bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Design of the Blast Furnace Wall Structure Made of Efficient Materials. Part 4. Calculation Examples
Authors:   National Research Moscow State University of Civil Engineering (26, Yaroslavskoye Highway, Moscow, 129337, Russian Federation), IBRAGIMOV A.M. , GNEDINA L.Yu. ,   National Research Moscow State University of Civil Engineering (26, Yaroslavskoye Highway, Moscow, 129337, Russian Federation)
Published: December 2020

This work is part of a series of articles under the general title The structural design of the blast furnace wall from efficient materials [1–3]. In part 1, Problem statement and calculation prerequisites, typical multilayer enclosing structures of a blast furnace are considered. The layers that make up these structures are described. The main attention is paid to the lining layer. The process of iron smelting and temperature conditions in the characteristic layers of the internal environment of the furnace is briefly described. Based on the theory of A.V. Lykov, the initial equations describing the interrelated transfer of heat and mass in a solid are analyzed in relation to the task – an adequate description of the processes for the purpose of further rational design of the multilayer enclosing structure of the blast furnace. A priori the enclosing structure is considered from a mathematical point of view as the unlimited plate. In part 2, Solving boundary value problems of heat transfer, boundary value problems of heat transfer in individual layers of a structure with different boundary conditions are considered, their solutions, which are basic when developing a mathematical model of a non-stationary heat transfer process in a multi-layer enclosing structure, are given. Part 3 presents a mathematical model of the heat transfer process in the enclosing structure and an algorithm for its implementation. The proposed mathematical model makes it possible to solve a large number of problems. Part 4 presents a number of examples of calculating the heat transfer process in a multilayer blast furnace enclosing structure. The results obtained correlate with the results obtained by other authors, this makes it possible to conclude that the new mathematical model is suitable for solving the problem of rational design of the enclosing structure, as well as to simulate situations that occur at any time interval of operation of the blast furnace enclosure.
Environmental and Climate Declarations as Tools for Exporting Russian Construction Materials
Authors:   Association “Non-profit Partnership “Coordination and Information Center of the CIS Member States on the Convergence of Regulatory Practices” (Association “NP KITS SNG”) (36, bldg. 1, Lyusinovskaya Street, Moscow, 115093, Russian Federation), DERBENEV A.V. , VADIVASOV D.M. ,   Association “Non-profit Partnership “Coordination and Information Center of the CIS Member States on the Convergence of Regulatory Practices” (Association “NP KITS SNG”) (36, bldg. 1, Lyusinovskaya Street, Moscow, 115093, Russian Federation)
Published: December 2020

Environmental protection, climate change, and the protection of the planet’s biodiversity are becoming top priorities in modern society. Environmental agreements, while important and necessary, including for achieving sustainable development goals, impose additional restrictions on products and producers of these products. These restrictions can be used by countries to create barriers to the import of construction materials. Countries that have ratified environmental agreements may restrict the import of products that do not meet environmental requirements or criteria in one way or another. International environmental management tools are described, in particular environmental and climate declarations, which can serve as tools for solving the problem of possible restrictions and barriers in the export of construction materials produced in the Russian Federation.
The Method of Calculation of Building Structures by Reliability Level
Authors:   Petersburg State Transport University of Emperor Alexander I (9, Moskovsky Avenue, 190031, Saint Petersburg, Russian Federation), BELENTSOV Yu.A.
Published: December 2020

The analysis of the problem of calculating the bearing capacity of structures, taking into account the guaranteed level of reliability and failure-free operation, was carried out. On the basis of the works of N. N. Streletsky, A. R. Rzhanits and others, bottlenecks are established that do not make it possible to design structures with a guaranteed level of reliability and failure-free operation, despite the introduction of the concept of strength class and the existing reliability theory. According to the failure-free operation indicator, a scheme for normalizing the reliability of designed building structures is proposed and is interrelated with the assessment of the quality of structures being built. Guaranteed design quality indicators with a set probability of failure-free operation that are not related to strength are introduced: geometric dimensions, modulus of deformation and elasticity, taking into account the variability of properties and technology. The corresponding reserve coefficients ensuring the required probability of failure-free operation are determined. The scheme for calculating the design of structures with the required level of reliability is developed in the process of design, construction and operation of structures, taking into account the completeness and reliability of information on the results of quality control, during operation, taking into account the reduction of physical, mechanical and other properties of structures.
Bringing Slavery into the Light in Postcolonial Portugal
Authors: Santos Paula Mota
Published: December 2020

In 2009, in Lagos, Portugal, the remains of 158 bodies of fifteenth-century enslaved Africans were unearthed. In 2016, Lagos City Council inaugurated a slavery-themed exhibition in collaboration with the Portuguese Committee of UNESCO’s Slave Route Project. Through an analysis of the exhibition’s rhetoric and poetics, I argue that the former is yet another instance of Lusotropicalism, a theoretical construct developed by Gilberto Freyre throughout the 1930s, 1940s, and 1950s to support the construct of Brazil as a racial democracy, and appropriated by Portugal to support the “benign” character of its colonial system. As a consequence, slavery and Portugal’s role in the transatlantic slave trade, although apparently brought into the light in this exhibition, are in fact hidden in plain sight because both the rhetorical and poetic devices at play conspire to evade addressing the colonial order and its historical consequences, both past and present.
The Politics of Indigeneity and Heritage
Authors: Adams Kathleen M.
Published: December 2020

This article contributes to comparative museology by examining curation practices and politics in several “museum-like” heritage spaces and locally run museums. I argue that, in this era of heritage consciousness, these spaces serve as creative stages for advancing potentially empowering narratives of indigeneity and ethnic authority. Understanding practices in ancestral spaces as “heritage management” both enriches our conception of museums and fosters nuanced understandings of clashes unfolding in these spaces as they become entwined with tourism, heritage commodification, illicit antiquities markets, and UNESCO. Drawing on ethnographic research in Indonesia, I update my earlier work on Toraja (Sulawesi) museum-mindedness and family-run museums, and analyze the cultural politics underlying the founding of a new regional Toraja museum. I also examine the complex cultural, religious, and political challenges entailed in efforts to repatriate stolen effigies (tau-tau) and grave materials, suggesting that these materials be envisioned as “homeless heritage” rather than “orphan art.”
EAST INDIAN AND OTHER DOCKS IN LONDON: IMPERIAL ARCHITECTURE, COLONIAL TRADE AND POSTCOLONIAL MEMORY
Authors:   Institute of oriental studies, Russian academy of science (MOSCOW), Sidorova S. E.
Published: December 2020

The article concentrates on the colonial and postcolonial history, architecture and topography of the southeastern areas of London, where on both banks of the River Thames in the 18th–20th centuries there were located the docks, which became an architectural and engineering response to the rapidly developing trade of England with territories in the Western and Eastern hemispheres of the world. Constructions for various purposes — pools for loading, unloading and repairing ships, piers, shipyards, office and warehouse premises, sites equipped with forges, carpenter’s workshops, shops, canteens, hotels — have radically changed the bank line of the Thames and appearance of the British capital, which has acquired the status of the center of a huge empire. Docks, which by the beginning of the 20th century, occupied an area of 21 hectares, were the seamy side of an imperial-colonial enterprise, a space of hard and routine work that had a specific architectural representation. It was a necessary part of the city intended for the exchange of goods, where the usual ideas about the beauty gave way to considerations of safety, functionality and economy. Not distinguished by architectural grace, chaotically built up, dirty, smoky and fetid, the area was one of the most significant symbols of England during the industrial revolution and colonial rule. The visual image of this greatness was strikingly different from the architectural samples of previous eras, forcing contemporaries to get used to the new industrial aesthetics. Having disappeared in the second half of the 20th century from the city map, they continue to retain a special place in the mental landscape of the city and the historical memory of the townspeople, which is reflected in the chain of museums located in this area that tell the history of English navigation, England’s participation in geographical discoveries, the stages of conquering the world, creating an empire and ways to acquire the wealth of the nation.
SYRIAN CRISIS: HISTORY AND CURRENT POLITICS
Authors:   Institute of oriental studies, Russian academy of science (MOSCOW), Akhmedov V. M.
Published: December 2020

The article studies main developments, implications and results of the 10 year Syrian crisis. The author pays special attention to the historical preconditions that caused those events in Syria, focusing on actual political, social, economic, ethnic, ideological, regional, and international dimensions of the Syrian crisis based on historical background. The author tries to make some forecasts about further development of the current situation in Syria in view of abilities to peacefully resolve the conflict by political instruments rather than military options. The publication tends to study new tendencies in the Syrian crisis development. The author argues that today the Syrian conflict is developing in a different paradigm that can be tentatively designated as the “post-terrorist” stage in the Syrian uprising. Main attention is paid to Russia’s politics in Syria and its ability to rebuild the main institutions of the Syrian state. Political steps and tendencies of major regional and international players in the Syrian crisis are analysed. In this regard the author supposes and demonstrates in this article that much depends on how Russia, Turkey, Iran, the United States and Israel change the previous agreements on the security system in Syria. The author believes that despite all the complexity of this crisis, peace in Syria is quite possible. A lot depends on political will and the readiness for mutual compromises between key internal and external actors in the Syrian crisis.
Designing a Rotary Composter Tool With an Ergonomic Approach to the Organic Garbage Processing Process
Authors:   Universitas Ahmad Dahlan, Prasetiyo Fajar Aji , Budiyanto Tri
Published: December 2020

Garbage is one of the problems facing the Indonesian society. The production of garbage resulting from various individual activities is increasing each day. University of Ahmad Dahlan (UAD) Yogyakarta as one of the colleges in Yogyakarta has the potential to produce garbage of large amounts. Under the strategic plan of environmentally insightful campus development, garbage processing will be carried out by the institutions of University of Ahmad Dahlan and academic civitas. The average garbage produced by UAD 4 campus activities is 170 kg/day with an organic waste composition of 22.57 kg and non-organic 147.43 kg. During this time the garbage was directly distributed to the Piyungan landfill without being processed first, as the campus party had not been available garbage processing devices. The purpose of the study was to design organic garbage processing tools into compost fertilizers. The study used an ergonomic approach by utilizing anthropometric data in the determination of size from the design. Anthropometric data used in this study are Tinggi Bahu Duduk (TBD) or Shoulder High Sitting, Lebar Pinggul (LP) or Hip Width, Pantat Popliteal (PP) or Popliteal Butt, Tinggi Siku Berdiri (TSB) or Standing Elbow Height, Panjang Lengan Bawah (PLB) or Lower Arm Length, Lebar Bahu Atas (LBA) or Upper Shoulder Width, and Tinggi Lutut (TL) or Knee Height. The result of the study was an ergonomic Rotary Composter tool design operated by one person manually with dimensions 115 cm long, 148 cm wide, 115 cm tall, 60 cm barrel diameter, seat rest height 58.75 cm, 41.23 cm seat width, seat base length 45.39 cm, the distance between seats, tool height 114.94 cm, with tool 37.33 cm wide, seat rest 50 cm, 13 cm, seat width, and seat height 59.08 cm.
Analysis Feasibility of Photovoltaic Array Drive a Medium Temperature Refrigerator
Authors:   Politeknik Negeri Bali, Santosa I Dewa Made Cipta , Waisnawa I Gede Nyoman Suta
Published: December 2020

Solar power (photovoltaic) is one of the clean energies that is very well developed in a tropical country like Indonesia. This is due to the high intensity of the sun and shining throughout the year so that the annual energy obtained is relatively high. The solar energy system in this research was developed with a photovoltaic array system that can be optimized for angles and facing according to where the experiment was carried out. The solar system using Solar Control Charge (SCC) and an inverter in order to get both alternating and direct current output. This energy output from solar power is used to drive the medium temperature refrigerator system for storing fresh vegetables and fruit. The results obtained from this preliminary study are the best angle and direction is an angle of 15 degrees to the north. And this condition will be determined in the form of a fixed tilt on the solar power system located at the Bali State Polytechnic and its surroundings.
Drainage Handling System in Tambaloka City
Authors:   Politeknik Negeri Bali, Parwita I Gusti Lanang Made , Yasada Gede , Mudhina Made
Published: December 2020

A City which is lovable by the society is a livable city, productive and has good spirit TambolakaCity is the capital city of soutwest Sumba, like other cities which focuses alsoon the city itself towards the desirable community. Tambolaka city is a small city with an area of 9,605 acre has population about 19,241 people with an average population growth is 4% (Central Bureau of Statistics in Soutwest Sumba,2010). One of the basic urban infrastructure which is considered quite important in Tambolaka City is the sewerage of the drainage system of the city. A good city needs to consider the condition of the culverts because if the water is stagnant, it will geatly affect the life of the city i. e buildings become easily damaged, unhealthy environments, and dirty houses. The drainage systems in Tambolaka City include the trade area, offices, housing, and other areas. The rapid growth of the city is trying to be balanced by make urban infrastructure, one of which very important related to infrastucture is in ralation to drainage problems. The drainage conditions in the region are already organized to mitigate the effects of flooding and stagnant water, in some locations there are problems such as unavailability of drainage, inadequate of drainage, stagnant water, and so on.
Preparation of Heterogeneous Fenton-Type Nano Catalysts and Their Application to Methylene Blue Degradation
Authors: Co Thanh Thien , Le Dinh Khoi , Le Van De , Doan Thi Nhu Thuy
Published: December 2020

Introduction: Iron-based nanocatalysts are known as a new generation heterogeneous Fenton catalyst, replacing the traditional Fenton catalyst system which has many disadvantages in experimental processes and industrial applications. In this study, we focused on the preparation of iron nanoparticles and their use when embedded in traditional supports, as well as tested their catalytic activity by modified Fenton-type oxidation of methylene blue (MB) substrate.

Method: Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM), Transmission Electron Microscopy (TEM), X-ray diffraction (XRD) and UV-vis were used for physio-chemical characterization of the catalysts.

Results: Iron nanoparticles were obtained in the reduction of iron salt by sodium borohydride (NaBH4), with particle size in the range of 4-5 nm. Fe-X (X represents C, Bentonite, Al2O3, or ZnO) was synthesized in high yield and applied to the Fenton oxidation of MB; approximately 99% conversion was observed in the case of Fe-C.

Conclusion: Supported iron nanoparticles are active catalysts for the oxidation of MB; however, there are limitations if pH is above 3.
Estimation of the Recyclable Waste amount Collected by Informal Recycling Shops: Case Study in Nay Pyi Taw, Myanmar
Authors:   Environmental Conservation Department, Ministry of Natural Resources and Environmental Conservation, Nay Pyi Taw 15011, Myanmar, Ko Chit Oo , Tun Ye ,   Environmental Conservation Department, Ministry of Natural Resources and Environmental Conservation, Nay Pyi Taw 15011, Myanmar, Lwin Naing Htet ,   Environmental Conservation Department, Ministry of Natural Resources and Environmental Conservation, Nay Pyi Taw 15011, Myanmar, Moe Thazin ,   Environmental Conservation Department, Ministry of Natural Resources and Environmental Conservation, Nay Pyi Taw 15011, Myanmar, Eaindray Juu ,   Environmental Conservation Department, Ministry of Natural Resources and Environmental Conservation, Nay Pyi Taw 15011, Myanmar
Published: December 2020

The study investigates and estimates the type and amount of recyclable waste collected by informal recycling shops in Nay Pyi Taw by using face to face interview for 23 informal recycling shops in Nay Pyi Taw in May 2020. The descriptive statistics (frequency and percentage) and inferential statistics (two-sample paired t-test and Pearson’s correlation) were applied. According to the results, the average estimated waste amount collected by each recycling shop per day before and during the novel coronavirus (COVID-19) pandemic was 1,798 kg (Min. 0 to Max. 1,401 kg) and 856 kg (Min. 0 to Max. 892 kg), respectively. As a result of this study, it can be seen that the amount of daily collected waste has a positive relationship with the daily income of recycling shops, and COVID-19 has impacted the income of informal recycling shops. According to the results, getting an official license, financial problems, and limited land for managing buying recyclable waste, unstable market conditions, no factory in Nay Pyi Taw and no definitive legislation or laws, seasonal changes are the main challenges for informal recycling shops. This study indicates the ways to mainstream the informal sectors in waste management schemes. In addition, the results of this study can be useful in developing national and regional waste management plans and programs.
A2 milk as an alternative to goat milk in yoghurt production
Authors: Ladyka V. , Samilyk M. , Ladyka L. , Helikh A. , Bolgova N.
Published: December 2020

The article discusses and analyzes the prospects for the use of cow’s milk A2 as an alternative to goat milk in the production of yoghurt. It has been analyzed that goat’s milk is less allergenic than cow’s milk. The genotype of A1 and A2 milk samples was determined using molecular biological analysis of allele recognition by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) in real time. The organoleptic characteristics of yoghurts made from cow’s milk A1, A2, goat’s milk, from a mixture of goat’s and cow’s milk of different genotypes were studied and presented in the work in the form of a profile analysis using the significance coefficients of each individual descriptor (color, smell, taste, appearance and consistency). The physicochemical parameters (protein and fat content) of yoghurts made from cow’s milk A1, A2, goat’s milk, from a mixture of goat’s and cow’s milk of different genotypes were determined. High fat and protein content was found in sample № 3 made from goat milk. The protein content is 3.99 g per 100 g of product, fat – 4.1 g per 100 g of product. Sample No. 2 is made from A2 cow’s milk contains 0.5 g per 100 g of product less protein and 0.6 g per 100 g of product less fat than sample No. 1 made from A1 cow milk. The best result in terms of protein and fat content in the sample of yogurt № 4, made from a mixture of cow and goat milk. This paper presents a comparative analysis of the energy value of yoghurts based on cow’s milk A1, A2, goat’s milk, from a mixture of goat’s and cow’s milk of different genotypes. It should be noted that the highest numerical values of the level of balance in terms of organoleptic indicators and energy value were obtained by samples of yoghurts made from a mixture of cow’s A2 milk and goat’s milk. Studies have shown that yoghurts made from a mixture of goat and cow milk meet the requirements of the standard.
Expanding the range of processed cheeses using sunflower isolate
Authors: Bolgova N. V. , Samilyk M. M. , Kohan V. R. , Lisova N. M.
Published: December 2020

The paper presents an analysis of the literature on the expansion of the range of processed cheeses using sunflower isolate. Four samples of processed cheese with different percentage of sunflower isolate were selected for the study: control, 1st – 3 %, 2nd – 5 % and 3rd – 7 %. Analyzing the results of organoleptic evaluation, it should be noted that the organoleptic characteristics of the control and the first samples were evaluated in the same number of points. Samples two and three as a result of tasting evaluation for taste lost to the first two by 0.2 and 0.4 points, respectively. The odor of the third sample with a percentage of sunflower isolate of 5 % was not inferior to the first sample and was estimated at 0.1 and 0.2 points higher than the control and third samples, respectively. The increase in the percentage of sunflower isolate led to a deterioration in the taste of the developed samples. Therefore, the introduction into the recipe of processed cheese sunflower isolate in the amount of 3 % allowed to obtain, according to the results of organoleptic evaluation, higher results compared to other samples. The results of studies of structural and mechanical parameters of the developed samples of processed cheese with sunflower isolate suggest that the introduction of a herbal additive in the recipe increased the structural and mechanical properties. An increase in the penetration force indicates a thickening of the consistency. Compared to the control sample, this figure increased by 1.8 kN/m2. The elastic index, which characterizes the elasticity of the cheese mass of the control sample, was lower than the first by 0.6 kN/m2. The obtained results allow us to conclude that the introduction of sunflower isolate into the formulation leads to minor structural changes within the regulatory documentation. The study found that the control sample contained 11.36 % protein, and sample 1 – 11.55 %. It should be noted that the protein content has not changed significantly. Taking into account the results of the described studies, we note that the developed processed cheese with 3 % sunflower isolate meets the requirements of regulatory documentation for organoleptic and structural-mechanical parameters. The structural and mechanical characteristics of the first sample indicate that the introduction of a herbal additive into the formulation has a positive effect on penetration efforts and elasticity. However, the introduction of three percent sunflower isolate did not affect the protein content of the product.
Improvement of technology of preserves from freshwater fish species
Authors: Golembovskaya N.
Published: December 2020

Сhanges in the structure of the fishery, the general trend of decreasing catches of traditional marine fish species, increasing the number of freshwater fish as aquaculture facilities necessitates the improvement of complex technologies for processing raw materials and expanding the range of food products from freshwater fish. One of the promising areas for solving these problems is the development of technology for preserves from freshwater fish and based on the principles of food combinatorics by enriching them with plant ingredients. The use of spicy-aromatic roots in the future is one of the priority areas of research. Substantiated and developed is of technology of freshwater fish preserves of increased biological value using spice-aromatic roots (parsley, ginger and horseradish), which solves the problem of production of optimized foodstuff according to the nutritive and biological value indicators. The necessity of using freshwater fish and aromatic roots in technology of preserves is grounded. Based on organoleptic analysis the compatibility of freshwater fish and spice-aromatic roots as part of preserves is determined. The results of studies of the chemical, fatty acid, amino acid and mineral composition of preserves and the assessment of their safety are presented. The preserves made modified by vegetative ingredient had the plastic and dense consistency on their cut. The positive results of their organoleptic analysis evidenced expediency of adding of proposed vegetative ingredient to fish. The conditions of preprocessing of salted semi-finished product with the aim of its further maturation as part of preserves is theoretically grounded and experimentally confirmed. The expediency of combining a freshwater fish with plant material to expand the range of biologically valuable food products is presented in the article. The proposed formulations of fish-based preserves products would permit to spread the assortment of dietetic products. The second positive effect of application vegetative raw materials in minced fish masses is finding one of more method of reprocessing the freshwater fish. The R&D work we performed would be continued and should include the stage of development and optimization the technologies of producing the fish products modified by vegetative raw.
Investigation of the effect of amylopectin starch on the properties of meat sys-tems
Authors: Kryzhova Yu. P. , Antoniuk M. M. , Antoniv A. D. , Sydorenko M. A.
Published: December 2020

Decrease of meat quality results in the use of phosphate supplements, which increase the moisture-binding and emulsifying ability of meat, stabilize the pH of meat, color formation and oxidative processes in meat products. The most modern technological schemes of meat production involve the use of food phosphates, due to their ability to significantly increase the functional and technological potential of muscle proteins. However, consumption of meat products which contain food phosphates increases the intake of phosphorus in the human body, which has a negative impact on health. Therefore, today the meat processing industry is faced with the question of finding alternatives to phosphate supplements that would have the above mentioned functional properties and be safe for human health. To achieve the desired texture of sausages and structural and mechanical properties of minced meat they use starches. Unlike a regular starch, Perfectabind C amylopectin starch forms highly viscous pastes when heated with water, stable when stored at low and high temperatures, when the pH is lowered or when freezing and thawing. Amylopectin starches have a lower gelatinization temperature, the starch past is transparent, resistant to acidity and mechanical impact, odorless.Their use allows to improve the consistency, taste of food, completely eliminate phosphates, increase technological and economic performance. The properties of native potato starches, modified with Eline VE 510 and amylopectin Perfectabind C have been studied, namely: paste production, viscosity, effect on carrageenan gel strength, organoleptic and functional-technological parameters of minced meat and sausages. Studies have shown that amylopectin starch Perfectabind C has a high viscosity, minimal effect on the strength of the carrageenan gel, which is 375 g/cm2, increases the moisture holding capacity of the product by 11.8 %, improves the organoleptic characteristics of sausages and increases their yield by 5 % with complete replacement of food phosphates, which is positive and allows to produce safe meat products.
Expanding the range of sausage products of special purpose
Authors: Halukh B. , Drachuk U. , Simonova I. , Basarab I. , Romashko I.
Published: December 2020

Due to the deficiency of certain nutrients in the diet of athletes and many categories of the population, there is a need for more targeted use of meat and meat products and the inclusion of traditional foods with physiologically functional ingredients to replenish the body with appropriate nutrients. The article presents the development of technologies for new types of meat products using the protein-carbohydrate supplement “Gainer” – a concentrate of nutrients. Gainer protein-carbohydrate supplement is a powdered mixture of white, gray, yellow or other color with chocolate, vanilla, strawberry flavor or without taste, intended for gaining muscle mass. The protein in this mixture is presented in the form of a protein obtained from milk, carbohydrates are represented by starch obtained from corn.During the studies, the effect on the solubility of the additive was determined, the temperature of sodium chloride was found to pass into a solution of 1.08 to 1.28 mg/ml of protein, which is 42.9 and 48 % according to their total content, which is determined at plus 20 °C. As the temperature increases, the solubility of the proteins of the protein mixture increased, reaches maximum values at a temperature of about plus 50 °C and is 127 % of the initial level at plus 4 °C. A further increase in temperature leads to a decrease in the indicator and at plus 85 °C its value is 37.8 % of the initial level. In the presence of sodium chloride, the solubility of the protein mixture is significantly increased. The most noticeable changes were observed at a NaCl concentration of up to 1 % by weight of the solution. With increasing concentration of NaCl in the system, the solubility of proteins also increases, but less intensely. Studies of the ability to interact with fat have shown high absorbent, binding, emulsifying properties of the protein mixture of Gainer. The stability of emulsions is about 60 %, which corresponds to the emulsifying ability of collagen proteins. A study was also conducted to determine the amount of protein-carbohydrate supplement in cooked sausages. The study showed that the introduction of hydrated milk-protein mixture of protein and carbohydrate additives in the composition of minced meat leads to an increase in the mass fraction of moisture, decrease in the mass fraction of protein and fat in proportion to the increase in the level of raw meat in minced meat.
Development of beverage technology for athletes with the addition of whey proteins
Authors: Krasulya O.
Published: December 2020

The article substantiates the relevance of developing a new drink technology for sports nutrition. The combination of milk base has an obvious positive effect on the body and enrichment with the necessary plant components. According to the formula of balanced nutrition of athletes engaged in strength sports, the daily amount of necessary macronutrients was calculated. The aim of the work was to develop a milk drink with nutrients. Their content in a portion of 500 g will cover the daily requirement by more than 10 %. Taking into account theoretical research, the component composition of the drink for athletes is substantiated. The expediency of adding whey protein concentrate obtained by ultrafiltration has been proved. According to the results of experimental studies of the dynamic viscosity index, a rational amount and type of carbohydrate component in the beverage has been established. With the addition of maltodextrin in the amount of 8 %, a viscous-fluid consistency of the model sample is observed. Тhe recommended limit on the amount of carbohydrates in beverages for athletes, namely an average of 10…12 %, taking into account the lactose content in milk-based about 4.0…4.5 %. The addition of soybean oil to the composition of the drink recipe for athletes is justified. A rational amount of lecithin emulsifier has been established to ensure the stability of the emulsion of the finished product. The composition of the milk drink recipe for athletes is given, which additionally includes a multivitamin premix, creatine monohydrate, dry extract of safflower leaflet, flavoring. The calculation of the nutritional and energy value of the developed drink was performed and the assessment of the satisfaction of the daily requirement for minerals and vitamins when drinking the drink in the amount of 500 g (1 serving) was performed. Consumption of the developed drink by the athlete who is engaged in power sports, in the amount of 500 g per day will provide the body with the necessary nutrients by more than 10 %.
The technology of soft Camembert cheese with the usage of different bacterial preparations
Authors: Slyvka І. М. , Tsisaryk О. Y. , Musiy L. Y.
Published: December 2020

The aim of the work was to develop a technology of soft Camembert cheese from pasteurized cow's milk using various bacterial preparations and to investigate its basic physicochemical and organoleptic properties. Two experimental samples of cheese were made: sample 1 – culture of direct application of mesothermophilic type RSF-742 + culture of white mold (Penicillium candidum + Geotrichum candidum) + rennet enzyme + calcium chloride; sample 2 – culture of direct application of mesophilic type CHN-19 + culture of white mold (Penicillium candidum + Geotrichum candidum) + rennet enzyme + calcium chloride. The finished product analyzed by the organoleptic and physicochemical parameters. Syneretic properties of rennet clots were studied after the process of fermentation and coagulation at a temperature of 32 ºC. The sample with the use of CNH-19 was characterized by the best consistency and pronounced mushroom and creamy aroma. Sample № 1, made with the bacterial preparation RSF-742, was characterized by a less pronounced aroma and structure, typical of Camembert cheese. It was found that the sample №1 (RSF-742) was characterized by higher syneretic properties. According to syneretic properties, lower moisture content characterized sample 1 (62 %) versus sample 2 (64 %). The volume of serum released in 1 hour was 65 % for sample 1 and 62 % for sample 2. The highest values for the fat content was sample 1 – 43 %, and sample 2 – 42 %. The content of salt did not differ, in sample № 1 – 1.8 % and in sample № 2 – 1.75 %. There were changes in the active acidity of the finished product when using different bacterial preparation. Lower pH values in sample 1 – 6.2, and slightly higher in sample 2 – 6.5 were observed. The highest number of points according to the results of the score was given to sample № 2 – 86 points, sample № 1 – 77 points out of possible 100.
Anxiety disorders and psychological evaluation: Instruments used in Brazil
Authors: Vanzeler Maria Luzinete Alves
Published: December 2020

Anxiety disorders are characterized by fear and anxiety disproportionate to the situation that triggers and persists beyond what is foreseen for the event. They cause harm to the individual due to the suffering produced, worsen the quality of life and impose social restrictions. Psychological assessment techniques can help an investigation and improve understanding of these disorders. This study aimed to investigate the instruments for anxiety assessment used in Brazil. Thus, a literature review was carried out, searching specialized textbooks, journals and indexed articles (in capes, lilacs, pubmed, mediline, scielo and academic Google) in order to describe the most used ones. At the end of this study, it was found that the instruments for assessing anxiety disorders can be divided into seven categories: The first includes instruments that assess anxiety as a global construct; the second evaluates psychiatric disorders; the third comprises instruments that assess specific anxiety disorders, taking into account symptomatic behaviors and thoughts or feelings; the fourth category covers instruments related to specific contexts, such as hospital or sports; the fifth category includes instruments for assessing specific characteristics related to anxiety, such as concern, irritability, among others; the sixth category, covers instruments for mental health assessment in general as complaints related to anxiety seen as screening and need for psychiatric care and; finally, the seventh category comprises the other instruments that did not fall into the previous categories. It was also verified that the most used tests in Brazil from 2000 to 2015 were: Anxiety Inventory (BAI), Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (HADS); State Trait Anxiety Inventory (IDATE); Hamilton Anxiety Scale; Social Phobia Inventory (SPIN). These instruments are adaptations of international instruments for use in Brazil.
A core set of microsatellite markers identified for use in population genetic studies of Purple Swamphen (Porphyrio porphyrio)
Authors:   Univ. of Freiburg, Germany, Subrata S. A. , Storch I. ,   Univ. of Freiburg, Germany
Published: December 2020

Populations of Purple Swamphen have been declining in some parts of the world due to wetland degradation and poaching. Conservation efforts might benefit from population genetic studies using microsatellite markers. Here we describe the selection of microsatellite markers suitable for such studies. We tested the markers against the evidence of the null alleles and gametic disequilibrium. From fourteen candidate loci, ten displayed a null alleles frequency of less than 0.2 and had no significant linkage disequilibrium. The selected loci showed no deviation from HWE and had a mean polymorphic information content of 0.516. Based on the test, we suggest these loci are suitable for population genetic studies of the species.
Non–invasive sampling of endangered neotropical river otters reveals high levels of dispersion in the Lacantun River System of Chiapas, Mexico
Authors:   Escuela Nacional de Ciencias Biológicas, Inst. Politécnico Nacional,, México, Ortega J. , Navarrete D. ,   Escuela Nacional de Ciencias Biológicas, Inst. Politécnico Nacional,, México, Maldonado J. E. ,   Smithsonian Conservation Biology Institute, Washington, USA
Published: December 2020

Patterns of genetic dispersion, levels of population genetic structure, and movement of the neotropical river otter (Lontra longicaudis) were investigated by screening eight polymorphic microsatellites from DNA extracted from fecal samples, collected in a hydrologic system of the Lacandon rainforest in Chiapas, Mexico. A total of 34 unique genotypes were detected from our surveys along six different rivers, and the effect of landscape genetic structure was studied. We recovered 16 of the 34 individuals in multiple rivers at multiple times. We found high levels of dispersion and low levels of genetic differentiation among otters from the six surveyed rivers (P > 0.05), except for the pairwise comparison among the Lacantún and José rivers (P < 0.05). We recommend that conservation management plans for the species consider the entire Lacantún River System and its tributaries as a single management unit to ensure the maintenance of current levels of population genetic diversity, because the population analyzed seems to follow a source–sink dynamic mainly determined by the existence of the major river.
Living scaphopods from the Valencian coast (E Spain) and description of Antalis caprottii n. sp. (Dentaliidae)
Authors:   Museu Valencià d’Història Natural, Spain, Martínez-Ortí A. , Cádiz L. ,   Univ. Católica de Valencia, Spain
Published: December 2020

This paper reports on eight scaphopod species found at 128 sampling stations near the coast of Valencia (Spain) during the campaigns of the Water Framework Directive (2000/60/CE) 2005, 2006 and 2008. Samples deposited in several Valencian institutions and private collections are also described. The identified species belong to four families: Dentaliidae (Antalis dentalis, A. inaequicostata, A. novemcostata, A. vulgaris, and A. caprottii n. sp., a new species described from material found on the coasts of the province of Castellón), Fustiariidae (Fustiaria rubescens), Entalinidae (Entalina tetragona) and Gadilidae (Dischides politus). We describe the characteristics and conchiological variations for each species and give geographic distribution maps on the Valencian coast for each species.
Estimating the economic impact of a long–term hunting ban on local businesses in rural areas in Greece: a hypothetical scenario
Authors:   Aristotle Univ. of Thessaloniki, Greece, Papaspyropoulos K. G. , Koufis J. ,   Technological Education Inst. of Lamia, Greece, Tourlida L. ,   Technological Education Inst. of Lamia, Greece, Georgakopoulou A. ,   Technological Education Inst. of Lamia, Greece
Published: December 2020

In December 2009, hunting was banned for a few days in Greece following the decision of the Council of State. The decision was issued when an animal rights organization claimed to the Court that there was no updated evidence about the impact of hunting on wild populations. This case prompted the present study, which focused on examining the hypothetical scenario of the possible impact of a long–term hunting ban on local businesses in rural areas in Greece. We carried out face–to–face interviews with entrepreneurs from the accommodation and food service sectors. Our results showed that most business owners interviewed considered the impact would be significant for their annual earnings. This finding should be taken into account by environmental decision makers because rural and mountainous areas in Greece are sparsely populated, and the few small businesses that still operate would not withstand drastic changes in rural tourism.
Reproduction of wild boar in a cropland and coastal wetland area: implications for management
Authors:   MINUARTIA, Barcelona, Spain, Rosell C. , Navàs F. ,   MINUARTIA, Barcelona, Spain, Romero S. ,   Parc Natural dels Aiguamolls de l'Empordà, Girona, Spain
Published: December 2020

The reproductive parameters of a wild boar population located in a coastal landscape with a mosaic of cropland and wetland habitats were analysed and compared with those observed in wild boar populations living in other habitats. A total of 296 reproductive tracts of females captured year round at the Aiguamolls de l’Empordà Natural Park were collected and analysed from 2000 to 2010. The foetuses were counted, sexed and aged and the mating and birth periods were determined. The weight and age of each female were also recorded. In accordance with the pattern observed in most European populations, a marked main mating season from October to January was observed. Within this season, there was a peak during November and December, in which 64% of the conception dates were recorded. The proportion of breeding females, ovulation rate and litter size increased with the weight of the reproductive females. A mean litter size of 5.01 ± 1.33 (range from two to eight) foetuses was recorded. This value is the highest known litter size recorded in wild Iberian populations and is similar to values observed in central Europe. Furthermore, it is not in accordance with the pattern reported for other European populations in which a positive correlation between litter size and latitude was observed. The most likely explanation for the high reproductive output in the study area is the availability of food year round, and especially the high consumption of crops such as maize and sunflower. Our results suggest that colonisation of cropland and wetland areas is contributing to the rise in the wild boar population density. Control strategies should consider not only reducing numbers of adult females but also applying measures to reduce food resources available to wild boar.
Influence of new irrigated croplands on wild boar (Sus scrofa) road kills in NW Spain
Authors:   Univ. of Salamanca, Spain, Colino–Rabanal, V. J. , Bosch J. ,   Animal Health Research Center, CISA–INIA, Madrid, Spain, Muñoz Mª J. ,   Animal Health Research Center, CISA–INIA, Madrid, Spain, Peris S. J. ,   Univ. of Salamanca, Spain
Published: December 2020

In recent decades, wild boar populations have increased both in number and distribution. This rise is partly related to the increase in cropland devoted to maize (Zea mays) cultivation, as wild boar find food and refuge in these areas. This population expansion has led to an increase in the number of wild boar vehicle collisions (WBVCs). The goal of the present study was to evaluate a set of spatio–temporal factors that influence WBVCs related to maize crops on the Northern Spanish Plateau (the region of Castile and Leon). We compared the maize pattern with the factors related to total WBVC numbers. We observed that whereas the total occurrence of WBVCs usually increased with forest cover and speed and traffic volumes, maize areas were one of the main explanatory variables in plateau models. To avoid collisions in these areas in future, a number of mitigation measures are outlined.
Common–interest community agreements on private lands provide opportunity and scale for wildlife management
Authors:   Univ. of Nebraska–Lin-coln, Lincoln, USA, Powell L. A.
Published: December 2020

Private lands are critical to conservation planning for wildlife, worldwide. Agriculture subsidies, tax incentives, and conservation easements have been successfully used as tools to convert cropland to native vegetation. However, uncertain economies threaten the sustainability of these incentives. The wildlife management profession is in need of innovative models that support effective management of populations. I argue that biologists should consider the option of facilitating the development of private reserves to reduce the dependence of conservation on public investment. Private reserves can be enhanced by creating common–interest communities, which reduce the problem posed by limited size of individual properties. Cross–property agreements between landowners can provide economic incentives through forms of ecotourism, energy production, and/or enhanced agricultural production. I share two case studies that demonstrate how cross–property agreements may be beneficial to landowner’s finances and conservation of diverse wildlife communities, as well as providing an efficient structure for NGOs and management agencies to engage and support landowners.
Does fox control improve red–legged partridge (Alectoris rufa) survival? An experimental study in Northern Spain
Authors:   IREC, CSIC–UCLM–JCCM, Ciudad Real, Spain, Mateo–Moriones A. , Villafuerte R. ,   IREC, CSIC–UCLM–JCCM, Ciudad Real, Spain, Ferreras P. ,   IREC, CSIC–UCLM–JCCM, Ciudad Real, Spain
Published: December 2020

This work evaluates the effectiveness of fox control as a method to improve the survival of red–legged partridge (Alectoris rufa). We radio–tracked 89 adult partridges and their chicks (62 few days old chicks and 46 over one–month–old chicks) and monitored their nests (N = 45) on two hunting estates in northern Spain over two years. Generalist predators (red fox, Vulpes vulpes, and magpie, Pica pica) were selectively controlled on one half of each estate during the first year, and on the other half in the second year. We estimated the effect of predator control on survival rates. Predator control did not improve survival rates for adult partridges and nests, but it improved chick survival, especially for chicks over one–month old.