bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Love Scripts of Persons with Antisocial Personality
Authors: Gawda Barbara
Published: September 2010

This study compared the scripts of love among 60 prison inmates diagnosed with Antisocial Personality Disorder and those of 40 inmates without an Antisocial Personality Disorder diagnosis but low antisocial tendencies, and a control group of 100 adult students in extramural or evening secondary schools without Antisocial Personality Disorder traits. The study focused on emotional knowledge about love of the group with Antisocial Personality Disorder, as they present lack of capacity for love. The study was done to examine how they perceive love and how much knowledge they have about love. All described their reactions to a photograph of a couple hugging each other. The content of these scripts, analyzed in terms of description of actors, their actions and emotions, and length of description, was compared among the groups. The scripts of love by antisocial inmates contained more actors' feelings and strong emotions, as well as more descriptions of actors' traits, their actions, and presumptions. The inmates with Antisocial Personality Disorder showed more focus on themselves when they described love than the other inmates and the controls.
Dreams by Persons with Mood Disorders
Authors: Zanasi Marco , Pecorella Martina , Chiaramonte Carlo , Niolu Cinzia , Siracusano Alberto
Published: September 2010

This work evaluated the structure of dreams in depressed patients. The verbal reports of dreams of 100 depressed patients were compared with 251 dreams of a control group. In accordance with the Jungian thought, which view's dreams as texts, dream reports were assessed using textual analysis processing techniques. Significant differences were found in parameter values, as well as in the role of the dreamer as an external observer. Considering the length of the dreams' texts, depressed patients used fewer words than the control group. With regard to sensory field, there were fewer lemmas referring to sight for depressed patients than for healthy participants. This work seems to confirm the value of textual analysis in the study of oneiric material
The Japanese Version of the Coping Orientation to Problems Expereinced: A Study of Japanese Schoolteachers
Authors: Otsuka Yasumasa , Takada Misato , Suzuki Ayako , Tomotake Sawako , Nakata Akinori
Published: September 2010

To investigate the internal consistency reliability and three types of validity of the Coping Orientation to Problems Experienced (COPE), a survey was conducted among 209 English schoolteachers in Japan. The Japanese version of the COPE Inventory was developed through a back-translation process. Cronbach coefficients alpha for the Japanese version were above .70 for all subscalcs except five, including Acceptance and Restraint, so internal consistencies for these five were insufficient. Goodness of fit indexes for a confirmatory factor analysis were acceptable except for the Comparative Fit Index. Scores on COPE subscales were significantly correlated with scores on other tests (29 of 75 correlations were in the expected directions). Further exploration is required for several subscales and for generalization to Japanese-speaking populations in careers other than teaching to ensure the Japanese version of the COPE will be useful in assessing coping strategics. Given the limitations, present data for Japanese teachers are encouraging.
Implicit Theory of Athletic Ability and Self-Handicapping in College Students
Authors: Chen Lung Hung , Chen Mei-Yen , Lin Meng-Shyan , Kee Ying Hwa , Kuo Chin Fang , Shui Shang-Hsueh
Published: September 2010

Self-handicapping is a maladaptive behavior which undermines students' achievements, but the antecedents of self-handicapping are not well studied in physical education. The aim was to examine the relations of implicit theory of abilities and self-handicapping in physical education. 264 college students, whose mean age was 20.3 yr. ( SD= 1.7), completed the Conceptions of the Nature of Athletic Ability Questionnaire-2 and Self-handicapping Scale for Sport. Analysis indicated entity beliefs positively predicted reduced effort and making excuses. Also, incremental beliefs negatively predicted reduced effort. Results are discussed in terms of implicit theory of ability and self-handicapping. Directions for research and implications are stated.
Adults' Understanding of Child Development
Authors: Furnham Adrian
Published: September 2010

230 adults estimated the ages at which children and adolescents ages 1 to 16 years could perform certain tasks like, “Say the months of the year backwards” and “Ride a bicycle.” Nearly two-thirds of the participants consistently underestimated the age at which young people could perform. A total “correct” score, computed for each participant, formed a normal distribution. This score was used as a criterion measure for a series of multiple regressions. The strongest predictor was the extent to which people had regular contact with children, indicating the role of experience.
Reliability and Validity of the Japanese Version of the Chalder Fatigue Scale among Youth in Japan
Authors: Tanaka Masaaki , Fukuda Sanae , Mizuno Kei , Imai-Matsumura Kyoko , Jodoi Takako , Kawatani Junko , Takano Miyuki , Miike Teruhisa , Tomoda Akemi , Watanabe Yasuyoshi
Published: September 2010

In the present study, the reliability and construct validity of the Japanese version of the Chalder Fatigue Scale was evaluated as a measure of severity of fatigue among young students in Japan. A healthy group comprised 27 Grade 6 primary school students and 28 Grade 1 junior high school students. The severely fatigued group were hospital outpatients with childhood chronic fatigue syndrome ( n = 21). Principal components analysis with varimax rotation identified 4 factors which accounted for 63.2% of the total variance, as in the original English version. Internal consistency (Cronbach coefficient α) was .73, and test-retest reliability measured using Spearman rank correlation coefficient was .55. Scale scores of the healthy subjects were lower than those of the patients with childhood chronic fatigue syndrome. The reliability (a) and construct validity of the Japanese version of the scale among healthy students in Japan were satisfactory for research studies among healthy school students.
The Balanced Inventory of Desirable Responding (BIDR): A Factor Analysis
Authors: Li Feng , Li Yongjuan
Published: September 2010

A confirmatory factor analysis of the Balanced Inventory of Desirable Responding based on a sample of 683 Chinese undergraduate and graduate students did not support the 2-factor (Paulhus) or 3-factor (Paulhus & Reid) models reported for Canadian samples. A follow-up principal components factor analysis yielded four factors, suggesting that both items on self-deception and impression management were split into enhancement and denial and that the structure of the inventory might vary across nations or cultures.
Relationships between Coping Strategies and Defense Mechanisms in Sport Performance
Authors: Nicolas Michel , Jebrane Ahmed
Published: September 2010

In an exploratory study, the relationships between two major concepts in psychological adjustment, coping strategies, and defense mechanisms were investigated. Sport competition is an example of a real-world context in which people's responses to stressful situations can be investigated. The extent to which participants reported different uses of coping strategies and defense mechanisms was assessed in terms of performance. 26 elite kayakers were classified into one of two groups, depending on the discrepancy between their standard performance and their performance in competition. Correlations were found among the coping strategies of seeking social support, positive reappraisal/planful problem solving, and mature defenses and between the coping strategy of distancing/avoidance and immature defenses. The results of multivariate and univariate analyses confirmed a significantly different use of coping strategies and defense mechanisms between the two performance groups. In light of these findings, certain recommendations in terms of methodology and application are warranted. Coping strategies and defense mechanisms should be studied to improve adjustment to sport performance.
Update on the Debate about the Existence and Utility of the Big Five: A Ten-Year Follow-Up on Carroll's “The Five-Factor Personality Model: How Complete and Satisfactory is it?”
Authors: Merenda Peter F.
Published: September 2010

This paper is a follow-up comment on John B. Carroll's critique of the Big Five Model and his suggestion years ago on how to design and conduct research properly on the structure of personality and its assessment. The status of research on personality factor models is discussed, and conclusions are reached regarding the likely consequences and further prospects of the failure of personality theorists and practitioners to follow through on Carroll's poignant suggestion for required effort.
Heuristic versus Systematic Processing of Information in Detecting Deception: Questioning the Truth Bias
Authors: Masip Jaume , Garrido Eugenio , Herrero Carmen
Published: September 2010

Research on nonverbal detection of deception has normally been conducted by asking observers to judge the veracity of a number of videotaped communications. These video clips have typically been very short. Observers have a tendency to judge most of these statements as truthful. An experiment was conducted in which 52 participants (44 women, 8 men; M age = 22.2 yr., SD = 2.2) who were taking a psychology and law course were requested to make judgments of credibility at different points of the senders' statements. A strong truth bias was apparent when judgments were made at the beginning of the statements, suggesting that when exposed to brief communications, the observers make heuristic judgments. Over time, a decrease in the truth bias and an increase in overall accuracy were found, suggesting that later judgments were increasingly based on systematic information processing. These results suggest that the truth bias that has been found in previous deception research may be a result of having used very brief and uninformative behavioral samples as stimuli.
Childhood Emotional Neglect Related to Posttraumatic Stress Disorder Symptoms and Body Mass Index in Adult Women
Authors: Pederson Cathy L. , Wilson Josephine F.
Published: September 2010

The relationships among the severity of childhood abuse and neglect, posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD), and adult obesity were investigated. 207 women ( M age = 26.5 yr., SD = 6.7) completed the Childhood Trauma Questionnaire, Millon Clinician Multiaxial Inventory, and a demographic questionnaire. Analyses of variance indicated that women who reported moderate-to-extreme emotional neglect ( n = 71) had significantly higher PTSD scores and increased BMI compared to women who reported low emotional neglect ( n = 84). Women who reported severe sexual or emotional abuse also had higher PTSD scores, but no relationship was found with BMI when other factors were controlled. Although PTSD scores and self-reported severity of childhood emotional neglect were strongly correlated ( r206 = .61, p < .001), PTSD was not found to be a mediating factor in obesity in women who reported childhood emotional neglect, although depression was.
Attachment Type for Adolescents in Residential Treatment Centers
Authors: Confalonieri Emanuela , Traficante Daniela , Vitali Roberta
Published: September 2010

The styles of attachment in two groups of adolescents with different characteristics and life experiences are examined. Participants were 81 adolescents residing inside residential treatment centers ( M age = 15.5 yr., SD = 1.1; 48% boys, 52% girls) and 81 adolescents living with their own families ( M age = 15.6 yr., SD = 1.3; 49% boys, 51% girls). The Italian adaptation of the Separation Anxiety Test was used to measure attachment style. Only the data obtained from the “Self” perspective indicated a significant difference between the two groups, showing higher percentages of Secure attachment among adolescents living with their families. When replies were referred to the “Self,” the risk of assessing Insecure attachment in the Residential group was about 2 times higher than in the Family group ( OR = 2.28).
Do Warning Signs on Electronic Gaming Machines Influence Irrational Cognitions?
Authors: Monaghan Sally , Blaszczynski Alex , Nower Lia
Published: September 2010

Electronic gaming machines are popular among problem gamblers; in response, governments have introduced “responsible gaming” legislation incorporating the mandatory display of warning signs on or near electronic gaming machines. These signs are designed to correct irrational and erroneous beliefs through the provision of accurate information on probabilities of winning and the concept of randomness. There is minimal empirical data evaluating the effectiveness of such signs. In this study, 93 undergraduate students were randomly allocated to standard and informative messages displayed on an electronic gaming machine during play in a laboratory setting. Results revealed that a majority of participants incorrectly estimated gambling odds and reported irrational gambling-related cognitions prior to play. In addition, there were no significant between-group differences, and few participants recalled the content of messages or modified their gambling-related cognitions. Signs placed on electronic gaming machines may not modify irrational beliefs or alter gambling behaviour.
Reactions to Prayer at Governmental Meetings
Authors: Daugherty Timothy K. , West Aimee M. , Williams Melissa C. , Brockman Jacob M.
Published: September 2010

An interaction of mean ratings of support and intent to vote for officials between scenarios in which the religion of a government official offering a prayer was experimentally manipulated, and the reported reaction of the community, was related to 64 college women's support and intention to vote for the official. Importance of religion to the participants contributed significant variance as a covariate.
The Big Five Traits as Predictors of Subjective and Psychological Well-Being
Authors: Grant Sharon , Langan-Fox Janice , Anglim Jeromy
Published: September 2010

Despite considerable research on personality and “hedonic” or subjective well-being, parallel research on “eudaimonic” or psychological well-being is scarce. The current study investigated the relationship between the Big Five traits and subjective and psychological well-being among 211 men and women. Results indicated that the relationship between personality factors and psychological well-being was stronger than the relationship between personality factors and subjective well-being. Extraversion, neuroticism, and conscientiousness correlated similarly with both subjective and psychological well-being, suggesting that these traits represent personality predispositions for general well-being. However, the personality correlates of the dimensions within each broad well-being type varied, suggesting that the relationship between personality and well-being is best modeled in terms of associations between specific traits and well-being dimensions.
Youth Religiosity and Substance Use: A Meta-Analysis from 1995 to 2007
Authors: Yeung Jerf W. K. , Chan Yuk-Chung , Lee Boris L. K.
Published: September 2010

In this meta-analysis, the magnitude of the protective effects of religiosity on youth involvement in substance use was investigated. Based on 22 studies in peer-reviewed journals published between 1995 and 2007, the average weighted mean correlation was Zr = .16, significant regardless of the definitions of religiosity. The homogeneity test of variance showed consistent protective effects of religiosity on four types of substance use, namely, alcohol, cigarette, marijuana, and other illicit drugs.
Male Sexual Coercion: Analysis of a Few Associated Factors
Authors: Sierra Juan Carlos , Gutiérrez-Quintanilla Ricardo , Bermúdez María Paz , Buela-Casal Gualberto
Published: September 2010

The purpose of this study was to assess, in a sample of 700 university students ages 18 to 40 years in El Salvador, the importance of sociodemographic variables (age, having a partner, and frequency of religious practice), personality traits (anger, hostility, and aggressiveness), sexual attitudes, and male chauvinist attitudes (erotophilia, double standard, and rape supportive attitudes) in explaining male sexual coercion. All these variables were assessed. Once the effect of social desirability had been controlled, the analysis showed the importance of trait anger along with a favorable attitude toward the use of violence against women, double standard, and negative attitudes toward sexuality in explaining male sexual coercion. Religious involvement, however, may act as a protective factor against such violence. Multidimensional models are needed to explain sexual violence against women by men in heterosexual relationships.
Reliability and Factor Validity of a Farsi Version of the Positive and Negative Perfectionism Scale
Authors: Besharat Mohammad Ali
Published: September 2010

This study investigated reliability and factor validity of a Farsi version of the Positive and Negative Perfectionism Scale in 606 undergraduate students (257 men, 349 women) from the University of Tehran. All participants were asked to complete the scale, along with the General Health Questionnaire (Goldberg, 1972) and the Coopersmith Self-Esteem Inventory (Coopersmith, 1967). Findings indicated good internal consistency, test-retest reliability, and construct validity of the two-factor structure of the Farsi version of the Positive and Negative Perfectionism Scale. These factors were similar to the factors found in previous studies and were accordingly labeled Positive Perfectionism and Negative Perfectionism. The results provide evidence for applicability of the scale and its cross-cultural validity.
A New Dimension of Organizational Justice: Procedural Voice
Authors: Jepsen Denise , Rodwell John
Published: September 2010

Dimensionality of the Colquitt justice measures was investigated across a wide range of service occupations. Structural equation modeling of data from 410 survey respondents found support for the 4-factor model of justice (procedural, distributive, interpersonal, and informational), although significant improvement of model fit was obtained by including a new latent variable, “procedural voice,” which taps employees' desire to express their views and feelings and influence results. The model was confirmed in a second sample ( N = 505) in the same organization six months later.
Filipino Students' Reported Parental Socialization of Academic Achievement by Socioeconomic Group
Authors: Bernardo Allan B. I.
Published: September 2010

Academic achievement of students differs by socioeconomic group. Parents' socialization of academic achievement in their children was explored in self-reports of 241 students from two socioeconomic status (SES) groups in the Philippines, using a scale developed by Bempechat, et al. Students in the upper SES group had higher achievement than their peers in the middle SES group, but had lower scores on most dimensions of parental socialization of academic achievement. Regression analyses indicate that reported parental attempts to encourage more effort to achieve was associated with lower achievement in students with upper SES.
Psychometric Properties of the French Adaptation of the Multidimensional Body Self Relations Questionnaire–Appearance Scales
Authors: Untas Aurélie , Koleck Michèle , Rascle Nicole , Borteyrou Xavier
Published: September 2010

The present study investigated the psychometric properties of the French adaptation of the Multidimensional Body Self Relations Questionnaire–Appearance Scales, a widely used instrument in body image research. The questionnaire is composed of five subscales: Appearance Orientation, Appearance Evaluation, Overweight Preoccupation, Self-classified Weight, and the Body Areas Satisfaction Scale. Exploratory factor analyses were conducted on a sample of 765 subjects for the first two subscales. As expected, the analyses yielded two factors: Appearance Orientation and Appearance Evaluation. Internal consistencies ranged between .66 and .88 and test-retest reliabilities ranged between .78 and .85 for the five subscales. Appearance evaluation and the Body Areas Satisfaction Scale showed good convergent validity with the Body Image Questionnaire. Validity was supported by comparing scores for sex, for groups according to body mass index (underweight, normal weight, overweight, and obese), and by exploring the influence of social desirability.
Unsuccessful Reinforcement of a Discrete Action in Paramecia, P. Caudatum
Authors: Mingee Catherine M. , Armus Harvard L.
Published: September 2010

Previous research into the possibility of learning in paramecium in this laboratory has shown that these organisms can learn to remain in a specific location based on cathode shock reinforcement. The present experiment was designed to assess whether paramecium could learn a discrete action as opposed to remaining in a specific area, using cathode shock as a reinforcer. Results for a sample of 40 indicate that such learning did not take place. It is possible that the learning of discrete actions requires a nervous system.
Maternal Separation Anxiety in Hispanic and Euro-American Mothers
Authors: Williams Sue W. , Russell Elizabeth Morgan , Blunk Elizabeth M.
Published: September 2010

Maternal separation anxiety, that is, anxiety experienced by mothers when separated from their infants, was compared for 24 Hispanic and 41 Euro-American mothers. Compared to Euro-American mothers, Hispanic mothers reported more sadness and guilt when separated from their child. However, college education emerged as the sole significant predictor of maternal separation anxiety within the sample.
Convergent Validity of the MMPI–A and MACI Scales of Depression
Authors: Merydith Erin K. , Phelps Leadelle
Published: September 2010

The purpose of this study was to investigate the extent to which the depression scales of the Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory-Adolescents (MMPI–A) and the Millon Adolescent Clinical Inventory (MACI) show convergence with a sample of 252 adolescents from an inpatient psychiatric facility. Both inventories were administered as part of the intake process. Pearson correlations were computed among the (a) MMPI–A Scale 2 (Depression), (b) MMPI–A Depression Content Scale, (c) MACI Doleful Personality Scale, and (d) MACI Depressive Affect Scale. There was no significant difference between the mean scores. Evidence of convergent validity between the two tests was moderate.
Predictors of Computer Anxiety: A Factor Mixture Model Analysis
Authors: Marcoulides George A. , Marcoulides Laura D. , Cavus Hayati , Gunbatar Mustafa Serkan
Published: September 2010

A mixture modeling approach was used to assess the existence of latent classes in terms of the perceptions of individuals toward computer anxiety and subsequently predictors of the identified latent classes were examined. The perceptions of individuals were measured using the Computer Anxiety Scale. Mixture models are ideally suited to represent subpopulations or classes of respondents with common patterns of responses. Using data from a sample of Turkish college students, two classes of respondents were identified and designated as occasionally uncomfortable users and as anxious computerphobic users. Results indicated that the best predictors of the identified classes were variables dealing with past computer experiences.
Long-Term Costs of Inflated Self-Estimate on Academic Performance among Adolescent Students: A Case of Second-Language Achievements
Authors: Yang Mu-Li , Chuang Hsueh-Hua , Chiou Wen-Bin
Published: September 2010

Past studies suggest that the adaptive or maladaptive consequences of inflated self-estimate, one form of positive illusions, require further investigation. 308 freshmen at a junior college (164 women, 144 men; M age = 19.8 yr., SD = 1.1) participated in a longitudinal study during a 2-yr. period. There were three assessments of short- and long-term effects of overly positive self-estimates on second-language achievement. Students' overestimation of subsequent performance appears to be associated with lower achievement. Those students with apparently inflated self-estimates performed marginally better on the first assessment but worse in the second and final assessments. Students with more accurate self-estimates showed improvement on all assessments. The findings suggested that overinflated self-estimates, i.e., positive illusions, among adolescent students might lead to a lower achievement over the long term.
Creative Thinking and Big Five Factors of Personality Measured in Italian Schoolchildren
Authors: de Caroli Maria Elvira , Sagone Elisabetta
Published: September 2010

This study examined the relations of creative thinking with Big Five factors of personality and the differences by sex and age on creativity. A sample of Italian schoolchildren (56 boys, 56 girls), between 8 to 10 years of age, completed the Test of Creative Thinking and the Big Five Questionnaire for Children. Analysis of results indicated that older children obtained significantly higher scores than the younger ones on Elaboration and Production of titles. Girls obtained significantly higher scores than boys on Originality and Elaboration. The results suggested a modest and negative relation of Flexibility with Conscientiousness and Production of titles with Emotional instability. These findings support the need to explore the connection between creativity and personality with developmental age by means of multiple tasks for evaluating creative thinking.
Internal Consistency of the Human Behavior Rating Scale
Authors: Woods-Groves Suzanne , Eaves Ronald C. , Williams Thomas O.
Published: September 2010

The internal consistency of the Human Behavior Rating Scale (HBRS) was investigated. The 91-item Likert-type scale is designed to measure five dimensions: persistence, curiosity, externalizing affect, internalizing affect, and cognition. It is used as a research tool to investigate the tenets of Eaves' 1993 integrated theory of human behavior. Three separate sampling plans were employed. Teachers and nonteachers completed Human Behavior Rating Scale ratings of children ranging in age from 5 to 18 years old. Cronbach coefficients alpha were reported by sex, grade, or age for the three samples. Of the 185 reported alpha coefficients, 175 were at or above .90, while 10 had values between .80 and .89.
A Test of a Proposed Method for Estimating Validity of a Multivariate Composite Predictor: Extending the Job Component Validity Model
Authors: Hoffman Calvin C. , Morris David , Luck Gypsi
Published: September 2010

In this study, a proposed extension to the job component validity model from the Position Analysis Questionnaire was tested. Job component validity, a form of synthetic validation, allows researchers to select useful predictors and to estimate the criterion-related validity of tests based on conducting a job analysis which includes the Position Analysis Questionnaire. Morris and colleagues described a method for estimating the multiple correlation of a test battery assembled via job component validity estimates. In the current study, job component validity estimates, derived from the multiple correlation procedure proposed by Morris, et al., were compared to unit-weighted validity estimates obtained in a criterion-related validity study of six job progressions. The multivariate job component validity estimates were comparable to unit-weighted validity coefficients obtained using supervisory ratings as criteria. Multivariate job component validity estimates were conservative compared to corrected unit-weighted validity coefficients.
Protest Suicide among Korean Students and Laborers: A Study of Suicide Notes
Authors: Park B. C. Ben , Lester David
Published: September 2010

Suicide notes from two groups of protest suicides in South Korea during the period 1975–2003 were compared: suicide notes from students ( n = 16) and suicide notes from workers ( n = 15). The students appeared to be acting upon abstract ideals, including the oppression of the masses by the government and the American forces in Korea, and they typically urged the reunification of Korea. The workers were acting upon more local concerns, such as the oppression of their union by the government and the companies and the policies of their specific companies.
Convergent Validity of the Templer, Collett-Lester, and Arabic Death Anxiety Scales: Rejoinder
Authors: Abdel-Khalek Ahmed M.
Published: September 2010

The Templer Death Anxiety Scale, the Arabic Scale of Death Anxiety by Abdel-Khalek, and the Collett-Lester Fear of Death Scale were administered to a convenient sample of 81 male and female Kuwaiti undergraduates enrolled in social science courses ( M age = 22.0 yr., SD = 2.3). Pearson correlations between the total scores were significant and positive. Only one high-loaded factor was extracted and labeled General Death Anxiety, indicating good convergent and factorial validity of these scales.
Does Sex of Client Affect Counselors' Evaluation?
Authors: Lee Dong Y. , Park Mi J. , Park Sung H.
Published: September 2010

This study examined whether clients' positive or negative self-disclosure and sex affected counselors' evaluation of the clients. 80 counselors (30 certified, 45 master's and five doctoral trainees; six men and 74 women), after viewing a videotaped counseling interview in which the client self-disclosed either largely positive or negative contents responded to the Clinical Impression Scale which contained 8 clinical characteristics of clients (assertiveness, overall coping skills, anxiety, attitude toward counseling, motivation to change, self-esteem, insight, and depression). When the client self-disclosed largely negative content about self, counselors evaluated male client more negatively, i.e., less assertive, poor coping skills, higher anxiety, more negative attitude toward counseling, less eager to change, lower self-esteem, less insight, and higher depression) than female client. However, when the client self-disclosed largely positive content, there was no statistically significant sex difference between the two groups. The implications are discussed.
Death Anxiety, Death Depression, and Death Obsession: A General Factor of Death Distress is Evident: A Reply
Authors: Abdel-Khalek Ahmed M.
Published: September 2010

A sample of 75 (16 men, and 59 women) Kuwaiti college students responded to Templer's and Collett-Lester Death Anxiety Scales, Templer, et al.'s Death Depression Scale and Abdel-Khalek's Death Obsession Scale. A general high-loaded factor of death distress was extracted using the total scores. However, in using the Collett-Lester four subscales, the Fear of Death and Dying of Others loaded on a second factor.
Does Social Desirability Inflate the Correlation between Self-Esteem and Anxiety?
Authors: Riketta Michael
Published: September 2010

Although several authors concluded that self-esteem is negatively related to anxiety, it is an open question what role social desirability plays in this relation. In a sample of 61 German students, the correlation between self-esteem and anxiety was significantly reduced from – .59 to – .51 when social desirability was partialed out. Thus, social desirability does seem to inflate the correlation between self-esteem and anxiety when both constructs are measured with self-reports. Yet, this effect of social desirability appears so small that it is probably negligible for most research purposes.
Daily Class Objectives and Instructor's Effectiveness as Perceived by Students
Authors: Gump Steven E.
Published: September 2010

Course and instructor evaluations completed by students ( N = 255) enrolled in multiple discussion sections of one introductory-level college class, led by the same instructor over four consecutive semesters, indicated a positive correlation ( r = .34, p < .001) between awareness of daily class objectives and ratings of the instructor's overall teaching effectiveness. Students for whom the presentation of daily objectives was memorable or important were more likely to perceive the instructor's teaching as effective, at least as measured by students' standardized evaluations.
Relationships between Locus of Control and Paranormal Beliefs
Authors: Newby Robert W. , Davis Jessica Boyette
Published: September 2010

The present study investigated the associations between scores on paranormal beliefs, locus of control, and certain psychological processes such as affect and cognitions as measured by the Linguistic Inquiry and Word Count. Analysis yielded significant correlations between scores on Locus of Control and two subscales of Tobacyk's (1988) Revised Paranormal Beliefs Scale, New Age Philosophy and Traditional Paranormal Beliefs. A step-wise multiple regression analysis indicated that Locus of Control was significantly related to New Age Philosophy. Other correlations were found between Tobacyk's subscales, Locus of Control, and three processes measured by the Linguistic Inquiry and Word Count.
Postpartum Depression following Normal Vaginal Delivery among Nigerian Women
Authors: Fatoye Femi O. , Adeyemi Adebanjo B. , Oladimeji Benedicta Y.
Published: September 2010

The study investigated postpartum depression among Nigerian women by comparing 83 mothers who had normal vaginal deliveries with 83 matched controls. Analysis of scores on the Zung Self-rating Depression Scale indicated that the mothers and the controls were not significantly different on depression during the immediate postpartum period. There were significant relationships between postpartum depression and education after birth, not having male children at after 6 wk., primiparity after birth, and puerperal complications.
Quality Control Pharmacy Tasks: Big Five Personality Model and Accuracy of Error Detection
Authors: Schell Kraig L. , Reilley Sean P.
Published: September 2010

The relationships between extraversion, conscientiousness, neuroticism, and performance were examined in the context of an error detection task completed under stable and shifting workload conditions. 114 participants checked two sets of 40 fictitious prescriptions for errors. Errors were inserted at rates varying from 26% to 38%. Workload was manipulated by altering the amount of time allowed to complete each set. The stable workload group had 45 min. per set, the workload upshift group had 60 min. for the first set and 30 min. for the second set. Performance was measured using hit rates and false alarms. Analysis indicated that extraversion and conscientiousness were correlated with hit rates, but only in the stable workload condition. Results are discussed and research directions are considered.
Associations of Sex and Type of Relationship on Intimacy
Authors: Salas Donna , Ketzenberger Kay E.
Published: September 2010

Sex differences in self-perceived intimacy were investigated in both same-sex friendships and romantic relationships. Men and women had significantly different means on intimacy with their same-sex friends but reported similar means with romantic partners. Both men and women reported significantly higher mean scores on intimacy with romantic partners than with friends.
An Improved Method for Predicting Which Heavy Drinkers Become Intoxicated
Authors: Abel Ernest L. , Kruger Michael
Published: September 2010

Not all heavy drinkers become intoxicated. We sought to improve predictability of intoxication of heavy drinkers. Based on criteria for heavy drinking in the National Household Survey on Drug Abuse (NHSDA), we identified characteristics related to heavy drinking. We then created a dichotomous heavy drinker typology variable (yes/no) and determined how well we were able to identify drinkers who became intoxicated at least twice a month. Of those who fit this heavy drinking profile, 54% drank regularly to the point of intoxication, the same percent as those who become intoxicated in the self-reported heavy drinking group. However, 77% of those who fit both the profile and were self-described heavy drinkers, drank regularly to intoxication. We concluded that a demographic typology combined with self-reported drinking improves predictability of intoxication in heavy drinkers, and is a promising direction for research.
Sensation Seeking in a French Population of Pathological Gamblers: Comparison with Regular and Nongamblers
Authors: Bonnaire Céline , Lejoyeux Michel , Dardennes Roland
Published: September 2010

To test the hypothesis that pathological gamblers in the French general population who play games available in cafés score lower on sensation seeking than regular and nongamblers, the Zuckerman's Sensation Seeking Scale was administered to 57 diagnosed pathological gamblers, 40 regular gamblers, and a control group of 97 nongamblers. Whereas pathological gamblers did not obtain a significantly lower Sensation Seeking mean than the regular and nongamblers groups, analysis indicated that those pathological gamblers seek different and multiple forms of games to reduce boredom, but they do not necessarily seek excitement-generating activities. One possible interpretation is that the types of games investigated in this study are “passive” forms of games that required low involvement from the gamblers.
Comparing Alcoholic and Nonalcoholic Parents on the Family Unpredictability Scale
Authors: Ross Lisa Thomson , Hill Elizabeth M.
Published: September 2010

Research findings and clinical observations suggest that families with an alcoholic parent are more unpredictable. Alcoholic parents ( n = 25, 68% men, 68% Euro-American, M age = 38.6 yr.) and community parents ( n = 27, 52% men, 70% Euro-American, M age = 38.8 yr.) completed the self-report Family Unpredictability Scale of Ross and Hill. Alcoholic parents reported significantly higher (less predictability) scores on the subscales of Nurturance, Finances, and Discipline, as well as on the Total Family Unpredictability Scale ( ps < .01). This appears to be the first study on family unpredictability and parental alcoholism in which parental reports of multiple dimensions of unpredictability are used. We provide suggestions for research and clinical uses of the scale, especially pertaining to families with an alcoholic parent.
Reliability of a Brief Credit Card Attitude Scale
Authors: Spinella Marcello , Lester David , Yang Bijou
Published: September 2010

In a sample of 139 community residents, the three subscales from the brief Hayhoe, et al. credit card attitude scale were replicated in a factor analysis.
Relationship of Sports Experience and Ego Development of Adolescent Japanese Athletes
Authors: Takenouchi Takashi , Taguchi Tae , Okuda Aiko
Published: September 2010

This study examined the relationship of sports experience with ego development. A questionnaire was used to assess experience of Crisis, Exploration, and Commitment in the issues of Athletic Performance and of Being a Teammate in 782 adolescent Japanese athletes (423 boys, M age = 15.2 yr.; 359 girls, M age = 15.0 yr.). Their Ego Levels were assessed using the Washington University Sentence Completion Test. Correlations indicated that scores on Crisis, Exploration, and Commitment in the issues of Athletic Performance and Being a Teammate were generally associated with Ego Development. Multiple regression analyses indicated that, for boys, the issue of Athletic Performance was closely associated with Ego Development, while for girls, the issue of Being a Teammate was closely associated with Ego Development. Sports experience with crisis, exploration, and commitment may be related to accommodation, which is, in turn, related to ego development. The sex differences on issues related to ego development may be associated with differences in sex-role development for boys and girls.
Bryant's Empathy Index for Children and Adolescents: Psychometric Properties in the Spanish Language
Authors: Del Barrio Victoria , Aluja Anton , García Luis F.
Published: September 2010

The present study investigated the following issues: (1) the structure of Bryant's Empathy Index for children and adolescents in a Spanish sample of 408 boys and 424 girls ( M age = 14.4 yr.), and (2) sex differences, including effect sizes and internal consistency of the scale. A principal components factor analysis with oblimin rotation showed that 20 of the index's 22 items load on three robust factors, related to Feelings of Sadness, Understanding Feelings, and Tearful Reaction with regard to the emotions of others. The 3-factor structure obtained an adequate fit to the data in the confirmatory factor analysis. Coefficients alpha ranged between .72 and .78. The 3 factors accounted for 42% of variance. As expected, girls scored higher than boys. It was concluded that the Spanish version of Bryant's Empathy Index has an acceptable reliability and construct validity, making it useful for research.
Flashbulb Memories of Personal Events of 9/11 and the Day after for a Sample of New York City Residents
Authors: Paradis Cheryl M. , Florer Faith , Solomon Linda Zener , Thompson Theresa
Published: September 2010

The present study assessed consistency of recollections of personal circumstances of the 9/11 World Trade Center attack and events of the day before (9/10), and the day after (9/12), in a sample of 100 New York City college students. The day before 9/11 represented an ordinary event. A questionnaire was administered twice, 1 wk. and 1 yr. after the 9/11 attack. Students were asked to describe their personal circumstances when hearing about the news of the World Trade Center attack and for the same time of day for 9/10 and 9/12. 18 students returned the follow-up questionnaire. Consistency of initial and follow-up responses for the central categories for both 9/11 and 9/12 of where, who, and activity was very high (9/11: “Where”-100%, “Who”-100%, “What”-94%; 9/12: “Where”-100%, “Who”-100%, “What”-80%). Recollections of 9/10 were significantly less consistent (“Where”-79%, “Who”-71%, “What”-71%). Analysis indicated that students formed vivid, consistent recollections during the events of both 9/11 and 9/12. It is likely that the events of 9/12 also became flashbulb memories, vivid recollections of traumatic events, because the emotional impact of the stressful events, i.e., police and military presence, disrupted schedules, relating to the 9/11 attack endured beyond the day of the attack.
Self-Reported Emotional Intelligence, Burnout and Engagement among Staff in Services for People with Intellectual Disabilities
Authors: Durán Auxiliadora , Extremera Natalio , Rey Lourdes
Published: September 2010

This study examined the relationship among dimensions of self-reported Emotional Intelligence, Engagement and Burnout, using the Trait Meta-Mood Scale, Maslach Burnout Inventory and Utrecht Work Engagement Scale in a sample of Spanish professionals who work at institutions for people with intellectual disabilities. The results showed that Emotional Clarity was significantly associated with Personal Accomplishment ( r = .25) and Dedication ( r = .25). Further, Repair to moods was significantly correlated with all Engagement dimensions (.20 Vigor, .30 Dedication, .36 Absorption) and with Personal Accomplishment (.31). These findings extend previous research with college students in which Clarity and Repair to moods subscales were relevant predictors of well-being indexes and interpersonal functioning and suggest that the Trait Meta-Mood Scale subscales also show significant relationships with emotional functioning and work-related variables in a professional sample.
First Record: A Methodological Approach to Counter Sampling Bias
Authors: Johnson L. Clark , Beaton Randal , Murphy Shirley A.
Published: September 2010

One goal of survey research is to optimize sampling procedures so that the collected data will produce accurate population estimates. In this context, sampling bias is a primary threat to a study's validity. If individuals who do not respond are a random sample of the population, then the estimates obtained from such a subsample are unbiased. However, as the percentage of nonrespondents increases, the assumption of unbiased estimation becomes increasingly tenuous. At this point an investigator has two choices: delete all subjects who have not provided data as part of the first data collection, or allow a respondent's point of entry to define his baseline measures for the study. No previous discussion of the latter option has been noted in the methods literature. Therefore the authors have termed this approach to baseline the “first record”. Conditions under which the “first record” technique would be appropriate or inappropriate are discussed.
Adolescents' Use of Tobacco and Alcohol: Correlations with Habits of Parents and Friends
Authors: Björkqvist Kaj , Båtman Annica , Åman-Back Susanna
Published: September 2010

Correlations for use of tobacco and alcohol of a Finnish sample of 321 adolescents (164 boys, 157 girls; age range 12–16 years) and those of their mothers, fathers, and best friends showed adolescents' use of both tobacco and alcohol correlated more with use by their friends than with parental use. The r for tobacco smoking was higher with maternal than with paternal smoking.
Factors Contributing to the Utilization of Mental Health Services in a Rural Setting
Authors: Smith Lisa D. , Peck Patrick L. , McGovern Rene J.
Published: September 2010

The purpose of this study was to examine if age, attitudes toward help-seeking, education, and sex were related to previous or intended future mental health utilization in a rural population. Data were collected via a mail survey from 438 adults. Regression analyses suggested that positive attitudes toward help-seeking, being female, and being younger were significantly related to both previous and intended future mental health service utilization. In addition, prior mental health use was significantly related to whether one would seek out mental health services in the future. Implications for mental health practitioners in rural settings are addressed, and limitations of the study discussed.
Mathematics Self-Concept and Depression in a Sample of University Education Majors
Authors: Alkhateeb Haitham M.
Published: September 2010

Scores on scales of mathematics self-concept and depression correlated .14 for 103 education majors.
Levels of Emotional Awareness Scale among Iranian Gifted and Nongifted High School Students
Authors: Yousefi Farideh
Published: September 2010

The purpose of this study was to investigate emotional awareness among Iranian high school students and to examine possible sex differences in emotional awareness. The participants were 388 gifted and nongifted students. They completed the Levels of Emotional Awareness Scale–A. Analysis showed girls had significantly higher scores than boys in the total sample. The mean score on emotional awareness of gifted girls was significantly lower than that of nongifted girls. Potential implications of these findings are offered.