bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Physico-chemical properties of optimized Kaalan-A traditional dairy product
Authors: KB Divya , P Sujith , SN Rajakumar , AK Beena , MP Divya , Babu P Sudheer , V Ramnath
Published: January 2025

Kaalan is a buttermilk, coconut and vegetable-based culinary preparation filled with the goodness of spices, famous in the South Indian state of Kerala. The Kaalan available in the market differs widely which can be attributed to a lack of well-defined characterization and standardization, hindering efforts towards industrial production. The complex procedures of preparation and lack of knowledge limit its preparation to caterers and households. The current study aimed to optimize the production process utilizing the Response Surface Methodology for achieving standardized large-scale production within the organized sector. The outcomes from the Response Surface Methodology (RSM) demonstrated that the experimental observations could be suitably accommodated within a second-order polynomial model, exhibiting a satisfactory coefficient of determination (R2 > 90%). The proposed formulation for the Kaalan was a combination containing 194.97g vegetables, 748.09ml buttermilk, and 126.78g coconut. The optimized Kaalan had3.49±0.005 per cent protein, 7.12±0.07 per cent fat, 9.95±0.08 percent carbohydrate, 4.84±0.22 per cent dietary fiber, 2.17±0.03 percent ash and 28.36±0.04 per cent total solids. The curcumin content was 13.63±0.03 ppm and the energy value was 117.77±0.42kcalories per 100 g. The data shows that the optimized Kaalan can be established as a nutritionally valuable, low-calorie functional food.
Herpes Zoster Sakral Menyerupai Herpes Simpleks Genital pada Pasien Diabetes Melitus: Sebuah Kasus Jarang
Authors: Tasrif Aqil Yuniawan , Maulida Mimi , Vella Vella , Pradistha Aldilla , Thahir Tanziela
Published: January 2025

Herpes zoster (HZ) merupakan keadaan akut infeksi virus pada kulit yang disebabkan oleh adanya reaktivasi dari virus varisela zoster. Tampilan klinis HZ umumnya terbatas pada satu dermatom. Herpes zoster sakral merupakan kasus yang jarang terjadi. Diabetes melitus dapat meningkatkan risiko terjadinya herpes zoster. Dilaporkan satu kasus herpes zoster sakral pada pasien laki-laki berusia 48 tahun. Pada pemeriksaan status dermatologi dijumpai pada regio penis, skrotalis sinistra, dan gluteus maksimus sinistra, tampak vesikel berkelompok, multipel, lentikuler hingga gutata, susunan zosteriformis, dan distribusi sesuai dermatom. Pemeriksaan tes Tzank dijumpai sel datia berinti banyak. Pasien diterapi dengan valasiklovir 500 mg 3 kali 2 tablet per hari. Setelah pengobatan selama 1 minggu, herpes zoster sakral mengalami perbaikan dan keluhan penyerta seperti rasa gatal dan rasa perih mulai berkurang.
An evaluation method for power supply guarantee capability of multi-city interconnected power system based on security region
Authors: Liu Zhihong , Chen Yunyao , Du Yaoxia , Luo Yang
Published: January 2025

In the context of global climate change, the multi-city interconnected power system offers the potential for low-carbon and efficient energy utilization, addressing the challenge of ensuring safety, stability, and reduced carbon emissions while meeting diverse demands. This study proposes a security region-based method to evaluate the power supply guarantee capability of such systems, employing a collaborative support framework to characterize the low-carbon feasible space of each city system. A multi-dimensional piecewise linear approximation method and model transformation were applied to construct a scheduling and transformation model for the provincial power grid. The proposed approach enhances power supply security, achieving a 7.21% reduction in system operating costs and a 24.7% decrease in carbon emissions. These findings highlight the effectiveness of the security region approach in balancing safety, efficiency, and environmental objectives, providing a scalable solution for interconnected power grids.
Environmental and human health impact of recycle concrete powder: an emergy-based LCA approach
Authors: Manan Aneel , Pu Zhang , Sabri Mohanad Muayad , Alattyih Wael , Ahmad Jawad , Alzlfawi Abdullah
Published: January 2025

The construction sector extensively utilizes natural resources and energy, contributing significantly to greenhouse gas emissions (GHG). Concrete production, in particular, contributes notably to environmental pollution. This study investigates the environmental and human health impact of concrete production, focusing on parameters such as Portland Cement, organic chemicals, diesel, medium voltage electricity, crushed gravel, natural gas heat, lubricating oil, sand and tap water. It also evaluates the impact of replacing cement with recycled concrete powder (RCP) using a life cycle assessment (LCA) approach through OpenLCA 2.1 software and the Ecoinvent database. Four concrete mixes were assessed with recycled concrete powder substitution ratios of 0, 5%, 10%, and 15%. Key indicators analyzed include climate change, human toxicity, ionising radiation, ozone depletion, photochemical oxidant formation, ecosystem quality, and resource depletion. Results show that cement is the most environmentally harmful ingredient, while RCP substitution reduces environmental impacts and resource depletion. Notably, the analysis indicates that higher RCP content leads to reduce environmental impacts. Specifically, the mix containing 15% RCP showed substantial improvements, lowering ozone depletion impacts from 100% to 90% and photochemical oxidant formation from 100% to 92%. These findings provide valuable insights for construction industry stakeholders and policymakers, supporting the advancement of more sustainable construction practices. Future research should focus on optimizing RCP content, long-term performance, and techno-economic feasibility to enhance sustainable construction practices.
Gut microbiota trigger host liver immune responses that affect drug-metabolising enzymes
Authors: Rao Jiaoyu , Qiu Peng , Zhang Yonggang , Wang Xiaokang
Published: January 2025

There is increasing evidence that the intestinal microbiota plays an integral role in disease pathogenesis and treatment. Specifically, the intestinal microbiota significantly influences the pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of orally administered drugs through direct involvement in drug metabolism and, consequently, drug bioavailability. However, the gut microbiota also exerts immunoregulatory effects on the liver—the organ primarily responsible for drug metabolism—thereby indirectly impacting the body’s capacity to metabolise and process drugs. Individual differences in this pathway substantially contribute to the variability in clinical drug treatment outcomes observed between patients. This review examines the impact of liver immune responses, as triggered by the intestinal microbiota, on the activity of drug-metabolising enzymes and discusses the implications for precision medicine.
The association of visceral fat metabolism score with hyperuricemia—evidence from NHANES 1999–2018
Authors: Xie Lin , Qu Huali , Lai Dandan , Li Juan , Chen Xushan , Xie Jiajia
Published: January 2025

Objectives

Despite substantial evidence that visceral obesity is an epidemiological risk factor for hyperuricemia (HUA), studies on the connection between the Metabolic Score for Visceral Fat (METS-VF) and HUA remain insufficient. This research focused on METS-VF’s potential role as a risk factor for HUA.

Methods

Notably, 8,659 participants from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) from 1999 to 2018 were enrolled in this study. Propensity score matching (PSM), multivariate logistic regression analysis, subgroup analysis, interaction test, and restricted cubic spline (RCS) analysis were implemented to identify the correlation between METS-VF and HUA.

Results

In the fully adjusted model, the results of the multiple logistic regression analysis indicated that METS-VF was related to an elevated prevalence of HUA [before PSM: odds ratio (OR) = 3.51 (2.88, 4.27), p < 0.001; after PSM: OR = 2.90 (2.36, 3.58), p < 0.001]. In RCS analysis, a non-linear positive correlation was observed between METS-VF and the incidence of HUA (before PSM: p-non-linear <0.001; after PSM: p-non-linear = 0.0065). Subgroup analysis and interaction tests revealed that the impact of METS-VF on HUA was modified by sex and ethnicity.

Conclusion

There is a significant positive correlation between METS-VF and HUA in adults in the United States. METS-VF could serve as a valuable metric for assessing the development and progression of HUA.
Relationship between pregnant women's combined exposure to heavy metals and their offspring's congenital heart defects in Lanzhou, China
Authors: Chen Lulu , Zhao Yaqin , Sun Jianhao , Jiao Xinjuan , Wu Zhenzhen , Wang Jian , Qiu Jie , Mao Baohong , Liu Qing
Published: January 2025

Background

Previous research has demonstrated that exposure to individual heavy metals elevates the incidence rate of congenital heart defects (CHDs). However, there is a paucity of data concerning the relationship between combined exposure to multiple heavy metals and the occurrence of CHDs. This study seeks to investigate the association between combined heavy metal exposure in pregnant women and the incidence of CHDs in their offspring in Lanzhou, China.

Methods

We conducted a comprehensive review of the birth cohort study undertaken at our hospital from 2010 to 2012, with the objective of investigating the association between combined heavy metal exposure in pregnant women and the incidence of CHDs in their offspring. This analysis was performed utilizing a multifactorial conditional logistic regression model.

Result

A nested case-control study was conducted involving 97 case groups and 194 control groups. The median concentrations of nickel (Ni), barium (Ba), lead (Pb), and titanium (Ti) in the blood of pregnant women were measured at 25.58 μg/L, 84.38 μg/L, 69.67 μg/L, and 304.65 μg/L, respectively. The research identified a significant correlation between the concentrations of Ni, Pb, and Ti in the blood of pregnant women and the risk of CHDs (P < 0.05). The optimal cut-off for heavy metals in pregnant women's blood was determined using the ROC curve. Levels below this threshold indicated low exposure, while levels at or above it indicated high exposure. In comparison to low exposure levels, high exposure to nickel (≥189.29 μg/L) in pregnant women was associated with a 2.098-fold increase in the risk of CHDs in their offspring (OR = 3.098, 95% CI: 1.322–7.260). Similarly, high lead exposure (≥86.70 μg/L) resulted in a 1.192-fold increase in the risk of CHDs in offspring (OR = 2.192, 95% CI: 1.021–4.707). Furthermore, high exposure to titanium (≥404.22 μg/L) was linked to a 3.065-fold increase in the risk of CHDs in offspring (OR = 4.065, 95% CI: 1.887–8.758). When compared to low exposure levels, the combined exposure to four heavy metals in the blood of pregnant women is linked to a 4.946-fold increased risk of CHDs in their offspring (OR= 5.946, 95% CI: 2.872–12.309). A significant correlation was observed between Ti exposure levels and the combined exposure levels of four heavy metals in pregnant women, with respect to the risk of isolated CHDs and multiple CHDs (P < 0.05). Additionally, high Ni exposure levels in pregnant women are associated with an increased risk of multiple CHDs (OR 4.321, 95% CI: 1.646–11.348).

Conclusion

The cumulative exposure levels of Ni, Ba, Pb, and Ti in the blood of pregnant women are correlated with an elevated risk of CHDs in their offspring.
How successfully do immigrant parents transfer their voting behavior to their offspring?
Authors: Bozhinoska Lazarova Monika , Spörlein Christoph
Published: January 2025

This study integrates political socialization theory and behavioral genetics to disentangle the mechanisms underlying differences in the intergenerational transmission of voter turnout in majority and immigrant families. The pathways shaping the intergenerational transmission of electoral participation are examined through variations in political exposure within families, offspring’s social engagement in the host country, and the socioeconomic status of the family. We base our analysis on data from the German TwinLife study, comparing majority adolescents with first-generation, second-generation and 2.5th generation immigrants using a genetically sensitive multilevel research design. Focusing on electoral participation, we find that within-family transmission is disrupted for second-generation and 2.5-generation immigrants, whereas there is no difference between native citizens and first-generation immigrants. Taken together, within-family political exposure, social engagement and socioeconomic status only weakly explain the observed gap in intergenerational transmission.
Contributions of Hope in physical activity and exercise goal attainment in college students
Authors: Blythe Corinthian E. B. , Nishio Hayami H. , Wright Alyssa , Flores Perla , Rand Kevin L. , Naugle Kelly M.
Published: January 2025

Background

College students significantly decrease physical activity (PA) over the course of a four-year degree, increasing the risk for chronic disease. Research shows that psychological constructs impact behavior and goal attainment. However, little is known regarding the effect of psychological variables on PA levels in students. This study examined the association of psychological factors, PA, and exercise goals in college students.

Methods

Students completed two questionnaires within one semester approximately 8 weeks apart. The first (Time 1) included the Adult Hope Scale, Life Orientation Test-Revised, Self-Efficacy to Regulate Exercise, International Physical Activity Questionnaire (IPAQ), and goal assessments. The second (Time 2) included the IPAQ, and scales for goal progress and success. One-hundred seven participants completed both surveys and included an exercise goal.

Results

Predictors of exercise goal attainment included moderate PA at Time 1, goal importance, hope-agency, and the hope-agency by major interaction. Predictors of vigorous PA at Time 2 included hope-agency and moderate PA. The only predictor of moderate PA at Time 2 was moderate PA at Time 1. The only predictor of total PA at Time 2 was moderate PA at Time 1.

Conclusion

Higher hope-agency scores predicted self-reported vigorous PA. We also provide evidence that trait hope influences perceived exercise goal achievement over time.
The emotions of Chinese netizens toward the opening-up policies for COVID-19: panic, trust, and acceptance
Authors: Dang Qiong , Li Yifei , Chen Suping
Published: January 2025

With the development of social media platforms such as Weibo, they have provided a broad platform for the expression of public sentiments during the pandemic. This study aims to explore the emotional attitudes of Chinese netizens toward the COVID-19 opening-up policies and their related thematic characteristics. Using Python, 145,851 texts were collected from the Weibo platform. Sentiment analysis and topic modeling techniques were employed to reveal the distribution of public emotions and key themes. The study found that the proportions of emotions were as follows: Good (46%), Happy (11%), Anger (17%), Disgust (6%), Sadness (10%), Surprise (2%), and Fear (8%). Through topic analysis, the following main themes were identified: medical resource shortages, healthcare workers, national policies, and COVID-19 sequelae. Based on the results of sentiment and topic analysis, public emotions toward the COVID-19 opening-up policies were categorized into three dimensions: panic, trust, and acceptance. Panic was primarily associated with medical resource shortages, concerns about COVID-19 sequelae, and doubts about policy transparency and fairness. Trust was reflected in public gratitude toward healthcare workers and support for national policies. Acceptance represented the public’s optimism about returning to normal life. The findings demonstrate that changes in public emotions not only reflect the social impact of policy implementation but also highlight the critical roles of medical resource allocation, information transparency, and psychological health support in adjusting pandemic policies. This study provides empirical evidence and theoretical support for the government to develop more precise pandemic control strategies.
Molecular Mechanisms Underlying Resistance to Bacillus thuringiensis Cry Toxins in Lepidopteran Pests: An Updated Research Perspective
Authors: Hu Deqin , Wang Dongmei , Pan Hongsheng , Liu Xiaoning
Published: January 2025

Genetically modified crops that produce insecticidal proteins from Bacillus thuringiensis (Bt) are currently the most efficient and safest method of pest control worldwide. However, the prolonged planting period has led to a reduction in the efficacy of Bt crops due to the evolution of pest resistance in the field. This review paper examines the resistance status of lepidopteran pests to Bt crops under field conditions, elucidates the molecular mechanism underlying their resistance to Bt Cry toxins, and discusses resistance management strategies based on these mechanisms. Extensive research has demonstrated that mutations and alterations in expression patterns of midgut receptor genes are closely associated with Bt resistance. As our understanding of molecular mechanisms progresses, several innovative approaches such as DNA molecular detection techniques, engineering modified Cry toxins, and combining Bt toxin with RNAi technology have been developed for effective pest control measures. Future research will further unravel the intricate molecular mechanisms underlying this phenomenon to develop scientifically sound integrated pest management strategies.
Neonatal Abandonment and Hydrocephalus in Antillean Manatees (Trichechus manatus manatus): Is There a Causal Relationship?
Authors: Santos Tiago F. S. , Moura Márcio A. O. , Tavares Gabriel S. F. , Siqueira Julyanne S. , Sarmento Natália M. F. P. , Prado Robert G. S. , Costa Alexandra F. , Amaral Tayanna M. M. M. , Emin-Lima Renata , Sousa Maura E. M. , Moreira Júnior Reginaldo H. M. , Bezerra Júnior Pedro S. , Riet-Correa Gabriela , Cerqueira Valíria D.
Published: January 2025

Manatees are semi-social animals, with the mother–calf relationship being considered long-lasting for the species. However, some events lead to the separation of this pair. Orphaned manatee calves can be adopted by other females of the same species. However, if this does not happen and a healthy calf strand is rescued, immediate release represents the best option for the individual. But when immediate release becomes unviable, the animals are taken to rehabilitation centers and can die from various causes. A newborn Antillean manatee was rescued in the north of Brazil, and the attempt at immediate release was unsuccessful; three months later, the animal died. At necropsy, it was observed that the brain was soft and friable, collapsing when placed on a surface, with the corpus callosum region able to be ruptured easily and the cerebral hemispheres lying flaccid. The analysis of serial sections of the brain showed dilated lateral ventricles and a reduction in white matter, making it possible to affirm the presence of congenital hydrocephalus, the main factor that may have led to the abandonment of the offspring.
Evaluating Ecosystem Characteristics and Ecological Carrying Capacity for Marine Fauna Stock Enhancement Within a Marine Ranching System
Authors: Feng Jie , Yu Haolin , Wu Lingjuan , Yuan Chao , Zhao Xiaolong , Sun Huiying , Cheng Cheng , Li Yifei , Sun Jingyi , Li Yan , Wang Xiaolong , Shang Yongjun , Xu Jiangling , Zhang Tao
Published: January 2025

China has recently launched extensive marine ranching projects, highlighting the need for scientific evaluation of ecosystem structure and function to guide their development. This study established two energy flow models and an evaluation index system to assess the structure, function, carrying capacity, and ecological status of both a marine ranching ecosystem and a nearby control site in the Beibu Gulf. The results show that the ranching ecosystem outperformed the control ecosystem in terms of food chain length, system size, and ecological carrying capacity of economically important species. The ranching ecosystem was classified as “relatively good”, while the control ecosystem was deemed “relatively poor”, which may confirm the success of the ranching efforts. Mussels, large crabs, and scorpaenidae were identified as key species for stock enhancement based on their biomass potential. Scenario simulations using Ecosim, driven by biomass and fishing factors, indicate that stock enhancement strategies targeting MOB (mussels, oysters, and barnacles) significantly improved the ranching ecosystem, raising its status to “good”. However, the simulations also revealed that stock enhancement had limited effects on optimizing food web structure, system organization, and energy transfer efficiency, suggesting that a combination of strategies is necessary for further improvement.
A Prospective Study Investigating the Health Outcomes of Bitches Neutered Prepubertally or Post-Pubertally
Authors: Moxon Rachel , Freeman Sarah L. , Payne Richard M. , Corr Sandra , England Gary C. W.
Published: January 2025

There are scant studies of associations between the pubertal status at neutering and subsequent health outcomes of female dogs. This study examined health data for Labrador and Golden Retriever crossbreed bitches neutered by ovariohysterectomy either before (PrePN, n = 155) or after (PostPN, n = 151) puberty using a prospective study design. Data were extracted from an electronic database containing detailed health records for all bitches. Cruciate ligament disease occurred in significantly more PrePN (n = 11) than PostPN bitches (n = 1; Yates Chi-square = 6.784, D.F. = 1, p = 0.009), and PrePN bitches had lower probabilities of remaining free from osteoarthritis (χ2 = 5.777, D.F. = 1, p = 0.016). Additionally, PrePN bitches were diagnosed with atopic dermatitis (PrePN: 3.9 ± 0.6 years, PostPN: 1.6 ± 0.3 years; Mann–Whitney U test = 90.5, p = 0.008) and perivulval dermatitis (PrePN: 4.7 ± 0.9 years, PostPN: 0.8 ± 0.1 years; Mann–Whitney U test = 40.0, p = 0.002) at significantly older ages and had lower probabilities of remaining free from otitis externa (χ2 = 7.090, D.F. = 1, p = 0.008). No associations were identified between the pubertal status at neutering and the incidence of any urogenital disease, including urinary incontinence, which was diagnosed in a small number of bitches (one PrePN and six PostPN). The results suggest that prepubertal neutering may have a detrimental effect on some future musculoskeletal and immune diseases in bitches of these crossbreeds, providing important information to support neutering policies and to help maintain optimal dog welfare.
Sex Determination in Reptiles: A Review
Authors: Vetere Alessandro , Capasso Michele , Di Ianni Francesco
Published: January 2025

Reptile biodiversity is rapidly declining, with over 11,733 recognized species across 1226 genera being documented, many of which are endangered. Captive breeding programs play a crucial role in conservation; however, effective management requires accurate sex determination, especially due to the fact that many reptile species exhibit minimal or no sexual dimorphism. When present, sexual dimorphism manifests as differences such as size, coloration, and morphological features influenced by evolutionary pressures and hormones. Various sex determination techniques are employed due to the lack of external sexual characteristics in many species. These methods include probing, hydrostatic eversion, popping, ultrasound, CT, radiography, contrast radiography, endoscopy, and genotypic sex determination. Accurate sex determination is crucial for the success of captive breeding programs and the conservation of reptile species. Advanced imaging and molecular methods offer promising non-invasive alternatives but may not be universally accessible or effective. An understanding of the unique reproductive anatomy and the use of appropriate sexing techniques are fundamental to establishing breeding groups, preventing aggressive behaviours among groups, and ensuring the long-term survival of endangered reptile populations.
Effects of Dietary Coated Folic Acid and Folic Acid Addition on Lactation Performance, Rumen Fermentation, and Hepatic Lipid Content in Early Lactation Dairy Cows
Authors: Sun Nan , Zou Songming , Feng Jiaxin , Guo Gang , Liu Qiang , Zhang Yawei , Chen Lei , Huo Wenjie , Wang Cong
Published: January 2025

This study evaluated the influences of coated folic acid (CFA) and folic acid (FA) on lactation performance, apparent digestibility, rumen volatile fatty acid (VFA) production, blood metabolism, and hepatic lipid content in cows. A total of 140 Holstein cows were allocated to seven groups in a randomized block design. Cows in the control received no addition, those in the in low CFA (LCFA), medium CFA (MCFA), and high CFA (HCFA) groups received CFA at 135, 270, and 405 mg FA/d, and those in the low FA (LFA), medium FA (MFA), and high FA (HFA) groups received FA at 135, 270, and 405 mg/d. The experiment began 5 weeks before calving to 6 weeks after calving. When increasing the level of CFA, the fat-corrected milk (FCM), fat and protein yields, de novo fatty acid content, and feed efficiency increased linearly. A linear increase was observed for nutrient digestibility and ruminal total VFAs. The blood total protein, albumin, superoxide dismutase, glutathione peroxidase, and folate increased linearly, but blood non-esterified fatty acids and β-hydroxybutyric acid and hepatic lipids decreased linearly. When increasing the level of FA, the FCM and milk fat yields increased linearly, but the rumen total VFA increased quadratically. Compared with MFA, cows receiving MCFA had a greater milk yield and lower hepatic lipids. Overall, the addition of CFA increased the milk yield and decreased the hepatic lipid content in cows.
Parentage Verification and Segregation Distortion Patterns of Microsatellite Markers in Olive Flounder (Paralichthys olivaceus) Full-Sib Families
Authors: Gwon Songhyun , Kim Eunjeong , Lee Wonse , Han Jisung , Nam Yoonkwon
Published: January 2025

Microsatellite markers are widely used in aquaculture for genetic analysis and breeding programs, but challenges such as segregation distortion and allelic instability can impact their effectiveness in parentage verification and inheritance studies. This study evaluated 15 microsatellite loci in seven experimental olive flounder (Paralichthys olivaceus) families bred through 1:1 full-sibling crosses, assessing their utility for accurate parentage and inheritance stability. Parentage assignments were conducted within an expanded pool of 647 candidate parents (including the actual 14 parents), encompassing both closely related and moderately distant individuals. Despite increased genetic diversity, assignments maintained a high accuracy rate (99.6%), demonstrating marker robustness. Differences in delta values highlighted the influence of genetic backgrounds on assignment clarity, with some groups showing reduced distinctiveness in the expanded pool. Segregation distortion was observed at certain loci, deviating from Mendelian inheritance, likely due to meiotic drive and post-zygotic selection. These findings underscore the need for empirical validation of microsatellite loci for stable inheritance and reliable parentage in diverse breeding programs, especially with genetically similar spawners.
The Role of Polyphenols in Abiotic Stress Tolerance and Their Antioxidant Properties to Scavenge Reactive Oxygen Species and Free Radicals
Authors: Rao Muhammad Junaid , Zheng Bingsong
Published: January 2025

Plants have evolved complex mechanisms to cope with diverse abiotic stresses, with the phenylpropanoid pathway playing a central role in stress adaptation. This pathway produces an array of secondary metabolites, particularly polyphenols, which serve multiple functions in plant growth, development, regulating cellular processes, and stress responses. Recent advances in understanding the molecular mechanisms underlying phenylpropanoid metabolism have revealed complex regulatory networks involving MYB transcription factors as master regulators and their interactions with stress signaling pathways. This review summarizes our current understanding of polyphenol-mediated stress adaptations in plants, emphasizing the regulation and function of key phenylpropanoid pathway compounds. We discussed how various abiotic stresses, including heat and chilling stress, drought, salinity, light stress, UV radiation, nanoparticles stress, chemical stress, and heavy metal toxicity, modulate phenylpropanoid metabolism and trigger the accumulation of specific polyphenolic compounds. The antioxidant properties of these metabolites, including phenolic acids, flavonoids, anthocyanins, lignin, and polyphenols, and their roles in reactive oxygen species scavenging, neutralizing free radicals, membrane stabilization, and osmotic adjustment are discussed. Understanding these mechanisms and metabolic responses is crucial for developing stress-resilient crops and improving agricultural productivity under increasingly challenging environmental conditions. This review provides comprehensive insights into integrating phenylpropanoid metabolism with plant stress adaptation mechanisms, highlighting potential targets for enhancing crop stress tolerance through metabolic adjustment.
Mutations of the Electron Transport Chain Affect Lifespan and ROS Levels in C. elegans
Authors: Ősz Fanni , Nazir Aamir , Takács-Vellai Krisztina , Farkas Zsolt
Published: January 2025

Mutations in highly conserved genes encoding components of the electron transport chain (ETC) provide valuable insights into the mechanisms of oxidative stress and mitochondrial ROS (mtROS) in a wide range of diseases, including cancer, neurodegenerative disorders, and aging. This review explores the structure and function of the ETC in the context of its role in mtROS generation and regulation, emphasizing its dual roles in cellular damage and signaling. Using Caenorhabditis elegans as a model organism, we discuss how ETC mutations manifest as developmental abnormalities, lifespan alterations, and changes in mtROS levels. We highlight the utility of redox sensors in C. elegans for in vivo studies of reactive oxygen species, offering both quantitative and qualitative insights. Finally, we examine the potential of C. elegans as a platform for testing ETC-targeting drug candidates, including OXPHOS inhibitors, which represent promising avenues in cancer therapeutics. This review underscores the translational relevance of ETC research in C. elegans, bridging fundamental biology and therapeutic innovation.
Exercise-Intervened Circulating Extracellular Vesicles Alleviate Oxidative Stress in Cerebral Microvascular Endothelial Cells Under Hypertensive Plus Hypoxic Conditions
Authors: Sigdel Smara , Chen Shuzhen , Udoh Gideon , Wang Jinju
Published: January 2025

Our group has recently demonstrated that exercise intervention affects the release and function of bone marrow endothelial progenitor cell-derived extracellular vesicles (EVs) in transgenic hypertensive mice. Whether such an exercise regimen can impact circulating EVs (cEVs) remains unknown. In this study, we investigated the influence of exercise on cEV level and function. Transgenic hypertensive mice (Alb1-Ren) underwent 8-week treadmill exercise (10 m/min for 1 h, 5 days per week). Age- and sex-matched sedentary Alb1-Ren mice served as controls. cEVs were isolated from the blood of exercised and sedentary mice and are denoted as ET-cEV and nET-cEV, respectively. cEVs were labeled to determine their uptake efficiency and pathways. The functions of cEVs were assessed in an Angiotensin II (Ang II) plus hypoxia-injured cerebral microvascular endothelial cell (mBMEC) injury model. Cellular migration ability and oxidative stress were evaluated. We found that treadmill exercise stimulated cEV release, and ET-cEVs were more prone to be internalized by mBMECs. The ET-cEV internalization was mediated by macropinocytosis and endocytosis pathways. Functional studies showed that ET-cEVs can improve the compromised migration capability of mBMECs challenged by Ang II plus hypoxia. Additionally, ET-cEV treatment upregulated the expression of p-Akt/Akt in mBMECs. Compared to nET-cEVs, ET-cEVs significantly reduced ROS overproduction in Ang II plus hypoxia-injured mBMECs, associated with decreased Nox2 expression. All these findings suggest that exercise-intervened cEVs can protect cerebral microvascular endothelial cells against hypertensive and hypoxic injury.
Removal of Zn(II), Cu(II) and Pb(II) from Rainwater by White Bean Peel: Optimization by Response Surface Methodology
Authors: Cabral Gonçalo H. , Estrada Ana C. , Santos Patrícia S. M.
Published: January 2025

Potentially toxic elements (PTEs) have been found in high levels in rainwater, highlighting the importance of removing them when the water is intended for domestic use. In this work, white bean peel was evaluated as sorbent for the removal of a mixture of PTEs from rainwater, namely Zn(II), Cu(II) and Pb(II). A uniform experimental design was used to evaluate the sorption and to optimize the removal process by response surface methodology. The biosorbent reduced the PTEs concentration in the solution, and their removal increased with the increase of the initial concentration and with time. The removal of Cu(II) and Pb(II) was affected by the pH of the solution since, at pH 7.0 for Cu(II), and at pH 5.6 and 7.0 for Pb(II), a decrease occurred in the removal. The optimal conditions for removal, 6 h of contact time between the sorbent and the solution, were applied to rainwater samples spiked with the mixture of PTEs and resulted in removals of 30–90% for Zn(II), 11–78% for Cu(II), and 11–97% for Pb(II), generally lower than those expected by the models, 91% for Zn(II) and 52% for Cu(II), highlighting that the rainwater matrix interferes with the removal of PTEs by peel. However, the white bean peel may be an alternative as sorbent to reduce Zn(II), Cu(II), and Pb(II) concentrations in rainwater, since it is a natural and sustainable material.
Real-Time Optimization of RISC-V Processors Based on Branch Prediction and Division Data Dependency
Authors: Jin Zhiwei , Di Hesong , Hu Tingpeng , Wang Peng
Published: January 2025

Whether a processor can meet the real-time requirements of a system is a crucial factor affecting the security of real-time systems. Currently, the methods for evaluating hardware real-time performance and the quality of real-time performance are not comprehensive. To address these issues, a “Hardware Real-Time Parameter (Hrtp)” is proposed, which integrates the concepts of “whether it meets real-time system requirements”, “execution speed”, and “operational stability”. This parameter is used to evaluate the real-time performance of RISC-V processors before and after optimization. The processor is optimized for real-time performance using a “simplified local history branch predictor” and a “division data dependency module”. Experimental results show that the processor’s branch prediction accuracy and division calculation speed have both improved. When running the CoreMark benchmark program and the division test program, the test results improved, indicating an enhanced “real-time” performance of the hardware. The changes in the “Standalone Hardware Real-Time Performance Parameter (Hrtp)” data are consistent with theoretical analysis, and it can meet the evaluation needs for “hardware real-time performance”.
Generating Input Ground Motions for Seismic Risk Assessment Using Recorded Ground Motions from the Moderate Magnitude Earthquake
Authors: Ji Hae Yeon , Kim Jung Han
Published: January 2025

To secure the seismic performance of structures, seismic risk assessment is necessary to quantify safety against beyond-design-based earthquakes and seismic design. For the seismic risk assessment of structures, the input ground motions corresponding to the seismic intensity for evaluation are required as seismic loads, which must reflect the tectonic characteristics and site conditions. In this study, ground motions recorded in regions of low to moderate seismicity were used to generate examples of input ground motions for seismic risk assessment. A uniform hazard spectrum (UHS) was used as the target spectrum for risk assessment, following the guidelines. The magnitude and distance parameters of the scenario earthquake for seismic risk assessment were determined via hazard de-aggregation. The empirical Green’s function method (EGFM) was used to match the ground motion recorded at the site with the seismic intensity required for seismic risk assessment. In addition, a spectral matching process was applied to ensure that the input ground motion was compatible with the response spectrum used in seismic risk assessment. In this process, the convergence characteristics of the spectral matching to the target spectrum were analyzed. Consequently, the spectral conditions for selecting the ground motion for the seismic risk assessment were determined.
Emission Characteristics and Health Risk Assessment of Volatile Organic Compounds in Key Industries: A Case Study in the Central Plains of China
Authors: Liu Fengwei , Tong Lei , Luo Qingyue , Ling Yufei , Gu Hongyi , Lv Yangchao , Shi Anwei , Liu Hui , Xiao Hang , Huang Cenyan
Published: January 2025

Volatile organic compounds (VOCs), the precursors of ozone and fine particulate matter, are one of the atmospheric pollutants harmful to human health. The emission characteristics of VOCs in Anyang, a typical industrial city in the Central Plains of China, are unclear. To determine the emission level and composition of local VOCs, this study conducted on-site sampling of 20 factories in eight key industries. A total of 105 VOC species in seven categories were observed. The concentration of total VOCs emitted from the eight industries in order from large to small was as follows: packaging and printing > pharmaceutical > paint manufacturing > industrial coating > chemical industry > metal smelting > furniture manufacturing > textile printing and dyeing. In addition to industrial coating, the total VOCs and their corresponding ozone formation potential of organized emissions in seven industries (1.44–87.64, 1.52–181.61 mg/m3) were higher than those of unorganized emissions (0.38–24.17, 0.38–125.55 mg/m3). The VOC emissions were concentrated in the central, south-central, and south-eastern parts of the city, mainly from the factories in the packaging and printing, pharmaceutical, paint, and coating industries. The furniture manufacturing (4.55 × 10−3) and pharmaceutical (1.66 × 10−3) industries in organized emissions were at high risk of carcinogenesis, while the pharmaceutical industry in unorganized emissions (3.61 × 10−4) was at moderate risk of carcinogenesis. Naphthalene was the main high-risk compound. In terms of non-carcinogenic risk, the packaging and printing industry in organized emissions (228.51) and the metal smelting industry in unorganized emissions (16.16) had the highest risk, and the main high-risk compound was ethyl acetate.
Blastocyst-Derived Lactate as a Key Facilitator of Implantation
Authors: Gurner Kathryn H. , Gardner David K.
Published: January 2025

The blastocyst develops a unique metabolism that facilitates the creation of a specialized microenvironment at the site of implantation characterized by high levels of lactate and reduced pH. While historically perceived as a metabolic waste product, lactate serves as a signaling molecule which facilitates the invasion of surrounding tissues by cancers and promotes blood vessel formation during wound healing. However, the role of lactate in reproduction, particularly at the implantation site, is still being considered. Here, we detail the biological significance of the microenvironment created by the blastocyst at implantation, exploring the origin and significance of blastocyst-derived lactate, its functional role at the implantation site and how understanding this mediator of the maternal–fetal dialogue may help to improve implantation in assisted reproduction.
CYP24A1 DNA Methylation in Colorectal Cancer as Potential Prognostic and Predictive Markers
Authors: Zhou Ru-Hua , Li Lei , Ou Qing-Jian , Wang Yi-Fan , Fang Yu-Jing , Zhang Cai-Xia
Published: January 2025

The DNA methylation of CYP24A1 can regulate its gene expression and may play a role in the occurrence and progression of colorectal cancer (CRC). However, the association between CYP24A1 DNA methylation and the prognosis of CRC patients has not yet been reported. In this study, differential methylation analysis was conducted in both blood and tissue cohorts, and differential expression analysis was performed in the tissue cohort with in vitro validation. GO and KEGG enrichment analyses were performed on CYP24A1-related genes. A correlation between CYP24A1 promoter methylation and its gene expression was explored. Kaplan–Meier survival and Cox regression analyses were performed to investigate the impact of CYP24A1 DNA methylation on the prognosis of CRC patients. Prognostic risk scores were constructed for survival prediction. Immune infiltration analysis was also conducted. Our results showed that the hypermethylation of cg02712555 in tumor tissues (hazard ratio, 0.48; 95% confidence interval, 0.24–0.94; p = 0.032) and CpG site 41 in peripheral leukocytes (HR, 0.35; 95%CI, 0.14–0.84; p = 0.019) were both associated with decreased overall mortality in CRC patients. Prognostic risk scores showed robust predictive capabilities of these two CpG loci for the prognosis of CRC patients. CYP24A1 hypermethylation was positively correlated with infiltration levels of activated CD4 + T cells, activated CD8 + T cells, activated B cells, activated dendritic cells, and macrophages. Taken together, our findings indicate that the methylation levels of specific CpG sites within the CYP24A1 promoter region in blood leukocytes and tumors are potential prognostic and predictive markers for overall survival in CRC patients.
When Should the Treatment of Obesity in Thyroid Disease Begin?
Authors: Sutkowska Edyta , Kisiel Michał , Zubkiewicz-Kucharska Agnieszka
Published: January 2025

Obesity often coexists with thyroid diseases, and the prevalence of these disorders has been on the rise for years. While hypothyroidism can contribute to excess fat tissue, the relationship between Body Mass Index (BMI) and thyroid function hormones is bidirectional. Research confirms that fat tissue reduction can positively impact thyroid function. Thus, delaying the initiation of therapies beyond substitution treatment to achieve optimal weight reduction in individuals with thyroid dysfunction seems unwarranted. The authors summarize current knowledge on this topic in the article.
Potential Modulatory Role of Phoenixin-14 in Epithelial–Mesenchymal Transition of Endometriotic 12Z Cells
Authors: Kulinska Karolina Iwona , Wierzbicka Magdalena , Dera-Szymanowska Anna , Szymanowski Krzysztof , Andrusiewicz Mirosław , Wołuń-Cholewa Maria
Published: January 2025

Background/Objectives: Endometriosis is a painful chronic condition in which the endometrium grows outside the uterus. The epithelial–mesenchymal transition (EMT) is critical to endometriosis progression, where cells lose epithelial traits and gain invasiveness. Methods: This study investigates the effects of phoenixin-14 (PNX-14), a neuropeptide found at reduced levels in endometriosis patients, on the expression of two molecular EMT markers, CDH1 (E-cadherin) and THBS2 (thrombospondin 2), as well as cell viability in the endometriosis-derived 12Z cell line. Cells were treated with physiological (0.2 nM) and endometriosis-relevant (0.05 nM) concentrations of PNX-14. Gene expression was analyzed using RT-qPCR, while protein localization was assessed by immunocytochemistry. Cell viability was measured using an XTT assay. Results: THBS2 gene expression was significantly decreased, and CDH1 remained unchanged in cells stimulated by 0.05 nM PNX-14. Immunolocalization indicates a weaker THBS2 and CDH1 protein immunosignal reaction for 0.05 nM PNX-14. PNX-14 treatment also exhibited a biphasic effect on cell viability. Lower concentration initially decreased viability at 48 h but then significantly increased it at 72 h. This increase coincided with the decrease in THBS2 expression, suggesting a potential link between PNX-14, THBS2, and cell viability. Conclusions: A negative correlation between cell viability and the expression of both EMT markers further highlights their possible involvement in the survival and adaptability of ectopic epithelial cells. Our findings suggest a complex interplay between PNX-14, EMT markers, and cell viability in ectopic epithelial cells. PNX-14’s ability to modulate these factors warrants further investigation to elucidate its role in endometriosis.
The Interactive Effects of Fruit Intake Frequency and Serum miR-484 Levels as Biomarkers for Incident Type 2 Diabetes in a Prospective Cohort of the Spanish Adult Population: The Di@bet.es Study
Authors: Lago-Sampedro Ana , Oualla-Bachiri Wasima , Maldonado-Araque Cristina , Valdés Sergio , González-Molero Inmaculada , Doulatram-Gamgaram Viyey , Delgado Elias , Chaves Felipe J. , Castaño Luis , Calle-Pascual Alfonso , Franch-Nadal Josep , Rojo-Martínez Gemma , García-Serrano Sara , García-Escobar Eva
Published: January 2025

Background/Objectives: Although evidence suggests that miR-484 and several fruit components are involved in glucose metabolism and insulin resistance metabolic pathways, the relationship between serum miR-484 levels and fruit consumption in relation to the risk of Type 2 diabetes (T2DM) remains elusive. The aim of this study was to evaluate the possible association between serum miR-484 levels and fruit intake frequency with the risk of T2DM in the Spanish adult population. Methods: 2234 subjects from the Di@bet.es cohort study without T2DM at baseline were studied. Socio-demographic, anthropometric and clinical data were recorded, as well as responses to a questionnaire on habits, including frequency of fruit consumption (daily vs. occasional). T2DM was diagnosed at baseline and after 7.5 years of follow-up. Baseline serum miR-484 levels were measured using real-time qPCR and categorized based on the 25th percentile. Association analyses were performed using logistic regression models adjusted for potential confounders. Interaction effects were evaluated on the multiplicative and additive scales. Results: There was no association between miR-484 levels and fruit intake frequency. Categorized miR-484 levels and fruit consumption were inversely and independently associated with the likelihood of incident T2DM. Analysis of the interaction effect suggests the presence of both positive multiplicative and additive interactions between miR-484 categories and fruit consumption frequency. Conclusions: Our study demonstrates a protective effect of daily fruit intake and high miR-484 levels regarding the risk of T2DM and supports the nutritional recommendations advocating daily fruit consumption. This study also suggests that the combined effect of low miR-484 levels and occasional fruit intake may increase the risk of T2DM beyond their independent effects.