bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
A Managerial Fast Break
Authors: Black Cameron
Published: September 2022

In the mid- to late twentieth century, the field of professional sports underwent drastic cultural and economic change. No sports association was impacted as much as the National Basketball Association, which grew monumentally from 1975 to 1990. This article argues that the NBA’s growth stemmed from new collective bargaining agreements put in place during the 1980s to implement a workplace culture that fit within the broader conservative backlash during the decade. The NBA implemented punishments for drug-based and conduct-based offenses for its players and established a salary cap to regain control over players’ remuneration. This not only raised revenue but assimilated its growing population of African American players to traditional workplace norms that simultaneously attempted to counter racist stereotypes about their “natural” talents and legitimized ideas that Black players needed to be carefully managed.
Crossing Black Waters
Authors: Rumore Micheal A.
Published: September 2022

The burgeoning field of Indian Ocean studies has emerged as a repository of universalist political aspirations, often inspired by the Non-Aligned imagination of the Third World era. In particular, the notion of Indian Ocean “cosmopolitanism,” as both an object of desire and critique, looms large in the field as a figure of decolonial solidarities outside the epistemological confines of modern coloniality. This essay contends that the racial politics of Indian Ocean cosmopolitanism, itself an inheritance of the Afro-Asian hierarchies of mid-century Third Worldism, deserves more attention. It also explores the Afro-Asian antinomies of Indian Ocean studies as a reflection of broader critical ambivalences about questions of colonial humanism and anticolonial liberation.
Different temporal requirements for tartan and wingless in the formation of contractile interfaces at compartmental boundaries
Authors: Sharrock Thomas E. , Evans Jenny , Blanchard Guy B. , Sanson Bénédicte
Published: September 2022

Compartmental boundaries physically separate developing tissues into distinct regions, which is fundamental for the organisation of the body plan in both insects and vertebrates. In many examples, this physical segregation is caused by a regulated increase in contractility of the actomyosin cortex at boundary cell-cell interfaces, a property important in developmental morphogenesis beyond compartmental boundary formation. We performed an unbiased screening approach to identify cell surface receptors required for actomyosin enrichment and polarisation at parasegmental boundaries (PSBs) in early Drosophila embryos, from the start of germband extension at gastrulation and throughout the germband extended stages (stages 6 to 11). First, we find that Tartan is required during germband extension for actomyosin enrichment at PSBs, confirming an earlier report. Next, by following in real time the dynamics of loss of boundary straightness in tartan mutant embryos compared with wild-type and ftz mutant embryos, we show that Tartan is required during germband extension but not beyond. We identify candidate genes that could take over from Tartan at PSBs and confirm that at germband extended stages, actomyosin enrichment at PSBs requires Wingless signalling.
The emerging significance of splicing in vertebrate development
Authors: Olthof Anouk M. , White Alisa K. , Kanadia Rahul N.
Published: September 2022

Splicing is a crucial regulatory node of gene expression that has been leveraged to expand the proteome from a limited number of genes. Indeed, the vast increase in intron number that accompanied vertebrate emergence might have aided the evolution of developmental and organismal complexity. Here, we review how animal models for core spliceosome components have provided insights into the role of splicing in vertebrate development, with a specific focus on neuronal, neural crest and skeletal development. To this end, we also discuss relevant spliceosomopathies, which are developmental disorders linked to mutations in spliceosome subunits. Finally, we discuss potential mechanisms that could underlie the tissue-specific phenotypes often observed upon spliceosome inhibition and identify gaps in our knowledge that, we hope, will inspire further research.
The single Marchantia polymorpha FERONIA homolog reveals an ancestral role in regulating cellular expansion and integrity
Authors: Mecchia Martin A. , Rövekamp Moritz , Giraldo-Fonseca Alejandro , Meier Dario , Gadient Philippe , Vogler Hannes , Limacher Daria , Bowman John L. , Grossniklaus Ueli
Published: September 2022

Plant cells are surrounded by a cell wall, a rigid structure that is not only important for cell and organ shape, but is also crucial for intercellular communication and interactions with the environment. In the flowering plant Arabidopsis thaliana, the 17 members of the Catharanthus roseus RLK1-like (CrRLK1L) receptor kinase family are involved in a multitude of physiological and developmental processes, making it difficult to assess their primary or ancestral function. To reduce genetic complexity, we characterized the single CrRLK1L gene of Marchantia polymorpha, MpFERONIA (MpFER). Plants with reduced MpFER levels show defects in vegetative development, i.e. rhizoid formation and cell expansion, and have reduced male fertility. In contrast, cell integrity and morphogenesis of the gametophyte are severely affected in Mpfer null mutants and MpFER overexpression lines. Thus, we conclude that the CrRLK1L gene family originated from a single gene with an ancestral function in cell expansion and the maintenance of cellular integrity. During land plant evolution, this ancestral gene diversified to fulfill a multitude of specialized physiological and developmental roles in the formation of both gametophytic and sporophytic structures essential to the life cycle of flowering plants.
DeepProjection: specific and robust projection of curved 2D tissue sheets from 3D microscopy using deep learning
Authors: Haertter Daniel , Wang Xiaolei , Fogerson Stephanie M. , Ramkumar Nitya , Crawford Janice M. , Poss Kenneth D. , Di Talia Stefano , Kiehart Daniel P. , Schmidt Christoph F.
Published: September 2022

The efficient extraction of image data from curved tissue sheets embedded in volumetric imaging data remains a serious and unsolved problem in quantitative studies of embryogenesis. Here, we present DeepProjection (DP), a trainable projection algorithm based on deep learning. This algorithm is trained on user-generated training data to locally classify 3D stack content, and to rapidly and robustly predict binary masks containing the target content, e.g. tissue boundaries, while masking highly fluorescent out-of-plane artifacts. A projection of the masked 3D stack then yields background-free 2D images with undistorted fluorescence intensity values. The binary masks can further be applied to other fluorescent channels or to extract local tissue curvature. DP is designed as a first processing step than can be followed, for example, by segmentation to track cell fate. We apply DP to follow the dynamic movements of 2D-tissue sheets during dorsal closure in Drosophila embryos and of the periderm layer in the elongating Danio embryo. DeepProjection is available as a fully documented Python package.
Sea anemone Frizzled receptors play partially redundant roles in oral-aboral axis patterning
Authors: Niedermoser Isabell , Lebedeva Tatiana , Genikhovich Grigory
Published: September 2022

Canonical Wnt (cWnt) signalling is involved in a plethora of basic developmental processes such as endomesoderm specification, gastrulation and patterning the main body axis. To activate the signal, Wnt ligands form complexes with LRP5/6 and Frizzled receptors, which leads to nuclear translocation of β-catenin and a transcriptional response. In Bilateria, the expression of different Frizzled genes is often partially overlapping, and their functions are known to be redundant in several developmental contexts. Here, we demonstrate that all four Frizzled receptors take part in the cWnt-mediated oral-aboral axis patterning in the cnidarian Nematostella vectensis but show partially redundant functions. However, we do not see evidence for their involvement in the specification of the endoderm – an earlier event likely relying on maternal intracellular β-catenin signalling components. Finally, we demonstrate that the main Wnt ligands crucial for the early oral-aboral patterning are Wnt1, Wnt3 and Wnt4. Comparison of our data with knowledge from other models suggests that distinct but overlapping expression domains and partial functional redundancy of cnidarian and bilaterian Frizzled genes may represent a shared ancestral trait.
The ETS transcription factor Spi2 regulates hematopoietic cell development in zebrafish
Authors: Zhao Shizheng , Zhang Ao , Zhu Hao , Wen Zilong
Published: September 2022

The E26 transformation-specific or E-twenty-six (ETS) genes encode a superfamily of transcription factors involved in diverse biological processes. Here, we report the identification and characterization of a previously unidentified member of the ETS transcription factors, Spi2, that is found exclusively in the ray-finned fish kingdom. We show that the expression of spi2 is restricted to hemogenic endothelial cells (HECs) and to hematopoietic stem and progenitor cells (HSPCs) in zebrafish. Using bacteria artificial chromosome transgenesis, we generate a spi2 reporter line, TgBAC(spi2:P2a-GFP), which manifests the GFP pattern recapitulating the endogenous spi2 expression. Genetic ablation of spi2 has little effect on HEC formation and the endothelial-to-hematopoietic transition, but results in compromised proliferation of HSPCs in the caudal hematopoietic tissue (CHT) during early development and in severe myeloid lineage defect in adulthood. Epistatic analysis shows that spi2 acts downstream of runx1 in regulating HSPC development in the CHT. Our study identifies Spi2 as an essential regulator for definitive hematopoietic cell development and creates a TgBAC(spi2:P2a-GFP) reporter line for tracking HECs, HSPCs, myeloid cells and thrombocytes from early development to adulthood.
News Shocks under Financial Frictions
Authors: Görtz Christoph , Tsoukalas John D. , Zanetti Francesco
Published: September 2022

We examine the dynamic effects of TFP news shocks in the context of frictions in financial markets. We document two new facts. First, a shock to future TFP generates a significant decline in credit spread indicators along with a robust improvement in credit supply indicators. Second, we establish a tight link between TFP news shocks and shocks that explain the majority of un-forecastable movements in credit spread indicators. A DSGE model enriched with a financial sector of the Gertler-Kiyotaki-Karadi type generates very similar quantitative dynamics. (JEL E12, E31, E32, E44, G12, G21)
Short-Term Planning, Monetary Policy, and Macroeconomic Persistence
Authors: Gust Christopher , Herbst Edward , López-Salido David
Published: September 2022

We estimate a behavioral New Keynesian (NK) model in which households and firms plan over a finite horizon. The finite-horizon planning (FHP) model outperforms rational expectations versions of the NK model as well as other behavioral NK models. In the FHP model, households and firms are forward-looking in thinking about events over their planning horizon but are backward-looking regarding events beyond that point. This gives rise to substantial aggregate persistence without resorting to additional features such as habit persistence and price contracts indexed to lagged inflation. (JEL E12, E23, E31, E32, E52)
Fiscal and monetary policy in general equilibrium models
Authors: Σαπέρας Σωτήριος
Published: September 2022

Η παρούσα διατριβή διερευνά την νομισματική και δημοσιονομική πολιτική σε υποδείγματα γενικής ισορροπίας. Το πρώτο μέρος εκτιμά, με έτος εκκίνησης το 2019, τον αντίκτυπο των περιοριστικών μέτρων για την ανάσχεση της μετάδοσης του ιού καθώς και τα μέτρα τόνωσης της οικονομίας που ελήφθησαν με τη χρήση ενός Δυναμικού Στοχαστικού Υποδείγματος Γενικής Ισορροπίας. Ένας κανόνας επιτοκίου που ικανοποιεί την αρχή Taylor μαζί με έναν κανόνα δημοσιονομικής πολιτικής χρησιμοποιούνται για να διασφαλιστεί η δυναμική σταθερότητα του μοντέλου.Το δεύτερο μέρος διερευνά, με έτος εκκίνησης το 2022, τις επιπτώσεις διαφορετικών πολιτικών δημοσιονομικής εξυγίανσης για τη ζώνη του ευρώ όταν η οικονομία πλήττεται από ένα δυσμενές σοκ. Δεύτερον, εξετάζει τις επιπτώσεις των διαφορετικών εργαλείων δημοσιονομικής πολιτικής (δημόσιες δαπάνες, μεταβιβάσεις, φορολογικός συντελεστής εργασίας) που χρησιμοποιούνται για την αντιμετώπιση του δημοσίου χρέους. Το υπόδειγμα που χρησιμοποιείται είναι ένα Δυναμικό Στοχαστικό Υποδείγματος Γενικής Ισορροπίας το οποίο διαμετρείται για την ευρωπαϊκή οικονομία και εμπλουτίζεται ώστε να συμπεριλάβει μονοπωλιακό ανταγωνισμό εκτός από την αγορά αγαθών και στην αγορά εργασίας, που επιτρέπει στα νοικοκυριά να ορίζουν τους μισθούς τους για τις διαφοροποιημένες υπηρεσίες εργασίας που παρέχουν. Το μοντέλο περιλαμβάνει επίσης ετερογένεια νοικοκυριών με δύο κλάδους, νοικοκυριά που απασχολούνται στον δημόσιο και τον ιδιωτικό τομέα.
Estimated equivalent radiation dose at different altitudes in Earth’s atmosphere
Authors: Maurchev Evgeniy , Mikhalko Evgeniya , Balabin Yuriy , Germanenko Aleksey , Gvozdevsky Boris
Published: September 2022

The paper reports the results of simulation of cosmic ray proton transport through Earth’s atmosphere. The main objective of this work is to obtain characteristics of secondary particle fluxes at different altitudes and to convert them to equivalent dose values. The technique for the conversion is based on numerical simulation of interaction between the particles and an anthropomorphic phantom. The paper examines two cases, using a model source of primary proton spectra as input parameters, which correspond to both purely galactic cosmic rays and solar cosmic rays. The computational results are tabulated for the altitude range from 0 km to 11 km above sea level; the upper range value corresponds to the flight altitude of civilian airliners. These results are shown to agree well with the results obtained by other research teams.
Ionospheric response to the passage of typhoons observed by subionospheric VLF radio signals
Authors: Shalimov Sergey , Solovieva Maria
Published: September 2022

The response of the lower ionosphere to the passage of several dozen typhoons has been studied using a regional network of VLF stations in the Russian Far East. The experimental data presented in all cases clearly demonstrates wavelike disturbances of the subionospheric VLF signal amplitude and phase during the active stage of typhoons crossing radio paths. With the exception of magnetoactive and seismoactive days, this means that the disturbances generated by a typhoon, when propagating into the upper ionosphere, pass through the lower ionosphere, causing corresponding disturbances in the amplitude and phase of the VLF signal. Spectral analysis shows that the range of the wave disturbances detected corresponds to the periods of atmospheric internal gravity waves (IGW). A mechanism of the action of IGWs on the lower ionosphere is proposed which allows us to interpret the VLF signal phase variations observed. According to this mechanism, the action of IGW on the lower ionosphere is caused by polarization fields arising during the wave motion of plasma in the lower part of the F layer. These fields projected along geomagnetic field lines into the lower ionosphere cause the upper wall of the Earth—ionosphere waveguide to rise or fall.
Color and spectral characteristics of long-lived meteor trail formed by the Tunka bolide
Authors: Mikhalev Aleksandr
Published: September 2022

The paper addresses color characteristics and possible spectral composition of emission of a long-lived (~40 min) meteor trail of uncommon geometry, which was formed due to the bolide passage in the Tunka Valley on November 17, 2017. Analysis of dynamics of RGB channels of the meteor trail colored image shows that during the first ~8 minutes the meteor trail emission might have been contributed by the ionization trail. The ionization trail was formed by particles of the meteor matter neutral and ionized components that were heated to high temperatures on the surface of the main meteoroid and separated from it. We also examine the discussed mechanism of heterogeneous chemical reactions occurring on the surface of meteoric dust (FeS, FeO, etc.) with participation of atoms and molecules of atmospheric gases. The yellowish color of the Tunka bolide meteor trail was assumed to be determined, first of all, by the emission of molecular nitrogen N₂ band within the 570–750 nm spectral range (the first positive system) and/or enhancement of NO*₂ continuum in heterogeneous chemical reactions. The meteor trail emission spectrum should also include relatively bright atomic lines and molecular bands of the meteoric matter and atmospheric gases FeI, MgI, CaI, SiI, NaI, FeO and SO₂, OI, OH, etc.
Topside ionosphere during solar cosmic ray bursts and Forbush decreases in galactic cosmic rays
Authors: Yanchukovsky Valery , Belinskaya Anastasiya
Published: September 2022

The paper considers the behavior of the upper ionosphere at heights of the F2 layer during Forbush decreases in galactic cosmic rays (GCR FDs) and solar cosmic ray (SCR) bursts. We use the results of long-term continuous observations of cosmic rays and the ionosphere in Novosibirsk for the period from 1968 to 2021. The ionospheric disturbances in the F2 layer during GCR FDs, which were accompanied by a magnetic storm, took the form of an ionospheric storm negative phase. The scale of the negative phase of the ionospheric F-layer disturbance increases with increasing Dst index of the geomagnetic storm. This increase in the amplitude of the ionospheric disturbance becomes more and more significant depending on the magnitude of Forbush decreases. A burst of the amplitude of the daily variation in the F2-layer critical frequency occurred eight days after SCR bursts and GCR FD front. We assume that this burst might have been caused by disturbances in the lower atmosphere due to significant variations in the intensity of SCR and GCR fluxes.
Possibility of using GLM data for studying plasma phenomena
Authors: Filatov Aleksandr
Published: September 2022

The article deals with scientific and technical problems associated with the functionality of the geostationary lightning mapper, which is currently used for meteorological monitoring. Results of the study into the Schumann resonance phenomenon and the technical parameters of the mapper were analyzed simultaneously. A hypothesis is offered which suggests that there are pulsations in the time dependences of the radiation power of lightning activity at frequencies corresponding to Schumann resonance. A new application of the geostationary lightning mapper for studying plasma phenomena is proposed. Adding to the mapper an acousto-optic filter and a camera, which has the functions of switching the resolution/frame rate parameters, is shown to be useful for both meteorological and plasma studies.
The role of lipid peroxidation in the pathogenesis of experimental diabetic retinopathy
Authors: Sirman Y. , Savytskyi I.
Published: September 2022

The aim of work – to analysis of changes in the level of primary products of lipid peroxidation in experimental animals were simulated diabetic retinopathy and against the background of its correction.

The obtained results indicate an increase in the content of lipid peroxidation, starting from the 30th and with further progression on the 60th and 180th days of experimental diabetic retinopathy, which is confirmed by an increase in the level of diene conjugates in the 2nd group, the maximum of which is observed at the 3rd stage. Correction with hypoglycemic agents in the 3rd group had a positive effect, but was not able to reduce the level of primary products of lipid peroxidation and restore antioxidant activity, so the use of additional agents became necessary. The use of aflibercept and a nitric oxide donor in the 4th group to correct the development of diabetic retinopathy significantly suppressed oxidative stress, the maximum of which occurred on the 180th day of the experiment, but did not reach control indicators. It was proven that the combined administration of bromfenac and aflibercept in the 5th group significantly reduced the number of primary LPO products, but not as significantly as in the 4th group. It was proved that the administration of aflibercept, L-carnitine and bromfenac to the animals of the 6th group reduced the content of diene conjugates already on the 30th and continued on the 60th and 180th days of the study, but it also did not reach the control indicators. The combination of metformin, aflibercept, L-arginine and citicoline in rats of the 7th group proved to be the most effective correction, as evidenced by the normalization of the level of the studied indicators on the 30th and 60th days of the experiment, and on the 180th, a decrease in the content of markers was detected oxidative stress to control indicators.
Dynamic of changes in the level of Interleukin 1B against the background of the development of experimental diabetic retinopathy and under the influence of various methods of correction
Authors: Sirman Y. , Savytskyi I. , Preys N. , Blavatska O.
Published: September 2022

The aim of our research is investigating the changes in the level of interleukin 1β in experimental animals, which were simulated diabetic retinopathy and against the background of its correction. The obtained indicate that already on the 30th day of the development of experimental diabetic retinopathy, a significant increase in the pro-inflammatory cytokine level draws attention. Analyzing the data of group No. 3, it was established that the correction of the pathological condition with hypoglycemic agents has a positive effect but requires the involvement of additional means of correction in addition to the normalization of the level of glycemia. The results of the 4th experimental group indicate that the involvement of a nitric oxide donor and aflibercept in the correction of diabetic retinopathy has a positive effect on the reduction of the level of Interleukin 1β, but it does not reach an approximation to the norm. It is observed that the correction of the simulated pathological condition by reducing hyperglycemia, administration of aflibercept and bromfenac (group No. 5) gives positive results, but less pronounced than involvement in the complex correction of L-arginine solution in the study of nitric oxide synthases, in the analysis of the pro-inflammatory cytokine level the results are better. It is also worth noting that this method of correction is not characterized by longevity and on the 180th day there is already a pronounced decrease in its effectiveness. It was found that in rats in which diabetic retinopathy was modeled with subsequent correction of hyperglycemia, administration of aflibercept, L-carnitine and bromfenac (group No. 6), there is a pronounced effectiveness of the proposed method of correction in comparison with the previously considered methods.

As for the correction applied in the 7th group, in the first and second stages, the inflammation indicator is more elevated compared to the two previous groups (No. 5 and No. 6), but in the third stage, a marked decrease in the level of the marker was established, which indicates the effectiveness of the correction of the 7th group at more distant stages of the experiment.
Propuesta de desorientación. Algunas consideraciones alejadas de la mirada dispositiva del Diseño.
Authors: Fernández San Marcos Paula , Boschin Navarro Santiago , Alfonso Fernández Santiago
Published: September 2022

Qué realidades se activan cuando abstraemos nuestra mirada y gestos de las luces de nuestra época es una cuestión que convoca las ideas que encontraremos a continuación. Dicha ignición parece poder ensayarse desde múltiples posturas: la que aquí se plantea es una navegación por las posibilidades, o vías, que le restan a un Diseño ahogado por las disposiciones del Progreso Moderno. Despojándose de determinaciones orientativas, ¿cuáles habrían de ser las materias y ocupaciones del diseño en el mundo? Nuestras actuales formas de hacer mundo, cómo entendemos y abordamos lo real, parecen imposibles de transformación. Variados son los caminos que parecen abrirse al disolver la densidad del proyecto: la tentación nostálgica, lo absoluto de la objetividad del dato, el diseño reaccionario. Sin embargo, con un escenario como el actual donde la certeza o los pronósticos quedan opacados por cuestiones tan de actualidad como la crisis política, medioambiental, o nuestra sumisión en la era de la hiperinformación, un desplazamiento de la mirada a otros territorios diferentes de los asumidos puede desvelar otras potencias. Incluso desde los lugares más insospechados –un delta colapsado, un cuento– podemos empezar a prestar atención a las sombras que se escapan por el rabillo del ojo y encontrar nuevas formas de entender cómo diseñamos. También otras espacialidades desde las que reconsiderar una nueva cultura del diseño. Ser capaces de trabajar con atención nuestro entorno dado y reconsiderar nuestro proyecto de futuro —construyendo nuevas formas de narrarnos a nosotros mismos— puede resultar en una desorientación total, una ausencia con respecto a nuestro tiempo que disuelva los límites de lo que entendemos por mundo real.
Intervenções por exercício físico e funções cognitivas de idosos: revisão sistemática da literatura
Authors: Vale Rebeca Marchiori Carazza , Barbosa Rubia  Mara Esquarante , Guimarães Andrea Carmen , Barroso Sabrina Martins , Silva Mônia Aparecida da
Published: September 2022

O objetivo dessa revisão sistemática foi analisar e sumarizar as características dos estudos que avaliam o efeito do exercício físico nas funções cognitivas de idosos e apresentar possíveis variáveis relacionadas com a melhora na cognição. As bases de dados consistiram em Scielo, MEDLINE, PsycINFO e Portal Regional da Biblioteca Virtual em Saúde (BVS), entre os anos de 2010 e 2020. Foram incluídas pesquisas empíricas, que tinham intervenção por exercício físico com pessoas de 60 anos ou mais. Treze estudos preencheram os critérios de inclusão, dos quais nove encontraram um efeito de melhora e quatro de manutenção do exercício físico sobre as funções cognitivas. A maioria dos estudos tiveram qualidade metodológica moderada, indicando a necessidade de maior controle devieses em pesquisas futuras. Além disso, foi evidenciado um efeito dose resposta, indicando que a alta intensidade e frequência dos exercícios físicos podem estar associadas à melhora, bem como um efeito agudo, em que os ganhos são mais acentuados nos primeiros meses de intervenção, tendendo à estabilização posterior. Essa revisão sugere que o exercício físico pode ser protetivo à cognição de idosos.
A Suicide Attempt: Deltamethrin Intoxication
Authors: Parlato Federica , Buendia Palacios Diana Cristina , Adão Serrano Maria , Gonçalves Filipa , Carreiro Carolina , Gouveia João
Published: September 2022

Poisoning is a frequent cause of emergency department visits, with attempted suicide accounting for up to two-thirds of all fatalities from pesticide poisoning. Despite extensive pyrethroid use worldwide, relatively few cases of human poisoning have been reported in the literature. Although most pesticide use occurs in the developed world, 99% of all acute pesticide poisoning occurs in developing countries. Deltamethrin poisoning is uncommon, with fewer than 10 deaths reported following ingestion or occupational exposure. The present case report describes deltamethrin intoxication due to intentional oral ingestion in a suicide attempt, resulting in a life-threatening combination of seizures and coma due to non-convulsive status epilepticus.
Highlighting the latest research: September 2022
Authors: Palmer Sarah Jane
Published: September 2022

Sarah Jane Palmer presents a selection of recently published articles of interest to nurses working in cardiovascular nursing. The aim of this roundup is to provide a brief overview of the research papers selected. A full reference is provided for those who wish to look at the research in further detail.
Assessing the Understanding and Perfection in Performing the Injection Techniques after Exposure to Mannequins
Authors: P. S Khatavkar , Dawane J. S Dawane J. S , Pandit V. A Pandit V. A , Suryawanshi S. P Suryawanshi S. P
Published: September 2022

Unsafe injection practices put patients and healthcare providers at risk of infectious and other complications. Giving injection by correct technique is an important skill. In the present undergraduate curriculum, teaching is based on making the medical graduates, a competent doctors and giving injections safely is a must know competency. We have given them the exposure through different methods and tried to evaluate the impact of it. Objectives: To assess the knowledge of 2nd phase MBBS students about the proper techniques of injections and to assess confidence level and skill of performing these injections. Method: After obtaining the ethical committee approval, a cross sectional questionnaire based study was conducted in the Department of Pharmacology. Undergraduate students of phase 2 MBBS were included in the study. The background and purpose of the study was explained. Information about the correct methods of different injection techniques were already provided to them by different modules - Lecture, Routes display, videos and Demonstration on mannequins. The actual training of techniques on mannequins. A predesigned, validated, structured questionnaire was used for data collection. After hands - on training, the questionnaire was applied. Data obtained was analysed with Graph pad prism 6. Results-As per the students Intravenous (52.1%) and Intramuscular (30.3%) injections are most commonly used techniques. (97.5%) say aspiration is must to confirm the needle in vein and (95.8%) appearance of bleb for intradermal injection. Tuberculosis-(77.3%) spreads with unsafe injection. Only (45.4%) think injection file should be used for ampoule cutting. Conclusion: The Students definitely showed confidence in injection techniques on mannequins. Still small number of students look confused, require more practice sessions. Attention need to be given for understanding along with the practice to reduce the misconceptions.
Comparison of Femoral Nerve Block with Dexmedetomidine and Adductor Canal Block with Dexmedetomidine for Postoperative Analgesia for Total Knee Arthroplasty
Authors: George Neha Daniel , Bhat Sonal , B. V Sunil
Published: September 2022

Background : Analgesia post knee arthroplasties are crucial in early postoperative recovery and discharge . The objective of this study was to compare the analgesic efficacy of Adductor canal block with that of femoral nerve block in patients undergoing knee arthroplasties. Methods : 140 participants aged 18 years & above under American Society of Anaesthesiologists 1 and 2 physical status undergoing knee arthroplasty under spinal anaesthesia were included and were divided into 2 groups – Adductor canal block and femoral nerve block who were administered blocks under ultrasound guidance. The preoperative Visual Analog Scale score, haemodynamic variables and postoperative Visual Analog Scale scores were recorded. Results : The Visual Analog Scale scores between the two groups were not statistically significant however, a significant difference in the time taken by the Adductor canal block participants to request analgesia and to ambulate. Conclusion: Adductor canal block with Dexmedetomidine was equally efficacious when compared to Femoral nerve block with Dexmedetomidine in patients undergoing Total knee arthroplasty.
Segmentation of Intima – Media Thickness in Intravascular Ultrasound Images for Detection of Atherosclerosis
Authors: Archana K. V. , R. Vanithamani R. Vanithamani
Published: September 2022

Cardiovascular Diseases (CVDs) are the leading cause of deaths, and adverse CVDs are related to Coronary Artery Disease (CAD). CAD is caused due to the accumulation of fatty lesions called plaques on the vessels that nourish the heart with blood. The Intravascular Ultrasound (IVUS) imaging modality has captured considerable attention in the diagnosis of CVDs in recent years. Generally coronary artery consists of three distinct regions: Media, Intima and Luminal region. Intima-Media Thickness (IMT) is perceived as a significant indicator in the risk evaluation process, tracking the amount of atherosclerosis development. In this paper, IVUS image is preprocessed using Total Variance Regularization for speckle noise removal and the contrast is improved by Contrast Limited Adaptive Histogram Equalization (CLAHE) technique. Region of Interest (RoI) is extracted using segmentation techniques such as Multi-Level Set Based, Otsu’s segmentation, Active Contour and Watershed segmentation and their performances are compared. The performance metrics used are Jaccard Index (JAC), Dice Coefficient (DC), Cohen Kappa Coefficient (KAP), Variation of Information (VOI), Global Consistency Error (GCE), and Rand Index (RI). From the analysis, it is observed that the Multi-Level Set based technique has a high JAC, DICE, KAP and RI. These values indicate the similarity between the segmented and ground truth image. Also the value of GI, indicates the less error measurement between segmented image and ground truth image. The significance of using Multi- level set based technique is that it uses the B-spline function-based curvature updation. This function is less dependent on the degree, smoothness and domain partition of the image, resulting in increased segmenting accuracy.
Study of Severe Malaria Caused by Plasmodium Vivax in Comparison to Plasmodium Falciparum and Mixed Malarial Infections in Children
Authors: Nauriyal Deepty , Kumar Deepak
Published: September 2022

Background: Malaria alone is responsible for major proportion of morbidity and mortality in children. Most cases of malaria are due to P.vivax. P.vivax has always been considered benign but recent studies and molecular studies are giving evidences towards increasing virulence and severity of P.vivax Aims and objective: Aim of this study was to observe severe malaria caused by P.vivax in comparison to Falciparum and mixed malarial infections. Other added aim was to observe for concomitant bacterial infections, how it affects clinical outcome and role of antibiotics in such cases of severe malaria. Materials and methods: This was a hospital based study conducted in a tertiary care center in Uttar Pradesh. Patients were tested for malaria using Peripheral blood smear and Rapid malaria antigen test. Total of 200 cases of severe malaria were enrolled in study. Patients were categorized as severe malaria on basis of WHO guidelines. Results: Of 200 cases of severe malaria, 130 (65%) had P.vivax infection, 31 (15.5%) had falciparum infection and 39 (19.5%) had mixed infection with both the species. Noteworthy results observed in cases of severe malaria with P.vivax infections were cerebral malaria (29.2%), severe anemia (26.9 %), severe thrombocytopenia (7.6%) and mortality (13%). Almost 15 % of total patients had concomitant bacterial infections that contributed significantly towards morbidity and prolonged hospitalization. Conclusion: From our study we observed that P.vivax cannot more be considered benign and needs quick diagnosis, prompt treatment and should be observed for complications. Antibiotics use should be considered in severe malaria.
Analysis of Bioactive Compounds in Nabeez Water
Authors: Fauziyah Begum , Batrisyia Asna Defi , Firdausy Alif Firman , Ma’arif Burhan , Maimunah Siti
Published: September 2022

Dates (Phoenix dactylifera L.) are a unique fruit because they have many health benefits. Ajwa dates are one of the dates that many people are interested in for ingestion. Making date-infused water or nabeez water is one technique to ingest dates as exemplified by the Prophet SAW and is believed to have many benefits for digestion. As a result, there has never been any research on the analysis of active compounds from nabeez water, particularly Ajwa dates themselves, so the goal of this study was to determine the content of active compounds in nabeez water as well as the total content based on qualitative and quantitative analysis. The nabeez water from dates was tested qualitatively and quantitatively using phytochemical tests and UV-Visible Spectrophotometry. The results show that the nabeez water contains active ingredients of flavonoids, saponins, alkaloids, and tannins, according to qualitative analytical results. The quantitative analysis showed that nabeez water has a total concentration of flavonoid compounds of 5.749 g/mL and a concentration of tannin compounds of 52.934 g/mL.
Comparative Anatomical Study for Some Wild Species Belong to Amaranthaceae and Compositae in Iraq
Authors: Ismaeel Zubaida A. Lattef
Published: September 2022

In this research , cuticular with epidermal anatomical characters were described , as well as the anatomical features of stems and leaves for ten wild species belong to Amaranthaceae and Compositae in Iraq. The species belong to Amaranthaceae were: Amaranthus blitum L., Beta vulgaris L., Amaranthus viridis L. , Atriplex prostrata Boucher ex DC. and Chenopodiastrum murale (L.) S.Fuentes, Uotila & Borsch. While the species belonging to Compositae were: Lactuca virosa Habl., Crepis vesicaria L., Senecio peregrinus Griseb., Crepis capillaris (L.) Wallr and Silybum marianum L. Gaernt. Anatomical differences between the species were studied. Results showed that several of the internal characters of leaves, stems, and leaf epidermis have a taxonomic importance that support to identify species. These characters are stem form, layers number of palisade with spongy layers of leaf, in addition to the different in the foliar epidermal cell shapes and stomatal index
A Case of Monoclonal Immunoglobulin Deposition Disease – on Bortezomib regimen, A Novel strategy in Multisystemic Involvement
Authors: Parati Rupesh S. , M. Yadav Ponvijaya , S. Gokhale Vijayshree , Malik Atiullah Imran
Published: September 2022

Background: Monoclonal immunoglobulin deposition disease (MIDD) is a rare and sporadic phenomenon often manifesting in individuals who are in their 5th – 6th decade of life. MIDD along with restrictive cardiomyopathy and Renal AL amyloidosis as in the present case is also an unaccustomed phenomenon. Often, the patient presents with unusual symptoms and is more prone to misdiagnosis. The congo red (-) deposition of the monoclonal light chain can be frequently noted in multiple organs including the heart and kidney. The light chain deposition can be either isolated lambda or gamma chain and they are classified accordingly. While serum electrophoresis at an early presentation may reveal underlying monoclonal gammopathy, the immunofluorescence and histopathological examination of renal biopsy remain the mainstay diagnostic tool. Objective: The case study was done because of its uniqueness in the usage of a novel strategy in the treatment of MIDD. Results: In the current case, a 52-year-old male presented with chest pain and NYHA grade 3 dyspnea for 8 days along with bilateral lower limb pitting oedema since 3 months. In certain prevailing situations, a patient can be misdiagnosed with ischemic heart disease or acute on chronic renal failure. However, detailed history and time-bound investigation will act as a safeguard. Conclusion: When patients have no co-morbidities and no addictions, and the patient’s investigation reveals heavy proteinuria, the rheumatological and haematological etiologies must be ruled out to establish a final diagnosis for timely treatment. As in our case, the rheumatological work-up was negative but we found an M band spike on serum electrophoresis, which expedited our search for underlying plasma-cell dyscrasia.
Cystoperitoneal Shunting for Patient with Hydrocephalus Associated with Aqueductal Obstruction in Dandy-Walker Malformation: A Case Report
Authors: Niryana I Wayan , Awyono Steven , Putra Kevin Kristian , Maliawan Sri , Golden Nyoman , Mahadewa Tjokorda Gde Bagus , Maliawan Made Gemma Daniswara
Published: September 2022

Dandy-Walker Malformation presents as a congenital anomaly that affects the posterior fossa. Presenting hydrocephalus as secondary to Dandy-Walker Malformation is the main concern and complication. The cyst formation in the posterior fossa obstructs the cerebrospinal flow that led to the hydrocephalus. Ideal management to treat Dandy-Walker malformation are varied. Shunting, cyst excision, and endoscopy third ventriculostomy are the proposed management. Case Report Presenting a case of a 1-month-age male baby who was diagnosed with vermis agenesis and posterior fossa enlargement by antenatal ultrasound. Later on, Magnetic Resonance Imaging revealed Dandy-Walker Malformation with hydrocephalus and aqueduct obstruction. Cystoperitoneal shunt was performed for this patient. Proximal shunt trajectory measured from Magnetic Resonance Imaging. As the goal of therapy is to achieve normal development, this patient needs long-term follow-up in collaboration with pediatric and physiotherapy. After 18 months of follow-up, he was able to crawl with routine and proper physiotherapy. Conclusion Hydrocephalus in Dandy-Walker Malformation patients related to aqueduct obstruction may be treated with a single Cystoperitoneal shunt. Aqueduct obstruction in these patients may be temporary due to high pressure on the posterior fossa that pushed the vermis forward. Cystoperitoneal shunt may reduce posterior fossa pressure and then deprive the pressure that obstructs aqueduct.
Formación en revisión sistemática como modalidad de TFG:
Authors: Solís García Patricia , Arroyo Resino Delia , Camilli Trujillo Celia
Published: September 2022

INTRODUCCIÓN. Son diversos los cambios originados a partir del Espacio Europeo de Educación Superior y la Declaración de Bolonia de las universidades españolas, entre ellos, destacamos la obligatoriedad de los estudiantes de realizar un Trabajo de Fin de Grado (TFG). Partiendo de la importancia que tiene este trabajo, y centrándonos en la modalidad de revisiones sistemáticas, en esta investigación se analiza el efecto de un programa de formación en dicha modalidad sobre los conocimientos de los estudiantes que van a realizar un proyecto fin de grado utilizando la revisión sistemática. MÉTODO. Se utiliza un diseño mixto concurrente de triangulación: un diseño cuasiexperimental con pretest y postest sin grupo control en un estudio de caso. La muestra para los análisis cuantitativos fue seleccionada por accesibilidad contando con un total de 73 estudiantes, de los mismos 14 participaron de forma aleatoria y voluntaria en la realización de una entrevista. De esta manera, como instrumentos de recogida de información utilizamos un cuestionario formado por 24 ítems en una escala de respuesta Likert de 5 puntos y una entrevista estructurada con la finalidad de completar la información obtenida en los cuestionarios. RESULTADOS. Se encontraron diferencias significativas en todos los ítems entre las puntuaciones del pre y post, siendo superiores estas últimas, con tamaños del efecto muy grandes. Asimismo, el análisis del discurso mostró el paralelismo con los resultados cuantitativos y la satisfacción de los estudiantes tras la formación recibida. DISCUSIÓN. La presente investigación pone de manifiesto el impacto que tiene este tipo de formaciones en los estudiantes, siendo la misma efectiva para que los alumnos adquieran las habilidades básicas que les permita llevar a cabo revisiones sistemáticas en la realización del TFG. Se destaca, por tanto, la necesidad de que las universidades ofrezcan este tipo de formación como parte del proceso de enseñanza-aprendizaje.
Voe Alto, mas Não Acima de Mim: Um Caso de Ensino sobre Governança Coorporativa na Smilles
Authors: Dias Brio Anderson , Silva dos Santos Allisson , Scartaty Moreira Caritsa
Published: September 2022

Este caso retrata a relação entre os acionistas minoritários e o majoritário da Smiles. Apresentam-se fatos em que a controladora, a Gol Linhas Aéreas, tomou decisões sobre a controlada, como, por exemplo, alteração na política de proventos, compra antecipada de passagens aéreas e anúncio de não renovação de contratos entre as firmas. Essas decisões resultaram em uma desvalorização dos papéis da empresa de milhagens, não agradaram os acionistas minoritários e trouxeram impactos na relação entre as duas empresas. Destaca-se, ainda, que a Gol, como acionista majoritária, busca a reintegração total da empresa de milhagens para os seus ativos, retirando a sua independência administrativa e jurídica. Nesse sentido, o caso apresenta um dilema principal: A incorporação da Smiles pela Gol deverá ser feita mesmo que os acionistas minoritários sejam prejudicados? Os objetivos pedagógicos do caso envolvem: discutir a existência de conflitos de agência entre as companhias, discutir as implicações dos termos de negociação para os acionistas minoritários e, por fim, analisar como as ações da governança corporativa podem mitigar os possíveis conflitos. A análise do caso pode ser realizada junto aos alunos de graduação e pós-graduação dos cursos de Administração, Economia e Contabilidade. Ainda, este caso potencializa a discussão do uso da governança corporativa como instrumento para alinhar interesses e mitigar conflitos de agência, a partir de uma situação real de duas empresas de grande porte listadas em Bolsa.
Now or never
Authors: Sheikh-Sobeh Nadine
Published: September 2022

Our Political Editor
Net zero surgery: proof of concept and uncertainties
Authors: Bhangu A , Frankling C , Glasbey JC , Kamarajah SK , Li E , Nepogodiev D , Picciochi M , Simoes JFF
Published: September 2022

With climate change becoming an increasingly urgent challenge, can we turn net zero surgery into reality and transform surgical practice in the NHS?
Shared (carbon-considered) decision making?
Authors: Green R , Hunwicks K , Johanson E , Loughran D
Published: September 2022

You’ve almost certainly never discussed carbon impact as part of consent and shared decision making. Should you start to?