bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Fuel Cell Electric Vehicle Hydrogen Consumption and Battery Cycle Optimization Using Bald Eagle Search Algorithm
Authors: Savran Efe , Karpat Esin , Karpat Fatih
Published: September 2024

In this study, the Bald Eagle Search Algorithm performed hydrogen consumption and battery cycle optimization of a fuel cell electric vehicle. To save time and cost, the digital vehicle model created in Matlab/Simulink and validated with real-world driving data is the main platform of the optimization study. The digital vehicle model was run with the minimum and maximum battery charge states determined by the Bald Eagle Search Algorithm, and hydrogen consumption and battery cycle values were obtained. By using the algorithm and digital vehicle model together, hydrogen consumption was minimized and range was increased. It was aimed to extend the life of the parts by considering the battery cycle. At the same time, the number of battery packs was included in the optimization and its effect on consumption was investigated. According to the study results, the total hydrogen consumption of the fuel cell electric vehicle decreased by 57.8% in the hybrid driving condition, 23.3% with two battery packs, and 36.27% with three battery packs in the constant speed driving condition.
Analysis and Optimization of the Stray Capacitance of Rogowski Coils
Authors: Wang Jiawei , Wang Huifu , Mao Minyu , Ma Xikui
Published: September 2024

In this work, the lumped model of Rogowski coils is briefly reviewed to illustrate that the reduction in stray capacitance expands the bandwidth and improves the high-frequency performance. Then, a network model as well as explicit formulas for the stray capacitance of Rogowski coils are established, and the influence of geometrical parameters of the skeletons on the stray capacitance is investigated. It is found that the stray capacitance of Rogowski coils is approximately proportional to the perimeter of the skeleton cross-section. Based on the above discussion, optimization of the shape of the skeleton cross-section, aiming at minimizing the perimeter without affecting the magnetic flux and mutual inductance of the coils, is carried out. The widely adopted circular and rectangular cross-sections are discussed first. Then, the cross-section of an arbitrary smooth and convex shape is optimized by solving a constrained variational problem, leading to an explicit equation for the optimal skeleton cross-section of Rogowski coils. Numerical results demonstrate that, compared with the common circular and rectangular skeleton cross-sections, the proposed optimal cross-section exhibits the shortest perimeter and thus the highest upper cutoff frequency under fixed magnetic flux. The optimization method developed by this work can provide a theoretical basis and guidance for the design of Rogowski coils.
Combined Sweeping and Jumping Method to Enhance Node Insertion Algorithm for Wi-Fi Sensor Networks
Authors: Choi Woo-Yong
Published: September 2024

Two dominant driving forces for evolving communication technologies in the current society have been the proliferation of wireless access networks to the Internet and the broadbandization of access and infrastructure networks. Through these evolutions of communication technologies, high-resolution contents are instantly delivered to wireless devices such as mobile phones, wireless tablets, and headsets. Recently, wireless sensor networks, where up to 1000 low-power sensors are wirelessly connected to each other, have been created and connected to the Internet, which presents a new challenge of efficiently coordinating the transmissions of many wireless sensors with minimal transmission overheads. Developing an efficient Medium Access Control (MAC) protocol governing the transmissions of wireless sensor networks is crucial for the success of wireless sensor networks for the realization of the Internet of Things (IoT). In 2023, the node insertion algorithm was proposed to efficiently derive the minimal number of serially connected multipolling sequences of many wireless sensors, by which Access Points (APs) can poll wireless sensors with minimal polling overheads. In this paper, the combined sweeping and jumping method is presented to dramatically enhance the searching performance of the node insertion algorithm. To validate the performance of the combined sweeping and jumping method, simulation results are presented for wireless sensor networks where wireless sensors with varying transmission ranges exist.
Photocatalytic Degradation of Selected Non-Opioid Analgesics Driven by Solar Light Exposure
Authors: Pobozy Ewa , Kaczmarek Sylwia , Miecznikowski Krzysztof , Pyrzynska Krystyna , Biesaga Magdalena
Published: September 2024

The residues of pharmaceutical compounds are often resistant to degradation, causing an environmental problem. Our research aimed to perform a study of the photocatalytic and photoelectrocatalytic degradation of non-opioid analgesic paracetamol and some of the non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) (ketoprofen, naproxen, diclofenac, and ibuprofen). Semiconductor WO3, Fe2O3, and WO3/Fe2O3 photocatalysis using solar energy lamps were applied for this purpose. As a result of the photocatalytic processes, high decomposition efficiency was obtained for ketoprofen (97%) and naproxen (70%). Low photodegradation yields were achieved for diclofenac. Under the used measurement conditions, both paracetamol and ibuprofen were not degraded.
Three-Phase Single-Stage AC-DC Converter Using Series–Series Compensation Circuit in Inductive-Power-Transfer-Based Small Wind Power Generation System
Authors: Moon Yu-jin , Park Beom-su , Kim Sang-kyu , Kim Eun-soo , Won Jong-seob , Kang Sung-soo , Kim Jun-young
Published: September 2024

In this paper, a three-phase single-stage AC-DC converter for an IPT-based small wind power generation system (WPGS) with an S-S compensation circuit is proposed. It applies a three-phase single-stage AC-DC converter to improve the input power factor (PF), efficiency, and reliability in small WPGSs. Also, inductive power transfer (IPT) was applied to compensate for brush wear in the nacelle of small and medium-sized wind turbines while ensuring electrical safety. In conditions of the three-phase Permanent Magnet Synchronous Generator (PMSG) voltage (80~260 Vrms) for the wind turbine and the load (150~1000 W), it was verified that the desired output voltage below 3% can be controlled through the fixed link voltage (VLink) control without wireless communication. A 1 kW prototype was built and tested to demonstrate its applicability to the rotation of small and medium-sized wind turbine nacelles instead of brushes and slip rings.
Electronic Fourier–Galois Spectrum Analyzer for the Field GF(31)
Authors: Kadyrzhan Kaisarali , Kaldybekov Daulet , Baipakbaeva Saltanat , Vitulyova Yelizaveta , Matrassulova Dinara , Suleimenov Ibragim
Published: September 2024

A scheme for the Fourier–Galois spectrum analyzer for the field GF(31) is proposed. It is shown that this analyzer allows for solving a wide enough range of problems related to image processing, in particular those arising in the course of experimental studies in the field of physical chemistry. Such images allow digital processing when divided into a relatively small number of pixels, which creates an opportunity to use Galois fields of relatively small size. The choice of field GF(31) is due to the fact that the number 31 is a Mersenne prime number, which considerably simplifies the algorithm of calculating the Fourier–Galois transform in this field. The proposed scheme of the spectrum analyzer is focused on the use of threshold sensors, at the output of which signals corresponding to binary logic are formed. Due to this fact, further simplification of the proposed analyzer scheme is achieved. The constructiveness of the proposed approach is proven using digital modeling of electronic circuits. It is concluded that when solving applied problems in which an image can be divided into a relatively small number of pixels, it is important to take into account the specificity of particular Galois fields used for their digital processing.
Hormonal Balance and Cardiovascular Health: Exploring the Interconnection between Menopause, Body Composition, and Thyroid Function in a Cohort of Hypertensive Women
Authors: Pala Barbara , Tocci Giuliano , Nardoianni Giulia , Barbato Emanuele , Cianci Rossella , Gualtieri Paola , Frank Giulia , Di Renzo Laura
Published: September 2024

Background. The rise in global obesity has worsened the prevalence of metabolic syndrome and related cardiovascular complications, particularly among post-menopausal women. Dysfunctions in thyroid hormone activity, critical for metabolic regulation, are often implicated in obesity and its associated conditions. This study evaluated the interactions between thyroid function, body composition, and cardiovascular health in post-menopausal women. Material and Methods. We conducted an observational, prospective, open-label clinical study, involving post-menopausal women, stratified into two groups based on weight changes after menopause: the Menopausal Weight Gain Group (MWGG) and the Menopausal Weight Maintenance Group (MWMG). We included 12 cases (MWGG) and 8 control (MWMG) women. Participants underwent cardio-metabolic assessments, including evaluations of thyroid function, blood pressure, arterial stiffness, body composition, and cardiovascular risk profiles. The statistical analysis employed t-tests and Pearson correlations. Results. The MWGG showed significant increases in both the Augmentation Index (AI@75) and adiposity markers (BMI, total fat mass, in percentage and kg, and lean–to–fat mass ratio) compared to the MWMG. A notable decrease in FT3 and the FT3/FT4 ratio was observed in the MWGG. Moreover, discrepancies in Cholesterol levels and insulinemia were reported between groups. Moreover, differences in cholesterol levels and insulinemia were reported between groups. We analyzed the correlation between blood pressure, cardiovascular stiffness, and body composition parameters; notably, there was a strong correlation between AI@75 and weight, BMI, and total fat mass, and a strong negative correlation with the lean–to–fat mass ratio. Conclusions. The MWGG presented a higher BMI, greater total fat mass (kg) and a higher percentage of total fat mass compared to the MWMG. Interestingly, we reported a significant difference in intramuscular adipose tissue between the groups. These results highlight the importance of further research to elucidate the mechanisms involved and to develop targeted interventions for managing menopause-related cardio-metabolic risks.
Putting GPT-4o to the Sword: A Comprehensive Evaluation of Language, Vision, Speech, and Multimodal Proficiency
Authors: Shahriar Sakib , Lund Brady D. , Mannuru Nishith Reddy , Arshad Muhammad Arbab , Hayawi Kadhim , Bevara Ravi Varma Kumar , Mannuru Aashrith , Batool Laiba
Published: September 2024

As large language models (LLMs) continue to advance, evaluating their comprehensive capabilities becomes significant for their application in various fields. This research study comprehensively evaluates the language, vision, speech, and multimodal capabilities of GPT-4o. The study employs standardized exam questions, reasoning tasks, and translation assessments to assess the model’s language capability. Additionally, GPT-4o’s vision and speech capabilities are tested through image classification and object-recognition tasks, as well as accent classification. The multimodal evaluation assesses the model’s performance in integrating visual and linguistic data. Our findings reveal that GPT-4o demonstrates high accuracy and efficiency across multiple domains in language and reasoning capabilities, excelling in tasks that require few-shot learning. GPT-4o also provides notable improvements in multimodal tasks compared to its predecessors. However, the model shows variability and faces limitations in handling complex and ambiguous inputs, particularly in audio and vision capabilities. This paper highlights the need for more comprehensive benchmarks and robust evaluation frameworks, encompassing qualitative assessments involving human judgment, as well as error analysis. Future work should focus on expanding datasets, investigating prompt-based assessment, and enhancing few-shot learning techniques to test the model’s practical applicability and performance in real-world scenarios.
Transit Dynamic Operation Optimization Using Combination of Stop-Skipping Strategy and Local Route Optimization
Authors: Zhou Xuemei , Guo Huanwu , Li Boqian , Zhao Xiaochi
Published: September 2024

The efficient operation and intelligent upgrading of public transportation can effectively enhance the attractiveness of conventional public transportation. In order to improve the delicacy management level of bus operations, this study designed a new dynamic optimization model for single-line bus operations with the dual optimization objectives of the lowest passenger travel cost and lowest operation cost, using a combination of the strategy of stop-skipping control and local route optimization. Simulated annealing (SA) was introduced into the genetic algorithm (GA) to design a hybrid heuristic algorithm for model solving. The effectiveness of the optimization model and the hybrid algorithm were verified and evaluated by using the No. 115 bus line in Ganzhou City as an example. The results showed that the proposed optimization model had a good usability, which can effectively improve the average vehicle speed, shorten the overall waiting time of passengers, and enhance the operational efficiency of the line. The hybrid algorithm saw significant improvement in terms of the iteration speed and the quality of the optimal solution compared with the conventional genetic algorithm.
Potential and Limitations of the New European Ground Motion Service in Landslides at a Local Scale
Authors: Cuervas-Mons José , Domínguez-Cuesta María José , Jiménez-Sánchez Montserrat
Published: September 2024

Mass movements represent one of the most significant geohazards worldwide. The aim of this research is to highlight the potential and limitations of the European Ground Motion Service (EGMS) in detecting and monitoring mass movements at a local scale, especially in cases where data from in situ instrumental devices are unavailable. The study area corresponds to the La Miera landslide, located in Asturias (NW Spain). The multidisciplinary methodology applied involved the following steps: (1) downloading, acquiring, and analyzing Sentinel-1 A-DInSAR datasets (2015–2021) through the EGMS; (2) conducting a detailed geomorphological map and identifying evidence of movement; (3) classifying building damage by means of a damage inventory; (4) compiling and analyzing daily rainfall records with respect to deformation time series. Sentinel-1 A-DInSAR results revealed maximum LOS and East–West velocities of −11.6 and −7.9 mm/yr related to the landslide activity. Geomorphological mapping allowed for the updating of the landslide boundaries and its characterization as an active, complex movement. Registered building damage, which ranged from moderate to serious, was correlated with LOS and East–West velocities. The displacement recorded by the EGMS closely corresponds with rainfall periods, while periods of reduced rainfall coincide with the stabilization and recovery phases of displacement. This emphasizes a noteworthy quantitative correlation between rainfall events and EGMS data, evident both spatially and temporally. This work highlights that areas in which the EGMS data indicate deformation but lack in situ instrumental records, geomorphological techniques, and building damage surveys can provide spatial validation of the EGMS displacement, while rainfall records can provide temporal validation.
Advancements in Key Parameters of Frequency-Modulated Continuous-Wave Light Detection and Ranging: A Research Review
Authors: Wu Zibo , Song Yue , Liu Jishun , Chen Yongyi , Sha Hongbo , Shi Mengjie , Zhang Hao , Qin Li , Liang Lei , Jia Peng , Qiu Cheng , Lei Yuxin , Wang Yubing , Ning Yongqiang , Zhang Jinlong , Wang Lijun
Published: September 2024

As LiDAR technology progressively advances, the capability of radar in detecting targets has become increasingly vital across diverse domains, including industrial, military, and automotive sectors. Frequency-modulated continuous-wave (FMCW) LiDAR in particular has garnered substantial interest due to its efficient direct velocity measurement and excellent anti-interference characteristics. It is widely recognized for its significant potential within radar technology. This study begins by elucidating the operational mechanism of FMCW LiDAR and delves into its basic principles. It discuss, in depth, the influence of various parameters on FMCW LiDAR’s performance and reviews the latest progress in the field. This paper proposes that future studies should focus on the synergistic optimization of key parameters to promote the miniaturization, weight reduction, cost-effectiveness, and longevity of FMCW LiDAR systems. This approach aims at the comprehensive development of FMCW LiDAR, striving for significant improvements in system performance. By optimizing these key parameters, the goal is to promote FMCW LiDAR technology, ensuring more reliable and accurate applications in automated driving and environmental sensing.
Optical and Electronic Expert System for Diagnosing Eye Pathology in Glaucoma
Authors: Mamyrbayev Orken , Pavlov Sergii , Saldan Yosip , Momynzhanova Kymbat , Zhumagulova Sholpan
Published: September 2024

For the first time, mathematical models for evaluating biomedical images were obtained using fuzzy set methods on the basis of expert knowledge bases, thus making it possible to carry out complex qualitative diagnostics and increase the reliability and efficiency of diagnosis. A methodology for analyzing biomedical images was formed based on the fuzzy set apparatus, which allowed a fuller assessment of the level of disease for glaucoma patients. Aspects of the practical implementation of the optical–electronic system for biomedical information processing were considered. An algorithm and an optical–electronic system for biomedical image analysis are proposed, and they can be used to increase the informativeness and reliability in the diagnosis of eye pathologies and glaucoma in particular.
Ridged Apertures for LEO Direct Radiating Arrays in Ka-Band
Authors: Vazquez-Sogorb Carlos , Montoya-Roca Roger , Addamo Giuseppe , Peverini Oscar Antonio , Virone Giuseppe
Published: September 2024

This paper presents an extensive performance analysis of open-ended waveguide elements for direct radiating arrays with a high scan angle (±50° /60°). The evaluated designs are based on square and hexagonal apertures loaded with ridges. Both square and triangular lattices are considered in the framework of Ka-band downlink design requirements for future LEO mega-constellations. The parameter space defined by the monomodal condition has been explored to find an optimum value for each structure. The analyses carried out with both infinite and finite full-wave models in terms of active reflection coefficient, scan loss and cross-polar discrimination are in good agreement.
Sustainable Fire Protection: Reducing Carbon Footprint with Advanced Coating Technologies
Authors: Alonso-Jiménez Antonio , Alonso Pedro M. , Hormaza-Polo Exabier
Published: September 2024

Metallum Fire-Resistant paint, denoted as MFR henceforth, represents a cutting-edge insulating material with dual functionality as a fireproof solution, presenting substantial advantages in the realm of construction applications. This exposition derives its primary insights from the scholarly contributions documented in publications. The focal point of these investigations includes the assessment of fire hazards associated with polyethylene materials in building structures and the enhancement of mortars in high-temperature environments in tunnels. The purpose of this study is to evaluate the effectiveness of a modified cork-based coating (MFR) compared to traditional coatings in terms of corrosion protection, fire resistance, and thermal insulation properties in construction applications. This evaluation focuses on quantifying the efficacy of MFR by examining key properties, such as adhesion, the reduced thickness required for fire protection, thermal conductivity reduction, and corrosion resistance under extreme environmental conditions. MFR is highly effective in fire prevention for buildings and tunnels, withstanding temperatures over 1000 °C while maintaining structural integrity. A unique aspect of MFR is its use of cork shavings, a typically underutilized byproduct from wine-bottle-stopper production. This innovative not only amplifies MFR’s fire-resistant attributes, but also introduces sustainability and judicious resource utilization into its manufacturing processes.
Improving Atmospheric Temperature and Relative Humidity Profiles Retrieval Based on Ground-Based Multichannel Microwave Radiometer and Millimeter-Wave Cloud Radar
Authors: Zhang Longwei , Ma Yingying , Lei Lianfa , Wang Yujie , Jin Shikuan , Gong Wei
Published: September 2024

Obtaining temperature and humidity profiles with high vertical resolution is essential for describing and predicting atmospheric motion, and, in particular, for understanding the evolution of medium- and small-scale weather processes, making short-range and near-term weather forecasting, and implementing weather modifications (artificial rainfall, artificial rain elimination, etc.). Ground-based microwave radiometers can acquire vertical tropospheric atmospheric data with high temporal and spatial resolution. However, the accuracy of temperature and relative humidity retrieval is still not as accurate as that of radiosonde data, especially in cloudy conditions. Therefore, improving the observation and retrieval accuracy is a major challenge in current research. The focus of this study was to further improve the accuracy of atmospheric temperature and humidity profile retrieval and investigate the specific effects of cloud information (cloud-base height and cloud thickness) on temperature and humidity profile retrieval. The observation data from the ground-based multichannel microwave radiometer (GMR) and the millimeter-wave cloud radar (MWCR) were incorporated into the retrieval process of the atmospheric temperature and relative humidity profiles. The retrieval was performed using the backpropagation neural network (BPNN). The retrieval results were quantified using the mean absolute error (MAE) and root mean square error (RMSE). The statistical results showed that the temperature profiles were less affected by the cloud information compared with the relative humidity profiles. Cloud thickness was the main factor affecting the retrieval of relative humidity profiles, and the retrieval with cloud information was the best retrieval method. Compared with the retrieval profiles without cloud information, the MAE and RMSE values of most of the altitude layers were reduced to different degrees after adding cloud information, and the relative humidity (RH) errors of some altitude layers were reduced by approximately 50%. The maximum reduction in the RMSE and MAE values for the retrieval of temperature profiles with cloud information was about 1.0 °C around 7.75 km, and the maximum reduction in RMSE and MAE values for the relative humidity profiles was about 10%, which was obtained around 2 km.
The Human Pathogen Mycobacterium tuberculosis and the Fish Pathogen Mycobacterium marinum Trigger a Core Set of Late Innate Immune Response Genes in Zebrafish Larvae
Authors: Dirks Ron P. , Ordas Anita , Jong-Raadsen Susanne , Brittijn Sebastiaan A. , Haks Mariëlle C. , Henkel Christiaan V. , Oravcova Katarina , Racz Peter I. , Tuinhof-Koelma Nynke , Korzeniowska nee Wiweger Malgorzata I. , Gillespie Stephen H. , Meijer Annemarie H. , Ottenhoff Tom H. M. , Jansen Hans J. , Spaink Herman P.
Published: September 2024

Zebrafish is a natural host of various Mycobacterium species and a surrogate model organism for tuberculosis research. Mycobacterium marinum is evolutionarily one of the closest non-tuberculous species related to M. tuberculosis and shares the majority of virulence genes. Although zebrafish is not a natural host of the human pathogen, we have previously demonstrated successful robotic infection of zebrafish embryos with M. tuberculosis and performed drug treatment of the infected larvae. In the present study, we examined for how long M. tuberculosis can be propagated in zebrafish larvae and tested a time series of infected larvae to study the transcriptional response via Illumina RNA deep sequencing (RNAseq). Bacterial aggregates carrying fluorescently labeled M. tuberculosis could be detected up to 9 days post-infection. The infected larvae showed a clear and specific transcriptional immune response with a high similarity to the inflammatory response of zebrafish larvae infected with the surrogate species M. marinum. We conclude that M. tuberculosis can be propagated in zebrafish larvae for at least one week after infection and provide further evidence that M. marinum is a good surrogate model for M. tuberculosis. The generated extensive transcriptome data sets will be of great use to add translational value to zebrafish as a model for infection of tuberculosis using the M. marinum infection system. In addition, we identify new marker genes such as dusp8 and CD180 that are induced by M. tuberculosis infection in zebrafish and in human macrophages at later stages of infection that can be further investigated.
Insights into the Metabolite Profiles of Two Camellia (Theaceae) Species in Yunnan Province through Metabolomic and Transcriptomic Analysis
Authors: Niu Miao , Li Ranyang , Li Xiongyu , Yang Hongyan , Ding Jianliang , Zhou Xianxiu , He Yuqi , Xu Yawen , Qu Qian , Liu Zhiwei , Li Jiahua
Published: September 2024

Tea (Camellia sinensis) falls into the family Theaceae, is a valuable commercial crop, and tea products made from its buds and young leaves are favored by consumers all over the world. The more common Thea plant is Camellia sinensis (C. sinensis), but its most important relative, Camellia taliensis (C. taliensis), is also utilized by locals in the area of cultivation to manufacture tea. In this investigation, C. taliensis (DL) and C. sinensis (QJZ) were characterized in terms of their agronomic traits, physicochemical indices, metabolomics, and transcriptomics. The leaf area of DL is larger than that of QJZ; the color of DL’s buds and leaves is yellowish-green, while that of QJZ’s is green. DL’s buds and leaves are more densely velvety than those of QJZ. The HPLC results indicated that the physicochemical contents varied considerably between the two samples, with DL having greater concentrations of EGCG and GABA than QJZ, while QJZ had remarkably higher concentrations of C, CA, and EGC than DL. A total of 2269 metabolites and 362,190,414 genes were positively identified, with the number of DAMs and DEGs being 1001 and 34,026, respectively. The flavonoids, phenolic acids, and alkaloid metabolites were dramatically different between the two tea group plants. Bioinformatics profiling revealed that the DAMs and DEGs of the two tea group plants interacted with each other and were involved in metabolic pathways, including “biosynthesis of secondary metabolites”, “biosynthesis of amino acids”, “biosynthesis of cofactors”, “phenylpropanoid biosynthesis”, and “flavonoid biosynthesis”. Overall, these results provide statistical support for germplasm conservation and production for both C. taliensis and C. sinensis.
Biosynthesis of Arabinoside from Sucrose and Nucleobase via a Novel Multi-Enzymatic Cascade
Authors: Liu Yuxue , Yang Erchu , Zhang Xiaojing , Liu Xiaobei , Tang Xiaoting , Wang Zhenyu , Wang Hailei
Published: September 2024

Arabinoside and derived nucleoside analogs, a family of nucleoside analogs, exhibit diverse typically biological activities and are widely used as antibacterial, antiviral, anti-inflammatory, antitumor, and other drugs in clinical and preclinical trials. Although with a long and rich history in the field of medicinal chemistry, the biosynthesis of arabinoside has only been sporadically designed and studied, and it remains a challenge. Here, we constructed an in vitro multi-enzymatic cascade for the biosynthesis of arabinosides. This artificial biosystem was systematically optimized, involving an exquisite pathway design, NADP+ regeneration, meticulous enzyme selection, optimization of the key enzyme dosage, and the concentration of inorganic phosphate. Under the optimized conditions, we achieved 0.37 mM of vidarabine from 5 mM of sucrose and 2 mM of adenine, representing 18.7% of the theoretical yield. Furthermore, this biosystem also has the capability to produce other arabinosides, such as spongouridine, arabinofuranosylguanine, hypoxanthine arabinofuranoside, fludarabine, and 2-methoxyadenine arabinofuranoside, from sucrose, and corresponding nucleobase by introducing different nucleoside phosphorylases. Overall, our biosynthesis approach provides a pathway for the biosynthesis of arabinose-derived nucleoside analogs, offering potential applications in the pharmaceutical industry.
Biophysical and Solution Structure Analysis of Critical Residues Involved in the Interaction between the PupB N-Terminal Signaling Domain and PupR C-Terminal Cell Surface Signaling Domain from Pseudomonas capeferrum
Authors: Sultana Tajnin , Morgan David M. , Jernberg Beau D. , Zak Peyton , Sinha Sangita C. , Colbert Christopher L.
Published: September 2024

Abstract: Cell surface signaling (CSS) is a means of rapidly adjusting transcription in response to extracellular stimuli in Gram-negative bacteria. The pseudobactin BN7/8 uptake (Pup) system not only imports iron but also upregulates its own transcription through CSS in Pseudomonas capeferrum. In the absence of ferric pseudobactin BN7/8, the signaling components are maintained in a resting state via the formation of a periplasmic complex between the N-terminal signaling domain (NTSD) of the outer membrane iron-transporter, PupB, and the C-terminal CSS domain (CCSSD) of the sigma regulator, PupR. The previously determined 1.6 Å crystal structure of this periplasmic complex has allowed us to probe the structural and thermodynamic consequences of mutating key interfacial residues. In this report, we describe the solution structure of the PupB NTSD and use Nuclear Magnetic Resonance spectroscopy, Isothermal Titration Calorimetry, and Circular Dichroism spectroscopy together with thermal denaturation to investigate whether three PupB point mutations, Q69K, H72D, and L74A, influence the interaction merely due to the chemical nature of the amino acid substitution or also cause changes in overall protein structure. Our results demonstrate that binding to the PupR CCSSD does not alter the structure of PupB NTSD and that the individual mutations have only minor effects on structure. The mutations generally lower thermodynamic stability of the NTSD and weaken binding to the CCSSD. These findings validate the X-ray crystal structure interface, emphasizing the importance of amino acid chemical nature at the interface.
From Sequence to Solution: Intelligent Learning Engine Optimization in Drug Discovery and Protein Analysis
Authors: Raiyn Jamal , Rayan Adam , Abu-Lafi Saleh , Rayan Anwar
Published: September 2024

This study introduces the intelligent learning engine (ILE) optimization technology, a novel approach designed to revolutionize screening processes in bioinformatics, cheminformatics, and a range of other scientific fields. By focusing on the efficient and precise identification of candidates with desirable characteristics, the ILE technology marks a significant leap forward in addressing the complexities of candidate selection in drug discovery, protein classification, and beyond. The study’s primary objective is to address the challenges associated with optimizing screening processes to efficiently select candidates across various fields, including drug discovery and protein classification. The methodology employed involves a detailed algorithmic process that includes dataset preparation, encoding of protein sequences, sensor nucleation, and optimization, culminating in the empirical evaluation of molecular activity indexing, homology-based modeling, and classification of proteins such as G-protein-coupled receptors. This process showcases the method’s success in multiple sequence alignment, protein identification, and classification. Key results demonstrate the ILE’s superior accuracy in protein classification and virtual high-throughput screening, with a notable breakthrough in drug development for assessing drug-induced long QT syndrome risks through hERG potassium channel interaction analysis. The technology showcased exceptional results in the formulation and evaluation of novel cancer drug candidates, highlighting its potential for significant advancements in pharmaceutical innovations. The findings underline the ILE optimization technology as a transformative tool in screening processes due to its proven effectiveness and broad applicability across various domains. This breakthrough contributes substantially to the fields of systems optimization and holds promise for diverse applications, enhancing the process of selecting candidate molecules with target properties and advancing drug discovery, protein classification, and modeling.
Central Aspects of Tinnitus: Advances in Mechanisms and Neuromodulation
Authors: Smit Jasper V. , Janssen Marcus L. F.
Published: September 2024

Tinnitus is a complex neuro-otologic disorder with a significant global impact, affecting approximately 14% of adults, with 2% experiencing severe forms [...]
Association of Dietary Habits with Eating Disorders among Latvian Youth Aged 18–24
Authors: Gellere Inna , Beitane Ilze
Published: September 2024

Eating disorders are serious health issues among young people that contribute to increased morbidity rates. The prevalence and severity of eating disorders among Latvian youth aged 18–24 and their relationship with the Healthy Eating Index, dietary habits, and BMI were analyzed in the present study. At the beginning of the study, 190 respondents participated by completing the SCOFF questionnaire, from which the sample group was selected based on the criterion of SCOFF ≥ 2. For the next stage of the study, the responses of 74 participants who completed the EDE-Q-6 questionnaire and the Canadian Food Intake Screener were analyzed. The symptoms of eating disorders were identified in 38.9% of the respondents (SCOFF ≥ 2). The global score of the EDE-Q-6 was 2.00 ± 1.81 where subscales such as body shape concerns (2.93 ± 1.44) and weight concerns (2.68 ± 1.36) were the most important factors that young people paid attention to. The severity of eating disorders was 3.20 for males and 2.62 for females, where a score of 4 and above is classified as an eating disorder. Participants with eating disorder symptoms had a higher BMI, with females having a BMI of 22.5 (normal weight) and 25.5 for males (overweight). The study sample had a poor diet, as the Healthy Eating Index was 8.7 with a maximum score of 24. Weak negative correlations were found between eating disorder severity and eating habits. The issue of eating disorders is topical among young people in Latvia, which requires solutions such as the inclusion of educational programs on healthy nutrition and eating disorders, and psychological support for young people.
Promoting Consumers’ Sustainable Consumption of Online Retail Cold Chain Logistics Services: Extended Applications of SOR and Cognitive-Affective-Conative Theories
Authors: Ding Jiangmin , Lee Eon-Seong
Published: September 2024

As food safety awareness rises and living standards improve, consumers have increasingly higher expectations for the efficiency and quality of cold chain logistics services. For cold chain logistics service providers, accurately understanding consumer psychology and enhancing their willingness to continue using the service—while guiding them to actively participate in green cold chain logistics practices—are necessary means to maintain competitiveness. Therefore, based on stimulus-organism-response and cognitive-affective-conative theories, this study constructs a three-stage model to explore the factors influencing consumers’ continuous consumption of online retail cold chain delivery services. This study substantiates that consumers’ intention to continue consuming proceeds through the following three stages: cognitive, affective, and conative. Specifically, the results indicate that consumer- and environment-oriented services significantly enhance consumer value and psychological empowerment, which further promotes their intention to continue using the service and participate in green practices. Moreover, psychological empowerment and perceived value fully and partially mediate the relationship between the two types of services and consumer sustainable consumption, respectively. These findings expand the research on cold chain consumption and deepen our understanding of how various factors influence consumer behavior.
The Effect of Construction Workers’ Work Resilience on Their Leisure Sports Participation: The Mediating Role of Safety and Health Awareness
Authors: Zhang Yujie , Deng Shushan , Chen Sen , Yao Zhenning , Hou Yuyang , Huang Qian , Liu Zijian
Published: September 2024

This study, grounded in psychological capital theory and the work resource model, investigates the impact of construction workers’ work resilience on their leisure sports participation. An interdisciplinary integration model was developed, incorporating work resilience, safety and health awareness, and leisure sports participation, providing empirical evidence for enhancing the well-being of the construction workforce. The study specifically examines the roles of physiological resilience, psychological resilience, social support, and occupational engagement in this context. A survey conducted with 663 construction workers in China and Korea revealed the following: (1) physiological resilience, psychological resilience, social support, and occupational engagement significantly and positively influence workers’ leisure sports participation; (2) safety and health awareness serves as a significant mediator between work resilience and leisure sports participation among construction workers. These findings underscore the importance of improving the work environment and creating semi-natural restorative landscapes to promote the physical and mental health of construction workers, as well as their engagement in leisure sports. The study calls for governmental and community initiatives, including policy support and resource allocation, to comprehensively enhance the overall well-being of construction workers.
Spatio-Temporal Distribution Characteristics of Buddhist Temples and Pagodas in the Liaoning Region, China
Authors: Gao Jiaji , Wang Jingyi , Wang Qi , Cao Yingdan
Published: September 2024

Buddhist culture in Liaoning has a long and rich history. The continuous spread of Buddhism has promoted the development of Buddhist architecture, leaving us a rich architectural art heritage. Furthermore, it has also profoundly influenced China’s architectural characteristics, social culture, and economic development. This paper takes Buddhist temples and pagodas in Liaoning as the research objects and uses methods such as the geographic concentration index, nearest neighbor index, kernel density estimation, and standard deviation ellipse to analyze their spatio-temporal distribution characteristics and influencing factors across different periods. 1. Temporal distribution. During the Liao Dynasty (907–1125 AD) and the Qing Dynasty (1636–1912 AD), the construction of Buddhist temples and pagodas was the highest, with a linear increase in the Qing Dynasty. 2. The overall spatial distribution of Buddhist temples and pagodas in Liaoning is uneven, showing an agglomeration distribution state. The distribution status of different periods was different, and the Ming (1368–1644 AD) and Qing dynasties (1636–1912 AD) showed obvious aggregation distribution. The overall state is “more in the west and less in the east” and “more in the north and less in the south”. 3. In different periods, the spatial distribution direction of Buddhist temples and pagodas in Liaoning was relatively obvious and was southwest–northeast, and the center of gravity gradually shifted to the northwest. 4. The kernel density of different periods presents the density distribution and area of each period. The overall distribution is dense to scattered and then to highly dense. 5. The spatio-temporal distribution characteristics of Buddhist temples and pagodas in Liaoning are mainly composed of deep-seated political factors, rapid economic development and stable social environment, diverse culture, natural geography, cultural relics protection, and the artistic value of Buddhist architecture in the Liaoning region.
Laboratory-Scale Limestone Rock Linear Cutting Tests with a Conical Pick: Predicting Optimal Cutting Conditions from Tool Forces
Authors: Kim Han-eol , Hwang Sung-pil , Yoo Wan-kyu , Kim Woo-seok , Kim Chang-yong , Yoo Han-kyu
Published: September 2024

This study introduces a simplified method for predicting the optimal cutting conditions to maximize excavation efficiency based on tool forces. A laboratory-scale linear rock-cutting test was conducted using a conical pick on Finike limestone. The tool forces and their ratios were analyzed in relation to cutting parameters such as penetration depth and spacing. While the cutting force (FC) and normal force (FN) increased with the penetration depth and spacing, this relationship could not predict the optimal cutting conditions. The ratio of the mean normal force to the mean cutting force (FNm/FCm) increased with the penetration depth and the ratio of spacing to penetration depth (s/d). However, even while including this relationship, predicting optimal cutting conditions remained challenging. The ratio of the peak cutting force to the mean cutting force (FCp/FCm) reached a maximum value at a specific s/d, which is similar to the relationship between the specific energy (SE) and s/d. The optimal s/d obtained through the SE methodology was found to be between 3 and 5, and FCp/FCm reached a maximum at s/d. The error between the optimal s/d and the s/d in which FCp/FCm was maximized was less than 5%. Therefore, it was confirmed that the optimal cutting conditions could be predicted through the relationship between FCp/FCm and s/d. Additionally, by using the results from previous studies, the optimal cutting conditions obtained from the SE methodology and the proposed methodology were found to agree within a margin of error of 20%. The proposed methodology can be beneficial for the design of cutter heads and the operation of excavation machines.
TP53 Mutation-Mediated Immune Evasion in Cancer: Mechanisms and Therapeutic Implications
Authors: Wang Chuqi , Tan Jordan Yong Ming , Chitkara Nishtha , Bhatt Shruti
Published: September 2024

Mutation in p53 is the most frequent event in cancer development and a leading cause of cancer therapy resistance due to evasion of the apoptosis cascade. Beyond chemotherapies and radiation therapies, growing evidence indicates that p53-mutant tumors are resistant to a broad range of immune-based therapies, such as immune checkpoint inhibitors, chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) T, and hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT). This highlights the role of p53 mutations in driving immune evasion of tumor cells. In this review, we first summarize recent studies revealing mechanisms by which p53-mutant tumors evade immune surveillance from T cells, natural killer (NK) cells, and macrophages. We then review how these mutant tumor cells reshape the tumor microenvironment (TME), modulating bystander cells such as macrophages, neutrophils, and regulatory T (Treg) cells to foster immunosuppression. Additionally, we review clinical observations indicative of immune evasion associated with p53 loss or mutations. Finally, we discuss therapeutic strategies to enhance immune response in p53 wild-type (WT) or mutant tumors.
An Abscopal Effect on Lung Metastases in Canine Mammary Cancer Patients Induced by Neoadjuvant Intratumoral Immunotherapy with Cowpea Mosaic Virus Nanoparticles and Anti-Canine PD-1
Authors: Sergent Petra , Pinto-Cárdenas Juan Carlos , Carrillo Adhara Jaciel Arreguin , Dávalos Daniel Luna , Pérez Marisa Daniela González , Lechuga Dora Alicia Mendoza , Alonso-Miguel Daniel , Schaafsma Evelien , Cuarenta Abigail Jiménez , Muñoz Diana Cárdenas , Zarabanda Yuliana , Palisoul Scott M. , Lewis Petra J. , Kolling Fred W. , Affonso de Oliveira Jessica Fernanda , Steinmetz Nicole F. , Rothstein Jay L. , Lines Louise , Noelle Randolph J. , Fiering Steven , Arias-Pulido Hugo
Published: September 2024

Neoadjuvant intratumoral (IT) therapy could amplify the weak responses to checkpoint blockade therapy observed in breast cancer (BC). In this study, we administered neoadjuvant IT anti-canine PD-1 therapy (IT acPD-1) alone or combined with IT cowpea mosaic virus therapy (IT CPMV/acPD-1) to companion dogs diagnosed with canine mammary cancer (CMC), a spontaneous tumor resembling human BC. CMC patients treated weekly with acPD-1 (n = 3) or CPMV/acPD-1 (n = 3) for four weeks or with CPMV/acPD-1 (n = 3 patients not candidates for surgery) for up to 11 weeks did not experience immune-related adverse events. We found that acPD-1 and CPMV/acPD-1 injections resulted in tumor control and a reduction in injected tumors in all patients and in noninjected tumors located in the ipsilateral and contralateral mammary chains of treated dogs. In two metastatic CMC patients, CPMV/acPD-1 treatments resulted in the control and reduction of established lung metastases. CPMV/acPD-1 treatments were associated with altered gene expression related to TLR1–4 signaling and complement pathways. These novel therapies could be effective for CMC patients. Owing to the extensive similarities between CMC and human BC, IT CPMV combined with approved anti-PD-1 therapies could be a novel and effective immunotherapy to treat local BC and suppress metastatic BC.
A Scoping Review to Identify Community- and Societal-Level Strategies Evaluated from 2013 to 2023 for Their Potential Impact on Child Well-Being in the United States
Authors: Ports Katie A. , Rostad Whitney L. , Coyne Peter , Dunning Jadyn , Gonzalez Andrea E. , Troy Adam
Published: September 2024

There is increased recognition for solutions that address the social determinants of health (SDOHs)—the context in which families are raising children. Unfortunately, implementing solutions that address inequities in the SDOHs has proven to be difficult. Many child and family serving systems and communities do not know where to start or do not have the capacity to identify and implement upstream SDOH strategies. As such, we conducted a scoping review to assess the status of evidence connecting strategies that address the SDOHs and child well-being. A total of 29,079 records were identified using natural language processing with 341 records meeting inclusion criteria (e.g., outcomes focused on child well-being, interventions happening at a population level, and evaluations of prevention strategies in the United States). Records were coded, and the findings are presented by the SDOH domain, such as strategies that addressed economic stability (n = 94), education access and quality (n = 17), food security (n = 106), healthcare access and quality (n = 96), neighborhood and built environment (n = 7), and social and community context (n = 12). This review provides an overview of the associations between population-level SDOH strategies and the impact—good and bad—on child well-being and may be a useful resource for communities and practitioners when considering equitable solutions that promote thriving childhoods.