ИНСТИТУЦИОНАЛЬНЫЕ АСПЕКТЫ ПРЕДПРИНИМАТЕЛЬСКОЙ ДЕЯТЕЛЬНОСТИ В СТРОИТЕЛЬСТВЕ
Authors: Юденко М.Н. 
Published: February 2025

В статье показана существующая проблема наличия неэффективных норм, их стабильность и негативное воздействие на государство и бизнес. Определена цель исследования, опосредованная через выявление факторов, влияющих на возникновение институциональных ловушек в бизнесе. Предложен метод исследования, который основывается на качественном анализе поведения предпринимательских структур и социальных институтов.Выявлены механизмы влияния институциональных ловушек на деятельность предпринимателя. Исследованы примеры модельного построения институциональных ловушек на примере ВЭД «Строительство».

The existence and prosperity of a many year problem that affects the development of entrepreneurial activity makes it important to study it. This problem is the institutional traps. Despite the desire of the state to form the effective norms that should promote the development of entrepreneurship, the ongoing reforms are not always consistent and effective. The goal of the study is to identify the factors that influence the emergence of institutional traps in business activity. The considered in the paper tasks made it possible to fill in the missing explanations of the emergence of institutional traps and violation of the institutional equilibrium in the construction sector. The taskscovered the following issues: identification of the reasons for the suppression of the formal norm by the informal norm, analysis of the mechanisms of influence of social institutions on business, study of examples of simulative construction of institutional traps and violation of the institutional equilibrium in construction, search for the necessary measures to accelerate the start of a period of effective interaction between the state and business intermediated through social institutions. The research method is based on a qualitative analysis of the behavior of business structures and social institutions (formal and informal norms), realities and facts of their interaction that can be observed. Results. The mechanisms of influence of social institutions on business that serve as an argument for the emergence of institutional traps are identified. The experience, facts and arguments of scientists-institutionalists are studied from theoretical approaches to the definition of institutional traps and to the ideas of their simulation. The examples of the simulative construction of the institutional trap in the construction sector are given. Thus, for example, there is a description of the institutional traps that have a stable existence in the construction sector: presence of "unaccounted" salaries, significant number of unfinished construction projects financed from the state budget, non-payments that also tend to be sustainable. The author concluded that the trend of stability of informal norms in construction would be resulted in the decline of living standard of workers, increase of financial insolvency of business organizations, conditions for the functioning of business would not be able to improve. This will happen not due to random circumstances, but due to the logic of institutional disequilibrium. Moreover, the emergence of institutional traps seriously affects business development and is an obstacle to economic development in Russia.