bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Frailty and mortality in hospitalized older adults with COVID-19: retrospective observational study
Authors: Smet Robert De , Mellaerts Bea , Vandewinckele Hannelore , Lybeert Peter , Frans Eric , Ombelet Sara , Lemahieu Wim , Symons Rolf , Ho Erwin , Frans Johan , Smismans Annick , Laurent Michaël R.
Published: May 2020

Background

Older adults with coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) face an increased risk of adverse health outcomes including mortality. Ethical guidelines consider allocation of limited resources based on likelihood of survival, frilty, co-morbidities and age. However, the association of frailty with clinical outcomes in older COVID-19 patients remains unclear.

Objectives

To determine the association between frailty and short-term mortality in older adults hospitalized for COVID-19.

Design

Retrospective single-center observational study.

Setting and participants

N = 81 patients with COVID-19 confirmed by reverse-transcriptase polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR), at the Geriatrics department of Imelda general hospital, Belgium.

Measurements

Frailty was graded according to the Rockwood Clinical Frailty Scale (CFS). Demographic, biochemical and radiological variables, co-morbidities, symptoms and treatment were extracted from electronic medical records.

Results

Participants (N = 48 women, 59%) had a median age of 85 years (range 65-97 years), median CFS score of 7 (range 2 - 9), and 42 (52%) were long-term care residents. Within six weeks, eighteen patients died. Mortality was significantly but weakly associated with age (Spearman r = 0.241, P = 0.03) and CFS score (r = 0.282, P = 0.011), baseline lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) (r = 0.301, P = 0.009), lymphocyte count (r = -0.262, P = 0.02) and RT-PCR Ct value (r = -0.285, P = 0.015). Mortality was not associated with long-term care residence, dementia, delirium or polypharmacy. In multivariable logistic regression analyses, CFS, LDH and RT-PCR Ct values (but not age) remained independently associated with mortality. Both age and frailty had poor specificity to predict survival. A multivariable model combining age, CFS, LDH and viral load significantly predicted survival.

Conclusions and implications

Although their prognosis is worse, even the oldest and most severely frail patients may benefit from hospitalization for COVID-19, if sufficient resources are available.

BRIEF SUMMARY

Outcomes of frail older adults hospitalized for COVID-19, particularly long-term care residents, remain unclear. In this retrospective cohort, frailty predicted mortality independently of age or established biomarkers.
Adding Structure to Statistics: A Study on COVID-19 Dynamics in India
Authors: Dixit Arundhati , Vishnoi Sarthak , Bikas Paul Sourabh
Published: May 2020

This study pertains to COVID-19 in India, and begins by uncovering the statistical relationship between three time series-number of cases, number of deaths, and number of tests each day, using structural vector autoregression. Further, impulse responses of the before-mentioned series are studied. Effect of temperature and humidity on number of cases is analysed using the fixed effects model on city-level panel data. The next model utilises exponential smoothing for forecasting and conjecture for identifying peak specific to this data is presented. Lastly, multiple iterations of compartmental modelling, possible scenarios, and effect of underlying assumptions is analysed. The models are used to forecast number of cases (regression for short term and epidemiological for long term). In the end, policy implications of different modelling exercises and ways to check the implication for policy planning are discussed.
Changes in the stool and oropharyngeal microbiome in obsessive-compulsive disorder
Authors: Domènech Laura , Willis Jesse , Alemany Maria , Morell Marta , Real Eva , Escaramís Geòrgia , Bertolín Sara , Chinchilla Daniel Sánchez , Balcells Susanna , Segalàs Cinto , Estivill Xavier , Menchón Jose M , Gabaldón Toni , Alonso Pino , Rabionet Raquel
Published: May 2020

Although the etiology of obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) is largely unknown, it is accepted that OCD is a complex disorder. There is a known bi-directional interaction between the gut microbiome and brain activity. Several authors have reported associations between changes in gut microbiota and neuropsychiatric disorders, including depression or autism. Furthermore, a pediatric-onset neuropsychiatric OCD-related syndrome occurs after streptococcal infection, which might indicate that exposure to certain microbes could be involved in OCD susceptibility. However, only one study has investigated the microbiome of OCD patients to date. We performed 16S ribosomal RNA gene-based metagenomic sequencing to analyze the stool and oropharyngeal microbiome composition of 32 OCD cases and 32 age and gender matched controls. We estimated different α- and β-diversity measures and performed LEfSe and Wilcoxon tests to assess differences in bacterial distribution. OCD stool samples showed a trend towards lower bacterial α-diversity, as well as an increase of the relative abundance of Rikenellaceae, particularly of the genus Alistipes, and lower relative abundance of Prevotellaceae, and two genera within the Lachnospiraceae: Agathobacer and Coprococcus. However, we did not observe a different Bacteroidetes to Firmicutes ratio between OCD cases and controls. Analysis of the oropharyngeal microbiome composition showed a lower Fusobacteria to Actinobacteria ratio in OCD cases. In conclusion, we observed an imbalance in the gut and oropharyngeal microbiomes of OCD cases, including, in stool, an increase of bacteria from the Rikenellaceae family, associated with gut inflammation, and a decrease of bacteria from the Coprococcus genus, associated with DOPAC synthesis.
RT-qPCR analyses on the osteogenic differentiation from human iPS cells: An investigation of reference genes
Authors: Okamura Kensuke , Inagaki Yusuke , Matsui Takeshi K. , Matsubayashi Masaya , Komeda Tomoya , Ogawa Munehiro , Mori Eiichiro , Tanaka Yasuhito
Published: May 2020

Reverse transcription quantitative PCR (RT-qPCR) is used to quantify gene expression and require standardization with reference genes. We sought to identify the reference genes best suited for experiments that induce osteogenic differentiation from human induced pluripotent stem (iPS) cells. They were cultured in an undifferentiated maintenance medium and after confluence, further cultured in an osteogenic differentiation medium for 28 days. RT-qPCR was performed on undifferentiation markers, osteoblast and osteocyte differentiation markers, and reference gene candidates. The expression stability of each reference gene candidate was ranked using four algorithms. General rankings identified TATA box binding protein (TBP) in the first place, followed by transferrin receptor (TFRC), ribosomal protein large P0 (RPLP0), and finally, beta-2-microglobulin (B2M), which was revealed as the least stable. Interestingly, universally used GAPDH and ACTB were found to be unsuitable. Our findings strongly suggest a need to evaluate the expression stability of reference gene candidates for each experiment.
Quantitative analysis of Y-Chromosome gene expression across 36 human tissues
Authors: Godfrey Alexander K. , Naqvi Sahin , Chmátal Lukáš , Chick Joel M. , Mitchell Richard N. , Gygi Steven P. , Skaletsky Helen , Page David C.
Published: May 2020

Little is known about how human Y-Chromosome gene expression directly contributes to differences between XX (female) and XY (male) individuals in nonreproductive tissues. Here, we analyzed quantitative profiles of Y-Chromosome gene expression across 36 human tissues from hundreds of individuals. Although it is often said that Y-Chromosome genes are lowly expressed outside the testis, we report many instances of elevated Y-Chromosome gene expression in a nonreproductive tissue. A notable example is EIF1AY, which encodes eukaryotic translation initiation factor 1A Y-linked, together with its X-linked homolog EIF1AX. Evolutionary loss of a Y-linked microRNA target site enabled up-regulation of EIF1AY, but not of EIF1AX, in the heart. Consequently, this essential translation initiation factor is nearly twice as abundant in male as in female heart tissue at the protein level. Divergence between the X and Y Chromosomes in regulatory sequence can therefore lead to tissue-specific Y-Chromosome-driven sex biases in expression of critical, dosage-sensitive regulatory genes.
X-ray ptychographic mode of self-assembled CdSe/CdS octapod-shaped nanocrystals in thick polymers
Authors: De Caro Liberato , Scattarella Francesco , Altamura Davide , Arciniegas Milena P. , Siliqi Dritan , Manna Liberato , Giannini Cinzia
Published: May 2020

This work describes the application of X-ray ptychography for the inspection of complex assemblies of highly anisotropic nanocrystals embedded in a thick polymer matrix. More specifically, this case deals with CdSe/CdS octapods, with pod length L = 39 ± 2 nm and pod diameter D = 12 ± 2 nm, dispersed in free-standing thick films (24 ± 4 µm) of polymethyl methacrylate and polystyrene, with different molecular weights. Ptychography is the only imaging method available to date that can be used to study architectures made by these types of nanocrystals in thick polymeric films, as any other alternative direct method, such as scanning/transmission electron microscopy, can be definitively ruled out as a result of the large thickness of the free-standing films. The electron density maps of the investigated samples are reconstructed by combining iterative difference map algorithms and a maximum likelihood optimization algorithm. In addition, post image processing techniques are applied to both reduce noise and provide a better visualization of the material morphological details. Through this process, at a final resolution of 27 nm, the reconstructed maps allow us to visualize the intricate network of octapods inside the polymeric matrices.
Montel mirror based collimating analyzer system for high-pressure resonant inelastic X-ray scattering experiments
Authors: Kim J.-K. , Casa Diego , Huang Xianrong , Gog Thomas , Kim B. J. , Kim Jungho
Published: May 2020

Resonant inelastic X-ray scattering (RIXS) is increasingly playing a significant role in studying highly correlated systems, especially since it was proven capable of measuring low-energy magnetic excitations. However, despite high expectations for experimental evidence of novel magnetic phases at high pressure, unequivocal low-energy spectral signatures remain obscured by extrinsic scattering from material surrounding the sample in a diamond anvil cell (DAC): pressure media, Be gasket and the diamond anvils themselves. A scattered X-ray collimation based medium-energy resolution (∼100 meV) analyzer system for a RIXS spectrometer at the Ir L
3-absorption edge has been designed and built to remediate these difficulties. Due to the confocal nature of the analyzer system, the majority of extrinsic scattering is rejected, yielding a clean low-energy excitation spectrum of an iridate Sr2IrO4 sample in a DAC cell. Furthermore, the energy resolution of different configurations of the collimating and analyzing optics are discussed.
Soft X-ray absorption spectroscopy in the low-energy region explored using an argon gas window
Authors: Nagasaka Masanari
Published: May 2020

The soft X-ray region below 200 eV is important for investigating chemical and biological phenomena since it covers K-edges of Li and B and L-edges of Si, P, S and Cl. Helium gas is generally used as the soft X-ray transmission window for soft X-ray absorption spectroscopy (XAS) under atmospheric conditions. However, the helium gas window cannot be applied to XAS in the low-energy region since transmitted soft X-rays mostly consist of high-order X-rays due to the low transmission of first-order X-rays. In this study, the argon gas window is proposed as a new soft X-ray transmission window in the low-energy region. High-order X-rays are removed by the absorption of the Ar L-edge (240 eV), and first-order X-rays become the major contribution of transmitted soft X-rays in the low-energy region. Under atmospheric argon conditions, the double-excitation Rydberg series of helium gas (60 eV), Si L-edge XAS of an Si3N4 membrane (100 eV) and S L-edge XAS of dimethyl sulfoxide gas (170 eV) are successfully measured, indicating that the argon gas window is effective for soft X-ray transmission in the low-energy region from 60 eV to 240 eV.
Financial statement comparability in the extractive industry
Authors: Smith Christelle , Venter Elmar R.
Published: May 2020

Purpose

This paper aims to investigate financial statement comparability in the extractive industry. This paper focuses on the extractive industry because International Financial Reporting Standards (IFRS) contain limited guidance on the accounting treatment for exploration and evaluation (E&E) costs and IFRS 6 – Exploration for and Evaluation of Mineral Resources allowed firms to continue with existing divergent accounting treatment of E&E costs.

Design/methodology/approach

The authors use data from Australia, a country that adopted IFRS in 2005 with a large extractive industry. They also compare changes in cross-country comparability around the IFRS adoption date between Australian firms and adopters relative to Australian firms and non-adopters to better isolate changes in comparability that are attributable to the adoption of IFRS from other sources that are not related to the adoption of IFRS. The authors measure comparability consistent with De Franco et al. (2011) where financial statements are comparable when two firms produce similar accounting amounts for similar economic events.

Findings

For non-extractive industry firms, the authors find the comparability of financial statements of Australian firms increased with other adopters and that this increase was relatively greater than the increase with non-adopter firms. This evidence is consistent with comparability benefits associated with the adoption of IFRS. However, for extractive industry firms, the authors do not find a significantly greater increase in the comparability of financial statements of Australian firms with adopters relative to the increase with non-adopters, suggesting that the increase is likely not associated with the adoption of IFRS. In additional analysis, they find that following IFRS adoption non-extractive Australian firms have greater within-country comparability relative to extractive Australian firms, while there was no difference in the pre-adoption period.

Originality/value

The evidence suggests that the divergent practices for E&E costs under IFRS 6 and the lack of an accounting standard that deals with matters relating to the extractive industry hinder the comparability of financial statements in this industry.
The creative industries and degree apprenticeships: the benefits and challenges of adoption for small and micro businesses
Authors: Riley Tim
Published: May 2020

Purpose

The purpose of this paper is to identify the needs and receptiveness of the creative industry sectors, in particular small and micro businesses, in respect of the adoption and development of degree apprenticeships. In addition, the paper aims to identify employers' barriers to entry into such programmes.

Design/methodology/approach

Due to the lack of knowledge of degree apprenticeships, an ‘explain and respond’ method was adopted, where a comprehensive explanation of degree apprenticeships and the process for delivery was given to respondents. This enabled them to ask questions and give informed and knowledgeable response to interview questions.

Findings

Participants in this research were generally positive about the integration and adoption of degree apprenticeships into their businesses. However, they suggest that the rigid procedure set by the Institute for Apprenticeships makes embarking on the process of developing standards and adopting degree apprenticeships difficult, time-consuming and impracticable for businesses of their size and in these sectors. This has implications for addressing skills shortages and diversity that stands to endanger the continued success of the creative industries.

Originality/value

Little research has been conducted into the viability of degree apprenticeships for creative industries, particularly non-levy paying small and micro businesses.
Fairtrade nexus between just-world beliefs and normative antecedents
Authors: D'Souza Clare , Apaolaza Vanessa , Hartmann Patrick , Gilmore Andrew
Published: May 2020

Purpose

The purpose of this study is to develop and test a theoretical model of Fairtrade buying behavior that supports Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) by addressing the nexus between just-world beliefs, along with the normative influences, self-identity and altruistic values.

Design/methodology/approach

A conceptual framework on the influence of just-world beliefs for Fairtrade purchase intentions is proposed to analyze the role of just-world beliefs on the effects of normative influences and altruistic values for the intention to purchase Fairtrade products that support SDGs. These conceptualizations are empirically tested on a representative sample of 217 consumers.

Findings

Just-world beliefs play a central role in the purchase intention by having a direct effect on purchase intention and an indirect effect mediated by personal norms and self-identity. They partially mediate the effects of altruistic values and social norms on the purchase intention of Fairtrade products that support SDGs.

Originality/value

The research provides a better understanding of the influences of these contextual variables on ethical consumption and contributes to both the theory and practice of how businesses can achieve SDGs. The psychological rationale of just-world beliefs provides a new approach to marketing strategy and communication aimed at increasing purchase intention of Fairtrade products that support the fundamental goals of the UN sustainable development.
Effects of NaCl content and drying temperature on lipid oxidation, protein oxidation, and physical properties of dry‐cured chicken
Authors: Qu Cheng , He Zhifei , Wang Zhaoming , Li Shaobo , Wang Zefu , Li Hongjun
Published: May 2020

This study aimed to investigate the effects of different NaCl content and drying temperatures on the lipid oxidation, protein oxidation, and physical properties of dry‐cured chicken. In the final product, lipid oxidation, protein oxidation, and physical properties were significantly affected by NaCl and temperature. Increased NaCl content and temperature led to significantly increased level of indicators including conjugated diene, thiobarbituric acid reactive substances, and carbonyl contents (P < 0.05). Conversely, the sulfhydryl contents and surface hydrophobicity significantly decreased (P < 0.05). Results of sodium dodecyl sulfate polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis further indicated that NaCl and temperature affected protein oxidation and degradation. According to the drying curve, the main factor affecting the drying time was the drying temperature and a slower rate of moisture loss occurred in samples with higher NaCl content. Moreover, due to the effects of temperature on lipid and protein oxidation and moisture diffusion, the hardness and shrinkage ratio increased with temperature.

Practical Application

Dry‐cured chicken is a kind of air‐dried meat product. During actual production of dry‐cured chicken, its physicochemical characteristics (e.g., lipid and protein oxidation and texture) are affected by NaCl content and drying temperature. In this study, the NaCl content and drying temperature were found to promote lipid and protein oxidation and have significant effects on texture properties. Therefore, the NaCl content and drying temperature should be controlled to improve the quality of dry‐cured chicken.
Effects of 5‐HT2A receptor stimulation on economic demand for fentanyl after intermittent and continuous access self‐administration in male rats
Authors: Martin David Alexander , Gyawali Utsav , Calu Donna J.
Published: May 2020

The relative value of and motivation for abused drugs often increases with drug experience and differs based on drug availability. Here, we determined how different intake patterns of fentanyl, a μ‐opioid agonist, alter economic demand for fentanyl and how 5‐HT2A receptor stimulation affects economic demand for fentanyl. We used a within‐session demand threshold procedure to characterize changes in economic demand for fentanyl before and after intermittent or continuous access schedules. We subsequently tested the acute effects of 5‐HT2A receptor stimulation with psychedelic 2,5‐dimethoxy‐4‐iodoamphetamine (DOI) on economic demand for fentanyl. Extended fentanyl experience with both intermittent and continuous schedules increased fentanyl consumption at low cost (Q0), increased total fentanyl consumption, and decreased demand elasticity (α), indicating both schedules elevated motivation to self‐administer fentanyl. Overall, the two schedules produced similar alterations in economic demand for fentanyl, although low‐cost consumption (Q0) increased more in the continuous access group. Systemic injections of DOI (0.0‐0.4 mg/kg, i.p.) dose‐dependently produced economic demand changes in the opposite direction produced by fentanyl experience. DOI decreased motivation (increased “α”), decreased Q0, and decreased total fentanyl consumption. The selective 5‐HT2A antagonist, M100907 (0.3 mg/kg, i.p.), blocked the effects of DOI, indicating that DOI is acting through 5‐HT2A receptors to alter economic demand for fentanyl. In an economic food demand experiment, DOI (0.4 mg/kg) also increased demand elasticity and reduced food consumption. These results demonstrate that both intermittent and continuous fentanyl experience raise the economic demand for fentanyl, and acute 5‐HT2A receptor activation reduces economic demand for fentanyl and food.
Overview of the horseflies (Diptera: Tabanidae) of South Africa: assessment of major collections for spatiotemporal analysis
Authors: Snyman Louwrens P , Neves Luis , Lempereur Laetitia , Bosman Albé C
Published: May 2020

Tabanidae, commonly known as horseflies, is a large, cosmopolitan family with approximately 4400 described species, of which about 400 occur in southern Africa. Both sexes feed on nectar or pollen and some species are important pollinators. Females usually require a bloodmeal to produce eggs, implicating them as vectors of disease‐causing agents. Despite their importance, they have been largely neglected by science, especially in the Afrotropics. In this study, we aimed to elucidate some fundamental spatiotemporal aspects of horsefly biology in South Africa by centralising digitised data from the major natural history museums in the region. Approximately 6 000 records have been digitised and collated into a Specify database from an approximate 17 000 specimens housed in 10 museums in the region. The collections from the 10 institutions, including six collections in neighbouring countries are briefly discussed. Spatiotemporal analysis according to biomes (Albany thicket, desert, forests, fynbos, grassland, Indian Ocean belt, Kalahari savannah sub‐biome, Central Bushveld sub‐biome, Lowveld savannah sub‐biome, Nama Karoo and Succulent karoo) revealed baseline information regarding their biology within the biomes. The majority of the records are from north eastern KwaZulu‐Natal, followed by Kruger National Park and areas surrounding Cape Town, indicative of uneven sampling. The database is represented by a total of 195 species of which 83 species were recorded in only one biome, with grassland home to 28% of the biome endemic species. A species list to the region, supplemented by records from previous authors, totals to 203 species occurring in the region. Future studies should aim to digitise the remaining specimens in order to create species pages with brief descriptions, high‐resolution photographs, distribution maps and spatiotemporal patterns available online.
Asherman syndrome: Audit of a single‐operator cohort of 423 cases
Authors: Vancaillie Thierry , Chan Karen , Liu Jinzhu , Deans Rebecca , Howard Elizabeth
Published: May 2020

Background

The diagnosis of Asherman syndrome, or ‘intra‐uterine adhesions’ is often overlooked when the symptoms of amenorrhea and hematometra are missing.

Aims

This audit reviews the clinical data of a large cohort of patients treated by a single operator.

Materials and Methods

From July 1998 till the end of December 2017, 423 patients with intra‐uterine adhesions were treated by a single operator. Clinical information was obtained by review of the medical files and phone interviews.

Results

Amenorrhea was recorded in 163/423 patients (38.5%), 225/423 (53.2%) patients did not have amenorrhea and for 35/423 (8.3%) patients the information was missing. A hematometra was documented in 19/423 (4.5%) patients. Pregnancy was achieved in 215/246 (87.4%). Patients with stage II disease did best with a pregnancy rate of 94.5% (P = 0.029).

Conclusion

Asherman syndrome should be considered in any woman with a history of miscarriage or postpartum curettage who then fails to conceive again.
Test‐ or judgement‐based school track recommendations: Equal opportunities for students with different socio‐economic backgrounds?
Authors: van Leest Anne , Hornstra Lisette , van Tartwijk Jan , van de Pol Janneke
Published: May 2020

Background

There are concerns that school track recommendations that are mostly based on teachers’ judgements of students’ performance (‘judgement‐based recommendations’) are more biased by students’ SES than school track recommendations that are mostly based on standardized test results (‘test‐based recommendations’). A recent policy reform of the Dutch educational system has provided us the unique opportunity to compare the effects of students’ SES on these two types of track recommendations.

Aims

The aim of this study was to examine the differences between test‐based and judgement‐based recommendations regarding the direct and indirect effect of students’ SES at student level and school level.

Sample

The sample consisted of 8,639 grade 6 students from 105 Dutch primary schools.

Methods

Data were analysed using two‐level multilevel mediation models.

Results

Track recommendations were higher for high‐SES students. This was mostly due to differences in students’ prior performance. SES also had a small, direct effect on judgement‐based, but not on test‐based recommendations. The effects were partly situated at school level.

Conclusion

Overall, the results indicated that teachers based their track recommendations mostly on students’ prior performance without being biased by students’ SES.
Dealigned or Still Salient? Religious‐Secular Divisions in Chilean Presidential Elections
Authors: Raymond Christopher D.
Published: May 2020

With countries like Chile facing secularisation, some research predicts religious‐secular cleavages will ‘dealign’, while other research suggests these cleavages will persist so long as religious‐secular divisions are reflected among presidential candidates. Using surveys of first‐round voting intentions in the five most recent presidential elections in Chile, the analysis shows that religious‐secular divisions in voting appear when candidates are divided clearly along religious‐secular lines (and not when divisions among candidates are blurred). These findings suggest researchers need to account for the impact candidates' positions have on the appearance of religious‐secular divisions before declaring that dealignment has occurred.
Influence of periodontal maintenance and periodontitis susceptibility on implant success: A 5‐year retrospective cohort on moderately rough surfaced implants
Authors: Hu Cidong , Lang Niklaus P. , Ong Marianne Meng‐Ann , Lim Lum Peng , Tan Wah Ching
Published: May 2020

Objectives

To investigate the effect of defined versus undefined periodontal maintenance after implant therapy on the prevalence of peri‐implant complications.

Material and Methods

Two hundred patients who underwent dental implant therapy in the National Dental Centre Singapore (NDCS) from 2005 to 2012 were recruited. One hundred patients had regular periodontal maintenance (defined maintenance programme group, DMP), and the other 100 patients had no documentation of periodontal maintenance (undefined maintenance programme group, UMP). Full‐mouth bleeding scores (FMBS), periodontal probing depths (PPD) and peri‐implant probing depths (PiPD) were evaluated within 6 months of prostheses delivery (T0) and at re‐examination (T1). Peri‐implant bone level changes were analysed radiographically.

Results

The mean follow‐up time was 6.8 years. Five out of 289 implants were lost (cumulative survival rate = 98.3%). 6.0% of DMP patients and 20.0% of UMP patients had peri‐implantitis (p = .003). Peri‐implantitis was defined as bleeding on probing, increase in PiPD and peri‐implant bone loss ≥ 0.5 mm. At the implant level, 4.0% of the DMP group implants and 17.2% of the UMP group implants were diagnosed with peri‐implantitis (p = .0003). One implant in the DMP group and 13 implants in the UMP group had bone loss ≥ 2 mm (p < .0001). Multivariate regression showed that absence of regular maintenance (OR = 0.24, p = .003) was significantly associated with peri‐implantitis.

Conclusions

Regular periodontal maintenance was associated with a lower prevalence of peri‐implantitis and peri‐implant bone loss. Patients with treated periodontitis without regular maintenance after implant placement were at higher risk for developing peri‐implantitis.
Fully guided implant surgery using Magnetic Resonance Imaging – An in vitro study on accuracy in human mandibles
Authors: Flügge Tabea , Ludwig Ute , Winter Gita , Amrein Philipp , Kernen Florian , Nelson Katja
Published: May 2020

Objectives

The objective of this in vitro study was to assess the accuracy of fully guided implant placement following virtual implant planning based on MRI.

Material and Methods

Sixteen human cadaver hemimandibles with single missing teeth (n = 3), partially edentulous (n = 6) and edentulous situations (n = 7) were imaged using MRI. MRI and optical scans obtained with an intraoral scanner, were imported into an implant planning software. Virtual prosthetic and implant planning were performed regarding hard‐ and soft‐tissue anatomy. Drill guides were manufactured, and fully guided implant placement was performed. Buccal and lingual bone and implant nerve distance were measured by three examiners in preoperative MRI and postoperative CBCT. The implant position was assessed using a software for deviation of implant positions displayed in CBCT and optical scans, respectively.

Results

MRI displayed relevant structures for implant planning such as cortical and cancellous bone, inferior alveolar nerve and neighboring teeth. Implant planning, CAD/CAM of drill guides and guided implant placement were performed. Deviations between planned and actual implant positions in postoperative CBCT and optical scans were 1.34 mm (SD 0.84 mm) and 1.03 mm (SD 0.46 mm) at implant shoulder; 1.41 mm (SD 0.88 mm) and 1.28 mm (SD 0.52 mm) at implant apex, and 4.84° (SD 3.18°) and 4.21° (SD 2.01°). Measurements in preoperative MRI and postoperative CBCT confirmed the compliance with minimum distances of implants to anatomical structures.

Conclusions

Relevant anatomical structures for imaging diagnostics in implant dentistry are displayed with MRI. The accuracy of MRI‐based fully guided implant placement in vitro is comparable to the workflow using CBCT.
Design of area efficient VLSI architecture for carry select adder using logic optimization technique
Authors: Kandula Bala Sindhuri , Kalluru Padma Vasavi , Inty Santi Prabha
Published: May 2020

Square Root Carry Select Adder (SQRT‐CSLA) is accomplishing the noteworthy attention in the arena of VLSI (Very‐Large‐Scale Integration) systems as it can process the computations with high speed. Though the current trending SQRT‐CSLA adder designing techniques are effective in various performance metrics, there is a possibility to improve the design addressing various performance metrics. This article proposes CSLA architecture by employing Zero Finding Logic using the Logic optimization technique (ZFCLOT). CSLA using ZFCLOT is designed, simulated, and synthesized using 90 nm cadence tools. CSLA using ZFCLOT achieves an area efficiency of 46.127% and a power efficiency of 48.4% as against to SQRT‐CSLA.
A Review of the Existing and Emerging Topics in the Supply Chain Risk Management Literature
Authors: Pournader Mehrdokht , Kach Andrew , Talluri Srinivas (Sri)
Published: May 2020

This review examines supply chain risk publications across nine prestigious management, operations, and supply chain journals with respect to exploring trends and emerging topics. Using a refined set of keywords, we extract and filter the most relevant supply chain risk management (SCRM) articles from Scopus between 2001 and 2019. Unlike previous reviews of the SCRM literature, our methodology utilizes both bibliometric and cocitation analyses of publications in selective management and operations and supply chain management journals. In addition to analyzing the current state of the SCRM literature via bibliometric analysis, we delve deeply into the clusters of literature informing SCRM studies through a cocitation analysis. By conducting a text analysis on these clusters, we identify the main themes and provide insights regarding article relevance, theoretical frameworks, and methodologies for each cluster. In addition, we categorize the themes within each cluster into three main groups of matured, developing, and emerging. Based on the identified categories, we provide detailed discussions on the promising avenues for research and practice in three main areas of sustainable SCRM, behavioral SCRM, and nascent methodologies and theories in SCRM studies. Finally, we dedicate a section in our review to discussing the direction of SCRM research during and after the coronavirus disease 2019 era.
Beyond performance and protocols: early responders' experiences of multiple accountability demands in the response to the 2015 Nepal earthquake
Authors: Dhungana Nimesh , Cornish Flora
Published: May 2020

Critics have long questioned the push for professionalised and performance‐driven accountability in the humanitarian sector, yet the matter is largely treated as a ‘back office’ issue of standards, guidelines, and processes. Scant attention is paid to the accountability demands experienced by early responders to disasters. Set in the contested climate of the emergency response to the earthquake in Nepal on 25 April 2015, and drawing on interviews with 15 early responders, this paper reveals three forms of accountability demands: (i) accountability as compliance; (ii) accountability as the object of government regulation; and (iii) accountability as public opposition and interrogation. Beyond the performance‐centric, non‐governmental organisation‐driven understanding of accountability, early responders to the earthquake experienced multidirectional accountability demands, not only from donors and beneficiaries, but also from the national government and wider public. Engaging with public criticism is a significant feature of early responders' responsibility that warrants further consideration by the humanitarian community.
Trade uncertainties and the hedging abilities of Bitcoin
Authors: Bouri Elie , Gkillas Konstantinos , Gupta Rangan
Published: May 2020

In this paper, we first estimate the monthly realised correlation, based on daily data, between stock returns of the United States (US) and Bitcoin returns. Then, we relate the realised correlation over the period October 2011 to May 2019 with a news‐based measure of the growth of trade uncertainty of the US. Our results show that the realised correlation is negatively impacted by increases in trade uncertainty, which continues to hold under alternative robustness checks, suggesting that Bitcoin can act as a hedge relative to the conventional stock market in the wake of heightened trade policy‐related uncertainties, and provide diversification benefits for investors.
Edentulous mandible with four splinted interforaminal implants exposed to three different situations of trauma: A preliminary three‐dimensional finite element analysis
Authors: Krennmair Stefan , Hunger Stefan , Postl Lukas , Winterhalder Philipp , Holberg Svenia , Malek Michael , Rudzki Ingrid , Holberg Christof
Published: May 2020

Background/Aim

An increasing number of elderly patients with implant‐prosthodontic rehabilitation of the edentulous mandible frequently show increased life activity, and consequently, a greater number of aged patients is at risk for maxillofacial trauma. The aim of this 3‐dimensional (3D) finite element analysis (FEA) was to evaluate the biomechanical effects of the edentulous mandible (EM) with and without four splinted interforaminal implants exposed to three different trauma applications including assessment of different mandibular fracture risk areas.

Materials and Methods

In a 3D‐FEA study design, EM with and without four splinted interforaminal implants were exposed to the application of 1000 N at the symphyseal, parasymphyseal, and mandibular angle region. On four pre‐defined superficial cortical mandibular areas (symphysis region, mental foramen region, angle of mandible, and mandibular neck) representing regions of interest (ROI), the von Mises stresses were measured for the three trauma applications. For all ROIs, stress values were evaluated and compared for the different force application sites as well as between EM models with and without interforaminal implants.

Results

For EM with and without four splinted interformaninal implants, all traumatic loads generated the highest stress levels at the mandibular neck region. However, in the EM with four splinted interforaminal implants, an anterior symphyseal force application generated significantly (P < .01) increased stress values in the parasymphyseal (mental foramen) region than in EM without implants. For force applications at the parasymphaseal region (mental foramen) and at the angle of the mandible elevated, von Mises stress values were noted directly at the application sites without difference between edentulous mandibles with and without four interforaminal implants.

Conclusion

In an edentulous mandible model with four splinted interforaminal implants, the condylar neck and the mental foramen represent the predilectional risk areas for mandibular fracture for both anterior symphyseal and lateral parasymphyseal force application.
Clinical management of woman with bleeding disorders: A survey among European haemophilia treatment centres
Authors: van Galen Karin P. M. , Lavin Michelle , Skouw‐Rasmussen Naja , Ivanova Eva , Mauser‐Bunschoten Eveline , Punt Marieke , Romana Gerychová , Elfvinge Petra , D'Oiron Roseline , Abdul‐Kadir Rezan
Published: May 2020

Introduction

The impact of bleeding for women with bleeding disorders (WBD) is of increasing focus and importance. Despite this, optimal management strategies are unclear and knowledge gaps persist.

Aim

To examine practices and define research priorities on diagnosis and management of WBD in Europe.

Methods

An electronic survey on clinical management of WBD was sent to 136 European haemophilia treatment centres (HTCs), including open questions on knowledge gaps and research priorities.

Results

Fifty‐nine HTCs from 12 Western (WE) and 13 Central/Eastern European (CEE) countries completed the survey. Less than half runs a joint clinic (24 HTCs, 42%). Most centres without a joint clinic have a named obstetrician (81%) and/or gynaecologist (75%) available for collaboration. Overall 18/54 (33%) European HTCs do not offer preimplantation genetic diagnosis. Third trimester amniocentesis to guide obstetric management is available 28/54 HTCs (52%), less frequent in CEE compared to WE countries (5/17 vs 23/37, P = .03). 53% of HTCs (28/53) reported that only 0%‐25% of WBD seek medical advice for heavy menstrual bleeding (HMB). An algorithm managing acute HMB in WBD is lacking in 22/53 (42%) HTCs. The main reported knowledge and research gaps are lack of awareness & education on WBD among patients and caregivers, optimal diagnostic strategies and effective multidisciplinary management of pregnancy & HMB.

Conclusion

Joint clinics, prenatal diagnostics and algorithms for managing acute HMB are lacking in many European HTCs. HMB may be an underestimated issue. This survey highlights the need to prioritize improvement of knowledge and patient care for WBD across Europe.
Paediatric obesity and brain functioning: The role of physical activity—A novel and important expert opinion of the European Childhood Obesity Group
Authors: Esteban‐Cornejo Irene , Reilly John , Ortega Francisco B. , Matusik Pawel , Mazur Artur , Erhardt Eva , Forslund Anders , Vlachopapadopoulou Elpis Athina , Caroli Margherita , Boyland Emma , Weghuber Daniel , Thivel David
Published: May 2020

While most of the time unconsidered, child and adolescent obesity has been also associated with impaired brain health and function that can definitely affect their social interaction and integration, and then well‐being and mental health. The European Childhood Obesity Group recently gathered experts in the field who discussed the main available and reliable evidence regarding the role of physical activity on brain health and cognitive functioning in children and adolescents with obesity and who propose here their main conclusions and recommendations.
Island area, not isolation, drives taxonomic, phylogenetic and functional diversity of ants on land‐bridge islands
Authors: Zhao Yuhao , Dunn Robert R. , Zhou Haonan , Si Xingfeng , Ding Ping
Published: May 2020

Aim

To explore the impact of island area and isolation on multiple dimensions of ant biodiversity (taxonomic, phylogenetic and functional diversity) and the underlying processes of community assembly on islands.

Location

Thousand Island Lake, Zhejiang, China, created by dam construction in 1959.

Taxon

Ants.

Methods

We sampled ants on 33 islands, built a species‐level phylogenetic tree and measured five morphological traits of all species collected to estimate taxonomic, phylogenetic and functional diversity. We used multiple linear regression models and null models to examine the relationships between diversity metrics and island variables (area and isolation).

Results

We recorded 97 ant species on the study islands. We verified positive diversity–area relationships for species richness, phylogenetic diversity and functional diversity. However, although functional and phylogenetic community structure were indistinguishable from random communities, phylogenetic structure tended to be clustered, whereas functional structure tended to be overdispersed. Additionally, we found the structure of ant communities shifted from phylogenetic and functional clustering on smaller islands to phylogenetic and functional overdispersion on larger islands.

Main conclusions

Our results support the hypothesis that environmental filtering is the dominant process structuring ant communities on smaller islands, and that competitive exclusion becomes more important on larger islands. Thus, island area acts as an important filter even though ant community structure on the study islands was indistinguishable from random communities. Moreover, our results show that environmental filtering influences phylogenetic community structure of ants, whereas competitive exclusion influences functional community structure of ants. These findings highlight the need to examine both phylogenetic and functional diversity in order to understand the mechanisms that govern the assembly of natural communities on islands.
A hairy situation: Plant species in warm, sunny places are more likely to have pubescent leaves
Authors: Moles Angela T. , Laffan Shawn W. , Keighery Matthew , Dalrymple Rhiannon L. , Tindall Marianne L. , Chen Si‐Chong
Published: May 2020

Aim

Leaf pubescence has several important roles, including regulating heat balance, reducing damage from UV radiation, minimizing water loss and reducing herbivory. Each of these functions could affect a plant's ability to tolerate the biotic and abiotic stresses encountered in different parts of the world. However, we know remarkably little about large scale biogeographic patterns in leaf pubescence. Our aims were: (a) to determine whether a higher proportion of species have pubescence at sites where it is hot, dry and solar radiation is high, and (b) to quantify the latitudinal gradient in pubescence.

Location

Australia.

Taxon

Vascular land plants.

Methods

We compiled data on the presence/absence of pubescence on mature photosynthetic organs for 4,183 species, spanning 107 families. We combined these data with over 1.9 million species occurrence records from the Atlas of Living Australia to calculate the proportion of species with pubescence in 3,261 grid cells spanning the Australian continent.

Results

The proportion of pubescent species was most closely related to solar radiation (R2 = 0.33), followed by maximum temperature in the warmest month (R2 = 0.30). Mean annual precipitation was very weakly related to pubescence (R2 = 0.01). We found a significant negative relationship between latitude and pubescence (R2 = 0.19), with the average percentage of species with pubescence dropping from 46% at 10° S to 35% at 44° S. This cross‐species relationship remained significant after accounting for phylogenetic relationships between species. We found that a quadratic model explained more variation in pubescence across latitudes than did a linear model. The quadratic model shows a peak in the proportion of pubescent species at 19° S (within the tropics).

Main conclusions

Our findings are consistent with the idea that leaf pubescence may have a protective function in areas with high solar radiation and high temperatures. Our data are also consistent with the idea that species towards the tropics should be better defended than are species at higher latitudes.
Remaining activity of temporary interrupted direct oral anticoagulants and its impact on intra‐ablation heparinization in patients with atrial fibrillation: Comparisons across four drugs and two dose regimens
Authors: Sairaku Akinori , Onohara Yuko , Hironobe Naoya , Matsumura Hiroya , Kihara Yasuki , Nakano Yukiko
Published: May 2020

Background

Atrial fibrillation (AF) ablation with minimally interrupted direct oral anticoagulants (DOACs) may raise a concern about their remaining activity. We tested the residual activity of four different DOACs and its impact on intraprocedural heparinization in patients undergoing AF ablation.

Methods

We measured the anti‐factor Χa activity for rivaroxaban, apixaban, and edoxaban, and serum DOAC concentration for rivaroxaban, apixaban, and dabigatran, 24 hours after the last intake in patients undergoing AF ablation treated with standard or reduced doses of DOACs. The heparin requirement during the procedure was also measured.

Results

We enrolled 34 patients with rivaroxaban, 35 with apixaban, 32 with edoxaban, and 31 with dabigatran, and among them, 30 were treated with reduced doses. The anti‐factor Χa activity was the highest in the apixaban group among the patients with standard doses. The DOAC concentration was paradoxically lower in patients with standard doses than in those with reduced doses among the patients with rivaroxaban (34.3 ± 19.8 vs 56.6 ± 7.7 ng/mL; P = .01) and dabigatran (12.6 ± 10.6 vs 23.4 ± 14.7 ng/mL; P = .03). The total heparin requirement per body surface area had significant correlations with the anti‐factor Χa activity (r = −.36) and DOAC concentration (r = −.32). Two different multiple linear regression models (adjusted R2 = 0.56 and 0.6, respectively) revealed that the anti‐factor Χa activity (β = −.28; P = .002) and DOAC concentration (β = −.38; P < .001) were independent determinants of the total heparin requirement.

Conclusions

Factors determining residual DOAC activity may include its type and dose regimen, and it may influence the heparin requirement during AF ablation.