bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Performance of imaging system at Reactor TRIGA Mark II PUSPATI
Authors: Yazid Khairiah , Abdullah Mohd Zaid , Mohamed Zin Muhammad Rawi , Jamro Rafhayudi , Murshidi Julie Andrianny , Idris Faridah Mohamad
Published: May 2020

The neutron radiography facility in TRIGA MARK II PUSPATI reactor (RTP) was successfully upgraded to obtain higher image quality as well as reducing exposure time. The major improvement is the implementation of a new neutron detector for neutron imaging. In this work, the implementation of a new neutron imaging system based on CCD camera and LiF/ZnS scintillator is presented. This article focuses on the qualitative and quantitative results obtained by using the new imaging system. The characteristics of this new imaging system were investigated in terms of spatial resolution.
Development of industrial single photon emission computed tomography (ISPECT)
Authors: Ithnin Hanafi , Mohamad Elmy Johana , Yusoff Nazrul Hizam , Hassan Hearie , Lip Norliana Mohd
Published: May 2020

Industrial single photon emission tomography system utilized the gamma-ray emission of radioactive tracer to images the cross-section of tracer distribution for industrial process monitoring and diagnosis. In this paper, 36 units of Sodium Iodide, NaI scintillation detectors were used to study flow in a pipelines. The detectors were arranged in two geometrical arrangement, a hexagon and nonagon configuration. The detectors are connected to three 12-channel gamma counter which is controlled by data acquisition and image reconstruction software developed for the system. The images from these two set-ups were also compared with single detector time-average system. Depending on the size of the pipeline used, i.e. for 36 detectors, the nonagon arrangement gives more information on the distribution of the tracer. Thus nonagon set-up is more suitable to be used for representing or demonstrating the image of the tracer distribution in the pipeline.
Development of data acquisition and control software for gamma-ray process tomography system
Authors: Yussup N , Rahman N A A , Ibrahim M M , Soh@Shaari S C , Saad N , Hassan H , Abdullah J
Published: May 2020

Data acquisition (DAQ) and control software has been developed for gamma-ray process tomography system in Malaysian Nuclear Agency. The gamma-ray computed tomography (CT) system uses Computer Automated Measurement and Control (CAMAC) standard for nuclear counting and data acquisition instead of the common Nuclear Instrumentation Module (NIM) standard. For scanning configuration, the system consists of an array of NaI(Tl) scintillation detectors that moves in a small degree of angle by using a stepper motor. The gamma-ray CT software comprises of graphical user interface (GUI) for the system automation that includes CAMAC modules setup, motor and scanning control, data acquisition from CAMAC crate controller via ethernet interface and data recording. The software is developed by using National Instruments LabView development package.
Preliminary study to determine the maximum settling velocity and model parameter of Cu nanoparticle by settling method
Authors: Azman Azraf , Yusoff Mohd Zamri , Hassan Mohd Zaid , Yazid Hafizal , Gunnasegaran Prem , Ng KC
Published: May 2020

Nanoparticle suspensions also known as nanofluids are often polydisperse and tend to settle with time. Its settling process is very challenging and quite complexs to understand. In this study, Copper (Cu)nanoparticles were dispersed in base fluid (water) and the settling behaviour were examined to obtain the settlement parameter. A series of experiments adopted from sludge settling methods were conducted and the results were analysed. Based on the experiments, the settling curve was successfully established.
Ion irradiation-induced the radiation hardening in Fe and Fe-0.3Si alloys
Authors: Tom Phongsakorn Prak , Murakami Kenta , Nhut Luu Vu
Published: May 2020

Depth profile of Helium irradiation effects in reactor pressure vessel (RPV) model material is identified using a nano-indentation technique in order to develop a new methodology to clarify the solute-vacancy interaction. 2 MeV He ion was irradiated in pure iron at room temperature with and without an energy degrator. The indentation hardness was measured by nanoindentation changing the load at 9 levels. Hardening in irradiated materials was clearly observed in all indentation loads as well as the well-known indentation size effect. It was interesting that the significant increase of hardness was recognized at 0.8 μm depth, which is corresponding to the obstacle of deformation at 3˜4 μm depth, that would be the cause of helium implantation. Furthermore, dose effects on 3MeV Si irradiated RPV model materials were confirmed.
Automatic winder shielding materials focused on shape of the shielding using Monte Carlo N-particle
Authors: Ikhsan Mohamed Mohd Noorul , Nashrumillah Idris Nuri ‘Adilah , Abdul Majid Nur Solehah
Published: May 2020

Automatic winder is a device that can be controlled using a remote controller which can be operated from a distance. It is equipped with electronic component like battery, raspberry pi and mechanical component such as gear, motor, and drive cable. This device will be used to perform radiographic testing which highly exposed to the gamma radiation. Front surface of the automatic winder is an area that receive high dose rate, thus proper shielding needs to be considered to protect component inside the automatic winder. In this study, two type of shapes were selected to be installed at the front surface of the winder housing. By using Monte Carlo N-Particle, increase the thickness of depleted Uranium from 1 mm, 3 mm, 5 mm, 7mm, 9 mm and 11 mm will reduce the dose rate received to the automatic winder. When comparing the shape, it shows that hemisphere shape gives better shielding compared with rectangular shielding.
Effects of natural rubber latex fraction to glycidyl methacrylate on grafting polymerization and its application as Th4+ and UO2
2+ ions bio adsorbent
Authors: Jaffary Nurrul Assyikeen Md. , Mohamed Nor Hasimah , Siong Khoo Kok , Ibrahim Sofian bin , Syuhada Bt Hamdan Siti Nor , Binti Ungku Azly Ungku Aida Farzana , Fadzil Syazwani Mohd
Published: May 2020

Natural rubber (NR) latex was modified by in situ gamma radiation-induced grafting copolymerization of glycidyl methacrylate (GMA). NR latex to GMA emulsion ratio of 100:0, 50:50, 40:60, 30:70 and 20:80 have been investigated at the absorbed dose of 150kGy. The grafted GMA natural rubber-based follow the subsequent chemical modification to anchor phosphate group by open up the epoxy ring. The modified NR was characterized by Fourier transform infrared. Demonstration of modified NR on Th4+ and UO2
2+ ions adsorption in 25ml of 10ppm standard solution gave 95% and 28% percentage removal respectively.
Effect of low dose gamma irradiation on the tensile and thermal properties of natural rubber-based blend
Authors: Lazim N H , Shamsudin S A
Published: May 2020

Natural rubber (NR) is a renewable natural resource that has been utilized in many applications. Due to its low tensile strength, NR is commonly blended with another polymer to improve the properties of NR. However, most of the blended NR has miscibility issue, leading to poor mechanical properties. Gamma irradiation (GR) is a safe and green alternative than conventional chemical method for inducing crosslinking in blended NR. This study was aimed at investigating the mechanical and thermal properties of NR/liquid natural rubber/polystyrene-block-polyisoprene block copolymer (NR/LNR/PS-b-PI) blend using GR method. The polymer blend is prepared according to the ratio of NR:LNR:PS-b-PI of 6:1:3 using an internal mixer. The NR/LNR/PS-b-PI blends are irradiated with gamma ray at doses of 0, 5, 6, 7, 8 and 9 kGy. Tensile and thermal tests are conducted to evaluate the properties of unirradiated and irradiated polymer blend. The tensile strength and modulus of the irradiated blend are increased with increasing irradiation dose before decrease at 9 kGy. Lower melting point of blend indicates that PS-b-PI are compatible in NR/LNR blend. The improvement in tensile properties of irradiated NR/LNR/PS-b-PI blend is related to the radiation-induced crosslinking.
Determination of WUBHS speed range for electron beam irradiation of wire and cable
Authors: Hairaldin Siti Zulaiha , Baharin Ruzalina , Mansur Shahrina Akma , Jusoh @ Yusoff Mohd Suhaimi , Mohd Zainal Mohamad Zulhailmee , Ali Azmi
Published: May 2020

The electron beam machine was installed in 1991 at Nuclear Malaysia Agency. There are about one million meters of wire and cable irradiated in the facility every year. Electron beam irradiation introduces to crosslink the polymer material for high-performance wire and cable for the automobile industry. ALURTRON is facing few challenges while of irradiating wire and cable to determine the speed and to comply with the product quality (QC) test. The uncertainty of Wire Under Beam Handling System (WUBHS) speeds while irradiating wire and cable due to different situations. In this study, Polyethylene (PE) and Polyvinylchloride (PVC) wire and cable irradiated with electron beam irradiation at suitable speed based on the material, size and calculation etc. The sample analyse with hot set and gel content test. The speed decided at range 220-232, 180-196 and 180-194 m/min for 6.4 mm tube, 9.5 mm tube and PVC wire respectively.
Preliminary study of prompt gamma neutron activation analysis for Melamine
Authors: Izwan Ishak Muhamad Noor , Sipaun Susan Maria , Dahing Normanshah , Hassan Haerie , Abdullah Nurliyana
Published: May 2020

Prompt gamma neutron activation (PGNA) technique can be applied for detecting explosives in hidden places by using spontaneous fission source 252Cf source or neutron generator that emits thermal and cold neutrons. Some of emitted neutrons will be captured by nuclei and results in production of prompt gamma rays. Explosive materials can be identified by observing prompt gamma energy spectrum using high purity germanium (HPGe) detector. Gamma energy peaks indicate the presence of corresponding explosive nuclei in scanned materials. This paper describes the experiments conducted to investigate the possibility of explosive detection by using PGNA with 241Am/Be neutron source and limitations that come with it.
Development on advanced electrophoretic deposition system for fabrication and processing of irradiated hybrid nanocomposites
Authors: Ali Mohd Roslie , Razali Meor Yahaya , Harun Mohd Hamzah , Mohd On Ahmad Zuhdi , Muhd Sayuti Muhammad Hazim , Abdul Halim Khairul Azhar
Published: May 2020

Electrophoretic deposition (EPD) is attracting increasing interest as a materials processing technique for a wide range of technical applications. This technique enables the production of unique microstructures and nanostructures as well as novel and complex material combinations such as hybrid nanocomposites, in a variety of macroscopic shapes, dimensions and arrangements starting from micron-sized or nanosized particles. In the standard EPD process (lab scale), two electrodes, the working electrode (substrate material) and the counter electrode are immersed in a suspension. In pilot scale, the fully automated system consists suspension compartment with ultrasonic transducer, electrodes in-line system, programmable AC/DC power supply, washing system, drying/annealing system and others. The advantages of EPD are rather simple equipment, the flexibility in substrate shape/dimension and coating materials choice as well as the ability to easily control the homogeneity and thickness of the coatings. Pilot scale deposition facilities or the advanced EPD system, involves semi-automatic operation with accurate deposit thickness control. This promising technique is a better choice than other techniques which are more expensive, less efficient and harmful to environment. The hybrid nanocomposites have been proven to exhibit superior properties than the conventional materials. To make full use of the properties derived from particles, it is important to control the arrangement of particles with high packing density in hybrid nanocomposites. The Ultrasonic irradiation assisted in this system has been found to enable desired particle arrangement and packing density with various shapes. Besides, with the implementation of Gamma irradiation (Pretreatment) as replacement for chemical treatment and EB irradiation for enhancement of conductivity and uniformity of the coatings (Post treatment) can distribute efficiently. It is expected that the system is enable to be employed in variety functions and applications. This paper will discuss the development of the system, the advantages and the relevancy of this system in variety applications.
Polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) based bolus material for high energy photons and electrons
Authors: Okoh Franca Ujah , Mohd Yusof Mohd Fahmi , Abdullah Reduan , Kabir Norlaili Ahmad
Published: May 2020

The study focused on the use of fabricated bolus materials based on the polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) to increase the surface dose on high energy photons and electrons. The PVA based bolus materials were fabricated at 2.5, 5, 7.5 and 10% PVA in water at target density of 1.0 g/cm3. The PVA based boluses were scanned by using the computed tomography (CT) scanner along with the solid water phantoms. The percentage depth (PDD) dose of the solid water phantoms and the PVA based bolus materials were measured by using the treatment planning software (TPS) at 6 and 10 MV photons and 6 and 9 MeV electrons. The PDD curved obtained were compared to that of the standard bolus material and the surface dose were measured. The results showed that the PDD curves of solid water phantoms with PVA based bolus materials were consistent with that in standard bolus material within 1.4% percentage of difference for both 6 and 10 MV photons and within 2.9 and 1.4% percentage of differences in 6 and 9 MeV electrons respectively. The increment of surface dose in PVA based bolus materials were in excellent agreement to the standard bolus material and the percentage of PVA did not significantly affect the surface dose. The overall results showed the potential use of the PVA to be used as bolus material for clinical photons and electrons.
X-ray diffraction method to identify epithelial to mesenchymal transition in breast cancer tissue
Authors: Alsharif A M , Abdul Sani S F , Moradi F
Published: May 2020

Breast Stromal tissue is significantly involved in the spread of cancer because of molecular variations. The main component, collagen, has a spatial arrangement allowing the investigation of its structural patterns in tissues by X-ray diffraction (XRD). Since detection and classification of tumor type and stage from the pathological examinations is a laborious task that additionally does not allow cancer detection in the early stages, development of new tools to improve the diagnostic power of pathologists is still needed. In this study, the potential used of XRD tecniques as one of the method for early detection of breast cancer was done. Four pathological cancerous breast tissue samples were taken from four different patients; where two samples are with epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (P-EMT) and two samples are without epithelial to mesenchymal transition (N-EMT). The latter was incorporated at an angle interval of 10° to 80° to obtain interference diffraction pattern of XRD of human malignant tissues. This was done to determine molecular structure changes of collagen fiber within the tissue and their potential relation to the changes in cancerous tissue toward metastasis. The results showed that the momentum transfer values for the first region of N-EMT, P-EMT cancerous tissue are not significantly different for both cancerous breast tissue types, being at 1.61 ± 1.74 nm−1. The average peaks of the second region were determined for N-EMT at 3.4 ± 3.5 nm−1 and P-EMT at 3.6 ± 3.7 nm− which is attributed to water content of the tissues, due to the greater intensity of the P-EMT compared to that of N-EMT. Principal component analysis (PCA) used to confirm statistical appropriateness of the results, showed a normal distribution within 95% confidence level. P-EMT clusters have a larger number of scatter plots compared to N-EMT, which indicates a higher similarity between P-EMT samples than between N-EMT samples, thus confirming the difference between positive and negative-EMT clusters. The curent analysis can differentiate XRD features and thus confirms its effectiveness in detecting the molecular correlation of abnormal collagen fiber structure within epithelial change, and is useful for early diagnosis even case of dense breasts.
Validation of in-house algorithm for SPECT-CT 3D segmentation and high-accuracy cancer internal dosimetry protocol
Authors: Ngali M Z , Lawrence K Y H , Masud M A , Aminudin M S , Salihatun M S , Ishkrizat T
Published: May 2020

Tumour volume measurement requires physicist to perform manual delineation for every slice of 2D image produced by SPECT-CT to obtain the total number of pixel of abnormal activities. The total number of pixel is multiplied with spatial resolution of each pixel and thickness between each slice. Physicist delineate abnormal activities of tumour subjectively which lead to inconsistent accuracy of the measured volume. Manual delineation process requires high consumption of time and effort. This work is aimed to verify and validate an in-house developed algorithm that capable of numerically quantify the tumour volume. The results were compared with the actual and manually calculated volume of Phantom Body, scanned with SPECT-CT apparatus. The algorithm verification is performed by comparing the algorithm structure and preliminary results with previous works. The data for validation were obtained by conducting experiment with NEMA-IEC body phantom and Iodine-131. The algorithm structure and outcome were comparable with previous works with slight modification. The algorithm measured volume is 26.9579 cm3 which is only 1.6% error as compared to the actual tumour volume of 26.521 cm3. The algorithm is expected to be used for actual patient data in the near future once sufficient verification and validation procedures are achieved.
Evaluation of contrast and recovery coefficients as performance parameters in planar and SPECT imaging
Authors: Mohd Yusof Mohd Fahmi , Ab Ghani Ummi Solehah , Ghazali Nor Amalyna , Khaizul Ahmad Thaifur , Idris Abdullah Waidi
Published: May 2020

The study focused on the performance evaluation of the gamma camera on the planar and SPECT imaging mode in nuclear medicine imaging. Several parameters were studied including the partial volume effect, contrast evaluation at different radiopharmaceutical size of localizations and the recovery coefficients. The localizations of Technetium-99m (99mTc) radionuclide were achieved by using Perspex® vials with different diameter sizes between 1.3 and 3.5 cm in a Jaszczak phantoms filled with water. The images were obtained in both planar and SPECT modes. The contrast in planar images showed no significant change when different activity of radionuclide was used. The contrast in SPECT images showed that the higher contrasts were achieved when higher time of projection used when lower activity of 99mTc were used. The contrast at higher 99mTc activity however was the highest when lower time of projection was used. The recovery coefficient in planar images showed a linear relationship to the size of radionuclide localizations and did not significantly affect the activity of the radionuclide. The recovery coefficient of SPECT images however were significantly affected by activity of the radionuclide. The recovery coefficient in SPECT increased dramatically when higher activity of the radionuclide was used. The overall results showed that the measurement of contrast and recovery coefficient can be used as performance parameters for both the planar and SPECT imaging in nuclear medicine.
Risk analysis and hazard identification at ALURTRON and MINTec-Sinagama
Authors: Baharin Ruzalina , Ramli Syuhada , Hairaldin Siti Zulaiha , Ahmad Rohaizah
Published: May 2020

Risk Management is part of the operational element in an organization to manage their directives towards risks surrounding them. It assists the organization to identify, evaluate and prioritize the risks through risk analysis. The main objective of this work is to identify risk from hazards involved in the work place, so that control measures can be put in place to avoid or minimise the harm it can cause. The risks include hazards from radiation, chemical, biological, physical as well as ergonomic factors. Hazard identification was carried out at two radiation facilities in Malaysian Nuclear Agency that involved radiation safety. ALURTRON and MINTec-Sinagama provide radiation services to commercial industries as well as for R&D purposes. In this paper, every section in risk analysis and hazard identification are discussed.
ReDICS: 5 years’ operation experiences and its technology
Authors: Joha Nurfarhana Ayuni , Minhat Mohd Sabri , Abdul Manan Mohd Khairulezwan , Abdul Jalil Khan Zareen Khan , Mutalib Ridzuan Abdul , Abdul Muh. Kasim
Published: May 2020

PUSPATI TRIGA Reactor (RTP) is the one and only 1MW research reactor in Malaysia that has been operating since 1982. RTP is used for radioisotope production, various R&D activities and operator training. After more than 3 decades of operations with an analog system, the control console is upgraded into a digital system. Reactor Digital Instrumentation and Control System (ReDICS) is designed, fabricated, manufactured, installed, tested and eventually commissioned in 2014. ReDICS mainly consists of Reactor Protection System (RPS), Operator Work Station (OWS), Data Acquisition and Control System (DACS) and Control Rod Drive Mechanism (CRDM). This paper shares the experiences and performance status throughout the 5 years of ReDICS operation after its commissioning. Besides, technical and operational data of ReDICS are presented and then compared with the old analog I&C system. This paper also describes the instrumentation and measurement technologies in ReDICS as well as the work performed to ensure ReDICS is always functioning at its best and safely.
Thermal insulation ceramic material by using coal combustion waste fly ash and waste glass with medicinal phytochemical repellent
Authors: Sahoo Saroja Kumar , Shrivastava Umakant , Khan Mohammad Ziyauddin
Published: May 2020

Toreduce in environmental load from pollution after primary using of various products (waste product), which is supporting to secondary utilization in preparation of thermal insulation materials using coal fly ash (40-60%), siliceous glass material(30-55%), some phytochemical medicinal additives and (2-8%) cellulose. We know that thermal energy is effective for nature. By the scientific ideas and methods ‘energy’ has been presenting a greatest continuous chainthat frequently more economical to transforms the various form of ceramic materials. The capability of ceramic material such as “tiles”, cooking utensil, crucible etc chosen the better quality for treatment of heat insulation materials based on waste coal combustion of fly ash with waste glass and regular active form of adding medicinal organic adsorbates. In heretheorganic medicinal additives acts as reducing over materials from harmful diseases of microbial. It is favor for developing to high response to health care purposing. Over the materials, thermal activitydepends on some factors such as chemical composition of substances. From this typical point, the Fly Ash and Waste Glass reduce the flow of heat. To testing after preparation of materials as water absorption in boiling and cold water acts with (4-5) days. By the thermal treatment, the material individually acts as (700-1000)˚C. The mechanical durability with other physical and chemical properties for this material is supporting with environmental parameters.
Preparation and characterization of amphiphilic polymer coating for marine biofouling control
Authors: Mahto Lokeshwar , Pal Dharm
Published: May 2020

Biofouling is a major issue prevalent in marine industry resulting in losses in billions of dollars for repairing and maintenance. Coatings developed to tackle marine biofouling are either toxic towards environment or have shorter lifespan. Amphiphilic block copolymer coatings have gained wide attention recently to mitigate biofouling. In this work, performance of synthesized coating towards biofouling was studied. Hydroxyl terminated polydimethylsiloxane as hydrophobic and chitosan as hydrophilic moiety was used to synthesize the amphiphilic coating. Characterization of the prepared coating using Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) showed heterogeneous microstructure. Antifouling performance using egg white as the protein testing probe was done as it simulates the adhesives used by biofouling organism. Resistance to protein adhesion was seen on the surface of the coating. So, the developed environmental-friendly coating can be used effectively for the mitigation of marine biofouling.
Luminescent characterization of CaMgSiO4:Dy3+phosphor for white light emitting diodes
Authors: Verma B R , Baghel R N , Bisen D P , Brahme N , Khare A
Published: May 2020

Different concentration of Dy3+ doped calcium magnesium silicate (CMS) phosphors are synthesized via solid state synthesis (SSS) method at high temperature. The structural properties are analyzed by X-ray diffraction (XRD). The surface microstructures are confirmed by scanning electron microscopy (SEM)and energy dispersive X-ray (EDX) spectra. The vibrational properties of the synthesized phosphor are carried out using fourier transform infrared (FT-IR) spectra. The luminescence properties are explained in terms of photoluminescence (PL) and thermoluminescence (TL) characteristics. The PL spectra showed maximum emission intensity peaking at 484 and 578 nm, which are attributed to the 4F9/2 → 6H15/2 and4F9/2 → 6H13/2 transitions of Dy3+ ion respectively. The PL properties of the prepared phosphors are carried out at room temperature. The maximum PL intensity occurs at 0.5 mol% of doping concentrationof Dy3+ ions due to concentration quenching. The glow peak and TL parameters of the prepared phosphors are computed by means of peak shape method. The CIE color co-ordinates are originated (x= 0.3263, y= 0.3451) and correlated color temperature (CCT) are determined to be 5769 K. The results indicate that the prepared phosphor produces cool light in the white region.
Synthesis and luminescence behavior of Ba2SiO4:Dy3+ phosphors in presence of charge compensator ions
Authors: Banjare Ganesh Ram , Bisen D.P. , Brahme N. , Belodhiya Chitrkant , Upadhyay A.K.
Published: May 2020

A series of dysprosium (Dy3+) doped barium ortho-silicate (Ba2SiO4) phosphors were synthesized by conventional Solid State reaction technique. In order to find out the phase purity and crystal structure, characterization of the prepared powder samples was done by X-ray diffraction (XRD) method. FTIR method confirms the presence of all elemental compositions. Photoluminescence (PL) properties were studied. The PL spectra was observed to study the effect of concentration of Dy3+ ion and it is found that the prepared phosphors show two strong emission peaks in the blue and yellow region at 478 nm and 573 nm, respectively, when excited by the near-ultraviolet (UV) of wavelength 348 nm. The critical distance between the Dy3+ ions was calculated using Blasse’s equation. Effect of monovalent ion K+ was examined as a charge compensator ion and observed that co-doping of charge compensator ion enhances the luminescence intensity. Chromaticity coordinates of the phosphor are found near to white light region, which confirms their applicability in solid state lighting applications; especially in white-LEDs.
Development of ZnS:Mn mechanoluminescent film for impact sensor
Authors: Jha Piyush , Khare Ayush
Published: May 2020

This paper reports the elastico-Mechanoluminescence (EML) induced by the impact of a steel ball onto the composite film of ZnS:Mn phosphor. The film is prepared by pasting the mixture of ZnS:Mn phosphor and optical resin on polycarbonate substrate. The EML induced by impulsive excitation using a steel ball has been measured. The ML intensity linearly increases with square of impact velocity of the steel ball. The tm(temperature corresponding to maximum ML intensity) does not change with increasing impact velocity. The ML intensity is observed to recover after every impact of steel ball (height of fall = 20 cm) and does not require any irradiation. The outcome of present investigation is expected to be useful in extracting information about ML when a projectile with small contact area, such as steel ball makes an impact on the ML sensitive composite film.
A study on the structure-property relationship of microwave irradiated Sunn Hemp fiber reinforced polymer composite
Authors: Dash Chinmayee , Bisoyi Dillip Kumar
Published: May 2020

The current investigation has been performed on the microwave irradiated plant-derived cellulosic Sunn Hemp fiber and its composites. The fibers are pretreated by microwave irradiation at a power of 160 watts with different exposure times (2, 4, 6 and 8 minutes). The significant change in fiber and hence composite due to microwave treatment are characterized both in structural and mechanical property. A reasonable increment in cellulose crystallinity with crystallite size, rough surface with fine fibrillation in fiber may lead to improve the mechanical strength in the composite for 4min treatment. The macromolecular structure of the fiber is unaltered by the microwave radiation as indicated by Fourier Transmission Infrared Spectra.
Microbial-induced phase transition of GeO2 and its study by XRD and Raman spectrum
Authors: Golhani D K , Gopal Krishna B , Jagannadha Rao M , Khare Ayush
Published: May 2020

In this paper, we report the formation of germanium dioxide nanoparticles obtained from the action of certain microbes on Germanium crystal under low magnetic field at ambient temperature. The atomic oxygen is chemisorbed in the presence of catalyst by forming GeO2. The evolution of the Germanium dioxide from Germanium and microbes-induced phase transitions in GeO2 is studied by the means of X-ray diffraction method and Raman spectroscopy. The formation of GeO2 from Germanium is also prone to surface oxidation which may compromise surface sensitive measurements. The X-ray diffraction method is not sensitive to anharmonicity-induced dynamical effects due to which there would be a lack of clarity about the phases and transitions intervening in the phase transition of GeO2. The detection of phase transition of GeO2 was being studied by broadening and shifts of diffraction angle in X-ray diffraction. Raman scattering establish the microbial induced phase transitions and identify phases of germanium oxide. The detection of phase transition was being studied by substantial broadening and softening of Raman modes as to identify the transition regions and possible intermediate phases.
Effect of annealing on structural, morphological and optical properties of CdTe/(Cd-Zn)S thin films
Authors: Lilhare Devjyoti , Khare Ayush
Published: May 2020

Here, we present the results of an investigation on structural, morphological and optical properties of CdTe/(Cd-Zn)S films deposited on FTO substrate through electrodeposition technique for solar cell application. The deposited films were heat-treated in the presence of CdCl2 for the recrystallization. Various techniques, such as X-ray diffraction (XRD), field emission scanning electron microscopy (FESEM), high-resolution transmission electron microscopy (HRTEM), optical studies (absorption, transmission, band-gap and photoluminescence studies) were employed to examine the structural, morphological and optical properties. XRD spectra show the preferential orientation (111) in CdTe films. Uniform and bounded grains are observed upon annealing of the films. The changes in CdTe film were attributed to nucleation of the CdTe grains during the CdCl2 treatment. The band-gap (Eg) value for CdTe estimated from absorption spectra and corresponding Tauc’s plots comes to be ~1.50eV. Summary of results suggests that the annealing of different component films is helpful in improving solar cell performance.
Green and chemically synthesized ZnO nanoparticles: A comparative study
Authors: Upadhyay P K , Jain Vikas Kumar , Sharma Shashank , Shrivastav A K , Sharma Ravi
Published: May 2020

Green synthesis of ZnO nanoparticles using plant extract is an alternative method to traditional chemical synthesis method. In the present work, we report the synthesis of zinc oxide nanoparticles (ZnO) synthesized by two methods, first by green synthesis by using zinc acetate and leaves extract of Ocimum Tenuiflorum (Tulsi leaves) and secondly by chemical route method using organic capping agent. The effect of synthesis methods on structural, optical, and photoluminescence property of ZnO nanoparticle were analyzed. Formation of zinc oxide nanoparticles has been confirmed by UV-Visible absorption spectroscopy, X-ray diffraction (XRD), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), and Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM). The Scanning Electron Microscope reveals non spherical morphology of nanoparticles. The particle sizes of nanoparticles were calculated experimentally using XRD and SEM. The particle size measured by XRD pattern was found to be 63nm for chemically synthesized ZnO and 38nm for ZnO sample prepared by green synthesis. SEM images showed interesting flower like structure and agglomeration of nanoparticles. The blue-shift in absorption spectra was observed with reducing size of the nanoparticles. The FTIR spectra inferred that the stabilizing agent passivated the surface of the particles. The PL spectra showed blue shift for the sample prepared by green synthesis. The results suggest that ZnO sample synthesized be green route is better in comparison to the chemically synthesized samples.
Role of polarization electric field on thermal conductivity of GaN/In0.9Ga0.1N/GaN superlattices
Authors: Sahu Subhranshu Sekhar , Sahoo Bijay Kumar
Published: May 2020

Enhancement in thermoelectric efficiency of GaN/In0.9Ga0.1N/GaN superlattice (SL) needs higher electrical conductivity (σ) and Seebeck coefficient (S); but lower thermal conductivity (k). Both S and σ are improved due to the presence of polarization electric field (PEF) of this SL. In this work, the role of PEF on k of SL has been investigated and found that cross-plane and in-plane k are reduced due to PEF upto a certain temperature. Both cross-plane and in-plane thermal conductivities in the presence of PEF show cross over temperature termed as transition temperature(Tc
). It is noted the Tc
for cross-plane and in-plane thermal conductivity of GaN/In0.9Ga0.1N superlattice (SL) are 510K and 530K, respectively which depends on In contents. Thus, the preferred value of S, σ and k of GaN/In0.9Ga0.1N SL can be achieved as per requirement by changing In content; making it suitable for TE module for maximum power production at room temperature and above.
Single Photon vs Two Photon Excitation of Silver Nanocluster
Authors: Tripathy J. , Lu Y-H , Islam Md. S. , Dickson R. M.
Published: May 2020

Silver nanodots, nanoparticles and nanoclusters have been of immense interest to researchers for some time now. A lot has been published in this field from synthesis to optical properties of various types of silver nanoclusters. In this work we explore the impact of polarized excitation on modulatability and fluorescence enhancement of silver (Ag) nanocluster. Ag nanoclusters as previously reported are enhancible and modulatable, however, for pathological application purposes emission in NIR even IR is desirable, so that the fluorescence signal detection over the auto-fluorescence background signal in vivo mode becomes easier. In a preliminary work we have seen a rise in anisotropic values beyond the maximum steady state anisotropy of 0.4 when the sample is excited using two colored laser light. Though there are numerous multi-photon study results available in literature, this is first of its kind where we use two polarized excitations to sequentially probe the excitable dark state of the cluster and the emission is then analyzed to obtain a value of steady state anisotropy along with changes observed in signal enhancement owing to modulation of the secondary excitation source. Ag nanocluster samples encapsulated by 10- or 12-mer ss-DNA capable of producing red to NIR light upon excitation at shorter wavelengths were prepared in-house.
A Novel Method for the Removal of Uranium by Using Carboxyl Functionalized Graphene Oxide
Authors: Patel Khilawan , Devi Rama , Dewangan Pradeep Kumar , Vinayak  , Sutar Alekha Kumar , Maharana Tungabidya
Published: May 2020

Graphene oxide (GO) and functionalized carboxylic graphene oxide (COOH-GO) were successfully synthesized by modified Hummer’s technique. The prepared GO and COOH-GO was characterized successfully by UV-Visible Spectroscopy, Fourier transforms infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), X-ray diffraction, Raman spectroscopy, Scanning electron microscopy (SEM)& Zeta potential. The removal of U(VI) heavy metal comparative study was done by using Graphite, GO & COOH-GO and the removal were confirmed by using LED fluorimeter. The effect of pH of medium, contact time, adsorbent dose, initial concentration of U(VI) were examined for the removal of U(VI). The extent of U(VI) removal has been found to be in the order of COOH-GO >GO> graphite. The U(VI) removal maximum efficiency was observed ~96% observed at pH 4.5. The higher removal efficiency is attributed to the higher negative surface charge of COOH-GO (zeta potential:-39.9 mV) in comparison to zeta potential of GO (-28.9 mV) &graphite (-21.6 mV).
Quantum Hall Effect in Trilayer Graphene
Authors: Brahma J , Sahoo S
Published: May 2020

Graphene is a two-dimensional sheet of carbon atoms with properties that are superior to other materials. Due to these superior properties, a lot of research is being done with this material. One of those properties is the Quantum Hall Effect (QHE). Monolayer graphene shows very interesting behaviour in the presence of a high magneticfield (up to 30T) and at very low temperature (~0.2K). Its unconventional Landau Level (LL) spectrum of massless Diracfermions leads to a new type of quantum Hall effect, known as half-integer quantum Hall effect or anomalous QHE. We expect uniqueresults can also be seen in trilayer graphene (TLG).In this work, we study the integer quantum Hall effect in trilayer graphene theoretically.
Models for the determination of basic parameters of tracked feller buncher machines
Authors: Andronov A V , Taradin G S , Zverev I A
Published: May 2020

Models for the determination of basic parameters of tracked feller bunchers are presented. A statistical analysis has been carried out and the normal law of distribution of the main technical characteristics of the most common models of machinery has been established. Both univariate and multivariate regression equations of the main parameters of the machines have been obtained, depending on the main parameter characterizing the load transmitted from the object of labour, which is cut and packaged by the machine - load capacity.
Physical and mechanical properties of forest soils: a review
Authors: Bazarov S M , Alexsandrov V A , Belenky Y I , Gasimov G S , Kalistratov A V
Published: May 2020

The purpose of our article is to analyze literary sources and supplement classification of soils with missing information that simplifies implementation of mathematical models of the interaction of movers of forest machines with soils. Our research methods include analysis, compilation and systematization of reference and experimental data, and approximation of calculated data. The classification of forest soils by strength categories has been clarified, based on the identification of the characteristic combinations of the physical and mechanical properties of soils — the general deformation modulus, specific adhesion, internal friction angle, specific gravity, and the thickness of the deformed layer. As a result of the analysis of literary sources and calculations, the classification of forest soils has been supplemented with missing information that simplifies the implementation of mathematical models of the interaction of the movers of forest machines with soils. An updated version of the classification includes data on the rheological properties of the soil, the shear modulus, bearing capacity, and the cone index of the soil. Based on the information obtained, linear relationships have been developed that reveal the interconnections of the physical and mechanical properties of soils.
System analysis of forest harvesting logistics
Authors: Bazarov S M , Alexsandrov V A , Belenky Y I , Gasimov G S , Soloviev A N
Published: May 2020

From the general position of logistics, forest harvesting technological complexes are multi-factor logistic flows formed by target operations of a complex production process. System analysis is included in forest harvesting logistics by constructing the functional time of the integrated connectivity of the operations performed. Minimum time of storage operations and maximum synchronization of operations in functional time are necessary conditions for optimizing logging production technologies.
Management of transport and logistic infrastructure of the territory: methodological tools and their improvement
Authors: Bezrukova T L , Tereshkina T R , Nesterov S Y , Kuksova I V , Pecherskaya O A
Published: May 2020

This article discusses the main problems of transport and logistics infrastructure management, which consist in the absence of one criterion for assessing the effectiveness of its operation, in the presence of institutional barriers for the development of transport and logistics complexes of territories, in the need for a new scheme and management system due to changing economic conditions dictated by globalization. The priority directions for the development of constituent entity of the Russian Federation - Voronezh region - are presented. Voronezh region has an advantageous geographical position and important transport corridors pass through its territory. A multi-level mathematical model has been built by its example for projects of regional transport infrastructure development, given by the initial conditions using multi-criteria optimization of the regional transport system that solves the problem in a dual formulation, based on a hypergraph superimposed on spatial planning scheme of this area.
Industrial approbation of temporary road structures for transport-assisted exploitation of forests
Authors: Borozna A A , Skachek D A , Naskovets M T , Mokhov S P , Golyakevich S A
Published: May 2020

The article discusses topical issues for the forest industry of the Russian Federation and the Republic of Belarus in the field of construction of automobile forest roads in difficult soil and hydrological conditions with low bearing capacity of soils and lack of road-building materials. To solve this problem, the authors of the article proposed road structures with the use of geotextile fabric, which could save up to 30% of road-building materials without reducing the strength characteristics of the structure. Recommendations have been developed for the construction of roads using geotectile fabric based on the results of pilot testing in industrial conditions.
Permissible ground pressure of wheeled forestry vehicles depending on the ground conditions
Authors: Grigorev G V , Dmitrieva I N , Kotenev E V
Published: May 2020

The aim of the work is to investigate interrelations between wheeled vehicle pressure on the ground and its cross-country ability. To comply with the requirement of ecological compatibility of the mover, which is that the rut depth after the passage of the vehicle should be less than 0.1 m, the pressure of the wheeled mover when working on moderate forest soils should not exceed 0.07 MPa (a forwarder 8x8 with a loaded weight up to 31 tons), on weak forest soils the pressure should not exceed 0.025 MPa (a forwarder 8x8 with a loaded weight up to 11 tons). On moderate soil to ensure cross-country ability, the pressure should be limited to 0.095 MPa (a forwarder 8x8 with a loaded weight up to 42 tons) (slipping ratio reaches 0.2, the depth of the rut is 0.18 m, the operating speed of the machine 1.5 m/s). To ensure the wheeled vehicle cross-country ability, the average pressure when working on weak forest soils should be limited to 0.04 MPa (a forwarder 8x8 with its loaded weight of up to 18 tons) (slipping coefficient reaches 0.136, rut depth of 0.253 m, the operating speed of the machine 2.8 m/s).
Problems of technological processes selection in logging
Authors: Kalyashov V , Smirnova A , Tjurin N , Gromskaya L , Antonova T
Published: May 2020

The article deals with current issues of the logging enterprises effective functioning with assortment technology for wood harvesting in the Leningrad region of the North-West Federal District of Russia. A survey of the production activity of a number of enterprises that use logging technology based on harvesters and forwarders was carried out. The results of technical and economic assessment of this technology usage are presented, the reasons of the decrease in the efficiency of the technological process of the logging are identified, the alternative assortment technologies are considered, and recommendations on selection of technological processes and systems of logging machines are made.
Deviation of resulting load of forestry vehicle from the normal to the bearing surface
Authors: Khitrov E G , Iliushenko D A , Kalistratov A V
Published: May 2020

The purpose of the article is to develop and analyze relationships for calculating the ratio of the normal pressure of forestry vehicle on the bearing surface and the shear stress caused by the vehicle’s slipping. The study bases on provisions of off-the-road locomotion theory and soil mechanics. The study uses methods of mathematical analysis and applied mathematics for calculations and numeric data processing. The calculations were performed using Maple 2017 software. Calculations show that the ratio of shear stress caused by slipping of the vehicle to the normal pressure on strong forest soil is an average of 17%, reaching 22%; on bearing soil, the ratio averages 22%, reaching 25%; on a weaker forest soil, the ratio is on average 24%, reaching 29% when cutting of the soil layers occurs. It is established that the deviation of the resulting vehicle load from the normal to the bearing surface, at which the cut of the soil layers begins, is 12 - 16 °. The deviation of the resulting load caused by the vehicle slip results in a decrease in the bearing capacity of forest soil by 8.5-10.5%.
Assessment of infrastructure of forest land
Authors: Kovyazin V , Romanchikov A , Kitcenko A
Published: May 2020

The article discusses the main directions of forest policy in the field of creating forest fund infrastructure, provides foreign experience in accounting for infrastructure and comparative indicators. An analysis of the transport infrastructure of the forest fund was carried out, as well as a methodology for assessing the infrastructure. Based on the data obtained, conclusions are drawn and ways to solve the existing problems in the forest sector are proposed.
The forecast of forestry tractor speed with mechanical transmission
Authors: Mikhailov O , Taradin G , Taraban M , Cozmin S
Published: May 2020

One of the most energy-intensive logging processes is skidding of trees. The correct choice of engine and transmission system parameters significantly affects the efficiency of forest machine use. The article suggests the method of determining the optimal range for mechanical transmission of skidders, which are widely used in skidding of log the logging area to the upper warehouse. This technique allows considering properties of fiber (rolling resistance, drag part of the forest pack and the slope of the fiber), truckload and parameters of the motor installation. It should be also noted that the coefficient of adaptability of the diesel engine (the coefficient of engine torque loading) and the engine loaded at crankshaft speed are taken into account. Results of experimental researches that have shown good convergence with theoretical calculations are presented.