bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Recurrent Solar Energetic Particle Flux Enhancements Observed near Earth and Mars
Authors: Krishnaprasad C. , Thampi Smitha V. , Bhardwaj Anil , Lee Christina O. , Kumar K. Kishore , Pant Tarun K.
Published: October 2020

The period 2016 August 1 to November 15 was characterized by the presence of corotating interaction regions (CIRs) and a few weak coronal mass ejections (CMEs) in the heliosphere. In this study we show recurrent energetic electron and proton enhancements observed near Earth (1 au) and Mars (1.43–1.38 au) during this period. The observations near Earth use data from instruments on board the Advanced Composition Explorer, the Solar and Heliospheric Observatory, and Solar Dynamics Observatory and those near Mars are from the Solar Energetic Particle, Solar Wind Ion Analyzer, and Magnetometer instruments on board the Mars Atmosphere and Volatile EvolutioN (MAVEN). During this period, the energetic electron fluxes observed near Earth and Mars showed prominent periodic enhancements over four solar rotations, with major periodicities of ∼27 days and ∼13 days. Periodic radar blackouts/weakenings of radar signals at Mars were observed by the Mars Advanced Radar for Subsurface and Ionosphere Sounding/Mars Express, and are associated with these solar energetic electron enhancements. During this period, a weak CME and a high-speed stream (HSS)-related interplanetary shock could have interacted with the CIR and enhance energetic proton fluxes near 1.43–1.38 au, causing ∼27 days periodicity in proton fluxes to be significantly diminished at 1.43–1.38 au. These events also have an unexpected impact on the Martian topside ionosphere, such as topside ionospheric depletion and compression observed by the Langmuir Probe and Waves and Neutral Gas and Ion Mass Spectrometer on board MAVEN. These observations are unique not only because of the recurring nature of electron enhancements seen at two vantage points, but also because they reveal the unexpected impact of the weak CME and interplanetary shock on the Martian ionosphere, which provides new insights into the impact of CME–HSS interactions on the Martian plasma environment.
Effects of Supernova Redshift Uncertainties on the Determination of Cosmological Parameters
Authors: Steinhardt Charles L. , Sneppen Albert , Sen Bidisha
Published: October 2020

Redshifts used in current cosmological supernova samples are measured using two primary techniques, one based on well-measured host galaxy spectral lines and the other based on supernova-dominated spectra. Here, we construct an updated Pantheon catalog with revised redshifts, redshift sources, and estimated uncertainties for the entire sample to investigate whether these two techniques yield consistent results. The best-fit cosmological parameters using these two measurement techniques disagree, with a supernova-only sample producing Ω
m
3.2σ higher and H
0 2.5σ lower than a hostz-only sample, and we explore several possible sources of bias that could result from using the lower-precision supernova-dominated redshifts. In a pilot study, we show that using a host redshift-only subsample will generically produce lower Ω
m
and matter density Ω
m

h
2 and slightly higher H
0 than previous analysis which, for the Pantheon data set, could result in supernova and cosmic microwave background measurements agreeing on Ω
m

h
2 despite tension in H
0. To obtain rigorous results, though, the Pantheon catalog should be improved by obtaining host spectra for supernovae that have faded, and future surveys should be designed to use host galaxy redshifts rather than lower-precision methods.
In Search of an Interface between Warm and Hot Gas within the Local Bubble
Authors: Jenkins Edward B. , Gry Cécile
Published: October 2020

We have examined UV spectra recorded by the Space Telescope Imaging Spectrograph on the Hubble Space Telescope for three stars, HD32309, 41 Ari, and η Tel, that are located well inside the boundary of the Local Hot Bubble in our search for absorption features of Si iv, C iv, and N v that could reveal the presence of an interface between the local warm (T ∼ 7000 K), neutral medium, and a more distant hot (T ∼ 106 K) interstellar medium. In all cases, we failed to detect such ions. Our most meaningful upper limit is that for log N(C iv)

11.86 toward HD32309, which is below the expectation for a sight line that penetrates either a conductive/evaporative interface or a turbulent mixing layer. We offer conjectures on the reasons for these negative results in terms of either a suppression of a conductive layer caused by the shielding of the local cloud by other clouds, which may make it more difficult for us to sense discrete absorption features from gases at intermediate temperatures, or by the presence of a tangential magnetic field at most locations on the surface of the local cloud.
Modeling the Transport of Nonthermal Particles in Flares Using Fokker–Planck Kinetic Theory
Authors: Allred Joel C. , Alaoui Meriem , Kowalski Adam F. , Kerr Graham S.
Published: October 2020

We describe a new approach for modeling the transport of high-energy particles accelerated during flares from the acceleration region in the solar corona until their eventual thermalization in the flare footpoint. Our technique numerically solves the Fokker–Planck equation and includes forces corresponding to Coulomb collisions in a flux loop with nonuniform ionization, synchrotron emission reaction, magnetic mirroring, and a return current electric field. Our solution to the Fokker–Planck equation includes second-order pitch angle and momentum diffusion. It is applicable to particles of arbitrary mass and charge. By tracking the collisions, we predict the bremsstrahlung produced as these particles interact with the ambient stellar atmosphere. This can be compared directly with observations and used to constrain the accelerated particle energy distribution. We have named our numerical code FP and distributed it for general use. We demonstrate its effectiveness in several test cases.
SUMER Measurement of the Fe x 3p
43d 4D5/2,7/2 Energy Difference
Authors: Landi E. , Hutton R. , Brage T. , Li W.
Published: October 2020

Recent studies have shown that magnetic fields in the solar corona are strong enough to significantly mix the two 3p
43d 4D5/2,7/2 levels in Cl-like Fe x. This mixing gives rise to a magnetically induced transition (MIT) component in the bright Fe x 257.3 Å line, commonly observed by current instrumentation, that can be used for coronal magnetic field diagnostics. This line, commonly observed by the still operational EIS spectrometer on board the Hinode satellite since 2007, opens a new window into the coronal magnetic field. However, the strength of this MIT transition depends on the square of the energy difference ΔE of the two

levels, so that an accurate determination of ΔE is of critical importance to accurately measure coronal magnetic field strengths. In the present work we present a new measurement of ΔE obtained determining the separation of the two component of the Fe x doublet close to 1603.3 Å from deep-exposure spectra of a quiescent streamer at the solar limb taken with the SUMER instrument on board SoHO. Our measurement of ΔE = 2.29 ± 0.50 cm−1 agrees with, and improves upon, an earlier measurements by Judge et al. by decreasing its uncertainty from 80% to approximately 20%, improving the attainable accuracy of magnetic field strength measurements obtainable with the Fe x 257.26 Å line.
Spectroscopic Detection of the Pre-White Dwarf Companion of Regulus
Authors: Gies Douglas R. , Lester Kathryn V. , Wang Luqian , Couperus Andrew , Shepard Katherine , Neiner Coralie , Wade Gregg A. , Dunham David W. , Dunham Joan B.
Published: October 2020

Mass transfer in an interacting binary will often strip the mass donor of its entire envelope and spin up the mass gainer to near critical rotation. The nearby B-type star Regulus represents a binary in the post-mass transfer stage: it is a rapid rotator with a very faint companion in a 40 days orbit. Here we present the results of a search for the spectral features of the stripped-down star in an extensive set of spectra with high signal-to-noise ratio and high resolution obtained with the CFHT/ESPaDOnS and TBL/NARVAL spectrographs. We first determine revised orbital elements in order to set accurate estimates of the orbital Doppler shifts at the times of observation. We then calculate cross-correlation functions of the observed and model spectra, and we search for evidence of the companion signal in the residuals after removal of the strong primary component. We detect a weak peak in the co-added residuals that has the properties expected for a faint pre-white dwarf. We use the dependence of the peak height and width on assumed secondary velocity semiamplitude to derive the semiamplitude, which yields masses of M
1/M
⊙ = 3.7 ± 1.4 and M
2/M
⊙ = 0.31 ± 0.10 (assuming orbital inclination equals the spin inclination of Regulus). We estimate the temperature of the pre-white dwarf T
eff = (20 ± 4) kK through tests with differing temperature model spectra, and we find the radius R
2/R
⊙ = 0.061 ± 0.011 from the component temperatures and the flux ratio associated with the amplitude of the signal in the cross-correlation residuals.
Center-to-limb Variation of the Inverse Evershed Flow
Authors: Beck C. , Choudhary D. P. , Ranganathan M.
Published: October 2020

We present the properties of the inverse Evershed flow (IEF) based on the center-to-limb variation of the plasma speed and loop geometry of chromospheric superpenumbral fibrils in eleven sunspots that were located at a wide range of heliocentric angles from 12° to 79°. The observations were acquired at the Dunn Solar Telescope in the spectral line of Hα at 656 nm to determine chromospheric flows and the photospheric Si i line at 1082.7 nm to estimate the photospheric umbral magnetic field strength. All sunspots display opposite line-of-sight (LOS) velocities on the limb and center side with a distinct shock signature near the outer penumbral edge. We developed a simplified flexible sunspot model assuming axisymmetry and prescribing the radial flow speed profile at a known loop geometry to replicate the observed two-dimensional IEF patterns under different viewing angles. The simulated flow maps match the observations for chromospheric loops with 10–20 Mm length starting at 0.8–1.1 sunspot radii, an apex height of 1–3 Mm, and a flow speed of 2–9 km s−1. We find on average a good agreement of the simulated velocities and the observations on elliptical annuli around the sunspot. Individual IEF channels show a significant range of variation in their properties and reach maximal LOS speeds of up to 12 km s−1. Upwards or downwards directed flows do not show a change of sign in the LOS velocities for heliocentric angles above 30°. Our results are consistent with the IEF being caused by a siphon flow mechanism driving a flow at about sonic speed along elevated loops with a flattened top in the chromosphere.
Into the UV: The Atmosphere of the Hot Jupiter HAT-P-41b Revealed
Authors: Lewis N. K. , Wakeford H. R. , MacDonald R. J. , Goyal J. M. , Sing D. K. , Barstow J. , Powell D. , Kataria T. , Mishra I. , Marley M. S. , Batalha N. E. , Moses J. I. , Gao P. , Wilson T. J. , Chubb K. L. , Mikal-Evans T. , Nikolov N. , Pirzkal N. , Spake J. J. , Stevenson K. B. , Valenti J. , Zhang X.
Published: October 2020

For solar system objects, ultraviolet spectroscopy has been critical in identifying sources of stratospheric heating and measuring the abundances of a variety of hydrocarbon and sulfur-bearing species, produced via photochemical mechanisms, as well as oxygen and ozone. To date, fewer than 20 exoplanets have been probed in this critical wavelength range (0.2–0.4 μm). Here we use data from Hubble’s newly implemented WFC3 UVIS G280 grism to probe the atmosphere of the hot Jupiter HAT-P-41b in the ultraviolet through optical in combination with observations at infrared wavelengths. We analyze and interpret HAT-P-41b’s 0.2–5.0 μm transmission spectrum using a broad range of methodologies including multiple treatments of data systematics as well as comparisons with atmospheric forward, cloud microphysical, and multiple atmospheric retrieval models. Although some analysis and interpretation methods favor the presence of clouds or potentially a combination of Na, VO, AlO, and CrH to explain the ultraviolet through optical portions of HAT-P-41b’s transmission spectrum, we find that the presence of a significant H− opacity provides the most robust explanation. We obtain a constraint for the abundance of H−,

, in HAT-P-41b’s atmosphere, which is several orders of magnitude larger than predictions from equilibrium chemistry for a ∼1700–1950 K hot Jupiter. We show that a combination of photochemical and collisional processes on hot hydrogen-dominated exoplanets can readily supply the necessary amount of H− and suggest that such processes are at work in HAT-P-41b and the atmospheres of many other hot Jupiters.
FRB 121102 Bursts at a Constant Rate per Log Time
Authors: Tabor Elisa , Loeb Abraham
Published: October 2020

Despite many searches for periodicity in the repeating fast radio burst FRB 121102, the underlying pattern of bursts does not appear to be a periodic one. We report a logarithmic repetition pattern in FRB 121102 in the sense that the rate falls off inversely with time for each set of bursts. This result implies that repeating fast radio burst sources are not necessarily associated with a pulsar, but rather could be caused by a different type of phenomenon that involves an equal amount of energy output per log time.
Long-term Evolution of the Sun’s Magnetic Field during Cycles 15–19 Based on Their Proxies from Kodaikanal Solar Observatory
Authors: Mordvinov Alexander V. , Binay Karak Bidya , Banerjee Dipankar , Chatterjee Subhamoy , Golubeva Elena M. , Khlystova Anna I.
Published: October 2020

The regular observation of the solar magnetic field is available only for about the last five cycles. Thus, to understand the origin of the variation of the solar magnetic field, it is essential to reconstruct the magnetic field for the past cycles, utilizing other data sets. Long-term uniform observations for the past 100 yr as recorded at the Kodaikanal Solar Observatory (KoSO) provide such an opportunity. We develop a method for the reconstruction of the solar magnetic field using the synoptic observations of the Sun’s emission in the Ca II K and Hα lines from KoSO for the first time. The reconstruction method is based on the fact that the Ca II K intensity correlates well with the unsigned magnetic flux, while the sign of the flux is derived from the corresponding Hα map that provides the information of the dominant polarities. Based on this reconstructed magnetic map, we study the evolution of the magnetic field in Cycles 15–19. We also study bipolar magnetic regions (BMRs) and their remnant flux surges in their causal relation. Time–latitude analysis of the reconstructed magnetic flux provides an overall view of magnetic field evolution: emergent magnetic flux, its further transformations with the formation of unipolar magnetic regions (UMRs), and remnant flux surges. We identify the reversals of the polar field and critical surges of following and leading polarities. We found that the poleward transport of opposite polarities led to multiple changes of the dominant magnetic polarities in poles. Furthermore, the remnant flux surges that occur between adjacent 11 yr cycles reveal physical connections between them.
The Two Emission States of PSR B1534+12
Authors: Wang S. Q. , Hobbs G. , Wang J. B. , Manchester R. , Wang N. , Zhang S. B. , Feng Y. , Wang W.-Y. , Li D. , Dai S. , Lee K. J. , Dang S. J. , Zhang L.
Published: October 2020

We have observed PSR B1534+12 (J1537+1155), a pulsar with a neutron star companion, using the Five-hundred-meter Aperture Spherical radio Telescope. We found that this pulsar shows two distinct emission states: a weak state with a wide pulse profile and a burst state with a narrow pulse profile. The weak state is always present. We cannot, with our current data, determine whether the pulse energy of the weak state follows a normal or a log-normal distribution. The burst state energy distribution follows a power law. The amplitude of the single-pulse emission in the burst state varies significantly; the peak flux intensity of the brightest pulse is 334 times stronger than that of the average pulse. We also examined the timing precision achievable using only bright pulses, which showed no demonstrable improvement because of pulse jitter and therefore quantified the jitter noise level for this pulsar.
Fish occurrence in the middle Volga and upper Don regions (Russia)
Authors: Artaev Oleg , Ruchin Alexander , Ivanchev Victor , Ivancheva Elena , Sarychev Vladimir , Moreva Olga , Mikheev Vyacheslav , Medvedev Dmirty , Klevakin Alexey
Published: October 2020

In ichthyological publications from both Russia as a whole, and from the study region, lack of data indicating the actual results of observations in a specific place all result in publication of a generalised analysis. Although our publications contain such data, they are, however, not convenient for users performing global analysis. The main purpose of publishing a database is to make our data available in the global biodiversity system to a wide range of users. Dataset represents a significant addition to the distribution of species in this area. The data can be used to analyse future changes in ichthyofauna, as well as to help the authorities to manage their territory more efficiently.

This publication describes a dataset that contains information on fish encounters in the Upper Don basin and the middle Volga (centre of the European part of Russia) over a 30-year period (1990-2020). The dataset contains information on 6400 occurrences of 394341 specimens of 56 species, 99.9% of specimens being identified to the species level. A total of 883 sites were studied, of which 253 were in lentic biotopes (lakes - 121, ponds - 123, backwater - 5, reservoir - 3, pit - 1), 630 were in lotic (rivers - 628, stream - 1, channel - 1). One collecting site has an average of 7.2 species (from 1-21 species per location). Only those species that form self-reproducing populations are given. The dataset is a compilation of data from several working author groups. All observations have precise geo-referencing with the names of water bodies (rivers, lakes etc.).

All presented data are published in the form of a database for the first time. Some data form the basis of previously-published works (3998 observations, 62%) and some are published for the first time (2402 observations, 38%). A large amount of data comes from small water bodies that have been neglected by previous researchers.
Fukushima : décider en situation extrême
Authors: Guarnieri Franck , Travadel Sébastien
Published: October 2020

À travers la décision du directeur de la centrale nucléaire de Fukushima d’injecter de l’eau de mer pour refroidir les combustibles des réacteurs, nous montrons les limites d’une sécurité définie par le seul respect des référentiels normatifs. Les actions sans précédents accomplies par les opérateurs de la centrale durant plusieurs jours pour éviter la fusion des réacteurs rappellent que la gestion d’une crise dépend en dernier ressort de l’engagement d’êtres humains, de leur construction d’imaginaires et de leur capacité à opérer des choix, parfois porteurs de lourds enjeux.
Recherche, expertise et décision face à la catastrophe : vers de nouveaux défis
Authors: Devès Maud H.
Published: October 2020

La science occupe une fonction importante face au risque de catastrophe. On n’attend rien moins d’elle qu’elle fournisse le socle d’« évidences » sur lequel fonder l’action collective. De sorte que lorsqu’une décision doit être prise, les scientifiques se trouvent naturellement appelés à intervenir. Les modalités de leur intervention sont cependant à géométrie variable et il ne leur est pas toujours facile de trouver leur « juste » place. Dans cet article, nous reviendrons sur quelques difficultés inhérentes à l’articulation entre recherche et expertise, puis nous nous interrogerons sur les nouveaux défis ouverts par les transformations des rapports entre science et société intervenues au cours des dernières décennies.
Catastrophes : qu’ont à dire les humanitaires ?
Authors: Grünewald François
Published: October 2020

Avec le développement des dégradations environnementales majeures – notamment celles résultant des changements climatiques, de l’urbanisation accélérée ou de la vulnérabilité croissante de pans entiers de populations –, la gestion du risque et la capacité de répondre à leurs conséquences sont devenues des défis centraux de nos sociétés. Les acteurs de la solidarité, tant des sociétés civiles que des mécanismes multilatéraux, mais aussi et peut-être surtout les instances dédiées des États, tentent d’y répondre, affichant à chaque fois des progrès, mais rencontrant aussi de nombreuses difficultés. Remettre au centre des stratégies de développement des sociétés et des territoires les enjeux de résilience est un des axes-clés de la réflexion. Se préparer à mieux répondre (plus vite, plus efficacement, en créant très vite des liens avec un développement plus résilient en sortie de crise) devient une exigence face à la multiplication des événements extrêmes.
Les leviers d’action pour un mix énergétique propre et sûr au service de la transition énergétique dans les territoires
Authors: Carré Florence , Adam Karine , Cointe Raymond , Gentilhomme Olivier , Brugidou Mathieu , Guillaume Olivier , Gabillet Pauline , Gendron Corinne , Jakubowicz Magali , Leber Jean-Yves , Mocanu Stéphane , Moretti Isabelle , Vidalenc Eric , Villeneuve Jacques
Published: October 2020

Les territoires multiplient leurs efforts pour atteindre les objectifs de la loi de transition énergétique pour la croissance verte, parmi lesquels figure la nécessité de porter la part des énergies renouvelables à 32 % de la consommation finale brute d’énergie en 2030. Cet article vise à recenser les risques industriels et environnementaux liés à l’émergence à la fois de nouveaux acteurs impliqués dans le déploiement des énergies renouvelables et de nouveaux matériaux et technologies. Associées à ces risques, des solutions techniques et organisationnelles sont proposées pour les maîtriser et tenter de faire de la transition une opportunité pour les territoires.
L’autonomie paysanne dans l’Égypte britannique : une relecture de l’« incident Dinshwây » de 1906
Authors: Inowlocki Didier
Published: October 2020

Le 13 juin 1906, alors que l’Égypte était en situation coloniale, une partie de chasse aux pigeons entreprise par des soldats britanniques dans un village du delta se solda par la mort d’un soldat et d’un villageois. La sévérité des peines infligées aux villageois par les autorités britanniques avec le concours d’une partie des élites égyptiennes transforma l’incident en un événement international. Des nationalistes, au premier titre desquels Muṣṭafa Kâmil Pacha, s’en saisirent pour relancer la lutte de libération nationale. Jusqu’à aujourd’hui, l’événement est connu sous le nom du village où il s’est produit : « l’incident Dinshwây ». Dans la culture commune égyptienne, il représente à lui seul la barbarie du colonialisme britannique en Égypte. D’une part, cet article revient sur l’événement lui-même pour mettre au jour le fait qu’il y a là plus qu’un incident mais une véritable révolte en milieu rural dont la portée politique dépasse de loin l’horizon du village. D’autre part, l’article analyse les discours des Britanniques et de Muṣṭafa Kâmil Pacha pour montrer qu’à l’époque, aussi paradoxal que cela puisse paraître, les Britanniques accordaient aux « fellahs » un patriotisme dont les nationalistes niaient l’existence. Cette double approche vise à débarrasser le récit de son carcan national-colonial pour permettre aux habitants du village de Dinshwây d’être des sujets de l’histoire.
El ámbito socio-laboral de las impren­tas novohispanas. Siglo XVI
Authors: Grañén Porrúa María Isabel
Published: October 2020

No disponible.
Fray Cristobal Caballero y la portada de la Merced de Lima
Authors: San Cristóbal Sebastián Antonio
Published: October 2020

No disponible.
Esplendor y derrumbe de una elite contra-revolucionaria: el clan de los Allende y el ajusticiamiento de Cabeza de Tigre
Authors: Saguier Eduardo R.
Published: October 2020

No disponible.
Anglo-spanish relations and the recog­nition of Spanish American independence
Authors: Waddell D. A. G.
Published: October 2020

No disponible.
Integración de las comunidades campe­sinas en el Perú contemporáneo: ¿supervivencia o fin?
Authors: Cañedo-Argüelles Fábrega Teresa
Published: October 2020

No disponible.
Multimodal Communication Practice in Nigeria's Digital Space
Authors: Oryila Simon Shachia , Aghadiuno Philip Chike Chukwunonso
Published: October 2020

For centuries, people have evolved novel ways of making meaning. With the passage of time, the various traditional modes of representation or meaning making have been altered and, in some cases, refined or displaced by technological advancements. In Nigeria, a growing academic interest seeks to explore the practical relevance of integrating semiotic resources, such as speech, writing, video, music, colours, or signs to create multimodal texts across a wide range of communicative acts. This chapter, therefore, examines multimodal communication practice within Nigeria's digital space, its nature, dimension, as well as how digital technologies are appropriated to enhance, not just the people's digital experience, but also create social, economic, and business opportunities for Nigeria's growing population of digital natives.
A Systematic Mapping of Studies on the Adoption of Internet of Things to Provide Healthcare Services in Developing Countries
Authors: Kante Macire , Ndayizigamiye Patrick
Published: October 2020

This chapter presents a systematic mapping of studies that investigated the adoption of IoT-based healthcare services in developing countries. Specifically, this chapter investigates the current drivers and challenges of the adoption of IoT-based healthcare services in developing countries. It further investigates technology acceptance models/theories that have been used in IoT-based healthcare research in developing countries. The chapter suggests that there is a need to undertake more studies on IoT-based healthcare services in developing countries that are anchored on a theoretical foundation to enhance the understanding of the drivers and inhibitors of the adoption of such services. Such understanding will help devise strategies that could stimulate the adoption and use of IoT-based healthcare services in developing countries.
Analysing the Relationship Between SMME Geographic Coverage and E-Commerce Adoption
Authors: Ndayizigamiye Patrick , Khoase Refiloe Gladys
Published: October 2020

This chapter examines South African SMMEs adoption of e-commerce. The chapter is concerned with four e-commerce adoption options: 1) customer payment by credit card through the SMME's website, 2) customer placing orders through the SMME's website, 3) providing customer services through the SMME's website, and 4) placing orders with suppliers over the internet. By using a sample of 400 conveniently sampled SMME owners, this chapter explores the adoption of the four e-commerce options in two geographic areas within South Africa, Durban and Pietermaritzburg. Specifically, the chapter seeks to establish the extent of the adoption of the four e-commerce options in both locations in relation to the SMMEs' business coverage. Findings revealed that although SMMEs from Durban and Pietermaritzburg have adopted all of the four e-commerce options to various degrees, such adoption is only significant for SMMEs whose business operations extend beyond the local level. Additionally, internet security was identified as a key impediment towards e-commerce adoption in both areas.
Differing Outcomes of Patients with High Hyperdiploidy and ETV6-RUNX1 Rearrangement in Korean Pediatric Precursor B Cell Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia
Authors: Lee Jae Wook , Kim Seongkoo , Jang Pil-Sang , Chung Nack-Gyun , Cho Bin
Published: October 2020

PurposeRecent cooperative trials in pediatric acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) report long-term event-free survival (EFS) of greater than 80%. In this study, we analyzed the outcome and prognostic factors for patients with precursor B cell ALL (n=405) diagnosed during a 10-year period (2005-2015) at our institution.Materials and MethodsAll patients were treated with a uniform institutional regimen based on four risk groups, except for steroid type; patients diagnosed up till 2008 receiving dexamethasone, while subsequent patients received prednisolone. None of the patients received cranial irradiation in first complete remission.ResultsThe 10-year EFS and overall survival was 76.3%±2.3% and 85.1%±1.9%. Ten-year cumulative incidence of relapse, any central nervous system (CNS) relapse and isolated CNS relapse was 20.8%±2.2%, 3.7%±1.1% and 2.5%±0.9% respectively. A comparison of established, good prognosis genetic abnormalities showed that patients with high hyperdiploidy had significantly better EFS than those with ETV6-RUNX1 rearrangement (10-year EFS of 91.2%±3.0% vs. 79.5%±4.4%, p=0.033). For the overall cohort, male sex, infant ALL, initial CNS involvement, and Philadelphia chromosome (+) ALL were significant factors for lower EFS in multivariate study, while high hyperdiploidy conferred favorable outcome. For high and very high risk patients (n=231), high hyperdiploidy was the only significant factor for EFS in multivariate study.ConclusionRegarding good prognosis genetic abnormalities, patients with high hyperdiploidy had significantly better outcome than ETV6-RUNX1 (+) patients. High hyperdiploidy was a major, favorable prognostic factor in the overall patient group, as well as the subgroup of patients with higher risk.
A note on the phase retrieval of holomorphic functions
Authors: Perez Rolando
Published: October 2020

We prove that if f and g are holomorphic functions on an open connected domain, with the same moduli on two intersecting segments, then
$f=g$
up to the multiplication of a unimodular constant, provided the segments make an angle that is an irrational multiple of
$\pi $
. We also prove that if f and g are functions in the Nevanlinna class, and if
$|f|=|g|$
on the unit circle and on a circle inside the unit disc, then
$f=g$
up to the multiplication of a unimodular constant.
Treatment outcome of Philadelphia chromosome negative myeloproliferative neoplasms: experience of a single developing country’s hematology-oncology centre
Authors: Salim Mohammed , Salar Zrari
Published: October 2020

Background: Myeloproliferative neoplasms (MPNs) include polycythemia vera (PV), essential thrombocythemia (ET), and primary myelofibrosis (PMF) are characterized by excessive production of blood cells. Treatment of MPNs patients has an important effect thereby reducing morbidity and mortality.Objective: To evaluate the effect of cytoreductive treatment on some hematological and biochemical parameters in MPNs patients treated at a hemato-oncology Centre in Erbil, Iraq.Methods: A total of 185 patients diagnosed with PV, ET, and PMF (111 males and 74 females with a mean age of 50.8±3.2 years, range: 46-73) were assigned to receive MPNs treatment. Laboratory tests were performed before and after a median period from the initiation of MPNs treatment of 9.3 months (range 5-10 months).Results: Significant differences were noted in Hemoglobin (P<0.003), Hematocrit (P<0.004), Neutrophil (P<0.001) and glutamate pyruvate transferase levels (P<0.01) in PV patients, Platelet count (P<0.002) in ET patients, and both white blood cell count (P<0.004) and Lactate dehydrogenase level (P&l;0.001) in PMF patients, while no significant differences were found in other parameters at the time of diagnosis and during therapy.Conclusion: Clinical and laboratory improvements were presented in MPNs patients. Regular follow up of patients are essential to ensure prescribed treatment in addition to the continual and long-lasting response to therapy and to prevent thrombosis.Keywords: Cytoreductive treatment, MPNs, JAK2 mutation.
Association between the UBE2Z rs46522 and TCF7L2 rs7903146 polymorphisms with type 2 diabetes in south western Iran
Authors: Foroughmand Ali Mohammad , Shafidelpour Sana , Zakerkish Merhrnoosh , Borujeni Mehdi Pourmehdi
Published: October 2020

Background: Transcription factor 7-like 2 Protein (TCF7L2) has a strong role in the pathogenesis of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). Association between rs7903146 and T2D risk reported in some of populations. Also many loci such as UBE2Z rs46522 are affecting by TCF7L2 transcription factor have been found associated with T2D. The present study aimed to evaluate association of the SNPs with risk of T2D among our population.Methods: This case-control study was conducted on 150 T2D patients and 150 healthy people (as a control group) in south western Iran. Genotyping was performed by PCR-RFLP.Results: The frequency of genotypes showed no remarkable difference between T2DM patients and control group. The odds ratios of rs7903146 (C/T) poly¬morphism for CC and TC genotypes were 1.9 (95% CI, 0.85 to 4.24; P=0.12) and 0.81 (95% CI, 0.47 to 1.38; P=0.43) compared with the TT genotype, respectively. The odds ratios of rs46522 (C/T) poly¬morphism for TT and TC genotypes were 1.75 (95% CI, 0.86 to 3.59; P=0.13) and 1.38 (95% CI, 0.81to 2.35; P=0.24) compared with the CC genotype, respectively.Conclusion: Our study indicates no association of T2D in south western Iran with the rs7903146 and rs46522 variants.Keywords: Transcription Factor 7-Like 2 Protein, Diabetes Mellitus, Polymorphism.
Barriers, attitudes, confidence, and knowledge of nurses regarding metabolic health screening and intervention in people with mental illness: a pilot study from Uganda
Authors: Vancampfort Davy , Watkins Andrew , Ward Philip B , Probst Michel , De Hert Marc , Van Damme Tine , Mugisha James
Published: October 2020

Background: People with mental illness are at an increased risk for developing cardio-metabolic disorders. Routine screening following pharmacotherapy is however unacceptably low in sub-Saharan African countries with less than 1% adequately screened. It is unknown whether this is due to a lack of adequate competences.Objectives: The aim of this pilot study was to assess the barriers, attitudes, confidence, and knowledge of nurses regarding metabolic health, prevention and treatment in Uganda.Methods: Twenty-eight nurses (39% female, 30.9±6.9 years) completed the Metabolic – Barriers, Confidence, Attitudes and Knowledge Questionnaire and the physical activity prescription rate item of the Exercise in Mental Illness Questionnaire.Results: More than 75% had a positive attitude towards metabolic screening and intervention and more than 50% were confident in providing smoking cessation advice, and physical activity and nutritional counseling. However, 57% stated that their heavy workload prevented them from doing health screening and promotion activities. There was a negative correlation (ρ=-0.54, P=0.003) between the frequency of physical activity prescription and the perception of the inability of patients to change.Conclusion: The present findings suggest that nurses are generally supportive of metabolic health screening and intervention but their high workload prevents them from implementing metabolic health interventions.Keywords: Exercise, diet, metabolic syndrome, screening, smoking.
Statistical models for longitudinal zero-inflated count data: application to seizure attacks
Authors: Mekonnen Fenta Haile , Lakew Workie Demeke , Tesfaye Zike Dereje , Swain Prafulla Kumar
Published: October 2020

Background: Chronic non-communicable diseases:- such as epilepsy, are increasingly recognized as public health problems in developing and African countries. This study aimed at finding determinants of the number of epileptic seizure attacks using different count data modeling techniques.Methods: Four common fixed-effects Poisson family models were reviewed to analyze the count data with a high proportion of zeros in longitudinal outcome, i.e., the number of seizure attacks in epilepsy patients. This is because, in addition to the problem of extra zeros, the correlation between measurements upon the same patient at different occasions needs to be taken into consideration.Results: The investigation remarkably identified some important factors associated with epileptic seizure attacks. As people grow old , the number of seizure attacks increased and male patients had more seizures than their female counterparts. In general, a patient’s age, sex, monthly income, family history of epilepsy andservice satisfaction were some of the significant factors responsible for the frequency of seizure attacks (P value<0.05).Conclusion: This study suggests that zero-inflated negative binomial is the best model for predicting and describing the number of seizure attacks as well as identifying the potential risk factors. Addressing these risk factors will definitely contain the progression of seizure attack.Keywords: linear mixed model, hurdle model, seizure attacks, zero-inflated models.
Assessment of drug therapy problem and associated factors among adult hypertensive patients at Ayder comprehensive specialized hospital, Northern Ethiopia
Authors: Weldegebreal Asgedom Solomon , Tezeta Fekadu , Mehari Atey Tesfay , Gashaw Wubetu , Dessale Kassa Tesfaye , Legesse Niriayo Yirga
Published: October 2020

Background: Drug-therapy problems(DTPs) among hypertensive patients can result in patient’s morbidity and mortality. The main aim of this study was to assess drug therapy problem and associated factors among <="" span="" style="font-family: hypertensive patients.Methods: A hospital based cross sectional study was conducted. The data was collected from patients’ medical charts and through interview. Drug therapy problem was categorized according to Cipolle methods of DTP classification. Thedata was analyzed using the Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (SPSS), version 21.Results: A total of 241 patients were studied. The mean number of antihypertensive medications prescribed were 1.41±0.53. A total of 357 drug therapy problems(DTPs) were identified. From the patients studied,134(55.6%) had at least one evidence of drug therapy problem. Non adherence was the most commonly identified drug therapy problem occurred in (143(59.3%)) patients. Substance use (AOR=0.445, 95% CI= 0.227-0.870, p=0.018) and comorbidity (AOR= 2.099, 95% CI= 1.192-3.694, p=0.010) werethe predictors of DTP.Conclusion: More than half of the participants had evidence of onset drug therapy problem. Thus efforts that could boost antihypertensive compliance and minimizes substance use should be adopted to reduce patients’s drug therapy problems.Keywords: assessment, drug, therapy, problem, Ethiopia.
Knowledge, attitudes, and perceptions of antenatal women to postpartum bilateral tubal ligation at Greys Hospital, KwaZulu-Natal, South Africa
Authors: Makhathini Bongumusa Steven , Makinga Polycarpe N’djugumu , Green-Thompson Randolph Robert
Published: October 2020

Objectives: To evaluate the associations between socio-demographic factors and the general knowledge, the attitudes and perceptions of women attending antenatal clinic at Greys Hospital regarding postpartum tubal ligation (BTL). Methods: A prospective cross-sectional study describing the perceptions about BTL in 241 pregnant women was conducted.Results: One hundred and sixty six (68.9%) participants needed to involve their partners before tubal ligation. Thirty five percent of 102 participants who would not have BTL against partner’s wish were unemployed. Eighty three (34.4%) participants, mostly with secondary and tertiary education believed that successful reversal of BTL is guaranteed. Fifty two percent of participants, predominantly with no formal schooling and primary education levels were unaware of the risk of falling pregnant after BTL. Sixty seven (27.8%) participants, predominantly with primary education or no formal schooling believed that BTL protects against STIs and HIV. Seventy eight (32.4%) of participants would not have BTL due to religious beliefs, however, participants from the same religion gave different answers to the question.Conclusion: The study showed a significant lack of knowledge on key points of BTL. Socio-demographic factors still influence this subject and should not be underestimated during counselling of the patients to reduce potential morbidity and litigation.Keywords: Knowledge, attitudes, perceptions, antenatal women, tubal ligation.
Socio-demographic factors of early sexual debut and depression among adolescents
Authors: Adimora Dorothy Ebere , Onwu Alexandra Okezie
Published: October 2020

Background: Adolescent early sexual debut as it relates with socio-demographic factors and depression of secondary school adolescents. During the adolescent stage, attitudes, values and behaviours that shape a young person's behavior in the future develop. Age of sexual debut is generally low, yet there is dearth of knowledge on sexuality in the area of this study-Nsukka Education zone of Enugu State, Nigeria. Objective: To determine the socio-demographic factors of early sexual debut and depression among adolescents in secondary schools in Nsukka Education zone of Enugu state, Nigeria. Materials and methods: A cross-sectional longitudinal study of 408 secondary school adolescents in Nsukka Education zone of Enugu state, Nigeria during the 2016/2017 school year. Data was collected using pre-tested, observation schedule, structured interview and well-structured questionnaire. Tests of statistical significance were carried out using chi-square and t-tests. A p value of < 0.005 was found to be significant.”Results: The age group at which respondents had their first sexual intercourse ranged between 13 to 19 years, the mean ages are 12.1±1.2 and 14.5±1.5 for males and females, while the modal and median ages at first sexual intercourse for male and female are 14 and 13 years respectively with a cumulative frequency percent of 56.5. The girls-initiated sex earlier than the boys (p= 0.001). Those brought up by one parent-initiated sex at an earlier age (p= 0.000), while age of sex initiation increased with maternal (p= 0.000) and paternal education (p= 0.001). Depressed adolescent boys and girls were more likely than their non-depressed peers to have experienced sexual intercourse. The youngest adolescents who were depressed were more likely to have experienced intercourse than the older ones who were not depressed. Respondents sharing room with parents or adult relations of opposite sex were found to have initiated sex earlier than those staying alone or sharing room with same sex peers. Conclusion: Age at sexual debut was found to be associated with younger age, gender, living with a one parent and parents’ educational status.Keywords: Adolescents, depression, family factors, sexual initiation.
Oxidant and antioxidant parameters in people who fast during Ramadan, and those who do not
Authors: Karsen Hasan , Güler Emine Ayca , Binici İrfan , Taşkıran Huseyin , Yıldırım Suleyman , Koyuncu İsmail
Published: October 2020

Background: Objectives: The main aim of this study was to compare, by a new automated colorimetric method, oxidant and anti-oxidant status of those who fast during Ramadan and those who do not. For this purpose, total oxidant status (TOS), total anti-oxidant capacity (TAC) levels and oxidative stress index (OSI) were analysed. By doing this, we hope to examine whether fasting has any beneficial effect on human health.Materials and methods: Fifty seven people were included in this study. Of these, 30 people had been fasting during the month of Ramadan for at least ten years, but 27 had never fasted in their life. On the 15th day of Ramadan, blood samples were obtained from both groups after 12 hours of fasting. Results: The TAC levels of the fasting group (1.29±0,19) was quite higher than the non-fasting group (1,09±0,16) [EIC2][ICD3][ICD4](p< 0.001). Similarly, in the fasting group TOS level and the OSI (respectively 12,77±2,23 and 1,01±0,25) was quite lower [EIC5][ICD6][ICD7] than in the non-fasting group (respectively 14,15±2,04 and 1,33±0,30), (p<=0.019 and p<0.001, respectively).These findings show that the TOS level of non-fasting group was high. This oxidative stress might cause various illnesses. Therefore, fasting could play a significant part in health-protection by increasing total anti-oxidant capacity.Keywords: Fasting Ramadan, oxidative parameters.
Reliability and validity of the neonatal feeding assessment scale (NFAS) for the early identification of dysphagia in moderate to late preterm neonates
Authors: Viviers Mari , Kritzinger Alta , Graham Marien
Published: October 2020

Background: A clinical feeding assessment instrument to assist with early identification of oropharyngeal dysphagia (OPD) in neonates was developed.Objective: To investigate the validity and reliability of the Neonatal Feeding Assessment Scale (NFAS) in comparison to the modified barium swallow study (MBSS) as gold standard.Method: A within-subject design was implemented. A group of 48 late premature neonates (mean gestational age 35.5 weeks) were sampled in the neonatal intensive care unit.Results: The NFAS consists of six subsections, including physiological stability, infant state, stress cues, screening of muscle tone and control, oral peripheral examination and feeding/swallowing assessment. 93% of participants (14/15) received confirmatory diagnosis of OPD on MBSS. The NFAS presented with high sensitivity (78.6%) and specificity (88.2%) scores. The positive predictive value was 78.6%. Subsequently the accuracy of the NFAS to identify the presence of OPD accurately was 85.4% when compared to MBSS. Inter-rater reliability was determined on 35% of the sample. The inter-rater agreement on overall instrument outcome was substantial beyond chance.Conclusion: The NFAS may be of use to clinicians to support the early identification of OPD in this population, especially in resource constrained settings working without access to MBSS and to reach under served neonates.Keywords: Inter-rater reliability, modified barium swallow study, Neonatal Feeding Assessment Scale (NFAS), oropharyngeal dysphagia diagnosis, validity.