bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Planktic foraminifera and structure of surface water masses at the SW Svalbard
margin in relation to climate changes during the last 2000 years
Authors: Zamelczyk Katarzyna , Rasmussen Tine Lander , Raitzsch Markus , Chierici Melissa
Published: July 2018

Abstract. We present a high-resolution record of properties in the subsurface (250–100 m), near surface (100–30 m) and surface (30–0 m) water masses at the SW Svalbard margin in relation to climate changes during the last 2000 years. The study is based on planktic foraminiferal proxies including the distribution patterns of planktic foraminiferal faunas, δ18O and δ13C values measured on Neogloboquadrina pachyderma, Turborotalita quinqueloba, and Globigerinita uvula, Mg / Ca-, δ18O- and transfer function-based sea surface temperatures, mean shell weights and other geochemical and sedimentological data. We compared paleo-data with modern planktic foraminiferal fauna distributions and the carbonate chemistry of the surface ocean. The results showed that cold sea surface conditions prevailed at ~ 400–800 AD and ~ 1400–1950 AD are associated with the local expression of the Dark Ages Cold Period and Little Ice Age, respectively. Warm sea surface conditions occurred at ~ 21–400 AD, ~ 800–1400 AD and from ~ 1950 AD until present and are linked to the second half of the Roman Warm Period, Medieval Warm Period and recent warming, respectively. On the centennial to multi-centennial time scale, sea surface conditions seem to be governed by the inflow of Atlantic water masses (subsurface and surface) and the presence of sea-ice and the variability of sea-ice margin (near surface water masses). However, the close correlation of sea surface temperature recorded by planktic foraminifera with total solar irradiance implies that solar activity could have exerted a dominant influence on the sea surface conditions on the decadal to multidecadal time scale.
Tracking the Choco jet since the 19th Century by using historical wind direction measurements
Authors: Gallego David , García-Herrera Ricardo , Gómez-Delgado Francisco de Paula , Ordoñez-Perez Paulina , Ribera Pedro
Published: July 2018

Abstract. In this paper, we demonstrate that the methodology recently developed to quantify the strength of monsoonal circulations by using historical wind direction observations can be applied to compute a new index for the intensity of the Choco jet. This is a low-level westerly jet observed from May to November whose core is located at 5º N and 80º W that modulates the moisture transport from the Pacific into Central America and northern South America. The Choco jet is profoundly related to the dynamics of the Intertropical Convergence Zone in the eastern equatorial Pacific and it is responsible of up to 30 % of the total precipitation in these areas. We have been able to produce an index for this jet starting in the 19th century, adding almost a century of data to previous comparable indices. Our results indicate that the seasonal distribution of the precipitation in Central America has changed along the 20th century as a response to the changes in the Choco jet, with has diminished (increased) its strength in July (September). Additionally, we have found that the relation between the Choco jet and the El Niño/Southern Oscillation has been remarkably stable along the entire 20th century, a finding particularly significant because the stability of this relation is usually the basis of the hydrologic reconstructions in northern South America.
The nodal dependence of long-period ocean tides in the Drake Passage
Authors: Woodworth Philip L. , Hibbert Angela
Published: July 2018

Abstract. Almost three decades of bottom pressure recorder (BPR) measurements at the
Drake Passage, and 31 years of hourly tide gauge data from the Vernadsky
Research Base on the Antarctic Peninsula, have been used to investigate the temporal and
spatial variations in this region of the three main long-period tides Mf, Mm
and Mt (in order of decreasing amplitude, with periods of a fortnight, a
month and one-third of a month, respectively). The amplitudes of Mf and Mt, and
the phase lags for all three constituents, vary over the nodal cycle (18.61 years)
in essentially the same way as in the equilibrium tide, so confirming
the validity of Doodson's “nodal factors” for these constituents. The
amplitude of Mm is found to be essentially constant, and so inconsistent at
the 3σ level from the ±13 % (or ∼±0.15 mbar)
anticipated variation over the nodal cycle, which can probably be
explained by energetic non-tidal variability in the records at monthly
timescales and longer. The north–south differences in amplitude for all three
constituents are consistent with those in a modern ocean tide model (FES2014),
as are those in phase lag for Mf and Mt, while the phase
difference for Mm is smaller than in the model. BPR measurements are shown to
be considerably superior to coastal tide gauge data in such studies, due to
the larger proportion of non-tidal variability in the latter. However,
correction of the tide gauge records for non-tidal variability results in the
uncertainties in nodal parameters being reduced by a factor of 2 (for Mf at
least) to a magnitude comparable (approximately twice) to those obtained from
the BPR data.
Locality, control, and non-adjoined islands
Authors: Fischer Silke
Published: July 2018

The goal of this paper is twofold: empirically, it is shown that obligatory control (OC) into islands is not restricted to control into certain adjuncts, but can also involve non-adjoined islands. This poses a serious problem for the movement theory of control (MTC), whose analysis of OC into adjuncts crucially relies on the fact that adjunction is involved.Second, the paper seeks to explore to what extent control theory is compatible with phase theory based on a strict version of the Phase Impenetrability Condition (PIC). In order to reconcile these locality considerations with the observed control patterns in the context of islands, the paper assumes a moderately local relationship between controller and controllee. The basic idea of the proposed theory is that the controllee starts out as an empty argument which needs to be referentially identified under Agree. To this end, it moves from phase edge to phase edge (in accordance with the PIC) until it can be licensed by the controller.In contrast to the MTC, the target position of controllee movement is not the controller position itself; thus, control into islands (including non-adjoined islands) can be derived more easily, since the control relation can already be established when the controller is at the edge of the highest phase inside the island and the controller is merged in the next higher phase. Hence, the theory is compatible with phase theory and can in particular account for the observed control patterns involving adjoined and non-adjoined islands.
Factores de diversidad y fluctuación poblacional de insectos asociados al cultivo de piña (Ananas comosus L. Merril) en Ticuantepe, Nicaragua
Authors: Mairena Vásquez Carlos , Jiménez-Martínez Edgardo
Published: July 2018

La piña (Ananas comosus L. Merril) está entre los cultivos de mayor aceptación y de mayor demanda en Nicaragua y nivel regional e internacional, siendo a nivel nacional una de las frutas de mayor producción. Este estudio se hizo con el objetivo de identifi car los principales insectos asociados a la piña, su diversidad, riqueza y abundancia, además de describir su fluctuación poblacional y el hábito alimenticio. La investigación se realizó en el período de marzo a septiembre del 2014, en la zona piñera del Municipio de Ticuantepe. El estudio se desarrolló en seis fincas piñeras donde se ubicaron trampas de caída libre (Pitfall traps) para la captura de insectos rastreros, trampas de galones de plástico con melaza para la captura de insectos voladores y en cada sitio se colectó manualmente insectos del follaje frutos y suelo. En el estudio se encontró que las principales familias de insectos asociados al cultivo fueron Formicidae, Scarabaeidae, Pseudococcidae, Elateridae, Noctuidae, Nymphalidae Cerambicidae y Lycaenidae. La diversidad insectil se estimó utilizando el índice de diversidad Shannon-Weaver, la familia con mayor índice de diversidad fue Formicidae, En cuanto a la riqueza de insectos se encontraron cincuenta y un familias y ochenta y cuatro géneros, siendo los más numerosos pertenecientes a las familias; Formicidae, Scarabaidae, Tenebrionidae y Pentatomidae. En lo que respecta a la fl uctuación poblacional, las familias de insectos que presentaron mayor incidencia fueron: Formicidae, Scarabaidae y Pseudococcidae, las fl uctuaciones más altas de insectos ocurrieron en los meses de abril, mayo y julio, entre los principales hábitos alimenticios de las especies insectiles asociados al cultivo de la piña se encontraron, defoliadores, plagas del suelo, succionadores de fl oemas, barrenadores de corteza vegetal, polinizadoras, depredadores, parasitoides y degradadores de materia orgánica.
De la modernidad a la postmodernidad: una reflexión sobre la transición epistemológica en las ciencias y sus rastros en las ciencias sociales
Authors: Velásquez Adriana
Published: July 2018

Hoy en día, los principios epistemológicos de la ciencia enfrentan un momento de transición, en donde se identifican rasgos de un paradigma dominante cristalizado en la concepción de la ciencia moderna y otro emergente influenciado por las ideas postmodernas (De Sousa, 2009). En ese sentido, la ciencia actual se construye en medio de cuestionamientos que ambas visiones se realizan entre sí. En este breve ensayo se caracterizan ambos paradigmas y luego se ejemplifica la manera en cómo estos se presentan en las ciencias sociales, a partir de la identificación de determinados rasgos epistemológicos en el estudio de problemas de las ciencias sociales como el de la pobreza. De esta forma, se espera aportar a los debates sobre la epistemología en estos campos del conocimiento científico en estos tiempos de transición.
huracán que pasó por la ciudad de Veracruz y el puerto de San Juan de Ulúa, Nueva España 1552. La construcción de un “desastre” en la época virreinal
Authors: López Romero Paul César
Published: July 2018

Partiendo del análisis de las consecuencias del huracán que en 1552 azotó la ciudad de Veracruz y la isla de San Juan de Ulúa, el autor estudia las condiciones de vulnerabilidad de las ciudades de las colonias españolas, preguntándose cómo evaluar los daños y cuantificar sus efectos, y en general, cómo estudiar los desastres naturales desde las Ciencias Sociales. De este modo, se refiere a otros fenómenos naturales, como los ciclones y tormentas tropicales, de los cuales hay registros en las ciudades españolas. El estudio de las explicaciones a partir de la religiosidad de los pobladores de esos tiempos y su insistencia en dejar registro de todos los sucesos se analizan con detenimiento en este trabajo.
Sucesos del primer semestre de 2016
Authors: Gutiérrez Julio
Published: July 2018

No hay resúmenes disponiblesTEORÍA Y PRAXIS año 14, No.29, Junio-Diciembre de 2016, pp.129-133
Del “animal político” a la “amistad política”. Una perspectiva aristotélica
Authors: Barrera Gómez Carlos Enrique
Published: July 2018

Este artículo examina desde el punto de vista de la ética y de la filosofía política, el concepto aristotélico de «animal político». Además, estudia la razón por la cual la dimensión comunitaria del ser humano necesita de la amistad política, tanto para lograr su perfeccionamiento como para el bien común de la comunidad política.
Readiness to Educate Patient: Indonesian Health Professionals’ Perspective
Authors: Kristina Susi Ari , Sayekti Dian Anggraeni , Yulianto Yulianto
Published: July 2018

The aim of this study was to investigate Indonesian health professionals’ practice in educating patients and explore the perceived barriers. A self-administered questionnaire was given to the health professionals attending the Agent of Change (AoC) meeting in Yogyakarta Province, Indonesia. Data were explained by descriptive analysis. One hundred and twenty health professionals participated in this study. Majority participants were female (75.8%), the mean of age were 46.74 (SD 5.32), pharmacists (63.3%), work in primary health care (62.5%), working experience <5 years (54.2%), and had counseling experience (66.7%). Name of medicine and its active ingredients was the most medication information which counselled by participants (3.67±1.22). Limited time to communicate to the patients was the most barrier that perceived by health professionals (70.8%). Improve the work efficiency is the key strategies. Health professionals can be effectively trained in counseling skills and be encouraged by constant monitoring of the obtained skills.
Navier-Stokes Three Dimensional Equations Solutions Volume Three
Authors: Petros Biruk
Published: July 2018

Solution of Navier-Stokes equation is found by introducing new method for solving differential equations. This new method is writing periodic scalar function in any dimensions and any dimensional vector fields as the sum of sine and cosine series with proper coefficients. The method is extension of Fourier series representation for one variable function to multi-variable functions and vector fields.Before solving Navier-Stokes equations we introduce a new technique for writing periodic scalar functions or vector fields as the sum of cosine and sine series with proper coefficients. Fourier series representation is background for our new technique.Periodic nature of initial velocity for Navier-Stokes problem helps us write the vector field in the form of cosine and sine series sum which simplify the problem.
Abstract Contraflow Models and Solution Procedures for Evacuation Planning
Authors: Chandra Dhungana Ram , Pyakurel Urmila , Nath Dhamala Tanka
Published: July 2018

The abstract flow model deals with the flow  paths (routes) that satisfy the switching property. Contraflow is a widely accepted solution approach that increases the flow and decreases the evacuation time making the traffic smooth during evacuation by reversing the required road directions from the risk areas to the safe places. In this paper, we integrate the concepts of abstract flow and contraflow, give mathematical formulations of these models and present efficient algorithms for solving the abstract contraflow problems. The efficient solution procedures are presented for  maximum dynamic, lexicographically maximum and earliest arrival abstract contraflow  problems. This approach maximizes the flow value in given time and seeks to eliminate the crossing conflicts.
Relation between Sub-grain Size and Dislocation Density During Steady-State Dislocation Creep of Polycrystalline Cubic Metals
Authors: Tamura Manabu
Published: July 2018

The sub-grain size, d, during steady-state dislocation creep of polycrystalline metals is theoretically formulated to be inversely proportional to the dislocation density, ρ, which is defined as the number of dislocations swept out of a sub-grain divided by the cross-sectional area of the sub-grain. This dislocation density differs from the typically observed dislocation density inside a sub-grain after unloading, ρ_ob. In the current work, the ρ_ob values inside sub-grains in steadily crept specimens of Al, Cu, Fe, Fe–Mo alloy, austenitic stainless steel, and high-Cr martensitic steel reported in the literature were used to evaluate the relation ρ_ob=ηρ. It was confirmed that η≈1 for pure metals (regardless of the type of metal) crept at high temperatures and low stresses or for long durations and η>1 for Mo-containing alloys and martensitic steel crept at low temperatures and/or high stresses. Moreover, it is suggested that the condition η>1 corresponds to a state of excess immobile dislocations inside the sub-grain. The theoretical relation d_ob (≈d)∝η∙〖ρ_ob〗^(-1), where d_ob is the observed sub-grain size, essentially differs from the well-known empirical relation d_ob∝〖ρ_ob〗^(-0.5).
Application Degree of High School Principals in Aqaba/Jordan to the Japanese KAIZEN Model to Reduce the Waste of School Time as Perceived by Teachers
Authors: Al-Saud Rateb S. , Abu Hamde Elham N.
Published: July 2018

The study aimed at identifying the application degree of high school principals in Aqaba/Jordan to the Japanese KAIZEN Model to reduce the waste of School time as perceived by teachers. The sample of the study consisted of (372) teachers, who were chosen using the stratified random technique, during the second semester of the academic year 2017/2018. A 36-item questionnaire; divided into three domains, was developed for data gathering. The findings of the study indicated that the degree of principals' use of the Kaizen model from the teachers' point of view was medium. The ranking of the three questionnaire domains was as follows: cooperation, continuous improvement of work, and decision-making. Furthermore, the results indicated that there are no statistically significant differences at the level (&=0.05) attributed to the study's three variables: gender, scientific qualification or years of experience.
The Application of European Constitutional Values in EU Member States
Authors: Halmai Gábor
Published: July 2018

The Application of European Constitutional Values in EU Member States: The Case of the Fundamental Law of Hungary

This article deals with the backsliding of liberal democracy in Hungary, after 2010, and also with the ways in which the European Union (EU) has coped with the deviations from the shared values of rule of law and democracy in one of its Member States. The article argues that during the fight over the compliance with the core values of the EU pronounced in Article 2 TEU with the Hungarian government, the EU institutions so far have proven incapable of enforcing compliance, which has considerably undermined not only the legitimacy of the Commission but also that of the entire rule-of-law oversight.
Federalization through Rights in the EU
Authors: Granger Marie-Pierre
Published: July 2018

Federalization through Rights in the EU: A Legal Opportunities Approach

While academic contributions abound on the reach and impact of the European Union (EU) system of fundamental rights protection, and notably on the desirability of a more or less extensive control of Member States’ actions in light of the rights protected by the EU Charter of Fundamental Rights, there have been few attempts to explain the dynamics of integration-through-rights in the EU. This article proposes an explanatory framework inspired by a legal opportunities approach, which emphasizes the relevance of national and EU legal opportunities, and interactions between them, in determining the actual scope and pace of federalization through rights in the EU. It suggests that the weaker the legal opportunities for fundamental rights protection are at the domestic level, the greater the federalizing pressure is, and call for more empirical comparative studies to test this framework out.
The Architecture of American Rights Protections
Authors: Schweber Howard
Published: July 2018

The Architecture of American Rights Protections: Texts, Concepts and Institutions

This article examines the architecture of American rights protections. The term ‘architecture’ is used to convey the sense of a structure system with points of entry, channels of proceeding, and different end points. This structural understanding is applied to the historical development of national rights protections in the United States in three senses: textual, conceptual and institutional. The development of these three structured systems – architectures – of rights reveals dimensions of the strengths, limitations and distinctive character of the American rights protections in theory and in practice.
Three Tiers, Exceedingly Persuasive Justifications and Undue Burdens
Authors: Sullivan Barry
Published: July 2018

Three Tiers, Exceedingly Persuasive Justifications and Undue Burdens: Searching for the Golden Mean in US Constitutional Law

When government action is challenged on equal protection grounds in the US, conventional wisdom holds that the courts will analyse constitutionality under one of three standards of review: rational basis, intermediate scrutiny and strict scrutiny. In substantive due process cases, two standards are applied: rational basis and strict scrutiny. In fact, careful study shows that the levels of scrutiny are actually more plastic than conventional wisdom would suggest and have shifted over time. In addition, courts sometimes confuse matters by appearing to introduce new tests, as when Justice Ginsburg characterized the government’s burden in Virginia v. United States, 518 U.S. 515 (1996) in terms of “an exceedingly persuasive justification”. Finally, while the Court originally applied strict scrutiny review to reproductive rights in Roe v. Wade, 410 U.S. 113 (1973), the Court has subsequently applied an ‘undue burden’ test in that area. A similar trend can be seen in voting rights cases. While the Court long ago characterized the right to vote as “fundamental … because preservative of all rights”, Yick Wo v. Hopkins, 118 U.S. 356, 370 (1886), and the modern Court initially applied strict scrutiny to voting rights, the Court has now moved away from strict scrutiny, just as it has in the reproductive rights area. This erosion of constitutional protection for voting rights is the central concern of this article. The focus here is on the way these tests have evolved with respect to limitations on the right to vote. The article begins with a description of the three-tiered paradigm and then considers the US Supreme Court’s development of the ‘undue burden’ test as a substitute for the strict scrutiny standard in the reproductive rights jurisprudence. The article then considers the Court’s analogous move away from strict scrutiny in voting rights cases. That move is particularly troubling because overly deferential review may subvert democratic government by giving elected officials enormous power to frame electoral rules in a way that potentially games the system for their own benefit. Building on existing scholarship with respect to reproductive rights, this article suggests a possible way forward, one that may satisfy the Court’s concerns with the need for regulation of the electoral process while also providing the more robust protection needed to protect the right to participate meaningfully in the electoral process.
Trinity Lutheran and Its Implications for Federalism in the United States
Authors: Scharffs Brett G.
Published: July 2018

Trinity Lutheran and Its Implications for Federalism in the United States

This article considers the ‘tire scrap’ playground case, Trinity Lutheran Church of Columbia, Inc. v. Comer, decided by the U.S. Supreme Court in the summer of 2017, and its implications for federalism in the United States. In Trinity Lutheran the U.S. Supreme Court held that the state of Missouri violated the Free Exercise Clause of the First Amendment by disqualifying a church-owned school from participating in a programme that provided state funding for updating playgrounds. The case has interesting Free Exercise Clause implications, because the Court emphasized the non-discrimination component of Free Exercise. It also has interesting implications for federalism, because Missouri’s State constitutional provision prohibiting state funding of religion was rooted in an era of anti-Catholic bias. These so-called State constitutional ‘Blaine Amendments’ exist in some form in as many as forty states. Although the Court did not explicitly address whether state Blaine Amendments violate the U.S. Constitution per se due to their history of religious animus, the Court held that this Blaine Amendment as applied here violated the Federal Constitution. This could have significant effects for the wall of separation between religion and the state, and might have especially significant implications for state funding of religion, including the ‘elephant in the room’ in this case, state educational ‘voucher’ programmes that provide state funding to parents who send their children to religiously affiliated schools.
Rights in the Australian Federation
Authors: Aroney Nicholas , Stellios James
Published: July 2018

Rights in the Australian Federation

The Australian Constitution is unique among constitutional instruments. It was primarily designed to federate self-governing British colonies within the British constitutional tradition and to establish institutions of federal government. As such, the constitutional instrument does not contain an entrenched bill of rights. Yet Australia has been a stable federal democracy since its establishment in 1901 and, by international standards, it is consistently assessed as maintaining high levels of personal freedom, political rights, civil liberties and the rule of law. This article considers the place of rights in the Australian federation against Australian constitutional history and its constitutional context.
Acerca de las dificultades para aceptar que los niños piensan sobre lo escrito
Authors: Ferreiro Emilia
Published: July 2018

Los días 17, 18 y 19 de noviembre del 2016, se realizaron las Jornadas Internacionales de Escritura y Alfabetización, en el marco del décimo aniversario de la Maestría en Escritura y Alfabetización de la Universidad Nacional de La Plata, Argentina. El presente artículo deriva de la conferencia con la que la Dra. Emilia Ferreiro diera cierra a dichas Jornadas. En una exposición amena y rigurosa, la autora analiza dificultades teóricas y metodológicas, de docentes e investigadores, para aceptar que los niños construyen conocimientos sobre lo escrito.
Lithuanian Folk Textile Heritage: Expressive Possibilities of Designs
Authors: Petrulyte Salvinija , Petrulis Donatas
Published: July 2018

Lithuanian folk textile heritage is an important part of world culture heritage, on which various ideas and traditions are imprinted with the emphasis on the education of selfconsciousness of society and preservation of national identity. This paper deals with a complex analysis of Lithuanian national fabrics, the data of which have been collected by the authors’ abundant expeditions into Lithuanian rural territories. The current research presents the peculiarities of designs, colours and ornamentation of authentic woven textile manufactured since the middle of the 19th century up to now. The significance of this study is that it investigates only authentic textiles obtained from weavers or their relatives in Lithuanian villages, and the presence of these articles has been undisclosed up to now. This research presents collected, registered and investigated data concerning colours, ornamentation and patterns as expressive possibilities of designs of Lithuanian folk textile: dimai and pick-up fabrics. The current analysis discovers new features of originality of the national fabrics.
The protection of rights of young unaccompanied children in Europe - Policies and practices
Authors: Moschos George
Published: July 2018

In recent years, in particular after 2015, tenths of thousands of unaccompanied children have arrived in Europe, mostly in Greece and Italy, escaping from war, conflicts and other hardships they were faced with in their countries of origin. A considerable number of them are very young (under 14 years) and extremely vulnerable. The challenge for Europe, in line with the obligations deriving from UNCRC, is to offer them a safe, appropriate environment to live and to carefully examine and protect all their rights, including their protection from violence and exploitation and access to education, health and social participation. In this direction and following EU action plans and decisions, European states are expected to further share responsibilities, collaborate and take all appropriate measures to fully protect the rights of these children.
General trends of the development of professional and labour training and education of students with mental deficiency in the second half of the 20th century
Authors: Konstantyniv Oksana
Published: July 2018

The article is devoted to the complex analysis of the preconditions, causes, course and consequences of reforming the content, forms and methods of vocational training of mentally retarded students in Ukraine (second half of the 20th century). The interrelations are substantiated between state strategies of socio-economic development of Ukraine and social demands for the training of mentally retarded students for work, the influence of educational paradigms on the functioning of the system of labor training of students.
We developed the periodization of reforming the content, forms and methods of vocational and labour training of mentally retarded students in Ukraine in the second half of the 20th century and described the main tendencies, features and contradictions of development of each of the stages. In particular, it has been proved that the content, forms and methods of vocational training of mentally retarded students formed a specially selected and pedagogically perfected system of knowledge, skills and practice reflected in regulations, curriculum, syllabi and textbooks. The educational and methodological support of vocational training is developed taking into account the peculiarities of mental development and potential cognitive abilities of students.
We evaluated the contribution of Ukrainian scholars in oligophrenopedagogics to the development and implementation of content, methods, forms of labour training and didactic functions of labour (educational, developmental, informative, remedial), which are interconnected and carried out in dialectical unity
The new school of Ukraine and the problems of provision of the qualitative education of the special children
Authors: Syniov Victor , Havrylov Oleksiy
Published: July 2018

The article talks about the problems and the prospects of the development of school education of children with psychophysical violations placing the emphasis on the professed inclusive orientation of the new Ukrainian school. We analyze theoretical conditions and their practical implementation in the Ukrainian special education’s history. It enables the author to conclude on the main condition for providing the education quality for children with abnormalities of different nosology. Here, we speak about the special medical, psychological, and pedagogical provision, staff assistance and methodological support of their social and biological needs in rehabilitation and personal fulfillment, the necessity of compensatory and correctional work where there is a violation of the development and socialization of children
Liberdade relativa e ascese: a função da razão na ética de Schopenhauer
Authors: Salviano Jarlee Oliveira Silva
Published: July 2018

Na sua metafísica do belo do terceiro livro de O mundo como vontade e representação, Schopenhauer defende a inutilidade do conceito para a arte, com a exceção da poesia, para a qual a palavra é a matéria-prima. No quarto livro, no entanto, assim como em seu ensaio premiado Sobre a liberdade da vontade, a razão desempenha um papel importante na constituição da moralidade. Por um lado, afirma ele (em meio à descrição mítica do redentor fenômeno da graça, que “vem de fora”, através de uma “mudança no modo de conhecimento”) que a redenção não nos vem através de um pretenso livre-arbítrio, não se dá por um “arbítrio ponderado (obras), mas no conhecimento (fé)”. O filósofo procura manter assim sua vigorosa oposição ao racionalismo ético da deontologia kantiana. Por outro lado, a razão (por sua capacidade de reflexão e recordação), é tomada em certos momentos como um instrumento auxiliar no processo de afirmação consciente da vontade (o caráter adquirido), bem como no próprio fenômeno da negação da vontade. Cabe verificar como se sustentam, nesta ambiguidade do estatuto da racionalidade, importantes conceitos éticos como a liberdade, a imputabilidade moral, a má consciência (remorso) etc.
O paradoxo da dupla nulidade do mundo
Authors: Ciracì Fabio
Published: July 2018

Tentarei demonstrar que Schopenhauer sustenta, por um lado, a ideia de que o mundo dos fenômenos é pura aparência (nada fenomênico), e, por outro lado, que a sua essência deve ser aniquilada (nada numênico). A consequência que se segue é a de que no caso do santo existe uma oposição relativa (nihil privativum) à vontade através da noluntas, enquanto que no caso do gênio existe uma oposição absoluta entre fenômeno e númeno. Disso se segue um paradoxo incontornável que discutirei durante a minha investigação.
Schopenhauer e suoi discepoli attraverso il carteggio: Alcune considerazioni sulla recente pubblicazione di SCHOPENHAUER, A. "Carteggio con i discepoli". A cura di Domenico M. Fazio. 2 voll. Lecce: Pensa MultiMedia, 2018 (Schopenhaueriana, 12), 960 p.
Authors: Ciracì Fabio , Debona Vilmar
Published: July 2018

Resenha de A. Schopenhauer, Carteggio con i discepoli (Lecce: Pensa MultiMedia, 2018, 960 p.), obra organizada e traduzida do alemão para o italiano pelo Prof. Domenico M. Fazio, que consiste na edição de todas as cartas entre Schopenhauer e seus discípulos, organizada em 2 volumes. Trata-se de um epistolário com um total de 319 cartas. As novidades contidas na publicação dessas correspondências são numerosas, de suma importância e terão de ser levadas em conta pelas pesquisas futuras.
Primary Squamous Cell Carcinoma of the Breast is a Rare and Special Entity
Authors: Mervat Mahrous  , Tasabeeh Mohamed  , Ghassan Al SISI  , Ahmed Al-Hujaily  , Samira AlSumani
Published: July 2018

Background: Primary squamous cell carcinoma of the breast (PSCCB) is a very rare malignancy of the breast. Pure squamous cell carcinoma of the breast can originate from skin adnexa, the nipple or the epithelium of deep-seated epidermoid cyst or squamous metaplasia on chronic inflammation background.
Case Report: Our case is a 49-year-old female patient who presented with a highly suspicious lump in her left breast. Bilateral mammography and core biopsy were carried out. The core biopsy was revealed atypical cells and review inconclusive. Incisional biopsy was done and revealed squamous cell carcinoma of the breast (SCCB). Her metastatic work up at presentation was unremarkable. Left-side modified radical mastectomy was carried out. TNM staging was Stage IIa pT2N0M0 GIII, Estrogen receptors (ER) and Progesterone receptors were negative and HER2/Neu was negative as well (Triple negative). Pt had adjuvant chemotherapy and radiotherapy. Eight months later, she developed multiple brain metastasis as solitary site of metastasis, then after four months she developed hepatic and pulmonary deposits. Pt survived only 25 months since disease diagnosis.
We report this case with relatively younger age to confirm that primary squamous cell carcinoma of the breast has special aggressive entity and this conjugant with few series. The treatment of primary SqCC of the breast does not differ from other common histological types of breast cancer so far.
Conclusions: The prognosis of this disease is highly uncertain and the treatment options are unclear and controversial. There is inadequate literature and treatment guidelines. To our knowledge it is the first case to be reported from arab region with aggressive behavior and short survival period.
The relationships among longitude, latitude and elevation of occurrence of Parocneria orienta (Lepidoptera: Lymantriidae) in China
Authors: Yang Hua , Zhang Jin , Yang Wei , Yang Chun-Ping , Zhou Wei , Li Tao , Wang Jia-Wen , Wang Ru-Lin
Published: July 2018

Background Parocneria orienta is the primary defoliator of Cupressaceae plants in China, and its geographic range is expanding. Research is needed to identify the geographic distribution of P. orienta and its major areas of occurrence and to formulate measures for early warning, monitoring and control of this pest. Methods Data on the occurrence P. orienta were collected from 4,688 monitoring sites in Sichuan Province from 2012 to 2016. Analyses of the spatial distribution and model fit were carried out using ArcGIS and Matlab software. Results We found that the occurrence of P. orienta complied with a normal distribution law (α=1% confidence level) in terms of longitude and latitude and belonging to generalized extreme-value distribution (α=1% confidence level) in terms of elevation. According to the double factor variance analysis taking year-month as the time variance and longitude, latitude and elevation as the space variance, the hazard centroid shifted significantly by 6 minutes of longitude in March (105°46′37″E) and July (105°40′30″E) of the same year. The hazard centroid has not changed much over time in terms of latitude and elevation. Discussion The regions of greatest damage by P. orienta were in eastern and southeastern parts of Sichuan Province (105.7°E–31.1°N, elevation 400 m), an area that features plains and low mountains with lush vegetation and abundant Cupressus funebris. In March, there is little rainfall, which is beneficial for growth and breeding of larvae, and causes a rapid increase of population that then results in widespread damage to Cupressaceae plants.
What should a bare earth digital terrain model (DTM) portray?
Authors: Guth Peter L
Published: July 2018

National mapping agencies in North American and western Europe have released free lidar point clouds with densities of 2-23 points/m², and derived terrain grids. Geomorphometric processing uses a bare earth digital terrain model (DTM), which can be acquired from mapping agencies or created from the point cloud to better control its characteristics. Free software provides tools for noise removal, ground classification, surface generation, void filling, surface smoothing, and hydraulic conditioning. Tests with three ground classification algorithms, and four surface generation algorithms show that they produced very similar results. The main issues for geomorphometric operations on DTMs involve whether the highest and lowest ground points should be in the DTM if they are not on a grid node, how water, buildings, and roads should be treated, if using a DTM of lower resolution will effectively filter out noise and allow much faster processing, and if lower resolution DTMs should be created directly from the point cloud or by processing a higher resolution DTM.
Predicting gene expression using DNA methylation in two human populations
Authors: Zhong Huan , Kim Soyeon , Zhi Degui , Cui Xiangqin
Published: July 2018

Background. DNA methylation, an important epigenetic mark, is well known for its regulatory role in gene expression, especially the negative regulation in the promoter region. However, its correlation with gene expression at population level has not been well studied. In particular, it is unclear if genome-wide DNA methylation profile of an individual can predict her/his gene expression profile. Previous studies were mostly limited to association analyses between single CpG site methylation and gene expression. It is not known whether DNA methylation of a gene has enough prediction power to serve as a surrogate for gene expression in existing human study cohorts with DNA samples but not RNA samples.

Results. We studied two human population datasets, Multiple Tissue Human Expression Resource Projects (MuTHER)’s Adipose tissue as well as asthma and normal peoples’ peripheral blood mononuclear cell (PBMC), for predicting gene expression using methylation of all CpG sites from the gene region. Three prediction models were investigated; single linear regression, multiple linear regression, and least absolute shrinkage and selection operator (LASSO) penalized regression. Our results showed that LASSO regression has superior performance among these methods. However, even with LASSO regression, very small prediction R2 was obtained for the majority of genes and only about one thousand genes had prediction R2 greater than 0.1. GO term and pathway analyses of these more predictable genes showed that they are enriched for immune and defense genes.

Conclusion. In human populations, DNA methylation of CpG sites at gene region have weak prediction power for gene expression. The relatively more predictable genes tend to be defense and immune genes.
Microbiome differences between river-dwelling and cave-adapted populations of the fish Astyanax mexicanus (De Filippi, 1853)
Authors: Ornelas-García Patricia , Pajares Silvia , Sosa-Jiménez Víctor M. , Rétaux Sylvie , Miranda-Gamboa Ramsés A.
Published: July 2018

Symbiotic relationships between host and microbiome can play a major role in local adaptation. Previous studies with freshwater organisms have shown that microbiome performs numerous important biochemical functions for the host, playing a key role in metabolism, physiology or health. Experimental studies in fish groups have found an effect of enzymatic activity of gut microbiota on a variety of metabolic processes. The goal of this study was to compare stomach microbiome from cave and surface Astyanax mexicanus, in order to evaluate the potential response of microbiota to locally contrasting environmental conditions and physiological adaptations of the host. Stomach biopsies were obtained from three different populations: Pachón cave, and two surface rivers (Rascón and Micos rivers). The stomach microbiome was analyzed using the Ion 16S Metagenomic kit considering seven variable regions: V2, V3, V4, V6-7, V8 and V9. A high diversity was observed across samples, including 16 phyla, 120 families and 178 genera. Gammaproteobacteria, Firmicutes, Bacteroidetes and Betaprotobacteria were the most abundant phyla across the samples. Although the relative abundance of the core OTUs at genus level were highly contrasting among populations, we did not recover differences in stomach microbiome between contrasting habitats (caves vs surface rivers). Rather, we observed a consistent association between β-diversity and dissolved oxygen concentration in water. Therefore, and unexpectedly, the microbiota of A. mexicanus is not linked with the habitat but results from water conditions.
Manipulating the alpha level cannot cure significance testing
Authors: Trafimow David , Amrhein Valentin , Areshenkoff Corson N. , Barrera-Causil Carlos , Beh Eric J. , Bilgiç Yusuf , Bono Roser , Bradley Michael T. , Briggs William M. , Cepeda-Freyre Héctor A. , Chaigneau Sergio E. , Ciocca Daniel R. , Carlos Correa Juan , Cousineau Denis , de Boer Michiel R. , Dhar Subhra Sankar , Dolgov Igor , Gómez-Benito Juana , Grendar Marian , Grice James , Guerrero-Gimenez Martin E. , Gutiérrez Andrés , Huedo-Medina Tania B. , Jaffe Klaus , Janyan Armina , Karimnezhad Ali , Korner-Nievergelt Fränzi , Kosugi Koji , Lachmair Martin , Ledesma Rubén , Limongi Roberto , Liuzza Marco Tullio , Lombardo Rosaria , Marks Michael , Meinlschmidt Gunther , Nalborczyk Ladislas , Nguyen Hung T. , Ospina Raydonal , Perezgonzalez Jose D. , Pfister Roland , Rahona Juan José , Rodríguez-Medina David A. , Romão Xavier , Ruiz-Fernández Susana , Suarez Isabel , Tegethoff Marion , Tejo Mauricio , van de Schoot Rens , Vankov Ivan , Velasco-Forero Santiago , Wang Tonghui , Yamada Yuki , Zoppino Felipe C. , Marmolejo-Ramos Fernando
Published: July 2018

We argue that making accept/reject decisions on scientific hypotheses, including a recent call for changing the canonical alpha level from p= .05 to .005, is deleterious for the finding of new discoveries and the progress of science. Given that blanket and variable alpha levels both are problematic, it is sensible to dispense with significance testing altogether. There are alternatives that address study design and sample size much more directly than significance testing does; but none of the statistical tools should be taken as the new magic method giving clear-cut mechanical answers. Inference should not be based on single studies at all, but on cumulative evidence from multiple independent studies. When evaluating the strength of the evidence, we should consider, for example, auxiliary assumptions, the strength of the experimental design, and implications for applications. To boil all this down to a binary decision based on a p-value threshold of .05, .01, .005, or anything else, is not acceptable.
Genetic Bragging as a Speech Act: From Fictional to Non-fictional Discourse
Authors: Sergio Pizziconi  , Walter Giordano  , Laura Di Ferrante
Published: July 2018

The fast and consistent progress in DNA research has lead us to vent the possibility that bragging about one’s own genetic endowment is bound to become a linguistic practice with economic and social entailments. The family resemblance approach (Kleiber 1999) was used to shape what we dubbed here “genetic bragging” in a prototypical perspective to the definition of speech acts. Our assumption is that the “genealogical bragging” in the pre-DNA-testing era is to be considered the closest resembling linguistic practice to draw upon to realize DNA-based bragging. We have collected an ad hoc corpus of fictional and non-fictional texts with instances of bragging about alleged inherent differences between human beings. The texts include 18th and 19th century natural science investigations, Hitler’s Mein Kampf, and science-fiction movie Gattaca to identify major strategies of bragging. We have finally supported our hypothesis by looking at two communicative fields. On the one hand, we accounted for the way governments are regulating the use DNA-testing in the insurance industry; on the other hand, we reported a few instances of recent political discourse in which genetic bragging has been used.
Robust manipulation of the behavior of Drosophila melanogaster by a fungal pathogen in the laboratory
Authors: Elya Carolyn , Lok Tin Ching , Spencer Quinn E , McCausland Hayley , Martinez Ciera C , Eisen Michael
Published: July 2018

Many microbes induce striking behavioral changes in their animal hosts, but how they achieve this is poorly understood, especially at the molecular level. Mechanistic understanding has been largely constrained by the lack of an experimental system amenable to molecular manipulation. We recently discovered a strain of the behavior-manipulating fungal pathogen Entomophthora muscae infecting wild Drosophila, and established methods to infect D. melanogaster in the lab. Lab-infected flies manifest the moribund behaviors characteristic of E. muscae infection: hours before death, they climb upward, extend their proboscides, affixing in place, then raise their wings, clearing a path for infectious spores to launch from their abdomens. We found that E. muscae invades the nervous system, suggesting a direct means by which the fungus could induce behavioral changes. Given the vast molecular toolkit available for D. melanogaster, we believe this new system will enable rapid progress in understanding how E. muscae manipulates host behavior.
Distinct and evolutionary conserved structural features of the human nuclear exosome complex
Authors: Gerlach Piotr , Schuller Jan M , Bonneau Fabien , Basquin Jérôme , Reichelt Peter , Falk Sebastian , Conti Elena
Published: July 2018

The nuclear RNA exosome complex mediates the processing of structured RNAs and the decay of aberrant non-coding RNAs, an important function particularly in human cells. Most mechanistic studies to date have focused on the yeast system. Here, we reconstituted and studied the properties of a recombinant 14-subunit human nuclear exosome complex. In biochemical assays, the human exosome embeds a longer RNA channel than its yeast counterpart. The 3.8 Å resolution cryo-EM structure of the core complex bound to a single-stranded RNA reveals that the RNA channel path is formed by two distinct features of the hDIS3 exoribonuclease: an open conformation and a domain organization more similar to bacterial RNase II than to yeast Rrp44. The cryo-EM structure of the holo-complex shows how obligate nuclear cofactors position the hMTR4 helicase at the entrance of the core complex, suggesting a striking structural conservation from lower to higher eukaryotes.