bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Zwitterionic structures of selenocysteine-containing dipeptides and their interactions with Cu(II) ions
Authors: Das Gunajyoti , Mandal Shilpi
Published: April 2015

The molecular structures of a series of selenocysteine-containing dipeptides in their zwitterionic forms were studied using the B3LYP/6-311++G(d,p) level in the aqueous phase. The B3LYP and BHandHLYP functionals in combination with 6-311++G(d,p) and LANL2DZ basis sets were used to investigate the effects of metal coordination on the structural and molecular properties of the dipeptides by complexing them with bivalent copper ions. The results from this DFT study provide valuable insights into the interaction enthalpies (metal ion-binding affinities) and free energies, the influence of the C-terminal moiety on the backbone structural features, the existence of various types of intramolecular H-bond interactions, harmonic vibrational frequencies, along with various other electronic properties pertaining to the zwitterions of the dipeptide molecules as well as their metallic complexes. Metal coordination via the carboxylate groups tends to enhance the planarity of the amide planes. The participations of the N- and C-terminal side-chain moieties in metal-binding markedly enhance the thermodynamic stability of the metalated dipeptides. The theoretical λmax values, calculated using the TD/DFT level for all the systems, well represent the occurrence of d-d transitions in the Cu-dipeptide complexes
Ascorbic acid amperometric sensor using a graphene-wrapped hierarchical TiO2 nanocomposite
Authors: Fu Li , Zheng Yu-Hong , Fu Zhu-Xian
Published: April 2015

An ascorbic acid (AA) amperometric sensor was fabricated based on a glassy carbon electrode (GCE) modified with a reduced graphene oxide-wrapped hierarchical TiO
Performance and characterisation of CeO2–TiO2–WO3 catalysts for selective catalytic reduction of NO with NH3
Authors: Li Hao , Qu Guang-Fei , Duan Yan-Kang , Ning Ping , Zhang Qiu-Lin , Liu Xin , Song Zhong-Xian
Published: April 2015

Ce-Ti-W-O
Novel pathways of interaction of maleic anhydride derivatives with phosphorus(III) compounds: synthesis and characterisation of N,N,N′,N′ -tetraethyl-2,3-diphenylbut-2-enediamide and 3-dihydrofuranylidene-4-phosphorylidene–oxolane-2,5,5′-trione
Authors: Musin Lenar I. , Bogdanov Andrei V. , Krivolapov Dmitry B. , Dobrynin Alexey B. , Musin Rashid Z. , Khrustalev Viktor N. , Mironov Vladimir F.
Published: April 2015

Maleic anhydride undergoes C-phosphorylation under the action of tris(diethylamino)phosphine to afford 3-dihydrofuranylidene-4-phosphorylidene-oxolane-2,5,5′-trione whereas 2,3-diphenylmaleic anhydride under the same conditions turns into N,N,N′,N′-tetraethyl-2,3-diphenylbut-2-enediamide. The latter reaction can serve as a novel approach for the synthesis of dicarboxylic acids diamides from corresponding cyclic anhydrides. Their structures were established by NMR and X-ray diffraction.
Synthesis and insecticidal activity of anthranilic diamides with hydrazone substructure
Authors: Wu Jian , Xie Dan-Dan , Shan Wei-Li , Zhao Yong-Hui , Zhang Wei , Song Baoan , Yang Song , Ma Juan
Published: April 2015

A series of anthranilic diamides with a hydrazone substructure was synthesised and characterised using
Comparison of actual evaporation from water surface measured by GGI-3000 evaporimeter with values calculated by the Penman equation
Authors: Kohu Mojmír , Rožnovský Jaroslav , Knozová Grazyna
Published: April 2015

Information about water evaporation is essential for the calculation of water balance. Evaporation, however, is a very complex physical process and it is therefore difficult to quantify. Evaporation measurements from the weather station network of the Czech Hydrometeorological Institute between 1968 and 2011 were performed using the evaporimeter GGI-3000. Evaporation was calculated using modified standard method based on FAO. The aim of the article was to compare the measured values and calculations. It has been found that the evaporation values from water surface calculated using the empirical equation are usually higher than the measured values by on average 0.8 mm, in extreme cases even 6.9 mm. The measured data shows higher variability than the calculated values, which means that correlations between series are not strong, the correlation coefficient being 0.7. Nevertheless the findings can be used for homogenization of series measured by the GGI-3000 evaporimeter.
Spatial expression of potential wind erosion threats to arable soils in the Czech Republic
Authors: Spáčilová Bronislava , Středa Tomáš , Thonnová Pavlína
Published: April 2015

Wind erosion risk strongly depends on soil surface conditions. Aridity or dryness of the climate in the Czech Republic is a typical property for Southern Moravia and Central Bohemia. The study aims to map and assess qualitatively the areas vulnerable to wind erosion using available data and intelligible methodology. The evaluation is based on the number of days when at least once a day dry condition of bare soil surface was recorded. Daily data of soil surface state from 70 climatological stations to 500 m altitude from 1981 to 2010 are used. First, soil conditions from 1st March to 30th April and from 1st September to 31st October were evaluated. Evaluation of erosion risk in May is presented separately in the second phase, because only thermophilous crops (late-sowing crops) can be affected in that time. The results show that mainly in the South and Southeast Moravia, there are areas where up to 60 days with dry soil surface in the spring and autumn occurred. Occurrence of such conditions may represent potential risk of wind erosion for arable soils and therefore potential risk for sown crops and loss of fertile soil surface which is irreplaceable for agricultural activities. The results are applicable for preparation of a concept of wind erosion control measures in the threatened regions.
Positivity criteria for log canonical divisors and hyperbolicity
Authors: Lu Steven S. Y. , Zhang De-Qi
Published: April 2015

Let X be a complex projective variety
and D a reduced divisor on X.
Under mild conditions on the singularities
of

(
X
,
D
)

$(X,D)$

, which includes the case of smooth
X with simple normal crossing D, and by running
the minimal model program,
we obtain by induction on dimension via adjunction
geometric criteria guaranteeing various positivity
conditions for

K
X

+
D

$K_{X}+D$

.
Our geometric criterion for

K
X

+
D

$K_{X}+D$

to be numerically effective yields also
a geometric version of the cone theorem
and
a criterion for

K
X

+
D

$K_{X}+D$

to be pseudo-effective
with mild hypothesis on D.
We also obtain,
assuming the abundance conjecture and
the existence of rational curves on Calabi–Yau manifolds,
an optimal geometric sharpening of the Nakai–Moishezon
criterion for the ampleness of a divisor of the form

K
X

+
D

$K_{X}+D$

,
a criterion verified under a canonical hyperbolicity assumption on

(
X
,
D
)

$(X,D)$

. Without these conjectures, we verify
this ampleness criterion with mild assumptions on D, being none in
dimension two and

D
≠
0

$D\neq 0$

in dimension three.
Knowledge Management in the Project Life Cycle - Initial Research on Polish Smes
Authors: Łapuńka Iwona , Pisz Iwona
Published: April 2015

Contemporary organizations run their activities in an environment, which might be defined as fully uncertain and turbulent. Due to variations that occur in the surrounding environment, an increased attention of management practitioners and theoreticians is paid to new management concepts frequently in an integrated version. The authors express a deep belief that consolidation of approaches to project management and knowledge management constitutes a response to challenge for modern organizations. Research into the issue was based on an attempt to determine significance of the knowledge management issue in a life of projects performed by Polish small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs). Systemizing of desired knowledge management results in a project, from the point of view of its crucial success factors, is essentially substantiated in providing success of projects performed.

Preliminary research included SMEs in construction engineering industry. The enterprises perform project- driven orders or apply a project approach in economic activities that they execute. Research conducted by the authors so far, implies, that the SME sector is characterized by a particularly low efficiency in project management. Hypothetic assumptions indicate that one of the main reasons of reaching an unsatisfactory level of project proficiency shaped mainly by processes of synchronizing and coordination of project activities, is an insufficient level of development of social, organization and technological systems and methods of capitalization, as well as transmission of useful project management knowledge.

Essential function is performed by a group of selected respondents - 25 enterprises from the group of SMEs, including 5 micro enterprises, 12 small enterprises, and 8 medium-sized enterprises. Analyses performed so far, take into consideration the economic situation of SMEs in Poland.
“Tengo Famiglia”: The Family as a Metaphor of Corruption in Italy
Authors: Torsello Davide
Published: April 2015

In this article I will pursue two goals: the first is to outline how the family works as a metaphor in public discourses on corruption; the second is to consider some aspects in social anthropology that have influenced the creation of theoretical paradigms on corruption through the analytical filter of kinship. The final idea of this article is that the metaphor of the family, although not new in the context of corruption, serves to create cognitive schemas of reference that simplify and banalise the debate on corruption, by diverting attention from its true nature. The persistence of the importance of the metaphor of “I have a family” may imply new forms and meanings of corruption in Italy, including the importance of the mechanisms of social exchange, the practice of building symbolic relationships and the change in social roles and power within these dynamics and transactions.
Refurnishing the Home in Post-War Neoliberalism: Consumption Strategies in the Sarajevan Household Economy
Authors: Lofranco Zaira Tiziana
Published: April 2015

This article ethnographically explores the consumption practices and strategies of Sarajevan households, framing them in the economic and socio-cultural dynamics that affected family life following the war and post socialist transformation. Displacement and the collapse of the socialist economic system led to Sarajevans suffering downward socio-economic mobility and widespread mistrust of the world outside. Despite the material issues that could be moral justification for the consumption strategies driven by strict necessity and familism, this article will consider how (humanitarian and interpersonal) donations and credits are used to convey a sort of symbolic reappropriation of the home and to strive to reposition the household’s socio-economic status. Ultimately the article takes into account how these consumption strategies reshape social relations within and outside the family in the peculiar conjuncture of post-war neoliberalism
Sports: Faster, Higher, Stronger, and Public Relations
Authors: Tamir Ilan , Hilik Limor Yehiel , Galily Yair
Published: April 2015

Sport in the modern age is both politics and business. In a combined world of politics, business, hatred, jealousy and boastfulness, in which each person aims to achieve his objective while “disregarding all the rules,” as Orwell describes, public relations are a valuable strategic and tactical weapon. Success is not measured on the sports field alone, but in the newspaper headlines, on the television and the computer screens and in the bank account. The motto once proposed by Baron Pierre de Coubertin-“Citius, Altius, Fortius” (faster, higher, stronger)-is slowly clearing the way for a new, more updated motto: “Faster, higher, stronger, bigger (business) and especially-more PR.”
Rule-Following, Meaning Constitution, and Enaction
Authors: Presti Patrizio Lo
Published: April 2015

The paper submits a criticism of the standard formulation of Wittgenstein’s rule-following paradox. According to the standard formulation, influenced by Kripke, the paradox invites us to consider what mental or behavioral items could constitute meaning. The author proposes instead an enactivist understanding of the paradox. On this account there is no essential gap between mental items and behavioral patterns such that the paradox enforces a choice between meaning being constituted either internally ‘in mind,’ or externally ‘in behavior.’ The paper begins with an introduction to the paradox and then presents arguments against standard solutions. It ends with the enactivist proposal, admitting that although much more needs to be said before it can be established as a full-fledged alternative, it nonetheless holds some promise both for revising our understanding of the paradox and for the formulation of a novel solution.
Comparison of time-series registration methods in breast dynamic infrared imaging
Authors: Riyahi−Alam S. , Agostini V. , Molinari F. , Knaflitz M.
Published: April 2015

Automated motion reduction in dynamic infrared imaging is on demand in clinical applications, since movement disarranges time−temperature series of each pixel, thus originating thermal artifacts that might bias the clinical decision. All previously proposed registration methods are feature based algorithms requiring manual intervention. The aim of this work is to optimize the registration strategy specifically for Breast Dynamic Infrared Imaging and to make it user−independent. We implemented and evaluated 3 different 3D time−series registration methods: 1. Linear affine, 2. Non−linear Bspline, 3. Demons applied to 12 datasets of healthy breast thermal images. The results are evaluated through normalized mutual information with average values of 0.70 ±0.03, 0.74 ±0.03 and 0.81 ±0.09 (out of 1) for Affine, Bspline and Demons registration, respectively, as well as breast boundary overlap and Jacobian determinant of the deformation field. The statistical analysis of the results showed that symmetric diffeomorphic Demons’ registration method outperforms also with the best breast alignment and non−negative Jacobian values which guarantee image similarity and anatomical consistency of the transformation, due to homologous forces enforcing the pixel geometric disparities to be shortened on all the frames. We propose Demons’ registration as an effective technique for time−series dynamic infrared registration, to stabilize the local temperature oscillation.
Ultrasonic IR thermographic inspection of graphite epoxy composite: a comparative study of piezoelectric and magnetostrictive stimulation
Authors: Swiderski W. , Vavilov V.
Published: April 2015

In this paper the experimental results of piezoelectric and magnetostrictive ultrasonic stimulation are comparatively analyzed in the evaluation of impact damage in a graphite epoxy composite sample chosen for a round robin test. By comparing theoretical and experimental results, it is shown that the equivalent power of internal friction can reach some hundreds mill watt per a single crack.
Liquid crystal dual-mode band-pass filter with improved performance
Authors: Torrecilla J. , Marcos C. , Urruchi V. , Sánchez-Pena J.M. , Chojnowska O.
Published: April 2015

Over the last twenty years, there has been a growing interest in the design of tunable devices at microwave frequencies by us- ing liquid crystals technology. In particular, the use of liquid crystals with high dielectric anisotropy allows manufacturing voltage-controlled devices to operate in a wide frequency range. In this work the frequency response of a liquid crystal band-pass filter with dual-mode microstrip structure has been studied in depth by using a simulation software tool. A reshap- ing of a conventional dual-mode square patch resonator bandpass filter with a square notch, studied in the literature, has been proposed with the goal of improving the filter performance. The main features achieved are a significant increase in the return loss of the filter and a narrowing of a 3-dB bandwidth. Specifically, a reduction in the filter bandwidth from 800 MHz to 600 MHz, which leads to a return loss increase from 6 dB to 12.5 dB, has been achieved. The filter centre frequency can be tuned from 4.54 GHz to 5.19 GHz.
Beyond Digital Dwelling: Re-thinking Interpretive Visualisation in Archaeology
Authors: Watterson Alice
Published: April 2015

Archaeology is a visually rich discipline with a long history of utilising images across a
variety of contexts within its practice. However, due to the often unavoidably subjective nature of visual
interpretation, fundamental issues with its application remain problematic and largely unresolved.
Furthermore, in recent years the rising dominance of digital techniques for archaeological threedimensional
surveys and interpretive visualisation has resulted in a rapid uptake of emerging technologies
without adequate assessment of their impact on the interpretive process and practitioner engagement.
Using an example from experimental work in Orkney as a springboard for discussion this paper outlines
the need for the field to develop a more practical approach to addressing some of these recurring issues
by developing methodologies which more accurately reflect the multi-layered, interpretive and ambiguous
processes involved in archaeological interpretation.
Metaphor Evaluation of Leadership Styles: A Case Study of Presidential New Year Greetings
Authors: Arcimaviciene Liudmila , Jonaitiene Vida
Published: April 2015

By using the analytical framework of Critical Metaphor Analysis (CMA) and procedurally employing
Pragglejaz Group’s Metaphor Identification Procedure (MIP), this study aims at evaluating metaphor use in
the narrative of presidential New Year greetings of twelve political leaders. The evaluation of the identified 409
metaphoric clusters has demonstrated that different political leaders evoke two power skills within the ethical
dimension: hard and soft. Furthermore, it has been clarified that hard power leadership is more varied at its
three conceptual levels of semantic representation: pragmatic, intermediary and transactional. The clarified
metaphoric utterances have revealed that female leaders are more democratic in their conceptualisation and
linguistic preferences than their male counterparts, i.e. the male leaders tend to prioritise competitive forcefulness
over cognitive empathy and community concerns, while the female leaders tend to emphasize the importance of a
unified and compassionate approach to solving social and political problems.
Open-source benchmarking for learned reaching motion generation in robotics
Authors: Lemme A. , Meirovitch Y. , Khansari-Zadeh M. , Flash T. , Billard A. , Steil J. J.
Published: April 2015

This paper introduces a benchmark framework to evaluate the performance of reaching motion generation approaches that learn from demonstrated examples. The system implements ten different performance measures for typical generalization tasks in robotics using open source MATLAB software. Systematic comparisons are based on a default training data set of human motions, which specify the respective ground truth. In technical terms, an evaluated motion generation method needs to compute velocities, given a state provided by the simulation system. This however is agnostic to how this is done by the method or how the methods learns from the provided demonstrations. The framework focuses on robustness, which is tested statistically by sampling from a set of perturbation scenarios. These perturbations interfere with motion generation and challenge its generalization ability. The benchmark thus helps to identify the strengths and weaknesses of competing approaches, while allowing the user the opportunity to configure the weightings between different measures.
The dynamics of neural activation variables
Authors: Reimann Hendrik , Lins Jonas , Schöner Gregor
Published: April 2015

This paper presents a comprehensive and detailed analysis of the elementary building blocks of neurally inspired architectures for cognitive robotics. It provides a brief outline of the fundamental principles by which biological nervous systems link to the environment in terms of perception, cognition, and behavior. We describe a class of dynamic neural activation variable based on these principles. We show that these dynamic neurons have the appropriate stability properties.Adding even simple connections between a small number of nodes is sufficient to constitute systems that make important decisions. Going through these mechanisms in detail, this paper should facilitate the design of neurally inspired architectures for behavior generation in robotic agents.
Advances in Ruthenium Catalysed Hydrogen Release from C1 Storage Materials
Authors: van der Waals Dominic
Published: April 2015

Recent years have seen an increasing demand for fossil-fuels and consequent mounting damage to the environment. With this increasing demand the need for a renewable alternative source of energy is required. Hydrogen has been highlighted as an interesting alternative energy carrier showing both practical and economic advantages, particularly when used in conjunction with a hydrogen fuel cell [1]. Whilst there has been much progression in the clean and renewable production of hydrogen through; biomass gasification, photoelectrolysis and also electrolysis using energy derived from renewable sources [2,3], a challenge remains for the storage and delivery of hydrogen for small and mobile applications. This mini-review discusses a range of viable C1 hydrogen storage materials and focuses on the key publications, as well as recent additions to the literature, related to the ruthenium catalysed release of hydrogen as this is one of most intensively researched areas of the field. Current progress in the homogeneous ruthenium catalysed reduction of CO2 is also discussed.
Effect of silver on the catalytic hydrodechlorination of tetrachloromethane over silica-supported palladium-silver catalysts
Authors: Bonarowska Magdalena , Kaszkur Zbigniew , Karpiński Zbigniew
Published: April 2015

Two silica-supported palladium based catalysts characterized by overall metal loadings 10 wt.%, and atomic Pd : Ag ratios of 100 : 0 and 70 : 30, were prepared by incipient wetness impregnation, subjected to reduction in hydrogen and characterized by XRD. It was found that incipient wetness co-impregnation of silica resulted in the formation of a catalyst characterized by relatively small metal crystallites (~11 nm) and significant extent of Pd-Ag alloying. The catalytic performance was investigated in the hydrodechlorination of tetrachloromethane in the gas phase. Silver addition to palladium in the co-impregnated catalysts had very pronounced effect, vastly decreasing the overall activity (conversion) and also the selectivity towards hydrocarbons, propensity characteristic for the monometallic palladium catalysts working in CCl4 hydrodechlorination carried out in the gas phase. Instead, large amounts of C2HxCly dimeric products were formed. These dimers are considered as possible coke precursors. Post-reaction samples of both catalysts contained large amount of carbon which entered the Pd and Pd-Ag phases. This carbon can be easily removed by treatment with hydrogen at 450ºC.
Turbostratic carbon supported Ni-Pd alloys in aqueous-phase hydrodechlorination of 1,1,2-trichloroethene
Authors: Śrębowata A. , Kamińska I.I.
Published: April 2015

Two step modification of Norit CNR115 active carbon led to formation of mesoporous turbostratic carbon structure. Ni-Pd catalysts were prepared by incipient wetness impregnation of turbostratic active carbon with an aqueous solution of nickel and palladium chloride salts and were investigated by the Temperature-Programmed Reduction (TPR), Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM), High Resolution Transmission Electron Microscopy (HRTEM), X-Ray Diffraction (XRD) and Temperature- Programmed Hydrogenation (TPH). The aqueous-phase hydrodechlorination of 1,1,2-trichloroethene (TCE) were carried out in a batch reactor at room temperature. Addition of palladium to nickel catalysts resulted in increasing of TCE conversion from 85% for Ni100 to more than 90% for Ni95Pd05 after 150 minutes of reaction. Aqueous-phase hydrodechlorination of TCE led to the formation of hydrocarbons (ethane and ethene) as the main products. Temperature-programmed hydrogenation of the catalysts after kinetic run have shown that during reactions with TCE only a small amount of carbon species were deposited on the catalysts surface and that chloride species were not observed.
The Impact of Taxation on Economic Growth: Case Study of OECD Countries
Authors: Macek Rudolf
Published: April 2015

The aim of this paper is to evaluate the impact of individual types of taxes on the economic growth by utilizing regression analysis on the OECD countries for the period of 2000–2011. The impact of taxation is integrated into growth models by its impact on the individual growth variables, which are capital accumulation and investment, human capital and technology. The analysis in this paper is based on extended neoclassical growth model of Mankiw, Romer and Weil (1992), and for the verification of relation between taxation and economic growth the panel regression method is used. The taxation rate itself is not approximated only by traditional tax quota, which is characteristic by many insufficiencies, but also by the alternative World Tax Index which combines hard and soft data. It is evident from the results of both analyses that corporate taxation followed by personal income taxes and social security contribution are the most harmful for economic growth. Concurrently, in case of the value added tax approximated by tax quota, the negative impact on economic growth was not confirmed, from which it can be concluded that tax quota, in this case as the indicator of taxation, fails. When utilizing World Tax Index, a negative relation between these two variables was confirmed, however, it was the least quantifiable. The impact of property taxes was statistically insignificant. Based on the analysis results it is evident that in effort to stimulate economic growth in OECD countries, economic-politic authorities should lower the corporate taxation and personal income taxes, and the loss of income tax revenues should be compensated by the growth of indirect tax revenues.
In Search of Christian Paideia Education and Conversion in Early Christian Biography
Authors: Gemeinhardt Peter
Published: April 2015

Der Beitrag untersucht die Bedeutung autobiographischer Konversionsberichte im Blick auf die Bedeutung von Bildung im frühen Christentum. Während Justin eine Tour
d’horizon durch die antike Philosophie unternimmt und sich aufgrund seiner einschlägigen Kenntnisse den paganen Philosophen als gewachsen, ja überlegen fühlt, sind die pseudoklementinischen Homilien ostentativ bildungskritisch, so dass der junge Protagonist eine spezifi sch christliche Bildung erwirbt. Die Dankrede des Gregor Thaumaturgus an Origenes illustriert schließlich die grundlegende Rolle paganer Bildung und Philosophie für den Erwerb christlicher Bildung, so dass christlicherseits eine begründete Stellungnahme und Abgrenzung möglich wird. Allen drei Textkomplexen ist gemeinsam, dass die Autoren das Bedürfnis verspürten, ihre vor- oder außerchristliche Bildung zum christlichen Glauben und Leben ins Verhältnis zu setzen
Did Christian Ethics have any Influence on the Conversion to Christianity?
Authors: Ißermann Ilka
Published: April 2015

Die frühchristlichen Apologeten verteidigten in ihren Schriften das Christentum gegen die heidnischen Vorwürfe, indem sie unter anderem immer wieder auf die Vorzüglichkeit der christlichen Ethik hinwiesen, die sich im alltäglichen Leben der Christen manifestierte. Die Apologeten hätten nicht auf diese Argumentation zurückgegriffen, wenn sie darin nicht Anknüpfungspunkte zu ihrer nichtchristlichen Umwelt gesehen hätten. Dafür übernahmen sie die unterschiedlichsten philosophischen Lehrmeinungen und passten sie ihren argumentativen Bedürfnissen an. Ein Blick auf die Moralvorstellungen innerhalb der nichtchristlichen Gesellschaft, wie sie von der Philosophie, der Schulbildung und auch im paganen Kult verbreitet wurden, bildet die Grundlage für einen Vergleich mit den apologetischen Argumentationslinien und ermöglicht Rückschlüsse auf die Reichweite der apologetischen Argumente. Bei den philosophisch gebildeten Lesern schien die christliche Moral aber weniger mit theoretischen Betrachtungen überzeugen zu können als mit den praktischen Erfolgen der christlichen Lehre bei Menschen aller Bildungsschichten.
Nos ergo soli innocentes! (Apologeticum 45,1) Innocence as a Marker of Christian Affiliation in Tertullian’s Apologeticum
Authors: Villani Andrea
Published: April 2015

Ziel dieses Beitrages ist es, die Verwendung des Konzeptes von innocentia sowie das Kontrastmotiv Unschuld/Schuld in Tertullians Apologeticum zu analysieren. Mittels besonderer rhetorischer und literarischer Strategien wie retorsio und Ringkomposition versucht Tertullian zu beweisen, dass nur die Christen als wirklich unschuldig anzusehen sind, während sich dagegen die Heiden mit ihren unrechten Handlungen den Christen gegenüber als schuldig erweisen. Um dies aufzuzeigen, benutzt Tertullian den Begriff innocentia in zweifacher Weise: Am Anfang seiner Apologie ist sie im rein juristischen Sinn (Mangel an Schuld) zu verstehen, wohingegen in den Schlussparagraphen der Unschuldsbegriff wie eine christliche Tugend wirkt, die ihre Besonderheit aus der Verbundenheit mit Gott erhält und mit einem vollkommenen sittlichen Verhalten zu identifizieren ist.
Aufsätze / Essays. Autogenerazione della divinità: Da Crizia (frammenti 3 e 4 Snell-Kannicht) al dio cristiano
Authors: Alvoni Giovanna
Published: April 2015

The adjective αὐτοφυὴς, which is well attested as an epithet of the Christian God, appears also in the pagan oracles (see Lactantius, Divinae institutiones 1,7,1 [28,15-17 H./W.]). The most ancient source in which αὐτοφυὴς is used in relation to the highest god goes as far back as the 5th century B.C.E. This adjective is in fact present in fragment 4 Snell-Kannicht. The fi ve anapaests in fragment 4 Snell-Kannicht belong to the lost tragedy Pirithous, which has been attributed to Euripides, but was probably composed by Critias. The identity of the god addressed in this fragment has been disputed and is problematic. According to the most widely-accepted hypothesis, this god (in what corresponds to an orphic view) ought to be identifi ed with Time who is called τίκτων αὐτὸς ἑαυτόν in a different fragment (3 Snell-Kannicht) of the same work. Supported by Satyrus, Vita Euripidis fragmentum 37 I, II and III (92-94 S.), the author suggests that the Pirithous writer very deliberately chose not to identify the god addressed in fragment 4 Snell-Kannicht. Regarding the concept of the god’s self-generation, which is present in both the fragments from Pirithous, the author emphasizes the great importance this has for the transmission of these fragments by Clement of Alexandria.
Aufsätze / Essays. Origen’s Doctrine of Pre-Existence and the Opening Chapters of Genesis
Authors: Martens Peter W.
Published: April 2015

ZUSAMMENFASSUNG Der Artikel führt die Vorstellung des Origenes von der Präexistenz der Seelen insbesondere auf seine exegetische Arbeit zurück, speziell auf die Auslegung der ersten Genesiskapitel. Soweit sich aufgrund der Homiliae in Genesim und der Commentarii
in Genesim sowie weiterer Schriften erkennen lässt, hat Origenes den Beginn der Genesis allegorisch gedeutet. Hierfür dürfte nicht nur die inhaltliche Nähe zwischen einer allegorischen Auslegung der ersten Genesiskapitel und einigen Grundgedanken der Vorstellung von der Präexistenz der Seele verantwortlich sein, sondern besonders auch der antignostische Duktus von Origenes’ Theologie. Origenes versucht mit seiner Genesisdeutung, die Theologie und Anthropologie der Gnostiker zu kritisieren und zugleich eine Vorstellung von der Präexistenz der Seelen zu entwickeln, die mit der regula fidei der Kirche vereinbar war.

Diese Beobachtungen haben einige Konsequenzen für das Origenesbild insgesamt. Zum einen zeigt sich, dass ausgerechnet der Topos, der in den späteren Verurteilungen des 6. Jahrhunderts für die Verurteilung der Theologie des Origenes wichtig wurde, selbst - Ironie der Geschichte - antihäretisch motiviert war. Gerade die Vorstellung von der Präexistenz der Seele spielte in Origenes’ Auseinandersetzung mit den Gnostikern eine zentrale Rolle. Zum anderen stellt die biblische Begründung der Lehre von der Präexistenz alle Versuche, den philosophischen Anteil im Denken Origenes gegen seinen theologischen auszuspielen, in Frage. Keineswegs führte die Rezeption philosophischer Gedanken Origenes vom Genesistext weg, sondern die Vorstellung der Präexistenz zeigt gerade, wie stark Origenes’ Denken auf der exegetischen Arbeit am biblischen Text beruht.
Medicorum pueri – Zu einer Metapher bei Augustinus
Authors: Weber Dorothea
Published: April 2015

This article first deals with the question of how Augustine made use of the metaphor of
Eine Sache der Familie?
Authors: Greschat Katharina
Published: April 2015

In Greco-Roman antiquity, the family or the household (
The dispositio of the Gospel of Judas
Authors: Painchaud Louis
Published: April 2015

Upon first reading, the Gospel of Judas gives the impression that it is a work composed by an author who was not greatly concerned with organizational matters. However, when we look more closely at it, we are obliged to rethink this first impression. Patterns in the recurrence of themes and language in the Gospel of Judas show the structural importance of a concentric series of inclusions; when these inclusions are taken into account, we see that the work is organized around two sections, with each section echoing and clarifying the other. This bipartite
The Presentation and Reception of Basil’s Homiliae in hexaemeron in Gregory’s In hexaemeron
Authors: DeMarco David C.
Published: April 2015

This article deals with the intellectual relationship between Basil of Caesarea and his younger brother Gregory of Nyssa as seen in their two treatments of the six days of creation. The analysis first examines how Gregory himself in his
„Bevor der Hahn zweimal krähen wird ...“
Authors: Kraus Thomas J.
Published: April 2015

Although I have repeatedly published about the so-called Fayum Fragment (P.Vindob.G) 2325 - a fragment of a potential, non-canonical gospel, I have previously only briefly touched on the two lexemes ἀ λεκτρυών and κοκκύζω used for the cock’s crow. In the present study, I will offer a more detailed presentation of their usage and provide a more thorough analysis of the question, which expressions for the cock and its crow were common in Greek in various areas and situations. The result comes as a surprise: it is not the usage in the text of the Fayum Fragment that is striking and peculiar in comparison with the rest of Greek literature, but rather the fact that the canonical gospels consistently use ἀ λέκτωρ with φωνέω. Furthermore, the term
Justin’s Debate with Crescens the Stoic
Authors: Thorsteinsson Runar M.
Published: April 2015

Justin Martyr probably wrote his
Asceticism and syneisaktism in Asterius’ Liber ad Renatum monachum
Authors: Tamás Hajnalka , Van der Sypt Liesbeth
Published: April 2015

This article offers an in-depth study of Asterius’ often neglected Liber ad Renatum monachum in relation to its compositional context and other similar writings from Late Antiquity. It starts with a thorough discussion about the possible date, author, and place of the Liber ad Renatum monachum. One will see that the context of the writing was the (early) fifth century, but also that the treatise cannot be connected to a place more precisely than the Latin West. In the second part of this article, a closer look is given to the ascetic content of the Liber ad Renatum monachum. Although the treatise has many topics worth discussing, the present authors have chosen to direct their attention to the rather unknown late antique ascetic practice of syneisaktism, a practice in which an ascetic man and a virgin lived together unmarried with the (unofficial) promise to remain chaste. For this reason the final part of this article is wholly dedicated to the question of how Asterius used and reworked a centuries-old tradition of arguments against syneisaktism. The analysis extends over a wide range of polemical writings, starting from Asterius’ proven sources (e.g., Jerome’s Epistulae and the anonymous De singularitate clericorum) to sources previously not connected with this work (e.g., John Chrysostom’s Adversus eos qui apud se habent subintroductas virgines and Quod regulares feminae viris cohabitare non debeant, and several works of the Cappadocians).
“Defining Sacred Boundaries”
Authors: Benga Daniel
Published: April 2015

The present paper examines the criteria by which the Christian communities of Syria demarcated themselves from the pagan society, on the basis of the Didascalia Apostolorum, a „church order” of the third century. The article shows that the theoretical Christian monotheism had countless practical consequences for the daily lives of the early Christians. The ban on idolatry, which had initially led Christianity into isolation, became an important pillar of the new Christian identity. From this perspective, the following areas of delimitation are examined: baptism as a criterion of delimitation from the pagan world; the rejection of pagan literature; the mixed marriages between Christians and pagans; balnea mixta etc. The touchstone of the delimitation criteria is the Bible with its provisions against idolatry and immorality. The boundary between the two antique religions appears in daily life to be an area in which common life was possible, rather than a very sharp line.
Aufsätze / Essays: Kalender und religiöse Identität: Ostern in Hierapolis
Authors: Huttner Ulrich
Published: April 2015

The testimonies about the date of Pascha - statements by the bishop Claudius Apollinarios and the inscription on the tomb of P. Aelius Glykon - give instructive information about religious identities in imperial Hierapolis: Both Christians and pagans know more or less about the Jewish customs in the computation of the calendar. The calendaric discourse reveals itself as an important element of interaction between different religions.
The Limit of the Mind (NOΥΣ): Pure Prayer according to Evagrius Ponticus and Isaac of Nineveh
Authors: Bitton-Ashkelony Brouria
Published: April 2015

Isaak von Ninive ist nicht der erste Autor, der die Spiritualität des Evagrius zu ergründen sucht. In der syrischen Tradition ist er jedoch der erste, der dies gezielt für das Gebet unternimmt. Von Evagrius übernimmt er Gedanken wie die Reinheit des Gebets oder die Lebendigkeit des Geistes im Gebet, zugleich entwickelt er die Aspekte des Staunens und der Ruhe weiter. Hierbei zeigen sich erhebliche Unterschiede zwischen Evagrius und Isaak. Isaak betont besonders die Bedeutung der Erfahrung für den menschlichen Geist und betont vom Gedanken des Staunens aus die Begrenztheit der Kontemplation. Isaaks Bemühungen um eine Klärung des geistlichen Gebets stellen einen der wichtigsten Beiträge für die ostkirchliche Theologie und Praxis in der Spätantike dar.
Upstanding Donatists: Symbolic communication at the Conference of Carthage (411)
Authors: Graumann Thomas
Published: April 2015

Bei der Konferenz von Karthago (411) schlagen die Donatisten bei zwei Gelegenheiten die Einladung des Vorsitzenden aus, sich zu setzen. Ihr Verhalten wird hier als ein demonstrativer Akt interpretiert, mit dessen Hilfe sie visuell und dramatisch ihr Selbstund Rollenverständnis ausdrücken und dabei zugleich den - in ihren Augen - wahren Charakter des Zusammenkommens agierend entlarven. Dies wird möglich nicht zuletzt durch die Wiederaufnahme bekannter ikonographischer Muster. Unter Anspielung auf biblische Texte vermögen sie ferner in der Pose des Stehens ihr Schriftverständnis und ihre Ekklesiologie mindestens anzudeuten. Die Reaktionen des Vorsitzenden und Augustins zeigen, dass die so symbolisch kommunizierten donatistischen Standpunkte verstanden wurden. Mit der Beobachtung der kommunikativen Bedeutung von Verhalten und körperhaftem Ausdruck im konkreten Fall lädt der Aufsatz zugleich ein, die heuristische Bedeutung derartiger Elemente für die Interpretation synodaler Vorgänge insgesamt ernster zu nehmen.
A Heat Exchanger Networks Synthesis Approach Based on Inherent Safety
Authors: José A. Inchaurregui-Méndez  , Richart Vázquez-Román  , José María Ponce-Ortega  , M. Sam Mannan
Published: April 2015

An approach to incorporate inherent safety in the synthesis of heat exchanger networks (HEN) based on optimal layouts is given in this work. Hot and cold streams are produced in a set of facilities and some of these facilities may release toxic gas. The geographical allocation where each produced hot and cold stream is then incorporated in the conventional HEN synthesis problem. The number of heat exchangers, area requirement, energy consumption and energy configuration are thus optimally determined. Given are flows, inlet and outlet temperatures for each cold and hot stream as well as sufficient information on cooling and heating services. The annual cost is minimized while allowing for specification of constraints on matches, heat loads and streams splitting. The underlined idea is that inherent safety is achieved when simultaneously producing HEN and optimal facility layouts where risk due to toxic releases is also minimized. The numerical evidence indicates that inclusion of safety layouts with allocations of hot/cold streams can modify conventional HEN synthesis. The resulting model is a highly nonlinear mixed integer program (MINLP).
Banana Pepper Response and Annual Weed Control with S-metolachlor and Clomazone
Authors: Mohseni-Moghadam Mohsen , Doohan Douglas
Published: April 2015

Field experiments were conducted at the North Central Agricultural Research Station in Fremont, OH, in 2006 and 2007, to evaluate tolerance of banana pepper to S-metolachlor and clomazone, and the efficacy of these herbicides on green and giant foxtail, common lambsquarters, and common purslane. The crop was machine-transplanted in late spring of each year. Pretransplant (PRETP) herbicide treatments included two S-metolachlor rates (534 and 1,070 g ai ha−1), two clomazone rates (560 and 1,120 g ai ha−1), and four tank mixes of S-metolachlor plus clomazone (534 + 560 g ha−1, 1,070 + 560 g ha−1, 534 + 1,120 g ha−1, and 1,070 + 1,120 g ha−1). Crop injury and weed control data were collected at 2 and 4 wk after treatment (WAT). The crop was harvested two times from August to September. Minor crop injury was observed at 2 WAT only in 2006 and in plots treated with S-metolachlor, alone or in combination with clomazone. In 2007, slight crop injury at 6 WAT in most herbicide-treated plots was mostly related to weeds that grew regardless of herbicide treatment. In general, S-metolachlor provided less weed control than did clomazone or tank mixes of S-metolachlor plus clomazone. Clomazone did not reduce yield of banana pepper. Registration of clomazone would provide banana pepper growers an opportunity to control weeds caused by late emergence or poor initial control following a burndown herbicide application.
Soundless Speech/ Wordless Writing: Language and German Silent Cinema
Authors: Silberman Marc
Published: April 2015

Speech / Wordless Writing:Language and German Silent CinemaMarc Silberman If language loses its communicative and interpretative functions in direct proportion to the loss of its referential grounding, then the modernist crisis is simultaneously a crisis of its signifying practices. This means that the evolution of the silent cinema is a particularly rich site to examine the problematic relationship of language and image. This essay presents several expressionist films as a specific response to this crisis in order to describe the diverse cinematic forms of resistance to the word, to articulated speech. While some film makers developed the silence of the silent film into a “gestural language” that dramatized light and movement, others reproduced the film figures’ silent speech by means of graphically stylized intertitles. My thesis is that the expressionist cinema maintained an idealistic notion of the film as a pure work of art that aimed at a unified composition of all elements and missed the opportunity to explore the rich semiotic possibilities of the new technological medium with its hybrid, synergetic forms and provocative force. Hence, the expressionist cinema marks a transition or even the endpoint of a long process of reflection about the communicative possibilities of language that shifted to a fundamentally new level with the invention of sound cinema at the end of the 1920s. Parole muette / écriture sans mot: Le langage et le cinéma allemand muetMarc Silberman Le langage, dit-on, perd de ses functions communicatrices et interpretatives en proportion directe à la perte de sa force référentielle. On dira que la crise moderniste est également une crise des pratiques signifiantes. Ce qui revient à dire aussi que l’évolution du cinéma muet serait une site particulièrement riche pour examiner les problématiques du langage vs. l’image. Cet essai présente quelques films expressionnistes comme réactions à la crise du langage, pour mieux circonscrire les diverses formes cinématiques de résistance au mot, à la parole claire. Chez certains cinéastes, le silence du film muet se traduit en “langage gestuel” qui dramatise lumière et mouvement. D’autres reproduisent les paroles silencieuses par le moyen d’intertitres graphiquement stylisés. On pourrait dire que le cinéma expressionniste, en promuant une notion idéaliste de l’art pur qui viserait à une composition unifiée, aura manqué une occasion rare d’explorer toutes les potentialités sémiotiques offertes par le nouveau médium technique et ses formes hybrides et synergétiques, voire par sa capacité de provocation. Ainsi, le cinéma expressionniste marquerait un moment de transition ou même le point final à un long processus de réflexion quant aux capacités communicatrices du langage. La pensée se porte désormais sur les conditions nouvellement présentées par l’invention du son à la fin des années 1920.
FROM SOAP OPERA TO REALITY PROGRAMMING: EXAMINING MOTHERHOOD, MOTHERWORK AND THE MATERNAL ROLE ON POPULAR TELEVISION
Authors: Feasey Rebecca
Published: April 2015

Representations of motherhood dominate the television landscape in a variety of popular genre texts, and as such it is important that we consider the ways in which these women are being constructed and circulated on the small screen. Indeed, although much work has been done to investigate the depiction of women on television, little research exists to account for the portrayal of mothering, motherhood, and the maternal role. With this in mind, this article introduces extant literature concerning the representation of motherhood in the media and then examines ways in which this research might be understood in relation to the depiction of mothers in soap opera, situation comedy, teen drama, dramedy and reality television. It considers the ways in which popular television texts form a consensus as they negotiate the idealized image of the ‘good’ mother in favour of a more attainable depiction of ‘good enough’ mothering which stands apart from the romanticized image of the ideal mother that dominates the broader entertainment arena.