FACTORS OF INFLUENCE AND CHARACTERISTIC TECHNIQUES OF FORMING THE ARCHITECTURE OF BUILDINGS FOR THE ELDERLY
Authors: Kravchenko Iryna , Akopnyk Svitlana 
Published: November 2024

The article presents an analysis of influencing factors on the formation of architecture for the elderly. Factors are conventionally grouped into external and internal. The characteristic methods of forming the architecture of institutions for the elderly are substantiated, as a certain response to the factors impact. Techniques are proposed to be considered in the following categories: structural-functional, volumetric-spatial and architectural-planning. Individual positions in each category are illustrated with architectural examples.External factors represent the environmental envelope under which the architectural object is formed, they include: socio-economic factor, urban planning factor, medical factor, etc. A powerful group of external influencing factors is the socio-economic component. The influence of this group of factors is particularly noticeable in the following aspects: socio-demographic aspect; socio-professional; socio-territorial aspect; socio-ethnic; economic aspects - the aging of the population creates problems for the economies of countries, and the health of the elderly is a concern. Internal factors include: characteristics of the contingent of residents in terms of motor activity, degree of self-care, etc.; the way of life of disabled categories; the nature of the processes that determine the functional blocks of the premises and their relationship; socio-psychological impact of the organization of the interior space of the house for coziness and comfort. Techniques for forming the architecture of institutions for the elderly are conditioned by the influence of external and internal factors and are a certain answer, a reaction to their action. Architecture for the elderly demonstrates a number of solutions, among which you can single out techniques that can be called general, but there are also those that claim certain uniqueness. It is proposed to analyze such methods in the following categories: structural-functional, volumetric-spatial and architectural-planning. Architecture for the elderly is currently becoming a much more powerful typological link than it was before. On the one hand, this is due to the progressive ageing of the population, and, as a result, increases in the share of elderly people in society, on the other hand, a change in the attitude towards such people, and now also a change in the concepts of creating an appropriate architectural product. Modern views — preserving the quality of life and encouraging active physical and mental actions — are formed into architectural concepts and offer new high-quality architecture under the influence of external and internal factors. Several methods defined in the article are already concrete means of creating an artificial space for the elderly, where almost every one of them is not a purely technical design, but has a certain philosophical basis and takes into account the specifics of the existence of the elderly in society at the moment, as well as long-term preservation of physical and mental health, encouragement to move, prevention of stiffness in one's condition.