bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Frequency and specificity of erythrocyte alloimmunization in patients at a reference hospital in Alagoas, Brazil
Authors: Barbosa Kledson Lopes , Lessa Erika Elita Araújo , Soares Margareth Alves , Souza Walkíria de Araújo , Lins Filho Audemário de Gusmão , Pereira Krisley Rodrigues Lima , Chagas Kelly Patrícia Alexandre , Araújo Cinthya Pereira Leite Costa de , Brêda Djana Maria de Lima , Pereira Luciana de Andrade
Published: August 2022

Objective: To determine the frequency and specificity of erythrocyte alloimmunization in patients treated by hemotherapy at the University Hospital Professor Alberto Antunes - UFAL, Maceió-Alagoas, in the period 2013-2018. Methods: Retrospective analysis all patient records with request for red blood cell concentrate (RBC) with a positive erythrocyte antibody test. Results: The incidence of erythrocyte alloimmunization was higher in women n=144 (80.45%) than in men n=35 (19.55%). We detected 13 antibodies, the most frequent specificities identified were anti-D (35.20%), anti-M (12.30%) and anti-E (7.82%). The combination of antibodies occurred in twenty-six cases with prevalence for combinations of antibodies of the Rh system, anti-D + anti-C (23.08%). The highest incidence of alloantibodies was observed in pregnant women. Conclusion: The population studied had high levels of alloimmunization through the Rh System, greater specificity of alloimmunization in women through anti-D and higher rate of alloimmunization among men over the age of 40. Further studies are necessary for a better understanding of red blood cell alloimmunization for population of Alagoas.
Câncer de pele e os perigos dos raios UV
Authors: Silva Bernardo Coupêe Gonçalves da , Zanoni Rodrigo Daniel , Bomfim Vitoria Vilas Boas da Silva , Behrens Priscila de Almeida Castro , Regufe Madalena Martins Viveiros , Araújo Paulo da Costa , Emerick Maria Gabrielle Dutra Martinez , Costa Ana Carolina Messias de Souza Ferreira da , Vieira Raquel da Silva , Treptow Lisiane Madalena , Silva Amanda Santana Goes da
Published: August 2022

O câncer de pele acontece quando as células da pele crescem e se multiplicam de forma descontrolada e desordenada. Normalmente, novas células da pele se formam quando as células envelhecem e morrem ou quando são danificadas. Quando esse processo não funciona como deveria, ocorre um rápido crescimento de células (algumas das quais podem ser células anormais). Tendo como objetivo revisar na literatura os perigos dos raios ultravioleta para o câncer de pele. Trata-se de uma revisão integrativa de literatura realizada através das bases de dados SciELO, LILACS, BDENF e MEDLINE, através dos seguintes DeCS: “Neoplasias”, “Neoplasias Cutâneas” e “Raios Ultravioleta”. Como critérios de inclusão: artigos disponíveis online, na íntegra, nos idiomas português, inglês e espanhol, que abordassem a temática nos últimos dez anos.omo critérios de exclusão: artigos que não contemplavam o tema e estudos repetidos entre bases de dados. A principal causa do câncer de pele é a exposição excessiva à luz solar, especialmente quando resulta em queimaduras solares e bolhas. Os raios ultravioleta (UV) do sol danificam o DNA da pele, causando a formação de células anormais. Essas células anormais se dividem rapidamente de maneira desorganizada, formando uma massa de células cancerígenas. A pele é o maior órgão do seu corpo, sendo assim precisa de tanta atenção quanto qualquer outro problema de saúde. O que pode parecer uma imperfeição cosmética inocente, pode não ser. Realizar verificações regulares da pele é importante para todos e é especialmente importante se a pessoa já tem histórico na família por uma pessoa com risco aumentado de câncer de pele.
Influência do Tratamento Restaurador Atraumático e sua indicação terapêutica frente ao tecido infectado e afetado: uma revisão narrativa
Authors: Silva Láisa Marra da , Lara Marcela Alves , Melo Kariny Danielly dos Santos , Monteiro Juliana Franco , Araújo Diogo Alves de , Barbieri Ana Amélia , Martins Victor da Mota
Published: August 2022

Tratamento Restaurador Atraumático, conhecido como ART (Atraumatic Restorative Treatment), trata-se de uma técnica que utiliza apenas escavadores e curetas manuais para realizar a remoção do tecido cariado. Posteriormente, é aplicado um material restaurador adesivo, como o cimento de ionômero de vidro (CIV) que apresenta como vantagem a liberação de flúor. Essa técnica utiliza a remoção seletiva de tecido cariado, removendo apenas tecido infectado e mantém o tecido afetado. Com isso, o objetivo desse trabalho é realizar uma revisão de literatura acerca do ART, suas características, vantagens e limitações durante a decisão terapêutica frente ao tecido infectado e afetado. Foi realizada uma pesquisa através das bases de dados PubMed e BVS, no período de 2013 a 2022, com as palavras chaves: Dental Caries AND Dentin AND Caries-affected dentin. A técnica ART é indicada tanto para dentes decíduos quanto para permanentes. É uma técnica simples, de fácil execução, de baixo custo, indolor, em que dispensa o uso da caneta de alta rotação e uso de anestesia local. Essa técnica apresenta algumas limitações como, o tamanho e retenção da cavidade, qualidade do material restaurador e, principalmente, a baixa aceitação da técnica por parte do profissional e comunidade. A orientação deve ser monitorada com consultas controle. É possível concluir que o ART é uma técnica de amplo alcance social, reduzindo tempo clínico, sendo de fácil aplicação tanto na cadeira odontológica como em locais sem equipamentos. Contudo, necessita de treinamento e capacitação do operador e auxiliar.
Niacinamide for the treatment of melasma: an integrative review of randomized clinical trials
Authors: Pedroso Adriana Giomo , Furtado Gisele Rosada Dônola , Barbosa Kledson Lopes
Published: August 2022

Introduction: Melasma is a very common and difficult to treat hypermelanosis because it usually responds poorly to therapies, negatively affecting the quality of life of patients. Objective: to know and analyze the scientific evidence related to the treatment of patients with facial melasma treated with niacinamide.  Method: a literature review was performed based on a data search in BIREME, PubMed, SciELO and ScienceDirect. Articles indexed in these electronic journals were included in the time frame from 2011 to 2019. Results: Evidence analyzes revealed a major impact on the appearance of facial melasma after niacinamide treatment. Well, the studies (100%) concluded improvement of the spots with the treatment time, improving the appearance of the skin. Conclusion: Evidence shows that niacinamide has a lightening property in adult women with improvement of melanic hyperpigmentation caused by melasma. However, there is very little evidence published in the last decade using pure niacinamide for increased pigmentation in melasma.
Imunomodulação por microfilarias e sua implicação na reação imune contra diferentes antígenos vacinais
Authors: Cruz Alessandra de Oliveira , Suwa Uziel Ferreira
Published: August 2022

Este estudo aborda as Mansonellas que estão entre as causas mais comuns de parasitoses sanguíneas e encontram-se amplamente distribuídas em toda a África e América Latina. Diante deste contexto, este trabalho tem como objetivo dissertar sobre a imunomodulação produzida por mansonelose e sua implicação na reação imune contra diferentes antígenos vacinais. Para que fosse possível o alcance deste objetivo, foi utilizada a metodologia para a pesquisa bibliográfica com auxílio dos sites Biblioteca Virtual de Saúde, Scielo – Scientific Electronic Library Online, Lilacs – Centro Latino-Americano e do Caribe de Informação em Ciências da Saúde e NIH-NCBI-Pubmed – Centro Nacional de Informação Biotecnológica – Biblioteca Nacional de Medicina. Nestes sites foram utilizados os descritores: Filárias, Imunologia, Mansonelas e Vacina. A imunomodulação produzida por nematoides filariais predispõe a que se estenda a outros antígenos não-filariais. Assim, a infecção filarial pode ter profunda implicação na reação imune contra outros antígenos, sejam eles vacinas, alérgenos ambientais ou outras infecções. Desta forma, a imunossupressão parece ser a chave nas infecções crônicas por filárias, onde diferentes mecanismos altamente eficazes são utilizados pelos parasitos para promover sua sobrevivência. Com isso, essas infecções acabam apresentando uma característica extremamente relevante que é sua propensão em induzir efeitos regulatórios a uma variedade de respostas imunes, incluindo respostas a vacinas e outros agentes infecciosos.
Free-Living Amoeba Vermamoeba vermiformis Induces Allergic Airway Inflammation
Authors: Lee Da-In , Park Sung Hee , Kang Shin-Ae , Kim Do Hyun , Kim Sun Hyun , Song So Yeon , Lee Sang Eun , Yu Hak Sun
Published: August 2022

The high percentage of Vermamoeba was found in tap water in Korea. This study investigated whether Vermamoeba induced allergic airway inflammation in mice. We selected 2 free-living amoebas (FLAs) isolated from tap water, which included Korean FLA 5 (KFA5; Vermamoeba vermiformis) and 21 (an homolog of Acanthamoeba lugdunensis KA/ E2). We axenically cultured KFA5 and KFA21. We applied approximately 1 × 106 to mice’s nasal passages 6 times and investigated their pathogenicity. The airway resistance value was significantly increased after KFA5 and KFA21 treatments. The eosinophil recruitment and goblet cell hyperplasia were concomitantly observed in bronchial alveolar lavage (BAL) fluid and lung tissue in mice infected with KFA5 and KFA21. These infections also activated the Th2-related interleukin 25, thymic stromal lymphopoietin, and thymus and activation-regulated chemokines gene expression in mouse lung epithelial cells. The CD4+ interleukin 4+ cell population was increased in the lung, and the secretion of Th2-, Th17-, and Th1-associated cytokines were upregulated during KFA5 and KFA21 infection in the spleen, lung-draining lymph nodes, and BAL fluid. The pathogenicity (allergenicity) of KFA5 and KFA21 might not have drastically changed during the long-term in vitro culture. Our results suggested that Vermamoeba could elicit allergic airway inflammation and may be an airway allergen.
An Evaluation of a New Quantitative Point-of Care Diagnostic to Measure Glucose-6-phosphate Dehydrogenase Activity
Authors: Bahk Young Yil , Ahn Seong Kyu , Jeon Heung Jin , Na Byoung-Kuk , Lee Sung-Keun , Shin Ho-Joon
Published: August 2022

Malaria continues to be one of the most crucial infectious burdens in endemic areas worldwide, as well as for travelers visiting malaria transmission regions. It has been reported that 8-aminoquinolines are effective against the Plasmodium species, particularly primaquine, for anti-hypnozoite therapy in P. vivax malaria. However, primaquine causes acute hemolytic anemia in individuals with glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase (G6PD) deficiency. Therefore, G6PD deficiency testing should precede hypnozoite elimination with 8-aminoquinoline. Several point-of-care devices have been developed to detect G6PD deficiency. The aim of the present study was to evaluate the performance of a novel, quantitative G6PD diagnostics based on a metagenomic blue fluorescent protein (mBFP). We comparatively evaluated the sensitivity and specificity of the G6PD diagnostic modality with standard methods using 120 human whole blood samples. The G6PD deficiency was spectrophotometrically confirmed. The performance of the G6PD quantitative test kit was compared with that of a licensed control medical device, the G6PD strip. The G6PD quantitative test kit had a sensitivity of 95% (95% confidence interval (CI): 89.3-100%) and a specificity of 100% (95% CI: 94.3-100%). This study shows that the novel diagnostic G6PD quantitative test kit could be a cost-effective and time-efficient, and universally mandated screening tool for G6PD deficiency.
Harmonization of the excise taxation of alcoholic beverages and tobacco products in EU countries: experience for Ukraine
Authors:   West Ukrainian National University, LUTSYK Anatoliy , DMYTRIV Volodymyr ,   West Ukrainian National University
Published: August 2022

The impact of the excise tax on the profitability of the production of certain goods makes it possible to change the interest of producers to enter such areas of business as the production of alcohol, tobacco, oils and lubricants. These productions objectively have significant profitability due to low costs and high market price of finished products. In recent decades, excise taxation in the European Union has gradually shifted to an instrument of regulatory and protective influence. In each EU country, national specifics, fiscal needs, and social policy are taken into account when assessing and setting tax rates. Adaptation of excise taxation of alcoholic beverages and tobacco products in terms of martial law in Ukraine requires a balanced approach. The sharp rise in excise tax rates on alcohol and tobacco before the war posed great risks, as the border with Belarus and the Russian Federation affected the illicit trafficking of such products from countries with much lower excise tax rates. The ways to solve these specified problems are offered.
PENGUATAN PERAN WARGA MASYARAKAT DALAM MITIGASI DAN ADAPTASI MENGHADAPI WABAH COVID-19 DI KABUPATEN BUTON TENGAH
Authors: Zubaydah Wa Ode Sitti , Sida Nurramadhani A.
Published: August 2022

In early 2020, Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) was declared as a global pandemic by the World Health Organization (WHO). The number of positive cases of this virus continues to grow every day. Positive cases in Buton Tengah by 3 months increased up to 41 cases. Therefore the socialization of the mitigation and adaptation program of the people of Central of Buton during the COVID-19 outbreak needs to be done. The purpose is achievement of the ability to live a healthy life in the form of preventive measures to  faced covid-19 outbreak. Mitigation programs carried out are the Healthy Living Community Movement (GERMAS), clean and healthy living behavior (PHBS), Community Movement using masks (GEMAS), TOGA and VCO, as well as the use of handsanitizers and disinfectants. The method was discourse directly to the public. The results obtained is increased public understanding of how to prevent COVID-19 infection in the mitigation program delivered. Conclusion is the mitigation socialization of COVID-19 received a very good response from the community, the residents felt very helped and there was an increase in community understanding and skills.
IMPLEMENTASI SISTEM INFORMASI ADMINISTRASI PEMERINTAHAN DESA BERBASIS DIGITAL (WEB DESA/KELURAHAN) MELALUI VIRTUAL TRAINING DALAM PELAYANAN PUBLIK MASA PANDEMI COVID 19 DI PROVINSI SULAWESI TENGGARA TAHUN 2020
Authors: Sartono Sartono , Elwan La Ode Muhammad , Tawai Adrian , Yusuf Muhammad , Aslim La Ode
Published: August 2022

Integrated community service activities (KKN) Thematic Scope of Halu Oleo University aims to contribute to the government and citizens, especially in public services during the Covid-19 Pandemic in Southeast Sulawesi. This activity is a Training on the Use of Digital-Based Village Administration Information Systems (Village / kelurahan Web) in Public Services to Support Physical Distancing in Preventing the Spread of Covid 19 in Southeast Sulawesi Province. The method used in Thematic KKN is carried out online as a form of responding to government policies in preventing and suppressing the spread of Covid 19. Students have activities from the beginning to the end of the KKN activities carried out in their respective domicile areas using the online internet media among others, through mett zoom, WhatShaap, Google Forms, Hosting and website domains. The results of community service activities through Thematic KKN for students provide information that on average, village / kelurahan government officials do not know and understand how to use internet technology facilities in public services, especially the use of digital-based village administration information systems. Only 1 village in Southeast Sulawesi has a website. There has never been any technical training for the village / output website operators. Local government support is very limited in providing village / kelurahan government governance resources online.
PENGOLAHAN DAN STRATEGI PEMASARAN PRODUK OLAHAN BURUNG PUYUH SEBAGAI ALTERNATIF PENINGKATAN INCOME SELAMA MASA PANDEMI COVID-19 DI KOTA KENDARI
Authors: Badaruddin Rusli , Sani La Ode Arsad , Sandiah Natsir , Syamsuddin Syamsuddin , Aka Rahim , Hadini Hairil A. , Auza Fuji Astuty , Indi Amiluddin
Published: August 2022

Kendari City as the provincial capital has the highest incidence of positive covid-19 cases compared to other districts / cities in Southeast Sulawesi, Until April 23, 2020 there were 17 positive patients with Covid-19 who were undergoing treatment. This has implications for decreasing consumption and people's income because they cannot carry out normal activities. The steps taken by the central and local governments to combat the Covid-19 pandemic are by carrying out social distancing or social restrictions by limiting distances between individuals and avoiding crowds. Another government policy is the implementation of work from home (WFH) or activities from home for some employees and school children. This condition adversely affects the economy of Kendari city. One of the solutions offered is raising quail by utilizing the house yard. Quail maintenance is quite easy, does not require a large area and the maintenance system can be completed in a minimalist manner. Quail products consist of eggs and meat. Quail meat is processed into rica-rica quail meat and eggs are processed into quail egg nest tofu. KKN-THEMATIC aims to provide insights and knowledge about processing and marketing of processed quail products to the public. The method used is a persuasive participatory method with direct extension activities and practices. The results that have been achieved in this KKN-TEMATIK activity are an increase in the knowledge and understanding of breeders and the community in developing their business sustainability by making processed quail products, aswell as marketing management of processed quail products.
TRANSFER PENGETAHUAN TEKNOLOGI POMPA HIDRAM (NON LISTRIK & BBM) DI DESA LALOUESAMBA KABUPATEN KONAWE SELATAN
Authors: Agustan Agustan , Ngii Edward , Ade Putra Adris , Nurjannah Ahmad Sitti , Balaka Rudi , Fitriah S Fitriah S
Published: August 2022

Lalouesamba Village is one of the youngest villages in the South Konawe Regency, with a non-coastal slope topography of 82 meters above sea level and an area of about 4.1 km2. The majority are farming/gardening, coolies, and construction workers are the main occupations. Potential water resources include rivers with a width of 3-5 meters around the village. Each 1 artesian spot, boiling water spot, murky water borehole, and 5 units of wells with a depth of 15 meters. The problem with this village partner is that there is still a lack of access to clean water, so the solution offered to lift/pump the potential for river flow is to use a hydraulic ram pump without electricity & fuel. Therefore, this community service activity aims to provide an understanding of hydraulic ram pump knowledge and open insight into the potential for welfare due to the pump. The results of the transfer of knowledge of hydraulic ram pumps show a good indication with the achievement of the main material up to 80% based on the results of the feedback questionnaire and it can be stated that the villagers of Lalouesamba are ready to advance to the next stage, namely practical training on assembling/making hydraulic ram pumps. Requests for additional discussion from residents and village heads are evidence of the enthusiastic response, which is a sign of the opening of insight into the potential of hydram pumps for the welfare of villagers after receiving enlightenment about hydram knowledge
INTENSIFIKASI KUALITAS PEMOTONGAN AYAM KAMPUNG SUPER DAN DIVERSIFIKASI PRODUK AYAM KAMPUNG DI DESA ALEBO UNTUK MENINGKATKAN KESEJAHTERAAN PETERNAK
Authors: Kurniawan Widhi , Bain Ali , Malesi La , Kimestri Asma Bio , Isnaeni Purnaning Dhian
Published: August 2022

Desa Alebo di Kecamatan Konda, Kabupaten Konawe Selatan merupakan salah satu desa dengan populasi ayam kampung yang tinggi. Daging ayam kampung super sangat diminati dan memiliki daya tarik komsumsi daging di masyarakat. Program bina desa ini bertujuan untuk meningkatkan pengetahuan dan keterampilan masyarakat dalam manajemen pemotongan ayam sehingga karkas yang dihasilkan memiliki kualitas yang lebih baik; serta meningkatkan pendapatan masyarakat melalui diversifikasi produk olahan ayam kampung yang diproduksi oleh peternak. Program bina desa dilakukan dengan dua metode kegiatan, yaitu metode kegiatan fisik dan non fisik yang dilaksanakan secara terstruktur. Metode kegiatan non fisik meliputi ceramah dan diskusi terbuka, sedangkan metode kegiatan fisik meliputi pelatihan dan pendampingan mitra secara langsung. Hasil kegiatan ini menunjukkan masyarakat mampu mengambil manfaat dan mampu meningkatkan kualitas manajemen pemotongan ayam kampung di Desa Alebo Kecamatan Konda, Konawe Selatan sehingga kualitas karkas ayam kampung yang dihasilkan mitra juga meningkat. Masyarakat juga mulai melakukan diversifikasi produk hasil pemotongan ayam kampung dengan mengolahnya menjadi produk ayam olahan yang memiliki nilai ekonomi yang lebih tinggi.
PEMANFAATAN ECO-ENZYME UNTUK PENINGKATAN KUALITAS LINGKUNGAN DAN KESUBURAN LAHAN DI DESA LEBO JAYA KECAMATAN KONDA KABUPATEN KONAWE SELATAN
Authors: Santiaji Bande La Ode , Alwi La Ode , Pakki Teri , Saefuddin Saefuddin , Rustam La Ode
Published: August 2022

The use of ecoenzymes is an effort to answer the problem of using inorganic fertilizers and environmental damage which is increasingly being used among farmers because their use has a negative impact. The target of implementing community service activities that are integrated with the Thematic KKN program are farmers in Lebo Jaya Village, Konda District, South Konawe Regency which have been designated as Organic Agriculture Areas. Most of the farmers in Lebo Jaya Village still use inorganic fertilizers and synthetic pesticides. The purpose of this activity is to provide farmers with an understanding of organic farming through training on making ecoenzymes. The output of this activity is that farmers are expected to gradually reduce or even no longer use inorganic fertilizers and start switching to the application of organic farming based on household waste.
PEMANFAATAN PEKARANGAN SEBAGAI USAHA PENINGKATAN KETAHANAN PANGAN KELUARGA MELALUI REKAYASA KESUBURAN TANAH DI WILAYAH PESISIR KELURAHAN BUNGKUTOKO KOTA KENDARI
Authors: Sabaruddin Laode , Kamaluddin Murdjani , Zulfikar Zulfikar , Mila Rahni Nini , Aysyah Anas Arsy
Published: August 2022

The majority of the population in Bungkutoko Village are fishermen and housewives. The problem encountered in most households in this village is that the yard land has not been utilized for the cultivation of plants that are useful for food availability. In addition, household waste is widely available but has not been maximally utilized as raw material for making planting media for cultivated plants. Therefore, community service activities are carried out to increase community knowledge and skills in utilizing yard land for vegetable crop cultivation in order to support food security through modification of agricultural techniques and soil fertility engineering. The method used is socialization and counselling, then practice or demonstration in the field of how to cultivate vegetables to provide real examples to partners. Partner members are continuously encouraged to always be actively involved and become subjects in this activity accompanied by students and a team of lecturers. The result of community service is that the community is able to apply the yard utilization model because of the increased knowledge and skills of the community about the cultivation of food crops (vegetables) in the yard, and the increased knowledge and skills of the community about soil fertility engineering in the yard/coastal land.
The microbiome of lower respiratory tract and tumor tissue in lung cancer manifested as radiological ground-glass opacity
Authors: Wu Zhigang , Tang Jie , Zhuang Runzhou , Meng Di , Zhang Lichen , Gu Chen , Teng Xiao , Zhu Ziyue , Liu Jiacong , Pang Jinghua , Hu Jian , Lv Xiayi
Published: August 2022

Recent studies have confirmed the existence of microbiota in the lungs. The relationship between lung ground-glass opacity (GGO) and microbiota in the lung microenvironment is not clear. In this study, we investigated the microbial composition and diversity in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF) of diseased lung segments and paired contralateral healthy lung segments from 11 GGO patients. Furthermore, lung GGO and paired normal tissues of 26 GGO patients were explored whether there are microbial characteristics related to GGO. Compared with the control group, the community richness of GGO tissue and BALF of GGO lung segment (α-diversity) and overall microbiome difference (β-diversity) had no significant difference. The microbiome composition of BALF of GGO segments is distinct from that of paired healthy lung segments [genus (Rothia), order (Lachnospiraceae), family (Lachnospiraceae), genus (Lachnospiraceae_NK4A136_group, Faecalibacterium), and species (Faecalibacterium prausnitzii, Bacteroides uniforms)]. GGO tissue and adjacent lung tissue had more significant differences at the levels of class, order, family, genus, and species level, and most of them are enriched in normal lung tissue. The area under the curve (AUC) using 10 genera-based biomarkers to predict GGO was 91.05% (95% CI: 81.93–100%). In conclusion, this study demonstrates there are significant differences in the lower respiratory tract and lung microbiome between GGO and the non-malignant control group through the BALF and lung tissues. Furthermore, some potential bacterial biomarkers showed good performance to predict GGO.
Effects of HSD11B1 knockout and overexpression on local cortisol production and differentiation of mesenchymal stem cells
Authors: Kragl Angelique , Schoon Janosch , Tzvetkova Ana , Wenzel Christoph , Blaschke Martina , Böcker Wolfgang , Siggelkow Heide , Tzvetkov Mladen V.
Published: August 2022

Exogenous glucocorticoids increase the risk for osteoporosis, but the role of endogenous glucocorticoids remains elusive. Here, we describe the generation and validation of a loss- and a gain-of-function model of the cortisol producing enzyme 11β-HSD1 (HSD11B1) to modulate the endogenous glucocorticoid conversion in SCP-1 cells — a model for human mesenchymal stem cells capable of adipogenic and osteogenic differentiation. CRISPR-Cas9 was successfully used to generate a cell line carrying a single base duplication and a 5 bp deletion in exon 5, leading to missense amino acid sequences after codon 146. These inactivating genomic alterations were validated by deep sequencing and by cloning with subsequent capillary sequencing. 11β-HSD1 protein levels were reduced by 70% in the knockout cells and cortisol production was not detectable. Targeted chromosomal integration was used to stably overexpress HSD11B1. Compared to wildtype cells, HSD11B1 overexpression resulted in a 7.9-fold increase in HSD11B1 mRNA expression, a 5-fold increase in 11β-HSD1 protein expression and 3.3-fold increase in extracellular cortisol levels under adipogenic differentiation. The generated cells were used to address the effects of 11β-HSD1 expression on adipogenic and osteogenic differentiation. Compared to the wildtype, HSD11B1 overexpression led to a 3.7-fold increase in mRNA expression of lipoprotein lipase (LPL) and 2.5-fold increase in lipid production under adipogenic differentiation. Under osteogenic differentiation, HSD11B1 knockout led to enhanced alkaline phosphatase (ALP) activity and mRNA expression, and HSD11B1 overexpression resulted in a 4.6-fold and 11.7-fold increase in mRNA expression of Dickkopf-related protein 1 (DKK1) and LPL, respectively. Here we describe a HSD11B1 loss- and gain-of-function model in SCP-1 cells at genetic, molecular and functional levels. We used these models to study the effects of endogenous cortisol production on mesenchymal stem cell differentiation and demonstrate an 11β-HSD1 dependent switch from osteogenic to adipogenic differentiation. These results might help to better understand the role of endogenous cortisol production in osteoporosis on a molecular and cellular level.
Porous construction and surface modification of titanium-based materials for osteogenesis: A review
Authors: Wang Rui , Ni Shilei , Ma Li , Li Meihua
Published: August 2022

Titanium and titanium alloy implants are essential for bone tissue regeneration engineering. The current trend is toward the manufacture of implants from materials that mimic the structure, composition and elasticity of bones. Titanium and titanium alloy implants, the most common materials for implants, can be used as a bone conduction material but cannot promote osteogenesis. In clinical practice, there is a high demand for implant surfaces that stimulate bone formation and accelerate bone binding, thus shortening the implantation-to-loading time and enhancing implantation success. To avoid stress shielding, the elastic modulus of porous titanium and titanium alloy implants must match that of bone. Micro-arc oxidation technology has been utilized to increase the surface activity and build a somewhat hard coating on porous titanium and titanium alloy implants. More recently, a growing number of researchers have combined micro-arc oxidation with hydrothermal, ultrasonic, and laser treatments, coatings that inhibit bacterial growth, and acid etching with sand blasting methods to improve bonding to bone. This paper summarizes the reaction at the interface between bone and implant material, the porous design principle of scaffold material, MAO technology and the combination of MAO with other technologies in the field of porous titanium and titanium alloys to encourage their application in the development of medical implants.
Glycosylation modification patterns reveal distinct tumor metabolism and immune microenvironment landscape in lower-grade gliomas
Authors: Tang Guihua , Tan Liming , Yuan Hao , Yin Wen
Published: August 2022

Glycosylation alterations, a key driver throughout tumorigenesis and tumor progression, could regulate the microenvironment and immune response as well as lead to harmful metabolism and cell signaling. In this study, we first comprehensively evaluated the glycosylation modification patterns of LGGs based on glycosyltransferase family genes and systematically integrated these modification patterns with tumor metabolism and immune microenvironment characteristics. Glycosylation score was also developed to quantify glycosylation modification patterns of individuals. As a result, two glycosylation modification patterns were identified, with distinct prognosis, metabolism, and immune microenvironment features. The glycosylation subtype A and cluster A were characterized by higher carbohydrates and amino acid metabolism activity, higher levels of infiltrating cells, and poor prognosis, whereas an opposite modification pattern was observed in glycosylation subtype B and cluster B. In addition, a high glycosylation score is closer to a microenvironment characterized by chronic inflammation, immunosuppression, and tumor promotion. Following analysis and validation, the glycosylation score was a reliable and independent prognostic index. More importantly, the glycosylation score influenced the response to immunotherapy, chemotherapy, or targeted therapy, which provided a novel insight into promoting personalized therapy in the future and may contribute to developing novel therapeutic drugs or exploring promising drug combination therapy strategies.
Rapid detection of Phytophthora cinnamomi based on a new target gene Pcinn13739
Authors: Chen Zhenpeng , Jiao Binbin , Zhou Jing , He Haibin , Dai Tingting
Published: August 2022

Phytophthora cinnamomi causes crown and root wilting in more than 5,000 plant species and represents a significant threat to the health of natural ecosystems and horticultural crops. The early and accurate detection of P. cinnamomi is a fundamental step in disease prevention and appropriate management. In this study, based on public genomic sequence data and bioinformatic analysis of several Phytophthora, Phytopythium, and Pythium species, we have identified a new target gene, Pcinn13739; this allowed us to establish a recombinase polymerase amplification–lateral flow dipstick (RPA-LFD) assay for the detection of P. cinnamomi. Pcinn13739-RPA-LFD assay was highly specific to P. cinnamomi. Test results for 12 isolates of P. cinnamomi were positive, but negative for 50 isolates of 25 kinds of Phytophthora species, 13 isolates of 10 kinds of Phytopythium and Pythium species, 32 isolates of 26 kinds of fungi species, and 11 isolates of two kinds of Bursaphelenchus species. By detecting as little as 10 pg.µl−1 of genomic DNA from P. cinnamomi in a 50-µl reaction, the RPA-LFD assay was 100 times more sensitive than conventional PCR assays. By using RPA-LFD assay, P. cinnamomi was also detected on artificially inoculated fruit from Malus pumila, the leaves of Rhododendron pulchrum, the roots of sterile Lupinus polyphyllus, and the artificially inoculated soil. Results in this study indicated that this sensitive, specific, and rapid RPA-LFD assay has potentially significant applications to diagnosing P. cinnamomi, especially under time- and resource-limited conditions.
Giardia duodenalis enolase is secreted as monomer during trophozoite-epithelial cell interactions, activates plasminogen and induces necroptotic damage
Authors: Barroeta-Echegaray Elisa , Fonseca-Liñán Rocío , Argüello-García Raúl , Rodríguez-Muñoz Rafael , Bermúdez-Cruz Rosa María , Nava Porfirio , Ortega-Pierres M. Guadalupe
Published: August 2022

Enolase, a multifunctional protein expressed by multiple pathogens activates plasminogen to promote proteolysis on components of the extracellular matrix, an important event in early host-pathogen interactions. A secreted form of enolase that is released upon the interaction of trophozoites with epithelial cells has been detected in the secretome of G. duodenalis. However, the role of enolase in the host-pathogen interactions remains largely unknown. In this work, the effects of G. duodenalis enolase (Gd-eno) on the epithelial cell model (IEC-6) were analyzed. Firstly, the coding sequence of Giardia enolase was cloned and the recombinant protein used to raise antibodies that were then used to define the localization and role of enolase in epithelial cell-trophozoite interactions. Gd-eno was detected in small cytoplasmic vesicles as well as at the surface and is enriched in the region of the ventral disk of Giardia trophozoites. Moreover, the blocking of the soluble monomeric form of the enzyme, which is secreted upon interaction with IEC-6 cells by the anti-rGd-eno antibodies, significantly inhibited trophozoite attachment to intestinal IEC-6 cell monolayers. Further, rGd-eno was able to bind human plasminogen (HsPlg) and enhanced plasmin activity in vitro when the trophozoites were incubated with the intrinsic plasminogen activators of epithelial cells. In IEC-6 cells, rGd-eno treatment induced a profuse cell damage characterized by copious vacuolization, intercellular separation and detachment from the substrate; this effect was inhibited by either anti-Gd-eno Abs or the plasmin inhibitor ϵ- aminocaproic acid. Lastly, we established that in epithelial cells rGd-eno treatment induced a necroptotic-like process mediated by tumor necrosis factor α (TNF-α) and the apoptosis inducing factor (AIF), but independent of caspase-3. All together, these results suggest that Giardia enolase is a secreted moonlighting protein that stimulates a necroptotic-like process in IEC-6 epithelial cells via plasminogen activation along to TNFα and AIF activities and must be considered as a virulence factor.
Monomethylsulochrin isolated from biomass extract of Aspergillus sp. against Leishmania amazonensis: In vitro biological evaluation and molecular docking
Authors: Silva-Silva João Victor , Moreira Rosiane Fernandes , Watanabe Luciano Almeida , de Souza Celeste da Silva Freitas , Hardoim Daiana de Jesus , Taniwaki Noemi Nosomi , Bertho Alvaro Luiz , Teixeira Kerolain Faoro , Cenci Arthur Ribeiro , Doring Thiago Henrique , Júnior José Wilmo da Cruz , de Oliveira Aldo Sena , Marinho Patrícia Santana Barbosa , Calabrese Kátia da Silva , Marinho Andrey Moacir do Rosario , Almeida-Souza Fernando
Published: August 2022

Leishmaniasis represents a serious world health problem, with 1 billion people being exposed to infection and a broad spectrum of clinical manifestations with a potentially fatal outcome. Based on the limitations observed in the treatment of leishmaniasis, such as high cost, significant adverse effects, and the potential for drug resistance, the aim of the present study was to evaluate the leishmanicidal activity of the compounds pseurotin A and monomethylsulochrin isolated from the biomass extract of Aspergillus sp. The chromatographic profiles of the extract were determined by high-performance liquid chromatography coupled with a diode-array UV-Vis detector (HPLC-DAD-UV), and the molecular identification of the pseurotin A and monomethylsulochrin were carried out by electrospray ionization mass spectrometry in tandem (LC-ESI-MS-MS) and nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR). Antileishmanial activity was assayed against promastigote and intracellular amastigote of Leishmania amazonensis. As a control, cytotoxicity assays were performed in non-infected BALB/c peritoneal macrophages. Ultrastructural alterations in parasites were evaluated by transmission electron microscopy. Changes in mitochondrial membrane potential were determined by flow cytometry. Only monomethylsulochrin inhibited the promastigote growth (IC50 18.04 ± 1.11 µM), with cytotoxicity to peritoneal macrophages (CC50 5.09 91.63 ± 1.28 µM). Activity against intracellular amastigote forms (IC50 5.09 ± 1.06 µM) revealed an increase in antileishmanial activity when compared with promastigotes. In addition to a statistically significant reduction in the evaluated infection parameters, monomethylsulochrin altered the ultrastructure of the promastigote forms with atypical vacuoles, electron-dense corpuscles in the cytoplasm, changes at the mitochondria outer membrane and abnormal disposition around the kinetoplast. It was showed that monomethylsulochrin leads to a decrease in the mitochondrial membrane potential (25.9%, p = 0.0286). Molecular modeling studies revealed that monomethylsulochrin can act as inhibitor of sterol 14-alpha-demethylase (CYP51), a therapeutic target for human trypanosomiasis and leishmaniasis. Assessed for its drug likeness, monomethylsulochrin follows the Lipinski Rule of five and Ghose, Veber, Egan, and Muegge criteria. Furthermore, monomethylsulochrin can be used as a reference in the development of novel and therapeutically useful antileishmanial agents.
Benznidazole and amiodarone combined treatment attenuates cytoskeletal damage in Trypanosoma cruzi-infected cardiac cells
Authors: Barbosa Juliana Magalhães Chaves , Pedra-Rezende Yasmin , Pereira Luíza Dantas , de Melo Tatiana Galvão , Barbosa Helene Santos , Lannes-Vieira Joseli , de Castro Solange Lisboa , Daliry Anissa , Salomão Kelly
Published: August 2022

Chagas disease (CD), a neglected tropical disease caused by the protozoan parasite Trypanosoma cruzi, is an important public health problem mainly in Latin America, leading to approximately 12,000 annual deaths. Current etiological treatment for CD is limited to two nitro compounds, benznidazole (Bz) and nifurtimox (Nif), both presenting relevant limitations. Different approaches have been employed to establish more effective and safer schemes to treat T. cruzi infection, mostly based on drug repurposing and combination therapies. Amiodarone (AMD), an antiarrhythmic medicament of choice for patients with the chronic cardiac form of CD, is also recognized as a trypanocidal agent. Therefore, our aim is to investigate the combined treatment Bz + AMD on trypomastigote viability, control of T. cruzi intracellular form proliferation, and recovery of the infection-induced cytoskeleton alterations in cardiac cells. The combination of Bz + AMD did not improve the direct trypanocidal effect of AMD on the infective blood trypomastigote and replicative intracellular forms of the parasite. Otherwise, the treatment of T. cruzi-infected cardiac cells with Bz plus AMD attenuated the infection-triggered cytoskeleton damage of host cells and the cytotoxic effects of AMD. Thus, the combined treatment Bz + AMD may favor parasite control and hamper tissue damage.
Inflammatory bowel disease-associated Escherichia coli strain LF82 in the damage of gut and cognition of honeybees
Authors: Chang Ruqi , Chen Jieteng , Zhong Zhaopeng , Li Yiyuan , Wu Kaichun , Zheng Hao , Yang Yunsheng
Published: August 2022

Patients with inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) are often accompanied with some cognitive impairment, but the mechanism is unclear. By orally exposing honeybees (Apis mellifera) to IBD-associated Escherichia coli LF82 (LF82), and non-pathogenic Escherichia coli MG1655 (MG1655) as the normal strain, we investigated whether and how LF82 induces enteritis-like manifestations and cognitive behavioral modifications in honeybees using multiparametric analysis. LF82 significantly increased gut permeability, impaired learning and memory ability in olfactory proboscis extension response conditioning, and shortened the lifespan of honeybees. Compared to MG1655, LF82 reduced the levels of tryptophan metabolism pathway substances in the honeybee gut. LF82 also upregulated genes involved in immune and apoptosis-related pathways and downregulated genes involved in G protein-coupled receptors in the honeybee brain. In conclusion, LF82 can induce enteritis-like manifestations and cognition impairment through gut metabolites and brain transcriptome alteration in honeybees. Honeybees can serve as a novel potential model to study the microbiota-gut-brain interaction in IBD condition.
Single-cell RNA profiling of Plasmodium vivax-infected hepatocytes reveals parasite- and host- specific transcriptomic signatures and therapeutic targets
Authors: Ruberto Anthony A. , Maher Steven P. , Vantaux Amélie , Joyner Chester J. , Bourke Caitlin , Balan Balu , Jex Aaron , Mueller Ivo , Witkowski Benoit , Kyle Dennis E.
Published: August 2022

The resilience of Plasmodium vivax, the most widely-distributed malaria-causing parasite in humans, is attributed to its ability to produce dormant liver forms known as hypnozoites, which can activate weeks, months, or even years after an initial mosquito bite. The factors underlying hypnozoite formation and activation are poorly understood, as is the parasite’s influence on the host hepatocyte. Here, we shed light on transcriptome-wide signatures of both the parasite and the infected host cell by sequencing over 1,000 P. vivax-infected hepatocytes at single-cell resolution. We distinguish between replicating schizonts and hypnozoites at the transcriptional level, identifying key differences in transcripts encoding for RNA-binding proteins associated with cell fate. In infected hepatocytes, we show that genes associated with energy metabolism and antioxidant stress response are upregulated, and those involved in the host immune response downregulated, suggesting both schizonts and hypnozoites alter the host intracellular environment. The transcriptional markers in schizonts, hypnozoites, and infected hepatocytes revealed here pinpoint potential factors underlying dormancy and can inform therapeutic targets against P. vivax liver-stage infection.
Predictability of sea surface temperature anomalies at the eastern pole of the Indian Ocean Dipole—using a convolutional neural network model
Authors: Feng Ming , Boschetti Fabio , Ling Fenghua , Zhang Xuebin , Hartog Jason R. , Akhtar Mahmood , Shi Li , Gardner Brint , Luo Jing-Jia , Hobday Alistair J.
Published: August 2022

In this study, we train a convolutional neural network (CNN) model using a selection of Coupled Model Intercomparison Project (CMIP) phase 5 and 6 models to investigate the predictability of the sea surface temperature (SST) variability off the Sumatra-Java coast in the tropical southeast Indian Ocean, the eastern pole of the Indian Ocean Dipole (IOD). Results show that the CNN model can beat the persistence of the interannual SST variability, such that the eastern IOD (EIOD) SST variability can be forecast up to 6 months in advance. Visualizing the CNN model using a gradient weighted class activation map shows that the strong positive IOD events (cold EIOD SST anomalies) can stem from different processes: internal Indian Ocean dynamics were associated with the 1994 positive IOD, teleconnection from the equatorial Pacific was important in 1997, and cooling off the Australian coast in the southeast Indian Ocean contributed to the 2019 positive IOD. The CNN model overcomes the winter prediction barrier of the IOD, to a large extent due to the frequent transition from a warm state of the Indian Ocean to a negative IOD condition (warm EIOD SST anomalies) over the boreal winter to the following spring period. The forecasting skills of the CNN model are on par with predictions from a coupled seasonal forecasting model (ACCESS-S2), even outperforming this dynamic model in seasons leading to the IOD peaks. The ability of the CNN model to identify key dynamic drivers of the EIOD SST variability suggests that the CMIP models can capture the internal Indian Ocean variability and its teleconnection with the Pacific climate variability.
Automatic generation and updating of process industrial digital twins for estimation and control - A review
Authors: Birk Wolfgang , Hostettler Roland , Razi Maryam , Atta Khalid , Tammia Rasmus
Published: August 2022

This review aims at assessing the opportunities and challenges of creating and using digital twins for process industrial systems over their life-cycle in the context of estimation and control. The scope is, therefore, to provide a survey on mechanisms to generate models for process industrial systems using machine learning (purely data-driven) and automated equation-based modeling. In particular, we consider learning, validation, and updating of large-scale (i.e., plant-wide or plant-stage but not component-wide) equation-based process models. These aspects are discussed in relation to typical application cases for the digital twins creating value for users both on the operational and planning level for process industrial systems. These application cases are also connected to the needed technologies and the maturity of those as given by the state of the art. Combining all aspects, a way forward to enable the automatic generation and updating of digital twins is proposed, outlining the required research and development activities. The paper is the outcome of the research project AutoTwin-PRE funded by Strategic Innovation Program PiiA within the Swedish Innovation Agency VINNOVA and the academic version of an industry report prior published by PiiA.