bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Implementation of Safety Aspects in IFMIF-DONES Design
Authors: Martín-Fuertes Francisco , Marugán Juan Carlos , García Antonio , Pinna Tonio , Qiu Yuefeng , Helminen Atte , Potempski Slawomir , Gallego Eduardo , Ogando Francisco , D’Ovidio Gianluca , Pérez Manuel , Ibarra Ángel
Published: November 2022

Integration of safety aspects in IFMIF-DONES design is a main objective of EUROfusion and European Commission projects. IFMIF-DONES will be a radioactive facility of the first category, and stringent safety objectives must be achieved and demonstrated. A very low acceptable risk for the worker, the public and the environment is the main principle in the design phase. The progress of safety activities is performed iteratively as detailed engineering develops, taking into account the uniqueness of the facility: a high-power deuterons accelerator (125 mA, 40 MeV), a target of flowing liquid lithium, traps for activation products, a dedicated-design module for irradiated samples, a massive shielding cooled room with confinement function, and a number of conventional systems with safety functions. Several phases are developed: (i) identification of sources and materials at risk, radioactive and nonradioactive, subject to potential mobilization, (ii) failure mode analysis and effects of systems, starting at the functional level, and support with probabilistic analysis, (iii) identification of scenarios leading to unacceptable risk if unmitigated, (iv) proposal of layers of defense by means of safety-credited components and design features, (v) deterministic analysis of scenarios in support of requirements, and (vi) definition and demonstration of safety requirements charged to components.
Increased Rice Susceptibility to Rice Blast Is Related to Post-Flowering Nitrogen Assimilation Efficiency
Authors: Frontini Mathias , Morel Jean-Benoit , Gravot Antoine , Lafarge Tanguy , Ballini Elsa
Published: November 2022

Reducing nitrogen leaching and nitrous oxide emissions with the goal of more sustainability in agriculture implies better identification and characterization of the different patterns in nitrogen use efficiency by crops. However, a change in the ability of varieties to use nitrogen resources could also change the access to nutrient resources for a foliar pathogen such as rice blast and lead to an increase in the susceptibility of these varieties. This study focuses on the pre- and post-floral biomass accumulation and nitrogen uptake and utilization of ten temperate japonica rice genotypes grown in controlled conditions, and the relationship of these traits with molecular markers and susceptibility to rice blast disease. After flowering, the ten varieties displayed diversity in nitrogen uptake and remobilization. Surprisingly, post-floral nitrogen uptake was correlated with higher susceptibility to rice blast, particularly in plants fertilized with nitrogen. This increase in susceptibility is associated with a particular metabolite profile in the upper leavers of these varieties.
Subunit C of V-ATPase-VmaC Is Required for Hyphal Growth and Conidiation in A. fumigatus by Affecting Vacuolar Calcium Homeostasis and Cell Wall Integration
Authors: Sun Congcong , Li Xingyue , Zhang Yuanwei , Lu Ling
Published: November 2022

Aspergillus fumigatus is a widespread airborne fungal pathogen in humans. However, the functional genes in A. fumigatus that may contribute to its pathogenesis have not yet been fully identified. Vacuolar H+-ATPase is universal in eukaryotic organisms but exhibits specific roles in various species. Here, we identified VmaC as a putative subunit of vacuolar H+-ATPase in A. fumigatus that is widely conserved through evolution. The C-terminal hydrophobic domain of VmaC plays a critical role in its vacuolar localization and growth and conidiation. Deletion or turn-off of VmaC encoding gene-AfvmaC expression is not lethal but leads to a very sick and tiny colony phenotype, which is different from that of yeast with conditional ScvmaC defects. Furthermore, we found that AfvmaC not only participates in maintaining calcium homeostasis and vacuolar acidity but is also involved in cell wall integration pathway regulation, highlighting the importance of the vacuole as a storage organelle associated with many aspects of cellular homeostasis. This study indicates that fungal VmaC is relatively conserved. When compared to that in model yeasts, VmaC in A. fumigatus is required for hyphal growth and conidiation, suggesting that specific motifs in VmaC might be functioned in Aspergilli.
Rapid Whole Genome Sequencing in Critically Ill Neonates Enables Precision Medicine Pipeline
Authors: Beaman Makenzie , Fisher Kimberley , McDonald Marie , Tan Queenie K. G. , Jackson David , Cocanougher Benjamin T. , Landstrom Andrew P. , Hobbs Charlotte A. , Cotten Michael , Cohen Jennifer L.
Published: November 2022

Rapid genome sequencing in critically ill infants is increasingly identified as a crucial test for providing targeted and informed patient care. We report the outcomes of a pilot study wherein eight critically ill neonates received rapid whole genome sequencing with parental samples in an effort to establish a prompt diagnosis. Our pilot study resulted in a 37.5% diagnostic rate by whole genome sequencing alone and an overall 50% diagnostic rate for the cohort. We describe how the diagnoses led to identification of additional affected relatives and a change in management, the limitations of rapid genome sequencing, and some of the challenges with sample collection. Alongside this pilot study, our site simultaneously established a research protocol pipeline that will allow us to conduct research-based genomic testing in the cases for which a diagnosis was not reached by rapid genome sequencing or other available clinical testing. Here we describe the benefits, limitations, challenges, and potential for rapid whole genome sequencing to be incorporated into routine clinical evaluation in the neonatal period.
Return Policy Selection Analysis for Brands Considering MCN Click Farming and Customer Disappointment Aversion
Authors: Lin Guihua , Xu Wenxuan , Li Yuwei , Zhu Xide
Published: November 2022

In order to solve the problem of separation between consumer purchase and product experience in online sales, live streaming e-commerce came into being. However, the interaction of streamers is easy to cause consumers’ impulse consumption, which leads to the soaring return rate. In this context, how to make reasonable return policies to avoid the loss is an important issue for brands. This paper studies return policy selection for brands. We mainly focus on MCN (multi-channel network) click farming and customer disappointment aversion in the situations that the return-freight insurances are paid by brands or consumers or brands and MCN jointly. Three leader-follower models with brands as leaders and platforms and MCN as followers are established. To solve the above bilevel models, we discuss the conditions under which the upper and lower models are both convex and, based on these theoretical results, we give the optimal strategies for all members. Then, through numerical experiments, we analyze the impacts of customer disappointment aversion level, MCN’s ability, commission rate, brand’s return-freight insurance purchasing ratio, and other factors on each member’s optimal decision. The results show that the return policy in the situation of return-freight insurance paid by brand is suitable for a market with the high level of customer disappointment aversion; the return policy in the situation of return-freight insurance paid by consumers is applicable to the case of low customer disappointment aversion and high commission rate; the return policy in the situation of return-freight insurance paid by brand and MCN jointly is suitable for the case of low MCN capability and can effectively restrain the click farming from MCN.
The Evolutionary Process and Mechanism of Cultural Landscapes: An Integrated Perspective of Landscape Ecology and Evolutionary Economic Geography
Authors: Gong Zhiqiang , Zhang Zhuting , Zhou Jianqin , Zhou Jiami , Wang Wenhui
Published: November 2022

Cultural landscapes are joint masterpieces of man and nature with outstanding universal value. Adequate knowledge of their evolutionary process and mechanism is crucial to their development, protection, and management. However, theoretical understanding about such has been limited as existing studies tend to focus on the descriptive and interpretative analysis of the evolutionary process and pay less attention to the underlying mechanism of the process. Integrating the traditional perspective of landscape ecology in cultural landscape research and theories of path dependence and path creation in evolutionary economic geography, this paper constructs a triple-layered integrated analytical framework of cultural landscape evolution and applies the framework to empirically examine the cultural landscape evolution of Mount Lushan. To grasp an accurate and full picture of the process, field observation and historical data collection were carried out, and a combination of thematic analysis and chronological organization was conducted. The research finds that the cultural landscape evolution of Mount Lushan has experienced three stages, i.e., coexistence and mutual influence of multiple cultures, conflict and integration of Chinese and Western cultures, as well as landscape transformation, revival, and expansion. Such evolution is a non-linear, dynamic, and complex process across which the elements, functions, and patterns of landscapes were constantly constructed and reconstructed. Fundamentally, it is the result of the synergistic effect of path dependence and path creation, and is driven by the interplay of the behavior of associated actors and the change of contextuality. The findings of this study can provide some strategic references for the management practice of cultural landscape heritage sites.
Extending the Theory of Planned Behavior with the Self-Congruity Theory to Predict Tourists’ Pro-Environmental Behavioral Intentions: A Two-Case Study of Heritage Tourism
Authors: Rao Xiaojuan , Qiu Hongliang , Morrison Alastair M. , Wei Wei
Published: November 2022

Tourists’ pro-environmental behaviors are critical to the conservation of cultural landscape heritage and for the sustainability of heritage tourism. Applying the theories of planned behavior (TPB) and self-congruity, this research explained the formation of tourists’ pro-environmental behavioral intentions (TPEBI). A total of 342 effective responses were gathered at a heritage destination, while another set of data was collected from a historic cultural destination for cross-validation (n = 345). The findings indicated that: (1) there are direct and positive associations between TPEBI and attitudes toward the behavior, subjective norms, perceived behavioral control, self-congruity, and functional congruity; (2) functional congruity mediates the association between self-congruity and TPEBI; (3) the “congruity-TPB” framework has greater predictive capacity in comparison to the single model; (4) a cross-validation approach found consistent results by using a historic cultural district as another case. Taking both rational and value-expressive factors into consideration, the current study expands the applicability of the self-congruity theory in TPEBI research. Findings produce some new insights into sustainable destination management.
Urban Green Space Prioritization to Mitigate Air Pollution and the Urban Heat Island Effect in Kathmandu Metropolitan City, Nepal
Authors: Bhandari Sabina , Zhang Chuanrong
Published: November 2022

The rapid population growth and unplanned urbanization within Kathmandu Metropolitan City (KMC) have induced land use and land cover (LULC) changes that have exacerbated problems of air pollution and the Urban Heat Island (UHI) effect. These issues, as well as potential mitigations and possible counteractions, are currently under investigation by numerous research communities, resulting in various solutions being put forward including the creation of Urban Green Spaces (UGS). Establishing UGS would increase carbon dioxide extraction, minimizing photochemical ozone formation and liberation, while simultaneously cooling the microclimate of an area such as KMC. Optimized implementation of UGS throughout KMC requires an understanding of and prioritization of locations based on degraded air quality and the UHI effect. Unfortunately, such studies in these areas appear to be severely lacking, which has acted as a catalyst for this study. This research includes prioritization on two different spatial units—(i) at the administrative ward level and (ii) 0.0025° fishnet level. The result identifies the high-need locations where UGS establishment is recommended to mitigate air pollution and the UHI effect. Information obtained also heightened the existing UGS’s current sparsity and deplorable conditions. Findings from this study indicate that the utilization of rooftops are potential locations for new UGS, and enhancement of the existing UGS would prove to be an efficient use of currently underutilized spaces.
The Place of the Child in Recent Australian Debate about Freedom of Religion and Belief
Authors: Barker Renae
Published: November 2022

Political and legal debate about freedom of religion and belief (FoRB) in Australia has intensified since the same-sex marriage postal survey in 2017. Central to this debate has been children, their parents and institutions (Schools). This paper outlines the place of children in the Australian FoRB since 2017, focusing on the same-sex marriage postal survey debate and subsequent reviews into FoRB. In particular, it highlights the links drawn between same-sex marriage or marriage equality and the Safe School Coalition Australia campaign, the emphasis on parental rights in relation to education about marriage in schools, and the ongoing debate about potential reform to Australia’s suite of anti-discrimination laws, including the failed federal Religious Discrimination Bill.
Osteoarthritis and microRNAs: Do They Provide Novel Insights into the Pathophysiology of This Degenerative Disorder?
Authors: Stanciugelu Stefan , Homorogan Claudia , Selaru Cosmin , Patrascu Jenel , Patrascu Jenel , Stoica Raymond , Nitusca Diana , Marian Catalin
Published: November 2022

Osteoarthritis (OA) is one of the most prevalent degenerative joint diseases in older adults and a leading cause of disability. Recent research studies have evidenced the importance of mi-croRNAs (miRs) in the pathogenesis of OA. In the present review, we focused on current literature findings on dysregulated miRs involved in the pathophysiology of OA. From the 35 case-control studies including OA patients compared to healthy controls, a total of 54 human miRs were identified to be dysregulated in OA. In total, 41 miRs were involved in the pathophysiological processes of OA, including apoptosis, inflammation, and proliferation, having either a protective or a progressive role in OA. The discovery of altered miR levels in OA patients compared to healthy controls determines a better understanding of the molecular mechanisms involved in the pathophysiology of OA and could open novel horizons in the field of orthopedics.
A Review Pertaining to SARS-CoV-2 and Autoimmune Diseases: What Is the Connection?
Authors: Kocivnik Nina , Velnar Tomaz
Published: November 2022

Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is an infectious viral disease caused by Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2). It is known that infection with SARS-CoV-2 can lead to various autoimmune and autoinflammatory diseases. There are few reports in the literature on the association between SARS-CoV-2 and autoimmune diseases, and the number of reports has been increasing since 2020. Autoimmune diseases and SARS-CoV-2 infections are intertwined in several ways. Both conditions lead to immune-mediated tissue damage, the immune response is accompanied by the increased secretion of inflammatory cytokines and both conditions can be treated using immunomodulatory drugs. Patients with certain autoimmune diseases, such as systemic lupus erythematosus, rheumatoid arthritis, type 1 diabetes, cardiac sarcoidosis, idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis, autoimmune hepatitis, multiple sclerosis and others, are more susceptible to SARS-CoV-2 infection, either because of the active autoimmune disease or because of the medications used to treat it. Conversely, SARS-CoV-2 infection can also cause certain autoimmune diseases. In this paper, we describe the development of autoimmune diseases after COVID-19 and the recovery from COVID-19 in people with autoimmune diseases.
The Verification of Engine Analysis Model Accuracy by Measuring Oil Film Pressure in the Main Bearings of a Motorcycle High-Speed Engine Using a Thin-Film Sensor
Authors: Iwata Takumi , Oikawa Masakuni , Owashi Michiyasu , Mihara Yuji , Ito Keisuke , Ninomiya Yoshinari , Kato Yohei , Kubota Shinya
Published: November 2022

To improve the accuracy of the calculation analysis of crank journal bearings in motorcycle engines and accurately understand lubrication conditions, the oil film conditions of actual crankshafts and journal bearings should be measured. This research study focuses on the oil film pressure generated in the main bearing, and by using an original thin-film pressure sensor with improved durability achieved through the use of DLC (Diamond-like Carbon), it was possible to perform experiments at a maximum of 13,000 rpm and full load, which was not possible before. This established a method for measuring the oil film pressure generated in the main bearing of a high-speed motorcycle engine during operation without changing the surrounding environment. The maximum oil film pressure was 140 MPa, and the oil film pressure generated by each main bearing was successfully measured under different experimental conditions. The timing of pressure onset agreed well between the calculation and experiment stages, but the peak oil film pressure values were different. By varying the temperature of the engine in the calculation model, the calculated values approached the measured values. In the future, we plan to investigate ways to improve the accuracy of the current analytical model.
Mixture Design and Mechanical Properties of Recycled Mortar and Fully Recycled Aggregate Concrete Incorporated with Fly Ash
Authors: Zhang Lijuan , Ding Dong , Zhao Jun , Zhou Guosen , Wang Zhi
Published: November 2022

Recycled aggregate concrete (RAC) is a sort of green, low carbon, environmental protection building material, its application is of great significance to the low carbonization of the construction industry. The performance and strength of RAC are much lower than natural aggregate concrete (NAC), which are the key factors restricting its application. Class F fly ash is a cementitious material that is considered environmentally hazardous. In this paper, appropriate water-binder (w/b) ratios were found through a mortar expansion test at first. The compressive strength of recycled mortar incorporated with class F fly ash was further studied. On this basis, the mechanical properties of nine groups of fully recycled aggregate concrete (FRAC) with a w/b ratio of 0.3, 0.35, and 0.4, and fly ash replacement ratios of 0, 20%, and 40%, were studied. The influence of the w/b ratio and fly ash replacement ratio on mechanical properties was analyzed and compared with previous research results. In addition, the conversion formulas between the splitting tensile strength, flexural strength, and compressive strength of FRAC were fitted and established. The research results have a certain guiding significance for the mixture design of FRAC and further application of class F fly ash.
Predictions on Structural and Electronic Properties to Synthesize Bismuth-Carbon Compounds in Different Periodicities
Authors: Majid Abdul , Younes Tariq M. , Jabeen Alia , Batool Hira , Alkhedher Mohammad , ElDin Sayed M.
Published: November 2022

This work was carried out to explore the compounds of bismuth with carbon using density functional theory (DFT)-based computations. The structures of the compounds BiC, BiC2, BiC3, Bi2C3, BiC5, and Bi2C5 were predicted at a generalized gradient approximation (GGA-PBE) level of theory. The calculations were carried out on the structures in unit cell and supercell geometries in slab and bulk periodicities. The structural and electronic properties of the mentioned compounds were investigated in detail. The calculations of the structures revealed lattice constants of the compounds for cubic unit cell as 212.2 pm for BiC, 176.9 pm for BiC2, 240.5 pm for BiC3, 232.4 pm for Bi2C3, and 354.5 pm for Bi2C5. The compounds BiC, BiC2, BiC3, BiC5, and Bi2C5 were found to be metallic, whereas Bi2C3 exhibited semiconducting character with a band gap of 0.305 eV. This work provides an initial framework for preparing new 2D materials from BixCy.
Structural Phase Transitions and Thermal Degradation Process of MAPbCl3 Single Crystals Studied by Raman and Brillouin Scattering
Authors: Naqvi Furqanul Hassan , Ko Jae-Hyeon
Published: November 2022

Raman spectroscopy was applied to MAPbCl3 single crystals in a wide frequency range from 10 to 3500 cm−1 over a broad temperature range from −196 °C to 200 °C including both two structural phase transitions and a thermal degradation range. Low-frequency lattice modes of MAPbCl3 were revealed for the first time, which showed discontinuous anomalies along with the change in the number of Raman modes at the transition points of −114 °C and −110 °C. Several Raman modes related to the C–N stretching and MA rocking modes in addition to the lattice modes displayed temperature dependences similar to those of MAPbBr3 in both Raman shifts and half widths, indicating that the MA cation arrangement and H–halide bond interactions behave similarly in both systems during the phase transition. The substantial increase in the half widths of nearly all Raman modes especially suggests that the dynamic disorder caused by the free rotational motions of MA cations induces significant anharmonicity in the lattice and thus, reduces the phonon lifetimes. High-temperature Raman and Brillouin scattering measurements showed that the spectral features changed drastically at ~200 °C where the thermal decomposition of MAPbCl3 into PbCl2 began. This result exhibits that combined Raman and Brillouin spectroscopic techniques can be a useful tool in monitoring temperature-induced or temporal changes in lead-based halide perovskite materials.
Removal of Pharmaceuticals and Personal Care Products (PPCPs) by Free Radicals in Advanced Oxidation Processes
Authors: Jiao Jiao , Li Yihua , Song Qi , Wang Liujin , Luo Tianlie , Gao Changfei , Liu Lifen , Yang Shengtao
Published: November 2022

As emerging pollutants, pharmaceutical and personal care products (PPCPs) have received extensive attention due to their high detection frequency (with concentrations ranging from ng/L to μg/L) and potential risk to aqueous environments and human health. Advanced oxidation processes (AOPs) are effective techniques for the removal of PPCPs from water environments. In AOPs, different types of free radicals (HO·, SO4·−, O2·−, etc.) are generated to decompose PPCPs into non-toxic and small-molecule compounds, finally leading to the decomposition of PPCPs. This review systematically summarizes the features of various AOPs and the removal of PPCPs by different free radicals. The operation conditions and comprehensive performance of different types of free radicals are summarized, and the reaction mechanisms are further revealed. This review will provide a quick understanding of AOPs for later researchers.
Innovative Applications of Polymeric Foams
Authors: Hasanzadeh Rezgar , Azdast Taher
Published: November 2022

The new open Special Issue of Materials, entitled “Innovative Applications of Polymeric Foams”, aims to highlight original and review papers on new scientific and applied research and provide outstanding contributions to inform the community’s understanding of innovative applications of polymeric foams [...]
Kinetic Energy-Based Indicators to Compare Different Load Models of a Mobile Crane
Authors: Urbaś Andrzej , Augustynek Krzysztof , Stadnicki Jacek
Published: November 2022

This paper presents a proposal for the use of energy indicators to evaluate the load modelling methods on the dynamics of a mobile crane. Three different variants of mathematical models of a load carried were examined and compared: as a lumped mass on one hook-sling, as a sphere on one hook-sling, and as a box on four hook-slings. The formalism of joint coordinates and homogeneous transformation matrices were applied to define the kinematics of the system. The equations of motion were derived using the Lagrange equations of the second kind. These equations were supplemented by the Lagrange multipliers and constraint equations formulated for the cut-joints and drives. The energy indicators were proposed to evaluate the behavior of the crane and the carried load. The authors proved that modeling a load in the form of a lumped mass is a great simplification in the analysis of crane dynamics.
Tribological Properties of Solid Lubricant WS2 in Dimples on the Cylinder of Diesel Engine at High Temperature
Authors: Fu Jingguo , Ma Dengqing , Fan Liyang , Yu Zhiwei , Yin Huabing , Ma Chunsheng
Published: November 2022

Solid lubricant WS2 was encapsulated in the dimples on the cylinder surface by the hot-pressing method. The tribological and releasing performance of the as-prepared sample were investigated under high temperature conditions. The results indicate that, compared with the original cylinder, WS2 in the dimples exhibited better tribological properties at high temperature than at room temperature. The average friction coefficients of the as-prepared samples were about 0.13 and 0.15 at high temperature and room temperature, respectively, which were 27.8% and 16.7% lower than that of the original cylinder, respectively. Moreover, compared with the original cylinder, the anti-adhesion time of the as-prepared sample increased 2.3-fold. Additionally, the reduced viscosity of the lubricating oil caused by high temperature accelerated the erosion effect and release rate of the solid lubricant in the dimples. Thus, the polar additives in the lubricating oil and the chemical reactions between the cylinder substrates and solid lubricants that WS2 released from the dimples are the main factors in friction reduction. This study provides some guidance for anti-friction design of cylinders under high temperature conditions.
Synthesis, Characterization, DFT Study and Antifungal Activities of Some Novel 2-(Phenyldiazenyl)phenol Based Azo Dyes
Authors: Marinescu Maria , Popa Claudia Valentina , Tănase Maria Antonia , Soare Andreia Cristina , Tablet Cristina , Bala Daniela , Cinteza Ludmila Otilia , Diţu Lia Mara , Gifu Ioana Catalina , Petcu Cristian
Published: November 2022

In recent decades, there has been an increased interest in azo compounds with special optical and biological properties. In this work, we report the preparation of novel azo-compounds with two and three –N=N- double bonds, using the classical method of synthesis, diazotization and coupling. The compounds were characterized by 1H-NMR, 13C-NMR, FTIR, UV-VIS and fluorescence spectra. DFT calculations were employed for determining the optical parameters, polarizability α, the total static dipole moment μtot, the quadrupole moment Q and the mean first polarizability βtot. All azo derivatives show strong fluorescence emission in solutions. The antioxidant and antifungal activities were determined and the influence of the number of azo bonds was discussed. The synthesized compounds exhibit remarkable efficiency in the growth reduction of standard and clinical isolated Candida strains, suggesting future applications as novel antifungal.
Effect of Aging Treatment on the Precipitation Behavior of a Novel Al-Cu-Zr Cast Alloy
Authors: Wei Wu , Zuo Rui , Xue Da , Wen Shengping , Wu Yang , Shi Wei , Zhou Xiaorong , Huang Hui , Wu Xiaolan , Gao Kunyuan , Rong Li , Nie Zuoren
Published: November 2022

A novel Al-Cu-Zr alloy is designed in this paper, which provides a method for further improving the strength of Al-Cu alloys. In this paper, the addition of the micro-alloying element Zr in Al-Cu alloy was studied. The effect of aging treatment on the mechanical properties and precipitation behavior of the alloy was studied. With the addition of Zr, Al3Zr phases were formed in the alloy, which acts as obstacles to dislocation motion. In addition, Al3Zr phases can be used as the nucleation site of θ′ phases to promote precipitation. All this can improve the strength of Al-Cu alloys. After one-step aging, corresponding to the highest hardness, the largest amount of θ′ phases were observed in the alloy matrix. By contrast, after two-step aging, the θ′ phases were finer, and a large amount of Guinier–Preston (GP) zones formed during the pre-aging step, which were transformed into denser and finer θ′ phases in the secondary aging step. After the same solution treatment (540 °C/12 h), undergoing 120 °C/4 h + 175 °C/10 h two-step aging, the ultimate tensile strength, yield strength, and elongation of the Al-Cu-Zr alloy were 398.7 MPa, 313.3 MPa, and 7.9%, respectively.
Mechanical Properties and Corrosion Behavior of Silica Nanoparticle Reinforced Magnesium Nanocomposite for Bio-Implant Application
Authors: Iqbal AKM Asif , Ismail Norfatihah Binti
Published: November 2022

In this study, magnesium (Mg)-based nanocomposites reinforced with silica (SiO2) nanoparticles were developed using the powder metallurgy process, and their mechanical and corrosion behavior were assessed. Mg-alloy AZ31 served as the matrix material, and two different weight percentages of SiO2 nanoparticles were used as filler. According to the microstructural analysis, the composite generated a Mg2Si phase as a result of SiO2 dissociating during the sintering process. The microhardness of the Mg-alloy dramatically enhanced with the addition of 3% nanosilica, although the elastic modulus remained constant. Additionally, the outcomes demonstrated that the Mg2Si phase’s development in the composite constrained the mechanism of deterioration and postponed the pace of degradation, which aided in enhancing the qualities of corrosion resistance. This nanocomposite might, thus, be thought of as a potential replacement for the traditional bio-implant materials.
Correction: Sinchuk et al. Variational and Deep Learning Segmentation of Very-Low-Contrast X-ray Computed Tomography Images of Carbon/Epoxy Woven Composites. Materials 2020, 13, 936
Authors: Sinchuk Yuriy , Kibleur Pierre , Aelterman Jan , Boone Matthieu N. , Van Paepegem Wim
Published: November 2022

We would like to change the authors’ affiliation on the recent published paper [...]
Integration of Rice Husk Ash as Supplementary Cementitious Material in the Production of Sustainable High-Strength Concrete
Authors: Hasan Noor Md. Sadiqul , Sobuz Md. Habibur Rahman , Khan Md. Munir Hayet , Mim Nusrat Jahan , Meraz Md. Montaseer , Datta Shuvo Dip , Rana Md. Jewel , Saha Ayan , Akid Abu Sayed Mohammad , Mehedi Md. Tanjid , Houda Moustafa , Sutan Norsuzailina Mohamed
Published: November 2022

The incorporation of waste materials generated in many industries has been actively advocated for in the construction industry, since they have the capacity to lessen the pollution on dumpsites, mitigate environmental resource consumption, and establish a sustainable environment. This research has been conducted to determine the influence of different rice husk ash (RHA) concentrations on the fresh and mechanical properties of high-strength concrete. RHA was employed to partially replace the cement at 5%, 10%, 15%, and 20% by weight. Fresh properties, such as slump, compacting factor, density, and surface absorption, were determined. In contrast, its mechanical properties, such as compressive strength, splitting tensile strength and flexural strength, were assessed after 7, 28, and 60 days. In addition, the microstructural evaluation, initial surface absorption test, = environmental impact, and cost–benefit analysis were evaluated. The results show that the incorporation of RHA reduces the workability of fresh mixes, while enhancing their compressive, splitting, and flexural strength up to 7.16%, 7.03%, and 3.82%, respectively. Moreover, incorporating 10% of RHA provides the highest compressive strength, splitting tensile, and flexural strength, with an improved initial surface absorption and microstructural evaluation and greater eco-strength efficiencies. Finally, a relatively lower CO2-eq (equivalent to kg CO2) per MPa for RHA concrete indicates the significant positive impact due to the reduced Global Warming Potential (GWP). Thus, the current findings demonstrated that RHA can be used in the concrete industry as a possible revenue source for developing sustainable concretes with high performance.
Effects of Solution Treatment on Damping Capacities of Binary Mg-X (X = Ga and Er) Alloys
Authors: Dong Xiaoyang , Wang Jinxing , Wang Zichuan , Wang Xiyu , Dang Cong , Wan Zhicheng , Zou Yi , Wang Jingfeng , Pan Fusheng
Published: November 2022

Designing new materials for vibration and noise reduction that are lightweight is of great significance for industrial development. Magnesium (Mg) alloy is considered one of the best damping metal structural materials because of its low density, high specific strength, good energy storage characteristics and rich resources. Solution atoms have an important effect on the damping capacities of Mg alloys, but the relevant laws have not been completely clarified. In this work, two kinds of alloying elements (Ga and Er) with various atomic sizes were selected to study the metallographic structure and damping capacities of binary Mg-X (X = Ga and Er) alloys in the as-cast and solid solution states, respectively. Solution treatment can improve the damping capacities of binary Mg-X (X = Ga and Er) alloys, and the damping mechanisms of the two solid solution alloys are consistent with the G-L damping mechanism. The influence of alloy elements with different atomic sizes on damping capacities is also different. This influence is due to the various radii of solute atoms and Mg atoms which can result in different degrees of lattice distortion. This work provides a research basis for development and design of high-performance damping Mg alloy materials.
RIFT Process Analysis for the Production of Green Composites in Flax Fibers and Bio-Based Epoxy Resin
Authors: Sorrentino Luca , Turchetta Sandro , Parodo Gianluca , Papa Roberta , Toto Elisa , Santonicola Maria Gabriella , Laurenzi Susanna
Published: November 2022

In this work, a dual objective is carried out on composite materials in flax fiber and bio-based epoxy resin: to determine the process parameters and to develop a numerical model for highlighting the potential of and the limits in the production of “green” laminates through a RIFT process (Resin Infusion under Flexible Tool). For these reasons, compressibility tests were performed in order to evaluate the behavior of commercial flax woven under the vacuum bag. Subsequently, permeability tests were performed in order to evaluate the permeability curves necessary for the numerical study of the infusion process. For the numerical analyses, the commercial software PAM-RTM was adopted and validated. In this work, vaseline oil was used as the injected resin for the validation, and a bio-based epoxy commercial system was used for the study of the infusion process in a simple case study. The results were compared with a petroleum-based epoxy system typically used for infusion processes, showing the potentiality and the critical use of bio-based resins for infusion processes.
A Hybrid Nanocomposite Based on the T-Shaped Carbon Nanotubes and Fullerenes as a Prospect Material for Triple-Value Memory Cells
Authors: Levitsky Semyon G. , Shunaev Vladislav V. , Glukhova Olga E.
Published: November 2022

Relying on empirical and quantum chemical methods, a hybrid nanocomposite based on the T-shaped carbon nanotube (CNT) junction and internal fullerene C60 is proposed as a potential triple-value memory cell. The T-shaped CNT provides three potential wells where the internal fullerene can be located. The fullerene can move between these wells under the periodic external electric field, whose strength and frequency parameters are identified. The process of the fullerene’s motion control corresponds to the memory cell write operation. The read operation can be realized by determining the fullerene’s position inside the CNT by estimation of the charge transfer between a fullerene and the CNT’s walls. Calculations took into account such external factors as temperature and air environment.
Characterization of Ionic Transport in Li2O-(Mn:Fe)2O3-P2O5 Glasses for Li Batteries
Authors: Rim Young-Hoon , Baek Chang-Gyu , Yang Yong-Suk
Published: November 2022

We present a systematic study of the lithium-ion transport upon the mixed manganese-iron oxide phosphate glasses 3Li2O-xMn2O3-(2-x)Fe2O3-3P2O5(LMxF2−xPO; 0≤ x ≤2.0) proposed for the use in a cathode for lithium secondary batteries. The glasses have been fabricated using a solid reaction process. The electrical characteristics of the glass samples have been characterized by electrical impedance in the frequency range from 100 Hz to 30 MHz and temperature from 30 °C to 240 °C. Differential thermal analysis and X-ray diffraction were used to determine the thermal and structural properties. It has been observed that the dc conductivity decreases, but the activation energies of dc and ac and the glass-forming ability increase with the increasing Mn2O3 content in LMxF2−xPO glasses. The process of the ionic conduction and the relaxation in LMxF2−xPO glasses are determined by using power–law, Cole–Cole, and modulus methods. The Li+ ions migrate via the conduction pathway of the non-bridging oxygen formed by the depolymerization of the mixed iron–manganese–phosphate network structure. The mixed iron–manganese content in the LMxF2−xPO glasses constructs the sites with different depths of the potential well, leading to low ionic conductivity.
BTA Deep Hole Vibration Drilling for Nickel-Based Alloys: Cooling Patterns and Cutter Tooth Wear Mechanisms
Authors: Shi Yuhua , Zheng Jianming , Feng Pei , Shang Peng , Liu Chi , Chen Ting , Shan Shijie
Published: November 2022

The high cutting temperature and poor thermal diffusion efficiency of nickel-based alloys during deep hole machining have become technical challenges in the hole machining field. In this paper, a finite element simulation model of Inconel-718 BTA ordinary drilling and vibration drilling processes was established by using Deform-3D finite element simulation software. The variations in the temperatures of the tool teeth and the workpiece at different positions of the nickel-based alloy under ordinary drilling and vibration drilling were investigated. Additionally, the wear pattern of each tool tooth under the two drilling methods was further analyzed by building an experimental platform for workpiece temperature detection, which reveals the wear and cooling mechanism of nickel-based alloy BTA deep hole drilling. The results show that the average temperatures of the external, intermediate, and central teeth were reduced by 18.1%, 21.1%, and 17.8%, respectively, during vibration drilling. In addition, the workpiece hole wall and hole bottom temperatures were reduced by 5.7% and 4.6%, respectively. To conclude, the experimental tests were consistent with the simulated temperature trends. BTA vibration drilling optimizes the heat exchange conditions between the cutter teeth and the workpiece during the drilling of nickel-based alloys, which effectively reduces the cutting temperature and, thus, improves the wear resistance of the cutter teeth.
Determining Dynamic Mechanical Properties for Elastic Concrete Material Based on the Inversion of Spherical Wave
Authors: Lai Huawei , Wang Zhanjiang , Yang Liming , Wang Lili , Zhou Fenghua
Published: November 2022

The paper presents a new method to study the dynamic mechanical properties of concrete under low pressure and a high strain rate via the inversion of spherical wave propagation. The dynamic parameters of rate-dependent constitutive relation of elastic concrete are determined by measured velocity histories of spherical waves. Firstly, the particle velocity time history profiles in the low stress elastic region at the radii of 100.6 mm, 120.6 mm, 140.6 mm, 160 mm, and 180.6 mm are measured in the semi-infinite space of concrete by using the mini-explosive ball and electromagnetic velocity measurement technology. Then, based on the universal spherical wave conservation equation and the fact that the accommodation relationship in state equation satisfies linear elastic law, the inverse problem analysis of spherical waves in concrete (called “NV + T0/SW”) is proposed, which can obtain the dynamic numerical constitutive behavior of concrete in three-dimensional stress by measuring the velocity histories. The numerical constitutive relation is expressed in the form of distortion, and it is found that the distortion law has an obvious rate effect. Finally, the rate-dependent dynamic parameters in concrete are determined by the standard linear solid model. The results show that the strain rate effect of concrete cannot be ignored with the strain rate range of 102 1/s. This study can provide a feasible method to determine the dynamic parameters of rate-dependent constitutive relation of concretes. This method has good applicability, especially in the study of the dynamic behavior of multicomponent composite materials with large-size particle filler.
Structural, Morphological, Optical and Magnetic Studies of Cu-Doped ZnO Nanostructures
Authors: Kumar Shalendra , Ahmed Faheem , Ahmad Naushad , Shaalan Nagih M. , Kumar Rajesh , Alshoaibi Adil , Arshi Nishat , Dalela Saurabh , Sayeed Fatima , Kumari Kavita
Published: November 2022

In the present work, Cu-doped ZnO nanostructures (Cu% = 0, 1, 5) have been prepared using microwave-assisted chemical route synthesis. The synthesized nanostructures were investigated through structural, morphological, optical, and magnetic characterizations. The results of the X-ray diffraction (XRD), high resolution transmission electron microscopy (HR-TEM), and selective area electron diffraction (SAED) patterns confirmed that all of the samples exhibit the single-phase polycrystalline hexagonal crystal structure. The XRD results infer a decrease in the lattice parameters (a/c) by increasing the Cu% doping into ZnO. The field emission scanning electron microscopy (FE-SEM) and energy dispersive x-ray (EDX) spectroscopic measurements revealed the formation of nanostructures, showing the major elemental presence of Zn and O in the samples. The photoluminescence (PL) spectra exhibited photoemission in the UV and blue-green regions. With the increase in the Cu%, the photoemission in the UV region is reduced, while it is enhanced in the blue-green region. Raman spectra of the Cu-doped ZnO nanostructures displayed a blue shift of the E2High mode and an increase in the peak intensity of E1(LO), indicating the doping of Cu ion in the ZnO lattice. The dc magnetization measurements demonstrated the ferromagnetic behavior of all of the samples with an enhanced ferromagnetic character with increasing Cu%.
Grapevine Plants Management Using Natural Extracts and Phytosynthesized Silver Nanoparticles
Authors: Vizitiu Diana Elena , Sardarescu Daniela Ionela , Fierascu Irina , Fierascu Radu Claudiu , Soare Liliana Cristina , Ungureanu Camelia , Buciumeanu Elena Cocuta , Guta Ionela Catalina , Pandelea Letitia Mariana
Published: November 2022

Starting from the well-known antimicrobial properties of silver nanoparticles, the goal of this study is to evaluate the influence of two “green” recipes, namely an alcoholic extract of Dryopteris filix-mas (L.) Schott and a dispersion of silver nanoparticles phytosynthesized using the extract on grapevine pathogens. The influence of some grapevine parameters (pith/wood rapport, soluble sugars, starch, total sugars, total water content, length of young shoots, number of grapes) in field experiments was also studied. The study was conducted on four clones (Feteasca alba 97 St., Feteasca neagra 6 St., Feteasca regala 72 St., and Cabernet Sauvignon 131 St.) located in vegetation pots inside a greenhouse. For the phytosynthesis of the silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) we used a scaled-up technology, allowing us to obtain large quantities of nanoparticles-containing solution. The AgNPs analysis by X-ray diffraction and transmission electron microscopy confirmed the synthesis of spherical and quasi-spherical nanoparticles of 17 nm average diameter and 6.72 nm crystallite size. The field experiments registered different responses of the four clones to the treatment, using both the natural extracts and phytosynthesized nanoparticles solution. Both recipes exhibited a protective effect against the Uncinula necator pathogen. For the treatment using phytosynthesized nanoparticles, significant increases in the pith/wood ratio for white wine clones (Feteasca alba 97 St. and Feteasca regala 72 St.) were observed. The biochemical analyses revealed other significant increases of soluble sugars (red wine clones—Feteasca neagra and Cabernet Sauvignon/second year), starch (Feteasca alba and Cabernet Sauvignon in 2021 for both clones), total sugars (Feteasca alba and Feteasca neagra in 2021 for both clones), and of total water content (Feteasca alba and Feteasca neagra in 2021 for both clones), respectively. The applied treatments also led to an increase of young shoots length and grape numbers for all clones as compared to the control (chemical pesticide), which would suggest a potential biostimulant effect of the recipes.
Cu Nanowires and Nanoporous Ag Matrix Fabricated through Directional Solidification and Selective Dissolution of Ag–Cu Eutectic Alloys
Authors: Xu Jiaxing , Gao Jianjun , Qin Hongling , Liu Zhiyang , Zhu Linpeng , Geng Haibin , Yao Ligang , Zhao Zhilong
Published: November 2022

Cu nanowires and a nanoporous Ag matrix were fabricated through directional solidification and selective dissolution of Ag–Cu eutectic alloys. Ag-39.9at.%Cu eutectic alloys were directionally solidified at growth rates of 14, 25, and 34 μm/s at a temperature gradient of 10 K/cm. The Cu phase in the Ag matrix gradually changed from lamellar to fibrous with an increase in the growth rate. The Ag matrix phase was selectively dissolved, and Cu nanowires of 300–600 nm in diameter and tens of microns in length were prepared in 0.1 M borate buffer with a pH of 9.18 at a constant potential of 0.7 V (vs. SCE). The nanoporous Ag matrix was fabricated through selective dissolution of Cu fiber phase in 0.1 M acetate buffer with a pH of 6.0 at a constant potential of 0.5 V (vs. SCE). The diameter of Ag pores decreased with increasing growth rate. The diameter and depth of Ag pores increased when corrosion time was extended. The depth of the pores was 30 μm after 12 h.