bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Magnetic Properties and Crystal Structure of a Novel Di-μ-Formato-Bridged Binuclear Copper(II) Complex with 1,10-Phenanthroline
Authors: Tokii Tadashi , Watanabe Naofumi , Nakashima Michio , Muto Yoneichiro , Morooka Mitsuo , Ohba Shigeru , Saito Yoshihiko
Published: May 2006

A di-μ-formato-bridged binuclear copper(II) complex with 1,10-phenanthroline, [Cu(HCOO)(phen)(H2O)]2(NO3)2·4H2O, has been prepared and characterized by magnetic susceptibilities (80–300 K) and X-ray structure analysis. The magnetic data conform to the usual dimer equation with a singlet-triplet energy separation of −2J = 125 cm−1.
Oxygenation of Porphinatoiron(II) Complexes with Imidazole-Containing Glycerophosphocholines in Phospholipid Bilayers
Authors: Tsuchida Eishun , Hasegawa Etsuo , Chika Yuzuru , Babe Takeshi , Nishide Hiroyuki
Published: May 2006

Diacylgylecero-3-phosphocholine derivatives having an imidazole ligand at the terminal of an acyl-chain on the 2nd position of glycerol backbone were synthesized. The amphiphilic lignds formed lipid bilayers with phospholipids and the heme complexes gave oxygen complexes in water (pH 7.4) at 25 °C.
Interaction Mode Between Poly(acrylic acid) and Fe3+ Ions. Gelation Mechanism of the System
Authors: Yokoi Hiroshi , Nishi Hirotaka
Published: May 2006

The successful preparation of homogeneous gels from aqueous poly(acrylic acid) and Fe3+ systems is described first. It has been revealed by optical absorption, ESR, and magnetic susceptibility measurements that Fe3+ ions in the gels exist as clusters analogous to polynuclear basic iron(III) carboxylates.
Chiral Synthesis of Novel α-Yohimbane Alkaloids (−)-Nitraraine and (−)-Dihydronitraraine
Authors: Takano Seiichi , Samizu Kiyohiro , Sugihara Takumichi , Satoh Shigeki , Ogasawara Kunio
Published: May 2006

Chiral synthesis of α-yohimbane alkaloids (−)-nitraraine and (−)-dihydronitraraine has been achieved employing the Claisen–Cope rearrangement as the key step. Comparison of the physical and spectral data, however, did not establish identity between the synthetic and natural substances, respectively.
Cooperation of Alkali Metal Ions and β-Cyclodextrin for the Regioselective Cleavage of Adenosine 2′,3′-Cyclic Phosphate
Authors: Komiyama Makoto , Takeshige Yuichi , Sawada Shinya
Published: May 2006

Sodium(I), potassium(I), rubidium(I), and cesium(I) ions significantly increase both the selectivity and the rate constant for the β-cyclodextrin-induced regioselective cleavage of adenosine 2′,3′-cyclic phosphate. The ratio of the 2′-phosphate to the 3′-phosphate in the product is 11.2 with sodium chloride and β-cyclodextrin (3.0 and 0.015 mol dm−3) at pH 11, 30 °C.
Preparation of Silicon Oxide Overlayer Deposited on Alumina by Utilizing Surface Silanization with CH3Si(OCH3)3 and Its Pronounced Catalytic Activities for Isomerizations of 1-Butene and Cyclopropane
Authors: Imizu Yuzo , Tada Akio
Published: May 2006

Silicon oxide overlayer on alumina was prepared by utilizing the silanization of alumina surface with CH3Si(OCH3)3. With raising a coverage of the overlayer, its catalytic activities for 1-butene and cyclopropane isomerizations remarkably increased, resulting in a more active catalyst than a commercial silica-alumina catalyst.
Synthesis of Oligoribonucleotides by the Hydroxybenzotriazole-Activated Phosphotriester/Dicyclohexylcarbodiimide System
Authors: Hirao Ichiro , Miura Kin-ichiro
Published: May 2006

Addition of dicyclohexylcarbodiimide stabilized the benzotriazole-activated phosphotriester intermediates in which were used oligoribonucleotide synthesis. By this system, two oligoribonucleotides, r(CGAAAGC) and r(GCGAAAGC), were synthesized for structural comparison with d(GCGAAAGC) whose structure was unusually stable. Electrophoretic experiments showed r(GCGAAAGC) to behave differently from d(GCGAAAGC), although each had the same base sequence.
Cyclocondensation of 2-Methylresorcinol with Formaldehyde. A Synthesis of Conformationally Mobile Metacyclophanes
Authors: Konishi Hisatoshi , Iwasaki Yorio , Okano Tamon , Kiji Jitsuo
Published: May 2006

The acid-catalyzed condensation of 2-methylresorcinol with formaldehyde gave a complex mixture, from which a cyclic tetramer(1) was isolated as a hexamethylphosphoric triamide adduct.
Crystal Structure and 13C NMR of α-Pyrrolidonato-bridged [Pt(III)2(NH3)4(C4H6NO)2(NO2)(NO3)](NO3)2·H2O and Conversion of the Binuclear into Tetranuclear Complex on Electrochemical Redox Reaction
Authors: Abe Takeya , Moriyama Hiroshi , Matsumoto Kazuko
Published: May 2006

α-Pyrrolidonato-bridged binuclear Pt(III) complex [Pt2(NH3)4(C4H6NO)2(NO2)(NO3)](NO3)2·H2O has been synthesized and the crystal structure, 13C NMR, and cyclic voltammetry are reported. It has been revealed that both binuclear Pt(III) complex and tetranuclear Pt(III) complex are produced from the oxidation of [Pt4(NH3)8(C4H6NO)4]6+ depending on the oxidizing agent used.
Spin Distribution in the Phenyldiazenyl Radical
Authors: Suehiro Tadashi , Sato Toshiaki , Sano Tetsuya , Koike Akemi , Rieker Anton
Published: May 2006

Hyperfine coupling constants of carbons in the benzene ring of phenyldiazenyl radical were determined. The high hfs constant of C-1, 62.2 G, is a characteristic nature of phenyldiazenyl.
Absolute Configuration of Optically Active Tricyclo[2.2.1.02,6]heptan-3-ol (Nortricyclanol). An Enhancement of Enantiomeric Purity of a Chiral Alcohol by Repeating Enzymatic Kinetic Resolution
Authors: Hirose Yoshiki , Anzai Mika , Saitoh Minoru , Naemura Koichiro , Chikamatsu Hiroaki
Published: May 2006

Tricyclo[2.2.1 .02,6]hept-3-yl acetate (1b) was resolved by repeated enantioselective hydrolysis catalyzed by Candida cylindracea lipase, to give (+)-1b and (−)-nortricyclanol (1a) in high enantiomeric excess. By the chemical correlation with the known exo-2-norbornanol, the absolute configuration of (−)-1a was assigned to be (1R,3S,6S).
Various Coordination Modes of 1,1′-Bis(diphenylphosphino)ferrocene, dppfe, with Metals. Syntheses and X-Ray Structural Characterization of Metal Carbonyl Complexes of dppfe, MeCCo3(CO)7dppfe and [ClMn(CO)4]2dppfe
Authors: Onaka Satoru , Mizuno Atushi , Takagi Shigeru
Published: May 2006

Thermal reaction of MeCCo3(CO)9 with dppfe has afforded MeCCo3(CO)7dppfe (2), where three terminal carbonyls shift to bridging positions and dppfe functions as a bridging ligand. Photochemical reaction of Mn2(CO)10 with dppfe followed by further photolysis with CCl4 has yielded [ClMn(CO)4]2dppfe (3). Two new types of coordination mode of dppfe as a bidentate ligand have been demonstrated by X-ray molecular analyses of 2 and 3 instead of a chelational type of coordination.
A Multi-layered Film of a Two-Dimensionally Crosslinked Acrylate Polymer
Authors: Asakuma Sumitoshi , Kunitake Toyoki
Published: May 2006

A multilayered film of a two-dimensionally cross-linked polymer of oligoethylene glycol bis-acrylate was prepared by using a cast film of an ammonium bilayer membrane as molecular template.
Highly Selective Solvent Extraction of Copper(II) from Transition Metal Ions with Dibutyl N,N′-Bis(8-quinolyl)malonamide
Authors: Hiratani Kazuhisa , Taguchi Kazuhiro , Ohhashi Kozaburo , Nakayama Hiroshi
Published: May 2006

Dibutyl-N,N′-bis(8-quinolyl)malonamide can extract only Cu(II) with excellent selectivity among Cu(II), Ni(II), Co(II), and Zn(II) both in the competitive and single metal ion-extraction. It forms 1 : 1 complex with Cu(II) ion accompanied with the release of two protons from the amide groups.
Palladium(0)-Catalyzed Amination of Allylic Acetate with Methyl Carbamate
Authors: Takagi Masatoshi , Yamamoto Keiji
Published: May 2006

Methyl sodiocarbamate, a recalcitrant nucleophile toward π-allylpalladium intermediate, was found to react with allylic acetates to give allylic carbamates in the presence of a catalytic amount of Pd(PPh3)4 in THF-DMSO mixed solvent.
Photoinduced Hydride Reduction of an NAD+ Analogue with Permethylpolysilanes Acting as Electron Sources and Water as a Proton Source
Authors: Fukuzumi Shunichi , Kitano Toshiaki , Mochida Kunio
Published: May 2006

Photoinduced hydride reduction of an NAD+ analogue, 10-methylacridinium ion with permethylpolysilanes [Me3SiSiMe3, Me(SiMe2)Me, (Me2Si)6] acting as electron sources and water as a proton source occurs efficiently in acetonitrile under irradiation of visible light (λ > 360 nm) to yield 9,10-dihydro-10-methylacridine selectively.
Addition Reaction of Sulfonyl Isocyanates to Benzocyclopropene
Authors: Kagabu Shinzo , Inoue Tatsuo
Published: May 2006

Benzocyclopropene reacted with methane- and n-butanesulfonyl isocyanates at room temperature, and arenesulfonyl isocyanates at 60 °C to afford the corresponding N-sulfonylphthalimidines.
Highly Enantio- and Diastereoselective Reduction of 2-Methyl-3-oxoalkanoic Acids by Use of Fermenting Bakers’ Yeast
Authors: Watabu Hisashi , Ohkubo Munemasa , Matsubara Hiroshi , Sakai Takashi , Tsuboi Sadao , Utaka Masanori
Published: May 2006

Reduction of 2-methyl-3-oxoalkanoic acids, RC(=O)CH(CH3)CO2H (R = n-C4H9 – n-C8H17), gave the corresponding (2R,3R)-anti-3-hydroxy-2-methylalkanoic acids by use of bakers’ yeast with >98% ee and >98% de.
Oxidative Coupling of Methane Followed by Ethane Pyrolysis
Authors: Mimoun Hubert , Robine Alain , Bonnaudet Serge , Cameron Charles J
Published: May 2006

When mixtures of methane, ethane and oxygen are cofed over oxidative coupling of methane catalysts, oxygen is preferentially consumed for the oxidative dehydrogenation of ethane, resulting in low methane conversions and high carbon monoxide production. If, however, ethane is added to the post-oxidation zone of the reactor, methane conversion remains high and the calories generated from this exothermic reaction can be used for the endothermic pyrolysis of ethane to form ethylene plus hydrogen.
First Syntheses of 1,4-Thiazino[3,4,5-cd]indolizine Derivatives
Authors: Kakehi Akikazu , Ito Suketaka , Hatanaka Susumu
Published: May 2006

Title compounds were prepared in moderate yields by the reactions of 3-(mercaptomethylene)-1-phenyl-2(3H)-indolizinones with bromoacetonitrile or phenacyl bromide in the presence of base.
Effect of the Phase Transition of Smectic Liquid-Crystalline Solvent on the Thermal Isomerization of 5,5′-Dialkylthioindigo Compounds
Authors: Fukunishi Koushi , Kitamura Satoshi , Kuwabara Masaki , Yamanaka Hiroki , Nomura Mototeru
Published: May 2006

The rates and the activation parameters for the thermal cis-to-trans isomerization of 5,5′-dialkylthioindigo dyes embedded in a smectic mesophase of butyl stearate were affected by the transition of the liquid-crystalline to the isotropic phase, depending upon the alkyl length.
Close Similarities of Chemical Structures between Light (Hexane-Soluble) and Heavy (Hexane-Insoluble and Benzene-Soluble) Fractions of Solvent-Refined Coal
Authors: Nomura Masakatsu , Ida Toru , Miyake Mikio , Kikukawa Takashi , Shimono Tatsuhisa
Published: May 2006

Curie-point pyrolysis-GC analyses were applied for structural analyses of hexane-soluble (HS) and hexane-insoluble and benzene-soluble (HI-BS) fractions from two SRC samples. Pyrograms of HS and HI-BS fractions are strikingly similar, indicating that they are composed of similar aromatic constituents, although the molecular weight distributions between the two fractions are different. The difference in coal rank for the two SRC samples was reflected as the profiles of pyrograms.
Oxidation of α-Methylstyrene to Phenylacrolein
Authors: Ai Mamoru
Published: May 2006

Various kinds of Mo-based oxides were tested as catalysts for the vapor-phase oxidation of α-methylstyrene to form phenylacrolein (atropoaldehyde). The best performance was obtained with the Te/Mo atomic ratio = 0.4 catalyst; the one-pass yield of phenylacrolein attained 48.5 mol% at the α-methylstyrene conversion of 96.3%.
Highly Heteroatom-dependent π-Facial Stereoselectivity in the Diels–Alder Reaction of 1,3-Cyclopentadienes Having a Heteroatom Substituent at 5-Position
Authors: Ishida Masaru , Aoyama Takamichi , Kato Shinzi
Published: May 2006

5-Phenylthio-1,3-cyclopentadiene reacted with maleic anhydride to give a 4 : 6 mixture of syn- and anti-attack adducts. In contrast, the selenium isologue, 5-phenylseleno-1,3-cyclopentadiene reacted with dienophiles with remarkable anti-π-facial selectivity to give the corresponding anti-attack adducts, exclusively.
The Structure of Nitro-5,10,15,20-tetraphenylporphyrinato(piperidine)cobalt(III)
Authors: Yamamoto Kenichi , Iitaka Yoichi
Published: May 2006

The structure of synthetic nitro-5,10,15,20-tetraphenylporphyrinato(piperidine)cobalt(III) has been determined by X-ray diffraction method. The results revealed that the porphyrin plane is markedly distorted to nonplanar due to the steric interaction between the axial piperidine and the porphyrin core.
Liquid Phase Methanol Synthesis on Copper and Zinc Ultrafine Particles Prepared by Gas Evaporation Method
Authors: Itoh Hiroyuki , Saito Toshiya , Shizuta Manabu , Kikuchi Eiichi
Published: May 2006

Liquid phase methanol synthesis was carried out over ultrafine particle (UFP) catalysts. A very high activity was obtained over Zn UFP modified using Cu acetylacetonate and LiAlH4. The rate of methanol formation on this catalyst at the steady state was about 1.8 times as high as that of a co-precipitated catalyst.
A Direct Formation of Alkenyl Chalcogenides from Nonactivated Alkenyl Halides and Diorganyl Dichalcogenides under Neutral Conditions
Authors: Ogawa Takuji , Hayami Kazuo , Suzuki Hitomi
Published: May 2006

Alkenyl sulfides and selenides were easily obtained in moderate to good yields by heating the corresponding bromides with diorganyl disulfides or diselenides in hexamethylphosphoric triamide with or without copper(I) iodide as a promoter.
Asymmetric [2+2] Cycloaddition Reaction Catalyzed by a Chiral Titanium Reagent
Authors: Hayashi Yujiro , Narasaka Koichi
Published: May 2006

Asymmetric [2+2] cycloaddition reaction between 3-(2-acryloyl)-1,3-oxazolidin-2-one derivatives and 1,1-bis(methylthio)ethylene proceeds by the use of a catalytic amount of a chiral titanium reagent to give the corresponding cyclobutanes in high enantioselectivity.
Stereoselective Synthesis of β-2-Deoxyribonucleosides from 1-O-Acetyl-3-O-[2-(methylsulfinyl)ethyl]-2-deoxyribose
Authors: Okauchi Tatsuo , Kubota Hideki , Narasaka Koichi
Published: May 2006

β-2-Deoxyribonucleosides are prepared stereoselectively from 1-O-acetyl-5-O-benzyl-3-O-[2-(methylsulfinyl)ethyl]-2-deoxy-D-erythro-pentofuranose by the reaction with the silyl or zinc derivatives of nucleoside bases in the presence of trimethylsilyl trifluoromethanesulfonate.
Molecular Discrimination by Water-soluble Cubic Azaparacyclophane
Authors: Murakami Yukito , Kikuchi Jun-ichi , Ohno Teruhisa , Hirayama Takayuki
Published: May 2006

A cubic cyclophane surrounded by six faces, each being constructed with the [3.3.3.3]azaparacyclophane ring, behaved as a polycationic host in acidic aqueous media and exhibited size-sensitive and regioselective molecular discrimination that originates from rigid geometry of its hydrophobic cavity.
A Highly Syn-selective Michael Reaction of Enamines with α,β-Unsaturated Esters via Cationic Intermediates
Authors: Hashimoto Yukihiko , Machida Shigeru , Saigo Kazuhiko , Inoue Jun-ya , Hasegawa Masaki
Published: May 2006

An efficient and highly diastereoselective Michael addition of enamines with 2,2-dimethoxyethyl esters of α,β-unsaturated acids was achieved by using titanium(IV) chloride as an activator.
Separation Behaviors of Aluminum(III) and Indium(III) Complexes with 1-Phenyl-3-methyl-4-benzoyl-5-pyrazolone in High-performance Liquid Chromatography
Authors: Akama Yoshifumi , Tong Aijun , Tanaka Shigeyuki
Published: May 2006

Aluminum- and indium-PMBP chelates were prepared and separated by liquid chromatography on an ODS column using acetonitrile as a mobile phase. The retention time of indium chelate varied significantly with a mobile phase of acetonitrile containing sodium chloride.
Regioselective Free Radical Alkylation of Uracils with Diacyl Peroxides
Authors: Itahara Toshio , Ide Naoko
Published: May 2006

Heating of a solution of uracils containing diacyl peroxides such as benzoyl peroxide, lauroyl peroxide, and 2,4-dichlorobenzoyl peroxide in 1,4-dioxane at 80 °C under nitrogen atmosphere yielded 5-(2,5-dioxanyl)uracils. Similar treatments of uracils in cyclohexane, cyclooctane, ethyl acetate, 1,2-diacetoxyethane, tert-butyl acetate, and acetonitrile gave the corresponding 5-alkyluracils.
Palladium(0) Catalyzed Hydrostannylation of Alkynes. Stereospecific Syn Addition of Tributyltin Hydride
Authors: Miyake Hideyoshi , Yamamura Kimiaki
Published: May 2006

Tetrakis(triphenylphosphine)palladium(0) catalyzes the hydrostannylation of alkynes to give vinylstannanes in excellent yields. This reaction proceeds in syn manner.
Novel Sulfur Transfer Reaction from 5H-Benzo[f]-1,2,3,4-tetrathiepin or 6H-Benzo[g]-1,2,3,4,5-pentathiocin to Olefins
Authors: Sato Ryu , Satoh Shin-ichi , Saito Minoru
Published: May 2006

Many olefins trapped active sulfur species generated from 5H-benzo[f]-1,2,3,4-tetrathiepin (BTTP) or 6H-benzo[g]-1,2,3,4,5-pentathiocin (BPTC) in DMSO to give [2+3], [4+2], or [6+3] cycloadducts.
Stereoselective Generation and Aldol Reaction of Tetrafluoropropanamide Boron Enolates Leading to threo-2-Fluoro-2-trifluoromethyl-3-hydroxy Alkanamides
Authors: Ishihara Takashi , Kuroboshi Manabu , Yamaguchi Koichi
Published: May 2006

Treatment of N,N-dialkyl-2-hydryltetrafluoropropanamide, readily available from hexafluoropropene and a secondary amine, with dibutylboryl triflate and ethyldiisopropylamine gave isomerically pure tetrafluoropropanamide boron enolate, which was allowed to react with various aldehydes at −10 °C to afford the corresponding threo-2-fluoro-2-trifluoromethyl-3-hydroxy alkanamides in good yields.
Efficient Method for the Preparation of (Z)-α-Alkoxy-β,γ-unsaturated Nitriles Starting from the Corresponding Acetals of (E)-Chalcone Derivatives
Authors: Mukaiyama Teruaki , Takenoshita Haruhiro , Yamada Masaaki , Soga Tsunehiko
Published: May 2006

In the presence of a catalytic amount of [Rh(COD)Cl]2 or trityl perchlorate, trimethylsilyl cyanide smoothly reacts with (E)-chalcone dimethyl acetal to yield (Z)-2,4-diphenyl-2-methoxy-3-butenenitrile accompanying isomerization of double bond.
Synthesis and Structure of Novel Organometallic Sulfide Cluster [(η5–C5Me5)MWO(μ–S2)(μ–S)2]2 (M = Rh, Ir) Containing High-Valent Tungsten Atoms
Authors: Ozawa Yoshiki , Hayashi Yoshihito , Isobe Kiyoshi
Published: May 2006

Novel transition metal sulfide cluster [(η5–C5Me5)MWO(μ–S2)(μ–S)2]2 (M = Rh, Ir) was synthesized and the crystal structure of iridium complex was analyzed. The cluster consists of two fused double incomplete-cubane frameworks made of tungsten(VI) and iridium(III) atoms. There are no metal–metal direct interactions within the cluster core in spite of short W–Ir contact of 2.816(1) Å.
Bilayer Membranes of Four-Chained Ammonium Amphiphiles
Authors: Kimizuka Nobuo , Ohira Hiroyuki , Tanaka Miho , Kunitake Toyoki
Published: May 2006

Novel amphiphiles in which four long alkyl chains are connected to the single trimethylammonium head group via amino acid residues gave clear dispersions upon sonication. Formation of bilayer membranes was confirmed by electron microscopy, differential scanning calorimetry, and fluorescence depolarization.
Flash Pyrolytic Study on Chemical Structures of Akabira Coal Extracts and Residue
Authors: Matsubayashi Kenji , Nomura Masakatsu , Miyake Mikio
Published: May 2006

Akabira coal extracts [Pyridine soluble fraction (PS) and Acetone soluble fraction (AS)] and residue [CS2–N–methyl-2-pyrrolidone (NMP) insoluble fraction (Residue)] were analyzed to get detailed information about components contained in three fractions using Curie-Point Pyrolyser–GC (Py–GC) and –GC-MS (Py–GC–MS). The pyrograms obtained from these fractions by Py–GC showed close similarities among them. The examination by Py–GC–MS resulted in the identification of 130 compounds.
Regioselective Introduction of Allylic Groups into the C-2 or C-3 Position of Furanoside Rings
Authors: Ohmori Junya , Shiotani Tohru , Mitsunobu Oyo
Published: May 2006

The reaction of α-anomers of methyl 2,3-anhydro-D-ribo- and D-allo-furanosides with allylic Grignard reagents predominantly gave the corresponding 2-deoxy-2-C-alkenylfuranosides. In contrast, their β-anomers selectively gave 3-C-alkenyl derivatives. Preparation of a synthon of the C-4∼C-9 fragment common to various 16-member macrolide antibiotics is also described.
Synthesis of Levoglucosenone
Authors: Shibagaki Makoto , Takahashi Kyoko , Kuno Hideyuki , Honda Ichiro , Matsushita Hajime
Published: May 2006

Levoglucosenone was synthesized from D-galactose via reductive decarboxylation as a key reaction. Among the catalysts used for the key reaction, hydrous zirconium oxide was found to have the best activity.
Regiospecific Synthesis of 1-Substituted 1,2,4-Triazoles by Reaction of 1,2,4-Triazole with Aldehydes
Authors: Smith Keith , Hammond Mark E W , James D Martin , Ellison Ian J , Hutchings Michael G
Published: May 2006

The reactions of 1,2,4-triazole with aldehydes and various acid chlorides provide a convenient, regiospecific route to 1-substituted 1,2,4-triazoles.
Specific Fluorescence Detection of Lithium Ion with 2,9-Disubstituted 1,10-Phenanthroline Derivatives
Authors: Hiratani Kazuhisa , Nomoto Masayo , Sugihara Hideki , Okada Tatsuhiro
Published: May 2006

The fluorescence intensity of 2,9-di-n-butyl-1,10-phenanthroline was drastically enhanced in the presence of lithium ion, but not sodium, potassium, and beryllium ions.
Synthesis of Renin Inhibitors Containing a Sulfonemethylene Isostere at Their N-Terminals
Authors: Nakano Masato , Atsuumi Shugo , Koike Yutaka , Tanaka Seiichi , Funabashi Hiroshi , Hashimoto Junko , Ohkubo Mitsuru , Morishima Hajime
Published: May 2006

We describe an efficient synthesis of highly active renin inhibitors containing a sulfonemethylene isostere at their N-terminals and a hydroxyethylene isostere at their C-terminals. The stereospecific synthesis of N-terminal key intermediate, L-N-[(2R)-2-benzyl(or 1-naphthylmethyl)-3-hydroxypropionyl]norleucine t-butyl ester is described.
Stereochemistry of Asymmetric 1,2-Rearrangements of Chiral Sulfenylcyclopropanes into Cyclobutane Derivatives. A Novel Entry to Chiral Cyclobutane Systems Using Chiral Sulfinyl Groups
Authors: Hiroi Kunio , Ogata Takenobu
Published: May 2006

Stereochemistry of 1,2-rearrangements in optically active 1-(1-hydroxyalkyl)-1-sulfenylcyclopropane derivatives was determined. Both of the enantiomers underwent smoothly a 1,2-rearrangement of carbon-carbon bonds in cyclopropanes via the mesylates with complete stereospecificity to provide chiral cyclobutane derivatives with high enantiomeric excess.
An Efficient and Stereoselective Synthesis of the 1β-Methylcarbapenem Key Precursor
Authors: Honda Toshio , Wang Tzu-Chueh , Chu Shih-Der
Published: May 2006

The key precursor for the preparation of 1β-methylcarbapenem antibiotic was stereoselectively synthesized from (+)-4-acetoxy-3-[(R)-1-(t-butyldimethylsilyloxy)ethyl]-2-azetidinone by employing an intermolecular carbenoid displacement reaction as a key step.
Synthesis, Properties, and Molecular Structure of Tetrakis(pentamethyldisilanyl)ethylene
Authors: Sekiguchi Akira , Ebata Keisuke , Kabuto Chizuko , Sakurai Hideki
Published: May 2006

The title compound and the related poly(disilanyl)ethylenes were prepared by the reaction of 1,2-bis(bromodimethylsilyl)-1,2-bis(chlorodimethylsilyl)ethylene with trimethylsilyllithium in HMPA/THF. The physical properties of the title compound as well as its molecular structure by X-ray diffraction are described.
1,5-Diselenacyclooctane. Reversible Electrochemical Oxidation with Remarkably Low Oxidation Potential in Dialkyl Selenides
Authors: Fujihara Hisashi , Akaishi Ryouichi , Furukawa Naomichi
Published: May 2006

The electrochemical oxidation of dialkyl selenides was studied by cyclic voltammetry. The cyclic voltammogram of a new cyclic bis-selenide, 1,5-diselenacyclooctane shows one reversible oxidation wave with remarkably low oxidation potential.
Stereoselective Synthesis of cis-2,3-Diarylaziridine by Rearrangement of Aryl-Substituted N-(Silylmethyl)imine
Authors: Komatsu Mitsuo , Ohno Mitsuru , Tsuno Shingo , Ohshiro Yoshiki
Published: May 2006

Thermal rearrangement of aryl-substituted N-(silylmethyl)imines to N-silylaziridines with high cis-selectivity was revealed and workup of the products readily led to cis-aziridine derivatives.
New Metabolites of Two Hybrid Strains ME 0004 and 0005 Derived from Penicillium citreo-virideB. IFO 6200 and 4692
Authors: Lai Sheng , Shizuri Yoshikazu , Yamamura Shosuke , Kawai Kazuaki , Terada Yukimasa , Furukawa Hideyuki
Published: May 2006

6-Hydroxy-8-methoxy-3S,5-dimethylisochroman and 6-hydroxy-8-methoxy-3S,5-dimethyl-3,4-dihydroisocoumarin have been isolated from the mycelium of a hybrid strain ME 0004 derived from Penicillium citreo-viride B. IFO 6200 and 4692. The latter has also been produced by the hybrid strain ME 0005 in addition to 11-β-hydroxy-12-oxocurvularin.
1,3-Asymmetric Induction in the Reaction of Organometallics to β-Hydroxy Ketones and β-Silyloxy Ketones
Authors: Ukaji Yutaka , Kanda Hiroyasu , Yamamoto Kouji , Fujisawa Tamotsu
Published: May 2006

High level of 1,3-asymmetric induction was realized in the reaction between β-hydroxy ketones and triisopropoxytitanium reagents to give anti-1,3-diols possessing tertiary alcohols. To the contrary, syn-1,3-diols were obtained by the addition reaction of organometallics to β-t-butyldimethylsilyloxy ketones.
Synthesis of Perfluoroethylmethylether by Direct Fluorination
Authors: Sekiya Akira , Ueda Kunimasa
Published: May 2006

The direct fluorination of trifluoromethylethers prepared from ethylene or fluorinated ethylenes with trifluoromethyl hypofluorite proceeded in excellent yield to obtain perfluoroethylmethylethers.
New Entry to γ,δ-Unsaturated Seven-membered Lactones
Authors: Kido Fusao , Kazi Abul B , Yoshikoshi Akira
Published: May 2006

The [2,3]sigmatropic rearrangement of cyclic allyl sulfonium ylides, generated from the diazo malonates of 2-phenylthio-3-butenol derivatives with catalytic rhodium acetate, afforded γ,δ-unsaturated seven-membered lactones in moderate to good yields.
Reactions of Perfluoroalkanesulfonyl Chlorides with Aromatic Compounds Catalyzed by a Ruthenium(II) Complex
Authors: Kamigata Nobumasa , Fukushima Takamasa , Yoshida Masato
Published: May 2006

The reactions of perfluoroalkanesulfonyl chlorides with aromatic compounds in the presence of a catalytic amount of dichlorotris(triphenylphosphine)ruthenium(II) were found to give perfluoroalkylated compounds in good yield.
Synthesis of 2-(Aminomethylene)-2H,3H-1-benzothiophene-3-one from 3-Bromo-4H-1-benzothiopyran-4-one as a New Donor–acceptor Chromophore
Authors: Nakazumi Hiroyuki , Watanabe Shigeru , Maeda Katsumi , Kitao Teijiro
Published: May 2006

2-(Amino-substituted methylene)-2H,3H-1-benzothiophene-3-ones were prepared by ring contraction of 3-bromo-4H-1-benzothiopyran-4-one with amines, as a new donor–acceptor chromophore. The structure of 2-(N,N-dimethylaminomethylene) derivative was determined by X-ray crystallographic analysis.
N,N′-Bis(8-quinolyl)glutaramide as a Highly Selective and Effective Cu(II) Carrier for the Uphill Transport through Liquid Membranes
Authors: Hiratani Kazuhisa , Taguchi Kazuhiro
Published: May 2006

N,N′-Bis(8-quinolyl)glutaramide was found to be an excellent Cu(II) carrier through chloroform liquid membrane. It can selectively and efficiently transport only Cu(II) from aqueous solution containing Cu(II), Zn(II), Ni(II), and Co(II).
Synthesis of Spiro Sugar Isoxazolidines via Tandem Michael Addition-1,3-dipolar Cycloaddition
Authors: Yokoyama Masataka , Yamada Naoyuki , Togo Hideo
Published: May 2006

A ribonimido-1,4-lactone reacts with electron-deficient alkenes to give the corresponding spiro furactofuranosyl isoxazolidines regio- and stereoselectively via tandem Michael addition-1,3-dipolar cycloaddition. The spiro sugar isoxazolidines formed are converted into the corresponding pyrrolidines by reduction.
Conversion of 2-Heptenolides into Substituted Oxocene Systems. Its Application to the Synthesis of (+)-Lauthisan
Authors: Tsushima Kazunori , Murai Akio
Published: May 2006

2-Heptenolide was smoothly transformed into the α,β,γ,δ-dienol triflate, which was reacted with lithium dialkylcuprates to afford α-alkylated oxocenes in good yields. The methodology was applied effectively to the synthesis of (+)-lauthisan.
Synthesis of Ultra-thin Films of Poly(vinylenebenzothiazole) at Air/Water Interface
Authors: Yokoyama Shiyoshi , Yoshida Ayumi , Ueda Tomoko , Watanabe Masayoshi , Sanui Kohei , Ogata Naoya
Published: May 2006

Ultra-thin films of poly(vinylenebenzothiazole) (PVBT) were formed at the air/water interface. The resulting PVBT thin films had a repeatable and finely controllable thickness; the per layer thickness of PVBT multilayers was 36 Å. The films remained fairly stable when subjected to heat treatment up to 200 °C. They also had good solvent resistance.
Preparation of Platinum Cluster Catalyst Supported on Porous Chelate Resin–Metal Complexes for Hydrogenation of Olefin and Diene
Authors: Toshima Naoki , Teranishi Toshiharu , Asanuma Hiroyuki , Saito Yasukazu
Published: May 2006

Platinum cluster catalysts supported on chelate resin–metal complexes were prepared by reduction of platinum ions immobilized on the supports which were characteristic of high porosity. The initial rate of hydrogen uptake in the hydrogenation of olefin or diene over the catalysts increases with the surface area of the resin supports.
Finite projective planes of order n with a 2-transitive orbit of length n – 3
Authors: Biliotti Mauro , Montinaro Alessandro
Published: May 2006

We characterize the finite projective planes П of order n with a collineation group G acting 2-transitively on a point orbit of length n – 3. Aside from the trivial cases, the plane П must have order 9 or 16 and G is isomorphic to PSL(2,5) or AGL(1,13), respectively.
On the distance between the axes of elliptic elements generating a free product of cyclic groups
Authors: Rasskazov Alexey
Published: May 2006

Let f and g be elliptic Möbius transformations of respective orders m≥3, n≥2, and let s, φ be the hyperbolic distance and angle between their axes. In this paper we prove that for

the group 〈f,g〉 is discrete, nonelementary and isomorphic to the free product of cyclic groups. Several examples are given showing the effectiveness of the above estimate for cosh s.
Il Capriccio: an Unpublished Italian Renaissance Comedy and its Analogues
Authors: Corrigan Beatrice M.
Published: May 2006

Those peculiarly Italian institutions, the Renaissance academies, left behind them a most varied heritage of erudition and polite literature. From city to city they differed according to the differing tastes of their members, and just as the academies of Florence won renown for their research in philology, so those of Siena gained a reputation for fostering the art of play-writing. Isidoro Ugurgieri Azzolini says in his Pompe sanesi, ‘De’ Comici poi ci diffidiamo raccorre il numero preciso per la gran moltitudine che Siena n'ha havuti'. He adds that the Accademia dei Rozzi alone had printed almost one hundred comedies, and in his catalogue of Sienese men of letters he mentions constantly that his subjects had left at their death unpublished comedies, often boschereccie or rusticali. It is not surprising, then, that many plays of this period survive only in manuscript form, and that a few have even found their way to the new world.
Some Renaissance Versions of the Pythagorean Tetrad
Authors: Heninger S. K.
Published: May 2006

In 1538 when Sir Thomas Elyot printed his Dictionary, he included the following entry for Pythagoras: ‘An excellente Phylosopher, whose Phylosophye was in mystycalle sentences, and alsoo in the Scyence of noumbers.’ The ‘mystycalle sentences’ were the Carolina aurea and Symbola, collections of spurious precepts with hidden meanings which had received extensive explication; and ‘the Scyence of noumbers’ recalled Pythagoras’ fundamental postulate that all things have innate numerical relationships. Elyot's entry indicates concisely what facets of the Pythagorean doctrine appealed to the Renaissance and how Pythagoras could appear as the fountainhead of both mysticism and physical science. Reuchlin cited Pythagoras as source of the mystical wisdom contained in De arte cabalistica, while Copernicus in De revolutionibus orbium coelestium claimed support from the ancient Pythagoreans for his belief that the earth moved.
Humanistic Jurisprudence
Authors: Kisch Guido
Published: May 2006

Hitherto, when one intended to evaluate humanistic jurisprudence and to assess its significance for the development of legal science, especially for the history of legal dogmatics, one merely indulged in general considerations. With respect to the attitude of its representatives towards the principal ideas of themos italicusand themos gallicus,reaction was merely intuitive. A central problem, such as that of the history of the ideasof aequitasandepieikeiafrom antiquity through the medieval and Renaissance periods and further, beyond the era of the reception of Roman law in Europe, to my knowledge was never posed.
Music and The Mad Lover
Authors: Cutts John P.
Published: May 2006

Whilst musical imagery is to some extent resorted to in attempts by Elizabethan writers to define madness, the efficacy of music as sound is also sought for resolving the discord in man's microcosmos. Music's power over the emotions has been praised throughout all civilized ages. The best known example is, perhaps, Alexander who ‘was sometimes excited by it so passionately, that he was forced almost against his will to leave the banquet table and rush to arms; and when the musician changed the temper of the tune, he grew calm again, lay aside his arms, and returned to the banquet table'. Another stirring example is that of King Saul whose madness is spoken of as the result of possession by an evil spirit for his sins before God.
The Medieval Origins of the Sixteenth-century English Jest-books
Authors: Kahrl Stanley J.
Published: May 2006

Saynt Bede tellis in ‘Gestis Anglorum’ how, when Englond was oute of be belefe, be pope sente in-to it to preche a bisshop pat was a passyng sutell clerk, and a well-letterd; and he vsid so mekull soteltie and strange saying in his sermons, pat his prechyng owder litle profettid or noght. And pan ber was sent a noder bat was les of connyng of literatur pan he was, and he vsid talis and gude exsample in his sermon; and he within a while conuertyd nere-hand all Englond.
The Identity of the Emblematic Nemesis
Authors: Greene David M.
Published: May 2006

In the sixteenth century the pseudo-science of hieroglyphics attracted many scholars for much the same reasons that the picture-puzzle game of imprese was appealing to an enlightened and leisured nobility. Like dianoetics and phrenology in more modern times, both pursuits belonged to that seemingly endless line of intellectual fads that enchant with idealistic and largely empty promises. But though they failed to become the improved means of written communication they were supposed to, they both possessed genuine intellectual qualities, in that they were wittily conceived and dependent upon a wide range of information, much of it obscure, and most of it classical.
Utopia and European Humanism: the Function of the Prefatory Letters and Verses
Authors: Allen Peter R.
Published: May 2006

The letters and verses written for the early editions of Utopia by Sir Thomas More and his fellow humanists have had remarkably little influence on More's critics and in later editions have been reprinted (if at all) more as literary curiosities than as significant contributions to our understanding of the work. Yet the very extent and range of this appended material would suggest that it was meant to play an important rôle. The first edition, printed by Thierry Martens at Louvain in 1516, includes a Utopian quatrain 'translated’ by Peter Giles, the Hexastichon Anemolii or ‘shortc meter of Utopia', verses by Gerhard Noviomagus, Cornelius Grapheus, and John Paludanus, and the letters of Giles to Jerome Busleiden, Busleiden to More, Paludanus to Giles, and More to Giles.
The Bible in Sixteenth-Century Humanist Education
Authors: Green Lowell C.
Published: May 2006

One of the crucial problems in early modern history continues to be the relationship between the movements commonly called the Renaissance and the Reformation, and the part played by the Northern Humanists in both. Detrimental to its solution has been the comparative neglect of the strategic role of Philipp Melanchthon, as well as the school of humanist educators that graduated from the halls of thisPraeceptor Germaniae.In him as in none other, not even Erasmus, we have the full convergence of Northern Humanism with the Protestant Reformation. On the other hand, some scholars have mistakenly assumed that the emphasis on the Bible among the German reformers led to its domination of their schools.
Samuel Daniel's Method of Writing History
Authors: Gottfried Rudolf B.
Published: May 2006

“I vow to bee of no other side, then of Truth”, wrote Samuel Daniel in the first installment of his History of England, “or as neer truth-likelinesse as I possibly can get.” And in the Collection, or fuller version of the History, published the year before his death, he went on to indicate his method of attaining this truth, or truth-likeliness, in what he wrote: “For the Worke it selfe I can chalenge nothing therein but only the sowing it together, and the obseruation of those necessary circumstances, and inferences which the History naturally ministers”; and yet, “although the inquisition of Ancient times, written by others be prepared, yet the Collection and Disposition I finde most Laborious”.
The Two Lost Years of Erasmus: Summary, Review, and Speculation
Authors: Sowards J. K.
Published: May 2006

In early summer of the year 1509 Erasmus in Italy received the enthusiastic letter of his English friend and patron Lord Mountjoy, announcing the accession of the young Henry VIII to his father's throne and the beginning of an age of gold:

O my Erasmus [he wrote], if you could see how everyone here rejoices, how they delight in such a prince, how zealously they wish him well, you would not be able to refrain from tears of joy. The heavens laugh, earth rejoices, every-thing is filled with milk and honey and nectar! All avarice is banished utterly and liberality scatters its blessings with a generous hand.
The Elysium of Julius Caesar Bordonius (Scaliger)
Authors: Richards J. F. C.
Published: May 2006

The Elysium Atestinum of Julius Caesar Bordonius (or Bordonus) is a Latin poem of 411 hexameters, dedicated to Isabella d'Este, marchioness of Mantua (1474-1539). The purpose of the poem is to flatter Isabella and her brothers, Alfonso I, duke of Ferrara (1486-1534), and Cardinal Ippolito d'Este (1479-1520), by inventing a myth showing the interest of the Olympian gods in the house of Este and by providing it with an eponymous ancestor, the Trojan Atestes.

It also describes an elaborate park and zoological garden on an island in the Po, which Alfonso is to make. This is presumably the park belonging to the Belvedere Palace built for Alfonso by Girolamo da Carpi between 1514 and 1516, which was celebrated not only by Bordonius, but also by Scipione Balbo in a Latin poem called Pulcher visus, by Celio Calcagnini in an epigram, and by Ariosto in the Orlando furioso.
A Humanist&s Image of Humanism: the Inaugural Orations of Bartolommeo della Fonte
Authors: Trinkaus Charles
Published: May 2006

Professor Kristeller in his ‘Humanism and Scholasticism in the Italian Renaissance’ as well as in his lecture on ‘The Humanist Movement’ in The Classics and Renaissance Thought emphasizes the professional nature of humanism, assigning to it the teaching of grammar, rhetoric, poetry, history, and moral philosophy at the universities of Italy under the designation of the studia humanitatis. While he would not, I am sure, deny the wide cultural significance of the writings and activities of the humanists within the Renaissance, he does take a more restricted view of them than those philosophers and commentators who look upon the Italian humanists as simply one phase of a broadly humanitarian philosophical and religious outlook stretching from the ancient world to modern times, be it Jacques Maritain or Corliss Lamont.
An Aspect of the Renaissance in Gavin Douglas’ Eneados
Authors: Hall Louis Brewer
Published: May 2006

Interest in Gavin Douglas has bloomed, attending reappraisal of that group of poets designated as the Scottish Chaucerians. Admirers of Douglas, Henry son, Barbour, Dunbar, and the rest now have as their ally C. S. Lewis and the authority of his English Literature in the Sixteenth Century. In this work, Lewis devotes ten pages to a detailed examination of Douglas’ translation of the Aeneid, and he is propitious in his final evaluation of it: ‘Here a great story is greatly told and set off with original embellishments which are all to the good—all either delightful or interesting—in their diverse ways.’
A Sixteenth-century French Cosmic Voyage: Nouvelles des régions de la lune
Authors: Ridgely Beverly S.
Published: May 2006

At the end of Pantagruel, when the conquest of the Dipsodes has been successfully completed and Pantagruel has recovered from his stomach trouble, thanks to the team of stalwarts who venture down his gullet and clean up the source of his indisposition, Rabelais takes leave of his readers, but only after whetting their appetites with this tantalizing hint of what is in store for them in his next volume:

Vous aurez la reste de l'histoire à ces foires de Francfort prochainement venantes, et là vous verrez: comment Panurge fut marié, et cocqu dès le premier moys de ses nopces; et comment Pantagruel trouva la pierre philosophale, et la maniere de la trouver et d'en user; et comment il passa les Mons Caspies; comment il naviga par la mer Athlanticque, et deffit les caniballes, et conquesta les isles de Perlas; comment il espousa la fille du roy de Inde, nominee Presthan; comment il combatit contre les diables et fist brusler cinq chambres d'enfer, et mist a sac la grande chambre noire, et getta Proserpine au feu, et rompit quatre dentz a Lucifer et une come au cul; et comment il visita les regions de la lune pour scavoir si, a la verite, la lune n'estoit entiere, mais que les femmes en avoient troys quartiers en la teste; et mille aultres petites joyeusetez toutes veritables.
Croatian Renaissance
Authors: Kadić Ante
Published: May 2006

A number of recent publications by Jugoslavenska Akademija Znanosti i Umjetnosti (the Yugoslav Academy of Science and Arts, in Zagreb) calls attention to an important literary renaissance in Croatia during the fifteenth and sixteenth centuries. Evidence of this renaissance is the considerable amount of writing done by Croatian poets, most of whom lived in the cities and islands of that narrow coastal strip in Dalmatia which had not been overrun by the Turks.

At present the Yugoslav Academy is engaged in printing the books of Neo-Latin humanist writers of Croatian origin. It is also making available photostatically reproduced texts of the most important authors who wrote in the national language.
The Decoration of a 1486 Book Wrapper and its Reappearance in 1531
Authors: Hirsch Rudolf
Published: May 2006

The migration of woodblocks and the copying of illustrations in the early period of printing comprise an interesting, but by no means novel, field of study. Today, when we point proudly and somewhat monotonously to our ‘shrinking world', it is amusing to ponder how far, how easily, and at times how rapidly, news and ideas and art work traveled from one part of Europe to another, even in periods of history when communications and transportation were still primitive. Although the travels of the particular woodblock which is the subject of this article did not cover great distances, the comparatively long time which elapsed between its last hitherto known use and its reappearance is one of its puzzling aspects.
African History, Anthropology, and the Rationality of Natives
Authors: MacGaffey Wyatt
Published: May 2006

The following exploration of social scientific thought as applied to Africa is an exercise in ethnography, not in debunking. At one level the argument, referring mainly to social change in western Zaire in the last hundred years, offers a descriptive interpretation which I assert is better than others. At another level I seek to establish what kind of phenomenon, in an ethnographic sense, historiography really is. At this level, I apply the methods of social science to a body of work in “social science” which is, in fact, myth, and which itself deals, in part, with a body of “myth” which is, in fact, social science.

In “African Traditional Thought and Western Science,” Robin Horton first shows the ways in which the first is like the second in producing model-building explanatory schemes, and then argues that the difference between the two is essentially that “in traditional cultures there is no developed awareness of alternatives to the established body of theoretical tenets; whereas in scientifically oriented cultures, such an awareness is highly developed ” He elaborates this difference between “the open and closed predicaments” in terms of such factors as unreflective versus reflective thinking, mixed versus segregated motives, absence versus presence of experimental method; these factors he finds superior in explanatory power to “most of the well-worn dichotomies used to conceptualize the difference between scientific and tradition religious thought. Intellectual versus emotional; rational versus mystical; reality-oriented versus fantasy-oriented …”

Only occasionally does Horton refer to social science, however; he seems to assimilate it to natural science.
The Historian in the Field: Some Critical Comments
Authors: Papstein Robert J.
Published: May 2006

Readers need not be reminded that an abundant literature exists concerning the techniques for recording and interpreting field work data; indeed, oral sources have been subjected to the most rigorous textual and literary criticism and we are even beginning to see what one observer calls ‘schools’ of oral history. All of this has been to the benefit of African history, as the many fine monographs of the last decade attest, while the proliferation of oral history projects in other areas of history attest to a general acceptance of oral data (except in the very darkest corners of the discipline) as a valuable source for the historian. But the concern with interpretation has been carried on largely to the exclusion of other fieldwork related issues. I would like to take up a number of these here, with the cautionary note that it is obviously impossible in this format to discuss them in the detail and with the variety of views they deserve and that my motivation in raising them at all derives from an interest to stimulate some debate on the topic of field work rather than to arbitrate what is correct or incorrect procedure. A further point is that, although my observations are first hand and therefore obviously limited, I believe they represent problems which are more widespread than the examples which follow.