bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Productivity Measurement: A Study of Selected Pharmaceutical Companies in India
Authors: Dadhaniya Abhisha
Published: October 2021

Purpose: This study aims to measure, analyze, and compare the productivity performance of selected pharmaceutical companies in India.
Approach/Methodology/Design: This study is based on secondary data. In this study, seven pharmaceutical companies are selected as a sample based on paid-up capital of the year 2019-20. The seven companies are selected for their higher paid-up capital, and the study period is seven years from 2013-14 to 2019-20. In this study ratio analysis is used as an accounting tool in which four productivity ratios are employed. The one-way ANOVA technique of parametric test is used as a statistical tool to identify the difference among sample means.
Findings: The major findings of the study indicate that in all the selected companies the performance of material productivity, labor productivity and overhead productivity show fluctuating trend. The overall productivity performance of all the companies is very close to each other during the study period of seven years. The result of the statistical tests revealed that in all productivity ratios drawn null hypotheses are not accepted. This means there is a significant difference in different productivity ratios among selected pharmaceutical companies during the study period.
Practical Implications: In this study, productivity analysis is carried out which is helpful to measure the productivity performance. The results would help investors to make the right choice of investment in selected pharmaceutical companies. Given the present situation of COVID-19, productivity analysis will be helpful to identify the existing production capacity in concern with pharmaceutical products and services.
Originality/value: The significant contribution of this study is to measure the various productivity performances of pharmaceutical companies. Further, the average productivity performance is compared among the seven selected pharmaceutical companies, which shows that average productivity performance is different among the selected companies.
El humor gráfico y su valor e importancia histórico-política
Authors: Iregui Acosta Pablo
Published: October 2021

No es ampliamente conocido el valor y propósito real de la caricatura. La ignorancia al respecto implica que el humor gráfico provoque reacciones diversas que pueden resultar en vulneraciones de las libertades civiles. La presente investigación se desarrolló por medio de técnicas de investigación cualitativa, permitiendo encontrar que a lo largo de la historia la caricatura ha sido utilizada de manera extensiva para representar realidades que por su propia naturaleza prefieren ser obviadas, pero que a la postre son testimonio de lo más bajo y perverso de la naturaleza humana.  Se concluyó que, si bien el ejercicio artístico del caricaturista requiere regulación, es imprescindible e imperioso proteger su práctica en tanto ha demostrado su valor y utilidad al denunciar de forma cruda y directa esas realidades incomodas o dolorosas.
Programa lúdico-práctico de inteligencia emocional en preadolescentes del Centro Educativo Rural Bábega, del municipio de Silos: una estrategia de construcción de paz
Authors: Sánchez Flórez Doris Liliana
Published: October 2021

El presente artículo parte de un paradigma analítico y un enfoque metodológico mixto con el fin de diseñar un programa lúdico-práctico de inteligencia emocional para preadolescentes del C.E.R Centro Educativo Rural Bábega, del municipio de Santo domingo de Silos, Norte de Santander, como estrategia de construcción de paz. Para ello se buscó determinar el nivel de percepción, facilitación, comprensión y regulación emocional, a partir de tareas de ejecución a través de la aplicación del Test de Habilidad de Inteligencia Emocional en la Escuela (THInEmE) de Isabel María Merchán Romero, Universidad de Extremadura España, 2017. Seguidamente, se propone un programa de inteligencia emocional en preadolescentes del Centro Educativo Rural Bábega como estrategia de Construcción de Paz y, finalmente, se buscó reconocer la construcción de la Paz en el escenario educativo desde la Inteligencia Emocional. Los resultados de la investigación dan cuenta que aunque los estudiantes se esfuerzan por mantener una actitud reconocedora de sus propias emociones y de las de sus pares externos, aún existen claras debilidades en la forma como perciben, facilitan y regulan dichas emociones para una efectiva toma de decisiones o para el fortalecimiento del autoestima personal, por lo que se hace necesaria la intervención psico-pedagógica a partir de estrategias que no sólo incidan en su aprendizaje emocional, sino en las formas como se construyen escenarios de paz desde las aulas.
Long-legged flies (Diptera: Empidoidea: Dolichopodidae) from the Balkan Mountains, Bulgaria, with first records for the Balkan Peninsula
Authors: Kechev Mihail , Koychev Blagoy
Published: October 2021

The paper presents information about 35 dolichopodid flies collected from 12 localities in the Balkan Mountains at the territory of Bulgaria. Two species, Campsicnemus pusillus and Sciapus maritimus, are recorded for the first time in Bulgaria and on the Balkan Peninsula. Another nine ones are listed for the first time to the Balkan Mountains range.
Páginas Iniciais e Sumário
Authors: De Souza Lima Romilda
Published: October 2021

Páginas iniciais e sumário.
A CONTRIBUIÇÃO DA INTERSETORIALIDADE NA PROMOÇÃO DA SEGURANÇA ALIMENTAR E NUTRICIONAL E NO FOMENTO À AGROINDÚSTRIA FAMILIAR NO NORTE DE MINAS GERAIS
Authors: Lima Leandro Patrício Pereira , Tabai Katia Cilene
Published: October 2021

O presente artigo tem como objetivo traçar uma análise da percepção de atores sociais chave na execução e envolvimento com políticas públicas de segurança alimentar e nutricional e no fomento a agroindústria familiar, apresentando a intersetorialidade como processo de efetivação das ações. Na oportunidade foi analisado com os atores chave a efetivação destas políticas no ambiente da agroindústria no município de Bonito de Minas-MG. Buscou-se verificar o entendimento dos atores sociais das políticas públicas onde os programas e ações que tratam da Agricultura Familiar e Agroindústria atenderam, de forma direta ou indireta, a agroindústria de Água Doce. Na pesquisa foram revelados fatores que caracterizam as fragilidades do Estado em trabalhar as questões de intersetorialidade na temática, mas para o desenvolvimento da agroindústria oportunizou maior amadurecimento na gestão da produção e envolvimento organizacional em rede de cooperação e produção de frutos do cerrado na região norte do Estado.
La huella de la experiencia militar sobre el cuerpo uniformado. A propósito de la serie "Camuflajes"(2003) del artista visual cubano Adonis Flores
Authors: Crespo Zaporta Dayma
Published: October 2021

Este artículo caracteriza y analiza la serie fotográfica Camuflajes (2003), del artista visual cubano Adonis Flores, para comprender cómo esta devela su historia de vida. La experiencia como soldado en la guerra de Angola (con apenas 18 años de edad) funciona como detonante para la elaboración de una poética sobre los imaginarios sociales en el interior del universo militar, siendo “la homosexualidad como algo contagioso” uno de los más recurrentes. Es así que el cuerpo funge como un vehículo para la deconstrucción de dichos imaginarios y la sátira del discurso oficial. Para ello, el fotógrafo se vale de determinadas estrategias estéticas y conceptuales que le permiten abrir un espacio de posibilidad a ciertas zonas de ocultamiento.
Polvo de estrellas o nubes de polvo. El error fotográfico en la Carta del Cielo de Tacubaya
Authors: Rubio de los Santos Mariana
Published: October 2021

El Observatorio Astronómico Nacional de Tacubaya participó en el proyecto internacional La Carte du Ciel con el objetivo de fotografiar y cartografiar las posiciones de las estrellas hasta de la onceava magnitud; es decir, un brillo que no se alcanza a distinguir a simple vista. La producción visual, discursiva y textual de los astrónomos del observatorio permite poner en cuestión la práctica fotográfica mexicana de finales del siglo xix y principios del xx y analizar cómo la visualidad se construyó desde los límites de lo visible a partir de un proceso complejo con protocolos de observación, de pruebas fotográficas, mediciones micrométricas, cálculos trigonométricos y ampliaciones impresas. Las imágenes que se obtienen son codificaciones científicas y formas de visualización experimental producto de la prueba y el error. Este artículo analiza las reflexiones en torno al error visual, donde se construye conocimiento mediante la interpretación de la visualidad de aquello visible e invisible a los ojos.
Las neozapatistas. Miradas desde el fotoperiodismo mexicano, 1994-1996
Authors: Zaragoza Luna Samanta Norma
Published: October 2021

La aparición pública del Ejército Zapatista de Liberación Nacional (EZLN) en el estado de Chiapas, México, el primero de enero de 1994, permitió al mundo aproximarse a un nuevo sujeto social: las neozapatistas. Nuevo no por su reciente participación en la historia, sino por las características que adquirió al ser representado. 

El fotoperiodismo fue testigo y relator de hechos que daban cuenta de un movimiento armado con características únicas. Nos permitió acercarnos, de manera progresiva a las mujeres neozapatistas. Pero qué realidades nos permitió conocer durante los dos primeros años de iniciado el conflicto armado, qué códigos, símbolos, significados y jerarquías prevalecieron en esas representaciones (escritas y visuales) al pensar al fotoperiodismo como tecnología de género. Éstas son las preguntas que guiarán el presente artículo.
Arte y cultura bajo la lupa de la corrección política. Un problema de hermenéutica histórica
Authors: Baz Sánchez Sara Gabriela
Published: October 2021

El artículo reflexiona en torno al tópico de la corrección política frente al problema de la destrucción, alteración, censura o vulneración de las obras de arte, pero se abordan también otros casos de modificación de imágenes no artísticas a efecto de brindar elementos que permitan enriquecer la reflexión en torno a cómo nos posicionamos en el presente para asumir las cargas simbólicas de nuestro pasado.
Sobre: Mathias Goeritz. Modernist Art and Architecture in Cold War Mexico, de Jennifer Josten
Authors: Tovar Cabrera Alejandro
Published: October 2021

Un libro publicado por la Universidad de Yale, que concentra un compendio biográfico de Mathias Goeritz durante sus primeros años en México.
Como livros didáticos de matemática dos anos iniciais estão abordando a educação financeira após a inclusão desta temática na BNCC?
Authors: Livramento Beatriz Oliveira do , Pessoa Cristiane Azevêdo dos Santos , Santos Laís Thalita Bezerra dos
Published: October 2021

Este artigo tem como propósito relatar e discutir os resultados de uma pesquisa que teve como objetivo geral analisar o trabalho com a Educação Financeira (EF) em uma coleção de livros didáticos de Matemática dos anos iniciais do Ensino Fundamental, após a obrigatoriedade de discussão desta temática em documentos oficiais. Com o consumo desenfreado e grande influência midiática, a EF propõe contribuir para o desenvolvimento social e financeiro da sociedade, estimulando um olhar crítico e reflexivo para essas questões. A pesquisa pautou-se na abordagem qualitativa e no método de análise documental. Neste caso, foram analisados livros didáticos de Matemática aprovados pelo PNLD (2019), fazendo-se a análise das atividades presentes nos já mencionados livros didáticos.com base na análise de conteúdo. Os resultados mostram que, comparado ao estudo de Santos (2017) que também analisou a EF em livros didáticos de Matemática dos anos iniciais do Ensino Fundamental, entretanto, antes de sua obrigatoriedade, a quantidade de atividades encontradas foi maior, indicando que o espaço de discussão avançou. Todavia, defendemos que a EF ainda não é tratada com o devido cuidado pelos livros didáticos, visto a pouca variedade de temáticas, a necessidade de consultar o manual do professor para que as reflexões possam ocorrer e a pontual orientação de trabalho com a EF.
Sequências Numéricas: um levantamento de pesquisas desenvolvidas de 2010 a 2020
Authors: Schlickmann Jessica Rohden , Moretti Méricles Thadeu
Published: October 2021

Este artigo tem como objetivo de fazer o levantamento de teses e dissertações brasileiras produzidas entre 2010 e 2020 que dialoguem a respeito das Sequências Numéricas, Progressões Aritmética ou Progressões Geométricas e que, preferencialmente, tenham utilizado a Teoria dos Registros de Representação Semiótica. Neste trabalho, apresenta-se um mapeamento de 20 dissertações brasileiras encontradas na Biblioteca Digital Brasileira de Teses e Dissertações ou ainda no Banco de Dissertações e teses da CAPES que foram apresentadas e defendidas no período de 2010 a 2020. Destes 20 trabalhos desenvolvidos, 12 são trabalhos de conclusão do curso de Mestrado Profissional em Matemática e apresentam uma revisão da teoria da Sequência Numérica, além de criarem produtos educacionais ou Sequências Didáticas que possam ser aplicadas no Ensino Básico. Encontra-se neste trabalho também, um breve referencial teórico a respeito da Teoria de Registros e Representação Semiótica, no qual se articula as Sequências Numéricas com esta teoria apontada. Dos 20 trabalhos encontrados, apenas 7 utilizam a Teoria dos Registros de Representação Semiótica, e, destes 7, apenas 1 compõe a banca de dissertações do PROFMAT.
Desafios à tributação indireta na era da Internet das Coisas: o exemplo da geladeira inteligente
Authors: Almeida Carlos Otávio Ferreira de , Mariottini Isabella Rossi Pinheiro
Published: October 2021

O presente artigo objetiva apresentar os desafios à tributação indireta de correntes da revolução tecnológica causada pela Internet das Coisas e avaliar se a modificação do sistema vigente pela introdução de um IVA - Imposto sobre Valor Adicionado- satisfaz a moldagem de princípios constitucionais em nosso (pretendido) Estado Democrático de Direito.
Utiliza-se, como base de análise, o exemplo da geladeira inteligente, que disponibiliza, a seus usuários, funcionalidades tão diversas e inovadoras, capazes de desafiar o próprio conceito tradicional de geladeira, suscitando potenciais conflitos na tributação do consumo entre estados e municípios, ensejadores de ineficiência e insegurança no sistema.
AVALIAÇÃO DA IMPLEMENTAÇÃO DE COMISSÃO MULTIDISCIPLINAR PARA O CUIDADO DE IDOSOS COM FRATURA DE FÊMUR PROXIMAL
Authors: Patissi Giacomelli Leal Amanda , Okamoto Cristina Terumi , Bornancin Costa Gabrielle , Chaves Hanne Lise , Esposito José Mauro Regula , Macedo Bonatto Maria Júlia , Schmitz Mateus José
Published: October 2021

Introdução: A fratura de fêmur proximal é um dos traumas mais frequentes em idosos e está relacionada a fatores como osteoporose, sarcopenia e fragilidade senil. Suas consequências podem ser desastrosas, acarretando declínio da capacidade funcional, perda de autonomia e redução da expectativa de vida desses pacientes. Objetivo: comparar o tempo de internamento, tempo até o tratamento da fratura e mortalidade em idosos com fratura de fêmur proximal antes e após a implantação de uma comissão multidisciplinar. Material e Métodos: tratase de um estudo transversal com coleta de dados retrospectivos através da análise de prontuários de pacientes internados em um hospital de trauma em Curitiba/PR, no período de outubro de 2015 a fevereiro de 2016 e de abril a agosto de 2016. Foram incluídos pacientes com idade igual ou superior a 60 anos, internados no hospital com diagnóstico de fratura de fêmur proximal, através dos códigos do CID10 S72.0, S72.1 e S72.2. Resultados: o tempo de internamento e o tempo entre o diagnóstico da fratura e seu tratamento foram significativamente menores após a implantação da comissão multidisciplinar (p=0,002 e redução mediana de 3 dias; p<0,001 e redução mediana de 2,5 dias, respectivamente); houve uma tendência estatística à redução da taxa de óbitos após a criação da comissão (15,9% vs. 7%; p=0,065). Conclusão: observouse que idosos com fratura de fêmur proximal se beneficiam de um atendimento multidisciplinar devido à redução do tempo de internamento e menor espera até o tratamento definitivo, com tendência à redução da taxa de mortalidade intrahospitalar.
Infraleichtbeton.
Authors: Lösch Claudia , Rieseberg Philip
Published: October 2021

Infraleichtbeton ist ein sehr leichter Beton, der sowohl die tragende als auch die wärmedämmende Funktion der Gebäudehülle in einem monolithischen Material vereint und damit eine gestalterisch anspruchsvolle und nachhaltige Bauweise ermöglicht.

Die Erkenntnisse aus langjähriger Forschung zum Einsatz von Infraleichtbeton im Geschosswohnungsbau sind in diesen Leitfaden eingeflossen. Die Autoren stellen Ansätze für den materialgerechten Entwurf, die konstruktive Durchbildung und die Bemessung vor. Sie bieten darüber hinaus einen Überblick über bauphysikalische Eigenschaften des Materials sowie Hinweise zur Bauausführung.

Mit diesem Handbuch steht erstmals eine Planungshilfe für Planer, Bauherren und Baufirmen, die mit diesem neuartigen Hochleistungsleichtbeton arbeiten möchten, zur Verfügung.
La autonomía en el proceso de enseñanza-aprendizaje no presencial de lenguas extranjeras en la universidad de Matanzas
Authors: Pérez Suárez Alexander , Rodríguez Medina Leipzig , Linares Dávalos Sandra
Published: October 2021

El artículo aborda el análisis de la autonomía en el proceso de enseñanza-aprendizaje de lenguas extranjeras en el contexto del distanciamiento social que ha impuesto la pandemia de la Covid-19. Esta realidad condujo a la universidad cubana a adoptar cambios emergentes en su sistema, que asumió rasgos de la educación a distancia, concretados en una modalidad no presencial. Tal fue el caso de la Facultad de Idiomas de la Universidad de Matanzas, con un colectivo pedagógico que se implicó en la búsqueda de las vías y formas de favorecer la autonomía de sus estudiantes desde una perspectiva desarrolladora. Mientras tanto, la tecnología con sus entornos virtuales alcanzó niveles inéditos de preponderancia. Los resultados de la actividad docente-metodológica, el intercambio con los estudiantes y el seguimiento al diagnóstico en general permitieron identificar las posiciones teóricas que se reflejan en este trabajo, así como las mejores prácticas en favor de la asunción de estrategias, la cooperación y el ofrecimiento de niveles de ayudas. Como resultado, se comparten criterios sobre la codirección del proceso, así como las mejores prácticas, en función de un estudiante que se muestre cada vez más autónomo y comprometido con el encargo social de su futura profesión.
Issues of Artificial Intelligence Application to the Domestic High-Tech Industries (Critical Components of the Russian Society)
Authors: Бетелин В. Б. , Галкин В. А. , Гавриленко Т. В. , Дибижев А. К. , Коваленко О. В. , Никитин Н. Ф. , Соловьев В. П.
Published: October 2021

В статье авторами обсуждаются вопросы, связанные с масштабным внедрением технологий искусственного интеллекта в высокотехнологичные отрасли отечественной промышленности. Представлено современное состояние нормативно- правовой базыи направления интенсивного внедрения систем искусственного интеллекта. Показаны ограничения современных технологий искусственного интеллекта и отсутствие теоретического обоснования и обязательной верифицируемости не только искусственный нейронных сетей, но и других видов технологий искусственного интеллекта. Описаны проблемы создания цифрового двойника человека-пилота и фундаментальные различия между естественным и искусственным интеллектами в решении некорректных задач в авиации. Одним из ключевых выводов является заключение о необходимостиразработки, принятия научно-идеологической, политической платформы развития, внедрения технологий искусственного интеллекта в жизненно важные сферы государства (образование, наукоемкие отрасли промышленности, транспорт) путем проведения общественных слушаний, заседаний под патронажем РАН, Госдумы с дальнейшим обсуждением в ФОИВ, Правительстве РФ.
Ключевые слова: искусственный интеллект, высокотехнологичные отрасли промышленности, цифровая модель человека, человек-пилот, некорректные задачи в авиации.

The authors discuss the issues of a large-scale AI adoption in the domestic high-tech industries. The paper presents the current legal framework and key AI implementation areas. It is shown that the capability of AI technologies available today is limited. There is no theoretical basis or required verification of artificial neural networks or other AI technologies. The paper also covers the issues with developing a digital twin of a human pilot, and the drastic differences between human and artificial intelligence applied to solve incorrect problems in aviation. One of the major conclusions is that a scientific, ideological, and political platform for the AI development and implementation in the mission-critical areas (education, high-tech industry, transportation) shall be prepared and adopted through public hearings and discussions hosted by the RAS, State Duma, with a subsequent review by the Russian Government.
Microphysical processes producing high ice water contents (HIWCs) in tropical convective clouds during the HAIC-HIWC field campaign: dominant role of secondary ice production
Authors: Huang Yongjie , Wu Wei , McFarquhar Greg M. , Xue Ming , Morrison Hugh , Milbrandt Jason , Korolev Alexei V. , Hu Yachao , Qu Zhipeng , Wolde Mengistu , Nguyen Cuong , Schwarzenboeck Alfons , Heckman Ivan
Published: October 2021

Abstract. High ice water content (HIWC) regions in tropical deep convective clouds, composed of high concentrations of small ice crystals, were not reproduced by Weather Research and Forecasting (WRF) model simulations at 1-km horizontal grid spacing using four different bulk microphysics schemes (i.e., the WRF single‐moment 6‐class microphysics scheme (WSM6), the Morrison scheme and the Predicted Particle Properties (P3) scheme with one- and two-ice options) for conditions encountered during the High Altitude Ice Crystals (HAIC)-HIWC experiment. Instead, overestimates of radar reflectivity and underestimates of ice number concentrations were realized. To explore formation mechanisms for large numbers of small ice crystals in tropical convection, a series of quasi-idealized WRF simulations varying the model resolution, aerosol profile, and representation of secondary ice production (SIP) processes are conducted based on an observed radiosonde released at Cayenne during the HAIC-HIWC field campaign. The P3 two-ice scheme, which has two “free” ice categories to represent all ice-phase hydrometeors, is used. Regardless of the horizontal grid spacing or aerosol profile used, without including SIP processes the model produces total ice number concentrations about two orders of magnitude less than observed at −10 °C and about an order of magnitude less than observed at −30 °C, but slightly overestimates the total ice number concentrations at −45 °C. Three simulations including one of three SIP mechanisms separately (i.e., the Hallett-Mossop mechanism, fragmentation during ice–ice collisions, and shattering of freezing droplets) also do not replicate observed HIWCs, with the results of the simulation including shattering of freezing droplets most closely resembling the observations. The simulation including all three SIP processes successfully produces HIWC regions at all temperature levels remarkably consistent with the observations in terms of ice number concentrations and radar reflectivity, which is not replicated using the original P3 two-ice scheme. This simulation shows that primary ice production plays a key role in generating HIWC regions at t < 30 min at temperatures < −40 °C, shattering of freezing droplets dominates ice particle production in HIWC regions at temperatures > − 15 °C during the early stage of convection, and fragmentation during ice–ice collisions dominates at temperatures > −15 °C during the later stage of convection and at temperatures < −20 °C over the whole convection period. This study confirms the dominant role of SIP processes in the formation of numerous small crystals in HIWC regions.
Winter ClNO2 formation in the region of fresh anthropogenic emissions: seasonal variability and insights into daytime peaks in northern China
Authors: Xia Men , Peng Xiang , Wang Weihao , Yu Chuan , Wang Zhe , Tham Yee Jun , Chen Jianmin , Chen Hui , Mu Yujing , Zhang Chenglong , Liu Pengfei , Xue Likun , Wang Xinfeng , Gao Jian , Li Hong , Wang Tao
Published: October 2021

Abstract. Nitryl chloride (ClNO2) is an important chlorine reservoir in the
atmosphere that affects the oxidation of volatile organic compounds (VOCs)
and the production of ROx radicals and ozone (O3). This study
presents measurements of ClNO2 and related compounds at urban, polluted
rural, and polluted lower tropospheric (mountaintop) sites in the winter of
2017–2018 over the North China Plain (NCP). The nocturnal concentrations of
ClNO2 were lower at the urban and polluted rural sites but higher at
the polluted lower tropospheric site. The winter concentrations of
ClNO2 were generally lower than the summer concentrations that were
previously observed at these sites, which was due to the lower nitrate
radical (NO3) production rate (P(NO3)) and the smaller
N2O5 uptake coefficients (γ(N2O5)) in winter,
despite the higher ratios of dinitrogen pentoxide (N2O5) to NO3
in winter. Significant daytime peaks of ClNO2 were observed at all the
sites during the winter campaigns, with ClNO2 mixing ratios of up to
1.3 ppbv. Vertical transport of ClNO2 from the residual layers and
prolonged photochemical lifetime of ClNO2 in winter may explain the
elevated daytime concentrations. The daytime-averaged chlorine radical (Cl)
production rates (P(Cl)) from the daytime ClNO2 were 0.17, 0.11, and
0.12 ppbv h−1 at the polluted rural, urban, and polluted lower
tropospheric sites, respectively, which were approximately 3–4 times
higher than the campaign-averaged conditions. Box model calculations showed
that the Cl atoms liberated during the daytime peaks of ClNO2 increased the ROx levels by up to 27 %–37 % and increased the
daily O3 productions by up to 13 %–18 %. Our results provide new
insights into the ClNO2 processes in the lower troposphere impacted by
fresh and intense anthropogenic emissions and reveal that ClNO2 can be
an important daytime source of Cl radicals under certain conditions in
winter.
Cloud microphysical measurements at a mountain observatory: comparison between shadowgraph imaging and phase Doppler interferometry
Authors: Mohammadi Moein , Nowak Jakub Lukasz , Bertens Guus , Molacek Jan , Kumala Wojciech , Malinowski Szymon Piotr
Published: October 2021

Abstract. The microphysical properties of cloud droplets, such as droplet size distribution and droplet number concentration, were studied. A series of field experiments were performed in the summer of 2019 at the Umweltforschungsstation Schneefernerhaus (UFS), an environmental research station located just below the peak of Mount Zugspitze in the German Alps. A VisiSize D30 manufactured by Oxford Laser Ltd., which is a shadowgraph imaging instrument, was utilized for the first time to measure the size and velocity of cloud droplets during this campaign. Furthermore, a phase Doppler interferometer (PDI) device, manufactured by Artium Tech. Inc., was simultaneously measuring cloud droplets. After applying modifications to the built-in software algorithms, the results from the two instruments show reasonable agreement regarding droplet sizing and velocimetry for droplet diameters larger than 13 µm. Moreover, discrepancies were observed concerning the droplet number concentration results, especially with smaller droplet sizes. Further investigation by applying appropriate filters to the data allowed the attribution of the discrepancies to two phenomena: the different optical performance of the sensors with regard to small droplets and high turbulent velocity fluctuations relative to the mean flow that result in an uncertain estimate of the volume of air passing through the PDI probe volume.
Mapping the spatial distribution of NO2 with in situ and remote sensing instruments during the Munich NO2 imaging campaign
Authors: Kuhlmann Gerrit , Chan Ka Lok , Donner Sebastian , Zhu Ying , Schwaerzel Marc , Dörner Steffen , Chen Jia , Hueni Andreas , Nguyen Duc Hai , Damm Alexander , Schütt Annette , Dietrich Florian , Brunner Dominik , Liu Cheng , Buchmann Brigitte , Wagner Thomas , Wenig Mark
Published: October 2021

Abstract. We present results from the Munich NO2 imaging campaign (MuNIC) where nitrogen dioxide (NO2) near-surface concentrations (NSC) and vertical column densities (VCD) were measured with stationary, mobile and airborne in situ and remote sensing instruments. The most intensive day of the campaign was 7 July 2016, when the NO2 VCD field was mapped with the Airborne Prism Experiment (APEX) imaging spectrometer. The spatial distribution of APEX VCDs was rather smooth with a horizontal gradient between lower values upwind and higher values downwind of the city center. The NO2 map had no pronounced source signatures except for the plumes of two combined heat and power plants (CHP). The APEX VCDs agree well with mobile MAX-DOAS observations from two vehicles conducted in the same afternoon (r = 0.55). In contrast to the VCDs, mobile NSC measurements revealed high spatial and temporal variability along the roads with highest values in congested areas and tunnels. The NOx emissions of the two CHP plants were estimated from the APEX observations using a mass-balance approach. The estimates are higher than reported emissions, but uncertainties are high because the campaign day was unstable and convective, resulting in low and highly variable wind speeds. The NOx emission estimates are consistent with CO2 emissions determined from two ground-based FTIR instruments operated near one CHP plant. We conclude that airborne imaging spectrometers are well suited to map the spatial distribution of NO2 VCDs over large areas. The emission plumes of point sources can be detected in the APEX observations, but accurate flow fields are essential to estimate emissions with sufficient accuracy. The application of airborne imaging spectrometers for studying NSCs, for example as input for epidemiological studies, is less straight forward and requires to account for the non-trivial relationship between VCDs and NSCs.
Signature and sensitivity-based comparison of conceptual and process oriented models, GR4H, MARINE and SMASH, on French Mediterranean flash floods
Authors: Haruna Abubakar , Garambois Pierre-Andre , Roux Helene , Javelle Pierre , Jay-Allemand Maxime
Published: October 2021

Abstract. The improvement of flood forecast ability of models is a key issue in hydrology, particularly in Mediterranean catchments that are subjected to strong convective events. This contribution compared models of different complexities, lumped GR4H, continuous SMASH and process-oriented MARINE. The objective was to understand how they simulate catchment's hydrological behavior, the differences in terms of their simulated discharge, the soil moisture, and how these can help to improve the relevance of the models. The study was applied on two Mediterranean catchments in the South of France. The methodology involved global sensitivity analysis, investigations of the response surface, calibration and validation, signature comparison at event scale, and comparison of soil moisture simulated with respect to the outputs of the surface model, SIM. The results revealed contrasted and catchment specific parameter sensitivity to the same efficiency measure and equifinality issues are highlighted via response surface plots. Higher sensitivity is found for all models to transfer parameters on the Gardon and for production parameters on the Ardeche. The exchange parameter controlling a non-conservative flow component of GR4H is found to be sensitive. All models had good calibration efficiencies, with MARINE having the highest, and GR4H being more robust in validation. At the event scale, indices of discharge showed that, the event-based MARINE was better in reproducing the peak and its timing. It is followed by SMASH, while GR4H was the least in this aspect. SMASH performed relatively better in the volume of water exported and is followed by GR4H. Regarding the soil moisture simulated by the three models and using the outputs of the operational surface model SIM as the benchmark, MARINE emerged as the most accurate in terms of both the dynamics and the amplitude. GR4H followed closely while SMASH was the least in comparison. This study paves the way for extended model hypothesis and calibration-regionalization methods testing and intercomparison in the light of multi-sourced signatures in order to assess/discriminate internal model behaviors. It highlights, in particular, the need for future investigations on combinations of vertical and lateral flow components, including groundwater exchanges, in distributed hydrological models along with new optimization methods for optimally exploiting, at the regional scale, multi-source datasets composed of both physiographic data and hydrological signatures.
Research on the smooth velocity control of a driving switching process of a new pneumatic electric hybrid actuator
Authors: Yang Jiabin , Li Xiaoning
Published: October 2021

Abstract. In order to meet the application requirements of
fast-moving, accurate positioning, and low cost, a new type of pneumatic
electric hybrid actuator was developed with a positioning accuracy of
0.01 mm. It was found that the velocity fluctuation would occur in the
process of driving switching due to the “stop then restart” strategy, resulting in stumbling when positioning. To solve this problem, the basic characteristics of the drive switching mechanism were tested and analyzed. A driving switching strategy called “relay and run” was proposed based on the response characteristics of the locking mechanism in the braking stage and the starting characteristics of the motor. The uniform acceleration was controlled by the motor drive to compensate for the velocity loss so that the overall velocity was slowly reduced. The control model was established, and the experiments were conducted. The results showed that the relay and run switching strategy can eliminate the velocity fluctuation caused by the stop then restart strategy.
Partitioning the uncertainty contributions of dependent offshore forcing conditions in the probabilistic assessment of future coastal flooding at a macrotidal site
Authors: Rohmer Jeremy , Idier Deborah , Thieblemont Remi , Le Cozannet Goneri , Bachoc François
Published: October 2021

Abstract. Getting a deep insight into the role of coastal flooding drivers is of high interest for the planning of adaptation strategies for future climate conditions. Using global sensitivity analysis, we aim to measure the contributions of the offshore forcing conditions (wave/wind characteristics, still water level and sea level rise (SLR) projected up to 2200) to the occurrence of the flooding event (defined when the inland water volume exceeds a given threshold YC) at Gâvres town on the French Atlantic coast in a macrotidal environment. This procedure faces, however, two major difficulties, namely (1) the high computational time costs of the hydrodynamic numerical simulations; (2) the statistical dependence between the forcing conditions. By applying a Monte-Carlo-based approach combined with multivariate extreme value analysis, our study proposes a procedure to overcome both difficulties through the computation of sensitivity measures dedicated to dependent input variables (named Shapley effects) with the help of Gaussian process (GP) metamodels. On this basis, our results outline the key influence of SLR over time. Its contribution rapidly increases over time until 2100 where it almost exceeds the contributions of all other uncertainties (with Shapley effect > 40 % considering the representative concentration pathway RCP4.5 scenario). After 2100, it continues to linearly increase up to > 50 %. The SLR influence depends however on our modelling assumptions. Before 2100, it is strongly influenced by the digital elevation Model (DEM); with a DEM with lower topographic elevation (before the raise of dykes in some sectors), the SLR effect is smaller by ~40 %. This influence reduction goes in parallel with an increase in the importance of wave/wind characteristics, hence indicating how the relative effect of the flooding drivers strongly change when protective measures are adopted. By 2100, the joint role of RCP and of YC impacts the SLR influence, which is reduced by 20–30 % when the mode of the SLR probability distribution is high (for RCP8.5 in particular) and when YC is low (of 50 m3). Finally, by showing that these results are robust to the main uncertainties in the estimation procedure (Monte-Carlo sampling and GP error), the combined GP-Shapley effect approach proves to be a valuable tool to explore and characterize uncertainties related to compound coastal flooding under SLR.
Improving flood damage assessments in data-scarce areas by retrieval of building characteristics through UAV image segmentation and machine learning – a case study of the 2019 floods in southern Malawi
Authors: Wouters Lucas , Couasnon Anaïs , de Ruiter Marleen C. , van den Homberg Marc J. C. , Teklesadik Aklilu , de Moel Hans
Published: October 2021

Abstract. Reliable information on building stock and its vulnerability is important for understanding societal exposure to floods. Unfortunately, developing countries have less access to and availability of this information. Therefore, calculations for flood damage assessments have to use the scarce information available, often aggregated on a national or district level. This study aims to improve current assessments of flood damage by extracting individual building characteristics and estimate damage based on the buildings' vulnerability. We carry out an object-based image analysis (OBIA) of high-resolution (11 cm ground sample distance) unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) imagery to outline building footprints. We then use a support vector machine learning algorithm to classify the delineated buildings. We combine this information with local depth–damage curves to estimate the economic damage for three villages affected by the 2019 January river floods in the southern Shire Basin in Malawi and compare this to a conventional, pixel-based approach using aggregated land use to denote exposure. The flood extent is obtained from satellite imagery (Sentinel-1) and corresponding water depths determined by combining this with elevation data. The results show that OBIA results in building footprints much closer to OpenStreetMap data, in which the pixel-based approach tends to overestimate. Correspondingly, the estimated total damage from the OBIA is lower (EUR 10 140) compared to the pixel-based approach (EUR 15 782). A sensitivity analysis illustrates that uncertainty in the derived damage curves is larger than in the hazard or exposure data. This research highlights the potential for detailed and local damage assessments using UAV imagery to determine exposure and vulnerability in flood damage and risk assessments in data-poor regions.
The riddle of eastern tropical Pacific Ocean oxygen levels: the role of the supply by intermediate-depth waters
Authors: Duteil Olaf , Frenger Ivy , Getzlaff Julia
Published: October 2021

Abstract. Observed oxygen minimum zones (OMZs) in the tropical Pacific Ocean are
located above intermediate-depth waters (IDWs), defined here as the 500–1500 m water layer. Typical climate models do not represent IDW properties well and are characterized by OMZs that are too deep-reaching. We analyze the role of the IDW in the misrepresentation of oxygen levels in a heterogeneous subset of ocean models characterized by a horizontal resolution ranging from 0.1 to 2.8∘. First, we show that forcing the extratropical boundaries (30∘ S and N) to observed oxygen values results in a significant increase in oxygen levels in the intermediate eastern tropical region. Second, we highlight the fact that the Equatorial Intermediate Current System (EICS) is a key feature connecting the western and eastern part of the basin. Typical climate models lack in representing crucial aspects of this supply at intermediate depth, as the EICS is basically absent in models characterized by a resolution lower than 0.25∘. These two aspects add up to a “cascade of biases” that hampers the correct representation of oxygen levels at intermediate depth in the eastern tropical Pacific Ocean and potentially future OMZ projections.
Contesting Familial Bonds: (Af)filiative Relationships in Pakistani Anglophone Writing
Authors: Kanwal Aroosa
Published: October 2021

Following Edward Said’s theorization of filiation and affiliation, this paper maps transformative itineraries of second-generation Pakistani immigrants in Britain who negotiate their personal identities on the basis of choice and affiliation instead of filiation. I argue that, as a result of the changing relationships of migrant parents with their British-born children, either because of a clash between nostalgia for the culture of origin and the host culture, between racial discrimination or the changing social structures of multicultural Britain, familial bonds within Pakistani families in Britain are severely affected. In other words, public or “external debates” in the diaspora, that Ralph Grillo describes as migrants’ imagined cultural practices, interact with internal debates that occur within migrant families. Against this backdrop, I explore the tensions, informed by a filiation-affiliation dialectic, that exist between first and second generations and the way these affect the personal struggles of an embittered anglicized Asian second generation and dramatize the metaphorical birth of a subject outside the confines of the familial order.
COVID-19 Pandemic and Structural Barriers for Migrant Agricultural Workers in Ontario
Authors: James Theresa
Published: October 2021

COVID-19 has exposed and exacerbated many longstanding barriers and shortcomings in labour protections for migrant workers in Canada. This paper focuses on the situation of workers under the Seasonal Agricultural Workers Program (SAWP) in Ontario, demonstrating how the COVID-19 pandemic has exposed and greatly aggravated the already precarious conditions of migrant workers. It explores the employment, labour and immigration law frameworks that render SAWP workers particularly vulnerable to exploitation and harm, both during pandemic and non-pandemic times. While some government policy and legislative responses have sought to respond to the increased vulnerability of migrant agricultural workers to the virus, fundamental changes in both the immigration and labour spheres are necessary to fix the structural causes of migrant agricultural workers’ vulnerability.
This paper suggest that the pandemic has created not only an unprecedented urgency for systemic change, but also an unprecedented opportunity. Given the current broad shifts in public ideas about employment, health, and vulnerability, as well as mainstream public attention to the plight of migrant farm workers, I suggest that there is now an unprecedented space in Canadian public policy discourse to advance the urgently needed structural changes to protect the rights of migrant farm workers.
After Babel and the Impediments of Hermeneutics: Releasing Translation into its own Territory
Authors: Scott Clive
Published: October 2021

This article proposes that Steiner’s account of a hermeneutic translation does not square with his deeper linguistic and literary sympathies, that he often puts him­self in contradictory argumentative positions, despite the vigorous clarity of his reasoning, and that he might find a suitable home for those sympathies and some solution to his predicament in the kind of translational model that is offered here. While Steiner takes pleasure in language’s capacity to make room for individual privacies, for the contingencies of idiolect, and to create the imaginative space for ‘alternity’, that is, for the hypothetical, the suppositional, the optative and con­di­tion­al, the kind of hermeneutic translation which he promotes fosters sobriety, bal­ance and durability, and resists the excessive and the proliferative. It is perhaps not surprising, therefore, that many of the conclusions he draws from translation are negative and tinged with defeatism; we can only regret that he does not use his own discovery of stalemate to imagine the kind of translation that might outwit po­lar­ized positions. The article includes, as worked examples, translations from the first stanzas of Lamartine’s “L’Isolement” and Verlaine’s “En sourdine”.
Forum: Klaus Peter Müller und Rainer Kohlmayer im Gespräch
Authors: Müller Klaus Peter , Kohlmayer Rainer
Published: October 2021

Klaus Peter Müller und Rainer Kohlmayer im Gespräch über
Kohlmayer, Rainer (2019): Literaturübersetzen. Ästhetik und Praxis (= Publikationen des Fachbereichs Trans­la­tions‑, Sprach- und Kulturwissenschaft der Johannes Gu­ten­berg-Uni­versität Mainz in Germersheim, Bd. 72). Ber­lin: Peter Lang 2019. 213 S. ISBN: 978-3631791370.
Kohlmayer, Rainer (2020): Kritische Über­set­zungs­wis­sen­schaft. Theoriekritik, Ideologiekritik, Über­set­zungs­kri­tik. Berlin: Peter Lang. 259 S. ISBN: 978-3631811931.