bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Assessment of dicamba and 2,4-D residues in Palmer amaranth and soybean
Authors: Zaccaro-Gruener Maria Leticia , Norsworthy Jason K. , Piveta Leonard B. , Barber L. Tom , Mauromoustakos Andy
Published: September 2023

Off-target movement of 2,4-D and dicamba is sometimes to blame as the cause of symptoms observed in weeds growing in production fields. Pesticide regulatory authorities routinely sample tissues of weeds or crops from fields under investigation for potential illegal use of auxin herbicides. This research aimed to determine if analytical tests of herbicide residue on soybean or Palmer amaranth vegetation treated with dicamba or 2,4-D could be used to differentiate between rates applied and how the residue levels decay over a 1-mo interval. Four rates of each herbicide (1X, 0.1X, 0.01X, and 0.001X) were applied, with a 1X rate of dicamba and 2,4-D assumed to be 560 and 1,065 g ae ha−1, respectively. Experiments included dicamba- and 2,4-D-resistant soybean (Xtend® and Enlist® traits, respectively) and Palmer amaranth categorized by size (8 to 15 cm, 20 to 30 cm, and 35 to 50 cm in height). Analytical results show that herbicide residues were detected above detection limits of 0.04 µg g−1 for dicamba and 0.004 µg g−1 for 2,4-D, respectively, particularly for samples treated with a 1X and 0.1X rate of dicamba or 2,4-D. Nondetections were frequent, even as early as 2 to 3 d after treatment (DAT), with 0.01X and 0.001X rates of 2,4-D or dicamba. Residues declined rapidly on Xtend® soybean treated with dicamba and on Enlist® soybean treated with 2,4-D. The severity of auxin symptomology generally agreed with the ability to detect dicamba or 2,4-D residue in plant tissue for Palmer amaranth, whereas for soybean, this was not always the case. Hence detecting dicamba or 2,4-D residues in both Palmer amaranth and soybean vegetation, along with visible symptoms on both plants during investigations, would generally indicate an earlier direct application of the auxin herbicide rather than off-target movement being the cause of detection.
Erosion and Transport of Dry Soil Bed by Collisional Granular Flow: Insights From a Combined Experimental–Numerical Investigation
Authors: Jiang Yupeng , Song Pengjia , Choi Clarence E. , Choo Jinhyun
Published: September 2023

Collision‐induced stresses on soil beds under granular geophysical flows have been demonstrated to be highly erosive. However, it remains mostly elusive as to how a collisional granular flow erodes and transports soil bed material. This paper presents a combined experimental and numerical investigation into the mechanisms underlying collision‐induced erosion and transport of dry soil beds. A series of flume experiments are conducted where collisional granular flows erode dry sand beds under varied conditions. The experiments are then back‐analyzed using a hybrid continuum–discrete simulator to gain physical insight into the erosion and transport processes. Results show that the key mechanism of collision‐induced erosion and transport is the retexturing of the soil bed surface. This implies that bed morphology, which has often been overlooked in mobility and hazard assessments, has profound effects on erosion and transport potential. Further, contrary to most existing models that assume all the eroded bed volume is carried away by granular flow, it is found that only up to 80% of the eroded material is transported. Also found is that the collisional stresses of the monodisperse grains in this study follow the Pareto distribution in which 80% of differences in the outcomes are due to 20% of causes. This finding suggests that there is measurable certainness in a seemingly random process of coarse grain collisions with an erodible soil bed.
40Ar/39Ar Age Constraints on MIS 5.5 and MIS 5.3 Paleo‐Sea Levels: Implications for Global Sea Levels and Ice‐Volume Estimates
Authors: Marra F. , Florindo F. , Gaeta M. , Jicha B. R.
Published: September 2023

We integrate 10 new with five published 40Ar/39Ar age determinations, both on primary volcanic deposits and on detrital sanidine, which provide precise geochronologic control on the Marine Isotope Stage (MIS) 5.5 and MIS 5.3 sea‐level indicators that occur at three coastal caves in a tectonically stable region of the central Tyrrhenian Sea of Italy. The age of a Strombus‐bearing bioclastic conglomerate, associated with a tidal notch occurring at 9.5 m a.s.l. at Cape Circeo, is constrained to between 121.5 ± 5.8 and 116.2 ± 1.2 ka. Moreover, backbeach deposits intercalated in the sedimentary filling of Guattari and Capre coastal caves are directly correlated with a tidal notch at ∼2.5 m associated with another bioclastic conglomerate at Cape Circeo and dated to 110.4 ± 1.4–104.9 ± 0.9 ka. The latter deposit is also correlated with the adjacent marine terrace, occurring at 3–5 m on the coast between Capes Circeo and Anzio, for which a maximum age of 100.7 ± 6.6 ka was previously reported. These data provide evidence for a maximum sea level around 9.5 m above the present sea level and a duration of MIS 5.5 highstand until 116 ka, in agreement with estimates from other regions in the world. In contrast, they suggest a maximum sea level during MIS 5.3 highstand that is similar to the present level, and only ∼7 m lower than the MIS 5.5 highstand, challenging the reconstructions of the MIS 5 ice‐sheet volumes and derived global sea levels that are based on benthic oxygen isotope records.
Exploring the crosstalk between endothelial cells, immune cells, and immune checkpoints in the tumor microenvironment: new insights and therapeutic implications
Authors: Fang Jianwen , Lu Yue , Zheng Jingyan , Jiang Xiaocong , Shen Haixing , Shang Xi , Lu Yuexin , Fu Peifen
Published: September 2023

The tumor microenvironment (TME) is a highly intricate milieu, comprising a multitude of components, including immune cells and stromal cells, that exert a profound influence on tumor initiation and progression. Within the TME, angiogenesis is predominantly orchestrated by endothelial cells (ECs), which foster the proliferation and metastasis of malignant cells. The interplay between tumor and immune cells with ECs is complex and can either bolster or hinder the immune system. Thus, a comprehensive understanding of the intricate crosstalk between ECs and immune cells is essential to advance the development of immunotherapeutic interventions. Despite recent progress, the underlying molecular mechanisms that govern the interplay between ECs and immune cells remain elusive. Nevertheless, the immunomodulatory function of ECs has emerged as a pivotal determinant of the immune response. In light of this, the study of the relationship between ECs and immune checkpoints has garnered considerable attention in the field of immunotherapy. By targeting specific molecular pathways and signaling molecules associated with ECs in the TME, novel immunotherapeutic strategies may be devised to enhance the efficacy of current treatments. In this vein, we sought to elucidate the relationship between ECs, immune cells, and immune checkpoints in the TME, with the ultimate goal of identifying novel therapeutic targets and charting new avenues for immunotherapy.
Linear-to-circular polarization conversion with full-silica meta-optics to reduce nonlinear effects in high-energy lasers
Authors: Bonod Nicolas , Brianceau Pierre , Daurios Jérôme , Grosjean Sylvain , Roquin Nadja , Gleyze Jean-Francois , Lamaignère Laurent , Neauport Jérôme
Published: September 2023

High-energy lasers have benefited from intense efforts to bring light-matter interactions to new standards and to achieve laser fusion ignition. One of the main issues to further increasing laser energy is the resistance of optical materials to high laser fluences, in particular at the final stage of the laser beamline where nonlinear Kerr effects can occur in optical materials and provoke laser filamentation. One promising way to mitigate this process is to reduce the nonlinear susceptibility of the material by switching the polarization from a linear to a circular state. Here, we report a significant reduction in the laser filamentation effect on glass by using a full-silica metamaterial waveplateable to switch the linear-to-circular polarization of high fluence laser beams. This result is achieved through the use of a large size full-silica meta-optics exhibiting nominal polarization conversion associated with an excellent transmission efficiency and wavefront quality, as well as a high laser damage resistance.
Unraveling the mechanisms of deep-brain stimulation of the internal capsule in a mouse model
Authors: van den Boom Bastijn J. G. , Elhazaz-Fernandez Alfredo , Rasmussen Peter A. , van Beest Enny H. , Parthasarathy Aishwarya , Denys Damiaan , Willuhn Ingo
Published: September 2023

Deep-brain stimulation (DBS) is an effective treatment for patients suffering from otherwise therapy-resistant psychiatric disorders, including obsessive-compulsive disorder. Modulation of cortico-striatal circuits has been suggested as a mechanism of action. To gain mechanistic insight, we monitored neuronal activity in cortico-striatal regions in a mouse model for compulsive behavior, while systematically varying clinically-relevant parameters of internal-capsule DBS. DBS showed dose-dependent effects on both brain and behavior: An increasing, yet balanced, number of excited and inhibited neurons was recruited, scattered throughout cortico-striatal regions, while excessive grooming decreased. Such neuronal recruitment did not alter basic brain function such as resting-state activity, and only occurred in awake animals, indicating a dependency on network activity. In addition to these widespread effects, we observed specific involvement of the medial orbitofrontal cortex in therapeutic outcomes, which was corroborated by optogenetic stimulation. Together, our findings provide mechanistic insight into how DBS exerts its therapeutic effects on compulsive behaviors.
Stable and oxidative charged Ru enhance the acidic oxygen evolution reaction activity in two-dimensional ruthenium-iridium oxide
Authors: Zhu Wenxiang , Song Xiangcong , Liao Fan , Huang Hui , Shao Qi , Feng Kun , Zhou Yunjie , Ma Mengjie , Wu Jie , Yang Hao , Yang Haiwei , Wang Meng , Shi Jie , Zhong Jun , Cheng Tao , Shao Mingwang , Liu Yang , Kang Zhenhui
Published: September 2023

The oxygen evolution reactions in acid play an important role in multiple energy storage devices. The practical promising Ru-Ir based catalysts need both the stable high oxidation state of the Ru centers and the high stability of these Ru species. Here, we report stable and oxidative charged Ru in two-dimensional ruthenium-iridium oxide enhances the activity. The Ru0.5Ir0.5O2 catalyst shows high activity in acid with a low overpotential of 151 mV at 10 mA cm−2, a high turnover frequency of 6.84 s−1 at 1.44 V versus reversible hydrogen electrode and good stability (618.3 h operation). Ru0.5Ir0.5O2 catalysts can form more Ru active sites with high oxidation states at lower applied voltages after Ir incorporation, which is confirmed by the pulse voltage induced current method. Also, The X-ray absorption spectroscopy data shows that the Ru-O-Ir local structure in two-dimensional Ru0.5Ir0.5O2 solid solution improved the stability of these Ru centers.
O-methyltransferase-like enzyme catalyzed diazo installation in polyketide biosynthesis
Authors: Zhao Yuchun , Liu Xiangyang , Xiao Zhihong , Zhou Jie , Song Xingyu , Wang Xiaozheng , Hu Lijun , Wang Ying , Sun Peng , Wang Wenning , He Xinyi , Lin Shuangjun , Deng Zixin , Pan Lifeng , Jiang Ming
Published: September 2023

Diazo compounds are rare natural products possessing various biological activities. Kinamycin and lomaiviticin, two diazo natural products featured by the diazobenzofluorene core, exhibit exceptional potency as chemotherapeutic agents. Despite the extensive studies on their biosynthetic gene clusters and the assembly of their polyketide scaffolds, the formation of the characteristic diazo group remains elusive. l-Glutamylhydrazine was recently shown to be the hydrazine donor in kinamycin biosynthesis, however, the mechanism for the installation of the hydrazine group onto the kinamycin scaffold is still unclear. Here we describe an O-methyltransferase-like protein, AlpH, which is responsible for the hydrazine incorporation in kinamycin biosynthesis. AlpH catalyses a unique SAM-independent coupling of l-glutamylhydrazine and polyketide intermediate via a rare Mannich reaction in polyketide biosynthesis. Our discovery expands the catalytic diversity of O-methyltransferase-like enzymes and lays a strong foundation for the discovery and development of novel diazo natural products through genome mining and synthetic biology.
Iberian Margin surface ocean cooling led freshening during Marine Isotope Stage 6 abrupt cooling events
Authors: Zhang Hongrui , Huang Yongsong , Wijker Reto , Cacho Isabel , Torner Judit , Santos Madeleine , Kost Oliver , Wei Bingbing , Stoll Heather
Published: September 2023

The high-resolution paleoclimate records on the Iberian Margin provide an excellent archive to study the mechanism of abrupt climate events. Previous studies on the Iberian Margin proposed that the surface cooling reconstructed by the alkenone-unsaturation index coincided with surface water freshening inferred from an elevated percentage of tetra-unsaturated alkenones, C37:4%. However, recent data indicate that marine alkenone producers, coccolithophores, do not produce more C37:4 in culture as salinity decreases. Hence, the causes for high C37:4 are still unclear. Here we provide detailed alkenone measurements to trace the producers of alkenones in combination with foraminiferal Mg/Ca and oxygen isotope ratios to trace salinity variations. The results indicate that all alkenones were produced by coccolithophores and the high C37:4% reflects decrease in SST instead of freshening. Furthermore, during the millennial climate changes, a surface freshening did not always trigger a cooling, but sometimes happened in the middle of multiple-stage cooling events and likely amplified the temperature decrease.
Elevated plasma sclerostin is associated with high brain amyloid-β load in cognitively normal older adults
Authors: Yuan Jun , Pedrini Steve , Thota Rohith , Doecke James , Chatterjee Pratishtha , Sohrabi Hamid R. , Teunissen Charlotte E. , Verberk Inge M. W. , Stoops Erik , Vanderstichele Hugo , Meloni Bruno P. , Mitchell Christopher , Rainey-Smith Stephanie , Goozee Kathryn , Tai Andrew Chi Pang , Ashton Nicholas , Zetterberg Henrik , Blennow Kaj , Gao Junjie , Liu Delin , Mastaglia Frank , Inderjeeth Charles , Zheng Minghao , Martins Ralph N.
Published: September 2023

Osteoporosis and Alzheimer’s disease (AD) mainly affect older individuals, and the possibility of an underlying link contributing to their shared epidemiological features has rarely been investigated. In the current study, we investigated the association between levels of plasma sclerostin (SOST), a protein primarily produced by bone, and brain amyloid-beta (Aβ) load, a pathological hallmark of AD. The study enrolled participants meeting a set of screening inclusion and exclusion criteria and were stratified into Aβ− (n = 65) and Aβ+ (n = 35) according to their brain Aβ load assessed using Aβ-PET (positron emission tomography) imaging. Plasma SOST levels, apolipoprotein E gene (APOE) genotype and several putative AD blood-biomarkers including Aβ40, Aβ42, Aβ42/Aβ40, neurofilament light (NFL), glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP), total tau (t-tau) and phosphorylated tau (p-tau181 and p-tau231) were detected and compared. It was found that plasma SOST levels were significantly higher in the Aβ+ group (71.49 ± 25.00 pmol/L) compared with the Aβ− group (56.51 ± 22.14 pmol/L) (P < 0.01). Moreover, Spearman’s correlation analysis showed that plasma SOST concentrations were positively correlated with brain Aβ load (ρ = 0.321, P = 0.001). Importantly, plasma SOST combined with Aβ42/Aβ40 ratio significantly increased the area under the curve (AUC) when compared with using Aβ42/Aβ40 ratio alone (AUC = 0.768 vs 0.669, P = 0.027). In conclusion, plasma SOST levels are elevated in cognitively unimpaired older adults at high risk of AD and SOST could complement existing plasma biomarkers to assist in the detection of preclinical AD.
The spatial phase transition of micro/nano particles and its effect on the cleaning efficiency of laser-plasma shock wave cleaning
Authors: Li Shijie , He Changtao , Xie Na , Xiao Jing , Zhao Junpu , Han Jinghua , Feng Guoying , Song Qianqian
Published: September 2023

Plasma cleaning is an effective method for removing micro/nanoparticle particles, thus solving the pollution problem of micro/nanoparticle instruments. However, the lack of research on the phase transition evolution law of micro/nanoparticles under the action of plasma affects the popularization and application of this method and is the key factor that affects the cleaning quality. The focus of this study is to analyze this law. Through experimental observation and finite element simulation, the spatial phase transition distribution characteristics of particles and the influence law of laser parameters are analyzed. Moreover, the effect of the particle phase transition on the cleaning process is discussed. The removal threshold and the best removal area of different particles are presented, and a reference and guidance for the follow-up development of laser-plasma shock wave removal technology are provided.
Identification of m5C-related lncRNAs signature to predict prognosis and therapeutic responses in esophageal squamous cell carcinoma patients
Authors: Ma Yuan , Sun Yuchen , Zhao Xu , Li Jing , Fu Xing , Gong Tuotuo , Zhang Xiaozhi
Published: September 2023

Esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC) has a dismal prognosis because of atypical early symptoms and heterogeneous therapeutic responses. 5-methylcytosine (m5C) modification plays an important role in the onset and development of many tumors and is widespread in long non-coding RNA (lncRNA) transcripts. However, the functions of m5C and lncRNAs in ESCC have not been completely elucidated. Herein, this study aimed to explore the role of m5C-related lncRNAs in ESCC. The RNA-seq transcriptome profiles and clinical information were downloaded from the TCGA-ESCC database. Pearson analysis was used to identify m5C-related lncRNAs. Then we established the m5C-related lncRNAs prognostic signature (m5C-LPS) using univariate Cox and least absolute shrinkage and selection operator (LASSO) regression analysis. Then, the prognostic value of m5C-LPS was evaluated internally and externally using the TCGA-ESCC and GSE53622 databases through multiple methods. We also detected the expression of these lncRNAs in ESCC cell lines and patient tissues. Fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) was used to detect the prognostic value of specific lncRNA. In addition, clinical parameters, immune status, genomic variants, oncogenic pathways, enrichment pathways, and therapeutic response features associated with m5C-LPS were explored using bioinformatics methods. We constructed and validated a prognostic signature based on 9 m5C-related lncRNAs (AC002091.2, AC009275.1, CAHM, LINC02057.1, AC0006329.1, AC037459.3, AC064807.1, ATP2B1-AS1, and UBAC2-AS1). The quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR) revealed that most lncRNAs were upregulated in ESCC cell lines and patient tissues. And AC002091.2 was validated to have significant prognostic value in ESCC patients. A composite nomogram was generated to facilitate clinical practice by integrating this signature with the N stage. Besides, patients in the low-risk group were characterized by good clinical outcomes, favorable immune status, and low oncogenic alteration. Function enrichment analysis indicated that the risk score was associated with mRNA splicing, ncRNA processing, and DNA damage repair response. At the same time, we found significant differences in the responses to chemoradiotherapy between the two groups, proving the value of m5C-LPS in treatment decision-making in ESCC. This study established a novel prognostic signature based on 9 m5C-related lncRNAs, which is a promising biomarker for predicting clinical outcomes and therapeutic response in ESCC.
Automatic measurement of the Cobb angle for adolescent idiopathic scoliosis using convolutional neural network
Authors: Maeda Yoshihiro , Nagura Takeo , Nakamura Masaya , Watanabe Kota
Published: September 2023

This study proposes a convolutional neural network method for automatic vertebrae detection and Cobb angle (CA) measurement on X-ray images for scoliosis. 1021 full-length X-ray images of the whole spine of patients with adolescent idiopathic scoliosis (AIS) were used for training and segmentation. The proposed AI algorithm's results were compared with those of the manual method by six doctors using the intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC). The ICCs recorded by six doctors and AI were excellent or good, with a value of 0.973 for the major curve in the standing position. The mean error between AI and doctors was not affected by the angle size, with AI tending to measure 1.7°–2.2° smaller than that measured by the doctors. The proposed method showed a high correlation with the doctors’ measurements, regardless of the CA size, doctors’ experience, and patient posture. The proposed method showed excellent reliability, indicating that it is a promising automated method for measuring CA in patients with AIS.
Anterior segment indices in mentally retarded children
Authors: Hashemi Hassan , Mohayeji Amin , Farzaneh Abdollah , Yekta Abbasali , Ostadimoghaddam Hadi , Asharlous Amir , Khabazkhoob Mehdi
Published: September 2023

To compare the anterior segment indices between mentally retarded and normal children. The current study was conducted as a cohort. In this study, 73 mentally retarded and 76 normal children were selected from normal school and special schools for mentally retarded children using random cluster sampling method. Mental retardation in children was confirmed by a psychologist. Optometry examinations including visual acuity and refraction were performed for all participants, and ultimately, corneal imaging measurements were taken by Pentacam. The mean age of mentally retarded and normal children was of 13.30 ± 1.83 and 13.05 ± 1.82 years, respectively (P = 0.180). A multiple generalized estimating equations model demonstrated that there is a significant association between central corneal thickness (CCT) (coef = 1.011, P < 0.001), corneal diameter (CD) (coef = 0.444, P = 0.046), anterior chamber depth (ACD) (coef = 0.23), P < 0.001) and index of vertical asymmetry (IVA) (coef = 0.12, P < 0.001) and mental retardation. Cerebral palsy children had higher keratoconus index (KI), central keratoconus index (CKI), index of height asymmetry(IHA), and index of height decentration (IHD) compared to those without cerebral palsy (P < 0.05). Children with moderate mental retardation had higher index of surface variance (ISV), IVA, IHA, and IHD than those with mild mental retardation (P < 0.05). The mean and standard deviation of CCT, CD, ACD and IVA index in mentally retarded children were 535.3 ± 46.68 micron, 11.87 ± 0.42 mm, 3.29 ± 0.24 mm and 0.25 ± 0.18 mm, respectively. These indices in the normal group were 525.53 ± 47.52 micron, 11.84 ± 0.38 mm, 3.15 ± 0.28 mm and 0.17 ± 0.05 mm, respectively. The findings of this study showed that some anterior segment indices were different in mentally retarded compared to normal children. Moreover, some keratoconus indicators were worse in cerebral palsy children and children with higher grade mental retardation. So, it is important to consider keratoconus screening in these children.
Robust and perfectible constraints on human-induced Arctic amplification
Authors: Douville Hervé
Published: September 2023

The Arctic near-surface warming is much faster than its global counterpart. Yet, this Arctic amplification occurs a rate that is season, model and forcing-dependent. The present study aims at using temperature observations and reanalyses to constrain the projections of Arctic climate during the November-to-March season. Results show that the recently observed four-fold warming ratio is not entirely due to a human influence, and will decrease with increasing radiative forcings. Global versus regional temperature observations lead to complementary constraints on the projections. When Arctic amplification is defined as the additional polar warming relative to global warming, model uncertainties are narrowed by 30% after constraint. Similar results are obtained for projected changes in the Arctic sea ice extent (40%) and when using sea ice concentration and polar temperature observations to constrain the projected polar warming (37%), thereby confirming the key role of sea ice as a positive but model-dependent surface feedback.
Development of an image-based fluorometer with smartphone control for paper analytical devices
Authors: Silva Pereira Dênis Omael , Matos Mariana Mourão , Fonseca Alexandre
Published: September 2023

This work describes the construction and evaluation of a fluorometer for use in paper analytical devices, using a smartphone to operate the instrument and to perform real-time image-based detection.
Blue-LED activated photocatalytic hydrogenation of nitroarenes with Cu2O/CuO heterojunctions
Authors: Chamorro-Mena Ignacio , Linares Noemi , García-Martínez Javier
Published: September 2023

This study describes how the optimization of Cu2O/CuO heterostructures can enhance their (photo)catalytic performance for the selective reduction of nitro groups.
Tailoring the coordination environment of double-atom catalysts to boost electrocatalytic nitrogen reduction: a first-principles study
Authors: Wu Jiarui , Wu Donghai , Li Haobo , Song Yanhao , Lv Wenjing , Yu Xiaohu , Ma Dongwei
Published: September 2023

Tailoring the coordination environment of M2N6/G DACs could efficiently modulate the electronic structure of the TM dimer active center, thereby leading to enhanced activity and selectivity for NRR.
Persulfate promoted carbamoylation of N-arylacrylamides and N-arylcinnamamides with 4-carbamoyl-Hantzsch esters
Authors: Jing Qi , Qiao Fu-Ci , Sun Jing , Wang Jing-Yun , Zhou Ming-Dong
Published: September 2023

Various 3,3-disubstituted oxindoles and 3,4-disubstituted dihydroquinolin-2(1H)-ones were synthesized via persulfate promoted intermolecular radical addition/cyclization of 4-carbamoyl-Hantzsch esters with N-arylacrylamides and N-arylcinnamamides.
Anomalous photochromism and mechanochromism of a linear naphthopyran enabled by a polarizing dialkylamine substituent
Authors: Sun Yan , McFadden Molly E. , Osler Skylar K. , Barber Ross W. , Robb Maxwell J.
Published: September 2023

In contrast to common angular naphthopyrans that exhibit photochromism and mechanochromism, isomeric linear naphthopyrans are typically not photochromic. A polarizing dialkylamine substituent enables photochromic and mechanochromic behavior in polymers containing a novel linear naphthopyran motif.
Sequential extraction of high-value added molecules from grape pomaces using supercritical fluids with water as a co-solvent
Authors: Hayrapetyan Gayane , Trchounian Karen , Buon Laurine , Noret Laurence , Pinel Benoît , Lagrue Jeremy , Assifaoui Ali
Published: September 2023

Inspired by the concept of organic waste valorisation and heading towards a sustainable economy, a green chemistry extraction technique involving supercritical CO2 along with water as a co-solvent was employed for the main winery by-product.
Improving IEC thermal model for oil natural air natural transformers using optimised parameters based on dynamic simulation
Authors: Zhang Lijing , Luo Yingting , Sheng Gehao , Ni Zizhan , Jiang Xiuchen
Published: September 2023

Accurate assessment of hot‐spot temperature is essential for the safe operation of power transformers. Existing dynamic thermal models cannot estimate hot‐spot temperature accurately since some input parameters are roughly determined by transformer capacity and cooling mode while ignoring the effect of winding structure, tank dimensions, and material physical properties. To improve the accuracy of temperature assessment, empirical parameters of the IEC thermal model including thermal constants, winding and oil exponents are optimised with the help of numerical simulation in this article. Based on energy conservation and heat transfer theory, a computational fluid dynamic (CFD) model of a transformer in oil natural air natural (ONAN) cooling mode is established. This CFD model simulates the entity's structure, sizes, and multi‐stage heat dissipation processes realistically, so it can more precisely calculate the dynamic hot‐spot temperature. According to the simulated temperature curves at different operating conditions, the thermal constants and oil exponent are estimated using non‐linear regression, and the winding exponent is optimised using linear regression. A case study is conducted on an ONAN transformer. It shows the improved IEC model with optimised parameters can more accurately evaluate hot‐spot temperature, and the absolute error is decreased by 2.4 K (38.7%) compared with traditional thermal models.
Significance of the family Braconidae in regulating moth population in agrobiocenosis
Authors: Kholmurodov Erkin , Tojieva Muyassar
Published: September 2023

This article discusses the importance of representatives of the Braconidae family in regulating the number of harmful moths in various agrobiocenoses. In order to determine the species composition and biological features of the development of the entomophage in the Tashkent region, samples of eggs, larvae and butterflies occurring moth. Along with this, moth larvae affected by entomophages were collected and determined by which entomophage they were affected. As a result, in 2015-2016, 527 infected moth larvae were detected, of which 381 larvae were affected by species of the family Braconidae, the rest 146 by other entomophages. Of the braconids, 17 species were noted. The identified species include Apanteles pallipes Reinh, Apanteles ruficrus Hal., Apanteles telengai Tobias., Apanteles kazak Tel., Apanteles vanessae Reinh, Meteorus rubens Nees., Microgaster mediator Hal., Microgaster sordipes Nees, Microgaster vidua Ruthe., Macrocentrus collaris Spin., Bracon hebetor Say, Bracon radialis Tel., Bracon telengai Mul., Rogas dimidiatus Spin., Rogas pallidator Thunb., Chelonus oculator Panz., Chelonus luzhetzkii.
Xylophagous coin-winged pests of fruit trees and their control
Authors: Yusupov Abdusalim , Namozov Normamat , Elboboyev Abdugani
Published: September 2023

This article examines the biology, ecology, phenology, lifestyle of the main pests that directly affect the growth and development of existing seed and legume orchards in Uzbekistan, according to studies conducted in different regions of the country in 2014-2019, dividing plant pests into three types. These xylophages damage the roots, trunks and branches of trees; phyllophages - infect leaves; as well as carpophagous - scientifically based damage to plant fruits. This article focuses on xylophage pests, the degree of damage caused by root pests of trees mainly in horticulture, Agrotis segetum Schiff, Agrotis exclamationis and the main pests of trunks, branches and twigs, apple tree and fragrant wood carving worms (Cossus cossus L) worms (Cossus cossus L) damage the conductive tissues of the plant body by forming paths under the foamy top layer of bark and The results of experiments conducted in different regions of the country on measures to combat their economic damage.
Influence of seed plant systems and irrigation regulations on soil agrophysical properties of Uzbekistan
Authors: Namozov Fazliddin , Makhsadov Khursanboy , Karaev Gulom , Rakhimova Dilobar
Published: September 2023

The world’s economic situation, the growing population, the lack of food reserves, the long-running drought in Australia, which supplies the majority of the world’s population with products from leguminous crops, and the rising demand for food products in nations like China and India all coexist at the same time. It will soon be necessary to cultivate grain crops in additional places. Based on this, increasing the area under food crops is necessary to ensure Uzbekistan’s food security and sustainable growth. In recent years, particular focus has been placed on tasks like developing new rice varieties in Uzbekistan in accordance with various soil and climate conditions, adapting the existing ones, determining the demand for soil moisture and nutrients, and creating agro-cultivation strategies. Numerous scientific studies have been done in this area, and pertinent findings have been made. This article presents the results of studies of the influence of soybean varieties grown on the agrophysical properties of the soil in the conditions of meadow-serozem soils of the Jizzakh region in Uzbekistan.
Theoretical analysis of agricultural clusters in innovative economy
Authors: Saidov Mukhammadali , Ochilov Ilhom
Published: September 2023

This article analyzes the theoretical aspects of clusters in the innovative economy and their management, including the increase in economic efficiency of agro-clusters as a result of the organization of the agricultural sector on the basis of “production - service - production - storage - supply - processing - sales” development of cluster services, increase in production and diversification of exported finished products as a result of improvements, the authors have developed a unique, new definition of the term “cluster”. From a methodological point of view, the “face” of a cluster, its specialization and name are formed by the cluster core companies, and this is of fundamental importance. Companies that belong to one cluster core cannot access the core of another cluster, but can participate in another cluster at the second or third level of the cluster structure. As the companies in the cluster core produce the same type of products, competition between them will continue. A key feature of the cluster core is the competition between the companies that make it up, i.e. there is both competition and collaboration in the cluster core. As a result authors, proposals were made to improve the efficiency of clusters in Uzbekistan.
Evaluation of the complex treatment effectiveness of malignant non-organ retroperitoneal tumorson a relapse-free period
Authors: Ulmasov Firdavs , Juraev Mirzhalol , Suyarova Aziza , Esankulova Bustonoy
Published: September 2023

The article delineates the immediate and long-term results of 54 patients with non-organ tumors of the retroperitoneal space who witnesseda number of complex treatments. Tumors of a malignant nature were histologically verified by trepan biopsy in all patients (100%). In the group,liposarcoma was verified in 16 (29.6%) patients, leiomyosarcoma in 17 (31.5%), fibrosarcoma in 9 (16.7%), pleomorphic sarcoma in 8 (14.8%), angiosarcoma in 4 (7 , 4%) patients. Depending on treatment method, patients were stratified into 2 groups - main n = 26 and n = 28. All patients underwent radical surgery after 3 courses of PCT after which they received a course of radiation therapy (ROD-1.8-2Gy). Preoperative chemotherapy before the operation had led to partial tumor regression in 10 (38.5%) patients. 6 (23.0%) patients registered stabilization and progression of the process was observed in 3 (11.5%) patients. The relapse-free period in the main group was set to become 10.2 + 0.4 months while the metastatic-free period was 11.4 + 0.5 months. An integrated approach to the treatment of non-organ retroperitoneal tumors proliferates the average life expectancy of patients as well as the duration of the disease-free and metastatic period.
The effect of "Rheoambrasol" on morphological changes in the liver and kidneys in nitrite methemoglobinemia
Authors: Ibragimov M. N. , Khaidarov A. K. , Shevchenko L. I. , Khakimova D. Z. , Khuzakhmedov J. D. , Alimov T. R.
Published: September 2023

We propose a new drug - "Rheoambrasol" which includes a substance of plant origin (complex compounds of polysaccharide and natural metabolite) non-toxic, environmentally friendly and has wide functional capabilities as a means capable of correcting the consequences of methemoglobinemia, restoring structural and functional properties of cells and preserving their viability. The aim of the work is to study the effect of the new blood substitute "Rheoambrasol" on morphological changes in the liver and kidneys in nitrite methemoglobinemia. The treatment of nitrite methemoglobinemia with rheoambrosol shows complete disappearance of general pathological phenomena both in the liver and kidney tissue. The drug Rheoambrasol containing a natural metabolite of the Krebs cycle in combination with polysaccharides increases the activity of the liver metabolizing function in toxic liver damage. These positive histostructural changes in the liver tissue and in the kidney tissue indicate an increase in the activity of metabolic function of the liver parenchyma and a significant decrease in the toxemia index.
Hyperuricemia as a risk factor for arterial hypertension among the population of the Fergana region of the Republic of Uzbekistan
Authors: Sadikov U. T. , Bobojonov S. S. , Yusupova M. M. , Boltabaev A. M. , Nizomova K. A.
Published: September 2023

Today, a lot of data has been accumulated on the role of purine metabolism disorders in the development of a number of diseases, including cardiovascular diseases. However, the results of a large number of epidemiological and clinical studies aimed at detecting the pathogenetic relationship between hyperuricemia (HU) and arterial hypertension (AH) are contradictory. According to the purpose of the study - to study the epidemiological conditions in relation to hypertension in connection with HU and other risk factors in order to be ¬able to plan multifactorial prevention on this basis, we carried out epidemiological study ¬of hypertension due to a combination of risk factors such as HU, impaired carbohydrate tolerance (IHT), pesticideemia, dyslipoproteinemia (DLP), overweight and smoking among rural men ¬and women of working age. We chose a continuous method of epidemiological examination with the measurement of blood pressure, ECG, anthropometric and biochemical studies. To determine the groups for primary, secondary and tertiary prevention, we have established the level of individual risk of developing hypertension. On this basis, a percentile distribution was built and the entire population of men and women was divided into 3 groups: 1-group of moderate risk (84.6%); 2-high-risk group (10.3%) and 3-group of patients (5.1%).
Efficiency of comprehensive rehabilitation of chronic fatigue syndrome due to coronavirus infections COVID-19
Authors: Adambaev Z.I. , Kilichev I.A. , Nurzhonov A.B. , Khudoyberganov N.Yu. , Niyazmetov M.R.
Published: September 2023

The aim of the study was to study the effectiveness of complex rehabilitation in patients with chronic fatigue syndrome caused by coronovirus infections. In 120 patients with a confirmed diagnosis of SARS-CoV-2 (COVID-19) aged 20-58 years, post-COVID syndrome or chronic fatigue syndrome was detected, 52 men and 68 women. Patients had asthenic, cognitive, vegetative manifestations, sleep disorders, smell and taste disorders, anxiety and depression. Patients received drug therapy: succinic acid preparations, brain metabolic drugs, stimulating antidepressants, sleeping pills - melatonin and B vitamins, among other things, received micropolarization of the head and translingualneurostimulation. The results of treatment confirmed the effectiveness of the proposed conservative therapy. The neurological symptoms of post-COVID syndrome - chronic fatigue syndrome (CFS) were studied in 120 patients with a confirmed diagnosis of SARS-CoV-2 (COVID-19), aged 20-58 years. Patients were examined according to the “Questionnaire for the detection of asthenia”, “Mini Mental State Assessment (MMSE)”, et.al. Sleep disorders were studied using the Epworth Sleepiness Scale, anxiety and depression were studied using the “Questionnaire for Determining Anxiety and Depression”. The patients were divided into 2 groups: the main group (MG) - 69 patients and the control group (CG) - 51 patients. Patients with MG and CG received drug therapy: succinic acid preparations, brain metabolic drugs, stimulating antidepressants, sleeping pills - melatonin and B vitamins. And patients with MG, among other things, received micropolarization of the head and translingualneurostimulation.
The Role of curcumin extract in Ameliorating Cyclophosphamide-Induced Cardiotoxicity
Authors: Thanoon Al-Bayati Hala Baqer , Jaffat Haider Salih
Published: September 2023

Cyclophosphamide, a chemotherapeutic and immunosuppressive drug, has been linked to problems after bone marrow transplantation in the past. More recently, it has been demonstrated that cardiotoxicity limits the dose of cyclophosphamide, and cardiology is receiving more attention. Though the exact mechanism of cyclophosphamide-induced cardiotoxicity is unknown, oxidative and nitrative stress are suspected to play a role. As a result, the focus of this review is on antioxidants and how they can reduce or prevent cyclophosphamide-induced cardiotoxicity. It will place a special emphasis on the cardioprotective properties of naturally occurring, plant-derived antioxidants such as curcumin extract, which have recently attracted a lot of interest.
The condition of the vegetative nervous system and methods of correction of its changes in patients with seasonal allergic rhinitis
Authors: Arifov S.S. , Nazarov J.I. , Axmadxojayev D.I.
Published: September 2023

Allergic diseases represent a major public health problem worldwide. The frequency of allergic rhinitis in the general population is 10-20%, 68% of which is seasonal allergic rhinitis. In 57.14% of patients with seasonal allergic rhinitis, initial vagotonia combined with predominantly over-provisioning activity of the hyperdiastolic type was found. According to the severity of the course of exacerbation of seasonal allergic rhinitis 18,25% had mild course, 57,94% - medium severity of course and 23,81% - severe course of the disease. Application of corrective vegetotropic therapy allows to increase the effectiveness of treatment of seasonal allergic rhinitis exacerbation in vagotonics (57,14% ) in 1,21 times in terms of total clinical effectiveness and in 1,64 times in terms of clinical recovery of patients with seasonal allergic rhinitis. The average increase in the effectiveness of complex treatment of seasonal allergic rhinitis including vagotonia correction is 1.42 times.
The role of some of the level Antioxidant enzymes and Obesity in development infertility women’s infertility in Najaf Province Patients, IRAQ
Authors: Al-hadrawi Kais Khudhair , ALGarawy Raid Talib
Published: September 2023

In case-control research, the impact of Obesity and oxidative stress on the emergence of infertility in women was examined. From October to February 2022, I examined 150 clinical samples of women, all female and aged (at childbearing age). Two groups of patients were formed: the first group contained 60 patients with obesity-related infertility in women and 60 patients with non-obesity-related infertility in women. In contrast, the second group contained 30 control subjects who were fertile. Saline blood From each patient, samples were taken. This study adhered to the same ethical standards as the accepted patients who visited the Infertility Center at AL-Sader Medical City in the province of AL-Najaf. Using a gel tube, 3 ml of venous blood was placed to separate the serum and calculate the catalase (CAT), Level of the enzyme Superoxide Dismutase (SOD), and Glutathione peroxidase (GPx) Infertility in Women patients’ serum concentrations of Catalase (CAT), SOD and GPx was found to be significantly lower (P ≤ 0.05) than those of control women. The findings showed a positive correlation with significant differences between catalase andSOD AND GPX, sex hormone, luteinizing hormone (LH), follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH), prolactin ana Teststerone respectively.
Leveraging Lightweight Pretrained Model for Brain Tumour Detection
Authors: Jain Mriga , Singh Brajesh Kumar
Published: September 2023

This study presents an analysis of two deep learning models deployed for brain tumour detection: the lightweight pretrained MobileNetV2 and a novel hybrid model by combining light-weight MobileNetV2 with VGG16. The aim is to investigate the performance and efficiency of these models in terms of accuracy and training time. The new hybrid model integrates the strengths of both architectures, leveraging the depth-wise separable convolutions of MobileNetV2 and the deeper feature extraction capabilities of VGG16. Through experimentation and evaluation using a publicly available benchmark brain tumour dataset, the results demonstrate that the hybrid model achieves superior accuracy of training and testing accuracy of 99% and 98%, respectively compared to the standalone MobileNetV2 model, even at lower epochs. This novel fusion model presents a promising approach for enhancing brain tumour detection systems, offering improved accuracy with reduced training time and computational resources.
Clinical and anamnestic features of the dynamics and transformation of iron-deficiency anemia in adolescent girls
Authors: Arzikulov A. Sh.
Published: September 2023

According to the World Health Organization, in any population, for every person suffering from IDA, there are three with iron deficiency (ID). The risk group for the anemia development includes children, women of reproductive age and the elderly. A special group among them are girls of pubertal age, who have a high potential for the formation of various organ dysfunctions. The purpose of this work was to study the clinical and anamnestic features of the dynamics and transformation of iron deficiency anemia in adolescent girls. Object and methods of the study: adolescent girls aged 12-14 years (n=177) of the Uzbek population, respectively, with LID (45), mild IDA (56) and moderate IDA (25), and the control group (51). For the study, whole blood and serum of adolescent girls with IDA were used. General clinical, instrumental, biochemical and statistical methods were used. From the data of our material, it follows that the clinical picture of IDA in schoolgirls was somewhat transformed and among them the syndrome of decreased immunological resistance of the body and gastrointestinal syndrome began to prevail, their frequency increased by more than 2-5 times compared to the above authors. The clinical picture of iron deficiency anemia in adolescent girls is characterized by polymorphism of symptoms and syndromes, which indicates the involvement of many organs and systems in the pathological process. We’ve concluded that it is necessary to update data on the ID clinical symptoms in adolescent girls, depending on age, gender and regions of residence.
Chitosan/Hydroxyapatite coating of AZ91 Magnesium Alloy by using Electrophoretic Deposition
Authors: Hassan Muhanad Hamid , Khulief Zuheir Talib
Published: September 2023

Due to their good properties, including biodegradability and similar characteristics to natural bone, magnesium alloys have potential applications in implant manufacturing for biomedicine and orthopedics.In this study, chitosan or/and hydroxyapatite layers were performed on the surface of AZ91 magnesium alloy using electrophoretic deposition process. The surface microstructure of coating, mechanical properties, hydrogen evolution, pH and wettability were characterized with different techniques including scanning electron microscopy, vickers microhardness, immersion test and contact angle test. The results showed that, the coating layers were obtained can improve the corrosion resistance, mechanical properties, wettability making AZ91 a promising material to be used as a biodegradable alloy for biomedical applications.