bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Pilot safety enhancement for on‐board ground collision avoidance systems
Authors: Pinchak Stephen J. , Ray Asok
Published: July 2002

The goal of the paper is to present an enhancement of the existing on‐board ground collision avoidance system (GCAS) that is designed to increase pilot safety in USAF A‐10 aircraft. The A‐10 is a single‐seat, twin‐engine aircraft with a 30mm, seven‐barreled Gatling gun and 11 weapon pylons designed to fly at low level in close air support missions. The GCAS system provides both visual and aural cues for a pilot‐initiated recovery. The proposed algorithm of GCAS enhancement is built on a simple linear regression model that predicts the recovery height of the aircraft following a warning call and allows pilots to compare their own training events with flight test standards. This paper presents a discussion of model development, validation and comparison of the model predictions with actual flight test events. A comparison of recovery techniques and pilot options is included. A series of recommendations and possible usage for Air Force pilot training are also discussed.
Actuation systems development
Authors: Ford Terry
Published: July 2002

Looks at recent developments in methods of decentralising an aircraft’s hydraulic system made possible by the production of miniaturised electro‐hydraulic pumps with their own “smart” actuators.
The temperature dependencies of susceptibility of 654SMO and 316L stainless steels to pitting
Authors: Darowicki K. , Krakowiak S.
Published: July 2002

Performed investigations by cyclic thermometry in a solution containing 1 per cent H2SO4 by weight admixed with chloride ions in 0.2 per cent quantity by weight at 553K have shown that 654SMO steel is not susceptible to pitting, while 316L steel is intensively attacked in investigation conditions. On cyclic thermograms for 316L steel three temperature zones can be distinguished. The first zone is the zone of resistance to pitting. In the third temperature zone rapid development of pits is observed. The second intermediate temperature range includes the process of initiation and formation of pits. The temperature of pitting corrosion of 316L steel depends linearly on the applied polarisation. The temperature determined by extrapolation for a polarisation equal to zero is the measure of resistance to pitting corrosion. The pitting corrosion temperature determined in this way is related to stationary conditions, with no polarisation.
Mechanism of corrosion inhibition by the 2‐chloroethyl phosphonic acid – Zn2+ system
Authors: Rajendra S. , Apparao B.V. , Palaniswamy N.
Published: July 2002

The synergistic effect of sodium salt of 2‐chloroethyl phosphonic acid (2‐Cl EPA) and Zn2+, in controlling corrosion of carbon steel in a neutral aqueous environment containing 60ppm Cl–, was evaluated by weight‐loss and electrochemical methods. A formulation consisting of 300ppm 2‐Cl EPA and 300ppm Zn2+ was observed to deliver 95 percent inhibition efficiency. A suitable mechanism of corrosion inhibition has been proposed which is based on the results obtained from polarization study and uv‐visible absorption and reflectance spectra. 2‐Cl EPA‐Zn2+ system appears to function as a mixed inhibitor. The protective film consisted of Fe2+ ‐2‐Cl EPA complex, Zn(OH)2 and oxides of iron. The film was found to be semiconducting in nature.
Role of silicon in the corrosion resistance of Cu‐Si alloys in natural seawater
Authors: Singh Inder , Basu D.K. , Singh M.N. , Bhattamishra A.K. , Dev S.C.
Published: July 2002

Silicon plays a vital role in the corrosion resistance of Cu‐Si alloys by forming a copper silicide protective layer on the surface of the alloys in natural seawater but, for the higher percentage of silicon content in the alloy (10 wt. per cent), sometimes, with the synergistic effect of the silicide layer along with free silicon, protection takes place. Electrochemical behaviour test using computerized potentiostat/galvanostat (PARC Model No. 273, EG&G, USA) immersion test in natural seawater and X‐ray diffraction analysis using Simons D‐500 diffractometer support the phenomenon.
Electrochemical investigations of stainless steels used in flue‐gas desulphurization units
Authors: Darowicki K. , Krakowiak S.
Published: July 2002

Presents the results of direct current polarization and exposure measurements of alloy steels, used as construction materials for flue‐gas desulphurization units. Ascertains that in some cases there is unconformity between results of classic anodic cyclic polarization and results of laboratory exposure. Proposes a modified methodology for the evaluation of the susceptibility of alloy steels to pitting (multiple anodic polarization). Discusses results on the basis of the tested steels’ composition analysis and results of polarization measurements. Determines the conditions in which the pitting resistance equivalent should be used. Tests have been carried out in electrolyte‐simulating conditions in the purified gas zone of the wet flue‐gas desulphurization units. On the basis of the experimental data, determines flexibility for pitting corrosion of investigated materials.
The effect of dibenzylsulfoxide and sodium phosphate on the stress corrosion cracking of steels
Authors: Mutombo P. , Sajdl P. , Vosta J. , Matocha K.
Published: July 2002

This article aims to study the inhibition of Stress Corrosion Cracking (SCC) of steels (22K and OCH18N10T) in citric acid and sodium chloride. The effect of the investigated inhibitors; dibenzylsulfoxide (DBSO) and sodium phosphate (Na3PO4) was established by means of slow strain rate technique (SSRT). It was observed that DBSO positively influences the susceptibility of given steels to SCC. It was found that sodium phosphate inhibits the SCC of 22K, but increases the susceptibility of OCH18N10T steel to SCC.
Corrosion effects on the electrical performance of silver metal contacts
Authors: Vassiliou Panayota , Dervos Constantine T.
Published: July 2002

In this work, commercial silver metal contacts welded on top of silver plated brass or brass substrates have been exposed to air rich in NaCl. Scanning electron microscopy and energy dispersive analysis of the exposed contact surfaces were performed to identify the corrosion by‐products on top of the silver contacts, suspending wafers, and welding materials. Surface corrosion products were mainly found to consist of small spherules of Cu‐Zn or Ag‐Cu compounds which cover the surface of the contact proper with low adhesion properties. They mainly originate from the underplating wafer or welding materials. Electrical characterization of the contacting materials was based on dc temperature overheat tests, current switching cycle tests, and energy storage during ac current excitation. The experimental results display that the operating environment is indeed a very significant parameter determining the overall performance of the electrical contacts. New design rules as well as material selection properties may have to be systematically considered to allow for electrochemical induced degradation in saline operating environments.
Can liquid crystalline polymers find application in the field of protective coatings?
Authors: Carfagna Cosimo , Giamberini Marta , Amendola Eugenio
Published: July 2002

Glycidyl terminated rigid‐rod monomers can be cured in a liquid crystalline state. The resulting thermoset offers high potential as protective coating thanks to its outstanding properties. In particular a superior fracture toughness and a reduced internal stress are two typical parameters offered by this new class of compounds. Transport properties are not strongly affected by the state of order of the cross‐linked resin, in the sense that gas permeabilities are of the same order of magnitude of conventional epoxy resins.
Isobutanol effect on the production rates of copper powder on rotating zinc disc
Authors: El‐Batouti Mervette
Published: July 2002

The rates of copper/zinc cementation reaction in isobutanol‐water mixture was measured at different temperatures using an atomic absorption spectrophotometer. The rate of cementation decreases with increasing the percentage composition of alcohol, and increases by increasing temperature and the rate of rotation. Thermodynamic parameters ΔH*, ΔG* and ΔS* were calculated.
Corrosion inhibition by N coco‐amine‐2‐proprionic acid on mild steel in CO2 saturated 5 per cent NaCl at pH 6.5
Authors: Malik Hassan
Published: July 2002

Work has been performed to assess the corrosion inhibiting performance of a tertiary amine possessing two carboxylic acid groups (N coco‐amine‐2‐proprionic acid), on initially clean and pre‐corroded mild steel. Using linear polarisation and AC impedance high levels of efficiency were measured within the first hour of inhibitor addition at a concentration level of 10ppm. Simultaneously rapid anodic changes in corrosion potential were observed. With increasing pre‐corrosion decreased efficiencies were obtained, but still greater than 90 per cent, and this coincided with a less rapid alteration in steady state potential. The good response of the inhibitor has been attributed to the adsorption of negatively charged oxygens at the anodic sites on the metal surface, although pitting was detected once testing was terminated. Previously using inhibitors possessing positive charges (short and long chained quarternary amines), under the same environmental conditions, efficiencies > 90 per cent after the first hour were not achieved.
Recent developments in specification of “prelubes”, combining processes between the mill and the motor industry
Authors: Lea Cliff
Published: July 2002

This paper looks at the development of prelubes, new coating fluids which can eliminate application of further specialist deep drawing compounds at the press shop. The work carried out by the German Motor Industry, VDA, to establish a specification for prelubes is highlighted, and the full sequence of tests and stages built into this new specification is outlined.
Strategic and regional initiatives in the Agri‐food industry in Wales
Authors: Morley Adrian , Sparkes Adrian , Thomas Brychan
Published: July 2002

The paper focuses on an explanatory account of the Agri‐food Partnership in Wales (including the objectives, structure, participants, funding, decisions and activities); the relationship between the Partnership and other initiatives and bodies in the sector; and this is all set against an overview of the Agri‐food sector in Wales (describing the structure and outputs) and the key issues and problems it faces. The paper proceeds with a description of the particular paths of research being pursued by the authors, and concludes with contemplation of the broader, more theoretical questions to be addressed.
Evian Water
Authors: Paul Dana Leo
Published: July 2002

An established firm – the bottler of Evian Water – had established a global image for its brand, but consultants were suggesting that the lack of change might be perceived as old‐fashioned. In contrast, others felt, “If it is already good, why change it?”
Using simulations in the optimisation of fast food service delivery
Authors: Church Ivor , Newman Andrew J.
Published: July 2002

This research focuses on the UK fast food retailers and the importance of the service delivery systems in fast food burger outlets. Waiting time and the impact it has on customer perceptions of service quality is considered alongside a typology of customers, based on their waiting characteristics. A number of critical components that affect customer queuing and crowding emerge as an inherent part of the production‐line service system. The paper asserts that the cost‐effective maximisation of service speed is likely to be the primary consideration for management, and lead to business success. When using conventional research approaches, such as tracking studies and queuing theory, these arguably offer burger restaurant managers a rather simplistic analysis. The research concludes, therefore, that modern computer‐based simulation packages offer a way of measuring most of the influencing factors, and is an opportunity for leading fast food retailers to optimise their (total) product positioning.
Atlas Ltd, in the Balkans
Authors: Paul Dana Leo
Published: July 2002

Atlas Ltd was a small local enterprise, bottling soft drinks for the Albanian market. Although Atlas Ltd was not actively seeking to expand into foreign markets, the domestic market in Albania was becoming flooded with competition from abroad. The time had come to evaluate strategy, and plan for the future.
Issues relating to the enforcement and deregulation of Part V of the Weights and Measures Act 1985
Authors: Grigg Nigel P. , Williams Jane
Published: July 2002

In July 1999, a consultation paper was issued by the DTI relating to the modernisation of Part V of the Weights and Measures Act 1985. This was in response to issues concerning the complexity of the legislation, the burden it places on traders, and its appropriateness in the modern trading environment. The research described in this was begun shortly before publication of the document, with the aim of establishing the views of Trading Standards Officers on current problems with the legislation and its enforcement, from the point of view of those who are responsible for its enforcement, and for bringing prosecutions. The research was carried out via a survey, results of which were analysed using exploratory Principal Components Analysis, t‐tests, and correlation analysis. Path analysis was used as a final stage in order to produce a model of the factors that significantly influence officers’ perceptions of the legislation/enforcement.
Visual texture perception in formulated chilled dairy desserts
Authors: Imram Nazlin
Published: July 2002

This study aimed to examine in detail the underlying factors which affect visual texture perception based on existing sensory methodology. The visual properties of dairy dessert samples were manipulated via a full factorial design, with four factors, screened from a fractional design of eight factors. Fifteen assessors, trained solely in visual profiling based on the Quantitative Descriptive Analysis (QDA)1 method, analysed 16 formulations of mousse dessert products over ten visual texture attributes. The visual profile data were examined using analysis of variance (ANOVA), principal component analysis (PCA) and generalised Procrustes analysis (GPA) methods. ANOVA results showed that cream levels significantly affected all the visual textures (p < 0.05). It was also found that levels of blue colourant significantly affected the perception of creaminess (p < 0.05). The results suggest the possibilities of food formulators producing detectable variation in visual texture parameters which may subsequently affect quality perception in chilled dairy dessert products.
Reply to “Predicting the size of the epidemic of the new variant of Creutzfeldt‐Jakob disease” by Neil Ferguson, Christl A. Donnelly, Azra C. Ghani and Roy M. Anderson
Authors: Thomas Philip , Newby Martin
Published: July 2002

The authors welcome the debate hosted by the British Food Journal on the likely size of the outbreak of New Variant CJD, if it is caused by eating BSE‐contaminated beef. We are pleased that there is a substantial measure of agreement between our estimates and those of Ferguson et al., for the most likely number of deaths, even if there is disagreement on the upper bound. We note that our low predictions for vCJD deaths based on vCJD data to the end of 1997 continue to be borne out by figures available at the time of writing, one year later.
The Bulgarian Vintner Company
Authors: Bainbridge Stephen
Published: July 2002

Wine production has been a tradition in the rich and varied land of Bulgaria’s countryside for centuries. Vinprom, the state wine producing organisation, began to recognise some of the problems that could be caused by adhering to state policy and perceived a need for improved quality at winery level to encourage better overseas sales. Some wineries were allowed to become independent as an experiment designed to discover what results the wineries could produce given the freedom to negotiate prices with growers and experiment with the wines produced. At the same time the company began to exploit Western markets. The UK in particular became a surprising and an important market for Bulgarian red wine.
Food industry and business excellence – partners for the future – A report on the food and drinks industry business excellence conference
Authors: Adebanjo Dotun
Published: July 2002

Reports on the third annual conference on benchmarking in the food and drinks industry. Presentations focused on business excellence in general and benchmarking. Companies such as Cargill, Sainsbury, Birds Eye Wall, Quadrant Catering, Cherrytree Bakery and Campbells were represented by the presenters.
Reflections of Two Pragmatists
Authors: Caple Jim , Martin Paul
Published: July 2002

Contains a critique of Honey and Mumford′s learning style theory, while
recognizing its pioneering achievements. Questions what Honey and
Mumford mean by learning and experience and explores the validity of
viewing experience as the primary “motor” of learning. Raises doubts about
the sequence of the learning cycle as depicted by Honey and Mumford.
Asks: Does the learning styles questionnaire meaningfully measure
learning preferences or is it more accurately a personality
questionnaire? What do certain questionnaire scores mean, e.g. low
scores across the spectrum? Do not certain subjects and situations
prescribe the learning approach regardless of one′s preference?
Money, Money, Money
Authors: Macaulay Stephen , Pringle Roger
Published: July 2002

Examines an approach to the development of managers which leads to a
real understanding of finance. Uses a case study of a medium‐sized
software company to illustrate that financial training should be part of
a larger culture and process change thrust. This is likely to involve
employee information, tailored training, staff involvement in financial
management and making a culture shift to more independent, involved
employees.
The Need for Diversity in Corporate Training
Authors: Allen Richard
Published: July 2002

Describes the training programme set up by Allrich, Inc. a highly
successful manufacturing firm. The aim was to set up a training model
which was sufficiently flexible to accommodate the needs of all
individuals in the organization. It was set up on the basis of
organization mission statements, out of which a corporate needs profile
was drawn up. This was followed by assessment of individual learning
needs to provide an individual needs profile. The goal was for each
learner to define what his or her training programme would be like and
to be responsible for organizing it. Identifies the advantage of the
model.
Technology Transfer and Human Resource Development
Authors: Hong Jon‐Chao
Published: July 2002

Defines technology transfer in the macroeconomic sense and highlights
three factors which must be taken into account, namely contrast,
similarity and compatibility. Advises examination of social and economic
costs before embarking on such a project. Identifies human resources as
the most important element of technology transfer, as it influences both
the acquisition and integration of new technology. Provides a
five‐stage transfer plan and explains how to overcome problems with
staff mentality and “short circuits” in the thought process.
Incorporating competence into the long‐term evaluation of training
and development
Authors: Rowe Christopher
Published: July 2002

Considers competence – what the competence‐based approach
means, how it has developed, and how it can be used in the long‐term
evaluation of training and development. Focuses on defining what
criteria are used for assessing competence; how such criteria are
measured; which criteria are most apt in each particular instance; why
certain forms of behaviour are thought to be competent; where the
approach can prove most useful; who determines competence; and when is
individual competence (as opposed to team competence) the thing to aim
for. Considers how competence‐based qualifications can be incorporated
with knowledge‐based qualifications and draws examples from the British
Aerospace experience. Concludes by questioning whether the political
debate is coming full circle, with the pendulum swinging back to
knowledge‐based qualifications.
Budget fusion: a profitable synergy of systems and people investment
Authors: Paich Milo R.
Published: July 2002

Argues that many performance improvement programmes can be evaluated in the light of expected gains in customer retention, which in turn will improve profits. Customer service transactions involve people who are supported by computers. Therefore, a performance improvement strategy will consider the ways in which people respond to people, and software responds to people. Yet in most organizations the software and human sides of service are managed ‐ and budgeted for ‐ at opposite ends of the building. When systems and people resources are polarized, the corporate strategy may look cohesive on paper but may be for all practical purposes a box of loose pieces. Presents the budget fusion idea which considers certain systems and people outlays as a unified investment in pursuit of a value‐added goal: retention of profitable customers.
The design of learning events
Authors: Heap Nick
Published: July 2002

Considers eight principles that make for effective learning events: congruence, trust building, having a clear purpose, emphasizing the positive, creating ownership, thinking about whole people, using a complete process and client centredness. These principles lead to events where people learn well because they are safe and supported and their experience is positive. Describes two successful learning events, a counselling skills course and a conference session that promoted understanding between governors, trainers and headteachers. The details of the training processes illustrate the practical use of the eight principles. Shows that it is essential to think about any training design from the trainee’s point of view and shows a trainer how to do this.
Lost for words … and losing business
Authors: Rees Jonathan I. , Rees Christopher J.
Published: July 2002

Highlights the fact that foreign language (FL) training is a problematic area for many companies. Outlines five approaches to FL training that can be adopted by organizations, ranging from the “language for all” approach to a highly selective approach based on job analysis and individual assessment. Points out that these approaches can be realized in part or whole by two very different implementation strategies.
Why learning is not a cycle: 2 ‐ developing pattern
Authors: Schlesinger Eric
Published: July 2002

Continues from part 1, published in Issue number 2, its critique of learning styles. States the need to take seriously the concept of “pattern” ‐ the unvarying design or master plan underlying variation. Patterns consist of rules that link and sequence elements as a system. The order created is dynamic and complex, but not as apparently organized as the learning cycle/circle/wheel/spiral. The use of pattern helps reveal deep aspects of learning. Through pattern we also discover perspectives, sense and meaning; thinking is patterns of connected ideas. Both patterns and thinking are mental plans. Thinking approaches to learning are excellently suited to handling the uncertainty, ambiguity and contentious nature of “wild” problems before attempting “tame” solutions. Three methodologies meet basic criteria for understanding wild problems. They shed light on the puzzling and dangerous phenomenon of treating wild problems as if they were tame ones ‐ “reorganizing the deck chairs on the Titanic”.
Delivering training down the line
Authors: Gilleard Jenni
Published: July 2002

Considers companies’ increasing demand for “just‐in‐time”, “just‐for‐me” training to meet the need for cost‐effective and performance‐focused competitiveness. Examines how developments in technological communication can assist training delivery to match changing company objectives. Discusses the training implications of harnessing in‐house e‐mail facilities for creating better individual responsibility and empowerment for learning, particularly in cultures of high power distance. Suggests e‐mail training can act as a catalyst for successful change‐making by providing training with a minimum of delay and maximum of personal tailoring, while also helping to transcend the cultural divide between East and West.
Motivation factors that force a sales training programme and the experience within the brewing industry
Authors: Vignali C.
Published: July 2002

After slumping sales in the 1950s, the brewing industry experienced three great decades. The recovery happened because the new generation of brewers, distributors and retailers woke up to the challenge of the time. During the 1990s and into the millennium it is yet again time to face new challenges in the industry. Although innovation in products is vital, a second area where brewers need to show innovation and take action is in customer service, and the development of training for the salesforce. Looks at motivational themes and evaluates research that help mould proposed training programmes.
New competences, new organizations in a developing world
Authors: Civelli Franco F.
Published: July 2002

Observes that as traditional structures are disappearing, new roles are developing and new professionalisms are required, not only by markets but from society too. Big differences are also noticeable in large and small organizations in the Italian market. Requirements in human resource development (HRD) approaches are very different, so different tools from those of the recent past are required. HRD professionals are engaged in new approaches where culture, soft skills, communication and competences are key factors. The impact of new technologies on organizations needs a different approach to traditional concepts of “time” and “space”. New ethics and professional behaviours are required. A crucial question arises: is work today a value or not a value? New training and education approaches will have to be considered. Key differences will be evaluated, namely multicultural, ageism, temporary jobs, motivation and reward systems. Our focus will be on individual/personal variables and on competences, not only linked to performance but as the basis of interpersonal, intergroup, interorganizational elements. At the same time, organizational approaches will be reconsidered against competences and changes to be developed.
Visual disability, learning and education ‐ a practical approach
Authors: Browell Sue
Published: July 2002

This article considers a case study involving a disabled student and a university in the North of England. The recent UK Disability Discrimination Act 1995 is considered briefly. The implications for teaching, administrative and support staff are reviewed and practical approaches to accommodate the student and teaching staff involved are outlined including details of learning resources. A model of best practice is proposed and finally, sources of additional information are listed. The issues and solutions outlined in this article are clearly also applicable to training and development professionals in terms of running courses and workshops for employees with disabilities.
Newcastle Business School and Newcastle City Council: a developmental partnership
Authors: Mavin Sharon
Published: July 2002

The public sector in the UK now seems to be on a new course. The sharper business focus within the public sector has brought a recognition that organisations must invest training and development in their greatest asset – their staff. Regular surveys by the Industrial Society reveal a trend to using universities as external providers of training and development. Newcastle City Council and Newcastle Business School are building a developmental partnership through postgraduate management education. The aim of the partnership is to focus attention on the development of individuals, running parallel to organisational development and culture change. The article outlines the organisational contexts, the aims of the developmental pathway and the postgraduate provision. The logistics of the developmental partnership are presented, from selection to individual learning and development and the article concludes by offering significant learning points to those planning similar partnerships to facilitate HR development.
Making the most of our libraries: library catalogue access ‐ the issues and the opportunities
Authors: Bryant Philip
Published: July 2002

Indicates the benefits to be gained from a comprehensive programme of retrospective conversion of manual catalogue records into machine readable form. Enumerates the scale of the task involved and the likely costs of the programme derived. Raises a range of issues arising from or relating to retrospective conversion and discusses the management implications. Lists a number of initiatives already undertaken and outlines the development of a possible national strategy.
Practical expertise in product development
Authors: Doff Simon
Published: July 2002

The London Food Centre was launched in February 1999 by the Ministry of Agriculture Fisheries and Food to help small and medium‐sized food businesses expand and improve their profitability. The London Food Centre gives food businesses an enhanced knowledge of the technology and science that lies behind their products and processes. This knowledge enables them to raise the efficiency, reliability and safety of their operations as well as increasing the quality and diversity of their product range.
Diet and fertility
Authors: Blades Mabel
Published: July 2002

Being under‐ or overweight is a factor which affects women’s fertility. Zinc and folic acid are believed to be vital nutrients in human reproduction. The other factors which can affect fertility are environmental pollutants, illness, medication and treatments, alcohol, smoking and recreational drug use.
Dietary advice to customers of a retail pharmacy store
Authors: Blades Mabel
Published: July 2002

The initiative, to enable customers to receive dietary advice from a state‐registered dietitian, in the pharmacy stores of Superdrug in the Midlands, provided an easily accessible and useful way of making available such advice to those visiting the store.
Fermented dairy products: an example of managing creativity?
Authors: Strugnell Christopher
Published: July 2002

Fermented dairy products are increasing in consumer acceptance;
discusses two such examples – yogurt and fromage frais – in
detail. Also refers to the creative side to product development and how
fermented products in general have been managed creatively. Also
mentions the different starter cultures used in yogurt fermentations and
the potential health benefits, if any. Uses cone penetrometry to assess
the different textural properties of fermented dairy products such as
yogurt and fromage frais.
Statistics for food science I
Authors: Bower John A.
Published: July 2002

Begins an introduction to statistics for the food scientist. Aimed
at the non‐mathematician, discusses the application of the statistical
approach and introduces statistical measures for data presentation and
summary.
Preventing heart disease and stroke: do women have to diet?
Authors: Barfield Arnold
Published: July 2002

The question is: should women be encouraged to reduce dietary fats
– especially saturated fats – as a measure to prevent
cardiovascular disease (i.e. heart disease plus stroke)? Presents
evidence to support the conclusion that enhanced levels of blood
cholesterol do not indicate enhanced risk of cardiovascular disease in
women. Similar evidence supports the conclusion that enhanced blood
cholesterol levels do not indicate enhanced risk of all‐cause death,
i.e. they do not indicate reduced life expectancy. Hence there is no
rational basis for adopting a diet designed to reduce cholesterol, e.g.
one based on reduced consumption of saturated fat. These conclusions
illustrate the undesirability of pursuing measures to reduce a single
disease – in this case coronary heart disease – in isolation
from consideration of risk relations for other ailments and for overall
health.
Food safety enforcement and the hospitality industry
Authors: Adams Alan , Morrell Stewart
Published: July 2002

A good relationship between the hospitality industry and environmental health officers is seen as essential if food poisoning statistics are to be improved in the future. A questionnaire issued to both parties indicates that there are still areas of disagreement which need to be bridged if progress in food safety is to be made.
FOOD MATTERS – a nutrition award for Hertfordshire schools
Authors: Rochford Lucy
Published: July 2002

FOOD MATTERS is an award scheme that aims to encourage healthy eating amongst pupils in Hertfordshire schools. The FOOD MATTERS Award seeks to encourage a whole school approach to healthy eating. To achieve the Award, schools must carry out the following: set up a FOOD MATTERS co‐ordination group; gain the FOOD MATTERS catering certificate by meeting set catering criteria; and identify and achieve targets regarding the promotion of healthy eating in school. Schools participating in FOOD MATTERS have carried out many different projects. These include a pupil‐run healthier tuck shop; a “try it and you might like it” day (to encourage primary school pupils to eat more fruit and vegetables); the introduction of “fruit smoothies”, (to increase pupils’ intake of fruit and high‐calcium foods); a fruit‐sharing scheme; and the installation of new drinking fountains.
Osteoporosis and coeliac disease
Authors: Andrews Alison
Published: July 2002

Describes coeliac disease with its increased risk of osteoporosis for the patient. Often misdiagnosed or not recognised early, coeliac disease leads to further complications, particularly osteoporosis. Provides eating/nutrition guidelines for coeliac sufferers to avoid osteoporosis in later life.
Obesity, weight‐reducing programmes and constipation
Authors: Anderson Elaine , Davies Jill
Published: July 2002

Highlights the prevalence, causes and health risks of obesity. Then continues by looking at the health incentives of weight loss through commercial weight‐reducing diets and the health problems incurred during such a diet in respect of reduced energy intake and reduction of non‐starch polysaccharides which can lead to constipation and associated bowel diseases. Tips to increase the intake of non‐starch polysaccharides are given in the context of weight‐reduction programmes.
Bonded coatings for the reduction of friction and wear
Authors: Peter Thomas , Atkinson Richard
Published: July 2002

The various types and application of bonded coatings are described, and their ability to reduce friction and wear. The composition and nature of the active ingredients are also covered, together with brief details of manufacturing processes. Examples are given of typical current application areas, although the potential of these types of coatings is such that the number of new applications is escalating rapidly.
The Employment and Schooling Dilemma
Authors: Lindsay Sandra , Hobbs Sandy , McKechnie Jim
Published: July 2002

The “Open Campus” scheme piloted in the USA aims to combine employment and
schooling to tackle the growing problem of alienated pupils with few
qualifications or skills. Recently it has been suggested that such
schemes could tackle similar problems in Britain. Given that research
findings indicate that children′s jobs are generally low paid, routine
and unskilled and that working in excess of ten hours per week carries
potential costs to educational performance and commitment, the reasoning
behind this suggestion is questioned.
Mentoring for Black Students
Authors: Kane Leonora
Published: July 2002

Discusses the North London mentoring programme for black students.
Identifies the reasons for this initiative, explaining the issues the
programme aimed to address and how. Outlines the aims, structure,
purpose and method of the programme, indicating the target group.
Profiles the actual groups and indicates outcomes. Discusses issues
which have arisen in implementing the programme, commenting on the
programme′s effectiveness. Makes specific reference to research material
which is relevant to the needs of the target group and has informed the
programme philosophy, design and implementation. Highlights issues
emerging from the programme.
Making education our business: lessons and issues
Authors: Miller Andrew
Published: July 2002

Describes research undertaken in 50 companies, small, medium and large, concerning companies’ collaboration with education. Charts the rationale for company involvement, describes the types of activities undertaken and the ways in which such activities are organized and managed. Demonstrates the outcomes and benefits for business and for education of such collaborative activity. Illustrates examples of good practice by two case studies collected during the course of the research. They are illustrative of the range of activities undertaken and the mutual benefits derived. Points to the need for better monitoring and evaluation of such activities in order to secure benefits to both business and education.
IT’s for girls ‐ or is it?
Authors: Ordidge Irene
Published: July 2002

Provides an overview of the current situation relating to girls and young women and IT‐related education and careers. Compares UK IT employment statistics with other European countries, the USA and Singapore, and looks at attitudes to IT and participation in IT‐related activities. Considers a government initiative alongside media coverage to gain an insight into the many factors affecting the issue. Details the “Attracting Girls to IT” project currently being organized by the National Council for Educational Technology and outlines strategies for improving the situation in education and training environments.
Unintentional learning and the occupational health and safety experience
Authors: Dodge R. Bruce
Published: July 2002

The purpose of this paper is to explore unintentional learning through an examination of the practical implications of it as experienced in the field of occupational health and safety, and the role of government in addressing those implications by way of learning at the level of culture change. The paper examines various learning models and assumptions and challenges the application of these assumptions in the workplace as evidenced in the field of occupational health and safety. The paper posits that a large body of “unintentional” learning exists within the workplace which is not the result of conscious decisions and lacks critical reflection on the possible outcomes. These learnings may have negative consequences that are at odds with stated or intended policy. It suggests actions which can be taken to identify and mitigate unintentional learnings and their outcomes.
Promoting a culture of learning through education business partnership in Tower Hamlets: a case study of the Bankers Trust initiative with Morpeth School
Authors: Hale Mathew
Published: July 2002

The partnership between Bankers Trust and a local secondary school is now in its third year. This paper examines the origins and development of the partnership. It discusses the success of the partnership using quantitative measurements, including significant improvements in exam performance, attendance and exclusions and qualitative measurements, like the improved atmosphere within the school and the pride the students now have in it. It also highlights the perceived benefits for the company. The project is already used as a template for similar initiatives by the local Education Business Partnership. This case study shows how similar projects could be developed and monitored in other areas.
The differences between appraisal schemes: variation and
acceptability
Authors: Fisher Colin M.
Published: July 2002

Comprises Part II of a two‐part exploration of the consequences of
variability in the design of appraisal schemes. While Part I was
descriptive, Part II suggests prescriptions to help scheme designers to
devise proposals which are commensurate with appraisees′ worries,
arguments and expectations.
Experiencing organizational change: triggers, processes and
outcomes of change journeys
Authors: Stuart Roger
Published: July 2002

Describes research into managers′ experiences of significant
organizational change attempts. The research project was aimed at
developing frameworks which: describe, illuminate and enable a better
understanding of managers′ journeys through organizational change; serve
as a template for bringing together the very diverse and fragmented
literature relating to individuals experiencing change; highlight issues
and pointers for the design and facilitation of effective organizational
change initiatives. The first part describes the context, spirit,
intentions, sample and methodology of the research. Also, reviews a
broad range of literature which can inform our understanding of
individuals in change. Propounds the need to open up the “real
world” of organizational change, as perceived and experienced by
managers, rather than any “ideal” view of how that world is
desired or supposed to be. Presents and discusses research findings on
the sensed and initiating “primary” triggers for change‐that
is, the formal and communicated organizational change objectives; and
the perceived and felt “secondary” triggers for change‐that
is, the issues raised by, and the implications of, the organizational
changes for individual managers. The second part presents a framework
depicting the phases and components of managers′ journeys through
organizational change. On the framework, the experience of managers can
be located, in terms of their thoughts, feelings and behaviours, as the
processes of change unfold. While each manager′s journey was found to be
unique, the framework proved to be ubiquitous in enabling the mapping of
all the managers′ journeys, and it also accommodates literature on
phenomena as diverse as learning, personal transition, catastrophe and
survival, trauma and stress, loss and “death”, and worry and
grief. The findings emphasize the profoundness and deeply felt
emotionality of many managers′ experiencing of change in organizations.
Finally, identifies the outcomes of managers′ journeys through
significant attempts at organizational change. Also presents the
reported helping and hindering factors to those journeys. Implications
of these findings are pursued, particularly in terms of the leadership
and development roles and behaviours required, if the organization and
its management are to move beyond simply requiring change towards
actively facilitating its achievement.
A perspective on knowledge, competence and strategy
Authors: von Krogh Georg , Roos Johan
Published: July 2002

Highlights that although the idea that competences are underlying
sustainable competitive advanta ges is central, there has been no
thorough investigation into the very nature of competences in the
strategic management literature. Uses theories on the sociology of
knowledge to advance the resource‐based perspective of the firm into a
coherent perspective of competences. Discusses the implications on
sustainable competitive advantages by focusing on the processes of
imitation of competences in different social contexts. Proposes that the
emergent competence‐based perspective of the firm has several important
implications for management research and theory building.
The continuity of discontinuity
Authors: Thompson Paul , O′Connell Davidson Julia
Published: July 2002

The need for a permanent revolution in organizational structures
and use of human resources is legitimated by reference to the need to
adapt to ever more turbulent times. This gives rise to and is sustained
by a distinctive anti‐bureaucratic rhetoric based largely on over‐hyped,
unrepresentative examples and misunderstood processes. However, though
empirically unsustainable, the rhetoric survives, in part because this
kind of managerial discourse is playing by different rules. Explores and
challenges the internal dynamics of this discourse to show that the
rhetoric of discontinuity has been a continuous feature. Uses case
studies of privatized utilities and analysis of the literature to
explore both the gap between rhetoric and reality, and how managers
operate in that gap.
Re‐thinking training needs analysis
Authors: Chiu Warren , Thompson David , Mak Wai‐ming , Lo K.L.
Published: July 2002

This paper reviews the literature on training needs analysis with the intention of organising conceptually the various approaches. It offers a way of going beyond simple descriptions to a quantitative approach. A simple yet comprehensive model is proposed which consists of four aspects focusing on four related questions: Who are the key initiators of the TNA studies? What are the levels of interest in the studies (i.e. organization, process, group and individual)? What methods of analysis are used? What is the intended outcome of the analysis? Based on these, four hypotheses are proposed. A literature search produced a total of 118 articles, of which 44 were randomly picked for detailed review. As expected, the literature was dominated by “supply‐led” players, i.e. trainers and academics, but with an unexpectedly strong emphasis on the “demand‐led” aspects of the organisation, especially its business results and growth.
Climbing and walking robots gain respectability
Authors: Hollingum Jack
Published: July 2002

There has been a considerable growth of interest in climbing and walking robots since the first international conference in Brussels last year. The two‐day event at Portsmouth University attracted speakers from 20 countries, a number of whom were able to report on machines that have been built and successfully tested, and in some cases are under evaluation in industry. Supporting these from the end of academic research were papers dealing with simulation, control, locomotion, teleoperation, navigation, sensing and other aspects. Much of the work is being funded by the European Commission under the Brite‐Euram programme. The conference was preceded by a workshop day and included a small industrial exhibition.
In‐line laser measurement in the assembly process
Authors: Rzeznik Tom
Published: July 2002

Outlines the use of in‐line laser‐based data cameras for adaptive control and robot guidance applications in durable goods manufacturing processes. States that although traditionally such systems were used for quality control applications, they can now be used in many other situations. Describes the use of laser‐based triangulation measurement for adaptive control in the assembly process. Examines typical measurement features, measurement algorithms and software, visual fixturing and a number of applications. Concludes that laser‐based measurements provide rapid, accurate and reliable data and that it will enable automation of numerous processes.
Automated pipe inspection robot
Authors: Bright Glen , Ferreira Devon , Mayor Rhett
Published: July 2002

Automated inspection of the inner surface of a pipe can be achieved by a mobile robot. Pipe inspection is necessary to locate defects due to corrosion and wear while the pipe is transporting fluids. Pipe inspection devices are available for these tasks; they commonly use ultrasonic or magnetic flux variation to detect defects. Says that the magnitude of the costs involved in the development and implementation of these inspection techniques is such that it inhibits their more frequent and widespread use. Posits that the automated pipe inspection robot presented is a proposed cost‐effective alternative solution. The inspection device is a PC‐based design that uses mechatronic principles to ensure a purposeful interaction between the robot and its environment.