bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Dynamic Interaction Between Microtubules and the Nucleus Regulates Nuclear Movement During Neuronal Migration
Authors: Wu You Kure , Kengaku Mineko
Published: July 2018

Fine structures of the mammalian brain are formed by neuronal migration during development. Newborn neurons migrate long distances from the germinal zone to individual sites of function by squeezing their largest cargo, the nucleus, through the crowded neural tissue. Nuclear translocation is thought to be orchestrated by microtubules, actin, and their associated motor proteins, dynein and myosin. However, where and how the cytoskeletal forces are converted to actual nuclear movement remains unclear. Using high-resolution confocal imaging of live migrating neurons, we demonstrated that microtubule-dependent forces are directly applied to the nucleus via the linker of nucleoskeleton and cytoskeleton complex, and that they induce dynamic nuclear movement, including translocation, rotation, and local peaking. Microtubules bind to small points on the nuclear envelope via the minus- and plus-oriented motor proteins, dynein and kinesin-1, and generate a point force independent of the actin-dependent force. Dynamic binding of microtubule motors might cause a continuously changing net force vector acting on the nucleus and results in a stochastic and inconsistent movement of the nucleus, which are seen in crowded neural tissues.
“Taking responsibility for my health”: Health system barriers and women’s attitudes toward cervical cancer screening in Romania and Bulgaria
Authors: Crăciun Irina Catrinel , Todorova Irina , Băban Adriana
Published: July 2018

The study used mixed-methods to illustrate the complexity of the interplay between the contexts in Bulgaria and Romania and women’s attitudes and behaviors related to screening. A secondary analysis of quantitative data from Romanian (n = 1053) and Bulgarian (n = 1099) women and qualitative interviews ( n = 30 Romanian, n = 35 Bulgarian) was performed. Low rates of screening attendance were found in both countries. Regression analysis illustrates that attitudes and social norms significantly predicted intentions and screening behavior in both countries. Thematic analysis revealed that systemic barriers and cultural meanings were relevant to women’s decisions to attend screening or avoid contact with the health-care system.
Does the presence of formulaic language help or hinder second language listeners’ lower-level processing?
Authors: Yeldham Michael
Published: July 2018

This study examined the influence of formulaic language on second language (L2) listeners’ lower-level processing, in terms of their ability to accurately identify the words in texts. On the one hand, there were reasons for expecting the presence of the formulas to advantage the learners, because the learners would process these formulaic words more holistically than the surrounding non-formulaic words. On the other hand, though, because formulas are commonly uttered in more reduced fashion than their surrounding non-formulaic words – and L2 learners commonly face challenges understanding reduced speech – it was possible that the formulas would negatively impact the learners’ processing. The participants listened to four texts, which were paused intermittently for them to transcribe the final stretch of words they had heard prior to each pause. The researcher had previously categorized these words as being part of formulas or non-formulas through corpus analysis. By comparing the listeners’ identification of the formulaic and the non-formulaic language, the study found that formulaic language facilitated their lower-level listening. This degree of advantage, however, varied across text difficulty level and listener proficiency level. Based on the findings, implications for L2 listening instruction are discussed.
Did Television Reduce the Effect of Partisan Press on Electoral Politics?
Authors: Song B. K.
Published: July 2018

In this study, I examine whether the effect of biased media can be reduced when voters have an alternative source of political information. Specifically, I investigate whether the introduction of television mitigated the effect of partisan press on U.S. presidential elections from 1944 to 1964. I first show that newspaper coverage of presidential campaigns during this period was affected by newspapers’ party affiliations and their readers’ political preferences. The main finding of this study is that television decreased the correlation between the circulation of partisan newspapers and parties’ vote share. The results suggest that the existence of centrist media can make voters less susceptible to partisan media.
Research on the effects of double arc oil groove parameters on oil film torque in hydro-viscous drive
Authors: Cui Hongwei , Deng Yuanyuan , Lian Zisheng
Published: July 2018

In order to study the influence of double arc oil groove parameters on oil film torque in hydro-viscous drive, the numerical simulation and parameterized analyzing platform were built. The flow field characteristics were carried out using CFX. The parameter analysis platform was integrated with parameterized design of grooves, numerical simulation, and design of experiment (DOE). The effects of groove parameters on output torque were analyzed. The results indicate that the output torque consists of shear torque and impact torque, and the oil film shear torque plays a more important role in total torque. The shear torque is mainly affected by coefficient of effective area and velocity distribution. The velocity distribution and dynamic pressure on sidewalls are the main influencing factors on impact torque. The effect of eccentricity and oil grooves depth on the output torque is positive, but others are negative. In addition, the eccentricity and inner diameter of eccentric circle are sensitive parameters. The effects of oil groove parameters on oil film torque are analyzed accurately using the parameterized analyzing platform that is integrated with CAD, CFX, and DOE. A new method and theoretical foundation are provided for design of complex oil grooves in hydro-viscous drive.
Complicity and memory in soldiers’ testimonies of the Algerian war of decolonisation in Esprit and Les Temps modernes
Authors: McDonnell Hugh
Published: July 2018

In the closing phase of the Algerian War in March 1962, Jean-Marie Domenach, director of the journal Esprit, upbraided his counterpart at Les Temps modernes, Jean-Paul Sartre, for failing to understand the greyness of most human actions and the pervasiveness of knots of complicity. Concern for the complexity of complicity was also apparent in Les Temps modernes circles, however, and it was precisely complicity, both in the form of violence of French troops and of the habituation or indifference of the broader French public, that editor Simone de Beauvoir termed a ‘tetanus of the imagination’. Strikingly, she suggested that a means of countering this affliction of getting used to the unconscionable were testimonies of soldiers returning from Algeria in both Les Temps modernes and Esprit. This article examines this mutual concern for the complexities of complicity and investigates its relationship to memory through the curious importance de Beauvoir placed on such testimonies in these two journals. The discussion looks at the mobilisation of the memory of the Second World War in these testimonies, including analogies with fascism and Nazism, and argues that, rather than merely fashionable hyperbole, they powerfully depicted a multifaceted crisis: in Algeria, of French youth, and of France itself. The second part of the article investigates the testimonies’ representation of military institutionalisation – including its detrimental effects on imagination and the facilitation of violence. These representations of systemic or institutional complicity are contextualised alongside scholarly claims that the Algerian war involved a renegotiation of the memory of Vichy France. I argue that the example of these testimonies calls for a qualification of such claims; though they prefigured later conceptions of a complicity memory trope, or ‘the grey zone’ of Vichy France, they did not override the dominant Second World War memory characterised by heroes and victims.
Pharmacist–Patient Communication in Prostate Cancer as a Strategy to Humanize Health Care: A Qualitative Study
Authors: Scarabelin Aline , Santana Dosea Aline , Aguiar Patricia Melo , Storpirtis Sílvia
Published: July 2018

Background:

Pharmacists require effective communication skills to enhance involvement in patient care. Nevertheless, there are few qualitative studies exploring “how” pharmacist–patient communication occurs and none targets patients with cancer.

Objective:

To describe the perceptions of outpatients with prostate cancer regarding the communication process during clinical pharmacy service in a community pharmacy.

Methods:

A qualitative study was performed from semistructured interviews with 10 patients. These interviews were audiotape-recorded and transcribed comprehensively, and the data were analyzed using content analysis. The validation of the categories and registration units was made by 2 independent authors and reviewed by a third author.

Results:

Three categories were established from the content analysis (general perceptions of the pharmacist–patient communication, potentialities of effective communication, and points for improvement). Communication is a complex process and involves, in addition to information exchange, the sharing of thoughts, desires, and fears. Our findings hold that effective communication skills by pharmacist can help patients validate their concerns, develop a trusting patient–pharmacist relationship, address drug therapy problems, and lead to better health outcomes.

Conclusion:

Pharmacist–patient communication is an important strategy for humanized practice. This allows the pharmacist to see beyond an individual with health problems to a human being with particularized needs.
TNP-470 skews DC differentiation to Th1-stimulatory phenotypes and can serve as a novel adjuvant in a cancer vaccine
Authors: Ho Derek Hoi-Hang , Wong Roger Hoi-Fung
Published: July 2018

Key Points

TNP-470 skews DC differentiation to a phenotype with Th1-stimulatory features. TNP-470–treated DC vaccine protects mice from tumors by tumor-specific immunogenicity induction in prophylactic and therapeutic settings.
A Phase 1 trial of autologous monocytes stimulated ex vivo with Sylatron® (Peginterferon alfa-2b) and Actimmune® (Interferon gamma-1b) for intra-peritoneal administration in recurrent ovarian cancer
Authors: Green Daniel S. , Nunes Ana T. , David-Ocampo Virginia , Ekwede Irene B. , Houston Nicole D. , Highfill Steven L. , Khuu Hanh , Stroncek David F. , Steinberg Seth M. , Zoon Kathryn C. , Annunziata Christina M.
Published: July 2018

Background

Ovarian cancer has no definitive second line therapeutic options, and largely recurs in the peritoneal cavity. Locoregional immune therapy using both interferons and monocytes can be used as a novel approach. Interferons have both cytostatic and cytotoxic properties, while monocytes stimulated with interferons have potent cytotoxic properties. Due to the highly immune suppressive properties of ovarian cancer, ex vivo stimulation of autologous patient monocytes with interferons and infusion of all three agents intraperitoneally (IP) can provide a strong pro-inflammatory environment at the site of disease to kill malignant cells.

Methods

Patient monocytes are isolated through counterflow elutriation and stimulated ex vivo with interferons and infused IP through a semi-permanent catheter. We have designed a standard 3 + 3 dose escalation study to explore the highest tolerated dose of interferons and monocytes infused IP in patients with chemotherapy resistant ovarian cancer. Secondary outcome measurements of changes in the peripheral blood immune compartment and plasma cytokines will be studied for correlations of response.

Discussion

We have developed a novel immunotherapy focused on the innate immune system for the treatment of ovarian cancer. We have combined the use of autologous monocytes and interferons alpha and gamma for local–regional administration directly into the peritoneal cavity. This therapy is highly unique in that it is the first study of its type using only components of the innate immune system for the locoregional delivery consisting of autologous monocytes and dual interferons alpha and gamma.

Trial Registration ClinicalTrials.gov Identifier: NCT02948426, registered on October 28, 2016. https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT02948426
CrashSafe: a formal model for proving crash-safety of Android applications
Authors: Khan Wilayat , Ullah Habib , Ahmad Aakash , Sultan Khalid , Alzahrani Abdullah J. , Khan Sultan Daud , Alhumaid Mohammad , Abdulaziz Sultan
Published: July 2018

Each software application running on Android powered devices consists of application components that communicate with each other to support application’s functionality for enhanced user experience of mobile computing. Application components inside Android system communicate with each other using inter-component communication mechanism based on messages called intents. An android application crashes if it invokes an intent that can not be received by (or resolved to) any application on the device. Application crashes represent a severe fault that relates to compromised users’ experience, consequently resulting in decreased ratings, usage trends and revenues for such applications. To address this issue—by formally proving crash-safety property of Android applications—we have defined a formal model of Android inter-component communication using Coq theorem prover. The mathematical model defined in theorem prover allows one to prove the properties of inter-component communication system and check the correctness of the proof in an automated way. To demonstrate the significance of the formal model developed, we carried proof of crash-safety of Android applications using Coq tool. The proposed solution named supports a formal approach that enables one to (i) check the correctness of inter-component communication in Android systems and (ii) establish a formal foundation for other tools to assess Android applications’ reliability and safety.
Viral antigens detectable in CSF exosomes from patients with retrovirus associated neurologic disease: functional role of exosomes
Authors: Anderson Monique R. , Pleet Michelle L. , Enose‐Akahata Yoshimi , Erickson James , Monaco Maria Chiara , Akpamagbo Yao , Velluci Ashley , Tanaka Yuetsu , Azodi Shila , Lepene Ben , Jones Jennifer , Kashanchi Fatah , Jacobson Steven
Published: July 2018

Background

HTLV‐1 infects over 20 million people worldwide and causes a progressive neuroinflammatory disorder in a subset of infected individuals called HTLV‐1 associated myelopathy/tropical spastic paraparesis (HAM/TSP). The detection of HTLV‐1 specific T cells in the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) suggests this disease is immunopathologically mediated and that it may be driven by viral antigens. Exosomes are microvesicles originating from the endosomal compartment that are shed into the extracellular space by various cell types. It is now understood that several viruses take advantage of this mode of intercellular communication for packaging of viral components as well. We sought to understand if this is the case in HTLV‐1 infection, and specifically if HTLV‐1 proteins can be found in the CSF of HAM/TSP patients where we know free virus is absent, and furthermore, if exosomes containing HTLV‐1 Tax have functional consequences.

Results

Exosomes that were positive for HTLV‐1 Tax by Western blot were isolated from HAM/TSP patient PBMCs (25/36) in ex vivo cultures by trapping exosomes from culture supernatants. HTLV‐1 seronegative PBMCs did not have exosomes with Tax (0/12), (Fisher exact test, p = 0.0001). We were able to observe HAM/TSP patient CSF (12/20) containing Tax+ exosomes but not in HTLV‐1 seronegative MS donors (0/5), despite the absence of viral detection in the CSF supernatant (Fisher exact test p = 0.0391). Furthermore, exosomes cultivated from HAM/TSP PBMCs were capable of sensitizing target cells for HTLV‐1 specific CTL lysis.

Conclusion

Cumulatively, these results show that there are HTLV‐1 proteins present in exosomes found in virus‐free CSF. HAM/TSP PBMCs, particularly CD4+CD25+ T cells, can excrete these exosomes containing HTLV‐1 Tax and may be a source of the exosomes found in patient CSF. Importantly, these exosomes are capable of sensitizing an HTLV‐1 specific immune response, suggesting that they may play a role in the immunopathology observed in HAM/TSP. Given the infiltration of HTLV‐1 Tax‐specific CTLs into the CNS of HAM/TSP patients, it is likely that exosomes may also contribute to the continuous activation and inflammation observed in HAM/TSP, and may suggest future targeted therapies in this disorder.
The ethos of Chinese capitalism: lessons from the career paths of Shanghai white-collar workers
Authors: Guiheux Gilles
Published: July 2018

This paper considers the issue of labor and labor regimes in China from a micro angle. It aims at identifying how individuals in today’s China relate to work and labor after the « thirty glorious years » of booming economic growth. The analysis of changing attitudes to work and labor takes up the notion of strategy, considering that individuals in a given social environment have the capacity to promote their own personal interests and take action to increase their gains or benefits. Listening to the discourse of a group of white-class workers, the Chinese capitalism ethos appears to be close to how social scientists have described Western capitalism, wherein employees are autonomous, flexible, creative and individualistic. At the same time, this survey shows that, beyond complying with this ethos, individuals are able to make choices. The white-collar workers we met set down clear requirements when it comes to choosing a job. Employment should advance their personal development, but should not be to the detriment of other aspects of their lives. In today’s China, while industrial workers are fighting for decent salaries after decades of marginalization, white-collar workers are also making new demands of their employees in terms of the quality of their jobs and lives.
Second-generation antipsychotics and metabolic side-effects: Canadian population-based study
Authors: Hirsch Lauren , Patten Scott B. , Bresee Lauren , Jette Nathalie , Pringsheim Tamara
Published: July 2018

Background

Use of second-generation antipsychotics (SGA) has increased in recent years; however, their use and effect on metabolic outcomes has been poorly characterised in population-level studies.

Aims

This study aimed to determine the associations between SGA use and metabolic indicators in a general population.

Method

We used data from the Canadian Health Measures Survey, a cross-sectional survey of Canadian households. Participants were Canadians aged 3–79 years, living in one of the ten provinces. Several metabolic indicators were examined, including weight, body mass index, waist circumference, hypertension, diabetes and two definitions of metabolic syndrome.

Results

The proportion of Canadians taking an SGA tripled over the study period. SGA use was significantly associated with hypertension (odds ratio 1.94, 95% CI 1.07–3.55) and abdominal obesity in adults, as defined by the National Cholesterol Education Program–Adult Treatment Panel III (odds ratio 2.62, 95% CI 1.45–4.71).

Conclusions

Evidence of metabolic dysfunction with SGAs is seen in the Canadian population, along with a rapid increase in prevalence of use since 2007.

Declaration of interest

None.
PRP-19, a conserved pre-mRNA processing factor and E3 ubiquitin ligase, inhibits the nuclear accumulation of GLP-1/Notch intracellular domain
Authors: Gutnik Silvia , Thomas Yann , Guo Yanwu , Stoecklin Janosch , Neagu Anca , Pintard Lionel , Merlet Jorge , Ciosk Rafal
Published: July 2018

The Notch signalling pathway is a conserved and widespread signalling paradigm, and its misregulation has been implicated in numerous disorders, including cancer. The output of Notch signalling depends on the nuclear accumulation of the Notch receptor intracellular domain (ICD). Using the Caenorhabditis elegans germline, where GLP-1/Notch-mediated signalling is essential for maintaining stem cells, we monitored GLP-1 in vivo. We found that the nuclear enrichment of GLP-1 ICD is dynamic: while the ICD is enriched in germ cell nuclei during larval development, it is depleted from the nuclei in adult germlines. We found that this pattern depends on the ubiquitin proteolytic system and the splicing machinery and, identified the splicing factor PRP-19 as a candidate E3 ubiquitin ligase required for the nuclear depletion of GLP-1 ICD.
Automated measurement of upper thermal limits in small aquatic animals
Authors: Burton Tim , Zeis Bettina , Einum Sigurd
Published: July 2018

We present a method for automating the measurement of upper thermal limits in small aquatic organisms. Upper thermal limits are frequently defined by the cessation of movement at high temperature, with measurement being performed by manual observation. Consequently, estimates of upper thermal limits may be subject to error and bias, both within- and among-observers. Our method utilises video-based tracking software to record the movement of individuals when exposed to high, lethal temperature. We develop an algorithm in the R computing language that can objectively identify the loss of locomotory function from tracking data. Using independent experimental data we validate our approach by demonstrating the expected response in upper thermal limits to acclimation temperature. Our R-code and the tracking data used in its development is made available on figshare.
TMD symptoms and vertical mandibular symmetry in young adult orthodontic patients in North Sumatra, Indonesia: a cross-sectional study
Authors: Sofyanti Ervina , Boel Trelia , Soegiharto Benny , Auerkari Elza I.
Published: July 2018

Background: Temporomandibular joint disorder (TMD) includes symptoms of pain and dysfunction in the muscles of mastication and the temporomandibular joint. Differences in vertical condylar height, observed in the assessment of mandibular asymmetry, is a structural alteration that represents a risk factor for TMD. The study aimed to evaluate the association between TMD symptoms and vertical mandibular symmetry in young adult orthodontic patients in North Sumatra, Indonesia. 

Methods: The cross-sectional study included 18-25-year-old (mean ± SD, 21.9 ± 2.0 years) old orthodontic patients admitted to the Dental Hospital of Universitas Sumatera Utara, Medan, between June 2016 and March 2017. Vertical mandibular asymmetry was assessed from all 106 subjects using Kjellberg’s technique from pre-treatment panoramic radiographs. The TMD symptoms were assessed by structural interviews using modified questionnaires based on Temporomandibular Disorder Diagnostic Index and Fonseca’s Anamnestic Index.

Results: Of the 106 subjects, 26 (24.5% of the total) with vertical mandibular symmetry and 39 (36.8%) with vertical mandibular asymmetry were positive for TMD symptoms. By contrast, 17 patients (16.0% of the total) with vertical condylar symmetry and 24 patients (22.6%) with vertical mandibular asymmetry were regarded negative for TMD symptoms. There was no significant difference (p=0.520) in TMD symptoms based on vertical mandibular symmetry.

Conclusion: The results from this studied Sumatran population indicate that there are common TMD symptoms in young adult orthodontic patients, but there is no significant association between vertical mandibular asymmetry and TMD symptoms. Further study on the development of TMD, mandibular asymmetry and treatment planning for growing patients is suggested, using longitudinal and transitional approaches.
A nested randomised controlled trial of a newsletter and Post-it® note did not increase postal questionnaire response rates in a falls prevention trial
Authors: Rodgers Sara , Sbizzera Illary , Cockayne Sarah , Fairhurst Caroline , Lamb Sarah E. , Vernon Wesley , Watson Judith , Hewitt Catherine , Torgerson David J.
Published: July 2018

Background: Attrition (i.e. when participants do not return the questionnaires) is a problem for many randomised controlled trials. The resultant loss of data leads to a reduction in statistical power and can lead to bias. The aim of this study was to assess whether a pre-notification newsletter and/or a handwritten or printed Post-it® note sticker, as a reminder, increased postal questionnaire response rates for participants of randomised controlled trials.

Method: This study was a factorial trial embedded within a trial of a falls-prevention intervention among men and women aged ≥65 years under podiatric care. Participants were randomised into one of six groups: newsletter plus handwritten Post-it®; newsletter plus printed Post-it®; newsletter only; handwritten Post-it® only; printed Post-it® only; or no newsletter or Post-it®. The results were combined with those from previous embedded randomised controlled trials in a meta-analysis.

Results: The 12-month response rate was 803/826 (97.2%) (newsletter 95.1%, no newsletter 99.3%, printed Post-it® 97.5%, handwritten Post-it® 97.1%, no Post-it® 97.1%). Pre-notification with a newsletter had a detrimental effect on response rates (adjusted odds ratio (OR), 0.14; 95% CI, 0.04 to 0.48; p<0.01) and time to return the questionnaire (adjusted hazard ratio, 0.86; 95% CI, 0.75 to 0.99; p=0.04). No other statistically significant differences were observed between the intervention groups on response rates, time to response, and the need for a reminder.

Conclusions: Post-it® notes have been shown to be ineffective in three embedded trials, whereas the evidence for newsletter reminders is still uncertain.
The role of the gut microbiome during host ageing
Authors: Seidel Jens , Valenzano Dario Riccardo
Published: July 2018

Gut microbial communities participate in key aspects of host biology, including development, nutrient absorption, immunity and disease. During host ageing, intestinal microbes undergo dramatic changes in composition and function and can shift from commensal to pathogenic. However, whether they play a causal role in host ageing and life span has remained an open question for a long time. Recent work in model organisms has revealed for the first time that gut microbes can modulate ageing, opening new questions and opportunities to uncover novel ageing-modulating mechanisms and to design anti-ageing interventions by targeting the gut microbiota.
Editorial
Authors: Soares Adriana Benevides , Tsallis Alexandra Cleopatre , Mendes Deise Maria Fernandes , Valentim Renata Patrícia Forain de , Barros Rita Maria Manso de
Published: July 2018

Adriana Benevides Soares, Alexandra Cleopatre Tsallis, Deise Maria Fernandes Mendes, Renata Patrícia Forain de Valentim, Rita Maria Manso de Barros
A Família no contexto da hospitalização: revisão sistemática
Authors: Azevêdo Adriano Valério dos Santos , Crepaldi Maria Aparecida , More Carmen Leontina Ojeda Ocampo
Published: July 2018

A pesquisa objetivou apresentar uma revisão sistemática de artigos científicos sobre a família no contexto da hospitalização. Nas bases de dados (Lilacs, Medline, IBECS, PsycINFO, Wiley Interscience, Pubmed, Web of Science) buscou-se selecionar os estudos empíricos publicados entre 2007-2012. Foram construídas categorias para analisar estes estudos: família e criança hospitalizada, família e adulto hospitalizado, família e idoso hospitalizado. Estas pesquisas enfatizam a vivência de familiares, avaliação de estresse e estratégias de enfrentamento, e a relação equipe de saúde e família. Foram identificados maior número de publicações sobre família e criança hospitalizada, e estes estudos apresentam as alterações que ocorrem na dinâmica familiar, diante da situação de doença e hospitalização. Existe a necessidade da atenção integral à família do paciente hospitalizado para promover o acolhimento e minimizar o sofrimento ocasionado pelo processo de hospitalização. Estes resultados das pesquisas sobre famílias de pacientes hospitalizados auxiliam a construção de propostas de avaliação e intervenção psicológica.
Crenças de mães de diferentes níveis socioeconômicos sobre punição física e privação de privilégios
Authors: Carmo Paulo Henrique Barbosa do , Alvarenga Patrícia , Lins Taiane Costa de Souza
Published: July 2018

Este estudo comparou as crenças de mães de diferentes níveis socioeconômicos sobre dois tipos de práticas de socialização coercitivas: a punição física e a privação de privilégios. Participaram 40 mães com filhos entre cinco e seis anos, de ambos os sexos. Vinte mães eram de nível socioeconômico baixo e 20 mães eram de nível socioeconômico médio/alto, de acordo com os critérios de Hollingshead. As mães responderam a uma entrevista estruturada de crenças sobre as práticas coercitivas, e suas respostas foram submetidas à análise de conteúdo. A única diferença significativa entre os dois grupos mostrou que as mães de nível socioeconômico médio/alto apresentaram maior frequência de crenças na eficácia da privação de privilégios. Discute-se os possíveis efeitos da ampla difusão das desvantagens da punição física e de outras práticas coercitivas sobre as crenças maternas.
Catástrofes e atuação militar: a subjetividade e a realidade traumática
Authors: Kegler Paula , Macedo Mônica Medeiros Kother
Published: July 2018

A temática das catástrofes tem gerado preocupação em nível governamental e acadêmico. Diretrizes atuais ampliaram o papel das Forças Armadas Brasileiras na assistência às populações atingidas. Tal fato demonstra a importância de uma atitude reflexiva a respeito das complexidades envolvidas no trabalho das equipes militares de saúde no socorro disponibilizado às pessoas nestas situações críticas. Nesta perspectiva, este artigo teórico tem o objetivo de abordar a temática da atuação militar em seu exercício laboral, o qual tem no cuidado importante eixo de atuação. Assim, desde os aportes epistemológicos da Psicanálise, o conceito psicanalítico de trauma é utilizado para evocar os possíveis desdobramentos intrapsíquicos frente a vivências impactantes do sujeito na realidade material de uma tragédia. Estudos e reflexões a respeito desses efeitos psíquicos são pertinentes, especialmente em relação aos militares que exercem o cuidado como atividade princeps. Constatou-se que a ausência de espaço para a expressão de sofrimentos, decorrentes da imposição de uma performance profissional própria ao ambiente militarizado, pode se caracterizar como relevante causa de padecimentos psíquicos. Logo, a oferta de escuta ao sujeito trabalhador é um importante fator de promoção de cuidado direcionado, também, à saúde psíquica destes profissionais.
Concepções acerca da Religiosidade: a Perspectiva da Criança
Authors: Becker Ana Paula Sesti , Silva Josiane Delvan da
Published: July 2018

A religiosidade, a busca pelo Sagrado e as indagações quanto à espiritualidade, têm sido o foco de investigações em diferentes áreas e contextos científicos. Este artigo tem como objetivo analisar as concepções acerca da religiosidade de crianças escolarizadas entre 6 a 10 anos de idade. O estudo constituiu-se como exploratório-descritivo de abordagem qualitativa. Para a coleta de dados utilizou-se a entrevista semi-estruturada e o desenho temático envolvendo 10 crianças, sendo (5) crianças de um colégio de ensino regular laico e (5) crianças de um colégio de ensino regular religioso. Os dados foram analisados a partir da técnica de análise de conteúdo temático categorial. Os resultados evidenciaram dados similares quanto às representações que as crianças têm acerca da religiosidade, uma vez que a representação que a maioria dos participantes possui em relação ao Divino contempla uma noção concreta e personificada a partir do estágio cognitivo em que se encontram. Além disso, o envolvimento parental constituiu-se como um aspecto importante para o desenvolvimento da religiosidade infantil.
A (IR) RESPONSABILIDADE SOCIAL CORPORATIVA NO BRASIL: EMPRESAS, PODER E LAÇOS ENTRELAÇADOS
Authors: Costa Maria Alice Nunes , Borin Elaine
Published: July 2018

Resumo: Este artigo tem como objetivo analisar as condutas empresariais socialmente irresponsáveis no Brasil. A irresponsabilidade das empresas foi denunciada por meio da “Operação Lava Jato”, iniciada em 2014, e ainda em curso no país. O foco deste artigo são as teias tecidas entre as empresas envolvidas, políticos e parlamentares no esquema de corrupção, em especial com grandes empresas empreiteiras, responsáveis pela infraestrutura do Brasil. Elas formavam um cartel para se associar a uma das maiores indústrias petroleiras do mundo, a Petrobras (Petróleo Brasileiro S.A.). Essa operação deflagrou um modus operandi  histórico no Brasil em que demonstra a relação perniciosa entre o público e o privado no Brasil. A análise é baseada em um estudo de caso, com dados empíricos apresentados pelos órgãos federais responsáveis pela Operação Lava Jato, que se encontram disponíveis na internet e na imprensa brasileira. Este estudo analisa, portanto, os dados empíricos e os históricos sobre a natureza do modelo de capitalismo dos laços desenvolvidos no Brasil. Conclui-se que, quando uma sociedade possui uma tradição histórico-cultural permeada por estreitas relações privadas e patrimoniais entre governo e empresas, esse fato impacta negativamente no desempenho econômico e no capital reputacional de empresas e governo, ferindo consequentemente a adoção de um comportamento ético e de responsabilidade social corporativa.Palavras-chave: condutas empresariais; capitalismo de laços; responsabilidade social corporativa.Abstract: This article aims to analyze the socially irresponsible business conduct in Brazil. The irresponsibility of the companies was denounced through the "Operation Lava Jato", begun in 2014, and still in progress in the country. The focus of this article are the webs woven between the companies involved, politicians and parliamentarians in the corruption scheme, especially with large companies contractors, responsible for the infrastructure of Brazil. They formed a cartel to join one of the world's largest oil companies, Petrobras (Petróleo Brasileiro S.A.). This operation triggered a historical modus operandi in Brazil in which it demonstrates the pernicious relationship between the public and the private in Brazil. The analysis is based on a case study, with empirical data collected by the federal agencies responsible for Operation Lava Jato, which are available on the internet and in the Brazilian press. This case study therefore analyzes empirical and historical data on the nature of the capitalist model of the ties developed in Brazil. It is concluded that, when a society has a historical-cultural tradition permeated by close private and patrimonial relations between government and companies, this fact negatively impacts on the economic performance and reputational capital of companies and government, consequently hurting the adoption of ethical behavior and corporate social responsibility.Keywords: Business conduct. Capitalism of ties. Corporate social responsibility.
Nasojejunal tube feeding in children: knowledge and practice
Authors: Rollins Hazel
Published: July 2018

Nasojejunal tubes (NJ) are used in small numbers of children outside of neonatal and paediatric intensive care units. There is limited evidence on which to base practice aside from insertion techniques. Ongoing care and management is largely based on historical practice and extrapolation from nasogastric tube practice. This paper presents the historical caseload data for 36 babies and children over a five year period. The children ranged from 0 to 13 years of age, and 95% were less than 2 years old. They had a median of 4 tubes each (range 1 – 46). The paper presents data from two surveys of health professionals that demonstrate a lack of consistency in practice. There are concerns about ongoing position checks and about the radiation burden in these children. Local practice is described that aims to reduce dependence on x-ray procedures and to stimulate debate. Finally, an argument is made for a better evidence base for future practice.
Happy holidays are here again
Authors: Neville Sarah
Published: July 2018

Welcome to summer – a time for the older children to relax without school, for families to go on holiday and for childminders to enjoy some freedom without normal daily routines.
ADALIMUMAB DISCONTINUATION IN PATIENTS WITH RHEUMATOID ARTHRITIS AFTER ACHIEVING SUSTAINED REMISSION
Authors: Demidova N. V. , Galushko E. A. , Glukhova S. I. , Savushkina N. M. , Satybaldyev A. M. , Cherkasova M. V. , Khoroshko N. V. , Maglevanyi S. V. , Gordeev A. V.
Published: July 2018

Objective: to assess whether adalimumab (AD) can be gradually discontinued during continuous methotrexate (MTX) use in patients with early rheumatoid arthritis (ERA).

Subjects and methods. Within the REMARCA (the Russian study of methotrexate and biological agents in early active arthritis) study, the investigators examined 20 patients (17 women and 3 men; median age, 51 [41.5; 56] years) with ERA (disease duration, 10 [5.5; 20] months; DAS28, 5.17 [4.37; 6.51]; 85% of the patients were seropositive for rheumatoid factor and 85% for anti-cyclic citrullinated peptide antibodies.

Results and discussion. All the patients received subcutaneous MTX 25 mg/week. Twelve weeks after beginning therapy with MTX, due to its inefficiency, ADA was added according to the standard scheme. At week 24, the median DAS28 was 3.0 [1.65; 3.73]; 85% of the patients achieved remission or low disease activity. After 3 months of ADA therapy, high or moderate disease activity remained in 3 (15%) patients; median DAS28 was 4.4 [4.3; 6.1]; the drug was discontinued in them due to ineffective therapy. After 12-month follow-up, low DAS28 scores were observed in 5 (29.4%), DAS28 remission was in 12 (70.6%) of the 17 patients who continued ADA treatment; after 24 months, all the 17 patients were noted to have remission. After achieving sustained remission (≥ 6-month duration during ADA therapy), there was a carefully controlled reduction (titration) in the dose of ADA with its complete discontinuation, by maintaining remission at 36-month follow-up; the median DAS28 was 1.6 [1.4; 2.2]. During ADA treatment, one female patient developed pustular psoriasis and therefore the drug was discontinued at 24-month follow-up during the period of sustained remission. Other serious adverse events and tuberculosis cases were not recorded.

Conclusion. Thus, the results of the study are indicative of the high clinical efficiency of the therapy. After ADA discontinuation, sustained remission can be maintained in patients with ERA and if they took biological agents early.
FACTORS ASSOCIATED WITH ANXIETY AND DEPRESSION SPECTRUM DISORDERS IN BEHCHET’S DISEASE
Authors: Ovcharov P. S. , Lisitsyna T. A. , Veltishchev D. Yu. , Seravina O. F. , Kovalevskaya O. B. , Glukhova S. I. , Alekberova Z. S. , Nasonov E. L.
Published: July 2018

Objective: to determine the main factors associated with the development and manifestations of anxiety and depression spectrum disorders (ADSDs) in patients with Behcet’s disease (BD).

Subjects and methods. This investigation was conducted within the framework of the interdisciplinary scientific program «Stress factors and mental disorders in rheumatic diseases». A total of 116 patients with BD were examined. Most of them were men (69.8%), whose mean age (M±σ) was 33.4±9.82 years; the median duration of BD was 120.0 [70.0; 192.0] months; 51.9% of the patients were natives of the North Caucasus. All the patients had a reliable diagnosis of BD according to the International Study Group for Behcet’s disease (ISGBD) criteria (1990). Disease activity was assessed using the Behcet’s Disease Current Activity Form (BDCAF); the subjective status of patients was evaluated using the visual analog scale (VAS) for general health assessment. ADSDs were diagnosed by a psychiatrist according to the ICD-10 during semi-structured interviews using the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (HADS), the Hamilton Anxiety Rating Scale (HAM-A), and the Montgomery-Asberg Depression Rating Scale (MADRS). Clinical and psychological techniques were applied to assess cognitive functions (memory, attention, and logical thinking); stress levels were estimated by the 10-Item Perceived Stress Scale (PSS-10).

Results and discussion. ADSDs were diagnosed in 91 (78.4%) patients with BD. The predominant RTDs were dysthymia (39.6%) and recurrent depressive disorder (38.4%). Generalized anxiety disorder was found in only 7.69%, a single depressive episode was in 13.2%. Different degrees of cognitive impairment (CI) were observed in 91 (78.4%) patients. Multivariate analysis and linear regression were used to build a predictive model, from which it follows that ADSDs in patients with BD are primarily associated with sleep disorders (β=0.412), asthenia (β=0.149), CI (β=0.137), chronic stress (β=-0.010) and its severity (β=0.134), early childhood psychic trauma (ECPT) before the age 7 years (β=0.152), the development of ADSD before the onset of BD (β =0.160), older age of eye involvement in the pathological process (β=0.089), gastrointestinal tract (GIT) involvement within BD (β=0.096), high C-reactive protein (CRP) levels (β=0.177), and poor subjective status of patients (β=0.120) (area under the ROC-curve, 0.940).

Conclusion. Chronic ADSDs are encountered with high frequency in patients with BD and frequently occur simultaneously with the latter or during its development. Their occurrence is favored to the greatest extent by ECPT and obvious chronic psychosocial stress preceding ADSDs. GIT involvement, late-onset ocular pathology, high CRP levels, and poor subjective status are common to patients with BD and ADSDs. Sleep disorders, asthenic syndrome, and CI are significant in the pattern of ADSDs.
IMPACT OF ANTIRHEUMATIC THERAPY ON THE LEVEL OF N-TERMINAL PRO-BRAIN NATRIURETIC PEPTIDE IN PATIENTS WITH EARLY RHEUMATOID ARTHRITIS
Authors: Kirillova I. G. , Novikova D. S. , Popkova T. V. , Udachkina E. V. , Markelova E. I. , Novikov A. A. , Gorbunova Yu. N. , Volkov A. V. , Luchikhina E. L. , Demidova N. V. , Borisova M. A. , Lukina G. V.
Published: July 2018

Objective: to investigate the impact of antirheumatic therapy carried out according to the treat-to-target (T2T) principle on the time course of changes in NT-proBNP levels in patients with early rheumatoid arthritis (RA) over an 18- month follow-up period.

Subjects and methods. The investigation enrolled 74 patients, comprising 56 (74%) women (median age, 54 years) with a reliable diagnosis of RA (ACR/AULAR criteria (2010)) (disease duration, 7 months); who were seropositive for IgM rheumatoid factor (87%) and/or anti-cyclic citrullinated peptide antibodies (100%) and had not previously taken disease-modifying antirheumatic drugs (DMARDs) and glucocorticoids. All the patients started therapy with subcutaneous methotrexate (MTX), with escalation of the dose to 25-30 mg/week; in the absence of any effect after 3 months, biological agents (BAs) were added in 47 (71%) patients. Following 18 months, 44% of patients achieved RA remission; 51 patients (77%) received cardioprotective therapy. NT-proBNP levels were measured in 66 patients with early RA before and 18 months after treatment. The NT-proBNP value <125 pg/ml was taken to be normal.

Results and discussion. During antirheumatic therapy, there was a decrease in the median level of NT-proBNP from 125 [65; 208] to 68 [33; 115] pg/ml (p < 0.05) and in the frequency of its elevated values from 49 to 21% (p < 0.02). In the patients with RA remission, there was a more pronounced decrease in the frequency of elevated NT-proBNP values (from 45 to 7%; p < 0.05), while in those who had not achieved RA remission, NT-proBNP values showed only a tendency to decrease (from 51 to 32%; p < 0.05). The level of NT-proBNP became normal in the patients who had achieved remission of RA during treatment. There was no progression of the existing chronic heart failure (CHF) or development of its new cases.

Conclusion. A significant decrease in NT-proBNP levels was recorded during antirheumatic therapy performed according to the T2T strategy, especially when using a combination of MTX+BAs and achieving RA remission. Therapy with MTX and BAs did not lead to the worsening of CHF or to the development of its new cases in patients with early RA.
VALIDATION OF THE EQ-5D-5L VERSION IN RUSSIA
Authors: Akulova A. I , Gaydukova I. Z. , Rebrov A. P.
Published: July 2018

The paper discusses the process for validation of the Russian-language EQ-5D-5L version to assess quality of life. According to international and national guidelines, the primary goal of treating spondyloarthritis (SpA) is to preserve the quality of life (QOL) of a patient as long as possible, by achieving control of the main symptoms of the disease and inflammation, by preventing the development and progression of structural changes in the locomotor system, and by preserving/normalizing the patient's functional activity and social adaptation. QOL is the integral characteristic of the physical, psychological, social and emotional status of the patient, which is assessed on the basis of his subjective perception. At the moment, there are no generally accepted national tools for assessing QOL in Russia, so the problem of adaptation and validation of international questionnaires is very actual.

Objective: to evaluate the psychometric properties of the Russian-language EQ-5D-5L version in patients with SpA.

Subjects and methods. Examinations were made in 163 patients older than 18 years with axial or peripheral SpA, who met the Assessment of Spondyloarthritis International Society (ASAS) criteria. The disease activity was assessed using the Bath Ankylosing Spondylitis Disease Activity Index (BASDAI) and the Ankylosing Spondylitis Disease Activity Score (ASDAS); their functional status was estimated by the Bath Ankylosing Spondylitis Functional Index (BASFI), and spinal mobility was evaluated by the Bath Ankylosing Spondylitis Metrology Index (BASMI). The ASAS Health Index (HI) was used to comprehensively analyze the impact of SpA on the patient's health. The EQ-5D-5L version was employed for the first time in Russia to assess the quality of life of patients. Its main psychometric properties, such as reproducibility, validity, sensitivity, were evaluated.

Results and discussion. The median age of the patients was 39.50 [28.00; 48.00] years. Among them, there were 64.8% of men. The median value of EQ-5D (a 5L version) was 0.53 [0.29; 0.65]. There were statistically significant relationships between the EQ-5D-5L values and BASDAI, BASFI, ASDAS, BASMI, ASAS HI, and the SF-36 questionnaire for QOL assessment. The test-retest reliability study showed that the internal consistency (Cronbach's alpha) was 0.96. The median value of the EQ-5D-5L was 0.55 [0.37; 0.63] at the first visit and 0.60 [0.40; 0.69] at the second visit after prescribing therapy (p = 0.01).

Conclusion. The validation has indicated that the EQ-5D-5L version is a reliable, change-sensitive, easy-to-use, and physician-patient-friendly tool to assess QOL.
Blow-up solutions for fully nonlinear equations: Existence, asymptotic estimates and uniqueness
Authors: Mohammed Ahmed , Rădulescu Vicenţiu D. , Vitolo Antonio
Published: July 2018

The primary objective of the paper is to study the existence, asymptotic boundary estimates and uniqueness of large solutions to fully nonlinear equationsH⁢(x,u,D⁢u,D2⁢u)=f⁢(u)+h⁢(x){H(x,u,Du,D^{2}u)=f(u)+h(x)}in boundedC2{C^{2}}domainsΩ⊆ℝn{\Omega\subseteq\mathbb{R}^{n}}. HereHis a fully nonlinear uniformly elliptic differential operator,fis a non-decreasing function that satisfies appropriate growth conditions at infinity, andhis a continuous function on Ω that could be unbounded either from above or from below. The results contained herein provide substantial generalizations and improvements of results known in the literature.