bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The rupture mechanism of the Coyote Lake earthquake of 6 August 1979 inferred from near-field data
Authors: Bouchon Michel
Published: June 2021

abstract

The Coyote Lake earthquake (ML = 5.7) occurred within the dense network of seismic instruments of central California and was recorded by numerous accelerograph stations. Two of these stations, located within the fault zone itself, provide particularly remarkable records of the rupture process. We use these data obtained in the immediate vicinity of the fault and the broadband seismograms recorded at Berkeley, about 100 km away from the epicenter, to infer the velocity of propagation of the rupture, the extent of the fractured area, the rupture front geometry, and other characteristics of the fracture mechanism. In order to extract this information from the data, we model the earthquake as a propagating dislocation starting at the hypocenter and spreading radially. We compute the resulting ground motion at the receiver sites using the discrete wavenumber representation of Green's functions (Bouchon, 1981). The results yield a rupture velocity of 2.6 km/sec, a fault length of about 14 km and a fault slip of 15 to 20 cm. They also show that the fault extends to shallower depth than indicated by the aftershocks. The most important result is the finding that slip, at any given location on the fault, takes place in a very short time span and that simple uniform dislocation models give a good description of the rupture process.
Locations and focal mechanisms of recent microearthquakes and tectonics of Livermore Valley, California
Authors: Followill Fred E. , Mills Joseph M.
Published: June 2021

abstract

Over 100 well-recorded microearthquakes (local magnitude less than 3), which occurred between January and September 1980, have been relocated, and focal mechanisms have been estimated for six regions of recent seismic activity for the Livermore Valley. Each of these microearthquakes had a minimum of 10 stations distributed in at least three quadrants around the epicenter. Data from these microearthquakes were combined with data from three USGS refraction experiments and used to develop a velocity model for Livermore Valley. Using this model, together with source region and station corrections to compensate for lateral velocity variations in the upper crust, we recalculated the locations and focal mechanisms.

Comparing the results from these regions, we found differences in focal depths, patterns of epicenter locations, and focal mechanisms. Focal depths in the northern regions were usually between 5 and 11 km. These were slightly greater than focal depths (2 to 8 km) in the southern regions. The pattern of strike-slip focal mechanisms with P axes trending NNE and the linear trend of epicenters along the right-lateral strike-slip Greenville fault system in the northern regions is in contrast with the pattern of a mixture of focal mechanisms in southern regions (which includes about one-third with thrust-type mechanisms where the T axis is nearer vertical than horizontal). In the southern regions, there is some indication of short offset (en echelon) segments and an absence of the extended linear trend found in the northern regions. We speculate that this more diffuse pattern of locations and focal mechanisms in the southern regions of the valley results from general north-south compressional tectonics with both strikeslip and thrust faulting occurring in a localized zone of deformation between the Livermore Valley block and the Diablo Range block to the south.
Observation of 1- to 5-second microtremors and their application to earthquake engineering. Part II. Evaluation of site effect upon seismic wave amplification due to extremely deep soil deposits
Authors: Kagami Hiroshi , Duke C. Martin , Liang George C. , Ohta Yutaka
Published: June 2021

abstract

The usefulness of long-period microtremor observation for earthquake engineering problems at extremely deep soil deposit site was examined in this study. Microtremor observations were made in the Niigata Plain, Japan, and in Los Angeles, California, where depths to the basement rock are several kilometers. These two locations were selected because strong-motion records obtained during the Niigata earthquake of 1964 and the San Fernando earthquake of 1971 contain large long-period amplitudes. Understanding why these predominate long-period motions were recorded is important for the evaluation of seismic input motions for large-scale structures.

Long-period microtremor observations were carried out in both areas in order to evaluate the characteristics of deep soil. Observations were performed simultaneously at a number of stations to distinguish the nature of deep soil deposit. The result of Fourier analysis showed that amplitude of microtremors in long-period range increases systematically from the point of basement rock outcrop to deep deposit site, with the increase corresponding to the depth-to-basement rock. This relationship coincides with that observed in the strong-motion earthquake records. These analyses indicated that simultaneous observation of long-period microtremors at a number of stations can provide insight to the characteristic of deep soil amplification and, therefore, permit estimation of seismic input motions for large-scale structures.
The El Asnam, Algeria, earthquake of 10 October 1980: Multiple-source mechanism determined from long-period records
Authors: Deschamps A. , Gaudemer Y. , Cisternas A.
Published: June 2021

abstract

We present a study of the El Asnam, Algeria, earthquake of 10 October 1980 from a large collection of long-period surface and body wave records. The focal mechanism of the main shock is well constrained by the P-wave first motions at teleseismic distances and field observations: it was a thrust event on a plane striking N45°E, and a dip angle of 54° to the north. It had a small component of left-lateral motion (λ = 83°) (Ouyed et al., 1981; Gaudemer et al., 1981).

This earthquake was very well recorded on WWSSN stations and on GDSN and IDA digital stations, with a good azimuthal distribution. From these records, we confirm the focal solution and obtain a seismic moment Mo = 5 × 1026 dyne-cm.

The P-wave seismograms indicate a complex source. We show that it is not sufficient to model the source by a multiple event, but it is also necessary to include a propagation effect in order to explain accurately the waveform. With assumptions based on field observation of the surface breaks, we model the P waves, including two discontinuities of the propagation, along the fault plane and obtain a good agreement of the waveform.
Reflection and refraction of seismic waves incident obliquely at the boundary of a liquid-saturated porous solid
Authors: Hajra Sushama , Mukhopadhyay Arabinda
Published: June 2021

abstract

A systematic theory of the propagation of seismic waves in liquid-saturated porous solids was first developed by Biot in 1956. Since then, some theoretical investigations have been carried out on the propagation of body and surface waves in such media. Further studies in this area may be useful in giving greater insight into the propagation of seismic waves in underground layers of porous solids saturated with oil or groundwater. In this connection, the transmission of normally incident seismic waves across the boundary of a liquid-saturated porous solid has been considered earlier. Keeping in view the fact that oblique incidence is more likely than normal incidence for such seismic waves, the authors have investigated the reflection and refraction of P and SV waves, which become obliquely incident at the boundary of a liquid-saturated porous solid, after propagating through an elastic solid. It is found that, corresponding to both P and SV waves obliquely incident at the boundary, there will be two refracted dilatational waves traveling with different velocities, which may be called the Pf and Ps waves, and one refracted SV wave, in the liquid-saturated porous solid, together with reflected P and SV waves in the elastic solid. The amplitude and energy ratios for the different reflected and refracted waves have been calculated theoretically. Numerical values of the amplitude and energy ratios have been computed for different angles of incidence for P and SV waves which propagate through granite, and then become incident at the boundary between the granite and oil-saturated sandstone, using results of laboratory experiments on the elastic behavior of oil-saturated sandstone. It is found that the amplitudes of the reflected and refracted waves depend significantly on the angle of incidence. It is also found that the amplitude of the second refracted P wave is usually much smaller than that of the other reflected and refracted P and SV waves, so that this slower refracted P wave will be difficult to detect. Similar amplitudes and energy ratios are also calculated for P and SV waves incident at the boundary between granite and dry sandstone. Comparison between the cases of dry sandstone and oil-saturated sandstone shows that the presence of oil usually has a significant effect on the amplitudes of the reflected and refracted P and SV waves.

It is noted that such theoretical investigations may be useful in utilizing the amplitudes and other characteristics of reflected and refracted seismic waves in the detection and study of underground layers of porous solids saturated with oil or groundwater.
The standard error of the magnitude-frequencybvalue
Authors: Shi Yaolin , Bolt Bruce A.
Published: June 2021

abstract

Estimated b values in log N = a − bM are widely used in seismicity comparisons and risk analysis, but uncertainties have been little explored. In this paper, the usual F probability density distribution for b is given and compared with an asymptotic form for temporally varying b. Convenient tables for the standard error of b are given that allow statistical tests to accompany investigations of both temporal and spatial variations of b. With large samples and slow temporal changes in b, the standard error of b is

σ ( b ^ ) = 2.30 b 2 σ ( M _ ) ,

where

σ 2 ( M _ ) = ∑ i − 1 n ( M i − M _ ) 2 / n ( n − 1 ) .

In an example from central California, stable estimates of b require a space-time window containing about 100 earthquakes. From 1952 to 1978, the average b and 90 per cent confidence limits are 0.95 (+0.94, −0.30). Some fluctuations of b are statistically significant but some are not. Within 90 per cent confidence limits, b changes from a low of 0.60 (+0.11, −0.09) in 1955 to a high of 1.39 (+0.25, −0.21) in 1967 and drops to 0.72 (+0.13, −0.10) in 1975. In this example, no correlation between large earthquakes (M > 5) and b variations occurred.
Experimental study of the spectral content for shallow earthquakes
Authors: Modiano Thierry , Hatzfeld Denis
Published: June 2021

abstract

Twenty-four seismic stations were installed for 1 month in October and November 1978 to study the seismicity and fault plane solutions of the Arette region (Pyrénées). Six of these stations were three-component magnetic tape recording instruments. We recorded about 115 events which could be located well, having magnitudes varying from 0.6 to 2.9. Nineteen of these earthquakes were recorded on more than two tape recording stations.

Spectra of a given event recorded on the three components of one station are similar, but there are differences in corner frequencies or high-frequency decays between stations and earthquakes.

We first studied Q factor (by assuming it is independent of frequency and that the source spectra are proportional to f−2 at high frequencies). We find a strong correlation of Q with hypocentral distance, which can be attributed to an increase of Qp from 120 to 170 and Qs from 180 to 350 in the top 10 km of the crust. The mean value of Qs ∼ 1.6 Qp.

The coverage of stations and quality of datas allow us to correct spectra for site amplification, geometrical spreading, free surface reflection, and radiation pattern. The mean ration of P- and S-wave corner frequencies for a given event is 1.43, close to that predicted by Madariaga's model.

Madariaga's model was used to calculate source parameters. The highest stress drop calculated (170 ± 80 bars) is significantly higher than the mean stress drop (35 bars) of all the events and was obtained for the earthquake which was located where an earthquake of magnitude 5.1 occurred 15 months later, 29 February 1980, in a place where the seismicity had been below average.
Scaling relations for strong ground motion in large earthquakes
Authors: Scholz C. H.
Published: June 2021

abstract

The problem we address is how to predict strong ground motions for very large earthquakes from observations made of such motions produced by events of moderate size. The discussion is in terms of two basic rupture models, a W model in which slip is controlled by fault width and an L model in which slip is controlled by fault length. Because mean slip is observed to increase linearly with fault length, a long earthquake cannot be modeled as a series of shorter events placed end to end. Rather, to explain the correlation of slip with length, a W model will predict that stress drop increases with length, whereas an L model will predict that stress drop is constant but rise time (slipping duration) increases with length. Thus, a W model predicts that peak and rms accelerations and peak and asymptotic particle velocities increase linearly with fault length. An L model predicts that rms acceleration and asymptotic velocities are independent of length but that the peak velocities increase with the square root of length and peak acceleration with InL.
Analysis of near-source static and dynamic measurements from the 1979 Imperial Valley earthquake
Authors: Archuleta Ralph J.
Published: June 2021

abstract

Gross features of the rupture mechanism of the 1979 Imperial Valley earthquake (ML = 6.6) are inferred from qualitative analysis of near-source ground motion data and observed surface rupture. A lower bound on the event's seismic moment of 2.5 × 1025 dyne-cm is obtained by assuming that the average slip over the whole fault plane equals the average surface rupture, 40.5 cm. Far-field estimates of moment suggest an average slip over the fault plane of 105 cm, from which a static stress drop of 11 bars is obtained. An alternative slip model, consistent with the far-field moment, has 40.5 cm of slip in the upper 5 km of the fault and 120 cm of slip in the lower 5 km. This model suggests a static stress drop of 39 bars. From the lower estimate of 11 bars, an average strain drop of 32 µstrain is derived. This strain drop is four times greater than the strain that could have accumulated since the 1940 El Centro earthquake based on measured strain rates for the region. Hence, a major portion of the strain released in the 1979 main shock had been accumulated prior to 1940.

Unusually large amplitude (500 to 600 cm/sec2) vertical accelerations were recorded at stations E05, E06, E07, E08, EDA of the EI Centro array, and the five stations of the differential array near EDA. Although the peak acceleration of 1705 cm/sec2 at E06 is probably amplified by a factor of 3 due to local site conditions, these large amplitude vertical accelerations are unusual in that they are evident on only a few stations, all of which are near the fault trace and at about the same epicentral range. Two possible explanations are considered: first, that they are due to a direct P wave generated from a region about 17 km north of the hypocenter, or second, that they are due to a PP phase that is unusually strong in the Imperial Valley due to the large P-wave velocity gradient in the upper 5 km of the Imperial Valley.

Based on the distribution of both the horizontal and vertical offsets, it is likely that the rupture went beyond stations E06 and E07 during the main shock. By exploiting the antisymmetry of the parallel components of particle velocity between E06 and E07 and by examining polarization diagrams of the particle velocity at E06 and E07, an average rupture velocity in the basement of 2.5 to 2.6 km/sec between the hypocenter and station E06 is obtained. In addition, several lines of evidence suggest that the Imperial fault dips about 75° to the NE.
Finite faults and inverse theory with applications to the 1979 Imperial Valley earthquake
Authors: Olson Allen H. , Apsel Randy J.
Published: June 2021

abstract

Using a representation theorem from elastodynamics, subsurface slip on a known fault is formulated as the solution to an inverse problem in which recorded surface ground motion is the data. Two methods of solution are presented: the least-squares method, which minimizes the squared differences between theory and data, and the constrained least-squares method which simultaneously maintains a set of linear inequalities. Instabilities in the solution are effectively eliminated in both methods, and the sensitivity of the solution to small changes in the data is quantitatively stated. The inversion methodology is applied to 77 components of near-field ground acceleration recorded during the 15 October 1979 Imperial Valley earthquake. The faulting is constrained to propagate bilaterally away from the epicenter at an average velocity of 90 per cent of the shear wave speed on a vertical fault plane extending from the surface to 10 km depth. Inequality constraints are used to keep the faulting sequence physically reasonable by maintaining right-lateral motion and positive slip velocity. The preferred solution is stable and provides a good fit to the data; it is also realistic and consistent with observed surface offsets and independent estimates of seismic moment
Broadband analysis of the extended foreshock sequence of the Miyagi-Oki earthquake of 12 June 1978
Authors: Choy George L. , Boatwright John
Published: June 2021

abstract

The Miyagi-Oki earthquake of 12 June 1978, a large (Ms 7.8) interplate thrust event, occurred in a region which had not experienced earthquakes of magnitude greater than 7 since 1938. A sequence of four moderate-sized (5.4 < mb < 6.1) earthquakes encircled the rupture zone of the Miyagi-Oki earthquake over a period of 2 yr before the main shock. Broadband displacement and velocity records of body waves recorded digitally by stations of the Global Digital Seismograph Network are analyzed to determine the static and dynamic characteristics of the sequence. These characteristics include moment, radiated energy, dynamic and static stress drop, and apparent stress. Inversions of duration measurements made on the velocity waveforms permit quantifying the complexity of an event as well as constraining its rupture geometry.

Intervals of 7 to 8 months separated the first three events; the main shock occurred 4 months after the third event. The rupture process of the third event was relatively complex; the event also had a substantially higher dynamic stress drop (175 bars) than did the stress drops of the first two events (9 and 10 bars, respectively). These observations suggest that the third event was an interme-diate-term precursor to the main shock. The fourth event, a short-term precursor to the main shock, occurred about 8 min before the main shock. Its dynamic stress drop (20 bars) was lower than that of the third event but higher than that of the first two events.
The 1971 San Fernando earthquake: A double event?
Authors: Heaton Thomas H.
Published: June 2021

abstract

Evidence is presented which suggest that the 1971 San Fernando earthquake may have been a double event that occurred on two separate, subparallel thrust faults. It is postulated that the initial event took place at depth on the Sierra Madre fault zone which runs along the base of the San Gabriel Mountains. Rupture is postulated to have occurred from a depth of about 15 km to a depth of about 3 km. A second event is thought to have initiated about 4 sec later on another steeply dipping thrust fault which is located about 4 km south of the Sierra Madre fault zone. The surface trace of this fault coincides with the San Fernando fault zone which was the principal fault associated with surface rupture. It is postulated that rupture propagated from a depth of 8 km to the free surface. The moments of the first and second events are approximately 0.7 × 1026 dyne-cm and 1.0 × 1026 dyne-cm, respectively. This model is found to explain the combined data sets of strong ground motions, teleseismic P and S waveforms, and static offsets better than previous models, which consist of either a single fault plane or a plane having a dip angle which shallows with decreasing depth. Nevertheless, many features of the observed motions remain unexplained, and considerable uncertainty still exists regarding the faulting history of the San Fernando earthquake.
Tidal triggering of earthquakes
Authors: Heaton Thomas H.
Published: June 2021

abstract

Analysis of the tidal stress tensor at the time of moderate to large earthquakes fails to confirm an earlier hypothesis that the origin times of shallow dip-slip earthquakes correlate with solid-earth tidal shear stress. Furthermore, no correlation is seen for either tidal shear stress or tidal normal-to-the-fault compressive stress with shallow strike-slip earthquakes or with deep earthquakes.
Measuring System of Temperature, Humidity, and Light Intensity for Plant Monitoring in BALITJESTRO, Batu City
Authors:   Department of Physics, Universitas Negeri Malang, Ansyah Tomy Andre , Heriyanto Heriyanto ,   Department of Physics, Universitas Negeri Malang, Fanshuri Buyung Al ,   Research Center for Citrus and Subtropical Fruits (BALITJESTRO)
Published: June 2021

Therefore, a tool is needed to make it easier for researchers, so there is no need to go back and forth to retrieve data. This research has the following research method stages, (1) literature study of theories to design the system from the tools to be made, (2) system design, (3) analysis of device requirements, (4) tool calibration process (data can be said to be valid if the error does not exceed one per cent), and (5) data processing is according to agricultural research needs. In this research, a tool that has calibrated with an appropriate measuring instrument produced. Measuring temperature, humidity, and light intensity designed with a microcontroller and other sensors with a data storage base on an SD card. The measuring results show that the temperature values fluctuate between 16.9 °C to 28.2 °C. The value of air humidity tends to remain at the value of 99.9 per cent. At the same time, the value of light intensity ranges from 332 to 606 Cd. The relative error of temperature, humidity, and light intensity is 0.007, 0.082, and 0.016 per cent respectively. Therefore, each measurement indicator has a relative error value of less than one per cent so that the designed tool has valid and under the standardized measuring instrument.
MENUMBUHKAN KEMBALI MINAT BELAJAR SEJARAH LOKAL PELABUHAN SENAPELAN PADA DIRI SISWA SMA MELALUI KARYA WISATA
Authors: Hanifah Aisyah Nur
Published: June 2021

The introduction of the Senapelan Harbor, as a part of history of the early birth of the city of Pekanbaru, to students is very important as part of a local history. To explore the historical story and the existence of Senapelan Harbor in the present, it is important for History teachers to introduce the port site through the field work learning method, accompanied by an android-based digital map media. The purposes of this study are (1) to determine how much knowledge high school students in Pekanbaru have about the historical sites of Senapelan Harbor. (2) to determine the effectiveness of the field trip method and digital maps in fostering the love of high school students for the local history of Senapelan Harbor. (3) to find out how much student achievement in learning local history has increased, by using the historical tourism work research method, based on digital maps.
INFLUENCES OF THE SOIL PHYSICO-CHEMICAL CHARACTERISTICS ON THE MINERAL COMPOSITION OF THE MOROCCAN STRAWBERRY TREE (Arbutus unedo L)
Authors:   National Institute of Agricultural Research (INRA), BP 6356, Rabat, Morocco, lhaj Zakaria Ait ,   Faculty of Sciences, Nanostructures Laboratory, Process Engineering and Environment, center of materials science, Mohammed V University, Rabat, Morocco, Zouahri Abdelmajid ,   National Institute of Agricultural Research (INRA), BP 6356, Rabat, Morocco, Abboussi Oualid ,   Physiology and Physiopathology Team, Faculty of Sciences, Genomic of Human Pathologies Research Centre, Mohammed V University, Rabat, Morocco, Ibork Hind ,   Physiology and Physiopathology Team, Faculty of Sciences, Genomic of Human Pathologies Research Centre, Mohammed V University, Rabat, Morocco, Diria Ghizlane ,   National Institute of Agricultural Research (INRA), BP 6356, Rabat, Morocco, Bakhy Khadija ,   National Institute of Agricultural Research (INRA), BP 6356, Rabat, Morocco, Bchitou Rahma ,   Faculty of Sciences, Nanostructures Laboratory, Process Engineering and Environment, center of materials science, Mohammed V University, Rabat, Morocco
Published: June 2021

Leaf mineral composition reflects the complex interaction between soil, climate, and plant genetic and epigenetic background in terms of organic and inorganic composition. The present study aimed to evaluate the effect of seven soil compositions on the mineral contents of Strawberry leaves (Arbutus unedo) under Moroccan conditions. The obtained results demonstrated a significant positive correlation between the soil nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium levels and their levels in the Strawberry plant leaves. Also, a positive relation was reported between the soil organic matter and the level of manganese and phosphorus in leaves. Moreover, a significant negative correlation was demonstrated between the soil organic matter and the plant pH level. These correlations were confirmed by the principal component analysis (PCA) which demonstrated the presence of three principal components accounting for 54.42% of the total variations, reflecting the important proportions of the various patterns of mineral and organic traits among accessions. In PCA, the most discriminative traits were clustered in PC1 and PC2. These findings may highlight the specific mineral needs for the A. unedo plant for its optimal cultivation and subsequent domestication in Morocco.
AUTOTOXIC EFFECT OF Anagyris foetida L. ALKALOIDS CONTENT
Authors:   Al-Nissour University College, Al-Nisour University, Baghdad, Iraq, Ezzat Samar Emad
Published: June 2021

The present study aimed to evaluate the autotoxic effect of Anagyrus foetida root, flower, and leaves alkaloids on the seed germination and growth of the same species. The pot experiment was conducted for three concentrations i.e. 4, 8, and 12% of aqueous extracts of root, flower, and leaves. Further, the seed and leaves were evaluated for their alkaloids content i.e. cytisine, aporphine, and anagyrine by high-performance liquid chromatography. The results of the study suggested that seed treated by 4% root extract showed a decrease in aporphine, cytisine, and anagyrine. While the seed treated with the flower and leaves extract (12%) showed a lower concentration of all three alkaloids as compared to untreated control. While a mixture of all three parts extracts at 4% concentration showed a minimum concentration of aporphine, cytisine, and anagyrine alkaloids in the treated seeds. Anagyrus foetida roots effectively secret allelopathic compounds which inhibit A. foetida plant germination and growth. The allelopathy effect of plants can be studied in the integrated management of poisonous plants. Results of the study suggested that the farmers should not repeat the A. foetida plantation continue two successive years.
La vecindad civil como punto de conexión ante la creciente complejidad del sistema plurilegislativo español: balance y perspectivas de futuro
Authors: Álvarez Rubio Juan José
Published: June 2021

l ordenamiento jurídico español se ubica en el grupo de los calificados como complejos o plurilegislativos, caracterizado por la convivencia de diversos sistemas legislativos territoriales y por la presencia en su seno de conflictos internos de carácter interregional e interlocal. El análisis de la función que la vecindad civil desempeña como punto de conexión dentro del sistema conflictual interno español suscita el debate acerca de las técnicas normativas que el legislador debe emplear para responder a la creciente complejidad de este sector. La pluralidad interna es también objeto de creciente atención y regulación normativa en el plano europeo y en el bloque normativo convencional/internacional. Urge por ello acometer la reforma de este sector de nuestro ordenamiento, teniendo presente una perspectiva basada en la obligada hibridación de tres dimensiones (constitucional, jurídico-privada europea e interna) para poder fundamentar el establecimiento de un conjunto coherente de normas que proporcionen seguridad jurídica al sistema.
La doble dimensión del derecho a la vivienda en el ámbito privado: objeto especialmente protegido y límite del derecho de propiedad
Authors: Anderson Miriam
Published: June 2021

A raíz de la crisis inmobiliaria y financiera se han ido aprobando normas estatales y autonómicas que, sin una visión estructural clara, perfilan la dimensión dual con la que el derecho a la vivienda permea la protección del derecho de propiedad frente a (ciertos) acreedores y, por otro lado, delimita este derecho, estableciendo nuevos límites a su ejercicio ordinario. En ambos casos, la tensión con el derecho a la tutela judicial efectiva es evidente. El presente trabajo proporciona una aproximación a las normas estatales y autonómicas que más inciden en estas líneas, para proponer, como una herramienta más, controles de proporcionalidad que eviten soluciones mecánicas.
Proses Pendirian Radio Komunitas Suara Edukasi oleh Universitas Muhammadiyah Yogyakarta di Kulon Progo di Masa Pandemi Covid-19
Authors: Dominica Lia , Fauziah Laila , Pramesti Anggita Indah
Published: June 2021

Radio Suara Edukasi merupakan bagian dari program Lembaga Penelitian, Publikasi dan Pengabdian Masyarakat (LP3M) yang dilakukan Universitas Muhammadiyah Yogyakarta melalui kegiatan Kuliah Kerja Nyata (KKN). Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui bagaimana proses pendirian radio komunitas suara edukasi oleh Kuliah Kerja Nyata Universitas Muhammadiyah Yogayakarta di Kulon Progo. Metode penelitian yang digunakan dalam penilitian ini adalah studi kasus. Teknik pengumpulan data dengan wawancara dan observasi. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bagaimana proses pendirian radio yang dilakukan oleh KKN Universitas Muhammadiyah Yogyakarta di masa pandemi Covid 19. Radio yang didirikan oleh kelompok KKN Universitas Muhammadiyah Yogyakarta diberi nama Radio Suara Edukasi, dimana radio ini menyiarkan materi pendidikan melalui audio yang sudah di rekam dan juga melalui tahap editing, kemudian disebarluaskan melalui aplikasi atau streaming. Radio Suara Edukasi merupakan radio komunitas dikarenakan hanya akan digunakan untuk kepentingan siswa di sekolah-sekolah dari TK, SD sampai SMP di daerah Kokap Kulon Progo.
YouTube Approach Sebagai Media Pembelajaran Komunikasi Digital Preschool di Masa Pandemi Covid-19
Authors: Aqila Fathima , Ardina Mega
Published: June 2021

Media sosial memudahkan manusia untuk berkomunikasi dengan manusia lain dan mendapatkan informasi dari berbagai bidang seperti politik, sosial, ekonomi, kesehatan, bahkan pendidikan. Pada pergantian tahun 2019 hingga 2020, aktivitas manusia dilakukan secara online akibat munculnya penyakit virus corona (Covid-19). Pembelajaran juga dilakukan dengan menggunakan metode online atau online agar proses belajar mengajar tetap berjalan. Peschool SC Club menggunakan YouTube sebagai media pembelajaran di masa pandemi. Kemandirian anak tetap menjadi prioritas utama dan peran YouTube sangat penting sebagai media pembelajaran. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui peran penting YouTube terhadap kemandirian anak di PAUD SC Club Wonosobo. Metode penelitian ini menggunakan deskriptif kualitatif, menyajikan dan mengetahui secara mendalam faktor-faktor yang mempengaruhi penelitian. Pengumpulan data diperoleh dari observasi ke lokasi penelitian, serta wawancara dengan beberapa orang tua dan guru SC Klab. Kesimpulan dari penelitian ini adalah penggunaan youtube terhadap kemandirian anak dipengaruhi oleh rasa percaya diri anak prasekolah seperti yang ditunjukkan dengan tampil di depan umum sejak dini tingkat kreativitas anak prasekolah meningkat yang ditunjukkan dengan menuangkan ide kreatifnya ke dalam tugas, penyampaian materi melalui youtube dengan cara yang menarik memberikan motivasi untuk giat belajar yang ditunjukkan dengan kesiapan anak setiap kali pembelajaran dimulai , anak-anak prasekolah dapat beradaptasi dengan pembelajaran online/menggunakan youtube yang ditunjukkan dengan antusiasme anak-anak saat pembelajaran berlangsung.
Determinan Fraud Dana Desa: Pengujian Elemen Fraud Hexagon, Machiavellian, dan Love of Money
Authors: Suryandari Erni , Pratama Lisdi Valentin
Published: June 2021

Latar Belakang: Maraknya kasus Fraud di Indonesia dari tahun ke tahun yang merambah hingga ke Desa.Tujuan: Untuk menganalisis pengaruh Tekanan, Kesempatan, Rasionalisasi, Kompetensi, Arogansi, Kolusi, Sifat Machiavellian, dan Sifat Love of Money terhadap Fraud Pengelolaan Dana Desa serta Religiusitas sebagai pemoderasi variabel Rasionalisasi, Sifat Machiavellian, dan Sifat Love of Money terhadap Fraud Pengelolaan Dana Desa.Metode Penelitian: Sampel penelitian ini adalah aparatur pemerintah desa dalam lingkup pemerintahan desa di Daerah Istimewa Yogyakarta yang berjumlah 203 orang. Jenis data yang digunakan adalah data primer. Penelitian ini menghasilkan sebelas hipotesis yang diukur dengan alat analisis SEM-PLS menggunakan aplikasi SmartPLS v3.3.2.Hasil Penelitian: Menunjukkan bahwa Tekanan, Rasionalisasi, Kompetensi, Arogansi, dan Sifat Machiavellian berpengaruh positif terhadap Fraud Pengelolaan Dana Desa. Sedangkan Kesempatan dan Sifat Love of Money tidak berpengaruh terhadap Fraud Pengelolaan Dana Desa. Sedangkan Religiusitas terbukti memperlemah pengaruh positif sifat Machiavellian terhadap Fraud Pengelolaan Dana Desa, namun tidak mampu memperlemah pengaruh positif Rasionalisasi dan Sifat Love of Money terhadap Fraud Pengelolaan Dana Desa.Keterbatasan Penelitian: (1)Terdapat beberapa item pernyataan kuesioner yang terkadang dapat menyebabkan bias; (2)Menggunakan model teori Fraud Hexagon yang masih tergolong baru, sehingga referensi pembanding masih sangat minim; (3) Terdapat beberapa akses jalan saat pendistribusian kuesioner yang tergolong sedikit berisiko; dan (4) Terdapat pandemik Covid-19 yang menghambat pendistribusian kuesioner.Keaslian/Novetly Penelitian: Penelitian ini menggunakan pendekatan teori Fraud Hexagon yang masih jarang digunakan. Kemudian untuk penambahan variabel Sifat Machiavellian, dan Sifat Love of Money belum pernah digunakan untuk meneliti faktor-faktor yang mempengaruhi Fraud Pengelolaan Dana Desa.
Endodontic management of Type-2 and Type-3 C-shaped root canal system in mandibular second molars: A case series
Authors: Agarwal Kishan , Nazia Sheikh , Ali Samia , Singh Samant Praveen , Marvaniya Jaydip
Published: June 2021

The most common anatomical variation of the root canal system is a C-shaped root canal conﬁguration and exists mostly in mandibular second molars, but may be found also in other teeth. Because of the broad spectrum of canal conﬁgurations, management of C-shaped canals is challenging for clinicians in diagnosis, shaping, cleaning and obturation. First case of c-shaped canal was documented in literature by Cooke and Cox in 1979. In this case series, we present the management of C-shaped canal configuration in mandibular second molars.
Assessment and comparison of clinico-microbiological efficacy of moxifloxacin plus vancomycin combined therapy with fortified vancomycin in bacterial keratitis
Authors: Abdullah Ahmad , Askari S N , Ahmad Shamim , Alvi Yasir
Published: June 2021

To assess and compare clinico-microbiological efficacy of Moxifloxacin (0.5%) plus Vancomycin (2.5%) combined therapy to Fortified Vancomycin (5%) in bacterial keratitis.

The present study was conducted on patients who visited eye OPD, J.N.M.C.H and Gandhi Eye Hospital, Aligarh. Patientsiwith bacterial keratitis were diagnosed and included in the study. Right eyes were instilled moxifloxacin plus vancomycin combination therapy and Left eyes were instilled fortified vancomycin. Microbiological results were recorded on first visit and on follow up visits during course of treatment.

Total of 32 patients were included in the study. At first visit, only 8 cases were positive for bacterial culture with coagulase negative Staphylococcus (CoNS) being the most common organisms. All the smears became negative in first follow-up (7th day) in both the groups. No significant difference were found in clinical and microbiological study outcome betweenthe two-study groups.

We conclude that both the drugs, i.e. moxifloxacin (0.5%) plus vancomycin (2.5%) combined therapy and fortified vancomycin (5%) had good efficiency clinically and in microbial elimination in cases of bacterial keratitis with equivalent outcome.
Comparative study on incidence of posterior vitreous detachment (PVD) between conventional and femtosecond laser-assisted laser in situ keratomileusis (LASIK)
Authors: Chaitanya S Ravi , Ravindran Meenakshi , Venugopal Anitha
Published: June 2021

To compare incidence of posterior vitreous detachment (PVD) in patients after microkeratome and femtosecond laser-assisted laser in situ keratomileusis (LASIK) using ultrasound B-scan.

Prospective, non-randomised, comparative and interventional hospital based study.

This study was performed on 138 eyes of 69 patients, 64 eyes in microkeratome group and 74 eyes in femtosecond laser group for a period of 10 months from December 2017 to October 2018. The mean age of patients in microkeratome group was 23.34 years and in femtosecond laser group was 23.19 years. All patients in both the groups underwent one of the two procedure. Patients were assessed for subjective and objective refraction, presence of PVD, subjective complaints of floaters and axial length changes at each visit.

At 1 week and 1 month postoperative period there was no PVD in either of the groups and none of the patients complained about disturbing floaters. At one week postoperative period, 17 eyes (26.5%) in microkeratome group and 22 eyes (29.6%) in femtosecond laser group had residual refraction ranging from -0.25D to -0.75D. The changes in axial length following surgery was 0.08 ± 0.08mm in microkeratome group and 0.1 ± 0.07mm in femtosecond laser group at one month.

Our study did not demonstrate any difference between both the procedures with respect to posterior segment complications. Patients in our study are relatively younger compared to other studies and hence, age of the patient undergoing LASIK may affect the incidence of PVD.

Both microkeratome assisted LASIK and femtosecond assisted LASIK were comparable with respect to posterior segment complications. The mean age of patients in this study is assumed to have an effect on outcome. Whereas axial length, power of the eye, procedure opted did not significantly have any impact on outcome. A larger population with longer follow up is needed in Indian population to conclude our results.
To evaluate effect of intraocular pressure control on central corneal thickness, horizontal corneal diameter and axial length in primary congenital glaucoma
Authors: Tank Gunjan P , Prajapati Kamini M , Bhatt Rupal , Chauhan Amita , Mansuri Mariam , Goel Nikita
Published: June 2021

To evaluate the effect of intraocular pressure (IOP) on central corneal thickness (CCT), horizontal corneal diameter (HCD), axial length (AL) in patients with primary congenital glaucoma (PCG) after antiglaucoma surgery.

In this hospital based interventional study 36 patients (66 eyes) of PCG who underwent antiglaucoma surgery were included in the study. For each patient visual acuity, anterior and posterior segment examination, IOP, AL, CCT, HCD and refraction (in clear media) were recorded pre and post operatively (3 weeks, 3 months, 6 months). B scan ultrasonography was done to measure AL and to rule out posterior segment pathology. Surgery was performed by a glaucoma expert (by a single surgeon).

Bilateral involvement was present in 83.33% with the most common symptom being photophobia and watering (30.56% each). The mean IOP, CCT, HCD, VCD and AL before surgery were 26.88+/-2.78 mmHg, 614.38+/-89.41 µ, 14.41+/-1.26mm, 13.19+/-1.46mm and 24.78+/-2.21mm and at 6 months were 13.85+/-1.93 mmHg, 548.56+/-63.13 µ, 14.62+/-0.49 mm, 13.34+/-1.10 mm and 25.73+/-1.36mm respectively. 59.1% of the patients had corneal clearing at 6 months.

Control of IOP affects various parameters of eye like CCT, HCD and AL. Early surgery is the definitive line of management for controlling IOP in PCG patients.
Etiological factors & microbiological characteristics of infectious keratitis in western Maharashtra
Authors: Mohan Madhuvanthi , Magdum Renu , Kaul Sucheta , Desai Chaitali , Cardoza Namratha Judith , Mohan Madhuvanthi
Published: June 2021

To identify the etiological factors and study the microbiological characteristics of infectious keratitis in Western Maharashtra.

This was a prospective observational hospital‐based study conducted at the Department of Ophthalmology, at a tertiary care hospital, in a part of central India. Data related to socioeconomic status and etiological factors was collected. Results were analyzed on the basis of history, slit lamp examination, microbiological scraping and culture results.

During the period of September 2018 to August 2020, a total of 60 patients with infectious keratitis were examined in the Ophthalmology OPD. Majority of patients of infectious keratitis were between 61 and 70 (18.33%) age group. Incidence in male was higher (68%) than female. Ocular trauma was the most common etiological factor (52%). Prevalence of Fungal keratitis (52%) was higher than bacterial (46%) in this part of India. 57% subjects showed organism on Gram staining. 53% subjects showed KOH positivity. 68.3% showed growth over microbiological culture with the most common species isolated as Fusarium species (26.6%) followed by Pseudomonas aeruginosa.

Incidence of fungal keratitis is higher in this part of Western Maharashtra. Most common etiological factor was determined to be trauma with vegetative matter among farmers which tells us that they are most prone for infectious keratitis. Prompt diagnosis, microbiological scraping, culture growth identification and starting on appropriate treatment can help reduce the morbidity of corneal ulcers.
Systemic co-morbidities in patients undergoing cataract surgery
Authors: Modak Swapnil N , Mishrikotkar Jyotika P , Thakre Snehal R , Gadekar Sarika A
Published: June 2021

Cataract is most common cause of blindness in the world. As it is an age related change, it is usually associated with other systemic illness.

To assess the presence of systemic co morbidities found during routine preoperative evaluation in the patients undergoing cataract surgery at tertiary care hospital.

Interventional study included patients attending the ophthalmology outpatient department who were operated for cataract surgery between Jun. 2019 and May. 2020 at tertiary health care centre.

Out of 412 patients 147 (35.68%) had systemic co-morbidity and 66 had a presence of both systemic and ocular co-morbidity. Out of 147 patients with systemic co-morbidity hypertension was found in 79 (53.74%) patients while 47 (31.97%) presented with Diabetes Mellitus. Bronchial asthma and Ischemic heart disease was observed in 19 (12.93%) patients followed by stroke in 8 (5.44%) patients.

Presence of systemic comorbidity increase the number of investigations needed for fitness of the patient for cataract surgery. Also it can cause intra operative complication and may affect surgical outcome.
Pengaruh Lalu-Lintas Kereta Api dan Shift Jaga di Era Pandemi Covid-19 Terhadap Persepsi dari Penjaga Perlintasan Kereta Api (PJL) di Wilayah Kerja Daerah Operasi (DAOP) 1 JAKARTA
Authors: Oktaria Dhina Setyo
Published: June 2021

Penjaga perlintasan kereta api atau yang biasa disebut PJL adalah orang yang bersinggungan dengan keselamatan perkeretaapian di pintu perlintasan kereta api. Di era pandemik covid-19 PT KAI selaku penyelenggara perkeretaapian membatasi jumlah kereta api yang beroperasi. Penelitian ini membahas tentang lalu-lintas kereta api dan shift jaga di era pandemik covid-19 apakah mempengaruhi persepsi kinerja PJL di wilayah kerja. Daop 1 Jakarta.  Metode penelitian berupa metode kuantitatif dan kualitatif dimana kuesioner yang disebarkan kepada PJL di wilayah kerja Daop 1 Jakarta menggunakan skala likert dengan nilai antara 1, 2 dan 3 dan di olah dengan SPSS 25. Pertanyaan di kuesioner di uji validitas dan reliabilitasnya. Analisis yang digunakan berupa Regresi linier berganda, Dilakukan uji klasik antara lain uji regresi distribusi normal, uji multikoliniearitas tolerance dan VIF, uji heteroskedastisitas dan uji autokorelasi Durbin Watson. Jumlah responden sebanyak 190 orang responden dengan teknik sampling teknik non-probability sampling berupa accidental sampling. Uji F Simultan jika nilai sig 0.05 Dimana signifikansi 0,000 0,05 maka variabel independent yaitu lalu-lintas kereta api (X1) dan shift jaga (X2) secara simultan berpengaruh terhadap persepsi (Y) atau variabel dependent. Uji F simultan jika nilai F hitung F dimana F hitung = 15,683 lebih besar daripada F tabel 3,04 artinya lalu-lintas kereta api (X1) dan shift jaga (X2) secara simultan berpengaruh terhadap persepsi (Y) dengan nilai 14,4%.Kata kunci : Persepsi, Penjaga perlintasan kereta api, Daerah Operasi 1 Jakarta, lalu-lintas kereta api, shift jaga
Teaching Borders: A Model Arising from Israeli Geography Education
Authors: Yaar Tal
Published: June 2021

Teaching the topic of a country’s borders can be challenging. This is especially the case in Israel, where not all the state’s borders are agreed: there are internal disagreements between parties on the ground and external disagreements between parts of the international community and the State of Israel. A border, the very symbol of stability and consistency, contains mixed and contradictory aspects; the borders are not always well defined and, for many people, sensitive and contentious subjects. Therefore, teachers often avoid or feel uncomfortable teaching the topic, even though they know well its importance. This study examines existing curricula and textbooks used to teach the topic in Israeli high schools, and develops a picture of teachers’ perceptions of teaching the topic through qualitative research. On this basis, the paper proposes a training model that addresses both the social and emotional side of the subject and the historical and political knowledge required to teach it. The purpose of the model is to better equip and enrich teachers to take on the task while minimizing fear of encountering or provoking adverse reactions. The teacher’s role is to expose students to different perspectives and positions, so students can begin to assess the problematic and complex nature of the topic in general and Israel’s borders in particular.
Leila: Exposing the Borders Within
Authors: Tripathi Dhananjay
Published: June 2021

Review of the Indian Netflix series Leila (a border dystopia).
Bucolic Borders from the Mediterranean to Central Asia, 2000-2017
Authors: Cayol François
Published: June 2021

In this portfolio, François Cayol's drawings depict bucolic borderlands, accented by the artists narrative experiences.