bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Kinome expansion in theFusarium oxysporumspecies complex driven by accessary chromosomes
Authors: DeIulio Gregory A. , Guo Li , Zhang Yong , Goldberg Jonathan , Kistler H. Corby , Ma Li-Jun
Published: April 2018

TheFusarium oxysporumspecies complex (FOSC) is a group of soil-borne pathogens causing severe disease in over one hundred plant hosts, while individual strains exhibit strong host specificity. Both chromosome transfer and comparative genomics experiments have demonstrated that lineage-specific (LS) chromosomes contribute to the host specific pathogenicity. However, little is known about the functional importance of genes encoded in these LS chromosomes. Focusing on signaling transduction, this study compared kinomes of 12F. oxysporumisolates, including both plant and human pathogens and one non-pathogenic biocontrol strain, with seven additional publicly available ascomycete genomes. Overall,F. oxysporumkinomes are the largest, facilitated in part by the acquisitions of the LS chromosomes. The comparative study identified 99 kinases that are present in almost all examined fungal genomes, forming the core signaling network of ascomycete fungi. Compared to the conserved ascomycete kinome, the expansion of theF. oxysporumkinome occurs in several kinases families such as Histidine kinases that are involved in environmental signal sensing and TOR kinase that mediates cellular responses. Comparative kinome analysis suggests a convergent evolution that shapes individualF. oxysporumisolates with an enhanced and unique capacity for environmental perception and associated downstream responses.

IMPORTANCE

Isolates ofF. oxysporumare adapted to survive a wide range of host and non-host conditions. In addition,F. oxysporumwas recently recognized as the top emerging opportunistic fungal pathogen infecting immunocompromised humans. The sensory and response networks of these fungi undoubtedly play a fundamental role in establishing the adaptability of this group. We have examined the kinomes of 12F. oxysporumisolates and highlighted kinase families that distinguishF. oxysporumfrom other fungi, as well as different isolates from one another. The amplification of kinases involved in environmental signal relay and regulating downstream cellular responses clearly setsFusariumapart from other Ascomycetes. Though the function of many of these kinases is still unclear, their specific proliferation highlights them as a result of the evolutionary forces which have shaped this species complex, and clearly marks them as targets for exploitation in order to combat disease.
The HCP 7T Retinotopy Dataset: Description and pRF Analysis
Authors: Benson Noah C. , Jamison Keith W. , Arcaro Michael J. , Vu An , Glasser Matthew F. , Coalson Timothy S. , Van Essen David C. , Yacoub Essa , Ugurbil Kamil , Winawer Jonathan , Kay Kendrick
Published: April 2018

About a quarter of human cerebral cortex is dedicated mainly to visual processing. The large-scale organization of visual cortex can be measured with functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) while subjects view spatially modulated visual stimuli, also known as ‘retinotopic mapping’. One of the datasets collected by the Human Connectome Project (HCP) involved ultra-high-field (7 Tesla) fMRI retinotopic mapping in 181 healthy young adults (1.6-mm resolution), yielding the largest freely available collection of retinotopy data. Here, we describe the experimental paradigm and the results of model-based analysis of the fMRI data. These results provide estimates of population receptive field position and size. Our analyses include both results from individual subjects as well as results obtained by averaging fMRI time-series across subjects at each cortical and subcortical location and then fitting models. Both the group-average and individual-subject results reveal robust signals across much of the brain, including occipital, temporal, parietal, and frontal cortex as well as subcortical areas. The group-average results agree well with previously published parcellations of visual areas. In addition, split-half analyses show strong within-subject reliability, further demonstrating the high quality of the data. We make publicly available the analysis results for individual subjects and the group average, as well as associated stimuli and analysis code. These resources provide an opportunity for studying fine-scale individual variability in cortical and subcortical organization and the properties of high-resolution fMRI. In addition, they provide a set of observations that can be compared with other HCP measures acquired in these same participants.
Detection of viral pathogens with multiplex Nanopore MinION sequencing: be careful with cross-talk
Authors: Xu Yifei , Lewandowski Kuiama , Lumley Sheila , Pullan Steven , Vipond Richard , Carroll Miles , Foster Dona , Matthews Philippa C , Peto Timothy , Crook Derrick
Published: April 2018

Metagenomic sequencing with the Oxford Nanopore MinION sequencer offers potential for point-of-care testing of infectious diseases in clinical settings. To improve cost-effectiveness, multiplexing of several, barcoded samples upon a single flow cell will be required during sequencing. We generated a unique sequencing dataset to assess the extent and source of cross barcode contamination caused by multiplex MinION sequencing. Sequencing libraries for three different viruses, including influenza A, dengue and chikungunya, were prepared separately and sequenced on individual flow cells. We also pooled the respective libraries and performed multiplex sequencing. We identified 0.056% of total reads in the multiplex sequencing data that were assigned to incorrect barcodes. Chimeric reads were the predominant source of this error. Our findings highlight the need for careful filtering of multiplex sequencing data before downstream analysis, and the trade-off between sensitivity and specificity that applies to the barcode demultiplexing methods.
Ablation of proliferating neural stem cells during early life is sufficient to reduce adult hippocampal neurogenesis
Authors: Youssef Mary , Krish Varsha S. , Kirshenbaum Greer S. , Atsak Piray , Lass Tamara J. , Lieberman Sophie R. , Leonardo E. David , Dranovsky Alex
Published: April 2018

Environmental exposures during early life, but not during adolescence or adulthood, lead to persistent reductions in neurogenesis in the adult hippocampal dentate gyrus (DG). The mechanisms by which early life exposures lead to long-term deficits in neurogenesis remain unclear. Here, we investigated whether targeted ablation of dividing neural stem cells during early life is sufficient to produce long-term decreases in DG neurogenesis. Having previously found that the stem cell lineage is resistant to long-term effects of transient ablation of dividing stem cells during adolescence or adulthood (Kirshenbaum et al., 2014), we used a similar pharmacogenetic approach to target dividing neural stem cells for elimination during early life periods sensitive to environmental insults. We then assessed the Nestin stem cell lineage in adulthood. We found that the adult neural stem cell reservoir was depleted following ablation during the first postnatal week, when stem cells were highly proliferative, but not during the third postnatal week, when stem cells were more quiescent. Remarkably, ablating proliferating stem cells during either the first or third postnatal week led to reduced adult neurogenesis out of proportion to the changes in the stem cell pool, indicating a disruption of the stem cell function or niche following stem cell ablation in early life. These results highlight the first three postnatal weeks as a series of sensitive periods during which elimination of dividing stem cells leads to lasting alterations in adult DG neurogenesis and stem cell function. These findings contribute to our understanding of the relationship between DG development and adult neurogenesis, as well as suggest a possible mechanism by which early life experiences may lead to lasting deficits in adult hippocampal neurogenesis.
Replicate Engineered Virtual Patient Populations as Surrogates for Real Patient-Level Data
Authors: Alenghat Francis J.
Published: April 2018

Objectives

To demonstrate a new method for generating virtual, individual-level data by testing it on a known clinical trial population.

Design

Virtualization of aggregate data from a clinical trial.

Setting

Virtual

Participants

936,100 virtual patients

Interventions

None

Main Outcomes Measures

Odds ratios for adverse outcomes in virtual patient populations compared to clinical trial participants.

Methods

The replicate engineered virtual patient populations (RE-ViPPs) method, based on aggregate cross-tabulated categorical population data, does not require access to individual-level data. Using sequential regression combined with randomization, it generates virtual individual patients to comprise populations that, on average, closely resemble the real population in question. The method is validated by applying it to aggregated data from the seminal SPRINT trial, which compared intensive versus standard blood pressure treatment goals on major adverse cardiovascular events.

Results

The method yields virtual populations, each with 9361 patients, faithfully mimicking the real SPRINT participants. Multiple logistic regression on 100 such populations shows that factors with the highest odds ratios for the primary event are, in descending order, past clinical cardiovascular disease, age ≥ 75, chronic kidney disease, high non-HDL, and smoking history. Intensive blood pressure treatment, the trial’s intervention, had an odds ratio of 0.74 [0.63-0.87]. On all these measures, the 100 RE-ViPPs mirrored the real SPRINT participants, including the intensive therapy result (actual SPRINT odds ratio: 0.74 [0.62-0.88]).

Conclusions

Clinical data dissemination has limitations. The most coveted data is descriptive at the individual level but comes with significant cost, effort, and time. There is potential for privacy breaches, and the open-data movement has progressed slowly due to data-ownership concerns. RE-ViPPs closely matched the true SPRINT population. Applied to trials, registries, and databases, RE-ViPPs could reduce open-data burdens by encouraging dissemination of aggregate cross-tabulated real data that allow investigators to generate and measure virtual patients.
Genotyping by sequencing of 393Sorghum bicolorBTx623 × IS3620C recombinant inbred lines improves sensitivity and resolution of QTL detection
Authors: Kong WenQian , Kim Changsoo , Zhang Dong , Guo Hui , Tan Xu , Jin Huizhe , Zhou Chengbo , Shuang Lan-shuan , Goff Valorie , Sezen Uzay , Pierce Gary , Compton Rosana , Lemke Cornelia , Robertson Jon , Rainville Lisa , Auckland Susan , Paterson Andrew H.
Published: April 2018

We describe a genetic map with a total of 381 bins of 616 genotyping by sequencing (GBS)-based SNP markers in a F6-F8recombinant inbred line (RIL) population of 393 individuals derived from crossingS. bicolorBTx623 toS. bicolorIS3620C, a guinea line substantially diverged from BTx623. Five segregation distorted regions were found with four showing enrichment forS. bicoloralleles, suggesting possible selection during formation of this RIL population. A quantitative trait locus (QTL) study with this number of individuals, tripled relative to prior studies of this cross, provided resources, validated previous findings, and demonstrated improved power to detect plant height and flowering time related QTLs relative to other published studies. An unexpected low correlation between flowering time and plant height permitted us to separate QTLs for each trait and provide evidence against pleiotropy. Ten non-random syntenic regions conferring QTLs for the same trait suggest that those QTLs may represent alleles at genes functioning in the same manner since the 96 million year ago genome duplication that created these syntenic relationships, while syntenic regions conferring QTLs for different trait may suggest sub-functionalization after duplication. Collectively, this study provides resources for marker-assisted breeding, as well as a framework for fine mapping and subsequent cloning of major genes for important traits such as plant height and flowering time in sorghum.
iPSC-derived neurons as a tool for probing molecular pharmacology of antipsychotic action
Authors: Kim Esther S. , David Leonardo E. , Dranovsky Alex
Published: April 2018

Background

Induced pluripotent stem cell derived neurons (iPSC-Neurons) provide a potential way to investigate molecular mechanisms of psychotropic drug action in human neurons. Until now such studies have relied on animal models or artificial expression systems in transfected cells.

Methods

Induced pluripotent stem cells were subjected to a dual SMAD inhibition differentiation protocol. Resulting neurons were examined using qPCR, immunocytochemistry, viral transduction, and calcium imaging.

Results

Here we report the presence of target receptors for antipsychotic drugs in human iPSC-neurons. A cortical neuronal differentiation protocol resulted in cells that expressed D2, 5HT2A, and other target receptors. Moreover, stimulation with glutamate, dopamine, or the 5HT2A agonist DOI evoked calcium transients. We analyzed single cell responses, and found cells with signature response profiles to these ligands. In addition, pre-incubation of iPSC-neurons with clozapine altered the proportion of cells that responded to glutamate or DOI in a subpopulation of neurons.

Conclusions

Our results support the use of iPSC-neuron single cell pharmacology for studying how psychotropic medications modulate neuronal responses. Because these cells can be derived directly from patients, results derived from using iPSC-neurons have immediate relevance for personalized medicine.

Significance Statement

The current study examines the feasibility of using induced pluripotent stem cells from patients to generate neurons and study psychopharmacology. This article is broadly intended to inform the readership on the key points of iPSC-derived neurons as a system and how it can be used to understand antipsychotic pharmacology for potential clinical application. The specific advances include 1) demonstrating the presence of receptors targeted by antipsychotics on iPSC-derived neurons; 2) Using single cell analysis to identify human neurons with distinct responses to receptor modulation; and 3) Demonstrating that clozapine modulates glutamatergic and serotonergic responses in distinct human neuronal populations.
msCRUSH: fast tandem mass spectra clustering using locality sensitive hashing
Authors: Wang Lei , Li Sujun , Tang Haixu
Published: April 2018

Large-scale proteomics projects often generate massive and highly redundant tandem mass (MS/MS) spectra. Spectra clustering algorithms can reduce the redundancy in these datasets, and thus speed up the database searching for peptide identification, a major bottleneck for proteomic data analysis. Furthermore, the consensus spectra derived from highly similar MS/MS spectra in the same cluster may enhance the signal peaks while reduce the noise peaks, and thus will improve the sensitivity of peptide identification. In this paper, we present the software msCRUSH, which implemented a novel spectra clustering algorithm based on the locality sensitive hashing (LSH) technique. When tested on a large-scale proteomic dataset consisting of 18.4 million spectra (including 11.5 million spectra of charge 2+), msCRUSH runs 7.6-12.1x faster than the state-of-the-art spectra clustering software, PRIDE Cluster, while achieves higher clustering sensitivity and comparable accuracy. Using the consensus spectra reported by msCRUSH, commonly used spectra search engines MSGF+ and Mascot can identify 5% and 4% more unique peptides, respectively, comparing to the identification results from the raw MS/MS spectra at the same false discovery rate (1% FDR) of peptides. msCRUSH is implemented in C++, and is released as open source software.
A novel association of campomelic dysplasia and hydrocephalus with an unbalanced chromosomal translocation upstream of SOX9
Authors: Antwi Prince , Hong Christopher S. , Duran Daniel , Jin Sheng Chih , Dong Weilai , DiLuna Michael , Kahle Kristopher T.
Published: April 2018

Campomelic dysplasia is a rare skeletal dysplasia characterized by Pierre Robin sequence, craniofacial dysmorphism, shortening and angulation of long bones, tracheobronchomalacia, and occasionally sex reversal. The disease is due to mutations in SOX9 or chromosomal rearrangements involving the long arm of Chromosome 17 harboring the SOX9 locus. SOX9, a transcription factor, is indispensible in establishing and maintaining neural stem cells in the central nervous system. We present a patient with angulation of long bones and external female genitalia on prenatal ultrasound who was subsequently found to harbor the chromosomal abnormality 46, XY, t(6;17) (p21.1;q24.3) on prenatal genetic testing. Comparative genomic hybridization revealed deletions at 6p21.1 and 17q24.3, the latter being 2.3 Mb upstream of SOX9. Whole-exome sequencing did not identify pathogenic variants in SOX9, suggesting that the 17q24.3 deletion represents a translocation breakpoint farther upstream of SOX9 than previously identified. At 2 mo of age the patient developed progressive communicating ventriculomegaly and thinning of the cortical mantle without clinical signs of increased intracranial pressure. This case suggests ventriculomegaly in some cases represents not a primary impairment of cerebrospinal fluid dynamics, but an epiphenomenon driven by a genetic dysregulation of neural progenitor cell fate.
Fast XANES fluorescence imaging using a Maia detector
Authors: Boesenberg Ulrike , Ryan Christopher G. , Kirkham Robin , Jahn Andreas , Madsen Anders , Moorhead Gareth , Falkenberg Gerald , Garrevoet Jan
Published: April 2018

A new fast X-ray absorption spectroscopy scanning method was recently implemented at the Hard X-ray Microprobe endstation P06, PETRA III, DESY, utilizing a Maia detector. Spectromicroscopy maps were acquired with spectra for X-ray absorption near-edge structure (XANES) acquisition in the sub-second regime. The method combines XANES measurements with raster-scanning of the sample through the focused beam. The order of the scanning sequence of the axes, one beam energy axis and two (or more) spatial axes, is a variable experimental parameter and, depending on it, the dwell at each location can be either single and continuous (if the energy axis is the inner loop) or in shorter discontinuous intervals (if a spatial axis is innermost). The combination of improved spatial and temporal resolution may be necessary for rapidly changing samples,e.g.for followingin operandochemical reactions or samples highly susceptible to beam damage where the rapid collection of single XANES spectra avoids issues with the emergence of chemical changes developing from latent damage. This paper compares data sets collected on a specially designed test pattern and a geological thin-section scanning the energy as inner, middle and outer axis in the sequence. The XANES data of all three scanning schemes is found to show excellent agreement down to the single-pixel level.
Thickness-dependent structural characteristics for a sputtering-deposited chromium monolayer and Cr/C and Cr/Sc multilayers
Authors: Jiang Hui , Wang Hua , Zhu Jingtao , Xue Chaofan , Zhang Jiayi , Tian Naxi , Li Aiguo
Published: April 2018

The interior structure, morphology and ligand surrounding of a sputtering-deposited chromium monolayer and Cr/C and Cr/Sc multilayers are determined by various hard X-ray techniques in order to reveal the growth characteristics of Cr-based thin films. A Cr monolayer presents a three-stage growth mode with sudden changes occurring at a layer thickness of ∼2 nm and beyond 6 nm. Cr-based multilayers are proven to have denser structures due to interfacial diffusion and layer growth mode. Cr/C and Cr/Sc multilayers have different interfacial widths resulting from asymmetry, degree of crystallinity and thermal stability. Cr/Sc multilayers present similar ligand surroundings to Cr foil, whereas Cr/C multilayers are similar to Cr monolayers. The aim of this study is to help understand the structural evolution regulationversuslayer thickness and to improve the deposition technology of Cr-based thin films, in particular for obtaining stable Cr-based multilayers with ultra-short periods.
Impacts of supply chain uncertainty and risk on the logistics performance
Authors: Wang Michael
Published: April 2018

Purpose

The purpose of this paper is to present an empirical evidence of the impacts of supply chain uncertainty and risk on the logistics performance in the Australian courier industry. This study examines the impacts of supply chain and risk on the logistics performance in the Australian courier industry.

Design/methodology/approach

This study provides an in-depth analysis of supply chain uncertainty and risk’s impacts on the logistics performance. The structure equation modelling approach is applied to examine the relationship between supply chain uncertainty and risk and logistics performance. Company-side uncertainty and risk, customer-side uncertainty and risk, and environment uncertainty and risk are used to measure the impacts of supply chain uncertainty and risk on the industry. This paper gives attention to the supply chain uncertainty and risk in the industry.

Findings

The results indicate that supply chain uncertainty and risk have negative impacts on logistics performance. Moreover, the greatest impact of supply chain uncertainty and risk was from outside company in the Australian courier industry.

Research limitations/implications

The study focuses on the Australian courier industry, this may limit the implications of findings in different industries. However, the research models may be examined and validated in the different context.

Practical implications

The results may provide directions in the implementation of strategies to manage supply chain uncertainty and risk and improve logistics performance. The findings may enlighten both academics and practitioners to understand and pay attention to the supply chain uncertainty and risk in the courier industry.

Originality/value

There is an argument whether the impacts of supply chain uncertainty and risk are positive or negative in previous studies. In addition, there are very few studies on courier industry. This study clarifies the impacts of supply chain uncertainty and risk on the logistics performance in the courier industry.
Direct and indirect effect of brand experience on true brand loyalty: role of involvement
Authors: Mathew Veeva , Thomas Sam
Published: April 2018

Purpose

The purpose of this paper is to investigate the role of product and customer dimensions in the contribution of brand experience to the formation of true brand loyalty. The dimensions included are brand credibility, affective commitment and involvement. Synthesising past studies, the researcher proposes brand credibility and affective commitment to mediate the relationship between brand experience and true brand loyalty. Furthermore, the researcher investigates the variation in hierarchical pattern, i.e. brand experience-brand credibility affective commitment-true brand loyalty, under different levels of involvement.

Design/methodology/approach

The variations in hierarchy were compared by design. The authors investigated the variations in hierarchy on the basis of products which belong to different level of involvement, on the basis of individual differences in involvement, and on the basis of the interaction of product involvement and subject involvement. Multi-group invariance tests in SEM were used to explore model variations.

Findings

The hierarchy-of-effect model was found to vary based on the level of product involvement, subject involvement and interaction involvement. Three patterns of hierarchy have been observed: the first pattern was observed in high-high groups (both product involvement and subject involvement were high), the second pattern was observed in low-low groups (both product and subject involvements were low) and the third pattern among high-low or low-high groups.

Practical implications

The variation observed highlights the need to segment the market by interaction involvement. This would be useful for managers engaged in building sustainable consumer-brand relationships.

Originality/value

This study considered the interaction of product approach and subject approach in defining involvement which is rarely attempted in research. The study also integrates the variations in the role of customer dimensions, namely involvement, brand credibility and affective commitment with the relationship between the central constructs brand experience and true brand loyalty. The variations observed are among a socio-economically homogeneous sample of respondents.
An identification of warehouse location in Thailand
Authors: Vanichchinchai Assadej , Apirakkhit Songwut
Published: April 2018

Purpose

The purpose of this research is to identify a province in Thailand where total transportation cost for shipping grocery goods from this province to customers in all other provinces is the lowest.

Design/methodology/approach

Transportation distances among provinces, freight rate and the number of population in each province were gathered. Total transportation cost was computed by taking distance, tapering freight rate and population including that in original province into account.

Findings

Based on pre-set assumptions, it reveals that Saraburi province has the lowest total transportation cost.

Research limitations/implications

This research emphasizes only transportation cost. For future research, other monetary and non-monetary factors such as land, labor, investment incentive, local government regulation should be considered together.

Practical implications

This is an industry-based research especially for retail and fast-moving consumer goods businesses.

Originality/value

This practitioner paper is one of the first to identify population, freight rate and distance-based warehouse location which can be determined as a location for Thailand’s logistics hub, particularly for retail or fast-moving consumer goods business in Thailand.
Wall-modeled large-eddy simulation of the flow past a rod-airfoil tandem by the Lattice Boltzmann method
Authors: Leveque Emmanuel , Touil Hatem , Malik Satish , Ricot Denis , Sengissen Alois
Published: April 2018

Purpose

The Lattice Boltzmann (LB) method offers an alternative to conventional computational fluid dynamics (CFD) methods. However, its practical use for complex turbulent flows of engineering interest is still at an early stage. This paper aims to outline an LB wall-modeled large-eddy simulation (WMLES) solver.

Design/methodology/approach

The solver is dedicated to complex high-Reynolds flows in the context of WMLES. It relies on an improved LB scheme and can handle complex geometries on multi-resolution block structured grids.

Findings

Dynamic and acoustic characteristics of a turbulent airflow past a rod-airfoil tandem are examined to test the capabilities of this solver. Detailed direct comparisons are made with both experimental and numerical reference data.

Originality/value

This study allows assessing the potential of an LB approach for industrial CFD applications.
Wake flow analysis and control on a 47° slant angle Ahmed body
Authors: Edwige Stephie , Eulalie Yoann , Gilotte Philippe , Mortazavi Iraj
Published: April 2018

Purpose

The purpose of this paper is to present numerical investigations of the flow dynamic characteristics of a 47° Ahmed Body to identify wake flow control strategy leading to drag coefficient reduction, which could be tested later on sport utility vehicles.

Design/methodology/approach

This study begins with a mean flow topology description owing to dynamic and spectral analysis of the aerodynamic tensor. Then, the sparse promoting dynamic modal decomposition method is discussed and compared to other modal approaches. This method is then applied on the wall and wake pressure to determine frequencies of the highest energy pressure modes and their transfers to other frequency modes. This analysis is then used to design appropriated feedback flow control strategies.

Findings

This dynamic modal decomposition highlights a reduced number of modes at low frequency which drive the flow dynamics. The authors especially notice that the pressure mode at a Strouhal number of 0.22, based on the width between feet, induces aerodynamic losses close to the rear end. Strategy of the proposed control loop enables to dampen the energy of this mode, but it has been transferred to lower frequency mode outside of the selected region of interest.

Originality/value

This analysis and methodology of feedback control shows potential drag reduction with appropriated modal energy transfer management.
Morphing airfoils analysis using dynamic meshing
Authors: Abdessemed Chawki , Yao Yufeng , Bouferrouk Abdessalem , Narayan Pritesh
Published: April 2018

Purpose

The purpose of this paper is to use dynamic meshing to perform CFD analyses of a NACA 0012 airfoil fitted with a morphing trailing edge (TE) flap when it undergoes static and time-dependent morphing. The steady CFD predictions of the original and morphing airfoils are validated against published data. The study also investigates an airfoil with a hinged TE flap for aerodynamic performance comparison. The study further extends to an unsteady CFD analysis of a dynamically morphing TE flap for proof-of-concept and also to realise its potential for future applications.

Design/methodology/approach

An existing parametrization method was modified and implemented in a user-defined function (UDF) to perform dynamic meshing which is essential for morphing airfoil unsteady simulations. The results from the deformed mesh were verified to ensure the validity of the adopted mesh deformation method. ANSYS Fluent software was used to perform steady and unsteady analysis and the results were compared with computational predictions.

Findings

Steady computational results are in good agreement with those from OpenFOAM for a non-morphing airfoil and for a morphed airfoil with a maximum TE deflection equal to 5 per cent of the chord. The results obtained by ANSYS Fluent show that an average of 6.5 per cent increase in lift-to-drag ratio is achieved, compared with a hinged flap airfoil with the same TE deflection. By using dynamic meshing, unsteady transient simulations reveal that the local flow field is influenced by the morphing motion.

Originality/value

An airfoil parametrisation method was modified to introduce time-dependent morphing and used to drive dynamic meshing through an in-house-developed UDF. The morphed airfoil’s superior aerodynamic performance was demonstrated in comparison with traditional hinged TE flap. A methodology was developed to perform unsteady transient analysis of a morphing airfoil at high angles of attack beyond stall and to compare with published data. Unsteady predictions have shown signs of rich flow features, paving the way for further research into the effects of a dynamic flap on the flow physics.
Comparison of thermodynamic models for ice accretion on airfoils
Authors: Lavoie Pierre , Pena Dorian , Hoarau Yannick , Laurendeau Eric
Published: April 2018

Purpose

This paper aims to assess the strengths and weaknesses of four thermodynamic models used in aircraft icing simulations to orient the development or the choice of an improved thermodynamic model.

Design/methodology/approach

Four models are compared to assess their capabilities: Messinger, iterative Messinger, extended Messinger and shallow water icing models. They have been implemented in the aero-icing framework, NSCODE-ICE, under development at Polytechnique Montreal since 2012. Comparison is performed over typical rime and glaze ice cases. Furthermore, a manufactured geometry with multiple recirculation zones is proposed as a benchmark test to assess the efficiency in runback water modeling and geometry evolution.

Findings

The comparison shows that one of the main differences is the runback water modeling. Runback modeling based on the location of the stagnation point fails to capture the water film behavior in the presence of recirculation zones on airfoils. However, runback modeling based on air shear stress is more suitable in this situation and can also handle water accumulation while the other models cannot. Also, accounting for the conduction through the ice layer is found to have a great impact on the final ice shape as it increases the overall freezing fraction.

Originality/value

This paper helps visualize the effect of different thermodynamic models implemented in the same aero-icing framework. Also, the use of a complex manufactured geometry highlights weaknesses not normally noticeable with classic ice accretion simulations. To help with the visualization, the ice shape is presented with the water layer, which is not shown on typical icing results.
Perceptions of organizational culture and value conflicts in information security management
Authors: Karlsson Martin , Denk Thomas , Åström Joachim
Published: April 2018

Purpose

The purpose of this paper is to investigate the occurrence of value conflicts between information security and other organizational values among white-collar workers. Further, analyzes are conducted of the relationship between white-collar workers’ perceptions of the culture of their organizations and value conflicts involving information security.

Design/methodology/approach

Descriptive analyses and regression analyses were conducted on survey data gathered among two samples of white-collar workers in Sweden.

Findings

Value conflicts regarding information security occur regularly among white-collar workers in the private and public sectors and within different business sectors. Variations in their occurrence can be understood partly as a function of employees’ work situations and the sensitivity of the information handled in the organization. Regarding how perceived organizational culture affects the occurrence of value conflicts, multivariate regression analysis reveals that employees who perceive their organizations as having externally oriented, flexible cultures experience value conflicts more often.

Research limitations/implications

The relatively low share of explained variance in the explanatory models indicates the need to identify alternative explanations of the occurrence of value conflicts regarding information security.

Practical implications

Information security managers need to recognize that value conflicts occur regularly among white-collar workers in different business sectors, more often among workers in organizations that handle sensitive information, and most often among white-collar workers who perceive the cultures of their organizations as being externally oriented and flexible.

Originality/value

The study addresses a gap in the information security literature by contributing to the understanding of value conflicts between information security and other organizational values. This study has mapped the occurrence of value conflicts regarding information security among white-collar professionals and shows that the occurrence of value conflicts is associated with work situation, information sensitivity and perceived organizational culture.
Escalation of commitment as an antecedent to noncompliance with information security policy
Authors: Kajtazi Miranda , Cavusoglu Hasan , Benbasat Izak , Haftor Darek
Published: April 2018

Purpose

This study aims to identify antecedents to noncompliance behavior influenced by decision contexts where investments in time, effort and resources are devoted to a task – referred to as a task unlikely to be completed without violating the organization’s information security policy (ISP).

Design/methodology/approach

An empirical test of the suggested relationships in the proposed model was conducted through a field study using the survey method for data collection. Pre-tests, pre-study, main study and a follow-up study compose the frame of our methodology where more than 500 respondents are involved across different organizations.

Findings

The results confirm that the antecedents that explain the escalation of commitment behavior in terms of the effect of lost assets, such as time, effort and other resources, give us a new lens to understand noncompliance behavior; employees seem to escalate their commitments to the completion of their tasks at the expense of becoming noncompliant with ISP.

Research limitations/implications

One of the key areas that requires further attention from this study is to better understand the role of risk perceptions on employee behavior when dealing with value conflicts. Depending on how risk-averse or risk seeking an employee is, the model showed no significant support in either case to influence their noncompliance behavior. The authors therefore argue that employees' noncompliance may be influenced by more powerful beliefs, such as self-justification and sunk costs.

Practical implications

The results show that when employees are caught in tasks undergoing difficulties, they are more likely to increase noncompliance behavior. By understanding better how project obstacles result in such tasks, security managers can define new mechanisms to counter employees’ shift from compliance to noncompliance.

Social implications

Apart from encouraging compliance with enforcement mechanisms (using direct behavioral controls like sanctions or rewards), indirect behavior controls may also encourage compliance. The authors suggest that the ISPs should state that the organization would take positive actions toward task completion and help their employees to resolve their problems quickly.

Originality/value

This study is the first to tackle escalation of commitment theories and use antecedents that explain the effect of lost assets, such as time, effort and other resources can also explain noncompliance with ISP in terms of the value conflicts, where employees would often choose to forego compliance at the expense of finishing their tasks.
Psychometric evaluation of disaster impact
Authors: Noynaert Jared Michael , Potangaroa Regan
Published: April 2018

Purpose

This paper aims to examine accurate cross-sector assessment of true relative need in affected populations and the net human impact of disaster response programmes.

Design/methodology/approach

A psychometric assessment method using the DASS-42 is presented, and its practicality and value are shown through field studies in Afghanistan and Vanuatu.

Findings

Psychometric quality of life assessments are robust, rapidly deployable, culturally and sector-agnostic, and imminently useful for targeting disaster aid and measuring programme effectiveness.

Research limitations/implications

This research provides a baseline for further investigation into identifying which aid interventions are necessary without using technical assessments.

Practical implications

The demonstrated method is more effective in many situations than traditional technical assessments or assumption of which demographic factors place groups at risk.

Originality/value

The identified approach builds on previous work by combining psychometric indications of disaster effect with specific areas of need self-identified by the assessed communities. Its effectiveness for enabling humanitarian action at both large and small scales is also proven.
Challenges and opportunities for Australian local governments in governing climate change adaptation and disaster risk reduction integration
Authors: Forino Giuseppe , Von Meding Jason , Brewer Graham John
Published: April 2018

Purpose

This paper aims to explore challenges and opportunities for Australian local governments (LGs) in governance of climate change adaptation (CCA) and disaster risk reduction (DRR) integration.

Design/methodology/approach

The paper identifies three Australian LGs which are subjected to potential climate change-related hazards. Semi-structured interviews with staff officers of the selected LGs and supporting organizations have been conducted to collect and analyze primary data.

Findings

The findings reveal that emerging challenges in governance of CCA and DRR integration include the political sensitiveness of climate change, uncertainty and standstill because of the vagueness by higher government levels, competing interests between LGs’ departments and communication breakdowns because of scepticism and the use of jargon. Meanwhile, the findings reveal that emerging opportunities include the promotion of participation mechanisms in planning, the creation of partnerships with local stakeholders and the use of coordination organizations and platforms. Exploring these challenges and opportunities represents a key step to strengthen governance mechanisms at a local level.

Research limitations/implications

The paper is based on a limited number (3) of Australian case studies with a limited number (15) of interviews. Further insights could be gained by analyzing more Australian LGs, involving a higher number of participants, and by using complementary research methods and data (survey and questionnaires) about experiences of other local stakeholders.

Originality/value

The paper is one of the few exploring challenges and opportunities of Australian LGs in governance of CCA and DRR integration in Australia and discusses them in terms of the potential to strengthen governance mechanisms within Australian LGs.
Enabling physicians to lead: Canada’s LEADS framework
Authors: Dickson Graham , Van Aerde John
Published: April 2018

Purpose

The purpose of this paper is to provide a case study demonstrating that LEADS in a Caring Environment Capabilities Framework in Canada can assist physicians to be partners in leading health reform.

Design/methodology/approach

A descriptive case-based approach was followed, relying on existing documents, research papers and peer-reviewed articles, to substantiate the effect of LEADS on physician leadership in Canada.

Findings

The Canadian LEADS framework enables physicians to lead by providing them with access to best practices of leadership, acting as an antidote to fragmented leadership practice, setting standards for development and accountability and providing opportunities for efficient and effective system-wide leadership development and change.

Research limitations/implications

A formal systematic review of the literature was not conducted. Findings can only be generalized to other cases if the reader sees contextual similarities between the present study context and the other case’s context.

Practical implications

This case demonstrates that national leadership frameworks have a role in facilitating physician leadership. Other national jurisdictions may wish to explore the Canadian case to determine how to use a common leadership language to engage physicians in health reform.

Social implications

Leadership is a key component of health reform. A common language and set of standards (LEADS) that can engage physicians will benefit patients and citizens in Canada.

Originality/value

This national case study shows how a nationally endorsed leadership framework such as LEADS can facilitate better physician leadership for health reform.
A comparison of the cataloguing and classification curriculum and job requirements
Authors: Sibiya Philangani Thembinkosi , Shongwe Mzwandile Muzi
Published: April 2018

Purpose

The purpose of this paper is to compare the cataloguing and classification curriculum offered in South African LIS schools and the job market requirement for cataloguers in South Africa (SA). It was instigated by the changes that have occurred in the LIS field over the past decade, especially in cataloguing and classification.

Design/methodology/approach

An interpretive, qualitative approach was used, and content analysis was used as a research and data analysis method. Data were obtained from 3 sources: cataloguing and classification course outlines obtained from 6 LIS schools, 18 interviews conducted with professional cataloguers and 10 job advertisements obtained through newspaper scanning and from the LIASA listserv.

Findings

The results indicate that LIS schools teach basic and advanced cataloguing and classification theory and practical topics. The main objective of the courses is to teach students knowledge organisation. The subjects are offered at bachelor’s degree and postgraduate diploma levels. Tools such as AACR2, RDA, MARC21, DDC and LCSH are mainly used to teach the courses. Professional cataloguers and job advertisements indicate that employers require the knowledge and skills to use the above-mentioned tools. Job advertisements also indicate that a national diploma and two years’ work experience are the minimum requirements for employing cataloguers.

Practical implications

This paper will inform academics whether they are teaching the relevant curriculum. If not, they will have to implement changes or improvements to the current curriculum. It will also help employers get a picture of what is offered in LIS schools and make judgements on whether it is relevant in the job market or not.

Originality/value

This paper has compared what is offered in LIS schools and what is required in the job market and found that there is match between what is offered and required, although there are areas to be improved. This is the first paper to establish that link in SA.
Congruence of stage-of-change for fruit, vegetables and take-out foods with consumption
Authors: Zeidan Bahija , Partridge Stephanie Ruth , Balestracci Kate , Allman-Farinelli Margaret
Published: April 2018

Purpose

Young adults frequently engage in sub-optimal dietary behaviours, such as inadequate intakes of fruits and vegetables and excessive consumption of take-out meals. Theory-based interventions are suggested to promote dietary change. The transtheoretical model is an example that stages an individual’s readiness to change behaviours as precontemplation, contemplation, preparation, action and maintenance, and includes a series of processes that help people move between stages. The purpose of this study is to investigate whether self-reported usual dietary intakes of fruits and vegetables and take-out foods differ by reported stage-of-change.

Design/methodology/approach

Cross-sectional data from 250 overweight young adults, aged 18-35 years, who enrolled in a lifestyle intervention to prevent weight gain are analysed. Participant’s stage-of-change for increasing fruit and vegetable intakes and reducing take-out foods is determined using staging algorithms. This is compared with self-reported dietary intakes over the past month using a food frequency questionnaire. Differences in intakes and variety by stage-of-change are compared for fruits, vegetables and take-out foods.

Findings

Take-out foods differed between stages (p < 0.0001), with lower weekly intakes in action (309 g) and maintenance (316 g) compared with preparation (573 g). Daily fruit intakes and variety scores varied by stage-of-change (p < 0.0001), being highest for action and maintenance (261 g and 263 g, respectively, and variety scores of 1 and 2) compared with precontemplation, contemplation and preparation (all = 100 g and 0 for variety). Daily vegetable consumption and variety scores differed by stage (p = 0.009 and p = 0.025, respectively) being highest for action/maintenance (204 g and 2 for variety) versus precontemplation and preparation (<110 g daily and Variety 1).

Practical implications

The finding of no differences in intakes between precontemplation, contemplation or preparation stages implies that the adoption of the dietary behaviours is not a continuum but a move from pre-action to actioning the target intakes. This means that for planning health promotion and dietary counselling, assigning people to the three different pre-action stages may be unnecessary.

Originality/value

This study is the first to examine the congruence of self-reported readiness to change behaviour with dietary intakes of take-out foods as well as variety of fruit and vegetables in overweight young adults.