bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Lived experience codesign of self-harm interventions: a scoping review
Authors: Wright Lucy C , Lopez Chemas Natalia , Cooper Claudia
Published: December 2023

Objectives

This study aims to map existing literature describing how people with lived experience of self-harm have engaged in codesigning self-harm interventions, understand barriers and facilitators to this engagement, and how the meaningfulness of codesign has been evaluated.

Design

Scoping review by Joanna Briggs Institute methodology. A protocol was published online (http://dx.doi.org/10.17605/OSF.IO/P52UD).

Data sources

PubMed, Embase, PsycINFO, Web of Science, Cochrane Library, PROSPERO, ClinicalTrials.gov and relevant websites were searched on 24 December 2022 (repeated 4 November 2023).

Eligibility criteria

We included studies where individuals with lived experience of self-harm (first-hand or caregiver) have codesigned self-harm interventions.

Data extraction and synthesis

Results were screened at title and abstract level, then full-text level by two researchers independently. Prespecified data were extracted, charted and sorted into themes.

Results

We included 22 codesigned interventions across mobile health, educational settings, prisons and emergency departments. Involvement varied from designing content to multistage involvement in planning, delivery and dissemination. Included papers described the contribution of 159 female, 39 male and 21 transgender or gender diverse codesigners. Few studies included contributors from a minoritised ethnic or LGBTQIA+ group. Six studies evaluated how meaningfully people with lived experience were engaged in codesign: by documenting the impact of contributions on intervention design or through postdesign reflections. Barriers included difficulties recruiting inclusively, making time for meaningful engagement in stretched services and safeguarding concerns for codesigners. Explicit processes for ensuring safety and well-being, flexible schedules, and adequate funding facilitated codesign.

Conclusions

To realise the potential of codesign to improve self-harm interventions, people with lived experience must be representative of those who use services. This requires processes that reassure potential contributors and referrers that codesigners will be safeguarded, remunerated, and their contributions used and valued.
Sick individuals, sick populations revisited: a test of the Rose hypothesis for type 2 diabetes disparities
Authors: Gupta Sonali , Jordan I King , Mariño-Ramírez Leonardo
Published: December 2023

Introduction

The Rose hypothesis predicts that since genetic variation is greater within than between populations, genetic risk factors will be associated with individuals’ risk of disease but not population disparities, and since socioenvironmental variation is greater between than within populations, socioenvironmental risk factors will be associated with population disparities but not individuals’ disease risk.

Methods

We used the UK Biobank to test the Rose hypothesis for type 2 diabetes (T2D) ethnic disparities in the UK. Our cohort consists of 26 912 participants from Asian, black and white ethnic groups. Participants were characterised as T2D cases or controls based on the presence or absence of T2D diagnosis codes in electronic health records. T2D genetic risk was measured using a polygenic risk score (PRS), and socioeconomic deprivation was measured with the Townsend Index (TI). The variation of genetic (PRS) and socioeconomic (TI) risk factors within and between ethnic groups was calculated using analysis of variance. Multivariable logistic regression was used to associate PRS and TI with T2D cases, and mediation analysis was used to analyse the effect of PRS and TI on T2D ethnic group disparities.

Results

T2D prevalence differs for Asian 23.34% (OR=5.14, CI=4.68 to 5.65), black 16.64% (OR=3.81, CI=3.44 to 4.22) and white 7.35% (reference) ethnic groups in the UK. Both genetic and socioenvironmental T2D risk factors show greater within (w) than between (b) ethnic group variation: PRS w=64.60%, b=35.40%; TI w=71.18%, b=28.19%. Nevertheless, both genetic risk (PRS OR=1.96, CI=1.87 to 2.07) and socioeconomic deprivation (TI OR=1.09, CI=1.08 to 1.10) are associated with T2D individual risk and mediate T2D ethnic disparities (Asian PRS=22.5%, TI=9.8%; black PRS=32.0%, TI=25.3%).

Conclusion

A relative excess of within-group versus between-group variation does not preclude T2D risk factors from contributing to T2D ethnic disparities. Our results support an integrative approach to health disparities research that includes both genetic and socioenvironmental risk factors.
Bronchial rheoplasty for chronic bronchitis: 2-year results from a US feasibility study with RheOx
Authors: Sciurba Frank C , Dransfield Mark T , Kim Victor , Marchetti Nathaniel , Comellas Alejandro , Hogarth Douglas Kyle , Majid Adnan
Published: December 2023

Introduction

Chronic bronchitis (CB), a phenotype of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) characterised by persistent cough and mucus hypersecretion, is associated with poor outcomes despite guideline-based treatment. Bronchial rheoplasty (BR) with the RheOx system delivers non-thermal pulsed electric fields to the lower airway epithelium and submucosa to reduce mucus producing cells. Early phase clinical trials including 1-year follow-up have demonstrated reduction in airway goblet cell hyperplasia and improvement in CB symptoms.

Methods

The current multicentre observational BR study enrolled 21 patients with CB at six centres in the USA, with bilateral treatment and 2-year follow-up. Entry criteria included elevated cough and sputum scores from COPD Assessment Test (CAT) and forced expiratory volume in one second<80% predicted. Safety was assessed by serious adverse event (SAE) incidence through 24 months. Clinical utility was evaluated using changes in the CAT, the St. George’s Respiratory Questionnaire (SGRQ) and by comparing exacerbation rates before and following intervention.

Results

No procedure-related or device-related SAEs occurred. Mean (SD) changes from baseline in CAT at 12 and 24 months were −9.0 (6.7) (p<0.0001) and −5.6 (7.1) (p<0.0047) and in SGRQ were −16.6 (13.2) (p<0.0001) and −11.8 (19.2) (p<0.0227), respectively. There was a 34% reduction in moderate and a 64% reduction in severe COPD exacerbation events compared with the year prior to treatment.

Conclusions

This study extends the findings from previous feasibility studies, demonstrating that BR can be performed safely and may significantly improve symptoms and health-related quality of life for patients with CB through 24 months.

Trail registration number

NCT03631472.
Predicting outcomes across treatment settings in patients with shoulder pain referred to physiotherapy: a secondary analysis of two comparable prospective cohort studies
Authors: Agger Nikolaj , Desmeules François , Christiansen David Høyrup
Published: December 2023

Objective

Previous studies have examined factors that may contribute to predicting outcomes for patients with shoulder pain. However, there is still a lack of consensus on which factors predict the results and whether there are differences based on the treatment setting. Thus, this study aimed to analyse and compare how baseline variables are associated with future outcomes in patients with shoulder pain in primary and secondary care settings.

Methods

This study conducted a secondary analysis of two observational prospective cohort studies involving patients with shoulder pain in primary care (n=150) and secondary care (n=183). Multiple regression analyses were employed, with one interaction term at a time, to examine potential differences in association with baseline characteristics and future outcomes between the two settings.

Results

Changes in pain and function were statistically significant at 6 months for patients in primary care and secondary care. However, associations for most baseline variables and outcomes did not differ significantly across these two treatment settings. The only statistically significant interactions observed were for the associations between baseline level of pain, function and fear avoidance beliefs and change in pain scores at 6 months, with lower change scores observed among patients in the secondary care.

Conclusion

This study revealed that the association with outcomes did not differ across settings for most baseline characteristics. These findings suggest that it could be feasible to generalise the prognostic value of most baseline variables for patients with shoulder, irrespective of the treatment setting.
Implementation of the European Society of Cardiology 0/3-hour accelerated diagnostic protocol, using high sensitive troponin T: a clinical practice evaluation of safety and effectiveness involving 3003 patients with suspected acute coronary syndrome
Authors: Hatherley James Daniel , Salmon Thomas , Collinson Paul O , Khand Aleem
Published: December 2023

Background

There have been relatively few studies detailing the real-world effectiveness and safety of accelerated diagnostic protocols (ADP), using high sensitivity cardiac troponin (hs-cTn).

Objective

To analyse the safety and effectiveness of early emergency department (ED) discharge following implementation of the European Society of Cardiology (ESC) 0/3-hour ADP for suspected acute coronary syndromes (ACS).

Method

We prospectively studied 2 cohorts of consecutive suspected ACS presentations to ED before (n=1642) and after (n=1376, 2 centres) implementation of the ESC 0/3-hour ADP incorporating limit of detection rule out. Safety was defined by MACE (major adverse cardiac events) inclusive of type 1 myocardial infarction (MI) in patients discharged from ED, and clinical effectiveness by percentage ED discharge. Continuous variables and categorical data were evaluated by independent t-test and χ2test, respectively. Time-to-event data were analysed as survival data and converted to Kaplan-Meier curves for interpretation.

Results

In the preimplementation period, there was a higher prevalence of MI. Discharge from ED increased by >100% (from 27.1% to 56.5% of the cohort) with no safety signal (MACE rate 4/444 (0.9%) vs 4/769 (0.52%), p=0.430 for the 2011 and 2018 cohort, respectively). This correlated with a marked reduction in length of stay overall but a more modest reduction for those discharged from ED (6 hours 10 min vs 5 hours 25 min, p<0.001) for the 2011 and 2018 cohort, respectively. There were improvements in presentation to blood draw (163–90 min, p<0.001). Time from presentation to first ECG actually increased (16.2 vs 31.2 min, p<0.001). Analysis of hs-cTn values and ECGs revealed a maximum ED discharge rate of 69%, by applying the 0/3-hour protocol, implying potential for increasing safe ED discharge.

Conclusions

Implementation of an ADP with hs-cTn is safe and effective for early rule-out and discharge of suspected ACS but require considerable resources and education to optimise maximal patient flow.
Differences in treatment and clinical outcomes in patients aged ≥75 years compared with those aged ≤74 years following acute coronary syndromes: a prospective multicentre study
Authors: Lawless Michael , Damluji Abdulla , Dirjayanto Valerie Josephine , Mills Gregory , Pompei Graziella , Rubino Francesca , Kunadian Vijay
Published: December 2023

Objective

This study describes the differences in treatment and clinical outcomes in patients aged ≥75 years compared with those aged ≤74 years presenting with acute coronary syndrome (ACS) and undergoing invasive management.

Methods

A large-scale cohort study of patients with ST-elevation/non-ST-elevation myocardial infarction (MI)/unstable angina underwent coronary angiography (January 2015–December 2019). Patients were classified as older (≥75 years) and younger (≤74 years). Regression analysis was used to yield adjusted risks of mortality for older versus younger patients (adjusted for history of heart failure, hypercholesterolaemia, peripheral vascular disease, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, ischaemic heart disease, presence of ST-elevation MI on presenting ECG, female sex and cardiogenic shock at presentation).

Results

In total, 11 763 patients were diagnosed with ACS, of which 39% were aged ≥75 years. Percutaneous coronary intervention was performed in fewer older patients than younger patients (81.2% vs 86.2%, p<0.001). At discharge, older patients were prescribed less secondary-prevention medications than younger patients. Median follow-up was 4.57 years. Older patients had a greater risk of in-hospital mortality than younger patients (adjusted OR (aOR) 2.12, 95% CI 1.62 to 2.78, p<0.001). Older patients diagnosed with ST-elevation MI had greater adjusted odds of dying in-hospital (aOR 2.47, 95% CI 1.79 to 3.41, p<0.001). Older age was not an independent prognostic factor of mortality at 1 year (adjusted HR (aHR) 0.95, 95% CI 0.82 to 1.09, p=0.460) and at longer term (aHR 0.98, 95% CI 0.87 to 1.10, p=0.684).

Conclusions

Older patients are discharged with less secondary prevention. Patients aged ≥75 years are more likely to die in-hospital than younger patients.
Mathematical Models and Optimal Algorithms for Lot Scheduling Considering Job Splitting and Due Dates in Green Logistics
Authors: Liu Ming , Liu Zhongzheng , Zheng Feifeng , Chu Chengbin
Published: December 2023

Lot scheduling is a promising manufacturing mode in green logistics that can efficiently save energy and reduce production costs. It has been widely applied to integrate circuit tests in semiconductor factories, textile processing in garment workshops, etc. Each processing lot is of a fixed capacity and identical processing time, and completes more than one job simultaneously. Jobs with sizes and due dates are allowed to be arbitrarily split and processed in consecutive lots. They are delivered immediately upon completion. To the best of our knowledge, in the domain of lot scheduling, there exist no mathematical programming models that describe the above features simultaneously. In this work, we focus on the single machine environment and mainly consider two lot scheduling problems with the objectives of minimizing the maximum lateness and the total tardiness, respectively. For the problems, we first propose new mixed integer linear programming models (solved by commercial solvers), which enable a systematic understanding of the studied problems and serve as a mathematical programming basis for more complicated problems. We then prove that the Earliest Due-Date (EDD) first rule and the Shortest Processing Time (SPT) first rule can optimally solve the two problems, respectively, provided that the due dates and job sizes are agreeable, i.e., a later due date indicates a larger size of job. Experimental results show the efficiency of our methods and managerial insights are drawn.
Bidirectional controlled remote state preparation in four-dimensional systems
Authors: Jiang She-Xiang , Zhang Ru
Published: December 2023

In this paper, two novel schemes for bidirectional controlled remote state preparation (BCRSP) and asymmetric bidirectional controlled remote state preparation (ABCRSP) in four-dimensional systems are proposed. The first scheme uses a six-particle entangled state as the quantum channel. Under Charlie’s supervision, Alice and Bob can simultaneously create a single-particle four-dimensional equatorial state at each other’s location. Moreover, in the second scheme, using a seven-particle entangled state as the quantum channel, Alice remotely prepares a two-particle four-dimensional equatorial state for Bob, while Bob remotely prepares another single-particle four-dimensional equatorial state for Alice under the supervision of controller Charlie. Both schemes employ quantum operations such as control-not, projective measurement and unitary transformation in four-dimensional systems. It is worth noting that the proposed schemes have a total success probability of 100% in ideal environment. In addition, we also investigate the proposed two schemes in the noisy environment. The fidelities of output states are calculated and the effect factors are discussed. Finally, we give the advantages of these schemes compared to other schemes.
Pelican Whale Optimization Enabled Deep Learning Framework for Video Steganography Using Arnold Transform-Based Embedding
Authors: Suresh G , Manikandan G , Bhuvaneswari G , Shanthakumar P
Published: December 2023

Steganography refers to hiding a secret message from various sources, such as images, videos, audio and so on. The advantage of steganography is to avoid data hacking in transmission medium during the transmission of information sources. Video steganography is superior to image steganography since the videos can hide a substantial quantity of secret messages more than the image. Hence, this research introduced the video stereography technique, Arnold Transform with SqueezeNet-based Pelican Whale Optimization Algorithm (AT[Formula: see text]SqueezeNet_PWOA), for concealing the secret image on the video. To hide the secret image on the video, the proposed method follows three steps: key frame and feature extraction, pixel prediction and embedding. The extraction of the key frame process is carried out by the Structural Similarity Index Measure (SSIM), and then the neighborhood features and convolutional neural network (CNN) features are extracted from the frame to improve the robustness of the embedding process. Moreover, the pixel prediction is completed by the SqueezeNet model, wherein the learning factors are tuned by the PWOA. In addition, the embedding process is completed by applying the Arnold transform on the predicted pixel, and the transformed regions are combined with the secret image using the embedding function. Likewise, the extraction process extracts the secret image from the embedded video by substituting the predicted pixel and Arnold transform on the embedded video. The proposed method is used to hide chunks of secret data in the form of video sequences and it improves the performance. The Arnold transform used in this work provides security by encrypting the data. The use of SqueezeNet makes the proposed model a simple design and this reduces the computational time. Thus, the AT[Formula: see text]SqeezeNet_PWOA attained better correlation coefficient (CC), peak signal-to-noise ratio (PSNR) and mean square error (MSE) of 0.908, 48.66 and 0.001 dB with the Gaussian noise.
“PEOPLE” MEET “MARKOVIANS” — INDIVIDUAL-BASED MODELING WITH HYBRID STOCHASTIC SYSTEMS
Authors: HAWKER MOLLY , SIEKMANN IVO
Published: December 2023

Individual-based models (IBMs) enable modelers to avoid far-reaching abstractions and strong simplifications by allowing for a state-based representation of individuals. The fact that IBMs are not represented using a standardized mathematical framework such as differential equations makes it harder to reproduce IBMs and introduces difficulties in the analysis of IBMs. We propose a model architecture based on representing individuals via Markov models. Individuals are coupled to populations — for which individuals are not explicitly represented — that are modeled by differential equations. The resulting models consisting of continuous-time finite-state Markov models coupled to systems of differential equations are examples of piecewise-deterministic Markov processes (PDMPs). We will demonstrate that PDMPs, also known as hybrid stochastic systems, allow us to design detailed state-based representations of individuals which, at the same time, can be systematically analyzed by taking advantage of the theory of PDMPs. We will illustrate design and analysis of IBMs using PDMPs via the example of a predator that intermittently feeds on a logistically growing prey by stochastically switching between a resting and a feeding state. This simple model shows a surprisingly rich dynamics which, nevertheless, can be comprehensively analyzed using the theory of PDMPs.
Algebraic versions of Hartogs’ theorem
Authors: Bilski Marcin , Bochnak Jacek , Kucharz Wojciech
Published: December 2023

Let [Formula: see text] be an uncountable field of characteristic [Formula: see text]. For a given function [Formula: see text], with [Formula: see text], we prove that [Formula: see text] is regular if and only if the restriction [Formula: see text] is a regular function for every algebraic curve [Formula: see text] in [Formula: see text] which is either an affine line or is isomorphic to a plane curve in [Formula: see text] defined by the equation [Formula: see text], where [Formula: see text] are prime numbers. We also show that regularity of [Formula: see text] can be verified on other algebraic curves in [Formula: see text] with desired geometric properties. Furthermore, if the field [Formula: see text] is not algebraically closed, we construct a [Formula: see text]-valued function on [Formula: see text] that is not regular, but all its restrictions to nonsingular algebraic curves in [Formula: see text] are regular functions.
On the cohomology of NC(−2) in positive characteristic
Authors: Larson Eric
Published: December 2023

Let [Formula: see text] be a general Brill–Noether curve. A classical problem is to determine when [Formula: see text], which controls the quadric section of [Formula: see text].

So far this problem has only been solved in characteristic zero, in which case [Formula: see text] with finitely many exceptions. In this paper, we extend these results to positive characteristic, uncovering a wealth of new exceptions in characteristic [Formula: see text].
Einstein Lie groups, geodesic orbit manifolds and regular Lie subgroups
Authors: Souris Nikolaos Panagiotis
Published: December 2023

We study the relation between two special classes of Riemannian Lie groups [Formula: see text] with a left-invariant metric [Formula: see text]: The Einstein Lie groups, defined by the condition [Formula: see text], and the geodesic orbit Lie groups, defined by the property that any geodesic is the integral curve of a Killing vector field. The main results imply that extensive classes of compact simple Einstein Lie groups [Formula: see text] are not geodesic orbit manifolds, thus providing large-scale answers to a relevant question of Nikonorov. Our approach involves studying and characterizing the [Formula: see text]-invariant geodesic orbit metrics on Lie groups [Formula: see text] for a wide class of subgroups [Formula: see text] that we call (weakly) regular. By-products of our work are structural and characterization results that are of independent interest for the classification problem of geodesic orbit manifolds.
On a bridge connecting Lebesgue and Morrey spaces in view of their growth properties
Authors: Haroske Dorothee D. , Moura Susana D. , Skrzypczak Leszek
Published: December 2023

We study generalized Morrey spaces [Formula: see text] and Besov–Morrey spaces related to them. These spaces appear quite naturally in connection with the study of PDE or to characterize boundedness of certain integral operators. Here, we study unboundedness properties of functions belonging to those spaces in terms of their growth envelopes. This concept has been studied and applied successfully for a variety of smoothness spaces already. Surprisingly, for the generalized Morrey spaces we arrive at three possible cases only, i.e. boundedness, the [Formula: see text]-behavior or the proper Morrey behavior. These cases are characterized in terms of the limit of [Formula: see text] and [Formula: see text] as [Formula: see text] and [Formula: see text], respectively. For the generalized Besov–Morrey spaces the limit of [Formula: see text] as [Formula: see text] also plays a rôle.
Multidimensional Analysis of Investment Priorities for Circular Economy with Quantum Spherical Fuzzy Hybrid Modeling
Authors: Dinçer Hasan , Yüksel Serhat , Hacıoglu Umit , Erdebilli Babek
Published: December 2023

Circular economy aims recycling in the production process instead of destroying the products. With the help of this situation, waste can be considered in the remanufacturing process so that the rate of consumption of natural resources can be decreased. It is necessary to focus on certain investment issues to achieve a circular economy, but all investments have some risks. Hence, the economies should make priority analysis to take efficient actions. Investment priorities are identified to have circular economy. A novel fuzzy decision-making model has been created for this purpose. In the first stage, balanced scorecard criteria are evaluated with the help of multi stepwise weight assessment ratio analysis (M-SWARA). Later, the multidimensional investment priorities of circular economy are ranked. In this context, elimination and choice translating reality (ELECTRE) approach is taken into consideration. The main contribution of the paper is that a new methodology is created by the name of M-SWARA. Owing to these new improvements, cause and effect relationship among the items can be analyzed. It is identified that financial issues play the most crucial role for investments to improve circular economy. On the other side, it is also concluded that remanufacturing is the most significant investment alternative to develop circular economy. For the sustainability of the investment to improve circular economy, necessary financial analysis should be performed. With the help of this situation, these substances can be reintroduced into the production process in the form of raw materials. With the increase of remanufacturing, it will be possible to reduce waste and save scarce material resources.
Fast and noise-robust quantum state tomography based on ELM
Authors: Wu Xiao-Dong , Cong Shuang
Published: December 2023

This paper proposed a quantum state tomography approach based on the extreme learning machine (ELM), which is available in the reconstruction of quantum states via a lightweight neural network. The key step of the proposed tomography approach is to employ the ELM to approximate the complex mapping between the measurement values sequence and the real density matrix. After obtaining the output of the ELM-based estimator, a matrix transformation technique is used to make the network outputs satisfy quantum state constraints. Compared with deep learning-based tomography approaches, our proposed ELM-based approach enables both high-fidelity and high-efficiency quantum state tomography with only one training process under the condition of very few numbers of training samples, network layers and hidden layer nodes. In addition, the proposed tomography approach is robust to noisy measurement values, since the ELM-based estimator is quite lightweight. Simulations on the tomography of eigenstates, superposition states and mixed states are presented to verify our theoretical findings. Also, the superiority of the ELM-based tomography approach is demonstrated in comparison with that based on the radial basis function network, convolutional neural network and maximum likelihood estimation approach.
The constant-roll inflation model in Barrow entropy
Authors: Faruk Karabat M.
Published: December 2023

In this work, we study a constant-roll inflation model embedded in the Barrow entropy scenario. In this regards, we derive the modified of the Friedmann–Robertson–Walker (FRW) universe from the Barrow entropy using the first law of thermodynamics for the apparent horizon of the universe. We consider the inflation dynamics of the early universe under the constant-roll condition where the inflation is driven by a power-law scalar potential field, [Formula: see text]. We calculated the tensor-to-scalar ratio [Formula: see text] and scalar spectral index [Formula: see text] by applying the constant-roll condition with some other parameters and compared them with the Planck 2020 observable data. To reveal the effect of the Barrow parameter [Formula: see text] on the inflation, we fixed the constant-roll inflation parameter as [Formula: see text] and focused on the exponent of potential in the range [Formula: see text]. We observed that as the value of the Barrow parameter approaches zero in the range [Formula: see text], a long and sufficient inflation occurs, consistent with the observation data. This strengthens the claim that the observable values of the Barrow parameter occur at very small values. In addition, the obtained results were also examined numerically.
DOES WOODFUEL PRICE DISTORTION INHIBIT ECO-EFFICIENCY IN WOODFUEL EXPLOITATION SYSTEMS IN SUB-SAHARAN AFRICA? EVIDENCE FROM CAMEROON
Authors: MOUNMEMI MOUSTAPHA , MOHAMMADOU NOUROU , KOBOU GEORGES
Published: December 2023

The aim of this study is to assess the impacts of woodfuel prices distortion on the eco-efficiency of woodfuel exploitation systems. The study, conducted in Cameroon, involved 415 randomly selected woodfuel operators. To achieve this, the marginal opportunity cost approach and the stochastic specification of the production technology were used to assess the price distortion degree and the eco-efficiency indices, respectively. In doing so, the 2SLS allowed to evaluate the impacts of woodfuel prices distortion on eco-efficiency of woodfuel exploitation systems. From this study, we conclude that the woodfuel prices distortion does not encourage eco-efficient exploitation of this resource. A 1% increase in the degree of distortion results in a reduction in eco-efficiency of −0.019 points. Including the optimal price in the woodfuel pricing system will improve eco-efficiency by 0.030 points. In view of these results, a marginal opportunity cost pricing system that takes into account all the exploitation costs ignored by the market price like user costs associated with resource depletion and the external costs associated with CO2 emissions will encourage producers to adopt a sustainable woodfuel exploitation path.
ADVANCEMENTS TO THE RICARDIAN ANALYSIS IN THE PAST QUARTER OF THE CENTURY
Authors: PRAKASH DIVYA , NEMATI MEHDI , DINAR ARIEL , STRUTHERS CORY , MACKENZIE SCOTT , SHUGART MATTHEW S.
Published: December 2023

This paper presents a comprehensive review of the literature on Ricardian analysis as applied to estimating the impact of climate change on agriculture. Through a survey of published research, we discuss revisions, expansions, and the criticisms researchers have made of the Ricardian analysis since its introduction by Mendelsohn et al. The types of dependent variables and the choice of the climate variables utilized in the Ricardian analysis are synthesized and discussed. Additionally, the paper outlines the distinctions between static and dynamic Ricardian analysis, different farm types, and analyses using aggregate and farm-level data. The paper provides a synthesis of the findings of previous studies related to the study location and farm type and explores open questions and empirical concerns that require investigation in future research.
Optimizing deposition regimes to fabricate VO2/TiO2/c-Al2O3 thin films for active metasurfaces
Authors: Kutepov M. E. , Kaydashev V. E. , Stryukov D. V. , Konstantinov A. S. , Mikheykin A. S. , Nikolskiy A. V. , Kozakov A. T. , Morozov A. D. , Kashchenko M. A. , Alymov G. V. , Kaidashev E. M.
Published: December 2023

Decreasing the scale of vanadium dioxide (VO2) structures is one of the ways to enhance the switching speed of the material. We study the properties of VO2 films of altered thicknesses in the range of 20–170[Formula: see text]nm prepared on c-sapphire substrates with a TiO2 sublayer by pulsed laser deposition (PLD) method. The synthesis regime to design a TiO2 film was preliminarily optimized based on XRD data. XRD patterns reveal an epitaxial growth of the VO2 films with distortion of the monoclinic cell to hexagonal symmetry. The positions of the lattice vibration modes in Raman spectra are similar to those in bulk VO2 when the film thickness is greater than [Formula: see text][Formula: see text]nm. For VO2 films thicker that [Formula: see text][Formula: see text]nm, a lattice strain results in the modes’ positions and intensity change. However, the electrically triggered transition in a [Formula: see text][Formula: see text]nm thick VO2 film reveals forward and reverse switching times as short as 20[Formula: see text]ns and 400[Formula: see text]ns, correspondingly.
Simulation and structural design of 2–2 PIMNT/epoxy piezoelectric composites
Authors: Chen Wanggen , Wen Fei , Wan Yao , Li Lili , Li Yang , Zhou Yu
Published: December 2023

Piezoelectric materials are commonly used in transducers to convert electromechanical signals due to their energy conversion characteristics. We designed a PIMNT/epoxy 2–2 composite to take full advantage of the excellent beam-mode piezoelectric and acoustic features of PIMNT single crystals. Following the approach used for piezoelectric ceramic composites, we selected PIMNT piezoelectric single crystal and EPO-TEK301-2 epoxy resin for the composite, and combined finite element analysis with experimental preparation. We prepared, tested and analyzed 2–2 piezoelectric single crystal composites with varying volume fractions, which showed high electromechanical coupling properties ([Formula: see text]%) and low acoustic impedance ([Formula: see text][Formula: see text]MRayl). These encouraging findings suggest the possibility of devising high-performance ultrasonic transducers utilizing the PIMNT/epoxy 2–2 composite.
In-bulk polarization reversal in lithium tantalate with single charged domain wall
Authors: Greshnyakov Evgeny , Chuvakova Maria , Ushakov Andrei , Akhmatkhanov Andrey , Kosobokov Mikhail , Pryakhina Victoria , Shur Vladimir
Published: December 2023

This paper presents the results of the first experimental observation of polarization reversal in the bulk of ferroelectric with a charged domain wall (CDW) under the action of an electric field on the example of a single crystal LiTaO3 plate. A CDW was obtained in the sample bulk at the locus of points with a sign change of the composition gradient which results from sample annealing in lithium rich atmosphere. Imaging of the domain structure in the bulk and its evolution on the surface made it possible to detect anomalous domain kinetics, which represents the growth of ledges on the CDW toward the polar surface. The main stages of the domain structure evolution on the polar surface, including the growth of isolated domains, as well as the formation and decay of the maze domain structure, were revealed. An analysis is made for the time dependence of the area fraction occupied by growing domains. We used a kinetic approach based on the analogy between the growth of domains and crystals to explain the obtained results.
Deposition Pressure Dependence on Spin Hall Angle of W Thin Films Grown on NiFe
Authors: Sriram K. , Pappu Yaswanth Sai , Devapriya M. S. , Pradhan Jhantu , Haldar Arabinda , Murapaka Chandrasekhar
Published: December 2023

Spin-to-charge conversion and vice versa due to spin-orbit coupling in ferromagnet-heavy metal heterostructure is of paramount interest for developing energy-efficient spintronic devices. Here, we have systematically investigated the effect of Ar deposition pressure ([Formula: see text] on the tungsten (W) crystalline phase and extracted spin-dependent transport parameters. X-ray diffraction results show that 10[Formula: see text]nm-thick W films exhibit a structural phase transition from a mixed phase of [Formula: see text]-W to a single phase of [Formula: see text]-W as a function of [Formula: see text]. The observed phase transition is due to a decrease in adatom’s energy and surface mobility. Interestingly, only the [Formula: see text]-W phase is found to stabilize when W sputtered on a seed Ni[Formula: see text]Fe[Formula: see text] (Permalloy or Py) film. The growth of [Formula: see text]-W on the seed Py layer could be due to the strain that facilitates the mixed phase. W deposited on the Py layer is shown to be dependent on [Formula: see text], in which the [Formula: see text]-W relative phase fraction is relative. A ferromagnetic resonance (FMR)-based spin pumping method was employed for spin current injection. The FMR linewidth ([Formula: see text] is enhanced for Py/W compared to the bare Py layer due to the spin current transport across the interface. The spin-mixing conductance ([Formula: see text] is found to be a function of the relative phase fraction of W. The extracted [Formula: see text] is [Formula: see text][Formula: see text]m[Formula: see text] for [Formula: see text][Formula: see text]mTorr and [Formula: see text][Formula: see text]m[Formula: see text] for [Formula: see text][Formula: see text]mTorr. From the inverse spin Hall effect (ISHE) measurements, the effective spin Hall angle ([Formula: see text] is estimated to be [Formula: see text] for [Formula: see text]-W rich mixed phase of [Formula: see text]-W, whereas it is [Formula: see text] for [Formula: see text]-W rich [Formula: see text]-W. Our systematic study demonstrates the relatively large effective spin Hall angle via low-longitudinal resistivity by controlling the relative phase fraction of W and helps in developing energy-efficient spintronic devices.
Coordinated Operation of Virtual Coupling High-Speed Trains Under a Novel Sequential Model Predictive Control Framework
Authors: Bai Weiqi , Zhang Zixuan , Wu Xingtang , Xiong Yizhan , Dong Hairong
Published: December 2023

This paper deals with the coordinated control problem of the multiple high-speeds operating under the virtual coupling mode with special consideration of the coupled safety inter-train distance constraints and other independent constraints affecting train dynamics. Considering the inertial lag phenomenon within longitudinal dynamics, this study employs a third-order nonlinear control model to characterize train motion. To cope with the intricate running constraints explicitly, a centralized constrained model predictive (MPC) control problem is formulated for the regulation of the trains. Within the framework of sequential solving approach, a novel distributed model predictive control (DMPC) algorithm is designed based on a distributed train running information exchange mechanism. The algorithm decomposes the centralized MPC problem into a sequence of local problems, allowing for sequential computation and meeting the real-time control requirements. Notably, the algorithm mitigates solution conservatism arising from the distributed optimization mechanism by accounting for potential hypothetical control policies among a train’s topological neighbors when designing its control policy. The feasibility and effectiveness of the proposed results are rigorously confirmed through theoretical analysis and illustrated by numerical experiment results.
Influence of Iodine Merz–Singh–Kollman Radius on the Calculated Charges and Hydration Free Energies of Iodinated Molecules
Authors: Fortuna Andreia , Suzano Pedro M. S. , Machuqueiro Miguel , Costa Paulo J.
Published: December 2023

Empirical force field methods typically rely on point charges to describe the electrostatic interactions, which is problematic when anisotropy needs to be considered, as in the case of the electrostatic potential of covalently bound halogens that possess a positive site, termed [Formula: see text]-hole, surrounded by a large negative belt. To address this, an off-center point charge (extra point, EP) is usually placed at a given distance from the halogen to emulate the [Formula: see text]-hole and commonly used implementations are based on the restrained electrostatic potential (RESP) procedure to fit atomic charges, being one of the most used charge models. In this context, no specific Merz–Singh–Kollman (MK) radius for iodine is available in the literature, which is an essential parameter in the RESP fitting procedure. In this work, we explored the impact of the iodine MK radius on the obtained RESP charges for a set of 12 iodinated molecules. We verified that the relative root mean square (RRMS) values obtained with and without an EP kept decreasing with increasing radii for most compounds, thus impairing optimization using such a procedure. Nevertheless, the use of an iodine MK radius lower than 2 Å is not advisable since the RRMS kept decreasing considerably until this value was reached. Moreover, the performance of three iodine MK radii was studied with the estimation of the free energy of hydration ([Formula: see text] values using alchemical free energy calculations, which are particularly sensitive to the charges used. Despite the usage of different radii not leading to remarkable differences, our results indicate that using a value of 2.70 Å leads to lower mean absolute errors (MAE) and root mean squared error (RMSE) values when comparing the calculated with the experimental [Formula: see text] values.
Development and Implementation of Physics-Informed Neural ODE for Dynamics Modeling of a Fixed-Wing Aircraft Under Icing/Fault
Authors: Ma Jinyi , Li Yiyang , Tu Jingqi , Zhang Yiming , Ai Jianliang , Dong Yiqun
Published: December 2023

Accurate dynamics modeling is crucial for the safety and control of fixed-wing aircraft under perturbation (e.g. icing/fault). In this work, we propose a physics-informed Neural Ordinary Differential Equation (PI-NODE)-based scheme for aircraft dynamics modeling under icing/fault. First, icing accumulation and control surface faults are considered and injected into the nominal (clean) aircraft dynamics model. Second, the physics knowledge of aircraft dynamics modeling is divided into kinematics and kinetics. The former is universally applicable and borrows directly from the nominal aircraft. The latter kinetics knowledge, which hinges on external forces and moments, is inaccurate and challenging under icing/fault. To address this issue, we employ Neural ODE to compensate for the residual between the aircraft dynamics under icing/fault and the nominal (clean) condition, resulting in a naturally continuous-time modeling approach. In experiments, we benchmark the proposed PI-NODE against three baseline methods in a dedicated flight scenario. Comparative studies validate the higher accuracy and improve the generalization ability of the proposed PI-NODE for aircraft dynamics modeling under icing/fault.
Formation Flight Control and Cooperative Obstacle Avoidance of Multiple UAVs
Authors: Jiang Xiaotong , Zhang Wangcheng , Sun Mingyang , Tang Shuang , Zhen Ziyang
Published: December 2023

This paper primarily focuses on the obstacle avoidance issue of followers in unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) formation flight while considering formation constraints. Based on consensus theory and the artificial potential field (APF) principle, a new fusion UAV formation control algorithm is proposed. The method employs a formation control strategy that combines the leader-following method and the virtual structure method, enabling the generation, maintenance and transformation of the formation through the utilization of a consensus controller. In response to the specific problem of the follower within the formation entering the no-fly zone and the self-collision among UAVs, APF-based formation path replanning and self-collision prevention algorithms are introduced. The simulation results demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed algorithm.
Heterogeneous Effect of Uncertainty on Corporate Investment: Evidence from Listed Korean Firms
Authors: Kim Cheonkoo , Park Jungsoo , Park Donghyun , Tian Shu
Published: December 2023

In this study, we analyse the effect of financial uncertainty on corporate investment using firm-level panel data from the Republic of Korea. We find that financial uncertainty has a significant negative effect on corporate investment, and that the effect is heterogeneous across firms of different sizes. Small firms and large firms are more exposed to the negative effect of uncertainty than medium-sized firms. The negative effect of uncertainty on large firms slightly declined after the global financial crisis (GFC), but it increased for small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs). Financial constraints and investment irreversibility amplify the negative effect of uncertainty. The inverted U-shaped curve of the uncertainty effect along the firm-size spectrum can be understood as follows: Small firms are more financially constrained and large firms’ investments are more irreversible in nature. Lastly, contrary to widespread belief, uncertainty has waned since 1990, dampening the trend of declining investment ratios. To counter the negative effect of uncertainty on SMEs, policies need to be directed toward the development of capital markets and bond markets for SMEs. Furthermore, SME policies should be redirected to target competitiveness, not protection.
Mathematical analysis of campylobacteriosis disease model in human with saturated incidence rate and treatment
Authors: Chuma Furaha Michael , Ngailo Edward Kanuti
Published: December 2023

This study focuses on campylobacteriosis, a common bacterial infection caused by Campylobacter species. The disease is primarily transmitted through contaminated food and water. The infection leads to an inflammatory gastrointestinal syndrome, resulting in symptoms such as diarrhea or dysentery accompanied by cramps, fever, and abdominal pains. To better understand the campylobacteriosis disease dynamics, a mathematical model of the disease is developed to incorporate saturated incidence rates and treatment interventions. The model is analyzed using stability analysis techniques to identify both disease-free and endemic equilibria. The basic reproduction number which is a crucial epidemiological threshold is calculated to assess the diseases potential for sustained transmission. Furthermore, sensitivity analysis is conducted to determine the key parameters that are influencing the dynamics of the disease and the effectiveness of control measures. Optimal control strategies are assessed using Pontryagin’s maximum principle. The study has evaluated interventions such as increased treatment rates and improved hygiene practices through cumulative health public education campaigns to measure their effectiveness in reducing disease prevalence and alleviating the associated healthcare burden. Numerical results revealed that both treatment and improved hygiene practices through cumulative healthy public education campaigns are vital for effective control of the spread of campylobacteriosis among humans.
Autoregressive Feature Extraction with Topic Modeling for Aspect-based Sentiment Analysis of Arabic as a Low-resource Language
Authors: Sweidan Asmaa Hashem , El-Bendary Nashwa , Elhariri Esraa
Published: December 2023

This paper proposes an approach for aspect-based sentiment analysis of Arabic social data, especially the considerable text corpus generated through communications on X (formerly known as Twitter) for expressing opinions in Arabic-language tweets during the COVID-19 pandemic. The proposed approach examines the performance of several pre-trained predictive and autoregressive language models; namely, Bidirectional Encoder Representations from Transformers (BERT) and XLNet, along with topic modeling algorithms; namely, Latent Dirichlet Allocation (LDA) and Non-negative Matrix Factorization (NMF), for aspect-based sentiment analysis of online Arabic text. In addition, Bidirectional Long Short Term Memory (Bi-LSTM) deep learning model is used to classify the extracted aspects from online reviews. Obtained experimental results indicate that the combined XLNet-NMF model outperforms other implemented state-of-the-art methods through improving the feature extraction of unstructured social media text with achieving values of 0.946 and 0.938, for average sentiment classification accuracy and F-measure, respectively.