bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Characteristic of COVID-19 infection in pediatric patients: early findings from a tertiary care center, Nagercoil, Tamil Nadu, India
Authors: G. Babitha Rexlin , M. Suresh P.
Published: September 2020

Background: The planet faces a new challenge with COVID-19 disease caused by novel SARS-CoV2. Pediatric COVID-19 is considered to be mild. Methods: The study aim was to describe the clinical presentation, diagnostic findings and outcome of a cohort of paediatric patients according to Ministry of health and family welfare (MOHFW) criteria, at KKGMCH a tertiary care facility in Kanyakumari district. It’s a retrospective chart review including data of children aged 0 to 12 years with COVID-19 from 20 March to 19 July 2020. Results: Of the 137 children with COVID-19, 17 (12.45%) were infants, 65 (35%) were 1-5 years and 72 (52.55%) were 6-12 years. Age didn’t have influence on acquiring the illness as p value is 0.125. Age had no influence on severity too as p value is 0.28. 46.7% were female and 53.3% were male. There was an apparent male preponderance with (OR 1.63, 95% CI 1.00 to 2.21) but a non-significant p value of 0.54. of the 34 (24.8%) mild symptomatic, 22 (64.7%) were males and 12 (35.2%) were females. The p value is 0.086 stating gender non-influential on severity. 129 (94.1%) children had contact history. The contacts were parents or close relatives. No child with comorbidity presented during this period. Most common clinical features were fever (8.76%), cough (6.6%), rhinorrhoea (2.2%), vomiting (2.9%) and diarrhoea (1.5%). Children never progressed to severe respiratory illness requiring intensive care as per MOHFW criteria. 1 (0.7%) presented with focal consolidation in chest x-ray. All 137 (100%) children got cured.Conclusion: Study concludes pediatric COVID-19 is a mild disease without mortality at beginning of pandemic in Kanyakumari district. Factors like age and gender neither influenced the occurrence of the disease nor the severity.
Joubert’s syndrome: a case report
Authors: Bainade Kapil S. , Kotrashetti Veeranna A. , Sonawane Vijay B. , Vatakar Amit , Bhatarkar Shuchi R.
Published: September 2020

Joubert syndrome is an autosomal recessive genetic disorder that affects the area of the brain that controls balance and coordination. This syndrome is difficult to diagnose clinically because of its variable phenotype.  Signs and symptoms commonly include hypotonia abnormal breathing patterns; abnormal eye movements; ataxia; distinctive facial features; and intellectual disability. Various other abnormalities may also be present. This condition is characterized by a specific finding on an magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) called a "molar tooth sign" in which the cerebellar vermis of the brain is absent or underdeveloped and the brain stem is abnormal. The exact diagnosis is often not made for several years after birth.We present a case of Joubert syndrome in a thirteen year old male with developmental delay, ataxia, mild hypotonia, nystagmus and molar tooth sign on MRI. Awareness of the characteristic clinical and radiological findings in Joubert syndrome will help in early diagnosis, appropriate counselling and proper rehabilitation.
Maple syrup urine disease presenting as severe neonatal metabolic encephalopathy: a case report
Authors: Patil Rohini , S. Giridhar , L. Umadevi , M. Rathinasamy , J Antony
Published: September 2020

We report a 17 day old boy, who developed progressive encephalopathy, after an apparent period of normalcy. Magnetic resonance imaging showed diffusion restriction in myelinated areas like, a pattern suggestive of maple syrup urine disease. Dried blood spots for tandem mass spectrometry and urine for gas chromatography mass spectrometry confirmed elevation and excretion of branched chain amino acids respectively.  After peritoneal dialysis, baby improved but continued to have residual neurological deficit, in spite of MSUD-specialized diet. Molecular studies confirmed the diagnosis. This report highlights the need for early identification of these infants to optimize neurological outcomes.
Hereditary spastic paraplegia associated with a rare endoplasmic reticulum lipid raft-associated protein 2 mutation
Authors: Dudipala Sai Chandar , Cheruku Naveen Reddy , Battu Krishna Chaithanya
Published: September 2020

Hereditary spastic paraplegia (HSP) is a clinically and genetically heterogeneous group of neurological disorders that are characterized by progressive spasticity of the lower extremities. It can present as pure form or complex form. It can be present from infancy to adulthood, but majority in adult population. Childhood onset HSP must be differentiated from common conditions like cerebral palsy, neurodegenerative disorders and metabolic disorders. Many patients with pediatric HSP are mistakenly diagnosed with cerebral palsy. In children with spastic paraplegia in whom no acquired cause identified, HSP should be considered. Here we diagnosed a 6-year-old boy with HSP who presented with progressive spastic paraplegia, intellectual disability, seizures, joint contractures and cataract. His genetic study revealed exonic deletion of endoplasmic reticulum lipid raft-associated protein gene, which is associated with complicated Autosomal recessive HSP 18 (SPG18). HSP 18 was rarely described in literature.
Transformation of the justification of modern political processes at the national and international level: the challenge of time
Authors: Kamyshanov Viktor I.
Published: September 2020

The article deals with the search for new directions of theoretical understanding and practical justification of modern political processes at the national and international level. Based on a comparison of the Russian and American approaches to assessing the development of political science, a line is drawn to study the prospects for their conjunction and adaptation to new conditions. The article considers the need to apply time-defying approaches to the development of theoretical directions of modern political science, with the definition of criteria for the depth of transformation of structural conditions, as well as factors of divergence of these conditions that affect the change in the nature and form of political power in the modern world. The relevance of this approach is confirmed by a comparative analysis of existing assessments by researchers of the development of political processes at the national level under the influence of new challenges to political stability as a key factor in global security. The prospects for developing new approaches correlate with the crisis phenomena in the development of international relations and the formation of contradictions in the dichotomy-confrontation - cooperation. This state determines the content of the considered points of view about the role and place of democracy in the development of political processes in the world, taking into account new socio - and ethno-cultural challenges and prospects for elaboration of new thinking principles of political science at the present stage.
Youth and children's public associations of Yaroslavl: state, activities and prospects for the development of the public sector
Authors: Ivanov Mikhail V.
Published: September 2020

The article presents the results of a comprehensive sociological study of the Yaroslavl youth movements, associations, as well as informal groups and their participation in the life of the city. 500 Yaroslavl citizens aged 14 to 35 were interviewed. The level of awareness of Yaroslavl youth about youth organizations, movements and movements, including operating in the city, the degree of involvement of young citizens in these organizations was assessed. Modern youth is poorly absorbing the difference between formalized public youth organizations and informal youth groups. Yaroslavl youth is rather apolitical. In the youth sector, military-patriotic and volunteer trends are developed and popular. Organizations of this orientation have a high recognition rating. If we compare formal and informal youth groups, then the Yaroslavl youth is most informed about the latter. Almost 60% of youth organizations and movements, according to their members, take part in the public life of the city. Most often, such participation is limited to involvement in citywide events, holidays and promotions (32%), as well as in the creation of performances that affect the urban environment and public life (30%). Potentially, one can try to attract from 70 to 84% of participants in youth associations of Yaroslavl to socially significant activities. The main points of application of their labor for the benefit of the city, youth sees social labor, creative, search and rescue and scientific activities.
TERRITÓRIO RURAL DE IDENTIDADE LITORAL NORTE DO RIO GRANDE DO SUL: O CARÁTER INOVADOR DE SUA CONSTITUIÇÃO E SEUS DESDOBRAMENTOS
Authors: Medeiros Monique , Cazella Ademir Antônio , Tecchio Andréia
Published: September 2020

O presente artigo analisa a constituição do Território Rural de Identidade Litoral Norte do Rio Grande do Sul, enfatizando a importância do caráter inovador das articulações sociotécnicas que a respaldaram. Para tanto, as informações de campo obtidas, entre agosto de 2013 e abril de 2016, junto a mediadores sociais e famílias de agricultores, por meio de observação participante e entrevistas semiestruturadas, foram analisadas à luz da abordagem teórica de Produção de Novidades. A investigação evidencia que a constituição desse território irradia consequências para além da reprodução socioeconômica dos agricultores familiares, fortalecendo vínculos sociais e reconectando-os à natureza. Ainda perante o atual contexto político-econômico brasileiro e a contingência de políticas públicas voltadas à agricultura familiar, a novidade organizacional que configura esse território se evidencia como um processo constante de “aprender-fazendo”, não se tratando unicamente do resultado de uma relação de causa e efeito, a qual prospera meramente com o suporte do Estado.
GRILAGEM DE TERRAS E ASSASSINATOS: A REVOLTA CAMPONESA EM MOJU/PA NA DÉCADA DE 1980
Authors: Sacramento Elias Diniz
Published: September 2020

O presente artigo analisa os conflitos pela posse da terra que ocorreram no município de Moju, na década de 1980, e o que levou os camponeses da região do Jambuaçu a invadirem a cidade no início do ano de 1988, numa ação orquestrada que procurou dar um fim à violência desenfreada que ali ocorria. Procura-se mostrar neste trabalho como os projetos agroindustriais, ao instalarem-se nesse município, foram aos poucos mudando o cenário ali existente, muitas vezes sendo os principais causadores dos embates entre trabalhadores rurais e donos dos empreendimentos amparados pelo Estado e pelo uso da força policial e da pistolagem, que causou inclusive a morte de várias pessoas, entre elas o vereador do PDS, Edmilson Soares, do sindicalista Virgílio Serrão Sacramento e dos lavradores “Canindé” e “João”, sendo os dois últimos casos o “estopim” da revolta camponesa que ali ocorreu.
O Programa de VHC da DNDi e o sistema de propriedade intelectual: uma abordagem de saúde pública para a epidemia de Hepatite C
Authors: Feres Marcos Vinício Chein , Sant Anna Leonardo da Silva , Silva Alan Rossi
Published: September 2020

A exclusividade garantida pelos direitos de propriedade intelectual aparenta ser, paradoxalmente, ao mesmo tempo, uma das justificativas mais importantes da inovação para a indústria farmacêutica e um dos principais mecanismos de obstrução ao acesso às inovações desse setor. Consequentemente, o presente artigo visa a compreender empiricamente como o programa de pesquisa e desenvolvimento de novos tratamentos para Hepatite C, conduzido pela iniciativa Medicamentos para Doenças Negligenciadas (DNDi, sigla em inglês), se relaciona com o sistema de propriedade intelectual vigente. Para tanto, a pesquisa foi construída a partir de um estudo de caso único, holístico e descritivo sobre o tema, de acordo com as definições elaboradas por Robert Yin e com as proposições teóricas formuladas por Susan Sell. Como resultado principal dessa investigação, foi possível teorizar que, por meio da política de propriedade intelectual adotada e da priorização das necessidades de saúde pública, ambos o programa liderado pela DNDi e o próprio modelo institucional da entidade parecem funcionar como um mecanismo de contorno das estruturas e das instituições atualmente erigidas pelo sistema de propriedade intelectual.
IMAGINAÇÃO E CRIATIVIDADE DOS CONTOS DE FADAS NA EDUCAÇÃO INFANTIL: OLHARES DAS PROFESSORAS DAS CRIANÇAS PEQUENAS
Authors: Silva Andyerli Pereira Medeiros da , Camargo Gislene
Published: September 2020

O trabalho em tela visa abordar a respeito da importância da utilização da literatura infantil, por meio dos contos de fadas, para o desenvolvimento da imaginação e criatividade das crianças. Como objetivo geral tem-se o seguinte: analisar a importância da imaginação e da criatividade dos contos de fadas no desenvolvimento das crianças durante a Educação Infantil (4 e 5 anos), devido importância desta fase na formação do ser humano, seguido dos específicos: levantar reflexão sobre os contos de fada e sua importância; pesquisar sobre imaginação e criatividade no desenvolvimento infantil e entrevistar professoras a fim de compreender a perspectiva das educadoras sobre o trabalho com os contos de fada na Educação Infantil. Inicia-se o trabalho discorrendo a respeito dos contos de fadas enquanto gênero literário, abordando suas particularidades. Segue-se tratando acerca do desenvolvimento da imaginação e criatividade por meio dos contos de fadas, para a seguir adentrar na pesquisa de metodologia qualitativa, realizada por meio de entrevista estruturada com cinco professoras da Educação Infantil da rede pública de ensino de Criciúma/SC. Conclui-se que os contos de fadas contribuem significativamente para o desenvolvimento da imaginação e criatividade durante a Educação Infantil, ainda que algumas professoras entrevistadas não extraiam todos os benefícios disponíveis no gênero, devido à falta de conhecimento ou formação sobre o tema. Finalmente, constata-se que há ainda um longo caminho a ser percorrido, o qual advém de um programa de formação continuada das professoras, proporcionando assim a utilização dos contos de fadas para a aprendizagem e desenvolvimento durante a Educação Infantil.PALAVRAS CHAVE: Educação Infantil. Contos de fadas. Imaginação. Criatividade.
Identidad nacional y memoria histórica colectiva en el Perú. Un estudio exploratorio
Authors: Rottenbacher Jan Marc , Espinosa Agustín
Published: September 2020

Se analizan las relaciones entre la memoria de hechos colectivos en el Perú y la constitución de la identidad nacional peruana en 81 habitantes de clase media de Lima Metropolitana. La valencia positiva del recuerdo colectivo de personajes históricos, más no el de eventos, se asocia moderadamente a la autoestima colectiva y a dos dimensiones del autoconcepto colectivo (peruanos proactivos-capaces e imagen negativa de los peruanos). Se encontró que personajes y eventos del siglo XX conforman el porcentaje mayoritario de recuerdos colectivos, y en promedio personajes y eventos del siglo XX son peor evaluados que personajes y eventos previos a este siglo. Esto confirma la presencia de un sesgo de recencia y la tendencia a atribuir un significado más positivo a personajes y hechos que se recuerdan a largo plazo en contraposición con aquellos más recientes.
Desarrollo motor como indicador del desarrollo infantil durante los primeros dos años de vida
Authors: Pollitt Ernesto , Caycho Tomás
Published: September 2020

El propósito de este trabajo es fundamentar la selección del área motora en niños/as de 3 a 24 meses de edad como indicador del desarrollo integral infantil para su aplicación en estudios poblacionales. El conocimiento de las diferencias objetivas en el desarrollo infantil entre regiones, departamentos, altura sobre el nivel del mar, etc., ayudará a la identificación de algunas de las causas que explican esas diferencias, lo que se convierte en información relevante para la programación social necesaria para la prevención de esas diferencias o la atenuación de sus consecuencias a nivel poblacional.
Simplicidad en tiempos complejos: seis principios para enseñar a los talentosos
Authors: Cohen Leonora M.
Published: September 2020

El mundo es cada vez más complejo y los métodos curriculares para los talentosos siguen la misma línea. El presente estudio propone seis reglas extraidas de las aproximaciones curriculares que revelan las mejores practicas e investigaciones en el área y que además pueden ser fácilmente comprendidas y aplicadas en todo lugar. Cuando los profesores trabajan desde un grupo de principios que sustenta su actividad, pueden adaptarlos a las necesidades de sus estudiantes y apoyar su desarrollo, independientemente del contexto. Utilizando estos principios se fortalece la enseñanza y apoya a los estudiantes talentosos, así como a todos los estudiantes. Los seis principios incluyen: a) focalizarse en un patrón único de fortalezas, b) agrupar a los estudiantes por intereses o capacidades por lo menos parte del tiempo, c) ir tan rápido y lejos como se pueda a nivel de destrezas básicas, d) enriquecer los intereses individuales, e) ofrecer mediación, consejería, mentoring y facilitación, y f) brindar herramientas para el aprendizaje a lo largo de la vida.
Pensamiento crítico: su relevancia para la educación en una sociedad cambiante
Authors: Almeida Leandro Da Silva , Franco Amanda Helena Rodrigues
Published: September 2020

El volumen de información y la multiplicidad de situaciones a enfrentar diariamente exigen nuevas funciones cognitivas, particularmente combinando conocimiento, experiencia y habilidades intelectuales. El pensamiento crítico es valorado como una forma superior de razonamiento y una competencia transversal a los sistemas educativos. Se presentan algunas definiciones presentes en la literatura, describiendo las funciones cognitivas responsables por el pensamiento crítico en las situaciones de aprendizaje y de resolución de problemas. Se exponen los procedimientos más empleados en su evaluación, ilustrando con algunas pruebas y con algunos programas y planificación curricular implementados para la enseñanza y el desenvolvimiento en la clase. Finalmente, se señala la importancia de continuar haciendo estudios que busquen la convergencia de elementos teóricos y prácticos asociados a la definición de pensamiento crítico.
Abuso sexual : tratamientos y atención
Authors: Vallejo Samudio Álvaro Roberto , Córdoba Arévalo Martha Isabel
Published: September 2020

El abuso sexual afecta fundamentalmente a niños de cualquier género y mujeres, dejando graves secuelas en las víctimas, y en su medio familiar y social. Este artículo rastrea las publicaciones disponibles en materia de acciones encaminadas al apoyo de sobrevivientes de abuso sexual, por parte de los sistemas de salud pública en algunos países, y los tratamientos de origen psicológico más recomendados para la reparación de la salud mental de las víctimas.El abuso sexual en países en desarrollo debe ser un asunto de seguridad pública, más aun en Colombia, donde la violación de mujeres es una arma de guerra usada por los actores de la violencia sociopolítica
Upaya Peningkatan Kemampuan Menulis Surat Dinas melalui Pendekatan Kontekstual pada Siswa Kelas XI di MA Al-Husaini Pasanggar Pegantenan
Authors: Rofi’i Moh , Effendy Moh Hafid
Published: September 2020

Terdapat permasalahan yang dialami siswa  kelas XI di MA AL-Husaini Pasanggar Pegantenan dalam pembelajaran mnulis surat dinas. Pembelajaran kontekstual diharapkan dapat mengatasi permasalahan tersebut. Berangkat dari permasalah tersebut, penelitian ini bertujuan untuk meningkatkan kemampuan menulis surat dinas melalui pendekatan kontekstual siswa kelas XI di MA AL-Husaini Pasanggar Pegantenan. Penelitian ini merupakan penilitian tindakan kelas. Lokasi penelitian adalah  MA AL-Husaini Pamekasan dengan subjek penelitian ini adalah siswa kelas XI MA AL-Husaini. Penelitian ini dilaksanakan pada bulan Oktober-Desember 2018 dengan 2 siklus. Hasil penelitian ini adalah upaya peningkatan kemampuan menulis surat dinas siswa menggunakan pendekatan kontekstual kelas XI MA AL-Husaini Pasanggar Pegantenan semester genap tahun pelajaran 2017-2018 dapat meningkatakan proses hasil belajar siswa dalam menulis surat dinas. Peningkatan tersbut dapat diketahui dari hasil nilai rata-rata pada siklus I, yaitu 68 dan siklus II, yaitu 74, 75 dari hasil inilah guru melaksanakan II siklus ini karena dilihat dari hasil siswa yang sudah memenuhi kriteria ketuntasan minimal.
TELAAH TINGKAT KESULITAN TEKS EKSPOSISI DALAM BUKU SISWA BAHASA INDONESIA: EKSPRESI DIRI DAN AKADEMIK UNTUK SMA/SMK KELAS X KURIKULUM 2013
Authors: Risdiawati Dian
Published: September 2020

Tujuan penelitian ini untuk mendeskripsikan tingkat kesulitan berdasarkan kompleksitas makna teks eksposisi yang terdapat pada buku siswa Bahasa Indonesia: Ekspresi Diri dan Akademik untuk SMA/SMK kelas X kurikulum 2013. Data berupa teks eksposisi yang bersumber pada buku teks. Data dianalisis dengan desain deskriptif kualitatif. Hasil analisis kompleksitas makna pada teks eksposisi kelas X pada bahan ajar Kurikulum 2013 lebih dominan pada bentuk pengimbuhan. Kata berimbuhan yang paling banyak muncul adalah kata yang mendapatkan imbuhan me-kan. Kata yang digunakan di dalam teks eskposisi mengarah ke tema teks. Teks eksposisi tersebut sesuai dengan tingkat berpikir siswa.
STRATEGI MENANGANI KESULITAN MENULIS (DISGRAFIA) MELALUI PEMBELAJARAN PARTISIPATIF DI SEKOLAH
Authors: Sari Novita , Kusmana Ade , Kuntarto Eko
Published: September 2020

Disgrafia adalah anak-anak yang mengalami kesulitan dalam menulis dan kesulitan dalam hal menuangkan ide-idenya ke dalam bentuk tertulis. Faktor-Faktor penyebabnya adalah kelainan neurologis yang menghambat kemampuan menulis secara fisik, sehingga anak mengalami kesulitan untuk memegang pensil dengan baik. Oleh karena itu guru perlu memahami gejala, ciri-ciri, dan jenis disgrafia. Serta menemukan strategi yang tepat untuk menangani anak disgrafia dalam hal keterampilan menulis. Guru harus menggunakan strategi yang disesuaikan dengan kondisi anak, karena tidak semua strategi pembelajaran cocok untuk digunakan dalam proses belajar mengajar. Tujuan penulisan artikel ini adalah menggambarkan strategi menangani kesulitan menulis (disgrafia) melalui pembelajaran partisipatif di Sekolah. Adapun strategi yang bisa digunkan oleh guru diantaranya strategi kegiatan pra menulis, menjiplak huruf, menulis huruf balok, dan menulis huruf bersambung.Kata Kunci: Disgrafia, belajar menulis, strategi pembelajaran.
Penafsiran Ayat-Ayat Jihad Dalam Kitab Al-Qur’an Al-‘Adzim Karya Ibnu Katsir
Authors: Razzaq Abdur , Perkasa Jaka
Published: September 2020

Abstract: This study aims to analyze the method of interpreting the verses of jihad carried out by Ibn Kathir in his book-Al-Qur’an Al-‘Adzim ’. The method used is to use a library study approach (libary research), by collecting qualitative data. two sources; primary and secondary. The primary source of the researcher is Al-'Azhim's Qur'anic Interpretation by Ibn Kathir, while secondary sources are obtained from books, journals, magazines and other sources whose uses are to enrich the material and as a comparison of primary sources . The data collection technique is to use documentation that is collecting various library books that have relevance to the title of this research, then analyzed by correlative analysis methods and descriptive relevance. The findings of this study are verses of jihad which are interpreted by Ibn Kathir tend to interpret jihad in the Qur'an as a war against the enemy to defend Islam. Conclusions about the importance of jihad and its privileges in Islam with concepts that are in accordance with Islamic sharia and in line with those outlined by the Qur'an and also explained by the Hadith of the Prophet Muhammad even though they do not cover in depth the language rules or derivatives of the word jihad in the Qur'an and does not discuss the issue of jihad in the realm of jurisprudence. Keyworld: Verse of jihad, Ibnu Katsir
Analisis Makna Kematian: Sebuah Perspektif Konseptual Menurut Imam Ghazali
Authors: Jannati Zhila , Hamandia Muhammad Randicha
Published: September 2020

Abstract: In fact, every living thing will surely die. Death is something that needs to be understood as something that will definitely happen so that humans can live life well so they can face death with full readiness. This study aims to understand the meaning of death according to Imam Ghazali. This research is a type of research study literature or library (library research). The data collection technique is to use documentation. The results show that (a) death is a condition when the spirit begins to separate from the body, (b) the virtue of remembering death is that it can increase human fear of Allah. so that they can continue to prepare themselves to welcome death, (c) death's sakaratul is divided into 3 phases of disaster namely the terrible pain when life is taken away, witnessing death angels that can create fear and fear in the heart for a year, and immoral practitioners who will witness the hell where they returned and they too felt very scared, and (d) the condition of humans in the grave that is alone in a dark place, filled with worms, and the conditions that humans get are in accordance with the deeds of deeds in the world.

 

Keywords: Death analisys, Imam al-Ghazali

 

 

Abstrak: Sejatinya, setiap yang hidup pasti akan mati. Kematian adalah sesuatu hal yang perlu dipahami sebagai sesuatu yang pasti akan terjadi agar manusia dapat menjalani kehidupan dengan baik sehingga dapat menghadapi kematian dengan penuh kesiapan. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk memahami makna kematian menurut Imam Ghazali. Penelitian ini merupakan jenis penelitian studi literature atau kepustakaan (library research). Adapun teknik pengumpulan data yakni dengan menggunakan dokumentasi. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa (a) kematian merupakan suatu keadaan saat ruh mulai berpisah dari jasad, (b) keutamaan meningat kematian yakni dapat bertambahnya rasa takut manusia kepada Allah swt. sehingga dapat terus mempersiapkan diri untuk menyambut kematian, (c) sakaratul maut terbagi menjadi 3 fase bencana yakni rasa sakit yang begitu dahsyat ketika nyawa dicabut, menyaksikan malaikat maut yang dapat menciptakan rasa gentar dan takut dalam hati selama setahun, serta para pelaku maksiat yang akan menyaksikan neraka tempat mereka kembali dan merekapun sangat merasa ketakutan, serta (d) keadaan manusia dialam kubur yakni sendirian di tempat yang gelap, dipenuhi cacing, serta keadaan yang didapatkan manusia adalah sesuai dengan amal perbuatannya di dunia.

 

Kata kunci: Analisis kematian, Imam al-Ghazali
PERSONAL HYGIENE AND ANTHELMINTIC CONSUMPTION IN PREVENTION OF ENTEROBIASIS AMONG PRIMARY SCHOOL CHILDREN
Authors: Muliawati Ratna , Mushidah Mushidah , Musyarofah Siti
Published: September 2020

Background: Pinworm infection remains a global public health problem in Indonesia, with the highest prevalence in primary school–aged children. The government has made helminthiasis control efforts through annual deworming every six months, yet data on the enterobiasis prevalence and its risk factors are still limited. Purpose: This research aimed to determine the role of personal hygiene and anthelmintic or worm medicine consumption in the prevention of enterobiasis among primary school children. Methods: This research employed an analytic observational method with a cross-sectional design. The population used was primary school children in the Public Health Center (PHC) of Kaliwungu area, Kendal District, Central Java Province. The research sample was 150 students from first grade to third grade at 1 Primary Elementary School 1 Kutoharjo. The data sources were obtained from interviews of risk factors and perianal swab examinations. The data were analyzed by a chi-square test and multiple logistic regression. Results: The prevalence of pinworm infection among primary school children remains high (37.33%). The results of the multivariate analysis showed that there are three determinant variables of pinworm infections: not washing hands with soap before eating (p < 0.01; Prevalence Odds Ratio (POR) = 6.47; 95% Confidence Interval [CI] = 2.87 < POR < 14.59); not washing hands with soap after defecation (p = 0.01; POR = 3.36; 95% CI = 1.40 < POR < 8.05); and not consuming anthelmintic drugs within the past six months (p = 0.03; POR = 2.43; 95% CI = 1.08 < POR < 5.50). Conclusion: Hand washing habits and annual deworming are important factors to prevent pinworm infections.
OVERVIEW OF TUBERCULOSIS PREVENTIVE TREATMENT AMONG CHILDREN IN SURABAYA
Authors: Aprilidyawati Rizka , Wahjuni Chatarina Umbul , Yuliandari Rosita Dwi
Published: September 2020

Background: A high prevalence of tuberculosis (TB) infection rates is followed by high rates of TB infection in children. The TB Preventive Treatment (TPT) for children with Isoniazid (INH) is one of the primary activities to improve TB cases by finding them early to prevent the transmission of TB to children. Purpose: This study aimed to describe the implementation of TPT with prophylactic INH among children in Surabaya. Methods: This research was a descriptive observational study with a case series design using secondary data on the provision of TPT in children, child TB cases in Surabaya City in 2016–2018, and a network of partnerships with hospitals/clinics/doctors’ private practices for the prevention and control of TB in the city of Surabaya in 2016–2018 as the population. The data were collected by in-depth interviews with the holders of the TB prevention and control program of Surabaya. The data were analyzed by comparing and describing the targets and achievements of the INH administration in children. Results: The implementation of INH for children in Surabaya is not optimal and has not reached the targets. The networking of health facilities with providers for the provision of TPT with INH for children is still low in Surabaya City. Conclusions: Delivery of INH for children in Surabaya has been implemented and has increased, however, it is not optimal because it has not reached the targeted districts/municipalities that determined.
Worldwide Detection of Informal Settlements via Topological Analysis of Crowdsourced Digital Maps
Authors: Soman Satej , Beukes Anni , Nederhood Cooper , Marchio Nicholas , Bettencourt Luís M.A.
Published: September 2020

The recent growth of high-resolution spatial data, especially in developing urban environments, is enabling new approaches to civic activism, urban planning and the provision of services necessary for sustainable development. A special area of great potential and urgent need deals with urban expansion through informal settlements (slums). These neighborhoods are too often characterized by a lack of connections, both physical and socioeconomic, with detrimental effects to residents and their cities. Here, we show how a scalable computational approach based on the topological properties of digital maps can identify local infrastructural deficits and propose context-appropriate minimal solutions. We analyze 1 terabyte of OpenStreetMap (OSM) crowdsourced data to create worldwide indices of street block accessibility and local cadastral maps and propose infrastructure extensions with a focus on 120 Low and Middle Income Countries (LMIC) in the Global South. We illustrate how the lack of physical accessibility can be identified in detail, how the complexity and costs of solutions can be assessed and how detailed spatial proposals are generated. We discuss how these diagnostics and solutions provide a multiscalar set of new capabilities – from individual neighborhoods to global regions – that can coordinate local community knowledge with political agency, technical capability, and further research.
ПОРАЖЕНИЯ МИОКАРДА У ПАЦИЕНТОВ ПРИ COVID-19
Authors: Руженцова Татьяна , Хавкина Дарья , Чухляев Павел , Гарбузов Александр , Мешкова Наталья
Published: September 2020

Резюме

Цель – оценить частоту поражений миокарда при COVID-19 и представить их особенности на клиническом примере.

Материалы и методы

Проанализированы данные историй болезней 100 пациентов в возрасте от 20 до 96 лет, находившихся на амбулаторном лечении с диагнозом коронавирусная инфекция (вирус SARS-CoV-2 идентифицирован) лёгкой (22%), средне-тяжелой (70%) и тяжёлой степени (8%, с госпитализацией при нарастании степени тяжести). Всем пациентам выполнены компьютерная томография (КТ) легких, лабораторная диагностика, ЭКГ в стандартных отведениях. Для уточнения диагноза, при наличии показаний, определяли уровень тропонина I, МВ-креатинкиназы; проводили эхокардиографическое обследование и суточное мониторирование ЭКГ. Особенности поражения миокарда представлены на клиническом примере.

Результаты

Впервые выявленные изменения на ЭКГ отмечены у 84% пациентов. Клинический пример демонстрирует поражение миокарда при COVID-19, сопровождающееся одышкой, изменениями на ЭКГ по типу очаговых интрамуральных, диффузным снижением сократимости миокарда.

Выводы

У пациентов с COVID-19 нередко регистрируются поражения миокарда, частота регистрации впервые выявленных на ЭКГ изменений, по данным проведенного анализа, составляет 84%. Изменения подтверждаются по данным ЭКГ и эхокардиографии, требуют дифференциальной диагностики с острым коронарным синдромом и острым миокардитом, наблюдения в динамике и проведения адекватной медикаментозной терапии.
Analisis utang luar negeri, sukuk, inflasi dan tingkat suku bunga terhadap pertumbuhan ekonomi indonesia Tahun 2014-2019
Authors: Sari Septiana , Anggadha Ratno Fernaldi
Published: September 2020

The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of Foreign Debt (X1), Sukuk (X2), Inflation (X3) and Interest Rate (X4) on Economic Growth (Y). This type of research is quantitative research using regression analysis as data analysis and using secondary data in the form of time series. The data used are monthly data from Foreign Debt, Sukuk, Inflation and Interest Rates and Economic Growth in 2014-2019 Data that has been obtained 72 samples then analyzed using the application tool E-views 9. Based on the results of this study indicate that the partial dependent variable External Debt influences positively and insignificantly, Sukuk positively influences and insignificantly, Inflation influences positively and insignificantly and Interest Rates have a positive and insignificant effect on the independent variables Economic Growth shown through Gross Domestic Product (GDP ).
TASARRUF DAVRANIŞINA ALTERNATİF OLAN BİREYSEL EMEKLİLİK SİSTEMİ ÜZERİNDE FİNANSAL OKURYAZARLIĞIN ETKİSİ
Authors: ÖZBEK Adem
Published: September 2020

Bireysel tutum ve davranışlarımızın temelinde bilgi yatmaktadır. Bu bilginin bir kısmı eğitimle, bir kısmı da çevresel faktörlerle elde edilir. Bireylerin finansal okuryazarlık seviyeleri üzerinde bu iki bilgi kaynağı eşit derecede, çok önemli etkiye sahiptir. Bu kaynaklar hem tutumlarımızın hem de davranışlarımızın da temelinde yer almaktadırlar. Finansal piyasalar için önemli görülen finansal ürünlerden birisi bireysel emeklilik sistemidir. Bu ürün, çalışan kesim için tasarruf, çalışmayan kesim için ise gelecek adına bir güvence aracı görevini görmektedir. Toplum içerisinde yeni gelişmeye ve yayılmaya başlayan bir sistem olması nedeniyle insanlar tarafından çok da tecrübe edilmiş bir alan değildir. Bireysel emeklilik sistemine katılım sağlayacak kişiler, bu sistemle ilgili bilgi ve finansal okuryazarlık durumlarına bağlı olarak hareket etmektedirler. Çalışmamızda, bireylerin finansal tutum ve davranışlarına bağlı olarak sahip oldukları finansal okuryazarlık düzeylerinin bireysel emeklilik sistemine katılımları üzerinde etkilerinin olup olmadığı belirlenmeye çalışılmıştır. Bu nedenle araştırma kapsamında oluşturulan anket formu 13.02.2020 ile 17.02.2020 tarih aralığında online olarak tesadüfi olarak seçilmiş, belirli gelir seviyesine sahip 405 katılımcıya uygulanmıştır. Elde edilen veriler SPSS 21 analiz programı ve Yapısal Eşitlik Modeli ile analiz edilmiş, bireylerin finansal tutum ve finansal davranışlarına bağlı olarak gelişen finansal okuryazarlık düzeylerinin bireysel emeklilik sistemine katılımları üzerinde olumlu etkisinin olduğu belirlenmiştir.
DOĞRUDAN YABANCI YATIRIMLAR, VERGİ GELİRLERİ VE EKONOMİK BÜYÜME İLİŞKİSİ: KIRILGAN BEŞLİ ÜLKELER ÖRNEĞİ
Authors: SAĞDIÇ Ersin Nail , YILDIZ Fazlı , SAYIN Hasan Hüseyin
Published: September 2020

Bu çalışmanın amacı, 1980-2018 yılları arasında vergi gelirleri, doğrudan yabancı yatırımlar ve ekonomik büyüme arasındaki ilişkiyi kırılgan beşli ülke grubu için (Brezilya, Endonezya, Hindistan, Güney Afrika, Türkiye) panel eşbütünleşme ve panel nedensellik analizleri ile tespit etmektir. Panel eşbütünleşme testi sonuçları değişkenler arasındaki uzun dönemli ilişkinin varlığını göstermektedir. Panel VECM nedensellik analizi sonuçları ise, uzun dönemde vergi gelirleri ve ekonomik büyüme arasında çift yönlü nedensellik ilişkisi olduğunu, kısa dönemde ise ekonomik büyümeden vergi gelirlerine doğru tek yönlü nedensellik ilişkisi olduğunu göstermektedir. Bunun yanında, panel VECM nedensellik testi sonuçları, uzun dönemde doğrudan yabancı yatırımlarından hem vergi gelirlerine hem de ekonomik büyümeye doğru tek yönlü nedensellik ilişkisi olduğunu ortaya koymaktadır. Bu sonuçlar ekonomik büyüme, doğrudan yabancı yatırımlar ve vergi gelirlerine ilişkin politikaların uzun dönemde daha etkin olduğunu göstermektedir.
KIBRIS TÜRK TOPLUMUNUN DEVLETLEŞME SÜRECİNDE MÜLKİYE’NİN ETKİSİ (İSMAİL BOZKURT’UN DENEYİMLERİYLE)
Authors: BALYEMEZ Mehmet
Published: September 2020

Mülkiye, Osmanlı Devleti’nin modernleşme çabaları sonucunda kurulan öğretim kurumlarından biridir. Mülkiye’nin kuruluş amacı, bürokrasiye nitelikli personel yetiştirmek ve bu kişiler aracılığıyla kamu görevlerini çağın gereklerine göre yerine getirmek olarak belirlenmiştir. Kıbrıs Türk gençlerinin Mülkiye ile ilk tanışmaları 19’uncu yüzyılın sonlarında olmuştur. Bu dönemde çeşitli amaçlarla Anavatan’a göç etmiş Kıbrıs Türkleri, Mülkiye’de öğretimlerini tamamladıkları sonra Osmanlı bürokrasisinde görev almışlardır. Kıbrıs Türk gençleri Birinci Dünya Savaşı ve sonrasındaki yıllarda dönemin şartlarından dolayı Mülkiye’deki eğitim ve öğretimlerine ara vermek zorunda kalmışlardır. Kıbrıs Türk gençlerinin Mülkiye’de tekrar öğretime başlamaları İkinci Dünya Savaşı sonrasında olmuştur. Bu dönem, aynı zamanda Kıbrıs’ın uluslararası sorun olarak gündemde olduğu yılların da başlangıcını oluşturmuştur. Kıbrıs Türk gençleri, bu dönemde bir yandan Mülkiye’de öğretimlerine devam ederken diğer yandan da toplum direnişine katılmışlardır. Mülkiye’deki öğrenimlerini tamamlayan Kıbrıs Türk gençleri, Kıbrıs Türk toplumunun devletleşme sürecine önemli katkılarda bulunmuşlardır. Mülkiye’nin Kıbrıs Türk toplumunun devletleşme sürecine etkisini ortaya koymak amacıyla yapılan bu çalışmada; Siyasal Bilgiler Fakültesi, Cumhurbaşkanlığı Cumhuriyet Arşivi ve KKTC Milli Arşiv ve Araştırma Dairesi’nde çalışmalar yapılmış, birinci ve ikinci elden kaynaklar taranmış, Kıbrıs Türk halkının devletleşme sürecinde önemli görevler üstlenmiş olan Mülkiye mezunu İsmail Bozkurt’la söyleşi yapılmıştır.
EXPORT AND CULTURAL AFFINITY RELATIONSHIP: THE EXAMPLE OF RUSSIA (2001-2018)
Authors: ŞAHİN Levent
Published: September 2020

The aim of the study is to investigate the export of Russia to Lithuania, Latvia, Estonia, Georgia, and Ukraine in the context of cultural affinity. Lithuania, Latvia, Estonia, Ukraine, and Georgia are the former USSR (Union of Soviet Socialist Republics) countries. Besides, a quarter of the population is Russian origin in Latvia and Estonia, this rate is 6% in Lithuania, and 1.5% in Georgia. Therefore, there is a cultural affinity among Lithuania, Latvia, Estonia, Ukraine, Georgia, and Russia. In the study, the panel data analysis method and panel gravity model are applied. This analysis involves the years from 2001 to 2018. As a result, it is determined that if the populations and GDPs of Lithuania, Latvia, Estonia, Ukraine, and Georgia increase, they prefer not to trade with Russia. In other words, the cultural and historical relationships of Lithuania, Latvia, Estonia, Ukraine, and Georgia with Russia does not affect commercial relations positively.
METAZOAN REEF CONSTRUCTION IN A MIDDLE ORDOVICIAN SEASCAPE: A CASE STUDY FROM THE MINGAN ARCHIPELAGO, QUEBEC
Authors: PENNY AMELIA , DESROCHERS ANDRÉ , KRÖGER BJÖRN
Published: September 2020

The Ordovician (485–444 Ma) saw a global shift from microbial- to skeletal-dominated reefs, and the rise of corals and bryozoans as important reef-builders. Hypothetically, increasingly morphologically diverse and abundant reef-building metazoans increased spatial habitat heterogeneity in reef environments, an important component of reefs' capacity to support diverse communities. Quantifying the spatial scale and extent of this heterogeneity requires three-dimensional exposures of well-preserved reefs whose composition and spatial arrangement can be measured. The Darriwilian (c. 467–458 Ma) carbonate sequence of the Mingan Archipelago, Quebec, presents such exposures, and also provides an opportunity to establish how the distribution of skeletal-dominated metazoan reefs contributed to, and was influenced by, seafloor relief. This study includes two transects through a 200–300 m wide paleo-reef belt, which developed along a rocky paleo-coast line. The reefs are typically micrite-rich, meter-scale mounds, locally forming larger complexes. Here, we present quantitative evaluations of the composition of these reefs, and detailed mapping of reef distributions. There is high compositional heterogeneity between reefs at spatial scales ranging from meters to kilometers, contributed by differences in the volumetric contribution of skeletal material to the reef core, and in the identity of the dominant reef-builders. We suggest that the abundance and morphological diversity of Middle Ordovician reef building metazoans made them important contributors to environmental and substrate heterogeneity, likely enhancing the diversity of reef-dwelling communities.
Analysis of Requirements and the Feasible Limit for Error Reduction in Two-Parameter Magnetic Determination of Steels’ Hardness
Authors: Sandomirski S. G.
Published: September 2020

All measurements of mechanical properties of materials in the magnetic structural analysis are indirect and relationships between the measured parameters are correlated. An important physical parameter of steel is hardness. An increase in the correlation coefficient R and a reduction in the standard deviation (SD) are achieved when controlling the hardness of steels with two-parameter magnetic methods compared to methods that use a single measured parameter. However, the specific conditions and requirements for application of the two-parameter methods remain unclear. The purpose of this article was to analyze conditions and the achievable error reduction limit for two-parameter indirect determination of steels hardness and to compare those with one-parameter methods.

In particular, we considered the mean Square Deviation (SD), σF , of indirect calculation of the physical quantity F using two measured parameters x1 and x2 that are correlated with F. It was found that reduction of σF is most pronounced when x1 and x2 are inversely correlated with the maximum modulus |R| of the correlation coefficient R between them. The most significant reduction in σF occurs at similar values of the SDs σ1 and σ2 between the true value of F and the values calculated based on the results of indirect measurements of F using

each of the parameters x1 and x2 . The Results of the analysis are confirmed by an example of reduction in SD when determining the hardness of carbon steels by measuring their remanent magnetization and coercive force compared to use any one of these parameters.

This result can be applied to measurements in non-destructive testing and in related fields of physics and technology. The Results of the analysis allow us to compare different parameters for indirect two-parameter determination of a physical quantity, to select the optimal parameters, and to evaluate the minimum achievable measurement error of a physical quantity by a two-parameter method before performing the measurements.
Contrast of Image of an Object Observed in Smoke Conditions using Polarizing Filtering of Radiation Scattered by Smoke Particles
Authors: Kitsak A. I.
Published: September 2020

The aim of the work was to study the contrasts of the images of an object observed in a smoky environment, using polarizing filtering of radiation scattered by smoke particles towards the observer, and without filtering. Prospects for developing optical accessories for firefighters to improve the observation of objects in smoke were evaluated by comparing image contrasts.

The goal was achieved by experimentally simulating the process of transmitting images of a blackandwhite object with a sharp black/white transition boundary through various types of smoke aerosols using polarizing filtering of radiation scattered by smoke particles, and without filtering and evaluating image contrasts.

Studies of image contrasts for different optical densities of smoke in two registration schemes were performed, when the receiving optical system is located near the illumination source of the object at a distance of ≈ 150 mm from it, and when it is located at a distance from the illumination source of the object at a distance of ≈ 800 mm.

It is established that the method of forming the image of the object using polarization filtering of radiation backscattering (RBS) reduces the rate of image contrast reduction with an increase in optical smoke density compared to image registration without filtering (RBS).

A significant difference in the contrasts of images recorded with filtration (RBS) and in the absence of it is observed for "light" fumes (smoldering of wood, cotton) at average optical densities of smoke.

The results obtained can be used in the development of optical accessories for firefighter-rescuer to improve the conditions of observation of objects in adverse conditions of vision: smoke, vaporization, fog.
Real-world Efficacy and Safety of Dulaglutide in Korean Patients with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus: A Retrospective Study in a Tertiary Referral Center
Authors: Yoon Jee Hee , Hong A Ram , Choi Wonsuk , Park Ji Yong , Kim Hee Kyung , Kang Ho-Cheol
Published: September 2020

Background: This study was conducted to evaluate the efficacy and safety of once-weekly dulaglutide therapy as add-on to oral antidiabetic drugs (OADs) and basal insulin in Korean patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) in the real-world clinical practice.Methods: We retrospectively reviewed the medical records of 112 patients who received dulaglutide in a tertiary referral center. The primary efficacy endpoint was a change in glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c) between baseline and 6 months. The secondary endpoints were the percentage of patients achieving HbA1c <7.0% or ≤6.5% and the change of body weight at 6 months. Results: At baseline, the mean HbA1c was 8.7 % (8.8% in the add-on to OAD and 8.5% in the add-on to insulin group). The mean adjusted HbA1c at 6 months decreased by −1.13% in the overall patients (p < 0.001), and by −1.36 and −0.74% in the add-on to OAD and add-on to insulin group, respectively. A significant reduction of −2.9 kg in body weight was observed in the overall patients at 6 months (p < 0.001). Approximately 34.8% and 23.2% of patients achieved HbA1c <7.0% and ≤6.5%, respectively. Higher baseline HbA1c and no previous insulin therapy were associated with good response to dulaglutide on multivariate analysis. In subgroup analysis to evaluate the long-term efficacy of dulaglutide (n=82), the mean adjusted HbA1c decreased by −0.86% from baseline to 12 months (p < 0.001). Mild gastrointestinal issues (23.2%) were the most frequently observed adverse events.Conclusions: Dulaglutide is an effective and durable treatment option as add-on to OAD and basal insulin therapy in Korean patients with T2DM.