bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Topika kwartetów smyczkowych Zbigniewa Bujarskiego, Krzysztofa Pendereckiego i Marka Stachowskiego
Authors: Wójtowicz Ewa
Published: January 2025

The subject under discussion in this article is string quartets by three Polish composers from the same generation: Krzysztof Penderecki (1933–2020), Zbigniew Bujarski (1933–2018) and Marek Stachowski (1936–2004). The author defines the fundamental topoi of the quartet genre: conversationality, the “speech” style and the “singing” style, and then finds their manifestations both in works from the 1960s and 1970s, which lay within the circle of sonorism, and in later works composed using more traditional means. Among other historical conventions, the pastoral style, which gained original updates through the sonorist technique, was taken into account, as well as topics characteristic of the composers’ individual styles. A special feature of Bujarski’s music are the voices of birds, appearing both in works with religious themes (Quartet for Advent), as well as compositions in which the composer engages in reflections of an existential nature (Quartet for a House-Warming, Quartet for Autumn). Marek Stachowski’s quartet technique is distinguished by the use of fugato to achieve the effect of “unravelling” the music, highlighting the expression of movement. This composer’s Musica festeggiante offers an example of introducing an extended fugue into the form of the piece. The article concludes with an attempt to interpret the meanings carried by music featuring folk intonations. In Bujarski’s works, this is part of his strategy of punctuating quartets with non-musical titles, while in Penderecki’s late works the period of childhood is introduced – in a similar way to quotation – giving Quartet No. 3 “Leaves From an Unwritten Diary” and String Quartet No. 4 an autobiographical touch.
Wstęp do "The Oxford Handbook of Topic Theory"
Authors: Mirka Danuta , Trzęsiok Marcin
Published: January 2025

Przekład anglojęzycznego wstępu do "The Oxford Handbook of Topic Theory", ed. D. Mirka, Oxford University Press, 2013.
Bericht zum Arbeitsgespräch „Arsen in Büchern: Auf dem Weg zu angemessenen Arbeitsschutzmaßnahmen“
Authors: Bach Maximilian
Published: January 2025

Die Frage, welches gesundheitliche Risiko vom Umgang mit (potenziell) arsenhaltigen Buchbeständen ausgeht, ist seit einigen Jahren weit über die bibliothekarische Community hinaus präsent. Vor diesem Hintergrund fand vom 10. bis 11. Oktober 2024 ein interdisziplinäres Arbeitsgespräch an der Herzog August Bibliothek Wolfenbüttel statt. Der vorliegende Bericht bietet einen Überblick zu den Beiträgen des Arbeitsgesprächs, fasst zentrale Erkenntnisse zusammen und präsentiert abschließend die im Rahmen des Arbeitsgesprächs erarbeiteten Empfehlungen für einen angemessenen Umgang mit (potenziell) arsenhaltigen Buchbeständen in Bibliotheken.
Publikations- und Kosten-Monitoring in einem Software-Tool: Werkstattbericht zu einem Projekt der Universitätsbibliotheken Magdeburg und Potsdam
Authors: Bosse Sascha , Höhnow Tobias , Matthes Anja , Stadler Heike
Published: January 2025

Der Artikel beschreibt die Entwicklung und Einführung des Software-Tools Output, das gemeinsam von den Universitätsbibliotheken Magdeburg und Potsdam zur Optimierung des Publikations- und Kosten-Monitorings entwickelt wurde. Ziel des Tools ist die effiziente und transparente Erfassung und Analyse wissenschaftlicher Publikationen sowie die Verwaltung von Open-Access-Merkmalen und Zuordnung zu (Transformations-)Verträgen. Die Einführung von Output hat an beiden Universitäten das Publikationsmanagement deutlich verbessert, gemessen am Erfassungsgrad der Publikationen und insbesondere mit Fokus auf die Kostenerfassung und -analyse.
A Re-Consideration of Money Demand Theory
Authors: Kapur Basant K.
Published: January 2025

Portfolio models typically ignore precautionary transactions demands for liquid assets, and models of precautionary demands typically ignore asset rate-of-return risk. If asset-holders are risk-averse, however, both transactions risk and rate-of-return risk affect demands for both liquid and illiquid assets, even when the two risks are independent of each other. We demonstrate this in a four-asset framework, and show that our integrated treatment produces unexpected and instructive results and insights. For example, (a) an increase in the expected return to risky securities increases the demand for M1, even when M1 is used entirely for transactions purposes, (b) an increase in the variance of securities returns reduces the demand for M1, and (c) an increase in the asset-holders’ wealth reduces her demand for M1. A broader framework for the study of money demand is thus called for.
Green synthesis of highly luminous lemon juice-based carbon dots for antimicrobial assessment and fingerprint detection
Authors: Wazir Arshad Hussain , Khan Qudratullah , Ullah Faizan , Yaqoob Khurram
Published: January 2025

Carbon dots are regarded as a brand new class of nanostructures in the carbonaceous family that have piqued the curiosity of researchers in a wide range of bio applications. This work focuses on the synthesis and characterization of carbon dots, as well as their latent fingerprint detection and antibacterial/antifungal capabilities. Highly luminous carbon dots were prepared by optimizing simple hydrothermal carbonization settings at 180 °C for 12 h using lemon juice as a raw precursor. The resulting product was examined using Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, scanning electron microscopy, energy dispersive X-ray analysis, X-ray diffractometery, and ultraviolet–visible spectrophotometer. The as-prepared carbon dots were found to be extremely bright when excited under ultraviolet light (λ = 365 nm). The presence of carbon and oxygen functionalities on the surface of the carbon dots was revealed by infrared spectrocopy. The diffraction pattern confirmed the amorphous structure of the carbon dots, with an average size of 7 nm determined using the Scherrer equation. The surface morphology analysis revealed that the carbon dots exhibited an aggregated form with irregular spherical shapes. The chemical structure examination validated the elemental makeup of the prepared lemon juice-based carbon dots. The detection of latent fingerprints on carbon dots under ultraviolet light yielded positive results. In addition, the obtained carbon dots displayed antifungal and antibacterial activity against tested pathogenic fungal and bacterial strains.
Sequential sorption of crystal violet and emulsified oil onto poly(lauryl methacrylate-acrylamide) hybrid hydrogel
Authors: Subhan Hanif , Khan Shehzad , Ahmad Hammad , Haq Izhar Ul , Uzma  , Gul Zarif , Alam Sultan , Shah Luqman Ali , Zahoor Muhammad , Umar Muhammad Naveed , Ullah Riaz , Shahat Abdelaaty A.
Published: January 2025

The operational industries continuously contribute significant volumes of synthetic dyes along with other pollutants into the aquatic environment. The global issue of dye induced water contamination was addressed through facile synthesis of hydrophobically associated poly(lauryl methacrylate-acrylamide) [p(LMA-AAm)] hydrogel by free radical polymerization method. The SEM (Scanning Electron Microscope) micrographs depicted suitability of the hybrid sorbent for crystal violet (CV) uptake owing to porous, rough and spongy texture. The fabricated sorbent was utilized for CV sorption by performing different tests like contact time, pH, and initial concentration effect on the CV sorption. The obtained kinetic and isothermal data fitted well into the non-linear versions of pseudo second order and Langmuir models respectively. The thermodynamics tests signified the sorption process of spontaneous and endothermic nature. After sorption, the resultant [CV/p(LMA-AAm)] waste was applied for toluene (oil probe) separation from water which performed excellent separation in the range of 83–74 % during the first three tests. Thus, the desirable sorption properties, facile fabrication and promising oil separation power may recommend the composite sorbent for applications in the relevant fields like water treatment, separation and sorption.
Study on the synthesis and properties of Gemini surfactant with ester spacers
Authors: Dai Ruiyao , Shen Jie , Xu Hujun
Published: January 2025

A group of cationic Gemini surfactants with ester spacers, C12-E2-C12, C16-E2-C16, C18-E2-C18, were synthesized and confirmed by IR, 1H NMR and MS. The surface parameters of the synthesized Gemini surfactants including: the critical micelle concentration (CMC), the surface tension value at CMC (γ
CMC), efficiency (pC
20), maximum surface excess (Γ
max) and minimum surface area (A
min), were obtained from surface tension measurements. These Gemini surfactants showed higher surface activity than the traditional monomeric surfactants. The thermodynamic parameters of the micellization process from conductivity measurements showed that the micellization was a spontaneous and exothermic process, and the micellization process became less favorable with decreasing alkyl chain length and increasing temperature. The micro polarity was evaluated from steady-state fluorescence spectra. It was found that the micelle aggregation number of Cn-E2-Cn aqueous solution gradually increased with the increase of alkyl chain.
The Application of Repeated-Sprint Training
Authors: Thurlow Fraser , McLaren Shaun J. , Townshend Andrew , Weakley Jonathon
Published: January 2025

Repeated-sprint training (RST) involves maximal-effort, short-duration sprints (≤10 seconds) interspersed with brief (≤60 seconds) recovery periods. It can enhance a range of physical qualities to help prepare intermittent sport athletes for the high-intensity demands of competition. This review provides a scientific basis for applying running-based RST with intermittent sport athletes. The acute and chronic responses to RST are reviewed, as well as the manipulation of programming variables to target specific training outcomes (i.e., sprint modality, number of repetitions and sets, repetition distance, rest time, rest modality, volume, training frequency, and program duration). Furthermore, practical considerations for an individualized approach to RST and an applied framework for how and when it can be best integrated into the annual training program are presented.
Improving Tracking of Selective Attention in Hearing Aid Users: The Role of Noise Reduction and Nonlinearity Compensation
Authors: Wilroth Johanna , Alickovic Emina , Skoglund Martin A. , Signoret Carine , Rönnberg Jerker , Enqvist Martin
Published: January 2025

Hearing impairment (HI) disrupts social interaction by hindering the ability to follow conversations in noisy environments. While hearing aids (HAs) with noise reduction (NR) partially address this, the “cocktail-party problem” persists, where individuals struggle to attend to specific voices amidst background noise. This study investigated how NR and an advanced signal processing method for compensating for nonlinearities in Electroencephalography (EEG) signals can improve neural speech processing in HI listeners. Participants wore HAs with NR, either activated or deactivated, while focusing on target speech amidst competing masker speech and background noise. Analysis focused on temporal response functions to assess neural tracking of relevant target and masker speech. Results revealed enhanced neural responses (N1 and P2) to target speech, particularly in frontal and central scalp regions, when NR was activated. Additionally, a novel method compensated for nonlinearities in EEG data, leading to improved signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) and potentially revealing more precise neural tracking of relevant speech. This effect was most prominent in the left-frontal scalp region. Importantly, NR activation significantly improved the effectiveness of this method, leading to stronger responses and reduced variance in EEG data and potentially revealing more precise neural tracking of relevant speech. This study provides valuable insights into the neural mechanisms underlying NR benefits and introduces a promising EEG analysis approach sensitive to NR effects, paving the way for potential improvements in HAs.
A REVIEW OF ULTRASOUND-ASSISTED EXTRACTION OF BIOACTIVE COMPOUNDS FROM COFFEE WASTE
Authors: Özdemir Murat , Yıldırım Rabia , Yurttaş Rümeysa , Başargan Duygu , Hakcı Mustafa Barış
Published: January 2025

The objective of this paper is to review the effectiveness of ultrasound-assisted extraction, particularly targeting phenolic and flavonoid compounds from coffee waste. The mechanism, advantages, disadvantages and some of the important factors affecting ultrasound-assisted extraction are discussed. Previous studies and current applications of ultrasound-assisted extraction on the extraction of phenolics and flavonoids from various coffee wastes are reviewed. Ultrasound-assisted extraction is easier to use, can be done at the room temperature, increases efficiency, utilizes less solvent and energy, reduces operating costs, and better preserves of the bioactivity of thermosensitive compounds. This review shows that key parameters affecting the extraction of bioactive compounds using ultrasound technology are temperature, contact time, type of solvent, solid to solvent ratio, ultrasonic power and ultrasonic frequency. In conclusion, all the reported applications reveal that ultrasound-assisted extraction stands out as an emerging and green extraction technique to extract phenolic and flavonoid compounds from coffee waste.
The Cross-Sectional and Longitudinal Association of Grandiose Narcissism With the Quality of the Parent-Child Relationship
Authors: Jung Janis , Schröder-Abé Michela
Published: January 2025

Grandiose narcissism has been shown to interfere with the establishment of long-lasting relationships. Evidence on whether grandiose narcissism negatively affects the parent-child relationship, however, is less conclusive. Using data from a large, nationwide sample in Germany, the present study investigated the cross-sectional and longitudinal links between the agentic and antagonistic facets of grandiose narcissism and multiple indicators of the parent-child relationship. Results of multilevel analyses showed that particularly antagonistic narcissism was cross-sectionally, but not longitudinally, associated with a decreased level of intimacy and parental admiration within the parent-child relationship. Antagonistic narcissism was also cross-sectionally linked to reduced parental warmth and increased negative communication. These effects were observed across parent and child reports, underscoring the robustness of the results. The study highlights the importance of considering grandiose narcissism’s role in the parent-child relationship, suggesting that particularly antagonistic narcissism is associated with a dysfunctional family environment.
КИНЕТИКА ТЕПЛОВЫДЕЛЕНИЯ ПРИ ПОГЛОЩЕНИИ ЛАЗЕРНОГО ИМПУЛЬСА БИНАРНОЙ СМЕСЬЮ МОЛЕКУЛЯРНЫХ ГАЗОВ С РАЗЛИЧНЫМИ ВРЕМЕНАМИ КОЛЕБАТЕЛЬНО-ПОСТУПАТЕЛЬНОЙ РЕЛАКСАЦИИ
Authors: НИКИФОРОВА О.Ю. , ПОНОМАРЕВ Ю.Н.
Published: January 2025

Оптико-акустический (ОА) метод широко применяется при исследовании поглощения оптического излучения различными средами. Как правило, предполагается, что полезный сигнал формируется при релаксации колебательно-возбужденных молекул с общим характерным временем tVT. Рассмотрена кинетика тепловыделения в ОА-ячейке при поглощении лазерного импульса в смеси двух молекулярных газов с двумя независимыми каналами колебательно-поступательной релаксации с сильно различающимися временами. Приведен пример расчетов кинетики тепловыделения для смеси Н2О и СО2 при поглощении моноимпульса излучения СО2-лазера при вариациях концентраций газов. Установлено, что при интерпретации результатов ОА-измерений необходимо учитывать соотношение между длительностью импульса возбуждающего лазерного излучения и характерными временами колебательно-поступательной релаксации в исследуемой смеси газов. Полученные результаты применимы для оценки потерь лазерного излучения и изменения оптических характеристик многокомпонентной газовой среды (в том числе воздуха) в канале распространения мощного лазерного импульса.

The photoacoustic (PA) method is widely used in studies of the absorption of optical radiation by various media. As a rule, it is assumed that the PA signal is formed due to the relaxation of vibrationally excited molecules with a common characteristic time tVT. The kinetics of heat release in a PA cell at absorption of a laser radiation pulse in a mixture of two molecular gases with two independent channels of vibrational-translational relaxation with very different times is considered. An example of calculations of the kinetics of heat release for a mixture of H2O and CO2 at absorption of a CO2 laser radiation pulse and variations in gas concentrations is presented. It is shown that it is necessary to take into account the relationship between the laser pulse duration and the characteristic times of vibrational-translational relaxation in the gas mixture under study.
КОМПЛЕКСНАЯ ОЦЕНКА СОСТАВА ВОЗДУХА НАД РОССИЙСКИМ СЕКТОРОМ АРКТИКИ В СЕНТЯБРЕ 2020 Г
Authors: АНТОХИН П.Н. , АРШИНОВА В.Г. , АРШИНОВ М.Ю. , БЕЛАН Б.Д. , БЕЛАН С.Б. , ДАВЫДОВ Д.К. , ИВЛЕВ Г.А. , КОЗЛОВ А.В. , РАССКАЗЧИКОВА Т.М. , САВКИН Д.Е. , СИМОНЕНКОВ Д.В. , СКЛЯДНЕВА Т.К. , ТОЛМАЧЕВ Г.Н. , ФОФОНОВ А.В.
Published: January 2025

В Арктике потепление климата происходит в несколько раз быстрее, чем в других районах земного шара. Это может быть результатом усиления обратных связей между климатом и составом атмосферы. Однако данных об изменениях концентрации климатически активных веществ в этом регионе крайне мало. Поэтому для восполнения пробела в данных о вертикальном распределении газового и аэрозольного составов воздуха над Российским сектором Арктики в сентябре 2020 г. на самолете-лаборатории Ту-134 «Оптик» был проведен эксперимент по зондированию атмосферы и водной поверхности над акваториями всех российских морей Северного Ледовитого океана. В настоящей работе приводится анализ пространственного распределения газового и аэрозольного составов арктической тропосферы. Показано, что в период эксперимента концентрация СО2 в направлении с запада на восток росла в приводном и пограничном слоях и, наоборот, убывала в тропосфере. Содержание же метана в приводном слое в том же направлении уменьшалось. Концентрации СО, NOX и SO2 в Российском секторе Арктики были очень низкими, что характерно для удаленных фоновых районов. Все фракции аэрозоля также демонстрируют убывание содержания с запада на восток. Полученные результаты могут быть использованы при моделировании атмосферных процессов, происходящих в Арктике в условиях изменяющегося климата.

In the Arctic, climate warming is occurring several times faster than in other regions of the globe. This сan be the result of strengthening feedbacks between climate and atmospheric composition. However, there are very few data on changes in the concentration of climatically active substances in this region. Therefore, to fill the gap in data on the vertical distribution of gas and aerosol composition of the air over the Russian Arctic, an airborne survey of the atmosphere and water surface over the all Russian seas of the Arctic Ocean was performed with use of the Tu-134 Optik aircraft laboratory in September 2020. This paper analyzes the spatial distribution of gas and aerosol composition in the Arctic troposphere. It is shown that during the experiment, the CO2 mixing ratio changed from west to east in the opposite direction in the near-water and boundary layers compared to the free troposphere (FT), namely, it was increasing in the planetary boudary layer (PBL) and was decreasing in the FT. The methane content in the near-water layer decreased in the same direction. Concentrations of CO, NO X , and SO2 in the Russian Arctic were very low, which is typical for remote background areas. All aerosol fractions also showed a decrease in their content from west to east.
ОПРЕДЕЛЕНИЕ ПАРАМЕТРОВ ТУРБУЛЕНТНОСТИ СТРАТИФИЦИРОВАННОГО ПОГРАНИЧНОГО СЛОЯ АТМОСФЕРЫ С ИСПОЛЬЗОВАНИЕМ СРЕДСТВ ДИСТАНЦИОННОГО ЗОНДИРОВАНИЯ
Authors: БАНАХ В.А. , СМАЛИХО И.Н. , ГОРДЕЕВ Е.В. , СУХАРЕВ А.А. , ФАЛИЦ А.В.
Published: January 2025

Представлены результаты экспериментов по определению параметров турбулентности стратифицированного пограничного слоя атмосферы средствами дистанционного зондирования. Полученные с использованием ветрового лидара и температурного радиометра высотно-временные распределения скорости диссипации кинетической энергии турбулентности и структурной характеристики турбулентных флуктуаций температуры сопоставляются с высотными изменениями параметров, характеризующих атмосферную стратификацию. Показано, что скорость диссипации, определяющая интенсивность ветровой турбулентности, убывает в пограничном слое с высотой при всех типах термической стратификации. В большей степени от вариаций термодинамической устойчивости в атмосфере зависит интенсивность турбулентных флуктуаций температуры. Более сильная, чем в нижележащем слое, термическая неустойчивость атмосферы на бóльших высотах может приводить не к убыванию, а к возрастанию структурной характеристики флуктуаций температуры с высотой. В соответствии с высотным ходом структурной характеристики температуры значения структурной характеристики турбулентных пульсаций показателя преломления также могут увеличиваться с высотой и отличаться от прогнозируемых на основе известных моделей.

The results of experiments on determining the turbulence parameters of a stratified atmospheric boundary layer using remote sensing are presented. The height-time distributions and vertical profiles of the dissipation rate of kinetic energy of turbulence and the structural constant of turbulent fluctuations of temperature obtained from measurements of radial velocity with a coherent wind lidar and temperature with a microwave radiometer are compared with altitude variations in the parameters characterizing atmospheric stability. It is shown that the dissipation rate, which determines the intensity of wind turbulence, decreases in the boundary layer with altitude for all types of thermal stratification. The intensity of turbulent fluctuations of temperature depends to a greater extent on altitude variations in thermodynamic conditions in the atmosphere. If the thermal instability of the atmosphere at higher altitudes exceeds that in lower layers, then the structural constant of temperature fluctuations can not decrease but increase with altitude. In accordance with the altitude variation in the structural constant of temperature, the values of the structural constant of turbulent pulsations of the refractive index can also increase with altitude and differ from those predicted on the basis of known models.
ДИСТАНЦИОННЫЕ СПЕКТРОМЕТРИЧЕСКИЕ ИЗМЕРЕНИЯ АТМОСФЕРНОГО СОДЕРЖАНИЯ ДВУОКИСИ АЗОТА ВБЛИЗИ ГОРОДСКИХ ТЭЦ
Authors: ИОНОВ Д.В. , МАКАРОВА М.В.
Published: January 2025

Функционирование тепловых электростанций сопровождается выбросом в атмосферу различных загрязняющих веществ, включая окислы азота. В настоящей работе представлены результаты спектрометрических измерений атмосферного содержания NO2, выполненных на кольцевых маршрутах, огибающих крупные городские ТЭЦ Санкт-Петербурга. Пространственная изменчивость тропосферного содержания NO2 в окрестностях ТЭЦ, определяемая из экспериментальных данных методом DOAS (Differential Optical Absorption Spectroscopy), демонстрирует повышенные значения с подветренной стороны от дымовых труб. Пространственные распределения, наблюдаемые в данных мобильных DOAS-измерений, подтверждаются результатами численных расчетов поля содержания NO2, выполненных с использованием модели HYSPLIT (HYbrid Single-Particle Lagrangian Integrated Trajectories) с учетом априорной информации об объемах эмиссии NOx основными городскими ТЭЦ. Приближенные оценки эмиссии NOx двумя крупнейшими ТЭЦ Санкт-Петербурга на основе расчетов суммарного потока молекул NO2 через замкнутый контур маршрута DOAS-измерений составили ~ 2 ¸ 3 тыс. т в год. Полученные экспериментальные данные важны для определения доли ТЭЦ в антропогенном загрязнении атмосферы.

The operation of thermal power plants (TPP) is accompanied by the emission of various pollutants into the atmosphere, including nitrogen oxides. This paper presents the results of spectrometric measurements of the atmospheric NO2 content carried out on circular routes around large urban TPPs of St. Petersburg. The spatial variability of tropospheric NO2 content in the vicinity of a TPP, determined from experimental data using the DOAS (Differential Optical Absorption Spectroscopy) method, demonstrates increased values in the downwind side of smokestacks. The spatial distributions observed in the mobile DOAS measurements are confirmed by the results of numerical calculations of the NO2 content field using the HYSPLIT (HYbrid Single-Particle Lagrangian Integrated Trajectories) model, taking into account a priori information on the volume of NOx emissions from the main urban TPPs. Approximate estimates of NOx emissions from the two largest TPPs in St. Petersburg, obtained on the basis of calculations of the total flow of NO2 molecules through a closed loop of DOAS measurement routes, amounted to ~ 2 ¸ 3 thousand tons per year. These experimental data are important for determining the contribution of thermal power plants to anthropogenic atmospheric pollution.
МЕТОДИКА ПРОВЕДЕНИЯ ИЗМЕРЕНИЙ ТУРБУЛЕНТНЫМ ЛИДАРОМ И СРАВНЕНИЕ РЕЗУЛЬТАТОВ ЗОНДИРОВАНИЯ С НАЗЕМНЫМИ НАБЛЮДЕНИЯМИ
Authors: РАЗЕНКОВ И.А.
Published: January 2025

История создания турбулентного лидара в ИОА СО РАН началась 11 лет назад, когда с помощью громоздкой лабораторной установки впервые экспериментально удалось зарегистрировать эффект увеличения обратного рассеяния (УОР) в турбулентной атмосфере. Впоследствии для усовершенствования лидара был предложен ряд конструкторских решений, которые позволили уменьшить габариты и повысить надежность. Основными особенностями конструкции лидара являются: совмещение оптических осей передатчика и приемника, наличие дополнительного приемного канала, работа в режиме счета фотонов с накоплением эхосигналов. В работе изложена методика проведения эксперимента с помощью турбулентного лидара - нового типа лазерного локатора; дан алгоритм определения профиля структурной характеристики турбулентных флуктуаций показателя преломления воздуха из отношения эхосигналов; выполнены экспериментальная проверка методики и сопоставление данных лидара с показаниями солнечного радиометра и сцинциллометра. В перспективе развитие технологии турбулентного лидара позволит с земли дистанционно контролировать интенсивность турбулентности в пограничном слое атмосферы, например на глиссаде в аэропортах; заблаговременно обнаруживать турбулентность в ясном небе с борта воздушного судна и др.

The history of the creation of a turbulent lidar at IAO SB RAS began 11 years ago, when, with the help of a bulky laboratory installation, it was first experimentally possible to register the backscatter enhancement (BSE) effect in a turbulent atmosphere. Subsequently, a number of design solutions were proposed to improve the lidar, which made it possible to reduce dimensions and increase reliability. The main features of the lidar design are: the coincidence of the optical axes of the transmitter and receiver; the presence of an additional receiving channel; operation in the photon counting mode with the accumulation of echo signals. The experimental technique using a turbulent lidar, which is a new type of laser locator, is described. An algorithm is given for determining the profile of the structural characteristic of turbulent fluctuations of the refractive index of air from the ratio of echo signals. The experimental verification of the technique was performed and the lidar data were compared with the readings of a solar radiometer and a scintillometer. In the future, the development of turbulent lidar technology will allow remote monitoring of the turbulence intensity in the atmospheric boundary layer from the ground, for example, on the glide path at airports; detecting clear air turbulence (CAT) in advance from aircraft, etc.
КОРРЕЛЯЦИОННЫЙ АЛГОРИТМ ДЛЯ АДАПТИВНОЙ ОПТИЧЕСКОЙ СИСТЕМЫ СОЛНЕЧНОГО ТЕЛЕСКОПА
Authors: КОНЯЕВ П.А.
Published: January 2025

В адаптивных оптических системах (АОС), применяемых в астрофизике, широко используются разновидности корреляционного алгоритма NCC (Normalized Cross Correlation), как правило, в блоках слежения и стабилизации, а также для измерения оптических параметров АОС, например локальных наклонов в датчиках волнового фронта (ДВФ). Ввиду тенденции увеличения апертур современных телескопов и роста разрешения цифровых видеокамер не теряет актуальности задача повышения быстродействия алгоритма NCC для вычислений в реальном масштабе времени. В настоящей работе предложена модификация NCC для измерения смещения изображений протяженных объектов статичной сцены в приложениях адаптивной атмосферной оптики. Эта разновидность алгоритма может использоваться в следящих системах для устранения дрожания всего изображения, а также для измерений фазы волнового фронта в ДВФ. Благодаря упрощению процедуры нормировки опорного кадра скорость алгоритма увеличивается и появляется возможность его применения в АОС крупноапертурных солнечных телескопов.

In adaptive optics systems (AOS) applied in astrophysics, normalized cross correlation (NCC) algorithm is widely used, usually in tracking and stabilization blocks, as well as for measuring the optical parameters of AOS, for example, local tilts in wavefront sensors (WFS). Due to the tendency to increase the apertures of modern telescopes and the improvement of the resolution of digital video cameras, the problem of increasing the speed of the NCC algorithm for real-time control calculations is relevant. The article proposes a modification of the NCC algorithm for measuring the displacement of images of extended objects of a static scene in adaptive atmospheric optics applications. This type of algorithm can be used in tracking systems to eliminate jitter of the entire image, as well as for measuring the wavefront phase in WFS. Due to the simplification of the reference frame normalization procedure, the algorithm wins in speed and can be used in AOS of large-aperture solar telescopes.
О ПРОСТРАНСТВЕННОЙ НЕОДНОРОДНОСТИ И ПРОСТРАНСТВЕННОЙ АВТОКОРРЕЛЯЦИИ УРОВНЕЙ ЭКОНОМИЧЕСКОЙ АКТИВНОСТИ В РЕГИОНАХ РОССИИ
Authors: БУФЕТОВА А.Н.
Published: January 2025

В статье рассматриваются особенности проявления пространственных эффектов перелива в экономике России и их связь с уровнем экономической активности и степенью ее различия в регионах. Исследование опирается на анализ пространственной обусловленности динамики распределения региональных показателей с использованием методов, основанных на теории марковских процессов с дискретным временем и непрерывным пространством состояний. Показано, что не только низкий уровень экономической активности, но и сильное различие в ее уровне является препятствием для проявления положительных пространственных экстерналий: регионы, значительно отстающие от своих соседей, не демонстрируют ускорения развития и увеличивают отставание как от соседей, так и от среднего по всей совокупности. Напротив, небольшая степень различия соседних регионов и уровень экономической активности в них выше среднего способствуют проявлению пространственных эффектов перелива, сближению уровней экономической активности и, как следствие, положительной пространственной автокорреляции уровней экономической активности в регионах. Наибольшее ускорение в этом случае получают регионы, догоняющие своих соседей, лидеры же несколько замедляют темпы развития. Таким образом, пространственная автокорреляция, отражающая степень сходства соседних регионов, может быть как следствием процессов пространственной концентрации или дисперсии экономической активности, так и причиной, усиливающей эти процессы.

The article examines the unique characteristics of spatial spillover effects in the Russian economy and their connection to the level of economic activity and its variability across regions. The study employs methods based on Markov chain theory with discrete time and continuous state space to analyze the spatial dynamics of regional indicators. The findings reveal that not only a commonly low level of economic activity but also significant disparities in its levels between regions hinder the emergence of positive spatial externalities. Regions that lag considerably behind their neighbors do not experience accelerated growth; instead, they fall even further behind both their neighbors and the national average. Conversely, regions with smaller differences in economic activity levels and those with above-average economic activity are more likely to experience positive spatial spillover effects. This leads to a convergence in economic activity levels and results in positive spatial autocorrelation across regions. In such cases, regions catching up with their neighbors benefit from the greatest acceleration in development, while leading regions tend to slow down slightly. Thus, spatial autocorrelation, which reflects the degree of similarity among neighboring regions, can both result from and reinforce the processes of spatial concentration or dispersion of economic activity.
Quantitative Examination of Dialectal Perception in the Vicinity of the Kaunas Lagoon
Authors: Šidlauskas Žydrūnas
Published: January 2025

The article analyses two poles of dialectal data: the subjective one (emic) and the objective one(etic). 50 hours of recorded interviews with 52 inhabitants who were evicted from the Nẽmunas valley in the 1950s when the Kaũnas Hydroelectric Power Plant was being built (the Kaũnas Lagoon was formed by flooding the Nẽmunas Valley) are analysed.The article quantitatively reveals the overlap (or no overlap) of data regarding informants, ordinary members of the language community, dialectal perception (emic) and objective (etic) data. This goal was achieved in three steps: 1) based on the features of the reconstructed local dialectal variant of the flooded settlements of the Kaũnas Lagoon, indicators of the dialecticism of the informants were determined; 2) having structured the dialectal perception responses, a quantitative model of dialect awareness was created; 3) having established the correlation between the emic and etic data, an examination of the dialectal perception and the actual usage was carried out on a vertical and horizontal continuum.The collected data shows that the language of the interviewed inhabitants is characterised by the features ofthe dialectal variant of the southeastern part of Western Aukštaitian of Kaũnas (Priedzūkis); however, onlya part of the population considers themselves to be representatives of a dialect. The quantitatively measuredlevel of dialecticism also varies (especially due to intermittent usage).When these indicators of dialecticism were compared with the categorised dialectal perception data, a (paradoxical)reality was determined: there is a mismatch between dialectal perception and actual usage. Themismatch results due to a variety of reasons, one of which is education: informants that have obtained highereducation have a better knowledge of the dialect and/or admit it more readily (however, their language isnot more dialectal).
Dosimetry for FLASH Radiotherapy: A review of dosimetric systems
Authors: Suzart Karoline Feitoza , Albuquerque Potiens Maria da Penha
Published: January 2025

FLASH radiotherapy (FLASH-RT) is a promising approach to cancer treatment, characterized by the delivery of high doses of radiation in a short period of time, within fractions of seconds. In order to demonstrate the FLASH effect, single high doses of radiation delivered in very short times through a limited number of pulses are required. Previous studies have reported that FLASH-RT treatment can result in increased cell survival compared to conventional radiotherapy. This article aims to conduct a comprehensive literature search on dosimetry in FLASH radiotherapy, an emerging and promising technique in the field of radiotherapy. Some of the most used dosimeters in recent studies for FLASH radiotherapy will be discussed, including ionization chambers, diamond detectors, radiochromic films, EBT3 radiochromic films and thermoluminescent dosimeters. The main dosimetry parameters used in FLASH radiotherapy treatments will be analyzed, with emphasis on the characteristics and applicability of the different types of dosimeters used.
Healthy Lifestyle in the First 1000 Days and Overweight and Obesity Throughout Childhood
Authors: Aubert Adrien M. , Lecorguillé Marion , Schipper Mireille C. , Douglass Alexander , Kelleher Cecily C. , Lioret Sandrine , Heude Barbara , Gaillard Romy , Phillips Catherine M.
Published: January 2025

OBJECTIVES

Investigate associations of different family healthy lifestyle scores (HLS) during the first 1000 days with childhood overweight and obesity (OWOB).

METHODS

Cohort-specific analyses were conducted on participants (n = 25 006) from 4 European birth cohorts (The study on the pre- and early postnatal determinants of child health and development [EDEN], Elfe, France; Generation R, the Netherlands; and Lifeways, Ireland). Three composite HLSs were calculated: a maternal pregnancy HLS based on prepregnancy body mass index (BMI) and diet quality, physical activity, smoking status, and alcohol consumption during pregnancy; a parental pregnancy HLS additionally considering paternal BMI and smoking status; and an infancy HLS based on breastfeeding duration, age of solid food introduction, and exposure to passive smoking. Associations with child BMI (primary outcome) and waist-to-height ratio (WHtR, available in 2 cohorts) in early (5–5.5 years), middle (7–8 years), and late childhood (9–12 years) were assessed using linear (BMI and WHtR z-scores) and robust Poisson (International Obesity Task Force [IOTF] categories) regression analyses adjusted for sociodemographic confounders.

RESULTS

Only a small proportion of families had favorable lifestyle factors during pregnancy and early infancy, with 3.4% to 10.0%, 1.9% to 3.7%, and 12.2% to 23.6% scoring maximum for maternal, parental, and infancy HLS, respectively. Associations between higher HLSs and a lower risk of OWOB when measured by BMI z-scores or IOTF categories were found for maternal HLS and early (3/4 cohorts with available data), middle (1/2), and late childhood (2/4); parental HLS and early (3/4), middle (2/2), and late childhood (4/4). Associations between infancy HLS and childhood OWOB were less consistent and did not remain significant after additional adjustment for parental HLS. Associations with WHtR were solely significant in EDEN at 5.5 years.

CONCLUSIONS

Greater maternal and parental adherence to healthy lifestyle behaviors during pregnancy was associated with a lower risk of offspring OWOB throughout childhood, illustrating the importance of promoting healthy lifestyle behaviors at the family level during pregnancy.
Guided Self-Help vs Group Treatment for Children With Obesity: A Randomized Clinical Trial
Authors: Boutelle Kerri N. , Rhee Kyung E. , Strong David R. , Manzano Michael A. , Bernard Rebecca S. , Eichen Dawn M. , Anderson Cheryl C.A. , Marcus Bess H. , Akshoomoff Natacha , Crow Scott J.
Published: January 2025

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES

Family-based behavioral treatment (FBT) for children with obesity is provided in weekly parent and child groups over 6 months. A guided self-help FBT program (gshFBT) is provided to the dyad in short meetings. Both interventions provide the same content; however, gshFBT provides this content in less time (FBT = 23 hours, gshFBT = 5.3 hours). This study aimed to evaluate whether gshFBT is noninferior to FBT on child weight loss and cost-effectiveness.

METHODS

150 children aged between 7.0 and 12.9 years with a BMI between the 85th and 99.9th percentile and their parent were recruited and randomized to a 6-month program of gshFBT (n = 75) or FBT (n = 75) and were followed 12 months post-treatment.

RESULTS

A total of 150 children (mean age = 10.1 years, 49% female, mean BMIz = 2.09) and their parent (mean age = 41.5 years, 87% female, 45% Hispanic, 37% White non-Hispanic, 9.7% Asian, 4.8% Black, 7.3% other) were recruited from the San Diego Metropolitan area. Joint LME models showed that gshFBT was noninferior to FBT on child weight loss (ΔBMIz = −0.02 [90% credible interval [CI] −0.08–0.05, P = .65]; ΔBMIp95% = −1.57 [90% CI –4.46–1.31, P = .28]) and cost less (cost/dyad gshFBT = $1498; FBT = $2775).

CONCLUSION

The gshFBT program provided similar weight losses for children with less contact hours and with lower cost than FBT. The reduced time and ease of scheduling for the family in gshFBT will allow for an increased reach of treatment to a greater proportion of families in need.
Особливості розвитку цифрового врядування в умовах воєнного стану
Authors: Скляр Ігор
Published: January 2025

Актуальність. Введений в Україні воєнний стан через повномасштабне вторгення докорінно змінив життя як громадян, так й інституцій. Враховуючи актуальність поточних умов й відсутність досвіду для вивчення чи наслідування дослідження розвитку цифрового врядування в умовах правового режиму воєнного стану є актуальним питанням наукового пошуку.
Метою статті є дослідження перебігу розвитку цифрового врядування в Україні в умовах повномасштабного вторгнення, визначення факторів успіху й потенційних точок зростання.
Результати. Було виявлено, що з початку дії режиму воєнного стану відбувся певний регрес у розвитку цифрового врядування через обмеження використання вже наявних цифрових послуг, а також зсув концепції із задоволення інтересів й потреб на забезпечення в першу чергу безпеки. Визначено, що цифровізація стала одним із інструментів подолання кризи в соціальній та економічній сферах, спричиненої повномасштабним вторгненням. Доведено, що використання технічних можливостей «Дії» для реєстрації внутрішньо переміщених осіб (ВПО) та надання відповідної допомоги їм та іншим категоріям постраждалих від бойових дій дозволило не допустити колапсу публічноуправлінської інфраструктури й зменшити рівень соціально-економічних шоків для громадян України. Водночас було виявлено, що забезпечення адресності допомоги, підвищення рівня цифрової грамотності й доступності необхідної інфраструктури є точками подальшого розвитку для відповідних програм.
Висновки. Повномасштабне вторгнення призвело до безпрецендентних втрат й потрясінь у життях людей, інфраструктурі, економічній й соціальних сферах, але в той же час війна не змінила загального напрямку розвитку цифрового врядування, а навіть пришвидшила його. Портал «Дія» саме в період воєнного стану став супердодатком, що сприяє ефективнішому виконанню функцій держави, а елементи цифровізації в традиціоналістичній військовій сфері мають позитивний вплив на національну безпеку.
„Sieger schreiben die Geschichte.“ Wirklich?
Authors: Kellerhoff Sven Felix
Published: January 2025

Der Beitrag versucht eine Antwort auf die Frage zu geben, ob der Geschichtsjournalismus das Ziel der Historischen Gerechtigkeit im Sinne im Sinne einer Revision vergangener Ereignisse und Entwicklungen mit dem Ziel, geschehenes Unrecht sichtbar zu machen, erreichen kann.
Frauen! Macht Geschichte!
Authors: Fiedler Gudrun
Published: January 2025

Mit der Entstehung der bürgerlichen Gesellschaft seit dem 18. Jahrhundert wurde der Mann als aktiver und gestaltender Bürger angesehen, die Frau hingegen in die Sphäre privater Häuslichkeit versetzt. Entsprechend befinden sich in den Archiven nur wenige Unterlagen zu weiblichen Akteurinnen, die zudem noch falsch interpretiert oder verzerrt erinnert werden. .So wird die als Mäzenin, Komponistin und Dichterin europaweit bekannte Gräfin Maria Aurora von Königsmarck (1662-1728, Besitz in Ostholstein) in den auflagenstarken Lexika des 19. Bis 21. Jahrhunderts . auf eine in ihrer Zeit nicht vorhandene bürgerliche Privatheit reduziert und nur als Tochter, Schwester und vor allem Mätresse Augusts des Starken beschrieben. Erst seit dem späten 20. Jahrhundert ist es Frauen gelungen, in der breiten (Internet-)Öffentlichkeit als selbstbewusste Akteurinnen aufzutreten und auf die Bedeutung weiblicher Lebensläufe hinzuweisen , so beispielsweise auf die Büdelsdorfer Unternehmerin Käte Ahlmann (1890–1963), die 1954 die Vereinigung von Unternehmerinnen gründete.
Water hyacinth biomass-based biochar: Preparation and characterizations for sustainable soil amendment
Authors: Johnson Jeyaraj Nittin , Sankararajan Vanitha
Published: January 2025

This study investigates the utilization of biochar (WHBC) from water hyacinth biomass (WHBM) for sustainable soil amendment to improve soil quality. WHBM and WHBC are prepared and characterized with thermogravimetric analysis (TGA). For that, physiochemical, proximate, ultimate, and elemental analyses are done and characterized by using X-ray diffraction (XRD), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), scanning electron microscope (SEM), and energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDAX) to identify the suitability of soil amendment. WH biomass is carbonized with a limited air supply in a muffle furnace, and the study found that 300–664 °C temperature is the optimum condition for producing biochar from TGA. XRD of WHBC displayed more crystallinity than WHBM. FTIR of WHBC showed higher carbon stability increment than WHBM. The SEM micrograph of WHBM showed that compact, and fibril structures and WHBC revealed macroscopic changes that can significantly improve the soil properties. EDAX analysis of WHBM and WHBC proved that various soil nutrients can be helpful for plant growth. The study shows that WHBM can be utilized as a soil quality amendment material by converting it to biochar and an effective material for carbon storage in soils.
Features of the neurological status of newborns from mothers with parvovirus B19 infection
Authors:   Bogomolets National Medical University, Kyiv, Ukraine, Bondarenko N.P. , Poladіch I.V. ,   Bogomolets National Medical University, Kyiv, Ukraine, Antonyuk M.I. ,   Bogomolets National Medical University, Kyiv, Ukraine,
Published: January 2025

To date, the issue of parvovirus B19 (B19V) infection in pregnant women and its impact on the fetus remains quite relevant. B19V is one of the causes of perinatal pathology, particularly non-immune fetal hydrops (NIFH), which can lead to intrauterine anemia, heart failure, and fetal death.
Aim - to investigate the neurological status of newborns who underwent intrauterine treatment for NIFH caused by B19V infection.
Materials and methods. A retrospective analysis of the medical histories of 32 pregnancies complicated by NIFH due to parvovirus B19 was conducted over the period 2022-2024 at the Perinatal Center in Kyiv. Intrauterine erythrocyte transfusions were performed on 11 fetuses with severe anemia. Neurological status was assessed using the HINE scale at 3 and 6 months of age.
Results. Survival after treatment reached 72.7%, while mortality without treatment was 100%. A favorable prognosis for future neurological disorders was noted in 62.5% of the children, while 37.5% showed a risk of impairments.
Conclusions. Intrauterine erythrocyte transfusions are effective in treating fetal anemia caused by B19V infection. However, neurological disorders remain possible, requiring continued follow-up of children after treatment.
The research was carried out in accordance with the principles of the Helsinki Declaration. The study protocol was approved by the Local Ethics Committee of the participating institution. The informed consent of the patient was obtained for conducting the studies.
The authors declare no conflict of interest.
A Mussel-Feast in the Charente-Maritime
Authors: Hanson Rosemary
Published: January 2025

In sending us this recipe, the author asks whether it is unique in that the mussels are cooked without any liquid. She also wonders whether anyone has come across it elsewhere, for example along the coast of Norfolk (England) where both pine forests and mussels are found ... 'it is such a felicitous way of using local materials and a particularly good holiday dish as there's no washing up, not even a cooking pot'.