bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Une nouvelle peinture funéraire de Paphos à décor symbolique
Authors: Raptou Eustathios
Published: October 2014

The city of Nea Paphos is the only ancient city of Cyprus to have preserved much of the painted decoration of its buildings and tombs and the following paper aims to present a fresco that has recently come to light in one of the cemeteries of the city. The newly found painting was discovered on the right-hand side of the entranceway to the funerary chamber of a tomb of Hellenistic and Roman date and may be part of a larger decoration that has been destroyed. A human figure, possibly a young man, is depicted inside a frame created by branches bearing pomegranates. The figure is holding a fruit and is turned to his right, possibly towards another person. Behind him, an open mirror hangs from the wall over something that looks like a funerary monument. Although fragmentary, the scene depicts features that have a deeply symbolic meaning observed for the first time in Paphos. It presents an opportunity to examine new funerary iconography and discuss issues concerning afterlife beliefs in the ancient city.
Note sulla Laguna di Venezia in epoca Romana
Authors: Modrzewska-Pianetti Iwona
Published: October 2014

The author use key hydrographic, climatic and textual sources to reconstruct the changing landscape of the Venetian Lagoon, enabling us to track the alterations which have taken place here from Roman times up to the present day.
An Early Christian Pendant Amulet (?) in the Collection of the National Museum in Warsaw – a Philological Approach
Authors: Twardecki Alfred
Published: October 2014

This text is the publication of a talisman bearing a Greek text from Miletus which has been dated using palaeography to the 2nd-4th centuries AD. The author will examine and analyse the inscription to reach the conclusion that the item probably belonged to a Christian.
Selected International Aspects of the Crime Perpetrated in Katyń
Authors: Zemla Mateusz
Published: October 2014

The crime perpetrated in Katyń emerged in international politics during the times of World War II, but the Allies did not recognise the basic facts concerning the Soviet genocide perpetrated upon the Polish officers in Katyń. An objective stand upon the events which happened in Katyń was not taken with regard to the USSR. The present article, which has the nature of an overview, presents some of the aspects of the Katyń crime in the political and social history of the USA, Great Britain and Sweden. The denial or the tendency to pass over in silence the Soviet agency of this act of genocide met with animated social opposition of the representatives of the Polish community in the West. The latter used their own resources to sent a message of the truth about the events in Katyń to the citizens of some of the democratic countries in the West through the mass media and to commemorate the victims of the crime perpetrated in Katyń e.g. through the construction of monuments.
Fairness and Efficiency in Multiportfolio Optimization
Authors: Iancu Dan A. , Trichakis Nikolaos
Published: October 2014

We deal with the problem faced by a portfolio manager in charge of multiple accounts. We argue that because of market impact costs, this setting differs in several subtle ways from the classical (single account) case, with the key distinction being that the performance of each individual account typically depends on the trading strategies of other accounts, as well. We propose a novel, tractable approach for jointly optimizing the trading activities of all accounts and also splitting the associated market impact costs between the accounts. Our approach allows the manager to balance the conflicting objectives of maximizing the aggregate gains from joint optimization and distributing them across the accounts in an equitable way. We perform numerical studies that suggest that our approach outperforms existing methods employed in the industry or discussed in the literature.
Using What You Know: Patented Knowledge in Incumbent Firms and Employee Entrepreneurship
Authors: Gambardella Alfonso , Ganco Martin , Honoré Florence
Published: October 2014

Prior studies have shown that the acquisition of relevant knowledge by employees in existing firms is associated with the creation of new firms through employee entrepreneurship. Some researchers propose that the transition to entrepreneurship may be explained by established firms undervaluing knowledge created by employees, whereas other scholars maintain that firm strategies may lead to the underutilization of knowledge. We ask the question of which of these drivers is more pronounced as an explanation of employee entrepreneurship and what technological factors matter in this relationship. Analyzing a unique data set, we find that the likelihood of employee entrepreneurship increases with the inventor’s assessment of the value of a patent for an invention developed while at the incumbent firm but dramatically decreases when the invention protected by the patent is commercialized by the firm, licensed to third parties, interdependent with other firms’ inventions protected by patents, or technologically broad. We also find that conditional on high valuation by the inventor, a matching high valuation by the firm further increases the likelihood of transitioning to entrepreneurship. In combination, we show that a situation when both the inventor and the firm consider the invention valuable but the firm ends up not commercializing the invention is more predictive of employee entrepreneurship than simple differences in assessing the value of the invention. The study refines our understanding of the drivers of entrepreneurship by underscoring the “strategic” explanation of employee entrepreneurship.
Moving and handling issues in the delivery of chronic oedema management
Authors: Todd Marie , Key Margaret , Rice Margaret , Salmon Michelle
Published: October 2014

Lymphoedema therapists are faced with a range of moving and handling issues while carrying out daily treatment and assessment procedures for patients. Predicted increases in lifespan, comorbid long-term conditions and levels of obesity are having a worrying impact on the prevalence of chronic oedema and lymphoedema and will lead to a rise in moving and handling issues in treating these patients. This article discusses the development and audit of a tool aimed at reducing this load and, therefore, any further work-related chronic musculoskeletal and repetitive strain injuries.
Do the people make the place?
Authors: Rodgers Mark
Published: October 2014

This paper aims to summarise the influential research of psychologist Benjamin Schneider (1987) in an assessment of the relevance and applicability of his Attraction-Selection-Attrition model to the modern National Health Service in England. Schneider has developed a model to illustrate the notion that organisational structures and processes do not directly cause behaviours, attitudes and feelings among individuals. He suggests that the internal organisational environment is a function of individuals behaving within it. Schneider’s model is examined, and then implications of the ASA framework are applied and considered in a modern NHS context.
Resisting the urge to undervalue the future
Authors: Mackenzie James
Published: October 2014

To address the growing gulf between demand for services and the supply of resources available to meet demand, a shift in how the health system thinks about service delivery and long-term strategic planning is required. Placing emphasis on the future will support a more integrated and sustainable approach to developing the system. There is a need for a more expansive definition of quality in healthcare—a definition that is capable of providing a long-term strategic lens to decision-making. Although some bodies already include ‘sustainability’ as a domain of quality there is further development required as to how the health system can quantify sustainability. The health system does not currently embrace sustainability as a core part of quality because of the mistaken belief that sustainability detracts from quality through rationing resources. However, in reality, sustainability can enhance quality both for today and tomorrow.
Engagement between medical staff and managers
Authors: Williamson Stephanie
Published: October 2014

This article describes an attempt to understand the barriers to effective engagement between consultant medical staff and managers. The rightful involvement of medical staff in management places a burden on all participants to recognise the impact of professional subculture on perspective. The subcultural differences have a role in creating areas of conflict often resulting in the creation of sceptics. The impact of this conflict is to detract from organisational progression and transformation and creates an environment in which energy is expended on ‘translation and unblocking’. Research based around my own leadership role provided the framework to use a non-verbal tool, the montage, as a means of data collection. The findings indicate that the use of metaphor and image enable the participants to express both the positive but also the profoundly negative experiences powerfully and safely and by filtering and grouping the metaphors the researcher is able to identify key domains for action.
Reviewing clinical quality, productivity and risk impact
Authors: Chapman Paul
Published: October 2014

As part of the National Project for IT, the SystmOne Electronic Patient Record system was deployed across NHS Rotherham, including community services. The physiotherapy service found that having to input patient data via a keyboard slowed each practitioner down by 40 minutes per session. This resulted in significantly increased waiting times, and the loss of profession-specific information was perceived as a clinical risk. By introducing a digital pen and paper system to improve entry of physiotherapy data into the PCT’s shared patient database, the service not only recouped the lost time and eliminated a potential source of clinical risk; it also realised overall productivity gains of 35%. Clinicians can now treat an additional three new patients and an extra five returning patients per week, improving the delivery of care, reducing waiting lists and supporting the NHS QIPP agenda and the CQUIN framework. To date, 175 digital pens have been rolled out across a total of six community services—now part of The Rotherham NHS Foundation Trust—aiming to generate similar efficiencies.
Volatility in bed occupancy for emergency admissions
Authors: Jones Rod
Published: October 2014

The volatility associated with the average bed occupancy for emergency admissions is shown to follow complex long-term patterns. Such patterns in volatility arise from the interaction between the environment and human physiological and immunological processes. Hospital average bed occupancy should be sufficient to cope with the periods associated with maximum amplitude in volatility and it is at this point that current methods for sizing hospitals are woefully inadequate. By implication hospitals should be built with a higher number of available beds than in current practice. Supporting methodologies need to be developed to allow hospital managers to staff the occupied beds in a predictive manner rather than the available beds, to minimise staff costs but maximize patient care.
Delivering psychosocial interventions for offenders
Authors: Reid Matthew S
Published: October 2014

This article examines the implications surrounding psychosocial interventions for mentally disordered offenders. The article will discuss some of the problems experienced in implementing psychosocial interventions (PSI) towards different patient audiences, from both service users and staff perspectives. The article will also briefly highlight some of the various, most commonly used interventions, before discussing the effectiveness on the most commonly utilised therapies. The article concludes by discussing the recent implications for staff regarding psychosocial interventions from both a local and national perspective.
Cognitive behaviour therapy in a forensic rehabilitation service
Authors: Stewart Julie
Published: October 2014

The purpose of this article is to consider the applicability of cognitive behaviour therapy (CBT) within forensic mental health settings, primarily within a forensic mental health rehabilitation service. As such, the article takes cognisance of the fundamental aspects of implementing CBT-related to training, supervision and governance issues.
Treating alcohol dependence: 2012 audit of detoxifications
Authors: Fernandez Jeff
Published: October 2014

This article is examining the Coalition Government's push for drug and alcohol dependent patients of services, to be abstinent. This means being drug and alcohol ‘free’. This article argues this has always been the focus of all drug services and particularly in primary care. It illustrates this through the Islington Primary Care Service for Alcohol (PCAS) by outlining the role and clinical approach of a community alcohol detoxification. It then examines the yearly audit produced by PCAS and looks at the results of the cohort. This article further verifies that recovery is central to alcohol service provision. It also adds to the argument that disulfiram is important in enabling patients who detoxify for the first time, to stay ‘dry’. Further research may look at the gender breakdown in more details as this is above the national average for substance misuse treatment.
Prostate cancer: new guidelines
Authors: Peate Ian
Published: October 2014

NICE has recently updated its guidance on the diagnosis and treatment options for prostate cancer with some important recommendations for nurses, writes Ian Peate
Women and heart conditions
Authors: Kochhar Suneeta
Published: October 2014

New guidance on contraception in women with heart conditions has been released, writes Suneeta Kochhar
Cannula versus needle: which is best for the modern aesthetic practitioner?
Authors: Kubicka Barbara
Published: October 2014

As new products and techniques come onto the market, skilled and experienced aesthetic practitioners are able to offer their patients better and better results. In this article, Barbara Kubicka explores the latest cannula developments, outlining the advantages and disadvantages of using both cannulas and needles for non-surgical cosmetic procedures
Hyaluronic acid: essential properties and considerations for aesthetic practice
Authors: Fromage Gemma
Published: October 2014

Hyaluronic acid (HA) is present among all living organisms and plays an integral part in the maintenance and regulation of moisture within tissues owing to its high affinity for water. A number of factors affect the properties of HA fillers, including molecular weight, cross-linking and particle size. Correct adjustments of these properties could produce a more ‘ideal’ dermal filler
Prescribing vaccines in a travel health consultation: An update
Authors: Umeed Margaret
Published: October 2014

The increasing number of travellers from the UK has resulted in an increase in travel health-related consultations in a variety of locations. Providers of a travel health service must be competent not only in prescribing, but also in the processes of risk assessment and administering a variety of live and inactivated immunizations. Providers of such a service should ensure they have undertaken appropriate training and are involved with ongoing continuing professional development.
A simple introduction to pharmacokinetics: Part 1
Authors: Hughes Gwen
Published: October 2014

‘Why in tablet form and why before food?,’ ‘Why is this not a suitable drug–my patient has the same condition as yours?’ or ‘Why can't these be prescribed together?’ are questions you might have asked at one point. The answers fundamentally rely on an understanding of pharmacokinetics, or simply, what the body does to drugs. Appreciating the underlying principles of pharmacokinetics can be simple or complex (think equations, calculations and mathematical models). The first part of this two-part series focuses on the former with an aim to provide a basic, ‘no-frills’ overview of the main factors and considerations influencing the absorption and distribution of drugs and to help guide you towards answers for the ‘Whys’.
Tensión entre la democracia inclusiva y la mayoría: el matrimonio igualitario en el Congreso colombiano
Authors: Peña Huertas Rocío del Pilar , Parada Hernández María Mónica
Published: October 2014

La discusión sobre quién y cuándo se incluyen los derechos en las democracias es un tema no resuelto. Quienes abogan porque debe ser el legislador apoyan su argumentación en la base popular que tiene el parlamento y en las funciones que constitucionalmente le asisten; sin embargo, los detractores de esta corriente basan sus críticas en que el legislador, por su origen, está ligado a la opinión pública y que esto hace que difícilmente se pueda apartar del juicio de las mayorías, que en ocasiones va en contra de las minorías no representadas. En Colombia, con ocasión de la sentencia C-577 de 2011 —en la que la Corte Constitucional se pronunció sobre la constitucionalidad de dos expresiones del contrato de matrimonio— nuevamente la discusión sobre los derechos de las parejas LGBTI se ha puesto sobre la mesa. Si bien la Corte reconoció que resulta discriminatorio el hecho de que no exista una forma alternativa que cobije las uniones maritales de esta comunidad, esto no soluciona la situación. Por ello, hizo un llamado al legislador para que, en el término de dos años, regulara la materia y estableciera una posibilidad equivalente, dándole el nombre que a su parecer fuera correcto. De no hacerlo, añadió la Corte, las parejas LGBTI podrían acudir ante un notario o un juez para formalizar la unión mediante un contrato solemne. Este artículo parte de la presunción de que corresponde al legislador hacer la inclusión de los derechos de las comunidades, para este caso en particular, el derecho de las parejas LGBTI a unirse en matrimonio y conformar una familia. En ese sentido, el objetivo de este texto es evidenciar los elementos que requiere una legislación inclusiva en materia de derechos de la población LGBTI, reivindicando la figura del parlamento y su papel dentro del sistema democrático colombiano.
Consequências das Divergências entre os Estados no Desenvolvimento do “Espaço Schengen” da Europa
Authors: Laureano Abel , Rento Altina
Published: October 2014

A integração europeia foi concebida, desde o início, como assentando num sistema politicamente democrático e economicamente aberto, o que confere à liberdade de circulação um lugar primacial no desenho desta experiência de integração. Mas também é certo que a integração se viu dificultada, a partir de determinada altura, pelas crescentes divergências de interesses, de estratégias e de condições factuais entre os Estados envolvidos. Intimamente ligado à União Europeia, o "Espaço Schengen" também tem visto a sua edificação e evolução sujeitas às sobreditas disparidades estaduais, continuando a ressentir-se das inerentes indefinições, ineficiências e debates. Por isso, divide entre si os europeístas e os eurocépticos, face à plêiade de problemas em que se encontra imerso.
La conciliación en equidad ante el desplazamiento forzado. Reflexiones sobre sus posibilidades y límites
Authors: Castro-Herrera Fabio Saúl , Jaramillo Marín Jefferson
Published: October 2014

El objetivo del texto es analizar las posibilidades y límites de producción del campo jurídico de la justicia comunitaria en Colombia, en especial el desarrollo de procesos de conciliación en equidad, en el marco de condiciones sociales y poblaciones fracturadas por dinámicas de despojo y desplazamiento forzado. La reflexión es realizada a partir del acumulado investigativo en algunos estudios de caso en la Costa Caribe donde se realizaron procesos de conciliación en equidad, específicamente en los sectores de Loma de Peyé y el Pozón, ubicados en la ciudad de Cartagena, y Siete de abril y el Bosque, ubicados en la ciudad de Barranquilla.
El movimiento del derecho libre: una fuente de ideas que perviven hasta hoy en distintas teorías del derecho, incluso en el constituconalismo contemporáneo
Authors: Núñez Leiva José Ignacio
Published: October 2014

El presente trabajo analiza el Movimiento del Derecho Libre. Revisa y sistematiza sus principales postulados, todo con la intención de revelar las semejanzas que existen entre ellos y teorías del Derecho contemporáneas, especialmente aquellas surgidas al amparo del Constitucionalismo contemporáneo.
El concepto de validez del derecho.Una aproximación a la visión finnisiana
Authors: Hinestroza Cuesta Lisneider
Published: October 2014

El concepto de validez del derecho ha sido abordado por diferentes modelos teóricos. Este artículo es una reflexión sobre la noción de validez del derecho desde la visión del filósofo John Finnis. En la investigación,que es de cortedocumental, se concluye que el autor tiene una noción de validez del derecho diferente a la del iusnaturalismo tradicional, toma algunos elementos de esta corriente filosófica o doctrina, pero crea un concepto integrado por varios criterios.
Measuring facial symmetry: a perception-based approach using 3D shape and color
Authors: Berssenbrügge Philipp , Lingemann-Koch Maren , Abeler Amalia , Runte Christoph , Jung Susanne , Kleinheinz Johannes , Denz Cornelia , Dirksen Dieter
Published: October 2014

Facial symmetry is an important factor affecting esthetics. Thus, its restoration is an essential task in maxillofacial surgery. The aim of this study is to develop an objective measure of facial asymmetry by a novel approach where both the shape and the color are taken into account and to validate its correlation with perception.

Optical three-dimensional (3D) face scans of 30 healthy adults are performed. Face-specific asymmetry indices are calculated by quantifying color differences as well as spatial distances between 3D data of a face and its mirrored copy. Subjective ratings of symmetry and attractiveness of the faces by 100 subjects are used to validate these indices.

The symmetry ratings show significant correlations with color and geometric asymmetry indices. The attractiveness ratings correlate only weakly with both indices. However, the product of the indices exhibits significant correlations with both attractiveness and symmetry ratings.

The presented combined asymmetry index comprising shape and coloring turned out to reflect subjective perception of both facial symmetry and attractiveness. It thus promises to be a valid objective measure for facial esthetics, which could contribute, e.g., to the evaluation of surgical methods as well as to the design of craniofacial prostheses.
Protection and mechanism of action of a novel human respiratory syncytial virus vaccine candidate based on the extracellular domain of small hydrophobic protein
Authors: Schepens Bert , Sedeyn Koen , Vande Ginste Liesbeth , De Baets Sarah , Schotsaert Michael , Roose Kenny , Houspie Lieselot , Van Ranst Marc , Gilbert Brian , van Rooijen Nico , Fiers Walter , Piedra Pedro , Saelens Xavier
Published: October 2014

Infections with human respiratory syncytial virus (HRSV) occur globally in all age groups and can have devastating consequences in young infants. We demonstrate that a vaccine based on the extracellular domain (SHe) of the small hydrophobic (SH) protein of HRSV, reduced viral replication in challenged laboratory mice and in cotton rats. We show that this suppression of viral replication can be transferred by serum and depends on a functional IgG receptor compartment with a major contribution of FcγRI and FcγRIII. Using a conditional cell depletion method, we provide evidence that alveolar macrophages are involved in the protection by SHe‐specific antibodies. HRSV‐infected cells abundantly express SH on the cell surface and are likely the prime target of the humoral immune response elicited by SHe‐based vaccination. Finally, natural infection of humans and experimental infection of mice or cotton rats does not induce a strong immune response against HRSV SHe. Using SHe as a vaccine antigen induces immune protection against HRSV by a mechanism that differs from the natural immune response and from other HRSV vaccination strategies explored to date. Hence, HRSV vaccine candidates that aim at inducing protective neutralizing antibodies or T‐cell responses could be complemented with a SHe‐based antigen to further improve immune protection.
MECHANISMS IN ENDOCRINOLOGY: Main air pollutants and diabetes-associated mortality: a systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Li Chengqian , Fang Dongdong , Xu Donghua , Wang Bin , Zhao Shihua , Yan Shengli , Wang Yangang
Published: October 2014

Objective

Exposure to high levels of air pollutants may be linked to diabetes-associated mortality, but the associations remain unclear. To assess the associations between main air pollutants and diabetes-associated mortality, a systematic review and meta-analysis was performed.

Methods

PubMed, Embase and Web of Science were searched for studies investigating the associations between increments in gaseous (nitrogen dioxide (NO2), sulphur dioxide, ozone (O3) and carbon monoxide) and particulate matter (PM; diameter <2.5 μm (PM2.5) or <10 μm (PM10)) air pollutants and diabetes-associated mortality. Using a random-effects model, relative risks (RRs) and 95% CIs were calculated per interquartile range (IQR) increment or per 10 μg/m3increment in pollutant concentrations.

Results

Out of 925 identified articles, 36 were reviewed in depth and 12 studies from 13 articles satisfying the inclusion criteria (five time-series, five case-crossovers and two cohorts) were finally included. Increased risk of diabetes-associated mortality was associated with higher levels of PM2.5 (per 10 μg/m3: RR=1.123, 95% CI 1.036–1.217,P=0.005,I2=96.1%), PM10 (per 10 μg/m3: RR=1.008, 95% CI 1.004–1.013,P<0.001,I2=0%), NO2(per 10 μg/m3: RR=1.024, 95% CI 1.007–1.041,P=0.006,I2=49.7%) and O3(per IQR increment: RR=1.065, 95% CI 1.017–1.115,P=0.007,I2=0.0%). No obvious risk of publication bias was observed.

Conclusions

Exposure to high levels of air pollutants is significantly associated with an increased risk of diabetes-associated mortality.
MECHANISMS IN ENDOCRINOLOGY: Effect of long-term exposure to air pollution on type 2 diabetes mellitus risk: a systemic review and meta-analysis of cohort studies
Authors: Wang Bin , Xu Donghua , Jing Zhaohai , Liu Dawei , Yan Shengli , Wang Yangang
Published: October 2014

Objective

To assess the effect of long-term exposure to air pollution on type 2 diabetes risk, a meta-analysis of prospective cohort studies was performed.

Methods

Literature search was conducted with Pubmed, Embase, and Web of Science for prospective cohort studies investigating the association of type 2 diabetes risk with increments in particulate matter (PM, diameter <2.5 μm (PM2.5) or <10 μm (PM10)) or nitrogen dioxide (NO2). We used a random-effects model to calculate the overall relative risk (RR) with 95% CI.

Results

Of 808 identified articles, ten cohort studies were finally included, which involved a total of 2 371 907 participants and 21 095 incident cases of type 2 diabetes. Elevated risk of type 2 diabetes was significantly associated with long-term exposures to high levels of PM2.5 (RR=1.28, 95% CI 1.06–1.55,P=0.009,I2=83.5%), PM10 (RR=1.15, 95% CI 1.02–1.30,P=0.022,I2=0%), and NO2(RR=1.12, 95% CI 1.02–1.23,P=0.015,I2=63.5%). When using standardized risk estimates, the RRs of type 2 diabetes were significant for increments in concentrations of PM2.5 (1.39 per 10 μg/m3increment, 95% CI 1.14–1.68,P=0.001), PM10 (1.34 per 10 μg/m3increment, 95% CI 1.22–1.47,P<0.001), and NO2(1.11 per 10 μg/m3increment, 95% CI 1.07–1.16,P<0.001). No obvious evidence of publication bias was observed.

Conclusion

Long-term exposure to high levels of main air pollutants is significantly associated with elevated risk of type 2 diabetes mellitus.
Resveratrol and curcumin enhance pancreatic β-cell function by inhibiting phosphodiesterase activity
Authors: Rouse Michael , Younès Antoine , Egan Josephine M
Published: October 2014

Resveratrol (RES) and curcumin (CUR) are polyphenols that are found in fruits and turmeric, and possess medicinal properties that are beneficial in various diseases, such as heart disease, cancer, and type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). Results from recent studies have indicated that their therapeutic properties can be attributed to their anti-inflammatory effects. Owing to reports stating that they protect against β-cell dysfunction, we studied their mechanism(s) of action in β-cells. In T2DM, cAMP plays a critical role in glucose- and incretin-stimulated insulin secretion as well as overall pancreatic β-cell health. A potential therapeutic target in the management of T2DM lies in regulating the activity of phosphodiesterases (PDEs), which degrade cAMP. Both RES and CUR have been reported to act as PDE inhibitors in various cell types, but it remains unknown if they do so in pancreatic β-cells. In our current study, we found that both RES (0.1–10 μmol/l) and CUR (1–100 pmol/l)-regulated insulin secretion under glucose-stimulated conditions. Additionally, treating β-cell lines and human islets with these polyphenols led to increased intracellular cAMP levels in a manner similar to 3-isobutyl-1-methylxanthine, a classic PDE inhibitor. When we investigated the effects of RES and CUR on PDEs, we found that treatment significantly downregulated the mRNA expression of most of the 11 PDE isozymes, includingPDE3B,PDE8A, andPDE10A, which have been linked previously to regulation of insulin secretion in islets. Furthermore, RES and CUR inhibited PDE activity in a dose-dependent manner in β-cell lines and human islets. Collectively, we demonstrate a novel role for natural-occurring polyphenols as PDE inhibitors that enhance pancreatic β-cell function.
Architecting Real-Time Crowd-Powered Systems
Authors: Lasecki Walter S , Homan Christopher , Bigham Jeffrey P.
Published: October 2014

Human computation allows computer systems to leverage human intelligence in computational processes. While it has primarily been used for tasks that are not time-sensitive, recent systems use crowdsourcing to get on-demand, real-time, and even interactive results. In this paper, we present techniques for building real-time crowdsourcing systems, and then discuss how and when to use them. Our goal is to provide system builders with the tools and insights they need to replicate the success of modern systems in order to further explore this new space.
Learning to Count
Authors: Bateson Mary Catherine
Published: October 2014

Editor’s note: this is a reworking of Mary Catherine Bateson’s original piece on "Making a Difference”, which was the foreword to the Springer Handbook of Human Computation (2013).
Capacidad fitorremediadora de cinco especies altoandinas de suelos contaminados con metales pesados
Authors: Jara-Peña Enoc , Gómez José , Montoya Haydeé , Chanco Magda , Mariano Mauro , Cano Noema
Published: October 2014

La fitorremediación consiste en el uso de plantas para remediar in situ suelos, sedimentos, agua y aire contaminados por desechos orgánicos, nutrientes o metales pesados, eliminando los contaminantes del ambiente o haciéndolos inocuos. El trabajo fue realizado en condiciones de invernadero en el distrito de Lachaqui, Provincia de Canta, Departamento de Lima, de octubre de 2011 a octubre de 2012. Fueron evaluados veinte tratamientos con un diseño factorial completo 5 x 4: 5 especies alto andinas, y 4 sustratos con 30%, 60%,100% de relave de mina (RM) y suelo sin RM. La producción de biomasa disminuyó significativamente en Solanum nitidum, Brassica rapa, Fuertesimalva echinata y Urtica urens y Lupinus ballianus, con el tratamiento de 100% de relave de mina. La mayor eficiencia de acumulación de plomo y zinc fue obtenida en las raíces de Fuertesimalva echinata con el tratamiento de 100% de relave de mina, obteniendo 2015.1 mg de plomo kg-1 MS y 1024.2 mg de zinc kg-1 MS. En las raíces de L. ballianus fue obtenida la más alta acumulación de cadmio, con una concentración de 287.3 mg kg-1 MS con el tratamiento de 100% de relave de mina. Fuertesimalva echinata presentó el mayor índice de tolerancia (IT) al tratamiento de 100% de relave de mina, con un IT de 41.5%, pero, S. nitidum y L. ballianus presentaron el mayor IT al tratamiento de 60% de relave de mina con IT de 68.5% y 67.9.
Primer registro de Nemopalpus phoenimimos Quate & Alexander, 2000 (Diptera, Psychodidae, Bruchomyiinae) en Venezuela
Authors: Cazorla Dalmiro , Sánchez Mireya , Sánchez Yetsenia , Oraá Luzmary , Rondón Yorfer , Rojas Masyelly , Rujano María , Rondón Maritza , González Néstor , Nieves Elsa
Published: October 2014

Se registra por primera vez la presencia en Venezuela del díptero-psicódido de la subfamilia Bruchomyiinae Nemopalpus phoenimimos Quate & Alexander, 2000. Se capturaron dos especímenes a 2200 m de altitud en Escagüey (8°42’31.19”N; 70°59’41.25”W), estado Mérida, en la región andina de Venezuela. Este registro representa la segunda especie de Nemopalpus Macquart,1838 reportada para el país.
Hypanartia splendida Rothschild, 1903 (Lepidoptera, Nymphalidae, Nymphalini) una rara especie de la Selva Central de Perú
Authors: Grados Juan
Published: October 2014

La especie Hypanartia splendida Rothschild, 1903 fue descrita de Perú, no proporcionándose más datos acerca de la localidad tipo. Luego de 105 años, el 6 de abril de 2008, un ejemplar macho fue colectado en la parte alta del Parque Nacional Yanachaga-Chemillén, Pasco, Perú. Este es el primer ejemplar que cuenta con datos exactos de colecta.
Effects of photoperiod, plant growth regulators and culture media on in vitro growth of seedlings of Cyrtochilum loxense (Lindl.) Kraenzl. an endemic and endangered orchid from Ecuador
Authors: González Yadira , Cueva A. Augusta
Published: October 2014

Cyrtochilum loxense (Lindl.) Kraenzl. is an endemic and seriously endangered orchid species endemic in the Loja Province (Southern Ecuador). The main goals of this research were to analyze how culture media, plant growth regulators and photoperiod affect the growth of C. loxense. Eight month old plants (approximate 1 – 1.5 cm in height) obtained by in vitro germination, were cultivated on MS media or Knudson C; MS with three levels of naphthalene acetic acid (NAA) and 6-benzylaminopurine (BAP) (2/0.5; 1/0.5 y 0.5/ 0.5 mg-1L); and three photoperiodic regimes (24/0, 16/8, 8/16 h) on MS with and without plant growth regulators. No significant differences of shoot induction were observed on media with or without plant growth regulators, and all tested photoperiods. The highest growth (1.2 cm) was observed in plantlets cultivated on growth regulator-free media with a 16/8 photoperiod. Also the shoot and root formation was better in this species in absence of plant growth regulators. Probably this response is due to the endogenous hormone levels in the tissues or due to the kind and concentrations of PGRs used were too low to induce positive morphogenetic responses.
Charlotte Greenspan. “Pick Yourself Up”: Dorothy Fields and the American Musical
Authors: Goldsmith Melissa Ursula Dawn
Published: October 2014

Oxford and New York: Oxford University Press, 2010. [xxii, 298 p. ISBN: 9780195111101. $27.95 (hardcover)] Broadway Legacies. Illustrations, appendices, index, and songs, shows, and films index.
Bruce Johnson, ed. Earogenous Zones: Sound, Sexuality, and Cinema
Authors: Fonseca Tony
Published: October 2014

London and Oakville, CT: Equinox, 2010. [x, 246 p. ISBN 9781845533182. $29.95 (trade paper)] Genre, Music, and Sound. Figures, musical examples, tables, and index.
D. Kern Holoman. The Orchestra: A Very Short Introduction
Authors: Goldsmith Melissa Ursula Dawn
Published: October 2014

Oxford and New York: Oxford University Press, 2012. [iv, 158 pp. ISBN: 9780199760282. $11.95 (trade paper)] Very Short Introductions. Illustrations, tables, sidebars, bibliography, and index.
Sir Arthur Bliss’s Music Things to Come (1936)
Authors: Snedden Nicol William
Published: October 2014

At the invitation of H. G. Wells, Sir Arthur Bliss composed his first and most famous film score, Things to Come, over the period 1934–35. Wells had full artistic control over the film and insisted on the music being composed before shooting commenced. Recording the majority of the score in advance was highly irregular in terms of the musical practice adopted, and it is clear many modifications were made in order to fit the music to the film. Six months in advance of the film premiere, Bliss performed his Suite from Film Music during the 1935 BBC Proms season. Primary source materials related to the music are analyzed, including newly found 78 rpm records made by Bliss and a Denham Film Studios playback recording titled “Utopian Hymn.” Bliss’s landmark score is lost except for “No. 9 Attack on Moon Gun,” preserved at Cambridge University Library.
Kinematics and dynamics models of cylindrical roller bearing of railway transport
Authors: A. V. Gaydamaka
Published: October 2014

Purpose. Lack of kinematics models and imperfection of the known dynamics models of the roller bearings of railway rolling stock axle-boxes do not allow designing the optimal structure of bearing cages, providing the required service life and reliability of bearing units of wheel sets for cars and locomotives. The studies of kinematics and dynamics of roller bearings of axle boxes for cars and locomotives and modeling of their parts interaction to create the analytical method of bearing cages calculation are necessary. Methodology. This purpose has been achieved due to the modeling of kinematics of the ideal (without gaps) and real (taking account the gaps, manufacturing and installation errors) bearings, substantiation of the transfer mechanism of motion from the rollers to bearing cage, modeling the dynamics of rolling, research of interaction forces of the rollers with bearing cage. Findings. It is established that the kinematics of ideal bearing is determined by the contact deformations of the rollers and rings, when the kinematics of real bearing depends mainly on the side gaps in the windows of the bearing cage. On the basis of studies of the real bearing kinematics the dynamics models of the rollers and bearing cage interaction were constructed. The conducted studies of kinematics and dynamics of rolling bearings have changed our view of them as of the planetary mechanism, explained the reason of bearing cage loading, and confirmed the possibility of destruction during operation. Originality. It was first proposed a mechanism for motion transfer from the rollers to the bearing cage of roller bearings, consisting in that the side gap in the bearing cage window is reduced gradually multiple of the number of rollers of radial loading area according to the bearing cage motion. The models of roller bearing dynamics, which allow calculating the interaction forces of parts for all modes of operation, were improved. Practical value. Use of the offered models of kinematics and dynamics of the roller bearings will develop analytical calculation method of the bearing cage for the choice of its optimal design according to criterion of maximum service life and reliability of the bearing unit of wheel sets of the railway rolling stock.
Diagnostic features research of ac electric point motors
Authors: S. YU. Buryak  , V. I. Gavrilyuk  , O. O. Hololobova  , A. M. Beznarytnyy
Published: October 2014

Purpose.Considerable responsibility for safety of operation rests on signal telephone and telegraph department of railway. One of the most attackable nodes (both automation systems, and railway in whole) is track switches. The aim of this investigation is developing such system for monitoring and diagnostics of track switches, which would fully meet the requirements of modern conditions of high-speed motion and heavy trains and producing diagnostics, collection and systematization of data in an automated way. Methodology. In order to achieve the desired objectives research of a structure and the operating principle description of the switch electric drive, sequence of triggering its main units were carried out. The operating characteristics and settings, operating conditions, the causes of failures in the work, andrequirements for electric drives technology and their service were considered and analyzed. Basic analysis principles of dependence of nature of the changes the current waveform, which flows in the working circuit of AC electric point motor were determined. Technical implementation of the monitoring and diagnosing system the state of AC electric point motors was carried out. Findings. Signals taken from serviceable and defective electric turnouts were researched. Originality. Identified a strong interconnectionbetween the technical condition of the track switchand curve shape that describes the current in the circuit of AC electric point motor during operation which is based on the research processes that have influence on it during operation. Practical value. Shown the principles of the technical approach to the transition from scheduled preventive maintenance to maintenance of real condition for a more objective assessment and thus more rapid response to emerging or failures when they occur gradually, damages and any other shortcomings in the work track switch AC drives.
Influence of particle size distribution on accurate X-ray quantitative analysis of tetracalcium aluminoferrite
Authors: Zhao Piqi , Wang Peiming , Liu Xianping
Published: October 2014

The influence of particle statistics of a tetracalcium aluminoferrite (C4AF)–aluminium oxide (Al2O3) mixture on the accuracy of X-ray quantitative analysis was investigated by the reference intensity ratio (RIR) and the Rietveld method, supported by two-dimensional synchrotron diffraction image and integral one-dimensional diffraction pattern as a standard control. The quantitative results of tetracalcium aluminoferrite–aluminium oxide mixture show that both the RIR and Rietveld method can perform correctly quantitative analysis when most of the particles (>95%) have sizes in the range between 1 and 5 μm. The actual particle size distribution is between 0·7 μm and 5·1 μm. The amorphous rate of tetracalcium aluminoferrite is 2·8% during such grinding processes. The errors increase dramatically if large particles of tetracalcium aluminoferrite (>5 μm) exist, even though such particles are as low as 3·2% in numerical statistics.
NDVI as a predictor of canopy arthropod biomass in the Alaskan arctic tundra
Authors: Sweet Shannan K. , Asmus Ashley , Rich Matthew E. , Wingfield John , Gough Laura , Boelman Natalie T.
Published: October 2014

The physical and biological responses to rapid arctic warming are proving acute, and as such, there is a need to monitor, understand, and predict ecological responses over large spatial and temporal scales. The use of the normalized difference vegetation index (NDVI) acquired from airborne and satellite sensors addresses this need, as it is widely used as a tool for detecting and quantifying spatial and temporal dynamics of tundra vegetation cover, productivity, and phenology. Such extensive use of the NDVI to quantify vegetation characteristics suggests that it may be similarly applied to characterizing primary and secondary consumer communities. Here, we develop empirical models to predict canopy arthropod biomass with canopy‐level measurements of the NDVI both across and within distinct tundra vegetation communities over four growing seasons in the Arctic Foothills region of the Brooks Range, Alaska, USA. When canopy arthropod biomass is predicted with the NDVI across all four growing seasons, our overall model that includes all four vegetation communities explains 63% of the variance in canopy arthropod biomass, whereas our models specific to each of the four vegetation communities explain 74% (moist tussock tundra), 82% (erect shrub tundra), 84% (riparian shrub tundra), and 87% (dwarf shrub tundra) of the observed variation in canopy arthropod biomass. Our field‐based study suggests that measurements of the NDVI made from air‐ and spaceborne sensors may be able to quantify spatial and temporal variation in canopy arthropod biomass at landscape to regional scales.
Oral Neutrophil Levels: A Screening Test for Oral Inflammatory Load in Pregnancy in a Medical Setting
Authors: Huda Sabrina , Doering Hendrik , Tenenbaum Howard C. , Whittle Wendy , Sigal Michael J. , Glogauer Michael
Published: October 2014

Background: A multitude of studies suggest an association between periodontal disease and adverse birth outcomes, but the findings have been equivocal. Although the evidence is controversial, it is biologically plausible, and the key link may be inflammation. Because periodontitis is at times either active or inactive, trying to correlate the presence of pockets, for example, to adverse outcome of pregnancy might be preordained to failure or at least confusion. Alternatively, if inflammatory activity associated with periodontitis could be measured, it might be possible to correlate oral inflammatory load (OIL) to adverse pregnancy outcomes more precisely, but given the low incidence of adverse pregnancy outcomes, large populations must be studied. This underscores the need to use a means for assessment of OIL that is reliable, reproducible, and so simple to perform that it does not require dental expertise and can be used for large numbers of patients attending obstetrics units. The objective of this study was to demonstrate that OIL can be measured in a cohort of pregnant females presenting for obstetric care and secondarily to ensure that there was a realistic correlation to the presence of periodontitis.

Methods: Sixty‐three pregnant females were recruited, and 15‐second saline rinses were collected to measure OIL as represented by counts of oral neutrophil levels. Periodontal examinations were performed to determine the extent of the correlation between the presence of clinical markers of periodontitis, such as pockets and clinical attachment loss to the OIL.

Results: Using this small cohort of patients, a test for oral inflammatory disease could be administered successfully in a non‐dental setting. In addition, there was a statistically significant increase (two‐fold, P <0.05) in oral neutrophil counts found in patients with periodontitis compared with those without periodontitis.

Conclusion: The rinse assay can be used as a screening tool for oral inflammation, which was also related to the presence of periodontitis, in pregnant females attending a medical clinic.
Metachronous Bilateral Chondroblastoma of the Proximal Part of the Femur with a Pathologic Fracture
Authors: Yoon Byung-Ho , Cho Hwan Seong , Lee Young-Kyun , Koo Kyung-Hoi
Published: October 2014

Case:

A twenty-two-year-old man presented with metachronous bilateral chondroblastoma of the proximal part of the femur with a pathologic fracture. The pathologic fracture on the right side was treated with tumor resection and total hip arthroplasty. Within forty-three months, the chondroblastoma in the left femoral head was detected and treated with the same protocol as the chondroblastoma on the right side. No metastatic lesion was evident at this time; because of its benign appearance histologically, the lesion was diagnosed as a metachronous lesion.

Conclusion:

In a patient who has been previously diagnosed with and treated for chondroblastoma, skeletal pain at another site may represent a metachronous lesion.