bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Contraception as a value: young people’s stories about the challenges of using and managing contraceptive methods
Authors: Reis Ana Paula dos , Rodríguez Andrea Del Pilar Trujillo , Brandão Elaine Reis
Published: June 2024

Abstract This study presents the findings of the social anthropological research project “Jovens da era digital: Sexualidade, reprodução, redes sociais e prevenção às IST/HIV/AIDS” [Young people in the digital age: Sexuality, reproduction, social media, and prevention of STI/HIV/AIDS], which was conducted with interlocutors between the ages of 16 and 24 years old from six Brazilian cities. This study focuses on contraceptive management among heterosexual adolescents and young adults, with particular emphasis on women, given their prominent role in family planning within hierarchical gender contexts. We describe the typical script for youth contraception, which involves the use of condoms at the onset of sexual activity, followed by the incorporation of hormonal methods or the withdrawal method. We also find that adolescents frequently resort to the use of emergency contraception. Women frequently report experiencing side effects from hormonal contraceptives, which results in high rates of discontinuation and an increased interest in copper IUDs, which are scarce resources within the Brazilian National Health System. It can be concluded that, despite gender constraints and social, ethnic, and racial inequalities, the interviewees value contraception, offering insights for the review and improvement of public policies concerning young people.
Юридическое лицо как средство, способ и орудие совершения преступления
Authors: Balzhinimaeva Violetta
Published: June 2024

Наиболее известным спором, касающимся включения юридического лица в уголовно-правовое регулирование, стала дискуссия о возможности его уголовной ответственности . Аргументация строилась вокруг разного понимания сущности юридического лица: фикции или реальности . Однако со временем стали рассматриваться другие способы проявления юридических лиц в орбите уголовного права . В частности, юридическое лицо предложили рассматривать не как субъект преступления, а как средство, способ или орудие совершения преступления . Аргументация исследователей, сторонников и противников этого предложения рассматривается в данной статье . Мы также обращаемся к судебной практике, чтобы оценить, как отражается такой подход к юридическому лицу в реальной правоприменительной деятельности . В качестве орудия юридическое лицо предлагают рассматривать сторонники его фиктивной сущности . Противники такого подхода указывают, что орудие — это всегда реальный материальный предмет, которым юридическое лицо не является . Однако этот аргумент не мешает судам на практике признавать юридические лица орудием совершения преступления . В таких случаях реальность организации не берется в расчет судом, поскольку он при принятии решения фокусируется исключительно на физическом лице . Некоторые исследователи предлагают рассматривать юридическое лицо как фикцию в качестве средства совершения преступления . Однако средством совершения преступления в данном случае становится не юридическое лицо в целом, а только его отдельные элементы . Этот подход также находит отражение в судебной практике . Еще одним вариантом проявления юридического лица в уголовном праве становится рассмотрение его как способа совершения преступления . В судебной практике мы видим прямое указание на то, что физическим лицом юридическое лицо было создано с целью совершения преступления . Таким образом, в теоретических работах споры о включении юридического лица в орбиту уголовного права продолжаются . Аргументация в этих спорах базируется на применении теории фикции или теории реальности юридического лица . Анализ судебной практики показывает, что юридическое лицо регулярно признается в качестве орудия и сред-ства совершения преступления . Однако его самостоятельность игнорируется, а фокус делается на физическом лице как субъекте преступления .Для цитирования: Бальжинимаева В.В. Юридическое лицо как средство, способ, орудие совершения преступления // Право. Журнал Высшей школы экономики. 2022. Т. 15. № 1. С. 140–163. DOI:10.17323/2072-8166.2022.1.140.163.
Определение субъекта прав на результаты интеллектуальной деятельности, созданные с использованием искусственного интеллекта
Authors: Kalyatin Vitaliy
Published: June 2024

Искусственный интеллект применяется в настоящее время во всех областях человеческой деятельности, включая создание фильмов, музыкальных произведений, современных технологий и т.д. Однако широкое использование искусственного интеллекта при создании результатов интеллектуальной деятельности ставит перед законодателем и судами трудные вопросы об определении правового режима, применимого к таким результатам интеллектуальной деятельности и об установлении места искусственного интеллекта в правовой системе в целом. Дискуссионным остается даже понятие искусственного интеллекта; жаркие споры вызывает и выбор подхода к определению лица, которому будут принадлежать созданные искусственным интеллектом результаты. Традиционное регулирование связывает охрану интеллектуальной собственности с деятельностью человека, а в рамках континентальной системы права требуется также творчество. В результате компании, использующие искусственный интеллект, указывают фиктивных авторов, чтобы получить охрану результатов интеллектуальной деятельности. В доктрине предложен ряд вариантов закрепления прав на такие объекты, среди которых можно назвать разработчика искусственного интеллекта; лицо, организовавшее функционирование искусственного интеллекта; инвестора; пользователя искусственного интеллекта; сам искусственный интеллект и др. В настоящей статье анализируются возможные модели регулирования таких результатов интеллектуальной деятельности, указываются перспективы изменения законодательства и общественные последствия этого. Делается вывод, что среди множества моделей закрепления права на результаты интеллектуальной деятельности, созданные искусственным интеллектом, лишь несколько заслуживают внимания, из которых наиболее перспективным является вариант введения специального ограниченного смежного права лица, организовавшего процесс использования искусственного интеллекта. Данная модель имеет сходство с уже существующими в гражданском праве конструкциями  — правами изготовителя фонограмм, организации эфирного или кабельного вещания, изготовителя базы данных. Имеется и опыт применения этих конструкций в некоторых странах. Таким образом, появление искусственного интеллекта в сфере интеллектуальной собственности требует не значительной перестройки всего правового регулирования, а лишь развития сложившихся подходов.
René Magritte Resimlerinin Sinema ile Etkileşimi
Authors: Özgör Cumhur Okay
Published: June 2024

Sanat tarihi boyunca sanatçılar, hayal gücünü kendine rehber edinmiş, yaratıcılıklarını kullanarak yeni imgeler yaratmıştır. Sanatçılar, yaratıcı sınırlarını aşmış, fonetik sanatlarla etkileşim içinde sonrası için sinemayı etkileyecek ikonlar oluşturmuştur. Sanatçılar, içinde bulunduğu dönemin siyasi, tarihi, olaylarından etkilenirken, bilim ve teknolojideki gelişmeler de sanat akımlarına ve sanatçılara ışık tutmuştur. Psikanaliz kuramları üstüne çalışmalarıyla Sigmund Freud, gerçeküstücülük akımını derinden etkilemiştir. Gerçeküstücülük akımının temsilcilerinden biri olan René Magritte, çalışmaları ile sanat tarihinde önemli bir isim olmuştur. Tablolarında, nesnelerinde, sembolik olarak, varoluşçuluk, tekinsizlik gibi felsefi düşünceleri sorgulatan sanatçı, diğer sanat dallarını da önemli ölçüde etkilemektedir. Yönetmenler, Magritte'in imgelerini beyazperdeye taşımaktadır. Bu çalışmada Magritte'in yarattığı figür ve objelerin, sinema üzerindeki yansımalarından bahsedilmiştir. Bilim kurgu, korku ve fantastik türde film örnekleriyle çalışma pekiştirilmiştir. Bu çalışmada, sanatçıyı etkileyen film örneklerine ve Magritte’in sinemayı etkileyen imgelerine yer verilmiştir. Örneğin, Fantomas (Louis Feuillade, 1913) ve Nibelungen (Fritz Lang,1924) gibi filmler, Magritte'in çalışmaları için referans olmuştur. Bu çalışmada amaçlanan, Magritte'in sürrealizm ve hayal gücünü arşa çıkaran imajlarının, sinema sanatı ile karşılaştırmalı görsel analizini oluşturmaktır. Çalışma kapsamı olarak resim, sinema; felsefe gibi alanlar tercih edilmiş olup, Magritte'in sinemada yer alan resimleri kare kare sunulmuştur. Gerçeküstücülüğün görsel sanatlar üzerindeki etkisi tartışılmıştır. Bu çalışmada, literatür taraması metodu kullanılmış olup, felsefi düşüncelerden yola çıkılarak, teorilerin, görsel sanatlardaki somut hale dönüşümü görseller eşliğinde ele alınmıştır. Farklı disiplinlerin birbiriyle ilişkisi analiz edilmiştir. Çalışmada sinema ve tablolar arası karşılaştırmalı görsel analiz yöntemi benimsenmiş, göstergebilimsel analiz metodundan faydalanılmıştır.
ASSISTÊNCIA SOCIAL, POBREZA E DESIGUALDADES: OS IMPACTOS DA PANDEMIA DA COVID-19 NAS FAMÍLIAS VULNERÁVEIS DE HERVAL D´OESTE/SC
Authors: Chiamolera Adriana , Santos Corrêa da Silva Luis Fernando
Published: June 2024

Este artigo discute os impactos sociais da pandemia da COVID-19 nas famílias atendidas pela política de Assistência Social do município de Herval d'Oeste/SC. A pesquisa é de natureza bibliográfica, documental, qualitativa e quantitativa. O instrumento de coleta de dados utilizado foi a entrevista[1] semi-estruturada, e teve como base um roteiro, com perguntas abertas e fechadas. Foram entrevistados 8 profissionais que atuaram na política de assistência social no período da pandemia, e 13 usuários dos serviços de assistência social. Durante a pandemia da COVID-19, constatou-se o aumento da demanda por benefícios eventuais, em virtude do nulo ou insuficiente acesso à renda dessas famílias, que se encontravam vulneráveis socialmente. E identificou-se com a pesquisa que essa processualidade está intrinsecamente ligada ao aumento da desigualdade e da pobreza evidenciada no Brasil e, especialmente, no município em questão. Ao analisar-se o papel da política de assistência social, constatou-se que esta não se constituiu como política suficiente para a efetivação dos direitos da população.  
 
[1] A pesquisa foi conduzida de acordo com os padrões éticos exigidos, e o Certificado de Apresentação de Apreciação Ética (CAAE) é número 68231323.8.0000.5564.
Negotiating the Progressive Paradox: Middle‐Class Parents in Majority–Minority Primary Schools in Amsterdam
Authors: Schut Josje , Crul Maurice
Published: June 2024

Across Western Europe, progressive issues take centre stage within integration debates and discourse. This article addresses the paradox middle‐class progressives get caught up in when arguing for openness towards diversity, while also expecting adaptation to the progressive “modern” norm on sexuality, especially from Muslim Others. Going beyond existing literature, this article demonstrates the understudied manifestations of this paradox in everyday life, within a diverse majority–minority primary school context in Amsterdam. Taking sex education as a case, the authors reveal three different approaches—confrontational, continued discussion, and compromise—with which middle‐class parents without a migration background negotiate difference, each emphasizing different aspects of the paradox. The results show how, despite being a local numerical minority, progressive parents still enact their power position at large arguing for (gradual) adaptation to “modernity.” However, some parents provide solutions to difference that move away from consensus and envision a future that allows for multiple norms to exist.
The Impact of Ginger Extract (Zingiber officinale Rosc.) Addition on Overrun Value, Melting Resistance, Viscosity, and Hedonic Ratings in Gelato
Authors: Pratama Putra Hega Bintang , Al-Baarri Ahmad Ni'matullah , Dwi Saputra Fitran , Putri Cahyanti Friska , Dewi Swastika
Published: June 2024

Ginger contains high levels of bioactive compounds and can be used in food preparations in extract form. However, improper extraction methods can damage or reduce these compounds. This study utilized the maceration extraction method to assess the impact of adding ginger extract at different concentrations on the overrun value, melting resistance, viscosity, and hedonic properties of gelato. A completely randomized design was used, with treatments including 0% (T0), 0.5% (T1), 1% (T2), and 1.5% (T3) ginger extract. Higher concentrations of ginger extract affected all parameters: overrun values ranged from 15.724% to 22.030%, melting resistance from 36.642 to 42.056 minutes, and viscosity from 10.06 to 12.76 dPas. Hedonic testing revealed that panelists preferred gelato with 0.5% ginger extract (T1). In conclusion, adding ginger extract to gelato significantly affects its overrun value, melting resistance, and viscosity, with the 0.5% concentration being most preferred by consumers.
An alternative method for measuring patient’s sagittal balance parameters in sitting and standing positions
Authors: Pavlov V. V. , Mushkachev Е. А. , Turgunov E. N. , Lukinov V. L. , Peleganchuk A. V.
Published: June 2024

Introduction The understanding of the biomechanics of movements in the spinopelvic segment plays an important role in the successful treatment of patients with hip-spine syndrome. Analysis of the biomechanical processes occurring in the biokinematic chain of the spine–pelvis–hip during the transition from standing position to sitting position allows us to conclude that the acetabular axis of rotation of the pelvis in space is not the only one. Classical methods for measuring PI, PT, overhang S1 are applicable for patients in a standing position and use the hip joint as a starting point, since it is the point of rotation of the pelvis in space in a standing position. Previously, using mathematical modeling, we described spatial changes in the pelvis during a given change in the body position and showed the presence of a second point of pelvis rotation in space, which appears in a sitting position. We assumed that in a sitting position, it is necessary to use other methods for calculating indicators of spinopelvic relationships for their determination.

Purpose of the study was to evaluate the parameters of patients’ sagittal balance using the proposed alternative method in standing and sitting positions.

Materials and methods Medical documentation and the results of X-ray examination of 20 patients with unilateral idiopathic coxarthrosis who underwent total hip replacement surgery were analyzed. The radiographic parameters were calculated: PI, PT, overhang S1 in standing and sitting positions, anterior inclination of the acetabular component; parameters PI ischial, PT ischial, deviation of the ischial tuberosities in standing and sitting positions were proposed and calculated.

Results The study shows that there is no statistical difference in the values of the angles PI standard for a standing position and PI ischial for a sitting position. It corresponds to objective data and is generally accepted. Examples of changes in radiographic parameters of the sacral slope and the deviation of the ischial tuberosities were shown reflecting the rotation of the pelvis in space through the second, ischial axis, that confirm the biaxial concept of pelvic rotation.

Discussion The calculations demonstrated the possibility of using alternative indicators of spinopelvic relationships (PT, distance of overhang of the sacrum (overhang S1), deviation of the ischial tuberosities). They enabled assessment of the spatial transformation of the pelvis and the ability to predict the spatial position of the acetabulum, which is an important factor for successful treatment of patients with combined pathology of the hip joint and spine.

Conclusion Our findings complement the biaxial concept of pelvic rotation. An alternative method for measuring sagittal balance parameters in a sitting position has been proposed. Further research is required to assess the practical significance of this method.
New finger reconstruction technologies using 3D printing
Authors: Aleksandrov N. M. , Veshaev I. D.
Published: June 2024

Introduction The use of 3D printing technology in finger reconstruction improves accuracy of the procedure minimizing the donor defect and optimizing the appearance and function of the finger. The use of this technology in the finger reconstruction with an osteocutaneous radial forearm flap with axial blood supply and lengthening of the digital stumps and metacarpals remains poorly explored.

The objective of the study was to demonstrate new methods of preoperative planning for finger reconstruction and improve surgical outcomes.

Material and methods Outcomes of five patients treated with original methods based on 3D technology were retrospectively evaluated during preoperative planning, reconstruction of the thumb using an osteocutaneous radial forearm flap with axial blood supply, relocation of the stump of the third finger and lengthening of the stumps of the first and second metacarpals. The patients could achieve consolidation of interpositional bone allografts following lengthening of the finger stumps, stability of the bone base of the finger, organotypic restructuring of the marginal allograft during plastic surgery with an osteocutaneous radial forearm flap, and a functional position of the reconstructed thumb using the middle finger stump.

Results and discussion An individual device for planning finger reconstruction allows identification of the optimal size and position of the finger in three planes, which is essential for patients with severe hand deformities to avoid corrective procedures. An individual guide was used to osteotomize the radius to harvest a vascularized graft providing a cutout of a given size and shape and a cortical-cancellous allograft being identical in shape and size to replace the donor bone defect. The combined use of Masquelet technology and distraction of the finger stump or a metacarpal improved conditions for consolidation and restructuring of the interpositional allograft preventing fractures and infection.

Conclusion The use of 3D technology in finger reconstruction using an osteocutaneous radial forearm flap with axial blood supply and distraction of the finger stumps and metacarpals can improve surgical outcomes.
New approaches to solving old problems: history lessons
Authors: Volodin N. N.
Published: June 2024

The aim of this review was to demonstrate the significant successes of domestic neonatology, thanks to which infant mortality rates have dropped unprecedentedly, mostly due to a decrease in early neonatal and overall neonatal mortality in the last 3 decades. The noted achievements are primarily due to the implementation of the National Project “Health”. Within this project, a large number of perinatal centers were commissioned and a multi-level system of providing care to pregnant women from high-risk groups was introduced, equipped with high-quality diagnostic and treatment equipment and life-saving drugs.Conclusion. Over the past decades, significant successes have been noted by domestic manufacturers in the creation of high-tech medical equipment, consumables and medications used in neonatology, some of which are one-of-a-kind on the global arena.
Effect of nitric oxide supply on the morphofunctional state of the lungs during cardiopulmonary bypass modelling: an experimental study
Authors: Kravchenko I. V. , Gereng E. A. , Podoksenov Yu. K. , Tyo M. A. , Serebryakova O. N. , Byankina M. A. , Gorokhova A. V. , Kozlov B. N. , Milto I. V. , Kamenshchikov N. O.
Published: June 2024

Perioperative management of cardiac surgery leads to significant morphofunctional impairment of the lungs, cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB) being the principal contributor. The pathophysiological mechanisms associated with cardiopulmonary bypass include ischaemic-reperfusion injury, oxidative stress and systemic inflammation. Nitric oxide is able to limit the associated damage.Aim of the study: to investigate the effect of nitric oxide supply on morphofunctional state of sheep lungs under simulated cardiopulmonary bypass. Methods. 12 sheep of Altai breed were divided into 2 equal groups. Classical techniques of pulmonary ventilation and cardiopulmonary bypass were simulated in the CPB group. The sheep of the CPB + NO group were supplied with 80 ppm nitric oxide (via respiratory circuit or extracorporeal circulation circuit) during mechanical ventilation and cardiopulmonary bypass. The gas supply started immediately after tracheal intubation and continued until the end of the experiment. In both groups, the cardiopulmonary bypass time was 90 min, after which the sheep were switched to spontaneous circulation and observed for 60 min. Subsequently, blood was sampled, and the animals were withdrawn from the experiment with subsequent collection of histologic specimens.Results. Statistically significant intergroup differences in P / F-index level before the end of the experiment were found (p = 0.041). Nitric oxide supply was associated with decreased infiltrate density in the lung parenchyma (p = 0.006) and increased alveolar area (p < 0.001).Conclusion. Supply of NO during modelling of cardiopulmonary bypass in experimental animals improves the morphological and functional state of the lungs by reducing inflammation, vascular changes and damage to the respiratory part of the lungs (structure of alveoli, alveolar passages and pneumocytes). Clinical studies are needed to investigate pulmonoprotective properties of NO in humans.
The burden of severe exacerbations, their relationship to clinical outcomes and the use of health resources in the Russian population of patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease: a subanalysis of the Russian population of EXACOS International Study
Authors: Avdeev S. N. , Leshchenko I. V. , Ignatova G. V. , Antonov V. N. , Kostina N. E. , Kochegarova E. U. , Aristov A. I. , Trushenko N. V. , Chikina S. Yu. , Nuralieva G. S. , Popova N. V. , Svirido D. A. , Skal’skiy S. V. , Tikhanov D. A. , Tikhonovich E. L.
Published: June 2024

According to the literature, the risk of death in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) increases with both frequency and severity of the disease exacerbations. However, the clinical burden and healthcare resource utilization associated with severe COPD exacerbations in the Russian population have not been adequately studied.The aim of this study was to assess the clinical burden of severe COPD in Russia by examining the relationship between frequency of severe exacerbations, clinical outcomes, and healthcare utilization among the Russian patients.Methods. The EXACOS International Study on Exacerbations and Outcomes was an observational, cross-sectional study that collected retrospective data from medical records over a five-year period. The study population included a broad range of COPD patients monitored by pulmonologists. The purpose of the study was to assess the frequency of severe exacerbations that were defined as hospitalizations (with or without admission to an intensive care unit) or emergency department visits due to worsening of COPD symptoms.Results. A total of 326 patients with COPD were included (mean age: 64.8 years, 87.1% male). Most participants had moderate (137 (42.0%)) or severe COPD (135 (41.4%)), as well as comorbidities (275 (84.4%)). The most common comorbidities included hypertension, heart failure, and diabetes. During the study period, 120 (40.0%), 158 (48.5%), and 247 (75.8%) patients received courses of oral corticosteroids, injectable corticosteroids and antibiotics, respectively. 250 (76.7%) patients experienced at least one severe COPD exacerbation, with a total of 1,026 events; and 102 (31.3%) had more than 3 exacerbations. The annual number of exacerbations increased from 128 in 2019 to 294 in 2021 (p < 0.0001), and the proportion of patients with severe exacerbations also increased from 23.6% in 2009 to 54.7% in 2021.Conclusion. The high clinical burden of severe COPD exacerbations among the Russian population indicates a significant need for further research into factors leading to these events, modification of these factors and optimization of therapy to prevent the exacerbations.
Exploring the Efficacy of Student Community Service Programs (KKN) in Higher Education Institutions: A Case Study in Indonesia
Authors: Hesti Miranda , Markos Valeria
Published: June 2024

Every university student in higher education is required to take part in Kuliah Kerja Nyata, what is a study service program, according to the curriculum in higher education in Indonesia. Kuliah Kerja Nyata (KKN) was appeared in a decree from the Department of Higher Education for the first time in 1973 (Kisnawat, 2009). In this study we present the origin of Kuliah Kerja Nyata and its policies implemented in the university, a description of Kuliah Kerja Nyata appeared on the universities’s websites, such as the University of Gajah Mada and Bandung Institute of Technology's website, and the benefits of its implementation for the stakeholders. This publication aims to review community service programs and promote community service in higher education. We present a synthetic literature review related to student community service. This publication offer how the Kuliah Kerja Nyata program has been effectively implemented in indonesian universities for students and lecturers.
SPECIAL ASPECTS OF THE DEVELOPMENT OF THE LEGAL REGULATION OF RECOMMENDATION TECHNOLOGIES IN ENTREPRENEURIAL ACTIVITIES IN RUSSIA AND CHINA
Authors:   Teaching Assistant of the Department of Labor and Entrepreneurial Law of the Volga-Vyatka Institute, Arzamasov Aleksey A.
Published: June 2024

In the article, the author examines approaches to the legal regulation of information technologies using recommendation algorithms in Russia and China, analyzes the definition of the concept, formulated requirements for transparency, control and monitoring. In general, there are possible problems in practice associated with direct access to information systems due to the need to attract highly qualified specialists, the volume of analyzed data, the risk of leakage of confidential information.
A SUBSCRIBER’S AGREEMENT AS A LEGAL MEANS THAT ENSURES RATIONALIZATION OF THE PROPERTY TURNOVER: THE HISTORICAL ASPECT AND PRESENT TIMES
Authors:   Associate Professor of the Law Faculty of the Financial University under the Government of the Russian Federation, Matveeva Elena Yu.
Published: June 2024

greement (an agreement that is performed on request). A subscriber’s agreement is viewed as a much-in-demand form of organization of contractual property relations that gives parties to a civil agreement an opportunity to perform an agreement in a cost-efficient model. The article presents a retrospective analysis of the use of the subscriber’s agreement structure at various property turnover development stages, determines spheres of public relations the development of which has triggered the origination of the subscriber’s agreement structure.
THE LEGAL NATURE OF A DIGITAL RUBLE ACCOUNT
Authors:   Acting Head of the Department of Regulation of Operations of Financial Institutions of the Russian Presidential Academy of National Economy and Public Administration, Turbanov Aleksandr V.
Published: June 2024

The article is devoted to the study of the legal nature of such a phenomenon as the digital ruble account. The methodological issues of concluding a digital ruble account agreement are considered. The position on the independent nature of such an agreement is defended, the originality of its object (digital money, namely, the digital ruble) and the subject (performing transactions exclusively on the platform of the Bank of Russia) is shown. It is shown that, being a multilateral agreement of accession, it cannot nevertheless be classified as a public agreement. The main responsibilities of the operator, participants and users of the Bank of Russia platform are formulated. The impossibility of moving such a key function of banks as attracting deposits to the Bank of Russia platform is proved, and other features of the digital ruble account agreement are shown.
LEGAL REGULATION OF FINANCIAL STABILITY OF THE RUSSIAN FEDERATION
Authors:   Dean of the Law Faculty, Professor of the Department of Legal Regulation of Economic Operations of the Financial University under the Government of the Russian Federation, Ruchkina Gulnara F.
Published: June 2024

In the article it is analyzed some problems of the functioning of the financial market of the Russian Federation, caused by both external reasons — the sanctions impact on the Russian economy, and internal ones, related to natural economic problems characteristic of the domestic economy. Among the problems mentioned by the author, the author highlights: debt burden of citizens, restrictions on the currency market, high mortgage rates, restrictions on foreign investment, etc. Draws attention to the need to develop social lending, expand the tools of the currency market, avoid the imbalance in terms of expanding the circle of private investors, including from unfriendly countries, and conclude that in general the mega-regulator has and effectively uses the necessary tools to stabilize the financial market.
Dissolution of Marriage Through Legal Proceedings If There Is No Dispute with Regards to the Custody over and Financial Support of Minor Children
Authors:   Associate Professor of the Department of Civil Law and Procedure of the Voronezh State University, LL.D., Shemeneva Olga N.
Published: June 2024

The present publication justifies that at present there is a situation in which magistrates objectively have neither time, nor procedural means, nor special training in order to monitor the observance of the rights of minor children when their parents divorce. The author proposes the main directions for the development of a more effective mechanism of the State control over the observance by parents of the rights of minor children when divorcing.
Potential Variability of Offenses Caused by the Cultural Phenomenon of Cosplay
Authors:   Associate Professor of the Department of Criminal Law of the Penza State University, PhD (Law), Associate Professor, Kapitonova Elena A.
Published: June 2024

also indicates characteristics that determine the desire of popular cosplayers to monetize their hobby (including the performance and competitiveness of this area). Based on the research conducted by the author of the article on the activity of cosplay bloggers, conclusions are drawn about the most common ways they can extract income from their activities. Potential offenses related to cosplay are considered – copyright infringement on a character of someone else's work, non-compliance with the established procedure for paying taxes, violation of the procedure for access to information prohibited or restricted for distribution to minors. The problem of cosplay creativity has been poorly studied both from the point of view of practical definition of the boundaries of the realization and use of the cosplayer's own creativity, and from the point of view of the inadmissibility of encroachments on the exclusive right to the characters of other people's works in order to make a profit.
Legal Restrictions to Holding Elections and Referendums in the State of Emergency: The Constitutional Law Aspect
Authors:   Postgraduate Student of the Department of Theory of Law and State and Legal Disciplines of the International Law Institute, Sergeev Viktor Yu.
Published: June 2024

The article is dedicated to the study of the problem of restrictions to political rights of citizens in the state of emergency. Based on an analysis of laws on elections, referendum and the state of emergency, the author concludes that the constitutional legislator is forced to use methods of election (discretion), sufficiency of grounds (need to exclude spontaneous decisions), proportionality, detailed legal regulation (grounds for the introduction, cancellation and amendment of the state of emergency), reasonable flexibility of the legal policy and adequacy of the law enforcement practice. Extraordinary and emergency circumstances that objectively exclude any freedom of public events, debates, discussions, speeches and sharing opinions on politics and resolutions of government authorities are the only sufficient basis to introduce the state of emergency in a country or its certain territories.
Digital Sovereignty of States That Borrow Foreign Electronic Voting Technologies
Authors:   Teaching Assistant of the Department of Political Science of the Faculty of Social Sciences and Mass Communications of the Financial University under the Government of the Russian Federation, PhD (Political Science), Fedorov Vladislav I.
Published: June 2024

The article reviews problems of digital sovereignty of a state in the conditions of rapid development of digital communication platforms, one of the manifestations of which is electronic government and electronic voting. Governments of many countries address foreign IT companies ready to create and administer the entire electoral infrastructure, however, the states that borrow electronic voting technologies run the risk of turning to a digital colony of an IT company that interferes with internal affairs of another state by holding elections. Western IT companies dominate on the global electronic voting market, the majority of those is registered in the USA. The article concludes that states that are able to create own technological solutions to hold electronic voting should aim to avoid the use of any foreign products, and Russia should be more active in promotion of its approaches to protection against foreign interference with elections.
Literackość i wizualność. Paradoksy relacji w prozie Zygmunta Haupta
Authors: Niewiadomski Andrzej
Published: June 2024

Visual arts are the natural interpretative context of the prose work of Zygmunt Haupt, the author who, apart from writing, dealt with painting, drawing and graphics. The mechanisms of painting vision can easily be captured in his stories, but it is worth remembering that he understood plastic art very broadly, including not only painting and sculpture, but also architecture, photography, cinema and theater. Haupt uses these areas of art as a tool to support writing efforts that allow: 1/ to capture the inexpressible, 2/ indicate the complexity of the modern world, 3/ signal the trauma of past experiences. In Haupt’s prose, visual art is also a search for the truth of things and events, emerging from the clash of the possibilities of various conventions and artistic strategies.
Violencia e inseguridad social en El Salvador y Costa Rica: un análisis comparativo de las políticas públicas de N. Bukele y R. Chaves
Authors: Obando-Sánchez María Fernanda
Published: June 2024

La seguridad pública en América Central se ha convertido en un desafío apremiante, manifestándose de manera particular en las estrategias adoptadas por los líderes de países como El Salvador y Costa Rica. En el centro de esta dicotomía se encuentran dos enfoques notoriamente divergentes liderados por Nayib Bukele en El Salvador y Rodrigo Chaves en Costa Rica. Mientras Bukele apuesta por el encarcelamiento masivo y la militarización como medidas principales, Chaves ha delegado la responsabilidaden los poderes Legislativo y Judicial, enfrentándose así al año más violento de la historia costarricense. Este ensayo se propone explorar y analizar estas estrategias opuestas, examinando las políticas de seguridad implementadas por ambos mandatarios,así como sus discursos autoritarios y las consecuencias de estas decisiones en la percepción pública. Mediante este análisis comparativo, se busca examinar la efectividad y sostenibilidad de tales enfoques en la mitigación de la violencia, ofreciendo una visión integral de cómo estos líderes abordan el desafío común de proteger la seguridad de sus ciudadanos.
La música de los Ainur y el problema de la libertad
Authors: Haddad Bernat Pedro Humberto
Published: June 2024

El determinismo es la tesis que sostiene que en el mundo todo cuanto ocurre está preestablecido por las leyes que gobiernan el cosmos. Tal visión entra en conflicto con la existencia de la libertad y el albedrío, pues toda acción, decisión u obra humana estaría sujeta a las leyes que gobiernan el cosmos y determinan su proceder. De forma ineludible, ello impacta las prácticas de juzgar las acciones de otros y atribuir responsabilidades. Este conflicto es especialmente patente en el caso del mundo secundario de Tolkien, donde Eä es el producto directo de los designios de Dios preestablecidos en la Música de los Ainur. Este trabajo es un modesto repaso de estas cuestiones a propósito de la obra de J.R.R. Tolkien, y aspira a rememorar una concepción contemporánea de la cuestión del determinismo de manera que pase a ser un problema secundario.
Acculturation of Islam in Kabumi Cultural Tradition of Lebuawu Village Jepara
Authors: Nuha Muchammad Ulin
Published: June 2024

This study examines the acculturation of Islam in the implementation of the Kabumi tradition in Lebuawu Village, Pecangaan District, Jepara Regency, Central Java. It employed a qualitative descriptive method to describe the cultural facts surrounding the traditional Kabumi celebration. The findings show that the Kabumi tradition has become a traditional celebration as a form of gratitude by the people of Lebuawu Village to the Creator for allowing them to live on Earth by His grace. They heavily rely on the earth to grow crops, obtain food and drink, and carry out other activities. As a result, they perform earth alms as a way to express their gratitude to the earth. Additionally, the alms to the earth also represent a form of gratitude for the salvation and sustenance received by the community, and are believed to bring protection to their fields, ensuring abundant harvests. The acculturation of Islam in the implementation of Kabumi also teaches the community to always maintain an attitude of tolerance among people of different religions, as this acculturation preserves local traditions that characterize this custom.

Penelitian ini mengkaji tentang akulturasi Islam dalam pelaksanaan tradisi Kabumi di Desa Lebuawu, Kecamatan Pecangaan, Kabupaten Jepara, Jawa Tengah. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode deskriptif kualitatif untuk mendeskripsikan fakta budaya seputar perayaan adat Kabumi. Temuan penelitian menunjukkan bahwa tradisi Kabumi telah menjadi perayaan adat sebagai wujud rasa syukur masyarakat Desa Lebuawu kepada Sang Pencipta yang telah mengizinkan mereka hidup di bumi atas karunia-Nya. Mereka sangat bergantung pada bumi untuk bercocok tanam, memperoleh makanan dan minuman, serta melakukan aktivitas lainnya. Oleh karena itu, mereka melakukan sedekah bumi sebagai wujud rasa syukurnya terhadap bumi. Selain itu, sedekah bumi juga merupakan wujud rasa syukur atas keselamatan dan rezeki yang diterima masyarakat, serta dipercaya dapat memberikan perlindungan pada ladangnya dan menjamin hasil panen yang melimpah. Akulturasi Islam dalam pelaksanaan Kabumi juga mengajarkan masyarakat untuk selalu menjaga sikap toleransi antar umat yang berbeda agama, karena akulturasi ini melestarikan tradisi lokal yang menjadi ciri adat tersebut.
Agronomic practices for optimising soil water retention
Authors:   Middle Tennessee State University, USA, Haruna Samuel I. , Anderson Stephen H. ,   University of Missouri, USA
Published: June 2024

Soil water retention is an important factor that influences cropping systems and environmental sustainability and can be affected by various agronomic practices. Agronomic practices including tillage, cover cropping, crop rotation, and animal grazing practices have been implemented over several centuries to enhance crop productivity by improving soil–seed contact, reducing weed competition, increasing nutrient availability and cycling, and improving animal health. Over time and as a result of technological advancements and an increasing global human population, these practices have gradually evolved to include the use of mechanised equipment aimed at reducing human labour and increasing productivity. However, these advancements in agronomic practices can influence water infiltration and retention. This chapter discusses these practices and their influence on water infiltration and retention. Suggestions are also made on how these practices can be used to optimise soil water retention and availability.
Solar-powered irrigation systems: recent developments and future trends
Authors:   CSIRO Environment Business Unit, Australia, Watto Muhammad Arif , Shabir Maria ,   University of Foggia, Italy, Sher Ali ,   School of Management, Guangzhou University, China, Ali Khan Muhammad Awais ,   Independent Researcher, UK
Published: June 2024

Recent developments in harnessing solar energy have transformed solar powered irrigation systems (SPIS) into a cost-effective, reliable, and environmentally sustainable alternative to conventional fossil fuel energy-based irrigation systems. This chapter reviews the current developments and future prospects for SPIS, highlighting how latest developments in solar technology have created opportunities to address energy–irrigation (groundwater) nexus challenges. It also highlights recent technological developments, including smart solar irrigation systems and real-time water monitoring. Future advances such as more refined automated water delivery and control systems might lead to more widespread adoption of SPIS. Considering Pakistan as a case study, this chapter explores adoption potential, including the different initiatives and efforts underway, concerns relating to farmer adoption, and the different strategies to ensure long-term sustainability of SPIS. We suggest that without effective regulatory control and market-based mechanisms, free solar energy can encourage groundwater over-exploitation and also impose various social and spatial externalities, unless the sustainability of water/groundwater resources is ensured.
The water–energy–food nexus (WEF)
Authors:   Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Chile, Melo Oscar , Vendrell Sadurní ,   Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Chile, Foster William ,   Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Chile
Published: June 2024

This chapter briefly introduces the nexus approach, focussing on water issues. It is not an attempt to summarise the vast literature on the topic but rather to illustrate the concept by presenting selected examples of each element of the nexus and their interlinkages (water–energy, energy–food, and food–water) from a global perspective. We also present three case studies that use the nexus approach in Andean countries to analyse the trade-offs between the elements that arise when designing sustainable development strategies. Two of the case studies use a water–energy–food–environment modelling toolkit that is applied to agricultural development in Peru and Ecuador. The third case study shows a water–food–energy model that links water used in agriculture and hydroelectricity to evaluate climate change adaptation strategies.
Crop physiological responses to irrigation and regulatory mechanisms
Authors:   Lancaster University, UK, Dodd Ian C. , Huntenburg Katharina ,   Wageningen University and Research, The Netherlands, Pérez-Pérez Juan Gabriel ,   Valencian Institute of Agricultural Research, Spain
Published: June 2024

Irrigated croplands are especially productive but increasing costs of irrigation infrastructure, and political pressures on abstraction, requires enhanced irrigation efficiency. Farmers may be risk-averse to growing with less irrigation, requiring that the irrigation science community develop techniques to maintain or boost productivity while conserving water. Devising deficit irrigation strategies appropriate to specific crops and/or environmental conditions requires understanding mechanisms regulating the relative sensitivity of different yield-determining physiological processes to soil and plant water deficits and utilising appropriate instrumentation to dynamically measure these responses. Two case studies are presented. Restricting water to citrus crops at certain stages of fruit development (regulated deficit irrigation), with water status allowed to fluctuate between defined thresholds, allows water saving while maintaining fruit growth. Partial rootzone drying of tomato crops stimulated root-to-shoot signalling to increase water use efficiency while maintaining root and fruit growth at the expense of shoot growth.
Harmonisasi Pengetahuan: Menelusuri Interaksi Islam dan Filsafat dalam Pengembangan Ilmu Pengetahuan
Authors: Hidayat Rian
Published: June 2024

This research aims to comprehend the roles of Islam and philosophy in the development of scientific knowledge. Islam and philosophy play significant roles in shaping worldviews, values, and epistemological approaches that underpin the development of scientific knowledge. The study employs a descriptive-analytical approach to explore the relationships among religion, philosophy, and science. Data is collected through a literature review encompassing relevant primary and secondary sources related to the research topic. Data analysis involves the collection, classification, and interpretation of pertinent information. The findings indicate that Islam exerts a strong influence on the development of scientific knowledge through moral perspectives, ethics, and views on the universe. Islam often provides a value framework that shapes the motivation and goals of research, influencing ethical decisions in scientific practices. On the other hand, philosophy also plays a crucial role in the development of scientific knowledge through studies of epistemology, logic, and research methods. Philosophy provides a theoretical and conceptual foundation supporting understanding, reasoning, and critical reflection in scientific practice. The interconnectedness of Islam, philosophy, and science reflects a dialogue and interaction between religious beliefs, rational philosophy, and empirical understanding. The integration of these aspects allows for the holistic development of scientific knowledge, combining spiritual, intellectual, and empirical aspects in the understanding and explanation of natural phenomena.
Vitamin B12 and folate deficiencies, elevated homocysteine and their roles in the biochemical basis of neuropsychiatric diseases in children and adolescents: Case series, review and recommendations
Authors: Esnafoglu Erman
Published: June 2024

Vitamin B12 and folate deficiencies can be frequently seen in children and adolescents and may manifest with neuropsychiatric symptoms. Vitamin B12 and folate deficiencies and the associated increase in homocysteine are related to one-carbon metabolism (OCM) and may play a role in the pathogenesis of childhood and adolescent psychiatric disorders.
Therefore, a case series and review on OCM will be presented here. Twelve cases with vitamin B12 and folate deficiency and increased homocysteine among those admitted to the child and adolescent psychiatry clinic were retrospectively examined. It was found that vitamin B12 and folate deficiency and increased homocysteine may cause depressive symptoms, anxiety disorders, obsessive compulsive disorder, anger control problems, self-harming behaviors, suicidal thoughts and attempts in children and adolescents.
According to these data, vitamin B12 and folate deficiency and the resulting increase in homocysteine may cause psychiatric symptoms in some children and adolescents. In addition, literature on OCM has been reviewed.
The diagnosis and treatment methods for vitamin B12 and folate deficiencies are summarized for clinicians.