bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Efficacy of BGJ398, a Fibroblast Growth Factor Receptor 1–3 Inhibitor, in Patients with Previously Treated Advanced Urothelial Carcinoma withFGFR3Alterations
Authors: Pal Sumanta K. , Rosenberg Jonathan E. , Hoffman-Censits Jean H. , Berger Raanan , Quinn David I. , Galsky Matthew D. , Wolf Juergen , Dittrich Christian , Keam Bhumsuk , Delord Jean-Pierre , Schellens Jan H.M. , Gravis Gwenaelle , Medioni Jacques , Maroto Pablo , Sriuranpong Virote , Charoentum Chaiyut , Burris Howard A. , Grünwald Viktor , Petrylak Daniel , Vaishampayan Ulka , Gez Eliahu , De Giorgi Ugo , Lee Jae-Lyun , Voortman Jens , Gupta Sumati , Sharma Sunil , Mortazavi Amir , Vaughn David J. , Isaacs Randi , Parker Katie , Chen Xueying , Yu Kun , Porter Dale , Graus Porta Diana , Bajorin Dean F.
Published: May 2018

BGJ398, a potent and selective pan-FGFR antagonist, was prospectively evaluated in patients with metastatic urothelial carcinoma bearing a diverse array of FGFR3 alterations. Patients (N = 67) who were unable to receive platinum chemotherapy were enrolled. The majority (70.1%) had received two or more prior antineoplastic therapies. BGJ398 was administered orally at 125 mg/day on a 3 weeks on, 1 week off schedule until unacceptable toxicity or progression. The primary endpoint was the response rate. Among 67 patients treated, an overall response rate of 25.4% was observed and an additional 38.8% of patients had disease stabilization, translating to a disease control rate of 64.2%. The most common treatment-emergent toxicities were hyperphosphatemia, elevated creatinine, fatigue, constipation, and decreased appetite. Further examination of BGJ398 in this disease setting is warranted.

Significance: BJG398 is active in patients with alterations in FGFR3, resulting in both reductions in tumor volume and stabilization of disease. Our data highlight putative mechanisms of resistance to the agent, which may be useful in following disease status. Cancer Discov; 8(7); 812–21. ©2018 AACR.

This article is highlighted in the In This Issue feature, p. 781
What Effect Does Ethnicity Have on the Response to Ranibizumab in the Treatment of Wet Age-Related Macular Degeneration?
Authors: Mohamed Ryian , Gadhvi Kunal , Mensah Evelyn
Published: May 2018

Aims: To compare, in a single urban population, the visual outcomes of ranibizumab monotherapy in “White” (W) and “Non-White” (NW) patients with wet age-related macular degeneration (AMD). Procedures: Prospective data was collected from 434 eyes of 217 patients with wet AMD patients receiving intravitreal ranibizumab. Baseline and monthly LogMAR visual acuities were obtained. All patients received treatment under a “treat and extend policy” consisting of three monthly injections of ranibizumab, followed by individualised sequentially lengthening follow-up intervals when stable. Results: At 24 months, the percentage of eyes that maintained or improved vision was 91% in W patients and 83% in NW patients. Correspondingly, at 24 months, the percentage of visual loss was 9% for W patients and 17% of NW patients. We found that whilst W patients required fewer overall injections (14.1) they gained an average 4 LogMAR letters of visual acuity. However, NW patients required more injections (14.6) to gain 0.5 LogMAR letters of visual acuity over the same 24 months of treatment. Conclusions: Individualised ranibizumab monotherapy is more effective in preserving vision for W compared to NW patients with wet AMD.
Subthalamic Nucleus Visualization on Routine Clinical Preoperative MRI Scans: A Retrospective Study of Clinical and Image Characteristics Predicting Its Visualization
Authors: Ranjan Manish , Boutet Alexandre , Xu David S. , Lozano Christopher S. , Kumar Rajeev , Fasano Alfonso , Kucharczyk Walter , Lozano Andres M.
Published: May 2018

Background: The visualization of the subthalamic nucleus (STN) on magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) is variable. Studies of the contribution of patient-related factors and intrinsic brain volumetrics to STN visualization have not been reported previously. Objective: To assess the visualization of the STN during deep brain stimulation (DBS) surgery in a clinical setting. Methods: Eighty-two patients undergoing pre-operative MRI to plan for STN DBS for Parkinson disease were retrospectively studied. The visualization of the STN and its borders was assessed and scored by 3 independent observers using a 4-point ordinal scale (from 0 = not seen to 3 = excellent visualization). This measure was then correlated with the patients’ clinical information and brain volumes. Results: The mean STN visualization scores were 1.68 and 1.63 for the right and left STN, respectively, with a good interobserver reliability (intraclass correlation coefficient: 0.744). Older age and decreased white matter volume were negatively correlated with STN visualization (p < 0.05). Conclusion: STN visualization is only fair to good on routine MRI with good concordance of interindividual rating. Advancing age and decreased white matter are associated with poor visualization of the STN. Knowledge about factors contributing to poor visualization of the STN could alert a surgeon to modify the imaging strategy to optimize surgical targeting.
Ciclopirox Hydroxypropyl Chitosan: Efficacy in Mild-to-Moderate Onychomycosis
Authors: Piraccini Bianca Maria , Tosti Antonella
Published: May 2018

The severity and percentage of nail involvement are usually considered the main prognostic factors for the treatment of onychomycosis. This study investigated the efficacy of P-3051 (ciclopirox [CPX] 8% nail lacquer in hydroxypropyl chitosan technology) in a population subset of the pivotal study, selected according to the criteria used in recent onychomycosis pivotal studies. The original study was a multicenter, randomized, three-arm, placebo-controlled, parallel groups, evaluator-blinded study comparing P-3051 with reference CPX (standard, insoluble 8% CPX nail lacquer) and placebo (P-3051 vehicle) in a 2: 2: 1 ratio, applied once daily for 48 weeks to 467 patients with onychomycosis, followed by a 12-week follow up. The primary endpoint was complete cure (negative mycology and 100% clear nail) at the end of treatment. Among the secondary endpoints, response rate (negative mycology and ≥90% clear nail) and negative culture were chosen as most representative for a clinical setting. A population subset (modified intention-to-treat population, 302 patients) was selected, excluding those with more severe disease (> 50% nail involvement), in line with recent onychomycosis pivotal trials. P-3051 was superior to placebo in all parameters but culture at week 60 and was superior to reference CPX in cure and response rates at week 60. Compared to the overall patient population, efficacy rates in the P-3051 group were higher in the subset excluding patients with nail involvement > 50%. Results increased by 33% (from 5.7 to 7.6%) at week 48 and by 19.0% (from 12.7 to 15.1%) at week 60 for cure rate, by 33% (from 24.0 to 31.9%) and 20% (from 28.7 to 34.5%) for response rate, and by 3% (from 89.1 to 91.6%) and 4.0% (from 79.0 to 82.4%) for culture conversion to negative. This post hoc analysis confirms that the severity of onychomycosis is a prognostic factor for responsiveness to antifungal treatments and that this can significantly affect reported efficacy data. The different inclusion criteria should be taken into account when reviewing the efficacy of antifungal agents from different studies.
The Landscape of Circular RNA Expression Profiles in Papillary Thyroid Carcinoma Based on RNA Sequencing
Authors: Lan Xiabin , Xu Jiajie , Chen Chao , Zheng Chuanming , Wang Jiafeng , Cao Jun , Zhu Xuhang , Ge Minghua
Published: May 2018

Background/Aims: Papillary thyroid carcinoma (PTC) is the most common type of thyroid cancer. However, the molecular mechanisms responsible for its tumorigenesis and progression remain largely unknown. Circular RNA (circRNA) is a novel type of noncoding RNA that can serve as an ideal biomarker due to its stability. Recent evidence suggests that circRNAs play important roles in tumorigenesis. This study aims to investigate circRNA expression profiles and their potential biological functions in PTC. Methods: High-throughput RNA sequencing was used to assess circRNA expression profiles in PTC, and quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR) was used to validate dysregulated circRNAs. Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves were generated to evaluate the diagnostic value of circRNAs for PTC. Gene Ontology (GO) and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) pathway enrichment analyses were employed to determine the biological functions of differentially expressed circRNAs. Bioinformatic analyses were applied to predict interactions between circRNAs and microRNAs (miRNAs), and a circRNA-miRNA-mRNA network was constructed using Cytoscape software. Results: We identified a number of differentially expressed circRNAs in PTC tissues compared with paired normal thyroid tissues, with chr5: 160757890-160763776–, chr12: 40696591-40697936+, chr7: 22330794-22357656-, and chr21: 16386665-16415895– being upregulated, and chr7: 91924203-91957214+, chr2: 179514891-179516047–, chr9: 16435553-16437522–, and chr22: 36006931-36007153– being downregulated. These findings were confirmed by qRT-PCR, and ROC curves indicated that they can serve as potential biomarkers for PTC. GO and KEGG pathway analyses showed that some of these circRNAs are related to cancers. Additionally, bioinformatic analyses revealed a potential competing-endogenous-RNA-regulating network among circRNAs, miRNAs, and mRNAs. Conclusions: Our study results depict the landscape of circRNA expression profiles in PTC and also provide potential biomarkers for PTC. Further functional and mechanistic studies of these circRNAs may improve our understanding of PTC tumorigenesis.
Metabolic Response of the Immature Right Ventricle to Acute Pressure Overloading
Authors: Kajimoto Masaki , Nuri Muhammad , Isern Nancy G. , Robillard‐Frayne Isabelle , Des Rosiers Christine , Portman Michael A.
Published: May 2018

Background

Surgical palliation or repair of complex congenital heart disease in early infancy can produce right ventricular (
RV
) pressure overload, often leading to acute hemodynamic decompensation. The mechanisms causing this acute
RV
dysfunction remain unclear. We tested the hypothesis that the immature right ventricle lacks the ability to modify substrate metabolism in order to meet increased energy demands induced by acute pressure overloading.

Methods and Results

Twenty‐two infant male mixed breed Yorkshire piglets were randomized to a sham operation (Control) or pulmonary artery banding yielding >2‐fold elevation over baseline
RV
systolic pressure. We used carbon 13 (
13
C)‐labeled substrates and proton nuclear magnetic resonance to assess
RV
energy metabolism. [Phosphocreatine]/[
ATP
] was significantly lower after pulmonary artery banding. [Phosphocreatine]/[
ATP
] inversely correlated with energy demand indexed by maximal sustained
RV
systolic pressure/left ventricular systolic pressure. Fractional contributions of fatty acids to citric acid cycle were significantly lower in the pulmonary artery banding group than in the Control group (medium‐chain fatty acids; 14.5±1.6 versus 8.2±1.0%, long‐chain fatty acids; 9.3±1.5 versus 5.1±1.1%).
13
C‐flux analysis showed that flux via pyruvate decarboxylation did not increase during
RV
pressure overloading.

Conclusions

Acute
RV
pressure overload yielded a decrease in [phosphocreatine]/[
ATP
] ratio, implying that
ATP
production did not balance the increasing
ATP
requirement. Relative fatty acids oxidation decreased without a reciprocal increase in pyruvate decarboxylation. The data imply that
RV
inability to adjust substrate oxidation contributes to energy imbalance, and potentially to contractile failure. The data suggest that interventions directed at increasing
RV
pyruvate decarboxylation flux could ameliorate contractile dysfunction associated with acute pressure overloading.
“Sectual” Performance in Rule Texts
Authors: Miller Shem
Published: May 2018

In this article, I examine descriptions of community meetings in Rule Texts to outline the content, authority, and functions of membership’s oral performance in the sectarian movement associated with the Dead Sea Scrolls. In particular, I explore portrayals of oral performance during local chapter meetings (1QS 6:1b–7a), nightly study sessions (1QS 6:7b–8a), general membership meetings (1QS 6:8b–13a; CD 14:3b–12a), covenant renewal ceremonies (1QS 1:24–26; CD 20:27–30), admission procedures (1QS 5:7c–9a, 6:13b–23; CD 15:5b–10a), and a meeting of Israel in the last days (1QSa 1:1–6a). Overall, I argue that oral performance consistently played a vital role in members’ lives, whenever and wherever they lived.
Once Again on Word Order in the War Scroll (1QM)
Authors: Siegismund Kasper
Published: May 2018

This contribution offers a critical evaluation of John Screnock’s hypothesis that the basic word order in 1QM is subject-verb, with inversion triggered by fronting of non-subject elements or by the use of intransitive verbs. After a detailed examination of the evidence, the opposite conclusion is reached. Basic word order is verb-subject, with inversion to subject-verb order with pragmatically marked subjects (focus fronting). There seems to be no causal relationship between transitivity and word order. Furthermore, it is argued that Screnock’s interpretation of 1QM 1:1–3 (which flows from his transitivity-based analysis) is highly unlikely, as it leads to a division of sentences that would produce a structure practically unattested in the rest of the text. In addition, the findings are applied to the general discussion of word order in Hebrew, in particular as an argument against recent attempts at describing Biblical Hebrew as a language with basic subject-verb order.
The Right to Legal and Other Appropriate Assistance for Child Suspects and Accused
Authors: Rap S.E. , Zlotnik D.
Published: May 2018

In this article the development and background of the Directive on procedural safeguards for children who are suspects or accused persons in criminal proceedings is sketched out. Two key rights are reflected upon: the right to legal assistance and the right to other appropriate assistance. The main challenge with regard to the implementation of the right to legal assistance is the possibility of member states to derogate from this right on the basis of the circumstances of the particular criminal case(s) involving the child. The right to legal assistance is contingent upon the proportionality clause that has been built in the Directive and therefore legal assistance is not guaranteed for every child suspect or accused. The right to other appropriate assistance is given separate attention in the Directive, which strengthens the child’s legal position and his support during the proceedings.
Building the Visible Immortality of the Nation: The Centrality of ‘Rooted Modernism’ to the Third Reich’s Architectural New Order
Authors: Griffin Roger
Published: May 2018

This article sets out to contribute conceptual clarity to the growing recognition of the modern and futural dynamic behind fascist cultural projects by focusing on projects for architectural renewal under the Third Reich. It starts by reviewing the gradual recognition of the futural temporality of the regime’s culture. It then introduces the concept ‘rooted modernism’ and argues for its application not only to the vernacular idioms of some of the Reich’s new buildings, but also to the International Style and machine aesthetic deployed in many Nazi technological and industrial buildings. The article’s main focus is on the extensive use made in the new civic and public architecture under Nazism (and Fascism) of ‘stripped classicism’. This was a form of neo-classicism widely encountered in both democratic and authoritarian states throughout the inter-war period, and which can be understood as an alternative strand of architectural modernism co-existing with more overtly avant-garde experiments in reshaping the built environment. The case is then made for applying a new conceptual framework for evaluating the relationship to modernity and modernism of architectural projects, not just in fascist cultural production, but that of the many authoritarian right-wing regimes of the period which claimed to embrace the national past while striving for a dynamic, heroic future. This opens up the possibility for historians to engage with the complex cultural entanglements and histoires croisées of revolutionary with modernizing conservative states in the ‘fascist era’.
Futures Made Present: Architecture, Monument, and the Battle for the ‘Third Way’ in Fascist Italy
Authors: Kallis Aristotle
Published: May 2018

During the late 1920s and 1930s, a group of Italian modernist architects, known as ‘rationalists’, launched an ambitious bid for convincing Mussolini that their brand of architectural modernism was best suited to become the official art of the Fascist state (arte di stato). They produced buildings of exceptional quality and now iconic status in the annals of international architecture, as well as an even more impressive register of ideas, designs, plans, and proposals that have been recognized as visionary works. Yet, by the end of the 1930s, it was the official monumental stile littorio – classical and monumental yet abstracted and stripped-down, infused with modern and traditional ideas, pluralist and ‘willing to seek a third way between opposite sides in disputes’, the style curated so masterfully by Marcello Piacentini – that set the tone of the Fascist state’s official architectural representation. These two contrasted architectural programmes, however, shared much more than what was claimed at the time and has been assumed since. They represented programmatically, ideologically, and aesthetically different expressions of the same profound desire to materialize in space and eternity the Fascist ‘Third Way’ future avant la lettre. In both cases, architecture (and urban planning as the scalable articulation of architecture on an urban, regional, and national territorial level) became the ‘total’ media used to signify and not just express, to shape and not just reproduce or simulate, to actively give before passively receiving meaning. Still, it was the more all-encompassing and legible coordinates of space and time in the ‘rooted’ modernism of the stile littorio that captured and expressed a third-way mediation between universality and singularity and between futural modernity and tradition better than the trenchant, inflexible anti-monumentalism of the rationalists.
Faces of Modernity in the Architecture of the Peronist State, 1943–1955
Authors: Ballent Anahi
Published: May 2018

Within the context of Peronist expectations regarding culture, the article examines three cases of architectural and urban projects that displayed various kinds of articulation in terms of promotional policies, state institutions, intervening technology, the urban aspects involved, and the architectural aesthetics proposed. The works are interpreted—with respect to their aesthetic forms and images and the political content they transmit—as materializations of the new order envisaged by Peronism. Each of the case studies highlights different visualizations or aspects of this new order. In conceptual terms, all of the characteristics manifested by Peronist cultural production were also observable in the projects of inter-war dictatorships, especially those of Italian fascism. Clearly, given the period in which Peronism came to power, it is anachronistic to locate the architectural programmes which it hosted within the political categories of ‘inter-war dictatorship’ or even ‘fascism’. Nevertheless, seen through the lens of these two categories, it can be shown that the ethos of Peronism falls within the framework of the fascist era, due to its promotion of grandiose visionary projects for national renewal expressed through the transformation of the built environment on a scale characteristic of the two fascist regimes. Such projects mythically elevated Perón and Eva Perón to the level of leaders of the Argentinian people, whom they both saw as an organic entity, socially harmonious, rooted in the history of the nation and, in international terms, decidedly placed the nation on the road to the “third position” pioneered by fascist movements before 1945 in which tradition and modernity were reconciled in a form of modernism termed by Roger Griffin ‘rooted modernism’.
The ‘Datasphere’, Data Flows beyond Control, and the Challenges for Law and Governance
Authors: Bergé Jean-Sylvestre , Grumbach Stéphane , Zeno-Zencovich Vincenzo
Published: May 2018

The flows of people, goods and capital, which have considerably increased in recent history, are leading to crises (e.g., migrants, tax evasion, food safety) which reveal the failure to control them. Much less visible, and not yet included in economic measurements, data flows have increased exponentially in the last two decades, with the digitisation of social and economic activities. A new space – Datasphere – is emerging, mostly supported by digital platforms which provide essential services reaching half of the world’s population directly. Their control over data flows raises new challenges to governance, and increasingly conflicts with public administration.

In this paper, we consider the need and the difficulty of regulating this emerging space and the different approaches followed on both sides of the Atlantic. We distinguish between three situations. We first consider data at rest, which is from the point of view of the location where data are physically stored. We then consider data in motion, and the issues related to their combination. Finally, we investigate data in action, that is data as vectors of command of legal or illegal activities over territories, with impacts on economy and society as well as security, and raise governance challenges.

The notion of ‘Datasphere’ proposes a holistic comprehension of all the ‘information’ existing on earth, originating both in natural and socio-economic systems, which can be captured in digital form, flows through networks, and is stored, processed and transformed by machines. It differs from the ‘Cyberspace’, which is mostly concerned with the networks, the technical instruments (from software and protocols to cables and data centers) together with the social activities it allows, and to what extent they could/should be allowed.

The paper suggests one – out of the many possible – approach to this new world. Clearly it would be impossible to delve in depth into all its facets, which are as many as those of the physical world. Rather, it attempts to present how traditional legal notions could be usefully managed to put order in a highly complex environment, avoiding a piecemeal approach that looks only at details.
Rethinking the Public-Private Law Divide in the Age of Governmentality and Network Governance
Authors: van den Berge Lukas
Published: May 2018

This article presents an analysis of the ways in which the public-private law divide is envisioned in French, English and Dutch law. First, it explains why French law’s tradition of regarding public and private law as ‘two separated worlds’ is now outmoded, failing to live up to the present trends of ‘governmentality’ and ‘network governance’ determining the modern art of government. Subsequently, it argues that the holistic idea of English ‘common law’ as French law’s conceptual counterpart is equally outmoded, with its ideology of ‘self-government’ within a ‘stateless society’ being out of touch with an age of managerialism and ‘governmentality’ in which the state withdraws from society only to increase its grip on societal processes. Finally, it proposes a paradigm recently developed in Dutch doctrinal thought as an attractive theoretical framework for structural innovations that may contribute to a stable and legitimate system of modern European public law that attunes to its present context without being alienated from its central classical tenets – be it either those rooted in the French or the English tradition.
Discovery and description of the male of Tityus uquirensis (Scorpiones: Buthidae) from the Paria Peninsula, northeastern Venezuela
Authors: DE SOUSA LEONARDO , MANZANILLA JESÚS , BORGES ADOLFO , CORNEJO-ESCOBAR PABLO , GREGORIANI TONIO
Published: May 2018

The male specimen of Tityus uquirensis González-Sponga, 2001, a buthid scorpion species endemic to the Paria Peninsula, Sucre State, eastern Venezuela, is described for the first time. The male differs from the female in having elongated and slender pedipalps, a character also found in the males of T. nematochirus, T. meridanus, T. surmeridensis, and T. quirogae. Data are provided on T. uquirensis biology and morphological variations. Tityus uquirensis is the second northeastern Venezuelan scorpion (together with T. quirogae) exhibiting elongated pedipalps. Tityus uquirensis geographical distribution is hereby extended to the west, including the southern slope of the Paria Peninsula.
Marilia caramuru sp. nov. and Marilia paraguassu sp. nov. (Trichoptera: Odontoceridae), two new species from Maranhão State, Northeast Brazil
Authors: ROCHA ISABELA C. , SOUZA WAGNER RAFAEL M.
Published: May 2018

Although the world species diversity of Marilia Müller 1880 is not great, knowledge about this group may be underestimated, since several areas are poorly studied, especially in Northeast Region, Brazil. Two new species are described and illustrated here based on specimens collected in Maranhão State, from which the genus has not been reported previously. Despite the similarity of Marilia caramuru sp. nov. with M. elongata Martynov 1912, differences between them are observed especially in segment X and preanal appendages, in addition to details of wing venation. The unique set of spiniform projections on endotheca, and the wrinkled prominence on sternum VIII distinguish Marilia paraguassu sp. nov. from all other species in the genus. The material examined has been deposited in the Coleção Entomológica Professor José Alfredo Pinheiro Dutra, UFRJ, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil, and in the Coleção Zoológica do Maranhão, UEMA, Maranhão, Brazil.
A new species of the Ololygon catharinae species group (Anura: Hylidae) from the Cerrado biome, State of Goiás, Central Brazil
Authors: DE ANDRADE SHEILA PEREIRA , SANTOS DANUSY LOPES , ROCHA CEZAR FILHO , POMBAL JOSÉ P. JR. , VAZ-SILVA WILIAN
Published: May 2018

We describe a new species of Ololygon from the Cerrado biome, Central Brazil. The new species is assigned to the Ololygon catharinae species group based in morphological attributes. Ololygon goya sp. nov. in known only from type locality—Sítio d’Abadia municipality, State of Goiás—and associated with riparian environments connected to seasonal dry forest on the banks of the Corrente river, a tributary of the Paranã river basin. The new species is characterized by the combination of the following characters: medium size (24.4–38.8 mm SVL); snout subovoid in dorsal view; canthus rostralis well defined; males with hypertrophied forearms and nuptial pads; inguinal region and hidden surfaces of thigh with irregular dark brown spots on pale yellowish background. We also describe the external morphology and oral morphology of tadpoles, and the advertisement calls of the new species.
A key to males of Atherigona s. str. (Diptera: Muscidae) from Mali, with new records and a new species for the country
Authors: MULLER BURGERT S. , MOSTOVSKI MIKE B.
Published: May 2018

Sixteen species have been found in Malaise traps and fogging samples from Kéniéroba and Ouronina, SW Mali. One new species, Atherigona kenierobaensis sp. nov., is described; A. budongoana, A. laevigata, A. lineata torrida, A. mirabilis aratra, and A. nigrapicalis are newly recorded for Mali; this brings the total number of species known from the country to 30. An illustrated identification key for Malian Atherigona species is provided.
The Lampropidae (Crustacea: Cumacea) of the World
Authors: GERKEN SARAH
Published: June 2018

Prior to the present study, the cumacean family Lampropidae included 114 species. This family is primarily found in temperate to cold waters. Revisions and investigation of museum collections yielded 12 new genera (Alamprops n. gen., Aplatysympus n. gen., Austrolamprops n. gen., Brachylamprops n. gen., Doieolamprops n. gen., Farragolamprops n. gen., Paraplatysympus n. gen., Phallolamprops n. gen., Phallolampropoides n. gen., Pseudoarchaeocuma n. gen., Quasiparalamprops n. gen., Reyssia n. gen.) and 23 new species (Aplatysympus neozealanicus n. sp., Austrolamprops sulcatus n. sp., Bathylamprops paraleucon n. sp., Brachylamprops scabridus n. sp., Chalarostylis bruunae n. sp., Doeiolamprops confundus n. sp., Farragolamprops seminalis n.sp., F. spinacristatus n. sp., Hemilamprops impellucidus n. sp., Lamprops northwindae n. sp., Misceolamprops concavus n. sp., Paraplatysympus aspericristatus n. sp., P. echinolowryi n. sp., Phallolamprops californiensis n. sp., P. pribilofensis n. sp., Phallolampropoides chukchiensis n. sp., Platytyphlops bamberi n. sp., P. echinatus n. sp., P. lowryi n. sp., P. petrescui n. sp., P. taylorae n. sp., Pseudoarchaeocuma bacescui n. sp., Quasiparalamprops chathamensis n. sp.). Additional description and Fig. of the ovigerous female and adult male of Watlingia chathamensis are provided. All new species and genera are described and illustrated, with diagnoses and keys to all genera and species. In addition, Mesolamprops bacescui is transferred to the Diastylidae as Diastylis bacescui (Gamô 1999).
Don Carlos Infante of Spain
Authors: Schiller Friedrich
Published: May 2018

Schiller’s Don Carlos, written ten years before his great Wallenstein trilogy, testifies to the young playwright’s growing power. First performed in 1787, it stands at the culmination of Schiller’s formative development as a dramatist and is the first play written in his characteristic iambic pentameter. Don Carlos plunges the audience into the dangerous political and personal struggles that rupture the court of the Spanish King Philip II in 1658. The autocratic king’s son Don Carlos is caught between his political ideals, fostered by his friendship with the charismatic Marquis Posa, and his doomed love for his stepmother Elisabeth of Valois. These twin passions set him against his father, the brooding and tormented Philip, and the terrible power of the Catholic Church, represented in the play by the indelible figure of the Grand Inquisitor.

Schiller described Don Carlos as "a family portrait in a princely house.” It interweaves political machinations with powerful personal relationships to create a complex and resonant tragedy. The conflict between absolutism and liberty appealed not only to audiences but also to other artists and gave rise to several operas, not least to Verdi’s great Don Carlos of 1867. The play, which the playwright never finished to his satisfaction, lives on nonetheless among his best-loved works and is translated here with flair and skill by Flora Kimmich. Like her translations of Schiller’s Wallenstein and his Fiesco’s Conspiracy at Genoa, this is a lively and accessible rendering of a classic text. As with all books in the Open Book Classics series, it is supported by an introduction and notes that will inform and enlighten both the student and the general reader.
Reliability and Climatological Impacts of Convective Wind Estimations
Authors: Edwards Roger , Allen John T. , Carbin Gregory W.
Published: May 2018

Convective surface winds in the contiguous United States are classified as severe at 50 kt (58 mi h−1, or 26 m s−1), whether measured or estimated. In 2006, NCDC (now NCEI) Storm Data, from which analyzed data are directly derived, began explicit categorization of such reports as measured gusts (MGs) or estimated gusts (EGs). Because of the documented tendency of human observers to overestimate winds, the quality and reliability of EGs (especially in comparison with MGs) has been challenged, mostly for nonconvective winds and controlled-testing situations, but only speculatively for bulk convective data. For the 10-yr period of 2006–15, 150 423 filtered convective-wind gust magnitudes are compared and analyzed, including 15 183 MGs and 135 240 EGs, both nationally and by state. Nonmeteorological artifacts include marked geographic discontinuities and pronounced “spikes” of an order of magnitude in which EG values (in both miles per hour and knots) end in the digits 0 or 5. Sources such as NWS employees, storm chasers, and the general public overestimate EGs, whereas trained spotters are relatively accurate. Analysis of the ratio of EG to MG and their sources also reveals an apparent warning-verification-influence bias in the climatological distribution of wind gusts imparted by EG reliance in the Southeast. Results from prior wind-tunnel testing of human subjects are applied to 1) illustrate the difference between measured and perceived winds for the database and 2) show the impact on the severe-wind dataset if EGs were bias-corrected for the human overestimation factor.
Use of Ensemble Forecasts to Investigate Synoptic Influences on the Structural Evolution and Predictability of Hurricane Alex (2016) in the Midlatitudes
Authors: González-Alemán Juan Jesús , Evans Jenni L. , Kowaleski Alex M.
Published: May 2018

Hurricane Alex was an extremely rare hurricane event, the first North Atlantic hurricane to form in January since 1938. Alex developed from an extratropical low pressure system that formed over the western North Atlantic basin, and then underwent tropical transition after moving to the eastern basin. It subsequently underwent anomalous extratropical transition (ET) just north of the Azores Islands. We examine the factors affecting Alex’s structural evolution and the predictability of that evolution. Potential scenarios of structural development are identified from a 51-member forecast ensemble from the European Centre for Medium-Range Weather Forecasts Ensemble Prediction System (ECMWF-EPS), initialized at 0000 UTC 10 January 2016. The EPS forecasts are clustered using a regression mixture model based on the storm’s path through the cyclone phase space. Composite maps constructed from these clusters are used to investigate the role of synoptic-scale features on the evolving structure of Hurricane Alex as it interacted with the midlatitude flow. Results suggest that the crucial factor affecting this interplay was the behavior of a large extratropical cyclone and its associated cold front and likely warm conveyor belt upstream of Alex; the intensity of these structures determined whether Alex underwent a typical cold-core ET (as observed) or a warm-seclusion ET. The clustering and compositing methodology proposed not only provides a nuanced analysis of the ensemble forecast variability, helping forecasters to analyze the predictability of future complex tropical–midlatitude interactions, but also presents a method to investigate probable causes of different processes occurring in cyclones.
Evaluation of a Healthy Chinese Take-Out Sodium-Reduction Initiative in Philadelphia Low-Income Communities and Neighborhoods
Authors: Ma Grace X. , Shive Steven E. , Zhang Guo , Aquilante Jennifer , Tan Yin , Pharis Meagan , Bettigole Cheryl , Lawman Hannah , Wagner Amanda , Zhu Lin , Zeng Qiaoling , Wang Min Qi
Published: May 2018

Objectives:

Sodium reduction in restaurant foods is important because 77% of sodium in the United States is consumed by eating prepared and restaurant foods. We evaluated a sodium-reduction intervention, Healthy Chinese Take-Out Initiative, among Chinese take-out restaurants in low-income neighborhoods in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania. Our objectives were to (1) analyze changes in the sodium content of food samples and (2) collect data on changes in chefs’ and owners’ knowledge about the health risks of sodium overconsumption, perceptions of the need for sodium reduction, self-efficacy for lowering sodium use, and perceptions of training needs for sodium-reduction strategies.

Methods:

The initiative trained chefs from 206 Chinese take-out restaurants on strategies to reduce sodium in prepared dishes. We analyzed changes in the sodium content of the 3 most frequently ordered dishes—shrimp and broccoli, chicken lo mein, and General Tso’s chicken—from baseline (July-September 2012) to 36 months after baseline (July-September 2015) among 40 restaurants. We conducted a survey to examine the changes in chefs’ and owners’ knowledge, perceptions, and self-efficacy of sodium reduction. We used multilevel analysis and repeated-measures analysis of variance to examine effects of the intervention on various outcomes.

Results:

We found significant reductions in the sodium content of all 3 dishes 36 months after a low-sodium cooking training intervention (coefficients range, –1.06 to –1.69, P < .001 for all). Mean knowledge (range, 9.2-11.1), perceptions (range, 4.6-6.0), and self-efficacy (range, 4.2-5.9) ( P < .001 for all) of sodium reduction improved significantly from baseline (August 2012) to posttraining (also August 2012), but perceptions of the need for sodium reduction and self-efficacy for lowering sodium use returned to baseline levels 36 months later (August 2015).

Conclusions:

The intervention was a useful population health approach that led to engaging restaurants in sodium-reduction practices. Local public health agencies and professionals could partner with independent restaurants to introduce environmental changes that can affect population health on a broad scale, particularly for vulnerable populations.
The American Frontier as State of Nature
Authors: Faber Michael J.
Published: May 2018

John Locke claims that “in the beginning, all the world was America.” If this were, in fact, the case, then the early American frontier ought to resemble the state of nature that Locke describes. Louis Hartz finds in early American settlement a sort of instinctive Lockeanism, while Frederick Jackson Turner sees in the frontier the primary determining factor in American development. Combining the two suggests that American society may well have developed along Lockean lines, but only if the frontier was in fact at least an approximation of Locke’s state of nature. The frontier does resemble such a state in certain respects, though Locke’s concepts of natural law and justice are conspicuously absent, or at least very weak. This helps to explain why the Americanized version of Locke described by Hartz, rather than a more accurate and complete reading, became the dominant ideological force in early American political development.
Shareholder Influence on Joint Venture Exploration
Authors: Connelly Brian L. , Shi Wei , Hoskisson Robert E. , Koka Balaji R.
Published: May 2018

In this study, we theorize about how different types of institutional investors influence firms’ choice of exploration versus exploitation for their joint ventures (JVs). Exploratory JVs engender risk, uncertain outcomes, and ex post contractual updating, whereas exploitative JVs allow for ex ante contracts. We argue that dedicated institutional investors (DIIs), who maintain concentrated holdings over time regardless of current earnings, offer tolerance for failure and reward for long-term success that encourages managerial choice of exploratory JVs. Transient institutional investors (TIIs), who trade frequently based on near-term performance metrics, prefer ex ante contracts and use exit to discipline managers who do not meet their short-term performance objectives. This suggests that TIIs may influence managers to reduce the extent to which they choose exploratory (as opposed to exploitative) JVs. Furthermore, we argue that the transactional governance of TIIs gives way to the relational monitoring of DIIs when both types of shareholders are present. As a result, the likelihood of choosing exploration, versus exploitation, as a JV formation strategy is greatest in the presence of high DII and TII ownership. We examine JVs among S&P 500 firms over the years 2000 to 2010, and results largely support our theory.
Short- and long-term effects of pulmonary rehabilitation for idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis: a systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Cheng Li , Tan Botao , Yin Ying , Wang Sanrong , Jia Lang , Warner Gerry , Jia Gongwei , Jiang Wei
Published: May 2018

Objective:

To investigate the short- and long-term effects of pulmonary rehabilitation in patients with idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF).

Data sources:

An electronic search of MEDLINE, Embase and Cochrane Central databases along with hand search of relevant papers were performed on 15 March 2018.

Review methods:

This study was conducted in accordance with the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) guidelines. We searched the literature for randomized controlled trials of pulmonary rehabilitation in IPF patients. The outcomes were exercise capacity and health-related quality of life. Two authors independently extracted data, assessed trial eligibility and risk of bias. Meta-analyses were performed using RevMan and STATA software.

Results:

We extracted data from four randomized controlled trials (142 participants). At short-term follow-up, pulmonary rehabilitation significantly enhanced 6-minute walk distance (6-MWD; weighted mean difference (WMD) = 38.38, 95% confidence interval (CI) = 4.64–72.12, I2 = 60.7%; P < 0.05), reduced St. George’s Respiratory Questionnaire (SGRQ)/IPF-specific SGRQ (SGRQ-I) total score (WMD = –8.40, 95% CI = –11.44 to −5.36, I2 = 0%; P < 0.00001). At long-term follow-up, pulmonary rehabilitation could not enhance 6-MWD (WMD = 17.02, 95% CI = –26.87 to 60.81, I2 = 36.3%; P = 0.43) or reduce SGRQ/SGRQ-I total score (WMD = –3.45, 95% CI = –8.55 to 1.64, I2 = 38.3%; P = 0.088).

Conclusion:

In patients with IPF, pulmonary rehabilitation showed short-term effects in enhancing exercise capacity and health-related quality of life, while it had no detectable effects at long-term follow-up.
The Effect of Total Cost Information on Consumer Treatment Decisions: An Experimental Survey
Authors: Kwon Regina , Allen Larry A. , Scherer Laura D. , Thompson Jocelyn S. , Abdel-Maksoud Madiha F. , McIlvennan Colleen K. , Matlock Daniel D.
Published: May 2018

Background. Unrestrained use of expensive, high-risk interventions runs counter to the idea of a limited medical commons. Objective. To examine the effect of displaying the total first-year cost of implanting a left ventricular assist device (LVAD) on a hypothetical treatment decision and whether this effect differs when choosing for oneself versus for another person. Design. We conducted an online survey in February 2016. The survey described the clinical course of end-stage heart failure and the risks and benefits of an LVAD. Participants were randomized to 1 of 4 scenarios, which varied by patient identity (oneself versus another person) and description of total cost. Measurements. This study measured acceptance of LVAD implantation. Reasoning and attitudes were secondarily explored. Results. We received 1211 valid responses. The mean age was 38.3 y (±12.8); 53.5% were female and 84.4% were white. Participants were more likely to accept an LVAD when shown the total cost (66.2% v. 58.0%, P = 0.003) or when choosing for another (68.0 % v. 56.4%, P < 0.001). Open-ended responses indicated that acceptors wanted to extend survival while decliners feared poor quality of life with LVAD therapy. Acceptors and decliners agreed that consumers can help lower the cost of health care, but decliners were more likely to consider cost when making health care decisions ( P < 0.001). Limitations. Limitations include the use of a hypothetical scenario, the use of paid participants, and differences between the respondents and the typical patient facing an LVAD decision. Conclusions. In this sample, being shown the total cost increased the likelihood of accepting an expensive, high-risk treatment. The results question how well consumers understand the relationship between expensive treatments and the commons.
A Database Perspective of the Transition from Single-use (Ancillary-based) Systems to Integrated Models Supporting Clinical Care and Research in a MUMPS-based System
Authors: Siegel Jason , Kirkland David
Published: May 2018

The Composite Health Care System (CHCS), a MUMPS-based hospital information system (HIS), has evolved from the Decentralized Hospital Computer Program (DHCP) installed within VA Hospitals. The authors explore the evolution of an ancillary-based system toward an integrated model with a look at its current state and possible future. The history and relationships between orders of different types tie specific patient-related data into a logical and temporal model. Diagrams demonstrate how the database structure has evolved to support clinical needs for integration. It is suggested that a fully integrated model is capable of meeting traditional HIS needs.
Performance of Hyperspectral Imaging with Drone Swarms
Authors: Bridgelall Raj , Rafert James B. , Tolliver Denver D.
Published: May 2018

The ongoing proliferation and diversification of remote sensing platforms offer greater flexibility to select from a range of hyperspectral imagers as payloads. The emergence of low-cost unmanned aircraft systems (drones) and their launch flexibility present an opportunity to maximize spectral resolution while scaling both daily spatial coverage and spatial resolution simultaneously by operating synchronized swarms. This article presents a model to compare the performance of hyperspectral-imaging platforms in their spatial coverage and spatial resolution envelope. The authors develop a data acquisition framework and use the model to compare the achievable performance among existing airborne and spaceborne hyperspectral imaging vehicles and drone swarms. The results show that, subject to cost and operational limitations, a platform implemented with drone swarms has the potential to provide greater spatial resolution for the same daily ground coverage compared with existing airborne platforms.
To Reveal or Conceal: How Diverse Undocumented Youth Navigate Legal Status Disclosure
Authors: Patler Caitlin
Published: May 2018

Existing literature illuminates the multiple barriers young undocumented immigrants face, yet we know little about how these challenges vary among undocumented youth. This article explores variation in how undocumented youth “manage” their legal status in the educational context. Drawing on interviews with Latina/o, Asian American and Pacific Islander (API), and black undocumented young adults in California, I analyze the factors influencing when and how youth decide to reveal or conceal legal status from school personnel or peers, and the educational consequences of such decisions. I find undocumented students’ decisions to hide legal status, while practical, can constrain social network formation and limit access to academic resources. However, decisions to reveal or conceal legal status are not made uniformly but vary by political and social context, and access to support within co-ethnic social networks. Finally, knowing other undocumented immigrants is an important resource for undocumented youth as they navigate the educational system.