bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Selection for, and characterization of, malathion and zeta‐cypermethrin resistance in vineyard‐collected Drosophila melanogaster
Authors: Mertz Robert W. , DeLorenzo Samuel , Sun Haina , Loeb Gregory , Scott Jeffrey G.
Published: December 2022

BACKGROUND

Drosophila melanogaster is a pest in vineyards because of its role in sour rot disease. Insecticides are commonly used, particularly late in the season, to control D. melanogaster and thus sour rot. Use of insecticides in vineyards and neighboring fruit production systems has led to the evolution of insecticide resistance in D. melanogaster, which is now widespread to commonly used insecticides like zeta‐cypermethrin and malathion. Implementation of resistance management strategies is facilitated by an understanding of the mechanisms and genetics underlying the resistance.

RESULTS

Starting with a vineyard‐collected strain of D. melanogaster (NY18), we selected for a strain that was 1100‐fold resistant to zeta‐cypermethrin and one that was 40‐fold resistant to malathion. Resistance was inherited as an incompletely dominant trait for zeta‐cypermethrin. Resistance to malathion was inherited differently between reciprocal crosses. Insecticide bioassays using insecticide synergists found resistance to zeta‐cypermethrin was partly suppressible with either piperonyl butoxide or S,S,S‐tributylphosphorotrithionate, while resistance to malathion was unchanged by the synergists and mutations in Ace associated with the resistance were found.

CONCLUSIONS

Resistance to zeta‐cypermethrin is most likely due to enhanced detoxification, while the results with malathion were associated with two Ace alleles. How the newly selected strains can facilitate diagnostic tools for the identification of the mutations causing the resistance is discussed. © 2022 Society of Chemical Industry.
Molecular diagnostics for monitoring insecticide resistance in the western flower thrips Frankliniella occidentalis
Authors: Mavridis Konstantinos , Ilias Aris , Papapostolou Kyriaki Maria , Varikou Kyriaki , Michaelidou Kleita , Tsagkarakou Anastasia , Vontas John
Published: December 2022

BACKGROUND

Insecticide resistance has emerged in various western flower thrips (WFT) populations across the world, threatening the efficiency of chemical control applications. Elucidation of insecticide resistance mechanisms at the molecular level provides markers for the development of diagnostics to monitor the trait and support evidence‐based resistance management.

RESULTS

TaqMan and Droplet Digital polymerase chain reaction (ddPCR) diagnostics were developed and validated, against Sanger sequencing, in individual and pooled WFT samples respectively, for the G275E mutation (nicotinic acetylcholine receptor α6 gene, nAChR α6) associated with resistance to nAChR allosteric modulators, site I (spinosyns); L1014F, T929I, T929C and T292V mutations (voltage‐gated sodium channel gene, vgsc) linked with pyrethroid resistance; and I1017M (chitin synthase 1 gene, chs1) conferring resistance to growth inhibitors affecting CHS1 (benzoylureas). The detection limits of ddPCR assays for mutant allelic frequencies (MAF) were in the range of 0.1%–0.2%. The assays were applied in nine WFT field populations from Crete, Greece. The G275E (MAF = 29.66%–100.0%), T929I and T929V (combined MAF = 100%), L1014F (MAF = 11.01%–37.29%), and I1017M (MAF = 17.74%–51.07%) mutations were present in all populations.

CONCLUSION

The molecular diagnostics panel that was developed in this study can facilitate the quick and sensitive resistance monitoring of WFT populations at the molecular level, to support evidence‐based insecticide resistance management strategies. © 2022 Society of Chemical Industry.
Caffeic acid phenethyl ester: A review on its pharmacological importance, and its association with free radicals, COVID‐19, and radiotherapy
Authors: Taysi Seyithan , Algburi Firas Shawqi , Taysi Muhammed Enes , Caglayan Cuneyt
Published: December 2022

Caffeic acid phenethyl ester (CAPE), a main active component of propolis and a flavonoid, is one of the natural products that has attracted attention in recent years. CAPE, which has many properties such as anti‐cancer, anti‐inflammatory, antioxidant, antibacterial and anti‐fungal, has shown many pharmacological potentials, including protective effects on multiple organs. Interestingly, molecular docking studies showed the possibility of binding of CAPE with replication enzyme. In addition, it was seen that in order to increase the binding security of the replication enzyme and CAPE, modifications can be made at three sites on the CAPE molecule, which leads to the possibility of the compound working more powerfully and usefully to prevent the proliferation of cancer cells and reduce its rate. Also, it was found that CAPE has an inhibitory effect against the main protease enzyme and may be effective in the treatment of SARS‐CoV‐2. This review covers in detail the importance of CAPE in alternative medicine, its pharmacological value, its potential as a cancer anti‐proliferative agent, its dual role in radioprotection and radiosensitization, and its use against coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID‐19).
Fano resonances and slow light in a nanocavity assisted by metallic nanoparticles‐quantum dot system
Authors: Chen Chen , Wang Yaxue , Wang Wenjuan , Wang Shengjia , Xiahou Kuan , Yu Chunchao , Xiao Xun , Chen Fang , Zhang Huafeng , Sun Lihui
Published: December 2022

Double Fano resonances in a nanocavity assisted by metallic nanoparticles (MNPs)‐quantum dot (QD) system are demonstrated theoretically. The nanocavity is assumed to couple with the QD and QD is assumed to locate in the plasmon field produced by two excited MNPs nearby. The nanocavity is driven by a control field and a probing field. Double Fano resonances can be manipulated by the system parameters such as frequency detuning and coupling strength among the nanocavity, the mechanical oscillator, MNPs and QD. Especially, we find the second Fano resonance appears due to the interaction between the nanocavity with the QD‐MNPs. We also discuss the transmission and group delay in the double Fano resonance transparency windows which show tunable fast and slow light for different probe frequency. Our results may provide possible applications in designing optical buffer, switching, and so forth.
Anti‐unwinding nonsingular terminal sliding mode control with attitude maneuver planning for flexible spacecraft
Authors: Dong Rui‐Qi , Nagamune Ryozo , Wu Ai‐Guo
Published: December 2022

In this article, a novel control approach with a dynamic parameter and an attitude maneuver planning scheme is proposed for flexible spacecraft to achieve anti‐unwinding attitude maneuver control and vibration suppression. In order to suppress the flexible modal vibration of the flexible spacecraft during the attitude maneuver, an attitude maneuver path is planned by the proposed attitude maneuver planning scheme with four input impulses satisfying some conditions. For tracking the planned reference attitude maneuver path without unwinding phenomenon, a robust attitude maneuver controller with a dynamic parameter is proposed based on a novel switching function which contains terminal and non‐terminal sliding manifolds. Besides, the obtained sliding surface contains two equilibria. Finite‐time convergence and unwinding‐free performance of the closed‐loop system are analyzed by Lyapunov theory. The simulation results demonstrate that the proposed attitude control scheme possesses robustness and anti‐unwinding performance. Besides, the flexible vibration can be suppressed by tracking the planned attitude maneuver path.
Pruritus and Brain Tumours: A Prospective and Descriptive Study
Authors: Fardel Marie-Anne , Brenaut Emilie , Guellec Dewi , Etienne Maxime , Fouchard Maxime , Seizeur Romuald , Misery Laurent
Published: December 2022

Background

Pruritus, especially localised to the nostrils, has been reported as a specific sign of brain tumours.

Objectives

The main goal of this study was to estimate the prevalence of pruritus in a group of patients with brain tumours. The second outcome was to better characterise this pruritus with a specific questionnaire and a skin examination.

Methods

From June 2020 to September 2021, all patients with a diagnosis of brain tumour were included in this prospective, monocentric study. If the patient suffered from pruritus, a dermatological examination was performed.

Results

Two hundred patients with brain tumours were included. Thirty-five of them suffered from pruritus (17.5%). Among them, 15 patients did not present with any skin disease, and 8 could have neuropathic pruritus according to the NP5 questionnaire. No patients presented with pruritus of the nostrils.

Discussion

This study did not show clear evidence of specifically localised pruritus induced by brain tumours.

Conclusion

Pruritus observed in patients with brain tumours seems not to be caused by the brain malignancies in most cases. The specific localization to the nostrils cannot be considered a specific marker.
Bismuth‐catalyzed N‐Arylation of 2‐Aminobenzimidazole and Phosphorylation of Substituted Coumarins via C−H functionalization
Authors: Aamir Bin Riyaz M. , Swu T.
Published: December 2022

This work describes BiCl3’s catalytic activity in synthesizing N‐arylbenzimidazole and the phosphorylation of substituted coumarins with alkyl and aryl phosphites. This framework is utilized to synthesize a variety of 2‐aminobenzimidazole and coumarin derivatives in moderate to high yields under mild reaction conditions. The catalyst employed is highly productive, less hazardous, and inexpensive, making it desirable economically and environmentally.
The Next Frontier of 3D Bioprinting: Bioactive Materials Functionalized by Bacteria
Authors: Liu Yifei , Xia Xiudong , Liu Zhen , Dong Mingsheng
Published: December 2022

3D bioprinting has become a flexible technical means used in many fields. Currently, research on 3D bioprinting is mainly focused on the use of mammalian cells to print organ and tissue models, which has greatly promoted progress in the fields of tissue engineering, regenerative medicine, and pharmaceuticals. In recent years, bacterial bioprinting has gradually become a rapidly developing research fields, with a wide range of potential applications in basic research, biomedicine, bioremediation, and other field. Here, this works reviews new research on bacterial bioprinting, and discuss its future research direction.
n‐Hexane Diluted Electrolyte with Ultralow Density enables Li–S Pouch Battery Toward >400 Wh kg−1
Authors: Cheng Hao , Zhang Shichao , Zhang Bing , Lu Yingying
Published: December 2022

Lithium–sulfur (Li‐S) batteries are attractive candidates for next generation energy storage devices due to their high theoretical energy density of up to 2600 Wh kg−1. However, the uneven deposition of lithium, the undesired shuttle of lithium polysulfides (LiPSs), and the excess weight fraction of electrolyte severely impair the practical energy density of Li‐S batteries. Here, a low concentrated and nonpolar n‐hexane (NH)‐diluted electrolyte (named as LCDE) with ultralow‐density to alleviate the above dilemmas is proposed. The nonpolar NH boosts the diffusion of lithium ion in LCDE, favoring the homogeneous deposition of lithium. This nonpolar effect also reduces the solubilities of LiPSs, promoting a quasi‐solid‐state transformation of sulfur chemistry, thus tremendously eradicating the shuttle of LiPSs. Most importantly, the ultra‐light NH diluent enables the LCDE with an ultralow density of only 0.79 g mL−1, which reduces the weight of LCDE by 32.5% compared with conventional ether‐based electrolyte. Owing to all the merits, the Li‐S pouch cell achieves a high energy density up to 417 Wh kg−1. The nonpolar NH‐diluted electrolyte with multifunction presented in this work provides a new and feasible direction to increase the practical energy density of Li‐S batteries.
Phage display for the detection, analysis, disinfection, and prevention of Staphylococcus aureus
Authors: Tian Lei , Jackson Kyle , Chan Michael , Saif Ahmed , He Leon , Didar Tohid F. , Hosseinidoust Zeinab
Published: December 2022

The World Health Organization has designated Staphylococcus aureus as a global health concern. This designation stems from the emergence of multiple drug‐resistant strains that already account for hundreds of thousands of deaths globally. The development of novel treatment strategies to eradicate S. aureus or mitigate its pathogenic potential is desperately needed. In the effort to develop emerging strategies to combat S. aureus, phage display is uniquely positioned to assist in this endeavor. Leveraging bacteriophages, phage display enables researchers to better understand interactions between proteins and their antagonists. In doing so, researchers have the capacity to design novel inhibitors, biosensors, disinfectants, and immune modulators that can target specific S. aureus strains. In this review, we highlight how phage display can be leveraged to design novel solutions to combat S. aureus. We further discuss existing uses of phage display as a detection, intervention, and prevention platform against S. aureus and provide outlooks on how this technology can be optimized for future applications.
Engineered Human Muscle Tissue from Multilayered Aligned Myofiber Sheets for Studies of Muscle Physiology and Predicting Drug Response
Authors: Takahashi Hironobu , Wakayama Haruno , Nagase Kenichi , Shimizu Tatsuya
Published: December 2022

In preclinical drug testing, human muscle tissue models are critical to understanding the complex physiology, including drug effects in the human body. This study reports that a multilayering approach to cell sheet‐based engineering produces an engineered human muscle tissue with sufficient contractile force suitable for measurement. A thermoresponsive micropatterned substrate regulates the biomimetic alignment of myofiber structures enabling the harvest of the aligned myofibers as a single cell sheet. The functional muscle tissue is produced by layering multiple myofiber sheets on a fibrin‐based gel. This gel environment promotes myofiber maturation, provides the tissue an elastic platform for contraction, and allows the attachment of a measurement device. Since this multilayering approach is effective in enhancing the contractile ability of the muscle tissue, this muscle tissue generates a significantly high contractile force that can be measured quantitatively. The multilayered muscle tissue shows unidirectional contraction from electrical and chemical stimulation. In addition, their physiological responses to representative drugs can be determined quantitatively in real time by changes in contractile force and fatigue resistance. These physiological properties indicate that the engineered muscle tissue can become a promising tissue model for preclinical in vitro studies in muscle physiology and drug discovery.
Rational Design of Advanced Triboelectric Materials for Energy Harvesting and Emerging Applications
Authors: Duan Qingshan , Peng Weiqing , He Juanxia , Zhang Zhijun , Wu Zecheng , Zhang Ye , Wang Shuangfei , Nie Shuangxi
Published: December 2022

The properties of materials play a significant role in triboelectric nanogenerators (TENGs). Advanced triboelectric materials for TENGs have attracted tremendous attention because of their superior advantages (e.g., high specific surface area, high porosity, and customizable macrostructure). These advanced materials can be extensively applied in numerous fields, including energy harvester, wearable electronics, filtration, and self‐powered sensors. Hence, designing triboelectric materials as advanced functional materials is important for the development of TENGs. Herein, the structural modification methods based on electrospinning to improve the triboelectric properties and the latest research progress in this kind of TENGs are systematically summarized. Preparation methods and design trends of nanofibers, microspheres, hierarchical structures, and doping nanomaterials are highlighted. The factors influencing the formation and properties of triboelectric materials are considered. Furthermore, the latest progress on the applications of TENGs is systematically elaborated. Finally, the challenges in the development of triboelectric materials are discussed, thereby guiding researchers in the large‐scale application of TENGs.
Integrated Gas Diffusion Electrode with High Conductivity Obtained by Skin Electroplating for High Specific Power Density Fuel Cell
Authors: Ning Fandi , Chai Zhi , Dan Xiong , Liu Pei , Wen Qinglin , Pan Saifei , He Can , Li Yali , Jin Hanqing , Li Wei , Xu Pengpeng , Chen Jiafan , Wei Jun , Zhou Xiaochun
Published: December 2022

Smaller volume/weight and higher output power/energy density are always the goals of electrochemistry energy devices. Here, a simple strategy is proposed to prepare an integrated gas diffusion electrode (GDE) with high conductivity through skin electroplating. The skin electroplating is the combination of magnetron sputtering and spatial confinement electroplating. The electroplated metal obtained by skin electroplating is uniformly, continuously, and tightly attached to the surface of carbon paper like a layer of skin. Uniform and continuous electroplating metal layer endows the integrated electrode excellent conductivity with the square resistance as low as 27 mΩ sq−1. In application, the self‐breathing fuel cell with 1 cm2 active area can harvest ultrahigh volume specific power density (20.9 kW L−1). Additionally, the weight of the fuel cell stack (23 W) with the integrated electrode is only 20 g, which is only 7% of the commercial stack with the same power. The mass specific power density reaches 1150 W kg−1, which is 15 times of the commercial stack. Outstandingly, the stack can charge 4 mobile phones at the same time. More importantly, the skin electroplating provides an effective strategy to improve the specific power density of other energy devices including Zn‐air batteries, Li‐air batteries, and so on.
Moral economies for water: A framework for analyzing norms of justice, economic behavior, and social enforcement in the contexts of water inequality
Authors: Beresford Melissa , Wutich Amber , Garrick Dustin , Drew Georgina
Published: December 2022

Over the past two decades, scholars have invoked E. P. Thompson's and James Scott's concept of a “moral economy” to explain how people mobilize notions of justice to make claims to water. We draw together 20 years of literature to assess the state‐of‐the‐art present in research on moral economies for water. We trace the historical foundations of the moral economies concept and its relevance to water; define the three basic components of a moral economy for water—(1) shared understandings of justice, (2) normative economic practices, (3) social pressure mechanisms—and provide examples of how they manifest globally. We then discuss how moral economies for water can cycle through four basic states—balanced struggle, intensified reaction, mass revolt, and collapse and dissolution—at different scales. We also explore the implications of the moral economies framework for key areas of current research on water: water sharing, water commons, water markets, and biocultural outcomes, and discuss the ways in which the moral economies framework dovetails with recent advances in water research, especially the economics of water and development. We argue that the moral economies framework is a powerful explanatory tool for understanding the relationships between ideas of water justice, economic behaviors, and mechanisms of social enforcement that complements other methodological approaches and theoretical perspectives. We envision moral economies for water as a field that can facilitate a range of norm‐based analyses of economic behavior and water justice, including across scales—from local to global—and in broad, integrative, multiscalar, and cross‐disciplinary ways.

This article is categorized under:

Human Water > Water Governance

Human Water > Value of Water

Human Water > Rights to Water
Ger1 is a secreted aspartic acid protease essential for spore germination in Ustilago maydis
Authors: Mukherjee Subhasish , Bhakta Koustav , Ghosh Abhrajyoti , Ghosh Anupama
Published: December 2022

Ustilago maydis expresses a number of proteases during its pathogenic lifecycle. Some of the proteases including both intracellular and extracellular ones have previously been shown to influence the virulence of the pathogen. However, any role of secreted proteases in the sporulation process of U. maydis have not been explored earlier. In this study we have investigated the biological function of one such secreted protease, Ger1 belonging to aspartic protease A1 family. An assessment of the real time expression of ger1 revealed an infection specific expression of the protein especially during late phases of infection. We also evaluated any contribution of the protein in the pathogenicity of the fungus. Our data revealed an involvement of Ger1 in the sporulation and spore germination processes of U. maydis. Ger1 also showed positive influence on the pathogenicity of the fungus and accordingly the ger1 deletion mutant exhibited reduced pathogenicity. The study also demonstrated the protease activity associated with Ger1 to be essential for its biological function. Fluorescence microscopy of maize plants infected with U. maydis cells expressing Ger1‐mcherry‐HA also revealed that Ger1 is efficiently secreted within maize apoplast.
On Resolution Matrices
Authors: An Meijian
Published: December 2022

Solution appraisal, which has been realized on the basis of projections from the true medium to the solution, is an essential procedure in practical studies, especially in computer tomography. The projection operator in a linear problem or its linear approximation in a nonlinear problem is the resolution matrix for the solution (or model). Practical applications of a resolution matrix can be used to quantitatively retrieve the resolvability of the medium, the constrainability of the solution parameters, and the relationship between the solution and the factors in the study system. A given row vector of the matrix for a solution parameter can be used to quantify the resolvability, deviation from expectation, and difference between that solution parameter and its neighbor from the main-diagonal element, row-vector sum, and difference between neighboring elements in the row vector, respectively. The resolution length of a solution parameter should be estimated from the row vector, although it may be unreliable when the vector is unstable (e.g., due to errors). Comparatively, the resolution lengths that are estimated from the column vectors of the observation-constrained parameters are reliable in this instance. Previous studies have generally employed either the direct resolution matrix or the hybrid resolution matrix as the model resolution matrix. The direct resolution matrix and hybrid resolution matrix in an inversion with damping (or general Tikhonov regularization) are Gramian (e.g., symmetric). The hybrid resolution matrix in an inversion using zero-row-sum regularization matrices (e.g., higher-order Tikhonov regularizations) is one-row-sum but is not a stochastic matrix. When the two resolution matrices appear in iterative nonlinear inversions, they are not a projection of the solution, but rather the gradient of the projection or a projection of the solution improvement immediately after a given iteration. Regardless, their resultant resolution lengths in iterative nonlinear inversions of surface-wave dispersion remain similar to those from the projection of the solution. The solution is influenced by various factors in the study, but the direct resolution matrix is derived only from the observation matrix, whereas the hybrid resolution matrix is derived from the observation and regularization matrices. The limitations imply that the appropriateness using the two resolution matrices may be questionable in practical applications. Here we propose a new complete resolution matrix to overcome the limitations, in which all of the factors (e.g., errors) in linear or nonlinear (inverse or non-inverse) studies can be incorporated. Insights on all of the above are essential for ensuring a reliable and appropriate application of the resolution matrix to appraise the model/solution and understand the relationship between the solution and all of the factors in the study system, which is also important for improving the system.
What do bereaved relatives of cancer patients dying in hospital want to tell us? Analysis of free-text comments from the International Care of the Dying Evaluation (i-CODE) survey: a mixed methods approach
Authors: Gerlach Christina , Baus Miriam , Gianicolo Emilio , Bayer Oliver , Haugen Dagny Faksvåg , Weber Martin , Mayland Catriona R. ,   ERANet-LAC CODE Core scientific group, Sigurdardottir Katrin , Hansen Marit Irene Tuen , Hufthammer Karl Ove , Leppert Wojciech , Wolszczak Katarzyna , Yanneo Eduardo Garcia , Tripodoro Vilma , Goldraij Gabriel , Gerlach Christina , Zambon Lair , Passarini Juliana Nalin , Saad Ivete Bredda , Ellershaw John , Ting Grace
Published: December 2022

Purpose

We conducted an international survey of bereaved relatives of cancer patients dying in hospitals in seven countries, with the aim to assess and improve the quality of care. The survey used the i-CODE (International Care of the Dying Evaluation) questionnaire. Here, we report findings from the free-text comments submitted with the questionnaires. We explored for topic areas which would potentially be important for improving the quality of care. Further, we examined who reported free-texts and in what way, to reduce bias without ignoring the function the free-texts may have for those contributing.

Methods

We used a combined qualitative-quantitative approach: logistic regression analysis to study the effect of respondents’ socio-demographic characteristics on the probability of free-texts contributions and thematic analysis to understand the free-text meaning. The primary survey outcomes, (1) how frequently the dying person was treated with dignity and respect and (2) support for the relative, were related to free-text content.

Results

In total, 914 questionnaires were submitted; 457/914 (50%) contained free-text comments. We found no socio-demographic differences between the respondents providing free-texts and those who did not. We discovered different types of free-texts (“feedback,” “narrative,” “self-revelation”) containing themes of which “continuity of care,” “the one person who can make a difference,” and “the importance of being a companion to the dying” represent care dimensions supplementing the questionnaire items. A free-text type of grateful feedback was associated with well perceived support for the relative.

Conclusion

Bereaved relatives used the free-texts to report details related to i-CODE items and to dimensions otherwise not represented. They highlighted the importance of the perceived support from human interaction between staff and the dying patient and themselves; and that more than professional competence alone, personal, meaningful interactions have profound importance.
Anhaltend spannend – das zu kurze Zungenband, Teil 1
Authors: Guóth-Gumberger Márta , Karall Daniela
Published: December 2022

Die Zunge hat eine zentrale Aufgabe bei vielerlei Aufgaben. Stillen, angemessene Ernährung und altersgemäßer Gewichtsverlauf sind einige davon – und wichtige Anliegen in der Pädiatrie. Auch bei Problemen mit Essen, Aussprache, Schlucken oder Zahnstellung kann eine eingeschränkte Zungenbeweglichkeit durch ein zu kurzes Zungenband eine Rolle spielen, da dadurch die erforderlichen Lernprozesse für die Bewegung der Zunge behindert werden.

Das Wissen um die möglichen Folgen eines zu kurzen Zungenbands hat in den letzten Jahrzehnten vermehrt an Kenntnis gewonnen. Die ausgeprägte Variante des zu kurzen Zungenbands, das Frenulum linguae breve anterior (oder: zu kurzes Zungenband mit Ansatz an der Zungenspitze), ist sichtbar und wird meist behandelt; seltener die posteriore Variante, das zu kurze Zungenband mit Ansatz hinter der Zungenspitze, bei der die Zungenspitze frei ist und keine Einkerbung zeigt.

Die Auseinandersetzung mit der Anatomie der Strukturen in der Mundhöhle, mit den unterschiedlichen Möglichkeiten der Beurteilung der Funktion der Zunge und der unterschiedlichen Möglichkeiten der Frenotomie als Behandlung eines zu kurzen Zungenbands sollen die Beurteilung unterstützen, wann und bei wem eine Behandlung sinnvoll ist und wann nicht, und welche begleitenden Maßnahmen empfohlen werden sollten.

Wenn ein zu kurzes Zungenband unerkannt bleibt, wirken die zur Lösung der Symptome ergriffenen Maßnahmen oft nicht wie erwünscht. Daher ist es essenziell zu erkennen, wann eine Behandlung des zu kurzen Zungenbands sinnvoll ist, wann nicht, und wie sie mit anderen Maßnahmen verbunden werden kann, damit das Ergebnis – nämlich eine verbesserte Beweglichkeit der Zunge für die erforderlichen Funktionen – erreicht wird.

In dieser dreiteiligen Serie zum Thema zu kurzes Zungenband wird ein vertiefter Überblick über das Thema geschaffen, insbesondere über den Zusammenhang mit Stillen, Ernährung, Gewichtsverlauf, Sprache und Zahnstellung.

Dieser erste Teil befasst sich mit der Beurteilung des zu kurzen Zungenbands, mit Hinweis auf die Notwendigkeit eines multifaktoriellen Beurteilungskonzepts, das Vor- und Nachsorge sowie die Zusammenarbeit mit anderen Fachkräften und die Beschäftigung mit erstellten Fotos (und Videos) berücksichtigt.

Die Teile 2 und 3, die in den nächsten Folgen von Pädiatrie & Pädologie erscheinen, behandeln die Behandlungsmethoden des zu kurzen Zungenbands und die Problemfelder bezüglich der Behandlungsmethoden bei zu kurzem Zungenband (und Lippenband) und in der Nachbehandlung des zu kurzen Zungenbands.

Die Schritte der Beurteilung, Indikationsstellung/Diagnose und Therapie sowie die Nachsorge werden evidenzbasiert besprochen, mit dem Ziel, dass die Betroffenen und deren Familien die benötigte Hilfe kompetent und zeitgerecht erhalten.
Efficacy and Safety of Inclisiran in Patients with Polyvascular Disease: Pooled, Post Hoc Analysis of the ORION-9, ORION-10, and ORION-11 Phase 3 Randomized Controlled Trials
Authors: Koenig Wolfgang , Conde Lorena Garcia , Landmesser Ulf , Leiter Lawrence A. , Ray Kausik K. , Schwartz Gregory G. , Wright R Scott , Han Jackie , Raal Frederick J.
Published: December 2022

Purpose

Patients with polyvascular disease (PVD) are at very high cardiovascular risk and require intensive lipid-lowering therapy. This analysis describes the lipid-lowering efficacy and safety of inclisiran versus placebo in patients with and without PVD.

Methods

In this post hoc analysis of the ORION-9, ORION-10, and ORION-11 trials, patients were randomized 1:1 to receive 284 mg inclisiran (300 mg inclisiran sodium) or placebo on day 1, day 90, and 6-monthly thereafter. Percentage change in low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) from baseline to day 510 and corresponding time-adjusted change from day 90 and up to day 540 were evaluated per patients’ PVD status. Safety was assessed over 540 days.

Results

Of 3454 patients, 470 (13.6%) had PVD, and 2984 (86.4%) did not. Baseline characteristics were generally balanced between the treatment arms in both cohorts. A greater proportion of patients with PVD had comorbidities versus those without. The mean (95% confidence interval [CI]) placebo-corrected LDL-C percentage change from baseline to day 510 was −48.9% (−55.6 to −42.2) in patients with PVD and −51.5% (−53.9 to −49.1) in patients without. Proportions of patients with reported treatment-emergent adverse events (TEAEs) and treatment-emergent serious adverse events were similar between treatment arms, irrespective of PVD status, except for an excess of mild or moderate clinically relevant TEAEs at the injection site with inclisiran.

Conclusion

Twice-yearly inclisiran dosing (after the initial and 3-month doses) was well tolerated and provided effective and sustained lipid-lowering in patients, irrespective of PVD status.
Failing parametrizations: what can go wrong when approximating spectral submanifolds
Authors: Stoychev Alexander K. , Römer Ulrich J.
Published: December 2022

Invariant manifolds provide useful insights into the behavior of nonlinear dynamical systems. For conservative vibration problems, Lyapunov subcenter manifolds constitute the nonlinear extension of spectral subspaces consisting of one or more modes of the linearized system. Conversely, spectral submanifolds represent the spectral dynamics of non-conservative, nonlinear problems. While finding global invariant manifolds remains a challenge, approximations thereof can be simple to acquire and still provide an effective framework for analyzing a wide variety of problems near equilibrium solutions. This approach has been successfully employed to study both the behavior of autonomous systems and the effects of non-autonomous forcing. The current computation strategies rely on a parametrization of the invariant manifold and the reduced dynamics thereon via truncated power series. While this leads to efficient recursive algorithms, the problem itself is ambiguous, since it permits the use of various approaches for constructing the reduced system to which the invariant manifold is conjugated. Although this ambiguity is well known, it is rarely discussed and usually resolved by an ad hoc choice of method, the effects of which are mostly neglected. In this contribution, we first analyze the performance of three popular approaches for constructing the conjugate system: the graph style parametrization, the normal form parametrization, and the normal form parametrization for “near resonances.” We then show that none of them is always superior to the others and discuss the potential benefits of tailoring the parametrization to the analyzed system. As a means for illustrating the latter, we introduce an alternative strategy for constructing the reduced dynamics and apply it to two examples from the literature, which results in a significantly improved approximation quality.
Barley RIC157, a potential RACB scaffold protein, is involved in susceptibility to powdery mildew
Authors: Engelhardt Stefan , Trutzenberg Adriana , Kopischke Michaela , Probst Katja , McCollum Christopher , Hofer Johanna , Hückelhoven Ralph
Published: December 2022

Key message

CRIB motif-containing barley RIC157 is a novel ROP scaffold protein that interacts directly with barley RACB, promotes susceptibility to fungal penetration, and colocalizes with RACB at the haustorial neck.

Successful obligate pathogens benefit from host cellular processes. For the biotrophic ascomycete fungus Blumeria hordei (Bh) it has been shown that barley RACB, a small monomeric G-protein (ROP, Rho of plants), is required for full susceptibility to fungal penetration. The susceptibility function of RACB probably lies in its role in cell polarity, which may be co-opted by the pathogen for invasive ingrowth of its haustorium. However, how RACB supports fungal penetration success and which other host proteins coordinate this process is incompletely understood. RIC (ROP-Interactive and CRIB-(Cdc42/Rac Interactive Binding) motif-containing) proteins are considered scaffold proteins which can interact directly with ROPs via a conserved CRIB motif. Here we describe a previously uncharacterized barley RIC protein, RIC157, which can interact directly with RACB in planta. We show that, in the presence of constitutively activated RACB, RIC157 shows a localization at the cell periphery/plasma membrane, whereas it otherwise localizes to the cytoplasm. RIC157 appears to mutually stabilize the plasma membrane localization of the activated ROP. During fungal infection, RIC157 and RACB colocalize at the penetration site, particularly at the haustorial neck. Additionally, transiently overexpressed RIC157 renders barley epidermal cells more susceptible to fungal penetration. We discuss that RIC157 may promote fungal penetration into barley epidermal cells by operating probably downstream of activated RACB.
Development and validation of a risk nomogram model for predicting pulmonary hypertension in patients with stage 3–5 chronic kidney disease
Authors: Hu Yue , Wang Xiaotong , Xiao Shengjue , Wu Huimin , Huan Chunyan , Xu Tao , Guo Minjia , Liu Ailin , Jiang Xiaoyao , Wang Jia , Zhu Hong , Pan Defeng
Published: December 2022

Objectives

The occurrence of pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH) can greatly affect the prognosis of patients with chronic kidney disease (CKD). We aimed to construct a nomogram to predict the probability of PAH development in patients with stage 3–5 CKD to guide early intervention and to improve prognosis.

Methods

From August 2018 to December 2021, we collected the data of 1258 patients with stage 3–5 CKD hospitalized at the Affiliated Hospital of Xuzhou Medical University as a training set and 389 patients hospitalized at Zhongda Hospital as a validation set. These patients were divided into PAH and N-PAH groups with pulmonary arterial systolic pressure ≥ 35 mmHg as the cutoff. The results of univariate and multivariate logistic regression analyses were used to establish the nomogram. Then, areas under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUC-ROCs), a calibration plot, and decision curve analysis (DCA) were used to validate the nomogram.

Results

The nomogram included nine variables: age, diabetes mellitus, hemoglobin, platelet count, serum creatinine, left ventricular end-diastolic diameter, left atrial diameter, main pulmonary artery diameter and left ventricular ejection fraction. The AUC-ROCs of the training set and validation set were 0.801 (95% confidence interval (CI) 0.771–0.830) and 0.760 (95% CI 0.699–0.818), respectively, which showed good discriminative ability of the nomogram. The calibration diagram showed good agreement between the predicted and observed results. DCA also demonstrated that the nomogram could be clinically useful.

Conclusion

The evaluation of the nomogram model for predicting PAH in patients with CKD based on risk factors showed its ideal efficacy. Thus, the nomogram can be used to screen for patients at high risk for PAH and has guiding value for the subsequent formulation of prevention strategies and clinical treatment.
Leberteilresektionen bei Lebermetastasen – neue translationale Konzepte
Authors: Khatib-Chahidi Karl , Bockhorn Maximilian , Troja Achim
Published: December 2022

Leberteilresektionen sind fester Bestandteil in der Behandlung von Lebermetastasen. Dies betrifft insbesondere Lebermetastasen kolorektalen Ursprungs, wie aber auch Absiedlungen von anderen Tumoren (neuroendokrin, Mamma, Magen, Pankreas etc.). Die Entfernung von Lebertumoren als Ganzes und im Ganzen ist die effektivste Therapie im Hinblick auf Kuration. Je nach Lokalisation, Größe und/oder auch Anzahl der Läsionen kommen unterschiedliche leberchirurgische Techniken zum Einsatz. Dies beinhaltet zum einen Instrumente, um das Leberparenchym zu versiegeln und zu durchtrennen, und zum anderen auch ergänzende, z. B. interventionelle/ablative Verfahren. Eingebettet werden solche Resektionen ggf. in perioperative Systemtherapien, die zur Überbrückung oder Verkleinerung von Läsionen eingesetzt werden. Moderne multimodale Therapieplanungen mit Reevaluationen sollten in spezialisierten Tumorboards besprochen werden. Ein Schwerpunkt hierbei sollte auf der Einschätzung einer möglichen Resektabilität liegen, um letztendlich das prinzipielle Therapiekonzept hinsichtlich palliativen oder kurativen Managements optimal festlegen zu können.
Bausteine und Strukturen für eine leistungsfähige Real-World-Data-Analyse
Authors: Swart Enno , Gothe Holger , Ihle Peter
Published: December 2022

Hintergrund

Die Real-World-Data (RWD)-Analyse hat in den vergangenen Jahren eine erhebliche Dynamik entwickelt, gefördert durch gestiegene Möglichkeiten der (explorativen) Analyse großer Datenmengen und parallel durch die zunehmende Verfügbarkeit bislang für die Wissenschaft nicht zugänglicher Datenkörper.

Ziel der Arbeit

Der nächste Entwicklungsschritt der RWD-Analyse ist ihre wissenschaftliche Etablierung in Form von Netzwerkbildung und formeller Organisation sowie Generierung spezifischer Methoden. Auf diesem Weg können Erfahrungen aus der Entwicklung der Sekundärdatenanalyse als Teil der RWD-Analyse hilfreich sein. Es wird diskutiert, inwieweit maßgebliche Schritte in diesem Prozess und dabei entstandene wissenschaftliche Produkte als Vorbild für die RWD-Analyse dienen können, exemplarisch dargestellt an den Aktivitäten der Arbeitsgruppe Erhebung und Nutzung von Sekundärdaten (AGENS).

Material und Methoden

Aus maßgeblichen Entwicklungsphasen der AGENS in den vergangenen 25 Jahren werden potenzielle Prozesse und Strukturen für eine Fortentwicklung der RWD-Analyse abgeleitet.

Ergebnisse

Die wesentlichen Charakteristika der aktuellen Arbeit der AGENS und damit auch der Strukturen der Sekundärdatenanalyse sind: a) Netzwerkbildung von Wissenschaftler:innen aus Forschung und Entwicklung sowie Vertreter:innen der Dateneigner:innen, b) Entwicklung spezifischer wissenschaftlicher Standards, c) die wissenschaftliche Sichtbarkeit durch Schwerpunktbeiträge, Journale und Tagungsformate, d) eigenständige Angebote für Aus- und Weiterbildung von Nachwuchswissenschaftler:innen, e) die laufende Verbesserung des Forschungsfelds durch Erschließung neuer Datenkörper.

Schlussfolgerung

Die Entwicklung der Sekundärdatenanalyse als wichtiger Teil der RWD-Analyse liefert Ansatzpunkte für deren Etablierung als eigenständiger Wissenschaftszweig.
Triple-Negative Breast Cancer: Multimodality Appearance
Authors: Chen Iris E. , Lee-Felker Stephanie
Published: December 2022

Purpose of Review

Triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) represents about 15–20% of all breast cancers and often presents as an aggressive cancer with poor prognosis compared to other forms of breast cancer. This article will review the clinical manifestations, imaging features, pathology correlation, treatment and management, and prognosis of TNBC.

Recent Findings

While mammography and ultrasound can be used to diagnose TNBC, MRI is the most accurate and sensitive modality to detect TNBC at nearly 100% sensitivity. Contrast-enhanced breast MRI is the optimal imaging study for assessing response to neoadjuvant chemotherapy and can be used to tailor systemic therapy.

Understanding the imaging appearance of TNBC is imperative to diagnose TNBC accurately and to help guide management.
Heat control and design-related effects on the properties and welding stresses in WAAM components of high-strength structural steels
Authors: Scharf-Wildenhain R. , Haelsig A. , Hensel J. , Wandtke K. , Schroepfer D. , Kannengiesser T.
Published: December 2022

Commercial high-strength filler metals for wire arc additive manufacturing (WAAM) are already available. However, widespread industrial use is currently limited due to a lack of quantitative knowledge and guidelines regarding welding stresses and component safety during manufacture and operation for WAAM structures. In a joint research project, the process- and material-related as well as design influences associated with residual stress formation and the risk of cold cracking are being investigated. For this purpose, reference specimens are welded fully automated with defined dimensions and systematic variation of heat control using a special, high-strength WAAM filler metal (yield strength > 790 MPa). Heat control is varied by means of heat input (200–650 kJ/m) and interlayer temperature (100–300 °C). The ∆t8/5 cooling times correspond with the recommendations of filler metal producers (approx. 5–20 s). For this purpose, additional thermo-physical forming simulations using a dilatometer allowed the complex heat cycles to be reproduced and the resulting ultimate tensile strength of the weld metal to be determined. Welding parameters and AM geometry are correlated with the resulting microstructure, hardness, and residual stress state. High heat input leads to a lower tensile stress in the component and may cause unfavorable microstructure and mechanical properties. However, a sufficiently low interlayer temperature is likely to be suitable for obtaining adequate properties at a reduced tensile stress level when welding with high heat input. The component design affects heat dissipation conditions and the intensity of restraint during welding and has a significant influence on the residual stress. These complex interactions are analyzed within this investigation. The aim is to provide easily applicable processing recommendations and standard specifications for an economical, appropriate, and crack-safe WAAM of high-strength steels.
Human-centred cyber secure software engineering
Authors: Renaud Karen
Published: December 2022

Software runs our modern day lives: our shopping, our transport and our medical devices. Hence, no citizen can escape the consequences of poor software engineering. A closely-aligned concern, which also touches every aspect of our lives, is cyber security. Software has to be developed with cybersecurity threats in mind, in order to design resistance and resilience into the software, given that they are often rooted in malicious human behaviour. Both software engineering and cyber security disciplines need to acknowledge and accommodate humans, not expect perfect performances. This is a position paper, delineating the extent of the challenge posed by this reality, and suggesting ways for accommodating the influence of human nature on secure software engineering.

Practical Relevance: Socio-technical systems are made up of people, processes and technology. All can fail or be suboptimal. Software itself, being designed, developed and used by humans, is likely to malfunction. This could be caused by human error, or by malice. This paper highlights this reality, taking a closer look at all of the possible sources of malfunctioning technology. By doing so, I hope to infuse the management of socio-technical systems with an understanding and acknowledgement of this reality.
Growth and photosynthetic performance of Nostoc linckia (formerly N. calcicola) cells grown in BG11 and BG110 media
Authors: Touloupakis Eleftherios , Zittelli Graziella Chini , Benavides Ana Margarita Silva , Torzillo Giuseppe
Published: December 2022

The biotechnological potential of Nostoc linckia as a biofertilizer and source of bioactive compounds makes it important to study its growth physiology and productivity. Since nitrogen is a fundamental component of N. linckia biomass, we compared the growth and biochemical composition of cultures grown in BG11 (i.e., in the presence of nitrate) and BG110 (in the absence of nitrate). Cultures grown in BG11 accumulated more cell biomass reaching a dry weight of 1.65 ± 0.06 g L–1, compared to 0.92 ± 0.01 g L–1 in BG110 after 240 h of culture. Biomass productivity was higher in culture grown in BG11 medium (average 317 ± 38 mg L–1 day–1) compared to that attained in BG110 (average 262 ± 37 mg L–1 day–1). The chlorophyll content of cells grown in BG11 increased continuously up to (39.0 ± 1.3 mg L–1), while in BG110 it increased much more slowly (13.6 ± 0.8 mg L–1). Biomass grown in BG11 had higher protein and phycobilin contents. However, despite the differences in biochemical composition and pigment concentration, between BG11 and BG110 cultures, both their net photosynthetic rates and maximum quantum yields of the photosystem II resulted in similar.

Graphical Abstract