bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Reversible modulation of polymer chain mobility by selective cage opening and closing of pendant boratrane units
Authors: Takahashi Akira , Yamanishi Masahiro , Kameyama Atsushi , Otsuka Hideyuki
Published: November 2024

As a simple and versatile methodology for large modulation of polymer chain mobility, we report the selective opening and closing reactions of cage-shaped triethanolamine borate (TEAB) at polymer side chains and their effect on the thermal properties of the parent polymers. A series of TEAB-pendant polymethacrylates was synthesized by common free-radical polymerization using TEAB-containing methacrylate. Boron vertex removal from the pendant TEAB groups proceeded quantitatively via hydrolysis at room temperature to afford triethanolamine (TEA), an open cage structure. Differential scanning calorimetry revealed that the pendant TEAB/TEA interconversion induces a large variation in the glass transition temperature (Tg) of the parent polymers up to 166 °C, as a result of the contrasting conformational flexibility of the rigid TEAB and flexible TEA. Regeneration of the pendant TEAB group (cage closing) also proceeded in a highly selective manner by adding a commercially available borate ester to the TEA-pendant polymer. The mechanism underlying the high reaction selectivity was investigated using density functional theory calculations. The borated product showed a comparable Tg to that of the pristine TEAB-pendant polymer, demonstrating the efficiency of TEAB/TEA interconversion for reversible and large modulation of polymer chain flexibility.
Dimerization of ADAR1 modulates site-specificity of RNA editing
Authors: Mboukou Allegra , Rajendra Vinod , Messmer Serafina , Mandl Therese C. , Catala Marjorie , Tisné Carine , Jantsch Michael F. , Barraud Pierre
Published: November 2024

Adenosine-to-inosine editing is catalyzed by adenosine deaminases acting on RNA (ADARs) in double-stranded RNA (dsRNA) regions. Although three ADARs exist in mammals, ADAR1 is responsible for the vast majority of the editing events and acts on thousands of sites in the human transcriptome. ADAR1 has been proposed to form a stable homodimer and dimerization is suggested to be important for editing activity. In the absence of a structural basis for the dimerization of ADAR1, and without a way to prevent dimer formation, the effect of dimerization on enzyme activity or site specificity has remained elusive. Here, we report on the structural analysis of the third double-stranded RNA-binding domain of ADAR1 (dsRBD3), which reveals stable dimer formation through a large inter-domain interface. Exploiting these structural insights, we engineered an interface-mutant disrupting ADAR1-dsRBD3 dimerization. Notably, dimerization disruption did not abrogate ADAR1 editing activity but intricately affected editing efficiency at selected sites. This suggests a complex role for dimerization in the selection of editing sites by ADARs, and makes dimerization a potential target for modulating ADAR1 editing activity.
Personalised antimicrobial susceptibility testing with clinical prediction modelling informs appropriate antibiotic use
Authors: Howard Alex , Hughes David M. , Green Peter L. , Velluva Anoop , Gerada Alessandro , Maskell Simon , Buchan Iain E. , Hope William
Published: November 2024

Antimicrobial susceptibility testing is a key weapon against antimicrobial resistance. Diagnostic microbiology laboratories use one-size-fits-all testing approaches that are often imprecise, inefficient, and inequitable. Here, we report a personalised approach that adapts laboratory testing for urinary tract infection to maximise the number of appropriate treatment options for each patient. We develop and assess susceptibility prediction models for 12 antibiotics on real-world healthcare data using an individual-level simulation study. When combined with decision thresholds that prioritise selection of World Health Organisation Access category antibiotics (those least likely to induce antimicrobial resistance), the personalised approach delivers more susceptible results (results that encourage prescription of that antibiotic) per specimen for Access category antibiotics than a standard testing approach, without compromising provision of susceptible results overall. Here, we show that personalised antimicrobial susceptibility testing could help tackle antimicrobial resistance by safely providing more Access category antibiotic treatment options to clinicians managing urinary tract infection.
Functional annotation of the Hippo pathway somatic mutations in human cancers
Authors: Han Han , Huang Zhen , Xu Congsheng , Seo Gayoung , An Jeongmin , Yang Bing , Liu Yuhan , Lan Tian , Yan Jiachen , Ren Shanshan , Xu Yue , Xiao Di , Yan Jonathan K. , Ahn Claire , Fishman Dmitry A. , Meng Zhipeng , Guan Kun-Liang , Qi Ruxi , Luo Ray , Wang Wenqi
Published: November 2024

The Hippo pathway is commonly altered in cancer initiation and progression; however, exactly how this pathway becomes dysregulated to promote human cancer development remains unclear. Here we analyze the Hippo somatic mutations in the human cancer genome and functionally annotate their roles in targeting the Hippo pathway. We identify a total of 85 loss-of-function (LOF) missense mutations for Hippo pathway genes and elucidate their underlying mechanisms. Interestingly, we reveal zinc-finger domain as an integral structure for MOB1 function, whose LOF mutations in head and neck cancer promote tumor growth. Moreover, the schwannoma/meningioma-derived NF2 LOF mutations not only inhibit its tumor suppressive function in the Hippo pathway, but also gain an oncogenic role for NF2 by activating the VANGL-JNK pathway. Collectively, our study not only offers a rich somatic mutation resource for investigating the Hippo pathway in human cancers, but also provides a molecular basis for Hippo-based cancer therapy.
Dielectric tensor prediction for inorganic materials using latent information from preferred potential
Authors: Mao Zetian , Li WenWen , Tan Jethro
Published: November 2024

Dielectrics are crucial for technologies like flash memory, CPUs, photovoltaics, and capacitors, but public data on these materials are scarce, restricting research and development. Existing machine learning models have focused on predicting scalar polycrystalline dielectric constants, neglecting the directional nature of dielectric tensors essential for material design. This study leverages multi-rank equivariant structural embeddings from a universal neural network potential to enhance predictions of dielectric tensors. We develop an equivariant readout decoder to predict total, electronic, and ionic dielectric tensors while preserving O(3) equivariance, and benchmark its performance against state-of-the-art algorithms. Virtual screening of thermodynamically stable materials from Materials Project for two discovery tasks, high-dielectric and highly anisotropic materials, identifies promising candidates including Cs2Ti(WO4)3 (band gap Eg = 2.93eV, dielectric constant ε = 180.90) and CsZrCuSe3 (anisotropic ratio αr = 121.89). The results demonstrate our model’s accuracy in predicting dielectric tensors and its potential for discovering novel dielectric materials.
The shared genetic architecture and evolution of human language and musical rhythm
Authors: Alagöz Gökberk , Eising Else , Mekki Yasmina , Bignardi Giacomo , Fontanillas Pierre ,   23andMe Research Team, Aslibekyan Stella , Auton Adam , Babalola Elizabeth , Bell Robert K. , Bielenberg Jessica , Bowes Jonathan , Bryc Katarzyna , Chaudhary Ninad S. , Coker Daniella , Das Sayantan , DelloRusso Emily , Elson Sarah L. , Eriksson Nicholas , Filshtein Teresa , Freyman Will , Fuller Zach , German Chris , Granka Julie M. , Heilbron Karl , Hernandez Alejandro , Hicks Barry , Hinds David A. , Jewett Ethan M. , Jiang Yunxuan , Kukar Katelyn , Kwong Alan , Liang Yanyu , Lin Keng-Han , Llamas Bianca A. , McIntyre Matthew H. , Micheletti Steven J. , Moreno Meghan E. , Nandakumar Priyanka , Nguyen Dominique T. , O’Connell Jared , Petrakovitz Aaron A. , Poznik G. David , Reynoso Alexandra , Saini Shubham , Schumacher Morgan , Selcer Leah , Shastri Anjali J. , Shelton Janie F. , Shi Jingchunzi , Shringarpure Suyash , Su Qiaojuan Jane , Tat Susana A. , Tran Vinh , Tung Joyce Y. , Wang Xin , Wang Wei , Weldon Catherine H. , Wilton Peter , Wong Corinna D. , Nivard Michel G. , Luciano Michelle , Cox Nancy J. , Fisher Simon E. , Gordon Reyna L.
Published: November 2024

This study aimed to test theoretical predictions over biological underpinnings of previously documented phenotypic correlations between human language-related and musical rhythm traits. Here, after identifying significant genetic correlations between rhythm, dyslexia and various language-related traits, we adapted multivariate methods to capture genetic signals common to genome-wide association studies of rhythm (N = 606,825) and dyslexia (N = 1,138,870). The results revealed 16 pleiotropic loci (P < 5 × 10−8) jointly associated with rhythm impairment and dyslexia, and intricate shared genetic and neurobiological architectures. The joint genetic signal was enriched for foetal and adult brain cell-specific regulatory regions, highlighting complex cellular composition in their shared underpinnings. Local genetic correlation with a key white matter tract (the left superior longitudinal fasciculus-I) substantiated hypotheses about auditory–motor connectivity as a genetically influenced, evolutionarily relevant neural endophenotype common to rhythm and language processing. Overall, we provide empirical evidence of multiple aspects of shared biology linking language and musical rhythm, contributing novel insight into the evolutionary relationships between human musicality and linguistic communication traits.
Stage-based colorectal cancer prediction on uncertain dataset using rough computing and LSTM models
Authors: Supriya K. , Anitha A.
Published: November 2024

Artificial intelligence (AI) is an attractive field of Computer Science that helps to classify and to predict various real-time applications. Perhaps AI has a major role in predicting diseases at an early stage based on history. As cancer is one of the most harmful diseases where the mortality rate is high, it is now essential to utilize the benefits of AI to have an early diagnosis of cancer. Among various cancers, Colorectal cancer (CRC) is a common form of gastrointestinal cancer, and its treatment is lengthy and costly, with a high recurrence rate and high fatality rate. Initial disease analysis and prognosis are required to improve the patient’s treatment with a better survival analysis. However, the disease prediction process depends on the collected data, where the data may contain uncertainty. Uncertain data leads to wrong predictions. Thus, it is essential to utilize rough computing, a mathematical tool to deal with uncertainty. This paper has made an effort, to handle uncertainty using a rough set of fuzzy approximation space as pre-processing and utilized Unidirectional and Bidirectional LSTM for the classification and prediction process. Thus, to demonstrate improved predictive accuracy, the proposed model adapted the optimizers and evaluated using benchmarking techniques in predicting stage-based survival rate. The comparative analysis shows that the proposed model performs well against the state-of-the-art models and can help the medical practitioner to detect CRC at an early stage and reduce the mortality rate among human beings.
Novel analytical perspectives on nonlinear instabilities of viscoelastic Bingham fluids in MHD flow fields
Authors: Moatimid Galal M. , Mohamed Yasmeen M.
Published: November 2024

The nonlinear stability of a plane interface separating two Bingham fluids and fully saturated in porous media is inspected in the existing work. The two fluids are compressed by a normal magnetic field. The two fluids have diverse viscoelasticity, densities, magnetic, and porosity medium, with the existence of surface tension at the interface. The motivation of applied physics and engineering relations has encouraged the discussion of the current paper. Because the mathematical behavior is rather complex, the viscoelasticity involvement is reproduced only at the surface of separation, which is well-known as the viscous potential theory. Thereby, the equations of movement are scrutinized in a linear form, whereas a set of nonlinear boundary conditions are supposed. This procedure produces a nonlinear expressive nonlinear partial differential equation of the interface displacement. The non-perturbative approach which is based on the He’s frequency formula is employed to transform the nonlinear distinguishing ordinary differential equation with complex coefficients into a linear one. A novel process relying on the non-perturbative approach is utilized to examine the nonlinear stability and scrutinize the interface presentation. A non-dimensional analysis produces several dimensionless physical numerals. To validate the new approach, a comparison between the non-perturbative approach and its corresponding linear ordinary differential equation via the Mathematica Software is described and interpreted through a set of diagrams. Additionally, the Polar graphs have been elucidated. It is found that the mechanism of the stability does not change in the cases of real and complex coefficients.
Evaluation of radiological hazards associated with some Egyptian marble and granite rocks
Authors: El-Nahal M. A , Alawy Mahmoud K. , Elsafi Mohamed
Published: November 2024

The aim of the current study is to evaluate the radioactivity estimate the radiological risk of some granites and marbles rocks and explaining the cause of increased radioactivity in some types of rocks. The radioactivity of some granites and marbles produced in Egypt were determined by using a Germanium detector. Three types of marble (Breshia, Galala, and Trista) and three types of granite (Gandola, White Halayeb, and Red Aswani) were collected. All marble samples show low radioactivity with average activity concentrations of 20 ± 2, 4.50 ± 0.5, and 6.70 ± 1.2 Bqkg− 1 for 226Ra, 232Th, and 40K respectively. Granite samples have higher activity concentration with averages of 152 ± 7, 129 ± 8, and 1228 ± 15 Bqkg− 1 for 226Ra, 232Th, and 40K respectively which exceed the world average values of soil (32,45,412 Bqkg− 1 for 226Ra, 232Th, and 40K respectively) excluding Granite G.2 (white Halayeb) as it shows an insignificant level of radioactivity. The annual effective doses of marble samples Breshia, Galala, and Trista were measured to be 4.42 ± 0.4; 158 ± 14 and 153 ± 15 µSvy− 1, and 1008 ± 147, 80 ± 7 and 987 ± 45.0 µSvy− 1 for the granite samples Gandola, White Halayeb and Red Aswani respectively. The radiation hazard parameters show a higher value for granite samples than marble samples, primarily due to the presence of potassium feldspar minerals in these types of granites. marbles were observed to be radiologically safer than granite because they possess a neglected 40K content and a trace quantity of uranium and thorium. Moreover, the minimum potassium content is enough to make a rock radiological unsafe due to 40K only being determined to be about 13.2%.
The relationship between climate classes and particulate matters over Europe
Authors: Pražnikar Jure
Published: November 2024

Present and future Köppen-Geiger climate maps and time series of particulate matter (PM10) at continental scale were used to investigate the relationship between spatial patterns of PM10 and climate zones. Five main patterns (spatial clusters) of PM10 were found over the European continent, which show a good spatial overlap with the main Köppen-Geiger climate zones. The map of future climate, which shows a poleward movement of the warmer climate zones, an expansion of the (semi-)arid zones and a shrinking of the polar and tundra zones, indicates a higher PM10 concentration, especially in the northern part of Europe. The results also show that there is a temporal shift (later/earlier) of PM10 extremes in the period 2013–2022. This insight into the relationship between climate zones and clustered PM10 time series and the use of high-quality future climate maps based on different scenarios can be used to estimate possible changes, such as annual averages or seasonal cycles, in PM10 concentrations.
Ultra-weak photon emission from DNA
Authors: Pietruszka Mariusz , Marzec Marek
Published: November 2024

It is conventionally believed that macromolecules found in living cells, including DNA, RNA, and proteins, do not exhibit inherent light emission. However, recent studies have challenged this concept by demonstrating spontaneous light emission from nucleic acids under certain conditions and physiological temperatures. By noninvasive monitoring of barley genomic DNA and advanced statistical physics analyses, temperature-induced dynamic entropy fluctuations and fractal dimension oscillations were identified at a key organizational threshold. The study revealed evidence for non-equilibrium phase transitions, a noticeable photovoltaic current jump at zero bias voltage, and a proportional increase (scaling) of the photoinduced current corresponding to increasing amounts of DNA. In addition, we estimated DNA’s energy production rate at criticality and introduced an interferometer using coherent light emissions from the DNA-water interface. These findings suggest that DNA is a major source of ultraweak photon emission in biological systems.
Atrial cardiomyopathy in endurance athletes
Authors: Spencer L. W. , D’Ambrosio P. , Ohanian M. , Rowe S. J. , Janssens K. , Claessen G. , Fatkin D. , La Gerche A.
Published: November 2024

Abstract

Atrial cardiomyopathy is characterized by electrical and structural remodeling of the atria, which can predispose to arrhythmias and thromboembolic stroke. Changes in atrial size and function are frequently observed in athletes engaged in endurance sports, a phenomenon known as “athlete’s heart.” Common left atrial observations in athletes may include larger left atrial volumes but lower left atrioventricular volume ratios, mildly reduced left atrial strain, possible mild left atrial fibrosis, longer P-wave duration, and greater atrial ectopic activity. However, it remains unclear whether these changes represent physiological adaptations to endurance exercise or disease-promoting pathology. While the athlete’s heart is considered a benign physiological phenomenon, endurance athletes have an established risk of atrial fibrillation. Therefore, atrial cardiomyopathy represents a significant consideration in disease prognostication and the development of management strategies for athletes. This review examines current literature with respect to the clinical features, causes, and consequences of atrial cardiomyopathy in athletes.
Photovoltaic bioelectronics merging biology with new generation semiconductors and light in biophotovoltaics photobiomodulation and biosensing
Authors: Joseph Ebin , Ciocca Manuela , Wu Haodong , Marcozzi Serena , Ucci Maria Assunta , Keremane Kavya , Zheng Luyao , Poudel Bed , Wu Congcong , Camaioni Antonella , Wang Kai , Priya Shashank , Brown Thomas M.
Published: November 2024

This review covers advancements in biosensing, biophotovoltaics, and photobiomodulation, focusing on the synergistic use of light, biomaterials, cells or tissues, interfaced with photosensitive dye-sensitized, perovskite, and conjugated polymer organic semiconductors or nanoparticles. Integration of semiconductor and biological systems, using non-invasive light-probes or -stimuli for both sensing and controlling biological behavior, has led to groundbreaking applications like artificial retinas. From fusion of photovoltaics and biology, a new research field emerges: photovoltaic bioelectronics.
Application of a simple copper(ii) complex compound as an epinephrine selective voltammetric sensor in the presence of uric acid under aqueous conditions
Authors: Nowicka Daria , Garbaczewski Karol , Łuczak Teresa , Forte Giuseppe , Consiglio Giuseppe , Kubicki Maciej , Patroniak Violetta , Gorczyński Adam
Published: November 2024

A new monometallic copper(ii) complex forms a self-assembled monolayer on gold electrode surface, becoming an electrochemical sensor which detects epinephrine alone and in the presence of interferents under aqueous conditions.
pKa of alcohols dictates their reactivity with reduced uranium-substituted thiomolybdate clusters
Authors: Patra Kamaless , Brennessel William W. , Matson Ellen M.
Published: November 2024

Addition of alcohols with varying acidities to the reduced uranium-substituted thiomolybdate cluster, (Cp*3Mo3S4)UCp*, reveals pKa dependent activation of the O–H bond.
New cobalt-based metal–organic frameworks for catalysing sulfite in the degradation of reactive brilliant red
Authors: Zhang Yi-Ru , Liang Yan-Bing , Jian Dan , Wu Jian-Zhong , Ou Yong-Cong
Published: November 2024

MOFs with flexible cycloalkane-polycarboxylate and bipyridyl linkers, showing similar 2D layered structures with 5-coordinated and/or 6-coordianted cobalt ions, could activate sulfite ions to effectively degrade X3B in assistance of adsorption.
Nutritional supplementation during tuberculosis treatment to improve clinical symptoms: a double-blinded placebo-controlled randomized trial
Authors: Yang Yang , Cai Jing , Wang Xinfang , Zhao Kuan , Lei Zhixuan , Han Wenge , Yin Xiangyu , Yan Kun , Hu Yidan , Zhang Bo , Xu Lei , Guo Xin , Xu Yanqiu , Xiong Ke , Gao Tianlin , Ma Yan , Zhong Feng , Wang Qiuzhen , Sun Yongye , Wang Jinyu , Ma Aiguo
Published: November 2024

The nutrition package improved the clinical symptoms (e.g. chest pain and expectoration) and the nutritional status of tuberculosis.
Electrophoretically deposited artificial cathode electrolyte interphase for improved performance of NMC622 at high voltage operation
Authors: Anconina Inbar , Golodnitsky Diana
Published: November 2024

A composite film, composed of Li6PS5Cl ion-conducting nanoparticles and a polymerized ionic liquid binder, was electrophoretically deposited onto the LiNi0.6Mn0.2Co0.2O2 cathode surface, forming an artificial cathode electrolyte interphase.
Biomimetic haloperoxidases for antifouling on the surface of marine materials: a review
Authors: Yang Meinan , Wang Nan , Zhang Ruiyong , Khan Sikandar , Hou Baorong , Sand Wolfgang
Published: November 2024

The picture illustrates most of the haloperoxidases that have been reported.
Structural, thermal, and optical spectroscopic studies of Sm3+-doped Ba2ZnSi2O7 phosphors for optical thermometry applications
Authors: Tejas  , Princy A. , Kennedy S. Masilla Moses , Mishra Vikash , Sayyed M. I. , Hanafy Taha A. , Kamath Sudha D.
Published: November 2024

Samarium-doped Ba2ZnSi2O7 orange red-emitting phosphors for novel application in temperature measurement were prepared by a solid-state synthesis method.
Correction: Application of carbon-based nanomaterials in Alzheimer's disease
Authors: Bai Mengyao , Shao Xu , Wang Chao , Wang Juanxia , Wang Xin , Guan Ping , Hu Xiaoling
Published: November 2024

Correction for ‘Application of carbon-based nanomaterials in Alzheimer's disease’ by Mengyao Bai et al., Mater. Horiz., 2024, https://doi.org/10.1039/D4MH01256A.
Synthesis and applications of luminescent metal organic frameworks (MOFs) for sensing dipicolinic acid in biological and water samples: a review
Authors: Kayani Kawan F. , Shatery Omer B. A. , Mohammed Sewara J. , Ahmed Harez Rashid , Hamarawf Rebaz F. , Mustafa Muhammad S.
Published: November 2024

This review article discusses and summarizes the synthesis and applications of luminescent metal–organic frameworks (MOFs) for sensing dipicolinic acid in biological and water samples.
Bimetallic PdPt nanoparticle-incorporated PEDOT:PSS/guar gum-blended membranes for enhanced CO2 separation
Authors: Saini Nishel , Pandey Gaurav , Sharma Ankit , Pandey Kamakshi , Awasthi Kamlendra
Published: November 2024

Novel membranes have been prepared utilizing natural polymer guar gum (GG), conjugate polymer (poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene)-poly(styrenesulfonate)) PEDOT:PSS, and bimetallic PdPt nanoparticles for efficient CO2 separation.
Unveiling the potential of Cu–Pd/CdS catalysts to supply and rectify electron transfer for H2 generation from water splitting
Authors: Hussain Ejaz , Idrees Mamoona , Jalil Muhammad , Abid Muhammad Zeeshan , Aljohani Khalid , Rafiq Khezina
Published: November 2024

As a future fuel, obtaining hydrogen from water could be a game changer for the renewable energy sector, because it has the potential to be used as an alternative to fossil fuels. Graphical abstract designed using image provided by Freepik.
Pentagon-embedded N-doped coumarinacenes: tandem synthesis and tunable photophysical attributes for biomolecular probing
Authors: Nitisha  , Sahu Sonali , Parthasarathy Venkatakrishnan
Published: November 2024

The pentagon-embedded, nitrogen-doped coumarinacenes exhibit high photostability, solvent-tunable absorption and blue-to-red emission with exceptional fluorescence quantum yields, showcasing their potential as bioprobes for biomolecular studies.
Synthesis of LNA gapmers that replace a phosphorothioate linkage with a sulfonamide in the gap region, and their ability to form duplexes with complementary RNA targets
Authors: Seio Kohji , Ohnishi Rie , Tachibana Shigetoshi , Mikagi Hiroki , Masaki Yoshiaki
Published: November 2024

LNA gapmers containing a sulfonamide unit were synthesized to confirm the basic properties as antisense nucleic acids.
Herceptin-conjugated plasmonic gold nanocapsules for targeted NIR-II photothermal therapy
Authors: Singh Prem , Sarkar Ankita , Mukherjee Nivedita , Jaiswal Amit
Published: November 2024

Herceptin-conjugated gold nanocapsules, active in both NIR I and II regions, exhibited excellent photothermal efficiency and cytotoxicity, leading to apoptotic cell death in Her2-positive SK-BR-3 breast cancer cells.
A dual-purpose copper(i) coordination polymer for the construction of self-driven photoinduced C–H arylation systems
Authors: Zhang Yue , Zhang Ying-Ying , Li Shuo , Wang Fei , Tao Yuanmeng , Cui Jiaxing , Huang Chao , Mi Liwei
Published: November 2024

A dual-purpose copper(i) coordination polymer was synthesized for a self-powered photocatalytic system, serving as both a triboelectric layer for fabricating triboelectric nanogenerators and a photocatalyst for catalyzing the C–H arylation reaction.
Developments and perspectives of transition metal–nitrogen–carbon catalysts with a regulated coordination environment for enhanced oxygen reduction reaction performance
Authors: Zhao Wei-Wei , Niu Wen-Jun , Li Ru-Ji , Yu Bing-Xin , Cai Chen-Yu , Wang Fu-Ming , Xu Li-Yang
Published: November 2024

In this review, the strategies (e.g. coordination number, types of N, heteroatom coordination or doping in M–Nx, and synergies of clusters or nanoparticles in M–Nx) and key challenges in regulating TM-N–C catalysts are discussed.
Copper-catalyzed N–H bond chalcogenation of anilines
Authors: Patel Monak , Panday Rishukumar , Dholakiya Bharatkumar Z. , Naveen Togati
Published: November 2024

The chalcogen–nitrogen bond (X–N, where X = S, Se) is a key chemical motif in many structures, including inorganic and organic materials, catalysts, protein mimics, and pharmaceuticals.
Modulation of miR-205 expression using a Cheiranthus cheiri phyto-nano hybrid as a potential therapeutic agent against breast cancer
Authors: Razzaq Fatima , Shahid Samiah , Shahid Wajeehah
Published: November 2024

Breast cancer is the fifth major cause of fatalities associated with cancer worldwide and in Pakistan, 34 066 female breast cancer cases were recorded in 2018.
Eco-friendly impact of a novel green Melilotus officinalis extract as a sustainable inhibitor to reduce acid corrosion of copper
Authors: Fouda Abd El-Aziz S. , Rashwan Salah M. , Kamel Medhat M. , Atef Mohamed , El-Hossiany Ahmed
Published: November 2024

In this study, we deployed green Melilotus officinalis extract (MOE) as a corrosion inhibitor for copper.
A review on chloride induced corrosion in reinforced concrete structures: lab and in situ investigation
Authors: Ali Mohsin , Shams Muhammad Alamgeer , Bheel Naraindas , Almaliki Abdulrazak H. , Mahmoud Abubakar Sadiq , Dodo Yakubu Aminu , Benjeddou Omrane
Published: November 2024

Advanced tools like 3D laser scanning, X-ray μCT, and optical fiber sensing now outperform traditional methods like HCP and resistivity tests, which often fail to detect chloride-induced corrosion accurately.
Spectroscopic and photochemical evaluation of stereochemically biased 3′-substituted spiropyran photoswitches
Authors: Boháček Vojtěch , Erbenová Tereza , Malina Jakub Dávid , Kloubcová Marie , Šmahel Michal , Eigner Václav , Tůma Jiří
Published: November 2024

A library of 18 optically biased spiropyran photoswitches were synthesised and evaluated using NMR and UV-vis spectroscopy. A strategy for synthesis of optically active spiropyrans and a new purification method for such compounds are also reported.
Rational design of organic diradicals with robust high-spin ground state based on antiaromatic linkers
Authors: Santiago Raul , Carvajal M. Àngels , Poater Jordi , Moreira Ibério de P. R. , Bromley Stefan T. , Deumal Mercè , Ribas-Ariño Jordi
Published: November 2024

Covalently bonding two π-radical centers through an antiaromatic moiety is shown to be a promising strategy to promote robust triplet ground states in organic diradicals.
Efficient electrocatalytic glucose oxidation coupled water electrolysis driven by Ni-foam supported Ni–P nanowire arrays
Authors: Lou Hengwei , Yang Yikai , Bu Xiuming , Fan Haoxin , Weng Duo , Zhang Jian , Gao Wei , Wen Dan
Published: November 2024

Highly efficient electrocatalytic glucose oxidation reaction (GOR) using Ni–P@NF is realized and the mechanism is in situ explored. This catalyst also achieved superb hydrogen evolution and formic acid generation via GOR-assisted water electrolysis.
Swin‐YOLOX for autonomous and accurate drone visual landing
Authors: Chen Rongbin , Xu Ying , Sinal Mohamad Sabri bin , Zhong Dongsheng , Li Xinru , Li Bo , Guo Yadong , Luo Qingjia
Published: November 2024

As UAVs are more and more widely used in military and civilian fields, their intelligent applications have also been developed rapidly. However, high‐precision autonomous landing is still an industry challenge. GPS‐based methods will not work in places where GPS signals are not available; multi‐sensor combination navigation is difficult to be widely used because of the high equipment requirements; traditional vision‐based methods are sensitive to scale transformation, background complexity and occlusion, which affect the detection performance. In this paper, we address these problems and apply deep learning methods to target detection in the UAV landing phase. Firstly, we optimize the backbone network of YOLOX and propose the Swin Transformer based YOLOX (Swin‐YOLOX) UAV landing visual positioning algorithm. Secondly, based on the UAV‐VPD database, a batch of actual acquisition data is added to build the UAV‐VPDV2 database by AI annotation method. And finally, the RBN data batch normalization method is used to improve the performance of the model in extracting effective features from the data. Extensive experiments have shown that the AP50 of the proposed method can reach 98.7%, which is superior to other detection models, with a detection speed of 38.4 frames/second, and can meet the requirements of real‐time detection.
A complete Herbig disk mass survey in Orion
Authors: Stapper L. M. , Hogerheijde M. R. , van Dishoeck E. F. , Booth A. S. , Grant S. L. , van Terwisga S. E.
Published: November 2024

Context. Disks around intermediate mass stars called Herbig disks are the formation sites of giant exoplanets. Obtaining a complete inventory of these disks will therefore give insights into giant planet formation. However, to date no complete disk survey has been done on Herbig disks in a single star-forming region.

Aims. Our aim is to obtain the first complete survey of Herbig disks. Orion is the only nearby region with a significant number of Herbig disks (N=35) where such a survey can be carried out. The resulting dust mass distribution is compared to other dust mass distributions of disks around proto- and pre-main sequence stars in Orion. In addition, we ascertain whether previous Atacama Large Millimeter/submillimeter Array (ALMA) observations have been biased toward the most massive and brightest Herbig disks.

Methods. Using new Northern Extended Millimeter Array (NOEMA) observations of 25 Herbig disks, in combination with ALMA archival data of 10 Herbig disks, resulted in a complete sample of all known Herbig disks in Orion. Using uv-plane analysis for the NOEMA observed disks, and literature values of the ALMA observed disks, we obtained the dust masses of all Herbig disks and obtained a cumulative dust mass distribution. Additionally, six disks with new CO isotopolog detections are presented, one of which is detected in C17O. We calculated the external ultraviolet (UV) irradiance on each disk and compared the dust mass to it.

Results. We find a median disk dust mass of 11.7 M⊕ for the Herbig disks. Comparing the Herbig disks in Orion to previous surveys for mainly T Tauri disks in Orion, we find that while ~50% of the Herbig disks have a mass higher than 10 M⊕, this is at most 25% for the T Tauri disks. This difference is especially striking when considering that the Herbig disks are around a factor of 2 older than the T Tauri disks. After a comparison to the Herbig disks observed with ALMA from a previous study, no significant difference is found between the distributions. We find a steeper relationship between the dust mass and external UV irradiation (slope of −7.6) compared to that of the T Tauri disks (slope of −1.3). Comparing our results to a recent SPHERE survey of disks in Orion, we see that the Herbig disks present the largest and brightest disks and have structures indicative of gas-giant formation.

Conclusions. Herbig disks are on average more massive compared to T Tauri disks. This work shows the importance of complete samples, giving rise to the need of a complete survey of the Herbig disk population.
A hidden active galactic nucleus powering bright [O III] nebulae in a protocluster at z = 4.5 revealed by JWST
Authors: Solimano M. , González-López J. , Aravena M. , Alcalde Pampliega B. , Assef R. J. , Béthermin M. , Boquien M. , Bovino S. , Casey C. M. , Cassata P. , da Cunha E. , Davies R. L. , De Looze I. , Ding X. , Díaz-Santos T. , Faisst A. L. , Ferrara A. , Fisher D. B. , Förster-Schreiber N. M. , Fujimoto S. , Ginolfi M. , Gruppioni C. , Guaita L. , Hathi N. , Herrera-Camus R. , Ibar E. , Inami H. , Jones G. C. , Koekemoer A. M. , Lee L. L. , Li J. , Liu D. , Liu Z. , Molina J. , Ogle P. , Posses A. C. , Pozzi F. , Relaño M. , Riechers D. A. , Romano M. , Spilker J. , Sulzenauer N. , Telikova K. , Vallini L. , Vasan K. G. C. , Veilleux S. , Vergani D. , Villanueva V. , Wang W. , Yan L. , Zamorani G.
Published: November 2024

Galaxy protoclusters are sites of rapid growth, with a high density of massive galaxies driving elevated rates of star formation and accretion onto supermassive black holes. Here, we present new JWST/NIRSpec IFU observations of the J1000+0234 group at z = 4.54, a dense region of a protocluster hosting a massive, dusty star forming galaxy (DSFG). The new data reveal two extended, high-equivalent-width (EW0 > 1000 Å) [O III] nebulae that appear at both sides of the DSFG along its minor axis (namely O3-N and O3-S). On one hand, the spectrum of O3-N shows a broad and blueshifted component with a full width at half maximum (FWHM) of ∼1300 km s−1, suggesting an outflow origin. On the other hand, O3-S stretches over 8.6 kpc, and has a velocity gradient that spans 800 km s−1, but shows no evidence of a broad component. However, both sources seem to be powered at least partially by an active galactic nucleus (AGN), so we classified them as extended emission-line regions (EELRs). The strongest evidence comes from the detection of the high-ionization [Ne V] λ 3427 line toward O3-N, which paired with the lack of hard X-rays implies an obscuring column density above the Compton-thick regime. The [Ne V] line is not detected in O3-S, but we measure a He IIλ 4687 /Hβ = 0.25, which is well above the expectation for star formation. Despite the remarkable alignment of O3-N and O3-S with two radio sources, we do not find evidence of shocks from a radio jet that could be powering the EELRs. We interpret this as O3-S being externally irradiated by the AGN, akin to the famous Hanny’s Voorwerp object in the local Universe. In addition, more classical line ratio diagnostics (e.g., [O III]/Hβ vs [N II]/Hα) put the DSFG itself in the AGN region of the diagrams, and therefore suggest it to be the most probable AGN host. These results showcase the ability of JWST to unveil obscured AGN at high redshifts.
A catalog of ringed galaxies in the TNG50 simulation: Analysis of their properties and structure
Authors: Fernandez Julia , Sillero Emanuel , Alonso Sol , Tissera Patricia
Published: November 2024

Aims. We explore galaxies with ringed structures in the TNG50 simulation to study their frequency and the influence of physical processes on their properties and morphologies.

Methods. The catalog of ringed galaxies was compiled through visual classification of synthetic images from the TNG50 simulation. Galaxies were selected based on specific criteria: a redshift range of 0.01 < z < 0.1, stellar mass M⋆ > 109 M⊙, stellar half-mass radius r50 > 1 kpc, and a specific star formation rate (sSFR), log(sSFR/yr−1) > −13. Our classification allowed for differentiation between inner rings, outer rings, combinations of rings – inner + outer (i+o) –, and partial rings (pseudo-rings), including barred and non-barred ringed galaxies. We constructed a suitable control sample of non-ringed galaxies with similar redshift, stellar mass, and environmental density distributions to those of the ringed ones. The comparison between the galaxies in both samples enabled the analysis of their properties and differences. Finally, we analyzed the surface density of stellar mass (Σ*(r)) to better understand the distribution and structure of the rings in relation to the properties of their host galaxies.

Results. We identified 807 ringed galaxies within the TNG50 simulation. Approximately 59% of these galaxies possess an inner ring, 22% a partial ring, 12% an outer ring, and 7% have i+o rings. Furthermore, our statistical analysis reveals that a notable 64% (507 galaxies) exhibit bars. In terms of physical properties, we find that ringed galaxies exhibit a lower efficiency for star formation activity, reduced gas fractions, redder colors, and higher metallicities with respect to non-ringed disk objects. Moreover, ringed galaxies display greater variability in metallicity for a given stellar mass compared to their non-ringed counterparts, indicating distinct evolutionary processes. From the analysis of radial profiles, we find that galaxies with outer rings exhibit a r50 similar to or slightly larger than their control group, while those with inner or partial rings tend to have smaller sizes. A deeper exploration of radial density profiles revealed a pronounced central mass deficit preceding the ring structures, with inner and outer rings located approximately at r50 and 1.5 r50, respectively. Galaxies with both i+o rings have inner rings that are more compact and massive. Additionally, galaxies with partial rings exhibit deeper mass profiles than their controls, particularly in central areas where pseudo-rings extend beyond r50. These findings not only improve our understanding of galactic evolution in ringed galaxies but also underline the complex interplay between mass distribution and galactic morphology.
Halo mergers enhance the growth of massive black hole seeds
Authors: Prole Lewis R. , Regan John A. , Whalen Daniel J. , Glover Simon C. O. , Klessen Ralf S.
Published: November 2024

Context. High-redshift observations of 109 M⊙ supermassive black holes (SMBHs) at z ∼ 7 and ‘little red dots’ that may host over-massive black holes (BHs) at z > 4 suggests the existence of so-called heavy seeds (> 1000 M⊙) in the early Universe. Recent work has suggested that the rapid assembly of halos may be the key to forming heavy seeds early enough in the Universe to match such observations, as the high rate of accretion into the halo suppresses the cooling ability of H2, allowing it to quickly accrete up to the atomic cooling limit of 107 M⊙ prior to the run-away collapse of baryonic gas within its dark matter (DM) potential, without the need for extreme radiation fields or DM streaming velocities.

Aims. While the rapid assembly of halos can lead to increased halo masses upon the onset of collapse, it remains unclear if this leads to higher-mass BH seeds. As a common route for halos to grow rapidly is via halo-halo mergers, we aim to test what effects such a merger occurring during the initial gas collapse has on the formation of BH seeds.

Methods. We performed simulations of BH seed formation in four distinct idealised halo collapse scenarios: an isolated 106 M⊙ minihalo, an isolated 107 M⊙ atomic halo, the direct collision of two 107 M⊙ halos, and a fly-by collision of two 107 M⊙ halos. We simulated the collapse of the gas down to scales of ∼0.0075 pc before inserting sink particles as BH seeds and captured a further 10 Myr of accretion.

Results. We have shown that halo collisions create a central environment of increased density, inside which BH seeds can accrete at higher rates. For direct collisions, the gas density peaks are disrupted by the interaction, as the collisionless DM peaks pass through each other while the colliding gas is left in the centre, removing the BH from its accretion source. When the central density peaks instead experience a fly-by interaction, the BH remains embedded in the dense gas and maintains higher accretion rates throughout the simulated period compared to the isolated halo cases. The total simulated period was 70 Myr, and we followed the evolution of the BH for the final 10 Myr. The BH spends the final 6 Myr embedded in the dense, shocked region. The final mass of the BH is a factor of 2 greater than in the isolated atomic halo case, and a factor of 3 greater than the minihalo case, reaching 104 M⊙ via its 0.03 pc accretion radius. As the maximum halo mass before collapse is determined by the atomic cooling limit of a few times 107 M⊙, the ability of halo-halo mergers to further boost the rates of accretion onto the central object may play a crucial role in growing SMBH seeds, which is needed to explain recent observations of seemingly over-massive BHs at high redshifts.
Sustainable Tourism: Re-Mapping Stakeholders in the Darma Reservoir Tourism Attraction
Authors: Kusumawardhani Fajarwaty , Pradhana Arief
Published: November 2024

This paper discusses the stakeholders in the tourist area, in this case, the Darma Reservoir, Kuningan Regency, Cirebon, West Java. What is interesting in this study is that the government as a stakeholder is divided into two parties, the government as Regional Government through regional companies (BUMD), and the government as Village Government. This structure-initiated dualism in the management of the Darma Reservoir and gave rise to initiative and innovation for village residents in the tourist area to accelerate the economic turnaround in their village. Unlike traditional single-tier governance in tourism, this dual structure supports long-term sustainable tourism in the Darma Reservoir area in general. The method used in this research is a qualitative research method with a case study approach and purposive sampling. The findings of this research emphasize the urgency of stakeholders mapping in tourist areas, for sustainability in the tourism sector. The novelty of this study lies in its proposal of an adaptive stakeholder framework that reconciles diverse interests within sustainable tourism planning, offering insights for other regions facing similar governance challenges.
Local Community Governance in Smart Village Development: A Bibliometric Analysis
Authors: Fazira Arni , Sudarmo Sudarmo , Yuliani Sri
Published: November 2024

To explain about sustainable smart villages, support and cooperation from various parties are needed, both stakeholders, government, and the community. Local communities can be involved in the context of local government in overcoming and identifying various social problems and building cooperation or collaboration through networks with the government to overcome various social problems. This study aims to determine the development of research trends on local community governance in developing smart villages. Research data were taken from the literature available in the Scopus and ScienceDirect databases with a total of 1679 documents and analyzed using bibliometric methods to examine local community governance in publications on smart village development. The results of the study show that research on local community governance in developing smart villages has increased since it was first published in 2000 to 2024. This topic is interesting because it is related to environmental science, and local communities play an important role in smart village development efforts.
Upgrading Bio-Fuel from Jatropha Oil via Onepot Transesterification-Isomerisation Using Solid Acid Catalysts
Authors: Dewi Wahyu Narulita , Murayama Hitomi , Mutamima Anisa , Purnama Indra
Published: November 2024

This study used transesterification-isomerisation processes to synthesise biodiesel from non-edible vegetable oils, specifically jatropha oil and palm fatty acid distillate (PFAD). To facilitate the separation of products, both were conducted in a batch reactor with a solid acid catalyst. Additionally, a one-pot isomerisation reaction was carried out to improve the cold flow properties of the biodiesel by reducing its cloud point. The skeletal isomerisation results showed a significant variation in the conversion rate of methyl oleate, ranging from 0% to 100% at 250°C, depending on the catalyst used. Al-SBA-15 achieved a 100% conversion rate at 250°C, significantly reducing the biodiesel cloud point. The esterification reaction results indicated that the conversion rate of fatty acids was 100% at 150°C when either MPS (sulfonic SBA-15) or Al-SBA-15 catalysts were used. Moreover, by increasing the skeletal isomer product, the viscosity and melting point of upgraded bio-oil can be decreased.
Do people with disabilities have rights in the political arena? A legal study on disability rights
Authors: Widya Fenty , Wahyuni Sri
Published: November 2024

In national life, politics is a basic right for every citizen to fulfill, including people with disabilities. However, what happens is that people with disabilities are very minimally involved and involved in the political arena, so from this aspect there is still discrimination against people with disabilities in Indonesia. This is an on-going problem that requires more to research from various aspects to address the root cause. The aim of this research is to determine the reasons why there is a minimal role for disabled people in the political arena from all existing aspects, namely internal aspects, external aspects, regulatory and statutory aspects. Through literature study, interviews and observation, this study. Aanalyzed the data using qualitative data analysis methods. Results point that, from the aspect of the readiness of disabled people to enter the political arena, it is hampered by low human resources, inadequate education and mental readiness and insufficient funds for disabled people to enter the political arena. From the aspect of political parties, the government and society are still unable to fully accept the existence of disabled people. to be active in the political arena, while in terms of regulations and policies, political rights are actually regulated in Article 13 of Law No. 8 of 2016 concerning Persons with Disabilities, but still require additional regulations and laws and regulations so people with disabilities can be selected as legislative candidates in election contests.