bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Légitimité du récit dans les sciences sociales
Authors: Laplantine François
Published: March 2015

À partir du moment où nous réalisons que nous sommes dans le langage, et non pas au-dessus, que nous sommes dans le temps et l’histoire, et non pas à l’extérieur, nous comprenons qu’en tant que chercheur écrivant ou qu’écrivain chercheur, nous sommes engagés dans une même entreprise qui est celle de l’aventure du langage. Et cette dernière consiste à construire des histoires. Comme l’énonce Max Weber, les sciences sociales ont moins pour but l’explication des faits que la compréhension du sens, c’est-à-dire une activité d’interprétation. Celle-ci n’est ni une transcription ni une reproduction, mais une création sémantique nouvelle à travers un mouvement de configuration auquel il ne peut être mis un terme. Elle est en fait un récit qui donnera lieu à d’autres interprétations, c’est-à-dire à d’autres récits. C’est bien ainsi que se dessinent les chemins de la connaissance.
D’abord raconter !
Authors: Riffault Jacques
Published: March 2015

Si, comme l’écrit Paul Ricœur, tout récit raconte une transformation et s’efforce de dire le temps, c’est-à-dire ce que l’expérience humaine a de spécifique, et qu’il en permet le partage, alors il est nécessaire de différencier « relater » et « raconter ». On peut « relater » un enchaînement de causes et d’effets, « la terrifiante chaîne où tout s’enchaîne » en dehors de toute intentionnalité humaine ou humanisée. Mais dans ce cas, il ne s’agit pas de ce que nous pouvons appeler un « récit ». « Raconter » au contraire, c’est mettre en scène l’agir humain et sa capacité à enrayer le cours inexorable des choses. C’est en cela que le récit est connaissance. Sur un autre plan, si tout récit met d’abord en scène celui qui le raconte, il est aussi relation à l’altérité du langage et à celle d’autrui à qui il est adressé. Il est alors mise en scène d’une intersubjectivité, mise en relation. Si écrire, en ce sens, est donc instaurer une relation, alors s’y pose le problème de toute relation : peut-on entrer en relation avec l’autre sans laisser écraser par l’autre son soi-même Pouvoir répondre positivement à cette question est sans doute la principale raison pour laquelle il faut d’abord raconter.
Écrire son histoire de vie. Connaissance et quête de reconnaissance
Authors: Bouquet Brigitte
Published: March 2015

« S’écrire », c’est se donner l’instrument qui permet de faire connaissance avec soi-même, d’établir un lien entre les expériences vécues, les souvenirs du passé, la vie présente et les projections dans l’avenir. Si les « histoires de vie » donnent accès aux logiques d’action à l’œuvre dans un développement biographique, elles ouvrent aussi sur la réalité sociale historique dont elles constituent un fragment. En ce sens, elles peuvent initier une nouvelle approche en science sociale permettant de réconcilier observation et réflexion, comme l’écrivait le sociologue Daniel Bertaux qui s’y est particulièrement intéressé. Les histoires de vie ont cependant suscité et suscitent encore analyses et controverses sur une activité de connaissance et de reconnaissance qui entraîne pourtant aujourd’hui des prolongements féconds générant des connaissances nouvelles au sein des sciences de l’homme et de la société, ainsi que des pratiques innovantes dans le champ de la formation et du travail social.
« Et je lui dis d’écouter ses pieds... »
Authors: Artus Patrick , Aubert Tiphaine , Terral Daniel
Published: March 2015

Accueillant des enfants gravement handicapés, totalement dépendants, aux pathologies certaines fois létales, les auteurs ont entrepris de parler à ces enfants-là – qui dans leur quasi-totalité ne parlent pas eux-mêmes – de ce qui fait le tragique de leur vie et de laquelle on ne peut sûrement pas dire qu’ils s’en sont absentés. « Racontant, contant seulement peut-être, ils nous donnent à voir ou à pressentir un autre univers où la vie est possible au-delà de l’implacable raison commune où tout autre est i nfâme et dont le mitoyen nous échappe. » Dans l’écriture de ces récits et notre lecture se dessinent alors les contours d’un « lieu pour vivre ».
Écrire pour entrer dans l’histoire
Authors: Ferrand Françoise
Published: March 2015

Écrire pour faire entrer dans l’histoire une donnée essentielle : l’intelligence des personnes en situation de pauvreté. Les savoirs sont pluriels, ils doivent émaner de toutes les couches de la société et seul leur croisement peut donner lieu à de nouvelles connaissances indispensables pour faire progresser nos démocraties. C’est la philosophie générale du programme Quart Monde-Université qui nous est ainsi explicitée à travers le récit et l’analyse de cette expérience, qui est aussi et peut-être d’abord une expérience d’écriture.
La mise en mots des jeunes : « Le bois des lucioles »
Authors: Ladsous Jacques
Published: March 2015

En 2005, alors que les banlieues françaises s’embrasent, une équipe d’animateurs de la cité du Bois L’Abbé, près de Paris, s’efforce de « redonner du sens à des perspectives » et propose aux jeunes du quartier d’écrire la tension qu’ils sentent monter. Un groupe informel se crée qui tisse peu à peu la trame de ce qui deviendra, avec l’aide de l’écrivain qui anime leurs rencontres, une sorte de polar, L’inconnu du b . l . b ., dans lequel les jeunes du quartier viennent nous dire qu’ils existent, qu’ils sont vivants et qu’ils appartiennent au monde. L’écriture est ici semblable à ces lucioles que nous avons tous besoin de percevoir au milieu des ténèbres pour apaiser nos inquiétudes.
De l’improvisation à l’écriture. Utilisation de l’écriture dans la méthode du théâtre institutionnel
Authors: Badache René
Published: March 2015

Dans un contexte d’improvisations orales issues des techniques du théâtre de l’Opprimé et développées par le théâtre forum, permettant de susciter l’émergence d’une conscience et d’une action collectives, l’idée de la rédaction d’un écrit collectif à partir de subjectivités plurielles, à la fin de la séance, a fini par s’imposer à l’Arc-en-ciel théâtre. Cette pratique ouvre alors pour chaque « spectacteur », selon le néologisme inventé par Augusto Boal, la possibilité, souvent ignorée par lui auparavant, de donner corps à une connaissance et à un jugement partagé sur ce qu’il a expérimenté, ce par quoi on définit la culture.
Griffures et copeaux. Analyse d’un dispositif d’écriture libérateur
Authors: Bensadon Paulette
Published: March 2015

Il s’agit, dans le dispositif d’atelier d’écriture ici décrit, de trouver ou retrouver pour chacun les conditions propices à une reconstitution, une réhabilitation, voire une rénovation et tout d’abord à ses propres yeux. Le manque d’écrire ou d’écritures pour quelques-uns rappelle combien l’empreinte originaire fait défaut. Pour écrire, certaines traces nous sont nécessaires qu’il convient de faire remonter à la surface le moment venu. Chacun s’inscrit dans l’atelier d’écriture pour des raisons différentes et certains peut-être n’en connaissent pas la cause si ce n’est une demande de savoir mieux ou plus facilement écrire. La recherche de sa propre écriture, surtout lorsqu’elle a été muselée ou empêchée, s’inscrit dès lors comme une autorisation de soi à conquérir par sa propre éthique. Cette recherche s’engage en y explorant par les jeux d’écriture sa propre graphie, et tout particulièrement son style, sa propre musicalité. L’atelier est là pour rencontrer l’autre et son dispositif particulier est structuré dans ce but. Rencontrer l’autre dans ce contexte, c’est s’inscrire dans les conditions pour tenter d’affleurer les surprises que laissent échapper nos éclats et nos parts d’inconscient. La lecture à haute voix vient alors parfaire cette inscription et participe à la fois de la reconnaissance de son texte par soi-même et par autrui en le mettant à distance tout en le faisant exister.
Vingt et un ans d’atelier d’écriture à La Moquette
Authors: Meyniard Laurent
Published: March 2015

Les ateliers d’écriture des Compagnons de la nuit ont 21 ans. Un âge qui permet d’affirmer que la littérature est partie intégrante du travail social. D’une démarche éthique expérimentale initiée par des journalistes militants et menée par des écrivains, le travail social s’est saisi. Ici, l’écriture, par la rencontre qu’elle permet avec des lecteurs ainsi que par la possibilité qu’elle offre, « grâce à la phrase écrite, à la lecture pour soi et à la relecture en public, de trouver un sens nouveau à travers lequel l’auteur lui-même se manifeste, transformé, transfiguré », participe de la restauration de l’estime de soi et de la reconquête d’un pouvoir d’agir. Ainsi s’affirme une idée force : considérer que la littérature, quelle que soit sa forme ou sa qualité intrinsèque, est, au-delà d’un outil éducatif individuel, une pratique culturelle qui par sa dimension universelle transforme le lieu où elle se vit en un espace de transformation sociale.
Écrire la vie : L’écriture de l’autre
Authors: Marty Danielle
Published: March 2015

Danielle Marty, auteure-metteuse en scène, réfléchit sur les causes du fossé qui lentement s’est creusé entre sa propre création littéraire et l’inventivité qu’elle a déployée au sein de ses ateliers d’écriture, dès 1985, à une époque où cette pratique cherchait ses processus et ses formes. Un fossé qui l’a menée, dix-huit ans plus tard, à interrompre ses ateliers. Elle nous entraîne avec elle au cœur du processus de création.
Update on Autism Spectrum Disorder: Vaccines, Genomes, and Social Skills Training
Authors: McGuinness Teena M.
Published: March 2015

Despite making significant progress in understanding autism spectrum disorder (ASD) and its genetic underpinnings, controversy remains regarding ASD and its historical, erroneous association with vaccines. This controversy includes the latest anti-vaccine movement that caused a recurrence of the almost vanquished measles and mumps diseases. The history of ASD, complexities of research involving ASD genetics, and benefits of social skills training are explored. [
Journal of Psychosocial Nursing and Mental Health Services
,
53
(4), 27–30.]
There's an App for That
Authors: Evans-Cowley Jennifer S. , Kubinski Brittany
Published: March 2015

The number of worldwide mobile device users is increasing rapidly, as are the number of applications to serve these devices. Urban planners have the opportunity to use a wide array of mobile applications to increase productivity, share information, and engage with the public. This chapter explores a number of mobile applications that can add value to the work that urban planners undertake. It also considers the types of applications that could be developed to assist planners in their efforts to understand cities and engage with the public.
Participatory Environmental Planning Platform
Authors: Chun Soon Ae , Artigas Francisco
Published: March 2015

Natural and man-made disasters can pose various threats to the environment and humans. Proper environmental monitoring, early alerts, and response planning and execution are essential. Most government organizations adhere to top-down planning operations, issuing instructions and setting rules and regulations for people to follow. In this chapter, the authors propose a participatory environmental planning platform where environmental planning is based on the data from sensors and “human sensors” to shift from a government-centric to a participatory environmental monitoring and planning paradigm. This platform incorporates intelligent technologies to enhance environmental situation awareness, to promote participatory governance, and to allow citizens to participate in the plan execution; participation is done through local data sharing as necessary to create situation awareness and through a resource sharing provided by citizen volunteers. The authors present a prototype system that provides shared services for the regional municipal governments' environmental planning and response coordination.
The Impact of Information and Communication Technology on the Rise of Urban Social Movements in Poland
Authors: Grabkowska Maja , Pancewicz Łukasz , Sagan Iwona
Published: March 2015

The chapter examines the relationship between the use of Information and Communications Technology (ITC) and the emergence of social movements focused on urban agenda in Poland. The aim is to investigate how and to what extent a growing body of smaller activist groups use opportunities provided by the ITC to achieve their political objectives. The research results indicate that Web-based media have helped to raise the profile of local initiatives and increased awareness of systemic urban issues between different groups of grass-root actors. The findings of the chapter are based on the analysis of the Congress of Urban Movements (Kongres Ruchów Miejskich: KRM), a broad coalition of smaller non-governmental organizations and bottom-up activist groups, which use Internet-based tools to network. The results indicate that the Web-based tools increase the members' ability to connect and interact, consequently improving the ability to coordinate joint initiatives, expand real-life social networks, and in the result stimulate the rise of urban social movements.
Planning for Urban Media
Authors: McQuire Scott , Papastergiadis Nikos , Vetere Frank , Gibbs Martin R. , Downs John , Pedell Sonja
Published: March 2015

Large video screens situated in public spaces are characteristic of the highly mediated public environment of contemporary cities. While screens are now able to support a range of content, including interactive applications, urban planning policy still treats them largely as commercial display surfaces only. This locks planning into a regulatory model based on minimizing the impact of advertising, and underestimates the possibilities for public screens to incubate innovative modes of urban communication. This chapter discusses a research project focusing on public use of interactive gaming on the Big Screen at Federation Square in Melbourne. The project was part of a larger research initiative exploring the impact of digital media technologies on how people interact with each other in public space. Material was gathered from a combination of observations and interviews. In addition to informing further development of similar interactive events at public sites, the findings raise important questions for urban planning in the context of pervasive digital media.
Sequential Experiences in Energy Producing Landscapes
Authors: Bishop Ian D.
Published: March 2015

Wind turbines are a major presence in the landscapes of some countries. This presence will become more widespread across the world as the need to reduce coal dependence becomes more broadly accepted. This chapter uses the situation of the state of Victoria in southern Australia to explore the possible extent of landscape change under a move to 100% renewable energy sources, and to explore the key variables and tools for analysis and communication, which will identify the consequences and support planning. A scenario for a future level of wind power generation in Victoria is proposed, potential sites identified, and then the visual impact of these analyzed, not simply on a case-by-case basis but as a system of facilities across the landscape. People travelling by road, or train, will be particularly aware of the extent to which the change is pervasive and new analytical parameters, such as Zipf distribution and fractal dimension, are illustrated. New policy approaches and modes of impact communication are proposed.
A Unified Building Model for a Real 3D Cadastral System
Authors: El-Mekawy Mohamed , Östman Anders
Published: March 2015

Cadastral systems today are mostly based on digitally represented 2D parcel maps or land registries of 3D components referenced to different documents. With clear limitations to this method, this chapter focuses on creating 3D property information based on existing 3D building models. It starts by investigating shortages of the most prominent semantic building models for BIM and geospatial models (IFC and CityGML, respectively) as well as a pre-developed Unified Building Model (UBM). The result shows that neither one of the three has capabilities for complete 3D cadastre systems. The chapter proposes an extension to the UBM by adding four subtypes to the boundary surfaces above- and under-ground, namely “Building Elements,” “Digging,” “Protecting Area,” and “Real Estate Boundary.” The extended UBM is then implemented in a case study of a hospital building in Sweden and shown to be able to model all surfaces that define 3D cadastral information of buildings. The extended UBM is argued to contribute to e-planning in cities and urban applications as well as to 3D cadastral applications.
E-Governance in Africa and the Challenges Confronting Urban E-Planning
Authors: Silva Carlos Nunes
Published: March 2015

This chapter explores trends in the development of e-governance in Africa, issues, challenges, opportunities, and innovative practices, as well as the impacts that such process is likely to have in the progress of Urban e-Planning in the continent, namely in the five Lusophone African countries: Angola, Cape Verde, Guinea-Bissau, Mozambique, and Sao Tome and Principe. The first part is focused on e-governance development in Africa. The second section deals with the case of the Lusophone African countries. The level of Urban e-Planning development in African cities is in general far behind cities in developed countries. Besides sharing a common colonial history, administrative tradition, and official language, these five African countries have in common similar urban planning cultures. Despite the overall negative picture of e-governance development in Africa that emerges from this overview and the huge barriers it is confronted with, there are signs that it is possible to have a rapid and sustained progress in the field of Urban e-Planning in the near future.
Mining ICDDR, B Hospital Surveillance Data and Exhibiting Strategies for Balancing Large Unbalanced Datasets
Authors: Firoze Adnan , Rahman Rashedur M.
Published: March 2015

This research uses a number of classifier models on Hospital Surveillance data to classify admitted patients according to their critical conditions. Three class labels were used to distinguish the criticality of the admitted patients. Furthermore, set forth are two distinct approaches to address the over-fitting problem in the unbalanced dataset since the frequency of instances of the class ‘low' is significantly higher than the other two classes. Apart from trimming the dataset to balance the classes, this work has dealt with the over-fitting problem by introducing the ‘Synthetic Minority Over-sampling Technique' (SMOTE) algorithm coupled with Locally Linear Embedding (LLE). It has constructed three models that applied the neural, and multinomial logistic regression classifications and finally compared the performance of the work's models with the models developed by Rahman and Hasan (2011) where they used several decision tree models to classify the same dataset using tenfold cross validation. Additionally, for a comprehensive comparative analysis, this work has compared the classification performance of the authors' novel third model using support vector machine (SVM). After comparison, the work shows that one of the authors' models surpasses all prior models in terms of classification performance, taking into account the performance time trade-off, giving them an efficient model that handles large scale unbalanced datasets efficiently with standard classification performance. The models developed in this research can become imperative tools to doctors when large numbers of patients arrive in a short interval especially during epidemics. Since, intervention of machines become a necessity when doctors are scarce, computer applications powered by these models are helpful to diagnose and measure the criticality of the newly arrived patients with the help of the historical data kept in the surveillance database.
Spatial differences in the growth rates of Pocillopora damicornis associated with sedimentation rate and light intensity at Polhena patchy reef, southern Sri Lanka
Authors: Kumara WAA Upasantha , Pradeep Kumara PBT , Cumaranatunga PRT
Published: March 2015

Near shore patchy reef located at the leeward side of the fringing reef at Polhena was surveyed to evaluate spatial patterns of growth rates of Pocillopora damicornis. This study was carried out at three locations of the reef; front, side and back from June to November in 2004. Three sites were selected from each location considering the depth (surface, middle, and bottom). Forty five colonies of P. damicornis which were approximately of the same size were studied. Temperature, dissolved oxygen, BOD5, salinity, pH, soluble reactive phosphorous, turbidity and light intensity of each site were measured fortnightly and their mean values were 28.06 ± 0.24 °C, 8.78 ± 0.15 mg L-1, 1.40 ± 0.32 mg L-1, 31.91 ± 3.49 mg L-1, 8.12 ± 0.04, 8.12 ± 0.01, 20.21 ± 2.05 μg L-1, 5.78 ± 1.20 NTU, and 49.17 ± 1.97 Lux respectively. Sediments in each site were collected using traps and mean overall sedimentation rate for the experimental period was 45860.6 ± 3364.2 ml m-2 day-1 (2620.6 ± 192.2 g m-2 day-1) (n = 36). Growth of coral colonies, which was measured as linear skeletal extension rate (LSER), was 0.15 ± 0.01 mm day-1. Significant differences in mean light intensity, mean sediment volume, and LSER of coral colonies were observed among different sites. The highest sedimentation rate 94818.2 ± 6981.5 ml m-2 day-1 (5418.2 ± 398.9 g m-2 day-1) and the lowest LSER of the colonies (0.05 ± 0.01 mm day-1) were observed at back bottom site. The highest LSER was observed at front surface (0.23 ± 0.01 mm day-1). LSER showed a significant negative correlation (R2 = 0.59) with increased sedimentation rate and low light intensity.Back bottom site of the patchy reef was having comparatively unfavorable conditions for the growth of corals that were subjected to more environmental stress than the corals in other sites of the reefs.Sri Lanka J. Aquat. Sci. 20 (1) (2015): 47-58
Protection of Human Myeloid Dendritic Cell Subsets against Influenza A Virus Infection Is Differentially Regulated upon TLR Stimulation
Authors: Baharom Faezzah , Thomas Saskia , Bieder Andrea , Hellmér Maria , Volz Julia , Sandgren Kerrie J. , McInerney Gerald M. , Karlsson Hedestam Gunilla B. , Mellman Ira , Smed-Sörensen Anna
Published: March 2015

The proinflammatory microenvironment in the respiratory airway induces maturation of both resident and infiltrating dendritic cells (DCs) upon influenza A virus (IAV) infection. This results in upregulation of antiviral pathways as well as modulation of endocytic processes, which affect the susceptibility of DCs to IAV infection. Therefore, it is highly relevant to understand how IAV interacts with and infects mature DCs. To investigate how different subsets of human myeloid DCs (MDCs) involved in tissue inflammation are affected by inflammatory stimulation during IAV infection, we stimulated primary blood MDCs and inflammatory monocyte-derived DCs (MDDCs) with TLR ligands, resulting in maturation. Interestingly, MDDCs but not MDCs were protected against IAV infection after LPS (TLR4) stimulation. In contrast, stimulation with TLR7/8 ligand protected MDCs but not MDDCs from IAV infection. The reduced susceptibility to IAV infection correlated with induction of type I IFNs. We found that differential expression of TLR4, TRIF, and MyD88 in the two MDC subsets regulated the ability of the cells to enter an antiviral state upon maturation. This difference was functionally confirmed using small interfering RNA and inhibitors. Our data show that different human MDC subsets may play distinct roles during IAV infection, as their capacity to induce type I IFNs is dependent on TLR-specific maturation, resulting in differential susceptibility to IAV infection.
Value of Oblique View in Nodular Thyroid Disease; Revisiting Fundamentals
Authors: Elgazzar Abdelhamid , Alenezi Saud , Alshammari Jehan , Ghanem Mohammad , Asa'ad Saqr
Published: March 2015

Thyroid scintigraphy plays an important role in the anatomical and functional evaluation of thyroid nodules which carry the risk of malignancy. The presence of multiple nodules carries overall smaller risk of cancer than solitary nodule. Missing nodules, whether solitary or multiple, may mean delaying detection of possible cancer. Therefore, it is important to improve the delectability of thyroid scintigraphy using most optimal imaging techniques. For pinhole thyroid imaging, there is a recent trend to omit oblique projections by some laboratories. The objective of this study was to reevaluate the impact of oblique projections in the detection of thyroid nodules. A total of 92 cases with nodular thyroid disease on routine pinhole thyroid scintigraphy was reviewed retrospectively. Two nuclear medicine physicians recorded the number of nodules based on the anterior view only and another time with adding the oblique views. A total of 192 nodules was detected using the three views. Sixty nodules (31%) were only seen on the oblique views and were missed on the anterior projections. Oblique pinhole projections are mandatory for adequate thyroid scintigraphy since 31% of nodules are missed if only anterior projection was used for interpretation. Following proper techniques will avoid missing of detection of nodule that may harbor cancer.
On the Maximum Curvature of Closed Curves in Negatively Curved Manifolds
Authors: Brendle Simon , Chodosh Otis
Published: March 2015

Motivated by Almgren’s work on the isoperimetric inequality, we prove a sharp inequality relating the length and maximum curvature of a closed curve in a complete, simply connected manifold of sectional curvature at most −1. Moreover, if equality holds, then the norm of the geodesic curvature is constant and the torsion vanishes. The proof involves an application of the maximum principle to a function defined on pairs of points.
The a Posteriori Error Estimates for Chebyshev-Galerkin Spectral Methods in One Dimension
Authors: Zhou Jianwei
Published: March 2015

In this paper, the Chebyshev-Galerkin spectral approximations are employed to investigate Poisson equations and the fourth order equations in one dimension. Meanwhile, p-version finite element methods with Chebyshev polynomials are utilized to solve Poisson equations. The efficient and reliable a posteriori error estimators are given for different models. Furthermore, the a priori error estimators are derived independently. Some numerical experiments are performed to verify the theoretical analysis for the a posteriori error indicators and a priori error estimations.
Efficient and Accurate Numerical Solutions for Helmholtz Equation in Polar and Spherical Coordinates
Authors: Wang Kun , Wong Yau Shu , Deng Jian
Published: March 2015

This paper presents new finite difference schemes for solving the Helmholtz equation in the polar and spherical coordinates. The most important result presented in this study is that the developed difference schemes are pollution free, and their convergence orders are independent of the wave number k. Let h denote the step size, it will be demonstrated that when solving the Helmholtz equation at large wave numbers and considering kh is fixed, the errors of the proposed new schemes decrease as h decreases even when k is increasing and kh > 1.
The Split-Operator Technique for the Study of Spinorial Wavepacket Dynamics
Authors: Chaves A. , Farias G. A. , Peeters F. M. , Ferreira R.
Published: March 2015

The split-operator technique for wave packet propagation in quantum systems is expanded here to the case of propagatingwave functions describing Schrödinger particles, namely, charge carriers in semiconductor nanostructures within the effective mass approximation, in the presence of Zeeman effect, as well as of Rashba and Dresselhaus spin-orbit interactions. We also demonstrate that simple modifications to the expanded technique allow us to calculate the time evolution of wave packets describing Dirac particles, which are relevant for the study of transport properties in graphene.
Accurate Simulation of Circular and Elliptic Cylindrical Invisibility Cloaks
Authors: Yang Zhiguo , Wang Li-Lian
Published: March 2015

The coordinate transformation offers a remarkable way to design cloaks that can steer electromagnetic fields so as to prevent waves from penetrating into thecloaked region(denoted by Ω0, where the objects inside are invisible to observers outside). The ideal circular and elliptic cylindrical cloaked regions are blown up from a point and a line segment, respectively so the transformed material parameters and the corresponding coefficients of the resulted equations are highly singular at the cloaking boundary ∂Ω0. The electric field or magnetic field is not continuous across ∂Ω0. The imposition of appropriatecloaking boundary conditions(CBCs) to achieve perfect concealment is a crucial but challenging issue.

Based upon the principle that a well-behaved electromagnetic field in the original space must be well-behaved in the transformed space as well, we obtain CBCs that intrinsically relate to the essential “pole” conditions of a singular transformation. We also find that for the elliptic cylindrical cloak, the CBCs should be imposed differently for the cosine-elliptic and sine-elliptic components of the decomposed fields. With these at our disposal, we can rigorously show that the governing equation in Ω0can be decoupled from the exterior region, and the total fields in the cloaked region vanish under mild conditions. We emphasize that our proposal of CBCs is different from any existing ones.

Using the exact circular (resp., elliptic) Dirichlet-to-Neumann (DtN) non-reflecting boundary conditions to reduce the unbounded domainto a bounded domain, we introduce an accurate and efficient Fourier-Legendre spectral-element method (FLSEM) (resp., Mathieu-Legendre spectral-element method (MLSEM)) to simulate the circular cylindrical cloak (resp., elliptic cylindrical cloak). We provide ample numerical results to demonstrate that the perfect concealment of waves can be achieved for the ideal circular/elliptic cylindrical cloaks under our proposed CBCs and accurate numerical solvers.
Population-Wide Malaria Testing and Treatment with Rapid Diagnostic Tests and Artemether-Lumefantrine in Southern Zambia: A Community Randomized Step-Wedge Control Trial Design
Authors: Larsen David A. , Bennett Adam , Silumbe Kafula , Hamainza Busiku , Yukich Joshua O. , Keating Joseph , Littrell Megan , Miller John M. , Steketee Richard W. , Eisele Thomas P.
Published: March 2015

Reducing the human reservoir of malaria parasites is critical for elimination. We conducted a community randomized controlled trial in Southern Province, Zambia to assess the impact of three rounds of a mass test and treatment (MTAT) intervention on malaria prevalence and health facility outpatient case incidence using random effects logistic regression and negative binomial regression, respectively. Following the intervention, children in the intervention group had lower odds of a malaria infection than individuals in the control group (adjusted odds ratio = 0.47, 95% confidence interval [CI] = 0.24–0.90). Malaria outpatient case incidence decreased 17% in the intervention group relative to the control group (incidence rate ratio = 0.83, 95% CI = 0.68–1.01). Although a single year of MTAT reduced malaria prevalence and incidence, the impact of the intervention was insufficient to reduce transmission to a level approaching elimination where a strategy of aggressive case investigations could be used. Mass drug administration, more sensitive diagnostics, and gametocidal drugs may potentially improve interventions targeting the human reservoir of malaria parasites.
Decreasing Disparities in Infant Survival Using Surveillance Data from Burkina Faso
Authors: Schoeps Anja , Kynast-Wolf Gisela , Nesbitt Robin C. , Müller Olaf , Sié Ali , Becher Heiko
Published: March 2015

We assessed changes in the effect size of risk factors for infant mortality comparing a birth cohort from 2005 to 2010 with a birth cohort from 1993 to 1999 in the Nouna Health and Demographic Surveillance System (HDSS) in Burkina Faso. Single- and three-level Cox proportional hazards regression models were used for analysis. Independent variables among others included year of birth, ethnicity, religion, age of the mother, birth order, death of the mother, being a twin, and distance to the closest health facility. We observed an infant mortality rate of about 51/1,000 person-years. The strongest risk factors were death of the mother and being a twin, which were also the strongest risk factors from the previous analysis period. Compared with the period 1993–1999, the effect of most risk factors decreased, notably ethnicity, religious affiliation, distance to the closest health facility, birth order, and season of birth. The strongest reduction in mortality occurred in the groups with the previously highest infant mortality rates in 1993–1999.
Triatominae Survey (Hemiptera: Reduviidae: Triatominae) in the South-Central Region of the State of Bahia, Brazil Between 2008 and 2013
Authors: Mendonça Vagner José , de Oliveira Jader , Rimoldi Aline , Filho Júlio C. R. Ferreira , de Araújo Renato Freitas , da Rosa João Aristeu
Published: March 2015

Triatomine surveillance in rural areas, artificial ecotypes, and natural ecotopes of the cities of Caturama, Ibipitanga, Macaúbas, and Seabra in the south-central region of the Brazilian state of Bahia was carried out between 2008 and 2013. Natural infection by Trypanosoma cruzi was evaluated in the specimens collected to monitor vectors of Chagas disease. A total of 1,357 specimens were collected, and four species were identified: Triatoma sordida (83%), Triatoma lenti (16.4%), Triatoma pseudomaculata (0.5%), and Panstrongylus geniculatus (0.1%). Triatoma sordida was found in four cities, only 0.7% in intradomiciliary environments. Triatoma lenti was found only in Macaúbas; 8.5% were found in intradomiciliary environments, 88.3% in peridomiciliary environments, and 3.1% in sylvatic environments. Natural infection by T. cruzi was 0.5% for T. sordida and 3.1% T. lenti. All of these cases were found in peridomiciliary environments of Macaúbas. As the results show, triatomines were found in intradomiciliary environments in three cities that were surveyed in the south-central region of the state of Bahia. Thus, an epidemiologic survey should be performed to avoid the risk of transmission to the population.
Molecular Detection of Fastidious and Common Bacteria as Well as Plasmodium spp. in Febrile and Afebrile Children in Franceville, Gabon
Authors: Mourembou Gaël , Fenollar Florence , Socolovschi Cristina , Lemamy Guy Joseph , Nzoughe Hermann , Kouna Lady Charlene , Toure-Ndouo Fousseyni , Million Matthieu , Mbiguino Angelique Ndjoyi , Lekana-Douki Jean Bernard , Raoult Didier
Published: March 2015

Malaria was considered as the main cause of fever in Africa. However, with the roll back malaria initiative, the causes of fever in Africa may change. This study aimed to evaluate the prevalence of bacteria and Plasmodium spp. in febrile and afebrile (controls) children from Franceville, Gabon. About 793 blood samples from febrile children and 100 from controls were analyzed using polymerase chain reaction (PCR) coupled with sequencing. Plasmodium spp. was the microorganism most detected in febrile (74.5%, 591/793) and controls (13%, 13/100), P < 0.0001. Its coinfection with bacteria was found only in febrile children (P = 0.0001). Staphylococcus aureus was the most prevalent bacterium in febrile children (2.8%, 22/793) and controls (3%, 3/100). Eight cases of Salmonella spp. (including two Salmonella enterica serovar Paratyphi) and two of Streptococcus pneumoniae were found only among febrile children. Borrelia spp. was found in 2 controls while Rickettsia felis was detected in 10 children (in 8 febriles and 2 afebriles). No DNA of other targeted microorganisms was detected. Plasmodium spp. remains prevalent while Salmonella spp., Staphylococcus aureus, and Streptococcus pneumoniae were common bacteria in Gabon. Two fastidious bacteria, Rickettsia felis and Borrelia spp., were found. Inclusion of controls should improve the understanding of the causes of fever in sub-Saharan Africa.
The Influence of Diet on the Use of Near-Infrared Spectroscopy to Determine the Age of Female Aedes aegypti Mosquitoes
Authors: Liebman Kelly , Swamidoss Isabel , Vizcaino Lucrecia , Lenhart Audrey , Dowell Floyd , Wirtz Robert
Published: March 2015

Interventions targeting adult mosquitoes are used to combat transmission of vector-borne diseases, including dengue. Without available vaccines, targeting the primary vector, Aedes aegypti, is essential to prevent transmission. Older mosquitoes (≥ 7 days) are of greatest epidemiological significance due to the 7-day extrinsic incubation period of the virus. Age-grading of female mosquitoes is necessary to identify post-intervention changes in mosquito population age structure. We developed models using near-infrared spectroscopy (NIRS) to age-grade adult female Ae. aegypti. To determine if diet affects the ability of NIRS models to predict age, two identical larval groups were fed either fish food or infant cereal. Adult females were separated and fed sugar water ± blood, resulting in four experimental groups. Females were killed 1, 4, 7, 10, 13, or 16 days postemergence. The head/thorax of each mosquito was scanned using a near-infrared spectrometer. Scans from each group were analyzed, and multiple models were developed using partial least squares regression. The best model included all experimental groups, and positively predicted the age group (< or ≥ 7 days) of 90.2% mosquitoes. These results suggest both larval and adult diets can affect the ability of NIRS models to accurately assign age categories to female Ae. aegypti.
A tropospheric chemistry reanalysis for the years 2005–2012 based on an assimilation of OMI, MLS, TES and MOPITT satellite data
Authors: Miyazaki K. , Eskes H. J. , Sudo K.
Published: March 2015

Abstract. We present the results from an eight-year tropospheric chemistry reanalysis for the period 2005–2012 obtained by assimilating multiple retrieval data sets from the OMI, MLS, TES, and MOPITT satellite instruments. The reanalysis calculation was conducted using a global chemical transport model and an ensemble Kalman filter technique that simultaneously optimises the chemical concentrations of various species and emissions of several precursors. The optimisation of both the concentration and the emission fields is an efficient method to correct the entire tropospheric profile and its year-to-year variations, and to adjust various tracers chemically linked to the species assimilated. Comparisons against independent aircraft, satellite, and ozonesonde observations demonstrate the quality of the analysed O3, NO2, and CO concentrations on regional and global scales and for both seasonal and year-to-year variations from the lower troposphere to the lower stratosphere. The data assimilation statistics imply persistent reduction of model error and improved representation of emission variability, but also show that discontinuities in the availability of the measurements lead to a degradation of the reanalysis. The decrease in the number of assimilated measurements increased the ozonesonde minus analysis difference after 2010 and caused spurious variations in the estimated emissions. The Northern/Southern Hemisphere OH ratio was modified considerably due to the multiple species assimilation and became closer to an observational estimate, which played an important role in propagating observational information among various chemical fields and affected the emission estimates. The consistent concentration and emission products provide unique information on year-to-year variations of the atmospheric environment.
Are dayside long-period pulsations related to the cusp?
Authors: Pilipenko V. , Belakhovsky V. , Engebretson M. J. , Kozlovsky A. , Yeoman T.
Published: March 2015

Abstract. We compare simultaneous observations of long-period ultra-low-frequency (ULF) wave activity from a Svalbard/IMAGE fluxgate magnetometer latitudinal profile covering the expected cusp geomagnetic latitudes. Irregular Pulsations at Cusp Latitudes (IPCL) and narrowband Pc5 waves are found to be a ubiquitous element of ULF activity in the dayside high-latitude region. To identify the ionospheric projections of the cusp, we use the width of return signal of the Super Dual Auroral Radar Network (SuperDARN) radar covering the Svalbard archipelago, predictions of empirical cusp models, augmented whenever possible by Defense Meteorological Satellite Program (DMSP) identification of magnetospheric boundary domains. The meridional spatial structure of broadband dayside Pc5–6 pulsation spectral power has been found to have a localized latitudinal peak, not under the cusp proper as was previously thought, but several degrees southward from the equatorward cusp boundary. The earlier claims of the dayside monochromatic Pc5 wave association with the open–closed boundary also seems doubtful. Transient currents producing broadband Pc5–6 probably originate at the low-latitude boundary layer/central plasma sheet (LLBL/CPS) interface, though such identification with available DMSP data is not very precise. The occurrence of broadband Pc5–6 pulsations in the dayside boundary layers is a challenge to modelers because so far their mechanism has not been firmly identified.
Conversion of organic micropollutants with limited bromate formation during the Peroxone process in drinking water treatment
Authors: Knol A. H. , Lekkerkerker-Teunissen K. , Houtman C. J. , Scheideler J. , Ried A. , van Dijk J. C.
Published: March 2015

Abstract. Advanced oxidation with O3/H2O2 (peroxone) is conducted on pilot plant scale on pre-treated Meuse river water to investigate the conversion of organic micropollutants (OMPs) and the formation of bromate. Fourteen selected model compounds are dosed to the pre-treated river water on a regular basis to assess the efficiency of the peroxone process and to establish the influence of the water matrix. The height of the ozone dose is the main factor in the conversion of the model compounds. The conversion of OMPs can be increased by further increasing the ozone dose, however, the ozone dose is limited concerning the bromate formation. The hydrogen peroxide dosage has only a~minor effect on the conversion, but it limits the bromate formation effectively. In terms of limited chemical consumption, maximal conversion and adherence to the strict Dutch guideline for bromate in drinking water, a practical full-scale setting is 6 mg L−1 hydrogen peroxide and 1.5 mg L−1 ozone. During the investigation period, the average conversion of the model compounds was 78.9%. The conversion of OMPs is higher at higher water temperatures and lower concentrations of DOC and bicarbonate. The bromate formation also is higher at higher water temperature and lower bicarbonate concentration and proportional with the bromide concentration, above a threshold of about 32 μg L−1 bromide, below which no bromate is formed. The peroxone process can be controlled on basis of the (derived) parameters water temperature, bicarbonate and DOC.
First Sentinel-1 detections of avalanche debris
Authors: Malnes E. , Eckerstorfer M. , Vickers H.
Published: March 2015

Abstract. Snow avalanches are natural hazards, occurring in snow covered mountain terrain worldwide. Present avalanche research and forecasting relies on complete avalanche activity records in a given area over an entire winter season, which cannot be provided with traditional, mainly field based methods. Remote sensing, using weather, and light independent SAR satellites has the potential of filling these data gaps, however, to date their use was limited by high acquisition costs, long repeat cycles, and small ground swath. Sentinel-1A (S1A), on the other hand, operational since October 2014 provides free-of-charge, 20 m spatial resolution, 250 km × 150 km ground swath images every 12 days. In this paper, we present for the first time, that it is possible to detect avalanche debris using S1A images. We successfully apply a change detection method that enhances avalanche debris zones, by comparing repeat pass images before and after the avalanche occurred. Due to the increase in backscatter from avalanche debris, manual detection is possible. With this first proof-of-concept, we show the detection of 489 avalanche debris zones in a S1A image from 6 January 2015, covering the counties Troms and parts of Nordland in Northern Norway. We validate our avalanche detection using very high resolution Radarsat-2 Ultrafine images, as well as extensive field reconnaissance. Our results give us confidence, that S1A detection of avalanches is a critical step towards operational use of SAR avalanche detection in avalanche forecasting.
Mastering the Chargemaster: Minimizing Price-Gouging and Exposing the Structural Flaws in the Healthcare "Market"
Authors: McLean John T. , Datar Vinay
Published: March 2015

In his seminal article, Bitter Pill: Why Medical Bills Are Killing Us,1 Steven Brill recounts stories of Americans of modest to comfortable means, whose lives were turned upside-down, not just by tragic illness; but, by the cost of the cure.
Statutory Requirements for Artificial Insemination: A Sperm Donor's Fight to Let Go of His Rights
Authors: Forman Benjamin T.
Published: March 2015

In 2009, an auto-mechanic from Topeka, Kansas by the name of William Marotta answered a Craigslist ad posted by Angela Bauer and Jennifer Schreiner, a lesbian couple seeking a private sperm donor for artificial insemination.
Teaching Life Writing Texts in Europe
Authors: Kersten Dennis , Mreijen Anne-Marie
Published: March 2015

Although courses on auto/biography and life writing are taught at different universities in Europe, and elements of contemporary life writing issues are addressed in different disciplines like sociology and history, life writing courses, as described in Teaching Life Writing Texts, are certainly not taught at all European universities. Also, quite a few teachers of life writing courses have to devise their own curricula and syllabi – as Richard Holmes demonstrated in  "The Proper Study?”, an essay on teaching auto/biography -  treading on unknown territory and unable to share their experiences with their colleagues. Apart from this, some life writing courses at European universities have had to make room for other courses when budgets are tight, as they are these days. Other university teachers struggle with the institutional framework they have to work in, operating in a specific faculty or masters programme context which poses limits as to which subjects to choose from and to discuss with the students. With these problems in mind, we thought it useful to share our experiences with other European teachers of life writing classes, and introduce a new cluster to the Journal of European Journal of Life Writing: “Teaching Life Writing in Europe.”In this cluster articles will be published which focus on the daily experience of teaching life writing classes, addressing questions like how to design a course about life writing that logically builds on and follows from your students’ knowledge, expertise and reading experience and does justice to current research as well. This article was submitted to the European Journal of Life Writing in December 2014 and published on 16 March 2015.