bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Bioluminescent coelenterazine derivatives with imidazopyrazinone C-6 extended substitution
Authors: Nishihara Ryo , Suzuki Hideyuki , Hoshino Emi , Suganuma Sakura , Sato Moritoshi , Saitoh Tsuyoshi , Nishiyama Shigeru , Iwasawa Naoko , Citterio Daniel , Suzuki Koji
Published: November 2014

Coelenterazine derivatives with extended substituents show significant bioluminescence emission with knownrenillaluciferase variants, indicating a promising method to develop substrates with superior optical properties.
Ultralow-intensity near-infrared light induces drug delivery by upconverting nanoparticles
Authors: He Shuqing , Krippes Kristina , Ritz Sandra , Chen Zhijun , Best Andreas , Butt Hans-Jürgen , Mailänder Volker , Wu Si
Published: November 2014

Drug delivery was triggered by near-infrared light with 0.35 W cm−2 to minimize heating problems and prevent photodamage to biological samples.
Structure orientation of hemin self-assembly layer determining the direct electron transfer reaction
Authors: Wang Gui-Xia , Zhou Yue , Wang Min , Bao Wen-Jing , Wang Kang , Xia Xing-Hua
Published: November 2014

A strategy was proposed to control the hemin orientation via experimental models, which shows heme plane orientation dependent direct electron transfer and electrocatalysis.
Frustrated Lewis pair behavior of monomeric (boryl)iminomethanes accessed from isocyanide 1,1-hydroboration
Authors: Barnett Brandon R. , Moore Curtis E. , Rheingold Arnold L. , Figueroa Joshua S.
Published: November 2014

The activation of carbon dioxide, organonitriles, and terminal acetylenes by (boryl)iminomethanes derived from isocyanide 1,1-hydroboration is described.
Composite 5A zeolite with ultrathin porous TiO2 coating for selective gas adsorption
Authors: Song Zhuonan , Huang Yi , Wang Lei , Li Shiguang , Yu Miao
Published: November 2014

A composite zeolite adsorbent was prepared by conformally depositing an ultrathin porous TiO2 coating on the external surface of the 5A zeolite by molecular layer deposition (MLD) and subsequent calcination.
Copper nanoparticles generated from aggregates of a hexarylbenzene derivative: a reusable catalytic system for ‘click’ reactions
Authors: Kaur Sharanjeet , Bhalla Vandana , Kumar Manoj
Published: November 2014

Copper nanoparticles stabilized by aggregates of a hexaphenylbenzene derivative display excellent catalytic activity in ‘click’ reactions under solvent-free conditions.
Synthesis and characterization of single-crystalline graphitic C3N4 nanocones
Authors: Guan Leilei , Li Hui , Liu Xujun , Zhao Yu , Xu Zhuoqi , Sun Jian , Ying Zhifeng , Wu Jiada , Xu Ning
Published: November 2014

Single-crystalline g-C3N4 nanocones were successfully synthesized using a novel plasma sputtering reaction deposition method.
The role of the glassy dynamics and thermal mixing in the dynamic nuclear polarization and relaxation mechanisms of pyruvic acid
Authors: Filibian M. , Colombo Serra S. , Moscardini M. , Rosso A. , Tedoldi F. , Carretta P.
Published: November 2014

In pyruvic acid containing 15 mM trityl below 4 K 13C polarization and spin–lattice relaxation rates are proportional to the spin–lattice relaxation rate of electrons, suggesting an efficient thermal mixing scenario.
Water and polymer dynamics in a model polysaccharide hydrogel: the role of hydrophobic/hydrophilic balance
Authors: Rossi B. , Venuti V. , D'Amico F. , Gessini A. , Castiglione F. , Mele A. , Punta C. , Melone L. , Crupi V. , Majolino D. , Trotta F. , Masciovecchio C.
Published: November 2014

The role of hydrophobicity/hydrophilicity balance in the gelation phenomena in water-swollen polymers is explored in a model polysaccharide hydrogel.
Enhancement of hydrogen production using photoactive nanoparticles on a photochemically inert photonic macroporous support
Authors: Mitchell Robert , Brydson Rik , Douthwaite Richard E.
Published: November 2014

Photoactive nanocrystals incorporated into a photocatalytically inert macroporous photonic host material enhance photohydrogen production on visible light illumination.
Synergy between molybdenum nitride and gold leading to platinum-like activity for hydrogen evolution
Authors: Morozan Adina , Goellner Vincent , Zitolo Andrea , Fonda Emiliano , Donnadieu Bruno , Jones Deborah , Jaouen Frédéric
Published: November 2014

A synergetic effect between molybdenum nitride nanoparticles and gold tremendously increases the activity for hydrogen evolution.
On the mechanism of nanoparticle formation in a flame doped by iron pentacarbonyl
Authors: Poliak Marina , Fomin Alexey , Tsionsky Vladimir , Cheskis Sergey , Wlokas Irenaeus , Rahinov Igor
Published: November 2014

Early nanoparticle formation in iron oxide flame synthesis was unambiguously observed for the first time, suggesting that models including metallic iron nanoparticle generation are required for adequate description of the synthesis process.
Atomically-thin two-dimensional sheets for understanding active sites in catalysis
Authors: Sun Yongfu , Gao Shan , Lei Fengcai , Xie Yi
Published: November 2014

Atomically-thin two-dimensional sheets can serve as an ideal model to disclose the role of active sites in catalysis.
Coordination polymers of uranium(iv) terephthalates
Authors: Falaise Clément , Assen Ayalew , Mihalcea Ionut , Volkringer Christophe , Mesbah Adel , Dacheux Nicolas , Loiseau Thierry
Published: November 2014

A series of tetravalent uranium terephthalates has been solvothermally synthesized in the solvent N,N-dimethylformamide (DMF) at temperature 100–150 °C with different water amounts.
Spectroscopic study on uranyl carboxylate complexes formed at the surface layer of Sulfolobus acidocaldarius
Authors: Reitz Thomas , Rossberg Andre , Barkleit Astrid , Steudtner Robin , Selenska-Pobell Sonja , Merroun Mohamed L.
Published: November 2014

The complexation of U(vi) at the proteinaceous surface layer (S-layer) of the archaeal strainSulfolobus acidocaldariuswas investigated at the molecular scale using TRLFS and EXAFS spectroscopy.
A multi-step mechanism and integrity of titanate nanoribbons
Authors: Bellat Vanessa , Chassagnon Rémi , Heintz Olivier , Saviot Lucien , Vandroux David , Millot Nadine
Published: November 2014

Using TEM and EFTEM, we showed that titanate nanoribbons are made of an assembly of smaller ribbons juxtaposed and piled up on one another. We also studied their morphological, structural and chemical characteristics using XRD, Raman and XPS. New insights were obtained regarding their forming mechanism and structural integrity.
Series of open-framework aluminoborates containing [B5O10] clusters
Authors: Wei Li , Wang Guo-Ming , He Huan , Yang Bai-Feng , Yang Guo-Yu
Published: November 2014

Three new open-framework aluminoborates (ABOs), Rb2AlB5O10·4H2O (1), [C5N2H16]AlB5O10 (2, C5N2H16 = N-ethyl-1,3-diaminopropane) and [H2dap][(CH3)2NH]AlB5O10 (3, dap = 1,2-diaminopropane) have been made under solvothermal conditions and characterized. The fluorescence and NLO properties were also studied.
Slow magnetic relaxation mechanisms in erbium SIMs
Authors: Silva M. Ramos , Martín-Ramos P. , Coutinho J. T. , Pereira L. C. J. , Lavín V. , Martín I. R. , Silva P. S. Pereira , Martín-Gil J.
Published: November 2014

The magnetic properties of two similar Er3+ complexes have been investigated.
The synthesis, characterisation and cytotoxicity of bisintercalating (2,2′:6′,2′′-terpyridine)platinum(ii) complexes
Authors: Harper Benjamin W. J. , Aldrich-Wright Janice R.
Published: November 2014

Dinuclear (2,2′:6′,2′′-terpyridine)platinum(ii) complexes were synthesised by tethering either thiol or pyridine based linkers. The cytotoxicity of the complexes was determined against human ovarian carcinoma cells (A2780) and its cisplatin-resistant sub-line A2780cis, as well as L1210 murine leukemia cells.
Dinuclear nickel(ii) complexes with 2,5-diamino-1,4-benzoquinonediimine ligands as precatalysts for the polymerization of styrene: electronic and steric substituent effects
Authors: Ohno Keiji , Nagasawa Akira , Fujihara Takashi
Published: November 2014

Substituent effects of the electron-donating ability and bulkiness of R in [{Ni(acac)}2(μ-RAp)] (RApH2: azophenines) on properties and catalytic activity are reported.
Automated vehicles and electrification of transport
Authors: Offer Gregory James
Published: November 2014

Automated vehicles have been analytically shown to change the economics of alternative fuelled vehicles significantly in favour of electric vehicles.
Band engineering of high performance p-type FeNbSb based half-Heusler thermoelectric materials for figure of merit zT > 1
Authors: Fu Chenguang , Zhu Tiejun , Liu Yintu , Xie Hanhui , Zhao Xinbing
Published: November 2014

High performance p-type half-Heusler compounds FeNb1−xTixSb are developed via a band engineering approach and a record zT of 1.1 is achieved.
Performance, morphology and photophysics of high open-circuit voltage, low band gap all-polymer solar cells
Authors: Deshmukh Kedar D. , Qin Tianshi , Gallaher Joseph K. , Liu Amelia C. Y. , Gann Eliot , O'Donnell Kane , Thomsen Lars , Hodgkiss Justin M. , Watkins Scott E. , McNeill Christopher R.
Published: November 2014

Promising efficiencies and a high open-circuit voltage are demonstrated for a novel low band-gap all-polymer photovoltaic blend.
Capsaicin, nonivamide and trans-pellitorine decrease free fatty acid uptake without TRPV1 activation and increase acetyl-coenzyme A synthetase activity in Caco-2 cells
Authors: Rohm Barbara , Riedel Annett , Ley Jakob P. , Widder Sabine , Krammer Gerhard E. , Somoza Veronika
Published: November 2014

The effects of capsaicin, nonivamide,trans-pellitorine and vanillin as the basic structural element of all vanilloids on the mechanisms of intestinal fatty acid uptake in differentiated intestinal Caco-2 cells were studied.
Development of food-grade nanoemulsions and emulsions for delivery of omega-3 fatty acids: opportunities and obstacles in the food industry
Authors: Walker Rebecca , Decker Eric A. , McClements David Julian
Published: November 2014

Nanoemulsions and emulsions can be used as delivery systems for omega-3 fatty acids into functional food and beverage products.
Microfluidic cellular enrichment and separation through differences in viscoelastic deformation
Authors: Wang Gonghao , Crawford Kaci , Turbyfield Cory , Lam Wilbur , Alexeev Alexander , Sulchek Todd
Published: November 2014

We report a microfluidic approach to separate and enrich a mixture of two cell types based on differences in cell viscoelastic behavior during repeated compressions and relaxation events.
Electrochemical pesticide detection with AutoDip – a portable platform for automation of crude sample analyses
Authors: Drechsel Lisa , Schulz Martin , von Stetten Felix , Moldovan Carmen , Zengerle Roland , Paust Nils
Published: November 2014

A ball-pen mechanism incorporated into a disposable cartridge mediates dipping of a biosensor into the sample and reagents.
Deep localized distortion of alternating bonds and reduced transport of charged carriers in conjugated polymers under photoexcitation
Authors: Wang Cong , Jiang De-Yao , Chen Ren-Ai , Li Sheng , George Thomas F.
Published: November 2014

In a real bulk heterojunction polymer solar cell, after exciton separation in the heterojunction, the resulting negatively-charged carrier, a polaron, moves along the polymer chain of the acceptor.
Bleomycin-induced trans lipid formation in cell membranes and in liposome models
Authors: Cort Aysegul , Ozben Tomris , Sansone Anna , Barata-Vallejo Sebastian , Chatgilialoglu Chryssostomos , Ferreri Carla
Published: November 2014

Bleomycin–iron complexes cause lipidcis–transisomerisation through thiyl radical formation and reactivity with unsaturated phospholipids, revealing membranes as a relevant and novel site of drug effect.
Design and synthesis of Tröger's base ditopic receptors: host–guest interactions, a combined theoretical and experimental study
Authors: Bhaskar Reddy Manda , Shailaja Myadaraboina , Manjula Alla , Premkumar Joseph Richard , Sastry Garikapati Narahari , Sirisha Katukuri , Sarma Akella Venkata Subrahmanya
Published: November 2014

The host–guest interaction between flexible ditopic receptors and bisammonium ion has been investigated experimentally and computationally. The conformation folding of guest bisammonium ion molecules leads to the oscillation of the host–guest interaction.
Efficient microencapsulation of a liquid isocyanate with in situ shell functionalization
Authors: Nguyen Le-Thu T. , Hillewaere Xander K. D. , Teixeira Roberto F. A. , van den Berg Otto , Du Prez Filip E.
Published: November 2014

A one-pot, simple approach for the encapsulation of a liquid tri-isocyanate in polyurea microcapsules with in situ shell functionalization/modification using different types of hydrophobic agents is presented.
Proton dissociation and transfer in a phosphoric acid doped imidazole system
Authors: Thisuwan Jittima , Sagarik Kritsana
Published: November 2014

Fluctuations of local-dielectric environment and H-bond chain lengths lead to intermediate complexes and proton transfer along the Im H-bond chains.
Joining of SiO2–BN ceramic to Nb using a CNT-reinforced brazing alloy
Authors: Qi Jun Lei , Lin Jing Huang , Wan Yu Han , Zhang Li Xia , Cao Jian , Feng Ji Cai
Published: November 2014

CNTs played a key role in reducing the residual stress and reinforcing the mechanical properties (at both room and high temperatures) of the brazed joint.
The crystal structure of IrB2: a first-principle calculation
Authors: Chu Binhua , Li Da , Bao Kuo , Tian Fubo , Duan Defang , Sha Xiaojing , Hou Pugeng , Liu Yunxian , Zhang Huadi , Liu Bingbing , Cui Tian
Published: November 2014

First-principle calculations were performed to investigate the structural, elastic, and electronic properties of iridium diboride (IrB2).
Electrorheological activity generation by graphene oxide coating on low-dielectric silica particles
Authors: Kim Sang Deuk , Zhang Wen Ling , Choi Hyoung Jin , Seo Youngwook P. , Seo Yongsok
Published: November 2014

A recent challenge in the field of electrorheology is to generate or to enhance the electrorheological (ER) activity of an inactive or lowly active suspension using core–shell structured particles.
Large, heterometallic coordination cages based on ditopic metallo-ligands with 3-pyridyl donor groups
Authors: Wise Matthew D. , Holstein Julian J. , Pattison Philip , Besnard Celine , Solari Euro , Scopelliti Rosario , Bricogne Gerard , Severin Kay
Published: November 2014

The two-step synthesis of large, heterometallic coordination cages based on ditopic 3-pyridyl ligands is described.
Double shelled hollow SnO2/polymer microsphere as a high-capacity anode material for superior reversible lithium ion storage
Authors: Zhou Meijun , Liu Yongchang , Chen Jun , Yang Xinlin
Published: November 2014

This paper describes the synthesis of double shelled hollow SnO2/P(EGDMA-co-MAA) microspheres as anode material for lithium ion batteries.
Ta-substituted SnNb2−xTaxO6 photocatalysts for hydrogen evolution under visible light irradiation
Authors: Lee Chan Woo , Park Hoon Kee , Park Sangbaek , Han Hyun Soo , Seo Se Won , Song Hee Jo , Shin Sun , Kim Dong-Wan , Hong Kug Sun
Published: November 2014

Ta-substituted SnNb2−xTaxO6 was successfully prepared via a solid-state reaction to study the effect of Ta insertion in Nb sites on the crystal structure, photophysical properties, and photocatalytic activities for hydrogen evolution.
Metastable oxidation states of tetrathiafulvalenes on the surface of liposomes
Authors: Kauscher U. , Bartels K. , Schrader I. , Azov V. A. , Ravoo B. J.
Published: November 2014

Redox-active liposomes are prepared by the incorporation of tetrathiafulvalene–cholesterol conjugate 1 in phospholipid vesicles.
Nonvolatile memories using the electrets of conjugated rod-coil block copolymer and its nanocomposite with single wall carbon nanotubes
Authors: Chiu Yu-Cheng , Shih Chien-Chung , Chen Wen-Chang
Published: November 2014

Self-assembled conjugated rod-coil block copolymer and its nanocomposites with SWCNT could be used as the charge storage layer for high-performance OFET memory devices.
Calcium/Ask1/MKK7/JNK2/c-Src signalling cascade mediates disruption of intestinal epithelial tight junctions by dextran sulfate sodium
Authors: Samak Geetha , Chaudhry Kamaljit K. , Gangwar Ruchika , Narayanan Damodaran , Jaggar Jonathan H. , Rao RadhaKrishna
Published: November 2014

Disruption of intestinal epithelial tight junctions is an important event in the pathogenesis of ulcerative colitis. Dextran sodium sulfate (DSS) induces colitis in mice with symptoms similar to ulcerative colitis. However, the mechanism of DSS-induced colitis is unknown. We investigated the mechanism of DSS-induced disruption of intestinal epithelial tight junctions and barrier dysfunction in Caco-2 cell monolayers in vitro and mouse colon in vivo. DSS treatment resulted in disruption of tight junctions, adherens junctions and actin cytoskeleton leading to barrier dysfunction in Caco-2 cell monolayers. DSS induced a rapid activation of c-Jun N-terminal kinase (JNK), and the inhibition or knockdown of JNK2 attenuated DSS-induced tight junction disruption and barrier dysfunction. In mice, DSS administration for 4 days caused redistribution of tight junction and adherens junction proteins from the epithelial junctions, which was blocked by JNK inhibitor. In Caco-2 cell monolayers, DSS increased intracellular Ca2+ concentration, and depletion of intracellular Ca2+ by 1,2-bis-(o-aminophenoxy)ethane-N,N,N′,N′-tetra-acetic acid tetrakis(acetoxymethyl ester) (BAPTA/AM) or thapsigargin attenuated DSS-induced JNK activation, tight junction disruption and barrier dysfunction. Knockdown of apoptosis signal-regulated kinase 1 (Ask1) or MKK7 blocked DSS-induced tight junction disruption and barrier dysfunction. DSS activated c-Src by a Ca2+ and JNK-dependent mechanism. Inhibition of Src kinase activity or knockdown of c-Src blocked DSS-induced tight junction disruption and barrier dysfunction. DSS increased tyrosine phosphorylation of occludin, zonula occludens-1 (ZO-1), E-cadherin and β-catenin. SP600125 abrogated DSS-induced tyrosine phosphorylation of junctional proteins. Recombinant JNK2 induced threonine phosphorylation and auto-phosphorylation of c-Src. The present study demonstrates that Ca2+/Ask1/MKK7/JNK2/cSrc signalling cascade mediates DSS-induced tight junction disruption and barrier dysfunction.
Gremlin1 preferentially binds to bone morphogenetic protein-2 (BMP-2) and BMP-4 over BMP-7
Authors: Church Rachel H. , Krishnakumar Arjun , Urbanek Annika , Geschwindner Stefan , Meneely Julie , Bianchi Alessandro , Basta Barbro , Monaghan Sean , Elliot Christopher , Strömstedt Maria , Ferguson Neil , Martin Finian , Brazil Derek P.
Published: November 2014

Gremlin (Grem1) is a member of the DAN family of secreted bone morphogenetic protein (BMP) antagonists. Bone morphogenetic protein-7 (BMP-7) mediates protective effects during renal fibrosis associated with diabetes and other renal diseases. The pathogenic mechanism of Grem1 during diabetic nephropathy (DN) has been suggested to be binding and inhibition of BMP-7. However, the precise interactions between Grem1, BMP-7 and other BMPs have not been accurately defined. In the present study, we show the affinity of Grem1 for BMP-7 is lower than that of BMP-2 and BMP-4, using a combination of surface plasmon resonance and cell culture techniques. Using kidney proximal tubule cells and HEK (human embryonic kidney)-293 cell Smad1/5/8 phosphorylation and BMP-dependent gene expression as readouts, Grem1 consistently demonstrated a higher affinity for BMP-2>BMP-4>BMP-7. Cell-associated Grem1 did not inhibit BMP-2- or BMP-4-mediated signalling, suggesting that Grem1–BMP-2 binding occurred in solution, preventing BMP receptor activation. These data suggest that Grem1 preferentially binds to BMP-2 and this may be the dominant complex in a disease situation where levels of Grem1 and BMPs are elevated.
Synthetic DAF-12 modulators with potential use in controlling the nematode life cycle
Authors: Dansey María V. , Alvarez Lautaro D. , Samaja Gisela , Escudero Daiana S. , Veleiro Adriana S. , Pecci Adalí , Castro Olga A. , Burton Gerardo
Published: November 2014

Dafachronic acids (DAs) are 3-keto cholestenoic acids bearing a carboxylic acid moiety at the end of the steroid side chain. These compounds interact with the DAF-12 receptor, a ligand-dependent transcription factor that acts as a molecular switch mediating the choice between arrest at diapause or progression to reproductive development and adult lifespan in different nematodes. Recently, we reported that the 27-nor-Δ4-DA was able to directly activate DAF-12 in a transactivation cell-based luciferase assay and rescued the Mig phenotype of daf-9(rh50) Caenorhabditis elegans mutants. In the present paper, to investigate further the relationship between the structure of the steroid side chain and DAF-12 activity, we evaluated the in vitro and in vivo activity of Δ4-DA analogues with modified side chains using transactivation cell-based assays and daf-9(dh6) C. elegans mutants. Our results revealed that introduction of a 24,25-double bond on the cholestenoic acid side chain did not affect DAF-12 activity, whereas shortening the side chain lowered the activity. Most interestingly, the C24 alcohol 24-hydroxy-4-cholen-3-one (6) was an antagonist of the DAF-12 receptor both in vitro and in vivo.
A new structural insight into XPA–DNA interactions
Authors: Hilton Benjamin , Shkriabai Nick , Musich Phillip R. , Kvaratskhelia Mamuka , Shell Steven , Zou Yue
Published: November 2014

XPA (xeroderma pigmentosum group A) protein is an essential factor for NER (nucleotide excision repair) which is believed to be involved in DNA damage recognition/verification, NER factor recruiting and stabilization of repair intermediates. Past studies on the structure of XPA have focused primarily on XPA interaction with damaged DNA. However, how XPA interacts with other DNA structures remains unknown though recent evidence suggest that these structures could be important for its roles in both NER and non-NER activities. Previously, we reported that XPA recognizes undamaged DNA ds/ssDNA (double-strand/single-strandDNA) junctions with a binding affinity much higher than its ability to bind bulky DNA damage. To understand how this interaction occurs biochemically we implemented a structural determination of the interaction using a MS-based protein footprinting method and limited proteolysis. By monitoring surface accessibility of XPA lysines to NHS-biotin modification in the free protein and the DNA junction-bound complex we show that XPA physically interacts with the DNA junctions via two lysines, K168 and K179, located in the previously known XPA(98–219) DBD (DNA-binding domain). Importantly, we also uncovered new lysine residues, outside of the known DBD, involved in the binding. We found that residues K221, K222, K224 and K236 in the C-terminal domain are involved in DNA binding. Limited proteolysis analysis of XPA–DNA interactions further confirmed this observation. Structural modelling with these data suggests a clamp-like DBD for the XPA binding to ds/ssDNA junctions. Our results provide a novel structure-function view of XPA–DNA junction interactions.
Global Reconstruction for Extensive Destruction in Tuberculosis of the Lumbar Spine and Lumbosacral Junction: A Case Report
Authors: Uvaraj Nalli R. , Bosco Aju , Gopinath Nalli R.
Published: November 2014

Study Design

Case report.

Objective

To analyze the surgical difficulties in restoring global spinal stability and to describe an effective surgical option for tuberculosis with extensive destruction of the lumbosacral spine. Advanced tuberculosis with destruction of the lumbosacral spine can result in a kyphosis or hypolordosis, leading to back pain, spinal instability, and neurological deficits. The conventional treatment goals of lumbosacral tuberculosis are to correct and prevent a lumbar kyphosis, treat or prevent a neurological deficit, and restore global spinal stability. Instrumentation at the lumbosacral junction is technically demanding due to the complex local anatomy, the unique biomechanics, and the difficult fixation in the surrounding diseased bone.

Methods

We report a 21-year-old woman with tuberculosis from L1 to S2 with back pain and spinal instability. The radiographs showed a kyphosis of the lumbar spine. The magnetic resonance imaging and computed tomography scans revealed extensive destruction of the lumbar and lumbosacral spine. Spinopelvic stabilization combined with anterior debridement and reconstruction with free fibular strut graft was performed.

Results

The radiographs at follow-up showed a good correction of the kyphosis and excellent graft incorporation and fusion.

Conclusions

Anterior column reconstruction with a fibular strut graft helps restore and maintain the vertebral height. Posterior stabilization with spinopelvic fixation can be an effective surgical option for reconstructing the spine in extensive lumbosacral tuberculosis with sacral body destruction, requiring long fusions to the sacrum. It augments spinal stability, prevents graft-related complications, and accelerates the graft incorporation and fusion, thereby permitting early mobilization and rehabilitation. In spinal tuberculosis, antitubercular therapy may have to be prolonged in cases with large disease load, based on the clinicoradiographic and laboratory parameters.
Determinant Factors of Cloud-Sourcing Decisions: Reflecting on the IT Outsourcing Literature in the Era of Cloud Computing
Authors: Schneider Stephan , Sunyaev Ali
Published: November 2014

Cloud computing (CC) is an emerging form of IT outsourcing (ITO) that requires organizations to adjust their sourcing processes. Although ITO researchers have established an extensive knowledge base on the determinant factors that drive sourcing decisions from various theoretical perspectives, the majority of research on cloud-sourcing decisions focuses on technological aspects. We reviewed the CC and ITO literature and systematically coded the determinant factors that influence sourcing decisions. We show that most determinant factors of sourcing decisions in the ITO context remain valid for the CC context. However, the findings for some factors (i.e., asset specificity, client firm IT capabilities, client firm size, institutional influences, and uncertainty) are inconclusive for the CC and ITO contexts. We discuss how the peculiarities of CC can explain these inconclusive findings. Our results indicate that CC researchers should draw from research on ITO decision making but re-examine ITO concepts in the light of the peculiarities of CC, such as the differences between software and infrastructure services, the self-service procurement of cloud services, or the evolving role of IT departments. By summarizing determinant factors of cloud-sourcing decisions for consideration in future research, we contribute to the development of endogenous theories in the IS domain.
High energy product in Battenberg structured magnets
Authors: Bance S. , Oezelt H. , Schrefl T. , Winklhofer M. , Hrkac G. , Zimanyi G. , Gutfleisch O. , Evans R. F. L. , Chantrell R. W. , Shoji T. , Yano M. , Sakuma N. , Kato A. , Manabe A.
Published: November 2014

Multiphase nano-structured permanent magnets show a high thermal stability of remanence and a high energy product while the amount of rare-earth elements is reduced. Non-zero temperature micromagnetic simulations show that a temperature coefficient of remanence of −0.073%/K and that an energy product greater than 400 kJ/m3 can be achieved at a temperature of 450 K in a magnet containing around 40 volume percent Fe65Co35 embedded in a hard magnetic matrix.
Metal-oxide-semiconductor capacitors and Schottky diodes studied with scanning microwave microscopy at 18 GHz
Authors: Kasper M. , Gramse G. , Hoffmann J. , Gaquiere C. , Feger R. , Stelzer A. , Smoliner J. , Kienberger F.
Published: November 2014

We measured the DC and RF impedance characteristics of micrometric metal-oxide-semiconductor (MOS) capacitors and Schottky diodes using scanning microwave microscopy (SMM). The SMM consisting of an atomic force microscopy (AFM) interfaced with a vector network analyser (VNA) was used to measure the reflection S11 coefficient of the metallic MOS and Schottky contact pads at 18 GHz as a function of the tip bias voltage. By controlling the SMM biasing conditions, the AFM tip was used to bias the Schottky contacts between reverse and forward mode. In reverse bias direction, the Schottky contacts showed mostly a change in the imaginary part of the admittance while in forward bias direction the change was mostly in the real part of the admittance. Reference MOS capacitors which are next to the Schottky diodes on the same sample were used to calibrate the SMM S11 data and convert it into capacitance values. Calibrated capacitance between 1–10 fF and 1/C2 spectroscopy curves were acquired on the different Schottky diodes as a function of the DC bias voltage following a linear behavior. Additionally, measurements were done directly with the AFM-tip in contact with the silicon substrate forming a nanoscale Schottky contact. Similar capacitance-voltage curves were obtained but with smaller values (30–300 aF) due to the corresponding smaller AFM-tip diameter. Calibrated capacitance images of both the MOS and Schottky contacts were acquired with nanoscale resolution at different tip-bias voltages.
Evaluating shock absorption behavior of small-sized systems under programmable electric field
Authors: Jagtap Piyush , Kumar Praveen
Published: November 2014

A simple ball-drop impact tester is developed for studying the dynamic response of hierarchical, complex, small-sized systems and materials. The developed algorithm and set-up have provisions for applying programmable potential difference along the height of a test specimen during an impact loading; this enables us to conduct experiments on various materials and smart structures whose mechanical behavior is sensitive to electric field. The software-hardware system allows not only acquisition of dynamic force-time data at very fast sampling rate (up to 2 × 106 samples/s), but also application of a pre-set potential difference (up to ±10 V) across a test specimen for a duration determined by feedback from the force-time data. We illustrate the functioning of the set-up by studying the effect of electric field on the energy absorption capability of carbon nanotube foams of 5 × 5 × 1.2 mm3 size under impact conditions.
Combining molecular dynamics and an electrodiffusion model to calculate ion channel conductance
Authors: Wilson Michael A. , Nguyen Thuy Hien , Pohorille Andrew
Published: November 2014

Establishing the relation between the structures and functions of protein ion channels, which are protein assemblies that facilitate transmembrane ion transport through water-filled pores, is at the forefront of biological and medical sciences. A reliable way to determine whether our understanding of this relation is satisfactory is to reproduce the measured ionic conductance over a broad range of applied voltages. This can be done in molecular dynamics simulations by way of applying an external electric field to the system and counting the number of ions that traverse the channel per unit time. Since this approach is computationally very expensive we develop a markedly more efficient alternative in which molecular dynamics is combined with an electrodiffusion equation. This alternative approach applies if steady-state ion transport through channels can be described with sufficient accuracy by the one-dimensional diffusion equation in the potential given by the free energy profile and applied voltage. The theory refers only to line densities of ions in the channel and, therefore, avoids ambiguities related to determining the surface area of the channel near its endpoints or other procedures connecting the line and bulk ion densities. We apply the theory to a simple, model system based on the trichotoxin channel. We test the assumptions of the electrodiffusion equation, and determine the precision and consistency of the calculated conductance. We demonstrate that it is possible to calculate current/voltage dependence and accurately reconstruct the underlying (equilibrium) free energy profile, all from molecular dynamics simulations at a single voltage. The approach developed here applies to other channels that satisfy the conditions of the electrodiffusion equation.
Grain growth, anomalous scaling, and grain boundary grooving in polycrystalline CdTe thin films
Authors: Kwon Dohyoung , Shim Yunsic , Amar Jacques G. , Compaan Alvin D.
Published: November 2014

We examine the evolution of the surface morphology as well as the dynamics of grain growth and grain boundary (GB) grooving in polycrystalline CdTe films sputter deposited on CdS/glass substrates. Anomalous scaling behavior is found with local roughness exponent αloc = 1 and global (local) growth exponent β = 0.36 (βloc = 0.14). In good agreement with the scaling relation, βloc = β − nαloc, we obtain the correlation length exponent n=1/z≃0.23. We also find that the grain size coarsening exponent p and GB groove growth exponent βg are both equal to β, while the grain size distribution is well described by a log-normal distribution. These results suggest that GB grooving is responsible for the enhanced anomalous scaling and a deviation from the theoretical prediction of p = 1/2, along with the observed log-normal grain size distribution.
Analytical estimate of phase mixing time of longitudinal Akhiezer-Polovin waves
Authors: Mukherjee Arghya , Sengupta Sudip
Published: November 2014

Phase mixing of a longitudinal Akhiezer-Polovin wave subjected to a small amplitude longitudinal perturbation and its eventual breaking is studied analytically. It is well known that longitudinal Akhiezer-Polovin wave subjected to arbitrarily small longitudinal perturbation breaks via the process of phase mixing at an amplitude well below its limiting amplitude [Verma et al., Phys. Rev. Lett. 108, 125005 (2012)]. We analytically show that the phase mixing time (breaking time, ωpτmix) scales with β (phase velocity) and um(maximum fluid velocity) as ωpτmix∼2πβ3δ[1/um2−1/4], where δ is the amplitude of velocity perturbation and ωp is the non-relativistic plasma frequency. This analytical dependence of phase mixing time on β, um, and δ is further verified using numerical simulations based on Dawson sheet model.
Dust magneto-gravitational drift wave in g×B configuration
Authors: Salahshoor M. , Niknam A. R.
Published: November 2014

The dispersion relation of electrostatic waves in a magnetized complex plasma under gravity is presented. It is assumed that the waves propagate perpendicular to the external fields. The effects of weak electric field, neutral drag force, and ion drag force are also taken into account. The dispersion relation is numerically examined in an appropriate parameter space in which the gravity plays the dominant role in the dynamics of magnetized microparticles. The numerical results show that an unstable low frequency drift wave can be developed in the long wavelength limit. This unstable mode is transformed into an aperiodic stationary structure at a cut-off wavenumber. Furthermore, the influence of the external fields on the dispersion properties is analyzed. It is shown that the instability is essentially due to the E×B drift motion of plasma particles. However, in the absence of weak electric field, the g×B drift motion of microparticles can cause the instability in a wide range of wavenumbers. It is also found that by increasing the magnetic field strength, the wave frequency is first increased and then decreased. This behaviour is explained by the existence of an extremum point in the dust magneto-gravitational drift velocity.
Solid-state diffusion in amorphous zirconolite
Authors: Yang C. , Zarkadoula E. , Dove M. T. , Todorov I. T. , Geisler T. , Brazhkin V. V. , Trachenko K.
Published: November 2014

We discuss how structural disorder and amorphization affect solid-state diffusion, and consider zirconolite as a currently important case study. By performing extensive molecular dynamics simulations, we disentangle the effects of amorphization and density, and show that a profound increase of solid-state diffusion takes place as a result of amorphization. Importantly, this can take place at the same density as in the crystal, representing an interesting general insight regarding solid-state diffusion. We find that decreasing the density in the amorphous system increases pre-factors of diffusion constants, but does not change the activation energy in the density range considered. We also find that atomic species in zirconolite are affected differently by amorphization and density change. Our microscopic insights are relevant for understanding how solid-state diffusion changes due to disorder and for building predictive models of operation of materials to be used to encapsulate nuclear waste.
Improved confinement region without large magnetohydrodynamic activity in TPE-RX reversed-field pinch plasma
Authors: Yambe Kiyoyuki , Hirano Yoichi , Sakakita Hajime , Koguchi Haruhisa
Published: November 2014

We found that spontaneous improved confinement was brought about depending on the operating region in the Toroidal Pinch Experiment-Reversed eXperiment (TPE-RX) reversed-field pinch plasma [Y. Yagi et al., Fusion Eng. Des. 45, 421 (1999)]. Gradual decay of the toroidal magnetic field at plasma surface Btw reversal makes it possible to realize a prolonged discharge, and the poloidal beta value and energy confinement time increase in the latter half of the discharge, where reversal and pinch parameters become shallow and low, respectively. In the latter half of the discharge, the plasma current and volume-averaged toroidal magnetic field 〈Bt〉 increase again, the electron density slowly decays, the electron temperature and soft X-ray radiation intensity increase, and the magnetic fluctuations are markedly reduced. In this period of improved confinement, the value of (〈Bt〉-Btw)/Bpw, where Bpw is the poloidal magnetic field at the plasma surface, stays almost constant, which indicates that the dynamo action occurs without large magnetohydrodynamic activities.
High optical and switching performance electrochromic devices based on a zinc oxide nanowire with poly(methyl methacrylate) gel electrolytes
Authors: Chun Young Tea , Neeves Matthew , Smithwick Quinn , Placido Frank , Chu Daping
Published: November 2014

High performance electrochromic devices have been fabricated and demonstrated utilizing a solid polymer electrolyte and zinc oxide (ZnO) nanowire (NW) array counter electrode. The poly(methyl methacrylate) based polymer electrolyte was spin coated upon hydrothermally grown ZnO NW array counter electrodes, while electron beam evaporated NiOx thin films formed the working electrodes. Excellent optical contrast and switching speeds were observed in the fabricated devices with active areas of 2 cm2, exhibiting an optical contrast of 73.11% at the wavelength of 470 nm, combined with a fast switching time of 0.2 s and 0.4 s for bleaching and coloration, respectively.
Role of recombination, dissociation, and competition between exciton-charge reactions in magnetoconductance of polymeric semiconductor device
Authors: Radaoui M. , Saidani M. A. , Ben Fredj A. , Romdhane S. , Havlicek M. , Egbe D. A. M. , Sariciftci N. S. , Bouchriha H.
Published: November 2014

Magnetoelectrical measurements were performed on a diode structure, based on an anthracene-containing poly(arylene-ethynylylene)-alt-poly(arylene-vinylene) denoted AnE-PVstat, to clarify the role of the recombination and dissociation of electron-hole (e-h) pairs in the magnetoconductance (MC). We report the observed MC under a weak magnetic field (<1 T) at room and low temperatures. Positive MC is observed and reaches up to 2% at a magnetic field of 450 mT at room temperature. It is found that with the increase of the voltage, the MC effect decreases. We also report the difference in MC between perpendicular (θ = 90°) and parallel (θ = 0°) alignment of magnetic field with respect to the current direction. The experimental data were analyzed in the context of the e-h pair model, based on the Stochastic Liouville Equation. To interpret the experimental results on magnetoconductance measurements, anisotropic hyperfine interaction has been introduced through an anisotropic hyperfine field. The dissociation rates qS and qT of the singlet and triplet e-h pairs were determined from the best fit with experimental curves and are about 105 s−1, while the recombination rates of the singlet and triplet e-h pairs are kS ∼ 109 s−1 and kT ∼ 105 s−1, respectively. At low temperatures (T < 60 K), an unexpected “sign-reversal phenomenon” of the magnetoconductance is observed.
Exfoliated multilayer MoTe2 field-effect transistors
Authors: Fathipour S. , Ma N. , Hwang W. S. , Protasenko V. , Vishwanath S. , Xing H. G. , Xu H. , Jena D. , Appenzeller J. , Seabaugh A.
Published: November 2014

The properties of multilayer exfoliated MoTe2 field-effect transistors (FETs) on SiO2 were investigated for channel thicknesses from 6 to 44 monolayers (MLs). All transistors showed p-type conductivity at zero back-gate bias. For channel thicknesses of 8 ML or less, the transistors exhibited ambipolar characteristics. ON/OFF current ratio was greatest, 1 × 105, for the transistor with the thinnest channel, 6 ML. Devices showed a clear photoresponse to wavelengths between 510 and 1080 nm at room temperature. Temperature-dependent current-voltage measurements were performed on a FET with 30 layers of MoTe2. When the channel is turned-on and p-type, the temperature dependence is barrier-limited by the Au/Ti/MoTe2 contact with a hole activation energy of 0.13 eV. A long channel transistor model with Schottky barrier contacts is shown to be consistent with the common-source characteristics.
Set statistics in conductive bridge random access memory device with Cu/HfO2/Pt structure
Authors: Zhang Meiyun , Long Shibing , Wang Guoming , Xu Xiaoxin , Li Yang , Liu Qi , Lv Hangbing , Lian Xiaojuan , Miranda Enrique , Suñé Jordi , Liu Ming
Published: November 2014

The switching parameter variation of resistive switching memory is one of the most important challenges in its application. In this letter, we have studied the set statistics of conductive bridge random access memory with a Cu/HfO2/Pt structure. The experimental distributions of the set parameters in several off resistance ranges are shown to nicely fit a Weibull model. The Weibull slopes of the set voltage and current increase and decrease logarithmically with off resistance, respectively. This experimental behavior is perfectly captured by a Monte Carlo simulator based on the cell-based set voltage statistics model and the Quantum Point Contact electron transport model. Our work provides indications for the improvement of the switching uniformity.
Electron heating during discharges driven by thermionic emission
Authors: Levko D. , Krasik Ya. E.
Published: November 2014

The heating of plasma electrons during discharges driven by thermionic emission is studied using one-dimensional particle-in-cell Monte Carlo collisions modeling that self-consistently takes the dependence of the thermionic current on the plasma parameters into account. It is found that at a gas pressure of 102 Pa the electron two-stream instability is excited. As a consequence, the electrostatic plasma wave propagates from the cathode to the anode. The trapping of electrons by this wave contributes noticeably to the heating of the plasma. At a larger gas pressure, this instability is not excited. As a consequence, plasma electrons are heated only because of the generation of energetic electrons in ionization events and the scattering of emitted electrons.
Water absorption in thermally grown oxides on SiC and Si: Bulk oxide and interface properties
Authors: Liu Gang , Xu Can , Yakshinskiy Boris , Wielunski Leszek , Gustafsson Torgny , Bloch Joseph , Dhar Sarit , Feldman Leonard C.
Published: November 2014

We combine nuclear reaction analysis and electrical measurements to study the effect of water exposure (D2O) on the n-type 4H-SiC carbon face (0001¯) MOS system and to compare to standard silicon based structures. We find that: (1) The bulk of the oxides on Si and SiC behave essentially the same with respect to deuterium accumulation; (2) there is a significant difference in accumulation of deuterium at the semiconductor/dielectric interface, the SiC C-face structure absorbs an order of magnitude more D than pure Si; (3) standard interface passivation schemes such as NO annealing greatly reduce the interfacial D accumulation; and (4) the effective interfacial charge after D2O exposure is proportional to the total D amount at the interface.
Rearticulating governance through carbon in theLao PDR?
Authors: Dressler Wolfram H , Mahanty Sango , Clendenning Jessica , To Phuc Xuan
Published: November 2014

Interventions to ‘improve’ the human condition through democratic and capitalist ideals increasingly draw on capital and markets to influence governance in line with Western mandates of state building. As a major recent example, Reducing Emissions from Deforestation and Forest Degradation ‘plus’ (REDD+) develops new market regimes to govern, finance, and trade carbon in line with donor discourses of civil liberties, market expansion, and, more broadly, state building. Emerging REDD + networks that aim to finance and trade carbon now align with the conditionality and ideals of democratic governance, transparency, and accountability through processes of institution building (for state stability). This paper examines the connection between REDD + projects and state-making ideals in policy and practice as bilaterals and NGOs fuse the conditions and governance of one with the other. In the Lao PDR we argue that the governance machinery and interventions associated with REDD + facilitate governance agendas to manage people, goods, and carbon in line with Western narratives of robust governance, free markets, and integrity. We contend that the adoption of REDD + will nudge local markets and governance in this postsocialist bureaucracy toward such principles, but in ways that partly reinforce the state's longer term political and economic objectives. We conclude that, rather than conserve carbon per se, REDD + governance reflects a tempered, less absolute ‘extraterritoriality’, where its transnational influence is differentiated depending on how assumptions and ideals align with state motives in the context of forest governance, democratic reform, and rural development.
Gallant Desert Flora: Olive Pink’s Australian Arid Regions Flora Reserve
Authors: Beudel Saskia , Daly Margo
Published: November 2014

In the mid-1950s Olive Pink campaigned to have an area of land in Alice Springs set aside as a flora reserve. In 1956 the area was gazetted as the Australian Arid Regions Flora Reserve, with Pink appointed as honorary curator. Although Pink was not a professional horticulturalist or botanist, she established a garden that marked itself out from contemporary gardens, such as Maranoa Gardens and the Australian National Botanic Gardens, which were similarly committed to showcasing indigenous Australian plants. Pink's approach was pioneering in that she aimed to create a collection of plants selected by a delineated ‘climatic zone' and geographic area rather than drawn from all parts of the continent. This article argues that Pink developed a distinctive form of horticultural work informed by her passion for and close artistic observation of desert flora; her long experience establishing and maintaining gardens under central Australian ecological conditions; along with her anthropological insight into Indigenous knowledge of flora gained through her studies with Arrernte and Warlpiri people. Today we might recognize the principles that informed Pink's garden through the concepts of ‘water-wise gardens' and environmental sustainability practices.