bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The state of local lung protection in experimental diabetes
Authors: Nazhmutdinova D. K.
Published: October 2019

Metabolic disorders in the organism associated with diabetes mellitus impair organs and systems, including the respiratory system. However local defense of the lungs in diabetics has been little studied up to the present time. We investigated cellular (total cell counts, counts of alveolar macrophages and segmented neutrophils, phagocytic number, phagocytic index, spontaneous and induced NBT test, and stimulation index) and humoral (lysozyme) factors of local defense of the lungs. Total cell count increased in diabetics, mainly at the expense of increased count of segmented neutrophils; the count of alveolar macrophages decreased, phagocytic number and phagocytic index reduced and spontaneous and induced NBT values and lysozyme level increased. These shifts were more pronounced by day 45 of observation. The above mentioned changes in local defense of the lungs indicate reduced phagocytic and bactericidal activities of alveolar macrophages and a decrease of antibacterial resistance of local lung defense system in diabetes mellitus.
The exchange of vitamins in diabetes
Authors: Kodentsova V. M. , Vrzhesinskaya O. A. , Spirichev V. B.
Published: October 2019

The problem of vitamins and diabetes has been the subject of a large number of experimental and clinical studies. They consider such aspects as the effect of insufficiency of certain vitamins on the induction (by alloxan or streptozotocin) of experimental diabetes mellitus; study of the protective effect of vitamins from these chemical agents; study of the actual provision of vitamins for people with diabetes; identification of the features of the metabolism of vitamins in this disease; the use of vitamins in prophylactic or therapeutic doses in the complex treatment of diabetes mellitus [20, 26, 51]. Despite the abundance of such studies, there is still no consensus on whether the exchange of B vitamins changes in diabetes mellitus. This is determined by a number of reasons, due to both the features of methodological approaches and the use of nonspecific analytical methods, as well as the application of the criteria for assessing vitamin supply, adopted for healthy people.
Bartter syndrome in homozygous twins
Authors: Levitskaya Z. I.
Published: October 2019

Bartter syndrome is characterized by hyperreninemia against the background of hyperplasia of juxtaglomerular cells, hyperaldosteronuria, potassium deficiency, metabolic alkalosis, and vascular resistance to angiotensin.A study of the pathogenetic aspects of this disease allowed a number of authors suppose that this syndrome is associated with autosomal recessive inheritance, in which there may be no sensitivity of vessels to the pressor effect of angiotensin II, impaired renal reabsorption of sodium and chlorine, increased renal production of prostaglandin E. Primary renal defect, leading to the loss of potassium also is not excluded, because bilateral adrenalectomy does not completely reduce hypokalemia. However, it is not always possible to establish a primary genetic defect.The clinical symptoms of this disease are characterized by adynamia, polyuria, polydipsia, headache, and sometimes vomiting. Blood pressure is normal or even low. Children have a lag in mental and physical development.The pathophysiology of clinical symptoms is caused either by a hereditary disorder of tubular reabsorption of potassium and secondary sodium due to an enzymatic defect in the tubule wall, or by resistance of target cells to the stimulation by renin, angiotensin, and aldosterone, the production of which increases due to a disturbed feedback mechanism.In foreign literature, a description of this syndrome is quite rare. This fact was the basis for the publication of a similar clinical syndrome in homozygous twins - brothers A. and D. born in 1967, who were followed up for 3 years.
SB XX 15071 + P.Mich. III 146: The American Journey of a Parted “Table of Parts”
Authors: Azzarello Giuseppina
Published: October 2019

This paper examines SB XX 15071 and P.Mich. III 146, two papyri containing tables of divisions, which have been edited separately but turn out to belong to the same roll. The article offers a new edition of the rejoined pieces, a thorough discussion of various aspects related to the roll, such as provenance and chronology, handwriting, presence of variants of result, purpose of the tables.
“Who are the
Aṣḥāb al-Ukhdūd
? Q 85:4‒10 in Near Eastern Context.”
Authors: Silverstein Adam
Published: October 2019

This article seeks to contribute to our understanding of a short Qurʾānic passage, Q 85:4‒10, which concerns the fate of the enigmatic Aṣḥāb al-Ukhdūd. It is argued that the ‘eschatological’ and ‘historical’ readings of this passage, which have generally been taken to be mutually exclusive options for its interpretation, are both indispensable for a full contextualization of the verses in question. Furthermore, regarding the historical reading of the passage, it is argued that the verses refer to the events recorded in Daniel 3, rather than to the Martyrs of Najrān episode that most exegetes (and many modern scholars) opt for. Finally, a new etymology for the word Ukhdūd is proposed.
Crossing Borders: ʿĀʾisha al-Bāʿūniyya and Her Travels
Authors: Homerin Th. Emil
Published: October 2019

Arabic scholarship and literature flourished during the Mamlūk period, and scholars and students from across the Muslim world were drawn to Cairo and Damascus. This led to opportunities for travel, education, and employment, yet these opportunities were available almost exclusively to men. In Syria and Egypt, and most of the medieval world, women’s involvement in travel, education, and public life, was often restricted. However, there were exceptions, including the prolific writer and poet ʿĀʾisha al-Bāʿūniyya (d. 1517). As a woman, she crossed a number of social and cultural borders in order to enter into the domain of religious scholarship and literary production. Drawing from historical and biographical sources, and especially from ʿĀʾisha al-Bāʿūniyya’s writings, I examine her social and intellectual background, her travels and scholarly interactions in order to highlight some of the social trends and intellectual forces at work in the late Mamlūk period.
L’identité de Sidé. Entre vérité et réalisme politique: de la légende à l’histoire et à la langue
Authors: Brixhe Claude
Published: October 2019

Avec le cas de Sidé, on constate que l’identité affichée par une communauté est chose complexe et mouvante. La partie orientale de la Pamphylie, au-delà de l’Eurymedon, avait échappé à la colonisation grecque. Commencée à la fin du IIe millénaire et connaissant plusieurs vagues, celle-ci avait imposé, à l’ouest du fleuve, un grec mâtiné de la langue indigène postlouvite. A l’est, sur le territoire de Sidé celle-ci est restée langue légitime. Lorsqu’Aspendos, à l’ouest et Sidé à l’est émergent dans l’histoiré, une solide inimitié semble les opposer: Sidé affirme son anatolité et, à en croire les bribes historiographiques qui nous sont parvenues, en cas de conflit les deux cités ne sont jamais dans le même camp. A partir de l’époque classique sans doute, cette inimitié est stimulée par une rivalité économique. L’aversion des Sidètes pour leurs voisins hellènes ou hellénisés ne les empêche pas d’être très sensibles aux atouts économiques et culturels de ces derniers. Ils leur font de multiples emprunts. Celui qui illustre le mieux cette attitude qui mêle aversion et attraction est l’écriture dont ils dotent leur langue: leur alphabet, comme le grec, note les voyelles, mais pour les caractères ils imaginent le plus souvent des traces aussi différents que possible de ceux de leurs correspondants grecs. Cet anatolisme virulent ne faisait pas problème tant que la Pamphylie n’appartenait pas au monde grec. La situation changea avec la conquête macédonienne. C’est très probablement alors que surgit le récit qui faisait de Sidé une colonie de Kymé d’Eolide. Ce récit rattachait Side au moins partiellement au monde grec. Or rien, ni a Side ni a Kyme, ne le confirme: sans doute un des nombreux mythes qui apparurent, surtout a partir de l’époque hellénistique, pour installer une cite dans l’histoire grecque. Avec l’arrivee d’Alexandre (334 a. C.), le sidétique ne perdit pas immédiatement sa légitimité et il fut écrit jusqu’au tournant du IIIe au IIe siècle. Mais les bilingues qu’il nous a laissées et la forme sidétique des anthroponymes grecs montrent que les Sidètes s’emparèrent rapidement de la koiné grecque.
Crystal structure of hexakis(μ2-azido-κ2
N:N)-diazido-κ1
N-tetrakis(phenanthroline-κ2
N,N′)tetrazinc(II), C48H32N32Zn4
Authors: Feng Yu-Quan , Zhong Zhi-Guo , Yue Zi-Long
Published: October 2019

C48H32N32Zn4, triclinic, P1̄ (no. 2), a = 9.9928(14) Å, b = 10.1374(14) Å, c = 14.2362(19) Å, α = 71.710(2)°, β = 76.166(2)°, γ = 71.086(2)°, V = 1280.1(3) Å3, Z = 1, R
gt(F) = 0.0314, wR
ref(F
2) = 0.0795, T = 296(2) K.
Crystal structure of 2-((2-(3-hydroxy-7-methylene-2,3-dihydro-7H-furo[3,2-g]chromen-2-yl)propan-2-yl)oxy)-6-(hydroxymethyl)tetrahydro-2H-pyran-3,4,5-triol – a marmesin derivative, C20H24O10
Authors: Li Yu-Yan , Nie Xu-Liang , Fu Xiao-Xiang , Li Bao-Tong , Peng Wen-Wen
Published: October 2019

C20H24O10, orthorhombic, P212121 (no. 19), a = 6.3728(6) Å, b = 14.3835(14) Å, c = 20.453(2) Å, V = 1874.8(3) Å3, Z = 4, R
gt(F) = 0.0272, wR
ref(F
2) = 0.0558, T = 296(2) K.
Mining expression and prognosis of FOLR1 in ovarian cancer by using Oncomine and Kaplan-Meier plotter
Authors: Su Qingyuan , Lv Qingyuan , Wu Ruijin
Published: October 2019

Objective: To further explore folate receptor 1 (FOLR1) gene expression in ovarian cancer and its association with patients’ prognosis by deep mining the Oncomine and Kaplan-Meier plotter databases.

Methods:
FOLR1 mRNA expression data of ovarian cancer were retrieved from the Oncomine database and further analyzed by comparing tumor to healthy tissue. The prognostic value of FOLR1 in ovarian cancer was analyzed by Kaplan-Meier Plotter, an online survival analysis database.

Results A total of 439 studies were included in the Oncomine database in multiple types of cancers. Of the 439 studies, there were 54 with statistical differences for the expression of FOLR1, 19 with increased expression of FOLR1 and 35 with decreased expression comparing ovarian cancer to normal ovary tissue. After searching the Oncomine database, six datasets were discovered comparing the mRNA expression in ovarian tumor to healthy tissue. FOLR1 mRNA expression in ovarian tumor was significantly higher than that of normal ovarian tissue (all p<0.05). The Kaplan-Meier Plotter database analyzed the correlation between FOLR1 expression and ovarian cancer patient’s prognosis. A significant difference of progression-free survival between FOLR1 high and low expressing groups was found in ovarian cancer patients (HR=1.14, 95%CI: 1.00-1.29, p=0.043). However, the overall survival was not statistically different between high and low FOLR1 expressing patients (HR=0.95, 95%CI: 0.84-1.09, p=0.48).

Conclusion
FOLR1 mRNA was found to be highly expressed in ovarian tumor compared to normal ovarian tissue. Elevated FOLR1 mRNA expression was associated with the poor progression-free survival.
Activity of Insula to Basolateral Amygdala Projecting Neurons is Necessary and Sufficient for Taste Valence Representation
Authors: Kayyal Haneen , Yiannakas Adonis , Kolatt Chandran Sailendrakumar , Khamaisy Mohammad , Sharma Vijendra , Rosenblum Kobi
Published: October 2019

Conditioned taste aversion (CTA) is an associative learning paradigm, wherein consumption of an appetitive tastant (e.g., saccharin) is paired to the administration of a malaise-inducing agent, such as intraperitoneal injection of LiCl. Aversive taste learning and retrieval require neuronal activity within the anterior insula (aIC) and the basolateral amygdala (BLA). Here, we labeled neurons of the aIC projecting to the BLA in adult male mice using a retro-AAV construct and assessed their necessity in aversive and appetitive taste learning. By restricting the expression of chemogenetic receptors in aIC-to-BLA neurons, we demonstrate that activity within the aIC-to-BLA projection is necessary for both aversive taste memory acquisition and retrieval, but not for its maintenance, nor its extinction. Moreover, inhibition of the projection did not affect incidental taste learning per se, but effectively suppressed aversive taste memory retrieval when applied either during or before the encoding of the unconditioned stimulus for CTA (i.e., malaise). Remarkably, activation of the projection after novel taste consumption, without experiencing any internal discomfort, was sufficient to form an artificial aversive taste memory, resulting in strong aversive behavior upon retrieval. Our results indicate that aIC-to-BLA projecting neurons are an essential component in the ability of the brain to associate taste sensory stimuli with body states of negative valence and guide the expression of valence-specific behavior upon taste memory retrieval.

SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENTIn the present study we subjected mice to the conditioned taste aversion paradigm, where animals learn to associate novel taste with malaise (i.e., assign it negative valence). We show that activation of neurons in the anterior insular cortex (aIC) that project into the basolateral amygdala (BLA) in response to conditioned taste aversion is necessary to form a memory for a taste of negative valence. Moreover, artificial activation of this pathway (without any feeling of pain) after the sampling of a taste can also lead to such associative memory. Thus, activation of aIC-to-BLA projecting neurons is necessary and sufficient to form and retrieve aversive taste memory.
Impacts of a Specific Cyclooxygenase-2 Inhibitor on Pressure Overload–Induced Myocardial Hypertrophy in Rats
Authors: Xie Zhixiang , Wang Shuyin , Liang Zijing , Zeng Liangbo , Lai Rongde , Ye Zheng , Liao Pinhu
Published: October 2019

Objective: The aim of this study was to observe the impacts of the specific cyclooxygenase-2 inhibitor celecoxib on cardiac structures, functions, and inflammatory factors during the process of pressure overload–induced myocardial hypertrophy.
Methods: Twenty-four male Sprague Dawley rats were randomly divided into 3 groups: the sham operation group, the surgery group, and the celecoxib group. The model was established according to the abdominal aortic coarctation method.
Results: At 16 weeks, rats in the celecoxib group were fed a celecoxib-mixed diet (10 mg/kg) for 8 consecutive weeks. At week 24 after model establishment, the cardiac structures and functions were observed; changes in the levels of tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α, transforming growth factor (TGF)-β, prostaglandin E2 (PGE2), C-reactive protein (CRP), and uric acid (UA) were detected; and the contents of Smad1/2/3 proteins (Smad1, Smad2, and Smad3)  were determined. Left ventricular mass index, the heart weight/body weight ratio, and TNF-α, TGF-β, PGE2, CRP, and UA levels of the celecoxib group were all significantly decreased relative to those of the surgery group (P < .05); moreover, the cardiac functions were significantly improved compared to those of the surgery group (P < .05).
Conclusions: These results show that inflammatory factors are involved in the myocardial hypertrophy process and that celecoxib may reverse myocardial hypertrophy through a variety of pathways.
disabled!
Authors: Dreisinger Olivia
Published: October 2019

Join River Tam on a tour through the many worlds of fan fiction and disability in the experimental audio-visual essay disabled!

https://youtu.be/UOQTTXeRzJk
Reflection: Autistic-Coded Characters and Fans in Fandom
Authors: Mullis Christa
Published: October 2019

The lack of general knowledge about autism, its diversity, and its pervasive presence, among people in the real world, bleeds seamlessly into the worlds of fandom, where the very same objections that many autistic adults face in real life (“you can’t be autistic, you seem like a real person”) get lobbed at fictional characters, and the autistic fans who claim them.
Reimagined Story
Authors: O'Neil Kelly
Published: October 2019

Commentary on the Bodies in Translation: Age and Creativity exhibit at Mount Saint Vincent University Art Gallery in Halifax.
A TEORIA DA AÇÃO COMUNICATIVA COMO REFERENCIAL TEÓRICO AO ESTUDO DA INTERDISCIPLINARIDADE
Authors: Bragaglia Mônica
Published: October 2019

A interdisciplinaridade constitui-se, atualmente, como uma das posturas imprescindíveis de existência nas intervenções realizadas junto às demandas que se colocam. Face a esta constatação é evidente que também a postura profissional do assistente social seja orientada por esta perspectiva para que desta forma possa inserir- se junto às demais categorias profissionais e, mesmo, junto à sociedade em geral de forma mais efetiva. Investigar a utilização da Teoria da Ação Comunicativa de Jürgen Habermas como referencial de análise da configuração da interdisciplinaridade nas ações do Serviço Social, constitui-se no tema central deste texto.
HABERMAS E A PÓS-MODERNIDADE
Authors: Martini Rosa Maria F.
Published: October 2019

Este artigo resume os pontos básicos que caracterizam Habermas como um crítico da modernidade e, consequentemente, como um filósofo pós-moderno.
TEMPO - UMA CATEGORIA, VÁRIAS ABORDAGENS
Authors: Desaulniers Julieta Beatriz Ramos
Published: October 2019

O presente artigo aborda o tempo enquanto uma categoria de análise, de interesse universal, com possibilidades de oferecer uma compreensão globalizante dos fenômenos. Já que integra a realidade como um todo. Assim, as várias áreas da ciência têm condições de articular-se através de estudos e pesquisas que privilegiam o tempo, pois é uma categoria que se constrói na multiplicidade e, por isso, expressa/condensa as inúmeras dimensões que compõem o real.
O TEMPO E A(S) MEMÓRIA(S)
Authors: Torresini Elizabeth Wendhausen Rochadel
Published: October 2019

Este trabalho trata do tempo, da lústória e das memórias. Primeiramente, é abordada a construção de uma catedral medieval através de esforços e de suportes coletivos de memória. A seguir, a desestruturação do universo medieval com o desenvolvimento do capitalismo e, por último, o surgimento da história - enquanto tarefa de um historiador profissional - da memória e das memórias.
TEMPO E CONSTRUÇÃO DO SOCIAL
Authors: Desaulniers Julieta Beatriz Ramos
Published: October 2019

Esse texto comenta alguns dos pressupostos do pensamento científico.e expõe como alguns cientistas têm procedido em seus estudos e pesquisas. Para capturar as principais dimensões do tempo que configuram a construção do social, ainda, tece algumas considerações sobre as possibilidades de convergência, entre as diversas áreas das Ciências Humanas e Sociais, quando pesquisas privilegiam o tempo - uma categoria de análise de caráter universal e, por isso, capaz de articular as várias áreas da ciência.
O MITO NAS ENÉADAS DE PLOTINO
Authors: Ullmann Reinholdo Aloysio
Published: October 2019

Em sua obra, Plotino recorre constantemente aos antigos, porquanto crê neles encontrar- se a verdade. Também não desconhece os mitos que lera nas obras de Platão. Interpreta-os metafísica e eticamente. Neste pequeno artigo, entende-se por mito 'algo que alude a', 'algo que indica", "algo que metaforiza". Três tipos de mitos são aqui apresentados brevemente: mitos da mitologia olímpica, mitos da escatologia órfica e mitos filosóficos (mito da palavra e do silêncio). Em todos eles, percebe-se o esforço de Plotino por mostrar que o mito tenta exprimir o que a palavra não logra explicar, atingindo as fronteiras do silêncio e do inefável. O artigo conclui com o mito do silêncio, na união com o Uno, sem palavras.
A "ARTE" LULIANA COMO AUTORIDADE ALTERNATIVA
Authors: Bonner Anthony
Published: October 2019

As obras de Raimundo Lúlio são famosas pela ausência de citação de autoridades. O presente artigo aventa que Lúlio desejava fundamentar a Arte, a qual, segundo sua convicção, lhe fora dada por Deus, como uma autoridade alternativa, e que esta poderia então tornar-se o ponto focal de uma comunidade textual, dedicada ao estudo do seu método e mensagem.
ALGUNAS PRECISIONES ACERCA DEL CONTRACTUALISMO DE MARSILIO DE PADUA
Authors: Dubra Julio A. Castello
Published: October 2019

El trabajo pone en cuestión la pertinência de la atribución de una concepción contractualista de estilo moderno a Marsilio de Pactua. El análisis de los principales textos del Defensor pacis no muestra la afirmación de un hipotético estado no social dei hombre, ni un fundamento exclusivamente voluntarista o racionalista de la sociedad política, ni una fundamentación de la legitimidad del poder político en la figura de um contrato efectuado por indivíduos autónomos que precedan - temporal o lógicamente - a la constitución de la sociedad política.
Alcuíno Três livros sobre a fé na santa e indivisível Trindade. Ao glorioso imperador Carlos Magno a Deus devoto
Authors: Nascimento Carlos Arthur R.
Published: October 2019

LIVRO 1

Prefácio

Em nome da santa Trindade. Embora estejamos afastados da alegria da felicidade bem-aventurada na cegueira deste exílio, como pena justíssima pelo pecado original, não estamos de tal modo cortados e separados dela que mesmo, no que é mutável e temporal, não saibamos buscar ou desejar a eternidade, a verdade, a felicidade. O que se percebe pelo fato de que não temos vontade nem de morrer, nem de nos enganar, nem de estar na miséria. Donde, por este instinto natural, é comum aos homens querer ser felizes, · embora o desejo da felicidade se encontre de modo diverso no espírito de cada um. De fato, alguns julgam que ser feliz é apoderar- se do reino terreno; outros, ter riquezas em abundância; outros, ser elevado às honras; outros, porém, alegram-se por serem cobertos de louvores; outros, anseiam pelos prazeres carnais. Ora, a verdadeira felicidade não pode de modo nenhum ser encontrada na volubilidade desta vida. Acerca do que somos admoestados, pelo curso inteiro das Sagradas Escrituras, a que nos elevemos do que é terrestre para o celeste, onde está a verdadeira e eterna felicidade; a qual, é mais do que certo, que ninguém pode chegar, senão pela fé da paz católica, com a cooperação da caridade de Deus e do próximo.
FORMALISMO E LIBERDADE EM KANT
Authors: Weber Thadeu
Published: October 2019

A moral kantiana recebe de Hegel a crítica de se constituir um "vazio formalismo', onde o Imperativo Categórico não passa de uma 'indeterminação abstrata'. O debate entre os dois autores pretende recolocar os objetivos fundamentais de cada um e demonstrar a necessidade de sua complementariedade no que se refere a uma avaliação global do agir humano do ponto de vista moral.
ANCIENT GREEK MATHEMATICO-PHYSICAL PARADOX
Authors: Erickson Glenn W. , Fossa John A.
Published: October 2019

Neste artigo revisa-se a literatura sobre paradoxos matemático-físicos gregos antigos. Trata-se de paradoxo de números irracionais, o dilema de Democritus, a antinomia de mudança, bem como os seguintes paradoxos de Zenon: a dicotomia, o Aquiles, os blocos móveis, o argumento contra a pluralidade, o dilema e a semente de painço.
A EMBALAGEM PÚBLICA DO PRIVADO
Authors: Barros Antonio Teixeira de
Published: October 2019

Analisa-se a construção dos conceitos de público, privado e privatização na cobertura jornalística da Folha de São Paulo sobre o processo de privatização no Brasil, de 1990 a 1994. Insere- se o estudo na linha de pesquisa "Comunicação e processos sociais’, que concebe as instituições de comunicação contemporâneas corno urna das instâncias principais da geração e difusão de discursos, considerando-se o caráter mediador da informação entre os indivíduos, as instituições sociais e entre estes e o Estado. Baseia-se nas formulações de Hannah Arendt e Jürgen Habermas no que se refere aos conceitos de público e privado.
Microtriatoma trinidadensis (Lent, 1951) (Hemiptera, Reduviidae, Triatominae): first record in the state of Amazonas, Brazil
Authors: Souza Éder dos Santos , Monte Leandro Silva , Paiva Vinicius Fernandes de , Galvão Cleber
Published: October 2019

Microtriatoma trinidadensis (Lent, 1951), previously known from Venezuela, Colombia, Suriname, Peru, Bolivia, and the Brazilian states of Mato Grosso, Pará, and Tocantins, is reported for the first time in Amazonas state, Brazil. We found in the collection of the Instituto Nacional de Pesquisas da Amazônia an unidentified female specimen of Microtriatoma. The specimen was collected in April 2010, in dried straw and foliage of açai palm, Euterpe precatoria Mart., from Monte Sião, municipality of Codajás, Amazonas state.
Rank dari Matriks yang Ajaib Secara Diagonal
Authors: Nurjanah Siti , Putri Melani Yana , Ilahi Fadilah
Published: October 2019

Matriks yang ajaib secara diagonal adalah suatu matriks A yang memenuhi syarat tertentu. Dalam jurnal ini akan ditunjukkan bagaimana mengkonstruksi matriks yang ajaib secara diagonal dan menunjukkan bahwa matriks yang ajaib secara diagonal memiliki rank kurang dari atau sama dengan 2.
Analisis Simulasi Solusi Numerik Model Lotka-Volterra dengan Metode Runge-Kutta-Fehlberg (Studi Kasus Populasi Musang Luwak (Paradoxurus hermaphroditus) dan Ayam Hutan Merah (Gallus gallus) di Taman Nasional Alas Purwo)
Authors: Darmawan Randhi Nanang , Hariastuti Rachmaniah Mirza
Published: October 2019

Model mangsa-pemangsa, atau biasa disebut dengan model Lotka-Volterra adalah suatu model dalam bentuk sistem persamaan diferensial biasa non-linier yang menggambarkan interaksi antara dua makhluk hidup yang berhubungan dalam bentuk predasi. Sehingga untuk menyelesaikan model tersebut harus menggunakan metode numerik yaitu metode Runge-Kutta-Fehlberg (RKF45), dikarenakan model tersebut berupa sistem persamaan diferensial non-linier yang mana sulit untuk menentukan solusi analitik, solusi dari sistem persamaan diferensial tersebut adalah berupa profil interaksi antara antara kedua spesies yang saling memangsa dalam suatu ekosistem. Dalam artikel ini, peniliti mengambil studi kasus populasi Musang Luwak (Paradoxurus hermaphroditus) dan Ayam Hutan Merah (Gallus gallus) yang hidup di Taman Nasional Alas Purwo, yang mana keduanya memiliki hubungan predasi. Hasil dari artikel ini adalah profil simulasi model Lotka-Volterra antara kedua spesies dengan melakukan beberapa variasi parameter-parameter sehingga hasil akhirnya adalah suatu profil yang dapat menggambarakan kondisi yang memungkinkan kepunahan antara masing-masing spesies.
Enzymatic Production of Fish Protein Hydrolysates in A Pilot Plant Scale
Authors: Martosuyono Pujoyuwono , Fawzya Yusro Nuri , Patantis Gintung , Sugiyono Sugiyono
Published: October 2019

Protease enzyme produced from Bacillus sp was employed to hydrolyze fish protein hydrolysates (FPH) under controlled conditions at a batch-pilot plant scale-process. Thirty kilograms of fish meat was mincedand mixed with 60 liters of water in 100 liters stainless steel vessel and 20,000 units of protease enzyme was added per kg of fish. Hydrolysis of fish was carried out at 55 oC for 6 hours. Multi stage of filtration were done to separate the FPH from unhydrolized fish residue. Mass balance were carried out to determine the rate of hydrolysis and yields. W ithout pH adjustment, 80% of substrate hydrolyzed could be achieved in 6 hour at 55 °C. Three kinds of products were recovered from the process, i.e solid residue, liquid FPH as filtration product, and spray dried FPH. Hydrolysis of 30 kg of fish meat substrate producing 1.7-2.0 kg of unhydrolyzed residue and 70 L of liquid FPH. Afterspray drying process of liquid FPH, 13 kg of FPH powder was recovered. The proximate and amino acid analysis of spray dried FPH showed that the FPH containing 20% of protein, rich in amino acids especially lysine and leucineand the residue still had 85,36% of protein (dry basis) that could be utilized for other purpose.
Kinetic study of carbon dioxide catalytic methanation over cobalt–nickel catalysts
Authors: Dyachenko Alla G. , Ischenko Olena V. , Gaidai Snizhana V. , Zakharova Tetiana M. , Yatsymyrskyi Andrii V. , Lisnyak Vladyslav V.
Published: October 2019

Based on the data of the thermoprogrammed desorption and using mass-spectroscopic analysis of desorbed products and on the kinetic patterns of the methanation process for cobalt–nickel catalysts, we suggested a mechanism for the reaction which passes through forming intermediate formyl compounds: CHO*, HCOH*, and HCOOH*. Because of the high stability of the carbon dioxide molecule, the step of adding the first hydrogen atom is the limiting step. Such a mechanism is in good agreement with the proposed kinetic equations.
Quaternary Displacement on the Joiner Ridge Fault, Eastern Arkansas
Authors: Price Audrey C. , Woolery Edward W. , Counts Ronald C. , Van Arsdale Roy B. , Larsen Daniel , Mahan Shannon A. , Beck Ennis G.
Published: October 2019

The New Madrid seismic zone of the central United States is an intraplate seismic zone with blind structures that are not seismically active but may pose seismic hazards. The Joiner ridge fault (JRF) is the 35‐kilometer‐long east‐bounding fault of the Joiner ridge blind horst located in eastern Arkansas ∼50  km northwest of Memphis, Tennessee. Shallow S‐wave (SH‐mode) seismic reflection profiles, continuous cores, and radiometric dating of Quaternary alluvium across the JRF reveal down‐to‐the‐east reverse faulting and folding of Eocene strata and overlying Quaternary Mississippi River alluvium. The base of the Quaternary alluvium has an age of 20.3 ka and is vertically displaced 12 m, resulting in an average slip rate of 0.6±0.1  mm/yr over the past 20.3 ka. The overlying upper Wisconsinan and Holocene alluvial facies are also displaced by the JRF. These facies increase in thickness across the JRF and were used to calculate late Wisconsinan and Holocene slip histories. The JRF slipped 7 m between 20.3 and 17.5 ka, 3 m between 12.3 and 11.5 ka, and 2 m between 11.5 and 8.9 ka. No apparent slip occurred on the JRF within the last 8.9 ka. This research illustrates that slip has been intermittent and that slip magnitudes on the JRF diminished through the late Wisconsinan and early Holocene.
Macroseismic Study of the Devastating 22–23 October 1749 Earthquake Doublet in the Northern Colima Graben (Trans‐Mexican Volcanic Belt, Western Mexico)
Authors: Suter Max
Published: October 2019

This detailed macroseismic study of a locally devastating earthquake doublet in the western part of the Trans‐Mexican volcanic belt, north of Fuego de Colima Volcano, on 22 and 23 October 1749 is based on contemporary documentary sources. The shocks razed the towns of Zapotlán el Grande (now Ciudad Guzmán) and Sayula and caused major damage in Amacueca and Atoyac. A first mainshock on 22 October 1749 at 4 p.m. was devastating in Sayula and Zapotlán el Grande and caused some damage in Amacueca. A stronger second mainshock ∼20  hr later, on 23 October 1749 at about noon, was destructive in Sayula, Amacueca, and Zapotlán el Grande where only three residential buildings remained standing. Estimates of the intensity magnitude MI of the mainshocks range between 5.7 and 6.0, with a preferred magnitude of 5.8. The macroseismic intensity distribution, limited area of destruction, and prolonged sequence of aftershocks, lasting at least until August 1750, indicate a local earthquake source in the northern Colima graben, most likely on the major fault bounding the Sayula half‐graben in the west.
¿PREVALENCIA DEL DERECHO PROCESAL SOBRE EL SUSTANCIAL?: La responsabilidad del operador judicial
Authors: NARVÁEZ DÍAZ OMAR HERNANDO
Published: October 2019

El Derecho Procesal sobresale como una rama del derecho adjetivo y un sector de la materialización del derecho sustantivo, del cual son preconizados los instrumentos de carácter preventivo, los mecanismos de garantía y, la constitucionalización del Derecho dentro de la creciente judicialización. En esa línea, se realiza una investigación básica jurídica en esta específica disciplina pretendiendo determinar la imperiosa necesidad de su interpretación, aplicación y armonización en el Estado de Derecho, frente al marco de la responsabilidad disciplinaria y penal, bien por vía de hecho o incumplimiento de deberes, ora por prevaricato o detrimento material por falla en el servicio, facilitando herramientas en la labor de los jueces para materializar eficazmente el acceso a la administración de justicia.
Inhibition of Type 2 Sodium-Glucose Transporters and Na+/H+ Exchanger-1 produces similar cardioprotective effects in response to ischemiareperfusion injury
Authors: Blaettner Bianca S. , Baker Hana E. , Goodwill Adam G. , Clark Hannah E. , Kozlowski Michael C. , Tune Johnathan D.
Published: October 2019

Background and Hypothesis: Recent studies indicate that inhibition of Type 2 Sodium-Glucose Transporters (SGLT2i) augments diastolic filling volume and mitigates myocardial ischemic injury. This study tested the hypothesis that inhibition of the Na+/H+ Exchanger-1 (NHE-1) mimics the cardioprotective effects of SGLT2i in response to ischemia-reperfusion injury.
Experimental Design or Project Methods: Lean swine (~50 kg) were anesthetized, a thoracotomy performed, and perivascular flow transducers placed around the left anterior descending (LAD) and circumflex coronary (LCX) arteries. A pressure-volume (PV) catheter was then inserted into the left ventricle. Swine received a 15 min infusion of vehicle (DMSO; n = 3), the SGLT2i Canagliflozin (30 µM; n = 3), or the NHE-1 inhibitor Cariporide (1µM; n = 3) prior to a 60 min total occlusion of the LCX and 2-hour reperfusion period. Following reperfusion, the LCX was re-occluded and a 2.5% Patent Blue 5 solution was administered to identify area at risk. The heart was excised, sectioned, and incubated in a 2,3,5-triphenyltetrazolium chloride (TTC) solution. Images were collected and analyzed for area at risk and infarct size.
Results: In the vehicle treated group, 2 of the 3 swine studied died prematurely before the completion of the protocol; one at baseline and one during ischemia. Our initial findings support that left ventricular end diastolic volume increases in response to regional myocardial ischemia in swine that received either Canagliflozin or Cariporide. This increase in diastolic volume was associated with an increase in stroke volume (i.e. Frank-Starling effect) and a reduction in myocardial infarct size in both treatment groups. Blood pressure tended to decrease to a similar extent in all groups.
Conclusion and Potential Impact: These pilot studies suggest that inhibition of SGLT2 and NHE-1 produces similar functional and protective effects in response to regional ischemia-reperfusion injury. Further experiments are needed to corroborate these findings and examine the extent to which SGLT2i directly modulates NHE-1 activity.
Perception and Outcome of PEM Fellows following POCUS Curriculum Implementation
Authors: Dawson Steven , Nti Ben
Published: October 2019

Introduction: Point-of-care ultrasonography (POCUS) in the emergency department provides the clinician with a real-time, non-invasive and rapid assessment of their patients. Currently, there is a lack of published POCUS curriculum guidelines for pediatric emergency medicine (PEM) trainees. In this regard, we developed a POCUS curriculum for fellows at a newly established PEM fellowship at our institution to understand their perception and its effectiveness.
Methods: We enrolled all current PEM fellows (n = 4) who had limited to no prior experience with POCUS to participate in program implementation in January 2018. Their progress was followed over time until graduation. The curriculum included didactics hands-on training in the presence (supervised) and absence (solo) of an expert instructor. In addition to the curriculum, the fellows were also required to complete a pre- and post-survey assessment.
Results: Before curriculum implementation, barriers of POCUS common to all fellows (100%) included image interpretation and comfort level. Conversely, this improved with only 1 fellow (25%) suggesting these barriers. Interestingly, nearly all fellows (75%) found POCUS to be time-consuming following the curriculum implementation. Knowledge-base assessment showed improvement from an average score of 50% pre-test versus 79% post-test. The number of scans increased with time, but qualitative measures of image acquisition had a minimal improvement on a self-assessment quality assurance (QA) Likert scale. Average solo QA rating by an expert was higher (Mean 3.23 + SEM 0.15) than the average by the fellows' selfassessment (3.07 + 0.18). Overall sensitivity of POCUS examinations was 90.32% (61.92%93.07%) and specificity was 99.11% (94.07%-99.57%).
Conclusion: POCUS curriculum implementation can improve the PEM fellow's skills while enhancing their experience. While there are challenges for the utilization of POCUS, this study shows that the implementation of such a curriculum may have a positive effect on skill, knowledge development as well as perception.
Attitudes towards nutrition education among pediatricians and guardians.
Authors: DeGoey Madison , Kubascik Erica , Uzelac Dr. , Simpson Dr. , Kostrominova Dr.
Published: October 2019

Background and Hypothesis: Childhood obesity rates in the United States are at historic highs. In Lake County, Indiana, the obesity rates of WIC children ages 2-5 years old is 12.1%. Obesity management is left in the hands of practitioners’ clinical judgment; yet, a survey found that the average medical school devotes less than 20 hours to nutrition education. Since 62% of patients believe that their physicians can help them lose weight, having physicians who are not educated on nutrition leaves patients without the help they need. Surveys were developed to assess the level of nutrition counseling provided by physicians and how patients/guardians prefer to be educated. Our hypothesis is that pediatricians will benefit from further nutrition education and that guardians will desire an accessible online source.
Methods: A physician survey was composed to determine how much nutrition education pediatricians received in medical school/residency and how they currently educate their patients. The goal of the guardian survey was to determine who in the household feeds the children and how they would prefer to receive education.
Results: The surveys will be utilized for future research, and the results will help determine the approach for educating physicians and guardians. A booklet of healthy recipes was also developed to educate on healthy eating and as a participation benefit. The goal of the booklet was to choose easy, child friendly recipes that the family could cook together. To gain background on nutrition education, we observed the different education methods of local pediatricians and reviewed the literature.
Potential Impact: Intervention at both the clinical and community levels will be important for improving long-term health outcomes in pediatric patients. The knowledge gained from these surveys will aide in the development of programs needed to provide physicians, guardians, and patients with proper nutrition education.
Gastroschisis: Predicting outcomes through prenatal imaging and the current state of care in a single institution
Authors: Fisher Sarah G. , Anderson Cassandra M. , Steinhardt Nicole P. , Brown,  MD Brandon P. , Gray, MD Brian W.
Published: October 2019

Background: Gastroschisis occurs in 1 out of 2,000 births with survival rates partially contingent on intestinal complications and time to establishing feeding. Enhancements in prenatal imaging have given better insight into postnatal outcomes. The goal of this study is to examine the gastroschisis patient population and changes to care at Riley Hospital for Children in the modern era from 2010 to 2018. Additionally, we aim to utilize prenatal imaging to develop new prenatal prognostic indicators.
Methods: We performed a retrospective review of gastroschisis patients at Riley Hospital for Children from 2010 through 2018. We recorded demographics, prenatal data and imaging, early postnatal data, operative data, and patient outcomes and compared these variables to historic data gathered from studies at the same institution from the 2003-2009. Prenatal ultrasound factors were evaluated as a tool to predict the status of the bowel at birth. Statistical analyses were performed with chi square, univariate, and multivariate analyses.
Results: 134 patients were included in the study: complex (21), non-complex (113). Compared to non-complex gastroschisis, complex patients required longer median days to feeding initiation (46 vs 10, p<0.001), full feeding (77.5 vs 23, p<0.001), length of stay (LOS) (83 vs 33, p<0.001), and TPN at discharge (p=0.031). Prenatal ultrasound factors showed a significant relationship between increased bowel dilation and non-complex gastroschisis (p=0.015). Compared to 2003-2009, 2010-2018 data showed a significant decrease in mortality (p=0.002) and use of primary closure (p=0.050). Multivariable logistic regression revealed complex gastroschisis to be predictive of total intubation days in the first 30 days of life, LOS, time to initial feeds, and time to full feeding (p<0.001).
Conclusion and Potential Impact: An increase in bowel dilation on prenatal ultrasound can be used to predict non-complex gastroschisis at birth. Complex gastroschisis is associated with increased time to feeds, LOS, and intubation days.
HMGB1 Receptors as Potential Novel Targets for Neuroblastoma
Authors: Garcia Christian , Smith Jared , Malicky Peter , White Fletcher
Published: October 2019

Background and Hypothesis: The pathogenesis of neuroblastoma remains elusive. In order to further understand the pathogenesis, it is necessary to identify molecular and cellular mechanisms of the cancer. One protein of interest is high-mobility group box 1 protein (HMGB1). HMGB1 has been implicated in cancer including tumor growth, invasion, angiogenesis, metastasis, relapse and therapeutic resistance. HMGB1 isoforms signals via different receptors including the chemokine receptor, CXCR4, receptor for advanced glycation end products (RAGE), and the prominent inflammation-associated receptor, toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4). To gain insight into the possible impact of HMGB1 on the SH-SY5Y neuroblastoma cell line, we determined the degree to which CXCR4, TLR4 and RAGE are present on SH-SY5Y cells. We hypothesize that the presence of these receptors in SH-SY5Y cells may mediate proliferation of neuroblastoma cells and other types of cancer.
Experimental Design or Project Methods: The SH-SY5Y cell line (ATCC® CRL-2266™) was derived from a metastatic bone tumor in a 4 year old female. Cells were lysed in lysis buffer, electrophoresed on a 10% SDS-PAGE, and blotted onto PVDF membrane. After blocking, the membranes were incubated with primary antibodies against the receptor protein overnight at 4 °C, and then with HRP-conjugated secondary antibodies for 1h. Protein bands were visualized with a SuperSignal West Pico Chemiluminescent Substrate.
Results: To be finalized
Conclusion and Potential Impact: Investigating SH-SY5Y cell line for the presence of these inflammation-associated receptors could potentially serve as a model to better understand the role of these receptors in cancer research.
Polyethylene Bearing Wear in the Oxford Unicompartmental Knee
Authors: Ghosh Priyanka , Mohammad Hasan , Mellon Stephen , Murray David
Published: October 2019

Background and Hypothesis: The Oxford Knee is a unicompartmental knee replacement (UKR) for patients with end-stage knee osteoarthritis (OA). It contains a polyethylene (PE) mobile bearing between the femoral and tibial components that helps maintain normal knee kinematics. Unfortunately bearing wear is one of the leading causes of UKR failure. In this study, we sought to investigate PE wear rate over time and the initial deformation (creep) in early months.
Project Methods: This study used radiostereometric analysis (RSA) to precisely track polyethylene bearing thickness over time in 40 medial Oxford UKR patients. The patients underwent stereo radiographs at 1 week post-op (reference), 3 months, 6 months, 1 year, 2 years, and 5 years. Model-based RSA software was used to determine the exact position of the femoral and tibial components, and Matlab was used to calculate the minimum linear distance between these two components, taken as bearing thickness.
Results: The average wear rate was 0.32mm/yr (SD 0.42) in the first 3 months, 0.16mm/yr (SD 0.55) from 3 to 6 months, and 0.07mm/yr (SD 0.03) between 1 and 5 years. No correlation was found between wear rate and BMI, fixation, implant size, or 5 year Oxford Knee Score.
Conclusion and Potential Impact: This was the first study to investigate detailed early and late time points of polyethylene wear in the Oxford UKR. Mean bearing wear was higher in the first 6 months, presumably due to creep, and significantly reduced from 1 year onwards, presumably while true wear took place.
Parents’ Descriptions of Neonatal Palliation as a Treatment Option Prior to Periviable Delivery
Authors: Jager Shannon , Edmonds, MD, MPH, MS Brownsyne Tucker , Hoffman, MPH Shelley , Jeffries, MD, MS Erin , Laitano, MD Tatiana , Kavanaugh, PhD, RN, FAAN Karen
Published: October 2019

Background and Hypothesis: During periviable deliveries, parents are confronted with overwhelming and challenging decisions, about which they may know little. This study aimed to explore qualitatively the language that mothers and important others (IOs) utilize when discussing palliation, or ‘comfort care,’ as a treatment option in the context of periviability.
Project Methods: We prospectively recruited pregnant women (and designated IOs) admitted to labor and delivery for a threatened periviable delivery (22-25 weeks GA) at two hospitals between September 2016 and January 2018. Using a semi-structured interview guide, we explored participants’ perceptions of palliation and neonatal treatment options. Women were asked items such as, “How was the choice of resuscitation presented to you?” and “What were the options presented?” Research assistants developed a codebook for the interview transcripts, and NVivo 12 was used for qualitative analysis.
Results: Thirty women and 16 IOs were recruited in total. Participants’ descriptions of palliation fell into five broad categories – ‘doing nothing,’ ‘not resuscitating,’ ‘withdrawal of care,’ ‘implicit comfort care,’ and ‘explicit comfort care.’ The majority of parents perceived comfort care not as a distinct treatment option, but rather as the absence of treatment. Several barriers to the comprehension of comfort care were observed, including subjects’ unfamiliarity with the terminology or the inability to remember its explanation during antenatal consultation. Parents described comfort care with either neutral or negative connotations, and even those parents able to discuss the concept neutrally chose resuscitation as their preferred treatment option.
Conclusion and Potential Impact: This study revealed that many parents facing periviable delivery may lack understanding of comfort care as a neonatal treatment option. These parental perceptions highlight the need to improve counseling efforts in order to maximize parents’ informed decision-making.