bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
تشخيص الثقافة التنظيمية في مؤسسات القطاعين العام والخاص حول عمل المرأة الإماراتية وتوليها مناصب إدارية وقيادية عليا
Authors: Yaghi Abdulfattah
Published: April 2016

هدفت هذه الدراسة إلى تشخيص الثقافة التنظيمية في مؤسسات القطاعين العام والخاص من خلال استطلاع آراء الموظفين الإماراتيين حول عمل المرأة الإماراتية وتوليها مناصب إدارية وقيادية عليا. وتم استخدام أسلوب المسح الميداني بتوزيع 1500 استبياناً خاصا بالدراسة على عينة عشوائية متيسرة من الموظفين الإماراتيين العاملين في مختلف الإمارات السبع في الدولة وتم استرجاع 1026 استبيانا مكتملا منها. وقد أظهرت نتائج تحليل التباين الأحادي وتحليل الانحدار المتعدد أنّ الموظفين يؤيدون عمل المرأة المواطنة خارج بيتها لكن مع وجود تخوف من أن يكون هذا العمل على حساب بيتها وأسرتها. كما أنّ الموظفين يؤيدون تولي المرأة الإماراتية مناصب إدارية وقيادية عليا في مؤسساتهم ويثقون بقدرتها على القيام بمهام هذه الوظائف. كما أظهر التحليل أن النساء الإماراتيات يفضلن العمل في وظائف تختلف عن تلك التي يفضلها لهن الرجال مع تشابه الطرفين في تفضيل عمل المرأة المواطنة في الوظائف الحكومية عموما. وقد تأثرت آراء الموظفين بعوامل رئيسية هي الجنس ومستوى التعليم ودرجة التمدن والتمسك بالقيم والعادات والتقاليد الإماراتية ودرجة المحافظه أو التحرر. وقد تمت مناقشة هذه النتائج وارتباطها بالثقافة التنظيمية وثقافة المجتمع في الإمارات العربية المتحدة.

 كلمات محورية: ثقافة تنظيمية، عمل المرأة، الإمارات، وظائف قيادية

Examining the Organizational Culture of Public and Private Sector Organizations about the Work of Emirati Women and their Appointment in Administrative and Top Leadership Positions

The purpose of the present study was to examine organizational culture in the public and private sectors by exploring Emirati employees’ opinion about local women’s work and leadership capabilities. Survey was used to collect responses from a convenience sample of 1500 employees of which 1026 were completed and analyzed using SPSS. Univariate and multivariate analyses showed that employees supported women’s work outside home but with concern that such work might come on the expense of their families. Employees also supported women’s appointment in administrative and leadership top positions with confidence in their leadership capabilities. Although expressed similar opinions, men were less supportive of women and have preferred different jobs for local women with governmental jobs being marked as the most suitable for Emirati women by both genders. Those opinions were influenced by employee’s gender, education, urbanization, commitment to national values, and liberalism. These findings have been discussed in relationship with organizational culture and culture of the society.

Keywords: Women Work, Emirates, Leadership, Public Sector, Private Sector, Organizational Culture
    
Contribuições teóricas e à pesquisa empírica da sociologia às políticas públicas
Authors: Côrtes Soraya Vargas
Published: April 2016

A Sociologia é uma das disciplinas constitutivas do campo interdisciplinar de análise de políticas públicas. Nesse sentido, a proposta da presente reflexão é apresentar, inicialmente, três dimensões analíticas para as quais a Sociologia oferece contribuição teórica para o campo das políticas públicas. Entre estas, aquelas que examinam o papel, nas sociedades contemporâneas, dos grupos sociais, dos imperativos cognitivos e normativos e das instituições e estruturas sociais. Em seguida, propõe-se apresentar evidências de como a questão das políticas públicas está presente no centro da agenda de pesquisas da Sociologia no Brasil.
O cotidiano e a prática artesanal da pesquisa
Authors: Pais José Machado
Published: April 2016

Na prática artesanal de pesquisa, o que se reclama é de uma sensibilidade sociológica atenta às experiências da vida cotidiana. O paralelo com a produção artesanal é exemplificado ao se explorarem os segredos de almofada das rendeiras de bilros. O social situado, com a sua trama de interações, é a almofada de afazeres da Sociologia da vida cotidiana, em que se sentam os rendilhados da vida social. As tramas da criatividade passam por uma aprendizagem processual e reflexiva, conjugando imaginação sociológica com rigor metodológico. Quem cria aprende com o que vai criando. Assim acontece na produção artesanal da Sociologia, em que o conhecimento é resultado de artes de pensar, de questionar e de fazer, cuja matéria-prima é uma espécie de barro social. Em sua forma mais bruta e realista, esse barro é o cotidiano. Com ele se bilram textos e ideias.
Em defesa da sociologia : o economicismo e a invisibilidade das classes sociais
Authors: Souza Jessé
Published: April 2016

O texto discute e critica algumas das versões mais importantes da leitura das classes sociais brasileiras contemporâneas segundo um viés “economicista”. Por economicista entende-se a leitura da realidade social quer parte do postulado, seja implícito seja explícito, de que apenas a consideração dos estímulos econômicos já explica o comportamento social em sua totalidade. Tomam-se os trabalhos de Marcio Pochmann e de Marcelo Nerí como exemplos de leitura economicista, na sua versão marxista e liberal respectivamente e critica-se a unilateralidade e superficialidade deste tipo de perspectiva. Na segunda parte do trabalho, contrapõem-se resultados de pesquisas empíricas nacionais com as classes populares brasileiras de modo a se mostrar as vantagens de um entendimento alternativo. A riqueza da herança teórica e empírica da sociologia crítica é o fio condutor para uma percepção mais rica e multifacetada da realidade social.
Esboço de uma morfologia da sociologia brasileira: perfil, recrutamento, produção e ideologia
Authors: Dwyer Tom , Barbosa Maria Ligia de Oliveira , Braga Eugenio
Published: April 2016

O artigo visa explorar algumas dos principais traços morfológicos dos cientistas sociais brasileiros. Esboça-se aqui um perfil do segmento acadêmico dos sociólogos, através de uma amostra de membros da Sociedade Brasileira de Sociologia, tendo sido os dados colhidos através de survey a ser respondido pela internet em 2009. Os dados indicam um segmento profissional predominantemente feminino, branco, com mais de 45 anos e renda bem acima da Inedia nacional. Seis instituições nacionais concentram mais da metade dos doutorados feitos por esse grupo. Inseridos principalmente como professores e pesquisadores, os sociólogos também têm entradas diversas no campo profissional, destacando-se as atividades administrativo-gerenciais. Como profissionais, os sociólogos trabalham com toda a gama classica de problemas e temas sociológicos.
Um "fiat miraculoso": Oliveira Vianna visita São Paulo
Authors: Bittencourt Andre Veiga
Published: April 2016

Se uma das particularidades do diagnóstico do primeiro e mais importante livro de Oliveira Vianna, Populações meridionais do Brasil (1920), consiste em pensar o país a partir de suas diferenças internas, de seus elementos heterogêneos - como fica claro desde o título, escrito no plural- essa ênfase no estudo nas diferenças não pode ser vista apenas como simples idiossincrasia do autor, tratando-se, pelo contrário, de uma Visão algo recorrente em outras análises daquele momento. Tomando como ponto de partida uma Viagem de Oliveira Vianna a São Paulo no início dos anos 1920, tento indicar neste artigo como não apenas o autor, mas principalmente suas ideias "viajaram" e dialogaram de forma importante com diferentes setores intelectuais daquele estado, preocupados então em pensar as relações entre São Paulo e restantedo Brasil.
Os relatórios da UNESCO de monitoramento das metas denominadas educação para todos (rept) e os destaques dados às ações do governo brasileiro
Authors: De Rezende Maria José
Published: April 2016

Por meio de uma pesquisa documental que tem como fonte os Relatórios de Monitoramento da Educação Para Todos (REPTs), encomendados desde 2002 pela UNESCO (Organização das Nações Unidas para a Educação e a Cultura), este artigo ressaltará, entre muitas outras dimensões que poderiam ser exploradas no interior de suas centenas de páginas, o modo como os REPTs vêm, ao longo de mais de uma década, se empenhando em construir uma visão otimista e positiva a cerca das açõesdo governo federal brasileiro no campo educacional. Neste caso especificamente, serão selecionados os debates sobre o Brasil no que tange, exclusivamente, ao modo como os procedimentos governamentais,na área educacional, são retratados pelas equipes produtoras destes documentos que tentam pôr na agenda pública alguns encaminhamentos na área educacional.
As ciências sociais francesas diante das reformas do ensino
Authors: Mercklé Pierre
Published: April 2016

O artigo concentra a sua atenção em um ponto frequentemente esquecido nas análises da história do desenvolvimento das Ciências Sociais na França: a do seu ensino. Toma como referência a ambição que têm fundamentado o exercício da pesquisa e do ensino das Ciências Sociais seja na universidade, seja no secundário: a de uma cidadania política e social iluminada por um profissional crítico. A análise das mudanças propostas para o secundário revela que essa concepção de ensino tem sido ameaçada pela elaboração de propostas calcadas no utilitarismo em detrimento de sua dimensão crítica.
O PIBID na área de ciências sociais: condições epistemológicas e perspectivas sociológicas: as perspectivas pública e cosmopolita
Authors: Dos Santos Mário Bispo
Published: April 2016

O PIBID, Programa Institucional de Bolsa de Iniciação à Docência, foi criado em um contexto de crescentes demandas em relação à universidade, dentre as quais, uma maior participação na formação de professores.  O programa almeja  instituir  um ambiente formativo que reflete uma concepção, na qual a produção e o ensino da ciência se desenvolveriam em um contexto interdisciplinar de aplicação do conhecimento e de busca de inovação pedagógica. Mas os e os atores envolvidos com o programa? Eles  compartilham dessa concepção epistemológica? Tendo em  vista estas questões e com base na literatura concernente ao ensino de Sociologia, buscou-se mapear as condições epistemológicas que fundamentam as práticas dos bolsistas do programa. Constatou-se o predomínio de uma concepção mais clássica e disciplinar relativa ao ensino das Ciências Sociais. O artigo então aponta a necessidade de mais pesquisas sobre as  referidas concepções e de debates acerca das perspectivas da Sociologia na sociedade atual, a partir das contribuições de autores como  Burawoy e Beck.
Professoras, cátedras e o ensino de sociologia na USP: anos 1940-1960
Authors: Spirandelli Claudinei Carlos
Published: April 2016

O artigo destaca trajetórias intelectuais, atividades de pesquisa, docência e relações de poder entre professoras da área de sociologia da USP nas décadas de 1940 a 1960. É um estudo a respeito de intelectuais, procurando compreender como estavam interligados os processos de institucionalização da disciplina de sociologia, relações de poder em geral, a licenciatura na Universidade e o ensino da época (contribuições dessas professoras, teorias preferidas, inovações etc.), tudo isso dentro do regime de Cátedras vigente. O texto é produto de consulta a biografias, correspondências e realização de entrevistas. A pesquisa propõe análises a partir de conceitos e obras de Teóricos como Weber, Mannheim, Bourdieu e Elias.
Notas sobre o pensamento social brasileiro nos livros didáticos de sociologia
Authors: Meucci Simone
Published: April 2016

Este texto se dedica a analisar os livros didáticos de Sociologia inscritos no Plano Nacional do Livro Didático para o Ensino Médio 2012. Estudamos os livros em três perspectivas. Em primeiro lugar, analisamos as condições gerais de elaboração dos livros didáticos, especialmente alguns aspectos do mercado editorial, a política nacional de distribuição dos livros didáticos e as características do gênero de escrita. Em segundo lugar, identificamos o perfil de seus autores, em particular as trajetórias acadêmicas e profissionais. Finalmente, procuramos compreender, a partir da contagem de referências e da análise da natureza das sínteses, como esses livros se apropriam dos autores do pensamento social brasileiro, inclusive as contribuições sociológicas contemporâneas. Com esta análise, pretendemos contribuir para a compreensão dos livros didáticos como objeto da sociologia do conhecimento, além do entendimento da circulação escolar do pensamento social brasileiro.
Braverman e a centralidade do processo de trabalho: comentário sobre comentadores desde uma leitura periférica
Authors: E Silva Leonardo Mello
Published: April 2016

O artigo  faz um balanço da recepção do livro  Trabalho  e Capital  Mo- nopolista, de Harry  Braverman, por ocasião  do quadragésimo aniver- sário  de seu lançamento. Obra marcante e influente na sociologia do trabalho, tanto   internacional  quanto brasileira, busca-se mostrar a pertinência e atualidade de sua  abordagem para  a pesquisa corrente nesse  campo de  estudos. Para  tal  fim,  o texto  inicia com  uma  con- textualização do  livro,  passando em  seguida para  um  mapeamento das  vagas  de  reação  a ele,  bem  como  as questões que  suscitou. Em seguida, é feita uma  reflexão sobre  os desafios metodológicos que  os estudos do  processo de  trabalho enfrentam, bem  como  o confronto com  dilemas saídos  da  prática de pesquisa. Sustenta-se que  não  há incompatibilidade de fundo entre  a tradição de estudos dos locais  de trabalho e a análise bravermaniana, de modo  que  a obra  permanece como um veio fecundo a ser explorado.
Corpos e cidade em movimento: jovens e (in) visibilidades nos circuitos econômicos e comerciais na cidade de Sobral-Ceará
Authors: Linhares Maria Isabel Silva Bezerra , De Almeida Nadja Rinelle Oliveira , De Carvalho Alba Maria Pinho
Published: April 2016

Esse  artigo  consubstancia reflexões sobre  a inserção precarizada de jovens  trabalhadores no espaço da cidade em movimento em tempos contemporâneos. Parte  de  uma  observação atenta e vigilante do  es- petáculo de  corpo  jovens,  em  suas  performances, nos  percursos do seu  trabalho de  venda de  produtos, no  centro da  cidade de  Sobral, no Estado  do Ceará.  Incide o foco analítico nos processos de mercan- tilização na civilização do capital, a adentrar no universo das juven- tudes, como  uma  dimensão da  sociedade do  espetáculo. Enfoca  os movimentos de  corpos, a encarnar a precariedade do  trabalho, nos circuitos da cidade, em articulação com  os próprios movimentos de expansão do capital.
Entre o consenso e o conflito ou qual o lugar dos movimentos sociais na relação entre teoria social e democracia?
Authors: Mello Rodrigo
Published: April 2016

O presente trabalho tem  por  objetivo  traçar  um  debate entre  alguns dos principais expoentes da teoria  social  contemporânea que,  em di- reções  opostas, apontam soluções à equação entre  democracia e plu- ralismo social.  Propondo os movimentos sociais  como  um  elo privi- legiado  entre  teoria  social  e democracia, dividiremos este  artigo  em torno  de  dois  movimentos, dedicando-nos, por  um  lado,  ao exame das contribuições teóricas e limites normativos trazidos ao debate pe- los teóricos que propõe a deliberação como  fundamento para  a cons- tituição de consensos democráticos, e por outro, a reflexão acerca das potencialidades de conexão entre  democracia e movimentos sociais trazidas por um campo teórico que defende o conflito como  via mais adequada para a participação dos movimentos sociais  na composição de horizontes democráticos.
Ciências sociais, ética e bioética: o caso do trabalho sexual
Authors: Silva Manuel Carlos , Ribeiro Fernando Bessa
Published: April 2016

O artigo  aborda uma  das  maiores controvérsias do campo científico contemporâneo: a relação entre  a ciência, em especial as sociais, e a ética.  Começando por  formular o problema, equacionando a velha questão filosófica em torno  da teoria  do conhecimento e analisando o binômio ciência e ética,  o texto recorre às pesquisas, levadas a cabo pelos  autores, sobre  prostituição feminina em regiões  de fronteira no Norte de Portugal; expõe,  ademais, os procedimentos metodológicos e éticos  observados durante o trabalho de campo. Tal permite demons- trar que a pesquisa em ciências sociais  possui características e modos particulares que  exigem  quadros de regulação éticos  específicos que não são compatíveis com aqueles que se aplicam, em regra, nas ciên- cias  naturais e da vida.  Não sendo o pesquisador social  exterior aos contextos e indivíduos sobre  os quais  desenvolve as suas  pesquisas, daqui decorrem questões metodológicas e teórico-políticas que,  sus- citando um  amplo  debate e divergências no  interior do  campo das ciências sociais, exigem  códigos  éticos que possam acomodar as abor- dagens críticas e emancipatórias.
Prevalencia y factores asociados con la conducta suicida en adolescentes de Lima rural.
Authors: Bazán-López José L. , Olórtegui-Malaver Víctor M. , Vargas-Murga Horacio B. , Huayanay-Falconí Leandro
Published: April 2016

Objetivos: Identificar la prevalencia y los factores asociados con tendencias suicidas en adolescentes de Lima rural. Métodos: Se realizó un análisis secundario de un subconjunto de datos del Estudio Epidemiológico de Salud Mental en Lima Rural 2007, que incluye variables demográficas y socioeconómicas, aspectos generales de salud mental, trastornos clínicos y relaciones intrafamiliares. Resultados: La prevalencia de vida del deseo de morir y del pensamiento suicida en adolescentes fue 21,4% (IC: 16,6-27,1) y 7,4% (IC: 5,0-10,8), respectivamente; observándose según el análisis multivariado asociaciones estadísticamente significativas para el deseo de morir con: sexo femenino (OR=3,05), cuánto le importa si hiciera algo que avergonzara a su familia (OR=2,61), reglas y castigos del hogar injustos (OR=2,89), apoyo del hermano(a) (OR=2,98), tener amigo confidente (OR=2,85), importancia de Dios en la vida (OR=0,23), trastorno deansiedad generalizada (OR=6,91) y depresión mayor (OR=7,5). En el análisis multivariado para el pensamiento suicida se observó asociaciones significativas con: contar con cancha de vóley (OR=6,29), cuánto le importa si hiciera algo que avergonzara a su familia (OR=3,49) y tener amigo o confidente (OR=2,38). Conclusiones: En los adolescentes de Lima rural, la prevalencia de deseos de morir fue alta, mientras que la de pensamiento suicida fue similar a la de otros países. Las asociaciones identificadas deberían ser evaluadas en estudios posteriores.
Mindfulness: Conceptos generales, psicoterapia y aplicaciones clínicas.
Authors: Vásquez-Dextre Edgar R.
Published: April 2016

El objetivo de este artículo es presentar una revisión sobre el concepto de Mindfulness, su uso en la psicoterapia y sus aplicaciones clínicas. Mindfulness es una técnica de meditación que consiste en observar la realidad en el momento presente, sin intenciones de juzgar y conplena apertura y aceptación. Existen terapias que usan Mindfulness dentro de su estructura y sus programas, tales como como la Terapia Dialéctico-Conductual y la Reducción del Estrés basada en Mindfulness. Mindfulness ha demostrado utilidad en una variedad de trastornos mentales y físicos como estrés, depresión, trastornos de ansiedad, trastornos de conducta alimentaria, dolor, cuadros emocionales vinculados acáncer, etc. La práctica de Mindfulness también ha demostrado efectos positivos en la relación terapéutica y la obtención de habilidades importantes para una buena práctica psicoterapéutica.
Phosphorus Effects on Biomass Accumulation and Nutrient Uptake and Removal in Two Potato Cultivars
Authors: Soratto Rogério P. , Fernandes Adalton M.
Published: April 2016

Information on the effect of P fertilization on nutrient uptake and removal by potato (Solanum tuberosum L.) cultivars is required for proper soil nutrient management. This study was performed to evaluate how dry matter (DM) accumulation and partitioning, the uptake of nutrients, and their allocation to the tubers and removal in potato cultivars (Agata and Mondial) are affected by the P fertilization rates (0, 125, 250, 500, and 1000 kg ha−1 P2O5) placed in the furrow at planting as triple superphosphate. An experiment was conducted over 2 site‐years in loam clayey Oxisols with low P availability in São Paulo State, southeastern Brazil. Both cultivars exhibited very similar DM accumulation, tuber yield, and nutrient uptake and allocation to the tubers when P was not supplied at planting. Phosphorus fertilization greatly increased the DM accumulation and nutrient uptake and removal of both cultivars. The cultivar Mondial was more responsive to P fertilization and its uptake and removal of N, P, K, Ca, Mg, B, and Zn were greater than for Agata. Application rates of P2O5 exceeding 500 kg ha−1 only increased the uptake of Ca and P and the removal of P, but the plant growth and tuber yield did not increase above this P rate. The harvest index (HI) and the nutrient allocation to the tubers were not affected by the P rates and barely differed between the cultivars. Differences in nutrient removal between the cultivars were more related to the tuber DM yield than the HI.

Potato biomass accumulation is positively related to an adequate P supply.

Phosphorus fertilization greatly increases nutrient uptake and removal of potato cultivars.

The cultivar Mondial is more responsive to P fertilization than Agata.

The harvest index and nutrient allocation to the tubers are not affected by P application rates.

Nutrient removal by each potato cultivar is more related to the tuber yield than the harvest index.
SNP‐Based MAS in Cotton under Depressed‐Recombination for Renlon–Flanking Recombinants: Results and Inferences on Wide‐Cross Breeding Strategies
Authors: Zheng Xiuting , Hoegenauer Kevin A. , Quintana Jose , Bell Alois A. , Hulse‐Kemp Amanda M. , Nichols Robert L. , Stelly David M.
Published: April 2016

Strong resistance to reniform nematode (Rotylenchulus reniformis) was previously introgressed from the F‐genome diploid species Gossypium longicalyx (2n = 2x = 26) into Upland cotton (G. hirsutum L., 2n = 4x = 52, 2[AD]1), and attributed to the gene Renlon. Two resistant elite lines were released, but their seedlings are differentially stunted in nematode‐infested fields. Here, we report on the development of linked SNPs and their use to disrupt “linkage drag” around Renlon. Using advanced backcross‐inbred lines with previously identified proximal (PCO) or distal crossover (DCO) events near Renlon, we chose 18 Renlon–linked SNP markers for mapping across two large (880) BC1F1 seed populations. Few recombinants occurred (7 of 1760). Using two of the closest Renlon–linked SNPs to select from a BC1F1 seed population (17,600), we identified 5 homeologous recombinants, but none separated the stunting and resistant phenotypes. We then compared homologous recombination rates using equally sized DCO × PCO INTERCROSS and BACKCROSS populations (n = 88). Many more recombinants occurred among progeny of the INTERCROSS (22) than the BACKCROSS (1). This finding suggests that the best SNP‐based strategy for interspecific breeding with the F genome and other homeologous genomes may be to use large‐scale MAS to select nearby flanking homeologous recombinants in early generations, map them to identify the two closest PCO and DCO types, then intermate them and use MAS to identify homologous recombinants.
Drought Effects on Cotton Yield and Fiber Quality on Different Fruiting Branches
Authors: Wang Rui , Ji Shu , Zhang Pan , Meng Yali , Wang Youhua , Chen Binglin , Zhou Zhiguo
Published: April 2016

Whole‐plant‐based measurements do not always accurately reflect the effect of drought on cotton because of its indeterminate growth habits. We conducted pot experiments with cotton and imposed three soil water levels (75 ± 5, 60 ± 5, and 45 ± 5% of field capacity [FC]) during boll development to determine influences of drought on yield distribution and fiber quality on different fruiting branches (FB). Drought not only reduced lint yield (decreased by 31 to 35 and 57 to 60% under 60 ± 5% FC and 45 ± 5% FC, respectively) but also altered yield distribution on different FB. Drought plants produced fewer and smaller bolls on higher FB than did the well‐watered plants. Boll biomass distribution and seed number per boll on upper FB were also altered by drought. Fiber length and strength declined progressively with decreasing water availability, being more pronounced on higher FB. Micronaire value was greater on higher FB under the same water regime, while no consistent influences of drought on micronaire were obtained. Boll weight, seed index, and fiber length and strength declined linearly with decreasing mean midday leaf water potential (LWP) during fruit maturation period (FMP) in the range of about 0.7 g, 1.0 g, 2.4 mm, and 3.4 cN tex–1 per MPa, respectively. Our findings showed that the bolls at various FB differed in drought response. The LWP was a suitable index for fiber properties under production environment. These data will be valuable for designing better irrigation strategies and improving cotton simulation models.
Combining Ability for Tolerance to Pre‐Harvest Sprouting in Common Wheat (Triticum aestivum L.)
Authors: Fakthongphan Juthamas , Graybosch R.A. , Baenziger P.S.
Published: April 2016

Pre‐harvest sprouting (PHS) affects wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) yield and end‐use product quality leading to massive economic losses. Red wheat cultivars are typically more resistant to PHS than white wheat. The objective of this study was to identify red wheat genotypes capable of donating genes for PHS tolerance to white wheat, independent of red seed coat color. A factorial (M×N) mating was conducted using six white wheat genotypes ‘Cayuga’, ‘Nuplains’, NW97S218, NW99L7068, ‘Peck’, and ‘RioBlanco’ and eight hard red wheat genotypes ‘Arapahoe’, CO960293‐2, ‘Jagalene’, NE98466, NI01812, ‘Wesley’, ‘Niobrara’, and ‘Plainsman V’. General combining ability (GCA) for individual parents and specific combining ability (SCA) for specific crosses were used to identify effective red wheat donors. General combining ability and SCA were calculated from a pre‐harvest tolerance score (∆) determined after testing heads in a misting chamber and from falling number measurements of field‐grown materials. General combining ability among red parents was significant for both ∆ and falling number, but not in white parents. General combining ability or SCA by environmental interactions, with the exception of ∆ from GCA in red wheat, were significant. Jagalene and Niobrara were identified as red wheat genetic reservoirs for additional genes of PHS tolerance useful in white wheat breeding. A significant correlation of SCA of falling number and SCA of ∆ was detected (r = 0. 38, n = 48, P = 0.007). The falling number assay can be replaced by an assay for ∆ to evaluate PHS tolerance in wheat breeding programs in areas in which pre‐harvest sprouting is not routinely observed.
Clarification of algae-laden water using electrochemical processes
Authors: Wiley Patrick E. , Trent Jonathan D.
Published: April 2016

Algae contamination of surface water and drinking water supplies is a significant problem particularly in rural areas. A decentralized inexpensive technology that would effectively remove algae from water would be beneficial. Electrocoagulation (EC) combined with electroflotation (EF) as a single process (ECF) is a promising algae harvesting technique with no moving parts that may be powered using a modest array of photovoltaic panels if a low power system can be developed. Here, an ECF system was constructed to study the energy required to remove algae from a simulated drinking water supply. Results from 18 ECF experiments indicated a >95% improvement of water clarity measured by optical density (OD750) could be achieved with as little energy as 1.25 kWh m−3. The key was to find the ideal combination of gas bubbles produced by EF (G) and coagulant from the EC relative to the concentration of suspended solids (S). The ideal gas to solids (G/S) ratio for the ECF system ranged from 0.09 to 0.17. In solutions containing chloride (Cl−) ions ECF produced chlorine gas which is known to contribute to disinfection. Results suggest that ECF can efficiently remove algae and simultaneously contribute to disinfecting contaminated drinking water supplies.
Robust water quality controller for a reverse osmosis desalination system
Authors: Hong Phuc Bui Duc , You Sam-Sang , Lim Tae-Woo , Kim Hwan-Seong
Published: April 2016

This paper presents two-degree-of-freedom (2-DOF) robust loop-shaping control methodology to stabilize a reverse osmosis (RO) desalination system operating under significant uncertainties, external disturbances and measurement noises, and to reduce product water cost. This method has the advantages that no information about the plant uncertainty is required and it can deal with external disturbance and noise simultaneously. The controlled RO plant is a multi-input multi-output (MIMO) system. The two controlled variables are product water flow and product water salinity, which are fundamental in water desalination. The result shows that the achieved controller has very good performance which can deal with up to 52% uncertainty, and eliminate 60% of disturbance and 70% of noise, while common existing controllers in RO desalination can't cover the uncertainty and disturbance or can only deal with small values of these factors. Now that the software and hardware in the RO plant are sufficiently robust, it is possible to use this powerful method for better water quality control of RO systems.
Assessment of riverside groundwater flood risk induced by high river water levels using a numerical model and monitoring data
Authors: Kim Gyoo-Bum , Cha Eun-Jee
Published: April 2016

Large barrages have been constructed on the main rivers in South Korea to store water and mitigate fluvial flooding damage. However, the increase in water levels behind the barrages can potentially lead to a rise in groundwater levels in the riversides. The purpose of this study was to describe the effect of a barrage on groundwater levels and to test the applicability of a numerical model to groundwater inundation in this context. The Shincheon–Baekcheon catchment is characterised mainly by agricultural land use and includes significant greenhouse cultivation. Its two zones, which are lower A and upper B basins, mainly yield fine- and coarse-grained deposits, respectively. Trend and distribution analyses of manual and automatic measurements of groundwater levels indicated that: (1) the groundwater levels generally increased as the river water levels rose after the river was dammed; (2) the significant correlation between groundwater and river water levels could lead to reductions in the groundwater levels if the barrage gates were opened as a control measure; and (3) the lowering of high groundwater levels during dry seasons is important for preventing soil wetting in the riversides.
On the weaknesses and limitations of EPANET as regards energy
Authors: Gómez E. , Cabrera E. , Soriano J. , Balaguer M.
Published: April 2016

With more than 1,500 citations in ranked journals and hundreds of thousands of downloads, EPANET is the benchmark software for analysis and design of pressurized water distribution networks. User-friendly, powerful and reliable, its public domain use has spread throughout the world. However, from an energy standpoint its capacity is limited to the point at which, in certain circumstances it can supply erroneous results. This is understandable because on the one hand its main aim was to model water quality, and on the other hand, because it was conceived and developed towards the end of the last century before people started talking about the water–energy nexus. Increases in the cost of energy and the need to limit greenhouse gas emissions, however, have made energy efficiency a primary and inescapable objective. As the transport of pressurized water is a big consumer of energy, it seems convenient for EPANET users, particularly for those who applied this software to pressurized irrigation networks, to understand, as far as energy is concerned, its weaknesses and limitations which, in the end, is the aim of this paper.
Influence factors of organic compounds leaching from PE pipes and the potential toxic effects on E. coli and rat C6 glioma cell
Authors: Liu Jingqing , Peng Hongxi , Tan Shengwei , Wu Jianmin , Bastani Hamid , Li Cong
Published: April 2016

Water quality safety is always a hot topic. Recently there has been a great increase in the use of polyethylene (PE) pipes in drinking water distribution systems in China. Some organics can leach from PE pipes into drinking water, which is undoubtedly harmful for consumers. In this study, potential organics leaching from two Chinese brands of PE pipe were investigated in order to determine the potential risk to both consumers and water quality. Their released amounts are characterized by UV254 instead of total organic carbon (TOC). Organics are identified by means of gas chromatography coupled with mass spectrometry (GC-MS). Influencing factors such as types of water, time, pH, residual chlorine are discussed. The cytotoxicity of leaching organics is first put forward in this study, and rat C6 glioma cell is used to assess the effect of leaching organics; the increasing dosage of soaking solution negatively affects morphology and relative viability of rat C6 glioma cell. The results show that residual chlorine, time and temperature have a positive effect on organics release, while pH plays an opposite role.
Hybrid wavelet-GMDH model to forecast significant wave height
Authors: Shahabi Sajad , Khanjani Mohammad-Javad , Hessami Kermani Masoudreza
Published: April 2016

In this study, the group method of data handling (GMDH)-based wavelet transform (WT) was developed to forecast significant wave height (SWH) in different lead times. The SWH dataset was collected from a buoy station located in the North Atlantic Ocean. For this purpose, the time series of SWH was decomposed into some subseries using WT and then decomposed time series were imported to the GMDH model to forecast the SWH. Performance of the wavelet group method of data handling (WGMDH) model was evaluated using an index of agreement (Ia), coefficient of efficiency and root mean square error. The analysis proved that the model accuracy is highly dependent on the decomposition levels. The results showed that the WGMDH model is able to forecast the SWH with a high reliability.
Study on the dynamic relation between spring discharge and precipitation in Fusong County, Changbai Mountain, Jilin Province of China
Authors: Gao Yue , Bian Jianmin , Song Chao
Published: April 2016

Mineral water is the main source of drinking water and is a dominant component of local economic development in Fusong County, Changbai Mountain, Jilin Province of China. Precipitation is the main recharge factor for mineral water in Fusong County; therefore, it is necessary to determine whether precipitation can effectively guarantee the supply of mineral water resources. In this study, precipitation data from the Donggang hydrological station in Fusong County were collected and analyzed to determine annual changes in characteristics and extreme probability. The results show that precipitation is stable and that the probability of extreme precipitation is small. Precipitation and mineral spring discharge in the Mingshui, Baixi, No. 2 Jinjiang, and Laoling springs were then collected and analyzed for separate periods by using a continuous wavelet method. The results show that the main oscillation period of both precipitation and spring discharge is approximately 11 months. Finally, the cross-wavelet method is conducted to analyze the period relationships between spring discharge and precipitation. The results show that both precipitation and spring discharge share the same phase, which indicates spring discharge has an immediate reaction to precipitation changes.
Key issues of ultrafiltration membrane water treatment plant scale-up from laboratory and pilot plant results
Authors: Chew Chun Ming , Aroua M. K. , Hussain M. A.
Published: April 2016

Industrial-scale ultrafiltration (UF) membrane systems have gained wide acceptance for producing safe drinking water. Laboratory and pilot plant studies are often carried out prior to the design of full-scale water treatment plants. Emphases are laid on how accurately these laboratory and pilot plant studies represent actual industrial-scale systems and the limitations. A case study which encompasses laboratory experiments, pilot plant and industrial-scale UF systems has been carried out in Malaysia using the same type of modified polyethersulfone hollow fiber UF membrane and surface raw water source. This research elaborates on the practical utilization of laboratory experiments and pilot plant results on the design and scale-up for industrial-scale water treatment plants. The results obtained in filtrate quality, transmembrane pressure and specific electricity requirements elucidate that both laboratory- and pilot-scale studies are essential to determine the detailed design criteria of an industrial-scale UF membrane water treatment plant with limitations that require attention. Design engineers are able to reduce the safety factor allowance and minimize cost by utilizing laboratory- and pilot-scale results for the scale-up of UF membrane water treatment plants.
The influence of aeration on the change in corrosiveness and aggressiveness of groundwater
Authors: Siwiec Tadeusz , Michel Magdalena M. , Reczek Lidia , Nowak Piotr
Published: April 2016

A high concentration of aggressive carbon dioxide disturbs many technological processes in water treatment. It also causes the development of corrosion in steel and concrete. De-acidification of groundwater by means of air bubbles alters pH and the concentration of aggressive carbon dioxide. This was investigated for the variables of air flow (Q = 20–50 L h−1) and height of water layer (H = 25–75 cm) as well as aeration time (t = 0–20 min). The obtained three-parameter models showed good correlation with the experimental results, except in a few cases where r2 was bigger than 0.9. Furthermore, they allow for prediction of an increase of pH and a decrease in concentration of aggressive carbon dioxide in aerated water. The effectiveness of de-acidification of groundwater was evaluated using indices of water stability (Langelier Saturation Index, Precipitation Index, Ryznar Stability Index, Aggressiveness Index and Index of Aggressiveness). Although as a result of aeration an increase of pH over 7 was observed, the non-corrosive values of the indices were not reached. This was due to a very low alkalinity of water, which was 0.7 meq L−1.
Coagulation optimization for DOC removal: pilot-scale analysis of UF fouling and disinfection byproduct formation potential
Authors: Wray Heather E. , Andrews Robert C. , Bérubé Pierre R.
Published: April 2016

A pilot-scale study was performed to evaluate a coagulant dose which had been optimized for biopolymer (i.e., foulant) removal on subsequent ultrafiltration (UF) fouling, as well as disinfection by-product (DBP) precursor removal. Polyaluminum chloride (PACl) dosages were selected based on a point of diminishing returns for biopolymer removal (0.5 mg/L) and directly compared to that applied at full-scale (6 mg/L). Membrane fouling (reversible and irreversible) was measured as resistance increase over a 48 hour filtration period. DBP formation potential (total trihalomethanes (TTHMs), haloacetic acids (HAA9) and total adsorbable organic halides (AOX)) were measured in both raw and treated waters. Results of the study indicate that application of a PACl dose optimized for biopolymer reduction (0.5 mg/L) resulted in 65% less irreversible UF fouling when compared to 6 mg/L. The addition of PACl prior to the membrane resulted in up to a 14% reduction in DBP precursors relative to the UF membrane alone. A similar level of DBP precursor reduction was achieved for both 0.5 and 6 mg/L dosages. The results have implications for cost savings, which may be realized due to decreased chemical use, as well as increased membrane life associated with lower irreversible fouling rates.
A comparative study between stirred dead end and circular flow in microfiltration of China clay suspensions
Authors: Shamsuddin Norazanita , Cao Chengcheng , Starov Victor M. , Das Diganta Bhusan
Published: April 2016

A well-defined comparative study between stirred dead end and circular crossflow for microfiltration of china clay suspensions has been undertaken. The comparisons have been made with respect to convective mass transfer coefficients, permeation and rejection rates, and energy consumption. Similar operating and hydrodynamic conditions were implemented for the comparison. According to our experimental data the circular crossflow module was proven to perform better as compared with the stirred dead end system due to the higher mass transfer coefficients, higher permeation rates and lower energy consumption. The mass transfer coefficients observed are comparable to those previously found in vortex flow filtration and dead end flow filtration. The presence of Dean vortices in the circular crossflow module promotes flow instabilities in the curved channel flow path which reduce the concentration polarization effect during the filtration process. The concentration polarization effect however deteriorated due to solute build up (high solute concentration at the membrane surface) and decrease of the shear stress, i.e., the particle lift forces on the membrane surface. This resulted in deposition of particles on the membrane surface. In terms of energy consumption, for the same energy cost the limiting flux reached in circular crossflow was found to be higher than in the stirred dead end unit.
Optimal use of chlorine in water distribution networks based on specific locations of booster chlorination: analyzing conditions in Mexico
Authors: Hernández Cervantes Daniel , Mora Rodríguez Jesús , Delgado Galván Xitlali , Ortiz Medel Josefina , Jiménez Magaña Martín Rubén
Published: April 2016

Water distribution networks (WDNs) could present problems of pathogen intrusion that affect the health of consumers. One solution to diminish this risk is to add more disinfectant to the water at the drinking water treatment plant (DWTP). However, this increases the cost of water treatment and may also cause the formation of trihalomethanes. Mexico has the largest bottled water market in the world. Also, most houses are built with individual storage containers due to intermittent service, which generates a greater residence time of the water before use. This paper shows an alternative to guarantee minimum disinfection along WDNs and diminish the use of disinfectant at the DWTP considering the conditions of water consumption and use in Mexico. We propose a model based on Genetic Algorithms to obtain scenarios where free chlorine is maintained at the minimum permissible concentration throughout the day. In addition, Water Managers could optimize the use of disinfectant by implementing booster chlorination stations (BCSs). The results show that chlorine use could be reduced by 38%, therefore guaranteeing the chlorine concentration limits along the WDN.
Renewal prioritization of multi-regional water supply pipelines through water supply risk assessment
Authors: Kim Kibum , Kim Mincheol , Seo Jeewon , Koo Jayong
Published: April 2016

In the Republic of Korea, multi-regional water supply pipelines were intensively laid during the rapid economic growth period; however, these pipelines are now aging. The cost of renewal of the aged pipelines would be enormous. Therefore, limited resources need to be distributed effectively in accordance with the priority of renewal. In this study, the risks involved in the multi-regional water supply pipeline of region K were calculated and assessed for setting the priority of renewal. The probability of failure of the pipeline was calculated through a quantification theory, and the effects of failure on the water supply pipeline were calculated by interpreting a pressure driven analysis. The risk considering the probability and consequence of failure comprehensively was found to be the largest at section A12. Three alternatives were considered for risk reduction, and the effect of each alternative on the risk reduction was analyzed. As a result, the construction of double piping by laying a new pipeline was found to be the most effective measure for risk reduction. The results of this study can be utilized as the basic data for establishing an investment plan for the renewal of the water supply pipeline and asset management plan.
Rapid small-scale column tests for Cr(VI) removal by granular magnetite
Authors: Kaprara Efthimia , Simeonidis Konstantinos , Zouboulis Anastasios , Mitrakas Manassis
Published: April 2016

This study evaluates the possibility of using magnetite as an adsorbent for the removal of Cr(VI) in a bed column setup under continuous flow conditions. For this purpose, granular magnetite was synthesized on a large scale and tested in both batch and rapid small-scale column experiments using reliable conditions of drinking water treatment. Column tests, which were designed to scale-down larger adsorption systems in terms of size, time and water flow, indicate a higher removal capacity compared to that observed during batch experiments with magnetite powder, reaching 9.2 mg/g at pH 6.4 before residual Cr(VI) exceeds 10 μg/L. The main parameters of this process, including pH, contact time and granular size, were also examined under similar column tests suggesting the improvement of the overall effectiveness and operation time at lower water pH, higher empty bed contact times and larger particle dimensions.
Data Analytics: Introduction to Using Analytics in Auditing
Authors: Chan David Y. , Kogan Alexander
Published: April 2016

This is a hands-on introductory practical data analytics teaching case that can be used in an auditing or related course. Students will learn about data attributes, data creation, structured query language (SQL), basic statistics, and performing basic audit procedures using analytics by utilizing the open source software R. Instructors can use this case for an in-class discussion or an independent out-of-class assignment. A solutions guide is available in the Teaching Notes. Multimedia files are available for download, see Appendix B.
Mast Cells Regulate Wound Healing in Diabetes
Authors: Tellechea Ana , Leal Ermelindo C. , Kafanas Antonios , Auster Michael E. , Kuchibhotla Sarada , Ostrovsky Yana , Tecilazich Francesco , Baltzis Dimitrios , Zheng Yongjun , Carvalho Eugénia , Zabolotny Janice M. , Weng Zuyi , Petra Anastasia , Patel Arti , Panagiotidou Smaro , Pradhan-Nabzdyk Leena , Theoharides Theoharis C. , Veves Aristidis
Published: April 2016

Diabetic foot ulceration is a severe complication of diabetes that lacks effective treatment. Mast cells (MCs) contribute to wound healing, but their role in diabetes skin complications is poorly understood. Here we show that the number of degranulated MCs is increased in unwounded forearm and foot skin of patients with diabetes and in unwounded dorsal skin of diabetic mice (P < 0.05). Conversely, postwounding MC degranulation increases in nondiabetic mice, but not in diabetic mice. Pretreatment with the MC degranulation inhibitor disodium cromoglycate rescues diabetes-associated wound-healing impairment in mice and shifts macrophages to the regenerative M2 phenotype (P < 0.05). Nevertheless, nondiabetic and diabetic mice deficient in MCs have delayed wound healing compared with their wild-type (WT) controls, implying that some MC mediator is needed for proper healing. MCs are a major source of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) in mouse skin, but the level of VEGF is reduced in diabetic mouse skin, and its release from human MCs is reduced in hyperglycemic conditions. Topical treatment with the MC trigger substance P does not affect wound healing in MC-deficient mice, but improves it in WT mice. In conclusion, the presence of nondegranulated MCs in unwounded skin is required for proper wound healing, and therapies inhibiting MC degranulation could improve wound healing in diabetes.