bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The role of income and neighbourhood poverty in the association between the 2009 Special Supplemental Nutrition Program for Women, Infants and Children (WIC) food package change and child obesity among WIC-participating children in Los Angeles County, 2003–2016
Authors: Chaparro M Pia , Whaley Shannon E , Anderson Christopher E , Wang May C , Crespi Catherine M
Published: December 2020

Objective:

To determine whether a previously reported association between the Special Supplemental Nutrition Program for Women, Infants and Children (WIC) food package change and reduced child obesity risk among WIC-participating children in Los Angeles County holds across levels of family income and neighbourhood poverty.

Design:

Analysis of prospectively collected WIC administrative data. The outcome was obesity at age 4 years (BMI-for-age ≥ 95th percentile). Poisson regression was applied to a matched sample (n 79 502) to determine if the association between the WIC food package change and child obesity was modified by family income (<50 % federal poverty level (FPL), 50–100 % FPL, >100 % but <185 % FPL) and neighbourhood poverty.

Setting:

Los Angeles County, California.

Participants:

Children who participated in WIC in Los Angeles County between 2003 and 2016; children were grouped as receiving the old WIC food package (2003–2009) or the new WIC food package (2010–2016).

Results:

Receiving the new WIC food package (i.e., post-2009) was associated with 7–18 % lower obesity risk across all family income categories. Neither family income nor neighbourhood poverty significantly modified the association between the WIC food package and child obesity. However, certain sub-groups seemed to benefit more from the food package change than others. In particular, boys from families with income above poverty but residing in the poorest neighbourhoods experienced the greatest reductions in obesity risk (relative risk = 0·77; 95 % CI 0·66, 0·88).

Conclusions:

The WIC food package revisions were associated with reduced childhood obesity risk among all WIC-participating families in Los Angeles County, across levels of income eligibility and neighbourhood poverty.
Hydroamination of non-activated alkenes with ammonia: a holy grail in catalysis
Authors: Streiff Stéphane , Jérôme François
Published: December 2020

This review covers the hydroamination of non-activated alkenes with simple amines, with a special focus on ammonia.
Bioinspired scaffolds that sequester lead ions in physically damaged high efficiency perovskite solar cells
Authors: Mokhtar Muhamad Z. , He Jiangyu , Li Menghan , Chen Qian , Ke Jack Chun Ren , Lewis David J. , Thomas Andrew G. , Spencer Ben F. , Haque Saif A. , Saunders Brian R.
Published: December 2020

When hydroxyapatite nanoparticles are included in the mesoporous scaffold for perovskite solar cells they not only improve the power conversion efficiency but sequester released Pb if broken cells are immersed in water.
The controlled growth of conjugated polymer-quantum dot nanocomposites via a unimolecular templating strategy
Authors: Yuan Guoxiao , Liang Tianci , Liang Yachao , Pang Xinchang , Jia Zhongfan
Published: December 2020

We extend the abilities of reversible deactivation radical polymerization to control the chain length and dispersity of polymers for control of the size, distribution, and functionality of organic–inorganic hybrid nanoparticles.
Inside-mode indium oxide/carbon nanotubes for efficient carbon dioxide electroreduction by suppressing hydrogen evolution
Authors: He Haichuan , Yang Congcheng , Deng Liu , Wu Jian , Chen Fei , Huang Jianhan , Liu You-Nian
Published: December 2020

An inside-mode MWCNTs@In2O3 compound was developed to improve the catalytic effect and suppress hydrogen evolution. The HCOOH selectivity reaches up to 92.2%.
X-ray crystal structures of K+ and Rb+ salts of [W(CN)6(bpy)]2− ion. The unusual cation–anion interactions and structure changes going from Li+ to Cs+ salts
Authors: Hodorowicz Maciej , Jurowska Anna , Szklarzewicz Janusz
Published: December 2020

The K+ and Rb+ salts of [W(CN)6(bpy)]2− ion were compared to the Li+ and Cs+ ones. The layered structure is independent on cation radii and decreasing strength of the cation–anion interactions on going from Li+ to Cs+.
An exceptionally stable luminescent cadmium(ii) metal–organic framework as a dual-functional chemosensor for detecting Cr(vi) anions and nitro-containing antibiotics in aqueous media
Authors: Fan Liming , Zhao Dongsheng , Li Bei , Chen Xi , Wang Feng , Deng Yuxin , Niu Yulan , Zhang Xiutang
Published: December 2020

Based on four kinds of SBUs, a robust Cd(ii) LMOF was fabricated that possessed highly sensitive detectability as a dual-response chemosensor for Cr(vi) anions and broad-spectrum nitro-containing antibiotics in aqueous media.
High mobility and enhanced photoelectric performance of two-dimensional ternary compounds NaCuX (X = S, Se, and Te)
Authors: Li Heming , Jiang Xinxin , Xu Xuhui , Xu Ge , Li Dongmei , Li Chong , Cui Bin , Liu De-Sheng
Published: December 2020

Monolayer ternary materials NaCuX (X = S, Se, and Te) show high mobilities and strong optical absorption in the visible region.
The role of the A-cations in the polymorphic stability and optoelectronic properties of lead-free ASnI3perovskites
Authors: Ozório Mailde S. , Srikanth Malladi , Besse Rafael , Da Silva Juarez L. F.
Published: December 2020

We provide a deep atomistic understanding of the structural, energetic, electronic, and optical properties of the CH3NH3(methylammonium, MA), CH3PH3(methylphosphonium, MP) and CH(NH2)2(formamidinium, FA) compounds based on DFT calculations.
Visible light photocatalysis in the late-stage functionalization of pharmaceutically relevant compounds
Authors: Cannalire Rolando , Pelliccia Sveva , Sancineto Luca , Novellino Ettore , Tron Gian Cesare , Giustiniano Mariateresa
Published: December 2020

Recent developments and future prospects of visible-light photocatalysis in the late-stage functionalization of pharmaceuticals and natural bioactive compounds.
Non-thermal pulsed plasma activated water: environmentally friendly way for efficient surface modification of semiconductor nanoparticles
Authors: Galář Pavel , Khun Josef , Fučíková Anna , Dohnalová Kateřina , Popelář Tomáš , Matulková Irena , Valenta Jan , Scholtz Vladimír , Kůsová Kateřina
Published: December 2020

Non-thermal plasma activated water can be used for cheap, easy and chemicals-free surface modification of nanoparticles, with all the reactive species originating solely in air and water.
Supramolecular concepts for the biphasic epoxidation of olefins using aqueous hydrogen peroxide
Authors: Schmidt Fabian , Cokoja Mirza
Published: December 2020

Supramolecular assemblies of epoxidation catalysts allow for a targeted catalyst phase transfer, facilitating the interactions between catalyst, substrate and oxidant, and enabling catalyst recyclingviaphase separation.
Plasmonic nanobowtiefluidic device for sensitive detection of glioma extracellular vesicles by Raman spectrometry
Authors: Jalali Mahsa , Isaac Hosseini Imman , AbdelFatah Tamer , Montermini Laura , Wachsmann Hogiu Sebastian , Rak Janusz , Mahshid Sara
Published: December 2020

A nanosurface microfluidic platform based on suspended plasmonic nanobowties for surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy (SERS) of Glioblastoma extracellular vesicles.
Rapid isolation of circulating cancer associated fibroblasts by acoustic microstreaming for assessing metastatic propensity of breast cancer patients
Authors: Jiang Ruoyu , Agrawal Sudhanshu , Aghaamoo Mohammad , Parajuli Ritesh , Agrawal Anshu , Lee Abraham P.
Published: December 2020

We demonstrate a label free and high-throughput microbubble-based acoustic microstreaming technique to isolate rare circulating cells from cancer patients with a capture efficiency of 94% while preserving cell functional integrity within 8 minutes.
System-cognitive analysis of the economic efficiency of mechanical fallow treatment based on data from the electronic book of field history
Authors: Stepnykh N.V. , Gilev S.D. , Nesterova E.V. , Zargaryan A.M.
Published: December 2020

The article presents a differentiated for each field economic analysis of the use of agricultural tools in the processing of fallow fields, conducted using digital tools developed by the authors. Production data from the the Kurgan Research Institute of Agriculture, a branch of the FSBSI Ural Federal Agrarian Research Center of the Ural Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences for 2017-2019. Based on information from the electronic book of field history, the program for calculating process charts calculates the cost of fallow mechanical treatment. Methods of system-cognitive and statistical analysis were used to review the results. It was found that the greatest impact on the increase in costs was exerted by the total number of treatments and the use of low-productivity agricultural tools (BDT-3. KPS-4.2). To increase the yield of wheat, a greater number of treatments of BDM-6-4 and a smaller number of treatments of KPE-3.8 and KPS-4.2 had some advantage. The total number of mechanical fallow treatments did not correlate with the wheat yield obtained for the next year, but it had an impact on the profitability of crop production. To reduce the cost of fallow treatment, it is recommended to use high-performance agricultural equipment BDM-6-4 and anti-erosion cultivators KPE-3.8 (2 in the coupling), aggregated by the energy-intensive tractor HTZ-17221.
Increasing the reproductive function of Large White boars
Authors: Pokhodnya G.S. , Novikov A.A. , Breslavets Yu.P. , Mirzaev S.M. , Kalinin A.Yu.
Published: December 2020

In these studies, it was found that seasons have a significant impact on the reproductive function of Large White boars. It was found that these indicators were the highest in winter, and the lowest in summer. Studies have also shown that the inclusion in the diet of Large White boars of the feed additive “HydroLaktiV” in a dosage of 1.0, 1.5, 2.0% over the main diet allowed to increase both quantitative and qualitative indicators of sperm. An increase in the quantitative and qualitative sperm indicators of the studied boars in turn led to an increase in the number of piglets in these groups by 7.4, 11.6, 11.4%, respectively; a decrease in their cost at birth by 7.0, 10.4, and 10.3% compared to the control group.
Assessment of the efficiency of therapeutic and prophylactic treatment of cows’ hooves using a modern antiseptic
Authors: Saitkhanov Elman , Besedin Dmitry , Semenov Vladimir , Kulakov Vitaly , Gertseva Ksenia
Published: December 2020

The search for modern effective means for prevention and treatment of diseases of hooves of farm animals is an urgent and timely issue. The study considers assessment of the incidence and nature of hoof pathologies in highly productive cows in one of the livestock farms of Ryazan region with a production line system and loose housing of animals. The total percentage of lameness in the farm was 17.3%, including acute lameness, when the cow does not lean on a bad limb - 3.6%. After assessing the significance and relevance of the study for this farm, there was an experiment to assess the efficiency of the use of a new antiseptic drug for preventive and therapeutic treatment of hooves based on quaternary ammonium salts, nonionic surface-active materials, copper aldehyde and sulfate. The drug showed high bactericidal activity when studying the total microbial count (51.2% lower than in the control group) and the presence of E. coli bacteria (not detected after exposure). When assessing the presence and nature of the growth of microorganisms on the Endo nutrient medium in the experimental group of animals, the results similar to the comparison drug were noticed.
Ecological restoration of degraded pasture lands in the Circum-Caspian Sea semi-desert
Authors: Shamsutdinov Nariman , Shagaipov Musa , Sanzheev Vadim
Published: December 2020

For the ecological restoration of desert lands, the dominant species of fodder plants of the natural flora of the violent and patient ecology were used: Krascheninnikovia ceratoides (L.) Gueldenst., Bassia prostrata (L.) A.J. Scott, Camphorosma lessingii Litv., Artemisia lerhiana L., A. pauciflora Web., Poa bulbosa L. in various quantitative ratios in mixtures. Polydominant pasture ecosystems occupy different tiers of height in the aboveground sphere: semi-shrubs – up to 120-140 cm, dwarf semi-shrubs – up to 45-75 cm, ephemeroid grasses – up to 15-25 cm. This ensures efficient placement of the leaf apparatus for efficient photosynthesis. In the underground sphere, various life forms of fodder plants form root systems and develop various ecological niches for more efficient use of water and mineral resources of a large volume of soil. Polydominant pasture ecosystems, which include various plant life forms, provide higher feed production, which exceeds the production of natural pastures by 3-5 times.
Efficiency of liquid chelate fertilizers organomix in apple growing in the conditions of the forest zone of the KBR
Authors: Sidakova M.S. , Didanova E.N. , Kishev A.Yu. , Abdulkhalikov R.Z.
Published: December 2020

Horticulture is a highly intensive industry that requires significant costs in the establishment and maintenance of plantations. The profitability of horticulture, which in the republic can reach up to 150%, depends on the use of a rational fertilization system, taking into account the biological characteristics of fruit and berry crops, the age of the garden, the phase of plant development, soil and weather conditions. Particularly high nutritional requirements are imposed by intensive early ripening varieties of fruit crops on tall rootstocks. In this work, we studied the effect of liquid chelated fertilizers Organomix when processing trees on the yield, commercial qualities of the fruit of the Florina apple tree in the conditions of the forest fruit zone of the Kabardino-Balkarian Republic. The most noticeable effect on increasing the yield of trees (27.4 t / ha) was exerted by the combined use of the preparations Organomix fruit and berry (0.5 l / ha), Organomix Bor (0.5 l / ha), Organostim (0.6 l / ha) ha) in the walnut phase. The use of the preparations contributed to an increase in the productivity of the apple tree by 16.9-32.4%. Treatment of apple trees with Organomix preparations gives high economic efficiency due to the increase in the commercial quality of the fruits.
Vaccination of cows against mastitis-an alternative to antibiotics application
Authors: Isakova M. N. , Sivkova U.V. , Ryaposova M.V.
Published: December 2020

Data demonstrating the effectiveness of the antimastitic vaccine in bred livestock farms in the Sverdlovsk region by examining the level of diagnosed mastitis and the index of somatic cells (SCC) in milk are given. Application of animal immunization against mastitis revealed that 6 months after the first vaccination of animals in the pedigree breeding unit and plant, the number of identified mastitis reduced by 16.6% and 7.3%, respectively, and the level of SCC in the milk of highly productive cows by 26.5% and 10.7%, respectively. 12 months after the first vaccination protocol was applied. The overall number of animals with evidence of mastitis in the pedigree breeding unit and plant was 13.3% and 7.5%, respectively. The SCC level in 1 organization was 290 thousand/ml, and in 2 - 450 thousand / ml. The research found a significant reduction in the diagnosed mastitis in animals after 32 months due to the application of the antimastitis vaccine. The overall number of diseases reduced by 30.6% in organization 1 and 26.2% in organization 2 comparing to the period of the beginning of vaccination. Results: the dynamics of decrease in asymptomatic and clinical mastitis in organization 2 comparing to the period at the time of immunization was 19.5% and 11.1%, respectively. And in organization 1, the level of asymptomatic and clinical mastitis decreased by 16.9% and 9.0%, respectively. The quantity of SCC in the milk of cows kept in the research organization 1 had a value of 152 thousand/ml, which is 83.9% lower comparing to the first period of the study. The level of SCC in the tested samples of milk of animals kept in organization 2 was 263 thousand/ml, which is 62.2% lower than this index before the application of the animal vaccination program against mastitis.
The efficiency of rhizobia use in the soybean cultivation on chernozem of the Western Ciscaucasia
Authors: Lucomets Vyacheslav , Tilba Vladimir , Tishkov Nikolay , Makhonin Vasily , Shkarupa Margarita
Published: December 2020

In the period of 2008-2014, we carried out the field experiments to evaluate the efficiency of soybean inoculation with Russian and foreign preparations of nodule bacteria on various subtypes of chernozem of the Western Ciscaucasia. All studied inoculants ensured an increase of soybean yield: on ordinary chernozem – on average, by 18.8 % (0.34 t/ha), on leached and typical chernozems – by 14.9 % (0.30 t/ha), on meadow chernozem of rice fields – by 59.1 % (1.04 t/ha). The protein content from inoculation increased by 1.7-1.9 %, in rice crop rotations – by 4.0-4.9 %. There was no significant difference in efficiency between Russian and foreign inoculants. In 2018-2019, in a field experiment on leached chernozem we established the varietal specificity by reaction to inoculation with various strains of rhizobia in new soybean varieties Bars and Irbis, confirming the expediency of selecting complementary pairs in the system soybean variety – rhizobia strain.
Assessment of the state of the reproductive system of males of Northern sled dog breeds in a kennel
Authors: Barkova A.S. , Milshtein I.M. , Shurmanova E.I. , Ustiugov Aleksandr
Published: December 2020

Due to the increased interest in sledding in dogs, the assessment of their reproductive function, in particular breeding males, is also relevant at the present time. In the course of the work, the prostate condition was assessed in breeding working animals in a kennel, as well as the quality of sperm in working dogs of different ages, as well as in non-working groups. The results showed that in 16.8% of males the prostate is not enlarged, the echostructure is uniform, the contours are even, and the echogenicity is normal. A slight increase in the organ without structural changes is observed in 42% of the examined animals and the same number of dogs (42%), have echostructural changes and increased organ size. Prostate enlargement in most of the examined males of the kennel may be associated with the crowding of their content, as well as the presence of bitches in neighboring enclosures. When assessing semen quality in workers of different age groups and non-group males in various time intervals at different intensity of physical activity. it is noted that the stability of sperm quality identified in males outside of the group, while animals in the system having both long and short-term physical load sperm quality is subject to considerable fluctuations. Thus, under intense load, the sperm quality indicators correspond to the reference values in animals of all groups, while during the long period of rest, working sled dogs have a significant decrease in the quality of sperm, which negatively affects their fertility.
Biochemical status of the sow body with the use of vitamin and mineral supplement in the diet
Authors: Ovchinnikov A.A. , Ovchinnikova L.Yu. , Matrosova Yu.V. , Bryukhanov D.S. , Babich E.A.
Published: December 2020

The diet of monogastric animals should be adjusted for vitamin and mineral nutrition during the period of growing and economic use. They affect all types of metabolism, especially in the last third of gestation of sows and the development of young pigs in the postnatal period. For sows throughout the period of gestation and suckling, it is important to include in the diet such biogenic element as folic acid, as well as a set of essential trace elements (copper, zinc, cobalt, manganese) and group B vitamins, the use of which during the entire production cycle helped to improve prolificacy of sows by 15.2%, the average increase was 8.8% and the safety of young pigs dairy period of cultivation is 7.2%, which reduced the cost of feed for growing one reared pig by 10.6-18.1 %.
Modern approaches to adaptive tillage complexes in crop rotation and intensive land use in the Middle Urals
Authors: Zybarev Y.N. , Fomin D.S.
Published: December 2020

The article presents the results of many years of research on soil treatment systems and techniques. It is established that for the conditions of the Perm region on sod-podzolic loamy soils, the most optimal system of basic treatment and reception is: 1. in grain-grass crop rotations with clean and occupied pairs, when applying medium and high doses of mineral and organic fertilizers, disk, minimum and plow-disk processing systems are most effective, ensuring the level of productivity of crop rotations is not lower than during annual plowing. At the same time, the humus content does not decrease, and the cost of soil processing is reduced by 20 – 35%. To obtain maximum productivity in grain-grass crop rotations, multi-depth processing is promising, in which the costs are at the same level as the costs of ordinary processing, including annual plowing to a depth of 22-24 cm.2. in grain-steam crop rotations, when applying medium and high doses of fertilizers, the most perspective processing is that which includes ploughing by 40 cm per pair, disking by 14 cm and ploughing by 20 cm for spring crops. Carrying out soil ploughing to a depth of 20 cm with SibIME stands instead of annual plowing is more effective, since this processing does not reduce the humus content, reduces the cost of processing by 17.8% and the yield of grain crops is not lower than with plow processing.
Invasion of Erigeron annuus (L.) Pers. in the hay and pasture meadows of the Greater Caucasus: modeling of the current and predicted distribution
Authors: Pshegusov Rustam , Nazranov Khusen , Chadayeva Victoria , Nazranov Beslan
Published: December 2020

Erigeron annuus (L.) Pers is a North American invasive species that invades hay meadows and pastures from the plain to the high mountainous zone of the Caucasus. Leads to a decrease in biodiversity and forage value of meadows. Predictive modeling using the MaxEnt method showed that at present, in the valleys of large rivers of the Caucasus, there are significant areas potentially suitable for the growth of this species (only 10.4 thousand km2). The spatial distribution of E. annuus is limited by the wind speed in January (no more than 2.6 m/s), the maximum temperature in April (13-16 °C), the amount of precipitation in the wettest months (80-100 mm) and quarter (240-260 mm). In accordance with the predicted trends of climatic changes, by 2050 the total area of habitats suitable for the species may be doubled (up to 20.3 km2).
The problem of social security of residents of rural areas of Russia in modern conditions: social and philosophical dimension
Authors: Shilovtsev Andrey , Sorokina Natalia , Stozhko Konstantin , Lopez Garcia Jose Luis
Published: December 2020

The article considers the problem of social security of rural residents from a socio-philosophical point of view in the context of the need to further strengthen it and improve the entire system of social and labor relations. The morphology of social security and its features in the conditions of modern agricultural production are revealed. Identified shortcomings of existing calculation of the minimum wage (SCMW) and the minimum subsistence level (MSL) as a factor in their failure to comply with the required level of social security of the rural population. The main causes and forms of devaluation of social security in rural areas (underdevelopment of industrial and social infrastructure, migration of rural population to megacities, etc.) are identified. Measures are proposed to strengthen the social security of the rural population, taking into account all its components.
Forecasting the financial results of the agribusiness company
Authors: Novichkova Olga , Tagirova Olga , Nosov Alexey , Fedotova Marina
Published: December 2020

Competent management of the company’s activities is largely determined by the ability to manage financial results, analyze the features of their formation, which ensures the effective functioning of the organization. Timely analysis allows to study development trends, deeply and systematically examine the factors of changes in activity results, justify plans and management decisions, monitor their implementation, identify reserves for improving the efficiency of economic activity, evaluate the results of the enterprise, and develop an economic strategy for its development. For commercial enterprises, the main criterion for performance assessment is the financial result. At the same time, not only the goals and objectives of the company are multiple, but also the methods used by specialists in planning of the financial results formation. The quality of management of financial results largely determines the effective operation of the company, the stable pace of its work and competitiveness in modern economic conditions.
Spatial socio-economic heterogeneity of rural areas in the Russian Federation
Authors: Turgel Irina , Pobedin Alexander , Bozhko Larissa
Published: December 2020

Implementation of objectives set out in the Strategy for sustainable development of rural territories of the Russian Federation until 2030 requires solving the problems of spatial differentiation among rural territories in different regions of Russia. The article analyzes the level of differentiation using a set of socio-economic indicators of rural areas. The coefficient of variation was used as an indicator of the degree of spatial differentiation. In the course of analysis, the authors identified significant disparities in territorial development for most of the considered indicators, and particularly acute differences were found in economic parameters, including the volume of investment at the expense of the municipal budget. It is revealed that the degree of differentiation between rural territories is influenced not so much by economic development success as by the level of urbanization in the region. The empirical basis of the analysis is research results conducted within the framework of the research project “Improving the policy of state regulation of accelerated clustering of industrial regions” (AP05133531), carried out under grant funding from the Ministry of education and science of the Republic of Kazakhstan.
Competitiveness of regions with similar meteorological conditions of agricultural production
Authors: Kolomeeva Elena , Kharitonova Anna , Zaruk Natalia
Published: December 2020

The article contains regions differentiation on competitiveness of agricultural production taking into account meteorological conditions. Regions with favorable and unfavorable conditions of agriculture were identified. The direct competitiveness dependence of subjects of the Russian Federation on the climate factor is revealed; in the future it will allow to determine ways of increasing productivity and efficiency of agricultural activities and will increase the competitiveness of individual regions. In each group, the most and least competitive subjects for crop production and livestock are identified.
New Developments in the Pathophysiology and Management of Primary Immune Thrombocytopenia
Authors: Althaus Karina , Faul Christoph , Bakchoul Tamam
Published: December 2020

Immune thrombocytopenia (ITP) is an autoimmune disease that is characterized by a significant reduction in the number of circulating platelets and frequently associated with bleeding. Although the pathogenesis of ITP is still not completely elucidated, it is largely recognized that the low platelet count observed in ITP patients is due to multiple alterations of the immune system leading to increased platelet destruction as well as impaired thrombopoiesis. The clinical manifestations and patients' response to different treatments are very heterogeneous suggesting that ITP is a group of disorders sharing common characteristics, namely, loss of immune tolerance toward platelet (and megakaryocyte) antigens and dysfunctional primary hemostasis. Management of ITP is challenging and requires intensive communication between patients and caregivers. The decision to initiate treatment should be based on the platelet count level, age of the patient, bleeding manifestation, and other factors that influence the bleeding risk in individual patients. In this review, we present recent data on the mechanisms that lead to platelet destruction in ITP with a particular focus on current findings concerning alterations of thrombopoiesis. In addition, we give an insight into the efficacy and safety of current therapies and management of ITP bleeding emergencies.
Efficiency of H center stabilization in alkali halide crystals at low-temperature uniaxial deformation
Authors: Zhanturina N. , Myasnikova L. , Shunkeyev K. , Maratova A. , Popov A. I.
Published: December 2020

The efficiency of stabilization of H centers as well as its dependence on the degree of uniaxial deformation are considered within the framework of the modified geometric model of alkali halides. It is shown that stabilization of H centers is difficult in KI and RbI crystals, while in other NaCl-type crystals it becomes quite probable. Under uniaxial deformation, the interstitial space, in which the defect will be located, decreases, and the efficiency decrease. In the case of cesium halides, the orientation of the H centers takes place predominantly in the <100> direction; therefore, the criteria for their stabilization differ from the NaCl-type alkali halide crystals. According to calculations, in CsI, large displacements of the nearest neighbors are required to stabilize H centers; while in CsBr their stabilization becomes sensitive to the effect of uniaxial deformation. The efficiency of H center stabilization obtained by the geometric model is compared with the corresponding efficiencies obtained from the theory of local excitations and the calculated total probability of accumulation of H centers under the influence of uniaxial deformation.
First-principles LCAO study of the low- and room-temperature phases of CdPS3
Authors: Kuzmin Alexei
Published: December 2020

The electronic and atomic structure of a bulk 2D layered van-der-Waals compound CdPS3 was studied in the low (R3) and room (C2/m) temperature phases using first-principles calculations within the periodic linear combination of atomic orbitals method with hybrid meta exchange-correlation M06 functional. The calculation results reproduce well the experimental crystallographic parameters. The value of the indirect band gap Eg = 3.4 eV for the room-temperature monoclinic C2/m phase is close to the experimental one, while the indirect band gap Eg = 3.3 eV was predicted for the low-temperature trigonal R3 phase. The effect of hydrostatic pressure on the band gap in both phases was studied in the pressure range from 0 to 40 GPa. In both cases, the pressure dependence of the band gap passes through a maximum, but at different pressures. In the R3 phase, the band gap reaches its maximum value of ∼4 eV at ∼30 GPa, whereas in the C2/m phase, the maximum value of ∼3.6 eV is reached already at ∼8 GPa.
The impact of temperature on electrical properties of polymer-based nanocomposites
Authors: Karbovnyk I. , Klym H. , Piskunov S. , Popov A. A. , Chalyy D. , Zhydenko I. , Lukashevych D.
Published: December 2020

The paper discusses the results of temperature studies of polymer-based nanocomposites obtained by incorporating multi-walled carbon nanotubes in thin layers of poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythophene):poly(4-styrenesulfonate), specifically focusing on interesting features in the dependencies of electrical properties across the wide range of temperatures from ambient one down to 10 K.
Experimental setup for the Seebeck and Nernst coefficient measurements
Authors: Sharma Shailja , Yadav C. S.
Published: December 2020

A new experimental setup is designed for the measurement of Seebeck and Nernst coefficients on the single crystal flakes and polycrystalline samples. The setup utilizes the multifunctional probe assembly of the physical property measurement system by Quantum Design, Inc. and can measure in the temperature range of 1.8 K–380 K up to 8 T magnetic fields. The experimental measurement was fully automated through a computer using the code written in LabVIEW software. The setup is capable of measurements on samples as small as 2 × 1 mm2 in size and thickness as small as a few micrometers, which is quite important for the crystal flakes grown using the vapor transport method. The determination of the coefficients is based on the quasi-static approach, with the thermal gradient of 0.2 K–1.2 K across the sample in the measured temperature range of 1.8 K–300 K. The sensitivity of the instrument is better than 0.1 µV/K, and the accuracy is better than ∼0.5 µV/K, which can be further improved with the better quality of electrical contacts on the sample. The Seebeck and Nernst coefficient measurements performed on some well-studied semimetallic (bismuth), thermoelectric (Bi2Se3), and superconducting (FeTe0.5Se0.5) systems are also presented.
Directed transport of symmetrically periodic system induced by “color” breaking of noise
Authors: Chen Ruyin , Jiang Luoluo
Published: December 2020

In general, no transport can emerge in a spatially symmetric periodic system subjected to an unbiased dichotomous periodic driving. Here, we used a noise, which switches synchronously with the driving in three cases [switch between Gaussian white noise and colored noise, two colored noises with different colors (e.g., autocorrelation rate), and Gaussian white noise and harmonic velocity noise], to drive such a symmetric system. Numerical results for the cases indicate that the directed transport of the symmetric system can be induced merely by the color breaking (the difference in two autocorrelation rates) of the switch noise. The amplitude of current depends on the difference, i.e., the greater the difference, the greater the current. Also, the greater autocorrelation rate between the two noises determines the direction of current. The current as a function of the noise intensity for all cases has in common that appropriate noise intensity induces optimal transport. Further investigations show that the color breaking comes from the difference of barrier heights between the left and right-tilted potentials induced by the different autocorrelation rates.
Colossal variations in the thermopower and n–p conductivity switching in topological tellurides under pressure
Authors: Morozova Natalia V. , Korobeinikov Igor V. , Kurochka Kirill V. , Ovsyannikov Sergey V.
Published: December 2020

Under applied high pressure, the electronic, optical, structural, and other properties of narrow-bandgap telluride semiconductors are subjected to dramatic changes. They can include, for instance, structural and electronic topological transitions. In this work, we investigated the electronic properties of single crystals of three families of tellurides, namely, HgTe, PbTe, and Bi2Te3 by measurements of the thermoelectric power (the Seebeck coefficient) and electrical resistance under high pressure up to 10 GPa. The applied pressure led to spectacular variations in the electronic transport of all three tellurides. We addressed these effects to electronic topological transitions that could be driven by significant narrowing of the bandgaps in the normal-pressure phases of these compounds. In particular, at about 1 GPa, we observed an n-p switching in the conductivity of HgTe, which was well reproducible under multiple pressure cycling. In contrast, in PbTe, we found that an electronic topological transition irreversibly turns the conductivity from p- to n-type. An electronic topological Lifshitz transition in p-type Bi2Te3 crystals with a low carrier concentration enhanced the n-type conductivity in a narrow pressure region about 2–3 GPa and resulted in a double p–n–p conductivity inversion. An irreversible p–n conductivity switching in p-type Bi2Te3 happened already on decompression from a high-pressure phase from about 8 GPa. The stress-controlled p–n inversions of the electrical conductivity in these industrially important telluride materials can potentially find emergent applications in micro- and nanoelectronics.
Rogue waves associated with resonant slow sloshing waves spontaneously excited in wind-driven water wave turbulence
Authors: Jou Ji-Lin , Lo Wei-Shuo , I Lin
Published: December 2020

Rogue wave events (RWEs), rare uncertainly emerging localized events with extreme amplitudes, widely exist in various nonlinear wave media. Past laboratory studies on RWEs of water surface waves have mainly focused on mechanically excited waves but to a lesser extent on waves solely excited by wind, which also have a large number of degrees of freedom. In this work, we experimentally demonstrate the laboratory observation of RWEs in a wind-driven water surface wave system after the transition to the steady wave turbulent state by increasing averaged wind speed. The spatiotemporal water surface height evolution is measured using diffusive light photography. It is found that RWEs uncertainly emerge in traveling bursts with high frequency large-amplitude fluctuations and irregular burst amplitude. The associated spontaneous slow periodic wave is identified as the resonant slow sloshing wave selected by the water tank with a finite length and spontaneously excited under turbulence. The surface wind speed modulation by the oscillating surface height of the sloshing wave in the small fetch region is proposed as the source for the excitations of sequential large amplitude bursts. The burst envelope shape deterioration through further turbulent wind and water wave interactions as bursts propagate downstream causes the non-Gaussian water surface height histogram with a highly stretched tail, contributed by the uncertain generation of RWEs in irregular bursts in the middle fetch region.
Metamaterial technologies for miniaturized infrared spectroscopy: Light sources, sensors, filters, detectors, and integration
Authors: Wei Jingxuan , Ren Zhihao , Lee Chengkuo
Published: December 2020

The miniaturization of infrared spectroscopy enables portable and low-cost devices, which could revolutionize many scientific and technological fields including environment monitoring, pharmacy, and biosensing. As a promising approach, metamaterial technologies have been widely developed in miniaturizing all the individual components of infrared spectroscopy such as light sources, sensors, spectral filters, and photodetectors. However, a systematic consideration on the whole device level is still lacking. In this Perspective, we focus on the possible opportunities offered by metamaterials for ultracompact infrared spectroscopy. To start with, we review the recent metamaterial-related component-level demonstrations. Then, we draw attention to the potential role of metamaterials as a common platform for all the individual components. Finally, we discuss about the near field effect in metamaterial-mediated devices.
Optimized continuum x-ray emission from laser-generated plasma
Authors: Krygier A. , Kemp G. E. , Coppari F. , Thorn D. B. , Bradley D. , Do A. , Eggert J. H. , Hsing W. , Khan S. F. , Krauland C. , Landen O. L. , MacDonald M. J. , McNaney J. M. , Park H.-S. , Remington B. A. , Rubery M. , Schneider M. B. , Sio H. , Ping Y.
Published: December 2020

We study continuum x-ray emission from hot plasma at the National Ignition Facility (NIF). We find that the x-ray yield in the multi-keV photon energy range is larger in Ti than in Ag or Au. This apparent paradox is due to Ti K-shell vacancies generated by the extraordinary energy density achieved by the NIF lasers. This is supported by direct observations of large continuum enhancement above the Ti K-series limit due to both free–bound (recombination) emission and strong Lyα (H-like) emission. Detailed calculations agree well with our measurements and support our conclusions.
An energy-landscape-based crossover temperature in glass-forming liquids
Authors: González-López Karina , Lerner Edan
Published: December 2020

The systematic identification of temperature scales in supercooled liquids that are key to understanding those liquids’ underlying glass properties, and their formation-history dependence, is a challenging task. Here, we study the statistics of particles’ squared displacements δr2 between equilibrium liquid configurations at temperature T and their underlying inherent states, using computer simulations of 11 different computer glass formers. We show that the relative fluctuations of δr2 are nonmonotonic in T, exhibiting a maximum whose location defines the crossover temperature TX. Therefore, TX marks the point of maximal heterogeneity during the process of tumbling down the energy landscape, starting from an equilibrium liquid state at temperature T down to its underlying inherent state. We extract TX for the 11 employed computer glasses, ranging from tetrahedral glasses to packs of soft elastic spheres, and demonstrate its usefulness in putting the elastic properties of different glasses on the same footing. Interestingly, we further show that TX marks the crossover between two distinct regimes of the mean ⟨δr2⟩: a high temperature regime in which ⟨δr2⟩ scales approximately as T0.5 and a deeply supercooled regime in which ⟨δr2⟩ scales approximately as T1.3. Further research directions are discussed.
Understanding fast diffusion of solutes in solid solutions: A molecular dynamics study of solutes in body centered cubic solid
Authors: Nag Shubhadeep , Sharma Manju , Yashonath Subramanian
Published: December 2020

In some binary alloys, the solute exhibits high or fast diffusion with low activation energy. In order to understand this, diffusion of solute atoms through a lattice of body centered cubic solvent atoms has been investigated with molecular dynamics technique. Surprisingly, solutes exhibit two distinct diffusivity maxima. Solutes migrate through the lattice mainly by diffusion from one tetrahedral void to another (tt) and, less frequently, by diffusion from a tetrahedral to an octahedral void (to) or reverse jumps (ot). Solutes with maximum diffusivity show smooth decay of the velocity autocorrelation function without backscattering. The average force on the solutes of various diameters correlates well with the position and intensity of the diffusivity maxima exhibited by the solutes. This suggests that the explanation for the diffusivity maxima lies in the levitation effect, which suggests a lowered force on the solute at the diffusivity maxima. The activation energy computed for the solutes of different sizes confirms this interpretation as it is lower for the solutes at the diffusivity maxima. Calculations with blocking of octahedral voids show that the second diffusivity maximum has significant contributions from the to diffusion path. These findings obtained here explain the fast solute/impurity atom diffusivity and low activation energies seen in the literature in many of the alloys, such as Co in γ-U and β-Zr, Cu in Pr, or Au in Th.
Measurement of small droplet aerosol concentrations in public spaces using handheld particle counters
Authors: Somsen G. Aernout , van Rijn Cees J. M. , Kooij Stefan , Bem Reinout A. , Bonn Daniel
Published: December 2020

We measure aerosol persistence to assess the risk of transmission of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) in public spaces. Direct measurement of aerosol concentrations, however, has proven to be technically difficult; we propose the use of handheld particle counters as a novel and easily applicable method to measure aerosol concentrations. This allows us to perform measurements in typical public spaces, each differing in volume, the number of people, and the ventilation rate. These data are used to estimate the relation between the aerosol persistence time and the risk of infection with SARS-CoV-2.
Introduction
Authors: Narita Tetsuo , Kachi Tetsu
Published: December 2020

Research history of GaN-based devices and defects reducing the performance is reviewed. Vertical GaN power devices are likely sensitive to threading dislocations compared with the lateral devices because the high electric field along with the dislocations are applied. Deep levels formed via point defects compensate carriers in vertical power devices because of the lower carrier concentrations compared with optical devices. The physical properties of GaN are also summarized based on the most reliable experimental data, which is the basis of discussions on characterizations of defects in this book.
Future Challenges: Defects in GaN Power Devices due to Fabrication Processes
Authors: Narita Tetsuo , Kachi Tetsu
Published: December 2020

Defects introduced through fabrication processes of GaN power devices are discussed. The dislocations threading through a freestanding GaN substrate and the upper p-n junction can act as a pathway of current leakage but the number of ‘killer’ dislocations causing significant leakage under a reverse bias is limited. Thus, the electrical property of each dislocation type needs to be studied to the exclusion of factors such as an electric field crowding and growth pits. The carrier compensation due to carbon makes it difficult to control the effective donor concentrations in n-type drift layers of high-voltage devices, so that the growth condition and method are tuned to suppress the carbon incorporation. A formation process of gate oxide produces interface states and traps in the oxide, which can be reduced by a post-deposition annealing. Ion implantation technologies for selective area doping introduce point defects which are transformed into various types of defects through post-implantation annealing, resulting in compensating holes and forming electrically inactive dopants. Ultra-high-pressure annealing at high temperature allows reducing such defects and activating dopants efficiently. To evaluate defects induced via dry etching is challenging because such defects is located near the surface. Methods to characterize etching-induced deep levels are introduced.
PLK4-phosphorylated NEDD1 facilitates cartwheel assembly and centriole biogenesis initiations
Authors: Chi Wangfei , Wang Gang , Xin Guangwei , Jiang Qing , Zhang Chuanmao
Published: December 2020

Centrosome duplication occurs under strict spatiotemporal regulation once per cell cycle, and it begins with cartwheel assembly and daughter centriole biogenesis at the lateral sites of the mother centrioles. However, although much of this process is understood, how centrosome duplication is initiated remains unclear. Here, we show that cartwheel assembly followed by daughter centriole biogenesis is initiated on the NEDD1-containing layer of the pericentriolar material (PCM) by the recruitment of SAS-6 to the mother centriole under the regulation of PLK4. We found that PLK4-mediated phosphorylation of NEDD1 at its S325 amino acid residue directly promotes both NEDD1 binding to SAS-6 and recruiting SAS-6 to the centrosome. Overexpression of phosphomimicking NEDD1 mutant S325E promoted cartwheel assembly and daughter centriole biogenesis initiations, whereas overexpression of nonphosphorylatable NEDD1 mutant S325A abolished the initiations. Collectively, our results demonstrate that PLK4-regulated NEDD1 facilitates initiation of the cartwheel assembly and of daughter centriole biogenesis in mammals.