bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Effect of Solvents on 1-Butyl-1,2,4-Triazolium Trifluoroacetate Triggered
Synthesis of 2,3-Dihydroquinazolin
Authors: Kandasamy Elango , Satheesh Anjitha , Gokuldas Gopika , Gayathri Krishnan M.
Published: May 2022

Background:

Quinazolinones are a class of heterocyclic compounds that have a wide variety of applications. They are also used in agrochemicals. There are several methodologies reported for the synthesis of 2,3-dihydroquinazolines using various catalysts.

Method:

Here, by using 1-butyl-1,2,4-triazolium as cation and trifluoroacetate as anion, 2,3-dihydroquinazolin-4(1H)-one has been synthesized. For the synthesis of 2,3-dihydroquinazolin-4(1H)-one condensation of anthranilamide with the corresponding aldehyde in the presence of organocatalyst and solvent is done. Using benzaldehyde as the parent aldehyde, to validate the outcome, the benzaldehydes were selected as follows a) benzaldehyde, b) 4-methoxybenzaldehyde – electron releasing group and c) 4-nitrobenzaldehyde – electronwithdrawing group. Solvent study has been done with solvents varied from polar to apolar. Both polar protic and polar aprotic solvents are used for the reactions. The polar protic solvents used were water, methanol, ethanol, isopropanol, butanol, hexane-1-ol, and glycerol. The polar aprotic solvents used are ethyl acetate, DMF,acetonitrile, and DMSO. The moderately apolar solvents used are DCM, carbon tetrachloride, 1,4 dioxane, and chloroform.

Results:

The synthesized triazolium salts are found soluble in polar aprotic, polar protic solvents and few moderately apolar solvents such as DCM, chloroform, acetonitrile, water, methanol and ethanol whereas insoluble with apolar solvents like toluene, benzene, and hexane.The yield of 2-phenyl-2,3-dihydroquinazolin-4(1H)-one was low for 1-butyl-1,2,4-triazolium trifluoroacetate based organocatalyst. But for substituted benzaldehyde, the yield was comparatively high. Comparatively, the yield for 2-(4-methoxyphenyl)-2,3-dihydroquinazolin-4(1H)-one, where the aromatic benzaldehyde had electron-donating group, is less than 2-(4-nitrophenyl)-2,3-dihydroquinazolin-4(1H)-one, where the aromatic benzaldehyde had an electron-withdrawing group.

Conclusion:

Substituted benzaldehyde gave better yields than benzaldehyde. And nitro group which is electrowithdrawing attached to benzaldehyde enhanced the electrophilic nature at carbonyl center showed higher yields than methoxy group which is electron donating attached to benzaldehyde as it deactivates the carbonyl carbon. The polar protic solvents like water, ethanol and methanol stabilizes the ionic intermediates and gave better yield. Even the moderately apolar solvents like DCM, chloroform resulted in good yields, green solvents like water, ethanol and methanol would be a better choice as solvents. The carbon chain on the solvent has got an effect on product yield. As the carbon chain increases in solvent, the yield decreases due to the separation difficulties. The polar aprotic solvents did gave better yields but not as good as polar protic solvents.
A Fuzzy Multi-Criteria Decision Making Methodology for Job Evaluation
Authors: Sarucan Ahmet , Söğüt Aysel , Baysal Mehmet Emin
Published: May 2022

Aims:

In this study, the integrated methods Hesitant Fuzzy Analytic Hierarchy Process (HF-AHP), Fuzzy COmplex Proportional Assessment (F-COPRAS) and Fuzzy Technique for Order Performance to Ideal Solution (F-TOPSIS) were used for job evaluation studies in a food company.

Background:

There has been a decline in employee performance in the company. Unfair wages and unequal workload were identified as the reasons for the failure. Therefore, it has been observed that the staff turnover rate in the company is quite high.

Objective:

The objective is to determine a fair wage policy that will increase employee satisfaction by stratifying with job evaluation analysis between positions.

Methods:

The experts of Human Resources Department determined eight competency evaluation criteria for job evaluation studies in the proposed approach. Based on their judgments on these criteria, the competencies were rated using a linguistic scale and the weighting values were calculated using HF-AHP method. These values are inputs for the next stage. Employees were ranked using F-COPRAS and F-TOPSIS methods.

Results:

This study showed that the integrated method can be an effective alternative solution approach for calculating the weighting values and ranking of competencies in job evaluation studies.

Conclusion:

It has been shown that the use of the strata created as a result of this study is a great facilitator in determining employee pay policies.
Ultrasonographic diagnosis of hepatic coccidiosis in rabbits
Authors: Huismans M. , Hermans K. , Stock E.
Published: May 2022

Eimeria (E.) stiedae is a protozoan parasite causing hepatic coccidiosis in rabbits. It mostly infects younger animals and causes nonspecific signs like stunted growth, weakness, dehydration, diarrhea and anorexia. Macroscopically, the liver has a typical appearance. It is enlarged, showing firm yellow-white lesions on the surface. These lesions are enlarged bile ducts filled with bile and necrotic debris. Although all diagnostic tools for hepatic coccidiosis in live animals are currently impracticable or inconclusive, ultrasound might be useful for the diagnosis of hepatic coccidiosis. However, the appearance of liver changes associated with E. stiedae on ultrasonography has poorly been described in the literature. In this study, ex-vivo ultrasound of 24 livers was performed, i.e. the livers of two healthy rabbits and 22 livers of rabbits with suspected liver coccidiosis. Hyperechoic lesions of variable size and shape were found in all affected livers. In some of these livers, other signs of hepatic disease were detected: heterogenous liver parenchyma, appearance of hepatomegaly with round edges, gallbladder sludge and thickening of the gallbladder wall.
An obstructive upper respiratory emergency in a pregnant Belgian blue heifer
Authors: Gille L. , Bayrou C. , Casalta H. , Djebala S. , Eppe J. , Sartelet A.
Published: May 2022

In this case report, the surgical intervention and aftercare are described of an upper airway obstruction in a two-and-a-half year old, seven-months pregnant Belgian blue heifer. The animal had been referred to the Clinic for Ruminants (University of Liège) for complaints of stridor and dyspnea and suffered from necrotic laryngitis, complicated by the formation of an obstructive granuloma. Emergency tracheotomy was performed to save the life of the cow and its calf. Through the use of a self-retaining cannula, the modified tracheotomy site could be kept patent until the calf was born and the pathology resolved two months after admission. Healing of the larynx was checked and documented by use of nasal and retro-tracheal endoscopy.
Analisis Kondisi Normal dan Malfungsi Pressurized Heavy Water Reactor dengan IAEA Conventional PHWR Simulator
Authors: Widyanto Rachmad , Nuraini Mahmudah Rida Siti
Published: May 2022

Pressurized Heavy Water Reactor (PHWR) adalah salah satu reaktor nuklir yang teknologinya terus dikembangkan hingga saat ini. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui perubahan nilai parameter besaran daya yang dihasilkan saat kondisi normal dan malfungsi menggunakan conventional PHWR simulator. Telah dilakukan empat simulasi variasi keadaan, yaitu keadaan normal sebagai pembanding atau variabel kontrol dan tiga keadaan malfungsi yang akan menunjukkan beberapa perubahan nilai parameter. Setiap variasi keadaan diberi waktu pengamatan selama empat menit dengan pencatatan data untuk setiap menitnya. Analisis data dilakukan dengan membandingkan nilai dari beberapa parameter yang dapat mempengaruhi besaran daya yang dihasilkan. Pada keadaan normal, nilai parameter pada reactor power, thermal power dan turbine power cenderung konstan atau stabil dengan beberapa perubahan nilai yang kecil serta daya yang dihasilkan tetap yaitu 924,04 MW. Sedangkan pada keadaan turbine spurious trip terdapat nilai parameter yang fluktuatif, tetap, menurun, dan meningkat dengan daya yang dihasilkan sebesar 0 MW. Untuk malfungsi FW LCV101 fails open, perubahan nilainya juga fluktuatif, menurun, dan berubah dengan daya akhir yang dihasilkan sebesar 0 MW. Terakhir, pada keadaan one bank of absorber rod drops terjadi perubahan nilai yang fluktuatif, meningkat, dan tetap dengan daya akhir yang dihasilkan sebesar 380,58 MW.
Perbandingan Metode Exponential Smoothing dan Moving Average dalam Peramalan Retribusi Pengujian Kendaraan Bermotor di Dinas Perhubungan Kota Blitar
Authors: Setyowati Endah
Published: May 2022

Analisis deret berkala (times series) merupakan salah satu model atau teknik peramalan yang banyak dilakukan dalam berbagai bidang, di antaranya analisis deret berkala pada retribusi pengujian kendaraan bermotor. Peramalan dalam retribusi pengujian kendaraan bermotor diperlukan untuk mengetahui apakah bulan selanjutnya dapat memenuhi target atau tidak. Karena besarnya retribusi pengujian kendaraan bermotor menggambarkan besar kas Dinas Perhubungan, yang dijadikan acuan penyelenggaraan rencana program-program penunjang sektor lain. Pada penelitian ini dilakukan peramalan data retribusi pengujian kendaraan bermotor pada Dinas Perhubungan Kota Blitar dengan metode exponential smoothing dan moving average yang bertujuan untuk mengetahui perbandingan keefektivitasan kedua metode tersebut dalam meramalkan retribusi pengujian kendaraan bermotor. Pada penelitian ini diperoleh hasil bahwa metode yang sesuai untuk meramalkan jumlah retribusi pengujian kendaraan bermotor Dinas Perhubungan Kota Blitar adalah metode single exponential smoothing  dengan peramalan jumlah retribusi pengujian kendaraan bermotor pada bulan September 2020 sebesar Rp. 49.995.278.
Corporate governance and its impact on strategy diversification and growth in the Saudi non-oil sector
Authors:   Department of Information System, Faculty of Computing and Information System, Northern Border University, Rafha, Saudi Arabia, Kouki Marouan Boubaker , Kachoukh Amani Mourad ,   Department of Information System, Faculty of Computing and Information System, Northern Border University, Rafha, Saudi Arabia
Published: May 2022

The purpose of this article is to study the influence of internal governance mechanisms on the diversification and growth strategy of Saudi firms in the non-oil sector. Considering a sample of 70 Saudi companies observed over the period 2006-2014 and using the Linear Regression method, correlated panels, corrected standard errors (PCSEs). Our empirical results show the structure of the board of directors that motivates Saudi firms to run less risk and diversify all activities rather than refocus the group's activity. We have shown that the presence of the largest shareholder has a positive effect on the diversification strategy. These results support our basic assumptions that firms with a high concentration of capital favor diversification rather than the risk that accompanies the growth of the firm's overall activities. In line with our reasoning and consistent with previous research, our main contribution is that the control mechanisms are not neutral with regard to the diversification strategy. The verification of these assumptions in the Saudi context makes it possible to enrich the verification of the positive relationship between governance and the diversification of firms.
Identification of methicillin-resistant strains of Staphylococcus aureus isolated from humans and food sources by use mecA 1 and mecA 2 genes in Pulsed-field gel electrophoresis technique
Authors: Sabah Fakhry Saad , Noori Hammed Zainab , Abdul - elah Bakir Wasan , Laftaah ALRubaii Bahaa Abdullah
Published: May 2022

Staphylococcus aureus causes mastitis in dairy cows, lambs, goats, and skin disorders in pigs and other animals. S. aureus causes localized purulent infections that affect soft tissues, bones, and other organs in humans. Using restriction patterns, the researchers want to isolate and identify methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) strains from cattle and humans. They also hope to assess their genetic relatedness by comparing the mecA1 and mecA2 gene sequence discrepancies. Animals (223 strains) and people have been used to acquire S. aureus strains for study (83). The E-test was used to assess whether or not the bacteria were resistant to methicillin. The mecA1 and mecA2 genes were identified by using pulsed-field gel electrophoresis (PFGE) to analyze DNA restriction patterns. The results were shown. S. aureus strains from animals and men were resistant to methicillin in 32 (14.34 %) and 53 (63.8 %), respectively. PFGE was used to determine the differences between human and veterinary pathology strains. Two strains of bacteria collected from animals were discovered to be identical; nevertheless, microorganisms recovered from humans were found to be significantly similar to the bacteria recovered from animals. Both human and veterinary pathology were implicated in the development of methicillin resistance. The MRSA strains found in humans were much more significant than those found in animals. The strains recovered from animals exhibited a high degree of genetic heterogeneity. Still, the enormous number of indistinguishable bacteria in humans leads one to believe that a dominant clone is present. When it comes to the molecular characterization of MRSA isolates, PFGE might be regarded as the gold standard.

Keywords. Animals, Human, MRSA, PFGE, Staphylococcus, mecA genes
Investigated of the Hydrogen peroxide's efficacy in sterilizing various substrates for the formation of the oyster mushroom Pleurotus sapidus
Authors: Hasan Najm Shahad , Rasheed Majeed Alqaisi Mustafa
Published: May 2022

This study was conducted in order to test some agricultural wastes from fruits and sterilization method in the production of oyster mushroom Pleurotus sapidus. This study included two factors, the first is the type of substrate which consisting of seven combinations: A0 (wheat straw 80% + flour bran 20%), A1 (pomegranate peel 25% + wheat straw 75%), A2 (pomegranate peel 50% + wheat straw 50%), A3 (pomegranate peel 75% + wheat straw 25%), A4 (date fruit residues 25% + wheat straw 75%), A5 (date fruit residues 50% + wheat straw 50%), A6 (date fruit residues 75% + straw wheat 25%). The second factor is the sterilization method, represented by two methods of sterilization, the first is sterilization by Autoclave (P0) and the second is sterilization using hydrogen peroxide H2O2 at two concentrations of 3% (P1) and 5% (P2). A2 achieved the shortest period of growth and spread of mycelium which was 51.67 days and the highest amount of total wet yield was 199.2 g.kg-1. A0 and A6 had the shortest period for primordia formation which was 61.0 and 62.8 days, respectively. The mixture of A6 substrate gave the longest production cycle duration of 40.8 days and the highest biological efficiency rate was 44.78%. A1 and A2 gave the shortest fruiting period of 6.22 days. The P0 sterilization method recorded the shortest period for the growth and spread of mycelium, shortest period for the formation of primordia and the longest production cycle resulting in 48.88, 47.4 and 43.6 days, respectively, while the P1 sterilization method recorded highest wet yield of 175.6 g.kg-1 and the highest biological efficiency rate of 39.85%.

Keywords. Pleurotus sapidus, hydrogen peroxide, sterilization, substrate
Effectiveness and Utility of Virtual Reality Infection Control Simulation for Children With COVID-19: Quasi-Experimental Study
Authors: Yu Mi , Yang Mi Ran
Published: May 2022

Background

It is essential that nurses quickly learn the proper methods for preventing and controlling nosocomial infection and managing intensive care patients during the COVID-19 pandemic, including the donning and doffing of personal protective equipment (PPE). Virtual reality (VR) simulation offers the advantage of learning in a safe environment with a sense of realism similar to that of an actual clinical setting and has been reported to enhance self-efficacy in infection control, safety performance, and learning satisfaction among students.

Objective

This study aims to develop a virtual reality infection control simulation (VRICS) program regarding donning and doffing of PPE and respiratory care for pediatric patients admitted to an isolation unit for COVID-19 and to identify the effects of the program on PPE knowledge, infection control performance, and self-efficacy for nursing students. Additionally, the realism of the VRICS program and the students’ level of satisfaction with the program were assessed.

Methods

This was a quasi-experimental study based on a controlled pretest-posttest design. Third- and fourth-year nursing students were divided into an experimental group (n=25) who participated in a VRICS program and a control group (n=25) with no participation. Data were collected from November 13 to December 10, 2021, and analyzed using descriptive statistics and the t test, paired t test, Mann-Whitney U test, and Wilcoxon matched-pair signed-rank test. The VRICS program consisted of a prebriefing, including direct practice of donning and doffing PPE, VR simulation, and debriefing. The VR simulation comprised 3 sessions: donning and inspection of PPE in the dressing room before entering the negative-pressure isolation unit; assessing for suction care, nasopharyngeal suctioning, and checking of COVID-19 patients in the negative-pressure isolation unit; and doffing PPE in the dressing room. The total execution time for the program was 180 min.

Results

Compared with the control group, the experimental group showed significantly greater improvements in PPE knowledge (z=–3.28, P<.001), infection control performance (t48=4.89, P<.001), and self-efficacy (t36.2=4.93, P<.001). The experimental group’s mean scores for realistic immersion and learner satisfaction were 4.49 (SD 0.50) points and 4.75 (SD 0.38) points (on a 5-point Likert scale), respectively.

Conclusions

The VR simulation training program involving pediatric COVID-19 patients combined skills training effectively and enhanced theoretical knowledge, respiratory care skills, and infectious disease preparedness. Thus, it could be applied to training nurses to respond more effectively to public health situations involving infectious diseases, including the COVID-19 pandemic.
Нові можливості застосування блокатора ішемічного каскаду в терапії гострого інфаркту міокарда
Authors: Zhebel V.M. , Strazhynska O.L.
Published: May 2022

Окисний стрес відіграє особливу роль при гострому коронарному синдромі (ГКС), зокрема, є провідною ланкою патогенезу реперфузійного пошкодження міокарда. Продукти вільнорадикального окиснення можуть запускати процеси загибелі кардіоміоцитів та бути відповідальними за 50 % кінцевого розміру зони некрозу при ГКС, виникнення реперфузійних аритмій, систолічної мікросудинної дисфункції. Тому адекватна антиоксидантна терапія, спрямована на елімінацію активних форм кисню, активацію антиоксидантів, модуляцію процесів безпосередньої та відтермінованої загибелі клітин, має бути важливою складовою менеджменту ГКС. Едаравон є найперспективнішим антиоксидантом і блокатором ішемічного каскаду завдяки своїм фармакокінетичним та фармакодинамічним особливостям. За даними низки експериментальних та клінічних досліджень, застосування едаравону у пацієнтів з ГКС веде до зниження рівня вільних радикалів на тлі активації таких ферментів-антиоксидантів, як супероксиддисмутаза, глутатіонпероксидаза, каталаза, до збереження нормальної архітектури мітохондрій та інших клітинних структур, пригнічення експресії різноманітних протеїнів, залучених в активацію апоптозу, фероптозу та прозапальної відповіді. На клінічному рівні едаравон сприяє зменшенню зони некрозу з вірогідним зниженням плазмового рівня КФК-МВ, запобігає розвитку аритмій та систолічної дисфункції на тлі ішемії/реперфузії. За результатами рандомізованих плацебо-контрольованих досліджень, застосування едаравону у пацієнтів з ГКС до проведення реперфузії у перші 6 годин після виникнення симптомів є ефективним у зменшенні зони інфаркту та профілактиці реперфузійних аритмій. Таким чином, едаравон є потужним антиоксидантом і блокатором ішемічного каскаду з додатковими антиапоптотичним та антифероптотичним, антинекротичним, протизапальним ефектами, стабілізує кардіоміоцити та ендотеліальні клітини, а його призначення при ГКС є перспективною стратегією профілактики реперфузійного пошкодження міокарда зі зменшенням зони некрозу, профілактикою фатальних порушень ритму, патологічного ремоделювання міокарда та судин. Завдяки своїм багатогранним ефектам едаравон може бути корисним і при інших кардіоваскулярних захворюваннях.
Навчання школярів базової серцево-легеневої реанімації: трирічне проспективне когортне дослідження
Authors: Lyovkin O.A.
Published: May 2022

Актуальність. У країнах Європи щодня вмирають від раптової серцевої смерті близько 2500 осіб. Більшість смертельних випадків виникли на вулиці, у громадських закладах, тому що ніхто зі свідків не вмів адекватно надати екстрену домедичну допомогу. Тому всі групи суспільства повинні навчатися надання домедичної допомоги. Тому практичні та соціальні навички необхідно розвивати на ранніх етапах навчання, починаючи зі школярів. Мета цієї роботи — провести аналіз трирічного проспективного когортного дослідження навчання школярів Запорізького багатопрофільного ліцею № 99 базової серцево-легеневої реанімації. Матеріали та методи. У проспективному когортному дослідженні брали участь 300 школярів 7–10-х класів за 2016–2019 навчальні роки. Методичною радою ліцею № 99 спільно з кафедрою медицини катастроф, військової медицини Запорізького державного медичного університету була розроблена та затверджена робоча програма «Базова підтримка життєдіяльності»; був створений навчально-тренувальний клас із необхідним оснащенням та зібрана команда сертифікованих інструкторів для проведення симуляційних тренінгів зі школярами. Рівень практичних навичок школярів оцінювався за допомогою створеного протоколу та чек-листів. Статистичний аналіз даних передбачав методи описової статистики. Величини, що мали розподілення, відмінне від нормального, надані у вигляді медіани (нижній квартиль; верхній квартиль). Аналіз кількісних величин проведений за допомогою U-критерію Манна — Уїтні, якісні бінарні ознаки порівнювались із використанням критерію χ2 з поправкою Єйтса, точного тесту Фішера. В усіх процедурах критичний рівень значимості р приймали за 0,05. Обробку даних проводили з використанням пакета прикладних програм Statistica 10.0. Результати. Дані дослідження свідчать, що рівень практичних навичок школярів, які проходили симуляційне навчання за програмою «Базова підтримка життєдіяльності» (5,5 години навчання), був вище (16,5 (14; 18)) від рівня практичних навичок школярів, які отримали класичне навчання за програмою «Захист Вітчизни» (60 годин навчання) (8,6 (6; 10)) (р = 0,001). Також було доведено, що вікових та гендерних різниць між рівнем практичних навичок школярів 7–10-х класів, які пройшли симуляційне навчання за програмою «Базова підтримка життєдіяльності», не існує (р > 0,05). Також під час дослідження були отримані дані, що рівень практичних навичок роботи з тренувальним автоматичним зовнішнім дефібрилятором школярів 7–10-х класів, які пройшли симуляційне навчання за програмою «Базова підтримка життєдіяльності», був високим (від 76,6 до 96,2 %).
Дистанційне навчання у підготовці до ліцензійного іспиту «Крок 3» за модулем «Невідкладні стани»: за та проти
Authors: Yekhalov V.V. , Kravets O.V. , Sedinkin V.A. , Romanyuta I.A. , Krishtafor D.A. , Pavlysh O.S.
Published: May 2022

У 2020–2021 роках в умовах пандемії COVID-19 система післядипломної медичної освіти пішла на вимушені заходи щодо збереження життя та здоров’я суб’єктів навчання та викладацького складу у вигляді тимчасового переходу на дистанційну освіту. Під час проходження лікарями-інтернами різних спеціальностей модуля «Невідкладні стани» було проведено анонімне тестування 342 молодих колег із подальшими певними висновками. Дистанційний андрагогічний процес є прийнятним і корисним лише як складова дуальної форми вищої медичної освіти. Віддалена форма навчання у великих аудиторіях має багато недоліків, тому заняття доцільно вести у малих групах. Такий вид навчання потребує ретельного вивчення, оптимізації й адаптації до сучасних умов.
Formación de profesores en IFRN para el tratamiento didáctico de la literatura en clases de español
Authors: Silva Girlene Moreira da
Published: May 2022

La literatura funciona como exponente de culturas y discursos de diferentes regiones de diferentes países y ofrece numerosas posibilidades de elección por parte del profesor. Defendemos su presencia en las clases de lengua extranjera, a partir de las contribuciones de autores como Mendoza (1993, 2002, 2007), Aragão (2006), Silva (2011, 2016), Acquaroni (2007), Albaladejo (2007), entre otros. En este artículo, discutimos la importancia de la lectura literaria en las clases de español como lengua extranjera, así como la relevancia de la formación del profesorado para llevar la literatura a sus clases de lengua española. Además, presentamos la evolución del lugar de tratamiento didáctico del texto literario en la trayectoria del Curso de Licenciatura en Letras Español en el Campus Natal Central del IFRN, desde sus PPC (2005, 2012, 2014 y 2018), algunos proyectos ya realizados dentro del Curso que apuntan a la formación de los futuros profesores en este campo y, finalmente, las percepciones de 18 alumnos del Curso de Letras Español sobre la importancia de los conocimientos del tratamiento didáctico de la literatura para su formación y práctica docente. Los resultados nos muestran, principalmente, que, después, del acceso a una asignatura y a proyectos vueltos a esta mirada, hubo una superación de creencias negativas hacia la presencia del texto literario en clases de español como lengua extranjera (E/LE), además del reconocimiento de la importancia de la formación teórica y práctica de profesores de lenguas para el tratamiento didáctico de la literatura en clases de español.
Tomato Leaf Disease Detection
Authors: Jasani Abhishek , Dholi Mehul , Purkar Soham
Published: May 2022

Abstract: Tomato is an important crop in India and affects India’s economy in many ways. It is observed that the development in agriculture is sluggish nowadays due to the attack of diseases. Many farmers detect diseases by their previous experience or some take help from experts. Traditional ways are often used to detect the diseases by the farmers. So, there is the possibility of an inaccurate diagnosis of diseases having very large similarity in their symptoms. So, it is essential to move towards the new strategies for automatic diagnosis and controlling of disease. So, there is a need for an automatic, accurate and less expensive machine vision system for detection of disease from tomato leaf images.
Green Path Project Develops Using Image Processing
Authors: Surve Miss. Radha Vishnu , Chavan Miss. Nikita Amar , Kamble Miss. Pratiksha Sudhir , Bidkar Miss. Gouri Sanjay , Chakote Prof. Mrunanalini S.
Published: May 2022

Abstract: The Green Path project develops Image Processing which includes changing the nature of an image in the order to improve its pictorial information for human interpretation, for autonomous machine perception. In digital image processing, image is converted to an array of small integers, called pixels, representing a physical quantity such as scene radiance, stored in a digital memory, and processed by computer. Interest in digital image processing methods is in two principal applications areas: first one is improvement of pictorial information for human interpretation; and second one is processing of image data for storage, transmission, and representation for image or machine. Edge detection is one of the most difficult tasks in image processing hence it is a problem of fundamental importance in image processing method. In this paper we find out different steps of digital image processing. Like, a high-speed filter implementation is presented. Then Filter solves the purpose of removing the impulse noise from the image and reducing distortion in the image. The Image Processing is very important in the project. Then indicate a specific spot required for pointing to show the main spot for empty places. So, we required to divide the image pixelization points and coloring into different parts. And last one spotted the spot which is very important for project. Image processing is a method to perform operations on an image to extract information from it or enhance it. Digital image processing has a broad range of applications such as image restoration, medical imaging, remote sensing, image segmentation, etc. Every process requires a different technique. Keywords: Image Processing, scene radiance
Transparent Concrete (LiTraCon)
Authors: Swain Chandan , Moharana Rajashree , Dash Aishwarya , Hrudayjeet P. , Sahoo Chitrabhanu
Published: May 2022

Abstract: This article especially covenant with the translucent concrete and also future advantages usage of smart construction world, usages of transparent concrete is a concrete based building material with having light-Trans missive properties due to embedded light optical elements usually Optical fibers. Light is conducted through the stone from one end to the other. Therefore the fibers are need to arrange through the whole object. Transparent concrete is also known as the translucent concrete and light transmitting concrete because of its properties. It is used in fine architecture as a front of building material and for cladding of interior walls. In this report, to integrate the merits of concrete and optical fiber, for developing transparent concrete by arranging the high numerical aperture Plastic Optical Fibers (POF) or big diameter glass optical fiber into concrete. The main purpose is to use sunlight as a light source to reduce the non-renewable energy consumption of illumination and to use the optical fibre to sense the stress of structures and also use this concrete as an architectural purpose for good aesthetic view of the building. The binding material in transparent concrete which is able to transmit light by using clear resins the concrete mix. The Paper circumscribe with the need of transparent concrete at present to utilize the sunlight and for architecture technologies. The new type of concrete can satisfy the green energy saving with its own Natural properties. The work presented in this project reports an investigation on the behaviour of concrete and mortar with optical fibre. Concrete and mortar cube are casted with fibers to study the properties and to compare the compressive strength between normal mix concrete with optical fibre and normal mortar with optical fibre after 7 days, 14 days and 28 days respectively. The compressive strength of concrete samples made with different fibre amount varies from 4% to 5% . The compressive strength of translucent concrete depends upon the amount of fibre content present. The samples with fibers of 4% showed better results in comparison with the others.
PENGARUH MEDIA PEMBELAJARAN GAMBAR BERSERI TERHADAP KETERAMPILAN MENULIS DESKRIPSISISWA KELAS VII SMP NEGERI 24 JAKARTA TIMUR
Authors: Ibrahim Nini
Published: May 2022

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui pengaruh media pembelajaran gambar berseri terhadap keterampilan menulis deskripsi pada siswa kelas VIISMP Negeri 24 Jakarta Timur. Metode yang digunakan untuk penelitian ini adalah pra eksperimen, desain penelitian yang digunakan yaitu perbandingan grup. Sampel penelitian ini meliputi 30 siswa kelas eksperimen dan 30 siswa kelas kontrol. Uji normalitas dilakukan dengan Uji Liliefors. Untuk kelas eksperimen didapat Lo maksimal yaitu 0,1228. Sedangkan di kelas kontrol didapat Lo maksimal yaitu 0,1151, sedangkan Ltabel pada taraf signifikansi 0,05 didapat Ltabel maksimal sebesar 0,161. Perhitungan uji normalitas dengan menggunakan liliefors dapat dirangkum dalam tabel sebagai berikut. Disimpulkan bahwa ke dua kelas Lo< Ltabel. Maka sampel berdistribusi normal. Pengujian homogenitas dilakukan dengan uji Fisher didapatkan Fhitung 1,50 dan Ftabel 1,87 pada taraf signifikansi 0,05, karena Fhitung ≤ Ftabel sehingga dapat disimpulkan bahwa kedua kelas tersebut adalah homogen. Hasil penelitian ini menunjukan bahwa terdapat pengaruh penggunaan media gambar berseri terhadap keterampilan menulis deskripsi siswa SMP Negeri 24 Jakarta Timur. Pada kelas yang dikenakan perlakuan media gambar berseri, diperoleh nilai rata-rata sebesar 83, sedangkan pada kelas yang tidak diberikan perlakuan media gambar berseri diperoleh nilai rata-rata sebesar 76,9. Data yang telah diperoleh kemudian dianalisis, menunjukan koefisien thitung 2,99 dan koefisien ttabel untuk jumlah 60 peserta didik sebesar 2,002. Karena thitung> ttabel maka Ho ditolak dan Hi diterima. Dengan demikian dapat disimpulkan bahwa keterampilan menulis deskripsi di kelas yang menggunakan media gambar berseri lebih baik daripada keterampilan menulis deskripsi tanpa menggunakan media gambar berseri
Sumber Konflik Pemberontakan DI/TII di Aceh dalam Novel Napoleon dari Tanah Rencong Karya Akmal Nasery Basral
Authors: Abimubarok Achmad , Hikmat Ade , Gusti Yanti Prima
Published: May 2022

Perjuangan rakyat Aceh untuk mendapatkan keistimewaan otonomi daerah telah dinovelisasi oleh Akmal Nasery Basral melalui novel Napoleon dari Tanah Rencong. Perjuangan tersebut banyak menimbulkan konflik sehingga peneliti melakukan peninjauan sumber konflik pada novel tersebut. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis sumber konflik atas segala permasalahan yang terdapat dalam novel ini. Metode yang digunakan adalah penelitian kualitatif dengan menggunakan pendekatan strukturalisme genetik. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa sumber konflik terdiri atas internal dan eksternal. Keterbatasan sumber daya dan perbedaan persepsi menjadi sumber konflik internal pihak DI/TII Aceh. Sumber konflik ini berdampak pada strategi dan arah perjuangan DI/TII Aceh hingga perjuangan pecah menjadi dua kubu antara kubu Hasan Saleh dengan kubu Daud Beureueh. Regulasi dan kebijakan pemerintah menjadi sumber konflik eksternal atas hadirnya DI/TII di Aceh sehingga memantik peperangan antara tentara Indonesia dengan DI/TII Aceh. Dalam novel ini, pengarang terlihat mendukung pemberontakan DI/TII di Aceh untuk menuntut Aceh menjadi provinsi daerah istimewa. Pengarang selalu memperlihatkan kesetujuannya terhadap saran-saran, argumen-argumen, atau tindakan-tindakan yang dilakukan oleh Hasan Saleh sebagai tokoh utama. Kesetujuan pengarang itu juga terlihat saat menyampaikan keheranan Hasan Saleh kepada masyarakat yang tetap ingin adanya pemberontakan untuk mendirikan negara Aceh.
Aspek Gramatikal dan Leksikal pada Lirik Lagu Jaga Slalu Hatimu Karya Grup Band Seventeen
Authors: Putri Putri Nurmala Sari , Goziyah Goziyah
Published: May 2022

Abstrak

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mendeskripsikan (1) bagaimana bentuk kohesi gramatikal pada lirik lagu “Jaga Slalu Hatimu” karya Group Band Seventeen, dan (2) kohesi leksikal pada lirik lagu “Jaga Slalu Hatimu” karya Group Band Seventeen. Metode penelitian menggunakan penelitian deskriptif kualitatif. Teknik pengumpulan data menggunakan teknik dokumentasi dengan mengunduh lagu Jaga Selalu Hatimu karya Grup Band Seventeen. Hasil dan pembahasan menemukan adanya aspek gramatikal yang ditemukan berupa pengacuan (Referensi) dengan ditemukan kata aku dan kau, pelepasan (Elipsis) dengan ditemukan kata setiap, dan konjungsi (Perangkaian) dengan ditemukan kata dan. Aspek leksikal yang ditemukan adalah repetisi (Pengulangan) dengan ditemukan kata kau mampu dan kau bisa, dan sinonimi (Padanan Kata) dengan ditemukan kata mampu, bisa, mencintaimu, dan menyayangimu. Berdasarkan hasil penelitian ini, ditemukan aspek gramatikal dan aspek leksikal dalam lirik lagu Jaga Selalu Hatimu yang dinyanyikan oleh Grup Band Seventeen yang menghadirkan makna yang mendalam tentang perjalanan kisah cinta seseorang yang penuh kesetiaan akan rasa cinta kepada seseorang yang disayanginya. Aspek gramatikal dan aspek leksikal saling membangun sehingga lagu Jaga Slalu Hatimu menjadi lagu yang berkesan bagi para pendengarnya.

Kata Kunci : aspek gramatikal; aspek leksikal; lirik lagu;
De mis raíces
Authors: García de Enterría y Martínez-Carande Eduardo , Martín Rebollo Luis
Published: May 2022

El presente volumen es una recopilación de textos del Prof. Eduardo García de Enterría (1923-2013), reconocido unánimemente como uno de los grandes juristas europeos del siglo XX. Lebaniego ejerciente, era también, entre otros muchos títulos que se destacan en el Estudio Preliminar, Hijo Predilecto de Cantabria y Dr. honoris causa por la Universidad de su tierra. El libro empieza con un Estudio Presentación sobre la vida y el significado intelectual de la obra de García de Enterría a cargo del Prof. L. Martín Rebollo, que ha seleccionado seis trabajos divulgativos de carácter jurídico, histórico y antropológico fácilmente accesibles y representativos de la faceta intelectual y humana de su autor.
A new emergency risk evaluation approach during the COVID-19 pandemic
Authors: Chang Kuei-Hu
Published: May 2022

When major emergencies or accidents occur, risk evaluation and
prediction are the most important means to reduce the impact of these
disasters. Typical risk evaluation uses the failure mode and effects
analysis (FMEA) method for failure risk ranking and control. However,
when faced with severe special infectious diseases such as COVID-19,
there will be many cognitive and information uncertainties that the FMEA
method is unable to effectively handle. To effectively deal with the
issue of risk evaluation during the COVID‐19 pandemic, this paper
integrated the risk priority number and spherical fuzzy sets methods to
propose a novel emergency risk evaluation method. In the numerical
verification, this paper applied the example of avoiding secondary
COVID-19 transmissions in the hospital to explain the calculation
procedure and validity of the proposed new emergency risk evaluation
approach. The calculation results were also compared with the typical
RPN, fuzzy set, and intuitionistic fuzzy set methods. The calculation
results showed that the proposed new emergency risk evaluation approach
could effectively handle the cognitive and information uncertainties of
emergency risk evaluation issues during the COVID-19 pandemic.
Numerical investigation of Magnetic Pulse Welding of D9 Steel Tube to SS316LN End Plug using Lagrangian Finite Element and Smoothed Particle Hydrodynamics (SPH) and its Experimental Validation
Authors: Kulkarni M. R. , Kumar Deepak , Nandy Arup , Kolge Tanmay , Kore Sachin D. , Bakhtsingh R. I.
Published: May 2022

Conventional mesh-based numerical methodologies cannot accurately
simulate high-speed impact welding due to extreme distortion of mesh
distortion. Therefore, a smoothed particle hydrodynamics (SPH) based
methodology is implemented to study the welding morphology and jetting
phenomenon during magnetic pulse welding (MPW) of D9 clad tubes and end
plugs of SS 316LN using magnetic pulse welding (MPW) after carrying out
electromagnetic and structural deformation analysis using Lagrangian
Finite element method. Different experimental parameters like taper
angle, taper length, stand-off distance and discharge energies are
varied to minimise leak-tightness. Discharge voltage of 17 kV and 18 kV
and taper angle of 8 degrees is observed to be best suited during the
experiment. Simulation results are validated with experimental
observations. Furthermore, the joints are tested with the help of
various non-destructive and destructive techniques. Uniformity at the
joint interface is established by X-ray computer tomography. Moreover,
the hydraulic pressure burst test shows failure in the unwelded region
at the burst pressure of 105 MPa. Therefore, the current work discusses
the applicability of the MPW technique as an alternative method to
create a D9 tube to SS 316 LN end plug for a fast breeder reactor and
the SPH technique on successfully reproducing experimentally observed
interface morphology.
Leveraging circadian rhythms to study host-gut microbe interactions in wildlife
Authors: Schmid Dominik W. , Capilla-Lasheras Pablo , Dominoni Davide M. , Müller-Klein Nadine , Sommer Simone , Risely Alice
Published: May 2022

Daily light-dark cycles shape the activity patterns and physiology of
nearly all organisms. Many biological processes undergo circadian
rhythms, yet rhythms in immunity and metabolism are particularly
important for the maintenance of biological homeostasis. Recent evidence
that food intake and the gut bacterial microbiota synchronise
system-wide circadian rhythms spanning immunity, metabolism, and
behaviour point towards gut microbial oscillations being a crucial
component of microbiome function. Findings from model systems suggest
that gut microbial oscillations are likely widespread across species and
pivotal for shaping immune and metabolic responses, yet their prevalence
and functional significance are rarely tested in natural populations.
Here we summarize results from experimental studies on how circadian
interactions between the gut microbiota and the host act to synchronise
rhythms in host metabolism and immunity. We outline how these circadian
interactions are likely to mediate diverse biological processes,
including host pathogen susceptibility and seasonal switches in
metabolism, and discuss how the breakdown of these interactions, for
example during senescence and urbanisation, can lead to dysbiosis and
declines in health. Lastly, we provide practical guidelines for the
measurement of microbial oscillations in wildlife, highlighting that
whilst wild animals are rarely available over a 24-hour period,
characterising even parts of the cycle can be informative. Light-dark
cycles are an almost universal environmental cue that provide a rare
opportunity to generalise gut microbial responses across species, yet to
fully appreciate their ecological relevance an understanding of how
microbial rhythms manifest in wildlife is essential.
Computational resources for simulating under a spatial coalescent model across heterogeneous landscapes and testing hypotheses about the geography of genetic variation: QUETZAL-EGGS, -CRUMBS, -NEST and DECRYPT
Authors: Becheler Arnaud , Knowles L. Lacey
Published: May 2022

Spatially explicit coalescent models in which the underlying demographic
parameters are informed by the environment (either past, present, or
temporally and spatially changing environments) provide a framework for
hypothesis testing that incorporates geographic information about
genetically sampled individuals. This general approach - Integrated
Distributional, Demographic and Coalescent (iDDC) modelling - can be
used to explain how heterogeneous, dynamic landscapes shape the history
and genetic patterns of a species. However, iDDC approaches involve long
and complex tasks that often require custom-fit simulators, some coding
expertise, and extensive computing resources. Here we introduce several
resources that offer improved speed and generality, as well as expand
the feasible parameter space for conducting iDDC analyses compared to
other software applications. Specifically, QUETZAL-EGGS are C++ iDDC
simulators; QUETZAL-CRUMBS is a complementary set of Python tools for
simulating on specific landscapes and conducting Approximate Bayesian
Computation (ABC) analyses (e.g., prior sampling, geospatial operations,
ENM/SDM, visualization); DECRYPT is a framework for automated,
biology-informed robustness analysis of the multispecies coalescent
model. All these tools and their dependencies for local use or remote
computations are made readily available in a Docker container package
called QUETZAL-NEST.
A machine learning approach for learning temporal point process
Authors: Petrovic Andrija , Bisercic Aleksa , Delibasic Boris , Milenkovic Dimitrije
Published: May 2022

Despite a vast application of temporal point processes in infectious disease diffusion forecasting, ecommerce, traffic prediction, preventive maintenance, etc, there is no significant development in improving the simulation and prediction of temporal point processes in real-world environments. With this problem at hand, we propose a novel methodology for learning temporal point processes based on one-dimensional numerical integration techniques. These techniques are used for linearising the negative maximum likelihood (neML) function and enabling backpropagation of the neML derivatives. Our approach is tested on two real-life datasets. Firstly, on high frequency point process data, (prediction of highway traffic) and secondly, on a very low frequency point processes dataset, (prediction of ski injuries in ski resorts). Four different point process baseline models were compared: second-order Polynomial inhomogeneous process, Hawkes process with exponential kernel, Gaussian process, and Poisson process. The results show the ability of the proposed methodology to generalize on different datasets and illustrate how different numerical integration techniques and mathematical models influence the quality of the obtained models. The presented methodology is not limited to these datasets and can be further used to optimize and predict other processes that are based on temporal point processes.
COVID-19 datasets: A brief overview
Authors: Sun Ke , Li Wuyang , Saikrishna Vidya , Chadhar Mehmood , Xia Feng
Published: May 2022

The outbreak of the COVID-19 pandemic affects lives and social-economic development around the world. The affecting of the pandemic has motivated researchers from different domains to find effective solutions to diagnose, prevent, and estimate the pandemic and relieve its adverse effects. Numerous COVID-19 datasets are built from these studies and are available to the public. These datasets can be used for disease diagnosis and case prediction, speeding up solving problems caused by the pandemic. To meet the needs of researchers to understand various COVID-19 datasets, we examine and provide an overview of them. We organise the majority of these datasets into three categories based on the category of applications, i.e., time-series, knowledge base, and media-based datasets. Organising COVID-19 datasets into appropriate categories can help researchers hold their focus on methodology rather than the datasets. In addition, applications and COVID-19 datasets suffer from a series of problems, such as privacy and quality. We discuss these issues as well as potentials of COVID-19 datasets.
Multinationals and wages: Evidence from employer-employee data in Serbia
Authors: Delevic Uros , Kennell James
Published: May 2022

Many studies have reported that foreign-owned companies pay higher wages on
average than domestic companies. However, this can be attributed to the
different composition of the workforce or to a wage premium at the
individual worker level. This paper contributes to this literature by
observing whether individuals that change their job from a domestic to a
foreign- owned company experience a change in their wages. Furthermore, it
investigates whether this difference in wage patterns is moderated by
workers? education. This paper is one of the very few micro-econometric
studies that deal with this question in a transition country, Serbia, using
employer- employee data on the private sector over a long time period (15
years). Changing jobs is found to be positively associated with workers?
wages: the change in wages is higher when moving from a domestic to a
foreign company than vice versa. The evidence suggests that more-educated
workers benefit the most from leaving domestic companies.