bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Fusarium Oxysporum F. Sp. Radicis-Lycopersici – the Cause of Fusarium Crown and Root Rot in Tomato Cultivation
Authors: Szczechura Wojciech , Staniaszek Mirosława , Habdas Hanna
Published: May 2013

Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. radicis-lycopersici (FORL) leading to fusarium crown and root rot is one of the most destructive soilborne diseases of tomatoes occurring in greenhouse and field crops. Physiological races of FORL were not defined but nine vegetative compatibility groups (VGCs) were identified. Infection followed by wounds and natural holes and infection is not systemic. The optimum soil temperature for pathogen development is 18°C. Infection may cause plants to wilt and die completely or infection may lower fruit quality. Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. radicis-lycopersici has the ability to produce a specific enzyme, tomatinase, which breaks down α-tomatine and protects the pathogen. In contrast tomato also has a defence system which consists of the enzymes chitinase and β-1, 3-glucanase. Tomato resistance to Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. radicis-lycopersici is determined by a single dominant gene Frl, localized on the long arm of chromosome 9. It was introduced to cultivars from Licopersicum peruvianum (L.) Mill.
Undercar Electrical Generator for Railway Passenger Cars: Improvement of Efficiency / Dzelzceļa Pasažieru Zemvagona Elektriskā Ģeneratora Efektivitātes Uzlabošana
Authors: Levin N. , Kamolins E. , Gusakov A. , Pugachev V.
Published: May 2013

Passenger cars of the railway transport are being constantly improved, thus becoming ever more comfortable for public conveyance. These cars are fitted with air conditioners, installations for heating and forced ventilation, heaters, refrigerators; lighting, radio and TV sets; communication equipment, etc. All the listed fittings need continuous and secure electricity supply from a primary independent source. The paper considers the possibilities of meeting requirements for particular power supply systems - first of all for undercar generators. At operation of such a high-power generator under rugged conditions it should be highly reliable, possessing a reasonable mass and high efficiency. The existing designs of these generators still do not meet the listed requirements in full measure. To improve the efficiency of the undercar generator it is proposed to integrate its excitation winding into the armature one, thus reducing the copper consumption, losses and mass, while - which is the most important - considerably raising reliability of the generator and its availability factor.
Projects of High-Temperature Nuclear Reactors
Authors: Ekmanis J. , Tomsons E. , Zeltiņš N.
Published: May 2013

Part 2 of the overview gives emphasis to the projects of high-temperature NRs, whose development is an area of active engagement for the specialists from the USA, France, Japan, Russia, China, the Netherlands, and Germany. Projects of several powerful NRs of the HTGR type for commercial use had been worked out in the USA and Germany already by 1970 but not yet implemented.
Immunohistochemical characterization of neurons and neuronal processes in the dorsal vagal nucleus of the pig
Authors: Gańko M. , Rychlik A. , Całka J.
Published: May 2013

The vagus nerve is responsible for efferent and afferent innervation of the gastrointestinal tract. The efferent fibres originate from neurons located in the dorsal motor nucleus of the vagus (DMX) and control mainly the gastric motor and secretory function.

The main goal of our study was to examine expression of ChAT, SP, LENK, NOS and CART in the neuronal matrix of the porcine DMX.

Double-labeling immunofluorescence revealed plenty of ChAT-IR neuronal cell bodies and fibres distributed throughout the nuclear matrix. Between the cholinergic somata and processes numerous SP-, LENK- and CART-IR neuronal protrusions forming dense networks were identified. While net of the NOS-IR fibres presented moderate density, the SP- and LENK-IR processes were often observed to form a basket-like structure closely surrounding the cholinergic parasympathetic neurons. Individual CART-IR basket-like formations were also encountered. A few double labeled ChAT-/NOS-IR perikarya in the rostral segment of the nucleus were also found.

We confirm expression of studied antigens in the porcine DMX and provide morphological foundations for a possible regulatory role of SP, LENK, NOS and CART in porcine vago-visceral signaling.
Recovery ability of common carp (Cyprinus carpio) after a short-term exposure to terbuthylazine
Authors: Mikulikova I. , Modra H. , Blahova J. , Kruzikova´ K. , Marsalek P. , Bedanova I. , Svobodova Z.
Published: May 2013

Effects of a high terbuthylazine concentration (3.3 mg/l) on Cyprinus carpio were studied using a commercial herbicide formulation Click 500 SC (terbuthylazine 500 g/l). The fish were exposed to the pesticide for 24 h and allowed to recover for 6 days. Biometric parameters, plasma biochemical parameters and biomarkers of oxidative stress as well as histopathological changes in selected tissues were assessed on day 1 and 7. After a 24-h exposure, there were significant alterations found in the activities of alanine aminotransferase (ALT) and aspartate aminotransferase (AST) as well as in the plasma concentrations of glucose, natrium, chlorides, calcium and phosphorus. Hepatosomatic index, plasma albumin and lactate reflected the treatment with a delay. Ion levels and ALT were found to be restored after a 6-day recovery period, which was too short for AST activity and glucose to diminish to the control levels. The histopathological examination revealed disorders in the gills of the exposed fish, however, the changes were not detected after a 6-day recovery period. The study shows high regeneration potential of the fish.
The in vitro effect of commercially available noble metal nanocolloids on the rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) leukocyte and splenocyte activity
Authors: Małaczewska J. , Siwicki A.K.
Published: May 2013

The growing popularity of nanotechnology in the past decade has increased nanomaterial concentrations in the environment and the risk of their toxicity for aquatic organisms. Metal nanoparticles, which are easily absorbed and accumulated by fish, are probably able to interact directly with their immunocompetent cells. The objective of this study was to evaluate the in vitro effect of commercially available silver, gold and copper nanocolloids on the rainbow trout leukocyte and splenocyte activity. At high concentrations, all of the nanocolloids studied had adverse effects on the proliferative response of trout lymphocytes, and the most toxic of them, silver, decreased also the respiratory burst activity of splenocytes. Low concentrations of silver nanocolloid, however, had a stimulating effect on the lymhocyte proliferation.
The antioxidant defence mechanisms of parasite and host after chronic Hymenolepis diminuta infestation of the rat
Authors: Czeczot H. , Skrzycki M. , Majewska-Wierzbicka M. , Podsiad M. , Salamatin R. , Grytner-Zięcina B.
Published: May 2013

The aim of the present study was to determine antioxidant defence mechanisms in the rat and Hymenolepis diminuta after long-term infestation. We determined levels of oxidative stress markers, and activity of antioxidant enzymes in the rat small intestine and in particular parts of H. diminuta. Observed changes in antioxidant enzymes activity in H. diminuta and the rat intestine indicate the defence against parasitic infestation and probably allowed parasite to adapt and live in oxidative stress.
Most commonly used sequences and clinical protocols for brain and spine magnetic resonance imaging allowing better identification of pathological changes in dogs
Authors: Zhalniarovich Y. , Adamiak Z. , Pomianowski A. , Jaskólska M.
Published: May 2013

Magnetic resonance imaging is the best imaging modality for the brain and spine. Quality of the received images depends on many technical factors. The most significant factors are: positioning the patient, proper coil selection, selection of appropriate sequences and image planes. The present contrast between different tissues provides an opportunity to diagnose various lesions. In many clinics magnetic resonance imaging has replaced myelography because of its noninvasive modality and because it provides excellent anatomic detail. There are many different combinations of sequences possible for spinal and brain MR imaging. Most frequently used are: T2-weighted fast spin echo (FSE), T1- and T2-weighted turbo spin echo, Fluid Attenuation Inversion Recovery (FLAIR), T1-weighted gradient echo (GE) and spin echo (SE), high-resolution three-dimensional (3D) sequences, fat-suppressing short tau inversion recovery (STIR) and half-Fourier acquisition single-shot turbo spin echo (HASTE). Magnetic resonance imaging reveals neurologic lesions which were previously hard to diagnose antemortem.
Autophagy in physiological and pathological processes – selected aspects
Authors: Niedźwiedzka-Rystwej P. , Tokarz-Deptuła B. , Deptuła W.
Published: May 2013

This paper describes a model of cell death, called autophagy, one among other typical and atypical processes of cell death. This phenomenon is present in the organism, from conception until death, and is conditioned by many genes of ATG family, or mTOR kinase and specific proteins, like BNIP3. This process plays a very important role not only in physiological functions of the organism but also in pathological, such as Alzheimer or Huntington disease, as well as diseases caused by viruses.
Proper use of Quinolones for canine colitis ambulatory treatment: literature review and REQUEST guidelines
Authors: Lechowski R. , Cotard J.P. , Boulouis H.J. , Kietzman M. , Farca A.M. , Fontaine J. , Caney S. , Dupree G. ,   Request Group
Published: May 2013

The literature analysed by REQUEST (REassesing QUinolone European STandard) using inclusion and exclusion criteria allows to make the conclusion that the proper use of fluoroquinolones (FQ) in canine colitis requires rigorously performed qualification to specific antimicrobial treatment. An infectious agent responsive to FQ therapy plays an integral role in the clinical manifestation of canine colitis, especially histiocytic ulcerative colitis (HUC) in young Boxer dogs. This supports the use of FQ in these cases. The Request guidelines for proper use of FQ in canine colitis is established, according to the available literature data.
Comparison of continuous local anaesthetic and systemic pain treatment after axillary lymphadenectomy in breast carcinoma patients – a prospective randomized study
Authors: Strazisar Branka , Besic Nikola
Published: May 2013

Background.Acute pain after axillary lymphadenectomy is often related mainly to axillary surgery. The aim of the prospective randomized study was to find out if continuous wound infusion of local anaesthetic reduces postoperative pain, consumption of opioids and the incidence of chronic pain compared to the standard intravenous piritramide analgesia after axillary lymphadenectomy in breast carcinoma patients.

Methods.Altogether 60 patients were enrolled in the prospective randomized study; half in wound infusion of local anaesthetic and half in the standard (piritramide) group. Results. In the recovery room and on the first day after surgical procedure, the wound infusion of local anaesthetic group reported less acute and chronic pain, a lower consumption of piritramide and metoclopramide, but their alertness after the surgical procedure was higher compared to the standard group.

Conclusions.After axillary lymphadenectomy in breast carcinoma patients, wound infusion of local anaesthetic reduces acute pain and enables reduced opioid consumption, resulting in less postoperative sedation and a reduced need for antiemetic drugs. After wound infusion of local anaesthetic there is a statistical trend for reduction of chronic pain.
The usefulness of F-18 FDG PET/CT-mammography for preoperative staging of breast cancer: comparison with conventional PET/CT and MR-mammography
Authors: Moon Eun-Ha , Lim Seok Tae , Han Yeon-Hee , Jeong Young Jin , Kang Yun-Hee , Jeong Hwan-Jeong , Sohn Myung-Hee
Published: May 2013

Background. The objective of the study was to compare the diagnostic efficacy of an integrated Fluorine-18 fluorodeoxyglucose (F-18 FDG) PET/CT-mammography (mammo-PET/CT) with conventional torso PET/CT (supine-PET/CT) and MR-mammography for initial assessment of breast cancer patients.

Patients and methods. Forty women (52.0 ± 12.0 years) with breast cancer who underwent supine-PET/CT, mammo- PET/CT, and MR-mammography from April 2009 to August 2009 were enrolled in the study. We compared the size of the tumour, tumour to chest wall distance, tumour to skin distance, volume of axillary fossa, and number of metastatic axillary lymph nodes between supine-PET/CT and mammo-PET/CT. Next, we assessed the difference of focality of primary breast tumour and tumour size in mammo-PET/CT and MR-mammography. Histopathologic findings served as the standard of reference.

Results. In the comparison between supine-PET/CT and mammo-PET/CT, significant differences were found in the tumour size (supine-PET/CT: 1.3 ± 0.6 cm, mammo-PET/CT: 1.5 ± 0.6 cm, p < 0.001), tumour to thoracic wall distance (1.8 ± 0.9 cm, 2.2 ± 2.1 cm, p < 0.001), and tumour to skin distance (1.5 ± 0.8 cm, 2.1 ± 1.4 cm, p < 0.001). The volume of axillary fossa was significantly wider in mammo-PET/CT than supine-PET/CT (21.7 ± 8.7 cm3vs. 23.4 ± 10.4 cm3, p = 0.03). Mammo-PET/CT provided more correct definition of the T-stage of the primary tumour than did supine-PET/ CT (72.5% vs. 67.5%). No significant difference was found in the number of metastatic axillary lymph nodes. Compared with MR-mammography, mammo-PET/CT provided more correct classification of the focality of lesion than did MR-mammography (95% vs. 90%). In the T-stage, 72.5% of cases with mammo-PET/CT and 70% of cases with MRmammography showed correspondence with pathologic results.

Conclusions. Mammo-PET/CT provided more correct definition of the T-stage and evaluation of axillary fossa may also be delineated more clearly than with supine-PET/CT. The initial assessment of mammo-PET/CT would be more useful than MR-mammography because the mammo-PET/CT indicates similar accuracy with MR-mammography for decision of T-stage of primary breast tumour and more correct than MR-mammography for defining focality of lesion.
Asset Management of the Public Sector in Poland
Authors: Rymarzak Małgorzata , Trojanowski Dariusz
Published: May 2013

Public sector bodies own diverse, valuable but capital-intensive assets, which require the following of all the changes taking place in their environment and their trends (conducting market analyses), as well as the anticipation of future effects of present-day actions (decisions). It seems, however, that many public bodies/entities make decisions according to current needs, hardly ever conducting market analyses or market valuation of their assets.

Today, both theory and practice offer a variety of methods - instruments supporting the process of decision-making concerning the creation of a rational structure of real property, sources of its financing, evaluation of the effectiveness of using individual fixed assets and their impact on the economic situation of each body/entity.

The purpose of this paper is to present the nature and scale of the problem of asset management, as well as the main elements of the process of the management of real property owned by public entities, based on a case study of the biggest Polish cities.

At first, we will outline the scale of the problem, including the gross value of buildings and structures and capital expenditures of the public sector. Then, we will present the definition of asset management and classification of real property as tools and conditions for effective asset management, as well as the results of empirical research conducted with officials responsible for property management in Poland's six largest cities.
Developers’ Activity in Selected Cities of Poland – A Comparative Analysis
Authors: Antczak Agata
Published: May 2013

Developers’ activity in the Polish residential property market has increased considerably in the last 20 years. Developers are today right behind people building homes for themselves as the major suppliers of housing stock. Their activity shows strong spatial variations, both regarding the numbers and types of developers operating in particular markets, as well as the numbers and characteristics of their projects, such as the type of buildings, the average number of residential units per development project, an average unit size expressed in m² or as an average number of rooms, average price, the number of floors, etc. The results of the analysis of developers’ activity in local markets may provide an objective basis for establishing why the markets differ in that respect and what factors determine the expansion of developers’ activity in different regions of the country.

The purpose of this article is to characterize developers’ activity in five Polish cities and to determine how much the developers differ in their characteristics using quantitative methods and the results of author’s earlier studies.
Accidents are caused, they do not happen
Authors: Chand Meena Mahesh , Sachedeva Nidhi , Rani Mukta , Rani Yashoda
Published: May 2013

The head, being the most vulnerable part of human body, is the most commonly injured body part in accidents, especially those involving road traffic. In an unusual case, the deceased succumbed to internal injuries of the brain that resulted from the neck being constricted with the loose end of a dupatta. The woman was pillion riding a motorbike when the loose end of the dupatta got entangled in the rear wheel of the motorbike. As a result, her neck was constricted by the dupatta and wentunnoticed. This paper comments on the safety of wearing the traditional style dressing of Indian women while riding on two wheeled vehicles. Additionally, this paper suggests it be mandatory to wear helmets for all pillion riders in order to prevent such mishaps in future.
Role of Infiltration and Saturation Excess in Rainfall-Runoff Modelling in Small Catchments
Authors: Strouhal Luděk , David Václav
Published: May 2013

The paper presents the essential differences in small catchment model behaviour depending on the assumed runoff procedure, i.e. infiltration or saturation excess. It suggests an appropriate model structure and a way to obtain the required boundary conditions. In order to design the flood mitigation measures in small catchments, there is a need of reliable prediction of their behaviour. Long time series of data are rather rare here and the simple models are usually not capable to reflect all the necessary variables and their distribution. However, more comprehensive models are usually very demanding with respect to input data. A model of Bykovicky stream catchment (6.3 km2) was built in the physically based distributed model GSSHA. Out of two years of rainfall-runoff data several events were used for model calibration. Gradually the model was changed in order to explain observed data better. First modelling outcomes suggested a significant influence of saturation excess on flood hydrographs in most of the scenarios. In order to reflect this, the model needs to contain groundwater related processes, but the data on groundwater table position was not available. Therefore a simple method how to obtain it was proposed and tested. The paper discusses the achievements of this modelling experiment.
The Effect of Cultivar and Biostimulant Treatment on the Carrot Yield and its Quality
Authors: Grabowska Aneta , Kunicki Edward , Sękara Agnieszka , Kalisz Andrzej , Wojciechowska Renata
Published: May 2013

Modifications in growing techniques can affect the yield and nutritional quality of various cultivated plants. Among them, the use of biostimulants is environmental friendly method of stimulating crop productivity, stress resistance, and affecting yield or chemical composition of the plants. The aim of the investigation was determining of the effect of biostimulant treatment on yield and its quality of carrot grown for summer harvest. The experiment was carried out in 2009-2011 in the experimental station of the University of Agriculture in Krakow, south Poland. Two experimental factors were taken into consideration: (1) cultivar: Nandrin F1 and Napoli F1 (2) dose of Aminoplant (foliar application): 1.5 and 3.0 dm3∙ha-1 and control (without Aminoplant). Total and marketable yield, root length, its diameter, leaf mass and leaf : root mass ratio were assessed. The dry matter, soluble sugar, carotenoids and nitrate ions contents were analyzed as main determinants of carrot nutritional quality.

Aminoplant influenced not only carrot productivity, but mainly chemical composition of the roots. The present results also suggest that carrot reaction to biostimulant treatment was depended on a cultivar more than on environmental conditions in particular growing seasons. The significant effect of Aminoplant in a dose of 1.5 dm3∙ha-1 on the yield of roots and leaf rosette mass of ‘Nandrin F1’ appeared only in the first year of the experiment. Spraying with Aminoplant in a dose of 3.0 dm3∙ha-1 significantly increased the soluble sugars content in carrot roots of both cultivars but only in 2011. Dry matter content was also affected by biostimulant treatment mainly for ‘Napoli F1’, which showed the lowest dry matter content when sprayed with Aminoplant in a dose of 1.5 dm3∙ha-1. In 2010 control plants contained the greater amount of carotenoids, while in next year roots of plants treated with Aminoplant in a dose of 3.0 dm3∙ha-1 had more these compounds. The significant effect of Aminoplant on nitrates content in carrot roots was observed but were not repeatable in the experimental years, so different climatic conditions modified carrot reaction on biostimulant spraying.
Recent dynamics in the Portuguese housing market as compared with the European Union
Authors: Matos Fátima Loureiro De
Published: May 2013

The closing years of the 20th century witnessed profound changes in the European housing market, characterised by an increase in owner-occupied housing; instability of house prices (leading to a serious crisis in some regions, in light of a fall in demand); a change in people’s attitude to the housing market, involving a rise in the importance of location, the quality of materials and spaces, environmental sustainability, and architectural and urban innovation.

The European Union does not have a common housing policy, which it believes is the responsibility of Member-States. However, it is recognised that the problems related to the socio-urban inclusion of low-income individuals do have an impact on Community policies.

Because we are in the midst of a transformation, it is difficult to talk today about the dynamics and policies of housing, the functioning of markets, and thereby about the ways in which public administrations are facing the current crisis of real estate overproduction.

This article aims at analysing the dynamics of the housing market in Portugal as compared with other European countries, highlighting the characteristics of demand and supply and the main changes recorded in the last few years.
Regional socio-economic disparities in the Kashmir Valley (India) – a geographical approach
Authors: Mohiuddin Shahnaz , Hashia Haseena
Published: May 2013

The problem of regional disparities in the levels of social and economic development is a universal phenomenon. Both developed and developing countries have witnessed this problem in the path of their socio-economic advancement. India is a large federal nation and it is well known that there are widespread disparities in the levels of socio-economic development among the different regions of the Indian nation. Balanced regional development has always been an essential component of India’s national development strategy in order to ensure the unity and integrity of the nation. Jammu and Kashmir, the northernmost state of India, has been divided into three geo-physical regions, viz. Jammu, the Valley of Kashmir and the Ladakh. The Kashmir Valley is the most thickly populated area of the state; the overriding characteristics of the economy of the Kashmir Valley is its extreme backwardness which is largely the result of the peculiar physical features of the Valley and traditional society. The indicators to be used in the present study have been assigned statistical weights derived through the factor analysis method. The changes in the index values have been examined to trace the direction of development. Finally, the sectoral indices have been pooled together to derive a comprehensive composite index of development. This gives an aggregate picture of the changes in the levels of development of all the tehsils over two time periods, i.e. 1981 and 2001.
The influence of high selenium intake of ewes on leukocytes in newborn lambs
Authors: Písek Lukáš , Trávníček Jan , Peksa Zdeněk , Dušová Hana , Konečný Roman , Šoch Miloslav
Published: May 2013

The aim of this work was to determine the impact of high selenium intake on pregnant ewes considering the number of leukocytes and the representation of T cell subsets in the blood of newborn lambs. An experiment was conducted on nineteen sucking newborn lambs of the Sumava sheep breed. The ewes were divided into three groups of five animals: control C (without Se supplementation), experimental E1 (sodium selenite supplementation, Se content 160 μg.kg-1 DM) and E2 (Chlorella as a carrier for selenium, Se content 160 μg.kg-1 DM). After birth blood samples were taken from lambs on days 1, 3, 10, 30 and 60. The WBC count and proportion of lymphocytes in blood smear were detected by microscopic analysis, and the CD4+ and CD8+ T cell subsets in blood were detected by flow cytometry. The differences determined were not statistically significant due to high variabilities within the groups. In lambs whose mothers were supplemented with selenium bound to the alga of the genus Chlorella a statistically significant increase in the proportion of both subsets of T lymphocytes was proved. The results document a tendency to a lower level of the selected parameters of immunity in lambs without Se supplementation.
Obtaining Pentacyclic Triterpenes from Outer Birch Bark
Authors: Pazhe A. , Zandersons J. , Rizhikovs J. , Dobele G. , Spince B. , Jurkjane V. , Tardenaka A.
Published: May 2013

One way for the rational use of natural raw materials and conservation of forest resources is to increase the degree of wood biomass utilization. A solution to this problem is directly related to improving the efficiency of biomass processing and reducing environmental pollution from industrial waste.

Birch in the Northern hemisphere is a very widespread tree genus, which is extensively used in the furniture, pulp and plywood manufacture where, as a by-product, birch bark accumulates in the process. This material does not find industrial application, and is often burned as fuel. Outer birch bark consists of a mixture of pentacyclic triterpenes and bio polyester suberin. Betulin, betulinic acid and lupeol, representatives of triterpenes, are biologically active substances, the effects of which can be enhanced by synthetic modification.

Pelletization increases the outer birch bark bulk density up to 470 kg/m3. The yield of cyclohexane and heptane extractives is considerably lower than those obtained with acetone and ethanol. However, the more selective solubility eliminates a range of undesirable substances, e.g., polyphenols, tannins, etc. from the total extract.
Biobutanol Production from Agricultural Waste: A Simple Approach for Pre-Treatment and Hydrolysis
Authors: Mezule L. , Tihomirova K. , Nescerecka A. , Juhna T.
Published: May 2013

One of the main concerns regarding extensive production of biobutanol has been associated with the high costs of the substrate (preparation of fermentable sugars) and the relatively low tolerance of Clostridia to butanol. In this study a simple, mild approach was tested to obtain fermentable sugars from agricultural waste. Giant hogweed and hay was pre-treated with simple boiling and enzymatically hydrolysed. The results demonstrated that after adaptation of the genus Clostridium bacteria to the new substrate, the growth kinetics and sugar consumption of these bacteria were similar to the ones obtained in traditional culture media.
Association Between Anatomical Variations of the Sinonasal Region and Chronic Rhino-Sinusitis: A Prospective Case Series Study
Authors: Madani Seyyed Abdollah , Hashemi Seyyed Abbas , Kianejad Amir Hosein , Heidari Saman
Published: May 2013

Chronic rhinosinusitis is a chronic inflammation of the nasal and paranasal cavities. However, the main pathophysiology of these chronic conditions is poorly described and seems to be multifactorial.

In the present study, we reviewed the computed tomography (CT) scans of patients with chronic rhinosinusitis to identify a probable association between the anatomical variations and chronic inflammation in the sinonasal region.

Prospective study of the axial and coronal CT scans of 206 chronic rhinosinusitis patients between September 2010 and January 2012 was performed.

The study population involved 100 males (48.5%) and 106 females (51.4%) with a mean age of 39 years. The ostiomeatal complex was reported patent in 43 subjects and was blocked in 36 patients. The nasal septa were significantly deviated in 117 (56.7%) patients. Turbinate hypertrophy was reported in 55 (26.6%) patients. Retention cyst was observed in 56 (27.1%) participants. Concha Bullosa and polyps were reported in 36 (17.47%) and 38 (18.44%) patients, respectively. Maxillary sinus was the most common site of involvement (67 patients).

Our investigation revealed that there is a strong association between the presence of anatomical variations and chronic inflammation in the paranasal sinuses.
The Russian economic space: evolution during periods of reform, growth and crisis (1990–2010)
Authors: Kholina Veronika N. , Mironova Marina N.
Published: May 2013

The aim of the article is to identify the main tendencies in the dynamics of interregional disparities in the level of socio-economic development in Russia during periods of economic growth and crisis. These trends have been identified on the basis of an analysis of the regional coefficient of asymmetry of key per-capita indicators (GDP, investment in fixed capital etc.) as well as indicators of spatial concentration in Russia and deviations from the average (for GDP, per capita GDP and investments) at the federal district and regional levels. The main factors driving the dynamics of these disparities were the economic crisis, government anti-crisis measures and measures of social support. Comparison of the level of interregional disproportions in Russia and abroad indicated that the differences between levels of socio-economic development at the federal level are comparable with differences in EU countries, but at the level of regions - with countries of the world.
Reasons for choosing geography studies. Comparative analysis of two academic centres: Warsaw and Kielce
Authors: Awramiuk-Godun Alina , Mularczyk Mirosław
Published: May 2013

The objective of this paper is to compare the reasons for choosing a degree in geography by students starting their studies in two academic centres: Warsaw and Kielce. The first is a big city with rich traditions and one of the best academic centres in Poland, while the second is regional, much smaller but developing. In the research, special attention was paid to the reasons for choosing geography as a major, a variety of ideas considering future job and professional prospects open to geography graduates as well as attitudes toward the profession of a geography teacher. The research involved interviews with first and second-year students in both centres.
Choropleth maps and diagram maps in atlas of cartographic presentation methods
Authors: Pasławski Jacek , Korycka-Skorupa Jolanta , Nowacki Tomasz , Opach Tomasz
Published: May 2013

The online Atlas kartograficznych metod prezentacji [Atlas of cartographic presentation methods, hereinafter the Atlas] is a research project being carried out at the Department of Cartography of the University of Warsaw. The aim of the project is to systematize knowledge about the use of cartographic presentation methods. This study discusses selected issues related to two of the five presentation methods analysed in the project, viz. the choropleth map and the diagram map. A rational application of two quite commonly-used presentation methods leads to a number of problems. These problems are most easily visible during attempts to program its implementation in the web-based Atlas and are largely due to the difficulties with drawing a clear boundary between what is a good and a bad map. For this reason, the system operator’s skill and eye for the graphics of semi-automated visualisation seem to be of key importance.
Mathematical modeling of the system shedding motion – heald – warp
Authors: Bílek Martin , Skřivánek Josef
Published: May 2013

The paper is concerned with the description of a mathematical model meant for an analysis of the movement of
healds during the weaving cycle. The referred model consists of a mathematical description of shedding motion,
coupled with the solution of the heald model of a weaving loom. Principal designing elements of this component
have been considered while devising this model. The affected calculations show a high value of acceleration of the
heald produced after its drop upon the supporting wire. The referred model allows for analyzing a considerable part
of designs of heald shaft that are employed in weaving looms nowadays.
Stability of General Cubic Mapping in Fuzzy Normed Spaces
Authors: Javadi S. , Rassias J. M.
Published: May 2013

We establish some stability results concerning the general cubic functional equation

f(x + ky) - kf(x + y) + kf(x - y) - f(x - ky) = 2k(k2 - 1)f(y)

for fixed k ℕ\{1} in the fuzzy normed spaces. More precisely, we show under some suitable conditions that an approximately cubic function can be approximated by a cubic mapping in a fuzzy sense and we establish that the existence of a solution for any approximately cubic mapping guarantees the completeness of the fuzzy normed spaces
The nearest symmetric fuzzy solution for a symmetric fuzzy linear system
Authors: Allahviranloo T. , Haghi E. , Ghanbari M.
Published: May 2013

In this paper, the nearest symmetric fuzzy solution for a symmetric L-L fuzzy linear system (S-L-FLS) is obtained by a new metric. To this end, the S-L-FLS is transformed to the non-linear programming problem (NLP). The solution of the obtained NLP is our favorite fuzzy number vector solution. Also, it is shown that if an S-L-FLS has unique fuzzy solution, then its solution is symmetric. Two constructive algorithms are presented in details and the method is illustrated by solving several numerical examples
Some Fixed Point Theorems in G-metric Spaces
Authors: Mohanta Sushanta Kumar
Published: May 2013

We prove some fixed point theorems for self mappings satisfying some kind of contractive type conditions on complete G-metric spaces
A Category of Control Systems
Authors: Biggs Rory , Remsing Claudiu C.
Published: May 2013

We construct the concrete category LiCS of left-invariant control systems (on Lie groups) and point out some very basic properties. Morphisms in this category are examined briefly. Also, covering control systems are introduced and organized into a (comma) category associated with LiCS
Geometry of the anisotropic minimal surfaces
Authors: Mladenov Ivaïlo M. , Hadzhilazova Mariana Ts.
Published: May 2013

A simple modification of the surface tension in the axisymmetric case leads to analogues of the Delaunay surfaces. Here we have derived an explicit parameterization of the most simple case of this new class of surfaces which can be considered as a generalization of the catenoids. The geometry of these surfaces depends on two real parameters and has been studied in some detail
Geodesic Flow on the Quotient Space of the Action of ⟨z + 2;−1/z 〉 on the Upper Half Plane
Authors: Ahmadi Dastjerdi Dawoud , Lamei Sanaz
Published: May 2013

Let G be the group generated by z ↦ z+2 and z → -1/z , z ∈ ℂ. This group acts on the upper half plane and the associated quotient surface is topologically a sphere with two cusps. Assigning a “geometric” code to an oriented geodesic not going to cusps, with alphabets in ℤ \ {0}, enables us to conjugate the geodesic ow on this surface to a special ow over the symbolic space of these geometric codes. We will show that for k ≥ 1, a subsystem with codes from ℤ \ {0; ±1; ±2;… ; ±k} is a TBS: topologically Bernouli scheme. For similar codes for geodesic ow on modular surface, this was true for k ≥ 3. We also give bounds for the entropy of these subsystems.
Dirac Operator on a 7-Manifold with Deformed G2 Structure
Authors: Özdemir Nülifer , Aktay Şirin
Published: May 2013

In this work, we consider the deforming of a G2 structure by a vector field on a 7-manifold. To obtain the metric corresponding to deformed G2 structure, a new map is defined. By using this new map, the co- variant derivatives on associated spinor bundles are compared. Then, the relation between Dirac operators on spinor bundles are investigated under some restrictions.
Tracking Effects Depend on Tracking Type
Authors: Chmielewski Anna K. , Dumont Hanna , Trautwein Ulrich
Published: May 2013

The aim of the present study was to examine how different types of tracking— between-school streaming, within-school streaming, and course-by-course tracking—shape students’ mathematics self-concept. This was done in an internationally comparative framework using data from the Programme for International Student Assessment (PISA). After controlling for individual and track mean achievement, results indicated that generally for students in course-by-course tracking, high-track students had higher mathematics self-concepts and low-track students had lower mathematics self-concepts. For students in between-school and within-school streaming, the reverse pattern was found. These findings suggest a solution to the ongoing debate about the effects of tracking on students’ academic self-concept and suggest that the reference groups to which students compare themselves differ according to the type of tracking.
Lignans from The Nepalese Sandal Wood Osyris wightiana Wall ex Wight
Authors: Shyaula Sajan L , Manandhar Mangala D , Choudhary Min
Published: May 2013

The crude ethanolic extract of the Nepalese sandal wood, Osyris wightiana Wall ex Wight, was investigated for phytochemical constituents by chromatographic and spectroscopic techniques. The lignans were the first time reported from the genus Osyris. The lignans, (±) lyoniresinol (1), (±) syringaresinol (2) 5,5’-dimethoxylariciresinol (3), and 5-methoxylariciresinol (4) were isolated from dichloromethane fraction. The structures of compounds were identified by using mass and NMR spectroscopic techniques. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/jncs.v28i0.8037 Journal of Nepal Chemical Society Vol.28, 2011 Page 24-28 Uploaded date: March 6, 2013
Removal of Copper (II) and Zinc (II) ions from Aqueous Solution by Biosorption onto Aminated Tea Waste
Authors: Shrestha Bindra , Homagai P. L. , Pokhrel M. R. , Ghimire K. N.
Published: May 2013

An efficient and cost effective non-conventional biosorbent has been prepared from tea waste by amination with ethylenediamine. The prepared adsorbent, ATW was characterized using elemental analysis, scanning electron microscopic image and FTIR spectroscopy. Its adsorption behavior for Cu++ and Zn++ ions was studied by using batch adsorption method. The maximum adsorption capacity onto ATW was found to be 46.4mg/g and 30.08 mg/g for Cu++ and Zn++ respectively. The effect of pH of solution, initial metal concentration and contact time for removal of metal ions were studied. The applicability of data was analyzed by Langmuir isotherm. The kinetics of removal of Cu++ and Zn++ ions was studied using pseudosecond order model, in which the data were well fitted. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/jncs.v28i0.8058 Journal of Nepal Chemical Society Vol.28, 2011 Page 48-53 Uploaded date: May 7, 2013
Synthesis and Characterisation of the First Oxazoline Coordination Compounds Containing the Cu(F6acac)2 Unit: X-ray Diffraction Studies of Cu(kappa2-O,O'-F6acac)2(kappa1-N-Meox) and Cu(kappa2-O,O'-F6acac)2(kappa1-N-Etox)
Authors: Yadav Paras N. , Barclay Tosha M. , Gossage Robert A.
Published: May 2013

The synthesis and characterisation (elemental analysis, IR, X-ray diffraction) of the first two oxazoline coordination compounds of Cu(F6acac)2 are described. Both of these complexes are five-coordinate mononuclear formally Cu(II) materials with a slightly distorted square pyramidal coordination motif around the metal centre. The structures are compared and contrasted to other N-donor complexes of Cu(F6acac)2. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/jncs.v28i0.8059 Journal of Nepal Chemical Society Vol.28, 2011 Page: 54-58 Uploaded date: May 7, 2013
Stereoselective Synthesis and Dissolution Studies on Enteric Coated Pellets of (S)-Duloxetine Hydrochloride
Authors: Venkatram Raghunandan , Pai Vasanth Kumar , Nagaraj Sriharsha
Published: May 2013

The enantioselective hydrogenation of 2-bromo-1-(thiophen-2-yl)ethanone and further elaboration of thr cyclic carbamate derived from γ-aminoalcohol to provide a facile synthesis of (S)-duloxetine, a potent dual inhibitor of serotonin and norepinephrine reuptake, is described. Enteric coated pellets with polymer load 25% and 30% failed to provide required acid resistant to the pellets but very insignificant amount of drug was leached from the coated tablets in acid phase with polymer load 35% and 40% in the acidic phase whereas almost the whole amount of drug was released in the buffer phase. The results generated in this study showed that proper selection of polymeric materials based on their physicochemical properties as well as polymer load is important in designing delayed release pellets dosage form with acceptable dissolution profile. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/jncs.v28i0.8110 Journal of Nepal Chemical Society Vol. 28, 2011 Page:74-79 Uploaded Date: May 24, 2013
Preparation and Characterization of Epoxidised and Acrylated Styrene/Isoprene/Styrene (SIS) Triblock Block Copolymer Based Nanocomposites
Authors: Khanal Santosh , Shakya Alina , Michler Goerg H. , Youssef Boulos , Saiter Jean M. , Adhikari Rameshwar
Published: May 2013

In this work, a commercially available Styrene-Isoprene-Styrene (SIS)triblock copolymer was modified into epoxidised version (ESIS)using performic acid generated in situ from hydrogen peroxide and formic acid. The epoxidised sample was further acrylated to prepare acrylated version (ASIS). The nanocomposites of each sample (SIS, ESIS and ASIS) were prepared using boehmite nanoparticles as filler by solution casting method. The polymers were characterized by Fourier Transform Infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy and transmission electron microscopy (TEM). TEM investigations revealed that that the epoxidation of the diene block enhanced the dispersion of the nanofiller in the polymer matrix while the segregation of the nanoparticles towards the interface of the immiscible polymers was observed in the acrylated block copolymer based nanocomposite. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/jncs.v28i0.8112 Journal of Nepal Chemical Society Vol. 28, 2011 Page: 84-88 Uploaded Date: May 24, 2013
Preparation of Activated Carbon for the Removal of Pb (II) from Aqueous Solutions
Authors: Shrestha Rajeshwar Man , Pradhananga Raja Ram , Varga Margit , Varga Imre
Published: May 2013

The present study deals with the use of activated carbons prepared from Lapsi seed stone as adsorbents for the removal of Pb (II) ions from aqueous solution. Two series of carbon have been prepared from Lapsi seed stones by treating with conc. H2SO4 and a mixture of H2SO4 and HNO3 in the ratio of 1:1 by weight for removal of metal ions. Chemical characterization of the resultant activated carbon was studied by Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy and Boehm titration which revealed the presence of oxygen containing surface functional groups like carboxylic, lactonic, phenolic in the carbons. The effect of pH and initial metal ion concentration on the adsorption was studied in a batch process mode. The optimum pH for lead adsorption is found to be equal to 5. The adsorption data were better fitted with the Langmuir equations than Freundlich adsorption equation to describe the equilibrium isotherms. The maximum adsorption capacity of Pb (II) on the resultant activated carbons was 277.8 mg g-1 with H2SO4 and 423.7 mg g-1 with a mixture of H2SO4 and HNO3. The waste material used in the preparation of the activated carbons is inexpensive and readily available. Hence the carbons prepared from Lapsi seed stones can act as potential low cost adsorbents for the removal of Pb (II) from water. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/jncs.v28i0.8114 Journal of Nepal Chemical Society Vol. 28, 2011 Page: 94-101 Uploaded Date: May 24, 2013
Isolation and characterization of the chemical constituents of Sonchus wightianus of Nepalese origin
Authors: Joshi Susan , Poudel Tej Narayan
Published: May 2013

Phytochemical screening of Sonchus wightianus of Nepalese origin were carried out. Phytochemical screening showed the presence of fatty acids, triterpenes, sterols, polyphenols, emodins, quinones, glycosides, polyose and anthracenosides. Compounds β-sitosterol, β-sitosterol glycoside, 1-Hexacosanol and Hexadecanoic methyl ester were isolated.1-Hexacosanol and Hexadecanoic methyl ester are isolated for the first time from Sonchus wightianus. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/jncs.v28i0.8119 Journal of Nepal Chemical Society Vol. 28, 2011 Page: 115-120 Uploaded Date: May 24, 2013
Simultaneous Determination of Clopidogrel and Pioglitazone by High Performance Liquid Chromatography in Bulk Drug and Dosage Forms
Authors: Kumar V Phani , Sunandamma Y
Published: May 2013

A high performance liquid chromatographic method with UV detection was developed and validated for simultaneous determination of Pioglitazone and Clopidogrel. Separation was performed on a C18 column by isocratic elution with a mobile phase of Methanol: Acetonitrile: Water (80:10:10) at pH 4.6. The UV detection was set at 230 nm. The method proved to be specific, accurate, precise and linear over the concentration ranges of 20-120ppm for both Pioglitazone and Clopidogrel with correlation coefficients always >0.999 for both drugs. The intra-day and inter-day precision and accuracy were less than 2 for both analytes. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/ijpls.v2i1.14580 International Journal of Pharmaceutical and Life Sciences Vol.2(1) 2013: 1-9
Investigation of a Protein Encoded by a Gene of Mus musculus and relating it to an Orthologous Protein in Homo sapiens
Authors: Mallick Avijit
Published: May 2013

The gene of Mus musculus was cloned into plasmid vector (pYEUra3) of E.coli from the cDNA library which was then verified using colony PCR. The plasmid DNA was then purified and digested with EcoRI to check the presence of an insert. PICOGREEN assay, HindIII digestion and absorbance were used to quantify the DNA. The purified DNA was then sequenced and searched using different databases to find a match. Finally, the protein of interest was identified to be Sentrin-specific protease 2(SUMO-1 protease 1 ) which processes SUMO precursor into their mature form and also causes deSUMOylation from their target substrate.DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/ijpls.v2i1.15131 International Journal of Pharmaceutical and Life Sciences Vol.2(1) 2013: 10-21