bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Resources and Habitat Requirements for Giraffes’ (Giraffa camelopardalis) Diet Selection in the Northwestern Kalahari, South Africa
Authors: Deacon Francois , Smit Gert Nicolaas , Grobbelaar Andri
Published: July 2023

Diet selection concerning browse availability of giraffes (Giraffa camelopardalis) was studied over 15 months in an arid environment in South Africa. A global positioning system collar was fitted to a giraffe individual to assess the specific areas, consisting of different vegetation types, that the population utilised during different seasons. Results are provided on diet selection in relation to browse availability between seasons and vegetation types, including tree densities and the amount of the total evapotranspiration tree equivalents. Diet selections of the giraffe population changed in response to the availability of browse material from July to October. The availability of important resource areas had a significant (p < 0.05) effect on the spatial ecology, and an increase in home range size was noted. Information that is important for the well-being of giraffes was identified. This included nutritional stress and the limited variety of the most utilised tree species available for browsing, especially during critical dry periods. The results demonstrate the importance of assessment of giraffes’ diet selection in relation to browse availability, especially before introduction to a new area, to limit the lack of population growth and underperformance. This study provides valuable information towards understanding the resources and habitats required for successful giraffe management.
Machine-Learning-Based Password-Strength-Estimation Approach for Passwords of Lithuanian Context
Authors: Darbutaitė Ema , Stefanovič Pavel , Ramanauskaitė Simona
Published: July 2023

In an information-security-assurance system, humans are usually the weakest link. It is partly related to insufficient cybersecurity knowledge and the ignorance of standard security recommendations. Consequently, the required password-strength requirements in information systems are the minimum of what can be done to ensure system security. Therefore, it is important to use up-to-date and context-sensitive password-strength-estimation systems. However, minor languages are ignored, and password strength is usually estimated using English-only dictionaries. To change the situation, a machine learning approach was proposed in this article to support a more realistic model to estimate the strength of Lithuanian user passwords. A newly compiled dataset of password strength was produced. It integrated both international- and Lithuanian-language-specific passwords, including 6 commonly used password features and 36 similarity metrics for each item (4 similarity metrics for 9 different dictionaries). The proposed solution predicts the password strength of five classes with 77% accuracy. Taking into account the complexity of the accuracy of the Lithuanian language, the achieved result is adequate, as the availability of intelligent Lithuanian-language-specific password-cracking tools is not widely available yet.
Effects of Diamond-like Carbon and Tungsten-Carbide Carbon Coatings on Tribological Performance of Cam–Tappet Conjunction
Authors: Andreou Panagiotis , Soleimanian Parivash , Mohammadpour Mahdi , Bewsher Stephen R. , Offner Günter
Published: July 2023

Cam–tappet contacts are responsible for ~7.5% of the internal combustion engine’s (ICE) total frictional losses. The application of coatings can improve the tribological performance of these contacts. In this paper, the application of a WC-C coating as a novel approach for cam–tappets in comparison with DLC coating is investigated. The tribological performance of the coated contacts are evaluated by a novel model comprising combined implicit analytical and explicit numerical methods. This model considers the coupled tribo-dynamic behaviour whilst obtaining detailed tribological performance. The combined approach provides a computationally efficient platform. The results show that application of DLC or WC-C can improve the film thickness value by up to 41%. They can improve boundary friction, whilst increasing the viscous friction.
Influence of the Polymer and Solvent Variables on the Nanoencapsulation of the Flavonoid Quercetin: Preliminary Study Based on Eudragit® Polymers
Authors: Elizondo-Luevano Joel H. , Castro-Ríos Rocío , Parra-Saldívar Roberto , Larqué-García Horacio , Garza-Tapia Marsela , Melchor-Martínez Elda M. , Chávez-Montes Abelardo
Published: July 2023

Eudragit® polymers have proven their potential as a means to control the release of aqueous insoluble drugs in various delivery systems as polymer nanoparticles (PNPs). The size (S) and polydispersity index (PDI) of PNPs are crucial factors for their interaction with biological systems from a pharmaceutical standpoint. This study aimed to determine the impact of the volumes of the organic phase (OP) and aqueous phase (AP), as well as the polymer amount (PA), on the size and PDI of PNPs prepared using the nanoprecipitation method for encapsulating quercetin (Qr). The study also evaluated the toxic effects of PNPs on human erythrocytes. The PNPs were prepared using preformed polymers derived from methacrylic acid and polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) as a surfactant. The nanoprecipitation technique enabled the production of particles smaller than 200 nm with a PDI lower than 0.2, and the study established the significant impact (p < 0.05) of the three variables related to the polymers and solvents. The selected PNPs contained 5 mg of Qr and 50 mg of Eudragit polymers (1:10 w/w Eudragit® EPO, E100, L100, and Eudragit L100-55) and diverse concentrations of PVA. The study found that including PVA in the AP increased the Qr encapsulation by up to 98%. The hemolytic potential of Eudragit® PNPs and Qr was assessed in human erythrocytes, with no significant cytotoxic activity observed (p < 0.001) compared with the control. In conclusion, via the nanoprecipitation technique, preparing PNPs with defined and homogeneous S to entrap the flavonol Qr efficiently is possible.
Target Selection Strategies for Demucs-Based Speech Enhancement
Authors: Rascon Caleb , Fuentes-Pineda Gibran
Published: July 2023

The Demucs-Denoiser model has been recently shown to achieve a high level of performance for online speech enhancement, but assumes that only one speech source is present in the fed mixture. In real-life multiple-speech-source scenarios, it is not certain which speech source will be enhanced. To correct this issue, two target selection strategies for the Demucs-Denoiser model are proposed and evaluated: (1) an embedding-based strategy, using a codified sample of the target speech, and (2) a location-based strategy, using a beamforming-based prefilter to select the target that is in front of a two-microphone array. In this work, it is shown that while both strategies improve the performance of the Demucs-Denoiser model when one or more speech interferences are present, they both have their pros and cons. Specifically, the beamforming-based strategy achieves overall a better performance (increasing the output SIR between 5 and 10 dB) compared to the embedding-based strategy (which only increases the output SIR by 2 dB and only in low-input-SIR scenarios). However, the beamforming-based strategy is sensitive against the location variation of the target speech source (decreasing the output SIR by 10 dB if the target speech source is located only 0.1 m from its expected position), which the embedding-based strategy does not suffers from.
A Review of the Dynamics Progress of Bubble Collapse within Droplet and Droplet Splash
Authors: Zhang Yuning , Zhang Xiaofei , Zhang Shurui , Ying Jiaze , Yang Yihao , Wang Hongbo , Li Zhaohao , Zhang Yuning
Published: July 2023

The dynamics of a cavitation bubble within a droplet is one of the hot research topics at present. The present paper summarizes the research progress of bubble collapse within droplets and associated droplet splash. Firstly, three typical structures of bubble collapse are introduced, together with the collapsing shock waves and the distribution of collapsing forces. Secondly, several typical forms of droplet splash are shown in terms of splash speed, splash direction, and dynamic mechanisms. Finally, the unsolved problems in the field of cavitation bubbles within droplets are proposed with perspectives.
Deck Slab Elements for the Accelerated Construction of Steel–Concrete Composite Bridges
Authors: Untermarzoner Franz , Kollegger Johann , Rath Michael , Gaßner Kerstin , Huber Tobias
Published: July 2023

Various methods have been developed to produce deck slabs for steel–concrete composite bridges. Usually, the deck slabs are cast with in situ concrete using a formwork carriage, resulting in construction progress of 15 to 25 m of deck slab per week. A new construction method was developed at the Institute of Structural Engineering (TU Wien), which enables the swift erection of the concrete deck slab. This method employs precast deck slab elements with reinforced concrete cross-beams which span in the transverse direction. With this new construction method, producing up to two deck slab sections of 15–25 m per day becomes possible. Further, the performance of novel reinforcement detailing required for the precast deck slab elements is investigated by structural testing. The experiments consist of eight load-bearing tests on four specimens which represent sections of the element during casting and after completion. The investigated parameters in series 1 are the length and spacing of loops, used for protruding longitudinal bars enclosure. In series 2, the enclosure of the shear reinforcement and the height of the cross beams are varied. The results show that the targeted bending capacity could be reached in all tests with no signs of premature failure due to detailing reasons. Based on the experimental results, the feasibility of the new approach is shown and recommendations for detailing are given.
Pore Structure and Fluid Evaluation of Deep Organic-Rich Marine Shale: A Case Study from Wufeng–Longmaxi Formation of Southern Sichuan Basin
Authors: Cai Guangyin , Gu Yifan , Jiang Yuqiang , Wang Zhanlei
Published: July 2023

Deeply buried (>3500 m) marine shale has become a focus point for the future exploration and exploitation of shale hydrocarbon in China. Low-temperature nitrogen adsorption (LTNA), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR), and other experiments were combined to characterize the pore structure and fluid division in deep-marine shale of the southern Sichuan Basin in this study. The results suggest that the deep-marine shale had a relatively developed nanopore network, especially with honeycomb organic pores. These organic pores were largely macropores with good connectivity in three-dimensional space and constituted the major reservoir space of the deep-marine shale gas. Microfractures were predominantly clay-mineral-related fractures, and the development degree of microfractures connected with organic pores was low, which contributed to the preservation of organic pores. Within the deep-marine shale interval, the pore volumes of Section 1 and Section 3 were higher. Pore volume was predominantly contributed by pores above 10 nm, where macropores accounted for a large proportion. Based on a combination of high-speed centrifugation and gradient temperature drying, the pore fluid of deep-marine shale reservoirs was quantitatively classified into four types: clay-bound fluid, capillary-bound fluid, free-flowing fluid, and closed-pore fluid. The clay-bound fluid existed in pores of less than 4.25 nm, which cannot be exploited. Quantitative division of the shale pore system could be realized by using the pore space differences of different types of fluids.
CRBF: Cross-Referencing Bloom-Filter-Based Data Integrity Verification Framework for Object-Based Big Data Transfer Systems
Authors: Kasu Preethika , Hamandawana Prince , Chung Tae-Sun
Published: July 2023

Various components are involved in the end-to-end path of data transfer. Protecting data integrity from failures in these intermediate components is a key feature of big data transfer tools. Although most of these components provide some degree of data integrity, they are either too expensive or inefficient in recovering corrupted data. This problem highlights the need for application-level end-to-end integrity verification during data transfer. However, the computational, memory, and storage overhead of big data transfer tools can be a significant bottleneck for ensuring data integrity due to the large size of the data. This paper proposes a novel framework for data integrity verification in big data transfer systems using a cross-referencing Bloom filter. This framework has three advantages over state-of-the-art data integrity techniques: lower computation and memory overhead and zero false-positive errors for a limited number of elements. This study evaluates the computation, memory, recovery time, and false-positive overhead for the proposed framework and compares them with state-of-the-art solutions. The evaluation results indicate that the proposed framework is efficient in detecting and recovering from integrity errors while eliminating false positives in the Bloom filter data structure. In addition, we observe negligible computation, memory, and recovery overheads for all workloads.
Modeling and Optimization with Artificial Intelligence in Nutrition
Authors: Knights Vesna , Kolak Mirela , Markovikj Gordana , Kljusurić Jasenka Gajdoš
Published: July 2023

The use of mathematical modeling and optimization in nutrition with the help of artificial intelligence is indeed a trendy and promising approach to data processing. With the ever-increasing amount of data being generated in the field of nutrition, it has become necessary to develop new tools and techniques to help process and analyze these data. The paper presents a study on the development of a neural-networks-based model to investigate parameters related to obesity and predict participants’ health outcomes. Improvement techniques of model performances are made (classification performance by reducing overfitting, capturing non-linear relationships, and optimizing the learning process). Predictions are also made with the random forest model to compare the performance of accuracy and prediction scores of two different models. The dataset contains data relating to the obesity of 200 participants in a weight loss program. Information is collected on their basic anthropometric data, as well as biochemical data, which are significant parameters closely related to obesity. It is important to note that weight loss is not always linear and can vary based on individual factors; so, a prediction is made on supervised learning based on patient data (before the diet regime, during the regime, and reaching the desired weight). The dataset is trained on individuals features such as age; gender; body mass index; and biochemical attributes such as MCHC (Mean Corpuscular Hemoglobin Concentration), cholesterol, glucose, platelets, leukocytes, ALT (alanine aminotransferase), triglycerides, TSH (thyroid stimulating hormone), and magnesium. The results of the developed neural network model show high accuracy, low loss in training, high-precision predictions during evaluation of the model, and improved performance over other machine learning models. Calculations are conducted in Anaconda/Python. Overall, the combination of mathematical modeling, optimization, and AI offers a powerful set of tools for analyzing and processing nutrition data. As our understanding of the relationship between diet and health continues to evolve, these techniques will become increasingly important for developing personalized dietary recommendations and optimizing population-level dietary guidelines.
Loaded 5 Sit-to-Stand Test to Determine the Force–Velocity Relationship in Older Adults: A Validation Study
Authors: Bochicchio Gianluca , Ferrari Luca , Bottari Alberto , Lucertini Francesco , Cavedon Valentina , Milanese Chiara , Pogliaghi Silvia
Published: July 2023

Force–velocity profiling (F-v) evaluates muscle function through the identification of maximum force (F0), velocity (V0), power (Pmax) and optimal velocity (Vopt). The purpose of this study was to investigate the validity and feasibility of loaded 5 Sit-to-Stand (5STS) force-velocity profiling compared to the gold standard instruments (isokinetic Dynamometry, ISO) and asses the relationship between the 5STS-derived muscle function indexes with clinical markers of muscle mass and strength. Forty-six older adults (21 females: 63.8 ± 3.9 yrs) performed 5STS (four different weight conditions) and ISO tests (five different velocities). Paired t-tests, regression analyses, and Bland–Altman analysis were conducted. The results showed significant differences in F0, V0, and Vopt (p < 0.001) but no difference in Pmax (p = 0.259) between tests. Only F0 and Pmax were highly correlated between tests (r = 0.71, r = 0.84, respectively). Bland–Altman analysis showed a not significant bias and good precision (p = 0.260, 34 W) only for Pmax. Large to very large correlations (r = 0.53 to 0.81) were found between F0 and Pmax and clinical markers of muscle mass and strength. In conclusion, loaded 5STS profiling could be a feasible, valid, and cost- and time-efficient alternative to ISO for the characterization of clinically relevant markers of muscle function in healthy older adults.
Sports Risk Prediction Model Based on Automatic Encoder and Convolutional Neural Network
Authors: Li Bingyu , Wang Lei , Jiang Qiaoyong , Li Wei , Huang Rong
Published: July 2023

In view of the limitations of traditional statistical methods in dealing with multifactor and nonlinear data and the inadequacy of classical machine learning algorithms in dealing with and predicting data with high dimensions and large sample sizes, this paper proposes an operational risk prediction model based on an automatic encoder and convolutional neural networks. First, we use an automatic encoder to extract features of motion risk factors and obtain feature components that can highly represent risk. Secondly, based on the causal relationship between sports risk and risk characteristics, a convolutional neural network with a dual convolution layer and dual pooling layer topology is constructed. Finally, the sports risk prediction model is established by combining the auto-coded feature components with the topology of the convolutional neural network. Compared with other algorithms, the proposed method can effectively analyze and extract risk characteristics and has a high prediction accuracy. At the same time, it promotes the integration of sports science and computer science and provides a basis for the application of machine learning in the field of sports risk prediction.
Effect of Flax Cake and Lupine Flour Addition on the Physicochemical, Sensory Properties, and Composition of Wheat Bread
Authors: Makowska Agnieszka , Zielińska-Dawidziak Magdalena , Waszkowiak Katarzyna , Myszka Kamila
Published: July 2023

Bread is consumed by people all over the world. Its quality may be modified by the application of other raw materials or changes in production technology. The addition of flax cake (FC) and lupine flour (LF) was proposed as a modification of the nutritional value of wheat bread. Bread with non-fermented and fermented FC and LF was prepared, and its physicochemical, sensory properties and composition were compared to wheat bread. A higher than 5% addition of these components reduced the bread volume and increased their hardness, gumminess, and chewiness. To reduce the negative impact of these additives on the physical and sensory properties of bread, these raw materials were fermented by selected starter cultures. The addition of FC and LF fermented by Lactobacillus plantarum lowered the undesirable changes in the physicochemical properties of the bread. It also slightly increased the overall acceptability of the products. Propionic fermentation lowered sensory assessment rates considerably. The following changes in the composition of bread prepared with the addition of fermented by L. plantarum FC and LF were noted: increase in protein (by ~30%), ash (by ~100%), both soluble and insoluble fiber (by ~500%) content. The starch content was reduced by about 18–20%. The modifications increased the nutritional value of the obtained bread, preserving its physicochemical properties and sensory acceptability.
The Use of Augmented Reality for the Management of Equipment Ageing with a Virtual Sensor
Authors: Ancione Giuseppa , Saitta Rebecca , Bragatto Paolo , Fiumara Giacomo , Milazzo Maria Francesca
Published: July 2023

Much of the equipment that is used in the chemical and process industry and for handling or treating hazardous substances is subject to deterioration. To manage the risk of major accidents due to this deterioration, the current legislation requires periodic controls that must be carried out to verify the health conditions (ageing). To support the inspectors performing this task, a virtual sensor has been designed and developed. It is a system composed of hardware and software that uses mathematical models and augmented reality to assist in on-field inspections for monitoring and predicting equipment ageing. Currently, there are no AR devices to perform inspections aimed at verifying the integrity of equipment. The virtual sensor collects ageing-related information and returns the corrosion rate, the probability of the critical pit, the corrosion evolution through iso-contour corrosion maps, and the RUL; finally, it allows visualising the equipment condition through augmented reality, (e.g., by means of thickness maps and tables that overlay the equipment). The aim of this paper is to present the graphical interface of the software application, which has been improved to minimise errors due to human–machine interaction. A large diesel storage tank has been used to show how the virtual sensor works.
Prognostic Factors for Hearing Preservation Surgery in Small Vestibular Schwannoma
Authors: Concheri Stefano , Deretti Alessandra , Tealdo Giulia , Zanoletti Elisabetta
Published: July 2023

Objective: to evaluate recent contributions to the literature on prognostic factors of hearing preservation in small vestibular schwannoma microsurgery. Methods: review of the most recent studies. Results: factors such as tumor size, preoperative hearing status, tumor growth rate, tumor origin, surgical approach, radiological characteristics, results of preoperative neurophysiological tests, preoperative symptoms and demographic features have been investigated and some of them reported to be significant in the prediction of hearing preservation. Conclusions: tumor size and preoperative hearing status are the most impactful factors and play a key role in patient selection for hearing preservation surgery. Other features such as fundal extension, tumor origin and impaired ABR could have prognostic value on hearing preservation. Tumor growth rate, preoperative impedance, cVEMPs and age have also recently been found to be significant, but more studies are needed. The role of preoperative tinnitus, vertigo and gender is lacking and controversial, whereas the differences between available surgical approaches have been smoothed out in recent years.
Reformulated Silver-Meal and Similar Lot Sizing Techniques
Authors: Segerstedt Anders , Abdul-Jalbar Beatriz , Samuelsson Björn
Published: July 2023

Literature and most textbooks around the world describe Silver-Meal in such a way that periods with zero demand make Silver-Meal suggest a higher frequency of order replenishments than necessary and therefore higher total costs than necessary. Silver-Meal, still the best-known technique, is therefore inferior to other lesser-known techniques when the time interval in the calculations presently is days and not months. The purpose of this article is to show that another mathematical formulation of Silver-Meal avoids this trouble. We also point to characteristics such as Silver-Meal, Least Unit Cost, Part-Period Balancing, and lot-sizing techniques that are available in many textbooks for operations and supply chain management. We illustrate the techniques with different examples of periods without demand, declining demand, and varying demand. We point out possible problems with the different techniques. Literature mostly does not consider periods of zero demand, which was not so important before. Lot-sizing methods must cope with the important performance indicator “Days of inventory”. Numerous practical situations with zero demand periods exist where a lot of sizing techniques help for efficient operations. It is necessary knowledge and a tool for students (future users, performers, and managers). “Lägsta periodkostnad” is a restored and reformulated Silver-Meal, with Silver-Meal’s characteristics already presented in literature, except those difficulties with zero demand periods disappear.
Modeling of COVID-19 in View of Rough Topology
Authors: Mareay R. , Abu-Gdairi Radwan , Badr M.
Published: July 2023

Rough-based topology has become an important technique for decision making in numerous real-life problems. The main purpose of this research paper is to use some topological notions in the approximation space of a rough set. Firstly, some concepts of topological near open sets and rough concepts are presented. A new approximation structure based on the topological near open sets is introduced. We debate the properties of the new approximation structure. We included an algorithm for detecting COVID-19 infection by its side effects. We believe that our approach will be helpful for any future detection.
Toward Scalable Liquid-Phase Synthesis of Sulfide Solid Electrolytes for All-Solid-State Batteries
Authors: Gamo Hirotada , Nagai Atsushi , Matsuda Atsunori
Published: July 2023

All-solid-state batteries (ASSBs) are promising to be next-generation battery that provides high energy density and intrinsic safety. Research in the field of ASSBs has so far focused on the development of highly conductive solid electrolytes (SEs). The commercialization of ASSBs requires well-established large-scale manufacturing for sulfide SEs with high ionic conductivity. However, the synthesis for sulfide SEs remains at the laboratory scale with limited scalability owing to their air sensitivity. The liquid-phase synthesis would be an economically viable manufacturing technology for sulfide SEs. Herein, we review a chemical perspective in liquid-phase synthesis that offers high scalability, low cost, and high reaction kinetics. This review provides a guideline for desirable solvent selection based on the solubility and polarity characterized by the donor number and dielectric permittivity of solvents. Additionally, we offer a deeper understanding of the recent works on scalable liquid-phase synthesis using solubilizers and reactant agents. We present an outlook on a universal liquid-phase synthesis of sulfide SEs toward the commercialization of sulfide-based ASSBs.
Detection of Cardiovascular Disease from Clinical Parameters Using a One-Dimensional Convolutional Neural Network
Authors: Khan Mamun Mohammad Mahbubur Rahman , Elfouly Tarek
Published: July 2023

Heart disease is a significant public health problem, and early detection is crucial for effective treatment and management. Conventional and noninvasive techniques are cumbersome, time-consuming, inconvenient, expensive, and unsuitable for frequent measurement or diagnosis. With the advance of artificial intelligence (AI), new invasive techniques emerging in research are detecting heart conditions using machine learning (ML) and deep learning (DL). Machine learning models have been used with the publicly available dataset from the internet about heart health; in contrast, deep learning techniques have recently been applied to analyze electrocardiograms (ECG) or similar vital data to detect heart diseases. Significant limitations of these datasets are their small size regarding the number of patients and features and the fact that many are imbalanced datasets. Furthermore, the trained models must be more reliable and accurate in medical settings. This study proposes a hybrid one-dimensional convolutional neural network (1D CNN), which uses a large dataset accumulated from online survey data and selected features using feature selection algorithms. The 1D CNN proved to show better accuracy compared to contemporary machine learning algorithms and artificial neural networks. The non-coronary heart disease (no-CHD) and CHD validation data showed an accuracy of 80.1% and 76.9%, respectively. The model was compared with an artificial neural network, random forest, AdaBoost, and a support vector machine. Overall, 1D CNN proved to show better performance in terms of accuracy, false negative rates, and false positive rates. Similar strategies were applied for four more heart conditions, and the analysis proved that using the hybrid 1D CNN produced better accuracy.
Bioaccumulation of Trace Elements in the Muscle of the Blackmouth Catshark Galeus melastomus from Mediterranean Waters
Authors: Gallo Samira , Nania Gianluca , Caruso Valentina , Zicarelli Giorgia , Leonetti Francesco Luigi , Giglio Gianni , Fedele Giorgio , Romano Chiara , Bottaro Massimiliano , Mangoni Olga , Scannella Danilo , Vitale Sergio , Falsone Fabio , Sardo Giacomo , Geraci Michele Luca , Neri Alessandra , Marsili Letizia , Mancusi Cecilia , Barca Donatella , Sperone Emilio
Published: July 2023

Environmental pollution, particularly in the marine environment, has become a significant concern due to the increasing presence of pollutants and their adverse effects on ecosystems and human health. This study focuses on the bioaccumulation of trace elements in the muscle tissue of the blackmouth catshark (Galeus melastomus) from different areas in the Mediterranean Sea. Trace elements are of interest due to their persistence, toxicity, and potential for bioaccumulation. This research aims to assess the distribution and accumulation of trace elements in the muscle tissue of G. melastomus and investigate their potential impact on the deep-sea environment of the Mediterranean. The focused areas include the Ligurian Sea, the northern and central Tyrrhenian Sea, the southern Tyrrhenian Sea, the Ionian Sea, the Pantelleria Waters, and the Gela Waters. Samples were collected following established protocols, and trace element analysis was conducted using inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry. The study provides data on the concentrations of 17 trace elements, namely aluminum, arsenic, cadmium, cobalt, copper, manganese, molybdenum, nickel, zinc, selenium, strontium, lead, chromium, iron, barium, bismuth, and uranium. The findings contribute to a better understanding of trace element bioaccumulation patterns in elasmobranch species, specifically G. melastomus, and highlight the potential risks associated with chemical contamination in the Mediterranean Sea. This research emphasizes the importance of studying the impacts of pollutants on marine organisms, particularly those occupying key ecological roles, like sharks, to support effective conservation and management strategies.
Updated Checklist of Chondrichthyan Species in Croatia (Central Mediterranean Sea)
Authors: Balàka Pia F. , Ugarković Pero , Türtscher Julia , Kriwet Jürgen , Niedermüller Simone , Krstinić Patrik , Jambura Patrick L.
Published: July 2023

Almost half of all chondrichthyan species in the Mediterranean Sea are threatened with extinction, according to the IUCN Red List. Due to a substantial lack of access to data on chondrichthyan catches in the Mediterranean Sea, especially of threatened species, the implementation of conservation measures is extremely insufficient. This also concerns the Adriatic Sea. Here we present a detailed and up-to-date assessment of the species occurring in Croatian waters, as the last checklist of chondrichthyans in Croatian waters was conducted in 2009. Occurrence records from historical data, literature and citizen science information have been compiled in order to present a comprehensive list of species occurrences. We found 54 chondrichthyan species between 1822 and 2022, consisting of a single chimaera, 23 rays and skates, and 30 shark species. Here, four additional species are listed but are considered doubtful. Five species are reported here for the first time for Croatian waters that were not listed in the survey from 2009. Nearly one-third of the species reported here are critically endangered in the entire Mediterranean Sea, based on the IUCN Red List. Additionally, we revisited the Croatian records of the sandtiger shark Carcharias taurus Rafinesque, 1810 and discussed its potential confusion with the smalltooth sandtiger shark Odontaspis ferox (Risso, 1810). Our results thus provide novel insights into the historical and current distribution patterns of chondrichthyan fishes in the Croatian Sea and provide a basis for further research as well as conservation measures.
A Novel ENU-Induced Mfn2 Mutation Causes Motor Deficits in Mice without Causing Peripheral Neuropathy
Authors: Hines Timothy J. , Bailey Janice , Liu Hedi , Guntur Anyonya R. , Seburn Kevin L. , Pratt Samia L. , Funke Jonathan R. , Tarantino Lisa M. , Burgess Robert W.
Published: July 2023

Mitochondrial fission and fusion are required for maintaining functional mitochondria. The mitofusins (MFN1 and MFN2) are known for their roles in mediating mitochondrial fusion. Recently, MFN2 has been implicated in other important cellular functions, such as mitophagy, mitochondrial motility, and coordinating endoplasmic reticulum-mitochondria communication. In humans, over 100 MFN2 mutations are associated with a form of inherited peripheral neuropathy, Charcot–Marie–Tooth disease type 2A (CMT2A). Here we describe an ENU-induced mutant mouse line with a recessive neuromuscular phenotype. Behavioral screening showed progressive weight loss and rapid deterioration of motor function beginning at 8 weeks. Mapping and sequencing revealed a missense mutation in exon 18 of Mfn2 (T1928C; Leu643Pro), within the transmembrane domain. Compared to wild-type and heterozygous littermates, Mfn2L643P/L643P mice exhibited diminished rotarod performance and decreases in activity in the open field test, muscular endurance, mean mitochondrial diameter, sensory tests, mitochondrial DNA content, and MFN2 protein levels. However, tests of peripheral nerve physiology and histology were largely normal. Mutant leg bones had reduced cortical bone thickness and bone area fraction. Together, our data indicate that Mfn2L643P causes a recessive motor phenotype with mild bone and mitochondrial defects in mice. Lack of apparent nerve pathology notwithstanding, this is the first reported mouse model with a mutation in the transmembrane domain of the protein, which may be valuable for researchers studying MFN2 biology.
Exploring Gut Microbial Dynamics and Symbiotic Interaction in Blattella germanica Using Rifampicin
Authors: Cazzaniga Monica , Domínguez-Santos Rebeca , Marín-Miret Jesús , Gil Rosario , Latorre Amparo , García-Ferris Carlos
Published: July 2023

Blattella germanica harbours two cohabiting symbiotic systems: an obligate endosymbiont, Blattabacterium, located inside bacteriocytes and vertically transmitted, which is key in nitrogen metabolism, and abundant and complex gut microbiota acquired horizontally (mainly by coprophagy) that must play an important role in host physiology. In this work, we use rifampicin treatment to deepen the knowledge on the relationship between the host and the two systems. First, we analysed changes in microbiota composition in response to the presence and removal of the antibiotic with and without faeces in one generation. We found that, independently of faeces supply, rifampicin-sensitive bacteria are strongly affected at four days of treatment, and most taxa recover after treatment, although some did not reach control levels. Second, we tried to generate an aposymbiotic population, but individuals that reached the second generation were severely affected and no third generation was possible. Finally, we established a mixed population with quasi-aposymbiotic and control nymphs sharing an environment in a blind experiment. The analysis of the two symbiotic systems in each individual after reaching the adult stage revealed that endosymbiont’s load does not affect the composition of the hindgut microbiota, suggesting that there is no interaction between the two symbiotic systems in Blattella germanica.
Molecular Research on Alzheimer’s Disease
Authors: Falsetti Lorenzo
Published: July 2023

Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is the most common form of dementia worldwide [...]
δ-Opioid Receptor as a Molecular Target for Increasing Cardiac Resistance to Reperfusion in Drug Development
Authors: Naryzhnaya Natalia V. , Mukhomedzyanov Alexander V. , Sirotina Maria , Maslov Leonid N. , Kurbatov Boris K. , Gorbunov Alexander S. , Kilin Mikhail , Kan Artur , Krylatov Andrey V. , Podoksenov Yuri K. , Logvinov Sergey V.
Published: July 2023

An analysis of published data and the results of our own studies reveal that the activation of a peripheral δ2-opioid receptor (δ2-OR) increases the cardiac tolerance to reperfusion. It has been found that this δ2-OR is localized in cardiomyocytes. Endogenous opioids are not involved in the regulation of cardiac resistance to reperfusion. The infarct-limiting effect of the δ2-OR agonist deltorphin II depends on the activation of several protein kinases, including PKCδ, ERK1/2, PI3K, and PKG. Hypothetical end-effectors of the cardioprotective effect of deltorphin II are the sarcolemmal KATP channels and the MPT pore.
Pain Modulation in Chronic Musculoskeletal Disorders: Botulinum Toxin, a Descriptive Analysis
Authors: Poenaru Daniela , Sandulescu Miruna Ioana , Cinteza Delia
Published: July 2023

Botulinum neurotoxin (BoNT), a product of Clostridium botulinum, reversibly inhibits the presynaptic release of the neurotransmitter acetylcholine at the neuromuscular junction. In addition, BoNT blocks the transmission of other substances involved in pain perception and, together with a soft-tissue anti-inflammatory effect, may play a role in analgesia. When first-line treatment fails, second-line therapies might include BoNT. Studies on chronic and recurrent pain using different mechanisms offer heterogenous results that must be validated and standardized. Plantar fasciitis, severe knee osteoarthritis, painful knee and hip arthroplasty, antalgic muscular contractures, and neuropathic and myofascial pain syndromes may benefit from the administration of BoNT. Research on this topic has revealed the main musculoskeletal conditions that can benefit from BoNT, stressing the effects, modalities of administration, doses, and schedule.
Relationship between Macrophages and Tissue Microenvironments in Diabetic Kidneys
Authors: Yan Jiayi , Li Xueling , Liu Ni , He John Cijiang , Zhong Yifei
Published: July 2023

Diabetic nephropathy (DN) is the leading cause of end-stage kidney disease. Increasing evidence has suggested that inflammation is a key microenvironment involved in the development and progression of DN. Studies have confirmed that macrophage accumulation is closely related to the progression to human DN. Macrophage phenotype is highly regulated by the surrounding microenvironment in the diabetic kidneys. M1 and M2 macrophages represent distinct and sometimes coexisting functional phenotypes of the same population, with their roles implicated in pathological changes, such as in inflammation and fibrosis associated with the stage of DN. Recent findings from single-cell RNA sequencing of macrophages in DN further confirmed the heterogeneity and plasticity of the macrophages. In addition, intrinsic renal cells interact with macrophages directly or through changes in the tissue microenvironment. Macrophage depletion, modification of its polarization, and autophagy could be potential new therapies for DN.
Hydrogen Therapy and Its Future Prospects for Ameliorating COVID-19: Clinical Applications, Efficacy, and Modality
Authors: Perveen Ishrat , Bukhari Bakhtawar , Najeeb Mahwish , Nazir Sumbal , Faridi Tallat Anwar , Farooq Muhammad , Ahmad Qurat-ul-Ain , Abusalah Manal Abdel Haleem A. , ALjaraedah Thana’ Y. , Alraei Wesal Yousef , Rabaan Ali A. , Singh Kirnpal Kaur Banga , Abusalah Mai Abdel Haleem A.
Published: July 2023

Molecular hydrogen is renowned as an odorless and colorless gas. The recommendations developed by China suggest that the inhalation of hydrogen molecules is currently advised in COVID-19 pneumonia treatment. The therapeutic effects of molecular hydrogens have been confirmed after numerous clinical trials and animal-model-based experiments, which have expounded that the low molecular weight of hydrogen enables it to easily diffuse and permeate through the cell membranes to produce a variety of biological impacts. A wide range of both chronic and acute inflammatory diseases, which may include sepsis, pancreatitis, respiratory disorders, autoimmune diseases, ischemia-reperfusion damages, etc. may be treated and prevented by using it. H2 can primarily be inoculated through inhalation, by drinking water (which already contains H2), or by administrating the injection of saline H2 in the body. It may play a pivotal role as an antioxidant, in regulating the immune system, in anti-inflammatory activities (mitochondrial energy metabolism), and cell death (apoptosis, pyroptosis, and autophagy) by reducing the formation of excessive reactive O2 species and modifying the transcription factors in the nuclei of the cells. However, the fundamental process of molecular hydrogen is still not entirely understood. Molecular hydrogen H2 has a promising future in therapeutics based on its safety and possible usefulness. The current review emphasizes the antioxidative, anti-apoptotic, and anti-inflammatory effects of hydrogen molecules along with the underlying principle and fundamental mechanism involved, with a prime focus on the coronavirus disease of 2019 (COVID-19). This review will also provide strategies and recommendations for the therapeutic and medicinal applications of the hydrogen molecule.
The Lift Effects of Chordwise Wing Deformation and Body Angle on Low-Speed Flying Butterflies
Authors: Fang Yan-Hung , Tang Chia-Hung , Lin You-Jun , Yeh Szu-I , Yang Jing-Tang
Published: July 2023

This work investigates the effects of body angle and wing deformation on the lift of free-flying butterflies. The flight kinematics were recorded using three high-speed cameras, and particle-image velocimetry (PIV) was used to analyze the transient flow field around the butterfly. Parametric studies via numerical simulations were also conducted to examine the force generation of the wing by fixing different body angles and amplifying the chordwise deformation. The results show that appropriately amplifying chordwise deformation enhances wing performance due to an increase in the strength of the vortex and a more stabilized attached vortex. The wing undergoes a significant chordwise deformation, which can generate a larger lift coefficient than that with a higher body angle, resulting in a 14% increase compared to a lower chordwise deformation and body angle. This effect is due to the leading-edge vortex attached to the curved wing, which alters the force from horizontal to vertical. It, therefore, produces more efficient lift during flight. These findings reveal that the chordwise deformation of the wing and the body angle could increase the lift of the butterfly. This work was inspired by real butterfly flight, and the results could provide valuable knowledge about lift generation for designing microaerial vehicles.
Psychological Capital and Self-Acceptance Modified the Association of Depressive Tendency with Self-Rated Health of College Students in China during the COVID-19 Pandemic
Authors: Yao Yongcheng , Yao Junyan , Chen Shuyan , Zhang Xiaohui , Meng Hongling , Li Yuping , Lu Lingeng
Published: July 2023

Background: To explore the association between the self-reported health status, depressive tendency, psychological capital, and self-acceptance of college students in China during the COVID-19 pandemic. Methods: Using the online survey platform “questionnaire star”, a two-phase cross-sectional study was conducted on a total number of 1438 undergraduates with informed consents. The questionnaires of Self-Rated Health Measurement Scale (SRHMS), the Center for Epidemiological Studies-Depression Scale (CES-D), Psychological Capital Questionnaire (PCQ-24), and self-acceptance questionnaire were administered to each participant. Results: Male college students had significantly higher depressive tendency scores than female (17.59 vs. 15.82) (p < 0.01). College students having no siblings had significantly higher psychological capital scores than those having siblings (108.63 vs. 105.60) (p < 0.05). Exercise had significantly positive associations with self-rated health, psychological capital, and self-acceptance scores, while online time per day had significantly negative associations. Multivariate analysis showed that the interaction between depressive tendency, psychological capital, and self-acceptance was statistically significant (β = 0.004, p = 0.013 for phase 1 and β = 0.002, p = 0.025 for phase 2) in health status with depressive tendency ranking the top (β = −0.54 for phase 1 and −0.41 for phase 2, p < 0.001). Mediation analysis showed that psychological capital and self-acceptance modified the association of depressive tendency with health status. Conclusion: Physical exercise is beneficial to both physical and psychological health. Depressive tendency is the main risk factor that associates with self-rated health. Regardless of depressive tendency level, high psychological capital and self-acceptance could improve college students’ health.
Comparing Circular Kitchens: A Study of the Dutch Housing Sector
Authors: Wouterszoon Jansen Bas , Duijghuisen Jin-Ah , van Bortel Gerard , Gruis Vincent
Published: July 2023

The built environment can become more sustainable by gradually replacing building components with circular ones. Kitchens are a logical component to be made circular, given their relatively short lifespan, product-based nature, and affordable prototypes. Since various designs for circular kitchens can be developed, understanding the feasibility of these designs is crucial for their successful implementation. This knowledge, however, remains limited. Therefore, this article aimed to determine which types of circular kitchens are feasible. Circular kitchens available or announced in the Dutch housing sector within the past five years were compared using an adapted version of the CBC generator, a comprehensive design framework for circular building components. The comparison included the Circular Kitchen (CIK), developed as part of an international research project. Data were sourced from manufacturers’ websites and online publications supplemented by interviews with two outliers to verify the results. The analysis encompassed seven circular kitchens, with two developed by established manufacturers and five by start-ups. The manufacturers mostly communicated about their kitchen’s physical design. The established manufacturers’ circular kitchens were found to be more similar to their non-circular kitchens, while start-ups applied more radical innovations. Furthermore, the kitchens that had a frame structure using technical materials or a panel-based structure using biological materials were more likely to be feasible. These findings can facilitate future circular kitchen development by improving these kitchens’ feasibility, thus aiding the transition to a more circular built environment. Furthermore, this research contributes scientifically by adapting a comprehensive design framework (the CBC generator) to compare circular designs.