bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Acceptance of coffee by different consumer profiles using multivariate statistics
Authors: Benedito Luiza Zazini , Lima Clara Mariana Gonçalves , Silva Josiane Ferreira da , Cardoso Daniela Caetano , Verruck Silvani , Pereira Rosemary Gualberto Fonseca Alvarenga
Published: April 2020

This study aimed to evaluate the acceptance of coffee by consumers using olfactory sensory analysis in two moments: without and with information about the different classifications of the products. Three different coffee classifications (rio, hard, and soft) and a commercial sample of a Traditional type of coffee were used. The research was carried out in a supermarket in Lavras – MG - Brazil with 100 volunteers. Consumers were asked to evaluate the samples according to the 9-point hedonic scale without any prior information on coffee quality. Subsequently, the same test was applied after informing the consumers that there are differences in coffee quality (high, intermediate and low), which have different characteristics, including aroma. The most accepted samples were associated by consumers with coffees classified as hard and soft. The information provided about the differences in the quality of the samples influenced only females consumers with higher incomes.
Inovação tecnológica: perspectiva dialógica sob a ótica do Joseph Schumpeter
Authors: Balbino Carlos Marcelo , Silvino Zenith Rosa , Joaquim Fabiana Lopes , Souza Cláudio José de , Santos Lucimere Maria dos
Published: April 2020

Este estudo tem como objetivo refletir sobre o conceito-chave de inovação tecnológica no campo da saúde e na área da Enfermagem numa perspectiva dialógica sob a ótica do Joseph Schumpeter. Trata-se de um estudo descritivo de abordagem qualitativa do tipo teórico-reflexivo, ancorado no conceito de inovação proposto pelo economista Schumpeter. As reflexões acerca da inovação tecnológica se ancoram em três categorias, sendo elas: “A tríade da variação econômica: o empresário, a inovação e o capital”; “inovação tecnológica e o campo da saúde” e “A Enfermagem como um mediador para a efetivação da inovação tecnológica”. Portanto, considera-se que deve haver a valorização das mentes criativas que se preocupam em desenvolver tecnologias que aprimorem o cuidado com vistas à qualidade assistencial e que promovem consequentemente a melhora nas condições de trabalho dos profissionais envolvidos na assistência, mas sem esquecer-se dos riscos que a incorporação tecnológica pode resultar e quando não consideradas podem resultar em possíveis iatrogênias.
Saúde do adolescente e educação sexual na escola: tecituras a partir das perspectivas dos estudantes
Authors: Viçosa Cátia Silene Carrazoni Lopes , Santana Emilson Braga , Viçosa Débora Lopes , Lima Quelen Colman Espíndola , D’Andrea Ana Maria , Salgueiro Andréia Caroline Fernandes , Folmer Vanderlei
Published: April 2020

Este estudo apresenta e discute dados acerca da compreensão de estudantes sobre a importância da abordagem da temática “Saúde do Adolescente” no espaço escolar. Da mesma forma, são apresentados os saberes dos adolescentes sobre educação sexual, bem como os resultados de uma dinâmica sobre esse mesmo assunto. A pesquisa, qualitativa, foi desenvolvida com educandos do 5º ao 9º ano de uma escola pública municipal da fronteira oeste do Rio Grande do Sul, Brasil. Como instumento de coleta de dados foi aplicado um questionário e os dados coletados foram tratados por meio da Ánalise de Conteúdo. A dinâmica em grupo foi proposta com base em questões relacionadas à saúde do adolescente e à educação sexual. Os resultados indicaram que os educandos reconhecem a importância da escola como agente de promoção da saúde do adolescente. A maioria dos estudantes afirma possuir conhecimentos sobre educação sexual. Entretanto, os saberes citados estão mais relacionados com questões biológicas, sem possuir uma dimensão mais abrangente, como as relações de gênero, relações interpessoais, os sentidos do corpo e a autoestima. Identificou-se que a escola prevalece, sobre amigos e família, como principal fonte de informação sobre educação sexual. Durante a dinâmica, foi possível perceber o interesse dos estudantes em participar de atividades que abordam as dúvidas sobre saúde e educação sexual. Conclui-se que a escola é um espaço importante para problematização desse tema. Ademais, é imperativo o desenvolvimento de estratégias de ensino que atendam às necessidades dos discentes de maneira personalizada, humana e qualificada considerando aspectos sociais, culturais e emocionais dos educandos.
Crimes violentos e suas implicações no desenvolvimento regional: uma revisão da literatura
Authors: Carneiro Leonardo de Andrade , Oliveira Nilton Marques de
Published: April 2020

Este estudo discute as implicações dos crimes violentos letais e intencionais - CVLI no desenvolvimento regional, crimes que afetam a qualidade de vida e o bem-estar social, bem como o desenvolvimento socioeconômico. Utilizamos artigos publicados nos últimos anos, que atenderam os critérios de inclusão e exclusão, onde foram selecionados 25 trabalhos que atenderam os critérios pré-estabelecidos, sendo assim, avaliados e analisados, contribuindo deste modo para a produção desta revisão. Identificamos fatores, que estão associados ao aumento e redução dos CVLI e suas consequências no desenvolvimento regional. As descobertas indicam que melhores oportunidades na educação, emprego com salários dignos, renda, mobilização da sociedade civil, políticas de estado mais rígidas, são aspectos capazes de reduzir crimes violentos letais intencionais.
Sensoriamento Remoto aplicado à análise do fenômeno de Ilhas de Calor Urbano na cidade de Vitória, Espírito Santo
Authors: Barboza Eliezio Nascimento , Bezerra Neto Francisco das Chagas , Caiana Clarice Ribeiro Alves
Published: April 2020

O crescente desenvolvimento das cidades sem o devido planejamento ambiental e urbano resultou no aumento da temperatura nas grandes cidades. Um dos principais fenômenos causados por esse aquecimento são as chamadas ilhas de calor urbano, que interferem no clima local e no conforto térmico. Além de outros fatores, a má distribuição de áreas verdes na cidade contribui para o aumento desse fenômeno. Portanto, o objetivo desse artigo é analisar a Temperatura de Superfície Terrestre (TST) e relacionar com cobertura vegetal por meio do Índice de Vegetação por Diferença Normalizada (NDVI) na cidade de Vitória, ES. Inicialmente foram obitidas as imagens orbitais, sensores OLI, (Operational Land Imager) e TIRS10 (Thermal Infrared Sensor) do Landsat 8 em United States Geological Survey (USGS) – órbita 215 e ponto 74. As imagens escolhidas para esse estudo é de 16/05/2013. Verificou-se a relação direta do vigor da biomassa (NDVI) e da urbanização com valores de temperatura de superfície e as ilhas de calor urbano na cidade de Vitória. Os ambientes que apresentaram menores valores de NDVI, com exceção o oceano, apresentaram maiores valores de temperatura, expondo a importância da vegetação para o clima urbano.
Educação a Distância na crise COVID - 19: um relato de experiência
Authors: Castaman Ana Sara , Rodrigues Ricardo Antonio
Published: April 2020

O presente texto tematiza a respeito da Educação a Distância (EaD) em meio à crise do COVID-19. Para tanto, tem por finalidade conhecer os conceitos e os fundamentos da EaD, de modo a analisar as percepções dos estudantes, quanto a EaD como estratégia para dirimir os prejuízos no processo de ensino e aprendizagem na EPT, em virtude da Pandemia do Covid. Pauta-se metodologicamente na técnica bibliográfica e na apresentação de dados que desenham as percepções dos estudantes matriculados em cursos presenciais acerca das aulas por EaD. Os dados foram analisados e discutidos, a partir de categorias. Assim, este artigo está dividido em três seções, a saber: a) aborda os conceitos e os fundamentos da EaD; b) trata dos desafios e das possibilidades da EaD nos Institutos Federais de Ensino, diante da pandemia; c) apresenta a percepção dos estudantes a respeito das atividades remotas, em especial da unidade curricular de Filosofia. Conclui-se que a Pandemia do Covid-19 foi de algum modo, um momento privilegiado de reconhecimento das fragilidades e das potencialidades enquanto comunidade educativa.
Phytogeographical differentiation of the genus Carex (Cyperaceae) in Saskatchewan, Canada
Authors: Danylyk Ivan M. , Kricsfalusy Vladimir V.
Published: April 2020

This paper presents a phytogeographical analysis of the genus Carex (Cyperaceae) in Saskatchewan, Canada. Carex (sedges) is the largest genus of vascular plants in the provincial flora, which includes 105 species used in our analysis. Phytogeographical differentiation of the genus was determined based on zonal, climatic, altitudinal and regional position of the study species. First of all, 15 zonal range types were identified. It was found that the majority of the study species are located in moderately cold or cold natural zones and have rather large range sizes with a high degree of disjunction. After that, the study species were classified into four climatic range types, situated within the significant impact of the severe continental climate. Later, four altitudinal range types, with a slight predominance of the group of species associated with the plain and low-altitude areas, were recognised. Finally, based on the geographic distribution of Carex species they were classified into four regional range types. Overall, the range formation of the genus Carex in Saskatchewan took evolutionary a long time and was driven by latitudinal species migration in two directions – to the northern and to a lesser extent the southern boundary of the province. The genus Carex in Saskatchewan demonstrates much stronger biogeographical affinities to America, than to East Asia and Europe. There is a fairly high number of bipolar Carex species which are distributed in the province at high northern latitudes.
Relationships between the Psychoemotional State of Middle-Aged People and their Physical Activity Levels
Authors: Mockus Pranas , Mockienė Asta , Karanauskienė Diana , Česnaitienė Vida Janina
Published: April 2020

Background. Constantly accelerating pace of life, heavy workloads, and new technologies coming into our lives lead to mental health problems - stress, anxiety, and depression, which causes uncontrollable physical health problems. The relationship between individual PA domains and physical activity intensity in middle-aged individuals as well as their psycho-emotional status have not been sufficiently explored. The aim of the study was to determine the relationship between psycho-emotional state and physical activity levels in middle-aged people.Methods. The epidemiological method was chosen for the study. The chosen method of data collection was an anonymous questionnaire survey.Results. Assessing the psycho-emotional state of the subjects, we found that 17.8% of women and men studied were experiencing stress. More women (45%) than men (27.5%) experienced nervous tension, and more men (25.5%) than women (13.7%) experienced stress. High levels of physical activity were found in more than 2/3 of the subjects (73.5%). The distributions of women and men did not differ much according to the level of physical activity (74.3, 72.0%).Conclusion. A higher level of physical activity was associated with a better assessment of nervous tension and stress – more physically active individuals experience less nervous tension and stress. People who spent more time sitting on weekdays and at weekends experienced more nervous tension and stress.Keywords: physical activity levels, psychoemotional state, sedentary lifestyle, physically active lifestyle, nervous tension and stress.
Different Training Programs of Mini-Basketball Players Have a Different Effect on Physical and Technical Preparation
Authors: Matulaitis Kęstutis , Rudzitis Andris , Barčaitis Mindaugas , Kreivytė Rasa , Butautas Ramūnas
Published: April 2020

Background. Basketball coaches need to find or create an effective training program while developing and training mini-basketball players. Only an effective and certified training program can help optimize the training process and bring success. So our aim of the analysis was also to determine and evaluate the effectivity of different training programs for mini-basketball players (8–9 years old).Methods. The study included (n = 38) mini-basketball (aged 8.5 ± 0.27 years) players. During the study, the subjects were split into three separate groups of training programs (universal, technical, integral). Groups were formed in random order, based on their place of residence. Mini-basketball players of different training programs were tested before and after the study, which lasted for 4 months (17 weeks) during the competitive period.Results. The analysis of the results showed that the indicators increased the most after applying the Universal Training Program (UTP). After applying the UTP for 4 months, the indicators of speed increased by 1.9% and agility by 4.99% (p < .05), however, speed-strength increased by 4.64% and endurance by – 5.64% when applying the Technical Training Program (TTP). The most time in TTP was spent developing skills (30.7%), but all of the indicators of technical skills increased, in UTP 20.3% of all the training time was spent on technical fitness. The indicators of dribbling (control dribble test) in the Universal Training Programme increased by 10.91% (p < .05), (20m basketball dribbling test) by 3.7% (p < .05), shooting by 21.06% (p < .05).Conclusions. The results of the study showed that the mini-basketball players participating in the study corresponded to a good level of preparation. The most effective program for mini- basketballs players – Universal Training Program, in which an equal amount of attention is given to integral, physical and technical fitness.Keywords: mini-basketball, training program, development.
HUBUNGAN USIA DAN JARAK KEHAMILAN DENGAN KEJADIAN ANEMIA KLINIS SELAMA KEHAMILAN
Authors: Gusnidarsih Vevi
Published: April 2020

ABSTRACT

Pregnancy anemia called "potential denger to mother and child" (potentially harmful to mothers and children), because that is anemia requires serious attention from all related parties in health care. Data from the World Health Organizazion (WHO), globally the prevalence of anemia in pregnant women around the world was 41.8%, in 2018 increased to 48.9% (Rikesdas, 2018). One cause of occurrence and clinical anemia during pregnancy is the age and distance of pregnancy. The research methodology used in this study is an analytical survey using cross sectional methods. The population of this study includes all expectant mothers who are in the working area of Talang Randai public health center in south Bengkulu period of February-March 2018 amounted to 58 people. Data is analyzed using Chi-square. The results of the study obtained 53.4% of the respondents had anemia, 41.4% of the respondents with age at risk is < 20 and > 35 year, 37.5% of respondents with pregnancy distance at risk is < 2 years. The Chi-Square statistical shows the Î± value of < 0.005 meaning there is a meaningful relationship between the ages (P = 0,002) and the gestational distance (P = 0,003) with the incidence of clinical anemia during pregnancy in the working area of Talang Randai public health center in South Bengkulu Regency.

Keywords: Anemia, age, pregnancy distance
A subgingivális air-abrazív terápia hozzáadott hatása a krónikus parodontitis nem-sebészi kezelésében
Authors: Komlósi Laura , Vályi Péter
Published: April 2020

A parodontitis kezelésében a mai napig elengedhetetlen a subgingivális debrimentálás, amelynek hatékonyságát többféle kiegészítő terápiával próbálják fokozni, így az általunk jelen klinikai kísérletben használt subgingivális air-abrazív készülék alkalmazásával is.A kutatás első fázisában 8 páciens klinikai paramétereinek változását tudtuk értékelni „split-mouth” vizsgálatunkban, a tesztoldalon a hagyományos eszközökkel végzett subgingivális debrimentálást subgingivális air-abrazív kezeléssel egészítettük ki glycin por felhasználásával.Egy hónappal a beavatkozás után statisztikailag értékelhető különbséget nem találtunk a teszt- és a kontrolloldal között, a klinikai paraméterek mindkét oldalon szignifikáns javulást mutattak. A további szignifikáns javulás a tesztoldalon volt észlelhető a terápiát követő 3 hónap után elvégzett mérések szerint, és különösen a nehezen hozzáférhető helyeken (mély tasak, többgyökerű fogak) volt kedvezőbb az air-abrazív módszer kiegészítő hatása.Jelen, kis mintán végzett vizsgálatunkból azt a megállapítást tehetjük, hogy az air-abrazív módszer kiegészítő hatása a subgingivális debrimentálás hosszabb távú sikeréhez és a nehezebben hozzáférhető területek eredményesebb kezeléséhez vezethet.
A foghiányok osztályozásának lehetőségei régen és ma
Authors: Marada Gyula , Baráth Zoltán , Borbély Judit , Hermann Péter , Radics Tünde , Radnai Márta , Hegedűs Csaba
Published: April 2020

A foghiányok különböző osztályozását a protetikai ellátás megkönnyítésére, egységesítésére fejlesztették ki. Alapkoncepcióikjól tükrözik az adott korszak legkorszerűbb anyagtani és ellátási irányelveit. A különböző osztályozási rendszerekszámos előnyös tulajdonsággal rendelkeztek, de egyik sem tudta a velük szemben támasztott követelményeket maradéktalanulteljesíteni.Az elsők között publikált osztályozási forma az aktuális szemléletnek megfelelően a részleges kivehető fogpótlásokkaltörténő ellátáson alapult. Nem sokkal később Edward Kennedy megalkotta a mai napig nemzetközileg is legáltalánosabbanhasznált osztályozási rendszerét, amelynek alapja az egyes foghiányok előfordulási gyakorisága. Hazai körülményekreadaptált, elsősorban gyakorlatorientált sémát dolgozott ki több kiváló fogorvos, akik közül Lőrinczy és Földvári,valamint Fábián és Fejérdy munkásságát kell kiemelni.Az eddigi rendszerek hiányosságait mérlegelve az Amerikai Fogpótlástani Társaság merőben új rendszert dolgozottki. Cél, hogy terápiás támpontot adjon a gyakorló fogorvos számára a legkorszerűbb ellátási elveknek megfelelően. Ellátásukbonyolultsága, komplexitása szerint történik az osztályba sorolás a gerinc karakterisztikája, a fogatlan állcsont,a pillérfogak és az okklúzió figyelembevételével.
A nyálmirigydaganatok epidemiológiája világszerte
Authors: Németh Viola , Németh Zsolt , Ujpál Márta
Published: April 2020

A nyálmirigydaganatok nem sorolhatók a gyakori tumoros megbetegedések közé. Valószínűleg éppen ezért előfordulásukat tekintve világszerte viszonylag kevés szakirodalmi adat áll rendelkezésünkre. Cikkünkben igyekeztünk ezeketa tanulmányokat úgy összegyűjteni a különböző kontinensekről, hogy egy összefoglaló, releváns képet kaphassunk epidemiológiájukról. Kutatásunkhoz a PubMeden kerestünk publikációkat 1998 és 2018 között, és a kapott eredményeket rendszereztük. A benignus daganatok magasabb arányban, átlagosan 65,6%-ban fordultak elő, a malignusak 34,4%-ban, kivéve Nigériát és Iránt. Itt a malignus daganatok voltak gyakoribbak. Az átlagos életkor 46,8 év, Európában az 50-es, egyéb kontinenseken a 40-es korosztály érintett. A nemek közötti megoszlásban kiegyenlítettség található, kivéve Mexikót, Kamerunt és Teheránt, ahol jelentős a női dominancia. A legtöbb tumor a parotisban lokalizálódott, a leggyakoribb jóindulatú tumor a pleomorph adenoma, míg a rosszindulatúak között az adenocysticus carcinoma és a mucoepidermoid carcinoma álltak az első helyen. A világ egyes országaiban észlelt eltérések egyrészt földrajzi, etnikai és szociális okokra, másrészt az egészségügyi adminisztráció, regisztráció különbözőségére vezethetők vissza. Az okok pontosabb feltárására további vizsgálatokra van szükség.
Decision Support System for Fitting and Mapping Nonlinear Functions with Application to Insect Pest Management in the Biological Control Context
Authors: Guimapi Ritter A. , Mohamed Samira A. , Biber-Freudenberger Lisa , Mwangi Waweru , Ekesi Sunday , Borgemeister Christian , Tonnang Henri E. Z.
Published: April 2020

The process of moving from experimental data to modeling and characterizing the dynamics and interactions in natural processes is a challenging task. This paper proposes an interactive platform for fitting data derived from experiments to mathematical expressions and carrying out spatial visualization. The platform is designed using a component-based software architectural approach, implemented in R and the Java programming languages. It uses experimental data as input for model fitting, then applies the obtained model at the landscape level via a spatial temperature grid data to yield regional and continental maps. Different modules and functionalities of the tool are presented with a case study, in which the tool is used to establish a temperature-dependent virulence model and map the potential zone of efficacy of a fungal-based biopesticide. The decision support system (DSS) was developed in generic form, and it can be used by anyone interested in fitting mathematical equations to experimental data collected following the described protocol and, depending on the type of investigation, it offers the possibility of projecting the model at the landscape level.
A Comparison of Moment-Independent and Variance-Based Global Sensitivity Analysis Approaches for Wheat Yield Estimation with the Aquacrop-OS Model
Authors: Upreti Deepak , Pignatti Stefano , Pascucci Simone , Tolomio Massimo , Li Zhenhai , Huang Wenjiang , Casa Raffaele
Published: April 2020

The present work reports the global sensitivity analysis of the Aquacrop Open Source (AOS) model, which is the open-source version of the original Aquacrop model developed by the Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO). Analysis for identifying the most influential parameters was based on different strategies of global SA, density-based and variance-based, for the wheat crop in two different geographical locations and climates. The main objectives were to distinguish the model’s influential and non-influential parameters and to examine the yield output sensitivity. We compared two different methods of global sensitivity analysis: the most commonly used variance-based method, EFAST, and the moment independent density-based PAWN method developed in recent years. We have also identified non-influential parameters using Morris screening method, so to provide an idea of the use of non-influential parameters with a dummy parameter approach. For both the study areas (located in Italy and in China) and climates, a similar set of influential parameters was found, although with varying sensitivity. When compared with different probability distribution functions, the probability distribution function of yield was found to be best approximated by a Generalized Extreme Values distribution with Kolmogorov–Smirnov statistic of 0.030 and lowest Anderson–Darling statistic of 0.164, as compared to normal distribution function with Kolmogorov–Smirnov statistic of 0.122 and Anderson–Darling statistic of 4.099. This indicates that yield output is not normally distributed but has a rather skewed distribution function. In this case, a variance-based approach was not the best choice, and the density-based method performed better. The dummy parameter approach avoids to use a threshold as it is a subjective question; it advances the approach to setting up a threshold and gives an optimal way to set up a threshold and use it to distinguish between influential and non-influential parameters. The highly sensitive parameters to crop yield were specifically canopy and phenological development parameters, parameters that govern biomass/yield production and temperature stress parameters rather than root development and water stress parameters.
Main Motivational Factors of Farmers Adopting Precision Farming in Hungary
Authors: Balogh Péter , Bujdos Ágnes , Czibere Ibolya , Fodor László , Gabnai Zoltán , Kovách Imre , Nagy János , Bai Attila
Published: April 2020

The basic question of our research is what crop-producing farmers know about PF (precision farming), and how economic value and social factors motivate the acceptance and implementation of PF. We conducted a cross-sectional survey, using standardized questionnaires, in 2018, that was nationally representative of Hungarian crop producers. Besides this, we conducted 30 semi-structured interviews about the meaning of PF, with the farmers who use PF in practice. They defined it as a tool of strategic planning, to serve input savings, using state-of-the-art technologies. Based on the questionnaire, we found that the farmers currently applying PF do not seem to have such a significant impact on the agricultural society that would make others want to move to precision technology, following their example. As a result of the factor analysis, we could differentiate direct and indirect factors. Potential human resources are undereducated, their willingness to improve their knowledge is low, and the level of cooperation ability is low, making it excessively difficult, or even impossible, to acquire the equipment necessary for a technology switch and to purchase the necessary services. It can be concluded that age, production, and technical usefulness carries greater weight over things like monetary factors, productivity of cultivated land, knowledge capital, and willingness of Hungarian farmers to cooperate.
Reproductive Traits of an Invasive Alien Population of Grey Squirrel (Sciurus carolinensis) in Central Italy
Authors: Maranesi Margherita , Bufalari Antonello , Dall’Aglio Cecilia , Paoloni Daniele , Moretti Giulia , Crotti Silvia , Manuali Elisabetta , Stazi Marica , Bergamasco Francesca , Cruciani Deborah , Di Meo Antonio , Boiti Cristiano , Zerani Massimo , Mercati Francesca
Published: April 2020

The reproductive cycle of an invasive alien Italian grey squirrel population was studied to understand its adaptation and limit its spread, in order to conserve the autochthonous red squirrel. Female and male genital traits were evaluated throughout the reproductive cycle, including the ovary, uterus, testicle, epididymis, seminiferous tubule morphometry, and germinative epithelium histology. Moreover, individual female fecundity was determined by counting uterine scars. Ovary width and uterus weight, length, and width reached their highest values in the luteal and pregnancy phases. On conducting a histological evaluation of the testicular germinal epithelium, four morphotypes related to the different reproductive phases of the male squirrels were identified: immature, pubertal, spermatogenesis, and regressive. Testicle and epididymis weights and seminiferous tubule diameters reached their largest values during spermatogenesis. Uterine scar analysis showed that 69% of the females had given birth to one or two litters, while 31% had no uterine scars. Litters were larger in the first breeding period than in the second; annual fecundity was 4.52 ± 1.88 uterine scars/female. Umbrian grey squirrels have adapted to their non-native range, showing two annual mating periods at times similar to those in their native range, and high reproductive success.
Antimicrobial Resistance and Virulence Properties of Campylobacter Spp. Originating from Domestic Geese in Poland
Authors: Wysok Beata , Wojtacka Joanna , Wiszniewska-Łaszczych Agnieszka , Szteyn Joanna
Published: April 2020

A total of 240 samples were evaluated for the presence of Campylobacter spp. Campylobacter was found in 83.3% of the cecum contents samples and 52.5% of the neck skin samples from carcasses. The prevailing species was C. jejuni, accounting for 87.7% of all Campylobacter isolates, and the remaining 12.3% of isolates were C. coli. All Campylobacter isolates, independent of the sample origin and species, were positive for 6 out of 15 tested genes (flaA, flhA, cadF, racR, ciaB, and cdtA genes). The prevalence of dnaJ, docA, pldA, cdtB, cdtC, and iam genes was also very common (ranging from 86.5% to 98.8%). The lowest prevalence was noted for virB11 and wlaN genes, both in Campylobacter isolates from cecum (12% and 19%) and carcasses (11.1% and 17.5%). None of the isolates tested, regardless of the sample origin, carried the cgtB gene. The highest resistance rates were observed for quinolones (90.8%) and tetracyclines (79.8%). Simultaneously, only single Campylobacter isolate was resistant to macrolides (0.6%) and none of the isolates showed resistance to aminoglycosides and amphenicols. The common presence of Campylobacter on geese carcasses as well as the detection of multidrug-resistant isolates indicate that consuming goose meat might cause a potential risk, therefore leading to human campylobacteriosis.
Pathotypes and Antimicrobial Susceptibility of Escherichia Coli Isolated from Wild Boar (Sus scrofa) in Tuscany
Authors: Bertelloni Fabrizio , Cilia Giovanni , Bogi Samantha , Ebani Valentina Virginia , Turini Luca , Nuvoloni Roberta , Cerri Domenico , Fratini Filippo , Turchi Barbara
Published: April 2020

Wild boar are among the most widespread wild mammals in Europe. Although this species can act as a reservoir for different pathogens, data about its role as a carrier of pathogenic and antimicrobial-resistant Escherichia coli are still scarce. The aim of this study was to evaluate the occurrence of antimicrobial-resistant and pathogenic Escherichia coli in wild boar in the Tuscany region of Italy. During the hunting season of 2018–2019, E. coli was isolated from 175 of 200 animals and subjected to antimicrobial resistance tests and PCR for detection of resistance and virulence factor genes. The highest resistance rates were against cephalothin (94.3%), amoxicillin–clavulanic acid (87.4%), ampicillin (68.6%), and tetracycline (44.6%). The most detected resistance genes were blaCMY-2 (54.3%), sul1 (38.9%), sul2 (30.9%), and tetG (24.6%). Concerning genes encoding virulence factors, 55 of 175 isolates (31.4%) were negative for all tested genes. The most detected genes were hlyA (47.4%), astA (29.1%), stx2 (24.6%), eaeA (17.1%), and stx1 (11.4%). E. coli was classified as Shiga toxin-producing E. coli (STEC) (21.7%), enterohemorrhagic E. coli (EHEC) (6.3%), enteroaggregative E. coli (EAEC) (5.1%), and atypical enteropathogenic E. coli (aEPEC) (3.4%). Enterotoxigenic E. coli (ETEC), enteroinvasive E. coli (EIEC), and typical enteropathogenic E. coli (tEPEC) were not detected. Our results show that wild boars could carry pathogenic and antimicrobial-resistant E. coli, representing a possible reservoir of domestic animal and human pathogens.
A Detailed Study of Rainbow Trout (Onchorhynchus mykiss) Intestine Revealed That Digestive and Absorptive Functions Are Not Linearly Distributed along Its Length
Authors: Verdile Nicole , Pasquariello Rolando , Scolari Marco , Scirè Giulia , Brevini Tiziana A. L. , Gandolfi Fulvio
Published: April 2020

To increase the sustainability of trout farming, the industry requires alternatives to fish-based meals that do not compromise animal health and growth performances. To develop new feeds, detailed knowledge of intestinal morphology and physiology is required. We performed histological, histochemical, immunohistochemical and morphometric analysis at typical time points of in vivo feeding trials (50, 150 and 500 g). Only minor changes occurred during growth whereas differences characterized two compartments, not linearly distributed along the intestine. The first included the pyloric caeca, the basal part of the complex folds and the villi of the distal intestine. This was characterized by a significantly smaller number of goblet cells with smaller mucus vacuoles, higher proliferation and higher apoptotic rate but a smaller extension of fully differentiated epithelial cells and by the presence of numerous pinocytotic vacuolization. The second compartment was formed by the proximal intestine and the apical part of the posterior intestine complex folds. Here we observed more abundant goblet cells with bigger vacuoles, low proliferation rate, few round apoptotic cells, a more extended area of fully differentiated cells and no pinocytotic vacuoles. Our results suggest that rainbow trout intestine is physiologically arranged to mingle digestive and absorptive functions along its length.
A Data-Driven Prediction Method for an Early Warning of Coccidiosis in Intensive Livestock Systems: A Preliminary Study
Authors: Borgonovo Federica , Ferrante Valentina , Grilli Guido , Pascuzzo Riccardo , Vantini Simone , Guarino Marcella
Published: April 2020

Coccidiosis is still one of the major parasitic infections in poultry. It is caused by protozoa of the genus Eimeria, which cause concrete economic losses due to malabsorption, bad feed conversion rate, reduced weight gain, and increased mortality. The greatest damage is registered in commercial poultry farms because birds are reared together in large numbers and high densities. Unfortunately, these enteric pathologies are not preventable, and their diagnosis is only available when the disease is full-blown. For these reasons, the preventive use of anticoccidials—some of these with antimicrobial action—is a common practice in intensive farming, and this type of management leads to the release of drugs in the environment which contributes to the phenomenon of antibiotic resistance. Due to the high relevance of this issue, the early detection of any health problem is of great importance to improve animal welfare in intensive farming. Three prototypes, previously calibrated and adjusted, were developed and tested in three different experimental poultry farms in order to evaluate whether the system was able to identify the coccidia infection in intensive poultry farms early. For this purpose, a data-driven machine learning algorithm was built, and specific critical values of volatile organic compounds (VOCs) were found to be associated with abnormal levels of oocystis count at an early stage of the disease. This result supports the feasibility of building an automatic data-driven machine learning algorithm for an early warning of coccidiosis.
Development of Antimicrobial Stewardship Programmes in Low and Middle-Income Countries: A Mixed-Methods Study in Nigerian Hospitals
Authors: Kpokiri Eneyi E. , Taylor David G. , Smith Felicity J.
Published: April 2020

Antimicrobial resistance (AMR) is a major concern facing global health today, with the greatest impact in developing countries where the burden of infectious diseases is much higher. The inappropriate prescribing and use of antibiotics are contributory factors to increasing antibiotic resistance. Antimicrobial stewardship programmes (AMS) are implemented to optimise use and promote behavioural change in the use of antimicrobials. AMS programmes have been widely employed and proven to improve antibiotic use in many high-income settings. However, strategies to contain antimicrobial resistance have yet to be successfully implemented in low-resource settings. A recent toolkit for AMS in low- and middle-income countries by the World Health Organisation (WHO) recognizes the importance of local context in the development of AMS programmes. This study employed a bottom-up approach to identify important local determinants of antimicrobial prescribing practices in a low-middle income setting, to inform the development of a local AMS programme. Analysis of prescribing practices and interviews with prescribers highlighted priorities for AMS, which include increasing awareness of antibiotic resistance, development and maintenance of guidelines for antibiotic use, monitoring and surveillance of antibiotic use, ensuring the quality of low-cost generic medicines, and improved laboratory services. The application of an established theoretical model for behaviour change guided the development of specific proposals for AMS. Finally, in a consultation with stakeholders, the feasibility of the plan was explored along with strategies for its implementation. This project provides an example of the design, and proposal for implementation of an AMS plan to improve antibiotic use in hospitals in low-middle income settings.
Acinetobacter baumannii Resistance: A Real Challenge for Clinicians
Authors: Vázquez-López Rosalino , Solano-Gálvez Sandra Georgina , Juárez Vignon-Whaley Juan José , Abello Vaamonde Jorge Andrés , Padró Alonzo Luis Andrés , Rivera Reséndiz Andrés , Muleiro Álvarez Mauricio , Vega López Eunice Nabil , Franyuti-Kelly Giorgio , Álvarez-Hernández Diego Abelardo , Moncaleano Guzmán Valentina , Juárez Bañuelos Jorge Ernesto , Marcos Felix José , González Barrios Juan Antonio , Barrientos Fortes Tomás
Published: April 2020

Acinetobacter baumannii (named in honor of the American bacteriologists Paul and Linda Baumann) is a Gram-negative, multidrug-resistant (MDR) pathogen that causes nosocomial infections, especially in intensive care units (ICUs) and immunocompromised patients with central venous catheters. A. baumannii has developed a broad spectrum of antimicrobial resistance, associated with a higher mortality rate among infected patients compared with other non-baumannii species. In terms of clinical impact, resistant strains are associated with increases in both in-hospital length of stay and mortality. A. baumannii can cause a variety of infections; most involve the respiratory tract, especially ventilator-associated pneumonia, but bacteremia and skin wound infections have also been reported, the latter of which has been prominently observed in the context of war-related trauma. Cases of meningitis associated with A. baumannii have been documented. The most common risk factor for the acquisition of MDR A baumannii is previous antibiotic use, following by mechanical ventilation, length of ICU/hospital stay, severity of illness, and use of medical devices. Current efforts focus on addressing all the antimicrobial resistance mechanisms described in A. baumannii, with the objective of identifying the most promising therapeutic scheme. Bacteriophage- and artilysin-based therapeutic approaches have been described as effective, but further research into their clinical use is required
New Insights on Mechanical Stimulation of Mesenchymal Stem Cells for Cartilage Regeneration
Authors: Ravalli Silvia , Szychlinska Marta Anna , Lauretta Giovanni , Musumeci Giuseppe
Published: April 2020

Successful tissue regeneration therapies require further understanding of the environment in which the cells are destined to be set. The aim is to structure approaches that aspire to a holistic view of biological systems and to scientific reliability. Mesenchymal stem cells represent a valuable resource for cartilage tissue engineering, due to their chondrogenic differentiation capacity. Promoting chondrogenesis, not only by growth factors but also by exogenous enhancers such as biomechanics, represents a technical enhancement. Tribological evaluation of the articular joint has demonstrated how mechanical stimuli play a pivotal role in cartilage repair and participate in the homeostasis of this tissue. Loading stresses, physiologically experienced by chondrocytes, can upregulate the production of proteins like glycosaminoglycan or collagen, fundamental for articular wellness, as well as promote and preserve cell viability. Therefore, there is a rising interest in the development of bioreactor devices that impose compression, shear stress, and hydrostatic pressure on stem cells. This strategy aims to mimic chondrogenesis and overcome complications like hypertrophic phenotyping and inappropriate mechanical features. This review will analyze the dynamics inside the joint, the natural stimuli experienced by the chondrocytes, and how the biomechanical stimuli can be applied to a stem cell culture in order to induce chondrogenesis.
Development of Control System for Automated Manual Transmission of 45-kW Agricultural Tractor
Authors: Kim Wan-Soo , Kim Yong-Joo , Kim Yeon-Soo , Baek Seung-Yun , Baek Seung-Min , Lee Dae-Hyun , Nam Kyu-Chul , Kim Tae-Bum , Lee Hyo-Jai
Published: April 2020

This study aims to develop and evaluate an automated manual transmission (AMT) for agricultural tractors with high efficiency and high convenience by using electric actuators. An AMT system to control manual-type shuttle gearboxes and transmissions for tractors is developed by adding a shuttle shifting actuator, a clutch actuator, and a control system to a conventional manual transmission (MT). The clutch actuator is designed using an electric motor and a reduction gear. The AMT control system is developed and experimental tests are conducted to evaluate the performance of the AMT. The results of the performance of the actuator position control demonstrate that the shuttle shifting actuator and clutch actuator are controlled appropriately, achieving a maximum overshoot of less than 5% and 0%, a settling time of less than 0.500 s and 1.50 s, and a steady-state error of less than 1% and 1%, respectively. The performance of the automatic forward and reverse control demonstrates a shift control time of less than 2.50 s and target revolutions per minute (RPM) reaching time of less than 3.00 s. Thus, AMT systems for tractors can be easily developed by applying shuttle shifting actuators, clutch actuators, and a control system to conventional manual transmissions.
Exploitation of Wood Waste of Pinus spp for Briquette Production: A Case Study in the Community of San Francisco Pichátaro, Michoacán, Mexico
Authors: Morales-Máximo M. , Ruíz-García V.M. , López-Sosa L. B. , Rutiaga-Quiñones J. G.
Published: April 2020

This study describes the exploitation of wood waste (Pinus spp.) in the form of sawdust and shavings generated during the production of furniture and artisanal items in a community in the state of Michoacán, western Mexico. A process is described to densifying this raw material, to produce solid-type biofuel briquettes that can be used to satisfy the need to generate low-power heat for residential sectors. Briquette production involved six stages: (a) gathering samples of sawdust and shavings from artisanal workshops in the community; (b) proximal characterization of the samples; (c) elaborating the briquettes; (d) physicochemical characterization of the briquettes; (e) evaluation of the physical-thermal combustion of the briquettes; and (f) an economic evaluation of briquette production to determine viability. Finally, we performed a comparative analysis of the energy, economic, and environmental indicators of the briquettes produced and conventional pine and oak firewood (Pinus spp., Quercus spp.) in the study community. The results show the viability of using biomass residues to make briquettes, which are efficient, economic and easy to make and use.
Fast Frequency Response of a Doubly-Fed Induction Generator for System Inertia Support
Authors: Yang Dejian , Gao Hong-Chao , Zhang Lei , Li Jingjiao , Zhang Xinsong , Hua Liang
Published: April 2020

Converter-interfaced doubly-fed induction generators (DFIGs) can provide short-term frequency support (STFS) capability by releasing rotating kinetic energy. After arresting the frequency decrease, the rotor speed should return to its initial operating condition. During the rotor speed recovery process, special attention should paid to the performance of the rotor speed restoration duration and size of the second frequency drop (SFD). This paper suggests an enhanced STFS method of DFIGs to preserve better performance of the frequency nadir with less released rotating kinetic energy and accelerate the rotor speed restoration. To this end, a rotor speed-varying incremental power is proposed and is added to the maximum power tracking (MPT) operation reference during STFS, thereby releasing less rotating kinetic energy from DFIGs; afterward, the power reference smoothly decreases to the reference for MPT operation during the preset period. Test results clearly demonstrate that since even less rotating kinetic energy is utilized, the proposed method can preserve better performance of heightening the frequency nadir; furthermore, the proposed method accelerates the rotor speed restoration when the proposed strategy produces the same SFD as the conventional method, thereby improving the power grid resilience.
Influences of Material Variations of Functionally Graded Pipe on the Bree Diagram
Authors: Mehditabar Aref , Ansari Sadrabadi Saeid , Sepe Raffaele , Armentani Enrico , Walker Jason , Citarella Roberto
Published: April 2020

The present research is concerned with the elastic–plastic responses of functionally graded material (FGM) pipe, undergoing two types of loading conditions. For the first case, the FGM is subjected to sustained internal pressure combined with a cyclic bending moment whereas, in the second case, sustained internal pressure is applied simultaneously with a cyclic through-thickness temperature gradient. The properties of the studied FGM are considered to be variable through shell thickness according to a power-law function. Two different designs of the FGM pipe are adopted in the present research, where the inner surface in one case and the outer surface in the other are made from pure 1026 carbon steel. The constitutive relations are developed based on the Chaboche nonlinear kinematic hardening model, classical normality rule and von Mises yield function. The backward Euler alongside the return mapping algorithm (RMA) is employed to perform the numerical simulation. The results of the proposed integration procedure were implemented in ABAQUS using a UMAT user subroutine and validated by a comparison between experiments and finite element (FE) simulation. Various cyclic responses of the two prescribed models of FGM pipe for the two considered loading conditions are classified and brought together in one diagram known as Bree’s diagram.
Testing of a Dual-Steel-Plate-Confined High-Performance Concrete Composite Shaft Lining Structure and Its Application
Authors: Yao Zhishu , Zhang Ping , Cheng Hua , Xue Weipei , Li Xiang
Published: April 2020

To address the support problem of large-diameter drilling shafts in the west area of Zhangji coal mine, a thinner shaft lining structure composed of double layers of steel plate and high-performance concrete is proposed herein. Firstly, a series of tests of high-performance concrete preparation were carried out, and the optimized mix ratio of pumping concrete with 60–70 MPa strength for shaft lining of the drilled shaft was obtained. Then, shaft lining models were designed according to the similarity theory, and the mechanical properties of the shaft lining were experimentally studied by loading test. The test results showed that the stress state of concrete in the shaft was obviously improved, and the compressive strength of concrete was increased by 1.97–2.52 times. Finally, the results of the study were applied to a shaft in the control strata of the inlet shaft in the west area of Zhangji coal mine, which made it possible to use the drilling method to construct the shaft. The following field measurement showed that the annular strain of the shaft lining concrete was −487 με, which is far less than the ultimate strain value of C65 concrete, and the shaft lining structure was kept safe and reliable.