bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
A Possible Explanation of Interhemispheric Asymmetry of Equatorial Plasma Bubbles in Airglow Images
Authors: Hickey Dustin A. , Sau Sukanta , L. Narayanan V. , Gurubaran S.
Published: February 2020

Equatorial plasma bubbles resulting from equatorial spread
are well known to be aligned along the Earth's geomagnetic fields. During the geomagnetic storm on 17 March 2015, all‐sky airglow observations from Tirunelveli (8.7°N, 77.8°E, 1.7°N dip latitude) showed an apparent interhemispheric asymmetry in the tilt of the equatorial plasma bubbles. In this work we further investigate this case and provide a possible explanation for the asymmetry. We suggest that a variation in the altitude of the airglow layer across the image can cause the observed asymmetry. If the airglow layer is at a higher altitude in the northern portion of the image, then this would explain the observed asymmetry. This variation in the airglow layer can be caused by a variation in the height of the ionosphere. We show through modeling and ionosonde observations that it is likely that there is a variation in the airglow altitude within the field of view of the images on this night.
Detecting an Upward Terrestrial Gamma Ray Flash from its Reverse Positron Beam
Authors: Ortberg John , Smith David M. , Li Joseph , Dwyer Joseph , Bowers Gregory
Published: February 2020

In 2015, Bowers et al. (2018, https://doi.org/10.1029/2017JD027771) detected a terrestrial gamma ray flash (TGF) in Hurricane Patricia from an aircraft flying at 2.6 km through what they argued to be a beam of downward gamma radiation produced by the positron component of the TGF. This paper uses the energy spectrum for gamma rays produced by the positrons of a relativistic runaway electron avalanche as simulated by the REAM code, propagated through a model of the Earth's atmosphere in Geant4, to examine the feasibility of detecting a typical upward TGF through its reverse positron beam at various altitudes on the ground. We find that, with patience, modest‐sized scintillators on mountains as low as 1 km should be able to observe the same TGFs seen from spacecraft.
Measurement and Modeling of LTE‐Railway Channels in High‐Speed Railway Environment
Authors: Wen Z. R. , He R. S. , Ai B. , Zhang B. , Yang M. , Wang W. , Zhong Z. D. , Zhang H. X.
Published: February 2020

High‐speed railway (HSR) is becoming one of the most effective and important transportation modes. To ensure the safety of HSR, a stable communication system is necessary. The understanding of propagation characteristics of radio channel is important for HSR communication system design. In this paper, a wideband measurement in suburban HSR scenarios at 460 MHz is presented. Some typical channel parameters such as the large‐scale fading, Ricean
factor, power‐delay profile, and root‐mean‐square delay spread are extracted from the measurement data. The different distributions of small‐scale fading are also compared. The relationships between the channel parameters and the distance of transmitter (base station) and receiver are also explored. The results could provide a reference for the design and evaluation of HSR communication network, especially for the Long‐Term‐Evolution (LTE)‐railway system.
Persistent EMIC Wave Activity Across the Nightside Inner Magnetosphere
Authors: Blum L. W. , Remya B. , Denton M. H. , Schiller Q.
Published: February 2020

Electromagnetic ion cyclotron (EMIC) waves can act as a loss process for both ring current ions and radiation belt electrons, and the spatial and temporal characteristics of these waves are important for quantifying their effects on energetic particles. Here we utilize observations from multiple spacecraft to constrain the azimuthal and radial dimensions as well as the duration of an EMIC wave event occurring on the nightside of the inner magnetosphere on 7 July 2013. These combined observations reveal waves limited to a narrow radial extent but persisting ~10+ hr and spanning ~12 hr in local time. The solar wind conditions, geomagnetic activity, and plasma environment are also examined to better understand the conditions under which persistent nightside EMIC waves can occur. Relativistic electron phase space density profiles during this event reveal local minima concurrent with the wave activity, consistent with EMIC‐driven scattering and loss of radiation belt electrons.
Atmospheric Aridity and Apparent Soil Moisture Drought in European Forest During Heat Waves
Authors: Lansu Eva M. , van Heerwaarden C. C. , Stegehuis Annemiek I. , Teuling Adriaan J.
Published: February 2020

Land‐atmosphere feedbacks, in particular the response of land evaporation to vapor pressure deficit (VPD) or the dryness of the air, remain poorly understood. Here we investigate the VPD response by analysis of a large database of eddy covariance flux observations and simulations using a conceptual model of the atmospheric boundary layer. Data analysis reveals that under high VPD and corresponding high temperatures, forest in particular reduces evaporation and emits more sensible heat. In contrast, grass increases evaporation and emits less sensible heat. Simulations show that this VPD feedback can induce significant temperature increases over forest of up to 2 K during heat wave conditions. It is inferred from the simulations that the effect of the VPD feedback corresponds to an apparent soil moisture depletion of more than 50%. This suggests that previous studies may have incorrectly attributed the effects of atmospheric aridity on temperature to soil dryness.
Control of the East‐West Component of the Interplanetary Magnetic Field on the Occurrence of Magnetic Substorms
Authors: Liou Kan , Sotirelis Thomas , Mitchell Elizabeth
Published: February 2020

We study the effects of the east‐west (y) component of the interplanetary magnetic field (IMF) on the occurrence of substorms by analyzing 16,743 magnetic substorm events identified with the SuperMAG SML index from 1995 to 2016. It is found, surprisingly, that substorm occurrence rates depend highly on the sign of IMF By, with, on average, ~1/3 more substorms for IMF By > 0 than for IMF By < 0. We attribute this asymmetry to the enhanced convection (e.g., more energy in the tail) under IMF By > 0 conditions. A superposed epoch analysis of the IMF indicates that the average IMF By prior to onset is positive but becomes less positive ~15 min prior to the onset, indicating that the release of the stress associated with a clockwise twisted magnetotail may be an important onset trigger. We conjecture that an asymmetry in the dayside merging efficiency may be the cause.
Marshland Loss Warms Local Land Surface Temperature in China
Authors: Shen Xiangjin , Liu Binhui , Jiang Ming , Lu Xianguo
Published: February 2020

China has the third largest area of marshland in the world. Due to the effects of human activities, marshland in China has been widely converted to built‐up land (BL) and cultivated land (CL) during the past decades. Using satellite measurements of land surface temperature (LST), this study investigated the biophysical effects of marshland loss on LST. The results showed that marshland conversion to BL could increase the LST during both the daytime and nighttime. Conversion from marshland to CL could increase the daytime LST in most months and nighttime LST in the nongrowing season but decrease the daytime LST from July to September and nighttime LST in the growing season. Conversion from marshland to paddy field and dry farmland had different effects on LST. These complex effects suggest that the biophysical effects of marshland conversions should be considered in evaluating the effects of marshland loss on climate change in China.
The role of ubiquitination in tumorigenesis and targeted drug discovery
Authors: Deng Lu , Meng Tong , Chen Lei , Wei Wenyi , Wang Ping
Published: February 2020

Ubiquitination, an important type of protein posttranslational modification (PTM), plays a crucial role in controlling substrate degradation and subsequently mediates the “quantity” and “quality” of various proteins, serving to ensure cell homeostasis and guarantee life activities. The regulation of ubiquitination is multifaceted and works not only at the transcriptional and posttranslational levels (phosphorylation, acetylation, methylation, etc.) but also at the protein level (activators or repressors). When regulatory mechanisms are aberrant, the altered biological processes may subsequently induce serious human diseases, especially various types of cancer. In tumorigenesis, the altered biological processes involve tumor metabolism, the immunological tumor microenvironment (TME), cancer stem cell (CSC) stemness and so on. With regard to tumor metabolism, the ubiquitination of some key proteins such as RagA, mTOR, PTEN, AKT, c-Myc and P53 significantly regulates the activity of the mTORC1, AMPK and PTEN-AKT signaling pathways. In addition, ubiquitination in the TLR, RLR and STING-dependent signaling pathways also modulates the TME. Moreover, the ubiquitination of core stem cell regulator triplets (Nanog, Oct4 and Sox2) and members of the Wnt and Hippo-YAP signaling pathways participates in the maintenance of CSC stemness. Based on the altered components, including the proteasome, E3 ligases, E1, E2 and deubiquitinases (DUBs), many molecular targeted drugs have been developed to combat cancer. Among them, small molecule inhibitors targeting the proteasome, such as bortezomib, carfilzomib, oprozomib and ixazomib, have achieved tangible success. In addition, MLN7243 and MLN4924 (targeting the E1 enzyme), Leucettamol A and CC0651 (targeting the E2 enzyme), nutlin and MI‐219 (targeting the E3 enzyme), and compounds G5 and F6 (targeting DUB activity) have also shown potential in preclinical cancer treatment. In this review, we summarize the latest progress in understanding the substrates for ubiquitination and their special functions in tumor metabolism regulation, TME modulation and CSC stemness maintenance. Moreover, potential therapeutic targets for cancer are reviewed, as are the therapeutic effects of targeted drugs.
Omega-3, omega-6 and total dietary polyunsaturated fat on cancer incidence: systematic review and meta-analysis of randomised trials
Authors:   on behalf of the PUFAH group, Hanson Sarah , Thorpe Gabrielle , Winstanley Lauren , Abdelhamid Asmaa S. , Hooper Lee
Published: February 2020

Background

The relationship between long-chain omega-3 (LCn3), alpha-linolenic acid (ALA), omega-6 and total polyunsaturated fatty acid (PUFA) intakes and cancer risk is unclear.

Methods

We searched Medline, Embase, CENTRAL and trials registries for RCTs comparing higher with lower LCn3, ALA, omega-6 and/or total PUFA, that assessed cancers over ≥12 months. Random-effects meta-analyses, sensitivity analyses, subgrouping, risk of bias and GRADE were used.

Results

We included 47 RCTs (108,194 participants). Increasing LCn3 has little or no effect on cancer diagnosis (RR1.02, 95% CI 0.98–1.07), cancer death (RR0.97, 95% CI 0.90–1.06) or breast cancer diagnosis (RR1.03, 95% CI 0.89–1.20); increasing ALA has little or no effect on cancer death (all high/moderate-quality evidence). Increasing LCn3 (NNTH 334, RR1.10, 95% CI 0.97–1.24) and ALA (NNTH 334, RR1.30, 95% CI 0.72–2.32) may slightly increase prostate cancer risk; increasing total PUFA may slightly increase risk of cancer diagnosis (NNTH 125, RR1.19, 95% CI 0.99–1.42) and cancer death (NNTH 500, RR1.10, 95% CI 0.48–2.49) but total PUFA doses were very high in some trials.

Conclusions

The most extensive systematic review to assess the effects of increasing PUFAs on cancer risk found increasing total PUFA may very slightly increase cancer risk, offset by small protective effects on cardiovascular diseases.
Porous nickel doped titanium dioxide nanoparticles with improved visible light photocatalytic activity
Authors: Guan Bingbing , Yu Jie , Guo Siyao , Yu Shen , Han Song
Published: February 2020

A green hydrothermal synthesis route to prepare a porous Ni doped TiO2 nanostructured photocatalyst has been developed in this research. Ni doping can increase the visible light photocatalytic performance of TiO2 with cycle capability of 5 times.
Improving the chemical potential of nitrogen to tune the electron density and mobility of ZnSnN2
Authors: Ye Fan , Chen Qian-Qian , Cai Xing-Min , Xie Yi-Zhu , Ma Xiu-Fang , Vaithinathan Karthikeyan , Zhang Dong-Ping , Fan Ping , Roy V. A. L.
Published: February 2020

Nondegerate ZnSnN2 with mobility over 20 cm2 V−1 s−1 was fabricated by improving the chemical potentional of nitrogen to tune the stoichiometry.
Degradation of azo dyes under visible light with stable MOF based on tetrastyrene imidazole ligand
Authors: Zhang Xiao , Wang Lu-Jie , Han Zhen , Meng Xing , Wang Hai-Ning , Zhou Zi-Yan , Su Zhong-Min
Published: February 2020

In the present work, a new 3D metal–organic framework (MOF) has been synthesized and characterized.
Unveiling a bimetallic FeCo-coupled MoS2 composite for enhanced energy storage
Authors: Wang Chengyang , Yang Qidi , Qin Guohui , Xiao Yaoyao , Duan Jingying
Published: February 2020

Sodium and potassium-ion batteries are promising for energy storage owing to their source abundance and low cost; however, most active materials still suffer from sluggish kinetics, huge volume variations, and poor conductivity and cycle stability.
Synthesis of phthalimides cross-conjugated with an azulene ring, and their structural, optical and electrochemical properties
Authors: Shoji Taku , Iida Nanami , Yamazaki Akari , Ariga Yukino , Ohta Akira , Sekiguchi Ryuta , Nagahata Tatsuki , Nagasawa Takuya , Ito Shunji
Published: February 2020

Phthalimides cross-conjugated with an azulene ring were prepared by a one-pot reaction starting from the Diels–Alder reaction of the corresponding 2-aminofuran derivatives with several maleimides.
Pin‐efficient 9‐bit 8‐wire 4‐level synergetic‐equalisation coding scheme for 216 Gb/s PAM4 transceiver
Authors: Shi Linqi , Gai Weixin , He Yandong
Published: February 2020

A synergetic‐equalisation coding scheme for pulse‐amplitude modulation 4‐level (PAM4) is proposed, based on which a 216 Gb/s 9‐bit 8‐wire 4‐level (9B8W4L) transceiver is designed. According to the scheme, eight channels are grouped into four pairs based on the states for encoding. The two channels in pair transmit the same symbol in this unit interval (UI), and transmit different symbols in different pairs in the next UI. When decoding, the symbols in different channels are subtracted from and added with the others, following the grouping in the prior UI. From this, the first post‐cursor inter‐symbol interference is eliminated. Based on the proposed coding scheme, the PAM4 transceiver transmits 9‐bit data by eight channels, giving a channel utilisation of 112.5%. The improvement of channel utilisation reduces the Nyquist frequency for the same data rate, which is of great significance for reducing channel loss and power consumption. The 216 Gb/s 9B8W4L transceiver with 1‐tap feed‐forward equaliser achieves a bit error rate <10−12 through −20 dB channel loss at the Nyquist frequency of 12 GHz.
WEC fault modelling and condition monitoring: A graph‐theoretic approach
Authors: Tang Yufei , Huang Yu , Lindbeck Erica , Lizza Sam , VanZwieten James , Tom Nathan , Yao Wei
Published: February 2020

The nature of wave resources usually requires wave energy converter (WEC) components to handle peak loads (i.e., torques, forces, and powers) that are many times greater than their average loads, accelerating equipment degradation. Moreover, due to their isolated nature and harsh operating environment, WEC systems are projected to possess high operations and maintenance (O&M) cost, i.e., around 27% of their leveled cost of energy. As such, developing techniques to mitigate these costs through the application of condition monitoring and fault tolerant control will significantly impact the economic feasibility of grid connected WEC power. Toward this goal, models of faulty components are developed in the open source modeling platform, WEC‐Sim, to estimate the performance and measurable states of a WEC operating with likely device and sensor failures. Two types of faulty component models are then applied to a point absorber WEC model with basic controller damping and spring forces. Resulting changes in device behavior are recorded as a benchmark, and a graph‐theoretic approach is proposed for fault detection and identification utilizing multivariate time series. Simulation results demonstrate that these faults can greatly affect the WEC performance, and that the proposed method can effectively detect and classify different types of faults.
Use of conductive zip and Velcro as a polarisation reconfiguration means of a textile patch antenna
Authors: Tsolis Aris , Michalopoulou Asimina , Alexandridis Antonis A.
Published: February 2020

Α feasibility study of using components such as conductive Velcro tape and zip fastener to change the polarisation of a textile patch antenna from linear (LP) to circular (CP) is presented. The antennas are designed to operate at 2.3–2.5 GHz frequency band, are made using felt substrate and conductive cloth and their size is 100.4 mm × 74.2 mm × 4.26 mm. It is proved, via simulations and measurements, that such components are strong candidates as means for polarisation reconfiguration of textile antennas. Both Velcro and zip textile patch antennas at the LP mode yield axial ratio (AR) larger than 10 dB at the operating frequency range. In the CP mode, the Velcro antenna gives AR equal to 3.1 dB at 2.35 GHz and the zip antenna 1 dB at 2.31 GHz. Repeatability measurements of interchanging polarisation modes (LP–CP) for both antennas have been conducted presenting acceptable repeatability. Great advantage of both antennas (Velcro and zip) is that the polarisation can be changed at will by a simple manipulation (detach the Velcro or unzip); thus, providing to the user the flexibility of adjusting the antenna characteristics depending on wearable application and environment of operation.
Generalised probe method to measure the liquid complex permittivity
Authors: Xing Lei , Zhu Jiajia , Xu Qian , Zhao Yongjiu , Song Chaoyun , Huang Yi
Published: February 2020

A generalised probe method is proposed for fast and accurate complex permittivity measurements. The method is based on the simulated reflection coefficients using the finite difference frequency domain method. A database is set up, which consists of the simulated complex reflection coefficients of the unknown material under test. A fast searching algorithm is performed to match the measured reflection coefficients to the reference values in the database, thus the complex permittivity of the liquid can be obtained. An in‐house measurement system is developed. The unique feature of this system is that it can be applied to an arbitrarily‐shaped probe. Liquid samples are measured and the results are compared with that published in the literature. Good agreements are obtained. These results could be useful for liquid microwave component designs and applications.
Die chronisch thromboembolische pulmonale Hypertonie (CTEPH)
Authors: Ley Sebastian , Kreitner Karl-Friedrich
Published: February 2020

Die chronisch thromboembolische pulmonale Hypertonie (CTEPH) bildet die Kategorie 4 der ESC/ERS-Leitlinien zur pulmonalen Hypertonie (PH). Es handelt sich um eine seltene, aber auch unterdiagnostizierte Erkrankung, deren Inzidenz auf 0,1 – 9,1% bei Patienten nach einer akuten Lungenembolie (Mittel 4%) und auf bis zu 10% nach wiederholten Lungenembolien geschätzt wird. Sie ist die einzige Erkrankung aus dem Formenkreis der PH, die mittels einer Operation kurativ behandelt werden kann.

Patienten mit vermuteter CTEPH müssen diagnostisch abgeklärt werden hinsichtlich des Nachweises einer CTEPH und ihrer differenzialdiagnostischen Abgrenzung insbesondere zur idiopathischen pulmonalarteriellen Hypertonie. Zudem müssen chirurgisch therapierbare Patienten erkannt und die pulmonale Hämodynamik (mittlerer pulmonalarterieller Druck und Lungengefäßwiderstand) sicher bestimmt werden. Wenn eine Ventilations-Perfusions-Szintigrafie den Verdacht auf eine CTEPH liefert, sollte die weitere Diagnostik mittels CT-Angiografie und Rechtsherzkatheteruntersuchung erfolgen 1.
Efficacy and safety of traction-assisted endoscopic submucosal dissection: a meta-regression of randomized clinical trials
Authors: Su Ying-Fong , Cheng Sheng-Wei , Chang Chun Chao , Kang Yi-No
Published: February 2020

Background Endoscopic submucosal dissection (ESD) is widely used to treat gastrointestinal lesions. A traction-assisted (TA) strategy has been recently developed for ESD. In this study, we evaluated the safety and efficacy of TA-ESD compared with conventional ESD (C-ESD).

Methods We searched PubMed, Embase, Web of Science, and the China National Knowledge Infrastructure to identify randomized clinical trials that compared TA-ESD and C-ESD. No filters for language or date of publication were used. Outcomes included complete resection rate, resected specimen size, procedure time, hemostasis usage (frequency), overall complication rate, perforation rate, and delayed bleeding rate. We used the mean difference (MD) for continuous outcomes in a random-effects model and Peto odds ratio (POR) for binary outcomes where any zero cell existed. Effect sizes and their 95 % confidence intervals (CIs) were determined.

Results 12 out of 929 identified articles, including 1499 patients, were analyzed. According to pooled results, TA-ESD produced similar R0 resections to C-ESD, but its procedure time (minutes) was shorter than that of C-ESD (MD – 16.02, 95 %CI – 22.71 to – 9.33). Moreover, TA-ESD had a lower complication rate (POR 0.47, 95 %CI 0.29 to 0.76) and perforation rate (POR 0.24, 95 %CI 0.10 to 0.56) than C-ESD. A nonsignificant difference in delayed bleeding rate was observed, although there was a trend toward this being lower in TA-ESD than C-ESD (POR 0.90, 95 %CI 0.46 to 1.75, I
2 = 12 %).

Conclusions The traction-assisted strategy improves safety and efficacy in the treatment of patients with ESD. However, we observed different effect sizes in the esophagus, stomach, and colorectum.
Guggulipid: A Promising Multi-Purpose Herbal Medicinal
Agent
Authors: Ahmad Md Afroz , Mujeeb Mohd , Akhtar Mohd , Khushtar Mohd. , Arif Mohd. , Haque Md Rafiul
Published: February 2020

Herbal medicines therapy is appreciated by many research works because herbal
drugs have relatively high therapeutic window, lower side effects and more
cost effective. Guggulipid is an ethyl acetate extract of resin known as
guggul from the tree Commiphora wightii / mukul (Arn.)
Bhandari. Chemical analysis revealed that the compounds responsible
for the major activities of gum guggul are the isomers E- and
Z-guggulsterone. Guggul has been used for thousands of years in the
treatment of arthritis, inflammation, obesity, cardiac protection,
anti-ulcer, anti-epileptic and disorders of lipid metabolism. This review is
an assortment of available information reported on its chemical,
pharmacological and toxicological properties in various research studies.
The available therapeutic properties of guggulipid make it suitable natural
product for the treatment of various disorders like inflammation, pain,
wounds, liver disorder and Acne etc. Graphical Abstract
Graphical Abstract.
International Microsurgery Club: An Effective Online Collaboration System
Authors: Tang Evelyn Ting-Hsuan , Goh Mei , Goh Raymond , Ghoraba Samir M. , Shafarenko Mark , Hung Pei-Tzu , Huang Jung-Ju , Chu Cheng-Fong , Kwon Soo-Ha , Hsu Angela Ting-Wei , Lin Jennifer An-Jou , Lee Che-Hsiung , Chang Tommy Nai-Jen
Published: February 2020

Background This study aimed to determine if International Microsurgery Club (IMC) is an effective online resource for microsurgeons worldwide, in providing an avenue for timely group discussions and advice regarding complicated cases, and an avenue for collaboration and information sharing.

Methods All posts on the IMC Facebook group from member 1 to 8,000 were analyzed according to inclusion criteria and categorized into three categories—case discussion, question, and information sharing. Posts were retrospectively analyzed for number of responses, time of responses, number of “likes,” number of treatment options, time of day, and demographics of authors and responders.

Results A retrospective analysis of 531 cases showed an average response rate of 75.7% within 1 hour and as membership grew. The response rate stabilized averaging between 72.5 and 78% across all times of the day. An average of 11.8 microsurgeons was involved per case discussion, and 5.7 treatment options were provided per case.

Conclusion IMC is shown to be an effective resource to allow microsurgeons to access timely advice from other microsurgeons without time and distance limitation, and to have interactive group discussions on complicated cases.
Protection against Haemophilus influenzae Type B, Diphtheria, and Tetanus in Children from Major Cities of Pakistan: A Community-Based Study
Authors: Saqib Muhammad Arif Nadeem , Rafique Ibrar , Ullah Obaid , Irshad Rabia , Javed Najma , Khan Aftab , Firdous Rukhsana , Raza Ali , Afzal Muhammad Sohail
Published: February 2020

Objective Pentavalent vaccine has been introduced in Pakistan against tetanus, diphtheria, Haemophilus influenzae type B (HiB), pertussis, and hepatitis B virus.

Methods This study was designed to determine protection against diphtheria, tetanus, and HiB in children of age 18 to 24 months from community which had received all three doses of pentavalent vaccine.

Results Overall, 97% were having immunity against HiB, 97% against tetanus, and 88% against diphtheria. Our study showed that children aged 18 to 24 months in Pakistan have high level of protection against HiB and tetanus. However, the protection for diphtheria was low in 40% of children which could be improved by adding a booster dose of diphtheria.

Conclusion By increasing the vaccine coverage among children, the burden of these diseases can be reduced in the future.
The regulatory and transcriptional landscape associated with carbon utilization in a filamentous fungus
Authors: Wu Vincent W. , Thieme Nils , Huberman Lori B. , Dietschmann Axel , Kowbel David J. , Lee Juna , Calhoun Sara , Singan Vasanth R. , Lipzen Anna , Xiong Yi , Monti Remo , Blow Matthew J. , O’Malley Ronan C. , Grigoriev Igor V. , Benz J. Philipp , Glass N. Louise
Published: February 2020

Filamentous fungi, such as
Neurospora crassa
, are very efficient in deconstructing plant biomass by the secretion of an arsenal of plant cell wall-degrading enzymes, by remodeling metabolism to accommodate production of secreted enzymes, and by enabling transport and intracellular utilization of plant biomass components. Although a number of enzymes and transcriptional regulators involved in plant biomass utilization have been identified, how filamentous fungi sense and integrate nutritional information encoded in the plant cell wall into a regulatory hierarchy for optimal utilization of complex carbon sources is not understood. Here, we performed transcriptional profiling of
N. crassa
on 40 different carbon sources, including plant biomass, to provide data on how fungi sense simple to complex carbohydrates. From these data, we identified regulatory factors in
N. crassa
and characterized one (PDR-2) associated with pectin utilization and one with pectin/hemicellulose utilization (ARA-1). Using in vitro DNA affinity purification sequencing (DAP-seq), we identified direct targets of transcription factors involved in regulating genes encoding plant cell wall-degrading enzymes. In particular, our data clarified the role of the transcription factor VIB-1 in the regulation of genes encoding plant cell wall-degrading enzymes and nutrient scavenging and revealed a major role of the carbon catabolite repressor CRE-1 in regulating the expression of major facilitator transporter genes. These data contribute to a more complete understanding of cross talk between transcription factors and their target genes, which are involved in regulating nutrient sensing and plant biomass utilization on a global level.
Na kaza, greza kung stradu
Authors: Wong Kevin Martens
Published: February 2020

Kristang is the critically endangered heritage language of the Portuguese-Eurasian community in Singapore. Using newly-identified mentions of Kristang in the Singapore National Library Board’s NewspaperSG digitised collection, I present a preliminary sketch of a hitherto-undocumented and previously poorly understood part of Kristang’s history in Singapore between the 1880s and the late 1920s, demonstrating that, in addition to the use of Kristang in religious functions, there existed a vibrant Kristang theatre scene involving multiple Eurasian theatre troupes performing in Kristang. This in turn has allowed for a more coherent understanding of Kristang’s historical domains of use and the place of the language and speech community in multilingual colonial Singapore, especially in terms of its relationship with the various hybridised theatrical forms developing throughout Southeast Asia in the second half of the nineteenth century, and a revised understanding of Kristang’s history in Singapore overall.
Towards a functional literacy approach to teach the language of science in the Singapore classroom
Authors: Adams Jonathon , Lim Fei Victor
Published: February 2020

This paper describes a pilot study exploring how an approach drawing on systemic functional linguistics can inform science
teaching. This study is an exploratory effort between researchers from a linguistics background and secondary school science teachers in the
Singapore science classroom. The teachers designed activities in the joint construction of texts to support students’ negotiation of
meanings and clarification of conceptual understandings. With this, the teachers applied strategies to draw attention to the
language of science in their lessons. The study points to the value of the functional literacy approach in science teaching and presents
implications on teacher professional learning as well as the role of linguistics in developing disciplinary literacy in students.
A Mechanical Model of Carbon Fiber Composite Materials based on Interfacial Effect
Authors: Wu Jing , Zhang Xiangming
Published: February 2020

The carbon fiber cement has compression sensibility. In this paper, the compression sensitivity of carbon fiber concrete is analyzed based on shear-lag theory and single fiber pull-out testing on the basis of predecessors’ researches. The results show that the change in interface resistance plays an important role on the change in resistance. The resistance increases with interfacial strain increasing. In the meanwhile, it is shown that the present research provides a comprehensive understanding on compression sensitivity of carbon fiber concrete.
Effect of SiC on the dielectric and microwave absorption performance of F-doped Si3N4 ceramics in X-band
Authors: Saleem Adil , Zhang Yujun , Gong Hongyu , Majeed Muhammad K , Lin Xiao , Zeeshan Ashfaq M , Xinfeng Zhang
Published: February 2020

In this study, silicon carbide reinforced silicon nitride (SiC/Si3N4) ceramics were fabricated by hot press (HP) sintering with the addition of fluorides (F=AlF3, MgF2). In order to investigate the dielectric and microwave (MW) absorption properties of SiC/Si3N4 ceramics in X-band, various concentrations of silicon carbide (SiC) have been used. The results demonstrate a complete phase transformation and the intergranular behavior of the SiC/Si3N4 ceramics with large and irregular grains of β−Si3N4. The relative complex permittivity and dielectric loss tangent increase significantly with the increasing fraction of SiC. The Cole-Cole semicircle analysis for SiC/Si3N4 ceramics shows a ternary dielectric behavior with the addition of SiC. Meanwhile, the reflection loss (RL) decreases with the increase of SiC content and the lowest value of RL was achieved −8.2 dB at 12.4 GHz, which reveal a favorable prospect as MW absorbers.
Research on Influence Law of Explosion Load on New Subway Cross-structure
Authors: Chengfei Fan , Bukui Zhou , Xigui Tao , Lubo Hao , Xiaochen Zhang , Chaofeng Li
Published: February 2020

In order to reveal the influence law of explosion load when new subway under-crossing existing subway, the research with the method of combining theoretical calculation and numerical simulation was developed. With theoretical calculation method, the reasonable structural parameters and material parameters were chose, then the equivalent static load of under-crossing structure was obtained at the condition of explosion wave. By using the ANASYS/LS-DYNA software, the propagation law of explosion wave and the load change law of structure were simulated in four different models. Through comparison analysis, it showed the theoretical calculation method and numerical simulation method were rational, and the influence that existing subway on new under-crossing subway was only about the explosion wave propagation velocity except the explosion wave form and amplitude value, and the influence that new under-crossing subway on existing subway about explosion wave was very small. It provided a theoretical basis for design and construction for new under-crossing subway.
Reinforcement research of a built project due to functional transformation
Authors: Luo Guo Bo , Pan Zheng Bin , Yang Xue Rui
Published: February 2020

According to the functional requirements, the construction unit intends to dismantle the 7/B and 8/B columns of the first to second floors of a Renovation of an existing project. The force of the structure has changed after the demolition, and the structure needs to be strengthened.In this paper, 7/AC and 8/AC beams of Negative third floors are reinforced with an enlarged section. After the section is enlarged, the negative moment reinforcement of adjacent beams 7/C-D and 8/C-D do not meet the requirements. The two beams has being enlarged the section at the upper part. Due to the large cross-sectional area of the beam after reinforcement, in order to form a strong column weak beam, the beam lower column 7/A, 8/A, 7/C, 8/C is strengthened by the enlarged section method, and the section is enlarged to make the column line stiffness Greater than the beam line stiffness.The carbon fiber sheet is pasted for reinforced with the beam-slab members in the range of 6-7/A-C and 8-9/A-C. According to the experience calculation, the reinforcement effect is better and meets the requirements of the force.
Research on anti-floating reinforcement of an existing project
Authors: Huang Yu Han , Pan Zheng Bin , Luo Guo Bo , Chen Long
Published: February 2020

Due to the lack of structural anti-floating, a certain part of the main structure has cracks, and the structure needs to be reinforced by buoyancy to make the project meet the requirements.After research, the Negative second floor of the original structure is reinforced with add the anti-floating anchors, apply pressure grouting for cracks in the plate, Paste carbon fiber cloth for the bottom of the plate and the damaged shear wall, externally-paste profile steel for the damaged column, and paste Carbon fiber sheet attached to damaged beam.the calculated of shear bearing and flexural capacity show that the board meets the requirements.
Determination of expansion pressure of heat exchange based on three material models
Authors: Li Xianzhang , Yang Lianfa , Jiang Jingyu , Huang Jinjie
Published: February 2020

The hydraulic expansion of the heat exchange tube-to-tubesheet is to apply the liquid pressure to expand the inner wall of the tube uniformly through the device. It make the tube wall deformed and contact the tube sheet. The expansion pressure which affects the quality of the expansion of the heat exchanger is one of the important factors for the hydraulic expansion of the heat exchanger. Therefore, in order to meet the expansion requirements, it is necessary to determine the expansion pressure of the heat exchange. The determination of hydraulic expansion pressure by some scholars are introduced in this paper.
Mechanical Properties of an Eco-friendly Concrete with partial replacement of POC and Rubber
Authors: Espinoza A , Jiménez B , Rodríguez J , Eyzaguirre C
Published: February 2020

Concrete plants consume 10 billion tons of natural aggregates annually from quarries and gravel plants for produce concrete, this demand requires exploiting natural resources from mountains and rivers producing an ecological imbalance. One solution is to use Palm Oil Clinker (POC), which is eliminated in large quantities in the dumps and rivers without taking advantage of its puzolanic, binding and resistance properties as an aggregate in the concrete; another alternative is to apply rubber from abandoned and discarded tires as waste in landfills or burned, without taking advantage of its performance of improvement in concrete, increasing its resistance to impact and fatigue. Unable to find joint POC and rubber information, this research studies its influence replacing 2.5% rubber (grained and crushed) with 10%, 12.5% and 15% POC in the fine aggregate on traditional concrete; results indicate that with 12.5% of POC as the ideal percentage, the compressive strength, tensile strength and flexural strength rise between 2.16 - 9.54%, so the concrete obtained has a cost of less than 4.09% and has 3.65% less CO2 emission.
Research on Attenuating Mechanism of Wave-eliminating Interceptor on Explosion shock wave in Tunnel Engineering
Authors: Chengfei Fan , Kezhi Yang , Wei Mao , Jinghua Huang , Xinwei Liu
Published: February 2020

The research on the explosion shock wave propagation and attenuation technology in tunnel engineering had been a hot issue at home and abroad. The installation of a series of wave-eliminating interceptor in tunnel engineering was beneficial to attenuate explosion shock wave in tunnel engineering. It was rapidly achieved to attenuate the explosion shock wave. In this paper, based on the clarification of the propagation law explosion shock wave in air, explosion load in tunnel engineering was analysed. And the waveform characteristics and propagation law of explosion shock wave were revealed. Then the rectification mechanism was got. The interaction between the explosion shock wave and the interceptor was analysed. Then the reflection mechanism and the disturbing mechanism were obtained. With the numerical simulation method, the propagation law of explosion shock wave under different angles of the interceptor was studied. The attenuation law of explosion shock wave was revealed. The optimal angle of interceptor was achieved.
Analysis of Insulation Structure Design for High Altitude UHV Reactor Bushing
Authors: Shiling Zhang
Published: February 2020

The ultra high voltage reactor bushing is the important equipment to realize the electrical connection between the reactor and the valve tower. The high altitude application environment puts forward higher requirement for electrical structure design of reactor bushing. The paper mainly discusses the design of the internal and external insulation structure. The design and analysis of the tail of the bushing, the corona ring and the inner insulation of bushing have been done. The three dimensional electric field simulation model has been set up to calculate and analyze the insulation performance of the bushing. The results show that the elevation correction of the external ring and the flash-over voltage of the porcelain under high altitude should be done, and the calculation shows that the correction coefficient are 2.07 and 1.36 respectively, and the end of bushing should install with double type ring. The insulation distance of the hollow composite insulator is designed as 8500mm. The insulation distance of the bushing tail is designed as 1955mm. The maximum field strength of the corona ring is 1.251kV⋅mm−1, and maximum field strength on the surface of tail corona ring is 16.96kV⋅mm−1. The axial field strength of the bushing core near center conductor is higher than the flange side, and the maximum field strength is 0.55kV⋅mm−1. The results of the paper can provide the theoretical basis for the design of the insulation of the reactor transformer bushing used in the UHV transmission project.
Empirical and Numerical Finite-Element-Based Model to Improve Narrow Vein Mine Design in Peruvian Mining
Authors: Belizario-Calsin M , Condori-Cardenas R , Pehovaz-Alvarez H , Raymundo-Ibañez C , Perez Moises
Published: February 2020

This paper proposes a numerical finite-element-based model aimed at optimizing narrow-vein stope stability. This model combines empirical and numerical methods to develop a sequence, which may determine an acceptable stope safety factor. A stope stability analysis was conducted through the Mathews stability graph method, which requires two factors: the hydraulic radius (HR) and stability number (N’). The Mathews stability graph method is used to assess the stability of an underground design. Variations in stope dimensions are estimated by changing the HR and Factor A within the N’, which is determined through numerical methods. The results of the numerical simulation indicate that the HR increases with an increase in stope dimensions, while Factor A maintains an inverse relationship with the maximum stress induced on the excavation walls. This document demonstrates the potential of combining empirical and numerical methods in stope design optimization, especially when developed in small narrow vein mines.
Optimal mesh design methodology considering geometric parameters for rock fragmentation in open-pit mining in the Southern Andes of Peru
Authors: Zamora-Paredes V , Arauzo-Gallardo L , Raymundo-Ibañez C , Perez Moises
Published: February 2020

Blasting is one of the most important stages in the productive process of a mine due to its direct impact on rock fragmentation, which determines the degree of productivity of operations and the extraction costs generated. In this scenario, an optimized methodology is presented for designing blasting meshes by using mathematical models that help calculate the geometric parameters of a blasting mesh, such as burden, considering the variables of the rock mass and the type of explosive to measure its impact on rock fragmentation and loading productivity (tons/hour). The main advantage of this method is the reliability of the design, which takes into account a greater number of variables that influence fragmentation and uses the principle of distribution and amount of energy in an optimal way. The results obtained in the case of application show that a change in design (2.7 x 2.7 square mesh to 2.2 x 2.5 triangular mesh) reduces P80 by 65%, from 17 to 6 inches, approximately. Additionally, the results show that greater operational efficiency was achieved by increasing excavator productivity by approximately 15.6%.
Optimized Method of Estimating Mineral Reserves Using the O’Hara Mathematical Model for Underground Mining in Peru
Authors: Torres-Sanchez V , Olivas-Maldonado P , Diaz-Huaina G , Raymundo-Ibañez C , Perez Moises
Published: February 2020

This research project is aimed at applying the proposed methodology to optimize the calculation of mining reserves using an empirical relationship for dilution, as proposed by O’Hara. This methodology uses three key parameters: dilution, mineral value, and total costs. In general, costs include mining costs, processing within plants, and administrative expenses related to producing a mineralized block. Similarly, to calculate the mineral value, studies on changes in mineral prices over the last 30 years were included to provide more representative values. The research was applied to mineralized block number 1000, which yielded positive results since dilution could be easily calculated using three key parameters: operating method, dip, and vein width. The dilution value of 12.25% was valid, as it was within the range of 10% to 23%. This range was considered based on other studies that apply this operating method. Then, the methodology was analyzed in three more settings, each represented by a mineralized block. The blocks assessed were 1001, 1002, and 1003, and the results indicated that the dilution found was acceptable at values of 18%, 19%, and 22%, respectively.
Research on key technology of jacking cable tunnel construction in mudstone and gravel composite stratum
Authors: Liu Kelong , Lu Zhiming , He Chunguang , Zhong Xiaoxing , Jiao Yang , Fan Liangzhong
Published: February 2020

In this paper, the key technology of jacking cable tunnel construction in mudstone and gravel composite stratum is studied. According to the conditions of the jacking cable tunnel crossing the mudstone gravel composite stratum, the selection of the jacking method, the design of the relay and the construction technology of the mud jacket were analyzed. This has important practical significance for promoting the construction of ecological underground engineering and reducing the impact of underground crossing construction on the ground environment and underground environment. It also has great social and economic benefits.
Clamp bending machine and annealed wire cutter for reinforced concrete columns
Authors: Marron J , Quispe G , Raymundo-Ibañez C , Perez Moises
Published: February 2020

This study developed a reinforced steel rod bending machine for rods with diameters of up to 8 mm and annealed wire cutter for up to 5 kg for replacing manual intervention required to bend rods in reinforced concrete columns. This study aims to reduce the physical effort that could lead to occupational diseases, such as tenosynovitis, bursitis, muscle disorders. Clamp manufacturing possesses great risk for workers, who are exposed to injuries while using different cutting devices, such as grinders and electric saws. They also face potential problems such as muscular fatigue due to the nonergonomic and repetitive work positions. The proposed machine features a mechanical dragging and bending systems and manual shears. Additionally, the proposed machine has been designed theoretically and its effectiveness has been assessed through simulations conducted using the SolidWorks CAD software. A bending machine prototype for producing clamps is developed and its machine productivity is measured. Using this machine, approximately 300 clamps can be bent per hour without possessing any risk to the worker.
Dynamics of phase transformation of Cu-Cr-Zr-Ag Alloy
Authors: Liang Dong , Mi Xujun , Peng Lijun , Xie Haofeng , Huang Guojie , Yang Zhen
Published: February 2020

Dynamic kinetic of phase transformation of Cu-Cr-Zr-Ag alloy has been studied according to the relationship between electrical conductivity and the volume fraction of phases during the aging. Based on above experiments, the Avrami empirical equation and electrical conductivity equation can be respectively identified at different aging treatment. S-curve of the dynamic kinetic during the aging process and C-curve of isothermal transformation for the Cu-Cr-Zr-Ag alloy are obtained.
Axial compression capacity calculation of slenderness CFST filled with DCLs
Authors: Zhang Huifeng , Bai Xue
Published: February 2020

The demolished concrete lumps (DCLs) has been demonstrated to replacement partial coarse aggregates when casting concrete. The experimental studied involved 12 Concrete-Filled Steel Tube (CFST) columns. Each columns diameter was 159mm, the length of specimens was 2000, 2200 and 2400 mm. The Diameter-to-thickness (D/t) ratio was 79, 53 and 40. The replacement ratio of FC by DCLs was 0, 20, 40 and 60%. The DCLs had slightly affect on the mechanical performances of slender CFST columns. the code CECS 28:2012 was used to calculate the bearing capacity of slender CFST columns filled with DCLs under axial compression