bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Introduction
Authors: Oulton Carolyn W. de la L.
Published: September 2022

The introduction argues that if the cultural history of seaside resorts is shaped by the metaphorical purposes to which they are put, then by definition it is embedded in histories of reading. Persistent anxieties about reading on holiday are explored in the context of health, recreation, gender and the railway. Concerns including unregulated sexuality, cross-class interaction, and the act of reading itself, infiltrate both realist and sensational fictional modes throughout the period 1840-1940. Equally characteristic of writing about the seaside, recognisable comic themes that emerged in literature from an early stage included tropes of the over-sexualised male, the flirtatious young woman and the marginalised spinster. These debates galvanise a new holiday market, and ultimately new sub-genres: crime and romance.
‘Wonderful and mysterious life’
Authors: Oulton Carolyn W. de la L.
Published: September 2022

Chapter 2 recovers ‘seaside reading’ as both the act of reading by the sea and a type of fiction, often featuring characters who travel to the coast from London. From the mid-19th century seaside reading was aligned with ‘railway reading’ and sensation fiction. In the 20th century the seaside sensation novel increasingly fractured into crime fiction and romantic novels. Meanwhile middlebrow writers strategically capitalised on the demand for holiday reading with a seaside setting, while resisting the designation of their work as ephemeral in the wake of modernist-inflected hierarchies. If 20th century genre fiction has its origins in the Victorian railway and seaside novel, it also shares many of its conflicted attitudes to its own subject matter.
‘Too Much Blamed Much Respectability’ Reading Culture and the Kent Resorts
Authors: Oulton Carolyn W. de la L.
Published: September 2022

Chapter 4 spotlights two of the most famous English seaside resorts, ‘Fashionable Folkestone’ and the more populist Margate in Kent. The late nineteenth century saw growing tension between conservative and more innovative literary custodians, exemplified through the introduction of public libraries in the last decades of the century. Drawing on previously unresearched archival material including library catalogues, periodicals and guide book marginalia, the chapter shows how reading as a practice is inflected by the context in which it takes place. By focusing on these archives as a network of local voices it becomes possible to trace the complex and often competing claims of local tradespeople, visitors and religious patrons as authorities on the reputation and character of their respective towns.
Conclusion
Authors: Oulton Carolyn W. de la L.
Published: September 2022

The conclusion draws on the previous chapters to reinstate neglected texts in the history of reading and the UK resorts. The seaside is deployed as a versatile symbol across a range of fictional sub-genres, allowing the sensational mode to infiltrate realism and challenging the boundaries of high and low literary culture. The interplay between physical and social health in the context of the seaside holiday both appears in and galvanises innovative fictional forms at a time when the act of reading itself was contested and subject to various degrees of control. Crucially seaside literature provides a point of intersection for debates on gender, class, health, death and leisure in the context of an immediately recognisable symbol of modernity: the railway.
Juvenal Satires Book III
Authors: Godwin John
Published: September 2022

The text is based on the most recent scholarship on the textual transmission, accompanied by a full apparatus criticus at the foot of each page and also a facing English translation. The translation sticks as closely to the Latin as possible, aiming to explain the meaning of Juvenal’s text while also producing a readable version which might be read by a reader who does not understand Latin.
Antithetical Anti-Heroes: Uses of the Past in Schoeman and Matthee
Authors: Pechey Graham
Published: September 2022

This chapter presents a discussion of two South African novels written in Afrikaans and translated into English: Karel Schoeman’s ’n Ander Land (1984), translated as Another Country, and Dalene Matthee’s Moerbeibos(1987), translated as The Mulberry Forest. Both these novels have not only come to be translated into English; they are also in some sense about translation, or “moving across”: about being European in Africa, about transplantation from one continent to another. What these two novels, taken together, help us to see is that the metanarrative of Afrikaner nationalism was not written into the genes of their characters. These novels open up a view of us as nothing more than the humble bywoners (labour tenant) and unruly takhare (backwoodsman) of that truly human history whose arrival is always indefinitely deferred.
‘A complex and violent revelation’: Epiphanies of Africa in South African Literature
Authors: Pechey Graham
Published: September 2022

This chapter puts to work Joyce’s refunctioning of the word “epiphany” in the study of an aspect of white South African writing. It traces “epiphanies of Africa” from Dante’s imagination of the Southern Hemisphere and Camõens’s depiction of the Cape before moving to the twentieth century and the work of William Plomer, and, in particular, his much-anthologized poem “The Scorpion”. Other literary works of this period are also discussed in relation to Plomer’s poem: Rider Haggard’s Prester John and Olive Schreiner’s Story of an African Farm among them, as well as Plomer’s own deliberately shocking Turbott Wolfe. The problem of early twentieth-century South Africa, as those rare liberal witnesses like Plomer saw it, was to find a discourse that was both symbolically rich and adequate to the highly complex and functionally differentiated society that was emerging out of the territory’s industrial revolution. The chapter also looks forward to J. M. Coetzee’s invented Empire in Waiting for the Barbariansand Nadine Gordimer’s writing an epiphany of sorts in Burger’s Daughter when the heroine sees a drunken black man on a cart cruelly flogging a donkey – a passage which Coetzee has himself related to Dante’s hell.
The Lowe Down
Authors: Graves Andrew
Published: September 2022

An exploration of Alice Lowe, her influences and approach to writing and directing including a look at her early career, Radio and TV work and previous film appearances, her creative process and transformation from fringe performer to film director with reference to Ben Wheatley’s Sightseers, The Ghoul, Garth Marenghi’s Dark Place and Alice’s Wunderland.
Bleeding the Way
Authors: Graves Andrew
Published: September 2022

Conclusion. A look at the changing face of the horror film in the 21st century and how a film like Prevenge, with its use of black comedy, clever scripting, characterisation and whip smart dialogue, can be seen as an entertaining yet uncomfortable and thought provoking analogy for modern times, highlighting Britain’s regretfully lazy attitudes towards, class, gender, motherhood and system based inequality.
Macklin’s Look
Authors: Taylor David Francis
Published: September 2022

This chapter looks at contemporary paintings, engravings, caricatures, and testimony of Macklin to consider the nature of his ‘look’. As Samuel Johnson tells us, ‘look’ in this context means ‘To have a particular appearance’, ‘To have any air, mien, or manner’, and also ‘To seem’. As this chapter argues, the images of Macklin that circulated publicly during his lifetime show his ‘appearance’ or ‘seeming’ to be constituted especially of a profound elision of the actor and the part of Shylock for which he was most famous—that is, of Irishness and Jewishness. In this image of the ‘Irish Jew’, issues of ethnicity, morality, and style are intricately and troublingly entangled.
Macklin’s Books
Authors: Goring Paul
Published: September 2022

This chapter analyses the content of Macklin’s large library, and it considers how his book collecting tendencies may be read as indicators of his personal, professional and scholarly interests and of his position within eighteenth-century intellectual circles. The study rests on close examination of two catalogues, one in manuscript form and one printed, which were produced in connection with the posthumous auction of the collection in 1797. These auction catalogues present the content of the library while also providing insights into how the collection was arranged and used in Macklin’s home. By considering Macklin’s bibliophilia and the social use of his books, the chapter argues that, alongside his work as an actor and playwright, Macklin had a noteworthy role in the intellectual culture of his time, albeit that he was not accepted by all of his peers and that few material traces of this engagement with Enlightenment thought were left behind.
‘Strong Case’: Macklin and the Law
Authors: Worrall David
Published: September 2022

This essay examines the legal knowledge of the Irish actor and playwright, Charles Macklin (1699?-1797). It traces significant moments in his encounter with the legal system. These include his trial for the murder of the actor Thomas Hallam in 1735; his antagonism with the actor-manager David Garrick in 1743 and two important legal cases in 1769 and 1770 which allowed Macklin to protect the performance copyright to Love à la Mode. It also examines his litigation, encouraged by lord chief justice, William Murray, Earl of Mansfield (1705-1793), against a riotous Covent Garden audience faction in 1774. The essay also sets out the crucial role played by the Irish playwright and lawyer, Arthur Murphy (1727-1805), acting as Macklin’s legal adviser. Their association in the early 1770s, enables the identification of a specific London Irish diaspora linking the worlds of theatre and the law.
Macklin’s Talking ‘Wrongheads’
Authors: Burke Helen
Published: September 2022

This chapter discusses the genesis and development of Charles Macklin’s British Inquisition (1754-55), as well as the opposition which it encountered. The Inquisition was a product, in part, of the debating society movement of the eighteenth century; it was Macklin’s attempt to emulate the success of John Henley’s Oratory and the Robin Hood Society. But in creating a forum for discussion that was open to all comers, and in appointing himself the impartial arbiter of truth and taste at this site, Macklin was also attempting to replicate the success of periodical writers, an experiment in genre mixing that he had first tried out in his play, The
Convent Garden Theatre, Or, Pasquin Turn’d Drawcansir (1752). The satires that were directed at the Inquisition, then, were a response to this effort to democratize speech, a backlash that exposed the class, ethnic, gender, and religious limits of the British public sphere.
The Shelleys and the Brownings
Authors: Suzuki Rieko
Published: September 2022

This book is about the intertextual relationships between the works of the Shelleys and the Brownings. While a lot of research has been done on the relationship between Percy Bysshe Shelley and Robert Browning, virtually nothing has been said about the links between Mary Shelley and Robert Browning, and very little on the connections between the Shelleys and Elizabeth Barrett Browning. The book seeks to address this blind spot by focusing on three areas in particular: firstly, the way that Browning’s later poems reflect back on and re-engage with Shelley’s work; second, Mary Shelley’s influence on Browning’s early poems; and third, Shelley’s presence in and influence on Elizabeth Barrett Browning’s writing. In mapping out the various ways in which texts relate to other texts, the book also identifies a number of important thematic threads that run throughout the work of all four writers. These include theories of history and historical consciousness, providing a further dimension to the question of ‘influence.’ They also include ideas about exile, gender, liberal politics and cultural heritage, central to almost all the texts discussed here, as the Shelleys and the Brownings, in different ways and in varying contexts, tried to negotiate the possibility of a more tolerant and resilient social, political and cultural environment.
‘A new Ireland surges into view’
Authors: Scheopner Erin Kate
Published: September 2022

Chapter 2 analyses the evolution of events in Ireland in the immediate post-war period, 1919–20. It considers the hierarchy of the British government’s agenda following the Armistice and the growth of the republican movement under Sinn Féin. During this period, the press and British government reconsidered the Irish question in the context of the Irish War of Independence (or Anglo-Irish War), which involved a guerrilla war between the Irish Republican Army (IRA) and British Crown security forces. Here, concerns of global opinion were recognised as violence and the fear of more violence took precedence in press coverage. At this time, some within the press suggested a federal status solution along with calls for a dominion-type solution as the fourth Home Rule Bill made its way through Parliament.
‘Let us put an end to it’
Authors: Scheopner Erin Kate
Published: September 2022

The conclusion offers a summary of the main arguments presented in this book. It considers the broader context of the Anglo-Irish relationship and the British press coverage of the Irish question. In doing so, it hopes to underscore the impact and value of exploring the British press connection with Irish affairs.
Introduction
Authors: Lewittes Deborah
Published: September 2022

This chapter outlines the main themes that have framed the previous studies of modern architecture in England, suggesting that there are four dominant narratives that define this area of study: Englishness and the Picturesque, a concern for the common man, the MARS Group and the avant-garde, and the émigré architects who settled in England with the rise of Nazi Germany. These frameworks have been useful interpretive devices and models that have built a solid foundation for the study of this field, and they will remain important touchstones and guides throughout the book, as we start to look at this material anew.
Chapter One
Authors: Lewittes Deborah
Published: September 2022

This chapter is framed by an assessment of thirties architecture culture written by the important figures J.M. Richards and Serge Chermayeff. Their analysis, though caged in humor, clearly states many serious concerns of the era, several of which are then discussed in a focused way in the chapter. Berthold Lubetkin and his firm Tecton’s Penguin Pool of 1934 is analyzed in the context of László Moholy-Nagy’s 1936 film of the work, leading to an analysis of specific and conflicting philosophies of abstraction and modern architecture. Futuristic theories of architecture overlapping with scientific thought, as proposed by Circle, an interdisciplinary group of artists and intellectuals, help present a picture of interwar England as visionary as opposed to insular and reactionary.
Chapter Two
Authors: Lewittes Deborah
Published: September 2022

This chapter addresses some thirties architectural protest movements, controversies over bomb shelters, and the impact of debates on urbanism, on the eve of World War II as well as into the war’s aftermath. This chapter will emphasize the fact that vanguard ideas of the thirties influenced the postwar period. The Architects’ and Technicians’ Organization (ATO) and Berthold Lubetkin’s designs for ARPs (Air Raid Precautions) show his disgust with the existing progressive architectural climate in England and also start to bring into high relief discussions about town planning that will drive London’s reconstruction after the war. The chapter will also address the 1946 New Towns Act as a utopian impulse and as a connecting thread between pre- and postwar ideals.
Chapter Three
Authors: Lewittes Deborah
Published: September 2022

This chapter examines the intellectual activity of the planning community during the wartime years, when an enormous number of publications were produced. Some of these texts proposed abstract theories of architecture and others set forth fully developed reconstruction schemes for a bombed Britain. An important thread will be an analysis of the early forties writings by the émigré architect Ernö Goldfinger, whose essays are shown to be an important step forward in the postwar rejection of orthodox modernism and in the development of a new language of planning. The MARS Plan for London of 1942 and Patrick Abercrombie’s County of London Plan of 1943 will be discussed in detail and placed in the context of modernist planning philosophies.
Conclusion
Authors: Lewittes Deborah
Published: September 2022

The Conclusion returns to the diaspora model proposed earlier and develops the idea fully. The chapter first explores ways the concept of diaspora has been used in studies of modern architecture—William Curtis, Sibyl Moholy-Nagy, and Manfredo Tafuri all employed the term. The discussion then considers elements of the field’s historiography, such as why English modernism remained separate from theoretical analyses of its contributions to modern architecture more generally. Studies of exile proposed by Edward Said, anti-Semitism, anthropological notions of hybridity as discussed by James Clifford, and the idea of Englishness (as suggesged by Nikolaus Pevsner and Erwin Panofsky) all intertwine to create a portrait of England’s diaspora of modern architecture/architects as a dynamic time and place, the term “shaping” in the book’s overall title emphasizing the active debates that took place throughout the decades under consideration.
Emma Dante’s Via Castellana Bandiera (2013) from the Page to the Screen: Changing Politics of Sexuality
Authors: Polizzi Goffredo
Published: September 2022

Emma Dante’s Via Castellana Bandiera, analysed in chapter VII stands out among the contemporary productions on/from the south for the very situated and at the same time evocative ways in which it weaves together questions of local and national belonging and questions of sexuality and gender identity. The chapter develops a comparison between the movie and the novel by the same title on which the film is based, published by Dante in 2008. The intent of the comparison is to trace the evolution of the politics of sexuality enacted in the filmic adaptation.
Jonas Carpignano’s Mediterranea (2015): Decentring the Hegemonic Gaze on the South
Authors: Polizzi Goffredo
Published: September 2022

Jonas Carpignano’s recent movie based on the events of the Rosarno riots in 2010, Mediterranea, provides an extremely interesting text for the purposes of this study for the ways in which it changes the perspective on the Italian south by placing it on a wider map drawn by the mobility of people and information. Chapter VIII analyses the innovative strategies of production and representation which make this change possible. The chapter addresses the significance of the Rosarno riots for the history of migration to Italy and focuses on the ways in which the migrant subject's agency is presented as the result of an investment in technology and community.
Conclusion
Authors: Polizzi Goffredo
Published: September 2022

In light of the results of the literary and visual analysis the general conclusion goes back to reflecting on the significance of “the south” as a critical category, and to its conditions of applicability to the realm of literary and visual representations. Utilizing examples extracted from the analyzed texts, the conclusion maps out the major strategies, (paying particular attention to intersectional representations and to different modes of translation), which this “southern” production enacts in an effort to displace monolingual, monocultural and binaristic conceptions of culture and identity.
Conclusion
Authors: Schober Adrian
Published: September 2022

After polarising critics on its initial release in June 1976, The Omen’s reputation continued to suffer over the years. More recently, it has undergone a critical reappraisal and is widely regarded as a classic of horror cinema, if perhaps a minor one. However, the question of Damien Thorn’s moral agency is a central source of ambiguity in the film that has been largely forgotten in the wake of the sequels. Not to downplay its international appeal, The Omen is fuelled by an American strain of paranoia with proven appeal to both liberals and conservatives, and as such the perfect echo chamber for cultural political ideology and the wildest conspiracy theory. There may be no better testament to The Omen’s artistry and power than to compare it to the unnecessary 2006 remake.
Stepford Sequels
Authors: Lindop Samantha
Published: September 2022

Chapter Five explores the film’s three made-for-television sequels: Revenge of The Stepford Wives (Robert Fuest, 1980), The Stepford Children (Alan J. Levi, 1987), and The Stepford Husbands (Fred Walton, 1996). The plotlines of these overlooked productions may be unsophisticated and follow predictable horror genre trajectories, but there is much to be gained from analysing these texts, especially from a socio-cultural perspective. Revenge of
The Stepford Wives speaks back to Valium panic and the over subscription of psychotropic drugs as a solution to women’s supposed neurotic tendencies and housewife dissatisfaction. The Stepford Husbands reinvents Stepford as a town controlled by a powerful female scientist who operates a clinic specialising in ‘problematic’ husbands, though ultimately it functions as a postfeminist critique of high achieving career women. The Stepford Children articulates themes of patriarchal rage and alien invasion.
A Sequence of Snapshots (1)
Authors: Leese Peter
Published: September 2022

Introduces the major analytic and thematic concerns of the study. This chapter outlines the origins, scope, structure, and comparative methodologies of Migrant Representations; reviews its three-part structure, and defines its key terms. Its second section discusses earlier relevant research as well as wider intellectual traditions: for example, in cultural studies, narrative studies, histories of technology, memory and heritage scholarship. It finishes by presenting the selection criteria and overall choices for the primary source materials.
Precarious Lives
Authors: Leese Peter
Published: September 2022

Examines two migrant self-representations of journeying and settlement in the context of post-Schengen ‘fortress Europe’ policy formulated from the late 1990s. Such testimonies are intriguing for their fragmented ‘in the moment’ perspective as well as for the urgency of the need to process difficult events. Moreover, while some migrants produce several or many ‘rewrites’ shaped by their shifting circumstances, recent migrants unavoidably make ‘first draft’ stories. The requirements of witness and advocacy are also more prominent in early twenty-first century accounts as the status of (post-Holocaust) first-person testimony carries greater cultural authority. The two case studies are: Dagmawi Yimer’s ‘Our Journey’ (2013), which describes a difficult trip from Ethiopia on a trans-Sahara migration route to Tripoli, then on to Lampedusa and Italy; and Vesna Maric’s Bluebird. A Memoir (2009) by a Serbian refugee who arrives to Britain as a teenager in the mid-1990s.
Investigation as Archive
Authors: Leese Peter
Published: September 2022

Considers etic evidence: the investigative methodologies of the observer attempting to engage with, interpret, and report on the lives of migrants from ‘outside’. This chapter outlines the parallels and connections between British and American journalistic and ethnographic methodologies. The history of social observation techniques and concepts is also discussed: early interview methodologies, shifting conceptualizations of the stranger, participant observation as well as journalistic, sociological and ethnographic practice. More recent investigative approaches, including interdisciplinary, museum and digital representations of the migrant subject, are further explored in relation to Chapters 7-10. Rather than a systematic or comprehensive survey, this selective approach considers key moments and interpretive strategies. The idea of investigative ‘distance’ from the migrant subject emerges as critical to any analytic framework of the purposes and effects of migrant observation.
Locating Milton
Authors: Festa Thomas
Published: September 2022

The introduction argues that situating John Milton as an author requires an attentiveness to how he himself is located, both in terms of his physical place and in terms of his contexts, both during his lifetime and beyond it. Even as Milton presents himself in internal exile, late in his life, he remains within a space defined by intellectual influences as well as the tensions inherent in reader reception. This introduction suggests that, by taking up Milton’s appropriations and influences, as well as the ways in which his writing influences others in turn, scholars can refresh and deepen our understanding of Milton’s works and the influence they in turn have exerted since their publication.
Samson
Authors: Péti Miklós
Published: September 2022

Chapter 8 traces the reception history of Milton’s Samson Agonistes in postwar Hungary, showing how Samson becomes a socialist hero and Milton a Communist within the writing and rhetoric of Hungarian writers and scholars. Tracing this reception in scholarly translations of Milton’s work, in the popular socialist press, and in scholarly engagements, it demonstrates how Communists in Hungary incorporated Milton’s work and his hero into a revolutionary aesthetic. It suggests new conceptual angles for a version of Milton as a revolutionary and radical.
Partition and North-West Ireland, c .1910–1925
Authors: Ozseker Okan
Published: September 2022

During 1910–25 the north-west represented a microcosm on the island of Ireland. County Donegal was overwhelmingly Catholic and a stronghold of conservative Irish nationalism. County Londonderry was mainly Protestant and a bulwark of hard-line unionism. Between these political and cultural majorities lay the symbolic, religiously and ethnically divided, and potentially volatile Derry city. This chapter examines the north-west – the city of Derry and counties Donegal and Londonderry – to highlight its responses to, and the dramatic disruptions caused by, the prospect, implementation, and eventual embedding of Ireland’s partition as these played out at the national level. In its widest sense, the partition question overshadowed politics in the north-west for over two decades, and it bequeathed a bitter legacy. It divided the region along an unhappy border that few had wanted, exposing divisions within both nationalism and unionism. Partition affected all levels of society and deepened the peripheralisation of places on both sides of the frontier. This chapter examines a divided borderland during a time of immense political change and upheaval.
Margaret Thatcher, Repartition, and Cross-Border Security, 1979–1990
Authors: Kelly Stephen
Published: September 2022

This chapter examines Margaret Thatcher’s attitude to repartition, cross-border security, and the Irish border during her period as the United Kingdom’s prime minister, between 1979 and 1990. The chapter is comprised of two central and interrelated subjects. The first part analyses Thatcher’s occasional discussion of the prospect of repartition and the redrawing of the boundary of Northern Ireland, including the mass transfer of Northern Catholics to the Republic of Ireland. The second part focusses on Thatcher’s determination to improve cross-border security co-operation along the Irish border in her dealings with successive Irish governments and associated security forces.
Ireland’s Partition
Authors: McGraw Sean
Published: September 2022

This chapter examines how the Republic of Ireland’s established parties maintained their predominance in the face of dramatic social, economic, cultural and political change in recent decades. The underlying cleavage structure in Ireland, as well as the political value system and the issues dimensions relevant for elections, has experienced sharp change. Dramatic shifts have also occurred in the demographic composition of the electorate as Ireland has transitioned from one of the poorest to one of the wealthiest European countries in less than a generation. Additionally, changes in Ireland’s political institutions have altered how politics in Ireland is conducted. Despite these potential sources of change occurring in recent decades, the party system has outwardly experienced more stability than change in electoral outcomes. The chapter demonstrates how party leaders have taken advantage of conditions created as a result of partition and the founding period to sustain one of Europe’s most stable political systems.
The Conservative Right, Ulster Unionism, and the Partition of Ireland
Authors: Fleming N. C.
Published: September 2022

The partition of Ireland is often laid at the door of an unholy alliance of Ulster Unionists and right-wing Conservatives. It is undeniable that Conservatives, especially on the right of the party, were among the shrillest cheerleaders of Ulster Unionist militancy before the First World War. There were echoes of this in 1921, during the negotiations that culminated in the Anglo-Irish Treaty, when the ‘diehards’ marshalled opposition in the Conservative party to the coercion of the recently established government of Northern Ireland. And again in 1924, the diehards threatened to lead a revolt at Westminster in solidarity with the Ulster Unionists’ refusal to co-operate with the Boundary Commission. These examples present a compelling but incomplete picture. The Ulster Unionists and the Conservative Right were the products of different contexts and endowed with contrasting organisational forms and objectives. At specific moments and on specific issues the political interests of Ulster Unionists and the Conservative Right could align, but it was also possible that they could be pulled in two different directions. This chapter demonstrates that the most striking and sustained example of this was their parallel approaches to the policy of partition as it emerged and evolved between 1914 and 1925.
Destruction of Long-period Comets
Authors: Jewitt David
Published: September 2022

We identify a sample of 27 long-period comets for which both nongravitational accelerations and Lyα-based gas production rates are available. Seven of the 27 comets (i.e., ∼25%) did not survive perihelion because of nucleus fragmentation or complete disintegration. Empirically, the latter nuclei have the smallest gas production rates and the largest nongravitational accelerations, which are both indicators of small size. Specifically, the disintegrating nuclei have a median radius of only 0.41 km, one-quarter of the 1.60 km median radius of those surviving perihelion. The disintegrating comets also have a smaller median perihelion distance (0.48 au) than do the survivors (0.99 au). We compare the order-of-magnitude timescale for outgassing torques to change the nucleus spin, τ

s
, with the time spent by each comet in strong sublimation, Δt, finding that the disrupted comets are those with τ

s
< Δt. The destruction of near-Sun long-period comets is thus naturally explained as a consequence of rotational breakup. We discuss this process as a contributor to Oort’s long mysterious “fading parameter.”
Differential Proper Motion Spin of the Hipparcos and Gaia Celestial Reference Frames
Authors: Makarov Valeri V.
Published: September 2022

The Hipparcos catalog provides the first epoch of the celestial reference frame (CRF) in the optical domain and serves as an indispensable tool to verify and improve the Gaia CRF for the brighter stars (V < 11 mag) and to identify the elusive astrometric binary stars with dim or invisible companions, including long-period exoplanets. The systems of positions in Hipparcos and Gaia cannot be directly compared, because they refer to two different mean epochs. It is shown that the proper motion systems for carefully filtered common stars are not statistically consistent within the given formal errors. The vector field of proper motion differences is fitted with 126 vector spherical harmonics up to degree 7 revealing a global pattern at high signal-to-noise ratios, including the three terms of rigid rotation. The origin of the differential spin and other large harmonic terms is investigated by producing a similar decomposition of the Gaia−HG proper motion field, where HG stands for the long-term proper motions derived from the Hipparcos and Gaia DR3 positions, for the same sample of stars. Hipparcos proper motions emerge as the largest source of sky-correlated distortions of the multiepoch optical CRF with a median value of ∼190 μas yr−1 and a global spin of ∼226 μas yr−1, while the Hipparcos positions and Gaia EDR3 proper motions are explicitly consistent by construction at a level of ∼10 μas yr−1. The latter, however, include multiple distortions of higher degree, which should be taken into account in astrometric applications using the HG field.
The Effect of Molecular Cloud Properties on the Kinematics of Stars Formed in the Trifid Region
Authors: Kuhn Michael A. , Hillenbrand Lynne A. , Feigelson Eric D. , Fowler Ian , Getman Konstantin V. , Broos Patrick S. , Povich Matthew S. , Gromadzki Mariusz
Published: September 2022

The dynamical states of molecular clouds may affect the properties of the stars they form. In the vicinity of the Trifid Nebula (d = 1180 ± 25 pc), the main star cluster (Trifid Main) lies within an expanding section of the molecular cloud; however, ∼0.°3 to the north (Trifid North), the cloud’s velocity structure is more tranquil. We acquired a Chandra X-ray observation to identify pre-main-sequence stars in Trifid North, complementing a previous observation of Trifid Main. In Trifid North, we identified 51 candidate pre-main-sequence stars, of which 13 are high-confidence Trifid members based on Gaia EDR3 parallaxes and proper motions. We also reanalyzed the membership of Trifid Main and separated out multiple background stellar associations. Trifid North represents a stellar population ∼10% as rich as Trifid Main that formed in a separate part of the cloud. The 1D stellar velocity dispersion in Trifid North (0.6 ± 0.2 km s−1) is 3 times lower than that in Trifid Main (1.9 ± 0.2 km s−1). Furthermore, in Trifid Main, proper motions indicate that the portion of the star cluster superimposed on the optical nebula is expanding. Expansion of the H ii region around the O-star HD 164492A, and the resulting gas expulsion, can explain both the motions of the stars and gas in Trifid Main. Contrary to previous studies, we find no evidence that a cloud–cloud collision triggered star formation in the region.
The Spiderweb Protocluster is Being Magnetized by Its Central Radio Jet
Authors: Anderson Craig S. , Carilli Christopher L. , Tozzi Paolo , Miley G. K. , Borgani S. , Clarke Tracy , Di Mascolo Luca , Liu Ang , Mroczkowski Tony , Pannella Maurilio , Pentericci L. , Rottgering H. J. A. , Saro A.
Published: September 2022

We present deep broadband radio polarization observations of the Spiderweb radio galaxy (J1140-2629) in a galaxy protocluster at z = 2.16. These yield the most detailed polarimetric maps yet made of a high-redshift radio galaxy. The intrinsic polarization angles and Faraday rotation measures (RMs) reveal coherent magnetic fields spanning the ∼60 kpc length of the jets, while ∼50% fractional polarizations indicate these fields are well ordered. Source-frame ∣RM∣ values of ∼1000 rad m−2 are typical, and values up to ∼11,100 rad m−2 are observed. The Faraday-rotating gas cannot be well mixed with the synchrotron-emitting gas, or stronger-than-observed depolarization would occur. Nevertheless, an observed spatial coincidence between a localized ∣RM∣ enhancement of ∼1100 rad m−2 , a bright knot of Lyα emission, and a deviation of the radio jet provide direct evidence for vigorous jet-gas interaction. We detect a large-scale RM gradient totaling ∼1000 s rad m−2 across the width of the jet, suggesting a net clockwise (as viewed from the active galactic nuclei) toroidal magnetic field component exists at tens-of-kiloparsec scales, which we speculate may be associated with the operation of a Poynting–Robertson cosmic battery. We conclude the RMs are mainly generated in a sheath of hot gas around the radio jet, rather than the ambient foreground protocluster gas. The estimated magnetic field strength decreases by successive orders of magnitude going from the jet hotspots (∼90 μG) to the jet sheath (∼10 μG) to the ambient intracluster medium (∼1 μG). Synthesizing our results, we propose that the Spiderweb radio galaxy is actively magnetizing its surrounding protocluster environment, with possible implications for theories of the origin and evolution of cosmic magnetic fields.
The Roles of Flux Tube Entropy and Effective Gravity in the Inward Plasma Transport at Saturn
Authors: Wing S. , Thomsen M. F. , Johnson J. R. , Mitchell D. G. , Allen R. C. , Ma X. , Delamere P. A.
Published: September 2022

The inward plasma transport at the Saturnian magnetosphere is examined using the flux tube interchange stability formalism developed by Southwood & Kivelson. Seven events are selected. Three cases are considered: (1) the injected flux tube and ambient plasmas are nonisotropic, (2) the injected flux tube and ambient plasmas are isotropic, and (3) the injected flux tube plasma is isotropic, but the ambient plasma is nonisotropic. Case 1 may be relevant for fresh injections, while case 3 may be relevant for old injections. For cases 1 and 2, all but one event have negative stability conditions, suggesting that the flux tube should be moving inward. For case 3, the injections located at L > 11 have negative stability conditions, while four out of five of the injections at L < 9 have positive stability conditions. The positive stability condition for small L suggests that the injection may be near its equilibrium position and possibly oscillating thereabouts—hence the outward transport if the flux tube overshot the equilibrium position. The flux tube entropy plays an important role in braking the plasma inward transport. When the stability condition is positive, it is because the entropy term, which is positive, counters and dominates the effective gravity term, which is negative for all the events. The ambient plasma and drift-out from adjacent injections can affect the stability and the inward motion of the injected flux tube. The results have implications for inward plasma transport in the Jovian magnetosphere, as well as other fast-rotating planetary magnetospheres.
Spatial Scales and Time Variation of Solar Subsurface Convection
Authors: Getling Alexander V. , Kosovichev Alexander G.
Published: September 2022

Spectral analysis of the spatial structure of solar subphotospheric convection is carried out for subsurface flow maps constructed using the time–distance helioseismological technique. The source data are obtained from the Helioseismic and Magnetic Imager on board the Solar Dynamics Observatory from 2010 May to 2020 September. A spherical harmonic transform is applied to the horizontal velocity divergence field at depths from 0 to 19 Mm. The range of flow scales is fairly broad in the shallow layers and narrows as the depth increases. The horizontal flow scales increase rapidly with depth, from supergranulation to giant-cell values, and indicate the existence of large-scale convective motions in the near-surface shear layer. The results can naturally be interpreted in terms of a superposition of differently scaled flows localized at different depth intervals. There is some tendency toward the emergence of meridionally elongated (banana-shaped) convection structures in the deep layers. The total power of the convective flows is anticorrelated with the sunspot number variation over the solar activity cycle in shallow subsurface layers, and positively correlated at larger depths, which is suggestive of the depth redistribution of the convective flow energy due to the action of magnetic fields.
Ultraviolet Spectroscopy and TARDIS Models of the Broad-lined Type Ic Supernova 2014ad
Authors: Kwok Lindsey A. , Williamson Marc , Jha Saurabh W. , Modjaz Maryam , Camacho-Neves Yssavo , Foley Ryan J. , Garnavich Peter , Maeda Keiichi , Milisavljevic Dan , Pandya Viraj , Dai Mi , McCully Curtis , Pritchard Tyler , Singhal Jaladh
Published: September 2022

Few published ultraviolet (UV) spectra exist for stripped-envelope supernovae and none to date for broad-lined Type Ic supernovae (SNe Ic-bl). These objects have extremely high ejecta velocities and are the only supernova type directly linked to gamma-ray bursts (GRBs). Here we present two epochs of HST/STIS spectra of the SN Ic-bl 2014ad, the first UV spectra for this class. We supplement this with 26 new epochs of ground-based optical spectra, augmenting a rich spectral time series. The UV spectra do not show strong features and are consistent with broadened versions of other SN Ic spectra observed in the UV. We measure Fe ii 5169 Å velocities and show that SN 2014ad has even higher ejecta velocities than most SNe Ic both with and without observed GRBs. We construct models of the SN 2014ad UV+optical spectra using tardis, a 1D Monte Carlo radiative-transfer spectral synthesis code. The models fit the data well at multiple epochs in the optical but underestimate the flux in the UV, likely due to simplifying assumptions. We find that high densities at high velocities are needed to reproduce the spectra, with ∼3 M
⊙ of material at v > 22,000 km s−1, assuming spherical symmetry. Our nebular line fits suggest a steep density profile at low velocities. Together, these results imply a higher total ejecta mass than estimated from previous light-curve analysis and expected from theory. This may be reconciled by a flattening of the density profile at low velocity and extra emission near the center of the ejecta.
The Origin of the Relation Between Stellar Angular Momentum and Stellar Mass in Nearby Disk-dominated Galaxies
Authors: Du Min , Ho Luis C. , Yu Hao-Ran , Debattista Victor P.
Published: September 2022

The IllustrisTNG simulations reproduce the observed scaling relation between the stellar specific angular momentum (sAM) j
s and mass M
s of central galaxies. We show that the local j
s–M
s relation

log

j

s

=
0.55

log

M

s

+
2.77

develops at z ≲ 1 in disk-dominated galaxies. We provide a simple model that describes well such a connection between halos and galaxies. The index of 0.55 of the j
s–M
s relation comes from the product of the indices of the

j

tot

∝

M

tot

0.81

,

M

tot

∝

M

s

0.67

, and j
s ∝ j
tot relations, where j
tot and M
tot are the overall sAM and mass of the halo, respectively. A non-negligible deviation from tidal torque theory, which predicts

j

tot

∝

M

tot

2

/

3

, should be included. This model further suggests that the stellar-to-halo mass ratio of disk galaxies increases monotonically following a nearly power-law function that is consistent with the latest dynamical measurements. Biased collapse, in which galaxies form from the inner and lower sAM portion of their parent halos, has a minor effect at low redshifts. The retention factor of angular momentum reaches ∼1 in disk galaxies with strong rotations, and it correlates inversely with the mass fraction of the spheroidal component, which partially explains the morphological dependence of the j
s–M
s relation.
Distribution of snake species and snakebites in hotspots of Ethiopia
Authors: Gebrewold Gashaw , Colston Timothy J , Abebe Ashebir , Kourouma Karifa , Najjemba Robinah , Mulugeta Demise , Lumma Hailu , Abdella Sintayehu , Haile Tamrat , Zolfo Maria , Vanlerberghe Veerle
Published: September 2022

Introduction: In Sub-Saharan Africa, snakebites are a public health problem. In Ethiopia, clinical cases have been described, but little information exists on snakebites burden and its geographical distribution. The aim of this study was to document the spatial distribution of venomous snakes and snakebites in Ethiopia.

Methodology: In a cross-sectional observational study, venomous snakes were collected during snake catching activities in six Ethiopian hotspot areas between April 2015 and September 2020. Species and habitat were described. In the hotspot areas, routine health information data on reported snakebites was collected in 78 districts and subsequently used to map annual incidence per district.

Result: A total of 333 snakes were collected and 14 species were identified. The most prevalent species were Bitis arietans, Bitis arietanus somalica, Echis pyramidum, known as vipers, and Naja pallida, known as cobra. The highest number of snakes (75) was observed in the Northwest and Eastern parts of Ethiopia, mostly in cultivation and man-made farm land, wooded and moist dry savanna. In each hotspot a wide variety of species was observed, although composition was different. The highest snakebite incidence overlapped with the high snakes densities in Northwest Ethiopia. The snakebite annual average incidence at district level was very heterogeneous and ranged from < 15 cases/100,000 inhabitants (44% of the districts) to 309.2 cases/100,000 inhabitants.

Conclusions: Snake diversity and distribution, linked to high incidence of snakebites in the hotspots, suggests a close interconnection between human, animal and environmental systems and could inform the need for antivenoms per geographical locality.
Pharmaceutical care and telemedicine during COVID-19: A cross-sectional study based on pharmacy students, pharmacists, and physicians in Jordan
Authors: Khader Heba , Alsayed Ahmad , Hasoun Luai Z. , Alnatour Dalal , Awajan Dima , Alhosanie Tasneem N. , Samara Anas
Published: September 2022

Lack of access to the patient medical record (90.6%) was the major barrier for the integration of pharmaceutical care into practice. The majority of participants (93.0%) encouraged creating a website that provides pharmaceutical care. Furthermore, 45.1% would pay for such a service if present. Moreover, the majority (89.8%) agreed that creating a comprehensive database for patients’ data will help in decreasing medical errors. Among the four aspects of pharmaceutical care (technical, psychosocial, communication and administrative) that were assessed for students and pharmacist’s, general weakness in all aspects was noticed. This study highlights that absence of proper documentation of patient medical information raises the risk of medical problems and is considered the most documented barrier for the integration of pharmaceutical care. This emphasizes the future role of telemedicine and the availability of a specialized website and database repository that stores patient’s information to ensure the continuity of care even during pandemics.