bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Journey to a New Space
Authors: van den Heever Adriénne , Potenza Emilia
Published: January 2024

This chapter considers the role that museums and the construction of memory of the past can play in advancing transitional justice. The permanent exhibit on the Truth and Reconciliation Commission at the Apartheid Museum in Johannesburg, South Africa is the focus of this chapter. The authors explore how the exhibition connects to both the overarching narrative of the Museum and the tenets of transitional and restorative justice as they have played out in the South African context. An empirical survey, with both qualitative and quantitative aspects, was undertaken enabling baseline findings of visitor knowledge, expectation, and experience of the exhibit.
Joint Reflection: South Africa and Colombia as Transitional Justice Societies
Authors: Roux Mispa , Santaularia Natalia Silva
Published: January 2024

This joint reflection considers the central tension in transitional justice between punishment for past wrongs and establishing a stable peace, and how that has been affected by the coming into being of the International Criminal Court (ICC). Prior to the ICC, South Africa’s transitional arrangements initially allowed for blanket amnesties in return for truth-telling. Given Colombia is a signatory to the Rome Statute, such an approach was not possible in the 2016 Peace Agreement, leading to its innovative institutional architecture. The joint reflection recognises that the South African approach was drawn from a different era and is no longer acceptable or desirable. However, it challenges a purely retributive approach to addressing past crimes and suggests an important evolution is taking place in the role of the ICC—whilst placing pressure for accountability for past wrongs, it is working in a dialogical and collaborative manner with domestic jurisdictions to support and empower their own transitional justice processes.
The Response
Authors: Mansfield Gavin , Banerjee Lydia
Published: January 2024

This chapter tackles the response to claim forms sent by the tribunal. Respondents have twenty-eight days after the claim form has been sent to submit any response. The chapter clarifies the possibility of extensions of response time. However, respondents are not entitled to take part in the proceedings except to a very limited degree if they fail to lodge a response within the specified or extended time. The chapter then explores the consequences of failing to enter a response, rejection of a response, or uncontested applications. It also explains how the respondent employer may include a counterclaim in their response if the claimant makes a complaint of breach of contract.
Enforcement of Tribunal Awards
Authors: Mansfield Gavin , Banerjee Lydia
Published: January 2024

Chapter 14 (Enforcement of Tribunal Awards) discusses the different methods that can be used to enforce employment tribunal awards. It considers the enforcement process in the County Court and the Practice Direction to CPR Part 70. It also looks at the ACAS and Employment Fast-Track System. Finally, it discusses the issuing of fines for failure to pay tribunal awards.
Employment Litigation in the Civil Courts
Authors: Mansfield Gavin , Banerjee Lydia
Published: January 2024

Chapter 20 (Employment Litigation in the Civil Courts) provides, for the benefit of practitioners and others who are mainly familiar with the employment tribunals, an overview of the procedural rules governing employment claims in the High Court and County Court. It discusses the jurisdiction of each forum: should a particular claim be brought in the employment tribunal, the High Court, or the County Court? The related question of overlapping claims is addressed, with practical considerations highlighted. With detailed reference to provisions of the Civil Procedure Rules 1998 (CPR), the chapter walks the reader through the key procedural stages of an employment dispute in the civil courts, from pre-action steps to trial. It includes practical checklists of steps up to completion of the statements of case and of matters for consideration at a case management conference.
Contractual Employment Issues in High Court and County Court
Authors: Mansfield Gavin , Banerjee Lydia
Published: January 2024

This chapter discusses contractual employment issues in the high court and county court. It cites how contracts form the employment relationship basis and claims may emerge out of the contractual relationships. While employees may bring claims for unpaid remuneration under their contracts of employment, employers may bring claims based upon the express and implied duties of the contract of employment. The chapter explains the actions based on the contract of employment before the civil courts falling under the categories of employee claims concerning breach of terms, employment relationship, and post-termination restrictions. It clarifies how the employee may be subject to post-termination restraints with respect to confidential information extending beyond an employer’s trade secrets.
Green Central Banking
Authors: Dietsch Peter , Fontan Clément , Dion Jérémie , Claveau François
Published: January 2024

This chapter argues that central banks find themselves between a rock and a hard place when it comes to green central banking. Either they endorse the project, exposing themselves to the charge that they lack the input legitimacy to do so, or they eschew taking into account climate concerns, thus undermining their output legitimacy. The chapter’s discourse analysis of central bankers’ speeches shows that disagreements among officials from the same institution regarding green central banking are grounded in issues outside their core expertise. Furthermore, neither the conservative nor the progressive central bankers defend positions that have the potential to overcome the legitimacy dilemma formulated here.
Introduction
Authors: Slowik Michael
Published: January 2024

The Introduction explains why a close study of Rouben Mamoulian’s films is needed and discusses the ways in which the book will examine those films. In the 1930s and 1940s, Mamoulian was among the most innovative and celebrated directors. Yet his reputation has diminished over time, with scholars favoring auteurs who prized thematic consistency across their work. Through a close look at Mamoulian’s films, those of his contemporaries, and his writings, speeches, interviews, and other archival materials, we find that Mamoulian was a startlingly original filmmaker who offered foundational ideas pertaining to early sound and image strategies during the transition to sound, film rhythm and pacing, the development of the musical genre, color filmmaking, and filming strategies under industry censorship. Mamoulian’s work is vital to anyone interested in the history of Hollywood filmmaking.
Mamoulian, Art, and Cinema
Authors: Slowik Michael
Published: January 2024

The chapter “Mamoulian, Art, and Cinema” explores how Rouben Mamoulian conceptualized film in his writings, speeches, and interviews and provides examples of recurring techniques that illustrate his theories. Thanks to his prior stage work in the 1920s, Mamoulian came to cinema with firm ideas about medium specificity and stylization already in place that would inform his approach to a wide array of filmmaking topics and challenges. For Mamoulian, an artist working in any form should home in on the properties essential to that medium and then stylize those properties to express the author’s viewpoint on the material. The chapter explores how this belief contributed to three recurring techniques across his work: shadow play, forced framings, and scene transitions. Mamoulian’s theories and their applications help explain why Mamoulian was so intent upon playing a defining role in sound cinema techniques.
Mamoulian and Early Film Sound
Authors: Slowik Michael
Published: January 2024

The chapter “Mamoulian and Early Film Sound” examines the innovative sonic approaches Rouben Mamoulian took in his first three films: Applause (1929), City Streets (1931), and Dr. Jekyll and Mr. Hyde (1931). Drawing upon archival records, Mamoulian’s written theories, and viewings of many other extant early sound-era films, the author explores how Mamoulian surmounted significant technological obstacles and announced sound film’s potential as a visually and sonically expressive form. At a time when many filmmakers used sound cinema as a dispassionate recording medium, Applause instead demonstrated how a filmmaker might focus on devices specific to cinema—particularly camera movement and selective and manipulated sound—to articulate narrative ideas. The author also explores the frequently cited claims that Mamoulian “invented” the voice-over in City Streets and synthetic sound in Dr. Jekyll and Mr. Hyde and offers an assessment of Mamoulian’s historical importance centered more broadly on the expressive manipulation of the soundtrack.
Introduction
Authors: Thorson Emily
Published: January 2024

This chapter explains how the invented state fits into the ongoing conversation about the role of misperceptions in democratic functioning. The chapter argues that false beliefs pose the greatest threat to citizen competence when they lead people to hold attitudes or behave in ways that are different than they would behave if fully informed, and misperceptions about existing policy are especially likely to distort opinions in this way.
The contours of the invented state
Authors: Thorson Emily
Published: January 2024

This chapter investigates the contours of the invented state: widespread misperceptions about public policy. It explores how policy misperceptions can arise both from visible, explicit misinformation and from invisible, complex cognitive processes. The chapter first uses an interview approach, drawing on open-ended discussions with 40 Americans to identify common incorrect factual beliefs that people spontaneously invoke to justify and explain their opinions. Data from these interviews inform a representative survey showing that substantial numbers of Americans hold fundamental misperceptions about how government functions, on issues ranging from Social Security to the national debt. In addition, many of these misperceptions transcend party lines and are held by large numbers of both Democrats and Republicans.
How people interpret policy information
Authors: Thorson Emily
Published: January 2024

This chapter argues that correcting misperceptions about existing policy (as opposed to policy outcomes) is particularly likely to have downstream effects on attitudes. An experiment shows that across a range of issues, information about policy outcomes is systematically viewed through a partisan lens. In contrast, information about existing policy is seen as less partisan. I also directly compare the attitudinal effects of exposure to corrective information about existing policy versus policy outcomes in a specific issue area: refugee policy. Correcting misperceptions about existing policy had a strong and significant effect on refugee attitudes, while correcting misperceptions about policy outcomes had no effect.
Policy misperceptions and competence
Authors: Thorson Emily
Published: January 2024

This chapter presents the results of an experiment designed to systematically assess the effects of exposure to corrective information about existing policy across a range of issues and for a range of opinions. The chapter shows that exposure to corrective information about existing policy is effective at reducing misperceptions and increases approval of existing policies. In addition, analyses of open-ended responses suggest that providing information about current policy can alter which aspects of that policy are most salient for people, including what they prioritize changing and what they prefer to keep as is. These results suggest that the invented state does indeed have downstream effects on attitudes.
Conclusion
Authors: Thorson Emily
Published: January 2024

This chapter explains the contributions of this book to the larger conversation about knowledge, misinformation, and citizen competence, arguing that public appetite for information about existing policy is larger than commonly believed and that scholars of misinformation should pay more attention to measuring and assessing downstream effects of misperceptions on attitudes. It also considers some of the book’s limitations, including questions it leaves unanswered. Finally, it offers practical suggestions for and real-world example of how both journalists and academics might build on these findings to begin to dismantle the invented state.
Radical Politics
Authors: Thomas Peter D.
Published: January 2024

Radical Politics argues for the renewal of a politics of self-emancipation. The last 20 years has witnessed a proliferation of radical social and political movements around the world in wave after wave of struggles against intersecting forms of exploitation, domination, and subalternization. From the Alternative Globalization Movement, anti-war protests, Occupy, the International Women’s Strike, BlackLivesMatter, and direct action against the climate emergency, a series of common questions have continually re-emerged as practical challenges. How should radical political movements relate to the state? What makes emancipatory politics fundamentally different from both technocratic and populist models of “politics as usual”? Are there distinctive ways of doing politics that can help to increase the capacity for self-emancipation? Which forms of organization are most likely to deepen and extend the dynamics that led to the emergence of these movements of resistance and rebellion in the first place? Radical Politics argues that our responses to these recurrent questions should be considered in terms of a theory of the “causes” of contemporary emancipation; or an investigation into the goal, nature, method, and organizational forms of radical political engagement against the neoliberal consensus. It also proposes a dialogue with Antonio Gramsci’s political theory—reading a classic thinker of the contradictions of political modernity in new ways in the light of the concerns of the present—while also rethinking the central problems, concepts, and structures of feeling of contemporary emancipatory movements in relation to Gramsci’s distinctive notion of hegemony as a strategic method of self-emancipation.
Introduction
Authors: Thomas Peter D.
Published: January 2024

The introduction argues that the cycles of radical and emancipatory political movements that have marked the first decades of the twenty-first century should be understood as the emergence of new models of self-emancipatory politics. The common questions posed by these movements regarding the state, the nature of politics, methods of political work, and organizational forms are characterized as a potential “aitiology” of contemporary emancipation,” or an investigation into its final, material, efficient, and formal causes. This chapter argues that a dialogue between the concerns of contemporary intersectional sociopolitical movements and Antonio Gramsci, in a relation of mutual translatability, has the potential both to clarify the key challenges confronted by these movements as well as to highlight hitherto underemphasized resources in Gramsci’s political thought—particularly his notions of political modernity as a process of subalternization and of hegemony as strategic method of self-emancipatory politics.
Efficient Cause
Authors: Thomas Peter D.
Published: January 2024

The third chapter argues that contemporary radical movements should adopt a strategically focused understanding of hegemony as their “method of political work.” Against readings that have valorized hegemony as a generic theory of power, conflating it with the notion of passive revolution, this chapter argues that hegemony’s primary relevance today consists in its experimental hypothesis of subaltern self-emancipation. This interpretation of hegemony sees it not as a variant of the Hobbesian-Rousseauvian paradigm of the unified political order of modern sovereignty but instead as a “visual angle” and distinctive strategic method for engaging in political action. This method is consolidated in the four central dimensions of the foundation of a new order, advocacy of historical progress, the practice of empowering leadership, and the notion of political action as a pedagogical laboratory. Understood in this way, hegemony appears as a way of doing politics beyond the limits of modern sovereignty.
The anonymity puzzle
Authors: Roberts M. A.
Published: January 2024

The Imagine one future in which a well-off person exists, a second in which that same person exists at that same wellbeing level along with a second person who is well off but not quite as well off as the first, and a third in which those same two people merely reverse positions. We don’t yet seem to have a puzzle. Anti-natalism as to the second person seems implausible. And an anonymity principle seems to require impartiality between similarly situated individuals. Those points together suggest that the three futures are equally good. But indefinite iteration of that same fact pattern and same analysis does produce a puzzle, a puzzle of repugnant conclusion–type dimensions. The proposed solution—the identity-sensitive solution—lies in a return to the Pareto reduction principle in combination with an anti-anti-natalist inductive strategy and a modest restriction on the anonymity principle.
Person-based consequentialism: A new way of doing the best we can
Authors: Roberts M. A.
Published: January 2024

Each of the five existence puzzles—the asymmetry, Pareto, addition, anonymity, and better chance puzzle—can be reworked as arguments that insist that, if we accept the basic maximizing intuition, we must reject the basic existential intuition. This book shows that each such argument is invalid. By avoiding appeal to traditional total view (one that simply adds up raw wellbeing levels) and adopting instead a granulated, person-by-person and future-by-future inquiry into what makes things better and what we ought to do, we can articulate a collection of moral principles—together with various conceptual necessities, person based consequentialism—that nicely reconciles our two basic intuitions against each other. This book thus concludes in full support of Narveson’s idea that we are “in favour of making people happy” but entirely “neutral about making happy people.”
Between practice and theory
Authors: Rink John
Published: January 2024

This chapter picks up from the first one in the book by considering how musical performance studies might develop in the future. After identifying the need for greater synergy across the domain, the author presents a case study of a video recording by Alfred Brendel of a Schubert piece, demonstrating how the separation sometimes posited between ‘academic researchers’ and ‘artist researchers’ might be transcended. It is claimed – controversially – that the case study can be construed as an example of artistic research. Consideration is also given to what the field of musical performance studies offers to performers themselves in terms of both theoretical insight and artistic inspiration. The conclusion is that the quest to understand what performance is, what it signifies, and how we do or might do it will never end. This envoi encapsulates the impetus behind the author’s own work in the field and a significant proportion of performance studies research more generally.
Introduction
Authors: Freer Courtney
Published: January 2024

This introductory chapter sets out the book’s theoretical framing, first delving into previous political science work that has focused primarily on organs of the state, particularly the ruling family, and then introducing a new focus on the ideologies and ascriptive identities that mobilize Kuwaiti voters. It also introduces debates to be addressed throughout the book, such as whether ideology or ascriptive identity are key mobilizing factors, whether the state exists as a unitary actor in Kuwait, and the extent to which the description of Kuwait as housing a hybrid regime is appropriate. The chapter also outlines the methodology used for this study and the structure of the book.
Institutional Parameters
Authors: Freer Courtney
Published: January 2024

This chapter serves as an introduction to political life in Kuwait. It first outlines Kuwait’s early history as a British protectorate, before going on to detail its independence and the emergence of modern political life, beginning with the institution of parliament at independence and the writing of the Kuwaiti constitution. This chapter also notes instances of parliamentary suspension and explains changes in electoral laws and redistricting, as well as the legal parameters for political blocs. In addition to introducing the institutions of politics in Kuwait, the chapter explains other means of political mobilization, such as the National Union of Kuwaiti Students, civil society groups, dīwāniyyāt, and cooperative societies.
The 1960s
Authors: Freer Courtney
Published: January 2024

This chapter covers the early political history of Kuwait, when the al-Sabah family after independence worked to balance an increasingly politically oppositional merchant elite with a newly naturalized tribal population. It goes on to focus on the main political developments of Kuwait’s first decade of independence, primarily the establishment of the political institutions of the state and the ways in which these were altered during this period. It also introduces the primary political ideologies of that time, namely the rise of Arab nationalism and the state’s acceptance of the Muslim Brotherhood as an alternative to the popular Arab nationalist strand. The chapter also assesses the Kuwaiti state’s efforts to make ascriptive identities the primary mobilizing factor by naturalizing large numbers of the traditionally tribal population.
The 1980s
Authors: Freer Courtney
Published: January 2024

This chapter covers the 1980s, a generally tumultuous decade in Kuwaiti politics, including the beginning of violent movements in the country and the mobilization of Shiʿi Islamist and Salafi political blocs in parliament. The chapter begins with the institution of a new electoral law, including redistricting, in 1980 and the restoration of parliamentary life in 1981. During this time, parliament used the same instruments to hold the unelected segments of government to account as it had in the 1970s. The chapter goes on to cover the consequent dissolution of parliament (1986–1991) and popular reactions to it, ending with an assessment of the creation of the cross-ideological Constitutional Movement which sought the restoration of legislative life.
The 1990s
Authors: Freer Courtney
Published: January 2024

This chapter reviews the 1990s, a period of change for Kuwait and of recovery, financially, economically, socially, and politically, from the Iraqi invasion and occupation. It begins with a discussion of the state’s reaction to the Iraqi invasion and occupation and the role of independent political and social movements, namely the Muslim Brotherhood, in stepping into this power vacuum. The chapter then examines the restoration of parliament in 1992, after government attempts to alter legislation, as well as opposition mobilization through the formation of new electoral coalitions. It goes on to assess the results of elections in 1996 and 1999, which demonstrated the desire for an increasingly vocal and ideologically broad-based political opposition to effect political reform.
Conclusion
Authors: Freer Courtney
Published: January 2024

This chapter brings together the previous empirical chapters to clarify the book’s theoretical contribution to the field of political science and to the study of Kuwait more specifically. Rather than viewing Kuwait as an isolated case study or in comparison only with its neighbors in the GCC, the book situates the country within broader ideological trends common across the Arab world: Arab nationalism, Islamism, and the Arab Spring. These illustrate the ways in which Kuwait’s connections with the broader Arab world have informed its domestic political life and reveal it to be a powerful case study in the analysis of the applicability of labels like hybrid regimes and authoritarian rentier states. The chapter concludes with a review of likely avenues for the future of Kuwait’s parliament and opposition politics and highlights avenues for further research.
Sequencing
Authors: Fieldsteel Eli
Published: January 2024

The ability to generate interesting musical sounds is essential to the creative process, but this alone does not reveal techniques for structuring musical actions in time. To this end, the goal of this chapter is to improve the reader's familiarity and facility with expressing and playing musical sequences (e.g. phrases, chord progressions, note arpeggiators, or simply placing discrete sounds along an imagined timeline). The chapter begins with an introduction of the Routine class, a special type of function that can pause and resume, capable of performing a sequence of code actions by manual step-through or autonomous timed playback. TempoClock is introduced as a mechanism for expressing musical timing based on tempo, with options for rhythmic quantization and synchronization. This chapter also introduces Patterns and Streams, a unique and powerful feature of the SuperCollider language that encompasses a large collection of algorithmic modules that provide a concise score language for music. This section begins with basic value patterns for numerical data sequences, introduces the Event class for modelling musical actions, and arrives at Pbind, a cornerstone of the SuperCollider language that enables compact and modular sequential expression. Additionally, the chapter examines pattern composition ideas/shortcuts and introduces classes that facilitate real-time pattern control.
External Control
Authors: Fieldsteel Eli
Published: January 2024

SuperCollider can communicate with a variety of external devices and control protocols, which has the potential to enable new and alternative modes of performance, interaction, and improvisation, which are difficult or impossible to achieve by simply writing and evaluating code. This chapter primarily focuses on receiving control data via the MIDI and OSC (Open Sound Control) protocols, presenting the essential workflow and classes for mapping incoming messages onto musical actions, and also discusses techniques for sending MIDI or OSC data from SuperCollider to external destinations. Both protocols are good choices for incorporating physical controllers and other computers into a project, such as multimedia collaborations or laptop ensembles. OSC is the basis for all communication between the SuperCollider language and audio server, and therefore serves as an excellent option for many types of internal and external data sharing. This chapter also briefly discusses serial communication over USB using the SerialPort class (useful for projects that integrate Arduino or other microcontrollers), as well as the Human Interface Device (HID) protocol, which is relevant to some computer keyboards, mice, and game controllers.
Introduction
Authors: McDaniel Byrd
Published: January 2024

This introduction defines “spectacular listening,” demonstrating how the term can help explain the growing popularity of practices that enable music consumers to translate listening into new performances for audiences. McDaniel links this rise to digital platforms that incentivize new performance genres. He contextualizes these practices against the backdrop of dominant listening norms in musical institutions, technologies, and discourse—what he calls “normal listening.” Ultimately, McDaniel reveals how normal listening has come to support ableist assumptions about musical listening, and he sets the stage for four case studies that offer opportunities for disruption of these norms through spectacular alternatives.
Use Your Illusion
Authors: McDaniel Byrd
Published: January 2024

Chapter 1 focuses on competitors in the US Air Guitar Championships, an annual competition consisting of local, regional, and national air guitar competitions. The winner goes on to represent the United States in a Eurovision-style global air guitar competition in Oulu, Finland. These competitions feature hundreds of competitors and thousands of spectators. Competitors do not simply perform as themselves but construct elaborate personas that come to represent the powerful potential of listening to rock music. McDaniel offers perspectives of five competitors, all of whom experience a range of impairments—from anorexia to chronic pain to PTSD. He shows how air guitar competitions enable them to objectify their listening experience (quite literally, through constructing an imaginary guitar), which ultimately allows them to expose and disclose impairments to the community. Linking theories of disability with ethnomusicology, McDaniel demonstrates how air guitar competitions enable performers to masquerade and exaggerate impairments, fostering a feeling of intelligibility and mutual recognition between performers and audiences.
Accessible Listening
Authors: McDaniel Byrd
Published: January 2024

Chapter 4 engages with podcasts as a practice, focusing on a collection of disabled podcasters who highlight music and art in their work. McDaniel examines how these hosts present listening as audible, emphasizing accessibility as a critical musical practice. These podcasts include Disability Visibility, Power Not Pity, and Reid My Mind. Their hosts listen as a form of content on their podcast, while they model listening through their performances. McDaniel considers how listening in an audio-based format can actually invite a recognition of the entire body in the listening experience. He theorizes these approaches as accessible listening and considers how listening to podcasts can inform the way people listen to other forms of sonic art, particularly popular music.
The SDF
Authors: Holmes Amy Austin
Published: January 2024

Using original survey data collected on the ground of some 400 members of the Syrian Democratic Forces (SDF), I allow the voices of those who defeated ISIS to be heard. I trace the history of how Kurds created the mixed-gender YXG in 2011, which split into separate militias for men (YPG) and women (YPJ). These units were the foundation upon which the multiethnic SDF was built. My survey data illustrates that Arab SDF members belonged to forty-six different tribes or subtribes, representing the tribal diversity of the region. I then showcase two Arab units: the Sanadid Forces based along the northeastern border to Iraq, and the Manbij Military Council (MMC) in the northwest, bordering regions held by the regime and Idlib, and four Christian-led units: the Syriac Military Council, Bethnahrin Women Protection Forces, the Khabur Guards, and the Martyr Nubar Ozanyan Brigade, who guard sections of the frontlines with Turkey and Turkish-occupied Syria.
Delinking from Damascus
Authors: Holmes Amy Austin
Published: January 2024

This chapter analyzes the economic underpinnings of the autonomous region, which is based on control of oil, rich agricultural lands, important waterways such as the Tabqa Dam, and local female-run communes that allow women a degree of economic independence. Despite being under embargo from all sides, the Autonomous Administration can now offer salaries that are nearly double what is paid by the central government in Damascus. I argue that their plan to develop North and East Syria can be divided into short-term, medium-term, and long-term strategies. In order to achieve this, I contend that officials are not following a single theory or praxis, but are guided by an eclectic mix of radical feminism, a social-democratic commitment to provide a safety net for a population ravaged by war, as well as elements of capitalism in trying to promote small- and medium-sized enterprises in the private sector.
Yezidis and the Statelet of Survivors
Authors: Holmes Amy Austin
Published: January 2024

Since the beginning of the conflict in 2011, Syrians have lived under four regimes: the Assad regime, ISIS, the Autonomous Administration, and under Turkish occupation. Comparing how these four types of government have treated Yezidis—one of the most vulnerable minorities in the country—brings into sharp contrast the vast differences between them. Under the Baathists, Yezidis experienced systematic denial of their identity, followed by enslavement and genocide at the hands of ISIS. The AANES, however, recognized the Yezidi religion and allowed for a brief flourishing of the Yezidi religion and culture. The Autonomous Administration of North and East Syria has offered five things to the small Yezidi community: (1) recognition of their existence, (2) political representation, (3) religious freedom, (4) protection from annihilation, and (5) attempts at accountability by establishing courts to try Syrian ISIS members. Many of these gains have been rolled back, however, in the areas now occupied by Turkey.
The Inconclusiveness of Quasi-States
Authors: Holmes Amy Austin
Published: January 2024

In the concluding chapter I summarize the main arguments of the book and also sketch divergent possible future scenarios. Having defeated the Caliphate, the Autonomous Administration now shoulders the burden of detaining tens of thousands of people affiliated with ISIS, including many Iraqis, Europeans, and other non-Syrian nationals. While the United States has led efforts calling for countries around the world to repatriate and rehabilitate their nationals, many countries refuse to take back their own citizens. Until now, the calls for an international tribunal, akin to the Nuremberg Trials after World War II, have been ignored. The AANES remains excluded from the UN-led talks over the future of Syria, while the region remains surrounded by adversaries. Will the statelet persist, extend to other parts of Syria, or be erased from the map like Republic of Ararat?
Describing . . . Emplacements: Do the Right Thing (Spike Lee, 1989)
Authors: Corrigan Timothy
Published: January 2024

An analysis of the riot sequence in the film, focusing on Mookie’s decision to provoke the riot. The discussion highlights the filmic action of blocking and the placement of characters within the racial tensions of Bed-Stuy.
Where Are the Women?
Authors: Stephenson Elise
Published: January 2024

This chapter explores the critical juncture for gender in international affairs, revealing the gendered leadership crisis that has been delivered off the back of the #MeToo, #BlackLivesMatter, and #EnoughIsEnough movements, and alongside cascading crises delivered by COVID-19. It introduces the research question of why women remain underrepresented in Australian international affairs, and the intersectional feminist institutional (IFI) framework used to interrogate who is chosen to represent the state internationally. The choice of Australia as a case study is explored, reinforcing Australia’s global leadership in terms of gender equality in international affairs, but also the entrenched gendered, racialised, and heteronormative challenges that remain in particular to impact on diverse women’s representation and inclusion. This chapter lays out the structure for the rest of the book, providing crucial insights on the lessons learned and methodological, empirical, and theoretical contributions made.
Exploring Theories on Gender and International Affairs
Authors: Stephenson Elise
Published: January 2024

Chapter 2 explores the literature and research on gender and international affairs to date and develops the theoretical and conceptual framework of the book. Extending feminist institutionalist (FI) theory to the spheres of diplomatic and security decision-making, the book argues that multiply layered formal and informal gendered challenges, rules, norms, and practices impact on women’s pathways to, and experiences of, international leadership. The chapter situates the research in the field of international relations and explores the gendered nature of diplomacy and national security, from both historical and conceptual perspectives. It examines how gender and institutions have previously been conceptualised with reference to Australian international institutions, before detailing the theoretical frameworks that explain women’s underrepresentation and exploring their use in other internationalised contexts.
Historical Developments in International Affairs and Deep Insights Into the Case Agencies
Authors: Stephenson Elise
Published: January 2024

Chapter 4 provides a brief historical analysis of international affairs and each of the four case agencies—the Department of Foreign Affairs and Trade, Defence, Department of Home Affairs, and Australian Federal Police. It dissects the policy and organisational environments and traces the current more women-informed and feminist turn in foreign policy. This chapter is particularly important in grappling with the different organisational histories of the agencies and how they have evolved over time with regards to opening opportunities for women. Through doing so, the historical basis of much of the agency’s contemporary challenges is revealed, which provides an important basis for later discussions around how gendered challenges to international leadership have evolved over time. The ramifications this has for other analyses is significant, highlighting that women’s increasing representation does not automatically correlate with a reduction in gendered (and other) inequalities—emblematic of a glass cliff. The chapter further highlights that visibility or invisibility of gendered challenges may impact on women’s representation, and remains to be an important area for analysis.
Where Are the Women in International Affairs Leadership?
Authors: Stephenson Elise
Published: January 2024

Chapter 6 presents some of the first surprising conclusions around militaristic versus bureaucratic structures when it comes to international gender representation. It breaks down the data, demonstrating a broad pattern whereby women remain segregated by status, prestige, and strategic importance of posts and positions gained. It finds that women’s underrepresentation in international affairs is pervasive, unrelenting, and seldom overcome. Underrepresentation is evidenced across diplomatic missions, the United Nations and other international organisations, military bases, political meetings, and negotiations, think tanks and the corporate advisory community, and even academia. Women’s underrepresentation in international affairs is therefore all-consuming.
Eat Without Fear
Authors: Farrell Nicholas R. , Becker Carolyn Black , Waller Glenn
Published: January 2024

Eating disorders are serious conditions that can be hard to treat; however, the chances of overcoming an eating disorder increase when exposure therapy is used as part of the overall treatment strategy. Exposure therapy involves confronting (rather than avoiding) challenging scenarios that evoke distress, and though this technique has typically been used mainly by psychotherapists, people struggling with eating disorders can use it on their own to reduce troubling eating behaviors. Eat Without Fear provides practical, reader-friendly information about this innovative, scientifically supported approach, as well as guidance on how to apply it effectively to beat an eating disorder using a “team approach” that involves family members, friends, and other loved ones. Readers will benefit from the use of easy-to-understand language describing the key concepts of eating disorders and how exposure therapy can help treat them. Additionally, the book guides readers through therapeutic activities that enable them to effectively practice exposure therapy techniques on their own. Given the value of involving family members and other supportive people in the eating disorder recovery process, this book encourages collaboration between readers and their loved ones and offers practical suggestions for how they can work together to achieve their desired goals.
How are eating disorders maintained?
Authors: Farrell Nicholas R. , Becker Carolyn Black , Waller Glenn
Published: January 2024

Understanding how eating disorders are often maintained through a familiar cycle of responding to anxiety with avoidance and safety behaviors is an important step in beginning exposure therapy. This chapter offers readers a detailed explanation of the chief maintaining factors in eating disorders and helps readers grasp how these factors work to sustain and sometimes even worsen the condition. Whereas it is common for individuals with eating disorders to wonder about the causes of their condition, this chapter explains to readers how an understanding of present-day maintaining factors is more useful because it allows for application of exposure therapy to directly disrupt the maintenance of the eating disorder.
Exposure to anxiety about weighing
Authors: Farrell Nicholas R. , Becker Carolyn Black , Waller Glenn
Published: January 2024

This chapter explains the rationale for weighing exposure to address fear of weighing that leads to avoidance of weighing. Readers are provided examples of how fears of weighing commonly manifest in the form of various avoidance behaviors. This chapter also addresses very frequent weighing and provides information on how to reduce weighing to tolerate uncertainty about weight. The chapter acknowledges that weighing may be more fraught for readers who have higher-weight bodies but notes that people in higher-weight bodies can still benefit from learning about the degree to which eating does and does not (secondary to genetics) influence their weight.
Other areas for exposure
Authors: Farrell Nicholas R. , Becker Carolyn Black , Waller Glenn
Published: January 2024

Two less commonly discussed methods of using exposure therapy for eating disorders are detailed, explaining how they can be used to address common symptoms that merit more attention. Interoceptive exposure is used for addressing physical sensations associated with the fears that are common in eating disorders—particularly the sensation of fullness, which can leave the individual more likely to avoid food, perpetuating the eating disorder. In contrast, imaginal exposure is used to help individuals to overcome their fear about future events, such as serious illness or being abandoned by others, by asking people to focus on thoughts or ideas that they normally avoid.
Our Future Is Uncertain
Authors: Finneron-Burns Elizabeth
Published: January 2024

This chapter addresses how uncertainty about the future should be accommodated in the principles I developed earlier in the book. It begins by developing a principle of reasonable risk imposition with respect to the probability of creating people who will have very bad qualities of life. Second, it argues that since we have epistemic limitations with respect to what future people will need/want, we should refine our principles to focus on satisfiers of needs, rather than particular resources, and that we ought to make an assessment of the probable quantity of resources future people will need and make our conservation assessments on that basis. Finally, it addresses the question of how we know how much to conserve for the distant future and suggests that we have a positive duty to conserve for the next few generations and a negative duty not to actively harm more distant future generations if we can reasonably avoid it.
What Do We Owe to Future People?
Authors: Finneron-Burns Elizabeth
Published: January 2024

This chapter takes the reason-balanced sufficientarian principles of intergenerational resource distribution, permissible procreation, permissible population sizes, and uncertainty about the future that were developed previously and applies them to concrete, real-world questions. It looks at specific procreative circumstances like procreation by older, poor, or disabled parents, surrogates, gamete donors, and parents procreating to create a saviour sibling to save an existing child. It also looks at what population policies (i.e., pro- or anti-natalist) are permissible, how much individuals and states should be doing to mitigate climate change, and whether, why, and how we ought to try to mitigate existential risk or be ‘longtermists’.
The Historical Context of the Upaniṣads
Authors: Cohen Signe
Published: January 2024

The oldest Upaniṣads were composed in India between 800 bce and the first few centuries of the Common Era. These centuries were a time of great social and intellectual change in India. Chapter 2 discusses the religious and social characteristics of the earlier Vedic society and contrasts the world of the Vedas with that of the Upaniṣads. The chapter traces the intellectual shift in ancient Indian culture away from the worship of gods and mastery of complicated rituals toward an emphasis on abstract thought and insight into the nature of reality as well as one’s own self. This chapter also discusses the relationship between the Hindu Upaniṣads and the sacred texts of the Buddhists and Jains.
Who Do We Love?
Authors: Blair Karen L. , Courtice Erin L. , Hoskin Rhea Ashley
Published: January 2024

Attitudes toward sexual and gender minorities, particularly toward their romantic relationships, have ebbed and flowed throughout history. There are examples throughout history of cultures celebrating and persecuting same-sex relationships. However, by the turn of the 20th century, Western societies largely viewed same-sex and gender-diverse relationships as deviant. Indeed, many jurisdictions criminalized such relationships and their associated identities and behaviors. This chapter explores the lesser known history of how modern attitudes toward sexual and gender diversity developed throughout the 20th century and identifies femmephobia as an important area for future research. Femmephobia refers to the societal devaluation and regulation of femininity and, as we argue in this chapter, can be viewed as a common thread woven across many of the other prejudicial attitudes targeting sexual and gender minorities since the early 1900s.
Defining Your Purpose
Authors: Beale Charles W.
Published: January 2024

This chapter identifies the networks of relationships around choral groups as community ecosystems, and argues that to be successful, any choir or chorus should define its unique artistic and social purpose in relation to the values and culture of its ecosystem. Six workshops then explore how a group can define its vision, mission, and values by establishing what is memorable and meaningful in its work, researching its stakeholders, and evaluating its current artistic and social practices. Having defined its mission, it can then develop a three- to five-year artistic strategy that aligns with it. In the process, that group’s community bonds, relationships deepen, and its artistic work becomes more equitable, stylistically open, relevant, and impactful.
Pulse, Rhythm, and Groove
Authors: Beale Charles W.
Published: January 2024

Rhythm and groove skills are vital to all good choral singing but especially to non-classical styles, and this chapter argues that they should be built systematically into the music education of both choral singers and choral directors. These skills open the door to more authentic and confident performances of all musical styles, and will help especially with groove-based ones, enabling and empowering BIPOC singers, choral leaders, and music educators. Groove is defined and related to human connection, and key concepts like “feeling the beat” and the need to externalize the pulse in the body and the voice are identified. Workshops cover pulse, rhythmic phrasing, musical character, feel, placement skills, locking in, and common rhythmic vocabulary used in choral singing.