bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Grafted MXene Assisted Bifunctional Hydrogel for Stable and Highly Sensitive Self‐Powered Fibrous System
Authors: Pu Jie , Gao Yong , Geng Zeyu , Zhang Yongjie , Cao Qinghe , Yang Jiayu , Zhao Xin , Wang Yuxuan , Wang John , Guan Cao
Published: February 2024

Achieving highly efficient self‐powered fibrous sensing systems is desirable for smart electronic textiles but remains a great challenge. Here, a bifunctional hydrogel is proposed by introducing of polyacrylic acid grafted MXene (MXene‐g‐PAA) into polyacrylamide/chitosan, achieving high‐sensitivity sensor and a stable hydrogel electrolyte of battery. The MXene‐g‐PAA flakes act as ion transport “highway”, significantly enhance ionic conductivity, thereby increasing the sensitivity of sensors and facilitating Zn2+ diffusion in Zn‐ion battery (ZIB). The rich hydrogen bonding network in the hydrogel improves its mechanical properties and limits water molecule movement, thus reducing side reactions and prolonging the stability of ZIB. As a result, the fibrous sensor exhibits high strain sensitivity (gauge factor of 2.4) with a wide detection range (0–800%), and the fibrous Zn‐ion battery exhibits high capacity (353 mAh cm−3) with long cycling stability (400 cycles). The hydrogel‐based sensor and ZIB can be easily integrated into a flexible self‐powered sensing system, which effectively detects human movement and 3D ball motion. The bifunctional hydrogel with the integrated fibrous system will shed light on the development of next‐generation smart electronic textiles.
Thermally Activated Photochromism: Realizing Temperature‐Gated Triphenylethylene Photochromic Materials
Authors: Xiao Yuxin , Shen Mingyao , Li Jiahui , Wang Hailan , Sun Haodong , He Yunfei , Huang Rongjuan , Yu Tao , Huang Wei
Published: February 2024

Photochromic materials have drawn enormous attention for their potential applications in optical memory storage and photoswitchable molecular devices. Although great achievements for photochromic materials have been fulfilled, it is still a big challenge to realize gated photochromism for ready tunable photochromic properties. In previous studies, rare examples of gated photochromism are reported. Herein, three triarylethylene derivatives FTrPE‐oI, ClTrPE‐oI and BrTrPE‐oI with reversible thermally activated photochromic characteristics are designed and synthesized, whose crystalline powders show no photochromism until thermally activated treatments to relative temperature. Temperature acts as a gate to switch the photochromic properties by switching the aggregation state from crystalline to melted amorphous. With this progress, a broader structural realm becomes accessible for gated photochromic materials, which can now be synthetically tailored for advanced future applications, e.g., in research on gated molecular machines and switches, in studies of photoisomerization mechanisms, or in the generation of thermal tracing materials. To showcase the potential of these distinct thermally activated photochromic materials, their applications in encrypted thermal printing, thermal trace monitoring as well as multi‐level anticounterfeiting are demonstrated, in addition to a comprehensive photochemical study of all compounds.
Building Interconnected Architectures with Silicon‐Based Nanospheres and TiN Ionic Fence Enables Ultrahigh Electrochemical Stability
Authors: Jiang Miaomiao , Chen Junliang , Luo Hongxia , Ma Yuanyuan , Jiang Wan , Li Guisheng , Yang Jianping
Published: February 2024

Silicon oxide (SiOx) material is gradually developing as a promising alternative to silicon due to a better trade‐off in terms of volume expansion and theoretical capacity. However, the low conductivity and the instability of the electrode–electrolyte interface caused by the penetration of the fluorine anion (F−) severely affect the stability of the solid electrolyte interphase (SEI), ultimately leading to capacity loss and cycling instability. In this work, an “ionic fence” idea is proposed, which effectively inhibits the shuttle of F− and promotes the stability of the SEI. Based on this, a dense and orderly silicon‐based interconnected assembly covered by a TiN protective ionic fence is designed using melt‐assembly technique and nitridation strategy. After 1000 deep cycles, the capacity can be maintained at 431.7 mA h g−1, the average Coulombic efficiency can reach 99.69% throughout the cycling process, and even a steady state after 2000 cycles, showing excellent electrochemical stability. Finite element analysis reveals that the TiN fence, as a stress management layer, effectively constrains the volume expansion of materials and improves the mechanical structural stability of the particles in the fully lithiated state, thus ensuring long‐term cycling stability. Selective fence design for material interface has great universality and development potential in building stable electrode materials.
Direct Assembly of Aerogel Micro‐Nanofiber/MXene Sponges with Dual‐Network Structures for All‐Day Personal Heating
Authors: Wang Sai , Zhao Xiangdong , Yang Zaihui , Ding Ruida , Tian Yucheng , Wang Xianfeng , Yu Jianyong , Zhang Shichao , Ding Bin
Published: February 2024

Maintaining human body temperature under low temperature is crucial to human well‐being, thereby urgently requiring for high‐performance warmth retention materials. However, designing such materials with both mechanical robustness and warming up the human body under complex and changing outdoor environments remains challenging. Here, a dual‐network structured aerogel micro‐nanofiber/MXene sponge is directly synthesized by the synchronous occurrence of electrospinning and electrospraying. Tailoring phase inversion of the solution jet creates micro‐nanofibers with highly porous aerogel structures, which exhibit nanoscale aperture (30–60 nm) and high single fiber surface aera (56.5 m2 g−1). Under strong hydrogen bonding interaction, the dual‐network structures are constructed by chemical entanglement between aerogel micro‐nanofibers and self‐assembled MXene networks, achieving robust stretchable and compressible property. The nanopores of the single fiber cause the Knudsen effect to suppress the slippage of air molecules, thereby enhancing the unique capacity to block heat energy. Further integrating passive radiative heating and active heating performance of MXene networks, the as‐designed sponge offers an all‐day personal heating system to rise human skin temperature over 3.5 °C. This work may provide new candidates for the applications within aerospace, energy, transportation, and building.
The Electron Migration Polarization Boosting Electromagnetic Wave Absorption Based on Ce Atoms Modulated yolk@shell FexN@NGC
Authors: Ma Zhenhui , Yang Ke , Li Da , Liu Hu , Hui Shengchong , Jiang Yuying , Li Siyuan , Li Yiming , Yang Wang , Wu Hongjing , Hou Yanglong
Published: February 2024

The electron migration polarization is considered as a promising approach to optimize electromagnetic waves (EMW) dissipation. However, it is still difficult to realize well‐controlled electron migration and elucidate the related EMW loss mechanisms for current researches. Herein, a novel FexN@NGC/Ce system to construct an effective electron migration model based on the electron leaps among the 4f/5d/6s orbitals of Ce ions is explored. In Fe4N@NGC/CeSA+Cs+NPs, Ce single‐atoms (SA) mainly represent a +3 valence state, which can feed the electrons to Ce4+ of clusters (Cs) and CeO2 nanoparticles (NPs) through a conductive network under EMW, leading to the electron migration polarization. Such electron migration loss combined with excellent magnetic loss provided by Fe4N core, results in the optimal EMW attenuation performance with a minimum reflection loss exceeds −85.1 dB and a broadened absorption bandwidth up to 7.5 GHz at 1.5 mm. This study clarifies the in‐depth relationship between electron migration polarization and EMW dissipation, providing profound insights into developing well‐coordinated magnetic–dielectric nanocomposites for EMW absorption engineering.
Symmetry Breaking Induced Amorphization of Cobalt‐Based Catalyst for Boosted CO2 Photoreduction
Authors: Guo Tianqi , Xu Xiaoxue , Xu Zhongfei , You Feifei , Fan Xiaoyu , Liu Juzhe , Wang Zhongchang
Published: February 2024

Photocatalytic reduction of CO2 to energy carriers is intriguing in the industry but kinetically hard to fulfil due to the lack of rationally designed catalysts. A promising way to improve the efficiency and selectivity of such reduction is to break the structural symmetry of catalysts by manipulating coordination. Here, inspired by analogous CoO6 and CoSe6 octahedral structural motifs of the Co(OH)2 and CoSe, a hetero‐anionic coordination strategy is proposed to construct a symmetry‐breaking photocatalyst prototype of oxygen‐deficient Se‐doped cobalt hydroxide upon first‐principles calculations. Such involvement of large‐size Se atoms in CoO6 octahedral frameworks experimentally lead to the switching of semiconductor type of cobalt hydroxide from p to n, generation of oxygen defects, and amorphization. The resultant oxygen‐deficient Se,O‐coordinated Co‐based amorphous nanosheets exhibit impressive photocatalytic performance of CO2 to CO with a generation rate of 60.7 µmol g−1 h−1 in the absence of photosensitizer and scavenger, superior to most of the Co‐based photocatalysts. This work establishes a correlation between the symmetry‐breaking of catalytic sites and CO2 photoreduction performances, opening up a new paradigm in the design of amorphous photocatalysts for CO2 reduction.
Fabrication of [001]‐Oriented FAPbI3‐Based Photodetector With Excellent Air Stability Via Green Anti‐Solvent Additive Engineering
Authors: Yun Kwang‐Ro , Kim Se‐Jin , Seong Tae‐Yeon
Published: February 2024

Formamidinium lead triiodide (FAPbI3) exhibits excellent thermal and chemical stability, making it a suitable alternative for methylammonium lead triiodide (MAPbI3) in high‐performance photodetectors. However, FAPbI3 faces the challenge of transforming from the metastable photoactive black phase α‐FAPbI3 to the photoinactive yellow phase δ‐FAPbI3 at room temperature. This phase transition is accelerated in humid atmospheric conditions. To realize high‐performance FAPbI3‐based photodetectors, it is crucial to form stable and highly crystalline phase‐pure α‐FAPbI3 films. Herein, is fabricate highly stable and crystalline FAPbI3 films and photodetectors through anti‐solvent additive engineering (AAE) using a green anti‐solvent (isopropanol, IPA) and an organic spacer (phenethylammonium iodide, PEAI). It is found that PEAI‐AAE treatment induced [001]‐preferred orientation growth in FAPbI3 films, and passivated defects within the crystal. The photodetectors based on PEAI‐AAE‐treated FAPbI3 film exhibits a fast response time of 485 µs/525 µs (rise time/fall time), high responsivity of 24.89 A W−1, and excellent specific detectivity of 1.56 × 1013 Jones. Moreover, the PEAI‐AAE‐treated FAPbI3 photodetector retained over 80% of its initial performance even after exposure to ambient air for over 720 h, demonstrating excellent long‐term stability. This study provides a green processing method that paves the way for future commercialization of perovskite‐based optoelectronic devices.
Regioselective [3+2]‐Spiroannulation and [4+n]‐Annulation Approaches through Activation of C−H Bond Facilitated by Ru(II) as Catalyst: Role of Solvent Selectivity
Authors: Dev Mandal Rahul , Sarkar Anindita , Das Dwaipayan , Das Asish R.
Published: February 2024

Ru(II)‐catalyzed and solvent‐switched [3+2]‐spiroannulation and [4+n] (n=1, 2, 3) annulations of 2‐aryl quinazolinone or 2‐aryl‐2,3‐dihydrophthalazine‐1,4‐diones with ynones or alkynyl alcohol or 1,3‐diynes under mild reaction conditions have been analyzed. These reactions take place in the presence of the appropriate solvent and features a redox‐neutral pathway. Ynone serves as an ‘atypical one‐carbon unit’ in [4+1] annulation and generates a tetrasubstituted carbon center bearing diverse heterocycles through [3+2] and [4+1] annulation strategies. Post transformations of the synthesized spiro‐products augments the potential of the developed methodology.
Supramolecular Chiral Binding Affinity‐Achieved Efficient Synergistic Cancer Therapy
Authors: Zhou Jinfeng , Gu Jiake , Sun Xiaohuan , Ye Qianyun , Wu Xuan , Xi Juqun , Han Jie , Liu Yu
Published: February 2024

Supramolecular chirality‐mediated selective interaction among native assemblies is essential for precise disease diagnosis and treatment. Herein, to fully understand the supramolecular chiral binding affinity‐achieved therapeutic efficiency, supramolecular chiral nanoparticles (WP5⊃D/L‐Arg+DOX+ICG) with the chirality transfer from chiral arginine (D/L‐Arg) to water‐soluble pillar[5]arene (WP5) are developed through non‐covalent interactions, in which an anticancer drug (DOX, doxorubicin hydrochloride) and a photothermal agent (ICG, indocyanine green) are successfully loaded. Interestingly, the WP5⊃D‐Arg nanoparticles show 107 folds stronger binding capability toward phospholipid‐composed liposomes compared with WP5⊃L‐Arg. The enantioselective interaction further triggers the supramolecular chirality‐specific drug accumulation in cancer cells. As a consequence, WP5⊃D‐Arg+DOX+ICG exhibits extremely enhanced chemo‐photothermal synergistic therapeutic efficacy (tumor inhibition rate of 99.4%) than that of WP5⊃L‐Arg+DOX+ICG (tumor inhibition rate of 56.4%) under the same condition. This work reveals the breakthrough that supramolecular chiral assemblies can induce surprisingly large difference in cancer therapy, providing strong support for the significance of supramolecular chirality in bio‐application.
3D Printing of a Vascularized Mini‐Liver Based on the Size‐Dependent Functional Enhancements of Cell Spheroids for Rescue of Liver Failure
Authors: Zhang Jiabin , Chen Xiaodie , Chai Yurong , Zhuo Chenya , Xu Yanteng , Xue Tiantian , Shao Dan , Tao Yu , Li Mingqiang
Published: February 2024

The emerging stem cell‐derived hepatocyte‐like cells (HLCs) are the alternative cell sources of hepatocytes for treatment of highly lethal acute liver failure (ALF). However, the hostile local environment and the immature cell differentiation may compromise their therapeutic efficacy. To this end, human adipose‐derived mesenchymal stromal/stem cells (hASCs) are engineered into different‐sized multicellular spheroids and co‐cultured with 3D coaxially and hexagonally patterned human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs) in a liver lobule‐like manner to enhance their hepatic differentiation efficiency. It is found that small‐sized hASC spheroids, with a diameter of ≈50 µm, show superior pro‐angiogenic effects and hepatic differentiation compared to the other counterparts. The size‐dependent functional enhancements are mediated by the Wnt signaling pathway. Meanwhile, co‐culture of hASCs with HUVECs, at a HUVECs/hASCs seeding density ratio of 2:1, distinctly promotes hepatic differentiation and vascularization both in vitro and in vivo, especially when endothelial cells are patterned into hollow hexagons. After subcutaneous implantation, the mini‐liver, consisting of HLC spheroids and 3D‐printed interconnected vasculatures, can effectively improve liver regeneration in two ALF animal models through amelioration of local oxidative stress and inflammation, reduction of liver necrosis, as well as increase of cell proliferation, thereby showing great promise for clinical translation.
New Mechanistic Insights into Electrokinetic Competition Between Nitrogen Reduction and Hydrogen Evolution Reactions
Authors: Jiang Lin , Bai Xiaowan , Zhi Xing , Jiao Yan
Published: February 2024

Achieving both high activity and selectivity presents a significant challenge for electrochemical N2 reduction (eNRR) due to the competing hydrogen evolution reaction (HER). Although density functional theory‐based computations can identify eNRR‐favored electrocatalysts, there is a significant gap between theoretical predictions and experimental observations. In this work, a comprehensive analysis of the kinetic competition between eNRR and HER at the electrode‐electrolyte interface (EEI) from three perspectives: kinetic N2 adsorption, *N2 hydrogenation, and corresponding potential‐dependent kinetics is presented. This data reveals that N2 adsorption at EEI is kinetically facile. Upon *N2 adsorption, the subsequent hydrogenation is influenced by electrode potentials. At lower overpotentials, *N2 hydrogenation is more facile than HER. However, at higher overpotentials, eNRR becomes kinetically disadvantaged due to limited N2 availability at the EEI, while HER kinetics accelerate and eventually dominate. Therefore, the electrochemical eNRR potential window for different catalysts is identified. A compelling evidence is presented that enhancing N2 concentration near the EEI is the key to improving eNRR activity. These findings offer critical fundamental insights for future strategies aimed at making green ammonia synthesis more efficient.
Systematic online academic resource (SOAR) review: Pediatric respiratory infectious disease
Authors: Belfer Joshua , Roskind Cindy G. , Grock Andrew , Jung JooYeon , Bae Shirley W. , Zhao Lisa , Sobolewski Brad
Published: February 2024

Background

Free open access medical education (FOAM) resources have become increasingly popular in graduate medical education. Despite their accessibility, the assessment of FOAM resources’ quality is challenging due to their decentralized nature and the diverse qualifications of their authors and distribution platforms. In this first pediatric systematic online academic resource (SOAR) review, we utilized a systematic methodology to aggregate and assess the quality of FOAM resources on pediatric respiratory infectious disease topics.

Methods

We searched 177 keywords using FOAMSearch, the top 50 FOAM websites on the Social Media Index, and seven additional pediatric emergency medicine–focused blogs. Following a basic initial screen, resources then underwent full‐text quality assessment utilizing the revised Medical Education Translational Resources: Impact and Quality (rMETRIQ) tool.

Results

The search yielded 44,897 resources. After 44,456 were excluded, 441 underwent quality assessment. A total of 36/441 posts (8% of posts) reached the high‐quality threshold score (rMETRIQ ≥ 16). The most frequent topics overall were pneumonia and bronchiolitis. A total of 67/441 posts (15% of posts) were found to have a rMETRIQ score of less than or equal to 7, which may indicate poor quality.

Conclusions

We systematically identified, described, and performed quality assessment on FOAM resources pertaining to the topic of pediatric respiratory infectious disease. We found that there is a paucity of high‐quality posts on this topic. Despite this, the curated list of high‐quality resources can help guide trainees and educators toward relevant educational information and suggest unmet needs for future FOAM resources.
Premises for a digital twin of the Atlantic salmon in its world: Agency, robustness, subjectivity and prediction
Authors: Budaev Sergey , Dumitru Magda L. , Enberg Katja , Handeland Sigurd Olav , Higginson Andrew D. , Kristiansen Tore S. , Opdal Anders F. , Railsback Steven F. , Rønnestad Ivar , Vollset Knut Wiik , Mangel Marc , Giske Jarl
Published: February 2024

Aquaculture of Atlantic salmon Salmo salar is in transition to precision fish farming and digitalization. As it is easier, cheaper and safer to study a digital replica than the system itself, a model of the fish can potentially improve monitoring and prediction of facilities and operations and replace live fish in many what‐if experiments. Regulators, consumers and voters also want insight into how it is like to be a salmon in aquaculture. However, such information is credible only if natural physiology and behaviour of the living fish is adequately represented. To be able to predict salmon behaviour in unfamiliar, confusing and stressful situations, the modeller must aim for a sufficiently realistic behavioural model based on the animal's proximate robustness mechanisms. We review the knowledge status and algorithms for how evolution has formed fish to control decisions and set priorities for behaviour and ontogeny. Teleost body control is through genes, hormones, nerves, muscles, sensing, cognition and behaviour, the latter being agentic, predictive and subjective, also in a man‐made environment. These are the challenges when constructing the digital salmon. This perspective is also useful for modelling other domesticated and wild animals in Anthropocene environments.
Whole genome‐wide sequence analysis of long‐lived families (Long‐Life Family Study) identifies MTUS2 gene associated with late‐onset Alzheimer's disease
Authors: Xicota Laura , Cosentino Stephanie , Vardarajan Badri , Mayeux Richard , Perls Thomas T. , Andersen Stacy L. , Zmuda Joseph M. , Thyagarajan Bharat , Yashin Anatoli , Wojczynski Mary K. , Krinsky‐McHale Sharon , Handen Benjamin L. , Christian Bradley T. , Head Elizabeth , Mapstone Mark E. , Schupf Nicole , Lee Joseph H. , Barral Sandra ,   the Long‐Life Family Study (LLFS),   Alzheimer's Disease Genetic Consortium (ADGC)
Published: February 2024

INTRODUCTION

Late‐onset Alzheimer's disease (LOAD) has a strong genetic component. Participants in Long‐Life Family Study (LLFS) exhibit delayed onset of dementia, offering a unique opportunity to investigate LOAD genetics.

METHODS

We conducted a whole genome sequence analysis of 3475 LLFS members. Genetic associations were examined in six independent studies (N = 14,260) with a wide range of LOAD risk. Association analysis in a sub‐sample of the LLFS cohort (N = 1739) evaluated the association of LOAD variants with beta amyloid (Aβ) levels.

RESULTS

We identified several single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in tight linkage disequilibrium within the MTUS2 gene associated with LOAD (rs73154407, p = 7.6 × 10−9). Association of MTUS2 variants with LOAD was observed in the five independent studies and was significantly stronger within high levels of Aβ42/40 ratio compared to lower amyloid.

DISCUSSION

MTUS2 encodes a microtubule associated protein implicated in the development and function of the nervous system, making it a plausible candidate to investigate LOAD biology.

Highlights

Long‐Life Family Study (LLFS) families may harbor late onset Alzheimer's dementia (LOAD) variants.

LLFS whole genome sequence analysis identified MTUS2 gene variants associated with LOAD.

The observed LLFS variants generalized to cohorts with wide range of LOAD risk.

The association of MTUS2 with LOAD was stronger within high levels of beta amyloid.

Our results provide evidence for MTUS2 gene as a novel LOAD candidate locus.
Presenilin‐1 mutation position influences amyloidosis, small vessel disease, and dementia with disease stage
Authors: Joseph‐Mathurin Nelly , Feldman Rebecca L. , Lu Ruijin , Shirzadi Zahra , Toomer Carmen , Saint Clair Junie R. , Ma Yinjiao , McKay Nicole S. , Strain Jeremy F. , Kilgore Collin , Friedrichsen Karl A. , Chen Charles D. , Gordon Brian A. , Chen Gengsheng , Hornbeck Russ C. , Massoumzadeh Parinaz , McCullough Austin A. , Wang Qing , Li Yan , Wang Guoqiao , Keefe Sarah J. , Schultz Stephanie A. , Cruchaga Carlos , Preboske Gregory M. , Jack Clifford R. , Llibre‐Guerra Jorge J. , Allegri Ricardo F. , Ances Beau M. , Berman Sarah B. , Brooks William S. , Cash David M. , Day Gregory S. , Fox Nick C. , Fulham Michael , Ghetti Bernardino , Johnson Keith A. , Jucker Mathias , Klunk William E. , la Fougère Christian , Levin Johannes , Niimi Yoshiki , Oh Hwamee , Perrin Richard J. , Reischl Gerald , Ringman John M. , Saykin Andrew J. , Schofield Peter R. , Su Yi , Supnet‐Bell Charlene , Vöglein Jonathan , Yakushev Igor , Brickman Adam M. , Morris John C. , McDade Eric , Xiong Chengjie , Bateman Randall J. , Chhatwal Jasmeer P. , Benzinger Tammie L. S. ,   for the Dominantly Inherited Alzheimer Network
Published: February 2024

INTRODUCTION

Amyloidosis, including cerebral amyloid angiopathy, and markers of small vessel disease (SVD) vary across dominantly inherited Alzheimer's disease (DIAD) presenilin‐1 (PSEN1) mutation carriers. We investigated how mutation position relative to codon 200 (pre‐/postcodon 200) influences these pathologic features and dementia at different stages.

METHODS

Individuals from families with known PSEN1 mutations (n = 393) underwent neuroimaging and clinical assessments. We cross‐sectionally evaluated regional Pittsburgh compound B‐positron emission tomography uptake, magnetic resonance imaging markers of SVD (diffusion tensor imaging‐based white matter injury, white matter hyperintensity volumes, and microhemorrhages), and cognition.

RESULTS

Postcodon 200 carriers had lower amyloid burden in all regions but worse markers of SVD and worse Clinical Dementia Rating® scores compared to precodon 200 carriers as a function of estimated years to symptom onset. Markers of SVD partially mediated the mutation position effects on clinical measures.

DISCUSSION

We demonstrated the genotypic variability behind spatiotemporal amyloidosis, SVD, and clinical presentation in DIAD, which may inform patient prognosis and clinical trials.

Highlights

Mutation position influences Aβ burden, SVD, and dementia.

PSEN1 pre‐200 group had stronger associations between Aβ burden and disease stage.

PSEN1 post‐200 group had stronger associations between SVD markers and disease stage.

PSEN1 post‐200 group had worse dementia score than pre‐200 in late disease stage.

Diffusion tensor imaging‐based SVD markers mediated mutation position effects on dementia in the late stage.
Post‐intensive care syndrome: Recent advances and future directions
Authors: Inoue Shigeaki , Nakanishi Nobuto , Amaya Fumimasa , Fujinami Yoshihisa , Hatakeyama Junji , Hifumi Toru , Iida Yuki , Kawakami Daisuke , Kawai Yusuke , Kondo Yutaka , Liu Keibun , Nakamura Kensuke , Nishida Takeshi , Sumita Hidenori , Taito Shunsuke , Takaki Shunsuke , Tsuboi Norihiko , Unoki Takeshi , Yoshino Yasuyo , Nishida Osamu
Published: February 2024

Post‐intensive care syndrome comprises physical, cognitive, and mental impairments in patients treated in an intensive care unit (ICU). It occurs either during the ICU stay or following ICU discharge and is related to the patients' long‐term prognosis. The same concept also applies to pediatric patients, and it can greatly affect the mental status of family members. In the 10 years since post‐intensive care syndrome was first proposed, research has greatly expanded. Here, we summarize the recent evidence on post‐intensive care syndrome regarding its pathophysiology, epidemiology, assessment, risk factors, prevention, and treatments. We highlight new topics, future directions, and strategies to overcome post‐intensive care syndrome among people treated in an ICU. Clinical and basic research are still needed to elucidate the mechanistic insights and to discover therapeutic targets and new interventions for post‐intensive care syndrome.
Efficacy of Endovascular Thrombectomy in Acute Basilar Artery Occlusion with Low PC‐ASPECTS: A Nationwide Prospective Registry‐Based Study
Authors: Chang Jun Young , Lee Ji Sung , Kim Wook‐Joo , Kwon Jee Hyun , Kim Beom Joon , Kim Joon‐Tae , Lee Jun , Cha Jae Kwan , Kim Dae‐Hyun , Cho Yong‐Jin , Hong Keun‐Sik , Lee Soo Joo , Park Jong‐Moo , Kang Kyusik , Lee Byung‐Chul , Yu Kyung‐Ho , Lee Sang‐Hwa , Kim Chulho , Park Kwang‐Yeol , Kim Dong‐Eog , Lee Kyungbok , Park Tai Hwan , Choi Jay Chol , Shin Dong‐Ick , Sohn Sung‐Il , Bae Hee‐Joon , Han Moon‐Ku ,   the CRCS‐K‐NIH (Clinical Research Collaboration for Stroke in Korea‐National Institutes of Health) investigators
Published: February 2024

Objective

We evaluated the efficacy of endovascular thrombectomy (EVT) on the functional outcome of patients with acute basilar artery occlusion and low posterior circulation acute stroke prognosis early computed tomography score (PC‐ASPECTS).

Methods

We identified patients with acute ischemic stroke due to basilar artery occlusion and PC‐ASPECTS of 6 or less, presenting within 24 h between August 2008 and April 2022. The primary outcome was a favorable functional outcome, defined as a modified Rankin Scale (mRS) score of 0–3 at 90 days. The secondary outcomes included an mRS score of 0–2, a favorable shift in the ordinal mRS scale, the occurrence of symptomatic intracranial hemorrhage (sICH), and mortality at 90 days. We compared the outcome of patients treated with EVT and those without EVT, using the inverse probability of treatment weighting methods.

Results

Out of 566 patients, 55.5% received EVT. In the EVT group, 106 (33.8%) achieved favorable outcomes, compared to 56 patients (22.2%) in the conservative group. EVT significantly increased the likelihood of achieving a favorable outcome compared to conservative treatment (relative risk [RR] 1.39, 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.11–1.74, p = 0.004). EVT was associated with a favorable shift in the mRS (RR 1.85, 95% CI, 1.49–2.29, p < 0.001) and reduced mortality without an increase in the risk of sICH. It did not have an impact on achieving an mRS score of 0–2.

Interpretation

Patients with acute basilar artery occlusion and a PC‐ASPECTS of 6 or less might benefit from EVT without an increasing sICH. ANN NEUROL 2024;95:788–799
Heterometallic bridged Pt(II)‐Zn(II) complexes: Influence of the substituent in 4′‐position in inert terpy ligand on antigenotoxicity, potential antitumor activity and mechanism of interactions of the complexes with biomolecules
Authors: Serezlić Majda Kolenović , Hasić Rušid , Ašanin Darko , Šmit Biljana , Matić Sanja Lj. , Serafinović Marina Ćendić , Nikodijević Danijela , Jovankić Jovana , Grgurić‐Šipka Sanja , Soldatović Tanja V.
Published: February 2024

The synthesis and characterization of novel hetrometallic complexes [{cis‐PtCl(NH3)2(μ‐4,4′‐bipyridyl)ZnCl(terpy‐Cl)}](ClO4)2 (C1a), [{trans‐PtCl(NH3)2(μ‐4,4′‐bipyridyl)ZnCl(terpy)}](ClO4)2 (C2a), [{cis‐PtCl(NH3)2(μ‐pyrazine)ZnCl(terpy‐Cl)}](ClO4)2 (C3a) and [{trans‐PtCl(NH3)2(μ‐pyrazine)ZnCl(terpy‐Cl)}](ClO4)2 (C4a) (where terpy‐Cl = 4′‐chloro‐2,2′:6′,2′′‐terpyridine) was done. Acid–base titrations were performed by UV–Vis spectrophotometric method to evaluate the pKa values of corresponding aqua complexes. Interactions between complexes and important biomolecules, guanosine‐5′‐monophosphate (5′‐GMP) and glutathione (GSH) were examined by 1H NMR spectroscopy. The chloride substituent at the 4′ position on the middle pyridine ring of terpyridine ligand significantly affects the coordination of biomolecules, as well as overall stability of complexes. The complexes were evaluated in vitro for the antioxidant prevention of DNA damages. All tested novel complexes demonstrated a significant reduction in DNA damage against oxidative modifications of DNA caused by the hydroxyl and peroxyl radicals. Also, cytotoxicity evaluation showed that significant cytotoxicity occurs only after long‐term effect of C1a, C2a and C3a, complexes in HCT‐116 cells. Molecular docking studies predict results in agreement with experimental research.
Preparation and properties of transparent, waterproof, and antibacterial composite film materials
Authors: Wang Haihua , Zhang Hao , Yang Chenrong , Fei Guiqiang , Xie Pan
Published: February 2024

Transparent polymer materials, such as plastics, have become widely used in the packaging industry due to their excellent properties. However, their nondegradability has led to a significant environmental issue known as “white pollution.” To address this issue, a transparent antibacterial film material was prepared using carboxymethyl cellulose and carboxymethyl chitosan as raw materials through an acid‐assisted freeze–thaw strategy. The material exhibits optical transmittance exceeding 90% and a tensile strength of up to 124.1 MPa. Meanwhile, this material demonstrated excellent waterproof performance as well as antibacterial activity to Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli. Therefore, this film material holds promising potential for development in antibacterial food packaging.
Metatarsals and foot phalanges from the Sima de los Huesos Middle Pleistocene site (Atapuerca, Burgos, Spain)
Authors: Pablos Adrián , Arsuaga Juan Luis
Published: February 2024

This study provides a complete, updated and illustrated inventory, as well as a comprehensive study, of the metatarsals and foot phalanges (forefoot) recovered from the Middle Pleistocene site of Sima de los Huesos (SH, Atapuerca, Spain) in comparison to other Homo comparative samples, both extant and fossils. This current updated review has established a minimum number of individuals (MNI) of 17, which represent 58.6% of the 29 dental individuals identified within the SH sample. An exclusive or autoapomorphic combination of traits can be recognized within the SH hominin foot sample. A few traits appear primitive or plesiomorphic when compared with earlier Homo individuals and other recent modern humans. There are other metrical and morphological traits that SH hominins and Neandertals have in common that sometimes represent shared derived traits in this evolutionary line, most of which are probably related to robusticity. Furthermore, some exclusive autoapomorphic traits are observed in the SH sample: a very broad first metatarsal, long and broad hallucal proximal foot phalanges and possibly extremely robust lateral distal foot phalanges compared to those of Neandertals and modern humans. In these last traits, the SH metatarsals and pedal phalanges are even more robust than in Neandertals. They are herein named as “hyper‐Neandertal” traits, which could suggest a slight gracilization process in this evolutionary line, at least in the hallux toe. Finally, some paleobiological inferences are made in relation to body size (stature and body mass) and some associations are proposed within the SH sample.
Alkoxylated Fluoranthene‐Fused [3.3.3]Propellanes: Facile Film Formation against High π‐Core Content
Authors: Kato Kenichi , Uchida Yuta , Kaneda Tomoya , Tachibana Tomoki , Ohtani Shunsuke , Ogoshi Tomoki
Published: February 2024

Solid‐state assembling modes are as crucial as the chemical structures of single molecules for real applications. In this work, solid‐state structures and phase‐transition temperatures are investigated for a series of fluoranthene‐fused [3.3.3]propellanes consisting of a rigid three‐dimensional (3D) π‐core and varying lengths of alkoxy groups. Compounds in this series with n‐butoxy or longer alkoxy groups take an amorphous state at room temperature. In these molecules, rotatable biaryl‐type bonds are not incorporated and high D3h molecular symmetry is retained. Therefore, π‐fused [3.3.3]propellanes present a unique platform for amorphous molecular materials with low ratios of flexible alkoxy atoms to rigid π‐core ones.
Modeling chloramine stability and disinfection byproduct formation in groundwater high in bromide
Authors: Shimabuku Kyle , Henrie Tarrah , Schultise David , Pillai Sunil
Published: February 2024

Bromide can promote monochloramine decomposition and disinfection byproduct (DBP) formation. Monochloramine and total chlorine stability as well as total trihalomethane and haloacetic acid formation were examined in groundwater with high bromide levels (300–1700 μg/L) following chlorine or KMnO₄ preoxidation. An N,N‐Diethyl‐p‐phenylenediamine (DPD)‐based total chlorine method detected chloramines and brominated amines (e.g., NH2Br, NHBrCl). An indophenol‐based monochloramine method showed minimal interference from brominated amines. Differences between these methods' measurements likely indicated brominated amine concentrations. Substantial total chlorine demands (up to ~3.5 mg/L in 4 days) following chlorine preoxidation were observed due to the presence of brominated amines. Total chlorine measurements were more stable and DBP formation was limited following KMnO₄ preoxidation because ammonia was dosed before chlorine, which inhibited brominated amine formation. A kinetic model developed elsewhere for dissolved organic matter (DOM)‐free water generally tracked with experimental results but some deviations occurred possibly because DOM consumed bromochloramine or its reaction intermediates.
Chromatographic authentication of botanical origin: Herbaceous pollen profiling with HPLC, HPTLC and GC–MS analysis
Authors: Aziza Nozimova , Khaydarov Khislat , Zafar Muhammad , Alsakkaf Waleed A. A. , Alkahtani Jawaher , Ahmad Mushtaq , Makhkamov Trobjon , Djumayeva Zamira , Zengin Gokhan , Eshboyevich Tursunboev Khamdam , Beilerli Aferin , Gareev Ilgiz , Ochilov Ulugbek , Sultanovich Islamov Boston , Iskandarovna Umurzakova Zebiniso , Wibawa I Putu Agus Hendra
Published: February 2024

This study describes a robust chromatographic authentication methodology for herbaceous pollen, employing gas chromatography–mass spectrometry (GC–MS), high‐performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) and high‐performance thin liquid chromatography (HPTLC) protocols. The comprehensive profiling of organic compounds not only distinguishes between different botanical sources but also establishes a reliable framework for quality control and assessment of herbaceous pollen authenticity. Traces of quercetin were detectable using HPTLC in Chaenomeles japonica, and the composition of the mobile phase led to distinct phenolic acid tracks in the extracts of free phenolic compounds. In Lonicera nummulariifolia, prominent chlorogenic acid signal and traces of 3,4‐dihydroxybenzoic acid were identified, along with the presence of vanillic, trans‐ferulic, p‐coumaric and p‐hydroxybenzoic and sinapic as phenolic acid standards. The HPLC chromatogram identified six peaks representing bioactive phenolic compounds such as gallic acid measuring 5.89 ± 0.56 mg g−1, hydroxybenzoic acid 2.39 ± 0.78 mg g−1 and caffeic acid 2.83 ± 0.11 mg g−1. The combined use of GC–MS, HPTLC and HPLC techniques provides a powerful and reliable means of authenticating the botanical origin of herbaceous pollen, offering valuable insights for quality control and ensuring the accuracy of botanical source identification.
Scrotal nodular scabies
Authors: Sang Bo , Liu Zehu , Xia Xiujiao
Published: February 2024

Key Clinical Message

Scabies is a highly infectious parasitic skin disease, The most common lesions are solid and 2–3 mm in diameter (papules). Very few cases will develop into nodular scabies, and microscopy is frequently negative in patients with clinically diagnosed nodular scabies. The accuracy of microscopy depends on the expertise of the operator, particularly in finding burrows and extracting the relevant material.
Cooperative Covalent–Noncovalent Organocatalysis of the Knoevenagel Condensation Based on an Amine and Iodonium Salt Mixture
Authors: Sysoeva Alexandra A. , Il'in Mikhail V. , Bolotin Dmitrii S.
Published: February 2024

The experimentally obtained kinetic data has indicated the existence of a synergetic cocatalytic effect provided by an iodonium salt in the base‐catalyzed Knoevenagel condensation. The diphenyliodonium triflate serving as the halogen bond‐donating Lewis acid provides the higher cocatalytic effect than zinc(II) triflate or triflic acid serving, respectively, as the metal cation‐based Lewis acid and Brønsted acid. Such a cocatalytic effect remains the same for a broad scope of carbonyl compounds covering aldehydes featuring electron‐withdrawing or electron‐donating substituents, as well as ketone involved in the reaction.
Hybrid hard carbon framework derived from polystyrene bearing distinct molecular crosslinking for enhanced sodium storage
Authors: Qiu Yuqian , Jiang Guangshen , Su Yanxia , Zhang Xinren , Du Yuxuan , Xu Xiaosa , Ye Qian , Zhang Jinbo , Ban Miaohan , Xu Fei , Wang Hongqiang
Published: February 2024

Exploiting high‐performance yet low‐cost hard carbon anodes is crucial to advancing the state‐of‐the‐art sodium‐ion batteries. However, the achievement of superior initial Coulombic efficiency (ICE) and high Na‐storage capacity via low‐temperature carbonization remains challenging due to the presence of tremendous defects with few closed pores. Here, a facile hybrid carbon framework design is proposed from the polystyrene precursor bearing distinct molecular bridges at a low pyrolysis temperature of 800°C via in situ fusion and embedding strategy. This is realized by integrating triazine‐ and carbonyl‐crosslinked polystyrene nanospheres during carbonization. The triazine crosslinking allows in situ fusion of spheres into layered carbon with low defects and abundant closed pores, which serves as a matrix for embedding the well‐retained carbon spheres with nanopores/defects derived from carbonyl crosslinking. Therefore, the hybrid hard carbon with intimate interface showcases synergistic Na ions storage behavior, showing an ICE of 70.2%, a high capacity of 279.3 mAh g−1, and long‐term 500 cycles, superior to carbons from the respective precursor and other reported carbons fabricated under the low carbonization temperature. The present protocol opens new avenues toward low‐cost hard carbon anode materials for high‐performance sodium‐ion batteries.
Recycled graphite for more sustainable lithium‐ion batteries
Authors: Olutogun Mayokun , Vanderbruggen Anna , Frey Christoph , Rudolph Martin , Bresser Dominic , Passerini Stefano
Published: February 2024

The demand for lithium‐ion batteries (LIBs) is driven largely by their use in electric vehicles, which is projected to increase dramatically in the future. This great success, however, urgently calls for the efficient recycling of LIBs at the end of their life. Herein, we describe a froth flotation‐based process to recycle graphite—the predominant active material for the negative electrode—from spent LIBs and investigate its reuse in newly assembled LIBs. It has been found that the structure and morphology of the recycled graphite are essentially unchanged compared to pristine commercial anode‐grade graphite, and despite some minor impurities from the recycling process, the recycled graphite provides a remarkable reversible specific capacity of more than 350 mAh g−1. Even more importantly, newly assembled graphite‖NMC532 cells show excellent cycling stability with a capacity retention of 80% after 1000 cycles, that is, comparable to the performance of reference full cells comprising pristine commercial graphite.
One–Step Hydrothermal Synthesis of NVO Cathodes with Varied Lattice NH4+ Content: Effect on Structural Evolution and Electrochemical Performance
Authors: Jiang Yanchen , Wang Chao , Huang Jiangfeng , Huang Yin , Sun Ao , Li Xia , Lu Jiayi , Wen Zuoliang , Xue Liang , Zhu Junwu
Published: February 2024

Aqueous zinc ion batteries have been extensively researched due to their distinctive advantages such as low cost and high safety. Vanadium oxides are important cathode materials, however, poor cycle life caused by vanadium dissolution limits their application. Recent studies show that the lattice NH4+ in vanadium oxides can act as a pillar to enhance structural stability and play a crucial role in improving its cycling stability. Nevertheless, there is still a lack of research on the effect of the lattice NH4+ content on structural evolution and electrochemical performance. Herein, we synthesize vanadium oxides with different contents of lattice NH4+ by a one‐step hydrothermal reaction. The vanadium oxides with lattice NH4+ exhibit high initial capacity, as well as good cycling stability and rate performance compared to bare vanadium oxide. Combined with electrochemical analyses, ex‐situ structural characterizations, and in‐situ X‐ray diffraction tests, we reveal that the lattice NH4+ content plays a positive role in vanadium oxides′ structural stability and cation diffusion kinetics. This work presents a direction for designing high–performance vanadium cathodes for aqueous zinc ion batteries.
Constructing Hollow Microcubes SnS2 as Negative Electrode for Sodium‐ion and Potassium‐ion Batteries
Authors: Li Chengping , Yu Hongrui , Dong Peng , Wang Ding , Zeng Xiaoyuan , Wang Jinsong , Zhang Zhengfu , Zhang Yingjie , Sarapulova Angelina , Luo Xianlin , Pfeifer Kristina , Ehrenberg Helmut , Dsoke Sonia
Published: February 2024

Sodium/potassium‐ion batteries (NIBs and KIBs) are considered the most promising candidates for lithium‐ion batteries in energy storage fields. Tin sulfide (SnS2) is regarded as an attractive negative candidate for NIBs and KIBs thanks to its superior power density, high‐rate performance and natural richness. Nevertheless, the slow dynamics, the enormous volume change and the decomposition of polysulfide intermediates limit its practical application. Herein, microcubes SnS2 were prepared through sacrificial MnCO3 template‐assisted and a facile solvothermal reaction strategy and their performance was investigated in Na and K‐based cells. The unique hollow cubic structure and well‐confined SnS2 nanosheets play an important role in Na+/K+ rapid kinetic and alleviating volume change. The effect of the carbon additives (Super P/C65) on the electrochemical properties were investigated thoroughly. The in operando and ex‐situ characterization provide a piece of direct evidence to clarify the storage mechanism of such conversion‐alloying type negative electrode materials.
Exploring Spin‐Orbit Effects in a [Cu6Tl]+ Nanocluster Featuring an Uncommon Tl−H Interaction
Authors: Hertler Phoebe R. , Yu Xiaojuan , Brower Jordan D. , Nguyen Thuy‐Ai D. , Wu Guang , Autschbach Jochen , Hayton Trevor W.
Published: February 2024

Reaction of [CuH(PPh3)]6 with 1 equiv. of Tl(OTf) results in formation of [Cu6TlH6(PPh3)6][OTf] ([1]OTf]), which can be isolated in good yields. Variable‐temperature 1H NMR spectroscopy, in combination with density functional theory (DFT) calculations, confirms the presence of a rare Tl−H orbital interaction. According to DFT, the 1H chemical shift of the Tl‐adjacent hydride ligands of [1]+ includes 7.7 ppm of deshielding due to spin‐orbit effects from the heavy Tl atom. This study provides valuable new insights into a rare class of metal hydrides, given that [1][OTf] is only the third isolable species reported to contain a Tl−H interaction.
Identification of ß‐Glucocerebrosidase Activators for Glucosylceramide hydrolysis
Authors: Schulze Monika‐Sarah E. D. , Scholz Diana , Jnoff Eric , Hall Adrian , Melin Jonathan , Sands Zara A. , Rodriguez Elizabeth , Andre Veronique M.
Published: February 2024

Several novel chemical series were identified that modulate glucocerebrosidase (GCase). Compounds from these series are active on glucosylceramide, unlike other known GCase modulators. We obtained GCase crystal structures with two compounds that have distinct chemotypes. Positive allosteric modulators bind to a site on GCase and induce conformational changes, but also induce an equilibrium state between monomer and dimer.
Relationship between brightness perception and skin color influenced by experimental method
Authors: He Yuanyuan , Sato Hiromi , Phuangsuwan Chanprapha , Rattanakasamsuk Kitirochna , Mizokami Yoko
Published: February 2024

Facial brightness perception is affected by skin color. It was reported that reddish skin was matched with a higher lightness scale stimulus than yellowish skin among Japanese observers. However, this trend is inconsistent among Thai, Korean, Chinese, and European observers, implying the influence factors, such as ethnicity, environment, and judgment criteria. In this study, we investigated the influence of the experimental method on facial brightness perception using test stimulus images with constant lightness and different hue angles. We examined two instructions (“Appearance match” vs. “Brightness match”) and the scale stimulus for matching (a uniform color patch vs. a face image). We further conducted an impression evaluation experiment of the whole face. The matching results from the Japanese showed a similar trend in both instructions and scale stimuli under most conditions, suggesting that matched brightness is not influenced by instruction and the complexity of scale stimuli. The impression evaluation results were similar for Thai, Japanese, and Chinese observers, with reddish faces being evaluated with higher scores in brightness. Our findings suggest the influence of experimental methods on facial brightness judgment. The holistic judgment of facial brightness would be universal among different East Asian groups, at least for the range of variation in skin color we used.