bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Development and Validation of a New Dry Weight Estimation Method Using Single Frequency Bioimpedance in Hemodialysis Patients
Authors: Dou Yanna , Cheng Xuyang , Liu Li , Bai Xiafeng , Wu Leiyun , Guo Weiya , Zhao Xinju , Wang Fang , Cao Liyun , Zuo Li
Published: August 2011

Background: We proposed a new method to estimate dry weight (DW) using single frequency bioimpedance. Methods: We hypothesized that the change in whole body resistance at 50 kHz (R50) was proportional to the ultrafiltration volume (UFV) during a hemodialysis (HD) session. When the targeted resistance estimated in healthy subjects was reached, the patient achieved his/her DW. UFV and R50 were monitored in 40 HD patients. Another 43 HD patients were stratified into 2 groups to validate this method. Results: The change in whole body resistance was proportional to UFV in each of the 40 HD patients. In the DWdecrease group, pre-dialysis systolic blood pressure (n = 29, 154.5 ± 22.8 vs. 146.9 ± 22.3, p < 0.05) and antihypertensive medicine (4.7 ± 3.6 vs. 3.3 ± 2.2, p < 0.05) decreased without adverse symptoms change. In the DWincrease group, the number of adverse symptoms in 1 week (n = 14, 26 vs. 6, p < 0.05) decreased without a change in systolic blood pressure. Conclusion: This method may become a convenient and cheaper way to estimate DW in HD patients.
Renal Anemia Treatment with ESA in Hemodialysis Patients in Relation to Early versus Late Referral in Everyday Clinical Practice in Central and Eastern European Countries: Baseline Data
Authors: Malyszko Jolanta , Drozdz Maciej , Zolkiewicz Agnieszka , Rutkowski Boleslaw
Published: August 2011

The aim of the study was to collect retrospective data on renal anemia management, comorbidities and prospective data on 12-month standard care erythropoiesis-stimulating agent (ESA) therapy used in 398 hemodialyzed patients in selected Central and Eastern European countries (50 centers in 3 countries). Patients were divided into three groups according to ESA therapy start: group A-ESA (after start of hemodialysis, HD), B-ESA (within 3 months from start of HD), C-ESA (more than 3 months before HD). At the chronic kidney disease diagnosis, hemoglobin in all patients was 10.3 ± 2.3 g/dl; however, ferritin, iron, TSAT were within reference limits. Early ESA therapy (C) was administered to 10% of patients only. 47% of patients received ESA after start of dialysis. Before study, the mean weekly ESA dose in group C was statistically lower than in groups B and A (p < 0.001). At baseline visit, hemoglobin in group A patients was slightly lower than in group B and C patients (p = 0.025). In conclusion, in Central and Eastern European countries renal anemia therapy with ESA starts shortly before or after start of HD. This highlights important differences in standard care in Eastern Europe. However, paradoxically, due to the tight reimbursement policy we foresee the clinical implications of the TREAT trial for the chronic kidney disease population.
A Systematic Literature Review of Cerebrospinal Fluid Biomarkers in Delirium
Authors: Hall Roanna J. , Shenkin Susan D. , MacLullich Alasdair M.J.
Published: August 2011

Background: Cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) analysis has great potential to advance understanding of delirium pathophysiology. Methods: A systematic literature review of CSF studies of DSM or ICD delirium was performed. Results: In 8 studies of 235 patients, delirium was associated with: elevated serotonin metabolites, interleukin-8, cortisol, lactate and protein, and reduced somatostatin, β-endorphin and neuron-specific enolase. Elevated acetylcholinesterase predicted poor outcome after delirium and higher dopamine metabolites were associated with psychotic features. Conclusions: No clear conclusions emerged, but the current literature suggests multiple areas for further investigation with more detailed studies.
Vascular Calcification Is Associated with Cortical Bone Loss in Chronic Renal Failure Rats with and without Ovariectomy: The Calcification Paradox
Authors: De Schutter Tineke M. , Neven Ellen , Persy Veerle P. , Behets Geert J. , Postnov Andrei A. , De Clerck Nora M. , D’Haese Patrick C.
Published: August 2011

Background: Increased bone loss has been associated with the development of vascular calcification in patients with chronic renal failure (CRF). In this study, the effect of impaired bone metabolism on aortic calcifications was investigated in uremic rats with or without ovariectomy. Methods: CRF was induced by administration of a 0.75% adenine/2.5% protein diet for 4 weeks. In one group, osteoporosis was induced by ovariectomy (CRF-OVX), while the other group underwent a sham-operation instead (CRF). A third group consisted of ovariectomized rats with normal renal function (OVX). At regular time intervals throughout the study, bone status and aortic calcifications were evaluated by in vivo micro-CT. At sacrifice after 6 weeks of CRF, bone histomorphometry was performed and vascular calcification was assessed by bulk calcium analysis and Von Kossa staining. Results: Renal function was significantly impaired in the CRF-OVX and CRF groups. Trabecular bone loss was seen in all groups. In the CRF-OVX and CRF groups, trabecular bone density was restored after adenine withdrawal, which coincided with cortical bone loss and the development of medial calcifications in the aorta. No significant differences with regard to the degree of aortic calcifications were seen between the two CRF groups. Neither cortical bone loss nor calcifications were seen in the OVX group. Cortical bone loss significantly correlated with the severity of vascular calcification in the CRF-OVX and CRF groups, but no associations with trabecular bone changes were found. Conclusions: Cortical rather than trabecular bone loss is associated with the process of calcification in rats with adenine- induced CRF.
Circulation
Editors' Picks
Authors:   The Editors
Published: August 2011

The following articles are being highlighted as part of
Circulation's
Topic Review series. This series will summarize the most important manuscripts, as selected by the editors, published in
Circulation
and the
Circulation
subspecialty journals. The studies included in this article represent the most read manuscripts published on the topic of arrhythmia and electrophysiology in 2009 and 2010.
Effects of habitat perturbation on the daily activity pattern and physiological stress of the spiny tailed iguana (Ctenosaura acanthura)
Authors: Suárez-Domínguez Emilio Alfonso , Morales-Mávil Jorge Eufrates , Chavira Roberto , Boeck Lourdes
Published: August 2011

Habitat perturbation due to human activities may generate numerous behavioural and physiological alterations in wild animals. In consequence, some individuals become more susceptible to diseases, while others modify their foraging behaviour or present a diminished reproductive success. In this study, we compare the daily activity pattern (DAP) and the levels of faecal glucocorticoids (fCORT) of individuals of spiny tailed iguana (Ctenosaura acanthura) found in conserved habitats, with those found in areas perturbed by human activities. Our results indicate that none of the behaviours (basking, resting, feeding, locomotion, movement and aggression) presented significant differences between habitats. Furthermore, the concentrations of fCORT were similar among individuals from both sites. We suggest that the spiny tailed iguana is a species that has adapted to perturbed areas, where it has found enough resources to survive. Our findings imply that iguanas are less sensitive to habitat degradation; additionally, these results may serve as a basis for future research aiming to describe behavioural and physiological characteristics of reptile species living in perturbed habitats.
The role of Anatolian refugia in herpetofaunal diversity: an mtDNA analysis of Typhlops vermicularis Merrem, 1820 (Squamata, Typhlopidae)
Authors: Giokas Sinos , Kumlutaş Yusuf , Ilgaz Çetin , Kornilios Panagiotis , Chondropoulos Basil , Fraguedakis-Tsolis Stella
Published: August 2011

Anatolian mountains have played an important role in speciation and definition of biogeographical subregions and have been defined as “hotspots” of biodiversity. Because of its position and its long palaeogeographic and palaeoclimatic history, Anatolia acted in the past as a bridge or as a barrier for species' dispersal, providing natural pathways or acting as a vicariant agent, respectively. In this study we investigated the phylogeny and biogeography of a small fossorial snake, Typhlops vermicularis, in Anatolia, using formalin-preserved specimens and following a special protocol. We inferred phylogenetic relationships using partial 12S and ND2 sequences, and estimated divergence times of major lineages. Our mtDNA analysis revealed a hidden genetic diversity within Anatolian T. vermicularis. Four well-supported lineages occur within our sampled populations corresponding to respective refugia, which represent humid areas with dense forest vegetation in high altitude. The remaining populations, from the western and southeastern Anatolia, are almost genetically identical, representing a recent geographic expansion. A distributional disruption and a following allopatric fragmentation for T. vermicularis possibly resulted from climatic oscillations that occurred during the Miocene and Pliocene. We propose that extreme and sudden aridification led to distribution shrinkage of T. vermicularis, with genetic lineages surviving in refugia.
Elusive but widespread? The potential distribution and genetic variation of Hyalosaurus koellikeri (Günther, 1873) in the Maghreb
Authors: Pleguezuelos Juan M. , Mora Elisa , de Pous Philip , Escoriza Daniel , Metallinou Margarita , Donaire David , Comas Mar , Carranza Salvador
Published: August 2011

The genetic variability and the potential distribution under past (Last Glacial Maximum; LGM (MIROC and CCSM simulations)) and present conditions were studied for the anguid Hyalosaurus koellikeri, using analyses of two mitochondrial (ND1 and ND2) and one nuclear (PRLR) gene and species distribution modelling (SDM) including 19 geographical coordinates, covering most of its distribution range. Unexpectedly, the genetic results show that H. koellikeri presents a very low level of variability both in the mitochondrial and nuclear genes studied. The present predicted distribution of H. koellikeri revealed a large potential distribution in both north and eastwards directions, with suitable areas predicted in places where the species has never been reported before, as for instance the Rif Mountains in Morocco, as well as into most parts of northern Algeria and Tunisia. The LGM distribution is even larger compared to the present, with a continuous predicted distribution from Morocco to Tunisia, and even into Libya under the MIROC simulation. The results of the genetic and SDM analyses suggest that the now isolated populations from Debdou and Tlemcen have probably been in contact during the LGM, but its absence from both present and past predicted suitable areas is still a mystery. Hyalosaurus koellikeri depends mainly on closed deciduous forests (typically Cedrus atlantica and Quercus sp.) and open deciduous shrubland with high amounts of annual rainfall. The results of this study and the absence of recent sightings of the species outside the core distribution might indicate a regression of the species. Hence, a reevaluation of the conservation status of the species seems warranted.
The Relationship between the Poor in Judea and Israel under Foreign Rule: Sirach 35:14-26 among Second Temple Prayers and Hymns
Authors: Gregory Bradley C.
Published: August 2011

The transition from the plight of the poor to the plight of Israel under foreign rule in Sir 35:14-26 is far smoother than is generally recognized. This is a result of a typological relationship between the poor and the identity of Israel, which is not only found in Ben Sira’s thought but is a common motif in Second Temple prayers and hymns. Attention to the content of Sir 35 as well as the larger trend in Second temple prayers and hymns helps to provide an explanation for the presence of the nationalistic prayer in chapter 36.
A Reanalysis of the 1921–30 Atlantic Hurricane Database*
Authors: Landsea Christopher W. , Feuer Steve , Hagen Andrew , Glenn David A. , Sims Jamese , Perez Ramon , Chenoweth Michael , Anderson Nicholas
Published: August 2011

A reanalysis of the Atlantic basin tropical storm and hurricane database (“best track”) for the period from 1921 to 1930 has been completed. This reassessment of the main archive for tropical cyclones of the North Atlantic Ocean, Caribbean Sea, and Gulf of Mexico was necessary to correct systematic biases and random errors in the data as well as to search for previously unrecognized systems. The methodology for the reanalysis process for revising the track and intensity of tropical cyclone data has been detailed in a previous paper on the reanalysis. The 1921–30 dataset now includes several new tropical cyclones, excludes one system previously considered a tropical storm, makes generally large alterations in the intensity estimates of most tropical cyclones (both toward stronger and weaker intensities), and typically adjusts existing tracks with minor corrections. Average uncertainty in intensity and track values is estimated for both open-ocean conditions as well as landfalling systems. Highlights are given for changes to the more significant hurricanes to impact the United States, Central America, and the Caribbean for this decade.
Information Management Possible?
Authors: Flett Alan
Published: August 2011

Information Management often goes awry in organizations due to a lack of basic planning and respect for the complexity of the job at hand. A key discipline that often gets overlooked in that planning is that of Information Architecture. This article contends that Information Architecture is a strategic and holistic information discipline that should be central to any Information Management project or programme, both in its planning and execution. Instead, organizations often follow a variety of poor Information Management strategies where the common factor is their ignorance of Information Architecture’s importance; Information Architecture allows for the rational and optimizing systematization of information. Such tenets will only become more important in the future as information moves towards semantic richness.
A national approach to diabetes foot risk stratification and foot care
Authors: Leese G P , Stang D , Pearson D W
Published: August 2011

The Scottish Diabetes Foot Action Group (SDG) has developed and introduced a national strategy plan for diabetic foot care across Scotland. This has involved the implementation of an evidence-based national foot screening and risk stratification programme that has already covered 61% of the population in just the first two years. Nationally agreed patient information foot leaflets and professional education material have been introduced, and a consensus for antibiotic use in the diabetic foot has been published. Information on multidisciplinary specialist foot services has been collected, indicating that 58% of Health Board areas have consultants with dedicated sessions in their job plan to a foot clinic, and 42% had integrated orthotic involvement. The SDG aims to increase these figures. Work has been undertaken to support local podiatry networks and improve communication between the specialist centre and the community. At a national level the SDG is working with Foot in Diabetes UK (FDUK) to recognize key podiatry skills by developing core competencies and a competency framework for the diabetes podiatrist and diabetes orthotist. The annual Scottish Diabetes Survey indicates some improvement in amputation rates with prevalence decreasing from 0.8% to 0.5%, and improved recording of foot ulceration at a national level. This national strategy has helped highlight the importance and difficulties facing diabetes foot care and should help to continue to improve the quality of care of people with diabetes who have foot-related problems.
Ratfish (Chimaera) spine injuries in fishermen
Authors: Hayes A J , Sim A J W
Published: August 2011

An occupational hazard peculiar to fishermen, is an injury from a sharp fish spine. Such spines can cause envenomation injury, infectious sequelae or trauma to anatomical structures. The management of two fishermen with penetrating ratfish (Chimaera) spine injuries to the lower limb is described. Both were managed by removal of the spine under general anaesthesia. In the second patient, the spine was embedded adjacent to the left femoral artery, highlighting the potential for major haemorrhage and supporting the use of surgical wound exploration when important structures may be involved. Herein, we describe the first report in English of Chimaera spine injury. In addition, we surveyed nine northeast Atlantic deep-sea fishermen to gain information on exposure to, and injuries from, this type of fish. The most commonly identified species was Chimaera monstrosa. Five fishermen reported injuries to their feet or hands from Chimaera spines and two had sought medical attention. The evidence indicates that deep-sea trawler fishermen of the northeast Atlantic frequently encounter Chimaera species and can suffer dangerous penetrating wounds from its dorsal spine.
Distal embolization from medial cystic degeneration of the popliteal artery
Authors: Richards J , Stuart W P
Published: August 2011

This is the first reported case of medial cystic degeneration of the popliteal artery presenting as distal embolization and contains a high-definition photo of the cyst in situ. Duplex ultrasound and magnetic resonance angiography are useful adjuncts to diagnosis. Based on the published literature, resection and interposition grafting appears to be the most efficacious treatment modality.
Synchronous colonic adenocarcinoma and renal oncocytoma: a case report and literature review
Authors: Dalli J , Camilleri-Brennan J
Published: August 2011

We present the case of a patient with an adenocarcinoma of the colon associated with an oncocytoma of the kidney. A left colonic cancer was diagnosed at colonoscopy and an incidental finding of a left renal mass was noted, with a staging computerized tomography scan. Following a left hemicolectomy and a left nephrectomy, the pathological report confirmed the presence of a colonic adenocarcinoma and revealed that the left renal mass was an oncocytoma. This case report reviews the management decisions associated with incidental renal masses as well as the treatment of synchronous neoplasia.
Trends in joint arthroplasty litigation over five years: the British experience
Authors: Bhutta MA , Arshad MS , Hassan S , Henderson JJ
Published: August 2011

INTRODUCTION

Increasing numbers of joint arthroplasty are performed in Britain. While associated complications are well documented, it is not known which of those initiate malpractice claims.

METHOD

A five-year period was assessed for trends to highlight areas for further improvement in patient information and surgical management.

RESULTS

The National Health Service paid out almost £14 million for 598 claims. Forty per cent of this was for legal costs. The number of claims increased over time while the rate of successful claims decreased.

CONCLUSIONS

A failure to consent adequately and to adhere to policies and standard practice can result in a successful malpractice claim. Protecting patients intrao-peratively and maintaining high technical expertise while implementing policies and obtaining informed consent decreases the litigation burden.
Early experience with laparoscopic extralevator abdominoperineal excision within an enhanced recovery setting: analysis of short-term outcomes and quality of life
Authors: Vaughan-Shaw PG , King AT , Cheung T , Beck NE , Knight JS , Nichols PH , Nugent KP , Pilkington SA , Smallwood JA , Mirnezami AH
Published: August 2011

INTRODUCTION

Conventional abdominoperineal excision for low rectal cancer has a higher local recurrence and reduced survival compared to anterior resection. An extralevator abdominoperineal excision (ELAPE) may improve outcome through removal of increased tissue in the distal rectum. Experience with ELAPE is limited and no studies have reported on quality of life (QOL) following this procedure. We describe a minimally invasive approach to ELAPE within an enhanced recovery programme, and present short-term results and QOL analyses.

METHODS

All laparoscopic ELAPEs were included in a prospective database. Demographics, intra-operative and post-operative outcomes were evaluated. Postoperative QOL was assessed using the European Organisation for Research and Treatment of Cancer (EORTC) questionnaires QLQ-C30 and QLQ-CR29.

RESULTS

Thirteen laparoscopic ELAPEs were performed over a two-year period. All were enrolled in an enhanced recovery programme. The median age was 76. The median tumour height was 20mm (range: 0–50mm) from the dentate line and all patients received neoadjuvant treatment. The median duration of surgery was 300 minutes (range: 120–488 minutes), the mean blood loss was 150ml and one procedure was converted to open surgery. There was no circumferential resection margin involvement or tumour perforation. The median duration of use of intravenous fluid, patient controlled analgesia and urinary catheterisation was 2, 2 and 2.5 days respectively and the median length of hospital stay was 7.5 days. Two patients developed perineal wound dehiscence. QOL analysis revealed high global health status (90.8), physical (91.3), emotional (98.3) and social functioning (100) scores, which compared favourably with EORTC reference values and published QOL scores following conventional abdominoperineal excision.

CONCLUSIONS

Laparoscopic ELAPE within an enhanced recovery setting is a feasible and safe approach with acceptable short-term outcomes and post-operative quality of life.
Single incision laparoscopic surgery in general surgery: a review
Authors: Greaves N , Nicholson J
Published: August 2011

Single incision laparoscopic surgery (SILS) is a rapidly developing field that may represent the future of laparoscopic surgery. The major advantage of SILS over standard laparoscopic surgery is in cosmesis, with surgery becoming essentially scarless if the incision is hidden within the umbilicus. Only one incision is required so the risk of potential complications like port site hernias, haematomas and wound infection is reduced. The trade-off for this is a technically more challenging procedure with different underlying principles to that of traditional laparoscopic surgery. A wide variety of new equipment has been developed to support SILS and the range of procedures that are amenable to the technique is increasing. To date most of the published data relating to SILS are in the form of case series, with the first large randomised controlled trials due to be completed by the end of 2012. The existing evidence suggests that SILS is similar to standard laparoscopic surgery in terms of complication rates, completion rates and post-operative pain scores. However, the duration of SILS is longer than equivalent laparoscopic procedures. This article discusses SILS with regard to its applications in general surgery and reviews the evidence currently available.
Functional colonic obstruction in an adult as a presenting feature of thymoma
Authors: Malhotra K , Georgiades IB , Davies J
Published: August 2011

Functional colonic obstruction is a colonic motility disorder with a number of causes. One cause is myenteric ganglionitis, which may result from paraneoplastic processes. We present the case of a previously healthy 53-year-old man who presented with a week’s history of functional colonic obstruction. A transverse loop colostomy failed to resolve his symptoms and he subsequently underwent an extended right hemicolectomy. Histology demonstrated lymphocytic myenteric ganglionitis that was felt to be of paraneoplastic origin. The patient later developed bilateral ptosis and was diagnosed with ocular myasthenia gravis. Further investigation revealed the presence of a thymoma that was resected, resulting in an improvement to his symptoms. We present this case and a review of the literature to illustrate the importance of seeking out a paraneoplastic cause for functional colonic obstruction in adults as early resection of the tumour may help alleviate symptoms and avoid bowel surgery.
Internal hernia following total gastrectomy with Roux-en-Y reconstruction
Authors: Larkin JO , Cooke F , Ravi N , Reynolds JV
Published: August 2011

Internal herniation is a well-described complication after a gastric bypass, particularly when performed laparoscopically, although it is rarely described following a total gastrectomy.

A 55-year-old lady presented with a 24-hour history of vomiting and rigors 10 months after a radical total gastrectomy with Roux-en-Y reconstruction for a gastric adenocarcinoma. Computed tomography (CT) showed a complete small bowel obstruction and a mesenteric swirl sign, indicating a possible internal hernia. The entire small bowel was found at laparotomy to have migrated through the mesenteric defect adjacent to the site of the previous jejunojejunostomy and was dark purple and aperistaltic. The small bowel was reduced through the defect. At a second laparotomy, the small bowel looked healthy and the defect was repaired. Postoperative recovery was unremarkable.

Of numerous signs described, the mesenteric swirl sign is considered the best indicator on CT of an internal hernia following Roux-en-Y reconstruction in gastric bypass surgery. A swirl sign on CT in a patient with abdominal pain should always raise the suspicion of an internal hernia.
Influenza A virus infection activates cholesterol sulfotransferase (SULT2B1b) in the lung of female C57BL/6 mice
Authors: Chen Yue , Chen Xinrong , Zhang Shunfen , Chen Guangping
Published: August 2011

Cytosolic sulfotransferases (SULTs) catalyze the sulfation of hormones, neurotransmitters, and xenobiotics, increasing their water solubility. SULTs are not only important for xenobiotic detoxification but they also play important biological roles in the regulation of the activities of various biosignaling molecules and other cellular functions. In this study, we investigated the effects of influenza A virus lung infection on the expression of SULTs in the lung, brain, and liver of female C57BL/6 mice. Our results demonstrate for the first time that SULT2B1b enzyme activity and protein expression are significantly up-regulated in the lung and brain of female mice in response to lung influenza A virus infection. Real-time quantitative PCR results are consistent with Western blot and enzymatic activity data. In mouse liver, mSULT2B1b is not significantly changed. Enzyme activities, protein expression, and mRNA expression of SULT1A1 and SULT2A1 in the lung, brain, and liver of mice were not significantly affected by the infection. The induction of SULT2B1b may be used to inactivate natural liver X receptor ligands and activate the proliferation of T cells in response to influenza A virus infection in the lung and brain of mice. Our results raise the possibility that regulation of SULT2B1b may influence acquired immune responses to infectious diseases.
Multielement Analysis of Crude Oils Using Inductively Coupled Plasma-Atomic Emission Spectrometry
Authors: Kishore Nadkarni R. A. , David Hwang J. , Young Lyman
Published: August 2011

In addition to the sulfur determined as a part of the crude assay, it is important to know the concentration levels of a number trace elements in crude oils. A method is described for the multielement metal analysis of crude oils using inductively coupled plasma atomic emission spectrometry (ICP-AES). The samples are diluted with an organic solvent before measurements. Metallo-organic compounds dissolved in organic solvents are used as calibration standards. Precision of analysis was established based on an ASTM interlaboratory study. NIST Standard Reference Materials of crude oils where available were analyzed to estimate the bias of the new test method.
Töten und Kannibalismus: Erinnerungen als politischer Diskurs in Kambodscha
Authors: Luig Ute
Published: August 2011

Der Beitrag untersucht – aus der Retrospektive gegenwärtiger Informanten – verschiedene Formen des Tötens unter der Gewaltherrschaft der Roten Khmer (1975–79), die u. a. durch kum, eine überproportionale Form der Rache motiviert war. Während dieses emotionalen Ausnahmezustandes kam es zum Herausreißen und Essen der Leber von noch lebenden Gefangenen durch die Soldaten der Roten Khmer. Während diese kannibalistische Praxis den Quellen zufolge seit Jahrhunderten bekannt ist und u. a. Funktionen des medizinischen Kannibalismus erfüllte, wird sie von den ehemals politischen Flüchtlingen, die nunmehr in Übersee leben, zur politischen Stigmatisierung der Roten Khmer benutzt. Der Text betont den transnationalen Kontext, in den lokale Erinnerungskulturen eingebunden sind und zu Formen politischer Abrechnung werden, die sich buddhistischer Symbole wie der Gedenkstupas bedienen.
The impact of contextual, conversational, and affective factors on a child's speech intelligibility
Authors: Kroll Tobias Alf , Müller Nicole
Published: August 2011

In this study, we discuss how the intelligibility of a 5-year old with disordered articulation changes with contextual and conversational factors in a speech-therapy setting, and with the client's affective response to these factors. Using Conversation Analysis and Systemic-Functional Linguistics to obtain detailed analyses of the sequential unfolding of the interaction, we show that the client's efforts to be intelligible or unintelligible vary with the informativity of the client's productions as they are enabled by the clinician. Variations in the client's intelligibility function in the same way as conventional conversational contributions, and can be viewed as insights into the client's understanding of the ongoing interaction. We conclude that there are cases of disordered articulation for which traditional articulation therapy (motor drills and highly structured speech tasks) are contraindicated. Interactional and conversational context should receive more attention in articulation therapy and research into speech sound disorders.
Diagnosis of adrenal failure in critically ill patients
Authors: Moraes Rafael Barberena , Czepielewski Mauro A. , Friedman Gilberto , Borba Evandro Lucas de
Published: August 2011

In the last two decades there was important evolution on the knowledge of the function of the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis. In the last decade, the expression "relative adrenal insufficiency" (RAI) was created, and more recently "critical illness-related corticosteroid insufficiency" (CIRCI) was used to designate those patients in which cortisol production was not sufficiently increased in stress situations. Patients with CIRCI have elevated hospital morbidity and mortality. Currently, there is a wide discussion about diagnostic criteria for this dysfunction. Besides basal cortisol, some publications now study the role of other tests, such as cortrosyn test - either in low (1 μg) or high doses (250 μg); free cortisol, salivary cortisol, metyrapone test and others. With this review, we aimed at summarizing the results of the most influent papers that intended to define diagnostic criteria for CIRCI. We also suggest an approach for CIRCI diagnosis and make it clear that the decision about steroid therapy in septic shock patients is matter apart from RAI.
Teorias e políticas de gênero: fragmentos históricos e desafios atuais
Authors: Meyer Dagmar Estermann
Published: August 2011

Abordo, aqui, teorizações e políticas contemporâneas de gênero focalizando tensões que permeiam essas teorizações. Retomo, brevemente, aspectos históricos que permitem compreender a introdução do conceito de gênero no campo dos Estudos Feministas e discuto desdobramentos teóricos e políticos decorrentes de sua utilização. Apresento alguns resultados de investigações que problematizam posições de sujeito mulher e, especialmente, de sujeito mãe, em discursos que atravessam políticas e programas atuais de educação e saúde. Finalizo sugerindo que estudos que articulam gênero, saúde e educação, nessa perspectiva, contribuem para compreender e delimitar redes de poder que se colocam em movimento com determinados conhecimentos, ênfases educativas, instrumentos de diagnóstico e modos de assistir e educar mulheres, homens e crianças, nesses campos, na atualidade.
Constraste iodado em tomografia computadorizada: prevenção de reações adversas
Authors: Juchem Beatriz Cavalcanti , Dall'Agnol Clarice Maria , Magalhães Ana Maria Müller
Published: August 2011

A tomografia computadorizada tem sido um exame radiológico de ampla indicação e escolha para fins diagnósticos, principalmente na última década. No entanto, apesar de ser bastante elucidativo, em diversos casos, o procedimento oferece riscos associados à exposição à radiação e ao meio de contraste iodado. Sobre estas questões é escassa a disponibilidade de publicações na literatura de enfermagem. Assim, apresenta-se uma revisão bibliográfica, com ênfase na exposição ao contraste iodado e nas reações adversas que podem advir do seu uso. Além disso, são descritas as ações que os profissionais da equipe de saúde, alocados em serviços desta natureza, podem realizar para diminuir a ocorrência desses eventos adversos ou minimizar sua gravidade.
Thermal behaviour of succinic acid, sodium succinate and its compounds with some bivalent transitions metal ions in dynamic N2 and CO2 atmospheres
Authors: Caires CF. J. , Lima L. S. , Carvalho C. T. , Ionashiro M.
Published: August 2011

Thermal stability and thermal decomposition of succinic acid, sodium succinate and its compounds with Mn(II), Fe(II), Co(II), Ni(II), Cu(II) and Zn(II) were investigated employing simultaneous thermogravimetry and differential thermal analysis (TG-DTA) in nitrogen and carbon dioxide atmospheres and TG-FTIR in nitrogen atmosphere. On heating, in both atmospheres the succinic acid melt and evaporate, while for the sodium succinate the thermal decomposition occurs with the formation of sodium carbonate. For the transition metal succinates the final residue up to 1180 ºC in N2 atmosphere was a mixture of metal and metal oxide in no simple stoichiometric relation, except for Zn compound, where the residue was a small quantity of carbonaceous residue. For the CO2 atmosphere the final residue up to 980 ºC was: MnO, Fe3O4, CoO, ZnO and mixtures of Ni, NiO and Cu, Cu2O.
Biossíntese e recentes avanços na produção de celulose bacteriana
Authors: Donini Ígor A. N. , Salvi Denise T. B. De , Fukumoto Fabiana K. , Lustri Wilton R. , Barud Hernane S. , Marchetto Reinaldo , Messaddeq Younes , Ribeiro Sidney J. L.
Published: August 2011

O presente trabalho discute os recentes avanços na biossíntese e na produção de celulose bacteriana (CB) pela gram-negativa, aeróbia e aceto-ácida Gluconacetobacter. xylinus. A CB se difere de seu par vegetal, principalmente devido ao seu caráter de fibras nanométricas, contra o caráter micrométrico da vegetal, são extruídas através da parede celular de G. xylinus, com isso sua estrutura macroscópica é mecanicamente e fisicamente mais resistente, abrindo grandes oportunidades de aplicações tecnológicas e biológicas, muito além das obtidas pela celulose vegetal. O desafio atual está no aumento da produção de CB, que se debruça num maior entendimento de sua biossíntese para que seja possível uma posterior manipulação genético-bioquímica oriundas do recente avanço na biologia molecular e nos bioprocessos. São relacionados trabalhos utilizando a CB como base para produção de compósitos como também o que a está sendo feito de mais atual com este material biológico.
Diferentes tempos de eletroestimulação neuromuscular (eenm) de média frequência (kotz) em cães
Authors: Pelizzari Charles , Raiser Alceu Gaspar , Mazzanti Alexandre , Salbego Fabiano Zaninni , Festugatto Rafael , Beckmann Diego Vilibaldo , Cunha Marina Gabriela Monteiro Carvalho Mori da , Santos Rosmarini Passos dos , Serafini Gabriele Maria Callegaro , Marques Jenifer de Santana , Baumhardt Raquel
Published: August 2011

O objetivo desta pesquisa foi empregar a estimulação elétrica neuromuscular (EENM) de média frequência no músculo quadríceps femoral de cães com atrofia muscular induzida, avaliar o ganho de massa muscular e comparar a EENM sob diferentes tempos de tratamento. Foram utilizados oito cães, pesando entre 15 e 25kg e distribuídos aleatoriamente em dois grupos denominados de GI (30minutos) e GII (60minutos). Para a indução da atrofia muscular, a articulação do joelho direito foi imobilizada por 30 dias por transfixação percutânea tipo II. Após a retirada do aparelho de imobilização, foi realizada a EENM nos cães dos grupos GI e GII três vezes por semana, com intervalo mínimo de 48 horas entre cada sessão, pelo período de 60 dias. Foram mensuradas a perimetria da coxa, goniometria dos joelhos, atividade da enzima creatina-quinase (CK) e morfometria das fibras musculares do vasto lateral em cortes transversais colhido mediante a biópsia muscular. Não houve diferença quanto aos valores da perimetria da coxa e atividade da enzima CK. A goniometria revelou significância (P<0,05) nos grupos GI e GII entre os tempos zero e 30 minutos. Os grupos GI e GII apresentaram aumento significativo (P<0,05) da área de secção quando comparados com o dia zero e noventa. Pode-se concluir que a EENM de média frequência ocasiona hipertrofia do músculo vasto lateral em cães após atrofia muscular induzida. A EENM com duração de 60minutos (GII) promove um maior ganho de massa muscular em relação ao GI.
Effects of flow reduction and spillways on the composition and structure of benthic macroinvertebrate communities in a Brazilian river reach
Authors: Maroneze DM. , Tupinambás TH. , França JS. , Callisto M.
Published: August 2011

Dams are a major threat to aquatic biological diversity. By altering the natural flow of rivers, dams modify fluvial habitats, making them unsuitable for the growth and reproduction of many aquatic species. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of a reduced flow reach (RFR) on benthic macroinvertebrate communities. Benthic macroinvertebrates were collected at six sites downstream of the Amador Aguiar Power Plant I before (lotic phase) and after (semi-lentic phase) Araguari River mean flow was reduced from 346 to 7 m³.s-1. Changes in macroinvertebrates richness, diversity and total biomass were not observed. Ablabesmyia, Tanytarsus (Chironomidae, Diptera), Leptoceridae and Polycentropodidae (Trichoptera) densities significantly increased the first year after flow reduction and the construction of spillways (t-test; p < 0.05). An analysis of similarity (ANOSIM) showed statistical differences in taxonomical composition despite considerable overlap in communities between the lotic and semi-lentic phases (R = 0.3; p < 0.01). In both phases, the macroinvertebrates were characterised by the dominance of groups tolerant to human disturbance (e.g., Chironomidae, Ceratopogonidae and Oligochaeta) and by the presence of the alien bivalve species Corbicula fluminea (Veneroidae), suggesting that the river was already degraded before the hydraulic modifications. Since the 1980s, the Araguari River has been continuously subjected to human pressures (e.g., cascade dams, urbanization and replacement of native vegetation by pasture and crops). These activities have led to impoverishment of biological communities and have consequently altered the ecosystem.
O papel das proteínas do citoesqueleto na fisiologia celular normal e em condições patológicas
Authors: Monteiro Mariana Raquel , Kandratavicius Ludmyla , Leite João Pereira
Published: August 2011

INTRODUÇÃO: O citoesqueleto é uma complexa rede de proteínas que determina a forma da célula. Ele é fundamental para que ocorra a movimentação celular; proporciona o suporte estrutural e mobilidade de organelas intracelulares e a estrutura para movimentação e separação de cromossomos durante a divisão celular. Os componentes principais do citoesqueleto são os microfilamentos, os filamentos intermediários e os microtúbulos. Os microtúbulos são formados por dímeros de α e β tubulina que se associam à proteínas específicas, as proteínas asssociadas aos microtúbulos (MAPs). A associação diferencial entre estas proteínas possibilita ampla variedade na modulação de função dos componentes do citoesqueleto no meio celular. As MAPs expressas no sistema nervoso central (SNC), MAP2 e tau, possuem diferentes isoformas geradas por processamento alternativo. O objetivo da presente revisão é de descrever e discutir as principais funções das proteínas do citoesqueleto em condições normais e patológicas, com destaque na fisiopatologia das epilepsias. RESULTADOS: As MAPs possuem funções essenciais nas células neuronais, agem principalmente na formação estrutural destas células, garantindo sua morfologia e regulando funções específicas. Alterações nos níveis de expressão de proteínas estruturais estão envolvidas em diversas patologias do SNC como a esquizofrenia, a epilepsia do lobo temporal, as displasias corticais e as desordens do desenvolvimento. Estudos com modelos animais de epilepsia e tecido humano proveniente de pacientes epilépticos têm mostrado que as crises epilépticas podem modificar a expressão das proteínas do citoesqueleto. CONCLUSÕES: Apesar do significativo conhecimento existente sobre o citoesqueleto e proteínas associadas aos microtúbulos, não se sabe exatamente os mecanismos responsáveis pelas modificações estruturais encontradas em algumas patologias. Além do papel bem estabelecido do citoesqueleto como componente estrutural e citoarquitetônico, sua participação como facilitador do tráfico intracelular de neurotransmissores e outras macromoléculas é função ainda a ser melhor explorada e compreendida.
Faculty Emotional Intelligence and Student-Faculty Interactions: Implications for Student Retention
Authors: Lillis Michael P.
Published: August 2011

This article examines the relationship between student-faculty interactions and student dropout intentions. It develops an integrative model that posits that the association between the frequency of student-faculty interactions and a student's intent to stay in college is positive, and becomes more positive as faculty emotional intelligence increases. Patterns of student attrition intentions are observed across different levels of faculty engagement and within and between high and low emotionally intelligent faculty groups. Findings revealed that frequent student-faculty exchanges significantly impact a student's desire to stay in college and that student faculty interactions predict student attrition intentions more strongly for those students assigned to faculty mentors who possess higher levels of emotional intelligence than for those assigned to faculty with lower emotional intelligence scores. Results are discussed in connection with research on student retention and for conceptual commentary on issues related to the examination of mentoring practices.
The Bounce Back Retention Program: One-Year Follow-UP Study
Authors: Hanger Maria Andujo , Goldenson Julie , Weinberg Marsha , Schmitz-Sciborski Amy , Monzon Reynaldo
Published: August 2011

This study provides results regarding the effectiveness of the Bounce Back Retention Program (BBRP), a semester-long voluntary course for students on academic probation (AP). This is the first phase of a longitudinal study of spring 2007 freshmen at San Diego State University (SDSU). Results were analyzed for three samples: 1) AP BBRP—Credit enrolled and earned course credit ( n = 81); 2) AP—BBRP No Credit enrolled but failed to earn course credit ( n = 44); and 3) AP—NonBBRP did not enroll in BBRP but were on AP ( n = 835). BBRP efficacy was assessed by comparing semester and cumulative GPA's, academic outcome (probation removal, probation continued, disqualification), and university departure rates between the three samples immediately after and up to three semesters later. Findings reveal AP BBRP = Credit students earned: higher GPA's, improved academic outcomes, and fewer departures from the university. The value of a theoretically-based programmatic approach to retention is discussed.
Impact of Past Experience on Perceived Value, Overall Satisfaction, and Destination Loyalty: A Comparison Between Visitor and Resident Attendees of a Festival
Authors: Deng Jinyang , Pierskalla Chad
Published: August 2011

This study examines the similarities and differences of the impact past experience has on perceived value, overall satisfaction, and destination loyalty between two groups: visitors and residents who attended the 2008 National Cherry Blossom Festival (NCBF). Data were collected using
the convenience sampling method and analyzed using factor analysis, t-tests, and one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA). The results indicate that there were major distinctions between first-time and repeat visitors with the latter being more positive than the former in their perception
of social and emotional values of the festival, more satisfied with and more loyal to the festival than the former. However, first-time and repeat residents did not differ significantly from each other. In addition, first-time visitors were found to be consistently different from repeat visitors,
first-time and repeat residents in perceived value, satisfaction, and destination loyalty while repeat visitors did not differ significantly from first-time and repeat residents. This study also found that overall satisfaction mediates the effect of the perceived value on destination loyalty
for the visitor group, regardless of past experience. However, for the resident group, the mediation effect is present for repeat residents, but not for first-time residents. Research implications and future research needs are also discussed.
Intercommunity Sport Events: Vehicles and Catalysts for Social Capital in Divided Societies
Authors: Schulenkorf Nico , Thomson Alana , Schlenker Katie
Published: August 2011

Sport events are believed to promote dialogue, integration, and peaceful understanding among disparate groups, even when other forms of negotiation have not been successful. However, the social outcomes from sport events are largely anecdotal and there is a need to empirically examine
the active engagement of groups with “others” in participatory sport event projects. This article investigates the potential of an intercommunity sport event in contributing to intergroup development and social capital building in the ethnically divided Sri Lanka. It follows an
interpretive mode of inquiry where findings are derived from the analysis of 35 in-depth interviews with Sinhalese, Tamil, Muslim, and international event stakeholders. By providing evidence of the varying sociocultural experiences at the event, this article discusses the event's impact on
intergroup relations and its influence on the stock of social capital available to communities. Findings can assist governments, policy makers, and nongovernmental organizations (NGOs) in advancing policies and practical measures that build on events as vehicles and catalysts for enhanced
intergroup relations and the creation of social capital.
Façade Shaping as Local Means Protecting Against Traffic Noise
Authors: Janczur Ryszard , Walerian Elzbieta , Czechowicz Mieczyslaw
Published: August 2011

Based on the simulation program, it is possible to modify a shape of a building façade to obtain favourable conditions of acoustical climate. The favourable conditions are searched for in a form of a recess in a building façade creating a vertical niche. Observing the
recess parameters and the building position in relation to the road, the range of the total positive effect is defined. The applied simulation program considers a road structure and traffic composition as well as influence of surrounding objects. Adjusting the modelling accuracy, the simulation
model validation range is defined. The comparison with the field measurements showed that the simulation model could be applied for upper floors of the high-rise building. For this range, the obtained results can be applied in designing of the noise abatement means.