bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Li-Fi based on security cloud framework for future IT environment
Authors: Sharma Pradip Kumar , Ryu Jung Hyun , Park Kyung Yeob , Park Jin Ho , Park Jong Hyuk
Published: July 2018

In the new era of the Internet of Things (IoT), all information related to the environment, things and humans is connected to networks. Humans, too, can be considered an integral part of the IoT ecosystem. The growing human-centricity of IoT applications raises the need greater dynamicity, heterogeneity, and scalability in future IoT systems. Recently, the IoT and cloud computing have both evolved as emerging technologies and have already become part of our daily life. The complementary features of the IoT and cloud are forming a new IT paradigm to meet current and future requirements. Due to the increased demand for and volume of IoT data, it has become a critical challenge to transfer data from the edge of the network to computing data centers due to the limitations of network bandwidth and higher latency delay. The emergence of the new paradigm of computing in the cloud computing architecture has made it necessary to overcome the inherent limitations of cloud computing, such as location awareness, scalability, energy efficiency, mobility, bandwidth bottlenecks, and latency delay. To address these issues, this paper proposes an efficient hybrid cloud architecture framework coupled with Li-Fi communication for a human-centric IoT network. It also introduces the architecture of the local cloud to reduce the latency delay and bandwidth cost and to improve efficiency, security, reliability and availability. Finally, the paper discusses the communication modulation schemes in the Li-Fi technique and presents scenarios involving the application of the proposed model in the real world.
Risk factors for interpersonal violence: an umbrella review of meta-analyses
Authors: Fazel Seena , Smith E. Naomi , Chang Zheng , Geddes John Richard
Published: July 2018

Background

Interpersonal violence is a leading cause of morbidity and mortality. The strength and population effect of modifiable risk factors for interpersonal violence, and the quality of the research evidence is not known.

Aims

We aimed to examine the strength and population effect of modifiable risk factors for interpersonal violence, and the quality and reproducibility of the research evidence.

Method

We conducted an umbrella review of systematic reviews and meta-analyses of risk factors for interpersonal violence. A systematic search was conducted to identify systematic reviews and meta-analyses in general population samples. Effect sizes were extracted, converted into odds ratios and synthesised, and population attributable risk fractions (PAF) were calculated. Quality analyses were performed, including of small study effects, adjustment for confounders and heterogeneity. Secondary analyses for aggression, intimate partner violence and homicide were conducted, and systematic reviews (without meta-analyses) were summarised.

Results

We identified 22 meta-analyses reporting on risk factors for interpersonal violence. Neuropsychiatric disorders were among the strongest in relative and absolute terms. The neuropsychiatric risk factor that had the largest effect at a population level were substance use disorders, with a PAF of 14.8% (95% CI 9.0–21.6%), and the most important historical factor was witnessing or being a victim of violence in childhood (PAF = 12.2%, 95% CI 6.5–17.4%). There was evidence of small study effects and large heterogeneity.

Conclusions

National strategies for the prevention of interpersonal violence may need to review policies concerning the identification and treatment of modifiable risk factors.

Declarations of interest

J.R.G. is an NIHR Senior Investigator. The views expressed within this article are those of the authors and not necessarily those of the NHS, the NIHR or the Department of Health and Social Care.
Palliation or Prolongation? The Impact of a Peer-Review Intervention on Shortening Radiotherapy Schedules for Bone Metastases
Authors: Walker Gary V. , Shirvani Shervin M. , Borghero Yerko , Callister Matthew D. , Chamberlain Daniel D. , Grade Emily J. , Khan Mohamed K. , Kumar Rachit , Richmond Jeffrey G. , Roberts Terence J. , Likhacheva Anna O.
Published: July 2018

Purpose:

Shorter fractionation radiation regimens for palliation of bone metastases result in lower financial and social costs for patients and their caregivers and have similar efficacy as longer fractionation schedules, although practice patterns in the United States show poor adoption. We investigated whether prospective peer review can increase use of shorter fractionation schedules.

Methods:

In June 2016, our practice mandated peer review of total dose and fractionation for all patients receiving palliative treatment during our weekly chart rounds. We used descriptive statistics and Fisher’s exact test to compare lengths of treatment of uncomplicated bone metastases before and after implementation of the peer review process.

Results:

Between July 2015 and December 2016, a total of 242 palliative treatment courses were delivered, including 105 courses before the peer review intervention and 137 after the intervention. We observed greater adoption of shorter fractionation regimens after the intervention. The use of 8 Gy in one fraction increased from 2.8% to 13.9% of cases postadoption. Likewise, the use of 20 Gy in five fractions increased from 25.7% to 32.8%. The use of 30 Gy in 10 fractions decreased from 55.2% to 47.4% ( P = .002), and the use of ≥ 11 fractions decreased from 16.2% before the intervention to 5.8% after ( P = .006).

Conclusion:

Prospective peer review of palliative regimens for bone metastases can lead to greater adoption of shorter palliative fractionation schedules in daily practice, in accordance with national guidelines. This simple intervention may therefore benefit patients and their caregivers as well as provide value to the health care system.
Cancer modeling by Transgene Electroporation in Adult Zebrafish (TEAZ)
Authors: Callahan Scott J. , Tepan Stephanie , Zhang Yan M. , Lindsay Helen , Burger Alexa , Campbell Nathaniel R. , Kim Isabella S. , Hollmann Travis J. , Studer Lorenz , Mosimann Christian , White Richard M.
Published: July 2018

Transgenic animals are invaluable for modeling cancer genomics, but often require complex crosses of multiple germline alleles to obtain the desired combinations. Zebrafish models have advantages in that transgenes can be rapidly tested by mosaic expression, but typically lack spatial and temporal control of tumor onset, which limits their utility for the study of tumor progression and metastasis. To overcome these limitations, we have developed a method referred to as Transgene Electroporation in Adult Zebrafish (TEAZ). TEAZ can deliver DNA constructs with promoter elements of interest to drive fluorophores, oncogenes or CRISPR-Cas9-based mutagenic cassettes in specific cell types. Using TEAZ, we created a highly aggressive melanoma model via Cas9-mediated inactivation of Rb1 in the context of BRAFV600E in spatially constrained melanocytes. Unlike prior models that take ∼4 months to develop, we found that TEAZ leads to tumor onset in ∼7 weeks, and these tumors develop in fully immunocompetent animals. As the resulting tumors initiated at highly defined locations, we could track their progression via fluorescence, and documented deep invasion into tissues and metastatic deposits. TEAZ can be deployed to other tissues and cell types, such as the heart, with the use of suitable transgenic promoters. The versatility of TEAZ makes it widely accessible for rapid modeling of somatic gene alterations and cancer progression at a scale not achievable in other in vivo systems.
Poly(A) polymerase is required for RyhB sRNA stability and function in Escherichia coli
Authors: Sinha Dhriti , Matz Lisa M. , Cameron Todd A. , De Lay Nicholas R.
Published: July 2018

Small regulatory RNAs (sRNAs) are an important class of bacterial post-transcriptional regulators that control numerous physiological processes, including stress responses. In Gram-negative bacteria including Escherichia coli, the RNA chaperone Hfq binds many sRNAs and facilitates pairing to target transcripts, resulting in changes in mRNA transcription, translation, or stability. Here, we report that poly(A) polymerase (PAP I), which promotes RNA degradation by exoribonucleases through the addition of poly(A) tails, has a crucial role in the regulation of gene expression by Hfq-dependent sRNAs. Specifically, we show that deletion of pcnB, encoding PAP I, paradoxically resulted in an increased turnover of certain Hfq-dependent sRNAs, including RyhB. RyhB instability in the pcnB deletion strain was suppressed by mutations in hfq or ryhB that disrupt pairing of RyhB with target RNAs, by mutations in the 3′ external transcribed spacer of the glyW-cysT-leuZ transcript (3′ETSLeuZ) involved in pairing with RyhB, or an internal deletion in rne, which encodes the endoribonuclease RNase E. Finally, the reduced stability of RyhB in the pcnB deletion strain resulted in impaired regulation of some of its target mRNAs, specifically sodB and sdhCDAB. Altogether our data support a model where PAP I plays a critical role in ensuring the efficient decay of the 3′ETSLeuZ. In the absence of PAP I, the 3′ETSLeuZ transcripts accumulate, bind Hfq, and pair with RyhB, resulting in its depletion via RNase E-mediated decay. This ultimately leads to a defect in RyhB function in a PAP I deficient strain.
A hundred years of rabies in Kenya and the strategy for eliminating dog-mediated rabies by 2030
Authors: Bitek Austine O , Osoro Eric , Munyua Peninah M , Nanyingi Mark , Muthiani Yvonne , Kiambi Stella , Muturi Mathew , Mwatondo Athman , Muriithi Rees , Cleaveland Sarah , Hampson Katie , Njenga M. Kariuki , Kitala PM , Thumbi SM
Published: July 2018

Background: Rabies causes an estimated 59,000 human deaths annually. In Kenya, rabies was first reported in a dog in 1912, with the first human case reported in 1928. Here we examine retrospective rabies data in Kenya for the period 1912 – 2017 and describe the spatial and temporal patterns of rabies occurrence in the country. Additionally, we detail Kenya’s strategy for the elimination of dog-mediated human rabies by 2030.

Methods: Data on submitted samples and confirmed cases in humans, domestic animals and wildlife were obtained from Kenya’s Directorate of Veterinary Services. These data were associated with the geographical regions where the samples originated, and temporal and spatial trends examined.

Results: Between 1912 and the mid 1970’s, rabies spread across Kenya gradually, with fewer than 50 cases reported per year and less than half of the 47 counties affected. Following an outbreak in the mid 1970’s, rabies spread rapidly to more than 85% of counties, with a 4 fold increase in the percent positivity of samples submitted and number of confirmed rabies cases. Since 1958, 7,584 samples from domestic animals (93%), wildlife (5%), and humans (2%) were tested. Over two-thirds of all rabies cases came from six counties, all in close proximity to veterinary diagnostic laboratories, highlighting a limitation of passive surveillance.

Conclusions: Compulsory annual dog vaccinations between 1950’s and the early 1970’s slowed rabies spread. The rapid spread with peak rabies cases in the 1980’s coincided with implementation of structural adjustment programs privatizing the veterinary sector leading to breakdown of rabies control programs. To eliminate human deaths from rabies by 2030, Kenya is implementing a 15-year step-wise strategy based on three pillars: a) mass dog vaccination, b) provision of post-exposure prophylaxis and public awareness and c) improved surveillance for rabies in dogs and humans with prompt responses to rabies outbreaks.
Processes of Tropospheric Ozone Formation in The Crimean Peninsula
Authors: Куркудилова Анжелика , Kurkudilova Anzhelika , Макарова Анна , Makarova Anna , Тарасова Наталия , Tarasova Natalya , Лапченко Владимир , Lapchenko Vladimir , Евстафьева Елена , Yevstafyeva Elena
Published: July 2018

Detailed analysis of factors influencing ozone formation in the atmosphere’s surface layers has been carried out in this paper. The analysis of temperature and humidity effects has showed that, despite the obvious relationship between these parameters and ozone concentration, there are other factors that also effect significantly. In particular, the temperature and humidity dependences do not allow explain with a high degree of reliability a significant short-term increase in tropospheric ozone concentration by more than 70%. The paper authors, as follows from the analysis of biennial data on the content of tropospheric ozone, have noted that the cases of significant surpassing for ozone concentration occur only when winds are eastern, northeastern or southeasterly ones, resulting in proposition on a possible impact of oil spills at the Feodosia commercial seaport, situated at a distance of 16 km from the station.
INTUICIONES PROBABILÍSTICAS EN ESTUDIANTES DE INGENIERÍA: IMPLICACIONES PARA LA ENSEÑANZA DE LA PROBABILIDAD
Authors: Alvarado Hugo , Estrella Soledad , Retamal Lidia , Galindo Maritza
Published: July 2018

Se evalúan las intuiciones y heurísticas sobre la probabilidad en 257 estudiantes de ingeniería mediante un cuestionario de ocho ítems cerrados, y se analizan las argumentaciones de 148 de ellos en un ítem abierto. Los resultados indican una alta variación en la asignación cualitativa de la intuición probabilística en situaciones de incertidumbre y la existencia de intuiciones correctas e incorrectas de los estudiantes. Proponemos una enseñanza de la probabilidad que relacione la comprensión teórica y práctica de los significados de la probabilidad, que va del intuitivo al axiomático, a través de la estimación cualitativa de las intuiciones probabilísticas como grado de creencia personal, y la confrontación explícita de las diversas heurísticas con el conocimiento formal de la probabilidad.
Government mental health plans lack ambition
Authors: Parr Chris
Published: July 2018

A joint report by the Education and Health and Social Care Committees concludes that the government plans to improve young people's mental health are not ambitious enough and ignore the needs of many, Chris Parr explains.
Protecting vulnerable pupils: Supporting refugee children
Authors: Stafford Clare
Published: July 2018

Refugee children are among the most vulnerable in our schools and can face a range of challenges. Clare Stafford seeks some expert advice for schools to help support them.
‘Tradition needs disrupting’
Authors: Barrett Chloe
Published: July 2018

From dental nurse to businesswoman, DigiDentistry's Chloe Barrett speaks about her entrepreneurial venture and how she's revolutionising dental education
An update on discoloured teeth and bleaching part 1: the aetiology and diagnosis of discoloured teeth
Authors: Dubal Raj , Porter Richard WJ
Published: July 2018

Abstract: A variety of bleaching materials and techniques are available across the dental market, and these are being used by the profession as a conservative approach to improving the appearance of discoloured teeth. The array of materials available and misunderstandings around the legality of their use has complicated the practitioner's approach to making an informed choice regarding dental bleaching. This article aims to provide an overview of the common causes of dental discoloration and presents a simple approach to diagnosing potential causes of discoloured teeth.

CPD/Clinical Relevance: A sound and systematic approach to understanding and diagnosing causes of dental discoloration are fundamental in ensuring the correct management approach and treatment outcome. This is key to ensuring that patients are not over-treated and receive appropriate, safe and effective treatment.
Gagging – bringing up an old problem part 1: aetiology and diagnosis
Authors: Murchie Bryan Daniel
Published: July 2018

Abstract: Gagging is a problem which has plagued dentists and other members of the dental team, including non-dental colleagues, during the course of their careers. Gagging not only has the potential to slow down the progression of the patient's treatment, but it can often lead to the development of dental fear, anxiety and future avoidance of their scheduled appointments; much to the frustration of both parties. Subsequently, dentists may consider what went wrong with their initial approach and whether anything could have been done differently. However, the gag reflex, particularly when severe, is normally beyond the scope of simple reflective exercises, as this response may just be the tip of a very large psychological iceberg and, as deceptive as it seems, the dentist possibly never stood a fighting chance on his/her own. The first part of this two-part series aims to explore the aetiology and diagnosing the severity of the condition. The second part of the series will focus on the various management approaches which can be taken to overcome this physiological response successfully.

CPD/Clinical Relevance: Gagging patients are a common occurrence within both general practice and hospital settings. It is important that clinicians are able to identify and categorize patients suffering from this condition correctly at an early stage, before clinical examination, or they will risk exacerbating dental fear and anxiety.
Combined endodontic-surgical management of a palato-gingival groove in a maxillary lateral incisor with two canals
Authors: Sakkir Nasil , Asifulla Mohamed , Thaha Khaleel Ahamed , Francis Tony
Published: July 2018

Abstract: Maxillary lateral incisors often exhibit embryological variations and developmental anomalies. The palato-gingival groove (PGG) is a rare anomaly that can pose difficulties in accurate diagnosis and treatment planning. Its presence can predispose to localized periodontal involvement, pulpal necrosis and combined periodontal-endodontic lesions. This case report describes the combined endodontic and surgical management of a complex type of palato-gingival groove in a maxillary right lateral incisor with two canals which was diagnosed with the help of cone beam computed tomography (CBCT) and successfully managed using advanced bioactive materials.

CPD/Clinical Relevance: Clinicians should be familiar with the diagnosis and treatment planning in cases with a palato-gingival groove. Complex cases require combined endodontic and periodontal therapy. Autologous platelet rich fibrin (PRF) is a simple and cost-effective healing aid which helps in the regeneration of attachment apparatus.
You have to hand it to them
Authors: Davies Sarah
Published: July 2018

This article will offer a selection of activities designed to engage you and your children in thinking about how important our hands, and what we do with them, are. From talking to mark making to getting messy!
We've explored… farming
Authors: Rawstrone Annette
Published: July 2018

Children's interest in local farming led to a visit to their setting by one of the dads in his tractor, reports Annette Rawstrone
5 things to do with… steps and ramps
Authors: Mountain Julie
Published: July 2018

Letting children practise negotiating steps and slopes will improve their physical confidence and can teach them about number and gravity. By Julie Mountain
Rise to the occasion
Authors: Fisher Julie
Published: July 2018

Confront the challenges posed by supporting adult-led and child-led learning appropriately, and be the supportive practitioner that the learner – and the context – demand, says author and adviser Julie Fisher
The Promising Roles of Augmented Reality in Educational Setting: A Review of the Literature
Authors: Yuliono Tri , Sarwanto Sarwanto , Rintayati Peduk
Published: July 2018

This present study imparts a literature review focusing on Augmented Reality (AR) in the field of education. The writers reviewed the published manuscripts by centering on types of manuscripts, research designs, types of participants, and the promising roles of AR in educational setting. A total number of 18 articles were thoroughly analyzed. The results showed a diverse type of manuscripts published in the journal databases including research articles, reviews, technical notes, features, and news. Types of research designs also varied such as Research and Development, Experimental, Content Analysis, Exploratory, Action Research, Descriptive Study, Survey, Mixed Method, and Design-Based Research. Types of participants embraced a diverse range of participants including university students, primary students, secondary students, teachers, and children with special needs. The most prominent role of AR was that it improved students’ knowledge and understanding of the materials. Current gaps in AR-related studies in educational setting are recognized, and several recommendations for conducting upcoming studies are proposed.
Achievement Motivation Analysis of Outstanding Students in Learning Writing at Primary Schools
Authors: Kholisiyah Ruksah Nur , Rukayah Rukayah , Indriayu Mintasih
Published: July 2018

This study aims to describe achievement motivation on outstanding students in learning to write at the fifth grade  primary schools students. The research method used is descriptive qualitative. Subjects in this study were 18 achieving students. The data were collected through questionnaire, interview and observation. Analytical techniques used are interactive analysis consisting of data collection, data reduction, data presentation and conclusion. The results of this study indicate that the achievement motivation on outstanding students in learning writing is good, this happens because of several factors that support outstanding students in learning writing have good achievement motivation. There are factors of individuals (intern) and environmental factors (external), an individual factor which consists of 1) the competence of students; 2) belief to succeed, while environmental factors consists of 1) the competitive situation; 2) support from parents, 3) schools, including how to teach teachers.
Implantação da Lei 11.738/2008 – Lei do Piso – na Rede Municipal de Ensino de Feira de Santana: A Dimensão do Planejamento na Gestão Pública
Authors: Rosa Marcos Da Silva da
Published: July 2018

O presente artigo tem por objetivo apresentar o processo de implantação da reserva de carga horaria para atividade extraclasse dos professores do magistério público do município de Feira de Santana, por determinação da lei 11.738/2008 (Lei do Piso). Para tanto, além do relato das ações da gestão municipal visando adequação à lei, também será analisada a pertinência e validade dessas ações, a luz dos conceitos do Planejamento na Gestão Público.
A Utilização da Radiofrequência no Tratamento Fibro Edema Gelóide: Uma Revisão de Literatura
Authors: Souza Fernanda Da Silva , Morais Karla Cavalcante Silva de , Sousa Nayara Alves de , Ferreira Juliana Barros
Published: July 2018

Objetivo: revisar a literatura sobre a eficácia da radiofrequência no tratamento do fibroedema gelóide. Metodologia: trata-se de uma revisão bibliográfica mediante a busca de artigos científicos nas plataformas Scielo e PubMed, publicados entre os anos de 2008 a 2018. Como descritores utilizou-se em inglês: "treatment" and "esthetic" or “treatmentradiofrequency” and “radiofrequencyand celulite”e o marcador boleano and.E em português: fisioterapia, celulite e radiação eletromagnética. Após aplicar filtros de pesquisa e os critérios de inclusão foram selecionados os artigos que serviram de base para a realização deste estudo. Resultados: Foram encontrados seis artigos nos meses de abril e maio, os quais foram organizados em um quadro. A literatura evidenciou eficácia da utilização da radiofrequência e melhora significativa do aspecto do fibro edema gelóide. Considerações Finais: A utilização de radiofrequência mostra-se eficaz e uma técnica promissora na terapêutica do fibro edema gelóide.
A Importância da Qualidade do Atendimento na Prestação de Serviços no Setor Público
Authors: Castro Eduardo Alves
Published: July 2018

O atendimento é uma questão de sobrevivência nos segmento de mercado em que os recursos tecnológicos estão cada vez mais acessíveis e equalizados, portanto sua eficácia tem relação direta com o nível de satisfação dos clientes. A ineficiência do atendimento causa insatisfação e se torna um risco incalculável para as instituições. O objetivos do artigo será a busca de uma reflexão sobre a qualidade no atendimento nos serviços públicos, demonstrar a importância do atendimento de qualidade para estas instituições,explanar métodos de implantação e concluir que é possível mudar o estigma e o preconceito existente com relação ao atendimento aos clientes nos órgãos públicos.
Metodologias Ativas ou Convencionais para o desenvolvimento de Trabalhos de Conclusão de Curso? Uma análise da percepção de alunos do curso de Administração
Authors: Pereira Ranielly Da Cruz , Oliveira Alyne Leite de , Viana Hudson Josino , Lima Antonio Raniel Silva , Alencar Maria Patrícia De
Published: July 2018

O estudo em questão teve como principal objetivo analisar como as metodologias ativas podem influenciar na percepção de alunos do 6º e 7º semestres do curso de administração de uma IES privada do centro sul do Ceará no desenvolvimento do trabalho de conclusão de curso. O método utilizado para a coleta de dados foi delineado a partir da aplicação de atividades baseadas na proposta do TBL e PBL, seguidas de observação assistemática não participante e um grupo focal, onde foram coletados relatos dos participantes. A pesquisa caracterizou-se com abordagem qualitativa e objetivo descritivo. Obteve-se que a utilização de metodologias ativas vem favorecer amplamente na desenvoltura e senso crítico e, especialmente na autonomia do estudante enquanto ser que pensa e que direciona o caminho que pretende alcançar, embora isso não seja nítido para ele em momentos iniciais. Os modelos apresentados apresentam-se como de significativa relevância na construção científica visto a necessidade de desenvolvimento de atividades em grupo, assim como a percepção crítica do sujeito enquanto participante do ambiente em que estiver inserido, na resolução de problemas de maneira proativa, esse fato se confirma nos relatos dos entrevistados.
A Educação do Aluno Surdo na Escola: Reflexões acerca do Ensino de Filosofia para Adolescentes Surdos
Authors: Barbosa Alexsandra Dos Santos , Medeiros Jarles Lopes de
Published: July 2018

Este artigo objetivou refletir acerca do ensino de filosofia para adolescentes surdos. Uma das principais limitações que a pessoa surda encontra ainda é a limitação social, embora sejam inúmeras as barreiras que lhe dificulta o acesso ao conhecimento, ao lazer e à comunicação. Os resultados levam a crer que o preconceito inicia-se no ambiente familiar, dificultando um diagnóstico precoce. Nesse panorama, parece cada vez mais difícil ao respeito a condição da pessoa surda, dificultando sua inclusão. Esperamos que esta discussão possa influenciar políticas públicas inclusivas mais eficazes.
Um Estudo sobre a Pedagogia Jesuítica: o Ratio Studiorum e um breve Comparativo ao Projeto Político Pedagógico
Authors: Oliveira Leilson Barros , Lima Neto Osvaldo Bezerra , Lemos Sebastiana Micaela Amorim
Published: July 2018

Esse texto busca refletir em uma abordagem histórica sobre o Ratio Atque Institutio Studiorum Societatis Iesu que data de 1599, com validade para todas as escolas da Companhia de Jesus. O Ratio Studiorum significava “Regra de Estudos”; “Ordem de Estudos”; “Plano de Estudos da Companhia de Jesus”, um comparativo ao Projeto Político Pedagógico que servem de guia para organizar a proposta legal das escolas, mostrando que nele encontramos resquícios ou semelhanças propostas ao que determinava o Ratio Studiorum. Destacando e contextualizando os fatos históricos a influenciarem na sua construção, bem como sua influência para o sistema da educação no Brasil. Dados que evidenciam o percurso traçado até a publicação final, e que reflete até os dias atuais seu ensino tradicional.
Os Efeitos da Liderança Feminina na Administração Pública, no Tribunal de Contas de Alagoas
Authors: Fragoso Rosa Maria Tavares
Published: July 2018

Se pretende em esta investigação estabelecer quais são os efeitos da liderança feminina na administração pública. É imperioso nesse contexto abordar acerca dessa realidade no âmbito público, o que será respaldado por dados elencados em relação às dificuldades encontradas pela mulher no seu ambiente de trabalho, a sua abordagem histórica para se ter direito ao trabalho, a sua posição como líder na Administração Pública, as condições de incentivo que lhe são propostas, bem como as atribuições do Tribunal de Contas. Dessa forma, compreendendo a relevância do tema em comento, pretende-se abordar os aspectos mais relevantes que o tema propõe, por meio de uma pesquisa bibliográfica, exploratória quali quantitativa ainda que sucintamente, a fim de explorar um assunto que atinge várias mulheres em várias categorias profissionais no cenário contemporâneo. A condição de trabalho, no âmbito do relacionamento dos homens em face às mulheres é ainda de superioridade, haja vista, a ótica tradicional cultural. A predominância masculina é ainda expressiva se comparada com a ênfase no trabalho feminino. Quando a pessoa que representa um líder acaba sendo perseguida por aqueles que não veem como tal, é importante que o líder crie um ambiente de apoio emocional, conforto, amizade e confiança. A valorização da mulher no espaço de trabalho vem percorrendo caminhos árduos e que hoje ainda de forma tímida precisam de maior ênfase; as estratégias das lideranças nas organizações devem ser compatíveis com os segmentos e perfis de mercado. O peso incumbido as várias atribuições que a mulher carrega, como profissional, mãe, esposa e filha causa muito desgaste físico, sobretudo, emocional. Um incentivo para as mulheres deve ser pautado na confiança, sendo, portanto, a base para as relações se tornarem sólida e para o alcance de resultados satisfatórios.
Fiscalização dos Recursos da Merenda Escolar nas Escolas Públicas do Município de Satuba em Alagoas, desde o inicio até 2016
Authors: Sales Rosana Maria Lima Albuquerque , Fanego Graciela
Published: July 2018

A investigação analisa como acontece a fiscalização dos recursos que são repassados através do Programa Nacional de Alimentação Escolar para o município de Satuba /AL, com a finalidade de compreender o contexto que permeia a fiscalização dos recursos de uma política de alimentação escolar no Brasil; o procedimento de descentralização e as vulnerabilidades que permeiam a gestão do programa; analisar a analogia do Fundo Nacional de Desenvolvimento da Educação com os diretores de escolas frente à gestão do Programa no contexto de uma Política de Estado; e propõe uma ferramenta pedagógica que estimule a transparência e o controle social na execução dos recursos do Programa Nacional de Alimentação Escolar  A pesquisa traça o percurso histórico da política de alimentação escolar e dos institutos subsidiários do Ministério da Educação, responsáveis pela execução da alimentação escolar, descreve o processo de descentralização da política de financiamento do Programa Nacional de Alimentação Escolar, visando altercar a relevância do planejamento na política de alimentação escolar e o papel dos agentes educacionais, sua função e a visão dos órgãos de fiscalização e controle face à execução e gestão do programa nos municípios, a atuação dos conselhos de alimentação escolar, bem como a análise propositiva acerca do processo de descentralização, da gestão e do controle social da política de alimentação escolar. O percurso metodológico da pesquisa utilizada é qualitativo, foram pesquisadas duas escolas públicas, uma municipal e outra estadual, os instrumentos utilizados foram: entrevistas semiestruturadas, levantamento e análise documental. O trabalho aponta como resultados que o Programa Nacional de Alimentação Escolar tem avançado em termos de financiamento e gestão, embora haja desafios que ainda precisam ser superados para garantir mais qualidade à alimentação escolar, como: aumento do valor per capita, fortalecimento da participação cidadã; capacitação técnica dos gestores do programa nos municípios; modernização do processo de gestão, tanto no âmbito do Fundo Nacional Desenvolvimento Nacional quanto no dos estados e, principalmente, nos municípios.
Modern concepts of the pathogenesis of obesity and new approaches to its correction
Authors: Logvinova Oksana Viktorovna , Poydasheva Alexandra Georgievna , Bakulin Ilya Sergeevich , Lagoda Olga Viktorovna , Kremneva Elena Igorevna , Troshina Ekaterina Anatol'evna , Mazurina Natalya Valentinovna , Suponeva Natalia Aleksandrovna , Tanashyan Marine Movsesovna , Dedov Ivan Ivanovich , Piradov Michael Aleksandrovich
Published: July 2018

The present review considers modern concepts of the physiological mechanisms of the formation of food behavior in a norm at several levels, beginning with the cellular level and ending with the level of functional systems. Neuroimaging methods used for both the study of the pathophysiological foundations of eating disorders and for determining the target for neurostimulation techniques are described. Methods of non-invasive brain stimulation such as transcranial magnetic stimulation and transcranial electrical stimulation, the mechanisms of their influence and aspects of safety of application are reviewed, the latest data on the results of studies on the use of the above methods in the therapy of obesity are summarized.
Age and sex epidemiology of obesity
Authors: Menshikova Larisa V , Babanskaya Evgenia B
Published: July 2018

BACKGROUND. Obesity by prevalence is equated to non-infectious epidemic. Conduction of epidemiological studies in different regions allows to assess the scale of the problem, to form and implement a program aimed at reducing this risk factor.
AIM. To determine the prevalence of overweight and obesity in the adult population of the city of Irkutsk depending on gender and age.
MATHERIALS AND METHODS. The data of the survey of a representative sample of the adult population of Irkutsk, consisting of 3510 people, are analyzed. Based on the calculated BMI, a group of respondents with an overweight and obesity was identified.
RESULTS. The average age of respondents with a BMI over 25 kg/m2 was higher than average age in the population – 48 and 40 years. The prevalence of BMI over 25 kg/m2 was diagnosed in 1551 respondents (44,2%): women 47.2% of men and 40.3% of the. Overweight was found in 27.8 %, obesity at 16.4%. While being overweight were more often registered in men, 29.8% and 26.2% and obesity in women is 21% and 10.5%.
CONCLUSIONS. In the adult population of Irkutsk, we found a significant prevalence of overweight and obesity and determined its sex and age characteristics.
Analysis of the actual nutrition of the female population of Novosibirsk, depending on the magnitude of the glycemic index of their diet
Authors: Kuntsevich Alexsandr K , Mustafina Svetlana V , Verevkin Evgenii G , Shcherbakova Liliia V , Rymar Oksana D
Published: July 2018

BACKGROUND. When choosing foods rich in carbohydrates, it is important to consider not only their chemical composition, but also the ability to influence the level of postprandial blood glucose (glycemic response). A qualitative indicator of this ability is the glycemic index (GI) of a carbohydrate-containing product. Recently, there have been some evidences that control of GI nutrition can be important for prevention and nutrition therapy of metabolic disorders.
AIM. To determine of the magnitude of the glycemic index (GI) of actual nutrition in women in Novosibirsk, and the study of the connection with metabolism and obesity.
MATERIAL AND METHODS. The study was designed as cross-sectional research and was carried out within the framework of the international HAPIEE project on a random representative sample of the unorganized population of Novosibirsk, 4397 women, the average age was 57.7 ± 7.1, without diabetes. For the calculation of GI nutrition, the International Table of Glycemic Index and Glycemic Load (2008) were used. The frequency method was used to evaluate the actual nutrition. Metabolic Syndrome (MS) criteria were used in accordance with the Russian National Recommendations of the GEF (2009), as well as with the international recommendations of NCEP ATP III (2001) and JIS (2009). Statistical processing of data was carried out using the SPSS 13.0 software package (Bonferroni criterion in the GLM procedure). The odds ratio (OR) was estimated using binary logistic regression in quartiles of the glycemic index. Differences were considered statistically significant at p <0.05.
RESULTS. The GI of women's nutrition was on average low and amounted to 53.1 units. In the quartiles of the GI OR, the MS for all the criteria used was not significantly different. In the quartiles of the body mass index (BMI) in women with GI in the group with normal body weight (BMI = 23.3 kg/m2) was significantly higher by 0.9 units (p <0.001) compared with the obese group (BMI = 37.3 kg/m2). The diet was unbalanced and did not meet the recommendation in all groups of women studied. It was noted a significant reduction in the group with obesity 1.6 times the value of total caloric intake per 1 kg of body weight.
CONCLUSIONS. Nutrition of women in Novosibirsk is unbalanced, with increased consumption of fat and inadequate intake of carbohydrates. The GI value is close to the GI nutrition of the population of European countries. The presence of a connection between the GI nutrition of women with a metabolic disorder in the sample of the population was not established.
Associations of sex hormones with components of insulin-glucose homeostasis
Authors: Tsygankova Oksana V , Badin Artur R , Bondareva Zoya G , Lozhkina Natalya G , Platonov Dmitrii Y
Published: July 2018

In this literature review, an attempt is made to analyze the interrelationships of the main sex hormones with the processes of development and progression of insulin resistance as a fundamental pathogenetic component of insulin-glucose homeostasis. In the evaluation of sex steroids, a complex approach was used - the associations of both androgens and estrogens in males and females are described in detail, a great deal of attention is paid to the violation of the secretion and effectiveness of the main adipocytokines - leptin and adiponectin in the sex hormone-insulin-glucose interaction chain. At the end of the review, new data on the expression of sodium-dependent glucose cotransporter (SGLT) and glucose transporters (GLUT) in animals, depending on sex, are presented.
Federal clinical guidelines on diagnosis and treatment of diabetes insipidus in adults
Authors: Dedov Ivan I , Mel'nichenko Galina A , Pigarova Ekaterina A , Dzeranova Larisa K , Rozhinskaya Liudmila Y , Przhiyalkovskaya Elena G , Belaya Zhanna E , Grigoriev Andrey Y , Vorontsov Alexander V , Lutsenko Alexander S , Astafyeva Ludmila I
Published: July 2018

We do not recommend population screening for diabetes insipidus (DI) (B3). We recommend to perform diagnostic testing for central diabetes insipidus (CDI) in patients who underwent neurosurgery, after skull and brain trauma, subarchnoid hemorrhage (B3). We recommend excluding thirst impairment during all stages of diagnostic assessment (С3).
We recommend excluding DI in cases of persistent hypotonic polyuria: excretion of more than 3 L. or more than 40 mL/kg of urine daily; urine osmolality less than 300 mOsm/kg or urinary specific gravity less than 1004 g/L in all urine samples or during Zimnitsky test (В3). After hypotonic polyuria is confirmed, we recommend excluding of the main causes of nephrogenic diabetes insipidus (NDI) (B3). We recommend simultaneous measurement of urine osmolality and blood osmolality/sodium level in order to confirm DI. Blood hyperosmolality (more than 300 mOsm/kg) and/or hypernatremia with low urine osmolality (less than 300 mOsm/kg) confirms DI (B2). If testing does not reveal these findings, we recommend performing a fluid deprivation test to exclude primary polydipsia (PP) (B2). Desmopressin test is recommended to distinguish CDI and NDI (B2).
In cases of CDI we recommend to perform head MRI with contrast (B3). In cases of NDI we recommend assessing renal structure and function and possible electrolyte disturbances (C3). In cases of PP we recommend to refer a patient to psychiatrist (B3).
We recommend treating CDI with synthetic vasopressin analogue – desmopressin (B1). We recommend an individual approach in choosing desmopressin dosage form (B2). As the initial dose is difficult to predict when starting desmopressin treatment, we recommend titrating the dosage using two approaches: “the average dose” and “as required” (C4). We recommend educating the patients to ensure knowledge of the features of various desmopressin dosage forms (C4). To decrease the risk of water intoxication, we recommend educating the patients to the water intake regimen adherence (С4). When CDI is accompanied by thirst impairment, we recommend titrating the dose in a clinical setting, with assessment of blood sodium, bodyweight and/or urine volume (C4).
La filosofía como rama de la literatura: entre Borges y Deleuze
Authors: Cherniavsky Axel
Published: July 2018

La relación de Borges con la filosofía parece haber sido objeto de tres interrogaciones: ¿Es acaso Borges un filósofo? ¿Cuál es su filosofía? ¿Qué hace con la filosofía? Sin embargo, no es seguro que en las respuestas a estas preguntas se explicite cuál es el valor de Borges para la filosofía. Se trata aquí de una pregunta diferente que, si la condición de filósofo de Borges es precisamente lo que se halla en juego, no podemos esperar contestarla desde su propia obra. Proponemos hacerlo a partir de la historia de la filosofía y la teoría del discurso filosófico de Gilles Deleuze. En efecto, creemos que es posible encontrar allí un modo novedoso de interpretar la famosa sentencia borgeana según la cual la filosofía sería una rama de la literatura.
La dialéctica del deseo en la Fenomenología del espíritu de Hegel
Authors: Rendón Carlos Emel
Published: July 2018

En el presente artículo intentamos una reconstrucción del significado que presenta para Hegel el fenómeno del deseo en el contexto de la exposición de la figura de la “Autoconciencia” en la Fenomenología del Espíritu. Defendemos la tesis de que el deseo representa propiamente la esencia negativa de la autoconciencia, ya que es en tanto deseante como ella pretende alcanzar la afirmación de sí frente a un mundo —natural y humano— que carece de independencia y sentido propios. Con este fin, nos ocupamos de determinar la naturaleza dialéctica que caracteriza al sujeto deseante frente a la otredad y diferenciamos tres momentos fundamentales en la estructura del deseo: desde las experiencias más inmediatas o naturales hasta las más elaboradas o espiritualizadas, las que se resuelven en el deseo de reconocimiento como deseo ya no de un “objeto” sino de otro “yo”.
La huida ante el sí mismo
Authors: Baquedano Jer Sandra
Published: July 2018

En la analítica existencial de Ser y tiempo no aparece la angustia (Angst) como un mero modo de encontrarse en un estado (Befindlichkeit) ni tampoco como un mero fenómeno psicológico, sino mucho más que eso: la angustia es presentada como un existenciario fundamental, es decir, un encontrarse básicamente en un estado (Grundbefindlichkeit). Al sentirla, lo que se le revela al Dasein es su propio ser, mas esta experiencia puede desestabilizarlo. Es entonces cuando el Dasein busca y se afana en hallar una seguridad óntica que lo lleva a una huida de sí. A partir de dicha búsqueda, sondearemos cómo la angustia, si bien tiene por un lado la esencial capacidad de revelar el ser del Dasein, tiene sin embargo, por otro lado, el poder de conducirlo a la más absoluta enajenación de sí mismo, aun cuando se afane en hallar el camino hacia su autenticidad.
Praxis humana y pragmática trascendental del lenguaje
Authors: Paolicchi Leandro
Published: July 2018

La pragmática trascendental del lenguaje de Karl-Otto Apel ha sido principalmente una reconstrucción (y fundamentación) de los presupuestos irrebasables del discurso argumentativo. Ella no se ha extendido sobre las acciones en principio no discursivas de los hombres. En el presente trabajo se expone cómo debería entenderse a este tipo de acciones en el marco de dicha pragmática. Así, se presentan aquí las implicancias que tiene para la constitución y explicación de las acciones el ser comprendidas bajo un aspecto central de la pragmática de Apel como es la crítica trascendental del sentido. Con este objetivo, se desarrollan (I) las características generales y esquemáticas que presenta el lenguaje en su rol de “dador” de sentido en la obra de Apel. Luego (II), el artículo se extiende sobre este rol aplicado ahora a las acciones en general de los individuos. Finalmente, y mediante una reflexión sobre la validez implicada en toda articulación lingüística (III), se extraen algunas conclusiones sobre cómo debería entenderse a las acciones en el marco de la pragmática trascendental del lenguaje (IV).
Anticipación y diálogo en Mijail Bajtín y Hans Gadamer
Authors: Rufinetti Edgar
Published: July 2018

En el contexto de la problemática sobre las condiciones que garantizan la validez intersubjetiva de nuestro pensamiento, resulta de central importancia aclarar el papel que desempeña y el alcance que posee la ‘anticipación’ hipotética o abstracta de las pretensiones del otro. Esta cuestión es la que está en juego en el debate sobre los criterios en los que se apoya una racionalidad práctica que parte de la interacción en el lenguaje cotidiano. Con el fin de echar luz sobre esta cuestión, partiremos de la idea de M. Bajtín de que nuestras enunciaciones poseen un insoslayable carácter dialógico, esto es, que guardan una inevitable relación con los enunciados ajenos, existentes o presupuestos. El presente escrito pretende realizar una primera aproximación entre la posición de Bajtín y la hermenéutica gadameriana. Escrutando la relación entre la dialéctica autor-destinatario y la abstracta anticipación del otro, creemos poder aclarar el modo de relación con el enunciado ajeno que conviene a la validez intersubjetiva.
Para la reconstrucción del sentido de lo político
Authors: De Zan Julio
Published: July 2018

El artículo parte de la crítica de H. Arendt a la posición de la filosofía frente a la política desde Platón hasta Marx y Heidegger. Esta fuerte crítica de la tradición filosófica, especialmente de su relación con la política, no es simplemente una crítica de la filosofía política, sino de la filosofía sin más, pero centrada en esta relación, o falta de relación con la política, y en la contribución de la filosofía al oscurecimiento y el olvido del sentido de lo político en la historia moderna y contemporánea. Se trata de un ejercicio de crítica interna de la filosofía y de la política como paso para el redescubrimiento del sentido originario de la polis en la Grecia antigua, y para la reconstrucción actual del sentido de lo político.
The Research of Mortar Components Mixing Process
Authors: Popov Stanislav , Shpylka Andrii , Gnitko Sergiy
Published: July 2018

During the theoretical calculations of the power level consumed by the mortar mixer drive when mixing constructional mortar components, it is proposed to use the movement resistance specific coefficient. The developed method and a series of researches on an experimental test bench allowed to determine its numerical values when mixing cement-sand, lime-sand and complex mortars of various composition and lowability. The interpolated diagram of the consumed power of the band-screw operating device drive has been obtained, which has allowed to understand more deeply the technological process, as well as its characteristic stages and modes.