bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
CSEO – the Cigarette Smoke Exposure Ontology
Authors: Younesi Erfan , Ansari Sam , Guendel Michaela , Ahmadi Shiva , Coggins Chris , Hoeng Julia , Hofmann-Apitius Martin , Peitsch Manuel C
Published: July 2014

Background

In the past years, significant progress has been made to develop and use experimental settings for extensive data collection on tobacco smoke exposure and tobacco smoke exposure-associated diseases. Due to the growing number of such data, there is a need for domain-specific standard ontologies to facilitate the integration of tobacco exposure data.

Results

The CSEO (version 1.0) is composed of 20091 concepts. The ontology in its current form is able to capture a wide range of cigarette smoke exposure concepts within the knowledge domain of exposure science with a reasonable sensitivity and specificity. Moreover, it showed a promising performance when used to answer domain expert questions. The CSEO complies with standard upper-level ontologies and is freely accessible to the scientific community through a dedicated wiki at https://publicwiki-01.fraunhofer.de/CSEO-Wiki/index.php/Main_Page.

Conclusions

The CSEO has potential to become a widely used standard within the academic and industrial community. Mainly because of the emerging need of systems toxicology to controlled vocabularies and also the lack of suitable ontologies for this domain, the CSEO prepares the ground for integrative systems-based research in the exposure science.
Willingness to pay to avoid metastatic breast cancer treatment side effects: results from a conjoint analysis
Authors: Lalla Deepa , Carlton Rashad , Santos Eduardo , Bramley Thomas , D’Souza Anna
Published: July 2014

Purpose

Metastatic breast cancer (MBC) patients are treated with a variety of regimens with differing side effects that can reduce the patients’ quality of life. This study assessed the willingness to pay (WTP) to avoid side effects related to MBC treatment using conjoint analysis.

Methods

An online, self-administered conjoint analysis survey of US adult female MBC patients was conducted to elicit preferences for MBC treatment side effects. Attributes included in the analysis were hair loss, diarrhea, fatigue, nausea, tingling in hands and feet, pain, risk of infection, and out-of-pocket costs. Fifteen choice-based conjoint questions were presented where patients selected the most preferred therapy. A partial profile design was used to allow for each treatment description to be made with 3 instead of all 8 attributes. The attribute choices for each question included 2 side effects and a yearly out-of-pocket price.

Results

There were 298 respondents. MBC patients were willing to pay (US$) $3,894 to avoid severe diarrhea, $3,479 to avoid being hospitalized due to infection, $3,211 to avoid severe nausea, $2,764 to avoid severe tingling in hands and feet, $2,652 to avoid severe fatigue, $1,853 to avoid obvious hair loss, and $1,458 to avoid severe pain. The most important attributes when selecting a therapy for MBC in terms of average utility were risk of infection, diarrhea, and nausea.

Conclusions

MBC patients were willing to pay significant amounts to avoid side effects associated with MBC treatment, with patients willing to pay the most to avoid diarrhea, risk of infection, and nausea.
New challenges in dietary pattern analysis: combined dietary patterns and calorie adjusted factor analysis in type 2 diabetic patients
Authors: Shadman Zhaleh , Akhoundan Mahdieh , Poorsoltan Nooshin , Larijani Bagher , Qorbani Mostafa , Nikoo Mohsen Khoshniat
Published: July 2014

Background

Some variability for dietary pattern analysis due to subjective procedures (e.g. arbitrary food categorization and number of factors extraction) was reported. The aim of this study was to present or design a new approach to challenge the conventional dietary pattern analysis through new classification of dietary patterns according to the possibility of the high adherence to more than one dietary pattern and calorie adjusted factor extracting.

Methods

This cross-sectional study conducted on 734 type2 diabetic patients. Factor analysis defined three major dietary patterns (Western like, Asian like and Traditional like) and the associations of each pattern were assessed with glycemic control and lipid profiles among tertiles of each pattern. In order to compare variables in highest tertile of three defined dietary patterns, eight new different groups were classified according to the high adherence to one or more patterns and ANOVA and ANCOVA were used to compare them. Also, calorie adjusted factor extracting were done to find out if the same factor loadings would be extract.

Results

Among three major dietary patterns, only Western like showed a significant association with fasting blood sugar (p = 0.03, 12.49 ± 5.99), serum total cholesterol (p = 0.02, 8.71 ± 3.81) and LDL cholesterol (p = 0.04, 5.04 ± 2.40). While comparison of new classified patterns, showed no significant differences, except a high blood glucose in Western like- Asian like versus traditional like dietary pattern (p = 0.04). Also, calorie adjusted factor extracting showed different factor loadings.

Conclusions

Results showed that the conventional dietary pattern analysis method may have substantial limitations in interpreting the results and may lead to inappropriate conclusions.
Similarity method for the study of strong shock waves in magnetogasdynamics
Authors: Arora Rajan , Yadav Sanjay , Siddiqui Mohd Junaid
Published: July 2014

In this paper, a non-dimensional unsteady adiabatic flow of a plane or cylindrical strong shock wave propagating in plasma is studied. The plasma is assumed to be an ideal gas with infinite electrical conductivity permeated by a transverse magnetic field. A self-similar solution of the problem is obtained in terms of density, velocity and pressure in the presence of magnetic field. We use the method of Lie group invariance to determine the class of self-similar solutions. The arbitrary constants, occurring in the expressions of the generators of the local Lie group of transformations, give rise to different cases of possible solutions with a power law, exponential or logarithmic shock paths. A particular case of the collapse of an imploding shock is worked out in detail. Numerical calculations have been performed to obtain the similarity exponents and the profiles of flow variables. Our results are found in good agreement with the known results. All computational work is performed by using software package MATHEMATICA.
Agents that increase AAM differentiation blunt RSV-mediated lung pathology
Authors: Shirey Kari Ann , Lai Wendy , Pletneva Lioubov M , Finkelman Fred D , Feola David J , Blanco Jorge C G , Vogel Stefanie N
Published: July 2014

RSV is the most significant cause of serious lower respiratory tract infection in infants and young children worldwide. There is currently no vaccine for the virus, and antiviral therapy (e.g., ribavirin) has shown no efficacy against the disease. We reported that alternatively activated macrophages (AAMs) mediate resolution of RSV-induced pathology. AAM differentiation requires macrophage-derived IL-4 and -13, autocrine/paracrine signaling through the type I IL-4 receptor, and STAT6 activation. Based on these findings, we reasoned that it would be possible to intervene therapeutically in RSV disease by increasing AAM differentiation, thereby decreasing lung pathology. Mice treated with the IL-4/anti-IL-4 immune complexes, shown previously to sustain levels of circulating IL-4, increased the RSV-induced AAM markers arginase-1 and mannose receptor and decreased the lung pathology. Induction of PPARγ, shown to play a role in AAM development, by the PPARγ agonist rosiglitazone or treatment of mice with the macrolide antibiotic AZM, also reported to skew macrophage differentiation to an AAM phenotype, increased the AAM markers and mitigated RSV-induced lung pathology. Collectively, our data suggest that therapeutic manipulation of macrophage differentiation to enhance the AAM phenotype is a viable approach for ameliorating RSV-induced disease.
Strong Amphiphobic Porous Films with Oily-self-cleaning Property beyond Nature
Authors: Zeng Jiawen , Wang Ben , Zhang Yabin , Zhu Huan , Guo Zhiguang
Published: July 2014

The lotus leaf is known as one of the natural self-cleaning plants, which can easily roll off water but not oil droplets. Herein, a simple chemical bath deposition method to fabricate superhydrophobic and strong oleophobic surfaces was presented on porous substrates such as fabrics and nickel foams. The resultant substrates exhibited excellent superhydrophobicity and good oil repellency. More significantly, such surfaces possessed self-cleaning property for water, as well as to oils such as glycerol and rapeseed oil.
Aspiration in injections: should we continue or abandon the practice?
Authors: Sepah Yasir , Samad Lubna , Altaf Arshad , Rajagopalan Nithya , Javed Khan Aamir
Published: July 2014

Aspiration during any kind of injection is meant to ensure that the needle tip is at the desired location during this blind procedure. While aspiration appears to be a simple procedure, it has generated a lot of controversy concerning the perceived benefits and indications. Advocates and opponents of aspiration both make logically sound claims. However, due to scarcity of available data, there is no evidence that this procedure is truly beneficial or unwarranted. Keeping in view the huge number of injections given worldwide, it is important that we draw attention to key questions regarding aspiration that, up till now, remain unanswered. In this review, we have attempted to gather and present literature on aspiration both from published and non-published sources in order to provide not only an exhaustive review of the subject, but also a starting point for further studies on more specific areas requiring clarification. A literature review was conducted using the US National Institute of Health’s PubMed service (including Medline), Google Scholar and Scopus. Guidelines provided by the World Health Organization, Safe Injection Global Network, International Council of Nursing, Center for Disease Control, US Federal Drug Agency, UK National Health Services, British Medical Association, Europe Nursing and Midwifery Council, Public Health Agency Canada, Pakistan Medical Association and International Organization of Standardization recommendations 7886 parts 1-4 for sterile hypodermics were reviewed for relevant information. In addition, curricula of several medical/-nursing schools from India, Nigeria and Pakistan, the US pharmacopeia Data from the WHO Program for International Drug Monitoring network in regard to adverse events as a result of not aspirating prior to injection delivery were reviewed. Curricula of selected major medical/nursing schools in India, Nigeria and Pakistan, national therapeutic formularies, product inserts of most commonly used drugs and other possible sources of information regarding aspiration and injections were consulted as well.
Global distribution and trends of tropospheric ozone: An observation-based review
Authors: Cooper O. R. , Parrish D. D. , Ziemke J. , Balashov N. V. , Cupeiro M. , Galbally I. E. , Gilge S. , Horowitz L. , Jensen N. R. , Lamarque J.-F. , Naik V. , Oltmans S. J. , Schwab J. , Shindell D. T. , Thompson A. M. , Thouret V. , Wang Y. , Zbinden R. M.
Published: July 2014

Tropospheric ozone plays a major role in Earth’s atmospheric chemistry processes and also acts as an air pollutant and greenhouse gas. Due to its short lifetime, and dependence on sunlight and precursor emissions from natural and anthropogenic sources, tropospheric ozone’s abundance is highly variable in space and time on seasonal, interannual and decadal time-scales. Recent, and sometimes rapid, changes in observed ozone mixing ratios and ozone precursor emissions inspired us to produce this up-to-date overview of tropospheric ozone’s global distribution and trends. Much of the text is a synthesis of in situ and remotely sensed ozone observations reported in the peer-reviewed literature, but we also include some new and extended analyses using well-known and referenced datasets to draw connections between ozone trends and distributions in different regions of the world. In addition, we provide a brief evaluation of the accuracy of rural or remote surface ozone trends calculated by three state-of-the-science chemistry-climate models, the tools used by scientists to fill the gaps in our knowledge of global tropospheric ozone distribution and trends.
Addressing the phenomenal rise of tuberculosis in the UK
Authors: Tamne Surinder
Published: July 2014

PUBLIC HEALTH

Primary care nurses have a crucial public health role in controlling and preventing the spread of tuberculosis, says Surinder Tamne
Agamben and the political positioning of child welfare-involved mothers in child protective services
Authors: Waterhouse Lorraine , McGhee Janice
Published: July 2014

In the UK, protecting children from maltreatment is an administrative and juridical system with law as ultimate arbiter of whether a mother may retain care of her child. The primary legal principle is the child’s best interests. This article draws on Giorgio Agamben’s (1995) theory of ‘bare life’ to examine the identity and the political positioning of child welfare-involved mothers in contemporary Western child protection systems to complement the primary focus on their children. A fundamental underlying issue, namely the control of life and its significance for women involved with state bureaucratic administrative and legal child protective services, is examined along with its significance for the biopolitical identity of child welfare-involved mothers in child protective services.
Targeting macrophage Histone deacetylase 3 stabilizes atherosclerotic lesions
Authors: Hoeksema Marten A , Gijbels Marion JJ , Van den Bossche Jan , van der Velden Saskia , Sijm Ayestha , Neele Annette E , Seijkens Tom , Stöger J Lauran , Meiler Svenja , Boshuizen Marieke CS , Dallinga‐Thie Geesje M , Levels Johannes HM , Boon Louis , Mullican Shannon E , Spann Nathanael J , Cleutjens Jack P , Glass Chris K , Lazar Mitchell A , de Vries Carlie JM , Biessen Erik AL , Daemen Mat JAP , Lutgens Esther , de Winther Menno PJ
Published: July 2014

Macrophages are key immune cells found in atherosclerotic plaques and critically shape atherosclerotic disease development. Targeting the functional repertoire of macrophages may hold novel approaches for future atherosclerosis management. Here, we describe a previously unrecognized role of the epigenomic enzyme Histone deacetylase 3 (Hdac3) in regulating the atherosclerotic phenotype of macrophages. Using conditional knockout mice, we found that myeloid Hdac3 deficiency promotes collagen deposition in atherosclerotic lesions and thus induces a stable plaque phenotype. Also, macrophages presented a switch to anti‐inflammatory wound healing characteristics and showed improved lipid handling. The pro‐fibrotic phenotype was directly linked to epigenetic regulation of the Tgfb1 locus upon Hdac3 deletion, driving smooth muscle cells to increased collagen production. Moreover, in humans, HDAC3 was the sole Hdac upregulated in ruptured atherosclerotic lesions, Hdac3 associated with inflammatory macrophages, and HDAC3 expression inversely correlated with pro‐fibrotic TGFB1 expression. Collectively, we show that targeting the macrophage epigenome can improve atherosclerosis outcome and we identify Hdac3 as a potential novel therapeutic target in cardiovascular disease.
Hepatoma-derived growth factor: from the bovine uterus to the in vitro embryo culture
Authors: Gómez E , Correia-Álvarez E , Caamaño J N , Díez C , Carrocera S , Peynot N , Martín D , Giraud-Delville C , Duranthon V , Sandra O , Muñoz M
Published: July 2014

Early in cow embryo development, hepatoma-derived growth factor (HDGF) is detectable in uterine fluid. The origin of HDGF in maternal tissues is unknown, as is the effect of the induction on developing embryos. Herein, we analyze HDGF expression in day 8 endometrium exposed to embryos, as well as the effects of recombinant HDGF (rHDGF) on embryo growth. Exposure to embryos did not alter endometrial levels ofHDGFmRNA or protein. HDGF protein localized to cell nuclei in the luminal epithelium and superficial glands and to the apical cytoplasm in deep glands. After uterine passage, levels of embryonicHDGFmRNA decreased and HDGF protein was detected only in the trophectoderm. In fetal fibroblast cultures, addition of rHDGF promoted cell proliferation. In experiments with group cultures of morulae in protein-free medium containing polyvinyl alcohol, adding rHDGF inhibited blastocyst development and did not affect cell counts when the morulae were early (day 5), whereas it enhanced blastocyst development and increased cell counts when the morulae were compact (day 6). In cultures of individual day 6 morulae, adding rHDGF promoted blastocyst development and increased cell counts. Our experiments with rHDGF indicate that the growth factor stimulates embryonic development and cell proliferation. HDGF is synthesized similarly by the endometrium and embryo, and it may exert embryotropic effects by autocrine and/or paracrine mechanisms.
A Defined Zebrafish Line for High-Throughput Genetics and Genomics: NHGRI-1
Authors: LaFave Matthew C , Varshney Gaurav K , Vemulapalli Meghana , Mullikin James C , Burgess Shawn M
Published: July 2014

Substantial intrastrain variation at the nucleotide level complicates molecular and genetic studies in zebrafish, such as the use of CRISPRs or morpholinos to inactivate genes. In the absence of robust inbred zebrafish lines, we generated NHGRI-1, a healthy and fecund strain derived from founder parents we sequenced to a depth of ∼50×. Within this strain, we have identified the majority of the genome that matches the reference sequence and documented most of the variants. This strain has utility for many reasons, but in particular it will be useful for any researcher who needs to know the exact sequence (with all variants) of a particular genomic region or who wants to be able to robustly map sequences back to a genome with all possible variants defined.
Genetic Diversity in Introduced Populations with an Allee Effect
Authors: Wittmann Meike J , Gabriel Wilfried , Metzler Dirk
Published: July 2014

A phenomenon that strongly influences the demography of small introduced populations and thereby potentially their genetic diversity is the demographic Allee effect, a reduction in population growth rates at small population sizes. We take a stochastic modeling approach to investigate levels of genetic diversity in populations that successfully overcame either a strong Allee effect, in which populations smaller than a certain critical size are expected to decline, or a weak Allee effect, in which the population growth rate is reduced at small sizes but not negative. Our results indicate that compared to successful populations without an Allee effect, successful populations with a strong Allee effect tend to (1) derive from larger founder population sizes and thus have a higher initial amount of genetic variation, (2) spend fewer generations at small population sizes where genetic drift is particularly strong, and (3) spend more time around the critical population size and thus experience more genetic drift there. In the case of multiple introduction events, there is an additional increase in diversity because Allee-effect populations tend to derive from a larger number of introduction events than other populations. Altogether, a strong Allee effect can either increase or decrease genetic diversity, depending on the average founder population size. By contrast, a weak Allee effect tends to decrease genetic diversity across the entire range of founder population sizes. Finally, we show that it is possible in principle to infer critical population sizes from genetic data, although this would require information from many independently introduced populations.
Population Genetic Consequences of the Allee Effect and the Role of Offspring-Number Variation
Authors: Wittmann Meike J , Gabriel Wilfried , Metzler Dirk
Published: July 2014

A strong demographic Allee effect in which the expected population growth rate is negative below a certain critical population size can cause high extinction probabilities in small introduced populations. But many species are repeatedly introduced to the same location and eventually one population may overcome the Allee effect by chance. With the help of stochastic models, we investigate how much genetic diversity such successful populations harbor on average and how this depends on offspring-number variation, an important source of stochastic variability in population size. We find that with increasing variability, the Allee effect increasingly promotes genetic diversity in successful populations. Successful Allee-effect populations with highly variable population dynamics escape rapidly from the region of small population sizes and do not linger around the critical population size. Therefore, they are exposed to relatively little genetic drift. It is also conceivable, however, that an Allee effect itself leads to an increase in offspring-number variation. In this case, successful populations with an Allee effect can exhibit less genetic diversity despite growing faster at small population sizes. Unlike in many classical population genetics models, the role of offspring-number variation for the population genetic consequences of the Allee effect cannot be accounted for by an effective-population-size correction. Thus, our results highlight the importance of detailed biological knowledge, in this case on the probability distribution of family sizes, when predicting the evolutionary potential of newly founded populations or when using genetic data to reconstruct their demographic history.
Graphene Grown on Ion-Implanted 4H-SiC and an Effect of Pre-Plasma Treatment
Authors: Sugimachi Toru , Shiina Yusuke , Aoyagi Daiki , Nishimura Tomoaki , Nakamura Tohru
Published: July 2014

4H-SiC substrates were annealed at 1500 °C for 30 min in 0.01 MPa Ar gas flow to make a graphene film. To clarify the effect of Al ion implantation and pre-plasma treatment, the graphene was fabricated on four different kinds of SiC substrates: without plasma treatment, with plasma treatment, Al ion-implanted without plasma treatment and Al ion-implanted with plasma treatment. The graphene films were analyzed by AFM and Raman spectroscopy. The Al ion implanted sample, which was then processed by CF4 plasma, showed small surface roughness of 3.49 nm (RMS), while the sample without CF4 plasma treatment showed large surface roughness of 8.41nm. Similar results were also observed for SiC samples without Al ion implantation. In Raman spectra, strong D-band, G-band and 2D-band signals were detected on both ion-implanted samples after annealing at 1500 °C, but weak D-band were observed on both samples without Al ion implantation. Raman mapping (2D-FWHM) showed that the graphene on ion-implanted SiC treated with CF4 plasma was more homogeneous than the one without CF4 plasma treatment. Hall measurements for SiC without Al ion implantation showed that graphene on SiC treated with CF4 plasma has higher mobility (389 cm2/Vs) than that without plasma treatment (136 cm2/Vs). Additionally, p-type graphene can be fabricated on Al ion-implanted SiC by CF4 plasma treatment.
Membrana de Liliequist: avaliação radiológica e suas implicações clínicas e terapêuticas
Authors: Dias Daniel Aguiar , Castro Fábio Luiz Onuki , Yared James Henrique , Lucas Júnior Ademar , Ferreira Nelson Fortes Paes Diniz , Ferreira Filho Luiz Alves
Published: July 2014

A membrana de Liliequist, de maneira simplista e sucinta, pode ser entendida como uma projeção formada pela aracnoide que se estende do dorso da sela turca aos corpos mamilares. Apesar de se tratar de uma estrutura anatômica bem conhecida pelos neurocirurgiões, muitos radiologistas não a conhecem ou não valorizam seu estudo. A avaliação por imagem desta membrana é factível e pode ser interessante para o melhor planejamento pré-operatório, avaliação pós-operatória de terceiro-ventriculostomias e entendimento dos cistos aracnoides suprasselares e hemorragias perimesencefálicas. Ilustramos neste artigo os aspectos anatômicos da membrana, sobretudo do ponto de vista de imagem, além de suas possíveis implicações clinicocirúrgicas.
Avaliação ultrassonográfica da gordura visceral e subcutânea em crianças obesas
Authors: Sakuno Telma , Tomita Letícia Mary , Tomita Carolina Mywa , Giuliano Isabela de Carlos Back , Ibagy Amanda , Perin Nilza Maria Medeiros , Poeta Lisiane Schilling
Published: July 2014

Objetivo: Avaliar as medidas ultrassonográficas da gordura visceral e subcutânea em crianças e testar se a gordura pré-peritoneal (GPP) e o índice de gordura da parede abdominal (IGPA) são parâmetros úteis para determinar a gordura visceral e a presença de doença hepática gordurosa não alcoólica (DHGNA) em crianças obesas. Materiais e Métodos: Estudo tipo caso-controle, com uma amostra de 44 crianças, sendo 22 casos e 22 controles, pareados conforme sexo e idade. Os resultados foram analisados de forma descritiva e bivariada, com teste t de Student e teste exato de Fischer. Resultados: Os parâmetros ultrassonográficos avaliados - tecido celular subcutâneo, GPP e gorduras intraperitoneais, e DHGNA - obtiveram elevada associação estatística com o índice de massa corpórea. A DHGNA foi observada em oito pacientes obesos (36,36%), sendo que a GPP e o IGPA foram as variáveis com maior significância estatística, com valor de p < 0,0001. Conclusão: A ultrassonografia permite diferenciar e quantificar a gordura visceral e subcutânea nas crianças. As medidas da GPP e do IGPA são úteis para a avaliação da gordura visceral e DHGNA em crianças obesas.
Os desafios da nanotecnologia para a vigilância sanitária de medicamentos
Authors: Batista Ariane de Jesus Sousa , Pepe Vera Lúcia Edais
Published: July 2014

No Brasil, o desenvolvimento de medicamentos nanotecnológicos eficazes, seguros e com alta relação custo/benefício é estratégico para a Saúde Coletiva. A falta de informações requer uma regulação sanitária voltada à proteção da saúde e do ambiente. Objetiva-se identificar o estágio de desenvolvimento e o marco regulatório dos medicamentos nanotecnológicos e seus desafios no Brasil, enfatizando a segurança sanitária. Foi realizada uma análise documental em sítios de agências reguladoras, nacional e internacionais. Apesar da incipiente regulação destes medicamentos, foram encontrados 7 registrados, no Brasil, sem identificação clara na bula e na embalagem quanto às suas constituições nanotecnológicas, e 4 como medicamentos similares. A avaliação de risco e a regulação desses medicamentos exigem pessoas e equipamentos especializados, bem como a participação da sociedade na definição e implementação das políticas regulatórias. Sugere-se que a regulação considere o princípio da precaução, sendo o registro feito como medicamento novo e com informação na rotulagem e uso monitorado, de forma que sejam obtidos novos resultados sobre a avaliação de seu risco.
Intenção de amamentar e de introdução de alimentação complementar de puérperas de um Hospital-Escola do sul do Brasil
Authors: Machado Adriana Kramer Fiala , Elert Vanessa Winkel , Pretto Alessandra Doumid Borges , Pastore Carla Alberici
Published: July 2014

O objetivo deste artigo é analisar a intenção de puérperas de amamentar e as perspectivas de introdução de alimentos complementares no primeiro ano de vida da criança. Estudo transversal descritivo, realizado no Hospital Escola da Universidade Federal de Pelotas (RS), de Setembro a Dezembro de 2010. Os dados foram obtidos através de um questionário padronizado, contemplando perguntas sobre fatores socioeconômicos, amamentação e alimentação complementar. Participaram 170 puérperas com idade média de 26,5 ± 5,8 anos. Dentre elas, 99% realizaram pré-natal, mas apenas 49% referiram ter recebido informação sobre aleitamento materno e/ou alimentação complementar nestas consultas. Todas as mães informaram pretender amamentar, sendo a média do aleitamento exclusivo pretendido de 5,5 ± 1,6 meses. As variáveis associadas a maior tempo de intenção de amamentação foram maior escolaridade, não trabalhar fora do lar, menor idade materna e ter recebido informações sobre amamentação durante o pré-natal. Quanto à alimentação complementar, caldo de feijão foi o alimento mais pretendido pelas mães para o primeiro ano de vida, com 99,41% de aceitação, enquanto chá foi o de intenção mais precoce. O tempo de amamentação exclusiva foi aquém do preconizado pela OMS e a alimentação complementar mostrou-se equivocada.
Atitudes infantis face aos cuidados de saúde e perceção de dor: papel mediador dos medos médicos
Authors: Fernandes Sara Costa , Arriaga Patrícia , Esteves Francisco
Published: July 2014

O presente estudo pretende contribuir para a compreensão das atitudes e opiniões das crianças acerca dos cuidados de saúde, com enfoque nos procedimentos médicos, instituições e eficácia dos profissionais. Participaram no estudo 381 crianças, recrutadas em diversas instituições escolares da área de Lisboa. As atitudes mais negativas foram atribuídas às instituições, enquanto as mais positivas incidiram na eficácia dos profissionais. Os procedimentos médicos foram considerados menos dolorosos comparativamente aos potenciais acidentes do quotidiano. Os níveis mais elevados de dor percebida foram reportados pelas crianças do sexo feminino e pelas do 1º ciclo de escolaridade. Os medos médicos mediaram significativamente a relação entre a perceção de dor e as atitudes infantis face aos cuidados de saúde. A maior perceção de dor mostrou estar associada a atitudes mais negativas, porém, esta relação ficou enfraquecida quando contemplados os medos infantis face a temáticas médicas. Em suma, é fundamental poder avaliar as atitudes infantis face aos cuidados de saúde, o que poderá contribuir para o desenvolvimento de programas de intervenção no âmbito da promoção de comportamentos.
Adaptación transcultural del cuestionario KIDSCREEN para medir calidad de vida relacionada con la salud en población mexicana de 8 a 18 años
Authors: Hidalgo-Rasmussen Carlos Alejandro , Rajmil Luis , Espinoza Rosa Montaño
Published: July 2014

Con el objeto de adaptar culturalmente el cuestionario KIDSCREEN-52 a adolescentes mexicanos de 8 a 18 años, y analizar su fiabilidad y validez, se realizó la traducción del cuestionario del inglés al español y una retro traducción. Se realizaron entrevistas cognitivas y un análisis factorial confirmatorio (AFC) para verificar la validez del contenido del cuestionario. Se compararon las puntuaciones de las dimensiones siguiendo los mismos criterios que en otras versiones (ej. Argentina) para analizar la validez de constructo, y se verificó la fiabilidad. La validez del contenido mantuvo las características del cuestionario original. El AFC confirmó la estructura de las 10 dimensiones originales. Dos escalas mostraron efecto techo. La consistencia interna del instrumento fue aceptable (rango 0,5-0,86) y la reproducibilidad obtuvo coeficientes bajos en 5 dimensiones (0,22-0,78). La versión mexicana del cuestionario KIDSCREEN-52 es equivalente al original en términos de contenido, estructura, y validez de constructo. En conclusión, el instrumento KIDSCREEN-52 es adecuado para aplicarse en población mexicana de estudiantes de 8 a 18 años. Son necesarios nuevos estudios para explorar su aplicación en contextos clínicos.
Itinerários terapêuticos de travestis da região central do Rio Grande do Sul, Brasil
Authors: Souza Martha Helena Teixeira de , Signorelli Marcos Claudio , Coviello Denise Martin , Pereira Pedro Paulo Gomes
Published: July 2014

A proposta geral deste texto é apresentar os itinerários terapêuticos de travestis do município de Santa Maria, região central do Rio Grande do Sul. O estudo objetivou acompanhar as complexas trajetórias percorridas pelas travestis, em busca de cuidados com a saúde. A pesquisa de campo realizou-se no período compreendido de janeiro a novembro de 2012, com travestis advindas de municípios do Rio Grande do Sul, residindo em Santa Maria no momento da pesquisa. Trata-se de metodologia qualitativa por meio de pesquisa etnográfica. Os resultados demonstraram que as interlocutoras evitam os serviços institucionalizados de saúde, optando por outras formas de cuidado. Destacou-se em relação a esse aspecto que, das 49 travestis que fizeram parte da pesquisa, 48 frequentavam o que denominavam de "casas de religião afro" ou "batuque". As interlocutoras indicaram sua opção em frequentar as "casas de religião afro" por identificá-las como espaços que, sem questionar as modificações corporais e sua orientação sexual, ofereciam formas de cuidado e proteção. Este artigo pode contribuir proporcionando certa visibilidade às inusitadas trajetórias das travestis em busca de cuidado em saúde.
Determinação dos parâmetros da distribuição gama e média pluviométrica decendial para estações do estado de Mato Grosso
Authors: Paiva Sobrinho Severino de , Matos Victor Arlindo Taveira de , Pereira Ana Paula Meira Soares , Pivetta Fernando , Seixas Guilherme Barros , Campelo Junior Jose Holanda
Published: July 2014

O estado de Mato Grosso está entre os maiores produtores de grãos do Brasil sendo responsável por parte das mercadorias que o país exporta, sendo estas dependentes das precipitações pluviométricas. Em virtude destes fatos no presente trabalho objetivou-se a utilização da Distribuição Gama (2 parâmetros) para a descrição probabilística dos totais decendiais de precipitação média em 43 estações, de modo a fornecer informações que permitam estimar a precipitação mínima esperada com uma determinada probabilidade. Observou-se que os valores de chuva apresentam elevada variabilidade espaço-temporal ao longo do estado. As estimativas do parâmetro de forma (γ) e de escala (β) variaram de 0,01 a 120,7 e de 0,01 a 336, respectivamente. Os parâmetros γ e β da Distribuição Gama podem ser utilizados para determinação de precipitação decendial esperada e os decêndios com maiores precipitações estão entre os meses de novembro a março, sendo o maior valor 186,2 mm no município de Aripuanã. As estações mais ao norte do estado apresentam os decêndios com as maiores precipitações, enquanto aquelas mais ao sul tiveram valores menores.
Aplicação de uma ferramenta objetiva para previsão de tempo severo em ambiente operacional
Authors: Pinheiro Henri Rossi , Escobar Gustavo Carlos Juan , Andrade Kelen Martins
Published: July 2014

Este estudo discute a viabilidade de se empregar uma ferramenta objetiva para previsão de tempo severo em ambiente operacional, com o propósito principal de auxiliar a rotina do meteorologista previsor. O método baseia-se na combinação de parâmetros convectivos amplamente conhecidos na literatura, como os índices de instabilidade K, Total Totals e SWEAT. Para ajudar a identificação rápida das áreas com alto potencial para gerar tempestades foram produzidas cartas de visualização, definidas a partir de critérios específicos para convecção severa. Uma alternativa para detectar áreas favoráveis à ocorrência de granizo também foi apresentada, essencialmente para aqueles eventos originados pela ação de mecanismos dinâmicos. Os limiares mostraram-se importantes para caracterização do tipo de precipitação, permitindo através deles estabelecer diferentes padrões convectivos. Os resultados mostraram que a ferramenta proposta pode representar uma alternativa eficiente para a previsão de tempo na América do Sul, permitindo em alguns casos suprir limitações corriqueiras dos modelos numéricos, principalmente no que se refere à variável precipitação.
Desclassification in knowledge organization: a post-epistemological essay
Authors: García Gutiérrez Antonio
Published: July 2014

The contents of the digital network stem from different forms, logics and cultures of knowledge. Once on the Net, however, they are all submitted to unifying formats and logics provided by digital technology itself. A technology is, first of all, the product of a given culture. Every culture and identity classifies and names all kinds of material and symbolic objects. Nowadays, the West is the one culture that has taken upon itself the task of global classification supported by its own digital networks. Classification is an epistemological tool provided by modern rationality whose internal structures and modes of inference are derived from metonymic, dichotomic and analogical reductions of the diversity of current worlds. In this paper, a kind of practical Hermeneutics, called "declassification", is introduced and proposed as the route to a knowledge which overcomes organizational epistemology. Declassification is an open system that installs logical pluralism in the core of understanding and enunciation processes through meta-cognitive tools.
Narrativas para a gestão de mudanças: um estudo de caso na indústria vidreira
Authors: Brusamolin Valério
Published: July 2014

Este artigo propõe um modelo para análise do emprego de narrativas na gestão de mudanças, descrevendo os passos a serem seguidos e listando os padrões de histórias que podem auxiliar na gestão das transformações necessárias. O modelo é aplicado no estudo de caso da criação de uma empresa, a Viton Equipamentos para a Indústria Vidreira, do Grupo Wheaton Brasil, coletando as narrativas do gestor, classificando-as e analisando-as à luz do modelo proposto. Conclui-se que gerentes e outros contadores de histórias atuam como mediadores da informação, narrando histórias que transmitem a informação certa no momento oportuno, com efeitos transformadores positivos para a organização, produzindo mudanças cognitivas necessárias, transmitindo valores, cultura e auxiliando na percepção da realidade.
Visibilidade da produção científica de grupos de pesquisa em serviço social do estado do Rio de Janeiro
Authors: Chalhub Tânia , Guerra Claudia
Published: July 2014

Pesquisa descritiva quantitativa de grupos de pesquisa em Serviço Social de universidades do Estado do Rio de Janeiro cadastrados no Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico que têm por objetivo analisar visibilidade da produção científica dos líderes desses grupos. A visibilidade dos resultados de pesquisas em Serviço Social viabilizaria a ampliação da cidadania. Foi realizado levantamento da produção na plataforma Lattes e analisado o período de 2003 a 2010. Dentre os periódicos mais utilizados por esses grupos, que representam boa parte da produção científica em Serviço Social no país, a maioria está veiculada pela forma tradicional de comunicação, publicação impressa, até 2009. Desses periódicos alguns são reconhecidos por sua abrangência nacional, porém os que apresentam maior número de artigos publicados pelo grupo estudado têm sua visibilidade comprometida por serem impressos ou por não estarem indexados em bases de dados de acesso via web. O padrão de comunicação científica corrobora o de outras áreas das Ciências Sociais, contudo não apresenta boa visibilidade como outras áreas que dispõem de número expressivo de periódicos de acesso livre e indexação em bases de dados (Science Citation Index), diretórios (Latindex) e redes cooperativas (Redalyc).
Sindicatos de bibliotecários: história e atuação
Authors: Spudeit Daniela Fernanda Assis Oliveira , Führ Fabiane
Published: July 2014

O presente artigo propõe uma discussão acadêmico-científica, na qual busca apresentar contribuições relevantes sobre a história e evolução dos sindicatos de bibliotecários, visando revelar a atual situação em que estes órgãos se encontram no Brasil. O movimento sindical, como instrumento de defesa dos direitos dos trabalhadores, vem evoluindo desde o Século XIX e impõe regras e limites para patrões e empregados. No Brasil, o sindicalismo surgiu inicialmente no meio rural e se fortaleceu durante o governo de Getúlio Vargas (1930-1945) e com a Consolidação das Leis do Trabalho, em maio de 1943, impulsionando a criação de sindicatos profissionais. Porém, somente na década de 1980, os sindicatos de Bibliotecários surgiram nos estados de Bahia, Minas Gerais, São Paulo, Paraná e Rio de Janeiro. Os demais sindicatos, nos estados de Maranhão, Santa Catarina, Pará, Amapá e Tocantins foram criados a partir dos anos 2000. Atualmente, existem três sindicatos de bibliotecários ativos, situados em São Paulo, Rio de Janeiro e no Paraná, sendo que existe um no Estado de Santa Catarina em processo de estruturação. Por meio de uma pesquisa bibliográfica e exploratória, conseguiu-se mapear e analisar a situação e a evolução dos sindicatos de bibliotecários atualmente. Percebem-se as dificuldades para estruturação e manutenção destes órgãos no país e a necessidade da participação ativa dos profissionais bibliotecários dentro dos sindicatos para o fortalecimento de sua própria profissão, visando garantir seus direitos e valorização da profissão pela sociedade.
O teorema dos eixos perpendiculares para um corpo rígido qualquer
Authors: Breitschaft Ana Maria Senra , Barbosa Valmar Carneiro
Published: July 2014

Apresentamos a forma geral do teorema dos eixos perpendiculares, a qual pode ser aplicada a qualquer corpo rígido, e obtemos a sua versão válida para qualquer sólido de revolução. Apresentamos, ainda, o seu caso particular para cilindros gerais retos. Alguns exemplos são feitos com o intuito de mostrarmos como pode ser simplificada a determinação de momentos de inércia de certos corpos rígidos se fizermos uso deste teorema.
Oscilador harmônico: Uma análise via séries de Fourier
Authors: Castro A. S. de
Published: July 2014

O método de séries de Fourier é usado para resolver a equação homogênea que governa o movimento do oscilador harmônico. Mostra-se que a solução geral do problema pode ser encontrada com surpreendente simplicidade para o caso do oscilador harmônico simples. Mostra-se também que o oscilador harmônico amortecido é suscetível à análise.
Experimental study on composite plate girders with web opening
Authors: Shanmugam N. E. , Darehshouri S. F. , Osman S. A.
Published: July 2014

The paper is concerned with an experimental investigation on simply supported steel–concrete composite plate girders containing web openings. Ten composite plate girders were tested to failure in order to study their ultimate strength behaviour. Effect of web openings on the ultimate load behaviour of composite plate girders is of primary concern in this study. Test results show that the ultimate shear strength drops marginally in girders with smaller openings but the drop is significant in girders with larger openings, larger than 0·3d, with d being the web depth. The test specimens were also analysed using an analytical method and a finite-element modelling and the predicted results compared with the corresponding experimental values. The comparison shows good agreement, thus confirming the accuracy of the analytical method and finite-element modelling.
Quality of Diabetes Care in Primary Health Centres in North Al-Batinah of Oman
Authors: Al-Shafaee Mohammed , Al-Farsi Yousuf , Al-Kaabi Yousuf , Banerjee Yajnavalka , Al-Zadjali Najat , Al-Zakwani Ibrahim
Published: July 2014

Objective:

To assess the quality of diabetic care provided in primary health care settings in Oman.

Methods:

This was a cross-sectional study of randomly selected 500 patients with diabetes mellitus (DM) attending 6 primary care diabetic clinics in the north Al-Batinah region of Oman from January to December 2010. Nine standards on the quality of diabetes care were audited.

Results:

The mean age of the sample was 51±13 years, ranging from 15 to 87 years; the majority (61%) were females. The mean duration of DM was 4±3 years, ranging from 1 to 18 years. Seventy-seven percent of the patients attended diabetic clinics at least 4 times per year. Of the 9 assessed diabetic standards, HbA1c was documented in 33% of the patients, body mass index in 12%, low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) in 40%, urinary albumin:creatinine ratio in 28%, creatinine in 63% and blood pressure (BP) in 96%. Optimal control among the documented indicators was noted in 32, 21, 25, 85, 95 and 19%, respectively. Twenty percent of the patients had their ECGs done while only 39% of the patients had foot examination. No patient had attained control in all of HbA1c., BP and LDL-C.

Conclusion:

There is a gap between the recommended DM care guidelines and current practice with consequent poor quality of care in these patients.
Youths, Cultural Diversity, and Complex Thinking^
Authors: Cangià Flavia , Pagani Camilla
Published: July 2014

Most people support the idea that we live in a complex society and that complex evaluations and strategies are needed in order to effectively address most societal problems. However, little attention is generally paid to the degree of presence of complex thinking in youths’ attitudes towards the most significant issues that characterize contemporary human societies. This paper presents a preliminary analysis of the relationship between youths’ “complex thinking” and their evaluations of and attitudes towards one of these issues, namely cultural diversity. It examines some excerpts from anonymous open-ended essays on “multiculturalism” in Italy, recently written by pupils aged 14-18. The paper indicates that youths’ low levels of complex thinking are often expressed through a prejudiced and basically negative representation of a multicultural society, and through a scarce awareness and a simplistic description of their personal and others’ emotions related to this representation. It also indicates that high levels of complex thinking usually characterize youths’ positive relationship with and thoughtful understanding of cultural diversity. The paper underlines the importance of fostering the development of high levels of complex thinking at the educational level, so as to strengthen youths’ capability of building a more autonomous and complex outlook on their relationship with cultural diversity, and with diversity in general.
Models for Integrating Behavioral Medicine on a Family Medicine in-Patient Teaching Service
Authors: Kertesz Joseph W. , Delbridge Emilee J. , Felix Daniel S.
Published: July 2014

Training physicians to effectively assess, diagnose, and treat patients' behavioral health concerns begin in residency. While this training is increasingly more common in outpatient educational settings, there is also a great need to teach physicians to practice behavioral medicine with patients who are hospitalized. However, teaching family medicine resident physicians to understand, value, and practice essential behavioral health knowledge and skills during inpatient rotations can be a challenge for both residents and educators. In this article, we describe three models of inpatient behavioral medicine teaching, each with examples of practical content and teaching methods. We discuss strategies for success and potential barriers to overcome while teaching in the inpatient setting. Helping patients choose to change their health behaviors, which likely contribute in part to the reasons for their hospitalizations in the first place, should begin while patients are still in the hospital. Models of teaching, such as those presented here, can help improve the way we train physicians to address behavioral health needs with hospitalized patients.