bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Estudio de vigilancia tecnológica sobre el desarrollo de patentes en el campo de la producción y transformación de durazno
Authors: García-Mogollón Ana Milena , Torres-Zamudio Marleny
Published: October 2018

El artículo presenta un estudio del desarrollo de patentes, como parte de los resultados del proyecto: “Estudio de vigilancia tecnológica e inteligencia competitiva aplicado al cultivo y comercialización del durazno (Prunus persica L.) cv. Amarillo Jarillo, en la Provincia de Pamplona”; proyecto aprobado y financiado por la Universidad Nacional Abierta y a Distancia (UNAD) de Colombia. El estudio se realizó mediante el proceso de búsqueda y selección de información de las invenciones desarrolladas en el marco de la producción o transformación de durazno, indagando bases de datos como Patentscope, de la Organización Mundial de Propiedad Intelectual (OMPI), y Espacenet, de la Oficina Europea de Patentes (European Patent Office, EPO). Se utilizaron diversas herramientas especializadas en la búsqueda de datos e información de patentes, con lo que se logró establecer el avance en invenciones, solicitudes, clasificación de familias de patentes, fecha de publicación, inventores, países con mayor número de invenciones y desarrollo tecnológico originado en procesos de investigación de la fruta o sus derivados industriales.En lo que se refiere a los procesos de invención patentados en los últimos años en los países de habla hispana, se encuentran desarrollos en Argentina, México y España. Para Colombia, se estableció que los desarrollos son exiguos, registrándose algunos procesos en el campo de conservación de alimentos o productos alimenticios.
Elaboración de un producto tipo ‘pasta alimenticia’ a partir de residuos de plátano hartón prefreído
Authors: Chaparro-Acuña Sandra Patricia
Published: October 2018

El propósito de este estudio fue aprovechar los recortes de plátano hartón prefreído, o subproducto de patacón (SPP), que las empresas producen en la elaboración de patacones y que representan, aproximadamente, un 30 % de pérdidas mensuales. Dada la alta perecibilidad de estos residuos, se formuló un producto de buena aceptabilidad, con una vida útil más larga y que facilitara el manejo del subproducto. Se utilizaron tres harinas de trigo de diferente marca comercial, sémola de trigo y SPP en diferentes proporciones para establecer la mínima inclusión de harina en la formulación del producto tipo “pasta”. Las pruebas de absorción y pérdida de agua determinaron que la mejor mezcla fue la que contenía 65 % de residuos de plátano hartón prefreído y 35 % de sémola de trigo. Las pruebas sensoriales con consumidores ayudaron a la selección de esta formulación. Los análisis de textura realizados mostraron mayor fracturabilidad y menor firmeza del producto tipo “pasta” con relación a una pasta patrón, pero durante la cocción se mantuvo estable y presentó buena consistencia.
Génesis y evolución de los suelos del valle del Sibundoy – Colombia–
Authors: Medina-Castellanos Erika Alejandra , Sánchez-Espinosa Jorge Alberto , Cely-Reyes Germán Eduardo
Published: October 2018

La génesis de los suelos comprende el estudio de los factores y procesos de formación de estos; es la síntesis y la explicación del porqué de los suelos y de sus características y distribución. El conocimiento de la génesis, evolución, mineralogía y estado actual de los suelos se convierte en una herramienta fundamental para el ordenamiento territorial y productivo y la conservación de zonas estratégicas. El Valle del Sibundoy, ubicado al noroccidente del departamento de Putumayo, cuenta con una extensión aproximada de 9100 ha (IGAC, 2014); en esta superficie se realizó un levantamiento de suelos a escala semidetallada, y con este se determinaron los factores que rigen su origen y se infirieron los procesos que se han dado y que han dejado marcas en el perfil del suelo. Se diseñó un sistema de muestreo en red rígida, donde se distribuyeron 402 cajuelas, cada 25 ha, aproximadamente; posteriormente, se caracterizaron 71 perfiles modales. Con los datos obtenidos en campo y los resultados del laboratorio se concluyó que los factores que rigen la geogénesis en la zona de estudio son, en primera instancia, el relieve; en segunda, el material parental, y en tercera, el clima y la acción de los organismos a través del tiempo; además, se identificaron tres tendencias específicas de evolución: andolización, paludización y gleyzación; cada uno de estos procesos específicos se corroboró con análisis micromorfológicos.
Seroprevalence of Mycobacterium avium ssp. paratuberculosis in small ruminants in a flock in Antioquia, Colombia
Authors: Hernández-Agudelo José Miguel , García-Tamayo Yadi Marcela , Fernández-Silva Jorge Arturo
Published: October 2018

Paratuberculosis is a chronic infectious disease caused by Mycobacterium avium ssp. paratuberculosis (MAP). This study aimed at determining the presence of antibodies against MAP, and the association between the serological status of MAP and individual factors in goats and sheep in a flock in Antioquia, Colombia. We studied fifty-three goats and 6 sheep over two years old, and took blood samples to obtain serum and information on individual factors. The presence of antibodies against MAP was determined by ELISA, whereas the information was descriptively analyzed. ELISA did not detect any positive or suspect animal among the 59 tested animals, so an association between serological status to MAP and individual factors could not be established. This is the first and the fourth study reporting the search for antibodies against MAP in a goat and in a sheep population in Colombia, respectively. Several factors may explain the serological status of the sampled animals. It is necessary to continue with similar studies in other flocks of the region and the country to determine the current MAP infection status in small ruminants in Colombia.
Antecedentes, realidades y retos de los programas nacionales para la Reforma Rural Integral
Authors: Figueroa-Torres Yady Nohelia , Pérez-Bello Sandra Milena , Villamarín-Monroy Claudia Liliana , Rincón-Pérez Alfonso
Published: October 2018

Los acuerdos entre las Fuerzas Armadas Revolucionarias de Colombia –FARC– y el gobierno nacional, en La Habana, incluyen un punto de gran relevancia para el sector rural: la Reforma Rural Integral; esta contempla no solo el tema productivo, sino también el concepto de territorio y todos los actores inmersos en él, y busca mejorar las condiciones de vida de la población rural a través de una transformación estructural que respete las comunidades y sus identidades y brinde oportunidades para promover el Desarrollo Rural.Este artículo busca analizar el tercer aspecto del punto uno del acuerdo, los planes nacionales para la reforma rural integral, cuyo principal objetivo es la superación de la pobreza y el cierre de la brecha campo-ciudad. Para el artículo, en primer lugar, se realizó una descripción de la situación de la pobreza rural en Colombia y de la situación de las brechas campo-ciudad, y, en segundo lugar, se revisaron los aspectos que plantea la Reforma Rural Integral para superar la pobreza y disminuir estas brechas; esto con el fin de conocer en qué contexto se plantea implementar esta reforma.
Efecto del Fibrozyme® en la degradabilidad y la cinética de degradación de la paja de garbanzo (Cicer arietinum)
Authors: López-Inzunza Hugo de Jesús , Chongo-García Bertha Bienvenida , La-O-León Orestes , Guerra-Liera Juan Eulogio , López-López Hugo , Luna-López Maribel , López-Juárez Luciano Abelino , Castro-Camacho Samuel Jesús
Published: October 2018

Se realizó un experimento con la finalidad de estudiar un complejo de enzimas fibrolíticas exógenas (Fibrozyme®) sobre los parámetros de degradabilidad ruminal in situ y la cinética de degradación de la materia seca (MS) de la paja de garbanzo (Cicer arietinum). Se utilizaron dos toros suizos (700 kg PV) con cánula ruminal, en un diseño de bloques al azar, donde cada animal constituyó un bloque. Se evaluaron tres niveles de enzima (0, 1 y 2 g Fibrozyme® kg forraje−1 MS). Se colocaron bolsas nailon a cinco tiempos de incubación (6, 12, 24, 48 y 72 h). Los resultados demuestran que la inclusión de 2 g Fibrozyme® kg-1 MS mejora la digestibilidad in situ de la materia seca en paja de garbanzo (P<0.05) para todas las horas incubadas, así como los parámetros de la cinética de degradación. Se concluye que el Fibrozyme® evaluado en una dosis de 2 g kg-1 forraje MS mejoró la cinética de degradación y la degradabilidad ruminal in situ de la MS del esquilmo agrícola evaluado.
Acercamiento a la enfermedad renal crónica en caninos y felinos geriátricos
Authors: González-Castillo Luis Felipe , Sanmiguel-Plazas Rosa Angélica
Published: October 2018

El artículo compila aspectos actuales de la Enfermedad Renal Crónica (ERC) en caninos y felinos geriátricos, cuya prevalencia a nivel mundial está entre el 0.5 % y el 1.5 % en caninos y el 1 % y 3 % en felinos, con mortalidades del 5 % y el 3 %, respectivamente. La revisión literaria proporciona información actualizada sobre diferentes aspectos de la patología. La ERC afecta a caninos y felinos principalmente de edad avanzada y se caracteriza por la hipofunción renal, que, en su progresión en el tiempo, lleva a anormalidades persistentes en su mayoría irreversibles (azotemia e incapacidad para concentrar la orina), generando en el paciente un síndrome tóxico polisistémico que no solamente altera la eficacia de los riñones en cuanto a su función, sino también, de manera integrada, otros sistemas. A diferencia de la medicina humana, en la actualidad las herramientas para el diagnóstico, tratamiento, prevención y control de la ERC en caninos y felinos son de acceso limitado, por los altos costos y la difícil adquisición, generando restricciones para realizarles a los pacientes los procedimientos que signifiquen beneficios en su calidad de vida.
MARKA VE SOSYAL SORUMLULUK: KİŞİSEL BAKIM MARKALARI ÖRNEĞİ
Authors: DOĞAN Neva , SARITAŞ Ayşe
Published: October 2018

Bu çalışmada, öncelikle günümüzde marka kavramının önemine değinilerek pazarlama, tanıtım ve reklamla ilişkisi
değerlendirilmiştir. Aynı zamanda birey-marka ilişkisi ve marka-toplum ilişkisi ele alınarak markaların sosyal
sorumlulukla bağlantısına vurgu yapılmıştır. Günümüzde markaların başarıları sadece kar elde etmeleriyle
ölçülmemektedir. Markaların arasındaki farkların azalmasıyla sosyal sorumluluk kampanyaları markaların
birbirinden farklılaşmasını sağlayan önemli faktörlerden biri olmuştur. Sosyal sorumluluk anlayışının gelişimi
tarihsel açıdan değerlendirilmiş ve günümüzde markaların yalnızca müşteriye değil, içinde bulunduğu topluma da
sorumlu olduğu tespitine varılmıştır. Kişisel bakım ürünleri yaygın olarak kullanılmakla birlikte, içerdiği maddeler
nedeniyle hem sağlığa hem de çevreye zararlı olmasıyla da daima gündemde kalmaktadır. Kullanıcılar kişisel
bakım ürünleri satın alırken, tercihlerini daha sağlıklı ve daha doğal olan markalardan yana yapmaktadırlar. Bu
markalar ise bu beklenti karşısında kendilerini daha sağlığa zararsız, çevreye duyarlı olarak konumlandırmaya
çalışmaktadır. Bu bağlamda, bu çalışmada Fortune Dergisi’nin 2017 “Yılın En Büyük 500 Şirketi” sıralamasına
giren kişisel bakım markları olan; Unilever, Procter&Gambe, Avon ve Estée Lauder markalarının sosyal
sorumluluk kampanyaları, kampanya süresi, türü, işbirlikçileri ve uygulama alanı bağlamında incelenmiştir. Sosyal
sorumluluk türleri kategorize edilirken Geoffrey P. Lantos’un ayrımı temel alınmıştır.
“MAD MAX” SİNEMA FİLMİ VE “FALLOUT” OYUN SERİLERİNİN GÖSTERGELERARASI BAĞLAMDA İNCELENMESİ
Authors: San Remzi , Taş Alicenap Çiğdem
Published: October 2018

Pek çok metin kendinden öncekilerin izlerini taşır. Metinlerarasılık/göstergelerarasılık metinlerin kendi aralarında
olduğu kadar değişik sanatsal biçimler arasındaki ilişkileri açıklamaya çalışan bir yöntem olarak ortaya çıkmıştır.
Postmodern olarak nitelendirilen bir dönemde ortaya çıkan bu yöntemler “her metnin öncekilerle ilişkili olduğunu”
savlamaktadır. Edebiyat dışında, resim, sinema, animasyon vb. alanlarda sıklıkla kullanılan bu yöntem, günümüzde
çok geniş kullanıcı kitlelerine ulaşan bilgisayar oyun tasarımlarında da karşılığını bulmaktadır. Bu çalışmada,
bilgisayar oyunları ile sinema ve diğer disiplinler arasındaki alışverişler araştırılarak; “Fallout” bilgisayar oyunu
ile “Mad Max” film serilerinin, iki ayrı sanatsal biçim arasındaki ilişkileri belirtmek için kullanılan göstergelerarası
bir görüngüde incelenmesi amaçlanmıştır. Bu çerçevede “Fallout” bilgisayar oyunu ile “Mad Max” film serileri
konu, konsept, diyalog, sahne ve benzeri öğeler üzerinden incelenmiştir. Böylece bilgisayar oyunlarındaki
göstergelerarası iletişimin hem tasarım süreci hem de oyuncunun deneyimi çerçevesinde nasıl işlediği ortaya
konmaya çalışılmıştır. Tarama modeline dayalı bu çalışmada; araştırmanın kuramsal çerçevesi geliştirilerek
literatür araştırması tamamlandıktan sonra elde edilen veriler bulgular ve yorum aşamasında tartışılmıştır.
BİR FİNANSAL HALKLA İLİŞKİLER ARACI OLARAK YILLIK FAALİYET RAPORLARI: BORSA İSTANBUL’DA İŞLEM GÖREN ULAŞTIRMA SEKTÖR ŞİRKETLERİ ÜZERİNDEN BİR İNCELEME
Authors: YALIM Funda
Published: October 2018

Halkla ilişkilerin özel bir alanı olan finansal halkla ilişkiler günümüzde halkla açık şirketlerde hisse değeri, güven ve bilgi sağlama açısından önemli bir yer tutmaktadır. Küresel rekabet ortamında şirketlerin, yatırımcılar ve diğer hedef kitlerine yönelik yürütecekleri planlı iletişim çabaları hisse değerlerini yakından etkilemektedir. Farklı hedef kitlelere yönelik yürütülen finansal halkla ilişkiler çalışmalarının finansal ürünlere duyulan güveni artırıp bağlılık sağlamak, hisse senedi değerini artırmak, finansal çevreye bilgi sağlamak gibi birçok amacı bulunmaktadır. Şirketler bu amaçlara ulaşabilmek için farklı iletişim araçları kullanmaktadır. Yıllık faaliyet raporları bu araçlardan biridir. Bu makalenin amacı Borsa İstanbul’da (BIST) Ulaştırma sektöründe işlem gören şirketlerin yıllık faaliyet raporlarını, Türkiye Yatırımcı İlişkileri Derneği (TÜYİD) tarafından Yatırımcı İlişkileri Ödülü için geliştirilen Skor Kart ölçeğindeki değerlendirme sorularına göre incelemek ve finansal halkla ilişkiler kapsamında değerlendirmektir. Skorkart Ölçeğinde Faaliyet Raporu, Finansal Sonuç Açıklama ve İnternet Sitesi olmak üzere üç farklı kategoriye yönelik sorular bulunmaktadır. BIST ulaştırma sektör şirketlerine yönelik yürütülen bu araştırmada söz konusu şirketlerin faaliyet raporları Skorkart ölçeğindeki Faaliyet Raporu kategorisindeki sorulara göre incelenmiş, soruların cevapları faaliyet raporlarında tek tek aranmıştır. Cevaplar “var” veya “yok” olarak ele alınmış, “var” cevabı verilen sorulara 1 puan, “yok” cevabı verilen sorulara 0 puan verilmiştir.Sonuçlar incelendiğinde GSD Denizcilik Gayrimenkul İnşaat Sanayi ve Ticaret A.Ş’nin en yüksek puanı aldığı görülmektedir. Bu çalışma halkla ilişkilerin az sayıda çalışma yapılan alanlarından biri olan finansal halkla ilişkilere yönelik olması ve bu kapsamda daha önceleri genellikle yatırımcı ilişkileri tarafından incelenen yıllık faaliyet raporlarının bir finansal halkla ilişkiler aracı olarak değerlendirilmesinden dolayı önem taşımaktadır.
NAZİ ALMANYASI DÖNEMİNDE BASILAN POSTA PULLARININ PROPAGANDA AMAÇLI KULLANIMI
Authors: ÇAKI Caner
Published: October 2018

İlk posta pullarının kullanımı 19. yüzyılın ilk yarısına rastlamaktadır. Başlangıçta pullar, posta ücretinin ödendiğini
göstermek amacıyla bir tarafı yapışkanlı diğer tarafı sıradan basit resimler içeren etiketler olarak piyasaya çıkmıştır.
Zamanla posta pullarının yaygınlık kazanması ve uluslararası arenada önemli bir görsel öğe olarak yer etmesi
üzerine; pullar üzerine basılan resimler, profesyonel ressam ve karikatüristlere yaptırılmaya başlanmıştır. Bu
süreçte pullar sembolik değerinin ötesine geçerek, üzerlerinde tarihi şahsiyetlerin yer aldığı, önemli günlerin
anıldığı birer iletişim aracı haline gelmiştir. Özellikle 20. yüzyılda Naziler pulları Nazizm ideolojisinin kitleler
üzerinde tahakküm kurmasını sağlayan önemli bir propaganda aracı olarak kullanmıştır. Bu çalışmada, 20. yüzyılda
Nazi Almanyası (DrittesReich) tarafından basılan posta pullarının propaganda amaçlı nasıl ve ne şekilde
kullanıldığı ortaya konulmaya çalışılmıştır. Bu amaçla, çalışma kapsamında amaçlı örneklem metodu ile belirlen
altı Nazi Almanyası'nda basılan posta pulu Roland Barthes'ın göstergebilimsel analiz yöntemi kullanılarak
incelenmiştir. Elde edilen bulgular çerçevesinde; Nazi Almanyası tarafından basılan posta pullarının, Nazizm
ideolojisi öğretileri doğrultusunda yoğun bir şekilde gri propaganda amacıylakullanıldığı ortaya konulmuştur
ÜNİVERSİTE ÖĞRENCİLERİNİN REKREATİF ETKİNLİKLERLE SOSYALLEŞME DÜZEYLERİNİN İLETİŞİM BECERİLERİ VE DUYGUSAL ZEKÂLARI ÜZERİNE ETKİSİ
Authors: KOÇYİĞİT Murat , ERDOĞDU Murat , UYAR Mustafa , ÇINAR Muhsin
Published: October 2018

Araştırmanın amacı; bireylerin rekreatif etkinliklerle sosyalleşme düzeylerinin, iletişim becerileri ve duygusal zekâları üzerine etkisinin incelenmesidir. Yöntem; çalışmanın evrenini Konya ilinde devlet üniversitelerinde öğrenim gören rekreatif etkinliklerle sosyalleşen üniversite öğrencileri oluşturmaktadır. Araştırmanın örneklemini ise evren içerisinden tesadüfi örnekleme yöntemi ile seçilmiş olan üniversite öğrencileri oluşturmaktadır. Rekreaktif faaliyetlerle sosyalleşen bireylerin, iletişim becerileri ve duygusal zekâları arasındaki ilişkiler araştırma kapsamında tespit edilmiştir. Bu çalışmada, bireylerin sosyalleşme düzeylerini belirlemek için rekreasyon ve sosyalleşme ölçeği, iletişim becerilerini belirlemek için iletişim becerilerini değerlendirme ölçeği ve duygusal zekâ seviyelerini belirlemek için ise Schutte duygusal zekâ ölçeği kullanılmıştır. Ölçekler yardımı ile elde edilen veriler istatistik analiz/paket programı kullanılarak analiz edilmiş ve yorumlanmıştır. Araştırma neticesinde üniversite öğrencilerinin rekreatif etkinliklerle sosyalleşme düzeyleri ile iletişim becerileri ve duygusal zekâ yetenekleri arasında pozitif ve orta kuvvette, istatistiksel olarak da anlamlı (p=,000) ilişkilerin olduğu tespit edilmiştir. Ayrıca yapılan regresyon analizi sonucunda, rekreatif etkinliklerle sosyalleşmenin, bireyin iletişim becerileri ve duygusal zekâları üzerinde doğrudan ve anlamlı bir etkisinin olduğu sonucuna da ulaşılmıştır.
ANNELİK ROLÜ ÜZERİNE: KADININ “ANNELİK” KİMLİĞİ ÜZERİNDEN TAHAKKÜM ALTINA ALINMASI
Authors: DUDU KARAMAN Esra , DOĞAN Neva
Published: October 2018

Kadına özgü insan ırkının doğal taşıyıcılığına ilişkin biyolojik yetkinlik, ataerkil kodlarla kültür alanına taşınarak
“annelik” kavramı etrafında bir dizi yaptırımlara dönüşmektedir. Aslında kadının biyolojik becerisi olan annelik,
onu baskılamanın ve üzerinde iktidar kurmanın bir aracı haline gelmektedir. Buna göre edilgen konumdaki kadın
için annelik, onun iradesinin de üstünde bir güç olduğu için sürekli dışarıdan müdahale edilmesi ve düzenlenmesi
gereken bir işleyişe sahipmiş gibi algılanmaktadır. Herkesin annelik üzerine söyleyecek bir sözü vardır, “anne”
hariç. Böylece annelik, kadının bireysel yaşantısının bir parçası olmaktan çıkarak toplum tarafından denetlenmeye
ve onaylanmaya mahkûm edilen bir tahakküm biçimi halini almaktadır. Kamusallaştırılan “annelik” kavramı
bağlamında, toplumda kendisi için biçilen ideal davranış kodlarını uygulaması beklenen kadın, aksi halde
toplumsallaşma sürecinde başına gelecek her şeyi “hak etme” tehdidiyle kendini var eden bir meşrulaştırma
bilinciyle yoğrulmaktadır. Bu kapsama göre çalışmada, Türk toplumunda anneliğin anlamlandırılmasına ilişkin
hâkim kodlamalar ve annelik üzerine toplumun dayattığı normları kabullenme ya da reddetme biçimleri ortaya
konmaktadır. Buna göre araştırmada, değişik demografik özelliklere sahip19katılımcıyla yarı yapılandırılmış
derinlemesine görüşmeler yapılmıştır. Araştırma bulguları tematik analiz yöntemiyle incelenmiştir. Çalışma
neticesinde annelerin yaşı, eğitim düzeyi, konumu ya da mesleği fark etmeksizin toplum tarafından her çeşit
müdahaleye maruz kaldıkları sonucuna ulaşılmıştır.
Un santuario iberorromano saguntino situado en la Montaña Frontera (Sagunto, Valencia)
Authors: NICOLAU VIVES Mª Rosario
Published: October 2018

En la cima de la Montaña Frontera se encuentra un yacimiento que por los restos materiales hallados en él, en su mayoría inscripciones latinas de carácter votivo, se ha determinado como un santuario, con un período de actividad que abarca la época iberorromana llegando hasta el Bajo Imperio.
Actuaciones arqueológicas de urgencia en el extremo meridional del casco histórico de Córdoba: el sector de la Ribera
Authors: MORENA LÓPEZ José Antonio , BOTELLA ORTEGA Daniel
Published: October 2018

Se ofrecen los resultados obtenidos en varias intervenciones arqueológicas de urgencia practicadas en un sector hasta ahora muy poco conocido de Colonia Patricia, en concreto, el comprendido entre la Cruz del Rastro y la Puerta del Puente. Dichos resultados permiten acercarnos al estudio de las características de ese sector urbano en lo que a su trama viaria se refiere, al tiempo que sugieren nuevos planteamientos respecto del trazado tan problemático de la muralla meridional. Así mismo, ponen de manifiesto la importancia que tuvo la zona, durante la época romana, desde el punto de vista económico y comercial, habiéndose detectado actividades de carácter metalúrgico y otras relacionadas con una instalación oleícola.
Sobre una particular iconografía del triunfo de Baco en dos mosaicos romanos de la Bética
Authors: LÓPEZ MONTEAGUDO Guadalupe
Published: October 2018

La perspectiva frontal y la presencia de centauros, sustituyendo o guiando a los felinos que tiran directamente del carro del dios en la iconografía canónica del Triunfo dionisiaco, son variantes iconográficas que se documentan en dos mosaicos hispano-romanos. El análisis de los paralelos con otras representaciones musivas, pone de manifiesto la contaminación del Triunfo de Dionisos con el Triunfo de Neptuno y su posible relación con ideas de prosperidad e inmortalidad.
Teónimo egipcio φρῆν, «Dios que escucha», en un altar de Córdoba
Authors: PEREA YÉBENES Sabino
Published: October 2018

Estudio de la inscripción griega de «los dioses orientales» aparecida en Córdoba, que menciona el teónimo φρῆν. Defiendo la hipótesis que no se trata de un dios griego, sino egipcio. Tiene un carácter solar y es heredero de la tradición egipcia antigua de los «dioses que escuchan», cuya invocación en época romana adquiere un carácter mágico.
Una propuesta metodológica para el estudio de los capiteles preislámicos y emirales
Authors: BERMÚDEZ CANO J. M.
Published: October 2018

En este artículo exponemos un método de análisis, estudio y clasificación tipológica aplicado a los capiteles emirales. Comenzamos relatando los principales problemas historiográficos, y concluimos con un ejemplo práctico: el estudio de los capiteles de hojas lisas preislámicos, bajo las premisas analíticas que proponemos.
LA DECLARACIÓN DEL RIESGO EN EL SEGURO DE VIDA: LA RELEVANCIA JURÍDICA DEL CUESTIONARIO. La STS (Sala de lo Civil, sección 1a), de 30 de mayo de 2018 (RJ 2018, 158304).
Authors: Ortiz del Valle Mª del Carmen
Published: October 2018

La transparencia, entendida como mecanismo de protección de determinados colectivos, es una de las características que a día de hoy presentan tanto los  mercados como los sistemas de contratación y que se manifiesta tanto en el  ámbito del derecho privado como en el de derecho público. Entre esos colectivos necesitados de una especial protección encontramos a los tomadores, asegurados, beneficiarios y perjudicados que participan en el mercado de los seguros.
Application of Integrated Reservoir to Surface Network Coupling of Giant Oil Field, Kazakhstan
Authors: Stepanchuk Artem , Amangaliyev Bagdad
Published: October 2018

Pressure losses in the surface network can have a critical impact on well productivity. Therefore, for field development planning, it is highly advantageous for the simulation model to include the surface facilities as well as the reservoir. The objective of this study is to outline the advantages of modeling reservoir-to-surface coupling over conventional standalone simulation.

This paper presents a case study of creating an integrated model of a giant oil field with a compositional surface gathering system. The reservoir model is controlled by complex field management logic including gas balance. The reservoir wells are balanced with the surface network by setting inflow performance relationships (IPRs) as the boundary conditions. The network is then solved and returns operating point pressure as a varying tubinghead pressure (THP) limit for the reservoir well. After the minimum THPs have been established, the guide rate balancing allocates production by respecting the THP limits at which wells can flow.

The results show that an integrated reservoir-to-surface coupling gives significantly different but more realistic production allocation profiles at the group and well levels than a separate standalone simulation model. The oil production plateau rate drops prematurely as surface-network-constrained guide rate balancing results in different production allocation between producing wells. In fact, updated allocation results in an increase in gas-oil ratio for some of the groups and consequently leads to early gas breakthrough for some of the wells. Increase of stability in results and speed were achieved by selecting the appropriate reservoir-to-surface-network balancing frequency and leveraging the power of multicore hardware.

The sequence of network and guide rate balancing can over-constrain some of the high-capacity groups by a higher THP limit. To avoid this, a nested approach is presented that includes an additional network balancing step that is solved by IPRs based on guide rate balancing, which allows reducing the THP limit and prolongs the plateau rate. Based on this field example, integrated modeling has proved to bring value by providing more accurate profiles and debottlenecking of surface facilities.
New Approaches to Gas Condensate Field Development in Uzbekistan
Authors: Nazarov Azizbek , Ten Igor , Iskra Artyom , Kryuchkova Tatyana , Golovatskiy Yury , Gryaznov Andrey , Ishimov Ivan
Published: October 2018

The paper considers new approaches to further development of mature gas-condensate fields, which are aimed at the maximum recovery of in-place reserves using the systems of horizontal wells. The gas-hydrodynamic simulations on the sector model of a depleted field were performed.

Analysis of geological features of the fields of Uzbekistan is crucial to the planning of horizontal wells. As an example of how geological features are taken into account for effective further development of the fields, the reservoirs of Amudarya oil-and-gas basin are described.

The questions of geosteering, well targeting along the formation and optimum completion of horizontal and multilateral wells, including with the use of inflow control devices, are addressed.

Studies found the appropriateness of the operation of horizontal wells in comparison with vertical wells, which have several technological and economic advantages, such as the cost of such wells, simplified system of surface facilities, production rate as fraction of in-place gas reserves.
The Application of Formation Microimager and Wireline Formation Tester for Characterization of Coalbed Methane Reservoirs
Authors: Ramatullayev Samat , Charupa Mikhail , Mendybayev Nurhat , Valiakhmetov Rustem , Seilov Yerlan , Kurmangaliyev Daulet , Zhaldayev Nurgali
Published: October 2018

Logging wells drilled in coalbed methane reservoirs (CBM) is a common practice in the industry. As a rule of thumb, the logging suite comprised of standard methods is run to identify coal layers for subsequent degasification. However, given the increased popularity of the commercial methane production from CBM reservoirs, the petrophysical data from standard methods is not sufficient to evaluate the productivity of deposits and to assess the effectiveness of such projects.

The permeability of the coal matrix is usually non-existent. The natural fractures are key controlling factor for gas migration and the performance of a CBM reservoirs depends largely on this parameter. In this study formation microimager was used to identify fractured intervals and based on these results the most promising intervals were selected for further testing.

The well testing of low permeability formations can be extremely difficult due to the long build-up times to achieve different flow regimes. This step can be optimized by deploying wireline formation tester to estimate the permeability of the coal layers in open hole.

Innovative extended spacing dual packer configuration of the wireline formation tester was deployed to selectively test coal layers ranging from 1 to 9 m deposited at shallow depths of 200-900 m. Fragile nature of the coal seams often resulted in washouts, which presented some challenges while inflating the packers to isolate the interval. Several cycles of fluid pumping were performed followed by pressure build-up periods until the radial flow regime was observed. Data processing and monitoring was carried out in real-time allowing to obtain high quality data and to optimize the operations.

Data acquired by formation microimager was used to perform facial analysis to determine depositional environment and to further aid in mapping the coal layers and for future well placement considerations. The knowledge about the depositional environment allows to predict the regions where coal layers are formed confined by the flooding areas.

The geological setting of the coal basin is made up of many coal layers of varying thickness deposited at depths of tens to hundreds of meters. The application of an advanced logging suite comprising of formation microimager and wireline formation tester allowed to selectively test the most promising coal layers. All the measurements were carried out in open hole at a drilling stage.
Challenges in Imaging a Highly Heterogeneous Carbonate Reservoir in a Complex Geological Setting
Authors: Spadavecchia Emmanuel , Varvara Ioana , Cella Giovanni , Magistroni Corrado
Published: October 2018

This paper describes workflow and results of an imaging project carried out on a seismic survey on the Karachaganak field, located on-shore Kazakhstan. The aim of the study is to gain a deep understanding of the reservoir architecture and reduce the uncertainties of the model. The business driver is to support the reservoir modeling for the next field development phase.

Karachaganak is a mature oil and gas field, within the Pricaspian basin. The reservoir is an isolated heterogeneous carbonate bank, Permo-Carboniferous in age, ranging from four thousand to six thousand meters of depth. An evaporite layer serves as seal. The overburden is a clastic basin surrounded by four huge allochthonous salt diapirs.

Given the high complexity of the area under investigation Reverse Time Migration was the most suitable algorithm for handling sharp velocity contrasts and to image sub-salt targets with a high accuracy and definition. A detailed interpretation of the reservoir and overburden horizons guided a geological based seismic velocity model building. Moreover, an innovative tomographic approach was able to both constrain seismic anisotropy and honor well markers simultaneously.

The involvement of structural geologists is part of a regular procedure when embedding salt tectonics into the geophysical model is crucial. Indeed, the interpretation of the complex salt geometry was of paramount importance for the success of the project. Furthermore, leveraging on the available computational capacity, testing multiple scenarios in very short time allowed supporting the QA and QC processes, reducing the uncertainties in the most challenging areas.

The final high-resolution image is consistent with well data, logs and cores, matching more than one thousand markers. A clear image of the inner reservoir reveals seismic stratigraphic features previously hidden. The combination of cutting-edge imaging technology, running on the best in class industrial supercomputer in the world, the expertise in geoscience and the commitment of a multidisciplinary team were the key factor to achieve these results.

This work does not represent the current shared JV view on the subject.
An Economical and Technical Analysis of Oil and Gas Resources of Central Asia under Demand and Supply Dynamics of World Hydrocarbon Production
Authors: Temizel Cenk , Canbaz Celal Hakan , Palabiyik Yildiray , Moreno Raul , Najy Anas K. , Xie Jianyu , Wang Hongsheng , Ranjith Rahul , Mofti Mohamed , Mukanov Adil
Published: October 2018

Central Asia has become one of the energy hubs in the world with latest significant discoveries including but not limited to Kashagan, Tengiz, Karachaganak, Azeri-Chirag-Guneshli fields. Geographical and political dynamics of the Central Asian countries help the countries to stand out as a significant stable and sustainable source of energy in the region with great resources of supply and low domestic demand. This study outlines economic and technical analysis of oil and gas resources of central Asia under demand and supply dynamics of world hydrocarbon production. A comprehensive literature review has been carried out to investigate the basins and major oil and gas fields of the region, their development from the beginning, the technologies utilized, types of recovery processes, supply capabilities and potential of future supply are addressed. Real field applications are illustrated with applications in different parts of the region with challenges, advantages and drawbacks discussed and summarized in comparison to other major energy hubs of the world and their major oil and gas fields and basins. Central Asia is a relatively young and dynamic region with growth potential of harnessing the great and relatively new resources. Due to the political and geopolitical dynamics of the region, Central Asia serves as a strong and stable provider of energy obtained from fossil fuels. Low domestic demand in the region makes it more attractive in terms of the amount of export potential. There is no recent up-to-date study that investigates and outlines not only the technical characteristics of fields, reservoirs and basins in the region but also the demand/supply dynamics of the resources in the regions as they compare to the other major energy hubs in the world. This study comparatively outlines the key elements of successful applications in the region along with the lessons learned from challenges as well as the current and near-future potential of Central Asia as an energy hub in the world.
Characterization of Key Quality Factors of Highly Argillaceous and Naturally Fractured Paleozoic Carbonate Deposits with Complex Tectonic Setting South Turgai Basin, Kazakhstan
Authors: Mukanov Adil , Zhang Chenkai , Sagynbayev Almat , Kuvanyshev Amir , Shaikhina Dana , Akashev Yernur
Published: October 2018

With decreasing potential of more common Mesozoic reservoirs, Paleozoic formations within the South Torgai basin are becoming more attractive explorational targets. However, complexity of the internal structure, variation of depositional environments and rock types of these formations makes the process of reservoir characterization extremely difficult for exploration, further well placement and field development planning. Natural fractures complicate the reservoir dynamic behavior even more, resulting in very diverse well performance and high watercut across the field.

In this study, we try to reveal the reservoir nature, distribution and properties by integrating seismic, wellbore and regional geological data. The study is based on the data of Bulak oil field. Operated by PetroKazakhstan Kumkol Resources JSC, this is a unique oil field producing from Carboniferous reservoirs within the Aksay horst of the Aryskum trough. Considering well penetration intervals are limited to pay zones, the complex internal reservoir structure and properties were characterized by integration of methods such as seismic chromatic geology extraction, seismic inversion, volumetric petrophysical modeling, regional stress analysis, 3D static and dynamic modeling (DPDP) and others.

As a result of the study, different conclusions were made regarding the structure, distribution and properties of the main reservoirs, development of different fracture types and resulting dynamic field behavior. Compressional regime in the Late Paleozoic - Early Mesozoic eras and associated structures were identified and mapped; two main trends defining the reservoir architecture were identified: uplift of the whole section towards the North and the tectonic forces that created and overturned fault blocks to the Southwest; general decrease of carbonate content and increase of shaliness from Early to Late Carboniferous were observed; abundance of near-vertical open fractures in the Northern part of the field (as opposed to lower dips and possible mineralization of fractures in the Southern part) was identified and modelled; main hydrocarbon bearing rock types were described and attempts to identify them across the field were made.

Being one of the first fields commercially producing from Paleozoic rocks of the Torgai basin, Bulak revealed a lot of information that is being used for further exploration in the area. Different field feature trends can be extended to neighbor blocks and existing data can be used as analogues, especially based on seismic features where no wells are drilled yet.
Productive Reservoirs Discovery in Basement Rocks Using Geophysical and Geological Data
Authors: Sharipov Zhandos
Published: October 2018

Nowadays, more attention is paid to the search for oil and gas deposits of the basement reservoirs. Deep wells are being drilled onshore, offshore and in the deeper parts of the seas, methods for interpreting the well logging data of unconventional reservoirs have been developed. The search for oil and gas reservoirs in the basement rocks continuously provides progress in the processing of exploration data (seismic, gravimetric, magnetic surveys), as well as in interpreting these data, drilling deep wells in high-temperature zones providing a detailed study of the well space, for example, fractures according to the formation microimager.

According to the world statistics, the distribution of the explored reserves of oil and gas in the fields with basement reservoirs is 80% for granitoids, 11% for metamorphic rocks, 6% for igneous rocks and 3% for others. In total, more than 450 basin deposits are known with commercial reserves of oil, gas and condensate in 54 petroleum basins of the world (Gavrilov et.al., 2010). Most of the oil and gas deposits in the basement rocks belongs to the granitoid type of the reservoir such as the oilfields of Vietnam (Bach Ho, Dragon, Ruby, Bavi), oilfields of the Gulf of Suez, USA (Panhandle-Hugoton), Venezuela (La Paz) etc. The only example in Kazakhstan is the Oimasha Field.

In the framework of this article, the author analyzed the formation and methods of detection of granitoid prospects based on the study of world basement oilfields.
Managing Wells with Flow Assurance in the Karachaganak Field for Sustainable Production: Transient Simulation Modelling, a Viable Tool
Authors: Burmantsev Ruslan , Gabdullin Daniyar , Kushkumbayeva Gulmira , Adeleke Justus , Saada Tamer , Burrafato Giovanni , Brancolini Alberto , Sirenova Gulzat
Published: October 2018

The flow assurance issues that will be subject of this paper are hydrates and wax. The primary objective and scope of this paper is to present the application of transient multiphase flow simulator as an aid to predicting production system performance associated with solids deposition in tubing and flow line in the Karachaganak field. The secondary objective is to be able to provide proactive solutions using modelling for results to prevent production losses.

Hydrates and wax deposition are key flow assurance challenges encountered in the Karachaganak field. The methodology employed in this study covers building up the complete model in dynamic multiphase flow simulator – Transient Simulation Model®, which includes wells and flow line. Multiflash PVT package's application includes the capability to build the fluid models and calculate hydrate/wax, precipitation curves. The well performance is matched to production liquid flowrate, wellhead temperature and plugging time to understand solids deposition rate and deposition envelope.

The simulation results show that no hydrate deposition occurred in tubing but fluid temperature drops below the hydrate formation temperature some ~ 400m from the wellhead into flow line without the application of thermodynamic inhibition. The differential temperature between hydrate formation temperature and fluid temperature (DTHYD) must be above zero for hydrate to form. The effects of methanol pumping in batch and continuous mode at different ambient temperatures provided information on the frequency and volume of proactive treatment. This paper presents the impact of seasonal weather variation on hydrate deposition.

The simulation results of wax deposition model show that wax deposition occurs inside the flow line as well as inside the tubing. Wax deposition in flow line occurs at an ambient temperature from -25°C to 0°C, while wax deposition in tubing occurs at an ambient temperature of -30° C and below. Proactive intervention by pumping mixture of organic solvent and methanol to remove wax and hydrate plugs, following observation of a drop in the slot/manifold temperature or increase in flow line pressure, has increased uptime in wells by 70%.

The scenario of heater installation with an outlet temperature of 65° C at the wellhead showed significant wax deposition reduction. Transient dynamic multiphase flow simulator is a useful tool in reproducing plugging behaviour observed in a well and flow line. The results of simulation enabled a proactive scheduling of chemical injection treatment. This is the first application of modelling approach used within management of flow assurance issues in the Karachaganak field.
Astrocytic α7 Nicotinic Receptor Activation Inhibits Amyloid-β Aggregation by Upregulating Endogenous αB-crystallin through the PI3K/Akt Signaling Pathway
Authors: Ren Zhenkui , Yang Mei , Guan Zhizhong , Yu Wenfeng
Published: October 2018

Background:

β-amyloid (Aβ) aggregation plays an important role in the pathogenesis of Alzheimer’s
disease (AD), and astrocytes can significantly inhibit Aβ aggregation. Astrocytic α7 Neuronal
Nicotinic Acetylcholine Receptor (nAChR) upregulation detected in the AD brains is closely associated
with Aβ deposits. However, the relationships between the astrocytic α7 nAChRs and Aβ aggregation
remain unclear.

Methods:

The Aβ oligomers levels in astrocytic cell lysates and culture medium were measured after
treatment with nicotine or co-treatment with a Phosphatidylinositol 3-Kinase (PI3K)-protein kinase B
(Akt) inhibitor. The level of αB-Crystallin (Cryab) in astrocytes treated with nicotine for different times
or co-treated with α7 nAChR antagonists as well as co-incubated with a PI3K or mitogen-activated protein
kinase kinase 1/2 (MEK1/2) inhibitor was determined by western blotting.

Results:

In this study, nicotine pre-treatment in primary astrocytes markedly inhibited Aβ aggregation
and upregulated endogenous astrocytic Cryab, while the nicotine-mediated neuroprotective effect was
reversed by pre-treatment with a selective α7 nAChR antagonist. Furthermore, this neuroprotection
against Aβ aggregation was suppressed by LY294002, a PI3K inhibitor. Pre-treatment with nicotine significantly
increased the levels of phosphorylated Akt, an effector of PI3K in astrocytes.

Conclusion:

α7 nAChR activation and PI3K/Akt signaling transduction contributed to nicotinemediated
neuroprotection against Aβ aggregation by modulating endogenous astrocytic Cryab.
Current State of Saliva Biomarkers for Aging and Alzheimer’s Disease
Authors: François Maxime , Bull Caroline F. , Fenech Michael F. , Leifert Wayne R.
Published: October 2018

Introduction: Aging is the primary risk factor for major human pathologies, including cancer, diabetes, cardiovascular diseases, and neurodegenerative diseases such as Alzheimer’s Disease (AD). AD is a progressive degenerative disorder of the brain and is the most common form of dementia.

Methods:

To-date no simple, inexpensive and minimally invasive procedure is available to confirm with certainty the early diagnosis of AD prior to the manifestations of symptoms characteristic of the disease. Therefore, if population screening of individuals is to be performed, easily accessible tissues would need to be used for a diagnostic test that would identify those who exhibit altered or aberrant aging profiles that may be indicative of AD risk, so that they can be prioritized for primary prevention. This need for minimally invasive tests could be achieved by targeting saliva, since it is now well recognized that many aging diseases including AD are associated with peripheral biomarkers that are not only restricted to pathology and biomarkers within the brain.

Results:

Therefore, the aim of this review is to summarize some of the main findings of salivary biomarkers of aging and AD; including various proteins, metabolites, and alterations to DNA and miRNA. The future of healthy aging resides in innovative platforms, biosensors and point-of-care devices that can extract real time information on the health status of an individual. Those platforms may be achieved through the development and validation of novel biomarkers of health using saliva which, although being the least explored for biomedical purposes, has the distinct advantage that it can be self-collected in a non-invasive manner.
Visual Event-Related Potentials in Mild Cognitive Impairment and Alzheimer’s Disease: A Literature Review
Authors: Morrison Cassandra , Rabipour Sheida , Taler Vanessa , Sheppard Christine , Knoefel Frank
Published: October 2018

Background:

Cognitive deficits are correlated with increasing age and become more pronounced for people with mild cognitive impairment (MCI) and dementia caused by Alzheimer’s disease (AD). Conventional methods to diagnose cognitive decline (i.e., neuropsychological testing and clinical judgment) can lead to false positives. Tools such as electroencephalography (EEG) offer more refined, objective measures that index electrophysiological changes associated with healthy aging, MCI, and AD.

Objective:

We sought to review the EEG literature to determine whether visual event-related potentials (ERPs) can distinguish between healthy aging, MCI, and AD.

Method: We searched Medline and PyscInfo for articles published between January 2005 and April 2018. Articles were considered for review if they included participants aged 60+ who were healthy older adults or people with MCI and AD, and examined at least one visually elicited ERP component.

Results:

Our search revealed 880 records, of which 34 satisfied the inclusion criteria. All studies compared cognitive function between at least two of the three groups (healthy older adults, MCI, and AD). The most consistent findings related to the P100 and the P3b; while the P100 showed no differences between groups, the P3b showed declines in amplitude in MCI and AD.

Conclusion:

Visually elicited ERPs can offer insight into the cognitive processes that decline in MCI and AD. The P3b may be useful in identifying older adults who may develop MCI and AD, and more research should examine the sensitivity and specificity of this component when diagnosing MCI and AD.