bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
MAIRONIO MĮSLĖ
Authors: Razauskas Dainius
Published: October 2016

Straipsnio objektas – kai kurie Maironio poezijos mitiniai vaizdiniai, tiesiogiai vedantys į baltų mitologiją ir tautosaką, remiantis soneto „Saulei tekant“ antrojo posmo pirmosiomis dviem eilutėmis. Tikslas – parodyti, kad Maironis sekė senąja tradicija daug giliau ir atidžiau nei iki šiol apskritai buvo įsivaizduojama. Straipsnio pabaigoje atkreipiamas dėmesys į vieną kone pažodinį sekimą tradicinėmis lietuvių mįslėmis, ir ne tik turinio bei kalbos, bet ir žanro požiūriu – patį eilėraštį esant sudarytą kaip mįslę. Dėl to Maironis ir pats darosi vis didesnė mįslė.
Influence of zeolites on lead and cadmium content in separate links of trophic chain in hydroecosystems
Authors: Hradovych N. I. , Paranyak R. P. , Zabytivskyi Yu. M.
Published: October 2016

Information about the influence of zeolite used as adsorbent to reduce the concentration of Lead and Cadmium in separate links of trophic chain of hydroecosystem namelyn in water, phytoplankton and muscular tissue of Silver carp is given in the article. As a sorbent we used zeolite of Sokirnitsa deposit (village Sokirnitsa, Khust district Transcarpathian region) of fraction 1.0 – 4.0 mm. Investigations were made at the Lviv research station of Institute of fisheries NAAS (Lviv oblast, Horodok region, Velykyi Lyubin). The sorption properties of natural Transcarpathian clinoptilolite towards Lead and Cadmium at dynamic conditions have been studied. The paper represents research results aimed at estimating effectiveness of removing of Lead and Cadmium ions from hydroecosystems using natural mineral–zeolite. The dynamics of heavy metals content at phytoplankton and muscular tissue of silver carp (Hypophthalmichthys molitrix Valenciennes, 1844) was studied. Measurements were perfomed in pond № 24 (12) area 0.14 hectares which is fed by waters of the river Vereshchytsia. The pond depth is 1 – 1.5 meters.  Results of investigations worked out statistically combining the groups. Considerable lowering of ions content of both metals in water was determined. The lowering of cadmium content in muscular tissue of Silver carp was much noticeable than the content of Lead. Results of such investigations are rather actual and perspective and will help to reduce the content of some toxicants in water medium. Improvement of water ecosystems after use of natural sorbents will guarantee ecologically safe products of fish culture and will increase the efficiency of the branch.
The effectiveness of the use of acidifiers in the industrial growing of broiler chickens
Authors: Demchuschun S. V.
Published: October 2016

As an alternative to feed antibiotics for saving poultry livestock and increasing productivity the acidifiers based on organic and inorganic acids are used more and more frequently. The article represents the results of study of effectiveness of Fidacid acidifier usage for breeding broiler chickens. The study has been conducted on two groups of broiler chickens of Ross 308 breed. The chickens of the experimental group except the full feed–stuff have been given the acidifier at a rate of 1 liter per 1 ton of water. The watering has been carried out from the 27th day of feeding for 10 days (27 – 31 and 34 – 38 days). It has been established that the acidifier watering from the 27th day of breeding chickens has contributed to the increase of preservation of livestock in 4.6%. The overall mortality of chickens has decreased in 2 times (P ≤ 0,001) and amounted to 4.3%, with the permissible limit up to 5%. It has been found that the application of the acidifier has promoted the economy of feed at higher productive indices. There has been a decrease in cost of feed per 1 head in 8.7% (P ≤ 0,01) and a decrease in feed conversion in the experimental group in 0.19 units. This is the evidence of better digestibility of feed and its taking by the bodies of chickens. The live weight of broiler chickens of the experimental group on the 43rd day of breeding increased in 47 grams and carcass weight increased in 30 grams, that is in 1.8% and 1.6% (P ≤ 0,01), respectively. The European index of efficiency in the experimental group has been 56.5 units higher than in the control group of chickens.
Growth and development of bees using organic acids and probiotics
Authors: Dmitruk I. V. , Suhovuha S. M.
Published: October 2016

The second record number of sealed brood, which took place on May 15 showed that consumption of succinic acid pergi helped increase the number of brood grown by 11.2% (P <0.001) and in the experimental group. Feeding bees use citric acid positively affects the amount of brood in the second experimental group. Compared with controls, the number of brood is higher by 7.5% (P < 0.001). Use of feeding bees III experimental group of lactic acid bacteria has increased the brood at 10.0% (P < 0.001). May 27 The difference between the number of counted squares and the control and experimental group is 16.3% (P <0.001), the second experimental group 11.5% (P < 0.001), the third experimental group 13.4% (P < 0.001). In the period, which fell on June 8 development of bee colonies increased, so the difference between the number of counted squares and the control and development of 22.2% (P < 0.001), the second experimental group 17.8% (P < 0.001), the third research group 18.9% (P < 0.001). June 20, recorded the best performance of the experimental group, the difference between the number of counted squares and the control and experimental group is 23.1% (P < 0.001), the second experimental group 18.3% (P < 0.001), the third experimental group 19.3 % (P < 0.001). Compared with the rate on May 3 yaytsenosnosti intensity oviposition of the uterus and research group for 27 May increased by 62.5%. Consumption pergi bees II nd experimental group caused an increase yaytsenosnosti cancer – by 56.3%, the third second experimental group – by 58.2%. Compared to control subjects in increasing the number of families found grown brood on 18,2 –23,1% (P <0.001).
Changes in the concentrations of myrystynova end palmitic fatty acids of bee’s pollen during polliniferous season
Authors: Kalinina I. H.
Published: October 2016

The article reflects the basic laws of bonds, affecting the production, development of the bee family. To accomplish this, during the 2008–2010 period, Polyphlore sampled pollen in the Kharkiv region, Volchansk district, which is a typical part of the plants and crops of fodder and industrial crops in the Eastern Ukraine. From experimental materials was obtained fatty acid esters. Lipid extraction was conducted by chloroform – methanol mixture (2 : 1), followed by highlights of sodium methylate. Identification of fatty acids was carried out by gas–liquid chromatography with the following operating conditions: Detector temperature – 260 °C, Injector temperature – 250 °C, initial column temperature – 170 °C, final column temperature – 210 °C, carrier gas – nitrogen (flow rate 2 ml / min.). The column is filled with the polar liquid phase (etilenglikolsuktsinat). The results obtained are statistically processed. The spectrum of fatty acids, which attracts bees and is attractants. It is characterized by the presence of meristic, palmitic, oleic, linoleic and linolenic acids. The article traced dynamics of meristic and palmitic fatty acids depending on the collection period. The dynamics of changes in the fatty acid content of bee pollen with seasonal variations and biological characteristics between years. The article describes the impact of these pollen pattern of fatty acids on the development of bee colonies and set the average rate of their needs in the forest–steppe zone every ten days. Obtained regression equations to correct the concentration of these acids. It was found that bee pollen is most enriched with fatty acids in the late spring and early summer (the period of development of bee nests). While analysing the quality of the pollen brought bees it was found that the most intense period of growth of colonies workpiece coincides with the period of pollen with a high level of fatty acids.
Using time lapse monitoring of embryo development (TLMED) in reproductive biotechnology
Authors: Sharan M. , Shalovylo S. , Grymak C.
Published: October 2016

An increasing interest in assisted reproductive technologies and their applications in biotechnology of animal reproduction is currently observed. The development of in vitro fertilization (IVF) has led to the emergence of new techniques as ICSI (Intracytoplasmic Sperm Iniection), 1MSI (Morphologically Selected Intracytoplasmic Sperm Iniection) and PGS (Pre–Implantation Genetic Screening). Recently a new technology TLMED (Time Lapse Monitoring of Embryo Development), which allows to observe dynamics of embryo development is being introduced to practice. The application of this technique allows to determine the morphokinetics parameters of normal embryos and to observe its development more accurately. Currently, there are four systems in the market based on this technique: Primo Vision (Vitrolife, Sweden), EEVA (Auxogyn, USA), Embryoscope (Vitrolife, Sweden), MIRI (Esco, Denmark), which conducting the morphokinetics analysis of embryos, which ensures selection of the best embryos and increases the effectiveness of in vitro fertilization. The first positive results of the use of system TLMED in agriculture biotechnology on the example of the Biomedical Research Center of the Warsaw University of Life Sciences predicts its introduction into the everyday practice of veterinary clinics. The aim of this paper is to present each system and review the existing information about the possible application of TLMED and the usefulness in animal reproductive biotechnology.
The genotype influence for duration of the productive use of cows and the reasons of its disposal
Authors: Novak I. V.
Published: October 2016

The results of studies on the life and productive use of cows of different genotypes Ukrainian black and white dairy breed are presented in the article. It was established that the life expectancy of laboratory animals averaged 1851 ± 28 days and duration of productive use – 1065 ± 26.8 days. With increasing of blood Holstein breed productive use of animals decreased from 1158 (in cows with a share of inheritance Holstein below 50%) to 979 days (75% or more-blood animals). The high variability of life and productive use of cows all genotypes (Cv = 26 – 53%) are found out, which indicates ample opportunity to select animals according to these characteristics. The largest herd of cows (30.1%) dropped out due to poor performance and dysfunction of reproductive ability (25.9%). 20.3% of cows dropped out of the herd because of the physiological old age, 14.6% – because of udder disease, 9.1 % – as a result of injury. Withdrawal almost half of the animals (49.6%) from the herd is the result of causal relationships. One such feature is the certain sequence of events in time: cause precedes consequence. It is determined that between cause and consequence is genetic connection. At a certain stage of development the cause generates consequence. In the breeding aspect it could be minimized by setting optimal in terms of duration and efficiency of economic use of genotype of animals that are in specific ecological conditions of the environment. Birth calves per 100 cows, the coefficient of reproductive ability and fertility index animals grew with age. In order to increase the number, maintaining good performance reproductive ability and relatively higher fat and protein in milk black and white cows in the future breeding Ukrainian black and white dairy breed genotypes should be used, in which the share of inheritance Holstein breed is not more than 75%. However, the economies of the region should focus on preventive measures to non-communicable diseases, improving animal welfare.
ТЕОРЕТИЧНІ ТА ПРИКЛАДНІ АСПЕКТИ ВИРОБНИЦТВА М'ЯСО–РИБНИХ НАПІВФАБРИКАТІВ
Authors: Matsuk Y.A. , Suprun E.M. , Ischenko N.V. , Pasichniy V.M.
Published: October 2016

Стаття присвячена науковому обґрунтуванню та розробці технології м'ясних продуктів із використанням рибної сировини. при належному підборі рецептурних інгредієнтів в складі основної сировини на основі м'ясної і рибної сировини, при належному забезпеченні організації виробничого процесу можливо виробляти якісно нові види січених напівфабрикатів з високими органолептичними і технологічними характеристиками.

Доведено, що спільне використання в складі напівфабрикатів м'яса курчат бройлерів і фаршу з філе пангасіусу у певних співвідношеннях дозволяє виробляти січені м'ясо–рибні напівфабрикати з високими якісними показниками. У подальших дослідженнях доцільно вивчення впливу вмісту рибної сировини на зміни структурно–механічні показники м'ясо–рибних напівфабрикатів в процесі їх зберігання при різному температурному стані та обґрунтувати умови і терміни зберігання даного виду комбінованих м'ясопродуктів в охолодженому і замороженому стані при різних умовах пакування, втому числі з використанням елементів «активного пакування»

Проведено дослідження органолептичних, фізико–хімічних, функціонально–технологічних характеристик експериментальних зразків м'ясо–рибних напівфабрикатів із додаванням фаршу з філе пангасіуса. Теоретично обґрунтована та експериментально підтверджена технологія м’ясопродуктів з використанням фаршу з філе пангасіуса.

Досліджено вплив використання фаршу з філе пангасіуса на фізико–хімічні, функціонально–технологічні, мікробіологічні характеристики січених напівфабрикатів.
ЕКОЛОГО–ЕКОНОМІЧНІ ОСОБЛИВОСТІ СТВОРЕННЯ І РОЗВИТКУ ВІННИЦЬКОЇ ПТАХОФАБРИКИ ЗА ПРИНЦИПАМИ «АГРАРНОГО РЕНЕСАНСУ»
Authors: Vlasenko I.
Published: October 2016

Відродження аграрної сфери справедливо пов'язують із становленням високотехнологічного, конкурентоспроможного і прибуткового аграрного сектору, формуванням нової організаційної структури сільського господарства та його ринкової інфраструктури. Водночас це відродження передбачає також подолання соціального занепаду села.

Для цього пропонуємо механізми санації аграрного землекористування проводити за принципами «аграрного ренесансу». Використовуючи таку організаційно–правову форму ведення бізнесу, агрохолдинги активно залучають капітал через випуск і розміщення акцій на фондових біржах за кордоном, чого не можуть собі дозволити інші форми агробізнесу.

У результаті капіталізації сільського господарства за домінуючим напрямом вливання капіталу в галузь з інших сфер економіки виникли господарські формування нового типу, які зовсім не були притаманні вітчизняній практиці . Тому на сучасному етапі існує нагальна потреба дослідження питання сучасної моделі вітчизняного розвитку сільського господарства, визначення місця агропромислових формувань нового типу в контексті еколого – економічного землекористування агросфери. У результаті досліджень встановлено, що однією з причин негативної ситуації в агросфері є обмежена можливість працевлаштування сільського населення. Механізми санації, перспективного розвитку агросфери залишаються маловивченими. Запропоновано нову політика санації агросфери, яка повинна концентруватися навколо трьох головних осей: а) конкурентоспроможність б) відновлення земельних ресурсів в) багатофункціональне село і якість життя на селі. Для цього пропонуємо механізми санації аграрного землекористування проводити за принципами «аграрного ренесансу». Впроваджується принцип аграрного ренесансу – соціально–економічного відродження або «економічних майданчиків розвитку територій», стають своєрідними «точками економічного зростання» аграрної економіки, оскільки саме їм вдається освоїти занедбані землі. При цьому майданчики з вирощування курчат–бройлерів знаходяться в Тростянецькому та Тульчинському районах поблизу населених пунктів звідки господарство черпає трудові ресурси і проходить соціально–економічне відродження села. Всього планується освоїти 26 майданчиків з вирощування курчат–бройлерів на 33,8 млн. курей–бройлерів. Впровадження сучасних технологій виробництва м'яса птиці дозволило підвищити конкурентоспроможність, часткового відродження якості життя на селі і вдалося раціонально освоїти місцеві земельні ресурси.
BIOGAZOWNIE W POLSKIEJ POLITYCE EKOLOGICZNEJ JEDNOSTEK SAMORZĄDU TERYTORIALNEGO
Authors: Gołoś J.
Published: October 2016

The present article examines the overall use of renewable energy among the European leaders and Poland’s place in such statistics. It also shows the potential in use of the so–called: “green energy” and its positive influence on the local and global ecosystem. The article shows how important it is to abandon the use of fossil energy sources are creating a negative ecosystem during the extraction and their use. According to the author, the production and use of biogas fuel is an alternative. The production of biogas is not only related to energy production, but it also improves the situation of materials management of green waste, waste from agriculture and plants treatment waste which are widely underrated. The use of these wastes in biogas production allows not only the neutralization of their impact on the environment but it also creates great opportunities in the heat and electricity production.

Further, the article features numerous tables and graphs that show the great potential in the production and utilization of biogas as an alternative fuel in Poland and other countries with similar resource–energy potential. Another goal of this article is to debunk the theory that the process of methane fermentation in agricultural biogas plants produces odour which in fact is due to using outdated technology. The conclusions clearly indicate the usability of this type of investment and simultaneously reinforce the belief that the proper environmental policy of the state and local governments –understood as an eco–friendly regulation– gives a chance for a clean environment and economic growth potential.
ОСОБЛИВОСТІ, ЧИННИКИ ТА ФУНКЦІЇ ТОВАРНОЇ ПОЛІТИКИ ФЕРМЕРСЬКИХ ГОСПОДАРСТВ
Authors: Maksymets N.Y.
Published: October 2016

У статті встановлено сутність процесу формування товарної політики фермерських господарств. Визначено особливості здійснення маркетингу у підприємствах такого типу. Досліджено чинники що впливають на проведення маркетингової товарної політики у фермерських господарствах. Ідентифіковано чинники, вплив яких відрізняє здійснення маркетингової товарної політики у фермерських господарствах та здійснення маркетингу, як такого на підприємствах сільського господарства від підприємств інших галузей. Вказано особливості проведення аграрного маркетингу за чинного становища у сільському господарстві України. Розглянуто основні об’єктивні та суб’єктивні сторони, що спричиняють складності у здійсненні ефективної маркетингової товарної політики фермерських господарствах. Проведене порівняння ринкових особливостей для фермерських господарств у країнах з розвинутою економікою та Україною.

Коротко відзначено перепони, що потрібно пройти фермерським господарствам на шляху до ринку сільськогосподарської продукції Європейських країн. Встановлено ключові чинники, що мають вплив при формуванні товарної політики та вироблено механізм для постійного аналізу та врахування їх змін у процесі прийняття рішення.

Представлено особливу важливість маркетингового планування для фермерського господарства, враховуючи специфіку та важливість для населення сільськогосподарської продукції.
АКТУАЛЬНІ ПРОБЛЕМИ МАРКЕТИНГОВОЇ ДІЯЛЬНОСТІ СІЛЬСЬКОГОСПОДАРСЬКИХ ПІДПРИЄМСТВ
Authors: Poperechnuy S. , Kudla T.
Published: October 2016

Розглядаються проблеми застосування основних елементів маркетингу у сільськогосподарських підприємствах України. Актуальність цих проблем обумовлено не сформованістю інфраструктури аграрного ринку, високим рівнем монополізації сфери закупівель продукції. Показано, що в таких умовах знижується результативність державної фінансової підтримки. Пропонується державну підтримку сільського господарства в Україні спрямувати на дослідження ринку, а результати досліджень безоплатно передавати суб’єктам господарювання. Обґрунтована можливість адаптації сільськогосподарських підприємств до існуючого ринкового середовища формуванням вертикальних маркетингових систем, у яких зусилля спрямовуватимуться на кінцевих споживачів, що відповідає визначальним принципам маркетингу. Показано, що необхідною умовою ефективної маркетингової діяльності сільськогосподарських підприємств є формування інфраструктури аграрного ринку. Способами ринкового генерування та стабілізації цін є активізація біржової діяльності, організація аукційних торгів на оптових ринках сільськогосподарської продукції. Сформовані таким чином ціни впливатимуть на загальний рівень цін у інших каналах розподілу. Загальна стабілізація цін є передумовою розробки обґрунтованої товарної політики розвитку капіталомістких галузей з тривалою окупністю інвестицій, насамперед молочного скотарства.
МАКРОСКОПІЧНІ ЗМІНИ ПРИ ПРОЛІФЕРАТИВНІЙ ЕНТЕРОПАТІЇ СВИНЕЙ
Authors: Garkusha S.E. , Prodoljak J.O.
Published: October 2016

Infectious diseases cause significant economic damage to the industry and one such disease is proliferative enteropathy.So scientists have estimated that, for example, in Australia, the losses amount to dollars 20 per 1 pig, and in the United States losses from proliferative enteropathy in pigs was dollars 20 million annually.Symptoms and signs of the disease are known to scientists for a long time. But only in 1974, scientists discovered a bacterium that multiplies rapidly abnormally in the cells, it has been called Lawsonia intracellularis. And it is proved that it is the causative agent of the disease, in 1993.Recently we discovered that the infection in pig farms tend to widespread. According to the results of serological tests in different countries of Lawsonia intracellularis it is 60 – 90% of the herd of swine. Other authors have reported that around the world are infected with this microorganism is from 30% to 100% of herds of pigs. Serological studies have established that Lawsonia intracellularis in the United States recorded in 96% of the herd of swine. This is facilitated by the low infectious dose of pathogen isolation from faeces of a large number of bacteria, sustained release of the pathogen in the faeces and survival of Lawsonia Intracellularis in the environment for at least 2 weeks.In our state proliferative enteropathy pigs hardly been studied. In Ukraine, proliferative enteropathy pigs was detected in 15 pig farms 7 areas. In Russia, the disease is called a new and poorly understood, but some scientists call it lavsoniosis.Therefore the aim of this study was to examine in more detail the macroscopic changes at proliferative enteropathy pigs.To achieve this goal the following objectives: to conduct mortem examination of dead pigs of proliferative enteropathy, examine macroscopic changes in the internal organs of the disease, and a detailed description of the macroscopic changes in the internal organs, which they were not previously documented.The material for the study were 10 corpses of pigs killed by proliferative enteropathy. Mortem examination was carried out in spinal position by partial evisceration in a common sequence at the Department of Pathological Anatomy of the National University of Life and Environmental Sciences of Ukraine.At postmortem macroscopic changes at autopsy proliferative enteropathy in pigs were the following: thickening of the walls of the caudal part of the jejunum, ileum, cecum and colon intestine, which was accompanied by a distinct narrowing of the lumen. Swollen lymph nodes were recorded hemorrhagic thin, blind and colon. In mild venous congestion and edema and dilation of the heart and congestive hyperemia of the liver.
ПАТОМОРФОЛОГІЯ ПІДШЛУНКОВОЇ ЗАЛОЗИ СОБАК ЗА ХРОНІЧНОГО ПАНКРЕАТИТУ
Authors: Horalskyi L.P. , Sokulskyi I.M. , Demus N.V.
Published: October 2016

On the basis of morphological, pathologoanatomic, histological and morphometric researches, the morphological structure of clinically healthy dog's pancreas and at chronic pancreatitis were determined in the article. Having used morphometric researches were found that the absolute mass of dog's pancreas at chronic pancreatitis towards clinically healthy dogs, increased for 1,28 times from 29.3 ± 3.0 g in healthy animals to 38.33 ± 7.02 g in ill ones. The relative weight of organ increased in 1.19 times and was 0.19 ± 0.04 % in comparison with the control 0.16 ± 0.03%.Owing to the histological researches, was found the structure breach of pancreatocites. In acinar cells, cytoplasm zoning did not occur, pancreatocites poorly perceived coloration and contained inclusions in the form of drops. The kariolisis cores was present. In Pancreatic islets focal hemorrhage were observed as well as the destruction of endocrine cells. Inter particle connective tissue layer were thickened and in organ's glandular tissue were presented bands that penetrate and branch in depth of a particle. It was determined on the basis of morphometric researches that the value of pancreacites and their nuclei in ill animals truly (р < 0,05) increases and was namely 455.51 ± 33.24 та 54.90 ± 7.24 mcm3 (in clinically healthy ones namely – 356.06 ± 11.37 та 33.69 ± 1.62 mcm3). The nucleus cytoplasm relation of pancreacites of pancreas in dogs at chronic pancreatitis towards the relation to clinically healthy dogs, increased for 1.44 times and was 0.177 ± 0.04. In dogs of the control group such indicator was 0.123 ± 0.001.
ВИДОВИЙ СКЛАД БАКТЕРІЙ РОДУ ЕNTEROCOCCUS МОЛОКА СИРОГО ТА СИРУ КИСЛОМОЛОЧНОГО «ДОМАШНЬОГО» ВИРОБНИЦТВА, ЇХ ЧУТЛИВІСТЬ ДО АНТИБАКТЕРІАЛЬНИХ ПРЕПАРАТІВ
Authors: Horyuk Yu.V. , Kukhtyn M.D. , Perkiy Yu.B. , Horyuk V.V. , Semenyuk V.I.
Published: October 2016

The investigation of the unpasteurized milk and lactic cheese as for the species of the Enterococcus bacteria genus has been made as well as the determination of their sensitivity to anti–infective drugs. It has been established that mainly three types of enterococci have escaped of the unpasteurized milk and lactic cheese: E. faecalis, E. faecium and E. durans. Thus the main part of enterococci of the unpasteurized milk and lactic cheese has composed a kind of E. faecalis 53.4 ± 4.22 and 73.4 ± 6.71% respectively. The quantity of E. faecium escaped of the unpasteurized milk has been 34.7 ± 2.15%, that is 2.86 times more in accordance with their content in the lactic cheese, and the genus E. durans ranged from 5.3 ± 0.47 to 9.3 ± 0.74%. The sensitivity to anti–infective drugs in E. faecalis escaped of the lactic cheese has been significantly lower compared to E. faecalis strains escaped of the unpasteurized milk. Yes, such anti–infective drugs that have been almost 100% active to E. faecalis escaped of milk as vancomycin, furamag, amoxicillin have shown lower efficiency to E. faecalis of the lactic cheese, the sensitivity ranged from 97,2 to 82,6%. The sensitivity of E. faecalis of the lactic cheese to other anti–infective drugs that have been taken into the experiment has been 1,3 – 37,0 times (p ≤ 0,05) lower compared to E. faecalis of the unpasteurized milk.
ПАТОМОРФОЛОГІЧНІ ЗМІНИ ЗА СПОНТАННОГО ОТРУЄННЯ ГОЛУБІВ ДІАЗИНОНОМ
Authors: Dankovych R. , Tumanov V.
Published: October 2016

Organophosphate pesticides, including diazinon, often used for illegal poisoning wild or domestic birds. The loss of a significant quantity of animals often become the subject of investigation in civil or criminal cases. For an objective diagnosis in such cases it is necessary to complete pathological–anatomical and chemical–toxicological studies. This article describes the structural changes that develop in the digestive system, cardiovascular system, respiratory, urinary, skin and central nervous system by spontaneous poisoning pigeons of diazinon. When conducted pathological–anatomical studies revealed pronounced dyscirculatory processes: congestive hyperemia (especially in the vessels of the skin in the neck and ox), and in the internal organs, stasis, perivascular edema and hemorrhage. Also registered alteration changes (protein degeneration and necrosis) of hepatocytes, cardiomyocytes, cells of nefron and neuron of cerebrum. Revealed changes suggest alternative development of irreversible processes in parenchymal cells of the liver, kidneys, myocardium and cerebrum. When autopsy selected material (feed the masses crop of birds) for chemical–toxicological research. As a result the research the extract of selected content crop of birds by thin layer chromatography paper manifestation of iodine bismuth quality received positive reaction on the compound diazinon.
ВЗАЄМОЗВ’ЯЗКИ ІНТЕНСИВНОСТІ ПЕРОКСИДНОГО ОКИСНЕННЯ ЛІПІДІВ ІЗ ОСНОВНИМИ КОРКОВИМИ ПРОЦЕСАМИ У ПОРОСЯТ ЗА СТРЕСУ ВІДЛУЧЕННЯ
Authors: Danchuk O.V. , Karpovskiy V.I.
Published: October 2016

Technological Stress (weaning) is accompanied by the growth of the content of TBA–active products in erythrocytes and Schiff bases in the blood plasma of pigs (in 1.8 – 2.6 times; r ≤ 0.001), which is a recognized feature of biological and does not depend on the typological characteristics of higher nervous activity. Established functional relationships and the influence of cortical processes for the maintenance of TBA–active products in erythrocytes and Schiff bases in the blood plasma of pigs. Reverse functional connection fundamental properties of cortical processes the content of TBA–active products in erythrocytes and Schiff bases in the blood the pig plasma after the process of stress are amplified, in particular, to an action of a stress factor correlation coefficient of overall evaluation strength, balance and mobility cortical processes containing TBA – active products is – r = –0.57 (r ≤ 0.01), and after weaning animals to 5–day growing – r = –0.83 (r ≤ 0.001). Functional connection of the basic properties of cortical processes with Schiff bases in the blood plasma of pigs only 5 days after weaning are reliable (r = –0.54 – 0,65; r ≤ 0,01 – 0,001). Effect of basic cortical processes in the content of TBA–active products before weaning quite substantial (η2x = 0.41 – 0.76; r ≤ 0.001), but, after weaning reduced. Only mobility of cortical processes significantly affects the content of Schiff bases in the blood plasma of pigs η2x = 0.48 (r ≤ 0.001) and even after weaning force of impact is somewhat reduced, but still reliable – η2x = 0.20 – 0.23 (r ≤ 0.05 – 0.01).
ВПЛИВ ЗБУДНИКА КРИПТОСПОРИДІОЗУ ТЕЛЯТ НА БІОХІМІЧНІ ПОКАЗНИКИ СИРОВАТКИ КРОВІ
Authors: Zhurenko V.V.
Published: October 2016

The invasive ills have an especially detrimental affect on the young animals, slowing down their growth and development. They promote the cattle infection, complicate the infection course and lower the organism’s resistance. The helminthiasis pathogenesis is a compound complex of interrelated and interdependent processes which occurs as a result of pathogenetic worm influence while being a body’s response to the parasitic penetration.This article describes results of research on calves cryptosporidiosis infectious agent on a biochemical indices of serum. Sample consisted of sick calves aged 1 to 35 days. Biochemical investigations were conducted by conventional methods. Cryptosporidium is a parasite which affects the mucous membranes, gastrointestinal tract and airways. Infection grows inside single carrier, and spreads during carrier’s defecation process. Wide dispersion of a disease relies on a high stability of Cryptosporidium in an environment, a large number of its natural reservoirs. The results of experiment show the reduction of general albumen content in the blood of sick animals. This is related to their poor appetite. The reduction of albumens content was observed. Their role shows up in the anti–edema effect and some level of toxic products disposal. The reduction of glucose in the tested animals blood shows the sustentation of own body energy needs. The decrease of cholesterol content promotes reduction of the structural and metabolic function. The organism intoxication has impact on acid–base balance decrease in blood as a result of the high intensity worm invasion.Calcium and Phosphorus are the most important mineral elements in the blood. Their quantity in the serum of sick animals was near the lower limits – 2,78 mmol/l,Phosphorus – 1,94 mmol/l. The reason of it can be the high homeostatic stability of phosphorus–calcium exchange and inconsiderable influence Cryptosporidium on phosphorus–calcium supply of animals organism.
ВМІСТ ЛІПІДІВ У СИРОВАТЦІ КРОВІ КОРІВ ЗА СПОНТАННОГО ІНФІКУВАННЯ ВІРУСОМ ЛЕЙКОЗУ ВЕЛИКОЇ РОГАТОЇ ХУДОБИ
Authors: Ishchenko L.M. , Ishchenko V.D. , Spyrydonov V.G.
Published: October 2016

Lipids take part in the biological cycle of retroviruses and regulation of their expression. In particular, in the processes associated with the interaction with the lipid bilayer of the host cell (virus penetration into the cell), and budding of newly synthesized viral particles. To study the effect bovine leukemia virus on lipid metabolism in the host organism is very important for veterinary medicine, because of its effect on animal blood system. At the same time, changes in the blood system of lactating cows have a significant impact on the biochemical indicators of quantitative composition of the milk and therefore its quality, nutritional value and safety for consumers. Investigated the lipid composition of blood serum of cattle spontaneous infected with the virus leukemia. For study was formed by two groups of cows black–and–white breed in 3 years of age on 3 – 4 months of lactation, body weight were 400 – 450 kg, 6 animals in each. In the first (control) group was clinically healthy animals, free from bovine leukemia virus (according to the RID, ELISA and PCR studies), the second (experimental) was animals which infected by virus bovine leukemia. Established that in the infected animals significantly increases the content of total phospholipid by 6.0%, total and esterified cholesterol by 4.3 and 4.2%, respectively. Thus, the correlation of total cholesterol to total phospholipids was unchanged in both groups of animals. Also, in the blood serum of cows research groups noted increase of free fatty acids content by 83.3%. Thus, at the spontaneous infection the bovine leukemia virus in animals is a disturbance qualitative and quantitative composition of blood serum lipids owing to disturbance of synthetic processes in liver, caused by the necessity in the plastic material for build lipid layer of shell pathogen.
ДОСЛІДЖЕННЯ ТЕРАПЕВТИЧНОЇ ЕФЕКТИВНОСТІ ГІПЕРІМУННОЇ СИРОВАТКИ ПРОТИ КАЛІЦИВІРУСНОЇ ІНФЕКЦІЇ КОТІВ
Authors: Kozlenko T. , Martyniuk O.
Published: October 2016

In Ukraine, as elsewhere in the world, feline calicivirus is one of the most common infectious diseases of cats. The main reason is the continuous growth of infections in animal populations, and high recurrence interest of feline calicivirus in cats that have undergone treatment. In addition, nowadays, it is a chronic disease. Therefore, according to existing treatment regimens, there is a need to develop new, more effective, aimed at the elimination of the pathogen through the appointment of immunomodulators, antibiotics with simultaneous application of specific medicine, including hyperimmune serum against feline calicivirus.The article presents experimental data on the study of various schemes of complex treatment for feline calicivirus using Fosprenil, Tylozine and specific hyperimmune serum against feline calicivirus. Apart from antigenic reaction, medical hyperimmune serum show immunomodulatory properties. It is proved that the use of specific globulin at a dose of 2 ml per animal in the treatment of cats increases the effectiveness of therapy by 25% compared with the use of schemes that included only antibiotic and immune modulator. At the same time, it is known, that the use of globulin without antibiotics and immunomodulators does not show high therapeutic efficacy.
ВЕТЕРИНАРНА МЕДИЦИНА УКРАЇНИ І ЧАС РЕФОРМ
Authors: Kurtyak B.M. , Romanovych M.S. , Pundyak T.O. , Romanovych L.V. , Voloshin R.V.
Published: October 2016

The State Service of Ukraine on issues of food safety and consumer protection (Derzhprodspozhyvsluzhba) is a central executive body that implements the state policy in the field of veterinary medicine, the fields of security and individual food quality indicators, identification and registration of animals, sanitary legislation, market surveillance within the scope of their responsibilities, the state control over observance of legislation on consumer protection and advertising in this area in accordance with the law of Ukraine «on basic principles and requirements for safety and quality of food», which entered into force on 20 September 2015. This law establishes a new approach to food safety. The primary responsibility for food safety lies with the manufacturers, and government control is not directed to the finished product, and the production and trafficking.The only supervisory body in the field of food safety in Ukraine, according to the law, is the State Service for Food Safety and Consumer Protection. Service exercises its powers directly and through its territorial bodies – food safety and veterinary control products in all areas of Kiev, and cities of regional subordination, areas.As a result of the creation in Ukraine Derzhprodspozhyvsluzhby obtained a clear hierarchy of government veterinary medicine, required by the European Community, in particular, is structurally complies with the requirements of the European Union. Their main task – the diversity of the state veterinary supervision and its periodicity.
ПОШИРЕННЯ, ЕТІОЛОГІЯ ТА ДІАГНОСТИКА ГІПОТИРЕОЗУ У КОРІВ ЖИТОМИРСЬКОГО ПОЛІССЯ
Authors: Ligomina I.P. , Furman S.V. , Lysogurska D.V.
Published: October 2016

Zhytomyr Polissya of Ukraine is part of the biogeochemical zones, which is characterized by insufficient content of biotic trace elements, including iodine, lack of which in the environment is a common biological and medical problem. Animals, which being in a single food chain with a man, have geochemical and environmental impacts in a greater degree. The main reason for the decrease in the functional activity of the thyroid gland in cows is low iodine content in soils and, as a consequence, in animal feed and their contamination with radionuclides – 137Cs and 90Sr. Low total contents in the soil of the territory of the synergists of iodine – cobalt – 1.7 – 2.5 mg/kg (optimal 7 – 30), copper –1.1 – 2.7 (15 – 60), zinc – 13.2 – 31.0 mg/kg (30 – 70), and in some places, and manganese contribute to the development of this disease.The symptoms of iodine deficiency, which is typical for hypothyroidism: dryness and hyperkeratosis of the skin, the long hair site the withers, anemone conjunctiva, enophthalm, bradycardia, myxedema, thyroid enlargement were installed by clinical studies. So, 90% of the cows revealed hypofunction of the thyroid gland : content thyroxine the blood serum was in the range 28.3 to 54.7 nmol/l and averaged a 43.8 ± 2.7 nmol/l (3.4 ± 0.21 mg/100 ml).Micronutrient deficiency causes a disruption of haematopoiesis and the development of anemia in 85% of cows that expressed agociting (75 – 80%) and olgahoney (of 41.7 – 66.7 percent). Anemia, mainly macrocytic and hyperchromic, rarely normochromic.Erythrogramma of cows notes longer left part, compared with animals a safe zone, that indicates on a significant number of «old» age of red blood cells, and stretched the right part that is due to the increased number of more resistant to hemolysis immature «young»erythrocytes.
КЛІНІЧНА ЕФЕКТИВНІСТЬ ПРЕПАРАТУ, ЩО МІСТИТЬ ГЛЮКОЗАМІНУ ГІДРОХЛОРИД, У ЛІКУВАННІ СЕЧОКАМ’ЯНОЇ ХВОРОБИ ДОМАШНІХ КОТІВ
Authors: Morozenko D.V. , Glebova E.V.
Published: October 2016

In the article the question of the effectiveness of treatment of domestic cats with urolithiasis which a preparation containing glucosamine hydrochloride was used in the scheme of therapeutic interventions (Uri–Easy). According to the research, it was found that the treatment regimen with the use of drug Uri–Easy containing glucosamine hydrochloride, promotes more rapid clinical recovery of the animals, as well as the dissolution of crystals of calcium tripelfosfat glycosaminoglycans and increasing concentration in urine. This is confirmed by the fact that the 14 day treatment the animals in the second group with glucosamine hydrochloride concentration glycosaminoglycan in urine was lower by 12.3% than that in healthy cats with only single crystals of calcium tripelfosfat encountered in urine sediment. In the first group of glycosaminoglycans content in urine on day 14 were 62.6% lower than the clinically healthy cats, the precipitate thus maintained a moderate amount of calcium tripelfosfat crystals. In this second group of glycosaminoglycan concentration on the 14th day it was closer to normal, and only a few crystals were observed in urine. Thus, we can say that the introduction to the treatment regimen of the drug containing glucosamine hydrochloride, to accelerate healing cats with urolithiasis, which is confirmed by laboratory tests. This allows us to recommend the drug Uri–Easy for the comprehensive treatment of domestic cats suffering from struvite urolithiasis.
НЕСПЕЦІФІЧНА РЕЗИСТЕНТНІСТЬ КОЗЕНЯТ ЗА ДІЇ ПРОБІОТИКА «ЕВІТАЛІЯ» В УМОВАХ НЕ РЕГУЛЬОВАНОГО МІКРОКЛІМАТУ
Authors: Petrenko A.N. , Kushch L.L.
Published: October 2016

Probiotic «Evitaliya» is freeze–dried, specific strains of lactic acid microorganisms (Lactococcus lactis, Streptococcus thermophilus, Lactobacillus acidophilus, Lactobacillus helveticus, Propionibacterium fredenreichii ssp shernanii), they contain vitamins B1, B2, B6, B12, A, E, C iron minerals, calcium, magnesium.The purpose of the study was to clarify the effect of the probiotic ferment «Evitaliya» on nonspecific resistance of kids zaanovskoy breed microclimate conditions according VNTP (for sheep and goat breeding enterprises): the room temperature 12–14 °C, relative humidity of 55 – 70%, the carbon dioxide content – 1.5 – 1.8 l/m3 and ammonia – 10 – 15mg/m3 air bacterial contamination 15 – 20 tys. KOE/m3. Implementation of this goal was decided to use hygienic (temperature, relative humidity, air velocity); hematological (red blood cells, white blood cells, hemoglobin), biochemical (total protein, albumin, globulin); immune (humoral factors – lysozyme and bactericidal activity of blood serum, cell – the neutrophil phagocytic activity), statisticsGetting results and their novelty: for the first time tested the new probiotic yeast «Evitaliya», with its goats orally at a dose of – 200 ml/head in the morning and evening, 100 ml.It was found that the use of «Evitaliya» promotes activation of redox processes in the body kids, stimulation of erythropoiesis: increase in hemoglobin concentration of 0.56% (P ≤ 0.05), the number of red blood cells to – 10.2% (P ≤ 0.05).Use of the drug is moderately activates metabolic processes in the body of kids: increases total protein content by 7.14% (P ≤ 0.05), globulin – by 1.76% (P ≤ 0.05). Use of the drug «Evitaliya» at the indicated doses helps stimulate natural resistance olrganіzmu kids: humoral protection indicators (BASK) rose by 1.52% (LASK) by 1.81%, the cell indices (FA) compared to the control were higher – 4.97%.
The Application of Simple, Practical and Affordable Standard Setting Methods in Small Groups of Students
Authors: Wright John David
Published: October 2016

This article was migrated. The article was marked as recommended. BackgroundA simple method of examination standard setting, the Cohen method, and a modification of it have been previously described, in which the exam pass mark is taken as a fixed percentage of the mark obtained by near-to-top performing students. These methods have proved effective in large cohorts, but their application to smaller groups has not been documented.AimsTo retrospectively apply the two methods to the exams and tests of eight cohorts of around 50 students from years 1 and 2 of the MBBS course of a new African medical school.MethodsThe standard setting methods were applied to historical data from 127 tests and exams. Failure rates resulting from their use were compared to the failure rates resulting from the fixed pass mark of 50%.Cumulative distribution function charts (CDFs) were obtained from all tests to assess the validity of the reference points used to calculate pass marks.CDFs were used to assess the power of tests to discriminate between students. The performance of Cohen - type standardisation methods in tests of different discriminating ability is analysed and discussed.ResultsBoth methods reduced the average failure rates resulting from tests and greatly improved the consistency of failure rates. The methods do not produce valid pass marks in tests which discriminate poorly.ConclusionThe simple Cohen and modified Cohen standard setting methods can be used successfully in small groups. The methods produce fairer results than fixed pass marks or norm referenced methods but may produce anomalous results in tests which are extremely discriminating or which discriminate poorly.
Transcranial magnetic stimulation and transcranial direct current stimulation appear to be safe neuromodulatory techniques useful in the treatment of anxiety disorders and other neuropsychiatric disorders
Authors: Iannone Aline , Cruz Antonio Pedro de Mello , Brasil-Neto Joaquim Pereira , Boechat-Barros Raphael
Published: October 2016

ABSTRACT Transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) has recently been investigated as a possible adjuvant treatment for many neuropsychiatric disorders, and has already been approved for the treatment of drug-resistant depression in the United States and in Brazil, among other countries. Although its use in other neuropsychiatric disorders is still largely experimental, many physicians have been using it as an off-label add-on therapy for various disorders. More recently, another technique, transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS), has also become available as a much cheaper and portable alternative to TMS, although its mechanisms of action are different from those of TMS. The use of off-label therapeutic TMS or tDCS tends to occur in the setting of diseases that are notoriously resistant to other treatment modalities. Here we discuss the case of anxiety disorders, namely panic and post-traumatic stress disorders, highlighting the uncertainties and potential problems and benefits of the clinical use of these neuromodulatory techniques at the current stage of knowledge.
Disability and progression in Afro-descendant patients with multiple sclerosis
Authors: Aurenção Juliana Calvet Kallenbach , Vasconcelos Claudia Cristina Ferreira , Thuler Luiz Claudio Santos , Alvarenga Regina Maria Papais
Published: October 2016

ABSTRACT Multiple sclerosis (MS) prevalence is higher in Caucasian (CA) populations, narrowing the analysis of the impact of Afro-descendant (AD) populations in disease outcomes. Even so, recent studies observed that AD patients have a more severe course. The main objective of this study is to confirm and discuss, through a systematic review, that being AD is a risk factor for disability accumulation and/or severe progression in patients with MS. A systematic review of published data in the last eleven years was performed, which evaluated clinical aspects and long term disability in patients with MS. Fourteen studies were included. Of these fourteen articles, thirteen observed a relationship between ancestry and poorer outcome of MS. African ancestry is a condition inherent in the patient and should be considered as an initial clinical characteristic affecting prognosis, and influencing which therapeutic decision to make in initial phases.