bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Pengendalian Biologi dengan Daya Predasi Berbagai Jenis Ikan terhadap Larva Aedes Aegypti di Wilayah Kerja Puskesmas Tigo Baleh
Authors: Sari Mila , Novela Vina
Published: June 2020

Aedes Aegypty mosquito is a vector of dengue in tropical and subtropical regions. At present the eradication of dengue hemorrhagic fever has been done by eradicating mosquitoes, one of which is biological control. Biological control is carried out on the larvae of Aedes using predation power of various larvae. This is done in order to reduce the negative impact of the use of pesticides from chemicals. This control is intended so that fish larvae can prey on larvae in water reservoirs. This study aims to determine the most effective fish to become Aedes Aegypti larvae predators. This type of research uses an experimental method with Post test only design. This research was conducted with two test methods, namely laboratory tests and field tests in the Tigo Baleh Community Health Center. From the results of laboratory tests, there was a significant difference between the eating power of guppies, carp, tilapia, betta fish, betta fish, lead fish, larvae fish, and beunteur fish. The results showed that the most effective predation power was betta fish with a p value of 0,000. Field test found that there was a significant difference (p.Value = 0,000) between the feeding power of betta fish, lead fish, and larvae fish with the most effective predation level was betta fish. So it is necessary to socialize with the community so that people know and practice it directly.
Gambaran Higiene Sanitasi Pengelolaan Makanan di Rumah Sakit ABC Kabupaten Kubu Raya Kalimantan Barat
Authors: Sintia Faradila , . Susilawati , . Fathmawati
Published: June 2020

Hospital is a health service institution that conducts complete individual health services, which include inpatient, outpatient, and emergency services. Hospitals should minimize the source of diseases caused by food, especially for patients who are hospitalized, therefore hospitals must meet the hygiene requirements for food management. This study aims to describe the implementation of food management sanitation hygiene at ABC Hospital Kubu Raya Regency. This was a descriptive study by observing the components of food management sanitation hygiene at ABC Hospital. Data were collected using a checklist. The analysis was done by comparing the results obtained with the assessment component based on the some Minister of Health regulations. The results of this study indicate that some components of food management must be improved in order to ensure the safety and health of users. Further research needs to develop an instrument for assessing food-management sanitation hygiene in a hospital.
Culture-Based Language Classes: Bringing Cultural Competency to Pre-Service Teachers in Colombia
Authors: Carpenter Carolyn
Published: June 2020

To discover an innovative solution to improve Foreign Language Teaching (FLT) proficiency which includes language, critical thinking, intercultural, and pedagogical skills, researchers examined the base of any language: culture. After surveying current students, professors, and alumni of a Colombian foreign language licensure program and reviewing Colombian and international research conducted on the topic, it has been determined that there has been a divorce separating language from its culture at the beginner and intermediate levels of the program’s English courses. Culture and intercultural skills are not the focal point of the curriculum which only inhibits students from reaching their potential of being highly proficient in a foreign language and becoming outstanding teachers in Colombia. Therefore, proficiency in Bryam’s (1997) Intercultural Communicative Competence (ICC) should be the main objective of all levels (beginner, intermediate, and advanced) of foreign language courses for pre-service teachers.
A Look into the Economics behind Cancer Interventions and Drug Development
Authors: Pankratz Steven , Seo Bosu
Published: June 2020

Cancer is an extraordinarily tough combatant and is quickly becoming the number one cause of death in the world. With the global economic cost of cancer accumulating to $1.16 trillion in 2010, something has to be done to decrease this financial and societal weight that’s suffocating humanity. Through cost-effective analysis, it was found that cervical cancer interventions were the most cost-effective given their inclusion of advantageous preventative strategies at low costs. By implementing preventative measures, using a step-wise approach to treatment as dictated by the expansion path, and intervening at the earliest stages of cancer provide the most cost-effective outcomes. With revenues for pharmaceutical companies exceeding their research and development costs by potentially ten-fold only adds fuel to the fire on the drug pricing debate. Through cost-effective treatment of cancer and increased competition amongst pharmaceutical firms developing oncologic drugs to lower prices and increase patient access, the burden of cancer can begin to shrink.
Evaluation of Food Specific Immunoglobulin G (IgG)-Guided Exclusion Diet in the Treatment of Irritable Bowel Syndrome and Inflammatory Bowel disease
Authors: Uzunismail Hulya
Published: June 2020

From the beginning of this century, symptomatic improvements in different disorders with food specific immunoglobulin G (IgG)-guided exclusion diet have been reported. Most of them belong to gastrointestinal tract such as irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) and inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). Although this diet has given a chance of symptomatic improvement as the main treatment in IBS or adjuvant therapy in IBD, it is still a matter of debate. Presence of food specific IgG antibodies also in healthy individuals and the use of IgG4 antibodies, known as protective antibodies against excessive immune responses in some of these studies are the main causes of these controversies. Additionally, there is no definite nomenclature for the reaction mediated by food specific IgG antibodies, the name of food intolerance is often used and it makes confusion by evoking non-immune adverse food reactions. Finally, the underlying mechanisms of these improvements have not been fully elucidated yet. Removal of foods that cause intensive immune responses or non-IgE-mediated allergic reactions or increased mast cell activation through IgG-food antigen complexes are among the suggested mechanisms. The effectiveness of this diet, opposing views and possible mechanisms to explain symptomatic improvements are focused in this manuscript
RESOLUÇÃO DE PROBLEMAS: ANÁLISE DE PROPOSTAS DE ENSINO EM DISSERTAÇÕES DE MESTRADO PROFISSIONAL
Authors: Proença Marcelo Carlos de , Maia-Afonso Érika Janine
Published: June 2020

O objetivo do presente artigo é analisar as propostas de ensino amparadas na abordagem da resolução de problemas em dissertações brasileiras de mestrado profissional. Na modalidade de pesquisa bibliográfica, selecionamos 15 dissertações de mestrado profissional. Para análise, o uso da metassíntese qualitativa permitiu-nos elaborar descrições interpretativas sobre como a resolução de problemas foi adotada e implementada no ensino médio. Os resultados evidenciaram, no geral, que houve divergência em duas propostas de ensino no sentido de que havia referencial teórico queapontava o uso de problema como ponto de partida, porém foi seguido o formato de aplicação de conteúdos. No caso das convergências: a) há uma tendência das pesquisas situadas nos ensinos sobre e para resolução de problemas em seguirem um ensino voltado a “resolver problemas”; b) em quatro pesquisas situadas no ensino para resolução de problemas, evidencia-se a ideia de metodologia da resolução de problemas, possivelmente por levar os alunos a “resolverem problemas”. Finalizando, épreciso rever o uso da resolução de problemas após o ensino do conteúdo como forma de apenas “resolver problemas”, pois como essas dissertações implicam em produtos educacionais, estes podem servir de base a outros professores.
ANÁLISE DA TEORIA DAS SITUAÇÕES DIDÁTICAS DE UM PONTO DE VISTA DA TEORIA DO CONHECIMENTO
Authors: Meier Wander Mateus Branco , Bassoi Tânia Stella
Published: June 2020

A pesquisa em Educação Matemática é um campo em desenvolvimento, nossa pretensão não é descrevê-lo ou caracterizá-lo, mas apenas situá-lo como próprio. Objetivamos analisar de que modo a Teoria das Situações Didáticas (TSD) identifica os objetos da Educação Matemática, de umponto de vista da Teoria do Conhecimento, indicando a importância e as contribuições da TSD para pesquisa na Educação Matemática. Apresentamos algumas teorias e, em seguida, posicionamo-nos. Esta análise possibilitou perceber que os objetos da Educação Matemática devem ser considerados singulares, dotados de características próprias e investigados sob aspectos elaborados a partir desta concepção. Pôde-se compreender que a TSD, dentre outros tantos elementos, enseja que o aluno desenvolva características similares às de um pesquisador, uma atitude filosófica que busca compreender a realidade em busca da verdade, do objeto do conhecimento.
O ESTUDANTE COM TEA E A AULA DE MATEMÁTICA: INTERAÇÕES ENTRE LEITURA CIENTÍFICA E A PRÁTICA DOCENTE
Authors: Ferreira Giovanna Carolina Cargnin , Cargnin Claudete , Frizzarini Silvia Teresinha
Published: June 2020

Este artigo tem como objetivo apresentar um levantamento bibliográfico sobre o ensino de Matemática a alunos com Transtorno do Espectro Autista (TEA), publicados em revistas da área de ensino e nos eventos CIEM e EPREM do período de 2010 a 2017. Para exemplificar, é relatado um trabalho realizado com um estudante com TEA. A questão problema é “como ter sucesso ao ensinar matemática a alunos com TEA, de modo a atender as suas especificidades?”. Esta pesquisa foi motivada pela presença desse aluno em uma turma de primeiro ano do Ensino médio, na qual aprofessora regente teve que buscar informações na literatura sobre como agir em sala de aula de forma a atender as necessidades desse discente. O levantamento indicou a escassez de publicações acerca do ensino de matemática voltado para alunos adolescentes autistas, bem como, a necessidade de ampliar as discussões sobre esse assunto, que obtiveram indícios de ações profícuas. Na prática, concluímos que é necessário o professor conquistar a confiança do estudante, trabalhar principalmente com representações gráficas ou figurais e ser objetivo e sintético nas atividades planejadas para as aulas de Matemática.
EXPERIÊNCIAS DE APRENDIZAGENS E CONHECIMENTOS DE PROFESSORES QUE ENSINAM MATEMÁTICA EM GRUPO DE ESTUDO
Authors: Brum Jaqueline Magalhães , Santos-Wagner Vânia Maria Pereira dos
Published: June 2020

Este texto focaliza um grupo de estudo que desenvolve um trabalho colaborativo com professores que ensinam matemática. Desenvolve-se uma pesquisa qualitativa para evidenciar experiências de aprendizagem e conhecimentos de professores e comparar as ações com estudos deaula. Apresentam-se características e objetivos do grupo e analisam-se experiências em 2018 e 2019. Hart, Alston e Murata (2011) fornecem os aportes teóricos sobre os estudos de aula, Ball (1988) e Shulman (1986, 1987) sobre os conhecimentos de professores e Skemp (1976, 1987/2009) acerca doentendimento instrumental e relacional. As ações dos participantes no grupo de estudo evidenciam que: (i) acontece trabalho intencional das professoras; (ii) ocorrem estratégias docentes para envolver estudantes; (iii) acontece discussão e mediação de professoras e alunos na resolução de problemas; (iv) ocorre estímulo, provocação e mediação das professoras para que alunos representem, de várias formas, as possíveis respostas; (v) trabalha-se o potencial do uso de dramatizações e estratégias alternativas; (vi) acontece tomada de consciência de conhecimentos que professoras possuem e/ouprecisam melhorar; e (vii) importância do papel profissional delas. As ações mostram similaridades com estudos de aulas. Entretanto, é necessário ter tempo para mudar práticas e motivar todos, para registrar, gravar e fazer vídeos de encontros e aulas, para depois reler, escutar, ver e ler transcriçõesdesses episódios.
A IMPORTÂNCIA DE ALUNOS CEGOS CONSTRUIREM SEUS REGISTROS DE REPRESENTAÇÕES MATEMÁTICAS
Authors: Mello Elisabete Marcon
Published: June 2020

São apresentados neste artigo os primeiros resultados de uma pesquisa desenvolvida junto à Universidade Federal do ABC e realizada com alunos cegos que frequentam salas de aula inclusivas em uma escola estadual de São Paulo. Nessa pesquisa é investigado como o aluno cego identifica eentende os objetos geométricos por meio de suas representações semióticas e se o fato dele ter a possibilidade de construir seus próprios registros de representação auxilia em seu aprendizado e em seu desenvolvimento cognitivo. Para que o aluno cego possa desenhar suas representações, é utilizadoum produto desenvolvido e patenteado chamado Prancheta de Desenho em Relevo Positiva. Os resultados apresentados se referem às atividades realizadas com uma aluna do primeiro ano do EnsinoMédio, com cegueira adquirida no início de sua vida escolar, durante sua alfabetização. O estudo mostra que quando o aluno cego faz seu próprio desenho, cria seu registro de representação no papel, ele se apropria efetivamente desta representação, podendo usá-la como uma ferramenta de apoio às suas atividades cognitivas.
“DINÂMICA CHUMBO VERSUS ALGODÃO – UMA EXPERIMENTAÇÃO DE DOER A CABEÇA” EM UMA PERSPECTIVA DE VASILY VASILOVICH DAVYDOV
Authors: Chaves Rodolfo , Marcarini Veronica Borsonelli , Ferrari Vera Lucia Aniola , Iora Maísa , Rodrigues Patrícia Silva
Published: June 2020

Adotamos, nesta pesquisa, em abordagem qualitativa, o método de análise da produção de significados, no viés do Modelo dos Campos Semânticos, para analisar a dinâmica da produção de significados de alunos do quinto ano, na faixa etária de doze anos, de uma escola campesina, no interior do Rio Grande do Sul. O cenário formou-se a partir do conjunto dessas atividades de estudo desenvolvidas com esses alunos na escola em questão. Tal pesquisa ocorreu a partir do Programa Nacional de Pós-doutorado da Capes, por intermédio do Programa Institucional de Bolsa de Iniciaçãoà Docência, do Projeto Interdisciplinar no Campo e do Programa de Educação Tutorial, do Departamento de Matemática da UFSM. No presente artigo apresentamos os significados produzidos pelos atores envolvidos na pesquisa ao analisarmos uma atividade de estudo advinda de nossa proposta de intervenção, na qual buscávamos produzir análises dialógicas, reflexivas e críticas que dessem subsídios a formulações de atividades de estudo no viés proposto por Vasily Vasilovich Davydov. Por esse espectro, identificamos possíveis vieses entre o Modelo dos Campos Semânticos e uma proposta de uma Educação Etnomatemática em uma perspectiva interdisciplinar.
O USO DE RECURSOS DIDÁTICOS NA RESOLUÇÃO DE PROBLEMAS COMBINATÓRIOS
Authors: Gadelha Dacymere da Silva , Borba Rute Elizabete de Souza Rosa , Montenegro Juliana Azevedo
Published: June 2020

Com o intuito de analisar o uso de fichas – com ilustrações dos elementos dos enunciados de cada situação-problema – e do software Pixton©, na compreensão das propriedades combinatórias, são apontados resultados de um estudo piloto de uma dissertação de Mestrado que contou com aparticipação de seis estudantes do 5º Ano do Ensino Fundamental. Inicialmente, os estudantes solucionaram, com lápis e papel, um teste diagnóstico estruturado com duas situações de cada tipo – arranjo, combinação, permutação e produto de medidas. Mediante os resultados, duplas foram emparelhadas para o uso dos recursos didáticos (fichas ou software Pixton©) durante dois momentos de ensino. Por fim, os seis participantes responderam um teste final, novamente com lápis e papel eforam comparados os resultados das três etapas da pesquisa. Verificou-se que tanto os estudantes que utilizaram as fichas quanto o software Pixton© demonstraram avanços em seus desempenhos. Entretanto, os estudantes que utilizaram o software Pixton© precisaram de mais tempo para explorar o recurso, como também, do direcionamento da pesquisadora para evitarem distrações em relação às opções de edições, além de terem tido dificuldade no esgotamento dos problemas que envolviam maior número de possibilidades. Conclui-se que, com os devidos cuidados, fichas ilustrativas e o Pixton© são recursos que aliados à mediação do professor podem auxiliar no desenvolvimento do raciocínio combinatório de estudantes em início de escolarização.
Turkey's Struggle with Covid-19: A Cross-border View
Authors: Asenova Radost , Ungan Mehmet
Published: June 2020

SARS-COv-2 or a common COVID-19 infection caught all countries off guard. In just a few days, the lives of individuals and the functioning of all societies, starting at the smallest, have changed drastically, their health and lives have been seriously threatened. Many eyes have turned to family doctors who are at the forefront of the fight against the virus. In recent weeks, family doctors have made the highest sacrifice in their lives in the fight. In this extraordinary situation, WONCA Europe made many calls to managers and World Health Organization offices, including our country, wishing that the family doctors in Europe and their academic institutions representing them should not be kept at the lowest possible level. All our knowledge comes from the observations of the doctors, the Ministry of Health and the Media. Talking about Turkey would not be right for us nor for the foreign media because the credibility of the review without seeing and examining all the data will be a question mark. To support the management of pandemic, we need transparent and improved data collection and data delivery in all countries.

Keywords: Coronavirus, Turkey, WONCA Europe, Family Practice
Survey of the Knowledge, Attitudes and Practices of Primary Care Physician's Towards Dementia Care in Israel
Authors: Berenbaum Rakel , Dresner Julian , Erlich Bracha , Vinker Shlomo , Tziraki Chariklia
Published: June 2020

Aim: Primary care physicians have an important role in the early diagnosis and management of dementia as a common first point of contact for patients dealing with cognitive decline. Our aim was to explore primary care physicians knowledge, attitudes, and practices regarding care of people with dementia and their families.

Methods: A cross sectional study among primary care physicians, attending their annual conference. The self-complete questionnaire included questions measured with a five point Likert scale as well as open-ended questions. Multivariable linear regression models were used to evaluate primary care physicians confidence in their dementia diagnosis and their level of knowledge and training.

Results: Questionnaires were returned by 95 primary care physicians, a 24% response rate. The majority of primary care physicians feel it is their role to diagnose dementia (87%), unfortunately, 80% do not feel confident in making this diagnosis and 66% feel they are lacking knowledge or training to do so. They report they need more training on non-pharmacological interventions (86%), pharmacological treatments (92%), and community services (92%). Regression analysis revealed that lack of easily accessible screening tools plays an important role in confidence in dementia diagnosis.

Conclusion: Our results may help policy makers plan interventions to meet training and system needs of primary care physicians and translate the national dementia policy guidelines into practice at the local level.

Keywords: physicians, primary care, dementia, early diagnosis, adult day care centers
Use of Family Health Centers in Patients Receiving Health Services from University Hospital
Authors: Ozkan Pehlivanoglu Elif Fatma , Kayacan Gokben , Balcioglu Huseyin , Bilge Ugur , Unluoglu Ilhami
Published: June 2020

Aim: Use of health services is considered to be the most basic right. For this purpose, many methods have been searched to provide the health service. In this study, our aim is to investigate the use of primary health care services for patients receiving healthcare services at the university hospital in Eskişehir, Turkey. Methods: Our study was conducted in Eskişehir Osmangazi University Faculty of Medicine. 531 patients who applied to Eskişehir Osmangazi University Hospital with some problems between 2 April 2018 to 31 July 2018 included in our study. The questionnaire form, which was formed by the researchers, was completed by using face to face interview method. Results: When the place they apply for their non-emergency complaints were asked, 42% of the respondents stated that family health centers is the first application place. When reasons of applying to health centers were examined; patients who apply to family health centers stated that they preferred family health centers because they think it’s reliable and they’re being examined better without waiting for their results for too long. Conclusion: Application rates to family physicians who can treat a majority of diseases are considerably lower than target rates. Keywords: Family Practice, primary prevention, public health
Crocin Improves the Quality of Cryopreserved Goat Semen in Different Breeds
Authors: Longobardi Valentina , Zullo Gianluigi , Cotticelli Alessio , Salzano Angela , Albero Giuseppe , Navas Luigi , Rufrano Domenico , Claps Salvatore , Neglia Gianluca
Published: June 2020

The effect of crocin in the semen extender before cryopreservation was evaluated on sperm parameters of 20 bucks of five different breeds: Garganica (GA), Jonica (JO), Maltese (MA), Mediterranean Red (MR) and Saanen (SA). Semen samples were centrifuged, to remove seminal plasma, divided in two aliquots and diluted with Tris-egg-yolk-based extender, containing 0 (control group) and 1 mM crocin. Crocin concentration was established after a preliminary dose trial. On fresh and frozen-thawed sperm, motility, viability, morphology, membrane integrity, DNA fragmentation and ROS levels were evaluated. The freezing process led to a decrease (p < 0.05) in all the sperm parameters recorded, confirming the deleterious effect of cryopreservation on goat semen. The most interesting result regarding the inclusion of crocin in the extender before cryopreservation was as follows: Crocin significantly improved (p < 0.05) sperm motility in all breeds, except for Mediterranean Red, compared to the control group. Furthermore, 1 mM crocin reduced percentage of spermatozoa with DNA fragmentation with a marked decrement (p < 0.05) in Garganica and Saanen, as compared to the control group. Finally, intracellular ROS decreased (p < 0.01) in the crocin-treated sperm of all breeds, as compared to the control. In conclusion, supplementation of 1 mM crocin in the extender decreased oxidative stress, improving sperm motility and the DNA integrity of frozen-thawed sperm in different breeds.
Experimental Characterization of Plasmonic Sensors Based on Lab-Built Tapered Plastic Optical Fibers
Authors: Cennamo Nunzio , Arcadio Francesco , Minardo Aldo , Montemurro Domenico , Zeni Luigi
Published: June 2020

In this work, we have compared several configurations of surface plasmon resonance (SPR) sensors based on D-shaped tapered plastic optical fibers (TPOFs). Particularly, the TPOFs used to obtain the SPR sensors are made by a lab-built system based on two motorized linear positioning stages and a heating plate. Preliminarily, a comparative analysis has been carried out between two different configurations, one with and one without a thin buffer layer deposited between the core of TPOFs and the gold film. After this preliminary step, we have used the simpler configuration, obtained without the buffer layer, to realize different SPR D-shaped TPOF sensors. This study could be of interest in SPR D-shaped multimode plastic optical fiber (POF) sensors because, without the tapers, the performances decrease when the POF’s diameter decreases, whereas the performances improve in SPR D-shaped tapered POF sensors, where the diameter decreases in the D-shaped sensing area. The performances of the SPR sensors based on different taper ratios have been analyzed and compared. The SPR-TPOF sensors have been tested using water–glycerin mixtures with refractive indices ranging from 1.332 to 1.381 RIU. According to the theory, the experimental results have demonstrated that, as the taper ratio increases, the sensitivity of the SPR sensor increases as well, while on the contrary the signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) decreases.
High-Performance Self-Compacting Concrete with Recycled Aggregates from the Precast Industry: Durability Assessment
Authors: Barroqueiro Tiago , da Silva Pedro R. , de Brito Jorge
Published: June 2020

The main objective of this paper is to provide the industry with a simple and practical way of disposing and recovering recycled waste from precast reinforced concrete elements rejected during the quality control process, while minimizing the consumption of natural resources in the production of concrete and, consequently, significantly reducing the environmental impact of both (construction and demolition waste and extracting natural aggregates). In other words, with this work, the intention is to evaluate the feasibility of producing high-performance self-compacting concrete with a less environmental impact, by replacing natural aggregates (NA) with fine and coarse recycled aggregates resulting from the precast industry, which allows the future use of this type of aggregates in the industrial process without reservations concerning the expected durability performance. To achieve these objectives, six types of self-compacting concrete (SCC) were produced incorporating different amounts of recycled aggregates. Six replacement ratios for fine recycled aggregates (FRA) and coarse recycled aggregates (CRA) were considered: (FRA/CRA) 0/0; 25/25; 50/50; 100/100; 0/100 and 100/0%. Six different tests were carried out to characterize both the main concrete transport mechanisms and the main concrete degradation mechanisms, namely: the immersion water absorption test, capillary water absorption test, oxygen permeability test, chloride migration test, electrical resistivity test and carbonation test. The obtained results clearly demonstrate that, despite the negative influence of the inclusion of recycled aggregates, it is still possible to produce high-performance self-compacting concrete with perfectly acceptable durability properties.
Fundamentals of Gas Diffusion Electrodes and Electrolysers for Carbon Dioxide Utilisation: Challenges and Opportunities
Authors: Hernandez-Aldave Sandra , Andreoli Enrico
Published: June 2020

Electrocatalysis plays a prominent role in the development of carbon dioxide utilisation technologies. Many new and improved CO2 conversion catalysts have been developed in recent years, progressively achieving better performance. However, within this flourishing field, a disconnect in catalyst performance evaluation has emerged as the Achilles heel of CO2 electrolysis. Too often, catalysts are assessed in electrochemical settings that are far removed from industrially relevant operational conditions, where CO2 mass transport limitations should be minimised. To overcome this issue, gas diffusion electrodes and gas-fed electrolysers need to be developed and applied, presenting new challenges and opportunities to the CO2 electrolysis community. In this review, we introduce the reader to the fundamentals of gas diffusion electrodes and gas-fed electrolysers, highlighting their advantages and disadvantages. We discuss in detail the design of gas diffusion electrodes and their operation within gas-fed electrolysers in both flow-through and flow-by configurations. Then, we correlate the structure and composition of gas diffusion electrodes to the operational performance of electrolysers, indicating options and prospects for improvement. Overall, this study will equip the reader with the fundamental understanding required to enhance and optimise CO2 catalysis beyond the laboratory scale.
Non-Fragmented Network Flow Design Analysis: Comparison IPv4 with IPv6 Using Path MTU Discovery
Authors: Lucas Thiago , Ferreira Maycon , Plachta Rychard , Ferreira Gabriel , Costa Kelton
Published: June 2020

With the expansion in the number of devices that connect to the Internet, a new area, known as the Internet of Things (IoT), appears. It was necessary to migrate the IPv4 protocol by the IPv6 protocol, due to the scarcity of IPv4 addresses. One of the advances of IPv6 concerning its predecessor was the Path MTU Discovery protocol, in which this work aims to demonstrate its effectiveness in a virtual environment. Employing the VirtualBox virtualization program, a scenario is defined with fifteen machines with the Debian operating system and two network scenarios, one using the IPv4 network configuration and the other using the IPv6 network configuration. In both situations, the MTU values of all machines were changed to perform the performance tests while using UDP transport traffic. The fragmentation of packets demonstrated the effectiveness of the Path MTU Discovery protocol. The results achieved point to a stabilization in bandwidth and jitter when Path MTU Discovery is used and to change when it is no longer applied, proving its effectiveness.
A Probabilistic Bag-to-Class Approach to Multiple-Instance Learning
Authors: Møllersen Kajsa , Hardeberg Jon Yngve , Godtliebsen Fred
Published: June 2020

Multi-instance (MI) learning is a branch of machine learning, where each object (bag) consists of multiple feature vectors (instances)—for example, an image consisting of multiple patches and their corresponding feature vectors. In MI classification, each bag in the training set has a class label, but the instances are unlabeled. The instances are most commonly regarded as a set of points in a multi-dimensional space. Alternatively, instances are viewed as realizations of random vectors with corresponding probability distribution, where the bag is the distribution, not the realizations. By introducing the probability distribution space to bag-level classification problems, dissimilarities between probability distributions (divergences) can be applied. The bag-to-bag Kullback–Leibler information is asymptotically the best classifier, but the typical sparseness of MI training sets is an obstacle. We introduce bag-to-class divergence to MI learning, emphasizing the hierarchical nature of the random vectors that makes bags from the same class different. We propose two properties for bag-to-class divergences, and an additional property for sparse training sets, and propose a dissimilarity measure that fulfils them. Its performance is demonstrated on synthetic and real data. The probability distribution space is valid for MI learning, both for the theoretical analysis and applications.
Verification Plan Using Neural Algorithm Blockchain Smart Contract for Secure P2P Real Estate Transactions
Authors: Huh Jun-Ho , Kim Seong-Kyu
Published: June 2020

Blockchain and artificial intelligence are the most important keywords in the Fourth Industrial Revolution. This study sought to apply these core technologies to future validated algorithms that make real estate transactions secure to come up with an encryption algorithm. In addition, the real estate transaction is being paid a large fee by the middlemen, the real estate agent. Furthermore and recently, P2P (peer-to-peer) real estate exchange is used a lot. However, these P2P real estate exchanges also have problems that have not been identified by each other between landlords and tenants. In particular, a research model was established to compare and verify the PBFT (practical Byzantine fault tolerance) algorithm of Hyperledger through the blockchain agreement process. Subsequently, a process for verifying the real estate contract was established. Through VM (virtual machine) research methodology for the verification of blockchain real estate contracts, ElGamal communication was provided to prove quantum cryptography. We also automated lightweight encryption test verification tools and blockchain smart contract VM (virtual machine) models using artificial intelligence. Verification was performed through a reservation server and a monitoring server using a test verification tool for network-based lightweight security IoT (Internet of things) GW (gateway). It presents important ECP (elastic curve program) and elastic curve Qu-Vanstone (ECQV) models among the main functions of the blockchain smart contract, and it is equipped with quantum-based encryption algorithm. In addition, the necessary UML (unified modeling language) source code and performance data were calculated according to the actual experimental environment, and the average value for blockchain for administrative or government authorized assets—4000 TPS (transaction per second) were tested. In the future, we want to use this technology for real estate transactions.
Ethanolic Media Effect on the Susceptibility to Stress Corrosion Cracking in an X-70 Microalloyed Steel with Different Aging Treatments
Authors: del Pozo Adrian , Torres Alvaro , Villalobos Julio César , Villanueva Heriberto , Fragiel Amilkar , Gonzalez Rodriguez Jose Gonzalo , Serna Barquera Sergio Alonso
Published: June 2020

The objective of this research was to evaluate the stress corrosion cracking (SCC) of X-70 micro-alloyed steel in contact with bio-ethanol and E-50 gasohol. Environmental factors, including water (1%, 3% and 5%) and NaCl (10 mg/L and 32 mg/L), as well as two aging treatments were studied. Experimental values were obtained by the Slow Strain Rate Test (SSRT) technique, X-ray fluorescence (XRF), and tensile test according to the information reported in the literature. The results of the SSRT for the SCC determination showed that this steel in these conditions did not show evidence of SCC, which was attributed to the formation of an oxide (Fe2O3) not soluble in ethanol. The oxide layer acts as a protector preventing the formation of pitting, one of the main causes of cracks initiation in SCC.
A State-Space Model of an Inverter-Based Microgrid for Multivariable Feedback Control Analysis and Design
Authors: Patarroyo-Montenegro Juan F. , Vasquez-Plaza Jesus D. , Andrade Fabio
Published: June 2020

In this work, a synchronous model for grid-connected and islanded microgrids is presented. The grid-connected model is based on the premise that the reference frame is synchronized with the AC bus. The quadrature component of the AC bus voltage can be cancelled, which allows to express output power as a linear equation for nominal values in the AC bus amplitude voltage. The model for the islanded microgrid is developed by integrating all the inverter dynamics using a state-space model for the load currents. This model is presented in a comprehensive way such that it could be scalable to any number of inverter-based generators using inductor–capacitor–inductor (LCL) output filters. The use of these models allows designers to assess microgrid stability and robustness using modern control methods such as eigenvalue analysis and singular value diagrams. Both models were tested and validated in an experimental setup to demonstrate their accuracy in describing microgrid dynamics. In addition, three scenarios are presented: non-controlled model, Linear-Quadratic Integrator (LQI) power control, and Power-Voltage (PQ/Vdq) droop–boost controller. Experimental results demonstrate the effectiveness of the control strategies and the accuracy of the models to describe microgrid dynamics.
A Simplified Method of Cartographic Visualisation of Buildings’ Interiors (2D+) for Navigation Applications
Authors: Gotlib Dariusz , Wyszomirski Michał , Gnat Miłosz
Published: June 2020

This article proposes an original method of a coherent and simplified cartographic presentation of the interior of buildings called 2D+, which can be used in geoinformation applications that do not support an extensive three-dimensional visualisation or do not have access to a 3D model of the building. A simplified way of cartographic visualisation can be used primarily in indoor navigation systems and other location-based services (LBS) applications. It can also be useful in systems supporting facility management (FM) and various kinds of geographic information systems (GIS). On the one hand, it may increase an application’s efficiency; on the other, it may unify the method of visualisation in the absence of a building’s 3D model. Thanks to the proposed method, it is possible to achieve the same effect regardless of the data source used: Building Information Modelling (BIM), a Computer-aided Design (CAD) model, or traditional architectural and construction drawings. Such a solution may be part of a broader concept of a multi-scale presentation of buildings’ interiors. The article discusses the issues of visualising data and converting data to the appropriate coordinate system, as well as the properties of the application model of data.
A Comparative Study of Engineered Dermal Templates for Skin Wound Repair in a Mouse Model
Authors: Banakh Ilia , Cheshire Perdita , Rahman Mostafizur , Carmichael Irena , Jagadeesan Premlatha , Cameron Neil R. , Cleland Heather , Akbarzadeh Shiva
Published: June 2020

Engineered dermal templates have revolutionised the repair and reconstruction of skin defects. Their interaction with the wound microenvironment and linked molecular mediators of wound repair is still not clear. This study investigated the wound bed and acellular “off the shelf” dermal template interaction in a mouse model. Full-thickness wounds in nude mice were grafted with allogenic skin, and either collagen-based or fully synthetic dermal templates. Changes in the wound bed showed significantly higher vascularisation and fibroblast infiltration in synthetic grafts when compared to collagen-based grafts (P ≤ 0.05). Greater tissue growth was associated with higher prostaglandin-endoperoxide synthase 2 (Ptgs2) RNA and cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) protein levels in fully synthetic grafts. Collagen-based grafts had higher levels of collagen III and matrix metallopeptidase 2. To compare the capacity to form a double layer skin substitute, both templates were seeded with human fibroblasts and keratinocytes (so-called human skin equivalent or HSE). Mice were grafted with HSEs to test permanent wound closure with no further treatment required. We found the synthetic dermal template to have a significantly greater capacity to support human epidermal cells. In conclusion, the synthetic template showed advantages over the collagen-based template in a short-term mouse model of wound repair.
SGL 121 Attenuates Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease through Adjusting Lipid Metabolism Through AMPK Signaling Pathway
Authors: Kim Da Eun , Chang Bo Yoon , Jeon Byeong Min , Baek Jong In , Kim Sun Chang , Kim Sung Yeon
Published: June 2020

A ginsenoside F2-enhanced mixture (SGL 121) increases the content of ginsenoside F2 by biotransformation. In the present study, we investigated the effect of SGL 121 on nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) in vitro and in vivo. High-fat, high-carbohydrate-diet (HFHC)-fed mice were administered SGL 121 for 12 weeks to assess its effect on improving NAFLD. In HepG2 cells, SGL 121 acted as an antioxidant, a hepatoprotectant, and had an anti-lipogenic effect. In NAFLD mice, SGL 121 significantly improved body fat mass; levels of hepatic triglyceride (TG), hepatic malondialdehyde (MDA), serum total cholesterol (TC), high-density lipoprotein (HDL), and low-density lipoprotein (LDL); and activities of alanine aminotransferase (ALT) and aspartate aminotransferase (AST). In HepG2 cells, induced by oxidative stress, SGL 121 increased cytoprotection, inhibited reactive oxygen species (ROS) production, and increased antioxidant enzyme activity. SGL 121 activated the Nrf2/HO-1 signaling pathway and improved lipid accumulation induced by free fatty acids (FFA). Sterol regulatory element-binding protein-1 (SREBP-1) and fatty acid synthase (FAS) expression was significantly reduced in NAFLD-induced liver and HepG2 cells treated with SGL 121. Moreover, SGL 121 activated adenosine monophosphate-activated protein kinase (AMPK), which plays an important role in the regulation of lipid metabolism. The effect of SGL 121 on the improvement of NAFLD seems to be related to its antioxidant effects and activation of AMPK. In conclusion, SGL 121 can be potentially used for the treatment of NAFLD.
Functional Expression of Adenosine A3 Receptor in Yeast Utilizing a Chimera with the A2AR C-Terminus
Authors: Jain Abhinav R. , Robinson Anne S.
Published: June 2020

The adenosine A3 receptor (A3R) is the only adenosine receptor subtype to be overexpressed in inflammatory and cancer cells and therefore is considered a novel and promising therapeutic target for inflammatory diseases and cancer. Heterologous expression of A3R at levels to allow biophysical characterization is a major bottleneck in structure-guided drug discovery efforts. Here, we apply protein engineering using chimeric receptors to improve expression and activity in yeast. Previously we had reported improved expression and trafficking of the chimeric A1R variant using a similar approach. In this report, we constructed chimeric A3/A2AR comprising the N-terminus and transmembrane domains from A3R (residues 1–284) and the cytoplasmic C-terminus of the A2AR (residues 291–412). The chimeric receptor showed approximately 2-fold improved expression with a 2-fold decreased unfolded protein response when compared to wild type A3R. Moreover, by varying culture conditions such as initial cell density and induction temperature a further 1.7-fold increase in total receptor yields was obtained. We observed native-like coupling of the chimeric receptor to Gai-Gpa1 in engineered yeast strains, activating the downstream, modified MAPK pathway. This strategy of utilizing chimeric receptor variants in yeast thus provides an exciting opportunity to improve expression and activity of “difficult-to-express” receptors, expanding the opportunity for utilizing yeast in drug discovery.
Peptides Derived from (RRWQWRMKKLG)2-K-Ahx Induce Selective Cellular Death in Breast Cancer Cell Lines through Apoptotic Pathway
Authors: Insuasty-Cepeda Diego Sebastián , Barragán-Cárdenas Andrea Carolina , Ochoa-Zarzosa Alejandra , López-Meza Joel E. , Fierro-Medina Ricardo , García-Castañeda Javier Eduardo , Rivera-Monroy Zuly Jenny
Published: June 2020

The effect on the cytotoxicity against breast cancer cell lines of the substitution of 26Met residue in the sequence of the Bovine Lactoferricin-derived dimeric peptide LfcinB (20-30)2: (20RRWQWRMKKLG30)2-K-Ahx with amino acids of different polarity was evaluated. The process of the synthesis of the LfcinB (20-30)2 analog peptides was similar to the original peptide. The cytotoxic assays showed that some analog peptides exhibited a significant cytotoxic effect against breast cancer cell lines HTB-132 and MCF-7, suggesting that the substitution of the Met with amino acids of a hydrophobic nature drastically enhances its cytotoxicity against HTB-132 and MCF-7 cells, reaching IC50 values up to 6 µM. In addition, these peptides have a selective effect, since they exhibit a lower cytotoxic effect on the non-tumorigenic cell line MCF-12. Interestingly, the cytotoxic effect is fast (90 min) and is maintained for up to 48 h. Additionally, through flow cytometry, it was found that the obtained dimeric peptides generate cell death through the apoptosis pathway and do not compromise the integrity of the cytoplasmic membrane, and there are intrinsic apoptotic events involved. These results show that the obtained peptides are extremely promising molecules for the future development of drugs for use against breast cancer.
Fossil Genera in Elateridae (Insecta, Coleoptera): A Triassic Origin and Jurassic Diversification
Authors: Kundrata Robin , Packova Gabriela , Hoffmannova Johana
Published: June 2020

Insect fossils bear important information about the evolutionary history of the group. The fossil record of Elateridae, a large cosmopolitan beetle family, has been greatly understudied and the available data are often replete with ambiguity and uncertainty. The research of Elateridae evolution cannot be done without solid genus-group name concepts. In this study we provide an updated comprehensive summary of the fossil genera in Elateridae, including their systematic placement and information on the type species, gender, number of species, age range, and relevant bibliography. We list seven valid fossil genera in Agrypninae, one in Cardiophorinae, two in Dendrometrinae, five in Elaterinae, two in Negastriinae, one in Omalisinae, one in Pityobiinae, and 36 in Protagrypninae. Additional 19 genera are tentatively classified as Elateridae incertae sedis, and their placements are discussed. Further, we move genera Babuskaya Martins-Neto & Gallego, 2009, Cardiosyne Martins-Neto & Gallego, 2006, Fengningia Hong, 1984 and Gemelina Martins-Neto & Gallego, 2006 from Elateridae to Coleoptera incertae sedis. We also discuss the genera previously placed in Elateridae, which are currently not included in the family. The data on the fossil generic diversity suggest that Elateridae originated in the Triassic and rapidly diversified and became comparatively abundant through the Jurassic. We call for further research on the fossil Elateridae from various deposits in order to increase our knowledge on the origin, evolution, and palaeodiversity of the group.
Stable Finite-Difference Methods for Elastic Wave Modeling with Characteristic Boundary Conditions
Authors: Liu Jiawei , Yong Wen-An , Liu Jianxin , Guo Zhenwei
Published: June 2020

In this paper, a new stable finite-difference (FD) method for solving elastodynamic equations is presented and applied on the Biot and Biot/squirt (BISQ) models. This method is based on the operator splitting theory and makes use of the characteristic boundary conditions to confirm the overall stability which is demonstrated with the energy method. Through the stability analysis, it is showed that the stability conditions are more generous than that of the traditional algorithms. It allows us to use the larger time step τ in the procedures for the elastic wave field solutions. This context also provides and compares the computational results from the stable Biot and unstable BISQ models. The comparisons show that this FD method can apply a new numerical technique to detect the stability of the seismic wave propagation theories. The rigorous theoretical stability analysis with the energy method is presented and the stable/unstable performance with the numerical solutions is also revealed. The truncation errors and the detailed stability conditions of the FD methods with different characteristic boundary conditions have also been evaluated. Several applications of the constructed FD methods are presented. When the stable FD methods to the elastic wave models are applied, an initial stability test can be established. Further work is still necessary to improve the accuracy of the method.
Admissible Perturbation of Demicontractive Operators within Ant Algorithms for Medical Images Edge Detection
Authors: Ticala Cristina , Zelina Ioana , Pintea Camelia-M.
Published: June 2020

Nowadays, demicontractive operators in terms of admissible perturbation are used to solve difficult tasks. The current research uses several demicontractive operators in order to enhance the quality of the edge detection results when using ant-based algorithms. Two new operators are introduced, χ -operator and K H -operator, the latter one is a Krasnoselskij admissible perturbation of a demicontractive operator. In order to test the efficiency of the new operators, a comparison is made with a trigonometric operator. Ant Colony Optimization (ACO) is the solver chosen for the images edge detection problem. Demicontractive operators in terms of admissible perturbation are used during the construction phase of the matrix of ants artificial pheromone, namely the edge information of an image. The conclusions of statistical analysis on the results shows a positive influence of proposed operators for image edge detection of medical images.