bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
توظيف روسيا الاتحادية لقطاع الطاقة في دعم دورها العالمي بعد عام 2000
Authors: عبيد السعيدي أ.م.د سعد
Published: January 2024

تُعد روسيا واحدة من بين أهم دول العالم التي تمتلك موارد ضخمة من الطاقة الى الدرجة التي أهلتها الى جانب عدد محدود من الدول التحكم بواقع ومستقبل برامج انتاج وتوزيع الطاقة عالمياً ، وتبعاً لذلك التأثير بشكل فعال بالجوانب الاقتصادية والتنموية للعديد من دول العالم وانعكاسها على قراراتها السياسية وربما الاستراتيجية . وفي هذا الاطار وضعت روسيا منذ عام 2000 سياسة للطاقة على قدر عالٍ من التخطيط الاستراتيجي، تهدف الى استعادة روسيا لدورها العالمي عبر توظيف إمكانياتها في مجال الطاقة بأنواعها للتأثير بمجريات الاقتصاد العالمي لا سيما في منطقتين مهمتين للغاية وهما الاتحاد الأوربي وآسيا، فضلاً عن زيادة مستوى التنسيق مع الدول الأساسية المنتجة للطاقة حول العالم , ومن ثم التأثير على طبيعة وشكل أنماط التعاون والتنافس والصراع والتحالفات والشراكات العالمية على كافة الصعد، وهو الامر الذي أتاح لروسيا أن تستعيد جانباً كبيراً من قدرات الاتحاد السوفييتي المتعلقة بالنفوذ والتأثير العالمي لكن بأهداف ووسائل جديدة لرسم ملامح عالم أقل ما يقال عنه أنه عالم ذو قطبية أحادية هشة يتجه نحو التعددية القطبية.
استئخار الدعوى الإداريّة للفصل في مسألة أوليّة "دراسة مقارنة"
Authors: إبراهيم محمود أ.م.د علاء
Published: January 2024

يسعى الخصوم في نطاق الدعوى الإداريّة إلى حسم إجراءاتها وصولاً إلى الحكم الفاصل الذي من شأنه حماية مراكزهم القانونيّة، لذا يحرص هؤلاء على التقدّم بطلبات أو دفوع معينة من شأنها أن تُسهم في تكوين قناعة قضائية لحسم الدعوى لصالحهم، وليثبتوا أنّ العمل القانوني الصادر عن السلطة الإداريّة لم يكن مشروعاً، واتساقاً مع ما تقدّم أقرّ المشرّع العراقي نظام الوقف التعليقي (الاستئخار) بوقف إجراءات الخصومة مؤقتاً لتعلق سببها بخصومة مرتبطة من اختصاص محكمة أخرى، قد تكون مدنية أو جنائية أو دستورية، انتظاراً لحكم فاصل فيها من شأنه أنْ يؤثر بالدعوى الإداريّة المنظورة ويمنع التعارض في الأحكام الصادرة من المحاكم العراقية التي من شأنها أنْ تجعل بعض الخصوم بحالة إنكار للعدالة كونهم مطالبين بتنفيذ أحكام متناقضة، إنّ ما تقدّم في حال تحقّقه سيقدح بالحُجيّة التي يتمتع بها الحكم الإداري لاسيما في نطاق دعوى الإلغاء بوصفه حجة على الكافة، ونشير إلى أنّ قانون المرافعات المدنية والنظام الداخلي للمحكمة الاتحادية العليا عالجا الاستئخار للفصل بمسألة أولية بيد أنّ التنظيم لم يتسم بنحو من التكامل وكلاهما بحاجة إلى إجراء تعديلات من شأنها ضمان حقوق المتقاضين وإعطاء الفاعلية اللازمة لهذه المكنة القانونيّة لتأتي ثمارها وتسهم فيما تحقيق الأمن القضائي لعراقيين، إذ لم يتناول التنظيم الاثار القانونيّة لقرار المحكمة بالوقف في أحوال تقصير الخصم في استكمال الاجراءات المتعلقة برفع دعوى بخصوص المسألة الأولية أو قيامه بتقديم الطلب إضراراً بالخصم الآخر بغية تأخير حسم الدعوى فحسب، بل لم يتطرق إلى حالة القضاء المستعجل و الولائي، أضف لكل ما تقدّم لم يتم تنظيم مصير القرار الإداري أو العقد موضوع الدعوى الإداريّة أثناء مرحلة الاستئخار انتظاراً لحكم صادر عن محكمة أخرى.
ALGUNS ASPECTOS DO MERCADO EXTERNO AÇUCAREIRO E A INSERÇÃO BRASILEIRA NESTE MERCADO
Authors: Shikida Pery Francisco Assis , Bacha Carlos Jose Caetano
Published: January 2024

Discute os principais aspectos do mercado externo açucareiro e da posição brasileira nesse mercado. Ênfase especial é dada à análise das transformações que têm caracterizado o mercado externo açucareiro nos últimos anos. Como conclusão deste conclui que o comércio externo, para o açúcar calórico (sacarose), dificilmente apresentará boas perspectivas — salvo breves períodos de "bolhas de euforia". Isto devido, basicamente, ao fenômeno de concorrência e de complementariedade impostas pelos sucedâneos do açúcar e à disponibilidade deste produto no mercado externo. O açúcar não-calórico, ainda em fase de pesquisas, poderá revolucionar o comércio açucareiro, com possível recuperação de mercado
PROPOSTA METODOLÓGICA PARA IMPLANTAÇÃO DO SISTEMA DE COBRANÇA PELO USO DOS RECURSOS HÍDRICOS NO ESTADO DO CEARÁ
Authors: Fontenele Raimundo Eduardo Silveira
Published: January 2024

Contribui para uma melhor gestão dos recursos hídricos e apresenta uma proposta metodológica de cálculo do custo da água, baseando-se em algumas experiências internacionais e brasileiras que se caracterizam em cobrar pelo uso da água não somente pela sua retirada, mas também pelo lançamento de efluentes. Argumenta que, como na maioria das regiões semi-áridas do mundo, a gestão racional dos recursos hídricos representará um papel importante no desenvolvimento sustentável da região Nordeste do Brasil sendo imprescindível que soluções adequadas aos problemas específicos à realidade local sejam capazes de assegurar uma melhor gestão ao nível das próprias bacias hidrográficas. Ao tratar o problema geral do Estado do Ceará e da bacia do rio Jaguaribe em particular, apresenta uma proposta de cálculo do custo da água que busque atender o princípio da “solidariedade financeira” entre os vários usuários da bacia hidrográfica, de modo a subsidiar os órgãos de planejamento nas tomadas de decisão e fornecer elementos importantes no processo de negociação dos comitês de bacias quanto ao valor da contribuição de cada usuário para formação de um “fundo financeiro” para ser alocado na própria bacia.
QUALIDADE DE VIDA NOS MUNICÍPIOS DO NORDESTE EM RELAÇÃO AOS MUNICÍPIOS DO BRASIL: FUNDAMENTOS PARA O PLANEJAMENTO DO DESENVOLVIMENTO SUSTENTÁVEL DA REGIÃO1
Authors: Lemos José de Jesus Sousa , Brandão Raimundo José Barbosa , Lopes Jucivan Ribeiro , Aquino Heloísa Helena Vasconcelos de , Gomes Edilson Ribeiro , Silva Maria  Rosângela Malheiros , Frazão José Mário Ferro , Ramos Antônio José , Mendonça Soraya Maria , Silva Gilberto de Sousa , Santos Marluze do Socorro Pastor , Santos Itaan de Jesus Pastor , Dominice Cláudia Cristina Ewerton , Albuquerque Jonas Mendes , Sousa Raimundo Nonato da Silva de , Muniz Eliana Maria
Published: January 2024

Traz síntese de pesquisa que buscou estimar os níveis de qualidade de vida dos 1.509 municípios da região Nordeste relativamente aos 4.502 municípios brasileiros contabilizados pelo último Censo Demográfico do Brasil produzido pelo IBGE em 1991. Construiu-se o Índice de Desenvolvimento Relativo (IDR) baseado em seis indicadores a saber: percentagem dos domicílios do município com acesso ao serviço de água encanada; percentagem dos domicílios do município com acesso a serviço de saneamento básico; percentagem de pessoas maiores de cinco anos de idade alfabetizadas; percentagem dos domicílios do município com acesso a serviço de coleta sistemática de lixo; renda média pessoal do município; índice de Gini de concentração da renda do município. Para a construção do IDR aplica-se a técnica de análise multivariada, onde estimam-se dois fatores ortogonais. Os resultados mostram que dos 100 municípios brasileiros com piores níveis de qualidade de vida, 92 estão no Nordeste. Dos municípios com piores performances em termos de renda pessoal disponível, a maioria estava no Nordeste. Também mostra como são difíceis os indicadores sociais de praticamente todos os municípios nordestinos, e a reduzida capacidade de geração de emprego e renda que prevalece na sua grande maioria.
Urgensi Learning Agility Guru sebagai Ujung Tombak Pendidikan
Authors: Rini Hapsari Puspita
Published: January 2024

Pendidikan merupakan proses penting yang dapat memperbaiki masa depan seseorang, dimana dalam proses ini guru memiliki peran yang sangat penting. Selain tugas administratif dan mempersiapkan bahan ajar, guru harus menyampaikan materi kepada anak didik, mengembangkan pola pikir, serta membangun karakter positif siswa. Guru juga perlu siaga menghadapi berbagai tantangan agar proses pembelajaran dapat tetap berjalan optimal. Tujuan penelitian ini ialah mengetahui urgensi dari learning agility pada guru dalam proses pendidikan membangun generasi bangsa. Metode penelitian yang digunakan ialah studi literatur naratif dengan menggunakan beberapa artikel penelitian terdahulu dengan pemilihan tema yang sesuai. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa learning agility merupakan karakter penting bagi guru yang berpengaruh pada performa kerja.
Peranan Guru dalam Meningkatkan Motivasi Belajar Siswa Di UPTD SDN Banyuajuh 2
Authors: Putri Dewi Suwignyo
Published: January 2024

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui bagaimana upaya guru dalam memberikan motivasi belajar kepada peserta didik di UPTD SDN Banyuajuh 2. Metode yang digunakan metode observasi dan dokumentasi. Sedangkan teknik analisis data dapat dibagi menjadi dua yaitu: analisis data kualitatif dan analisis deskriptif. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa upaya guru di UPTD SDN Banyuajuh 2  dalam memotivasi peserta didiknya dalam proses pembelajaran ialah; (1) Menjadikan peserta didik yang aktif dalam kegiatan belajar mengajar, (2) Menciptakan suasana kelas yang kondusif, (3) Meningkatkan antusias dan semangat dalam mengajar, (4) Memberikan penghargaan, (5) Menciptakan aktivitas yang melibatkan peserta didik dalam kelas.
Fél évszázadnyi vonakodás
Authors: András Reuss
Published: January 2024

Ötven éve a magyar evangélikusok és reformátusok két okból csak vonakodva csatlakoztak a Leuenbergi konkordiához. Az úrvacsorai közösség lehetőségének kétszáz éve élő hazai gyakorlatára hivatkoztak: elődeik megelőzték a konkordiát, amely így csak megszilárdítja a status quót. Nem törődtek azzal, hogy miben lép túl az irat ezen a gyakorlaton. Tartottak továbbá attól, hogy a tanbeli egyetértés tételeinek elfogadása a reformátori örökség feladásával jár. A szöveg azonban a reformátori hitvallások tartalmához ragaszkodva fogalmazta meg a közöset. Elfogadása tehát nem hűtlenség a reformátori örökséghez. A tanulmány röviden áttekinti a konkordiával szemben nemzetközi szinten megfogalmazott fenntartásokat, és reflektál azokra. A szerző rámutat: a hazai recepció (is) szinte teljesen figyelmen kívül hagyta, hogy itt az egyházközösség deklarálása is hangsúlyos. Ha ez nem nyilvánul meg tettekben, mentalitásbeli változásban, akkor nem lehet a sok tagból álló egyetlen testről, Krisztus egyetemes egyházáról beszélni.
Employed Caregivers in Canada: Infographic Compilation
Authors: Fast Janet , Magnaye Andrew , Kim Choong , Eales Jacquie
Published: January 2024

In partnership with Research on Aging, Policies and Practice (RAPP). This compilation includes six infographics that each provide insight into various aspects of caregiving and on the value and contributions of family caregivers across Canada. The infographics contained in this resource highlight the significant contributions that employed caregivers make to their families’ wellbeing, workplaces, and society. They also demonstrate how supporting employed caregivers makes good business sense, as flexible work arrangements are associated with talent retention, lower turnover costs, and more.
Fish Terminal Design To Reduce Fishermen Operation Costs In Banda Island
Authors: Riyadh Muhammad
Published: January 2024

One of the islands in the Maluku province is a cluster of the Banda Islands. The Banda sea is known as the waters are very rich in various kinds of fish. The center for Economic and Development-LIPI (1999) have calculated the average time fishermen go out to sea in a year as many as 200 days, that entire day, which allowed her to sea. Therefore, at the time of going to sea fishermen use the time optimally to work throughout the day so that it will drain the operational cost and energy fishermen to return to the coastal areas bring their catch to that required terminal of the fish. Teriminal fish serves as a place of temporary suspension to raise and lower the tangakapan fishermen so that it can maintain the quality of the catches of fishermen to the place of destination. The purpose of this study is to design the terminal of fish to help fishermen. Carried out technical calculations such as the determination of the payload, the volume of cargo space, electricity needs, trim, stability and freeboard. As for the size of the main result is Lbp = 81,19 m, B = 15,00 m, H = 7,00 m, and T = 5,50 m and the cost of the construction of the terminal fish Rp 85,053,530,160.11
সুভাস মুখোপাধ্যায়ের রিপোর্টাজ: বাংলার রুপ সন্ধান
Authors: কর্মকার কৌশিক
Published: January 2024

কবি সুভাষ মুখোপাধ্যায় যে গদ্যকার হিসেবেও কতখানি সফল ছিলেন তা বোঝা যায় তাঁর রিপোর্টাজধর্মী রচনাগুলি পাঠ করলে। বাংলা গদ্যসাহিত্যের ইতিহাসে সম্পূর্ণ স্বতন্ত্র এক লিখনশৈলীর পরিচয় পাওয়া যায় এখানে। রচনাগুলি একইসঙ্গে অত্যন্ত সহজ, সাবলীল ও সুখপাঠ্য। অথচ তাঁর কবিতাকেন্দ্রিক সমালোচনার ধারায় যে ব্যাপ্তি লক্ষ করা যায়, গদ্যসাহিত্যের ক্ষেত্রে অনুরূপ চর্চার সংখ্যা নগণ্য। তাই লেখকের রিপোর্টাজগুলিকে কেন্দ্র করে একটি সামগ্রিক পর্যালোচনার প্রয়োজনেই আলোচ্য প্রবন্ধের অবতারণা করা হয়েছে। ১৯৪২ সালে কমিউনিস্ট পার্টির সদস্য হিসেবে পার্টির বাংলা কমিটির মুখপত্র ‘জনযুদ্ধে’র রিপোর্টার হিসেবে নিযুক্ত হন সুভাষ মুখোপাধ্যায়। পি সি যোশী বা পূরণচাঁদ যোশীর কাছে পাঠ নেন সাংবাদিকতার আর সোমনাথ লাহিড়ীর কাছে শেখেন গদ্যরচনার কলাকৌশল। এই সময়েই পত্রিকার ‘ইনভেস্টিগেটিং রিপোর্টিং’ এর কাজে গ্রাম বাংলার সফর শুরু হয় তাঁর। মূলত পত্রিকার কমিটেড পাঠকের জন্য প্রতিবেদন লেখা শুরু করেন। কিন্তু লেখকের কবিমানস লেখাগুলিকে কেবল কেজো ‘রিপোর্টিং’ হিসেবে সীমাবদ্ধ রেখে সেগুলিকে করে তোলে ‘রিপোর্টাজ’। বিবিধ সাহিত্যিক উপাদানের সংযোগে প্রাণপ্রাচুর্যে পরিপূর্ণ হয়ে ওঠে লেখাগুলি। বন্ধুবর দেবীপ্রসাদ চট্টোপাধ্যায়ের প্রণোদনায় লেখাগুলি কিছুটা পরিবর্তিত হয়ে প্রকাশিত হয় মাসিক ‘রংমশাল’ পত্রিকায়। এই লেখাগুলিই একত্রে সংকলিত হয়ে ১৯৫১ সালে ‘আমার বাংলা’ গ্রন্থের অন্তর্ভুক্ত হয়। লেখকের ‘রিপোর্টাজ’ধর্মী লেখার এটিই প্রথম সংকলন। এরপর প্রায় চার দশক ধরে বিভিন্ন পত্রপত্রিকার পাতায় রিপোর্টাজ প্রকাশিত হয়েছে। ১৯৮১ সাল পর্যন্ত লেখকের এরূপ ছ’টি রিপোর্টাজধর্মী গ্রন্থ প্রকাশিত হয়েছে: ‘আমার বাংলা’ (১৯৫১), ‘যখন যেখানে’ (বঙ্গাব্দ ১৩৬৭), ‘ডাকবাংলার ডায়েরি’ (বঙ্গাব্দ ১৩৭২), ‘নারদের ডায়েরি’ (বঙ্গাব্দ ১৩৭৬), ‘ক্ষমা নেই’ (বঙ্গাব্দ ১৩৭৮), ‘আবার ডাকবাংলার ডাকে’ (১৯৮১)। ‘রিপোর্টিং’ নির্দিষ্ট গতে বাঁধা বিন্যাসে বিন্যস্ত; অন্যদিকে ‘রিপোর্টাজ’ সংরূপগতভাবে অনেকাংশে স্বাধীন প্রকাশমাধ্যম; ন্যারেটিভের বহুমাত্রিক শিল্পকুশলতাকে প্রকাশ করতে তা সক্ষম। সেজন্যই এই রচনাগুলিতে কখনো খুঁজে পাওয়া যায় ছোটগল্পের গঠনবিন্যাস, কখনো বা ফুটে ওঠে রম্যরচনার আবহ। সাহিত্যিক উপাদান হিসেবে লেখাগুলিতে ব্যবহৃত হয়েছে বাংলার চিরায়ত লোকগান রূপকথা ব্রতছড়ার স্বর ও সুর, প্রান্তিক মানুষের প্রত্যক্ষ অভিজ্ঞতা আকার পেয়েছে লেখকের কলমে। এককথায় ‘রিপোর্টাজ’ নির্মিত হয়েছে এক স্বতন্ত্র ফর্মে।
বাংলা কবিতায় গৃহ: একটি দ্বিমুখী উপস্থাপন
Authors: বসু সুদক্ষিণা
Published: January 2024

সভ্যতার প্রাথমিক পর্ব থেকেই মানুষ যখন ঘর বেঁধেছে আর তাকে কেন্দ্র করে সম্পর্কের ভিত্তিতে তৈরি করেছে সংসার নামের এক বিমূর্ত ধারণা, তখন থেকেই গৃহ ও সংসারের কেন্দ্রে স্থাপন করা হয়েছে নারীকে। সেই গৃহকেন্দ্রিক ভূমিকাকে মহিমান্বিত করেছে সাহিত্য, সমাজ ও সংস্কৃতি। আর পুরুষের হাতে রচিত সাহিত্যে গৃহ ও গৃহলক্ষ্মী, প্রায়ই এক হয়ে গেছেন আশ্রয়বোধের ধারণায়। একজন মেয়ে ঘরসংসার সামলাবেন, পুরুষ সদস্যকে আশ্রয় দেবেন এটি বাঙালি জীবনে এতই অবশ্যম্ভাবী হয়ে গেছে যে লিঙ্গসাম্যের যুগেও নারীর গৃহকেন্দ্রিক অবস্থানের বাধ্যতা এবং সেই ভূমিকার মহিমাকীর্তনে যে একটি ফাঁকি আছে, সেটা চট করে চোখে পড়ে না। বাংলা গীতিকবিতার ধারায় একদম সূচনা থেকেই পুরুষ বাচনে এমনই একটি গৃহের ছবি দেখতে পেলেও স্বাধীনতা পরবর্তী পশ্চিমবঙ্গে রচিত বাংলা কবিতার ধারায় নারীর অস্বস্তি এবং জেহাদ ধরা পড়েছে নানাভাবে। কবিতা সিংহ থেকে চন্দ্রাণী বন্দ্যোপাধ্যায়ের কবিতায় গৃহের এক প্রবল আকাঙ্ক্ষা থাকা সত্ত্বেও নিরাশ্রয়ের আর্তি ধরা পড়ে নানাভাবে।
In Pursuit of Racial Equity: A Pathway for Action and Transformation in Education
Authors: Martinez Monica , Oliva Michelle
Published: January 2024

This report highlights the current state of educational inequities and national efforts to address them through policy, resources, tools, and technical assistance. Based on our review of over sixty equity-centered resources, we find that few toolkits are explicitly designed for K-12 schools and districts. We make a case for practical tools and resources, such as the EET™, to support education leaders in their equity work. Finally, based on our analysis of federal efforts to advance equity and a new administration that is prioritizing racial justice, we outline immediate action steps the Biden-Harris administration can take on this matter.
Assessment and spatial planning for peatland conservation and restoration: Europe’s trans-border Neman river basin as a case study
Authors: Manton Michael-Geoffrey , Makrickas Evaldas , Banaszuk Piotr , Kołos Aeksander , Kamocki Andrzej , Grygoruk Mateusz , Stachowicz Marta , Jarašius Leonas , Zableckis Nerijus , Sendžikaitė Jūratė , Peters Jan , Napreenko Maxim , Wichtmann Wendelin , Angelstam Per
Published: January 2024

Peatlands are the “kidneys” of river basins. However, intensification of agriculture and forestry in Europe has resulted in the degradation of peatlands and their biodiversity (i.e., species, habitats and processes in ecosystems), thus impairing water retention, nutrient filtration, and carbon capture. Restoration of peatlands requires assessment of patterns and processes, and spatial planning. To support strategic planning of protection, management, and restoration of peatlands, we assessed the conservation status of three peatland types within the trans-border Neman River basin. First, we compiled a spatial peatland database for the two EU and two non-EU countries involved. Second, we performed quantitative and qualitative gap analyses of fens, transitional mires, and raised bogs at national and sub-basin levels. Third, we identified priority areas for local peatland restoration using a local hotspot analysis. Nationally, the gap analysis showed that the protection of peatlands meets the Convention of Biological Diversity’s quantitative target of 17%. However, qualitative targets like representation and peatland qualities were not met in some regional sub-basins. This stresses that restoration of peatlands, especially fens, is required. This study provides an assessment methodology to support sub-basin-level spatial conservation planning that considers both quantitative and qualitative peatland properties. Finally, we highlight the need for developing and validating evidence-based performance targets for peatland patterns and processes and call for peatland restoration guided by social-ecological research and inter-sectoral collaborative governance.
Preservation of the traditional culture of the Cossacks in the scientific and creative priorities of the Department of Folk Singing and Ethnomusicology of the Saratov State Conservatory named after L. V. Sobinov
Authors: Mikhailova Alevtina Anatol'evna
Published: January 2024

The article is devoted to the 55-year activity of the Department of Folk Singing and Ethnomusicology of the Saratov State Conservatory named after L. V. Sobinov. The focus is on one of the directions in the scientific and creative priorities of the department – the study and preservation of the traditional song heritage in the culture of the Cossacks. The author gives an excursion into the history of the study of musical folklore and the creation of a new specialty "head of a folk choir" at an academic university. The article highlights the role of prominent figures-folklorists associated with the study of the Cossack song tradition and the formation of the science of ethnomusicology at the Saratov State Conservatory – A.M. Listopadov, L.L. Christiansen, A.S. Yareshko. The article summarizes some results of the research, publishing, concert, creative and educational work of teachers and students of the Department of folklore research of the Cossack regions of Russia. The author also refers to the archive of audio recordings and theses with song notations in order to identify the earliest recordings of folklore expeditions to the Cossack regions of the Saratov Volga region, analyzing the musical, poetic and performing style of song folklore. When writing this article, the following art criticism methods were used – comparative historical (comparative) and musical-analytical research methods. Despite the fact that the Cossack song tradition has not been revealed in the territory of the modern Saratov Volga region in the form of a formed musical and ethnographic phenomenon, there are persistent stable indigenous signs characteristic of the Cossack song culture in local manifestations: both a set of song genres and characteristic musical-poetic and vocal-performing features of the Don Cossacks singing style: specific features of folk speech, diphthongs, word breaks, "entrances"-glissandings from below to the main sound, a special phonetic structure of vocal speech. Similar genre, musical style and performance features of the song folklore of the Cossack tradition in the recordings of the 70s and 80s of the twentieth century are found locally as residual phenomena. Later archival records in this region demonstrate the all-Russian late urban tradition. There are many reasons for this: both the influence of mass pop culture and the result of the lack of social ties between generations of different ages, continuity within the family, within singing groups and the "blurring" of the indigenous population by immigrants from different regions.
Je t’aime, moi non plus: la faute au françois
Authors: Mazière Francine , Dufour Françoise Dufour
Published: January 2024

Why interrogate the 17th century, the time of the Remarqueurs, to read the current site of the “Dire”, ne pas dire by the Académie française? What is the effect of this institution over time? Doesn’t the continuity of formulas mask reversals of meaning in such different periods? Based on limited data, we will attempt to examine the emergence and persistence of a constructed standard, derived from the ear and emancipated from Latin, which can be experienced today as a variety of language, one that imposes its “correction” even in our articles.
From recency to central tendency biases in working memory: a unifying network model
Authors: Boboeva Vezha , Pezzotta Alberto , Clopath Claudia , Akrami Athena
Published: January 2024

The central tendency bias, or contraction bias, is a phenomenon where the judgment of the magnitude of items held in working memory appears to be biased towards the average of past observations. It is assumed to be an optimal strategy by the brain, and commonly thought of as an expression of the brain’s ability to learn the statistical structure of sensory input. On the other hand, recency biases such as serial dependence are also commonly observed, and are thought to reflect the content of working memory. Recent results from an auditory delayed comparison task in rats, suggest that both biases may be more related than previously thought: when the posterior parietal cortex (PPC) was silenced, both short-term and contraction biases were reduced. By proposing a model of the circuit that may be involved in generating the behavior, we show that a volatile working memory content susceptible to shifting to the past sensory experience – producing short-term sensory history biases – naturally leads to contraction bias. The errors, occurring at the level of individual trials, are sampled from the full distribution of the stimuli, and are not due to a gradual shift of the memory towards the sensory distribution’s mean. Our results are consistent with a broad set of behavioral findings and provide predictions of performance across different stimulus distributions and timings, delay intervals, as well as neuronal dynamics in putative working memory areas. Finally, we validate our model by performing a set of human psychophysics experiments of an auditory parametric working memory task.
The TOR signaling pathway regulates vegetative development, aflatoxin biosynthesis, and pathogenicity in Aspergillus flavus
Authors: Li Guoqi , Cao Xiaohong , Tumukunde Elisabeth , Zeng Qianhua , Wang Shihua
Published: January 2024

The target of rapamycin (TOR) signaling pathway is highly conserved and plays a crucial role in diverse biological processes in eukaryotes. However, the underlying mechanism of the TOR pathway in
A. flavus
remains elusive. In this study, we identified and characterized nine genes encoding various components of the TOR pathway in
A. flavus,
and investigated their biological function. The FK506-binding protein Fkbp3 and its lysine succinylation are important for aflatoxin production and rapamycin resistance. The Tor kinase plays a pivotal role in the regulation of growth, spore production, aflatoxin biosynthesis, and osmotic and rapamycin stress. As a significant downstream effector molecule of the Tor kinase, the Sch9 kinase regulates aflatoxin B
1
(AFB
1
) synthesis, osmotic and calcium stress response in
A. flavus,
and this regulation is mediated through its S_TKc, S_TK_X domains, and the ATP binding site at K340. We also showed that the Sch9 kinase may have a regulatory impact on the high-osmolarity glycerol (HOG) signaling pathway. TapA and TipA, the other downstream components of the Tor kinase, play significant roles in regulating sclerotia formation and cell wall stress response in
A. flavus
. The members of the TapA-phosphatase complexes, SitA and Ppg1, are crucial for various biological processes in
A. flavus
, including vegetative growth, sclerotia formation, AFB
1
biosynthesis, and pathogenicity. Furthermore, we showed that SitA and Ppg1 are involved in regulating lipid droplets (LDs) biogenesis and cell wall integrity (CWI) signaling pathway. In addition, another phosphatase complex, Nem1/Spo7, plays critical roles in hyphal development, conidiation, aflatoxin, and lipid droplets biogenesis. This study provides an important insight into the regulatory network of the TOR signaling pathway and the molecular mechanism of aflatoxin biosynthesis in
A. flavus
.
Illuminating T cell-dendritic cell interactions in vivo by FlAsHing antigens
Authors: Akkaya Munir , Al Souz Jafar , Williams Daniel , Kamdar Rahul , Kamenyeva Olena , Kabat Juraj , Shevach Ethan M. , Akkaya Billur
Published: January 2024

Delineating the complex network of interactions between antigen-specific T cells and antigen presenting cells (APCs) is crucial for effective precision therapies against cancer, chronic infections, and autoimmunity. However, the existing arsenal for examining antigen-specific T cell interactions is restricted to a select few antigen-T cell receptor pairs, with limited in situ utility. This lack of versatility is largely due to the disruptive effects of reagents on the immune synapse, which hinder real-time monitoring of antigen-specific interactions. To address this limitation, we have developed a novel and versatile immune monitoring strategy by adding a short cysteine-rich tag to antigenic peptides that emits fluorescence upon binding to thiol-reactive biarsenical hairpin compounds. Our findings demonstrate the specificity and durability of the novel antigen-targeting probes during dynamic immune monitoring in vitro and in vivo. This strategy opens new avenues for biological validation of T-cell receptors with newly identified epitopes by revealing the behavior of previously unrecognized antigen-receptor pairs, expanding our understanding of T cell responses.
Comparative neuroimaging of sex differences in human and mouse brain anatomy
Authors: Guma Elisa , Beauchamp Antoine , Liu Siyuan , Levitis Elizabeth , Ellegood Jacob , Pham Linh , Mars Rogier B , Raznahan Armin , Lerch Jason P
Published: January 2024

In vivo neuroimaging studies have established several reproducible volumetric sex differences in the human brain, but the causes of such differences are hard to parse. While mouse models are useful for understanding the cellular and mechanistic bases of sex-biased brain development in mammals, there have been no attempts to formally compare mouse and human sex differences across the whole brain to ascertain how well they translate. Addressing this question would shed critical light on use of the mouse as a translational model for sex differences in the human brain and provide insights into the degree to which sex differences in brain volume are conserved across mammals. Here, we use cross-species structural magnetic resonance imaging to carry out the first comparative neuroimaging study of sex-biased neuroanatomical organization of the human and mouse brain. In line with previous findings, we observe that in humans, males have significantly larger and more variable total brain volume; these sex differences are not mirrored in mice. After controlling for total brain volume, we observe modest cross-species congruence in the volumetric effect size of sex across 60 homologous brain regions (r=0.30; e.g.: M>F amygdala, hippocampus, bed nucleus of the stria terminalis, and hypothalamus and F>M anterior cingulate, somatosensory, and primary auditory cortices). This cross-species congruence is greater in the cortex (r=0.33) than non-cortex (r=0.16). By incorporating regional measures of gene expression in both species, we reveal that cortical regions with greater cross-species congruence in volumetric sex differences also show greater cross-species congruence in the expression profile of 2835 homologous genes. This phenomenon differentiates primary sensory regions with high congruence of sex effects and gene expression from limbic cortices where congruence in both these features was weaker between species. These findings help identify aspects of sex-biased brain anatomy present in mice that are retained, lost, or inverted in humans. More broadly, our work provides an empirical basis for targeting mechanistic studies of sex-biased brain development in mice to brain regions that best echo sex-biased brain development in humans.
Single nuclei transcriptomics reveal the differentiation trajectories of periosteal skeletal/stem progenitor cells in bone regeneration
Authors: Perrin Simon , Wotawa Cécile-Aurore , Bretegnier Vincent , Luka Marine , Coulpier Fanny , Masson Cécile , Ménager Mickael , Colnot Céline
Published: January 2024

Bone regeneration is mediated by skeletal stem/progenitor cells (SSPCs) that are mainly recruited from the periosteum after bone injury. The composition of the periosteum and the steps of SSPCs activation and differentiation remain poorly understood. Here, we generated a single-nuclei atlas of the periosteum at steady-state and of the fracture site during early stages of bone repair. We identified periosteal SSPCs expressing stemness markers (Pi16 and Ly6a/Sca1) and responding to fracture by adopting an injury-induced fibrogenic cell (IIFC) fate, prior to undergoing osteogenesis or chondrogenesis. We identified distinct gene cores associated with IIFCs and their engagement into osteogenesis and chondrogenesis involving Notch, Wnt and the circadian clock signaling respectively. Finally, we show that IIFCs are the main source of paracrine signals in the fracture environment, revealing a crucial paracrine role of this transient IIFC population during fracture healing. Overall, our study provides a complete temporal topography of the fracture healing stages and the dynamic response of periosteal SSPCs to injury, redefining our knowledge of bone regeneration.
A scenario for an evolutionary selection of ageing
Authors: Roget T. , MacMurray C. , Jolivet P. , Méléard S. , Rera M.
Published: January 2024

Signs of ageing become apparent only late in life, after organismal development is finalized. Ageing, most notably, decreases an individual’s fitness. As such, it is most commonly perceived as a non-adaptive force of evolution and considered a by-product of natural selection.Building upon the evolutionarily conserved age-related Smurf phenotype, we propose a simple mathematical life-history trait model in which an organism is characterized by two core abilities: reproduction and homeostasis.Through the simulation of this model, we observe 1) the convergence of fertility’s end with the onset of senescence, 2) the relative success of ageing populations, as compared to non-ageing populations, and 3) the enhanced evolvability (i.e. the generation of genetic variability) of ageing populations. In addition, we formally demonstrate the mathematical convergence observed in 1).We thus theorize that mechanisms that link the timing of fertility and ageing have been selected and fixed over evolutionary history, which, in turn, explains why ageing populations are more evolvable and therefore more successful. Broadly speaking, our work suggests that ageing is an adaptive force of evolution.
A mitochondrial carrier transports glycolytic intermediates to link cytosolic and mitochondrial glycolysis in the human gut parasite Blastocystis
Authors: Pyrihová Eva , King Martin S. , King Alannah C. , Toleco M. Rey , van der Giezen Mark , Kunji Edmund R.S.
Published: January 2024

Stramenopiles form a clade of diverse eukaryotic organisms, including multicellular algae, the fish and plant pathogenic oomycetes, such as the potato blight
Phytophthora,
and the human intestinal protozoan
Blastocystis
. In most eukaryotes, glycolysis is a strictly cytosolic metabolic pathway that converts glucose to pyruvate, resulting in the production of NADH and ATP. In contrast, stramenopiles have a branched glycolysis in which the enzymes of the pay-off phase are located in both the cytosol and the mitochondrial matrix. Here, we identify a mitochondrial carrier in
Blastocystis
that can transport glycolytic intermediates, such as dihydroxyacetone phosphate and glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate, across the mitochondrial inner membrane, linking the cytosolic and mitochondrial branches of glycolysis. Comparative analyses with the phylogenetically-related human mitochondrial oxoglutarate carrier (SLC25A11) and dicarboxylate carrier (SLC25A10) show that the glycolytic intermediate carrier has lost its ability to transport the canonical substrates malate and oxoglutarate.
Blastocystis
lacks several key components of oxidative phosphorylation required for the generation of mitochondrial ATP, such as complexes III and IV, ATP synthase and ADP/ATP carriers. The presence of the glycolytic pay-off phase in the mitochondrial matrix generates ATP, which powers energy-requiring processes, such as macromolecular synthesis, as well as NADH, used by mitochondrial complex I to generate a proton motive force to drive the import of proteins and molecules. Given its unique substrate specificity and central role in carbon and energy metabolism, the carrier for glycolytic intermediates identified here represents a specific drug and pesticide target against stramenopile pathogens, which are of great economic importance.
Possibilities with mechanisms under limited commitment
Authors:   , Fuentes Toro Francisco Ignacio
Published: January 2024

The main purpose of this document is to determine if a firm can capture value through information trading. We limit our efforts to a situation where a firm interacts with a customer in two stages but without any commitment, clearly, the agent is afraid to deliver private information because the firm can use it against him in future interactions and leave no informational rents. A relevant part of the analysis is the idea that a mechanism should encode not only the rules that determine the allocation but also the information available in each stage. We show that under a set of reasonable assumptions and different scenarios, the firm is actually incapable of selling information systems and it is limited to disclosing information through physical allocations. The constant trade-off between giving the agent the optimal menu and how much information the market is able to induce from it tomorrow seems to be enough trouble for the designer, so the absence of additional signals is the best option.
Assessing the Effectiveness of different Mobile Apps in Terms of Knowledge Gain and Adoption Level
Authors: Sangeetha S. , Yamunarani K. , Dhanushkodi V.
Published: January 2024

The use of mobile phones has become an integral part of smallholder farmers’ lives in both developed and developing countries. The traditional transfer of technology mechanism had lot of constraints including limited staff, wider coverage and required more cost. The study was conducted to assess the effectiveness of different mobile apps in terms of knowledge gain and adoption level of technologies. Kisan Suvidha Mobile App was taken as technology option 1 (TO 1), Farmer Mobile App was taken as technology option 2 (TO 2) and the e-Nam mobile app was taken as technology option 3 (TO 3). The study was conducted in Villupuram district of Tamil Nadu state. Radom sampling method was adopted to select the farmers. The yield data, knowledge and adoption level of the farmers were assessed before and after usage of mobile apps in getting agro advisory services in crop cultivation from land preparation to marketing. The farmers gained more knowledge by using Kisan Suvitha app. The farmers who were using Farmer mobile app and e-Nam mobile apps gained medium level of knowledge in crop cultivation method.  Farmers could able to adopt 70 percent of the technologies by following Kisan Suvitha app whereas the farmers followed the Farmer mobile app and e-Nam app adopted the technologies for 64 and 60 percentage respectively. the farmers who followed the Kisan Suvidha app obtained a more yield of 61.1 q/ha. Whereas, the Farmer Mobile App users obtained 57.0 q/ha followed by e-Nam mobile apps users obtained a yield of 55.0 q/ha.
The Dynamics of University-School Partnerships in Teacher Education Practicum: A Comprehensive Analysis and Framework for Successful Implementation
Authors: Weerakoon Sunil , Careemdeen Jalal Deen
Published: January 2024

This research delves into the dynamics of university-school partnerships in the context of the teaching practicum at the Open University of Sri Lanka, aiming to develop a framework for successful implementation. The study recognizes the critical role of the teaching practicum in shaping effective educators and acknowledges the diverse teacher education programs offered by the Faculty of Education. The literature review establishes the importance of the teacher education practicum, emphasizing its role as a bridge between theoretical knowledge and practical classroom experiences. University-school partnerships are explored as integral to the success of the practicum, with various models identified, including the clinical practice model and co-teaching model. Challenges in these partnerships, such as communication gaps and differing expectations, are discussed. Existing frameworks and strategies for successful implementation are also examined, highlighting the need for a collective approach and reciprocal learning models. The methodology involves a qualitative research approach, including documentary analysis and focus group discussions with master teachers and university academics. The research objectives include identifying the existing framework of the teaching practicum, exploring strategies for enhancing its quality, and establishing a new school-university partnership framework. Results and discussions present the existing framework of the teaching practicum at the Open University of Sri Lanka, emphasizing specific assessment mechanisms and school-based projects. Stakeholders' perspectives contribute to the formulation of innovative strategies, such as improving program interactions, building partnerships with model schools, and creating a stable master-teacher pool. A conceptual framework/model is proposed, illustrating the collaborative synergy between the university and schools to optimize the teaching practicum. In conclusion, the study underscores the critical role of a robust university-school partnership in the success of the teaching practicum. Recommendations include enhancing communication, capacity building for examiners, implementing innovative partnership strategies, maintaining a stable master teacher pool, establishing empirical arrangements, and creating a dedicated helpdesk. The research findings provide valuable insights for improving the quality and impact of the teaching practicum at the Open University of Sri Lanka.
Integrated Management of Fusarium Wilt of Chilli (Capsicum annuum L.) Caused by Fusarium solani
Authors: Chowdary G. B. S. Manikantha , Bagadi Rohit Kumar , Raju Gorla Venkata , Charishma K. Vimala , Sagar B. Surendra
Published: January 2024

Chilli is an important spice cum vegetable crop from the Solanaceae family grown around the world for its pungent flavor. Fusarium wilt of chilli is one of the most important diseases as it drastically reduces the yield. In the present experiment a total of 4 different botanical extracts and 4 isolates of Trichoderma were evaluated against the growth of wilt pathogen Fusarium solani. Among them neem oil and Tr1 isolate of Trichoderma recorded better results hence they were selected and further studied under pot culture conditions alone in combinations with panchagavya on the incidence of Fusarium wilt of chilli in local variety of chilli Out of 7 different treatments tested, highest germination (93.24%) was recorded from T7. And, highest percent disease inhibition of Fusarium wilt (69.56%) was recorded from T7. On a similar note, plant growth parameters such as improved plant height, dry weight, no. of flowers/ fruits per plant and fruit length were recorded from plants treated with T7. It was clear the IDM strategies perform better in reducing disease as compared to that of chemical control besides improving yield and growth of treated plants.
Gender and Parental Income Disparities in Secondary School Students' Hard Skills Levels: A Study in Sri Lanka
Authors: Careemdeen Jalal Deen
Published: January 2024

Aims: This research investigates the intricate interplay between gender and parental income as pivotal determinants influencing hard skills proficiency among secondary school students in Sri Lanka. Positioned within the dynamic landscape of secondary education, the study aims to unravel the nuanced factors that contribute to educational disparities.

Study Design:  Methodologically, a quantitative research design was employed, utilising a survey-based approach to gather data from a diverse sample of 1350 secondary school students in Sri Lanka. The sampling strategy employed was stratified random sampling, ensuring representation across various socio-economic strata. The study used rigorous measures to guarantee the questionnaire's validity and reliability, enhancing the findings' robustness.

Place and Duration of Study: Situated within the diverse socio-economic landscape of Sri Lanka, the research spans secondary schools in different regions of the country. The study duration encompassed a specific timeframe, providing a snapshot of the current state of affairs within the evolving educational system of Sri Lanka

Methodology: The findings revealed moderately high overall hard skills proficiency levels among secondary school students, with notable variations in language skills and project contribution. Significant gender-based disparities and parental income variations were identified, underscoring the necessity for targeted interventions. The study's contribution to the discourse on educational equity and social justice is evident, emphasising the broader societal and economic contexts.

Results: The research findings highlight gender-based differences and parental income disparities, shedding light on specific areas where interventions are urgently needed. Language skills and project contribution emerged as key domains where variations were pronounced, providing actionable insights for policymakers and educators

Conclusion: This research highlights the urgency of implementing gender-sensitive educational interventions, initiatives to enhance computer skills, and targeted support for low-income families in Sri Lanka. Emphasising the necessity for policy changes prioritizing educational equity and advocating for community engagement initiatives, the successful application of these recommendations in Sri Lanka could serve as a blueprint for fostering inclusive and equitable learning environments globally.
Implementation of Prescriptive Practice: A Course to Facilitate Transition from Theory into Practice
Authors: Dresser Jane G. , Herzberg Carol L. , Yoder Susan Dirksen
Published: August 2002

In April 1995, Wisconsin’s law initiating independent prescriptive authority for advanced practice nurses went into effect. At the Milwaukee County Mental Health Division, state-licensed advanced practice psychiatric nurse prescribers were now eligible to prescribe medication, but they had no experience in doing so. Advanced practice psychiatric nurse prescribers needed the opportunity to synthesize previous learning and prescribing principles. This article will discuss the development of an innovative course that prepares learners for their new role through case presentations and clinical mentorship experiences.
Geriatric Mental Health: An Overview
Authors: Morris Diana Lynn
Published: August 2002

The well-being of older adults is a major social and health concern in the United States. Of particular import is the mental health of the expanding older adult population. Older adults often receive inadequate or inappropriate mental health services. Provision of appropriate, efficacious care is a challenge because of the complexity of determining the differential diagnosis of health problems in elders. Mental health professionals require knowledge not only of the unique presentation of psychiatric disorders in older adults but also of normal aging, diseases and disabilities of aging, and the cultural diversity found between and among subgroups. For the purposes of this article, emphasis will be placed on geriatric mental health, including issues and barriers that have affected the diagnosis and treatment of mental health problems and psychiatric disorders in older adults. Areas of concern identified in the recent Surgeon General’s reports on older adult suicide and mental health will be presented. A case example will be used to illustrate key issues in geriatric mental health care.
Age Differences in Anger Frequency, Intensity, and Expression
Authors: Thomas Sandra P.
Published: August 2002

BACKGROUND: Although research consistently indicates harmful effects of mismanaged anger, little attention has been given to age differences in the experience and expression of this emotion. It is plausible that, with age and experience, people have less intense anger or learn to manage it more constructively.

OBJECTIVE: The purpose of this project was to examine age differences in anger frequency, intensity, and expression in a nonclinical sample of students, faculty, and staff who participated in a health fair at a large southeastern university.

STUDY DESIGN: This descriptive study involved a predominantly white sample, ranging in age from 18 to 76 years. There were 206 men and 199 women. Anger variables were measured by an instrument to assess anger at home and at work or school.

RESULTS: No significant age differences were found in anger experienced at home. Women in their 40s scored significantly higher on anger at work than did women of other ages; moreover, their scores were almost twice as high as the scores of men in their 40s. Significant age and gender differences were found in the propensity to overtly express anger, with younger women (those in their 20s and 30s) having the highest mean scores on Total Expressed Anger.

CONCLUSIONS: Findings of this study suggest the need for continued exploration of anger in samples of diverse ages so that anger management interventions can be appropriately tailored for clients.