bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Problems with the problem of consciousness. Abstractions and pseudo-abstractions
Authors:   Russian State University for the Humanities, Molchanov Victor I.
Published: January 2023

The problem of consciousness is explored in the article from conceptual and terminologi­cal perspective. The question of the origins of the ambiguity of the relevant philosophical terms is discussed and relevant examples are given. The basic premise of the study is the as­sertion that abstraction works as a differentiation of differences that characterize and sep­arate kinds of experience. A methodological distinction is made between abstraction and pseudo-abstraction, which can bear the same name, in this case “consciousness”. Termi­nology is interpreted as naming of abstractions of different levels and of realizable expe­riences. The term “consciousness” denotes an element of the ultimate distinction “con­sciousness/objective world”, abstracted from a series of distinctions that characterize the types and levels of experience. Pseudo-abstraction is formed from a series of pre-ex­isting meanings of the word “consciousness” without regard to realizable types of experi­ence as types of distinctions. There are two main alternative trends in the formulation of the problem of consciousness – structural-genetic and phenomenological. The high­lighted tendencies have something in common: the vagueness of the meaning in the use of the word “consciousness” and its functioning as a pseudo-abstraction. The ideological aspect of the problem is also considered. The principle of empiricism is identified with the recognition of the primacy of the diversity of experience as the source of abstraction. An alternative is formulated concerning the problem of the unity of consciousness. Husserl’s argumentation, through which an attempt is made to single out the sphere of consciousness as independent of any type of objectivity and as self-sufficient is analyzed, as well as the way he introduces such terms as “consciousness”, “sensation”, “experi­ence”, “perception” “intentionality”. Husserl’s thought experiment, the purpose of which is to prove the identity of the sensation of color from a real and illusory object, is sub­jected to a detailed analysis.
The poetics of gentle cosmism
Authors:   Institute of Philosophy, Russian Academy of Sciences, Sosna Nina N.
Published: January 2023

The article analyzes an issue in Jane Bennett’s vital materialism project, namely, a spe­cific conjunction of ideas about active matter that produces various combinations of be­ings, including humans, and the possibility of this matter to articulate itself in language, including poetic forms. After a brief, but necessary discussion of some essential aspects of Bennett’s theory such as ontology based on postulates of elementary particles physics (particle collisions, resonance, isomorphism), affective ethics (partial actions based on the “positive” repetition of random impressions) and ecology (“courteous” attention to representatives of other species), the author suggests to strengthen the fluctuating nature of Bennett’s project and explore its extremes: the cosmic level of theorizing where even sympathy appears as a “gravitational” force and the level of linguistic articulation where various forms of indirect utterance, the “middle voice”, are involved. Despite the fact that between these two levels one can observe a certain isomorphism of a “weak” “non-dramatism”, the author concludes that the “physicality” of solarity and sympathy viewed as cosmic manifestations are not equal in weight to their own expression in poetic lan­guage in the spirit of Whitman or Thoreau (as exemplified in many by Bennett’s books). Therefore, these two components do not remain in the state of balance, even though Ben­nett repeatedly tries to use the concept of an interval, which is responsible for the discon­tinuation of the narratives of both types. In other words, the project shifts from a study of materiality towards its non-romantic “naming” only.
Naturally recovery of old crop fields in a South African Grassland biome
Authors: Coetzer Willem G. , Coetzer Kayleigh
Published: January 2023

Changing land-use practices has led to an increased rate of cropland abandonment in South Africa. Several soil quality studies have been conducted in the Eastern Cape Province of South Africa, mainly focusing on the impact of different cropping strategies on soil quality or the effect of different grazing practices on soil quality, only a few focusing on the effect of cropland abandonment and soil quality. We, therefore, aimed to assess the change in soil quality of differently aged, recovering old crop fields compared to the surrounding natural veld. The study site is located in the Winterberg Mountains of the Eastern Cape, South Africa. Standard soil characteristics were assessed for three recovering old crop fields. Samples from the surrounding natural habitat were also included for comparison. Significant positive change in soil water-holding capacity and carbon and nitrogen characteristics were observed with increased age since abandonment. Soil recovery is clearly taking place. It will, however, still take a significant amount of time for total recovery to be achieved. Continuous monitoring of old crop fields in agricultural, as well as, formally protected areas is needed to fully understand the long-term effects of cropping on soil quality in this region.
Effect of Block Size on BER Performance of Inverse Filtering Based MIMO FBMC
Authors: Srivast Mohit , Shukla Manoj Kumar , Singh Arun Kumar
Published: January 2023

Filter bank multicarrier (FBMC) is a novel next generation data transfer technique. FBMC has large number of benefits over conventional OFDM techniques. The FBMC scheme suffers from imaginary interference thus degrades the bit error rate (BER) performance at the receiver. In recent past ICI free Alamouti-coded FBMC, frame and block repetition schemes for BER improvement are discussed. However, in the analysis various interfering terms are neglected. In this work to reduce inter carrier interference (ICI) and inter symbol interference (ISI) concept of inverse filtering is applied without neglecting other interfering terms and mathematical equations are derived and BER is evaluated. The simulation results are presented and compared with state of art technologies and it has been found that the proposed scheme is better in comparison to to state of art technologies.
Genome Wide Association Analysis of Kernel Nutritional Quality in Two Natural Maize Populations
Authors: Wan Wenting , Wu Ying , Hu Die , Ye Fan , Wu Xiaopeng , Qi Xingyue , Liang Hangyu , Zhou Haiyang , Xue Jiquan , Xu Shutu , Zhang Xinghua
Published: January 2023

As one of three staple crops, nutritional traits in maize are important for human and animal nutrition. Grain quality-related traits are closely related to grain commercial value. Understanding the genetic basis of quality-related traits in maize would be helpful for breeding high-quality maize varieties. In this study, two association panels (AM122 and AM180) were subjected to genome-wide association analysis of grain quality-related traits, including protein content, oil content, starch content and fibre content. In total, 98 SNPs (P<1×10-4) were identified to be significantly associated with these four grain quality-related traits. By integrating two sets of public transcriptome data, 31 genes located in 200 kb regions flanking the associated SNP showed high expression during kernel development and were differentially expressed in two maize inbred lines, KA225 and KB035, with significantly different quality. These genes might regulate maize grain quality by participating in plant hormone processes, autophagy processes and others. All these results could provide important reference information for breeding high‑quality maize varieties.
The Use of Simulation for Undergraduate Surgical Education in Sub-Saharan Africa: A Scoping Review
Authors: Alayande Barnabas Tobi , Forbes Callum , Masimbi Ornella , KingPriest Paul , Shimelash Natnael , Wina Felix , Hey Matthew T. , Philipo Godfrey Sama , Abahuje Egide , Robertson Jamie M. , Yule Steven , Riviello Robert , Bekele Abebe
Published: January 2023

Background
The implementation of simulation-based learning for surgical training in sub-Saharan Africa can help prepare trainees to address surgical burden. The current status of simulation for surgical skills training in undergraduate medical education in Africa South of the Sahara needs to be better defined. In this scoping review we aimed to identify gaps in the application of simulation to undergraduate surgical education in sub-Saharan Africa.
Methods
We conducted a scoping literature search using PubMed, Embase, and African Index Medicus in August 2021. Studies reporting data on the use of simulation-based learning for undergraduate or internship surgical training in SSA specific to surgical clerkships, programs or procedures were included in the analysis. There were no language or date restrictions.
Results
We identified 119 studies and included 19 in the final analysis. Most simulation-based learning for undergraduate surgical training in sub-Saharan Africa began recently (2017–2021), and were reported from Eastern Africa (78%). Half were planned as recurring, sustained simulation programs, and only 25% of programs applied simulation to early undergraduate training. Up to 44% of primary care and 32% of first-level hospital essential surgical procedures, as defined by the Disease Control Priority Program (DCP3), are reported as taught by simulation. Only 15% of programs taught non-technical skills and 14% had engineering collaborations.
Conclusions
We found a lack of published simulation-based learning for undergraduate medical education in sub-Saharan Africa for 65% of World Health Organization/World Bank Disease Control Priorities 3-defined essential operations. There is need to expand the range and depth of content, and participant spread. Interdisciplinary, trans-sectoral collaboration will enrich simulation program quality, and assist with expansion to other African regions.
New and Old Criteria for diagnosing Celiac Disease: an observational study.
Authors: Accomando Salvatore , Piazza Ilenia Rita , Cacciatore Francesca , Corsello Giovanni , Giuffrè Mario
Published: January 2023

Background
The aim of our study is to compare two groups of celiac patients: the first one in which diagnosis was based on the New 2012 ESPGHAN criteria, and the second one based on the 1991 Revised Criteria in order to find relevant difference for sex, M/F ratio, age at diagnosis, clinical features at the onset, presence and prevalence of concomitant autoimmune disorders.
Methods
Our study involves 61 patients having the CD onset from February 2013 to February 2020. The patients who received diagnosis according to the New 2012 ESPGHAN Criteria were enrolled in group 1. The patients who received diagnosis according to the Revised 1991 Espghan Criteria were enrolled in group 2. Prevalence of comorbidities was analysed through chi-square test.
Results
In group 1 the prevalence of comorbidities such as IDDM and thyroiditis was of 53%, while in group 2 was only of 24%. Analysing the difference of the IDDM prevalence between the two groups we found a relevant difference. In the same way also the prevalence of thyroiditis was significantly different. In group 1, male patients, in particular, seem to have a higher incidence of CD related autoimmune disorders.
Conclusions
An increased prevalence of IDDM, thyroiditis and JIA in the first group shows that the new diagnostic criteria could expose patients to a greater lengthy of disease activity responsible for the onset of such comorbidities. Further studies should be carried out on more numerous samples of patient in order to confirm this data.
(Almost) all the humpback whales of the North Pacific: A collaborative and comprehensive photo-ID dataset
Authors: Cheeseman Ted , Southerland Ken , Acebes Jo Marie , Audley Katherina , Barlow Jay , Bejder Lars , Birdsall Caitlin , Bradford Amanda , Byington Josie , Calambokidis John , Cartwright Rachel , Cedarleaf Jen , Chavez Andrea Jacqueline García , Currie Jens , De Weerdt Joëlle , Doe Nicole , Doniol-Valcroze Thomas , Dracott Karina , Filatova Olga , Finn Rachel , Flynn Kiirsten , Ford John , Frisch-Jordán Astrid , Gabriele Christine , Goodwin Beth , Hayslip Craig , Hildering Jackie , Hill Marie , Jacobsen Jeff , Jones Meagan , Kobayashi Nozomi , Lyman Edward , Malleson Mark , Mamaev Evgeny , Loustalot Pamela Martínez , Masterman Annie , Matkin Craig , McMillan Christie , Moore Jeff , Moran John , Neilson Janet , Newell Hayley , Okabe Haruna , Olio Marilia , Pack Adam , Palacios Daniel , Pearson Heidi , Quintana-Rizzo Ester , Barragán Raul Fernando Ramírez , Ransome Nicola , Sharpe Fred , Shaw Tasli , Stack Stephanie , Staniland Iain , Straley Jan , Szabo Andrew , Teerlink Suzie , Titova Olga , Urban Jorge , Aswegen Martin van , Vinicius Marcel , von Ziegesar Olga , Witteveen Briana , Wray Janie , Yano Kymberly , Zwiefelhofer Denny , Rosales-Nanduca Hiram , Jiménez-López M. Esther , Clapham Phil
Published: January 2023

We present an ocean-basin-scale dataset that includes tail fluke photographic identification (photo-ID) and encounter data for the majority of living individual humpback whales (Megaptera novaeangliae) in the North Pacific Ocean. The dataset was built through a broad collaboration combining 39 separate curated photo-ID catalogs supplemented with community science data. All available images were compared using a recently developed machine learning artificial intelligence image recognition algorithm able to rapidly and accurately detect matches between individuals. For the study period of 2001 to 2021, a total of 27,956 unique individuals were documented in 157,379 encounters, with each individual encountered, on average, in 5.6 sampling periods (i.e., breeding and feeding seasons), and with an annual average of 87.1% of whales encountered in more than one season. The combined dataset and image recognition tool represents a living and accessible resource for collaborative, basin-wide studies of a keystone marine mammal in a time of rapid ecological change.
Novel antibacterial and apatite forming restorative composite resin incorporated with hydrated calcium silicate
Authors: Yang Song-Yi , Han A Ruem , Choi Ji-Won , Kim Kwang-Mahn , Kwon Jae-Sung
Published: January 2023

Background. White Portland cement is calcium silicate material. It exhibits antibacterial properties and is biocompatible. In addition, calcium silicate-based materials are known to release calcium ions and form apatite. The purpose of this study was to develop a novel bioactive restorative resin composite with antibacterial and apatite forming properties to prevent tooth caries at the interface of teeth and restorative materials, by incorporation of hydrated calcium silicate (hCS) derived from white Portland cement.
Methods. To prepare the experimental composite resins, a 30 wt.% light-curable resin matrix and 70 wt.% filler, which was mixed with hCS and silanized glass powder were prepared in following concentrations: 0, 17.5, 35.0 and 52.5 wt.% hCS filler. The depth of cure, flexural strength, water sorption, solubility, and antibacterial effect were tested. After immersion in artificial saliva solution for 15, 30, 60, and 90 days, ion concentration by ICP-MS and apatite formation using SEM-EDS, Raman spectroscopy and XRD from experimental specimens were analyzed.
Results. All experimental groups showed clinically acceptable depths of cure and flexural strength for the use as the restorative composite resin. Water sorption, solubility, released Ca and Si ions increased with the addition of hCS to the experimental composite resin. Experimental groups containing hCS showed greater antibacterial effects compared with the 0 wt.% hCS filler group (p<0.05). The 52.5 wt.% hCS filler group produced precipitates mainly composed of Ca and P detected as hydroxyapatite after immersion in artificial saliva solution for 30, 60, and 90 days.
Conclusions. This results show that composite resins containing hCS filler is effective in antibacterial effects. hCS has also apatite formation ability for reducing gap size of microleakage by accumulating hydroxyapatite precipitates at the restoration-tooth interface. Therefore, novel composite resin containing hCS is promising bioactive resin because of its clinically acceptable physiochemical properties, antibacterial properties, and self-sealing potential for prevention of microleakage for longer usage of restorations.
Genome-wide association study (GWAS) of host germline variation and the gut microbiome: The Multiethnic Cohort Study
Authors: Hullar Meredith , Curtis Keith , Li Yuqing , Lampe Johanna , Jenkins Isaac , Randolph Timothy , Lim Unhee , Wilkens Lynn , Marchand Loic Le , Kristal Bruce , Monroe Kristine , Zhao Kechen , Stram Daniel , Cheng Iona
Published: January 2023

Patterns of microbiome diversity vary across human populations largely driven by lifestyle and environmental factors. However, differences in genetically-encoded traits in the host may also be important in shaping the microbiome and related health outcomes. We report results from a GWAS of the gut microbiome in 5,202 individuals from the Multiethnic Cohort Study, including African American, Japanese American, Native Hawaiian, Latino, and White individuals. Genotyping was derived from previous studies (n = 3,337) using various Illumina Infinium arrays (660,000 to 2.5 million SNPs) and the MEGA EX array (n = 1,865). Single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) imputation was conducted using a cosmopolitan reference panel from the 1000 Genomes Project. The stool microbiome was assessed by paired-end sequencing (Illumina MiSeq) of the16S rRNA gene (V1 − 3). SNP-genera association tests were conducted using ordinal logistic regression with quintiles of bacterial abundance regressed on SNPs, adjusted for age, ancestry estimates, season of sample collection, batch, and genotyping study, using a genome-wide statistical significance threshold of p < 5*10− 8. We identified associations between 53 SNPs in 11 human chromosomes and 16 bacterial/archaeal genera at p < 5*10− 8.The SNPs in coding regions were categorized into broad categories: human genes known to be exploited by bacterial pathogens; genes involved in nutrition, obesity, diabetes, and cancer; and immune function. Most significantly, Bifidobacterium abundance was associated with 2 known SNPs on chromosome 2 (rs182549 p = 3.8*10− 11; rs4988235 4.8*10− 11) in the MCM6 gene that were involved in lactose intolerance overall and in Latinos (rs182549 p = 4.12*10− 09 and rs4988235 p = 6.90*10− 09) and replicated in other studies. A significant association between Coriobacteriales and CDH18 (rs7701767,p = 1.5*10− 08) was also replicated in East Asian cohorts. Genetic variants in non-coding regions were primarily associated with host defenses against infection via solubilizing pathogen cell membranes, restricting growth of intracellular pathogens, and triggering inflammation though innate immune response. Fusicatenibacter was associated with a SNP (rs8067381,p = 1.63*10− 6) found in non-coding regions between SOCS7 and ARHGAP23 and replicated in several East Asian cohort. Expansion into human cohorts to include racial and ethnic diversity in host genetics and microbiome interactions to support an understanding of health outcomes across the human population.
Phospholipid Bilayer Inspired Sandwich Structural Nanofibrous Membrane for Selective Water Harvesting and Release
Authors: Lai Yuekun , Yu Zhihua , Li Shuhui , Zhang Jichao , Zhou Zhijuan , Qin Ziqi , Liu Xiaojie , Fu Shaohai
Published: January 2023

Atmospheric water harvesting (AWH) has been broadly exploited to meet the challenge of water shortage. Despite the significant achievements of AWH, the unendurable water harvesting, inferior water release performance, and short service life hinder practical applications. Herein, inspired by the unique selective permeability of the phospholipid bilayer, a sandwich structural polyacrylonitrile nanofibrous membrane (San-PAN) was fabricated to improve the water sorption/desorption ability. The special wettability of the sandwich structure (hydrophobic-hydrophilic-hydrophobic) could confine the captured water in the hydrophilic layer and prevent the leakage of the hygroscopic salt, achieving continuable and recyclable water sorption/desorption. Notably, attributed to the high thermal conductivity of Ag particles in the inner layer, the water condensation, and heat transfer ability of San-PAN were remarkably enhanced. As demonstrated, the as-prepared AWH devices presented a high-efficient adsorption kinetics (4.08 g g-1at 25°C and 90% relative humidity). Thus, this work strengthens the understanding of the water sorption/desorption process and opens an avenue to the practical applications of wearable outdoor water supply equipment.
A Multicentre, Patient- and Assessor-blinded, Non-inferiority, Randomised and Controlled Phase Ii Trial to Compare Standard and Torque Teno Virus-guided Immunosuppression in Kidney Transplant Recipients in the First Year After Transplantation: Ttv Guide It
Authors: Haupenthal Frederik , Rahn Jette , Maggi Fabrizio , Gelas Fanny , Bourgeois Philippe , Hugo Christian , Jilma Bernd , Böhmig Georg A , Herkner Harald , Wolzt Michael , Doberer Konstantin , Vossen Matthias , Focosi Daniele , Neuwirt Hannes , Banas Bernhard , Banas Miriam , Budde Klemens , Viklicky Ondrej , Malvezzi Paolo , Rostaing Lionel , Rotmans Joris I , Bakker Stephan J.L , Eller Kathrin , Cejka Daniel , Perez Alberto Molina , Rodriguez-Arias David , König Franz , Bond Gregor
Published: January 2023

Background

Immunosuppression after kidney transplantation is mainly guided via plasma tacrolimus trough level, which cannot sufficiently predict allograft rejection and infection. The plasma load of the non-pathogenic and highly prevalent Torque Teno Virus (TTV) is associated with the immunosuppression of its host. Non-interventional studies suggest the use of TTV load to predict allograft rejection and infection. The primary objective of the current trial is to demonstrate the safety, tolerability and preliminary efficacy of TTV-guided immunosuppression.

Methods

For this purpose, a randomised, controlled, interventional, two-arm, non-inferiority, patient- and assessor-blinded, investigator-driven phase II trial was designed. A total of 260 stable, low-immunological-risk adult recipients of a kidney graft with tacrolimus-based immunosuppression and TTV infection after month 3 post-transplantation will be recruited in 13 academic centres in six European countries. Subjects will be randomised in a 1:1 ratio (allocation concealment) to receive tacrolimus either guided by TTV load or according to the local centre standard for 9 months. The primary composite endpoint includes the occurrence of infections, biopsy-proven allograft rejection, graft loss or death. The main secondary endpoints include estimated glomerular filtration rate, graft rejection detected by protocol biopsy at month 12 post-transplantation (including molecular microscopy), development of de novo donor-specific antibodies, health-related quality of life and drug adherence. In parallel, a comprehensive biobank will be established including plasma, serum, urine and whole blood. The date of the first enrolment was August 2022 and the planned end is April 2025.

Discussion

The assessment of individual kidney transplant recipient immune function might enable clinicians to personalise immunosuppression, thereby reducing infection and rejection. Moreover, the trial might act as a proof of principle for TTV-guided immunosuppression and thus pave the way for broader clinical applications, including as guidance for immune modulators or disease-modifying agents.
Trial registration: EU CT-Number: 2022-500024-30-00
Magnetoelectric Coupling in multiferroics Probed by Optical Second Harmonic Generation
Authors: Xu Shuai , Wang Jiesu , Chen Pan , Jin Kuijuan , Ma Cheng , Wu Shiyao , Guo Er-Jia , Ge Chen , Wang Can , Xu Xiulai , Yao Hongbao , Wang Jinyi , Xie Donggang , Wang Xinyan , Chang Kai , Bai Xuedong , Yang Guozhen
Published: January 2023

Magnetoelectric coupling, as a fundamental physical nature and with the potential to add functionality to devices while also reducing energy consumption, has been challenging to be probed in freestanding membranes or two-dimensional materials due to their instability and fragility. In this paper, we report a magnetoelectric coupling probed by optical second harmonic generation with external magnetic field, and show the manipulation of the ferroelectric and antiferromagnetic orders by the magnetic and thermal fields in BiFeO3 films epitaxially grown on the substrates and in the freestanding ones. Here we define an optical magnetoelectric-coupling constant, denoting the ability of controlling light-induced nonlinear polarization by the magnetic field, and found the magnetoelectric-coupling was suppressed by strain releasing but remain robust against thermal fluctuation for freestanding BiFeO3.
Pursuing carbon neutrality in China should enhance the resilience of its nitrogen-phosphorus coupled cycling network and also benefit food security
Authors: Luo Zimeng , Yu Yadong , Kharrazi Ali , Fath Brian , Matsubae Kazuyo , Liang Sai , Chen Dingjiang , Zhu Bing , Ma Tieju , Hu Shanying
Published: January 2023

Nitrogen (N) and phosphorus (P) are essential nutrients for living systems and play a central role in human food systems. While N and P pathways have been investigated individually in the literature, the N-P coupled cycling network has not received sufficient attention. The coupled nature of N and P cycling networks and the importance of their resilience for the future of food and energy systems is of critical importance for sustainable development. In this avenue, we use the material flow and ecological network analysis methods to construct the N-P coupled cycling network in China and evaluate its resilience. The results show that the resilience of China’s N-P coupled cycling network decreased during the 1980–2017 period and, given China’s goal of further carbon neutrality, resilience is expected to continue decreasing throughout the study period (until 2060). Furthermore, under our clean energy scenario, the N-P coupled cycling network will have a very substantial decrease in its resilience, especially in the N layer (by 20%). China’s socio-economic system also suffers the risk of great N emissions to the environment, thus disturbing the N cycle, and amplifying the conﬂict between energy and food systems given the scarcity of P. Our findings reveal trade-offs and synergies under future anthropogenic nexus scenarios and can equip policymakers to make more informed deliberations on the management of N and P cycling networks in China, e.g., reducing fertilizer use and food waste.
Expression and Purification of Functional SARS-CoV-2 RBD in E. coli for Therapeutic and Diagnostic Purposes
Authors: Ghaderi Hajarossadat , Shoari Alireza , Salehi Shima , Eskafi Ayda Hassanzadeh , Habibi-Anbouhi Mahdi , Cohan Reza Ahangari , Moazzami Reza , Behdani Mahdi
Published: January 2023

SARS-CoV-2 causes a severe respiratory disease known as COVID-19 and is responsible for a global viral pandemic. The SARS-CoV-2 receptor binding domain (RBD) is located on the spike protein (S), which is dedicated for identifying and binding to the angiotensin converting enzyme 2 (ACE2) receptor. The RBD is an important target for development of virus neutralizing antibodies, vaccines, and inhibitors. In this study, recombinant SARS-CoV-2 RBD was expressed in E. coli BL21 (DE3) and purified as well as its binding activity was determined. Purification was conducted by Ni-NTA column. ELISA and flow cytometry assays were conducted to evaluate the binding ability of recombinant RBD to different anti-RBD antibodies and native ACE2 receptor on HEK293A cells, respectively. ELISA results showed that antibodies produced in the human sera could bind to the recombinant RBD protein as well as the commercial anti-RBD antibody. Also, flow cytometry analysis showed that the recombinant RBD was able to bind to human ACE2 on the surface of HEK293A cells. Our outcomes displayed that the recombinant RBD expressed in E. coli strain has biological activity and can be used as an antigen for development of diagnosis kits and vaccines as well as a tool for screening drugs against SASR-CoV-2.
Perimenopausal Effects of Estradiol on Anhedonia and Psychosis Study (PEEPs): Study Protocol for a Neural and Molecular Mechanistic Clinical Trial {1}
Authors: Walsh Melissa J.M. , Gibson Kathryn , Hynd Megan , Eisenlohr-Moul Tory A. , Walsh Erin C. , Schiff Lauren , Jarskog Fred , Lalush David , Dichter Gabriel S. , Schiller Crystal E.
Published: January 2023

Background: The perimenopausal transition is accompanied by psychiatric symptoms in over 10% of women. Symptoms commonly include depressed mood and anhedonia and less commonly include psychosis. Psychiatric symptoms have been linked to the depletion and/or variability of circulating estradiol, and estradiol treatment reduces perimenopausal anhedonia and psychosis in some women. Estrogen fluctuations may disrupt function in the mesolimbic reward system in some women, leading to psychiatric symptoms like anhedonia or psychosis. The Perimenopausal Effects of Estradiol on Anhedonia and Psychosis Study (PEEPs) is a mechanistic clinical trial that aims to 1) identify relationships between perimenopausal-onset anhedonia and psychosis and neuromolecular markers of mesolimbic reward responses and 2) determine the extent to which estradiol treatment-induced changes in mesolimbic reward responses are associated with alleviation of perimenopausal onset anhedonia or psychosis.
Methods: This study will recruit 100 unmedicated women ages 44-55 in the late-stage perimenopausal transition, sampling across the range of mild-to-high anhedonia and absent-to-moderate psychosis symptoms. Patients will be randomized to receive either estradiol or placebo treatment for three weeks. Clinical outcome measures will include symptoms of anhedonia (measured with Snaith-Hamilton Pleasure Scale; SHAPS) and psychosis (measured with Brief Psychiatric Rating Scale; BPRS psychosis subscale) as well as neural markers of mesolimbic reward system functioning, including reward-related fMRI activation and PET-derived measure of striatal dopamine binding. Pre-treatment associations between 1) SHAPS/BPRS scores and 2) reward-related striatal dopamine binding/BOLD activation will be examined. Furthermore, longitudinal mixed models will be used to estimate 1) symptom and neuromolecular trajectories as a function of estradiol vs. placebo treatment and 2) how changes in reward-related striatal dopamine binding and BOLD activation predict variability in symptom trajectories in response to estradiol treatment.
Discussion: This clinical trial will be the first to characterize neural and molecular mechanisms by which estradiol treatment ameliorates anhedonia and psychosis symptoms during the perimenopausal transition, thus laying the groundwork for future biomarker research to predict susceptibility and prognosis and develop targeted treatments for perimenopausal psychiatric symptoms. Furthermore, in alignment with the National Institute for Mental Health Research Domain Criteria initiative, this trial will improve our understanding of a range of disorders characterized by anhedonia,psychosis, andreward system dysfunction.
Trial Registration: ClinicalTrials.gov Identifier: NCT05282277 {2a}
Antimicrobial peptide Mastoparan X has good activity against Escherichia coli in vitro and alleviates its pathogenicity in mice
Authors: Zhao Xueqin , Wang Lei , Zhu Chunling , Xue Xianghong , Xia Xiaojing , Wu Xilong , Bai Yueyu , Hu Jianhe
Published: January 2023

Background: Escherichia coli is a facultative anaerobic bacterium that exists in the gastrointestinal tract of humans and animals and can cause diarrhoea and enteritis. The antimicrobial peptide MPX is extracted from wasp venom and has a strong bactericidal effect on many bacteria. The aim of this study was to explore the mechanism by whichMPX kills E. coli in vitro, its effect on IPEC-J2 cells apoptosis and barrier function, and itstherapeutic effect on E. coli infection in mice.
Methods: In this study, the effects of MPX on E. coli were investigated in vitro, at cellular level and in vivo.
Results: The results showedthat the minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) of MPX against E. coli was 31.25 µg/mL. Scanning electron microscopy results showed that the bacteria became smaller in size and the contents leaked after treatment with MPX. In addition, theNPN, PI and DiSC3(5) results showed that the fluorescence intensity was positively correlated with MPX. MPX significantly inhibited E. coli biofilm formation. Moreover, MPX effectively alleviated IPEC-J2 cell apoptosis, regulated ZO-1, Occludin, and Claudin-1 through theRac1 pathway. H&E staining results further found that MPX could alleviate the pathological damage in intestine. qRT–PCR results showed that MPX could increase the mRNA expression of TFF3 in the jejunum and colon.
Conclusions: This study is the first time to explore the mechanism by which MPX kills E. coli in vitro, laying the foundation for the development of new drugs for the treatment of bacterial infections.
Designing an Expert System for Ranking Facial Attractiveness Based on Deep Learning and Fuzzy Inference System
Authors: Moridani Mohammad Karimi , Behbahani Soroor , Nejati Foojan ‎
Published: January 2023

Objective: A wide range of social consequences is attributed to face preferences, from mate choices and decisions about social relationships to hiring decisions, including fashion modeling and marketing issues. This paper aims to design and develop an expert system based on the fuzzy inference system (FIS) for ranking facial attractiveness.
Methods: Firstly, we reviewed the research on facial attractiveness and found that most papers do not use an expert system to rate the facial attractiveness of people. Therefore, this study used a deep learning method using a convolutional neural network (CNN) to recognize attractive faces. Then, with the help of the rules of the fuzzy inference system, an expert model was designed for ranking facial attractiveness.
Results: We demonstrated that the combination of FIS and CNN is highly effective and excellent at ranking facial attractiveness. Our method performs better than other methods we have investigated in a small amount of data. The mean and standard deviation values of sensitivity, specificity, precision, and accuracy of the proposed model for detecting attractive and unattractive faces were 99.46±0.03%, 99.35±0.01%, 98.99±0.02%, and 99.7±0.01%, respectively. In addition, we have obtained a mean prediction accuracy for ranking facial attractiveness as 99.53+0.06%.
Conclusion: We designed an expert ranking system for facial attractiveness to rank different faces according to facial structure features. As a result of our approach, we could also provide a deeper understanding of how FIS and CNN can recognize ranking facial attractiveness.
A quantitative feature extraction method for rotor shaft misalignment based on WNOFRFs
Authors: Haiying Haiying , Zhao Chencheng , Liu Yang , Gao Chunyue , Sbarufattia Claudio , Giglio Marco
Published: January 2023

Misalignment is a more commonly encountered malfunction. It generates reaction forces and moments in the coupling and causes the rotor vibrates excessively. Generally, the vibration responses of the shaft misaligned rotor are comprised of nonlinear components. Some widely focused linear feature extraction methods are incapable to extract the key nonlinear information. Nonlinear Output Frequency Response Functions (NOFRFs) weighted contribution rate (WNOFRFs) is a nonlinear feature extraction method developed from NOFRFs, which is a convenient frequency-domain analytical method for nonlinear systems. WNOFRFs have been deeply researched and applied in rotor fault diagnosis. The present research introduces the concept of Kull Back-Leibler (KL) divergence to WNOFRFs to derive an improved nonlinear feature extraction method, the improved WNOFRFs based on KL divergence (INWKL). As a novel indicator extracted by NWKL, KR is denoted and employed to identify rotor shaft misalignment. Dynamic simulation and experimental verification indicate the INWKL method is effective and superior. And KR is more favorable due to its higher sensitivity and comprehensive representation of nonlinear characteristics of rotor shaft misalignment. Moreover, it has strong stability to speed fluctuation and can detect misaligned angles of the rotor system quantitatively.
Evaluation of reconstruction methods and image noise levels concerning visual assessment of simulated liver lesions in 111In-octreotide SPECT imaging
Authors: Wikberg Emma , Essen Martijn van , Rydén Tobias , Svensson Johanna , Gjertsson Peter , Bernhardt Peter
Published: January 2023

Background: Early cancer detection is crucial for patients’ survival. The image quality in 111In-octreotide SPECT imaging could be improved by using Monte Carlo (MC)-based reconstruction. The aim of this observational study was to determine the detection rate of simulated liver lesions for MC-based ordered subset expectation maximization (OSEM) reconstruction compared to conventional attenuation-corrected OSEM reconstruction.
Methods: Thirty-seven SPECT/ CT examinations with 111In-octreotide were randomly selected. The inclusion criterion was no liver lesions at the time of examination and for the following three years. SPECT images of spheres representing lesions were simulated using MC. The raw data of the spheres were added to the raw data of the established healthy patients in 26 of the examinations, and the remaining 11 examinations were not modified. The images were reconstructed using conventional OSEM reconstruction with attenuation correction and post filtering (fAC OSEM) and MC-based OSEM reconstruction without and with post filtering (MC OSEM and fMC OSEM, respectively). The images were visually and blindly evaluated by a nuclear medicine specialist. The criteria evaluated were liver lesion yes or no, including coordinates if yes, with confidence level 1–3. The percentage of detected lesions and accuracy (percentage of correctly classified cases), as well as tumor-to-normal tissue concentration (TNC) ratios and signal-to-noise ratios (SNRs), were evaluated.
Results: The detection rates were 30.8% for fAC OSEM, 42.3% for fMC OSEM, and 50.0% for MC OSEM. The accuracies were 45.9% for fAC OSEM, 45.9% for fMC OSEM, and 54.1% for MC OSEM. The number of false positives was higher for MC OSEM. The observer’s confidence level was higher in filtered images than in unfiltered images. TNC ratios were significantly higher with MC OSEM and fMC OSEM than with AC OSEM, but SNRs were similar due to higher noise with MC OSEM.
Conclusion: One in two lesions were found using MC OSEM versus one in three using conventional reconstruction. TNC ratios were significantly improved using MC-based reconstruction, but the noise levels increased and consequently the confidence level of the observer decreased. For further improvements, image noise needs to be suppressed.
From 1.5ºC to 2.0ºC: the global increase in cooling degree days
Authors: Miranda Nicole , Lizana Jesus , Sparrow Sarah , Zachau-Walker Miriam , Wallom David , Khosla Radhika , McCulloch Malcolm
Published: January 2023

This paper shows the impact on global cooling demand of moving from a 1.5ºC to 2.0ºC temperature increase. African countries have the highest increase in cooling requirements. The United Kingdom, Switzerland, and Norway (traditionally unprepared for extreme heat) will suffer the largest relative cooling demand surges.
Chlorophyll-a prediction in tropical reservoirs as a function of hydroclimatic variability and water quality
Authors: Guimarães Bruna Monallize Duarte Moura , Neto Iran Eduardo Lima
Published: January 2023

The study goal was to determine spatio-temporal variations in chlorophyll-a (Chl-a) concentration using models that combine hydroclimatic and nutrient variables in 150 tropical reservoirs in Brazil. The investigation of seasonal variability indicated that Chl-a varied in response to changes in total nitrogen (TN), total phosphorus (TP), volume (V), and daily precipitation (P). Simple linear regression models showed that nutrients yielded better predictability of Chl-a than hydroclimatic variables. Fitted relationships between Chl-a and the above-mentioned parameters resulted in equations capable of representing algal temporal dynamics and blooms, with an average coefficient of determination of R² = 0.70. Chl-a blooms presented seasonal and interannual variability, being more frequent in periods of high precipitation and low volume. The equations demonstrate different Chl-a responses to the parameters. In general, Chl-a was positively related to TN and/or TP. However, in some cases (22%), high nutrient concentrations reduced Chl-a, which was attributed to limited phytoplankton growth driven by light deficiency due to increased turbidity. In 49% of the models, precipitation intensified Chl-a levels, which was related to increases in the nutrient concentration from external sources in rural watersheds. Contrastingly, 51% of the reservoirs faced a decrease in Chl-a with precipitation, which can be explained by the opposite effect of dilution of nutrient concentration at the reservoir inlet in urban watersheds. In terms of volume, in 67% of the reservoirs, water level reduction promoted an increase in Chl-a as a response of higher nutrient concentration. In the other cases, Chl-a decreased with lower water levels due to wind-induced destratification of the water column, which potentially decreased the internal nutrient release from bottom sediment. Finally, an application of the model to the two largest studied reservoirs showed greater sensitivity of Chl-a to changes in water use classes regarding variations in TN, followed by TP, V, and P.
Understanding heterogeneity and building capacity for research in long-term care and geriatric settings: a systematic qualitative review and conceptual mapping framework using mixed methods
Authors: Nguyen Quoc Dinh , Forget Marie-France , Zhang Xi Sophie , Richer Catherine , Podbielski Renata , Gaudreau Pierrette , Desmarais Philippe
Published: January 2023

Background
Older adults are underrepresented in research. Heterogeneity of research processes in this population, specifically in long-term care (LTC) and geriatric acute care (GAC), is not well described and may impede the design, planning, and conduct of research.
Objective
Identify, quantify, and map stakeholders, research stages, and transversal themes of research processes, to develop a mapping framework.
Methods
Multicomponent mixed methods study. An environmental scan was used to initiate a preliminary framework. We conducted a systematic literature search on process, barriers, and methods for clinical research in GAC and LTC to extract and update stakeholders, research stages, and themes. Importance and interactions of elements were synthesized via heatmaps by number of articles, mentions, and content intersections.
Results
For our initial framework, we surveyed 24 stakeholders. Of 9277 records, 68 articles were included with 12 stakeholders, 13 research stages, 17 transversal themes (either barriers, facilitators, general themes, or recommendations), and 1868 intersections. Differences in relative importance between LTC and GAC emerged for stakeholders (staff, managers vs. caregivers, ethics committees), and for research stages (funding, facility recruitment vs. ethics, individual recruitment). Crucial themes by stakeholders were collaboration for the research team; communication, trust, and human resources for managers; heterogeneity for patients and residents. A heatmap framework synthesizing vital stakeholders and themes per research stage was generated.
Conclusions
We identified and quantified the interactions between stakeholders, stages, and themes to characterize heterogeneity in LTC and GAC research. Our framework may serve as a blueprint to co-construct and improve each stage of the research process.
Water extract of Frankincense and Myrrh inhibits liver cancer progression and epithelial mesenchymal transition (EMT) through Wnt/β-catenin signaling
Authors: Lu Xian , Mao Jialei , Wang Yaodong , Huang Yonggang , Gu Maolin
Published: January 2023

Background
The Wnt/β-catenin signaling is closely related to epithelial mesenchymal transformation (EMT), which plays an important role in HCC invasion and metastasis. Frankincense and myrrh (FM) are anti-tumor agents commonly used in clinic. This study aimed to investigate the effect and mechanism of the water extract of FM on the progression of liver cancer cells.
Methods
Different concentrations of FM were applied to study cell proliferation of hepatocellular carcinoma cells. The ability of cell migration and invasion were detected by wound healing test and Transwell assay. Western blot was used to study the related protein levels of EMT and the Wnt/β-catenin signaling. The nuclear translocation of β-catenin was detected by the immunofluorescence assay.
Results
FM at a non-toxic dose significantly inhibited the invasion and metastasis of liver cancer cells. Furthermore, FM promotes EMT marker E-cadherin, while decreasing the expression of Vimentin and N-cadherin. Finally, the protein and the nuclear staining level of DVL2 and β-catenin were both suppressed by water extract of FM.
Conclusion
The water extract of FM inhibited the migration and invasion of liver cancer cells, and blocked the occurrence of EMT via suppressing the activation of Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway.
Driving Factors of Carbon Emissions in G20 Countries: A Weighted Average Structural Decomposition Approach
Authors: Hu Junfeng , Xia Yu , Li Muzi
Published: January 2023

As a major part of global development governance, G20 countries ' carbon emissions account for 80 % of global carbon emissions. In order to achieve the "carbon neutrality" goal proposed by the United Nations, it is important to compare and analyze the driving factors of carbon emissions in G20 countries and provide suggestions for their carbon elimination. Based on the carbon emission input-output data of seventeen countries out of G20 in the EORA database, this paper compares the driving factors of carbon emissions between the countries from 1990 to 2016 using the weighted average structural decomposition and K-mean model. This paper focus on four driving factors including carbon emission intensity, final demand structure, export structure and production structure. The carbon emission intensity and final demand structure are the main factors of carbon emission reduction and the other two factors have little effect. In G20 countries, Italy was in the first category because it does best on the final demand structure factor, however Australia is in the last category because it does not make full use of four factors. Therefore, the development of energy-saving technologies and adjustment of demand structure has become an important means for countries to transform and achieve carbon neutrality.