bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
PKD1 deficiency induces Bronchiectasis in a porcine ADPKD model
Authors: Wang Runming , Li Wenya , Dai Haiting , Zhu Mingli , Li Lingyu , Si Guohui , Bai Yilina , Wu Hanyu , Hu Xiaoxiang , Xing Yiming
Published: October 2022

Background

Autosomal dominant polycystic kidney disease (ADPKD) is a prevalent genetic disorder, mainly characterized by the development of renal cysts, as well as various extrarenal manifestations. Previous studies have shown that ADPKD is related to bronchiectasis, while its pathogenic mechanism is unclear. In previous studies, we have generated the PKD1+/− pigs to simulate the progression of cyst formation and physiological alterations similar to those seen in ADPKD patients.

Methods

Phenotypic changes to airway epithelial cell and mesenchymal cell in PKD1+/− pigs were assessed by histological analysis. The molecular mechanisms driving these processes were investigated by using PKD1+/− pig lungs, human mesenchymal cells, and generating PKD1 deficient human epithelial cells.

Results

We identified bronchiectasis in PKD1+/− pigs, which is consistent with the clinical symptoms in ADPKD patients. The deficiency of PKD1 suppressed E-cadherin expression in the airway epithelial barrier, which aggravated invasion and leaded to a perpetuated inflammatory response. During this process, extracellular matrix (ECM) components were altered, which contributed to airway smooth muscle cell phenotype switch from a contractile phenotype to a proliferative phenotype. The effects on smooth muscle cells resulted in airway remodeling and establishment of bronchiectasis.

Conclusion

To our knowledge, the PKD1+/− pig provides the first model recapitulating the pathogenesis of bronchiectasis in ADPKD. The role of PKD1 in airway epithelial suggests a potential target for development of new strategies for the diagnosis and treatment of bronchiectasis.
Diabetes mellitus duration and mortality in patients hospitalized with acute myocardial infarction
Authors: Baviera Marta , Genovese Stefano , Colacioppo Pierluca , Cosentino Nicola , Foresta Andreana , Tettamanti Mauro , Fortino Ida , Roncaglioni Maria Carla , Marenzi Giancarlo
Published: October 2022

Background

Diabetes mellitus (DM) is associated with an increased mortality risk in patients hospitalized with acute myocardial infarction (AMI); however, no studies have investigated the impact of the duration of DM on in-hospital mortality. In this study, we evaluated in-hospital mortality in AMI patients according to DM status and its duration.

Methods

Using health administrative databases of Lombardy, DM patients≥50 years hospitalized with AMI from 2010 to 2019 were included in the analysis and were stratified according to the duration of DM: <5, 5–10, and > 10 years. The primary endpoint was mortality during AMI hospitalization and the secondary endpoint was 1-year mortality in comparison with No-DM patients. Logistic and Cox regressions analyses were used to estimate odds ratios (ORs, CI 95%) and hazard ratios (HRs, CI 95%) for the outcomes, according to DM status and duration and AMI type (STEMI and NSTEMI).

Results

Our study cohort comprised 29,566 and 109,247 DM and No-DM patients, respectively. Adjusted ORs and HRs showed a significantly higher risk of in-hospital mortality (OR 1.50, 95% CI 1.43–1.58) and 1-year mortality (HR 1.51, 95% CI 1.46–1.55) in DM patients in comparison with those without. These risks increased progressively with the duration of DM, with the highest risk observed in patients with DM duration ≥ 10 years (OR 1.59, 95% CI 1.50–1.69 for in-hospital mortality and HR 1.59, 95% CI 1.53–1.64 for 1-year mortality). These findings were similar in STEMI and in NSTEMI patients.

Conclusions

Our study demonstrates that the duration of DM parallels mortality risk in patients hospitalized with AMI, highlighting that DM duration should be considered as an important early prognostic risk factor in patients with AMI.
Health-related quality of life among postpartum women with preeclampsia, southern Ethiopia: a prospective cohort study
Authors: Jikamo Birhanu , Adefris Mulat , Azale Telake , Alemu Kassahun
Published: October 2022

Background

Preeclampsia affects the health of the mother and the fetus during pregnancy and childbirth. To date, little is known about the impact of preeclampsia on postpartum health-related to quality of life (HRQoL) in the Sidama region of southern Ethiopia. This study aimed to measure the HRQoL and its contributing factors among postpartum women with preeclampsia in the Sidama region.

Methods

A prospective cohort study was conducted by enrolling pregnant women at ≥20 weeks of gestation up until the 37th week of gestation. We then followed them until 12 weeks after delivery. A locally validated, World Health Organization Quality-of-Life-BREF (WHOQOL-BREF) tool was used to assess participants’ HRQoL at two time points; the 6th and 12th weeks postpartum. Assessment of HRQoL of participants was based on total scores on the WHOQoL-BREF. Higher scores on the WHOQoL-BREF reflected a higher HRQoL. Multiple linear regression analyses were performed to evaluate the contributing factors to HRQoL. The level of significance was determined at ap-value of < 0.05.

Results

The HRQoL of postpartum women with preeclampsia significantly improved over time from 6 (151 ± 17) to 12 weeks (167 ± 18),p < 0.001). However, the overall HRQoL scores were lower (156 ± 16,p < 0.001) among women with preeclampsia compared to normotensive women (181 ± 21). An experience of early neonatal death was found to have a significant negative effect on the HRQoL of women with preeclampsia [β = − 2.1, 95% CI: − 3.43– − 0.85] compared to normotensive women who did not have early neonatal death. At 6 weeks of the postpartum period, the physical domain was found to have a significantly higher contribution to the lower HRQoL [β = 1.04, 95% CI: 0.88–1.12] compared to normotensive women, while other factors were constant.

Conclusions

The HRQoL of women with preeclampsia improved over time from 6 to 12 weeks in the postpartum period. Lower HRQoL was observed among postpartum women with preeclampsia, especially among those who experienced preterm birth or early neonatal death. The effects of preeclampsia on the HRQoL of postpartum women should be considered in redesigning postnatal care intervention services.
Prognostic and clinicopathological significance of CD155 expression in cancer patients: a meta-analysis
Authors: Zhang Dan , Liu Jingting , Zheng Mengxia , Meng Chunyan , Liao Jianhua
Published: October 2022

Background

It has been previously reported that CD155 is often over-expressed in a variety of cancer types. In fact, it is known to be involved in cancer development, and its role in cancer has been widely established. However, clinical and mechanistic studies involving CD155 yielded conflicting results. Thus, the present study aimed to evaluate overall prognostic value of CD155 in cancer patients, using a comprehensive analysis.

Methods

Online databases were searched, data was collected, and clinical value of CD155 was evaluated by combining hazard ratios (HRs) or odds ratios (ORs).

Results

The present study involved meta-analysis of 26 previous studies that involved 4325 cancer patients. These studies were obtained from 25 research articles. The results of the study revealed that increased CD155 expression was significantly associated with reduced OS in patients with cancer as compared to low CD155 expression (pooled HR = 1.772, 95% CI = 1.441–2.178, P < 0.001). Furthermore, subgroup analysis demonstrated that the level of CD155 expression was significantly associated with OS in patients with digestive system cancer (pooled HR = 1.570, 95% CI = 1.120–2.201, P = 0.009), hepatobiliary pancreatic cancer (pooled HR = 1.677, 95% CI = 1.037–2.712, P = 0.035), digestive tract cancer (pooled HR = 1.512, 95% CI = 1.016–2.250, P = 0.042), breast cancer (pooled HR = 2.137, 95% CI = 1.448–3.154, P < 0.001), lung cancer (pooled HR = 1.706, 95% CI = 1.193–2.440, P = 0.003), head and neck cancer (pooled HR = 1.470, 95% CI = 1.160–1.862, P = 0.001). Additionally, a significant correlation was observed between enhanced CD155 expression and advanced tumor stage (pooled OR = 1.697, 95% CI = 1.217–2.366, P = 0.002), LN metastasis (pooled OR = 1.953, 95% CI = 1.253–3.046, P = 0.003), and distant metastasis (pooled OR = 2.253, 95% CI = 1.235–4.110, P = 0.008).

Conclusion

Altogether, the results of the present study revealed that CD155 acted as an independent marker of prognosis in cancer patients, and it could provide a new and strong direction for cancer treatment.
Estimating health system opportunity costs: the role of non-linearities and inefficiency
Authors: Hernandez-Villafuerte Karla , Zamora Bernarda , Feng Yan , Parkin David , Devlin Nancy , Towse Adrian
Published: October 2022

Background

Empirical estimates of health system opportunity costs have been suggested as a basis for the cost-effectiveness threshold to use in Health Technology Assessment. Econometric methods have been used to estimate these in several countries based on data on spending and mortality. This study examines empirical evidence on four issues: non-linearity of the relationship between spending and mortality; the inclusion of outcomes other than mortality; variation in the efficiency with which expenditures generate health outcomes; and the relationship among efficiency, mortality rates and outcome elasticities.

Methods

Quantile Regression is used to examine non-linearities in the relationship between mortality and health expenditures along the mortality distribution. Data Envelopment Analysis extends the approach, using multiple measures of health outcomes to measure efficiency. These are applied to health expenditure data from 151 geographical units (Primary Care Trusts) of the National Health Service in England, across eight different clinical areas (Programme Budget Categories), for 3 fiscal years from 2010/11 to 2012/13.

Results

The results suggest differences in efficiency levels across geographical units and clinical areas as to how health resources generate outcomes, which indicates the capacity to adjust to a decrease in health expenditure without affecting health outcomes. Moreover, efficient units have lower absolute levels of mortality elasticity to health expenditure than inefficient ones.

Conclusions

The policy of adopting thresholds based on estimates of a single system-wide cost-effectiveness threshold assumes a relationship between expenditure and health outcomes that generates an opportunity cost estimate which applies to the whole system. Our evidence of variations in that relationship and therefore in opportunity costs suggests that adopting a single threshold may exacerbate the efficiency and equity concerns that such thresholds are designed to counter. In most health care systems, many decisions about provision are not made centrally. Our analytical approach to understanding variability in opportunity cost can help policy makers target efficiency improvements and set realistic targets for local and clinical area health improvements from increased expenditure.
Scoring model based on the signature of non-m6A-related neoantigen-coding lncRNAs assists in immune microenvironment analysis and TCR-neoantigen pair selection in gliomas
Authors: Zhao Wenbo , Wu Yibo , Zhao Feihu , Xue Zhiyi , Liu Wenyu , Cao Zenxin , Zhao Zhimin , Huang Bin , Han Mingzhi , Li Xingang
Published: October 2022

Background

Small peptides encoded by long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) have attracted attention for their various functions. Recent studies indicate that these small peptides participate in immune responses and antigen presentation. However, the significance of RNA modifications remains unclear.

Methods

Thirteen non-m6A-related neoantigen-coding lncRNAs were selected for analysis from the TransLnc database. Next, a neoantigen activation score (NAS) model was established based on the characteristics of the lncRNAs. Machine learning was employed to expand the model to two additional RNA-seq and two single-cell sequencing datasets for further validation. The DLpTCR algorithm was used to predict T cell receptor (TCR)-peptide binding probability.

Results

The non-m6A-related NAS model predicted patients’ overall survival outcomes more precisely than the m6A-related NAS model. Furthermore, the non-m6A-related NAS was positively correlated with tumor cells’ evolutionary level, immune infiltration, and antigen presentation. However, high NAS gliomas also showed more PD-L1 expression and high mutation frequencies of T-cell positive regulators. Interestingly, results of intercellular communication analysis suggest that T cell-high neoplastic cell interaction is weaker in both of the NAS groups which might arise from decreased IFNGR1 expression. Moreover, we identified unique TCR-peptide pairs present in all glioma samples based on peptides encoded by the 13 selected lncRNAs. And increased levels of neoantigen-active TCR patterns were found in high NAS gliomas.

Conclusions

Our work suggests that non-m6A-related neoantigen-coding lncRNAs play an essential role in glioma progression and that screened TCR clonotypes might provide potential avenues for chimeric antigen receptor T cell (CAR-T) therapy for gliomas.
A study on prescriptions contributing to the risk of high anticholinergic burden in adults with intellectual disabilities: retrospective record linkage study
Authors: Laura Ward McKernan , Cooper Sally-Ann , Henderson Angela , Stanley Bethany , Greenlaw Nicola , Pacitti Christine , Cairns Deborah
Published: October 2022

Background

People with intellectual disabilities may face a disproportionate risk of experiencing high anticholinergic burden, and its negative sequalae, from a range of medications, and at younger ages than the general population, but there has been little previous study. Our aim was to determine the source of anticholinergic burden from prescribed medication.

Methods

Retrospective matched observational study using record linkage. Adults with (n = 4,305), and without (n = 12,915), intellectual disabilities matched by age-, sex- and neighbourhood deprivation. The main outcome measure was the prescription of long-term (approximately 12 months use) anticholinergic medications overall (classified according to the Anticholinergic Risk Scale [ARS]), by drug class, individual drugs, and polypharmacy.

Results

Adults with n = 1,654 (38.4%), and without n = 3,047 (23.6%), intellectual disabilities were prescribed medications long-term with anticholinergic effects. Of those on such drugs, adults with intellectual disabilities were most likely to be on central nervous system (62.6%), gastrointestinal (46.7%), and cardiovascular (28.4%) medications. They were prescribed more central nervous system, gynaecological/urinary tract, musculoskeletal, and respiratory medications, and less cardiovascular, infection, and endocrine medications than their matched comparators. Regardless of age, sex, or neighbourhood deprivation, adults with intellectual disabilities had greater odds of being prescribed antipsychotics (OR = 5.37 [4.40–6.57], p < 0.001), antiepileptics (OR = 2.57 [2.22–2.99], p < 0.001), and anxiolytics/hypnotics (OR = 1.28 [1.06–1.56], p = 0.012). Compared to the general population, adults with intellectual disabilities were more likely to be exposed to overall anticholinergic polypharmacy (OR = 1.48 [1.33–1.66], p < 0.001), and to psychotropic polypharmacy (OR = 2.79 [2.41–3.23], p < 0.001).

Conclusions

Adults with intellectual disabilities are exposed to a greater risk of having very high anticholinergic burden through polypharmacy from several classes of medications, which may be prescribed by several different prescribers. There is a need for evidence-based recommendations specifically about people with intellectual disabilities with multiple physical and mental ill-health conditions to optimise medication use, reduce inappropriate prescribing and adverse anticholinergic effects.
Alternative career pathway decision-support job database for international medical graduates in Canada
Authors: Sikdar Saif , Chowdhury Nashit , Lake Deidre , Turin Tanvir C.
Published: October 2022

Objectives

Canadian regulations have made it challenging for the international medical graduates (IMGs) to get jobs in their original profession as physicians. Consequently, alternative careers are gaining interest among IMGs to avoid underemployment or unemployment. We conducted research to identify the factors that IMGs consider for taking up an alternative career in Canada. Based on those understandings, we aimed to create a database where information about health-related alternative jobs is presented in a searchable way, which can aid IMGs’ strategic job search.

Data description

We first determined job searching preferences and constraints for IMGs regarding alternative career through focus groups. We used their preferred and constraining factors for collecting job-specific information through systematically reviewing job advertisements. Using this information, we created a database that contains available alternative career pathways for IMGs living in Canada. In total, we have identified 1374 job titles under 192 unique job categories comprising 47 National Occupational Classification (NOC) codes that could be suitable for IMGs seeking an alternative career based on their own short, intermediate, and long-term career goals. We expect that this database will help IMGs in deciding on alternative careers.
Traumatic bone marrow lesions in dual-energy computed tomography
Authors: Ren Qiuping , Tang Deqiu , Xiong Zhiyuan , Zhao Heng , Zhang Shuixing
Published: October 2022

Traumatic bone marrow lesions (TBMLs) are considered to represent a range of concealed bone injuries, including haemorrhage, infarction, and localised oedema caused by trabecular microfracture occurring in the cancellous bone. If TBMLs are not managed timeously, they potentially cause a series of complications that can lead to irreversible morbidity and prolonged recovery time. This article reviews interesting image findings of bone marrow lesions in dual-energy computed tomography (DECT). In addition to combining the benefits of traditional CT imaging, DECT also reveals and identifies various structures using diverse attenuation characteristics of different radiographic spectra. Therefore, DECT has the capacity to detect TBMLs, which have traditionally been diagnosed using MRI. Through evaluating DECT virtual non-calcium maps, the detection of TBMLs is rendered easier and more efficient in some acute accidents.
Reproducibility of lung cancer radiomics features extracted from data-driven respiratory gating and free-breathing flow imaging in [18F]-FDG PET/CT
Authors: Faist Daphné , Jreige Mario , Oreiller Valentin , Nicod Lalonde Marie , Schaefer Niklaus , Depeursinge Adrien , Prior John O.
Published: October 2022

Background

Quality and reproducibility of radiomics studies are essential requirements for the standardisation of radiomics models. As recent data-driven respiratory gating (DDG) [18F]-FDG has shown superior diagnostic performance in lung cancer, we evaluated the impact of DDG on the reproducibility of radiomics features derived from [18F]-FDG PET/CT in comparison to free-breathing flow (FB) imaging.

Methods

Twenty four lung nodules from 20 patients were delineated. Radiomics features were derived on FB flow PET/CT and on the corresponding DDG reconstruction using the QuantImage v2 platform. Lin’s concordance factor (Cb) and the mean difference percentage (DIFF%) were calculated for each radiomics feature using the delineated nodules which were also classified by anatomical localisation and volume. Non-reproducible radiomics features were defined as having a bias correction factor Cb  < 0.8 and/or a mean difference percentage DIFF% > 10.

Results

In total 141 features were computed on each concordance analysis, 10 of which were non-reproducible on all pulmonary lesions. Those were first-order features from Laplacian of Gaussian (LoG)-filtered images (sigma = 1 mm): Energy, Kurtosis, Minimum, Range, Root Mean Squared, Skewness and Variance; Texture features from Gray Level Cooccurence Matrix (GLCM): Cluster Prominence and Difference Variance; First-order Standardised Uptake Value (SUV) feature: Kurtosis. Pulmonary lesions located in the superior lobes had only stable radiomics features, the ones from the lower parts had 25 non-reproducible radiomics features. Pulmonary lesions with a greater size (defined as long axis length > median) showed a higher reproducibility (9 non-reproducible features) than smaller ones (20 non-reproducible features).

Conclusion

Calculated on all pulmonary lesions, 131 out of 141 radiomics features can be used interchangeably between DDG and FB PET/CT acquisitions. Radiomics features derived from pulmonary lesions located inferior to the superior lobes are subject to greater variability as well as pulmonary lesions of smaller size.
Medical cannabis, CBD wellness products and public awareness of evolving regulations in the United Kingdom
Authors: Erridge Simon , Coomber Ross , Sodergren Mikael H
Published: October 2022

Background

In the UK, legislation and regulations governing medical cannabis and over the counter cannabidiol (CBD) wellness products have rapidly evolved since 2018. This study aimed to assess the public awareness of the availability, regulations, and barriers to access medical cannabis and over the counter CBD wellness products.

Methods

A cross-sectional survey study was performed through YouGov® using quota sampling methodology between March 22nd and March 31st 2021. Responses were matched and statistically weighted to UK adult population demographics, including those without internet access, and analysed according to percentage of respondents. Statistical significance was defined by p-value < 0.050.

Results

Ten thousand six hundred eighty-four participants completed the survey. 5,494 (51.4%) respondents believed that medical cannabis is legal in the UK. 684 (6.4%) participants consumed CBD for wellness reasons, 286 (2.7%) were prescribed CBD for a medical reason and 222 (2.1%) consumed CBD for another reason. 10,076 (94.3%) respondents were unaware of April 2021 regulations meaning that all over the counter CBD wellness products in the UK must conform to European Novel Foods Regulations. The most frequently reported main barriers to accessing medical cannabis were its association with recreational cannabis (n = 2,686; 25.1%), being unsure if it was legal (n = 2,276; 21.3%) and being unsure what medical conditions its can be used for (n = 1,863; 17.4%).

Conclusion

A large proportion of respondents are unaware of the legislation and regulations surrounding medical cannabis and over the counter CBD wellness products. Lack of knowledge may present a barrier to safe access to either product.
The problem of pregnancy complicated by chronic kidney disease
Authors: Oleszczuk Rafał , Kozińska Iga , Oleszczuk Anna , Grzebalska Agnieszka M.
Published: October 2022

Chronic kidney disease (CKD) in high-risk pregnancies is a challenge for multidisciplinary teams of doctors. Due to the fact that the disease affects both the mother and the fetus, and the course of the pregnancy. The following article reviews the literature about the interaction between pregnancy and CKD and dialysis therapy.

Even pregnancy itself can lead to a worsening of kidney dysfunction. The risk of this consequence increases with the degree of renal failure, therefore renal parameters and other pregnancy test results should be monitored. On the other hand, the most common complications of chronic kidney disease in pregnancy described in the literature include pre-eclampsia, preterm labor, intrauterine growth restriction (IUGR) or low birth weight, surgical delivery by caesarean section and miscarriage. Dialysis therapy also leads to abnormalities in the course of pregnancy, and patients require constant monitoring during its course. Attention is also drawn to the high percentage of newborns requiring intensive postpartum care.

Due to the risk for the fetus and mother mentioned in the article, nephrologists and gynecologists should cooperate closely from the pre-contraceptive period in order to reduce the risk of sequelae and better control of the underlying disease.
Living a postmodern purgatory: Death anxiety in Russian Doll
Authors: Bittner Corvin
Published: October 2022

Research within Terror Management Theory (TMT), an approach established by Jeff Greenberg, Tom Pyszczynski and Sheldon Solomon, suggests that the widespread current sense of impending doom and its accompanying political limbo is due to a pervasive death anxiety that has been shown to increase bigoted behaviours. This article addresses how the first season of Russian Doll, a Netflix show created by Natasha Lyonne, Leslye Headland and Amy Poehler in 2019, engages with the notion of time loops and multiverses triggered by death and thus imaginatively confronts the audience with mortality and the search for meaning in the face of the inevitable. This article argues that Russian Doll positions a collaborative approach to meaning making in the face of death as a way to overcome the more politically destructive facets of death anxiety. The protagonists cope with their mortality through fostering strong, positive relationships and overcoming their unresolved emotional issues, thereby creating meaningful lives for themselves.
Speculations, fabulations, incantations: Science fiction, contemporary futurology and how to change the world
Authors: Grillmayr Julia
Published: October 2022

After giving a short insight into the ambivalent relationship between science fiction (SF) and futurology, this article sheds light on the current trend of what can be called science-fictional scenario writing, focusing on the publications of the Center for Science and the Imagination at the Arizona State University. The stories published in projects, such as Hieroglyph, the Climate Fiction short story contest Everything Change or the Tomorrow Project, are indistinguishable from conventional SF short stories. However, the frameworks of these projects share a certain futurological ambition. Also, they seek to enable the readers and writers of these stories to actively shape possible futures. In search for a label for this specific text form, Rebecca Wilbanks aptly coined the term ‘incantatory fictions’. This article explores the nature, the self-understanding und the practices of these speculations, fabulations and incantations by considering the metatexts of the afore-mentioned publications and by talking to people who work at the interface between SF and futurology.
Black Trans Feminism, Marquis Bey (2021)
Authors: Kosma Marietta
Published: October 2022

Review of: Black Trans Feminism, Marquis Bey (2021)

Durham, NC: Duke University Press, 304 pp.,

ISBN 978-1-47801-781-3, h/bk, $104.95
Principios éticos para el desarrollo de la inteligencia artificial y su aplicación en los sistemas de salud
Authors: Linares Jorge
Published: October 2022

Se plantean cuatro principios fundamentales y diez principios éticos para los sistemas de inteligencia artificial (SIA) en general y su aplicación en la salud pública. Se exponen y comentan los principios de la Declaración de Montreal para el desarrollo responsable de la inteligencia artificial (2018) en que se basa esta propuesta, así como de la Recomendación sobre la ética de la inteligencia artificial de la UNESCO (2022). La pandemia del COVID-19 ha demostrado la necesidad de construir un sistema global de salud, así como de reacción coordinada ante las próximas pandemias. Los principios éticos aplicados a los SIA pueden servir para disminuir la disparidad y las fallas de los sistemas de salud. La integración de SIA en salud de distintas regiones del mundo posibilitaría una acción global más eficiente, pero si se realiza desde el marco de los principios (bio)éticos que aquí se plantean: responsabilidad, precaución, autonomía y justicia, así como el principio de preservación de las decisiones humanas. La IA puede ayudar a desplegar progresivamente un sistema global de atención a la salud de cobertura universal y remota que atienda uno de los más importantes reclamos de justicia global: el derecho humano de atención a la salud.
La epidemia de la depresión: cuando la ciencia no se revisa a sí misma
Authors: Monterde Fuertes Alberto
Published: October 2022

La depresión es una epidemia silenciosa y los Millennials y la Generación Z son generaciones deprimidas. Tras estas afirmaciones realizadas en medios de comunicación se encuentra la idea de que la depresión es una epidemia. Esta percepción ha generado tanto un rechazo social como una crítica académica a la psiquiatría. Sin embargo, argumentaré que la depresión no es una epidemia y que la siguiente hipótesis explica el fenómeno actual: las implicaciones prácticas de los problemas epistémicos presentes desde la medicalización de la depresión no han sido revisados. Para ello me apoyo en artículos epidemiológicos sobre la epidemia de depresión y la percepción del aumento de casos de depresión. Estos estudios impiden afirmar la condición epidémica de la depresión y buscan hipótesis explicativas alternativas. Estas hipótesis están relacionadas con los problemas epistémicos de la psiquiatría. Dicha relación se conformó a través de valores no epistémicos en el proceso de medicalización de la depresión. Los problemas epistémicos que implicaban los valores no epistémicos no se han corregido. Esta revisión permite proponer que el proceso de medicalización de la depresión comparte características con un proceso de farmaceuticalización y disease mongering. Estos procesos de medicalización se caracterizan por la falta de rigor epistémico.
CHITOSAN ADDUCT WITH TRANEXAMIC ACID AND ITS HAEMOSTATIC EFFECT
Authors:   Danylo HalytskyLviv National Medical University, Antonyuk Volodymyr , Panchak Lidiia , Stoika Rostyslav ,   Institute of Cell Biology, NAS Ukraine, Manko Nazar , Khomyak Semen ,   Lviv Polytechnic National University,   Ivan Franko National University of Lviv
Published: October 2022

Chitosan is a cationic polymer capable of binding acidic drugs. In addition, it has haemostatic and antimicrobial activity. Chitosan derivatives withanti-fibrinolytic properties may present increased effectiveness, especially when the added substance forms an adduct with chitosan. The aim of this work was to study the haemostatic action of the chitosan–tranexamic acid complex. Two chitosan solutions (molecularweight of 250 and 625 kDa at pH 5.7 and 6.2, and after tranexamic acid had been added to chitosan solutions) werestudied. Haemostatic evaluation was performed on white outbred mice. The time to complete cessation of bleeding from the tail was determined. Chitosan 625 kDa at pH 6.2 had the best haemostatic properties. Adding tranexamic acid to the chitosan solution reduced the bleeding time. This phenomenon was more pronounced for chitosan 625 kDa. Compared with control animals, this chitosan reduced bleeding arrest time by 30% and the chitosan–tranexamic acid adduct reduced the bleeding arrest time by 75%.
PREPARATION OF NANOCRYSTALS AND CHITIN MICROFIBRILS
Authors:   University of Bielsko-Biała, Faculty of Materials, Civil and Environmental Engineering, Biniaś Dorota , Biniaś Włodzimierz
Published: October 2022

Chitin nanocrystals and microfibrils were prepared based on the strong acid hydrolysis method. The change in the molecular structure was studied by Fourier-transform infrared and Raman spectroscopy. The surface morphology of chitin materials was observed using scanning electron and optical microscopy. The separation of nano-crystals and microfibril crystalline regions from native chitin may increase the scope of its application for the creation of bioactive composites and scaffolds for tissue culture. As a result of the conducted experimental work, it was possible to loosen the amorphous areas and partially separate nano-crystals and chitin microfibrils. Stable aqueous suspensions of chitin nano-crystals and microfibrils were obtained, which can be used for further experimental work.
USE OF CHITOSAN ADSORBENTS FOR DYE REMOVAL IN THE AIR-LIFT REACTOR
Authors:   Department of Environmental Engineering, University of Warmia and Mazury in Olsztyn, Filipkowska Urszula , Jóźwiak Tomasz
Published: October 2022

Adsorption tests in the air-lift reactor were carried out for six dyes – four anionic (RR11, RB5, RB8, and RR18) and two cationic (BV10 and BG 4) – as well as three adsorbents – chitosan flakes, chitosan in the form of beads, and modified sawdust immobilised in chitosan (adsorbent 3). The dye concentration in the inflow to the reactor in all the conducted test series was 10 mg/dm3; the amount of adsorbent was also constant at 10 g dry matter (d.m./dm3, and the flow rate was 0.1 V/h. For all tested dyes, the obtained maximum adsorption capacity was high and ranged from 3802 to 2203 mg/g d.m. for chitosan flakes, from 3312 to 2076 mg/g d.m. for chitosan beads, and from 2734 to 2148 mg/g d.m. for modified sawdust immobilised in chitosan. The immobilisation of sawdust on chitosan resulted in effective adsorption of both anionic and cationic dyes.
Algunos efectos del aislamiento social: opiniones y prácticas
Authors: Fernandez Poncela Anna Maria
Published: October 2022

Este texto presenta una revisión de los efectos psico socio emocionales del aislamiento social. Su objetivo es reflexionar entorno a esta medida tomada en la pandemia, focalizando las consecuencias psicológicas. Por una parte, desde los discursos oficiales, las miradas críticas y la investigación de salud mental. Por otra parte, se realiza un estudio sobre el tema en México donde se abordan opiniones, prácticas y los impactos cognitivos, emocionales, comportamentales y relacionales. Esto se hace a través de revisión bibliográfica y documental, así como, encuestas, cuestionarios y entrevistas, para el país y para la Ciudad de México. Como resultado se presenta la consideración entre beneficios y riesgos en general. En particular y en el caso estudiado una valoración favorable desde la población, un seguimiento relativo, un cúmulo de sentimientos desagradables, trastornos psicológicos, además de cambios de hábitos, actividades y relaciones.
Educación en tiempos del Covid-19. Análisis sociocognitivo crítico del discurso
Authors: Rojas Pacheco Adolfo Eleazar
Published: October 2022

Este artículo compendia una investigación cuyo objetivo general fue analizar la manera en que el corpus documental asociado a la estrategia «Aprende en casa» reproduce las relaciones de poder, control, desigualdad social-educacional y exclusión en sus receptores, es así como a partir de documentos jurídico-administrativos, institucionales, públicos y de libre acceso se organizaron las unidades de análisis en matrices de visualización textual de doble codificación: una abierta, cruzada y otra mediante el software NVivo v.12, para posteriormente categorizar los ejes principales de indagación y proceder a la interpretación categorial inductiva, relacionando las categorías discurso y sociedad con el conocimiento social como interfaz. Los hallazgos indican que las estructuras discursivas analizadas reproducen el poder, el control, la desigualdad y la exclusión manteniendo el statu quo, prolongando la injusticia social educacional y privilegiando a las élites simbólicas, además los emisores recurren a estrategias discursivas tales como el principio de influencia, los valores y los elogios para alcanzar los propósitos de dominación social. En cuanto al diseño de la investigación este fue cualitativo de corte documental, de tipo análisis del discurso, en perspectiva crítica desde el enfoque sociocognitivo.
percepción de la covid-19 en el ámbito universitario
Authors: Aparicio-Gómez Oscar-Yecid , Ostos Ortiz Olga Lucía , Mesa Angulo José Gabriel
Published: October 2022

La llegada de la covid-19 ha impactado a toda la población mundial. En el contexto universitario se ha presentado una situación especial; para los estudiantes, la presencialidad universitaria constituía un referente formativo complementario al de su propia familia. La interacción social y el aprendizaje, asociado a este tipo de entorno, sufrió rápidamente un transtorno marcado por el confinamiento y el aislamiento físico. Las nuevas condiciones de socialización suponen una nueva percepción y, por lo tanto, una nueva manera de ver la realidad. Esta situación, que se ha extiendido por casi tres años, ha colisionado con los estilos de aprendizaje tradicional, apelando a la autogestión y autorrregulación del proceso educativo, pero también a la resiliencia ante las afectaciones a la salud y a una redefinición de la manera de relacionarse con las demás personas, especialmente en una época de socialización asociada a la juventud universitaria.
Asociación de factores de riesgo biomecánicos y desordenes musculoesqueléticos en una población administrativa de Colombia
Authors: Vega Arévalo Nathalia , Monroy Silva Magda Viviana , Zea Forero Christian Ricardo
Published: October 2022

Los desórdenes musculoesqueléticos (DME) son una de las enfermedadeslaborales más comunes en todo el mundo y se pueden ser producidos debidoa condiciones sociodemográficas como la edad o el sexo; también porexposición al riesgo biomecánico. Elriesgo biomecánico se asocia a aquellas posturas o movimientos que generandaño tisular como posturas prolongadas, movimientos repetitivos y esfuerzofísico. Los DME afectan la salud, la productividad y el desarrollo de lasactividades diarias de los trabajadores; por otro lado, para las organizacionesse generan altos costos por incapacidades laborales y tratamientosterapéuticos. El propósito de este artículo es determinar la relación entre lasintomatología de los DME con la edad, el sexo y los factores de riesgobiomecánicos como los movimientos repetitivos, el levantamiento manual decargas y las posturas mantenidas, prolongadas e incómodas. Para eldesarrollo de la investigación se realizó un cuestionario nórdico dondeparticiparon 208 trabajadores que realizan labores de oficina en la ciudad deBogotá, Colombia. A cada trabajador se le preguntó sobre sus característicassociodemográficas, condiciones de trabajo y si presentaba dolor en lossegmentos corporales: cuello, hombros, brazos, manos y muñecas. El análisisestadístico se realizó con pruebas de regresión logística binaria usando elsoftware estadístico R Studio. Se determinó una relación estadísticamentesignificativa entre género y los DME en el cuello (p 0,005), hombro izquierdo(p 0,006) y brazo derecho (p 0,010). La edad se relacionó con lasintomatología de DME en el hombre derecho (p 0,037). Las posturasprolongadas se asociaron con DME en el cuello (p 0,003) y mano-muñecaderecha (p 0,017). Las posturas incómodas mostraron correlación con DMEen el hombro derecho (p 0,018) y con la mano-muñeca izquierda (p 0,021).En conclusión, en esta investigación los DME en la población administrativaestán determinados principalmente por el género, las mujeres fueron másafectadas que los hombres, ya que presentaron DME en el cuello, hombroizquierdo y brazo derecho. Además, la postura que demanda el trabajo influyoen la aparición de estos desordenes, gracias a que, las posturas prolongadas seasociaron con dolor en el cuello y mano-muñeca derecha y las posturasincómodas mostraron correlación con el hombro derecho y la mano-muñecaizquierda
Metodología de transferencia del conocimiento para prevenir los riesgos laborales en el sector de hidrocarburos
Authors: Florez Balvin Dayana , Ramírez Reyes María Ingrid , Losada Gutiérrez Joel
Published: October 2022

El presente artículo destaca los resultados del proyecto de investigación,cuyo objetivo es diseñar una metodología de transferencia delconocimiento que permita prevenir los riesgos laborales en el sector dehidrocarburos, y servir como carta de navegación a las empresas quequieran mejorar el desempeño del sistema de gestión en seguridad ysalud laboral. El proceso inicia con una revisión bibliográfica de laliteratura a nivel nacional e internacional, identificando las estrategias detransferencia de conocimiento orientadas hacia el control de los riesgoslaborales. Con la información extraída, y un análisis enmarcado dentrodel modelo teórico de la espiral creadora del conocimiento de IkujiroNonaka y Hirotaka Takeuchi, y del aporte de Peter Senge, en su modelode organización abierta al aprendizaje, se presenta una metodología conuna visión integradora del proceso de transferencia del conocimiento,orientada a proporcionar ambientes de trabajo seguros y saludables paralos colaboradores, unida al propósito de preservar la experiencia deltalento humano, como capital intelectual fundamental para lasorganizaciones.
Gestión del cambio en el marco de la seguridad y salud en el trabajo
Authors: Hernández Duarte Wilder Alfonso
Published: October 2022

El objetivo de la presente revisión fue determinar lineamientos a considerar en el proceso de gestión del cambio en el contexto de la gestión de la seguridad y salud en el trabajo. Se realizó una revisión de literatura en las bases de datos “Science Direct”, “SCOPUS” y “PROQUEST” para posteriormente hacer su caracterización y análisis de contenido de artículos que cumplieron con los criterios de inclusión. Se encontró escasa literatura al respecto, la mayoría de estos fueron revisiones sobre el tema y principalmente con un alcance descriptivo. En cuanto a factores internos, en la mayoría de los estudios se menciona la relevancia de indagar sobre la cultura organizacional, las condiciones de trabajo y salud y la debidanotificación mediante el programa de capacitación y entrenamiento. Sobre factores externos se identificó la importancia de revisar la legislación vigente y examinar ajustes ante la intención de aplicar sistemas de gestión. Se plantea la pertinencia de revisar aspectos ambientales y su impacto en las condiciones de trabajo y salud ante el cambio climático en el marco de la gestión del cambio.
Modelo de Optimización en Procesos Productivos, basados en la Oferta Disponible Industrial del Departamento Del Chocó
Authors: Hurtado Cuesta Jhon Neifer , Chaverra Molina Julia Marisol , Mosquera Chaverra Herman Jair , Delgado Arroyo Lubin
Published: October 2022

El proyecto se realizó con el propósito de diseñar un modelo matemático que pueda ser aplicado en el sistema productivo de la región, elcual estimó el óptimo escenario de mejor producción para las pequeñas empresas productoras del Chocó, el cual se basó en observar elfuncionamiento real del proceso de producción de los diferentes productos con el fin de recolectar información relevante, posteriormentese procesó y analizó con los diferentes programas computacionalesexistentes, donde se diseñó y ejecutó una macros automatizada desdeExcel para determinar el modelo apropiado y finalmente, determinarlos cambios para la mejora en el proceso de producción que contribuyaa maximizar sus beneficios económicos obtenidos de su actividad productiva.
Exploring Employment Intentions of College Students in Small and Medium-sized Cities against the Backdrop of High-Quality Economic Development: Taking Huai’an City as an Example
Authors: Xu Yinyin , Zhuang Tengteng
Published: October 2022

Against the backdrop of high-quality development of the national economy, the development of each city is also facing transformation and upgrading. Cities need high-quality development, and high-quality talents are the key. The problem of attracting high-quality talents in domestic small and medium-sized cities in high-quality development needs to be solved urgently. This paper takes Huai’an, a third-tier city in China, as an example, to understand the intentions and confusions of college students when they seek employment. The qualitative approach of semi-structured interviews is employed. The study finds that in small and medium-sized cities, factors hindering college students from staying in local cities for employment include that the intensity of the government in publicizing high-quality development has not reached to most college students, the guide courses in colleges and universities meet difficulties in the process of delivery, and college students' own career planning are not guided well. In response to the above problems, this paper puts forward suggestions such as strengthening the positive interaction between schools and college students, enhancing the publicity of high-quality urban development among college students, and closely integrating college students’ career guidance courses with local development. Quality development attracts more high-quality talents.
From Conquerors to Enchanters: Ways of Apprehending Reality Through Novelistic Creation
Authors: Botnari Larisa
Published: October 2022

Creators of new worlds through their novels, André Malraux and Romain Gary equally reject the real universe – considered as odious, tragic, absurd – as well as any purely mimetic link between this universe and literary creation. But the two novelists translate this opposition into completely different registers. If Malraux’s writing seems to express the desire for a direct confrontation and defiance, Gary’s work is rather characterized by a mocking, disdainful attitude towards reality, which the writer intends to conquer mainly by humor. Our article aims to show that Gary’s literary response, far from being an escape, represents a rebellion that is just as powerful (and, in certain aspects, more relevant for our times) than the commitment and the fight explicitly assumed by Malrucian writing.
André Malraux at the Heart of Romain Gary’s Imaginary Museum
Authors: Barkate Jonathan
Published: October 2022

Malraux is in the center of Gary’s imaginary museum. His name and thought are regularly quoted in Gary’s work. When the author of Pour Sganarelle, La Promesse de l’aube and La Danse de Gengis Cohn refers to the metamorphosis and the museum without walls – two concepts Malraux invented –, he uses Malraux’s image and writings to reveal how himself sees the world and the artist’s role. To analyse those quotes leads to reading Gary’s work through the lens of Malraux’s. It also shows how Gary portrays himself as a « conqueror of the impossible » while making his model embody his own aesthetic and ethical aspirations. His selfportrait as a jumping jack makes Gary follow the path of his friend, who elevated Man by softening his condition.
When Art Becomes a Rectification of Humankind: Gary and Malraux, A Same Aesthetic Humanism?
Authors: Mourlan Lou
Published: October 2022

When we question the humanism of Gary or Malraux, we see the question of art arise on all sides. Aesthetics and ethics indeed seem intrinsically linked, firstly because, for them, art is a way of denying the inhuman, whether it be the absurdity of our condition or the crushing weight of History. At a time when the Second World War brought human barbarism to the forefront, what the artist gave us in his works was a finally acceptable image of humankind. Art, according to them, is, at the same time, a consolation and a shelter for humanist ideals, and an ethical gesture in itself. We will try here to confront in Gary’s and Malraux’s books the connections between art and humanism, and to question the existence in these two authors - while preserving the specificities of each - of what one could call an aesthetic humanism.
PLATAGAM: a videogame structured as a didactical material for divulgation of some of the benefits of the Gamma Radiation produced in the Cobalt-60 Multipurpose Irradiator at IPEN’s facilities
Authors: Paladino Patricia Andrea , Biaty Flavia Paladino , Julião Arthur Pires , Sabundjian Gaianê
Published: October 2022

This paper aimed at the conception and implementation of a platform videogame designed to make known some of the benefits of the use of Gamma Radiation produced in the Cobalt-60 Multipurpose Irradiator, built with Brazilian technology at IPEN’s facilities. Unity 3D game engine and some other free softwares for image edition were used. Four missions await the player, illustrating the following benefits of gamma radiation irradiation:  on foods and beverages to retard deterioration and interrupt microorganisms proliferation; on tilapias (a kind of fish), which skins are used in bandages for burns; on surgical materials as a sterilization procedure; and, finally, on museum items, for eradication of plagues on the collection.  The authors hope that the offering of this didactic material will aid some effective Science Learning, mainly in Nuclear Technology.