bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Orolingual angioedema to alteplase. Identify, counsel and monitor at risk patients
Authors: Timmis Christopher , Epstein Elliot , Salim Mohmad
Published: September 2016

Orolingual angioedema (OLA) is a known complication of intravenous alteplase used to treat ischaemic stroke. The incidence may be as high as 5.1%. ACE inhibitors are thought to increase the risk of developing this potentially life-threatening complication. This case report demonstrates how we may improve in the identification of risk factors in the history; the counselling of patients appropriately; in seeking alternative therapies such as mechanical thrombectomy; and in the monitoring of patients for signs of OLA once alteplase has been given.
ANCA-negative eosinophilic granulomatosis with polyangitis (EGPA) manifesting as a large intracardiac thrombus and glomerulonephritis with angionecrosis
Authors: Saito Yuichi , Okada Sho , Funabashi Nobusada , Kobayashi Yoshio
Published: September 2016

A 59-year-old woman with a history of bronchial asthma presented with a prolonged fever and eosinophilia. There was transient proteinuria and troponin level was elevated. Antineutrophil cytoplasmic antibody was negative and she did not fulfil criteria for eosinophilic granulomatosis with polyangitis (EGPA). Echocardiography showed a large apical mass in the left ventricle, but there was no systolic dysfunction, local asynergy or ventricular remodelling. On MRI, apical mass was compatible with a thrombus and endocardial region was diffusely damaged. Loeffler endocarditis-like cardiac manifestation led to meticulous examination, which found no aetiology for eosinophilia. Finally, renal biopsy revealed eosinophil infiltration and glomerular angionecrosis, confirming as EGPA. This case highlights the isolated large cardiac thrombus as a rare presenting sign for EGPA and underscores current complicated strategy to diagnose EGPA. Of note, this clinical challenge was mostly caused by inchoate comprehension of hypereosinophilia-related disorders.
The case for duality violations in the analysis of hadronic τ decays
Authors: Peris Santiago , Boito Diogo , Golterman Maarten , Maltman Kim
Published: September 2016

In this review, we discuss why, in the determination of [Formula: see text] from hadronic [Formula: see text] decays, two important assumptions made in most of previous analyses, namely the neglect of higher-dimension condensates and of duality violations (DVs), have introduced uncontrolled systematic errors into this determination. Although the use of pinched weights is usually offered as a justification of these assumptions, we explain why it is not possible to simultaneously suppress these two contributions; particularly since the Operator Product Expansion (OPE) is expected to be an asymptotic, rather than a convergent expansion. There is not only experimental and theoretical evidence for DVs but they also affect the extraction of [Formula: see text].
Dynamical variables and evolution of the universe
Authors: Bhatti M. Zaeem-ul-Haq , Yousaf Z.
Published: September 2016

One of the striking feature of inhomogeneous matter distribution under the effects of fourth-order gravity and electromagnetic field have been discussed in this manuscript. We have considered a compact spherical celestial star undergoing expansion due to the presence of higher curvature invariants of [Formula: see text] gravity and imperfect fluid. We have explored the dynamical equations and field equations in [Formula: see text] gravity. An explicit expression have been found for Weyl tensor and material variables under the dark dynamical effects. Using a viable [Formula: see text] model, some dynamical variables have been explored from splitting the Riemann curvature tensor. These dark dynamical variables are also studied for charged dust cloud with and without the constraint of constant Ricci scalar.
MIXED MULTIFRACTAL ANALYSIS FOR FUNCTIONS: GENERAL UPPER BOUND AND OPTIMAL RESULTS FOR VECTORS OF SELF-SIMILAR OR QUASI-SELF-SIMILAR OF FUNCTIONS AND THEIR SUPERPOSITIONS
Authors: BEN SLIMANE MOURAD , BEN MABROUK ANOUAR , AOUIDI JAMIL
Published: September 2016

Mixed multifractal analysis for functions studies the Hölder pointwise behavior of more than one single function. For a vector [Formula: see text] of [Formula: see text] functions, with [Formula: see text], we are interested in the mixed Hölder spectrum, which is the Hausdorff dimension of the set of points for which each function [Formula: see text] has exactly a given value [Formula: see text] of pointwise Hölder regularity. We will conjecture a formula which relates the mixed Hölder spectrum to some mixed averaged wavelet quantities of [Formula: see text]. We will prove an upper bound valid for any vector of uniform Hölder functions. Then we will prove the validity of the conjecture for self-similar vectors of functions, quasi-self-similar vectors and their superpositions. These functions are written as the superposition of similar structures at different scales, reminiscent of some possible modelization of turbulence or cascade models. Their expressions look also like wavelet decompositions.
A MODIFIED DECOMPRESSION AND BONE GRAFT TECHNIQUE FOR THE TREATMENT OF AVASCULAR NECROSIS OF THE FEMORAL HEAD
Authors: Shehadeh Ahmad M. , El Al Samer Abed , Ja’far Ahmad , Salem Ahmad , Shahin Imad Abo , Albtoush Omar M.
Published: September 2016

Objectives: Avascular necrosis (AVN) of the femoral head is a pathologic process resulting from interruption of blood supply to bone. The aim of this paper is to describe the technical aspects and outcome of a modified technique of core decompression and bone graft injection for the treatment of AVNFH. Methods: A total of 20 patients (26 femoral head AVN) Ficat stage I to early III were treated using core decompression kit followed by injection with bone graft material. Nine hips were stage III, 16 stage II and 1 stage I. Average operative time was 25[Formula: see text]min. Results: At a median follow-up of 48 months, 20 hips (77%) had almost complete pain relief while pain persisted in 6 hips (23%). All patients who demonstrated clinical response exhibited radiological stabilization of disease. The mean Harris hip score for all patients’ prior and following surgery were 41 and 85, respectively ([Formula: see text]). Conclusions: Femur head decompression using core decompression kit followed by bone substitute injection can result in long-term pain relief and prevent progression of AVN in the majority of patients.
Synthesis, Structural and Optical Properties of Cobalt Doped CuO Nanoparticles
Authors: Ponnarasan V. , Krishnan A.
Published: September 2016

A simple solvothermal microwave irradiation (SMI) route was used first time for the preparation of pure and different concentrations of cobalt (Co) doped CuO nanocrystals. The structure, morphology and composition of the as-synthesized nanocrystals were investigated by X-ray powder diffraction (XRD), Field emission scanning electron microscopy (FESEM) and Energy dispersive X-ray spectral (EDX) analysis. The XRD results confirmed the formation of the single phase monoclinic structure of pure and doped CuO with average crystallite sizes in the range of 10–16[Formula: see text]nm. The surface morphology of the Co doped CuO nanocrystals did not show much change following the increasing concentration of doping. The EDX analysis showed that the atomic percentage of Cu decreases with the increasing dopant (Co) concentrations, which have proved that the Cu atoms have successfully replaced their Co counterparts as dopant. The optical absorption properties were determined by a UV-Vis spectral analysis and the results showed that the as-prepared pure and Co doped CuO nanoparticles have a larger bandgap values in the range of 2.804–3.193[Formula: see text]eV. A strong and sharp photoluminescence (PL) emission at 300[Formula: see text]nm excitation wavelength is reported from the prepared nanoparticles. The results show that the pure and doped CuO nanoparticles have high dispersion and narrow size distribution.
Classification of real low-dimensional Jacobi (generalized)–Lie bialgebras
Authors: Rezaei-Aghdam A. , Sephid M.
Published: September 2016

We describe the definition of Jacobi (generalized)–Lie bialgebras [Formula: see text] in terms of structure constants of the Lie algebras [Formula: see text] and [Formula: see text] and components of their 1-cocycles [Formula: see text] and [Formula: see text] in the basis of the Lie algebras. Then, using adjoint representations and automorphism Lie groups of Lie algebras, we give a method for classification of real low-dimensional Jacobi–Lie bialgebras. In this way, we obtain and classify real two- and three-dimensional Jacobi–Lie bialgebras.
Making outcrops relevant for an unconventional source rock play: an example from the Eagle Ford Group of Texas
Authors: Donovan Arthur D.
Published: September 2016

The utility of outcrops to geoscientists working the subsurface is typically limited by provincial nomenclature, outcrop-based lithostratigraphic subdivisions, which commonly differ in name and numbers among researchers, and often a basic indifference to the subsurface stratigraphy. In the subsurface of South Texas, the Eagle Ford Group is commonly divided into an organic-rich Lower Eagle Formation and a carbonate-rich Upper Eagle Ford Formation. In contrast, coeval strata that crop out nearby in West Texas are traditionally referred to as the Boquillas Formation. Adding further complexity to the outcrop stratigraphy is that previous workers divided the Boquillas into two to five informal lithostratigraphic units whose names and boundaries differ among researchers. By convolving information from a handheld gamma ray spectrometer, outcrop geochemical data and sequence stratigraphy, the Lower and Upper Eagle formations, as defined in the subsurface of South Texas, can now be defined in the coeval Eagle Ford Group outcrops of West Texas. Integrating basic geochemical and petrophysical data to the updated stratigraphy on these outcrops was transformative. By doing this, these West Texas exposures became portals to examine, as well as explain and predict, the distribution and thickness variations of specific chronostratigraphic units that are critical to the economic success of exploiting the Eagle Group across the unconventional source rock play fairway in South Texas.
Hierarchical Statistical Leakage Analysis and Its Application
Authors: Xu Yang , Teich Jürgen
Published: September 2016

In this article, we investigate a hierarchical statistical leakage analysis (HSLA) design flow where module-level statistical leakage models supplied by IP vendors are used to improve the efficiency and capacity of SoC statistical leakage power analysis. To solve the challenges of incorporating spatial correlations between IP modules at system level, we first propose a method to extract correlation-inclusive leakage models. Then a method to handle the spatial correlations at system level is proposed. Using this method, the runtime of system statistical leakage analysis (SLA) can be significantly improved without disclosing the netlists of the IP modules. Experimental results demonstrate that the proposed HSLA method is about 100 times faster than gate-level full-chip SLA methods while maintaining the accuracy. In addition, we also investigate one application of this HSLA method, a leakage-yield-driven floorplanning framework, to demonstrate the benefits of such an HSLA method in practice. Moreover, an optimized hierarchical leakage analysis method dedicated to the floorplanning framework is proposed. The effectiveness of the floorplanning framework and the optimized method are confirmed by extensive experimental results.
Probabilistic Model Checking for Uncertain Scenario-Aware Data Flow
Authors: Katoen Joost-Pieter , Wu Hao
Published: September 2016

The Scenario-Aware Dataflow (SADF) model is based on concurrent actors that interact via channels. It combines streaming data and control to capture scenarios while incorporating hard and soft real-time aspects. To model data-flow computations that are subject to uncertainty, SADF models are equipped with random primitives. We propose to use probabilistic model checking to analyze uncertain SADF models. We show how measures such as expected time, long-run objectives like throughput, as well as timed reachability—can a given system configuration be reached within a deadline with high probability?—can be automatically determined. The crux of our method is a
compositional
semantics of SADF with exponential agent execution times combined with
automated abstraction
techniques akin to partial-order reduction. We present the semantics in detail and show how it accommodates the incorporation of execution platforms, enabling the analysis of energy consumption. The feasibility of our approach is illustrated by analyzing several quantitative measures of an MPEG-4 decoder and an industrial face recognition application.
Adding Physical Objects to an Interactive Game Improves Learning and Enjoyment
Authors: Yannier Nesra , Hudson Scott E. , Wiese Eliane Stampfer , Koedinger Kenneth R.
Published: September 2016

Can experimenting with three-dimensional (3D) physical objects in mixed-reality environments produce better learning and enjoyment than flat-screen two-dimensional (2D) interaction? We explored this question with EarthShake: a mixed-reality game bridging physical and virtual worlds via depth-camera sensing, designed to help children learn basic physics principles. In this paper, we report on a controlled experiment with 67 children, 4--8 years old, that examines the effect of observing physical phenomena and collaboration (pairs vs. solo). A follow-up experiment with 92 children tests whether adding simple physical control, such as shaking a tablet, improves learning and enjoyment. Our results indicate that observing physical phenomena in the context of a mixed-reality game leads to significantly more learning and enjoyment compared to screen-only versions. However, there were no significant effects of adding simple physical control or having students play in pairs vs. alone. These results and our gesture analysis provide evidence that children's science learning can be enhanced through experiencing physical phenomena in a mixed-reality environment.
Selective head cooling during neonatal seizures prevents postictal cerebral vascular dysfunction without reducing epileptiform activity
Authors: Harsono Mimily , Pourcyrous Massroor , Jolly Elliott J. , de Jongh Curry Amy , Fedinec Alexander L. , Liu Jianxiong , Basuroy Shyamali , Zhuang Daming , Leffler Charles W. , Parfenova Helena
Published: September 2016

Epileptic seizures in neonates cause cerebrovascular injury and impairment of cerebral blood flow (CBF) regulation. In the bicuculline model of seizures in newborn pigs, we tested the hypothesis that selective head cooling prevents deleterious effects of seizures on cerebral vascular functions. Preventive or therapeutic ictal head cooling was achieved by placing two head ice packs during the preictal and/or ictal states, respectively, for the ∼2-h period of seizures. Head cooling lowered the brain and core temperatures to 25.6 ± 0.3 and 33.5 ± 0.1°C, respectively. Head cooling had no anticonvulsant effects, as it did not affect the bicuculline-evoked electroencephalogram parameters, including amplitude, duration, spectral power, and spike frequency distribution. Acute and long-term cerebral vascular effects of seizures in the normothermic and head-cooled groups were tested during the immediate (2–4 h) and delayed (48 h) postictal periods. Seizure-induced cerebral vascular injury during the immediate postictal period was detected as terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase-mediated dUTP nick-end labeling-positive staining of cerebral arterioles and a surge of brain-derived circulating endothelial cells in peripheral blood in the normothermic group, but not in the head-cooled groups. During the delayed postictal period, endothelium-dependent cerebral vasodilator responses were greatly reduced in the normothermic group, indicating impaired CBF regulation. Preventive or therapeutic ictal head cooling mitigated the endothelial injury and greatly reduced loss of postictal cerebral vasodilator functions. Overall, head cooling during seizures is a clinically relevant approach to protecting the neonatal brain by preventing cerebrovascular injury and the loss of the endothelium-dependent control of CBF without reducing epileptiform activity.
Structural and Functional Characterization of Recombinant Interleukin-10 from Indian Major CarpLabeo rohita
Authors: Karan Sweta , Dash Pujarini , Kaushik Himani , Sahoo Pramoda K. , Garg Lalit C. , Dixit Aparna
Published: September 2016

Interleukin-10, an important regulator of both the innate and adaptive immune systems, is a multifunctional major cytokine. Though it is one of the major cytokines, IL-10 from the Indian major carp,Labeo rohita,has not yet been characterized. In the present study, we report large scale production and purification of biologically active recombinant IL-10 ofL. rohita(rLrIL-10) using a heterologous expression system and its biophysical and functional characterization. High yield (~70 mg/L) of soluble rLrIL-10 was obtained at shake flask level. The rLrIL-10 was found to exist as a dimer. Far-UV CD spectroscopy showed presence of predominantly alpha helices. The tertiary structure of the purified rLrIL-10 was verified by fluorescence spectroscopy. Two-dimensional gel analysis revealed the presence of six isoforms of the rLrIL-10. The rLrIL-10 was biologically active and its administration significantly reduced serum proinflammatory cytokines, namely, interleukin 1β, TNFα, and IL-8, and augmented the NKEF transcript levels in spleen ofL. rohita. Anti-inflammatory role of the rLrIL-10 was further established by inhibition of phagocytosis using NBT reduction assayin vitro.The data indicate that the dimeric alpha helical structure and function of IL-10 ofL. rohitaas a key regulator of anti-inflammatory response have remained conserved during evolution.
Molecular Differences between Screen-Detected and Interval Breast Cancers Are Largely Explained by PAM50 Subtypes
Authors: Li Jingmei , Ivansson Emma , Klevebring Daniel , Tobin Nicholas P. , Lindström Linda Sofie , Holm Johanna , Prochazka Gabriela , Cristando Camilla , Palmgren Juni , Törnberg Sven , Humphreys Keith , Hartman Johan , Frisell Jan , Rantalainen Mattias , Lindberg Johan , Hall Per , Bergh Jonas , Grönberg Henrik , Czene Kamila
Published: September 2016

Purpose: Interval breast cancer is of clinical interest, as it exhibits an aggressive phenotype and evades detection by screening mammography. A comprehensive picture of somatic changes that drive tumors to become symptomatic in the screening interval can improve understanding of the biology underlying these aggressive tumors.

Experimental Design: Initiated in April 2013, Clinical Sequencing of Cancer in Sweden (Clinseq) is a scientific and clinical platform for the genomic profiling of cancer. The breast cancer pilot study consisted of women diagnosed with breast cancer between 2001 and 2012 in the Stockholm/Gotland regions. A subset of 307 breast tumors was successfully sequenced, of which 113 were screen-detected and 60 were interval cancers. We applied targeted deep sequencing of cancer-related genes; low-pass, whole-genome sequencing; and RNA sequencing technology to characterize somatic differences in the genomic and transcriptomic architecture by interval cancer status. Mammographic density and PAM50 molecular subtypes were considered.

Results: In the univariate analyses, TP53, PPP1R3A, and KMT2B were significantly more frequently mutated in interval cancers than in screen-detected cancers. Acquired somatic copy number aberrations with a frequency difference of at least 15% between the two groups included gains in 17q23-q25.3 and losses in 16q24.2. Gene expression analysis identified 447 significantly differentially expressed genes, of which 120 were replicated in an independent microarray dataset. After adjusting for PAM50, most differences were no longer significant.

Conclusions: Molecular differences by interval cancer status were observed, but they were largely explained by PAM50 subtypes. This work offers new insights into the biological differences between the two tumor groups. Clin Cancer Res; 23(10); 2584–92. ©2016 AACR.
Cell Panel Profiling Reveals Conserved Therapeutic Clusters and Differentiates the Mechanism of Action of Different PI3K/mTOR, Aurora Kinase and EZH2 Inhibitors
Authors: Uitdehaag Joost C.M. , de Roos Jeroen A.D.M. , Prinsen Martine B.W. , Willemsen-Seegers Nicole , de Vetter Judith R.F. , Dylus Jelle , van Doornmalen Antoon M. , Kooijman Jeffrey , Sawa Masaaki , van Gerwen Suzanne J.C. , de Man Jos , Buijsman Rogier C. , Zaman Guido J.R.
Published: September 2016

Cancer cell line panels are important tools to characterize the in vitro activity of new investigational drugs. Here, we present the inhibition profiles of 122 anticancer agents in proliferation assays with 44 or 66 genetically characterized cancer cell lines from diverse tumor tissues (Oncolines). The library includes 29 cytotoxics, 68 kinase inhibitors, and 11 epigenetic modulators. For 38 compounds this is the first comparative profiling in a cell line panel. By strictly maintaining optimized assay protocols, biological variation was kept to a minimum. Replicate profiles of 16 agents over three years show a high average Pearson correlation of 0.8 using IC50 values and 0.9 using GI50 values. Good correlations were observed with other panels. Curve fitting appears a large source of variation. Hierarchical clustering revealed 44 basic clusters, of which 26 contain compounds with common mechanisms of action, of which 9 were not reported before, including TTK, BET and two clusters of EZH2 inhibitors. To investigate unexpected clusterings, sets of BTK, Aurora and PI3K inhibitors were profiled in biochemical enzyme activity assays and surface plasmon resonance binding assays. The BTK inhibitor ibrutinib clusters with EGFR inhibitors, because it cross-reacts with EGFR. Aurora kinase inhibitors separate into two clusters, related to Aurora A or pan-Aurora selectivity. Similarly, 12 inhibitors in the PI3K/AKT/mTOR pathway separated into different clusters, reflecting biochemical selectivity (pan-PI3K, PI3Kβγδ-isoform selective or mTOR-selective). Of these, only allosteric mTOR inhibitors preferentially targeted PTEN-mutated cell lines. This shows that cell line profiling is an excellent tool for the unbiased classification of antiproliferative compounds. Mol Cancer Ther; 15(12); 3097–109. ©2016 AACR.
Height and Body Size in Childhood, Adolescence, and Young Adulthood and Breast Cancer Risk According to Molecular Subtype in the Nurses' Health Studies
Authors: Warner Erica T. , Hu Rong , Collins Laura C. , Beck Andrew H. , Schnitt Stuart , Rosner Bernard , Eliassen A. Heather , Michels Karin B. , Willett Walter C. , Tamimi Rulla M.
Published: September 2016

Height and body size in childhood and young adulthood have been consistently associated with breast cancer risk; whether associations differ across molecular subtypes is unclear. In a pooled analysis of the Nurses' Health Studies, we prospectively examined the association of four exposures: height, body mass index (BMI) at the age of 18 years, childhood and adolescent somatotypes, with breast cancer risk according to molecular subtypes defined by immunohistochemical markers. We used multivariable-adjusted Cox proportional hazards regression to estimate HRs and 95% confidence intervals (CI). We identified 2,983 luminal A, 1,281 luminal B, 318 HER2-enriched, 408 basal-like, and 128 unclassified tumors. Height was positively associated with all subtypes (Pheterogeneity = 0.78). BMI at the age of 18 (Pheterogeneity = 0.001), childhood (Pheterogeneity = 0.51), and adolescent somatotype (Pheterogeneity = 0.046) were inversely associated, but with differences in magnitude of association. BMI at the age of 18 of ≥25 kg/m2 (compared with 20–21.9 kg/m2) was associated with a 52% decreased risk of HER2-enriched (HR, 0.48; 95% CI, 0.26–0.91; Ptrend < 0.0001) and 39% reduced risk of basal-like tumors (HR, 0.61; 95% CI, 0.36–1.02; Ptrend = 0.008). Compared with the lowest category, women in the highest adolescent body size category were 71% less likely to develop HER2-enriched (HR, 0.29; 95% CI, 0.10–0.85; Ptrend = 0.0005) and 60% less likely to develop basal-like (HR, 0.40; 95% CI, 0.17–0.95; Ptrend = 0.0008). Height was positively associated with risk of all breast cancer molecular subtypes. BMI at 18 years and childhood and adolescent were inversely associated with risk of most breast cancer molecular subtypes with somewhat stronger associations with HER2-enriched and basal-like subtypes. Cancer Prev Res; 9(9); 732–8. ©2016 AACR.
Deep Sequencing of T-cell Receptor DNA as a Biomarker of Clonally Expanded TILs in Breast Cancer after Immunotherapy
Authors: Page David B. , Yuan Jianda , Redmond David , Wen Y Hanna , Durack Jeremy C. , Emerson Ryan , Solomon Stephen , Dong Zhiwan , Wong Phillip , Comstock Christopher , Diab Adi , Sung Janice , Maybody Majid , Morris Elizabeth , Brogi Edi , Morrow Monica , Sacchini Virgilio , Elemento Olivier , Robins Harlan , Patil Sujata , Allison James P. , Wolchok Jedd D. , Hudis Clifford , Norton Larry , McArthur Heather L.
Published: September 2016

In early-stage breast cancer, the degree of tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes (TIL) predicts response to chemotherapy and overall survival. Combination immunotherapy with immune checkpoint antibody plus tumor cryoablation can induce lymphocytic infiltrates and improve survival in mice. We used T-cell receptor (TCR) DNA sequencing to evaluate both the effect of cryoimmunotherapy in humans and the feasibility of TCR sequencing in early-stage breast cancer. In a pilot clinical trial, 18 women with early-stage breast cancer were treated preoperatively with cryoablation, single-dose anti–CTLA-4 (ipilimumab), or cryoablation + ipilimumab. TCRs within serially collected peripheral blood and tumor tissue were sequenced. In baseline tumor tissues, T-cell density as measured by TCR sequencing correlated with TIL scores obtained by hematoxylin and eosin (H&E) staining. However, tumors with little or no lymphocytes by H&E contained up to 3.6 × 106 TCR DNA sequences, highlighting the sensitivity of the ImmunoSEQ platform. In this dataset, ipilimumab increased intratumoral T-cell density over time, whereas cryoablation ± ipilimumab diversified and remodeled the intratumoral T-cell clonal repertoire. Compared with monotherapy, cryoablation plus ipilimumab was associated with numerically greater numbers of peripheral blood and intratumoral T-cell clones expanding robustly following therapy. In conclusion, TCR sequencing correlates with H&E lymphocyte scoring and provides additional information on clonal diversity. These findings support further study of the use of TCR sequencing as a biomarker for T-cell responses to therapy and for the study of cryoimmunotherapy in early-stage breast cancer. Cancer Immunol Res; 4(10); 835–44. ©2016 AACR.
Zeroing in on Tumor-Reactive TILs
Authors: Ohashi Pamela S.
Published: September 2016

Adoptive cell transfer of tumor-specific T cells provides an effective strategy for cancer immunotherapy. An article in this issue provides a novel approach to refine this technology by identifying tumor-reactive T cells based on frequency and PD-1 expression. Cancer Immunol Res; 4(9); 719. ©2016 AACR.

See article by Pasetto et al., p. 734.
Utilization of Flow Cytometry in Pediatric Fine-Needle Aspiration Biopsy Specimens
Authors: Silowash Russell , Pantanowitz Liron , Craig Fiona E. , Simons Jeffrey P. , Monaco Sara E.
Published: September 2016

Background: Fine-needle aspiration (FNA) coupled with flow cytometry (FC) can be helpful in suspicious pediatric lymph nodes or masses to exclude a lymphoproliferative disorder. The aim of this study was to analyze FC findings in a series of pediatric FNAs and to correlate abnormal findings with follow-up information. Materials and Methods: All pediatric FNAs performed at a tertiary-care children's hospital over a 46-month period that had FC performed were retrospectively analyzed and correlated with follow-up. Results: A total of 163 FNA procedures were performed in children (age ≤21 years), and 47 (28.8%) of these cases had FC performed. Specimens were mostly obtained from the head and neck (72.3% of cases). Nine cases (19.1%) had abnormal FC findings, including double-negative T cells (n = 3; 33.3%), double-positive T cells (n = 3; 33.3%), excess λ light chains (n = 1; 11.1%), weak CD34 positivity (n = 1; 11.1%), and T-lymphoblastic lymphoma (n = 1; 11.1%). Conclusion: Unusual FC results that are not diagnostic of malignancy can be seen in lymph node FNA in a minority of young patients. In our series, these findings were seen mainly in small populations of T cells and occurred primarily in the setting of reactive lymphoid hyperplasia or ectopic thymic tissue. Cytopathologists performing FNA on children should be aware of these abnormalities and, although they may warrant further investigation and follow-up, they are unlikely to be associated with malignancy.
Comprensión de la responsabilidad política de los actores armados en el conflicto interno colombiano: la masacre de El Salado 2000
Authors: Prada-Sanmiguel Alberto
Published: September 2016

(descriptivo): El presente artículo da cuenta del proceso metodológico, los hallazgos y los resultados obtenidos en la investigación, de carácter comprensivo, acerca de la responsabilidad política de los actores del conflicto interno colombiano, particularmente en los hechos acontecidos en la masacre de El Salado, en febrero del año 2000. En un diálogo ininterrumpido entre los hechos, los actores y sus testimonios y a partir del aporte significativo de la teoría arendtiana, se indaga por las responsabilidades -sea por acción o por omisión de manera directa o indirecta- de los actores en los sucesos que tuvieron lugar, y sus correspondientes atribuciones. Después de ello se busca llegar a distintas conclusiones que develan y des-ocultan lo ocurrido a través de diversas aristas: destacar que el objeto de la comprensión de la responsabilidad es, en especial, la actuación del victimario; levantar la conciencia desde la esfera privada a la pública; enfrentar la realidad histórica de la masacre apelando a un juicio holgado y abierto; ofrecer un equilibrio entre lo ocurrido, sus determinadores y las repercusiones suscitadas.
Configuración de la migración interna en la región del Paisaje Cultural Cafetero de Colombia
Authors: Castro-Escobar Edisson
Published: September 2016

(descriptivo): El documento describe cómo han sido los patrones de migración interna en los municipios que conforman la región del Paisaje Cultural Cafetero de Colombia, tomando como referencia los movimientos recientes de población a partir del censo general de 2005 realizado por el Departamento Administrativo Nacional de Estadística. Se usaron algunas representaciones cartográficas y sociogramas para mostrar las redes de movilidad, los sentidos y la magnitud de los flujos migratorios. Los resultados indican ciertas tendencias de recomposición poblacional que debilitan la estructura demográfica en algunos municipios al tiempo que se refuerza el efecto de concentración urbana de las ciudades principales y las zonas conurbadas. Los focos receptores de migrantes son especialmente las ciudades capitales de la región y los distritos urbanos de Medellín, Bogotá y algunos municipios del Valle y el Tolima.
Ideal Cardiovascular Health and Subclinical Markers of Carotid Structure and Function
Authors: Gaye Bamba , Mustafic Hazrije , Laurent Stéphane , Perier Marie-Cécile , Thomas Frédérique , Guibout Catherine , Tafflet Muriel , Pannier Bruno , Boutouyrie Pierre , Jouven Xavier , Empana Jean-Philippe
Published: September 2016

Objective—

We hypothesized that subclinical markers of vascular structure and function, which are independent predictors of cardiovascular disease, would be less frequent in subjects with ideal than poor cardiovascular health (CVH) as defined by the American Heart Association (AHA).

Approach and Results—

Carotid parameters were measured using high-precision echotracking device in 9155 nonreferred participants attending a health checkup in a large health center in Paris (France) between 2008 and 2012. According to the AHA, participants with 0 to 2, 3 to 4, and 5 to 7 metrics (smoking, physical activity, body mass index, diet, blood glucose and total cholesterol, blood pressure) at the ideal level were categorized as having poor, intermediate, and ideal CVH. Carotid parameters were dichotomized according to their median value, and multivariable logistic regression analysis was performed. Mean age was 59.5 (SD 6.3) years; 39% were females, and ideal CVH was present in 10.11% of the study participants. After adjustment for age, sex, education, and living alone and compared with a poor CVH, an ideal CVH was associated with lower common carotid artery intima–media thickness (odds ratio=1.64; 95% confidence interval 1.40, 1.93), absence of carotid plaques (odds ratio=2.14; 95% confidence interval 1.60, 2.87), lower Young’s elastic modulus (odds ratio=2.43; 95% confidence interval 2.07, 2.84), and higher carotid distensibility coefficient (odds ratio=2.90; 95% confidence interval 2.47, 3.41).

Conclusions—

In community subjects aged 50 to 75 years, ideal CVH was associated with substantially less arterial stiffness and thickness. These associations might contribute to the lower risk of cardiovascular diseases in subjects with ideal CVH.
Neurologic Examination at 24 to 48 Hours Predicts Functional Outcomes in Basilar Artery Occlusion Stroke
Authors: Rangaraju Srikant , Jovin Tudor G. , Frankel Michael , Schonewille Wouter J. , Algra Ale , Kappelle L. Jaap , Nogueira Raul G.
Published: September 2016

Background and Purpose—

Accurate long-term outcome prognostication in basilar artery occlusion strokes may guide clinical management in the subacute stage. We determine the prognostic value of the follow-up neurological examination using the National Institutes of Health stroke scale (NIHSS) and identify 24- to 48-hour NIHSS risk categories in basilar artery occlusion patients.

Methods—

Participants of an observational registry of radiologically confirmed acute basilar artery occlusion (BASICS [Basilar Artery International Cooperation Study]) with prospectively collected 24- to 48-hour NIHSS and 1-month modified Rankin scale scores were included. Uni- and multivariable modeling were performed to identify independent predictors of poor outcome. Predictive powers of baseline and 24- to 48-hour NIHSS for poor outcome (modified Rankin scale, 4–6) and 1-month mortality were determined by receiver operating characteristic analyses. Classification and regression tree analysis was performed to identify risk groups.

Results—

Three hundred seventy-six of 619 BASICS participants were included, of whom 65.4% had poor outcome. In multivariable analyses, 24- to 48-hour NIHSS (odds ratio=1.28 [1.21–1.35]), history of minor stroke (odds ratio=2.64 [1.04–6.74], time to treatment >6 hours (odds ratio=3.07 [1.35–6.99]), and age (odds ratio=1.02 [0.99–1.04]) were retained in the final model as predictors of poor outcome. Prognostic power of 24- to 48-hour NIHSS was higher than baseline NIHSS for 1-month poor outcome (area under the curve, 0.92 versus 0.75) and mortality (area under the curve, 0.85 versus 0.72). Classification and regression tree analysis identified five 24- to 48-hour NIHSS risk categories with poor outcome rates of 9.4% (NIHSS 0–4), 36% (NIHSS 5–11), 84.3% (NIHSS 12–22), 96.1% (NIHSS 23–27), and 100% (NIHSS≥28).

Conclusions—

Twenty-four- to 48-hour NIHSS accurately predicts 1-month poor outcome and mortality and represents a clinically valuable prognostic tool for the care of basilar artery occlusion patients.
Revision of the Old World Daphnia (Ctenodaphnia) similis group Cladocera: Daphniidae)
Authors: POPOVA EKATERINA V. , PETRUSEK ADAM , KOŘÍNEK VLADIMÍR , MERGEAY JOACHIM , BEKKER EUGENIYA I. , KARABANOV DMITRY P. , GALIMOV YAN R. , NERETINA TATYANA V. , TAYLOR DEREK J. , KOTOV ALEXEY A.
Published: September 2016

Species of the genus Daphnia O.F. Müller, 1785 (Cladocera: Daphniidae) have become very important models in evolutionary biology research. Previous morphological and genetic evidence suggests that numerous closely related “species groups” exist within the subgenus Daphnia (Ctenodaphnia) Dybowski & Grochowski, 1895, containing both described and undescribed species. The Daphnia similis group is among these species groups. The aim of the present paper is to revise the taxonomy of the Daphnia (Ctenodaphnia) similis group in the Old World with both morphological and genetic evidence (based on mitochondrial COI and 12S rRNA genes). We found that there are at least four species in the Old World D. similis species group: D. similis Claus, 1876; D. sinensis Gu, Xu, Li, Dumont et Han, 2013; D. similoides Hudec, 1991 and D. inopinata sp. nov. These four taxa of the similis-group, confused previously with D. similis, have different distributional ranges in the Old World, from extremely wide, spanning several biogegraphic regions (as D. sinensis), to regional endemics (D. similoides) and even species known so far from a single locality (D. inopinata sp. nov.). The Daphnia similis group provides another example in the cladocerans whereby the study of males yields more valuable characters for taxonomy than the study of parthenogenetic females.
First description of the male of the spider Tibellus paraguensis Simon, 1897 (Araneae: Philodromidae), with new distribution records
Authors: ACHITTE-SCHMUTZLER HELGA C. , RUBIO GONZALO D.
Published: September 2016

The genus Tibellus Simon, 1875 currently includes 51 species (WSC 2016); it presents some taxonomic difficulties, due to morphological variability, and similarities among some congeners (Efimik 1999). Studies on the genus were undertaken by Gertsch (1933) and Schick (1965) from America, Tikader (1980) from India, Van den Berg & Dippenaar-Schoeman (1994) from the Afrotropical region, and Efimik (1999) from the East Palearctic region.
A new species of Danothrips from Southwestern China (Thysanoptera: Thripidae)
Authors: LI YAJIN , XIE YONGHUI , ZHANG HONGRUI
Published: September 2016

Danothrips salicis sp. n. is described from young leaves of Salix sp. in Southwestern China. This species is similar to D. moundi, D. theifolii and D. trifasciatus, but can be distinguished by the colour of the fore wing, the median longitudinal split on tergite X of females, and in males by the situation of the median short thorn-like setae on tergite IX.
Two species of Cleonini new for Pakistan and new synonymies Coleoptera: Curculionidae: Lixinae)
Authors: AHMED ZUBAIR , MEREGALLI MASSIMO , FATIMA NADIA
Published: September 2016

The superfamily Curculionoidea contains over 60,000 described species worldwide (Oberprieler et al. 2007). Knowledge of their distribution is still incomplete, with particular regard for several poorly or not yet completely investigated countries. Moreover, a large number of unidentified specimens of various geographical origin are conserved in museums throughout the world, and further unpublished data for many species can be recovered from the study of public and private collections.
Studies of Peruvian Ptiliidae (Coleoptera) 5: Chaska nawi, a new genus and species of Acrotrichinae, Acrotrichini
Authors: DARBY MICHAEL
Published: September 2016

Chaska, a new monotypic genus of Acrotrichinae, Acrotrichini with its single species nawi is described and figured. Superficially similar to the more rounded species of Acrotrichis but distinguished by ventral characters in particular the form of the mesoventral collar and the rounded pronotal hind angles. The insect was collected by Dr Caroline Chaboo and her students at the University of Kansas as part of an inventory of leaf beetles in Peru. The name chosen as the winning entry in a national competition to name a beetle species and raise awareness about cryptic biodiversity.
Convectively Coupled Kelvin Waves and Tropical Cyclogenesis in a Semi-Lagrangian Framework
Authors: Schreck Carl J.
Published: September 2016

This study examines how convectively coupled Kelvin waves interact with the semi-Lagrangian circulation of easterly waves to modulate tropical cyclogenesis. Recent studies have shown that fewer tropical cyclones form in the three days before passage of the Kelvin wave’s peak convection and more develop in the three days thereafter. Separately, other studies have identified the recirculation of moisture and vorticity within easterly waves using a semi-Lagrangian frame of reference. That framework is achieved by subtracting the easterly wave phase speed from the earth-relative winds. This study combines these recent findings by testing whether the equatorial westerlies from Kelvin waves can help close the semi-Lagrangian circulation.

Past studies have shown that Kelvin waves tilt westward with height in the troposphere such that equatorial westerlies build upward from the surface in the days following the convective peak. This study shows that the easterly wave’s semi-Lagrangian closed circulation grows upward as it intersects the Kelvin wave’s westward tilt. The Kelvin wave’s westerly anomalies reach 500 hPa about three days after the convection has passed, which establishes the deep, vertically aligned easterly wave vortex necessary for tropical cyclogenesis. This study focuses on the eastern Pacific, but similar results are found for the North Atlantic. In other basins, the Kelvin wave accentuates the westerlies from the Madden–Julian oscillation and/or the monsoon trough. Given that Kelvin waves often last weeks and circumnavigate the globe, these results may advance long-range tropical cyclogenesis forecasting.
Subseasonal Prediction of Significant Wave Heights over the Western Pacific and Indian Ocean Region
Authors: Shukla Ravi P. , Kinter James L.
Published: September 2016

The bias and skill of multi-week predictions of significant wave height (SWH) in the western Pacific and Indian Ocean (WP–IO) region are investigated. The WaveWatch III (WW3) model is forced with daily 10-m winds from the National Centers for Environmental Prediction (NCEP) Climate Forecast System, version 2 (CFSv2), retrospective forecasts (CFSR). Reforecasts using January and May initial conditions for the period 1999–2009 are considered. The main features of the climatological mean 10-m winds in weeks 1–4 are well captured by CFSv2, although the magnitude of the bias increases with lead time over much of the region in both the January and May cases. The CFSv2–WW3 system similarly captures the magnitude and spatial structure of SWH in weeks 1–4 well in both cases; however, the magnitude of the positive biases increases with lead time over the Southern Ocean (SO), the South China Sea, and the northwestern Pacific region in the January cases, and over SO in the May cases. The magnitude of the SWH variability grows weaker with lead time over SO, which may be related to the weaker interannual variability of 10-m winds in weeks 1–4 over S0 in CFSR. During the first two forecast weeks, the temporal anomaly correlation skill of SWH is significantly higher than it is during weeks 3 and 4 in the WP–IO region. Based on a categorical forecast verification, the CFSv2–WW3 can predict rare events at these lead times.
How Nascent Occupations Construct a Mandate: The Case of Service Designers’ Ethos
Authors: Fayard Anne-Laure , Stigliani Ileana , Bechky Beth A.
Published: September 2016

In this paper, we study the way that nascent occupations constructing an occupational mandate invoke not only skills and expertise or a new technology to distinguish themselves from other occupations, but also their values. We studied service design, an emerging occupation whose practitioners aim to understand customers and help organizations develop new or improved services and customer experiences, translate those into feasible solutions, and implement them. Practitioners enacted their values in their daily work activities through a set of material practices, such as shadowing customers or front-line staff, conducting interviews in the service context, or creating “journey maps” of a service user’s experience. The role of values in the construction of an occupational mandate is particularly salient for occupations such as service design, which cannot solely rely on skills and technical expertise as sources of differentiation. We show how service designers differentiated themselves from other competing occupations by highlighting how their values make their work practices unique. Both values and work practices, what service designers call their ethos, were essential to enable service designers to define the proper conduct and modes of thinking characteristic of their occupational mandate.
Clinical roles in clinical biochemistry: a national survey of practice in the UK
Authors: Choudhury Sirazum M , Williams Emma L , Barnes Sophie C , Alaghband-Zadeh Jamshid , Tan Tricia M , Cegla Jaimini
Published: September 2016

Background

Using an online survey, we collected data to present a picture of how clinical authorization is performed in the UK.

Methods

A 21-question survey was uploaded to www.surveymonkey.com , and responses were invited via the mail base of the Association for Clinical Biochemistry and Laboratory Medicine. The questionnaire examined the intensity and function of the duty biochemist role and how different types of authorization are used to handle and release results.

Results

Of 70 responses received, 60 were suitable for analysis. Responses were received from every region of the UK. A typical duty biochemist shift started on average at 8:50, and finished at 17:25. The mean duration was 8 h 58 min. Clinical scientists are the most abundantly represented group on duty biochemist rotas. Higher banded clinical scientists and chemical pathologists covered out-of-hours shifts. Results were handled differently depending on the level of abnormality and the requesting area. Normal results tended to be released either directly from the analyser or after technical then autoauthorization (90%). A greater preference for clinical authorization was seen for abnormal and critical results originating from outpatients (49% and 69%, respectively) or general practice (51% and 71%) than for inpatients (33% and 53%) or A&E (25% and 37%).

Conclusions

The handling and authorization of biochemistry results varies greatly between laboratories. The role is clearly heterogeneous in the UK. Guidance from the Association for Clinical Biochemistry and Royal College of Pathologists may help to clarify the essential roles of the duty biochemist.
The Effect of the External Labor Market on the Gender Pay Gap among Executives
Authors: Quintana-García Cristina , Elvira Marta M.
Published: September 2016

To date, few empirical studies have explored potential differences in the effects of external labor market hiring on the compensation of male and female managers. Using longitudinal data from a sample of public high-technology firms on individual top executives’ total compensation in the United States, and the separate components of base and variable pay, the authors study the effects of being an external hire for men and women. The results suggest that women who are external labor market hires are disadvantaged, in both base and variable compensation, compared with internal placements. The analyses also provide some evidence that having greater representation of women in top positions reduces the disadvantaging effects for women of being an external hire.