bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Saints and Hagiography: The View from Constantinople
Authors: Rapp Claudia
Published: January 2017

Robert Bartlett's book is devoted to one question that, at first glance, is deceptively simple: Why Can the Dead do Such Great Things? The question, it turns out, requires an extensive answer in the course of just under 800 pages. They are supported by forty-four pages of bibliography of primary sources, which are quoted with preference in the relatively minimal footnotes (something the general readership will note with gratitude), and fifty-five pages that list the secondary literature (whose existence will gladden the hearts of the scholarly readers) that constitute the foundation of this scholarly edifice, although—very reasonably—only sparingly quoted.
Response
Authors: Bartlett Robert
Published: January 2017

I am very grateful to the three discussants, not only, of course, for having agreeable things to say about the book, but also for the way they have used their reflections on the subject to extend and develop it.
Galileo's Non-Trial (1616), Pre-Trial (1632–1633), and Trial (May 10, 1633): A Review of Procedure, Featuring Routine Violations of the Forum of Conscience
Authors: Kelly Henry Ansgar
Published: January 2017

This article examines Galileo's confrontations with the Holy Office of the Roman Inquisition in light of the rules and technicalities of inquisitorial procedure as set forth in theCorpus juris canonici, officially issued in 1582 under the auspices of Pope Gregory XIII. The primary decretal governing inquisition comes from the Fourth Lateran Council of 1215, which also established the regulations of sacramental confession and the seal of secrecy. Inquisition was intended for the prosecution of public crimes, but when it was adapted to pursuing heresy, the rights of suspects were regularly disregarded, and, rather than being charged with public crimes, they were forced to incriminate themselves, even on secret deeds and previously unuttered beliefs. When first summoned in 1616, Galileo was not questioned, but merely warned not to espouse heliocentrism. In 1632, Holy Office investigations resulted in a summons, and when he appeared in April 1633, he was interrogated without being charged. His formal trial took place on May 10, and his guilty plea of favoring heliocentrism without heretical intention triggered an automatic examination of his private beliefs under torture (in his case, threat of torture), a new procedure adopted by the Holy Office around the turn of the seventeenth century.
Is ultrasonography-guided drainage a safe and effective alternative to incision and drainage for deep neck space abscesses?
Authors: Dabirmoghaddam P , Mohseni A , Navvabi Z , Sharifi A , Bastaninezhad S , Safaei A
Published: January 2017

Background:

Deep neck space abscesses are common head and neck surgery emergencies. Traditionally, surgical incision and drainage has been the main treatment for deep neck abscesses. Recently, it has been suggested that ultrasound-guided drainage of neck abscesses can be an effective and less invasive alternative to incision and drainage.

Methods:

Patients with deep neck space abscesses referred to the emergency department of Amiralam Hospital were assessed and enrolled to the study if they met the inclusion criteria. Patients were randomly assigned to incision and drainage or ultrasound-guided drainage groups using sealed envelopes.

Results:

Sixty patients were evaluated, with 30 patients in each group. There was a significant difference (p < 0.001) in mean length of hospital stay between patients who underwent ultrasound-guided drainage (5.47 days) and those who underwent incision and drainage (9.70 days).

Conclusion:

Ultrasound-guided drainage is an effective and safe procedure, leading to shorter hospital stay, and thus may be a suitable alternative to incision and drainage of deep neck abscesses.
Clinical features and radiological evaluation of otic capsule sparing temporal bone fractures
Authors: Song S W , Jun B C , Kim H
Published: January 2017

Objective:

To evaluate the clinical and radiological aspects of otic capsule sparing temporal bone fractures.

Methods:

Using medical records, 188 temporal bones of 173 patients with otic capsule sparing temporal bone fractures were evaluated. Otoscopic findings and symptoms, facial paralysis, and hearing loss were assessed.

Results:

Using regional analysis, 7 fractures were classified as type I, 85 as type II, 169 as type III and 114 as type IV. Fourteen of the 17 facial paralysis cases improved to House–Brackmann grade II or lower at an average of 57.6 days after the initial evaluation. Thirty-one patients underwent initial and follow-up pure tone audiometry examinations. The air–bone gap closed significantly from 27.2 dB at an average of 21.8 days post-trauma to 19.6 dB at an average of 79.9 days post-trauma, without the need for surgical intervention.

Conclusion:

Initial conservative treatment for facial paralysis or conductive hearing loss is possible in otic capsule sparing fracture cases after careful evaluation of the patient.
The effect of local application of insulin-like growth factor for prevention of inner-ear damage caused by electrode trauma
Authors: Gur H , Alimoglu Y , Duzenli U , Korkmaz S , Inan S , Olgun L
Published: January 2017

Background:

Electrode insertion during cochlear implantation causes cochlear damage and apoptosis. Insulin-like growth factor applied locally was investigated in 21 rats.

Methods:

In the sham group, an intracochlear dummy electrode was inserted through the round window. In the control group, after the same insertion procedure, saline-soaked porcine skin gelatine was placed on the round window. In the study group, insulin-like growth factor 1 soaked gelatine was placed on the round window. Auditory brainstem response thresholds were measured and histopathological examination was performed.

Results:

In the study group, at 2–4 kHz, one rat had deterioration, one showed improvement and the rest had stable thresholds 14 days after intervention. At 6 kHz, four rats showed improvement and the rest remained stable. At 8 kHz, four showed improvement, one had deterioration and two remained stable. In the other groups, hearing loss deteriorated in about half of the rats and remained stable in the rest. The mean post-operative 6 kHz threshold was significantly lower than that immediately after the intervention in the study group, contrary to the other groups. The study group had significantly better mean histopathological grading than the other groups.

Conclusion:

Local insulin-like growth factor 1 application may protect hearing after cochlear implantation.
Effects of agmatine sulphate on facial nerve injuries
Authors: Surmelioglu O , Sencar L , Ozdemir S , Tarkan O , Dagkiran M , Surmelioglu N , Tuncer U , Polat S
Published: January 2017

Objective:

To evaluate the effect of agmatine sulphate on facial nerve regeneration after facial nerve injury using electron and light microscopy.

Methods:

The study was performed on 30 male Wistar albino rats split into: a control group, a sham-treated group, a study control group, an anastomosis group, and an anastomosis plus agmatine sulphate treatment group. The mandibular branch of the facial nerve was dissected, and a piece was removed for histological and electron microscopic examination.

Results:

Regeneration was better in the anastomosis group than in the study control group. However, the best regeneration findings were seen in the agmatine sulphate treatment group. There was a significant difference between the agmatine group and the others in terms of median axon numbers (p < 0.004) and diameters (p < 0.004).

Conclusion:

Agmatine sulphate treatment with anastomosis in traumatic facial paralysis may enhance nerve regeneration.
Village head elections in Java: Money politics and brokerage in the remaking of Indonesia's rural elite
Authors: Aspinall Edward , Rohman Noor
Published: January 2017

To explore how democratisation is transforming Indonesia's rural elite, we examine two village head elections in Central Java. Despite the competitiveness of these elections, the campaigning modes employed by candidates, especially vote buying, points to elite continuity, because only wealthy villagers can compete for office. Moreover, links with higher state officials remain important for village elites, allowing them to win political support by obtaining projects from local government. However, rather than being incorporated as subordinates in a bureaucratic hierarchy as during authoritarian rule, village elites are now true rural brokers, exercising considerable leverage in their relations with the state.
‘They're just who they've always been’: the intersections of dementia, community and selfhood in Scottish care homes
Authors: MULLAY STEVE , SCHOFIELD PAT , CLARKE AMANDA , PRIMROSE WILLIAM
Published: January 2017

Issues stemming from differences and similarities in cultural identities affect residents and workforces in care homes in Scotland, as they do across the United Kingdom. Theoretical guidance and policy drivers emphasise the importance of considering cultural diversity when planning or enacting person-centred care processes, regardless of where health or social care takes place. Nevertheless, there is a recognised worldwide dearth of research concerning the intersections of culture, dementia and long-term care. This being so, a recent research study found that inadequate understandings of issues stemming from cultural diversity could be seen to constrain person-centred care in some Scottish care homes. In addition, the study uncovered little-recognised socio-cultural phenomena which were observed to positively enhance person-centre care. This article will focus on that, and will lay out findings from the study which lead to the following broad assertion: there is a broad lack of understanding of the power, and potential utility, of shared identity and community as a bulwark against the erosion of personhood which is often associated with dementia. This article describes these findings in some detail, thereby providing fresh insights into how shared cultural identity, and the sense of community it may bring, bears upon the interactions between workers and residents with dementia in Scottish care homes. It then suggests how the school of ‘person-centred care’ may be developed through further research into these phenomena.
Meltwater as a source of potentially bioavailable iron to Antarctica waters
Authors: Monien Donata , Monien Patrick , Brünjes Robert , Widmer Tatjana , Kappenberg Arne , Silva Busso Adrian A. , Schnetger Bernhard , Brumsack Hans-Jürgen
Published: January 2017

Recent rapid retreat of glacial front lines and the loss of land ice along the Antarctic margins may play an important role in exporting suspended particulate matter (SPM) potentially rich in bioavailable (defined as ascorbate leachable) iron (FeA) to coastal areas of the Southern Ocean. Sediment ablation is an additional source of iron for this high-nutrient low-chlorophyll region. In Potter Cove, King George Island, meltwater streams discharge up to 18 000 mg l-1(average 283 mg l-1) of slightly weathered, finely ground bedrock particles into coastal waters during the summer. Approximately 15% of this SPM is exported within a low-salinity surface plume into Bransfield Strait. Based on our data, an estimated 12 mg m-2yr-1of FeAis exported from the South Shetland Island land surface (ice-free and subglacial areas) to the surrounding coastal waters. Extrapolated to an area of 2.5x104km2, this FeAinput is comparable to the contribution from icebergs andc.240-fold higher than aeolian input via dust. An observed rise in local sediment accumulation rates suggests that glacial erosion has been increasing over recent decades and that (sub-)glacially derived SPM is becoming more important as a source of iron to the Southern Ocean.
Population estimate of Trindade PetrelPterodroma arminjonianaby the use of Predictive Nest Habitat Modelling
Authors: KRÜGER LUCAS , PAIVA VITOR H. , PETRY MARIA VIRGINIA , MONTONE ROSALINDA C. , RAMOS JAIME A.
Published: January 2017

The Trindade PetrelPterodroma arminjonianais a vulnerable species that breeds on Trindade Island, 1,100 km away from the Brazilian coast, and on Round Island in the Indian Ocean. Recent population estimates for Trindade Island by nest counts in accessible areas, and extrapolated to the whole island provided a figure of 1,130 breeding pairs. Using topographic variables and Predictive Nest Habitat Modelling from known breeding sites, we estimated the potential area of nesting and estimated the size of the breeding population. Nests were associated with low to intermediate elevations in areas of steep slopes and high runoff, which limited the distribution of potential breeding sites to the edges of the Island. By extrapolating the density of nests in the known breeding sites to the overall potential breeding area, we estimated 1,228 nests. We discuss the potential implications of our findings in relation to the population status based on the scenario of intense habitat modification of the island over the few last centuries. This species may have suffered declines due to habitat alteration by human activities and introduction of exotic species. Furthermore, we generate an overview of potential areas for nesting and establish relationships with habitats that may be useful for the conservation of the Trindade Petrel, and restoration actions for Trindade Island in the future.
People with Alzheimer's disease and their spouse-caregivers: differences in perceptions of sexual satisfaction?
Authors: Dow Briony , Malta Sue
Published: January 2017

Older informal caregivers aged 65+ years account for 34% of all carers in the USA (Family Caregivers Alliance, 2016), 22% in England and Wales (Carers UK, 2015), and 24% in Australia (Deloitte Access Economics, 2015). For many older carers, this means looking after their spouse or intimate partner who in many cases has dementia (Donnellan et al., 2015). As the incidence of dementia increases, the need to understand the impact of caring on these intimate relationships becomes more vital, so the experiences of spousal caregivers can be anticipated, validated, and supported. It is also important to understand the gender differences in these care relationships, so that education and services can be tailored to meet the different needs of men and women caregivers. Sexual activity in later life is associated with both mental and physical health (Ganong and Larson, 2011; Anderson, 2013), and is therefore, important to maintain, perhaps even in the context of caring for someone with dementia.
Defining the Skills of Disaster Responders
Authors: Daily Elaine
Published: January 2017

DailyE. Defining the skills of disaster responders. Prehosp Disaster Med. 2017;32(2):231–232.
Neural correlates of grammatical inflection in older native and second-language speakers
Authors: PREHN KRISTIN , TAUD BENEDIKT , REIFEGERSTE JANA , CLAHSEN HARALD , FLÖEL AGNES
Published: January 2017

Speaking a late-acquired second language (L2) involves increased cognitive demands, as has been shown mainly in young and middle-aged adults. To investigate grammatical inflection in older L2 speakers, we acquired behavioral and functional magnetic resonance imaging data, while L1 and L2 speakers performed a grammaticality judgment task. L2 speakers showed higher error rates than native speakers, specifically when incorrect forms had to be rejected. Poorer performance in L2 speakers was accompanied by increased activity in the medial superior frontal gyrus (SFG), indicating the additional recruitment of executive control mechanisms. In addition, post-hoc within-group comparisons of behavioral and neural correlates provide evidence for dual-mechanism models in older adults, suggesting that language processing involves both procedural and declarative memory systems. Moreover, we demonstrated that speaking an L2 requires more executive control and relies to a lesser extent on the procedural memory system than speaking one's own native language.
Addressing urban crises: Bridging the humanitarian–development divide
Authors: Earle Lucy
Published: January 2017

The world is urbanizing rapidly. Demographic shifts are intersecting with the impacts of climate change, conflict and displacement. In many parts of the world, chronic stresses mean that large proportions of the urban population are already vulnerable. Rapid and poorly planned urbanization is not just an issue for governments and development specialists; humanitarian actors must also increase their understanding of and ability to operate within towns and cities at risk of crises. Their current approaches do not always adequately reflect and work with the reality of urban populations and the systems that support urban life. This means that humanitarian interventions may not contribute to sustainable urban development and the well-being of town and city dwellers in the longer term. This article argues that greater collaboration between humanitarian responders, municipal actors, development specialists and professional associations could lead to better outcomes for crisis-affected populations in both the short and long term.
Data Illuminate a Mountain of Molehills Facing Women Scientists
Authors: Rosen Julia
Published: January 2017

From the peer-review process to our very concept of what it means to be brilliant, studies show that women face subtle biases and structural barriers to success in the geosciences.
Inter-personal diversity and temporal dynamics of dental, tongue, and salivary microbiota in the healthy oral cavity
Authors: Hall Michael W. , Singh Natasha , Ng Kester F. , Lam David K. , Goldberg Michael B. , Tenenbaum Howard C. , Neufeld Josh D. , G. Beiko Robert , Senadheera Dilani B.
Published: January 2017

Oral microbes form a complex and dynamic biofilm community, which is subjected to daily host and environmental challenges. Dysbiosis of the oral biofilm is correlated with local and distal infections and postulating a baseline for the healthy core oral microbiota provides an opportunity to examine such shifts during the onset and recurrence of disease. Here we quantified the daily, weekly, and monthly variability of the oral microbiome by sequencing the largest oral microbiota time-series to date, covering multiple oral sites in ten healthy individuals. Temporal dynamics of salivary, dental, and tongue consortia were examined by high-throughput 16S rRNA gene sequencing over 90 days, with four individuals sampled additionally 1 year later. Distinct communities were observed between dental, tongue, and salivary samples, with high levels of similarity observed between the tongue and salivary communities. Twenty-six core OTUs that classified withinStreptococcus, Fusobacterium, Haemophilus, Neisseria, Prevotella, andRothiagenera were present in ≥95% samples and accounted for ~65% of the total sequence data. Phylogenetic diversity varied from person to person, but remained relatively stable within individuals over time compared to inter-individual variation. In contrast, the composition of rare microorganisms was highly variable over time, within most individuals. Using machine learning, an individual's oral microbial assemblage could be correctly assigned to them with 88–97% accuracy, depending on the sample site; 83% of samples taken a year after initial sampling could be confidently traced back to the source subject.
Development and validation of the Salzburg COPD-screening questionnaire (SCSQ): a questionnaire development and validation study
Authors: Weiss Gertraud , Steinacher Ina , Lamprecht Bernd , Kaiser Bernhard , Mikes Romana , Sator Lea , Hartl Sylvia , Wagner Helga , Studnicka M.
Published: January 2017

Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease prevalence rates are still high. However, the majority of subjects are not diagnosed. Strategies have to be implemented to overcome the problem of under-diagnosis. Questionnaires could be used to pre-select subjects for spirometry and thereby help reducing under-diagnosis. We report a brief, simple, self-administrable and validated chronic obstructive pulmonary disease questionnaire to increase the pre-test probability for chronic obstructive pulmonary disease diagnosis in subjects undergoing confirmatory spirometry. In 2005, we completed the Austrian Burden of Obstructive Lung Disease-study in 1258 subjects aged >40 years. Post-bronchodilator spirometry was performed, and non-reversible airflow limitation defined by FEV1/FVC ratio below the lower limit of normal. Questions from the Salzburg chronic obstructive pulmonary disease screening-questionnaire were selected using a logistic regression model, and risk scores were based on regression-coefficients. A training sub-sample (n = 800) was used to create the score, and a test sub-sample (n = 458) was used to test it. In 2008, an external validation study was done, using the same protocol in 775 patients from primary care. The Salzburg chronic obstructive pulmonary disease screening questionnaire was composed of items related to “breathing problems”, “wheeze”, “cough”, “limitation of physical activity”, and “smoking”. At the >=2 points cut-off of the Salzburg chronic obstructive pulmonary disease screening questionnaire, sensitivity was 69.1% [95%CI: 56.6%; 79.5%], specificity 60.0% [95%CI: 54.9%; 64.9%], the positive predictive value 23.2% [95%CI: 17.7%; 29.7%] and the negative predictive value 91.8% [95%CI: 87.5%; 95.7%] to detect post bronchodilator airflow limitation. The external validation study in primary care confirmed these findings. The Salzburg chronic obstructive pulmonary disease screening questionnaire was derived from the highly standardized Burden of Obstructive Lung Disease study. This validated and easy to use questionnaire can help to increase the efficiency of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease case-finding.
Nanospray HX-MS configuration for structural interrogation of large protein systems
Authors: Sheff Joey G. , Hepburn Morgan , Yu Yaping , Lees-Miller Susan P. , Schriemer David C.
Published: January 2017

An in-source column chiller supports nanoHX-MS workflows for analyzing proteins from cellular extracts.
Extraction induced by emulsion breaking for the determination of As, Co, Cr, Mn, Mo and Pb in heavy and extra-heavy crude oil samples by ICP-MS
Authors: Wuyke Henry , Oropeza Tomás , Feo Llinaber
Published: January 2017

A novel method based on extraction induced by emulsion breaking was performed for determination of metals in crude oil samples by ICP-MS.
Halogen-bond-based cooperative ion-pair recognition by a crown-ether-embedded 5-iodo-1,2,3-triazole
Authors: Tepper Ronny , Schulze Benjamin , Bellstedt Peter , Heidler Jan , Görls Helmar , Jäger Michael , Schubert Ulrich S.
Published: January 2017

A heteroditopic receptor with an iodo-triazole moiety for simultaneous cation–anion binding through Lewis-basic nitrogen atoms and halogen-bond-donating iodine atoms was designed.
Large change in thermopower with temperature driven p–n type conduction switching in environment friendly BaxSr2−xTi0.8Fe0.8Nb0.4O6 double perovskites
Authors: Roy Pinku , Waghmare Vikram , Tanwar Khagesh , Maiti Tanmoy
Published: January 2017

Temperature driven p–n type conduction switching in combination with colossal change in thermo-power in BaxSr2−xTi0.8Fe0.8Nb0.4O6 (BSTFN) double perovskites.
Graphene quantum dot incorporated perovskite films: passivating grain boundaries and facilitating electron extraction
Authors: Fang Xiang , Ding Jianning , Yuan Ningyi , Sun Peng , Lv Minghang , Ding Guqiao , Zhu Chong
Published: January 2017

GQDs at grain boundaries effectively bond to CH3NH3PbI3 so as to passivate the hanging bonds and rapidly extract electrons from CH3NH3PbI3.
Stabilization of electrogenerated copper species on electrodes modified with quantum dots
Authors: Martín-Yerga Daniel , Costa-García Agustín
Published: January 2017

Electrogenerated Cu(i) and Cu(0) species are stabilized by quantum dots on modified electrodes.
Erbium ion implantation into diamond – measurement and modelling of the crystal structure
Authors: Cajzl Jakub , Nekvindová Pavla , Macková Anna , Malinský Petr , Sedmidubský David , Hušák Michal , Remeš Zdeněk , Varga Marián , Kromka Alexander , Böttger Roman , Oswald Jiří
Published: January 2017

Doping of diamond with erbium as an optically active centre.
Bonding trends across the series of tricarbonato-actinyl anions [(AnO2)(CO3)3]4− (An = U–Cm): the plutonium turn
Authors: Liu Jian-Biao , Chen Guo P. , Huang Wei , Clark David L. , Schwarz W. H. Eugen , Li Jun
Published: January 2017

Strong variation of actinide f-orbital energy-levels with nuclear AND ionic charges lowers the highest possible oxidation-states from Pu onwards.
Contrasting the group 6 metal–metal bonding in sodium dichromate(ii) and sodium dimolybdate(ii) polymethyl complexes: synthetic, X-ray crystallographic and theoretical studies
Authors: Campbell Ross , Kennedy Alan R. , McLellan Ross , Robertson Stuart D. , Sproules Stephen , Mulvey Robert E.
Published: January 2017

Adding TMEDA to [M4Cr2Me8] (M = Li, Na) causes the Li complex to go mononuclear, whereas MeNa is extruded to give [Na3Cr2Me7] and a shortening of the Cr⋯Cr separation.
Inter-ligand electronic coupling mediated through a dimetal bridge: dependence on metal ions and ancillary ligands
Authors: Majumdar Moumita , Saha Sayantani , Dutta Indranil , Sinha Arup , Bera Jitendra K.
Published: January 2017

The metal–metal bond orbitals and the ancillary ligands influence inter-ligand charge transfer through the dimetal bridge.
Transition metal free catalytic hydroboration of aldehydes and aldimines by amidinato silane
Authors: Bisai Milan Kumar , Pahar Sanjukta , Das Tamal , Vanka Kumar , Sen Sakya S.
Published: January 2017

Benz-amidinato dichlorosilane [PhC(NtBu)2SiHCl2] has been reported to catalyze hydroboration of aldehydes at room temperature and aldimines under slightly harsh conditions.
Photomagnetic properties of an Fe(ii) spin-crossover complex of 6-(3,5-diamino-2,4,6-triazinyl)-2,2′-bipyridine and its insertion into 2D and 3D bimetallic oxalate-based networks
Authors: Sánchez-Sánchez C. , Desplanches C. , Clemente-Juan J. M. , Clemente-León M. , Coronado E.
Published: January 2017

The Fe(ii) complex of 6-diaminotriazyl-2,2′-bipyridine shows the LIESST effect and has been used as a countercation of two oxalate-based ferromagnets.
A potential sex dimorphism in the relationship between bitter taste and alcohol consumption
Authors: Beckett Emma Louise , Duesing Konsta , Boyd Lyndell , Yates Zoe , Veysey Martin , Lucock Mark
Published: January 2017

Sex-specific interactions between bitter taste phenotype, TAS2R38 genotype and alcohol intake may explain variance is previous studies, and may have implications for disease risk.
Highly efficient aqueous phase chemoselective hydrogenation of α,β-unsaturated aldehydes catalysed by phosphine-decorated polymer immobilized IL-stabilized PdNPs
Authors: Doherty S. , Knight J. G. , Backhouse T. , Abood E. , Alshaikh H. , Fairlamb I. J. S. , Bourne R. A. , Chamberlain T. W. , Stones R.
Published: January 2017

An aqueous phase hydrogenation of α,β-unsaturated aldehydes with remarkable selectivity for the CC double bond under mild conditions.
Synthesis of sulfones via selective C–H-functionalization
Authors: Shaaban Saad , Liang Shuai , Liu Nai-Wei , Manolikakes Georg
Published: January 2017

This review highlights recent advances in the synthesis of sulfones via the selective functionalization of C–H-bonds.
Accurate measurement of specific tensile strength of carbon nanotube fibers with hierarchical structures by vibroscopic method
Authors: Park Junbeom , Lee Sung-Hyun , Lee Jaegeun , Lee Dong-Myeong , Yu Hayoung , Jeong Hyeon Su , Kim Seung Min , Lee Kun-Hong
Published: January 2017

Since carbon nanotube (CNT) fibers have a hierarchical structure, the specific strength of CNT fibers can be estimated to be much higher than its real value when the linear density of the fiber is measured using the vibroscopic method.
Highly CO tolerant PtRu/PtNi/C catalyst for polymer electrolyte membrane fuel cell
Authors: Wang Qi , Wang Guoxiong , Tao Hualong , Li Zhiqiang , Han Lei
Published: January 2017

A PtRu/PtNi/C catalyst shows higher CO tolerance than PtNi/C, PtNi–Ru/C and PtRu/C catalysts due to the synergistic effect between the PtRu surface and PtNi core.
Synthesis and antioxidant activity of 1,3,4-oxadiazoles and their diacylhydrazine precursors derived from phenolic acids
Authors: Mihailović Nevena , Marković Violeta , Matić Ivana Z. , Stanisavljević Nemanja S. , Jovanović Živko S. , Trifunović Snežana , Joksović Ljubinka
Published: January 2017

Eight 1,3,4-oxadiazoles and eight of their diacylhydrazine precursors were synthesized and examined for their antioxidative potential using different tests.
Two-photon absorption of BF2-carrying compounds: insights from theory and experiment
Authors: Bednarska Joanna , Zaleśny Robert , Wielgus Małgorzata , Jędrzejewska Beata , Puttreddy Rakesh , Rissanen Kari , Bartkowiak Wojciech , Ågren Hans , Ośmiałowski Borys
Published: January 2017

This communication presents a structure–property study of a few novel pyridine-based difluoroborate compounds with a N–BF2–O core, which exhibit outstanding fluorescence properties.
Synthesis and structural study of new metallasilsesquioxanes of potassium and uranium
Authors: Gießmann Stephan , Lorenz Volker , Liebing Phil , Hilfert Liane , Fischer Axel , Edelmann Frank T.
Published: January 2017

The first metallasilsesquioxanes comprising potassium and uranium have been synthesized and structurally characterized by single-crystal X-ray diffraction.
Detection of trace substances adhered to a metal surface by laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy
Authors: Kawaguchi Yoshizo , Ohmura Hideki , Sato Tadatake
Published: January 2017

Laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy (LIBS) was applied to inspect trace substances on aluminum alloy surfaces.
Correction: Structure and photocatalytic activity of a low band gap donor–acceptor–donor (D–A–D) type conjugated polymer: poly(EDOT-pyridazine-EDOT)
Authors: Yang Lei , Jamal Ruxangul , Liu Fangfang , Wang Yujie , Abdiryim Tursun
Published: January 2017

Correction for ‘Structure and photocatalytic activity of a low band gap donor–acceptor–donor (D–A–D) type conjugated polymer: poly(EDOT-pyridazine-EDOT)’ by Lei Yang et al., RSC Adv., 2017, 7, 1877–1886.
Trafficking of neuronal calcium channels
Authors: Weiss Norbert , Zamponi Gerald W.
Published: January 2017

Neuronal voltage-gated calcium channels (VGCCs) serve complex yet essential physiological functions via their pivotal role in translating electrical signals into intracellular calcium elevations and associated downstream signalling pathways. There are a number of regulatory mechanisms to ensure a dynamic control of the number of channels embedded in the plasma membrane, whereas alteration of the surface expression of VGCCs has been linked to various disease conditions. Here, we provide an overview of the mechanisms that control the trafficking of VGCCs to and from the plasma membrane, and discuss their implication in pathophysiological conditions and their potential as therapeutic targets.
Vocal Ergonomics in the Workplace: Heating, Ventilation, and Air-Conditioning Method Influences on Vocal Comfort and Function
Authors: Sandage Mary J. , Rahn Keith A. , Smith Audrey G.
Published: January 2017

Purpose

The purpose of this study was to examine the influence of the heating, ventilation, and air-conditioning method on voice function following a voicing task using ecologically valid offices, one with radiant HVAC and one with forced air.

Method

A total of 12 consented participants (6 women, 6 men) narrated a video in each of 4 environmental conditions in a within-between repeated-measures design. Acoustic data were collected with an ambulatory phonation monitor and perceived phonatory effort was determined following the voicing task. Data were analyzed using a within-between repeated-measures analysis of variance with significance set at α < .05.

Results

Perceived phonatory effort did not differ between environments; however, a significant difference in vocal amplitude between 2 trials was identified for the male participants and physiologically significant differences in vocal amplitude were identified for male and female participants.

Conclusions

The findings suggest that perceived phonatory effort may not be a sensitive measure of vocal function differences following a voicing task in ecologically valid office spaces despite significant acoustic findings. Future research should address longer exposure to environmental differences combined with a longer voicing task within ecologically valid work spaces as well as the recruitment of participants who have particular vulnerability to environmental perturbations.
Low RCS and high‐gain CP microstrip antenna using SA‐MS
Authors: Zhang Lei , Dong Tao
Published: January 2017

A shared aperture metasurface (SA‐MS) is proposed to achieve the wideband radar cross‐section (RCS) reduction and gain enhancement of a circularly polarised (CP) microstrip antenna simultaneously. The SA‐MS is composed of a wideband polarisation conversion surface and a partially reflecting surface (PRS). A 180° phase difference can be obtained by the polarisation conversion surface, which results in a wideband RCS reduction in normal incident direction. The Fabry–Perot resonator cavity is constructed by the PRS and the metallic ground of the CP microstrip antenna to enhance the gain. Experimental results show that the gain enhancement reaches 1.15 dB around the operating band and a wideband RCS reduction is obtained in the frequency range of 9–17 GHz, in which the average RCS reduction is 10.9 and 10.68 dB for dual polarisation in the normal incident direction.
Empowering vehicle tracking in a cluttered environment with adaptive cellular automata suitable to intelligent transportation systems
Authors: Darwish Saad Mohamed
Published: January 2017

Detecting and tracking moving vehicles in actual traffic scenes is an embryonic investigation field for smart transportation systems. This study presents the computational paradigm of fuzzy cellular automata (FCA) to manage the sensitive to environmental fluctuations limitation associated with the background subtraction methods for dynamic vehicle tracking. The suggested model extends FCA that is formed with rules supporting least sensitive fuzzy ‘exclusive or’ operation as next case logic to control levels of ambiguity in rule similarly functions. At each step, the refresh of background in frame difference proposals is established according to the number of active cells and fuzzy mapping function; so moving vehicles that their grey level is totally similar to the background grey level are easily identified. Furthermore, an occlusion handling routine based on visual measurement is engaged in discovering the classes of the vehicle occlusions and fragmenting the vehicle from each occlusive class. The empirical outcomes confirm that the suggested method is more accurate and powerful than conventional techniques for real‐time vehicle tracking.
MD‐based approaches for system health monitoring: a review
Authors: Jin Xiaohang , Wang Yu , Chow Tommy W.S. , Sun Yi
Published: January 2017

Health monitoring of machines and electronic devices as well as their manufacturing processes plays a significant role in improving their safety, reliability, and their effective lifetime. The Mahalanobis distance (MD)‐based approach is a powerful health monitoring method that has recently received more interest from industrial and academic communities. It has been extensively studied and widely applied in many fields since the early 2000s. This study briefly surveys recent developments and implementation issues of the MD‐based approach in system health monitoring. It provides comprehensive references for researchers, highlights relevant papers, and predicts future research trends.
Sex, Work, Meat: The Feminist Politics of Veganism
Authors: Hamilton Carrie
Published: January 2017

Since the publication of The Sexual Politics of Meat in 1990, activist and writer Carol J. Adams (2000 [1990]) has put forth a feminist defence of veganism based on the argument that meat consumption and violence against animals are structurally related to violence against women, and especially to pornography and prostitution. Adams’ work has been influential in the growing fields of animal studies and posthumanism, where her research is frequently cited as the prime example of vegan feminism. However, her particular radical feminist framework, including her anti-pornography and anti-prostitution arguments, are rarely acknowledged or critiqued. This article challenges the premises of Adams’ argument, demonstrating that her version of vegan feminism is based upon an unsubstantiated comparison between violence against women and violence against other-than-human animals, and on the silencing and exclusion of sex workers as subjects. The article contests the limited reading of Adams, and of feminism, offered in some key works in animal studies and posthumanism, at the same time that it recognises the need to challenge the anthropocentrism evident in much feminist theory. By way of alternative approaches to the sexual politics of veganism, the article highlights the interventions of artist and activist Mirha-Soleil Ross, proposing that her situated and embodied commitment to animal rights brings sex worker agency into the story, while resisting simple comparisons among different forms of violence. The concerns raised by Ross overlap in compelling ways with recent research in performance studies and labour history, bringing the question of work and workers, animal and human, to the fore. These studies point towards a potentially more useful framework than that of Adams for understanding the human violence suffered by different species, including those destined to be eaten by people.
Gendered Representations in Hawai‘i's Anti-Gmo Activism
Authors: Shaw Amanda
Published: January 2017

The aim of this article is to analyse some of the representations of intersectional gender that materialise in activism against genetically modified organisms (GMOs). It uses the case of Hawai'i as a key node in global transgenic seed production and hotspot for food, land and farming controversies. Based on ethnographic work conducted since 2012, the article suggests some of the ways that gender is represented within movements against GMOs by analysing activist media representations. The article shows how gender, understood intersectionally, informs possibilities for movement-identification, exploring how themes of motherhood, warrior masculinities and sexualised femininities are represented within these movements. The article suggests that some activist representations of gender invoke what could be considered as normative framings of gender similar to those seen in other environmental, food and anti-GMO movements. It is suggested that these gendered representations may influence and limit how different subjects engage with Hawai'i anti-GMO movements. At the same time, contextual, intersectional readings demonstrate the complex histories behind what appear to be gender normative activist representations. Taken together, this emphasis on relative norms of femininities and masculinities may provide anti-GMO organising with familiar social frames that counterbalance otherwise threatening campaigns against (agri)business in the settler state. Understood within these histories, the work that gender does within anti-GMO organising may offer generative examples for thinking through the relationships between gendered representations and situated, indigenous-centred, food and land-based resistances.
Characterisation of new gated optical image intensifiers for fluorescence lifetime imaging
Authors: Sparks H. , Görlitz F. , Kelly D. J. , Warren S. C. , Kellett P. A. , Garcia E. , Dymoke-Bradshaw A. K. L. , Hares J. D. , Neil M. A. A. , Dunsby C. , French P. M. W.
Published: January 2017

We report the characterisation of gated optical image intensifiers for fluorescence lifetime imaging, evaluating the performance of several different prototypes that culminate in a new design that provides improved spatial resolution conferred by the addition of a magnetic field to reduce the lateral spread of photoelectrons on their path between the photocathode and microchannel plate, and higher signal to noise ratio conferred by longer time gates. We also present a methodology to compare these systems and their capabilities, including the quantitative readouts of Förster resonant energy transfer.
Electron transport in real time from first-principles
Authors: Morzan Uriel N. , Ramírez Francisco F. , González Lebrero Mariano C. , Scherlis Damián A.
Published: January 2017

While the vast majority of calculations reported on molecular conductance have been based on the static non-equilibrium Green’s function formalism combined with density functional theory (DFT), in recent years a few time-dependent approaches to transport have started to emerge. Among these, the driven Liouville-von Neumann equation [C. G. Sánchez et al., J. Chem. Phys. 124, 214708 (2006)] is a simple and appealing route relying on a tunable rate parameter, which has been explored in the context of semi-empirical methods. In the present study, we adapt this formulation to a density functional theory framework and analyze its performance. In particular, it is implemented in an efficient all-electron DFT code with Gaussian basis functions, suitable for quantum-dynamics simulations of large molecular systems. At variance with the case of the tight-binding calculations reported in the literature, we find that now the initial perturbation to drive the system out of equilibrium plays a fundamental role in the stability of the electron dynamics. The equation of motion used in previous tight-binding implementations with massive electrodes has to be modified to produce a stable and unidirectional current during time propagation in time-dependent DFT simulations using much smaller leads. Moreover, we propose a procedure to get rid of the dependence of the current-voltage curves on the rate parameter. This method is employed to obtain the current-voltage characteristic of saturated and unsaturated hydrocarbons of different lengths, with very promising prospects.
Pattern, growth, and aging in aggregation kinetics of a Vicsek-like active matter model
Authors: Das Subir K.
Published: January 2017

Via molecular dynamics simulations, we study kinetics in a Vicsek-like phase-separating active matter model. Quantitative results, for isotropic bicontinuous pattern, are presented on the structure, growth, and aging. These are obtained via the two-point equal-time density-density correlation function, the average domain length, and the two-time density autocorrelation function. Both the correlation functions exhibit basic scaling properties, implying self-similarity in the pattern dynamics, for which the average domain size exhibits a power-law growth in time. The equal-time correlation has a short distance behavior that provides reasonable agreement between the corresponding structure factor tail and the Porod law. The autocorrelation decay is a power-law in the average domain size. Apart from these basic similarities, the overall quantitative behavior of the above-mentioned observables is found to be vastly different from those of the corresponding passive limit of the model which also undergoes phase separation. The functional forms of these have been quantified. An exceptionally rapid growth in the active system occurs due to fast coherent motion of the particles, mean-squared-displacements of which exhibit multiple scaling regimes, including a long time ballistic one.
Real-space post-processing correction of thermal drift and piezoelectric actuator nonlinearities in scanning tunneling microscope images
Authors: Yothers Mitchell P. , Browder Aaron E. , Bumm Lloyd A.
Published: January 2017

We have developed a real-space method to correct distortion due to thermal drift and piezoelectric actuator nonlinearities on scanning tunneling microscope images using Matlab. The method uses the known structures typically present in high-resolution atomic and molecularly resolved images as an internal standard. Each image feature (atom or molecule) is first identified in the image. The locations of each feature’s nearest neighbors are used to measure the local distortion at that location. The local distortion map across the image is simultaneously fit to our distortion model, which includes thermal drift in addition to piezoelectric actuator hysteresis and creep. The image coordinates of the features and image pixels are corrected using an inverse transform from the distortion model. We call this technique the thermal-drift, hysteresis, and creep transform. Performing the correction in real space allows defects, domain boundaries, and step edges to be excluded with a spatial mask. Additional real-space image analyses are now possible with these corrected images. Using graphite(0001) as a model system, we show lattice fitting to the corrected image, averaged unit cell images, and symmetry-averaged unit cell images. Statistical analysis of the distribution of the image features around their best-fit lattice sites measures the aggregate noise in the image, which can be expressed as feature confidence ellipsoids.
Coherent state transforms and the Weyl equation in Clifford analysis
Authors: Mourão José , Nunes João P. , Qian Tao
Published: January 2017

We study a transform, inspired by coherent state transforms, from the Hilbert space of Clifford algebra valued square integrable functions L2(ℝm, dx) ⊗ ℂm to a Hilbert space of solutions of the Weyl equation on ℝm+1 = ℝ × ℝm, namely, to the Hilbert space ℳL2(ℝm+1, dμ) of ℂm-valued monogenic functions on ℝm+1 which are L2 with respect to an appropriate measure dμ. We prove that this transform is a unitary isomorphism of Hilbert spaces and that it is therefore an analog of the Segal-Bargmann transform for Clifford analysis. As a corollary, we obtain an orthonormal basis of monogenic functions on ℝm+1. We also study the case when ℝm is replaced by the m-torus 𝕋m. Quantum mechanically, this extension establishes the unitary equivalence of the Schrödinger representation on M, for M = ℝm and M = 𝕋m, with a representation on the Hilbert space ℳL2(ℝ × M, dμ) of solutions of the Weyl equation on the space-time ℝ × M.
Bias field tunable magnetic configuration and magnetization dynamics in Ni80Fe20 nano-cross structures with varying arm length
Authors: Adhikari K. , Choudhury S. , Mandal R. , Barman S. , Otani Y. , Barman A.
Published: January 2017

Ferromagnetic nano-cross structures promise exotic static magnetic configurations and very rich and tunable magnetization dynamics leading towards potential applications in magnetic logic and communication devices. Here, we report an experimental study of external magnetic field tunable static magnetic configurations and magnetization dynamics in Ni80Fe20 nano-cross structures with varying arm lengths (L). Broadband ferromagnetic resonance measurements showed a strong variation in the number of spin-wave (SW) modes and mode frequencies (f) with bias field magnitude (H). Simulated static magnetic configurations and SW mode profiles explain the rich variation of the SW spectra, including mode softening, mode crossover, mode splitting, and mode merging. Such variation of SW spectra is further modified by the size of the nano-cross. Remarkably, with decreasing arm length of nano-cross structures, the onion magnetization ground state becomes more stable. Calculated magnetostatic field distributions support the above observations and revealed the non-collective nature of the dynamics in closely packed nano-cross structures. The latter is useful for their possible applications in magnetic storage and memory devices.