bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Mortality Associated with High Ambient Temperatures, Heatwaves, and the Urban Heat Island in Athens, Greece
Authors: Paravantis John , Santamouris Mat , Cartalis Constantinos , Efthymiou Chrysanthi , Kontoulis Nikoletta
Published: April 2017

Abstract: Climate change looms as the biggest threat of the 21st century, and its effect on urban mortality is exacerbated by urban heat islands. This study analyzes the impact of high temperatures, heatwaves, and the urban heat island on the cardiovascular and respiratory mortality of people over 65 years of age for the years 2002 to 2012. The area of application is Athens, Greece, an urban agglomeration experiencing an urban heat island of high intensity. The correlation of the daily cardiovascular and respiratory mortality count of people over 65 years of age with various temperature measures confirmed a U-shaped exposure response curve, with fewer deaths in the range of moderate temperatures. At high and very high temperatures, this mortality increased by 20 to 35% correspondingly, at a 99.9% significance level. Mortality was further investigated with ordinary least squares, Poisson, and negative binomial times series models, which, although suffering from poor fit, showed a one-day lag for the maximum temperature effect on mortality. Finally, cluster analysis for observations confined to May to September, confirmed by multiple discriminant analysis, showed the existence of six clusters, with the highest excess mortality count of 23% for the cluster that included the hottest days and 20.6% for the heatwave cluster. To this end, it is recommended that policies target high ambient temperatures and heatwaves as a priority.
Ear Detection under Uncontrolled Conditions with Multiple Scale Faster Region-Based Convolutional Neural Networks
Authors: Zhang Yi , Mu Zhichun
Published: April 2017

Ear detection is an important step in ear recognition approaches. Most existing ear detection techniques are based on manually designing features or shallow learning algorithms. However, researchers found that the pose variation, occlusion, and imaging conditions provide a great challenge to the traditional ear detection methods under uncontrolled conditions. This paper proposes an efficient technique involving Multiple Scale Faster Region-based Convolutional Neural Networks (Faster R-CNN) to detect ears from 2D profile images in natural images automatically. Firstly, three regions of different scales are detected to infer the information about the ear location context within the image. Then an ear region filtering approach is proposed to extract the correct ear region and eliminate the false positives automatically. In an experiment with a test set of 200 web images (with variable photographic conditions), 98% of ears were accurately detected. Experiments were likewise conducted on the Collection J2 of University of Notre Dame Biometrics Database (UND-J2) and University of Beira Interior Ear dataset (UBEAR), which contain large occlusion, scale, and pose variations. Detection rates of 100% and 98.22%, respectively, demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed approach.
Sequence Polymorphism and Intrinsic Structural Disorder as Related to Pathobiological Performance of the Helicobacter pylori CagA Oncoprotein
Authors: Nishikawa Hiroko , Hatakeyama Masanori
Published: April 2017

CagA, an oncogenic virulence factor produced by Helicobacter pylori, is causally associated with the development of gastrointestinal diseases such as chronic gastritis, peptic ulcers, and gastric cancer. Upon delivery into gastric epithelial cells via bacterial type IV secretion, CagA interacts with a number of host proteins through the intrinsically disordered C-terminal tail, which contains two repeatable protein-binding motifs, the Glu-Pro-Ile-Tyr-Ala (EPIYA) motif and the CagA multimerization (CM) motif. The EPIYA motif, upon phosphorylation by host kinases, binds and deregulates Src homology 2 domain-containing protein tyrosine phosphatase 2 (SHP2), a bona fide oncoprotein, inducing pro-oncogenic mitogenic signaling and abnormal cell morphology. Through the CM motif, CagA inhibits the kinase activity of polarity regulator partitioning-defective 1b (PAR1b), causing junctional and polarity defects while inducing actin cytoskeletal rearrangements. The magnitude of the pathobiological action of individual CagA has been linked to the tandem repeat polymorphisms of these two binding motifs, yet the molecular mechanisms by which they affect disease outcome remain unclear. Recent studies using quantitative techniques have provided new insights into how the sequence polymorphisms in the structurally disordered C-terminal region determine the degree of pro-oncogenic action of CagA in the gastric epithelium.
Suppression of Hepatic Epithelial-to-Mesenchymal Transition by Melittin via Blocking of TGFβ/Smad and MAPK-JNK Signaling Pathways
Authors: Park Ji-Hyun , Park Byoungduck , Park Kwan-Kyu
Published: April 2017

Transforming growth factor (TGF)-β1 plays a crucial role in the epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EMT) in hepatocytes and hepatic stellate cells (HSC), which contributes to the pathogenesis of liver fibrosis. Melittin (MEL) is a major component of bee venom and is effective in rheumatoid arthritis, pain relief, cancer cell proliferation, fibrosis and immune modulating activity. In this study, we found that MEL inhibits hepatic EMT in vitro and in vivo, regulating the TGFβ/Smad and TGFβ/nonSmad signaling pathways. MEL significantly inhibited TGF-β1-induced expression of EMT markers (E-cadherin reduction and vimentin induction) in vitro. These results were confirmed in CCl4-induced liver in vivo. Treatment with MEL almost completely blocked the phosphorylation of Smad2/3, translocation of Smad4 and phosphorylation of JNK in vitro and in vivo. Taken together, these results suggest that MEL suppresses EMT by inhibiting the TGFβ/Smad and TGFβ/nonSmad-c-Jun N-terminal kinase (JNK)/Mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) signaling pathways. These results indicated that MEL possesses potent anti-fibrotic and anti-EMT properties, which may be responsible for its effects on liver diseases.
Structure of Ty1 Internally Initiated RNA Influences Restriction Factor Expression
Authors: Błaszczyk Leszek , Biesiada Marcin , Saha Agniva , Garfinkel David , Purzycka Katarzyna
Published: April 2017

The long-terminal repeat retrotransposon Ty1 is the most abundant mobile genetic element in many Saccharomyces cerevisiae isolates. Ty1 retrotransposons contribute to the genetic diversity of host cells, but they can also act as an insertional mutagen and cause genetic instability. Interestingly, retrotransposition occurs at a low level despite a high level of Ty1 RNA, even though S. cerevisiae lacks the intrinsic defense mechanisms that other eukaryotes use to prevent transposon movement. p22 is a recently discovered Ty1 protein that inhibits retrotransposition in a dose-dependent manner. p22 is a truncated form of Gag encoded by internally initiated Ty1i RNA that contains two closely-spaced AUG codons. Mutations of either AUG codon compromise p22 translation. We found that both AUG codons were utilized and that translation efficiency depended on the Ty1i RNA structure. Structural features that stimulated p22 translation were context dependent and present only in Ty1i RNA. Destabilization of the 5′ untranslated region (5′ UTR) of Ty1i RNA decreased the p22 level, both in vitro and in vivo. Our data suggest that protein factors such as Gag could contribute to the stability and translational activity of Ty1i RNA through specific interactions with structural motifs in the RNA.
Study on the Formation and Initial Transport for Non-Homogeneous Debris Flow
Authors: Shu An , Wang Le , Zhang Xin , Ou Guo , Wang Shu
Published: April 2017

Non-homogeneous debris flows generally occur during the rainy seasons in Southwest China, and have received considerable attention in the literature. Regarding the complexity in debris flow dynamics, experimental approaches have proven to be effective in revealing the formative mechanism for debris flow, and quantifying the relations between the various influencing factors with debris-flow formation and subsequent transport processes. Therefore, a flume-based and experimental study was performed at the Debris Flow Observation and Research Station of Jiangjia Gully in Yunnan Province, to theoretically analyze favorable conditions for debris-flow formation and initial transport by selecting the median particle size d50, flow rate Q, vertical grading coefficient ψ, slopes S, and the initial soil water contents W as the five variables for investigation. To achieve this, an optimal combination of these variables was made through an orthogonal experimental design to determine their relative importance upon the occurrence and initial mobilization behavior of a debris flow and to further enhance our insight into debris-flow triggering and transport mechanisms.
Evaluation of Clogging during Sand-Filtered Surface Water Injection for Aquifer Storage and Recovery (ASR): Pilot Experiment in the Llobregat Delta (Barcelona, Spain)
Authors: Camprovin Pere , Hernández Marta , Fernández Sonia , Martín-Alonso Jordi , Galofré Belén , Mesa José
Published: April 2017

The aquifer storage and recovery system of Sant Joan Despí (SJD) in the Llobregat Basin (Barcelona, Spain) has been injecting potable water since its construction in 1969. In order to increase the environmental and economic sustainability of the process, the substitution of potable water by sand-filtered surface water (SFSW) has been considered. This study aims at assessing the clogging potential of SFSW by reproducing the aquifer storage and recovery (ASR) system in a column-type pilot system. Developed clogging of a metallic screen simulating a well screen in the ASR was observed by direct visualization and by scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and was measured by the pilot column head loss and by the analysis of extracellular polymeric substances formed. The results show that although there is a detectable clogging formation, the experiment could run with no flow limitation, suggesting that SFSW could be a feasible candidate water for aquifer injection in a real well demonstration phase.
Spatiotemporal Distribution of Droughts in the Xijiang River Basin, China and Its Responses to Global Climatic Events
Authors: Qiu Jizhong , Wang Yunpeng , Xiao Jie
Published: April 2017

The Xijiang River is a main branch of the Pearl River, the largest river in South China. Droughts in this area have seriously influenced local water resource utilization, and socio-economic development. The spatiotemporal distribution of droughts and its responses to global climatic events are of critical significance for the assessment and early warning of drought disasters. In this paper, the spatiotemporal patterns of droughts characterized by Rotated Empirical Orthogonal Function/Rotated Principal Components (REOF/RPC) in the Xijiang River Basin, China were evaluated using the Self-calibrated Palmer Drought Severity Index (Sc-PDSI). The drought responses to El Niño/Southern Oscillation (ENSO), Pacific Decadal Oscillation (PDO), India Ocean Dipole (IOD), and North Atlantic Oscillation (NAO) were analysed by Pearson correlation and multiple stepwise regression. The results showed that one year earlier NAO was the dominant factor impacting the droughts in the Xijiang Basin. Its contribution for the RPC2s of the annual, the first and second half years, winter, summer, autumn, and February were −0.556, −0.419, 0.597, −0.447, 0.542, 0.600, and −0.327, respectively. Besides the two adjacent Pacific and India oceans, the droughts seem be influenced by distant Atlantic climatic events. These results offer new reference insights into the early warning of droughts as well as the planning and management of water resources in the study area.
Experimental Investigation on Air-Water Interaction in a Hydropower Station Combining a Diversion Tunnel with a Tailrace Tunnel
Authors: Zhang Wen , Cai Fulin , Zhou Jianxu , Hua Yulong
Published: April 2017

Diversion tunnels are often used as tailrace tunnels in underground hydropower stations. The special layout results in complex flow regimes, including air-water two-phase flow. A set of experiments is conducted based on the model of a hydropower station which combines partial diversion tunnels with tailrace tunnels to investigate the interactions between the air and water phases in the combined diversion tunnels. Interactions between the air and water phases observed in the combined diversion tunnel significantly alter flow dynamics, and are classified into four types according to the initial tail water level. There is a range of initial tail water levels in which the interaction between the air and water phases cannot be neglected, and the range becomes greater when the change in flow rate increases. Such interactions may cause a pressure surge and the pressure surge reaches the maximum when the initial tail water level is approximately equal to the crown of the tunnel. The surge pressures do harm to the safety and stability of hydropower stations, so the condition should be considered and controlled.
Toponimia española de los países de habla inglesa. Bibliografía comentada
Authors: González Felix Rodríguez
Published: April 2017

À partir du XVIe siècle, la conquête espagnole du Nouveau Monde commence à laisser son empreinte toponymique aux États-Unis et dans des pays tels que le Canada, les îles Caraïbes (Trinidad, Jamaïque, etc.), îles Malouines (ou Falkland Islands). Cette bibliographie essaie de recueillir tous les travaux toponymiques concernant l'influence de l'espagnol dans les pays de langue anglaise.
Antroponimia en la edad moderna. El nombre de pila del varón
Authors: Carretero Melo Antonio
Published: April 2017

Nous étudions les noms de baptême masculins utilisés pendant l'Epoque Moderne à Fuente del Maestre, ville située en Extremadure, département de Badajoz, en Espagne. Nous faisons une étude quantitative et qualitative : d'une part nous analysons quels prénoms s'utilisent dans les Livres de Baptêmes et, d'autre part, avec la reconstruction des familles, les prénoms selon le lieu de naissance et les influences, familiales ou non, dans la nomination.
Un derivado romance y vasco de IE *reik-. Historia y semántica
Authors: Santano Moreno Julián
Published: April 2017

L 'article porte sur un dérivé qu 'on peut trouver dans une aire géographique très précise : Nord de l'Italie, Sud de la France et Nord de l'Espagne. On a cherché à dresser tout d'abord un tableau historique et moderne des dérivés dans tous les domaines linguistiques concernés, ensuite on a proposé une base étymologique — IE *reik-"déchirer, briser, casser, fendre " — et on a étudié son développement sémantique.
Illescas y Egelesta, posible reencuentro de las formas de un mismo toponimo celtibérico
Authors: García Sánchez Jairo Javier
Published: April 2017

Dans le nord de la province de Tolède , sur la route de Madrid, se trouve la petite ville de Illescas, dont le nom n'a pas encore reçu une explication étymologique convaincante. Nous allons essayer ici d'éclairer ce toponyme, en nous appuyant sur une nouvelle hypothèse, que nous estimons probable : il s 'agit de l 'identification de Illescas à Egelesta, une antique ville celtibérique, mentionnée par Ptolémée. La coïncidence géographique, le témoignage de l 'archéologie, mais surtout la documentation médiévale et la correspondance linguistique seront nos principaux arguments.
IE *ter-"frotar" en las lenguas romances
Authors: Santano Moreno Julián
Published: April 2017

La racine indoeuropéenne *ter-"frotter avec le suffixe guttural k, a été transmise aux langues romanes. On étudie ses dérivés, sa géographie et sa sémantique. L'article cherche à établir un nouveau modèle d'analyse des mots provenants du substrat indoeuropéen.
Human Amnion Epithelial Cells Protect against White Matter Brain Injury after Repeated Endotoxin Exposure in the Preterm Ovine Fetus
Authors: Yawno Tamara , Sabaretnam Tharani , Li Jingang , Mcdonald Courtney , Lim Rebecca , Jenkin Graham , Wallace Euan M. , Miller Suzanne L.
Published: April 2017

Intrauterine inflammation is a significant cause of injury to the developing fetal brain. Using a preterm fetal sheep model of in utero infection, we asked whether human amnion epithelial cells (hAECs) were able to reduce inflammation-induced fetal brain injury. Surgery was undertaken on pregnant sheep at ~105 days gestation (term is 147 days) for implantation of vascular catheters. Lipopolysaccharide (LPS; 150 ng/kg bolus) or saline was administered IV at 109, 110, and 111 days. Sixty million fluorescent-labeled hAECs were administered at 110, 111, and 112 days gestation via the brachial artery catheter. Brains were collected at 114 days for histological assessment. hAECs were observed within the cortex, white matter, and hippocampus. Compared to control lambs, LPS administration was associated with significant and widespread fetal brain inflammation and injury as evidenced by increased number of activated microglia in the periventricular white matter ( p = 0.02), increased pyknosis, cell degeneration ( p = 0.01), and a nonsignificant trend of fewer oligodendrocytes in the subcortical and periventricular white matter. Administration of hAECs to LPS-treated animals was associated with a significant mitigation in both inflammation and injury as evidenced by fewer activated microglia ( p = 0.03) and pyknotic cells ( p = 0.03), significantly more oligodendrocytes in the subcortical and periventricular white matter ( p = 0.01 and 0.02, respectively), and more myelin basic protein-positive cells within the periventricular white matter ( p = 0.02). hAEC administration to fetal sheep exposed to multiple doses of LPS dampens the resultant fetal inflammatory response and mitigates associated brain injury.
Regulator of Cell Cycle (RGCC) Expression during the Progression of Alzheimer's Disease
Authors: Counts Scott E. , Mufson Elliott J.
Published: April 2017

Unscheduled cell cycle reentry of postmitotic neurons has been described in cases of mild cognitive impairment (MCI) and Alzheimer's disease (AD) and may form a basis for selective neuronal vulnerability during disease progression. In this regard, the multifunctional protein regulator of cell cycle (RGCC) has been implicated in driving G1/S and G2/M phase transitions through its interactions with cdc/cyclin-dependent kinase 1 (cdk1) and is induced by p53, which mediates apoptosis in neurons. We tested whether RGCC levels were dysregulated in frontal cortex samples obtained postmortem from subjects who died with a clinical diagnosis of no cognitive impairment (NCI), MCI, or AD. RGCC mRNA and protein levels were upregulated by ~50%-60% in MCI and AD compared to NCI, and RGCC protein levels were associated with poorer antemortem global cognitive performance in the subjects examined. To test whether RGCC might regulate neuronal cell cycle reentry and apoptosis, we differentiated neuronotypic PC12 cultures with nerve growth factor (NGF) followed by NGF withdrawal to induce abortive cell cycle activation and cell death. Experimental reduction of RGCC levels increased cell survival and reduced levels of the cdk1 target cyclin B1. RGCC may be a candidate cell cycle target for neuroprotection during the onset of AD.
Exploring Learning Outcomes of Domestic Travel Experiences Through Mothers' Voices
Authors: Stone Matthew J. , Petrick James F.
Published: April 2017

Study abroad and long-term international travel have been shown to result in learning of "generic skills," like decision making and patience. However, examination of the benefits of domestic travel is scarce. In this exploratory study, women with children were asked to reflect on domestic
travel experiences. They all felt that travel was educational, but they had not often reflected on this experiential learning. Learning outcomes from domestic travel included content knowledge, practical knowledge, interpersonal skills, and personal growth, which were similar outcomes as international
travel. Many felt their children learned through domestic family travel experiences and that travel is an important supplement to classroom education. Reflection on the learning outcomes of travel helped individuals to realize that their personal travel had been educative, supporting the applicability
of Kolb's experiential learning model to travel. It is recommended that travel providers and educators encourage travelers to reflect on what they learned while traveling. A process model is presented that travel may lead to learning and that this learning may encourage travel.
Tourists' Psychological Connection to Pop Culture Tourism: A Perspective of Psychological Continuum Model
Authors: Lee Seojin , Lee Woojin , Jeon Hyeong-Yeon
Published: April 2017

This study analyzes tourists' psychological connection to pop culture tourism. Based on the psychological continuum model (PCM), the article identifies three different tourist groups in terms of awareness, attraction/attachment and allegiance, and employs statistical analysis of tourist
experiences, based on a survey of Chinese tourists who visited South Korea. The major findings suggest that tourist experiences vary significantly, depending on the tourists' levels of psychological connection to pop culture. Specifically, three segments have different characteristics, and
tourists behave differently regarding these characteristics: reasons for travel, media uses for Korean pop culture, tourists' value fulfillment (utilitarian and hedonic value), and commitment to a destination (attitude and loyalty). The results provide a clear empirical foundation that the
concept of "psychological involvement" in leisure is relevant to tourists' participation in pop culture tourism. One important practical implication from this study for strategic marketing is that in predicting tourist behaviors one should recognize the subgroups of visitors according to psychological
segmentation connected to pop culture.
Managing Tourism Firms in South Africa for Competitiveness: An Innovation Perspective
Authors: Booyens Irma , Rogerson Christian M.
Published: April 2017

Innovation is regarded as significant for the competitiveness of tourism firms. Yet, innovation in services, and also tourism, remain underresearched, especially in the context of the global South. This article draws on a cross-sectoral, firm-level survey of tourism innovation in the
Western Cape region of South Africa, which determined that innovation by tourism firms is widespread, albeit predominantly incremental in character. This article interrogates the relationships between innovation and firm survival, as a proxy for competitiveness, and considers firm size as
a key determinant of tourism innovation. In addition, the motivators and drivers of tourism innovation are analyzed. The Western Cape investigation reveals that innovation is part of a deliberate strategy for competitiveness by dynamic tourism firms. Further motivations comprise enhancing
efficiency and productivity, ensuring survival, and behaving ethically.
Sensitivity of street network capacity under the rain impact: case study of Belgrade
Authors: Ivanović Ivan , Jović Jadranka
Published: April 2017

It is generally know that adverse weather conditions cause changes in urban transportation system. Research of weather impact on the urban transportation system was additionally intensified by actualisation of climate changes problem. In urban area, precipitation may reduce the efficiency of transportation systems, since it often results in larger travel times and higher congestion levels in street networks. Therefore, it is important to examine the impact of precipitation on the urban street capacity. In accordance with climate characteristics of research area, the focus of this paper was on the rain impact. Impact of rain was analysed only in the context of transport supply, and not of transport demand. Sensitivity of the street network capacity was chosen to represent transportation system supply. It was analysed through the changes in saturation flow rate under the rain. Results of the research have shown significant sensitivity of street network capacity on the rain impact. Moreover, the rain impact was quantified by the capacity sensitivity coefficients, which were implemented in procedure of capacity calculation.
Using accessibility measures in transit network design
Authors: Gulhan Gorkem , Ceylan Huseyin , Ceylan Halim
Published: April 2017

Transit planning scenarios may lead to the different Objective Function (OF) values since each scenario has different transit travel times, frequencies and fleet sizes. Change on those variables leads to the different accessibility values for each route set. Therefore, the actual performance of a route set may be unforeseen since the accessibility values are out of evaluation criteria. This study tries to generate techniques, which handle the relation between accessibility and transportation in the scope of public transit. The accessibility measures, which have direct relation with land use and transportation, are utilized in transit route set decision. Accessibility measures have been utilized in the decision-making process of transit network design. Conventional OFs, which are used to determine the most effective route sets are combined with accessibility based OFs and the decision-making process of transit network design is strengthened. In this context, the effects of accessibility measures in decision-making process of transit network design have been represented on an 8-node example transit network. The results showed the accessibility measures could effectively improve the planners’ decision accuracy.
Accurate Recovery of H i Velocity Dispersion from Radio Interferometers
Authors: Ianjamasimanana R. , Blok W. J. G. de , Heald George H.
Published: April 2017

Gas velocity dispersion measures the amount of disordered motion of a rotating disk. Accurate estimates of this parameter are of the utmost importance because the parameter is directly linked to disk stability and star formation. A global measure of the gas velocity dispersion can be inferred from the width of the atomic hydrogen (H i) 21 cm line. We explore how several systematic effects involved in the production of H i cubes affect the estimate of H i velocity dispersion. We do so by comparing the H i velocity dispersion derived from different types of data cubes provided by The H i Nearby Galaxy Survey. We find that residual-scaled cubes best recover the H i velocity dispersion, independent of the weighting scheme used and for a large range of signal-to-noise ratio. For H i observations, where the dirty beam is substantially different from a Gaussian, the velocity dispersion values are overestimated unless the cubes are cleaned close to (e.g., ∼1.5 times) the noise level.
Observations of Binary Stars with the Differential Speckle Survey Instrument. VII. Measures from 2010 September to 2012 February at the WIYN Telescope
Authors: Horch Elliott P. , Casetti-Dinescu Dana I. , Camarata Matthew A. , Bidarian Akbar , Altena William F. van , Sherry William H. , Everett Mark E. , Howell Steve B. , Ciardi David R. , Henry Todd J. , Nusdeo Daniel A. , Winters Jennifer G.
Published: April 2017

We report on speckle observations of binary stars carried out at the WIYN Telescope over the period from 2010 September through 2012 February, providing relative astrometry for 2521 observations of 883 objects, 856 of which are double stars and 27 of which are triples. The separations measured span a range of 0.01–1.75 arcsec. Wavelengths of 562, 692, and 880 nm were used, and differential photometry at one or more of these wavelengths is presented in most cases. 66 components were resolved for the first time. We also estimate detection limits at 0.2 and 1.0 arcsec for high-quality observations in cases where no companion was seen, a total of 176 additional objects. Detection limits vary based on observing conditions and signal-to-noise ratio, but are approximately 4 mag at 0.2 arcsec and 6 mag at 1.0 arcsec on average. Analyzing the measurement precision of the data set, we find that the individual separations obtained have linear measurement uncertainties of approximately 2 mas, and photometry is uncertain to approximately 0.1 mag in general. This work provides fundamental, well-calibrated data for future orbit and mass determinations, and we present three first orbits and total mass estimates of nearby K-dwarf systems as examples of this potential.
Radiative Grain Alignment in Protoplanetary Disks: Implications for Polarimetric Observations
Authors: Tazaki Ryo , Lazarian Alexandre , Nomura Hideko
Published: April 2017

We apply the theory of radiative torque (RAT) alignment for studying protoplanetary disks around a T-Tauri star and perform 3D radiative transfer calculations to provide the expected maps of polarized radiation to be compared with observations, such as with ALMA. We revisit the issue of grain alignment for large grains expected in the protoplanetary disks and find that mm-sized grains at the midplane do not align with the magnetic field since the Larmor precession timescale for such large grains becomes longer than the gaseous damping timescale. Hence, for these grains the RAT theory predicts that the alignment axis is determined by the grain precession with respect to the radiative flux. As a result, we expect that the polarization will be in the azimuthal direction for a face-on disk. It is also shown that if dust grains have superparamagnetic inclusions, magnetic field alignment is possible for (sub-)micron grains at the surface layer of disks, and this can be tested by mid-infrared polarimetric observations.
The SCUBA-2 Cosmology Legacy Survey: Multi-wavelength Properties of ALMA-identified Submillimeter Galaxies in UKIDSS UDS
Authors: Simpson J. M. , Smail Ian , Swinbank A. M. , Ivison R. J. , Dunlop J. S. , Geach J. E. , Almaini O. , Arumugam V. , Bremer M. N. , Chen Chian-Chou , Conselice C. , Coppin K. E. K. , Farrah D. , Ibar E. , Hartley W. G. , Ma C. J. , Michałowski M. J. , Scott D. , Spaans M. , Thomson A. P. , Werf P. P. van der
Published: April 2017

We present a multi-wavelength analysis of 52 submillimeter galaxies (SMGs), identified using ALMA 870 μm continuum imaging in a pilot program to precisely locate bright SCUBA-2-selected submillimeter sources in the UKIDSS Ultra Deep Survey (UDS) field. Using the available deep (especially near-infrared) panoramic imaging of the UDS field at optical-to-radio wavelengths we characterize key properties of the SMG population. The median photometric redshift of the bright ALMA/SCUBA-2 UDS (AS2UDS) SMGs that are detected in a sufficient number of wavebands to derive a robust photometric redshift is z = 2.65 ± 0.13. However, similar to previous studies, 27% of the SMGs are too faint at optical-to-near-infrared wavelengths to derive a reliable photometric redshift. Assuming that these SMGs lie at z ≳ 3 raises the median redshift of the full sample to z = 2.9 ± 0.2. A subset of 23 unlensed, bright AS2UDS SMGs have sizes measured from resolved imaging of their rest-frame far-infrared emission. We show that the extent and luminosity of the far-infrared emission are consistent with the dust emission arising from regions that are, on average, optically thick at a wavelength of

(1σ dispersion of 55–90 μm). Using the dust masses derived from our optically thick spectral energy distribution models, we determine that these galaxies have a median hydrogen column density of N
H = 9.8

 × 1023 cm−2, or a corresponding median V-band obscuration of A
v = 540

mag, averaged along the line of sight to the source of their rest-frame ∼200 μm emission. We discuss the implications of this extreme attenuation by dust for the multi-wavelength study of dusty starbursts and reddening-sensitive tracers of star formation.
Radiation Hydrodynamic Simulations of Dust-driven Winds
Authors: Zhang Dong , Davis Shane W.
Published: April 2017

We study dusty winds driven by radiation pressure in the atmosphere of a rapidly star-forming environment. We apply the variable Eddington tensor algorithm to re-examine the two-dimensional radiation hydrodynamic problem of a column of gas that is accelerated by a constant infrared radiation flux. In the absence of gravity, the system is primarily characterized by the initial optical depth of the gas. We perform several runs with different initial optical depths and resolutions. We find that the gas spreads out along the vertical direction, as its mean velocity and velocity dispersion increase. In contrast to previous work using the flux-limited diffusion algorithm, we find little evolution in the trapping factor. The momentum coupling between radiation and gas in the absence of gravity is similar to that with gravity. For Eddington ratio increasing with the height in the system, the momentum transfer from the radiation to the gas is not merely

, but amplified by a factor of

, where

is the integrated infrared optical depth through the system, and

, decreasing with the optical depth. We apply our results to the atmosphere of galaxies and conclude that radiation pressure may be an important mechanism for driving winds in the most rapidly star-forming galaxies and starbursts.
Accurate Orbital Solution for the New and Metal-poor Eclipsing Binary Tycho 5227-1023-1
Authors: Traven G. , Munari U. , Dallaporta S. , Zwitter T.
Published: April 2017

The orbit and physical parameters of the previously unsolved double-lined eclipsing binary Tyc 5227-1023-1, discovered during the search for RR Lyr variable candidate members of the Aquarius stream, are derived using high-resolution échelle spectroscopy and

photometry. A synthetic spectral analysis of both components has been performed, yielding metallicity [M/H] = −0.63 ± 0.11 for both stars and a temperature for the secondary that is in close agreement with the one from the orbital solution, while the temperature of the primary is determined from photometry (

). The masses and radii (

) reveal that both stars have already slightly evolved away from the main-sequence band, having an age of about 7 Gyr, and the results of the synthetic spectral analysis support the claim of corotation with the orbital motion. The radial velocity of the system is

, while its distance, computed from orbital parameters and the derived reddening

, is 496 ± 35 pc. Even though Tyc 5227-1023-1 was initially treated as a possible member of the Aquarius stream, the results presented here disagree with reported values for this ancient structure and suggest a likely membership of the thick disk.
Visfatin versus Flow-Mediated Dilatation as a Marker of Endothelial Dysfunction in Pediatric Renal Transplant Recipients
Authors: Fadel Fatina , Bazraa Hafez M. , Abdelrahman Safaa M. , Shouman Mohamed Gamal , Sayed Marwa Khaled , Salah Doaa Mohamed , Wahby Aliaa Ahmed , Elgebaly Heba F.
Published: April 2017

BACKGROUND: Renal transplantation (RTx) is the treatment of choice for paediatric end-stage renal disease (ESRD). A major cause of morbidity and mortality after RTx is cardiovascular disease. Independent predictors of cardiovascular events were shown to constitute an endothelial dysfunction (ED). This study aims to evaluate Visfatin serum level in comparison to brachial artery flow-mediated dilatation (FMD) as a marker of endothelial dysfunction in paediatric RTx recipients.METHODS: Visfatin serum level has been evaluated in 30 patients on regular hemodialysis (HD), 36 patients post-RTx and 30 controls as a measure for ED, and has been compared to brachial artery FMD.RESULTS: Visfatin level in transplant recipients was significantly lower than the hemodialysis group as well as FMD was better in transplant recipients. In spite of marked improvement of FMD and marked reduction of visfatin in post-RTx no direct statistical correlation was found between serum Visfatin level and flow-mediated dilatation.CONCLUSION: Pediatric RTx recipients show lower serum Visfatin level and better FMD than those on regular hemodialysis, reflecting less endothelial dysfunction (ED) and less cardiovascular risk. FMD in kidney transplant recipients tends to be less than normal subjects while visfatin level of the same group is similar to controls. Pediatric RTx appears to have a positive impact on the growth development of children with ESRD.
De quoi l’homosexualité masculine est-elle le nom chez Freud ?
Authors: Le Corre Lionel
Published: April 2017

Freud problématise dès l’origine l’homosexualité masculine à partir de son rejet social. Or, notre travail soutient qu’il existe une définition sophistiquée et élargie de l’homosexualité masculine chez Freud qui participe à (et de) l’autonomie du champ. Cette définition est corrélée à l’élargissement progressif de la définition du sexuel. Elle est aussi l’effet de rectifications subjectives constantes de la part du psychanalyste. Elle invite à reconsidérer les effets du transfert de Freud à Fliess.
Homo et Hétéro chez Lacan
Authors: Quinet Antonio
Published: April 2017

Homosexualité et hétérosexualité ne sont pas des concepts de la psychanalyse, qui est loin d’être hétéronormative. L’enseignement de Lacan nous fournit deux concepts nouveaux pour les remplacer : homosexualité, amour pour le même, horsexe, qui correspondrait au caractère de homo sexualis de l’être parlant ; et hétérité, l’amour sexuel qui aime le différent. Ce texte examine, à partir des formules de la sexuation, la différence sexuelle des parlêtres.
Trans, dys, switch : le sexe en abîme
Authors: Delcourt Thierry
Published: April 2017

Les repères de l’identité sexuelle et de la sexualité sont bouleversés dans une société en pleine mutation. Comment se repérer et accompagner les personnes trans , particulièrement quand il s’agit d’adolescents et d’adultes jeunes ? Comment ne pas compromettre des positions éthiques dans nos pratiques tout en les actualisant ? Une analyse des données récentes de la science est tout aussi importante que de maintenir une intelligence critique et analytique des situations. Il en est de même avec la prétendue libération sexuelle qui cache parfois des archaïsmes et des formes d’aliénation redoutables. La sexualité est une question politique.
L’homophobie au nom de l’hétérotopie
Authors: Maya Acyr , Marques Luciana
Published: April 2017

La reconnaissance sociale et juridique du couple et de la parentalité homosexuelle évoque de brûlantes discussions dans la société contemporaine, y compris dans la psychanalyse. Dans cet article nous nous proposons d’analyser le discours de Charles Melman, un parmi d’autres analystes qui s’opposent aux nouveaux arrangements de la famille. Nous notons que Melman s’est approprié une certaine interprétation de la notion de symbolique, liée à la différence des sexes. De cette interprétation il a déduit un argument compatible avec les valeurs chrétiennes et avec la conception de l’homosexualité comme perversion. Contrairement à eux, nous montrons que la conception du complexe de l’Œdipe et de la castration, avec Lacan, est une opération de langage qui déloge la famille de son enracinement biologique d’autrefois.
A survey of probiotic use practices among patients at a tertiary medical centre
Authors: Draper K. , Ley C. , Parsonnet J.
Published: April 2017

Probiotic use has skyrocketed in recent years. Little is known, however, about patient knowledge and practices regarding probiotic use, especially in the context of antibiotic use. An invitation to complete a short, anonymous, electronic survey was sent by email to 965 patients at a tertiary medical centre in California who had agreed to be contacted for participation in research studies. Questions were asked about both probiotic and antibiotic use in the prior three months. Of 333 survey respondents, 55% had recently used probiotics, including food products and/or supplements (90 and 60% of probiotic users, respectively). Women were more likely than men to have used probiotics (odds ratio (OR): 1.99; 95% confidence interval (CI): 1.2-3.4). Health care providers (HCP) had prescribed antibiotics to 79 (24%) respondents in the preceding three months. Among antibiotic users, 33% had initiated or changed probiotics at the time of antibiotic use, usually without a recommendation from their prescribing HCP (72%). Only 12% of those who took probiotics with antibiotics had received a specific recommendation from their HCP. Most patients chose to take probiotic mixtures (56%), with few selecting evidence-based strains, such as Lactobacillus rhamnosus GG (11%). Regular probiotic use among patients is common. Typically, these probiotics are not recommended by a HCP, even in conjunction with antibiotic prescriptions. While a growing body of evidence supports specific probiotic strains for the prevention of antibiotic-associated diarrhoea, patients are often not receiving a specific recommendation from their HCP and appear to be taking strains without guidance from supporting evidence.
Intraocular Pressure After Implantation of a Phakic Collamer Intraocular Lens With a Central Hole
Authors: Rodríguez-Una Ignacio , Rodríguez-Calvo Pedro Pablo , Cueto Luis Fernández-Vega , Lisa Carlos , Cueto Andrés Fernández-Vega , Alfonso José F.
Published: April 2017

PURPOSE:

To investigate the middle-term intraocular pressure (IOP) results after implantation of a posterior chamber collagen copolymer phakic intraocular lens (IOL) (V4c Visian; STAAR Surgical Co., Nidau, Switzerland) with a central hole in patients with myopia.

METHODS:

This retrospective study enrolled patients who had implantation of a phakic IOL with a central hole. IOP, central vault, and adverse events were evaluated 1, 3, 6, 12, and 24 months postoperatively.

RESULTS:

The study enrolled 763 eyes (384 patients, 128 men and 256 women). Mean follow-up was 7.0 ± 7.2 months (range: 1 to 24 months). The mean IOP was 13.2 ± 2.1 mm Hg preoperatively. Postoperatively, the mean IOP was 12.4 ± 1.7 mm Hg at 1 month, 12.5 ± 1.8 mm Hg at 3 months, 12.6 ± 1.3 mm Hg at 6 months, 12.6 ± 1.4 mm Hg at 12 months, and 12.7 ± 1.1 mm Hg at 24 months. Only one case (0.13%) presented an increased IOP (> 21 mm Hg) during the observation period. No pupillary block or acute angle closure was recorded. IOP at the final follow-up visit was 12.8 ± 1.3 mm Hg.

CONCLUSIONS:

Implantation of central hole phakic IOL in myopic patients provided good and safe IOP outcomes throughout the 24-month observation period.

[
J Refract Surg.
2017;33(4):244–249.]
Megeremaeus cretaceousnew species (Acari: Oribatida), the first oribatid mite from Canadian amber
Authors: Sidorchuk Ekaterina A. , Behan-Pelletier Valerie M.
Published: April 2017

Canadian Cretaceous amber belongs to the Taber Coal Zone, and was deposited in beds of coal and shale saturated with organic matter. It is upper Campanian (~76–72 million years ago), and the source of the original resin is predominantly the plant genusParataxodiumArnold and Lowther (Cupressaceae). We describe the first oribatid mite from this amber,Megeremaeus cretaceousnew species(Acari: Oribatida: Megeremaeidae). We provide a key to all described species ofMegeremaeusHiggins and Woolley, 1965, and discuss the advantages that confocal microscopy provides for the study of dark, resin-filled, miniature amber inclusions.
Mucosal IgM Antibody with d-Mannose Affinity in Fugu Takifugu rubripes Is Utilized by a Monogenean Parasite Heterobothrium okamotoi for Host Recognition
Authors: Igarashi Kento , Matsunaga Ryohei , Hirakawa Sachi , Hosoya Sho , Suetake Hiroaki , Kikuchi Kiyoshi , Suzuki Yuzuru , Nakamura Osamu , Miyadai Toshiaki , Tasumi Satoshi , Tsutsui Shigeyuki
Published: April 2017

How parasites recognize their definitive hosts is a mystery; however, parasitism is reportedly initiated by recognition of certain molecules on host surfaces. Fish ectoparasites make initial contact with their hosts at body surfaces, such as skin and gills, which are covered with mucosa that are similar to those of mammalian guts. Fish are among the most primitive vertebrates with immune systems that are equivalent to those in mammals, and they produce and secrete IgM into mucus. In this study, we showed that the monogenean parasite Heterobothrium okamotoi utilizes IgM to recognize its host, fugu Takifugu rubripes. Oncomiracidia are infective larvae of H. okamotoi that shed their cilia and metamorphose into juveniles when exposed to purified d-mannose–binding fractions from fugu mucus. Using liquid chromatography–tandem mass spectrometry analysis, proteins contained in the fraction were identified as d-mannose–specific IgM with two d-mannose–binding lectins. However, although deciliation was significantly induced by IgM and was inhibited by d-mannose or a specific Ab against fugu IgM, other lectins had no effect, and IgM without d-mannose affinity induced deciliation to a limited degree. Subsequent immunofluorescent staining experiments showed that fugu d-mannose–specific IgM binds ciliated epidermal cells of oncomiracidium. These observations suggest that deciliation is triggered by binding of fugu IgM to cell surface Ags via Ag binding sites. Moreover, concentrations of d-mannose–binding IgM in gill mucus were sufficient to induce deciliation in vitro, indicating that H. okamotoi parasites initially use host Abs to colonize host gills.
Undiagnosed diabetes mellitus and related factors in East Gojjam (NW Ethiopia) in 2016: a community-based study
Authors: Wondemagegn Amsalu Taye , Bizuayehu Habtamu Mellie , Abie Dagninet Derebe , Ayalneh Getachew Mengistu , Tiruye Tenaw Yimer , Tessema Mequanint Taddele
Published: April 2017

Introduction. Currently, diabetes is the second most common non-communicable disease (NCD) in Ethiopia. Its burden is 4.8% in this country, even though three quarter of its population live with undiagnosed diabetes mellitus (DM), which causes complications like heart failure, blood vessels, eyes, kidneys and nerves damages. Early detection of DM is vital for a timely intervention to prevent these life threatening complications. The aim of this study was to assess the prevalence of undiagnosed DM and related factors in East Gojjam, North West Ethiopia, in 2016.
Materials and methods. A community-based cross-sectional study was conducted among 757 individuals in East Gojjam from June to September 2016. The sampled population was selected using multi-stage cluster sampling method. Basic data were collected in Amharic (local language) and a pretested interviewer administered the questionnaire. Peripheral blood samples were collected by puncturing the ring finger in order to measure fasting blood glucose. Univarite and multivariate logistic regressions analysis were performed using Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS) software version 20.0.
Results. The percentage of undiagnosed DM in the study area was 11.5% (95%CI=9.2, 13.7). The prevalence was 11.3% among male vs. 11.8% among female; 13.4% in urban areas vs. 10.3% in rural areas. The occurrence of undiagnosed DM was mainly associated with older age (AOR=5.99, 95%CI=1.54, 23.24), family history of diabetes (AOR=9.86, 95%CI=4.25, 22.89), history of gestational diabetes (AOR=3.01, 95%CI=1.17, 8.39) and sedentary behaviour >4 hours per day (AOR=2.13, 95%CI=1.04, 4.34). Being non-smoker (AOR=0.05, 95%CI=0.01, 0.17) and unmarried (AOR=0.09, 95%CI=0.02, 0.42) were also predictive characteristics for undiagnosed DM in the study area.
Conclusions. In conclusion, this study revealed a relatively high prevalence of undiagnosed DM in the study area. The occurrence of undiagnosed DM was significantly higher when associated with the age of the participants, their marital status, history of hypertension, diabetes family history, history of gestational diabetes mellitus, current smoking practices and sedentary behaviour. Thus, efforts have to be made, particularly by the individuals involved in health practice, to early detect the disease and thereby initiate a suitable therapeutic service, before complications arise.