bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
De boucs émissaires à pairs-experts, la mutation liée à la connaissance des enjeux d’un mécanisme universel en milieu professionnel
Authors: Nogués Françoise-Marie , Casanova Rémi
Published: February 2022

Les auteurs souhaitent témoigner de la complémentarité entre pédagogie institutionnelle et la psychothérapie du lien dans l’espace du groupe de pairs. Théorie et pratique éclairent un cheminement collectif déplié au cours de dix séances d’orientation psycho-institutionnelles, d’un groupe de pairs souhaitant mutualiser ses expériences en milieu professionnel, relatif au processus de bouc émissaire. La thématique n’est peut-être pas étrangère aux effets du cadre d’accompagnement posé. Considéré comme analyseur des situations professionnelles en institution, il a été le support d’un certain nombre d’outils d’accompagnement évoqués ci-dessous. Il est question d’analyser la conjonction vertueuse de deux modalités d’accompagnement, l’un fortement centré sur le cadre et l’organisation – la pédagogie institutionnelle-, l’autre davantage dirigée vers la relation – la Psychothérapie Gestaltiste des Relations d’objet.
Une analyse des… pratiques
Authors: Thomasset Jean-Pierre
Published: February 2022

Analyser les pratiques, c’est ouvrir des pistes concrètes de travail au travers de la lecture qui peut être faite de ce que parents et enfants donnent à voir et à entendre. En charpentant son acte professionnel, articulé aux missions de service public qu’il est appelé à remplir, le professionnel accède à la dimension de praticien de l’action sociale.
Une institution de protection de l’enfance à l’épreuve des tentatives de suicide
Authors: Pétry Philippe
Published: February 2022

La question des conduites à risque et des tentatives de suicide met à l’épreuve les institutions de protection de l’enfance. Au travers de l’analyse d’un dispositif nommé observatoire des incidents accidents et infractions graves, les différentes modalités de prise en compte et d’action sont décrites depuis le niveau des politiques publiques jusqu’au niveau des équipes éducatives et des personnes les plus au contact avec l’événement. Les références théoriques mobilisées relèvent de l’analyse anthropologique des politiques publiques et de la sociologie pragmatique
Du « cas de Gaël » à Pauline : vers un défi pédagogique et didactique pour une éducation plus inclusive ?
Authors: Priolet Maryvonne
Published: February 2022

Cette étude vise à mettre en parallèle, à quelque trente années d’écart, la prise en charge dans une classe ordinaire d’école élémentaire d’une élève relevant d’un dispositif Ulis école et celle du «  cas de Gaël  » décrite par Brousseau. L’analyse de l’observation in situ d’une séance de résolution de problèmes suivie d’un entretien avec l’enseignante révèle les choix effectués pour inclure cette élève, mais aussi les difficultés rencontrées par l’enseignante de la classe pour passer du concept d’intégration à celui d’inclusion. Cette analyse conduit à envisager les apports dont pourrait bénéficier l’ensemble du groupe-classe dans le contexte de l’inclusion scolaire.
Cohérence cardiaque et éducation. Une pratique comme soutien à l’inclusion scolaire ?
Authors: Vauthier Michaël , O’hare David , Guarino Alessio , Bardy Marie-Laure
Published: February 2022

La notion de bien-être ressenti est aujourd’hui transversale au concept de qualité de vie à l’école (Florin, Guimard, 2017). Utilisée comme outil d’accompagnement de la gestion du stress par les professionnels de santé, depuis plus de 20 ans, la cohérence cardiaque est une pratique respiratoire simple et facile à pratiquer. Nous nous sommes ainsi intéressés à son application en situation d’enseignement-apprentissage, en école élémentaire. À partir d’un protocole de recherche étendu sur 8 semaines, nous avons pu mesurer l’impact d’une telle pratique pour les enseignants et les élèves, sur le stress perçu et le climat de classe. À partir des effets mesurés, touchant à la relation à autrui notamment, nous nous sommes interrogés sur l’opportunité de la pratique de la cohérence cardiaque à l’école, comme soutien au développement de l’inclusion scolaire dans son acception la plus large.
La contextualisation, une compétence professionnelle au centre du master MEEF 1 er degré de Mayotte
Authors: Salone Jean-Jacques
Published: February 2022

Depuis septembre 2017, le Centre universitaire de formation et de recherche de Mayotte, en partenariat avec le vice-rectorat de Mayotte, l’université et l’Espé de La Réunion propose un master MEEF 1er degré. Dans notre article nous présenterons d’abord le contexte socio-culturel de ce master. Nous décrirons ensuite deux dispositifs coopératifs mis en œuvre: l’enquête pluridisciplinaire et l’œuvre didactique . Dans une approche inclusive (Prud’homme, 2007), ils ont pour objectifs de permettre aux étudiants d’acquérir des compétences en pédagogie active et de développer une compétence de contextualisation (Sauvage-Luntadi et Tupin, 2012). Dans ce cadre, les étudiants produisent des dossiers multimédias qui seront ici analysés à l’aide d’indicateurs révélant leurs compétences ou leur motivation.
Complete convergence and complete integral convergence for weighted sums of widely acceptable random variables under the sub-linear expectations
Authors: Jia Chengcheng ,   College of Science, Guilin University of Technology, Guilin 541006, China, Wu Qunying
Published: February 2022

Since the concept of sub-linear expectation space was put forward, it has well supplemented the deficiency of the theoretical part of probability space. In this paper, we establish the complete convergence and complete integration convergence for weighted sums of widely acceptable (abbreviated as WA) random variables under the sub-linear expectations with the different conditions. We extend the complete moment convergence in probability space to sublinear expectation space.
Machine learning-based evaluation of application value of the USM combined with NIPT in the diagnosis of fetal chromosomal abnormalities
Authors: Xu Xianfeng ,   Department of Reproductive Medicine, Shenzhen Second People's Hospital, Guangdong Province, 518035, China, Wang Liping , Cheng Xiaohong , Ke Weilin , Jie Shenqiu , Lin Shen , Lai Manlin , Zhang Linlin , Li Zhenzhou ,   Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Shenzhen Second People's Hospital, Guangdong Province, 518035, China,   Department of Ultrasonic Diagnosis, Shenzhen Second People's Hospital, Guangdong Province, 518035, China
Published: February 2022

Objective

To explore the soft ultrasound marker (USM) combined with non-invasive prenatal testing (NIPT) in diagnosing fetal chromosomal abnormalities based on machine learning and data mining techniques.

Methods

To analyze the data of ultrasonic examination from 856 cases with high-risk single pregnancy during early and middle pregnancy stage. NIPT was applied in 642 patients. All 856 patients accepted amniocentesis and chromosome karyotype analysis to determine the efficacy of USM, Down's syndrome screening, and NIPT in detecting fetal chromosomal abnormalities.

Results

Among the 856 fetuses, 129 fetuses (15.07%) with single positive USM and 36 fetuses (4.21%) with two or more positive USM. There were 81 fetuses (9.46%) with chromosomal abnormalities. In the group with multiple USM, chromosomal abnormalities were found in 36.11% of them. It was higher than the group without USM, which was 6.22% (P < 0.01), and the group with just a single USM (19.38%, P < 0.05). The sensitivity, specificity and accuracy were 96.72%, 98.45% and 98.29% when the combination of USM, Down's syndrome screening and NIPT was used to diagnose fetal chromosomal abnormalities further evaluating the accuracy and effectiveness of the above diagnostic criteria and methods with mainstream Classifiers based evaluation indicators of accuracy, f1 score, AUC.

Conclusions

The combination of USM, Down's syndrome screening and NIPT is valuable for the diagnosis of fetal chromosomal abnormalities.
Solution of a dynamical memory effect COVID-19 infection system with leaky vaccination efficacy by non-singular kernel fractional derivatives
Authors: Dhar Biplab , Gupta Praveen Kumar , Sajid Mohammad
Published: February 2022

In this paper, the recent trends of COVID-19 infection spread have been studied to explore the advantages of leaky vaccination dynamics in SEVR (Susceptible Effected Vaccinated Recovered) compartmental model with the help of Caputo-Fabrizio (CF) and Atangana-Baleanu derivative in the Caputo sense (ABC) non-singular kernel fractional derivative operators with memory effect within the model to show possible long–term approaches of the infection along with limited defensive vaccine efficacy that can be designed numerically over the closed interval ranging from 0 to 1. One of the main goals is to provide a stepping information about the usefulness of the aforementioned non-singular kernel fractional approaches for a lenient case as well as a critical case in COVID-19 infection spread. Another is to investigate the effect of death rate on state variables. The estimation of death rate for state variables with suitable vaccine efficacy has a significant role in the stability of state variables in terms of basic reproduction number that is derived using next generation matrix method, and order of the fractional derivative. For non-integral orders the pandemic modeling sense viz, CF and ABC, has been compared thoroughly. Graphical presentations together with numerical results have proposed that the methodology is powerful and accurate which can provide new speculations for COVID-19 dynamical systems.
How Communion and Agentic Beliefs Predict Technology-Supported Formal and Informal Learning
Authors: Istenic Andreja , Lebenicnik Maja
Published: February 2022

Recent pandemic circumstances facilitated a rapid shift to online learning. The home and school environments are now intertwined, so the connection of formal and informal environments is inevitable. The studies of online learning resources (OLR) use before the pandemic shed light on studies of pandemic school-home learning nexus. This paper examines the higher edu-cation situation before the pandemic. We discuss students’ use (N = 1323) of technology in learning in light of the role of educational technology, taking a socio-cultural perspective of learning in the broader context of formal and informal socio-cultural contexts and practices of interaction with humans and tools. An analysis of OLR identified three factors. The first two factors involved overlapping formal and informal learning, while the third was clearer collaboration and interaction for formal learning. The three factors were analysed using hierarchical regression to assess predictors for technolo-gy use, focussing on three factors. (1) Beliefs about learning with technolo-gy, examined within the two-dimensional structure of agency and commun-ion. (2) Self-regulated learning, which is critical for informal learning and al-so received significant attention in formal learning. Since it is claimed that teachers are not ready for integrating informal learning, we examined (3) teachers as role models as predictors of ICT use in learning. Finally, (4) since obstacles were among the primary critical factors in previous related studies, we examined whether they still have predictive power. The findings indicate that communion and agentic beliefs are the strongest predictors.
Influences of Environmental Perception on Individual Cognitive Engagement in Online Learning: The Mediating Effect of Self-Efficacy
Authors: Liu Lei , Duan Zhaolin
Published: February 2022

During online learning, complicated environmental perception factors influence the cognitive engagement of students, which is an influencing variable of learning motivation, learning outcomes, and other classroom effect indicators. In this study, the research hypotheses on the influences of the environmental perception of online learning (including students’ self-factors, teacher factors, peer factors, and technological factors) on individual cognitive engagement (deep engagement and superficial engagement) were proposed. The mediating effect of the influences of self-efficacy on individual cognitive engagement under the online learning model was estimated. Results demonstrate that the Cronbach’s α of the questionnaire used in the study is 0.891 and the KMO is 0.841. These outcomes reflect that this questionnaire has very good reliability and validity. In the online learning environment, students’ self-factors, peer factors, and technological factors can promote individual cognitive engagement significantly. Furthermore, self-efficacy develops a mediating effect in the significantly positive promotion of environmental perception on individual cognitive engagement. Cognitive engagement also changes with the duration of online learning (F=4.530, p=0.005). Moreover, the influences of majors on cognitive engagement are significant at the 0.05 level (F=2.188, p=0.047). Conclusions have important references to comprehend the influences of different environmental perception factors on individual cognitive engagement in the process of online learning and disclose how self-efficacy influences individual cognitive engagement.
Automated User Experience (UX) Testing for Mobile Application: Strengths and Limitations
Authors: Abuaddous Hayfa Y. , Saleh Ashraf Mousa , Enaizan Odai , Ghabban Fahad M , Al-Badareen Anas Bassam
Published: February 2022

User Experience (UX) evaluation has a significant importance for any interactive application. Mobile device applications have additional limitations to convey good user experiences (UX) due to the usage and features of mobile devices in ubiquitous computing contexts. There are a lot of automated tools available for evaluating, such applications particularly developed for Android and iOS. Automated UX evaluation provides a number of strengths which are able to overcome the limitations of non-automated (moderated) counterparts. Automated UX evaluation is regarded as unexplored field, especially when it is adopted for the UX evaluation of complex mobile application. Despite these, automated UX evaluation tools are unexplored and should only be used in coupling with traditional UX evaluation techniques. Hence, this study aims to discuss the literature in automated UX evaluation and to highlight the UX measurements that merit further investigation. This paper presents the most frequently used automated UX evaluation tools for mobile applications. Therefore, the study analyzes existing automated UX tools and frameworks and identifies which UX attributes and measurements of automated UX evaluation are likely to be of use in future research. Moreover, we discuss the strengths and limitations of automated UX evaluation methods for mobile applications. Finally, the paper provides an overview of automated UX evaluation techniques and tools. It also presents the strengths and limitations for comparing various evaluation methods.
Machine Learning in Cyber Physical Systems for Healthcare
Authors: Ramasamy Jayaraj , Doshi Ruchi
Published: February 2022

Brain tumors are prevalent and aggressive disease, with a relatively short life expectancy in their most severe form. Thus, treatment planning is an important element in improving patient quality of life. In general, image techniques such as computed tomography (CT), magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), and ultrasound imaging are used to examine tumors in the brain, lung, liver, and breast. MRI scans are used in this study to diagnose brain tumors. As a result, a reliable and automated classification technique is required to prevent death. Automatic brain tumor detection using convolutional neural networks (CNN) classification is proposed in this chapter. Small kernels are used to conduct the deeper architectural design. In machine learning, brain tumor classification is done by using a binary classifier to detect brain tumors from MRI scan images. In this chapter, transfer learning is used to build the classifier, achieving a good accuracy and visualizing the model's overall performance.
Human-elephant conflict: challenges in agriculture Sector in Polonnaruwa district; A study based on literature review
Authors: Sajla J. S. Fathima , Famees M. F.
Published: February 2022

Human-elephant conflict is a major challenge to support the survivors and survival of elephants in tropical countries. Elephant-human conflicts occur when it comes to farmland and chena plantations scattered over a large area. In addition, we can say that the elephant population has decreased significantly due to human-elephant conflicts in the last few decades. The North Central Province of Sri Lanka has been designated as a high-risk area with 42% incidents. This study is based on the Polonnaruwa district, to identify the nature of the human-elephant conflict. In addition, the current elephant-human conflict challenges in agriculture and farming and the search for causes of elephant deaths have been reviewed. Primary and secondary sources were used to systematically review the concepts of the elephant-human conflict and the identified features related to agriculture, farming, and the challenges faced by elephants. Causes of elephant-human conflict, crop damage, property damage, human death, and other damages have been discussed. The theme of the review is local measures taken by farmers to reduce conflicts, government measures low compensation methods for victims, use of bio fences, and use of electric fences. The elephant-human conflict has become a major socio-environmental issue in Sri Lanka. Although human-elephant conflict can be eliminated through inter-cooperation, methodological research has recommended the implementation of the challenges of minimizing human-elephant conflict in the Polonnaruwa district.
Exercise-mediated reinnervation of skeletal muscle in elderly people: An update
Authors: Coletti Claudia , Acosta Gilberto F. , Keslacy Stefan , Coletti Dario
Published: February 2022

Sarcopenia is defined by the loss of muscle mass and function. In aging sarcopenia is due to mild chronic inflammation but also to fiber-intrinsic defects, such as mitochondrial dysfunction. Age-related sarcopenia is associated with physical disability and lowered quality of life. In addition to skeletal muscle, the nervous tissue is also affected in elderly people. With aging, type 2 fast fibers preferentially undergo denervation and are reinnervated by slow-twitch motor neurons. They spread forming new neuro-muscular junctions with the denervated fibers: the result is an increased proportion of slow fibers that group together since they are associated in the same motor unit. Grouping and fiber type shifting are indeed major histological features of aging skeletal muscle. Exercise has been proposed as an intervention for age-related sarcopenia due to its numerous beneficial effects on muscle mechanical and biochemical features. In 2013, a precursor study in humans was published in the European Journal of Translation Myology (formerly known as Basic and Applied Myology), highlighting the occurrence of reinnervation in the musculature of aged, exercise-trained individuals as compared to the matching control. This paper, entitled «Reinnervation of Vastus lateralis is increased significantly in seniors (70-years old) with a lifelong history of high-level exercise», is now being reprinted for the second issue of the «Ejtm Seminal Paper Series». In this short review we discuss those results in the light of the most recent advances confirming the occurrence of exercise-mediated reinnervation, ultimately preserving muscle structure and function in elderly people who exercise.
EFFICACY AND SAFETY OF SINOPHARM VACCINE FOR SARS-COV-2 AND BREAKTHROUGH INFECTIONS IN IRANIAN PATIENTS WITH HEMOGLOBINOPATHIES: A PRELIMINARY REPORT
Authors: Karimi Mehran , Zarei Tahereh , Haghpanah Sezaneh , Azarkeiva Azita , Naderi Maryam , Matin Sara , Bazrafshan Asghar , Zahedi Zohreh , Shirkavand Afshan , Pishdad Parisa , De Sanctis Vincenzo
Published: February 2022

Background:  The ongoing COVID-19 pandemic, caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), has led to high morbidity and mortality worldwide. Vaccination against SARS-CoV-2 is a leading strategy to change the course of the COVID-19 pandemic.

Aims of study: Our aim was to investigate the efficacy and side effects of Sinopharm vaccine in patients with hemoglobinopathies in Iran, and the frequency of breakthrough infection after a full   course of vaccination.

Methods: A multicenter cross-sectional study of 434 patients with hemoglobinopathies (303 β-thalassemia major, 118 β-thalassemia intermedia, and 13 sickle-thalassemia) were conducted from March to July 2021 in IRAN. All patients have received the first dose of China Sinopharm vaccine and received the second dose of the vaccine 28 days apart.

Antibody testing: Detection of immunity after vaccination was evaluated by commercial enzyme-

linked immunosorbent assay (Pishtazteb ELISA commercial kit), including a surrogate virus

neutralization test (sVNT), for detection of SARS-CoV-2 immunoglobulins (IgA, IgM, IgG), total neutralizing antibody (NAb).

Results: The mean age of patients was 35.0± 8.5 (from 18 to 70) years and 55.6% were positive for antibody. Overall, 48.2% of the studied population had at least one side effect after vaccination. The most frequent side effects were fever and chills, dizziness, and body pain. A total of 90 (20.7%) vaccinated patients developed breakthrough infections after full Sinopharm vaccination. Disease severity was recorded, and it was classified as mild in 77.8%, moderate in 13.6%, and severe in 7.4% of patients. One 28-year-old woman with β- thalassemia major died eight days after the diagnosis of breakthrough SARS-CoV-2 infection.

Discussion: No safety concerns were identified in patients who received two doses of Sinopharm vaccine. Its efficacy was not optimal which might be due to lack of its effect on new variations of virus. However, our data show that it can prevent from severity of COVID-19 infection in patients with hemoglobinopathies. The frequency of breakthrough infections after full Sinopharm vaccination support the evolving dynamic of SARS-CoV-2 variants requiring special challenge, since such infection may represent a risk for vulnerable patients.
Professional Master's Athletic Training Students' Career Influences Part II: Short-Term and Long-Term Career Intentions
Authors: Nokes Ryan D. , Pitney William A. , Nottingham Sara , Bowman Thomas G.
Published: February 2022

Context

As athletic training education continues to evolve to a professional master's degree, understanding the career intentions of students preparing to graduate from professional master's programs is essential.

Objective

To examine the career intentions of second-year professional master's athletic training students and identify the factors that influence their intentions.

Design

Convergent mixed methods.

Setting

Online surveys and individual phone interviews.

Patients or Other Participants

A total of 80 second-year professional master's students (63 women, 13 men, 4 no response, age = 24.63 ± 2.29 years) who were enrolled in the final semester of their program in spring 2019 participated in the online survey. Ten survey respondents participated in follow-up phone interviews.

Data Collection and Analysis

An online survey was designed and administered to answer the research questions. Semistructured phone interviews were conducted as a follow-up to the survey to gain further insight into the research questions. The data from the survey and interviews were woven together and merged to provide a comprehensive display of results. Triangulation, member checks, memos, and peer debriefing were completed for trustworthiness.

Results

Two higher-order themes emerged from the data: career progression and factors influencing career intentions. We identified 3 lower-order themes for career progression: short-term career plans, concerns over lack of experience, and long-term career plans. Two lower-order themes were identified for factors influencing career intentions: clinical experience and mentorship.

Conclusions

Second-year professional master's athletic training students have short-term and long-term career plans. Their career intentions were influenced by past clinical experiences and the mentorship received from their clinical preceptors and faculty members during their professional education. Unfortunately, many students were having difficulty obtaining positions after graduation due to a lack of professional experience. As a result, some turned to internship or residency positions to gain experience.
Effectiveness of Multimodal Intervention to Improve Blood Culture Collection in the Emergency Department
Authors: Shaji Rosemary , Madigubba Haritha , Priyadarshi Ketan , Anandh P , Nathan Balamurugan , Vivekanandan M , Sastry Apurba Sankar
Published: February 2022

Introduction:

The blood culture (BC) contamination was a significant problem in our hospital, especially in the emergency department (ED). The study, therefore, was undertaken to improve the BC collection in the ED.

Methods:

The study was conducted for 1 year divided into two phases of 6 months each: Preintervention phase and intervention phase (regular and phlebotomist groups). The interventions comprised implementing standard protocol for BC collection and conducting educational sessions. In preintervention and regular groups, the BCs were collected by interns and technicians, while dedicated phlebotomist did so in the phlebotomist group. Data were analyzed and interpreted for the contamination rate as well as compliance in adequate filling of the requisition form. Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (SPSS) version 22. A value of P < 0.005 was considered statistically significant, and P < 0.01 was considered statistically significant.

Results:

In the preintervention group, 13.7% of specimens were reported as contaminated which was reduced to 4.2% and 3.2% in the regular and phlebotomist group, respectively, after intervention. Compliance of health-care workers to various elements of BC collection protocol was also found to be significantly improved in the intervention phase compared to the preintervention phase (P < 0.001).

Conclusions:

Implementation of this multimodal intervention resulted in a drastic reduction in BC contamination and improvement in compliance to BC collection protocol and filling of various parameters in the BC requisition form, thus improving the overall effectiveness of BC testing. It was also noted that the contamination rate was further reduced by implementing dedicated phlebotomist.
Clinicopathological Spectrum and Response Pattern of Adolescent-onset Idiopathic Nephrotic Syndrome
Authors: Roy Ranjit Ranjan , Tonny Rummana Tazia , Akbar Romana , Sultana Nadira , Ali Asif , Ray Ashish Kumar , Sharmim Shanjida , Mamun Abdullah Al , Jesmin Tahmina , Huque Syed Saimul , Uddin Golam Muin , Begum Afroza
Published: February 2022

Background:

There is a scarcity of published data regarding the clinical and pathological pattern of idiopathic nephrotic syndrome in adolescents in our country.

Materials and methods:

A retrospective analytical study was undertaken on 550 children with idiopathic nephrotic syndrome admitted to Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujib Medical University from January 2019 to July 2021. Data regarding clinical and laboratory parameters, current clinical status of the patients and their steroid responsiveness, complications, types of histopathological lesions, and treatment profile were retrieved from departmental automation. These parameters of the patients whose disease onset between 1 and <10 years of age (Group A) were compared to the same parameters of those with onset of disease between 10 and 18 years (Group B).

Results:

We found that hypertension, hematuria, and azotemia were more prevalent in childhood group than adolescent group. IFRNS was the most common disease course in Group B (56.2%) and more of them were currently on remission (80%). SRNS was more common in Group A (16.7%) and more of them were on relapse (76.16%) currently during the last follow-up. Precipitating factors such as infection and asthma were more in younger children. The rate of complication was more in childhood group in comparison to adolescent group. On renal biopsy specimen, minimal change disease (MCD) was the most common histological lesion in adolescent group (24.86%) compared to childhood group (16.16%). Adolescents (Group B) required less amount of second- and third-line immunosuppressive drugs than younger children (Group A).

Conclusions:

The overall clinical and histological condition was more favorable in adolescent group in comparison to childhood group in our setup. These findings necessitate larger prospective study in the future for further validation of this observation.
Andrographolide Protects Retinal Ganglion Cells in Rats with Glaucoma by Regulating the Bcl-2/Bax/caspase-3 Signaling Pathway
Authors: Li Jun , Lu Jing , Chen Guang , Li Dan
Published: February 2022

Objective:

The aim is to investigate the protective effect of andrographolide (AP) on retinal ganglion cells (RGC) in rats with glaucoma and its mechanism.

Methods:

ninety-six adult male Wistar rats were randomly divided into normal control (NC) group, chronic ocular hypertension (CHOT) group, vehicle group, and AP group. The density of RGCs and the number of apoptotic cells in retinal slices were evaluated, and the function of RGC was evaluated by photopic negative wave response (PhNR). The expression of Bcl-2, Bax, and caspase-3 in the retina was detected.

Results:

(1) The density of RGC in the CHOT and vehicle groups were significantly lower than that in the NC and AP (P < 0.01). After AP intervention, the RGC density of the rats significantly increased (P < 0.01). The ganglion cell layer (GCL) of the CHOT and vehicle groups was obviously thinner, and the thickness of the GCL was partially restored in the AP group. (2) A large number of terminal deoxytransferase mediated dUTP nick end labeling (TUNEL) positive cells were found in the GCL of the CHOT and vehicle groups, but only a few TUNEL positive cells were found in the AP group. The percentage of TUNEL positive cells was 8.80 ± 4.97%, 37.00 ± 5.27%, 46.16 ± 6.50%, and 22.29 ± 3.52% for groups NC, CHOT, vehicle, and AP, respectively. (3) At 2 weeks, the amplitude of PhNR in the CHOT and vehicle groups decreased by 63.22 ± 13.89% and 57.88 ± 6.95%, respectively. The amplitude of PhNR in the AP group was only 22.56 ± 6.44% lower than that in the NC group. The AP intervention significantly reduced the decrease of the PhNR amplitude in CHOT eyes. (4) Compared with the NC group, the expression of anti-apoptotic protein Bcl-2 was decreased in the CHOT and vehicle groups, and the expression of the pro-apoptotic protein Bax and caspase-3 significantly increased in the CHOT and vehicle groups, which could be reversed by AP treatment. The trend of the reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction was consistent with that of the western blot analysis.

Conclusion:

The protective effect of caspase-3/Bcl-2 may be achieved through the regulation of the Caspase-3/Bcl-2 pathway in the rat retina.
О числе частиц из отмеченного множества ячеек в обобщенной схеме размещения
Authors: Chuprunov Alexej Nikolaevich
Published: February 2022

В обобщенной схеме размещения $n$ частиц по $N$ ячейкам рассматривается случайная величина $\eta_{n,N}(K)$ - число частиц, которые попали в ячейки заданного множества, состоящего из $K$ ячеек. Показано, что если $n, K, N\to\infty$, то при одних условиях случайные величины $\eta_{n,N}(K)$ асимптотически нормальны, а при других условиях случайные величины $\eta_{n,N}(K)$ сходятся по распределению к пуассоновской случайной величине. В случае, когда $N\to\infty$, а $n$ фиксировано, указаны условия, при которых случайные величины $\eta_{n,N}(K)$ сходятся по распределению к биномиальной случайной величине с параметрами $n$ и $s=\frac{K}{N}$, $0<K<N$, умноженной на целочисленный коэффициент. Показано, что если для обобщенной схемы размещения $n$ частиц по $N$ ячейкам со случайными величинами, имеющими распределение степенного ряда, определенное функцией $B(\beta)=\ln(1-\beta)$, выполняются условия $n,N,K\to\infty$, $\frac{K}{N}\to s$, $N=\gamma\ln(n)+o(\ln(n))$, где $0< s<1$, $0<\gamma<\infty$, то распределения случайных величин $\frac{\eta_{n,N}(K)}{n}$ сходятся к бета-распределению с параметрами $s\gamma$, $(1-s)\gamma$.
Об отсутствии глобальных решений системы обыкновенных дифференциальных уравнений
Authors: Kon'kov Andrej Alexandrovich
Published: February 2022

Найдены условия отсутствия глобальных решений системы нелинейных обыкновенных дифференциальных уравнений. Приведены примеры, показывающие точность этих условий.
Библиография: 12 названий.
Cryopreserved Sporozoites with and without the Glycolipid Adjuvant 7DW8-5 Protect in Prime-and-Trap Malaria Vaccination
Authors: Watson Felicia N. , Shears Melanie J. , Matsubara Jokichi , Kalata Anya C. , Seilie Annette M. , Cruz Talavera Irene , Olsen Tayla M. , Tsuji Moriya , Chakravarty Sumana , Sim B. Kim Lee , Hoffman Stephen L. , Murphy Sean C.
Published: February 2022

Repeated intravenous (IV) administration of radiation-attenuated sporozoite (RAS) vaccines induces Plasmodium-specific CD8+ liver-resident memory T (Trm) cells in mice and achieves sterile protection against challenge. Our heterologous “prime-and-trap” vaccine strategy was previously shown to simplify and improve upon RAS vaccination. Prime-and-trap vaccination combines epidermal priming by DNA-encoded circumsporozoite protein (CSP) antigen followed by a single IV dose of freshly dissected RAS (fresh-RAS) to direct and trap activated and expanding CD8+ T cells in the liver. Prime-and-trap vaccination protects mice against wild-type sporozoite (spz) challenge. Assessment of prime-and-trap vaccines in nonhuman primate (NHP) models and/or humans would be greatly enabled if fresh-RAS could be replaced by cryopreserved RAS (cryo-RAS). Here, we investigated if fresh-RAS could be replaced with cryo-RAS for prime-and-trap vaccination in BALB/cj mice. Despite a reduction in spz vaccine liver burden following cryo-RAS administration compared with fresh-RAS, cryo-RAS induced a similar level of Plasmodium yoelii (Py) CSP-specific CD8+ liver Trm cells and completely protected mice against Py spz challenge 112 days after vaccination. Additionally, when the glycolipid adjuvant 7DW8-5 was co-administered with cryo-RAS, 7DW8-5 permitted the dose of cryo-RAS to be reduced four-fold while still achieving high rates of sterile protection. In summary, cryo-RAS with and without 7DW8-5 were compatible with prime-and-trap malaria vaccination in a mouse model, which may accelerate the pathway for this vaccine strategy to move to NHPs and humans.
Unsettled Topics in the General Aviation Autonomy Landscape
Authors:   AMD Consulting, Dietrich Anna Mracek
Published: February 2022

The extent of automation and autonomy used in general aviation (GA) has been accelerating dramatically. This has huge potential benefits for safety given that 75% of accidents in personal and on-demand GA are due to pilot error. However, an approach to certifying autonomous systems that relies on reversionary modes limits their potential to improve safety. Placing a human pilot in a situation where they are suddenly tasked with flying an airplane in a failed situation, often without sufficient situational awareness, is overly demanding. This, coupled with advancing technology that may not align with a deterministic certification paradigm, creates an opportunity for new approaches to certifying autonomous and highly automated aircraft systems. Unsettled Topics in the General Aviation Autonomy Landscape discusses how these new approaches must account for the multifaceted aviation approach to risk management which has interlocking requirements for airworthiness and operations (including training and airspace integration). If implemented properly, autonomy can take GA safety to the next level while simultaneously increasing the number and variety of aircraft and transportation options they provide.
Assessment of multidimensional poverty in Zone A agricultural development project area of Kogi State, Nigeria
Authors: Opaluwa H.I. , Opeyemi G. , Danjuma S. , Adeyemi M.
Published: February 2022

Poverty has remained a multidimensional problem, yet it has traditionally been measured in empirical studies with income. This often times fail to account for other dimensions of deprivations experienced by rural dwellers. This study assessed Multidimensional poverty in Zone A area of Kogi State Agricultural Development Project, Nigeria. The data for the study were drawn from household survey conducted in 2019/2020 farming season through the use of structured questionnaire. A multi-staged random sampling technique was used to draw the sample. A total sample of 120 respondents was used. The study utilized both descriptive and inferential statistics which include the use of frequency, percentages, FGT methodologies to assess the extent of multidimensional poverty and regression analyses to assess the determinants of multidimensional poverty in the study area. The result of the study showed that 84.16% of the sampled households were non-poor while 15.84% were poor. The result of the study also reveals that the intensity of poverty (A) was 0.366 and the multidimensional poverty index was 0.058 while Sanitation, Education and Household assets contributed most to the incidence and severity of multidimensional poverty among the households respectively. The major determinants of multidimensional poverty across the various constructs of deprivation include Age, household size, membership of cooperative/association and farming experience. The study concluded that poverty alleviation efforts should go beyond using income approach alone, rather other dimensions of deprivations should be given attention. The study recommends that socioeconomic factors should be considered in the design and implementations of poverty programs.
Prevalence, Biofilm Formation, and Antimicrobial Resistance of Escherichia coli, Staphylococcus aureus, and Salmonella Isolates from Goat Meat Marketed in Petrolina, Brazil
Authors:   Dept. of Veterinary Sciences in Semiarid, Universidade Federal do Vale do São Francisco, Petrolina, Pernambuco, 56300-990, Brazil, Torres de Souza Rodrigues Rafael
Published: February 2022

The aim of this study was to evaluate the prevalence and antibacterial resistance and biofilm formation by bacterial strains isolated from raw goat meat sold in street fairs (SF) and commercial establishments (CE) in Petrolina, Pernambuco, Brazil. SF samples had mesophilic aerobic bacteria counts of 3.71 to 7.57 log CFU/g, S. aureus counts of 1.78 to 5.38 log CFU/g, total coliform counts of 2.3 × 101 to >1.1 × 103 most probable number (MPN)/g, thermotolerant coliform counts of <3.0 to >1.1 × 103 MPN/g, and Escherichia coli counts of <3.0 to >1.1 × 103 MPN/g. CE samples had mesophilic aerobic bacteria counts of 2.90 to 6.00 CFU/g, S. aureus counts of 2.00 to 4.49 log CFU/g, total coliform counts of 2.3 × 101 to >1.1 × 103 MPN/g, thermotolerant coliform counts of 3.0 to >1.1 × 103 MPN/g, and E. coli counts of <3.0 to >1.1 × 103 MPN/g. Salmonella was detected in 25% of SF and CE samples. All isolates of S. aureus and Salmonella and 95.6% of E. coli isolates were biofilm producers. Resistance to multiple drugs was found in isolates of Salmonella, E. coli, and S. aureus from SF and CE samples. Goat meat marketed in Petrolina is heavily contaminated with pathogenic bacteria resistant to multiple drugs and capable of biofilm formation.
On the Visibility and Agency of Migrant Children in the Contemporary World. Educational Issues and Challenges
Authors: Slany Krystyna , Ślusarczyk Magdalena , Struzik Justyna , Warat Marta
Published: February 2022

The presented article focuses on two main objectives. On the one hand, it presents the complex and multifaceted issues of migrant children’s education from a theoretical perspective, which have a significant impact on the course of their integration process, their quality of life and their chances of a better future in the country of migration. We draw attention to the importance of migrant children from the perspective of a child-centred approach, which emphasises children’s agency and subjectivity, the importance of their voice, their experiences, as well as the mission of the school and the roles of the professionals (teachers, cultural mediators, social workers) working with them and influencing their integration success. We show the school as a space that is not only institutional, formal and oriented towards intercultural education, but also a relational space in which informal processes take place to shape the future of children, dependent on significant others but also on the educational system. On the other hand we refer mainly to the contribution of the research project Children Hybrid Identity (CHILD-UP) to formulate theoretical explanations about the visibility of migrant children, their agency in school, and to uncover empirical findings about their achievements, barriers, challenges. Although these are in various locations, in different schools and educational programmes, they nevertheless bring about changes in the structure of a class and the occurrence of important processes due to their ethnic and national, cultural, religious, and language context.
Studying Hybrid Identities in Schools: Notes on a European Project
Authors: Baraldi Claudio
Published: February 2022

This paper introduces CHILD-UP (Children Hybrid Integration: Learning Dialogue as a way of Upgrading Policies of Participation), a Horizon 2020 project (Grant Agreement No 822400) which started in January 2019. CHILD-UP deals with the integration of children with migrant background in seven European countries. The project is based on the concepts of migrant children’s agency and hybrid identities in relation to the education system. CHILD-UP project recognises migrant children’s agency as children’s active participation enhanced through the availability of choices of action, which subsequently enhance alternative actions, and therefore change in the interaction. Education can improve the potential of migrant children’s agency in order to change the social conditions of their lives. The concept of agency works in conjunction with non-essentialist theories of culture, denying the existence of permanent membership of cultural groups and conceiving cultural identity as hybrid, i.e. as a contingent product of social negotiation in both public discourse and interaction. In this anti-essentialist perspective, education is the setting for sharing personal cultural trajectories. CHILD-UP analyses the types of intervention that can improve the potential of agency and enhance the hybrid identities of migrant children.
The Yin-Yang Relationship Between Essentialist and Non-essentialist Discourses Related to the Participation of Children of Migrants, and Its Implication for How to Research
Authors: Amadasi Sara , Holliday Adrian
Published: February 2022

There is a complex relationship between the essentialist and non-essentialist discourses that respectively fail to and succeed in recognising the potential for participation which the children of migrants bring with them into new cultural settings. These competing discourses curl around each other within the structures of educational settings and within all the people involved, including the children themselves. A yin-yang framework helps us to see the nature of this entwined relationship and the hybridity which is the key to untangling it. It helps researchers to understand that getting to the bottom of what is going on is not straightforward and requires that they reassess who they are and how they should proceed. Sometimes it takes unusual and unexpected circumstances, such as those brought about by the emergency of the COVID-19 pandemic to shake their thinking-as-usual and to see the unexpected.
Between Marginalisation and Agency. Primary School Teachers’ Narratives in London and the Position of Children with Migrant Backgrounds
Authors: Farini Federico , Scollan Angela
Published: February 2022

Based on qualitative interviews with primary school teachers in Greater London, this article explores teachers’ narratives to uncover how children with migrant backgrounds (CMB) are positioned in the contexts of their learning experience. In particular, the article utilises the analytical category of trust to argue that the position of CMB in teachers’ narratives is related to the form of teachers’ trust. When trust is based on categorical inequalities, CMB are often considered untrustworthy partners construction of the learning and teaching experience. Trust based on categorical inequalities becomes a form of trust in distrust and CMB are positioned in the children’s needs paradigm where decision-making is reserved to teachers who act for them and on their behalf. When trust is based on personal relationships, CMB are positioned as agents who are capable to voice their interests, bringing about consequential changes in the contexts of their experiences. CMB are positioned in the children’s interests paradigm, where agency is expected and promoted as a right of children who are socially constructed as agents who can make a difference with their choices.
Social Capital and Agency in the Peer Socialization Strategies of Migrant Children in Poland
Authors: Popyk Anzhela
Published: February 2022

The transnational transitions of migrant children are complex, mobility-affected processes during which they mediate between various social fields. Their attachment to these fields is often determined by different socialization agents, among which great attention should be paid to peers and friends. Peers not only introduce a new culture and society to migrant children but also affect the young migrants’ motivation, formation of identity, and group socialization. This study adopts the theory of social capital and agency, defined by Putnam, to explore migrant children’s peer socialization strategies. It draws on qualitative research with migrant children in Poland aged 8–13, their parents, and their teachers, and is based on a child-centered approach. The findings present three main ways in which migrant children exercise their own agency to build social capital by maintaining ethnic/non-ethnic ties in the receiving country. The age, gender, and ethnic differences that appear in the application of peer socialization strategies are also revealed.
School Staff Experiences of Intercultural Teaching in Kraków – A Contribution to the Discussion on Integration Practices
Authors: Kościółek Jakub
Published: February 2022

The article is devoted to an evaluation of school staff teaching and education experiences in an intercultural environment. A part of the MiCREATE project is presented, consisting of forty four interviews and six focus group interviews with thirty-seven teachers and other school staff from educational institutions across Poland, and more consistently in Krakow. A brief overview of the findings is presented, focused on contemporary shortcomings in diversity teaching, opportunities to enhance intercultural perspectives in education and child-centered approach. The findings are then compared with past and other existing studies to identify similarities and differences. This will be helpful in planning further research activities and shaping intercultural policy in Polish education.
Polish Educational System Response Towards Immigrant Children’s Presence at Public Schools
Authors: Gmaj Katarzyna
Published: February 2022

Since 2001, when the Ministry of Education started to collect data on foreigners attending Polish public primary and secondary schools, their number has increased by tenfold, reaching 42 000 in the school year 2019/2020. The article demonstrates how the Polish educational system has responded to immigrant children’s presence. First, it presents instruments targeted at children with migration experience, which Polish authorities have over the years implemented into law regulating schooling. The second part of the article provides an overview of research on the situation of children with migrant experience learning in public schools. The conclusion is not optimistic: Poland did not have and still does not have a strategic vision of national educational policy encompassing such pupils.