bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Artificial intelligence methods applied to longitudinal data from electronic health records for prediction of cancer: a scoping review
Authors: Moglia Victoria , Johnson Owen , Cook Gordon , de Kamps Marc , Smith Lesley
Published: January 2025

Background

Early detection and diagnosis of cancer are vital to improving outcomes for patients. Artificial intelligence (AI) models have shown promise in the early detection and diagnosis of cancer, but there is limited evidence on methods that fully exploit the longitudinal data stored within electronic health records (EHRs). This review aims to summarise methods currently utilised for prediction of cancer from longitudinal data and provides recommendations on how such models should be developed.

Methods

The review was conducted following PRISMA-ScR guidance. Six databases (MEDLINE, EMBASE, Web of Science, IEEE Xplore, PubMed and SCOPUS) were searched for relevant records published before 2/2/2024. Search terms related to the concepts “artificial intelligence”, “prediction”, “health records”, “longitudinal”, and “cancer”. Data were extracted relating to several areas of the articles: (1) publication details, (2) study characteristics, (3) input data, (4) model characteristics, (4) reproducibility, and (5) quality assessment using the PROBAST tool. Models were evaluated against a framework for terminology relating to reporting of cancer detection and risk prediction models.

Results

Of 653 records screened, 33 were included in the review; 10 predicted risk of cancer, 18 performed either cancer detection or early detection, 4 predicted recurrence, and 1 predicted metastasis. The most common cancers predicted in the studies were colorectal (n = 9) and pancreatic cancer (n = 9). 16 studies used feature engineering to represent temporal data, with the most common features representing trends. 18 used deep learning models which take a direct sequential input, most commonly recurrent neural networks, but also including convolutional neural networks and transformers. Prediction windows and lead times varied greatly between studies, even for models predicting the same cancer. High risk of bias was found in 90% of the studies. This risk was often introduced due to inappropriate study design (n = 26) and sample size (n = 26).

Conclusion

This review highlights the breadth of approaches to cancer prediction from longitudinal data. We identify areas where reporting of methods could be improved, particularly regarding where in a patients’ trajectory the model is applied. The review shows opportunities for further work, including comparison of these approaches and their applications in other cancers.
Impact of vancomycin area under the curve in early or later phase on efficacy and nephrotoxicity in patients with enterococcal bloodstream infections: a multicenter study
Authors: Tangvichitrerk Piyawadee , Changpradub Dhitiwat , Hemapanpairoa Jatapat , Juntanawiwat Piraporn , Santimaleeworagun Wichai
Published: January 2025

Background

The optimal pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic (PK/PD) parameters of vancomycin that can improve outcomes in enterococcal infections remain controversial. To clarify the therapeutic target for this antibiotic, this study aimed to determine vancomycin PK/PD parameters associated with efficacy in the early (during 72 h) or later (after 72 h) phase of treatment and nephrotoxicity in enterococcal bloodstream infection patients.

Methods

This multicenter retrospective study reviewed medical records of patients with enterococcal bloodstream infections treated with intravenous vancomycin infusion for at least 72 h between January 2016 and March 2024 at Phramongkutklao Hospital or Nopparatrajathanee Hospital in Bangkok, and Rachaburi Hospital in Rachaburi Province, Thailand. Patients with data available on serum vancomycin concentration were analyzed. The primary outcomes were 30-day mortality and acute kidney injury. The estimates of the mean 24-h area under the curve in the first 72 h (AUC24) and in steady state (AUCss) were determined by Bayesian theorem.

Results

Overall, 201 vancomycin concentrations were measured within the first 72 h after vancomycin treatment, while 156 were in a steady state (> 72 h). According to Classification and Regression Tree analysis, vancomycin AUC at 420 mg﻿·h/l was the PK/PD target for 30-day mortality. Results reveal that patients with AUC24 (early phase) and AUCss < 420 mg﻿·h/l (later phase) had significantly higher 14-day, 30-day, and in-hospital mortality than AUC ≥ 420 mg﻿·h/l groups. In addition, patients with AUC24 ≥ 420 mg﻿·h/l in the early phase had significantly reduced microbiological failure (p = 0.004). Patients with AUC ≥ 700 mg﻿·h/l in early and later phases had significantly increased acute kidney injury risk. In addition, patients receiving concomitant nephrotoxic drugs had an AUC cutoff value of 650 mg﻿·h/l. Multivariate Cox regression analysis showed that vancomycin AUCss < 420 mg﻿·h/l, unknown source of bacteremia, and acute kidney injury were significantly associated with 30-day mortality.

Conclusions

AUC 420–650 mg﻿·h/l in early and later phases was the target of vancomycin’s PK/PD in enterococcal bacteremia patients for efficacy and to prevent acute kidney injury. This study suggests close monitoring of vancomycin levels to ensure efficacy and safety.
Facilitating active participation in anticoagulant decisions in advanced kidney disease: co-production of a question prompt list
Authors: Parker Kathrine , Needham Abigail , Thachil Jecko , Mitra Sandip , Lewis Penny
Published: January 2025

Background

People with chronic kidney disease are at increased risk of thrombotic and bleeding episodes making anticoagulant treatment decisions challenging. Currently, there are no support tools for people with chronic kidney disease regarding anticoagulant therapy decisions. This work aimed to co-produce materials to support shared-decision making when considering anticoagulant use in advanced chronic kidney disease.

Methods

Focus groups were undertaken to explore the views of people with kidney disease towards anticoagulant prescribing. Data was thematically analysed based on Makoul and Clayman’s model of shared-decision making. Co-production methods were used to develop a question prompt list based on themes from the focus groups in conjunction with people with kidney disease over three meetings.

Results

A question prompt list, to be used by patients when initiated on anticoagulant therapy, was co-produced. These questions were based upon participants’ experiences of the various stages of shared-decision making within the context of anticoagulant use in advanced chronic kidney disease. Of particular importance to participants was the individualised discussion around treatment risks and follow up arrangements.

Conclusion

Shared-decision making is important when initiating medication to ensure the best outcomes for patients, yet it can be difficult to engage in shared-decision making without prompts or guidance. This co-produced question prompt list could be included as part of national guideline to support shared-decision making for anticoagulant initiation in patients with advanced chronic kidney disease.
Self-administered active versus sham acupressure for diarrhea predominant irritable bowel syndrome: a nurse-led randomized clinical trial
Authors: Asal Maha Gamal Ramadan , El-Sayed Ahmed Abdelwahab Ibrahim , Alsenany Samira Ahmed , Ramzy Zahraa Hassan , Dawood Rasha Fathy Ahmed
Published: January 2025

Background

Diarrhea-predominant irritable bowel syndrome (IBS-D) significantly impacts patients’ quality of life, with existing treatments offering limited relief. Self-administered acupressure presents a potential non-invasive, cost-effective treatment option that could alleviate symptoms and enhance health outcomes in these patients.

Aim

This randomized controlled trial aimed to evaluate the effect of active acupressure compared to sham acupressure on primary and secondary outcomes among IBS-D patients.

Method

The study included 63 patients with IBS-D, recruited from Alexandria Main University Hospital, Egypt. Participants were randomized into either an active acupressure group or a sham acupressure group. Both groups underwent two days of training, followed by four weeks of intervention. The active group applied pressure to specific therapeutic acupoints, while the sham group used non-therapeutic points. Outcomes were assessed at baseline, week 2, and week 4.

Results

The active acupressure group showed a significant reduction in symptom severity, improved stool consistency, and frequency, and greater adequate symptom relief by week 4 compared to the sham group. Psychological outcomes, including anxiety and depression, also improved significantly in the active group. Additionally, the active group reported reduced use of rescue medications.

Conclusion

Active acupressure is an effective nursing intervention for alleviating symptoms of IBS-D, particularly when applied consistently over time. It improves both physical and psychological outcomes, offering a valuable non-pharmacological treatment option.

Implications

Nurses can integrate self-administered acupressure into IBS-D care plans, teaching patients this technique to manage symptoms independently, thus enhancing their quality of life (QOL) and reducing reliance on conventional medications. This intervention aligns with holistic nursing care and offers a cost-effective, patient-friendly solution for managing IBS-D.

Trial registration

This study was prospectively registered as a randomized controlled trial in https://clinicaltrials.gov/ Registration Date: January 7, 2023, Registration Number: NCT05702255.
Barriers to and facilitators of healthcare professionals in ADR reporting in a tertiary care hospital in India
Authors: N Ian Osoro , KP Suhaib , R Jamuna Rani , MG Rajanandh
Published: January 2025

Introduction

Several adverse drug reactions (ADRs) go unreported within a healthcare setting despite the risks they cause. We therefore decided to conduct this study in order to recognize the obstacles that hinder the healthcare professionals (HCPs) in a tertiary care hospital in Kattankulathur, Tamil Nadu from reporting ADRs and what strategies ought to be implemented.

Methods

We carried out a cross-sectional study among the HCPs such as doctors, pharmacists and nurses within our institution. A pre-validated questionnaire was used to collect data on the socio-demographics, barriers and facilitators in reporting ADR. A 2 weeks timeline was given to the HCPs to fill the questionnaire forms. Out of the 107 forms distributed, we received 80 of them that were duly filled. Data was analyzed using IBM SPSS version 26.

Results

Out of the 80 HCPs, only 22 of them had reported any ADRs in their career. 52% of our HCPs reported the lack of understanding of ADR reporting mechanism as their main hindrance. Additionally, 25 (31%) of the HCPs stated that reporting ADRs is time consuming. 18 (22%) of them reported a fear of legal liability. 13 (16%) of them stated that the reporting from is complicated and 29 (36%) stated a lack of motivation as the reason for not reporting ADR. Majority of our HCPs 76 (95%) recommended the need for continuous medical education and training as the best strategy to improve ADR reporting.

Conclusion

Barriers such as time constraints, workload pressures and competing priorities often hinder HCPs from dedicating adequate attention to ADR reporting. The inclusion of topics related to ADR reporting in the curriculum (i.e. clinical pharmacology) and increased awareness from the ADR monitoring centre were seen to be significant facilitators to enhance ADR reporting among health care practitioners.
An antibacterial, antioxidant and hemostatic hydrogel accelerates infectious wound healing
Authors: Zhou Ziyi , Zhang Dengjun , Ning Xuchao , Jin Linbo , Lin Yijing , Liang Chen , Wen Xin , Huang Tianhao , Zhou Junli , Zhang Yiming
Published: January 2025

Hydrogel drug-delivery system that can effectively load antibacterial drugs, realize the in-situ drug release in the microenvironment of wound infection to promote wound healing. In this study, a multifunctional hydrogel drug delivery system (HA@TA-Okra) was constructed through the integration of hyaluronic acid methacrylate (HAMA) matrix with tannic acid (TA) and okra extract. The composition and structural characteristics of HA@TA-Okra system and its unique advantages in the treatment of diverse wounds were systematically evaluated. TA, due to its unique chemical structure, is able to anchor within the HAMA network through interactions and cross-linking, conferring exceptional mechanical strength and stability to the hydrogel. Both TA and okra extract possess antioxidant and antibacterial properties, and when they two acts synergistically they can effectively scavenge free radicals, enhance antibacterial action, diminishing the risk of wound infection. In vitro experiments revealed that HA@TA-Okra system has superior properties, such as rapid gel response, remarkable swelling regulation, and potent antioxidant ability. Furthermore, the HA@TA-Okra system significantly outperformed conventional dressings in terms of hemostatic performance in a rat hemorrhage model. We further evaluated the repair role of HA@TA-Okra system in vivo by establishing an animal model of full-thickness skin defects and a model of infected total skin defects. The results confirmed its positive effects in fighting bacterial infection, reducing inflammation and promoting wound healing. In summary, the HA@TA-Okra system exhibits comprehensive properties such as antibacterial, antioxidant and hemostatic properties, which has a potential application in the field of tissue repair medicine.

Graphical Abstract
Overuse of medical imaging and effects of payer-provider integration: quasi-experimental evidence from Finland
Authors: Lavaste Konsta
Published: January 2025

Background

Healthcare expenditures have risen in middle- and high-income countries. One of the potential contributors is the overuse of diagnostics. I explore whether medical imaging is overused when privately owned clinics in Finland treat patients with voluntary private health insurance (VPHI).

Methods

I employ administrative insurance claims data from a major Finnish insurance company, covering 2016–2019, and exploit two market entries of clinics owned by the company in 2017. The underlying assumption is that the insurance company’s own clinics had weaker incentives to overuse imaging than other privately owned clinics because the payer and the provider belonged to the same entity. I identify the overuse using the staggered difference-in-differences (DID) strategy, in which I consider patients from cities with a market entry as the treatment group and compare them to patients in other similar cities.

Results

I find that the market entries decreased the use of radiography and ultrasound imaging in the treatment of VPHI policyholders, suggesting that private clinics overused these imaging technologies. The more expensive computed tomography (CT) and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) were, however, not overused.

Conclusions

The results show that private clinics in Finland overused some imaging technologies when treating VPHI policyholders. The extent and magnitude of overuse can, however, vary considerably between imaging technologies and medical ailments.
Synergistic antimicrobial activity of essential oils mixture of Moringa oleifera, Cinnamomum verum and Nigella sativa against Staphylococcus aureus using L-optimal mixture design
Authors: Abu-Hussien Samah H. , Nasry Antony R. , Samy Ziad , El-Sayed Salwa M. , Bakry Ashraf , Ebeed Naglaa , Elhariry Hesham , ElNoby Thanaa
Published: January 2025

The urgent need to address the growing problem of antimicrobial resistance in multidrug-resistant bacteria requires the development of pioneering approaches to treatment. The present study aims to evaluate the antimicrobial potential of the essential oils (EOs) of Moringa oleifera (moringa), Cinnamomum verum (cinnamon), and Nigella sativa (black seed) and the synergistic effect of the mixture of these oils against Staphylococcus aureus MCC 1351. Statistical modeling revealed cinnamon oil had the highest individual antimicrobial potency, followed by black seed oil. The combination of the three EOs exhibited significant synergistic effects compared to the individual oils, with a Fractional Inhibitory Concentration (∑FIC) index of 0.27. L-Optimal mixture design of response surface methodology (RSM) identified the optimal mixture as moringa: cinnamon: black seed oils by the ratio of (1:1:1) in run 15 (0.338:0.307:0.355 mL) (v/v). This mixture exhibited significant antibacterial efficacy, outperforming individual oils and conventional antibiotics like tetracycline. Specifically, the combination reduced the MIC values from 3.12, 0.78, and 6.25 to 0.25, 0.06, and 0.78 μg/mL for moringa, cinnamon, and black seed oil, respectively. Synergistic interactions between oils further boosted efficacy, with moringa-cinnamon and cinnamon-black seed pairings exhibiting the strongest synergies. The developed predictive models for IZD and MIC showed excellent fit, with R2 values of 0.9843 and 0.9958, respectively. Pareto chart analysis highlighted the predominant individual and synergistic effects, with the Moringa-Cinnamon interaction exhibiting the highest positive synergy. Notably, the oil mixture of run 15 demonstrated excellent biocompatibility, maintaining 97.6% viability of normal human skin fibroblasts (HSF) after 24 h exposure to 200 μL EOs of the mixture per mL. Gas chromatography mass spectrometry (GC/MS) identified abundant bioactive phytochemicals like cinnamaldehyde, linoleic acid, and palmitic acid methyl esters underlying the observed antimicrobial effects. This rationally designed, synergistic phytochemical combination presents a promising natural therapeutic against antibiotic-resistant S. aureus while exhibiting minimal cytotoxicity. The results underscore how combining essential oils could help address the issue of antibiotic resistance in S. aureus.
Perspectives and experiences regarding pre-exposure prophylaxis (PrEP) in a community sample of Veterans with unhealthy alcohol use: overall and across sexual orientation and gender identity
Authors: Fletcher Olivia V. , Beaver Kristine , Austin Elizabeth J. , van Draanen Jenna , Edelman E. Jennifer , Williams Emily C.
Published: January 2025

Background

Unhealthy alcohol use is an independent, modifiable risk factor for HIV, but limited research addresses alcohol use and HIV prevention synergistically. Groups that experience chronic stigma, discrimination, and/or other marginalization, such as sexual and gender minoritized groups, may have enhanced HIV risk related to unhealthy alcohol use. We described awareness of and experiences with pre-exposure prophylaxis (PrEP) among a community sample of Veterans reporting unhealthy alcohol use (relative to those without), overall and across self-reported sexual orientation and gender identity.

Methods

Using data collected from a national online survey of Veterans recruited via Facebook ads, community organizations, and listservs, we assessed variation in four PrEP outcomes (knowledge, experience, willingness, and conversations with doctors) across patterns of unhealthy alcohol use among all respondents reporting any lifetime drinking (n = 1,041) and then within sexual orientation and gender identity groups using Chi-square or Fisher’s exact tests.

Results

Among 1,041 eligible Veterans, 440 (42%) screened positive for unhealthy alcohol use. Veterans with unhealthy alcohol use were not more likely to have heard of PrEP (58.2% vs. 55.4%, p = 0.37), but trended toward more likely to have taken PrEP (7.5% vs. 5.0%, p = 0.09), to be willing to take PrEP (30.5% vs. 27.6%, p = 0.06), and to have spoken with a doctor about PrEP (11.4% vs. 7.7%, p = 0.04). Those with heavy episodic drinking also trended toward higher prevalence of PrEP awareness (60.0% vs. 54.6%, p = 0.09), and were more likely to have taken PrEP (8.3% vs. 4.7%, p = 0.02), to be willing to use PrEP (34.6% vs. 25.5%, p < 0.01), and to have had conversations with doctors about PrEP (12.7% vs. 7.2%, p < 0.01). Similar patterns were observed for severe unhealthy alcohol use and past-year frequent heavy episodic drinking. Generally, sexual/gender minoritized Veterans with unhealthy alcohol use reported more PrEP-affirming responses than those without but associations with unhealthy alcohol use were similar.

Conclusions

Unhealthy alcohol use was prevalent, particularly among Veterans with minoritized sexual orientation/gender identity, but not clearly linked to increased PrEP-literacy and use despite its known status as an HIV risk factor. Across groups, > 25% of individuals were willing to take PrEP. Interventions targeting both alcohol use and HIV prevention should capitalize on this.
Maritime logistics and economic growth in the context of APEC: a two-stage data envelopment analysis study
Authors: Delfin-Ortega Odette
Published: January 2025

The objective of this research is to analyze the factors influencing port efficiency from 2000 to 2023 using data envelopment analysis methodology and a dynamic ordinary least squares econometric model. In the first phase, the evaluation of port efficiency revealed an average score of 52%; with 10 ports showing high efficiency and two ports with efficiency below 1%. The results indicated the need for strategies to improve port efficiency in the region as enhancing infrastructure, streamlining processes, and improving logistics. In the second phase, Gross domestic product (GDP) per capita, the economically active population, and connectivity were used as independent variables to examine their impact on efficiency. The dynamic ordinary least squares model revealed that GDP per capita is the most influential factor in port efficiency, followed by maritime connectivity. These findings suggest that economic capacity and logistic networks are fundamental for improving port efficiency. On the other hand, the economically active population had a lesser impact, highlighting the importance of having a highly skilled workforce. The research concludes that it is crucial for port authorities to invest in infrastructure and human capital development to achieve more efficient and competitive ports. These efforts should focus on improving connectivity and promoting economic growth, which is essential for the sustainable development of the port sector.
Evaluation of aerosol loading and its relationship with geopotential height in Nigeria’s Guinea Coast
Authors: Ibe Onyinyechi Caroline , Nwofor Okechukwu Kelechi , Okoro Ugochukwu Kingsley
Published: January 2025

Climate variability and atmospheric changes significantly affect weather patterns and human activities. Aerosols impact the Earth's climate by influencing cloud formation, scattering radiation, and cooling the planet. However, aerosols, like black carbon, absorb and reemit radiation, contributing to global warming. This study aims to assess aerosol optical depth (AOD) over Nigeria's Guinea Coast, compare aerosol loading across the region, examine the relationship between aerosol loading and geopotential height, and explore the impact of meteorological variables on aerosol levels. AOD data were sourced from MODIS, while geopotential height and meteorological data was obtained from MERRA-2. The study found significant aerosol loading during the dry season, particularly along the coastal region (Lagos, Warri, and Port Harcourt), and lower AOD during the wet season. Geopotential height values were higher during the wet season, especially at 1000-hPa and 850-hPa. A positive correlation was found between AOD and geopotential height. Wind speeds were higher in the north and along the coast, with specific humidity at 1000-hPa directly correlating with geopotential height and inversely with wind speed. The study also showed that the annual AOD distribution mirrors geopotential height patterns at 1000-hPa, with higher values in southern Nigeria. In conclusion, aerosol loading is higher during the dry season, particularly in coastal regions and at lower atmospheric levels. The study highlights how seasonal changes and geographical factors influence aerosol distribution. It also shows that geopotential height strongly affects aerosol concentration, with higher heights linked to increased AOD. This underscores the importance of surface-level aerosols for human health, agriculture, and visibility, and suggests that geopotential height influences where aerosol loading is highest.
Attosecond microscopy —Advances and outlook
Authors: Vogelsang J. , Mikkelsen A. , Ropers C. , Gaida J. H. , Garg M. , Kern K. , Miao J. , Schultze M. , Ossiander M.
Published: January 2025

Attosecond microscopy aims to record electron movement on its natural length and time scale. It is a gateway to understanding the interaction of matter and light, the coupling between excitations in solids, and the resulting energy flow and decoherence behavior, but it demands simultaneous temporal and spatial resolution. Modern science has conquered these scales independently, with ultrafast light sources providing sub-femtosecond pulses and advanced microscopes achieving sub-nanometer resolving power. In this perspective, we inspect the challenges raised by combining extreme temporal and spatial resolution and then highlight how upcoming experimental techniques overcome them to realize laboratory-scale attosecond microscopes. Referencing proof-of-principle experiments, we delineate the techniques’ strengths and their applicability to observing various ultrafast phenomena, materials, and sample geometries.
Insulitis and Exocrinitis in Autoantibody-positive Nondiabetic Individuals: Role of HLA Genotypes
Authors: Diedisheim Marc , Mallone Roberto , Pugliese Alberto , Dubois-Laforgue Danièle , Larger Etienne
Published: January 2025

Context

Type 1 diabetes (T1D) is characterized by the presence of autoantibodies on a genetic background largely determined by HLA class II haplotypes. Stage 1 T1D is characterized by the presence of multiple autoantibodies and normoglycemia.

Objective

To investigate the prevalence of high-risk HLA-DQB1 haplotypes and the extent of islet autoimmunity in pancreatic tissues from nondiabetic organ donors with autoantibodies.

Design

We analyzed 117 virtual pancreatic slides from 30 antibody-positive nondiabetic donors from the Network for Pancreatic Organ Donors with Diabetes (nPOD).

Patients

Thirty nondiabetic individuals positive for ≥1 autoantibody. HLA haplotypes were classified as at risk (DQ2, namely DQB1*02:01 and/or DQ8, namely DQB1*03:02), protective (DQ6, namely DQB1*06:02) or neutral (other HLA-DQ alleles).

Main Outcome Measure

CD3+ lymphocyte infiltration of both endocrine and exocrine pancreas, according to HLA.

Results

Among these 30 individuals with a median age of 25 years (interquartile range 21-39); median body mass index 24 kg/m2 (21-30), 23 were single autoantibody-positive and 7 were positive for 2 autoantibodies. β-cell mass was normal in all. HLA-DQ allele distribution was similar to that of autoantibody-negative nondiabetic nPOD donors and differed from that of nPOD donors with stage 3 T1D. Insulitis was identified only in 1 case. CD3+ lymphocyte densities did no correlate with HLA status or autoantibody number or titers, neither in islets nor in the exocrine pancreas.

Conclusion

Contrary to stage 3 T1D, autoantibody-positive donors had normal β-cell mass and no significant insulitis, suggesting heterogeneity in the progression of autoimmunity, even in the presence of genetic risk, rather than a uniform slow-progressing process.
Factors Associated With Type 2 Diabetes in Older Japanese With Similar Genetic Risk Scores: The Bunkyo Health Study
Authors: Bui Thu Hien , Kaga Hideyoshi , Kakehi Saori , Someya Yuki , Tabata Hiroki , Yoshizawa Yasuyo , Naito Hitoshi , Tajima Tsubasa , Ito Naoaki , Kadowaki Satoshi , Nishida Yuya , Kawamori Ryuzo , Watada Hirotaka , Tamura Yoshifumi
Published: January 2025

Context

Genome-wide association studies have identified numerous single-nucleotide variations (SNVs, formerly single-nucleotide polymorphisms) linked to type 2 diabetes (T2D), thus improving the accuracy of genetic risk scores (GRS) in predicting T2D.

Objective

This study aimed to investigate the association between the novel GRS and the prevalence of T2D and clarify the characteristics that differentiate individuals with and without T2D with similar genetic risk.

Methods

This cross-sectional study analyzed 1610 Japanese individuals aged 65 to 84 years. GRS were calculated using 110 SNVs associated with T2D in Japanese, and GRS classified individuals as having low, average, or high risk for T2D. The characteristics of participants with or without diabetes were compared by sex at each risk level.

Results

The prevalences of T2D were 7.8%, 14.7%, and 16.7% at low-, average-, and high-risk levels, respectively. The odds ratios at the high- and average-risk levels were significantly higher than those at the low-risk level, even after adjusting for confounding factors. The diabetes group had a higher visceral fat area (VFA) and Homeostasis Model Assessment of Insulin Resistance (HOMA-IR) value, but a lower insulinogenic index, than the nondiabetes group across all risk levels. In the nondiabetes group, the II decreased significantly as GRS increased, but the HOMA-IR and Matsuda index values showed no association. In men with diabetes, VFA tended to decrease with higher GRS.

Conclusion

A higher GRS was significantly associated with increased T2D prevalence in older Japanese individuals. Our data demonstrated that the contribution of VFA to the development of diabetes varies with genetic risk.
Robotic Versus Open Placement of Hepatic Artery Infusion Pumps
Authors: Schleimer Lauren E. , Liu Annie , Kalvin Hannah L. , Barekzai Ahmad Bashir , Choubey Ankur P. , Jung Joslyn , Haque Rubiya , Jarnagin William R. , Balachandran Vinod P. , Geevarghese Ruben , Marinelli Brett , Gonen Mithat , Drebin Jeffrey , Allen Peter J. , D’Angelica Michael I. , Wei Alice C. , Zani Sabino , Kingham T. Peter , Lidsky Michael E. , Soares Kevin C.
Published: January 2025

Background

A growing number of centers offer hepatic artery infusion pump (HAIP) chemotherapy for advanced liver malignancies. While small series have demonstrated feasibility of robotic HAIP placement, comparison of outcomes with open placement is lacking. We compared outcomes after robotic versus open HAIP placement.

Methods

We retrospectively reviewed HAIP placement without concurrent hepatectomy at Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center from 1 January 2011 to 15 September 2022, and Duke Health from 1 November 2018 to 18 May 2023. Patients with prior liver surgery or who required catheterization of a non-standard vessel were excluded. Propensity score matching weights (PSMW) were calculated using age, sex, race, body mass index, American Society of Anesthesiologists class, neoadjuvant chemotherapy, colorectal procedure, and institution. Survey-weighted generalized linear models assessed the relationship between approach and outcomes.

Results

Of 2002 consecutive HAIP placements, 819 (645 open/174 robotic) met the inclusion criteria. A higher proportion of open procedures involved combined colorectal procedures; other patient characteristics were similar. Overall, 15% of patients experienced an HAIP-specific complication and 12% required re-intervention; 2.7% had HAIP failure ≤ 90 days. After PSMW, the robotic approach had a longer operative time (β = 68 min, 95% confidence interval [CI] 55–81, p < 0.001) but shorter length of stay (β = − 1.8 days, 95% CI − 2.3 to 1.3, p < 0.001). The robotic approach was associated with increased HAIP-specific complications (odds ratio [OR] 1.72, p = 0.025) and re-intervention (OR 2.33, p < 0.001), with no difference in time to initiation of HAIP chemotherapy or HAIP failure.

Conclusions

Robotic HAIP placement was associated with increased postoperative complications and significantly shorter length of stay, with similar time to initiation of HAIP therapy. There was no difference in the rate of early HAIP failure versus the open approach. These results suggest robotic HAIP placement is feasible and effective.
Η παρέμβαση Problem Management Plus (PM+) στο πλαίσιο της ψυχοκοινωνικής υποστήριξης προσφύγων: Ερευνητικά δεδομένα και εφαρμογές
Authors: Παπαθανασίου Χρυσοβαλάντης , Παντελίδου Στέλλα , Μπελέκου Πέπη , Μενεδιάτου Αγγελική , Μάντζαρη Αναστασία , Στυλιανίδης Στέλιος
Published: January 2025

Η παρέμβαση Problem Management Plus (PM+) αναπτύχθηκε από τον Παγκόσμιο Οργανισμό Υγείας, προκειμένου να καλύψει το κενό μεταξύ των αναγκών ψυχικής υγείας και της πρόσβασης σε ποιοτική περίθαλψη, ως μέρος του Προγράμματος Δράσης για το Κενό Ψυχικής Υγείας (mhGAP). Πρόκειται για μια παρέμβαση ψυχοκοινωνικής υποστήριξης ενηλίκων, οι οποίοι πάσχουν από συνήθη προβλήματα ψυχικής υγείας και αντιμετωπίζουν αντιξοότητες στην καθημερινότητα. Υπάρχουν ισχυρές ενδείξεις σχετικά με την αποτελεσματικότητά της στη μείωση των ψυχολογικών συμπτωμάτων σε ενήλικες που εκτίθενται σε αντιξοότητες. Στο πλαίσιο του προγράμματος «Προσωπικό Ψυχοκοινωνικής Υποστήριξης στην Κοινότητα», το οποίο υλοποιείται από την Εταιρεία Περιφερειακής Ανάπτυξης και Ψυχικής Υγείας σε συνεργασία με την Ύπατη Αρμοστεία του ΟΗΕ για τους Πρόσφυγες, μέλη προσφυγικών κοινοτήτων εκπαιδεύονται και εποπτεύονται από επαγγελματίες ψυχικής υγείας, προκειμένου να παρέχουν ψυχοκοινωνική υποστήριξη μέσω της παρέμβασης PM+ σε πρόσφυγες που αντιμετωπίζουν συναισθηματικές δυσκολίες. Οι βασικές στρατηγικές της παρέμβασης βασίζονται σε τεχνικές επίλυσης προβλημάτων και συμπεριφορικής θεραπείας, οι οποίες περιλαμβάνουν τη διαχείριση του άγχους, την ενεργοποίηση της συμπεριφοράς και την ενίσχυση της κοινωνικής υποστήριξης. Επιπλέον, συμπτώματα κατάθλιψης, άγχους, αυτοκτονικότητας και αυτοαναφερόμενα προβλήματα ψυχικής υγείας αξιολογούνται μέσω της χορήγησης ερωτηματολογίων (πριν και μετά την παρέμβαση). Στο παρόν άρθρο γίνεται αναλυτική περιγραφή της παρέμβασης, βάσει πρόσφατων εμπειρικών και κλινικών δεδομένων, καθώς και παρουσίαση ενός παραδείγματος εφαρμογής της από ειδικά εκπαιδευμένους πρόσφυγες.
Δυνητικοί εαυτοί εφήβων, κινητοποίηση και ακαδημαϊκή επίτευξη: Μια βιβλιογραφική ανασκόπηση
Authors: Ευθυμιάδου Ευρώπη , Γωνίδα Ελευθερία Ν.
Published: January 2025

Οι δυνητικοί εαυτοί ορίζονται ως οι γνωστικές αναπαραστάσεις των επιθυμιών και των φόβων των ατόμων για τον εαυτό τους στο μέλλον και έχουν ισχύ κινήτρου. Η παρούσα βιβλιογραφική ανασκόπηση πραγματεύεται το περιεχόμενο, τους παράγοντες διαμόρφωσης και τη σημασία των δυνητικών εαυτών των εφήβων, με έμφαση στους ακαδημαϊκούς δυνητικούς εαυτούς, στις μελλοντικές, δηλαδή, εικόνες που διαμορφώνονται στον ακαδημαϊκό τομέα και έχουν σχέση με την ακαδημαϊκή επίτευξη και τις ακαδημαϊκές επιλογές. Ειδικότερα, διερευνώνται οι παράγοντες και οι διαδικασίες που διευκολύνουν την ισχύ κινήτρου των ακαδημαϊκών δυνητικών εαυτών και τη σύνδεσή τους με θετικά ακαδημαϊκά αποτελέσματα, εστιάζοντας στη θεωρία του «κινήτρου βασιζόμενου στην ταυτότητα» της Oyserman (2007, 2015). Σύμφωνα με τη σχετική βιβλιογραφία, οι ακαδημαϊκοί δυνητικοί εαυτοί αποτελούν ένα συχνό θέμα στις αναφορές των εφήβων και συνδέονται με τη θετική τους ανάπτυξη, ειδικά των εφήβων που προέρχονται από λιγότερο ευνοϊκά περιβάλλοντα. Ωστόσο, προκειμένου να συμβάλλουν στην αυτο-ρύθμιση της μάθησης και της συμπεριφοράς χρειάζεται να συνδέονται με στρατηγικές, να θεωρούνται σύμφωνοι με τις κοινωνικές ταυτότητες των ατόμων, σχετικοί με τις επιλογές τους στο παρόν, να συνοδεύονται από κατάλληλες πεποιθήσεις, όπως ερμηνεία της δυσκολίας ως σπουδαιότητα και υψηλές πεποιθήσεις αυτο-αποτελεσματικότητας, και να υποστηρίζονται από τα κοινωνικά πλαίσια των μαθητών/ριών. Τα συμπεράσματα της ανασκόπησης υποδεικνύουν την ανάγκη υλοποίησης σχετικών παρεμβάσεων, κυρίως σε μαθητές/ριες που ζουν σε λιγότερο ευνοϊκά περιβάλλοντα. Επίσης, υποδεικνύουν την ανάγκη υλοποίησης σχετικών ερευνών και πρακτικών εφαρμογών στον ελληνικό χώρο.
Immunity, self-regulation, and COVID-related distress two years following the outburst of the pandemic
Authors: Paschali Antonia , Karademas Evangelos C.
Published: January 2025

The present study aimed to assess pandemic-related psychological distress in Greek adults two years after the pandemic's onset and examine its relationship with COVID-related immunity and self-regulation factors. Three indicators of COVID-related distress were measured: COVID anxiety, COVID-related perceived stress, and perceived changes in emotional quality of life. Out of the 520 participants, who completed the questionnaire online (358 females; mean age=38.33 years, SD=14.78), almost half reported some decline in emotional quality of life, but less than 5% experienced high pandemic-related stress or severe COVID-related anxiety. Interestingly, some participants reported improvement in emotional quality of life. Infection, vaccination, and most COVID-related illness representations were not significantly associated with distress indicators. However, coping behaviours showed a strong correlation with COVID-related distress. The study indicates that, two years following the pandemic, distress is more closely linked to individuals' overall experiences and coping strategies rather than the risk of infection or fear of consequences. These findings emphasize the importance of addressing individuals' coping mechanisms and broader psychosocial impact when designing interventions to effectively manage pandemic-related distress. Future mental health support and interventions should focus on promoting adaptive coping strategies and considering the entire experience of the pandemic to alleviate psychological distress.
Neutronics Analysis of Pressurized Water Reactor Cores using IDEA Code
Authors: Rehman Ubaid ur , Hussain M. Jawad , Rasool Zahid , Kausar Farhana , Mansoor Ali , Rehman Aman ur , Rehman Haseeb ur
Published: January 2025

Background This paper discusses the development and benchmarking of IDEA (Indigenous Diffusion Equation Analyzer), an in-house transient, multi-group, 3-dimensional neutron diffusion equation (NDE) code. IDEA can perform both steady-state criticality calculations and reactivity transient analysis for 3-dimensional rectangular geometries, with potential extension to cylindrical geometries. Methods The IDEA code employs the finite difference method (FDM) for spatial and temporal discretization, enhanced by source extrapolation-based acceleration. Its performance was evaluated by comparing its results with those of established NDE-based codes, PRIDE and CITATION. Various 2D and 3D steady-state and transient reactivity benchmark problems were used for this comparison. Results The results obtained from IDEA were found to be in close agreement with reference values from publicly available literature. In addition, the IDEA code demonstrated superior accuracy and consistency compared to PRIDE and CITATION in both steady-state and transient reactivity analyses. A neutronic analysis of a typical small PWR core under clean and cold conditions also showed validation against reference results. Conclusions The IDEA code has shown promising figures of merit to be used for practical neutronic calculations. Moreover, a multitude of users can benefit from its further development due to ease of access and lack of proprietary restrictions.
Sleep duration, sleep disturbances and skeletal muscle mass change over time: A population-based longitudinal analysis in Peru
Authors: Agurto-García Renzo A. , Nuñez-del-Arco Enrique S. , Carrillo-Larco Rodrigo M. , Miranda J. Jaime , Bernabe-Ortiz Antonio
Published: January 2025

Background The skeletal muscle has mainly a structural function and plays a role in human’s metabolism. Besides, the association between sleep quality and muscle mass, in the form of sarcopenia, has been reported. This study aimed to assess whether changes of skeletal muscle mass (SMM) over time are associated with baseline sleep duration and disturbances in a resource-constrained adult Peruvian population. Materials and Methods Secondary analysis using information of a population-based intervention. The outcome was SMM assessed using bioimpedance and the second version of the Lee’s formula. The exposures were baseline self-reported sleep duration (normal, short and long sleepers) and disturbances (sleep difficulties and awakening at nights). Crude and adjusted linear mixed models were used to assess the associations of interest, and coefficients (β) and 95% confidence intervales (95% CI) were reported. Results Data from 2,310 individuals at baseline, mean age 43.4 (SD: 17.2), and 1,163 (50.4%) females were analyzed. Sleep duration was 7.8 (SD: 1.3) hours/day, with 15.3% short sleepers and 11.6% long sleepers, whereas 24.2% reported sleep difficulties and 25.1% awakening at nights. In multivariable model, SMM among short and long sleepers did not vary significantly over time using the Lee’s formula; however, SMM was lower at the end of follow-up for long sleepers using bioimpedance (-0.26 kg; 95% CI: -0.47 to -0.06). Sleep disturbances were associated with a gradual SMM reduction: 0.36 kg using bioimpedance and 0.25 kg using the formula at the end of follow-up. Conclusions Using bioimpedance and formula estimations, sleep disturbances were associated with a reduction of SMM over a period of 2.4 years. Regarding sleep duration, no SMM changes over time were seen in short sleepers, but findings were discordant in long sleepers: a reduction of SMM using bioimpedance, but no change using the formula.
Review of celiac disease in the pediatric population
Authors: Strawińska Aleksandra , Wydro Maria , Grotowska Magdalena , Łukasiewicz Martyna
Published: January 2025

Celiac disease (CD) is a chronic autoimmune disease triggered by the ingestion of gluten in genetically predisposed individuals, primarily those with HLA-DQ2 and HLA-DQ8 haplotypes. The global prevalence of CD ranges from 0.5% to 1%. Recent advances in diagnostic methods and raising awareness of this disorder have improved detection rates, but many cases remain undiagnosed due to the disease's multifaceted presentation. CD can manifest with a wide range of symptoms, including both gastrointestinal and extraintestinal signs. In smaller children common symptoms include mainly chronic or intermittent abdominal pain, abdominal distension, diarrhea and constipation. Older children and adolescent patients may frequently present atypical, vague symptoms such as fatigue, failure to thrive, weight loss, short stature, behavioral changes and anemia. Diagnosis involves primarily serological tests in patients presenting symptoms or in patients with high-risk of developing CD. A strict gluten-free diet is the principal treatment and it is highly effective in managing symptoms and promoting intestinal healing. In this paper, we will analyze epidemiology of CD, its pathogenesis, heterogeneous clinical presentation, the diagnostic process and treatment based on recent guidelines and literature.
Ella escribe con tinta escarlata: la estética menstrual en la poesía de Cristina Peri Rossi.
Authors: Huang Yunyi
Published: January 2025

La sangre menstrual se destaca en la
obra de Cristina Peri Rossi como una
imagen recurrente y llamativa, dotada de
connotaciones eróticas y transgresoras. En
contra de la percepción androcéntrica de la
menstruación como estigma y defecto, la
escritora uruguaya reconstruye y resignifica la
imagen de la menstruación como un objeto de
fascinación erótica marcado por el exceso y la
exuberancia, un símbolo sagrado de la alianza
femenina basada en la abertura a la alteridad,
un análogo de la escritura femenina que fluye
y se expande sin límites. Reclama lo sagrado
de la sangre menstrual y lo superfluo del
falo en un nuevo imaginario erótico, lésbico,
ginocéntrico e inventa una estética (y ética)
menstrual por la que se puede establecer una
nueva comunidad femenina. A través de la
resignificación de la menstruación, devuelve
a la mujer su propio cuerpo ya descolonizado.
Este artículo busca explorar esta nueva estética
menstrual transgresora en la obra poética de
Cristina Peri Rossi a partir de las nociones de
erotismo, exceso, gasto y abyección.
Opposing Influences of YouTube Influencers: Purchase and Usage Effects in the Video Game Industry
Authors: Li Nan , Haviv Avery , Lovett Mitchell J.
Published: January 2025

Leveraging a natural experiment, Adpocalypse, we show that influencer videos on YouTube substitute game purchases but complement game usage, offering insights for influencer strategy and aligning revenue models.
A Metamodeling Approach for Planning Critical IoT Systems
Authors: Veiga Ernesto , Kudo Taciana , Bulcão-Neto Renato
Published: January 2025

This paper presents a metamodeling approach to address the lack of methodological support in canvas model development, focusing on planning critical IoT systems. We introduce MM4Canvas - a metamodel that provides a solid foundation for developing structured and standardized canvas models, allowing for consistent reuse and extension across diverse project types. A proof of concept was conducted by instantiating a general-purpose canvas model based on MM4Canvas for project planning, aiming to establish a connection between this activity and the Requirements Engineering process. We extended this model to incorporate safety and security requirements for critical IoT systems. Our contribution demonstrates the metamodel’s capacity to support standardization, reuse, and extensibility in canvas-based project planning.
Regresso: uma Ferramenta para Ajuste de Curvas na An´alise de Algoritmos
Authors: Sathler Vinicius , Goulart Jorge , Porto Masquio Bruno , Eust´aquio Duarte Pinto Paulo
Published: January 2025

Este artigo apresenta o Regresso, uma ferramenta web de c´odigo aberto desenvolvida para facilitar a an´alise de complexidade de algoritmos. Utilizando um back-end em Python e um front-end em Angular, a ferramenta permite a an´alise de dados amostrais de execuc¸ ˜ao de algoritmos por meio de m´etodos de regress˜ao n˜ao linear com o fim de oferecer suporte para o ensino de Algoritmos e Estruturas de Dados.
SEASTEADING E ALARGAMENTO DA PLATAFORMA CONTINENTAL BRASILEIRA IMPACTOS AO DESENVOLVIMENTO DE UMA NAÇÃO LIVRE
Authors: Rodrigues Cristino Marcela , Barbosa Pereira Matos Ana Carolina
Published: January 2025

Diante de um projeto de um Instituto Seasteading, em parceria com uma empresa brasileira, de construir um assentamento flutuante ao longo da Cadeia Vitória-Trindade para desenvolver uma nação livre e privada, a 500km da costa do Brasil, e da solicitação do Brasil à Comissão de Levantamento da Plataforma Continental para alargamento da Plataforma Continental brasileira na referida região, verifica-se uma problemática acerca do regime jurídico e dos direitos a serem exercidos no referido espaço marinho, com base nas diretrizes da Convenção das Nações Unidas sobre o Direito do Mar, e de como o Brasil vem se comportando em relação a exploração da Amazônia Azul, adentrando, assim, na problemática, economia azul e industrialização dos oceanos: seasteads x ilhas artificiais na Plataforma Continental brasileira. O objetivo geral é averiguar a atuação do Brasil diante das questões que envolvem o mar e verificar se o País tem se empoderado de toda sua potência. A pesquisa é qualitativa, sendo utilizado o método indutivo e notadamente exploratória, com análise documental e bibliográfica. Por fim, percebe-se relação direta entre o alargamento da Plataforma Continental e a construção assentamentos flutuantes com a economia azul e a industrialização dos oceanos, proporcionando uma maior participação do País em questões que envolvem o mar e a necessidade de uma maior atuação do Brasil para utilizar de toda sua potência marinha e marítima.