bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
MODERNISATION OR DEGRADATION OF THE HISTORICAL DEVELOPMENT OF VILLAGES NORTHOF RUSSIA IN THE ASPECT OF PURSUING SUISTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT
Authors:   Andrzej Frycz Modrzewski Kraków University, Poland, Kurek Jan
Published: November 2022

Russia is a highly diverse country. Two main zones can be distinguished here: the north and the south. A small portion of Russia shows a strong resemblance to the climate and culture of Scandinavia. Unfortunately, the chances of implementing sustainable development in this part of Russia are incomparable. The main reason for this is the outflow of the population from the country around Arkhangelsk to cities. However, the region remains an essential timber supplier. The original model of permanent settlement, has been replaced by mostly seasonal stays, yet many villages in the region have maintained their original nineteenth-century character. Preserving these cultural values requires a rational, long-term strategy and integrated documentation. Certain rescue and developmental patterns can be modelled after Scandinavian experiences. Modernisation efforts should not excessively interfere with the environment and forestry should be rationalised.
GEOMETRIC FORMS IN LANDSCAPE – LIGHTHOUSES
Authors:   Politechnika Warszawska, Poland Wydział Architektury Katedra Projektowania Urbanistycznego i Krajobrazu Wiejskiego, Gomółka Mikołaj
Published: November 2022

The subject of this study is the potential of lighthouses located in the West Pomeranian Voivodeship as a leitmotif for the EuroVelo 10 bicycle trail. The study examined from which places on the trail lighthouses can be seen, marked places where panoramic views of the sea open, and suggested activities that could help improve the exposure of lighthouses from the perspective of the trail. It was found that 6 of the 7 surveyed objects are already visible, in some form, from the trail. It was concluded that lighthouse objects are already or could become valuable landmarks for EuroVelo 10 route, but it should be considered how to maintain continuity of visual experience on the sections between lighthouses.
Pengembangan Multimedia (SIJARANG) pada Mata Pelajaran Administrasi Infrastruktur Jaringan Kelas XI di SMK Dian Indonesia Sidoarjo
Authors: Astuti Cindy Cahyaning , Rizkidayanti Anisa Safira , Wiguna Akbar
Published: November 2022

Penelitian ini dikembangkan untuk meningkatkan hasil belajar peserta didik yang dilatar belakangi oleh kurangnya sumber belajar dan inovasi media pembelajaran dalam dalam proses pembelajaran. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah (1) Mengembangkan multimedia (SIJARANG) pada mata pelajaran administrasi infrastruktur jaringan kelas XI di SMK Dian Indonesia Sidoarjo, (2) Mengetahui kelayakan multimedia (SIJARANG) berdasar Articulate Storyline pada materi administrasi infrastruktur jaringan kelas XI di SMK Dian Indonesia Sidoarjo melalui pandangan validasi dari ahli materi, ahli media dan uji coba peserta didik. Pengembangan ini menggunakan model penelitian (RD). Model pengembangan yang dikembangkan menggunakan model 4-D. Penelitian dilakukan di SMK Dian Indonesia Sidoarjo. Hasil dari penelitian ini adalah media pembelajaran (SIJARANG) berbasis Articulate Storyline dengan perolehan presentase validasi ahli media sebesar 90% , hasil validasi ahli materi sejumlah 90%, dan penilaian dari subjek uji coba sebanyak 89,6% dengan kategori “Sangat Layak”. Dari penelitian tersebut dapat ditetapkan bahwa multimedia berbasis Articulate Storyline mata pelajaran administrasi infrastruktur jaringan di SMK Dian Indonesia Sidoarjo dinyatakan layak digunakan dalam pembelajaran.
REDESIGN OF SEWING OPERATOR SEAT USING REVERSE ENGINEERING METHOD
Authors: Hidayat Hidayat
Published: November 2022

We often see that many of the chairs that tailor tend to have a long shape and the width of the seat is quite narrow. The problem of working attitude faced by the sewing machine while running from a non-ergonomic work chair is the attitude of forced labor such as: lifting the operator up, and lifting the shoulder. If the ergonomic problem is not corrected, it will certainly give an excessive burden, musculoskeletal complaints which will be followed by a decrease in the level of work productivity. Therefore, it is necessary to conduct research in an effort to overcome the problems that arise. For this purpose, research was conducted on the Development and Design of Sewing Operator Chairs Using the Reverse Engineering Method. The number of research samples taken were 26 operators. In this study, it was found that there were 5 parts of the operator's seat that were repaired, namely in the seat connection, seat support mat, backrest, seat mat, and frame. And for the Popliteal Length percentile data at the 50th percentile, Hip width using the 95th percentile, Popliteal height using the 50th percentile.
Static Loading Analysis of Chips Chopper Machine Design with Feeder Spring Addition
Authors: Arifin Agus Choirul , Bisono Rahayu Mekar , Rezika Wida
Published: November 2022

This study aims to design an assorted chip chopper that can cut various kinds of raw materials for making chips such as cassava, sweet potato, taro and so on. Product design is important to carry out the production process. Product design helps estimate and analyze requirements with more accurate results than without doing this process. The design in this study was carried out using the Solidworks 2020 software. The dimensions of the machine obtained from the design results were 330 mm long, 330 mm wide, and 285 mm high with a mass of 1.59 kg. The novelty of the design that has been made is the addition of a feeding spring, so that the material input process is more stable and safer. Feeding springs can also improve the quality of the cut. In addition to making the design, a simulation of the calculation of the maximum von Mises value is also carried out with the aim of knowing the safety factor of the design that has been made. From the simulation results, the maximum von Mises Stress value of Force 1 is 1,470 MPa, and Force 2 is 9,846 MPa. This value is obtained from the provision of Force 1 32.49758 and Force 2 18.718. This value is far below the yield strength of the material (250 MPa) so it can be concluded that the design is safe to proceed to the production process.
A Thermal Profile across the Idaho-Montana Fold-Thrust Belt Reveals a Low-Relief Orogenic Wedge That Developed atop a Pre-Orogenic Basement High
Authors: Parker Stuart D. , Pearson David M. , Finzel Emily S.
Published: November 2022

Growing orogenic wedges cool rocks during exhumation of thrust hanging walls and heat them during burial of footwalls, leaving behind a resilient thermal record of earlier deformation in fold-thrust belts. In order to investigate early burial of deformed strata within the retroarc Idaho-Montana fold-thrust belt, we use Raman spectroscopy of carbonaceous material to construct a maximum temperature profile that constrains the thicknesses of eroded rocks structurally above the Lemhi arch, a pre-thrusting basement high. In the eastern portion of the study area, a sharp maximum temperature change of ~120°C occurs across the Johnson thrust, signifying that regional burial and heating predated late-stage faulting. West of here, cumulative exhumation is irregular, varying by up to 5 km over large (~75 km) wavelength folds; however, maximum temperatures in this same region are consistently ~200°C higher than correlative stratigraphic units in the adjacent foreland. The pre-thrusting, low-relief unconformity above the Lemhi arch, which served as the early décollement to the fold-thrust belt, was everywhere buried to at least ~6.5 km depth, which is ~1.5-5.0 km deeper than can be explained by stratigraphic burial. We hypothesize that between ~145 and 80 Ma, a combination of Cretaceous deposition and folding and thrusting at higher structural levels buried the décollement of the Medicine Lodge-McKenzie thrust system to this depth. These results suggest that the early orogenic wedge had exceptionally low taper. We propose that thin strata over the low-relief Lemhi arch limited the availability of potential décollements, which restricted the maximum surface slope that could be constructed in a thin-skinned system. Subsequent growth of the orogenic wedge required activation of a much deeper décollement and a switch to a thick-skinned structural style, promoting a shift from burial to exhumation of the former décollement and the underlying Lemhi arch. This suggests that the growth of an orogenic wedge is dependent on the thicknesses of the preexisting strata and the availability of potential décollements, with sedimentation and burial heating potentially playing a key role.
La conservación de los humedales peruanos: un análisis de su legislación, sanciones y sus consecuencias
Authors:   , Toledo Castillo Sheyla Angelica
Published: November 2022

Los humedales son ecosistemas valiosos a nivel mundial, principalmente por la provisión de servicios ecosistémicos. En el Perú estos ecosistemas cuentan con una normativa que ha venido funcionando los últimos 60 años, pero hasta la fecha no se ha hecho una evaluación crítica de la misma. El presente trabajo compila y analiza la normativa relacionada a los humedales peruanos, evaluando sus sanciones y su coherencia con los sistemas legales de protección de estas áreas. Como resultado, se encontraron 44 documentos repartidos en leyes (13), decretos (11), resoluciones (8), estrategias (6), reglamentos (3), protocolo (1), declaración (1) y la constitución. El 85% de los documentos (37) no presentan sanción; siete tuvieron una sanción. Estos últimos sancionan la contaminación (4 documentos), la sobreexplotación del recurso (3), la mala gestión (3), la acumulación de escombros (1), la presencia de desagües (1), así como impactos que se utilizan para evaluar el estado de conservación en áreas protegidas como contaminación (7), sobre uso de recursos (4), desplazamiento de especies nativas por introducción de especies exóticas (3) y la pérdida de hábitat (2). Se discute la evolución de los documentos, las sanciones que brindan y se reconoce la necesidad de fortalecer los aspectos reglamentarios y plantear estrategias de forma conjunta con las autoridades encargadas y la población.
Plan de negocio para la comercialización de ropas antialérgicas y accesorios para canes en Lima moderna
Authors:   , Carbajal Rengifo Janinna , Cashu Ramirez Edson Ronaldo , Garcia Castro Javier Manuel , Tavara Calderon Gladys Dyanira , Tello Capella Maria Altemira
Published: November 2022

El reciente propósito de negocios tiene como objetivo la creación de una empresa física y virtual de comercialización, ofreciendo 2 productos que benefician a las mascotas de los hogares en especial a los canes, nos enfocamos en ropas antialérgicas 100 % algodón en diferentes tamaños como XS, S, Y M; y en accesorios que complementan el cuidado de las mascotas. Para el lanzamiento de nuestro plan de negocio realizamos un estudio de mercado enfocándonos en Lima moderna, los mismos que buscan calidad, confort y productos que brinden beneficios adicionales para sus mascotas, con el objetivo de ofrecer al público una opción novedosa y personalizada de buena calidad. Al tratarse de un producto que ofrece ropas con telas 100 % algodón de buena calidad que no dañe la piel de los canes, el proyecto se convierte en una opción viable y que puede salir a competir en el mercado local. Desarrollaremos diferentes estrategias tomando como referencia el comportamiento de compra de los consumidores, para captar la atención y llegar a más clientes, teniendo en cuenta que la tecnología es una herramienta básica para todo negocio, nos centraremos en las plataformas virtuales para la publicidad y promoción que realizaremos, obteniendo el reconocimiento y posicionamiento del mercado objetivo. En el área de operaciones tenemos como objetivo producir mensualmente 60 prendas de diferentes tallas y 40 accesorios, cumpliendo con nuestras obligaciones, entre costos fijos y variables incluyendo proveedores. Finalizamos con la elaboración del plan financiero donde se puede observar mediante los indicadores financieros que el proyecto es viable, la financiación del negocio se realizó con un 50 % de aportaciones de los socios y 50 % por una entidad financiera para cubrir todos los costos requeridos y este proyecto se lleve a cabo.
Nuevas tecnologías en radiología bucal como ayuda diagnóstica de la Displasia Fibrosa Monostótica: una revisión de la literatura
Authors:   , Torrico Acha Ximena
Published: November 2022

La displasia fibrosa monostótica es una lesión benigna, asintomática que afecta solo a un hueso, el cuál es remplazado por tejido conectivo amorfo que clínicamente se evidencia como un aumento de volumen de la zona afectada e imagenológicamente se observa una zona radiopaca de límites difusos no corticalizados capaz de expandir estructuras vecinas que histológicamente se evidencia como un grupo de letras de origen chino. La lesión se observa como una imagen radiopaca de límites difusos ya sea en una radiografía convencional o digital, en una tomografía computarizada de haz cónico se evidencia la localización exacta y la extensión de una imagen isodensa, mixta o hiperdensa de bordes no corticalizados, también se recurre a la resonancia magnética cuando la lesión compromete tejidos blandos o algún nervio y para poder observar la calidad de hueso de forma sistémica se recurre a la gammagrafía ósea. El objetivo de este artículo fue describir las nuevas tecnologías en radiología bucal en cuanto al diagnóstico de displasia fibrosa monostótica se refiere y difundir su importancia en la identificación de los métodos imagenológicos actuales que al emplearlos de manera secuencial nos ayuda con un mejor diagnóstico, abarcando desde una radiografía convencional hasta una gammagrafía ósea, proporcionando imágenes de mayor calidad, nitidez y mejor precisión con técnicas menos invasivas hacia el paciente, por lo que una recopilación de la información mediante revisión de la literatura al respecto permitirá al profesional odontólogo obtener conocimiento optimo acerca de las características clínicas e imagenológicas.
Automatización de la gestión de insumos para el control de mantenimiento del parque automotriz de la empresa Inversiones La Económica, 2021
Authors:   , Inga Obregon Pedro Pablo , Orejon Pino Oscar
Published: November 2022

Se demostró que la implementación automatización de la gestión de insumos para el control de mantenimiento del parque automotriz de la empresa inversiones la económica, 2021. La metodología para esta investigación fue con un enfoque cuantitativo, de tipo aplicado, pre-experimental, con corte longitudinal. La muestra estuvo conformada por un grupo de 25 automóviles. El instrumento fue validado mediante juicio de expertos, con una confiabilidad explicada por test y retest, un coeficiente de 0.726 y en el post-test de 0.743, estableciendo un grado de fiabilidad para ambos casos. Los resultados fueron probados mediante la prueba de T para muestras independientes, permitiendo concluir que la implementación fue una solución de impacto positivo, mejorando el mantenimiento del parque automotriz de la empresa.
Beneficios en el uso de la piel de Tilapia en pacientes con quemaduras de primer y segundo grado: revisión sistemática
Authors:   , Orozco Alama Elizabeth Esther , Sierra Allcca Ariana Yorleni
Published: November 2022

Objetivo: Conocer los beneficios de la piel de Tilapia en pacientes con quemaduras de primer y segundo grado. Métodos: Revisión sistemática de artículos de revisión que evaluaron los beneficios del uso de la piel del pez tilapia como tratamiento en pacientes con quemaduras. Los artículos se identificaron a través de la búsqueda automatizada en la base de datos de los sistemas referativos PubMed (Medline), Lilacs, Cochrane Controlled Register Of Trials (CENTRAL), Scopus. Se utilizó la herramienta de colaboración Cochrane para evaluar riesgo de sesgo de los artículos seleccionados para el análisis de esta revisión sistemática. Resultados: Se identificaron 56 artículos de investigación, de los cuales 19 fueron eliminados por encontrarse duplicados, obteniendo un total de 37 estudios. De estos se eliminaron los artículos que no cumplían con nuestros criterios de inclusión. Incluyendo sólo cinco artículos para el análisis. Estos abordaron una población con quemaduras en piel. Se evaluaron los desenlaces más importantes como el número de días hasta la reepitelización completa, la ingesta de analgésicos y anestésicos, y el número de apósitos utilizados a lo largo del tratamiento. Al evaluar los artículos mediante la herramienta de colaboración Cochrane resultó que, los artículos presentaron “bajo riesgo” de sesgo en el dominio de sesgo selección, también presentaron “alto riego” de sesgo respecto al dominio de riesgo de sesgo de realización y detección; en todos los artículos abordaron todos los desenlaces que se habían planteado al inicio, por ende, se obtuvo “bajo riesgo” de sesgo en el dominio de desgaste. Mientras que, se obtuvo “riesgo poco claro” de sesgo en el dominio de notificación. Por último, se obtuvo “riesgo bajo” de sesgo en el dominio de riesgo de otros sesgos, ya que a la revisión los artículos están libres de otras fuentes de sesgos...
Geochemistry of natural waters of the Kastropol Tract (Southern Coast of the Crimean Peninsula)
Authors:   Novosibirsk State University, MAKSIMOVA Anastasia , NOVIKOV Dmitry ,   Novosibirsk State University, KHVACSHEVSKAYA Albina ,   National Research Tomsk Polytechnic University, KOROSTELEV Mikhail ,   SUE RK «Vodokanal South Coast»
Published: November 2022

This paper presents the results of complex hydro-geochemical studies of the natural waters of the Kastropol tract. It was found that the studied waters are characterized mainly by HCO3 Ca and HCO3 Mg-Ca composition with a total mineralization value varying in the range from 220 to 2306 mg/dm3 and a silicon content from 0.78 to 6.08 mg/dm3 . It was revealed that the geochemical parameters of the medium vary from reducing to oxidizing with Eh -146.6 – +275.9 mV, pH 7.4 – 8.5 and O2 content of 1.80 – 7.73 mg/dm3 . It is determined that B, Br, I, Re and Au accumulate in the waters. In solution, Li, B, Sr, Re and Au have a very strong migration ability. The state of equilibrium of the studied waters with respect to carbonate (calcite and dolomite) and alumine silicate minerals (gibbsite and kaolinite) was revealed. It is established that the studied waters belong to the aluminum-siliceous type and characterize the monosiallite geochemical type of weathering. The controlling factors for achieving equilibrium with respect to kaolinite are the contents of aluminum, silicon and the pH of the medium in the solution.
The Dynamic Marker-Based Production Profile Surveillance in Horizontal and Multilateral Wells at the North Caspian Offshore Fields
Authors: Husein Nadir , Malyavko Evgeny , Gazizov Ruslan , Bydzan Andrei , Kapranov Grigory , Gorbokonenko Oksana
Published: November 2022

During the well operation, it is important to monitor the current state of production on an ongoing basis, identify water or gas breakthroughs, analyze the reservoir depletion, and predict the well operation parameters. Production logging is a key stage of the efficient field development management.

This paper presents for the first time the results of the three-phase well surveillance on the North Caspian shelf. The specific features of the wells being studied are the presence of a motherbore and sidetracks as well as a multi-phase flow. The purpose of the studies was to acquire information on the actual inflow profile distribution and its composition, borehole contribution ratio, as well as water and gas breakthroughs in the boreholes of the wells in question based on the results of the long-term production surveillance using the innovative technology – markers for the oil, water and gas inflow.

The collected data improve the quality of technological decision-making, which further contributes to enhanced hydrocarbon recovery and reduces operating costs. The paper presents the accumulated experience in conducting the studies of horizontal and multilateral wells at the North Caspian offshore fields.
Application and Practice of Integrated Sand Control Technology in Shallow Heavy Oil Reservoirs in Kazakhstan
Authors: Tao Ye , Chen Jianhua , Liu Jianjun
Published: November 2022

Sand production of the oil well will cause a series of additional works, such as formation damage, underground machine ground equipment damage, workover operation and sand clearing construction of the storage and transportation system, which will increase the production cost and reduce the production rate, so it has always been a bottleneck problem facing the loose sandstone reservoir. The K oilfield is a typical shallow sandstone and heavy oil reservoir in Kazakhstan, which has been facing the problem of sand production. With the decline of the cumulative injection to production ratio and the decrease of the formation pressure, the problem of sand production shows a trend of increasing year by year, which has long-term negative impacts on development and production of the reservoir.

This paper systematically summarizes the technical exploration and practice of K oilfield in sand control, sand discharging and sand cleaning, and forms different supporting modes and methods for CHOPS, pre-completion sand control, sand prevention of production well and the well workover operation.
A Set of Options for Stimulation of Wells
Authors: Isaev Anatoliy Andreevich , Takhautdinov Rustem Shafagatovich , Malykhin Vladimir Ivanovich , Sharifullin Almaz Amirzyanovich , Aliev Mekhrali Mirzaliogly
Published: November 2022

The most effective well interventions employed by Shehsmaoil Management Company LLC (Republic of Tatarstan, Russia) are the following [1-4]:

– hydraulic fracturing (HF), – forced gas extraction unit from a wellbore annulus.

The article addresses the issues of increasing recoverable reserves of oil, oil recovery factor, speeding up development, improving the profitability of deposits and fields (with carbonate deposits) as a whole through the introduction of proppant fracturing technology (PHF), multistage fracturing in wells with horizontal endings, drilling a compact grid of wells with subsequent fracturing. It is indicated that optimization of PHF (transition to hybrid hydraulic fracturing) by combining low-viscosity and cross-linked fluids depending on the performance during test injections made it possible to stabilize product's water cut, increase well productivity in terms of oil and stabilize oil recovery reduction rate.

All relevant operations are implemented by three functioning hydraulic fracturing fleets operated that uses the equipment mounted on all-terrain chassis. The paper reviews and summarizes the application results of various fracturing fluid systems: borate-crosslinked guar fluids, Bioxan modified natural polysaccharide, fluids based on fresh water or viscoelastic surfactants, guar-free low-viscosity and high-viscosity water-based polymer systems, synthetic gelling agent. All the described systems feature the required sand trapping properties, so it is the price of the systems that determines the best choice.

The article considers a portable set of equipment for forced extraction of gas from the wellbore annulus and its subsequent pumping into the oil pipeline by means of gas extraction sets of the KOGS type.

In the conditions of shallow fields with hard-to-recover reserves the Company specialists encounter the challenge of increasing the profitability of development. The main reserves of the fields under consideration are confined to carbonate targets, and the reserves of deposits of the Kizelovsky gorizont of the Tournaisian stage occupy a considerable place by their quantity. Development of this object is mainly complicated by the following factors: complex geological structure, viscous, heavy and resinous oil, low reservoir temperatures and pressures. For the reasons of low efficiency of classical development systems, systems of reservoir pressure increase, it is necessary to develop, test, introduce new methods of intensification, new elements of development - compaction of well grid, horizontal wells (HW) with the following multistage fracturing. The fields considered in the article are tectonically controlled by the Western slope of South Tatar arch and Eastern edge of Melekesskaya depression, territorially located in Tatarstan.
Managed Pressure Drilling and Managed Pressure Cementing: First Successful Implementation of Advanced Technologies for Unique Wells with Constant Inflow in Slim Drill Project
Authors: Kaidarov Almas , Magda Andrey , Samarin Andrey , Aliyev Fuad , Kazakbayeva Zhanna
Published: November 2022

While drilling well in the Pre-Caspian basin, a presumably technogenic nature zone of influx was exposed, which did not fit into the model of the geological structure of the section. Attempts of influx management were unsuccessful. The well had to be abandoned without reaching the target. This article describes the experience of Managed Pressure Drilling and Cementing technologies deployment, process features and equipment hookup in unconventional wellhead configuration and Slim Drill type of rig.

Application of MPD technology made reaching target depth successful in the condition of constant water influx. Drilling proceeded in complicated geological conditions: simultaneous crossflow between influx and losses zones, as well as drilling mud gradual replacement by formation fluid. Bottomhole pressure was controlled by Surface Back Pressure made by MPD choke and sealed wellhead using a Rotary Control Device (RCD). The compact set of MPD equipment was rigged up as ergonomically as possible due to space restriction of slim hole drilling techniques.

The MPD technology made it possible to complete the construction of the section without curing losses and weighting the drilling fluid up to control technogenic influx, safely and effectively control bottomhole pressure and achieve geological targets. MPD tests were performed at various depths to determine formation pressure and formation integrity, which made it possible to determine the drilling window for successful construction of the section. After finishing drilling, a pull out of hole and well logging was carried out in an open hole on a drilling pipe with pressure control, which was previously impossible due to the high intensity of influx.

Running 4-1/2" (114 mm) casing with pressure control, as well as cementing in MPC mode were applied. The surface backpressure was gradually reduced during cementing as heavy cement was pumped to minimize the risk of cement loss while controlling formation fluid influx. As a result, cement was lifted through the annulus to the wellhead, which finally eliminate the complication associated with the presence of incompatible zones of loss and influx, and to eliminate behind-the-casing flows. The economic feasibility of well construction was maintained by set of equipment adapted to non-standard conditions The first application of MPD technology on the Slim Drill (small-sized drilling rig) project successfully revitalized previously abandoned well. It shows the validity of using MPD technology by the help of optimized set of equipment. The work reveals broad prospects for replication on a previously inaccessible wells due to economic reasons.
The Concept of Large-Scale Blue Hydrogen Production in West Kazakhstan
Authors: Abuov Yerdaulet , Dauletbakov Didar , Zhakupov Daulet , Suleimenova Botakoz , Zholdayakova Saule
Published: November 2022

The challenge of meeting ever-pressing energy demand and reducing GHG emissions presents a significant challenge. One of the recent trends in the energy transition is hydrogen, which is experiencing unseen support from various stakeholders. Hydrogen roadmaps and net-zero strategies announced by governments and companies indicate that demand for low-carbon hydrogen will increase significantly. Therefore, it is essential to establish a reliable supply of low-carbon hydrogen. In our previous work, we have shown that Kazakhstan is located between the two largest hydrogen markets - China and Europe. Natural gas can be a feedstock material for low-carbon hydrogen, which is also known as blue hydrogen.

Kazakhstan holds the 16th largest natural gas reserves in the world. Nevertheless, finding feedstock natural gas for hydrogen in Kazakhstan can be challenging. In 2020, the gross natural gas production in Kazakhstan reached 55.1 bcm of natural gas of which 34.8 bcm and 20.3 bcm are commercial and reinjected volumes, respectively. Commercial volumes are tightly used for rising domestic market and export. Reinjection volumes are also tightly used to maintain the production of oil in the largest hydrogen reservoirs of the country - Tengiz, Kashagan and Karachaganak.

In our work, we propose an approach to use reinjected gas volumes for large-scale hydrogen production while keeping the oil production targets in the largest fields as before. CO2 emissions resulting from the hydrogen production would be used to replace currently reinjected natural gas in maintaining reservoir pressure. CO2 can decrease the viscosity of the reservoir fluid, thus enhancing oil recovery (EOR). This work presents the viability of the concept in the example of the Kashagan field by showing the material balance of both surface and subsurface processes. Several development scenarios were which also involved coproduction of elemental sulfur and methanol. Blue hydrogen production was modeled in Aspen Hysys v12.1.
Intentional Travel Groups and Social Networks during the COVID-19 Pandemic
Authors: Zhou Mingzhi , Lei Shuyu , Wu Jiangyue , Ma Hanxi , Levinson David , Zhou Jiangping
Published: November 2022

Although face-to-face social contact decreased during the COVID-19 pandemic, some people remained active in traveling and physically meeting as a group to gain benefits like sustaining intimacy and increasing productivity. These group-based activities indicate the necessity of some essential physical meetings despite high risks of virus infection from physical contact amid the pandemic. To balance the benefits of these meetings with the risks and consequences of infection, more should be done to understand the characteristics of physical social contacts and interactions before and amid the pandemic. Using multiday continuous smartcard data, we identify patterns of intentional group travel in the Hong Kong Metro system. These patterns serve as our proxies for physical (visible) interactions and social (invisible) contact networks among people who intentionally travel as a group (ITG). We measure the spatial centrality of ITGs and persistent group riders (PGRs), a subset of ITGs remaining active amid the pandemic, to infer social interactions among metro riders across different locales. By examining the social network formed by the ITG members across time, we found that its size and interconnections varied during the pandemic, and PGR members might be influential vertices in maintaining the networks’ topological properties. The findings could facilitate transit-usage-and-virus-spread modeling and the formulation of more effective pandemic countermeasures in transit-reliant cities.
High expression of YTHDF1 predicts worse survival of patients with hepatocellular carcinoma within the Milan criteria
Authors: Chen Bin , An Tailai , Wang Yan , Li Xinming , Sun Xinfeng , Sheng Cuiyun , Xie Zonggui , Quan Xianyue
Published: November 2022

Background
The prognostic significance of YTHDF1 among patients with HCC within the Milan criteria has not been fully investigated. The present study was performed to identify its prognostic significance of YTHDF1 among patients with hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) within the Milan criteria.
Methods
The expression levels of YTHDF1 in HCC and normal tissues were initially assessed by analyzing the data extracted from The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) and Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) database. Then we performed immunohistochemical staining to further evaluate its expression levels in HCC. Univariate and multivariate Cox regression analyses were accomplished to identify the independent prognostic factors for patients with HCC within the Milan criteria.
Results
According to bioinformatics analysis, YTHDF1 was significantly upregulated in HCC compared with normal liver tissues. It was then revealed that YTHDF1 expression was significantly associated with tumor number (P = 0.019), tumor size (P = 0.036), and microvascular invasion (MVI) (P = 0.033). Through univariate and multivariate Cox regression analysis, it was demonstrated that along with tumor size (P = 0.012, HR = 2.725, 95%CI 1.249–5.946) and MVI (P < 0.001, HR = 3.494, 95%CI 1.919–6.363), high expression of YTHDF1 was an independent predictive factor for overall survival (OS) (P = 0.032, HR = 1.995, 95%CI 1.060–3.755) of patients with HCC within the Milan criteria. Similarly, high YTHDF1 expression was also proven as an independent predictive factor for recurrence-free survival (RFS) (P = 0.037, HR = 1.645, 95%CI 1.030–2.627) of patients with HCC within the Milan criteria.
Conclusions
YTHDF1 is significantly up-regulated in HCC and its high expression is significantly associated with worse OS and RFS of patients with HCC within the Milan criteria.
Benefit-sharing in International Law Post-2020 Global Biodiversity Framework and reciprocity
Authors: Sirakaya Aysegül
Published: November 2022

Benefit-sharing is a twofold concept that appears both in the realm of human rights law and environmental law. This is because the achievement of many human rights objectives such as those listed under the UN Sustainable Development Goals inherently depends on the maintenance of a healthy environment (A/HRC/19/34, A/RES/70/1). The lack of achievement related to environmental objectives can therefore jeopardize the achievement of human rights objectives. The Special Rapporteur on the issue of human rights obligations relating to the enjoyment of a safe, clean, healthy, and sustainable environment states that the “enormous problem is that [biodiversity agreements] have often not been effectively implemented and their goals have not been met.” (A/HRC/31/52) Consequently, the provenance and prevalence of benefit-sharing in international law need analysis from both the human rights and the environmental law perspectives as they are interdependent. This paper initiates a holistic study on benefit-sharing in international law by exploring its application in the Global Biodiversity Framework through interconnected principles of human rights and environmental law, theory of change, rights-based-approach, and intergenerational equity. The paper argues the need for this approach in order for international law to catch up with the paradigm shift the much-needed transformative change requires.
An Injectable Engineered Cartilage Gel Improves Intervertebral Disc Repair in a Rat Nucleotomy Model
Authors: Bhujel Basanta , Yang Soon Shim , Kim Hwal Ran , Kim Sung Bum , Min Byoung-Hyun , Choi Byung Hyune , Han Inbo
Published: November 2022

Background: Lower back pain is a major problem caused by intervertebral disc degeneration, resulting in a significant burden on individuals and society. A common surgical procedure is lumbar partial discectomy (excision of the herniated disc causing nerve root compression) results in further disc degeneration, leading to severe lower back pain and disability after discectomy. Thus, the development of disc regenerative therapies for patients who require lumbar partial discectomy is crucial. This study aimed to restore the intervertebral disc structure and functions by utilizing injectable engineered cartilage gel.
Methods: We investigated the effectiveness of an engineered cartilage gel utilizing human fetal cartilage-derived progenitor cells (hFCPCs) on intervertebral disc repair in a rat tail nucleotomy model. Eight-week-old female Sprague-Dawley rats were randomized into three groups to undergo intradiscal injection of (1) cartilage gel, (2) hFCPCs, or (3) decellularized extracellular matrix (ECM) (n=10/each group). The treatment materials were injected immediately after nucleotomy of the coccygeal discs. The coccygeal discs were removed 6 weeks after implantation for radiologic and histological analysis.
Results: Implantation of the cartilage gel promoted degenerative disc repair compared to hFCPCs or hFCPC-derived ECM by increasing the cellularity and matrix integrity, promoting reconstruction of the nucleus pulposus, restoring disc hydration, and downregulating inflammatory cytokines and pain.
Conclusions: Our results demonstrate that injectable engineered cartilage gel has higher therapeutic potential than its cellular or ECM component alone, and support further translation to large animal models and human subjects. In the future, simple intradiscal injections of injectable engineered cartilage gel may be an effective treatment option without any scaffolds or growth factors for intervertebral disc degeneration diseases.
Attribute Reduction Method Based on Binary Sparrow Search Algorithm and Neighborhood Rough Set
Authors: Li Meixuan , Liu Wei , Yan Chun , Zhang Mengchao
Published: November 2022

In this paper, an attribute reduction algorithm of neighborhood rough set based on variable precision is proposed, and the lower approximate calculation formula is redefined, which solves the shortcomings of traditional neighborhood rough set, such as fault tolerance and weak noise resistance. Considering that the traditional attribute reduction algorithm is serial search, it is easy to fall into the local optimal solution. Therefore, this paper proposes to combine intelligent optimization algorithm with neighborhood rough set. On the basis of the excellent performance of continuous sparrow search algorithm (SSA), a binary sparrow algorithm (BSSA) is proposed to solve the binary discrete problem, which is used to solve the optimal combination of attributes. In this paper, according to the definition of positive region monotonicity, distance matrix is introduced. For the positive region sample in a single attribute, it can be omitted in the subsequent calculation, and the calculation of positive region is transformed into the form of adding several matrices, which provides an effective method to solve positive region for variable precision neighborhood rough set. Finally, five UCI standard data sets were used as experimental objects to compare with other 4 attribute reduction algorithms. The experimental results show that both the number of attribute parsimony and the accuracy of classification, the proposed algorithm shows a strong advantage.
A systematic scoping review of medicine availability and affordability in Africa
Authors: Lane Jeff , Nakambale Hilma , Kadakia Asha , Dambisya Yoswa , Stergachis Andy , Odoch Walter Denis
Published: November 2022

Background. Access to safe, effective, quality and affordable essential medicines has become a key agenda at national and international levels following the adoption of the Sustainable Development Goals (SDG). This agenda is especially important in African countries where numerous studies have found high levels of medicine unavailability and unaffordability. In 2003, the World Health Organization (WHO)/ Health Action International (HAI) published a manual for assessing medicine availability and affordability. To date, there has not been a systematic study appraising medicine affordability and availability studies in the Africa region that identifies the methodologies and measures used to measure and monitor progress.
Methods. We conducted a systematic scoping review of studies assessing medicine availability or affordability conducted in the WHO Africa region in the years 2009-2021.
Results. 244 articles met our eligibility criteria. A majority (87%) of the articles reported descriptive studies, while 11% reported interventional studies. More than two-thirds (68%) reported studies conducted in four countries in eastern Africa. The most commonly studied medicines were antiparasitic and anti-bacterial medicines. The most commonly used measures of medicine availability were whether a medicine was in stock on the date of a survey, whether stockouts occurred during a particular period, whether a medicine was on a stock list, amount of stock available, respondent self-reported availability and prescription refill data. Of the 59 articles that included affordability measures, 39 compared the price of the medicine to the daily wage of the lowest paid government worker. Other affordability measures were patient self-reported affordability, capacity to pay based on individual income and expenses, and comparing medicines prices with a population-level income standard (such as minimum wage, poverty line, or per capita income).
Conclusion. Our results indicate substantial adoption of the medicine availability and affordability assessment methodology recommended by WHO/HAI, but also revealed a promising set of alternative methods and measures. Our review also indicated a need for greater focus on medicines for certain non-communicable diseases, including anti-neoplastics, greater geographic diversity in the countries where these studies are conducted, and more interventional studies to identify interventions for improving access to medicines in the region.
Extraction of tidal wetland from remote sensing image based on spatio-temporal data fusion algorithm
Authors: Wang Zhicheng , Jiang Xiaopeng , Gao Zhiqiang
Published: November 2022

Due to the influence of the temporal resolution and clouds on remote sensing images, it is difficult for traditional remote sensing based methods to obtain remote sensing image corresponding to the lowest tide, which can result in an inaccurate extraction of tidal wetlands from remote sensing images. To deal with this deficiency, in this study, we proposed to extract tidal wetlands by using spatio-temporal data fusion algorithm. And then we compared the performance of three typical spatio-temporal data fusion algorithms —— Spatial and Temporal Adaptive Reflectance Fusion Model (STARFM), Flexible Spatiotemporal DAta Fusion model (FSDAF) and GAN-based Spatio-Temporal Fusion Model (GANSTFM) —— in the extraction of tidal wetlands. Finally, the most suitable spatio-temporal data fusion algorithm in extracting large-scale and long time series tidal wetlands was selected. Our study had three main results: (1) Fusion images reflected the spatial distribution of tidal wetlands well; GANSTFM was the best and FSDAF algorithm ranked the second in extracting tidal wetlands. (2) The tidal wetland extraction results from different fusion images were in good agreement with the reference result, and the overall accuracies of extraction results were greater than 94%. (3) Considering the calculation amount, required amount of input data and the accuracy of the result, we selected FSDAF algorithm as the most suitable spatio-temporal data fusion algorithm used to extract large-scale and long time series tidal wetlands. The proposed method can sever as a reliable method to conduct extraction of large-scale and long time series tidal wetlands.
Clinical characteristics and therapeutic strategy of Granulomatous mastitis accompanied by Corynebacterium kroppenstedtii —— a retrospective cohort study
Authors: Li Shunbo , Huang Qian , Song PeiPei , Han XiaoRong , Liu ZeYu , Zhou Lin , Ning Ping
Published: November 2022

Background: More and more evidences have suggested that Corynebacterium kroppenstedtii is associated with some cases of granulomatous mastitis, mostly based on pathology or microbiology. We aimed to find the clinical characteristics and treatment regimens for granulomatous mastitis with Corynebacterium kroppenstedtii infection. Understanding these clinical features is essential for patient care.
Methods: We retrospectively collected 201 patients who were diagnosed as granulomatous mastitis pathologically and had microbiological results either Corynebacterium kroppenstedtii or no bacterial growth, recorded and analyzed their demographics and clinical characteristics, clinical outcome.
Results: There were 107 patients in CK group, 94 patients in negative group. Sinus formation (x2=13.028, p=0.000), time to complete remission at the first treatment periods (Z=-3.027, p=0.002), diameter of breast mass at first-time medical consultancy (Z=-2.539, p=0.011) and recurrence (x2=4.953, p=0.026) were statistically significant. Age (Z=-1.046, p=0.295), laterality (x2=4.217, p=0.121), delivery way (x2=0.098, p=0.755), time to presentation since last delivery (x2=0.028, p=0.868), BMI (Z=-0.947, p=0.344), lactating time (Z=-1.378, p=0.168), parity (x2=1.799, p=0.180), gravida (Z=-0.144, p=0.885), history of lactational mastitis or abscess (x2=0.115, p=0.734), local trauma (x2=0.982, p=0.322), hyperprolactinemia (x2=0.706, p=0.401), erythema nodosum (x2=0.292, p=0.589), nipple discharge (x2=0.281, p=0.596) did not demonstrate a statistically significance. As to recurrence related to therapeutic strategy, except for surgery combined with immunosuppressants (x2=9.110, p=0.003) was statistically significant, none of the other treatment regimens reached statistical significance. Recurrence rate of patients in CK group using rifampicin in their treatment course was 22.0% (x2=4.892, p=0.027).
Conclusions: Granulomatous mastitis accompanied by Corynebacterium kroppenstedtii is easier to form sinus and has higher recurrence rate. Both of the clinical characteristics may prove Corynebacterium kroppenstedtii plays an important role in the development and progression of granulomatous mastitis. Lipophilic antibiotics may be essential for GM with Corynebacterium kroppenstedtii infection.