bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Coarticulation with alveopalatal sibilants in Mandarin and Polish: Phonetics or phonology?
Authors: Hauser Ivy
Published: May 2020

Previous work has shown that vowels following alveopalatal sibilants typically exhibit raised second formant (F2) values, typically attributed to coarticulatory vowel fronting (e.g. Stevens, 2004 in Mandarin; Bukmaier & Harrington, 2016 in Polish). This paper re-examines the palatalizing coarticulatory effects of the alveopalatal sibilant in Mandarin and Polish. While previous studies have focused on differences in F2 transitions or values at vowel onset, I find that the raised F2 values following alveopalatal sibilants frequently persist through the entire duration of following vowels in Mandarin. This raises the question of whether this is a phonetic coarticulation effect or a phonological assimilation effect. I review diagnostics for such a distinction and provide evidence from speech rate which suggests that the raised F2 effect should be analyzed as phonological assimilation in Mandarin, but phonetic coarticulation in Polish. These results have implications for phonological representations and perception in both languages.
Tone lowering in nominal compounds of Copala Triqui
Authors: Rodriguez Jamilläh Shäntel , Clemens Lauren
Published: May 2020

This paper examines the distribution of tone lowering in the nominal compounds of Copala Triqui (Otomanguean). We consider two types of compounds: fused compounds and unfused compounds, which differ with respect to their prosodic complexity. For both types of compounds, the second root noun lowers in some examples, while it maintains its lexically specified tone in others. In this paper, we consider the advantages and disadvantages of a lexical as compared to a structural approach to tone lowering. More specifically, tonal overlay may belong to either a categorical head or a specific syntactic configuration, as in McPherson (2014)’s description of tone overlay in the Dogon language family
Estudo do corpus latente da internet sobre as metodologias ativas e tecnologias digitais no ensino das Ciências
Authors: Leite Bruno Silva
Published: May 2020

As metodologias ativas e as tecnologias digitais se apresentam bastantes presentes nos processos de ensino e aprendizagem, tanto no Brasil como no mundo. Ao tratar desta temática este trabalho objetivou identificar quais artigos, por meio do corpus latente na Internet, foram elaborados em um contexto natural sobre as metodologias ativas e tecnologias digitais no ensino das Ciências. Para isso, realizamos um levantamento das publicações em língua portuguesa envolvendo a temática destacando sua relevância e aplicação. Nosso corpus de dados foi o Google Acadêmico e a análise do tipo qualitativa. Os resultados mostram que apesar de pesquisas sobre a integração dessas tecnologias estarem em um estado incipiente, observamos que as realizadas até o momento demonstram grandes benefícios que trazem para o processo de ensino e aprendizagem. Entre essas contribuições, destacamos a motivação, satisfação e autonomia. Ademais, inferimos algumas possibilidades da aprendizagem tecnológica ativa e aprendizagem personalizada no ensino das Ciências.
 
Palavras-chave: Metodologias ativas. Tecnologias digitais. Ensino das ciências. Aprendizagem tecnológica ativa. Corpus latente na internet.
PENGEMBANGAN SISTEM APLIKASI WEB SCRAPER HARGA KOMODITAS MENGGUNAKAN METODE DESIGN ORIENTED RESEARCH
Authors: Arief Muhammad Irsad , Kurniawan Robert
Published: May 2020

Information technology develops in line with human civilization development. One type of information technology implementation in business is electronic commerce (e-commerce), which resulted in the availability of online price data. It raises new opportunities for more efficient and effective price data collection. One method of online data collection that is more efficient, cheaper, and more accessible is web scraping. This research develops an application system which can do web scraping of price easily, database system to accommodate web scraping result and a dashboard system that can give price information accurately and real-time. In addition to pricing information, the resulting application system also provides price forecasting. This research uses the Design Oriented Research method with the expected results in the form of a web scraper application system for commodity price data, by identifying problems that occur as well as efforts in their resolution. Also, testing is done by black-box testing, white-box testing, and system usability scale (SUS). The results of the application show that the use is acceptable with 75.5 scores and goes as expected result.

Teknologi informasi turut berkembang sejalan dengan perkembangan peradaban manusia Salah satu jenis implementasi teknologi informasi dalam hal bisnis adalah perdagangan elektronik (e-commerce) yang mengakibatkan tersedianya data harga produk secara online. Hal ini menimbulkan peluang baru untuk proses pengumpulan data harga yang lebih efisien dan efektif. Salah satu metode pungumpulan data secara online yang lebih efisien, murah dan mudah adalah web scraping. Penelitian ini bertujuan mengembangkan sistem aplikasi yang mampu melakukan web scraping harga dengan mudah, membuat sistem basis data untuk menampung hasil web scraping serta membangun sistem yang dapat memberikan informasi harga dengan akurat dan real time. Selain informasi tentang harga, sistem aplikasi yang dihasilkan juga menyediakan informasi peramalan harga di masa yang akan datang. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode Design Oriented Research dengan hasil yang diharapkan berupa artefak sistem aplikasi web scraper data harga komoditas, dengan mengidentifikasi masalah yang terjadi serta usaha dalam penyelesaiannya. Selain itu, juga dilakukan pengujian dengan menggunakan pengujian blackbox testing, whitebox testing, dan system usability scale (SUS). Hasil dari pengujian aplikasi menunjukkan bahwa aplikasi berjalan sesuai dengan hasil yang diharapkan dan dapat diterima dengan baik dengan skor SUS 75,5.
PENGARUH STRUKTUR MODAL, PROFITABILITAS TERHADAP DETERMINASI MANAJEMEN LABA DAN STRATEGI DIVERSIFIKASI
Authors: Yanto Dayani Okvi , Wati Lela Nurlaela
Published: May 2020

This study aims to examine the effect of capital structure on earnings management, profitability on earnings management and diversification strategies to moderate the effect of capital structure on earnings management. This study uses data from 93 manufacturing companies listed on the Stock Exchange Index (IDX) during the period 2014 to 2018 using Moderating Regression Analysis (MRA). The results showed that capital structure had no effect on earnings management. Profitability with the ROA proxy has a significant positive effect on earnings management, but the diversification strategy is not able to moderate the relationship of capital structure to earnings management. Profitability can build earnings management actions by way of income minimizaation and income maximization, because with good performance through the level of profitability, investors will be interested in investing the capital.
Which item measure the authentic leadership of the entry level leaders in military appropriately?
Authors: Bae Seongho
Published: May 2020

The research trials of high precision measurement of authentic leadership is not active, and haven’t knowledge for reliability and coverage range of authentic leadership questionnaires when want to make high stakes personnel decisions in military settings. This study presented five questionnaires to measure authentic leadership appropriately based on military leader responded survey data. They were ALQ8, ALQ12, ALQ13, ALQ14, and ALQ16. In this study presented they could be discriminate leaders who low level of authentic leadership with reliability. Further tasks may discover and consider of bi-factor solution of factor structure of authentic leadership questionnaire, and flourish discussions how to use authentic leadership questionnaire to make decisions in context of military leader resource management.
ENHANCING CREATIVITY AND PROBLEM SOLVING SKILLS THROUGH CREATIVE PROBLEM SOLVING IN TEACHING MATHEMATICS
Authors: Khalid Madihah , Saad Supiah , Abdul Hamid Siti Rafiah , Ridhuan Abdullah Muhammad , Ibrahim Hasniza , Shahrill Masitah
Published: May 2020

In recent years, calls to nurture and teach creativity from an early age in schools has intensified. Creativity is something regular in the teaching of arts subjects but is not a common feature in teaching science, technology, engineering and mathematics subjects. However, what really matters, is how the subject is being taught. This research aimed to foster creativity through the teaching of mathematics via problem solving that challenges the solving of problems in a creative manner, which is defined as creative problem solving. This quasi-experimental study investigates changes in students learning of mathematics via creative problem solving. Altogether, 172 Form 1 students forming treatment and comparison groups from four schools in Gombak District area, Malaysia were involved. A mixed qualitative and quantitative data were collected to investigate the effect of the 3 cycles of creative problem solving lessons implemented. Instruments used were Torrance Test of Creative Thinking, a mathematics problem solving test and creativity checklist. This paper will only present the quantitative data obtained. Results show statistically significant increases in scores for most categories of creativity and problem solving tests. This research brought together teachers and researchers in trialling creative problem solving to teach mathematics, to achieve the enhancement of students’ creative thinking and problem solving skills. This coincided with the introduction of Kurikulum Standard Sekolah Menengah with new emphasis to strengthen the quality of science, technology, engineering and mathematics education in general, where higher-order thinking reforms are emphasized.
The Neurobiology of Schizoaffective Disorder
Authors: Paudel Shreedhar , Brown Hannah , Freudenreich Oliver
Published: May 2020

Despite ongoing controversies, schizoaffective disorder remains a separate diagnosis under schizophrenia spectrum disorders in the
Diagnostic and Statistical Manual for Mental Disorders
, fifth edition. Clinically, schizoaffective disorder has symptom overlap with both schizophrenia and bipolar disorder with psychosis. In this review, we discuss clinical features, brain structural changes, neurodevelopment, neurocircuits, and the genetics of schizoaffective disorder. We also address the similarities and differences in underlying neurobiology of schizoaffective disorder, schizophrenia, and bipolar disorder with psychosis. Finally, we discuss the schizoaffective disorder diagnosis in the context of a transdiagnostic approach to psychosis.

[
Psychiatr Ann
. 2020;50(5):190–194.]
Text Mining: Design of Interactive Search Engine Based Regular Expressions of Online Automobile Advertisements
Authors: Jalal Ahmed Adeeb
Published: May 2020

Technology world has greatly evolved over the past decades, which led to inflated data volume. This progress of technology in the digital form generated scattered texts across millions of web pages. Unstructured texts contain a vast amount of textual data. Discover of useful and interesting relations from unstructured texts requires more processing by computers. Therefore, text mining and information extraction have become an exciting research field to get structured and valuable information. This paper focuses on text pre-processing of automotive advertisements domains to configure a structured database. The structured database was created by extract the information over unstructured automotive advertisements, which is an area of natural language processing. Information extraction deals with finding factual information in text using learning regular expressions. We manually craft rule-based specific approaches to extract structured information from unstructured web pages. Structured information will be provided by user-friendly search engine designed for topic-specific knowledge. Consequently, this information that extracted from these advertisements uses to perform a structured search over certain interesting attributes. Thus, the tuples are assigned a probability and indexed to support the efficiency of extraction and exploration via user queries.
Prediction of Primary Physical Measures for Cost-Effective Management of Artificial Seaweed Reefs
Authors: Lee In-Cheol , Kim Dongha , Jung Somi , Na Won-Bae
Published: May 2020

AbstractSeaweed plays a central role in supporting good habitats and spawning grounds for a number of fisheries resources. Artificial seaweed reefs (ASRs) should provide firm, stable substrates for seaweed. Hence, it is desirable to propose a physical measure of seaweed spore
settlement, which can be characterized by the surface area of an ASR and its wake region characteristics. In this study, a so-called seaweed spore settlement contributor was proposed, 34 ASRs were characterized by their primary physical measures (contributors and wake volumes) and secondary
measure (efficiency indices), and linear regression equations were obtained to predict the primary measures. It is found that the average values of the primary measures are 61.96 m2 (contributor) and 4.79 m3 (wake volume), and reef structures provoking the water flow
blocking mechanism are critical to these parameters. The results also demonstrated that the effect of the seabed slope on the primary measures should be considered for reefs having a narrow top and wide bottom. We found that it is desirable to predict the primary physical measures for preinstallation
and cost-effective management of ASRs.
Mısır (Zea mays l.) ve Börülce (Vigna sinensis l. )’nin İkinci Ürün Olarak Birlikte Yetiştirmenin Yeşil Ot Verimi ve Bazı Tarımsal Karakterlere Etkilerinin Araştırılması
Authors: Nil GÜREL  , Mustafa OKANT
Published: May 2020

Güneydoğu Anadolu’da, hâsıl amacı olarak birlikte yetiştirilen mısır ve börülcenin farklı ekim sistemlerinde bazı tarımsal karakterler ile kalite özelliğine etkisini incelemek amacıyla yürütülen bu çalışmada, incelenen özellikler koçan oranı hariç birlikte üretim sistemlerinden önemli ölçüde etkilenmiştir. İkinci üründe börülce veriminin azaldığı, mısır yeşil ot veriminin arttığı, alan kullanım etkinliğinin bir ölçüsü olan LER’in karışım ekimlerde kaynakları daha etkin kullanmasından kaynaklanabilmektedir.
Ram Pompasının Basma Hattındaki Su Debisinin Artırılmasına Yönelik Bir Çalışma
Authors: Kutalmış TURHAL  , Ahmet Tuna CÖMERT
Published: May 2020

Tarımda sulama, zirai ürün fiyatını artışına neden olan girdi maliyetinden biridir. Sulamada kullanılan pompa sadece ürün maliyetini arttırmasının yanında kullanılan fosil yakıtlar nedeniyle çevre kirliliğine de sebep olur. Birçok ülkede sulamada uygulaması görünen RAM pompası suyun herhangi bir yükseklikten pompaya düşmesi ilkesine göre çalışır. Bir su pompası olan RAM pompa mekanizmasına düşen suyun en az onda birini su düşme yüksekliğinin on katına kadar basabilir ve bu işlemi suyun kendi özgül ağırlığı ve kinetik enerjisinden yararlanarak yapmaktadır. Yani suyu terfi ettirmek için herhangi bir fosil yakıt ve/veya elektrik enerjisi sarf etmemektedir. Böylece bu pompa ile terfi ettirilen su yüksek bir depoda biriktirilebilir istendiği zaman tarım alanları cazibe ve benzeri yöntemler ile sulanabilir. Bu çalışma ile RAM pompası geliştirilerek, basma debisi %16-%20 oranında artırılmış, pompa imalat maliyeti %50 düşürülmüştür. Böylece geliştirilmiş bu RAM pompa ile herhangi bir enerji kullanmadan suyun bulunduğu yerden daha yüksek yerdeki tarım alanlarına daha fazla suyun daha düşük imalat maliyetiyle iletilmesi sağlanmıştır.
Animism is Applied Ethnobotany: A Shamanic Healing Ritual with the Dayak Benuaq Ohookng / East Kalimantan
Authors: Zahorka Herwig
Published: May 2020

The Dayak Benuaq Ohookng people believe in many and diverse territorial ghosts/spirits (wook) who exist in the environment, some of which have the power to remove the soul (juus) of a human body part or organ and, at the same time, implant disease. Consequently, this body part or organ gets sick. The mission of the shamans (pembeliatn), as mediums to the spiritual world, is to identify the ghost/spirit responsible during nocturnal rituals and to submit all of the diverse ritual offerings possible, including making an exchange of a “soul” (kelakar) made from ironwood (Eusideroxylon zwageri). To get rid of the disease, the patient smears some of his/her own saliva onto a carved statue (sepatukng silih), depicting the ghost/spirit concerned, after the shaman activated it. Later, this statue is taken to the forest. The shaman can also extract the disease from the sick body part by help of a thinly spliced banana leaf (telolo). The disease can also be attached to the statue or put into the blood of sacrificial animals. In order to finally find and identify the lost soul of the patient’s sick body part, the shaman performs a vigorous dance and then falls into a trance, during which he receives a message about where to catch the soul. To discover the soul and capture it, he uses a bamboo stick filled with boiled rice (tolakng tintikng). The captured soul is then massaged into the sick body part of the patient. To perform this ritual, a great number of traditional and institutionalized plants are essential. They are arranged around the altar (balai sianca jadi) and used for ritual objects. White rice and rice colored with black, red, yellow and green dyes plays an important role in attracting and satisfying the ghosts.
Etnobiologi Kota Amlapura, Karangasem, Bali: Amla, Amlapura dan Phyllanthus emblica L. (Phyllanthaceae)
Authors: Keim Ary Prihardhyanto , Adi Tukul Rameyo , Nikmatullah Muhamad , Arifa Nissa , Akbar Fauzi , Sujarwo Wawan
Published: May 2020

Amlapura is a Sanskrit name for the city of Karangasem and the result of the ethnobiological research conducted in this study indicates that it refers to a species of plant named Phyllanthus emblica (Phyllantaceae). In Indonesian, particularly Javanese the name is known as ‘malaka’, ‘mlaka’, ‘kemloko’, or ‘mloko’. This present ethnobiological study also raises a possibility that the name ‘mlaka’ is an indigenous Austronesian word instead and entered Sanskrit through Dravidian languages.
La Infraestructura Verde como alternativa ante la expansión urbana en Santiago de Chile
Authors: Lopez Varela Susana , Granados Ortiz Sara
Published: May 2020

La perspectiva expansionista que rige la Modificación del Plan Regulador Metropolitano de Santiago de Chile (MPRMS-100), y la ausencia de una gestión integral de los componentes paisajísticos de valor natural y cultural, está amenazando la integridad de la matriz ecológica existente. Ante esto, la Infraestructura Verde se presenta como una herramienta de planificación capaz de abordar los aspectos ligados a la gestión del suelo, desde lo espacial a lo multifuncional, que puede reconciliar el crecimiento urbano, bienestar social y protección ambiental. En ese sentido, el artículo tiene como objetivo definir, a partir de los postulados de la Ecología del Paisaje, los elementos para la implementación de un sistema primario de Infraestructura Verde en San Bernardo, una comuna periférica de la Región Metropolitana de Santiago. Esta localidad enfrenta importantes desafíos en el contexto urbano futuro ya que concentra el 40% del suelo urbanizable propuesto por el Plan. 
Democracy, Human Rights and Law in Islamic Thought
Authors: al-Jabri Mohammed Abed
Published: May 2020

Throughout the Middle East, and in the west as well, there has been much discussion concerning the notion of Islamic rule and the application of shari’ah by the state. Central to these debates are the three key themes that Mohammad Abed al-Jabri looks at in this book: democracy, human rights and law. Jabri, one of the most influential political philosophers in the contemporary Middle East, examines how these three concepts have been applied in the history of the Arab world, and shows that they are determined by political and social context, not by Islamic doctrine. Jabri argues that in order to develop democratic societies in which human rights are respected, the Arab world cannot simply rely on old texts and traditions. Nor can it import democratic models from the West. Instead, he says, a new tradition will have to be forged by today’s Arabs themselves, on their own terms. Through analysis of contemporary Arab ideology, its doubts about democracy, whether human rights are universal and the role of women and minorities in Islamic society, he expounds on the most pertinent issues in modern political philosophy. This lively interrogation of the building blocs of western conceptions of a modern state is a classic text and is vital for all students of modern Islamic political thought.
Violence, Resistance, and Rescue during the Holocaust
Authors: Balcells Laia , Solomon Daniel
Published: May 2020

What do different forms of anti-Semitic violence during World War II teach us about the comparative study of political violence? In this article, we review three recent political science books about the perpetrators of anti-Semitic violence, the responses of their Jewish victims, and
the rescue efforts that helped European Jews evade violence. These books demonstrate promising theoretical, empirical, and methodological uses for the rich historical record about the Holocaust. We use these studies to highlight the methodological innovations that they advance, the blurry
theoretical boundaries between selective and collective forms of mass violence, and the possibility of agentive action by perpetrators, victims, and rescuers alike. We conclude by highlighting the social-psychology of genocidal violence and the legacies of these episodes as areas for future
inquiry.
How to estimate total differential attenuation due to hydrometeors with ground-based multi-frequency radars?
Authors: Tridon Frédéric , Battaglia Alessandro , Kneifel Stefan
Published: May 2020

Abstract. At millimeter wavelengths, attenuation by hydrometeors, such as liquid droplets or large snowflakes, is generally not negligible. When using multi-frequency ground-based radar measurements, it is common practice to use the Rayleigh targets at cloud top as a reference in order to derive attenuation-corrected reflectivities and meaningful dual-frequency ratios (DFR). By capitalizing on this idea, this study describes a new quality-controlled approach aiming at identifying regions of the cloud where particle growth is negligible. The core of the method is the identification of a Rayleigh plateau, i.e. a large enough region near cloud top where the vertical gradient of DFR remains small. By analyzing collocated Ka-W band radar and microwave radiometer (MWR) observations taken at two European sites under various meteorological conditions, it is shown how the resulting estimates of differential path-integrated attenuation (DeltaPIA) can be used to characterize hydrometeor properties. When the DeltaPIA is predominantly produced by cloud liquid droplets, this technique alone can provide accurate estimates of the liquid water path. When combined with MWR observations, this methodology paves the way towards profiling the cloud liquid water and/or quality flagging the MWR retrieval for rain/drizzle contamination and/or estimating the snow differential attenuation.
Yttrium speciation in subduction-zone fluids from ab initio molecular dynamics simulations
Authors: Stefanski Johannes , Jahn Sandro
Published: May 2020

Abstract. The rare Earth elements (REEs) are important geochemical tracers for geological processes such as high-grade metamorphism. Aqueous fluids are considered important carriers for the REEs in a variety of geological environments including settings associated with subduction zones. The capacity of a fluid to mobilize REEs strongly depends on its chemical composition and on the presence of suitable ligands such as fluoride and chloride. In this study, we present structural and thermodynamic properties of aqueous yttrium–chloride and yttrium–fluoride species at a temperature of 800 ∘C in a pressure range between 1.3 and 4.5 GPa derived from ab initio molecular dynamics simulations. The total yttrium coordination by H2O and halide ions changes from seven to eight within the pressure range. For the yttrium–chloride species, a maximum number of three chloride ligands was observed. The derived thermodynamic data show that aqueous yttrium–fluoride complexes are more stable than their yttrium–chloride counterparts in chloride- and fluoride-rich environments at conditions relevant to slab dehydration. Mixed Y(Cl,F) complexes are found to be unstable even on the molecular dynamics timescale. Furthermore, in contrast to field observations, thermodynamic modeling indicates that yttrium should be mobilized at rather low fluoride concentrations in high-grade metasomatic systems. These results suggest a rather low fluoride activity in the majority of subduction-zone fluids because yttrium is one of the least-mobile REEs. Additionally, the simulations indicate that yttrium drives the self-ionization of hydration water molecules as it was observed for other high-field-strength elements. This might be a general property for highly charged cations in aqueous solutions under high-temperature and high-pressure conditions.
Influence of basement rocks on fluid evolution during multiphase
deformation: the example of the Estamariu thrust in the Pyrenean
Axial Zone
Authors: Muñoz-López Daniel , Alías Gemma , Cruset David , Cantarero Irene , Jonh Cédric M. , Travé Anna
Published: May 2020

Abstract. Calcite veins precipitated in the Estamariu thrust during two tectonic events decipher the temporal and spatial relationships between deformation and fluid migration in a long-lived thrust and determine the influence of basement rocks on the fluid chemistry during deformation. Structural and petrological observations constrain the timing of fluid migration and vein formation, whilst geochemical analyses (δ13C, δ18O, 87Sr/86Sr, clumped isotope thermometry and elemental composition) of the related calcite cements and host rocks indicate the fluid origin, pathways and extent of fluid-rock interaction. The first tectonic event, recorded by calcite cements Cc1a and Cc2, is related to the Alpine reactivation of the Estamariu thrust, and is characterized by the migration of meteoric fluids, heated at depth (temperatures between 56 and 98 °C) and interacted with crystalline basement rocks before upflowing through the thrust zone. During the Neogene extension, the Estamariu thrust was reactivated and normal faults and shear fractures with calcite cements Cc3, Cc4 and Cc5 developed. Cc3 and Cc4 precipitated from hydrothermal fluids (temperatures between 127 and 208 °C and between 102 and 167 °C, respectively) derived from crystalline basement rocks and expelled through fault zones during deformation. Cc5 precipitated from low temperature meteoric waters percolating from the surface through small shear fractures. The comparison between our results and already published data in other structures from the Pyrenees suggests that regardless of the origin of the fluids and the tectonic context, basement rocks have a significant influence on the fluid chemistry, particularly on the 87Sr/86Sr ratio. Accordingly, the cements precipitated from fluids interacted with crystalline basement rocks have significantly higher 87Sr/86Sr ratios (> 0.710) with respect to those precipitated from fluids that have interacted with the sedimentary cover (
Mapping the fracture network in the Lilstock pavement,
Bristol Channel, UK: manual versus automatic
Authors: Weismüller Christopher , Prabhakaran Rahul , Passchier Martijn , Urai Janos L. , Bertotti Giovanni , Reicherter Klaus
Published: May 2020

Abstract. The 100,000 m2 wave-cut pavement in the Bristol Channel near Lilstock, UK, is a world-class outcrop, perfectly exposing a very large fracture network in several thin limestone layers. We present an analysis based on manual interpretation of fracture generations in selected domains and compare this with automated fracture tracing. Our dataset of high-resolution aerial photographs of the complete outcrop was acquired by unmanned aerial vehicle, using a survey altitude optimized to resolve all fractures. We map fractures and identify fracture generations based on abutting and overprinting criteria and present the fracture networks of five selected representative domains. Each domain is also mapped automatically using ridge detection based on the complex shearlet transform method. The automatic fracture detection technique provides results close to the manually mapped fracture networks, however, with a bias towards closely spaced Y over X nodes. The assignment of fractures into generations cannot be done automatically yet. Generations one and two are long fractures that traverse our domains. Generation three is only present in the southwestern domains. Generation four follows an ENE-WSW striking trend, is sub-orthogonal to generations one and two and abuts on them and generation 3 if present. Generations five is the youngest fracture set with diffuse orientation, creating polygonal patterns by abutting on all older fracture generations. Our mapping results show that the northeastern domains only contain four fracture generations, thus the five generations of the outcrop identified in the southwestern domains are either not all present in each of the five domains or vary locally in their geometry, preventing the interpreter to link the fractures to their respective generation over several spatially separate mapping domains. The domains have different P21 fracture intensities which is lowest in the NE with 7.31 m/m2 and highest in the SW with 10.01 m/m2, coinciding with different fracture orientations, and distributions of abutting relationships. Each domain has slightly different fracture network characteristics. The network analysis shows that connectivity increases, depending on the evolving fracture generations.
Modal Existential Constructions in Modern Standard Arabic
Authors: Khatatneh Ahmad Hamad
Published: May 2020

Modal existential wh-constructions can be associated with three different types of structures, namely, wh-constructions, existential constructions, and modal constructions, but also have their own unique features. Idiosyncratic though it may look, the structure is characterized cross-linguistically by several shared properties. In this paper, we aim to examine in detail the properties of these constructions in Modern Standard Arabic. We show that MECs in Modern Standard Arabic share the defining and universal properties found in MECs cross-linguistically. Furthermore, we find that MSA’s MECs differ in three tendencies, namely; the relative nature of the wh-word in MSA, syntactic transparency and sluicing confirming the assumption that a relativization strategy, as opposed to the interrogative strategy found in plenty of other languages, is the one available for MECs in Modern Standard Arabic. We argue that these differences are also related to the [Spec, FP] position occupied by the wh-word.
Zebrafish macrophage developmental arrest underlies depletion of microglia and reveals Csf1r-independent metaphocytes
Authors: Kuil Laura E , Oosterhof Nynke , Ferrero Giuliano , Mikulášová Tereza , Hason Martina , Dekker Jordy , Rovira Mireia , van der Linde Herma C , van Strien Paulina MH , de Pater Emma , Schaaf Gerben , Bindels Erik MJ , Wittamer Valerie , van Ham Tjakko J
Published: May 2020

Macrophages derive from multiple sources of hematopoietic progenitors. Most macrophages require colony-stimulating factor 1 receptor (CSF1R), but some macrophages persist in the absence of CSF1R. Here, we analyzed mpeg1:GFP–expressing macrophages in csf1r-deficient zebrafish and report that embryonic macrophages emerge followed by their developmental arrest. In larvae, mpeg1+ cell numbers then increased showing two distinct types in the skin: branched, putative Langerhans cells, and amoeboid cells. In contrast, although numbers also increased in csf1r-mutants, exclusively amoeboid mpeg1+ cells were present, which we showed by genetic lineage tracing to have a non-hematopoietic origin. They expressed macrophage-associated genes, but also showed decreased phagocytic gene expression and increased epithelial-associated gene expression, characteristic of metaphocytes, recently discovered ectoderm-derived cells. We further demonstrated that juvenile csf1r-deficient zebrafish exhibit systemic macrophage depletion. Thus, csf1r deficiency disrupts embryonic to adult macrophage development. Zebrafish deficient for csf1r are viable and permit analyzing the consequences of macrophage loss throughout life.
A role for CIM6P/IGF2 receptor in memory consolidation and enhancement
Authors: Yu Xiao-Wen , Pandey Kiran , Katzman Aaron C , Alberini Cristina M
Published: May 2020

Cation-independent mannose-6-phosphate receptor, also called insulin-like growth factor two receptor (CIM6P/IGF2R), plays important roles in growth and development, but is also extensively expressed in the mature nervous system, particularly in the hippocampus, where its functions are largely unknown. One of its major ligands, IGF2, is critical for long-term memory formation and strengthening. Using CIM6P/IGF2R inhibition in rats and neuron-specific knockdown in mice, here we show that hippocampal CIM6P/IGF2R is necessary for hippocampus-dependent memory consolidation, but dispensable for learning, memory retrieval, and reconsolidation. CIM6P/IGF2R controls the training-induced upregulation of de novo protein synthesis, including increase of Arc, Egr1, and c-Fos proteins, without affecting their mRNA induction. Hippocampal or systemic administration of mannose-6-phosphate, like IGF2, significantly enhances memory retention and persistence in a CIM6P/IGF2R-dependent manner. Thus, hippocampal CIM6P/IGF2R plays a critical role in memory consolidation by controlling the rate of training-regulated protein metabolism and is also a target mechanism for memory enhancement.
A compositional neural code in high-level visual cortex can explain jumbled word reading
Authors: Agrawal Aakash , Hari KVS , Arun SP
Published: May 2020

We read jubmled wrods effortlessly, but the neural correlates of this remarkable ability remain poorly understood. We hypothesized that viewing a jumbled word activates a visual representation that is compared to known words. To test this hypothesis, we devised a purely visual model in which neurons tuned to letter shape respond to longer strings in a compositional manner by linearly summing letter responses. We found that dissimilarities between letter strings in this model can explain human performance on visual search, and responses to jumbled words in word reading tasks. Brain imaging revealed that viewing a string activates this letter-based code in the lateral occipital (LO) region and that subsequent comparisons to stored words are consistent with activations of the visual word form area (VWFA). Thus, a compositional neural code potentially contributes to efficient reading.
Examining ESL Learners’ Knowledge of Collocations
Authors: Kamarudin Rafidah , Abdullah Shazila , Abdul Aziz Roslina
Published: May 2020

It is generally agreed that collocational knowledge is an important language form for language learners in order for them to be proficient and fluent in the target language. However, previous studies have reported that second language (L2) learners lack collocational competence and they encounter difficulties in learning and using collocations. The present study not only investigates the overall collocational knowledge of Malaysian ESL learners, but more specifically, their productive and receptive knowledge of lexical and grammatical, which so far have not been further explored. Additionally, the ESL learners’ performance on three different types of collocations: verb-noun, adjective-noun, and verb-preposition is also investigated. Results of the study reveals a few interesting findings with respect to the Malaysian ESL learners’ overall knowledge of collocations, in particular their productive and receptive knowledge of collocations in relation to the three different types of collocations (verb-noun, adjective-noun, and verb-preposition). Pedagogical implications with regard to collocations and recommendations for future research are also put forward. investigated both the receptive and productive aspects of collocational.
Into the Darkest Corner: The Importance of Addressing Factor-Based Particularity in Relation to Domestic Violence Experiences in Post-Modern Literary Theory
Authors: Atiyat Reem
Published: May 2020

This paper investigates how a survivor of a violent marital relationship could awaken and take positive counteraction against her oppressive husband, rather than remaining entrapped in a state of ‘learned helplessness’. The central contribution of this paper lies in highlighting particularity rather than sameness when investigating how oppression and male domination could function as factors that trigger positive counteraction and lead to the liberation of the silenced protagonist in Elizabeth Haynes’ novel Into the Darkest Corner. The model highlighted for the purpose of examination is Catherine, the protagonist of Elizabeth Haynes’ novel Into the Darkest Corner. The paper mainly focuses on addressing two questions ‘What are the protagonist’s violence experiences?’ and ‘What are the factors that served to reinforce and prolong the protagonist’s oppressive marriage?’. The struggle of the protagonist to put an end to her abusive marriage, and how she managed to overpower her post-traumatic stress disorder experience constitute the focal point of this paper, and are explored from a feminist psychoanalytical perspective, a task that has not been addressed in the available literature on domestic violence in relation to feminist and psychoanalytic criticism up to date. In order to investigate these aspects in the novel, this paper draws on the views of post-modern feminist literary theory. This literary approach is crucial to highlighting the gender-based inequality imposed on the protagonist by her abusive husband throughout the novel. The analytical approach followed in this paper is that of thematic analysis. The paper mainly highlights the recurrent themes of physical violence and post-traumatic stress disorder. Then, the paper examines the content of the novel to support the argument about the association between post-traumatic stress disorder and liberation. Thus, three main issues are addressed: Domestic violence types and definitions, feminist theoretical views in relation to male domination, and notions of post-traumatic stress disorder in relation to liberation in feminist post-modern literary criticism. The main argument in this paper is that post-traumatic stress disorder is not an introductory psychological phase that paves the way for learned helplessness. Rather, it is a state imposed by male domination and control that could be challenged, controlled and directed to lead to liberation from male authority and oppression with the availability of proper assistance.
Literature as Activism - From Entertainment to Challenging Social Norms: Michael Nava’s Goldenboy (1988)
Authors: Bollas Angelos
Published: May 2020

The aim of this article is to examine how Michael Nava appropriates the conventions of Detective/Crime Fiction to engage in artivism, whereby art is used to challenge sexual and ethnic social oppression and inequality. By providing an analysis of the heteronormative conventions of the Detective and Crime Fiction genre, the article focuses on the ways in which narratives portray homophobic violence, as well as on the fact that such portrayals result from and contribute to the promotion of heteronormative hegemonies. Following this, I focus on Michael Nava’s Goldenboy (1988) and I analyse Nava’s writing in relation to the wider Chicano tradition of using art to engage in activism, what has been termed as ‘artivism.’ The central argument of this paper is that Nava ‘queers’ the form of the Detective Fiction genre to highlight the shortcomings of our society, the effects of the hegemonial heteronormativity, and the need for social change.
African Prose Fiction and the Depiction of Corruption in Islamic Society and Religion: A Critical Study of Abubakar Gimba’s Witnesses to Tears and Sacred Apples
Authors: Okeugo Oluchi Chris , Obioha - , Onyinye Jane
Published: May 2020

African prose fictions have written on a whole number of ideas and perception, but have conspicuously paid little or no attention to what is predominant in the Islamic society and religious world. For Gimba, the intrigues and contestation over power, especially within the civil service, assume a metaphoric significance in unraveling social contradictions in society. Gimba thus, evaluates the various dimensions of power and how it is used to subjugate or oppress people. In most of his works, Gimba pillories the repressive nature of power and the conflicts it engenders are graphically illustrated. In his articulation of this disabling environment, Gimba evokes a consciousness, concerned with Manichaeism and alienation. Gimba is sensitive to his characters as they adjust to the uncertainties of a postcolonial society with all the indices of underdevelopment, greed, corruption, bureaucratic tardiness, indiscipline, political instability etc. These characteristics of modern Nigeria form the background from which Gimba’s characters are drawn. However, drawing from their Islamic background, the characters in Gimba’s works express their morality, conviction and thought through the ideals of the religion. This leads to a remarkable blending of social and moral concerns with the supervening influence of Islam without sermonization. The outcome of this fusion is a balance between aesthetics and spiritual interests in a way that captures the essence of Northern Nigeria with vividness and freshness. Gimba, like Tahir, therefore relates the traditional and cultural values of the people to their response to the dilemma of new experiences and their interpretations of them. Gimba draws his sources from The Holy Qur’an in the delineation of setting, action and character. As a liberal feminist, he chooses urban heroines through whom he restructures our visions. This article attempts to investigate Gimba’s works using Neo-humanistic theory in evaluating his inclusion of religion and the techniques used conspicuously in the novels, Witnesses to Tears and Sacred Apples. This scholarly work equally argues that the writer’s creativity in religion can best be appreciated through an analytical study of the novel.
Specificity trumps flexibility—location-based stable associations between Symbiodiniaceae genera andPlatygyra verweyi(Scleractinia; Merulinidae)
Authors: Keshavmurthy Shashank , Tee Hwee Sze , Kao Kuo-Wei , Wang Jih-Terng , Chen Chaolun Allen
Published: May 2020

This study monitored symbiont communities bi-monthly in native coral cores used in a reciprocal transplantation of the coralPlatygyra verweyiover two years (2014–2016) and samples of mother colonies from three locations with variable thermal regimes; our results show that associating with multiple Symbiodiniaceae genera (Cladocopiumspp. andDurusdiniumspp.) is not a prerequisite for symbiont shuffling.Platygyra verweyiassociates with certain Symbiodiniaceae genera based on location. Results of quantitative real-time PCR indicated small-scale temporal changes in Symbiodiniaceae genera compositions from 2014 to 2016; however, these changes were not enough to invoke shuffling or switching, despite degree heating weeks exceeding 6 °C-weeks in 2014 and 4 °C-weeks in 2015, which usually resulted in substantial coral bleaching. Microsatellite analysis of theP. verweyihost showed no genetic differences among the study locations. Our results suggest thatP. verweyiundergoes long-term acclimatization and/or adaptation based on microgeographic and local environmental conditionsby altering its combinations of associated Symbiodiniaceae. Results also suggest that shuffling might not be as common a phenomenon as it has been given credit for; corals thrive through specific associations, and many corals could still be vulnerable to climate change-induced stress, despite being promiscuous or able to associate with rare and background Symbiodiniaceae genera.
Production and Physiochemical Evaluation of Fresh Cow Milk-based Beverage
Authors: Lawir Christopher Nsaighamu , Amua Qrisstuberg Msughter , Malu Samuel Peter
Published: May 2020

The aim of this work was to produce and evaluate the physiochemical properties of cow milk based beverage made from a blend of cow milk, honey, cocoa powder, ginger and garlic. The  composition of the samples were as follows: sample A (1 L cow milk), sample B (1 L cow milk, 0.12 L honey, 25 g cocoa powder), sample B served as base ingredients for samples C and D and prepared 1% ginger, 0.5% garlic were added to samples C and D, respectively. Sample A and sample E (vitamilk), respectively served as control I and control II. The chemical properties and proximate composition of the milk beverage samples were investigated. The result of chemical properties showed that the pH values ranged from 6.11 to 6.52 and were all slightly acidic while the percentage titratable acidity had the highest value of 0.168 for sample D and the least value of 0.086 for sample A. In terms of proximate composition, sample A had the highest percentage moisture content of 90.75±0.21 while sample C had the least moisture content of 87.7±0.28. The % protein, carbohydrate, fat, and ash contents increased as 1% ginger and 0.5% garlic were added to samples C and D and were significantly difference (P<0.05) for all the samples. Sample C had the highest value of 5.15% protein content while sample A had the least value of 2.85%. The percentage ash content ranged from 0.96±0.007 to 0.58±0.007. The fiber content of all the samples were below 2.25±0.007. A similar trend was also observed for the values of minerals and vitamins which showed a significant difference (P<0.05). This work has shown that there is improved nutritional content of the samples B, C and D which will go a long way to alleviate malnutrition. The pH of all the samples were near neutral, this could negatively affect the shelf stability of the milk beverage as a result of possible microbial infestation and thus there is every need to keep the product always refrigerated before use or should be consumed fresh.
Influence of Silicon Fertilization on Nitrogen Fractions and Nutrient Status of Rice Grown Soils in Telangana State
Authors: Raj G. Bhupal , Rajamani Kasthuri , Kumara B. H.
Published: May 2020

Excessive N application may limit the crop yields, and it could be minimized by the use of Silicon in rice ecosystem. Initially, a survey was conducted and revealed that rice grown soils were low in available Si (73.62 to 96.41 kg SiO2 ha-1). As well as Si concentration of rice genotypes ranged from 1.54 to 3.15% and grain yield ranged from 2653 to 6860 kg ha-1 and exerted a significant positive correlation (r = 0.55**). Based on initial phase of results, a field experiment was conducted with each four levels of N (0, 80, 120 & 160 kg ha-1) and Si (0, 200, 400 & 600 kg ha-1). Among the N and Si doses, application of T16(N160 + Si600) recorded highest grain yield (7180 kg ha-1) and was on par with the treatments received N@120 and 160 kg ha-1 along with Si@200, 400 and 600 kg ha-1. The status of available nutrients viz., N, P2O5, K2O, SiO2, Zn, Cu, and N-fractions were obtained high with T16 (N160 + Si600), which was at par with the treatments of T15 (N160 + Si400) > T14 (N160 + Si200) > T12 (N120 + Si600) > T11 (N120 + Si400) > T10 (N120 + Si200).