bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
A global repository of novel antimicrobial emergence events
Authors: Mendelsohn Emma , Ross Noam , White Allison M. , Whiting Karissa , Basaraba Cale , Watson Madubuonwu Brooke , Johnson Erica , Dualeh Mushtaq , Matson Zach , Dattaray Sonia , Ezeokoli Nchedochukwu , Kirshenbaum Lieberman Melanie , Kotcher Jacob , Maher Samantha , Zambrana-Torrelio Carlos , Daszak Peter
Published: June 2021

Despite considerable global surveillance of antimicrobial resistance (AMR), data on the global emergence of new resistance genotypes in bacteria has not been systematically compiled. We conducted a study of English-language scientific literature (2006-2017) and ProMED-mail disease surveillance reports (1994-2017) to identify global events of novel AMR emergence (first clinical reports of unique drug-bacteria resistance combinations). We screened 24,966 abstracts and reports, ultimately identifying 1,757 novel AMR emergence events from 268 peer-reviewed studies and 26 disease surveillance reports (294 total). Events were reported in 66 countries, with most events in the United States (152), China (128), and India (127). The most common bacteria demonstrating new resistance were Klebsiella pneumoniae (344) and Escherichia coli (218). Resistance was most common against antibiotic drugs imipenem (89 events), ciprofloxacin (84) and ceftazidime (83). We provide an open-access database of emergence events with standardized fields for bacterial species, drugs, location, and date. We discuss the impact of reporting and surveillance bias on database coverage, and we suggest guidelines for data analysis. This database may be broadly useful for understanding rates and patterns of AMR evolution, identifying global drivers and correlates, and targeting surveillance and interventions.
Community-based care models for arterial hypertension management in non-pregnant adults in sub-Saharan Africa: A scoping review protocol
Authors: González Fernández Lucia , Firima Emmanuel , Huber Jacqueline , Raeber Fabian , Amstutz Alain , Gupta Ravi , Mokhohlane Joalane , Belus Jennifer M. , Labhardt Niklaus Daniel
Published: June 2021

Introduction: Arterial hypertension (aHT) is the most important cardiovascular risk factor (CVRF) in adults living in sub-Saharan Africa (SSA), leading to an excess of cardiovascular disease (CVD) morbidity and mortality. Life-long aHT service delivery models in the region remain mostly anchored to health facilities and are provided by physicians or nurses, thus limiting access to care. Over the past years, decentralized community-based aHT care models have been piloted, aiming to improve access to prevention, diagnosis, and treatment. Although individual studies suggest that community-based care is well-received and potentially efficacious, a synthesized overview of such care models is missing. Hence, the aim of this scoping review is to map out and summarize existing interventions for community-based aHT diagnosis and care in non-pregnant adults in SSA. Additionally, we will describe outcomes in terms of acceptability, blood pressure control, patient engagement in care, and occurrence of aHT caused end-organ damage.

Methods and analysis: We will apply the Arksey and O’Malley scoping review methodology and best practice, as outlined by Levac and the Joanna Briggs Institute scoping review guidelines. The research questions have been identified through a literature review and expert consultation. A systematic literature search will be conducted in four databases using a tailored search strategy, including a supplemental search through backward and forward citation. Abstracts and full text screening as well as the extraction of data will be conducted by two independent reviewers. Discrepancies will be resolved by a third reviewer. Information will be presented in both tabular and narrative form.

Ethics and dissemination: This scoping review will summarize findings from existing publications, rather than primary data, and as such, does not require ethics review. Findings will be disseminated through stakeholder meetings, conference presentations, websites, and a peer-reviewed publication.
Assessment of exposure determinants and exposure levels by using stationary concentration measurements and a probabilistic near-field/far-field exposure model
Authors: Koivisto Antti Joonas , Spinazzè Andrea , Verdonck Frederik , Borghi Francesca , Löndahl Jakob , Koponen Ismo Kalevi , Verpaele Steven , Jayjock Michael , Hussein Tareq , Lopez de Ipiña Jesus , Arnold Susan , Furxhi Irini
Published: June 2021

Background: The Registration, Evaluation, Authorization and Restriction of Chemicals (REACH) regulation requires the establishment of Conditions of Use (CoU) for all exposure scenarios to ensure good communication of safe working practices. Setting CoU requires the risk assessment of all relevant Contributing Scenarios (CSs) in the exposure scenario. A new CS has to be created whenever an Operational Condition (OC) is changed, resulting in an excessive number of exposure assessments. An efficient solution is to quantify OC concentrations and to identify reasonable worst-case scenarios with probabilistic exposure modeling.

Methods: Here, we appoint CoU for powder pouring during the industrial manufacturing of a paint batch by quantifying OC exposure levels and exposure determinants. The quantification was performed by using stationary measurements and a probabilistic Near-Field/Far-Field (NF/FF) exposure model. Work shift and OC concentration levels were quantified for pouring TiO2 from big bags and small bags, pouring Micro Mica from small bags, and cleaning. The impact of exposure determinants on NF concentration level was quantified by (1) assessing exposure determinants correlation with the NF exposure level and (2) by performing simulations with different OCs.

Results: Emission rate, air mixing between NF and FF and local ventilation were the most relevant exposure determinants affecting NF concentrations. Potentially risky OCs were identified by performing Reasonable Worst Case (RWC) simulations and by comparing the exposure 95th percentile distribution with 10% of the occupational exposure limit value (OELV). The CS was shown safe except in RWC scenario (ventilation rate from 0.4 to 1.6 1/h, 100 m3 room, no local ventilation, and NF ventilation of 1.6 m3/min).

Conclusions: The CoU assessment was considered to comply with European Chemicals Agency (ECHA) legislation and EN 689 exposure assessment strategy for testing compliance with OEL values. One RWC scenario would require measurements since the exposure level was 12.5% of the OELV.
ФОРМИРОВАНИЕ БЕЗОПАСНОГО СОЦИАЛЬНОГО ПОВЕДЕНИЯ ДОШКОЛЬНИКОВ В ИНКЛЮЗИВНОЙ ОБРАЗОВАТЕЛЬНОЙ СРЕДЕ
Authors: Silaeva Olga A.
Published: June 2021

Цель исследования состояла в разработке, реализации и проверке эффективности программы психолого-педагогического сопровождения детей дошкольного возраста, разработанной на основе системы формирования безопасного социального поведения в инклюзивной образовательной среде. В исследовании приняли участие 45 человек в возрасте 5-7 лет, воспитанники средних дошкольных и подготовительных групп. В каждой группе среди воспитанников было от 3 до 4 детей с отклонениями в развитии (умственная отсталость / задержка психического развития, синдром Дауна, расстройства аутистического спектра).
Методологическую основу разработки психолого-педагогической программы положен принцип инегративности – интеграция межпредметных областей (социально-коммуникативное развитие, познавательное развитие, физическое развитие); гибкое сочетание воспитательной и коррекционной работы и инклюзивного образования; интеграция двигательной и познавательной активности.
Методы исследования: психолого-педагогический эксперимент; психодиагностические методики (Диагностика толерантности у детей дошкольного возраста по отношению к сверстникам с ограниченными возможностями здоровья (А.С. Сиротюк); Исследование тревожности ребенка дошкольного возраста (Р. Тэммл, М. Дорки, В. Амен) (модификация Т.Д. Марцинковской в авторской интерпретации); Методика рисуночной фрустрации С. Розенцвейга); Методика определения степени включенности старших дошкольников в игровое взаимодействие со сверстником (С.Г. Елизаров, модификация С.С. Журавлевой); Рисуночная методика «Я в детском саду» (М. Быкова, М. Аромштам).
Результаты работы. Установлено, что процесс формирования у дошкольников безопасного социального поведения в инклюзивной образовательной среде при взаимодействии со сверстниками с отклонениями в развитии состоит из трех взаимосвязанных этапов (адаптационный, мотивационно-информационный, практико-ориентированный), предполагающих развитие потребностно-мотивационной, эмоционально-волевой, когнитивно-познавательной и межличностно-социальной сфер детей дошкольного возраста.
Область применения: система дошкольного образования.
РАЗРАБОТКА МОДУЛЯ ПРОГРАММЫ ПОВЫШЕНИЯ КВАЛИФИКАЦИИ ПРЕПОДАВАТЕЛЕЙ-СЛОВЕСНИКОВ «ФОРМИРОВАНИЕ АКТИВНОГО СЛОВАРЯ ПРОФЕССИИ У СТУДЕНТОВ КАК СРЕДСТВО ПОВЫШЕНИЯ РЕЧЕВОЙ ПРОФЕССИОНАЛЬНОЙ КУЛЬТУРЫ»
Authors: Shontukova Irina V.
Published: June 2021

Предметом представленной работы является процесс повышения квалификации педагогов-словесников в системе среднего профессионального образования.
Цель статьи – разработать и дать содержательную характеристику модулю курсов повышения квалификации, посвященному формированию речевой профессиональной культуры студентов.
В процессе работы над статьей использовались такие методы, как анализ источников и моделирование.
Результатом работы является разработанный модуль дополнительной профессиональной программы (повышения квалификации) по формированию активного словаря профессии у студентов.
Область применения результатов – система дополнительного профессионального образования. Программа и материалы модуля могут применяться в построении дополнительных профессиональных программ (повышения квалификации) для преподавателей русского языка и литературы, работающих в системе профессионального образования.
Основные выводы статьи заключаются в тезисах о том, что формирование активного словаря профессии является частью общей профессиональной культуры будущих специалистов и требует системного подхода в подготовке преподавателей-словесников в процессе повышения их квалификации.
УДОВЛЕТВОРЕННОСТЬ БРАКОМ И СУПРУЖЕСКОЕ ВЗАИМОДЕЙСТВИЕ У ПРЕДСТАВИТЕЛЕЙ РАЗНЫХ ЭТНИЧЕСКИХ ГРУПП
Authors: Mustafaev Tamerlan , Ilchenko Viktoria V.
Published: June 2021

Цель. Статья посвящена изучению социально-психологических особенностей удовлетворенности браком у представителей разных этнических групп.
Методы исследования: экспресс-методика «Удовлетворённость браком» (В.В. Столин, Т.Л. Романова, Г.П. Бутенко), методика «Особенности общения в семье» (Ю.Е. Алёшина, Л.Я. Гозман, Е.М. Дубовская), методика «Распределение ролей в семье» (Ю.Е. Алёшина, Л.Я. Гозман, Е.М. Дубовская), «Пятифакторный личностный опросник» (Р. МакКрае, П. Коста).
Результаты. В статье представлены результаты эмпирического исследования социально-психологических особенностей удовлетворённости браком у представителей разных этнических групп. Выявлены достоверные различия в удовлетворённости браком, супружеском взаимодействии, индивидуально-психологических особенностях у респондентов различных национальностей. Описаны корреляционные связи между удовлетворённостью браком и особенностями межличностного общения супругов, распределением ролей, индивидуально-психологическими свойствами у осетин и азербайджанцев.
Область применения результатов. Результаты исследования могут быть использованы в практике семейного консультирования, а также для разработки психокоррекционных программ для представителей данных этнических групп.
ОТНОШЕНИЕ К ПЕДАГОГИЧЕСКОЙ ДЕЯТЕЛЬНОСТИ ПРЕПОДАВАТЕЛЕЙ КЛИНИЧЕСКИХ ДИСЦИПЛИН В МЕДИЦИНСКОМ УНИВЕРСИТЕТЕ
Authors: Zinkevich Elena R. , Kulbakh Olga S. , Zavarzina Natalia Yu.
Published: June 2021

Цель. Статья поднимает актуальную проблему современного высшего медицинского образования, связанную с педагогической деятельностью профессорско-преподавательского состава клинических кафедр. Целью исследования является изучение отношения преподавателей клинических дисциплин к педагогической деятельности, имеющей свою специфику, обусловленную ее интеграцией в процесс лечебно-профилактической работы.
Метод или методология проведения работы. В основу исследования положены гуманистический и культурологический подходы, традиции медицинского образования России, значимые для формирования личности будущего врача, понимание особенностей педагогической деятельности, интегрированной в процесс лечебной и профилактической работы. В ходе исследования использовались психологические и математико-статистические методы.
Результаты. Установлено, что среди факторов, определяющих отношение представителей профессорско-преподавательского состава клинических кафедр к педагогической деятельности, ведущими являются профессионально-педагогическая подготовка и профессиональная мотивация, от которых зависят ее качество и характер.
Область применения результатов. Полученные результаты могут выступить основанием для внедрения в работу с профессорско-преподавательским составом тренингов, направленных на развитие их способности к рефлексии своей педагогической деятельности, профилактику возможного профессионального выгорания.
НЕЙРОПСИХОЛОГИЧЕСКАЯ КОРРЕКЦИЯ ПЕРВОКЛАССНИКОВ С ДИАГНОЗОМ НЕЙРОСЕНСОРНАЯ ПОТЕРЯ СЛУХА, ОБУЧАЮЩИХСЯ ПО СИСТЕМЕ ИНКЛЮЗИВНОГО ОБРАЗОВАНИЯ
Authors: Senchenko Galina V. , Lazarian Varsena V. , Senchenko Alexey Yu.
Published: June 2021

Одной из наиболее распространенных групп детей с ОВЗ составляют дети с нарушениями слуха. Начало учебы в школе для слабослышащего ребенка требует дополнительных усилий по его адаптации как со стороны самого ребенка, так и со стороны педагогов и родителей. В статье представлены результаты нейропсихологической диагностики высших психических функций детей с диагнозом нейросенсорная потеря слуха (H90), обучающихся в 1-ом классе по системе инклюзивного образования.
Цель. Оценка уровня развития высших психических функций первоклассников с нейросенсорной потерей слуха до и после проведения программы нейропсихологической коррекции.
Материалы и методы исследования. В исследовании приняли участие 16 первоклассников, которым выставлен диагноз нейросенсорная потеря слуха, из них 11 мальчиков (68,8%) и 5 девочек (31,2%) в возрасте 8-9 лет. Нейропсихологическая диагностика детей проводилась с использованием нейропсихологического альбома Ж.М. Глозман и А.Е. Соболевой. Диагностика проводилось до и после проведения программы нейропсихологической коррекции.
Результаты. При первичной диагностике детей выявлено: нарушение слухоречевой памяти; нарушение акустического гнозиса; нарушение квазипространсвенного представления и др. С учётом нейропсихологических особенностей этих детей мы разработали для них коррекционную программу. У первоклассников с нарушением слуха, прошедших нейропсихологическую коррекцию отмечается: улучшение в ориентирование в собственной личности и окружающем мире, улучшение динамического праксиса и праксиса поз, улучшение зрительного восприятия и понимания логико-грамматических конструкций, предложных конструкций, повысилась продуктивность запоминания, стало доступнее обобщение и решение задач.
Выводы. 1. Первоклассники с диагнозом нейросенсорная потеря слуха, имеют отставания в развитии ВПФ. 2. Программа нейропсихологической коррекции направлена не только на развитие нарушенных ВПФ, но и на увеличение адаптационных возможностей детей с нарушением слуха. 3. У детей, прошедших нейропсихологическую коррекцию, выявлено значительное улучшение в пробах и уровне усвояемости школьной программы.
Область применения результатов. Результаты исследования могут быть использованы в работе педагогов и психологов, чья деятельность связана с обучением слабослышащих детей.
Analysis of the experience of the Soviet methods of teaching foreign languages and the possibility of using such experience in modern realities
Authors: Bashlueva Natalya
Published: June 2021

The article deals with the possibility of creating a rational system for teaching a foreign language. Russian methodologists have previously developed original techniques for teaching oral speech, some of which can now be used in modern conditions. The development of effective methods of teaching oral speech and communication cannot be sufficiently successful if the methods and techniques developed earlier by both Russian (previously Soviet) and foreign methodologists are not studied and used. It would be appropriate to make critical use of the achievements of the past. The methodological principles of teaching scientists of that era were formulated at a time when the Soviet method of teaching foreign languages was in its infancy, when the Soviet school was going through a period of searching for new ways in the upbringing and education of the younger generation. One of the most interesting achievements in the field of teaching foreign languages should be mentioned the experience of the methodologist of the Soviet period N. S. Koblenz. The advantage of the N. S. system Koblenz can also be considered the organization of the study of the developed standard, which ensures greater activity of students their desire to creatively apply previously learned material in a new language situation. This is achieved by a skillful combination of semi-mechanical and conscious techniques of work. Assessing the views of N. S. Koblenz on the study of vocabulary, it should be noted that he was one of the first in the Soviet methodology in practice to select lexical material when teaching a foreign language. In all the texts of the lessons, and especially in the standards, only selected words and expressions are introduced, which the author of the method tries to activate as much as possible.
Personality traits of law enforcement officers serving in the North Caucasus region
Authors: Zhuk Kristina , Maltseva Tatyana
Published: June 2021

When performing tasks by an employee in special conditions of service, not only professional qualities and compliance with qualification requirements, but also a psychologically stable state (psychological readiness to act in extreme situations, neuropsychic stability, mental adaptation, etc.) play an important role.

The purpose of the study was to study the personality traits of employees of the internal affairs bodies of the Russian Federation serving in the North Caucasus region.

In the study, we used the following empirical methods: G. Shmishek's questionnaire for adults, the forecast (Prognoz) -1 questionnaire (express assessment of neuropsychic stability), a modified (extended) version of the ITO questionnaire (KV Sugonyaev's modification).

In total, 184 employees who served in the Republic of Dagestan in 2019-2020 took part in the study. For situational reasons, this sample was divided into three subgroups: 45 employees, 79 employees and 60 employees.

In the process of selecting employees sent to the North Caucasus region, it is necessary to study the characteristics of neuropsychic stability, character accentuations, the level of anxiety, behavior, this will make it possible to predict the quality of training of law enforcement officers, the reliability of the employee's behavior, and contribute to his success in stressful conditions.

For the purposes of primary prevention, employees for whom a high level of anxiety is characteristic, a low level of neuropsychic stability should be excluded from those sent on business trips to special conditions of service.
Comparative analysis of manifestations of creative abilities of employees of operational units of the Ministry of Internal Affairs of Russia
Authors: Kostina Ekaterina
Published: June 2021

The article reveals the relevance of studying the creative abilities of employees of operational divisions of the Ministry of Internal Affairs of Russia and the manifestations of these abilities. Based on theoretical approaches, the author's definition of the creative abilities of employees is given. A comparative analysis of the creative abilities of operational employees and students of the graduation course (students in the specialization of operational search activity) is given, according to which the creative abilities of employees are wide and complex, while students of the graduation course are characterized by a deficit of creative abilities. As a result of the application of mathematical and statistical processing, the factors that are included in the structure of the creative potential of listeners (personal creativity, intellectual and personal potential, adaptability, self-actualization, resilience, existential fulfillment) have been identified and disclosed. The types of personality of listeners differing in their creative potential (strategic, tactical, sensitive), as well as their description are presented. It is concluded that the creative abilities of employees of operational units are integrated and individualized in the process of solving complex operational and service tasks (individual and collective) due to the coordinated manifestation of logic, subtle sensitivity and intuition in extreme conditions and situations of uncertainty.
Respiratory Health Implications among Wet-Blue Leather Tannery Workers of Kasur
Authors: Saleem Irfan , Ali Zulfiqar , Hussain Ali
Published: June 2021

Work-related respiratory diseases have imperative role in the globular burden of occupational lung diseases throughout the world. These respiratory disorders can be caused by environmental hazards in the workplace and account for 10-20% of all chronic lung diseases. It is surprising that in Pakistan, scarce data is available on the pulmonary health of tannery workers. Therefore, this study aimed to determine the respiratory-specific health status of wet-blue leather tannery workers in Kasur city, Pakistan. A sample of 227 tannery workers engaged in four different tanneries was selected as a sample of convenience. A control group of 112 participants independent from exposure was also selected from the local community. Respiratory health was determined through an adopted symptom-based questionnaire and pulmonary function tests (PFTs). These tests were carried out by using a portable spirometer, during September-December 2019. A multiple Linear regression analysis was performed to analyze the amount of variance in PFTs by demographics and respiratory symptoms. Among tannery workers, the complaints of respiratory symptoms were 27.8% as compared to 21.4% of the control group. While based on the PFTs, total cases of impaired- pulmonary function among tannery workers were 34.3% as compared to 19.7% of the control. A statistically significant relationship was found between age, job duration, education, respiratory symptoms, and pulmonary function parameters. This study will contribute to generate baseline data of respiratory health status of the tannery workers. Further studies are recommended to find an association between occupational factors and workplace-related respiratory problems to reduce the burden of occupational diseases.

Keywords: Occupational diseases, Lung diseases, Respiratory function tests, Spirometry, Workplace
Simple high-sensitivity optical fiber humidity sensor
Authors: Guo Jiachen , Chang Min , Xiao Yinfeng , Song Qiuheng , Zhao Dong , Jia Bo
Published: June 2021

A new optical fiber humidity sensor with high sensitivity is reported. We effectively control the light-intensity changes in a smaller sensing area and achieve a significant increase in sensitivity by adjusting the depth of the evanescent field of the tapered fiber. The sensor is designed with an 8 µm diameter single-mode tapered fiber structure coated with a thickness of a 10 mm length carbomer layer in the tapered area. The average and maximum relative humidity (RH) sensitivities are 2.59 dB/%RH and 5.43 dB/%RH in the range of 68%–90%. To our best knowledge, the sensitivity of the sensor is highest compared with that of the previously reported. Moreover, the fast response time and recovery time of the sensor are ideal. In addition, the proposed humidity sensor has good repeatability and lower-temperature cross talk. Due to the excellent indicators, the proposed sensor has promising potential for highly sensitive RH sensing applications, especially early warning of special environments.
Generalized chromatic aberrations in non-rotationally symmetric optical systems–Part II: applications
Authors: Cai Danyun , Gross Herbert
Published: June 2021

In this paper, as a supplement to Part I, three examples will be provided to verify our
methods. In the first example of a double Gauss system, the chromatic
aberrations calculated by our methods and those given by the Seidel
aberrations are compared. Then we will present two examples analyzing
the generalized chromatic aberrations in refractive system with
freeform surfaces by our methods. The stereomicroscope is utilized to
demonstrate the feasibility and consistency of both ray- and
wavefront-based methods. The anamorphic imaging objective lens proves
that it is necessary to consider the pupil aberration when it cannot
be neglected. In both examples, the surface decomposed a full-field
display of the chromatic aberrations shows us that it is a convenient
and powerful tool to analyze the generalized chromatic aberrations in
nonrotationally symmetric refractive optical systems.
Photonic time-stretch based on phase modulation for sub-octave applications
Authors: He Hongxia , Yang Shuna , Yang Bo , Zhai Yanrong , Jin Tao , Chi Hao
Published: June 2021

Photonic time-stretch (PTS) has been extensively studied due to its great potential in analog-to-digital converters. Here, we propose and demonstrate a PTS system based on phase modulation for sub-octave applications. Different from the PTS system using a Mach–Zehnder modulator (MZM), the PTS system, which uses a phase modulator (PM), has an operation bandwidth within an octave and is more suitable for preprocessing of sub-octave signals. Within the sub-octave band, the system is free of all second-order spurious signals. Because there is no direct current bias in a PM, the problem of bias drift, as well as the nonlinear distortion caused by it, can be thoroughly avoided. In addition, based on phase modulation and direct detection, the proposed PTS system has higher stability and a more simplified structure than that based on coherent detection. An exact analytical model has been established, and some compact expressions have been derived to fully characterize all frequency components of the PM-based PTS system. System properties, including the power transfer function, 3-dB bandwidth, and nonlinear distortion have been discussed, and numerical and experimental results on the performance of the PM-based PTS have been presented. In addition, a dual-channel PTS that employs a PM and a push-pull MZM has been proposed to extend the operation bandwidth to multi-octave.
Aberration compensation strategy for the radius of curvature error of the primary mirror in off-axis three-mirror anastigmatic telescopes
Authors: Bai Xiaoquan , Xu Boqian , Ju Guohao , Ma Hongcai , Zhang Chunyue , Wang Shuaihui , Xu Shuyan
Published: June 2021

This paper discusses compensation strategies for the aberration fields caused by the error in the radius of curvature (ROC) of the primary mirror (PM) in pupil-offset off-axis three-mirror anastigmatic (TMA) astronomical telescopes. Based on the nodal aberration theory framework, the specific astigmatic and coma aberrations of the off-axis three-mirror system in the presence of the ROC error of the PM are derived. It is demonstrated that some field-dependent aberration components can be induced by ROC error in the off-axis TMA telescopes, apart from the dominating field-constant aberration terms. To reduce the influence of the ROC error on the aberration fields, we propose two aberration compensation strategies: adjusting the position of the PM and introducing axial misalignment of the secondary mirror (SM). Through theoretical analysis and simulations, we conclude that the compensation strategy of changing the axial position of the PM can make the aberration distribution close to the nominal state; the compensation strategy of axially adjusting the SM can make the aberration distribution meet the observation requirements, which is more suitable for space applications. We also discuss compensating the effect of the ROC error using lateral misalignments.
Laser-based material interactions and ablation processes by bursts of 70 ps pulses
Authors: Kočica Jernej Jan , Mur Jaka , Petelin Jaka , Petkovšek Rok
Published: June 2021

The intermediate pulse duration regime between typical ultra-short and nanosecond pulses has been investigated using MHz-range bursts of 70 ps pulses emitted from a custom-made fiber laser source. The goal of this study was to observe and understand the processes involved during laser ablation on the timescales from picoseconds to nanoseconds, relevant due to pulses in bursts. We developed material processing approaches that enable similar behaviour as single 70 ps pulse ablation to ultra-short pulses in terms of quality and burst-mode behaviour like nanosecond pulses in terms of efficiency. The variability of the fiber laser operation modes was studied and compared to both ultra-short and nanosecond pulses from standard laser sources.
Conical holographic display to expand the vertical field of view
Authors: Zhou Zhenxing , Wang Jun , Wu Yang , Jin Fengming , Zhang Zekun , Ma Yifan , Chen Ni
Published: June 2021

Recently, cylindrical holographic display technology as a 360-degree display technology has attracted much attention. However, all the studies are based on the field of view (FOV) in the azimuth direction, and the issue of FOV in the vertical direction has never been discussed. In this paper, a new holographic display is proposed to expand the vertical FOV by a conical holographic diffraction model, in which the object plane is the outer cylinder and the observation plane is a part of the cone. In this proposed method, the proposed diffraction model is firstly established by the Rayleigh-Sommerfeld diffraction formula, and then the convolution and FFT are used for a fast diffraction calculation. The correctness and effectiveness of our proposed method are verified by the simulation of Young's interference and the numerical reconstructions from the complex amplitude and encoded holograms, respectively. In addition, an accurate relationship between the conical inclination angle and the vertical FOV expansion is analyzed, and the simulation results show that our proposed method can significantly expand the vertical FOV by 0.4 of the original object. Therefore, the issue of the vertical FOV in cylindrical holography is deeply discussed and successfully addressed for the first time.
Efficient second-harmonic generation of a high-energy, femtosecond laser pulse in a lithium triborate crystal
Authors: Aparajit C. , Jana Kamalesh , Lad Amit D. , Ved Yash M. , Couairon Arnaud , Kumar G. Ravindra
Published: June 2021

We demonstrate the highest efficiency (

∼

80
%

) second harmonic generation of joule level, 27 fs, high-contrast pulses in a type-I lithium triborate (LBO) crystal. In comparison, potassium dihydrogen phosphate gives a maximum efficiency of 26%. LBO thus offers high-intensity (

>

10

18
−
19

W

/

c
m

2

), ultra-high contrast femtosecond pulses, which have great potential for high energy density science and applications, particularly with nanostructured targets.
Cross-compensation of Zernike aberrations in Gaussian beam optics
Authors: Czuchnowski Jakub , Prevedel Robert
Published: June 2021

Zernike polynomials are one of the most widely used mathematical descriptors of optical aberrations in the fields of imaging and adaptive optics. Their mathematical orthogonality as well as isomorphisms with experimentally observable aberrations make them a very powerful tool in solving numerous problems in beam optics, most notably the recent developments of adaptive optics for correcting beam aberrations. However, Zernike aberrations show cross coupling between individual modes when used in combination with Gaussian beams, which are ubiquitous in most practical applications, an effect that has not been extensively studied. Here we propose a novel framework that is capable of explaining the fundamental cross-compensation of Zernike type aberrations, in both low-aberration and high-aberration regimes. Our approach is based on analyzing the coupling between Zernike modes and different classes of Laguerre–Gauss modes, which allows investigating aberrated beams not only on a single transverse plane but also during their 3D propagation.
Hybrid level anharmonicity and interference-induced photon blockade in a two-qubit cavity QED system with dipole–dipole interaction
Authors: Zhu C. J. , Hou K. , Yang Y. P. , Deng L.
Published: June 2021

We theoretically study a quantum destructive interference (QDI)-induced photon blockade in a two-qubit driven cavity quantum electrodynamics system with dipole–dipole interaction (DDI). In the absence of dipole–dipole interaction, we show that a QDI-induced photon blockade can be achieved only when the qubit resonance frequency is different from the cavity mode frequency. When DDI is introduced the condition for this photon blockade is strongly dependent upon the pump field frequency, and yet is insensitive to the qubit–cavity coupling strength. Using this tunability feature we show that the conventional energy-level-anharmonicity-induced photon blockade and this DDI-based QDI-induced photon blockade can be combined together, resulting in a hybrid system with substantially improved mean photon number and second-order correlation function. Our proposal provides a nonconventional and experimentally feasible platform for generating single photons.
Recruitment of release sites underlies chemical presynaptic potentiation at hippocampal mossy fiber boutons
Authors: Orlando Marta , Dvorzhak Anton , Bruentgens Felicitas , Maglione Marta , Rost Benjamin R. , Sigrist Stephan J. , Breustedt Jörg , Schmitz Dietmar
Published: June 2021

Synaptic plasticity is a cellular model for learning and memory. However, the expression mechanisms underlying presynaptic forms of plasticity are not well understood. Here, we investigate functional and structural correlates of presynaptic potentiation at large hippocampal mossy fiber boutons induced by the adenylyl cyclase activator forskolin. We performed 2-photon imaging of the genetically encoded glutamate sensor iGluu that revealed an increase in the surface area used for glutamate release at potentiated terminals. Time-gated stimulated emission depletion microscopy revealed no change in the coupling distance between P/Q-type calcium channels and release sites mapped by Munc13-1 cluster position. Finally, by high-pressure freezing and transmission electron microscopy analysis, we found a fast remodeling of synaptic ultrastructure at potentiated boutons: Synaptic vesicles dispersed in the terminal and accumulated at the active zones, while active zone density and synaptic complexity increased. We suggest that these rapid and early structural rearrangements might enable long-term increase in synaptic strength.
High-affinity P2Y2 and low-affinity P2X7 receptor interaction modulates ATP-mediated calcium signaling in murine osteoblasts
Authors: Mikolajewicz Nicholas , Smith Delaney , Komarova Svetlana V. , Khadra Anmar
Published: June 2021

The P2 purinergic receptor family implicated in many physiological processes, including neurotransmission, mechanical adaptation and inflammation, consists of ATP-gated non-specific cation channels P2XRs and G-protein coupled receptors P2YRs. Different cells, including bone forming osteoblasts, express multiple P2 receptors; however, how P2X and P2Y receptors interact in generating cellular responses to various doses of [ATP] remains poorly understood. Using primary bone marrow and compact bone derived osteoblasts and BMP2-expressing C2C12 osteoblastic cells, we demonstrated conserved features in the P2-mediated Ca2+responses to ATP, including a transition of Ca2+response signatures from transient at low [ATP] to oscillatory at moderate [ATP], and back to transient at high [ATP], and a non-monotonic changes in the response magnitudes which exhibited two troughs at 10−4and 10−2M [ATP]. We identified P2Y2 and P2X7 receptors as predominantly contributing to these responses and constructed a mathematical model of P2Y2R-induced inositol trisphosphate (IP3) mediated Ca2+release coupled to a Markov model of P2X7R dynamics to study this system. Model predictions were validated using parental and CRISPR/Cas9-generated P2Y2 and P2Y7 knockouts in osteoblastic C2C12-BMP cells. Activation of P2Y2 by progressively increasing [ATP] induced a transition from transient to oscillatory to transient Ca2+responses due to the biphasic nature of IP3Rs and the interaction of SERCA pumps with IP3Rs. At high [ATP], activation of P2X7R modulated the response magnitudes through an interplay between the biphasic nature of IP3Rs and the desensitization kinetics of P2X7Rs. Moreover, we found that P2Y2 activity may alter the kinetics of P2X7 towards favouring naïve state activation. Finally, we demonstrated the functional consequences of lacking P2Y2 or P2X7 in osteoblast mechanotransduction. This study thus provides important insights into the biophysical mechanisms underlying ATP-dependent Ca2+response signatures, which are important in mediating bone mechanoadaptation.
Evaluation of improved coloured targets to control riverine tsetse in East Africa: A Bayesian approach
Authors: Santer Roger D. , Okal Michael N. , Esterhuizen Johan , Torr Steve J.
Published: June 2021

Background

Riverine tsetse (Glossinaspp.) transmitTrypanosoma brucei gambiensewhich causes Gambian Human African Trypanosomiasis. Tiny Targets were developed for cost-effective riverine tsetse control, and comprise panels of insecticide-treated blue polyester fabric and black net that attract and kill tsetse. Versus typical blue polyesters, two putatively more attractive fabrics have been developed: Vestergaard ZeroFly blue, and violet. Violet was most attractive to savannah tsetse using large targets, but neither fabric has been tested for riverine tsetse using Tiny Targets.

Methods

We measured numbers ofG.f.fuscipesattracted to electrified Tiny Targets in Kenya and Uganda. We compared violets, Vestergaard blues, and a typical blue polyester, using three replicated Latin squares experiments. We then employed Bayesian statistical analyses to generate expected catches for future target deployments incorporating uncertainty in model parameters, and prior knowledge from previous experiments.

Results

Expected catches for average future replicates of violet and Vestergaard blue targets were highly likely to exceed those for typical blue. Accounting for catch variability between replicates, it remained moderately probable (70–86% and 59–84%, respectively) that a given replicate of these targets would have a higher expected catch than typical blue on the same day at the same site. Meanwhile, expected catches for average violet replicates were, in general, moderately likely to exceed those for Vestergaard blue. However, the difference in medians was small, and accounting for catch variability, the probability that the expected catch for a violet replicate would exceed a Vestergaard blue equivalent was marginal (46–71%).

Conclusion

Violet and Vestergaard ZeroFly blue are expected to outperform typical blue polyester in the Tiny Target configuration. Violet is unlikely to greatly outperform Vestergaard blue deployed in this way, but because violet is highly attractive to both riverine and savannah tsetse using different target designs, it may provide the more suitable general-purpose fabric.
The examination of biophysical parameters of the skin in Polish Konik horses
Authors: Cekiera Agnieszka , Popiel Jarosław , Siemieniuch Marta , Jaworski Zbigniew , Slowikowska Malwina , Siwinska Natalia , Zak Agnieszka , Niedzwiedz Artur
Published: June 2021

This study aimed to assess the biophysical parameters of the skin in Polish Konik horses (Polish primitive horses). According to the authors, this is the first assessment performed on such a wide scale in this group of animals. The evaluation carried out is innovative both with regards to the breed of the animals and the wide scope of the physicochemical skin assessment. The study group comprised mares, stallions and geldings, and the evaluations concerned transepidermal water loss, corneometry, pH, skin temperature assessment and mexametry. These parameters were assessed in five skin regions: the lips, the right ear, the prosternum, the right side of the neck and the chest. The measurements were taken after spreading the hair apart, with the use of a Multiprobe Adapter System (MPA®) and dedicated probes (Courage + Khazaka electronic GmbH, Cologne, Germany). The measurements revealed statistically significant differences in the values of transepidermal water loss in the lips in mares compared with stallions (P = 0.023) and also in stallions compared with geldings (P = 0.009). Corneometry showed significantly higher results in the neck region in mares compared with stallions (P = 0.037) and the prosternum areas in mares and geldings compared with stallions (P = 0.037 and P = 0.018). Skin pH measurement on the right side of the neck rendered significantly higher values in stallions than in mares (P = 0.037). In geldings, the skin temperature was significantly higher than in stallions (P = 0.049). Once the appropriate physicochemical values for specific animal species and breeds are determined, non-invasive methods of skin examination in many diseases and also methods of evaluation of the efficacy and/or adverse effects of applied medications can be established.
Heterogeneous networks: Fair power allocation in LTE-A uplink scenarios
Authors: Kurda Reben
Published: June 2021

Effective management of radio resources and service quality assurance are two of the essential aspects to furnish high-quality service in Long Term Evolution (LTE) networks. Despite the base station involving severalingeniousscheduling schemes for resource allocation, the intended outcome might be influenced by the interference, especially in heterogeneous scenarios, where many kinds of small cells can be deployed under the coverage of macrocell area. To develop the network of small cells, it is essential to take into account such boundaries, in particular, mobility, interference and resources scheduling a strategy which assist getting a higher spectral efficiency in anticipate small cells. Another challenge with small cellular network deployment is further analyzing the impact of power control techniques in the uplink direction for the network performance. With that being said, this article investigates the problem of interference in LTE-advanced heterogeneous networks. The proposed scheme allows mitigation inter-cell interference through fractional self-powered control performed at each femtocell user. This study analyzes a scheme with optimum power value that provides a compromise between the served uplink signal within unwanted interference plus noise ratio to enhance spectral efficiency in terms of throughput. In particular, the maximum transmit power for user equipment in uplink direction should be reviewed for small cells as a major contributor to the interference. The simulation results showed that the proposed fractional power control approach can outperform the traditional power control employed as a full compensation mode in small cell uplinks.
Muscle network topology analysis for the classification of chronic neck pain based on EMG biomarkers extracted during walking
Authors: Jiménez-Grande David , Atashzar S. Farokh , Martinez-Valdes Eduardo , Falla Deborah
Published: June 2021

Neuromuscular impairments are frequently observed in patients with chronic neck pain (CNP). This study uniquely investigates whether changes in neck muscle synergies detected during gait are sensitive enough to differentiate between people with and without CNP. Surface electromyography (EMG) was recorded from the sternocleidomastoid, splenius capitis, and upper trapezius muscles bilaterally from 20 asymptomatic individuals and 20 people with CNP as they performed rectilinear and curvilinear gait. Intermuscular coherence was computed to generate the functional inter-muscle connectivity network, the topology of which is quantified based on a set of graph measures. Besides the functional network, spectrotemporal analysis of each EMG was used to form the feature set. With the use of Neighbourhood Component Analysis (NCA), we identified the most significant features and muscles for the classification/differentiation task conducted using K-Nearest Neighbourhood (K-NN), Support Vector Machine (SVM), and Linear Discriminant Analysis (LDA) algorithms. The NCA algorithm selected features from muscle network topology as one of the most relevant feature sets, which further emphasize the presence of major differences in muscle network topology between people with and without CNP. Curvilinear gait achieved the best classification performance through NCA-SVM based on only 16 features (accuracy: 85.00%, specificity: 81.81%, and sensitivity: 88.88%). Intermuscular muscle networks can be considered as a new sensitive tool for the classification of people with CNP. These findings further our understanding of how fundamental muscle networks are altered in people with CNP.
Comparing the influence of stimulus size and contrast on the perception of moving gratings and random dot patterns—A registered report protocol
Authors: Wild Benedict , Treue Stefan
Published: June 2021

Modern accounts of visual motion processing in the primate brain emphasize a hierarchy of different regions within the dorsal visual pathway, especially primary visual cortex (V1) and the middle temporal area (MT). However, recent studies have called the idea of a processing pipeline with fixed contributions to motion perception from each area into doubt. Instead, the role that each area plays appears to depend on properties of the stimulus as well as perceptual history. We propose to test this hypothesis in human subjects by comparing motion perception of two commonly used stimulus types: drifting sinusoidal gratings (DSGs) and random dot patterns (RDPs). To avoid potential biases in our approach we are pre-registering our study. We will compare the effects of size and contrast levels on the perception of the direction of motion for DSGs and RDPs. In addition, based on intriguing results in a pilot study, we will also explore the effects of a post-stimulus mask. Our approach will offer valuable insights into how motion is processed by the visual system and guide further behavioral and neurophysiological research.