bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Determination of Lead Level in Pasteurized Milk and Dairy Products Consumed In Tehran and Evaluation of Associated Health Risk
Authors: Sharifi Shahnaz , Sohrabvandi Sara , Mofid Vahid , Khanniri Elham , Khorshidian Nasim , Esmaeili Saeideh , Shadnoush Mahdi , Hadizadeh Mohammad , Mortazavian Amir Mohammad
Published: October 2021

Background: Milk and dairy products are the main sources of essential nutrients particularly for children. However, milk and dairy products can be contaminated with chemical hazards and contaminants which pose serious health risks for consumers. These toxic compounds are entered into the food chain through contaminated soil, water, and air and their presence even at low levels would result in metabolic disorders. Objectives: The aim of this study was to determine the level of lead in pasteurized milk and different dairy products in high-consumed brands in Tehran. Methods: A total of 38 samples (18 pasteurized milk and 20 dairy products from the most-consumed brands) were analyzed using graphite furnace atomic absorption spectroscopy for quantification of lead level. Hazard quotient (HQ) and carcinogenic risk (CR) were used to assess health risk and carcinogenic risk. Results: The results showed that the levels of lead in all pasteurized milk samples and dairy products were below the allowable limit. HQ was less than 1 in all samples and CR was in the range of 10-8 to 10-7 and both were at acceptable levels. Conclusions: It can be concluded that there was no risk of carcinogenicity in pasteurized milk samples and dairy products for children and adults. However, due to the higher consumption of milk by children and their greater susceptibility, the level of heavy metals should be monitored by health agencies.
Clinical Outcomes of Intra-arterial Chemoradiotherapy and Neoadjuvant Chemoradiotherapy Followed by Surgery for Maxillary Sinus Squamous Cell Carcinoma
Authors: Yunaiyama Daisuke , Tsukahara Kiyoaki , Okubo Mitsuro , Saito Kazuhiro
Published: October 2021

Background: Although intra-arterial chemoradiotherapy (CRT) followed by surgery has been the standard of care for patients with advanced maxillary sinus squamous cell carcinoma (MSSCC), concurrent intra-arterial chemotherapy and high-dose radiotherapy without surgery has emerged as a promising alternative. Objectives: This study aimed to evaluate the ability of intra-arterial CRT alone to increase the overall survival (OS) of patients with MSSCC. Patients and Methods: Forty patients with histologically confirmed MSSCC, who were treated at Tokyo Medical University Hospital (Tokyo, Japan) between February 1999 and June 2015, were enrolled in this study. Twenty-seven patients were treated with intra-arterial CRT (median dose of 60 Gy) without surgery (CRT group), whereas 13 patients were treated with neoadjuvant intra-arterial CRT (median dose of 40 Gy), followed by surgery (S group). The association of OS with age, performance status, T factor (mean tumor size according to the tumor-node-metastasis [TNM] grading system), N factor (mean lymph node involvement according to the TNM grading system), and treatment method was assessed. Results: The median follow-up duration was 36.0 months. There were no significant differences regarding the patients’ characteristics between the two groups. The treatment method was the only significant prognostic factor for OS. The five-year OS rates were 92% and 55% in the CRT and S groups, respectively (P = 0.01). Conclusion: The intra-arterial CRT (60 Gy) without surgery yielded improved survival outcomes in patients with advanced MSSCC as compared to the neoadjuvant intra-arterial CRT (40 Gy) followed by surgery.
Cyber Security: Lessons Learned From Cyber-Attacks on Hospitals in the COVID-19 Pandemic
Authors: Kolouch Jan , Zahradnický Tomáš , Kučínský Adam
Published: October 2021

The article deals with the issue of cyber security, specifically the security of medical facilities. The introduction summarizes and briefly analyzes the cyber attacks demonstrated on Czech health care facilities in the period from 12/2019 to 1/2021, together with the procedures adopted by the responsible authorities. The article also newly presents the current regulatory requirements for cyber security of hospitals. In the context of past attacks and based on analyzes of attacks, current legislation and events, the article will provide an opinion on whether the requirements for cyber security of hospitals are set sufficiently or whether this area should be revised. At the same time, measures will be recommended to strengthen the cyber security of hospitals.
Desconstrução e Retomação
Authors: Blanc Mafalda ,   Philosophy Documentation Center
Published: October 2021

Depois de situar o programa heideggeriano de desconstrução no contexto da sua fenomenologia hermenêutica e sublinhar a sua intenção positiva de purificação/desobstrução da tradição por contraste com o exercício destrutivo da mesma por parte de Derrida, o presente artigo atenta na sua intenção positiva e que é a de efectuar uma apropriação criadora da verdade da tradição tendo em vista a refundação do pensar e um novo início da história.
Sobre o Estético em Kierkegaard
Authors: de Sousa Elisabete M. ,   Philosophy Documentation Center
Published: October 2021

This article describes the state of the art of the issue of the aesthetic in the work and thought of Søren Kierkegaard. It does not aim at being an exhaustive analysis of the reception of the aesthetic. Instead, it is conceived in order to show the main misunderstandings that have sentenced the idea of the aesthetic to secondary roles in face of the ethical and the religious. In addition, it presents an update of a sample of the most recent works which already take the aesthetic as a key category, and it draws attention to what still lies ahead to be done, namely to study the philosophical and theoretical sources that inspired Kierkegaard in order to be able to define the philosophical role of the aesthetic, in particular its pivotal role in the Kierkegaard’s existential philosophy.
Tragische Dispositionen der Moderne. Stimmung und Aura im Wandel des Landschaftsbegriffs
Authors: Hennrich Dirk Michael ,   Philosophy Documentation Center
Published: October 2021

The present text deals with the relation between the consolidation and the development of landscape-painting and the concept of landscape during the 19th century and the catabasis of a certain economy of disposition until our days. The process of the transformation and overcoming of landscape-painting reflects the decadence of an entire epoch, influencing the introduction of the dispositions into philosophy, as well the initiation of a new philosophical discipline, the Philosophy of Landscape.
O Trágico na Filosofia do Amor de Georg Simmel
Authors: Lopes Vera Serra ,   Philosophy Documentation Center
Published: October 2021

In this article, we’ll briefly present Simmels Philosophy of Love, based on three texts: On Love (A Fragment), Eros platonic and modern and Fragments and Aphorisms, texts published in 1921/1922. In the final part of the article we will analyze the idea of the tragic in the philosophy of love. In love, as in other movements of the spirit, there is a trend to erase individuality, but love arises only when aroused by it. Modern love is fundamentally individual, and simultaneously it cannot accept the insuperable character of this precise individuality.
‘Scale Relative Ontology’ and Scientism
Authors: Boulting Noel ,   Philosophy Documentation Center
Published: October 2021

Ladyman and Ross’s Every Thing Must Go is a challenging text. In order to ascertain its significance, attention will be focused on their idea of Scale Relative Ontology. To do this their conception of Ontic Structural Realism will require elucidation. Its implications for Scale Relative Ontology will be explored before considering the way Scale Relative Ontology can be cast through three possible dimensions: the cosmological, the ordinary middle-sized, and scientific perspectives. In exploring the latter perspective, and applying insights derived from Peirce’s philosophy, their defence of Scientism will then be considered. In this way three different senses can be distinguished through which this doctrine can be presented, before examining what kind of Scientism they advocate and thereby its adequacy.
The Concept of Nature – From Pre-Socratic Physis to the Natural Κόσμοσ of the Timaeus
Authors: Röck Tina ,   Philosophy Documentation Center
Published: October 2021

It is a puzzling fact that the Greek term for Nature ‘physis’ could be used to refer to (inter alia) i) reality as a whole, ii) the nature (essence) of something, iii) to individual material beings or materiality and iv) all things that are self-generating. In order to understand and tie together this wide array of possible meanings, I will consider the thesis that ‘physis’ was in fact used as a concept of being, a term naming the fundamental property of all of reality in the early pre-Socratics, poets and scientists before 500 BCE. Investigating ‘physis’ in this way can give us a way of thinking about Nature as a dynamic and creative but material process that goes far beyond the classical understanding of Nature as the sum of things that self-generate or the modern mathematical understanding of Nature born with Galileo, dominant to this day.
A Natureza na Filosofia da Tecnologia de Albert Borgmann
Authors: Carvalho Tiago Mesquita ,   Philosophy Documentation Center
Published: October 2021

In this paper we intend to evaluate the role that nature has in the philosophy of technology of Albert Borgmann. According to the author, contemporary life has been taken by the device paradigm; technology follows a pattern that transforms the rich dimensions of things into devices; these are composed of commodities, easily available and without demanding any effort, and mechanisms, hiding the ways how natural resources are used. This pattern does not make explicit the promoted notion of the good life. The experience of nature shows how something that escapes the device paradigm can endure and flourish beyond our utilitarian purposes; its eloquence can thus take us to propose a reform of technology through the notion of a center; however, this center demands to be cultivated through focal things and practices in order to turn in to a structuring habit of our lives.
Práticas digitais, sexualidade e educação numa escola pública de ensino fundamental
Authors: Silveira Guilherme Carvalho Franco da
Published: October 2021

O presente artigo se inspirou na seguinte questão: quais são as práticas digitais relacionadas à sexualidade de adolescentes de 12 a 15 anos de idade, do ensino fundamental? O objetivo foi compreender os usos, os sentidos e as relações sociais que emergem de práticas relacionadas à sexualidade mediadas pelas mídias digitais de adolescentes de uma escola pública de ensino fundamental de tempo integral. A partir de uma pesquisa de campo de caráter etnográfico, percebeu-se que os/as adolescentes acessam e compartilham, intencionalmente ou não, uma grande quantidade de conteúdo relativo à sexualidade. São discutidas as formas de acesso, as consequências e os conflitos relacionados a tais práticas, além de reflexões sobre tipos de mediação que escola e famílias têm utilizado para lidar com essa questão.
A construção dos relatórios dos estágios supervisionados nas licenciaturas: indagações e desafios da experiência docente-discente
Authors: Araújo Osmar Hélio Alves , Fortunato Ivan
Published: October 2021

Neste artigo, buscou-se discutir a construção dos relatórios dos estágios supervisionados nos cursos de licenciatura a partir de quatro indagações e desafios postos aos docentes-discentes no contexto dos estágios. A primeira indagação proposta busca justamente investigar os motivos para se registrar a experiência de estágios. Em seguida, buscou-se compreender como a construção desses relatórios pode colaborar para que licenciandos se inscrevam na docência. Na terceira indagação, tomou-se como ponto de partida o entendimento de que a construção dos relatórios exige criatividade, materiais e estratégias diversas, bem como um arsenal teórico-epistemológico construído e (re)elaborado ao longo do curso de licenciatura. Por fim, a quarta indagação diz respeito a uma necessária articulação fundante entre ensino e investigação no contexto dos estágios supervisionados e a construção dos relatórios. Ao final, espera-se suscitar uma interlocução crítica e contributiva para a construção de uma relação muito mais íntima entre a elaboração dos relatórios de estágio supervisionado e a formação dos licenciandos pela integração entre docência, pesquisa e reflexão.
Breaking the Cycle of Trauma – Koori Parenting, What Works for Us
Authors: Gee Graham , Lesniowska Raelene , Santhanam-Martin Radhika , Chamberlain Catherine
Published: October 2021

Objective:To develop an understanding of parenting strategies used by Aboriginal Australian parents impacted by colonisation and other forms of adversity to break cycles of trauma within families.

Design:“Yarning circles” involving qualitative interviews with six Aboriginal parents were conducted. Parents who identified as having experienced childhood histories of trauma and historical loss were asked about parenting strategies that helped them to break cycles of intergenerational trauma. Interviews were transcribed and independently coded by Aboriginal and non-Aboriginal psychologists who worked for an Aboriginal Community Controlled Health Organisation.

Results:Parents identified over 100 strategies associated with parenting and breaking cycles of trauma. Some strategies aligned well with research on the protective effects of safe, stable, nurturing relationships. Other strategies focused upon domains of culture, community, and history, and addressed issues such as family violence, colonisation, and the intergenerational links between trauma and parenting. The strategies were collated into a community resource that could be used by other Aboriginal parents.

Conclusion:Parental histories of colonisation and interpersonal and intergenerational trauma can have a significant impact on kinship networks and community environments that Aboriginal parenting practices are embedded within. Parents who identified with having managed to break cycles of trauma reported using a wide range of successful parenting strategies. These strategies serve a diversity of functions, such as parenting approaches that aim to directly influence children’s behaviour and foster wellbeing, manage family and community conflict, and manage parental histories of trauma and trauma responses in ways that mitigate the impact on their children.
Early Childhood Education Training in Nunavut: Insights from the Inunnguiniq (“Making of a Human Being”) Pilot Project
Authors: Mearns Ceporah , Healey Akearok Gwen , Cherba Maria , Nevin Lauren
Published: October 2021

In the past two decades, evidence has shown that quality early childhood education (ECE) has lasting positive impacts, enhances wellbeing in many domains, and contributes to reducing economic and health inequalities. In Canada, complex colonial history has affected Indigenous peoples’ child-rearing techniques, and there is a need to support community-owned programs and revitalize traditional values and practices. While several studies have described Indigenous approaches to childrearing, there is a lack of publications outlining the core content of preschool staff training and exploring Indigenous early childhood pedagogy. This article contributes to the literature by highlighting the features of a highly effective training model rooted in Inuit values that has been implemented in Nunavut. After describing how early childhood education is organized in Nunavut, we outline the challenges related to staff training and present the development and the pilot implementation of an evidence-based training program. We then discuss its successes and challenges and formulate suggestions for professionals and policymakers to enhance early childhood educators’ training in the territory.
L’alexandrin dans la tragédie humaniste en France au XVIe siècle : un choix
politique
Authors: Denoyer Brice
Published: October 2021

L’alexandrin est indissolublement lié au succès du théâtre français classique. Le
caractère d’évidence qui semble les réunir n’a pourtant rien de naturel, et cette relation
s’inscrit en réalité dans une historicité où le politique a une part prépondérante. Nombre
de mystères demeurent lorsque l’on essaye d’expliquer pour quelle raison les dramaturges du
XVIe siècle ont favorisé ce vers alors peu usité, et réservé auparavant à des
usages très spécifiques – hormis durant une période où il fut à la mode, vers le
XIIIe siècle, pour le genre épique. Fortement lié à la traduction et à la
réappropriation de l’héritage théâtral antique, le choix de l’alexandrin a aussi une
indéniable portée politique : vers prestigieux d’abord, par sa rareté comme par ses usages,
il devient en outre associé, au cours du XVIe siècle, à la réinvention du modèle
de tragédie à l’antique. Du fait de son prestige, il devient facilement le vers par
excellence des personnages puissants, dont le statut social ne saurait être représenté sur
scène que dans une parole « altiloque », comme le dit Ronsard, dont l’alexandrin devient le
vecteur évident. Les auteurs ne cesseront, au fur et à mesure que le siècle se déroule, de
jouer des parallélismes qui peuvent exister entre les discours expressément politiques et
les tragédies (en témoignent par exemple les liens poétiques et politiques reliant chez
Garnier l’Hymne à la monarchie et plusieurs de ses pièces) : là encore, ils se
réapproprient les exigences de la rhétorique antique, sans ignorer que de telles exigences
valent pour une parole publique dont la portée politique n’est pas à mésestimer. Dès lors,
l’utilisation de plus en plus constante de l’alexandrin comme vers du dialogue
tragique devient une métaphore parfaite de la complexité de la chose politique, mise en
scène alors comme une somme fragmentaire de discours antithétiques, faisant du politique un
objet de représentations (dans tous les sens du terme) et de débats.
Argumentative Voice in English Eighteenth-Century Translations of Jean-Jacques Rousseau’s Du contrat social (1762)
Authors: Jooken Lieve
Published: October 2021

This study compares two contemporary English translations of one of Jean-Jacques Rousseau’s major works on the nature of society and the institution of political sovereignty,Ducontrat social; ou principes du droit politique(1762). The case study intends to elucidate the extent and nature of translators’ interpretative discursive presence in their rendering of philosophical discourse. The analysis considers a selection of excerpts in source and target texts and traces instances of the implicit argumentative mediation of the translator, which mainly surfaces in the addition of rhetorical emphasis (amplificatio) and the explicit expression of implied meaning, but also in the alteration of denotation and down toning or omission of arguments (brevitas). The discussion reveals that both the 1764 and 1791 translations of theSocial Contractprimarily render the author’s arguments in a more emphatic and explicit tenor, which indicates the translators’ “associative attitude” (Hermans, 2010) to the discourse represented. The 1791, “revolutionary” rendering ofDu contrat socialmoreover shifts the meaning of the proposition in places by introducing a clearer connotation of despotism in references to royal power.
Lutter contre la Révolution. Péritexte et voix du traducteur dans le Mercurio britannico (1798-1800)
Authors: Piselli Francesca , Lupi Regina
Published: October 2021

La note allographe infrapaginale est un élément stratégique de l’appareil péritextuel et un seuil où le traducteur et/ou l’éditeur font entendre leur voix. Cet article s’intéresse aux notes de bas de page ajoutées par le traducteur dans leMercurio britannico, version italienne du périodiqueMercure britannique, publié à Londres de 1798 à 1800, qui joua un rôle remarquable dans la circulation des idées contre-révolutionnaires. Nous nous demandons quelles sont les fonctions assumées par la voix du traducteur et si ses notes infrapaginales seraient un indice révélateur de sa volonté d’« agir politique ». Pour répondre à ce questionnement, nous nous penchons d’abord sur le projet éditorial et les enjeux politiques duMercurio britannico.Nous présentons ensuite une typologie de quatre fonctions remplies par les notes de bas de page en nous appuyant sur de nombreux exemples. L’accent est mis sur les multiples fonctions de cet espace liminaire et, plus généralement, sur les dynamiques qui se tissent entre traduction et circulation des idées politiques. Enfin, dans la conclusion, nous revenons sur les résultats de notre analyse et des pistes de réflexion sont proposées.
La poésie comme une « image ». Emplois et valeurs du mot dans le discours critique des poètes français
Authors: Chol Isabelle , Reverseau Anne
Published: October 2021

Si les réflexions sur l’image ne sont pas nouvelles, qu’elles s’inscrivent dans le champ de la rhétorique, de l’esthétique, mais aussi de la physiologie et de la psychologie qui se sont développées au xixe siècle, le mot est particulièrement fréquent dans le premier tiers du xxe siècle, marqué par le symbolisme finissant, l’esprit nouveau et les premières avant-gardes. Il prend place au sein de discours qui tentent de réévaluer les « moyens » de la création poétique et, plus largement, d’en définir les contours, notamment au regard des arts visuels. Cet article se propose d’étudier les valeurs et les enjeux du mot « image » dans le discours critique des poètes français, afin d’observer pourquoi et comment différents types d’images sont convoquées comme modèles dans la poésie française de l’entre-deux-guerres. Il s’agira alors d’analyser les glissements entre les valeurs du mot « image », cette dernière étant apte à désigner, dans sa polysémie, les arts visuels et la poésie, et s’avérant, dans ce dernier champ, un moyen spécifique autant qu’une dynamique globale du poème et de la création poétique, alors entendue au-delà de ses frontières linguistiques.
The transcription factor Xrp1 is required for PERK-mediated antioxidant gene induction in Drosophila
Authors: Brown Brian , Mitra Sahana , Roach Finnegan D , Vasudevan Deepika , Ryoo Hyung Don
Published: October 2021

PERK is an endoplasmic reticulum (ER) transmembrane sensor that phosphorylates eIF2α to initiate the Unfolded Protein Response (UPR). eIF2α phosphorylation promotes stress-responsive gene expression most notably through the transcription factor ATF4 that contains a regulatory 5’ leader. Possible PERK effectors other than ATF4 remain poorly understood. Here, we report that the bZIP transcription factor Xrp1 is required for ATF4-independent PERK signaling. Cell-type-specific gene expression profiling in Drosophila indicated that delta-family glutathione-S-transferases (gstD) are prominently induced by the UPR-activating transgene Rh1G69D. Perk was necessary and sufficient for such gstD induction, but ATF4 was not required. Instead, Perk and other regulators of eIF2α phosphorylation regulated Xrp1 protein levels to induce gstDs. The Xrp1 5’ leader has a conserved upstream Open Reading Frame (uORF) analogous to those that regulate ATF4 translation. The gstD-GFP reporter induction required putative Xrp1 binding sites. These results indicate that antioxidant genes are highly induced by a previously unrecognized UPR signaling axis consisting of PERK and Xrp1.
Elemental analysis by Metallobalance provides a complementary support layer over existing blood biochemistry panel-based cancer risk assessment
Authors: Kusakabe Miho , Sato Masahiro , Nakamura Yohko , Mikami Haruo , Lin Jason , Nagase Hiroki
Published: October 2021

Despite the benefit of early cancer screening, Japan has one of the lowest cancer screening rates among developed countries, possibly due to there being a lack of “a good test” that can provide sufficient levels of test sensitivity and accuracy without a large price tag. As a number of essential and trace elements have been intimately connected to the oncogenesis of cancer, Metallobalance, a recent development in elemental analysis utilizing the technique of inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry has been developed and tested as a robust method for arrayed cancer risk screening. We have conducted case-control epidemiological studies in the prefecture of Chiba, in the Greater Tokyo Area, and sought to determine both Metallobalance screening’s effectiveness for predicting pan-cancer outcomes, and whether the method is capable enough to replace the more conventional antigen-based testing methods. Results suggest that MB screening provides some means of classification potential among cancer and non-cancer cases, and may work well as a complementary method to traditional antigen-based tumor marker testing, even in situations where tumor markers alone cannot discernibly identify cancer from non-cancer cases.
Access to Mental Health Supports and Services: Perspectives of Young Women Living in Rural Nova Scotia (Canada)
Authors: Mathias Holly , Jackson Lois , Hughes Jean , Asbridge Mark
Published: October 2021

There is limited literature on youths’ experiences of accessing mental health supports and services in rural Canada. Through interviews with young women, this research explored barriers and facilitators to accessing mental health services and supports in rural Nova Scotia. Participants shared numerous barriers at the family, school, and community levels, including stigma from family, lack of knowledge of school supports, and limited community service options. Facilitators also existed at these three levels, including supportive parents, school-based service availability, and supportive community members. Increased investment in school-based services may improve access; however, an understanding of young men’s experiences is needed first.
Modified Class of Estimator for Finite Population Mean Under Two-Phase Sampling Using Regression Estimation Approach
Authors: Erinola A. Y. , Singh R. V. K. , Audu A. , James T.
Published: October 2021

This study proposed modified a class of estimator in simple random sampling for the estimation of population mean of the study variable using as axillary information. The biases and MSE of suggested estimators were derived up to the first order approximation using Taylor’s series expansion approach. Theoretically, the suggested estimators were compared with the existing estimators in the literature. The mean square errors (MSE) and percentage relative efficiency (PRE) of proposed estimators and that of some existing estimators were computed numerically and the results revealed that the members of the proposed class of estimator were more efficient compared to their counterparts and can produce better estimates than other estimators considered in the study.
Validation of Drought Tolerance Gene-linked Microsatellite Markers and Their Efficiency for Diversity Assessment in a Set of Soybean Genotypes
Authors: Mishra Nishi , Tripathi M. K. , Tripathi Niraj , Tiwari Sushma , Gupta Neha , Sharma Akash
Published: October 2021

Aim: Soybean is well-thought-out to be a major crop owing to its significant involvement as vegetable oil and protein in human diet. However, inopportunely, its production has been melodramatically declined attributable to the commonness of drought related stress.

Study Design: During the present study a total of 53 soybean genotypes were selected. For molecular diversity analysis as well as validation total 12 SSR markers were used. Molecular screening of soybean genotypes was done to determine the efficiency of available markers in genetic diversity analysis as well as their validation on the basis of their association with drought tolerance gene.

Place and Duration of the Study: The present study was conducted at Department of Plant Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, College of Agriculture, Gwalior, Rajmata Vijayaraje Scindia Krishi Vishwa Vidyalaya, Gwalior, M.P., India during the year 2018 - 2019.

Methodology: Template DNA of all 53 selected soybean genotypes extracted for molecular screening. The current investigation has been accomplished to validate the available SSR markers with their efficiency in genetic diversity analysis in a set of soybean genotypes.

Results: Among applied drought tolerance gene-linked 12 SSR molecular markers, the highest genetic diversity (0.6629) was noticed in Satt520 while lowest (0.0370) was in Satt557 with an average of 0. 3746.While, the highest PIC value was 0.5887 prearranged by Satt520 and lowest 0.0363 by Satt557 with the mean worth of 0.3063.

Conclusion: Dendrogram constructed on the basis of banding profile of employed markers was able to discriminate some putative drought tolerant genotypes i.e., JS97-52, JS95-60 from rest of the genotypes. The results of the present examination may donate towards enhancement of soybean genotypes to bread drought tolerant varieties.
Performance Evaluation of DSSAT CERES Wheat Model under Different Thermal and Irrigation Regimes at Prayagraj
Authors: Prasanna Aggile Lakshmi , Rawat Shradhha , Gautam Shweta
Published: October 2021

The present study was planned to determine the phenology and heat unit requirement of promising wheat varieties under different crop growing environment of Prayagraj, India.  Delay in sowing of wheat results into reduction in the grain yield as the crop exposes to high temperature at phenological stages. A field experiment on wheat (variety PBW-502) was conducted at the farm nursery, College of Forestry, SHUATS, Prayagraj during rabi seasons of 2018-19 and 2019-20. The experiment was conducted in factorial randomized block design and replicated thrice with three dates of sowing and five irrigation levels. The yield attributes (grain and biological yield) were significantly influenced by sowing dates and irrigation levels. The significantly highest grain and biological yield were recorded in crop sown on 15th November as compared to other dates of sowing. Among different irrigation levels, grain and biological yield were significantly more in I5 (CRI+ tillering + jointing + anthesis + maturity) treatment over the other irrigation levels. DSSAT CERES-Wheat model suggests good model performance at optimum irrigation at Prayagraj under stress condition.
Indicator-Based Assessment of Drought in Bhilwara District, Rajasthan
Authors: Sharma Gaurav , Kishor Kumar Chandra , Pathak Rishi
Published: October 2021

Management of water resources helps to sustain even in drastic conditions resulted due to unprecedented disruption in rainfall patterns. Change and irregularity in the pattern of the Indian monsoon are the outcomes of human-induced activities. Inadequate water availability affecting various sectors namely domestic, industrial, and agricultural sectors that are dependent upon it. To cope under such drastic conditions adaptability and planning prior to its occurrence plays a significant role. It is under this context, the present study investigated drought characteristics which include drought frequency and severity caused by prolonged dry spells in Bhilwara district, Rajasthan. The district falls in the water-scarce regions with arid to semi-arid conditions and with an average annual rainfall of 658.03 mm. Due to high rainfall variability, the region is frequently subsumed under drought-like conditions. Comprehensive analysis using daily rainfall data from 1973-2018 for 12 rain gauge stations in Bhilwara district has been carried out. Most of the stations were drought-prone assessed by probability analysis using Weibull’s plotting position formula. The departure analysis showed that Kotri station has a maximum drought frequency of 1 in 2 years while other stations were having a drought frequency of 1 in 3 to 4 years. Prioritization of drought-prone stations based on rainfall departure analysis helps to initiate an immediate mitigation process based on the ranking of its proneness. Asind and Bhilwara station with RDI 0.91 has maximum proneness and its calls for effective planning for drought management. Based on seasonal departure analysis it is found that 1980, 1981, 1985, 1987, 2000, 2002, 2008, 2015, and 2017 are drought years. The result has been supplemented using NDVI so that the vegetation condition can also be assessed during water stress conditions. The study highlighted that the frequency of drought has increased owing due to climate change and thus, poses serious challenges if not tackle adequately.
Mariculture in Southern Central Region, Vietnam: Status and Orientation Toward Sustainable Development
Authors: Minh-Thu Phan , Minh Sang Huynh , Thai An Hua
Published: October 2021

The development of aquaculture, especially in mariculture, contributes to satisfy the increasing demand for aquatic food, but it also faces serious socio-economic and environmental issues. This is also consistent with aquaculture in the Southern Central Region (SCR), Vietnam. The paper conducted to evaluate the mariculture status and activities by questionnaire interviews of 255 mariculture stakeholders (cages/rafts owners) and their challenges by in-depth interviews of 16 aquaculture managing officers at eight provinces in SCR, 2018-2019. The results showed an assessment of the current status of mariculture, SWOT (strengths, weaknesses, opportunities, and threats) analysis, and orientation strategies of mariculture development. For a long time, the aquaculture area has not varied considerably, and mainly distributed in inland, coastal and off-coastal waters, almost it is not implemented in the open sea yet. Mariculture was also challenged by various concerned issues: various types of mariculture and species, small scale, outdated traditional technology, and labor force with fair practices in mariculture. Almost them are made the challenge for aquaculture expansion and implementation in open seas. Moreover, capital sources and credit access of stakeholders, and enterprise's investment are key factors to develop offshore mariculture. Based on the results of SWOT analysis, five strategies are proposed for sustainable development of mariculture in the SCR, as well as to meet the objectives of Vietnam's mariculture strategy. It is noted that when developing mariculture on an industrial scale to increase commercial products, the small- and medium-scale ones are vulnerable, so expansion and development of mariculture should be combined with the creation of job opportunities, reduction of poverty alleviation and economic growth and sustainability.
Antioxidant Property and Oral Glucose Tolerance of Stem Extract of Andrographis paniculata – Nees
Authors: Awoyinka E. O. , Ogundare A. O. , Adebolu T. T. , Isaac Adeloye Adedeji
Published: October 2021

This research aims to investigate the antioxidant property and oral glucose tolerance of stem extract of Andrographis paniculata using standard methods. The antioxidant activity of the extracts were assessed using total phenol, total flavonoid, ABTS (2,2'-azino-bis (3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid)), nitric oxide, GSH (gluthatione), super oxide, DPPH [1,1-di-phenyl-2-picryl hydrazyl] and ascorbic acid.  The oral glucose tolerance of methanol stem extract of A. paniculata was carried out using wistar albino rats. The Wistar albino rats were divided into six groups consisting of five rats each.  Group 1 was given water only, group two to group five were induced with 2g/kg of glucose. After 30 minutes, group 3 and 4 were treated with the doses of 15 mg/kg and 30 mg/kg of the extract while group 5 was treated with glibenclamide respectively. The blood glucose level of each group was monitored for 2hours at 30 minutes interval and compared with the control that was given water only. The result shows that the extracts were able to scavenge free radicals but methanol stem extract of A. paniculata performed better in scavenging free radicals as compared to others. The blood sugar levels of the rats treated with doses of 15 and 30 mg/kg of methanol stem extract of A. paniculata were significantly lower than the group of rats that were fed with only glucose and the group of rats treated with glibenclamide. The glucose-lowering efficiency of the extract was between 60-120 minutes. Findings from this present study revealed that A. paniculata is a potential plant that can scavenge free radicals and also possess hypoglycemic activity.
Recent Advances in Drugs and Vaccines for COVID-19
Authors: Tang Meiqin , Yao Xinhuang , Tian Faqing , Jiang Man , Yang Jianshe
Published: October 2021

Several potential COVID-19 therapeutic approaches and SARS-CoV-2 vaccines have been investigated, and final clinical reports are gradually becoming available. In this mini-review, we discussed the history of selected potential therapeutic drugs and newly designed vaccines, as well as other approaches for the COVID-19 treatment, and made a primary evaluation of their clinical effects. Finally, according to the nature of coronavirus we posed a promising design to against the SARS-CoV-2 by the chemi-physical methods through carbon nano-materials modification.
Issues of Animal Welfare Regulations on Pharmacy Education and Research in India
Authors: Girme Anuradha , Pawar Anil
Published: October 2021

Biomedical research is essential to the health and well-being of our society. Animal use for biomedical research has a long history and is routinely performed in new drug discovery and development processes. Animal experiments are an integral part of the curriculum for students in the life sciences, including pharmacy, to learn how to conduct animal experiments. These experiments may cause pain and distress to the animals. Laws and regulations have been enacted to make it illegal to cause undue pain or suffering to animals. These guidelines provide that due and full consideration should be given to alternative technologies not involving animal testing. Despite the movement to minimize animal use in research, pieces of evidence show that there has been a continuous increase in the worldwide use of laboratory animals over 10 years, from 115.2 animals to 192.1 million. The lack of suitable animal-alternative technologies and unavailability of required infrastructures are some of the reasons for animal use. As per directives of the University Grant Commission, the Pharmacy Council of India has decided to prohibit animal experimentation in pharmacy education. This adversely affected teaching and research activities in pharmacy institutions. As a result, the number of seats available for the postgraduate course (Master of Pharmacy) in Pharmacology is decreasing every year. In 2021, the highest number of seats are available for Pharmaceutics (9510, 35%) followed by that for the Pharmacology (4620, 17%). This article mainly focuses on the background of Indian legislation for animal experimentation and the impact of these regulations on animal experiments for pharmacy education and research in India.
Fetal Outcomes of Abnormal Placental and Birth Weight Ratio
Authors: Aslam Uzma , Raishem . , Kashif Asma , Dahri Aisha , Khanam Azra , Iqbal Mahwish , Ali Aneela
Published: October 2021

Objective: To find out the fetal complications of abnormal placental and birth weight ratio.

Materials and methods: This is a cross sectional study conducted from January 2019 to January 2020 at department of Gyn/Obs PMCH Nawabshah. Total 110 patients who met the criteria were included in this study. After history, clinical examination and required radiological and biochemical investigations, participants were delivered and weight of placenta and bay was measured and ratio was recorded. Results were made and conclusion was drawn.

Results: Age difference was also seen in participants. Maternal age ranged from 18-35 years. 65(59%) patients ranged from 18 to 25 years. 30(27%) patients were of age between 26-30 years. 16(14%) aged from 31-35 years. Regarding fetal outcomes, Intra Uterine Growth Retardation (IUGR) was found to be among 30(27.27%), IUD in 3(2.72%), fetal distress in10 (9.09%), low APGAR in 7(6.36%), respiratory distress in 6(5.45%) and Cardio Vascular Diseases in 0% patients.

Conclusion: To sum up, it is concluded that in our study, the common fetal outcome due to abnormal Abnormal Placental And Birth Weight Ratio (PBWR) was intra uterine growth retardation (IUGR) followed by IUD, fetal distress and low APGAR.
Knowledge of Healthcare Professionals Regarding the Primary Management of Anaphylaxis in Madinah, Saudi Arabia
Authors: AlHaddad Nasser S. , Alshaeri Abdul Rahman A. , Faidh Athar A. , Alahmadi Yaser M. , Elbadawy Hossein M. , Aldhafiri Ahmed J.
Published: October 2021

Aim: To assess the knowledge, attitude and practice of healthcare professionals regarding the anaphylaxis in Medina, Saudi Arabia.

Settings and Design: This was a population-based epidemiological study using a survey composed of 20 questions about the causes, symptoms, and treatment of anaphylaxis.

Methods: This survey was distributed to healthcare professionals who represented different job categories including consultants, specialists, interns, residents, nurses, and medical students. 

Statistical Analysis Used: One-way ANOVA is used to compare the knowledge score across different job categories. SPSS V26 software was used for the analysis and a p value of <0.05 was considered significant.

Results: The mean of the correct answers for all participants was 60% and no difference in the mean scores was found in all participant from different job categories. The minimum achieved score was 30% and the maximum score was 100%. The score for the correct answers to each question was varied from 21% to 81%.

Conclusions: The shortage of knowledge among the healthcare professionals regarding anaphylaxis predicts the occurrence of undesirable outcomes for patients. Educating healthcare professionals regarding the management of anaphylaxis can improve the quality of healthcare services.
Work-related factors among people with diabetes and the risk of cardiovascular diseases: A systematic review
Authors: Saif-Ur-Rahman K M , Mamun Razib , Li Yuanying , Matsunaga Masaaki , Ota Atsuhiko , Yatsuya Hiroshi
Published: October 2021

Background

Diabetes is a major risk factor for cardiovascular diseases (CVD). This systematic review aims to explore the work-related factors among people with diabetes in developing CVD.

Methods

Four electronic databases were searched on 1 February 2021 using a comprehensive search strategy without any time restriction. Two independent researchers screened the articles and extracted data. The risk of bias was assessed independently using the risk of bias assessment tool for non-randomized studies (RoBANS). A narrative synthesis was conducted considering the heterogeneity of the included articles.

Results

A total of five articles incorporating 4 409 810 participants from three geographic regions were included that highlights the research gap. As per the included studies, Occupational drivers with diabetes were at a higher risk of CVD in comparison to the nondrivers, workers with diabetes having a long working hour were at a higher risk of CVD mortality, workers with a lower occupational status were at a higher risk of 10-years stroke risk, and occupational physical activity and occupational commuting lowered the risk of CVD deaths.

Conclusions

This systematic review summarized the available evidence on work-related factors influencing the risk of CVD in people with diabetes. The findings should be interpreted cautiously pondering the limited evidence and imprecision. We identified only five articles related to the topic, and there were no studies from Japan. The scarcity of studies on work-related factors on the prognosis of diabetic patients implies the need for more research in this field. We recommend further exploration of the topic designing primary studies.
Dosimetric impact of simulated changes in large bowel content during proton therapy with simultaneous integrated boost for locally advanced pancreatic cancer
Authors: Narita Yuki , Kato Takahiro , Takemasa Kimihiro , Sato Hiroki , Ikeda Tomohiro , Harada Takaomi , Oyama Sho , Murakami Masao
Published: October 2021

Purpose

To investigate the dosimetric impact of changes in the large bowel content during proton therapy (PT) with simultaneous integrated boost (SIB) for locally advanced pancreatic cancer (LAPC).

Materials and methods

Fifteen patients with LAPC were included in this study. The SIB method was performed using five fields according to our standard protocol. A total dose of 67.5 Gy(relative biological effectiveness [RBE]) was prescribed in 25 fractions using the SIB method. A dose of 45 Gy(RBE) was prescribed for the entire planning target volume (PTV) by using four main fields. The remaining 22.5 Gy(RBE) was prescribed to the PTV excluding for the gastrointestinal tract using one subfield. Five simulated doses were obtained by the forward dose calculations with the Hounsfield units (HU) override to the large bowel to 50, 0, −100, −500, and −1000, respectively. The dose‐volume indices in each plan were compared using the 50 HU plan as a reference.

Results

At D98 of the clinical target volume (CTV) and spinal cord‐D2cc, when the density of the large bowel was close to that of gas, there were significant differences compared to the reference plan (p < 0.05). By contrast, no significant difference was observed in stomach‐D2cc duodenum‐D2cc, small bowel‐D2cc, kidneys‐V18, and liver‐Dmean under any of the conditions. There were no cases in which the dose constraint of organs at risk, specified by our institution, was exceeded.

Conclusion

Density change in the large bowel was revealed to significantly affect the doses of the CTV and spinal cord during PT with SIB for LAPC. For beam arrangement, it is important to select a gantry angle that prevents the large bowel from passing as much as possible. If this is unavoidable, it is important to carefully observe the gas image on the beam path during daily image guidance and to provide adaptive re‐planning as needed.
Initial Formation of the Skin Layer of PLGA Microparticles
Authors: Sharifi Farrokh , Otte Andrew , Park Kinam
Published: October 2021

Poly(lactide‐co‐glycolide) (PLGA) has been extensively used in making long‐acting injectable formulations. The critical factors affecting the PLGA formulation properties have been adjusted to control the drug release kinetics and obtain desirable properties of PLGA‐based drug delivery systems. The PLGA microparticle formation begins as soon as the drug/PLGA‐dissolved in the organic solvent phase (oil phase) is exposed to the water phase. The initial skin (or shell) formation on the oil droplets occurs very quickly, sometimes in the matter of milliseconds, and studying the process has been difficult. The skin formation on the PLGA emulsion droplet surface that can affect the subsequent hardening steps is examined. PLGA droplets with different compositions are prepared. Using collimated light and a high‐speed camera made it possible to detect the diffusion of acetonitrile from the oil phase into the water phase during the oil droplet formation. Although the skin formation is not visible on the surface of the oil phase droplet with the current setup, the droplet shapes, solid strand formation, and the difference in the spreading time suggest that the initial contact time between the oil and water phases in the range of a few seconds is critical to the properties of the skin.