bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
L'insécurité linguistique chez les locuteurs du kirundi
Authors: Ntiranyibagira Constantin , Rwamo Alice
Published: July 2019

Dans cet article, nous analysons, à l’aide de la méthode qualitative et sur base des alternances intranominales et intraverbales, les effets linguistiques et sociolinguistiques de l’insécurité linguistique (en français, en kiswahili, et en anglais) chez les locuteurs du kirundi (langue Bantu synthétique à tons et à quantité vocalique appartenant au Groupe D. 62 de la Zone centrale). Les données ont été recueillies dans les trois communes que compte la ville de Bujumbura, capitale du Burundi (Ntahangwa, Mukaza, Muha). Il s’agit d’un corpus constitué de dix (10) sortes de conversations, enregistrées discrètement auprès des kirundiphones issus des milieux socioprofessionnels différents et variés. Il a été remarqué que la sauvegarde ou la modification partielle des éléments empruntés donnent lieu à une adaptation limitée, une hypoadaptation, et une hyperadaptation. En plus, l’usage des hybrides langagiers en question est forcé ou prestigieux, parfois abusif et/ou erroné.
REPRESENTAÇÕES SOCIAIS DE ENFERMEIRAS DA ATENÇÃO BÁSICA SOBRE O PARTO NORMAL
Authors: Albuquerque Nayale Lucinda Andrade , Mendonça Eline Ferreira , Guerra Marilia Cruz Gouveia Câmara , Silva Júlio César Bernardino da , Lins Helena Natalya da Silva
Published: July 2019

Introdução: A assistência desumanizada no parto pode originar informações negativas que são transmitidas entre as gerações, acarretando em representações sociais. Dessa forma, representações sociais do parto normal por parte do profissional enfermeiro, um dos protagonistas da assistência à saúde da mulher na atenção básica, são importante objeto de estudo, a partir do entendimento que estes profissionais constroem nas realidades em que vivem. Objetivo: Identificar as representações sociais de enfermeiras da atenção básica sobre parto normal. Método: Estudo descritivo, exploratório, qualitativo, realizado com 12 enfermeiras, responsáveis por Equipes de Saúde da Família e que tinham mais de 01 ano de experiência na atenção básica no município de Caruaru/PE, nordeste do Brasil. Foram realizadas entrevistas semi-estruturadas, guiadas pela questão norteadora: Fale-me sobre parto normal. As falas foram submetidas à análise de conteúdo temática proposta por Bardin e interpretadas à luz dos constructos da Teoria das Representações Sociais. Resultados: A partir da análise das falas, emergiram quatro categorias temáticas: Lei da vida, Desejo e negação do parto normal, Insegurança, Imposição para mulheres de baixa renda. Conclusões: As representações que emergiram das falas das enfermeiras apresentam o parto normal como um evento natural, permeado pelo auxílio divino, trazendo o desejo em vivenciá-lo. Entretanto, este fato não é suficiente para que haja uma escolha por este tipo de parto, devido a outros fatores, como a insegurança presente em diferentes momentos e aspectos, bem como a compreensão de que o parto normal é imposto nos serviços públicos de saúde. Dessa forma, compreender as representações sociais do parto normal, pela perspectiva da enfermagem atuante na atenção básica, propicia um olhar sob a educação em saúde no pré-natal, onde são reelaborados os conhecimentos que envolvem este evento.
FATORES DESENCADEANTES DO ESTRESSE LABORAL NA EMERGÊNCIA MÉDICA: UMA REVISÃO INTEGRATIVA
Authors: Honorato Cecília Mirelle Almeida , Machado Flávia Christiane de Azevedo
Published: July 2019

Introdução: Os serviços de emergência médica exigem do profissional da saúde uma pronta resposta às demandas de cada paciente. Nesse contexto, o estresse laboral pode ser extremamente destrutivo não só para o trabalhador, mas também para o serviço de saúde prestado. Objetivo: Assim, este estudo tem como objetivo analisar os fatores desencadeantes do estresse laboral em profissionais de saúde que trabalham em serviços de emergência médica. Metodologia: Para isso, foi realizada uma revisão integrativa de literatura, tendo como fonte as bases de dados Lilacs, MedLine e Scielo. Foram incluídos estudos transversais ou longitudinais em inglês, português ou espanhol sem restrição de período de publicação que tinham como objetivo avaliar os níveis de estresse em profissionais de saúde que trabalham em serviços de emergência médica. Logo, nove artigos transversais e dois longitudinais foram incluídos, totalizando onze artigos. Resultados: Como resultado, observou-se que uma série de fatores ambientais (más condições de trabalho, atividades de administração) e pessoais (união estável, menor tempo de serviço) são associados ao estresse laboral. Todavia, principalmente os fatores relacionados ao ambiente são passíveis de intervenção. Conclusões: Dessa forma, surge a necessidade de políticas de melhoria do ambiente de trabalho e de empoderamento do profissional de saúde que trabalha em serviços de emergência médica.
ESCANEAMENTO DIGITAL E PROTOTIPAGEM 3D PARA CONFECÇÃO DE LAMINADOS CERÂMICOS: RELATO DE CASO CLÍNICO
Authors: Espíndola-Castro Luís Felipe , Ortigoza Leonardo Santiago , Monteiro Gabriela Queiroz de Melo
Published: July 2019

Lentes de contato dentais podem ser uma excelente opção para correção de cor, forma, tamanho e posicionamento dental.  Entretanto é um tratamento que requer várias etapas laboratoriais com riscos de distorções nas etapas de moldagem e vazamento do modelo. Desta forma, desadaptações dos laminados em boca podem ser frequentes. Objetivo: relatar um caso clínico de nove laminados cerâmicos em que foi empregado o escaneamento digital, troquelização virtual e prototipagem do modelo em 3D. Método: paciente do gênero feminino, 59 anos, buscou atendimento odontológico queixando-se de desproporcionalidade dentária ao sorrir. Ao exame clínico foi observada uma inclinação maxilar que causava aquela desarmonia. Foi proposta a confecção de laminados cerâmicos para compensar a discrepância óssea bem como melhorar forma, contorno e cromia dentária. Após planejamento digital, confecção do enceramento diagnóstico, mock up, e aceita do planejamento por parte da paciente, iniciaram-se os preparos dentários. Finalizada esta etapa, os dentes foram escaneados (Trios 3Shape), troquelizados e prototipados em impressora 3D. O modelo foi encaminhado ao laboratório que confeccionou as peças protéticas em dissilicato de lítio de forma injetada e maquiada. Por fim, foram realizadas as provas secas, úmidas, ajustes necessários e cimentação dos laminados com cimento resinoso fotopolimerizável. Conclusão: a tecnologia empregada se mostrou eficiente na resolução do caso, sendo uma técnica rápida, que causou pouco desconforto à paciente e oportunizou uma boa adaptação dos laminados cerâmicos.
A Novel Amino Acid Properties Selection Method for Protein Fold Classification
Authors: Zhang Lichao , Kong Liang
Published: July 2019

Background:

Amino acid physicochemical properties encoded in protein primary structure play a crucial role in protein folding. However, it is not yet clear which of the properties are the most suitable for protein fold classification.

Objective:

To avoid exhaustively searching the total properties space, an amino acid properties selection method was proposed in this study to rapidly obtain a suitable properties combination for protein fold classification.

Method:

The proposed amino acid properties selection method was based on sequential floating forward selection strategy. Beginning with an empty set, variable number of features were added iteratively until achieving the iteration termination condition.

Results:

The experimental results indicate that the proposed method improved prediction accuracies by 0.26-5% on a widely used benchmark dataset with appropriately selected amino acid properties.

Conclusion:

The proposed properties selection method can be extended to other biomolecule property related classification problems in bioinformatics.
Systematic Investigation of Quercetin for Treating Cardiovascular Disease Based on Network Pharmacology
Authors: Wu Xian-Jun , Zhou Xin-Bin , Chen Chen , Mao Wei
Published: July 2019

Aim and Objective:

Cardiovascular disease is a serious threat to human health because of its
high mortality and morbidity rates. At present, there is no effective treatment. In Southeast Asia, traditional
Chinese medicine is widely used in the treatment of cardiovascular diseases. Quercetin is a flavonoid
extract of Ginkgo biloba leaves. Basic experiments and clinical studies have shown that quercetin has a
significant effect on the treatment of cardiovascular diseases. However, its precise mechanism is still
unclear. Therefore, it is necessary to exploit the network pharmacological potential effects of quercetin on
cardiovascular disease.

Materials and Methods:

In the present study, a novel network pharmacology strategy based on
pharmacokinetic filtering, target fishing, Gene Ontology (GO) and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and
Genomes (KEGG) pathway enrichment analysis, compound-target-pathway network structured was
performed to explore the anti- cardiovascular disease mechanism of quercetin.

Results::

The outcomes showed that quercetin possesses favorable pharmacokinetic profiles, which have
interactions with 47 cardiovascular disease-related targets and 12 KEGG signaling pathways to provide
potential synergistic therapeutic effects. Following the construction of Compound-Target-Pathway (C-T-P)
network, and the network topological feature calculation, we obtained top 10 core genes in this network
which were AKT1, IL1B, TNF, IL6, JUN, CCL2, FOS, VEGFA, CXCL8, and ICAM1. KEGG pathway
enrichment analysis. These indicated that quercetin produced the therapeutic effects against cardiovascular
disease by systemically and holistically regulating many signaling pathways, including Fluid shear stress
and atherosclerosis, AGE-RAGE signaling pathway in diabetic complications, TNF signaling pathway,
MAPK signaling pathway, IL-17 signaling pathway and PI3K-Akt signaling pathway.
False Negative D Vitamin Measurement in LC-MS/MS Method Due to Hyperlipidemia: Case Report
Authors: Gonel Ataman , Yetisgin Alparslan
Published: July 2019

Background:

Lipemia can influence laboratory test results by different mechanisms.
Although the liquid chromatography–tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) is considered the
reference method for 25(OH)D3, some compounds (carbohydrate, lipids, proteins, etc.) in the
blood may cause a false result indicating a negative or positive deviation rate from the correct
blood level of the test.

Case Report:

In this paper, we report a case of D vitamin intoxication due to a false negative result
caused by lipemia. A young woman with a complaint of pain in multiple joints applied to the
physical therapy clinic and was found to have some cystic bone lesions. She was eventually
diagnosed with DM tip 1, familial hyperlipidemia, and nephrolithiasis. Although she had D vitamin
replacement therapy, low levels of blood 25(OH)D3 concentration, measured by an LC-MS/MS
device, were detected. After blood dilution, a high level of 25(OH)D3 and blood intoxication due
to lipid interference were indicated.

Conclusion:

From this case, we can conclude that analytical errors caused by the ingredients of a
blood sample may lead to unnecessary treatment and intoxication. While evaluating the blood
25(OH)D3 levels, clinicians should guard against false-negative results due to interference in
patients with familial hyperlipidemia.
A Multi-Perspective Review on Dengue Research
Authors: Sobhia M. Elizabeth , Ghosh Ketan , Singh Ajeet , Sul Komal , Singh Monica , Kumar Ravi , Sandeep  , Merugu Satti , Donempudi Sunilchand
Published: July 2019

Dengue fever is a disease which is caused by a family of viruses named Flaviviridae which
are transmitted by female Aedes mosquitoes. Today, this is endemic in more than 100 nations in the
World Health Organization's African, Americas, Eastern Mediterranean, South-East Asia and Western
Pacific locales. The treatment of typical dengue is focused on relieving the symptoms and signs. Carica
papaya is a very common plant whose leaf extract is used in the treatment of this disease. Despite
extensive research on Dengue, not a single vaccine or anti-viral drug was available until 2016 (a partially
effective Chimeric Yellow fever virus treated by DENV-Tetravalent Dengue Vaccine for dengue
fever made by Sanofi Pasteur). This review highlights dengue fever’s current situation and explains
the importance of Natural chemical moieties like methionine–proline anilides, tetrapeptide aldehyde
uncovered via Structure Activity Relationship studies. Also, we have reviewed the drug candidates
currently in the clinical trials that have the potential to solve these issues. Important patents in the past
20 years have been outlined in this review. An in depth Protein Data Bank analysis of the different
possible target proteins that can potentially have a major role in curing Dengue fever has been conducted.
BRAF Status in Papillary Microcarcinomas of the Thyroid Gland: a Brief Review
Authors: Ieni Antonio , Vita Roberto , Cardia Roberta , Giuffré Giuseppe , Benvenga Salvatore , Tuccari Giovanni
Published: July 2019

:

Papillary thyroid microcarcinoma (PTMC) is defined by the World Health
Organization as papillary cancer measuring 10 mm or less in diameter. Generally,
PTMC shows an indolent clinical behavior with a good prognosis, although a minority of
PTMC is characterized by an aggressive course. However, efforts to identify this
aggressive subset of PTMC after surgery remain inconclusive.

:

Several oncogenic pathways have been identified in thyroid cancer and have been
applied translationally to improve prognosis and clinical management. In particular, the
BRAFV600E mutation was found more frequently in large, aggressive, recurrent and
advanced tumors.

:

We aimed at reviewing studies on BRAFV600E mutation as a prognostic factor in PTMC.
The Discovery and Development of Oxalamide and Pyrrole Small Molecule Inhibitors of gp120 and HIV Entry - A Review
Authors: Motati Damoder Reddy , Uredi Dilipkumar , Watkins E. Blake
Published: July 2019

Human immunodeficiency virus type-1 (HIV-1) is the causative agent responsible for the acquired
immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) pandemic. More than 60 million infections and 25 million
deaths have occurred since AIDS was first identified in the early 1980s. Advances in available therapeutics,
in particular combination antiretroviral therapy, have significantly improved the treatment of HIV
infection and have facilitated the shift from high mortality and morbidity to that of a manageable chronic
disease. Unfortunately, none of the currently available drugs are curative of HIV. To deal with the rapid
emergence of drug resistance, off-target effects, and the overall difficulty of eradicating the virus, an
urgent need exists to develop new drugs, especially against targets critically important for the HIV-1 life
cycle. Viral entry, which involves the interaction of the surface envelope glycoprotein, gp120, with the
cellular receptor, CD4, is the first step of HIV-1 infection. Gp120 has been validated as an attractive target
for anti-HIV-1 drug design or novel HIV detection tools. Several small molecule gp120 antagonists
are currently under investigation as potential entry inhibitors. Pyrrole, piperazine, triazole, pyrazolinone,
oxalamide, and piperidine derivatives, among others, have been investigated as gp120 antagonist candidates.
Herein, we discuss the current state of research with respect to the design, synthesis and biological
evaluation of oxalamide derivatives and five-membered heterocycles, namely, the pyrrole-containing
small molecule as inhibitors of gp120 and HIV entry.
Vasopressin & Oxytocin in Control of the Cardiovascular System: An Updated Review
Authors: Japundžić-Žigon Nina , Lozić Maja , Šarenac Olivera , Murphy David
Published: July 2019

Since the discovery of vasopressin (VP) and oxytocin (OT) in 1953, considerable knowledge has been gathered about their roles in cardiovascular homeostasis. Unraveling VP vasoconstrictor properties and V1a receptors in blood vessels generated powerful hemostatic drugs and drugs effective in the treatment of certain forms of circulatory collapse (shock). Recognition of the key role of VP in water balance via renal V2 receptors gave birth to aquaretic drugs found to be useful in advanced stages of congestive heart failure. There are still unexplored actions of VP and OT on the cardiovascular system, both at the periphery and in the brain that may open new venues in treatment of cardiovascular diseases. After a brief overview on VP, OT and their peripheral action on the cardiovascular system, this review focuses on newly discovered hypothalamic mechanisms involved in neurogenic control of the circulation in stress and disease.
Synthetic Dihydropyridines as Novel Antiacanthamoebic Agents
Authors: Anwar Ayaz , Siddiqui Ruqaiyyah , Hameed Abdul , Shah Muhammad R. , Khan Naveed A.
Published: July 2019

Background:

Acanthamoeba is an opportunistic pathogen widely spread in the environment.
Acanthamoeba causes excruciating keratitis which can lead to blindness. The lack of effective
drugs and its ability to form highly resistant cyst are one of the foremost limitations against
successful prognosis. Current treatment involves mixture of drugs at high doses but still recurrence
of infection can occur due to ineffectiveness of drugs against the cyst form. Pyridine and its natural
and synthetic derivatives are potential chemotherapeutic agents due to their diverse biological activities.

Objective:

To study the antiamoebic effects of four novel synthetic dihydropyridine (DHP) compounds
against Acanthamoeba castellanii belonging to the T4 genotype. Furthermore, to evaluate
their activity against amoeba-mediated host cells cytopathogenicity as well as their cytotoxicity
against human cells.

Methods:

Dihydropyridines were synthesized by cyclic dimerization of alkylidene malononitrile
derivatives. Four analogues of functionally diverse DHPs were tested against Acanthamoeba
castellanii by using amoebicidal, encystation and excystation assays. Moreover, Lactate dehydrogenase
assays were carried out to study cytopathogenicity and cytotoxicity against human cells.

Results:

These compounds showed significant amoebicidal and cysticidal effects at 50 μM concentration,
whereas, two of the DHP derivatives also significantly reduced Acanthamoebamediated
host cell cytotoxicity. Moreover, these DHPs were found to have low cytotoxicity
against human cells suggesting a good safety profile.

Conclusion:

The results suggest that DHPs have potential against Acanthamoeba especially
against the more resistant cyst stage and can be assessed further for drug development.
Structure-Based Design, Synthesis, Biological Evaluation and Molecular Docking Study of 4-Hydroxy-N'-methylenebenzohydrazide Derivatives Acting as Tyrosinase Inhibitors with Potentiate Anti-Melanogenesis Activities
Authors: Iraji Aida , Khoshneviszadeh Mahsima , Bakhshizadeh Pegah , Edraki Najmeh , Khoshneviszadeh Mehdi
Published: July 2019

Background:

Melanogenesis is a process of melanin synthesis, which is a primary response
for the pigmentation of human skin. Tyrosinase is a key enzyme, which catalyzes a ratelimiting
step of the melanin formation. Natural products have shown potent inhibitors, but some of
these possess toxicity. Numerous synthetic inhibitors have been developed in recent years may
lead to the potent anti– tyrosinase agents.

Objective:

A number of 4-hydroxy-N'-methylenebenzohydrazide analogues with related structure
to chalcone and tyrosine were constructed with various substituents at the benzyl ring of the molecule
and evaluate as a tyrosinase inhibitor. In addition, computational analysis and metal chelating
potential have been evaluated.

Methods:

Design and synthesized compounds were evaluated for activity against mushroom tyrosinase.
The metal chelating capacity of the potent compound was examined using the mole ratio
method. Molecular docking of the synthesized compounds was carried out into the tyrosine active
site.

Results:

Novel 4-hydroxy-N'-methylenebenzohydrazide derivatives were synthesized. The two
compounds 4c and 4g showed an IC50 near the positive control, led to a drastic inhibition of tyrosinase.
Confirming in vitro results were performed via the molecular docking analysis demonstrating
hydrogen bound interactions of potent compounds with histatidine-Cu+2 residues with in
the active site. Kinetic study of compound 4g showed competitive inhibition towards tyrosinase.
Metal chelating assay indicates the mole fraction of 1:2 stoichiometry of the 4g-Cu2+ complex.

Conclusion:

The findings in the present study demonstrate that 4-Hydroxy-N'-
methylenebenzohydrazide scaffold could be regarded as a bioactive core inhibitor of tyrosinase
and can be used as an inspiration for further studies in this area.
Quality by Design Approach for Development and Characterisation of Solid Lipid Nanoparticles of Quetiapine Fumarate
Authors: Agarwal Shweta , Murthy Rayasa S. Ramachandra , Harikumar Sasidharan Leelakumari , Garg Rajeev
Published: July 2019

Background:

Quetiapine fumarate, a 2nd generation anti-psychotic drug has oral bioavailability of 9% because of hepatic first pass metabolism. Reports suggest that co-administration of drugs with lipids affects their absorption pathways, enhances lymphatic transport thus bypassing hepatic first-pass metabolism resulting in enhanced bioavailability.

Objective:

The present work aimed at developing, and characterising potentially lymphatic absorbable Solid Lipid Nanoparticles (SLN) of quetiapine fumarate by Quality by Design approach.

Method:

Hot emulsification followed by ultrasonication was used as a method of preparation. Precirol ATO5, Phospholipon 90G and Poloxamer 188 were used as a lipid, stabilizer and surfactant respectively. A32 Central Composite design optimised the 2 independent variables, lipid concentration and stabilizer concentration and assessed their effect on percent Entrapment Efficiency (%EE: Y1). The lyophilized SLNs were studied for stability at 5 ±3οC and 25 ± 2οC/60 ± 5% RH for 3 months.

Results:

The optimised formula derived for SLN had 270mg Precirol ATO5 and 107mg of Phospholipon 90G giving %EE of 76.53%. Mean particle size was 159.8nm with polydispersity index 0.273 and zeta potential -6.6mV. In-vitro drug release followed Korsmeyer-Peppas kinetics (R2=0.917) with release exponent n=0.722 indicating non-Fickian diffusion. Transmission electron microscopy images exhibited particles to be spherical and smooth. Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy, differential scanning calorimetry and X-ray diffraction studies ascertained drug-excipient compatibility. Stability studies suggested 5οC as appropriate temperature for storage and preserving important characteristics within acceptable limits.

Conclusion:

Development and optimisation by Quality by Design were justified as it yielded SLN having acceptable characteristics and potential application for intestinal lymphatic transport.
Identification of Lysine Carboxylation Sites in Proteins by Integrating Statistical Moments and Position Relative Features via General PseAAC
Authors: Amanat Saba , Ashraf Adeel , Hussain Waqar , Rasool Nouman , Khan Yaser D.
Published: July 2019

Background:

Carboxylation is one of the most biologically important post-translational modifications and occurs on lysine, arginine, and glutamine residues of a protein. Among all these three, the covalent attachment of the carboxyl group with the lysine side chain is the most frequent and biologically important type of carboxylation. For studying such biological functions, it is essential to correctly determine the lysine sites sensitive to carboxylation.

Objective:

Herein, we present a computational model for the prediction of the carboxylysine site which is based on machine learning.

Methods:

Various position and composition relative features have been incorporated into the Pse- AAC for construction of feature vectors and a neural network is employed as a classifier. The model is validated by jackknife, cross-validation, self-consistency, and independent testing.

Results:

The results of the self-consistency test elaborated that model has 99.76% Acc, 99.76% Sp, 99.76% Sp, and 0.99 MCC. Using the jackknife method, prediction model validation gave 97.07% Acc, while for 10-fold cross-validation, prediction model validation gave 95.16% Acc.

Conclusion:

The results of independent dataset testing were 94.3% which illustrated that the proposed model has better performance as compared to the existing model PreLysCar; however, the accuracy can be improved further, in the future, due to the increasing number of carboxylysine sites in proteins.
MD-LBP: An Efficient Computational Model for Protein Subcellular Localization from HeLa Cell Lines Using SVM
Authors: Tahir Muhammad , Idris Adnan
Published: July 2019

Background:

The knowledge of subcellular location of proteins is essential to the comprehension
of numerous protein functions.

Objective:

Accurate as well as computationally efficient and reliable automated analysis of protein
localization imagery greatly depend on the calculation of features from these images.

Methods:

In the current work, a novel method termed as MD-LBP is proposed for feature extraction
from fluorescence microscopy protein images. For a given neighborhood, the value of central
pixel is computed as the difference of global and local means of the input image that is further
used as threshold to generate a binary pattern for that neighborhood.

Results:

The performance of our method is assessed for 2D HeLa dataset using 5-fold crossvalidation
protocol. The performance of MD-LBP method with RBF-SVM as base classifier, is
superior to that of standard LBP algorithm, Threshold Adjacency Statistics, and Haralick texture
features.

Conclusion:

Development of specialized systems for different kinds of medical imagery will certainly
pave the path for effective drug discovery in pharmaceutical industry. Furthermore, biological
and bioinformatics based procedures can be simplified to facilitate pharmaceutical industry for
drug designing.
Breaking the Barrier of Cancer through Papaya Extract and their Formulation
Authors: Saha Sumana , Giri Tapan Kumar
Published: July 2019

Background:

In the last decade, many new avenues of cancer treatment have opened up but the costs of treatment have sky-rocketed too. Hence, screening of indigenously available plant and animal resources for anti-carcinogenic potential is an important branch of anticancer research. The effort has been made through this comprehensive review to highlight the recent developments of anticancer therapies using different parts of papaya plant extract.

Methods:

In search of the naturally existing animals and plants for anticarcinogenic potential, papaya plant has been exploited by the scientist working in this research field. A widespread literature search was performed for writing this review.

Results:

Different constituents of Carica papaya responsible for anticancer activities have been discussed. Papaya extract for the treatment of breast, liver, blood, pancreas, skin, prostate, and colon cancer have also been reported. Finally, the various formulation approach using Carica papaya extract have been highlighted.

Conclusion:

The information provided in this review might be useful for researchers in designing of novel formulation of Carica papaya extract for the treatment of cancer.
Protection from Radiation-induced Damage in Rat’s Ileum and Colon by Combined Regimens of Melatonin and Metformin: A Histopathological Study
Authors: Najafi Masoud , Cheki Mohsen , Hassanzadeh Gholamreza , Amini Peyman , Shabeeb Dheyauldeen , Musa Ahmed E.
Published: July 2019

Background:

Radiation-induced enteritis and proctitis are common side effects
of abdominopelvic cancers among patients that undergo radiotherapy for prostate, colorectal
or urinary cancers. Exposure of these tissues to high doses of radiation leads to damage
to villous, inflammation, pain, ulcer and bleeding, which may cause malabsorption and
gastrointestinal disorders. To date, several procedures such as pharmaceutical treatment
have been proposed for protection and mitigation of gastrointestinal toxicity following radiotherapy.

Aims:

In the current study, we aimed to investigate the possible radioprotection of ileum
and colon in rats using a combination of melatonin and metformin.

Methods:

In this experimental study, 30 male Wistar rats were randomly assigned to six
groups: control, melatonin (100 mg/kg) treatment, melatonin (100 mg/kg) plus metformin
(100 mg/kg) treatment, radiation (10 Gy to whole body) group, radiation + melatonin (100
mg/kg) treatment, and radiation + melatonin (100 mg/kg) plus metformin (100 mg/kg)
treatment. After 3.5 days, rats were sacrificed and their ileum and colon tissues carefully
removed. Histopathological evaluations were conducted on these tissue samples.

Results:

Histological evaluations reported moderate to severe damages to ileum and colon
following whole body irradiation. Melatonin administration was able to protect the ileum
remarkably, while the combination of melatonin and metformin was less effective. Interestingly,
for the colon, melatonin was less effective while its combination with metformin
was able to protect against radiation toxicity completely.

Conclusion:

For the ileum, melatonin was a more effective radioprotector compared to its
combination with metformin. However, the combination of melatonin and metformin can
be proposed as an ideal radioprotector for the colon.
Noradrenergic Regulation of Hippocampus-Dependent Memory
Authors: Nguyen Peter V. , Connor Steven A.
Published: July 2019

Neuromodulation regulates critical functions of CNS synapses, ranging from neural circuit development to high-order cognitive processes, including learning and memory. This broad scope of action is generally mediated through alterations of the strength of synaptic transmission (i.e. synaptic plasticity). Changes in synaptic strength are widely considered to be a cellular representation of learned information. Noradrenaline is a neuromodulator that is secreted throughout the brain in response to novelty or increased arousal. Once released, noradrenaline activates metabotropic receptors, initiating intracellular signaling cascades that promote enduring changes in synaptic strength and facilitate memory storage. Here, we provide an overview of noradrenergic modulation of synaptic plasticity and memory formation within mammalian neural circuits, which has broad applicability within the neurotherapeutics community. Advances in our understanding of noradrenaline in the context of these processes may provide a foundation for refining treatment strategies for multiple brain diseases, ranging from post-traumatic stress disorder to Alzheimer’s Disease.
Design, Synthesis and Biological Activity of Some 4, 5-Disubstituted-2, 4- Dihydro-3H-1, 2, 4- Triazole-3-Thione Derivatives
Authors: Verma Krishan Kumar , Singh Umesh Kumar , Jain Jainendra
Published: July 2019

Background:

In the present study, 4, 5-disubstituted triazol-3-thione derivatives were
synthesized and evaluated for anticonvulsant activity along with neurotoxicity determination.

Materials and Methods:

The synthesized compounds were characterized using FTIR, 1H-NMR
and MS. The anticonvulsant activity was assessed by Maximal Electroshock (MES) test and subcutaneous
Pentylenetetrazole (scPTZ) tests and neurotoxicity was assessed by rotarod test. Docking
was also performed to study the interactions of compounds with LYS329 residue of gamma
amino butyric acid aminotransferase (GABA-AT) using Autodock 4.2 software.

Results:

The compounds 7a and 9a with significant pharmacological activity were also found to
interact with LYS329 residue of GABA-AT by H-bond with a docking score of -5.92 kcal/mol
(Ki = 41.99 μM) and -5.87 kcal/mol (Ki = 49.83 μM) respectively.

Conclusion:

Most of the compounds were found to be active in MES test but only seven showed
protection in scPTZ test.
Impact of Leukemia Stem Cells Phenotype Expression on Response to Induction Therapy in Acute Myeloid Leukemia Patients
Authors: Almohsen Faez , Al-Mudallal Subh S.
Published: July 2019

Background:

Laboratory data suggest that acute myeloid leukemia AML originates from
a rare population of cells, termed Leukemic Stem Cells (LSCs) or leukemia-initiating cells, which
are capable of self-renewal, proliferation and differentiation into malignant blasts. There is a
universal agreement that LSCs lie within the CD34+ compartment of hemopoietic cells and most of
leukemic stem cells express the interleukin-3 alpha chain receptor, CD123 and lack CD38. This
study aimed to estimate the expression of LSC phenotype in AML patients and to correlate it with
response to induction therapy.

Methods:

A cohort of 41 patients older than 15 years with newly diagnosed de novo AML were
enrolled in this study. They were obtained from the National center of hematology in Baghdad and
Baghdad teaching hospital between February and July 2013. The expression of CD34, CD38 and
CD123 was assessed by multi-color flow cytometry. LSC positive (LSC+) samples must express
CD34 and CD123 and lack the expression of CD38 in >1% of cells. French American British
(FAB) classification system was used in this study.

:

After four weeks of induction therapy; three groups were found: those who reached the Complete
morphological Remission (CR), those who failed to reach CR and those who died before the
assessment of morphological remission. The last two groups were merged for statistical purposes.

Results:

After the course of induction therapy, 41.46% of patients had complete morphological
remission while 58.54% of the studied patients failed to reach complete remission. The Complete
Remission (CR) rate was higher (53.33%) in patients who were negative for LSC phenotype than
patients who were positive for LSC phenotype (34.61%).

Conclusions:

LSCs were expressed in 63.41% of AML cases and were in approximate distribution
in FAB M3 and non-M3 patients. The expression of LSC phenotype was associated with poor
response to induction therapy in AML patients.
Comparison of the Effects of Dexamethasone Administration on Postoperative Sequelae Before and After “Third Molar" Extraction Surgeries
Authors: Shoohanizad Ehsan , Parvin Milad
Published: July 2019

Introduction:

Impacted third molars (ITMs) surgery, is one of the most common methods in the field of oral and maxillofacial surgical operations. Administration of corticosteroid such as dexamethasone diminishes the postoperative sequelae. The study aimed to compare the impact of dexamethasone administration on pre-operative and post-operative complications in third molar surgery.

Methods:

We collected all randomized controlled trial data on the influences of pre-operative and postoperative dexamethasone administration between 2006-2019 on third molar surgery sequelae by searching the keywords: dexamethasone, third molar surgery, wisdom teeth, corticosteroids, oral surgery, maxillofacial surgery, preoperative, postoperative, pain, swelling, and trismus in international databases such as: Web of Science (ISI), PubMed, Scopus, Embase and Cochrane Library.

Results:

Twenty-three articles were included in this narrative review. Among them, 22 studies used dexamethasone in particular and 1 study used dexamethasone with amoxicillin. Twenty studies evaluated the prescription of dexamethasone in pre-operative and post-operative routes on pain, trismus and edema following third molars operation. Five studies administered dexamethasone postoperatively and 15 studies administered the drug preoperatively. Two studies evaluated the preoperative and postoperative administration method. Fourteen studies used a 4 mg dexamethasone dose and drug administration was variable. The treatment period in postoperative studies varied between 1 to 7 days.

Conclusion:

Dexamethasone appears to be a promising agent in in reduction of post-operative complications following third molar surgery. As a potent anti-inflammatory agent, it has an effective role in pain, trismus and edema reduction distinguished from the routes of administration, dosage and timing, pre or postoperative prescription.
African Walnuts (Tetracarpidium conophorum) Modulate Hepatic Lipid Accumulation in Obesity via Reciprocal Actions on HMG-CoA Reductase and Paraoxonase
Authors: Uti Daniel E. , Atangwho Item J. , Eyong Eyong U. , Umoru Grace U. , Egbung Godwin E. , Rotimi Solomon O. , Nna Victor U.
Published: July 2019

Background:

Obesity is characterized by increased body fat and involves an imbalance between the synthesis and degradation of lipids.

Objective:

The study aimed to investigate the effect of African walnuts (Tetracarpidium conophorum) on lipids storage and the regulatory enzymes of hepatic lipid metabolism in obese rats.

Methods:

Nuts were extracted in ethanol (WE) and further separated to obtain the ethyl-acetate fraction (ET) and the residue (RES). These were administered orally to 3 groups of monosodium glutamate- obese rats (n = 6), respectively, for 6 weeks. Other groups in the study were: normal (NC), obese control (OC) and standard control (SC) which received orlistat. Hepatic total lipids, total phospholipids, triacylglycerol (TG), total cholesterol (TCHOL), 3-hydroxyl-3-methylglutaryl-CoA (HMG-CoA) reductase and paraoxonase were studied.

Results:

Total lipids, TG and TCHOL which increased in OC compared to NC group, decreased. HMG-CoA reductase activity decreased in the 3 study groups relative to OC. Paraoxonase activity which decreased in OC was up-regulated, while the magnitude of hepatic cholesterol decreased from 94.32 % in OC to 52.19, 65.43 and 47.04 % with WE, ET and RES, respectively. Flavonoids, alkaloids, glycosides, tannins and saponins were detected in the nut. GC-MS analysis revealed 16, 18 and 10 volatile components in WE, ET and RES, respectively. Unsaturated fatty acids (linolenic acids: 33.33, 47.95 and 50.93 %, and α-linolenic acids: 25, 19.66 and 26.63 %) in WE, ET and RES, respectively, are the most abundant, and likely to be responsible for the observed activity.

Conclusion:

African walnuts can prevent hepatic lipid accumulation through reciprocal actions on HMG-CoA reductase and paraoxonase in obesity.
Vitamin E-based Folic Acid Nanoemulsion: Formulation and Physical Evaluation for Oral Administration
Authors: Adi Annis Catur , Christanto Christanto , Rachmawati Heni , Adlia Amirah
Published: July 2019

Background:

Folic acid is essential in many metabolic processes and DNA synthesis. Nevertheless, folic acid is not stable, pH-sensitive, and deteriorated upon light exposure.

Objective:

This work was aimed to improve folic acid stability within vitamin E-based nanoemulsion.

Methods:

The nanoemulsion was prepared with self-nanoemulsification method by mixing vitamin E oil, Tween 20, and PEG 400. A pseudoternary phase diagram was constructed with aqueous titration to determine the optimum ratio for the mixture. The globule size, pH and entrapment efficiency were included in the nanoemulsion characterizations. In addition, the influence of centrifugation, storage, and pH on physical and chemical stabilities of folic acid nanoemulsion was evaluated.

Results:

Optimum formula was obtained from vitamin E, Tween 20, and PEG 400 with the ratio of 1:11:1, and the folic acid amount was 8 mg. The size of folic acidloaded oil globule was 15.10 ± 1.51 nm, and the nanoemulsion pH was 6.24 ± 0.01. The nanoemulsion system was able to load the folic acid completely. Folic acid in nanoemulsion was stable after 14 days at room temperature, and it was more stable compared to folic acid in solution. In addition, the physical and chemical characteristics of folic acid in nanoemulsion was not affected by the simulated gastric condition.

Conclusion:

Hence, nanoemulsion is a promising strategy to enhance folic acid stability.
Smart and Intelligent Stimuli Responsive Materials: An Innovative Step in Drug Delivery System
Authors: Guha Arijit , Shaharyar Md. Adil , Ali Kazi Asraf , Roy Sanjit Kr. , Kuotsu Ketousetuo
Published: July 2019

Background:

In the field of drug delivery, smart and intelligent approaches have gained significant attention among researchers in order to improve the efficacy of conventional dosage forms. Material science has played a key role in developing these intelligent systems that can deliver therapeutic cargo on-demand. Stimuli responsive material based drug delivery systems have emerged as one of the most promising innovative tools for site-specific delivery. Several endogenous and exogenous stimuli have been exploited to devise “stimuli-responsive” materials for targeted drug delivery.

Methods:

For better understanding, these novel systems have been broadly classified into two categories: Internally Regulated Systems (pH, ionic strength, glucose, enzymes, and endogenous receptors) and Externally Regulated Systems (Light, magnetic field, electric field, ultrasound, and temperature). This review has followed a systematic approach through separately describing the design, development, and applications of each stimuli-responsive system in a constructive manner.

Results:

The development includes synthesis and characterization of each system, which has been discussed in a structured manner. From advantages to drawbacks, a detailed description has been included for each smart stimuli responsive material. For a complete review in this niche area of drug delivery, a wide range of therapeutic applications including recent advancement of these smart materials have been incorporated.

Conclusion:

From the current scenario to future development, a precise overview of each type of system has been discussed in this article. In summary, it is expected that researchers working in this novel area will be highly benefited from this scientific review.
Peran Ketokohan Sardjito dalam Pendirian dan Penamaan RSUP Dr. Sardjito
Authors: Setyawan Herman
Published: July 2019

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk membuat deskripsi tentang peran ketokohan Sardjito dalam pendirian dan penamaan Rumah Sakit Umum Pusat Dr. Sardjito. Pada awal pendiriannya, Rumah Sakit Umum Pusat Dr. Sardjito merupakan rumah sakit pendidikan di Universitas Gadjah Mada, dan dibangun di Daerah Istimewa Yogyakarta. Dengan metode sejarah, penelitian ini mencoba menggambarkan berbagai peran Sardjito dan situasi yang melatarbelakangi pendirian Rumah Sakit Dr. Sardjito. Dari pembahasan dapat disimpulkan bahwa peran ketokohan Sardjito cukup besar dalam pendirian dan penamaan Rumah Sakit Dr. Sardjito
Pengaruh Pengarsipan Dokumen Terhadap Kinerja Dosen di Departemen Ilmu Administrasi Bisnis Fakultas Ilmu Sosial dan Ilmu Politik Universitas Padjadjaran
Authors: Mulyati Iis Yati
Published: July 2019

Riset ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui sejauhmana pengaruh pengarsipan terhadap kinerja dosen. Pengarsipan dokumen yang ada dapat membantu kinerja dosen dalam membuat Kontrak Kerja Individu (KKI) yang menghasilkan out put berupa Laporan Kinerja Dosen (LKD), Beban Kinerja Dosen (BKD), Sasaran Kinerja Dosen (SKP) dan realisasi kinerja dari Kontrak Kinerja Individu (KKI). Proses pengarsipan dokumen dilakukan secara rutin setiap ada arsip disimpan dan didokumentasikan, baik arsip fisik maupun alih media. Setiap semester bukti arsip alih media di sebarkan kepada setiap dosen, untuk mengunggah realisasi kinerja masing-masing. Data yang digunakan sebanyak 25 (dua puluh lima) orang dosen di Departemen Ilmu Administrasi Bisnis Fakultas Ilmu Sosial dan Ilmu Politik Universitas Padjadjaran. Data tersebut merupakan data pokok dengan analisis yang ditunjang oleh data-data sekunder berdasarkan hasil observasi di lapangan dan beberapa sumber pustaka untuk memperkuat serta memperdalam hasil analisis. Analisis data menggunakan regresi linier . Riset menunjukkan bahwa pengarsipan dokumen berpengaruh terhadap kinerja dosen sebesar 20 (dua puluh) persen. Dengan demikian, seorang arsiparis harus lebih aktif lagi dalam mengelola arsip-arsip dosen. Pengarsipan dokumen semakin baik, maka kinerja dosen akan baik pula.
Threshold Concepts and Students’ Learning Experience
Authors: Cornerstone Elvis
Published: July 2019

This paper gives an account of students’ learning experience entrenched in threshold concepts for a group of second year undergraduate Economics students at Bangor University during the 2008/2009 academic year. The majority of students who were involved in the supplementary class were totally satisfied with the quality of the intervention. Most students benefited from the clear style of delivery used for the intervention. A large number of students managed to cope with the difficult topics in their main class after having their confidence level improved. This made it possible for such group to develop a good understanding of the subject area covered in their main class. Majority of the students had their expectations met due to the relevance and accuracy of the course content.
A Reflection on the Sustainable Architecture Project
Authors: Capua Alberto De
Published: July 2019

Environment, ecosystem, harmful emissions, citizens’ health, energy consumption, sustainable development. It is a non-exhaustive list of terms that are part of our daily life and that show how much responsibility the human imprint has today on the state of health of the planet. Despite the fact that they have been deadlines for some decades, at the head of all the programmatic statements on development, issued by international bodies and governments, the situation does not seem to improve. We are, indeed, called to change our lifestyle and our well-being patterns which are causing an exaggerated and ever-increasing waste of energy and resources, just as the overall impact of the human species on natural systems continues to grow (De Capua, 2008). In recent years everything that has to do with architectural design, from the choices of materials to the technologies used, has had to deal with the term sustainability, whose meaning, despite trying to place it in a unique defining apparatus, always takes on nuances and different meanings. In spite of this it has universally generated, in the society of the last decades, the awareness that the lifestyle assumed will have a dramatic impact on the generations to come.
índice Anual 2013
Authors: Girón Alicia
Published: July 2019

revista 175
índice Anual 2014
Authors: Girón Alicia
Published: July 2019

Revista 179
Innovaciones sociales para territorios “inteligentes”: ¿ficción o realidad?
Authors: Parada Corrales Jairo
Published: July 2019

Este ensayo explora los alegatos teóricos acerca de la existencia de territorios “inteligentes”, concepto que ha sido desarrollado recientemente basado en las nociones de sociedad del conocimiento y economía del conocimiento, desarrollo sostenible e inclusión social. Se examinan las condiciones previas para las posibilidades, para la emergencia de este tipo de espacios territoriales en relación con el desarrollo económico que debe respaldarlos, la adecuada estructura social, las cualidades requeridas de agencia humana y las innovaciones sociales que tal propósito exige. Finalmente, como un estudio de caso, se presenta un examen empírico de tales condiciones en la Costa Caribe de Colombia, derivando de allí conclusiones y recomendaciones finales.
Empresas tecnológicas y políticas públicas de desarrollo regional en Brasil
Authors: Miralles Quirós María del Mar , Miralles Quirós José Luis , Daza Izquierdo Julio
Published: July 2019

El objetivo del presente estudio consiste en analizar el crecimiento empresarial del sector tecnológico de Brasil en el periodo 2002-2013. Para ello, se basa en la Ley de Gibrat o Ley del Efecto Proporcional (LEP) y en la metodología de datos de panel, ya que permite controlar la heterogeneidad inobservable. Sin embargo, a diferencia de la evidencia empírica previa, se tomaron en cuenta el efecto de la reciente crisis financiera y de la rentabilidad sobre el crecimiento empresarial. Los principales resultados obtenidos indican que en épocas de crisis, las políticas públicas podrían dedicar parte de sus recursos disponibles en ayudar a las empresas tecnológicas pequeñas, rentables y menos endeudadas para favorecer el crecimiento económico.