bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
MEDAN DENTIST’S KNOWLEDGE LEVEL ABOUT ORAL SQUAMOUS CELL CARCINOMA ASSOCIATED HUMAN PAPILLOMAVIRUS
Authors: Hasibuan Sayuti , Rahma Sal Sabila Aulia , Rahma Sal Sabila Aulia , Rahma Sal Sabila Aulia
Published: July 2023

Introduction: Oral Squamous Cell carcinomas (OSCC) are still common, and one of the causes is the human papillomavirus (HPV). OSCC-associated HPV is often detected at an advanced stage due to the low knowledge of dentists about early detection. A good level of knowledge among dentists will help reduce the incidence of OSCC- associated HPV cases. This study aims to determine the level of knowledge of general dentists in Medan City regarding the role of HPV in OSCC, clinical aspects, prognosis, preventive measures for OSCC- associated HPV, and the availability of HPV vaccines in Indonesia. Method: This research is a descriptive study with a cross-sectional approach; the number of respondents is 99 general dentists in Medan City. The data was collected using an online questionnaire. Data analysis was carried out descriptively and calculated in terms of frequency and percentage through SPSS. Result: The results showed that among the 99 respondents, the level of knowledge about the role of HPV in OSCC was good (98%). The level of knowledge regarding the clinical aspects of OSCC-associated HPV is good (64.6%). The level of knowledge regarding the prognosis of OSCC-associated HPV is adequate (70.7%). The level of knowledge regarding OSCC- associated HPV preventive action is good (79.8%). The level of knowledge regarding the availability of the HPV vaccine in Indonesia is good (67.7%). Conclusion: Based on the results of the study, the level of knowledge of general dentists in Medan City about Oral Squamous Cell Carcinoma (OSCC) related to Human Papillomavirus (HPV) is good (66.7%).
Preparation strategy of hydrogel microsphere and its application in skin repair
Authors: Chi Honggang , Qiu Yunqi , Ye Xiaoqing , Shi Jielin , Li Ziyi
Published: July 2023

In recent years, hydrogel microsphere has attracted much attention due to its great potential in the field of skin repair. This paper reviewed the recent progress in the preparation strategy of hydrogel microsphere and its application in skin repair. In this review, several preparation methods of hydrogel microsphere were summarized in detail. In addition, the related research progress of hydrogel microspheres for skin repair was reviewed, and focused on the application of bioactive microspheres, antibacterial microspheres, hemostatic microspheres, and hydrogel microspheres as delivery platforms (hydrogel microspheres as a microcarrier of drugs, bioactive factors, or cells) in the field of skin repair. Finally, the limitations and future prospects of the development of hydrogel microspheres and its application in the field of skin repair were presented. It is hoped that this review can provide a valuable reference for the development of the preparation strategy of hydrogel microspheres and promote the application of hydrogel microspheres in skin repair.
The SIRT1-c-Myc axis in regulation of stem cells
Authors: Fan Wei , Li Xiaoling
Published: July 2023

SIRT1 is the most conserved mammalian NAD+-dependent protein deacetylase. Through deacetylation of transcriptional factors and co-factors, this protein modification enzyme is critically involved in metabolic and epigenetic regulation of stem cells, which is functionally important in maintaining their pluripotency and regulating their differentiation. C-Myc, a key member of Myc proton-oncogene family, is a pivotal factor for transcriptional regulation of genes that control acquisition and maintenance of stemness. Previous cancer research has revealed an intriguing positive feedback loop between SIRT1 and c-Myc that is crucial in tumorigenesis. Recent literature has uncovered important functions of this axis in regulation of maintenance and differentiation of stem cells, including pluripotent stem cells and cancer stem cells. This review highlights recent advances of the SIRT1-c-Myc axis in stem cells.
Validation of high-resolution satellite precipitation products over West Africa for rainfall monitoring and early warning
Authors: Houngnibo Mandela C. M. , Minoungou Bernard , Traore Seydou B. , Maidment Ross I. , Alhassane Agali , Ali Abdou
Published: July 2023

Satellite rainfall estimation products (SRPs) can help overcome the absence of rain gauge data to monitor rainfall-related risks and provide early warning. However, SRPs can be subject to several sources of errors and need to be validated before specific uses. In this study, a comprehensive validation of nine high spatial resolution SRPs (less than 10 km) was performed on monthly and dekadal time scales for the period 2001–2015 in West Africa. Both SRPs and reference data were remapped to a spatial resolution of 0.1 ° and the validation process was carried out on a grid scale, with 1,202 grids having at least one rain gauge throughout West Africa. Unconditional statistical metrics, such as mean absolute error, Pearson correlation, Kling-Gupta efficiency and relative bias, as well as the reproducibility of rainfall seasonality, were used to describe the agreement between SRPs and reference data. The PROMETHEE II multi-criteria decision analysis (MCDA) method was employed to rank SRPs by considering criteria encompassing both their intrinsic characteristics and performance metrics. Overall, IMERGv6-Final, MSWEPv2.2, RFE2, ARC2, and TAMSATv3.1, performed reasonably well, regardless of West African climate zones and rainy season period. Given the performances displayed by each of these SRPs, RFE2, ARC2, and MSWEPv2.2 would be suitable for drought monitoring. TAMSATv3.1, IMERGv6-Final, RFE2, ARC2, and MSWEPv2.2 are recommended for comprehensive basin water resources assessments. TAMSATv3.1 and MSWEPv2.2 would be of interest for the characterization of variability and long-term changes in precipitation. Finally, TAMSATv3.1, ARC2, and MSWEPv2.2, could be good alternatives to observed data as predictants in West African Regional Climate Outlook Forum (RCOF) process.
Observing secondary school teachers’ effective teaching behavior in the Netherlands, England, and the United States using the ICALT observation instrument
Authors: Maulana Ridwan , Kington Alison , Ko James , Feng Xiangyuan , Helms-Lorenz Michelle , Looker Benjamin , Hibbert-Mayne Kimberley , Blackmore Karen
Published: July 2023

Introduction

The purpose of this study was to examine measurement invariance in observer scoring of effective teaching behavior in three secondary education contexts–the Netherlands, England, and the United States. It also aimed to describe what effective teaching behavior looks like in secondary education across the three education contexts.

Methods

A uniform observation measure called International Comparative Analysis of Learning and Teaching (ICALT) was used to observe teachers.

Results

Results revealed that the hypothesized factor structure of effective teaching behavior was confirmed for the Dutch and English data, but not for the US data. Teachers in the Netherlands showed higher levels of more basic teaching behaviors, but lower levels of more complex teaching behaviors, compared to teachers in England.

Discussion

Implications of the findings are discussed.
Molecular mechanisms regulating natural menopause in the female ovary: a study based on transcriptomic data
Authors: Liu Quan , Wei Fangqin , Wang Jiannan , Liu Haiyan , Zhang Hua , Liu Min , Liu Kaili , Ye Zheng
Published: July 2023

Introduction

Natural menopause is an inevitable biological process with significant implications for women's health. However, the molecular mechanisms underlying menopause are not well understood. This study aimed to investigate the molecular and cellular changes occurring in the ovary before and after perimenopause.

Methods

Single-cell sequencing data from the GTEx V8 cohort (30-39: 14 individuals; 40-49: 37 individuals; 50-59: 61 individuals) and transcriptome sequencing data from ovarian tissue were analyzed. Seurat was used for single-cell sequencing data analysis, while harmony was employed for data integration. Cell differentiation trajectories were inferred using CytoTrace. CIBERSORTX assessed cell infiltration scores in ovarian tissue. WGCNA evaluated co-expression network characteristics in pre- and post-perimenopausal ovarian tissue. Functional enrichment analysis of co-expression modules was conducted using ClusterprofileR and Metascape. DESeq2 performed differential expression analysis. Master regulator analysis and signaling pathway activity analysis were carried out using MsViper and Progeny, respectively. Machine learning models were constructed using Orange3.

Results

We identified the differentiation trajectory of follicular cells in the ovary as ARID5B+ Granulosa -> JUN+ Granulosa -> KRT18+ Granulosa -> MT-CO2+ Granulosa -> GSTA1+ Granulosa -> HMGB1+ Granulosa. Genes driving Granulosa differentiation, including RBP1, TMSB10, SERPINE2, and TMSB4X, were enriched in ATP-dependent activity regulation pathways. Genes involved in maintaining the Granulosa state, such as DCN, ARID5B, EIF1, and HSP90AB1, were enriched in the response to unfolded protein and chaperone-mediated protein complex assembly pathways. Increased contents of terminally differentiated HMGB1+ Granulosa and GSTA1+ Granulosa were observed in the ovaries of individuals aged 50-69. Signaling pathway activity analysis indicated a gradual decrease in TGFb and MAPK pathway activity with menopause progression, while p53 pathway activity increased. Master regulator analysis revealed significant activation of transcription factors FOXR1, OTX2, MYBL2, HNF1A, and FOXN4 in the 30-39 age group, and GLI1, SMAD1, SMAD7, APP, and EGR1 in the 40-49 age group. Additionally, a diagnostic model based on 16 transcription factors (Logistic Regression L2) achieved reliable performance in determining ovarian status before and after perimenopause.

Conclusion

This study provides insights into the molecular and cellular mechanisms underlying natural menopause in the ovary. The findings contribute to our understanding of perimenopausal changes and offer a foundation for health management strategies for women during this transition.
Effect of gluten-free diet on autoimmune thyroiditis progression in patients with no symptoms or histology of celiac disease: a meta-analysis
Authors: Piticchio Tommaso , Frasca Francesco , Malandrino Pasqualino , Trimboli Pierpaolo , Carrubba Nunzia , Tumminia Andrea , Vinciguerra Federica , Frittitta Lucia
Published: July 2023

Background

Hashimoto’s thyroiditis (HT) is the most common autoimmune disease. HT may be associated with nonthyroidal autoimmune diseases, including celiac disease (CD) or other gluten-related conditions (GRC). In the last years, interest about gluten-free diet (GFD) has increased for its supposed extraintestinal anti-inflammatory effect; thus, many patients with HT initiate GFD on their own.

Objectives

The aim of this meta-analysis is to examine all available data in literature about the effect of a GFD on TgAb, TPOAb, TSH, FT4, and FT3 levels in patients with HT and no symptoms or histology of CD.

Methods

The study was conducted according to MOOSE (Meta-analysis Of Observational Studies in Epidemiology). The search was performed on databases PubMed and Scopus. The last search was performed on 7 February 2023. Quality assessment was performed. Meta-analyses were performed using the random-effect model. Hedges’ g was used to measure the effect size (ES). Statistical analyses were performed using StataSE 17.

Results

The online search retrieved 409 articles, and 4 studies with a total of 87 patients were finally included for quantitative analysis. The risk of bias was generally low. The mean period of GFD was almost 6 months. The meta-analyses showed reduction in antibody levels with ES: −0.39 for TgAb (95% CI: −0.81 to +0.02; p = 0.06; I² = 46.98%) and −0.40 for TPOAb (95% CI: −0.82 to +0.03; p = 0.07; I² = 47.58%). TSH showed a reduction with ES: −0.35 (95% CI: −0.64 to −0.05; p = 0.02; I² = 0%) and FT4 showed an increase with ES: +0.35% (95% CI: 0.06 to 0.64; p = 0.02; I² = 0%). FT3 did not display variations (ES: 0.05; 95% CI: −0.38 to +0.48; p = 0.82; I² = 51%). The heterogeneity of TgAb, TPOAb, and FT3 data was solved performing sub-analyses between patients with or without GRC (TgAb p = 0.02; TPOAb p = 0.02; FT3 p = 0.04) and only for FT3, performing a sub-analysis between patients taking and not taking LT4 (p = 0.03).

Conclusion

This is the first meta-analysis investigating the effect of GFD on HT. Our results seem to indicate a positive effect of the gluten deprivation on thyroid function and its inflammation, particularly in patients with HT and GRC. However, current lines of evidence are not yet sufficient to recommend this dietary approach to all patients with a diagnosis of HT.
The new histological system for the diagnosis of adrenocortical cancer
Authors: Urusova Liliya , Porubayeva Erika , Pachuashvili Nano , Elfimova Alina , Beltsevich Dmitry , Mokrysheva Natalia
Published: July 2023

Introduction

Adrenocortical cancer (ACC) is a rare malignant tumor that originates in the adrenal cortex. Despite extensive molecular-genetic, pathomorphological, and clinical research, assessing the malignant potential of adrenal neoplasms in clinical practice remains a daunting task in histological diagnosis. Although the Weiss score is the most prevalent method for diagnosing ACC, its limitations necessitate additional algorithms for specific histological variants. Unequal diagnostic value, subjectivity in evaluation, and interpretation challenges contribute to a gray zone where the reliable assessment of a tumor’s malignant potential is unattainable. In this study, we introduce a universal mathematical model for the differential diagnosis of all morphological types of ACC in adults.

Methods

This model was developed by analyzing a retrospective sample of data from 143 patients who underwent histological and immunohistochemical examinations of surgically removed adrenal neoplasms. Statistical analysis was carried out on Python 3.1 in the Google Colab environment. The cutting point was chosen according to Youden’s index. Scikit-learn 1.0.2 was used for building the multidimensional model for Python. Logistical regression analysis was executed with L1-regularization, which is an effective method for extracting the most significant features of the model.

Results

The new system we have developed is a diagnostically meaningful set of indicators that takes into account a smaller number of criteria from the currently used Weiss scale. To validate the obtained model, we divided the initial sample set into training and test sets in a 9:1 ratio, respectively. The diagnostic algorithm is highly accurate [overall accuracy 100% (95% CI: 96%-100%)].

Discussion

Our method involves determining eight diagnostically significant indicators that enable the calculation of ACC development probability using specified formulas. This approach may potentially enhance diagnostic precision and facilitate improved clinical outcomes in ACC management.
Inappropriate therapy of euvolemic hyponatremia, the most frequent type of hyponatremia in SARS-CoV-2 infection, is associated with increased mortality in COVID-19 patients
Authors: Pazos-Guerra Mario , Ruiz-Sánchez Jorge Gabriel , Pérez-Candel Xavier , López-Nevado Celia , Hernández-Olmeda Fernando , Cuesta-Hernández Martin , Martín-Sánchez Javier , Calle-Pascual Alfonso Luis , Runkle-de la Vega Isabelle
Published: July 2023

Introduction

Admission hyponatremia, frequent in patients hospitalized for COVID-19, has been associated with increased mortality. However, although euvolemic hyponatremia secondary to the Syndrome of Inappropriate Antidiuresis (SIAD) is the single most common cause of hyponatremia in community-acquired pneumonia (CAP), a thorough and rigorous assessment of the volemia of hyponatremic COVID-19 subjects has yet to be described. We sought to identify factors contributing to mortality and hospital length-of-stay (LOS) in hospitalized COVID-19 patients admitted with hyponatremia, taking volemia into account.

Method

Retrospective study of 247 patients admitted with COVID-19 to a tertiary hospital in Madrid, Spain from March 1st through March 30th, 2020, with a glycemia-corrected serum sodium level (SNa) < 135 mmol/L. Variables were collected at admission, at 2nd-3rd day of hospitalization, and ensuing days when hyponatremia persisted. Admission volemia (based on both physical and analytical parameters), therapy, and its adequacy as a function of volemia, were determined.

Results

Age: 68 years [56-81]; 39.9% were female. Median admission SNa was 133 mmol/L [131- 134]. Hyponatremia was mild (SNa 131-134 mmol/L) in 188/247 (76%). Volemia was available in 208/247 patients; 57.2% were euvolemic and the rest (42.8%) hypovolemic. Hyponatremia was left untreated in 154/247 (62.3%) patients. Admission therapy was not concordant with volemia in 43/84 (51.2%). In fact, the majority of treated euvolemic patients received incorrect therapy with isotonic saline (37/41, 90.2%), whereas hypovolemics did not (p=0.001). The latter showed higher mortality rates than those receiving adequate or no therapy (36.7% vs. 19% respectively, p=0.023). The administration of isotonic saline to euvolemic hyponatremic subjects was independently associated with an elevation of in-hospital mortality (Odds Ratio: 3.877, 95%; Confidence Interval: 1.25-12.03).

Conclusion

Hyponatremia in COVID-19 is predominantly euvolemic. Isotonic saline infusion therapy in euvolemic hyponatremic COVID-19 patients can lead to an increased mortality rate. Thus, an exhaustive and precise volemic assessment of the hyponatremic patient with CAP, particularly when due to COVID-19, is mandatory before instauration of therapy, even when hyponatremia is mild.
Green finance and foreign direct investment–environmental sustainability nexuses in emerging countries: new insights from the environmental Kuznets curve
Authors: Qadri Syed Usman , Shi Xiangyi , Rahman Saif ur , Anees Alvena , Ali Muhammad Sibt E. , Brancu Laura , Nayel Ahmad Nabi
Published: July 2023

The primary objective of the present study is to identify the asymmetric relationship between green finance, trade openness, and foreign direct investment with environmental sustainability. The existing research utilizes the asymmetric approach to evaluate annual data from 1980 to 2021. The findings of this study show heterogeneous results. Therefore, the outcomes of the study confirm the nonlinear (NARDL) association between the variables in Pakistan. Moreover, the study describes the positive shock of foreign direct investment (FDI) as a significant and positive relationship with environmental degradation, while the negative shock of FDI shows a negative and significant relationship with the environment. Furthermore, the study scrutinizes the positive shock of green finance as a significant and negative relationship with environmental degradation; the negative shocks also show a negative relationship with environmental degradation in Pakistan. In addition, the consequences of the study suggest that the government should implement taxes on foreign investment and that investors should use renewable energy to produce goods. Furthermore, the results suggest that the government should utilize fiscal policy and fiscal funds to enhance carbon-free projects. Moreover, green securities should be used for green technologies. However, Pakistan can control its carbon emissions and achieve the target of a sustainable environment. Therefore, Pakistan’s government should stabilize its financial markets and introduce carbon-free projects. Furthermore, the main quantitative achievement according to the outcomes suggests that policymakers make policies in which they suggest to the government to control foreign investment that causes carbon emissions because of trade openness and also invest the funds in renewable energy, which helps to control the carbon emissions.
Identifying global research and conservation priorities for Columbidae: a quantitative approach using random forest models
Authors: Cambrone Christopher , Jean-Pierre Aurélie , Bezault Etienne , Cézilly Frank
Published: July 2023

The family of Columbidae, including pigeons and doves, remains understudied despite their patrimonial value and high ecological and conservation relevance. Currently, 353 extant columbid species are listed in the IUCN red list, with about 20% of them being threatened with extinction. However, there has been little effort so far to synthetize the available information on factors influencing extinction risk and the allocation of research effort among columbid species. In this context, using random forest models, the present study aims at quantitatively assessing to what extent environmental, life history and socio-political factors may drive the extinction risk of pigeons and doves and explain differences in scientific attention among species. We found that high risk of extinction in columbids is associated with small historical range, exposure to invasive alien mammals and living in isolated islands and/or at low altitudes, while the probability of population decline is associated with species body size, surrounding human density and narrow habitat breadth. We also evidenced a large disparity between species or population extinction risk and scientific interest. Indeed, most of the studies on columbids have been conducted by scientists from North America and Western Europe on their local species, whereas species from biodiversity hotspots, which are more at risk of extinction, have comparatively received little attention. This unequal acquisition of knowledge creates gaps that deserve to be filled in order to have a good appreciation of extinction risk in columbids and associated threats, through fair transnational cooperation, academic training and regional coordination in conservation-oriented research on columbids.
Assessing the carbon footprint of soccer events through a lightweight CNN model utilizing transfer learning in the pursuit of carbon neutrality
Authors: Liu Zhewei , Guo Dayong
Published: July 2023

Introduction

Soccer events require a lot of energy, resulting in significant carbon emissions. To achieve carbon neutrality, it is crucial to reduce the cost and energy consumption of soccer events. However, current methods for cost minimization often have high equipment requirements, time-consuming training, and many parameters, making them unsuitable for real-world industrial scenarios. To address this issue, we propose a lightweight CNN model based on transfer learning to study cost minimization strategies for soccer events in a carbon-neutral context.

Methods

Our proposed lightweight CNN model uses a downsampling module based on the human brain for efficient information processing and a transfer learning-based module to speed up the training progress. We conducted experiments to evaluate the performance of our model and compared it with existing models in terms of the number of parameters and computation and recognition accuracy.

Results

The experimental results show that our proposed network model has significant advantages over existing models in terms of the number of parameters and computation while achieving higher recognition accuracy than conventional models. Our model effectively predicts soccer event data and proposes more reasonable strategies to optimize event costs and accelerate the realization of carbon neutral goals.

Discussion

Our proposed lightweight CNN model based on transfer learning is a promising method for studying cost minimization strategies for soccer events in a carbon-neutral context. The use of a downsampling module based on the human brain and a transfer learning-based module allows for more efficient information processing and faster training progress. The results of our experiments indicate that our model outperforms existing models and can effectively predict soccer event data and propose cost optimization strategies. Our model can contribute to the realization of carbon-neutral goals in the sports industry.
Emerald ash borer (Agrilus planipennis) infestation bioassays and metabolic profiles of green ash (Fraxinus pennsylvanica) provide evidence for an induced host defensive response to larval infestation
Authors: Stanley Robert K. , Carey David W. , Mason Mary E. , Doran Aletta , Wolf Julia , Otoo Kingsley Owusu , Poland Therese M. , Koch Jennifer L. , Jones A. Daniel , Romero-Severson Jeanne
Published: July 2023

Introduction

Larvae of the invasive emerald ash borer [EAB, Agrilus planipennis Fairmaire (Coleoptera: Buprestidae)], kill over 99% of green ash (Fraxinus pennsylvanica Marshall) trees they infest, yet a small percentage of green ash (“lingering ash”) survive years of heavy EAB attack. In the face of an ongoing invasion that threatens multiple North American Fraxinus species with extinction, any evidence for reproducible defensive responses in the native species merits investigation.

Methods

We evaluated the capacity of three families of green ash F1 progeny to kill EAB larvae when challenged in greenhouse studies by infestation with a uniform density of EAB eggs followed by dissection 8 weeks post-infestation and comparison of the host metabolomic profiles.

Results

The mean proportions of host-killed larvae in the two families of F1 progeny from lingering ash parents were significantly higher than that of host-killed larvae in the family of F1 progeny from susceptible ash parents (p < 0.001). Untargeted metabolomics comparing F1 progeny in the quartile with the highest percent host-killed larvae (HHK) to F1 progeny in the quartile with the lowest percent host-killed larvae (LHK) and to the uninfested F1 progeny within each family revealed evidence for induced biochemical responses to EAB. Infested trees produced significantly higher levels of select secoiridoids than uninfested trees, and LHK progeny produced significantly higher levels of select secoiridoids than the HHK progeny. HHK progeny produced significantly higher abundances of three metabolites annotated as aromatic alkaloids than the LHK and uninfested individuals.

Discussion

Based on these results, we hypothesize that green ash responds to EAB infestation. However, only certain trees have the genetic capacity to tailor a response that kills enough EAB larvae to prevent lethal damage to the vascular system. Rigorous tests of this hypothesis will require 15–20 years of additional crossing, phenotyping, and omics analyses. The results of this investigation will encourage the establishment and continuation of breeding programs that, in concert with biocontrol and management, could provide trees that slow, if not halt, the decimation of the Fraxinus gene pool. At the same time, ongoing work on host-insect interaction will contribute to our understanding of how forest trees recognize and defend themselves against phloem-feeding insects.
Balancing wildlife protection and wildfire threat mitigation using a network optimization approach
Authors: Yemshanov Denys , Dawe Denyse A. , Bakalarczyk Amanda , Liu Ning , Boulanger Yan , Boucher Jonathan , Beauchemin Alexandre , Arseneault Dominique , Leblond Mathieu , Parisien Marc-André
Published: July 2023

In boreal forests of North America, land managers often carry out preventive treatments of forest fuel for the protection of human infrastructure from wildfires. However, these treatments may negatively affect other ecosystem services, such as the capacity to sustain wildlife populations. Here, we examine the efficacy of a strategy aimed at preserving a critical movement corridor for boreal woodland caribou (Rangifer tarandus caribou) in northern Québec, Canada, by raising high-voltage power line conductors above the forest canopy. To assess the interplay between the caribou protection objectives and a reduction in power line's exposure to wildfires, we developed an optimization model that combines the objectives of protecting the power line from wildfires via fuel treatments and maintaining a suitable movement corridor for caribou. The model combines a critical node detection (CND) problem with a habitat connectivity problem that allocates a minimum-resistance fixed-width habitat corridor between isolated wildlife refuges. Our results identify the best locations to perform fire fuel treatments to lessen the threat of fire damage to human infrastructure while maintaining a connectivity corridor for caribou in present and future climate scenarios. The selected fuel treatment locations aimed to mitigate wildfire exposure to a power line. In small-budget solutions, the exposure of power line infrastructure to wildfires was reduced by 36–39% in current climate conditions and by 20–31% in future climate, compared with no-treatment scenarios. Despite the detrimental effects of wildfire on both the industrial asset and caribou habitat, the approach provides strategies that help achieve a compromise between these two values. Such knowledge is timely to help mitigate the negative impacts of climate change on human livelihoods and natural ecosystems.
Identification of prior dengue-naïve Dengvaxia recipients with an increased risk for symptomatic dengue during fever surveillance in the Philippines
Authors: Dai Yu-Ching , Sy Ava Kristy , Jiz Mario , Tsai Jih-Jin , Bato Joan , Quinoñes Mary Ann , Reyes Mary Anne Joy , Wang Wei-Kung
Published: July 2023

Introduction

Dengue virus (DENV) is the leading cause of mosquito-borne viral diseases in humans. Dengvaxia, the first licensed dengue vaccine, is recommended for DENV-seropositive individuals aged 9–45 years. In the Philippines, Dengvaxia was administered to more than 830,000 children without prior serological testing in 2016–2017. Subsequently, it was revealed that DENV-seronegative children who received Dengvaxia developed severe disease following breakthrough DENV infection. As a result, thousands of children participating in the mass vaccination campaign were at higher risk of severe dengue disease. It is vital that an assay that identifies baseline DENV-naïve Dengvaxia recipients be developed and validated. This would permit more frequent and extensive assessments and timely treatment of breakthrough DENV infections.

Methods

We evaluated the performance of a candidate assay, the DENV1–4 nonstructural protein 1 (NS1) IgG enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA), developed by the University of Hawaii (UH), using well-documented serum/plasma samples including those >20 years post-DENV infection, and tested samples from 199 study participants including 100 Dengvaxia recipients from the fever surveillance programs in the Philippines.

Results

The sensitivity and specificity of the assay were 96.6% and 99.4%, respectively, which are higher than those reported for pre-vaccination screening. A significantly higher rate of symptomatic breakthrough DENV infection was found among children that were DENV-naïve (10/23) than among those that were DENV-immune (7/53) when vaccinated with Dengvaxia (p=0.004, Fisher’s exact test), demonstrating the feasibility of the assay and algorithms in clinical practice.

Conclusion

The UH DENV1–4 NS1 IgG ELISA can determine baseline DENV serostatus among Dengvaxia recipients not only during non-acute dengue but also during breakthrough DENV infection, and has implications for assessing the long-term safety and effectiveness of Dengvaxia in the post-licensure period.
Spatial-temporal variability: characterisation of a beach system using high resolution radar data
Authors: Murphy James , Plater Andy , Bird Cai , Arribas-Bel Daniel
Published: July 2023

Intertidal areas experience a series of complex dynamic processes that affect beach morphology. Many of these processes are difficult to monitor, particularly due to the limited availability of high-resolution data. This study utilises high resolution radar-derived DEMs obtained through the temporal waterline method high resolution to perform a spatio-temporal analysis of beach morphology over the macrotidal nearshore of Rossall Beach, UK. Beach elevation changes are characterized, providing new insights into the morphological processes from fortnightly to seasonal time scales. The results of this analysis draw focus to the short-term variations in beach morphology and their contributions to long-term change. Observation of spatio-temporal variation displayed an intertidal system in a seasonal steady state equilibrium, somewhat dominated by elevation changes within the spring and summer months. Furthermore, the upper-intertidal zone displays evidence of continuing accretion. Though the analysis within this study is mostly explorative, it shows the potential of radar data for autonomous monitoring and spatio-temporal characterization of the coast. This enables coastal managers and stakeholders to build a long-term picture of the coastline, reducing vulnerability to coastal hazards and building resilience.
Positive effects of two decades of passive ecological restoration in a historically polluted marine site
Authors: Fanelli Emanuela , Dell’Anno Antonio , Nepote Ettore , Martire Marco Lo , Musco Luigi , Bianchelli Silvia , Gambi Cristina , Falco Pierpaolo , Memmola Francesco , Coluccelli Alessandro , Meola Martina , Varrella Stefano , Danovaro Roberto , Corinaldesi Cinzia
Published: July 2023

The Mediterranean Sea is one of the most exploited regions of the world’s oceans. Here industrial activities have determined either acute or long-term impacts on coastal marine ecosystems. In this study, we investigated macrofauna distribution and diversity, and food-web functioning in a coastal area of the Mediterranean Sea facing an industrial chemical plant abandoned in the ‘90s to assess benthic ecosystem health. This area has been identified as a Site of National Interest (SNI) since 2002 and has been closed to any human activity awaiting to be remediated according to national laws. Our results indicate that, two decades after the SNI declaration (a decade after the plant decommissioning), there is no longer any sign of the impact of historical contaminations on macrofauna and benthic food web functioning. Overall, all the thirty-six sites showed high/good ecological quality according to the score assigned by AMBI and M-AMBI indexes, reflecting the absence of chronic impacts. Our findings reveal, for the first time, the positive effects of passive restoration (i.e., unassisted, or spontaneous recovery following cessation of anthropogenic impacts) on historically impacted coastal ecosystems since their health conditions, in terms of both abiotic (environmental variables and contaminant concentration) and biotic (macrofauna diversity and community composition, and benthic food-web structure) factors, were indistinguishable from surrounding non-impacted areas. These findings also suggest that other effective area-based conservation measures (OECMs) could be useful not only for biodiversity conservation of vulnerable and priority habitats in larger ocean sectors but also to promote the passive recovery of historically contaminated ecosystems.
Spatio-temporal changes of coastline in Jiaozhou Bay from 1987 to 2022 based on optical and SAR data
Authors: Zhu Yuandong , Li Zhenjin , Zhao Zheng , Lu Lijun , Yang Shucheng , Wang Zhiyong
Published: July 2023

In the past 35 years, the natural coastline along Jiaozhou Bay has undergone extensive changes under the influence of human activities, and the coastal wetland area has been drastically reduced. Therefore, it is of great importance to study the spatio-temporal changes of the Jiaozhou Bay coastline, and their trends and causes, for sustainable economic development and the rational utilization of coastal resources. This paper constructed a comprehensive method for extracting the coastline information and change analysis based on long time series remote sensing data. Based on multi-spectral optical data and dual-polarization SAR data, the Normalized Difference Water Index (NDWI) and the Sentinel-1 Dual-polarized Water body Index (SDWI) combined with the Otsu threshold segmentation method were used to automatically extract the spatial distribution of coastline. The U-Net semantic segmentation model was used to classify the land cover types in the land direction of the coastline to count the coastline types. The End Point Rate (EPR) and Linear Regression Rate (LRR) were used to analyze the coastline changes, and the land reclamation was calculated according to the changing trends. The Pearson coefficient was used to study the reasons for the coastline changes. With an average time interval of 5 years, eight coastlines of Jiaozhou Bay in different years were extracted, and the coastline types were obtained. Then, the changes of the coastlines in Jiaozhou Bay from 1987 to 2022 were analyzed. The results show that: 1) Coastline type information provides important information for analyzing the coastline changes in long time series, and coastline information can be effectively extracted using multi-spectral optical data and dual-polarization SAR data. When the resolution of remote sensing data is 30m, the average error of the two types of data is better than one pixel, and the error between the data is about 1-2 pixels. 2) Based on the U-Net model, the overall accuracy of coastline classification using multi-spectral optical data and dual-polarization SAR data is 94.49% and 94.88%, respectively, with kappa coefficients of 0.9143 and 0.8949. 3) In the past 35 years, Jiaozhou Bay area has shown an obvious trend towards the ocean, with an average annual expansion of 16.723m. 4) The coastline of the Jiaozhou Bay area is dynamic. Due to the frequent human activities, the coastline has been reconstructed on a large scale, and the length of artificial coastline has increased significantly. The proportion of artificial coastline length has increased from 33.72% in 1987 to 59.33% in 2022. 5) In the past 35 years, the land reclamation area has reached 41.45km2, of which Shibei District, Licang District, and Huangdao District are the three most frequent areas, with an area of 34.62 km2.
Comparative efficacies of various corticosteroids for preventing postextubation stridor and reintubation: a systematic review and network meta-analysis
Authors: Feng I-Jung , Lin Jia-Wei , Lai Chih-Cheng , Cheng Kuo-Chen , Chen Chin-Ming , Chao Chien-Ming , Wang Ying-Ting , Chiang Shyh-Ren , Liao Kuang-Ming
Published: July 2023

Objectives

We assessed the efficacies of various corticosteroid treatments for preventing postexubation stridor and reintubation in mechanically ventilated adults with planned extubation.

Methods

We searched the Pubmed, Embase, the Cochrane databases and ClinicalTrial.gov registration for articles published through September 29, 2022. Only randomized controlled trials (RCTs) that compared the clinical efficacies of systemic corticosteroids and other therapeutics for preventing postextubation stridor and reintubation were included. The primary outcome was postextubation stridor and the secondary outcome was reintubation.

Results

The 11 assessed RCTs reported 4 nodes: methylprednisolone, dexamethasone, hydrocortisone, and placebo, which yielded 3 possible pairs for comparing the risks of post extubation stridor and 3 possible pairs for comparing the risks of reintubation. The risk of postextubation stridor was significantly lower in dexamethasone- and methylprednisolone-treated patients than in placebo-treated patients (dexamethasone: OR = 0.39; 95% CI = 0.22–0.70; methylprednisolone: OR = 0.22; 95% CI = 0.11–0.41). The risk of postextubation stridor was significantly lower in methylprednisolone-treated patients than in hydrocortisone-treated: OR = 0.24; 95% CI = 0.08–0.67) and dexamethasone-treated patients: OR = 0.55; 95% CI = 0.24–1.26). The risk of reintubation was significantly lower in dexamethasone- and methylprednisolone-treated patients than in placebo-treated patients: (dexamethasone: OR = 0.34; 95% CI = 0.13–0.85; methylprednisolone: OR = 0.42; 95% CI = 0.25–0.70). Cluster analysis showed that dexamethasone- and methylprednisolone-treated patients had the lowest risks of stridor and reintubation. Subgroup analyses of patients with positive cuff-leak tests showed similar results.

Conclusions

Methylprednisolone and dexamethasone were the most effective agents against postextubation stridor and reintubation.
Implementation of World Health Organization behaviorally anchored rating scale and checklist utilization: promising results for LMICs
Authors: Khalid Syed Yousaf , Sibghatullah Qazi Muhammad , Abdullah Muhammad Haroon , Farooq Omer , Ashraf Sandal , Ahmed Adeel , Arshad Ashhar , Nadeem Abdullah , Mumtaz Hassan , Saqib Muhammad
Published: July 2023

Background

Operating teams can decrease the likelihood of patient risk by using the WHO Surgical Safety Checklist. To ascertain the impact of demographic factors on behaviorally anchored ratings and investigate operating room (OR) staff attitudes toward checklist administration, we set out to better understand how OR personnel use the checklist in a tertiary care hospital in Pakistan.

Materials and methods

A monocentric sequential mixed-methods study employing a quantitative approach of using World Health Organization Behaviorally Anchored Rating Scale (WHOBARS) assessments of surgical cases by OR personnel and two independent observers, who were certified surgeons having extensive experience in the rating of the WHOBARS scale for more than 1 year, followed by a qualitative approach of staff interviews were carried out in a tertiary care setting. In June and July 2022, over the period of 8 weeks, an intervention (training delivery) was implemented and evaluated. The information, skills, and behavior adjustments required to apply the checklist were taught in the course using lectures, videos, small group breakouts, participant feedback, and simulations.

Results

After the introduction of WHOBARS, 50.81% of respondents reported always using the checklist, with another 30.81% using it in part. Participants' years in practice, hospital size, or surgical volume did not predict checklist use. Checklist use was associated with always counting instruments (51.08%), patient identity (67.83%), difficult intubation risk (39.72%), the risk of blood loss (51.08%), prophylactic administration of an antibiotic (52.43%), and the use of pulse oximeter (46.75%). Interviewees felt that the checklist could promote teamwork and a safe culture, particularly enabling speaking up. Senior staff were of key importance in setting the appropriate tone.

Conclusion

The use of a multi-disciplinary course for checklist implementation resulted in 50.81% of participants always using the checklist and an increase in counting surgical instruments. Successful checklist implementation was not predicted by the participant's length of medical service, hospital size, or surgical volume. If reproducible in other countries, widespread implementation in LMICs becomes a realistic possibility.
Insulin-like growth factor 1 predicts decompensation and long-term prognosis in patients with compensated cirrhosis
Authors: Saeki Chisato , Kanai Tomoya , Ueda Kaoru , Nakano Masanori , Oikawa Tsunekazu , Torisu Yuichi , Saruta Masayuki , Tsubota Akihito
Published: July 2023

Aim

Insulin-like growth factor 1 (IGF-1), which is primarily produced in hepatocytes and is associated with liver functional reserve, plays a crucial role in the pathological condition of cirrhosis. This study aimed to investigate the usefulness of serum IGF-1 levels for predicting the long-term prognosis and decompensation development in patients with cirrhosis.

Methods

We retrospectively evaluated 148 patients with cirrhosis and divided them into three groups according to baseline IGF-1 levels: low (L)-, intermediate (I)-, and high (H)-IGF-1 groups. The cumulative survival rates were compared among these groups in compensated and decompensated cirrhosis, respectively. Significant and independent factors associated with mortality and decompensation development were identified using Cox proportional hazards regression analysis.

Results

The median observation period was 57.1 (41.7–63.2) months. Thirty (20.3%) patients died of liver disease-related events and 21 (22.3%) patients with compensated cirrhosis developed decompensation. Multivariate analysis identified low serum IGF-1 levels as a significant and independent factor associated with mortality (all patients: hazard ratio [HR], 0.967; p = 0.004; patients with compensated cirrhosis: HR, 0.927; p = 0.002). The cumulative survival rates were significantly lower in the L-IGF-1 group than in the H-IGF-1 and I-IGF-1 groups (all patients: p < 0.001 and = 0.009; patients with compensated cirrhosis: p = 0.012 and 0.003, respectively). However, in decompensated cirrhosis, the cumulative survival rates demonstrated no significant differences among the three groups. The cumulative decompensation incidence rates were significantly higher in the L-IGF-1 group than in the H-IGF-1 and I-IGF-1 groups (p < 0.001 and = 0.009, respectively). Low serum IGF-1 levels were significantly and independently associated with decompensation development (HR, 0.939; p < 0.001).

Conclusion

Low serum IGF-1 levels were significantly and independently associated with decompensation development and poor long-term prognosis in patients with compensated cirrhosis. Therefore, IGF-1 may be useful for predicting decompensation-related events and should be regularly monitored in the management of compensated phase.
Metabolic challenges and key players in serpentinite-hosted microbial ecosystems
Authors: Popall Rabja Maria , Postec Anne , Lecoeuvre Aurélien , Quéméneur Marianne , Erauso Gaël
Published: July 2023

Serpentinite-hosted systems are amongst the most challenging environments for life on Earth. Serpentinization, a geochemical alteration of exposed ultramafic rock, produces hydrothermal fluids enriched in abiotically derived hydrogen (H2), methane (CH4), and small organic molecules. The hyperalkaline pH of these fluids poses a great challenge for metabolic energy and nutrient acquisition, curbing the cellular membrane potential and limiting electron acceptor, carbon, and phosphorous availability. Nevertheless, serpentinization supports the growth of diverse microbial communities whose metabolic make-up might shed light on the beginning of life on Earth and potentially elsewhere. Here, we outline current hypotheses on metabolic energy production, carbon fixation, and nutrient acquisition in serpentinizing environments. A taxonomic survey is performed for each important metabolic function, highlighting potential key players such as H2 and CH4 cycling Serpentinimonas, Hydrogenophaga, Methanobacteriales, Methanosarcinales, and novel candidate phyla. Methodological biases of the available data and future approaches are discussed.