bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
INVESTIGATION of CLASSROOM TEACHERS' TECHNOLOGICAL PEDAGOGICAL CONTENT KNOWLEDGE in THE CONTEXT of MATHEMATICS TEACHING for INCLUSIVE STUDENTS
Authors: BİLGİÇ Emrah , ÜNVEREN BİLGİÇ Emine Nur
Published: November 2023

Mathematics teaching has a special place in the process of implementing successful inclusion practices (SIP) for students with special needs (SWD). However, during the process of teaching mathematics skills to SWD, various learning problems are experienced for different reasons, and inclusion cannot be fully achieved. In order to eliminate or minimize this problem situation, effective mathematics teaching should be carried out. In order to achieve this goal, it is very important to make adaptations to SWD by using technological pedagogical content knowledge (TPACK) in mathematics teaching. Based on this importance, the aim of the study is to examine the TPACK of classroom teachers regarding their implementation of SIP in the process of teaching mathematics to SWD. The research has a qualitative research paradigm. In this context, the research model was determined as a multiple-case study. The participants of the study consisted of eight classroom teachers determined by criterion sampling method. The "Semi-structured Interview Form" developed by the researchers was used as a data collection tool. In this context, the answers given by the participants to the interview questions were subjected to descriptive analysis within the framework of themes, sub-themes, and common codes created by the researchers. As a result of the analysis, it was concluded that the classroom teachers' competencies in technology and content knowledge (mathematics and special education) varied. There are some positive aspects (advantages) and negative aspects (disadvantages) of using technology in both general education and mathematics education, they include the use of technology in different aspects of the presentation and evaluation processes of mathematics teaching within the scope of SIP, and they also need additional services such as developing TPACK competencies in the mathematics teaching process, providing devices, infrastructure facilities and training for this purpose. The findings obtained from the study were discussed within the framework of the literature, and limitations and suggestions for further research were stated.
Yeni Bir Ürün: RAOH Icetea
Authors: Uçan Türkmen Filiz , Eren Burçin , Bayoğlu Elif Büşra , İşbilir Sevcan
Published: November 2023

Bu çalışmada, %100 saf ve doğal icetea (soğuk çay) üretmek amacıyla ananas, portakal ve hurma meyveleri kullanılarak gül suyu ve demlenmiş çay ilavesi ile tamamen özgün ve yeni bir ürün elde edilmesi amaçlanmıştır. Farklı meyveler kullanılarak (Elma, Portakal, Mango, Limon) ve oranlar değiştirilerek 7 farklı deneme yapılmıştır. Denemeler sonucunda tadımcıların en çok beğendiği 1.deneme “RAOH (Rose, Ananas, Orange, Hurma) Icetea” olmuştur. Bu amaçla pastörize edilen RAOH icetea içeceğinde pH, titrasyon asitliği tayini (TA), suda çözünür kuru madde miktarı (SÇKM), su aktivitesi, renk, HMF, pektinmetilesteraz (PME) aktivite tayini, toplam fenolik madde miktarı tayini, toplam karotenoid madde miktarı tayini, askorbik asit tayini, antioksidan aktivite tayini, esmerleşme indeksi, duyusal analiz ve viskozite tayinleri yapılmıştır. RAOH Icetea’nin pH değeri 4.07, SÇKM değeri 6.43, TA değeri 0.2 g 100mL-1, su aktivitesi değeri 0.991, PME değeri %3.67, toplam fenolik madde miktarı değeri 663.23 mg L-1, toplam karotenoid madde miktarı 7.69 mg L-1, antioksidan aktivite değeri % 60.24, askorbik asit değeri 44.29 mg L-1 ve renk analizi değerleri ise L*:8.38, a*:2.32, b*:8.23, C*:8.55, Hue*:74.17’dir. Bu çalışma ile, RAOH Icetea içeceği yeni bir ürün olarak değerlendirilmiş ve pastörizasyon uygulamasının kalite parametreleri üzerindeki etkisi de bu çalışma ile ortaya koyulmuştur.
Workplace Violence and its contributing factors in healthcare workers of Peshawar Khyber Pakhtunkhwa Pakistan
Authors:   Senior Lecturer, Shifa Tameer e Milat University Islamabad, Jan Khaliq
Published: November 2023

Objective: To find the frequency of various types of violence and its contributing factors among healthcare workers in tertiary healthcare hospitals of Peshawar. Study Design: Cross-sectional study. Place and Duration: Emergency Department, Khyber Teaching Hospital Peshawar, Peshawar, from 1st January 2021 to June 30, 2021. Methodology: A sample size of 400 healthcare professionals from three hospitals was determined using open epi simple size calculator. The selection of participants was conducted using a non-probability convenient sampling approach. Data was collected using a pretested structured questionnaire after the participants' informed permission was acquired. Healthcare professionals include individuals such as physicians and registered nurses. Results: Most healthcare employees, 97.5%, said they did not experience physical abuse. A total of 1.5% of participants reported experiencing being assaulted once, whereas 1.0% reported experiencing physical assault two to three times. The mean and standard deviation for the latter group were calculated to be 1.04±0.232. A total of 37.2% of respondents said they did not experience any verbal abuse during the previous year. A total of 14.8% of respondents reported experiencing verbal harassment at least once, while 31.8% indicated facing verbal abuse two to three times. Additionally, 16.2% reported encountering verbal abuse more than four times during the last year. These findings yielded a mean of 2.27 occurrences of verbal abuse, with a standard deviation of 1.127. Conclusion: Verbal abuse is a pervasive concern in healthcare, often coupled with physical and emotional aggression. Keywords: Aggression, Abuse, Physical Violence, Psychological Violence, Health Care Providers, Medical Staff. How to Cite This: Jan k, Gul R, Khalil KR, Hassan F, Hameed N, Hamid R. Workplace Violence and its contributing factors in healthcare workers of Peshawar Khyber Pakhtunkhwa Pakistan. Isra Med J. 2023; 15(1): 15-19. DOI: https://doi.org/10.55282/imj.oa1369 This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution-Noncommercial 4.0 International License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.
The Insights of Japanese Street Stall Management and Cultural Design for the Development of China’s Street Economy
Authors: Wu Zhen , Wu Muyang , Yan Baidian
Published: November 2023

In the development processes of many countries, changes in economic policies, insufficient driving forces for economic development, and financial crises leading to rising unemployment have resulted in the expansion of the street economy. As a significant component of informal employment, the street economy holds crucial significance in addressing livelihood issues and promoting urban economic growth. Therefore, measures and policies that regulate, guide, and support the development of the street economy need to be implemented. This paper, through the compilation of data and relevant research works on street economies in China and Japan, explores the relevance and insights of Japanese street stall management and cultural design for the development of China's street economy. It begins by discussing the background of Japan's street stall economy, conducting a detailed analysis of the effectiveness of its management models and the uniqueness of its cultural design, highlighting the advantages of Japanese street stalls. Next, it introduces the current status of China's street economy development and emphasizes the current attention on the "micro" economy, along with the pressing issues it faces. It then compares the street economies of both China and Japan, emphasizing the strengths of Japan's street economy and the shortcomings in China's low-carbon economic development. Taking into account the development status of China's street economy, it examines the relevance and insights for China's street economy development. Finally, it concludes by summarizing the significant potential of street economy development and suggests the importance of establishing clear legal provisions to positively influence its growth.
How can Corporate Assistance Help Rural Revitalization? Empirical Evidence and Case Study from Wangmo County, Guizhou Province
Authors: Zhang Desheng , Zhou Junchao , Zhang Zhaowei
Published: November 2023

In the comprehensive promotion of rural revitalization today, how enterprises play a key role to help rural revitalization, is a question worth discussing. The previous study mainly discussed the correlation between enterprise assistance and rural revitalization from the perspectives of inclusive finance, digital economy and industrial structure. However, the influence mechanism of enterprise assistance on rural revitalization and typical case studies are not systematic enough. Therefore, this paper selects 12 villages in Wangmo County, Guizhou Province as samples, uses panel data to empirically test and analyze the relationship between enterprise assistance and rural revitalization, and takes Luolang Village's "four-party agreement" model as a typical case to analyze. The study found that enterprise assistance has a significant positive role in promoting rural revitalization, and the "four-party agreement" model has played an important role in poverty alleviation. Through the organic cooperation of the government, enterprises, leading enterprises and farmers, this model successfully established the development pattern of the whole industrial chain and realized the stable poverty alleviation of Luolang Village. This study verified the positive impact of enterprise assistance on rural revitalization, enriched the theoretical model of enterprise participation in rural revitalization, and provided a framework for the application and improvement of the "four-party agreement" model. This has important reference value for promoting enterprises to deepen rural revitalization.
Prototipo de guianza en realidad aumentada para turismo cultural y ecoturístico en la región cundiboyacense- Colombia
Authors:   Escuela Tecnológica Instituto Técnico Central, Paez Jaime Alberto , García Rivas Andrea
Published: November 2023

Para el desarrollo del proyecto de investigación, se pretende caracterizar los sitios de turismo cultural y ecoturístico de la región cundiboyacense de Colombia, diagnosticar cómo es la visibilidad de los sitios encontrados para resaltar su importancia como patrimonio cultural e histórico a través de la realidad aumentada; Se busca además, generar producción académica sobre la relevancia histórica y cultural de los sitios escogidos desde la importancia histórica, económica, social y ambiental, además de la trazabilidad de la cadena de abastecimiento de los sitios culturales y ecoturísticos, con la intención de impactar en el sector en la obtención de un modelo de visibilidad digital que permita a los lugares darse a conocer en diferentes renglones de la economía, en especial, en los renglones agropecuarios, históricos, comerciales y ambientales en los lugares que tengan una solidez de manejo ya sea formal e informal y a través de los auxiliares de los programas de formación asociados al proyecto; como lo son los de ingeniería de sistemas, comunicación social y de administración de empresas. Lo anterior, debido a las tendencias en el sector turístico en Colombia que guiarán la investigación, están influenciadas por la normatividad de integración educativa del ministerio de comercio y turismo, además de, adopción mundial de la tecnología informática en especial la nueva de comunicación tipo 5G, la Realidad aumentada, máquinas con un poder de aprendizaje más que impresionante (Smart), el Dark Social, las redes sociales, la tendencia SEO del turismo mundial en los buscadores digitales, manager chanel, los chatbots, la inteligencia artificial y la normatividad especial para las empresas turísticas y comerciales mejoren la reactivación económica mundial después de la pandemia del COVID-19. La investigación pretende caracterizar el nivel de importancia económica, social y ambiental de los sitios de la región cundiboyacense de Colombia para luego diseñar las libretos, protocolos necesarios para dar la mayor visibilidad de cada uno de los entornos escogidos y a partir, de los resultados se diseñará un modelo de realidad aumentada en donde la información relevante de cada uno de los sitios se presente una variedad de información encriptada en un paquete tipo Big Data, con el fin de mostrar la mayor cantidad de información desde los ámbitos económicos, sociales, ambientales y turísticos, por último diseñar una aplicación tipo Realidad aumentada en donde se presente toda la información de relevancia para el turista nacional o extranjero y con ello puedan tener, manejar y conocer la información necesaria de los sitios con la seguridad y confianza de su apoyo informático y con esto se puede mejorar la competitividad de la región en estudio Se realizó Invitación de Estudiantes auxiliares de investigación de la facultad de ingeniería Bogotá de Universidad cooperativa.
La tècnica del marouflage a Catalunya. Estudi tècnic i pràctic dels adhesius emprats
Authors:   , Torrents Mayà Elena
Published: November 2023

The marouflage technique is an artistic procedure that dates back to the 16th - 17th centuries and consists of the adhesion of a polychromatic flexible support to a more rigid support, using an adhesive. This academic work deals specifically with the fabric support adhered to a wall. Within the theoretical framework, the different terms and techniques are defined that we must not confuse with marouflage, an historical research of its use, with special attention to the ones located in Catalonia. The second part of the work focuses on an experimental study through test tubes to test the adhesion between the supports (fabric and wall) through the application of different adhesives to finally draw conclusions from the comparison of the results. Through this TFG it is intended to increase knowledge around this little-known technique and propose new lines of research to future curators.
ASSESSMENT OF THE CURRENT STATE OF THE MARKET AND PROCEDURE FOR LENDING TO SUBJECTS OF TOURISM SERVICES OF THE REPUBLIC OF UZBEKISTAN
Authors: Maqsudov Orif Shakirovich
Published: November 2023

This article is devoted to the consideration of issues regarding the assessment of the current state of the tourismservices market, as well as the procedure for crediting business entities in this area. The analysis of loans issued bycommercial banks of the republic, as well as the analysis of loans issued by commercial banks of the Samarkand regionhas been carried out.
Fostering employee creativity through creativity-contingent extrinsic and intrinsic rewards that emphasise creativity: A systematic review of creativity academic papers
Authors: Muzafary Sayed Sami , Wafayar Zalmay , Sukhandan Mohammad Nasim , Fetrat Mohammad Ali , Mdletshe Bonga B , Bahrami Mohammad Bashir
Published: November 2023

Creativity is widely believed to be necessary to increase quality performance. Thus, in today’s more challenging and competitive environment, the contemporary organization frequently utilizes rewards practices to stimulate creative activities among employees. Existing research on reward practices shows evidence that creativity contingent rewards play a vital role in improving employee creative performance. This study presents a systematic review of extrinsic and intrinsic rewards that contribute to creativity and their effect on employee creativity. The findings show that regardless of the degree of importance of the rewards perceived by the employee, both the extrinsic and intrinsic rewards were positively correlated with the behaviour of creativity behavior. Interestingly, the results showed that creativity-contingent intrinsic rewards have relatively stronger effects on employee creativity when compared to creativity-contingent extrinsic rewards.
Analisis Pengendalian Risiko Kecelakaan Kerja Bagian Mekanik Pada Proyek PLTU Ampana (2x3 MW) Menggunakan Metode Job Safety Analysis (JSA)
Authors: Balili Stevana , Yuamita Ferida
Published: November 2023

Proyek PLTU Ampana (2x3 MW) merupakan proyek di bawah naungan PT PLN (Persero) UPP KITRING SULTENG. Proyek ini dibangun dan di opersaikan dengan bantuan manusia dan mesin. Adapun tujuan dari proyek ini adalah membangun dan mengoperasikan Pembangkit Listrik Tenaga Uap (PLTU) di Kabupaten Tojo Una-una yang merupakan salah satu tanggung jawab PT PLN (Persero) dalam menyalurkan listrik di Indonesia, Karena proyek yang begitu besar dan pengoperasiannya dilakukan 1 X 24 jam maka memiliki risiko bahaya bagi para pekerja khususnya para mekerja mekanik. Apabila tidak dilakukan pengendalian risiko lecelakaan kerja maka akan sangat berbahaya. Oleh karena itu metode Job Safety Analysis di pilih untuk menyelesaikan permasalahan. yang berisi daftar pekerjaan, jumlah pekerja, lokasi atau lingkungan kerja. Dengan menggunakan metode Job Safety Analysis para pekerja mekanik dapat mengerti bahaya yang akan terjadi jika tidak memenuhi JSA.
 
Kata Kunci: K3, Potensi Bahaya, Manajemen Risiko, Job Safety Analysis, Matriks Analysis
Efesiensi Biaya Persediaan Bahan Baku Pembuatan Paving Block Menggunakan Metode Heuristic Silver Meal
Authors: Lubis Fitriani Surrayya , Farahitari Belia Gusti , Harpito  , Yola Melfa , Nofirza
Published: November 2023

Pengendalian persedian bahan baku perlu dilakukan untuk meminimalkan biaya penyimpanan dan pemesanan bahan baku. Usaha Batu R/A Berlian Jaya merupakan sebuah perusahaan industri yang kegiatan utamanya adalah memproduksi paving block. Permasalahan yang sering terjadi pada saat proses produksi paving block adalah bahan baku yang tersedia dalam gudang tidak sesuai dengan kebutuhan produksi, sehingga mengganggu proses produksi yang sedang berjalan, hal ini terjadi karena belum adanya metode perhitungan ilmiah yang dapat dijadikan acuan untuk pengadaan bahan baku. Permintaan paving block di Usaha Batu R/A Berlian Jaya bersifat fluktuatif sehingga diperlukan metode khusus untuk menangani permasalahan tersebut. Heuristic silver meal merupakan salah satu metode pengendalian persediaan khusus untuk permintaan fluktuatif, dengan pendekatan heuristic yang dapat memberikan solusi mendekati optimal secara cepat dan mudah. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui berapa banyak bahan baku yang harus dipesan per periode untuk memenuhi kebutuhan produksi menggunakan metode heuristic silver meal dan efesiensi yang diperoleh menggunakan metode heuristic silver meal. Hasil penelitian menunjukan bahwa dengan menggunakan metode heuristic silver meal dapat mengefesiensi biaya persedian bahan baku sebesar 20,04%.
Educação, clandestinidade e cultura política: a denúncia como princípio e recurso educativo nas páginas de A Classe Operária
Authors: Müller Marieli Elena , Santos Eduarda Thaís dos , Almeida Diego Orgel Dal Bosco
Published: November 2023

O objetivo central deste artigo é apresentar os resultados parciais de uma investigação acerca do papel educativo do jornal A Classe Operária, que circulou clandestinamente durante a ditadura militar brasileira (1964-1985). Relacionando os conceitos de educação, clandestinidade e cultura política, além de considerar referenciais metodológicos ligados aos potenciais usos da fonte jornal para a História da Educação, a análise de vinte (20) edições deste periódico, entre 1967 e 1969, demonstrou que A Classe Operária foi um importante instrumento de educação para os comunistas na clandestinidade. Em suas páginas, a denúncia teve centralidade como princípio e recurso educativo. Como princípio, teve a função de disseminar valores, crenças, convicções e pressupostos associados à cultura política comunista, o que já era uma prática educativa desde o seu surgimento em 1925. Como recurso, serviu como um disseminador de valores que enfatizavam o comprometimento, a solidariedade e a lealdade com a organização partidária, além da capacidade de enfrentar riscos e adversidades, principalmente quando a militância comunista precisou atuar na clandestinidade, entre fins dos anos 1960 e meados dos 1970.
Correlation of Rheumatoid Arthritis with Interleukin-38 and its Polymorphism (rs6743376)
Authors:   University of Lahore, Pakistan, Ibrahim Islemeh Mohammed Issa , Mubarak Bushra ,   University of Lahore, Pakistan, Elahi Amina ,   University of Lahore, Pakistan
Published: November 2023

Among autoimmune disorders, rheumatoid arthritis is one of the most prevalent. The IL-1 family and the IL36 subfamily both include interleukin-38. IL-38 is anti-inflammatory cytokine. IL-38 is essential for inflammation control and host defense. In the Pakistani population, this research intends to evaluate the relationship flanked by IL-38 levels and its polymorphism (rs 6743376) C>A and rheumatoid arthritis. Eighty samples in total were included and divided into sick and control groups. IL-38 levels were measured through ELISA. For the SNP of IL-38, an allele-specific polymerase chain reaction assay was applied. All subjects' serum levels of CRP, RF, and ACCP were assessed. 70% of patients had negative CRP tests, while 30% had positive CRP tests. All of the patients' RF and ACCP tests came back positive. As the p-value was smaller than (0.001), a significant difference was observed in the mean ESR test values between patients and controls. IL-38 concentration was higher in the RA having a mean value of 26.8621. In comparison to homozygous allele (CC) and heterozygous allele (AC), patients with homozygous allele (AA) are more common. Contrarily, the control group revealed that the homozygous allele (CC) was more prevalent than the homozygous allele (AA) and heterozygous allele (AC). When compared to homozygous allele (CC) and heterozygous allele (AC), IL-38 rs6743376 (A/A) is related with a higher risk of developing RA illness. In contrast to heterozygous (A/A) allele, homozygous (C/C) allele and heterozygous (A/C) allele are protective in RA. According to this study, IL-38 homozygous alleles (CC) and heterozygous alleles (AC) are associated with a lower probability of developing RA than heterozygous alleles (AA).
Are ageing Nordic welfare states sustainable? An analysis of pension and care policies in Finland and Sweden
Authors: Väänänen Niko
Published: November 2023

Introduction: The article discusses the aging population in Nordic countries, focusing on Sweden and Finland, where the median age has steadily increased since 1950. The text emphasizes the impact of demographic changes on the old-age dependency ratio and the subsequent implications for the welfare stateObjective: It is examination and comparison of the aging policies of Nordic countries, with a specific focus on Finland and Sweden. The author aims to shed light on the differences in pension and long-term care systems between these two nations, challenging the perception of a common "Nordic pension model."Materials and methods: The article employs a theoretical background based on the "intergenerational reciprocity trichotomy" developed by André Masson. The methodological approach utilized in the research is that of a "comparative case study." The author analyzes the pension and long-term care systems of Finland and Sweden, reviewing key indicators, policy documents, and relevant research literature.Results: While the Swedish system is financially robust, it encounters political challenges due to low public pension levels, prompting discussions about potential reforms, such as increasing contribution rates for higher benefits. Finland's public pension system, characterized by stable political support, raises concerns about long-term financial sustainability. The decision-making model, led by social partners, may shift to a more parliamentary approach as trade union density decreases and aging-related issues become more significant for the electorate. Both countries have successfully promoted high employment rates among older workers, but long-term care policies pose a greater challenge to the sustainability of their welfare models. The growing importance of family and informal care, coupled with a reliance on migrant workers for healthcare, highlights the strain on the welfare systems. Demographic changes increase pressure on pro-old welfare policies, particularly in long-term care, with Sweden better positioned than Finland to sustain elevated spending towards the elderly.
Comparative assessment of three low-capacity drying systems using the analytical hierarchy process
Authors: Joseph O. Akowuah  , Owusu George , Obeng-Akrofi George , Adjei Paxwell Damptey
Published: November 2023

The study assessed the technical performance of three alternative drying systems for drying maize by smallholder maize farmers in Ghana. The three dryers considered were the AflaStop (EasyDry M500) dryer, STR Column dryer, and the Solar Bubble dryer. The Analytical Hierarchy Process (AHP) was used for the comparative analysis and selection of the best alternative drying system based on its technical performance, durability, ease of use, cost of manufacture and operational cost. The drying rate and drying efficiency determined for the AflaStop, STR Column, and the Solar Bubble dryer were 2.20 %/h, 1.90 %/h, 0.98 %/h and 81.07 %, 64.65 %, 36.17 %, respectively. Considering a global priority value of 41 %, the STR Column drying system was selected over the AflaStop and the Solar Bubble dryers which had priority values of 34 % and 25 % respectively. The use of the AHP model was successful in selecting among three locally available low-capacity dryers, most suitable for maize drying by smallholder maize farmers, in Ghana.
A IMPORTÂNCIA DA PSICOLOGIA ESCOLAR NA INCLUSÃO DE CRIANÇAS COM TRANSTORNO DO ESPECTRO AUTISTA NO AMBIENTE ESCOLAR REGULAR: UMA REVISÃO SISTEMÁTICA
Authors: Dos Santos Giovanna Souza , Gomes Hévem Nicolle Vinhote , Martins Gizelly de Carvalho
Published: November 2023

A concordância entre as Leis das Diretrizes básicas da educação (LDB) e Lei N° 12.764 que institui a Política Nacional de Proteção dos Direitos da Pessoa com Transtorno do Espectro do Autismo (TEA) garante enfaticamente que as crianças com necessidades especiais tenham acesso a instituições de ensino regular e à educação básica conforme estipulado pelo Estatuto da Criança e do Adolescente (ECA).  Deste modo, a seguinte pesquisa apresenta o impacto da atuação de profissionais da psicologia no exercício da inclusão de crianças com Transtorno do Espectro Autista nas escolas de ensino regular com o proposito de explorar a influencia da capacitação bem fundamentada dos psicólogos escolares para a pratica da inclusão social, avaliar os recursos usados atualmente na pratica de inclusão e explorar os efeitos desta inclusão no desenvolvimento social e emocional das crianças, bem como seu desempenho acadêmico. Assim, este estudo foi redigido com o objetivo de conduzir uma revisão sistemática das obras literárias disponíveis sobre a temática dos anos de 2014 a 2023, nas quais foi constatada a máxima necessidade da figura do psicólogo escolar junto da equipe multidisciplinar na atuação do acolhimento de alunos com TEA, mesmo à frente de tantos desafios.
Role of Eye Platelet-Rich Plasma in the Treatment of Ocular Surface Disorders
Authors: Mohan Shalini , Sharma Shweta , Patel Namrata , Agrawal Surbhi
Published: November 2023

The use of blood derivatives represents an alternative therapeutic approach that is gaining interest in regenerative medicine dueto its potential to stimulate and accelerate tissue healing. Platelet-rich plasma is the highly concentrated form of autologoushuman platelets in a small amount of plasma which contains important growth factors and plasma proteins that play a significantrole in the wound healing process by epithelial differentiation and collagen bundle organization.In this article, we aim to provide an update on the current literature regarding the eye platelet-rich plasma, its methods ofpreparation, physiological and biochemical properties, its clinical applications, safety and efficacy as compared to other bloodderived products, etc. In ophthalmology, this product is being used in the management of symptomatic dry eyes, corneal ulcers,periocular chemical and thermal burns, idiopathic macular hole, skin rejuvenation post blepharoplasties and more recentlyactinic elastosis in the lower eyelid regions. The role of eye platelet-rich plasma in ocular surface disorders has been sparselystudied in literature with more studies and reports on the application of autologous and allogeneic serum eye drops therefore, itbecomes very important to update ourselves with more studies in this topic to prove the efficiency of this blood-derived product.
Ophthalmic Imaging in India - Past, Present and Future
Authors: Ramesh Prasanna Venkatesh , Gopalakrishnan Sai Thaejesvi , Devadas Aji Kunnath , Krishna Navaneeth
Published: November 2023

Ophthalmic imaging has shown tremendous progress in the past century in terms of numerous advancements in the way we image and interpret the human eye, with all its intricacies. Recent times have emphasized imaging as a diagnostic tool, a modality to document patient progress, and a useful learning medium for budding clinicians. Imaging in ophthalmology is no longer as unidimensional as it used to be. It has expanded from simple slit lamp examination, which functioned on lights and mirrors, to now involve augmented reality technology with its four-dimensional capabilities, completely changing the course of how we diagnose ocular pathologies. India, as a country, has shown a steady pace in incorporating ocular imaging advancements into her regular ophthalmic practice, and there is hope that the country has massive purview in bringing in more technological betterments in the days to come.
Editorial
Authors: Mohan Shalini
Published: November 2023

Artificial Intelligence is the burning topic these days and its widely been applied in the field of retinal diseases like diabetic retinopathy (DR), age-related macular degeneration (AMD), and retinopathy of prematurity (ROP).
Infección por Pneumocystis Jirovecii en un paciente HIV positivo, revisión de la literatura
Authors: Novillo Yánez Katheryn Eliana , Yánez Ortiz Leonardo Patricio , Fiallos Godoy Yesenia Maricela , Jurado Cobo Alan Alexander , Inca Shuguli Dennys Javier
Published: November 2023

La infección de Pneumocytis jirovecii es catalogada como un patógeno oportunista especialmente en inmunodeprimidos, frecuente en países con bajas condiciones sociales, económicas y sanitarias. Por tal razón se requiere conocer cuál es su ciclo biológico y su comportamiento en el huésped infectado siendo el manejo por imagen es esencial. Analizar las formas morfológicas, el ciclo de vida, patogenia e identificar los hallazgos de imagen en el diagnóstico de la neumonía por Pneumocystis jirovecii en pacientes infectados por el virus de inmunodeficiencia humana (VIH). Se revisaron varios estudios de los últimos años, seleccionando artículos en bases científicas nacionales e internacionales como son Scopus, Scielo, Pubmed, New England Journal, se observó que su impacto sea aceptable según el número de referencias que han tenido y también se tomó en cuenta que no exista conflictos de interés. Se pudo determinar que los hallazgos radiológicos en una infección pulmonar por P. jirovecii se caracterizan por presentar un patrón intersticial y en pocas ocasiones puede también estar mezclado con consolidaciones típicas del patrón alveolar es decir mixto. Pneumocytis jirovecii es causante de neumonía atípica en personas con VIH positivo, tiene gran afinidad por la superficie alveolar, en donde hay una proliferación de los trofozoítos luego existe la formación de quistes y al presentarse una respuesta inflamatoria no controlada se da un daño alveolar difuso con alteraciones de intercambio gaseoso y la estimulación de la liberación de proteasas.
Equity in Education Outcomes and Spending in Bangladesh: Evidence from Household Income and Expenditure Surveys
Authors: Genoni Maria Eugenia , Bhatta Saurav Dev , Sharma Uttam
Published: November 2023

Bangladesh has continued to improve access to education and educational attainment. Gains have been equitable, reducing disparities by gender, wealth, and geography. Yet progress is still needed at higher education levels, and there are still persistent gaps between the poor and rich and across districts. Gains are partly the result of the Government of Bangladesh (GoB) efforts to improve education outcomes, but also reflect increased private spending by households. GoB education spending is still low compared to other countries in the region and presents large variation across the territory, which is not correlated with education outcomes and internal efficiency indicators. Only when public spending translates into lower student-to-teacher ratios do outcomes seem to improve, but those ratios remain inadequate compared to other countries and unevenly distributed across districts. Focusing on higher quality spending rather than increasing overall budgets will be a priority for further progress. Stipend programmes help with the progressivity of the system at the primary level. However, at the secondary level, there is still significant room to improve the progressivity of these benefits. Finally, addressing norms and expectations around the benefits of schooling can be an important avenue to increase school attendance. About four in ten secondary school-age children out of school report lack of interest or being too old to go back as their main reasons for not attending school; three in ten females cite family chores and marriage as reasons for not attending.
Rational use of inhaled corticosteroids for the treatment of COPD: a plain language summary
Authors: Ariel Amnon , Barnes Peter J , Maricoto Tiago , Román-Rodríguez Miguel , Powell Andy , Quint Jennifer K
Published: November 2023

What is this summary about?

Inhaled corticosteroids (ICS) are a type of medication delivered via an inhaler device that are commonly used in the treatment of asthma. ICS can also be used to treat chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), a progressive respiratory condition in which the lungs become worse over time. However, unlike in asthma, ICS are only effective in a small proportion of people with COPD.

ICS can cause significant side effects in people with COPD, including pneumonia. Because of this, guidelines written by COPD experts recommend that ICS should largely be prescribed to people with COPD whose symptoms flare up frequently and become difficult to manage (episodes known as exacerbations).

Despite this guidance, records collected from routine clinical practice suggest that many healthcare professionals prescribe ICS to people with COPD who do not have frequent exacerbations, putting them at unnecessary risk of side effects.

The over-prescription of ICS in COPD may partly be due to the recent introduction of single-inhaler combination therapies, which combine ICS with other medicines (bronchodilators). This ‘one inhaler for all’ approach is a concerning trend as it goes against global COPD treatment guidelines, which recommend ICS use in only a small proportion of people.

This is a plain language summary of a review article originally published in the journal
NPJ Primary Care Respiratory Medicine
. In this review, we investigate the benefits and risks of ICS use in COPD. Using data from both randomized controlled trials (RCTs) and observational studies, we explain which people benefit from ICS use, and why health regulatory bodies have concluded that ICS do not help people with COPD to live longer. Lastly, we provide practical guidance for doctors and people with COPD regarding when ICS should be prescribed and when they should be withdrawn.

Video abstract
SÍNDROME DE BURNOUT E SENTIDO DE VIDA EM PROFESSORES
Authors: Almeida Emile Santos de , Santos Karine David Andrade , Silva Joilson Pereira Da
Published: November 2023

Este artigo teve por objetivo investigar o sentido de vida e o perfil da síndrome de burnout em professores da rede pública da Grande Aracaju e cidades do interior da Bahia. A amostra   foi composta por 243 profissionais da Educação Básica. Trata-se de uma pesquisa de cunho quantitativo, transversal e correlacional.  Os instrumentos utilizados foram:  Questionário ociodemográfico, Burnout Clinical Subtype Questionnaire (BCSQ-12) e Questionário de Sentido de Vida (QSV). A seleção dos participantes deu-se por conveniência e a aplicação ocorreu de forma mista (online, fazendo o uso do Google Forms, e presencial, nas escolas selecionadas). Os dados coletados foram analisados pelas estatítiscas descritivas e multivariadas por meio do Jeffrey’s Amazing Statistics Program (JASP).  Pela   correlação de Spearman, foi possível notar uma relação negativa entre sentido de vida e os perfis da síndrome de burnout, evidenciando que, quanto maior o sentido de vida, menor o nível de burnout nos professores. Conclui-se, então, que reverter o quadro de burnout em docentes torna-se viável quando se regasta o sentido de vida. Portanto, a logoterapia pode ser uma estratégia promissora para preencher a lacuna existencial e, consequentemente, se distanciar do esgotamento profissional e promover saúde mental.
Das digitale Eltern-Kind-Staat-Verhältnis im Verfassungs-, Europa- und Völkerrecht
Authors: Jungfleisch Julia Ricarda
Published: November 2023

The work addresses the question how far parental rights in the digital world reach and where limits are (must be) imposed by the state in order to balance them against the rights of the child. The subject of investigation are thereby the phenomena of sharenting and digital helicopter parenting. The legal analysis bases mainly on a constitutional, European and public international law perspective, but recurs also on national laws to analyse the actual implementation of the afore found human rights requirements. In particular, the german youth media protection (JuSchG) act and the youth labour protection act (JArbSchG) show certain gaps for the protection of children´s rights that need to be covered.
(Selbst)Darstellung arabischer Frauen
Authors: Jacob-Lakrimdi Meret
Published: November 2023

The representation of the 'Arab woman' in Western discourse occurs dualistically - either as a victim of repressive structures or as an eroticised-imagined harem lady. Colonial continuities are thus still evident today. Based on Lila Abu-Lughod's critique anchored in postcolonial theory, Meret Jacob-Lakrimdi exploratively analyses the Algerian colonial context and counters this dualism with an alternative: the memories of Zohra Drif, independence fighter and member of the Armée de Libération Nationale. The results of this study are compatible with other disciplines and mark interesting research perspectives for critical Middle East studies.
Medien, Moral und Mainstream
Authors: Kettner Michael
Published: November 2023

The media is often accused of being manipulated, biased or even controlled. Does it even abuse its power as the ‘fourth estate’? In this book, the author explores these questions from a value-free perspective and concludes that everything the media is accused of is already part of all communication, no matter how simple, and is therefore deeply human. Observing the media therefore always involves observation of communication and people as well. The book is also intended as a supplement to ‘Die vierte Gewalt’ (The Fourth Estate) by Precht/Welzer, but justifiably avoids pillorying the media. All those interested in communication, the media and systems theory will find this book speaks to them as an observer and thus part of the media.
Path Planning Algorithms for Mobile Robots: A Survey
Authors: Haruna Zaharuddeen , Bashir Mu’azu Muhammed , Umar Abubakar , Okpowodu Ufuoma Glory
Published: November 2023

Mobile robots have applications in military (for reconnaissance, search and rescue operations, bomb detection, surveillance), transportation (for cargo and packet delivery), data acquisition, etc. For the mobile robots to be able to execute these tasks with minimum or no human intervention, they need to be autonomous and intelligent. Path planning (PP) is one of the most critical areas of concern in the field of autonomous mobile robots. It is about obtaining a collision-free motion optimal path based on either time, distance, energy or cost in a static or dynamic environment containing obstacles. However, power limitation hinders the mobile robots to accomplish their task of reaching the target location as there are several paths they can follow. Each of these paths has its own path length, cost (i.e., time to reach destination), and energy constraint, thus, the need to plan for an optimal path according to a certain performance criterion. Significant research has been conducted in recent years to address the PP problem. Hence, this chapter is aimed at presenting the different approaches for PP of mobile robots with respect to different optimality criteria (time, distance, energy and cost), challenges and making recommendations on possible areas of future research.
Sustainable Livelihood for Rural Areas
Authors: Ben Matiwane Mona , Agnes Matiwane Maserame
Published: November 2023

The concept of ‘sustainable livelihoods’ is an increasingly important word in today’s agenda on the developmental debate about rural development and poverty reduction. It is also important to note that just like development, sustainable livelihoods mean different things to different scholars and practitioners, though there is consensus that improvement in the living conditions or the livelihoods of the people is regarded as development, although there is a debate of how it could be achieved. Enhancement of the rural areas cannot be discussed without putting more emphasis on improving the quality of life and well-being of people living in those areas, exploiting land-intensive natural resources such as agriculture and forestry. Education, physical infrastructure, and social infrastructure also all play an important role in developing these areas, which are by and large characterized by their emphasis on locally produced economic development strategies. This chapter will, therefore, focus mainly on the sustainability of the livelihood of rural areas. The scope will cover aspects such as sustainable livelihoods framework, strategies, approach, and the role of agricultural extension in rural areas.
Environmentally Friendly Plant Terpenoids and Their Biological Activity
Authors: Zakirov Khashimovich Salakhutdin , Mukhidova Shabzalovna Zulfiya
Published: November 2023

This chapter is devoted to the phytochemical study of sesquiterpene lactones of some plants of the Asteraceae family and their biological activity. At the same time, the effective growth activity of sesquiterpene lactones isolated by us from plants of the genus Artemisia was established, which improves the quality and increases the yield of rice, cotton and the productivity of mulberry cocoons. Also, a clear mutagenic, anti-nosema, antiviral and insecticidal activity of the amount of lactones isolated from plants of the genus Centaurea, Acroptilon and Handelia was revealed. A technology has been developed for obtaining biologically active compounds from plant materials and methods for the quantitative and qualitative determination of sesquiterpene lactones in plant materials and extracts.
Safety Profile of Botulinum Toxin for Migraine Headache Prophylaxis: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis
Authors: Azadvari Mohaddeseh , Hosseini Maryam , Emami Razavi Seyede Zahra , Ghajarzadeh Mahsa , Vaheb Saeed
Published: November 2023

Context: Nowadays, botulinum toxin is used for migraine prophylaxis, and a wide range of adverse effects (AEs) are reported after administration. Objectives: The present study was conducted to evaluate the safety profile of botulinum toxin for migraine headache prophylaxis. Methods: Migraine Disorder, Disorder AND Migraine, Headache AND Sick, Headache AND Migraine, Migraine, Migrainosus, Migraine Headache, Migraines, Sick Headaches, Botulinum, Toxins AND Botulinum, Botulinum AND Neurotoxins, Toxins AND Clostridium Botulinum Neurotoxins, Botulinum Toxin, Botulinum Neurotoxin, Clostridium Botulinum Toxins, and Botulin were searched in PubMed, Scopus, EMBASE, Web of Science, and Google Scholar databases, and gray literature, including references of the studies published before April 2023. Results: We found 3081 articles by literature search; after deleting duplicates, 1711 remained. Thirty-five articles remained for meta-analysis. The pooled prevalence of musculoskeletal weakness in the head and neck regions was 4% (95% CI: 2-5%) (I2 = 92.2%, P < 0.001). The pooled prevalence of neck pain was 6% (95% CI: 4-7%) (I2 = 95.8%, P < 0.001). The pooled prevalence of blepharoptosis was 2% (95% CI: 2-3%) (I2 = 91.1%, P < 0.001). The pooled prevalence of facial paralysis was 2% (95% CI: 1-4%) (I2 = 94.1%, P < 0.001). The pooled prevalence of injection site pain was 4% (95% CI: 2-5%) (I2 = 93.5%, P < 0.001). Conclusions: The results of this systematic review and meta-analysis show that the most common AEs following botulinum toxin injection for migraine headache prophylaxis are neck pain, followed by musculoskeletal weakness and injection site pain.
Assessment of Toxicity and Biological Effects of α-Pinene on Morphine Tolerance and Dependence in Mice
Authors: Nasrin Hajiabadi Nasrin , Abbasi Maleki Saeid , Mousavi Zahra , Najafizadeh Parvaneh
Published: November 2023

Background: Research shows that α-Pinene interacts with the opioidergic system. Objectives: This study aims to examine the toxicity and the effects of α-Pinene on morphine tolerance and dependence in mice. Methods: Guidelines No. 423 and No. 407 were used to investigate acute and sub-chronic toxicity, respectively. For sub-chronic toxicity analysis, the animals were sacrificed on day 28, and blood and tissue samples were collected. After inducing morphine tolerance or dependence, in both phases, animals received i.p. vehicle, diazepam (5 mg/kg), and α-Pinene (3.125, 6.25, and 12.5 mg/kg). Withdrawal signs were recorded for 30 minutes. Results: Only the acute dose of α-Pinene showed mortality in animals, but mild lesions were seen in the brain, liver, and kidneys in the mice receiving its subchronic dose. Moreover, ALT, AST, ALP, and TG levels increased (P < 0.05) in female mice. Besides, 6.25 and 12.5 mg/kg (P < 0.001) of α-Pinene and only its high dose (12.5 mg/kg) (P < 0.001) reduced the number of jumps in the tolerance and dependence phases, respectively. Diarrhea (P < 0.001), writhing (P < 0.001), rearing, and climbing (P < 0.05 and P < 0.001, respectively) behaviors decreased in the tolerance phase, and grooming, climbing, and teeth chattering declined in the dependence phase (P < 0.001). Conclusions: The LD50 of α-Pinene was lower than 2000 mg/kg, but its subchronic dose caused mild tissue toxicities and biochemical changes. Moreover, α-Pinene decreased morphine tolerance and dependence and possibly was useful for the treatment of opioid dependence after complimentary trials.