bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Carl Gottlieb Svarez und das Verhältnis von Herrschaft und Recht im aufgeklärten Absolutismus
Authors: Kuhli Milan
Published: December 2021

Das Spannungsverhältnis, das dem Begriff des aufgeklärten Absolutismus inhärent ist, setzt sich zu einem gewissen Grad in einer Dichotomie von Herrschaft und Recht fort. Das Buch analysiert das Verhältnis dieser beiden Größen aus der Perspektive von Carl Gottlieb Svarez (1746–1798), der die Gesetzgebung der preußischen Staaten im ausgehenden 18. Jahrhundert wie kein anderer beeinflusst hat, vor allem durch seine Arbeit als Hauptverantwortlicher an der Entstehung des Allgemeinen Preußischen Landrechts von 1794. Der Autor analysiert die Ansätze des Rechtsreformers zum Verhältnis von Herrschaft und Recht auf zwei unterschiedlichen Ebenen. Auf einer ersten – theoretischen – Ebene werden Svarez’ Gedanken und Reflexionen untersucht, die er in seinen vielfältigen Abhandlungen, Aktennotizen und Vorträgen dargelegt hat. Auf einer zweiten – praktischen – Ebene wird der Frage nachgegangen, inwieweit er seine Ideen in der preußischen Rechtswirklichkeit umsetzen konnte. Untersucht wird in diesem Zusammenhang, ob und in welchem Umfang das Allgemeine Preußische Landrecht dazu bestimmt war, den monarchischen Herrscher rechtlichen Bindungen zu unterwerfen. Vor diesem Hintergrund wird unter anderem die Frage beleuchtet, welche Auffassungen Friedrich der Große zum Verhältnis von Herrschaft und Recht vertrat und welche Motive dafür bestimmend waren, dass sein Nachfolger kurz vor Inkrafttreten der Privatrechtskodifikation eine Schlussrevision derselben anordnete, in deren Verlauf einige zentrale Bestimmungen gestrichen wurden. Die Frankfurter Dissertation (Doktorvater: Professor Dr. Lothar Gall) wurde mit dem Dissertationspreis 2011 des Stiftungsfonds Kopper der Stiftung "pro universitate" (Frankfurt am Main) ausgezeichnet.
Il giuramento di innocenza nel processo canonico medievale
Authors: Fiori Antonia
Published: December 2021

The oath of innocence, or purgation, constituted a part of canon law for almost a millennium. It has nevertheless been largely neglected by studies on medieval canonical procedure. This book seeks to reconstruct the history of the oath of purgation specifically from the perspective of canon law. Over the centuries, the function of the so-called "purgatio canonica" never changed: priests of the Church were required to swear their innocence when charged with any criminal offence for which evidence of guilt was lacking. It is while dealing with the canonical purgation that the canonists also developed the notion of infamia facti, a concept of social disrepute with real legal significance. Within a short space of time this inspired the most significant innovations in medieval legal procedure: the introduction of the inquisitorial process alongside the accusatorial model, the elaboration of a canonical theory of legal presumptions, and the justification of judicial torture. The history of the oath of purgation thus provides a unique perspective from which to observe the transformations which occurred in canon law procedure and wider legal culture throughout the course of the Middle Ages.
Verwandtschaft – Erbrecht – Königswahlen
Authors: Wolf Armin
Published: December 2021

Die Entstehung des Kurfürstenkollegs galt als „Fundamentalrätsel der deutschen Verfassungsgeschichte“. Wolfs Lösung: „Wahlberechtigt waren die Erbberechtigten“. Die deutschen Königshäuser der Ottonen, Salier, Staufer starben zwar alle nach einem Jahrhundert im Mannesstamm aus, lebten aber über Töchter fort. Die Vertreter dieser Tochterstämme, die gradnah und erbberechtigt von früheren Königen abstammten, waren identisch mit den erstmals bei der staufisch-welfischen Doppelwahl 1198 überlieferten weltlichen Königswählern aus 19 Dynastien. 1298 vereinigten sich bei der Wahl Albrechts von Österreich erstmals die sieben Kurfürsten unter Ausschluss anderer. Dabei vertraten die weltlichen Wähler die Tochterstämme König Rudolfs von Habsburg. Ihre Vereinigung (unio) wurde in der Goldenen Bulle 1356 kodifiziert. Die beiden Bände versammeln 7 neue und 26 aktualisierte Aufsätze des Autors zu einem zentralen Thema seines wissenschaftlichen Werkes. Sie enthalten darüber hinaus 125 genealogische Tafeln, Synopsen und Tabellen, 32 Abbildungen und 17 Karten.
Phänomenologie und Vollzug
Authors: Cimino Antonio
Published: December 2021

In diesem Buch erschließt Antonio Cimino Heideggers phänomenologische Hermeneutik des faktischen Lebens aus einer neuen Perspektive, indem er den Begriff der Performativität ins Spiel bringt. Dabei wird Heideggers frühe Philosophie als eine performative Phänomenologie interpretiert, die sich bei der Auseinandersetzung mit der Frage nach dem Vollzugssinn der menschlichen Existenz in der Erste-Person-Perspektive vollzieht und artikuliert. In diesem Zusammenhang werden methodologische Probleme in den Vordergrund gestellt, wobei die Konzeption der hermeneutischen Intuition und der formal anzeigenden Begrifflichkeit eine fundamentale Rolle spielt.
Selbstsein und Recht
Authors: Zaczyk Rainer
Published: December 2021

Die Arbeit begründet die These, dass das Selbstsein des Menschen ohne ein Leben im Recht nicht zu denken ist. Anknüpfend an die praktische Philosophie Kants und die Philosophie des Selbstbewusstseins bei Fichte zeigt der 1. Teil, dass Selbstsein als Autonomie zu fassen ist, deren Grundbestimmung aber tiefer reicht als bis zum autonomen Subjekt der westlichen Aufklärung und die sich so zu anderen Kulturen öffnet. Damit ist der Ursprung des Rechts aufgewiesen. Da das Selbstsein seinerseits nur als aus einer Verbindung mit anderen hervorgehend begriffen werden kann, wird im 2. Teil die Aufgabe gelöst, wie Selbstständigkeit und Gemeinschaft, Differenz und Einheit zusammen bestehen können. Dies leistet das Recht. Auf dem Fundament wechselseitiger Anerkennung werden drei Horizonte entfaltet, die in einander übergehen: Das interpersonale Rechtsverhältnis, die verfasste Gemeinschaft und das Verhältnis der Staaten zueinander - in der einen Menschenwelt.
A Global Community of Self-Defense
Authors: Bucholc Martha
Published: December 2021

Wittgenstein writes: "We can easily imagine people amusing themselves in a field by playing with a ball so as to start various existing games, but playing many without finishing them and in between throwing the ball aimlessly into the air, chasing one another with the ball and bombarding one another for a joke and so on. And now someone says: The whole time they are playing a ball-game and following definite rules at every throw. And is there not also the case where we play and make up the rules as we go along? And there is even one where we alter them – as we go along.“ In this book, the author is tackling one of the most salient problems in our current debate about globality: How a global community is possible. She is asking: How do we make the rules of our games? Where does the normativity of our moral laws, statutory provisions and table manners come from? How do we strive to keep naked violence at bay by allowing power to be vested with the right of correction? Can humanity as a whole become a global community of self-defense? Marta Bucholc seeks answers to these questions in the writings of Norbert Elias, while watching the players in the field go on.
Handeln und Verursachen
Authors: Keil Geert
Published: December 2021

Wenn wir handeln, greifen wir in den Lauf der Welt ein und führen Veränderungen herbei: Akteure werden als kausale Urheber aufgefasst. Handlungen sind aber auch in natürliche Verläufe eingebettet und haben Ursachen und Wirkungen wie andere Ereignisse. Das Buch konfrontiert die kausale Handlungstheorie, die den Handlungsbegriff mithilfe des Kausalitätsbegriffs analysiert, mit der interventionistischen Theorie der Kausalität, derzufolge ein verständlicher Kausalitätsbegriff die Fähigkeit des absichtlichen Eingreifens in natürliche Verläufe voraussetzt. Das Buch spannt einen begrifflichen Rahmen auf, der der Eigenart von Handlungen Rechnung trägt, ohne dass neben der gewöhnlichen Ereigniskausalität eine zweite Art von Verursachung ('Akteurskausalität') angenommen werden muss.
Heidegger, die Juden, die Shoah
Authors: Di Cesare Donatella
Published: December 2021

In der aktuellen Diskussion um Martin Heideggers "Schwarze Hefte" spielt Donatella Di Cesares Buch "Heidegger, die Juden, die Shoah" eine zentrale Rolle. Es zeigt, dass Heidegger im Kontext einer langen Tradition des Antisemitismus in der Philosophie zu lesen ist, zu der auch Kant, Hegel und Nietzsche gehören. Der Philosoph schreibt dem Judentum eine spezifische Bedeutung in der Geschichte zu. Diese Bedeutung stellt sich als eine Anordnung von Stereotypen dar, die metaphysisch gerechtfertigt werden. Indem Heidegger die "Judenfrage" in sein Denken aufnimmt, fällt er also in ein metaphysisches Denken zurück. Di Cesare spricht deshalb von einem "metaphysischen Antisemitismus". Zuletzt aber bildet die Shoah das Zentrum, auf das Heideggers Äußerungen bezogen werden. Das Buch ist auch ein Beitrag zur Frage nach der Verantwortung der Philosophie für die Vernichtung der Juden in Europa. Die deutsche Ausgabe ist erheblich erweitert und berücksichtigt bereits die „Schwarzen Hefte“ der Jahre 1942 bis 1948.
Logbuch deutsch
Authors: Kaehlbrandt Roland
Published: December 2021

Mark Twain hat die deutsche Sprache "awful" genannt; Roland Kaehlbrandt zeigt uns, wie reizvoll sie sein kann. Er hat den Gebrauch der deutschen Sprache über viele Jahre beobachtet. Sein Logbuch skizziert - immer kurzweilig, manchmal sarkastisch - die Sprachpraxis in Wirtschaft, Wissenschaft, Politik und Gesellschaft. Kaehlbrandt zeigt, wie wir unsere Sprache beschädigen, wenn wir sie für moralische Zwecke instrumentalisieren oder durch den Gebrauch von Imponierwörtern aushöhlen. Wer das Logbuch gelesen hat, wird eine Reihe von Fehlern nicht mehr machen wollen.
Was ist Zeit?
Authors: Flasch Kurt
Published: December 2021

Das XI. Buch von Augustins Confessiones ist der meistdiskutierte Text der spätantiken Philosophie. Kurt Flasch untersucht den systematischen Ort des XI. Buches innerhalb der Augustinischen Philosophie, analysiert Augustins Theorie im Kontext des spätantiken Denkens und geht den Gründen nach, die im 20. Jahrhundert zu einer erneuten Hinwendung zu Augustins Zeittheorie geführt haben. Das Buch enthält ferner den lateinischen Text von Confessiones XI., eine deutsche Übersetzung sowie einen ausführlichen historisch-philosophischen Kommentar.
Aufgeklärt strafen
Authors: Luther Christoph
Published: December 2021

Im 18. Jahrhundert verschob sich die Legitimationsgrundlage des Strafrechts. An die Stelle der Tradition trat der gesellschaftliche Nutzen. Individuelle Weltbilder erlangten dadurch erheblichen Einfluss auf den Inhalt der Straflehren. Die Studie untersucht das materielle und methodische Rechtsverständnis in der Frühphase der praktischen Strafrechtsreform anhand von Einsendungen auf die Berner Preisfrage zur Strafgesetzgebung von 1777. Die Reformschriften ähneln sich auf phänomenologischer Ebene, weil alle Autoren sich der Mittel des frühmodernen Staates bedienen wollten. Die vorgelagerten Vorstellungen von den Gegenständen, Inhalten und Methoden des Rechts divergierten gleichwohl enorm. Ein gemeinsames, „aufgeklärtes“ Rechtsverständnis lässt sich deshalb nicht definieren, wohl aber Denkstile, die den strafrechtlichen Diskurs bis heute prägen.
Das Selbst in seinem Verhältnis zu sich und zu anderen
Authors: Larmore Charles
Published: December 2021

Dieser Band enthält Aufsätze, die Charles Larmore in den letzten zwanzig Jahren auf Deutsch geschrieben hat. Die Texte befassen sich mit einigen der fundamentalen Probleme der Philosophie wie der Frage nach dem Wesen der Vernunft, der Freiheit, des Selbst, des Verstehens und der Gerechtigkeit. Bei aller Eigenständigkeit eint sie die Hinsicht auf die grundlegenden Beziehungen, in denen wir als handelnde und erkennende Wesen zu uns selbst sowie zu anderen stehen. Im Zentrum steht dabei eine Theorie der Subjektivität, der zufolge das wesentliche Verhältnis zu uns selbst, das jeden von uns zu einem Subjekt macht, keine erkenntnisartige Beziehung ist, sondern eine normativ fundierte Beziehung des Sich-Richtens nach Gründen. Da Gründe aber nirgendwo anders als in der Welt vorkommen, kann Subjektivität als Gegenstand einer realistischen Epistemologie nur durch ihre Beziehung zur Welt begriffen werden. Die daraus folgende Frage, wie das Wesen von Gründen zu begreifen ist, ist somit eine der Hauptfragen dieses Buches.
Zeitgemäße Betrachtungen
Authors: Held Klaus
Published: December 2021

Dieses Buch will Hinweise geben dafür, dass Philosophie dabei helfen kann, unsere gegenwärtigen Lebensverhältnisse besser zu verstehen. Zu diesem Zweck legt Klaus Held eine für philosophische Laien verständliche Wieder-Aneignung von Gedanken aus der klassischen Tradition der Philosophie vor. Im ersten Abschnitt wird zunächst gezeigt, wie die Denkmuster der Auseinandersetzung zwischen alteuropäischer Ethik der Tugenden (Aristoteles) und neuzeitlicher Moral (Kant) sowie zwischen republikanischem und demokratie-orientiertem Politikverständnis in vielen gegenwärtigen Debatten wiederkehren, etwa bei der Frage nach einer zeitgemäßen Pädagogik oder nach der Integration von Zuwanderern. Die zweite Hälfte des Buches konfrontiert „Europa“ vor dem Hintergrund der Globalisierung mit den östlichen Kulturen am Beispiel Japans. Im Anhang werden die Regensburger Vorlesung des Ratzinger-Papstes über Islam und Gewalt und Heideggers Antisemitismus in den „Schwarzen Heften“ kommentiert.
Dall' alba al crepusculo del commento
Authors: Padovani Andrea
Published: December 2021

Lange Zeit als einer der wichtigsten Juristen des europäischen ius commune gepriesen, wurde Giovanni Nicoletti da Imola (ca. 1375 – 1436) selbst zum Ziel der scharfen Kritik an der gesamten Schule der Kommentatoren, zunächst durch die Humanisten und dann durch die Rechtshistoriker, die sich dem negativen Urteil Savignys anschlossen. Das Buch rekonstruiert die verflochtene und nahezu unbekannte Biographie dieses iuris utriusque doctor, seine wissenschaftliche Produktion, sowohl in gedruckter Form (die durch eine eklatante, verlegerische Fälschung belastet war) als auch seine Handschriften sowie die Beziehungen zu seinen Lehrern, Schülern und Kollegen während des Großen Schismas. Als anerkannter und an den wichtigsten Universitäten gefragter Dozent ist Giovanni vor allem Zeuge des dramatischen Übergangs vom Mittelalter zur Neuzeit.
Dies Ich, das viel besagt
Authors: Henrich Dieter
Published: December 2021

At first glance, self-consciousness seems to belong to what almost goes without saying. In a continuous process of reflection, however, it turns out that it presents one of philosophy’s most difficult and momentous problems. Dieter Henrich's treatise “Fichtes ursprüngliche Einsicht”, which was dedicated to this problem was published more than fifty years ago. Here, Henrich showed that it was Fichte who first grasped the problem and made it the guiding theme of his thinking. In this new book, the unaltered reprinting of this text is followed by a new and extensive series of reflections concerning self-consciousness in the context of a philosophical foundation and the problems which, under the guiding principle of his original insight, set Fichte's system formation into a motion without a definitive solution. Henrich's book can be seen as a renewal of Kant's way of thinking – in relation to a problem whose significance for philosophy is hardly disputed any longer, in a perspective appropriate to the contemporary modes of experience, and in the wake of clarifications that can be gained by reflecting on the dynamics in Fichte's system formations.
Faultless Disagreement
Authors: Zakkou Julia
Published: December 2021

People disagree frequently, about both objective and subjective matters. But while at least one party must be wrong in a disagreement about objective matters, it seems that both parties can be right when it comes to subjective ones: it seems that there can be faultless disagreements. But how is this possible? How can people disagree with one another if they are both right? And why should they? In recent years, a number of philosophers and linguists have argued that we must become relativists about truth to understand faultless disagreements. This book shows that we can dispense with relativism. It combines a more standard semantics with a novel pragmatic theory to develop a superior approach. The book discusses both classic and recent literature in philosophy and linguistics. It provides a general introduction to the debate about the semantics and pragmatics of perspectival expressions, as well as an original contribution to the contemporary discussion.
Freiheit zur Wahrheit
Authors: Rometsch Jens
Published: December 2021

How do our perceptions come about? If our ways of forming them is deterministically given, skeptical objections can no longer be warded off. We might as well be calibrated for errors. If, instead, our cognition works unbounded and free, there is no compulsion to fall prey to error. It is therefore advisable to understand cognitive formation as a plurimodal interaction of activities of perception, imagination and verbalization, the course of which is never determined by the conditions under which it currently stands. Further, we should not describe ourselves as mere "res cogitans," no matter what the philosophical intentions: there is no sense in assuming that we are determined to perform activities of cognition only. In dealing with two major historical examples, these assumptions are developed and tested. It is shown why René Descartes unexpectedly champions them, and which consequences ensue from John Locke´s disregarding them.
Der frühe Marx und die Revolution
Authors: Trawny Peter
Published: December 2021

In this 2017 lecture, Peter Trawny gives an introduction to Karl Marx’ early philosophy. It presents the development of Marx‘ thinking, from his reading of Hegel and Feuerbach (1839-1841) and the „Paris Manuscripts“ (1844) to the famous “Manifesto of the Communist Party” (1847). The author thoroughly investigates into important concepts of this period, such as those of money, labour, or alienation, and contextualizes them historically. And he attempts at answering the tacitly implied question that runs throughout this lecture, whether Marx’ philosophy, unfolding in the concept of revolutionary practice, does still have something significant to say to current readers.
Der biblische Glaube
Authors: Held Klaus
Published: December 2021

This book uses the means of a phenomenology of the world based freely on Husserl and Heidegger to design a new systematic interpretation of the belief in the one God that originated in Israel and persists in Judaism, Christianity and Islam. The phenomenological analysis of monotheism, as compared to other methods of interpretation, is able to render both its origin and its conceivable future more distinct and clear. The main feature of this origin is the self-distinction of the biblical belief in the one desert God, who deliberately withholds himself from any lifeworldly intuition, from the (at least in this respect) somewhat more plausible polytheism. A possible future is marked by a tragedy: antipolytheist faith, in its Christian variety, drives itself into ruin precisely because, in the age of the globalized experience of the one world, it eventually attains its pure form and in so doing succumbs to a radical oblivion of the lifeworld.
Die Rahmung des Hintergrunds
Authors: Freytag Philip
Published: December 2021

This work undertakes a systematic reconstruction of the debates that took place over the course of several decades up to the beginning of the 21st century between Derrida on the one hand and Searle and Habermas on the other. It shows that the linguistic theories and the theories of communicative understanding developed by Searle and Habermas are based on inferences from the contingent individual case to the general. Searle draws ontological, Habermas anthropo-political conclusions, both with essentially naturalistic signatures. Derrida, on the other hand, raises epistemological objections and consequently develops a metaphysics of free subjects for whom conversation cannot necessarlily be presumed. The explicit dedication to ethics in Derrida's late work is due to his insight that the possibility of language and understanding is due to silence. Derrida's lasting merit lies in enriching the philosophy of language with a secretology. This study has been awarded the Kant Prize of the Institute of Philosophy of the University of Bonn and the "Prix de la République Française", awarded by the French Embassy and the University of Bonn.
Luthers Vermächtnis: Der Dreißigjährige Krieg und das moderne Verständnis vom "Staat" im Alten Reich, 1530er bis 1790er Jahre
Authors: Friedeburg Robert von
Published: December 2021

In the German-speaking Reich, the term "state" in its modern understanding was not coined with reference to the early modern Old Reich as a whole and certainly not with the consolidation of princely power over land and people as its aim. Rather, its genesis was related to the bitter conflicts between emerging estates and princes in the face of the devastations of the Thirty Years' War. Taking up the contemporary polemics against criminal princes dating back to Luther, Seckendorff's "Teutscher Fürstenstaat" (1656) was supposed to protect its inhabitants from the incompetence and wickedness of the princes by means of their own legal system and lawful administration (Policey) as a unit of land, people and laws that allegedly reached far back into the Middle Ages. Since the last third of the 17th century these ideas, the development of which the book traces on a broad source basis, have increasingly found favour with many princes and their advisors in Protestant and Catholic German countries.
Die sächsische Läuterung
Authors: Unverfehrt Volker
Published: December 2021

The law and its practical application are always dependent on the social conditions of the respective epoch. Often, therefore, the way legal institutions were handled in the past is not obvious at first glance. This applies even more to those institutions no longer extant today, such as the Saxon “Läuterung” (clarification review), which can be traced back to medieval German legal practice and ends only in 1877/79 with the German Reichsjustizgesetze. Last used as legal remedy, earlier forms of "Läuterung" still point to their predominant use as a mere declaration of judgment. This study is devoted to showing the reasons for the emergence, change and longevity of the institution of "Läuterung", which was practiced in the Saxon trial over the course of several centuries.
Der Teufel, die Hexe und der Rechtsgelehrte
Authors: Lattmann Christopher
Published: December 2021

De la Démonomanie des Sorciers (1580) may not be the most famous work of the great French state theoretician Jean Bodin (1529–1596), but it certainly is the most controversial. In it, he discusses the nature of witchcraft and gives a guide to the rigid prosecution of the crimen magiae. Although a genuinely legal work, the text has not been subjected to thoroug researched from a legal perspective. The study investigates the role and significance of legal normativity in Bodin's witch manual. It shows the connection between Bodin's world view and his legal concepts, sets out the design of the alleged fact of witchcraft in its individual elements of crime and explains the procedural special law brought to bear against witches.
Eine Person sein
Authors: Perler Dominik
Published: December 2021

What is a human person? What are its peculiar characteristics? And how is it different from a mere living being? Medieval writers addressed these questions with great perspicacity by focusing on three dimensions of a person. They started with the metaphysical dimension by defining a person as an individual substance with a rational nature. This led them to examine that very substance in more detail: its essential components, its unity and its identity over time. But they also dealt with the psychological dimension by analysing the capacity for reflection as the decisive mental capacity of a person. They also considered the act-theoretical dimension, noting that a person, unlike a mere living being, is distinguished by its capacity to produce actions. They went so far to emphasize that a person is free to choose actions and is therefore responsible for them. This book, which focuses on theories of the 13th and 14th centuries, reconstructs the debates on all three dimensions in their historical context, systematically evaluates them, and in doing so also relates to early modern and contemporary discussions. It illustrates that the foundations for a philosophical anthropology were laid in the Middle Ages.
Comparison of the Logical Use of Parenteral Antibiotics Before and After the Implementation of the Stewardship Program
Authors: Janbakhsh Alireza , Naghibifar Zahra , Eskandari Sodabeh , Mohseniafshar Zeinab , Zamanian Mohammad Hossein
Published: December 2021

Background: Excessive use of antibiotics has led to drug resistance. As such, stewardship programs are implemented to control antibiotic use in hospitalized patients. Objectives: The present study aimed to evaluate the frequency of antibiotic use after the implementation of the stewardship program. Methods: This retrospective study was conducted on the patients admitted to Imam Reza Hospital in Kermanshah, Iran during 2017 - 2018. The required data were extracted from the pharmaceutical ward of the hospital. Data analysis was performed in SPSS version 24. Results: The median per capita numerical and Rial consumption of caspofungin and linezolid antibiotics increased after the implementation of the stewardship plan, while the consumption of imipenem, amphotericin, teicoplanin, colistin, meropenem, voriconazole, and vancomycin was observed to decrease. In addition, the median per capita of the numerical use of caspofungin and linezolid increased in the surgery ward, intensive care unit (ICU), and internal medicine ward after the implementation of the stewardship plan. On the other hand, a reduction was observed in the use of amphotericin, colistin, voriconazole, and vancomycin in only one ward. The use of meropenem and teicoplanin also increased in the surgery ward and decreased in the other wards, while the use of imipenem increased in the ICU after implementing the plan and decreased in the other wards. The median use of antibiotics was not considered significant in the internal medicine ward, surgery ward, and ICU before and after implementing the stewardship program (P > 0.05). Conclusions: According to the results, antibiotic use slightly decreased after the implementation of the stewardship program. However, an increase was also observed in antibiotic prescription in some cases, which indicated that the stewardship program was not implemented properly, and no changes occurred in antibiotics prescription.
A Randomized Controlled Trial Examining the Effect of Aromatherapy Using the Damask Rose Essential Oil on Pre-operative Anxiety Levels
Authors: Farzaneh Mehran , Zarean Vahid , Abbasijahromi Ali , Mohit Maryam , Amirkhani Mehdi , Badiyepeymaiejahromi Zohreh , Dowlatkhah Hamid Reza , Hojati Hamed
Published: December 2021

Background: Non-pharmacological care interventions like aromatherapy can be cost-effective and efficient ways to reduce anxiety and adverse results before surgery. Objectives: In this study, the efficacy of aromatherapy on pre-operative anxiety in patients undergoing Percutaneous Nephrolithotomy (PCNL) referring to Peymaniyeh Hospital in Jahrom-Iran was the main goal. Methods: This controlled-randomized trial was conducted on 38 patients that were randomly assigned to two groups: Control and Aromatherapy (Rosa damascena). The anxiety levels were recorded for all two groups the night before the surgery. On the day of surgery and after re-communication, patients were approached in a pre-operative holding area, and the intervention was performed. Data were collected over 11 months from June 2015 to May 2016. Results: The statistically significant difference after the intervention between the control and intervention groups indicated that Aromatherapy with Rosa damascena reduced the patient’s anxiety. Conclusions: This survey prepares evidence for the use of Damask rose as an anti-anxiety intervention. Using Damask rose as a nursing intervention helps nurses provide individualized care and helps patients control their anxiety.
The Danger of being a Young Female Migrant: A Case Study Female Refugees in Musina Town in South Africa
Authors: Khutso Mamadi , Frank Rapholo Selelo , Justin Ramoshaba Dillo
Published: December 2021

Several studies show that international migrants across the globe extremely face challenges upon their arrival in the host countries. This constant influx of international population movement is driven by factors such as escaping from poverty, seeking better livelihoods, or escaping from political upheavals and civil strife, such as wars. There have been several studies in South Africa that generally explored challenges faced by the international migrant youth but not necessarily on the gendered nature of migration. This study argues that migration affects males and females inversely. Thus this study aimed to contextually explore the danger of being a young female migrant by following a qualitative research approach using female refugees in Musina town as a case study. Nine participants were purposively and conveniently selected and semi-structured face-to-face interviews with open-ended questions were followed to collect data that is analysed thematically in this paper. The Nvivo software was used to manage and organise data. Findings reveal that young female migrants face challenges from the cross-bordering where they are at risk of being raped. Findings further show that upon their arrival in South Africa, female young migrants face challenges such as exclusion from basic health care services due to lack of immigration documents, sex work, and exploitation by local citizens as well as victimization by the police. The security at border posts should thus be tightened and the defence forces should jointly work with the police officials to deport female migrant youth who migrate illegally and stakeholders in South Africa should run educational programmes where the illegal immigrants would be educated about the risks of cross-boarding to South Africa without legal immigration permits.
El derecho de la globalización neoliberal como marco limitador de la promoción de los comunes. Un análisis desde el derecho público•
Authors: Melero Alonso Eduardo
Published: December 2021

Este artículo plantea que la ampliación del ámbito de los comunes va a requerir su institucionalización jurídica o, al menos, su promoción por el ordenamiento jurídico. Ello con independencia de la concepción que se mantenga del término comunes. Un término que se concibe de muy diferentes maneras. Se analizan los principales cambios producidos en el derecho público como consecuencia de la globalización neoliberal. Distinguiendo aquellas transformaciones que están más vinculadas al neoliberalismo y aquellas que están más relacionadas con la globalización. Estos cambios delimitan un marco jurídico general que restringe las posibilidades de desarrollo político y/o jurídico de los comunes.
La atención humanitaria como alternativa viable y eficaz a la detención migratoria: por una política migratoria de retorno centrada en la integración
Authors: Hernández Moreno Nacho
Published: December 2021

La detención de personas por su situación administrativa responde a una política migratoria coercitiva de protección «frente» al «otro», e ignora la perspectiva de integración y de protección «de» personas que debe regir toda estrategia en este contexto. La mera privación de libertad en ausencia de delito presenta serias dificultades para justificar su proporcionalidad, necesidad y razonabilidad por lo que urge la implementación real de alternativas a la detención. Los programas de atención humanitaria a los que fueron liberadas muchas personas de los CIE durante la pandemia pueden constituir una alternativa sólida, viable y eficaz que favorece la integración social.
Los bienes comunes como aproximación materialista al problema del bien común: una réplica a Ermanno Vitale
Authors: Lloredo Alix Luis
Published: December 2021

Este artículo pretende ser una réplica a alguno de los planteamientos críticos que ha desarrollado Ermanno Vitale contra las teorías de los bienes comunes, especialmente contra las teorías benecomunistas que han florecido en el debate político y académico italiano. En particular, pretende responder a una conferencia pronunciada por el filósofo italiano en diciembre de 2020 –cuyo texto se reproduce en este mismo número de la revista–, en la que propuso rechazar las doctrinas de los comunes, en favor de la clásica noción del bien común. Aquí se sostendrá que, en realidad, las teorías de los comunes constituyen la única estrategia interesante para replantear el concepto de bien común en la actualidad. Además, el enfoque de los bienes comunes implica una aproximación materialista a la problemática del bonum commune.
Lista de autores/as y datos estadísticos del número
Authors: Editorial CEFD Gestión
Published: December 2021

Lista de autores/as y datos estadísticos del número
Recursos musicales en la educación artística: una mirada interdisciplinar
Authors: Calderón-Garrido Diego , Gustems-Carnicer Josep
Published: December 2021

Reseña del libro de Conxa Trallero (2020), El cálido abrazo de la música. Barcelona
¿Qué sí hay? Apreciación y confianza en un proceso de formación docente de la Línea de Educación Artística de la UPN-Cenart en México
Authors: Rivera Rosa María Guadalupe
Published: December 2021

En el ámbito de la formación docente es común que el futuro profesorado tenga creencias acerca de sus pocas habilidades artísticas o falta de creatividad. Existen diversos estudios que han analizado desde diferentes perspectivas esta situación, así como propuestas para contrarrestarla. El presente artículo se centra en una propuesta específica en el contexto de un proceso de formación docente interinstitucional en la Ciudad de México en el que cuatro artistas-docentes especialistas en diferentes disciplinas diseñan secuencias didácticas interdisciplinarias de exploración artística. El acceso a su forma de trabajo fue a través de observaciones y entrevistas etnográficas en el marco de una investigación doctoral de corte cualitativo. El objetivo del artículo es analizar una estrategia particular de apreciación implementada por el artista-docente de artes visuales y mostrar cómo a través de sus comentarios y preguntas puede favorecer que el estudiantado reconozca sus habilidades artísticas y tenga confianza para explorar con las artes.
Un hueco para las mujeres. Revisitando la sala de personajes ilustres del palacio de Dos Aguas. Museo Nacional de Cerámica
Authors: Cuesta Liliane Inés
Published: December 2021

Este artículo presenta el proyecto piloto “Crea tu propia sala de personajes ilustres” llevado a cabo por el Museo Nacional de Cerámica de Valencia en colaboración con el Colegio Sagrada Familia de Massamagrell, como colofón a la visita para grupos escolares “Una cuestión de género”. La sala de personajes ilustres del Museo Nacional de Cerámica presenta cinco retratos de cinco reconocidos personajes valencianos del ámbito de las artes, la literatura, las ciencias y el pensamiento. La constatación de la ausencia de mujeres entre los retratados genera una reflexión en torno al lugar de las mujeres en la historia y su ausencia/presencia y representación en galerías de personajes ilustres. Partiendo de esta reflexión, se propuso a un grupo de 4º de la E.S.O. del citado colegio la elaboración por grupos de maquetas de la sala que incluyeran a cinco mujeres ilustres, junto a los cinco personajes masculinos. Las maquetas, elaboradas en el colegio, fueron presentadas a modo de visita guiada como parte de las actividades organizadas en torno al 8 de marzo, Día Internacional de la Mujer. Esta experiencia permitió fomentar el rol activo y participativo del alumnado tanto en la visita al Museo como en la realización del taller, desarrollar su capacidad crítica sobre las representaciones artísticas y las colecciones expuestas en los museos y sensibilizar acerca de la desigualdad de género y la discriminación de las mujeres a lo largo de la historia.
Constelaciones tarológicas. Pedagogías de la performance y lecturas encarnadas a través del Tarot de Marsella
Authors: Costa Marianne , Moreno Javier
Published: December 2021

Las constelaciones tarológicas son un sistema de interpretación tridimensional del Tarot de Marsella con un enfoque artístico y pedagógico. Se enmarcan dentro de la llamada tarología, una corriente interpretativa (no predictiva) desarrollada por Alejandro Jodorowsky y Marianne Costa. Tras observar que la lectura iconográfica suele proceder de una visión ocultista decimonónica, patriarcal y en exceso racional, se ha buscado devolverle una condición encarnada, que tenga en cuenta al cerebro derecho. Tras diez años de puesta en práctica en diversos talleres internacionales, este estudio se ha centrado en continuar poniendo en diálogo la performance con el Tarot de Marsella y en describir su metodología.
En un cruce de saberes donde intervienen disciplinas como la performance, la iconología, la simbología comparada, la pedagogía o el teatro físico se ha realizado una investigación experimental y cualitativa recogiendo numerosos testimonios de personas participantes. Se ha observado que las constelaciones tarológicas pueden devenir en una útil herramienta de creación o pedagogía artística, potenciando la asociación libre de ideas, el pensamiento creativo y la aparición de respuestas inesperadas. La variedad simbólica y de personajes que aparecen en sus escenas, lo convierten en una herramienta inclusiva que permite sinergias de identificación a cualquier persona. Finalmente devuelve la lectura a una condición muldimensional.
Educación artística, intercreatividad y postdigitalidad: reflexión crítica sobre sus relaciones y procesos en tiempos del covid-19
Authors: Mañero Julia
Published: December 2021

La presente reflexión toma como punto de partida la situación pandémica que nos atraviesa para dilucidar otras formas posibles de hacer y comprender la educación artística. La llegada de una nueva ley educativa, unida a la situación de crisis sanitaria global, ha visibilizado la importancia de las artes y la cultura en una sociedad donde en gran medida las prácticas educativas (artísticas) siguen careciendo de imaginación, creatividad y valores democráticos. Se antoja necesario un breve análisis de la importancia de las artes y su educación, así como el nuevo marco social en el que se insertan: la postdigitalidad. La presencia de las tecnologías y dispositivos digitales –aún más si cabe durante el periodo de pandemia– ha evidenciado una hibridez entre los límites físicos y digitales, dos contextos íntimamente interrelacionados. La educación, al igual que las artes y su práctica educativa, se nutre de estos espacios y modos de hacer y es necesaria una mirada (crítica) hacia las posibilidades y retos que presentan. Así, una de las estrategias pedagógicas que surge en este análisis es el concepto de intercreatividad. Un discurso que se aproxima a la práctica intercreativa desde una concepción educativa crítica, reconoce la concepción artística como un poderoso recurso pedagógico en el aula. La intercreatividad se posiciona como una práctica artística y una estrategia educativa a través de la creación colectiva que focaliza su atención en la mejora y en el cambio social.
La geografia sociale dove non c’è (cioè, intendiamoci: dove non si sognerebbe di essere). Ovvero: oggi un vero conservatore è di destra o di sinistra? Note sulla Gran Torino di Clint Eastwood
Authors: Cerreti Claudio
Published: December 2021

COMMENTO DEL FILM GRAN TORINO
RiMaflow autogestita: un esercizio di geografia sociale. Descrizione di un percorso mentale e fisico e della realizzazione di un ripensamento spaziale
Authors: Eva Fabrizio
Published: December 2021

The article aims to introduce the practices of social geography through the description of the conceptual and practical path on the territory that led to picking up the study case and the implementation of the research. After a conceptual introduction on the ethical motivations of those who want to do social geography and having indicated which tools the geographer can use and which practices are more useful, the article outlines the theoretical and geographical context of the identified case study, and then move on to the description of the concrete aspects of the observed experience. The conclusion is actually only an update of how the experience resisted the impact of the pandemic and how the expressed ideal references and the concrete experience maintain their continuity and coherence over time
Percorsi di ricerca nella città ‘cosmopolita’: strumenti e metodi di indagine
Authors: Gaias Gianluca
Published: December 2021

The social transformations and the spatializing practices that individuals and groups put in place on the contemporary urban territory, especially for what concerns different human groups in the same urban context, have long been the subject of much research in social geography. How to place oneself, as a researcher, in a hybrid and complex space such as that of the intercultural and cosmopolitan city? Starting from a field research conducted in the City of Cagliari, this contribution aims to discuss the methodologies used, the postures adopted and the critical issues that emerged in conducting an analysis centered on those emerging territorialities attributable to the presence of foreign individuals and communities recently settled in the urban space.
Il diritto alla città ribelle di David Harvey
Authors: Pasqualetti Daniele
Published: December 2021

Recensione di Città ribelli: i movimenti urbani dalla Comune di Parigi a Occupy Wall Street
Per una didattica della geografia sociale: sopralluoghi ed esplorazioni urbane
Authors: de Spuches Giulia
Published: December 2021

This article analyses a didactic experience in the Borgo Ulivia neighborhood (Palermo), which originates from a research on council housing’s requalifying as a planning laboratory. In particular, its aim is to answer three questions: which choice guides the research in the field? What kind of didactic approach can we use? What kind of didactic restitution should be used? Within the didactic framework, answering these questions has three roles. First of all, we identify places capable of talking about tensions present at the local level but also in other geographical areas. Secondly, we reflect on the possible methods of research. Finally, we show how teaching is practiced both in the reflective approach and in the process of sharing with the class.
Size-controlled resistive switching performance and regulation mechanism of SnO2 QDs
Authors: Gong Shao-Kang , Zhou Jing , Wang Zhi-Qing , Zhu Mao-Cong , Shen Jie , Wu Zhi , Chen Wen ,   State Key Laboratory of Advanced Technology for Materials Synthesis and Processing, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Wuhan University of Technology, Wuhan 430070, China,   School of Materials and Chemistry Engineering, Hunan Institute Technology, Hengyang 421002, China
Published: December 2021

As a non-volatile memory, zero-dimensional quantum dot resistive random access memory (RRAM) has shown broad application prospects in the field of intelligent electronic devices due to its advantages of simple structure, low switching voltage, fast response speed, high storage density, and low power consumption. Tin dioxide quantum dots (SnO2 QDs) are a good option for resistive functional materials with excellent physical and chemical stabilities, high electron mobilities, and adjustable energy band structures. In this paper, the SnO2 QDs with sizes of 2.51 nm, 2.96 nm and 3.53 nm are prepared by the solvothermal method, and the quantum size effect is observed in a small size range and the effective regulation of resistive switching voltage is achieved based on its quantum size effect, which is the unique advantage of quantum dot material in comparison with that of bulk material. Research result shows that as the size of SnO2 QD increases, the SET/RESET voltage gradually decreases from –3.18 V/4.35 V to –2.02 V/3.08 V. The 3.53 nm SnO2 QDs have lower SET/RESET voltage (–2.02 V/3.08 V) and larger resistive switching ratio (> 104), and the resistive switching performance of the device has changed less than 5% after having experienced durability tests 2 × 104 times, showing good stability and retention. Besides, according to the fitting of charge transport mechanism, SnO2 QD RRAM exhibits Ohmic conduction under LRS, while Ohmic conduction, thermionic emission and space charge limit current work together during HRS. The resistive switching effect of SnO2 QDs is controlled by trap filled limit current and interface Schottky Barrier modulation; the trapping/de-trapping behavior of internal defect potential well of SnO2 QDs on electrons dominates the HRS/LRS switching, while the effective control of ITO/SnO2 QDs and SnO2 QDs/Au interface Schottky barrier is the key to accurately regulating the switching voltage. The reason why SnO2 QD RRAM exhibits good size-switching voltage dependence is that the larger SnO2 QD has lower Fermi level and interface Schottky barrier height, so the junction resistance voltage division is reduced, and the SET/RESET voltage decrease accordingly. This work reveals the huge application potential and commercial application value of SnO2 QDs in the field of resistive switching memory, and provides a new option for the development of RRAM.
Histopathological Spectrum of Non Traumatic Scalp Swellings in a Tertiary Teaching Hospital of Western Uttar Pradesh, India
Authors: Gupta Kamna , Tyagi Meenakshi , Mohan Alok , Kumar Rajnish , Mittal Roopanshi
Published: December 2021

Introduction: Scalp is a region where pilosebaceous follicles are present in high density and a wide histopathological spectrum can be seen. Aetiology of a scalp swelling may be traumatic, inflammatory, allergic, infective or neoplastic. Malignant tumours are not uncommon in this region and the literature available is also limited. This makes the scalp an interesting site for study. Aim: The present study was to highlight the histopathological spectrum of non traumatic scalp swellings. Materials and Methods: The present study was a 10 year hospital-based observational ambispective study from February 2010 to January 2020, done in the department of Pathology in a tertiary teaching hospital in Western Uttar Pradesh, India. A total of 144 non traumatic scalp swellings were studied and analysed using Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (SPSS) version 19 software. Results: A total of 144 cases were studied. Male to female ratio was 1.4:1. Mean age was 40.94 years. Benign cases were 139 and five cases were malignant. Keratinous cyst was the common diagnosis (n=52), followed by lipoma (n=24). Most common malignant lesion was basal cell carcinoma (n=3), followed by squamous cell carcinoma (n=2). Conclusion: Scalp swellings vary from keratinous cysts to malignancies. The study of scalp swellings is a must so that a variety of histopathological manifestations can be widely understood and interdisciplinary approach can be implemented in the diagnosis and management.