bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Review: Advances in the methodology and application of tracing in karst aquifers
Authors: Benischke Ralf
Published: January 2021

Tracer methods have been widely used in many fields of environmental and natural sciences, and also in human health sciences. In particular, tracers are used in the study of karst hydrogeology, typically focusing on phenomena such as sinkholes, sinking rivers and large karst springs. It is known that tracers have been used since antiquity. The aim of tracer tests has been to investigate underground flow paths, transport processes and water–rock interactions, and to get an insight into the functioning of a karst aquifer. In karst hydrogeology, tracer methods are the most important investigation tools beside conventional hydrological methods. In early times, tracer methods were applied only to investigate underground flow-paths. Later they were also used to elucidate transport processes associated with water flow, and today they are often the basis, together with detailed hydrological information, of groundwater protection investigations and aquifer modelling. Many substances (spores, microspheres, bacteriophages, salt tracers, fluorescent dyes, radioactive substances) have been investigated for their properties and potential usage in environmental investigations, in particular the often unknown and inaccessible underground systems of karst areas. A great number of analytical techniques is available. This includes instrumentation for laboratory applications and direct online, on-site or in-situ field measurements. Modern instruments have a high capability for data acquisition, storage and transmission in short intervals, as a basis for quantitative evaluation and modelling. This enables research on the hydrological and hydrochemical dynamics of aquifers and their response to different natural or anthropogenic impacts.
Outcome prediction in aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage: a comparison of machine learning methods and established clinico-radiological scores
Authors: Dengler Nora Franziska , Madai Vince Istvan , Unteroberdörster Meike , Zihni Esra , Brune Sophie Charlotte , Hilbert Adam , Livne Michelle , Wolf Stefan , Vajkoczy Peter , Frey Dietmar
Published: January 2021

Reliable prediction of outcomes of aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage (aSAH) based on factors available at patient admission may support responsible allocation of resources as well as treatment decisions. Radiographic and clinical scoring systems may help clinicians estimate disease severity, but their predictive value is limited, especially in devising treatment strategies. In this study, we aimed to examine whether a machine learning (ML) approach using variables available on admission may improve outcome prediction in aSAH compared to established scoring systems. Combined clinical and radiographic features as well as standard scores (Hunt & Hess, WFNS, BNI, Fisher, and VASOGRADE) available on patient admission were analyzed using a consecutive single-center database of patients that presented with aSAH (n = 388). Different ML models (seven algorithms including three types of traditional generalized linear models, as well as a tree bosting algorithm, a support vector machine classifier (SVMC), a Naive Bayes (NB) classifier, and a multilayer perceptron (MLP) artificial neural net) were trained for single features, scores, and combined features with a random split into training and test sets (4:1 ratio), ten-fold cross-validation, and 50 shuffles. For combined features, feature importance was calculated. There was no difference in performance between traditional and other ML applications using traditional clinico-radiographic features. Also, no relevant difference was identified between a combined set of clinico-radiological features available on admission (highest AUC 0.78, tree boosting) and the best performing clinical score GCS (highest AUC 0.76, tree boosting). GCS and age were the most important variables for the feature combination. In this cohort of patients with aSAH, the performance of functional outcome prediction by machine learning techniques was comparable to traditional methods and established clinical scores. Future work is necessary to examine input variables other than traditional clinico-radiographic features and to evaluate whether a higher performance for outcome prediction in aSAH can be achieved.
Preservation of kidney function irrelevant of total kidney volume growth rate with tolvaptan treatment in patients with autosomal dominant polycystic kidney disease
Authors: Horie Shigeo , Muto Satoru , Kawano Haruna , Okada Tadashi , Shibasaki Yoshiyuki , Nakajima Koji , Ibuki Tatsuki
Published: January 2021

Background

Tolvaptan slowed the rates of total kidney volume (TKV) growth and renal function decline over a 3-year period in patients with autosomal dominant polycystic kidney disease (ADPKD) enrolled in the Tolvaptan Efficacy and Safety in Management of Autosomal Dominant Polycystic Kidney Disease and Its Outcomes (TEMPO) 3:4 trial (NCT00428948). In this post hoc analysis of Japanese patients from TEMPO 3:4, we evaluated whether the effects of tolvaptan on TKV and on renal function are interrelated.

Methods

One hundred and forty-seven Japanese patients from TEMPO 3:4 were included in this analysis (placebo, n = 55; tolvaptan, n = 92). Tolvaptan-treated patients were stratified into the responder group (n = 37), defined as tolvaptan-treated patients with a net decrease in TKV from baseline to year 3, and the non-responder group (n = 55), defined as tolvaptan-treated patients with a net increase in TKV.

Results

Mean changes during follow-up in the placebo, responder, and non-responder groups were 16.99%, − 8.33%, and 13.95%, respectively, for TKV and − 12.61, − 8.47, and − 8.58 mL/min/1.73 m2, respectively, for estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR). Compared with the placebo group, eGFR decline was significantly slowed in both the responder and non-responder groups (P < 0.05).

Conclusion

Tolvaptan was effective in slowing eGFR decline, regardless of TKV response, over 3 years in patients with ADPKD in Japan. Treatment with tolvaptan may have beneficial effects on slowing of renal function decline even in patients who have not experienced a reduction in the rate of TKV growth by treatment with tolvaptan.
Pegasus: sound continuous invariant generation
Authors: Sogokon Andrew , Mitsch Stefan , Tan Yong Kiam , Cordwell Katherine , Platzer André
Published: January 2021

Continuous invariants are an important component in deductive verification of hybrid and continuous systems. Just like discrete invariants are used to reason about correctness in discrete systems without having to unroll their loops, continuous invariants are used to reason about differential equations without having to solve them. Automatic generation of continuous invariants remains one of the biggest practical challenges to the automation of formal proofs of safety for hybrid systems. There are at present many disparate methods available for generating continuous invariants; however, this wealth of diverse techniques presents a number of challenges, with different methods having different strengths and weaknesses. To address some of these challenges, we develop Pegasus: an automatic continuous invariant generator which allows for combinations of various methods, and integrate it with the KeYmaera X theorem prover for hybrid systems. We describe some of the architectural aspects of this integration, comment on its methods and challenges, and present an experimental evaluation on a suite of benchmarks.
An alginate–PHMB–AgNPs based wound dressing polyamide nanocomposite with improved antibacterial and hemostatic properties
Authors: Asadi Laleh , Mokhtari Javad , Abbasi Marjan
Published: January 2021

Wound dressing should be impenetrable against microorganisms and it should keep the wound wet. Gauze and polyamide (PA) substrate were treated with various concentrations of AgNPs (25, 50, 75, and 100 ppm), PHMB (0.2, 0.4, 0.6, 0.8, and 1% w/v), and constant concentration of alginate (0.5% W/V) using a simple dipping method. Prepared samples were characterized by various techniques including Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy and scanning electron microscopy. The results indicated that the particles were successfully applied onto both substrates with an average diameter of particle size of 78 nm on gauze and 172 nm on the PA substrate surface (based on 50 nanoparticles). Antibacterial activity of the prepared nanocomposite against Staphylococcus aureus (gram-positive) bacteria on PA substrate and gauze were evaluated using the disc diffusion method. The results indicated that the prepared nanocomposites offer favorable antibacterial properties and bacteria would not grow in culture media. The water uptake capacity test of the treated samples was assessed and the data demonstrated that the water absorption rate significantly increases on both treated substrates (gauze and PA substrate) due to the presence of alginate polymer. Also, observing the results of the coagulation test showed that treated samples caused blood clots on the dressing. This is due to the presence of alginate polymer. The present work demonstrates that the prepared samples offer excellent antibacterial properties and good water uptake capacity that capable of being a potential candidate for wound dressings. Due to the results, the produced PA substrate could be an appropriate replacement for the cotton gauze as a wound dressing.
Trends in coverage of hygiene and disease prevention topics across national curriculum frameworks for primary science, physical education, and health
Authors: Morrish Daniel , Neesam Marc
Published: January 2021

The response to the Covid-19 pandemic raises a question about the role of national curriculum frameworks in acquiring and applying knowledge about hygiene and prevention of disease. For curriculum designers, this means determining what children of different ages should learn about these topics and how they should develop and apply this knowledge. Curriculum designers must do so amid trends towards reducing curriculum content and transitioning to competency-based curricula with transversal elements. Arguments can be made for placing health literacy competences, knowledge, and skills across the intended curriculum for science, physical education, and health. These are different disciplines with different models of knowledge, learning, and progression. This exploratory study looks at the placement of public health-related content in a selection of recently reformed, competency-based national curriculum frameworks from Europe, Africa, the Middle East, and Australasia. From these examples, it highlights risks and opportunities for incorporating public health messages into the intended curriculum.
Biogas potential of organic waste onboard cruise ships — a yet untapped energy source
Authors: Schumüller Kai , Weichgrebe Dirk , Köster Stephan
Published: January 2021

To tap the organic waste generated onboard cruise ships is a very promising approach to reduce their adverse impact on the maritime environment. Biogas produced by means of onboard anaerobic digestion offers a complementary energy source for ships’ operation. This report comprises a detailed presentation of the results gained from comprehensive investigations on the gas yield from onboard substrates such as food waste, sewage sludge and screening solids. Each person onboard generates a total average of about 9 kg of organic waste per day. The performed analyses of substrates and anaerobic digestion tests revealed an accumulated methane yield of around 159 L per person per day. The anaerobic co-digestion of sewage sludge and food waste (50:50 VS) emerged as particularly effective and led to an increased biogas yield by 24%, compared to the mono-fermentation. In the best case, onboard biogas production can provide an energetic output of 82 W/P, on average covering 3.3 to 4.1% of the total energy demand of a cruise ship.
Clinical Profile of Women with Congenital Fetal Malformations: A Retrospective Cohort Study
Authors: Garg Sonal , Dasari Papa , Ali Ashraf M.
Published: January 2021

Background Though this is an era of imaging, many women with fetal congenital malformations are presenting beyond 20 weeks of pregnancy posing problems in decision making. This study was undertaken to determine the prevalence of congenital fetal malformations presenting to tertiary health care and to analyse the gestational age at presentation and spectrum of malformations and the clinical and socio-demographic factors.

Material and Methods This was a retrospective analysis of hospitalised women with diagnosis of congenital fetal malformations (CFM) from January 2017 to December 2017. The data was retrieved from Medical Records Section after due permissions and analysed with respect to socio-demographic status, age, consanguinity, type of congenital anomaly and gestational age at presentation.

Results The prevalence of CFM was 1.56%. The majority (64%) of CFM were detected during the second trimester and 27% were detected in the 3rd trimester. The most common anomalies were CNS followed by multiple anomalies and 72% and 65% of them were live born respectively. The majority (90%) belonged to lower middle socioeconomic group and were from rural background (82%). The majority of women were less than 30 years of age (77.6%) and 38% were primigravidae. Consanguinity was present in 34%, medical disorders were associated in 29% and 3% had family history of congenital fetal anomalies.

Conclusion The most common anomalies were CNS and majority were primigravidae. The most common medical disorder associated was diabetes. It is possible that they are deficient in folic acid and vitamin B12. Hence pre-conceptional control of medical disorders, nutritional counselling regarding intake of micronutrients and awareness programmes to take pre-conceptional folic acid and vitamin B12 are the need of the hour for prevention.
Use of the SWAT model for estimating reservoir volume in the Upper Navet watershed in Trinidad
Authors: Beharry Sharlene L. , Gabriels Donald , Lobo Deyanira , Ramsewak Deanesh , Clarke Ricardo M.
Published: January 2021

In tropical small islands the application of hydrological modelling is challenged by the scarcity of input data. Using in-situ and statistically estimated data, a hydrological model was calibrated and validated for the Upper Navet watershed in Trinidad, a small Caribbean island. The model was built using the soil water assessment tool (SWAT). The sensitivity analysis, calibration and validation were performed in SWAT calibration and uncertainty program (SWAT-CUP) using sequential uncertainty fitting (SUFI-2). The results revealed that for the estimated volume of water flowing into the reservoir (Flow_In) there were six sensitive parameters. To estimate the reservoir volume (Res_Vol), a modification of only the effective hydraulic conductivity was required. The model’s performance for the Flow_In validation showed acceptable values (R2 = 0.91 and NSE = 0.81). The uncertainty analysis indicated lower than recommended values for both theR-factor (0.46) andP-factor (0.31). For Res_Vol, the model’s validation performance indicated acceptable values (R2 = 0.72 and NSE = 0.70) and theP- andR-factors were 0.80 and 0.64, respectively. Based on the statistical metrics, the uncertainty for the Res_Vol was regarded as reasonable. However, care must be taken with the model’s use in the dry season, as the simulated Flow_In was generally over-predicted. A second validation of the model was performed for the reservoir under different negative (removal) and positive (addition) water amounts which confirmed the model’s ability to estimate the Res_Vol. The hydrological model established can therefore serve as a useful tool for water managers for the estimation of the Res_Vol at the Navet reservoir.
Resilience and Sexuality After Concussion in Women
Authors: Anto-Ocrah Martina , Oktapodas Feiler Marina , Pukall Caroline , Pacos-Martinez Amy
Published: January 2021

Background

Previous findings from our group show that in the acute (ie, 6–10 weeks) post-injury period, women with concussions have a 70% greater risk of sexual dysfunction than those with extremity injuries. There are currently limited treatment options for the clinical management of concussions. Resilience is a protective, modifiable psychological construct that has been shown to improve concussion-related sequelae. To date, however, no research has evaluated how resilience impacts sexuality outcomes after concussion in women.

Aim

Evaluate if resilience offers protection against negative sexuality outcomes in a cohort of reproductive, aged women with a concussion, seeking care in the Emergency Department of a Level-1 Trauma Center. We hypothesized that women with low resilience will be more likely to experience negative impacts on sexuality and that increasing levels of resilience will be associated with more positive sexuality outcomes.

Methods

Secondary data analyses.

Measures

Resilience was evaluated with the Resilience Scale (RS), and the Brain Injury Questionnaire for Sexuality (BIQS) was used for sexuality.

Results

Of the 299 participants recruited for the parent study, 80 with concussion had complete follow-up data and were included in these secondary analyses. Less than half (42.5%; n = 34) had low resilience (score≤130 on the RS), and the remaining 46 (57.5%) had high resilience (score>130 on the RS). In crude linear regression models, 1-unit increase in resilience was associated with a 4% increase in sexuality outcomes (β = 0.04, 95% CI:0.01, 0.05; P = .008). The effect estimate remained similar in post-concussion-symptom-adjusted models (β = 0.03, 95% CI:0.002, 0.06; P = .03). Mood-adjusted models showed a statistically significant interaction term (P < .0001). After stratifying by mood, findings showed that unit increases in resilience were associated with a 6% increase in sexuality outcomes for women in the high risk mood group (HADS score ≥11; PCS-adjusted β = 0.06, 95% CI:0.02, 0.11; P = .009).

Conclusion

Longitudinal studies are needed to evaluate how these improvements in resilience translate to patient recovery measures following concussion.
Ken Brookes: In memoriam
Authors: Nickels Liz
Published: January 2021

Liz Nickels looks back at the life of Metal Powder Report’s most memorable contributors.
Hermes in the Academy
Authors: Hanegraaff Wouter , Pijnenburg Joyce
Published: January 2021

Between 1999 and 2009, the chair for History of Hermetic Philosophy and Related Currents at the University of Amsterdam succeeded in establishing itself as the most important centre for study and teaching in this domain, and strongly contributed to the establishment of Western esotericism as a recognised academic field of research. This volume was published at the occasion of the 10th anniversary. It contains a history of the creation and development of the chair, followed by articles on aspects of Western esotericism by the previous and current staff members, contributions by students and Ph.D. students about the study program, and reflections by international top specialists about the field of research and its academic development.
Odd Couples
Authors: Rydström Jens
Published: January 2021

The concept of marriage as a union of a man and a woman was fundamentally challenged by the introduction of registered partnership in Denmark in 1989. Odd Couples is the first comprehensive history of registered partnership and gay marriage in Scandinavia. It traces the origins of laws which initially were extremely controversial-inside and outside the gay community-but have now gained broad popular and political support, as well as the positive effects and risks involved in state recognition of lesbian and gay couples. Through a comparison of how these laws have been received and practiced in all of the Scandinavian countries, including Greenland and the Faroe Islands, the author presents a nuanced study of a fascinating political process that began in the 1960s and continues to change the way we understand family, sexuality and nation.
Mobile Screens
Authors: Verhoeff Nanna
Published: January 2021

Our interactions with screens have changed profoundly over the past several decades – from the development of mobile devices to the continued importance of digital technology, the intersection of mobility and visuality is a fascinating and timely subject for study. Looking at the cultural practices that ground our relationship with screens, Nanna Verhoeff offers a historical and comparative approach to screen-based media and digital culture. This smart, sharp addition to the field of media studies focuses on the innovation and transformation of mobile, urban, and location-based screens.

An important work for scholars who study technology, geography, and art, Mobile Screens offers a powerful look at the emergent visual culture of navigation and the way in which we engage with screens as part of our spatial, temporal, and tangible experiences of the world.
A New Wave of Social Democracy? Policy Change across the Social Democratic Party Family, 1970s–2010s
Authors: Manwaring Rob , Holloway Josh
Published: January 2021

Social democracy is in a state of change and flux, and the electoral fortunes of many centre-left political parties are poor. This article offers an analysis of the current trajectory of the centre left, by detailing a systematic mapping of policy change across the family of social democratic political parties. Many of the parties, especially in the 1990s, took a ‘third way’ turn, or a shift to what has been called the ‘new social democracy’. Yet, the ‘third way’ label is a poor descriptor to capture the changing policy profile and dynamics of the family of mainstream centre-left political parties. In Adam Przeworski's view, there have been four main waves of social democracy. We employ the ‘wave’ frame to examine if there is an emergent, fifth, breaking wave of social democracy. Overall, we find that social democratic parties have moved beyond the ‘third way’; they are shifting leftwards, but they are a new kind of ‘left’ from that of previous decades.
COPRIME COMMUTATORS IN THE SUZUKI GROUPS
Authors: ZINI GIOVANNI
Published: January 2021

In this note we show that every element of a simple Suzuki group

$^2B_2(q)$
is a commutator of elements of coprime orders.
The link between serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D, inflammation and glucose/insulin homoeostasis is mediated by adiposity factors in American adults
Authors: Mazidi Mohsen , Siervo Mario
Published: January 2021

We used an established mediation analysis to investigate the role of adiposity in the relation between serum 25(OH)D with markers of inflammation and glucose and insulin metabolism. We used data from National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (2005–2010), to evaluate the associations between serum 25(OH)D and markers of insulin resistance (IR) or inflammation, and whether these associations are mediated by adiposity factors. Analysis of co-variance and conceptual causal mediation analysis were conducted taking into consideration the survey design and sample weights. BMI was found to have significant mediation effects (to varied extent) on the associations between serum 25(OH)D and CRP, apo-B, fasting glucose, insulin, HOMA-IR, HOMA-B and HbA1c (all P < 0·05). Both WC and apVAT were also found to partly mediate the associations between serum 25 25(OH)D with CRP, FBG, HbA1c, TAG and HDL-cholesterol (all P < 0·05). These findings support the importance of optimising 25(OH)D status in conditions with abnormal adiposity (i.e. obesity) and treatments for the prevention of cardiometabolic diseases affecting adipose tissue metabolism (i.e. weight loss).
Civic Education in High School and Voter Turnout in Adulthood
Authors: Weinschenk Aaron C. , Dawes Christopher T.
Published: January 2021

This article examines the effect of high school civic education on voter turnout in adulthood by integrating extensive academic transcript data on social studies and civic coursework into a large-scale, longitudinal survey of a nationally representative sample of adolescents. In an initial series of regression models, civics courses appear to have an effect on turnout in adulthood. However, after accounting for individual and family attributes, civic education has a fairly limited effect on turnout, though several measures have statistically significant effects even in the presence of controls. Interestingly, the study finds no support for the idea that high school courses that focus on service learning, civic skills development or political issues increase turnout in adulthood, which is contrary to expectations from the resource model of participation. After subjecting the civic effects that persist after accounting for controls to additional scrutiny by using family fixed-effects models that account for all observed and unobserved influences shared by siblings in the same family (for example, socialization, predispositions, etc.), the evidence suggests that there is a null relationship between civic education and turnout; the best-case scenario is that any civic education effects that do exist are likely very small. The idea that additional civics training will help to substantially elevate voter turnout appears to be overly optimistic.
The Ottoman Chancery's Role in Diplomacy with Iran
Authors: Güngörürler Selim
Published: January 2021

This study first considers how master secretaries of the Ottoman Imperial Council went beyond their field of scribal business and began to have a share in carrying out the empire's foreign policy by putting it into words. Next, it deals with the specific genre of documents that took shape step by step as one chancery office worked up an incoming writ and forwarded it to another bureau. It thereby shows how we can indeed unearth new knowledge on political history by looking into these outputs of the chancery's practice of writing and keeping financial transactions between dignitaries, superintendents, petitioners, and departments. The study then tackles in what ways one can link these trends to the early modern growth of the chancery and the branching out in government, and how the state's lordship rights and making, as well as keeping, logs were understood in those times. A document belonging to the handled genre is reproduced, transcribed, and translated at the end.
A Physician’s View
Authors: Sagall Elliot L.
Published: January 2021

Nursing has come a long way. Today's professional nurse is intimately involved in virtually all areas of our expanding health care system — in the community, in industry, in clinics, in education, in hospitals, and in government. The practice of nursing today frequently entails making and participating in important and critical decisions, as well as performing a wide variety of modern clinical functions. All of this requires a sound base of sophisticated medical knowledge and a high degree of technical skill. This is a major change from the nurse of the past, who practiced primarily within the hospital setting, doing what she was told, providing bedside "service" to patients, and rarely, if ever, asking questions or making decisions.
Nurses and the Death Penalty
Authors: Annas George J.
Published: January 2021

Proponents of the death penalty have shifted gears. In the past, gruesome public executions were extolled as a deterrent to others, and even in modern times death has been inflicted on convicted criminals by hanging, firing squads, electrocution and poisonous gas. All of these methods cause significant pain to the victim, and all have the potential for failure and added suffering — both physical and mental. Many have argued that all of these methods of execution are potentially or actually “cruel and unusual” means of punishment, and recent United States Supreme Court decisions have suggested that they could be declared unconstitutional on this basis.
Legal Control of Drugs and Generic Drugs
Authors: Annas George J. , Glantz Leonard H. , Katz Barbara
Published: January 2021

The regulation of the use and distribution of drugs in the United States is governed by a complex set of state and federal laws and regulations. These laws and regulations are designed to accomplish a variety of purposes. First, the federal government hopes to exclude from interstate commerce drugs that are not both “safe and effective.” This function is performed by the United States Food and Drug Administration, exercising its authority under the Food Drug and Cosmetic Act and involves, for the most part, regulating the manufacturers of drugs. Second, both state and federal laws and regulations exist to keep “controlled substances” out of the hands of individuals who would use (or abuse) such substances for recreational as opposed to therapeutic purposes. The regulation of the use of such substances is primarily accomplished by the federal Controlled Substances Act (CSA) and similar laws that exist at the state level. Third, some drugs, because of their toxicity or habit-forming qualities, are prohibited from public consumption without the guidance of a health care professional. Unlike over-the-counter drugs which may be purchased by anyone, these drugs may only be purchased by a consumer who presents a valid prescription to a pharmacist.
Employer Retaliation: The Myth and the Reality
Authors: Greenlaw Jane
Published: January 2021

It is easier to identify an ethical dilemma than to solve it; this is the nature of the beast. In the process of deciding what to do, nurses are often pulled by conflicting demands from employers, patients, physicians, and other nurses: the feeling is that no resolution can be found which will satisfy everyone. A most difficult situation arises when the nurse feels an obligation to act in the best interests of patient care, but knows that to do so may be detrimental to her employer. When this happens, the nurse may fear that action to protect the patient will result in her being fired or some other form of retaliation by the employer. This fear is not entirely unfounded — employers do sometimes fire nurses who speak out against institutional policies. But a recent federal court case demonstrates that a hospital cannot summarily fire a nurse who acts responsibly in seeking to bring about institutional change.
Dealing with Controversy, Part II: Guiding Nursing Students into Troubled Waters
Authors: Greenlaw Jane
Published: January 2021

Nursing must develop techniques for handling controversy. As nursing becomes a more visible and diverse part of the health care system, it must increasingly respond to commentary and criticism — from other providers, from consumers, and from within. Nursing can respond productively to this review, thereby enhancing professional growth and contributing to a positive professional image.

An examination of nursing attitudes toward controversy should focus on the preparation — both formal and informal — provided for student nurses in this area. The ability to deal productively with controversy depends upon skills and attitudes; nursing programs must emphasize both of these to truly prepare students who will represent nursing favorably. I have identified four major areas in which nursing can strive to achieve this goal.
The Nurse as Expert Witness
Authors: Northrop Cynthia , Mech Ann
Published: January 2021

Traditionally the great majority of health care related malpractice suits have involved physicians and hospitals. Increasingly, however, greater attention is being given to nurses as potential defendants and thus as sources for recovery in malpractice suits. As a result, more recognition is emerging for nursing as a profession accountable for its practice. This article will examine the concept of accountability by:

1.

reviewing selected legal principles of malpractice;

2.

discussing the trend toward increased inclusion of nurses in malpractice actions and the implications of this trend; and

3.

describing an Expert Nurse Witness and Consultation Service which was developed to provide nursing opinion on the professionally accepted standard of nursing practice.
Now It's the Nurse Who Needs Emergency Care
Authors: Wilson David B.
Published: January 2021

She is an attractive woman around 30 with two sons, the same husband she started out with, their mortgage (not the same one they started out with), and a license to practice nursing in Massachusetts.

And her story, anonymous but otherwise undisguised, will tell you more about the nursing shortage, the women's movement, the Medicaid crisis, the conservative revival and social change in America than any compilation of research, analysis, punditry and feminist literature. She is angry and the only reason she is going to take it any more is that she has not discovered a decent alternative.

She works odd, inflexible hours, some nights and Sundays, in the emergency room of a community hospital outside Boston. It is the kind of place to which your kindly old family doctor, interrupting a weekend frolic with the new cookie, refers his less affluent patients.
Full rainbow matchings in graphs and hypergraphs
Authors: Gao Pu , Ramadurai Reshma , Wanless Ian M. , Wormald Nick
Published: January 2021

Let G be a simple graph that is properly edge-coloured with m colours and let \[\mathcal{M} = \{ {M_1},...,{M_m}\} \] be the set of m matchings induced by the colours in G. Suppose that \[m \leqslant n - {n^c}\], where \[c > 9/10\], and every matching in \[\mathcal{M}\] has size n. Then G contains a full rainbow matching, i.e. a matching that contains exactly one edge from Mi for each \[1 \leqslant i \leqslant m\]. This answers an open problem of Pokrovskiy and gives an affirmative answer to a generalization of a special case of a conjecture of Aharoni and Berger. Related results are also found for multigraphs with edges of bounded multiplicity, and for hypergraphs.

Finally, we provide counterexamples to several conjectures on full rainbow matchings made by Aharoni and Berger.
Fertilization and development of oocytes with separated and conjoined zona pellucida recovered from polyovular follicles: description of two cases and a literature review
Authors: Coban Onder , Serdarogullari Munevver , Pervaiz Ruqiya , Soykok Afet , Bankeroglu Hasan
Published: January 2021

Recovery of more than one oocyte from a single follicle during laparoscopic egg collection has been reported sporadically and accepted as confirmation of the presence of polyovular or binovular follicles in the human ovary at reproductive age. Most of these reports include conjoined oocytes that share common or fused zona pellucida, and are generally accepted as evidence for true polyovularity due to its certain characteristics. In this study, we report one case of a conjoined oocyte and another case of the recovery of two separate oocytes in a cumulus cell complex and details of their early embryonic development. To our knowledge, this report of the recovery of two separate oocytes without zonal contact is the first in the literature. We reviewed the relevant literature to evaluate information regarding the origin, incidence and significance of polyovularity in reproductive health.
EQUIVALENCE OF ELLIPTICITY AND THE FREDHOLM PROPERTY IN THE WEYL-HÖRMANDER CALCULUS
Authors: Pilipović Stevan , Prangoski Bojan
Published: January 2021

The main result is that the ellipticity and the Fredholm property of a

$\Psi $
DO acting on Sobolev spaces in the Weyl-Hörmander calculus are equivalent when the Hörmander metric is geodesically temperate and its associated Planck function vanishes at infinity. The proof is essentially related to the following result that we prove for geodesically temperate Hörmander metrics: If

$\lambda \mapsto a_{\lambda }\in S(1,g)$
is a

$\mathcal {C}^N$
,

$0\leq N\leq \infty $
, map such that each

$a_{\lambda }^w$
is invertible on

$L^2$
, then the mapping

$\lambda \mapsto b_{\lambda }\in S(1,g)$
, where

$b_{\lambda }^w$
is the inverse of

$a_{\lambda }^w$
, is again of class

$\mathcal {C}^N$
. Additionally, assuming also the strong uncertainty principle for the metric, we obtain a Fedosov-Hörmander formula for the index of an elliptic operator. At the very end, we give an example to illustrate our main result.
Unraveling the “smart but evil” stereotype: Pre-service teachers' evaluations of educational psychology researchers versus teachers as sources of information
Authors: Hendriks Friederike , Seifried Eva , Menz Cordelia
Published: January 2021

Abstract. To guide their professional practice, (pre-service) teachers consider information from a variety of sources. One prerequisite for source preference is the extent to which a source is considered as expert, integer, and benevolent (i.e., its ascribed epistemic trustworthiness). Recent research indicates that pre-service teachers ascribe more expertise but less integrity and benevolence to educational researchers than to practitioners ( Merk & Rosman, 2019 ). However, whether this so-called “smart but evil” stereotype holds true for different epistemic aims is still unknown. In a study with N = 389 pre-service teachers, we analyzed (a) which overarching epistemic aims (i.e., to understand educational research vs. to gather practical knowledge) pre-service teachers have when entering university courses in educational psychology, (b) whether they ascribe higher expertise but lower integrity and benevolence to educational psychology researchers as compared to teachers (i.e., the “smart but evil” stereotype), but also (c) whether these trustworthiness ratings differ for different epistemic aims, and (d) whether pre-service teachers' ascriptions of epistemic trustworthiness to researchers are associated with their perceived usefulness of educational research for teaching practice. We used a within-subject design, asking participants to rate the epistemic trustworthiness of educational psychology researchers versus teachers for two epistemic aims (explanations vs. practical advice). In short, the results only partially support a “smart but evil” interpretation; they show that trustworthiness ratings are in fact adapted to epistemic aims. Hence, our results show that different epistemic aims influence how the trustworthiness of an information source is evaluated.
Playing With Networks
Authors: Ammannato Giulio , Chiesi Francesca
Published: January 2021

Abstract. Video gaming behavior may offer information about the players and the widespread diffusion of this form of entertainment produces a staggering amount of data about gaming behaviors. The aim of the current study was to investigate the possibility to use the information about the way the player acts and reacts in a competitive video game to assess personality traits inside the HEXACO space. Deep learning was used to train deep neural networks that classified a sample of players ( N = 41) with different personality traits by how they play in a Massive Online Battle Arena (MOBA) video game. Results suggested that the likelihood of correctly identifying the player’s trait level was above chance for five out of the six personality dimensions, but there is a medium to high margin of error in the classification. These findings provide interesting suggestions to set the premises for future studies to test the feasibility of this alternative assessment tool.
Bottom Up Construction of a Personality Taxonomy
Authors: Condon David M. , Wood Dustin , Mõttus René , Booth Tom , Costantini Giulio , Greiff Samuel , Johnson Wendy , Lukaszewski Aaron , Murray Aja , Revelle William , Wright Aidan G. C. , Ziegler Matthias , Zimmermann Johannes
Published: January 2021

Abstract. In pursuit of a more systematic and comprehensive framework for personality assessment, we introduce procedures for assessing personality traits at the lowest level: nuances. We argue that constructing a personality taxonomy from the bottom up addresses some of the limitations of extant top-down assessment frameworks (e.g., the Big Five), including the opportunity to resolve confusion about the breadth and scope of traits at different levels of the organization, evaluate unique and reliable trait variance at the item level, and clarify jingle/jangle issues in personality assessment. With a focus on applications in survey methodology and transparent documentation, our procedures contain six steps: (1) identification of a highly inclusive pool of candidate items, (2) programmatic evaluation and documentation of item characteristics, (3) test-retest analyses of items with adequate qualitative and quantitative properties, (4) analysis of cross-ratings from multiple raters for items with adequate retest reliability, (5) aggregation of ratings across diverse samples to evaluate generalizability across populations, (6) evaluations of predictive utility in various contexts. We hope these recommendations are the first step in a collaborative effort to identify a comprehensive pool of personality nuances at the lowest level, enabling subsequent construction of a robust hierarchy – from the bottom up.
Simulation Inference of Plasma Parameters From Langmuir Probe Measurements
Authors: Resendiz Lira Pedro Alberto , Marchand Richard
Published: January 2021

A novel approach is presented to infer plasma parameters from Langmuir probe measurements. Three‐dimensional kinetic simulations capable of accounting for multiple physical processes and realistic measurement conditions, are used to construct synthetic data sets, or solution libraries, consisting of computed probe collected currents, with corresponding plasma environment parameters. Applying the Swarm standard data analysis procedure to infer density and temperatures, and comparing them with values used in the simulations, provides an assessment of the uncertainties resulting from these procedures. A significant source of discrepancy is found to come from the neglect of minority light ions, and the effect of the sheath of the nearby satellite. An empirical relation is constructed, which reproduces the plasma density within 5%, given probe voltages and collected currents, and known temperatures, effective masses, plasma flow speeds, and the satellite floating potential. This relation is presented as a useful constraint between these several variables; not all of which being measured or estimated accurately in situ.
Interannual Climate Variability and Malaria in Mozambique
Authors: Harp Ryan D. , Colborn James M. , Candrinho Baltazar , Colborn Kathryn L. , Zhang Lei , Karnauskas Kristopher B.
Published: January 2021

Malaria is among the greatest public health threats in Mozambique, with over 10 million cases reported annually since 2018. Although the relationship between seasonal trends in environmental parameters and malaria cases is well established, the role of climate in deviations from the annual cycle is less clear. To investigate this and the potential for leveraging inter‐annual climate variability to predict malaria outbreaks, weekly district‐level malaria incidence spanning 2010–2017 were processed for a cross‐analysis with climate data. An empirical orthogonal function analysis of district‐level malaria incidence revealed two dominant spatiotemporal modes that collectively account for 81% of the inter‐annual variability of malaria: a mode dominated by variance over the southern half of Mozambique (64%), and another dominated by variance in the northern third of the country (17%). These modes of malaria variability are shown to be closely related to precipitation. Linear regression of global sea surface temperatures onto local precipitation indices over these variance maxima links the leading mode of inter‐annual malarial variability to the El Niño‐Southern Oscillation, such that La Niña leads to wetter conditions over southern Mozambique and, therefore, higher malaria prevalence. Similar analysis of spatiotemporal patterns of precipitation over a longer time period (1979–2019) indicate that the Subtropical Indian Ocean Dipole is both a strong predictor of regional precipitation and the climatic mechanism underlying the second mode of malarial variability. These results suggest that skillful malaria early warning systems may be developed that leverage quasi‐predictable modes of inter‐annual climate variability in the tropical oceans.
On the Rupture Propagation of the 2019 M6.4 Searles Valley, California, Earthquake, and the Lack of Immediate Triggering of the M7.1 Ridgecrest Earthquake
Authors: Cortez Jordan T. , Oglesby David D. , Kyriakopoulos Christodoulos , Wu Baoning , Chaudhuri Kuntal , Ghosh Abhijit , Douilly Roby
Published: January 2021

The 2019 M6.4 Searles Valley, Southern California, earthquake nucleated on a buried right‐lateral fault segment and propagated around a perpendicular fault intersection to a surface‐outcropping left‐lateral segment, but it did not propagate coseismically to the intersecting fault of the subsequent M7.1 Ridgecrest mainshock. We use the three dimensional finite element method to explore the physical reasons for this curious rupture path. Rather than model the details of the measured and inferred slip distribution, we use simple constant‐traction assumptions to explore how initial stress, hypocenter location, and the depth of burial of the initial right‐lateral segment may have influenced rupture propagation. The results suggest that only a narrow range of fault stresses, fault burial depths, and hypocenter locations would result in the observed rupture path in this earthquake. The results may have implications for interactions between faults in Southern California and beyond.
Magnetic Conjugacy of Pc1 Waves and Isolated Proton Precipitation at Subauroral Latitudes: Importance of Ionosphere as Intensity Modulation Region
Authors: Ozaki Mitsunori , Shiokawa Kazuo , Horne Richard B. , Engebretson Mark J. , Lessard Marc , Ogawa Yasunobu , Hosokawa Keisuke , Nosé Masahito , Ebihara Yusuke , Kadokura Akira , Yagitani Satoshi , Miyoshi Yoshizumi , Hashimoto Shion , Sinha Shipra , Sinha Ashwini K. , Seemala Gopi K. , Jun Chae‐Woo
Published: January 2021

Pc1 geomagnetic pulsations, equivalent to electromagnetic ion cyclotron waves in the magnetosphere, display a specific amplitude modulation, though the region of the modulation remains an open issue. To classify whether the amplitude modulation has a magnetospheric or ionospheric origin, an isolated proton aurora (IPA), which is a proxy of Pc1 wave‐particle interactions, is compared with the associated Pc1 waves for a geomagnetic conjugate pair, Halley Research Base in Antarctica and Nain in Canada. The temporal variation of an IPA shows a higher correlation coefficient (0.88) with Pc1 waves in the same hemisphere than that in the opposite hemisphere. This conjugate observation reveals that the classic cyclotron resonance is insufficient to determine the amplitude modulation. We suggest that direct wave radiation from the ionospheric current by IPA should also contribute to the amplitude modulation.
Experimental Evidence of a Link Between Lightning and Magnetic Field Fluctuations in the Upper Ionosphere Observed by Swarm
Authors: Strumik M. , Slominski J. , Slominska E. , Mlynarczyk J. , Blecki J. , Haagmans R. , Kulak A. , Popek M. , Martynski K. , Wronowski R.
Published: January 2021

We present results of analysis of lightning observations and satellite measurements of ionospheric magnetic field fluctuations in the ultralow frequency (ULF) range. The fluctuations are measured by Swarm satellites, while the lightning observations are provided by the Geostationary Lightning Mapper (GLM) and the World ELF Radiolocation Array (WERA). We identify spatio‐temporal relationships that demonstrate a leakage of electromagnetic fluctuations caused by lightning into the upper ionosphere. Causal association between the two phenomena is evidenced by investigating relations between lightning and fluctuation properties. The presented results suggest that lightning generate ULF fluctuations in the ionosphere that can be detected by satellites, if the lightning‐satellite geographic distance is less than ∼5°. Typical properties of the fluctuations caused by lightning are described in the paper. To our knowledge, this is the first direct experimental confirmation of a link between lightning and magnetic field fluctuations in the upper ionosphere in the ULF range.