bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Industrial Experiments of Using Limestone Instead of Lime for Slagging during LD-Steelmaking Process
Authors: Li Hong , Guo Luo Fang , Li Yong Qing , Song Wen Chen , Feng Jia , Liang Mei , Dong Da Xi , Wang Gong Liang , Zhang Hong Wei , Li Sheng Li , Zhang Tong Fa
Published: May 2011

Some industrial trials of utilizing limestone as a new kind of slag-making agent instead of lime for slagging during LD-steelmaking process are discussed and analyzed in the present work. The results indicate that with oxygen blowing time being unchanged, slag forming rate increased significantly and final steel compositions and temperature reached the required standard during the steelmaking process with limestone used, compared with the process by using lime. The preliminary success achieved from industrial tests gave strong evidence that the idea of using limestone instead of lime for slagging is feasible and this new steelmaking method with limestone used, which saves energy and reduces CO2 emissions, can be successfully applied into industrial production. Thus, the application of this new method can not only sharply reduce energy consumption and emission of dust and CO2, but also bring significant environmental and economic benefits.
Turbidity Measurements Study the Poly(N-isopropylacrylamide) Shading Agent Systems Containing Hydrophilic Vinyl Compounds Additives
Authors: Liu Yan Zhi , Li Yi Jing , Zhao Su Rui , Yuan Kun , Zuo Guo Fang , Zhu Yuan Cheng
Published: May 2011

The temperature sensitive behavior and the phase behavior of linear poly(N-isopropylacrylamide) (PNIPA) in water-additive systems were investigated via turbidity measurements.. Three kinds of additives, including acrylic acid (AA), acryl amide (AM) andN-vinyl-2-pyrrolidone (VP), were selected. AM and VP systems only exhibited a different lower critical solution temperatures (LCST) behavior with different additive concentrations, and in low concentration of AM or VP, LCST decreases with additive concentration increasing, but in higher concentration, LCST decreases with additive concentration increasing. However, it was first detected the coexistence of a LCST with an upper critical solution temperature (UCST) in AA system. The systems studied here are alternative functional molecular material for the shading agent in some special conditions.
On the Stability of Unsaturated Loess Slope under Tunneling Condition
Authors: Li Xi An , Li Rong Jian , Che Gao Feng , Zheng Wen , Li Liang
Published: May 2011

As a unique mode of soil erosion, loess cavities often act as the critical factor to the stability of the highway slopes of unsaturated loess. In this paper, the unsaturated loess slope stabilities are comparatively studied in different cases through the developed program of the strength reduction FEM, such as loess cavities in different position, single- & twin cavities, occurrence and loss of matric suction etc. The work done in this paper revealed the mechanism how the tunneling and the matric suction have effect on the stability of unsaturated loess slope to some extent. The results not only indicate that the loess cavities favor to maintain the stability of slope with the cavities located near the slope's crest, while the loess cavities reduce the stability of slope with the cavities located near the slope's toe, but also disclose that the safety factor of the unsaturated loess slope increases and the potential sliding surface move downward with considering the matric suction and vice versa. In addition, the twin cavities near the slope's toe have the obvious negative effects on slope's stability.
Solid-Liquid Equilibria for the Quaternary Na2B4O7 - Na2so4 - K2B4O7 - K2so4 - H2O System at 323K
Authors: Sang Shi Hua , Zeng Xiao Xiao , Ning Hui Yin , Zhang Zhen Lei
Published: May 2011

Solid - liquid Equilibria for the quaternary system Na2B4O7 - Na2SO4 - K2B4O7 - K2SO4 - H2O at 323K were studied experimentally using the method of isothermal solution saturation. Solubilities and densities of the solution of the system were measured experimentally. On the basis of experimental data, the phase diagram of the quaternary system was constructed. In the equilibrium diagrams of the quaternary system Na2B4O7 - Na2SO4 - K2B4O7 - K2SO4 - H2O at 323 K, there are three invariant points F1, F2 and F3, seven univariant curves E1-F1, E2-F1, E4-F3, E5-F3, E3-F2, F1-F2 and F2-F3, and five fields of crystallization corresponding to Na2B4O7·10H2O，K2B4O7·4H2O，Na2SO4，K2SO4and Na2SO4·3K2SO4. The experimental results show that sulfates have bigger solubilities than borates in the quaternary system Na2B4O7 - Na2SO4 - K2B4O7 - K2SO4 - H2O at 323K.
Simulation and Productive Practice of 60 Tons Huge Rectangular Ingot by Wind Cooling
Authors: Ai Xin Gang , Li Sheng Li , Zhang Dong Wei , Lv Nan , Tao Jun
Published: May 2011

Huge rectangular ingots becomes crying needs in the condition of lots of heavy plate mills more than 5m have been in operation. In this paper, a special method of wind cooling outside mould has been presented and applied to produce 60t rectangular ingot. Mathematical simulation results tell us that by wind cooling, the solidification time of the 60t ingot can be shortened by 67 minutes, internal soundness can be ensured. The wind cooling process can obviously improve microstructure and preventing skull patch by increasing the thickness of solidified shell. A 60 tons huge rectangular ingot is successfully produced by wind cooling, the surface quality of is very well and the internal soundness should be improved further.
Nanostructural Zinc Oxide Hollow Spheres Catalyzed Synthesis of 3, 4-Dihydropyrimidin-2(1H)-Ones under Solvent-Free Conditions
Authors: Luo Zhi Chen
Published: May 2011

A simple synthesis of 3,4-dihydropyrimidinones from the aldehyde, 1,3-dicarbonyl compound, and urea (thiourea) using nanostructural zinc oxide hollow spheres as the catalyst under solvent-free conditions is described. Compared with traditional Biginelli reactions, this method has advantages of excellent yields and short reaction time.
Facile Synthesis of Monodisperse KY3F10 Nanospheres
Authors: Zhu Ling , Cao Xue Qiang , Yang Dao Wu
Published: May 2011

Highly uniform and monodisperse KY3F10 nanospheres, with an average diameter of 300 nm, have successfully prepared through a simple solution method employing the reaction of Ln(NO3)3 and KBF4 under ambient conditions, without any template or surfactant. X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), and photoluminescence (PL) spectra were used to characterize the samples. The SEM images illustrate that these spheres were actually composed of randomly aggregated nanoparticles.
Study on Orthogonal Experiment of Electrochemical Formation of Zinc Selenide from Acidic Aqueous Solutions
Authors: Zhang C.G. , Shi Zheng Fang , Miao J.
Published: May 2011

There were carried on experiment in zinc sulfate and selenite sodium electrolyte solution. To further studying the influence of the ZnSe films ingredient and the appearance influence of electrochemical formation ZnSe thin films, the deposition parameters, which are the pH, Zn2+/SeO32- molar ratio, complexing agent sodium citrate, bath temperature and current density, are studied by the orthogonal experiment, the influence on Zn of the parameters from strong to weak are attained.
Study of Back Electromotive Force in the Preparation of Al-Ca Alloy by Molten Salt Electrolysis Method
Authors: Wang Yi Yong , Jin Hui , Wu Fa Yu , Li Ji Dong , Wang Zhi Ying
Published: May 2011

Al-Ca master alloy was prepared by molten salt electrolysis method, using a mixed molten salt system of CaCl2-CaF2and feeding CaO as electrolysis material. The technological parameters such as back electromotive force (BEMF), cell voltage, and current were measured by testing device of molten salt electrolysis. The effects of current density, CaO addition, electrolysis time and feeding period on the back electromotive force in the electrolysis process are studied. The results indicate that back electromotive force increases with current density increasing, the feeding period is 30min measured by potential control method. Finally, the Al-Ca alloy with the Ca content of 11.6wt% can be obtained by electrolyzing for 1h at the current of 7A and at 740.
Preparation, Characterization and Properties of CaZn2(PO4)2-BaB2O4 Hybrid Nanopowders as Ecological Anticorrosive Pigment
Authors: Ding Shi Wen , Cai Qiao Fen , Li Lan Fen
Published: May 2011

CaZn2(PO4)2and β-BaB2O4nanopowders were firstly synthesized by an ultrasonic-aid chemical precipitation method. Then BaB2O4was mixed with CaZn2(PO4)2to prepare CaZn2(PO4)2-BaB2O4nanopowder ecological anticorrosive pigment. The TG-DTA, XRD and TEM measurements were used to characterize the structure and morphology of products. The activation of pigment has been improved by two ways: one is the synthesis of well-dispersed nanometer-sized powder with narrow distribution; the other way is to mix the two kinds of pigment together to generate a hybrid ecological pigment. Finally, the anticorrosive experiments of the product were investigated in aqueous alkyd paints. The result of anticorrosive performance indicates that the as-obtained hybrid pigments exhibit more excellent properties than commercial zinc phosphate and ZPA from Germany.
Mechanical Properties and Creep Behavior of Carbon Fiber Nano-Composites
Authors: Li Yi Luen , Chen Wei Jen , Shen Ming Yuan , Chiang Chin Lung , Yip Ming Chuen
Published: May 2011

Recently, it has been observed that surface modification of carbon nanotubes（CNTs）influences on CNT’s distribution among epoxy resin and affects the mechanical properties and electrical conductivities of CNTs. Owing to above-mentioned effects, carbon nanotubes treated with oxidizing in organic acids, a kind of surface modification, generates functional groups on the surface of CNTs taht is a major investigation in this study to enhance mechanical properties and electrical conductivities of CNTs. The influence of the different proportion contents of CNTs added into epoxy resin on mechanical properties and electrical conductivities of composites was investigated, and strength of material tested under different temperature environments was observed. Moreover, the creep behavior of carbon fiber（CF）/epoxy resin thermosetting composites tested under different temperature and stress were also concerned to be analyzed. The resulting creep behavior consists of only two stages, including primary creep and steady-state creep. The effects of creep stress, creep time, different humidity treatment on the various temperature creep of composites containing different proportion contents of CNTs were investigated. It is believed that the increased creep strains can be attributed to higher applied stresses, longer creep times, higher humidity, higher temperature and lower hardnesses. The test results also exhibit that mechanical strength and electrical conductivity increase with the increase of CNTs content added into composites. In the influence of temperature effect on specimen, because of different coefficient of expansion among matrix, fiber and CNTs, the overexpansion of matrix caused by high temperature results in crack occurred among matrix. From observation of the fracture surface by SEM image, the debonding occurs and longitudinal fibers are pulled out due to poor interfacial bonding of fiber and matrix, which also results in entire strength degeneration.
Hydrogen Content and Microvoid Hydrogen Pressure in Steel Wall of Spherical High Pressure Vessel
Authors: Liu Yuan Dong , Yin Yi Hui , Tan Yun
Published: May 2011

Hydrogen in the steel wall can cause hydrogen embrittlement of the wall material and thereby change the carrying capacity of the vessel. A theoretical model of hydrogen diffusion in the steel wall of a high pressure vessel was established and the formula of hydrogen content in the steel wall was deduced. Based on the hydrogen content formula, the formula of hydrogen pressure within microvoids which naturally exist in the steel wall of a spherical pressure vessel was deduced. At last, as an example to demonstrate the meaning of solving hydrogen pressure in microvoids, by using a representative volume element (RVE) model to carry out FE numerical simulation, the effects of hydrogen pressure on equivalent mechanical properties of the wall material were studied. It is found that the higher the gas pressures are, the lower the ultimate strength, specific elongation and percentage contraction of area are, which is in good accordance with the phenomena of metal hydrogen embrittlement.
Effects of Acidity on Nitrogen-Heterocyclic Compounds with Rare Earth Coordination and the Structure of Protonated Phenanthroline
Authors: Li Huan Huan , Chu Hai Bin , Chen Ying Nan , Fu Xiao Tao , Sun Hui Juan , Li Yuan , Zhao Yong Liang
Published: May 2011

2,3-bis(2-pyridyl)-5,6-dihydropyrazine and a protonated phenanthroline (Phen) have been synthesized and the structure of protonated Phen is established by X-ray diffraction single crystal structure analysis. The coordination reactions of Phen, 2,2'- bipyridine and 2,3-bis(2-pyridyl)-5,6-dihydropyrazine with rare earth ions in low pH have been studied. The results show that 2,3-bis(2-pyridyl)-5,6-dihydropyrazine is hydrolyzed to be 2,2’-pyridil and protonated ethylenediamine. Meanwhile, Phen combines with proton, which results that nitrogen atoms can not coordinate with rare earth ions. The molecular formula of protonated Phen is C12H8N2HCl·H2O. It crystallizes in the triclinic space group P -1 (2), with a = 7.1212(14) Å, b = 7.2786(15) Å, c = 20.817(4) Å, α = 90.00º, β = 96.69(3) º, γ = 90.00 º, V = 1071.65(379) Å3, Z = 4.
Study on the Influences of Domain Structure of Hydrophilic Polyurethane with Partially Crystalline on its Moisture Permeability
Authors: Quan Heng , Gu Zhen Ya
Published: May 2011

Multiphase, segmented polyurethanes with mixed soft segment phase were prepared from 4,4’- diphenylmethane diisocyanate (Pure MDI), polybutylene adipate (glycol) 2000 (PBA2000) and polyethylene glycol 1000 (PEG1000) with 1,4-butanediol (BDO) as the chain extender. Further more, the relationships between domain separation structure, crystallizability of soft segment and moisture permeability, hydrophilic property, phase inversion temperature (PIT) of the polyurethanes were investigated. The studies show that the chemical structure, concentration of hydrophilic soft monomers and the microphase separation degree of the mixed soft segments from hard segment domain have remarkable effects on the application properties of polyurethane.
The Strength and Sealing Analysis of High Pressure Ball Valve for Natural Gas
Authors: Han Chuan Jun , Li Da Bin , Liu Yang
Published: May 2011

Ball valve with large-diameter, high-pressure, corrosion-resistant and high-reliability has been used for West-East Pipeline. In order to improve the product reliability and safety, reduce the product consumption and costs, and shorten the product design cycles, finite element analysis(FEA) has been used to simulate the strength and sealing analysis process which can’t be proceed on site or in the real environment. The results illustrate the stress and loading distributions as well as pre-identify the potential problems, which show that the strength and sealing of the valve in three different conditions is very safe.
Experimental Investigation into the Single-Track of Selective Laser Melting of IN625
Authors: Wang Li , Wei Qing Song , Shi Yu Sheng , Liu Jin Hui , He Wen Ting
Published: May 2011

Selective laser melting(SLM) is driven by the need to fabricate functional metallic parts and tools with near shape and density. The method of process to fabricate a metal part will save materials, time and energy compared to the traditional manufacturing methods. Unlike the selective laser sintering (SLS), the metal powder particles are molten by the laser beam during the process of selective laser melting. In this paper, IN625 powders were adopted to investigate the characters of single molten track. The factors that affect the surface quality and relative density are the process parameters such as the laser energy, scan speed and so on. They were studied to find out the correlation between the parameters and formation of single-track. It has been found that Optimal ratio between laser power and scanning speed (P/v) is 1-1.5 for IN625 SLM. P/v is the linear energy density. It also has been found that the width and height of single-track can be calculated when the linear energy density is given. In this study the laser power, scan spacing and the hatch spacing which affect the surface quality and the relative density of the metallic parts were optimized.
Effects of Frozen at Different Time Postmortem and Thawed at Different Thawing Rate on the Production Rate of Chinese Sausage
Authors: Yu Xiao Ling , Zhou Guang Hong , Li Xue Bin , Ma Han Jun , Wang Yi Juan
Published: May 2011

Uniform design was adopted, and two factors, i.e., frozen at different time postmortem with six levels, thawing at different thawing rate with three levels, were considered. Water holding capacity under pressure (WHC), thawing loss (TL) and production rate (PR) were measured to study the different effects of the two factors considered. The results showed: All the two factors considered had significant effects on WHC, TL and PR, and the effects of the two factors on them were nonlinear, there were interactions between the two factors considered. The optimization calculation showed that the later the frozen time postmortem and the smaller the thawing rate was, the higher the production rate of Chinese sausage was.
Velocity Distribution for the Flow of the Second-order Fluid with Variable Coefficients in Concentric Annulus with Isometric Ring Slots on the Inner Cylinder
Authors: Cui Hai Qing , He Jun , Song Xing Liang
Published: May 2011

The governing equations of flow of the second-order fluid with variable coefficients through concentric annuli with isometric ring slots on the inner cylinder under the cylindrical coordinate system were established. The governing equations were numerically solved by the finite difference method, the influence of slot width, slot depth, slot interval and slot number on velocity distribution is analyzed. The results show that slot width and slot depth is related with radial velocity, axial velocity and resultant velocity, slot interval is related with radial velocity, which is little related with axial velocity and resultant velocity, slot number is little related with radial velocity, axial velocity and resultant velocity.
Modeling of the Photo Decomposition of Formaldehyde Using Bamboo Charcoal Loaded Ce -TiO2 as Photocatalyst
Authors: Yang Dao Wu , Ren Zhuo , Liu Hui , Tong Hai Xia
Published: May 2011

The photo decomposition of formaldehyde (HCHO) in an air stream in a bamboo charcoal loaded Ce-doped TiO2 coated photo-reactor was systematically investigated and demonstrated to be effective at relatively short retention times. The TiO2 loading and the photo-reactor’s structure’s influences on the efficiency of photochemical catalysis degradation of formaldehyde was reviewed. The TiO2 / bamboo charcoal adsorption of formaldehyde, as well as the influences of a certain amount of formaldehyde after adsorption on its photochemical catalysis effect were discussed. The sol-gel preparation method was used to prepare TiO2. Compare a series of experiment data, we get: after supported by TiO2, the surface of bamboo Charcoal still has strong catalysis degradation ability. After adsorbing formaldehyde, the photochemical catalysis degradation efficiency of formaldehyde of the catalyst at steady state is generally the same with pure catalyst. When the thickness of the catalyst layer of the multi-ladder-type structure photo-reactor is 2mm, the interval is 20mm, the best absorption efficiency of formaldehyde of TiO2 / bamboo charcoal is reached. TiO2 without doped Ce has no degradation of formaldehyde after 2 hours, but the degradation rate of formaldehyde of the Ce-doped TiO2 still is 15% 2 hours later, and the formaldehyde decontamination of the equipment reached 94%.
Chloromethylation Research of LX-1180 Macroporous Adsorption Resin in Ultrasonic Environment
Authors: Chen Zhen Bin , Kang Lei , Di Duo Long , Dong Fang , Yu Hui
Published: May 2011

This work performed the chloromethylation study of LX1180 in an ultrasonic environment, and presented a novel method to realize high chloromethylation degree for high crosslinking MARs. During this process, Monochloromethyl ether and anhydrous zinc chloride was adopted as chloromethylation reagent and catalyst respectively, the influences of conditions on the chloromethylation degree were investigated and optimized systemically. The sample prepared under the optimization conditions possessed the chloromethylation degree of 2.87 mmol/g.
Molecular Dynamics Simulation of K+/NH4+ Ion-Exchange Processes in Clinoptilolite
Authors: Yuan Jun Sheng , Chen Jing , Ye Hai Bin , Li Shen Yu
Published: May 2011

The diffusion trajectory of NH4+, the configuration of NH4+and water molecularin hydrated clinoptilolite and K+-NH4+ion exchange process in the channel of clinoptilolite were simulated using the Materials Studio 4.3 software package’s CASTEP module. The results show that among these four hydrogen atoms in NH4+, only one is involved in the effective hydrogen bond with the oxygen atom in the framework. It was also proved that changing the distribution of the Al-site has no influence on the distribution of the extra-framework of NH4+. The interaction between particles in the channel and the zeolite framework causes the K+-NH4+ion-exchange process to take place, which means that clinoptilolite possesses better selectivity to K+than to NH4+. The structure parameters of the final product agree well with the reference, which indicate the formation of K-clinoptilolite.
Effects of Calcination Temperature on Crystal Structure of Pr-Nd Oxides
Authors: Li Hui Qing , Zhang Rui Xiang , Liu Hai Wang , Wang Shi Zhi , Hao Xian Ku
Published: May 2011

Ammonium hydrogen carbonate is taken as the precipitating agent to prepare Pr-Nd carbonates from the raw material of Pr-Nd chloride solution. Pr-Nd oxides have been prepared at different calcination temperature in the range of 800°C-1500°C. The oxides were characterized by XRD and XPS.Calcination temperature effects on the structure of Pr-Nd oxides and the valence state of Pr in Pr-Nd oxides have been studied; Results showed that praseodymium oxide full entered into the lattices of neodymium oxide. The crystal structure changed from cubic into hexagonal system with increasing calcination temperature.The valence of Pr in Pr-Nd binary oxides are Pr3+ and Pr4+.
Preparation, Characterization and Application of Siloxane Succinate Fatliquor
Authors: Qiang Tao Tao , Luo Xiang , Ren Long Fang , Wang Xue Chuan , He Bao Yuan
Published: May 2011

The silicone succinate surfactant (PMPS) was synthesized by ring-opening reaction using polyether alcohol amine modified polysilosane (PAPS) with maleic anhydride (MA) as the raw materials, and p-toluenesulfonic acid (PTSA) was used as the catalyst. Sulfated castor oil and sulfated rapeseed oil were combinated with PMPS to prepare a new leather fatliqour (PMPSF) composed mainly of PMPS. The molecular structure of PMPS was characterized by FTIR spectra; the thermal properties of PMPS was characterized and analyzed by TGA. PMPSF was used in sheepskin wet blue leather and compared with oxidative sulfited vegetable oils (L-3) and RF-1 fatliquor; the waterproof and mechanical properties of the leather were measured. The results show that the thermal decomposition temperature of PMPS is 192.8°C. Fatliquor PMPSF provids a good level-dyeing property, the leather oiled by it has good flexibility and fullness, the waterproofness and mechanical properties of leather are also good. Moreover, compared with the leather fatliquored by L-3, the thickening rate of leather oiled by PMPSF reaches 13.7%.
Gas Bubble Distribution in Liquid Slug of Horizontal Air-Water Flow
Authors: Wang Xin , Wang Tong Ji , He Li Min
Published: May 2011

The slug flow regime may be appeared in subsea gas-liquid pipeline of the offshore petroleum industry. The gas entrainment process and the gas bubble distribution in liquid slug are crucial for the model of slug flow. An experimental facility was constructed and the gas bubble distributions in the liquid slug were measured by the dual-tip conductivity probe. It is found that the entrained gas is broken up into small bubbles by the high turbulent shear stress in the turbulent shear layer in the mixing zone. The small bubbles are dispersed completely and the profiles of void fraction and bubble frequency have peaks in this layer. The mechanism of gas entrainment is also presented.
Inhibition of Proliferation and Induction of Apoptosis of HT-29 Colorectal Adenocarcinoma Cells in Vitro by Anthocyanins from Lonicera Edulis
Authors: Bao Yi Hong , Li Wen Xing , Wang Zhen Yu
Published: May 2011

Anthocyanins was known for their antioxidant and pharmacological properties used by humans for therapeutic purposes. Here, we study the inhibitory effects of anthocyanins fromLonicera edulison the proliferation of HT-29 colorectal adenocarcinoma cells and its possible mechanism in vivo by MTT. The different percentages of apoptotic cells present in flow cytometry analysis. The effect on HT29 cells was enhanced with increasing amount of anthocyanins. Typical morphological features of apoptosis were observed by transmission electron microscope. The mechanism of anthocyanins from Lonicera edulis on HT29 cell growth inhibition may be related to the induction of apoptosis.
Thermodynamic Analyses of Solid-Plug Conveying Phase on Centrifugal Extruder
Authors: Zhao Jing , Lv Xiao Ren , Wang Shi Jie
Published: May 2011

In this paper, a new polymer process machine--- centrifugal extruder is introduced. The performance of centrifugal extruder has been studied by theoretical analysis and experiments. By the thermodynamic analyses, the mathematic model is founded including the radiation transfer and convection transfer. And the function described the temperature on the surface of the rotor is gotten. So, it is known that the rotation speed is the main influencing factor on the temperature of the surface. According to the experiments, it is known that the design of the experiment equipment can provide enough thermal energy for produce and the mathematic result is fit the experiments’ very well.
Erosion Wear Behaviors of Low Chromium Cast Iron Containing Nickel
Authors: Xie Jing Pei , Wang Ai Qin , Wang Wen Yan , Li Ji Wen , Li Luo Li
Published: May 2011

The erosion wear experiments of low-chromium cast iron containing nickel were done by MCF-30 Erosion Abrasion Experimental Machine. The structure and surface morphology after erosive wear were analyzed by SEM and XRD. The results indicated that the distribution of carbide was reticular after tempering at 250and oil quenching at 960. The maximal erosion wear rate was appeared at 60 °erosion angle, high acid corrosion media have great influence on the abrasion resistance of experimental material and corrosion effects almost had no influence on the abrasion resistance of experimental material in the weak acid environment of pH≥3. The erosive wear mechanism of the experimental material was studied.
The Performance of Melamine – Urea – Formaldehyde Resin with Palm Kernel as Filler
Authors: Bono Awang , Maizura Nur , S.M. Anisuzzaman , Salah Sariah , Chiw Hong Keat
Published: May 2011

Palm kernel meal (PKM) which is the by-products of palm oil industry consists of considerable amount of protein that showed its great potential to to be used as a filler of melamine-urea-formaldehyde (MUF) resin based wood adhesive. Besides, due to the high price of melamine, it is attempted to reduce the content of melamine in MUF resins to as low as possible. So, in this study, PKM was used as filler in MUF resin based wood adhesive to study its effects toward the performance of the adhesive. In practical, the shear strength performance tests are done by using automated bonding evaluation system (ABES). However, ABES is a destructive test that only produces one point of data per test. So, in order to make the evaluation of the prediction data more convenience, a response surface methodology D-optimal method was approached. From the results, it has shown that increasing in temperature and pressing time is not always true in obtaining higher shear strength performance for MUF resin with PKM as filler. Smaller the particle size of PKM filler in MUF resin, shorter time the high shear strength performance can be achieved. Also, the relationships of temperature, pressing time and particle size of PKM to obtain optimum and maximum shear strength were studied.
The Application of Rare-Earth Element
Authors: Wu Yu Cai , Yan Ming
Published: May 2011

In this paper, the process of Cu-Ag contact wire with adding rare-earth elements was presented. The additive process of the rare-earth elements and the function of the rare earth were chiefly analyzed. Adding the rare-earth elements into melt alloy, the oxide and sulfur can be removed from the liquid, so we can get the purified alloy. At the same time, adding rare-earth can reduce the external crack flaws which produced during the casting and makes the grain refined, as the result, the properties of the Cu-Ag alloy contact wire can be greatly improved and meliorated. Such as the conductivity, the specific elongation, tensile strength and so on, are improved.
The Study of the Mathematical Model between Thermal Conductivity and Graphitization Degree of Different Carbon Materials
Authors: Wang Lian Xing , Zhang Yan Wen , Jin Ming Lin , Zhou Xiao Long , Hu Yang
Published: May 2011

This article chose three different types of carbon materials as objects, through analyzing the various factors influencing the thermal conductivity; we were to raise the basic mathematical model between the thermal conductivity and graphitization degree. At the same time the correct value in some articles was chosen to establish the corresponding mathematical model of three kinds of carbon materials. After inspection by test results, This model’s relative error was within 7%.The model brought up by this paper has the vital significance to predict the thermal conductivity of the carbon materials and guide the deep application research.
Preparation, Characterization and Performance of Polyethersulfone(PES) – Polyaniline(Pani) Blended Membrane
Authors: Razali Nor Faizah Binti , Mohammad Abdul Wahab , Al Fadul Sulaiman
Published: May 2011

Polyaniline nanoparticle was synthesized via the chemical oxidation of aniline with ammonium persulphate in aqueous hydrochloric acid where the polyaniline particle size obtained was in the range of 22-53 nm. Polyaniline is one type of conducting polymers, where this polymer exhibit high electrical conductivity and have a wide range of interesting application due to its light weight, conductivity and chemical properties. Amongst the family of conducting polymers, polyaniline is unique due to ease of synthesis, environmental stability, simple doping/dedoping chemistry and relatively inexpensive cost. Polyaniline has been used to improve hydrophilic property and permeability of substrate membrane. It is used to obtain superhydrophilic surface because of their high surface energy and hydrophilic property. In this research, these nanoparticles have been used to improve hydrophilic property and permeability of polyethersulfone membrane. The blended membrane was characterized using pure water flux, Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM), and contact angle. As a result, polyaniline can distribute stably in polyaniline membrane to produce stable structure and preferable performance.
Low Temperature and Low Phosphorus Electroless Nickel Plating
Authors: Ma Li Guo , Liu He , Li Ju Jun , He Yan Feng
Published: May 2011

Direct electroless nickel plating on n-Si(100) wafers in alkaline solutions was performed without any activation procedure in advance. The effect of pH and temperature on the size of deposited metal particles was examined. Moreover, The phosphorus contents of deposits were also analyzed by the energy disperse spectroscopy. The results indicated that the optimal reaction temperature was 60°C and the optimal pH value was 10.0 with a plating rate of about 3.0 µm/hr and the phosphorus content of about 3.6 wt%.
Study of Discrete and Multi-Tube Pass Number Inorganic Membrane Reactor
Authors: Jiang Yun Bo , Zhang Ke Zheng
Published: May 2011

Discrete and Multi-tube Pass Number Inorganic Membrane Reactor offers supplements to single-tube membrane reactor, referencing heat exchanger can provide larger transmission area and plate column can realize multi-stage separation. It realizes the reaction and separation occurs simultaneously many times, and can change the membrane area according to the need, so that reaction and separation process can be matched better. Discrete and multi-tube membrane reactor and fixed bed reactor was experimented in sec-butyl alcohol dehydrogenation system at 150-225, the result shows the new membrane reactor structure is reasonable.
Effect of Carbon Black Addition on the Rheology Properties of Electrically Conductive PP-Graphite Composite
Authors: Mahyoedin Yovial , Sahari Jaafar , Mukhtar Andanastuti , Mohammad Norhamidi
Published: May 2011

This investigation gives attention on the rheology characteristics of polymer composites based on graphite and carbon black as fillers for further processing using an injection molding machine. In such a high solid loading system, the particles exhibit a very strong tendency toward agglomeration. This rapidly increases the viscosity of the mixture and decreases moldability. The presence of agglomerates in the mixture in particular may result in defect within the microstructure in the final product, even though it is sometime necessary in electrical conductivity. Composite materials in this study are polypropylene (PP) as matrix, and graphite (G) and carbon black (CB) as fillers, with a varied composition according to the percentage weight (% wt) of CB. Twin screw co-rotating extruder was used for mixing materials in order to achieve the best homogeneity of this compound. The measurement results obtained using capillary rheometer equipment showed that the addition of CB to the mixture of PP/G increase the viscosity of the materials, increase the activation energy and generally reduce the fluidity of composite materials. The value of the mixture viscosity increases with increasing the number of CB, reducing the ability of materials to be formed (moldability). Material viscosity, activation energy, fluidity and moldability shows how suitable the compound material to be processed by using injection molding machine.
Photometric Analysis Reagents of Rare Earths and their Application in Metallurgical Analysis
Authors: Tian Song Tao , Yu Xiu Lan , Zhang Li Qing
Published: May 2011

In this paper, photometric analysis reagents of rare earths and their application in metallurgical analysis at home and abroad in the past 10 years was reviewed, pertaining especially to various coloring reagents of rare earths and its conditions of coloring reaction, the maximum absorption wavelength, molar absorptivity coefficient, limit of detaction, as well as interference and application of corresponding methods. The key application in the determination of actual samples was summarized for it is very important to eliminate the effect of interfering ions. The purpose is to provide help to establish new analysis methods of high sensitivity and selectivity in the future. 52 references are cited.
Synthesis the Precursor of LiNi0.5Mn0.5O2 via an Improved Carbonate Co-Precipitation
Authors: Gu Yi Jie , Hu Yong , Liu Hong Quan , Zhou Heng Hui , Guo Zhen , Hu Zu Wang
Published: May 2011

Spherical Ni0.5Mn0.5CO3 is synthesized via carbonate co-precipitation method which uses NH4HCO3 as the precipitator. However, obvious agglomerate of secondary particles occurs when NH4HCO3 is used as the precipitator. The agglomerate particles can result in inferior physical characteristic. An improved carbonate co-precipitation which used NH4HCO3 doped with different proportion of NaOH as a new precipitator is tested in our study. Observed by SEM and Mastersizer, spherical morphology with narrow particle size distribution is synthesized with the proportion of NaOH reaches 10%. The element line analysis by Electron Probe Micro-analyzer shows symmetrical distributions of Ni and Mn elements via the improved carbonate co-precipitation.
Study on Synthesis and Properties of a New Imidazoline Corrosion Inhibitor
Authors: Qiu Hai Yan , Dong Jun
Published: May 2011

A kind of soluble triphenyl-imidazoline quaternary-ammonium-salt was synthesized from benzoic acid, triethylene tetramine, and benzyl chloride. The structure of synthetic product was characterized by IR, and the corrosion inhibition performance was tested by static weight loss method. The corrosion-inhibiting rate of the imidazoline quaternary–ammonium-salt in the concentration of 1.0% was above 99.0%. In this paper, the compounding between the synthetics and I- was studied, and the results showed that the inhibition performance of synthetic inhibitor and its combined system was satisfying.
Solid P-W Keggin Heteropoly Compounds as Effective Catalysts for the Sorption-Decomposition of NOX
Authors: Wang Rui , Ma Tao , Wu Dan , Korchak Vladimir N.
Published: May 2011

Several new heteropoly compounds catalysts with pronounced activities in NOx conversion via adsorption-decomposition process in a fixed-bed reactor were evaluated concerning the principal internal and external factors having marked effects on the process of adsorption. Results showed that substitution of H+ in HPW (H3PW12O40•6H2O) by NH4+ results in marked enhancement of the catalyst activity, however, substitution of coordination atom W in the [PW12O40]3- anion by one or more Mo atoms tends to lower the catalyst activity and such tendency deepens with the increase in the Mo atom numbers introduced. It is for the first time that the nano-effect was observed with nano (NH4)3PW12O40 catalyst, in which a 1.6% to 10.6% enhancement in NOx adsorption efficiency was obtained in comparison with the same catalyst in normal particle size. By IR analysis, NO was found to be adsorbed via interaction with the proton of HPW structure. With the aid of GC-MS analysis, the process effectiveness for NOx decomposition into N2 was confirmed.
The Distorted Oxygen Octahedron with Transition Elements in LiNi0.75Co 0.15Mn0.1O2
Authors: Gu Yi Jie , Chen Yun Bo , Liu Hong Quan , Wang Cui Ling , Huang Xiao Wen , Zhou Heng Hui , Guo Zhen , Hu Yong
Published: May 2011

LiNi0.75Co0.15Mn0.1O2 was prepared by solid state reaction and its crystal structure was studied by Rietveld Refinement. The result shows that the oxygen octahedron surrounding transition elements in LiNi0.75Co0.15Mn0.1O2 is distorted. The lengths of twelve edges of the octahedron are different. The lengths of twelve edges divided into two groups and their length is 2.7098Å and 2.8780Å respectively. The analysis shows that the change crystal fields due to transition metals and lithium ions results in the different length of octahedron edges in LiNi0.75Co0.15Mn0.1O2.
Nanocrystalline Thin Films TiO2 Prepared by Different Concentration of Organic Acid and their Photocatalytic Activity
Authors: Fangern Nitikarn , Sanguanruang Sudjit , Chawengkijwanich Chamorn
Published: May 2011

In this work, TiO2thin films were deposited on borosilicate glass substrates by sol-gel dip coating method and calcined at 500 °C for 15 min(heating rate3°C/min). The TiO2sol was prepared by fixing concentration of titaniumtetraisopropoxide(TTIP), TritonX-100 surfactant, ethanol and conc hydrochloric acid but amounts of acetyl acetone (Acac ) were various as 4, 6 and 8 mole respectively. After calcination process, all the TiO2thin films were homogeneous and transparent. Several techniques , such as X-ray diffraction (XRD), UV-Vis spectroscopy, Environment Scanning Electron Microscope (E-SEM), atomic force microscopy (AFM) and BET surface area analysis were used to characterize the prepared TiO2thin film. Spectra of XRD showed that the crystal structure was anatase phase with the crystal sizes of 9.05 – 12.57 nm. According to BET surface area analysis, the surface area , pore volume and pore size of TiO2were in the range of 66.35-82.53 m2/gm , 0.1194-0.1301 cm3/g and 57-71 A0respectively. The photodegradation of Reactive Blue 19 by the prepared TiO2thin films showed decomposition rate of 97.58% , 95.03 % and 94.48% for the thin films prepared by using 4, 6 and 8 mole AcAc respectively.
Study of Adsorption Behavior of Cd2+ on Aluminum Oxide Nanoparticles
Authors: Liang Xi Zhen , Zhou Tao , Huang Guo Lin , Zhou Yue Ming
Published: May 2011

A new method using aluminum oxide (Al2O3) as solid-phase extraction coupled with atomic absorption spectrum(AAS) was proposed. The adsorption behavior of Al2O3 nanoparticles towards Cd2+ was investigated by AAS, and the adsorption pH, isotherms as well as capacities were obtained. It was found that the adsorption rates of Cd­­­­2+ was more than 98% in pH 8.50~10.00. The adsorption equilibrium data of Cd2+ were well fitted with the Langmuir isothermal equation. The kinetic experimental data correlated well with the pseudo-second-order kinetic model. Adsorption enthalpy of standard (DHq) was 5.23 kJ mol-1, which indicated that adsorption reaction was an endothermal process in the range of being studied temperature. It was sufficient for 1.0mol L–1 HCl to elute Cd2+ on Al2O3 nanoparticles and recovery rate was more than 95%.
Research on Experiment and Technology of Emulsion Liquid Membrane Applied to H Acid Wastewater Treatment
Authors: Zhang Li , Ding Yao
Published: May 2011

In this experiment, we use the removal rate of COD as index to optimize membrane composition and operating parameters formula by 3 stage countercurrent liquid membrane extraction and also study the influence of different water to emulsion Rew on COD removal rate .The experiments showed that Rew and the external phase pH have significant effects on the removal rate of COD and the total removal rate of COD reached 85.3% when Rew=1:1.0 under the condition of 3 stage countercurrent extraction.
Persulfuric Acid Oxidation Mechanism of Acid Red B Wastewater
Authors: Li Lin Bo , Lei Wei , Hong Tao
Published: May 2011

In this paper, azo dye Acid Red B (ARB) simulation of wastewater was treated with persulfuric acid. By conducting the comparative experiments of the catalysts and analyzing their catalytic mechanisms, the promotion effect of catalysts on the reaction was ranked as: AgNO3>Ag2SO4>CoCl2>CoSO4>FeSO4>FeCl2; in addition, optimum reaction conditions were attained: ARB concentration of 200mg/L, the reaction time 1h, temperature 25°C, oxidant dosage 15mL/L and 6.5×10-5mol/L with catalyst of AgNO3, under which the decolorization rate of ARB was up to 100%, and COD removal rate was up to 72%.
Reach the Target of Promoting Energy Saving and Emission Cutting by Clean Development Mechanism
Authors: Shi Zhao Zhong , Yang Yu Rong , Zhang Ling
Published: May 2011

Clean development mechanism is one way of cooperation between developed and developing countries to decrease greenhouse gases emission in the “Kyoto Protoco1”. An advanced technology of Japan Mitsubishi Corporation was introduced to Kaifeng Jinkai Chemical Engineering to reduce the emission of N2O by improving nitric acid production installation. This can not only reduce the greenhouse gases emission, reduce nitric acid production costs and create considerable economic efficiency to enterprise but also promote clean development mechanism and make great contribution to the world environmental protection.
Fluorescence Spectral Characteristics and Sorption Behaviors of Acenaphthene to Surface Sediment in Chongqing Section of Yangtze River
Authors: Xu Xiao Yi , Wang Ji Hang , Luo Gu Yuan , Zhu Hong , Cai Wen Liang
Published: May 2011

3-D Fluorescence Spectrometry analysis and sorption experiments of Acenaphthene (Acp), one of the polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs), were carried on in this paper. Under the experimental conditions, the optimized excitation/emission wavelength (λex/λem) was 280/320nm. The correlative coefficient of 0.998 and the relative standard deviation of 4.03%(n=5) could be obtained over the linear ranges of 0.025mg/L~1mg/L for the calibration curve. The sorption tests of Acp to surface sediment in Chongqing Section of the Yangtze River showed that the sorption isotherms were fitted with different types of model, including traditional linear partition model and Freundlich model. According to the fitted value of model, the sorption behaviors of Acp to the surface sediment was not affected by the single sorption mechanism but the combined action of linear partition process and surface sorption.
Review of Parameters Affecting Performance of (Pt/C) Electrode for Proton Exchange Membrane Fuel Cells (Pemfcs)
Authors: Chebbi Rachid , Wan Daud Wan Ramli , Mohamad Abu Bakar , Kadhum Abdul Amir Hassan
Published: May 2011

Electrode performance is the most important part in proton exchange membrane fuel cell system because all electrochemical processes and chemical conversions into energy occur via electrode interface. However the main problem in widespread proton exchange membrane fuel cells (PEMFCs) applications is the cost of the catalyst and life time of electrode, due to different parameters effects. Intense research imply in reducing the cost with increase the activity of catalyst in additional to other parameters (components) to make electrode for PEM more efficient with reasonable cost. This paper review recent research for the most parameters affecting performance of (Pt/C and Pt/C/M ) electrode for proton exchange membrane fuel cells (PEMFCs) such as Catalyst oxidation (degradation), and life time of the electrode using Pt/C, gas diffusion layer (GDL) thickness, and loading of PTFE in the diffusion layer, Nafion@ solution in the catalyst layer, methods of fabrication of electrode as spraying, casting, and electro deposition methods. Then the link between these parameters to achieve high performance and avoid the electrode degradation by optimized these parameters.
Novel Hollow Fiber Membrane Contactors Used in Waste Treatment
Authors: Lai Chun Fang , Zhang Guo Liang , Sheng Xin Jiang , Sun Hai Min , Xu Lu Sheng , He Jin Zhe
Published: May 2011

Novel membrane contactors offer a number of important advantages over conventional dispersed phase contactors, including absence of emulsions, no flooding at high flow rates, no unloading at low flow rates, no density difference between fluids required, and surprisingly high interfacial area. Based on the former work of our group, this paper provides a general review of recent progress in the application of hollow fiber membrane contactors in liquid/liquid and gas/liquid separation and in the environmental waste treatment including VOCs and CO2 separation, metal ion recovery, and alcohol purification.
Water Recycling from Electroplating Effluent Using Membranes
Authors: Wang Ling , Zhang Guo Liang , Jiang Hua Bing , Wei Xiu Zhen , Lv Bo Sheng
Published: May 2011

The membrane integrated process including nanofiltration (NF) and reverse osmosis (RO) had more advantages in recycling the electroplating effluent than conventional physical and chemical methods. Separation experiments with different kinds of membranes were carried out in pilot scale installation using industrial effluents for more effective desalination. The selective rejection of different ions in NF and RO process was investigated with the Donnan effects and solution-diffusion theory to check its consistence. Although NF membranes had a higher permeate flux and better ion selectivity even under a relatively low operating pressure, RO membranes prevailed in rejection of toxic heavy metal ions and COD and would approach a higher potential for producing feed water of industrial cooling system.