bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Gravity Differentiation and Magmatic Re-emplacement of Podiform Chromite Deposits
Authors: Thayer T. P.
Published: May 2021

Relict cumulate features preserved in podiform chromite deposits include some textures found in stratiform complexes and, in addition, nodular and orbicular textures. Nodules of chromite are shown to have grown while freely suspended in magma, either by crystallization of chromite alone, or of chromite plus plagioclase and/or olivine in varying proportions. Some chromite nodules have the external form of crystals, but internally all are aggregates of grains or crystals in random orientation. Regardless of form, the nodules constitute packed structures like piles of marbles. In most podiform deposits the relict textures have been modified or destroyed by flowage at magmatic temperatures; extreme deformation produces gneissic silicate rocks and schlieren-banded disseminated chromitites.

The podiform chromitites are believed to have formed as layers in supercomplexes analogous to those known to have produced stratiform type chromitite, by gravitational differentiation of fluid magma in the upper part of the mantle. The chromite of podiform deposits is characterized by high MgO: FeO ratio and reciprocal variation in Cr2O3 and A12O3; primary variation in total Fe content is much smaller than in the stratiform deposits.

The layered differentiates appear to have been re-emplaced into the crust as hot crystal mushes. During re-emplacement chromite was solid and relatively rigid compared to olivine, pyroxene, and plagioclase which, although also solid, yielded more or less plastically by crushing and recrystallization. However, some interstitial magma able to form dilation dikes was present.

Random distribution of gabbro and peridotite in many alpine complexes and erratic compositional variation of chromite in neighboring deposits indicate mixing of the various differentiates during re-emplacement. A few masses of feldspathic chromitite found in feldspar-free peridotite are attributed to sinking of broken-up dense layers of chromitite (sp. gr. 3.8–4.2) from troctolitic into peridotitic crystal mushes (sp. gr. 2.8–3.2) during intrusion. To produce the thicknesses of massive chromitite and volumes of dunite and olivine-rich peridotite in alpine complexes requires very large volumes of magma, or primary magma more mafic than tholeiite, and differentiation trends very different from those of known stratiform complexes.
Phase Relations in the Cu-Fe-S, Cu-Ni-S, and Fe-Ni-S Systems
Authors: Kullerud G. , Yund R. A. , Moh G. H.
Published: May 2021

The phase relations in the Cu-Fe-S, Fe-Ni-S, and Cu-Ni-S systems were investigated by silica-tube quenching, differential thermal analysis, and high-temperature X-ray powder diffraction experiments. In addition, portions of the Cu-Fe-S and Fe-Ni-S systems were studied by gold-tube quenching and differential thermal analysis experiments under high confining pressures.

At elevated temperatures extensive liquid immiscibility fields span the sulfur-rich region of each of the three systems, whereas homogeneous liquid fields dominate the phase relations in their central portions. The average composition of the Sudbury Cu-Fe-Ni sulfide ore, when projected onto the Cu-Fe-S plane, is accounted for above 860° C by a mixture of copper containing hexagonal pyrrhotite and copper-rich sulfide liquid. Thus at high temperatures a mechanism exists that may be responsible for certain copper-rich segregations observed in this type of ore. The minerals of the Cu-Ni-S system, with the rare exception of millerite, do not occur in Sudbury-type ores. Knowledge of the phase relations in this system is prerequisite, however, for systematic investigations of the complex Cu-Fe-Ni-S system. Applications of the phase relations in the Cu-Fe-S and Fe-Ni-S systems to typical ore assemblages show that extensive reequilibration took place among the sulfides after their initial deposition. The sulfides in Sudbury-type ores commonly have compositions and crystal structures that can be produced in the laboratory only at low temperatures.
Opioid prescription patterns among urologists as compiled from within Medicare
Authors: Callegari Michael , Jella Tarun , Mahran Amr , Alfahmy Anood , Patel Anish , Muncey Wade , Patel Anish , Loeb Aram , Thirumavalavan Nannan
Published: May 2021

Introduction: We aimed to evaluate opioid prescribing patterns of urologists across the United States (U.S.) and the District of Columbia (D.C.) using publicly available data from Medicare Part D. Our secondary analysis was to identify any loco-regional trends that may exist within the U.S.

Methods: We queried publicly reported information from the Part D Prescriber database, which is compiled from beneficiaries enrolled within the Medicare Part D prescription drug program. Only providers with the specialty description of urologist were included within this study.

Results: Between 2013 and 2017, a five-year average of 452 901 opioid claims by 9640 urologists — amounting to $5 357 114 (USD) and comprising 3.78% of all claims made — were identified. The state of Maine featured the highest percentage of opioid claims in relation to all claims (5.81%). West Virginia had the greatest average total opioid claims per provider (90), while Michigan featured the highest average proportion of opioid claims per provider (10.63%). The fewest opioid claims were processed within the Mid-Atlantic and New England regions.

Conclusions: A multitude of factors likely contributes to variability between states. Urologists should be increasingly aware of their individual prescription tendencies and use available drug monitoring programs in order to reduce unnecessary prescriptions, all while providing more targeted and appropriate pain management.
Impact of Social Innovation on Innovation and Business Growth in Mexico
Authors: Riaño-Castillo Angie-Lorena , Guzman Gonzalo Maldonado , González Ruben Michael Rodriguez , Pinzón Castro Sandra Yesenia
Published: May 2021

The development of social innovation activities is a relatively recent topic in the innovation literature, and is increasingly gaining the attention of researchers, academics, and industry professionals. However, little has been written about the relationship between social innovation, service innovation activities and the level of growth of service companies, so this research aims to fill this gap in the literature to through an extensive review of the literature. Likewise, a self-administered questionnaire was distributed to a sample of 300 service companies in Mexico, analyzing the data set through confirmatory factor analysis and structural equation models.
Recent developments in the diagnosis and treatment of extrapulmonary non-tuberculous mycobacterial diseases
Authors: Gopalaswamy R. , Subbian S. , Shanmugam S. , Mondal R. , Padmapriyadarsini C.
Published: May 2021

Diseases due to pathogenic mycobacteria cause significant health and economic impact on humans worldwide. Although mycobacterial diseases primarily affect the lungs, the involvement of extrapulmonary organs has also gained ground, particularly among individuals with co‐existing
medical conditions. Besides Mycobacterium tuberculosis complex organisms, non‐tuberculous mycobacteria (NTM) are also known to cause pulmonary and extrapulmonary diseases. Primary and disseminated extrapulmonary mycobacterial infections affect the brain, eye, mouth, tongue, lymph
nodes of the neck, spine, bones, muscles, skin, pleura, pericardium, gastro‐intestinal, peritoneum and genito‐urinary system. The clinical presentation of extrapulmonary mycobacterial diseases, including systemic symptoms, of M. tuberculosis‐infected cases and NTM‐infected
cases is similar. Moreover, extrapulmonary mycobacterial diseases are complicated by the involvement of diverse bacterial species as aetiological agents. Culture and molecular techniques are used to differentiate NTM from Mycobacterium tuberculosis and to classify sub‐species
of the pathogens. As sub‐speciation and drug susceptibility profiling are critical factors in treating extrapulmonary NTM diseases, there are often significant delays in initiating treatment and customising the therapeutic regimen. Here, we summarise the clinical symptoms of NTM diseases
in various extrapulmonary organs, and discuss the recent trends in diagnosing and treating these diseases. We also highlight the complications associated with the management of extrapulmonary NTM disease.
Nexo entre água, energia e alimento no contexto das mudanças do clima: o caso do Nordeste brasileiro
Authors: Souza Matilde de , Versieux Bernardo Hoffman
Published: May 2021

Este artigo analisa ações do governo brasileiro para a segurança hídrica, energética e alimentar para discutir se expressam o nexo entre água, energia e alimento, WEF, considerando as políticas que as fundamentam. São observados desafios de adaptação impostos pelas mudanças do clima, sendo a água o elemento chave. Usando técnicas de análise documental, são analisados o Plano Nacional de Mudanças Climáticas e relatórios de ações governamentais na Região Nordeste. A pergunta da pesquisa é se programas para implementação de políticas voltadas para os eixos do nexo WEF expressam inter-relações entre eles. A hipótese é que os programas deixam a desejar quanto à governança ambiental a partir da perspectiva do nexo WEF porque as políticas se desenvolveram a partir de abordagem setorial e os programas de implantação não a debelaram, observando-se lacunas que, caso superadas, poderiam contribuir para que se avance na direção da governança integrada e sistêmica.
Relation between Student Mental Health and Academic Achievement Revisited: A Meta-Analysis
Authors: Bas Gokhan
Published: May 2021

In the present research, the relationship between mental health and academic achievement in adolescents was investigated. The research adopted meta-analysis model to investigate the relationship between these two phenomena. In the meta-analysis, 13 independent studies were included, and their data were combined to display effect sizes. According to the result of the research, it was indicated that there was a positive relationship between mental health and academic achievement. Also, it was revealed that there was no significant relationship within sub-group variation in the relationship between mental health and academic achievement in terms of year of publication, publication type, community, and sample size, but not the setting.
Treating ITP: What are the options in the era of new guidelines and new drugs?
Authors: Pantić Nikola , Suvajdžić-Vuković Nada
Published: May 2021

Primary immune thrombocytopenia (ITP) is an autoimmune disease characterized by isolated thrombocytopenia. Treating ITP may be challenging since different treatment modalities are available. While choosing the suitable option for every patient, a physician should take into account both patient's medical characteristics and wishes. The first line treatment options include: corticosteroids, intravenous immunoglobulins and intravenous anti-D immunoglobulin. Second line treatment options comprise medical (thrombopoietin receptor agonists, rituximab, fostamatinib, azathioprine, cyclophosphamide, cyclosporin A, hydroxychloroquine, mycophenolate mofetil, danazol, dapsone, vinca-alcaloids) and surgical (splenectomy) approach. However, there are some treatment gaps which remain uncovered with existing treatment modalities. Therefore, development of novel therapeutic strategies is required. The aim of this review is to provide an illustrative overview of novel treatments for adult ITP.
Clinical significance of TP53 aberrations and IGHV mutational status in chronic lymphocytic leukemia
Authors: Tomić Kristina , Karan-Đurašević Teodora , Vuković Vojin , Mihaljević Biljana , Antić Darko
Published: May 2021

Chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL) is a very heterogeneous disease with a variable clinical course. On the one side of the spectrum, there are patients with aggressive and resistant disease, of which they die only a few months after diagnosis while, on the other side, there are patients with an indolent, slowly progressive disease that does not require treatment for decades. The reasons for this are only partially known, but they have been the subject of numerous scientific studies during the last several decades. Consequently, the concept of prognostic and predictive factors in CLL have emerged, which aims to predict the clinical course and its therapeutic outcome. With the improvement of understanding the pathophysiology of this disease, the lists of prognostic and predictive factors are getting longer every year, but they also overlap. In this review, we singled out the aberrations of the TP53 gene and the IGHV (immunoglobulin heavy variable) gene mutational status as the two most important and most studied factors that have both prognostic and predictive significance.
Understanding work-life conflict and its implications
Authors: Žnidaršič Jasmina , Marič Miha
Published: May 2021

The present time is characterized by high level of competitiveness on the market, the rise of modern information technology, the demands for constant readiness of employees, and long working hours. One of the substantial demographic transformations involves the aging of the workforce. Numerous authors have demonstrated the link between gender and work-life conflict, but only a few researchers have examined how workers experience and manage conflict between their work and home lives across the lifespan. The current study aimed to bridge this gap and examined work-life conflict for individuals aged 30 to 72, focusing on how work-life conflict changes with age. The results show curvilinearity between age in years and work-life conflict. The negative value of the quadratic value coefficient shows a downward concave curve, which confirms curvilinearity and can be interpreted as: the older one is, the less work-life conflict is present - the drop begins after 51 years of age. The results of this study give better insights into the age effect on work-life conflict among higher education lecturers. The implications are foremost for the policymakers, higher education lecturers themselves, and work-life conflict researchers. Results of this study can be used both for further research and in practice. The broad scientific and professional interest in the constructs relating to work-life conflict is growing as global competition increases rapidly, and management expresses the need for such research; work-life conflict plays a remarkable role in the sustainability of organizations through their employees.
Time Domain Simulation of a Yacht Sailing Upwind in Waves
Authors: Harris D. H.
Published: May 2021

A time domain maneuvering simulation of an IACC class yacht suitable for the analysis of unsteady upwind sailing and tacking is presented. The simulation code (RODAN) considers motions in six degrees of freedom. The hydrodynamic and aerodynamic loads are calculated primarily with unsteady potential theory supplemented by empirical models. The hydrodynamic model includes the effects of incident waves. Control of the rudder is provided by a simple feedback autopilot which is tuned to mimic human steering.

The hydrodynamic models are based on the superposition of force components. The components fall into two groups, those which the yacht will experience in calm water, and those due to incident waves. The calm water loads include double body maneuvering loads hydrostatic loads, free surface radiation loads, and viscous/residual loads. Incident wave components include Froude-Krylov and diffraction loads.

The double body maneuvering loads are calculated with an unsteady panel code which treats the instantaneous geometry of the yacht below the undisturbed free surface.

The Groude-Krylov pressures are integrated over the surface defined by the panel code. The free surface radiation loads are calculated via convolution of impulse response functions derived from seakeeping strip theory. The diffraction loads are also derived from strip theory. The viscous are residual loads are based upon empirical estimates.

The aerodynamic models are based on a database of steady state sail coefficients. Dynamic effects are modeled by using the instantaneous incident wind velocity and direction as the independent variables for the sail load contribution of each of several chordwise strips. The sail coefficient database was calculated numerically with potential methods and simple empirical viscous corrections. Additional aerodynamic load calculations are made to determine the parasitic drag of the rig and hull.
A New Velocity Prediction Method for Post-Processing of Towing Tank Test Results
Authors: Graf Kai , Bohm Christoph
Published: May 2021

A velocity prediction program (VPP) has been developed at the UAS Kiel, which implements a new method to model the hydrodynamic forces acting on the hull and appendages of a sailing yacht. Based on linear wing theory the model allows the derivation of a set of hydrodynamic coefficients for the VPP from a limited set of towing tank test runs. This approach makes the new VPP, called AVPP, in particular suitable to serve as a towing tank post-processor. The paper describes AVPP, the hydrodynamic model and the math behind the derivation of hydrodynamic coefficients from tank test results. Two examples are shown: a study of the impact of the ACC V4/V5 rule changes and a comparison of a canting keel and a conventional keel yacht.
"That Peculiar Property:" Model Yachting and the Analysis of Balance
in Sailing Hulls
Authors: Boebert Earl
Published: May 2021

Balance in sailing hulls has been most extensively studied by the designers of free sailing model yachts. This paper describes the nature of free sailing which led to this preoccupation, and then explains the controversial theories of Admiral Turner. The correlation between Turner’s criteria for balance and known balanced and unbalanced designs is shown and procedures given for designing boats to those criteria. The paper concludes with speculation about the relationship between theory and practice in this area and suggests areas for further research.
Comprendre la croissance des nouvelles entreprises : la complexe relation entre capital humain, chômage et motivation
Authors: Vedel Benjamin , Gabarret Inés , Sellami Mohamed , Saidi Sana
Published: May 2021

Les entrepreneurs qui créent suite à une période de chômage sont reconnus pour mettre en place des entreprises de moindre croissance. Néanmoins, ces derniers n’ont pas tous la même expérience initiale et la même motivation pour le développement de leur entreprise. Ceci peut expliquer des variations du niveau de croissance de la nouvelle entreprise créée. L’analyse de plusieurs modérations, au travers d’une base de données de 304 entrepreneurs, apporte de nouvelles connaissances sur la relation complexe entre les caractéristiques de l’individu, la situation de chômage de l’entrepreneur avant la création et la croissance de l’entreprise créée.
Typologie des problèmes éthiques nommés par des employés du réseau québécois de la santé et des services sociaux à l’occasion de séances de groupes de codéveloppement professionnel*
Authors: Farmer Yanick , Bissière Mehlia , Paquet Maxime , Lafranchise Nathalie
Published: May 2021

En matière d’éthique, les organisations optent le plus souvent pour une approche formaliste faisant appel au code d’éthique. L’approche formaliste omet toutefois de prendre en considération le sens que les acteurs d’une organisation donnent à ces normes. Afin de jeter les bases d’une éthique organisationnelle empirique partant du point de vue des acteurs, cette recherche propose une typologie des problèmes éthiques vécus en organisation à partir d’une analyse qualitative des verbatim de rencontres de groupes de codéveloppement professionnel dans le réseau québécois de la santé.
Knowing Music as Representation or as Operation: Exploring Musical Diversity through Collaborative Music Making in Kaleidoscope
Authors: Kvaal Camilla
Published: May 2021

A society considered to be in a multicultural condition is likely to condition the way things are seen and what is seen as important. Attention is likely to be drawn to difference and diversity and the prospects of including it, and high hopes may be set on music in this. Within a certain multicultural discourse, music is expected to affirm and represent identities, while at the same time to create unity across diversity. Departing from a Norwegian context, drawing on results from fieldwork within the intercultural ensemble Kaleidoscope, this paper explores collaborative music making in relation to diversity and knowledge production. It is argued that musical knowledge may be generated in useful ways by thinking beyond music as representation. Knowing music as operation may better benefit co-construction of diverse and inclusive music practices.
Arts for Children, Cultural Diversity and the Production of Difference
Authors: Knudsen Jan Sverre
Published: May 2021

This article investigates policies of cultural diversity and difference in the promotion of arts to school children. Based on historical examples from concert promotion for children in Norway the article examines how cultural difference has been produced and mobilized strategically in efforts aimed at strengthening diversity. It is argued that, on the one hand, constructions of difference play an important part in the development of cultural identity and visibility, while on the other hand, a focus on difference can be a basis for cultural categorizations, and potentially, for the formation of unfortunate stereotypes. The article is informed by debates and discussions on arts for children, with reference to theorizations of difference from anthropology and education studies. Questions raised concern how difference best can be addressed in the shaping of an inclusive, anti-oppressive education.
Encounters with the World through Cultural Schoolbag Workshops for Teacher Students
Authors: Skregelid Lisbet
Published: May 2021

This article raises some questions about encountering the world and subjectivation in art educational practices. Gert Biesta recently criticised the continuing emphasis on expressive and self-centred approaches and pedagogies in art education (2017, 2018). Biesta calls for a world-centred approach to education in general, as well as art education practices that move the focus from oneself to a greater openness towards the world.

In my own art education practice, I attempt to enable this shift from what I see as an emphasis on merely the self to an emphasis on the world—a more sustainable approach to art education. I practise turning students towards the world that explores the possibility for subjectivation: that is, for subjects to come into existence. I frame this teaching strategy as educational dissensus (Skregelid, 2016, 2019a, 2019b, 2020a, 2020b, 2020c).

This article discusses the notion of world-centredness in relation to the initial stages of a pilot study involving teacher students in The Cultural Schoolbag (TCS) workshops. The TCS workshop Teiporama, by the artist Sandra Norrbin, had an explorative character and was oriented towards process rather than focused on developing skills and an artistic object. At first glance, what happened in the workshops might seem like the expressive approach to art education that Biesta criticizes. However, I still believe the workshop revealed something more. This leads me to asking: How can an art practice having the self, the I, as a point of departure at the same time be a world-centred educational practice?
Profiling SLAs for cloud system infrastructures and user interactions
Authors: Cambronero M. Emilia , Bernal Adrián , Valero Valentín , Cañizares Pablo C. , Núñez Alberto
Published: May 2021

Cloud computing has emerged as a cutting-edge technology which is widely used by both private and public institutions, since it eliminates the capital expense of buying, maintaining, and setting up both hardware and software. Clients pay for the services they use, under the so-called Service Level Agreements (SLAs), which are the contracts that establish the terms and costs of the services. In this paper, we propose the CloudCost UML profile, which allows the modeling of cloud architectures and the users’ behavior when they interact with the cloud to request resources. We then investigate how to increase the profits of cloud infrastructures by using price schemes. For this purpose, we distinguish between two types of users in the SLAs: regular and high-priority users. Regular users do not require a continuous service, so they can wait to be attended to. In contrast, high-priority users require a constant and immediate service, so they pay a greater price for their services. In addition, a computer-aided design tool, called MSCC (Modeling SLAs Cost Cloud), has been implemented to support the CloudCost profile, which enables the creation of specific cloud scenarios, as well as their edition and validation. Finally, we present a complete case study to illustrate the applicability of the CloudCost profile, thus making it possible to draw conclusions about how to increase the profits of the cloud infrastructures studied by adjusting the different cloud parameters and the resource configuration.
A novel no-sensors 3D model reconstruction from monocular video frames for a dynamic environment
Authors: Fathy Ghada M. , Hassan Hanan A. , Sheta Walaa , Omara Fatma A. , Nabil Emad
Published: May 2021

Occlusion awareness is one of the most challenging problems in several fields such as multimedia, remote sensing, computer vision, and computer graphics. Realistic interaction applications are suffering from dealing with occlusion and collision problems in a dynamic environment. Creating dense 3D reconstruction methods is the best solution to solve this issue. However, these methods have poor performance in practical applications due to the absence of accurate depth, camera pose, and object motion.This paper proposes a new framework that builds a full 3D model reconstruction that overcomes the occlusion problem in a complex dynamic scene without using sensors’ data. Popular devices such as a monocular camera are used to generate a suitable model for video streaming applications. The main objective is to create a smooth and accurate 3D point-cloud for a dynamic environment using cumulative information of a sequence of RGB video frames. The framework is composed of two main phases. The first uses an unsupervised learning technique to predict scene depth, camera pose, and objects’ motion from RGB monocular videos. The second generates a frame-wise point cloud fusion to reconstruct a 3D model based on a video frame sequence. Several evaluation metrics are measured: Localization error, RMSE, and fitness between ground truth (KITTI’s sparse LiDAR points) and predicted point-cloud. Moreover, we compared the framework with different widely used state-of-the-art evaluation methods such as MRE and Chamfer Distance. Experimental results showed that the proposed framework surpassed the other methods and proved to be a powerful candidate in 3D model reconstruction.
Differentially expressed genes, lncRNAs, and competing endogenous RNAs in Kawasaki disease
Authors: Guo Changsheng , Hua Yuanqing , Qian Zuanhao
Published: May 2021

Background

Kawasaki disease (KD) is an acute and febrile systemic vasculitis of unknown etiology. This study aimed to identify the competing endogenous RNA (ceRNA) networks of lncRNAs, miRNAs, and genes in KD and explore the molecular mechanisms underlying KD.

Methods

GSE68004andGSE73464datasets were downloaded from the Gene Expression Omnibus. Differentially expressed lncRNAs (DElncRNAs) and genes (DEGs) in KD were identified using the criteria ofp < 0.05 and | log2(fold change) | ≥ 1. MicroRNAs (miRNAs) related to KD were searched from databases. The lncRNA-miRNA-mRNA networks involving the DElncRNAs and DEGs were constructed.

Results

A total of 769 common upregulated, 406 common downregulated DEGs, and six DElncRNAs were identified in the KD samples. The lncRNA-miRNA-mRNA network consisted of four miRNAs, three lncRNAs (including the upregulatedPSORS1C3,LINC00999, and the downregulatedSNHG5) and four DEGs (including the downregulatedGATA3and the upregulatedSOD2,MAPK14, andPPARG). Validation in theGSE18606dataset showed that intravenous immunoglobulin treatment significantly alleviated the deregulated profiles of the above RNAs in KD patients. Three ceRNA networks ofLINC00999-hsa-miR-6780-SOD2,PSORS1C3-hsa-miR-216a-PPARG/MAPK14, andSNHG5-hsa-miR-132/hsa-miR-92-GATA3were identified. Four genes were associated with functional categories, such as inflammatory response and vascular endothelial cell.

Conclusions

The ceRNA networks involve genes, such asSOD2,MAPK14, andPPARG, and lncRNAs, includingPSORS1C3,LINC00999, andSNHG5, which might play a key role in the pathogenesis and development of KD by regulating inflammation.
Genome-wide identification of the Tubby-Like Protein (TLPs) family in medicinal model plant Salvia miltiorrhiza
Authors: Wang Kai , Cheng Yating , Yi Li , He Hailang , Zhan Shaofeng , Yang Peng
Published: May 2021

Tubby-Like Proteins (TLPs) are important transcription factors with many functions and are found in both animals and plants. In plants, TLPs are thought to be involved in the abiotic stress response. To reveal the potential function of TLPs in the medicinal model plant Salvia miltiorrhiza, we identified 12 S. miltiorrhiza TLPs (SmTLPs) and conducted a comprehensive analysis. We examined SmTLP gene structure, protein structure, phylogenetics, and expression analysis. Our results show that all SmTLPs, except SmTLP11, have a complete typical Tub domain. Promoter analysis revealed that most SmTLPs are involved in hormone and abiotic stress responses. Expression analysis revealed that the 12 SmTLPs could be divided into three categories: those specifically expressed in roots, those specifically expressed in stems, and those specifically expressed in leaves. Additional studies have shown that SmTLP10 may play an important role in the plant cold resistance, while SmTLP12 may be involved in the S. miltiorrhiza ABA metabolic pathway. Our study represents the first comprehensive investigation of TLPs in S. miltiorrhiza. These data may provide useful clues for future studies and may support the hypotheses regarding the role of TLPs in plant abiotic stress process. All in all, we may provide a reference for improving S. miltiorrhiza quality using genetic engineering technology.
Analysis of multi-omics differences in left-side and right-side colon cancer
Authors: Huang Yanyi , Duanmu Jinzhong , Liu Yushu , Yan Mengyun , Li Taiyuan , Jiang Qunguang
Published: May 2021

Background

Colon cancer is one of the most common tumors in the digestive tract. Studies of left-side colon cancer (LCC) and right-side colon cancer (RCC) show that these two subtypes have different prognoses, outcomes, and clinical responses to chemotherapy. Therefore, a better understanding of the importance of the clinical classifications of the anatomic subtypes of colon cancer is needed.

Methods

We collected colon cancer patients’ transcriptome data, clinical information, and somatic mutation data from the Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) database portal. The transcriptome data were taken from 390 colon cancer patients (172 LCC samples and 218 RCC samples); the somatic mutation data included 142 LCC samples and 187 RCC samples. We compared the expression and prognostic differences of LCC and RCC by conducting a multi-omics analysis of each using the clinical characteristics, immune microenvironment, transcriptomic differences, and mutation differences. The prognostic signatures was validated using the internal testing set, complete set, and external testing set (GSE39582). We also verified the independent prognostic value of the signature.

Results

The results of our clinical characteristic analysis showed that RCC had a significantly worse prognosis than LCC. The analysis of the immune microenvironment showed that immune infiltration was more common in RCC than LCC. The results of differential gene analysis showed that there were 360 differentially expressed genes, with 142 upregulated genes in LCC and 218 upregulated genes in RCC. The mutation frequency of RCC was generally higher than that of LCC. BRAF and KRAS gene mutations were the dominant genes mutations in RCC, and they had a strong mutual exclusion with APC, while APC gene mutation was the dominant gene mutation in LCC. This suggests that the molecular mechanisms of RCC and LCC differed. The 4-mRNA and 6-mRNA in the prognostic signatures of LCC and RCC, respectively, were highly predictive and may be used as independent prognostic factors.

Conclusion

The clinical classification of the anatomic subtypes of colon cancer is of great significance for early diagnosis and prognostic risk assessment. Our study provides directions for individualized treatment of left and right colon cancer.
Revealing the Sudden Alternation in Pt@h‐BN Nanoreactors for Nearly 100% CO2‐to‐CH4 Photoreduction
Authors: Bi Wei , Hu Yanjie , Jiang Hao , Zhang Ling , Li Chunzhong
Published: May 2021

How to develop an efficient photocatalyst with high activity and high selectivity is the biggest challenge limiting the application of photocatalysis. A reasonable design of the nanoreactor model is an effective strategy. Herein, a series of Pt nanoparticles coated with hexagonal boron nitride (Pt@h‐BN) nanoreactors highly dispersed on a photochemically inert carrier, Al2O3 substrate, are synthesized. The results show that as the number of h‐BN coating layers increases, the selectivity of photocatalysis is altered from nearly 100% CO2‐to‐CO to nearly 100% CO2‐to‐CH4, and the optimized space‐time yield of CH4 is up to 184.7 μmol g(Pt)−1 h−1 with three‐layer coating. The in situ characterizations reveal the cleavage of the CO on Pt to be the rate determining step and the existence of the key intermediate CO2− species on the surface of Pt@h‐BN facilitates CH4 formation. Notably, combined with detailed simulation calculations, this work reveals that the confinement effect in Pt@h‐BN attributes the electrons mobility behavior and alleviate the interaction of COPt. What is more, the change of the reaction site is the essence for the sudden alternation. This work will bring a new insight to the selective catalysis of noble metals in the gas‐solid phase.
Comparative transcriptome analysis of Rosa chinensis ‘Old Blush’ provides insights into the crucial factors and signaling pathways in salt stress response
Authors: Bao Ying , Chen Chao , Fu Ling , Chen Yuqing
Published: May 2021

The growth, development, and quality production of Rosa hybrida L. are the core issues for being able to have good yields. Inadequate information on genetic background and resistance has hindered the ability to continue improving flower quality, and most cultivars continue to have lower‐than‐desired levels of resistance. Therefore, this study sequenced the transcription group of the R. chinensis Jacq. ‘Old Blush’ under high salt stress. Transcription group sequencing was carried out on root and leaf materials at different points in time (0, 2, 24, and 48 h) under a high salt stress condition of NaHCO3. The monthly salt stress recorded within 48‐h Ca2+ sensors was mainly calmodulin and calcium‐binding protein. The kinase 5 (RC2G0184500) began to show significant increase from 24‐ and 48‐h process time, respectively, within the leaf blades and the root. There was an increase of superoxide dismutase and L‐ascorbate peroxidase from the 2‐ and 48‐h processing times, respectively. Within the blades, MYB4, MYB41, MYB44, MYB20, MYB62, and MYB14 had a log2Foldchange of >4. ERF109 had a log2Foldchange of 7. NAC‐like transcription factors had more differential genes in the root than in the leaves, with a log2Foldchange of NAC67, NAC52, NAC16, and NAC2 of >4. The plant hormone signal transduction‐related genes involved were abscisic acid, growth hormone, ethylene, erythromycin, jasmine acid, salbonate, and cell division. The EIN4 and EIN3 were only raised in the leaf and the serine/threonine‐protein kinase CTR1 was raised in the root, whereas the ethylene pathway was mainly in the leaves. Auxin‐responsive protein SAUR72 and SAUR50 were raised in the leaves and the other auxin‐responsive protein and SAUR expression in the root were low. The IAA2 was revised upward in the leaf and the IAA11 was revised upward in the root, whereas the rest were revised downward. In conclusion, the study revealed several genes and hormones that are key in salt stress response.
Photosynthetic organs contributions to grain yield genetic gains in Chilean winter wheat
Authors: Elazab Abdelhalim , Moraga Felipe , del Pozo Alejandro
Published: May 2021

Investigating the key traits associated with genetic gains in grain yield (GY) is essential for developing winter wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) breeding strategies. The study objectives were: (a) quantifying the photosynthetic contribution of flag leaf and ear to the grain filling; (b) analyzing if their contributions are associated with the genetic gains in GY; and (c) analyzing their relationship with other agronomical and physiological traits. Thus, six winter wheat genotypes of different release years were grown under optimal conditions in a greenhouse trial during 2019. Grain yield increased by 126 kg h–1 yr–1, with the harvest index's change being the key factor affecting these gains. Compared to the control treatment, ear shading decreased ear contribution to grain filling by 16.35%, while both flag leaf and awn removal increased contribution to grain filling by 4.46 and 5.90%, respectively. Ear photosynthetic contribution estimated by source manipulation treatments showed a significant increase with the release year (0.54% yr–1). Whole ear gas exchange measures correlated positively with GY, and both dark respiration and gross photosynthesis showed positive correlations with the release year. The main findings of the study were: (a) GY gains in Chile were mainly due to the increased harvest index (HI), while the aerial biomass (AB) did not play a significant role in these gains; (b) the increased ear size besides the terminal heat stress during the study highlighted the ear role as the primary photosynthetic contributor to grain filling; and (c) using source manipulation techniques as an indirect selection trait for high ear photosynthesis appeared to be promising.
Impact of renal function on residual platelet reactivity and clinical outcomes in patients with acute coronary syndrome treated with clopidogrel
Authors: Li Qing , Chen Yinong , Liu Ying , Yu Luyao , Zheng Jingang , Sun Yihong
Published: May 2021

Background

Chronic kidney disease (CKD) is a common comorbidity in patients with acute coronary syndrome (ACS) and may potentially influence platelet function.

Hypothesis

We explored the influence of renal function on platelet reactivity to investigate whether high residual platelet reactivity (HRPR) is associated with cardiovascular events.

Methods

ACS patients treated with aspirin and clopidogrel were prospectively enrolled. Patients were categorized into two groups on the basis of baseline estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR): non‐CKD (eGFR ≥60 mL/min/1.73 m2) and CKD (eGFR <60 mL/min/1.73 m2). Platelet function was measured by thromboelastography ≥5 days after maintenance dual antiplatelet therapy. Major adverse clinical events (MACEs) were collected at 1 year after discharge.

Results

There were 282 non‐CKD patients and 212 CKD patients. A significant difference in median MAADP value was observed between the two groups (15.0 mm vs. 31.3 mm, p < .001). HRPR was more prevalent in the CKD group than the non‐CKD group (27.4% vs 9.6%, p < .001). At 1‐year follow‐up, the incidence of MACEs was significantly higher for those with both CKD and HRPR compared with those with either CKD or HRPR (37.9% vs. 18.5%, p < .001). The relationship between HRPR and MACEs was consistent across CKD strata without evidence of interaction. Adding platelet reactivity to eGFR improved the model with area under the curve increasing from 0.703 to 0.734.

Conclusion

In patients with ACS, the risk of HRPR increased with declining eGFR. Both CKD and HRPR were associated with MACEs at 1‐year follow‐up.
Mapping reward mechanisms by intracerebral self‐stimulation in the rhesus monkey (Macaca mulatta)
Authors: Bowden Douglas M. , German Dwight C.
Published: May 2021

The objective of the study was to identify brain structures that mediate reward as evidenced by positive reinforcing effects of stimuli on behavior. Testing by intracerebral self‐stimulation enabled monkeys to inform whether activation of ~2900 sites in 74 structures of 4 sensorimotor pathways and 4 modulatory loop pathways was positive, negative or neutral. Stimulation was rewarding at 30% of sites, negative at 17%, neutral at 52%. Virtually all (99%) structures yielded some positive or negative sites, suggesting a ubiquitous distribution of pathways transmitting valence information. Mapping of sites to structures with dense versus sparse dopaminergic (DA) or noradrenergic (NA) innervation showed that stimulation of DA‐pathways was rewarding or neutral. Stimulation of NA‐pathways was not rewarding. Stimulation of association areas was generally rewarding; stimulation of purely sensory or motor structures was generally negative. Reward related more to structures' sensorimotor function than to density of DA‐innervation. Stimulation of basal ganglia loop pathways was rewarding except in lateral globus pallidus, an inhibitory structure in the negative feedback loop; stimulation of the cerebellar loop was rewarding in anterior vermis and the spinocerebellar pathway; and stimulation of the hippocampal CA1 loop was rewarding. While most positive sites were in the DA reward system, numerous sites in sparsely DA‐innervated posterior cingulate and parietal cortices may represent a separate reward system. DA‐density represents concentrations of plastic synapses that mediate acquisition of new synaptic connections. DA‐sparse areas may represent innate, genetically programmed reward‐associated pathways. Implications of findings in regard to response habituation and addiction are discussed.
Calculations of the thermophysical properties of low‐temperature Pb plasma at low densities
Authors: Apfelbaum Evgeny M.
Published: May 2021

The pressure, internal energy, and electronic transport coefficients of low‐temperature Pb plasma were calculated at the temperatures 10–100 kK by means of an earlier developed model (E. M. Apfelbaum, Contrib. Plasma Phys. 2019, 59, e201800148). The plasma composition and thermodynamics were obtained using a chemical approach. The electronic transport coefficients were calculated within the relaxation time approximation with the new accurate momentum transfer cross‐section electron‐atom. The results of the present calculations have been compared with the new measurement data, obtained at relatively low densities, reaching 0.125 of the value in solid state, which corresponds to the area, where the model can be applied correctly. The good agreement between the calculations and measurements was obtained for both the pressure and the electrical conductivity.
Basic study of dielectric properties of cancer cells by dielectrophoretic velocimetry
Authors: Guo Yutong , Yagi Ippei , Uchida Satoshi , Tochikubo Fumiyoshi , Takano Masayo , Wakizaka Yoshikazu , Enjoji Takaharu
Published: May 2021

Cell separation technique is essential for the detection of circulating tumor cells in blood and for enrichment of stem cell in regenerative medicine. However, conventional methods require cell labeling such as antibodies, which may damage the cells during the operation. Therefore, dielectrophoresis (DEP), a “label‐free” separation technique that eliminates the effects on cells, has been attracting attention. In this paper, we investigated the dielectric properties of Jurkat cells derived from human T‐cell leukemia cells by dielectrophoretic velocimetry. An equivalent circuit model of the cell was constructed and the frequency characteristics of the voltage of each layer of the cell were calculated. As a result, it was shown that the live and dead cells showed opposite dielectrophoretic forces in the region below 10 kHz, indicating the possibility of separating them. The agreement between the theoretical calculations and the experimental results shows the validity of the equivalent circuit model.
An efficient p‐multigrid spectral element model for fully nonlinear water waves and fixed bodies
Authors: Engsig‐Karup Allan P. , Laskowski Wojciech L.
Published: May 2021

In marine offshore engineering, cost‐efficient simulation of unsteady water waves and their nonlinear interaction with bodies are important to address a broad range of engineering applications at increasing fidelity and scale. We consider a fully nonlinear potential flow (FNPF) model discretized using a Galerkin spectral element method to serve as a basis for handling both wave propagation and wave‐body interaction with high computational efficiency within a single modeling approach. We design and propose an efficient ‐scalable computational procedure based on geometric p‐multigrid for solving the Laplace problem in the numerical scheme. The fluid volume and the geometric features of complex bodies is represented accurately using high‐order polynomial basis functions and unstructured meshes with curvilinear prism elements. The new p‐multigrid spectral element model can take advantage of the high‐order polynomial basis and thereby avoid generating a hierarchy of geometric meshes with changing number of elements as required in geometric h‐multigrid approaches. We provide numerical benchmarks for the algorithmic and numerical efficiency of the iterative geometric p‐multigrid solver. Results of numerical experiments are presented for wave propagation and for wave‐body interaction in an advanced case for focusing design waves interacting with a floating production storage and offloading. Our study shows, that the use of iterative geometric p‐multigrid methods for the Laplace problem can significantly improve run‐time efficiency of FNPF simulators.
Cadmium inhibits neural stem/progenitor cells proliferation via MitoROS‐dependent AKT/GSK‐3β/β‐catenin signaling pathway
Authors: Luo Huan , Song Bo , Xiong Guiya , Zhang Bing , Zuo Zhenzi , Zhou Zhijun , Chang Xiuli
Published: May 2021

Cadmium (Cd) is a toxic heavy metal widely found in the environment. Cd is also a potential neurotoxicant, and its exposure is associated with impairment of cognitive function. However, the underlying mechanisms by which Cd induces neurotoxicity are unclear. In this study, we investigated the in vitro effect of Cd on primary murine neural stem/progenitor cells (mNS/PCs) isolated from the subventricular zone. Our results show that Cd exposure leads to mNS/PCs G1/S arrest, promotes cell apoptosis, and inhibits cell proliferation. In addition, Cd increases intracellular and mitochondrial reactive oxygen species (ROS) that activates mitochondrial oxidative stress, decreases ATP production, and increases mitochondrial proton leak and glycolysis rate in a dose‐dependent manner. Furthermore, Cd exposure decreases phosphorylation of protein kinase B (AKT) and glycogen synthase kinase‐3 beta (GSK3β) in mNS/PCs. In addition, pretreatment mNS/PCs with MitoTEMPO, a mitochondrial‐targeted antioxidant, improves mitochondrial morphology and functions and attenuates Cd‐induced inhibition of mNS/PCs proliferation. It also effectively reverses Cd‐induced changes of phosphorylation of AKT and the expression of β‐catenin and its downstream genes. Taken together, our data suggested that AKT/GSK3β/β‐catenin signaling pathway is involved in Cd‐induced mNS/PCs proliferation inhibition via MitoROS‐dependent pattern.