bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
P‐13.12: The Delta E Color Dissimilarity Analysis of LCD Panels
Authors: Mao Zhou , Qiu Haiying , Shih Chingjen , Kang Zhichong
Published: June 2024

The CIE (International Commission on illumination) delta E test has been widely applied to quantize human beings color dissimilarity perceptions, and it is also an objective and professional way to judge a color accurate display in LCD (Liquid Crystal Display) field, then the LCD manufacturers spare no efforts to limit the delta E value and ensure its stability. This research aims to achieve the goal by conducting four related experiments, which are considered having great impact on delta E test result, including red/green/blue/white color variation experiment, white ACC (Accurate Color Capture) variation experiment, white gamma variation experiment, red/green/blue single gamma variation experiment. We found that the delta E test value can be deeply decreased by controlling the display color to approach to standard target color, including ensuring the display color red/green/blue to approach to sRGB (standard Red Green Blue) target color and adjusting white color to close to standard 6500K color temperature, moreover, the gamma value should be limited with no obvious deviation from typical value 2.2.
P‐15.9: Research on the Detection Method of AMOLED burn‐in In Display Panels
Authors: An Taisheng , Xie Hongjun , Gai Cuili
Published: June 2024

Wider gamut visual effects, Lower display power consumption, making AMOLED display technology popular among consumers. Based on its display and material characteristics, Mainstream high‐end display devices use AMOLED screens typically. Major screen manufacturers are also continuously making efforts in this technology domain. However, due to the degradation characteristics of OLED devices, the display panel has a shorter display lifetime. This article proposes a novel method for detecting the degradation degree of AMOLED devices, which helps to improve the accuracy of aging compensation, to achieve better display effects, and extend the service lifetime of the screen body. It can provide a training of thought in AMOLED aging compensation technology.
P‐15.10: Analysis of CPI Film on Bnding Performance of Flexible OLED Panels
Authors: Zheng Chen , Dong Zhe , Feng Qibin , Wang Zi , Lv Guoqiang
Published: June 2024

Flexible OLED displays have become a development trend. CPI film in a flexible panel can improve the bending performance of the panel. However, CPI film is prone to plastic deformation in the bending process, which will affect the reliability and service life of OLED panel. Finite element analysis is employed in this paper to analyze how CPI film affects the bending performance of a flexible OLED panel. The simulation results show that the optimization of the structure of water‐drop‐shaped bending can improve the plastic deformation of CPI film. The reasonable position of CPI film in the stacked structure can also improve its plastic deformation. The increase of the thickness of the OCA located below the CPI film can significantly reduce its plastic deformation. The analysis method used in this paper can help improve the bending performance of a flexible OLED panel.
P‐15.20: Influence of OLED Touch Metal Mesh on Optical Performance
Authors: Ding Ke , Zuo Xiang , Peng SiMin , Ni Jing , Gu Yu
Published: June 2024

With the growing demand for high‐quality Organic Light Emitting Diode (OLED) display, the design of screen structure by panel manufacturers needs to consider optical performance optimization carefully, such as Wide Angle Difference (WAD). The users hope that visual color bias of the OLED display on different angles appears as small as possible, and no red visual test will be particularly accepted. The OLED display panel is usually composed of Array substrates, OLED devices, Thin Film Encapsulation (TFE) layers, touch units, Polarizers and top cover plates. The touch units contain a metal mesh, which is distributed throughout the display screen and has a great impact on the optical performance of large viewing angles. This paper aims to clarify the optical design requirements of metal mesh and provide reference for OLED optical display designers.
P‐15.25: Study on Stability of Fine Metal Mask
Authors: Zang Gongzheng , Li Hui , Wang Panpan , Zhang Ziwen
Published: June 2024

With the increasing demand for high PPI and large‐sized OLED, the stability of Fine Metal Mask (FMM) in the evaporation process has become crucial. This article uses finite element analysis to investigate the effects of pixel structure, FMM tension force and the width of FMM beyond the support mask on the stability of FMM. The simulation results show that, the greater tension force, bigger E22 of FMM pixel structure, and extended width of FMM beyond the support mask will make the FMM sticks more stable during evaporation. The greatest influence factor is the tension force. Hence, it is suggested to apply greater tension force on FMM for high‐PPI and high‐aperture‐ratio OLED.
P‐15.26: Research on the Influence of Temperature Changes on the Touch Function and Performance of AMOLED Caused by Changes in Material Characteristics
Authors: Wang Jing , He Kun , He Xinglong , Zhang Caixia , Zhu Kunpeng , Shan Qi , Huang Genmao , Zhu Xiujian , Wang Xiangqian
Published: June 2024

AMOLED (Active‐matrix organic light‐emitting diode) is a new type of display technology, mainly used in the field of smartphones. Temperature is an important environmental factor for AMOLED displays on their function and performance. Temperature difference can cause changes in the material characteristics of AMOLED displays. It will occur touch failure and inability to respond to users’ operations. In order to reduce the adverse effects caused by temperature difference on touch, this paper studied the stability and reliability of different module materials in different temperature environments. The results showed that the module materials had a close relationship with the touch pattern during temperature changed. This paper further explored the pattern design parameter indicators to improve the touch performance of AMOLED through simulation experiments. This study provided a theoretical basis for optimizing the touch function and performance of AMOLED.
P‐15.29: A Clever Micro‐lens Structure for Higher Light Output Efficiency of OLED Device
Authors: Xu Feng , Zhao Chen , Tang Jialiang , Dai Chao , Wu Yuanjun
Published: June 2024

Improving the light output efficiency of OLED devices through micro lens is an important technological direction. Preparing high refractive index interfaces through inkjet printing is a mature production solution, but has limitations on screen borders. If high refractive index adhesive is used, it will also face limitations such as lower material refractive index and viscosity. In this paper, we propose a new micro lens structure to overcome the limitations of relative low refractive index of adhesive (n~1.6) and some problems encountered in the manufacturing process. Introducing a new low refractive index interface on the OC layer can expand the difference in refractive index, further improve efficiency, which does not require additional complex processes. This structure has good stability and can additionally improve the light output efficiency by about 5%, and it may become a potential technical improvement solution.
P‐15.31: Extremely High‐efficiency OLEDs by Phosphorescent Sensitized Devices
Authors: Ning Weimin , Xia Guoqi , Wu Kailong , Zhao Yuanyuan , Wang Fang , Gu Yu , Dai Chao , Wu Yuan-chun
Published: June 2024

In this paper, a method for further improving the efficiency of top emission organic light‐emitting diodes (TE‐OLEDs) by phosphorescent sensitized fluorescent organic light‐emitting diodes (PSF‐OLEDs) was provided. The maximum current efficiency (CE) of PSF‐OLEDs realized an improvement of nearly 40% compared with the phosphorescent device, which exhibited great potential in high‐efficiency OLEDs.
High‐performance geopolymer from brick wastes and metakaolin: Alkali treatment optimization, phase transformation, and property analysis
Authors: Moujoud Zineb , Sair Said , Ousaleh Hanane Ait , Amadine Othmane , Ayouch Ikrame , Zahouily Mohamed , El Bouari Abdeslam , Tanane Omar
Published: June 2024

This study presents a cost‐effective and eco‐friendly method to produce aluminosilicate materials using red brick waste (RBW) and metakaolin (MK) as silica and alumina precursors. RBW was subjected to alkaline fusion to increase its dissolution for geopolymerization reaction. Response surface methodology was used to investigate the effect of NaOH concentration and fusion temperature on the leaching of silica and alumina from RBW. The microstructure of the alkali‐fused RBW was analyzed using x‐ray diffraction and Fourier‐transform infrared spectroscopy. Response surface methodology confirmed and revealed that higher NaOH concentration (14 M) and a temperature of 660°C favored solubilized phase development, resulting in 85% and 50% leached silica and alumina, respectively. These optimized parameters were then employed to prepare geopolymer materials with different proportions of alkali‐fused RBW and MK, using NaOH and Na2SiO3 as the alkaline solution. The elaborated geopolymer binders were characterized using various techniques such as x‐ray diffraction (DRX), Fourier‐transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), thermal conductivity (λ), and fire resistance. The results showed that geopolymers containing 30 wt.% of alkali‐fused RBW exerted good mechanical and thermal insulation properties compared to conventional cement materials. However, excessive RBW addition causes negative effects. In addition, it was found that the blended geopolymers exhibited an increase in heat release rate (HRR), resulting in reduced fire resistance due to the presence of unreacted NaOH. Overall, these findings confirmed the potential sustainable use of RBW to partially replace MK in geopolymer as a material for building construction.
DL‐Isoborneol esters as nontoxic main plasticizers for polyvinyl chloride with improved processability, thermal stability, and mechanical performance
Authors: Chu Hong‐ying , Gao Chuan , Huang Shuai , Yao Xin‐Ding
Published: June 2024

DL‐Isoborneol is a forestry chemical product that can serve as an intermediate in the synthesis of value‐added plasticizer products. In this study, three kinds of DL‐Isoborneol esters (octanoic acid‐DL‐Isoborneol, decanoic acid‐DL‐Isoborneol ester, and lauric acid‐DL‐Isoborneol ester [LDE]) with different fatty hydrocarbon chains were synthesized via esterification reaction. Fourier transform infrared spectrometer (FT‐IR) and Nuclear magnetic hydrogen spectrum (1H NMR) indicated that DL‐Isoborneol esters were successfully synthesized. The oral toxicity experiment of plasticizers in mice indicated that DL‐Isoborneol esters have toxic doses of 5000 mg/kg and was environmentally friendly and nontoxic. DL‐Isoborneol esters were used as main plasticizers to plasticize polyvinyl chloride (PVC) and compared with commercial plasticizer dioctyl phthalate (DOP). The results showed that DL‐Isoborneol esters could improve thermoplastic processing performance and thermal stability of plasticized PVC than DOP. DL‐Isoborneol esters and PVC showed more excellent compatibility compared with DOP. Tg of plasticized PVC reached 22°C, tensile strength and elongation at break of PVC plasticized with 40 wt% LDE reached 12.90 ± 0.83 MPa and 342 ± 13%, respectively. DL‐Isoborneol esters with improved migration resistance performance and plasticization efficiency can completely replace DOP as main plasticizers for PVC.

Highlights

DL‐Isoborneol esters with different fatty hydrocarbon chains were synthesized.

DL‐Isoborneol esters have toxic doses of 5000 mg/kg and are nontoxic.

DL‐Isoborneol esters can be used as main plasticizer for PVC.

Plasticized PVC with improved processability.

DOP can be completely replaced by DL‐Isoborneol esters.
Prognostic value of tumor regression grade (TRG) after oncological gastrectomy for gastric cancer
Authors: Abboretti Francesco , Mantziari Styliani , Didisheim Laura , Schäfer Markus , Teixeira Farinha Hugo
Published: June 2024

Purpose

Perioperative chemotherapy combined with surgical resection represent the gold standard in the treatment of locally advanced gastric cancer. The Mandard tumor regression score (TRG) is widely used to evaluate pathological response to neoadjuvant treatment. The aim of this study was to assess the prognostic value of TRG in terms of overall survival (OS) and disease-free (DFS).

Methods

Retrospective analysis of all consecutive patients who underwent oncological gastrectomy after neoadjuvant chemotherapy from January 2007 to December 2019 for gastric adenocarcinoma was performed. Based on their TRG status they were categorized into two groups: good responders (TRG 1–2) and poor responders (TRG 3–5). Subsequent multivariable analyses were conducted.

Results

Seventy-four patients were included, whereby 15 (20.3%) were TRG 1–2. Neoadjuvant regimens for TRG 1–2 vs. TRG 3–5 were similar: MAGIC (53% vs. 39%), FLOT (40% vs. 36%), FOLFOX (7% vs. 15%, p = 0.462). Histologic types according to Lauren classification for TRG 1–2 vs. TRG 3–5 were: 13% vs. 29% intestinal, 53% vs. 44% diffuse and 34% vs. 27% indeterminate (p = 0.326). TRG 1–2 group exhibited significantly less advanced ypT (46% vs. 10%, p = 0.001) and ypN stages (66% vs. 37%, p = 0.008), alongside a diminished recurrence rate (20% vs. 42%, p = 0.111). The 3-year DFS was significantly better in this group (81% vs. 47%, p = 0.041) whereas the disparity in three-year OS (92% vs. 55%, p = 0.054) did not attain statistical significance.

Conclusions

TRG 1–2 was associated with less advanced ypT and ypN stage and better DFS compared to TRG 3–5 patients, without a significant impact on OS.
Paternal intelligence affects school grades in children with and without ADHD - a register-based study
Authors: Markkula Andrea , Igelström Kajsa , Zhang He , Capusan Andrea Johansson
Published: June 2024

ADHD profoundly impacts educational attainment, quality of life, and health in young adults. However, certain subgroups of ADHD patients seem to do quite well, potentially due to differences in intelligence and socioeconomic status. Here we used paternal intelligence from the Swedish Defence Conscription and Assessment register, to investigate the role of genetic propensity for intelligence, on school performance in a large cohort of ADHD patients and matched controls. Patients treated for ADHD in Linköping, Sweden between 1995 and 2020 (n = 3262), sex- and age-matched controls (n = 9591) as well as their parents and siblings were identified using regional and national registers. Socioeconomic and demographic data, ADHD diagnosis and treatment and school grades at age 16 for the study population were extracted from Swedish National registers. We explored the associations between paternal intelligence and child school performance using linear mixed models and mediation analyses, taking a wide range of potential covariates into account. Results indicate that paternal intelligence was positively associated with standardized school grades in their offspring (Zadjusted=0.09, 95%CI 0.07, 0.10). This effect was present in both ADHD patients and controls, but ADHD patients had significantly lower standardized grades (Zadjusted=-1.03, 95%CI -1.08, -0.98). Child ADHD did not serve as a mediator for how paternal intelligence affected school grades. Our findings indicate that ADHD prevents children from reaching their academic potential at all levels of paternal intelligence. Increased understanding of the contributions of ADHD, intelligence, and SES to functional outcomes can help clinicians to better personalize interventions to the unique preconditions in each patient.
Charge Motion in Solid Helium
Authors: Golov A. I. , Efimov V. B. , Levchenko A. A. , Mezhov-Deglin L. P.
Published: June 2024

We overview and discuss several advances in the understanding of the motion of ions through solid helium. Positive and negative ions in solid helium are microscopic complexes with internal structures embedded into the host crystal lattice. Their low-field mobilities normally decrease with cooling in both bcc and hcp crystals of either isotope of helium ($$^3$$3He and$$^4$$4He). Depending on the density of solid helium (as well as, in the case of positive ions in hcp$$^4$$4He, on the crystal orientation), the corresponding activation energies for the mobility of the two species of ions may or may not coincide, and they are found to be typically either equal to or about twice the vacancy creation energy. In strong electric fields, the field dependence of the drift velocity of ions is often nonlinear but monotonic. However, for positive ions in hcp$$^4$$4He, non-monotonic anomalies in both temperature and field dependences of the drift velocity were observed. We discuss these features within the framework of the theory of ion motion via inelastic scattering of low-energy vacancions put forward by Alexander Andreev and co-workers.
Exploring the Impact of Artificial Intelligence in Teaching and Learning of Science: A Systematic Review of Empirical Research
Authors: Almasri Firas
Published: June 2024

The use of Artificial Intelligence (AI) in education is transforming various dimensions of the education system, such as instructional practices, assessment strategies, and administrative processes. It also plays an active role in the progression of science education. This systematic review attempts to render an inherent understanding of the evidence-based interaction between AI and science education. Specifically, this study offers a consolidated analysis of AI’s impact on students’ learning outcomes, contexts of its adoption, students’ and teachers’ perceptions about its use, and the challenges of its use within science education. The present study followed the PRISMA guidelines to review empirical papers published from 2014 to 2023. In total, 74 records met the eligibility for this systematic study. Previous research provides evidence of AI integration into a variety of fields in physical and natural sciences in many countries across the globe. The results revealed that AI-powered tools are integrated into science education to achieve various pedagogical benefits, including enhancing the learning environment, creating quizzes, assessing students’ work, and predicting their academic performance. The findings from this paper have implications for teachers, educational administrators, and policymakers.
The Role of Occipitotemporal Network for Speed-Reading: An fMRI Study
Authors: Sun Dexin , Zhang Zhilin , Oishi Naoya , Dai Qi , Thuy Dinh Ha Duy , Abe Nobuhito , Tachibana Jun , Funahashi Shintaro , Wu Jinglong , Murai Toshiya , Fukuyama Hidenao
Published: June 2024

The activity of occipitotemporal regions involved in linguistic reading processes, such as the ventral occipitotemporal cortex (vOT), is believed to exhibit strong interactions during higher-order language processing, specifically in the connectivity between the occipital gyrus and the temporal gyrus. In this study, we utilized functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) with psychophysiological interaction (PPI) and dynamic causal modeling (DCM) to investigate the functional and effective connectivity in the occipitotemporal network during speed reading. We conducted the experiment with native Japanese speakers who underwent and without speed-reading training and subsequently performed established reading tasks at different speeds (slow, medium, and fast) while undergoing 3-Tesla Siemens fMRI. Our activation analyses revealed significant changes in occipital and temporal regions as reading speed increased, indicating functional connectivity within the occipitotemporal network. DCM results further demonstrated more intricate effective connections and high involvement within the occipitotemporal pathway: (1) reading signals originated from the inferior occipital gyrus (iO), distributed to the vOT and the posterior superior temporal sulcus (pSTS), and then gathered in the anterior superior temporal sulcus (aSTS); (2) reading speed loads had modulation effects on the pathways from the aSTS to vOT and from the iO to vOT. These findings highlight the complex connectivity and dynamic interactions within the occipitotemporal network during speed-reading processes.
The Effect of Various Environmental Pollutants on the Reproductive Health in Children: A Brief Review of the Literature
Authors: Yesildemir Ozge , Celik Mensure Nur
Published: June 2024

Purpose of Review

Environmental pollutants in air, water, soil, and food are a significant concern due to their potential adverse effects on fetuses, newborns, babies, and children. These chemicals, which pass to fetuses and babies through trans-placental transfer, breast milk, infant formula, dermal transfer, and non-nutritive ingestion, can cause health problems during childhood. This review aims to discuss how exposure to various environmental pollutants in early life stages can disrupt reproductive health in children.

Recent Findings

Environmental pollutants can affect Leydig cell proliferation and differentiation, decreasing testosterone production throughout life. This may result in cryptorchidism, hypospadias, impaired semen parameters, and reduced fertility. Although many studies on female reproductive health cannot be interpreted to support causal relationships, exposure to pollutants during critical windows may subsequently induce female reproductive diseases, including early or delayed puberty, polycystic ovary syndrome, endometriosis, and cancers.

There is growing evidence that fetal and early-life exposure to environmental pollutants could affect reproductive health in childhood. Although diet is thought to be the primary route by which humans are exposed to various pollutants, there are no adopted nutritional interventions to reduce the harmful effects of pollutants on children's health. Therefore, understanding the impact of environmental contaminants on various health outcomes may inform the design of future human nutritional studies.
A New Approach to FRAND Royalty Determination in IoT Value Chains: Insights from Connected Cars
Authors: Pourrahim Maryam
Published: June 2024

The complexities surrounding connected cars, especially the integration of Telematics Control Units (TCUs), intensify uncertainties within their value chains. Disputes arise regarding rightful licensees and applicable rates. Standard Essential Patent (SEP) holders push for royalties from end-product manufacturers, pegged to final product prices. Conversely, manufacturers and suppliers argue for licensing directed at suppliers, restricting royalties to the TCU’s price. This discord unfolded in the legal tussle involving Nokia (SEP holder), Daimler (car manufacturer), and its supplier, litigated in German courts. This context underscores the significance behind the EU Commission’s proposal on SEP licensing issued in April 2023. Addressing escalating disputes and uncertainties surrounding Fair, Reasonable, and Non-Discriminatory (FRAND) royalty rates, the proposal aims to establish transparency and predictability in SEP licensing. In our study, we have devised a proposal aimed at reshaping this landscape. We challenge the conventional linkage of SEP royalties solely to end-product prices within intricate value chains. Instead, we advocate tying SEP royalties to the economic value attributed to the SEP, specifically focusing on connectivity within Internet of Things (IoT) applications. Our proposal suggests granting licences to the party responsible for designing the IoT component, irrespective of its role in the value chain. This functionalistic approach also proposes establishing the royalty base through technical, measurable factors like data consumption. This model offers objectivity in determining FRAND rates, potentially fostering constructive negotiations and offering environmental benefits.
A Labor-Saving Method of Pipe Uplifting Countermeasure with Geocell-Geotextile Combination
Authors: Nagatani Taishi , Sawada Yutaka , Ikebata Ruka , Ito Shuji , Sonoda Yusuke , Kawabata Toshinori
Published: June 2024

In this study, we proposed a new method which mitigates pipe uplifting by utilizing geocells and geotextiles. The method resulted in labor saving in construction. To verify the effectiveness of the proposed method, we reproduced pipe uplift by conducting push-up tests using a 150-mm-diameter pipe. The test results showed that the proposed method increased the peak resistance and the resistance at large displacement by 1.47 and 3.35 times, respectively, compared to the unreinforced method. The proposed method also increased the peak resistance by 1.13 times compared to the conventional method widely used in Japan. It demonstrated consistently high resistance even after the peak. This indicated that the proposed method is very effective as a countermeasure against pipe uplift. Furthermore, increasing the overall width of the geocell improved the resistance. In this study, two different approaches were used to evaluate the uplift resistance of the pipe. The approaches showed that, with geocell reinforcement, most of the dead weight at the pipe sides and above them contributed to the peak resistance. It was also found that the peak resistance of the proposed method can be predicted to some extent by modifying the previously proposed equation.
Optimizing Geotechnical Data Input Based on Light Weight Deflectometer for Road Design and Performance Analysis
Authors: Kuttah Dina
Published: June 2024

This study explores alternative methods for assessing critical parameters in pavement design, specifically Young’s modulus and Poisson’s ratio. While repeated load triaxial testing is traditionally used, its high cost and time requirements drive the search for more efficient methods. Falling weight deflectometer tests are also resource-intensive, leading to the investigation of light weight deflectometer tests. Utilizing EraPave software for analysis, which employs a multi-layer elastic theory back-calculation tool, the research examines material properties through laboratory tests on unbound granular material, sandy soil, silty sand soil, and sandy silty clay soil, providing data for field tests. Field LWD tests, conducted under various moisture contents and dynamic loads, provided data processed through EraPave to predict layer moduli. Results demonstrate LWD’s effectiveness in predicting layer moduli for different construction materials. Despite variations in root mean square error values, LWD data consistently align well with EraPave predictions, underscoring its reliability for pavement evaluation. Case studies illustrate LWD and EraPave’s adaptability to different moisture contents and stresses. This study advocates for LWD tests’ efficiency and highlights the importance of analytical tools like EraPave for accurate pavement assessments, contributing to optimized pavement evaluation processes and informed road construction and maintenance decisions.
Beyond the First Trimester: Social Determinants of Delayed Prenatal Care at a Community Health Center Using the PRAPARE Tool
Authors: Page Abbie , McCann Rebecca , Maness Sarah , Merriweather Maya , Dobbs Page D.
Published: June 2024

Social determinants of health have been used to explore associations with pregnancy outcomes and the birth weight of infants; however, research employing individually based social risk measures has not examined associations among underserved populations, including pregnant persons at community health centers. Data were collected from a sample (n = 345) of pregnant persons who sought care at a community health center between January 2019 and December 2020. Social risks of pregnant patients were measured using the PRAPARE tool. First, associations between patients’ social risks and trimester in which they initiated care were assessed using ANOVAs, grouping social risk by PRAPARE social determinant domains (persona characteristics, family and home, money and resources, and social and emotional health). ANOVAs were stratified by ethnicity. Next, a multivariate logistic regression examined associations between social measures and seeking care after the first trimester. Patients who sought care in the first trimester reported more financial needs than those who sought care in the second (p = .02) or the third (p = .049). Hispanic patients who sought care in the first trimester reported more monetary needs than those who sought care in the second trimester (p = .048), and non-Hispanic patients who sought care in the first trimester reported greater family and home needs than those who sought care in the second trimester (p = .47). Those who experienced stress were 3.07 times as likely to seek care after the first trimester as those who reported no stress. CHC may reduce social risk among poor and underserved communities by reducing barriers to access to care.
Contributions of Federico Olóriz to the systematic paleontology of ammonites and taxa dedicated to him
Authors: Villaseñor Ana Bertha
Published: June 2024

Federico Olóriz is a renowned geologist-paleontologist scientist from the University of Granada, Spain, who throughout his academic career has contributed in an outstanding way to the study of the Jurassic and ammonites, mainly. Among his various contributions, one of the most important is the systematic paleontological revision of several taxa of the group, with the proposal of several new genera, subgenera, species and subspecies, as well as the amendment of several families. His successful career has been deserving of recognition, by several specialists, with the dedication of various taxa in honor of his name. The compilation of all those taxa proposed by the author and collaborators, as well as taxa dedicated to him, is presented. The presentation is chronological, taxonomic classification from family level, figures, holotype, original diagnosis, type locality and age data are given. Excluded are those contributions of the author and/or collaborators for variants, and taxa proposed informally (mentioned only as n. 1 or sp. A, etc.).
Quo Vadis Lehr-Lernforschung? Versuch der wissenschaftstheoretischen Verortung eines transdisziplinären und multiperspektivischen Forschungsfeldes
Authors: Nückles Matthias
Published: June 2024

Es handelt sich bei diesem Beitrag um einen Kommentar, den der Autor für das „Weiterdenkheft“ der Unterrichtswissenschaft anlässlich des 50-jährigen Bestehens der Zeitschrift verfasst hat. Die Lehr-Lern-Forschung wird darin als ein transdisziplinäres Forschungsfeld vorgestellt, welches in Deutschland in der Erziehungswissenschaft, der Psychologie und teilweise in den Fachdidaktiken verankert ist. International gibt es Lehr-Lern-Forschung in den Bereichen Science Education, Medical Education, Cognitive Science und in der amerikanischen Teacher Education. Die Verankerung in unterschiedlichen Disziplinen bzw. Forschungsbereichen erklärt zwei weitere Spezifika der Lehr-Lern-Forschung, nämlich die Diversität der forschungsmethodischen Zugänge und die Diversität der theoretischen Perspektiven. Mit Anna Sfard (1998) wird ein postmodernes Verständnis wissenschaftlicher Theoriebildung formuliert, in welchem multiple methodische Zugänge sowie teils einander widersprechende theoretische Perspektiven keinen unbefriedigenden, zu überwindenden Zustand der Wissenschaft darstellen, sondern die Conditio Humaine unseres wissenschaftlichen Handelns bilden.

Auf Basis dieser wissenschaftstheoretischen Charakterisierung findet eine Auseinandersetzung dem Renkl’schen Positionspapier (Unterrichtswissenschaft, 51, 39–62) zum Theorie-Defizit statt. Renkls Diagnose wird prinzipiell als zutreffend erachtet, allerdings fällt seine Bewertung zu negativ aus. Ausgehend von Deleuze und Guattaris (1977) poststrukturalistischem Modell der Wissensorganisation wird vermutet, dass Renkl sich bei seiner Diagnose implizit von der Baummetapher der Erkenntnis hat leiten lassen, wonach das von den Wissenschaftler*innen produzierte Wissen sich zu einer hierarchisch geordneten, logischen Struktur systematisieren lasse. Als Alternative zu dieser idealistischen Vorstellung schlugen Deleuze und Guattari das Rhizom – ein polymorph wucherndes, nicht-hierarchisches Wurzelgeflecht – als realistisches Modell der Wissensorganisation vor. „Rhizom“ halte ich als Metapher für die Ergebnisse unserer wissenschaftlichen Bemühungen für angemessener, denn sie impliziert ein wissenschaftliches Selbstverständnis, das die Begrenztheit der eigenen theoretischen und forschungsmethodischen Prämissen und des damit Erreichbaren anerkennt, sowie von Pluralität und Offenheit gekennzeichnet ist. Würde solch ein postmodernes Selbstverständnis in der Lehr-Lern-Forschung allgemein geteilt, resultierten daraus wiederum Chancen zur Überwindung des von Renkl konstatierten Theoriedefizits.
Thermal time and time of sowing impacts disease development of Brassica napus inoculated with diverse Sclerotinia sclerotiorum isolates
Authors: Bennett Sarita Jane , Lamichhane Ashmita Rijal , Michael Pippa Joanne
Published: June 2024

Sclerotinia stem rot (SSR), caused by the necrotrophic fungal pathogen Sclerotinia sclerotiorum, is a severe disease of broadleaf crops including canola/rapeseed (Brassica napus), leading to significant yield loss in conducive years. Replication of field conditions is challenging in variety disease resistance screening with testing required under a wide range of environmental conditions and at different plant growth stages. We investigated the role of thermal time in disease progression using three sowing times in the growing season, with six commonly grown Australian varieties of canola inoculated with four diverse West Australian isolates of S. sclerotiorum at 30% flowering. Area Under the Disease Progression Stairs (AUDPS), sclerotia production and weight, and seed production were measured. Time of sowing was found to be a crucial factor in explaining differences in AUDPS, stem width, seed production and sclerotia number according to the analysis of variance (P < 0.05), influencing isolate aggressiveness and disease progression. Linear mixed-effect models, regression decision tree models and principal components analysis were also conducted to determine the importance of a range of variables being included in variety screening for resistance. For all these analyses, both thermal time from sowing to 30% flowering when plants were inoculated, as well as thermal time over the 28-day inoculation period, in both canola and S. sclerotiorum, were important in explaining the variation. The study concludes by recommending that thermal time should be included in future SSR prediction risk models.
A new graph labeling with Tribonacci, Fibonacci and Triangular numbers
Authors: Ignatius Fredrick , Kaspar S.
Published: June 2024

In this paper, a new graph labeling technique using three sequences of numbers, namely Tribonacci, Fibonacci and Triangular is introduced. They are named as Tribo-Fibo-Triangular labeling and denoted as TF$$\Delta $$
Δ
labeling. Assignment of the labeling is done based on the families of generalized Petersen graphs GP (n,2), GP(n,3) and a generalization of these graph are also presented. Applications related to recruitment of employees in a health care sector and the selection of teams in a school ambience are arrived by using of these three sequences of graphs along with computational intelligence. A board game is developed and presented using these three sequences.
Insights into the hierarchical geometries of hybrid low-dimensional carbons
Authors: Mandal Subhash , Singh Ratna , Roy Debmalya , Mukhopadhyay Kingsuk , Dwivedi Mayank , Joshi Mangala
Published: June 2024

Hybrid 3D nanomaterials have been prepared by immobilizing the acid-functionalized MWCNTs into the edge-functionalized/oxidized Few Layer Graphene (FLG) flakes to address the dispersion and exfoliation of FLG flakes. Both acid-functionalized MWCNTs and the edge-oxidized FLG flakes were prepared in the laboratory. The acid-functionalized MWCNTs were prepared via oxidative treatment using a mixture of nitric acid (HNO3) and sulphuric acid (H2SO4). Fenton’s reaction was utilized for the preparation of the edge-oxidized FLG flakes using graphite flakes as the starting material. After the functionalization, the presence of the oxygen-containing functional groups was confirmed using FTIR spectroscopy and XPS spectroscopy. The thermal stabilities of the nanomaterials were compared using TGA thermogram and the 3D nanomaterial was observed to be more stable than any other nanoparticles that were prepared and reported in this paper. The surface morphology was observed using the SEM and TEM, and the immobilized functionalized MWCNTs between the edge functionalized FLG flakes were observed. The XRD spectra of the nanoparticles were also compared and Raman analyses have been carried out.
Benefits and challenges of using oer in higher education: a pragmatic review
Authors: Swain Bijay Kumar , Pathak Ram Kumar
Published: June 2024

The teaching–learning process is not only focused on traditional classroom instruction but also encompasses the online teaching process. It demands the importance of OERs in both the teaching–learning process and also in the assessment process. It helps in providing a new direction in the area of OER in higher education. The purpose of the study is to explore the importance of OER in higher education and to examine the challenges faced by teachers or students in making, sharing, and using OER in different areas of higher education. 167 peer-reviewed articles were searched, and downloaded, and then only 40 articles were selected for final analysis through the PRISMA method. The findings of the present study reveal that most of the faculty members and students widely used OER in the different teaching–learning processes of higher education. The use of OER helps in cost reduction for purchasing of books, enhances enrolment ratio, enhances the teaching and research skills, and also supports the students for their examination. Though there are a lot of benefits of using OER in higher education proper institutional policy, financial support, basic knowledge of technology, lack of awareness and proper peer feedback, and lack of cooperation from institutions are the major constraints for the development of quality OER resources.
Assessment of self-perceived knowledge of key clinical pharmacology concepts and educational needs among European Paediatric Intensive Care Units: an ESPNIC survey
Authors: Daverio Marco , Sperotto Francesca , Poletto Elisa , Bianzina Stefania , Butragueño Laiseca Laura , Cardona Francesco , De Cock Pieter , De Hoog Matthijs , George Sylvia , Oualha Mehdi , Pokorna Paula , Sfriso Francesca , Tessari Anna , de Wildt Saskia N , Amigoni Angela
Published: June 2024

Background

Knowledge of clinical pharmacology concepts is essential to improve patients’ outcomes. Scarce data is available on the utilisation of these concepts in the paediatric intensive care unit (PICU). We aimed to investigate the self-perceived knowledge of clinical pharmacology concepts, educational needs and identify priorities for pharmacological research across European PICUs.

Methods

From July to November 2022 an online survey was distributed to evaluate i) the self-reported knowledge, and ii) application of key pharmacology concepts in clinical practice (using a likert scale from 1 = never apply to 10 = always apply); iii) need for additional education on them; and iv) key areas for future pharmacological research. The survey was distributed to European Society of Paediatric and Neonatal Intensive Care (ESPNIC) members and other European national PICUs societies members.

Results

Two-hundred-thirty-seven responses from 149 PICUs were collected. 54% of PICUs reported to have a clinical pharmacologist available for consultation during drug prescription and 65% of them regularly contact them during the prescribing process. Among clinical pharmacology concepts the parameter with the highest self-reported knowledge was half-life (99%) and the lowest were pharmacodynamics and volume-of-distribution (92%). The reported median application of these concepts in clinical practice ranged between 5/10 and 7/10. Most of the respondents reported the need for additional education on specific pharmacology concepts. Reported priorities for drug research mostly involved analgesics/sedatives (87%), antimicrobials (86%), and cardiovascular medications (55%).

Conclusions

Self-reported knowledge on clinical pharmacology concepts seems good, but self-perceived clinical application may improve and most of the respondents report a need for additional education. These findings call for concerted multidisciplinary efforts to streamline education and guidelines to fill this gap.
Determination of potentially toxic heavy metals in selected wood treatment sites in Uasin Gishu County and their associated health concerns
Authors: Miranji Edwin K. , Kibet Joshua K. , Kipkemboi Pius K.
Published: June 2024

One of the monumental environmental and public health concerns of our time lies in the use of toxic preservatives in wood treatment plants. In this investigation, we report the results of potentially toxic heavy metals from wood treatment plants in Uasin Gishu County. A 20 g ground and sieved soil sample from each sampling site Cheplaskei (CK), Outspan (OS) and Sukunanga (SK) was weighed and treated with 0.5 M nitric acid for 2 h. The sample was then analyzed for potentially toxic metals using inductively coupled plasma atomic emission spectroscopy (ICP-AES). The statistical treatment of the data was done using Principal component analysis (PCA) and Pearson’s correlation. The highest concentration of copper was observed at SK, which contributed approximately 37% of all the potentially toxic heavy metal content analyzed, whereas the concentration of lead was found to be about 33% of the total heavy metal content analyzed at the same sampling site. Furthermore, the most abundant metal in the sampled sites is manganese, which was found to be 390.0 ± 8.63, 279.0 ± 8.05and 44.5 ± 2.95 ppm in OS, CK, and SK, respectively. PCA showed that the heavy metals in the sample sites originated from two independent sources—natural and anthropogenic. Evidently from the concentration profile data, all the potentially toxic heavy metals had concentrations above the World Health Organization (WHO) acceptable limits, although, based on the contamination factors determined, the wood treatment sites are less polluted; however, there is need for regular monitoring to ensure adherence to proper public and environmental health practices.
Do green finance and digital technology matter for sustainable agricultural development? Insights from sub-Saharan Africa
Authors: Addai Kwaku , Yufenyuy Mohamed , Kifem Frankline Lifolav
Published: June 2024

Sustainable agricultural progress is one of the world’s greatest challenges in the twenty-first century as the global population is estimated to rise to over nine billion by 2050. Over the years, the Food and Agricultural Organization (FAO) and the African Union (AU) have sought prosperous African Policies based on sustainable agriculture and inclusive growth. Additionally, the AU has adopted the Comprehensive African Agricultural Development Programme (CAADP) policy framework. Given the growing need for innovative policies and studies to reduce the negative environmental effects of agricultural development in Africa, this paper investigates the significance of green finance and digital technologies on green agricultural growth in sub-Saharan Africa (SSA) from 2003 to 2018. Analysis of panel co-integration estimates indicates all variables are integrated. Using the panel-corrected standard errors estimator for long-run equilibrium co-integration assessment, the outcomes indicate mitigated green finance (MGF), internet and mobile phone use (IMU), as well as sustainable energy utilization (RE), individually and collectively exert a positive effect on agriculture, forestry and fishing value added (AVA). Additionally, panel causality estimates indicate (i) a bi-directional causality between MGF and AVA. (ii) A uni-directional causality running from IMU towards AVA without any rebound effect. For policy insights, the AU could urge member states to implement macro-policies to increase agricultural green credit to sustain food production and employment generation. Similarly, the FAO and AU could provide technical support in digital agricultural research and value chains towards ensuring sustainable agriculture development in SSA.
Questioning the nature and origins of the “social agent” concept
Authors: Tatone Denis , Pomiechowska Barbara
Published: June 2024

Spelke posits that the concept of “social agent,” who performs object-directed actions to fulfill social goals, is the first noncore concept that infants acquire as they begin to learn their native language. We question this proposal on empirical grounds and theoretical grounds, and propose instead that the representation of object-mediated interactions may be supported by a dedicated prelinguistic mechanism.
Concepts, core knowledge, and the rationalism–empiricism debate
Authors: Margolis Eric , Laurence Stephen
Published: June 2024

While Spelke provides powerful support for concept nativism, her focus on understanding concept nativism through six innate core knowledge systems is too confining. There is also no reason to suppose that thecurse of a compositional mindconstitutes a principled reason for positing less innate structure in explaining the origins of concepts. Any solution to such problems must take into account poverty of the stimulus considerations, which argue for postulating more innate structure, not less.
Developmental origin of a language–cognition interface in infants: Gateway to advancing core knowledge?
Authors: Waxman Sandra R.
Published: June 2024

Spelke's sweeping proposal requires greater precision in specifying the place of language in early cognition. We now know by 3 months of age, infants have already begun to forge a link between language and core cognition. This precocious link, which unfolds dynamically over development, may indeed offer an entry point for acquiring higher-order, abstract conceptual and representational capacities.
How do babies come to know what babies know?
Authors: Moore David S. , Lewkowicz David J.
Published: June 2024

Elizabeth Spelke's What Babies Know is a scholarly presentation of core knowledge theory and a masterful compendium of empirical evidence that supports it. Unfortunately, Spelke's principal theoretical assumption is that core knowledge is simply the innate product of cognitive evolution. As such, her theory fails to explicate the developmental mechanisms underlying the emergence of the cognitive systems on which that knowledge depends.
Is there only one innate modular system for spatial navigation?
Authors: Duval Alexandre
Published: June 2024

Spelke convincingly argues that we should posit six innate modular systems beyond the periphery (i.e., beyond low-level perception and motor control). I focus on the case of spatial navigation (Ch. 3) to claim that there remain powerful considerations in favor of positing additional innate, nonperipheral modules. This opens the door to stronger forms of nativism and nonperipheral modularism than Spelke's.
Where is the baby in core knowledge?
Authors: Gweon Hyowon , Zhu Peter
Published: June 2024

What we know about what babies know – as represented by the core knowledge proposal – is perhaps missing a place for the baby itself. By studying the baby as an actor rather than an observer, we can better understand the origins of human intelligence as an interface between perception and action, and how humans think and learn about themselves in a complex world.
The brain origins of early social cognition
Authors: Grossmann Tobias
Published: June 2024

This commentary challenges Spelke's view on the early development of social cognition from a neuroscience perspective by presenting an overlooked body of evidence from neuroimaging research on joint attention with human infants. Indeed, evidence demonstrating adult-like, neural sensitivity to joint attention in young infants, supports alternative theoretical views concerning the origins of uniquely human forms of social cognition.