bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Comparison of five different scoring methods in the evaluation of inflammatory infiltration (tumor‐infiltrating lymphocytes) in superficial spreading and nodular melanoma
Authors: Němejcová Kristýna , Tichá Ivana , Bártů Michaela , Kodet Ondřej , Důra Miroslav , Jakša Radek , Michálková Romana , Dundr Pavel
Published: December 2018

The objective of our study was to compare the five different scoring methods of tumor‐infiltrating lymphocytes (TILs) assessment in a group of 213 cases of superficial spreading and nodular melanoma. The scoring methods include (a) Clark scoring; (b) Melanoma Institute Australia system; (c) scoring system used in the study of Saldanha et al.; (d) scoring system used in the TCGA study and modified by Park et al.; and (e) the system recently proposed by the “International Immuno‐Oncology Biomarker Working Group” for TILs scoring in all solid tumors. Prediction of survival with three main outcomes—disease‐specific‐free survival, local recurrence‐free survival, and distant metastasis‐free survival—was evaluated. The prognostic value of TILs showed statistical significance in univariate analysis regarding all three of the outcomes only for three of the five evaluated methods; the Clark scoring, the Melanoma Institute Australia system, and the system proposed by the “International Immuno‐Oncology Biomarker Working Group”. However, in multivariate analysis with covariants including Breslow thickness, type of melanoma, location, sex, and age, we did not find TILs to be an independent prognostic factor.
The myelin protein PMP2 is regulated by SOX10 and drives melanoma cell invasion
Authors: Graf Saskia Anna , Heppt Markus Vincent , Wessely Anja , Krebs Stefan , Kammerbauer Claudia , Hornig Eva , Strieder Annamarie , Blum Helmut , Bosserhoff Anja‐Katrin , Berking Carola
Published: December 2018

The transcription factor sex determining region Y‐box 10 (SOX10) plays a key role in the development of melanocytes and glial cells from neural crest precursors. SOX10 is involved in melanoma initiation, proliferation, invasion, and survival. However, specific mediators which impart its oncogenic properties remain widely unknown. To identify target genes of SOX10, we performed RNA sequencing after ectopic expression of SOX10 in human melanoma cells. Among nine differentially regulated genes, peripheral myelin protein 2 (PMP2) was consistently upregulated in several cell lines. Direct regulation of PMP2 by SOX10 was shown by chromatin immunoprecipitation, electrophoretic mobility shift, and luciferase reporter assays. Moreover, a coregulation of PMP2 by SOX10 and early growth response 2 in melanoma cells was found. Phenotypical investigation demonstrated that PMP2 expression can increase melanoma cell invasion. As PMP2 protein was detected only in a subset of melanoma cell lines, it might contribute to melanoma heterogeneity.
Atypical presentation of necrobiosis lipoidica in a pediatric patient
Authors: Özkur Ezgi , Hasçiçek Seyhan Ö. , Altunay İlknur Kıvanç
Published: December 2018

Necrobiosis lipoidica (NL) is a rare chronic granulomatous inflammatory skin disease characterized by brownish‐red papules and yellowish plaques with atrophic centers, which usually affect the legs, bilaterally. The average age of onset is 30‐40 years, and there are very few reported cases of necrobiosis lipoidica in children. A nondiabetic girl aged 14 years presented to our clinic with a history of an asymptomatic, 7 × 5‐cm single red plaque over her back in the interscapular area, which had started 5 years ago. Her laboratory tests were normal. A histopathologic evaluation confirmed the diagnosis of NL, and local treatment with clobetasol propionate twice daily was administrated. The patient will be followed up to monitor plasma glucose levels and evaluation of the lesion. Herein, we report a pediatric patient without diabetes mellitus who had NL in an atypical location and review the literature in view of the clinical features, complications, and treatment regimens for NL in children.
A novel putative member of the family Benyviridae is associated with soilborne wheat mosaic disease in Brazil
Authors: Valente J. B. , Pereira F. S. , Stempkowski L. A. , Farias M. , Kuhnem P. , Lau D. , Fajardo T. V. M. , Nhani Junior A. , Casa R. T. , Bogo A. , da Silva F. N.
Published: December 2018

Soilborne wheat mosaic disease (SBWMD), originally attributed to infections by Soilborne wheat mosaic virus (SBWMV) and Wheat spindle streak mosaic virus (WSSMV), is one of the most frequent virus diseases and causes economic losses in wheat in southern Brazil. This study aimed to characterize molecularly the viral species associated with wheat plants showing mosaic symptoms in Brazil. Wheat leaves and stems displaying mosaic symptoms were collected from different wheat cultivars in Passo Fundo municipality, Rio Grande do Sul State, southern Brazil. Double‐stranded RNA was extracted and submitted to cDNA library synthesis and next‐generation sequencing. No sequences of SBWMV and WSSMV were detected but the complete genome sequence of a putative new member of the family Benyviridae was determined, for which the name wheat stripe mosaic virus (WhSMV) is proposed. WhSMV has a bipartite genome with RNA 1 and RNA 2 organization similar to that of viruses belonging to Benyviridae. WhSMV RNA 1 has a single open reading frame (ORF) encoding a polyprotein with putative viral replicase function. WhSMV RNA 2 has six ORFs encoding the coat protein, the major protein (read‐through), triple gene block movement proteins (TGB 1, 2 and 3) and ORF 6 (hypothetical protein). In addition to the genomic organization and nucleotide and amino acid sequence identities, phylogenetic analyses also corroborated that WhSMV is a virus species of the Benyviridae. However, isolates of WhSMV formed a clade distinct from members of the genus Benyvirus. It was also demonstrated that the plasmodiophorid Polymyxa graminis is associated with wheat roots showing SBWMD symptoms and infected by WhSMV.
The Impact of Forum Interdependence and Network Structure on Actor Performance in Complex Governance Systems
Authors: Mewhirter Jack , Berardo Ramiro
Published: December 2018

One of the main assumptions of the Ecology of Games Framework (EGF) is that governance processes are heavily affected by the interactions among policy actors that take place in multiple decision‐making forums, which often function interdependently. In this article, we use data collected in the Tampa Bay and California Delta water governance systems to examine how “biophysical interdependence”—the extent to which forums deal with interconnected policy problems—impacts the costs that actors face when they participate in forums, which in turn can affect their performance in them. Furthermore, we examine how the individual information exchange networks that actors have (i.e., their ego‐networks) can mediate the previous relationship. We find that actors with networks that have more closure are better able to mitigate the costs associated with participating in biophysically interdependent forums, thus leading to better in‐forum performance. Our findings shed new light on the relationship between structure and function in complex ecologies of games.
New insight into the diversity of exon and intron 5 regions of Oncorhynchus mykiss growth hormone (GH) gene: sexual dimorphism in the GH gene
Authors: Akbarialmajough Tahereh , Manaffar Ramin , Najdegerami Ebrahim H. , Bossier Peter
Published: December 2018

The growth in vertebrates is controlled by growth hormone (GH) gene which is a member of the somatotropin/prolactin family. In salmonids, a series of gene duplications is thought to have occurred in GH gene. In this family, the diversity in intron and exon regions of the GH gene is assumed to be not only in charge of a different growth rate but also in sex maturation. Due to the sex determination importance in salmonids, especially during early stages of development, in present study, an easy and accurate molecular marker was investigated for sex determination of Oncorhynchus mykiss fish using the diversity of the exon and intron 5 of GH gene. A pseudogene (GH‐ψ) copy of growth hormone gene was found on the Y chromosome which is in homology with type‐2 GH genes that can be used for sexual dimorphism of this species. This pseudogene was detected using a specific primer pairs combination using polymerase chain reaction (PCR) to select monosex female population. As recent findings suggest new functions of pseudogenes in the regulation of gene expression, it is believed that the putative gene could have an impact on GH expression in this species.
Impact of VAT Reform on Swedish Restaurants: A Synthetic Control Group Approach*
Authors: Falkenhall Björn , Månsson Jonas , Tano Sofia
Published: December 2018

In this paper, we investigate the impact on firms of the value added tax (VAT) reform that took effect in Sweden on 1 January 2012 for restaurant and catering services. Unlike previous research, we use a synthetic control group approach to construct our counterfactual. Our analysis shows that the VAT reduction had a positive effect on turnover, total wages, employment, profit margins, and net entry of firms. The effects of the reform tend to decrease over time. In all, the results point to an overall better performance for the restaurant industry compared with what it would have been in absence of the reform.
Physical function in older adults: Impacts of past and present physical activity behaviors
Authors: Edholm Peter , Nilsson Andreas , Kadi Fawzi
Published: December 2018

While physical activity (PA) may counteract age‐related functional decline and loss of independence at old age, to what extent physical function is influenced by past or present PA behaviors is currently unclear. Therefore, the aim of the study was to examine relationships between both past and present PA behaviors and components of physical function in older women. A physical function score based on the 6‐minute walk test, squat jump, and single‐leg‐stance balance was aggregated in 60 older women (65‐70 years). Present PA behavior was assessed by accelerometry (Actigraph) and past leisure‐time PA was self‐reported, where times in sports‐related activities and in walking were analyzed separately. Analysis of differences in physical function across tertiles of PA behaviors was adjusted by DXA‐derived fat mass. Physical activity level at present age and engagements in sports‐related activities before retirement age, excluding walking, were both associated (P < 0.05) to physical function. Time spent in PA of at least moderate intensity was associated with physical function (P < 0.05), whereas no corresponding relationships to either sedentary time or time in light intensity PA were observed. In conclusion, PA behaviors at present age and engagement in sports‐related activities performed during adulthood are both related to physical function in older women. Being physically active at old age infers beneficial effects on physical function, even in individuals with a past or present sedentary lifestyle, which supports public health efforts aiming at increasing daily time in PA of at least moderate intensity to preserve physical function in older women.
LF Bracketing Paradoxes: A New Account
Authors: Belk Zoë
Published: December 2018

Modified noun phrases likeheavy drinkerandhard workershow many of the same properties as bracketing paradoxes likenuclear physicist, but they seem to differ from the latter examples in important ways. This article argues thathard worker–type phrases should be analyzed as bracketing paradoxes where the syntactic structure is isomorphic to the PF structure, unlikenuclear physicist–type examples, where syntax and LF are isomorphic. I propose thathard worker–type paradoxes, orLF bracketing paradoxes, result from a process of rebracketing at LF, which can be seen as a type of movement. This movement, and indeed all movement, is constrained by a principle of Information Preservation, which ensures that certain aspects of structural information are not destroyed during movement. The result is an analysis that accurately captures the facts about bracketing paradoxes of both types in English and Dutch.
Changes in the epidemic of pulmonary tuberculosis in Shanghai from 1992 to 2016
Authors: Dong Sijia , Shen Xin , Xia Zhen , Li Xiangqun , Pan Qichao , Zhao Qi
Published: December 2018

Objective

To estimate whether WHO's End TB Strategy targets can be achieved by analysing the incidence trend of pulmonary tuberculosis in Shanghai during 1992–2016.

Method

The age‐adjusted annual incidence of tuberculosis (TB) was calculated based on data from the national TB registration system. Linear regression was applied to analyse the trend of the epidemic, together with the statistical indicator of annual percent change (APC).

Results

The overall age‐standardised rate decreased from 34.8/100 000 in 1992 to 21.2/100 000 in 2016, or by 2.15% (t = −13.258, P < 0.05) annually. After rapidly declining between 1999 and 2003 (−5.4% p.a.), the epidemic remained at a stable level with a lower annual declining rate (−1.1% p.a). In 2035, the estimated incidence will be 17.2/100 000 based on the APC in 2004–2016. There were two peaks in average incidence of the total population, 30.9/100 000 in the 20–24 age group and 66.4/100 000 in the 70–74 age group. Overall, the ratio of new to retreated cases continually rose and eventually reached 8.36:1 in 2016. The constituent ratio of smear‐positive cases ranged from 35.9% to 47.8% without rising or decreasing trend (P = 0.065).

Conclusion

The epidemic of TB in Shanghai has steadily declined during last two decades. A new strategy should be developed to rapidly reduce the incidence rate to achieve the WHO Goals in 2035.
Incompatible Graded Finite Elements for Analysis of Nonhomogeneous Materials
Authors: Rokaya Asmita , Kim Jeongho
Published: December 2018

A six-node incompatible graded finite element is developed and studied. Such element is recommended for use since it is more accurate than four-node compatible element and more efficient than eight-node compatible element in two-dimensional plane elasticity. This paper presents comparison between six-node incompatible (QM6) and four-node compatible (Q4) graded elements. Numerical solution is obtained from abaqus using UMAT capability of the software and exact solution is provided as reference for comparison. A graded plate with exponential and linear gradation subjected to traction and bending load is considered. Additionally, three-node triangular (T3) and six-node triangular (T6) graded elements are compared to QM6 element. Incompatible graded element is shown to give better performance in terms of accuracy and computation time over other element formulations for functionally graded materials (FGMs).
Determination of the Flow Stress–Strain Curves of Aluminum Alloy and Tantalum Using the Compressive Load–Displacement Curves of a Hat-Type Specimen
Authors: Lee Jae-Ha , Shin Hyunho , Kim Jong-Bong , Kim Ju-Young , Park Sung-Taek , Kim Gwang-Lyeon , Oh Kyeong-Won
Published: December 2018

The load–displacement curves of an aluminum alloy and tantalum were determined using a hat-type specimen in the compression test. Based on the results of finite element analysis, the employed geometry of the hat-type specimen was found to yield a load–displacement curve that is nearly independent of the friction between the specimen and the platen. The flow stress–strain curves of the alloy and tantalum were modeled using the Ludwik and Voce constitutive laws, respectively; furthermore, simulation of the compression event of the hat-type specimen was performed by assuming appropriate constitutive parameters. The constitutive parameters were varied via an optimization function built in matlab until the simulated load–displacement curves reasonably fit the experimental curve. The optimized constitutive parameters obtained in this way were then used to construct friction-free flow stress–strain curves of the two materials.
Flow and Pressure Variations Through Porous Filter During Soot Filtration and Regeneration
Authors: Yamamoto Kazuhiro , Komiyama Ryo , Sakai Tatsuya
Published: December 2018

To improve air pollution, we must reduce soot particulates in vehicle exhaust gas, which are inevitably harmful to the environment as well as to human health. Many countries are setting new regulations of nanoscale particle emission. Then, a ceramic porous filter such as diesel particulate filters (DPFs) has been developed. However, as more particles are trapped within their wall pores, the pressure difference (drop) across the filter increases. Resultantly, this situation could worsen the fuel efficiency, simultaneously with less torque. Usually, the filter regeneration process for particle oxidation inside the filter should be periodically needed. Thus, a filter with lower pressure drop would be preferable. In the current stage, the responses of the pressure drop during both particle filtration and oxidation are not fully understood. This is because these are the small-scale processes, and we cannot observe the internal physical phenomenon experimentally. In this paper, focusing on the exhaust flow with soot particles, the filtration was numerically simulated by a so-called lattice Boltzmann method (LBM). Here, the time-variation of the filter-back pressure was evaluated, which is important for the transport phenomena in the porous filter. For comparison, the pressure drop during the filter regeneration was also simulated to show the different pressure response affected by the soot oxidation zone.
Investigation on the Backlash of Roller Enveloping Hourglass Worm Gear: Theoretical Analysis and Experiment
Authors: Deng Xingqiao , Wang Jie , Wang Shike , Wang Shisong , Wang Jinge , Li Shuangcen , Liu Yucheng , He Ge
Published: December 2018

This paper proposes a single-roller enveloping hourglass worm gear design and verifies its advantages compared to the existing double-roller worm gear system and the conventional worm gear set. Our hypothesis is that the single-roller worm gear with appropriate configurations and parametric values can eliminate the backlash in mating gear transmission while maintaining advantages of the double-roller worm gears. Also, the self-rotation of the rollers when they are in the worm tooth space (TS) will help the gear system to avoid jamming and gear tooth scuffing/seizing problems caused by zero backlash and thermal expansion. In order to test that hypothesis, a mathematical model for the single-roller enveloping hourglass worm gear is developed, which includes a gear engagement equation and a tooth profile equation. Using that model, a parametric study is conducted to inspect the influences of center distance, roller radius, transmission ratio, and the radius of base circle on the worm gear meshing characteristics. It is found that the most effective way in eliminating the backlash is to adjust the roller radius and the radius of base circle. Finally, a single-roller enveloping hourglass worm gear set is manufactured and scanned to generate a 3D computer model. That model is compared with a theoretical model calculated from the developed mathematical model. Comparison results show that both models match very well, which verifies the accuracy of the developed mathematical model and our initial hypothesis that it is possible to achieve transmissions with zero backlash by adjusting the design parameters.
Silver-doped tin oxide for electrical property enhancement in p-type channel thin film transistor
Authors: Nguyen An Hoang-Thuy , Nguyen Manh-Cuong , Ji Hyungmin , Cheon Jonggyu , Yu Kyoungmun , Kim Jinhyun , Kim Sangwoo , Cho Seongyong , Choi Rino , Pham Hoai Phuong , Tran Quang Trung
Published: December 2018

Though tin oxide (SnO) is one of the strong candidates for p-type oxide semiconductor thin film transistors (TFTs), poor properties and a narrow window of deposition condition are obstacles for implementation. An Ag-doped Sn thin film was studied for the improvement of electrical performance of TFTs. SnO and Ag-doped SnO thin films were deposited by direct current magnetron sputtering as the channel for thin film transistors. The concentration of Ag doping was controlled by the amount of Ag pellets in the sputtering target preparation. A change in oxide states was observed in an Ag-doped SnO film, which can lead to the reduction of the Sn4+ oxide phase. Ag-doped SnO showed improvement of carrier mobility and concentration and resulted in improved electrical characteristics.
Near wall velocimetry on a rheometer
Authors: Giuliani Antonio , McKenzie Ruel , Loppinet Benoit
Published: December 2018

We present the principle and implementation of a novel in situ dynamic light scattering velocimetry on a commercial rheometer. The technique is based on total internal reflection at the bottom plate of a rheometer. The evanescent wave that penetrates a sub micrometer level into the sample enables the monitoring of the near wall (NW) dynamics under rheometric flow. Slip during shear is detected by measuring the NW velocity profile. We discuss how to extract the NW velocities from the measured autocorrelation functions, using Fourier transform analysis. The method was tested on a Newtonian fluid, colloidal dispersions, and polymer solutions. Stick boundary conditions were observed in the Newtonian fluid; the presence of strong slip was easily identified in viscoelastic colloidal suspensions; and polymer solutions were found to present weak slip. This high resolution NW velocimetry rheo-optical technique should prove valuable for a broad range of flowing materials.
It’s a Numbers Game: Change in the Frequency, Type, and Presentation Form of Statistics Used in NFL Broadcasts
Authors: Hahn Dustin A. , VanDyke Matthew S. , Cummins R. Glenn
Published: December 2018

Although scholars have examined numerous facets of broadcast sports, limited research has explored the use of statistics in these broadcasts. Reference to statistical summaries of athlete or team performance have long been a component of sport broadcasts, and for some viewers the rise of fantasy sport has led to even greater interest in quantitative measures of athlete or team performance. To examine the presence and nature of statistical references in sport broadcasts, this study examines National Football League telecasts over time to identify changes in the frequency, type, and presentation form of statistics. Findings revealed an emphasis on individual player statistics over team statistics, as well as an increase in on-screen graphics over time. The study also revealed a simultaneous decrease in statistical references relayed orally by broadcasters. These findings illustrate the importance of statistics as a storytelling tool, as well as reflecting technological innovations in sports broadcasting. In addition, they suggest a possible evolution in audience consumption habits and desires.
Men on the Move: A Randomized Controlled Feasibility Trial of a Scalable, Choice-Based, Physical Activity and Active Transportation Intervention for Older Men
Authors: Mackey Dawn C. , Perkins Alexander D. , Hong Tai Kaitlin , Sims-Gould Joanie , McKay Heather A.
Published: December 2018

We conducted Men on the Move, a 12-week randomized controlled feasibility trial of a scalable, choice-based, physical activity (PA) and active transportation intervention. Participants were community-dwelling men aged 60 years and older (n = 29 intervention [INT] and n = 29 waitlist control [CON]). Trained activity coaches delivered: (a) one-on-one participant consultations to develop personal action plans for PA and active transportation, (b) monthly group-based motivational meetings, (c) weekly telephone support, (d) complimentary recreation and transit passes, and (e) pedometers and diaries for self-monitoring. Men on the Move demonstrated high rates of recruitment, retention, and intervention adherence. INT chose a variety of group-based and individual PAs and destinations for their personal action plans. At 12 weeks, INT achieved more steps, moderate–vigorous PA, and energy expenditure than CON. INT was also more likely to take transit and meet national guideline levels of PA. At 24 weeks follow-up, INT benefits were sustained for moderate–vigorous PA and energy expenditure.
Qubit parity measurement by parametric driving in circuit QED
Authors: Royer Baptiste , Puri Shruti , Blais Alexandre
Published: December 2018

Large-scale quantum error correction is now more practical owing to novel method for qubit parity readout.
Polymeric vanadyl species determine the low-temperature activity of V-based catalysts for the SCR of NO

x

with NH
3
Authors: He Guangzhi , Lian Zhihua , Yu Yunbo , Yang Yang , Liu Kuo , Shi Xiaoyan , Yan Zidi , Shan Wenpo , He Hong
Published: December 2018

The coupling effect of polymeric vanadyl species greatly promotes the NH
3
-SCR de-NO

x

process over vanadia-based catalysts.
Evidence for solitonic spin excitations from a charge-lattice–coupled ferroelectric order
Authors: Sunami K. , Nishikawa T. , Miyagawa K. , Horiuchi S. , Kato R. , Miyamoto T. , Okamoto H. , Kanoda K.
Published: December 2018

NMR captures mobile spin solitons deconfined from a charge-lattice–coupled nonmagnetic ferroelectric order.
Solid electrolyte interphases for high-energy aqueous aluminum electrochemical cells
Authors: Zhao Qing , Zachman Michael J. , Al Sadat Wajdi I. , Zheng Jingxu , Kourkoutis Lena F. , Archer Lynden
Published: December 2018

An artificial solid electrolyte interphase on aluminum enables aqueous batteries with high specific energy and good reversibility.
In Vitro
Susceptibility Testing of Bedaquiline against Mycobacterium abscessus Complex
Authors: Brown-Elliott Barbara A. , Wallace Richard J.
Published: December 2018

We performed bedaquiline broth microdilution susceptibility testing using Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute (CLSI) guidelines on 104 nonduplicate isolates of
Mycobacterium abscessus
complex [
M. abscessus
subsp.
abscessus
(76);
M. abscessus
subsp.
Genetic and Transcriptomic Analyses of Ciprofloxacin-TolerantStaphylococcus aureusIsolated by the Replica Plating Tolerance Isolation System (REPTIS)
Authors: Matsuo Miki , Hiramatsu Miyu , Singh Madhuri , Sasaki Takashi , Hishinuma Tomomi , Yamamoto Norio , Morimoto Yuh , Kirikae Teruo , Hiramatsu Keiichi
Published: December 2018

We developed a simple, efficient, and cost-effective method, named thereplicaplatingtoleranceisolationsystem (REPTIS), to detect the antibiotic tolerance potential of a bacterial strain. This method can also be used to quantify the antibiotic-tolerant subpopulation in a susceptible population.
Induction of a Toxin-Antitoxin Gene Cassette under High Hydrostatic Pressure Enables Markerless Gene Disruption in the Hyperthermophilic Archaeon
Pyrococcus yayanosii
Authors: Song Qinghao , Li Zhen , Chen Rouke , Ma Xiaopan , Xiao Xiang , Xu Jun
Published: December 2018

Genetic manipulations in hyperthermophiles have been studied for over 20 years. However, the extremely high temperatures under which these organisms grow have limited the development of genetic tools. In this study, an HHP-inducible promoter was used to control the expression of a toxin. Compared to sugar-inducible and cold-shock-inducible promoters, the HHP-inducible promoter rarely has negative effects on the overall physiology and central metabolism of microorganisms, especially piezophilic hyperthermophiles. Previous studies have used auxotrophic strains as hosts, which may interfere with studies of adaptation and metabolism. Using an inducible toxin-antitoxin (TA) system as a counterselectable marker enables the generation of a markerless gene disruption strain without the use of auxotrophic mutants and counterselection with 5-fluoroorotic acid. TA systems are widely distributed in bacteria and archaea and can be used to overcome the limitations of high growth temperatures and dramatically extend the selectivity of genetic tools in hyperthermophiles.
Characterization of a Glycyl Radical Enzyme Bacterial Microcompartment Pathway in
Rhodobacter capsulatus
Authors: Schindel Heidi S. , Karty Jonathan A. , McKinlay James B. , Bauer Carl E.
Published: December 2018

BMCs are protein shells that are designed to compartmentalize enzymatic reactions that require either sequestration of a substrate or the sequestration of toxic intermediates. Due to their ability to compartmentalize reactions, BMCs have also become attractive targets for bioengineering novel enzymatic reactions. Despite these useful features, little is known about the biochemistry of newly identified classes of BMCs. In this study, we have undertaken genetic and
in vivo
metabolic analyses of the newly identified GRM3 gene cluster.
Pig Movement and Antimicrobial Use Drive Transmission of Livestock-Associated Staphylococcus aureus CC398
Authors: Smith Tara C. , Davis Meghan F. , Heaney Christopher D.
Published: December 2018

The epidemiology of methicillin-resistant
Staphylococcus aureus
has changed considerably over the last 3 decades, including the recognition of lineages associated with the community and with livestock exposure, in addition to nosocomial strains. A recent study by R.
Benefits of recording and reviewing neonatal resuscitation: the providers’ perspective
Authors: den Boer Maria C , Houtlosser Mirjam , Foglia Elizabeth E , Tan Ratna N G B , Engberts Dirk P , te Pas Arjan B
Published: December 2018

Objective

To assess benefits of recording and reviewing neonatal resuscitation as experienced by neonatal care providers.

Design

A qualitative study using semistructured interviews questioning neonatal care providers about their experiences with recording and reviewing neonatal resuscitation. Data were analysed using the qualitative data analysis software Atlas.ti V.7.0.

Setting

Neonatal care providers working at neonatal intensive care units (NICUs) of the Leiden University Medical Center, the Netherlands, and the University of Pennsylvania School of Medicine, USA, participated in this study.

Results

In total, 48 NICU staff members were interviewed. Reported experiences and attitudes are broadly similar for both NICUs. All interviewed providers reported positive experiences and benefits, with special emphasis on educational benefits. Recording and reviewing neonatal resuscitation is used for various learning activities, such as plenary review meetings and as tool for objective feedback. Providers reported to learn from reviewing their own performance during resuscitation, as well as from reviewing performances of others. Improved time perception, reflection on guideline compliance and acting less invasively during resuscitations were often mentioned as learning outcomes. All providers would recommend other NICUs to implement recording and reviewing neonatal resuscitation, as it is a powerful tool for learning and improving. However, they emphasised preconditions for successful implementation, such as providing information, not being punitive and focusing on the benefits for learning and improving.

Conclusion

Recording and reviewing neonatal resuscitation is considered highly beneficial for learning and improving resuscitation skills and is recommended by providers participating in it.
Reductions in final visual acuity occur even within the first 3 days after a macula-off retinal detachment
Authors: Greven Margaret A , Leng Theodore , Silva Ruwan Amila , Leung Loh-Shan Bryan , Karth Peter A , Moshfeghi Darius M , Sanislo Steven R , Schachar Ira H
Published: December 2018

Purpose

To determine if final visual acuity (VA) is affected by duration of macular detachment (DMD) within the first week of macula-off retinal detachment (RD).

Methods

This is a retrospective study of eyes that underwent repair within 7 days with vitrectomy or vitrectomy with scleral buckle for macula-off RD at Stanford University Hospital between 1 May 2007 and 1 May 2017. A generalised linear model was constructed using DMD, postoperative lens status, preoperative VA, patient age and surgeon as the independent variables and the final VA as the dependent variable. The main outcome measure was the final VA.

Results

Seventy-nine eyes met the entry criteria. Group 1 included 52 eyes with RD repaired within 3 days of DMD, and group 2 included 27 eyes repaired between 4 and 7 days of DMD. The average final VA in group 1 eyes was logarithm of the minimum angle of resolution (logMAR) 0.21 (Snellen 20/33) and in group 2 eyes was logMAR 0.54 (Snellen 20/69). In group 1 and group 2 eyes, preoperative VA (p=0.017and p=0.007), DMD (p=0.004 and p=0.041) and final lens status (p<0.0001 and p<0.001) predicted postoperative VA. Post-hoc analysis showed significant differences in final VA between detachments of 1day vs 3 days (p=0.0009).

Conclusion

DMD affects the final VA even among patients whose DMD is <3 days. Based on these results, interventions that shorten DMD, including those occurring within the first 3days, may result in improved long-term VA outcomes.
Socioeconomic inequalities in access to skilled birth attendance among urban and rural women in low-income and middle-income countries
Authors: Joseph Gary , da Silva Inácio Crochemore Mohnsam , Barros Aluísio J D , Victora Cesar G
Published: December 2018

Introduction

Rapid urbanisation is one of the greatest challenges for Sustainable Development Goals. We compared socioeconomic inequalities in urban and rural women’s access to skilled birth attendance (SBA) and to assess whether the poorest urban women have an advantage over the poorest rural women.

Methods

The latest available surveys (DemographicHealth Survey, Multiple Indicators Cluster Surveys) of 88 countries since 2010 were analysed. SBA coverage was calculated for 10 subgroups of women according to wealth quintile and urban-rural residence. Poisson regression was used to test interactions between wealth quintile index and urban-rural residence on coverage. The slope index of inequality (SII) and concentration index were calculated for urban and rural women.

Results

37 countries had surveys with at least 25 women in each of the 10 cells. Average rural average coverage was 72.8 % (ranging from 17.2% % in South Sudan to 99.9 % in Jordan) and average urban coverage was 80.0% (from 23.6% in South Sudan to 99.7% in Guyana. In 33 countries, rural coverage was lower than urban coverage; the difference was significant (p<0.05) in 15 countries. The widest urban/rural coverage gap was in the Central African Republic (32.8% points; p<0.001). Most countries showed narrower socioeconomic inequalities in urban than in rural areas. The largest difference was observed in Panama, where the rural SII was 77.1% points larger than the urban SII (p<0.001). In 31 countries, the poorest rural women had lower coverage than the poorest urban women; in 20 countries, these differences were statistically significant (p<0.05).

Conclusion

In most countries studied, urban areas present a double advantage of higher SBA coverage and narrower wealth-related inequalities when compared with rural areas. Studies of the intersectionality of wealth and residence can support policy decisions about which subgroups require special efforts to reach universal coverage.
DC cardioversion of atrial fibrillation and atrial flutter in the emergency department: improving specialist protocols for the generalist
Authors: Carpenter Alexander , Sargent Sabrina
Published: December 2018

Background

Direct current cardioversion (DCCV) is a safe and effective treatment for recent-onset atrial fibrillation (AF) or flutter and when performed in the emergency department (ED), it can provide an excellent treatment option for patients as well as reducing unnecessary hospital admissions and healthcare costs. However, appropriate periprocedural anticoagulation is absolutely essential to reduce the risk of adverse outcomes, chiefly thromboembolic stroke. Our intention was for 100% of patients undergoing DCCV in the ED to receive appropriate periprocedural anticoagulation.

Method

We aimed to assess local practice with regards to periprocedural anticoagulation with a 1-year retrospective audit. We then undertook to deliver a multimodality educational programme in addition to producing new local protocols. Stakeholders were engaged within the cardiology, emergency medicine and governance departments as well as trust quality improvement team. This was undertaken across three PDSA cycles with prospective data collection on a rolling monthly basis with the use of real-time run charts, fed back to the ED. Teaching was delivered on a small group, electronic as well as departmental level, and a new protocol was created and delivered to guide clinicians in the management of patients with AF or flutter.

Results

While initial rates of periprocedural anticoagulation were suboptimal (with only 72% of eligible patients anticoagulated), following our programme of continuous monitoring and intervention, this steadily rose over the project timeline, achieving a high of 91% at the point of last data collection.

Conclusion

We should champion the high number of these procedures carried out in the ED setting, a pressured environment with multiple competing challenges. However, local protocols should reflect best-practice guidance regarding decision-making around selecting rate versus rhythm control strategies, appropriate use of medication and eligibility for anticoagulation as per individualised thrombotic risk. This will allow us to deliver effective interventions in a safe, patient-centred approach.
Emergency medical services oxygen equipment: a fomite for transmission of MRSA?
Authors: Gibson Cody Vaughn
Published: December 2018

Objectives

The primary purpose of this study was to determine if methicillin-resistantStaphylococcus aureus(MRSA) was present on the surface of oxygen cylinders and regulators used in the prehospital setting and secondarily to assess other surfaces for MRSA within the ambulance compartment, as a comparison.

Methods

On 17 March 2018, the surface of oxygen cylinders and regulators located in ambulances at an emergency medical services (EMS) station in North Alabama (n=9) and at an offsite oxygen cylinder storage area (n=70) were swabbed using sterile cotton-tipped applicators saturated in an 0.9% NaCl solution. These cotton-tipped applicators were then streaked across the surface of HardyCHROM MRSA plates, followed by incubation at 36°C for 24 hours. The growth of pink or magenta colonies was considered a positive indication for the presence of MRSA. The motivation for assessing oxygen cylinders at the offsite storage area was to outline the persistence of MRSA on stored oxygen cylinders.

Results

Of nine oxygen cylinders tested in the ambulances, nine had MRSA colonisation (100%). MRSA was also present on 67 of 70 oxygen cylinders (96%) tested at the offsite oxygen cylinder storage area.

Conclusion

Oxygen cylinders appear to act as a fomite for MRSA. The development of universal disinfection protocols for oxygen equipment could help reduce the risk of patient infection due to cross-contamination.
Magnetic resonance with number states versus coherent states
Authors: Khaneja Navin
Published: December 2018

In this paper, we study the interaction of quantized radio-frequency (rf)/microwave-field with nuclear spin in Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (NMR) or electron spin in Electron Paramagnetic Resonance (EPR). In magnetic resonance experiments, interaction of quantized rf-field leads to entanglement of spin with the electromagnetic field. In an entangled state, the spins are depolarized with no net transverse magnetization, which cannot give a detectable signal in inductive detection (or Q detection) that detects transverse magnetization. We show that when the electromagnetic field is in coherent state, inductive detection becomes possible. We use the mathematics of quantum optics to study the evolution of a coherent rf-field with a sample of all polarized spins. We show that evolution can be solved in closed form as a separable state of rf-field and spin ensemble, where spin ensemble evolves according to Bloch equations in an rf-field. We extend the analysis and results to a spin ensemble with Boltzmann polarization. The rabi frequency and coupling strength of spins to rf-field depends on number state of the rf-field. We show that in interaction with a coherent rf-field, this variation in coupling strength introduces negligible error.
Locally nilpotent derivations of factorial domains
Authors: El Kahoui M’hammed , Ouali Mustapha
Published: December 2018

Let [Formula: see text] be factorial domains containing [Formula: see text]. In this paper, we give a criterion, in terms of locally nilpotent derivations, for [Formula: see text] to be [Formula: see text]-isomorphic to [Formula: see text], where [Formula: see text] is nonzero and [Formula: see text]. As a consequence, we retrieve a recent result due to Masuda [Families of hypersurfaces with noncancellation property, Proc. Amer. Math. Soc. 145(4) (2017) 1439–1452] characterizing Danielewski hypersurfaces whose coordinate ring is factorial. We also apply our criterion to the study of triangularizable locally nilpotent [Formula: see text]-derivations of the polynomial ring in two variables over [Formula: see text].
A Case of Recurrent Esophageal Cancer Treated with Concurrent Chemoradiation Therapy in Pregnancy
Authors: Yamada Kaori , Chigusa Yoshitsugu , Nomura Motoo , Sakanaka Katsuyuki , Nakamura Mitsuhiro , Yano Shinsuke , Tsunoda Shigeru , Kondoh Eiji , Mandai Masaki
Published: December 2018

Esophageal cancer rarely coincides with pregnancy, and only five cases have been reported thus far. The management of esophageal cancer during pregnancy is extremely challenging due to its aggressive nature. We herein report a case of recurrent esophageal cancer in pregnancy. A 41-year-old multigravida with a history of esophageal squamous cell cancer treated with esophagectomy and perioperative chemotherapy was diagnosed with local recurrent carcinoma of the residual esophagus at 16 weeks of gestation. The patient strongly desired to continue the pregnancy, and concurrent chemoradiation therapy (CRT) consisting of 50.4 Gy of radiation, cisplatin, and 5-fluorouracil was carried out from 19 weeks of gestation. CRT was dramatically effective, and the recurrent lesion disappeared. At 38 weeks of gestation, she underwent cesarean section and delivered a healthy female baby. Both maternal and fetal courses were satisfactory, and the patient has been free of disease for 12 months. This is the first case of recurrent esophageal cancer in pregnancy in which CRT was completed without reducing treatment intensity and led to a complete response. Nevertheless, little is known regarding the safety and possible adverse effects of CRT on the fetus. Therefore, deliberate selection of patients and long-term follow-up of the child are necessary.
Multicolour In Vivo Bioluminescence Imaging Using a NanoLuc‐Based BRET Reporter in Combination with Firefly Luciferase
Authors: Taylor Arthur , Sharkey Jack , Plagge Antonius , Wilm Bettina , Murray Patricia
Published: December 2018

The ability to track the biodistribution and fate of multiple cell populations administered to rodents has the potential to facilitate the understanding of biological processes in a range of fields including regenerative medicine, oncology, and host/pathogen interactions. Bioluminescence imaging is an important tool for achieving this goal, but current protocols rely on systems that have poor sensitivity or require spectral decomposition. Here, we show that a bioluminescence resonance energy transfer reporter (BRET) based on NanoLuc and LSSmOrange in combination with firefly luciferase enables the unambiguous discrimination of two cell populations in vivo with high sensitivity. We insert each of these reporter genes into cells using lentiviral vectors and demonstrate the ability to monitor the cells’ biodistribution under a wide range of administration conditions, including the venous or arterial route, and in different tissues including the brain, liver, kidneys, and tumours. Our protocol allows for the imaging of two cell populations in the same imaging session, facilitating the overlay of the signals and the identification of anatomical positions where they colocalise. Finally, we provide a method for postmortem confirmation of the presence of each cell population in excised organs.
Magnesium Sulfate as Adjuvant in Prehospital Femoral Nerve Block for a Patient with Diaphysial Femoral Fracture: A Randomized Controlled Trial
Authors: Jebali Chawki , Kahloul Mohamed , Hassine Nesrine Ibn , Jaouadi Mohamed Aymen , Ferhi Fehmi , Naija Walid , Chebili Naoufel
Published: December 2018

Introduction. Prehospital management of traumatic pain is commonly based on morphine while locoregional analgesia techniques, especially the femoral nerve block (FNB), can be safely and efficiently used. Adjuvants uses can reduce local anesthetic doses and decrease their related risk. The aim of the study was to assess the analgesic effect of magnesium sulfate when used as an adjuvant in prehospital FNB. Methods. This is a randomized double-blinded trial conducted in a prehospital medical department of an academic hospital. Patients with isolated diaphysial femoral fracture and eligible to participate were randomized into 2 groups. Group C had a FNB with 15 ml of lidocaine with epinephrine (300 mg) and 3 ml of normal saline solution. Group I had a FNB with 15 ml of lidocaine with epinephrine (300 mg) and 3 ml of MgS 15% (450 mg). The FNB was performed according to the WINNIE technique. Primary endpoints were morphine consumption and pain intensity during the first 6 hours. Secondary endpoints were the duration of the sensory block, time to the first analgesic request, and side effects occurrence. Results. Twenty-four patients were enrolled in each group. Both groups were comparable according to demographic characteristics, initial pain scores, and vital constants. In group I, morphine requirements were significantly lower (2 ± 2 mg versus 5 ± 3 mg, p<10−3), analgesic onset was significantly faster, and the average time to the first analgesic request was longer (276 ± 139 min versus 160 ± 79 min, p<10−3). The average duration of sensory block was longer in group I (226 ± 64 min versus 116 ± 70 min p<10−3). No side effects were recorded. Conclusion. Magnesium sulfate should be considered as an efficient and safe adjuvant to lidocaine in prehospital FNB. This trial is registered with (NCT03597945).
Sulfonamide Residues: Honey Quality in the Czech Market
Authors: Dluhošová Sandra , Borkovcová Ivana , Kaniová Lenka , Vorlová Lenka
Published: December 2018

In this study, we determined four sulfonamide compounds (sulfadiazine, sulfadoxine, sulfamethoxazole, and sulfathiazole) in honey marketed in the Czech Republic (Brno). The content of these compounds was monitored in 50 honeys with different botanical and geographical origin. Preanalytical treatment included acidic hydrolysis with 10% trichloroacetic acid (TCA) and double extraction with acetonitrile and dichloromethane. Chromatographic analysis was performed by ultraperformance liquid chromatography with tandem mass spectrometry (UPLC-MS/MS) using a triple quadrupole (QqQ) in positive ionization mode (ESI+). For separation, the mobile phase was a 0.05% aqueous solution of formic acid (A) and 0.05% formic acid in methanol (B) with a gradient elution of 0–3 minutes: 10% B; 3–3.6 min: 90% B; and 3.6–5 min: 10% B, flow rate 0.30 ml/min. Three positive samples (6%) were found containing sulfadiazine (232.88 and 618.87 μg/kg) and sulfamethoxazole (62.64 μg/kg). According to the country of origin, two of these honeys were from European Union (EU) countries, and one was labeled as a blend of honey from EU and non-EU countries.
Primary Carcinoid Tumor of the Testis: A Case Report and Review of the Literature
Authors: Abou Zahr Rawad , Chalhoub Khalil , Mansour Elias , Chouairy Camil , Ghazal Georges , Nohra Joe
Published: December 2018

Carcinoid tumors usually arise in the gastrointestinal tract. Immunocytohistochemical and radiologic studies are important in detecting the primary tumor site. Primary carcinoid tumors of the testis are particularly rare with a high malignant potential warranting long-term follow-up. We present the case of a primary carcinoid tumor of the testis with long-term surveillance.