bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
www.ijeit.misuratau.edu.ly ISSN 2410-4256 Paper ID: EN017 Soil Improvement Technique for Pilot Section as New Railway Project in Libya
Authors: Elkut Foad
Published: September 2024

The construction of embankments on soft saturated soils can be a challenge due to the low shear strength and high compressibility of these soils. The application of reinforced and pile-supported embankments to sustain the imposed dead and traffic loads for train speeds of up to 250 km/h is recently growing in Libya. The aim of this study examine the performance of Geogrid-reinforced embankments with Vibro- stone columns as a ground improvement method adopted in "Pilot Section Al Khoms" subject to cyclic loadings that are applied over a specific area of the embankment to improve strength and provide a safe and economical design for the whole coastal railway. The main result from the load plate test indicates that the stringent performance requirements of the new railway project were met. Furthermore, it was observed that with an increasing number of reinforcement Geogrid layers, enormous cycles of loading could be applied without experiencing excessive deformation and an important reduction in the stress and settlement on the subgrade. The results from field experience, show the project was completed on time and the ground improvement method adopted was employed successfully to reduce the costs of construction maintenance of embankments in the high-speed railway project.
Effect of Current Density Distribution on The Coating Formation in Anodization of Aluminum Using Multiphysics Simulation
Authors: Meshreghi Husein , Adraider Yuosef
Published: September 2024

Distribution of electric field in the electrolyserduring aluminium anodizing is one of several crucial factors, affecting formation of coatings on the aluminum substrates. In this study, a relatively simple COMSOL model has considered to assist the observation of the distributions of the current density under different types of electric field that determined by different distance between the working electrode (anode) and the cathode. The approach of the study attempts by combining the simulation results with some literature experiments influences in current distribution during anodization of aluminum.In order to investigate the effects of the distance between the working electrodes inside the cell on the growth rate anodized film, five different distances between the anode and cathode have been proposed in this study. The simulation results indicate that the current distributes non-uniformly along the substrate surfaces and decreases from the edges to the center. With increasing distance between the anode and cathode, the current density from edges to the center get smaller. The simulation results showed also, that the electrode distance strongly influences the current density due to the current field distribution in the electrolyser. In all cases, the current density values at the edges are approximately twice the values of on the middle.
Performance Optimization for 5GWireless Network
Authors: Masoud Fathi , Algamel Abdelbary
Published: September 2024

Fifth Generation (5th G) wireless network is a challengeable research area. As it is intended to serve growing number of subscribers, and to handle various types of data. Therefore, the need for more number of channels and higher performance is increasing. In this paper, we focus on the adopted modulation scheme by 5th G (256 QAM), where the signals set have been arranged among the constellation diagram in order to reach minimum Bit Error Rate (BER) using Gradient Search Method [1]. The novelty of this study comes from adding permutation loop, which is applied on the resulting signals set of Gradient Algorithm, in order to achieve better performance (lower BER).The results show that acceptable BER under given Signal to Noise Ratio (SNR) could be reached with the relatively large amount of data that is required by this digital modulation scheme.
Challenges of asthma therapy adherence in adolescents and solutions (literature review)
Authors: Letova N. O. , Potapova N. L.
Published: September 2024

Introduction. Asthma is a globally significant non-communicable disease with serious public health implications, affecting both children and adults. It includes high morbidity and mortality rates in severe cases. Understanding the reasons for decreased adherence to asthma therapy in adolescents remains a pressing issue for physicians across various specialties. It is important to analyze the challenges faced by young people that lead to ineffective asthma control.Aim. To review the latest literature to understand the driving factors behind non-adherence to treatment regimens in adolescents with asthma, their consequences, and potential solutions to ensure better disease control.Materials and methods. A systematic search was conducted in electronic databases including PubMed, Cochrane Library, Elsevier, Embase, Wiley, and CyberLeninka. The planned search depth was 2019-2024, using keywords: adherence to therapy in adolescents, asthma, therapy control.Results. The literature review discusses the unique aspects of adherence to asthma therapy in adolescence, along with programs and methods successfully used to optimize medical care for adolescents with asthma.Conclusion. The course of asthma during adolescence changes due to various factors: hormonal changes, the child's desire for separation from parents, fear of being different from peers, increased societal and school demands, stress, and psychological characteristics. Consequently, researchers from various countries are developing methods to improve therapy adherence and asthma control, such as educational programs in schools, the use of digital health technologies, and even financial incentives for adolescents. Implementing modern methods to enhance medical care for young people with asthma may help reduce mortality rates in this age group.
Long-term consequences of the functional state of the respiratory system after SARS-CoV-2-associated lung damage
Authors: Savushkina O. I. , Kulagina I. Ts. , Malashenko M. M. , Kuzmina E. R. , Chushkin M. I. , Kryukov E. V.
Published: September 2024

Aim. To study the dynamics of respiratory system function in patients without a history of bronchopulmonary pathology after SARS-CoV-2 infection with virus-associated lung damage.Materials and methods. A retrospective study was conducted on 29 patients (median age 46 [43-51] years) at two stages: visit 1 (1-4 months) and visit 2 (8-13 months) from the onset of COVID-19. Data from spirometry, bodyplethysmography, diffusion capacity test, impulse oscillometry (IOS), and chest computed tomography (CT) obtained during the acute phase of the disease (CTmax), as well as dyspnea assessed by the mMRC scale, were analyzed.Results. The median CTmax was 75%, and 66% of patients received treatment in the intensive care unit. At visit 1, dyspnea was of mild or moderate severity. Medians of vital capacity (VC), total lung capacity (TLC), residual volume (RV), and diffusion capacity of the lungs (DLco) were reduced (<80% predicted). The median forced expiratory volume in the first second (FEV1) and IOS parameters were within normal ranges. However, increased reactance area (AX) and absolute frequency dependence of resistance (R5–R20) were found in 59% and 24% of cases, respectively. At visit 2, mild dyspnea persisted. Lung volumes were within normal limits, with statistically significant differences between visits. The median DLco was reduced at visit 1 but increased to normal at visit 2, with statistically significant differences between visits. The median IOS parameters remained within normal limits, with no statistically significant differences between visits. However, in visit 1 increased AX and (R5–R20) were observed in 59% and 24%, in visit 2 – 45% and 17% of cases, respectively, with no statistically significant differences between visits.Conclusions. Among the long-term functional consequences of SARS-CoV-2 infection with virus-associated lung damage, decreased lung diffusion capacity (reduced DLco) and small airway dysfunction (increased AX and/or R5-R20) were noted in some patients. Impulse oscillometry should be included in the comprehensive functional assessment plan for patients after SARS-CoV-2 infection to diagnose small airway dysfunction.
Account of general principles of awarding punishment in the case of his setting for the feasance of criminal offence, fore-seen st., 270 Сriminal Code of Ukraine
Authors:   Kharkiv National University of Internal Affairs, Yashchenko Andrii
Published: September 2024

The article emphasizes the importance of strict adherence to the general sentencing principles for adequately implementing the principle of legality in criminal law. The author emphasizes that, unfortunately, the practice of sentencing for a criminal offense under Article 270, “Violation of fire or industrial safety requirements established by law” of the Criminal Code of Ukraine (hereinafter – the CC of Ukraine) is almost unexplored. The analysis of the practice of sentencing for committing an act under Art. 270 of the Criminal Code of Ukraine is based on the study of more than 50 verdicts publicly available in the Unified Register of Court Decisions. The author notes that there are no cases when a court exceeded the sanction when imposing a sentence for an act under Art. 270 of the Criminal Code of Ukraine indicates that the sanction for this offense formalized by the legislator is appropriate. The author notes the almost complete absence of cases of imposing punishment for an act under Part 1 of Article 270 of the Criminal Code of Ukraine, which indicates the absolute non-prevalence of this unlawful act in Ukraine. The author determines the list of provisions of the General Part of the Criminal Code of Ukraine which should be considered when sentencing. The author notes the problematic nature of direct consideration of the degree of gravity of the offense committed when imposing punishment, especially in the context of such consideration under Article 12 of the Criminal Code of Ukraine. The author determines that the analysis of the perpetrator’s personality as an element of the sentencing principle can form an idea of the portrait of a typical offender who commits a particular offense, which may further improve the activities aimed at its prevention. The article analyzes the main characteristics of persons brought to criminal liability for committing an act under Article 270 of the Criminal Code of Ukraine. The author determines that there is no significant diversity in the mitigating and aggravating circumstances that are considered by the court when imposing a sentence for an act under Article 270 of the Criminal Code of Ukraine. Keywords: criminal liability, sentencing, general principles, personality of the perpetrator, violation of fire or industrial safety requirements established by law, fire safety, industrial safety, differentiation of criminal liability, individualisation of punishment.
The impact of the administrative and territorial reform on the improvement of human re-source management in public administration
Authors:   NU ", Siryk Zinoviy ,   Lviv Polytechnic", Bereza Nazariy ,   NU "Lviv Polytechnic", Marhita Mykhaylo ,   Uzhgorod City Council
Published: September 2024

Administrative-territorial reform is a key factor in modern public administration as it directly impacts the organizational structure and functioning of state agencies at various levels of government. This article examines the impact of the administrative-territorial reform on human resource management in the public administration sector. First of all, the reform may lead to changes in the structure and competencies of state agencies, which requires revision of the processes of hiring, firing, and managing personnel. New administrative units may be created or existing ones may be reorganized, causing the need to identify and consider personnel changes. Further adaptation of personnel to new working conditions and requirements may need training, retraining, and development. In this context, it is important to ensure proper communication and involvement of personnel in the change process. The reform may also impact the systems of motivation and encouragement of personnel in the public administration sector. New requirements for efficiency and performance may be necessary to determine the system of labor remuneration and other incentives. In general, administrative-territorial reform is not only a challenge but can also be an opportunity to improve human resource management in the public administration sector if it is implemented with due attention to the needs and interests of personnel, as well as taking into account modern methods of human resource management. The article aims to study the impact of the administrative-territorial reform on the improvement of personnel management in public administration. The author shows that the main goal of the state personnel policy lies in forecasting and programming of personnel provision and determination of the strategic vision of formation, professional development, and rational use of personnel and all labor resources of Ukraine. The practical implementation of the personnel policy of the state and the organization is carried out through the personnel management function. The article emphasizes the concept of “human resource management” as a targeted activity of the organization’s management, executives, and specialists of the HR management system, which includes the development of the concept and strategy of personnel policy and principles and methods of human resource management of the organization. Keywords: public policy, management, personnel policy, personnel, human resource management system.
Usefulness of subtraction thermography in the evaluation of blood vessels and lymphatic vessels in the dental pulp
Authors: Wiśniewska Kamila , Szymonowicz Maria , Kuropka Piotr , Rybak Zbigniew , Struzik Natalia , Dudek Krzysztof , Nikodem Anna , Dobrzyński Maciej
Published: September 2024

Purpose

Caries or iatrogenic thermal trauma of the teeth have a significant impact on the dental pulp structure connected with stimulation of angiogenesis and lymphangiogenesis. Therefore, the aim of the study was to identify the difference in the rate of heat dissipation by vessels present in the dental pulp.

Methods

Freshly extracted healthy and carious teeth were cut on a diamond saw and subjected to thermographic testing. Tooth samples were heated to 45±0,5°C using a lamp. A high-resolution thermal imaging camera was used to record the series of thermograms until the samples reached a temperature of 25±0,5°C.

Results

Thermographic examination of healthy and cariously changed teeth revealed areas of increased tissue fluid flow combined with heat release, which may indirectly indicate the existence of vessels in these areas. On a thermal imaging camera, variations in the rate of heating or cooling across several cross-sectional sections of the same tooth indicate changes in the dental structure's density.

Conclusions

In caries-affected teeth, intracanalicular fluid flows are different than those of healthy teeth. Therefore, it can be concluded that the pulp vessels enabling circulation of body fluids – blood and lymphatic – increases with the intensity of inflammation. Maintaining the homeostasis of the dental pulp depends heavily on the circulation of bodily fluids within the dental organ.
Wiesław Chwała, Robert Walaszek, Katarzyna Burdacka, Marcin Burdacki
Authors: Chwała Wiesław , Walaszek Robert , Burdacka Katarzyna , Burdacki Marcin
Published: September 2024

Purpose

The aim of this work was to assess the effect of a conservative therapeutic intervention on the changes in the foot load distribution in people with femoroacetabular impingement (FAI) syndrome practising long-distance running.

Methods

The study involved 44 men, aged 30 to 50 years, practising long-distance running. Two rounds of tests were conducted in the Laboratory of Biokinetics of the AWF in Cracow. The first measurements were carried out in January 2020, and the second ones - after a 6-month therapeutic intervention in July 2020. The measurements of the distribution of foot pressure on the ground in static conditions and during barefoot running were performed with the use of the FOOTSCAN 7.111 podobarographic platform. Parameters showing the distribution of pressure in the individual foot areas and the trajectory of force distribution during the contact of feet with the ground were measured.

Results

After the completion of the physiotherapy protocol, the FAI group differed significantly from the n-FAI group in relation to the Max F range in the areas of the first, fourth and fifth metatarsal bones and as far as the impulse in the areas of the first, fourth, and fifth metatarsal bones and in the big toe area.

Conclusions

A comparison of the results of the first and second run of tests showed more positive changes in the FAI group than in the n-FAI group. This demonstrates a favourable effect of the conservative physiotherapy protocol in people with FAI – it can be an effective alternative to the surgical treatment.
Institute of Mentoring in the Socio-Cultural Space of the Russian North and the Russian Arctic: Traditions and Innovations
Authors:   Northern (Arctic) Federal University named after M.V. Lomonosov, Terebikhin Nikolay N. , Melyutina Marina N. ,   Kenozerskiy National Park, Yakovleva Aleksandra V.
Published: September 2024

At the XV Congress of Anthropologists and Ethnologists of Russia, held in St. Petersburg at the end of June 2023, special attention was paid to the discussion of topical theoretical and practical problems related to scientific reflections and social practices of the institute of mentoring in the cultures of the Rus-sian North. The report presented by the authors of this article at the Congress outlined the scientific results of research on the traditional institution of mentoring in the Old Believer societies of Karelians, Komi, Russian Ust-Tsilems, the “institute of grandmothers” in Kenozerye and Onega Pomorie, the ritual “mentoring” functions of Nenets shamans and Zyryan sorcerers, public practices of the spiritual guidance of the laity in the parochial community of the North Russian mir-zemstvo. The central place in the article is given to the presentation of the scientific results of the analysis of the forms, methods and directions of the mentoring activities of the Kenozerskiy National Park, which, relying on the ethno-cultural heritage of the traditional societies of the Ozernyy district, acts as a reference methodological school-laboratory, implementing a wide range of mentoring research and educational practices aimed at transformation of local territories into a socio-cultural space of creative dialogue and cooperation between the Park and local communities, training of leaders and activists of territorial public self-government (TPS), elaboration of regional strategy and local programs of spatial development of the Northern macro-region.
Legislative Aspects of Creative Industries Development in the Regions of the Russian Arctic (On the Example of the Murmansk Oblast)
Authors:   Luzin Institute for Economic Problems — Subdivision of the Federal Research Center “Kola Science Centre of the Russian Academy of Sciences”, Krasilnikov Artur S.
Published: September 2024

The aim of the work is to study the legislative support for the development of creative industries in the Russian Arctic using the example of the Murmansk Oblast. The following tasks have been solved: the legislative framework of the federal level, providing the development of creative industries in Russia as a whole, has been studied; the regional legislative framework has been studied on the example of the Murmansk Oblast; the measures of support for the development of Arctic creative industries at different levels of government have been analyzed. It was revealed that until 2021 the creative sector of the economy was reflected in legal acts of all levels through the concepts of “small and medium-sized businesses”, “self-employed citizens” and “individual entrepreneurs”. The concept of “creative industries” received legislative recognition with the adoption at the federal level of the “Concept for the development of creative industries and mechanisms for the implementation of their state support in large and major urban agglomerations until 2030” in 2021. The Concept and the Action Plan for its implementation, adopted in 2030, laid the regulatory and legal basis for the development of this sector of the economy, but the legislative framework for the development of creative industries in the Russian Federation has not yet been fully formed. The study showed that in the Arctic zone of the Russian Federation the situation with regulatory support for the development of creative industries is similar. Using the example of the Murmansk Oblast, it was revealed that the regional legislative framework for this promising area is currently in the nascent stage, and the first normative-legal acts directly related to the development of the Arctic creative industries began to appear only in 2023. It was concluded that it is necessary to develop a concept for the development of Arctic creative industries in the Russian Arctic in order to ensure uniform approaches, consistency of actions and coordination of measures for the development of this sector of the economy in the Russian Arctic. The need to use the term “creative industries” in various legal acts in order to avoid discrepancies and to ensure the uniformity of legal support for this sector of the economy is substantiated.
Transport Infrastructure of the Western and Central Arctic Regions of the Russian Federation: Analysis and Prospects
Authors:   Northern (Arctic) Federal University named after M.V. Lomonosov, Kuznetsova Marina N. , Vasilyeva Anastasia S.
Published: September 2024

For the sustainable development of territories, it is important to pay special attention to transport infrastructure, which directly affects the level of efficiency and competitiveness of the state (region) economy and forms the creation of a rational logistics system. Transport activates the work of the real sector of the economy (economic entities), carries out freight and passenger transportation, and is one of the significant sectors of the national economy, providing employment to the population, tax revenues to the budget system of the Russian Federation, investment attraction and GDP growth. The Arctic zone of the Russian Federation is strategically significant from the perspective of geopolitics and geo-economics in the modern world (1215% of the country’s GDP, 25% of exports). In the article, the object of study is the Western and Central Arctic of the Russian Federation, including six of the eight subjects belonging to the Arctic territories. The methodological framework of the study is based on review and analysis of regulatory documents and scientific literature that determine trends and prospects for improving territories within the development of transport infrastructure. The information base is regional statistical information. The study and assessment of the level of transport infrastructure development of the studied region is carried out. Economic analysis is conducted using statistical methods that allow identifying the main reasons associated with the ineffective operation of transport infrastructure at the meso-level. Tables and figures are used to visualize the research results. This makes it possible to conduct a comparative analysis of territories by the level of transport infrastructure development, to identify leaders and outsiders to substantiate proposals for stimulating key areas, basing on the review of regulatory documents aimed at increasing the efficiency of functioning of this area.
THE EFFECT OF DIFFERENT IRRIGATION REGIMES ON THE YIELD OF MAIZE HYBRIDS
Authors:   Assistant Of Bukhara Institute Of Natural Resources Management, “Tashkent Institute Of Irrigation And Agricultural Mechanization Engineers” National Research University, Uzbekistan, Bakhtiyorovna Isoeva Laylo
Published: September 2024

In this article, information is given on the date, number and norm of irrigation of Uzbekistan-601 ECB, NS-6010 F1 hybrids of maize, which were carried out by furrow and drip irrigation in the conditions of weakly salted meadow alluvial soils of Bukhara province, and yield data obtained from options conducted in different irrigation regimes.
UNVEILING SYNERGY: EXPLORING THE INTERSECTION OF BUSINESS ECONOMICS AND COMPUTER SCIENCE IN EDUCATION
Authors:   Computer Science teachers, Fergana Presidential School, Uzbekistan, Sulaymon Abdullayev
Published: September 2024

This abstract explores the intersection of Business Economics and Computer Science within education, highlighting the symbiotic relationship and diverse perspectives inherent in merging these disciplines. By combining analytical rigor with computational methodologies, students are equipped to navigate complex market dynamics and technological advancements, fostering innovation and problem-solving acumen essential for success in the digital age. Through case studies and academic insights, the abstract elucidates how this interdisciplinary approach enriches traditional business education, amplifying the efficacy of economic analyses and decision-making processes. Embracing this synergy not only enhances students' skill sets but also prepares them to tackle contemporary challenges and drive sustainable economic growth in an interconnected world.
ANALYSIS OF MODERN PEDAGOGICAL TECHNOLOGIES IN TEACHING THE STRUCTURE AND PRINCIPLE OF OPERATION OF TRANSFORMERS
Authors:   Bukhara Institute of Engineering and Technology, Associate Professor of the Department of ", Kahramonovich Jorayev Mirjalal ,   Electrical Mechanics and Technologies",   ., Uzbekistan
Published: September 2024

The use of interactive methods in the educational system and educational process is an innovative method that increases the effectiveness of education. The head of state explained that teaching young people to work and think in a new way is the need of the times. Nowadays, interactive methods are being used in the teaching process in all educational institutions.
ABNORMAL UTERINE BLEEDING: A REVIEW OF THE LAST FIVE YEARS
Authors:   assistant Samarkand State Medical University, Samarkand, Uzbekistan, Samadovna Karimova Gulchekhra
Published: September 2024

This article is devoted to the study of innovations in gynecology in recent years. New diagnostic methods, minimally invasive treatment methods, a personalized approach to treatment, and methods for the prevention of gynecological diseases have been studied in detail.
Smart Grid Integration for Offshore Oil Platforms
Authors: Onumadu Chibuzo
Published: September 2024

The successful pilot operation of Equinor's floating Hywind 2.3 MW wind turbine has validated the potential of new technology for capturing wind energy in deep water environments. This innovation shows promise for harnessing the excellent wind resources near offshore oil and gas platforms, where water depths range from 100 to several hundred meters. Offshore oil and gas platforms, which include numerous energy-consuming facilities such as drilling, accommodation, processing, exporting, and injection units, have significant electrical power demands ranging from 10 MW to several hundred MW on the Norwegian Continental Shelf (NCS). As the NCS is a mature petroleum province, energy consumption per produced unit is expected to increase, posing environmental challenges. Currently, most platforms on the NCS generate their own electrical power using gas turbines, which also directly drive compressors and pumps. These gas turbines are responsible for approximately 80% of the total CO2 and NOx emissions from offshore installations. Integrating smart grid technology with renewable energy sources like floating wind turbines could significantly reduce these emissions and enhance the sustainability of offshore oil and gas operations.
The Impact of Compensation Valuation in Nigeria Infrastructural Development
Authors: Raji Taoheed Adewale , Okafor Johnbosco Ikenna
Published: September 2024

The power to compulsorily acquire the interest in land of an individual for overriding public interest is provided in the Land Use Act. Equally, the Land Use Act and the Nigerian Constitution provides for payment of compensation to anyone whose interest in land is expropriated or compulsory acquired for the common good of the people. The aim of this study is to analyze impact of compensation valuation on community engagement in Nigeria infrastructural development projects with a view to ascertaining the correlation between compensation valuation practices and community engagement outcomes. The total sample size for this study was 140 participants (104 Claimants and 36 Estate Surveyors and Valuers) representing a fragment of the 180 (140 Claimants and 40 Estate Surveyors and Valuers) sample frame considering qualitative data collection. The Sample size was determined Using Taro Yamane’s Formular. The opinion of respondents obtained through questionnaire were analyzed both with the use of percentage and frequency table. The findings of this study are analyzed in details. It was discovered that majority of the landowners/community residents are of the opinion that compensation sum offered are unfair and the claimants were not carried along in the decision making process. The research depicts that community members were not fully involved in the compensation valuation decisions thereby in extensively not influencing their willingness of engaging in the infrastructural project. According to a considerable number of estate surveyors and valuers, it has been discovered that the current compensation method outlined by the Land Use Act results in undervaluation of assessed properties, as it fails to reflect their market value accurately. To address this issue, the study strongly recommends that relevant authorities, namely the Federal Government and acquiring authorities, to take prompt action and develop a sustainable compensation valuation process for infrastructure projects in Nigeria.
Surgical Approach to Retroperitoneal Sarcomas with Involvement of the Permeable Inferior Vena Cava: Use of the Femorojugular Bypass
Authors: Cabre L Cambeiro , Samso R Homs , Diez E Rosello , Solerdelcoll M Solans , Serven M Gine , Vaquerizo L Lorenzo , Cabus S Sanchez , Duarte A Moral , Lopez JA Gonzalez
Published: September 2024

Introduction: Retroperitoneal sarcomas with Inferior Vena Cava (IVC) involvement are rare cases and complex to manage. Radical surgical resection is the only potentially curative treatment and sometimes clamping of the IVC is necessary, which can cause hemodynamic alterations. In this study, we describe the use of femorojugular bypass with perfusion pump as a technique to optimize the hemodynamic situation during the resection of retroperitoneal sarcomas with IVC involvement. Methods: We collected data from patients presenting with retroperitoneal sarcomas with IVC involvement operated at the Hospital de la Santa Creu i Sant Pau (Barcelona), a sarcoma referral center, between March 2021 and May 2023. The technical details of the surgical procedures were analyzed, including the IVC involvement, surgical approach to treatment, and the use of femorojugular bypass. Postoperative complications and oncologic outcomes were also recorded. Results: A total of seven patients diagnosed with retroperitoneal sarcoma with IVC involvement were operated on. In two of the cases, a femorojugular bypass was performed prior to clamping the IVC. In five of the cases, radical resection of the tumor was achieved without leaving macroscopic disease. The mean estimated blood loss was 2.21 L and there was no postoperative mortality. Overall survival was 75% at 12 months with a mean follow-up of 11.86 months. Conclusion: The use of femorojugular bypass during the resection of retroperitoneal sarcomas with IVC involvement may improve the hemodynamic situation of the patient and allow for complete tumor resection. This multidisciplinary surgical approach in referral centers may be effective in the treatment of this rare disease. However, further studies are needed to confirm these results and to establish standardized management guidelines.
Mitigation and Adaptation Strategies for Climate Crisis: Net-Zero Villages
Authors: Chul An Byung , Dong Seong Hwan , Kyu Lee* Dong
Published: September 2024

To respond to the climate crisis, we are responding globally by setting the goal of Net Zero. These response strategies are being divided into mitigation and adaptation, but most studies emphasize the mitigation aspect, and research on this is the main focus. However, to respond to the climate crisis, adaptation aspects must also be considered, which may most closely affect changes and transitions in human life. Net Zero Villages is an implementation strategy to respond to the climate crisis and can be used in all aspects of mitigation and adaptation. In this study, Net Zero Villages Model was presented to help assess specific planning factors for Net Zero at the village level.
Environmental Food Contaminants and Control Recommendations
Authors: Ozbay* Sena
Published: September 2024

Environmental contaminants are considered a significant food safety risk. The rising population increased food production and industrialization have accentuated the importance of addressing food contamination. The primary causes of these contaminants in food include agricultural practices, industrial activities, waste management, and air and water pollution. Contamination can occur at various stages of the food chain and can reach consumers. Various strategies and measures are recommended to prevent and control environmental food contaminants. In this regard, appropriate production systems, the improvement of agricultural practices, and the monitoring of food production systems crucial. Governments and international organizations also play a role in establishing and enforcing food safety standards concerning environmental contaminants. In conclusion, this brief review addresses significant environmental contaminants such as heavy metals, dioxins, microplastics, nitrite-nitrate, PCBs, and melamine, and highlights potential health issues. Continuous updating of knowledge and strategies in this field through future research and development is essential.
Explainable Machine Learning Models for Predicting Recurrence in Differentiated Thyroid Cancer
Authors: Arslan Ahmet Kadir , Çolak Cemil
Published: September 2024

Aim: Differentiated thyroid cancer (DTC) is a common type of cancer that originates in the thyroid gland. This study aimed to predict the recurrence of differentiated thyroid carcinoma, in patient with well-DTC, using explainable machine learning (XAI) models.
Material and Method: The study utilized a dataset from the UCI Machine Learning Repository, which included 383 patients and 13 candidate predictors. After a variable selection process using distance correlation, only four predictors (Response, Risk, T, and N) were retained for model building. Two XAI models, Fast Interpretable Greedy-Tree Sums (FIGS) and Explainable Boosting Machines (EBM), were employed.
Results: The EBM model slightly outperformed the FIGS model in terms of accuracy. The study found that the most influential predictors of Well-DTC recurrence were the response to DTC treatment, risk status according to the American Thyroid Association classification, tumor size (T), and lymph node metastasis (N).
Conclusion: In conclusion, this study successfully identified key risk factors for DTC recurrence using XAI models, providing interpretable insights for clinical decision-making and potential for personalized treatment strategies.
The Periodicals that Puzzled Dickens: The Weekly Balance Sheets of the Preston Lock-Out, 1853–1854
Authors: Hobbs Andrew
Published: September 2024

Charles Dickens was puzzled and intrigued by a type of print publication which was central to the Preston strike and lock-out of 1853–1854 and hundreds of other industrial disputes in the nineteenth century, the strike balance sheet. This first academic study of the periodical genre summarises its structure and contents (a stirring opening address, long lists of donations sent in support of the locked-out workers featuring meaningful and allusive nicknames, snatches of verse, and threats against those who refused to contribute) and examines how it was produced, received and interpreted. Strike balance sheets demonstrated the collective and financial power of the unions, while their creation of an independent, worker-controlled public sphere of print reduced the imbalance of cultural power between workers and masters. They are also significant for what they tell us about the size, spread and consistency of the financial and moral support for the Preston workers, and as snapshots of broader trade union activity across the nation. They reveal intraclass debates and conflicts, and the rhetoric and values of the union leadership and lower-tier district delegates. Most intriguing of all, they make up a large body of print material in which nineteenth-century working-class voices are heard.

This article was published open access under a CC BY-NC-ND licence:
https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/
The Global Distribution of Water and Hydroxyl on the Moon as Seen by the Moon Mineralogy Mapper (M3)
Authors: Clark Roger N. , Pearson Neil C. , McCord Thomas B. , Domingue Deborah L. , Livo Keith Eric , Boardman Joseph W. , Moriarty Daniel P. , Hendrix Amanda R. , Kramer Georgiana , Banks Maria E.
Published: September 2024

The Moon Mineralogy Mapper (M3) on the Chandrayaan-1 spacecraft provided nearly global 0.5–3 μm imaging-spectroscopy data at 140 m pixel–1 in 85 spectral bands. Targeted locations were imaged at 70 m pixel–1 and higher spectral resolution. These data enable a detailed look at the mineralogy, hydroxyl, and water signatures exposed on the lunar surface. We find evidence for multiple processes, including probable solar wind implantation, excavation of hydroxyl-poor and water-poor material in cratering events, excavation of hydroxyl and water-rich materials from depth and global trends with rock type and latitude. Some water-rich areas display sharp boundaries with water-poor rocks but have a diffuse halo of hydroxyl surrounding the water-rich rocks indicating a weathering process of destruction of water, probably due to a regolith gardening process. Mapping for specific mineralogy shows evidence for absorptions near 2.2 μm, probably associated with smectites, and near 1.9 μm due to water. Lunar swirls are confirmed to be OH-poor, but we also find evidence that swirls are water-poor based on a weak 1.9 μm water band. Some swirls show enhanced pyroxene absorption. “Diurnal” signatures are found with stable minerals. Pyroxene is shown to exhibit strong band depth changes with the diurnal cycle, which directly tracks the solar incidence angle and is consistent with changing composition and/or grain size with depth. Mapping of M3 data for the presence of iron oxides (e.g., hematite and goethite) is found to be a false signature in the M3 data due to scattered light in the instrument.
The fourth species of Sinamma Lin & Li, 2014 (Araneae, Tetrablemmidae) from China
Authors: He Ailan , Zhu Jinheng , Chen Fang , Guo Jing
Published: September 2024

Sinamma Lin & Li, 2014 is a small tetrablemmid genus distributed in China, with three currently known species: Sinamma oxycera Lin & Li, 2014 from Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region and S. quadrata Tong & Li, 2022 and S. yingae Tong & Li, 2022 from Guangdong Province.

While examining spider specimens obtained by sifting leaf litter from Danxiashan National Nature Reserve in Guangdong Province of China, we discovered a new species of the genus Sinamma, S. danxia sp. nov., which is described here.
George Gardner’s enigmatic species Goyazia villosa (Gesneriaceae) finally rediscovered
Authors: Figueira Maurício , Schindler Bianca , Onofre de Araujo Andréa , Chautems Alain , Perret Mathieu , da Silva Nílber Gonçalves , Alves Ruy José Válka , Simon Marcelo Fragomeni
Published: September 2024

Tapina villosa (Gesneriaceae) was published by George Gardner in 1842, based on material he collected in Serra de Natividade (Tocantins, Brazil) in 1840. The species is now recognized as Goyazia villosa (Gardner) R.A. Howard. Since Gardner’s travels in Central Brazil, this species had not been collected again and the taxon was considered as possibly extinct. After a long time, we report the discovery of two new populations of G. villosa in the municipality of Palmas and in the Estação Ecológica Serra Geral do Tocantins, ca. 200 and 100 km north of the Serra de Natividade, respectively. The newly collected materials allow us to better characterize the morphology and infer the phylogenetic placement of this poorly-known species. Here we demonstrate that G. villosa is closely related to G. rupicola in a clade including Goyazia and Mandirola species, and provide an updated description of the species, including field images, photographic plate, information on its distribution and habitat, and a taxonomic key for the species of Goyazia.
Molecular and morphological identification of larvae of Carangidae (Teleostei, Carangiformes) species from southern Gulf of California
Authors: Silva-Segundo Claudia A. , Funes-Rodríguez René , Anaya-Godínez Eduardo , Gómez-Gutiérrez Jaime
Published: September 2024

The description of diagnostic morphological characters and DNA barcoding of fish larvae from nine species of the carangid family are provided from specimens collected during a weekly zooplankton time-series (2016–2017) at Cabo Pulmo National Park, Gulf of California, Mexico. Five nominal species (Caranx sexfasciatus, C. caballus, Naucrates ductor, Selar crumenophthalmus, and Selene peruviana) and three morphotypes of Decapterus spp. and one of Caranx spp. were identified and separated based on morphological, meristic, and pigmentary diagnostic characters. All larvae were genetically sequenced for a fragment of the cytochrome c oxidase subunit I mitochondrial gene. Sequences of larval Caranx and Decapterus showed high genetic similarity (> 99%), low intraspecific divergence (< 1%), and an interspecific divergence between 6% and 11%, allowing the discrimination of diagnostic pigmentation patterns of fish larvae among three sibling species from each genus: Caranx (C. caballus, C. caninus, and C. sexfasciatus) and Decapterus (D. macarellus, D. macrosoma, and D. muroadsi). DNA barcoding supported the presence of Caranx caballus, C. caninus, C. sexfasciatus, Decapterus macarellus, D. muroadsi, Selar crumenophthalmus, and Selene peruviana, and for the first time Naucrates ductor and D. macrosoma at the CPNP. Abundance of these nine species (confirmed molecularly) was estimated throughout the 2016–2017 weekly time series. Decapterus macarellus and Caranx caninus were the most abundant species. The morphological and molecular taxonomic methods allowed us to infer the species number and abundance of these commercial species at the CPNP to improve conservation in protected areas and fishery management.
Incidence of Clinically Diagnosed Psoriatic Arthritis in Sweden
Authors: Exarchou Sofia , Di Giuseppe Daniela , Klingberg Eva , Sigurdardottir Valgerdur , Wedrén Sara , Lindström Ulf , Turesson Carl , Jacobsson Lennart T.H. , Askling Johan , Wallman Johan K.
Published: September 2024

Objective

Prior incidence estimates of psoriatic arthritis (PsA) vary considerably. We aimed to assess the annual incidence of clinically diagnosed PsA among adults in Sweden in 2014-2016, overall and stratified by age/sex/education/geography, and to investigate potential time trends in incidence in 2006-2018. Use of disease-modifying antirheumatic drugs (DMARDs) during the 2 years after diagnosis was also examined.

Methods

Patients (aged ≥ 18 years) with incident clinically diagnosed PsA in Sweden were identified from the National Patient Register (NPR) and/or the Swedish Rheumatology Quality Register (SRQ). Population statistics, stratification variables, and DMARD information were retrieved from other nationwide registers. Incidence was estimated according to a base case (BC) definition (ie, ≥ 1 main International Classification of Diseases, 10th revision, diagnosis of PsA [L40.5/M07.0-M07.3] from rheumatology/internal medicine in NPR, or a PsA diagnosis in SRQ during the relevant year, and no prior such diagnoses) and 4 different sensitivity analysis case definitions.

Results

The mean annual incidence of clinically diagnosed PsA among adults in Sweden in 2014-2016 was estimated at 21.77 per 100,000 person-years (PYs) at risk, according to the BC definition; 17.41 per 100,000 PYs at risk after accounting for diagnostic misclassification; and 15.78 to 28.83 per 100,000 PYs at risk across all sensitivity analyses. Incidence was slightly higher in female individuals, was lower in those with higher education (aged > 12 years), and peaked during the ages of 50 to 59 years. No apparent increasing or decreasing time trend was observed in 2006-2018. Within 2 years of diagnosis, 71.03% of patients had received DMARD therapy (22.37% biologic or targeted synthetic DMARDs).

Conclusion

From 2014 to 2016, the annual incidence of clinically diagnosed PsA in the adult Swedish population was approximately 20 per 100,000 PYs at risk. Two years after diagnosis, almost three-quarters of patients had received DMARD therapy.
Intelligent Mobility Assimilating IoT in Autonomous Vehicles
Authors: Singh Bhupinder , Kaunert Christian , Lal Sahil , Arora Manmeet Kaur , Jermsittiparsert Kittisak
Published: September 2024

Autonomous vehicle (AV) technologies, coupled with the rapid growth of the internet of things (IoT), have ushered in an era of intelligent mobility. This evolution holds the potential to significantly contribute to the development of sustainable cities and communities by addressing pressing issues such as traffic congestion, environmental pollution, and monotonous transportation systems. AVs can effectively mitigate these challenges by utilizing cutting-edge sensors, artificial intelligence (AI), and advanced communication protocols. This comprehensive approach allows AVs to interact with surrounding infrastructure seamlessly. Integrating IoT in autonomous vehicles enhances their ability to collect, analyze, and utilize data, improving vehicle performance and transportation networks. This chapter explores the convergence of intelligent mobility, IoT, and autonomous vehicles, focusing on how these emerging technologies can be harnessed to build sustainable cities and communities.
Sustainability-Balanced Scorecard for an Energy Company
Authors: Oliveira Helena Costa , Sousa Inês , Bastos Susana
Published: September 2024

Considering the significant impact of sustainability on companies' performance, implementing strategies and measuring them is essential. The sustainability balanced scorecard integrating sustainability into traditional perspectives (finance, customers, internal processes, and learning and growth) can be an efficient strategic management and performance assessment tool. This study aims to analyze the sustainable development goals a company prioritizes and propose their integration into the balance scorecard to monitor them. This study develops a case study through a qualitative analysis based on documentary analysis and interviews. The balanced scorecard developed for the energy company is aligned with its mission and values, considering the sustainable development goals that the company aims to achieve (SDGs 8, 9, 12, and 17). This study contributes to the literature on the sustainability-balanced scorecard. The model presented can be useful for other companies that intend to use management tools to measure sustainability.