bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Emerging urban form – Emerging pollution: Modelling endogenous health and environmental effects of traffic on residential choice
Authors: Schindler Mirjam , Caruso Geoffrey
Published: June 2018

Air pollution bears severe health and environmental impacts and is of increasing concern to urban planners but densification strategies have ambiguous impacts. We analyse how households’ aversion to generating and being exposed to traffic pollution at the residential place and during their commute influences emerging urban structures and how these structures in turn affect pollution exposure and the residential choice of households. Resulting spatial patterns are difficult to predict because of this feedback and the spatial form of urbanisation and road networks. We address this complexity with a micro-economic agent-based residential choice model dynamically coupled with a cellular automata model for pollution dispersion and its perception in neighbourhoods. Our simulation experiments on a theoretical grid suggest that the spatial scale of this perception is important. We also find that if both health and environmental concerns are to be addressed, a combination of reducing commuting distances and preserving local green spaces is necessary. In particular, locally dispersed urban development and intra-urban green spaces next to busy roads can mitigate pollution exposure.
Optimal use of meningococcal serogroup B vaccines: moving beyond outbreak control
Authors: Balmer Paul , York Laura J.
Published: June 2018

Neisseria meningitidis is a major cause of meningitis and septicemia globally. Vaccines directed against N. meningitidis serogroup B (MenB) have been used to control sporadic and sustained disease in industrialized and non-industrialized countries. Early outer membrane vesicle (OMV) vaccines effectively reduced MenB disease in countries such as Norway, New Zealand, and France; however, these vaccines were highly specific for their targeted outbreak strain, did not elicit a durable immune response, and were ineffective for widespread use due to the diversity of MenB-disease-causing isolates. Recently developed recombinant protein-based MenB vaccines that target conserved surface proteins have the potential to induce a broader immune response against the diversity of disease-causing strains. Given the deleterious consequences and sporadic nature of MenB disease, the use of optimal vaccination strategies is crucial for prevention. Reactive vaccination strategies used in the past have significant limitations, including delayed implementation, substantial use of resources, and time constraints. The broad coverage potential of recombinant protein-based MenB vaccines suggests that routine use could result in a reduced burden of disease. Despite this, routine use of MenB vaccines is currently limited in practice.
Medications and Micronutrients: Identifying Clinically Relevant Interactions and Addressing Nutritional Needs
Authors: Prescott Jeffery David , Drake Victoria Jayne , Stevens Jan Frederik
Published: June 2018

Objective: Prescription drug use is on the rise, and the use of dietary supplementation remains common. In the United States, more than half of all adults take a dietary supplement in any given month. As a result, drug-nutrient interactions are becoming an important consideration when pharmacists counsel patients about their drug regimens. We reviewed the literature to identify common and/or clinically relevant drug-nutrient interactions that pharmacists may encounter in practice. Data Sources: A MEDLINE search for English-language publications from 1970 through March 2017 was performed using search terms (and variations) related to drugs, medications, micronutrients, and interactions. Study Selection and Data Extraction: Relevant studies, case reports, and reviews describing drug-nutrient interactions were selected for inclusion. Data Synthesis: Some drug-nutrient interactions may result in micronutrient insufficiencies or even frank deficiencies, thereby necessitating augmentation with multivitamin/minerals or individual vitamin/mineral dietary supplements. This most often occurs with long-term therapy for chronic conditions, such as treatment with proton-pump inhibitors and histamine-2 receptor antagonists. In addition, some chronic diseases themselves, such as diabetes, may predispose patients to micronutrient insufficiencies, and dietary supplementation may be advisable. Conclusions: Drug-nutrient interactions can often be resolved through specific dosing strategies to ensure that the full effect of the medication or the dietary supplement is not compromised by the other. In rare cases, the dietary supplement may need to be discontinued or monitored during treatment. Pharmacists are in a key position to identify and discuss these drug-nutrient interactions with patients and the health care team.
Advances in the treatment of substance use disorder in Cyprus
Authors: Samartzis Lampros
Published: June 2018

Addiction psychiatry is a relatively new field in Cyprus. This paper presents the advances in the treatment of substance use disorders in the country in the past three decades. These advances have included increased availability of services, increased accessibility, the development of a modern biopsychosocial harm-reduction approach and evidence-based pharmacological treatments.
Chromosomes trapped in micronuclei are liable to segregation errors
Authors: Soto Mar , García-Santisteban Iraia , Krenning Lenno , Medema René H. , Raaijmakers Jonne A.
Published: June 2018

DNA in micronuclei is likely to get damaged. When shattered DNA from micronuclei gets reincorporated into the primary nucleus, aberrant rearrangements can take place, a phenomenon referred to as chromothripsis. Here, we investigated how chromatids from micronuclei act in subsequent divisions and how this affects their fate. We observed that the majority of chromatids derived from micronuclei fail to establish a proper kinetochore in mitosis, which is associated with problems in chromosome alignment, segregation and spindle assembly checkpoint activation. Remarkably, we found that, upon their formation, micronuclei already display decreased levels of important kinetochore assembly factors. Importantly, these defects favour the exclusion of the micronucleus over the reintegration into the primary nucleus over several divisions. Interestingly, the defects observed in micronuclei are likely overcome once micronuclei are reincorporated into the primary nuclei, as they further propagate normally. We conclude that the formation of a separate small nuclear entity represents a mechanism for the cell to delay the stable propagation of excess chromosome(s) and/or damaged DNA, by inducing kinetochore defects.
Golgi localization of oxysterol binding protein-related protein 4L (ORP4L) is regulated by ligand binding
Authors: Pietrangelo Antonietta , Ridgway Neale D.
Published: June 2018

Oxysterol binding protein (OSBP)-related protein 4L (ORP4L, also known as OSBPL2), a closely related paralogue and interacting partner of OSBP, binds sterols and phosphatidylinositol 4-phosphate [PI(4)P] and regulates cell proliferative signalling at the plasma membrane (PM). Here, we report that ORP4L also interacts with the trans-Golgi network (TGN) in an OSBP-, sterol- and PI(4)P-dependent manner. Characterization of ORP4L lipid and VAP binding mutants indicated an indirect mechanism for translocation to ER–Golgi contact sites in response to 25-hydroxycholesterol that was dependent on OSBP and PI(4)P. shRNA silencing revealed that ORP4L was required to maintain the organization and PI(4)P content of the Golgi and TGN. In contrast, the interaction of ORP4L with the PM was not dependent on its sterol, PI(4)P or VAP binding activities. At the PM, ORP4L partially localized with a genetically encoded probe for PI(4)P but not with a probe for phosphatidylinositol 4,5-bisphosphate. We conclude that ORP4L is differentially localized to the PM and ER–Golgi contacts sites. OSBP-, lipid- and VAP-regulated interactions of ORP4L with ER–Golgi contact sites are involved in the maintenance of Golgi and TGN structure.
Local and global Cdc42 guanine nucleotide exchange factors for fission yeast cell polarity are coordinated by microtubules and the Tea1–Tea4–Pom1 axis
Authors: Tay Ye Dee , Leda Marcin , Goryachev Andrew B. , Sawin Kenneth E.
Published: June 2018

The conserved Rho-family GTPase Cdc42 plays a central role in eukaryotic cell polarity. The rod-shaped fission yeast Schizosaccharomyces pombe has two Cdc42 guanine nucleotide exchange factors (GEFs), Scd1 and Gef1, but little is known about how they are coordinated in polarized growth. Although the microtubule cytoskeleton is normally not required for polarity maintenance in fission yeast, we show here that when scd1 function is compromised, disruption of microtubules or the polarity landmark proteins Tea1, Tea4 or Pom1 leads to disruption of polarized growth. Instead, cells adopt an isotropic-like pattern of growth, which we term PORTLI growth. Surprisingly, PORTLI growth is caused by spatially inappropriate activity of Gef1. Although most Cdc42 GEFs are membrane associated, we find that Gef1 is a broadly distributed cytosolic protein rather than a membrane-associated protein at cell tips like Scd1. Microtubules and the Tea1–Tea4–Pom1 axis counteract inappropriate Gef1 activity by regulating the localization of the Cdc42 GTPase-activating protein Rga4. Our results suggest a new model of fission yeast cell polarity regulation, involving coordination of ‘local’ (Scd1) and ‘global’ (Gef1) Cdc42 GEFs via microtubules and microtubule-dependent polarity landmarks.
Fitness advantages conferred by the L20-interacting RNAcis-regulator of ribosomal protein synthesis inBacillus subtilis
Authors: Babina Arianne M. , Parker Darren J. , Li Gene-Wei , Meyer Michelle M.
Published: June 2018

In many bacteria, ribosomal proteins autogenously repress their own expression by interacting with RNA structures typically located in the 5′-UTRs of their mRNA transcripts. This regulation is necessary to maintain a balance between ribosomal proteins and rRNA to ensure proper ribosome production. Despite advances in noncoding RNA discovery and validation of RNA-protein regulatory interactions, the selective pressures that govern the formation and maintenance of such RNAcis-regulators in the context of an organism remain largely undetermined. To examine the impact disruptions to this regulation have on bacterial fitness, we introduced point mutations that abolish ribosomal protein binding and regulation into the RNA structure that controls expression of ribosomal proteins L20 and L35 within theBacillus subtilisgenome. Our studies indicate that removing this regulation results in reduced log phase growth, improper rRNA maturation, and the accumulation of a kinetically trapped or misassembled ribosomal particle at low temperatures, suggesting defects in ribosome synthesis. Such work emphasizes the important role regulatory RNAs play in the stoichiometric production of ribosomal components for proper ribosome composition and overall organism viability and reinforces the potential of targeting ribosomal protein production and ribosome assembly with novel antimicrobials.
The Utopization of Post-Industrial Project at Russian Social Psychology
Authors: Кальней Марина , Kalney Marina
Published: June 2018

The article considers the contradictions in the perception of the idea of a postindustrial society as an alternative to a utopian socialist project. It is pointed out that the main substantive features of post-industrial civilization are meaningfully close to the characteristic features of classical utopias. The need to take into account all the risks of such a perception of the civilizational model in the mass consciousness is especially noted.
Starstruck: How Hiring High-Status Employees Affects Incumbents’ Performance
Authors: Prato Matteo , Ferraro Fabrizio
Published: June 2018

This study investigates the effects of high-status inbound mobility on the performance of incumbents. Leveraging sociological theory on status, we suggest that high-status newcomers generate only limited knowledge spillovers compared to the resources they drain from incumbents. Building on this mechanism, we formulate our first hypothesis that hiring stars negatively affects incumbents’ performance. We argue that this effect is asymmetric across incumbents. Because high-status incumbents can better cope with the shock in the internal allocation of resources produced by high-status newcomers, we expect that they will experience a lower performance decline than low-status incumbents. We test our hypotheses by studying the change in recommendation profitability of incumbent securities analysts experiencing inbound mobility events in the period 1996–2007. Our results show that the higher the status of the hired analyst, as captured by the Institutional Investor ranking history, the greater the decline in the incumbent analyst’s recommendation profitability, and that this decline is moderated by the status of the incumbent analyst.
Made in Academia: The Effect of Institutional Origin on Inventors’ Attention to Science
Authors: Bikard Michaël
Published: June 2018

Inventors cannot exploit new scientific discoveries if they do not pay attention to them. However, allocating attention to science is difficult because the scientific literature is complex, vast, fast-changing, and often unreliable. Inventors are therefore likely to rely on informational cues when screening new publications. I posit that inventors pay significantly less attention to discoveries “made in academia” than to those “made in industry” because they believe that the work of academic scientists will be less useful to them. I test this proposition by examining inventors’ patent references to the scientific literature in the case of simultaneous discoveries made by at least one team based in academia and another based in industry. I find that inventors are 23% less likely to cite the academic paper than its “twin” from industry. My results highlight the importance of inventors’ attention as a previously underexplored bottleneck shaping the translation of science into new technologies.
(Im)possibilidades de Acesso à jurisdição do STF por Movimentos Sociais: Alguns fatores de limitação | Social movements (im)possibilities of accessing Brazil’s Supreme Court (STF) jurisdiction: Some limiting factors
Authors: Carvalho Cardinali Daniel
Published: June 2018

O objetivo do presente artigo é realizar uma análise crítica das possibilidades de acesso dos movimentos sociais à jurisdição constitucional do STF. Visando desconstruir uma ideia corrente de que o STF atuaria de forma aberta e democrática, legitimando-se como “representante argumentativo da sociedade”, serão apresentados certos fatores de limitação do acesso ao tribunal. Inicialmente, serão abordadas algumas restrições e problemas decorrentes da própria linguagem jurídica. Num segundo momento, será realizada uma análise do principal fator de limitação do acesso ao controle abstrato pela sociedade civil: a interpretação restritiva que o STF deu ao art. 103, IX da Constituição, explorando algumas consequências decorrentes desta interpretação. Após, serão analisados entraves relacionados ao controle concreto, com foco nas dificuldades e limitações dos instrumentos processuais brasileiros de tutela dos direitos fundamentais e nas deficiências da atuação do Ministério Público como possível substituto. Finalmente, serão expostas algumas dificuldades e problemáticas na forma como os institutos do amicus curiae e da audiência pública têm se materializado na práxis do STF, e que podem infirmar um discurso de ampla democratização e abertura do órgão.
O diferente é capaz de desconsertar e reconstruir: gênero nos/dos/com os cotidianos escolares
Authors: Cardoso Frederico Assis
Published: June 2018

O objetivo do artigo é refletir as relações de gênero no cotidiano de uma escola da rede estadual de Minas Gerais, a partir do contato com a rotina de uma turma de alunos/as do quarto ano do ensino fundamental, escolhida pela maneira como foi capaz de nos fazer mergulhar em estudos e diálogos com autores/as do campo das teorias pós-críticas. Produzido a partir da interseção entre os campo dos estudos de gênero e os estudos nos/dos/com os cotidianos escolares, o trabalho adotou como procedimento metodológico o tipo de pesquisa qualitativa cartográfica, privilegiando anotações de diário de campo e entrevistas.
O memorial de formação como estratégia de ensino e pesquisa
Authors: Nascimento Ladislau Ribeiro do
Published: June 2018

O presente artigo parte de uma experiência em que o memorial foi pensado como estratégia de ensino e pesquisa. O trabalho contou com a participação de acadêmicos do 9º período de um curso de Psicologia ofertado em uma instituição de ensino superior (IES) privada, situada na capital do estado de São Paulo. A atividade foi projetada para estimular nos estudantes a elaboração de reflexões e análises sobre suas trajetórias pessoal, acadêmica e profissional. Produziu-se um total de 53 memoriais, posteriormente submetidos à análise de conteúdo. Os resultados indicaram o potencial deste recurso para fomentar rememorações e ressignificações de experiências vivenciadas pelos participantes em diferentes contextos.
IMAGENS E SONS PARA ALÉM DAS ESCOLAS
Authors: Alves Nilda , Passos Mailsa Carla Pinto
Published: June 2018

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Endodontics or implants?
Authors: Fuller Jennifer , Briggs Peter , Bourne George
Published: June 2018

Abstract: When faced with a tooth that is failing due to pulpal or periapical infection, a difficult treatment planning decision must be made between retention of the tooth through endodontic treatment or extraction and potential replacement with a dental implant. Survival rates for these treatment modalities appear similar from the literature. This review article attempts to explore different factors that should be taken into consideration, in particular the available evidence, predictability and risks of treatment, patient centred-outcomes and cost-effectiveness of the different treatment options.

CPD/Clinical Relevance: This review article aims to provide an overview of the recent evidence and factors to consider, to aid in treatment planning decisions between endodontic treatment and dental implant replacement for a failing tooth.
Pedro Bohomoletz de Abreu Dallari
Authors: Berdugo Gómez De La Torre Ignacio
Published: June 2018

Entrevista realizada al Prof. Dr. Pedro Dallari (USP, Brasil), coordinador de la Comisión Nacional de la Verdad de Brasil.
El arraigo de presos extranjeros: más allá de un criterio limitador de la expulsión
Authors: García-España Elisa
Published: June 2018

La política del control de fronteras no solo condiciona, a juicio de los especialistas, la respuesta penal cuando el infractor es un extranjero, sino que también contamina la respuesta al extranjero en el ámbito penitenciario. Con ocasión de la reforma del Código penal (CP) de 2015 en donde se introduce el arraigo de la persona extranjera como elemento limitador de la expulsión en el artículo 89 CP, se reflexiona sobre la posibilidad de trabajar el arraigo de las personas extranjeras presas con una finalidad no solo limitadora de la expulsión penal y administrativa, sino también como factor de protección frente a la delincuencia. Se aportan ideas sobre el tratamiento y régimen penitenciarios orientados a la reinserción de los extranjeros condenados inexpulsables.
Clinical validation of S100B in the management of a mild traumatic brain injury: issues from an interventional cohort of 1449 adult patients
Authors: Allouchery Gautier , Moustafa Farès , Roubin Jean , Pereira Bruno , Schmidt Jeannot , Raconnat Julien , Pic Daniel , Sapin Vincent , Bouvier Damien
Published: June 2018

Background:

This study’s primary objective was to validate the routine use of S100B via a prospective study. The aim was a reduction of cranial computed tomography (CCT) scans by 30%. The secondary goal was to investigate the influence of age and associated risk factors on the reduction of CCT.

Methods:

S100B (sampling within 3 h postinjury) was used for patients with mild traumatic brain injury (mTBIs) presenting a medium risk of complications and requiring a CCT scan. Patients with negative S100B (S100B−) were discharged without a CCT scan.

Results:

Of the 1449 patients included in this study, 468 (32.3%) had S100B− with a sensitivity of 96.4% (95% CI: 87.5%–99.6%), a specificity of 33.4% (95% CI: 31%–36%) and a negative predictive value of 99.6% (95% CI: 98.5%–99.9%). No significant difference in serum levels or the S100B+ rate was observed if patients had retrograde amnesia (0.16 μg/L; 63.8%), loss of consciousness (0.13; 63.6%) or antiplatelet therapy (0.20; 77.9%). Significant differences were found between the S100B concentrations and S100B positivity rates in patients >65 years old and all the groups with patients <55 years old (18–25, 26–35, 36–45 and 46–55). From 18 to 65 years old (n=874), the specificity is 39.3% (95% CI: 36%–42.6%) compared to 18.7% (95% CI: 15.3%–22.3%) for patients >65 years old (n=504).

Conclusions:

The clinical use of S100B in mTBI management reduces the use of CCTs by approximately one-third; furthermore, the percentage of CCTs reduction is influenced by the age of the patient.
Sex Differences in Physical Capacities of German Bundesliga Soccer Players
Authors: Cardoso de Araújo Maithe , Baumgart Christian , Jansen Christian T. , Freiwald Jürgen , Hoppe Matthias W.
Published: June 2018

Cardoso de Araújo, M, Baumgart, C, Jansen, CT, Freiwald, J, and Hoppe, MW. Sex differences in physical capacities of German Bundesliga soccer players. J Strength Cond Res 34(8): 2329–2337, 2020—Sex differences in physical capacities of elite soccer players have received limited attention. Therefore, this study investigated sex differences in linear and nonlinear sprint, squat and countermovement jump, core endurance, as well as incremental and intermittent endurance capacities in German Bundesliga soccer players. A total of 76 field players (29 women) were tested for the mentioned anaerobic- and aerobic-related physical capacities in a noninterventional cross-sectional design. The largest sex differences were evident in the explosive- and intermittent endurance-related capacities, with women presenting largely to extremely largely lower values in sprints, jumps, and intermittent endurance (effect size [ES] ≥1.77, p < 0.01). The differences in the total core endurance, running velocity at 2 and 4 mmol·L−1 capillary blood lactate (v2 and v4), maximal heart rate (HR) (ES ≤ 0.72, p ≥ 0.06), and distance covered during the incremental endurance test (ES = 1.09, p = 0.01) were trivially to moderately lower for women. However, women had small to moderately higher ventral and dorsal core endurance (ES ≤ 0.69, p ≥ 0.07) and largely higher relative HR at the lactate thresholds (ES ≥ 1.54, p < 0.01). The individual data of female players showed more variability. Some individual data of women overlapped those of men, most evident in the total core endurance and v2. The findings indicate that there are sex differences in physical capacities according to the underlying amount of anaerobic and aerobic energy supply. The sex specificities should be considered to optimize training and testing procedures for soccer players.
Determination of Minimum Void Ratio of Crushed Rock Sand Using a Vibrating Table Test
Authors: Choo H. , Lim S. , Lee W.
Published: June 2018

The use of crushed rock sand in construction projects has recently increased. Because the crushed rock sand has not undergone any weathering processes, it has a higher breakage potential than that of natural sand. This experimental investigation aims at developing a reliable method for the determination of the minimum void ratio (emin) of crushed rock sand using a vibrating table test. The minimum void ratios of one natural sand (Toyoura sand) and five commercially available crushed sands were measured using both vibrating table and pluviation tests. Additionally, the vibrating table tests were repeatedly conducted on the same soil specimen to measure both the emin and relative breakage as a function of the number of retests. The results of this study demonstrate that a vibrating table test induces noticeable breakage of the tested crushed sands, regardless of the initial relative densities and operating frequencies of a vibrating table. Therefore, the extrapolating method, which determines the emin of the artificial sand as the y-intercept in the relation between emin and relative breakage, is suggested in this study, and the determined emin values using the suggested method are compared with the measured emin using pluviation tests.
It Takes a Village
Authors: Burroway Rebekah , Hargrove Andrew
Published: June 2018

Women's education is widely recognized as a key factor in improving well-being in developing countries. However, previous research rarely considers both the individual and contextual effects of education. As broad societal transformations take place, education may shape women's capacity to take advantage of better access to power and resources, resulting in a dispersion effect of expanded women's education on well-being. Combining multilevel modeling with spatial data techniques, this study investigates variation in child malnutrition in Nigeria based on a set of individual and community characteristics. Nigeria is an interesting development case study because it outperforms other lower middle-income countries in GDP per capita, yet lags behind in many indicators of well-being. Drawing on data from the Demographic and Health Surveys and the Global Administrative Areas database, the analysis pools data on 24,990 children across 458 communities. Results indicate that women's education has a robust association with malnutrition at the community level, even controlling for a variety of household characteristics. This suggests that education has a protective effect on child health not only because more individual women are going to school, but also because everyone benefits from the education and empowerment of women in the community.
The metabolic outcomes of growth hormone treatment in children are gender specific
Authors: Ciresi Alessandro , Radellini Stefano , Guarnotta Valentina , Mineo Maria Grazia , Giordano Carla
Published: June 2018

Objective

To evaluate the impact of gender on the clinical and metabolic parameters in prepubertal growth hormone deficiency (GHD) children at diagnosis and during GH treatment (GHT).

Design

The data of 105 prepubertal children (61 males, 44 females, mean age 6.8 ± 0.7 years) affected by idiopathic GHD were retrospectively evaluated.

Methods

Body height, BMI, waist circumference (WC), IGF-I, HbA1c, lipid profile, fasting and after-OGTT glucose and insulin levels, insulin sensitivity and secretion indices were evaluated at baseline and after 24 months of GHT.

Results

At baseline, no significant difference was found in all clinical, hormonal and metabolic parameters between males and females. After 24 months of GHT, both males and females showed a significant increase in height (both P < 0.001), BMI (both P < 0.001), WC (P < 0.001 and P = 0.004, respectively), IGF-I (both P < 0.001), fasting glucose (P < 0.001 and P = 0.001, respectively), fasting insulin (both P < 0.001) and Homa-IR (both P < 0.001), with a concomitant significant decrease in insulin sensitivity index (ISI) (both P < 0.001) and oral disposition index (DIo) (P = 0.001 and P < 0.001, respectively). At 24 months of GHT, females showed significantly higher BMI (P = 0.027), lower ISI (P < 0.001) and DIo (P < 0.001), in concomitance with a significant greater change from baseline to 24 months of BMI (P = 0.013), WC (P < 0.001), ISI (P = 0.002) and DIo (P = 0.072), although the latter does not reach statistical significance.

Conclusions

Twenty-four months of GHT in prepubertal children leads to different metabolic outcomes according to gender, with a greater reduction in insulin sensitivity in females, regardless of auxological and hormonal parameters. Therefore, prepubertal GHD females should probably need a more proper monitoring in clinical practice.
Princesas rojas: la memoria histórica revisitada en el discurso cinematográfico
Authors: Madriz Rojo Gabriel , Sáenz Leandro Ronald
Published: June 2018

Este artículo realiza un análisis político de cine para abordar algunos discursos presentes en la película costarricense Princesas rojas (2013), de la directora Laura Astorga, que permiten acceder a una mirada alternativa de la memoria histórica costarricense en cuanto a la participación de nacionales en el conflicto armado nicaragüense. A propósito, se identifica un primer discurso alternativo o de resistencia y un segundo dominante o hegemónico, de esto se concluye que los mismos configuran la disputa de dos visiones político-culturales distintas que separan las orientaciones familiares enmarcadas en un contexto ideológico de mayor envergadura.
Atrial Fibrillation Ablation in Patients with Heart Failure: One Size Does Not Fit All
Authors: Mukherjee Rahul K ,   King’ls College London, London, UK, Williams Steven E ,   King’ls College London, London, UK,   Guy’s and St Thomas’ NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK, O’Neill Mark D ,   King’ls College London, London, UK,   Guy’s and St Thomas’ NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK
Published: June 2018

Atrial fibrillation (AF) is common in patients with heart failure and is associated with poorer clinical outcomes compared with patients with heart failure alone. Recent evidence has challenged previous treatment paradigms in which rate control was considered equivalent to rhythm control in this population. Catheter ablation has emerged as a safe and effective treatment strategy in selected patients and overcomes the issues of limited efficacy and drug toxicities associated with pharmacological rhythm control. Numerous studies have explored the benefits of catheter ablation in patients with heart failure, but these have included heterogeneous patient cohorts and variable ablation strategies. This state-of-the-art review explores the evidence from these trials and examines the need for tailored, patient-specific strategies for AF ablation in patients with heart failure.
Pharmacological Therapy in Brugada Syndrome
Authors: Brodie Oholi Tovia ,   University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, USA,   Tel-Aviv Sourasky Medical Center, Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel-Aviv University, Tel-Aviv, Israel, Michowitz Yoav ,   Tel-Aviv Sourasky Medical Center, Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel-Aviv University, Tel-Aviv, Israel, Belhassen Bernard ,   Tel-Aviv Sourasky Medical Center, Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel-Aviv University, Tel-Aviv, Israel
Published: June 2018

Brugada syndrome (BrS) is a cardiac disease caused by an inherited ion channelopathy associated with a propensity to develop ventricular fibrillation. Implantable cardioverter defibrillator implantation is recommended in BrS, based on the clinical presentation in the presence of diagnostic ECG criteria. Implantable cardioverter defibrillator implantation is not always indicated or sufficient in BrS, and is associated with a high device complication rate. Pharmacological therapy aimed at rebalancing the membrane action potential can prevent arrhythmogenesis in BrS. Quinidine, a class 1A antiarrhythmic drug with significant Ito blocking properties, is the most extensively used drug for the prevention of arrhythmias in BrS. The present review provides contemporary data gathered on all drugs effective in the therapy of BrS, and on ineffective or contraindicated antiarrhythmic drugs.
Sudden Cardiac Death and Arrhythmias
Authors: Srinivasan Neil T ,   Barts Heart Centre, St Bartholomew’s Hospital, London, UK, Schilling Richard J ,   Barts Heart Centre, St Bartholomew’s Hospital, London, UK
Published: June 2018

Sudden cardiac death (SCD) and arrhythmia represent a major worldwide public health problem, accounting for 15–20 % of all deaths. Early resuscitation and defibrillation remains the key to survival, yet its implementation and the access to public defibrillators remains poor, resulting in overall poor survival to patients discharged from hospital. Novel approaches employing smart technology may provide the solution to this dilemma. Though the majority of cases are attributable to coronary artery disease, a thorough search for an underlying cause in cases where the diagnosis is unclear is necessary. This enables better management of arrhythmia recurrence and screening of family members. The majority of cases of SCD occur in patients who do not have traditional risk factors for arrhythmia. New and improved large scale screening tools are required to better predict risk in the wider population who represent the majority of cases of SCD.
Сибірка у тварин
Authors: Rublenko I.
Published: June 2018

Більшість досягнень людства – це відкриття, що пов’язані із вакцинопрофілактикою, завдяки чому були ліквідовані або зведені до мінімуму виникнення більшості антропозоонозів. Серед інфекцій, що становить небезпеку для тварин і людей, залишається сибірка, збудник якої зберігається у вогнищі захворювання понад 100 років. Збудник сибірки відноситься до мікроорганізмів третьої групи патогенності особливо небезпечних інфекцій (ОНІ) (за класифікацією ВООЗ). У сучасній термінології особливо небезпечними називають інфекційні хвороби, які в зв’язку з високою контагіозністю та блискавичним поширенням здатні спричинити надзвичайну ситуацію з фатальними наслідками. Метою статті було описати останні випадки захворювання на сибірку собак та овець. Наведені історичні факти спалахів сибірки, шляхи зараження, клінічні та патологоанатомічні зміни у тварин, серологічний моніторинг, схеми та дози проведення антибіотикотерапії. Подано обґрунтування щодо подальшого вивчення питання випадків діагностики і захворюваності на сибірку у тварин на території України. Таким чином, собаки та вівці можуть бути носіями збудника та забруднювати навколишнє середовище, виділяючи збудника з фекаліями, сечею, слиною тощо. Фахівці ветеринарної медицини повинні це знати і розуміти, проводити нагляд за супутньою фауною та вміти діагностувати сибірку і, за необхідності, проводити профілактичні заходи серед тварин. На території нашої держави діють ефективні протиепізоотичні заходи щодо сибірки, що забезпечило зменшення кількості неблагополучних пунктів на території країни в цілому, а також існує тенденція щодо зниження кількості спалахів сибірки тварин паралельно зі зменшенням кількості поголів'я тварин, сприйнятливих до сибірки, що, можливо, значно посприяє поліпшенню епізоотичної ситуації. Таким чином, виникненню та вивченню захворювання сибіркою приділяється велика увага, проте лише одним із питань, у якому людство перемагає, є зменшення кількості випадків загибелі як тварин, так і людей, а збудник, надалі посідає перше місце у списку небезпечних біоагентів.
Морфометрична характеристика органів універсального гемопоезу поросят у період постнатальної адаптації
Authors: Evert V.V. , Gavrilin P.M. , Lieshchova M.O.
Published: June 2018

Гемопоетичний кістковий мозок є органом універсального кровотворення та місцем антигеннезалежної проліферації і диференціації В-лімфоцитів у ссавців. Виконання кістковим мозком даної функції обумовлене специфічним стромальним мікрооточенням, зокрема його мінералізованою частиною. Ріст і розвиток кісткового мозку прямо залежить від процесів енхондрального остеогістогенезу, в процесі якого разом з формуванням губчастої кісткової тканини формується це специфічне тканинно-клітинне мікрооточення. Тому масштаби осифікації безпосередньо визначають остеогенний потенціал та гемопоетичну активність остебластичної та кровотворної форми кісткового мозку в скелеті загалом, та у кожній окремій кістці. Метою роботи було встановлення динаміки морфометричних показників кісток та відносної площі їх осередків окостеніння як місця локалізації кісткового мозку в період постнатальної адаптації поросят. Досліджено кісткові органи (грудина, 5-й грудний хребець, 5-а реберна кістка) клінічно здорових поросят 1-, 5-, 10-, 20-, 30-добового віку. Визначена вікова динаміка морфометричних параметрів досліджуваних органів і відносної площі осередків окостеніння на рентгенограмах деяких кісток осьового скелету поросят у період постнатальної адаптації. Встановлені особливості формування основних і додаткових центрів окостеніння як основи для розвитку кровотворних компонентів скелету. Абсолютна маса досліджуваних кісток з віком збільшується, а відносна зменшується, за винятком грудини. Визначено, що максимальну щільність на початку постнатального періоду онтогенезу у поросят має грудина, з віком даний показник має тенденцію до зростання. На початок періоду постнатальної адаптації поросят основні вогнища окостеніння мають усі досліджувані органи, а додаткові виявлені лише у 5-му грудному хребці (осередок окостеніння дуги). Серед основних осередків осифікації кісток добових поросят максимальну площу має 5 реберна кістка, мінімальну 3-й сегмент грудини, у 5-му грудному хребці відносна площа додаткового осередку у 4,6 раза перевищує площу основного. Динаміка відносної площі основних осередків окостеніння характеризувалася поступовим їх збільшенням і досягненням максимальних показників у 30-добовому віці, а додаткових, навпаки, зменшенням.
Різноманіття гельмінтофауни ссавців в умовах зоопарків
Authors: Gugosyan Yu.A. , Shendryk Ch.M. , Rymskii V.V.
Published: June 2018

Вивчення фауни паразитів, їхньої циркуляції в умовах біоценозів є важливим для систематичного прогнозування епізоотологічної ситуації щодо інвазійних хвороб на певних природно-географічних територіях. Дослідження різноманіття гельмінтів екзотичних зоопаркових ссавців дають змогу запобігти передачі збудників до свійських тварин та попередити розвиток зоонозних захворювань. Метою досліджень було встановити склад гельмінтофауни та рівень інвазованості ссавців різних видів в умовах зоопарків Дніпропетровської та Запорізької областей. Дослідження проведені у період з 2015 по 2017 р., всього обстежено 70 тварин представників ряду Carnivora, ряду Primates та надряду Ungulata. Діагностика гельмінтозів проведена копроскопічно із застосуванням методу МакМастера і кількісним підрахунком екземплярів яєць у 1 г фекалій. Відзначено переважне паразитування нематод шлунково-кишкового каналу: у хижих тварин підряду Ascaridata, у приматів – Trichurata та Rhabditata, у копитних – Strongylata та Trichurata. Середній показник екстенсивності гельмінтозної інвазії склав 82,86%, зокрема у ряді хижих тварин ЕІ – 88,24%, у приматів – 100%, у надряді копитних – 79,59%. Коливання ІІ у групі хижих тварин склали від 81,25 ± 6,29 до 175 ± 8,41 яєць/г, у приматів – 62,5 ± 5,59 – 125 ± 11,18 яєць/г, у копитних – 37,5 ± 5,59 – 316,67 ± 58,27 яєць/г. Більшість ідентифікованих представників є геогельмінтами, із біогельмінтів у хижаків виявлено – Dirofilaria immitis, а у копитних – Dicrocoelium lanceatum. Найбільш поширені моноінвазії – 58,62%, рідше зафіксовано наявність гельмінтів у вигляді дво- (29,31%), три- (8,62%) та чотирикомпонентних (3,45%) мікстінвазій. Встановлено метричні параметри яєць гельмінтів Baylisascaris sp., Toxocara sp., Toxascaris leoninа, Trichuris trichiura, Trichuris sp., Capillaria sp., Ancylostoma sp., Nematodirus sp., отриманих від екзотичних видів тварин. Вперше отримано дані щодо інвазованості тварин та різноманіття гельмінтофауни ссавців в умовах зоопарків Дніпропетровської та Запорізької областей. Результати досліджень є підґрунтям для проведення лікувально-профілактичних заходів, щодо інвазійних хвороб.
Гістологічна характеристика сім’яників півнів за впливу кормової добавки «Єселцин»
Authors: Prutas S.S. , Kotsyumbas H.I. , Khmil E.P.
Published: June 2018

У статті подано результати гістологічних досліджень правобічного і лівобічного сім’яників півнів за впливу кормової добавки «Єсельцин». Виробничі випробування водорозчинної суспензії «Єселцин» проводили у віварії на 24 півнях яєчної породи ЛОМАН ЛСЛ КЛАСІК віком 120 діб. Для цього поголів’я було розділено на дві групи: контрольну та дослідну (n = 12). Півням дослідної групи, через питну воду, щоденно впродовж 7-ми діб задавали експериментальну добавку. Через три тижні після закінченню курсу, по 7 півнів з кожної групи виводили з експерименту, проводили розтин і відбирали правобічні та лівобічні сім’яники, їх зважували, визначали абсолютну масу, відбирали взірці, які фіксували в 10% водному розчині нейтрального формаліну, зневоднювали у спиртах і заливали в парафін. Виготовляли гістологічні зрізи і фарбували гематоксиліном та еозином. Готові гістопрепарати розглядали під світловим мікроскопом Leica DM-2500 (Switzerland), фотографували фотокамерою Leica DFC450C. Виявлені показники збільшення середньої абсолютної маси сім’яників півнів дослідної групи узгоджуються із отриманими результатами мікроструктурних досліджень. Мікроструктурно встановлено, що випоювання півням 120-добового віку водорозчинної суспензії, що містила вітамін Е та цитрати селену й цинку протягом 7 діб сприяло зростанню кількості клітин Лейдіга, сперматоцитів ІІ-го порядку та сперматидів у заглибленнях протоплазми сустентоцитів (клітин Сертолі), що позитивно відобразились  на репродуктивній функції самців. Отримані результати досліджень показали, що випоювання півням 120-добового віку водорозчинної суспензії «Єселцин» сприяє вищій фертильності спермопродукції півнів, що відобразиться на поліпшенні виводимості племінних яєць і отриманні курчат з високою життєздатністю.
Development of apiculture in the Zhytomyr region
Authors: Kryvda М.І.
Published: June 2018

Ukraine is compelling in looking for ways for its agriculture products in new markets, like European or Asian, in today's realities. One of the agriculture branches, which is promising in looking for new markets, is considered beekeeping. This industry provides high-quality, nutritious, biologically active products and also allows to enter Ukrainian farmers in the international markets. Beekeeping is not only the direction of agricultural industry, but long time respected industry. UN organization says that beekeeping can be a key element to problem solving the global food crisis. Honey is a product that is one of the first to enter the level of trade relations. Currently, the global honey market is considered not only as maximal globalized as possible, but also one, wich often suffers to falsifications, therefore the control of the quality and safety of beekeeping products is the key to the success of the aforementioned industry. The purpose of this article was to analyze the development of beekeeping in the Zhytomyr region. Zhytomyr region, in some its areas, can make the honey production like a business card. The studying and comparison of information about beekeeping development was carried out in the context of the districts on the basis of statistical data from the Main Directorate of Veterinary Medicine of the State Service of Ukraine for Food Safety and Consumer Protection in the Zhytomyr region. In the article presented the analysis of the information about the number of apiaries and the number of api-families, which was registered in the different districts of the Zhytomyr region. The vast majority of the apiaries are privately owned in Zhytomyr region. Only less than 1% percent of the apiaries are in the public sector. This case is complicating the quality control of products. We estimated the middle size of the apiary. These intents were based on the number of the bee-families and numerous of bee-gardens in the regions of the Zhytomyr region. The percentage of apiaries certification was determined, which was a marker of quality and safety of the beekeeping products held in these farms. This index reaches 100% in some regions. Laboratory tests of detecting bee-diseases showed predominantly a positive epizootic situation in regional bee-farms.
Effectiveness of the use of sanifying set «SanStim» for disinfection eggs before incubation
Authors: Fotina T.I. , Fotina H.A. , Kovalenko I. V.
Published: June 2018

The most vulnerable place in poultry farms is incubation, microorganisms are able to survive the entire period of incubation and penetrate through the eggshell, to be the source of infection with embryos, to affect the reduction of the percentage of conditional young birds, growth and development in the early days of cultivation. The accumulated pathogenic microflora negatively affects the state of the immune system of the bird. Contaminated with conditionally pathogenic and pathogenic microflora egg is the main link in the transmission of all bacterial infections. In Ukraine, for the pre-incubation treatment of eggs, sodium hydroxide, formalin, chloramine, persicum C. are used. These agents exhibit bactericidal properties, but are toxic, have corrosive activity and are carcinogens. The «SunTime» kit consists of polyhexamethylene guanidine hydrochloride and a mixture of organic acid salts (lemon, amber, and apple). These substances provide an effective bactericidal action against a wide range of bacteria, are safe for poultry embryos and personnel, have a stimulating effect on the growth and development of the embryo, provide a prolonged bactericidal action. The purpose of the study of the effectiveness of a complex ecologically safe sanitizers set «SunSim», its application for pre-incubation processing of chicken eggs. In experimental studies, two groups were formed, each with n = 250. In order to disinfect the surface of the shell of the incubation egg, two times aerosol treatment of the experimental group using 0.3% of SunStim was carried out, the first time the sanitation of the incubation eggs was carried out before the laying on the incubation cabinet, the exposure was 40 minutes, the second final treatment was carried out on the 18th day of incubation, to extract, a working solution of organic acids (amber, lemon and apple) to stimulate embryonic viability and increase the natural resistance of the embryos. For the control group, formalin was used. After two times of the sanation of the incubation eggs with the SunStim set, the percentage of decontamination of the shell surface of the incubation eggs was 99.1 ± 0.5%. While analyzing the results of the incubation waste category of «dead and drowning» by 3,6% less compared with the control, and the category of «crippled» was not observed. The use of the SunStim set improves the quality of surface treatment of the shell of incubation eggs, increases the incubation eggs output by 4.5-5.0%, the average body weight of the received young animals in experimental groups exceeds control by 4%.