Prevalensi Keluhan Otot Rangka dan Tingkat Produktivitas Subyektif pada Karyawan Marketing Online
Authors: Auditya Purwandini Sutarto  , Nailul Izzah  , Zahrotul Farda  
Published: July 2023

Intisari— Pekerja penjualan online merupakan salah satu tulang punggung penjualan produk melalui e-commerce yang saat ini berkembang sangat pesat. Karakteristik pekerja marketing online dapat dikategorikan sebagai office work yang berhubungan erat dengan interaksi antara pekerja dengan komponen dalam stasiun kerja meliputi meja/bangku kerja, kursi, monitor, mouse, keyboard, dan telepon, faktor psikososial. Pekerja menghabiskan sebagian besar waktu dalam posisi duduk di depan komputer yang berkaitan dengan resiko munculnya keluhan otot rangka atau musculoskeletal disorders (MSDs). Penelitian ini bertujuan mengetahui tingkat keluhan nyeri otot, penilaian faktor resiko postur kerja, dan tingkat produktivitas individu secara subyektif. Penelitian ini bersifat deskriptif cross-sectional dengan subyek 30 pekerja sales online (total sampling) di PT X, suatu industri busana muslim skala menengah di kota Gresik. Pengukuran tingkat keluhan MSD secara subyektif dilakukan dengan kuesioner Nordic Body Map , penilaian faktor resiko postur kerja menggunakan Rapid Office Strain Assessment (ROSA), dan tingkat produktivitas individu  dengan Individual Work Performance Questionnaire (IWPQ). Hasil penelitian menunjukkan pekerja melaporkan tingkat keluhan otot rangka secara subyektif mencapai lebih dari 50% pada satu tahun dan tujuh hari terakhir pada anggota tubuh bagian atas yang meliputi leher, bahu, punggung atas, dan punggung bawah. Skor ROSA akhir 7-9 mengindikasikan perlu perbaikan segera. Adapun tingkat laporan diri  produktivitas individu secara umum cukup baik. Namun demikian, pekerja yang mengalami keluhan di bagian tubuh tertentu cenderung melaporkan tingkat produktivitas lebih rendah dibandingkan mereka yang tidak mengalami.  Usulan perbaikan yang dapat dilakukan mencakup perbaikan fasilitas kerja dan organisasi kerja seperti pengaturan waktu istirahat, peregangan, dan ergonomi partisipatori.

Abstract— Online sales people play pivotal roles in the success of the product sales through rapidly growing e-commerce business. Their types of work have been characterized by office work which correlate with the interactions among workers and the components of their workstations, including table/desk, chair, monitor, mouse, keyboard, telephone, and psychosocial factors. Working hours were mostly spent sedentary in front of computers which have been related with some musculoskeletal disorders (MSDs) factors. This study aims to evaluate the prevalence of MSDs, risk factors for MSDS, and self-report individual productivity. This study employed a cross-sectional design, recruiting 30 online sales participants (total sampling) from a medium scale of muslim fashion industry in Gresik. The questionnaire included Standardized Nordic questionnaire for musculoskeletal disorders, Rapid Office Strain Assessment (ROSA) for identifying risk factors, and Individual Work Performance Questionnaire (IWPQ) for self-reported productivity. We found that more than 50% of workers experienced musculoskeletal symptoms in upper body parts including neck, shoulder, upper back, and lower back during the last 12 months and previous seven days periods. The ROSA final scores were found 7-9, categorized as high risk which requires immediate adjustment. Meanwhile, on average, self-reported individual productivity was relatively good. Nevertheless, those who experienced any symptoms were more likely to report lower individual productivity than their counterparts. We propose several improvements which consists of re-designing work facilities and work organizations such as micro rest-break arrangement, strecthing, and participatory ergonomics.