bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Practical 4.7 V solid-state 18650 cylindrical lithium metal batteries with in-situ fabricated localized high-concentration polymer electrolytes
Authors: Song Xingchen , Zhao Ruiqi , Zhu Jie , Zhang Jinping , Xu Nuo , Liu Jie , Liu Yansong , Zhang Hongtao , Ma Yanfeng , Li Chenxi , Chen Yongsheng
Published: January 2025

In-situ fabricated gel polymer electrolytes (GPEs), characterized with superior interfacial properties and large-scale processibility, represent a promising electrolyte system for high-performance lithium metal batteries (LMBs). Herein, we propose an in-situ fabricated high-voltage GPE featuring a localized high-concentration solvation structure (LHCE-GPE). This tailored special solvation structure within polymer matrix promotes the formation of an electrochemically robust electrode–electrolyte interphase. Furthermore, employing LHCE-GPE, Li||Li1.2Ni0.13Co0.13Mn0.54O2 cells operating at 4.8 V demonstrate a high specific capacity of 248 mAh g−1, and 4.5 V Li||LiNi0.8Co0.1Mn0.1O2 cells achieve a remarkable cycling stability over 1000 cycles. Significantly, our LHCE-GPE allows for the operation of practical solid-state 18 650 cylindrical LMBs at 4.7 V and industrial Li-ion batteries at 4.6 V, achieving high energy densities of 250 and 283 Wh kg−1, respectively (excluding packaging), while also demonstrating robust safety during rigorous nail-penetration tests. Our LHCE-GPE design presents a practical and powerful strategy for realizing solid-state LMBs with high energy density and high safety.
Shigellosis in an Urban Slum in Kenya: Risk Factors and Antimicrobial Resistance
Authors: Ongadi Beatrice Atieno , Aziz Asma Binte , Mbae Cecilia Kathure , Mwangi Moses , Kering Kelvin , Khan Ashraful Islam , Nasrin Dilruba , Ngugi Benjamin , Bundi Martin Mwebia , Park Se Eun , Islam Md Taufiqul , Rickett Natasha Y , Ahmmed Faisal , Chowdhury Fahima , Khanam Farhana , Firoj Md Golam , Im Justin , Haile Kassa , Ara Sadia Isfat , Behute Meseret Gebre , Agampodi Suneth , Akter Afroza , Kanungo Suman , Zaman K , Qadri Firdausi , Clemens John D , Kariuki Samuel
Published: January 2025

Background

Shigella spp are among the notable causes of global diarrheal disease and death, accounting for 13.2% of deaths in 2016. Antimicrobial resistance complicates shigellosis management. Understanding local disease epidemiology is crucial for developing effective preventive strategies, including vaccine use.

Methods

We investigated antimicrobial resistance, risk factors (socioeconomic, behavioral, and water, sanitation and hygiene (WaSH), and clinical characteristics of Shigella diarrhea in Mukuru informal settlement and surrounding villages in Nairobi, Kenya. Patients presenting with diarrhea, fever, or both in treatment centers had stool or rectal swab samples cultured, and bacteria was identified through biochemical and serologic tests.

Results

The rate of Shigella isolation among the 4689 individuals presenting with diarrhea was 1.4% across all ages, with a similar isolation rate (1.5%) among children <5 years of age. The majority of the Shigella spp (40 [59.7%]) were Shigella flexneri, and the majority of S flexneri (34 of 40 [85%]) were resistant to trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole; however, all were sensitive to amoxicillin-clavulanate, ceftazidime, ceftriaxone, and cefpodoxime. The rate of multidrug resistance was higher in Shigella sonnei (13 [48.1%]) than in S flexneri (3 [7.5%]). Shigella positivity was associated with bloody diarrhea, severe/moderate dehydration, coated tongue, and high fever. Consumption of street food was also associated with Shigella diarrhea.

Conclusions

Despite low prevalence, shigellosis still poses a significant burden of diarrheal disease, warranting future incidence studies. First-line antibiotics against Shigella remain effective, but intermediate resistance to azithromycin and ciprofloxacin is a concerning trend. Improving household food preparation and handling could potentially reduce Shigella infections.
Biting off more than you can chew: a rare case of hyperparathyroidism jaw tumour syndrome
Authors: Hollow Breanna L , Chin George
Published: January 2025

Hyperparathyroidism Jaw Tumour Syndrome (HPT-JT) is a rare autosomal dominant disorder within the familial hyperparathyroidism group. Individuals with the disorder carry a CDC73 gene mutation that predisposes them to early-onset primary hyperparathyroidism, ossifying jaw tumours, renal cystic disease, uterine tumours and parathyroid carcinomas. We present a case of a 41-year-old man referred to nephrology clinic with haemoproteinuria who was noted to have the constellation of renal cystic disease, personal and family history of hyperparathyroidism and recent jaw tumour excision. Detailed family history prompted whole exome genetic testing which confirmed the presence of a pathogenic CDC73 gene mutation, ten years after the patient’s initial parathyroidectomy. This case demonstrates the importance of detailed family history taking and the need to consider lesser-known familial hyperparathyroid syndromes to ensure timely diagnosis, genetic testing and cancer surveillance for those affected.
Severe cases of local cytokine release syndrome (CRS); craniocervical edema soon after chimeric antigen T-cell (CAR-T) therapy
Authors: Nakamura Naokazu , Jo Tomoyasu , Arai Yasuyuki , Kitawaki Toshio , Nishikori Momoko , Mizumoto Chisaki , Kanda Junya , Yamashita Kouhei , Nagao Miki , Takaori-Kondo Akifumi
Published: January 2025

Craniocervical edema appears soon after chimeric antigen receptor T-cell (CAR-T) therapy in some cases. This phenomenon is often observed right after systemic cytokine release syndrome (CRS), and it is called local CRS (L-CRS). In severe cases, L-CRS causes airway obstruction and asphyxia, but it is not yet well known among hematologists. In this report, we present mild and severe cases of L-CRS. Tocilizumab might have limited efficacy against L-CRS, and early administration of corticosteroids can be important. We hope that this case report raises awareness of L-CRS as an acute-onset adverse event after CAR-T therapy.
Transient right bundle branch block (RBBB) and S1Q3T3 in a transit passenger due to acute pulmonary embolism- a case report
Authors: Iftikhar Haris , Sabir Doaa , Najam Mavia , Noor Ahmed , Anjum Shahzad
Published: January 2025

Intermittent or transient right bundle branch block (RBBB) can occur in various clinical situations but is rarely described in acute pulmonary embolism. We present a unique case involving a 57-year-old male who experienced a syncopal episode during transit. He displayed signs of a transient right bundle branch block (RBBB) and S1Q3T3 on the initial EMS ECG, which reverted to normal ECG later. This case highlights the significance of recognizing transient RBBB and S1Q3T3 patterns as potential markers of acute PE. Anticoagulation therapy is the mainstay of PE treatment, but other modalities like thrombolysis and surgical embolectomy can be used in selected cases.
A rare case of acrodysostosis type 2 with PDE4D mutation in a young female: a case report
Authors: Hameed Muhammad Sheraz , Maheen Maimoona , Sadiq Sauban Mansoor , Farooq Umer , Rehman Abdur , Ihtesham Arham , Khan Imran , Maqbool Shahzaib , Iqbal Javed
Published: January 2025

Acrodysostosis (ADO) is a rare form of peripheral dysostosis characterized by skeletal malformations, growth delays, short stature, and distinctive facial features caused by in part by underdeveloped (hypoplasia) of facial bones. Skeletal dysplasia is specific and includes disproportional short stature with short extremities and brachydactyly, multiple cone-shaped epiphyses, scoliosis or kyphosis with spinal stenosis, and advanced bone maturation. Herein, we are highlighting a case that presented with clinical features such as brachydactyly, delayed milestone, growth delay, muscle weakness and nasal hypoplasia. Patient genetic testing was in line with the diagnosis of acrodysostosis. The clinic-radiological correlation was also suggestive of the rare diagnosis of ADO.
Crush syndrome after the Marrakesh earthquake: a case report and review of the literature
Authors: Zidouh Ali , Tebib Tarek , Salmi Othmane , Mourouth Hanane , Ziadi Amra
Published: January 2025

Crush trauma of extremities, resulting from a crushing force, can be life-threatening even without involving vital organs. Crush syndrome, or traumatic rhabdomyolysis, occurs when muscle cell breakdown releases contents into the bloodstream, leading to systemic complications like acute renal failure. A 35-year-old woman trapped under rubble during11 hours during a seismic event, presenting with compartment syndrome in her left arm and thigh and crush syndrome. Emergent fasciotomy and aggressive fluid resuscitation were performed, preventing renal failure and metabolic derangement. Post-fasciotomy, pulses returned to her affected limbs. She was extubated and moved to the ICU under close surgical supervision. Early, aggressive resuscitation is critical, ideally before extrication, to minimize complications. Awareness of hyperkalemia and acute renal failure risk post-extrication is essential. Continuous fluid resuscitation is the cornerstone of treatment, and prompt fasciotomies are crucial for compartment syndrome management.
The Diffusion of New Technologies
Authors: Kalyani Aakash , Bloom Nicholas , Carvalho Marcela , Hassan Tarek , Lerner Josh , Tahoun Ahmed
Published: January 2025

We identify phrases associated with novel technologies using textual analysis of patents, job postings, and earnings calls, enabling us to identify four stylized facts on the diffusion of jobs relating to new technologies. First, the development of economically impactful new technologies is geographically highly concentrated, more so even than overall patenting: 56% of the most economically impactful technologies come from just two U.S. locations, Silicon Valley and the Northeast Corridor. Second, as the technologies mature and the number of related jobs grows, hiring spreads geographically. But this process is very slow, taking around 50 years to disperse fully. Third, while initial hiring in new technologies is highly skill biased, over time the mean skill level in new positions declines, drawing in an increasing number of lower-skilled workers. Finally, the geographic spread of hiring is slowest for higher-skilled positions, with the locations where new technologies were pioneered remaining the focus for the technology's high-skill jobs for decades.
Impact and Mechanisms of Cognitive Behavioural Therapy for Insomnia on Fatigue among Cancer Survivors: A Secondary Analysis of a Randomized Controlled Trial
Authors: Greeley Krista M , Rash Joshua , Tulk Joshua , Savard Josée , Seal Melanie , Urquhart Robin , Thoms John , Laing Kara , Fawcett Emily , Garland Sheila N
Published: January 2025

STUDY OBJECTIVES

Cancer-related fatigue is one of the most common symptoms in cancer survivors. Cognitive behavioural therapy for insomnia (CBT-I) can improve fatigue, but mechanisms are unclear. This secondary analysis of a randomized controlled trial evaluated whether CBT-I led to a significant improvement in fatigue, accounting for change in comorbid symptoms of insomnia, perceived cognitive impairment (PCI), anxiety, and depression. The parent study evaluated the impacts of CBT-I on PCI and insomnia.

METHODS

Cancer survivors with insomnia and PCI were randomized to CBT-I or a sleep-self monitoring waitlist control. Fatigue was measured using the Multidimensional Fatigue Symptom Inventory – Short Form at pre-, mid-, and post-treatment. Significant improvement in fatigue was defined as a reduction >10.79 points. Insomnia, PCI, anxiety and depression symptoms were assessed. A linear mixed model evaluated whether CBT-I improved fatigue after adjusting for comorbidities. Mediation analyses examined whether change in comorbidities accounted for the effect of CBT-I on fatigue.

RESULTS

The sample consisted of 132 cancer survivors (77% female, Mage=60.12 years, 41% breast cancer). There was a significant group-by-time interaction on fatigue, p<.001, with the CBT-I group experiencing a 20.6-point reduction in fatigue compared to 3.7-points in the control. Improvements in fatigue were fully accounted for by improvements in the comorbidities with change in insomnia accounting for 45.3% of the effect observed in fatigue.

CONCLUSIONS

CBT-I resulted in significant improvement in fatigue, and these effects were largely accounted for by change in insomnia. CBT-I is a robust intervention with efficacy for improving fatigue among cancer survivors.
Development and validation of a risk prediction model for gestational diabetes mellitus in women of advanced maternal age during the first trimester
Authors: Tang Yao , Liu Zhenzhen , Li Li , Liu Haiyan , Li Xiaotian , Gu Weirong
Published: January 2025

With the global rise in advanced maternal age (AMA) pregnancies, the risk of gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) increases. However, few GDM prediction models are tailored for AMA women. This study aims to develop a practical risk prediction model for GDM in AMA women. Data were obtained from a prospective observational cohort of AMA pregnant women from the Obstetrics and Gynecology Hospital in Shanghai, China. Singleton pregnancies with complete OGTT results at 24–28 weeks were selected and divided into training (70%) and validation (30%) sets. First‐trimester predictors, including demographic, metabolic parameters, and clinical history, were evaluated for statistical significance. A multivariate logistic regression model was developed, with performance evaluated using receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves and calibration plots. Predictors were primarily incorporated as categorical variables in a nomogram to enhance model convenience. A model using continuous predictors was also tested for comparison. A total of 1904 AMA women were included, with GDM incidence rates of 18.3% (243/1333) in the training set and 19.3% (110/571) in the validation set. Significant predictors for GDM diagnosis at 24–28 weeks included maternal age, GDM history, first‐trimester fasting plasma glucose, mean arterial pressure, and triglyceride levels. The categorical model achieved an area under the ROC curve of 0.717 (95% CI: 0.682–0.753) in the training set and 0.702 (95% CI: 0.645–0.758) in the validation set. The Hosmer‐Lemeshow test indicated good calibration (p = .97 in the training set; p = .66 in the validation set). The model with category and continuous predictors exhibited similar performance. This study developed and validated a practical early risk prediction nomogram for GDM in AMA women, using commonly available clinical data. The model shows good predictive performance and is resource‐efficient, making it suitable for real‐world clinical implementation.
The function of TRIML2 on the temozolomide resistance in glioblastoma
Authors: Fu Qiang , Chen Peipei , Wang Zening , Liu Bo , Zhou Qingjiu , Anwar Ilhamjan , Wang Yongxin
Published: January 2025

Background:

Acquired resistance to temozolomide is a major challenge for the effective treatment of glioblastoma (GBM). TRIML2, a member of the TRIM family, plays an important role in cancer genesis, progression, and treatment resistance. However, its mechanism of action in GBM resistance to temozolomide remains unclear.

Methods:

RNA bulk sequencing data from temozolomide-resistant U87 cells and wild-type U87 cells were downloaded from the NCBI public database (GEO: GSE193957) and analyzed. A temozolomide-resistant cell line (U87-TR) was induced with temozolomide, and the expression of TRIML2 in temozolomide-resistant and wild-type cell lines (U87-WT) was verified by cell activity assays, wound-healing assays, and western blotting. The alteration of resistance to temozolomide was assessed following the overexpression of TRIML2 in the resistant cell line by lentiviral transfection. The differences in TRIML2 expression between primary GBM and recurrent GBM after temozolomide chemotherapy were verified by immunofluorescence, immunohistochemistry, and western blotting.

Results:

The expression of TRIML2 was significantly lower in U87-TR cells than in U87-WT cells. After the TRIML2 overexpressed in U87-TR cells, their resistance to temozolomide was significantly decreased and became sensitive to temozolomide treatment. TRIML2 expression was significantly decreased in the temozolimide-resistant GBM tumors; in contrast, TRIML2 was relatively high expressed in the temozolimide-sensitive GBM tumors.

Conclusions:

TRIML2 inhibits temozolomide resistance in GBM and thus may serve as a novel therapeutic target for overcoming GBM resistance to temozolomide.
Prescription of pregabalin for prevention of acute post-mastectomy pain syndrome (APMPS): a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials
Authors: Ganduboina Rohit , Dutta Palak , Pawar Shubhadarshini G. , Mukherjee Indraneil
Published: January 2025

Background:

Mastectomy is generally considered the most effective treatment option for breast cancer. However, it is linked to a variety of complications that contribute to an elevated morbidity. Acute Post Mastectomy Pain Syndrome (APMPS) is 2 months or more of neuropathic pain after mastectomy. Pregabalin, a powerful central nervous system inhibitor is commonly prescribed for the relief of neuropathic pain. This study evaluates its efficacy in curing neuropathic pain and enhancing mastectomy pain management.

Methods:

We conducted a comprehensive literature search comparing pregabalin with placebo using relevant syntaxes. Postoperative acute pain scores, 24-hour morphine use, dizziness, and sedation were evaluated. A P-value of less than 0.05 was considered statistically significant.

Results:

Ten studies with a total of 719 patients were included. The pregabalin group exhibited significantly lower acute pain scores compared to the placebo group (standard mean difference: −0.61; 95% confidence interval: −1.02 to −0.20; P < 0.01). No statistically significant differences were observed in 24-hour morphine consumption (standardized mean difference, −2.74; 95% CI, −6.27; −0.79, P > 0.05, I
2 = 97.6%), dizziness (RR, 1.49; 95% CI, 0.82; 2.71, P > 0.05, I
2 = 1.0%) or sedation (RR, 1.38; 95% CI, 0.11; 17.84, P > 0.05, I
2 = 0.0%) between the groups. The acute pain scores showed significant heterogeneity, with an I
2 value of 78.6%.

Discussion:

This meta-analysis indicates that pregabalin may be effective for managing APMPS. However, due to the heterogeneity and limitations of the included studies, the findings should be interpreted with caution. Future research should focus on larger sample sizes, incorporating potential moderating factors to more precisely determine pregabalin’s role in APMPS.
Quality of life and oncologic safety of axillary reverse mapping in patients with breast cancer: a systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Fan Yu-Chen , Li Lin , Meng Xiang-Chao
Published: January 2025

Background:

The axillary reverse mapping (ARM) technique has recently been developed to prevent lymphedema by preserving upper extremity lymphatic drainage. In this article, we evaluated the quality of life and oncologic outcomes of ARM used in patients with breast cancer.

Methods:

PubMed, Embase, and other databases were searched for relevant articles published between 2013 and 2022. Randomized clinical trials were identified and included in the meta-analysis. The evaluated endpoints included lymphedema, the number of retrieved lymph nodes (LNs), the number of patients with positive LNs, and shoulder restriction. A meta-analysis was performed using RevMan 5.3 software. Odds ratios (ORs) with 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were used to analyze dichotomous data.

Results:

Seven studies involving 1,820 patients were included for the meta-analysis, which revealed that ARM was associated with a reduced incidence of lymphedema (OR, 0.30; 95% CI, 0.16–0.58; P = 0.0003). There were no significant differences in the number of retrieved LNs, the number of patients with positive LNs, and shoulder restriction between the two groups.

Conclusion:

The ARM procedure achieved comparable success with a better quality of life and acceptable safe oncologic outcomes for patients with breast cancer. Future multicenter randomized controlled trials are needed to further evaluate the efficacy and safety of ARM.
Post-surgical natural history of MEN2A with RET C634R mutation and bilateral cervical node metastasis: a case report
Authors: Adhikari Bindira , Niraula Biraj , Lamichhane Samit , Sapkota Aashish
Published: January 2025

Introduction and importance:

Multiple endocrine neoplasia type 2A (MEN2A) is a rare hereditary cancer syndrome marked by medullary thyroid carcinoma (MTC), pheochromocytoma, and primary hyperparathyroidism. The RET proto-oncogene mutation, particularly the C634R variant, significantly increases the risk of persistent or recurrent disease. This case underscores the importance of genetic analysis and comprehensive follow-up in managing MEN2A.

Case presentation:

We report a 36-year-old pregnant female with MEN2A, diagnosed with the RET C634R mutation. Ten years earlier, she underwent a total thyroidectomy for MTC, followed by an adrenalectomy for bilateral pheochromocytoma. Despite these interventions, her calcitonin levels never normalized, and recent imaging revealed somatostatin receptor-expressing lesions in the left paratracheal region. Genetic testing confirmed the RET C634R mutation, also found in her 7-year-old daughter, indicating familial transmission.

Clinical discussion:

The RET C634R mutation is associated with a high risk of MTC recurrence and poor prognosis, emphasizing the need for vigilant monitoring. This case highlights the challenges in managing MEN2A, particularly in the presence of persistent lymph node involvement. It also stresses the importance of genetic counseling for at-risk family members.

Conclusion:

This case emphasizes the critical role of genetic testing, continuous monitoring, and a multidisciplinary approach in MEN2A management. The identification of the RET C634R mutation in both the patient and her daughter highlights the need for early intervention and personalized treatment strategies to improve outcomes.
The 100 most-cited papers on esthesioneuroblastoma: a bibliometric analysis
Authors: Badary Amr , Alrubaye Sura N. , Andrew Awuah Wireko , Almealawy Yasser F. , Al-Barbarawi Mohammad , Moustafa Wahab , Jawed Hira , Chaurasia Bipin , Atallah Oday
Published: January 2025

Objective:

Esthesioneuroblastoma (ENB) or olfactory neuroblastoma, an infrequent neuroectodermal tumor primarily affecting the nasal cavity, manifests sporadically or in various clinical contexts. Bibliometric analyses have become a technique for evaluating the influence of papers in present-day clinical practice.

Methods:

This article conducted a meticulous analysis of the top 100 cited articles concerning ENB, using Scopus and employing keywords (“Esthesioneuroblastoma” and “Olfactory Neuroblastoma”). Articles focusing on ENB were systematically evaluated. Data extraction encompassed comprehensive analyses of articles, authors, citation per year, total citations, and journals, categorizing publications into distinct domains: clinical features, histopathology, article types, or radiological aspects.

Results:

The search yielded a substantial pool of 400 articles, from which the top 100 amassed a total of 10 900 citations, averaging 109 citations per article. These influential publications spanned a wide array of 47 journals, published between 1960 and 2019, involving contributions from diverse institutions across 14 countries. Notably, a significant proportion (45%) of contributions was made before the 2000, with the most prolific decade being 2000–2010, contributing 38 publications.

Conclusion:

This bibliometric study summarizes the most-cited articles on esthesioneuroblastoma, providing light on the field and its seminal works that have shaped both present-day clinical treatment and the trajectory of future research.
Successful management of secondary aorto-enteric fistula: a case report from Nepal
Authors: Chaulagain Uttam , Pokhrel Kailash Mani , Khanal Kapil , Gaurav Bishal , Kansakar Prasan Bir Singh , Shrestha Uttam Krishna
Published: January 2025

Introduction:

Aorto-enteric fistulas (AEFs) are rare but serious causes of gastrointestinal bleeding, classified into primary and secondary types. This report describes the first documented case of a secondary AEF from Nepal, emphasizing the need for prompt diagnosis and surgical intervention.

Case presentation:

A 36-year-old male presented with black tarry stools and abdominal pain, 7 years after aorto-right common femoral artery and aorto-left common iliac artery bypass surgery for common iliac artery occlusive disease. He had a history of recurrent graft infections. Examination revealed hypotension, tachycardia, and melena. Upper gastrointestinal endoscopy showed the aortic graft in the duodenum, with CECT confirming an aortic graft inside the bowel lumen, leading to a diagnosis of secondary aorto-enteric fistulas (SAEF).

Discussion:

SAEFs often arise from graft infection and mechanical erosion by the pulsatile graft. Patients typically present with gastrointestinal bleeding, and early diagnosis is crucial, as untreated SAEFs have a mortality rate approaching 100%. The combined use of upper gastrointestinal endoscopy and CECT is essential for identifying and guiding the surgical intervention of SAEFs. This case underscores the importance of early diagnosis and early surgical intervention for successful management of SAEF.

Conclusion:

This case highlights the importance of suspecting secondary AEFs in patients with aortic graft presenting with gastrointestinal bleeding. Early diagnosis and timely surgical intervention are essential for improving patient outcomes.
Primary supratentorial extradural hydatid cyst of the brain
Authors: Fazairov Ravshan , Almureisi Hussein , Islomov Jamshid , Okon Inibehe Ime , Chaurasia Bipin
Published: January 2025

Introduction and importance:

Hydatidosis is a parasitic infestation caused by the larva of the cestode Echinococcus granulosus. It is a zoonotic disease, with humans serving as accidental intermediate hosts, often affecting pediatric populations. The most common clinical presentations involve the liver and lungs, with cerebral hydatidosis being extremely rare. Imaging typically reveals single cystic lesions, usually unilocular and intraaxial. Extradural hydatid cysts, whether primary or secondary, are exceedingly rare. This report discusses a pediatric primary osteolytic extradural hydatid cyst of brain.

Case presentation:

A 10-year-old Yemeni male from a rural area presented with progressive headache, left hemiparesis, and right parietal soft swelling. Imaging, surgical, and histopathological findings are reviewed, highlighting the rarity of this condition in the pediatric population.

Clinical discussion:

Extradural hydatid cysts, whether primary or secondary are very rare and even very rare in children.

Conclusion:

In most cases, cerebral hydatid cysts are primary. Intracranial extradural localization of a hydatid cyst is very rare. The clinical features of cerebral hydatid cysts are closely related to their location. Because of the very slow increase in size and volume of the cyst, the intensification of symptoms may also be very slow. Timely diagnosis and proper treatments leads to cure of the disease.
Harnessing hydrodynamics for high-yield production of extracellular vesicles from stem cells spheroids with specific cargo profiling
Authors: Lenoir Solène , Thouvenot Elliot , Gropplero Giacomo , Dec Léonie , Loew Damarys , Théry Clotilde , Perez Jose E , Wilhelm Claire
Published: January 2025

This study presents a novel method and device for the hydrodynamic production of extracellular vesicles (EVs) derived from biomimetic multicellular 3D spheroids, enabling high-throughput particle release that is 10 to 20 times higher than in non-stimulated conditions. The device facilitates the formation of spheroids from human mesenchymal stem cells (hMSCs), offering an all-in-one approach for both spheroid generation and EV release. Production times are reduced to just a few hours, with yield further increased by alternating periods of high hydrodynamic flow and spheroid recovery in a sequential production approach. Using this system, we explored the impact of hydrodynamic and starvation conditions on the protein cargo of EVs, identifying distinct protein markers through proteomics. Specifically, hydrodynamic stimulation enriched EVs in plasma membrane-derived and mitochondrial proteins, revealing divergent biogenesis pathways. Importantly, the produced EVs exhibited therapeutic properties, with demonstrated effects in wound healing, angiogenesis, and anti-inflammatory responses, some showing enhanced efficacy under hydrodynamic stimulation.
Study protocol: A national cross-sectional study on psychology and behaviour investigation of Chinese residents in 2024, PBICR
Authors: Fan Siyuan , Li Yimiao , Dong Fangjie , Chen Wenwen , Han Qin , Duan Tingyu , Zhang Jinguang , Sun Qiang , Bao Yanping , Li Yujia , Zang Shuang , Zhou Xiaoming , Jiang Feng , Ming Wai kit , Sun Xinying , Wu Yibo
Published: January 2025

Introduction

This study protocol specifies the primary research line and theoretical framework of the 2024 Survey of the Psychology and Behavior of the Chinese Population. It aims to establish a consistent database of Chinese residents’ psychological and behavioral surveys through multi center and large sample cross sectional surveys to provide robust data support for developing research in related fields. It will track the public’s physical and psychological health more comprehensively and systematically.

Methods

The study was conducted from June 23, 2024 to September 29, 2024, using stratified and quota sampling methods. A total of 150 cities across 800 communities/villages were surveyed, selected from China (Despite extensive coordination, we have been unable to contact our counterparts in the Taiwan region of China to obtain relevant statistical data). The questionnaires were distributed to the public one on one and face to face by trained surveyors. The questionnaires included basic information about the individual, personal health status, basic information about the family, the social environment in which the individual lives, psychological condition scales, behavioral level scales, other scales, and attitudes towards topical social issues. Supervisors conducted quality control during the distribution process and returned questionnaires, logically checked and cleaned for data analysis.

Discussion

Data collection has been finished, and scientific outputs based on this data will support the development of health promotion strategies in China and globally. In the aftermath of the pandemic, it will guide policymakers and healthcare organizations to improve their existing policies and services to maximize the physical and mental health of the Chinese population.
The Power of Three: Dynactin associates with three dyneins under load for greater force production
Authors: Rao Lu , Liu Xinglei , Arnold Mirjam , McKenney Richard J. , Stengel Kristy , Sidoli Simone , Berger Florian , Gennerich Arne
Published: January 2025

Cytoplasmic dynein is an essential microtubule motor protein that powers organelle transport and mitotic spindle assembly. Its activity depends on dynein-dynactin-cargo adaptor complexes, such as dynein-dynactin-BicD2 (DDB), which typically function with two dynein motors. We show that mechanical tension recruits a third dynein motor via an auxiliary BicD adaptor binding the light intermediate chain of the third dynein, stabilizing multi-dynein assemblies and enhancing force generation. Lis1 prevents dynein from transitioning into a force-limiting phi-like conformation, allowing single-dynein DDB to sustain forces up to ∼4.5 pN, whereas force generation often ends at ∼2.5 pN without Lis1. Complexes with two or three dyneins generate ∼7 pN and ∼9 pN, respectively, consistent with a staggered motor arrangement that enhances collective output. Under load, DDB primarily takes ∼8 nm steps, challenging existing dynein coordination models. These findings reveal adaptive mechanisms that enable robust intracellular transport under varying mechanical demands.
Unlocking the Secrets of NSP3: AlphaFold2-assisted Domain Determination in SARS-CoV-2 Protein
Authors: Edich Maximilian , Briggs David , Gao Yunyun , Thorn Andrea
Published: January 2025

Non-structural protein 3 (nsp3) is crucial for the SARS-CoV-2 infection cycle. It is the largest protein of the virus, consisting of roughly 2000 residues, and a major drug target. However, due to its size, disordered regions, and transmembrane domains, the atomic structure of the whole protein has not yet been established. Only 10 out of its 16 domains were individually determined in experiments.

Here, we demonstrate how structural bioinformatics, AI-based fold prediction, and traditional experiments complement each other and can shed light on the makeup of this important protein, both in SARS-CoV-2 and related viruses. Our method can be generalized for other multi-domain proteins, so we describe it in detail.

Our prediction-based approach reveals a previously undescribed folded domain, which we could confirm experimentally. Our research also suggests a potential function of the nidovirus-wide conserved domain Y1: This domain may be involved in the assembly of nsp3, nsp4, and nsp6 into the hexameric pore, which was discovered by electron tomography and exports RNA into the cytosol. The Y1-hexamer, however, could not be expressed and purified on its own. We also provide a revised domain segmentation and nomenclature of nsp3 domains based on a compilation of previous research and our own findings.
Optical recordings of unitary synaptic connections reveal high and random local connectivity between CA3 pyramidal cells
Authors: Layous Robert , Tamás Bálint , Mike Arpad , Sipos Eszter , Arszovszki Antónia , Brunner János , Szatai Ádám , Yaseen Farah , Andrási Tibor , Szabadics János
Published: January 2025

The hippocampal CA3 region is thought to play crucial roles in episodic memory functions because of the extensive recurrent connections between CA3 pyramidal cells (CA3PCs). However, different methods provided contradicting observations about the synaptic connectivity between CA3PCs. Therefore, we estimated the connectivity rate between individual CA3PCs using a new approach that is not affected by the confounds of conventional methods. Specifically, we used voltage imaging with the Voltron sensor in acute slices from rats of both sexes to test CA3PC connections by detecting spontaneous spiking and subthreshold responses in anatomically identified neurons. We detected 164 monosynaptic excitatory connections in 3078 tested CA3PC-CA3PC pairs. This 5.3% connectivity rate was much higher than that we observed with the theoretically more sensitive patch clamp method in similar experimental conditions, but it remained below the anatomically observed number of CA3PC-CA3PC contacts. We verified that the imaged excitatory connections were mediated by AMPA receptors. Our results also showed that the recurrent connections did not enrich into preferred connectivity motifs and followed a distribution that was consistent with random connectivity in general. Moreover, voltage imaging revealed CA3PCs with distinct firing properties and somatic locations corresponding to previously established heterogeneity and showed that specific connectivity rules create preferred information routes among these subpopulations. Finally, we showed that there is at least one condition, influencing patch clamp recordings but not voltage imaging, that affects the observable functional connections between CA3PCs. Altogether, our results obtained with a new voltage imaging approach argue for high local connectivity rates between CA3PCs.

Significance Statement

Voltage imaging offers new opportunities to measure synaptic connectivity between individual identified neurons. We employed the Voltron sensor to measure the monosynaptic connectivity between local CA3 pyramidal cells (CA3PCs) in acute slices from rats. Recurrent CA3PC connections are thought to play crucial roles in storing memory. However, the estimated connectivity rates between CA3PCs differ depending on the methods used. We showed that in spite of having a lower signal-to-noise ratio, voltage imaging results showed a much higher connectivity between CA3PCs than patch clamp recordings. Our results also suggest that the recurrent excitatory connections between CA3PCs are random, with preferred connectivity between and within subpopulations of CA3PCs.
Fusobacterium nucleatumdetermines the expression of amphetamine-induced behavioral responses through an epigenetic phenomenon
Authors: Mabry Samuel J. , Cao Xixi , Zhu Yanqi , Rowe Caleb , Patel Shalin , González-Arancibia Camila , Romanazzi Tiziana , Saleeby David P. , Elam Anna , Lee Hui-Ting , Turkmen Serhat , Lauzon Shelby N. , Hernandez Cesar E. , Sun HaoSheng , Wu Hui , Carter Angela M. , Galli Aurelio
Published: January 2025

Amphetamines (AMPHs) are psychostimulants commonly used for the treatment of neuropsychiatric disorders. They are also misused (AMPH use disorder; AUD), with devastating outcomes. Recent studies have implicated dysbiosis in the pathogenesis of AUD. However, the mechanistic roles of microbes in AUD are unknown.Fusobacterium nucleatum(Fn) is a bacterium that increases in abundance in both rats and humans upon AMPH exposure.Fnreleases short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs), bacterial byproducts thought to play a fundamental role in the gut-brain axis as well as the pathogenesis of AUD. We demonstrate that in gnotobioticDrosophila melanogaster,colonization withFnor dietary supplementation of the SCFA butyrate, a potent inhibitor of histone deacetylases (HDACs), enhances the psychomotor and rewarding properties of AMPH as well as its ability to promote male sexual motivation. Furthermore, solely HDAC1 RNAi targeted inhibition recapitulates these enhancements, pointing to a specific process underlying thisFnphenomenon. Of note is that the expression of these AMPH behaviors is determined by the increase in extracellular dopamine (DA) levels that result from AMPH-induced reversal of DA transporter (DAT) function, termed non-vesicular DA release (NVDR). The magnitude of AMPH-induced NVDR is dictated, at least in part, by DAT expression levels. Consistent with our behavioral data, we show thatFn, butyrate, and HDAC1 inhibition enhance NVDR by elevating DAT expression. Thus, the participation ofFnin AUD stems from its ability to release butyrate and inhibit HDAC1. These data offer a microbial target and probiotic interventions for AUD treatment.
Prior use-dependent plasticity triggers different individual corticomotor responses during persistent musculoskeletal pain
Authors: Zamorano Anna M. , Kleber Boris , De Martino Enrico , Insausti-Delgado Ainhoa , Vuust Peter , Flor Herta , Graven-Nielsen Thomas
Published: January 2025

Movement repetition is crucial for pain interventions. It facilitates the rehabilitation of motor patterns, the acquisition of motor skills and the genesis of adaptive use-dependent plasticity. However, the influence of prior motor experience and pre-existing use-dependent plasticity on pain severity and progression remains poorly investigated. This study investigated the effects of pre-existing use-dependent plasticity during the development of prolonged experimental musculoskeletal pain. Using transcranial magnetic stimulation, corticospinal excitability was assessed by measuring the rest-motor thresholds (RMTs), motor-evoked potential (MEP), representational area of the motor map, volume, and center of gravity of the first dorsal interosseous (FDI) muscle in musicians (n=19), a well-known ecological model of use-dependent plasticity, and in non-musicians (n=20). All participants attended three sessions (Day1, Day3, Day8). Prolonged pain for several days was induced by intramuscular injection of nerve growth factor (NGF) into the right FDI muscle at the end of Day1. Compared to Day1, prolonged pain uniquely led to reduced motor map volume in non-musicians on Day3 (p=0.004), who also showed higher NGF-related pain intensity compared to musicians. The motor maps of musicians, which were already smaller in pain-free conditions (Day1) compared to non-musicians (p=0.021), remained non-significantly different across days. Notably, corticomotor responses (map volume, MEP amplitude, and RMTs) at Day1 were correlated to weekly and accumulated musical training. These findings demonstrate that pre-existing use-dependent plasticity associated with motor training may counteract the effects of prolonged pain in the motor system. Moreover, it confirms that prior motor experience acts as a source of individual variability to pain.
NUBP2deficiency disrupts the centrosome-check point in the brain and causes primary microcephaly
Authors: Rushforth Rebekah , Shamseldin Hanan E , Costantino Nicole , Michaels JES-Rite , Sawyer Sarah L , Osmond Matthew , Kurdi Wesam , Abdulwahab Firdous , DiStasio Andrew ,   Care4Rare Canada Consortium, Boycott Kym M. , Alkuraya Fowzan S. , Stottmann Rolf W.
Published: January 2025

Microcephaly affects 1 in 2,500 babies per year. Primary microcephaly results from aberrant neurogenesis leading to a small brain at birth. This is due to altered patterns of proliferation and/or early differentiation of neurons. Premature differentiation of neurons is associated with defects in the centrosome and/or primary cilia. In this study, we report on the first patients identified withNUBP2-deficiency and utilize a conditional mouse model to ascertain the molecular mechanisms associated withNUBP2-deficient primary microcephaly. We identified homozygousNUBP2variants in these patients who displayed profound primary microcephaly in addition to intrauterine growth restriction, cervical kyphosis, severe contractures of joints, and facial dysmorphia. We then generated a mouse model usingEmx1-Creto ablateNubp2from the forebrain. The mice presented with severe microcephaly starting at E18.5. Neurospheres generated from the forebrain ofEmx1-Cre; Nubp2flox/floxconditional deletion mice were used to support the pathogenicity of the patient variants. We show that loss ofNubp2increases both canonical and non-canonical cell death, but that loss ofp53fails to rescue microcephaly in the mouse model. Examination of neurogenesis inEmx1-Cre; Nubp2flox/floxmice revealed distinct alterations in proliferation and cellular migration accompanied by supernumerary centrosomes and cilia. We therefore propose thatNUBP2is a novel primary microcephaly-related gene and that the role ofNubp2in centrosome and cilia regulation is crucial for proper neurogenesis.
Trio-Based Whole-Genome Sequencing for Critically Ill Pediatric Patients in Korea
Authors: Lee Seungbok , Koh June-Young , Lim Joonoh , Cho Jaeso , Kim Woojoong , Lee Yuna , Yi Boram , Joo Eunjung , Jung Dawoon , Lim Byung Chan , Kim Soo Yeon , Chae Jong-Hee
Published: January 2025

This study aimed to implement genome sequencing using an automated pipeline for critically ill pediatric patients within a real-world healthcare system. Twenty patients under 36 months of age, admitted to the NICU/PICU or suspected of having rapidly progressive genetic disorders, were enrolled. Trio-based genome sequencing was performed using an optimized processing pipeline, which automatically performed mapping, variant calling, annotation, and in silico pathogenicity assessment. Among 20 enrolled patients, 11 (55%) were from the NICU, and 16 (80%) presented with neurological manifestations as their chief complaint. The median time from symptom onset to study enrollment was 73 days for 18 patients referred from other hospitals and less than a week for 2 in-hospital patients. The median turnaround time (TAT) for rWGS was 10 days, with the shortest being 5 days. A definite or presumed genetic diagnosis was made in 11 patients (55%), including 10 of 16 with neurological symptoms (62.5%) and 1 of 4 with non-neurologic symptoms (25%). Management plans were modified for 8 of the 11 patients (72.7%), including medication changes, diet modifications, and preimplantation genetic testing for future pregnancies. This study highlights the feasibility and clinical utility of WGS in critically ill pediatric patients in Korea, demonstrating a high diagnostic yield and significant impact on patient management, particularly among those presenting with neurologic symptoms. Establishing a nationwide fast-track system and providing detailed testing indications are required for effective implementation. Further automation and resource optimization could reduce the TAT and improve the efficacy of rWGS in critical care settings.
Assessing Supervised Natural Language Processing (NLP) Classification of Violent Death Narratives: Development and Assessment of a Compact Large Language Model (LLM) Approach
Authors: Parker Susan T.
Published: January 2025

Objective

The recent availability of law enforcement and coroner/medical examiner reports for nearly every violent death in the US expands the potential for natural language processing (NLP) research into violence. The objective of this work is to assess applications of supervised NLP to unstructured narrative data in the National Violent Death Reporting System (NVDRS).

Materials and Methods

This analysis applied distilBERT, a compact LLM, to unstructured narrative data to simulate the impacts of pre-processing, volume and composition of training data on model performance, evaluated by F1-scores, precision, recall and the false negative rate. Model performance was evaluated for bias by race, ethnicity, and sex by comparing F1-scores across subgroups.

Results

A minimum training set of 1,500 cases was necessary to achieve an F1-score of 0.6 and a false negative rate of .01-.05 with a compact LLM. Replacement of domain-specific jargon improved model performance while oversampling positive class cases to address class imbalance did not substantially improve F1 scores. Between racial and ethnic groups, F1-score disparities ranged from 0.2 to 0.25, and between male and female victims differences ranged from 0.12 to 0.2.

Discussion

Findings demonstrate that compact LLMs with sufficient training data can be applied to supervised NLP tasks to events with class imbalance in NVDRS unstructured police and coroner/medical examiner reports.

Conclusion

Simulations of supervised text classification across the model-fitting process of pre-processing and training a compact LLM informed NLP applications to unstructured death narrative data.