bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Comparison of the chondrogenic potential of eBMSCs and eUCMSCs in response to selected peptides and compounds
Authors: Ajeeb Boushra , Kiyotake Emi A. , Keefe Peggy A. , Phillips Jennifer Nikki , Hatzel Jennifer N. , Goodrich Laurie R. , Detamore Michael S.
Published: February 2025

Background

Cartilage injuries pose significant challenges in horses and often lead to post-traumatic osteoarthritis (PTOA). Despite the advances in surgical and regenerative techniques, the result in most cases is the formation of a fibrocartilage repair tissue. Cell-based cartilage therapies are mainly focused on equine bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells (eBMSCs) as they are easily accessible, and multipotent. Nonetheless, alternative allogeneic sources, for example equine umbilical cord matrix mesenchymal stromal cells (eUCMSCs), hold promise given their non-invasive and readily accessible nature. Considerable research has been dedicated to exploring chondroinductive factors (e.g., peptides and small compounds), aiming to replace growth factors for inducing chondrogenesis. However, these factors have not yet translated to the equine community. Therefore, in the current study, we selected from the literature two promising peptides, CM10 and CK2.1, and two promising compounds, kartogenin and SM04690, and assessed their chondroinductive potential with both eBMSCs and eUCMSCs. In addition, the chondroinductive potential of eBMSCs was evaluated in monolayer and spheroid culture in both hypoxia and normoxia in response to dexamethasone and/or transforming growth factor beta 3 (TGF-β3).

Results

Following 21 days of culture, none of the evaluated chondrogenic factors resulted in a higher gene expression of chondrogenic markers compared to the positive or negative controls with eBMSCs or eUCMSCs. Interestingly, spheroid culture in hypoxia with dexamethasone treatment (without TGF-β or any compound or peptide) was sufficient to induce the chondrogenic differentiation of eBMSCs.

Conclusion

Based on cell response to the positive control, in the conditions employed in the current study, eBMSCs may be preferred over eUCMSCs for chondrogenesis. The current study supports the use of spheroid culture, and the use of dexamethasone over TGF-β or any of the compounds or peptides tested here from the prior literature to drive chondrogenesis with eBMSCs.
IgA displays site- and subclass-specific glycoform differences despite equal glycoenzyme expression
Authors: Falck David , Sokolova Maria V. , Koeleman Carolien A. M. , Irumva Vanessa , Kirchner Philipp , Schulz Sebastian R. , Schmidt Katja G. , Harrer Thomas , Ekici Arif B. , Spriewald Bernd , Schett Georg , Wuhrer Manfred , Herrmann Martin , Steffen Ulrike
Published: February 2025

Background

Glycosylation is an important posttranslational modification of proteins and in most cases indispensable for proper protein function. Like most soluble proteins, IgA, the second most prevalent antibody in human serum, contains several N- and O-glycosylation sites. While for IgG the impact of Fc glycosylation on effector functions and inflammatory potential has been studied intensively, only little is known for IgA. In addition, only glimpses exist regarding the regulation of IgA glycosylation. We have previously shown that IgA1 and IgA2 differ functionally and also show differences in their glycosylation pattern. The more pro-inflammatory IgA2 which is linked to autoimmune diseases displays decreased sialylation, galactosylation, fucosylation and bisection as compared to IgA1. In the present study, we aimed to investigate these differences in glycosylation in detail and to explore the mechanisms underlying them.

Methods

IgA1 and IgA2 was isolated from serum of 12 healthy donors. Site specific glycosylation was analyzed by mass spectrometry. In addition, human bone marrow plasma cells were investigated using single cell mRNA sequencing, flow cytometry and ELISpot.

Results

We found that certain glycoforms greatly differ in their abundance between IgA1 and IgA2 while others are equally abundant. Overall, the IgA2 glycans displayed a more immature phenotype with a higher prevalence of oligomannose and fewer fully processed glycans. Of note, these differences can’t be explained by differences in the glycosylation enzyme machinery as mRNA sequencing and flow cytometry analysis showed equal enzyme expression in IgA1 and IgA2 producing plasma cells. ELISpot analysis suggested a slightly increased antibody production rate in IgA2 producing plasma cells which might contribute to its lower glycan processing rates. But this difference was only minor, suggesting that further factors such as steric accessibility determine glycan processing. This is supported by the fact that glycans at different positions on the same IgA chain differ dramatically in fucosylation, sialylation and bisection.

Conclusion

In summary, our detailed overview of IgA1 and IgA2 glycosylation shows a class, subclass, and site-specific glycosylation fingerprint, most likely due to structural differences of the protein backbones.
Fluoroestradiol (FES) and Fluorodeoxyglucose (FDG) PET imaging in patients with ER+, HER2-positive or HER2-negative metastatic breast cancer
Authors: Hunter Natasha B. , Peterson Lanell M. , Specht Jennifer M. , Mankoff David A. , Muzi Mark , Chen Delphine L. , Gwin William R. , Vinayak Shaveta , Davidson Nancy E. , Linden Hannah M.
Published: February 2025

Background

18F-Fluorodeoxyglucose (FDG) and 18F-Fluorestradiol (FES) have been FDA approved for measuring tumor glycolytic activity and estrogen receptor (ER) uptake, respectively, in clinical positron emission tomography (PET) imaging for patients with hormone-receptor (HR) positive metastatic breast cancer (MBC), but little is known about its utility in patients with breast tumors that overexpress human epidermal growth factor 2 (HER2). We hypothesize that comparing patterns of FDG and FES uptake in patients with HER2-positive versus HER2-negative MBC can guide further biologic and clinical studies into the HR/HER2-positive phenotype.

Methods

We conducted a retrospective study examining uptake in matched lesions for FES and FDG-PET scans, assessing these parameters in 213 patients with ER-positive/HER2-positive (n = 33) versus ER-positive/HER2-negative MBC (n = 180). We employed log-rank and t-tests to assess the association of HER2 status with outcome variables and the hypotheses that patients expressing HER2-positive disease lived longer than patient with HER2-negative disease.

Results

No difference in FES or FDG avidity was observed between patients with HER2-negative or HER2-positive tumor status. Limited data also suggests that patients with HER2-positive disease had better overall survival (p = 0.024), than those with HER2-negative disease, but not time-to-progression between the same patient cohorts.

Conclusion

This retrospective analysis suggests that there is a possible role for future trials using FES-PET in helping to select patients with ER+/HER2-positive primary tumors who retain ER expression at all sites of disease and may benefit from endocrine therapy.
Exploratory high b value diffusion-weighted MR for quantitative differentiation of ileocecal inflammatory conditions and tumors
Authors: Yu Hao , Hai Yucheng , Lu Jingyu
Published: February 2025

Objectives

To explore the quantitative analysis of high b value (2000 s/mm2) diffusion-weighted imaging (DWI) for the differentiation of ileocecal inflammatory conditions and tumors, compared with conventional b value (800 s/mm2) DWI.

Methods

Sixty-six patients with 30 tumors and 36 inflammatory conditions underwent MR enterography with conventional and high b values DWI. Quantitative apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC) values and signal intensity ratios (SIRs) of lesions of the psoas muscle were measured from the two b value DWIs. The receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve was applied to determine the diagnostic value of ADC and SIR for differentiating tumors from inflammatory conditions.

Results

The ADC values of tumors were significantly lower than those of inflammatory conditions in 800 s/mm2 (p = 0.001) and 2000 s/mm2 (p < 0.001) DWI. In addition, tumors exhibited significantly higher SIR values compared to inflammatory conditions (p < 0.001 in 800 s/mm2 and 2000 s/mm2 DWI). Areas under the curve (AUC) of ADC and SIR derived from high b value (0.828 for ADC, 0.947 for SIR) were superior to those from conventional b value DWI (0.731 and 0.849, respectively). Compared to ADC, SIR values achieved better AUCs in both two b values DWI.

Conclusions

Quantitative ADC values and SIR could be used as non-invasive tools to distinguish ileocecal tumors from inflammatory conditions. The use of high b value DWI would improve this ability. Furthermore, SIR obtained from high b value DWI was the most promising quantitative parameter.

Critical relevance statement

This study indicated that quantitative DWI parameters might be applied as non-invasive imaging biomarkers for distinguishing bowel tumors from inflammatory conditions. The SIR from high b value DWI could improve the differentiation, providing invaluable information for establishing appropriate therapeutic strategies.

Key Points

Differentiation between bowel inflammatory conditions and tumors is still a dilemma.

Quantitative DWI contributed to distinguishing ileocecal tumors from inflammatory conditions.

SIR from DWI is a promising parameter for differentiating these pathologies.

Graphical Abstract
Diagnosis of adult midgut malrotation in CT: sign of absent retromesenteric duodenum reliable
Authors: Yang Min , Zheng Shaokun , Shu Jian , Yao Zhenwei
Published: February 2025

Objectives

To compare the incidence of absent retromesenteric duodenum with other radiological signs and to assess its diagnostic significance for midgut malrotation in adults.

Methods

This IRB-approved retrospective single-center study involved adult patients who underwent abdominal CT scans. Patients were screened for the presence of the absent retromesenteric duodenum sign. Signs observed included the position of the duodenal–jejunal junction (DJJ) and jejunum within the abdomen, the relationship between the superior mesenteric artery (SMA) and superior mesenteric vein (SMV), the locations of the ascending colon, cecum, and appendix, and the presence of intestinal volvulus.

Results

A total of 5594 patients were included. Seven patients exhibited the sign of absent retromesenteric duodenum. Four of these patients were identified as those diagnosed with midgut malrotation in the past five years. The common features observed in all 11 patients were: the horizontal segment of the duodenum did not traverse behind the SMA but instead curved rightwards and forwards adjacent to it; the DJJ and jejunum were positioned in the right abdomen; the SMV was anterior to the SMA. In 7 patients (7/11), the ascending colon, cecum, and appendix were located in the left abdomen. 5 patients (5/11) showed a high cecum position, and 2 patients (2/11) exhibited a pelvic appendix.

Conclusion

The absent retromesenteric duodenum sign in CT diagnosis of adult midgut malrotation has proven to be more reliable.

Critical relevance statement

Radiologists should routinely identify the course of the duodenum horizontal segment in CT images, to prevent misdiagnosis of adult midgut malrotation.

Key Points

CT is suitable for the diagnosis of adult midgut malrotation.

Absent retromesenteric duodenum for diagnosing adult midgut malrotation is more reliable than other signs.

Diagnostic CT criteria for adult midgut malrotation need updating.

Graphical Abstract
MoxR effects as an ATPase on anti-stress and pathogenicity of Riemerella anatipestifer
Authors: Zhang Yang , Zhang Yanhao , He Yushan , Hou Yarong , Li Xuedi , Yang Xueying , Zhou Zutao , Li Zili
Published: February 2025

Duck infectious serositis is a septicemic disease caused by the bacterium Riemerella anatipestifer (R. anatipestifer), which affects ducks, geese, turkeys, and other poultry. While outbreaks have been reported worldwide, the exact mechanisms of infection and disease progression remain unclear. Our previous research identified the two-component system PhoPR within the genome of R. anatipestifer and demonstrated its association with the bacterium’s pathogenicity. Through multi-omics analysis, we found that PhoP directly regulates the expression of several genes, including moxR, within the Bacteroides aerotolerance (Bat) operon. However, the function of MoxR in R. anatipestifer has not yet been reported. To investigate the impact of MoxR on the expression of the bat operon and the pathogenicity of R. anatipestifer, we constructed ΔmoxR and other derivative strains. Our findings revealed that overexpression of MoxR inhibits the transcription of the bat operon. Conversely, deletion of moxR, along with exposure of R. anatipestifer to thermal or oxidative stress, results in increased transcription levels of the bat operon. By measuring the survival ability of each strain under stress, we discovered that MoxR is closely associated with the resistance of R. anatipestifer to thermal and oxidative stress by influencing the expression of the bat operon. Duckling infection experiments, along with adhesion and invasion assays, showed that deletion of moxR in R. anatipestifer led to decreased pathogenicity, and lower bacterial load in various tissues. Collectively, our findings collectively demonstrate the significant role of MoxR in the anti-stress and pathogenicity of R. anatipestifer, providing new insights into its pathogenic mechanisms.
An interactive mobile three-dimensional virtual laboratory for learning ear anatomy
Authors: Putri Atina , Rosmansyah Fahma Waluya , Triejunita Chessa Nur , Sukmana Yuda , Purnami Nyilo , Sakina Sakina , Amalia Yuni Sari , Rosmansyah Yusep
Published: February 2025

The increasing popularity of mobile devices as alternative tools for learning has led to the adoption of virtual laboratory simulation (VLab) to enhance practical learning experiences. This paper introduces an interactive mobile learning application designed to facilitate medical students in learning ear anatomy using a three-dimensional model. Furthermore, this study examines students’ perceptions of VLab and its impact on the learning process, as evidenced by their performance. The research involved a total of 40 medical and engineering students who were enrolled in anatomy and physiology courses. A cross-over repeated measures design was conducted to compare students’ experiences with both types of learning methods: conventional and VLab. To analyze students’ perceptions of VLab, a five-point Likert scale comprising 22 question items was utilized based on the hedonic-motivation system adoption model, which includes seven variables: heightened enjoyment, behavioral intention to use, perceived usefulness, curiosity, control, perceived ease of use, and focused immersion (FI). Additionally, students’ performance data were collected through the pre-test, mid-test, and post-test. The results of quantitative statistical analysis indicated that VLab generally fulfilled students’ perceptions. Moreover, the findings revealed that the combination of conventional learning approaches and VLab positively enhanced students’ learning performance, as demonstrated by improvements in their scores.
Prevalence of mud diapirs in the Hyuga-nada subduction zone, southwest Japan, and its implications on hydrogeological processes
Authors: Arai Ryuta , Shiraishi Kazuya , Nakamura Yasuyuki , Fujie Gou , Kioka Arata , Kinoshita Masataka , Fukuchi Rina
Published: February 2025

Mud volcanoes, common seafloor features in subduction zone forearcs, provide crucial insights into deep hydrogeological systems associated with plate subduction. Despite their widespread occurrence, the factors governing their uneven distribution remain unclear, and their internal physical properties are poorly understood. Using multiple seismic reflection profiles and high-resolution P-wave velocity (Vp) models, we examined the distribution and physical properties of mud diapirs in the Hyuga-nada subduction zone, southwest Japan, impacted by the Kyushu-Palau ridge seamount chain entering the junction of the Nankai Trough and the Ryukyu Trench. Our seismic reflection data revealed more than 60 diapiric structures, some breaching the seafloor, while others remain buried beneath shallow sediments. These diapirs predominantly occur where the subducting slab is 10–20 km deep, mainly on the leading edge of a large subducting seamount. Notably, there is a significant absence of diapirs directly above the seamount and within approximately 50 km of the trench axis. The findings suggest that once the slab reaches depths greater than 10 km, thermogenic hydrocarbon gas production, which gains significant buoyancy, drives upwelling fluid flows in the overriding plate. The ridge subduction also contributes to diapir distribution by enhancing dehydration of underthrust sediments on the downdip side and creating a porous fracture network in the upper plate. The Vp structure of an exposed mud volcano indicates that it contains methane levels similar to those in the Kumano-nada region of the central Nankai Trough. Buried mud diapirs, rooted in fluid- and gas-rich reservoirs at 1–5 km depths below the seafloor, exhibit significantly lower seismic velocities (Vp < 3.0 km/s), indicating higher fluid and hydrocarbon gas concentration at depth. These observations suggest the forearc wedge in the Hyuga-nada area contains more extensive fluid/gas reservoirs than previously recognized.
Injection site reactions of biologics and mitigation strategies
Authors: Zhi Li , Liu Dingjiang , Shameem Mohammed
Published: February 2025

Biological products administered via subcutaneous (SC) injections offer an effective and convenient alternative to those administered via traditional intravenous injections and have gained a significant increase among approved drugs in recent years. However, SC injections may cause injection site reactions (ISRs) especially injection site pain (ISP). Although usually mild and occurring with variable frequency ranging from about 0.8 to 15.5%, ISRs can degrade patient experience and negatively impact patient treatment adherence. In an effort to prevent unnecessary discontinuation of the treatment, this review article aims to provide an overview of the key risk factors reported in published literature that may contribute to ISRs in SC administered biologics. In addition, mitigation strategies are proposed to help reduce the incidence of ISRs, support the development of well-tolerated SC products, and allow patients to take advantage of the full value of the SC route of administration.

Graphical abstract
Gamma Knife application for optic/hypothalamic pathway glioma: a systematic review
Authors: Rashidi Farhang , Habibi Mohammad Amin , Karami Shaghayegh , Mirjani Mohammad Sina , Maleki Samin , Bahri Amirmohammad , Iranmehr Arad
Published: February 2025

Background

Optic pathway gliomas (OPGs) are tumors in the optic nerve, chiasm, or hypothalamus, primarily affecting children. They can cause visual disturbances and increased intracranial pressure. The current treatment approach includes chemotherapy, radiotherapy, or surgery, but the optimal management strategy remains uncertain. Gamma Knife radiosurgery (GKS) has emerged as a promising option for managing OPGs, offering lower toxicity rates and improved neurocognitive function. However, the effectiveness and safety of GKS for OPGs require further investigation. A systematic review was conducted to evaluate the outcomes and potential complications of GKS for OPGs. The study aimed to assess the safety and efficacy of GKS in terms of tumor control, visual outcome, and endocrine outcome.

Methods

Using the related key terms, we comprehensively searched relevant articles from PubMed, Embase, Scopus, and Web of Science databases from inception to June 15, 2024. This study followed the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) guidelines. Studies were included according to the eligibility criteria, and the relevant data were extracted.

Results

The current systematic review included seven studies (n = 83, 40 males and 43 females). All studies employed Gamma Knife as the radiation source, and the reported progression-free survival rates ranged from 78 to 100% during one to five years following treatment. During a one to five-year follow-up period, the preservation of visual acuity was reported to range between 77 and 92%. Furthermore, no cases of radiation necrosis or other neurological impairments were reported in the studies.

Conclusion

GKS appears to be a safe and effective treatment option for patients with OPGs, minimizing the risk of radiation-induced toxicity. However, further controlled studies are needed to establish the current study's findings regarding safety and efficacy.
Safety and efficacy of endoscopic band ligation versus argon plasma coagulation in management of gastric antral vascular ectasia: randomized clinical trial
Authors: Swifee Esraa Y. M. , Osman Osman A. , Abdel-Malek Mohamed O , Mekky Mohamed A
Published: February 2025

Background

Endoscopic management of gastric antral vascular ectasia (GAVE) is challenging. Most of the published studies investigated the role of argon plasma coagulation (APC). However, comparing APC versus endoscopic band ligation (EBL) is still underestimated. Therefore, this study aimed to evaluate and compare efficacy and safety of EBL and APC in management of GAVE.

Methods

Between April 2022 and April 2024, a randomized, controlled study was conducted in EL-Rajhi endoscopy unit at Assuit university hospital to enroll all patients endoscopically diagnosed with GAVE. Each patient was randomly assigned to his group using quick Calcs method for randomization. Post-procedure follow-up after 3 months and 6 months to evaluate potential complications.

Results

A total of 30 patients diagnosed endoscopically with gastric GAVE were randomly divided into two groups: APC group including 16 patients (62.5% males and 37.5% females), their median age was 64.00, and EBL group including 14 patients (71.4% males and 28.6% females), their median age was 65.00. We found that both EBL and APC were effective in successful management of GAVE and improving hemoglobin level (p < 0.001) and decreased the need for blood transfusion with no statistically significant difference between the two groups (p 0.732). However, EBL was superior to APC in fewer number of endoscopic sessions needed for endoscopic remission of GAVE (p < 0.001). There were no significant differences in complications between the two groups (p > 0.056).

Conclusion

APC and EBL are effective in the management of GAVE. However, EBL is potentially superior in fewer number of treatment sessions, but not in the extent to which the two methods improved hemoglobin level and blood transfusion needed. Further studies with large numbers, different inclusions are needed.
Tunable acoustic transmission based on waveguide network metastructure
Authors: Lan Jun , Zhou Yumin , Wang Tao , Li Yifeng , Liu Xiaozhou
Published: February 2025

The tunable manipulation of sound propagation for on-chip waveguide is crucial for acoustic integrated circuits. Here, a non-uniform Mie resonator with anisotropic spatial dispersion characteristic is proposed as an adjustable unit to realize tunable transmission across multiple paths within the waveguide network metastructure. The structure of the non-uniform Mie resonator has four waveguides with different refractive indexes obtained by zigzag waveguides, which can excite fixed and rotational anisotropic hyperbolic characteristics simultaneously. On this basis, non-uniform Mie resonator array metamaterials are integrated at the intersections of waveguide network metastructure. By varying the rotation angle of the non-uniform Mie resonators, tunable control over the sound transmission paths within the waveguide network metastructure is achieved. Moreover, the proposed method allows for the simultaneous transmission of multiple non-intersecting sound paths without significant interference. Designed waveguide network metastructure opens a new avenue for improving the utilization efficiency in on-chip waveguide.
Primed bovine embryonic stem cell lines can be derived at diverse stages of blastocyst development with similar efficiency and molecular characteristics Running title: Stem cells from bovine early blastocysts
Authors: Guiltinan Carly , Botigelli Ramon C. , Candelaria Juliana I. , Smith Justin M. , Arcanjo Rachel B. , Denicol Anna C.
Published: February 2025

In this study, we established bovine embryonic stem cell (bESC) lines from early (eBL) and full (BL) blastocysts to determine the efficiency of bESC derivation from an earlier embryonic stage and compare the characteristics of the resulting lines. Using established medium and protocols for derivation of primed bESCs from expanded blastocysts, we derived bESC lines from eBLs and BLs with the same efficiency (4/12 each, 33%). Regardless of original blastocyst stage, bESC lines had a similar phenotype, including differentiation capacity, stable karyotype, and pluripotency marker expression over feeder-free transition and long-term culture. Transcriptome and functional analyses indicated that eBL- and BL-derived lines were in primed pluripotency. We additionally compared RNA-sequencing data from our lines to bovine embryos and stem cells from other recent reports, finding that base medium was the predominant source of variation among cell lines. In conclusion, our results show that indistinguishable bESC lines can be readily derived from eBL and BL, widening the pool of embryos available for bESC establishment. Finally, our investigation points to sources of variation in cell phenotype among recently reported bESC conditions, opening the door to future studies investigating the impact of factors aside from signaling molecules on ESC derivation, maintenance, and performance.
Exercise-Induce Changes in Hemodynamics, Hormones, Electrolytes and Inflammatory Markers in Veteran Athletes with and without Coronary Atherosclerosis
Authors: Janssen Sylvan L.J.E. , Aengevaeren Vincent L. , de Vries Femke , Kleinnibbelink Geert , Mingels Alma M.A. , Hopman Maria T.E. , Mosterd Arend , Velthuis Birgitta K. , Riksen Niels P. , Eijsvogels Thijs M.H.
Published: February 2025

Aims

Middle-aged and older male athletes have more coronary atherosclerosis than less active peers. We aimed to explore mechanisms that can contribute to this accelerated coronary atherosclerosis by comparing exercise-induced changes in hemodynamic factors, circulating hormones, electrolytes, and inflammatory markers across athletes with and without coronary atherosclerosis.

Methods

59 male athletes recruited from the MARC-2 study were stratified as controls (coronary artery calcium score (CACS) = 0, n = 20), high CACS (≥300 Agatston Units or ≥ 75th MESA percentile, n = 20) or significant stenosis (≥50% in any coronary artery, n = 19). At rest, during an exhaustive endurance cycling test and following 3 hours of recovery, we measured blood pressure and blood concentrations of PTH, calcium, magnesium, phosphate, CRP, IL-6, IL-1RA, IL-10, ICAM-1, VCAM-1, and E-selectin.

Results

58 participants completed the exercise test (76 ± 14 minutes). All biomarkers changed during exercise, except CRP, ICAM-1, and VCAM-1. Systolic blood pressure, PTH, calcium, phosphate, IL-6, IL-1RA and E-selectin concentrations increased during exercise. In contrast, diastolic blood pressure and magnesium concentrations decreased during exercise. The magnitude of exercise-induced responses of hemodynamic factors, circulating hormones, electrolytes, cytokine, and adhesion molecule concentrations did, however, not differ across groups.

Conclusions

Blood pressure, hormone, electrolyte, and cytokine concentrations changed following an exhaustive endurance exercise test, but the magnitude of these responses did not differ between athletes with versus without coronary atherosclerosis. These findings suggest that accelerated coronary atherosclerosis in endurance athletes may not be explained by differences in responses to exercise, but by differences in exercise exposure or other mechanisms not assessed in this study.
Demand-side barriers and economic burden in accessing Human Papillomavirus screening for cervical cancer prevention in rural India: Evidence from a cross-sectional study
Authors: Sriram Shyamkumar , Jayakumar Arun Daniel , Gollapalli Pavan Kumar , Chandrasekar Swetha
Published: February 2025

Introduction Cervical cancer is a significant global health concern, especially in low- and middle-income countries with limited access to preventive healthcare. India’s vast rural population amplifies the challenge, demanding immediate action. Despite advancements, cervical cancer remains prevalent among underserved rural communities, hindered by barriers to Human Papillomavirus (HPV) screening uptake, including socioeconomic and financial constraints. This study aims to evaluate the economic challenges encountered by rural women when accessing HPV screening. Methods A cross-sectional survey was conducted among 1502 women aged 30 to 45 in Pondicherry, India, utilizing the Andersen Model as a conceptual framework. Household questionnaires gathered data on HPV screening expenses, including patient travel costs, productivity loss, and companion costs. The analysis utilized regression models, to identify the factors impacting the economic challenges associated with accessing HPV screening. Results The study found that employment status significantly influenced healthcare costs, with employed women incurring ₹65.78 more than unemployed women (p < 0.001). Education level was also a significant predictor, with each additional year of education leading to a ₹108.45 increase in costs (p < 0.001). Travel time had a positive association with healthcare costs, with every additional minute spent traveling increasing costs by ₹5.98 (p < 0.001). Income and companion accompaniment were also significant predictors, while distance to the PHC and age did not show significant associations with total healthcare. Conclusions The study highlights the multifaceted economic challenges faced by rural populations accessing HPV screening for cervical cancer prevention in India. Notwithstanding diverse demographics and varying proximity to healthcare facilities, individuals encounter significant barriers such as travel time and associated costs. Addressing these challenges necessitates targeted interventions to reduce socioeconomic disparities and improve healthcare accessibility for vulnerable populations, thereby advancing cervical cancer prevention efforts and promoting health equity in rural communities.
Influence of Acid Composition on Morphology and Physical Properties of Titanium Alloy
Authors: Ayub Fakhrana Ariani , Sunarso Sunarso , Dewi Ratna Sari
Published: February 2025

Background Surface modifications of titanium alloys used in dental implants can significantly change the implants’ micro and nano topography and composition. These alterations can lead to substantial improvements in mechanical properties, hydrophilicity, osseointegration, and antibacterial performance, as well as positively influencing osteoblast activity and bone formation processes. This paper investigates the effect of the combination of acid etching on titanium alloys’ surface morphology, roughness, and hydrophilicity. Methods A titanium alloy (Ti6Al4V) disc with a diameter of 12 mm and thickness of 2 mm was sandblasted using aluminum oxide Al2O3 by particle sizes 100 μm, 250 μm, and 500 μm and followed by acid etching. Acid etching was carried out on these samples using different combinations of acid, i.e., hydrofluoric acid (HF), hydrochloric acid (HCL), and sulfuric acid (H2SO4), with the same temperature and time exposure. All titanium surfaces were characterized using a scanning electron microscope (SEM) and contact profilometer. Results This study showed that the type of acid combination influenced the surface morphology and roughness profile. After sandblast and acid etching, the titanium alloy has roughness between 1.369 μm – 4.304 μm. There is no significant difference in surface roughness between using a combination of HF, HCL, H2SO4 and only the combination of HCL and H2SO4. Conclusions Titanium alloy has achieved the desired morphology and roughness after sandblasting with Al2O3 250 μm and acid-etching with HCL and H2SO4. Acid etching with a combination of HCL and H2SO4 at 120 degrees can produce micro-topography in a shorter duration.
Information security education: a thematic trend analysis
Authors: Rodríguez-Correa Paula Andrea , Valencia-Arias Alejandro , Martínez Rojas Ezequiel , Oré León Aarón , Mellin Rubio Ray Harvey , Vásquez Coronado Manuel Humberto , Jimenez Garcia Jesus Alberto
Published: February 2025

The evolution of information technologies has led to a significant increase in information security risks, underscoring the urgent need for professional education in this field to safeguard organizational data. Publications on this topic highlight the necessity of educating individuals about data security, and their number has grown in recent years. This study aims to identify thematic trends in information security education through a bibliometric analysis based on five research questions, following PRISMA guidelines. Ninety-nine documents from Scopus and Web of Science were analyzed, revealing a quadratic growth, with 2023 as the year of greatest research activity. Prominent contributors such as Von Solms, Safa, and Furnell stand out, along with the journal Computers & Security and the significant influence of the United States in this field. The potential is identified in the following areas: information security culture, media, information security regulations, higher education institutions, information security management, and cybersecurity. The study also identifies gaps and proposes a research agenda to address these gaps.
Internacionalización integral, aprendizaje en servicio y desarrollo de la ciudadanía global: lecciones aprendidas en la Universidad del Ibagué
Authors: Contreras Barragán Lina María
Published: February 2025

Este capítulo se divide en tres partes. La primera enfatiza en la importancia de desarrollar competencias de ciudadanía global en el contexto actual de globalización e interconexión, y en la necesidad de contar con profesionales capaces de enfrentar los desafíos actuales que contribuyan al bien común y al desarrollo sostenible. La segunda parte destaca la importancia de construir agendas de desarrollo que conecten las apuestas internacionales con las acciones desplegadas por parte de la misión universitaria de extensión en las IES, resaltando cómo lo local y lo global se encuentran entrelazados y cómo los conceptos de responsabilidad social y bien común son tan globales como locales en su alcance1 (Jones et al., 2022). Finalmente, la tercera parte aborda el caso de la Universidad de Ibagué y su trabajo cercano con el territorio a través del programa “Paz y Región”. Este ejemplo se presenta como un caso de éxito que busca ser fuente de inspiración para otras IES que
asuman la internacionalización como una herramienta estratégica útil para abordar las problemáticas locales y promover el desarrollo sostenible de sus regiones.
International Alliances for Internationalization and Interculturality: Encompassing Knowledge and Culture beyond Global Boundaries
Authors: Nair Preeti
Published: February 2025

Internationalisation is a key parameter to achieving quality education, which strongly resonates with the United Nations Sustainable Development Goals 2030. It is advantageous to have international mobility by transferring students from home institutions to host institutions; nevertheless, it is far more essential to have transformation also in the stakeholders due to this mobility. Transformations should happen at the level of the university/institute, incoming students, home institution students, and faculty members, which can enable the institution to achieve quality education through internationalisation.
A strong feedback mechanism for incoming students can help the institute focus on developmental areas and strengthen existing potential areas. Transformation among host country students can happen by attaining knowledge through new pedagogical practices and embracing differences, especially with respect to culture. Home country students can gain by imbibing the newer perspective of the same environment by interacting with incoming students and having research collaborations. There should be a significant impact on faculty members who
have an opportunity to increase their competency level by preparing and engaging with a multicultural and multifaceted classroom through an enhanced curriculum.
Strategic creation and implementation of international mobility programs aimed at knowledge exchange and cultural insights can be the spearhead to target quality enhancement and sustenance in higher education across boundaries. This chapter focuses on some sample programs that can become the best output for international Mobilities and help enhance their program quality.
Internacionalización del currículo en la formación de psicólogos Aportes desde la experiencia del Programa de Psicología de la Universidad del Rosario
Authors: Ortiz Muñoz Jenny Amanda , Ocampo-Palacio Juan Gabriel , Gutiérrez Peláez Miguel
Published: February 2025

En este capítulo se presenta un recorrido por los aspectos más importantes que hacen del Programa de Psicología de la Universidad del Rosario un programa líder en materia de internacionalización. En primer lugar, se exponen los antecedentes y el marco formal de la internacionalización a través de la doble titulación con la que cuenta
el programa desde sus inicios hasta la actualidad. Posteriormente, se describen las experiencias de aprendizaje colaborativo internacional en línea (Collaborative Online International Learning, coil) que se desarrollaron en el Programa de Psicología desde el año 2018 hasta el año 2022. Como cierre del capítulo se enuncian algunas de las percepciones y los testimonios de egresados y egresadas y actores clave del programa sobre su vivencia de internacionalización.
Orthorexia in a population of Polish university students: prevalence as well as demographic and psychological risk factors
Authors: Banaszkiewicz Paulina
Published: February 2025

Introduction: The number of publications on orthorexia is steadily increasing, however little is still known about the psychological risk factors. The purpose of this study was to determine the prevalence of the risk of orthorexia in a population of students doing various university courses, and to estimate psychological risk factors for orthorexia in this group. The relationships between the risk of orthorexia and demographic factors were also analyzed.
Material and methods: The study was conducted on a group of 447 respondents (350 women, 97 men) aged 17-50 years (mean 22.34). The Polish version of the ORTO-15 scale with a threshold of 35 points was used to estimate the risk of orthorexia.
Results: The risk of orthorexia was identified in 22.6% of the total study group. Gender, the course of study, being in a relationship and body mass index were unrelated to the risk of orthorexia. However, such risk was higher in those from singleparent families and those who exercise more often. The risk of orthorexia was increased by attachment anxiety and overall risk of eating disorders, and decreased by the preference for a physically active lifestyle. Emotional intelligence and perceived social support were unrelated.
Conclusions: The risk of orthorexia is common in the population of Polish students, and is increased by a general tendency for eating disorders, insecurity in close relationships, and being raised in a single-parent family. Those at higher risk of orthorexia engage in physical activity more frequently, although they may derive less pleasure from it.
A Scoping Review of Artificial Intelligence Integration into Accounting
Authors: Wale-Fadairo Taiwo Grace , Ige Olugbenga Adedayo
Published: February 2025

This scoping review comprehensively explores how artificial intelligence (AI) is being incorporated into accounting education, examining the evolving educational setting and its potentially transformative impact on the development of future accounting professionals. Following the Arksey and O'Malley (2005) methodology and PRISMA-ScR guidelines (Tricco et al., 2018), this review synthesizes systematically a diverse set of academic literature to determine major trends, new opportunities, and long-standing challenges of integrating AI into accounting pedagogical practices. Key findings demonstrate AI's transformative potential in enhancing student engagement, fostering deeper learning, aligning educational curricula with contemporary industry demands, and improving teaching efficiency through innovative tools and techniques. However, substantial challenges persist, including faculty preparedness, the complexity of curriculum redesign, resistance to change, and critical ethical considerations surrounding the use of AI in education. These findings emphasize the multifaceted nature of integrating AI into accounting pedagogy. The review emphasizes the need for cooperation between academia, industry practitioners, and policymakers to develop adaptive, forward-thinking pedagogical strategies and establish robust ethical frameworks. These efforts are essential to improve learners with the skills and competencies required to thrive in a dynamic, technology-driven professional environment.
Generation of large energy 355 nm ultraviolet light based on a pulse-pumped Nd:YVO4 amplifier with aperture-like structure
Authors: Zhang Yanlin , Yang Jie , Cao Xuechen , Jin Pixian , Lu Huadong
Published: February 2025

A large energy pulsed 355 nm ultraviolet (UV) light with a pulse repetition rate (PRR) of 10 kHz is presented in this paper, which is implemented by employing a two-stage Nd: YVO4 master oscillation power amplifier (MOPA) with the aperture-like structure. By optimizing the mode-matching between the seed and pump laser of the amplifiers, an aperture-like structure can be skillfully constructed for the laser crystal. In this case, the amplified spontaneous emission (ASE) can be effectively filtered out, and its influence on the amplified fundamental-wave laser pulse can be eliminated. On this basis, a 355 nm UV light with an average power and energy of up to 40 W and 4 mJ is obtained through third harmonic generation. The achieved pulse width is 7.8 ns. To the best of our knowledge, it is the maximum output power of 10 kHz 355 nm UV light with high beam quality and narrow pulse width realized via Nd: YVO4 crystals. We think that the presented method is conducive to attaining a large energy UV light with high spectral purity.
High-precision absolute distance measurement by cascaded synthetic wavelength interferometry using a single electro-optic frequency comb
Authors: Li Runmin , Tian Haochen , Liu Yang , Dong Dengfeng , Sterczewski Lukasz A. , Zhou Weihu
Published: February 2025

We demonstrate high-precision absolute distance measurement through cascaded synthetic wavelength interferometry (SWI) based on a single GHz-rate electro-optic frequency comb (EO comb). For this purpose, 3 of its discrete comb modes are selectively filtered by cascaded dense wavelength division multiplexers to serve as phase-linked continuous-wave (CW) lasers with relative frequency stability inherited from the microwave frequency reference. We vary the frequencies of these comb modes to generate a series of synthetic wavelengths by periodically switching the EO comb repetition rate. This allows us to obtain a maximum non-ambiguity range (NAR) of ∼3.74 m accompanied by the instrument’s ± 4 µm precision validated by a commercial HeNe interferometer. In addition to static targets, a velocity measurement with < ±15 µm/s residual compared to the HeNe interferometer is also shown. Our simple and robust technique for high-precision absolute distance and velocity measurement is well-suited for many industry-relevant problems requiring the combination of micrometer precision with a meter-scale NAR.
How general are Marr’s levels of explanation? An active inference perspective
Authors: Jurjako Marko
Published: February 2025

In his seminal book, Philosophy of Psychology: A Contemporary Introduction, José Bermúdez argues that David Marr’s levels of explanation cannot be used as a general framework for thinking about the levels of explanation in cognitive sciences. More specifically, he argues that Marr’s levels of explanation paradigmatically apply to subpersonal modular cognitive processes, while the mind as a whole is also characterized by non-modular cognitive systems. In this paper, I evaluate Bermúdez’s arguments for this conclusion. Part of the evaluation will be based on recent advancements in the active inference framework, suggesting that even non-modular personal processes can be analyzed within the Marrian paradigm. Moreover, I provide some reasons for thinking that Marr’s levels of explanation could also be employed to illuminate the relationship between personal and subpersonal explanations.
Exploring how queer teachers of English for speakers of other languages (ESOL) negotiate sexuality in the classroom
Authors: Lickens Joe
Published: February 2025

This article presents a small-scale qualitative research project that explores how four queer teachers of English for speakers of other languages negotiate sexuality in the classroom and considers how it shapes their understanding of themselves, their students and their teaching practice. The project employs the conceptual tools of queer theory and a poststructuralist approach to policy studies as a means to illuminate some of the discourses employed by these teachers. Using semi-structured interviews to generate data and a thematic analysis, the article discusses how the teachers conceive of ‘outness’ as being desirable but threatening to classroom dynamics. It also explores some of the assumptions behind this, suggesting that, through parallel constructions of the English for speakers of other languages student as homophobic, and of the UK as tolerant, a discourse of homonationalism emerges.
Aggressive multiple sclerosis in the Republic of Bashkortostan
Authors: Bakhtiyarova K. Z. , Kuzmina U. Sh. , Lyutov O. V. , Talipova I. D. , Akhmetgaleeva N. F. , Galiullin T. R. , Kutlubaev M. A.
Published: February 2025

Treatment of patients with aggressive multiple sclerosis (MS) characterized by severe progression of disability within a short period of time is a complex task as there are no uniform criteria for determining such disease progression type and, accordingly, no optimal strategies for prescribing medication. Standardised criteria are also needed to assess prevalence in the general patient population and to plan medical and social care.

Objective: to analyse clinical and demographic characteristics of patients with aggressive MS in the Republic of Bashkortostan (RB).

Material and methods. The study included 2670 patients registered in the Multiple Sclerosis Centre of the Republic of Bashkortostan. To determine the types of MS progression, criteria of the 2022 clinical guidelines for MS were used. When analysing the data on disability, the data from the control group, which consisted of MS patients without limitations in working capacity and disability, were also used.

Results. Rapidly progressive MS (RPMS) and highly active MS (HAMS) were diagnosed in 8.9% of the total number of patients. Women predominated in both groups. In the group of patients with aggressive MS, the progression rate was significantly higher than in the HAMS group. Six percent of patients included in the registry became disabled (group II or I) within 5 years of the disease, and 10% within 10 years. These groups are characterized by a high rate of disease progression.

Conclusion. In the RB, RPMS and HAMS were diagnosed in 8.9% of patients, with a predominance of women.