bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Epidemiological Distribution of Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) among Residents of Port Harcourt Metropolis in Rivers State Nigeria
Authors: Nwalozie Rhoda , Kareem Jubril Adeyinka , Ikpo Precious Etinosa
Published: May 2024

Background: Human Immunodeficiency Virus is a lentivirus, a member of Retroviridae family that causes Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndrome. Globally, it was estimated that about 0.7% adult, aged 15- 49 years are living with HIV, with a prevalence of about 1.4% in Nigeria. However, a challenge lies in the insufficient and unreliable data present in much of the epidemiological research conducted in various countries and states. Therefore, this study aims to tackle this issue by focusing on gathering comprehensive demographic data and examining the distribution's impact of HIV among the subjects.
Aim: To examine the Epidemiological Distribution of HIV among Residents of Port Harcourt Metropolis in Rivers State, Nigeria.
Methodology: A cross-sectional study was conducted in the Port Harcourt metropolis, involving adult participants aged 20 years and above selected by simple randomized method among outpatients attending the Rivers State University Teaching Hospital, Port Harcourt. A total of 392 individuals provided consent and were recruited at the hospital. The study investigated variables such as age, gender, marital status, education level and occupation. Samples were collected and examined using the ELISA method under aseptic conditions. Statistical analysis was performed using SPSS version 28, including the calculation of Mann-Whitney U and Kruskal-Wallis test values.
Results: The overall study revealed a prevalence of 1.02%, with only 4 individuals testing positive. Participants were grouped based on various demographics: age (P= .503), gender (P= .142), educational levels (P= .028), marital status (P= .000), and occupation (P= .733), with corresponding p-values indicating significance levels (P<0.05=Significant, P>0.05=Not Significant). Two demographic categories showed statistical significance: marital status, with higher prevalence among singles than married individuals, and educational level, with higher prevalence among those with no formal education.
Conclusion: This study showed low HIV prevalence in Port Harcourt. Marital and educational demographics impacted infection distribution such that married, single, and formal education level increases HIV risk. Health education, community HIV testing, consistent monitoring, and regular data updates are strongly advised as crucial measures in the fight against HIV infection.
Does Curarisation before Hand Improve Ventilation by Face Mask? A Prospective Randomised Study
Authors: Benakrout Aziz , Meziane Mohamed , Jaafari Abdelhamid , Doghmi Nawfal , Bensghir Mustapha , Balkhi Hicham
Published: May 2024

Prior verification of the efficiency of face mask ventilation before curarisation is most often dogmatic. It is often considered a safety factor. The main aim of our study was to investigate the effect of prior curarisation on face mask ventilation conditions.
Materials and methods: A prospective, randomised, double-blind study was carried out in the operating theatre of the Mohammed V military training hospital in Rabat. The inclusion criteria were: patients aged over 18 years, with an American Society of Anesthesiologists (ASA) I and II score, scheduled for surgery under general anaesthesia and requiring tracheal intubation. Exclusion criteria were: the presence of gastro-oesophageal reflux, the need for rapid sequence induction, the presence of criteria for face mask ventilation or difficult intubation and the need for vigorous intubation. The patients included were randomised into two groups : the rocuronium group, in whom curarisation with rocuronium prior to verification of the efficacy of VMF was performed, and the control group, in whom an equal volume of 0.9% saline was administered.  Improvement in face mask ventilation was our primary endpoint. It was assessed using the HAN face mask ventilation difficulty score and tele-expiratory volume (TEV) during mask ventilation manoeuvres.
Results : A significant improvement in the Han score was noted at 2 min after administration of rocuronium (1.40 ± 0.50 vs 2 min : 1.17 ± 0.38, p=0.017). There was also a significant improvement in TEV at 1 min (117.9 ± 41.41 vs 289.33 ± 78.63, p=0.004) and at 2 min after early curarisation (167.57 ± 59.7 vs 388.67 ± 38.85, p=0.008).
Conclusion : Prior curarisation improves face mask ventilation in patients with an easy planned airway. Several studies with different methodologies found similar results.
Economic Effect of Custom Hiring Centres on Paddy (Oryza sativa) Cultivation in Haryana, India
Authors: Rawal Sagar , Dhillon Ashok , Bishnoi Dalip Kumar , Kumar Raj , Panday Raj Ratan , Kumar Mandeep
Published: May 2024

To compare the economics and efficiency of resource use in paddy cultivation when using machinery hired from government-sponsored Custom Hiring Centres (CHCs) vis-à-vis private farm machinery providers. The study was carried out in the Kurukshetra district of Haryana during the agricultural year 2020-21. Selection of district was done based on the highest percentage change in farm power availability since the beginning of the Sub Mission on Agricultural Mechanization (SMAM). The data for the investigation were gathered from 80 paddy farmers (40 hiring farm machinery from the private farm machinery providers and 40 from the CHCs). The farmers who hired the machines from CHCs found 10.52 per cent reduction in the paddy operational costs when compared to the farmers who hired machinery from the private farm machine providers.  Furthermore, the net returns of the farmers who hired from the CHCs were approximately 27.06 percent higher. In case of the resource use efficiency, machine labour was discovered to be the most efficiently utilised resource under CHCs. In comparison to the private farm machinery providers, the study found that the CHCs help to improve returns and efficiency of utilisation of the farm machinery as a resource.
Numerical Comparison of Cu and Al\(_2\) O\(_3\) Nanoparticles in an MHD Water-based Nanofluid
Authors: Rutto Celestine Chepkemoi , Chepkwony Isaac , Oke Abayomi Samuel
Published: May 2024

In this study, the impact of Cu and Al2O3 nanoparticles in a water-based nanofluid are considered. The application of this can be found in biomedical sensors and drug delivery. Specifically, it investigates heat transfer in the MHD flow of two nanofluids (Cu-water and Al2O3-water) over an exponentially stretching surface. The study formulates a model and renders it dimensionless using Similarity Transformation. Numerical solutions are obtained using the MATLAB package bvp4c. The focus is on analysing the heat transfer rate variation with nanoparticle volume fraction. Results indicate that Cu-water nanofluid exhibits higher heat transfer rates and lower skin frictions compared to Al2O3-water nanofluid.
A Critical Appraisal of Integrity Clubs in Bhutan
Authors: Phuntsho Tenzin , Gyeltshen Kinzang
Published: May 2024

This study delves into the values of youth, highlighting its importance in influencing ethical behaviors and principles. It emphasizes the importance of anti-corruption programs in spreading the values, especially among Bhutanese youth. The Anti-Corruption Commission (ACC) and the Ministry of Education and Skill Development (MoESD) instituted school integrity clubs in 2017 to promote ethical behaviors, knowledge-sharing, and participation in fighting corruption. The study utilizes Youth Integrity Assessment (YIA) 2022 data, which includes 130 Integrity Club (IC) members and 179 non-IC members. The study aims to evaluate the impact of IC on the values of youth. Welch's t-test was utilized to compare the values of IC members with non-IC members. The results indicate a positive impact on the values of youth, highlighting the significance of implementing integrity clubs in schools/institutes. Furthermore, the correlation between the variables shows a positive relationship. This study suggests that the ACC and MoESD should cascade this initiative to other schools or institutes.
A Review on Efficacy Effect of Newer Insecticides and Biopesticides against Brinjal Fruit and Shoot Borer (Leucinodes orbonalis) Guenee
Authors: Mahala Abhishek , Yadav Usha
Published: May 2024

Eggplant (Solanum melongena) holds significant importance as a vegetable in regions characterized by hot and wet climates. Brinjal plants face infestations from 26 insect pests and several non-insect species, with the brinjal shoot and fruit borer (Leucinodes orbonalis Guenee) standing out as a primary threat. This pest poses a significant challenge, causing crop damage year-round. Yield losses attributable to this pest range from 70 to 92 percent. This scenario has presented a challenge for farmers engaged in the commercial cultivation of brinjal. Upon reviewing research papers, it was discovered that newer insecticides and biopesticides exhibited notable superiority. Spinosad 45SC emerged as the top performer, followed by Indoxacarb 14.5SC and Emamectin benzoate 0.5SG.
Assessment of structural lesions in sacroiliac joints enhances diagnostic utility of magnetic resonance imaging in early spondylarthritis
Authors: Weber Ulrich , Lambert Robert G. W. , Pedersen Susanne J. , Hodler Juerg , Østergaard Mikkel , Maksymowych Walter P.
Published: July 2010

Objective

To compare the diagnostic utility of T1‐weighted and STIR magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) sequences in early spondylarthritis (SpA) using a standardized approach to the evaluation of sacroiliac (SI) joints, and to test whether systematic calibration of readers directed at recognition of abnormalities on T1‐weighted MRI would enhance diagnostic utility.

Methods

Six readers independently assessed T1‐weighted and STIR MRI scans of the SI joints from 187 subjects: 75 ankylosing spondylitis (AS) and 27 preradiographic inflammatory back pain (IBP) patients, and 26 mechanical back pain and 59 healthy volunteer controls ages ≤45 years. The exercise was repeated 6 months later on a random selection of 30 AS patients and 34 controls after calibration directed at lesions visible on T1‐weighted MRI. Specific MRI lesions were recorded according to standardized definitions. In addition to deciding on the presence/absence of SpA, readers were asked which MRI sequence and which type of lesion was the primary basis for their diagnostic conclusion.

Results

Structural lesions were detected in 98% of AS patients and 64% of IBP patients. A diagnosis of SpA was based on T1‐weighted or combined T1‐weighted/STIR sequences in 82% of AS patients and 41% of IBP patients. Calibration enhanced the diagnostic utility of MRI in the majority of readers, especially those considered less experienced; the mean positive and negative likelihood ratios (of 6 readers) were 14.5 and 0.08 precalibration, respectively, and 22.2 and 0.02 postcalibration, respectively.

Conclusion

Recognition of structural lesions on T1‐weighted MRI contributes significantly to its diagnostic utility in early SpA. Rheumatologist training directed at detection of lesions visible on T1‐weighted MRI enhances diagnostic utility.
A simple postsulfonation of poly(arylene ether sulfone) Radel® R
Authors: Srithong Sorotsiri , Jiraratananon Ratana , Hansupalak Nanthiya
Published: July 2010

Commercially available Radel® R, a poorly acid resistant biphenol‐based poly(arylene ether sulfone), was successfully sulfonated by a simple and rapid postsulfonation reaction using oleum as the sulfonating agent. Polymer degradation due to contact with acid could easily be minimized by adjusting reaction conditions. The suitable reaction conditions, when the 1 : 3 molar ratio of the polymer to the sulfonating agent was used, were: 10% of oleum in chloroform, 10% concentration of Radel® R in chloroform, and temperature between 0 and 50°C. Under these conditions, the reaction was complete within 45 min. Thermal properties, degradation characteristics and the viscosity of the postsulfonated polymer are reported. © 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2011
Determination of sulfate ester content in sulfated oligo‐ and poly‐saccharides by capillary electrophoresis with indirect UV detection
Authors: Kinoshita Mitsuhiro , Kakoi Naotaka , Matsuno Yu‐ki , Hayakawa Takao , Kakehi Kazuaki
Published: July 2010

Carbohydrates having sulfate groups such as glycosaminoglycans and chemically synthesized sucrose sulfate show interesting and important biological activities. We adapted CE with indirect UV detection technique to the determination of sulfate ester in sulfated carbohydrates, which were previously hydrolyzed with HCl. The liberated sulfate ion was analyzed using a background electrolyte consisting of triethanolamine‐buffered chromate with hexamethonium bromide. Sulfate contents of glucose 3‐sulfate and sucrose octasulfate used as a model were in good agreement with theoretical values (accuracy, 95.9–96.7 and 97.4–101.9%, respectively), and relative standard deviation values run‐to‐run were 0.977 and 1.90%, respectively. We applied the method to the determination of the sulfate contents of some glycosaminoglycan samples and showed that the contents were in good agreement with those calculated from sulfur content. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
A simple chromatographic method for determining norfloxacin and enoxacin in pharmacokinetic study assessing CYP1A2 inhibition
Authors: Kobayashi Toshimi , Homma Masato , Momo Kenji , Kobayashi Daisuke , Kohda Yukinao
Published: July 2010

We developed a simple assay method for the determination of serum and urine norfloxacin and enoxacin using reversed‐phase high‐performance liquid chromatography and perchloric acid precipitation for sample pre‐treatment. Optimized conditions can permit detection of norfloxacin and enoxacin in the same chromatogram, so either compound can be used as an internal standard for another determinant. Supernatants of the precipitated samples were analyzed by the octadecylsilyl silica‐gel column under ambient temperature and an ultraviolet wavelength of 272 nm. A mobile phase solvent consisting of 20 mm sodium dihydrogenphosphate (pH 3.0) and acetonitrile (85:15, v/v) was pumped at a flow rate of 1.0 mL/min. The calibration curves for norfloxacin and enoxacin at a concentration of 62.5–1000 ng/mL for serum and 250–4000 ng/mL for urine were linear (r > 0.9997). The recoveries of norfloxacin and enoxacin from serum and urine were >94% with the coefficient of variations (CV) <5%. The CVs for intra‐ and inter‐day assay of norfloxacin and enoxacin were <4.2 and <5.5%, respectively. This method can be applied to the pharmacokinetic study of norfloxacin and enoxacin after repeated administration to assess changes in CYP1A2 activity in healthy subjects. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
ChemInform Abstract: Structural and Conductivity Studies of Y10‐xLaxW2O21.
Authors: Lashtabeg Anna , Bradley John , Dicks Andrew , Auchterlonie Graeme , Drennan John
Published: July 2010

The Y10‐xLaxW2O21 (x = 0—10) solid solution series is characterized by synchrotron XRD, TEM, and conductivity measurements.
ChemInform Abstract: Isolated ∞1[ZnPn2]4‐ Chains in the Zintl Phases Ba2ZnPn2 (Pn: As, Sb, Bi)—Synthesis, Structure, and Bonding.
Authors: Saparov Bayrammurad , Bobev Svilen
Published: July 2010

The three new title compounds are prepared by reaction of stoichiometric mixtures of the elements in a Pb flux (900—960 °C, 20 h, ≈100% yield).
ChemInform Abstract: Enantioselective Polyene Cyclization via Organo‐SOMO Catalysis.
Authors: Rendler Sebastian , MacMillan David W. C.
Published: July 2010

The first organocatalytic enantioselective radical polycyclization using SOMO catalysis is accomplished.
ChemInform Abstract: Broensted Acid‐Catalyzed Cascade Cycloisomerization of Enynes via Acetylene Cations and sp3‐Hybridized C—H Bond Activation.
Authors: Jin Tienan , Himuro Masafumi , Yamamoto Yoshinori
Published: July 2010

Starting materials (I),(III), and (V) are accompanied by minor amounts of the corresponding isomers possessing an exocyclic double bond.
ChemInform Abstract: Facile Oxidative Hydrolysis of Acetals to Esters Using Hypervalent Iodine(III)/LiBr Combination in Water.
Authors: Panchan Waraporn , Chiampanichayakul Supanimit , Snyder Deanna L. , Yodbuntung Siriporn , Pohmakotr Manat , Reutrakul Vichai , Jaipetch Thaworn , Kuhakarn Chutima
Published: July 2010

The reaction is general for the cyclic and noncyclic acetals, tolerating a wide range of aromatic and aliphatic substituents.
ChemInform Abstract: Chemo‐, Regio‐, and Stereoselective Synthesis of syn‐Aryl Glycol Monoesters from Aryl Olefins with Hydrogen Peroxide Catalyzed by RuCl3.
Authors: Zhang Yanqiao , Chu Guobiao , Cui Xiaoxue , Han Zhijie , Dou Daoke , Chen Yuanli , Yu Xiaosong , Li Chunbao
Published: July 2010

In the presence of aliphatic C—C double bonds, the aryl double bonds are selectively dioxygenated.
ChemInform Abstract: α‐Fluoroalkylation of Carbonyl Compounds Mediated by a Highly Reactive Alkyl‐Rhodium Complex.
Authors: Sato Kazuyuki , Yamazoe Satoshi , Akashi Yukiko , Hamano Tetsuya , Miyamoto Arisa , Sugiyama Shuhei , Tarui Atsushi , Omote Masaaki , Kumadaki Itsumaro , Ando Akira
Published: July 2010

Silyl enol ethers of various carbonyl compounds are treated with diethylzinc and fluoroalkyl halides to afford the corresponding α‐fluoroalkylated carbonyl compounds.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis of the 1,2‐anti Type of 3E‐Alkene‐1,2,5‐triol Derivatives.
Authors: Kobayashi Yuichi , Takeuchi Akira , Hattori Hatsuhiko
Published: July 2010

An efficient method to obtain 3E‐alkene‐1,2,5‐triol derivatives with 1,2‐anti stereoselectivity from the corresponding 2Z,4E‐alkadienyl alcohols, which are synthesized by Ni‐catalyzed coupling reaction between lithium 1E‐alkenyl borates and 1‐halo‐1Z‐alken‐3‐ols such as (IX), is described.
ChemInform Abstract: An Alternative CuCl—Piperidine‐Catalyzed Oxidative Homocoupling of Terminal Alkynes Affording 1,3‐Diynes in Air.
Authors: Zheng Qingwei , Hua Ruimao , Wan Youzhi
Published: July 2010

Oxidative homocoupling of terminal alkynes can be carried out under air in the presence of CuCl—piperidine catalyst to give 1,3‐diynes (II), (IV) in high to excellent yields.
ChemInform Abstract: Rhodium(NHC)‐Catalyzed Amination of Aryl Bromides.
Authors: Kim Min , Chang Sukbok
Published: July 2010

The active species of the ruthenium catalyst is generated in situ by mixing Ru(cod)2BF4 and IPr·HCl.
ChemInform Abstract: Tributyltin Hydride in NMP‐Promoted Reduction of Acid Chlorides to Aldehydes under Transition‐Metal‐Free Conditions.
Authors: Le Menez Patrick , Hamze Abdallah , Provot Olivier , Brion Jean‐Daniel , Alami Mouad
Published: July 2010

A simple and general procedure uses Bu3SnH in NMP for the partial reduction of the acid chloride substrates.
ChemInform Abstract: Catalytic Asymmetric Addition of Arylboronic Acids to N‐Boc Imines Generated in situ Using C2‐Symmetric Cationic N‐Heterocyclic Carbenes (NHCs) Pd2+ Diaquo Complexes.
Authors: Liu Zhen , Shi Min
Published: July 2010

The reaction tolerates a variety of aromatic and heteroaromatic substituents on α‐carbamoyl sulfones and boronic acis.
ChemInform Abstract: Development and Assessment of Green Synthesis of Hydrazides.
Authors: Saha Ajoy , Kumar Rajesh , Kumar Rajendra , Devakumar C.
Published: July 2010

An expeditious, solvent free one‐pot method for the preparation of hydrazines (II) directly from the corresponding acids under microwave irradiation is developed.
ChemInform Abstract: Oxidative Esterification of Aldehydes with Alcohols and Phenols in Air.
Authors: Cheng Shuanghua , Chen Jiuxi , Gao Wenxia , Jin Huile , Ding Jinchang , Wu Huayue
Published: July 2010

A new, metal‐free methodology for the oxidative esterification of aldehydes is developed.
ChemInform Abstract: Homocoupling of Arylboronic Acids and Potassium Aryltrifluoroborates Catalyzed by Protein‐Stabilized Palladium Nanoparticles under Air in Water.
Authors: Prastaro Alessandro , Ceci Pierpaolo , Chiancone Emilia , Boffi Alberto , Fabrizi Giancarlo , Cacchi Sandro
Published: July 2010

The palladium nanoparticles are stabilized primarily within the protein cavity of a highly thermostable Dps protein from the thermophilic bacterium Thermosynechoccus elongatus.
ChemInform Abstract: Convenient Stille Carbonylative Cross‐Couplings Using Molybdenum Hexacarbonyl.
Authors: Lindh Jonas , Fardost Ashkan , Almeida Maria , Nilsson Peter
Published: July 2010

The synthetically flexible protocol employs a solid CO source.
ChemInform Abstract: A Convenient Phosphoryloxylactonization of Pentenoic Acids with Catalytic Hypervalent Iodine(III) Reagent.
Authors: Zhou Zhong‐Shi , He Xue‐Han
Published: July 2010

Optimized conditions including iodobenzene as the catalyst in combination with MCPBA as the terminal oxidant allow the preparation of various title compounds.
ChemInform Abstract: Organocatalytic Asymmetric Diels—Alder Reaction of Furan under High Pressure.
Authors: Mimoto Akiko , Nakano Keiji , Ichikawa Yoshiyasu , Kotsuki Hiyoshizo
Published: July 2010

The combined use of high pressure and organocatalysis promotes the title reaction.
ChemInform Abstract: Catalytic Atom‐Transfer Radical Cyclization by Copper/Bipyridine Species Encapsulated in Polysiloxane Gel.
Authors: Motoyama Yukihiro , Kamo Kazuyuki , Yuasa Akihiro , Nagashima Hideo
Published: July 2010

A novel polysiloxane gel encapsulating CuCl(bipy) is prepared and successfully applied in the radical cyclization reaction of halogenated acetamide derivatives.
ChemInform Abstract: Imidazolethiones: Novel and Efficient Organocatalysts for Asymmetric Friedel—Crafts Alkylation.
Authors: Liang Xianrui , Fan Jiaoyang , Shi Fei , Su Weike
Published: July 2010

The TFA salts IDT and IDC are synthesized and successfully employed in the reaction of pyrroles with α,β‐unsaturated aldehydes.
ChemInform Abstract: Regioselective Amination of 3‐Bromoindolylmaleimide with Amines.
Authors: Jiang Di‐Fa , Yang Yan‐Wu , Shao Zhi‐Yu , Zhao Sheng‐Yin
Published: July 2010

Title compounds (I) are subjected to the regioselective amination with amines (II) to provide maleimide derivatives (III) or (IV) depending on the amount of (II) and the conditions used.
ChemInform Abstract: One‐Pot Approach for the Stereoselective Synthesis of Spirocyclopropyl Oxindoles from Isatins and Arsonium Salts.
Authors: Yu Haigang , Liu Ying , Zhang Hui , Chen Jie , Deng Hongmei , Shao Min , Ren Zhongjiao , Cao Weiguo
Published: July 2010

The trans‐products are obtained in high yields under mild conditions.
ChemInform Abstract: Tricyclic‐Isoxazolidine Analogues via Intramolecular 1,3‐Dipolar Cycloaddition Reactions of Nitrones.
Authors: Saubern Simon , Macdonald James M. , Ryan John H. , Woodgate Ruth C. J. , Louie Theola S. , Fuchter Matthew J. , White Jonathan M. , Holmes Andrew B.
Published: July 2010

The process is applied to the preparation of a variety of isoxazolidines.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis of Triazolo Indazolones Using 3D Mesoporous Aluminosilicate Catalyst with Nanocage Structure.
Authors: Chari M. Adharvana , Karthikeyan G. , Pandurangan A. , Naidu T. Siddulu , Sathyaseelan B. , Zaidi S. M. Javaid , Vinu A.
Published: July 2010

The three‐component cyclocondensation affords the biologically important heterocyclic skeleton in good to excellent yields.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis of Pyrazolopyridine 3‐Carboxylates by Friedlaender Condensation.
Authors: Toche Raghunath B. , Bhavsar Dinesh C. , Kazi Muddassar A. , Bagul Sandeep M. , Jachak Madhukar N.
Published: July 2010

The 5‐amino‐4‐formyl pyrazole (IV) is utilized as key intermediate for the synthesis of a series of fused heterocycles.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis of (Purin‐6‐yl)methylphosphonate Bases and Nucleosides.
Authors: Hasnik Zbynek , Pohl Radek , Hocek Michal
Published: July 2010

Michaelis—Becker reaction of the mesylate (II) and Pd‐catalyzed cross‐coupling of 6‐iodopurines (IV) with zinc iodide derived from (V) offer efficient approaches to (purin‐6‐yl)methylphosphonates.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis of a Versatile 2 (1H)‐Pyrazinone Core for the Preparation of Tissue Factor‐Factor VIIa Inhibitors.
Authors: Jones Darin E. , South Michael S.
Published: July 2010

A general method for the preparation of the target compounds (VII), consisting of the selective hydrolysis and N‐alkylation as key steps, is developed.
ChemInform Abstract: A Novel Three‐Component One‐Pot Reaction Involving β‐Naphthol, Aldehydes, and Urea Promoted by TMSCl/NaI.
Authors: Sabitha Gowravaram , Arundhathi K. , Sudhakar K. , Sastry B. S. , Yadav J. S.
Published: July 2010

A novel multicomponent one‐pot reaction to 1,2‐dihydro‐1‐arylnaphtho[1,2‐e][1,3]oxazin‐3‐one derivatives (IV) is presented.
ChemInform Abstract: An Efficient One‐Pot Three Component Synthesis of 1,2‐Dihydro‐1‐arylnaphtho[1,2‐e][1,3]oxazine‐3‐ones Using Montmorillonite K10 under Solvent Free Conditions.
Authors: Kantevari Srinivas , Vuppalapati Srinivasu V. N. , Bantu Rajashaker , Nagarapu Lingaiah
Published: July 2010

The known heterocyclic system (IV) is obtained employing a three‐component, one‐pot procedure in the presence of montmorillonite K10 clay as Lewis acid.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis of Polyazamacrocycles Comprising 6,6′‐Diamino‐2,2′‐bipyridine Moieties via Pd‐Catalyzed Amination.
Authors: Averin Alexei D. , Uglov Alexei N. , Buryak Alexei K. , Bessmertnykh Alla G. , Guilard Roger , Beletskaya Irina P.
Published: July 2010

A new family of macrocyclic ligands incorporating one or two fluorescent diaminobipyridine moieties is synthesized by the Buchwald—Hartwig amination reaction.
ChemInform Abstract: Acridone Alkaloids and Coumarins from the Stem Bark of Citropsis articulata (Rutaceae)
Authors: Mbaze Meva'a Luc , Lobe Songue Jules , Wansi Jean Duplex , Kamdem Waffo Alain Francois , Dongo Etienne , Ngando Mpondo Theophile , Sewald Norbert
Published: July 2010

isolation and structure elucidation of the new acridone alkaloid citropsine A (I) together with thirteen known compounds
ChemInform Abstract: Interfacial Reaction Growth Approach to Preparing Patterned Nanomaterials and Beyond
Authors: Yu Jiefeng , Wang Fan , Wang Yu , Gao Han , Li Jianlong , Wu Kai
Published: July 2010

Review: 52 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Surface Organolanthanide and ‐actinide Chemistry
Authors: Le Roux Erwan , Anwander Reiner
Published: July 2010

Review: 251 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Surface Organometallic Chemistry of D(0) Metal Complexes
Authors: Buffon Regina , Rinaldi Roberto
Published: July 2010

Review: 114 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Recent Development in Palladium‐Mediated Synthesis of Nitrogen Heterocycles.
Authors: Majumdar Krishna C. , Chattopadhyay Buddhadeb , Maji Pradip K. , Chattopadhyay Sudip K. , Samanta Srikranta
Published: July 2010

Review: 415 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: DNA‐Based Hybrid Catalysts for Asymmetric Organic Synthesis
Authors: Park Soyoung , Sugiyama Hiroshi
Published: July 2010

Review: 72 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Oxidation Catalysis by Nanoscale Gold, Silver, and Copper
Authors: Li Zhi , Divakara Soorly G. , Richards Ryan M.
Published: July 2010

Review: 185 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: PMP (p‐Methoxyphenyl), a Versatile N‐Protective Group in the Synthesis of Chiral Amines and Amino Acids
Authors: Alsters Paul L. , Verkade Jorge M. M. , Rutjes Floris P. J. T. , Quaedflieg Peter J. L. M.
Published: July 2010

Review: 40 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Iron Carbenoid Mediated Ylide Reactions
Authors: Sun Xiu‐Li , Zheng Jun‐Cheng , Tang Yong
Published: July 2010

Review: 35 refs.
Extrapolation of the W7‐X Magnet System to Reactor Size
Authors: Schauer F. , Wobig H. , Egorov K. , Bykov V. , Köppen M.
Published: July 2010

The fusion experiment Wendelstein 7‐X (W7‐X), presently under construction at the Greifswald branch institute of IPP, shall demonstrate the reactor potential of a HELIAS stellarator. HELIAS reactors with three, four and five periods have been studied at IPP since many years. With a plasma axis induction of 5 T, corresponding to about 10 T maximal induction at the coil, it was shown that such reactors are feasible. Now the possibility is being investigated to increase the conductor induction up to the 12 T – range, corresponding to > 5.5 T at the plasma axis. This improves the stellarator confinement properties but does not change the basic physics with respect to the previously analyzed machines. In particular the 5periodic HELIAS type, HSR5, is considered which evolves from W7‐X by linear scaling of the main dimensions by a factor of four.

Recent progress in superconductor technology and the extensive development work performed for ITER are taken into account. The latter is particularly relevant since by coincidence the circumferences of the HSR5 and the ITER toroidal field coils are practically the same. For the presented 12 T reactor version, the HSR50a, also the conductor and structural requirements are comparable to the corresponding ITER specifications. Therefore, advantage can be taken of these similarities for the stellarator reactor magnet design.

The input was provided by the new code “MODUCO” which was developed for interactive coil layout. It is based on Bézier curve approximations and includes the computation of magnetic surfaces and forces (© 2010 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Magnetic Diagnostics for Equiibrium Reconstruction at W7‐X
Authors: Geiger J. , Endler M. , Werner A.
Published: July 2010

For W7‐X a set of magnetic diagnostic coils is foreseen to assess plasma properties such as toroidal net current and energy content for real‐time monitoring and also for equilibrium reconstruction. In addition to the set of full Rogowski‐Coils, diamagnetic coils and saddle loops, a set of segmented Rogowski‐Coils is envisaged to access profile information. The planned scheme of equilibrium reconstruction is described and the status of the analysis of the magnetic diagnostics is presented and its prospects are discussed. It is found that the plasma energy may be retrieved with good accuracy. However, the recovery of profile information shows limited accuracy based on the statistical analyses and modeling done so far (© 2010 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Configuration Space Control for Wendelstein 7‐X
Authors: Dodson T. , Baylard Ch. , Hartmann D. , Greve H. , Herold F.
Published: July 2010

The Wendelstein 7‐X stellarator (W7‐X) is a superconducting fusion experiment presently under construction at the Greifswald branch of the Max‐Planck‐Institut für Plasmaphysik in Greifswald, Germany. W7‐X is a device with extreme geometrical complexity due to the close‐packing of components inside the cryostat and their complex three‐dimensional shapes. The task of the Configuration Space Control department is to ensure that these components do not collide with each other under the defined set of configurations such as during assembly, at cool down, or during operation at various coil currents, among others. To fulfill this task, sophisticated tools and procedures were developed and implemented within the realm of a newly founded division that focuses on design, configuration control, and configuration management. This paper will discuss the Configuration Space Control process, explore the advantages to the project resulting from the process, and demonstrate its application in the analysis of the cryogenic cooling pipes of Module 5 (© 2010 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Synthesis, Structural, Redox and Mössbauer Characterization of Four‐Electron‐Oxidized Tetrakis(cyclohexyl)iron(II)porphodimethene with Different Axial Ligations (Eur. J. Inorg. Chem. 22/2010)
Authors: Bhattacharya Dibyendu , Sarkar Sabyasachi
Published: July 2010

The cover picture shows induced electron‐transfer reactions with I2 or Br2 as external oxidant, FeIII as internal oxidant, and coordinated porphyrinogen as internal reductant. As a result of this simultaneous metal‐ and ligand‐based redox reaction, the square‐planar iron(III) complex is transformed to a square‐pyramidal iron(II) complex, and the tetraanionic porphyrinogen ligand is oxidized to the neutral porphodimethene. The iron(III/II) redox potential of porphodimethene complexes are more positive than that of the heme cofactor. The large quadruple splitting with large isomeric shift indicates a high‐spin state (S = 2) for the [LΔΔFeII–I]+ cation. Details are discussed in the article by S. Sarkar et al. on p. 3429 ff.
Osteopontin presentation affects cell adhesion—Influence of underlying surface chemistry and nanopatterning of osteopontin
Authors: Malmström Jenny , Christensen Brian , Lovmand Jette , Sørensen Esben S. , Duch Mogens , Sutherland Duncan S.
Published: July 2010

Osteopontin is a promising coating material for biomaterials, being important both in remodeling and formation of mineralized tissue and in immunological responses. We have investigated cell attachment to osteopontin adsorbed at different surface chemistries (NH2, COOH, CH3, and bare gold) and to osteopontin presented as a nanopattern of 50 nm protein patches separated by a nonadhesive background. MDA‐MB‐435 cells adhere well to osteopontin presented at the hydrophilic chemistries (NH2, COOH, and gold) suggesting that osteopontin is presented in a functional form on these surfaces. On the amine surface, the cell attachment appears partly driven by electrostatic attraction between the positively charged substrate and the negatively charged cell membrane, whereas the spreading of the cells depends on the specific interaction with osteopontin presented at the surface. Significantly, fewer cells adhere to osteopontin presented at the methyl‐terminated hydrophobic surface and the cells are less spread. On the nanopatterned osteopontin, only a very low number of cells adhered and those few attached cells showed an elongated morphology with few adhesion points to the surface. This indicates that the adhesive patches are not large enough to support stable focal contacts. The good cell attachment and spreading on the hydrophilic surfaces holds promise for osteopontin as a future coating for biomaterials. © 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res Part A, 2010.
Osteoconductive effects of calcium phosphate glass cement grafts in rabbit calvarial defects
Authors: Lim Hyun‐Chang , Sohn Joo‐Yeon , Park Jung‐Chul , Um Yoo‐Jung , Jung Ui‐Won , Kim Chang‐Sung , Lee Yong‐Keun , Choi Seong‐Ho
Published: July 2010

Calcium phosphate glass (CPG) is well‐documented alloplastic bone graft material. The objective of this study was to evaluate the osteoconductive effect of newly developed calcium phosphate glass cement (CPGC) in rabbit calvarial defects. Three circular defects (8 mm diameter) were created on the rabbit calvarium. One defect was filled with biphasic calcium phosphate (BCP group) and one defect was filled with CPGC (CPGC group). The remaining defect was not filled as the control. Histologic and histometric analysis were performed at four and eight weeks following the implantation of materials. One‐way ANOVA method was used to evaluated the significance between three groups (p < 0.05). The CPGC group did not show a statistical difference in new bone area compared with the control at all healing periods, but the bone formation rate of CPGC seemed to increase between four and eight weeks. This suggests the bone formation rate of CPGC is initially slow, but increases at a specific time, showing the possibility of greater bone formation with time. The resorption rate of CPGC was greater than BCP. Within the limits of this study, CPGC demonstrated good space maintaining capacity and had an osteoconductive effect, suggesting it could be successfully used to improve bone formation capacity. © 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res Part B: Appl Biomater, 2010.
Post‐transcriptional regulation of the DUSP6/MKP‐3 phosphatase by MEK/ERK signaling and hypoxia
Authors: Bermudez Olga , Jouandin Patrick , Rottier Juliette , Bourcier Christine , Pagès Gilles , Gimond Clotilde
Published: July 2010

DUSP6/MKP‐3 is a cytoplasmic dual‐specificity phosphatase specific for the MAP kinases ERK1/2. Previous data have shown that the MEK/ERK axis exerts a retro‐control on its own signaling through transcriptional and post‐translational regulation of DUSP6. We first confirm the key role of MEK/ERK in maintaining the levels of dusp6 mRNA, while PI3K/mTOR, p38 MAPK, and JNK signaling pathways had no significant effects. We further show that regulation of dusp6 mRNA stability plays a critical role in ERK‐dependent regulation of dusp6 expression. Luciferase reporter constructs indicated that MEK/ERK signaling increased the half‐life of dusp6 mRNA in a 3′untranslated region (3′UTR)‐dependent manner. In addition, hypoxia, a hallmark of tumor growth, was found to increase both endogenous levels of dusp6 mRNA and the stability of the luciferase reporter constructs containing its 3′UTR, in a HIF‐1‐dependent manner. Nevertheless, a basal ERK activity was required for the response to hypoxia. Finally, Tristetraprolin (TTP), a member of the TIS11 CCCH zinc finger protein family, and PUM2, an homolog of drosophila pumilio, two proteins regulating mRNA stability reduced the levels of endogenous dusp6 mRNA and the activity of the dusp6/3′UTR luciferase reporter constructs. This study shows that post‐transcriptional regulation is a key process in the control of DUSP6 expression. J. Cell. Physiol. 226: 276–284, 2010. © 2010 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Expression of ADAMTS1 in endothelial cells is induced by shear stress and suppressed in sprouting capillaries
Authors: Hohberg Margret , Knöchel Judith , Hoffmann Christian J. , Chlench Sven , Wunderlich Wulf , Alter Alexander , Maroski Julian , Vorderwülbecke Bernd J. , Da Silva‐Azevedo Luis , Knudsen Rose , Lehmann Robert , Fiedorowicz Katarzyna , Bongrazio Mauro , Nitsche Bianca , Hoepfner Michael , Styp‐Rekowska Beata , Pries Axel R. , Zakrzewicz Andreas
Published: July 2010

ADAMTS1 inhibits capillary sprouting, and since capillary sprouts do not experience the shear stress caused by blood flow, this study undertook to clarify the relationship between shear stress and ADAMTS1. It was found that endothelial cells exposed to shear stress displayed a strong upregulation of ADAMTS1, dependent upon both the magnitude and duration of their exposure. Investigation of the underlying pathways demonstrated involvement of phospholipase C, phosphoinositide 3‐kinase, and nitric oxide. Forkhead box protein O1 was identified as a likely inhibitor of the system, as its knockdown was followed by a slight increase in ADAMTS1 expression. In silico prediction displayed a transcriptional binding site for Forkhead box protein O1 in the promotor region of the ADAMTS1 gene, as well as sites for nuclear factor 1, SP1, and AP‐1. The anti‐angiogenic effects of ADAMTS1 were attributed to its cleavage of thrombospondin 1 into a 70‐kDa fragment, and a significant enhancement of this fragment was indeed demonstrated by immunoblotting shear stress‐treated cells. Accordingly, scratch wound closure displayed a slowdown in conditioned medium from shear stress‐treated endothelial cells, an effect that could be completely blocked by a knockdown of thrombospondin 1 and partially blocked by a knockdown of ADAMTS1. Non‐perfused capillary sprouts in rat mesenteries stained negative for ADAMTS1, while vessels in the microcirculation that had already experienced blood flow yielded the opposite results. The shear stress‐dependent expression of ADAMTS1 in vitro was therefore also demonstrated in vivo and thereby confirmed as a mechanism connecting blood flow with the regulation of angiogenesis. J. Cell. Physiol. 226: 350–361, 2011. © 2010 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
RosettaHoles2: A volumetric packing measure for protein structure refinement and validation
Authors: Sheffler William , Baker David
Published: July 2010

We present an improved version of RosettaHoles, a methodology for quantitative and visual characterization of protein core packing. RosettaHoles2 features a packing measure more rapidly computable, accurate and physically transparent, as well as a new validation score intended for structures submitted to the Protein Data Bank. The differential packing measure is parameterized to maximize the gap between computationally generated and experimentally determined X‐ray structures, and can be used in refinement of protein structure models. The parameters of the model provide insight into components missing in current force fields, and the validation score gives an upper bound on the X‐ray resolution of Protein Data Bank structures; a crystal structure should have a validation score as good as or better than its resolution.
Recommended management of type 1 diabetes with insulin
Authors: Thomas Reena , Home Philip
Published: July 2010

Insulin therapy in type 1 diabetes aims to achieve optimal blood glucose control while avoiding troublesome hypoglycaemia. Our Drug review discusses the properties of currently available insulins, followed by sources of further information and a review of prescription data. Copyright © 2010 Wiley Interface Ltd
Is it effective to target treatment using just calculated CHD risk?
Authors: Reynolds Tim
Published: July 2010

Statin prescribing for the primary prevention of CHD is based on risk calculated from long‐term population data. Here, the author discusses the issues with the current risk models and suggests that money could be better spent on improved targeting through the use of a diagnostic test. Copyright © 2010 Wiley Interface Ltd
Refractory functional dyspepsia and nonerosive reflux disease
Authors: Elliott Tim , Wong Terry
Published: July 2010

Our series on Prescribing challenges focuses on areas of therapeutics that can present a particular challenge in general practice. Here, the authors address the management of functional dyspepsia and non – erosive reflux disease that has not responded to firstline therapies. Copyright © 2010 Wiley Interface Ltd
Quantum‐chemical, IR, NMR, and X‐ray diffraction studies on 2‐(4‐chlorophenyl)‐1‐methyl‐ 1H‐benzo[d]imidazole
Authors: Özdemi̇r Namik , Eren Bi̇lge , Di̇nçer Muharrem , Bekdemi̇r Yunus
Published: July 2010

The title molecule, 2‐(4‐chlorophenyl)‐1‐methyl‐1H‐benzo[d]imidazole (C14H11ClN2), was prepared and characterized by 1H NMR, 13C NMR, IR, and single‐crystal X‐ray diffraction. The molecular geometry, vibrational frequencies, and gauge including atomic orbital (GIAO) 1H and 13C NMR chemical shift values of the title compound in the ground state have been calculated by using the Hartree‐Fock (HF) and density functional theory (DFT/B3LYP) method with 6‐31G(d) basis sets, and compared with the experimental data. The calculated results show that the optimized geometries can well reproduce the crystal structural parameters, and the theoretical vibrational frequencies and GIAO 1H and 13C NMR chemical shifts show good agreement with experimental values. The energetic behavior of the title compound in solvent media has been examined using B3LYP method with the 6‐31G(d) basis set by applying the Onsager and the polarizable continuum model (PCM). Besides, molecular electrostatic potential (MEP), frontier molecular orbitals (FMO) analysis, and nonlinear optical (NLO) properties of the title compound were investigated by theoretical calculations. © 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Int J Quantum Chem, 2011
Study of the fragmentation pattern of ketamine‐heptafluorobutyramide by gas chromatography/electron ionization mass spectrometry
Authors: Pieri Maria , Castiglia Loredana , Miraglia Nadia , Guadagni Rossella , Malorni Livia , Sannolo Nicola , Acampora Antonio , Casa Elvira Della
Published: July 2010

Ketamine is an anaesthetic compound used in human and veterinary medicine with hallucinogen properties that have resulted in its increased illicit use by teenagers at rave parties. Although several gas chromatography/mass spectrometry (GC/MS) methods have been reported for the quantification of the drug both in urine and in hair, its electron ionization (EI) fragmentation after derivatization with different reagents has been not yet fully investigated. The present work reports the study of the fragmentation of ketamine, derivatized with heptafluorobutyric anhydride (HFBA‐Ket), using gas chromatography/electron ionization mass spectrometry (GC/EI‐MS). The complete characterization of the fragmentation pattern represented an intriguing exercise and required tandem mass spectrometry (MSn) experiments, high‐resolution accurate mass measurements and the use of deuterated d4‐ketamine to corroborate the proposed structures and to characterize the fragment ions carrying the unchanged aromatic moiety. Extensive fragmentation was observed, mainly located at the cyclohexanone ring followed by rearrangement of the fragment ions, as confirmed by the mass spectra obtained from the deuterated molecule. The GC/EI‐MS analysis of HFBA‐Ket will represent a useful tool in forensic science since high‐throughput analyses are enabled, preserving both the GC stationary phase and the cleanliness of the mass spectrometer ion optics. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Effects of domain experience in the stock–flow failure
Authors: Brunstein Angela , Gonzalez Cleotilde , Kanter Steven
Published: July 2010

Misperceptions of stock and flow relationships are pervasive and an important problem to solve in system dynamics. Prior studies have shown that individuals perform poorly on accumulation problems, even when considering relatively simple systems, an effect termed the Stock–Flow (SF) failure. This study examines the effects of domain experience in overcoming the SF failure. We compared performance of medical students and undergraduates with no medical education on accumulation problems in medical and general domains. Medical students performed better than undergraduates only in some of the problems (including the general domain problems), and they performed equally poorly as undergraduates in problems that required medical domain experience. There was no correlation between performance in the stock and flow problems and either duration of medical education or age. Thus we conclude that domain experience is not a strong indicator for overcoming the SF failure. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Structure of ultrathin silica films on Mo(112) studied via Classical and Quantum Mechanical Rainbow Scattering of Fast Atoms
Authors: Seifert J. , Busch M. , Schüller A. , Blauth D. , Wethekam S. , Winter H.
Published: July 2010

The structure of ultrathin silica films on Mo(112) has been investigated by grazing scattering of fast He atoms from the film surface. We discuss two recent experimental techniques which allow us to study the arrangements of surface atoms of these films in detail. The methods comprise: (i) classical rainbow scattering under axial surface channeling conditions; and (ii) fast atom diffraction. Our work demonstrates the attractive features of grazing fast atom scattering as a powerful analytical tool in studies on the structure of surfaces. From the analysis of our data we find a clearcut support for a structural model based on the arrangement of film atoms in terms of a 2D network. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Effect of repetition nanoindentation of GaN epilayers on a‐axis sapphire substrates
Authors: Lin Meng‐Hung , Wen Hua‐Chiang , Chang Zue‐Chin , Wu Shyh‐Chi , Wu Wen‐Fa , Chou Chang‐Pin
Published: July 2010

In this work, gallium nitride (GaN) epilayers were deposited on a‐axis sapphire substrate by means of metal organic chemical vapor deposition (MOCVD). Berkovich nanoindentation was used to explore the repetition pressure‐induced impairment of the GaN film. The observation of load‐displacement vs stress‐strain curves concludes that basal slip is implicated in the deformation on the A plane GaN. The increase in the hardness (H) and elastic modulus (E) was determined from cyclic nanoindentation, and resulted in a crack due to the formation of incipient slip bands and/or the to‐and‐fro motion of mobile dislocation. It is indicated that the generation of individual dislocation and residual deformation of the GaN films are showed by CL mapping analysis. From the morphological studies, it is revealed that the crack was found by means of atomic force microscope (AFM) technique at nine loading/reloading cycles even after the indentation beyond the critical depth on the residual indentation impression. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.