bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Does option complexity contribute to the framing effect, loss aversion, and delay discounting in younger and older adults?
Authors: Zilker Veronika , Pachur Thorsten
Published: December 2020

Recent findings suggest that the commonly observed preference for a safe over a risky option, which is more pronounced in older than in younger adults, is largely driven by differences in the complexity of those options. Here we examine whether option complexity also contributes to the emergence of the framing effect and loss aversion in risky choice as well as to delay discounting in intertemporal choice. All of these phenomena tend to be measured with choice problems that involve options differing in complexity. We also examine whether option complexity contributes to potential age differences in these phenomena. In each paradigm, we experimentally increased the complexity of the simpler option, thus reducing differences in the complexity of the options. We found no evidence for an effect of this manipulation on the framing effect nor on participants' preferences in the loss aversion task. On average, participants did not show loss aversion. Increasing the complexity of the option with an immediate reward in the intertemporal choice task made younger, but unexpectedly not older, adults less likely to choose this option. Our results thus indicate that preferences in tasks typically used to measure the framing effect, loss aversion, and delay discounting are only little affected by differences in option complexity.
Videoconferencing at home for psychotherapy in the postpartum period: Identifying drivers of successful engagement and important therapeutic conditions for meaningful use
Authors: Hensel Jennifer M. , Yang Rebecca , Vigod Simone N. , Desveaux Laura
Published: December 2020

Purpose

Virtual care has almost become the norm since COVID‐19 mandated social distancing. Prior, the use of personal videoconferencing was being explored as an appealing option to overcome barriers to care, but little was studied about how we should do it and for whom. This study aimed to answer these questions for women receiving psychotherapy in the postpartum period when there are significant barriers to attending office‐based care.

Methods

Twelve postpartum women who had the option to attend their psychotherapy sessions for the treatment of mood and/or anxiety symptoms via videoconferencing over a 3‐month time period were interviewed about their experience. The three therapists providing care were also interviewed early in adoption of the virtual treatment and at the end of the study. Thematic analysis was conducted to identify themes for the initial and ongoing engagement with videoconferencing, which were triangulated with therapist input.

Findings

Major themes which emerged related to (a) initial willingness to engage with videoconferencing, (b) technological compatibility, and (c) a good patient fit, with positive and negative influencers for each. Therapeutic considerations were identified, including (a) an initial in‐person meeting when possible, (b) matching the therapy format to the clinical situation, (c) attention to the home environment, and (d) a clear therapy frame.

Conclusions

Therapists should consider that videoconferencing might not be appropriate for every patient; but in the right context and with appropriate therapeutic considerations, offering this treatment format may actually facilitate an individual's recovery. These findings can help to inform the future delivery of videoconferencing psychotherapy.
Arts for the Blues: The development of a new evidence‐based creative group psychotherapy for depression
Authors: Omylinska‐Thurston Joanna , Karkou Vicky , Parsons Ailsa , Nair Kerry , Dubrow‐Marshall Linda , Starkey Jennifer , Thurston Scott , Dudley‐Swarbrick Irene , Sharma Surina
Published: December 2020

Introduction

Depression affects many adults in the UK, often resulting in referral to primary care mental health services (e.g. improving access to psychological therapies, IAPT). CBT is the main modality for depression within IAPT, with other approaches offered in a limited capacity. Arts psychotherapies are rarely provided despite their attractiveness to clients. However, the recent dropout rate of 64% within IAPT suggests that clients’ needs are not being fully met. Therefore, in order to expand clients’ choice we developed a new creative psychological therapy integrating evidence‐based approaches with arts psychotherapies.

Method

A three‐level approach was used: (a) thematic synthesis of client‐identified helpful factors in evidence‐based approaches for depression and in arts psychotherapies; (b) studio practice exploring Cochrane Review findings on arts psychotherapies for depression; (c) pilot workshops for clients with depression and therapists.

Findings and Discussion

Eight key ingredients for positive therapy outcomes were identified: encouraging active engagement, learning skills, developing relationships, expressing emotions, processing at a deeper level, gaining understanding, experimenting with different ways of being and integrating useful material. These ingredients were brought together as Arts for the Blues for clients with depression: a 12‐session evidence‐based pluralistic group psychotherapy integrating creative methods as well as talking therapy.

Conclusion

The evidence‐based foundation, creative content and pluralistic nature of this new approach aligned with eight client‐identified key ingredients for positive therapy outcomes make it a promising therapy option that can be adapted to individual therapy. Implications include consideration for NICE approval as an additional therapy for depression.
Fractional flow reserve guided versus angiographic guided surgical revascularization: A meta‐analysis
Authors: Bruno Francesco , D'Ascenzo Fabrizio , Marengo Giorgio , Manfredi Roberto , Saglietto Andrea , Gallone Guglielmo , Franchin Luca , Piroli Francesco , Angelini Filippo , De Filippo Ovidio , Conrotto Federico , Omedè Pierluigi , Montefusco Antonio , Pennone Mauro , Boffini Massimo , Pocar Marco , Rinaldi Mauro , De Ferrari Gaetano Maria
Published: December 2020

Background

Clinical benefits of FFR (Fraction Flow Reserve) driven CABG (Coronary Artery Bypass Graft) remain to be established.

Methods

All randomized controlled trials (RCTs) and observational studies with multivariable adjustement were included. MACE (Major Adverse Cardiac Events) was the primary end point, while its single components (death, myocardial infarction, and total vessel revascularization [TVR]) along with number of anastomoses, on pump procedures and graft occlusion at angiographic follow‐up were the secondary ones. Each analysis was stratified for RCTs versus observational studies.

Results

Four studies (two RCTs and two observational) were included, enrolling 983 patients, 542 angio‐guided and 441 FFR‐guided. Mean age was 68.45 years, 79% male, with a mean EuroSCORE I of 2.7. Coronary lesions were located in 37% of patients in the left anterior descending artery, 32% in the circumflex artery, and 26% in the right coronary artery. After a mean follow‐up of 40 months, risk of MACE did not differ (OR 0.86 [0.63–1.18]) as that of all cause death (OR 0.86 [0.59–1.25]), MI (OR 0.57 [0.30–1.11]) and TVR (OR 1.10 [0.65–1.85]). FFR‐driven CABG reduced on‐pump procedures (OR 0.58 [0.35–0.93]) and number of anastomoses (−0.40 [−0.80: −0.01]) while incidence of graft occlusion at follow‐up did not differ (OR 0.59 [0.30–1.15], all CI 95%).

Conclusion

Fraction flow reserve driven CABG reduced the number of anastomoses and of on‐pump procedures without increasing risk of MACE and without reducing graft occlusion at angiographic follow‐up. ID CRD42020211945.
Activating CoMoS with CoP3 Phase for High‐efficient Hydrogen Evolution Reaction in Acidic Condition
Authors: Du Yunmei , Wang Wensi , Zhao Huimin , Jiang Xianliang , Liu Yanru , Chen Ruixin , Yang Bo , Wang Lei
Published: December 2020

Currently, the construction of heterostructures to optimize electrocatalytic activities is a hot research topic, since there is still a certain gap between the electrocatalytic properties of these heterostructures and that of Pt/C. With this in mind, we utilized in‐situ vapor‐phase phosphorization‐sulfurization to obtain the CoP3/MoS2−Co0.75Mo3S3.75 (CoP/CoMoS, for short) heterostructure on carbon cloth (CC), which exhibits Pt‐like electrocatalytic performance and excellent stability in acid electrolyte. Activated by CoP3 active phase, the electronic configuration of CoMoS and the adsorption energy of H* (▵GH*) are greatly optimized. Meanwhile, the rapid oxidation of CoMoS phase can be effectively avoided under the protection of CoP3 layer. This work provides a reference for the design of heterostructures and their mechanism of action in electrocatalysis.
An adaptive on‐demand charging scheme for rechargeable wireless sensor networks
Authors: Chen Zhansheng , Shen Hong , Wang Tingmei , Zhao Xiaofan
Published: December 2020

In view of the stability and reliability of energy supply, distinct from the time‐varying and uncertainty of energy harvesting systems, adopting mobile vehicles to replenish energy of sensors has become a research hotspot. While some existing studies on the mobile recharging problem ignored the limited energy capacity carried by mobile vehicle and the difference in energy consumption rates of sensors, in this work, we propose an adaptive real‐time on‐demand charging scheduling scheme that maximizes energy efficiency (CSS‐MEE) for Rechargeable Wireless Sensor Networks. In CSS‐MEE, we aim to achieve a compromise between maximizing charging energy efficiency and maximizing charging throughput for solving the on‐demand mobile charging problem. Due to the limited energy capacity of the mobile charger, CSS‐MEE uses both full‐charge mode and adaptive charging mode, depending on the number of charging requests. It combines charging node selection with dispatch path feasibility determination, which takes into account the location‐generated charging cost and energy‐driven charging priority, to ensure the charging efficiency. Extensive simulations are conducted to demonstrate the advantages of CSS‐MEE. Compared with existing approaches, simulation results show that CSS‐MEE achieves better performance in terms of charging throughput, average charging latency, charge scheduling times, and charging efficiency.
LibreSocial: A peer‐to‐peer framework for online social networks
Authors: Graffi Kalman , Masinde Newton
Published: December 2020

Distributed online social networks (DOSNs) were first proposed to solve the problem of privacy, security, and scalability. A significant amount of research was undertaken to offer viable DOSN solutions that were capable of competing with the existing centralized OSN applications such as Facebook, LinkedIn, and Instagram. This research led to the emergence of the use of peer‐to‐peer (P2P) networks as a possible solution, upon which several OSNs such as LifeSocial.KOM, Safebook, PeerSoN among others were based. In this article, we define the basic requirements for an P2P OSN. We then revisit one of the first P2P‐based OSNs, LifeSocial.KOM, that is now called LibreSocial, which evolved in the past years to address the challenges of running a completely decentralized social network. Over the course of time, several essential new technologies have been incorporated within LibreSocial for better functionalities. In this article we describe the architecture and each individual component of LibreSocial and point out how LibreSocial meets the basic requirements for a fully functional distributed OSN.
OIG finds about $17 million in improper costs in HRSA mental health grants
Authors: Knopf Alison
Published: December 2020

As if the mental health services field doesn't have enough problems with understaffing, taxpayer funds that were supposed to go to public mental health services were squandered, a recent audit has found.
Innate lymphoid cell composition associates with COVID‐19 disease severity
Authors: García Marina , Kokkinou Efthymia , Carrasco García Anna , Parrot Tiphaine , Palma Medina Laura M , Maleki Kimia T , Christ Wanda , Varnaitė Renata , Filipovic Iva , Ljunggren Hans‐Gustaf , Björkström Niklas K , Folkesson Elin , Rooyackers Olav , Eriksson Lars I , Sönnerborg Anders , Aleman Soo , Strålin Kristoffer , Gredmark‐Russ Sara , Klingström Jonas , Mjösberg Jenny ,   the Karolinska KI/K COVID‐19 Study Group
Published: December 2020

Objectives

The role of innate lymphoid cells (ILCs) in coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID‐19), caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS‐CoV‐2), is unknown. Understanding the immune response in COVID‐19 could contribute to unravel the pathogenesis and identification of treatment targets. Here, we describe the phenotypic landscape of circulating ILCs in COVID‐19 patients and identified ILC phenotypes correlated to serum biomarkers, clinical markers and laboratory parameters relevant in COVID‐19.

Methods

Blood samples collected from moderately (n = 11) and severely ill (n = 12) COVID‐19 patients, as well as healthy control donors (n = 16), were analysed with 18‐parameter flow cytometry. Using supervised and unsupervised approaches, we examined the ILC activation status and homing profile. Clinical and laboratory parameters were obtained from all COVID‐19 patients, and serum biomarkers were analysed with multiplex immunoassays.

Results

Innate lymphoid cells were largely depleted from the circulation of COVID‐19 patients compared with healthy controls. Remaining circulating ILCs revealed decreased frequencies of ILC2 in severe COVID‐19, with a concomitant decrease of ILC precursors (ILCp) in all patients, compared with controls. ILC2 and ILCp showed an activated phenotype with increased CD69 expression, whereas expression levels of the chemokine receptors CXCR3 and CCR4 were significantly altered in ILC2 and ILCp, and ILC1, respectively. The activated ILC profile of COVID‐19 patients was associated with soluble inflammatory markers, while frequencies of ILC subsets were correlated with laboratory parameters that reflect the disease severity.

Conclusion

This study provides insights into the potential role of ILCs in immune responses against SARS‐CoV‐2, particularly linked to the severity of COVID‐19.
Retracted: Investigation of maximum observability of standard test bus systems with phasor measurement units using flower pollination algorithm
Authors: Sudha Ramachandran , Murali Duraisamy
Published: December 2020

The novel and optimal phasor measurement unit (PMU) observability has been attained based on the flower pollination algorithm (FPA). The prime objective is to select the optimal bus for placing the PMU to maximize the number of bus observance in the system. Many optimization techniques have been developed with an aim to optimize the PMU's required quantity with attaining full observability of the network. This paper proposes a new technique of modified FPA, which reduces the computation time and achieves greater accuracy. This approach also helps in achieving the maximum observability of power system based on choosing the optimum buses to place the PMUs. The proposed algorithm would be best suited and offers highly accurate results when analyzing the system for maximum observability with the minimum number of allotted PMUs. The FPA algorithm is implemented on standard IEEE 14 bus, IEEE 30 bus, and IEEE 118 bus systems. The proposed FPA algorithm outperforms other evolutionary algorithms. It yields better overall performance than other algorithm methods, in terms of the minimum number of PMUs with maximum observability, including contingency analysis.
A refined panel of 42 microsatellite loci to universally genotype catarrhine primates
Authors: Trede Franziska , Kil Niels , Stranks James , Connell Andrew Jesse , Fischer Julia , Ostner Julia , Schülke Oliver , Zinner Dietmar , Roos Christian
Published: December 2020

Microsatellite genotyping is an important genetic method for a number of research questions in biology. Given that the traditional fragment length analysis using polyacrylamide gel or capillary electrophoresis has several drawbacks, microsatellite genotyping‐by‐sequencing (GBS) has arisen as a promising alternative. Although GBS mitigates many of the problems of fragment length analysis, issues with allelic dropout and null alleles often remain due to mismatches in primer binding sites and unnecessarily long PCR products. This is also true for GBS in catarrhine primates where cross‐species amplification of loci (often human derived) is common.

We therefore redesigned primers for 45 microsatellite loci based on 17 available catarrhine reference genomes. Next, we tested them in singleplex and different multiplex settings in a panel of species representing all major lineages of Catarrhini and further validated them in wild Guinea baboons (Papio papio) using fecal samples.

The final panel of 42 microsatellite loci can efficiently be amplified with primers distributed into three amplification pools.

With our microsatellite panel, we provide a tool to universally genotype catarrhine primates via GBS from different sample sources in a cost‐ and time‐efficient way, with higher resolution, and comparability among laboratories and species.
Electrostatically induced voltage generated in ungrounded metal boxes and on a metal box when a charged body moves away from the box
Authors: Ichikawa Norimitsu , Mogi Masaaki
Published: December 2020

Electrical discharge and electrostatics are used for the industrial application of a copying machine and electrostatic spraying. However, the electrical discharge and electrostatics occasionally cause malfunction or failure of electronic equipment. When a human body moves in an office, it is electrified up to 10 kV or more. A microelectronic device used in the electronic equipment causes an error owing to the voltage of less than 10 V. When the charged human body moves near the electronic equipment, high induced voltage is generated in the metal box. Comprising electronic equipment, the box is occasionally used at the floating potential of an ungrounded condition. The induced voltage generated for the ungrounded metal box is higher than that generated for the grounded metal box. The results show that the induced voltage generated in an ungrounded metal box is 120% of the inverse polarity against a charged body when the charged body moves away from the box. The induced voltage generated in the ungrounded metal box is higher than that generated on the box. These results would be helpful in designing electronic equipment without malfunctions or failure.
Solvothermal Synthesis of Monodisperse Porous Zirconia Spheres with Large Surface Area
Authors: Kan Kai , Yamamoto Emi , Ohtani Masataka , Kobiro Kazuya
Published: December 2020

We developed non‐aggregated monodisperse ZrO2 porous spheres by a one‐pot single‐step solvothermal synthesis. A mixture of zirconium(IV) tetra‐n‐butoxide as a metal source and acetylacetone as an additive in ethanol was heated up to 300 °C in a 10 mL batch type reactor to yield perfectly monodisperse porous spheres of ZrO2 in almost quantitative yield with large surface area of 301 m2/g as well as nano‐concave‐convex surface structure. Especially, the concentration of acetylacetone was crucial in the reaction to form beautiful spheres. The reaction was easily scaled‐up to 500 mL autoclave scale yielding porous spheres with 244 m2/g specific surface area. The monodisperse ZrO2 porous spheres worked as an effective catalyst support comprising Ni nanoparticles, exhibiting in excellent dispersibility of the Ni nanoparticles. The resultant monodisperse ZrO2 porous spheres were tested as a catalyst for highly exothermic CO2 methanation, resulting in superior catalytic activity and thermal tolerance during repeated heating‐cooling cycles of three‐run tests.
Synthesis of Alkyne Metathesis Catalysts from Tris(dimethylamido)tungsten Precursors
Authors: Melcher Daniel , Àrias Òscar , Freytag Matthias , Jones Peter G. , Tamm Matthias
Published: December 2020

Benzylidyne tungsten systems bearing a combination of alkoxide and amide ligands were readily obtained by partial alcoholysis of amido‐supported tungsten complexes. Benzylidyne tris(dimethylamido)tungsten was treated with fluorinated alcohols Me2(CF3)COH, Me(CF3)2COH, and (CF3)3COH, and also with silanols (tBuO)3SiOH, and Ph3SiOH, all of which resulted in complexes of the type [PhC≡W(NHMe2)(NMe2)(OR)2]. Full displacement of the amido ligands was also achieved in [PhC≡W(NHMe2){OC(CF3)2Me}{OSi(O‐tBu)3}2] and [PhC≡W(NHMe2)(OSiPh3)3]. In addition, reaction of the three fluorinated alcohols with hexakis(dimethylamido)ditungsten yielded isomeric mixtures of bimetallic complexes [W2(NMe2)4(OR)2], which bear two electron‐donating ligands and one electron‐withdrawing ligand per tungsten atom. All amido‐substituted compounds are active in the self‐metathesis of 5‐benzyloxy‐2‐pentyne, although [W2(OR)2(NMe2)4] complexes require longer initiation times depending on the degree of fluorination of the tert‐butoxide ligand.
Controlling Cation‐Cation Interactions in Uranyl Coordination Dimers by Varying the Length of the Dicarboxylate Linker
Authors: Maurice Rémi , Dau Phuong D. , Hodée Maxime , Renault Eric , Gibson John K.
Published: December 2020

The chemistry of linear uranyl(V/VI) dioxo cations, [Oyl–U–Oyl]+/2+, is dominated by coordination of uranium in the equatorial plane. Effects of this constraint were evaluated by experiment and theory for gas‐phase mixed‐valence UV/VI coordination dimers in which uranyl moieties are linked by alkyl dicarboxylates, [(UO2+)(UO22+)(OOC‐(CH2)n‐2‐COO2–)2]– (n = 3–12). Faster O2‐addition to dimers with short linkers n = 3 and 4, vs. n ≥ 5, suggests a structural difference. Computed structures with the shortest linkers have bridging dicarboxylates and nearly parallel, non‐interacting uranyls. Longer linkers, n = 5–7, accommodate uranyl orientations with distinct UV–UVI end‐on cation‐cation interactions (CCIs), whereby Lewis base Oyl from UV coordinates to the acid UVI, denoted as UVOyl···UVI. The dimer structure for n = 8 has a UV–UVI side‐on diamond‐shape CCI, with UVOyl···UVI and UVIOyl···UV interactions. Addition of O2 to the n = 4 and 5 dimers yields [(UO22+)2(OOC‐(CH2)n‐2‐COO2–)2(O2–)]–, with UV oxidized to UVI and O2 reduced to O2–. Whereas O2 can associate to and oxidize the exposed UV center for dimers with n = 3 and 4, the more crowded UV site in the CCI structures inhibits O2 addition. The results demonstrate rational structural control of uranyl‐uranyl bonding and reactivity in small coordination complexes.
Endocyclic Enamides Derived from Aza‐Diketopiperazines as Olefin Partners in Povarov Reaction: An Access to Tetracyclic N‐Heterocycles
Authors: Maujean Timothé , Chataigner Isabelle , Girard Nicolas , Gulea Mihaela , Bonnet Dominique
Published: December 2020

Original endocyclic enamides based on a bicyclic aza‐diketopiperazine (aza‐DKP) structure have been used as dienophile partners in the Povarov reaction. The reported method represents a successful strategy for the structural diversification of the aza‐DKP scaffold, giving access to a new family of fused tetracyclic N‐heterocycles, which contain at least four nitrogen atoms in the heterocyclic structure. Depending on the nature of the aldehyde partner, the cycloadditions have been performed either as a two‐component or a three‐component Povarov reaction (2CPR or 3CPR), in the presence of BF3 as a Lewis acid catalyst. With aliphatic aldehydes the reaction proceeds with high diastereoselectivities in favor of the cis compounds. Some mechanistic aspects of this cycloaddition have been examined computationally.
Chitosan‐Silicon Phthalocyanine Conjugate as Effective Photo‐Functional Hydrogel for Tracking and Killing of Bacteria
Authors: Strokov Konstantin , Galstyan Anzhela
Published: December 2020

Hydrogels are attractive materials for many biomedical applications, including drug delivery and wound healing. A light‐triggered antibacterial activity can be conferred to the material with the introduction of appropriate photosensitizers (PS). In this study, we have synthesized water‐soluble silicon(IV)phthalocyanine derivative (SiPc) that contains four carboxylic groups on the periphery of the macrocycle. Obtained PS serves not only as an active chromophore but also as a cross‐linking gelator, enabling simple and easy synthesis of chitosan conjugate (SiPcCh). Although UV/Vis and fluorescence spectroscopic methods showed that both free and conjugated PS are non‐aggregated in water media, only SiPcCh possess remarkable antibacterial effect against Gram‐positive B. subtilis and Gram‐negative E. coli.
Diversified Syntheses of Tetrathia[7]helicenes by Metal‐Catalyzed Cross‐Coupling Reactions
Authors: Pelliccioli Valentina , Dova Davide , Baldoli Clara , Graiff Claudia , Licandro Emanuela , Cauteruccio Silvia
Published: December 2020

Efficient and versatile synthetic routes to functionalized tetrathia[7]helicenes (7‐THs) are described. The key intermediates of these methodologies are 2‐bromo‐3,3′‐bibenzo[1,2‐b:4,3‐b′]dithiophenes (1), synthesized through a palladium‐catalyzed homocoupling reaction between two benzo[1,2‐b:4,3‐b′]dithiophene units followed by a regioselective α‐bromination. Direct palladium‐catalyzed annulation of bromides 1 with internal alkynes provides a set of 7,8‐disubstituted 7‐THs 2 in moderate to good yields (46‐80 %). Otherwise, 7‐monosubstituted 7‐THs 4 have been prepared through Sonogashira coupling of 1 with terminal alkynes, followed by platinum‐ or indium‐promoted cycloisomerization of alkynyl intermediates 6. Finally, the versatility of bromides 1 has also been demonstrated by using them for the preparation of benzo (hetero) fused 7‐TH derivatives 7 via Suzuki coupling with (hetero)arylboronic acids and the photocyclization of the obtained intermediates 9.
CO2‐Controlled Reductive Amination Reactions with NaBH4
Authors: Petersen Allan R. , Lauridsen Jerik Mathew Valera , Lee Ji‐Woong
Published: December 2020

We report the use of CO2 to curb the reactivity of NaBH4 enabling its use in reductive amination reactions. CO2 readily reacts with NaBH4 to decrease its capacity to reduce aldehydes to alcohols while remaining able to reduce imines and iminium ions for desired alkylation reactions. The formation of NaBH(OCHO)3 as a reducing reagent was critical to achieve the desired selectivity. A general protocol was established for C–N bond formation reactions and replacing NaBH4 with NaBD4 allowed for reductive amination with concomitant deuteration to be carried out.
Hydroaminoalkylation/Buchwald‐Hartwig Amination Sequences for the Synthesis of Novel Thieno‐ or Benzothieno‐Annulated Tetrahydropyridines, Tetrahydroazasilines, and Tetrahydroazasilepines
Authors: Warsitz Michael , Rohjans Stefan H. , Schmidtmann Marc , Doye Sven
Published: December 2020

New two‐step procedures that include an initial regioselective intermolecular hydroaminoalkylation of 2‐allyl‐, 2‐allyldimethylsilyl‐, or 2‐dimethyl(vinyl)silyl‐substituted 3‐bromothiophenes or 3‐bromobenzothiophenes with secondary amines and a subsequent intramolecular Buchwald‐Hartwig amination give direct access to structurally novel bicyclic heterocycles including tetrahydrothienopyridines, tetrahydrothienoazasilines, tetrahydrobenzothienoazasilines, and tetrahydrobenzothienoazasilepines. The hydroaminoalkylation reaction is catalyzed by a mono(aminopyridinato) titanium complex which delivers the branched hydroaminoalkylation products or in the case of vinylsilyl‐substituted substrates, the use of a bis(aminopyridinato) titanium complex gives access to the linear regioisomers. While in the latter case, the hydroaminoalkylation products need to be purified prior to the palladium‐catalyzed amination step, all other two‐step sequences can be run as a one‐pot procedure.
Analysis of mutations in tumor and normal adjacent tissue via fluorescence detection
Authors: Kay Jennifer E. , Mirabal Sheyla , Briley William E. , Kimoto Takafumi , Poutahidis Theofilos , Ragan Timothy , So Peter T. , Wadduwage Dushan N. , Erdman Susan E. , Engelward Bevin P.
Published: December 2020

Inflammation is a major risk factor for many types of cancer, including colorectal. There are two fundamentally different mechanisms by which inflammation can contribute to carcinogenesis. First, reactive oxygen and nitrogen species (RONS) can damage DNA to cause mutations that initiate cancer. Second, inflammatory cytokines and chemokines promote proliferation, migration, and invasion. Although it is known that inflammation‐associated RONS can be mutagenic, the extent to which they induce mutations in intestinal stem cells has been little explored. Furthermore, it is now widely accepted that cancer is caused by successive rounds of clonal expansion with associated de novo mutations that further promote tumor development. As such, we aimed to understand the extent to which inflammation promotes clonal expansion in normal and tumor tissue. Using an engineered mouse model that is prone to cancer and within which mutant cells fluoresce, here we have explored the impact of inflammation on de novo mutagenesis and clonal expansion in normal and tumor tissue. While inflammation is strongly associated with susceptibility to cancer and a concomitant increase in the overall proportion of mutant cells in the tissue, we did not observe an increase in mutations in normal adjacent tissue. These results are consistent with opportunities for de novo mutations and clonal expansion during tumor growth, and they suggest protective mechanisms that suppress the risk of inflammation‐induced accumulation of mutant cells in normal tissue.
Study of Electrochemical and Crystallographic Changes During Initial Stabilization of La0.75Sr0.25Cr0.5Mn0.3Ni0.2O3−δ Reversible Solid Oxide Cell Electrode
Authors: Korjus O. , Aruväli J. , Paiste P. , Kooser K. , Granroth S. , Mändar H. , Kodu M. , Härmas R. , Maide M. , Ainsar M. , Lust E. , Nurk G.
Published: December 2020

The electrochemical and crystalline structure of mixed ionic‐electronic conductive La0.75Sr0.25Cr0.5Mn0.3Ni0.2O3–δ (LSCMN) electrode in porous scandia ceria stabilized zirconia (ScCeSZ) electrolyte matrix during the first 140 h has been studied in an operando XRD experiment. Intense degradation of electrochemical performance in a fuel cell as well as in electrolysis modes has been observed. However, the mechanism of the degradation was seen to be different for the two operation modes. The formation of the new ceramic phase was observed on the surface of the electrode using the Grazing incidence X‐ray diffraction at the pulsed laser deposited LSCMN model electrode. Instability of the LSCMN phase in the ScCeSZ matrix at SOFC working conditions has been demonstrated using the novel operando XRD technique. The decrease in wt.% of the LSCMN during degradation was approximately 27 ± 4.5%. A slow increase of the ScCeSZ lattice parameter was observed and attributed to the doping of electrolytes with some LSCMN components.
A reporter cell system for the triggering receptor expressed on myeloid cells 2 reveals differential effects of disease‐associated variants on receptor signaling and activation by antibodies against the stalk region
Authors: Ibach Melanie , Mathews Mona , Linnartz‐Gerlach Bettina , Theil Sandra , Kumar Sathish , Feederle Regina , Brüstle Oliver , Neumann Harald , Walter Jochen
Published: December 2020

The triggering receptor expressed on myeloid cells 2 (TREM2) is an immune receptor expressed on myeloid‐derived cell types. The extracellular immunoglobulin‐like domain of TREM2 binds anionic ligands including Apolipoprotein E and Amyloid‐β. The transmembrane domain interacts with its adaptor protein DAP12/TYROBP that is responsible for propagation of downstream signaling upon ligand interaction. Several sequence variants of TREM2 have been linked to different neurodegenerative diseases including Alzheimer's disease. Here, we generated HEK 293 Flp‐In cell lines stably expressing human TREM2 and DAP12 using a bicistronic construct with a T2A linker sequence allowing initial expression of both proteins in stoichiometric amounts. Cell biological and biochemical analyses revealed transport of TREM2 to the cell surface, and canonical sequential proteolytic processing and shedding of TREM2 (sTREM2). The functionality of this cell system was demonstrated by detection of phosphorylated spleen tyrosine kinase (SYK) upon stimulation of TREM2 with the anionic membrane lipid phosphatidylserine or anti‐TREM2 antibodies. Using this cell model, we demonstrated impaired signaling of disease associated TREM2 variants. We also identified a monoclonal antibody against the stalk region of TREM2 with agonistic activity. Activation of TREM2‐DAP12 signaling with the monoclonal antibody and the partial loss of function of disease associated variants were recapitulated in induced pluripotent stem cell derived microglia. Thus, this reporter cell model represents a suitable experimental system to investigate signaling of TREM2 variants, and for the identification of ligands and compounds that modulate TREM2‐DAP12 signaling.

MAIN POINTS

Disease associated variants impair the signaling activity of TREM2 by distinct mechanisms.

Targeting the stalk region of TREM2 with bivalent antibodies activates TREM2 signaling.
Utilisation of a brief tobacco smoking cessation intervention tool in public dental services
Authors: Bendotti Hollie , McGowan Kelly , Lawler Sheleigh
Published: December 2020

Issue addressed

Dental practitioners have an important opportunity to promote smoking cessation. This study aimed to determine how many smokers attended West Moreton Oral Health Service (WMOHS), completion rates for the standardised Smoking Cessation Pathway, and smoking cessation practices, confidence levels and attitudes of dental practitioners in WMOHS.

Methods

A mixed‐methods approach collected clinical and demographic data from a retrospective audit of WMOHS reports from 1 August 2017 to 31 July 2019 and a cross‐sectional survey of WMOHS dental practitioners. Logistic regression models determined factors associated with smoking status and delivery of the Pathway.

Results

Over 24 months, 14,919 courses of care (COC) were completed. Twenty‐five percent of patients identified as current smokers. The Pathway was delivered in 54% (n = 1999) of smokers’ COC, which was significantly associated with patient age (aOR 0.99 [CI 0.99, 0.99; P < .001]), Indigenous status (aOR 1.47 [CI 1.05, 2.08; P =.02]) and high socio‐economic status (aOR 1.41 [CI 1.06, 1.88; P =.02]). Practitioners identified lack of time and training as the main barriers to Pathway completion.

Conclusions

High‐risk populations for tobacco use are frequently utilising WMOHS, however not all patients who smoke received smoking cessation support. Understanding and addressing barriers to smoking cessation promotion in oral health care settings may improve general and oral health outcomes for patients.

So what?

Targeted training and utilisation of team‐based models of care may better enhance delivery and uptake of the Pathway within the public dental setting, thus improving services to a high‐need population and reducing smoking rates in priority populations.
Preparedness to deal with maternal mortality among obstetric providers at an urban tertiary hospital in Ghana
Authors: Lawrence Emma R. , Stabnick Anna , Arthur‐Komeh Johnny , Moyer Cheryl A. , Yeboah Michael
Published: December 2020

Objective

This study explores the impacts of managing frequent maternal mortalities on obstetric healthcare providers in Ghana.

Methods

Two hundred and seventy obstetric providers at the Komfo Anokye Teaching Hospital in Ghana completed an electronic survey. Questions included coping strategies, sources and adequacy of support, training, and emotional impact. Logistic regression assessed predictors of perceived preparedness to manage maternal mortalities.

Results

Over half of participants (55.1%) did not report adequate support to deal with maternal death and only 35.9% received training. The vast majority (96.4%) agreed that managing maternal deaths takes a large emotional toll—27.6% considered giving up their obstetric practice, half experienced guilt or shame, and half worried about legal or disciplinary action. After adjusting for age, gender, years in practice, and annual maternal mortalities managed, perceived adequacy of support (odds ratio [OR] 6.6, 95% confidence interval [CI] 3.0–14.7, P < 0.001) and receiving training (OR 9.5, 95% CI 3.5–25.8, P < 0.001) were significantly associated with preparedness to deal with maternal mortality.

Conclusion

Managing maternal mortalities has significant emotional impact on obstetric healthcare providers. Preparedness to deal with maternal death is significantly improved when providers receive adequate support and training.
The potential toxic effects of magnesium oxide nanoparticles and valproate on liver tissue
Authors: Mekky Gehad , Seeds Michael , Diab Abd E.‐A. A. , Shehata Ahmed M. , Ahmed‐Farid Omar A.‐H. , Alzebdeh Dalia , Bishop Colin , Atala Anthony
Published: December 2020

The liver is the main organ responsible for drug and xenobiotic metabolism and detoxification in the body. There are many antiepileptic drugs and nanoparticles that have been reported to cause serious untoward biological responses and hepatotoxicity. The aim of this study is to investigate the potential toxic effect of aspartic acid‐coated magnesium oxide nanoparticles (Mg nano) and valproate (valp) using an in vitro three‐dimensional (3D) human liver organoid model and an in vivo pentylenetetrazole (PTZ)‐induced convulsion model in rats. Here, 3D human liver organoids were treated with valp or valp + Mg nano for 24 h and then incubated with PTZ for an extra 24 h. As the in vivo model, rats were treated with valp, Mg nano, or valp + Mg nano for 4 weeks and then they were treated with PTZ for 24 h. Toxicity in the liver organoids was demonstrated by reduced cell viability, decreased ATP, and increased reactive oxygen species. In the rat convulsion model, results revealed elevated serum alanine aminotransferase and aspartate aminotransferase levels. Both the in vitro and in vivo data demonstrated the potential toxic effects of valp + Mg nano on the liver tissues.
Standardized Order Set Exhibits Surgeon Adherence to Pain Protocol in Pediatric Adenotonsillectomy
Authors: Studer Abbey , Billings Kathleen , Thompson Dana , Ida Jonathan , Rastatter Jeff , Patel Manisha , Huetteman Patricia , Hoeman Erin , Duggan Sarah , Mudahar Sukhraj , Birmingham Patrick , King Michael , Lavin Jennifer
Published: December 2020

Objectives/Hypothesis

To produce a sustained reduction in opioid prescriptions in patients <5 years of age undergoing T&A through utilization of standardized algorithms and electronic health record (EHR) automation tools.

Study Design

Prospective quality improvement initiative.

Methods

Plan‐do‐study‐act (PDSA) methodology was used to design an age‐based postoperative pain regimen in which children <5 years of age received a non‐opioid pain regimen, and option to prescribe oxycodone for additional pain relief was given for children >5 years of age. Standardized discharge instructions and automated, age‐specific order sets were created to facilitate adherence. Rate of discharge opioid prescription was monitored and balanced against post‐discharge opioid prescriptions and returns to the emergency department (ED).

Results

In children <5 years of age undergoing T&A, reduction in opioid prescription rates from 65.9% to 30.9% after initial implementation of the order set was noted. Ultimately, reduction of opioid prescribing rates to 3.7% of patients was noted after pain‐regimen consensus and EHR order set implementation. Opioid prescriptions in patients >5 years of age decreased from 90.6% to 58.1% initially, and then down 35.9% by the last time point analyzed. Requests for outpatient opioid prescriptions did not increase. There was no significant change in returns to the emergency ED for pain management, or in the number opioids prescribed when patients returned to the ED.

Conclusions

Iterative cycles of improvement utilizing standardized pain management algorithms and EHR tools were effective means of producing a sustained reduction in opioid prescriptions in postoperative T&A patients. Such findings suggest a framework for similar interventions in other pediatric otolaryngology settings.

Level of Evidence

4 Laryngoscope, 131:E2337–E2343, 2021
Catalyst‐Free Four‐Component Polymerization of Propiolic Acids, Benzylamines, Organoboronic Acids, and Formaldehyde toward Functional Poly(propargylamine)s
Authors: Wu Xiuying , Li Weizhang , Hu Rongrong , Tang Ben Zhong
Published: December 2020

Multicomponent polymerizations (MCPs) are a group of fascinating polymer synthesis approaches that are developed rapidly in the recent decade. As a popular alkyne‐based MCP, the A3‐polycouplings of alkynes, aldehydes, and amines are developed for the synthesis of poly(propargylamine)s under the catalysis of metal catalysts. In this work, through the design of carboxylic acid group‐activated alkyne monomers, a catalyst‐free, four‐component polymerization of propiolic acids, benzylamines, organoboronic acids, and formaldehyde is reported under mild condition at 45 °C in dichloroethane. This four‐component polymerization is applicable to different monomer structures, which can afford seven poly(propargylamine)s with up to 94% yields and molecular weights of up to 13 900 g mol−1. Moreover, the poly(propargylamine)s demonstrate good solubility and processibility, high thermal stability and light refractivity, unique photophysical property, and so on. The simple monomers, mild condition, low cost, high efficiency, and procedure simplicity of this catalyst‐free four‐component polymerization demonstrates an elegant example of functional polymer synthesis.
Conducting polymers in wearable devices
Authors: Mokhtar Siti Musliha Ajmal , Alvarez de Eulate Eva , Yamada Miko , Prow Tarl W. , Evans Drew R.
Published: December 2020

The biocompatibility of conducting polymer has seen remarkable advancement in numerous biomedical applications. The tuneable electrical property expressed by doping and de‐doping of the polymer has contributed to electrical controlled film in terms of volume and conductivity. Also, higher sensitivity specially for ionic molecules brings forward new prospective in bio/sensing. Meanwhile, wearable devices for healthcare monitoring are becoming more prominent due to remote, real‐time and continuous monitoring. The flexible and stretchable property of organic electronic, in this paper represented by conducting polymer, as compared to rigid, conventional conductor unleashes high potential of conducting polymer as platform for wearable sensing device. In this review, properties of conducting polymers adopted in wearable devices focusing on on‐skin sensing are elaborated. The contribution of conducting polymers in various sensing targets, mainly categorized by chemical, tactile and electrophysiological is discussed, followed by types of the wearable sensors. Overall, our aim was to lay broader understanding of incorporation of the polymer within wearable sensing devices.
How many offshore wind turbines does New England need?
Authors: Livingston Hannah G. , Lundquist Julie K.
Published: December 2020

The proliferation of countries and regions with 100% clean or renewable energy targets necessitates an analysis to determine the number of generating units and storage needed to meet real‐time electricity demand on the electric grid. The coastal areas of New England have the capacity to produce a large percentage of the region's energy needs with offshore wind turbines. Here we model offshore wind turbine power production data using MERRA‐2 reanalysis and lidar wind speed data sets. We compare this power production to the New England hourly grid demand over the course of one year. 2,000 10 MW offshore wind turbines could satisfy New England's grid demand for about 37% of the year. When combined with 55 GWh of storage, 2,000 turbines could satisfy grid demand for about 72% of the year.
Mathematical aspects of fluid–multiferroic solid interaction problems
Authors: Chkadua George , Natroshvili David
Published: December 2020

In the paper, we consider a three‐dimensional model of fluid–solid interaction when a thermo‐electro‐magneto‐elastic body occupying a bounded region Ω+ is embedded in an inviscid fluid occupying an unbounded domain
. In this case, we have a six‐dimensional thermo‐electro‐magneto‐elastic field (the displacement vector with three components, electric potential, magnetic potential, and temperature distribution function) in the domain Ω+, while we have a scalar acoustic pressure field in the unbounded domain Ω−. The physical kinematic and dynamic relations are described mathematically by appropriate boundary and transmission conditions. With the help of the potential method and theory of pseudodifferential equations, we prove the uniqueness and existence theorems for the corresponding boundary‐transmission problems in appropriate Sobolev‐Slobodetskii and Hölder continuous function spaces.
Understanding theoretical orientation and consequences of board interlock: Integration and future directions
Authors: Yoon Nara
Published: December 2020

Board interlock represents a phenomenon where organizations are connected via overlapping board members and executives. Board interlock is an important area of research in governance study because of its potential to impact governance outcomes through the flow of information, resources, and status. Despite its potential significance, the role of board interlock in governance has not been explicitly discussed in the nonprofit board governance literature. I review and synthesize corporate and nonprofit board governance literature and link this literature to the study of board interlock. Then, I review the extant literature on the antecedents and consequences of board interlock. I conclude by identifying gaps in the literature and proposing directions for future research.
Transition from hospital to home after elective colorectal surgery performed in an enhanced recovery program: An integrative review
Authors: Ruel Marie‐Christine , Ramirez Garcia Maria‐Pilar , Arbour Caroline
Published: December 2020

Aim

This study aimed to investigate the transition from hospital to home after elective colorectal surgery performed in an Enhanced Recovery After Surgery (ERAS) programme.

Design

An integrative review.

Methods

A search of ten electronic databases was conducted. Data extraction and quality assessment were performed independently by two authors. Data analysis and synthesis were based on Meleis’ Transitions Theory (2010).

Results

Forty‐two articles were included, and most (N = 27) were of good or very good quality. The researchers identified five categories to document the nature of transition postsurgery, three conditions affecting such transition, eleven indicators informing about the quality of the transition and several nursing interventions. Overall, this review revealed that the transition from hospital to home after ERAS colorectal surgery is complex. A holistic understanding of this phenomenon may help nurses to recognize what they need to do to optimize the in‐home recovery of this clientele.
Bone marrow necrosis in pediatric malignancies: 10‐Year retrospective review and review of literature
Authors: Lozano‐Chinga Michell , Draper Lauren , George Tracy I. , Agarwal Archana M. , Dansie David M. , Maese Luke
Published: December 2020

Bone marrow necrosis (BMN) is a rare pathologic finding, but when encountered is most often associated with malignancy. In adults, its presence correlates with an inferior prognosis, however in children the prognostic implication is unclear. We performed a retrospective review of 3,760 bone marrow specimens in patients ≤18 years over a 10‐year period. BMN was identified in less than 1% of specimens and only in patients with leukemia, lymphoma, or neuroblastoma. BMN contributed to a delay in diagnosis; however, advanced medical imaging may serve as a tool to localize nonnecrotic areas for bone marrow sampling, facilitating an expedited diagnosis.