bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
A round Earth for climate models
Authors: Prather Michael J. , Hsu Juno C.
Published: September 2019

Significance

Early climate and weather models, constrained by computing resources, made numerical approximations on modeling the real world. One process, the radiative transfer of sunlight through the atmosphere, has always been a costly component. As computational ability expanded, these models added resolution, processes, and numerical methods to reduce errors and become the Earth system models that we use today. While many of the original approximations have since been improved, one—that the Earth’s surface and atmosphere are locally flat—remains in current models. Correcting from flat to spherical atmospheres leads to regionally differential solar heating at rates comparable to the climate forcing by greenhouse gases and aerosols. In addition, spherical atmospheres change how we evaluate the aerosol direct radiative forcing.
Relief food subsistence revealed by microparticle and proteomic analyses of dental calculus from victims of the Great Irish Famine
Authors: Geber Jonny , Tromp Monica , Scott Ashley , Bouwman Abigail , Nanni Paolo , Grossmann Jonas , Hendy Jessica , Warinner Christina
Published: September 2019

Food and diet were class markers in 19th-century Ireland, which became evident as nearly 1 million people, primarily the poor and destitute, died as a consequence of the notorious Great Famine of 1845 to 1852. Famine took hold after a blight
(Phytophthora infestans)
destroyed virtually the only means of subsistence—the potato crop—for a significant proportion of the population. This study seeks to elucidate the variability of diet in mid–19th-century Ireland through microparticle and proteomic analysis of human dental calculus samples (
n
= 42) from victims of the famine. The samples derive from remains of people who died between August 1847 and March 1851 while receiving poor relief as inmates in the union workhouse in the city of Kilkenny (52°39′ N, −7°15′ W). The results corroborate the historical accounts of food provisions before and during the famine, with evidence of corn (maize), potato, and cereal starch granules from the microparticle analysis and milk protein from the proteomic analysis. Unexpectedly, there is also evidence of egg protein—a food source generally reserved only for export and the better-off social classes—which highlights the variability of the prefamine experience for those who died. Through historical contextualization, this study shows how the notoriously monotonous potato diet of the poor was opportunistically supplemented by other foodstuffs. While the Great Irish Famine was one of the worst subsistence crises in history, it was foremost a social disaster induced by the lack of access to food and not the lack of food availability.
The role of a multi-jurisdictional organization in developing ecosystem-based management for fisheries in the Great Lakes basin
Authors: Guthrie Amanda G. , Taylor William W. , Muir Andrew M. , Frank Kenneth A. , Regier Henry A.
Published: September 2019

One of the mandated charges to the Great Lakes Fishery Commission is to facilitate the coordination of Great Lakes fishery management across jurisdictions. To do this, the Great Lakes Fishery Commission organized annual lake committee meetings among Great Lake fishery professionals since 1964. Our objective was to describe the role of the Great Lakes Fishery Commission in facilitating communication among fishery jurisdictions that fueled the development of ecosystem-based management principles in the basin. Meeting minutes from lake committee meetings and publications from the Great Lakes Fishery Commission-facilitated Salmonid Community of Oligotrophic Lakes workshop were coded based on 12 a priori ecosystem-based management principles. Meeting and workshop attendance data were analyzed through a bipartite network analysis (organizations connected to meetings) to determine if attendance at meetings were grouped, or clustered, within the fishery governance network. No significant clusters were detected, demonstrating that during 1970-75 fishery professionals in Great Lakes were cooperative in nature – in contrast to the prior half century where little cross-jurisdictional management was reported. Our analyses based on meeting attendance and coded discussions at the meetings demonstrated that three ecosystem-based management perspectives were discussed prior to 1972 (ecological integrity, hierarchical context, and humans embedded in nature) whereas discussions at lake committee meetings from 1972-74 and the Salmonid Community of Oligotrophic Lakes workshop influenced discussions about data collection, ecosystem boundaries, and hierarchical context at lake committee meetings in 1975. The Great Lakes Fishery Commission played a bridging role in facilitating communication among Great Lakes jurisdictions. These annual meetings were becoming a forum for professionals to collaboratively discuss fishery management issues, thereby advancing ecosystem-based management principles throughout the basin. Ultimately discussions at lake committee meetings helped contribute to the Great Lakes Fishery Commission and allied fishery management organizations agreeing to manage Great Lakes fisheries under ecosystem-based management through the ratification of A Joint Strategic Plan for Management of Great Lakes Fisheries in 1981.
Tumors with TSC mutations are sensitive to CDK7 inhibition through NRF2 and glutathione depletion
Authors: Zarei Mahsa , Du Heng , Nassar Amin H. , Yan Rachel E. , Giannikou Krinio , Johnson Sneha H. , Lam Hilaire C. , Henske Elizabeth P. , Wang Yubao , Zhang Tinghu , Asara John , Kwiatkowski David J.
Published: September 2019

Tuberous sclerosis complex (TSC) is characterized by tumor development in the brain, heart, kidney, and lungs. In TSC tumors, loss of the TSC1/TSC2 protein complex leads to activation of mTORC1 with downstream effects on anabolism and cell growth. Because mTORC1 activation enhances mRNA transcription, we hypothesized that aberrant mTORC1 activation might confer TSC-null cell dependence on transcriptional regulation. We demonstrate that TSC1- or TSC2-null cells, in contrast to their wild-type counterparts, are sensitive to pharmacological inhibition of CDK7. Mechanistic studies revealed that CDK7 inhibition markedly reduces glutathione levels and increases reactive oxygen species due to reduced expression of NRF2 and glutathione biosynthesis genes. Treatment of both Tsc2+/− mice and a TSC1-null bladder cancer xenograft model with a CDK7 inhibitor showed marked reduction in tumor volume and absence of regrowth in the xenograft model. These results suggest that CDK7 inhibition is a promising therapeutic approach for treatment of TSC-associated tumors and cancers with mutations in either TSC1 or TSC2.
Many-body quantum dynamics of an asymmetric bosonic Josephson junction
Authors: Haldar Sudip Kumar , Alon Ofir E
Published: September 2019

The out-of-equilibrium quantum dynamics of an interacting Bose gas trapped in a one-dimensional asymmetric double-well potential is studied by solving the many-body Schrödinger equation numerically accurately. We examine how the gradual loss of symmetry of the confining trap affects the macroscopic quantum tunneling dynamics of the system between the two wells. In an asymmetric double well, the two wells are not equivalent anymore, say, the left well is deeper than the right one. Accordingly, we analyze the dynamics by initially preparing the condensate in both the left and the right wells. The dynamics of the system is characterized by the time evolution of a few physical quantities of increasing many-body complexity, namely, the survival probability, depletion and fragmentation, and the many-particle position and momentum variances. In particular, we have examined the frequencies and amplitudes of the oscillations of the survival probabilities, the time scale for the development of fragmentation and its degree, and the growth and oscillatory behavior of the many-particle position and momentum variances. There is an overall suppression of the oscillations of the survival probabilities in an asymmetric double well, except for resonant values of asymmetry for which the one-body ground state energy in the right well matches with one of the one-body excited states in the left well, thereby resulting in resonantly enhanced tunneling from the right well ground state. Overall, depending on whether the condensate is initially prepared in the left or right well, the repulsive inter-atomic interactions affect the survival probabilities differently. For a sufficiently strong repulsive interaction, the system is found to become fragmented. The degree of fragmentation depends both on the asymmetry of the trap and the initial well in which the condensate is prepared in a non-trivial manner. Furthermore, we show that the phenomenon of resonantly enhanced tunneling can be accompanied by a large degree of fragmentation (depletion) for the strong (weak) interaction. The many-particle position and momentum variances follow the density oscillations of the system in the asymmetric double well and bears prominent signatures of the degree of depletion or fragmentation, depending on the strength of the interactions. These quantities further exhibit a fine structure signifying a breathing-mode oscillation. Finally, a universality of fragmentation for systems made of different numbers of particles but the same interaction parameter is also found and its dependence on the asymmetry is investigated. The phenomenon is robust despite the asymmetry of the junction and admits a macroscopically-large fragmented condensate characterized by a diverging many-particle position variance. This is as far as one can get from the dynamics of the density in the junction.
Stellar population analysis on the stacked spectra of double-peaked emission-line galaxies
Authors: Wang Meng-Xin , Luo A-Li
Published: September 2019

Double-peaked emission-line galaxies have long been perceived as objects related to merging galaxies or other phenomenawith disturbed dynamical activities, such as outflows and disk rotation. In order to find the connection between the unique activities happening in these objects and their stellar population physics, we study the stellar populations of the stacked spectra drawn from double-peaked emission-line galaxies in the Large Sky Area Multi-Object Fiber Spectroscopic Telescope (LAMOST) Data Release 4 (DR4) and the Sloan Digital Sky Survey (SDSS) Data Release 7 (DR7) databases. We group the selected double-peaked emission-line objects into 10 different types of pairs based on the Baldwin-Phillips-Terlevich (BPT) diagnosis for each pair of blueshifted and redshifted components, and then stack the spectra of each group for analysis. The software STARLIGHT is employed to fit each stacked spectrum, and the contributions of stars at different ages and metallicities are quantified for subsequent comparative study and analysis. To highlight the commonality and uniqueness in these double-peaked emitting objects, we compare the population synthesis results of the stacked spectra of double-peaked emission-line galaxies with those of their counterpart reference samples displaying single-peaked emission features. The reference samples are also selected from the LAMOST DR4 and SDSS DR7 databases. From the comparison results, we confirm the strong correlations between stellar populations and their spectral classes, and find that the double-peaked emitting phenomenon is more likely to occur in an ‘older’ stellar environment and the subgroups hosting different BPT components will show an obvious heterogeneous star formation history.
Orbital evolution of a planet with tidal dissipation in a restricted three-body system
Authors: Wang Wen-Lei , Xu Xue-Qing , Liao Xin-Hao
Published: September 2019

The angle between planetary spin and the normal direction of an orbital plane is supposed to reveal a range of information about the associated planetary formation and evolution. Since the orbit’s eccentricity and inclination oscillate periodically in a hierarchical triple body and tidal friction makes the spin parallel to the normal orientation of the orbital plane with a short timescale in an isolated binary system, we focus on the comprehensive effect of third body perturbation and tidal mechanism on the angle. Firstly, we extend the Hut tidal model (1981) to the general spatial case, adopting the equilibrium tide and weak friction hypothesis with constant delay time, which is suitable for arbitrary eccentricity and any angle ϑ between the planetary spin and normal orientation of the orbital plane. Furthermore, under the constraint of angular momentumconservation, the equations of orbital and ratational motion are given. Secondly, considering the coupled effects of tidal dissipation and third body perturbation, and adopting the quadrupole approximation as the third body perturbation effect, a comprehensivemodel is established by this work. Finally, we find that the ultimate evolution depends on the timescales of the third body and tidal friction. When the timescale of the third body is much shorter than that of tidal friction, the angle ϑ will oscillate for a long time, even over the whole evolution; when the timescale of the third body is observably larger than that of the tidal friction, the system may enter stable states, with the angle ϑ decaying to zero ultimately, and some cases may have a stable inclination beyond the critical value of Lidov-Kozai resonance. In addition, these dynamical evolutions depend on the initial values of the orbital elements and may aid in understanding the characteristics of the orbits of exoplanets.
DmpIRFs and DmpST: DAMPE instrument response functions and science tools for gamma-ray data analysis
Authors: Duan Kai-Kai , Jiang Wei , Liang Yun-Feng , Shen Zhao-Qiang , Xu Zun-Lei , Fan Yi-Zhong , Gargano Fabio , Garrappa Simone , Guo Dong-Ya , Lei Shi-Jun , Li Xiang , Mazziotta Mario Nicola , Salinas Maria Fernanda Munoz , Su Meng , Vagelli Valerio , Yuan Qiang , Yue Chuan , Zimmer Stephan
Published: September 2019

Observing GeV gamma-rays is an important goal of the DArkMatter Particle Explorer (DAMPE) for indirect dark matter searching and high energy astrophysics. In this work, we present a set of accurate instrument response functions for DAMPE (DmpIRFs) including the effective area, point-spread function and energy dispersion, which are crucial for gamma-ray data analysis based on statistics from simulation data. A dedicated software named DmpST is developed to facilitate the scientific analyses of DAMPE gamma-ray data. Considering the limited number of photons and angular resolution of DAMPE, the maximum likelihood method is adopted in DmpST to better disentangle different source components. The basic mathematics and framework regarding this software are also introduced in this paper.
Pulsar candidate classification with deep convolutional neural networks
Authors: Wang Yuan-Chao , Li Ming-Tao , Pan Zhi-Chen , Zheng Jian-Hua
Published: September 2019

As the performance of dedicated facilities has continually improved, large numbers of pulsar candidates are being received, which makes selecting valuable pulsar signals from the candidates challenging. In this paper, we describe the design for a deep convolutional neural network (CNN) with 11 layers for classifying pulsar candidates. Compared to artificially designed features, the CNN chooses the subintegrations plot and sub-bands plot for each candidate as inputs without carrying biases. To address the imbalance problem, a data augmentation method based on synthetic minority samples is proposed according to the characteristics of pulsars. The maximum pulses of pulsar candidates were first translated to the same position, and then new samples were generated by adding up multiple subplots of pulsars. The data augmentation method is simple and effective for obtaining varied and representative samples which keep pulsar characteristics. In experiments on the HTRU 1 dataset, it is shown that this model can achieve recall of 0.962 and precision of 0.963.
A close-in substellar object orbiting the sdOB-type eclipsing-binary system NSVS 14256825
Authors: Zhu Li-Ying , Qian Sheng-Bang , Lajús Eduardo Fernández , Wang Zhi-Hua , Li Lin-Jia
Published: September 2019

NSVS 14256825 is the second discovered sdOB+dMeclipsing-binary system with an orbital period of 2.65 h. This special binary was reported to contain circumbinary planets or brown dwarfs by using the timing method. However, different results were derived by different authors because of the insufficient coverage of eclipse timings. Since 2008, we have monitored this binary for about 10 yr using several telescopes and 84 new times of light minimum were obtained with high precision. It is found that the O − C curve has been increasing recently and it shows a cyclic variation with a period of 8.83 yr and an amplitude of 46.31 seconds. The cyclic change cannot be explained by magnetic activity cycles of the red dwarf component because the required energy is much larger than that radiated by this component in one whole period. This cyclic change detected in NSVS 14256825 could be explained by the light-travel time effect via the presence of a third body. The lowest mass of the third body is determined to be 14.15Mjup which is in the transition range between planets and brown dwarfs. The substellar object is orbiting around this evolved binary at an orbital separation of around 3AU with an eccentricity of 0.12. These results indicate that NSVS 14256825 is the first sdOB-type eclipsing binary consisting of a hierarchical substellar object. The detection of a close-in substellar companion to NSVS 14256825 will provide some insights on the formation and evolution of sdOB-type binaries and their companions.
LSTM neural network for solar radio spectrum classification
Authors: Xu Long , Yan Yi-Hua , Yu Xue-Xin , Zhang Wei-Qiang , Chen Jie , Duan Ling-Yu
Published: September 2019

A solar radio spectrometer records solar radio radiation in the radio waveband. Such solar radio radiation spanning multiple frequency channels and over a short time period could provide a solar radio spectrum which is a two dimensional image. The vertical axis of a spectrum represents frequency channel and the horizontal axis signifies time. Intrinsically, time dependence exists between neighboring columns of a spectrum since solar radio radiation varies continuously over time. Thus, a spectrum can be treated as a time series consisting of all columns of a spectrum, while treating it as a general image would lose its time series property. A recurrent neural network (RNN) is designed for time series analysis. It can explore the correlation and interaction between neighboring inputs of a time series by augmenting a loop in a network. This papermakes the first attempt to utilize an RNN, specifically long short-termmemory (LSTM), for solar radio spectrum classification. LSTM can mine well the context of a time series to acquire more information beyond a non-time series model. As such, as demonstrated by our experimental results, LSTM can learn a better representation of a spectrum, and thus contribute better classification.
Model comparison of dark energy models using deep network
Authors: Li Shi-Yu , Li Yun-Long , Zhang Tong-Jie
Published: September 2019

This work uses a combination of a variational auto-encoder and generative adversarial network to compare different dark energy models in light of observations, e.g., the distance modulus from type Ia supernovae. The network finds an analytical variational approximation to the true posterior of the latent parameters in the models, yielding consistent model comparison results with those derived by the standard Bayesian method, which suffers from a computationally expensive integral over the parameters in the product of the likelihood and the prior. The parallel computational nature of the network together with the stochastic gradient descent optimization technique leads to an efficient way to compare the physical models given a set of observations. The converged network also provides interpolation for a dataset, which is useful for data reconstruction.
Direct measurements of counter-streaming flows in a low-shear stellarator magnetic island topology
Authors: Perseo V. , Effenberg F. , Gradic D. , König R. , Ford O.P. , Reimold F. , Ennis D.A. , Schmitz O. , Sunn Pedersen T.
Published: September 2019

We report on the first experimental verification of theoretically predicted multiple bundles of counter-streaming plasma flows in the island-divertor scrape-off layer (SOL) of the stellarator Wendelstein 7-X. In the standard toroidal field direction (counter-clockwise when looking from the top) experiments, the overall structure of the SOL flows, such as flow directions, the number of flow bundles and the magnitude of the flow velocities, are consistent with numerical predictions obtained with EMC3-EIRENE. However, the modelling does not predict changes of the flow patterns with reversal of the magnetic field direction, which are experimentally observed. This indicates that additional relevant physics, such as particle drifts, will need to be incorporated into the numerical model to better describe the whole stellarator scrape-off layer behaviour.
Assessment of the Heath-Carter somatotype in adults using bioelectrical impedance analysis
Authors: Rudnev S G , Negasheva M A , Godina E Z
Published: September 2019

Using cross-sectional anthropometric data of 897 ethnically Russian individuals aged 16-61 years from the European part of Russia (Arkhangelsk, Moscow, and Samara), we checked the accuracy of our previously proposed bioimpedance-based formulae for the assessment of the endomorphy and mesomorphy ratings of the Heath-Carter somatotype, and suggested the revised formulae: ENDOBIA= -3,399/R + 0.992×BMI - 0.0102×BMI
2 -0.85×Sex - 5.93 (r
2=0.80; SEE=0.91); MESOBIA
= 1,578/R + 0479×BMI - 0.077×BM - 0.015×Age + 0.81×Sex - 4.14 (r
2=0.87; SEE=0.54), where R is the whole-body resistance at 50 kHz (Ohm), BMI- body mass index (kg/m2), Sex= 1 (male), 0 (female), BM- body mass (kg), Age (years). These and previously proposed formulae for adults provided close and unbiased estimates of the endomorphy and mesomorphy ratings and can be used for the assessment of the somatotype in ethnically Russian adults.
Prevalence of sarcopenia among community- dwelling, young elderly people living in Manizales, Colombia
Authors: Gonzalez-Gonzalez D R , Lopez-Salazar A M , Gonzalez-Correa C H , Curcio-Borrero C L
Published: September 2019

The role of sarcopenia in the elderly has received increased attention across a number of disciplines in recent years. In 2010 the European Working Group on Sarcopenia in Older People (EWGSOP) defined the condition as the loss of muscle mass plus low muscle strength or low physical performance, associated with age. There is little published research on this issue in Colombia and South America. The purpose of this study was to determine the prevalence of sarcopenia according to the criteria of the EWGSOP in the elderly population of Colombia who live in the community. Two hundred and ten subjects were studied. Muscle mass (The main component of sarcopenia as it is defined) was estimated by bioelectrical impedance analysis from which the skeletal muscle mass index was calculated. Muscle strength was measured through hand dynamometry and physical performance using the Short Physical Performance Battery (SPPB). Based on the reference values which are themselves based on U.S. or Asian population reference cut off points, an overall prevalence of sarcopenia of 52.8% or 15.7% respectively was found. The prevalence of sarcopenia in the studied population is within the ranges reported worldwide in different populations. However, there are variations depending on the cut off points and diagnostic tools used for its definition and to estimate muscle mass.
Body composition and functional capacity in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease
Authors: Pineda-Zuluaga M C , González-Correa C H
Published: September 2019

The systemic effects associated with Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD), are related to alterations in body composition in these patients. The phase angle (PA) is the most extensively used parameter of electrical bioimpedance for the diagnosis of malnutrition since it is an indicator of water distribution, body cell mass (BCM) and cellular integrity. Therefore, the aim of this study is to compare the PA values of patients with COPD and healthy individuals and to study their relationship with parameters of lung function and functional capacity. Bioelectrical impedance analysis (BIA) was carried out in order to determine PA in 35 patients with COPD and 36 controls. In the group of women, the PA value was significantly lower in those who had COPD with respect to their controls. For both sexes, in patients with COPD the relationship with PA was inversely proportional to age and gait speed and directly proportional to weight, height, hand dynamometry and fat-free mass. We conclude that, in patients with COPD, the decrease in PA is related to impaired body composition and functional capacity. In particular, the PA could be a useful parameter for evaluating not only the body composition but also the functional capacity of these patients.
Electrical impedance tomography for neonatal ventilation assessment: a narrative review
Authors: Masner A , Blasina F , Simini F
Published: September 2019

Neonatal care has improved dramatically over the last decades thanks to a better understanding of the transition to extrauterine life, especially due to the new respiration condition. A privileged technique to assess the filling of the lungs with air in a non-invasive way is Electrical Impedance Tomography (EIT), which is, therefore, also a tool to monitor ventilation. Out of 2427 papers on EIT from 1985 to 2018, 116 deal with EIT in neonatal care, with both the set and subset increasing at similar rates of 5 and 0.4 additional papers per year (0.03 and 0.05 papers per year) respectively. EIT can be used to determine Body position and Pneumothorax, to guide Endotracheal Tube Positioning and to monitor Ventilation Homogeneity. Moreover, real time EIT gives abundant evidence to develop new techniques such as Sustained Inflation, Protective Intended Ventilation, Minimal Invasive Surfactant Therapy, Less Invasive Surfactant Administration, Intubation-Surfactant-Extubation and Oro Pharyngeal Surfactant during their application to both animal models and patients. The low cost, non-invasive and easy graphic interpretation of EIT leads to the belief that it will have widespread use in Neonatal Medicine.
Electric impedance and the healing of diabetic foot ulcers
Authors: Gonzalez-Correa C A , Rivera-Garzón R A , Martínez-Táutiva S
Published: September 2019

Diabetic foot (DF) is a complication of people suffering from diabetes mellitus (DM) with an overall prevalence estimated as 6.3%. Healing of diabetic ulcers takes several weeks, and follow up is needed both to assess the improvement of the wound and to detect possible complications. Ulcer diameter, pH and temperature have been used for such purpose and some authors have also proposed the use of Electric Bioimpedance (EBI). The results presented in this paper are taken from a small pilot study carried out to evaluate the healing effect of high quality, unrefined, whole cane sugar (“panela”) in people with unilateral diabetic foot ulcers in one of the legs. 6 volunteers (3 male and 3 female, aged between 51 and 85 mean age 71) were treated either with Triticum vulgare or with “panela” and EBI measurements (resistance or R, reactance or Xc, and phase angle or θ at 50 kHz) on both legs were taken during a follow up period of 5 weeks. Although the healing process ran well with no complications, EBI parameters did not rise during the treatment, as expected. Differences between the ulcerated and the not-ulcerated legs seem to be present (higher values for R in the affected side and lower for Xc and θ), but it does not seem to be a trend of the former towards the values of the latter. EBI values of the sample with DM are much lower than those of a sample of the 8 healthy volunteers measured for this study.
Bioimpedance and bone fracture detection: A state of the art
Authors: Dell’Osa A H , Felice C J , Simini F
Published: September 2019

Bioimpedance measurements are used increasingly in health applications because bioelectric parameters have been associated with anatomical and physiological properties, thus enabling to distinguish medical conditions. For bone fracture diagnostics, nevertheless, there is no established non-invasive method. Ex vivo studies and In vivo bioimpedance procedures, both invasive and non-invasive, on mammalians long bones are associated with promising results. In this work, out of a total of 568 papers, we reviewd 59 articles that mention long bone integrity by electric properties, be it Bioimpedance Analysis, Electrical Impedance Spectroscopy or Electrical Impedance Tomography. The papers are described in three sections, “Ex vivo measurements”, “In vivo invasive measurements” and “In vivo non-invasive measurements”. This review allows to establish the basics to planning the development of new technology to detect bone fracture via bioimpedance measurements.
Rectal electrical bio-impedance spectroscopy in the detection of colorectal anomalies associated with cancer
Authors: González-Correa C A , Mulett-Vásquez E , Osorio-Chica M , Dussán-Lubert C , Miranda D
Published: September 2019

Colorectal cancer is the third most common cancer worldwide. Tests available for screening this cancer have low sensitivity or are challenging and costly to implement. Based on the concept of field cancerization, or carcinogenic field effect, the possibility of early detection of cancer by electrical bioimpedance spectroscopy measurements on the rectum was studied. For this research, seventy-seven subjects who attended the clinic for total colonoscopy were examined, and readings were taken at eight frequencies with an electrical bioimpedance spectroscopy probe. Four measurements were taken from the rectum of each subject, with the electrical probe being introduced into the rectum through an anoscope, before a total colonoscopy. An inverse model was used to obtain Cole-Cole parameters for each electrical bioimpedance spectra. Two results were the more prominent in this research; firstly, the field cancerization effect was observed and secondly, a significative correlation between rectal electrical bioimpedance and abnormalities associated with cancer was found (p-value = 0.002).
Evaluation of Pseudomonas sp. growth in culture medium using electrical impedance spectroscopy with two bipolar geometries
Authors: Aranzazu-Osorio J E , Alzate L H
Published: September 2019

The electrical properties of microbial culture have been studied by electrical impedance spectroscopy. Electrochemical changes in microbial systems are facilitated by the metabolic and proteolytic action of microorganisms. In this study, the growth of isolated bacteria compatible with genus Pseudomonas was evaluated by direct technique using electrical impedance spectroscopy with two electrode geometries. In these experiments a minimal salts medium with glucose as the energy source was used. The data of electrical parameters were correlated by counting viable cells using cetrimide agar. Cell growth in the culture medium was increased in capacitance, clearly describing the exponential phase of bacterial growth. The correlation of the viable cell count compared with the capacitance showed a high Pearson coefficient (>0.9). The bacterial growth can be estimated in culture medium using electrical parameters, such as capacitance using parallel plates electrode and parallel circuit equations.
Effect of the electrode surface on the tetrapolar impedance measurements of Hela Cells in suspension
Authors: Pinto S M , Pinzon E F , Corzo S P , Miranda D A
Published: September 2019

Electrical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) measurements with four electrodes is widely used in the study of electrical properties of cells in suspension. Under less than ideal conditions, this set up enables the removal the surface polarization effects. However, in the case of HeLa cells in suspension, we noted that the electrical impedance spectra reproducibility is affected by the impurities and ionic species adsorbed on the electrode surface. We studied the influence of the electrode’s surface conditions on the EIS measurements of HeLa cells in suspension. EIS spectra were obtained before and after submitting the electrodes to a cleaning process. Chronopotentiometry and open circuit potential (OCP) measurements were carried out to verify the electrode’s surface conditions. The main effect of cleaning the electrodes was to decrease the standard deviation of the EIS data (On average, 3.42? to 0.70? for PBS and 17.22? to 0.31? for PBS with HeLa cells). OCP measurements evidenced surface differences between the cleaned and uncleaned electrodes. In addition, the chronopotentiometric curve obtained for the gold electrode/PBS system showed the adsorption of chloride and phosphate ions and other species existing in PBS on the electrode surface at 0.28 V and 0.53 V. Results suggest that the adsorbed species on the electrode surface led to an electrostatic build-up, which has a non-passive behavior.
Gene-sensor on the basis of bioimpedance measurements assisted with nanotechnology: an instrumentation proposal
Authors: Ames G , Laguna D U , Sánchez V , Sacristán E , González C A
Published: September 2019

In this study, we propose basic instrumentation for a new gene-sensor based on Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR) product and its multifrequency bioimpedance relative measurements assisted with nanotechnology. The instrumentation proposal is split into four basic blocks: A) Control. - The fundament is a microcontroller (µC) for wide bandwidth current excitation, as well as data acquisition and registration. B) Digital Synthesizer. - A wide bandwidth digital synthesizer will provide a sinusoidal excitation current. C) Bioimpedance measurement.- this section will detect relative multifrequency bioimpedance by comparison of a reference signal with the signal of the Analyte Under Test (AUT). Comparison is on the basis of magnitude ratio and phase shift. D) Electrical-Ionic Interphase. – This is based on gold electrodes in contact with the AUT for current injection and relative bioimpedance measurements. Deoxyribonucleic Acid (DNA) fragments as PCR products will be functionalized by magnetic nanoparticles-DNA biding and its magnetic DNA insulation. The specific electronic components for every section are out of the range of this study, and the general instrumentation structure proposed is intended to show tentative low cost technology for gene detection and obtain academic discussion and feedback.
A Class of Weighted Point Schemes for the Grünwald Implicit Finite Difference Solution of Time-Fractional Parabolic Equations Using KSOR method
Authors: Muhiddin F A , Sulaiman J , Sunarto A
Published: September 2019

In this study, system of Grünwald implicit approximation equations has been developed through the discretization of one-dimensional linear time-fractional parabolic equations using the Grünwald fractional derivative operator and second-order implicit finite difference scheme. The aim of this paper is to examine the effectiveness of Kaudd Successive Over-Relaxation (KSOR) iterative method, which is one of the weighted point iterative schemes for solving the proposed time-fractional parabolic equations by considering the Grünwald implicit approximation equation. To investigate the effectiveness of the proposed iterative method, numerical experiments and comparison are made in terms of number of iterations, execution time, and maximum absolute error. Based on numerical results, the accuracy of Grünwald implicit solution obtained by proposed iterative method is in excellent agreement, and it can be concluded that the proposed KSOR iterative method requires less number of iterations and execution time as compared to the existing point iterative method.
Newton Method with AOR Iteration for Finding Large Scale Unconstrained Minimizer with Tridiagonal Hessian Matrices
Authors: Ghazali K , Sulaiman J , Dasril Y , Gabda D
Published: September 2019

Finding the large scale unconstrained minimizer using Newton method has required the calculation of large and complicated linear systems results from solving the Newton direction. Therefore, in this paper, we propose a method for solving large scale unconstrained optimization problems with tridiagonal Hessian matrices to reduce the complexity of calculating Newton direction. Our proposed method was a combination of Newton method and Accelerated Over Relaxation (AOR) iterative method. To evaluate the performance of the proposed method, combination of Newton method with Gauss-Seidel iteration and Newton method with Successive Over Relaxation (SOR) iteration were used as reference method. Finally, the numerical experiment illustrated that the proposed method produce results that are more efficient compared to the reference methods with less execution time and minimum number of iterations.
Delay-induced stability switches in an SIRS epidemic model with saturated incidence rate and temporary immunity
Authors: Pasion A M , Collera J A
Published: September 2019

This work considers a time-delayed SIRS epidemic model with temporary immunity and nonlinear incidence rate, where the susceptible host population satisfies the logistic equation and the incidence rate is of saturated form with the susceptible. The time delay represents a period of temporary immunity where disease-recovered individuals return to the susceptible class after a fixed period of time. By analyzing the associated characteristic equation with delay-dependent coefficients and regarding the time lag as the bifurcation parameter, the local stability of the endemic equilibrium is investigated and sufficient conditions for the occurrence of stability switches via Hopf bifurcations are obtained. It is shown that the delay parameter can induce a finite number of stability switches before completely destabilizing the system. Numerical simulations are carried out to illustrate theoretical results.
Differences between English and Chinese in the Implementation of the RSA algorithm
Authors: Jiang Duoji , Yankson Kwame
Published: September 2019

In this paper, we explore the implementation of RSA Public Key Cryptography in both English and Chinese. We begin by examining the history of ancient and modern cryptography, public key cryptography, the key distribution problem and how the RSA algorithm solves the key distribution problem. We then show how the RSA algorithm works in practice, on both English and Chinese characters, words and sentences. We end with a comparison of differences in implementation between the two languages.
An Analysis on the Formation of Solar Radio Burst Type II, III and IV by Using e-CALLISTO, IUGONET and Space Weather Data
Authors: Norsham N A M , Hamidi Z S
Published: September 2019

The study of the radio solar burst data on 30th March 2018 and 31st March 2018 are essential for the understanding of type II, type III and type IV nature. Through this paper, the relationship of these three types of solar radio burst can be studied. The necessary data were collected from the free online websites which includes the Space Weather Website, e-CALLISTO and IUGONET metadata database. From this study, the occurrence of solar radio burst type II, III, and IV showed that there was the production of solar flares and Coronal Mass Ejections (CMEs) where it contributed to the geomagnetic disturbances to the Earth. On 30th March 2018, the Sun produced C-class flares with C4 value while the next day, the sun had B1 solar flares’ event. The planetary K-index for both days were 2 (30th March 2018) and 3 (31st March 2018) respectively.
Design of the control law of longitudinal attitude for Tail-sitter UAV
Authors: Ge Zhilei , Hou Jiabao
Published: September 2019

The longitudinal attitude control of a type of Tail-sitter UAV is studied in this paper. In order to solve the singular problem of pitch angle during the tilting process of fuselage, the double Euler angle algorithm is used for modeling. Fuzzy self-tuning PID control method and L1 adaptive control method are used to design the longitudinal attitude controller respectively to counteract the susceptibility to disturbance during the flight, especially in tilting process. The numerical simulation is carried out through MATLAB, and the simulation results show that: This controller can overcome the model parameter changes and other uncertain disturbances to the Tail-sitter UAV during the flight
Simulation of fire development in a large-area shopping hall
Authors: Maslak M , Pazdanowski M , Wozniczka P
Published: September 2019

The results obtained after numerical simulation of fire development in a large area shopping hall are presented and widely discussed. The analysis has been conducted for two types of halls differing in size and efficient ventilation capabilities. A fire development scenario has been forecast under the assumption that a sufficient number of smoke vents had been installed as required by the provisions of law. The obtained results have been related to the hypothetical case where there were no smoke vents whatsoever. The stacking height of the merchandise gathered in the hall has been differentiated during the analysis as well. The numerical simulations have been performed with application of the FDS computer program. It has been assumed, that the fire had been initiated by a single source uniquely defined and initially limited in spatial area of influence. The results obtained indicate that the spatial and temporal fire development is different for each of the considered scenarios. The key role of the possible limitations in the exchange of gases between the area affected by fire and the environment, influencing the way and speed with which the fire propagates, has been confirmed during analysis.
Thermal performance of insulated glazing units established by infrared thermography
Authors: Moga L
Published: September 2019

The targets for the building sector have been clearly defined starting with the Directive 2010/31/UE and ending with the long term strategy that implies the decarbonisation of the entire building sector. The aim consists in designing nearly Zero Energy Buildings (nZEB) starting from 2019 for public buildings and 2021 for all new buildings. For the energy retrofit of existing buildings, the last Directive 2018/844/UE on the energy performance of buildings sets a clear target for reaching nZEB also in the retrofit activity. Although that clear targets exists on a European level, some buildings are still poorly designed from the thermal point of view and are not able to meet these criteria. Thus, in many cases the thermal performance obtained in the design activity is not the one obtain in the operation phase of a building. That is why, not even buildings built after 2010, do not comply with the minimum recommended national thermal design criteria, and therefore need to be thermally retrofitted. Thus, the paper presents a thermography study done at a residential buildings, respectively the examination of the thermal performance of part of a façade. The focus is placed on a window-wall area that is examined by Infrared Thermography. The resulted thermograms are reconstructed by means of artificial intelligence in order to establish the thermal performance of the examined façade and building envelope components.
Comparison of current stiffness modulus values in national and international literature
Authors: Iftode V-I , Olteanu-Dontov I , Mihai P , Budescu M , Sococol I , Dinu I-D
Published: September 2019

The paper objective is to realize a comparative synthesis of the current coefficients used to reduce the stiffness modulus. For this, national and international codes were considered as well as reference papers on the subject. In the end, the paper presents a case study in which behaviour differences were observed for a reinforced concrete frame structure between national and international codes.
Comparative Analysis of Hygrothermal Behaviour of the Exterior Walls in Transient Regime
Authors: Pescaru R A , Dumitrescu L , Baran I , Grădinaru C M
Published: September 2019

Energy conservation and an intelligent use of resources are among primary objectives in the contemporary society. The decrease of energy consumption in buildings has many benefits both on operating costs and environment preservation too. During the buildings life-cycle, the energy consumption for operation, in winter through heating and in summer through ventilation, is more important than the energy used in the construction phase, requiring passive measures from the design stage. The paper presents the results of a study of the behaviour, in a variable regime, of the external wall with different structures, to the mass transfer and temperature variations. The influence of the placement of interior or exterior thermal insulation layers on the hygrothermal behaviour of the envelope element was determined by means of WUFI® Pro software, which takes into account the built-in moisture, driving rain, solar radiation, long-wave radiation, capillary transport, and summer condensation.
Parametric study in composite joints configuration
Authors: Pop M , Campian C , Chira N
Published: September 2019

Composite structures showed higher stiffness than steel structures with similar ductility and also better performance to fire action. The global behaviour of the composite steel-concrete structure depends mostly on the behaviour of the joints. Many studies have demonstrated that composite joints exhibit adequate mechanical properties, such as strength, ductility and energy dissipation. The present paper is based on the study of the behaviour of the joints and their influence on the structure. The study involves a sensitivity analysis in the finite element program Abaqus 6.13. The analysis focuses on determining the parameters that significantly contributed both on the strength and stiffness of the joints and quantifying their weight in the final results. The analyses also provide information on the ductility of the connections under monotonic loads.
Simulation on implementing noise mitigation measures in a typical urban area
Authors: Oancea I , Covatariu G
Published: September 2019

Starting from the analysis of a real situation in which the equivalent noise level was measured in a residential area, an urban area with the same characteristics was simulated. The purpose of these tests was not to determine exactly the noise level in the area, but to simulate the introduction of noise mitigation measures, and to highlight the difference between the noise level at the edge of the sidewalk and the level next to the building, at the pedestrian height. Four series of simulations were made. The first series starts from the simple situation (street with 4 traffic bands and tram line), without measures of noise reduction, for which a green area with a height of 1.50 m was implemented, a noise barrier and then both measures. The second series of simulations tests the impact that the reduced capacity of the traffic in the area may have, transforming the street into one with only two traffic bands, the remaining space being given to the sidewalk. To optimize noise mitigation, the same situations were simulated, but with the implementation of a green area of 3.00m height. Thus, it is found that the noise level decreases from 74-76 dB (A) to 58-60 dB (A), meaning a decrease of 16 dB (A). From these simulations it can be concluded that in order to reach a comfortable noise level that respects the maximum admitted level, it is recommended to decrease traffic intensity (through different interventions on road surface capacity, promoting of public transport, etc.), to implement anti-noise barriers of materials with a high sound absorption capacity and a green space with a height that exceeds the height of the anti-noise barrier and has a high density of leaves.