bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Gains in soil carbon storage under anthropogenic nitrogen deposition are rapidly lost following its cessation
Authors: Propson Brooke E. , Zak Donald R. , Classen Aimée T. , Burton Andrew J. , Freedman Zachary B.
Published: October 2024

In the Northern Hemisphere, anthropogenic nitrogen (N) deposition contributed to the enhancement of the global terrestrial carbon (C) sink, partially offsetting CO2 emissions. Across several long‐term field experiments, this ecosystem‐level response was determined to be driven, in part, by the suppression of microbial activity associated with the breakdown of soil organic matter. However, since the implementation of emission abatement policies in the 1970s, atmospheric N deposition has declined globally, and the consequences of this decline are unknown. Here, we assessed the response of soil C storage and associated microbial activities, in a long‐term field study that experimentally increased N deposition for 24 years. We measured soil C and N, microbial activity, and compared effect sizes of soil C in response to, and in recovery from, the N deposition treatment across the history of our experiment (1994–2022). Our results demonstrate that the accumulated C in the organic horizon has been lost and exhibits additional deficits 5 years post‐termination of the N deposition treatment. These findings, in part, arise from mechanistic changes in microbial activity. Soil C in the mineral soil was less responsive thus far in recovery. If these organic horizon C dynamics are similar in other temperate forests, the Northern Hemisphere C sink will be reduced and climate warming will be enhanced.
Cardio‐Metabolic Risk Profile of Women With Endometriosis: A Population‐Based Study
Authors: Saei Ghare Naz Marzieh , Noroozzadeh Mahsa , Ardebili Shahla Noori , Mousavi Maryam , Azizi Fereidoun , Ramezani Tehrani Fahimeh
Published: October 2024

Aims

Endometriosis (EM) and metabolic disorders are frequent health problems among reproductive‐aged women worldwide. Cardio‐metabolic risk profile of women with EM is not well understood. We aimed to investigate the cardio‐metabolic risk profile of Iranian reproductive‐aged women with EM.

Methods

This study included 976 female participants aged 20–45 years of Tehran Lipid and Glucose Study. Endometriosis was diagnosed based on the participants' self‐reported previous diagnosis of EM, which was confirmed by reviewing the relevant medical documentation. All biochemical measures (low‐density lipoprotein cholesterol [LDL], high‐density lipoprotein cholesterol [HDL], triglycerides [TG], and fasting blood glucose concentrations [FBG]) and measurement of systolic blood pressure (SBP) and diastolic blood pressure (DBP) and anthropometric parameters were performed according to the standard protocol of TLGS. Logistic regression analysis was performed to estimate the odds ratio of cardio‐metabolic disease.

Results

Of the 976 study participants, 161 individuals (16.5%) had a confirmed diagnosis of endometriosis. There were no significant differences in the median of metabolic parameters among women with and without endometriosis (p > 0.05). The prevalence of metabolic syndrome was significantly higher in women with EM group compared to the non‐EM group (21.9% vs. 14.9%). The presence of endometriosis was associated with an increased odds of metabolic syndrome (adjusted odds ratio 1.99 [95% CI 1.20–3.30]; p = 0.007). And endometriosis significantly increased odds of low HDL by 2.07 (1.02–4.20); after adjustment, it still remained significant (p = 0.03). Endometriosis also increased odds of high waist circumstance significantly (1.58 [1.06–2.37]; p = 0.02).

Conclusions

Women with endometriosis may be at an increased risk of developing metabolic syndrome, high waist circumstance and low HDL compared to their counterparts without the condition. Given the potential cardio‐metabolic implications, healthcare providers should consider assessing the metabolic profile of women diagnosed with endometriosis.
When Our History Meets Their History: Strategies Young People in Serbia Use to Coordinate Conflicting Group Narratives
Authors: Ivanović Jovan , Stanković Biljana , Žeželj Iris
Published: October 2024

When a multiethnic state, such as the former Yugoslavia, dissolves in a violent ethnic‐based conflict, new generations grow up on one‐sided historical narratives. While there is plenty of evidence of how appropriating such narratives delegitimises outgroups, studies on how young people coordinate diverse group narratives are lacking. To address this issue, we explored promotive strategies young majority group members use in building a more inclusive historical understanding of two conflicting (majority and minority) narratives. The sample consisted of ten pairs of ethnic Serb high school seniors with a task to jointly build one common narrative of two one‐sided narratives adapted from post‐conflict textbooks of majority (Serb) and minority (Bosniak) ethnic groups. We used step‐by‐step dialogical analysis of semantic promoters in participants' interactions to capture how ingroup and outgroup perspectives are collaboratively positioned. Our results suggest that participants use various cognitive, affective, identity and value‐based strategies to coordinate conflicting perspectives. The identified promotive strategies can help in developing evidence‐based educational materials and teaching environments, especially in post‐conflict and divided societies.
Enzymatic and Enzyme‐Free Electrochemical Lactate Sensors: A Review of the Recent Developments
Authors: Saputra Heru Agung , Karim Md Mobarok
Published: October 2024

Lactate is a useful analytical indicator in various fields. The lactate monitoring benefits from evaluating the body's condition, as excessive muscle use or fatigue can result in injury. Further, it is useful for alerting to emergencies like haemorrhage, hypoxia, respiratory distress, and sepsis. Additionally, the determination of the food's lactate level is very important in examining freshness, storage stability, and fermentation degree. Given such benefits, the determination of lactate in various samples has been widely explored, especially using electrochemical sensor technology. Despite enzymatic sensors being the focus of numerous studies, enzyme‐free platforms have gained focus over the last few years to address the matter of enzyme stability. This review article respectfully offers an overview of the concepts, applications, and recent advances of electrochemical lactate detection platforms. A comparison of hot research for enzymatic and enzyme‐free lactate sensors in terms of electrode surface engineering, enzymes and their immobilisation matrices, and several analytical parameters, including linear dynamic range, the limit of detection, sensitivity, and stability, have been discussed. In addition, future perspectives have been highlighted in this review.
Mechanical Microvibration Device Enhancing Immunohistochemistry Efficiency
Authors: Zhang Weifeng , Li Jirui , Xie Fengshan , Zeng Liting , Hong Liangli , Li Penghao , Yan Xiaomiao , Xu Jingliang , Du Meina , Hong Jiongzhi , Yi Dingrong , Xie Jiahao , Gu Jiang
Published: October 2024

Immunohistochemistry (IHC) is a widely used technique in diagnostic pathology and biomedical research, but there is still a need to shorten the operation process and reduce the cost of antibodies. This study aims to assess a novel IHC technique that incorporates mechanical microvibration (MMV) to expedite the process, reduce antibody consumption, and enhance staining quality. MMV was generated using coin vibration motors attached to glass slides mounted with consecutive tissue sections. Multiple antibodies targeting various antigens were used to stain cancerous and normal tissues, with and without microvibration. Various parameters were tested, including incubation durations, temperatures, and antibody dilutions. The novel method showed the potential to achieve comparable or superior outcomes in significantly less time, utilizing over 10 times less antibody than controls. MMV improved specific staining quality, yielding stronger, and better‐defined positive reactions. This was validated through a multicenter double‐blind assessment and quantitative image analysis. The possible mechanisms were also investigated. MMV shortens immunohistochemical staining duration, reduces antibody usage, and enhances staining specificity, likely by accelerating antibody movement and diffusion. These improvements translate to time and cost savings, offering clinical and financial value for diagnostic pathology and biomedical research.
Electrochemical recycling of lithium‐ion batteries: Advancements and future directions
Authors: Arnold Stefanie , Ruthes Jean G. A. , Kim Choonsoo , Presser Volker
Published: October 2024

Lithium‐ion batteries (LIBs) are at the forefront of technological innovation in the current global energy‐transition paradigm, driving surging demand for electric vehicles and renewable energy‐storage solutions. Despite their widespread use and superior energy densities, the environmental footprint and resource scarcity associated with LIBs necessitate sustainable recycling strategies. This comprehensive review critically examines the existing landscape of battery recycling methodologies, including pyrometallurgical, hydrometallurgical, and direct recycling techniques, along with emerging approaches such as bioleaching and electrochemical separation. Our analysis not only underscores the environmental and efficiency challenges posed by conventional recycling methods but also highlights the promising potential of electrochemical techniques for enhancing selectivity, reducing energy consumption, and mitigating secondary waste production. By delving into recent advancements and juxtaposing various recycling methodologies, we pinpoint electrochemical recycling as a pivotal technology for efficiently recovering valuable metals, such as Li, Ni, Co, and Mn, from spent LIBs in an environmentally benign manner. Our discussion extends to the scalability, economic viability, and future directions of electrochemical recycling, and advocates for their integration into global battery‐recycling infrastructure to address the dual challenges of resource depletion and environmental sustainability.

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Antigone or the Right to Kill: Making Noise As Resistance
Authors: Papachristou Dana
Published: October 2024

This article delves into the relation between the terms social dissonance, necropolitics and Sophocles' tragedy, Antigone. By attempting an interdisciplinary analysis and by bringing together elements of sound studies, political theory and classical literature, I will explore the contemporary dynamics between social dissonance, necropolitics and resistance. The key point is that beyond contemporary contexts or rather recent modernity, resistance to the authoritarian volition can be understood metaphorically as noise within a context of a wider social dissonance arrangement. While examining Antigone's defiance in the face of oppressive power, we are reminded of the individuals striving for justice and autonomy in the face of oppressive systems, as resistance to generalized capitalism prevailing positivity and appropriation. By juxtaposing the sociopolitical context in which Sophocles wrote Antigone and various manifestations of necropolitics in our times, this article explores the relevance of the play in today's ubiquitous surveillance and subjugation. Moreover, it emphasises the significance of the term 'social dissonance', as proposed by Mattin, in understanding the responses towards power struggles and forms of resistance. The collision of these concepts occurs, here, in their shared focus on power dynamics and resistance against oppressive systems: it explores the ways in which power operates, so as to control and manipulate individuals and communities, creating conditions of voluntary servitude and subjugation. As this analysis emphasises the potential for resistance, these terms can serve as a framework to challenge dominant narratives. When examining the intersection of necropolitics and social dissonance, we can explore how the exercise of necropolitical strategies leads to oppression by silencing dissent, suppressing alternative narratives and perpetuating oppressive structures. Silence is metaphorically seen here as a system of perpetuating power, subordinating resistance and ultimately, incorporating noise into the capitalist narrative. The clash between the dominant necropolitical regime and the underlying resistance exposes the tension and contradictions within society, laying the foundation for social movements.
Collocation Finite Element Method for the Fractional Fokker–Planck Equation
Authors: Karabenli Hatice , Esen Alaattin , Uçar Yusuf
Published: October 2024

In this study, the approximate results of the fractional Fokker–Planck equations have been investigated. First, finite element schemes have been obtained using collocation finite element method based on the trigonometric quintic B‐spline basis functions. Then, the present method is tested on two fundamental problems having appropriate initial conditions. The newly obtained numerical results contained the error norms and for various temporal and spatial steps are compared with the exact ones and other solutions. More accurate results have been obtained for large numbers of spatial and temporal elements.
Can Enzymatic Modified Pectin in Mediterranean Fruits Be Therapeutic Against Stomach Cancer?
Authors: Üstün Selime , Kizil Hamit Emre , Dertli Enes
Published: October 2024

The aim of this study was to evaluate the cytotoxic effects of enzymatically modified pectin products derived from grapefruit, jujube, and kumquat on the MKN‐45 gastric cancer cell line in vitro. FTIR analysis revealed that the spectra of the pectins produced were comparable to those of commercial pectin and included the characteristic peaks identified in the literature. The galacturonic acid content was measured as 612 mg/g in grapefruit pectin, 544 mg/g in jujube pectin, and 704 mg/g in kumquat pectin. DSC analysis indicated that all pectin samples and their modifications exhibited one endothermic peak and one exothermic peak. Cytotoxicity assessments revealed that the enzymatically modified grapefruit pectin demonstrated significant cytotoxic effects across all tested concentrations, with 0.075 mg/mL being the most effective. For kumquat pectin, all tested concentrations showed cytotoxic properties, with 0.3, 0.15, and 0.075 mg/mL being the most effective. In the case of jujube pectin, cytotoxic effects were observed at all concentrations except for 1.2 mg/mL.
Magnesite hosted by the Neoarchean ultramafic rocks in Attappadi, southern India: Insights from spectral and stable isotope investigation
Authors: Haritha A , Kakkassery Asif Iqbal , Rajesh V. J. , Kumar Sanjeev , Khedr Mohamed Zaki
Published: October 2024

Magnesite is an economically important mineral commonly found in ultramafic complexes worldwide, primarily in Archean to Proterozoic ultramafic complexes. This study focuses on the chemical and spectral characterization of magnesite found in the Neoarchean ultramafic rocks in the Attappadi region in the Southern Granulite Terrane of southern India. The research utilizes x‐ray diffraction analysis, hyperspectral, laser Raman, Fourier Transform Infrared, and Isotope Ratio Mass Spectrometry. The studied ultramafic rocks are part of a well‐exposed ophiolitic suite known as the Agali ophiolitic complex. Magnesite primarily occurs as veins, veinlets, and lenses within weathered ultramafic rocks. The hyperspectral analysis of the magnesite samples shows absorption bands in the shortwave infrared region, particularly around 2.3 and 2.5 μm, which correspond to the stretching and bending of the CO bond in the (CO3)2− ion in MgCO3. The laser Raman spectra show intensity peaks at 1095, 738, and 330 cm−1, which may be attributed to the translational and librational vibrations. The Fourier transform infrared data reveal transmittance at 1434, 880, and 747 cm−1, corresponding to MgO bond stretching and asymmetrical CO stretching. The x‐ray powder diffraction spectra exhibit diffraction peaks at 32°, 35°, 42°, 46° and 53°, characteristic of pure magnesite. The spectroscopic parameters derived from various analyses indicate that the magnesite is high quality and free from gangue minerals. Stable isotope analysis of the magnesite samples yielded δ13C values ranging from −5‰ to −9‰ and δ18O values in the range of 21‰–25‰. The estimated water temperature from which the magnesite has been precipitated is ~59 ± 3.9°C. Based on the field relations, mode of occurrence and isotopic signatures, the mineralization is considered to have been formed by the low‐temperature alteration of ultramafic rocks facilitated by CO2‐rich fluids in the near‐surface environment. This study compares the characteristics of magnesite from the study area with a few Neoproterozoic serpentinite‐hosted magnesite veins in the ophiolitic sequence of the Egyptian Eastern Desert, which is part of the Arabian Nubian shield. The research aims to contribute to understanding magnesite formation in Archaean to Proterozoic mafic–ultramafic rocks on the Earth's crust. It also provides insights into the geological processes that govern the genesis of ultramafic‐hosted magnesite globally, particularly in East Gondwana fragments. This information can enhance mineral exploration and resource evaluation in these regions, helping to identify economic prospects and assess the feasibility of magnesite resource extraction and utilization in East Gondwana fragments.
Additional Cover
Authors: Miller Alexis , Wang Vickie , Jegede Victor , Necker Fabian , Curry Joseph , Baik Fred M. , Verma Avanti , Holsinger F. Christopher , Tuluc Madalina , Rahman Mobeen , Lewis James S. , Rosenthal Eben , Topf Michael C.
Published: October 2024

Additional Cover: The cover image is based on the article How far are we off? Analyzing the accuracy of surgical margin relocation in the head and neck by Alexis Miller BS et al., https://doi.org/10.1002/hed.27793.

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Substance discrimination imaging derived from switchable soft and hard x‐ray sensing in direct x‐ray detector
Authors: Zhao Jingda , Wang Xin , Li Yuwei , Cheng Qi , Onwudiwe Damian Chinedu , Bae Byung Seong , Ertuğrul Mehmet , Zhu Ying , Lei Wei , Xu Xiaobao
Published: October 2024

Substance discrimination beyond the shape feature is urgently desired for x‐ray imaging for enhancing target identification. With two x‐ray sources or stacked two detectors, the two‐energy‐channel x‐ray detection can discriminate substance density by normalizing the target thickness. Nevertheless, the artifacts, high radiation dose and difficulty in image alignment due to two sources or two detectors impede their widespread application. In this work, we report a single direct x‐ray detector with MAPbI3/MAPbBr3 heterojunction for switchable soft x‐ray (<20 keV) and hard x‐ray (>20 keV) detection under one x‐ray source. Systematic characterizations confirm soft and hard x‐ray deposit their energy in MAPbI3 and MAPbBr3 layer, respectively, while working voltages can control the collection of generated charge carriers in each layer for selective soft/hard x‐ray detection. The switching rate between soft and hard x‐ray detection mode reaches 100 Hz. Moreover, the detector possesses a moderate performance with ~50 nGy s−1 in limit‐of‐detection, ~8000 μC Gy−1 cm−2 in sensitivity and ~7 lp/mm in imaging resolution. By defining the attenuation coefficient ratio (𝜇L/𝜇H) as substance label, we effectively mitigate the influence of target thickness and successfully discriminate substances in the acquired x‐ray images.

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Participatory mapping of ecosystem services of coastal wetlands in Taiwan
Authors: Wang Hsiao‐Wen , Dodd Adrienne
Published: October 2024

There is a lack of knowledge and understanding about what ecosystem services are and how to utilize them in a sustainable way. Ecosystem services are thus often underrecognized by the decision makers in charge of creating wetland management plans. Due to this, ecosystem services, which have been used by communities for a long time, are often left out of wetland's wise‐use plans. Inclusion of local communities and promotion of local knowledge are vital aspects of creating sustainable, equitable and resilient wetland management plans that are truly ‘wise’. In this research, we utilize participatory mapping methods to engage communities and create a database of the ecosystem services being used in Chigu Salt Pan Wetland and Chigu Lagoon, located along the coast of Southwestern Taiwan. We look at who are using the ecosystem services, to what degree they are being used and where exactly in the wetland system they are being extracted/utilized. This will pave the way for future researchers to better understand the value of Chigu Salt Pan Wetland and the ecosystem services they provide and promote the use of participatory methods in other locations.
Novel Diagnostic Approach for Acute Pharyngitis: Combining Machine Learning With Thermal Imaging
Authors: Hoffer Oshrit , Cohen Moriya , Gerstein Maya , Shkalim Zemer Vered , Reichenberg Yael , Bykhovsky Dima , Hoshen Moshe , Cohen Herman Avner
Published: October 2024

We evaluated the effect of infrared thermography (IRT) on the clinical assessment of bacterial and viral pharyngitis and its impact on the predictive value of the McIsaac score algorithm for streptococcal pharyngitis in children. We also investigated if IRT could distinguish between bacterial and viral pharyngitis. The study included children aged 2–17 years presenting with sore throat and fever over 38°C from November 1, 2021, to April 30, 2022. Of the 76 assessed children, 16 were excluded due to missing data or technical issues, leaving 60 children (32 males, 28 females) divided into three groups: Group A with streptococcal pharyngitis (N = 30), viral pharyngitis (N = 16), and healthy controls (N = 14). McIsaac score and IRT imaging showed a 90% positive predictive value for streptococcal pharyngitis. While IRT alone could not distinguish between bacterial and viral infections, it significantly increased the predictive value when combined with the McIsaac score.
Raman Microspectroscopy of Hair: Low‐Frequency Markers of Protein Secondary Structure
Authors: Travkina E. I. , Chikishev A. Yu. , Brandt N. N.
Published: October 2024

Low‐frequency intervals that can be used to study the secondary structure of proteins are determined. Compared are Raman spectra of keratins from unpigmented human hair, measured in two experimental configurations: with excitation radiation coaxial with the hair and perpendicular to it. Based on the polarization sensitivity, the bands peaked at 150 and 221 cm−1 are assigned to vibrations of α‐helical structures. The comparison of Raman spectra of hair fragments with different contents of secondary structure elements shows that the vibrations of β‐structure are manifested in a spectral interval of 270–340 cm−1. The results obtained for a particular object (hair keratin) can be used in the study of the secondary structure of proteins.
Veterans’ perceptions of counseling for posttraumatic stress disorder: A focus on Black men
Authors: Kirby Larence
Published: October 2024

The purpose of this conceptual article is to explore the perceptions of Black male veterans regarding counseling for posttraumatic stress disorder. This will build upon previous research about this population by referencing the invisibility syndrome theory. A case illustration will integrate the theory with a composite of Black veterans who suffer from posttraumatic stress disorder. Implications and limitations for working with veteran Black men will be proposed.
Endomysial antibodies or anti‐tissue transglutaminase type 2 IgA antibodies as a confirmatory test in children with celiac disease
Authors: Ben‐Tov Amir , Achler Tomer , Fayngor Rochelle , Shamir Raanan , Supino Lia , Weintraub Yael , Yerushalmy‐Feler Anat , Cohen Shlomi
Published: October 2024

The no‐biopsy approach to diagnose celiac disease (CD), introduced in the 2012 European Society for Gastroenterology and Hepatology and Nutrition guidelines, requires an anti‐endomysial antibody (EMA) confirmatory serology test following a high‐positive immunoglobulin A anti‐tissue transglutaminase‐2 (anti‐TG2) antibody ≥10 times the upper limit of normal (ULN). The aim of this retrospective study is to compare EMA positivity and high‐positive anti‐TG2 in patients who had their confirmatory test within 2 months of their first high‐positive anti‐TG2 test. Among 933 patients who had high‐positive anti‐TG2 serology more than 10 times the ULN in their first sample, all had both high‐positive anti‐TG2 and positive EMA, most of them with very high EMA titers (99.6%) in their confirmatory test. In conclusion, we suggest that a repeated anti‐TG2 test can replace the EMA test as the confirmatory serology test for the confirmation of the diagnosis of CD in the no‐biopsy approach.
Multi‐omics analysis of chemical composition variation among different muscle types in Hu lamb
Authors: Zhang Xueying , Wang Zhongyu , Liu Chongyang , Li Wenqiao , Yuan Zehu , Li Fadi , Yue Xiangpeng
Published: October 2024

BACKGROUND

Consumers' preferences for lamb meat vary greatly depending on the specific cut. Variations in the chemical composition across different muscle types play a crucial role in determining meat quality, particularly with regard to flavor. Therefore, it is essential to study the variations in chemical composition among different muscle types in lamb, as well as the mechanisms behind their formation, aiming to understand the flavor variation across the muscle types.

RESULTS

Flank muscles showed significantly higher intramuscular fat content and muscle fiber diameter compared to triceps brachii and biceps femoris (BF), at the same time as displaying a significantly lower percentage of type I muscle fibers. Forty‐three differentially abundant volatile compounds (DAVC) were identified across five muscles, with the majority of DAVCs being more abundant in the BF. In total, 161 differentially abundant lipids were identified across five muscles, with triglycerides (TG), phosphatidylcholines (PC), phosphatidyl ethanolamines (PE) and phosphatidylmethanol (PMeOH) showing a strong correlation with DAVCs. A lipid‐gene regulatory network was established, encompassing 664 lipids and 11 107 genes, leading to the identification of pathways and genes that regulate the metabolism of PEs, PMeOH, PCs and TGs.

CONCLUSION

The present study showed the significant variation in flavor compounds among the five edible muscles, as well as the potential reasons for their formation. The results potentially provide a theoretical foundation for improving the meat quality of lamb. © 2024 Society of Chemical Industry.
Touristic Learning Behaviors and Outcomes in Theme Parks: The Role of Activity and Affectional Contexts
Authors: Zhao Ying , Liu Fangyu , Wang Jiaming , Zhang Yu
Published: October 2024

Existing studies have highlighted the significance of touristic learning; however, few have explored the effectiveness of different learning contexts. This study employs a combination of spatial–temporal behavior analysis and survey research to investigate how activity context (static vs. interactive) and affectional context (positive vs. negative) influence visitors' spatial–temporal behaviors and learning outcomes in zoological theme parks. The results indicated that interactive contexts are more effective than static contexts in extending visitors' duration of stay, increasing the diversity of venues explored, and enhancing both emotion and learning outcomes of visitors. The moderating effect of affectional context is significant, with the positive context notably enhancing emotion and learning outcomes of visitors associated with the interactive context. Additionally, visitors' emotion played a mediating role in the relationship between activity contexts and learning outcomes. These empirical findings offer valuable practical implications for the design of educational experiences within theme parks.
Informal Institution and Tourism Development: Insights From Confucian Culture
Authors: Wei Min , Yang Qiaoning , Peng Qian , Li Rui
Published: October 2024

As the cornerstone of traditional Chinese culture, Confucian culture significantly shapes personal values and behaviours. This study investigates the impact of Confucian culture on tourism development, from a supply‐side perspective, using a sample of 269 Chinese cities between 2013 and 2019. The baseline results, validated through endogeneity tests and robustness checks, consistently indicate a positive correlation between Confucian culture and regional tourism growth. Utilising a chained multiple mediation model, the study delineates the primary mechanisms, showing that Confucianism bolsters tourism innovation by elevating labour quality and capital investment, thus propelling tourism development. Furthermore, the heterogeneity analysis demonstrates the synergistic effect of Confucian culture with formal institutions in advancing tourism. However, the positive effects of Confucian culture on tourism are attenuated by the effects of other cultures. These findings significantly contribute to the literature and offer valuable managerial implications.
Control Strategies of Visually Impaired Travelers
Authors: Wan Yim King Penny , Kong Weng Hang , Sou Joey Pek‐U
Published: October 2024

This exploratory study evaluated visually impaired travelers' (VITs) psychological adaptations by identifying the travel constraints they anticipated before the trips and encountered when they arrived at the destinations, and the control strategies they employed to negotiate the constraints at the two travel stages. Semi‐structured qualitative face‐to‐face interviews with 18 VITs and their caregivers were conducted. The findings demonstrated that participants were challenged with structural and intrapersonal constraints in these two travel stages and various control strategies were implemented. Selective primary control and compensatory primary control strategies were used to cope with constraints under the VITs' control by changing the external environment, whereas selective secondary control and compensatory secondary control strategies were used to cope with constraints beyond their control by altering one's inner world. This study comprehends how VITs psychologically adapt to the travel constraints they anticipate before and encounter during their trips. Practical implications were provided.
Comparison of Two‐Dimensional Shear Wave Elastography Between Two Different Instruments for Hepatocellular Carcinoma Patients
Authors: Huang Jiayao , Zhang Xiaoer , Su Liya , Liu Ming , Xu Ming , Zhuang Bowen , Liu Baoxian , Huang Tongyi , Hu Hangtong , Xie Xiaohua , Xie Xiaoyan , Lin Manxia
Published: October 2024

Objectives

This study aimed to investigate and compare 2‐dimensional shear wave elastography (2D‐SWE) measurements and influencing factors among 2 different devices and to evaluate the ability and influencing factors of these measurements to assess liver fibrosis.

Methods

From October 2022 to September 2023, 290 hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) patients and 30 healthy volunteers were prospectively included. The 2D‐SWE measurements were performed using AixPlorer V (SEmean) and APLIO i900 (CEmean). This study compared 2D‐SWE measurements between instruments for evaluating the liver fibrosis stage and analyzed the potential influencing factors.

Results

The 2D‐SWE measurements obtained by the 2 instruments were significantly different (P < .001), but the differences were significant only for patients with stage F4 liver fibrosis (P < .001) and not for volunteers or patients with stage F0–F3 liver fibrosis (all P > .050). Multivariate linear regression analysis revealed that the factors independently influencing the SEmean were alanine aminotransferase (ALT) (P = .034) and liver fibrosis stage (P < .001), while fibrosis stage (P = .028) was the only factor influencing the CEmean.

Conclusions

Although 2D‐SWE from the 2 different instruments was capable of detecting liver fibrosis, it yielded varying results in HCC patients. These discrepancies were predominantly observed in patients with F4 liver fibrosis but not in healthy adults or patients with F0–F3 liver fibrosis. One potential contributing factor to the differences between instruments could be ALT levels.
Chosen Plaintext Attack on Single Pixel Imaging Encryption via Neural Differential Cryptanalysis
Authors: Zeng Hongran , Zhang Chongyang , Li Xiaowei , Liu Shouxin , Guo Junfeng , Xing Yan , Kim Seok‐Tae , Li Dahai , Liu Yiguang
Published: October 2024

Single pixel imaging (SPI) shows great potential in encryption by its indirect imaging mechanism. However, there appears to be room for further exploration in the corresponding cryptanalysis. Current studies primarily rely on straightforward end‐to‐end cryptanalysis of plain‐ciphertext pairs, ignoring the fundamental SPI optical path. As a result, the effectiveness of most attacks depends on the training data and the design of network, triggering low certainty and confidence. In this study, an alternative model is proposed to attack multiple SPI encrypting methods based on chosen plaintext attack framework, where arbitrary plaintexts can be encrypted as ciphertexts for cryptanalysis. In terms of the basic SPI setup, it is found that no matter how complicated the patterns are encrypted, the linear relationship between encrypted patterns and intensity always maintain. Thus, specifically, the ciphertext is first differentialized to derive encrypted patterns. By further reconstructing the pixel correlation of these derived patterns, deep learning is employed to correct them. Ultimately, the cracked patterns are used to decrypt plaintexts by conventional correlation. The experiments demonstrate that this method possesses a certain degree of reusability in the SPI encryption with linear propagating characteristic, like pattern‐encrypting class, demonstrating potential for the indirect optical encryption.
Cationic Carbosilane Dendrimers for Apmnkq2 Aptamer Transfection in Breast Cancer: An Alternative to Traditional Transfectants.
Authors: Madrid Laura , Pinto‐Díez Celia , Muñoz‐Moreno Laura , García‐Hernández Marta , González Víctor M. , Mata Javier de la , Martin M. Elena , Ortega Paula
Published: October 2024

Transfection efficiency is a critical parameter in gene therapy and molecular biology, representing the success rate at which nucleic acids are introduced and expressed in target cells. The combination of aptamers with nanotechnology‐based delivery systems has demonstrated remarkable improvements in the transfection efficiency of therapeutic agents and holds significant potential for advancing gene therapy and the development of targeted treatments for various diseases, including cancer. In this work, cationic carbosilane dendritic systems are presented as an alternative to commercial transfection agents, demonstrating an increase in transfection efficiency when used for the internalization of apMNKQ2, an aptamer selected against a target in cancer. Their potential therapeutic use has been evaluated in breast cancer cell lines, MDA‐MB‐468 and MDA‐MB‐231, studying the cytotoxicity of the nanoconjugate, the internalization process, and its effect on cellular migration processes.
Multiple‐Layer Chitosan‐Based Patches Medicated With LTX‐109 Antimicrobial Peptide for Modulated Local Therapy in the Management of Chronic Wounds
Authors: Bernardoni Sara , Ferrazzano Lucia , Palladino Chiara , Artusi Chiara , Bonvicini Francesca , Campodoni Elisabetta , Gentilomi Giovanna Angela , Tolomelli Alessandra , Sandri Monica
Published: October 2024

In response to the critical issue of chronic wound management, this research explores the development of a multiple‐layer biomaterial loaded with LTX‐109 a novel broad‐spectrum topical antimicrobial peptide currently investigated for the treatment of bacterial skin infections. The novel patch is conceived to load and preserve the function of LTX‐109, release it on site in a progressive manner, and therefore make available a device for simultaneous wounds disinfection and tissues healing. Chitosan, tannic acid and glycerol along with the solvent casting process are selected for the development of a multilayer structure in which each single layer is designed by choosing a specific composition and stability to tune its behavior and function. On the top, a protective layer to protect the wound from external contaminations, in the middle a medicated layer loaded with LTX‐109 and at the bottom a multifunctional layer to modulate the release of LTX‐109. Extensive characterizations show that the patch meets the essential requirements for creating an effective wound healing environment, such as absorption of exudate, maintenance of good oxygen and moisture permeability, biodegradability, biocompatibility, and sustained release of LTX‐109 with fully retained antibacterial activity as demonstrated by MIC values obtained against reference bacteria.
Preparation and Performance Study of Zinc Dibenzyl Dithiocarbamate Self‐Assembled Film on Electrodeposited Cu–Ni Alloy Surface
Authors: Guo Xuyan , Xiong Zhuangzhuang , Wang Guixiang , Ma Fuqiu , Ji Mingbo , Wu Ruizhi
Published: October 2024

This study developed a green and efficient surface protection method for Cu–Ni alloys. A zinc dibenzyl dithiocarbamate film was prepared on the surface of electrodeposited Cu–Ni alloys using the self‐assembly method to improve the material's corrosion resistance in seawater. The influence of zinc dibenzyl dithiocarbamate concentration and self‐assembly time on the corrosion resistance of the self‐assembled films was investigated through electrochemical testing. The findings revealed that at a zinc dibenzyl dithiocarbamate concentration of 10 mmol/L and a self‐assembly time of 20 min, the self‐assembled film exhibited the most robust corrosion resistance, achieving a maximum corrosion inhibition efficiency of 97.70%. The self‐assembly and adsorption mechanism of zinc dibenzyl dithiocarbamate were explored using molecular dynamics simulations and adsorption isotherms. The protective effect of self‐assembled films was visually observed through salt spray testing. Zinc dibenzyl dithiocarbamate self‐assembled film technology has high application prospects in the field of marine anti‐corrosion.
Enhanced Antimicrobial and Degradable Properties of Silver Nanoparticles‐Reinforced Chitosan‐Indian Gooseberry Films for Sustainable Food Packaging
Authors: Deb Priya , Sahoo Debsankar , Hasan Md. Imran , Basu Tamal , Bardhan Srishti , Ghosh Alok , Sukul Pradip K.
Published: October 2024

This study focuses on creating a biodegradable film composed of chitosan, Indian Gooseberry (IG) extract, and silver nanoparticles (AgNPs), designed to enhance antimicrobial properties and improve food preservation. The presence of AgNPs and IG extract not only dramatically exhibits 99% efficiency in the antimicrobial activity against Staphylococcus aureus (ATCC 6538P), but also achieves this within a remarkably short time interval of ≈20 min. This potent antimicrobial action is attributed to the synergistic effect between the bioactive compounds in the IG extract and the nanoscale silver particles, which together create a highly hostile environment for microbial growth. Moreover, this synergy contributes to 313.94% water vapor transmittance rate and the complete biodegradability of the composite film (93.42% at the end of the second month), ensuring that it leaves no harmful residues in the environment post‐use. The reinforced film exhibits improved hydrophobicity (55.43%), which is crucial for protecting food products from moisture and extending their shelf life. Specifically, the film has been tested as a packaging material for bread, showing a significant extension in shelf life by effectively preventing mold growth and retaining freshness for an extended period (14 days).
Using a patient‐specific diffusion model to generate CBCT‐based synthetic CTs for CBCT‐guided adaptive radiotherapy
Authors: Chen Xiaoqian , Qiu Richard L. J. , Wang Tonghe , Chang Chih‐Wei , Chen Xuxin , Shelton Joseph W. , Kesarwala Aparna H. , Yang Xiaofeng
Published: October 2024

Background

Cone beam computed tomography (CBCT) can be used to evaluate the inter‐fraction anatomical changes during the entire course for image‐guided radiotherapy (IGRT). However, CBCT artifacts from various sources restrict the full application of CBCT‐guided adaptive radiation therapy (ART).

Purpose

Inter‐fraction anatomical changes during ART, including variations in tumor size and normal tissue anatomy, can affect radiation therapy (RT) efficacy. Acquiring high‐quality CBCT images that accurately capture patient‐ and fraction‐specific (PFS) anatomical changes is crucial for successful IGRT.

Methods

To enhance CBCT image quality, we proposed PFS lung diffusion models (PFS‐LDMs). The proposed PFS models use a pre‐trained general lung diffusion model (GLDM) as a baseline, which is trained on historical deformed CBCT (dCBCT)‐planning CT (pCT) paired data. For a given patient, a new PFS model is fine‐tuned on a CBCT‐deformed pCT (dpCT) pair after each fraction to learn the PFS knowledge for generating personalized synthetic CT (sCT) with quality comparable to pCT or dpCT. The learned PFS knowledge is the specific mapping relationships, including personal inter‐fraction anatomical changes between personalized CBCT‐dpCT pairs. The PFS‐LDMs were evaluated on an institutional lung cancer dataset, quantified by mean absolute error (MAE), peak signal‐to‐noise ratio (PSNR), normalized cross‐correlation (NCC), and structural similarity index measure (SSIM) metrics. We also compared our PFS‐LDMs with a mainstream GAN‐based model, demonstrating that our PFS fine‐tuning strategy could be applied to existing generative models.

Results

Our models showed remarkable improvements across all four evaluation metrics. The proposed PFS‐LDMs outperformed the GLDM, demonstrating the effectiveness of our proposed fine‐tuning strategy. The PFS model fine‐tuned with CBCT images from four prior fractions, reduced the MAE from 103.95 to 15.96 Hounsfield units (HU), and increased the mean PSNR, NCC, and SSIM from 25.36 dB to 33.57 dB, 0.77 to 0.98, and 0.75 to 0.97, respectively. Applying our PFS fine‐tuning strategy to a Cycle GAN model also showed improvements, with all four fine‐tuned PFS Cycle GAN (PFS‐CG) models outperforming the general Cycle GAN model. Overall, our proposed PFS fine‐tuning strategy improved CBCT image quality compared to both the pre‐correction and non‐fine‐tuned general models, with our proposed PFS‐LDMs yielding better performance than the GAN‐based model across all metrics.

Conclusions

Our proposed PFS‐LDMs significantly improve CBCT image quality with increased HU accuracy and fewer artifacts, thus better capturing inter‐fraction anatomical changes. This lays the groundwork for enabling CBCT‐based ART, which could enhance clinical efficiency and achieve personalized high‐precision treatment by accounting for inter‐fraction anatomical changes.
Keratin Gel From Chicken Feathers Waste Obtained by Mercaptoethanol Extraction
Authors: Mattiello Sara , Guzzini Alessandro , Perinelli Diego Romano , Bonacucina Giulia , Gunnella Roberto , Lupidi Giulio , Santulli Carlo
Published: October 2024

Protein gels prepared by keratin extracted from chicken feathers show potential applications as engineered materials. Feathers are an abundant waste material, whose principal component is keratin, which may have gelling properties not yet sufficiently studied so far which are strongly dependent on the extraction method adopted. The aim of the study is to explore the properties of gels obtained through mercaptoethanol extraction and dialysis process and to evaluate their structural characteristics. The keratin hydrogels were characterized with Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) and Raman spectroscopy through which it was possible to identify the secondary structure of the protein on hydrated and dry gel. Moreover, the morphological analysis by scanning electron microscopy (SEM) combined with the rheological analysis showed how the consistency of the gels is maintained on a wide range of loads and frequencies. Furthermore, the biocompatibility of the gels was investigated for the release of subcutaneous drugs using curcumin, an antioxidant polyphenol compound. The fastest release was obtained at pH 7.4, corresponding to physiological conditions.
Eco‐friendly enhancement of mechanical properties in 3D carbon felt reinforced epoxy/aluminum sandwich composites via NaCl‐based anodizing and triton X‐100 modification
Authors: Taieh Nabil Kadhim , Fahad Eman Abd Alhadi
Published: October 2024

To address the challenges of achieving strong adhesion between aluminum face sheets and composite cores (3D carbon felts) in sandwich structures, this work presents a novel approach that prioritizes safety, environmental sustainability, and ease of processing. The 3D CFs/Epoxy core was modified with Triton X‐100 in amounts from 0 to 10 wt% of the epoxy resin. The aluminum alloy face sheets were anodized at voltages from 0 to 11 V, using a NaCl‐based anodizing process. The technique of anodizing can enhance the bond between the aluminum face sheets and the 3D CFs/epoxy core, resulting in improved mechanical performance of the composite, including flexural and compressive testing, as well as dynamic mechanical analysis. The composite, embedding 3D CFs foam in epoxy resin, has a storage modulus 65.1% higher than pure epoxy at 2070 MPa. In addition, increasing Triton X‐100 content (1–10 wt%) decreases the storage modulus from 1886 to 1314 MPa and the glass transition temperature from 68.3 to 62.8 °C. Additionally, with Triton X‐100 concentrations of 1 to 10 wt%, the flexural modulus of the epoxy reinforced by 3D CFs drops from 3951.8 to 2400 MPa, and the flexural strength decreases by 55.3% from 174 to 112 MPa, indicating reduced structural rigidity. For sandwich composites with anodized aluminum face sheets, a 7 V anodizing voltage boosts the flexural modulus from 17.8 GPa (0 V) to 36.2 GPa. At 7 V, compressive strength and strain rise by 346.9% and 995.5%, respectively. Flexural toughness peaks at 11239 KJ/m3 with 5 wt% Triton X‐100.

Highlights

Developed new sandwich epoxy composites consisting of anodized aluminum sheet treated with NaCl and modified 3D carbon felts epoxy composites using Triton X‐100.

Aluminum face sheets underwent an anodization at different voltages (0, 5, 7, 9, and 11 volts), aiming to enhance the bonding between the aluminum sheets and the 3D CFs/epoxy core.

Triton X‐100 was utilized to modify the epoxy matrix at various concentrations (0 to 10 wt%) for improving the flexibility of the sandwich core.

The sandwich composites incorporating the un‐anodized face sheet have shown flexural modulus of about 17.8 GPa. The modulus achieves its maximum value of 36.2 GPa when anodized at 7 V, indicating a 103% increase.

The flexural strength of sandwich composites increases by 13% (272 MPa) when the Triton X‐100 concentration is raised to 5 wt%, compared to the 240 MPa flexural strength of the Al face sheet anodized at 7 V.