bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Evaluación productiva de novillos cebú cruzados con razas criollas BON y Romo en el Piedemonte llanero
Authors: Velásquez-Mosquera Juan Carlos , Navas-Panadero Alexander
Published: May 2021

Los cruces de razas cebuinas con criollas pueden ser una alternativa para incrementar la eficiencia de la producción de carne. El objetivo de este estudio fue determinar el desempeño productivo de novillos brahman, cruzados con romosinuano y blanco orejinegro. La investigación se desarrolló en finca San Miguel, ubicada en el municipio de Paratebueno (Cundinamarca). Se evaluó un grupo de novillos contemporáneos brahman, brahman x romosinuano y brahman x blanco orejinegro, que permanecieron juntos en potreros de Brachiaria sp. bajo pastoreo continuo durante un año. Se estimó la ganancia de peso, la producción y calidad de forraje, se midió la temperatura, humedad relativa y pluviosidad, y se determinó el índice de temperatura-humedad. Se utilizó un diseño completamente al azar, y se implementó estadística descriptiva y análisis de varianza, para lo cual se utilizó el programa Infostat®. Se presentaron diferencias en la ganancia de peso entre grupos durante el periodo de mayor precipitación (p = 0,013), siendo mayor en brahman x romosinuano, y en el periodo de menor precipitación (p = 0,002), tuvo menor desempeño el cruce brahman x blanco orejinegro. Asimismo, se presentaron diferencias en la producción de forraje (p = 0,0017) y en la calidad nutricional de la pastura, siendo mejor en la época de mayor precipitación. Durante el estudio, el índice de temperatura-humedad estuvo por encima de 82, lo que muestra condiciones de estrés calórico en los animales. Bajo las condiciones agroecológicas de la zona de estudio, el cruce brahman x romosinuano es una alternativa para mejorar los sistemas de producción de carne en el Piedemonte llanero
Lorentzian SRT Transformation Factors as Solutions of Oscillation-Equations
Authors: Döring Holger
Published: May 2021

Abstract:Shown is the derivation of Lorentz-Einstein k-factor in SRT as an amplitude-term of oscillation-differential equations of second order.This case is shown for classical Lorentz-factor as solution of an equation for undamped oscillation as well as the developed theorem as a second solution for advanced SRT of fourth order with an equation for damped oscillation-states.This advanced term allows a calculation for any velocities by real rest mass
A Multi-Level System of Performance Evaluation Using Diagnosis-Related Groups for Cost Containment
Authors: Lin Shuguang , Rouse Paul , Zhang Fan , Wang Ying-Ming
Published: May 2021

This study aims to develop a performance evaluation system that can facilitate performance evaluation at region, hospital, and department levels to enable better cost management for sustainable development. A multi-level system of performance evaluation informs a hierarchical assessment of cost management from regions to hospitals to departments using diagnosis-related group (DRGs). Various metrics are developed employing the variances between targets and actuals where targets are determined from two perspectives: benchmarking using external regional prices and change management using internal data. Targets for the latter are statistically based and specifically incorporate variability. The model is applied to two hospitals, twenty departments, nine DRGs and 1071 inpatients. The analyses indicate that the approach can provide a practical evaluation tool that allows for particular characteristics at multiple levels. The system provides macro-micro and external-internal perspectives in performance, enabling high-level variances to be decomposed thereby identifying sources of performance variability and financial impact.
Assessing Point Forecast Bias Across Multiple Time Series: Measures and Visual Tools
Authors: Davydenko Andrey , Goodwin Paul
Published: May 2021

Measuring bias is important as it helps identify flaws in quantitative forecasting methods or judgmental forecasts. It can, therefore, potentially help improve forecasts. Despite this, bias tends to be under-represented in the literature: many studies focus solely on measuring accuracy. Methods for assessing bias in single series are relatively well-known and well-researched, but for datasets containing thousands of observations for multiple series, the methodology for measuring and reporting bias is less obvious. We compare alternative approaches against a number of criteria when rolling-origin point forecasts are available for different forecasting methods and for multiple horizons over multiple series. We focus on relatively simple, yet interpretable and easy-to-implement metrics and visualization tools that are likely to be applicable in practice. To study the statistical properties of alternative measures we use theoretical concepts and simulation experiments based on artificial data with predetermined features. We describe the difference between mean and median bias, describe the connection between metrics for accuracy and bias, provide suitable bias measures depending on the loss function used to optimise forecasts, and suggest which measures for accuracy should be used to accompany bias indicators. We propose several new measures and provide our recommendations on how to evaluate forecast bias across multiple series.
Deep Learning and Conventional Machine Learning for Image-Based in-Situ Fault Detection During Laser Welding: A Comparative Study
Authors: Knaak Christian , Kröger Moritz , Schulze Frederic , Abels Peter , Gillner Arnold
Published: May 2021

An effective process monitoring strategy is a requirement for meeting the challenges posed by increasingly complex products and manufacturing processes. To address these needs, this study investigates a comprehensive scheme based on classical machine learning methods, deep learning algorithms, and feature extraction and selection techniques. In a first step, a novel deep learning architecture based on convolutional neural networks (CNN) and gated recurrent units (GRU) is introduced to predict the local weld quality based on mid-wave infrared (MWIR) and near-infrared (NIR) image data. The developed technology is used to discover critical welding defects including lack of fusion (false friends), sagging and lack of penetration, and geometric deviations of the weld seam. Additional work is conducted to investigate the significance of various geometrical, statistical, and spatio-temporal features extracted from the keyhole and weld pool regions. Furthermore, the performance of the proposed deep learning architecture is compared to that of classical supervised machine learning algorithms, such as multi-layer perceptron (MLP), logistic regression (LogReg), support vector machines (SVM), decision trees (DT), random forest (RF) and k-Nearest Neighbors (kNN). Optimal hyperparameters for each algorithm are determined by an extensive grid search. Ultimately, the three best classification models are combined into an ensemble classifier that yields the highest detection rates and achieves the most robust estimation of welding defects among all classifiers studied, which is validated on previously unknown welding trials.
Juegos acuáticos con diversidad funcional
Authors:   Universidad de Évora, Matías Ana Rita
Published: May 2021

Esta obra constitui uma ferramenta fundamental para todos os profissionais que trabalham em meio aquático, com pessoas com diversidade funcional. Baseado numa adaptação do Método Acuático Compreensivo (Moreno-Murcia y Ruiz, 2019), os autores disponibilizam um número significativo de atividades (145), numa vertente lúdica, por entenderem que esta constitui um meio facilitador de aprendizagem.
Humidifier disinfectant, sodium dichloroisocyanurate (NaDCC): Assessment of respiratory effects to protect workers’ health
Authors: Seo DongSeok , Jo JiMin
Published: May 2021

Biocides are used to control and remove all harmful organisms. In South Korea, they are used in humidifier disinfectants and have been found to cause lung disease in users. Hence, efforts have been focused on studying the toxicity of biocides in workers who handle them. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effects of inhalation exposure to sodium dichloroisocyanurate (NaDCC) to protect the health of workers handling NaDCC. F344 rats were exposed to 0.8-, 4-, and 20-mg/m3 of NaDCC for 6 hours per day, 5 days per week for 14 days, and the recovery period after exposure was 14 days.In the 20-mg/m3 exposure group, we observed a decrease in food intake in females, a weight loss in males, and a decrease in partially active thromboplastin time in males and females 2 weeks after exposure. We noted a decrease in white blood cells in males in the 4- and 20-mg/m3 exposed groups. Both males and females in the 20-mg/m3 group and males in the 4-mg/m3 group showed irritation in the larynx related to test substance exposure. However, these findings were not observed in the recovery group. The main target organs affected by repeated 2-week inhalation exposure to NaDCC were the nasal cavity and larynx in the upper respiratory tract. The No Observed Adverse Effect Level (NOAEL) was considered to be 0.8 mg/m3 because the effects related to exposure of NaDCC were observed even at of 4 mg/m3. In addition, these effects were found to be reversible.
Seismic Behaviour of Piles in Non-Liquefiable and Liquefiable Soil
Authors: Hussein Fouad , Naggar Hesham El
Published: May 2021

This paper investigates the nonlinear soil-pile-structure interaction (SPSI) employing three-dimensional (3D) nonlinear finite element models (FEM) verified with the results of large-scale shaking table tests of model pile groups-superstructure systems. The responses of piles in both liquefiable and non-liquefiable soil sites to ground motion with varying intensities were evaluated considering both kinematic and inertial interaction. The calculated piles and soil responses agreed well with the responses measured during the shaking events. The numerical models correctly predicted the different pile deformation modes that were exhibited in the experiments. The finite element analysis (FEA) was then employed to perform a parametric study to evaluate the kinematic and inertial effects on the piles' response, considering different ground motion levels and piles characteristics. It was found that the bending moment of piles in the liquefiable site increases significantly, compared to the non-liquefiable site, due to the loss of lateral support of the liquified soil, and the maximum bending moment occurs at the interface between the liquified and liquefied sand layers. The inertial interaction contributes the most to the bending moments at the pile top and the interface between the top clay and liquefied loose sand layers. For piles with a larger diameter, the bending moment due to kinematic interaction increases significantly, and the bending moment distribution corresponds to short (rigid) pile behaviour. In addition, the piles at the saturated site displace laterally as a rigid body during strong ground motions because the pile base loses the lateral support due to the soil liquefaction. Finally, the kinematic interaction effect becomes more significant for piles with higher elastic modulus.
Coexisting Respiratory Comorbidities Increase Mortality in Patients with Asthma: National Cohort Study
Authors: Yeo Yoomi , Lee Hyun , Ryu Jiin , Chung Sung Jun , Park Tai Sun , Park Dong Won , Kim Sang-Heon , Kim Tae Hyung , Sohn Jang Won , Yoon Ho Joo , Min Kyung Hoon , Moon Ji-Yong
Published: May 2021

Background: Asthmatic patients are generally considered to have an increased risk of mortality compared with subjects without asthma. However, this issue has less evaluated using nationally representative data. Moreover, it is unclear whether respiratory comorbidities other than chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) are associated with increased mortality in asthmatic patients compared with subjects without.Methods: Using a nationally representative sample database, we performed a retrospective cohort study of patients with asthma and age- sex-matched control cohort. We estimated hazard ratio (HR) and stratified the asthma cohort based on respiratory comorbidities.Results: During a median 8.9-year follow-up, the overall mortality rate was higher in the asthma cohort than in the control cohort (p<0.001). The hazard ratio (HR) for mortality in the asthma cohort compared with the control cohort was 1.13. The effects of asthma on mortality were more evident in males, patients under medical aid, and subjects with COPD. Respiratory comorbidities were significantly associated with increased risk of mortality in asthmatic patients compared with controls (COPD, adjusted HR, aHR=1.49; bronchiectasis, aHR=1.43; lung cancer, aHR=4.11; pneumonia, aHR=1.59).Conclusions: Patients with asthma had a higher mortality rate compared with subjects without asthma. Coexisting pulmonary comorbidities were the primary cause of higher mortality in patients with asthma
Identification of Potent Novel Biomarkers of Uterine Leiomyoma Through DEGs Screening and Networking.
Authors: UPADHYAY Sonal , RANI Anjali , DUBEY Pawan K. , BHUSHAN Ravi
Published: May 2021

Background: Uterine leiomyomas is a benign lesion arising in myometrium of the uterus. Various risk factors like stress, obesity, hormonal imbalance are involved in the progression of the uterine leiomyomas. Despite the significant research, the potential biomarkers related to uterine leiomyomas are yet to be discovered. Methods: The present study deals with searching the common potent markers of Uterine Leiomyoma (ULM) that was responsible for their pathogenicity. The microarray dataset (GSEID: GSE30673) was fetched through Gene Expression Omnibus database. Comparing with normal myometrium samples, Principal Component Analysis (PCA) and heat map were constructed to obtain differential expressed genes (DEGs) for ULM. Common DEGs were obtained through Venny software v 2.1.0. Significant enriched pathways and ontological study for DEGs were also performed through online Database for Annotation, Visualization and Integrated Discovery tool. Based upon STRING v 10.5, protein- protein interaction network was constructed in order to predict functional interactions among proteins. Results: 176 of total DEGs with 101 overexpressed and 75 under expressed genes were screened out with their official gene symbol. 2 DEGs were found as common genes in OMIM and Gene Cards.Only 9 DEGs were found to have combined score > 0.4 and hence included in interaction network. The present study revealed EGF, FYN, VCAN, TRIP13, FBXW7 as up-regulated genes and GATA2, JAG1, TLR3, APOL1 as down-regulated genes found to be expressed in samples with ULM disease. KEGG pathway enrichment analysis for DEGs revealed Focal adhesion, ECM-receptor interaction, long-term depression and Retinol metabolism are major pathways which have been enriched for these DEGs. Conclusion: We conclude that TRIP13 and TLR3 might be the novel biomarkers related to ULM disease which were revealed through our findings. The present study provides us a new perspective to detect the potent biomarkers responsible for ULM and further in vitro and in vivo experiments needed to be performed to verify the results.
Depth distribution of belowground net primary production across global biomes
Authors: Luo Zhongkui , Wang Guocheng , Xiao Liujun , Mao Xiali , Guo Xiaowei , Cowie Annette , Zhang Shuai , Wang Mingming , Chen Songchao , Zhang Ganlin , Shi Zhou
Published: May 2021

The depth distribution of belowground net primary production (BNPP) has been unquantified globally, hindering our understanding of belowground carbon dynamics. We synthesize global observational data sets to infer the depth allocation of BNPP down to 2 m, and map depth-specific BNPP globally at 1 km resolution. We estimate that global average BNPP in the 0–20 soil layer is 1.1 Mg C ha–1 yr–1, accounting for >50% of total BNPP. Across the globe, the depth distribution of BNPP shows large variability, and more BNPP is allocated to deeper layers in hotter and drier regions. Edaphic, climatic and topographic properties (in the order of importance) can explain >80% of such variability in different soil depths; and the direction and magnitude of the influence of individual properties (e.g., precipitation and soil nutrient) are soil depth- and biome-dependent. Our results provide global benchmarks for predictions of whole-soil carbon profiles across global biomes.
Modifying Shoot Tip Management to Reduce Cluster Compactness and Lateral Emergence in ‘Cabernet franc’ Grapevines
Authors: Logan Anne K. , France Justin A. , Meyers James M. , Vanden Heuvel Justine E.
Published: May 2021

To manage excessive vine vigor, Vitis vinifera L. ‘Cabernet franc’ grapevines were subjected to shoot wrap, shoot tuck, and hedge (control) techniques at one of two growth stages (shoot tips at 30 cm or at 90 cm above the top catch wire) in the Finger Lakes region of New York from 2016 to 2019. Shoot tuck and shoot wrap both reduced fruit zone lateral counts, with reductions up to 33% and 56% compared with the control, respectively. Shoot wrap reduced fruit zone lateral lengths by up to 50% and cluster compactness by up to 2.4 fewer berries per centimeter rachis. Although shoot wrap improved spray penetration to the clusters by up to 28% in one year of the study, enhanced point quadrat analysis indicated that occlusion layer number was not affected by the treatments. Shoot tip management treatments did not affect yield or fruit composition consistently. Phenological timing of shoot tip management had little impact on vine growth. Although the impacts of these modified shoot tip management practices on lateral emergence and cluster morphology were generally positive, the required hand labor to apply the treatments on a large scale may discourage the use of these management practices.
Obesidad en personas que viven con trastornos mentales: Revisión del alcance de las estrategias para identificar, prevenir y manejar
Authors: Opusunju Ellis , Dominguez-Cancino Karen A. , Leyva-Moral Juan M. , Membrillo-Pillpe Nataly J. , Whitehead Diane K. , Palmieri Patrick A.
Published: May 2021

Objetivo: Identificar y sintetizar evidencia respecto a las estrategias de prevención y manejo de la obesidad utilizadas para el control de peso de personas que viven con trastornos de salud mental (PVTM) que se encuentran en tratamiento farmacológico. Materiales y Métodos: Diseño: Revisión del alcance. Fuentes de datos: se realizaron búsquedas en las bases de datos CINAHL, Medline, PubMed, Ovid y ProQuest. Método de revisión: se desarrollaron rutas de búsqueda con las palabras clave: obesidad, psiquiatría, salud mental, intervención, manejo, medicamentos, y obesidad. Se identificaron estudios con límite de fecha de publicación de cinco años, publicados en inglés o en español que contaran con resúmenes en inglés. El proyecto de revisión de alcance resultante fue aprobado por el comité de ética. Resultados: se identificaron 60 artículos que abordan la prevención y manejo de obesidad en PVTM. Se reconocieron tres áreas temáticas al considerar la totalidad de los artículos: 1) personas con trastornos mentales graves y obesidad, 2) conocimientos y actitudes de los médicos sobre el tratamiento de la obesidad y, 3) intervenciones preventivas para personas con trastornos mentales. Las PVTM tiene un riesgo elevado de desarrollar obesidad, en conjunto con patologías relacionadas a esta como las enfermedades cardiovasculares. Factores como mala alimentación, baja actividad física, consumo de psicofármacos y vulnerabilidad social pueden ser las causas. El foco de los profesionales de salud mental está centrado en el tratamiento del trastorno mental, dejando de lado temas como la obesidad, abordaje para el cual no se sientes capacitados, a pesar de existir experiencias de intervenciones de reducción de peso exitosas en la literatura. Conclusiones: El entrenamiento de los profesionales debe incluir estrategias para abordar la obesidad en PVTM. Se requiere desarrollar y diseminar guía de práctica clínica basadas en evidencia para el manejo de la obesidad en este grupo de riesgo.
CALIDAD DE VIDA EN PERSONAS DIABETICAS ATENDIDAS EN UN HOSPITAL DE LIMA NORTE
Authors: Ñique Oyola Yolanda , Manchay Peña Hernestina
Published: May 2021

Objetivo: Determinar la calidad de vida en personas diabéticas atendidas en un Hospital de Lima Norte Materiales y métodos: Se realizó un estudio cuantitativo, descriptivo y transversal. La población estuvo constituida por adultos mayores con diabetes tipo 2, que son atendidos en el servicio de endocrinología del Hospital Nacional Sergio Bernales, Comas. La técnica utilizada fue la encuesta y el instrumento utilizado fue el test Whoqol Bref para evaluar la calidad de vida en diabéticos, compuesto por 26 ítems y agrupados por cuatro dominios. Resultados: La calidad de vida en pacientes con diabetes tipo 2 fue media con 97,8% (n=135), seguido de la baja con 1,4% (n=2), y alta con 0,7% (n=1). En cuanto a sus dimensiones en todas predomino la calidad de vida media, salud física con 95,7% (n=132), salud psicológica 91,3% (n=126), medio ambiente con 73,9% (n=102) y relaciones sociales con 50% (n=69). La dimensión que presento un nivel bajo de calidad de vida fue las relaciones sociales con 47,1% (n=65). Conclusiones: La calidad de vida predominante fue la media. En relación a sus cuatro dominios en todos predomino el nivel medio, y la dimensión que obtuvo un mayor porcentaje de calidad de vida baja fue la dimensión de relaciones sociales.
Marginal ou canônico? A superação da reprodução de discursos hegemônicos por meio da literatura em espaços formativos
Authors: Santana Santos Fernanda , Ferreira Lobino Maria das Graças
Published: May 2021

Neste trabalho propomos a ponderação ao que é considerado “literatura marginal” e o que é canônico, partindo do pressuposto de que não sejam apenas os critérios estéticos que delimitem e demarquem tais categorias. Nesse contexto, é válido ressaltar que, para além da esfera de produção, existe uma supervalorização e reprodução dos cânones em detrimento da produção considerada periférica, a qual é veiculada às margens dos conceituados corredores editoriais e dos ambientes educativos; mas diretamente vinculada ao contexto histórico, social e cultural da sociedade. Urgindo, portanto, por inserção efetiva, disseminação, emprego e aproximação com a Educação em todos os seus espaços e níveis; estabelecendo, assim, um ensino democrático e contextualizado; para isso, apresentamos também uma proposta educacional ligada ao ensino de Literatura.
Arachidonic Acid Metabolites in Neurologic Disorders
Authors: Kursun Oguzhan , Karatas Hulya , Bariskaner Hulagu , Ozturk Serefnur
Published: May 2021

Background & Objective:

Arachidonic acid (ARA) is essential for the fluidity, selective permeability, and flexibility of the cell membrane. It is an important factor for the function of all cells, particularly in the nervous system, immune system, and vascular endothelium. ARA is the second most common polyunsaturated fatty acid in the phospholipids of the nerve cell membrane after docosahexaenoic acid. ARA metabolites have many kinds of physiologic roles. The major action of ARA metabolites is the promotion of the acute inflammatory response, mediated by the production of pro-inflammatory mediators such as PGE2 and PGI2, followed by the formation of lipid mediators, which have pro-resolving effects. Another important action of ARA derivatives, especially COX, is the regulation of vascular reactivity through PGs and TXA2. There is significant involvement of ARA metabolites in neurodegenerative diseases, including Alzheimer’s disease, Parkinson’s disease, amyotrophic lateral sclerosis, and neuropsychiatric disorders. ARA derivatives also make an important contribution to acute stroke, global ischemia, subarachnoid hemorrhage, and anticoagulation-related hemorrhagic transformation.

Conclusion:

In this review, we have discussed experimental and human study results of neurologic disorders related to ARA and its metabolites in line with treatment options.
PROBLEMS OF FORMING AN ACCESSIBLE ENVIRONMENT FOR THE DISABLED
Authors:   A.G. Magomedova Dagestan State University, Magomedova A.G.
Published: May 2021

The article discusses the problems of forming an accessible environment in order to improve the quality of life of people with disabilities in modern Russian society. It is these kinds of problems that arise when implementing the Federal Target Program "Accessible Environment", the purpose of which is to create a barrier-free environment for people with disabilities. The relevance of the topic of the article is due to the fact that today the state still has an unresolved task of creating a high-quality accessible environment for people with disabilities, which would allow them to realize their capabilities on an equal basis with other members of society. A number of problems of the formation of an accessible environment for people with disabilities are analyzed, including the problems of employment of people with disabilities in many regions, which are relevant for most regions of the North Caucasus, especially for the Republic of Dagestan. The article provides an analysis of the legal norms governing the rights of people with disabilities and people with limited mobility, as well as judicial practice on violations associated with unhindered entry into the premises of disabled people, including wheelchair users, disabled people with vision impairments, etc. Special attention in the article paid to those measures that are aimed at supporting this category of the population in all areas. The conclusion is substantiated that the legislation should be revised to create an effective accessible environment for people with disabilities
SPECIAL PROCEDURE FOR ADOPTION OF JUDICIAL DECISION WITH CONSENT OF THE ACCUSED WITH THE ACCUSED IN THE CONTEXT OF A FAIR TRIAL
Authors:   D.Ya. Begova Dagestan State University, Begova D.Ya.
Published: May 2021

In a scientific article, the authors analyze the nature of the institution of a special order of decision-making with the consent of the accused with the charge brought; an attempt was made to assess the special order in terms of a fair trial; the most controversial issues concerning the essence of a special order are considered. Attention is drawn to the fact that the special procedure is deprived of such basic principles of a fair trial as publicity, adversariality, ensuring the accused's right to defense, the direct examination of evidence by the court, the motivation of the court decision, the presumption of innocence, etc. Since in a special procedure only indirect research takes place evidence with the participation of only the court in the absence of a "dispute", then the establishment of the truth in a criminal case becomes secondary and becomes very difficult. The lack of a full-fledged judicial investigation deprives the special order of the opportunity to fit into the framework of a fair trial as a continental model of criminal justice. The authors came to the conclusion that the institution of a special order does not fit into the concept of a fair trial, and the purpose of its existence does not justify the risks of negative consequences of the increase in cases considered in this form every year.
JUDGE-ROBOT AS OVERCOMING CONTRADICTIONS OF JUDICIAL DISCRETION (LEGAL ASPECTS)
Authors:   K. E. Kovalenko Altai State University, Kovalenko K. E. , Pechatnova Yu. V. ,   Yu. V. Pechatnova Altai State University, Statsenko D. A. ,   D. A. Statsenko Altai State University, Kovalenko N.E. ,   N.E. Kovalenko Altai State University
Published: May 2021

The article discusses the opportunities and prospects for the implementation of the robot-judge in the Russian Federation judicial system. The urgency of the study predetermines by the large-scale digital revolution that affects all spheres of society, including the area of legal activity (for example, the initiative of German Gref to use lawyers-robots in Sberbank). The purpose of the study is to analyze the advantages and disadvantages of introducing the robot-judge into the legal environment. Research methods are analysis, synthesis and comparative law. The study contains: firstly, the comprehensive assessment of the category “judicial discretion” in the current criminal procedure legislation, the advantages and disadvantages of fixing this category in the Russian Federation Criminal Procedure Code; secondly, examples of the negative impact of judicial discretion on law enforcement practice, with specific decisions of the courts of justice given as arguments; thirdly, the analysis of the possibility of overcoming the specified negative impact through the introduction of digital technologies; fourth, the analysis of current trends in the introduction of digital technologies in the legal sphere, including in the field of the judicial system; fifth, the opinions of the judges of the Russian Federation Constitutional Court, scientists and practitioners regarding the possibility of using robotic technologies in the judicial system. In conclusion, the authors concluded that, in general, the trend towards digitalization in the judicial system is positive, but negative are the possible prerequisites for replacing the judge with the robot, introducing the fact that in this case the possibility of judicial discretion is excluded.
JUDICIAL REFORM IN THE NORTH CAUCASUS AND DAGESTAN IN THE SECOND HALF OF THE XIX CENTURY IN THE SCIENTIFIC HERITAGE OF M. M. KOVALEVSKY
Authors:   Z.M. Suleymanov Kislovodsk Humanitarian-Technical Institute, Suleymanov Z.M.
Published: May 2021

The author of the famous two-volume book “Law and Custom in the Caucasus” MM Kovalevsky focused on the judicial life of the mountaineers of the North-Eastern Caucasus. Being several times in a scientific expedition to the Caucasus, the scientist collected a great deal of customary law, including monuments of the rights of the peoples of Dagestan. In addition, he himself described adats, for example “Bezhit's adats” and gave an excellent scientific analysis of the “Decisions of Rustem-Khan and Utsmia Kaytag” under the original name “Dagestan people's truth”. His professional opinion is also interesting because he is in control of the situation in the judicial sphere, not only in Russia, but also in a number of Western European countries. The article focuses specifically on assessing the state of the judicial system in different regions of the North Caucasus and Dagestan.
PROBLEMS OF ENSURING PUBLIC ORDER AT THE LOCAL GOVERNMENT LEVEL
Authors:   A.Sh. Gadzhiev Dagestan State University, Gadzhiev A.Sh.
Published: May 2021

The article deals with topical issues of ensuring public order at the local government level in the light of the constitutional reform of 2020 and the adjustment of legislation in this area. The article substantiates the significance of this function of the state at the level of local self-government. Based on statistical data and analysis of the activities of internal Affairs bodies to ensure public order in the context of the pandemic, it is concluded that it is important to preserve not only the function, but also the constitutional consolidation of the independence of local self-government bodies to ensure public order in close contact with state bodies called upon to perform law enforcement activities. It is concluded that today it is difficult to assess the results of changes in the constitutional provision regarding the role of local self-government bodies in ensuring the protection of public order, since legislative changes have not yet affected the practice of implementing this function of local authorities
COMMISSIONER FOR CHILDREN'S RIGHTS UNDER THE PRESIDENT OF THE RUSSIAN FEDERATION: OBJECT OR SUBJECT OF PUBLIC CONTROL?
Authors:   Jacek Zalesny University of Warsaw, Zalesny Jacek , Shtirlova M.Ya. ,   M.Ya. Shtirlova Krasnodar branch of the Institute of globalization problems, Goncharov V.V. ,   V.V. Goncharov Kuban state agrarian university named after I. T. Trubilin
Published: May 2021

This article is devoted to the study of the Institute of the presidential Commissioner for children's rights to determine its role and place in the implementation of such an important institution of civil society as public control. At the same time, the paper substantiates the importance and significance of public control in the system of legal guarantees that ensure the implementation, compliance and protection of such important constitutional principles as democracy and public participation in the management of public affairs. The study resolves the dilemma regarding the attribution of the institution of the Commissioner for children's rights under the President of the Russian Federation to objects or subjects of public control: it is proved that despite the presence of a number of features of this public authority that are common with subjects of public control, it is not a subject, but an object of public control. The article uses a number of methods of scientific research, in particular, analysis, synthesis, classification, formal-logical, comparative-legal, historical-legal, etc.
Usability of Rapid Cholera Detection Device (OmniVis) for Water Quality Workers in Bangladesh: Iterative Convergent Mixed Methods Study
Authors: Rager Theresa L , Koepfli Cristian , Khan Wasif A , Ahmed Sabeena , Mahmud Zahid Hayat , Clayton Katherine N
Published: May 2021

Background

Cholera poses a significant global health burden. In Bangladesh, cholera is endemic and causes more than 100,000 cases each year. Established environmental reservoirs leave millions at risk of infection through the consumption of contaminated water. The Global Task Force for Cholera Control has called for increased environmental surveillance to detect contaminated water sources prior to human infection in an effort to reduce cases and deaths. The OmniVis rapid cholera detection device uses loop-mediated isothermal amplification and particle diffusometry detection methods integrated into a handheld hardware device that attaches to an iPhone 6 to identify and map contaminated water sources.

Objective

The aim of this study was to evaluate the usability of the OmniVis device with targeted end users to advance the iterative prototyping process and ultimately design a device that easily integrates into users’ workflow.

Methods

Water quality workers were trained to use the device and subsequently completed an independent device trial and usability questionnaire. Pretraining and posttraining knowledge assessments were administered to ensure training quality did not confound trial and questionnaire

Results

Device trials identified common user errors and device malfunctions including incorrect test kit insertion and device powering issues. We did not observe meaningful differences in user errors or device malfunctions accumulated per participant across demographic groups. Over 25 trials, the mean time to complete a test was 47 minutes, a significant reduction compared with laboratory protocols, which take approximately 3 days. Overall, participants found the device easy to use and expressed confidence and comfort in using the device independently.

Conclusions

These results are used to advance the iterative prototyping process of the OmniVis rapid cholera detection device so it can achieve user uptake, workflow integration, and scale to ultimately impact cholera control and elimination strategies. We hope this methodology will promote robust usability evaluations of rapid pathogen detection technologies in device development.
Mental Health Promotion and Stigma Reduction Among University Students Using the Reach, Efficacy, Adoption, Implementation, and Maintenance (RE-AIM) Framework: Protocol for a Mixed Methods Study
Authors: Fung Kenneth , Cheng Sheng-Li , Ning Xuan , Li Alan Tai-Wai , Zhang Jingxuan , Liu Jenny Jing-Wen , Hilario Carla T , Cheng Xiaojing , Yu Miao , Jia Cun-Xian , Gao Jianguo , Wong Josephine Pui-Hing
Published: May 2021

Background

Rapid urbanization, academic pressures, and developmental life transition stressors contribute to mental health stress for postsecondary students in China. Effective prevention, early identification, and timely intervention are challenged by stigma, a lack of mental health literacy, and inadequate mental health resources.

Objective

Our implementation science (IS) research project is aimed at evaluating the use of an evidence-informed mental health promotion intervention named Acceptance and Commitment to Empowerment – Linking Youth and ‘Xin’ (hearts) (ACE-LYNX) to promote university student mental health in Jinan, China.

Methods

We will engage and collaborate with Shandong Mental Health Center, the provincial mental health center, and six local universities in different regions of Jinan. The ACE-LYNX intervention aims to reduce social stigma against mental illness, enhance mental health literacy, and improve access to quality mental health care by increasing interdisciplinary collaboration and forming a mental health network. It is based on two evidence-based approaches, Acceptance and Commitment Therapy (ACT) and Group Empowerment Psychoeducation (GEP), and it will be delivered through online learning and in-person group training. The project will train 90 interdisciplinary professionals using the model. They will in turn train 15 professionals and 20 students at each university. The project will adopt the Reach, Efficacy, Adoption, Implementation, and Maintenance (RE-AIM) framework, which provides a structure to examine the process and outcomes of implementation using mixed methods comprising quantitative and qualitative approaches along five dimensions: reach, efficacy, adoption, implementation, and maintenance.

Results

Over the course of the project, 720 champions will be directly trained. They will contribute to developing a formal and informal mental health network, strengthened by student-led mental health initiatives and professional-led initiatives to promote collaborative care and facilitated care pathways. We anticipate that our project will reach out to 11,000 to 18,000 students.

Conclusions

This IS protocol will outline our unique intervention model and key steps to contextualize, implement, and evaluate community-based mental health intervention.

International Registered Report Identifier (IRRID)

PRR1-10.2196/25592
A Norm-Creative Method for Co-constructing Personas With Children With Disabilities: Multiphase Design Study (Preprint)
Authors: Teleman Britta , Svedberg Petra , Larsson Ingrid , Karlsson Caroline , Nygren Jens M
Published: May 2021

BACKGROUND

An increase in the demand for child participation in health care requires tools that enable and empower children to be involved in the co-production of their own care. The development of such tools should involve children, but participatory design and research with children have challenges, in particular, when involving children with disabilities where a low level of participation is the norm. Norm-creative and participatory approaches may bring more effective design solutions for this group. “Personas” is a methodology for increasing user perspectives in design and offers representation when users are absent. However, research on participatory persona generation in this context is limited.

OBJECTIVE

The objective of this study was to investigate how norm-creative and participatory design approaches can be integrated in a persona generation method to suit children with disabilities in the design of games for health that target this group.

METHODS

The method development involved interview transcripts and image-based workshops. Sixteen children with various disabilities participated in persona generation through co-creation of characters and scenarios. The results from the workshops were validated together with 8 children without disabilities, 1 young adult with a disability, and 1 rehabilitation professional. A qualitative thematic design analysis was iterated throughout the process.

RESULTS

The results consisted of an image-based and iterative co-construction method. It was accompanied by examples of personas that were generated and validated within a games for health case. The method showed effectiveness in enabling flexible co-construction and communication. The data resonated with social model perspectives, and the development is discussed in terms of participation levels, salutogenic descriptions of barriers, and norm-creative tradeoffs.

CONCLUSIONS

The resulting method may influence future design projects toward more inclusiveness and enable increased representation for children with disabilities in research and design. Using this method to its full potential requires a norm-critical awareness as well as extensive facilitation. Suggestions for further research include the application of the method to design processes in similar contexts or user groups.
The Associations Between Racially/Ethnically Stratified COVID-19 Tweets and COVID-19 Cases and Deaths: Cross-sectional Study (Preprint)
Authors: Liu Xiaohui , Kar Bandana , Montiel Ishino Francisco Alejandro , Onega Tracy , Williams Faustine
Published: May 2021

BACKGROUND

The COVID-19 pandemic exacerbated existing racial/ethnic health disparities in the United States. Monitoring nationwide Twitter conversations about COVID-19 and race/ethnicity could shed light on the impact of the pandemic on racial/ethnic minorities and help address health disparities.

OBJECTIVE

This paper aims to examine the association between COVID-19 tweet volume and COVID-19 cases and deaths, stratified by race/ethnicity, in the early onset of the pandemic.

METHODS

This cross-sectional study used geotagged COVID-19 tweets from within the United States posted in April 2020 on Twitter to examine the association between tweet volume, COVID-19 surveillance data (total cases and deaths in April), and population size. The studied time frame was limited to April 2020 because April was the earliest month when COVID-19 surveillance data on racial/ethnic groups were collected. Racially/ethnically stratified tweets were extracted using racial/ethnic group–related keywords (Asian, Black, Latino, and White) from COVID-19 tweets. Racially/ethnically stratified tweets, COVID-19 cases, and COVID-19 deaths were mapped to reveal their spatial distribution patterns. An ordinary least squares (OLS) regression model was applied to each stratified dataset.

RESULTS

The racially/ethnically stratified tweet volume was associated with surveillance data. Specifically, an increase of 1 Asian tweet was correlated with 288 Asian cases (P<.001) and 93.4 Asian deaths (P<.001); an increase of 1 Black tweet was linked to 47.6 Black deaths (P<.001); an increase of 1 Latino tweet was linked to 719 Latino deaths (P<.001); and an increase of 1 White tweet was linked to 60.2 White deaths (P<.001).

CONCLUSIONS

Using racially/ethnically stratified Twitter data as a surveillance indicator could inform epidemiologic trends to help estimate future surges of COVID-19 cases and potential future outbreaks of a pandemic among racial/ethnic groups.
Evaluierung der HRSM-Ausschreibung 2013 zur Anschubfinanzierung von Kooperationen der Universitäten in Lehre und Forschung/Entwicklung und Erschließung der Künste sowie Verwaltung. Evaluierung der HRSM-Ausschreibung 2016 für Kooperationen im Bereich Lehre
Authors:   WPZ Research GmbH, Ecker Brigitte , Danler Clemens , Gogola Gerald , Wang Anna , Reschen Nikolas ,   AIT - Austrian Institute of Technology
Published: May 2021

Evaluierung der Hochschulraumstrukturmittel-Ausschreibung 2013 zur Anschubfinanzierung von Kooperationen der Universitäten in Lehre und Forschung/Entwicklung und Erschließung der Künste sowie Verwaltung. Evaluierung der Hochschulraumstrukturmittel-Ausschreibung 2016 für Kooperationen im Bereich Lehre.
EDGE-ТЕХНОЛОГИИ С ИСКУССТВЕННЫМ ИНТЕЛЛЕКТОМ ПРИШЛИ ВСЕРЬЕЗ И НАДОЛГО
Authors: Слинько В.
Published: May 2021

Приводятся сведения о некоторых применениях технологий компьютерного зрения, Интернета вещей и Edge-технологий с искусственным интеллектом в России, рассматриваются ключевые препятствия для широкого внедрения бизнесом данных систем.
Obtención de parámetros físicos de las estructuras principales localizadas en la caldera de Los Humeros, Puebla
Authors: González-Morán T. , Suro-Pérez V.
Published: May 2021

En el número especial de Geofísica Internacional, Vol. 17, Núm. 4, dedicado a la zona geotérmica de Los Humeros, Puebla, los resultados obtenidos del trabajo de gravimetría de Mena y González-Morán (1977-78) no son compatibles con los proporcionados por Flores y otros (1977-78). Por este motivo se decidió analizar la información magnética, empleando transformadas de Hilbert para obtener la señal magnética reducida al polo y la señal analítica y aplicando, además, filtros de prolongación de campo armónico y técnicas de correlación entre la anomalía magnética reducida al polo y la primera derivada de la gravedad, para obtener nueva información sobre algunos parámetros de los cuerpos principales que se localizan en la Caldera de Los Humeros.El análisis de los datos confirma la existencia de dos grandes cuerpos, someros, "de raíz profunda": uno, que correspondería a la estructura interna del volcán que dió origen a la Caldera de Los Humeros; y otro, al de una pequeña caldera de hundimiento conocida como la Calderita o Cerro Xalapazco, localizada en el interior de la misma Caldera de Los Humeros.Los resultados obtenidos corroboran el análisis anterior dado por Mena y González-Moran (1977-78), eliminando la ambiguedad existente.
Distribución de Q en una región del Pacífico > 90 M.A. a partir del análisis de los modos fundamental y superiores de las ondas de Rayleigh
Authors: Canas J. A.
Published: May 2021

El análisis del modo fundamental y los modos superiores de las componentes verticales de las ondas de Rayleigh en una región del Pacifico ~90 M. a. ha permitido obtener una distribución de la fricción interna de las ondas de cizalla Qβ-1 para dicha zona hasta una profundidad del orden de los 500 km. La comparación de este modelo con el establecido por Canas y Mitchell (1978) para una región del Pacífico >100 M.a. parece indicar que los valores de Qβ-1del nuevo modelo tienden a ser mayores que los correspondientes al establecido por los autores citados. Al igual que el modelo establecido para la región> 100 M.a., el nuevo modelo presenta una clarísima región en la que los valores de Q son anormalmente bajos (Astenosfera). El proceso seguido en la obtención de los resultados de este estudio ha sido el siguiente: a) Determinación de las velocidades de fase y de grupo de las ondas Rayleigh; b) corrección de las velocidades obtenidas por el efecto anelástico; c) inversión de las velocidades corregidas para obtener un modelo de velocidades de cizalla; d) obtención del espectro de amplitudes del modo fundamental y de la suma de los modos superiores y e) obtención de Qβ a partir de la comparación de los espectros teóricos con los observados.
Concentración del aerosol mineral en la zona sur de la Ciudad de México
Authors: Bravo J. L. , Salazar S.
Published: May 2021

Para conocer la concentración del aerosol natural de origen continental producido por efecto eólico, se recolectaron 179 muestras (entre julio del 79 y agosto del 80) en el Observatorio de Radiación Atmósferica, localizado al sur de la Ciudad de Mexico. Los resultados muestran una variación anual del aerosol mineral, dividida en dos épocas: una de concentraciones bajas (con media geométrica de 34.81 μg/m3) y otra de concentraciones altas (con media geométrica de 70.04 μg/m3) que coinciden con la época de lluvias y la época de secas, respectivamente. Las distribuciones de estas pudieron ser representadas por funciones log-normales; para la época de secas se encontró una distribución bi-modal. Se aplicó el criterio de la "t" de Student para mostrar estadistícamente que el aerosol mineral no se acumula en la atmósfera a lo largo de la semana. Las mayores concentraciones del aerosol mineral provienen de la región E-ESE durante la época de secas y de la región W-WNW durante la época de lluvias. Regiones que corresponden a las áreas de Tláhuac, Tulyehualco y Xochimilco, y Santa Lucia, Cuajimalpa y Contadero, respectivamente.