bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Oxygen, nitrogen co-doped molybdenum disulphide nanoflowers for an excellent antifungal activity
Authors: Basu Parbati , Mukherjee Khushi , Khamrui Sudipta , Mukherjee Subharaj , Ahmed Maudud , Acharya Krishnendu , Banerjee Debamalya , Nambissan Padinharu M. G. , Chatterjee Kuntal
Published: July 2020

The engineering of pristine low dimensional materials towards society-needed functionalities is the driving force for cultivation the field of nano–bio research.
Role of gold nanoparticles in advanced biomedical applications
Authors: Bansal Suneev Anil , Kumar Vanish , Karimi Javad , Singh Amrinder Pal , Kumar Suresh
Published: July 2020

Gold nanoparticles (GNPs) have generated keen interest among researchers in recent years due to their excellent physicochemical properties.
FeCl2 monolayer on HOPG: art of growth and momentum filtering effect
Authors: Cai Shihao , Yang Fang , Gao Chunlei
Published: July 2020

We have achieved the growth of the monolayer FeCl2 monolayer on the HOPG substrate by molecular beam epitaxy. The thin film is found to be insulating associated with momentum filtered tunneling effects using scanning tunneling microscope.
Multi-terminal ionic-gated low-power silicon nanowire synaptic transistors with dendritic functions for neuromorphic systems
Authors: Li Xiaokang , Yu Bocheng , Wang Bowen , Bao Lin , Zhang Baotong , Li Haixia , Yu Zhizhen , Zhang Teng , Yang Yuancheng , Huang Ru , Wu Yanqing , Li Ming
Published: July 2020

Neuromorphic computing systems have shown powerful capability in tasks, such as recognition, learning, classification and decision-making, which are both challenging and inefficient in using the traditional computation architecture.
Chemoselective H/D exchange catalyzed by nickel nanoparticles stabilized by N-heterocyclic carbene ligands
Authors: Bouzouita Donia , Asensio Juan M. , Pfeifer Viktor , Palazzolo Alberto , Lecante Pierre , Pieters Grégory , Feuillastre Sophie , Tricard Simon , Chaudret Bruno
Published: July 2020

Noble metal-free nanoparticles are used as catalysts for H/D exchange, with a regioselectivity tuned by the nature of the ligands.
Photochemical benzylic radical arylation promoted by supported Pd nanostructures
Authors: Gawargy Teresa A. , Costa Paolo , Lanterna Anabel E. , Scaiano Juan C.
Published: July 2020

We report a novel way to promote photochemical benzylic radical arylations using Pd nanostructures.
Drug–polymer conjugates with dynamic cloud point temperatures based on poly(2-oxazoline) copolymers
Authors: Park Jong-Ryul , Sarwat Mariah , Bolle Eleonore C. L. , de Laat Melody A. , Van Guyse Joachim F. R. , Podevyn Annelore , Hoogenboom Richard , Dargaville Tim R.
Published: July 2020

A shift in cloud point temperatures of poly(2-oxazoline)/ACE inhibitor polymer drug conjugates occurs on release of the drug.
Supramolecular behaviour and fluorescence of rhodamine-functionalised ROMP polymers
Authors: Birchall Lee T. , Shehata Sara , McCarthy Sean , Shepherd Helena J. , Clark Ewan R. , Serpell Christopher J. , Biagini Stefano C. G.
Published: July 2020

A ROMP platform leading to rhodamine B containing amphiphilic block copolymers, which self-assemble into micelles which are able to sequester molecular dyes and interact with them by energy transfer. The polymer micelles do not interact with DNA.
High molar mass cyclic poly(l-lactide) obtained by means of neat tin(ii) 2-ethylhexanoate
Authors: Kricheldorf Hans R. , Weidner Steffen M.
Published: July 2020

l-Lactide was polymerized in bulk at 120, 140, 160 and 180 °C with neat tin(ii) 2-ethylhexanoate (SnOct2) as the catalyst and a cyclic topology was detected.
The role of neutral donor ligands in the isoselective ring-opening polymerization of rac-β-butyrolactone
Authors: Dong Xiang , Robinson Jerome R.
Published: July 2020

Simple achiral neutral donor ligands modify catalyst structure and function to enable access to isoenriched poly-3-hydroxybutyrate, a biodegradable material with properties similar to isotactic polypropylene.
Starting at the beginning: endoplasmic reticulum proteostasis and systemic amyloid disease
Authors: Romine Isabelle C. , Wiseman R. Luke
Published: July 2020

Systemic amyloid diseases are characterized by the deposition of an amyloidogenic protein as toxic oligomers and amyloid fibrils on tissues distal from the site of protein synthesis. Traditionally, these diseases have been viewed as disorders of peripheral target tissues where aggregates are deposited, and toxicity is observed. However, recent evidence highlights an important role for endoplasmic reticulum (ER) proteostasis pathways within tissues synthesizing and secreting amyloidogenic proteins, such as the liver, in the pathogenesis of these disorders. Here, we describe the pathologic implications of ER proteostasis and its regulation on the toxic extracellular aggregation of amyloidogenic proteins implicated in systemic amyloid disease pathogenesis. Furthermore, we discuss the therapeutic potential for targeting ER proteostasis to reduce the secretion and toxic aggregation of amyloidogenic proteins to mitigate peripheral amyloid-associated toxicity involved in the onset and progression of systemic amyloid diseases.
Properties of Lexical Diversity in the Narratives of Children With Typical Language Development and Developmental Language Disorder
Authors: Charest Monique , Skoczylas Melissa J. , Schneider Phyllis
Published: July 2020

Purpose

We examined four measures of lexical diversity in the narratives of children with typical language development (TLD) and developmental language disorder (DLD) that comprised the normative sample of the Edmonton Narrative Norms Instrument (Schneider et al., 2005). The purpose was to document the properties of each measure with respect to variations in utterance and sample length, developmental trends, and group differences.

Method

The sample consisted of 377 picture-elicited, story generation transcripts from children with TLD (
n
= 300) and DLD (
n
= 77) aged 4–9 years. We extracted the moving-average type–token ratio (MATTR) and the number of different words from the full sample, from samples equated for the number of utterances, and from samples equated for the total number of words.

Results

MATTR was the only measure to show no relationships to utterance or sample length. All measures showed significant positive growth with age and significant groupwise differences between children with TLD and DLD. However, the magnitude of age effects and differentiation between groups varied considerably across measures. Across measures, there were significant differences in the number of children with DLD who were identified with low lexical diversity relative to their same-age peers in the TLD group.

Conclusion

The results of this study support the view that different measures of lexical diversity may be appropriate for different clinical purposes. It is important for clinicians to understand how measures of lexical diversity function in order to make educated choices among measures and ensure appropriate interpretation.
The Importance of Morphological Awareness in Bilingual Language and Literacy Skills: Clinical Implications for Speech-Language Pathologists
Authors: Fumero Keisey , Tibi Sana
Published: July 2020

Purpose

This clinical focus article will highlight the importance and role of morphological awareness (MA) across orthographies, in particular, the role it plays in reading development, specifically with bilingual populations. MA supports reading acquisition and development beyond other predictors of reading, such as phonological awareness, orthographic knowledge, and rapid automatic naming to name a few. While MA aids in the development of decoding fluency, vocabulary development, and reading comprehension, explicit morphological instruction does not occur regularly in reading intervention. For English learners (ELs), instruction should focus on improving MA, semantic awareness, and orthographic processing, which in turn would exert a positive influence on reading accuracy, fluency, and comprehension. This clinical focus article aims to provide speech-language pathologists with applicable tasks to measure MA and strategies to guide explicit morphological instruction.

Method

The role of MA in reading development will be described with regard to its importance beyond other predictors and the role it plays in theoretical models of reading development. Then, MA will be described across orthographies, with a focus on cross-linguistic influences. Finally, measurement tasks will be described, and clinical implications will be discussed in terms of using different strategies and tools to explicitly address MA.

Conclusion

Clinical implications of morphological instruction should be further explored and incorporated in current practices. With regard to ELs, it is important that we provide effective and specific instruction to better bridge the academic achievement gaps and increase overall language and literacy skills. Morphological instruction should be explicit and provided in conjunction with other domains of language. Equally important is leveraging families of ELs to promote their children's oral language and literacy in their first language.
X-ray spectra of the Fe-L complex
Authors: Gu Liyi , Shah Chintan , Mao Junjie , Raassen Ton , de Plaa Jelle , Pinto Ciro , Akamatsu Hiroki , Werner Norbert , Simionescu Aurora , Mernier François , Sawada Makoto , Mohanty Pranav , Amaro Pedro , Gu Ming Feng , Porter F. Scott , Crespo López-Urrutia José R. , Kaastra Jelle S.
Published: July 2020

TheHitomiresults for the Perseus cluster have shown that accurate atomic models are essential to the success of X-ray spectroscopic missions and just as important as the store of knowledge on instrumental calibration and astrophysical modeling. Preparing the models requires a multifaceted approach, including theoretical calculations, laboratory measurements, and calibration using real observations. In a previous paper, we presented a calculation of the electron impact cross sections on the transitions forming the Fe-L complex. In the present work, we systematically tested the calculation against cross-sections of ions measured in an electron beam ion trap experiment. A two-dimensional analysis in the electron beam energies and X-ray photon energies was utilized to disentangle radiative channels following dielectronic recombination, direct electron-impact excitation, and resonant excitation processes in the experimental data. The data calibrated through laboratory measurements were further fed into a global modeling of theChandragrating spectrum of Capella. We investigated and compared the fit quality, as well as the sensitivity of the derived physical parameters to the underlying atomic data and the astrophysical plasma modeling. We further list the potential areas of disagreement between the observations and the present calculations, which, in turn, calls for renewed efforts with regard to theoretical calculations and targeted laboratory measurements.
Ubiquitous NH3 supersonic component in L1688 coherent cores
Authors: Choudhury Spandan , Pineda Jaime E. , Caselli Paola , Ginsburg Adam , Offner Stella S. R. , Rosolowsky Erik , Friesen Rachel K. , Alves Felipe O. , Chacón-Tanarro Ana , Punanova Anna , Redaelli Elena , Kirk Helen , Myers Philip C. , Martin Peter G. , Shirley Yancy , Chun-Yuan Chen Michael , Goodman Alyssa A. , Di Francesco James
Published: July 2020

Context. Star formation takes place in cold dense cores in molecular clouds. Earlier observations have found that dense cores exhibit subsonic non-thermal velocity dispersions. In contrast, CO observations show that the ambient large-scale cloud is warmer and has supersonic velocity dispersions.

Aims. We aim to study the ammonia (NH3) molecular line profiles with exquisite sensitivity towards the coherent cores in L1688 in order to study their kinematical properties in unprecedented detail.

Methods. We used NH3 (1,1) and (2,2) data from the first data release (DR1) in the Green Bank Ammonia Survey (GAS). We first smoothed the data to a larger beam of 1′ to obtain substantially more extended maps of velocity dispersion and kinetic temperature, compared to the DR1 maps. We then identified the coherent cores in the cloud and analysed the averaged line profiles towards the cores.

Results. For the first time, we detected a faint (mean NH3(1,1) peak brightness < 0.25 K in TMB), supersonic component towards all the coherent cores in L1688. We fitted two components, one broad and one narrow, and derived the kinetic temperature and velocity dispersion of each component. The broad components towards all cores have supersonic linewidths (ℳS ≥ 1). This component biases the estimate of the narrow dense core component’s velocity dispersion by ≈28% and the kinetic temperature by ≈10%, on average, as compared to the results from single-component fits.

Conclusions. Neglecting this ubiquitous presence of a broad component towards all coherent cores causes the typical single-component fit to overestimate the temperature and velocity dispersion. This affects the derived detailed physical structure and stability of the cores estimated from NH3 observations.
The Carnegie Supernova Project II
Authors: Moriya T. J. , Stritzinger M. D. , Taddia F. , Morrell N. , Suntzeff N. B. , Contreras C. , Gall C. , Hjorth J. , Ashall C. , Burns C. R. , Busta L. , Campillay A. , Castellón S. , Corco C. , Davis S. , Galbany L. , González C. , Holmbo S. , Hsiao E. Y. , Maund J. R. , Phillips M. M.
Published: July 2020

We present optical and near-infrared photometry and spectroscopy of the Type IIn supernova, (SN) 2014ab, obtained by the Carnegie Supernova Project II and initiated immediately after its optical discovery. We also study public mid-infrared photometry obtained by the Wide-field Infrared Survey Explorer satellite extending from 56 days prior to the optical discovery to over 1600 days. The light curve of SN 2014ab evolves slowly, while the spectra exhibit strong emission features produced from the interaction between rapidly expanding ejecta and dense circumstellar matter. The light curve and spectral properties are very similar to those of SN 2010jl. The estimated mass-loss rate of the progenitor of SN 2014ab is of the order of 0.1 M⊙ yr−1 under the assumption of spherically symmetric circumstellar matter and steady mass loss. Although the mid-infrared luminosity increases due to emission from dust, which is characterized by a blackbody temperature close to the dust evaporation temperature (∼2000 K), there were no clear signatures of in situ dust formation observed within the cold dense shell located behind the forward shock in SN 2014ab in the early phases. Mid-infrared emission of SN 2014ab may originate from pre-existing dust located within dense circumstellar matter that is heated by the SN shock or shock-driven radiation. Finally, for the benefit of the community, we also present five near-infrared spectra of SN 2010jl obtained between 450 to 1300 days post-discovery in the appendix.
The GTC exoplanet transit spectroscopy survey
Authors: Murgas F. , Chen G. , Nortmann L. , Palle E. , Nowak G.
Published: July 2020

Context. One of the main atmospheric features in exoplanet atmospheres, detectable both from ground- and space-based facilities, is Rayleigh scattering. In hydrogen-dominated planetary atmospheres, Rayleigh scattering causes the measured planetary radius to increase toward blue wavelengths in the optical range.

Aims. We aim to detect and improve our understanding of several features in the optical range observable in planetary atmospheres. We focus on studying transiting exoplanets that present a wide range of orbital periods, masses, radii, and irradiation from their host star.

Methods. We obtained a spectrophotometric time series of one transit of the Saturn-mass planet WASP-69b using the OSIRIS instrument at the Gran Telescopio Canarias. From the data we constructed 19 spectroscopic transit light curves representing 20 nm wide wavelength bins spanning from 515 to 905 nm. We derived the transit depth for each curve individually by fitting an analytical model together with a Gaussian process to account for systematic noise in the light curves.

Results. We find that the transit depth increases toward bluer wavelengths, indicative of a larger effective planet radius. Our results are consistent with space-based measurements obtained in the near infrared using the Hubble Space Telescope, which show a compatible slope of the transmission spectrum. We discuss the origin of the detected slope and argue between two possible scenarios: a Rayleigh scattering detection originating in the planet’s atmosphere or a stellar activity induced signal from the host star.
Sensitivity of LEKID for space applications between 80 GHz and 600 GHz
Authors: Catalano A. , Bideaud A. , Bourrion O. , Calvo M. , Fasano A. , Goupy J. , Levy-Bertrand F. , Macías-Pérez J. F. , Ponthieu N. , Tang Q. Y. , Monfardini A.
Published: July 2020

We report the design, fabrication, and testing of lumped element kinetic inductance detectors (LEKID) showing performance in line with the requirements of the next generation space telescopes operating in the spectral range from 80 GHz to 600 GHz. This range is of particular interest for cosmic microwave background studies. For this purpose we designed and fabricated 100 pixel arrays covering five distinct bands. These wafers were measured via multiplexing, in which a full array is read out using a single pair of lines. We adopted a custom cold black body installed in front of the detectors and regulated at temperatures between 1 K and 20 K. In this paper, we describe in the main design considerations, fabrication processes, testing and data analysis.
Testsequenzen für den Praktiker
Authors: Schulze Elke , Kubat Heike
Published: July 2020

Symptome in der kraniozervikalen Region können Hinweise für eine ernsthafte Erkrankung sein. Als Manualtherapeuten eruieren wir mögliche Kontraindikationen einer Intervention, darunter die Anzeichen einer Dysfunktion hirnzuführender Arterien sowie die neurologischen Zeichen einer Blutung oder Ischämie im Gehirn.

Für das Symptom akuter Kopfschmerz empfiehlt sich die Verwendung einer Red-Flags-Liste und bei akuten Schwindelbeschwerden die Überprüfung der HINTS-Kriterien (Head Impulse Test, Nystagmus-Test und Test of Skew). Ebenso gibt es Tests für die ligamentäre Stabilität und die intakten Kompensationsmöglichkeiten bei gehaltenen Einstellungen der HWS.

Dieser 4. Teil der Artikelreihe beschreibt die sicherheitsrelevanten Aspekte, die Therapeuten sorgfältige überprüfen müssen, bevor sie Nutzen und Risiko einer therapeutischen Intervention abwägen können.
Manipulation erzeugt bei chronischem LBP ähnliche Verbesserungen wie andere empfohlene Therapien
Authors: Vielitz Arne
Published: July 2020

Rubinstein SM, de Zoete A, van Middelkoop M et al. Benefits and Harms of Spinal Manipulative Therapy for the Treatment of Chronic Low Back Pain: Systematic Review and Meta-analysis of Randomised Controlled Trials. BMJ 2019; 364: l689. doi: 10.1136/bmj.l689
Es wichtiger, wie als wie viel sich Menschen mit chronischen Schmerzen bewegen
Authors: Vielitz Arne
Published: July 2020

Olugbade T, Bianchi-Berthouze N, Williams ACC. The Relationship between Guarding, Pain, and Emotion. Pain Rep 2019; 4: e770. doi: 10.1097/PR9.0000000000000770
Antenatal Detection of True Knot in the Umbilical Cord – How Accurate Can We Be?
Authors: Weissmann-Brenner Alina , Domniz Noam , Weissbach Tal , Mazaki-Tovi Shalev , Achiron Reuven , Weisz Boaz , Kassif Eran
Published: July 2020

Background Umbilical cord knot (UCK) is associated with increased risk of fetal death, but is usually diagnosed only after delivery. Our objective was to examine the accuracy of prenatal ultrasound in the diagnosis of UCK and the outcomes of these pregnancies.

Methods A prospective study was performed on 56 patients in which UCK was suspected during a routine level-II anatomical scan (study group). Data included demographics, pregnancy outcome, and short-term neonatal follow-up. The control group included pregnant women with normal pregnancy without UCK in a 4:1 ratio matched for gestational age at delivery.

Results True knot was observed postnatally in 54 out of 56 fetuses (detection rate of 96.4 %). Gestational age at diagnosis of UCK was 22.1 ± 3.1 weeks. The female to male ratio was 1:1 in both groups. Maternal age and parity were significantly higher in pregnancies with UCK compared to controls. The mean gestational age at delivery was 37.1 weeks of gestation in the UCK group. There was no difference in the birthweight percentile. 47 patients (87 %) underwent induction of labor. There were no differences in the rate of cesarean section or Apgar scores. No neonate with UCK needed ventilation. None suffered from seizures and none needed brain imaging. There were no cases of fetal or neonatal death in the pregnancies with UCK.

Conclusion There is a high detection rate of UCK during targeted scan of the umbilical cord performed during the level-II anatomical scan. Careful pregnancy follow-up and early term delivery may result in excellent obstetrical outcomes.
Repetitive Head Trauma Induces Chronic Traumatic Encephalopathy by Multiple Mechanisms
Authors: Cherry Jonathan D. , Babcock Katharine J. , Goldstein Lee E.
Published: July 2020

Exposure to repetitive neurotrauma increases lifetime risk for developing progressive cognitive deficits, neurobehavioral abnormalities, and chronic traumatic encephalopathy (CTE). CTE is a tau protein neurodegenerative disease first identified in boxers and recently described in athletes participating in other contact sports (notably American football, ice hockey, rugby, and wrestling) and in military veterans with blast exposure. Currently, CTE can only be diagnosed by neuropathological examination of the brain after death. The defining diagnostic lesion of CTE consists of patchy perivascular accumulations of hyperphosphorylated tau protein that localize in the sulcal depths of the cerebral cortex. Neuronal abnormalities, axonopathy, neurovascular dysfunction, and neuroinflammation are triggered by repetitive head impacts (RHIs) and likely act as catalysts for CTE pathogenesis and progression. However, the specific mechanisms that link RHI to CTE are unknown. This review will explore two important areas of CTE pathobiology. First, we will review what is known about the biomechanical properties of RHI that initiate CTE-related pathologies. Second, we will provide an overview of key features of CTE neuropathology and how these contribute to abnormal tau hyperphosphorylation, accumulation, and spread.
Editorial
Authors: Kucera Martin
Published: July 2020

Die deutsche Kliniklandschaft erlebt unruhige Zeiten. Trotz Pandemie und knapper Kassen gilt es, nicht nur den eigenen Standort zu sichern, sondern auch den gestiegen Patientenansprüchen und dem Nachhaltigkeitsgedanken Rechnung zu tragen. Der aktuelle kma Report „Bauen, Planen, Technik“ geht der Frage nach, wie Krankenhäuser diesen Herausforderungen gerecht werden können. Neben einem richtungsweisenden Neubauprojekt, den neuen Möglichkeiten in Sachen Energiesparen, Einrichtung und Ausstattung zeigen wir auch, wie sich Projektplanungen möglichst reibungslos umsetzen lassen. Lesen Sie außerdem, wie das Analyseinstrument Technische Due Diligence Investoren und Bauherren bei Bauentscheidungen unterstützt – und welchen Mehrwert das baubegleitende Facility Management bietet.
Krankenhausbau: Das Klinikum der Zukunft
Authors: Nagel Bianca , Drehsen Olaf
Published: July 2020

In 2019 wurden die beiden Klinikstandorte Kiel und Lübeck des Universitätsklinikums Schleswig-Holstein nach umfassenden Neubaumaßnahmen und jeweils ungefähr vierjähriger Bauzeit fertiggestellt. Seitdem zählen sie zu den modernsten Kliniken in Europa. Die Neuerungen kommen sowohl den Patienten als auch dem Personal zugute.
Krankenhaus Trifft Klimaschutz: Effizienz, die sich gleich doppelt rechnet
Authors: Heeser Alexandra
Published: July 2020

Kliniken zählen zu den größten Energieschleudern in Deutschland. Ein Klinikbett verbraucht pro Jahr im Durchschnitt so viel Energie wie vier neuere Einfamilienhäuser. Doch auch Krankenhäuser können das Klima schützen. Das Schöne daran: Sie verbessern damit nicht nur ihre Energiebilanz, sondern auch ihr Budget und die Patientenversorgung.
Inneneinrichtung: Die Ästhetik-Offensive
Authors: Kucera Martin
Published: July 2020

Der Wettbewerb um den Patienten als Kunden wird mit harten Bandagen geführt. Immer häufiger investieren Kliniken deshalb auch in ihre Inneneinrichtung. Die schicken Möbel, glanzvollen Bäder und ansprechend gestalteten Räumlichkeiten dienen nicht nur als Marketingfaktor, sondern haben auch positiven Einfluss auf den Heilungsprozess.
Krankenhaus-Catering: Haute Cuisine im Krankenhaus
Authors: Heeser Alexandra
Published: July 2020

Lufthansa und die Deutsche Bahn haben es vorgemacht: Spitzenköche polieren das Image des Flugzeugessens und Speisewagens auf. Jetzt ziehen Krankenhäuser nach. Neben einer exzellenten medizinischen Versorgung hält jetzt auch Speisenqualität auf Sterneniveau vielerorts Einzug.
Decomposition rules for quantum Rényi mutual information with an application to information exclusion relations
Authors: McKinlay Alexander , Tomamichel Marco
Published: July 2020

We prove decomposition rules for quantum Rényi mutual information, generalizing the relation I(A : B) = H(A) − H(A|B) to inequalities between Rényi mutual information and Rényi entropy of different orders. The proof uses Beigi’s generalization of Reisz–Thorin interpolation to operator norms [J. Math. Phys. 54(12), 122202 (2013)] and a variation of the argument developed by Dupuis [J. Math. Phys. 56, 022203 (2015)], which was used to show chain rules for conditional Rényi entropies. The resulting decomposition rule is then applied to establish an information exclusion relation for Rényi mutual information, generalizing the original relation by Hall [Phys. Rev. Lett. 74, 3307 (1995)].
Luminescent down-shifting film based on optimized mixture of organic dyes for improving the performance of P3HT:PC61BM photovoltaic devices
Authors: Pardo Perdomo A. , Vignoto Fernandes R. , Artico Cordeiro N. J. , Franchello F. , Toledo da Silva M. A. , Leonil Duarte J. , Laureto E.
Published: July 2020

During the last few years, great interest has been given to research in organic solar cells. Apart from the low cost techniques needed for the production of the active layers, the plasticity of these types of materials offers an additional benefit compared to traditional silicon-based solar cells. However, the commercialization of organic photovoltaic technologies is limited by rapid degradation and low efficiency. Recently, the use of luminescent down-shifting (LDS) films has been explored as a tool for increasing the external quantum efficiency of organic-based devices. A previously observed superposition in the emission–absorption spectra of Kremer blue (Kb) and Coumarin 7 (C7) dyes suggests that an energy transfer process can take place among these molecules. Decay time photoluminescence measurements in Kb100−xC7x samples were carried out to confirm a Föster resonance energy transfer process. An optimization process following the design of experiments methodology was carried out to adjust the optical properties of Kb100−xC7x films for applications in the P3HT:PC61BM organic photovoltaic device. An increment of 18.6% in the short circuit current density (Jsc) of P3HT:PC61BM devices coated with a Kb92.5C77.5 LDS film was observed. A degradation test shows a rapid drop in the electric current density of devices without the LDS film, which we attribute to the so-called burn-in, widely reported in the literature. For devices coated with the Kb92.5C77.5 LDS film, no rapid drop in the electric current density was observed, suggesting that the use of the luminescent layer mitigates the photoinduced burn-in loss.
Entropic transport in a crowded medium
Authors: Arango-Restrepo A. , Rubi J. M.
Published: July 2020

To know how liquid matter moves through a crowded medium due to the action of a force constitutes currently a problem of great practical importance, present in cases as diverse as the transport of particles through a cell membrane and through a particulate porous medium. To calculate the mass flow through the system, we present an approach that emulates the texture of the medium by using entropic barriers that the particles must overcome in order to move. The model reproduces the scaling behavior of the velocity with the force found in many systems in order to show how the scaling exponent depends on the micro-structure of the medium. Our model offers a new perspective that is able to characterize the flow of matter through the medium and may be useful in studies of nano-fluids, oil recovery, soil drainage, tissue engineering, and drug delivery.
The structure of ScC2 (X̃2A1): A combined Fourier transform microwave/millimeter-wave spectroscopic and computational study
Authors: Burton M. A. , Cheng Q. , Halfen D. T. , Lane J. H. , DeYonker N. J. , Ziurys L. M.
Published: July 2020

Pure rotational spectra of Sc13C2 (X̃2A1) and Sc12C13C (X̃2A′) have been measured using Fourier transform microwave/millimeter-wave methods. These molecules were synthesized in a DC discharge from the reaction of scandium vapor, produced via laser ablation, with 13CH4 or 13CH4/12CH4, diluted in argon. The NKa,Kc = 10,1 → 00,0, 20,2 → 10,1, 30,3 → 20,2, and 40,4 → 30,3 transitions in the frequency range of 14 GHz–61 GHz were observed for both species, each exhibiting hyperfine splittings due to the nuclear spins of 13C (I = 1/2) and/or Sc (I = 7/2). These data have been analyzed with an asymmetric top Hamiltonian, and rotational, spin-rotation, and hyperfine parameters have been determined for Sc13C2 and Sc12C13C. In addition, a quartic force field was calculated for ScC2 and its isotopologues using a highly accurate coupled cluster-based composite method, incorporating complete basis set extrapolation, scalar relativistic corrections, outer core and inner core electron correlation, and higher-order valence correlation effects. The agreement between experimental and computed rotational constants, including the effective constant (B + C), is ∼0.5% for all three isotopologues. This remarkable agreement suggests promise in predicting rotational spectra of new transition metal-carbon bearing molecules. In combination with previous work on Sc12C2, an accurate structure for ScC2 has been established using combined experimental (B, C) and theoretical (A) rotational constants. The radical is cyclic (or T-shaped) with r(Sc–C) = 2.048(2) Å, r(C–C) = 1.272(2) Å, and ∠(C–Sc–C) = 36.2(1)°. The experimental and theoretical results also suggest that ScC2 contains a C2− moiety and is largely ionic.
Demixing and tetratic ordering in some binary mixtures of hard superellipses
Authors: Mizani Sakine , Gurin Péter , Aliabadi Roohollah , Salehi Hamdollah , Varga Szabolcs
Published: July 2020

We examine the fluid phase behavior of binary mixtures of hard superellipses using the scaled particle theory. The superellipse is a general two-dimensional convex object that can be tuned between the elliptical and rectangular shapes continuously at a given aspect ratio. We find that the shape of the particle affects strongly the stability of isotropic, nematic, and tetratic phases in the mixture even if the side lengths of both species are fixed. While the isotropic–isotropic demixing transition can be ruled out using the scaled particle theory, the first order isotropic–nematic and the nematic–nematic demixing transition can be stabilized with strong fractionation between the components. It is observed that the demixing tendency is strongest in small rectangle–large ellipse mixtures. Interestingly, it is possible to stabilize the tetratic order at lower densities in the mixture of hard squares and rectangles where the long rectangles form a nematic phase, while the squares stay in the tetratic order.
Water permeation pathways in laminated organic single-crystal devices
Authors: Nouchi Ryo , Ishihara Yoshiaki , Ikeda Susumu
Published: July 2020

Water permeation pathways in electronic devices should be eliminated for the suppression of operational instabilities. We investigated possible pathways in field-effect transistors based on a laminated single crystal (SC) of an organic semiconductor, rubrene. Water-induced instabilities were found to be more obvious with a thicker rubrene SC. Furthermore, under our simulation conditions, molecular dynamics calculations of water diffusion on a rubrene SC showed that no water molecules penetrated the SC. These findings indicate that a space at the SC/substrate interface is a dominant pathway. The present study clearly shows the importance of conformality of SC lamination onto the underlying substrate.
Impact-induced glass-to-rubber transition of polyurea under high-velocity temperature-controlled microparticle impact
Authors: Sun Yuchen , Kooi Steven E. , Nelson Keith A. , Hsieh Alex J. , Veysset David
Published: July 2020

Deformation-induced glass transition in segmented elastomers has been proposed to allow highly desirable enhanced energy dissipation. In this study, we investigate the temperature-dependent microscale impact response of polyurea at a fixed impact velocity. We observe a local elevated impact energy absorption around 115 °C, which is attributed to the glass-to-rubber transition temperature under the present high-rate dynamic loading. Dielectric spectroscopy was performed, and the soft-segmental α2-relaxation was extracted and fit with a Havriliak–Negami function. The α2-relaxation frequency at 115 °C correlates well with an order-of-magnitude estimate of the equivalent frequency of deformation. This work further supports the importance of the dynamical Tg as an important consideration in the design of impact resistant materials.
Superoscillatory quartz lens with effective numerical aperture greater than one
Authors: Yuan G. H. , Lin Y.-H. , Tsai D. P. , Zheludev N. I.
Published: July 2020

We report super-resolution high-numerical-aperture and long-working-distance superoscillatory quartz lenses for focusing and imaging applications. At the wavelength of λ = 633 nm, the lenses have an effective numerical aperture of 1.25, a working distance of 200 μm, and a focus into a hotspot of 0.4λ. Confocal imaging with resolution determined by the superoscillatory hotspot size is experimentally demonstrated.
Evidence of weak antilocalization in quantum interference effects of (001) oriented La0.7Sr0.3MnO3–SrRuO3 superlattices
Authors: Sobhanan Helen Roshna , Prellier Wilfrid , Padhan Prahallad
Published: July 2020

Quantum corrections to conductivity in the ferromagnetic La0.7Sr0.3MnO3 (LSMO) and SrRuO3 (SRO) thin films depend on the structural mismatches and interfaces accommodating ions and their spins. Here, by making interfaces of LSMO and SRO in the form of artificial superlattices, we achieve positive magnetoresistance (MR) and weak antilocalization (WAL), although the individual component shows negative MR and weak localization (WL). The [20 unit cell (u.c.) LSMO/3 u.c. SRO]×15 superlattice stabilizes in tetragonal symmetry associated with the rhombohedral and orthorhombic structures and demonstrates the occurrence of the single magnon scattering process. The low-field MR of the superlattice fit to the Hikami–Larkin–Nagaoka expression yields 595 Å phase coherence length (lϕ) with WAL of carriers. As the SRO layer thickness in the superlattice increases to 5 u.c., the value of lϕ = 292 Å decreases, and positive MR increases confirm the manifestation of WAL by SRO. The orthorhombic symmetry of the SRO is preserved in the [20 u.c. SRO/3 u.c. LSMO]×15 superlattice, which shows the existence of locally cooperative bond-length fluctuations and conduction due to the scattering of the electron by the Fermi liquid electrons, bond length, and spin fluctuations. However, as the LSMO layer thickness in the superlattice is increased to 5 u.c., the WL effect suppresses WAL at the low field. The spin–orbit coupling associated with magnetic anisotropy, i.e., spin and bond length fluctuations, modifies the WL in the superlattices and leads to WAL, thereby achieving positive MR.
Effect of phonon-boundary scattering on phonon-drag factor in Seebeck coefficient of Si wire
Authors: Fauziah K. , Suzuki Y. , Nogita T. , Kamakura Y. , Watanabe T. , Salleh F. , Ikeda H.
Published: July 2020

For highly efficient thermoelectric devices with Si nanostructures, we have fabricated and characterized micro/nanometer-scaled Si wires preserving the phonon-drag effect in order to observe the impact of phonon-boundary scattering on the phonon-drag factor in its Seebeck coefficient. The observed phonon-drag factor in the Seebeck coefficient decreases with a decrease in the wire width, which is considered due to an increase in the boundary scattering of phonons. Since the boundary scattering is characterized by the specularity parameter, we measured the surface roughness of the wire and evaluated the specularity. It was found that the top surface of the Si wire has higher specularity compared with the sidewall of the wire in the range of phonon wavelength contributing to the phonon drag. This result qualitatively explains the fact that the phonon drag in the Seebeck coefficient is hardly affected by the wire thickness with a nanometer order, whereas the wire width influences it significantly even on a micrometer scale. Moreover, it is demonstrated that the phonon-drag effect in the Seebeck coefficient of Si nanostructures can be preserved while their thermal conductivity is lowered.
Synthesis of heat-shock proteins HSP-70 and HSP-90 in flowers of common buckwheat (Fagopyrum esculentum) under thermal stress
Authors: Płażek A. , Hura K. , Hura T. , Słomka A. , Hornyák M. , Sychta K.
Published: July 2020

Common buckwheat (Fagopyrum esculentum Moench) is a valuable crop plant with cereal-like seed chemical composition; however, it is susceptible to thermal stress. The aim of the study was to determine whether heat-shock proteins HSP-90 and HSP-70 can protect common buckwheat against thermal stress during development of microspores and embryo sacs. The study was performed on two accessions of common buckwheat, Panda and PA15, which differed in their tolerance to thermal stress. Accumulation of these proteins was determined in buds, open and wilted flowers, and donor leaves of plants grown at 20°C (control) and 30°C (thermal stress). Photochemical efficiency of donor leaves, closest to the inflorescences, based on chlorophyll a fluorescence (ChlF) was also analysed. All plants demonstrated higher values of ChlF at 30°C than at 20°C, which suggests that this 30°C temperature is more conducive to their vegetative growth. Pollen grains of both accessions demonstrated normal development at 30°C, whereas embryo sacs showed many developmental disturbances. Panda was more sensitive to thermal stress than PA15, as manifested in a higher percentage of degenerated embryo sacs at the flower bud phase. Moreover, a decrease in both HSPs in the studied organs of Panda was found relative to the control. At 30°C, both accessions accumulated more HSP-70 than HSP-90. These results suggest that, under heat stress, HSP-70 plays a protective role for flowers of common buckwheat. The analyses indicated that the donor leaf closest to the flower cluster may be a reliable indicator of temperature sensitivity in buckwheat flowers.
Fruit growth and sink strength in olive (Olea europaea) are related to cell number, not to tissue size
Authors: Rosati Adolfo , Caporali Silvia , Hammami Sofiene B. M. , Moreno-Alías Inmaculada , Rapoport Hava
Published: July 2020

The relationship between tissue (mesocarp and endocarp) growth and either tissue initial (i.e. in the ovary at bloom) size or cell number was studied using the olive cultivar Leccino (L) and its mutated clone (LC), which produces tetraploid fruits. LC ovaries were 2.7 times the volume of L ovaries, but contained an overall similar number of much larger cells. This allowed decoupling cell number and ovary size, which are normally closely correlated. With this decoupling, cell number in the ovary correlated with tissue growth in the fruit while tissue size in the ovary did not. Cell size in the ovary was inversely correlated with the tissue relative growth from bloom to harvest (i.e. the ratio between final and initial tissue size). These results support the hypothesis that cell number and not tissue size are related to fruit growth and sink strength, and that cell size in the ovary tissues is a good predictor of tissue growth, across cultivars and tissues, even when cell size is strongly affected by ploidy.
Montmorency tart cherry juice does not reduce markers of muscle soreness, function and inflammation following professional male rugby League match‐play
Authors: Morehen James C. , Clarke Jon , Batsford Jake , Barrow Stuart , Brown Alexander D. , Stewart Claire E. , Morton James P. , Close Graeme L.
Published: July 2020

Rugby League (RL) match‐play causes muscle damage, inflammation and symptoms of fatigue. To facilitate recovery, nutritional interventions are often employed, including Montmorency cherry juice (MC). We assessed the effects of MC on recovery following RL match‐play in eleven male professional RL players who played in two matches (7‐days apart) with MC or placebo (PLB) supplemented for 5‐days pre‐match, matchday and 2‐days post‐match. Blood was collected 48h pre‐match, half‐time, within 30‐mins of full‐time and 48h post‐match to assess Interleukin concentrations (IL‐6, −8 −10). Self‐reported sleep, fatigue, mood, stress, and muscle‐soreness were assessed 24h pre and 24 and 48h post‐matches with muscle function assessed 48h pre and 48h post‐match. No differences in distance covered (6334 ± 1944 Vs 6596 ± 1776m) and total collisions (28 ± 11 Vs 29 ± 13) were observed between both matches. There was a small albeit significant increase in IL‐6, −8 and −10 concentrations pre to post‐match in both PLB (IL‐6: 0.83 ± 0.92 Vs 2.91 ± 1.40, IL‐8: 2.16 ± 1.22 Vs 3.91 ± 1.61 and IL‐10: 2.51 ± 2.14 Vs 0.61 ± 0.50 pg.mL−1) and MC groups (IL‐6: 0.53 ± 0.53 Vs 2.24 ± 1.73, IL‐8: 1.85 ± 0.96 Vs 3.46 ± 1.12 and IL‐10: 0.48 ± 0.50 Vs 2.54 ± 2.10 pg.mL−1), although there were no significant differences between groups (P<0.05). Likewise, there was a small but significant increase in muscle soreness (P=0.01) and reduction in CMJ (P=0.003) with no significant differences between groups. No significant changes in sleep, fatigue or mood (P>0.05) were observed pre to post‐match or between groups. These data suggest MC does not affect the modest changes observed in cytokine responses and markers of recovery from RL match‐play.

Keywords: Team Sport, Nutrition, Performance, Recovery
Conserved metabolite regulation of stress granule assembly via AdoMet
Authors: Begovich Kyle , Vu Anthony Q. , Yeo Gene , Wilhelm James E.
Published: July 2020

Stress granules (SGs) are evolutionarily conserved condensates of ribonucleoproteins that assemble in response to metabolic stresses. Because aberrant SG formation is associated with amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS), understanding the connection between metabolic activity and SG composition can provide therapeutic insights into neurodegeneration. Here, we identify 17 metabolic enzymes recruited to yeast SGs in response to physiological growth stress. Furthermore, the product of one of these enzymes, AdoMet, is a regulator of SG assembly and composition. Decreases in AdoMet levels increase SG formation, while chronic elevation of AdoMet produces SG remnants lacking proteins associated with the 5′ end of transcripts. Interestingly, acute elevation of AdoMet blocks SG formation in yeast and motor neurons. Treatment of ALS-derived motor neurons with AdoMet also suppresses the formation of TDP-43–positive SGs, a hallmark of ALS. Together, these results argue that AdoMet is an evolutionarily conserved regulator of SG composition and assembly with therapeutic potential in neurodegeneration.
Stress-induced phosphorylation of CLIP-170 by JNK promotes microtubule rescue
Authors: Henrie Hélène , Bakhos-Douaihy Dalal , Cantaloube Isabelle , Pilon Antoine , Talantikite Maya , Stoppin-Mellet Virginie , Baillet Anita , Poüs Christian , Benoit Béatrice
Published: July 2020

The stress-induced c-Jun N-terminal kinase (JNK) controls microtubule dynamics by enhancing both microtubule growth and rescues. Here, we show that upon cell stress, JNK directly phosphorylates the microtubule rescue factor CLIP-170 in its microtubule-binding domain to increase its rescue-promoting activity. Phosphomimetic versions of CLIP-170 enhance its ability to promote rescue events in vitro and in cells. Furthermore, while phosphomimetic mutations do not alter CLIP-170’s capability to form comets at growing microtubule ends, both phosphomimetic mutations and JNK activation increase the occurrence of CLIP-170 remnants on the microtubule lattice at the rear of comets. As the CLIP-170 remnants, which are potential sites of microtubule rescue, display a shorter lifetime when CLIP-170 is phosphorylated, we propose that instead of acting at the time of rescue occurrence, CLIP-170 would rather contribute in preparing the microtubule lattice for future rescues at these predetermined sites.
Giant ankyrin-B suppresses stochastic collateral axon branching through direct interaction with microtubules
Authors: Chen Keyu , Yang Rui , Li Yubing , Zhou Jin Chuan , Zhang Mingjie
Published: July 2020

Giant ankyrin-B (gAnkB) is a 440-kD neurospecific ankyrin-B isoform and a high-confidence target for autism mutations. gAnkB suppresses axon branching through coordination of cortical microtubules, and autism-related mutation of gAnkB results in ectopic neuronal connectivity. We identified a bipartite motif from gAnkB, which bundles and avidly binds to microtubules in vitro. This motif is composed of a module of 15 tandem repeats followed by a short, conserved fragment also found in giant ankyrin-G (BG-box). Combination of these two parts synergistically increases microtubule-binding avidity. Transfection of astrocytes (which lack gAnkB) with WT gAnkB resulted in prominent bundling of microtubules, which did not occur with mutant gAnkB with impaired microtubule-binding activity. Similarly, rescue of gAnkB-deficient neurons with WT gAnkB suppressed axonal branching and invasion of EB3-tagged microtubules into filopodia, which did not occur with the same mutant gAnkB. Together, these findings demonstrate that gAnkB suppresses axon collateral branching and prevents microtubule invasion of nascent axon branches through direct interaction with microtubules.
Tissue specific requirement of Drosophila Rcd4 for centriole duplication and ciliogenesis
Authors: Panda Pallavi , Kovacs Levente , Dzhindzhev Nikola , Fatalska Agnieszka , Persico Veronica , Geymonat Marco , Riparbelli Maria Giovanna , Callaini Giuliano , Glover David M.
Published: July 2020

Rcd4 is a poorly characterized Drosophila centriole component whose mammalian counterpart, PPP1R35, is suggested to function in centriole elongation and conversion to centrosomes. Here, we show that rcd4 mutants exhibit fewer centrioles, aberrant mitoses, and reduced basal bodies in sensory organs. Rcd4 interacts with the C-terminal part of Ana3, which loads onto the procentriole during interphase, ahead of Rcd4 and before mitosis. Accordingly, depletion of Ana3 prevents Rcd4 recruitment but not vice versa. We find that neither Ana3 nor Rcd4 participates directly in the mitotic conversion of centrioles to centrosomes, but both are required to load Ana1, which is essential for such conversion. Whereas ana3 mutants are male sterile, reflecting a requirement for Ana3 for centriole development in the male germ line, rcd4 mutants are fertile and have male germ line centrioles of normal length. Thus, Rcd4 is essential in somatic cells but is not absolutely required in spermatogenesis, indicating tissue-specific roles in centriole and basal body formation.