bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Standalone hybridPV/wind/diesel‐electric generator system for aCOVID‐19 quarantine center
Authors: El‐Khozondar Hala J. , El‐batta Fady , El‐Khozondar Rifa J. , Nassar Yasser , Alramlawi Mansour , Alsadi Samer
Published: November 2022

This work is motivated by the need in overcoming the electricity crisis in Gaza, which is initiated due to political reasons and the spread of COVID‐19. Building quarantine centers is one of the most important means used in combating the COVID‐19, but connecting these centers to the electricity distribution network at the appropriate time is not always possible and increases the burden on the local utility company. This article proposed a hybrid off‐grid energy system (HES) to effectively energize the quarantine COVID‐19 center in Gaza economically and environmentally. To achieve this aim, the estimated load profile of the quarantine center is fed to the HOMER‐Pro program. In addition, the various systems components are introduced to the program, then modeled, and optimized. The developed approach was tested using a real case study considering realistic input data. HOMER‐Pro program is used to simulate and optimize the system design. The results revealed the potential of the HES to provide environment‐friendly, cost‐effective, and affordable electricity for the studied quarantine center, as compared to just the diesel generators system. For the considered case study, it is found that the PV‐wind‐diesel generators HES can cover the connected load with the lowest cost ($ 0.348/kWh) in comparison to other possible HES structures. Taking into consideration the price of harmful emissions, the wining system shows a reduction of 54.89% of the cost of energy (CoE) compared to other systems. For the considered case study, it is found that a combination of 150 kW PV, 200 kW wind, and two diesel generators with capacities of 500 and 250 kW can hold 100% of the electrical load required to keep the quarantine COVID‐19 center in operation. The initial capital cost of this HES is $510,576 where the share of wind energy, solar PV, inverter, and diesel‐electric generators are $320,000, $83,076, $25,000, and $82,500, respectively. The replacemen cost ($55,918) is due to diesel generators. The total operation and maintainance cost (O&M) is $268,737, that is, 25.6% for wind turbines, 1.2% for inverters, and 70.7% for diesel electric generators. The PV/wind/diesel generators HES generate 1,659,038 kWh of electricity. The total energy requirement of 1,442,553 kWh, which means a surplus of 212,553 kWh of energy/year. The total energy (kWh) is an integration of energy sources which are 427,276 (25.8%), 274,500 (16.5%), and 857,263 (57.7%), due to wind, solar and diesel generators respectively. The cost of yearly consumed fuel is $437,828.769. The payback period for the winning system is 1.8 years. Finally, it is proved that the developed approach gives a reasonable solution to the decision‐makers to find a fast, economic and reliable solution to energize the quarantine centers.
Evidence of risky driving in Korean older adults: A longitudinal cohort
Authors: Byeon Gihwan , Kwon Sung Ok , Jhoo Jin Hyeong , Jang Jae‐Won , Bae Jong Bin , Han Ji Won , Kim Tae Hui , Kwak Kyung Phil , Kim Bong Jo , Kim Shin Gyeom , Kim Jeong Lan , Moon Seok Woo , Park Joon Hyuk , Ryu Seung‐Ho , Youn Jong Chul , Lee Dong Woo , Lee Seok Bum , Lee Jung Jae , Lee Dong Young , Kim Ki Woong
Published: November 2022

Objectives

The aim of this study was to determine the differences in the risk factors for dangerous driving between older adults with normal cognition and those with cognitive impairment.

Design

The driving risk questionnaire (DRQ) that was applied to a community‐dwelling older adult cohort and 2 years of accident/violation records from the National Police Agency were analyzed. We conducted regression analyses with the presence or absence of risky driving based on records (accidents + violations) 2 years before and after evaluation as a dependent variable and dichotomized scores of each risky driving factor as independent variables.

Results

According to four identified factors—crash history, safety concern, reduced mileage, and aggressive driving—significant associations were found between risky driving over the past 2 years and crash history and for aggressive driving in the normal cognition group. In the cognitive impairment group, only crash history was significantly associated, although safety concerns showed a trend toward significance.

Conclusions

In this study, it was suggested that the factors of DRQ have a significant association with actual risky driving. Our results are expected to contribute to establishing the evidence for evaluating and predicting risky driving and advising whether to continue driving in clinics.
An objective analysis of composite free flap donor site morbidity in head and neck surgery: Prospective series
Authors: Russell Joshua , Volker Glen , McGarvey Declan , Sharpe Catherine , Breik Omar , Borgna Scott C. , Pateman Kelsey , Batstone Martin
Published: November 2022

Background

A poor evidence basis exists regarding the objective donor site morbidity associated with osseous free flap harvest. This study prospectively assessed the objective donor site morbidity associated with osseous free flap harvest for the fibula, scapula, and iliac crest (DCIA) donor sites.

Methods

A single‐site, prospective cohort clinical research study was conducted. Sixty‐four patients were recruited between 2017 and 2021. Patients were assessed using a donor site specific assessment tool pre‐operatively, and again >12 months post‐operatively.

Results

There was a significant reduction post‐operatively in assessment tool scores compared to the pre‐operative period for the fibula, scapula and DCIA. Females were more likely to report a greater reduction in Harris Hip Score post‐operatively compared to males.

Conclusions

The fibula, scapula, and DCIA donor sites are associated with reduced objective function post‐operatively compared to patient's pre‐operative baseline. The implications are least pronounced for the fibula.
Gaps in available published data on abortion in Uganda and the missed opportunity to inform policy and practice
Authors: Inzama Wilfred , Kaye Dan K. , Kayondo Simon P. , Nsanja John P.
Published: November 2022

Globally, 25% of pregnancies end up in induced abortion, the majority of which are unsafe. Abortion is safe when conducted according to WHO recommendations. The objective of the present study was to identify gaps in the data published on abortion and make recommendations to the Ministry of Health, Uganda. The search strategy included PubMed, Google Scholar articles (from October 2020 to May 2021) on unsafe abortion in Uganda, reviewed data from the Association of Obstetricians and Gynecologists of Uganda (AOGU) members' baseline survey (2019), Health Management Information System (HMIS) summary data (2015–2016 to 2019–2020), and the Uganda Demographic and Heath Survey (DHS) report (2011, 2016). From the 200 articles and national health surveys identified, 37 articles and two national representative surveys met our criteria: prevalence, factors, estimating cost of induced abortion, and complications associated with safe and unsafe abortion in both low‐ and high‐income countries. There are many unsafe abortions in restrictive environments. Abortion is one of the leading causes of maternal and morbidity. Physicians favor dilatation and curettage over manual vacuum aspiration and medical methods for the evacuation of retained products. Several gaps still exist in the published articles, HMIS data, and DHS data, leading to missed opportunities for data to inform policy and practice.
Short‐term outcomes after an enhanced recovery after surgery protocol in abdominal hysterectomies for leiomyomas in a teaching hospital
Authors: Alvarenga‐Bezerra Vanessa , Moretti‐Marques Renato , Barbosa Mariana G. , Rios Gabriela M. , Mengai Ana C. S. , Assir Fernanda F. , Pimenta Edna C. S. , Podgaec Sergio
Published: November 2022

Objective

To compare the perioperative outcomes of patients undergoing abdominal hysterectomies for leiomyomas before and after the implementation of an enhanced recovery after surgery (ERAS) protocol in a teaching hospital.

Methods

This prospective cohort study compared a patient group from a historical series (pre‐ERAS) with another group after ERAS implementation. Fasting time, length of hospital stay, complications, readmission rates, and procedure‐related hospital costs were analyzed.

Results

Altogether, 187 patients were included in the analysis: 92 (49.2%) and 95 (50.8%) in the pre‐ERAS and ERAS groups, respectively. Both groups had similar clinical characteristics. We observed reductions in surgical outcome findings: fasting time (13.9 to 6.7 h, P < 0.001), bladder catheter usage (21.1 to 10.9 h, P < 0.001), infection rates (20.7% to 5.3%, P = 0.002), length of stay (57.5 to 37.6 h), and 38.4% of the total estimated mean cost per procedure (USD $1570.8 to USD $967.2, P < 0.001) in the pre‐ERAS and ERAS groups, respectively. Hospital readmission rates (P > 0.99) did not increase.

Conclusion

ERAS protocol implementation for hysterectomies involving uterine leiomyomas reduced the length of hospital stay, surgical site infection rates, and hospital costs. A mean savings of USD $603.6 per procedure would allow 62.4% more hysterectomies to be performed.
Relationships between saturated paste and 1:1 or 1:5 soil/water extract sodium adsorption ratios
Authors: Kargas George , Londra Paraskevi A. , Koka Dimitrios , Sgoubopoulou Anastasia
Published: November 2022

This study investigates the relationship between the sodium adsorption ratio acquired by the saturated paste extract (SARe) method and those acquired by 1:1 and 1:5 soil/water extracts (SAR1:1 and SAR1:5) by using 122 surface soil samples from 5 agricultural areas of Greece. The soil samples are classified as medium to fine textured with negligible gypsum content and low organic carbon content. The United States Department of Agriculture (USDA) method was used to obtain all extracts. The results showed that the relationships between SARe and SAR1:1, as well as SARe and SAR1:5, are strongly linear, with a higher coefficient of determination (R2) observed in the case of the SARe–SAR1:1 relationship. The linear regression equations were SARe = 1.21·SAR1:1 (R2 = 0.954) and SARe = 2.22·SAR1:5 (R2 = 0.828). The linearity of the SARe–SAR1:5 relationship was stronger when the calcium carbonate content of soils was greater than 4%. Linear relationships were also observed between the electrical conductivity (EC) relationships ECe–EC1:1 and ECe–EC1:5 and between the concentrations of ions Na+, Ca2+ and Mg2+ derived from saturated paste extract and each of the 1:1 and 1:5 extracts. The 1:1 method was more effective than the 1:5 method in the prediction of EC, SAR and ion concentrations of the preferred index of the saturated paste extract method.
SELF‐TUNING CONTROLLER WITH INTEGRAL ACTION
Authors: Allidina A. Y. , Hughes F. M.
Published: November 2022

A common approach to eliminate steady‐state error between system output and its reference is to incorporate an integrator into the control loop itself. In this paper the self‐tuning controller is analysed when a digital integrator is cascaded with the system. It is shown how this leads to the alternative approach of employing a particular form of the cost function minimized by the controller. The two approaches are not directly equivalent, and this paper deals with the similarities and differences of these two approaches of eliminating zero steady‐state error. It also discusses various forms of cost function specifications for achieving zero error.
MULTIVARIATE SELF‐TUNING PROCESS CONTROL
Authors: Morris A. J. , Nazer Y. , Wood R. K.
Published: November 2022

Self‐tuning controllers have been applied to the control of overhead and bottom compositions of a binary distillation column. Evaluation of the controllers has been performed by simulation, using a comprehensive mathematical model of distillation column dynamics, and subsequent experimental testing carried out on a pilot scale column interfaced to a HP‐1000 distributed computer system. Control of overhead composition, bottoms composition and simultaneous control of both terminal compositions was studied. The simultaneous control of both compositions involved the use of a multivariate formulation of the controller and its extension to multirate sampling. Problems associated with load disturbance rejection and control loop behaviour are discussed.
A CONTINUOUS‐TIME APPROACH TO DISCRETE‐TIME SELF‐TUNING CONTROL
Authors: Gawthrop P. J.
Published: November 2022

It is suggested that it is appropriate to design discrete‐time self‐tuning controllers from a continuous‐time (as opposed to purely discrete‐time) point of view. Such a design method is outlined, and is shown to overcome some well known problems associated with self‐tuning controllers.
SELF‐TUNING CONTROL OF AN INDUSTRIAL PHOSPHATE DRY PROCESS
Authors: Najim K. , Najim M. , Youlal H.
Published: November 2022

This paper presents experimental results of an application of self‐tuning control to an industrial process. The process involved is an industrial phosphate dryer. The main control objective is to keep the moisture content of the dried phosphate close to a constant desired value (1‐5 per cent) and at the same time to minimize the energy consumption, despite feed flow rate variations (100~240t/h) and variable moisture content of the damp phosphate (7 ~ 20 per cent).

A simplified model of the complex dynamics of the physical plant was assumed. The controller uses a recursive factorization parameters estimator (either square root or upper diagonal factorization form) based on the method of least squares, to estimate an implicit plant‐controller model for the control design. The algorithm employed is based on a generalized minimum variance strategy. Both set point following and feedforward control actions are included in the tuning strategy.

The results of the self‐tuning control experiment reported in this paper are compared with the controlled performances achieved when using conventional multi‐loop PID regulators, operating on steady state. The results obtained over several weeks of continuous experimentation illustrate the key features of self‐adaptive control, especially its inherent capability to adapt to the change of the operating point, where conventional control fails.

A 4‐3 per cent saving was gained by the use of the presented algorithm compared to the best controlled performances that were achieved when using conventional PID regulators. Thus this provides a heavy motive to introduce advanced computer control to the Moroccan phosphate industry in an economic way.
Trajectories of nonsuicidal self‐injury during adolescence
Authors: Tilton‐Weaver Lauree , Latina Delia , Marshall Sheila K.
Published: November 2022

Objective

Although nonsuicidal self‐injury is a public health concern, there is little information on how it changes across adolescence or what contributes to stability or change. We aimed to identify trajectories of stability and change in self‐injury from ages 13 to 17 years, and to identify interpersonal and intrapersonal correlates that differentiate between trajectories of stability and change.

Method

We used five annual waves of cohort‐sequential data, targeting 7th and 8th graders attending all public schools in three municipalities in central Sweden. The data were gathered via questionnaires, using a multi‐item measure of non‐suicidal self‐injury and assessing negative experiences at home, in school, with peers, and in romantic settings, as well as intrapersonal issues (internalizing symptoms and difficulties with emotional, and behavioral regulation). The analytic sample was 3195 adolescents (51.7% boys, 48.3% girls; ages 12–16 years at T1, M = 13.61; SD = 0.66), most of whom were born in Sweden (88.6%) to at least one parent of Swedish origin (77.4%).

Results

Latent growth curve modeling revealed three self‐injury trajectories: a stable‐low, a low‐increasing, and an increasing‐decreasing trajectory. Adolescents in the stable‐low class reported the best overall adjustment at ages 13 and 16. Comparatively, adolescents in the other two classes reported similar levels of difficulty interpersonally and intrapersonally. Where they differed, the increase‐decrease class fared worse than the low‐increasing class.

Conclusions

This study suggests the need to frame self‐injury as having multiple directions of development during adolescence and develop theory that aligns with differential patterns of self‐injury development.
Fanpy: A python library for prototyping multideterminant methods in ab initio quantum chemistry
Authors: Kim Taewon D. , Richer M. , Sánchez‐Díaz Gabriela , Miranda‐Quintana Ramón Alain , Verstraelen Toon , Heidar‐Zadeh Farnaz , Ayers Paul W.
Published: November 2022

Fanpy is a free and open‐source Python library for developing and testing multideterminant wavefunctions and related ab initio methods in electronic structure theory. The main use of Fanpy is to quickly prototype new methods by making it easier to convert the mathematical formulation of a new wavefunction ansätze to a working implementation. Fanpy is designed based on our recently introduced Flexible Ansatz for N‐electron Configuration Interaction (FANCI) framework, where multideterminant wavefunctions are represented by their overlaps with Slater determinants of orthonormal spin‐orbitals. In the simplest case, a new wavefunction ansatz can be implemented by simply writing a function for evaluating its overlap with an arbitrary Slater determinant. Fanpy is modular in both implementation and theory: the wavefunction model, the system's Hamiltonian, and the choice of objective function are all independent modules. This modular structure makes it easy for users to mix and match different methods and for developers to quickly explore new ideas. Fanpy is written purely in Python with standard dependencies, making it accessible for various operating systems. In addition, it adheres to principles of modern software development, including comprehensive documentation, extensive testing, quality assurance, and continuous integration and delivery protocols. This article is considered to be the official release notes for the Fanpy library.
Investigation of differences in coagulation characteristics between hospitalized patients with SARS‐CoV‐2 Alpha, Delta, and Omicron variant infection using rotational thromboelastometry (ROTEM): A single‐center, retrospective, observational study
Authors: Matsuoka Ayaka , Koami Hiroyuki , Shinada Kota , Sakamoto Yuichiro
Published: November 2022

Background

The severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 Omicron variant has a low rate of serious illness, is highly contagious, and has spread rapidly since January 2022. The number of severe cases and deaths remains problematic. Here, we aimed to elucidate the coagulation pathology of Omicron‐infected patients using rotational thromboelastometry.

Methods

Patients with coronavirus disease 2019, hospitalized and treated from January 2021 to April 2022, were included. The Alpha–Delta and Omicron groups were defined during admission. Blood tests, clinical course, and rotational thromboelastometry measurements were compared using a propensity score‐matched cohort.

Results

Both groups had 21 patients each. Lactate dehydrogenase (Alpha–Delta group [interquartile range] vs. Omicron group [interquartile range]; 449 [368–518] U/L vs. 241 [196–398] U/L, p = 0.01) and ferritin (1428 [1145–3061] ng/dl vs. 481 [188–881] ng/dl, p = 0.0002) levels were significantly lower in the Omicron group. In rotational thromboelastometry, the thrombus hardness indexes FIBTEM A5 (29 [23–34] mm vs. 23 [18–28] mm, p = 0.034) and maximum clot firmness (34 [27–40] mm vs. 26 [21–33] mm, p = 0.021) were significantly lower in the Omicron group, whereas the fibrinolysis index FIBTEM LI60 (98 [92–100] % vs. 100 [100–100] %, p = 0.0082) was higher.

Conclusion

Severe coagulation abnormalities may be less likely in Omicron‐infected patients than in those infected with the previous Alpha and Delta variants.
Exploring the processes of connection and disconnection in imagery work in a patient with depression and dependent personality disorder
Authors: Leboeuf Isabelle , Antoine Pascal
Published: November 2022

Imagery work is a useful therapeutic tool in the treatment of depression. It is central in different therapeutic approaches, such as cognitive behavioral therapy and compassion‐focused therapy. The clinical case of Cynthia is presented. Cynthia started therapy for severe depression associated with social anxiety and dependent personality disorder. At different key moments in the therapy, the proposed change strategies led to ruptures in the therapeutic alliance. For example, difficulties in accepting depression, fears of being judged by the therapist, guided imagery of compassion and work on the termination of therapy were both triggers of ruptures and spaces for working on the issues linked to the therapeutic relationship. The interactions between different factors of the therapeutic relationship from the perspectives of both the patient and therapist and the implementation of imagery practices in session are presented.
Using a social discounting task to measure differential personal information sharing
Authors: Battaglia Jacob , Romanowich Paul
Published: November 2022

A recent social discounting study showed that individuals share personal information in a similar way to money, suggesting that personal information has quantifiable properties for individuals. This is important because many online scams, such as phishing, target sharing different forms of personal information. However, no previous study has tested whether different forms of personal information are shared more or less than others. The current study used a modified social discounting task to test whether there were differences in the amount of personal information shared across four different forms: identification, financial, health, and security information. A between‐participant experiment enrolling 100 college‐aged participants showed that individuals had a significantly higher discounting rate for health information compared to three other forms of personal information, suggesting that health information was shared more for the participants. There were no statistically significant discounting rate differences between the other three forms of personal information. The results demonstrate that the social discounting task is a viable way to assess differential sharing for personal information. Future research should examine why health information is shared less than other forms of personal information, and whether this increases risk for falling prey to phishing scams targeting different forms of personal information.
Multiparametric MR Imaging Radiomics Signatures for Assessing the Recurrence Risk of ER+/HER2− Breast Cancer Quantified With 21‐Gene Recurrence Score
Authors: Chen Yang , Tang Wei , Liu Wei , Li Ruimin , Wang Qifeng , Shen Xigang , Gong Jing , Gu Yajia , Peng Weijun
Published: November 2022

Background

While the Oncotype DX 21‐gene recurrence score (RS) has been recommended for guiding ER+/HER2− breast cancer treatment decisions, it is limited by cost and availability.

Purpose

To develop a multiparametric MRI‐based radiomics model for assessing ER+/HER2− breast cancer patients' 21‐gene RS.

Study Type

Retrospective.

Subjects

A total of 151 patients with pathologically confirmed ER+/HER2− breast cancers, who underwent preoperative breast MR examinations and 21‐gene expression assays, divided into training (n = 106) and validation (n = 45) cohorts.

Field Strength/Sequence

T2‐weighted imaging (T2WI), diffusion‐weighted imaging (DWI), and dynamic contrast‐enhancement (DCE) sequence at 1.5 T or 3 T.

Assessment

A total of 1046 radiomics features were extracted from each MRI sequence with a manual lesion segmentation method. After feature dimension reduction by the recursive feature elimination method and dataset balance by the synthetic minority oversampling technique, linear support vector machine classifier models were built to distinguish high RS (RS ≥ 26) from low RS (RS < 26) from T2WI, DWI apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC) maps, DCE and their combination (multiparametric). A model based on clinical characteristics and a fusion model combining clinical characteristics and multiparametric MRI were also built.

Statistical Tests

Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve analysis and De Long's test with Bonferroni correction were used. A P value <0.01 was considered statistically significant.

Results

The area under the ROC curve (AUC) value of multiparametric radiomics model was 0.92, significantly higher than DCE (0.83), T2WI (0.78), and ADC (0.77) models in the training cohort. The radiomics model also achieved good performance in the validation cohort (AUC = 0.77). The fusion model had significantly higher performance than the clinical model in both the training (AUC = 0.92 and 0.64, respectively) and validation cohorts (AUC = 0.78 and 0.62, respectively).

Data Conclusion

The proposed multiparametric MRI‐based radiomics models may have potential to help distinguish ER+/HER2− breast cancer patients' recurrence risk.

Evidence Level

3.

Technical Efficacy

Stage 2.
Impact of social media usage on job performance and employee retention: Role of knowledge sharing and organizational commitment
Authors: Chauhan Rishab
Published: November 2022

The business world is changing at an accelerated rate, and the key driver of this change is technology. Technologies largely dominate social networking and knowledge sharing activities in organizations through social media (SM). As SM is used in organizations for both work‐related and social‐related purposes, understanding its impact on job performance and employee retention is important. Hence, through the lens of organizational commitment theory and by analyzing a sample of 426 IT employees, this study attempted to explore the influence of SM usage on job performance and employee retention through knowledge sharing and organizational commitment. The significant outcomes of this study are as follows: (1) both work‐related and social‐related SM usage positively influence organizational commitment through knowledge sharing; (2) social media usage positively impacts job performance and employee retention by enhancing employee knowledge sharing capability and organizational commitment. Implications of this study provide meaningful insights for both academics and practitioners.
Serum, saliva, and gingival tissue human β‐defensin levels in relation to retinoic acid use
Authors: Atalay Nur , Balci Nur , Toygar Hilal Uslu , Yardimci Gurkan , Gürsoy Ulvi Kahraman
Published: November 2022

Background

Retinoic acid is an active derivative of vitamin A and regulates the differentiation, proliferation, and antimicrobial peptide expression profiles of human cells. The aim of the present study was to analyze the effect of systemic retinoic acid use on serum, saliva, and gingival tissue levels of human β‐defensin (hBD)‐1, hBD‐2, and hBD‐3.

Methods

A total of 69 participants (34 systemic retinoic acid users and 35 healthy controls) were enrolled in this study. Plaque index, probing pocket depth, bleeding on probing (BOP), and clinical attachment loss were measured. Saliva and serum hBD‐1, hBD‐2, and hBD‐3 levels were quantified by enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assay. Gingival tissue hBD‐1, hBD‐2, and hBD‐3 levels were determined by immunohistochemistry. A univariate general linear model was used in adjusted comparisons of hBD1, hBD‐2, and hBD‐3. P values of < 0.05 were considered statistically significant.

Results

Reduced salivary levels of hBD‐2 (P = 0.042), but not hBD‐1 or hBD‐3, were detected in systemic retinoic acid users compared to non‐user controls. There was a significant difference in the adjusted (for BOP%) salivary hBD‐2 concentrations between retinoic acid and control groups (P = 0.031). No difference was observed in serum or tissue levels of hBD‐1, hBD‐2, or hBD‐3 between the two study groups.

Conclusion

Systemic retinoic acid use was associated with suppressed salivary hBD‐2 level, which was independent of gingival inflammation.
Upcycling soy processing waste (okara) into structured emulsions for fat replacement in sweet bread
Authors: Plazzotta Stella , Nicoli Maria Cristina , Manzocco Lara
Published: November 2022

BACKGROUND

Okara is the main waste of soy processing and represents a large economic and environmental burden. Nevertheless, the fibre and protein content of okara supports the upcycling of this critical waste. This study aimed at assessing the potentialities of okara as an innovative oil‐structuring ingredient.

RESULTS

Structured emulsions containing up to 520 g oil kg−1 and having oil holding capacity higher than 75% were prepared by high‐shear mixing of okara with liquid oil. Microstructural analysis showed that the oil phase was evenly distributed in the okara matrix, probably due to the emulsification ability of the okara fibre–protein network. The performance of okara structured emulsions as palm margarine replacer were tested in the preparation of sweet bread. Okara emulsions (500 g oil kg−1) resulted not only in a significant reduction of saturated fatty acids (>50%), but also in an increased protein and fibre content. Compared to the use of liquid oil solely, okara emulsions allowed reducing the oil released from bread loaf. Bread containing okara emulsion also presented physical and sensory properties similar to those of palm margarine bread, the only exception being a more perceivable oiliness and rancid defect, which are, however, easily preventable by applying appropriate formulation strategies.

CONCLUSION

The use of okara as innovative ingredient for oil structuring would answer the current demand for sustainable heathy diets, based on clean‐label foods with low‐saturated fat content, and increased protein and fibre supply. This approach would also allow the complete upcycling of this critical waste. © 2022 Society of Chemical Industry.
A positive temperature‐dependent effect of elevated CO2 on growth and lipid accumulation in the planktonic copepod, Calanus finmarchicus
Authors: Fields David M. , Runge Jeffrey A. , Thompson Cameron R. S. , Durif Caroline M. F. , Shema Steven D. , Bjelland Reidun M. , Niemisto Maura , Arts Michael T. , Skiftesvik Anne Berit , Browman Howard I.
Published: November 2022

Calanus finmarchicus were reared from eggs to adults at 12°C and 16°C with non‐limiting food in combination with ambient (600 μatm) and high (1100 μatm) pCO2. These conditions are likely to be encountered by the species at the southern margins of its biogeographical range by the end of the century. Dry weight (DW), carbon (C) and nitrogen (N) mass, oil‐sac volume (OSV), fatty acid composition (FA), and oxygen consumption rates (OCR) were measured on newly molted stage CV copepodites and recently molted adult females. By focusing our measurements on these precise events in the life cycle, we were able to obtain a more accurate comparison of growth and respiration across treatments. Copepods raised at 12°C had a significantly greater DW, OSV, and C and N mass than those raised at 16°C High pCO2, independent of temperature, was associated with a further increase in the DW and C content of the copepods. Interactive effects of temperature and pCO2 resulted in a larger OSV at low temperature and high pCO2. Mass‐specific respiration rates were significantly lower at lower temperatures and elevated pCO2 suggesting that the increase in mass (DW, C, and OSV) resulted from reduced metabolic cost. The composition of fatty acids in the copepods varied mainly with temperature. Two fatty acids varied with pCO2: 16:0 tended to decrease with higher pCO2 and 18:3n−3 tended to increase with higher pCO2. These observations suggest that elevated pCO2/lower pH in future oceans may have a beneficial effect on C. finmarchicus.
Corrosion behavior of the high‐strength low alloy steel welded joint in natural seawater
Authors: Liu Xuehui , Sui Yongqiang , Zhang Huixia , Tong Hongtao , Song Hongqing
Published: November 2022

In this work, the corrosion behavior of high‐strength low alloy (HSLA) steel welded joints in natural seawater solution was investigated by electrochemical and immersion tests. The experimental results prove that the corrosion resistance of the weld metal (WM) was higher than that of the base metal (BM). The scanning Kelvin probe results show that the potential distribution of the BM zone is lower than the heat‐affected zone (HAZ) and WM zone. The scanning vibrating electrode technique results demonstrate that the initial attack for the HSLA welded joint majorly took place in the BM zone after immersion in natural seawater. The corrosion morphology of the HSLA welded joint after immersion was observed by scanning electron microscope. The corrosion morphology of BM and HAZ regions tends to be uniform corrosion, whereas it is mainly pitting corrosion for the WM zone.
Pitting corrosion behavior and mechanism of 5083 aluminum alloy based on dry‐wet cycle exposure
Authors: Wan Ye , Li Lijun , Jin Yunan , Li Yanbo , Zhu Xu
Published: November 2022

Electrochemical and surface analysis methods were used to investigate the pitting susceptibility and propagation of as‐received and dry‐wet cycle exposed 5083 aluminum alloy (AA5083) specimens. We find that dry‐wet cycle exposure can reduce the corrosion potential, while increasing the corrosion current density, pitting potential (Ep), and passivation range. The pitting corrosion behavior during the dry‐wet cycle process depends on the exposure temperature and time. Increased exposure temperature and time result in reduced pitting percentage and corrosion altitude and decreased microhardness of the corrosion products, which promotes the pitting sensitivity of AA5083. The underlying pitting mechanism is proposed by employing the morphology and microstructures of the corrosion products.
Newton's method for stochastic semilinear wave equations driven by multiplicative time‐space noise
Authors: Leszczyński Henryk , Wrzosek Monika
Published: November 2022

Semilinear wave equations with additive or one‐dimensional noise are treatable by various iterative and numerical methods. We study more difficult models of semilinear wave equations with infinite dimensional multiplicative spatially correlated noise. Our proof of probabilistic second‐order convergence of some iterative methods is based on Da Prato and Zabczyk's maximal inequalities.
Shimming toolbox: An open‐source software toolbox for B0 and B1 shimming in MRI
Authors: D'Astous Alexandre , Cereza Gaspard , Papp Daniel , Gilbert Kyle M. , Stockmann Jason P. , Alonso‐Ortiz Eva , Cohen‐Adad Julien
Published: November 2022

Purpose

Introduce Shimming Toolbox (
https://shimming‐toolbox.org), an open‐source software package for prototyping new methods and performing static, dynamic, and real‐time B0 shimming as well as B1 shimming experiments.

Methods

Shimming Toolbox features various field mapping techniques, manual and automatic masking for the brain and spinal cord, B0 and B1 shimming capabilities accessible through a user‐friendly graphical user interface. Validation of Shimming Toolbox was demonstrated in three scenarios: (i) B0 dynamic shimming in the brain at 7T using custom AC/DC coils, (ii) B0 real‐time shimming in the spinal cord at 3T, and (iii) B1 static shimming in the spinal cord at 7T.

Results

The B0 dynamic shimming of the brain at 7T took about 10 min to perform. It showed a 47% reduction in the standard deviation of the B0 field, associated with noticeable improvements in geometric distortions in EPI images. Real‐time dynamic xyz‐shimming in the spinal cord took about 5 min and showed a 30% reduction in the standard deviation of the signal distribution. B1 static shimming experiments in the spinal cord took about 10 min to perform and showed a 40% reduction in the coefficient of variation of the B1 field.

Conclusion

Shimming Toolbox provides an open‐source platform where researchers can collaborate, prototype and conveniently test B0 and B1 shimming experiments. Future versions will include additional field map preprocessing techniques, optimization algorithms, and compatibility across multiple MRI manufacturers.
Efficacy and safety of intravenous iron sucrose in children younger than 2 years with intestinal failure
Authors: Lepus Chelsea A. , Samela Kate , Mokha Jasmeet S.
Published: November 2022

Iron‐deficiency anemia (IDA) is highly prevalent in children with intestinal failure (IF) and oral iron supplementation is often ineffective in this patient population. Even though various intravenous (IV) iron formulations are available, there is a dearth of data on the use of newer parenteral iron products such as IV iron sucrose, especially in infants and young children (<2 years of age) with IF. To determine safety and efficacy, we performed a retrospective chart review on infants and children younger than 2 years with IF who received IV iron sucrose for IDA between October 2019 and August 2021. The review revealed that 10 events of IV iron sucrose replacement were administered to five children aged 4–22 months with IF and IDA. We observed a mean increase in hemoglobin of 1.9 ± 0.6 g/dl, and peak hemoglobin levels were seen at 4.3 ± 0.8 weeks after the IV iron sucrose dose. The infusions were well tolerated, and no short‐term adverse reactions or laboratory abnormalities were observed. Based on these observations, the use of IV iron sucrose appears to be safe and effective in infants and young children with IF and could be considered in the management of IDA in this patient population.
A systematic review and meta‐analysis: Assessment of hospital walking programs among older patients
Authors: Loyd Christine , Zhang Yue , Weisberg Tara , Boyett James , Huckaby Elizabeth R. , Grundhoefer Jeri , Otero Steve , Roberts Lisa , Giordano‐Mooga Samantha , Capo‐Lugo Carmen , Smith Catherine H. , Kennedy Richard E. , King Barbara J. , Brown Cynthia J.
Published: November 2022

Aim

The aim of this study is to assess effect of hospital walking programs on outcomes for older inpatients and to characterize hospital walking dose reported across studies.

Design

A systematic review and meta‐analysis examining impact of hospital walking and/or reported walking dose among medical‐surgical inpatients. For inclusion, studies were observational or experimental, published in English, enrolled inpatients aged ≥ 65 yrs hospitalized for medical or surgical reasons.

Methods

Searches of PubMed, CINAHL, Embase, Scopus, NICHSR, OneSearch, ClinicalTrials.gov, and PsycINFO were completed in December 2020. Two reviewers screened sources, extracted data, and performed quality bias appraisal.

Results

Hospital walking dose was reported in 6 studies and commonly as steps/24 hr. Length of stay (LOS) was a common outcome reported. Difference in combined mean LOS between walking and control groups was −5.89 days. Heterogeneity across studies was considerable (I2 = 96%) suggesting poor precision of estimates. Additional, high‐quality trials examining hospital walking and patient outcomes of older patients is needed.
Psychological distress of adolescent and young adult childhood cancer survivors in a South African cohort
Authors: Van Zyl Anel , Kruger Mariana , Ndlovu Sandile , Meehan Sue‐Ann , Rogers Paul C.
Published: November 2022

Background

We investigated psychological distress in a South African childhood cancer survivor (CCS) cohort.

Methods

Adult CCSs treated at Tygerberg Hospital, Cape Town, completed the Brief Symptom Inventory‐18. Internal consistency was acceptable: Cronbach's alpha values were 0.91 (Global Severity Index (GSI)), 0.85 (depression), 0.83 (somatization), and 0.75 (anxiety). We compared results utilizing different case rules (GSI T scores of ≥50, ≥57, and ≥63) for the identification of psychological distress.

Results

Forty CCSs (median age 24 years; median follow‐up period 16 years) participated. Most (58%; 23 out of 40) completed school or tertiary education, were unmarried (90%; 36 out of 40), and unemployed (59.5%; 22 out of 37). The diagnoses included hematological malignancies (65%; 26 out of 40) and solid tumors (35%; 14 out of 40). The GSI T scores of ≥63, ≥57, and ≥50 identified 10% (four out of 40), 32.5% (13 out of 40), and 45% (18 out of 40) of survivors with psychological distress, respectively. Radiotherapy (odds ratio (OR) 4.6; p = .035), presence of ≥six late effects (OR 7.5; p = .026), and severe late effects (OR 6.6; p = .024) were significant risk factors (GSI T score ≥57). Follow‐up period of 11–20 years (OR 7.3; p = .034) was significant for a GSI T score ≥50.

Conclusion

This South African CCS cohort had higher levels of psychological distress utilizing the GSI T score ≥50 and ≥57 case rules than reported in the literature. Most were unmarried or unemployed. Significant contributing factors were radiotherapy, number and severity of late effects, and follow‐up period. CCSs must be screened for psychological distress.
Design, fabrication and characterization of silane tailored surface of halloysite based polymer nanocomposites
Authors: Uner Gizem , Karakus Gulderen , Kaplan Can Hatice
Published: November 2022

In recent years, polymeric drug conjugates, nanoparticles, nanocapsules, liposomes, micelles, dendrimers, and nanogels have been gained a great attention. Organically modified layered nanoclays have become an attractive hybrid biomaterial due to their wide range of uses, which can be designed with desired properties in a wide variety of applications from industry to medicine. Functional water‐soluble poly(maleic anhydride‐alt‐acrylic acid) [poly(MA‐alt‐AA)], synthesized in our previous study, was chosen for the prepare of halloysite/polymer nanocomposite. Surface modification of halloysite nanotubes (HNTs) with 3‐aminopropyltriethoxysilane (APTS) was performed to obtain organic functionalized halloysite and also for better compatibility of nanotubes (NTs) with monomers. Nanocomposite were obtained by in situ solution complex‐radical copolymerization via charge transfer complex under conditions of copolymerization, using pristine and APTS functionalized HNTs, acrylic acid (AA), and maleic anhydride (MA) monomers. Optimization study using different clay ratios and recipe for organic–inorganic compatibility also were carried out. Characterization studies of halloysite, modified halloysite, copolymers and the formed copolymer‐HNT nanotubes were enlighten by using spectroscopic analyzes such as, Attenuated Total Reflectance‐Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (ATR‐FTIR), High resolution Raman (HR‐Raman), X‐Ray Diffraction Measurements (XRD) and X‐Ray Photoelectron Spectroscopy (XPS). Thermal analysis and dynamic mechanical properties were performed with Thermogravimetric Analysis (TGA) and Dynamic Mechanical Analysis (DMA), respectively. Surface morphology was also carried out by Transmission Electron Microscopy (TEM). In the light of these detailed analysis results, it can be briefly concluded that surface modification of HNT, synthesis of copolymer/HNT nanocomposites, and structural characterization successfully achieved.
Effect of infill pattern on the mechanical properties of polydopamine‐coated polylactic acid orthopedic bone plates developed by fused filament fabrication
Authors: Sharma Shrutika , Gupta Vishal , Mudgal Deepa
Published: November 2022

Distal fractures are the most commonly experienced type of fractures that require fixation of bone plates for healing of fractured bones. Poly Lactic Acid (PLA)‐based bone plates are porous and light in weight. However, they lack mechanical properties that limit their application in biomedical field. Polydopamine coating has been witnessed to undergo covalent interactions, enhancing the mechanical properties of the substrate. The present study is based on the fabrication of PLA‐based bone plates using Fused Filament Fabrication with varying infill patterns. The infill patterns in the study include octet, cubic, grid, concentric, lines, and gyroid. Thereafter, polydopamine coating was deposited on these bone plates using direct immersion coating method. In the study, the effect of infill pattern on coating deposition and modification of mechanical properties has been studied. The microscopic images of fractured bone plates were captured. It was concluded that polydopamine coating was successful in improving mechanical properties for all infill patterns. The findings suggested that a concentric pattern should be used for applications that require both high mechanical strength and maximum elongation at break because elongation at break is higher for concentric patterns than gyroid patterns. Also, for applications requiring only high mechanical strength, a gyroid pattern should be used.
Quantum computing – the photonic approach
Authors: Förtsch Michael , Wintermantel Tobias M.
Published: November 2022

More than thirty billion dollars has gone into funding quantum technologies, and much of this money has been allocated to quantum computing projects. Accordingly, a large number of different realizations for quantum computing are being developed. The photonic approach is one of the most promising of these ideas because it is based on well‐known materials, established production processes, and operation at room temperature.
Obstructive sleep apnea in young infants: Sleep position dependence and spontaneous improvement
Authors: Kukkola Hanna‐Leena , Kirjavainen Turkka
Published: November 2022

Objectives

The natural evolution of obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) in young infants is not established.

Methods

We re‐evaluated 10‐year pediatric sleep center infant polysomnography (PSG) data, excluding infants with syndromes, genetic defects, structural anomalies or periodic breathing > 5% of sleep time.

Results

Obstructive events > 1 h‐1 were evident in 255 infants, of which 91 were eligible for the study. Of the 38 infants in a follow‐up study, 30 (79%) were male, 15 (40%) were born prematurely, 25 (66%) had observed apneas, and 13 (33%) had experienced a brief, unexplained event or had a sibling of the infant died suddenly. The first PSG was performed at a median corrected age of 4 weeks (interquartile range [IQR] 2−7) and the second at 11 weeks (IQR 9−14). The obstructive apnea and hypopnea index (OAHI) was greater in the supine compared to side‐sleeping position in both recordings (p < 0.001), whereas OAHI dropped from 10 h‐1 (IQR 6−24) in the first PSG to 3 h‐1 (IQR 1−9) in the second PSG (p < 0.001). OSA alleviation was also observable as a decrease in the number of oxygen desaturations (p < 0.001), as a decrease in transcutaneous (p = 0.001) and end‐tidal carbon dioxide (p = 0.01) 95th percentile levels, and work of breathing (p = 0.002). Seven infants had a third PSG to verify a satisfactory improvement of OSA.

Conclusions

OSA in young infants without a clear syndrome or structural anomaly is sleep position dependent and shows improvement during the following few months.