bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Joint optimization combining the capacity of subway on‐board energy storage device and timetable
Authors: Wang Xiaowen , Sun Pengfei , Wang Qingyuan , Ding Juxia , Feng Xiaoyun
Published: July 2022

On‐board energy storage devices (OESD) and energy‐efficient train timetabling (EETT) are considered two effective ways to improve the usage rate of regenerative braking energy (RBE) of subway trains. EETT is less costly but has lower ceilings, whereas OESD, although expensive, maximizes the reuse of RBE. To make the RBE usage rate of the train group reach the required target, a typical problem is how to use the OESD with the minimum capacity to reduce the cost. With this consideration, this paper proposes an optimization method that combines EETT and OESD. In this method, the joint optimization of timetable and OESD capacity allocation in case OESDs of different capacities can be carried between trains is considered to further improve the optimization. A non‐linear programming model is built to minimize the total OESD capacity of the train group under the constraint of reaching target RBE usage. An efficient heuristic algorithm is designed to simultaneously obtain the optimal timetable and the matching capacity allocation scheme of OESDs. Finally, some simulation cases based on real‐line data are designed to verify the effectiveness of the method.
The Tarantula Massive Binary Monitoring
Authors: Shenar T. , Sana H. , Mahy L. , Maíz Apellániz J. , Crowther Paul A. , Gromadzki M. , Herrero A. , Langer N. , Marchant P. , Schneider F. R. N. , Sen K. , Soszyński I. , Toonen S.
Published: July 2022

Context. Massive binaries hosting a black hole (OB+BH) represent a critical phase in the production of BH mergers in the context of binary evolution. In spite of this, such systems have so far largely avoided detection. Single-lined spectroscopic (SB1) O-type binaries are ideal objects to search for elusive BH companions. Moreover, SB1 binaries hosting two main sequence stars probe a regime of more extreme mass ratios and longer periods compared to double-lined binaries (SB2), and they are thus valuable for establishing the natal mass ratio distribution of massive stars.

Aims. We characterise the hidden companions in 51 SB1 O-type and evolved B-type binaries identified in the Large Magellanic Cloud (LMC) in the framework of the VLT-FLAMES Tarantula Survey (VFTS) and its follow-up, the Tarantula Massive Binary Monitoring (TMBM). The binaries cover periods between a few days to years (0 < log P < 3 [d]). Our goals are to hunt for BHs and sample the low-mass end of the mass-ratio distribution.

Methods. To uncover the hidden companions, we implemented the shift-and-add grid disentangling algorithm using 32 epochs of spectroscopy acquired in the framework of TMBM with the FLAMES spectrograph, allowing us to detect companions contributing as little as ≈1–2% to the visual flux. We further analysed OGLE photometric data for the presence of eclipses or ellipsoidal variations.

Results. Out of the 51 SB1 systems, 43 (84%) are found to have non-degenerate stellar companions, of which 28 are confident detections and 15 are less certain (SB1: or SB2:). Of these 43 targets, one is found to be a triple (VFTS 64), and two are found to be quadruples (VFTS 120, 702). Our sample includes a total of eight eclipsing binaries. The remaining eight targets (16%) retain an SB1 classification. We modelled the mass-ratio distribution as f (q) ∝ qκ, and derived k through a Bayesian approach. We used massratio constraints from previously known SB2 binaries, newly uncovered SB2 binaries, and SB1 binaries, while accounting for binary detection bias. We found k = 0.2 ± 0.2 for the entire sample and κ = −0.2 ± 0.2 when excluding binaries with periods shorter than 10 d. In contrast, k = 1.2 ± 0.5 was retrieved for tight binaries (P < 10 d), and it is proposed here to be a consequence of binary interactions. Aside from the unambiguous O+BH binary VFTS 243, which was analysed in detail in a separate paper, we identified two additional OB+BH candidates: VFTS 514 and 779.

Conclusions. Our study firmly establishes a virtually flat natal mass-ratio distribution (κ = 0) for O-type stars at LMC metallicity, covering the entire mass-ratio range (0.05 < q < 1) and periods in the range 0 < log P < 3 [d]. The nature of the OB+BH candidates should be verified through future monitoring, but the frequency of OB+BH candidates is generally in line with recent predictions at LMC metallicity.
Mathematical model for the forced oxygen blowing decarburization process of ultra-low carbon steel during RH treatment
Authors: Yuan Baohui , He Yang , Liu Jianhua , Zhou Hailong , Huang Jihong
Published: July 2022

A new mathematical model for the RH forced oxygen blowing decarburization process which takes the influence of post combustion on decarburization into account is established. Decarburization reactions are considered to take place at four reaction sites. The simulated results of carbon and oxygen contents show relatively good agreement with the experimental data under different oxygen flow rates. At the rapid decarburization stage including the O2 blowing process, 66.1% of the total decarburization amount is removed. By using the forced oxygen blowing decarburization process, the decarburization rate in the bulk steel is improved most significantly. Additionally, the effects of oxygen flow rates on carbon, oxygen and total decarburization rate are evaluated in detail. At 1500 m3 · h−1, the oxygen content is adequate to completely remove carbon of molten steel in the vacuum vessel during the O2 blowing. Combining with the analysis of oxygen flow rates on the decarburization rate at each site, 1500 m3 · h−1 is chosen as the critical oxygen flow rate to achieve the best decarburization performance. The influences of other parameters including initial carbon and oxygen contents and oxygen utilization rate on decarburization are also investigated.
Infestation of chigger mites on Chinese mole shrew,Anourosorex squamipes, in Southwest China and ecological analysis
Authors: Li Bei , Guo Xian-Guo , Zhao Cheng-Fu , Zhang Zhi-Wei , Fan Rong , Peng Pei-Ying , Song Wen-Yu , Ren Tian-Guang , Zhang Lei , Qian Ti-Jun
Published: July 2022

The Chinese mole shrew,Anourosorex squamipesMilne-Edwards, 1872, is a common species of insectivorous mammal in Southwest China. Based on field investigations between 2001 and 2019, the present study reports the infestation of chiggers (larvae of chigger mites) on the shrew in Southwest China and certain ecology parameters for the first time. A total of 3169 chiggers were collected from 1694A. squamipesand they were identified into 72 species and 10 genera in the family Trombiculidae. The overall infestation prevalence (Pm), mean abundance (MA) and mean intensity (MI) ofA. squamipeswith chiggers reached 11.1%, 1.87 and 16.86, respectively. The species diversity, species composition and infestation of chiggers onA. squamipesfluctuated in different environments (latitudes, altitudes, habitats and landscapes) and on different sexes and ages of the shrew hosts with high heterogeneity and low species similarity. In the established linear regression equation (M* = 0.173 + 1.054 M) for dominant miteLeptotrombidium densipunctatum, both theαandβvalues (α = 0.173,β = 1.054) exceeded the boundary values (F = 4.67,p < 0.05), and therefore the spatial distribution pattern of this mite was determined as an aggregated distribution among different individuals of shrew hosts. The species abundance distribution of the chigger community onA. squamipesconformed to the lognormal distribution, and its curve showed a gradually descending tendency from the rare mite species to the dominant mite species. The curve tendency of species-sample relationship implies that more species of chiggers would be found if the host samples infinitely keep increasing.
Versorgung kritisch kranker Patienten in der zentralen Notaufnahme
Authors: Michael Mark , Kumle Bernhard , Kümpers Philipp , Bernhard Michael
Published: July 2022

Resuscitation room management of non-traumatic critically ill patients in the emergency department comprises approximately 1.5% of all emergency department visits. Critically ill patients
are usually brought to the hospital by emergency medical services, where they are first examined, given initial treatment, stabilized and then transported for further in-hospital treatment.
Resuscitation room management plays a key role at the interface of the out-of-hospital and in-hospital treatment chains. While the structured care of traumatological patients has been
established at a very high level for decades, the care of non-traumatic critically ill patients within the framework of resuscitation room care has only come into focus in recent years and
is only now being implemented in some places with professional concepts. Emergency departments at all levels of care are equipped to provide structured care for non-traumatologic shock room
patients. To professionalize non-traumatic resuscitation room management, the creation of uniform standards from alerting criteria, to equipment and staffing, as well as the establishment of
a uniform resuscitation room management algorithm is required. The (PRE_E-)AUD2IT-algorithm provides a structure for the non-traumatic care of critically ill patients in the
resuscitation room and includes preparation, resource retrieval, handover, initial care, diagnostics, differential diagnoses and the interpretation of examination findings. This overview
focuses on the management of critically ill non-traumatic patients in respect to the resuscitation room care concept.
Steigerung der Therapietreue durch niederschwellige Kontakte
Authors: Lang Michael , Cepek Lukas , Rau Daniela , Denkinger Nadine , Behrens Katja , Kornhuber Anselm
Published: July 2022

Besonders bei Menschen mit chronischen Erkrankungen, z. B. Multiple Sklerose (MS), stellt die Einhaltung der verordneten Therapie über einen langen Zeitraum eine große Herausforderung dar. Teils alarmierend niedrige Adhärenzraten und ein dadurch geringerer Therapienutzen sind die Folge. Neben einem verbesserten Nebenwirkungsmanagement haben sich Vertrauen in die Therapie und wahrgenommenes Engagement des Arztes als modifizierbare positive Einflussgrößen auf die Adhärenz herausgestellt. Die nötige umfassende Betreuung der Patienten über Jahre hinweg kann dabei nicht allein durch den Arzt bewältigt werden, sondern bedarf idealerweise der Unterstützung durch Patientenprogramme und speziell ausgebildeter MS-Schwestern (Nurses), die dem Patienten eine unkomplizierte Kontaktaufnahme zur Besprechung von Sorgen oder Fragen unabhängig von Arztterminen ermöglicht. Diese niederschwelligen Kontakte konnten als signifikanter Faktor identifiziert werden, der über die Therapietreue entscheiden kann. Zusätzlich haben in den letzten Jahren digitale Anwendungen wie Apps bei langen und unvorhersehbaren Krankheitsverläufen wie bei der MS an Bedeutung gewonnen und können ohne Belastung des ärztlichen Zeitbudgets als smarte Therapiebegleiter fungieren.
Linkage of Young Mania Rating Scale to Clinical Global Impression
Scale to Enhance Utility in Clinical Practice and Research
Trials
Authors: Samara Myrto T. , Levine Stephen Z. , Leucht Stefan
Published: July 2022

Introduction The Young Mania Rating Scale (YMRS) is the gold standard to
assess manic symptoms of bipolar disorder, yet the clinical meaning of scores is
unknown. To clinically understand and interpret YMRS scores, we examined
linkages between the total and change scores of YMRS with the Clinical Global
Impression (CGI) ratings.

Methods Individual participant data (N=2,988) from eight
randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trials were included. Data were
collected at baseline and subsequent visits. Spearman’s correlation
coefficients ρ were computed, and equipercentile linking was
implemented.

Results A YMRS score of 6 points corresponded approximately to
‘borderline mentally ill,’ 12 points to ‘mildly
ill,’ 20 points to ‘moderately ill,’ 30 points to
‘markedly ill,’ 40 points to ‘severely ill,’ and
52 points to ‘among the most extremely ill’ patients on the
CGI-S. A reduction of CGI-S by one point as well as ‘minimally
improved’ on the CGI-I corresponded approximately to an absolute
decrease of 4 to 8 YMRS points or a 21% to 29% reduction of YMRS
baseline score whereas a reduction of CGI-S by two points and ‘much
improved’ on the CGI-I corresponded to an absolute decrease of 10 to 15
points or a 42% to 53% reduction of YMRS baseline score.

Discussion The current study findings offer clinicians meaningful cutoff
values to interpret YMRS scores. Moreover, these values contribute to the
definition of treatment targets, response, remission, and entry criteria in
mania trials.
Epileptischer Anfall bei älteren Patienten
Authors: Heckelmann Jan , Weber Yvonne
Published: July 2022

Die Inzidenz vorübergehender Bewusstseinsverluste steigt mit zunehmendem Alter an, dies gilt jedoch sowohl für Anfälle epileptischer Genese als auch für Bewusstseinsverluste nicht epileptischer Natur, insbesondere aus kardialer oder zerebrovaskulärer Ursache. Zur sicheren Differenzierung ist daher primär eine umfassende Anamnese sowohl der Semiologie des Ereignisses als auch möglicher Auslösefaktoren zu erheben und, je nach Ergebnis, eine gezielte apparative Diagnostik durchzuführen. Bei Diagnose einer Epilepsie muss im Rahmen der Therapie beachtet werden, dass im Alter aufgrund einer veränderten Pharmakodynamik und vielfacher Wechselwirkungen, eine medikamentöse Therapie oftmals durch nicht akzeptable unerwünschte Arzneimittelwirkungen erschwert wird. Weitere Therapiemöglichkeiten sind auch im höheren Lebensalter zu erwägen, wie die verschiedenen Möglichkeiten der Epilepsiechirurgie.
Verruca Vulgaris Treated with Constitutional Homoeopathic Remedy—Case Report
Authors: Bhandary Apeksha
Published: July 2022

Background Verruca vulgaris popularly known as common warts is non-cancerous skin growth, caused by the human papilloma virus. Homoeopathic treatment of warts is largely through constitutional medicine. Although verruca vulgaris is not a life-threatening disease, it does take a toll on one's confidence. Some variants do cause pain apart from visibly affecting mental health if not treated properly; patients with weakened immune systems can have major problems with warts. This is a case of 20-year-old female who had multiple lesions of painful verruca vulgaris treated with homoeopathic constitutional remedy Natrum muriaticum (Nat-m).

Methods At a Homoeopathy Institute in Mangalore, India, a 20-year-old female student with verruca vulgaris was treated solely with homoeopathic constitutional remedy. During follow-up visits, outcome was assessed as to whether the documented changes were likely to be associated with homoeopathic intervention; an assessment using the modiﬁed Naranjo criteria was performed.

Result Over an observation period of 5 months, a beneﬁcial result from Nat-m was noted for verruca vulgaris.

Conclusion In cases like verruca vulgaris, considering its inevitability of recurrence with conventional therapy, a therapeutic approach that integrates the totality of symptoms and complaints of a patient might be of value.
Rare Association of Tuberous sclerosis with Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia: Case Report with Review of Literature
Authors: Sampagar Abhilasha , Chakrala Rajkumar , Kamate Mahesh
Published: July 2022

Acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) is the most common leukemia in children in which 85% of all cases are of B-cell ALL and approximately 15% cases are of T-cell ALL (T-ALL). Recent revolution in next-generation sequencing has uncovered many novel somatic mutations and rearrangements in ALL cells, which have prognostic and therapeutic implications, and it has also led to recognition of germline variants in the same genes with somatic mutations commonly associated with ALL. Apart from increasing the risk of developing ALL, germline variants may influence diagnostic testing, genetic counseling, and response to antileukemic treatment. This emphasizes importance of identification of new germline variants, or association of inherited syndromes with ALL or other malignancies. Down's syndrome, Shwachman's syndrome, Fanconi anemia, Bloom's syndrome, neurofibromatosis, and ataxia telangiectasia are well-recognized conditions associated with ALL. In this communication, we report a rare association of T-ALL with tuberous sclerosis (TS). This is the first reported case, showing association of T cell leukemia and TS with confirmatory genetic work-up.
Prevention of Exposure Keratopathy in the Intensive Care Unit: Evaluation of an EMR-Based Lubrication Order Protocol for Ventilated Patients
Authors: Swiston Cole J. , Hu K.S , Simpson A , Burton E , Brintz B.J , Lin A
Published: July 2022

Purpose In this pilot study, we aimed to investigate the efficacy of an electronic medical record (EMR) order set for lubricating ointment (four times daily) in the prevention of exposure keratopathy in ventilated patients in the intensive care unit (ICU) at the University of Utah. We attempted to capture the magnitude of morbidity, cost, and care burden in ventilated patients, as well as the utility of a systematic EMR-based preventative lubrication protocol in the ICU setting.

Methods After implementation of the order set, a retrospective chart review was performed to capture all ventilated ICU patients pre- and postintervention. Three separate study periods were used: (1) Six months prior to coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) and prior to the ocular lubrication intervention; (2) the subsequent 6-month period including COVID-19 patients but prior to any intervention; and (3) the subsequent 6-month period postintervention, including COVID-19 patients. The primary endpoint of ointment use per day was analyzed with a Poisson regression model. Secondary endpoints including rates of ophthalmologic consultation and exposure keratopathy were compared with Fisher's exact test. A poststudy survey of ICU nurses was included.

Results A total of 974 ventilated patients were included in the analysis. Ointment use per day increased by 155% (95% confidence interval [CI] 132–183%, p < 0.001) following the intervention. Rates also increased 80% (95% CI 63–99%, p < 0.001) during the COVID-19 study period but prior to intervention. The percentage of ventilated patients requiring a dilated eye exam for any indication was 3.2, 4, and 3.7% in each of the study periods, respectively. There was an overall down trend in the rate of exposure keratopathy which was diagnosed in 33.3, 20, and 8.3% of those receiving ophthalmologic consultation, though these rates were not statistically significant.

Conclusion These preliminary data show a statistically significant increase in the rates of lubrication in mechanically ventilated patients using an EMR-based order set in the ICU setting. There was no statistically significant decrease in the rates of exposure keratopathy. Our preventative protocol with lubrication ointment was of minimal cost burden to the ICU. Further longitudinal and multicenter studies are needed to better assess the efficacy of such a protocol.
Development of a Manualized Intervention to Support Episodic Memory in Autistic Children: Elaborative Reminiscing Is Key
Authors: Brien Ashley , Hutchins Tiffany
Published: July 2022

Episodic memory (EM) is memory for past personal experiences. EM and social development are inextricably linked, and both are impacted in autistic persons. Parents of autistic children can be taught to engage in a unique conversational style (i.e., elaborative reminiscing) to support a child's memory and social development. This article discusses the importance of EM in autism and describes a new manualized caregiver training to support EM in autistic children. An uncontrolled pre-post study design was employed to test proof of concept. Results affirmed the potential of this intervention for increasing caregivers' elaborateness and improving children's EM in a family-centered, naturalistic way. Results suggest that further treatment development and examination of effectiveness are needed. We argue that these kinds of intervention are important: not only is EM theoretically potent for social cognitive development, it is essential for a sense of self-determination, social connection, and psychological well-being.
Performance- and Theater-Based Interventions for Supporting Social Cognition and Social Communication in Autistic Youth: A Review and Theoretical Synthesis
Authors: McDonald Rachel G. , Khawar Sadaf , Yacoub Nardin , Cargill Mary Isaac , Lerner Matthew D. , Kang Erin
Published: July 2022

Social skills interventions (SSIs) are commonly used to improve social functioning in youth with autism spectrum disorder (ASD), which is a condition characterized by differences in social cognition and social communication. Although more traditional SSIs have used knowledge-based, didactic instruction, recent research has explored the utility of performance-based SSIs, which use various activities to support implicit learning of social skills in supportive, enriched environments. This article reviews the extant literature evaluating the effectiveness or efficacy of five performance-based SSIs using theater-based approaches on social cognition and social communication. Overall, this body of literature suggests social communication gains that include increased peer interactions, peer liking, and reciprocal friendships, as well as social cognitive gains in theory of mind and affect recognition. This review also discusses theoretical models that may help explain the emerging strengths of performance- and theater-based SSIs with underlying hypotheses related to the social communication and social cognitive differences in ASD. Limitations of performance-based SSIs in the evidence-base include several approaches in initial stages of research with small sample sizes and limited maintenance of effects. Future research should aim to bridge the research-to-practice gap and use more rigorous designs and more diverse samples, including those with cooccurring intellectual disability.
Early Oral Rehydration Therapy in Diabetic Ketoacidosis: A Randomized Controlled Study
Authors: Kola Shourya Vijay Tej , Gupta Shalu , Kumar Virendra
Published: July 2022

Objectives We aimed to compare the efficacy of oral versus intravenous (IV) fluid therapy in correcting dehydration in diabetic ketoacidosis (DKA) when pH was ≥ 7.25 and Glasgow coma scale (GCS) score was ≥12. We also compared the time to resolution of DKA.

Subjects Children aged ≤18 years with DKA were included in the study. In our pilot study, 40 children were enrolled from June 2018 to April 2019 and divided into two groups after achieving pH ≥ 7.25 and GCS score ≥ 12.

Materials and Methods This was an open-label, parallel-arm, randomized control trial conducted in the pediatric intensive care unit of a tertiary referral hospital in North India. The IV group (control group) received treatment as per the standard protocol, whereas the oral group (trial group) received only oral fluids; IV fluid was withheld for 48 hours. Dehydration was clinically assessed on admission and after 48 hours, and the proportion of children achieving correction of dehydration was compared. Biochemical parameters were measured over time, and the time taken for resolution was compared between groups.

Results Both groups achieved successful correction of dehydration. No significant difference was observed in the time taken from randomization to complete resolution of DKA. Hyperchloremia improved significantly earlier in the oral group after randomization.

Conclusion Early institution of oral rehydration strategy after achieving pH ≥ 7.25 and GCS score ≥ 12 was effective in correcting dehydration at a rate comparable to standard IV rehydration. Hyperchloremia was observed to resolve earlier in patients that received oral rehydration therapy.
Radiographic Evidence of Early Posttraumatic Osteoarthritis following Tibial Plateau Fracture Is Associated with Poorer Function
Authors: Maseda Meghan , Perskin Cody R. , Konda Sanjit R. , Leucht Philipp , Ganta Abishek , Egol Kenneth A.
Published: July 2022

To determine if radiographic evidence of posttraumatic osteoarthritis (PTOA) following tibial plateau fracture correlates with poorer clinical and functional outcomes, patients with tibial plateau fractures were followed at 3, 6, and 12 months. All patients had baseline radiographs and computed tomography scan. Radiographs obtained at each follow-up were reviewed for healing, articular incongruence, hardware positional changes, and the development of postinjury arthritic change. Cohorts were determined based on the presence (PTOA) or absence (NPTOA) of radiographic evidence of PTOA. Demographics, fracture classification, complications, additional procedures, and functional status were compared between cohorts. Sixty patients had radiographic evidence of PTOA on follow-up radiographs at a mean final follow-up of 24.2 months. The NPTOA cohort was composed of 210 patients who were matched to the PTOA cohort based on age and Charlson comorbidity index. Mean time to fracture union for the overall cohort was 4.86 months. Cohorts did not differ in Schatzker classification, time to healing, injury mechanism, or baseline Short Musculoskeletal Function Assessment (SMFA). Patients with PTOA had a greater degree of initial depression and postoperative step-off, higher incidence of initial external fixator usage, higher rates of reoperation for any reason, and higher rates of wound complications. Associated soft tissue injury and meniscal repair did not coincide with the development of PTOA. Range of motion and SMFA scores were significantly worse at all time points in patients with PTOA. Although fracture patterns are similar, patients who required an initial external fixator, had a greater degree of initial depression or residual articular incongruity, underwent more procedures, and developed an infection were found to have increased incidence of PTOA. Radiographic evidence of osteoarthritis correlated with worse functional status in patients. The goal of surgery should be restoration of articular congruity and stability to mitigate the risk of PTOA, although this alone may not prevent degenerative changes. Patients with early loss of range of motion should be aggressively treated as this may precede the development of PTOA.
Clinical and Radiologic Outcomes after Meniscal Root Repair: A Case Series
Authors: Young Bradley L. , Ruder John A. , Scarola Gregory T. , Hong Ian S. , Meade Joshua D. , Piasecki Dana P. , Saltzman Bryan M. , Fleischli James E.
Published: July 2022

This study aimed to describe the demographics, clinical outcomes, and radiologic outcomes of patients who underwent meniscal root repair at a single, large academic institution. Patients who underwent meniscal root repair between January 2011 and April 2015 were identified. Patient demographics, injury characteristics, and intraoperative findings of medial femoral condyle chondromalacia and other concomitant pathology were retrospectively recorded. Enrolled patients returned to clinic for prospectively collected International Knee Documentation Committee (IKDC) subjective and objective forms, knee radiographs, and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). A total of 25 root injuries (23 patients) were included in the final analysis. Majority of root injuries were medial menisci (68%) and repaired using transosseous pull-out technique (80%). Most patients (65%) were male, relatively young (median age = 37 years), overweight (median body mass index [BMI] = 26 kg/m2), and reported a traumatic event associated with their injury (60%). Also, 36% (9/25) of root repairs were performed concomitantly with an anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) reconstruction; 100% (8/8) lateral meniscal root injuries were associated with a concomitant ACL injury compared with 6% (1/17) of medial root injuries. Overall, 53% (9/17) of medial meniscal root repairs were performed in the setting of high-grade (Outerbridge's grade III/IV) chondral pathology of the ipsilateral femoral condyle. Median follow-up was 16 months. The Kellgren–Lawrence radiographic scale progressed in two knees that underwent meniscal root repair based on comparison of preoperative to follow-up radiographs. MRI showed 88% (22/25) of meniscal roots had completely healed, 6% (1/17) of the medial root repairs showed evidence of extrusion, and 44% (11/25) of repairs were associated with progressive chondromalacia. All patients had normal or near normal IKDC objective scores at time of follow-up. Surgeons should have a high suspicion for concomitant ACL injuries in the setting of lateral meniscal root tears, and be wary of concomitant high-grade chondral damage in the setting of medial meniscal root tears. Most meniscal root repairs appeared completely healed with low rates of medial meniscal extrusion on MRI at short-term follow-up, despite a high rate of chondromalacia progression. Present study is a large case series with prospective follow-up and reflects level of evidence IV.
Exploring methods for mapping seasonal population changes using mobile phone data
Authors: Woods D. , Cunningham A. , Utazi C. E. , Bondarenko M. , Shengjie L. , Rogers G. E. , Koper P. , Ruktanonchai C. W. , zu Erbach-Schoenberg E. , Tatem A. J. , Steele J. , Sorichetta A.
Published: July 2022

Data accurately representing the population distribution at the subnational level within countries is critical to policy and decision makers for many applications. Call data records (CDRs) have shown great promise for this, providing much higher temporal and spatial resolutions compared to traditional data sources. For CDRs to be integrated with other data and in order to effectively inform and support policy and decision making, mobile phone user must be distributed from the cell tower level into administrative units. This can be done in different ways and it is often not considered which method produces the best representation of the underlying population distribution. Using anonymised CDRs in Namibia between 2011 and 2013, four distribution methods were assessed at multiple administrative unit levels. Estimates of user density per administrative unit were ranked for each method and compared against the corresponding census-derived population densities, using Kendall’s tau-b rank tests. Seasonal and trend decomposition using Loess (STL) and multivariate clustering was subsequently used to identify patterns of seasonal user variation and investigate how different distribution methods can impact these. Results show that the accuracy of the results of each distribution method is influenced by the considered administrative unit level. While marginal differences between methods are displayed at “coarser” level 1, the use of mobile phone tower ranges provided the most accurate results for Namibia at finer levels 2 and 3. The use of STL is helpful to recognise the impact of the underlying distribution methods on further analysis, with the degree of consensus between methods decreasing as spatial scale increases. Multivariate clustering delivers valuable insights into which units share a similar seasonal user behaviour. The higher the number of prescribed clusters, the more the results obtained using different distribution methods differ. However, two major seasonal patterns were identified across all distribution methods, levels and most cluster numbers: (a) units with a 15% user decrease in August and (b) units with a 20–30% user increase in December. Both patterns are likely to be partially linked to school holidays and people going on vacation and/or visiting relatives and friends. This study highlights the need and importance of investigating CDRs in detail before conducting subsequent analysis like seasonal and trend decomposition. In particular, CDRs need to be investigated both in terms of their area and population coverage, as well as in relation to the appropriate distribution method to use based on the spatial scale of the specific application. The use of inappropriate methods can change observed seasonal patterns and impact the derived conclusions.
Influence of various scattering mechanisms on thermal conductivity of doped Pr1.3−xLa0.7CexCuO4 high-temperature superconductor
Authors: Parmar Akanksha , Dimri A. K. , Bera M. K.
Published: July 2022

A theoretical analysis of thermal conductivity of high-temperature superconductor cuprates, Pr1.3−xLa0.7CexCuO4 (PLCCO), has been successfully investigated. In this formulation, the idea of relaxation times and other scattering processes has been developed from frequency (energy) line widths using a quantum dynamical method. The major emphasis of this study is on the influence of phonon-dopant atom scattering on the thermal conductivity of Ce-doped PLCCO, as well as other prominent scattering processes such as electron-phonon, cubic and quartic anharmonic phonon, cubic and quartic phonon interference, and so on. The proposed theory has achieved a satisfactory agreement between theory and experiment.
Characterization of the hydroextruded oxygen-free copper via microindentation in the temperature range 77–300 K
Authors: Lubenets S. V. , Fomenko L. S. , Rusakova H. V.
Published: July 2022

The micromechanical properties of annealed coarse-grained (CG, average grain size of 1–10 μm) and ultrafine-grained (UFG) oxygen-free copper have been studied in the temperature range of 77–300 K. UFG samples were obtained in two ways: by direct hydroextrusion with a change in the diameter of the billet from 50 mm to 13 mm (DE, average grain size of 0.6 μm) and as a result of equal channel angular hydroextrusion of the billet with a diameter of 13 mm (ECAE, average grain size of 0.5 μm). The microhardness at the periphery of the extruded billets was 25% less than in the center. The maximum hardening as a result of extrusion expressed as the ratio of the microhardness of the UFG samples to the microhardness of the annealed CG sample was approximately 2 and 2.3 for the DE and ECAE cases, respectively. The temperature dependence of the microhardness of CG and UFG copper indicates that, upon indentation, plastic flow at temperatures of 77–300 K occurs without a change in the mechanism which is evidently the intersection of mobile dislocations with statistically stored (as forest) dislocations, and small values of the activation volume coincide with their high density. It is shown that the UFG structure of copper is stable; the micromechanical characteristics remain unchanged during long-term storage of extruded samples at room temperature. The results of indentation tests are compared with the data on the tensile deformation of similar samples. The correlation between microhardness and yield strength of DE and ECAE copper in the temperature range 77–300 K is considered.
Low-temperature nanoscale heat transport in a gadolinium iron garnet heterostructure probed by ultrafast x-ray diffraction
Authors: Sri Gyan Deepankar , Mannix Danny , Carbone Dina , Sumpter James L. , Geprägs Stephan , Dietlein Maxim , Gross Rudolf , Jurgilaitis Andrius , Pham Van-Thai , Coudert-Alteirac Hélène , Larsson Jörgen , Haskel Daniel , Strempfer Jörg , Evans Paul G.
Published: July 2022

Time-resolved x-ray diffraction has been used to measure the low-temperature thermal transport properties of a Pt/Gd3Fe5O12//Gd3Ga5O12 metal/oxide heterostructure relevant to applications in spin caloritronics. A pulsed femtosecond optical signal produces a rapid temperature rise in the Pt layer, followed by heat transport into the Gd3Fe5O12 (GdIG) thin film and the Gd3Ga5O12 (GGG) substrate. The time dependence of x-ray diffraction from the GdIG layer was tracked using an accelerator-based femtosecond x-ray source. The ultrafast diffraction measurements probed the intensity of the GdIG (1 −1 2) x-ray reflection in a grazing-incidence x-ray diffraction geometry. The comparison of the variation of the diffracted x-ray intensity with a model including heat transport and the temperature dependence of the GdIG lattice parameter allows the thermal conductance of the Pt/GdIG and GdIG//GGG interfaces to be determined. Complementary synchrotron x-ray diffraction studies of the low-temperature thermal expansion properties of the GdIG layer provide a precise calibration of the temperature dependence of the GdIG lattice parameter. The interfacial thermal conductance of the Pt/GdIG and GdIG//GGG interfaces determined from the time-resolved diffraction study is of the same order of magnitude as previous reports for metal/oxide and epitaxial dielectric interfaces. The thermal parameters of the Pt/GdIG//GGG heterostructure will aid in the design and implementation of thermal transport devices and nanostructures.
Carbon, nitrogen and phosphorus stoichiometry of two submerged macrophytes are more affected by plant species and organs than by light
Authors: Yuan Jin-Rui , Li Feng , Zou Dong-sheng , Ye Shi-yun , Xie Yong-Hong , Wu Ai-Ping
Published: July 2022

Context Submerged macrophytes develop great phenotypic plasticity responding to light stress. However, the light effects on carbon (C), nitrogen (N) and phosphorus (P) stoichiometry of submerged macrophytes are unknown. Aims To determine the stoichiometric response of Myriophyllum spicatum and Vallisneria natans to a light gradient. Methods We determined the C, N and P stoichiometry of two aquatic plants grown in pots subjected to an incident light gradient ranging from 100 to 17% of incident light. Key results The C, N and P stoichiometry of V. natans (except C:N of root) were not significantly different among the light treatments, whereas those of M. spicatum (except leaf element concentrations and root element ratios) showed significant differences across the light gradient. The analysis of variance results implied that the species, plant organs and their interactions explained more than 75% of total variance of all measured indices (except C). Conclusions The C, N and P stoichiometry of the two studied submerged macrophytes are more affected by plant organs and species than by light irradiance. Implication Although C, N and P stoichiometry of submerged macrophytes was little affected by light irradiance, whether the stoichiometry of submerged macrophytes is stable under other environmental factors should be focused on in future investigation.
On the number of trials needed to distinguish similar alternatives
Authors: Chierichetti Flavio , Kumar Ravi , Tomkins Andrew
Published: July 2022

A/B testing is widely used to tune search and recommendation algorithms, to compare product variants as efficiently and effectively as possible, and even to study animal behavior. With ongoing investment, due to diminishing returns, the items produced by the new alternative B show smaller and smaller improvement in quality from the items produced by the current system A. By formalizing this observation, we develop closed-form analytical expressions for the sample efficiency of a number of widely used families of slate-based comparison tests. In empirical trials, these theoretical sample complexity results are shown to be predictive of real-world testing efficiency outcomes. These findings offer opportunities for both more cost-effective testing and a better analytical understanding of the problem.
An excitatory peri-tegmental reticular nucleus circuit for wake maintenance
Authors: Webb John M. , Ma Mingyang , Yin Chen , Ptáček Louis J. , Fu Ying-Hui
Published: July 2022

Sleep is a necessity for our survival, but its regulation remains incompletely understood. Here, we used a human sleep duration gene to identify a population of cells in the peri-tegmental reticular nucleus (pTRN
ADRB1
) that regulate sleep–wake, uncovering a role for a poorly understood brain area. Although initial ablation in mice led to increased wakefulness, further validation revealed that pTRN
ADRB1
neuron stimulation strongly promotes wakefulness, even after stimulation offset. Using combinatorial genetics, we found that excitatory pTRN
ADRB1
neurons promote wakefulness. pTRN neurons can be characterized as anterior- or posterior-projecting neurons based on multiplexed analysis of projections by sequencing (MAPseq) analysis. Finally, we found that pTRN
ADRB1
neurons promote wakefulness, in part, through projections to the lateral hypothalamus. Thus, human genetic information from a human sleep trait allowed us to identify a role for the pTRN in sleep–wake regulation.
1.5-generation Korean-New Zealanders’ perceptions of bilingualism, heritage language competence, and identity
Authors: Park Mi Yung
Published: July 2022

This study explores four 1.5-generation Korean-New Zealanders’ perceptions of bilingualism, heritage language (HL) competence, and identity. Drawing on interview data, the study shows that the participants were strongly connected to their ethnic group and strove to accept and strengthen their hyphenated Korean-New Zealander identities through foregrounding their bilingual and bicultural competence. In addition to their Korean use at home, socializing with other Korean speakers at church and in peer groups aided their learning of a wide range of registers in context, while providing culturally sensitive places for the participants to explore their identities. Nevertheless, the study also found that the participants encountered racial and linguistic hierarchical structures from which they were marginalized, which delayed their construction of positive bilingual identities. The findings enable a deeper understanding of how family-internal and family-external factors shape immigrant children’s identities, and suggest that substantial institutional and societal support are needed to foster immigrant children’s bilingualism and biculturalism.
Restorative Justice Practices in Forensic Mental Health Settings – A Scoping Review
Authors: Martin Krystle , Paul Sayani , Campbell Erin , Bickle Korri
Published: July 2022

Restorative justice has long been considered an important alternative lens to approach illegal and harmful behavior compared to traditional criminal justice approaches. Despite this widespread and successful application, efforts to use this approach within forensic mental health settings have seemingly been minimal. This review aimed to synthesize the available information on the application, evidence for use, and barriers or unique considerations for restorative justice practices within forensic mental health settings. The PRISMA extension for scoping reviews checklist guided our reporting of the results. After conducting an extensive review of the literature, six peer-reviewed articles and five gray literature documents were included. Our results demonstrate that restorative justice approaches in forensic mental health settings are being used by a small number of committed individuals and are not broadly accepted or part of typical care services. The evidence for use of this approach is extremely sparse but do suggest that these interventions could be appropriate in forensic mental health settings as reports for positive impacts are available on three levels, with patients, victims, and organizations. Information about the unique considerations that should be made and how restorative justice in forensic mental health differs from use in other populations is discussed.
Weak gravitational field effects on Bell tests with massive particles
Authors: Rivera-Tapia M , Delgado A , Rubilar G
Published: July 2022

We study the generation of entangled states of two massive particles endowed with internal degrees of freedom using Franson and Hugged interferometric arrays in the presence of a weak gravitational field. Each internal degree of freedom plays the role of a clock. We consider an expansion of the gravitational field up to second order in powers of Δh/R, where Δh is the height of the arrays and R is the radius of the Earth. We study the violation of the Clauser–Horne–Shymony–Holt (CHSH) inequality, showing that the maximum value of the CHSH function, for a suitable choice of local phases, is

Σ

max

=
2

2

cos

2

(

Δ
τ
Δ
E
/
2
ℏ

)

, where Δτ is the gravitational time delay induced by the gravitational field in the trajectories of the particles and ΔE is the difference in energy between the levels of a two-level clock. If the local phases cannot be controlled, then the CHSH function is modulated by a harmonic function of the gravitationally induced phase shift. The same results holds for the Hugged array but for the second order approximation. If we consider only a first-order approximation, the gravity-induced phase shift vanishes, then the local phases do not depend on the gravitational field, and consequently the maximum value of the CHSH function Σmax is reached. These results contrast with the case of photons, in the absence of frequency dispersion, in a weak gravitational field, where the CHSH function reaches its maximum value of

2

2

. We compute the logarithmic negativity and show that it does not normally vanish, indicating that the generated states are entangled even if they do not violate the CHSH inequality. We show that an increase in the number of clocks per particle and in the number of levels of each clock leads to an exponential decrease in the maximum value of the CHSH functional and in the logarithmic negativity. We also consider the presence of momentum dispersion in the particle state. Interestingly, in the absence of internal degrees of freedom and to a first-order approximation, the Hugged array can lead to the maximum value of the CHSH function even in the presence of momentum dispersion, while the Franson array is affected by an exponential decay of the maximum value of the CHSH function.
Enhanced efficiency and stability of Dion–Jacobson quasi-two-dimensional perovskite solar cells by additive
Authors: Ma Wenbo , Zhang Zhenlong , Kang Miao , Liu Yuefeng , Zhang Huafang , Gao Huiping , Mao Yanli
Published: July 2022

Dion–Jacobson (DJ) quasi-two-dimensional (quasi-2D) perovskite solar cells (PSCs) have attracted increasing attention owing to their potential stability compared with the Ruddlesden-Popper (RP) phase. It is known that the low efficiency and poor thermal stability retard the application of quasi-2D PSCs. Here, DJ quasi-2D perovskite films based on propane-1.3-diammonium (PDA) spacer cations were prepared by a hot casting technique. Ionic liquid additive of 1-butyl-3-methylimidazolium tetrafluoroborate (BMIMBF4) was introduced into the quasi-2D perovskite precursor solution to improve the crystal quality and morphology of the films. The quasi-2D PSCs with BMIMBF4 achieved an optimal power conversion efficiency (PCE) of 14.07%, which is higher than the 12.45% of the control devices. The impressive 1.17 V high open-circuit voltage and 14.07% efficiency are the highest values for the reported PDA-based n–i–p type devices. Moreover, the thermal stability of the solar cells was significantly enhanced by the addition of BMIMBF4. The PCE of the devices with BMIMBF4 maintains 72% of the initial value after annealing at 85 °C for 120 h, while the PCE of control devices drops to 19% of the initial value. These results prove that the introduction of ionic liquid BMIMBF4 is a pragmatic method to elevate the efficiency and thermal stability of quasi-2D PSCs.