the quality and productivity improvement in a manufacturing enterprise through a case study. The paper deals with an application of Six Sigma DMAIC(Define–Measure- Analyze-Improve-Control) methodology in an industry which provides a framework to identify, quantify and eliminate sources of variation in an operational process in question, to optimize the operation variables, improve and sustain performance viz. process yield with well-executed control plans. Six Sigma improves the process performance (process yield) of the critical operational process, leading to better utilization of resources, decreases variations & maintains consistent quality of the process output.
Flux and Speed estimation of decoupled induction motor
Authors: Prabhavathi P. , Devendra P. , Babu Ch.Anand
Published: January 2021

This paper presents the rotor flux and speed estimation of induction motor using a novel technique. The induction motor model in rotor reference frame is considered. Controllers used for sensor less control of the drive. The estimation technique works well and the sensor less speed control scheme can achieve fast transient response as good as that of the induction motor with sensors and at the same time maintain a wide speed control range.
Reduced optimal controller design for the nuclear reactor power control system
Authors: Zarabadipour H. , Emadi H.
Published: January 2021

The power control system of a nuclear reactor is one of the key systems that concern the safe operation of the plant. Much attention is paid to the power control systems’ performance of nuclear reactor in engineering. The goal of this paper is apply balance model reductionto derive reduced order model and then design the reduced optimal controller for nuclear reactor power system.The simulation results with reduced-order model and with optimized controller show that the proposed technique is improved .
Experimental investigation of turning operation using carbide inserts
Authors: Kagade V. R. , Deshmukh R. R.
Published: January 2021

This paper presents an investigation on the optimisation and the effect of cutting parameters on multiple performance characteristics (work piece surface roughness, spindle load) obtained by turning operations. A CNMG 09 03 08-PF carbide insert as tool and the HCHC steel as work piece material were used in experiments. The work piece material was machined under different settings of feed rate, depth of cut, cutting speed on a CNC lathe model-TL1 (HAAS). The results showed that cutting speed and feed rate were the dominant variables on multiple cutting performance characteristics. An optimum parameter combination was obtained by using experimental analysis.
A Generalized Approach for Sensitive Analysis of Four- Bar Mechanism and Identifying Sensitive Link/s Tolerances Using Relative Velocity Method
Authors: Thakare P. S. , Handa Dr. C. C.
Published: January 2021

The performance of a mechanism is defined as ratio of difference between calculated angular velocity ratio and ideal angular velocity ratio to the ideal angular velocity ratio. The angular velocity ratio can be calculated from velocity diagram. The paper uses a crank – rocker mechanism, a type of simple four bar mechanism in which crank rotates 3600 and rocker oscillates. In the presence of manufacturing errors like manufacturing tolerances, thermal deformation, deflection of links, human errors, machine defects, etc., it is impossible to maintain a constant performance of the mechanism in bulk manufacturing. There will be slight variation in the performance due to variation in one or more links. Any manufacturing process is associated with dimensional tolerances that leads to variation in part dimensions and generally cost of manufacturing increases exponentially for closer tolerances to all links of the mechanism. The aim of the paper is to discuss an approach to determine maximum and minimum performance variation and identify links which causes maximum performance variation. The closer tolerances should be given to that link/s only which will permit to designer to give slightly loose tolerances on remaining links.
Effect of nano silica fillers on mechanical and abrasive wear behaviour of vinyl ester resin
Authors: Elansezhian R. , Saravanan L.
Published: January 2021

In this paper, influence of different nano particles such as ……….. on the wear behavior of a vinyl ester resin composites is reported. Nano silica particles, functionalized with a bi-functional coupling agent, methacyloxypropyl-trimethoxysilane (MPS) is found to improve the wear resistance as well as the tensile strength of the fabricated vinyl ester resin nano composite. The uniform particle dispersion and chemical bond between nano particle and vinyl ester resin was observed. Wear behavior of the resin with silica, zinc oxide and alumina nano particles were studied using taber abrasive wear tester. Wear test was conducted for different load conditions and distances. Experimental result showed that vinyl ester resin with nanosilica particles had significantly improved the wear resistance than alumina and zinc oxide nancomposites.
Role of garnet and silicon carbide abrasives in abrasive waterjet cutting of aluminum-silicon carbide particulate metal matrix composites
Authors: Srinivas Dr.S. , Babu N. Ramesh
Published: January 2021

This paper covers studies on machinability of aluminum-silicon carbide particulate metal matrix composites (Al-SiCp MMCs) with abrasive waterjets (AWJs) produced by two different types of abrasives. Four different compositions of Al-SiCp MMCs were processed with 60, 80 and 120 mesh size garnet and SiC abrasives with a view to identify the correct type and size of abrasive for effective processing of MMCs with AWJs. The maximum penetration ability of AWJs in different MMCs was examined by conducting the experiments on a wedge shaped Al-SiCp MMC specimens, prepared with stir casting method. Optical micrographs of MMC samples and scanning electron microscopic (SEM) examination of AWJ cut surfaces enabled to explain the trends of material removal with both types of abrasives. Analysis of results clearly indicated the choice of 80 mesh size SiC abrasives for effective processing of Al-SiCp MMCs with AWJs.
Fabrication and Experimental Study on Two-Axis Solar Tracking
Authors: Nayak Hemant Kumar , Kumar Manoj , Prasad Nagendra , Behera Rashmi Rekha
Published: January 2021

This paper presents the design and experimental study of a two axis (azimuth and Polar) automatic control solar tracking system to track solar PV panel according to the direction of beam propagation of solar radiation. The designed tracking system consists of sensor and Microcontroller with built in ADC operated control circuits to drive motor. Two steeper motors are used to move the system panel, keeping the sun’s beam at the center of the sensor. The measured variables are compared with the fixed axis. The results indicate that the energy surplus becomes about (45-56%) with atmospheric influences. In case of seasonal changes of the sun’s position there is no need to change in the hardware and software of the system. . Considering all above aspects of this tracking system it can be concluded that, it is a flexible tracking system with low cost electromechanical set-up, low maintenance requirements and ease on installation and operation.
Biodiesel as an Alternate Fuel in a Diesel Engine with the Cooled Exhaust Gas Recirculation–A Measure to Reduce Harmful Emissions
Authors: Adinarayana S. , Sekhar YMC , Prakash M. Anil , Rao BVA
Published: January 2021

Biodiesels reduce the emissions like HC, CO and particulate matter to minimum possible extent. But the NOx emissions increase because of the reason that the biodiesel is an oxygenated fuel. To contain this particular emission which is responsible for the human health degradation, acid rain, smog creation etc., the Exhaust Gas Recirculation (EGR) technique is resorted to. In this paper, a laboratory based DI diesel engine is run with neat biodiesel (Jatropha Methyl Ester) and cooled EGR which replaces a part of incoming air during suction. Various percentages (viz.0%, 7%, and 14%) of EGR were practiced to investigate the effect on the engine performance and tail pipe emissions. EGR dilutes the charge in the cylinder and thus reduces the peak combustion temperatures. Lower combustion temperatures decrease the formation of NOx with the marginal penalty of increase in other emissions. A comparison was made with the implementation of neat diesel and EGR application to consolidate the performance differences emerge in these cases. 7% EGR is proved to be the best percentage by considering both engine performance and emissions.
Some Investigations on Geometric Conformity Analysis of a 3-D Freeform Objects Produced by Rapid Prototyping (FDM) Process
Authors: Kumar V. Vinod , Tagore G. R. N. , Venugopal A.
Published: January 2021

Rapid prototyping technology is widely used to fabricate 3-D objects with all features of a design using Computer Aided Design (CAD) model. The final fabricated object with rapid prototyping technique has to be evaluated regarding the extent of its closeness to CAD model. Geometric conformity analysis has to be used in determining a measure of the geometric deviation between designed and fabricated 3-D models. In this paper evaluation technique is used to provide an aggregate measure of overall geometric deviation between designed free formed surface and its fabricated geometries using Fused Deposition Modeling (FDM) technique. This approach is typically utilized for large or more complex assemblies such as vehicle interiors and exteriors and full scale aircraft etc. Computer Aided Inspection with CMM aims at development of suitable methodology so as to convert data obtained from CMM to convenient formats to measure dimensional and form errors of freeform surface objects. The present work used in additive manufacturing with the newer methodology of inspecting in rapid product development also.
Modeling and Analysis of Acoustic Emissions and Structural Vibration in a Wind Turbine
Authors: Badrinath CH. V. N. , Chakravarthy P. Kranthi
Published: January 2021

The onshore wind turbine industry must overcome many technical, commercial, and environmental difficulties. A significant element for planning consent is operational noise. Acoustic limits are strictly enforced and can lead to near-neighbour complaints as well as contractual disputes. Reactec have diagnosed, analyzed and solved a problematic tonal resonance using ANSYS 12.1. This paper presents the measurement, analysis, modelling and solution simulation process when tackling a tonal noise issue in a megawatt scale wind turbine. Extensive modelling and simulation of the entire turbine system allows an in-depth diagnosis as well as a virtual test bed for solution design. The analysis reveals a complex interaction between gearbox resonances, mounting system performance, and tower design. A mitigation measure is developed and simulated in order to provide sufficient tonal reduction.
USE OF FUSED DEPOSITION MODELING PROCESS IN INVESTMENT PRECISION CASTING AND RISK OF USING SELECTIVE LASER SINTERING PROCESS
Authors: M SIVADASAN , SINGH N.K , SOOD ANOOP KUMAR
Published: January 2021

Investment Castings (IC) is one of the most economical ways to produce intricate metallic parts when forging, forming and other casting processes tend to fail. However, high tooling cost and long lead time associated with the fabrication of metal moulds for producing IC wax (sacrificial) patterns result in cost justification problems for customized single casting or small-lot production. Generating pattern using rapid prototyping (RP) process may be one of the feasible alternatives. For this purpose present study assessed the suitability of the fused deposition modeling (FDM) process for creating sacrificial IC patterns by studying FDM fabricated part thermal response at various temperatures. A series of experiments with RP patterns are conducted and a set of test castings are also made in steel for establishing feasibility. The build material used is acrylonitrile butadiene styrene (ABS). As an annexe to this work a concurrent attempt is also made to quantify the risk in using Selective Laser Sintering patterns for Investment Castings. Authors hope this work might establish applicability of ABS in IC and also lead the investigations to theoretically tone down the shell cracking tendency with Selective Laser Sintering patterns when Proprietary Duraform is used as the build material.
SIMULATION OF THE EFFECT OF DIE RADIUS ON DEEP DRAWING PROCESS
Authors: GOWTHAM KOPANATHI , SRIKANTH K.V.N.S. , MURTY K.L.N.
Published: January 2021

This paper “SIMULATION OF THE EFFECT OF DIE RADIUS ON DRAWING PROCESS” is one of the most used Metal Forming Process within the industrial field. Different analytical, numerical, empirical and experimental methods have been developed in order to analyze it. This work reports on the initial stages of finite element analysis (FEA) of a Deep drawing process. The objective of this study is to determine the factors influencing a drawing process and analyzing the process by varying the Die radius and keeping the Friction, Punch radius and Blank Thickness as constant. In this paper Punches, blank thickness of same geometry and dies of various geometries were drawn by using CATIA software. And an effort is made to study the simulation effect of main process variant namely die radius using finite element analysis. As the FEM code, the commercially available software DEFORM-3D is used here. Aluminium alloy 6061 is used for deep drawing with initial diameter as 56mm.
PERFORMANCE EVALUATION OF A FOUR STROKE COMPRESSION IGNITION ENGINE WITH VARIOUS HELICAL THREADED INTAKE MANIFOLDS
Authors: PHANEENDRA V.CVS , PANDURANGADU V. , CHANDRAMOULI M.
Published: January 2021

Fuel economy remains the prime factor favoring the application of the diesel engines and the need to improve performance regarding power output or lower fuel consumption or preferably both, has led to research in the engine systems. This research includes design and orientation of the inlet manifold, which is a major factor effecting the performance of the engine.A four stroke air cooled compression ignition engine with power 9 H.P and rated speed 1500 rpm was selected to investigate the performance characteristics. The swirl motion of the air is an important parameter in optimizing the performance of an engine. For better turbulence the surface of the inlet manifolds (C.I Engine) will be made rough and unpolished. Here, for obtaining better turbulence the helical threads were arranged in the inlet manifolds. The performance test was performed on the engine with the normal manifold and helical threaded manifolds of pitch 10mm, 15mm, 20mm, and 25mm. The performance characteristics with normal manifold and helical threaded manifolds were calculated and compared.
PROBLEMS IN ELECTRIC VEHICLES
Authors: M VARUN. , KUMAR CHAITRA
Published: January 2021

Electric vehicles are the transportation machines which uses electric energy as power source for movement. The objective of this technical journal is to propose an idea to solve the electric automobile problems which are causing the backlog for sales and demand of electric automobiles in the Indian market. This is a technical journal consisting of a case study of electric vehicle problems in India, applications and advantages of electric vehicles, simple analysis of problems one by one based on common thinking abilities, disadvantages in electric vehicles, discussion of preferable solutions for the electric vehicle problems and its disadvantages, field survey, listing the situation in order systematically, different types of batteries that can be used, motors that can be preferred for electric automobiles, preferred solution discussion including result discussion with an example of electric automobile and finally conclusions. We have discussed on batteries and motors that are suitable for electric vehicles. We have tried to solve the problems of electric vehicles after listing the problems that can be faced in electric vehicles one by one. The main concept of this paper is having the battery exchange stations to exchange the charge dried batteries to fully charged batteries. In battery exchange stations, a customer using electric vehicles should pay some amount and can exchange his used batteries to fully charged batteries. We have discussed the way of working of battery exchange stations. Hydrogen fuel cell concepts are also detailed in this paper.
VHDL IMPLEMENTATION OF GENETIC ALGORITHM FOR 2-BIT ADDER
Authors: A VEDAVATHI. , K.V MEENA. , MALHOTRA GAYATRI
Published: January 2021

Future planetary and deep space exploration demands that the space vehicles should have robust system architectures and be reconfigurable in unpredictable environment. The Evolutionary design of electronic circuits, or Evolvable hardware (EHW), is a discipline that allows the user to automatically obtain the desired circuit design. The circuit configuration is under control of Evolutionary algorithms. The most commonly used evolutionary algorithm is Genetic Algorithm. The paper discusses on Cartesian Genetic Programming for evolving gate level designs and proposes Evolvable unit for 2-bit adder based on Genetic Algorithm.
A NOVEL MATLAB MODEL OF ANN BASED CONTROLLERS TO IMPROVE THE DYNAMIC PERFORMANCE OF A SHUNT ACTIVE POWER FILTER
Authors: GOWTAMI D. , RAVINDRA S. , PRASAD A. MALLIKARJUNA , KISHORE G.
Published: January 2021

This paper attempts to enhance the dynamic performance of a shunt-type active power filter. The predictive and adaptive properties of artificial neural networks (ANNs) are used for fast estimation of the compensating current. The dynamics of the dc-link voltage is utilized in a predictive controller to generate the first estimate followed by convergence of the algorithm by an adaptive ANN (adaline) based network. Weights in adaline are tuned to minimize the total harmonic distortion of the source current. Extensive simulations and experimentations confirm the validity of the proposed scheme for all kinds of load (balanced and unbalanced) for a three-phase three-wire system.
WAVELET BASED FEATURE EXTRACTOR AND ANN BASED CLASSIFIER FOR OPTIMAL ECG INTERPRETATION
Authors: BEGUM RITU NAZNEEN ARA , SHARMA AMBALIKA
Published: January 2021

The heart plays the most vital role of supplying nutrients and oxygen in any organism. Any abnormality in its function renders the body to many complications which may sometimes even lead to death. Hence, timely and early diagnosis of any abnormality is extremely important. Another requirement of the hour is the Automatic detection. Several techniques have been developed till date, but efficiency achieved so far leaves room for improvement. This paper also, presents a technique that aims at automatic detection of cardiac abnormality using an Artificial Neural Network. The detection is done on the basis of the wave shapes of different QRS complexes for different arrhythmias which are extracted from the ECG beats using Wavelet Transform. As the Daubechies wavelets are similar in shape to the QRS complex of the ECG, db4 has been used in the above context. The performance accuracies achieved for training, testing known data and unknown data have been found to be 99.7%, 99.2% and 96.2% respectively. The MIT-BIH database has been used for the present study and an altogether of seven different beats have been used for classification.
FPGA IMPLEMENTATION OF A DWT AND AES PROCESSOR FOR SECURE IMAGE CODING
Authors: R SANTHOSH KUMAR , RAJ CYRIL PRASANNA , MANJULA Y. , KURIAN M.Z.
Published: January 2021

With the fast growing of digital data exchange, security information becomes much important in data storage and transmission. Due to the increasing use of images in industrial process, it is essential to protect the confidential image data from unauthorized access. Better identification of which data is relevant to human perception at higher compression ratio is needed. In this DWT-AES processor a Reconfigurable Secure Image Coding is proposed. The prominent feature of this method is a partial encryption of key lengths of 128, 192 or 256 bits. Considerable Security level also mentioned. This paper presents the AES algorithm with regard to FPGA. However, linking these two designs to achieve secure image coding is leading.
BASED ON RANGE AND DOMAIN FRACTAL IMAGE COMPRESSION OF SATELLITE IMAGERIES IMPROVED ALGORITHM FOR RESEARCH
Authors: ENJELA SAEMA , ANANTH A.G.
Published: January 2021

Fractal coding is a novel method to compress images, which was proposed by Barnsley, and implemented by Jacquin. It offers many advantages. Fractal image coding has the advantage of higher compression ratio, but is a lossy compression scheme. The encoding procedure consists of dividing the image into range blocks and domain blocks and then it takes a range block and matches it with the domain block. The image is encoded by partitioning the domain block and using affine transformation to achieve fractal compression. The image is reconstructed using iterative functions and inverse transforms. However, the encoding time of traditional fractal compression technique is too long to achieve real-time image compression, so it cannot be widely used. Based on the theory of fractal image compression; this paper raised an improved algorithm form the aspect of image segmentation. In the present work the fractal coding techniques are applied for the compression of satellite imageries. The Peak Signal to Noise Ratio (PSNR) values are determined for images namely Satellite Rural image and Satellite Urban image. The Matlab simulation results for the reconstructed image shows that PSNR values achievable for Satellite Rural image ~33 and for Satellite urban image ~42.
CONTACTLESS ELECTRIC VEHICLE CHARGING USING MAGNETIC RESONANCE COUPLING METHOD.
Authors: CHAGANTY SHAKTIRAJ KUMAR , PRASAD S.SIVA
Published: January 2021

A convenient charging mechanism will be of great help in dispersal of Electric Vehicles more widely. The concept of Wireless transfer of electrical energy will make this possible. The feasibility of wireless power transfer for Electric Vehicles by electromagnetic resonance coupling is investigated in this paper. Using electromagnetic resonance coupling, large amount of power can be transmitted over large air gaps. The experiment is carried out on small sized antennas that can be equipped at the bottom of a vehicle. The efficiency characteristics of power transmitted wirelessly are analyzed by varying - frequency of power, gap between receiving and transmitting coils and power to be transmitted. Power transmission efficiencies at resonant frequencies are investigated. Wireless charging mechanism will make Electric Vehicles more user friendly and also reduce Carbon emissions. The feasibility of wireless power transfer with large air gaps and high efficiency by small sized antennas is proposed and analyzed in this paper.
NANOMETRIC MODELISATION OF GAS STRUCTURE, A MULTIDIMENTIONNAL QUANTUM WELL
Authors: BOUNEB I. , BENABBAS-MARIR M.
Published: January 2021

The present work is dedicated to the numeric physical modelisation of the potential to the interface of a heterostructure in GaAsAl/GaAs. Calculs, using some projective methods, permitting the integration of Hamiltonian, with Green functions in the equation of Schrödinger, for a rigorous resolution with the equation of Poisson are elaborated. A study of convergence of globally no linear system is done and it confirmed for ten bases functions and a very determined electric wall position. The different parameter influence on performances of the GaAsAl/GaAs heterostructure is put in evidence; what will permit us subsequently to consider the dynamic of the carriers in a HEMT heterostructure by rigorous and complete manner.
PROGRAMMABLE, ANALOGUE, BIPOLAR, DC ± 4.095 VOLTAGE REFERENCE, INTERFACED THROUGH USB PORT AND COMPLIED IN LABVIEW
Authors: YADAV ANUJA , GHODKE NANDKISHOR
Published: January 2021

A designed DAC circuit to generate an analog bipolar DC voltage reference 4.095V for an in-house application interfaced through USB port for automation. A USB to Parallel FIFO development module UM245R, the latest device to interface from FTDI Chip is incorporated for the same. Compiled the supporting application software in a Graphical Programming Language “LabVIEW” by National Instruments with executable VI functions provided by FTDI.
CORRECTING FALSE SEGMENTATION IN VIDEO USING IMAGE OVER-SEGMENTATION
Authors: SURKUTLAWAR SHAILAJA SURKUTLAWAR , KULKARNI RAMESH K
Published: January 2021

Moving objects detection is a fundamental step in many vision based applications. Background subtraction is the typical method. When scene exhibits pertinent dynamism method based on mixture of Gaussians is a good balance between accuracy and complexity, but fails due to two kinds of false segmentations i.e moving shadows incorrectly detected as objects and some actual moving objects not detected as moving objects. In computer vision, segmentation refers to process of partitioning a digital image in to multiple segments and goal of segmentation is to simplify and/or change representation of image in to something that is more meaningful and easier to analyse. A colour clustering based on k-means and image over-segmentation are used to segment the input frame into patches and shadow suppression done by HSV colour space, the outputs of mixture of Gaussians are combined with the colour clustered regions to a module for area confidence measurement. In this way, two major segment errors can be corrected. Experimental results show that the proposed approach can significantly enhance segmentation results.
ADAPTIVE CODING TECHNIQUES TO IMPROVE BER IN OFDM SYSTEM
Authors: RAUT RAJESHREE , SUBRAMANIUM PRITI , BRAMAHANKAR KAVITA
Published: January 2021

Adaptive modulation and diversity combining represent very important adaptive solutions for the future generations of communication systems. In order to improve the performance and the efficiency of wireless communication systems these two techniques have been recently used jointly in new schemes named joint adaptive modulation and diversity combining .The highest spectral efficiency with the lowest possible combining complexity, given the fading channel conditions and the required error rate performance. Increase the spectral efficiency with a slight increase in the average number of combined path for the low signal to noise ratio (SNR) range while maintaining compliance with the bit error rate (BER).