bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The association between deficiency of nutrient intake on resting metabolic rate (RMR) in overweight and obese women: a cross-sectional study
Authors: Sajjadi Seyedeh Forough , Mirzababaei Atieh , Abdollahi Afsoun , Shiraseb Farideh , Mirzaei Khadijeh -
Published: November 2020

Background: The double burden of malnutrition is an emerging public health concern nowadays which a correlation with Obesity. The aim of this study was to examine the relationship between resting metabolic rate (RMR) and dietary intake of zinc, vitamin C, and riboflavin based on Nutrient Adequacy Ratios (NAR) in overweight and obese women.Methods: We enrolled 293 overweight and obese women in this cross-sectional study. BMI, body fat mass, fat-free mass, insulin level were assessed. RMR was measured using indirect calorimetry. NAR was measured by calculating the ratio of daily individual intakes to the standard recommended amounts.Results: the RMR/FFM showed a significant association with riboflavin (β=1.59; 95% CI: 1.04-23.26, P=0.04) and zinc (β=0.78; 95% CI: 1.04-4.61, P=0.03) in the crude model. Moreover, differences in vitamin C and RMR/FFM was marginal significant (β=0.75; 95% CI: 0.95-4.77, P=0.06). After adjust for confounders the riboflavin association change to marginal significance (β=1.52; 95% CI: 0.91-23.04, P=0.06). After controlling for potential confounders, the associations change between zinc and RMR/FFM (β=0.66; 95% CI: 0.78-4.86, P=0.15) and between RMR/FFM and vitamin C (β=0.48; 95% CI: 0.66-3.96, P=0.28).Conclusion: Our study showed a significant association between dietary intake of zinc, riboflavin, and vitamin C and change in RMR/FFM in overweight and obese women.
Vitamin A5/X, a new food to lipid hormone concept for a nutritional ligand to control RXR-mediated signaling
Authors: Krezel Wojciech , Rivas Aurea , Szklenar Monika , Ciancia Marion , Alvarez Rosana , Lera Angel R. de , Rühl Ralph
Published: November 2020

Background: Vitamin A is a family of derivatives synthesized from carotenoids acquired from the diet and can be converted in animals to bioactive forms essential for life. The vitamin A1 (all-trans-retinol / ATROL) and provitamin A1 (all-trans-β,β-carotene / ATBC) are precursors of all-trans-retinoic acid acting as a ligand for the retinoic acid receptors. The contribution of ATROL and ATBC to formation of 9-cis-13,14-dihydroretinoic acid (9CDHRA), the only endogenous retinoid acting as retinoid X receptor ligand remains unknown. Methods: Novel and well know retinoids and carotenoids were synthesized via organic chemical synthesis. Further, novel and well know retinoids / carotenoids were administered to in vitro oligodendrocyte cell culture and to in vivo oral supplemented mice with following HPLC-MS / UV-Vis based metabolomic evaluation of these administered retinoids / carotenoids. In addition, working memory analyses were performed in a mouse study. Results: In this study, we show that ATROL and ATBC are at best only weak and non-selective precursors of 9CDHRA. Instead, we identify 9-cis-13,14-dihydroretinol (9CDHROL) and 9-cis-13,14-dihydro-β,β-carotene (9CDHBC) as novel direct nutritional precursors of 9CDHRA, which are present endogenously in humans and the human food chain matrix. We also propose that the endogenous carotenoid 9-cis-β,β-carotene (9CBC) can also act as weak, indirect precursor of 9CDHRA via hydrogenation to 9CDHBC and further metabolism to 9CDHROL and/or 9CDHRA.Conclusion: In summary, since classical vitamin A1 is not an efficient 9CDHRA precursor, we conclude that this group of molecules constitutes as a new class of vitamin or a new independent member of the vitamin A family, named “Vitamin A5/X”.
Effects of Shaoyao-Gancao-Fuzi Decoction on the Pharmacokinetics of CYP3A4-Mediated Tofacitinib in Rats
Authors: Lin Li , Wang Yuan , Shao Sennan , Lin Wen , Huang Dan , Pan Ronghua , Xia Yufeng
Published: November 2020

Background: The combination of traditional Chinese medicine and western medicine is commonly accepted in clinics in China. Shaoyao-Gancao-Fuzi decoction (SGFD) has been extensively used to dispel wind, eliminate dampness and treat paralysis. Tofacitinib is approved for the treatment of rheumatoid arthritis. SGFD and tofacitinib could be used together for the treatment of rheumatoid arthritis.Methods: A cocktail approach was employed to assess the effects of SGFD on the activities of CYP450s. After pretreatment for 2 weeks with SGFD, a cocktail solution was given to rats 24 h after the last dose of saline or SGFD. Additionally, the pharmacokinetic profiles of oral administration of tofacitinib in rats, with or without SGFD pre-treatment were investigated.Results: The results showed that SGFD could induce the activity of CYP1A2 and inhibit the activity of CYP3A4. Furthermore, SGFD could significantly affect the pharmacokinetics of tofacitinib. Compared with control group, the AUC0-∞ of tofacitinib was increased from 13669.53 ± 4986.83 to 28706.69 ± 9563.13 ng/mL*h (p < 0.01), and the Cmax was increased from 8359.66 ± 1512.22 to 11332.51 ± 2791.90 ng/mL (p < 0.05).Conclusions: The system exposure of tofacitinib was increased by SGFD. The mechanism might be through inhibiting the activity of CYP3A4 and reducing the metabolism of tofacitinib in rats. The study will provide better guidance for the safe clinical use of SGFD and tofacitinib.
Differentiating Curculigo Orchioides Rhizoma and Curculigo glabrescens Rhizoma by a Unique New Compound
Authors: Liu Yu-shi , Guo Yi-ping , Liu Juan-ru , Bao Xiao-hong , Zhou Juan , Pan Jia , Liu Fei , Liu Juan , Wu Zhong , Guo Li
Published: November 2020

Background: Market research found that Curculigo glabrescens Rhizoma (CGR) is the major counterfeit of the Curculigo orchioides Rhizoma (COR). C. orchioides Gaertn and C. glabrescens (Ridl.) Merr. belong to the same family and genus, with close plant relationships and high genetic similarity, and rhizomes of the herbs part have less distinguished characteristics, which make the identification difficult.Methods: In order to distinguish COR from CGR more accurately and conveniently, HPLC method was used to establish a characteristic chromatogram of the two herbs, and a unique component in CGR was discovered for first time. Based on that, the characteristic component was systematically separated and purified.Results: The unique component was a new neolignans and named glabrescenin, which could specifically distinguish COR from CGR. The HPLC method we used could establish a characteristic chromatography of CGR.Conclusion: This study was conducive to the quality control of Curculigo, and could promote the correct application of genuine COR in clinical practice.
Ecological Perturbations Impact Species-Specific Gene Expression of the Oral Microbiota
Authors: Belstrøm Daniel , Constancias Florentin , Drautz-Moses Daniela I , Schuster Stephan C , Veleba Mark , Mahé Frédéric , Givskov Michael
Published: November 2020

Background: The purpose of the present investigation was to use the oral cavity as an in-vivo model to study the impact of internal and external perturbations on bacterial biofilm communities. We tested the hypotheses that bacterial gene expression of the healthy microbiota reflects habituation to site-specific ecological perturbations, and that the perturbation effect of chronic inflammation, i.e. periodontitis, impacts bacterial gene expression not only locally, but also at other sites of the oral cavity. Oral microbial samples were collected from three oral sites – plaque, tongue and saliva from patients with periodontitis and healthy controls. Paired metagenomics and metatranscriptomics were used to perform concomitant characterization of taxonomic composition and to determine species specific bacterial activity as expressed by the ratio of messenger RNA to the corresponding genomic DNA.Results: Here we show the impact of two perturbations – oral site and periodontitis - on bacterial gene expression of the oral microbiota. The oral site was the main determinant of taxonomic composition as well as bacterial gene expression. However, bacterial activity at the three oral sites (plaque, tongue, and saliva) was significantly impacted by periodontitis, with a reduction of the carbohydrate metabolism.Conclusions: Data from the present study characterize the impact of two perturbations – oral site and periodontitis - on bacterial gene expression of the oral microbiota. The oral site was the main determinant of taxonomic composition as well as bacterial gene expression. However, presence of periodontitis had impact on bacterial activity of both plaque but also on tongue and the salivary microbiota. Collectively, data suggest that periodontitis associates with impaired carbohydrate metabolism of the oral microbiota. Future longitudinal and interventional studies are warranted to evaluate the potential pathogenic role of impaired bacterial carbohydrate metabolism not only in periodontitis, but also in other diseases with low grade inflammation, such as type 2 diabetes mellitus.
Co-transplantation of Hypoxia Pretreated Human Adipose Derived Mesenchymal Stem Cells and Cord Blood Mononuclear Cells to Treat Rats with Acute Myocardial Infarction
Authors: Xiang Hang , Xiang Tianyuan , Zhang Hongxia , Xu Ann , Horwedel Matthew John , Zeng Qiang , Li Yang
Published: November 2020

BackgroundHuman adipose derived mesenchymal stem cells (ASCs) are ideal candidates for the treatment of acute myocardial infarction (AMI), due to their favorable availability and regenerative potential. However, in vivo studies showed that ASCs are not resilient at the infarcted area, for a shortage of blood and oxygen supply. Hypoxic pretreatment was proven to be an effective way to enhance cell survival in ischemic atmosphere. Moreover, co-transplantation of stem cells was another promising strategy to improve cardiac function after transplantation. So, we hypothesized that hypoxic pretreated ASCs combined with proangiogenic cord blood mononuclear cells (CBMNCs) would promote treatment efficacy after co-transplantation.MethodsASCs extracted from male volunteer were preconditioned in hypoxic condition (HP-ASC) for 24h, and total RNA were extracted after that. Gene expressions were compared between HP-ASC and ASC. Then, we transplanted stem cells to female Wistar rats which divided into different groups: (1) HP-ASCs group (n=10, 1x106ASCs); (2) HP-ASCs + CBMNCs group (n=10, 0.5×106 ASCs+0.5×106 CBMNCs); (3) CBMNCs group (n=10, 1×106 ASCs); (4) Control group (n=10, 40μL PBS); (5) Sham group (n=10). Echocardiogram was performed before (0d) and after (30d) after cell transplantation. Hearts were harvested at 30d to analyze the infarct size, myocardium apoptosis, stem cells viability and angiogenesis. ResultsIn vitro study showed that HP-ASCs had a wide range of paracrine function, with the incretion growth factors and their receptors, which would support the cell survivals. In addition, HP-ASCs also gained potentials in hypoxic adaptation (increased expression of HO-1 and SDF-1), as well as homing and immigrating abilities (CXCR4, ICAM-1 and ICAM-2). In vivo studies showed that, 30 days after transplantation in AMI rats, the HP-ASCs group had a better improvement in cardiac function; reduction of the infarct size; and decrease of ASCs death than the other groups (HP-ASCs > HP-ASCs + CBMNCs ≧ CBMNCs > PBS) (p<0.05). However, the combined group of HP-ASCs and CBMNCs had more significant angiogenesis than the other groups (HP-ASCs + CBMNCs > CBMNCs > HP-ASCs > PBS) (p <0.05).ConclusionsHP-ASCs alone had a greater potential in improving cardiac function in AMI rats. However, the combination of HP-ASCs and CBMNCs had a better result in angiogenesis.
Data-driven versus theory-driven methods to understand health service implementation problems: A case study of childhood vaccination barriers
Authors: Bonner Carissa , Tuckerman Jane , Kaufman Jessica , Costa Daniel , Durrheim David N , Trevena Lyndal , Thomas Susan , Danchin Margie
Published: November 2020

BackgroundEffective implementation requires identifying and addressing behavioural barriers to uptake. This study aimed to compare data-driven and theory-driven approaches to understanding implementation issues. We used childhood vaccination coverage as a case study, with international relevance and wide-ranging barriers contributing to low vaccine uptake.MethodsThe study utilised the Behaviour Change Wheel framework, which incorporates both individual and system level barriers to behaviour, and is based on several levels of theory: the three components of the COM-B model (capability, opportunity and motivation) can be mapped to the 14 domains of the Theoretical Domains Framework (TDF), which is based on 84 underlying constructs. We first conducted a review of systematic reviews of parent-level barriers to childhood vaccination. Subsequently we: 1) inductively coded these barriers into a data-driven framework, using thematic analysis; and 2) conducted theory-driven mapping of these barriers to TDF domains and constructs. Coding and mapping were undertaken by two authors independently, and discrepancies were resolved through discussion. The data-driven and theory-driven results were compared.ResultsThe data-driven process coded 583 descriptions of barriers identified from the literature into a framework of 74 barriers in 6 categories. The initial definitions used to compare data-driven barriers with theory-driven domains/constructs led to 89% agreement at the domain level. Resolving discrepancies required further definitions at the construct level. Of the 14 TDF domains, 10 were clearly identified in the data from the barrier reviews. Some domains were not specific enough to differentiate between types of barriers (e.g. Environmental Context and Resources), while other domains were not represented in the review data (e.g. Behavioural Regulation).ConclusionsUsing both data- and theory-driven approaches can help achieve a more comprehensive understanding of barriers to health service implementation. The data-driven categories represented the review data in a clearer way than the theoretical domains, with better differentiation; but the missing domains were useful as a way to identify additional issues to investigate further. Both approaches resulted in a comprehensive list of barriers to vaccination that would not have been achieved using either approach alone. This will inform a diagnostic tool to measure the causes of under-vaccination.
Invasive Mechanical Ventilation May Be an Important Factor of Mortality in Severe/Critical COVID-19 Pneumonia: A Retrospective Cohort Study
Authors: Wei Jing , Shi Lei , Cheng Zhi , Jin Xinye , Zhao Wei , Li Ruyou , Zheng You , Peng Zhihang , Niu Changming , Huang Tingrong , Ji Ningfei , Huang Mao , Chen Xiaolin , Yan Jiaxin , Wu Mingjing , Deng Kaili , Shu Lei , Wang Xueli , Cao Yang , Feng Ganzhu
Published: November 2020

Background: Many of severe COVID-19 patients are admitted to the hospital or even to the Intensive Care Unit(ICU). The present study was aimed to investigated the risk factors in death from COVID-19.Methods: In this retrospective study, all inpatients confirmed severe or critical COVID-19 from two tertiary hospital in Huangshi were included, who had been discharged or died by March19,2020. Demographic,clinical,treatment,laboratory data and information were extracted from electronic medical records and compared between survivors group and non-survivors group. The univariable and multivariable logistic regression analysis was used to analyze the risk factors associated with in-hospital death.Results: 81 patients were included in this study, of whom 55 were discharged and 26 died in hospital. In all patients, 36(44.4%) patients had comorbidity, including hypertension(27[33.3%]), diabetes(11[13.6%]) and coronary heart disease (CHD)(11[13.6%]), and 16(19.8%) patients accompanied with more than 2 kinds of underlying diseases. The proportion of CHD in non-survivors group was significantly higher than that in survivors group(26.9% vs 7.3%, P=0.032), but there were no differences in hypertension, diabetes and COPD between the non-survivors group and the survivors group. Multivariable logistic regression analysis showed increasing odds of in-hospital death associated with aspartate aminotransferase(AST) and invasive mechanical ventilation (IMV) (P<0.001)(P=0.017）.Conclusions: Invasive Mechanical Ventilation may contribute to mortality of severe/critical COVID-19 pneumonia, and with higher AST at admission was one of the indicators of poor prognosis.Trial registration: Chinese Clinical Trial Registration; ChiCTR2000031494; Registered 02 April 2020; http://www.medresman.org
HIF-1α Promotes Hepatocellular Carcinoma Metastasis by Regulating Angiogenesis and Epithelial-Mesenchymal Transition
Authors: Yao Min , Wang Li , Chen Xiyu , Chen Ying , Yang Jie , Wang Defeng , Wu Wei , yao dengfu
Published: November 2020

Background: Invasion and metastasis of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) still remain to be hard in medical society. However, little knowledge is known regarding the hypoxia impact in HCC with angiogenesis and epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT). The aims of this study were to explore the regulating roles of hypoxia-inducible factor-1α (HIF-1α) in angiogenesis and EMT of HCC. Method: The levels of HIF-1α, angiopoietin-2 (Ang-2), and vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) expression in a cohort of chronic liver diseases were detected by enzyme- linked immunosorbent assays, and their dynamic up-regulations were confirmed in model of rat hepatocyte malignant transformation. After HIF-1α gene transfected with specific miRNA, biological behaviors of HCC cells were analyzed by transwell or invasion assay; angiogenesis and EMT were analyzed at protein level by Western blot or at mRNA by quantitative real-time PCR. Results: The levels of circulating HIF-1α, VEGF, and Ang-2 in the HCC group (145.6 ± 32.6 μg/L, 458.9 ± 125.3 μg/L, and 42.9 ± 5.1μg/L) were significantly higher (P < 0.001) than those in the LC (79.5 ± 8.4 μg/L, 206.8 ± 56.8 μg/L, and 26.2 ± 6.1 μg/L) or the CH (60.1 ± 18.8 μg/L, 178.1 ± 85.4 μg/L, and 21.8 ± 6.9 μg/L) group, respectively. Dynamic up-regulations of HIF-1α and angiogenic factors have been confirmed by rat model with hepatocyte malignant transformation. There were closely positive correlations (P < 0.001) between them of HIF-1α and VEGF or Ang-2. After HCC cells transfected with specific HIF-1α-miRNA, the levels of HIF-1α, VEGF and Ang-2 expression were significantly down-regulated, with inhibiting infiltration or migration, blockading EMT with increasing E-cadherin and decreasing of snail, twist and vimentin. Conclusions: HIF-1α over-expression could promote the metastasis or invasion of HCC via regulating neovascularization and EMT formation.
miR-9-5p Promotes β-Catenin-Activated Epithelial-To-Mesenchymal Transition of Triple-Negative Breast Cancer Via Targeting LZTS2
Authors: Zhang Jie , Zhang Lina , Wang Jianlong , Zhao Jing , Zhao Xuelian , Zhang Chunli , Han Peng , Geng Cuizhi
Published: November 2020

The authors have requested that this preprint be removed from Research Square.
Silencing LINC00657 Inhibited the Malignant Biological Behaviors of Glioma by Interaction with PUM2 to Facilitate NANOS3 mRNA Degradation
Authors: Wang Lin , Mei CuiZhu , He Fang , Xu Hao
Published: November 2020

Background: Molecular-targeted therapy exerts a crucial influence on the combined treatment of glioma. LncRNA (Long noncoding RNA) exerts an influence on regulating glioma progression. This current study aiming at unveiling the feasible roles and molecular mechanism of LINC00657 in glioma.Methods: Cell Counting Kit-8 (CCK-8), Transwell, flow cytometry, RNA pull-down assays, and RNA Immunoprecipitation (RIP) were utilized to elucidate the interactions betwixt LINC00657 and PUM2 (Pumilio RNA binding family member 2). Results: Silenced LINC00657 attenuated the migration and proliferation of glioma cells as well as promoted cell apoptosis. In the meanwhile, LINC00657 downregulation diminished its binding to PUM2, also intensified the binding of NANOS3 mRNA and PUM2, consequently facilitating the degradation of NANOS3 mRNA. In nude mice, the xenograft tumor growth could be remarkably attenuated owing to the silencing of LINC00657 together with the overexpression of PUM2.Conclusions: LINC00657/PUM2/ NANOS3 pathway exerts a crucial influence on modulating the biological behavior of glioma cells.
MiR-21-3p Promotes Hepatocellular Carcinoma Progression Through Regulating Smad7/Yap1
Authors: Hong Yinghui , Wang Dan , Ye Mingliang , Wang Chun , Luo Jie , Liu Jialiang , Liu Jing , Zhao Qiu , Chang Ying
Published: November 2020

BackgroundHepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) remains the global burden due to its high prevalence and mortality. Emerging evidence confirms that microRNAs (miRNAs) play a vital role in cancer initiation and progression. MiRNAs are widely involved in the regulation of signaling pathways by targeting downstream genes. MiR-21-3p as a liver-enriched miRNA has not been fully investigated. Abnormal activation of TGF-β transduction pathway promoted by deletion of Smad7 matters since HCC occurrence. While the relation between miR-21-3p and Smad7 has not yet been confirmed. We aimed to explore the influence of miR-21-3p on HCC initiation and progression by targeting Smad7 and further facilitating the expression of Yap1. Methods MicroRNA (miRNA) microarray analysis was performed for miRNA screening. Dual-luciferase assay was adopted for target verifying. The expressions of miRNA and related genes were quantified by qRT-PCR, western blotting, and immunohistochemical staining. Flow cytometry and transwell assay were used to discover cell apoptosis, invasion and metastasis abilities. Rat models were established to explore the axis's role in hepatocarcinogenesis. Bioinformatics analysis was performed for analyzing clinical significance. Results ­ MiR-21-3p was significantly increased in HCC, indicating a poor overall survival (OS) rate. High miR-21-3p was associated with advanced stages (P=0.029), especially T stages (P=0.026). Low Smad7/high Yap1 was verified in HCCs and rat models. Smad7 was proved to be the direct target of miR-21-3p. MiR-21-3p's effect on tumor malignant phenotypes and promotion of Yap1 could be partly reversed through transfecting Smad7. Overexpressed Yap1 promoted the downstream effector connective tissue growth factor (CTGF). Co-survival analysis indicated that lower miR-21-3p/higher Smad7 (P=0.0494) and lower miR-21-3p/lower Yap1 group (P=0.0379) patients had better OS rates. GSVA analysis of miR-21-3p and Smad7 related gene sets displayed strong relation with TGF-β signaling pathway in HCC. Conclusions MiR-21-3p promotes HCC migration and invasion via directly inhibiting Smad7 and further improving the expression of Yap1.
Quantitative LC-MS/MS Uncovers The Regulatory Role of Autophagy in Immune Thrombocytopenia
Authors: Sun Rui-Jie , Yuan Dai , Yin Dong-mei , Liu Shu-yan , Zhu Jing-jing , Shan Ningning
Published: November 2020

Background: Immune thrombocytopenia (ITP) is an autoimmune haemorrhagic disease whose pathogenesis is associated with bone marrow megakaryocyte maturation disorder and microenvironment destruction of haematopoietic stem cells.Method: In this study, we report the qualitative and quantitative profile of the proteome in ITP. Liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) was conducted to detect the protein profiles in clinical bone marrow mononuclear cell (BMMC) samples from ITP patients and healthy volunteers (controls). Gene Ontology (GO) and Kyoto Encyclopedia Genes and Genome (KEGG) pathway analyses were performed for the annotation of differentially expressed proteins. The protein-protein interaction (PPI) network was constructed with the BLAST online database. Target proteins associated with autophagy were quantitatively identified by parallel reaction monitoring (PRM) analysis.Results: Our approaches showed that of the differentially expressed autophagy-related proteins, namely, HSPA8, PARK7, YWHAH, ITGB3 and CSF1R, were the most changed. The expression of the CSF1R protein in ITP patients was higher than that in controls, while the expression of other autophagy-related proteins was lower in ITP patients than in controls.Conclusion: Bioinformatics analysis indicated that the abnormal autophagy pathway is a potential pathological mechanism of ITP. These results can provide a new direction for exploring the molecular mechanism of ITP.
Relationship Between Physical Activity and Physical Fitness in Obese, Insulin-Dependent Diabetics with Hypertension
Authors: Krzysztoszek Jana , Maciaszek Janusz , Bronikowski Michał , Karasiewicz Monika , Laudańska-Krzemińska Ida
Published: November 2020

Background: Several recent studies have reported significantly larger declines in relative physical fitness (PF) of patients with diabetes (DM) versus those without diabetes. In our study, we set out to establish that the presence of DM in obese patients with hypertension (HT) is linked to a significant decrease in physical activity (PA), and also to PF which is important for ensuring mobility, independence at an elderly age, and efficiency in everyday life. We also sought to demonstrate the protective role of PA and PF, and to show that more attention must be paid to the importance of both PA and PF in prevention and therapy of non-communicable diseases. The study assessed the relationships between the current level of PA and PA in childhood and the level of PF of obese people aged 40+ with co-existing HT.Methods: The study included 82 obese patients with co-existing HT in their history. In order to assess the level of PA we used the International Physical Activity Questionnaire (IPAQ). PF was assessed by observing the performance of patients in seven selected tasks (Fitness Test): 30 Second Chair Stand, Handgrip Strength Test, Sit-and-Reach Test, One Leg Stand Test, Plank Test, Wall Squat Test, and 2-Minute Step-in-Place Test.Results: There was a significant differentiation in the amount of MET-min./week obtained for particular activities (vigorous, moderate, walking) by men (p=0.048) with significant grater amount of vigorous activity than moderate activity (p=0.024). When subjects were classified according to their IPAQ questionnaire category, 24.4% were classified as having a high level of PA, 45.1% a sufficient level, and 30.5% an insufficient level of PA. We noted that the higher the level of PA, the higher the PF – even in obese participants with HT. On the other hand, co-existing diabetes lowers almost all analyzed parameters, both biochemical and fitness ones. Conclusions: The analysed PF is probably not related directly to obesity of the participants or coexisting HT. On the other hand, the current PA level, the deficiency of which seems to be related to low PF and/or HT do seem to be related to the degree of PF.
Analysis of the Space and Time Distribution of Syphilis in Brazil: Cases of Acquired Syphilis From 2010-2018 and Congenital and Syphilis in Pregnant Women From 2001-2017
Authors: Silva Ângelo Antônio Oliveira , Leony Leonardo Maia , Souza Wayner Vieira de , Freitas Natália Erdens Maron de , Daltro Ramona Tavares , Santos Emily Ferreira dos , Vasconcelos Larissa de Carvalho Medrado , Grassi Maria Fernanda Rios , Regis-Silva Carlos Gustavo , Santos Fred Luciano Neves
Published: November 2020

Background. In Brazil, the notification of acquired syphilis (AS), congenital syphilis (CS) and syphilis in pregnant women (SiP) is compulsory. Notification data provided by the Ministry of Health (MoH) in combination with the mapping of vulnerable geographic areas is essential to forecasting possible outbreaks and more effectively combating infection through monitoring. We aim evaluated the space and time distribution of reported cases of CS and SiP in Brazil (2001 to 2017), as well as an estimation of cases of AS (2010 to 2018). Methods. A retrospective ecological study was carried out using secondary surveillance data obtained from the Brazilian National Notifiable Diseases Information System (SINAN) database, considering all reported cases of CS and SiP between 2002 to 2017, as well as MoH epidemiological bulletin data regarding cases of AS between 2010 to 2018. Epidemiological characteristics and time trends were analyzed using joinpoint regression models and spatial distribution (three-year moving averages), considering microregions or states/macroregions as units of analysis. Results. A total of 188,630 (5.4/100,000) CS, 235,895 SiP (6.3/100,000) and 479,731 cases of AS (27.4/100,000) were reported during the periods studied. The epidemiological profile of Brazil indicates most reported CS cases occurred among ‘mixed-race’ newborns who were diagnosed within seven days after birth and whose mothers had received prenatal care. Regarding SiP, most cases were among women who self-reported ‘mixed-race’, were aged 20-39 years, had up to eight years of formal education and were diagnosed with primary or latent syphilis. Overall, rates of AS rose around 400% from 2010 to 2018. Nearly all microregions reported at least one case of CS and SiP. From 2012 to 2016, CS cases increased significantly in almost all Brazilian states, most notably in the South, Southeast, and Central-West macroregions, from 2001-2018 and the relative risk of SiP increased around 4,000%. Conclusions. Considering the epidemiological scenario of the infection in Brazil, it is necessary to enhance preventive, control and eradication measures.
Level of Infectiousness and Associated Factors Among Bacteriologically Confirmed Pulmonary Drug-resistant Tuberculosis Patients Registered for Treatment in Ethiopia: A Seven-year Data
Authors: Kassa Getahun Molla , Merid Mehari Woldemariam , Muluneh Atalay Goshu , Fentie Dawit Tefera
Published: November 2020

Background: The infectiousness of DR-TB is mainly determined by the sputum tuberculosis bacilliary load of the patient. However, evidence on DR-TB sputum smear grading and its factors in the study setting is limited. This study was aimed to assess the sputum smear grading and associated factors among DR-TB patients in Amhara regional state, Ethiopia.Methods: This was an institution based cross-sectional study on 520 bacteriological confirmed pulmonary DR-TB patients from September 2010 to December 2017 in the Amhara region Ethiopia. Epidata 4.2.00 and SPSS 20 were used for data entry and management, respectively. Ordinary logistic regression was fitted. A cut of p-value less than 0.05 in the multivariable ordinary logistic regression was considered to declare statistically significant variables.Results: Of all 520 bacteriological confirmed pulmonary DR-TB patients; 34.42% had 3+, 15.77% had 2+, 18.27% had 1+, 15.19% had scanty, and 16.35% had negative sputum smear grading results. The odds of having higher sputum smear grades were significantly associated with the patient's educational status of secondary (Adjusted Odds Ratio (AOR)=0.43, 95% Confidence Interval (CI): 0.21, 0.89), body mass index of 16 to 18.49 kg/m2 (AOR=1.81, 95%CI: 1.16, 2.84), and TB treatment history of two and more times (AOR=1.78, 95%CI: 1.24, 2.55).Conclusions: More than a third of the bacteriological confirmed pulmonary DR-TB patients in the study setting was highly infectious with the highest bacillary load. The odds of having a high bacillary load were significantly associated with the patient's TB treatment history, nutritional, and educational status.
Knowledge and Perception on Hearing Loss, Hearing Management Modalities, Speech and Language Pathology among General Public in Al-Khobar, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
Authors: Zabeeri Najwa , AlNaimi Shaykhah Nasser , AlNoaimi Dinah Abdulhadi , Bamousa Reema Mohammed , Alassaf Maha Abdualaziz , AlOtaibi Rawan Obaid , AlZahrani Nora Mohammad , AbuRuz Mohannad Eid
Published: November 2020

Background: Hearing loss is considered a disability that hugely impacts the quality of life for 466 million people worldwide. The aim of the study was to assess the level of knowledge and perception on hearing loss, speech and language pathology, and to identify the effect of public educational campaign as an intervention to raise awareness among general public. Methods: A repeated measure designed-study was conducted during 2019 in Al-Khobar, Saudi Arabia. To collect the data, an electronic questionnaire was randomly distributed targeting all adult visitors of the campaign including adults with no medical background. A total of 330 participants, filled the questionnaire twice; before and after the intervention. Any p-value less than 0.05 was considered statistically significant. Results: The overall mean score of hearing loss was 5.43± 1.78 out of 11 points and higher awareness score toward hearing loss was significantly more after interventions (P<0.001). For the awareness of ear and hearing management, the overall awareness score was 9.57± (1.96 out of 13 points and the awareness toward ear and hearing management was also significantly more after interventions (P<0.001). In the awareness toward speech development, the total awareness score was 2.92±0.98 out of 5 points and the awareness toward speech development was significantly higher at after interventions (P<0.001). These results indicated that the answers after the intervention were significantly influenced by the campaign compared to the answers before the intervention. Conclusion: Although the participants had some level of knowledge before intervening with an educational campaign, the intervention showed a significant improvement in their level of knowledge. Therefore, this study recommends the implication of more interventional educational campaigns to increase the awareness amongst general public in Saudi Arabia.
Sodium Alginate as Treatment for Penetrating Abdominal Trauma- Feasibility Study.
Authors: Barsky Daniel , Ya'acov Ami Ben , Avraham Linn Wagnert , Nachman Dean , Eisenkraft Arik , Mintz Yoav , Shteyer Eyal
Published: November 2020

Introduction: Penetrating abdominal injury is a major cause of death in trauma. It may cause hypovolemia leading to tissue hypoperfusion, direct organ damage and cytokine activation that cause inflammatory damage, all of which lead to death. Alginate is a natural anionic polysaccharide typically derived from brown algae. Sodium alginate hydrogel, a hemostatic agent, offers a platform for targeting both mechanical and biological injuries. The current study assessed the effect of a sodium alginate denoted VLVG (Very Low Viscosity (high) G alginate) following abdominal trauma in a swine model of penetrating abdominal injury. Methods: Seven anesthetized pigs were instrumented with catheters and abdominal trauma was introduced by laparoscopic hepatectomy. Ten minutes after the induction of hypovolemic shock, three animals were intra-abdominally administered with VLVG and four animals with saline (controls). During 8h of continuous monitoring, various hemodynamic and biochemical variables were measured and liver biopsies for histological evaluation were taken. In order to compare the study group to the control in a specific time a-parametric Mann-Whitney test was used, assessment of tendency during time Friedman's test for a-parametric variables was used. In order to compare the effect of the treatment (i.e. normal saline VS VLVG alginate) repeated measures ANOVA model was used, and the p value was calculated based on the Greenhouse-Geiser test. This research was approved by the Hebrew University of Jerusalem ethics Committee number: MD16148533. Results: VLVG-treated animals were more hemodynamically stable vs controls as reflected by their lower heart rate and higher blood pressure. They also had lower levels of liver enzymes and lactate and tissue damage. Conclusions: Our results in this pilot abdominal injury model show that VLVG might be a promising new agent. The superior hemostatic and biocompatibility efficiency along with its tissue preserving properties may turn VLVG in the future to a device that could be used in the pre-hospital setting to improve survival of abdominal trauma injuries.
Distinguishing Three Classes of Androgenetic Alopecia based on Concerns in Youth: Latent Class Analysis of a Cross-Sectional Survey
Authors: CHANCHEEWA BUSSABONG , KERR STEPHEN , NIMNUAN CHAICHANA , ASAWANONDA PRAVIT , PHADUNGSAKSAWASDI KOBPAT
Published: November 2020

Background: While androgenetic alopecia (AGA) is a common condition, the concerns of youth about this condition, and how these concerns influence quality of life, personal well-being and health behaviour have been not been thoroughly investigated.Methods: Thai youth were asked to complete an AGA-related questionnaire including the dermatology life quality index, to assess their concerns and the clinical relevance. Latent class analysis was used for data analysis.Results: Data from 278 youth were collected. The mean participant age was 22 years (SD=0.79), and 57% of the participants were men; 94.6% of the participants reported any hair loss, mostly in the AGA severity of grade 1-2. A three-class model showed the best fit. Latent class 1 (LC1) participants (58%) had the lowest probabilities of concerns regarding AGA. LC2 participants (22%) had a generally low probabilities of AGA concerns, except when they were flirting, when they were with their lover and regarding how their hair looked when they were photographed. LC3 participants (20%) were the most concerned about AGA in all aspects. Compared with LC1 participants, LC3 participants were more often to use more than 3 hair styling products (relative risk, 6.7;1.5-29.6;P=0.013) and their AGA severity was more severe in both males (relative risk, 3.2;1.1-8.9;P=0.023) and females (relative risk,10.2; 3.3-31.0;P=<0.001).Conclusions: Youths who are more worried about AGA experience higher AGA severity and poorer quality of life, and are more likely to use multiple hair styling products.
Relationship Between Body Mass Index and Trauma Causing Knee Injury Associated With Popliteal Artery Injury. Monocentric Experience in a High Volume Surgery Center
Authors: Marchetti Andrea Ascoli , Naldi Valerio , Potenza Vito , Oddi Fabio Massimo , Maio Fernando De , Ciattaglia Riccardo , Farsetti Pasquale , Ippoliti Arnaldo
Published: November 2020

Background: Osteoarticular traumas are particularly dangerous among arterial traumas, those associated with the popliteal artery are associated with a high amputation rate. Despite representing a minority of arterial traumas, with an incidence that considerably varies by population and geographic location, traumatic lesions of the popliteal artery are a challenge. This study aimed to verify the impact of Body Mass Index (BMI) on arterial trauma damage and outcome. Methods: Data were retrospectively collected from the emergency and operating rooms’ electronic medical reports at our Institution between 1 January 2005 and 1 May 2018 of all osteoarticular and vascular associated lesion. 41 pts presented with lower limb arterial trauma (43.2%), and popliteal artery lesions occurred in 11 (26.8%). 11 patients were eligible for inclusion in the study. In addition, the lesion mechanism was dislocation by high-velocity trauma in 9 cases and by low-velocity trauma in 3. All 7 males (63.6%) were affected by high-velocity trauma, and 2 of the 3 females by low-velocity trauma. Only one patient had an isolated popliteal artery lesion associated with fractures in the leg or in contralateral limb. Patients with low-velocity traumas were older than 54 years while those with high-velocity were aged from 22 to 71 years. Results: The lesion mechanism was dislocation due to high-velocity trauma in eight patients and due to low-velocity trauma in three. In 10/11 patients (90.9%). revascularization was performed after osteoarticular stabilization. after reduction of the dislocation or fracture. Intraoperative angiography was selectively used. Two patients required above-knee amputation after the procedure: one due to infection of the surgical access and the other due to severe soft tissue injury. One patient died during hospitalization due to trauma-related complications and comorbidities. Conclusions: High-velocity traumas, and low-velocity traumas with a body mass index >35kg/m2 with knee lesions are associated with popliteal artery lesion. Revascularization success is not associated with high or low velocity traumas.
Cognitive Radio in Digital Agriculture: A Physical Layer Overlay Based Underground Radio Propagation System
Authors: Raza Usman , Salam Abdul , Karabiyik Umit
Published: November 2020

In digital agriculture, the cognitive radio technology is being envisaged as solution to spectral shortage problems by allowing agricultural cognitive users to co-exist with PU in the same spectrum on the field. Cognitive radios increase system capacity and spectral efficiency by sensing the spectrum and adapting the transmission parameters. This design requires a robust, adaptable and flexible physical layer to support cognitive radio functionality. In this paper, two different approaches are proposed to improve the application of cognitive radios in agriculture. A novel physical layer architecture for cognitive radio based on cognition, cooperation, and cognitive interference avoidance has been developed by using power control for digital agriculture applications. The design is based on sensing of spectrum usage, detecting the message/spreading code of PU, cognitive relaying, cooperation, and cognition of channel parameters. Moreover, the power and rate allocation, ergodic, and outage capacity formulas are also presented. Furthermore, a two-hop load balancing approach is presented using a cognitive radios as a relay node in the network to improve throughput and optimize the load between different area of an agricultural field.
Ethnic Differences in Spermatozoa Morphological Defects Diversity Among Men From Eastern Siberia, Russia
Authors: Kleshchev Maxim , Osadchuk Alexander , Shantanova Larisa , Troev Ivan , Osadchuk Ludmila
Published: November 2020

Background.Sperm morphology defects are considered to indicate several spermiogenesis anomalies, resulting in decreased men fertility, causing not only poor sperm morphology but also increased DNA fragmentation, chromatin condensation defects, increased oxidative stress. Consequently, detailed assessment of sperm morphological abnormalities in additional to counting percentage of sperm with normal morphology may be useful for andrologists and reproductive biologists. However, a little attention is paid to studying a regional and especially ethnic variability in the incidence of the sperm morphology defects. The aim of this research was to estimate ethnic variability in percentages of the sperm morphology abnormalities in men from general population living in the Siberian region of the Russian Federation.Methods.Male volunteers of Buryat (n=195), Yakut (n=130), and Slavic (n=89) ethnicity from the general population from Ulan-Ude and Yakutsk at least 5 years were enrolled in the study. Percentages of sperm morphological defects (according to the classification provided by the WHO laboratory manual, 2010) are counted after staining native ejaculate smears by Diff-Quick kits. Results.Among sperm defect, amorphous (62.25±12.18%), elongated (10.61±8.62%), pyriform(8.61±9.17%), and vacuolated heads (10.31±6.77%), abnormal acrosome (20.43±12.67%), asymmetrical insertion neck (18.33±6,43%), thick midpiece (6.21±3,41%), bent head (5.94±4,02%) and coiled tail (10.8±6.79%) were most frequent. In comparison with Buryats, Slavs and Yakuts were characterized by the decreased proportion sperm with normal morphology, the increased proportion of pyriform, elongated heads, abnormal acrosome, asymmertical tail insertion, excessive residual cytoplasm and increased teratozoospermia index (TZI). It was shown that impared progressive sperm motility and concentration associated with decreased percentage of sperm with normal morphology and increased proportion most of sperm morphology defects and TZI. However, increasing TZI in men with oligoastenozoospermia compared to men with astenozoospermia was revealed for Buryats only, suggesting ethnic features in the relationships between sperm morphology and concentration.Conclusion.The present study showed significant coordinated ethnic variability in the percentages of several sperm morphological defects in men from the general population located in Eastern Siberia. Damaged spermiogenesis processes underlying sperm head elongation and tail formation is considered to be significant contributors to geographical and ethnic variability of sperm morphology in men from the studied populations.
What Matters When Exploring Fidelity in Interventions Using Health It to Reduce Disparities in Language-diverse Populations?”
Authors: Handley Margaret , Landeros Jerad , Wu Cindie , Najmabadi Adriana , Vargas Daniela , Athavale Priyanka
Published: November 2020

Background: Evidence-based interventions often develop strategies to engage diverse populations while also attempting to maintain external validity. When using health IT tools to deliver patient-centered health messages, systems-level requirements are often at odds with ‘on-the ground’ tailoring approaches employed in patient-centered care, particularly regarding ensuring equity is achieved linguistically diverse populations. Methods: STAR MAMA, is a 5-month bilingual (English and Spanish) intervention adapted from the Diabetes Prevention Program, examined in a pilot RCT conducted among 181 post-partum women with recent gestational diabetes. Fidelity to pre-determined ‘core’ intervention components (e.g. systems integration) as well as important ‘modifiable’ components focused on population equity (e.g. health coaching responsiveness, and variation in outcomes by language), were assessed, using an adapted implementation fidelity framework. Evaluation data included participant-level surveys, systems-level databases of message delivery, call completion, and health coaching notes.Results: Participant mean age was 31.5 years, 96.6% of participants are Latina and 80.9% were born outside the US. Among those receiving the STAR MAMA calls 55 received the calls in Spanish (61%) and 35 English (39%). Of those in the call arm, 81 women (90%) completed all 20 weeks of the program. There were many more systems errors in the beginning of the program, than over time. Health coaching triggers were also more widespread in the first several weeks of the STAR MAMA intervention, notably among Spanish-speakers. Although Spanish speakers had more triggers than English-speakers, the difference was not statistically significant. Of the calls that triggered a health coach follow-up, a call-back attempt was made for 85.4% (n=152) of the English call triggers and for 80.0% (n=279) of the Spanish call triggers (NS). Of those with attempted calls, health coaching calls were complete for 55.6% (n=85) of English-language call triggers and for 56.6% of Spanish-language call triggers (NS). Some differences in acceptability were noted by language, with Spanish-speakers reporting higher satisfaction with prevention content (p=<0.01) and English-speakers reporting health coaches were less considerate of their time (p=0.03). Conclusions: Implementation fidelity for health IT interventions involving health coaching should address moderating factors, such as language, as well as systems level factors.Trial Registration: National Clinical Trials registration number: CT02240420 Registered September 15, 2014 . ClinicalTrials.gov