bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Global Sporadic‐E Occurrence Rate Climatology Using GPS Radio Occultation and Ionosonde Data
Authors: Hodos Travis J. , Nava Omar A. , Dao Eugene V. , Emmons Daniel J.
Published: December 2022

An updated global climatology of blanketing sporadic E (Es) is developed from a combined data set of Global Positioning System (GPS) radio occultation (RO) and ground‐based ionosonde soundings over the period of September 2006–January 2019. A total of 46 sites and 3.2 million total soundings from the Global Ionosphere Radio Observatory network in combination with 3.0 million occultations from the Constellation Observing System for Meteorology, Ionosphere, and Climate constellation are used to calculate global occurrence rates (ORs) for two blanketing frequency thresholds: all blanketing sporadic‐E with no limit on intensity (all‐Es) and moderate‐Eswith fbEs ≥ 3 MHz. Following the GPS‐RO to ionosonde comparison by Carmona et al. (2022),https://doi.org/10.3390/rs14030581the all‐Esrates are calculated using ionosonde data and an amplitude‐based S4threshold for the GPS‐RO data while the moderate‐Esrates use a primarily phase‐based technique. Occurrence rates are separated by intensity, season, month, and solar local time for quiet geomagnetic conditions. Overall, the general geomagnetic trends agree with previous Esclimatologies and the ORs peak near 50% for all‐Esand 25% for moderate‐Esmeasured in the mid‐latitudes during local summer in the late afternoon. Low ORs are observed near the South Atlantic Anomaly and North America, and a general asymmetry is observed between hemispheres with higher ORs in the Northern Hemisphere. High‐latitude and late morning blanketing Esare found to be stronger but less frequent with rates nearly equal to the moderate‐Esmid‐latitude maximums.
Evaluating the Sensitivity of Multi‐Dimensional Model Predictions of Salmon Habitat to the Source of Remotely Sensed River Bathymetry
Authors: Harrison Lee R. , Legleiter Carl J. , Sridharan Vamsi K. , Dudley Peter N. , Daniels Miles E.
Published: December 2022

Multi‐dimensional numerical models are fundamental tools for investigating biophysical processes in aquatic ecosystems. Remote sensing techniques increase the feasibility of applying such models at riverscape scales, but tests of model performance on large rivers have been limited. We evaluated the potential to develop two‐dimensional (2D) and three‐dimensional (3D) hydrodynamic models for a 1.6‐km reach of a large gravel‐bed river using three sources of remotely sensed river bathymetry. We estimated depth from hyperspectral image data acquired from conventional and uncrewed aircraft and multispectral satellite imagery. Our results indicated that modeled water depth errors were similar between 2D and 3D models, with depth residuals that were comparable to the uncertainty associated with the bathymetry used as input. We found good agreement between measured and modeled depth‐averaged velocities generated by 2D and 3D models, while 3D models provided superior predictions of near‐bed velocities. We found that optimal model performance occurred for lower flow resistance values than previously reported in the literature, possibly as a consequence of the high‐resolution bathymetry used as model input. Model predictions of winter‐run Chinook salmon (Oncorhynchus tshawytscha) spawning and rearing habitat were not sensitive to the source of bathymetric information, but bioenergetic predictions related to adult holding costs were influenced by the input bathymetry. Our results suggest that hyperspectral imagery acquired from piloted and/or uncrewed aircraft can be used to map the bathymetry of clear‐flowing, relatively shallow large rivers with sufficient accuracy to support multi‐dimensional flow model development; models developed from multispectral satellite imagery had more limited predictive capability.
Compound Coastal, Fluvial, and Pluvial Flooding During Historical Hurricane Events in the Sabine–Neches Estuary, Texas
Authors: Maymandi Nahal , Hummel Michelle A. , Zhang Yu
Published: December 2022

When storm surge, river discharge, and rainfall occur simultaneously or in succession, they may cause compound flooding and exacerbate impacts in coastal communities. In traditional modeling approaches, these driving processes are simulated separately, leading to discrepancies between simulated and observed data and highlighting the need for coupled modeling frameworks. Here, we develop a coupled coastal–fluvial–pluvial model for the Sabine–Neches Estuary in southeastern Texas using Delft3D to simulate flood extent and depth during Hurricanes Rita, Ike, and Harvey. For each hurricane, four scenarios (i.e., coastal, fluvial, pluvial, and compound) are modeled to determine the relative contribution of each driving force to water levels across the domain. Our results reveal that tropical cyclones such as Harvey that are accompanied by extended periods of rainfall produce the largest extent and longest duration of compound flooding. Such storms also produce highly dynamic and evolving patterns of compound flooding over their duration, with multiple flood peaks that can inhibit response and recovery efforts. When simulating these storms, a coupled model can provide substantial improvements over coastal‐, fluvial‐, and pluvial‐only models, decreasing root mean square error by 69%, 69%, and 79%, respectively. In contrast, storms with short‐duration rainfall and moderate to severe storm surge produce less extensive compound flooding, which is typically dominated by coastal–pluvial interactions. Our results further highlight the potential for compound flooding at the locations of critical water infrastructure assets, suggesting the need for flood adaptation approaches that are robust to multiple types of flooding.
Residual NAPL Morphology Effects on Electrical Resistivity: Insights From Micromodel Displacement Experiments and Pore Network Simulations
Authors: Qiang Siyuan , Shi Xiaoqing , Revil André , Kang Xueyuan , Liu Yuanyuan , Wu Jichun
Published: December 2022

Characterizing residual non‐aqueous phase liquids (NAPLs) in porous media is essential for designing contaminated site remediation strategies. The direct current resistivity method is increasingly being used at sites contaminated by NAPLs, which uses the Archie's second law to connect NAPL saturation with the resistivity of porous media. A power‐law relationship connecting the phase morphology measured by Euler characteristic with resistivity has also been observed at the pore‐scale. Because these relationships are limited for porous media with specific wettability, previous research works have demonstrated deviations from Archie's second law in both the laboratory and field experiments. To evaluate the effects of residual NAPL morphology with different wettability on bulk resistivity, we developed two 2D‐micromodels and measured their electrical resistivity and phase morphology during phase displacement under laboratory‐controlled conditions. Furthermore, pore network simulations of a variety of conditions were performed in absence of surface conduction. Results show that NAPL distributed in dead ends of the pore space has limited influence on bulk resistivity since they do not control the current path and voltage distribution. The correlations between resistivity index and Euler characteristic are determined by NAPL ganglia size and pore throat width. A power‐law relationship is found between the Archie's saturation exponent and the average size of the residual NAPL ganglia, indicating that this exponent can be interpreted as the rate of change of the pore water connectivity with saturation. These insights provide a physical framework connecting the morphology and wettability of the NAPL ganglia with the Archie's saturation exponent.
Drawing a line between histone demethylase KDM5A and KDM5B: their roles in development and tumorigenesis
Authors: Yoo Jung , Kim Go Woon , Jeon Yu Hyun , Kim Ji Yoon , Lee Sang Wu , Kwon So Hee
Published: December 2022

Distinct epigenetic modifiers ensure coordinated control over genes that govern a myriad of cellular processes. Growing evidence shows that dynamic regulation of histone methylation is critical for almost all stages of development. Notably, the KDM5 subfamily of histone lysine-specific demethylases plays essential roles in the proper development and differentiation of tissues, and aberrant regulation of KDM5 proteins during development can lead to chronic developmental defects and even cancer. In this review, we adopt a unique perspective regarding the context-dependent roles of KDM5A and KDM5B in development and tumorigenesis. It is well known that these two proteins show a high degree of sequence homology, with overlapping functions. However, we provide deeper insights into their substrate specificity and distinctive function in gene regulation that at times divert from each other. We also highlight both the possibility of targeting KDM5A and KDM5B to improve cancer treatment and the limitations that must be overcome to increase the efficacy of current drugs.
Idarubicin combats abiraterone and enzalutamide resistance in prostate cells via targeting XPA protein
Authors: Zhang Ying , Wei Wei , Li Changying , Yan Siyuan , Wang Shanshan , Xiao Shudong , He Chenchen , Li Jing , Qi Zhi , Li Benyi , Yang Kuo , Li Changlin
Published: December 2022

Although second-generation therapies like abiraterone (ABI) and enzalutamide (ENZ) benefit patients with castration-resistant prostate cancer (CRPC), drug resistance frequently occurs, eventually resulting in therapy failure. In this study, we used two libraries, FDA-approved drug library and CRISP/Cas9 knockout (GeCKO) library to screen for drugs that overcome treatment resistance and to identify the potential drug-resistant genes involved in treatment resistance. Our screening results showed that the DNA-damaging agent idarubicin (IDA) overcame abiraterone and enzalutamide resistance in prostate cancer cells. IDA treatment inhibited the DNA repair protein XPA expression in a transcription-independent manner. Consistently, XPA knockout sensitized prostate cancer cells to abiraterone and enzalutamide treatment. In conclusion, IDA combats abiraterone and enzalutamide resistance by reducing XPA protein level in prostate cancer.
Non-invasive prenatal testing in Germany: a unique ethical and policy landscape
Authors: Bowman-Smart Hilary , Wiesemann Claudia , Horn Ruth
Published: December 2022

Non-invasive prenatal testing (NIPT) has been available commercially in Europe since approximately 2012. Currently, many countries are in the process of integrating NIPT into their publicly funded healthcare systems to screen for chromosomal aneuploidies such as trisomy 21 (Down syndrome), with a variety of implementation models. In 2019, the German Federal Joint Committee (G-BA), which plays a significant role in overseeing healthcare decisions in Germany, recommended that NIPT be reimbursed through public insurance. Following this recommendation, NIPT will be offered on a case-by-case basis, when a pregnant woman, after being counselled, makes an informed decision that the test is necessary in her personal situation. This model differs significantly from many other European countries, where NIPT is being implemented either as a first-tier screening offer available for all pregnancies, or a contingent screen for those with a high probability of foetal aneuploidy (with varying probability cut-offs). In this paper we examine how this unique approach to implementing NIPT in Germany is produced by an ethical and policy landscape resulting from a distinctive cultural and historical context with a significant influence on healthcare decision-making. Due in part to the specific legal and regulatory environment, as well as strong objections from various stakeholders, Germany did not implement NIPT as a first-tier screen. However, as Germany does not currently publicly fund as standard other forms of prenatal aneuploidy screening (such as combined first trimester screening), neither can it be implemented as a screen contingent on specific probability cut-offs. We discuss how German policy reflects the echoes of the past shaping approaches to new biotechnologies, and the implications of this unique model for implementing NIPT in a public healthcare system.
Transient non-Hermitian skin effect
Authors: Gu Zhongming , Gao He , Xue Haoran , Li Jensen , Su Zhongqing , Zhu Jie
Published: December 2022

The discovery of non-Hermitian skin effect (NHSE) has opened an exciting direction for unveiling unusual physics and phenomena in non-Hermitian system. Despite notable theoretical breakthroughs, actual observation of NHSE’s whole evolvement, however, relies mainly on gain medium to provide amplified mode. It typically impedes the development of simple, robust system. Here, we show that a passive system is fully capable of supporting the observation of the complete evolution picture of NHSE, without the need of any gain medium. With a simple lattice model and acoustic ring resonators, we use complex-frequency excitation to create virtual gain effect, and experimentally demonstrate that exact NHSE can persist in a totally passive system during a quasi-stationary stage. This results in the transient NHSE: passive construction of NHSE in a short time window. Despite the general energy decay, the localization character of skin modes can still be clearly witnessed and successfully exploited. Our findings unveil the importance of excitation in realizing NHSE and paves the way towards studying the peculiar features of non-Hermitian physics with diverse passive platforms.
Active eosinophils regulate host defence and immune responses in colitis
Authors: Gurtner Alessandra , Borrelli Costanza , Gonzalez-Perez Ignacio , Bach Karsten , Acar Ilhan E. , Núñez Nicolás G. , Crepaz Daniel , Handler Kristina , Vu Vivian P. , Lafzi Atefeh , Stirm Kristin , Raju Deeksha , Gschwend Julia , Basler Konrad , Schneider Christoph , Slack Emma , Valenta Tomas , Becher Burkhard , Krebs Philippe , Moor Andreas E. , Arnold Isabelle C.
Published: December 2022

In the past decade, single-cell transcriptomics has helped to uncover new cell types and states and led to the construction of a cellular compendium of health and disease. Despite this progress, some difficult-to-sequence cells remain absent from tissue atlases. Eosinophils—elusive granulocytes that are implicated in a plethora of human pathologies1–5—are among these uncharted cell types. The heterogeneity of eosinophils and the gene programs that underpin their pleiotropic functions remain poorly understood. Here we provide a comprehensive single-cell transcriptomic profiling of mouse eosinophils. We identify an active and a basal population of intestinal eosinophils, which differ in their transcriptome, surface proteome and spatial localization. By means of a genome-wide CRISPR inhibition screen and functional assays, we reveal a mechanism by which interleukin-33 (IL-33) and interferon-γ (IFNγ) induce the accumulation of active eosinophils in the inflamed colon. Active eosinophils are endowed with bactericidal and T cell regulatory activity, and express the co-stimulatory molecules CD80 and PD-L1. Notably, active eosinophils are enriched in the lamina propria of a small cohort of patients with inflammatory bowel disease, and are closely associated with CD4+ T cells. Our findings provide insights into the biology of eosinophils and highlight the crucial contribution of this cell type to intestinal homeostasis, immune regulation and host defence. Furthermore, we lay a framework for the characterization of eosinophils in human gastrointestinal diseases.
Early adversity promotes binge-like eating habits by remodeling a leptin-responsive lateral hypothalamus–brainstem pathway
Authors: Shin Sora , You In-Jee , Jeong Minju , Bae Yeeun , Wang Xiao-Yun , Cawley Mikel Leann , Han Abraham , Lim Byung Kook
Published: December 2022

Early-life trauma (ELT) is a risk factor for binge eating and obesity later in life, yet the neural circuits that underlie this association have not been addressed. Here, we show in mice that downregulation of the leptin receptor (Lepr) in the lateral hypothalamus (LH) and its effect on neural activity is crucial in causing ELT-induced binge-like eating and obesity upon high-fat diet exposure. We also found that the increased activity of Lepr-expressing LH (LHLepr) neurons encodes sustained binge-like eating in ELT mice. Inhibition of LHLepr neurons projecting to the ventrolateral periaqueductal gray normalizes these behavioral features of ELT mice. Furthermore, activation of proenkephalin-expressing ventrolateral periaqueductal gray neurons, which receive inhibitory inputs from LHLepr neurons, rescues ELT-induced maladaptive eating habits. Our results identify a circuit pathway that mediates ELT-induced maladaptive eating and may lead to the identification of novel therapeutic targets for binge eating and obesity.
Structural basis for Parkinson’s disease-linked LRRK2’s binding to microtubules
Authors: Snead David M. , Matyszewski Mariusz , Dickey Andrea M. , Lin Yu Xuan , Leschziner Andres E. , Reck-Peterson Samara L.
Published: December 2022

Leucine-rich repeat kinase 2 (LRRK2) is one of the most commonly mutated genes in familial Parkinson’s disease (PD). Under some circumstances, LRRK2 co-localizes with microtubules in cells, an association enhanced by PD mutations. We report a cryo-EM structure of the catalytic half of LRRK2, containing its kinase, in a closed conformation, and GTPase domains, bound to microtubules. We also report a structure of the catalytic half of LRRK1, which is closely related to LRRK2 but is not linked to PD. Although LRRK1’s structure is similar to that of LRRK2, we find that LRRK1 does not interact with microtubules. Guided by these structures, we identify amino acids in LRRK2’s GTPase that mediate microtubule binding; mutating them disrupts microtubule binding in vitro and in cells, without affecting LRRK2’s kinase activity. Our results have implications for the design of therapeutic LRRK2 kinase inhibitors.
Impact of observer experience on multi-detector computed tomography aortic valve morphology assessment and valve size selection for transcatheter aortic valve replacement
Authors: Evertz Ruben , Hub Sebastian , Kowallick Johannes T. , Seidler Tim , Danner Bernhard C. , Hasenfuß Gerd , Toischer Karl , Schuster Andreas
Published: December 2022

Transcatheter aortic valve replacement (TAVR) has become the standard treatment for aortic stenosis in older patients. It increasingly relies on accurate pre-procedural planning using multidetector computed tomography (MDCT). Since little is known about the required competence levels for MDCT analyses, we comprehensively assessed MDCT TAVR planning reproducibility and accuracy with regard to valve selection in various healthcare workers. 20 randomly selected MDCT of TAVR patients were analyzed using dedicated software by healthcare professionals with varying backgrounds and experience (two structural interventionalists, one imaging specialist, one cardiac surgeon, one general physician, and one medical student). Following the analysis, the most appropriate Edwards SAPIEN 3™ and Medtronic CoreValve valve size was selected. Intra- and inter-observer variability were assessed. The first structural interventionalist was considered as reference standard for inter-observer comparison. Excellent intra- and inter-observer variability was found for the entire group in regard to the MDCT measurements. The best intra-observer agreement and reproducibility were found for the structural interventionalist, while the medical student had the lowest reproducibility. The highest inter-observer agreement was between both structural interventionalists, followed by the imaging specialist. As to valve size selection, the structural interventionalist showed the highest intra-observer reproducibility, independent of the brand of valve used. Compared to the reference structural interventionalist, the second structural interventionalist showed the highest inter-observer agreement for valve size selection [ICC 0.984, 95% CI 0.969–0.991] followed by the cardiac surgeon [ICC 0.947, 95%CI 0.900–0.972]. The lowest inter-observer agreement was found for the medical student [ICC 0.507, 95%CI 0.067–0.739]. While current state-of-the-art MDCT analysis software provides excellent reproducibility for anatomical measurements, the highest levels of confidence in terms of valve size selection were achieved by the performing interventional physicians. This was most likely attributable to observer experience.
Exploiting domain transformation and deep learning for hand gesture recognition using a low-cost dataglove
Authors: Faisal Md. Ahasan Atick , Abir Farhan Fuad , Ahmed Mosabber Uddin , Ahad Md Atiqur Rahman
Published: December 2022

Hand gesture recognition is one of the most widely explored areas under the human–computer interaction domain. Although various modalities of hand gesture recognition have been explored in the last three decades, in recent years, due to the availability of hardware and deep learning algorithms, hand gesture recognition research has attained renewed momentum. In this paper, we evaluate the effectiveness of a low-cost dataglove for classifying hand gestures in the light of deep learning. We have developed a cost-effective dataglove using five flex sensors, an inertial measurement unit, and a powerful microcontroller for onboard processing and wireless connectivity. We have collected data from 25 subjects for 24 static and 16 dynamic American sign language gestures for validating our system. Moreover, we proposed a novel Spatial Projection Image-based technique for dynamic hand gesture recognition. We also explored a parallel-path neural network architecture for handling multimodal data more effectively. Our method produced an F1-score of 82.19% for static gestures and 97.35% for dynamic gestures from a leave-one-out-cross-validation approach. Overall, this study demonstrates the promising performance of a generalized hand gesture recognition technique in hand gesture recognition. The dataset used in this work has been made publicly available.
Francisella tularensis PCR detection in Cape hares (Lepus capensis) and wild rabbits (Oryctolagus cuniculus) in Algeria
Authors: Ammam Imene , Brunet Camille D. , Boukenaoui-Ferrouk Nouria , Peyroux Julien , Berthier Sylvie , Boutonnat Jean , Rahal Karim , Bitam Idir , Maurin Max
Published: December 2022

Tularemia is a zoonosis caused by the bacteriumFrancisella tularensis. Leporids are primary sources of human infections in the northern hemisphere. Africa is classically considered free of tularemia, but recent data indicate that this dogma might be wrong. We assessed the presence of this disease in wild leporids in Algeria. Between 2014 and 2018, we collected 74 leporids carcasses from spontaneously dead or hunted animals.Francisella tularensisDNA was detected by specific real-time PCR tests in 7/36 (19.44%) Cape hares (Lepus capensis) and 5/38 (13.15%) wild rabbits (Oryctolagus cuniculus). Known tularemia arthropod vectors infested half of the PCR-positive animals. At necropsy,F. tularensis-infected animals presented with an enlarged spleen (n = 12), enlarged adrenal glands (12), liver discoloration (12), hemorrhages (11), and pneumonia (11). Immunohistological examination of liver tissue from one animal was compatible with the presence ofF. tularensis. Our study demonstrates the existence of tularemia in lagomorphs in Algeria. It should encourage investigations to detect this disease among the human population of this country.
Changes in the hydro-climatic regime of the Hunza Basin in the Upper Indus under CMIP6 climate change projections
Authors: Nazeer Aftab , Maskey Shreedhar , Skaugen Thomas , McClain Michael E.
Published: December 2022

The Upper Indus Basin (UIB) heavily depends on its frozen water resources, and an accelerated melt due to the projected climate change may significantly alter future water availability. The future hydro-climatic regime and water availability of the Hunza basin (a sub-basin of UIB) were analysed using the newly released Coupled Model Intercomparison Project Phase 6 (CMIP6) climate projections. A data and parameter parsimonious precipitation-runoff model, the Distance Distribution Dynamics (DDD) model, was used with energy balance-based subroutines for snowmelt, glacier melt and evapotranspiration. The DDD model was set up for baseline (1991–2010), mid-century (2041–2060) and end-century (2081–2100) climates projections from two global circulation models (GCM), namely EC-Earth3 and MPI-ESM. The projections indicate a substantial increase in temperature (1.1–8.6 °C) and precipitation (12–32%) throughout the twenty-first century. The simulations show the future flow increase between 23–126% and the future glacier melt increase between 30–265%, depending on the scenarios and GCMs used. Moreover, the simulations suggest an increasing glacier melt contribution from all elevations with a significant increase from the higher elevations. The findings provide a basis for planning and modifying reservoir operation strategies with respect to hydropower generation, irrigation withdrawals, flood control, and drought management.
Beijing’s central role in global artificial intelligence research
Authors: AlShebli Bedoor , Cheng Enshu , Waniek Marcin , Jagannathan Ramesh , Hernández-Lagos Pablo , Rahwan Talal
Published: December 2022

Nations worldwide are mobilizing to harness the power of Artificial Intelligence (AI) given its massive potential to shape global competitiveness over the coming decades. Using a dataset of 2.2 million AI papers, we study inter-city citations, collaborations, and talent migrations to uncover dependencies between Eastern and Western cities worldwide. Beijing emerges as a clear outlier, as it has been the most impactful city since 2007, the most productive since 2002, and the one housing the largest number of AI scientists since 1995. Our analysis also reveals that Western cities cite each other far more frequently than expected by chance, East–East collaborations are far more common than East–West or West–West collaborations, and migration of AI scientists mostly takes place from one Eastern city to another. We then propose a measure that quantifies each city’s role in bridging East and West. Beijing’s role surpasses that of all other cities combined, making it the central gateway through which knowledge and talent flow from one side to the other. We also track the center of mass of AI research by weighing each city’s geographic location by its impact, productivity, and AI workforce. The center of mass has moved thousands of kilometers eastward over the past three decades, with Beijing’s pull increasing each year. These findings highlight the eastward shift in the tides of global AI research, and the growing role of the Chinese capital as a hub connecting researchers across the globe.
Difference between preferred and non-preferred leg in peak speed, acceleration, and deceleration variables and their relationships with the change-of-direction deficit
Authors: Silva Ana Filipa , Oliveira Rafael , Raya-González Javier , van den Hoek Daniel , Akyildiz Zeki , Yıldız Mehmet , Garrett Joel M. , Nobari Hadi , Clemente Filipe Manuel
Published: December 2022

The aim of this study was two-fold: (i) analyze the variation of kinematic measures between using preferred and non-preferred legs while braking during the 5–0–5 change of direction test; and (ii) test the relationships between kinematic measures, and change-of-direction deficit (CODD). A cross-sectional study using twenty adult male soccer players (21.6 ± 2.0 years; 73.2 ± 6.1 kg; 174.8 ± 4.5 cm) was employed. Players performed three repetitions of the 5–0–5 test using each leg during the braking phase. Players have used the Polar Team Pro to obtain the kinematic measures of peak speed, peak acceleration, and peak deceleration. Additionally, the CODD was also obtained using single-beamed photocells. Comparisons revealed a significantly greater peak acceleration (+ 0.22 m/s2;p < 0.001) and deceleration (+ 0.17 m/s2;p = 0.004) for the non-preferred leg. There were no significant correlations were found between CODD and peak accelerations (r = − 0.014, [− 0.193; 0.166]), peak decelerations (r = − 0.052, [− 0.229; 0.128]) or peak speed (r = 0.118, [− 0.063; 0.291]). This study revealed that preferred and non-preferred leg must be analyzed differently since they are different in the kinematic variables. However, CODD seems independent of leg preference and the kinematic measures of a 5–0–5 change of direction test.
Confined surface-enhanced indole cation-radical cyclization studied by mass spectrometry
Authors: Sun Jianghui , Tan Hongwei , Gao Yixuan , Li Jingjing , Wei Juanjuan , Zhang Shengxi , Ouyang Jin , Na Na
Published: December 2022

The mechanism of enhanced photocatalytic indole cation-radical cyclization in confined space is examined by coupling a nanopipette reactor with in situ nano-electrospray mass spectrometry (nanoESI-MS).
Fabrication of ionic liquid-mesoporous silica/platinum electrode with high hydroelectric stability for electric-field-assisted particle separation
Authors: Yang Ruilin , Liu Lu , Kaw Han Yeong , Li Minshu , Kim Ji Man , Li Donghao , Liu Cuicui , Dong Meihua , Jin Mingshi
Published: December 2022

Surface chemistry of electrodes plays a critical role in the fields of electrochemistry and electric-field-assisted separation.
Mixture design of an electrolyte system for the simultaneous separation of Cl−, SO42−, NO3−, NO2−, and HCO3− in shrimp-farming water by CZE-UV
Authors: do Nascimento Maria Patrícia , Marinho Marciel Vaz , Sousa Rafael Arromba de , Leal de Oliveira Marcone Augusto
Published: December 2022

Simultaneous determination of Cl−, NO2−, NO3−, SO42−, and HCO3− in shrimp-farming water samples by CZE-UV using dilution as sample pretreatment step. Mixture design was used to optimize the composition of the electrolyte background.
Solvent-tunable exciton-charge transfer mixed state enhances emission of functionalized benzo[rst]pentaphene through symmetry breaking
Authors: Xu Xiushang , Vonder Haar Amy L. , Yoshioka Rengo , Zhang Qizheng , Vasylevskyi Serhii , Musser Andrew J. , Narita Akimitsu
Published: December 2022

A benzo[rst]pentaphene (BPP) substituted by two bis(methoxyphenyl)amino (MeOPA) groups (BPP–MeOPA) was synthesized and its structural and photophysical properties clearly characterized.
Chiral BINOL-based borate counterions: from cautionary tale on anion stability to enantioselective Cu-catalyzed cyclopropanation
Authors: Labelle Anthony , Arndtsen Bruce A.
Published: December 2022

Studies on a new type of chiral BINOL-based boron counterion highlights its ability to rearrange under the reaction conditions to create a ligand that can be used in the copper-catalyzed cyclopropanation of alkenes.
Resonant acoustic mixing (RAM) for efficient mechanoredox catalysis without grinding or impact media
Authors: Effaty Farshid , Gonnet Lori , Koenig Stefan G. , Nagapudi Karthik , Ottenwaelder Xavier , Friščić Tomislav
Published: December 2022

Using barium titanate as the piezoelectric catalysts, we demonstrate the ability to conduct mechanoredox reactionsviaresonant acoustic mixing, without grinding media or bulk solvent.
Physicochemical and thermodynamic evaluation of ibrutinib cocrystal formation with a long-chain fatty acid
Authors: Tiwari Shubhanshu Ranjan , Gopi Shanmukha Prasad , Kallem Divya Jyothi , Chaturvedi Deepika , Voguri Raja Sekhar , Ramakrishnan Srividya , Dey Archan , Pal Sharmistha
Published: December 2022

Insights into the structural features and thermodynamic parameters of a novel ibrutinib–palmitic acid cocrystal based on its crystallographic, thermal, and spectroscopic analysis.
Surface charge regulation using classical density functional theory: the effect of divalent potential determining ions
Authors: Vernin Nathalia Salles , Gillespie Dirk
Published: December 2022

The charge regulation approach has been used to describe the charge of surfaces susceptible to the presence of protons and divalent ions.
A theoretical study on pseudo Mott phase transition of vanadium dioxide
Authors: Miao Jin-Yi , Wang Wen-Xuan , Jiang Zhen-Yi , Zhang Xiao-Dong , Zheng Ji-Ming , Du Aijun
Published: December 2022

The Peierls geometrical distortion rather than Mott electronic correlation always plays a decisive role in the thermally induced phase transition in which the presence of Coulomb repulsion between electrons does not have an effect.
Insight into the solvent effects on ethanol oxidation on Ir(100)
Authors: Wu Ruitao , Wang Lichang
Published: December 2022

The C–C bond cleavage barrier in CHCO is increased but that in CH2CO is decreased in solvent due to hydrogen bonding effects. Dehydrogenation of hydroxyl hydrogen is likely to occur through a proton transfer mechanism in a solvent environment.
Characterization of non-covalent contacts in mono- and di-halo substituted acetaldehydes: probing the substitution effects of electron donating and withdrawing groups
Authors: Patkar Deepak , Deshmukh Milind M. , Chopra Deepak
Published: December 2022

The energetics and topological analysis based on electron density distribution have been evaluated in dimers of mono-, di- and tri-halogenated aldehdyes. This also includes various electron donating and electron withdrawing groups as well.
Improving Cl determination in cements by molecular LIBS using noble gas-enriched atmospheres and new approaches for interference removal
Authors: Fernández-Menéndez Luis Javier , Méndez-López Cristina , González-Gago Cristina , Pisonero Jorge , Bordel Nerea
Published: December 2022

The effect of buffering gases, together with the removal of Na and CaO interferences, successfully enhance Cl determination through CaCl emission.
Shear-enhanced sorting of ovoid and filamentous bacterial cells using pinch flow fractionation
Authors: de Timary Guillaume , Rousseau Clothilde J. , Van Melderen Laurence , Scheid Benoit
Published: December 2022

We achieve high-performance separation of ovoid and filamentous cells of E. coli by optimizing the flow conditions in a PFF device.
Asymmetric non-fullerene acceptors enable high photovoltaic performanceviathe synergistic effect of carbazole-terminated alkyl spacer and halogen substitution
Authors: Li Qingbin , Zhang Cen , Li Shangyu , Yao Jia , Zhang Ming , Wang Qingyuan , Chen Qi , Xue Lingwei , Zhang Zhi-Guo , Yan Qingzhi
Published: December 2022

A novel design approach of asymmetric NFAviasynergetic alkyl spacer length and halogen substitution enables high photovoltaic performance.
A fluorescent triazine-based covalent organic framework as a highly sensitive fluorescent probe for Fe3+ions
Authors: Guo Hao , Liu Yinsheng , Wu Ning , Peng Liping , Wei Xiaoqin , Lu Zongyan , Yu Zhiguo , Yang Wu
Published: December 2022

The fluorescence of the MaTa-COF suspension quenched by Fe3+can be recovered by adding ascorbic acid solution because Fe3+is reduced to Fe2+.
Lactose-modified enzyme-sensitive branched polymers as a nanoscale liver cancer-targeting MRI contrast agent
Authors: Zhang Xiaoqin , Wang Xiaoming , Li Zhiqian , Du Jun , Xiao Xueyang , Pan Dayi , Zhang Hu , Tian Xiaohe , Gong Qiyong , Gu Zhongwei , Luo Kui
Published: December 2022

Lactose-based and stimuli-sensitive branched polymers showed great potential as an efficacious and safe nanoscale magnetic resonance imaging contrast agent for liver cancer imaging.
Common salts directed the growth of metal-free horizontal SWNT arrays
Authors: Yu Yi , Sun Xiaoyue , Du Ran , Zhang Hongjie , Liu Dayan , Wang Ying , Zhang Xinyu , Zhang Wenyu , Zhang Shuchen , Qian Jinjie , Hu Yue , Huang Shaoming
Published: December 2022

This is the first time that NaCl has been utilised to grow metal-free SWNT arrays, facilitating large-scale industrial manufacturing and offering a new strategy for the controlled growth of SWNT arrays using low-melting-point catalysts.
FeCo/N-co-doped 3D carbon nanofibers as efficient bifunctional oxygen electrocatalyst for Zn–air batteries
Authors: Wang Jiangbo , Zhang Yanan , Guo Xue , Liao Shiqin , Lv Pengfei , Wei Qufu
Published: December 2022

The bacterial cellulose (BC) and Prussian blue analogue (PBA) derived FeCo and N codoped electrocatalyst FeCoNCF exhibits an outstanding ORR and OER performance. The prepared solid-state zinc–air battery displays a favorable cycling stability.
Ni/Co/Co3O4@C nanorods derived from a MOF@MOF hybrid for efficient overall water splitting
Authors: Dung Dao Thi , Lam Do Van , Roh Euijin , Ji Sanghyeon , Yuk Jong Min , Kim Jae-Hyun , Kim Hyunuk , Lee Seung-Mo
Published: December 2022

Hybrid Ni/Co/Co3O4 nanoparticles embedded in graphitic carbon for efficient overall water splitting can be rapidly prepared on Ni foam in a few minutes by microwave synthesis and subsequent laser-scribing.
Mapping the reaction zones for CdTe magic-sized clusters and their emission properties
Authors: Mech Saryvoudh A. , Ma Fuyan , Zeng Chenjie
Published: December 2022

Using five reaction parameters as “reaction coordinates”, we mapped out the “reaction zones” that produce CdTe magic-sized clusters (MSCs) and quantum dots (QDs). The photoluminescent properties of CdTe MSCs and QDs were also investigated.
A self-crosslinking nanogel scaffold for enhanced catalytic efficiency and stability
Authors: Yang Xu , Lin Maosheng , Wei Jirui , Sun Jing
Published: December 2022

We report a facile and efficient approach to prepare multifunctional bioinspired platforms under mild conditions that offer increased catalytic efficiency and stability.
Acoustic Predictors of Ease of Understanding in Spanish Speakers With Dysarthria Associated With Parkinson's Disease
Authors: Moya-Galé Gemma , Wisler Alan A. , Walsh Stephen J. , McAuliffe Megan J. , Levy Erika S.
Published: December 2022

Purpose:

The purpose of this study was to examine selected baseline acoustic features of hypokinetic dysarthria in Spanish speakers with Parkinson's disease (PD) and identify potential acoustic predictors of ease of understanding in Spanish.

Method:

Seventeen Spanish-speaking individuals with mild-to-moderate hypokinetic dysarthria secondary to PD and eight healthy controls were recorded reading a translation of the Rainbow Passage. Acoustic measures of vowel space area, as indicated by the formant centralization ratio (FCR), envelope modulation spectra (EMS), and articulation rate were derived from the speech samples. Additionally, 15 healthy adults rated ease of understanding of the recordings on a visual analogue scale. A multiple linear regression model was implemented to investigate the predictive value of the selected acoustic parameters on ease of understanding.

Results:

Listeners' ease of understanding was significantly lower for speakers with dysarthria than for healthy controls. The FCR, EMS from the first 10 s of the reading passage, and the difference in EMS between the end and the beginning sections of the passage differed significantly between the two groups of speakers. Findings indicated that 67.7% of the variability in ease of understanding was explained by the predictive model, suggesting a moderately strong relationship between the acoustic and perceptual domains.

Conclusions:

Measures of envelope modulation spectra were found to be highly significant model predictors of ease of understanding of Spanish-speaking individuals with hypokinetic dysarthria associated with PD. Articulation rate was also found to be important (albeit to a lesser degree) in the predictive model. The formant centralization ratio should be further examined with a larger sample size and more severe dysarthria to determine its efficacy in predicting ease of understanding.
A novel axial air‐gap transverse flux switching PM generator: Design, simulation and prototyping
Authors: Ghaheri Aghil , Afjei Ebrahim , Torkaman Hossein
Published: December 2022

Wind energy as the cleanest source of renewable energy requires a highly efficient lightweight generator that provides maximum power density while having the least vibration noise and maintenance. In this study, an axial air gap transverse flux machine is presented, and all excitation sources are located in the stator. This structure provides lower core loss, weight and cost due to the full utilisation of the permanent magnets, SMC‐free structure and short magnetic flux path. In fact, by combining the features of a flux‐switching machine into a transverse flux generator with an axial air gap, it is possible to improve the performance of a direct‐drive wind turbine generator by overcoming traditional structures' challenges. To analyse the axial transverse flux switching permanent magnet generator performance characteristics, 3D finite element simulations have been performed, which have been validated by comparing them to the practical results of a single‐phase prototype. The results are in agreement with an acceptable error that is caused by manufacturing uncertainties.
Hydrostatic mass profiles of galaxy clusters in the eROSITA survey
Authors: Scheck Dominik , Sanders Jeremy S. , Biffi Veronica , Dolag Klaus , Bulbul Esra , Liu Ang
Published: December 2022

Context. To assume hydrostatic equilibrium between the intracluster medium and the gravitational potential of galaxy clusters is an extensively used method to investigate their total masses.

Aims. We want to test hydrostatic masses obtained with an observational code in the context of the Spectrum-Roentgen-Gamma/eROSITA survey.

Methods. We used the hydrostatic modeling code MBProj2 to fit surface-brightness profiles to simulated clusters with idealized properties as well as to a sample of 93 clusters taken from the Magneticum Pathfinder simulations. We investigated the latter under the assumption of idealized observational conditions and also for realistic eROSITA data quality. The comparison of the fitted cumulative total mass profiles and the true mass profiles provided by the simulations allows us to gain knowledge both about the validity of hydrostatic equilibrium in each cluster and the reliability of our approach. Furthermore, we used the true profiles for gas density and pressure to compute hydrostatic mass profiles based on theory for every cluster.

Results. For an idealized cluster that was simulated to fulfill perfect hydrostatic equilibrium, we find that the cumulative total mass at the true r500 and r200 can be reproduced with deviations of less than 7%. For the clusters from the Magneticum Pathfinder simulations under idealized observational conditions, the median values of the fitted cumulative total masses at the true r500 and r200 are in agreement with our expectations, taking into account the hydrostatic mass bias. Nevertheless, we find a tendency towards steeper cumulative total mass profiles in the outskirts than expected. For realistic eROSITA data quality, this steepness problem intensifies for clusters with high redshifts and leads to excessive cumulative total masses at r200. For the hydrostatic masses based on the true profiles known from the simulations, we find good agreement with our expectations concerning the hydrostatic mass.
Professor Alain Krief: Advancing Chemistry; From Innovative Synthesis to Promoting Sustainable Development
Authors: Hopf Henning , Mehta Goverdhan , Matlin Stephen A.
Published: December 2022

Over more than five decades, Alain Krief’s career has encompassed many contributions to chemistry, notably in his innovative work in the areas of organic synthesis and the use of inorganic and organic reagents, as well as his work on bioorganic chemistry and applications of information technology in chemistry. His research on the synthesis of cyclopropanes, including chrysanthemic acid and other pyrethroids, and the uses of selenium compounds in organic synthesis, have been of particular importance and have found widespread applications. In addition, his roles in international collaborations in research and his leadership of the International Organization for Chemical Sciences in Development from 2009 to 2020 have marked his strong commitment to the importance of chemistry as a science for the benefit of society and a contributor to the goal of sustainable development.

1 Introduction

2 A Spectrum of Research

3 Leadership of the International Organization for Chemical Sciences
in Development (IOCD)
Reconstruction of the Axillary Region after Excision of Hidradenitis Suppurativa: A Systematic Review
Authors: Amendola Francesco , Cottone Giuseppe , Alessandri-Bonetti Mario , Borelli Francesco , Catapano Simone , Carbonaro Riccardo , Riccardi Francesca , Vaienti Luca
Published: December 2022

Introduction Hidradenitis suppurativa (HS) is a chronic, debilitating, recurrent, auto-inflammatory disease of the pilosebaceous units of the skin. The axillary region is the most affected anatomical site and its reconstructive options include skin grafts, local random plasties, regional axial flaps, and regional perforator flaps. The main aim of this systematic review is to identify the best surgical technique for axillary reconstruction in the context of HS, in terms of efficacy and safety.

Methods We adhered to Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) throughout the whole review protocol build-up. The literature search was performed using MEDLINE, Embase, and Cochrane library databases, updated to March 2021. Quality was assessed for each study, through the National Institutes of Health Quality Assessment Tool.

Results A total of 23 studies were included in the final analysis. We reviewed a total of 394 axillary reconstructions in 313 patients affected by HS Hurley Stage II or III. Skin grafts were associated with the highest overall complication rate (37%), and highest rate of reconstruction failure (22%). Between thoraco-dorsal artery perforator flap, posterior arm flap, and parascapular flap, the latter showed fewer total complications, recurrences, and failures.

Conclusion Regional axial flaps should be considered as the best surgical approach in the management of advanced HS. The parascapular flap emerges as the most effective and safest option for axillary reconstruction. Local random flaps might be considered only for selected minor excisions, due to the higher risk of recurrence. The use of skin grafts for axillary reconstruction is discouraged.
Primary Hydatid Cyst of Lumbar Paravertebral Muscle
Authors: Selahi Özge , Kuru Bektaşoğlu Pınar , Somay Adnan , Çelikoğlu Erhan , Gürer Bora
Published: December 2022

Hydatid cyst disease as a zoonosis usually infests the liver and lungs, and it rarely affects muscles. Here, we presented a 36-year-old female patient with low back pain. Radiological evaluation revealed a soft tissue lesion located at the left paravertebral region without vertebral invasion. Surgical exploration and removal of the cyst were performed. The pathological diagnosis was hydatid cyst. After the surgery, the patient was treated with albendazole which is used to decrease the consequences of spillage and the possibility of recurrence. Hydatid cyst disease is rarely seen in paravertebral muscle tissue and needs to be correctly managed. Primary muscle involvement of hydatid cyst must be kept in mind for differential diagnosis of paravertebral cystic mass lesions.