bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Conductus as Analgesic
Authors: Gillingham Bryan
Published: August 2013

One of the difficulties in creating an adequate picture of the contextual situation for music, other than that clearly associated with the liturgy, in the Middle Ages, is the paucity of accounts describing performance circumstances. We know little about the social milieu and purposes attending genres marginal to the liturgy such as the conductus and thirteenth-century motet. A manuscript which seems to redress this problem, albeit for one very specific instance, is Vat. lat. 2854 in the Vatican library in Rome.

This manuscript is unusual in that it contains not only music but a detailed account of why the music was written. The author, Bonaiutus de Casentino, active in the circle of Pope Boniface VIII, prepared the manuscript in the last decade of the thirteenth century at Rome. The document includes various poems, sacred and secular, as well as two Latin songs written in late Franconian notation. One of the pieces is a two-voice conductus (Hec medela corporalis) which was written, according to the account of Bonaiutus himself, in order to cure the maladies of an ailing pontif. The pontifical complaints seemed to be both psychological and intestinal in nature. It was the hope of Bonaiutus not only to provoke laughter (always a curative), but also to cleanse the papal bowels through his composition. Although one cannot generalize on the basis of this single incident, it does yield a fascinating glimpse into a possible venue for the conductus.
Classification Systems, Social Hierarchies, and Gender: Examining Indian "Light-Classical" Music
Authors: Ollikkala Robert
Published: August 2013

Classification systems are connected to a socio-cultural and musical canon. In her introduction to Musicology and Difference (1993), Ruth Solie made the point that classification systems in music involve, imply, and reinforce social hierarchies. What Solie had to say about the Western classification system applies equally well to India. This study supports the assumption, which I believe will hold true for other geographic regions, that there are universal implications to the term "classical," implications that include, but reach far beyond, the musical. Specific to the Indian situation, however, are the particular historic dynamics involved in the subsidiary category known as "light-classical" music.
Le « dynamisme » d’une tradition : la danse à tambour chez les Dènès (Canada, Territoires du Nord-Ouest)
Authors: Beaudry Nicole
Published: August 2013

L’auteure décrit les transformations qu’a subie la tradition de danse chez les Dènès des Territoires du Nord-Ouest. Par ailleurs, certains aspects de cette tradition fournissent l’occasion d’examiner, en même temps, les sources sur lesquelles s’appuient ses recherches. Ainsi, alternant entre les documents anciens dits « historiques » et ceux plus récents émanant plus directement de la tradition orale, l’auteure en vient à réfléchir sur la nature même de cette discipline que l’on nomme ethnohistoire et sur ses applications. Finalement, elle conclut en offrant un bref aperçu d’un sens historique autochtone axé plus sur la notion d’espace territorial que sur celle du temps.
L’adaptation d’une forme à un style : les thèmes à retour dans la musique instrumentale de Brahms
Authors: de Médicis François
Published: August 2013

La difficulté de situer Brahms dans le camp des conservateurs ou des progressistes résulte probablement du caractère protéiforme de sa musique. Cette flexibilité caractérise également les structures à retour, qui sont les formes thématiques les plus abondantes dans la musique instrumentale de Brahms. Ces formes sont fondées sur le retour d’une idée initiale après un matériau intermédiaire, comme dans la période ou la forme ternaire. L’analyse des deux paramètres fondamentaux de ces structures, le retour et la cadence, montre que leur faveur peut s’expliquer par une bonne adaptation aux nouvelles exigences stylistiques du romantisme, comme le rejet de conventions trop prévisibles du discours, et l’élargissement de l’espace tonal.
Une démarche esthésique, ou le temps retrouvé : présentation critique de l’ouvrage Les écritures du temps de Michel Imberty
Authors: Chang Melis Leiling
Published: August 2013

L’ouvrage Les écritures du temps (1981) de Michel Imberty est d’une importance capitale pour la musicologie contemporaine. De la psychologie expérimentale à la psychanalyse, Imberty développe une approche perceptive du style musical dont le but est l’interprétation de la musique en tant que symbolique du temps. Sa démarche est explicable à partir de la sémiologie musicale, qui en clarifie les principes. Imberty construit, avec précision et intelligence, une méthodologie pour l’observation du temps musical, et cela constitue son grand apport à la musicologie contemporaine. Cet essai cherche à mettre en relief les notions et postulats fondamentaux de sa pensée.
Music Studies in the New Millennium: Perspectives from Canada
Authors: Shepherd John
Published: August 2013

Canada and the Canadian University Music Review have proved fertile grounds for the development of progressive music scholarship since the 1970s. Such developments had to counter the weight of history, which supported established and securely institutionalized forms of academic music. Yet these progressive developments in turn benefitted from major social and cultural shifts, such as those of the Depression years and of "the sixties." A crucial lever and sustaining force in major developments in progressive music scholarship that were to occur from the 1970s onward was critical theory. Theory now pervades much academic work in music, and has given rise to more sophisticated and varied approaches than was possible in the 1970s. The essays in this volume evidence this sophistication and variety, and bear witness to the way in which the intellectual and social topography of Canada can be argued to have proved especially nurturing to progressive scholarship in music.
Visions of the Stars and Earth: The Images of Jean Coulthard
Authors: Colton Glenn
Published: August 2013

Image Astrale (1981) and the companion piece Image Terrestre (1990) may be regarded as the defining works of Jean Coulthard's mature pianistic style. Both works feature idiomatic and, at times, virtuosic piano writing, a personal application of sonata form principles, a melodic style which vacillates between dramatic intensity and serene lyricism, and the neo-impressionistic evocation of contrasting images and moods through rich and varied harmonic colours. This article explores Coulthard's Images from both analytical and historical perspectives, assessing relevant style features and demonstrating the significance of the set within Coulthard's œuvre, Canadian music, and twentieth-century piano repertoire.
Le ballet chez Cocteau : vers une manifestation avant-gardiste en compagnie du Groupe des Six et des Ballets suédois
Authors: Harbec Jacinthe
Published: August 2013

Dès ses premières activités artistiques, Jean Cocteau est à la recherche de manifestations avant-gardistes multidisciplinaires dans lesquelles se mêlent poésie, danse et musique. Le ballet est la forme d’expression qui répond le mieux à ses aspirations. En présentant d’abord les premières collaborations de Cocteau dans le domaine de la danse, l’auteure retrace les circonstances qui ont amené le poète à collaborer avec Rolf de Mare, directeur de la compagnie des Ballets suédois, ainsi qu’avec les jeunes compositeurs du Groupe des Six dans un projet collectif intitulé Les Mariés de la tour Eiffel. Les spécificités avant-gardistes propres à cette production seront mises en lumière par le biais de la scénographie et de la musique.
Representations of Gender in Barbara Pentland's Disasters of the Sun
Authors: Tilley Janette
Published: August 2013

Barbara Pentland (1912–2000) will be remembered as a leading figure in Canadian music, but she regarded her success as hard won. She viewed her career as a struggle against sexual discrimination, and though an advocate of equal rights and social justice, Pentland nevertheless disliked discussing notions of gender and her vocation, claiming it drew attention away from her compositions: she was a composer first and a woman second. Her reticence has a single exception in her 1976 song cycle Disasters of the Sun. As her only work to explore explicitly gender relations, Disasters provides a step towards gaining greater insight into Pentland's attitudes toward gender difference and identity.
Ernest MacMillan and England
Authors: Beckwith John
Published: August 2013

The Canadian composer-conductor Ernest MacMillan wrote England, an Ode, for chorus and orchestra, in a German prison camp in World War I, and was awarded a D.Mus. by Oxford University for it, in absentia. The score is examined alongside background documents, including MacMillan's unpublished memoirs, for its ambitious musical features, its conformity to the degree specifications, and the influences it suggests (MacMillan studied works by Debussy and Skryabin while incarcerated, and received advice from a fellow-prisoner, the composer Benjamin Dale). The choice of text, a decidedly imperialistic poem by A. C. Swinburne, is measured against MacMillan's later association with Canadian cultural nationalism.
Présence wagnérienne dans le film Invincible (2001) de Werner Herzog
Authors: Descheneaux Audrée
Published: August 2013

Dans son film Invincible (2001), le réalisateur allemand Werner Herzog met en scène la légende de Zishe Breibart, un Juif doté d’une force surhumaine. La théâtralité des images filmées par Herzog et la musique originale du film composée par Hans Zimmer concourent, selon l’auteure, à accentuer la dimension héroïque du personnage et à évoquer l’opéra wagnérien. Après avoir mis en parallèle les procédés de composition de la musique du film et de l’écriture postromantique, l’article propose une analyse comparative entre la musique et les images pour démontrer comment la musique du film sert de support privilégié au mythe wagnérien. L’article s’attarde enfin aux répercussions du subterfuge mis en scène par Herzog, qui consiste à faire d’un Juif un héros national à l’aube du nazisme.
Les mutations componentielles de l’objet-chanson
Authors: De Surmont Jean-Nicolas
Published: August 2013

Différentes typologies des chansons ont jusqu’à ce jour été établies. Elles tiennent compte notamment de la thématique, de l’héritage esthétique, des types de refrain, etc. La typologie de cet article délaisse les critères thématiques afin de mettre en relief les métissages entre la chanson signée (auteur et/ou compositeur connu et né dans un contexte éditorial) et la chanson de tradition orale (qui circule par la transmission orale). Ces métissages sont basés sur les processus de diffusion, de réception et de création des objets-chansons. Dans ce cadre, il a semblé important à l’auteur de créer une terminologie adéquate permettant de tenir compte de l’ensemble des objets-chansons, du Moyen Âge à nos jours. Les exemples sont essentiellement puisés à la culture francophone.
Olivier Messiaen et le Québec : une présence et une influence déterminante sur la création musicale de l’après-guerre
Authors: Boivin Jean
Published: August 2013

À sa classe du Conservatoire de Paris, Olivier Messiaen a enseigné l’harmonie, l’analyse musicale ou la composition à un nombre important de musiciens et de compositeurs canadiens, pour la plupart nés ou vivant au Québec. Sa musique et ses idées ont eu un impact réel sur la création musicale d’avant-garde au Québec ainsi que sur l’enseignement de la composition surtout au cours des 15 années qui ont suivi la Seconde Guerre mondiale. Plusieurs des élèves québécois de Messiaen (par exemple Serge Garant, Clermont Pépin et Gilles Tremblay), sont devenus à leur tour des pédagogues et ont contribué à faire connaître ses œuvres et sa pensée.
Music and Text in Elisabeth Lutyens's Wittgenstein Motet
Authors: Parsons Laurel
Published: August 2013

Although Elisabeth Lutyens (1906-83) was a pioneer of British twentieth-century music, her work is relatively unknown in North America. This article begins with an introduction to her life and compositions, before going on to a detailed analysis of text-music relations in selected passages of her Motet, op. 27 (1953). The analysis forms the basis for a discussion of the concept of text as representation of music: Lutyens began to compose the music of the Motet first, and chose its text—excerpts from the Tractatus logico-philosophicus (1921) by the Austrian-born English philosopher Ludwig Wittgenstein (1889-1951)—because it seemed a fitting expression of the musical ideas that had already begun to develop.
Dramaturgies d’Afrique et des diasporas sur la scène québécoise : décapage esthétique aux couleurs du temps
Authors: Chalaye Sylvie Alix
Published: August 2013

La scène québécoise a contribué, ces dernières années, à révéler les dramaturgies contemporaines d’Afrique noire et des diasporas à travers le travail de Denis Marleau sur les textes du Béninois José Pliya. Cette reconnaissance d’une écriture contemporaine africaine est aussi passée par des productions originales comme celle de Big Shoot de l’Ivoirien Koffi Kwahulé au Théâtre Denise-Pelletier à Montréal, sous la direction de Kristian Frédric. L’Afrique des villages n’est pas au rendez-vous de ces spectacles. Ce sont au contraire des histoires de fin du monde et d’altérité qui résonnent avec force. Évacuant tout exotisme pour prendre «  les couleurs du temps » au sens météorologique et cosmique, ces mises en scène aborde sans détour la trame métaphysique des dramaturgies africaines et touchent d’emblée au discours ontologique d’un théâtre de la recherche de soi dans le chaos du monde.
Quand Albertine parle anglais : la dramaturgie de Michel Tremblay en terres
anglo-saxonnes
Authors: Killick Rachel
Published: August 2013

Le théâtre, comme art public, a joué un rôle d’une grande importance dans
l’affirmation de l’identité québécoise au XXe siècle : dans un premier temps à
l’intérieur du Québec où l’idée d’un théâtre national populaire, imaginée tout d’abord par
Gratien Gélinas à la fin des années 1940, a été relancée avec brio par Les Belles-Soeurs
de Michel Tremblay en 1968 ; dans un deuxième temps à l’extérieur du Québec où
l’exportation de la dramaturgie de Tremblay fut le fer de lance pour le rayonnement de la
culture québécois à l’étranger. Sa pièce, Albertine, en cinq temps, co-produite par
le Centre National des Arts à Ottawa en 1984 voyagea ensuite à Toronto, aux États-Unis, à
Paris, au Royaume-Uni, périple comprenant les quatre points d’attache – canadien, américain,
français, britannique, canadien et américain – à partir desquels s’est formée au cours des
siècles l’identité québécoise. Impliquant une variété de traducteurs, de metteurs en scène
et de comédiennes, oeuvrant sous de différentes conditions d’écoute et selon des horizons
d’attente différents, ces tournées de la pièce hors Québec permettent de contraster la
réception nationale et la réception étrangère, mettant ainsi en relief les enjeux exigeants
de la transmission culturelle et les défis qu’ils représentent pour le projet identitaire
national. Il s’agit ici des mises en scène anglo-saxonnes d’Albertine, in Five
Times au Canada, aux Etats-Unis, en Angleterre et en Écosse.
Les dramaturgies de Carole Fréchette sur les scènes françaises (1998-2009) : figures
d’une rencontre
Authors: Joinnault Brigitte
Published: August 2013

Observant l’étonnante présence des oeuvres de Carole Fréchette sur les scènes
françaises, cette étude propose une description analytique des motivations et des formes de
cette présence et interroge la manière dont s’opère la rencontre entre les dramaturgies de
l’auteure québécoise et les praticiens du théâtre français, professionnels et
amateurs.
Eco-terrorists Facing Armageddon: The Defence of Necessity and Legal Normativity in the
Context of Environmental Crisis
Authors: Tremblay Hugo
Published: August 2013

The invocation of necessity as a defence for acts of civil disobedience has raised
questions about the rule of law and legal certainty. The rise of radical environmental
activism in the context of climate change warrants an inquiry into the scope and limitations
of the defence in Canada. This paper argues that the defence of necessity significantly
increases legal flexibility in Canadian environmental law. To some extent, the defence may
thus enhance the law’s resilience to socio-ecological changes. However, the defence could
also render the law flexible to such an extent that positive norms might lose their
prescriptive value in certain circumstances. In particular, as the link connecting human
activity, climate change, and consequent damage to the environment becomes clearer, there is
a greater likelihood of environmental activists successfully invoking necessity to defend
illegal acts aimed at curbing environmental degradation. In other words, necessity may offer
a defence against the enforcement of legal frameworks de facto authorizing catastrophic
environmental destruction. The prescriptive value of those legal frameworks could be
critically diminished, and the resilience of the law as a normative framework may be
threatened.
Private Rights to Public Property: The Evolution of Common Property in Canada
Authors: Hamill Sarah E.
Published: August 2013

This article uses the recent Occupy litigation of Batty v. City of Toronto
to argue that Canadian courts no longer have a robust understanding of
common property and its attendant rights. The lack of judicial
understanding of common property is hardly surprising given property
theory’s focus on private property, particularly individual
private property. This article argues that rather than use the
traditional analogy of governments holding common property in trust for
the public, Batty relies on an analogy of common property
which treats the government as an owner. The emergence of the latter
understanding of common property can be traced to Supreme Court
jurisprudence from the early 1990s. Although the government-as-owner
analogy of common property was introduced in a concurring judgment,
more recent Supreme Court decisions have since reiterated the analogy.
Such an understanding of common property is a clear attempt to force
all property into a private property model and emphasize the rights of
owners above all other rights in property. This article argues that the
government-as-owner analogy is problematic given its emphasis on the
government’s use of property rather than the public’s
benefit from common property and calls for a return to the trust
analogy of common property.
MAVS recruits multiple ubiquitin E3 ligases to activate antiviral signaling cascades
Authors: Liu Siqi , Chen Jueqi , Cai Xin , Wu Jiaxi , Chen Xiang , Wu You-Tong , Sun Lijun , Chen Zhijian J
Published: August 2013

RNA virus infections are detected by the RIG-I family of receptors, which induce type-I interferons through the mitochondrial protein MAVS. MAVS forms large prion-like polymers that activate the cytosolic kinases IKK and TBK1, which in turn activate NF-κB and IRF3, respectively, to induce interferons. Here we show that MAVS polymers recruit several TRAF proteins, including TRAF2, TRAF5, and TRAF6, through distinct TRAF-binding motifs. Mutations of these motifs that disrupted MAVS binding to TRAFs abrogated its ability to activate IRF3. IRF3 activation was also abolished in cells lacking TRAF2, 5, and 6. These TRAF proteins promoted ubiquitination reactions that recruited NEMO to the MAVS signaling complex, leading to the activation of IKK and TBK1. These results delineate the mechanism of MAVS signaling and reveal that TRAF2, 5, and 6, which are normally associated with NF-κB activation, also play a crucial role in IRF3 activation in antiviral immune responses.
A Prescription for Global Education in Health and Human Services
Authors: Daly Donna M. , Baker Suzanne , Williams Stephen J.
Published: August 2013

Study abroad might be associated primarily with humanities or business majors, but San Diego State University has mandated an international experience for all its health and human services students. Here's why.
When is a Survey More than a Survey?
Authors: Newhart Daniel W.
Published: August 2013

Daniel W. Newhart argues that survey respondents should receive as much as they give.
How Speech Modifies Visual Attention
Authors: Spence Ian , Jia Andrew , Feng Jing , Elserafi Jonny , Zhao Ying
Published: August 2013

Auditory distractions can have serious consequences in critical situations such as driving. Mobile phones, radios, media players, and information devices that interpret and produce speech are increasingly common in vehicles, but the threats to visual attention are not yet fully understood. In three experiments, we found that most speech tasks had relatively small adverse effects on the detection of a briefly presented target among distractors across a 60° subarea of the visual field. Although there was a little impact on detectability, moderately difficult speech tasks slowed responding relative to silence. Our most demanding condition—generating and speaking a word beginning with the last letter of another word—had the greatest effects on accuracy and latency, with responding slowed by about 900 ms. An impairment of this magnitude presents a significant threat to safe driving and calls into question the belief that hands‐free voice‐controlled devices are the answer to the problem of driver distraction. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
A Nontoxic Additive to Introduce X‐Ray Contrast into Poly(Lactic Acid). Implications for Transient Medical Implants Such as Bioresorbable Coronary Vascular Scaffolds
Authors: Wang Yujing , van den Akker Nynke M. S. , Molin Daniël G. M. , Gagliardi Mick , van der Marel Cees , Lutz Martin , Knetsch Menno L. W. , Koole Leo H.
Published: August 2013

Bioresorbable coronary vascular scaffolds are about to revolutionize the landscape of interventional cardiology. These scaffolds, consisting of a poly(L‐lactic acid) interior and a poly(d,l‐lactic acid) surface coating, offer a genuine alternative for metallic coronary stents. Perhaps the only remaining drawback is that monitoring during implantation is limited to two X‐ray contrast points. Here, a new approach to make the biodegradable scaffolds entirely radiopaque is explored. A new contrast agent is designed and synthesized. This compound is miscible with poly(d,l‐lactic acid) matrix, and nontoxic to multiple cell types. Blends of poly(d,l‐lactic acid) and the contrast agent are found to be hemocompatible, noncytotoxic, and radiopaque. The data show that it is possible to manufacture fully radiopaque bioresorbable coronary vascular scaffolds. Whole‐stent X‐ray visibility helps interventionalists ensure that the scaffold deploys completely. This important advantage may translate into improved safety, accuracy, and clinical performance of cardiac stents.
Solution‐Gated Graphene Transistors for Chemical and Biological Sensors
Authors: Yan Feng , Zhang Meng , Li Jinhua
Published: August 2013

Graphene has attracted much attention in biomedical applications for its fascinating properties. Because of the well‐known 2D structure, every atom of graphene is exposed to the environment, so the electronic properties of graphene are very sensitive to charged analytes (ions, DNA, cells, etc.) or an electric field around it, which renders graphene an ideal material for high‐performance sensors. Solution‐gated graphene transistors (SGGTs) can operate in electrolytes and are thus excellent candidates for chemical and biological sensors, which have been extensively studied in the recent 5 years. Here, the device physics, the sensing mechanisms, and the performance of the recently developed SGGT‐based chemical and biological sensors, including pH, ion, cell, bacterial, DNA, protein, glucose sensors, etc., are introduced. Their advantages and shortcomings, in comparison with some conventional techniques, are discussed. Conclusions and challenges for the future development of the field are addressed in the end.
A transient myelodysplastic/myeloproliferative neoplasm in a patient with cardio‐facio‐cutaneous syndrome and a germline BRAF mutation
Authors: Sekiguchi Kazuhito , Maeda Tomoki , Suenobu So‐ichi , Kunisaki Nobutaka , Shimizu Miki , Kiyota Kyoko , Handa Yo‐suke , Akiyoshi Kensuke , Korematsu Seigo , Aoki Yoko , Matsubara Yoichi , Izumi Tatsuro
Published: August 2013

A male infant, born at 32 weeks gestation by cesarean because of hydrops fetalis, presented with multiple anomalies, such as sparse and curly scalp hair, absent eyebrows, frontal bossing, an atrial septal defect, pulmonary artery stenosis, and whole myocardial thickening. He was clinically diagnosed with cardio‐facio‐cutaneous (CFC) syndrome, and was confirmed to have a germline V‐raf murine sarcoma viral oncogene homologue B1 (BRAF) c.721 A>C mutation. At 1 month of age, he presented with a transient myelodysplastic/myeloproliferative neoplasm (MDS/MPN), which improved within a month without the administration of antineoplastic agents. This is the first report of CFC syndrome with MDS/MPN. The coexistence of MDS/MPN may be related to this BRAF c.721 A>C mutation. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Bone marrow transplantation in Schimke immuno‐osseous dysplasia
Authors: Baradaran‐Heravi Alireza , Lange Jonas , Asakura Yumi , Cochat Pierre , Massella Laura , Boerkoel Cornelius F.
Published: August 2013

Schimke immuno‐osseous dysplasia (SIOD, OMIM 242900) is a rare autosomal recessive multisystem childhood disorder characterized by short stature, renal failure, T‐cell immunodeficiency, and hypersensitivity to genotoxic agents. SIOD is associated with biallelic mutations in SMARCAL1 (SWI/SNF‐related matrix‐associated actin‐dependent regulator of chromatin, subfamily a‐like 1), which encodes a DNA stress response enzyme with annealing helicase activity. Two features of SIOD causing much morbidity and mortality are bone marrow failure and T‐cell deficiency with the consequent opportunistic infections. To address the safety and efficacy of bone marrow transplantation (BMT) in SIOD, we reviewed the outcomes of the only five SIOD patients known to us in whom bone marrow or hematopoietic stem cell transplantation has been attempted. We find that only one patient survived the transplantation procedure and that the existing indicators of a good prognosis for bone marrow transplantation were not predictive in this small cohort. Given these observations, we also discuss some considerations for the poor outcomes. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Efficient Formation of Luminescent Lanthanide(III) Complexes by Solid‐Phase Synthesis and On‐Resin Screening
Authors: Nakamura Tatsuya , Mizukami Shin , Tanaka Miho , Kikuchi Kazuya
Published: August 2013

Time‐resolved luminescence measurements of luminescent lanthanide complexes have advantages in biological assays and high‐throughput screening, owing to their high sensitivity. In spite of the recent advances in their energy‐transfer mechanism and molecular‐orbital‐based computational molecular design, it is still difficult to estimate the quantum yields of new luminescent lanthanide complexes. Herein, solid‐phase libraries of luminescent lanthanide complexes were prepared through amide‐condensation and Pd‐catalyzed coupling reactions and their luminescent properties were screened with a microplate reader. Good correlation was observed between the time‐resolved luminescence intensities of the solid‐phase libraries and those of the corresponding complexes that were synthesized by using liquid‐phase chemistry. This method enabled the rapid and efficient development of new sensitizers for SmIII, EuIII, and TbIII luminescence. Thus, solid‐phase combinatorial synthesis combined with on‐resin screening led to the discovery of a wide variety of luminescent sensitizers.
Crosswind‐based optimization of multiple runway orientations
Authors: Chang Sze‐Wei
Published: August 2013

The runway orientation must satisfy the operational requirements of aircraft for landing and takeoff. Actually, the runway orientation is the result of compromises between the airport usability (wind coverage) and additional factors, such as available land, existing obstructions, topographic difficulties, flight path interference among runways and airports, noise pollution, and other environmental impacts. Therefore, the solution of a combination of acceptable runway orientations, which avoids excessive crosswinds at least 95% of the time, as well as the optimal orientation solution, is essential to conduct those compromises in the runway orientation analysis. The objective of this paper is to develop a computer model, named the optimization of multiple runway orientations model, which is capable of simultaneously providing a combination of acceptable runway orientations, changing the allowable crosswind limit flexibly, and determining the optimal orientations of multiple runway configurations. Instead of visual estimation or geometric computation, this paper presents an analytical method for wind coverage analysis. The model is mainly running in spreadsheet and Visual Basic for Applications (VBA). The numerical example and comparison show that the optimization of multiple runway orientations model is competitively accurate and convenient in comparison with previous ones. This paper presents an up‐to‐date model for the optimization of multiple runway orientations. By combining it with the geographic information system obstructions model, it can become an essential element of a future model for airport development cost minimization that combines airfield land use, earthwork volume, and cost estimation modules. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Chiral chromatographic resolution of antiepileptic drugs and their metabolites: a challenge from the optimization to the application
Authors: Fortuna Ana , Alves Gilberto , Falcão Amílcar
Published: August 2013

A large number of the antiepileptic drugs (AEDs) presently available for clinical practice are chiral compounds while others, although achiral, may originate pharmacologically active chiral metabolites in vivo. The well‐known implications of chirality in pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics demand the investigation of pharmacological properties for a racemic mixture and each enantiomer. To achieve these objectives, appropriate chiral analytical methods must be available. This article provides the first review of the current state of the art in chiral chromatographic methods available for quantifying enantiomers of AEDs in distinct matrices. Particular attention is paid to the methodological aspects and optimization strategies that successfully allow enantiomeric chromatographic separation of chiral AEDs and/or metabolites. Furthermore, the relevance of these methods in supporting the discovery and development of chiral AEDs is emphasized. In parallel and whenever available, the principal validation parameters are herein considered and related to the stage of drug discovery and development. In an attempt to optimize anticonvulsant activity and simultaneously diminish toxic effects, many pharmaceutical companies have started to manufacture single enantiomers. Therefore, chiral chromatographic techniques will be essential and the information herein compiled can be used as a framework for developing them. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
The effect of mobile phase composition in the enantioseparation of pharmaceutically relevant compounds with polysaccharide‐based stationary phases
Authors: Sardella Roccaldo , Ianni Federica , Lisanti Antonella , Marinozzi Maura , Scorzoni Stefania , Natalini Benedetto
Published: August 2013

Mobile phase variables have a deep influence on the chromatographic behavior with polysaccharide‐based chiral stationary phases. Basic additives are generally used to minimize peak broadening arising from unwanted interactions between polar solutes and underivatized silanols. However, basic additives can improve enantioselectivity through disruption of hydrogen bonds and modification of the polymer morphology. Acidic additives are incorporated into the mobile phase during the analysis of acidic compounds as efficiency enhancers. Acidic additives can also improve enantioselectivity by minimizing within the chiral recognition site nonenantioselective retention. Peak shape without acidic additive in the eluent could be severely distorted during the analysis of salified compounds. Concentration and type of alcohol modifier can have an effect on the morphology of the polymer. The different winding of the chiral selector, caused by alcohol modifiers of different size/shape, ultimately results in different stereo environment of the chiral cavities in the polymer chain. Trace amounts of water in normal‐phase eluents can affect retention time, tailing, and resolution. Deliberate addition of water to the eluent can improve peak resolution and save analysis time and solvent needs. Immobilized‐type polysaccharide‐derived chiral stationary phases offer new selectivity profiles and often improved enantioselectivity. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Monochloramine suppresses the proliferation of colorectal cancer cell line Caco‐2 by both apoptosis and G2/M cell cycle arrest
Authors: Kohda Tetsuya , Sakuma Satoru , Abe Muneyuki , Fujimoto Yohko
Published: August 2013

The aim of this study was to assess a possible role of monochloramine (NH2Cl), one of the reactive chlorine species, which induce oxidative stress, on the proliferation of colorectal cancer cell line Caco‐2. At concentrations ranging from 10 to 200 μM, NH2Cl (14–61% inhibition), but not hypochlorous acid, dose‐dependently inhibited the cell viability of Caco‐2 cells. Experiments utilizing methionine (a scavenger of NH2Cl), taurine‐chloramine and glutamine‐chloramine revealed that only NH2Cl affects the cancer cell proliferation among reactive chlorine species, with a relative specificity. Furthermore, flow‐cytometry experiments showed that the anti‐proliferative effect of NH2Cl is partially attributable to both apoptosis and G2/M cell cycle arrest. These results suggest that NH2Cl has the potential to suppress colorectal cancer cell proliferation. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Metal Ions in Life Sciences Vol. 11: Cadmium: From Toxicity to Essentiality. Edited by Astrid Siegel, Helmut Siegel and Roland K. O. Siegel.
Authors: Filipič Metka
Published: August 2013

Springer, Dordrecht 2013, XXXVI+560 pp., hardcover, € 181.85.—ISBN 978‐94‐007‐5178‐1
Docking and pharmacophore‐based alignment comparative molecular field analysis three‐dimensional quantitative structure–activity relationship analysis of dihydrofolate reductase inhibitors by linear and nonlinear calibration methods
Authors: Ghasemi Jahan B. , Meftahi Nastaran , Pirhadi Somayeh , Tavakoli Hossein
Published: August 2013

Comparative molecular field analysis (CoMFA) studies have been carried out on 2,4‐diamino‐5‐(2_‐arylpropargyl)pyrimidine derivatives such as dihydrofolate reductase (DHFR) anticancer inhibitors. Because of the interoperable results of CoMFA models, they are noteworthy tools in rational drug designs. However, the huge amount of fields generated by this method contributes to its poor predictive ability. In this study, we applied a CoMFA region focusing (CoMFA‐ReF) approach to weight and enhance or attenuate the contribution of lattice points on standard CoMFA interactions. In addition, the genetic algorithm (GA) is used to select interactions that are responsible for the inhibitory activities of these compounds. The selected fields were introduced to multiple linear regression, partial least squares (PLS), support vector machines (SVM), and random forest (RF) regression methods. Among the constructed models and in terms of root mean square predictions (RMSEP), the predictive power of the (CoMFA‐ReF)‐PLS (RMSEP = 0.252) was better than that of the others. The performances of the GA‐RF regression model (RMSEP = 0.383) and GA‐SVM (RMSEP = 0.387) were comparable. The pharmacophore‐based alignment has been used as an intelligent alignment algorithm in the construction of a CoMFA standard model to improve the accuracies according to the (DHFR) protein environment. Docking studies clarified the role of these compounds in the inhibitory and anticancer activities of DHFR. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Solar Fuels: Photoelectrosynthesis of CO from CO2 at p‐Type Si using Fe Porphyrin Electrocatalysts
Authors: Alenezi Khalaf , Ibrahim Saad K. , Li Peiyi , Pickett Christopher J.
Published: August 2013

Photoelectrocatalytic conversion of CO2 to CO can be driven at a boron‐doped, hydrogen terminated, p‐type silicon electrode using a meso‐tetraphenylporphyrin FeIII chloride in the presence of CF3CH2OH as a proton source and 0.1 M [NBu4][BF4]/MeCN/5 % DMF (v/v) as the electrolyte. Under illumination with polychromatic light, the photoelectrocatalysis operates with a photovoltage of about 650 mV positive of that for the dark reaction. Carbon monoxide is produced with a current efficiency >90 % and with a high selectivity over H2 formation. Photoelectrochemical current densities of 3 mA cm−2 at −1.1 V versus SCE are typical, and 175 turnovers have been attained over a 6 h period. Cyclic voltammetric data are consistent with a turnover frequency of ${k{{{\rm Si}\hfill \atop {\rm obs}\hfill}}}$=0.24×104 s−1 for the photoelectrocatalysis at p‐type Si at −1.2 V versus SCE this compares with ${k{{{\rm C}\hfill \atop {\rm obs}\hfill}}}$=1.03×104 s−1 for the electrocatalysis in the dark on vitreous carbon at a potential of −1.85 V versus SCE.
Evolution of a Multicomponent System: Computational and Mechanistic Studies on the Chemo‐ and Stereoselectivity of a Divergent Process
Authors: Llabrés Salomé , Vicente‐García Esther , Preciado Sara , Guiu Cristina , Pouplana Ramon , Lavilla Rodolfo , Luque F. Javier
Published: August 2013

The evolution of a ternary molecular system (imine, diene and nitrile) is analyzed to disclose the pathways leading to a divergent synthetic outcome. The Lewis acid catalyzed reaction between cyclohexadiene, 2‐phenyl‐indol‐3‐one and acetonitrile yields the imino‐Diels–Alder adduct as the major product together with minor amounts of the Mannich–Ritter‐amidine product. The experimental and computational data show that the relative orientation of the initial reactants dictates the synthetic outcome. The exo approach between imine and diene leads to the Diels–Alder adduct in a concerted process, whereas the endo mode leads to a polarized intermediate, which is trapped by acetonitrile to yield the multicomponent adduct.
A case study for biochemical application porting in european grids and clouds
Authors: Kertesz Attila , Otvos Ferenc , Kacsuk Peter
Published: August 2013

Researchers of various disciplines ranging from Life Sciences and Astronomy to Computational Chemistry create and use scientific applications producing large amount of complex data relying heavily on compute‐intensive modeling, simulation, and analysis. Grid computing provides an efficient way for parallelizing and gridifying computational and data intensive applications of various research fields including molecular dynamics. In this paper, we examine a biochemical application that generates conformers by unconstrained molecular dynamics at high temperature to overcome conformational bias then finishes each conformer by simulated annealing and energy minimization to obtain reliable structures. We provide a general way for turning biochemical applications into scientific workflows that can be executed through Web‐based portals exploiting the computational power of available distributed computing infrastructures such as production grids, clusters, supercomputers, or clouds. First, we describe the application porting process, then provide experimental results that show the achieved speed‐up of the ported application on three different infrastructure; finally, we show how to design a more attractive and easily usable graphical interface for this application. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Application of the escape factor method for determination of excited states densities in a low‐pressure argon radio‐frequency discharge
Authors: Sushkov V. P. , Do H. T. , Hippler R.
Published: August 2013

Reabsorption of the emitted light in the plasma volume has recently been used for density measurements of the lower level of optical transition by interpretation of emission spectra employing the escape factor concept. Following this idea, we apply this method to a radio‐frequency argon discharge. By revising the theoretical background, the impact of different assumptions on excited species spatial distributions is investigated. Comparing with 1s5 and 1s4 concentrations obtained with laser absorption spectroscopy, the range of applicability of those assumptions is analyzed at different discharge parameters. (© 2013 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Ring Closing and Macrocyclization of β‐Dipeptides by Olefin Metathesis
Authors: Sundararaju Basker , Sridhar Tailor , Achard Mathieu , Sharma Gangavaram V. M. , Bruneau Christian
Published: August 2013

β‐Dipeptides containing allyl groups at different positions on the peptide backbone were prepared. Ring‐closing metathesis of these β‐dipeptides with the use of a ruthenium catalyst led to medium‐sized cyclic β‐dipeptides and macrocyclic tetrapeptides, depending on the nature of the allylic substitution on the β‐dipeptides.
Transition‐Metal‐Catalyzed Regioselective Alkylation of Indoles with Alcohols
Authors: Putra Anggi Eka , Takigawa Kei , Tanaka Hatsuki , Ito Yoshihiko , Oe Yohei , Ohta Tetsuo
Published: August 2013

The regioselective alkylation of indoles with alcohols as alkylating reagents was developed by using Pd/C or RuCl2(PPh3)3/DPEphos {DPEphos = bis[(2‐diphenylphosphanyl)phenyl] ether}as catalysts. The reaction of indole with benzyl alcohol in the presence of Pd/C and K2CO3 at 80 °C for 24 h without any solvent under in air yielded 90 % of 3‐benzylindole. The corresponding 3‐benzylindole was obtained in 99 % yield when the reaction was catalyzed by RuCl2(PPh3)3/DPEphos in the presence of K3PO4 at 165 °C for 24 h under argon. Several types of alcohols were treated with indoles under these conditions to give the corresponding 3‐alkylated indoles in high yields (up to 99 %). This reaction may involve the catalyst‐mediated transformation of alcohols to aldehydes, nucleophilic addition of indole to the resulting aldehydes accompanied by dehydration, and then hydrogenation.
Synthesis of Adamantane‐Based Trimeric Benzoboroxoles
Authors: Claes Dorith , Holzapfel Malte , Clausen Nadine , Maison Wolfgang
Published: August 2013

Benzoboroxoles are known to bind 1,2‐diol motifs in carbohydrates in an aqueous environment. Their binding properties have been shown to be dependent on additional recognition sites such as peptides and the number of binding epitopes. In this paper we describe the synthesis of trimeric benzoboroxoles based on a rigid adamantyl core structure. The conjugates are assembled using copper‐catalyzed click reactions of azide scaffolds with alkynyl‐functionalized benzoboroxoles. The design of our trimeric benzoboroxoles followed a biomimetic principle and imitates the trimeric structure of some natural carbohydrate binding proteins (lectins). With an assortment of appropriately functionalized (3 + 1) adamantane scaffolds, trimeric benzoboroxoles have been generated which were combined with additional functional molecules such as dyes and peptides. In summary, we report a highly effective synthetic approach to modular trimeric boronolectines for the assembly of carbohydrate sensors.
Pd0‐Catalyzed Hydrogenolysis of a Bicyclic Allylic Diacetate
Authors: Muchow Gunter , Brunel Jean Michel
Published: August 2013

The Pd0‐catalyzed hydrogenolysis of 2,3‐bis(acetoxymethyl)bicyclo[2.2.1]hepta‐2,5‐diene (1) is described. The influence of various hydride sources on the reaction, as well as different experimental conditions and organophosphorus ligands have been rigorously investigated.
Modified Sulfonated Poly(ether ether ketone) Based Mixed Matrix Membranes for Direct Methanol Fuel Cells
Authors: Meenakshi S. , Bhat S. D. , Sahu A. K. , Sridhar P. , Pitchumani S.
Published: August 2013

Mixed matrix membranes based on zeolite 4A‐methane sulfonic acid (MSA)‐sulfonated poly(ether ether ketone) (SPEEK) are evaluated as a potential polymer electrolyte membrane (PEM) for direct methanol fuel cells (DMFCs). Ion‐exchange capacity, sorption of water, and water–methanol mixture, proton conductivity, and methanol permeability for the mixed‐matrix membranes have been extensively investigated. The mixed‐matrix membranes are also characterized for their cross‐sectional morphology, mechanical, and thermal properties. DMFCs employing SPEEK‐MSA (20 wt.%) blend, zeolite 4A (4 wt.%)‐SPEEK‐MSA (20 wt.%) mixed matrix membranes deliver peak power densities of 130 and 159 mW cm–2, respectively; while a peak power density of only 95 mW cm–2 is obtained for the DMFC employing pristine SPEEK membrane at 70 °C. The results showed that these SPEEK based mixed matrix membranes exhibit higher DMFC performance and lower methanol permeability in comparison to Nafion‐117 membrane.
Parameterizing bubble‐mediated air‐sea gas exchange and its effect on ocean ventilation
Authors: Liang Jun‐Hong , Deutsch Curtis , McWilliams James C. , Baschek Burkard , Sullivan Peter P. , Chiba David
Published: August 2013

Bubbles play an important role in the exchange of gases between the atmosphere and ocean, altering both the rate of exchange and the equilibrium gas saturation state. We develop a parameterization of bubble‐mediated gas fluxes for use in Earth system models. The parameterization is derived from a mechanistic model of the oceanic boundary layer that simulates turbulent flows and the size spectrum of bubbles across a range of wind speeds and is compared against other published formulations. Bubble‐induced surface supersaturation increases rapidly with wind speed and is inversely related to temperature at a given wind speed, making the effect of bubbles greatest in regions that ventilate the deep ocean. The bubble‐induced supersaturation in high‐latitude surface waters compensates a substantial fraction of the undersaturation caused by surface cooling. Using a global ocean transport model, we show that this parameterization reproduces observed saturation rate profiles of the noble gas Argon in the deep Atlantic and Pacific Oceans. The abyssal argon supersaturation caused by bubbles varies according to gas solubility, ranging from ∼0.7% for soluble gases like CO2 to ∼1.7% for less soluble gases such as N2. Bubble‐induced supersaturation may be significant for biologically active gases such as oxygen.
Phosphoramides: Synthesis, Spectroscopy, and X‐ray Crystallography
Authors: Gholivand Khodayar , Shariatinia Zahra , Oroujzadeh Nasrin
Published: August 2013

A series of new phosphoramides with general formula RP(O)X2, where R = amino/p‐methylphenoxy and X = amine, were synthesized and characterized by 1H, 13C, 31P nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR), and infrared (IR) spectroscopy and elemental analysis. The 31P{1H} NMR spectra show that among compounds 7–9 containing 2‐, 3‐, and 4‐aminopyridinyl moieties, respectively, the shielding order of the P atom decreases as 7 > 9 > 8. Also, the structure of compound 7 was determined by X‐ray crystallography. In this structure, repeated noncentrosymmetric dimers are formed by two strong intermolecular N(1)‐H(1N)…N(2) and N(3)‐H(3N)…O(1) hydrogen bonds. Taking into account weak intermolecular C(17)‐H(17C)…N(4), C(17)‐H(17E)…N(4), C(2)‐H(2A)…O(2), and also weak aromatic C—H…C interactions, a three‐dimensional polymeric chain is created in the crystalline network. The density functional theory calculations at B3LYP, B3PW91, and M06 levels using the 6–31+G** basis set were in good agreement with the X‐ray crystallography data.