bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Problems of pricing in the field of maintenance and operation of urban areas and the ways to solve them on the example of the Sochi city
Authors: Sekisov Aleksandr , Kovtunenko Marina , Fokina Irina , Zakaryan Ishkhan , Pastukhov Sergei
Published: July 2021

The resort town Sochi is a municipality on the territory of Russia in the Krasnodar Krai. The location in the mountainous area and the proximity to the sea makes the Sochi city special in terms of the variety of possibilities for the resort services provision. In addition to a beach holiday on the Black Sea coast, Sochi is a place of attraction for the lovers of outdoor activities in the mountains: alpine skiing, snowboarding, mountain biking, and tourism. Historically, the city of Sochi is an all-Russian health resort, because in addition to favorable climatic conditions and the proximity of the sea, there are unique sources of mineral water and the balneological resort Matsesta, where tourists from all over the country and from abroad come for treatment all year round. More details about the current state of the region, plans and development prospects are presented in the scientific works [1-4, 5-7].
A systematic approach to the assessment of the water facility influence zones ecological state as a factor of environmental safety
Authors: Bondarenko Vladimir , Ylyasov Alla-Brerdi , Semenova Elena , Shtavdaker Maria
Published: July 2021

The purpose of this article is to assess the ecological state in the considered space and time in basin geosystems as the most important factor of environmental safety in the influence zones with the technogenic component, which includes various types of hydraulic structures (HTS), referred to as “Activity Objects” as a part of natural and technical systems “Natural environment - Activity Object - Population” on the use of water resources in various sectors of economic activity. To assess the ecological state in space and time in the considered river basin geosystem, within which quantitative and qualitative indicators of water resources are formed, based on the categorical basic concept “System”, which is integrated into the categories “Behaviour” and “Structure” and the concept of the category “System approach” as a research method for assessing the impact of the “Activity Object” on the “Natural environment” and the life of the living “Population”, on the basis of the results of integrated systemic environmental monitoring (ISEM) in the influence zones of the “Activity Object”, a classification characteristic of the types of monitoring studies for an objective assessment of “Natural environment” necessary at the stage of making a decision on the construction or further operation of the “Activity Object”.
Methodological foundations of the philosophical content of the system concepts “ecological state” and “ecological safety” in the use of water resources
Authors: Bondarenko Vladimir , Ylyasov Alla-Brerdi , Semenova Elena , Bandurin Vitalii , Shtavdaker Maria
Published: July 2021

The purpose of this article is to assess the philosophical categorical meaning of the concepts “ecological state” and “ecological safety” in the space and time of the water management object influence zones, hereinafter referred to as the “Activity Object” as a part of the natural-technical system “Natural environment - Activity Object - Population”, associated with the use of water resources in a particular branch of economic activity. It should be noted that the “ecological state” concept in the considered space and time of the river basin geosystem, where the quantitative and qualitative indicators of water resources are formed, determines the most important factor of the life activity of the “Population” living in the zones of influence of the “Activity Object” - “Ecological Geological Safety”. In the formation of scientific thinking in the field of water resources use in various sectors of economic activity, it determined the class of natural and technical systems’ creation and development, in which the central technogenic component is various types of hydraulic structures, making certain changes in the natural processes of interconnection, interaction and relationship of biotic and abiotic elements among themselves in the composition of the “Natural Environment” and the life of the “Population”, which form the “ecological state” as a factor of “ecological safety”. The system concepts “ecological state” and “ecological safety” are the most important basis in the scientific assessment of the anthropogenic impact level of the “Activity Object” on “Natural Environment” within the spatial limits of basin geosystems when making practical decisions.
Development of a method for reducing corrosion processes activity at water consuming facilities
Authors: Moskvicheva Elena , Timofeev Anton , Kotovchikhina Elena , Batmanov Viktor , Nesterchuk Alexandra
Published: July 2021

This article is devoted to the development of a method for reducing the activity of corrosion processes on the metal surfaces of water consuming facilities (hereinafter WCF). Today for WCF the following problem is acute: the existing corrosion protection does not provide the necessary completeness of reliability, thereby preventing them from being operated in accordance with the established standards. Corrosion damage is often the cause of large-scale pollution of hydrosphere and lithosphere. Therefore, the task of preventing or achieving a possible minimum of corrosion and biofouling formation intensity is to ensure the maximum protection efficiency, which is directly related to the search for new methods to reduce the corrosion processes activity.
Prospects for the use of multipurpose engineering devices for wastewater treatment at industrial enterprises
Authors: Ignatkina Darya , Geraschenko Alla , Vlasova Oksana , Telyatnikova Victoria
Published: July 2021

In this article, the authors highlight the issues related to the prospects for the use of multipurpose engineering and technical devices for wastewater treatment with the help of which it is possible to reach regulatory applicants for various pollutants of both organic and inorganic origin. The results of the development of the electrolyzer-adsorber combined device design, which makes it possible to carry out two sequential processes for obtaining substandard effluents, namely, electrochemical oxidation and sorption, are presented. Recommendations for the calculation for industrial use of a multipurpose engineering and technical installation developed by the authors are given. The results of the rational parameters’ selection for the electrooxidation-sorption treatment of substandard waters are presented on the example of one of the food industry enterprises.
Theoretical and practical aspects of the waste water electrochemical purification method’s applicability
Authors: Ignatkina Darya , Shevtsova Irina , Telyatnikova Victoria , Kotlomina Daria
Published: July 2021

In this article, the authors highlight one of the important directions in the field of environmental protection, namely, an increase in the amount of waste in the form of wastewater (WW) entering water bodies, most often without the required degree of purification. The main reason for the indicated problem development is the rapid growth of industrial production. The authors of the article carried out a literary search for effective and economically justified methods of industrial wastewater treatment. The article presents the results of laboratory studies proving the industrial wastewater electrochemical treatment efficiency and at the same time provides a theoretical explanation of the obtained experimental data from a physical, mathematical and chemical point of view, which allows not only to assess the choice reliability of juice processing some optimal parameters on the example of a food industry , but also take into account the design features in the development of engineering and technical devices, in particular – the electrolyzers.
Local experimental studies of the fertilizer uptake process into suction pipelines of pumping stations with a jet apparatus
Authors: Tarasyants Sergey , Panov Vladislav , Urzhumova Yulia , Rudakov Vladimir
Published: July 2021

Determination of the total energy in the suction pipeline of a four-component mixer of fertilizers and water in an experimental way, for the possibility of its use in various schemes of cropsirrigation has been performed. Materials and methods: The research was carried out at an operating pumping station LLC “Rassvet” Kuibyshevsky district of Rostov region on a specially made installation using calibrated control and measuring devices in accordance with GOST 24028-80 “Research tests”. The experimental results’ processing was carried out according to the recommendations of V.N. Voznesensky on the theory of experiment planning. The experiments were carried out in two stages, the first to determine the factors influencedegree: В1– mixer vacuum value, accepted values 0÷9 m, В2 – vacuum value in the suction pipe of a centrifugal pump, assumed values 0÷5 m, H1 – the head of the jet pump, taken within 0÷25 m, at full energy in the suction pipe of the mixerS (pressure + velocity head), which subsequently determined all the hydraulic parameters of the mixer suction line (pipe diameters, distance of mixture transportation, head loss in the suction pipeline. According to the first stageresults, the influencedegree of the factors on the criterion was determined - the mixer head is 66.37%, the mixer head mixer pipeline 26.32%, mixer vacuum 7.3% The second stage was carried out with the two most significant factors, the mixer head HIand vacuum in the suction pipe of the pump В2. Based on the results of the second group of experiments, an equation, the analysis of which made it possible to determine the value of the variationstudied intervals criterion was obtained.
Analysis of current conversion primary sensors dynamic characteristics of a reactive power source with renewable energy sources into secondary voltage
Authors: Siddikov Lkhomzhon , Abubakirov Azizjan , Seytimbetov R. , Kuatova Sh. , Lezhnina Yuliya
Published: July 2021

This paper presents the structure of a sensor for converting multiphase primary currents into a secondary voltage of reactive power networks with renewable energy sources, an algorithm for modeling processes in the sensor, which provides control over the primary current and a control device. The dynamic characteristics of the investigated sensor are given on the basis of the proposed analytical expressions. A graph model to study the conversion processes into secondary output voltages has been created. The sensor has been shown to be capable of generating a secondary signal at high speed.
Integrated monitoring of slope processes in North Ossetia
Authors: Zaalishvili V.B. , Melkov D.A , Dobrev N.D. , Kanukov A.S.
Published: July 2021

Landslides are one of the most destructive natural processes. The Loire landslide seems to be the reference object in this regard, it has absorbed all the extreme features of landslide structures known in the Central Caucasus, but has not revealed the secrets of its static state, the determination of which is the most important task of the scientific research. An active landslide formed as a result of anthropogenic activity (slope pruning) is also considered. The selected objects were examined by the geodetic and geophysical methods. Appropriate monitoring systems have been created.
The role of maritime logistics and supply chain in stimulating the export of agricultural products
Authors: Sagareishvili Nino
Published: July 2021

The article discusses the role of sustainable transport systems in competitiveness of Georgian agri-food products. Georgian agri-food products are less competitive on international markets. The country has FTAs with its partners that should make Georgian goods more competitive, at least in terms of price. Transport and logistics is one of the main parts of export, therefore, they have an impact on competitiveness of exported goods. Georgia trades with its neighbour countries, with the EU, China, etc. The EU and China represent huge markets and Georgian government targets to increase export in both directions, but there is a long distance between Georgia and its target markets, therefore it needs a developed transport and logistics system. On the other hand, portions of exported Georgian agri-food products are primary production, which have a shorter lifetime period, that’s why they should be transported in a short period of time, with specific machines. Without development of the transport system it is impossible to achieve sustainable export of agri-food products into Georgia’s target markets. Investments in the system, with tangible strategy and holistic approach can create a sustainable transport system that will increase competitiveness of Georgian agri-food products in international markets.
Criteria for evaluating and selecting suppliers for maritime enterprises
Authors: Lopatin Artem , Ishchenko Natalia , Filimonova Olena , Rudenko Natalia
Published: July 2021

Supplier selection problem for maritime enterprises might be solved by using a combination of information processing methods. In this article we propose to use an integrated approach to problem analysis, specifically a multi-objectives analysis merged with analytical hierarchical process (AHP-method), k-meaning cluster analysis and Taboo Search as a way of sorting and clusterization of potential suppliers. The main purposes of this article are to provide academic researchers, maritime companies with an evaluation methodology of potential suppliers. In addition, it might be helpful for suppliers to evaluate themselves and direct their attention to the fields that matter the most for their customers. The article identifies supplier selection’s criteria and sub-criteria that fits the most for maritime enterprises such as (a) parts and stores companies or (b) bunkers and lubricators suppliers ‘selection accordingly. Also shows the way to gradate list of potential suppliers based on the compilation of their scores on certain sub-criteria and its weight for customer-company using analytical hierarchical process. In addition, suggested the combination of k-meaning cluster analysis with Taboo Search as a way to choose a group of suppliers for enterprises that prefer to work with couple suppliers.
Cruise tourism in the Red Sea
Authors: Budz Olena , Romaniv Oksana , Milinchuk Olga , Yarmolyk Dina
Published: July 2021

Cruising is a lifestyle that involves living for extended time on a boat while traveling from place to place for pleasure. Cruise lines have a dual character; they are partly in the transportation business, and partly in the leisure entertainment business, a duality that carries down into the ships themselves, which have both a crew headed by the ship's captain, and a hospitality staff headed by the equivalent of a hotel manager. The business is extremely volatile. Cruise lines frequently sell, renovate, rename their ships just to keep up with travel trends. That is why the aims of the study were to focus on the development of cruise tourism in the Red Sea, to characterize the major cruise lines in the Red Sea. There are 11 cruise lines that operate in the Red Sea. Cruise line rating scores were developed in this study. The Royal Caribbean International is a leader. The Oceania Cruises is an outsider. The primary reasons that consumers will be motivated to book a cruise: good value offered by the cruise lines; love of cruising; get away with friends or alone; family reunions, honeymoons/weddings/anniversaries; try out new sustainable ships; shorter cruises; and «work and play» opportunity.
Mathematical modeling of the trajectory of a ship as a control object in local planning
Authors: Kupraty Oleksandr
Published: July 2021

In the article proposes the decomposition of the global planning task in local planning. It is proposed to combine the segment method and the sector method of division of the circle to construct the ship’s trajectory in local planning. Corrective coefficients were selected for the correct geometry of the turning trajectory, combining the segment method and the sector method of constructing the ship’s trajectory. The article uses formulas of spherical trigonometry; the trajectory of the turn depends on the rudder angle, which in turn depends on the turning ability of the vessel under the given conditions. In determining the value of the angle of the rudder, the control device must take into account the ship’s turning ability in the conditions set, the value of the angle of the turn and the constrained water area. The combination of all factors allows to differentiate the ship’s turning ability such as: high HG, middle MD or low LW with regard to passage area. The ME shifting operating modes matrix proposed in the article works as a filter of modes of operation and is completely dependent on the readings of pressure, temperature and vibration sensors. The ship’s trajectory is constructed using calculations in MS Excel and graphic simulations in the MATLAB environment.
Development of the logistics and transport system of organic products as a perspective direction of Ukraine's environmental strategy
Authors: Bogomolova Kateryna , Kralia Viktoriia , Podolska Olha , Sahachko Yuliia , Smihunova Olena
Published: July 2021

The state of development of the organic market in Ukraine is analyzed. Shown that organic agriculture is currently positioned in the country as one of the key direction to increase the level of environmental friendliness, economic feasibility in agriculture and is a progressive way to improve the balance between environmental and economic factors of society. The dynamics of changes in the number of organic farms and the area of their agricultural lands is considered. The analysis of the development of the Ukrainian domestic market of consumption of organic products is carried out, and also the dynamics of import of certified organic products from Ukraine to the EU is investigated. Relevance of the issue of logistics by road and rail is proved. The state and main problems of the transport infrastructure of Ukraine are considered. Emphasized that to improve the logistics needs strong institutions, effective coordination of state and government support at the highest level. The development of strategic directions for the improvement of the logistics and transport system is proposed in order to strengthen the competitive position of Ukrainian agricultural producers in the world market of organic products and intensify the integration of the state into the international economic space.
Tumortherapie in der Kindheit
Authors: Krome Susanne
Published: July 2021

Viele Kinder mit einem Malignom überleben inzwischen ihre Krankheit. Die andere Seite: Therapieassoziierte Komplikationen begleiten die Patienten teilweise lebenslang und erfordern ein regelmäßiges Monitoring. Dazu gehört auch ein beeinträchtigtes Hörvermögen nach platinbasierter Chemotherapie und Cochlea-naher Schädelbestrahlung. Eine aktuelle Querschnittsstudie zeigt die daraus resultierenden Defizite der intellektuellen Entwicklung und des Lernens.
Semi-automated Tracing of Hamstring Muscle Architecture for B-mode Ultrasound Images
Authors: Cronin Kevin , Delahunt Eamonn , Foley Shane , De Vito Giuseppe , McCarthy Conor , Cournane Sean
Published: July 2021

Hamstring strains are the most prevalent injury sustained by field-sport athletes. Insufficiencies in the architectural characteristics of the hamstring muscles can heighten an athlete’s risk of incurring a hamstring strain. To evaluate the influence of hamstring muscle architectural characteristics (i. e., fascicle length, pennation angle, muscle thickness) on injury risk, it is necessary to precisely evaluate these characteristics. Considering this, our aim was to develop and evaluate the precision of a novel semi-automated tracing software to measure the architectural characteristics of the biceps femoris long head (the most commonly injured hamstring muscle) in B-mode ultrasound images. We acquired static sonograms of the biceps femoris long head from ten healthy male field-sport athletes. The architectural characteristics (fascicle length, pennation angle, and muscle thickness) of participants’ biceps femoris long head were evaluated 10 times using the tracing software, with the specific purpose of determining its measurement precision. The tracing software precisely measured the architectural characteristics of the participants’ biceps femoris long head: fascicle length (% CV: 0.64–1.12), pennation angle (% CV: 2.58–10.70), muscle thickness (% CV: 0.48–2.04) Our semi-automated skeletal muscle tracing algorithm precisely measures fascicle length, pennation angles, and muscle thickness of the biceps femoris long head in static B-mode ultrasound images.
Akute myeloische Leukämie
Authors: Schmale Ine
Published: July 2021

Azacitidin ist eine Standardtherapie in der Behandlung der akuten myeloischen Leukämie (AML). Dies gilt auch bei der Erhaltungstherapie mit der hypomethylierenden Substanz. Darüber hinaus gibt es Hinweise auf eine Therapieoptimierung durch die alternierende Behandlung mit dem BCL2-Inhibitor Venetoclax.
Aggressive Lymphome
Authors: Schmale Ine
Published: July 2021

Immuntherapien mit Checkpoint-Inhibitoren und CAR-T-Zellen sind effektive Therapien bei aggressiven Lymphomen. Inzwischen liegen sowohl für therapienaive als auch Patienten in der Rezidivsituation interessante neue Studienergebnisse vor.
Patienten mit primären Hirntumoren
Authors: Kretzschmar Alexander
Published: July 2021

Patienten mit primären Hirntumoren sollten nach der Diagnosestellung zu regelmäßigen moderaten physischen Aktivitäten angehalten werden. Nach den Ergebnissen eines aktuellen systematischen Reviews können sie damit ihre gesundheitsbezogene Lebensqualität sowie die Belastungen im Alltag insbesondere durch neurokognitive Defizite, Fatigue, Stimmungsschwankungen und Schlafstörungen verringern.
Lachesis mutus and Calendula officinalis Q in Diabetic Foot Ulcer Treatment–Two Case Reports
Authors: Muraleedharan K. C. , Prakash Pooja
Published: July 2021

Diabetic foot ulcers and its complications are to be dealt cautiously in general medical practice. Most cases of diabetes mellitus have multiple comorbidities which add more difficulty in ulcer management. The chances of complete wound healing are low even after amputation, which may be required in >15% of patients with diabetic ulcer. Furthermore, it leaves behind mental, physical and financial burden to people. In this case report, two cases of diabetic foot ulcers are presented, one with bipolar affective disorder and the other one with his toes amputated, which were treated with homoeopathic medicines Lachesis mutus and Calendula officinalis Q along with standard care in an inpatient department facility. It shows the effectiveness of homoeopathy in managing such challenging cases without complication.
Perilunate Lesions – Clinical and Radiological Results with a Minimum of 2 Years of Follow-up
Authors: Ribeiro Elisabete , Oliveira Nuno , Ribeiro Juvenália , Varanda Pedro , Rodrigues Luis Filipe
Published: July 2021

Perilunate injuries are complex and rare lesions with circumferential carpal bones, ligamentous and cartilage involvement. Despite optimal surgical treatment, poor prognosis is expected and usually gets worse over time. Our aim was to address clinical and radiological outcomes after 2 years of follow-up. Seven wrists were revised with average age of 35.59 ± 14.01 (range 21–56) years old and mean follow-up of 44.10 ± 14.24 (range 25.60–68.63) months. At the latest follow-up, mean postoperative VAS score for pain was 2.71 ± 3.40 and DASH score was 10.48 ± 10.54. Patients returned to work in 5.00 ± 3.15 months. Strength and Range of Motion (ROM) parameters were ∼80% of the contralateral side, with exception for extension (61%) and radial deviation (73%). After 2 years of follow-up, radiographic arthrosis was observed in 29% of the cases. One of these patients was symptomatic and was proposed for arthrodesis. Mean carpal height was 1.51 ± 0.81 and scapholunate angle was 41.58 ± 22.82°. A correlation was observed between arthritis found at final follow-up and grip (r = −0.8660; p < 0.001) and pinch strength (r = −0.8885; p < 0.001). In conclusion, despite characteristic guarded prognosis, efforts to perform a prompt and adequate treatment are helpful. Clinical and radiological outcomes may not be related. Thus, it is of main importance to understand patients' perception of their sequelae.
Multiligamentous Knee Injuries: Current Concepts Review
Authors: Holloway Calvin , Rizzi Andrew , Dickherber Jason , Athiviraham Aravind
Published: July 2021

Multiligamentous knee injuries (MLKI) are rare but devastating injuries that have a potential to cause long-term sequelae and significant morbidity. Frequently occurring concomitantly with knee dislocations (KD), MLKI have many risk factors that influence their incidence and treatment outcomes. Proper understanding of these risk factors can assist the surgeon with evaluation, surgical planning, and managing patient expectations both pre- and postoperatively. The purpose of this review is fourfold: (1) identify the risk factors and injuries associated with MLKI, (2) describe factors implicated in the treatment of MLKI, (3) report the effect of these risk factors on outcomes of MLKI, and (4) provide a brief insight into MLKI at our tertiary referral academic care center. This was a retrospective review of literature relevant to MLKI. Studies that described injuries, risk factors, treatment techniques, or outcomes associated with MLKI were included in our review. A total of 35 studies (consisting of level 3 and 4 evidence) published between 2009 and 2020 were found and included in our analysis. In addition, 25 patients who underwent treatment for MLKI at the University of Chicago Medical Center between December 2015 and December 2019 were included in our analysis. MLKI tend to occur in the younger male population. Increasing age, body mass index, and severity of the injury have been correlated with worse functional and patient-reported outcomes. Operative treatment is indicated for MLKI; however, timing and repair versus reconstruction is still debated, and is often decided on a patient by patient basis. Retrospective cohort studies have indicated that reconstruction may be favored; however, further more rigorous studies are needed to better characterize this finding. MLKIs are devastating injuries with significant variability in presentation, treatment, and outcome. Variations in these are largely attributable to the mechanism and severity of injury, timing, and surgeon preference. A holistic approach, and understanding of the present literature, is required to best optimize patient outcome.
Thrombophilia, Inflammation, and Recurrent Pregnancy Loss: A Case-Based Review
Authors: Grandone Elvira , Piazza Gregory
Published: July 2021

Recurrent pregnancy loss (RPL) is defined as the loss of two or more pregnancies and is often multifactorial with the majority of miscarriages being due to aneuploidy and anatomic or physiological abnormalities. However, inherited or acquired thrombophilias have also been associated with RPL, albeit inconsistently. While inherited thrombophilias, such as factor V Leiden and prothrombin gene mutation, are relatively prevalent in women with RPL compared with the general population, a causal link has yet to be definitively established. Recently, systemic inflammation, as measured by high-sensitivity C-reactive protein, has also been hypothesized to play a role in infertility. Based on limited prospective trial data, antithrombotic therapy and antiplatelet agents have been proposed as possible tools for the prevention of RPL. Because of the multifactorial nature of RPL and infertility, various clinicians, as obstetricians and gynecologists, endocrinologists, hematologists, or vascular medicine specialists, may be requested to counsel these women. This, together with evidence gaps, frequently leads to distinctly different diagnostic and therapeutic recommendations, especially regarding thrombophilia testing and treatment. Using four case vignettes in this review, we critically appraise the literature and highlight how two clinicians from different subspecialties approach the relationship between RPL, inflammation, and thrombophilia.
Superdiffusion criteria on duplex networks
Authors: Yan Huibiao , Zhou Jin , Li Weiqiang , Lu Jun-an , Fan Ruguo
Published: July 2021

Diffusion processes widely exist in nature. Some recent papers concerning diffusion processes focus their attention on multiplex networks. Superdiffusion, a phenomenon by which diffusion processes converge to equilibrium faster on multiplex networks than on single networks in isolation, may emerge because diffusion can occur both within and across layers. Some studies have shown that the emergence of superdiffusion depends on the topology of multiplex networks if the interlayer diffusion coefficient is large enough. This paper proposes some superdiffusion criteria relating to the Laplacian matrices of the two layers and provides a construction mechanism for generating a superdiffusible two-layered network. The method we proposed can be used to guide the discovery and construction of superdiffusible multiplex networks without calculating the second smallest Laplacian eigenvalues.
Mechanism of snake-like propagation for positive streamers in a meandering plasma plume excited by a positively biased sinusoidal voltage
Authors: Wu Jiacun , Jia Pengying , Ran Junxia , Chen Junyu , Zhang Furong , Wu Kaiyue , Zhao Na , Ren Chenhua , Yin Zengqian , Li Xuechen
Published: July 2021

Being able to generate a remote plasma plume, the atmospheric pressure plasma jet has become an indispensable tool for extensive application fields. A plasma plume usually has a straight column morphology, which results from straight-line or stochastic snake-like propagations of streamers. The snake-like propagation of streamers is unclear in the mechanism. In this paper, a meandering plume is generated for the first time downstream of an argon plasma jet excited by a positively biased sinusoidal voltage, which transits from a straight column plume with an increasing bias voltage (Vb). Results indicate that the wavelength of the meandering plume is inversely proportional to voltage frequency and directly proportional to the gas flow rate. For every voltage cycle, integrated light emission from the meandering plume presents one pulse with low Vb and two pulses with high Vb. Fast photography reveals that the meandering plume results from repeated snake-like propagations of positive streamers due to the influence of ion clouds. To confirm the existence of ion clouds, an opposite argon flow is introduced. With wiping off ion clouds in the argon stream, the meandering plume gradually turns back to a straight column with an increasing opposite flow rate. All these phenomena mentioned above have been explained qualitatively on the basis of ion clouds. These results may shed light on the streamers' dynamics in the atmospheric pressure plasma jet.
Electro-optic modulation in integrated photonics
Authors: Sinatkas Georgios , Christopoulos Thomas , Tsilipakos Odysseas , Kriezis Emmanouil E.
Published: July 2021

Electro-optic modulators are an indispensable part of photonic communication systems, largely dictating the achievable transmission rate. Recent advances in materials and fabrication/processing techniques have brought new elements and a renewed dynamic to research on optical modulation. Motivated by the new opportunities, this Perspective reviews the state of the art in integrated electro-optic modulators, covering a broad range of contemporary materials and integrated platforms. To provide a better overview of the status of current modulators, an assessment of the different material platforms is conducted on the basis of common performance metrics: extinction ratio, insertion loss, electro-optic bandwidth, driving voltage, and footprint. The main physical phenomena exploited for electro-optic modulation are first introduced, aiming to provide a self-contained reference to researchers in physics and engineering. Additionally, we take care to highlight topics that can be overlooked and require attention, such as the accurate calculation of carrier density distribution and energy consumption, the correct modeling of thin and two-dimensional materials, and the nature of contact electrodes. Finally, a future outlook for the different electro-optic materials is provided, anticipating the research and performance trends in the years to come.
Development of electronic record-keeping software for remote participation in Large Volume Plasma Device upgrade using Angular 2 and NodeJS web technologies
Authors: Sugandhi R. , Soumya V. , Jha M. , Sanyasi A. K. , Adhikari Ayan , Awasthi L. M.
Published: July 2021

In an era of digital transformation and collaborations, the Web Information System (WIS) becomes an essential requirement for the information and data sharing of large experimental facilities among users. With the enhancement in the capabilities and performance of web technologies, sharing of experimental data using a flexible, modular, secure, and robust mechanism is feasible. In this direction, the Large Volume Plasma Device (LVPD), an experimental device dedicated for carrying out investigations for unfolding physical phenomena of relevance to Earth’s magnetosphere and fusion plasmas, also adopts web-based electronic record keeping for its operation. The nature of investigations is concerned with plasma turbulence of electron scale, induced anomalous plasma transport and mitigation of energetic electrons by excited whistler turbulence that requires large scale, and simultaneous multiple point measurements from different electrostatic and electro-magnetic diagnostics. This paper discusses the WIS implementation in LVPD for the experimental configuration, information logging, and preliminary data analysis. The architecture of the system is spread over three tiers covering application, data, and presentation layers. The presentation layer is developed using the Angular 2 framework on the progressive web application architecture. The application and data layers are developed using NodeJS and PostgreSQL, respectively. The novelty of this paper lies in the integrated application development approach and applicability of the latest web technologies in the scientific and experimental domains. This paper discusses the literature survey of similar developments at other places, requirements, scopes, development artifacts, adapted tools and technologies, obtained results from actual plasma discharges of LVPD, and future enhancements.
Synchronizability of double-layer dumbbell networks
Authors: Li Juyi , Luan Yangyang , Wu Xiaoqun , Lu Jun-an
Published: July 2021

Synchronization of multiplex networks has been a topical issue in network science. Dumbbell networks are very typical structures in complex networks which are distinguished from both regular star networks and general community structures, whereas the synchronous dynamics of a double-layer dumbbell network relies on the interlink patterns between layers. In this paper, two kinds of double-layer dumbbell networks are defined according to different interlayer coupling patterns: one with the single-link coupling pattern between layers and the other with the two-link coupling pattern between layers. Furthermore, the largest and smallest nonzero eigenvalues of the Laplacian matrix are calculated analytically and numerically for the single-link coupling pattern and also obtained numerically for the two-link coupling pattern so as to characterize the synchronizability of double-layer dumbbell networks. It is shown that interlayer coupling patterns have a significant impact on the synchronizability of multiplex systems. Finally, a numerical example is provided to verify the effectiveness of theoretical analysis. Our findings can facilitate company managers to select optimal interlayer coupling patterns and to assign proper parameters in terms of improving the efficiency and reducing losses of the whole team.
Collective behaviors of mean-field coupled Stuart–Landau limit-cycle oscillators under additional repulsive links
Authors: Wang Jianwei , Zou Wei
Published: July 2021

We study the collective behaviors of a large population of Stuart–Landau limit-cycle oscillators that coupled diffusively and equally with all of the others via the conjugate of the mean field, where the underlying interaction is shown to break the rotational symmetry of the coupled system. In the model, an ensemble of Stuart–Landau oscillators are in fact diffusively coupled via the mean field in the real parts, whereas additional repulsive links are present in the imaginary parts. All the oscillators are linked via the similar state variables, which distinctly differs from the conjugate coupling through dissimilar variables in the previous studies. We show that depending on the strength of coupling and the distribution of natural frequencies, the coupled system exhibits three qualitatively different types of collective stationary behaviors: amplitude death (AD), oscillation death (OD), and incoherent state. Our goal is to analytically characterize the onset of the above three typical macrostates by performing the rigorous linear stability analyses of the corresponding mean-field coupled system. We prove that AD is able to occur in the coupled system with identical frequencies, where the stable coupling interval of AD is found to be independent on the system’s size N. When the natural frequencies are distributed according to a general density function, we obtain the analytic equations that govern the exact stability boundaries of AD, OD, and the incoherence for a coupled system in the thermodynamic limit N→∞. All the theoretical predictions are well confirmed via numerical simulations of the coupled system with a specific Lorentzian frequency distribution.
Ultra-bright pure green perovskite light-emitting diodes
Authors: Zheng Haihua , Zhou Zhongpo , Wang Ti , Gui Pengbin , Wu Hao , Liu Chang
Published: July 2021

Inorganic perovskites, such as CsPbX3 (X = Cl, Br, I), have attracted attention due to their excellent thermal stabilities and high photoluminescence quantum efficiencies. Here, we report on all-inorganic light-emitting diodes (LEDs), including inorganic perovskite emitters (CsPbBr3) based on the heterostructure of n-ZnO/Al2O3/CsPbBr3/p-GaN. The effects of the CsPbBr3 and Al2O3 interlayers on the electroluminescence performance have been systematically investigated. It is observed that the Al2O3 interlayer plays an important role in determining the emission performance. By introducing the Al2O3 layers, the electron–hole recombination can almost be limited within the perovskite. The emission peaks of the heterojunction LEDs change from blue-green to pure green with the increased luminous intensities and decreased leakage currents. It provides an idea for the preparation of all-inorganic perovskite LEDs.
Sputtering of surfaces by ion irradiation: A comparison of molecular dynamics and binary collision approximation models to laboratory measurements
Authors: Morrissey Liam S. , Tucker Orenthal J. , Killen Rosemary M. , Nakhla Sam , Savin Daniel W.
Published: July 2021

We compare various sputtering simulation methods to experimental results in both the low energy (<1 keV) and high energy (≥1 keV) impact regimes for argon ions impacting a pure copper substrate at normal incidence. Our results indicate that for high energy impacts, both binary collision approximation (BCA) and molecular dynamics methods can be used to generate reasonable predictions for the yield and energy distribution of the sputtered atoms. We also find reasonable agreement between the theoretical and experimental results down to impact energies of 600 eV. However, at 200 eV impact energies, significant discrepancies appear between the experimental and theoretical ejecta energy distributions in the peak position, the width of the energy distribution, and the magnitude of the high energy tail. These discrepancies appear to arise from the experimental results being only for atoms sputtered normal to the substrate surface, whereas the theoretical results are integrated over all 2π solid angles above the surface. Using the BCA code SDTrimSP and limiting the results to only atoms emitted within ±15° of the surface normal brings theory and experiment into reasonable agreement. These results suggest that for low energy impacts, the energy distribution of sputtered atoms is highly dependent on the emission angle of the ejecta.
Optical ranging system based on multiple pulse train interference using soliton microcomb
Authors: Zheng Jihui , Wang Yang , Wang Xinyu , Zhang Fumin , Wang Weiqiang , Ma Xin , Wang Jindong , Chen Jiawei , Jia Linhua , Song Mingyu , Yuan Meiyan , Little Brent , Chu Sai Tek , Cheng Dong , Qu Xinghua , Zhao Wei , Zhang Wenfu
Published: July 2021

The multiple pulse train interference (MPTI) ranging system takes advantage of the high accuracy and absolute length measurement capability, but traditional scheme has a large measurement dead zone. In this Letter, we propose a MPTI ranging scheme based on chip-based soliton microcomb to achieve high-precision but no dead-zone measurement. The measurement optical path is improved to solve the problem of cross correlation interference fringe overlap, and a peak fitting algorithm is employed to further improve the measurement accuracy of the system. Using a commercial He–Ne interferometer, a 384 nm precision is obtained in 1.5 m distance measurements. Advantages of the simple optical path, high precision, and no measurement dead zone are expected to realize on-chip integration and provide a solution for precision measurement.
Substituted 2D Janus WSSe monolayers as efficient nanosensor toward toxic gases
Authors: Pal Kaur Surinder , Hussain Tanveer , Dhilip Kumar T. J.
Published: July 2021

The presence of inherent strain and electric field in the Janus transition metal dichalcogenide nanosheets widens their applications in nanodevices. The weak interactions between pristine Janus monolayers and gas molecules limit the applications of Janus sheets in gas sensing devices. However, tuning of structural and electronic properties by doping of foreign atoms in the lattice structure improves the gas sensing property of Janus WSSe monolayers. Herein, the superior gas sensing property of N, P, and As doped Janus WSSe monolayers for CO, NO, and HF gases has been studied using spin-polarized density functional theory. The binding energy analysis shows that the 3.12% doping of N, P, and As at S/Se sites is an exothermic process. New bands have been observed near the Fermi region in doped nanosheets. The simulations also reveal that doping improves the gas sensing properties of the doped sheets because of strong interactions between adsorbate and adsorbent. The interactions between gas molecules and doped WSSe monolayers are examined with the help of density of states plots. The uni-axial tensile strain tends to further improve the adsorption of CO on the nitrogen-doped WSSe nanosheet. Based on the present studies, it is evident that only 3.12% doping of foreign atoms makes WSSe Janus monolayers efficient material for CO, NO, and HF gas sensing without imposing external strain.
Investigation of high harmonic generation from laser ablated plumes of silver
Authors: Konda Srinivasa Rao , Lai Yu Hang , Li Wei
Published: July 2021

Silver (Ag) is one of the important targets in the studies of high harmonic generation (HHG) in the laser-induced plasma due to the relatively high conversion generation efficiencies and cut-off energy. In this work, we study the dependence of HHG in plasma plumes of Ag as a function of various laser parameters, including intensity of ablation pulse, intensity and ellipticity of driving pulse, and the delay between the two pulses. We identify the type of ion that dominates the measured HHG spectra by comparing the experimental data with strong-field approximation simulations and classical calculations for Ag atoms, Ag+, and Ag2+ ions. We also perform a comparative HHG study between the plasmas of bulk Ag target and the plasmas of a nano-powders target. It is found that the harmonic yields in the latter case are higher over a wide range of the aforementioned laser parameters. The results also indicate that the number of nanoparticles in the plasma generated from a nano-powder sample is indeed significantly greater than that in the plasma from the bulk sample.
Wavelet skeletons in sleep EEG-monitoring as biomarkers of early diagnostics of mild cognitive impairment
Authors: Sergeev Konstantin , Runnova Anastasiya , Zhuravlev Maksim , Kolokolov Oleg , Akimova Nataliya , Kiselev Anton , Titova Anastasiya , Slepnev Andrei , Semenova Nadezhda , Penzel Thomas
Published: July 2021

Many neuro-degenerative diseases are difficult to diagnose in their early stages. For example, early diagnosis of Mild Cognitive Impairment (MCI) requires a wide variety of tests to distinguish MCI symptoms and normal consequences of aging. In this article, we use the wavelet–skeleton approach to find some characteristic patterns in the electroencephalograms (EEGs) of healthy adult patients and patients with cognitive dysfunctions. We analyze the EEG activity recorded during natural sleep of 11 elderly patients aged between 60 and 75, six of whom have mild cognitive impairment, and apply a nonlinear analysis method based on continuous wavelet transformskeletons. Our studies show that a comprehensive analysis of EEG signals of the entire sleep state allows us to identify a significant decrease in the average duration of oscillatory patterns in the frequency band [12; 14] Hz in the presence of mild cognitive impairment. Thus, the changes in this frequency range can be interpreted as related to the activity in the motor cortex, as a candidate for developing the criteria for early objective MCI.
Critical phenomena of the layered ferrimagnet Mn3Si2Te6 following proton irradiation
Authors: Olmos Rubyann , Delgado Jose A. , Iturriaga Hector , Martinez Luis M. , Saiz Christian L. , Shao L. , Liu Y. , Petrovic C. , Singamaneni Srinivasa R.
Published: July 2021

The critical phenomena and magnetic entropy of the quasi-2D ferrimagnetic crystal, Mn3Si2Te6 (MST), is analyzed along the easy axis (H || ab) as a function of proton irradiance. The critical exponents β and γ do not fall into any particular universality class upon proton irradiation. However, for pristine and irradiated samples, the critical exponents lie closer to mean field-like interactions; therefore, long-range interactions are presumed to be sustained in MST. The effective spatial dimensionality reveals that MST remains at d=3 under proton irradiation, whereas spin dimensionality transitions from an initial n=1 to n=2 and n=3 for 1 × 1015 and 5 × 1015 H+/cm2, indicating XY and Heisenberg interactions, respectively. The spin correlation function reveals an increase in magnetic correlations at 5 × 1015 H+/cm2. Maximum change in magnetic entropy at 3 T is the largest for 5 × 1015 H+/cm2 at 2.45 J/kg K, in comparison to 1.60 J/kg K for pristine MST. These results intriguingly align with previous findings on MST where magnetization increased by ∼50% at 5 × 1015 H+/cm2, in comparison to its pristine counterpart [Martinez et al., Appl. Phys. Lett. 116, 172404 (2020)]. Magnetic entropy derived from heat capacity analysis shows no large deviations across the proton irradiated samples suggesting that the antiferromagnetic (AFM) coupling between the Mn sites is stable even after proton irradiation. This implies that magnetization is enhanced through a strengthening of the super-exchange interaction between Mn atoms mediated through Te rather than a weakening of the AFM component.