bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The United Fruit Co.
Authors: Neruda Pablo
Published: March 2022

This poem was published in volume 18, number 4, of Monthly Review (September 1966), from Selected Poems of Pablo Neruda, trans. Ben Belitt (Grove Press, 1961).
Antibacterial Activity from Temulawak Extract (Curcuma xanthorrhiza Roxb) on Growth Inhibition of Staphylococcus epidermidis In Vitro
Authors: Warmasari Ni Wayan Mutiara , Ernawati Desak Ketut , Indrayani Agung Wiwiek , Dewi Ni Wayan Sucindra , Jawi I Made
Published: March 2022

Background: Infection is one of the main causes of disease in tropical regions like Indonesia. One of them can be caused by bacterial infection of Staphylococcus epidermidis. Staphylococcus epidermidis is an opportunistic bacterium that attacks individuals when the body's immune system is weak. The incidence of bacterial resistance to antibiotics that already exist so that requires an alternative treatment, one of which is the use of temulawak rhizome extract (Curcuma xanthorrhiza Roxb). Temulawak rhizome is one of the spices which is still often used as traditional medicine among Indonesian people. Temulawak rhizome extract is known to have a variety of chemical contents with active compounds in the form of essential oils xanthorrhizol and curcumin which can affect the rate of bacterial growth.Methods: This study aims to determine the antibacterial activity of temulawak rhizome extract on the growth of Staphylococcus epidermidis bacteria in vitro. The method used in this study is the true experimental post test only control group design. Samples were divided into four treatment concentrations such as the extract concentration of 25%, 50%, 75%, and 100% of temulawak rhizome which was tested by agar diffusion method (Kirby-Bauer).Result: The results of the analyze of variant (ANOVA) test showed a significant difference (p = 0,000). The temulawak extract could inhibit bacterial growth with a medium inhibitory response (5-10 mm). Temulawak rhizome extract showed the greatest inhibition at 100% concentration with an average inhibition zone diameter of 9.20 mm.Conclusion : The extract of temulawak rhizome has antibacterial activity. The higher concentration of temulawak rhizome extract (Curcuma xanthorrhiza Roxb), the greater ability to inhibit the growth of Staphylococcus epidermidis bacteria.
Protective Effect of Lemon (Citrus limon L.) Ethanol Extract Cream as an Antioxidant Against Exposure to Ultraviolet B Rays in the Skin of Male Wistar (Rattus norvegicus) Rats
Authors: Dewanti Dewa Ayu Putu Sri Ista , Ernawati Desak Ketut , Indrayani Agung Wiwiek , Dewi Ni Wayan Sucindra , Jawi I Made
Published: March 2022

Background: Indonesia is an archipelagic country and one of the tropical countries that get sun exposure all the time. Sun exposure can have beneficial and detrimental effects in life. Exposure to radiation can cause acute effects in the form of erythema through the inflammatory process. Antioxidants are substances that can protect the body from damage caused by ROS. Natural antioxidants can be found in vegetables and fruits, one of which comes from lemon extract (Citrus limon L.). Lemon extract is known to have various chemical contents with active compounds in the form of flavonoids and phenols which can act as antioxidants. The aim of this research was to determine the protective effect that can be produced by lemons on UVB exposure in the skin of male wistar rats.Methods: This research uses the true experimental post test only control group design method. Samples were divided into three treatment concentrations, namely ethanol extract of lemon 5%, 10%, and 20%.Result: After testing for normality, the significance value was obtained (p <0.05). Based on the results of the normality and homogeneity test, the results of the data distribution are not normal and the homogeneous tests of the hypotheses used are the Kruskal-Wallis non-parametric test. Kruskal-Wallis non-parametric test results showed a significant difference with the significance value (p = 0.001). The best degree of erythema score was found in the cream of 10% ethanol extract of lemon with an average of 0.8 ± 0.84.Conclusion : The ethanol extract of lemon (Citrus limon L.) cream in a certain dosage has a significant effect on reducing the erythema degree score in the back skin of male Wistar rats (Rattus norvegicus) after exposure to UVB rays.
Phylogenetic study and association between prominent genotype and haplotype of KISS1 gene with FSH level in Idonesian native goat breeds
Authors: Febriana A. , Sutopo S. , Kurnianto E. , Widiyanto W.
Published: March 2022

The aim of the current research was to analyze the population structure and expression of KISS1 gene associated with reproductive traits through Follicle Stimulating Hormone (FSH) level and DNA sequencing analysis based on KISS1 gene. Genotypes of 23 goat does consist of Kacang goats (n=7), Kejobong goats (n=8) and Senduro goats (n=8) were investigated using DNA sequencing, 16 out of 23 samples were synchronized to examine their FSH level using ELISA method. The data were analyzed using MEGA X software for DNA sequences and General Linier Model (GLM) for FSH plasma level. The phylogenetic tree showed the high homology between Indonesian native goats with other species showing a gene conservatism. A significantly higher FSH plasma levels were obtained from Kacang and Kejobong than Senduro goat (P = 0.002), litter size (LS) 3 than LS 1 (P = 0.0175), further CAATGCGCAACGCT haplotype and GA genotype at g.2459 G>A have a higher FSH plasma than other haplotypes and genotypes (P = 0.0027; P<0.0001) and are associated with high LS (3.0±0.18). Neither sample collection times nor parities have different significantly. The current trial indicated that CAATGCGCAACGCT haplotype and GA genotype at g.2459 G>A were correlated with reproductive traits.
Krajowe bezzwrotne źródła finansowania instytucji kultury – za mało i jednocześnie zbyt wiele?
Authors: Kołaczkowski Bartosz , Ratajczak Małgorzata
Published: March 2022

Culture is one of the spheres in which human freedom is realized, and, at the same time, it is one of the main areas of public activity. The Constitution of the Republic of Poland recognizes (in Article 6) culture as the source of the identity of the Polish nation, its duration and development. In Poland, public cultural institutions definitely dominate among the entities operating in the field of culture. These are state and local government organizational units whose primary goal is to conduct cultural activity understood as the creation, dissemination and protection of culture. Cultural activity understood in this way, in accordance with the provisions adopted in Polish law, is not a commercial activity. This study deals with the issue of financing cultural institutions from non-returnable domestic funds. This subject has gained particular importance due to the deepening financial difficulties of cultural institutions as a result of the COVID-19 pandemic underway since 2020. An important argument that justifies considering the above-mentioned topic is the lack of sufficient knowledge of practitioners about the methods (sources) of financing cultural institutions. An analysis of the legal regulations regarding the own revenues of cultural institutions, subsidies, sponsorship and finally, aid instruments related to COVID-19 was performed in individual parts of the study. In order to obtain a credible picture of the financial condition of the Polish culture sector, the amount of public funds allocated in our country for its development and protection in 2011–2021 was also examined. The analysis here shows that a characteristic feature of the financing system for Poland’s culture is a large diversification of the possibilities for cultural institutions to obtain non-returnable domestic funds, which can be considered both an advantage and a disadvantage of this system.
Insufficient Entry and Consumer Search
Authors: Matsuoka Toshiki
Published: March 2022

This study considers a search market with an outside option and shows that entry may be insufficient. When a firm enters the search market, the price decreases, and consumers can search for more products, which increases the market demand and improves social welfare. However, firms do not internalize the effect, and insufficient entry can occur. Additionally, insufficient entry is likely to occur in a search market with low search costs and/or an attractive outside option, as these factors increase the socially optimal number of firms but decrease the firms’ profits.
Association study of CLDN14 variations in patients with kidney stones
Authors: Ullah Ihsan , Murtaza Khadijah , Ammara Hafiza , Misbah  , Bhinder Munir Ahmad , Riaz Amjad , Shehzad Wasim , Zahoor Muhammad Yasir
Published: March 2022

Claudin-14 protein plays an essential role in regulating calcium ions in the kidney and ear. Two phenotypes, hearing loss and kidney stones, were reportedly associated with variations in the CLDN14 gene. This study aimed to understand CLDN14 mutations’ contribution to hearing loss and renal stone formation in a Pakistani cohort. We analyzed CLDN14 sequence variations in 100 patients, along with healthy individuals, to assess whether specific polymorphisms were associated with the disease. Also, we performed an in silico analysis using a mutation database and protein annotation. The rs219779’s genotype CT (p = 0.0020) and rs219780’s genotype AG (p = 0.0012) were significantly associated with kidney stones. We also found that a novel haplotype, “TA” associated with kidney stone formation, has moderate linkage disequilibrium. The TA haplotype was significantly correlated with a kidney stone risk formation of 3.76-fold (OR (CI 95%) = 3.76 (1.83–7.72)) and p = 0.0016 compared to other haplotypes. In silico analysis revealed that mutations associated with hearing loss were not correlated with renal stone formation but affected claudin-14 protein stability. We structurally mapped a novel TA haplotype of CLDN14 that, based on our analysis, likely contributes to the pathogenesis of renal stones.
A Dispersive Mixing Testing Apparatus
Authors: Chohan R. K. , David B. , Nir A. , Tadmor Z.
Published: March 2022

The dispersion process of agglomerated soldis, such as carbon-black, into rubbers and plastics is still not understood to a satisfactory extent. Dispersive mixing is commonly carried out in roll mills, internal mixers and continuous intensive mixers. It is accomplished by repeated passage of the mixture, through converging-tight clearance high stress regions, of the mixers. The key design and operational variables are the geometry of this region, the stress history of the fluid element, and the passage distribution function. A laboratory apparatus was designed and built to enable a systematic study of the effect of these variables on mixing. The apparatus, and experimental results are described. Results verify that the number of passages is a dominant variable in dispersive mixing, and proves the utility of the apparatus to study the dispersive mixing process.
Neonatal and child mortality – are they different in developing and developed countries?
Authors: Stanojević Milan
Published: March 2022

Aim is to present the neonatal and child mortality in high-(HIC) and low-income (LIC) countries and possible influence of COVID-19 pandemic. In recently published sustainable development goals (SDGs) report and other sources the data on infant and under-five mortality (U-5MR) in HIC and LIC are presented. SDG 3.2 has targeted elimination of preventable child mortality, reduction of neonatal mortality rate (NMR) to less than 12 per 1,000 live births, and reduction of U-5MR to less than 25 per 1,000 live births by 2030. Negative influence of COVID-19 pandemic on performance of SDG 3.2 has been discussed. The lowest NMR was in HIC, almost 10 times lower than in LIC and sub-Saharan Africa (SSA). Data on the U-5MR between HIC and LIC are even worse because the difference was between 13 and 15 times lower in HIC. More children are dying after the neonatal period in LIC. In HIC, NMR comprises 56.3% of U-5MR, while in LIC it is 40.3%, and in SSA, it is 36.8%. Births attended by skilled birth personnel in HIC was 99.0% and in LIC it was only 58.6%, which might affect early NMR. The COVID-19 pandemic is affecting the delivery of perinatal health, with possible negative effects on stillbirth rates, NMR, U-5MR, maternal mortality rates, and many other indicators. The gap of the NMR and U-5MR between HIC and LIC has increasing tendency regardless of COVID-19 pandemic, affecting adversely perinatal health indicators in HIC and LIC.
Abbildende Müller-Matrix-Ellipsometrie für die Charakterisierung vereinzelter Nanostrukturen
Authors: Käseberg Tim , Grundmann Jana , Siefke Thomas , Kroker Stefanie , Bodermann Bernd
Published: March 2022

Ellipsometrie ist eine der vielseitigsten Methoden zur optischen Nanostrukturcharakterisierung. Insbesondere die Müller-Matrix-Ellipsometrie ermöglicht die Messung von optischen oder geometrischen Parametern mit Genauigkeiten bis in den Sub-Nanometer-Bereich. In der konventionellen Ellipsometrie wird dabei über die komplette Beleuchtungspunktgröße gemittelt. Wenn der strukturierte Bereich auf der Probe kleiner ist als der Beleuchtungspunkt, oder die Struktur keine Periodizität aufweist, kann das Messergebnis durch in den Randbereichen reflektiertes Licht beeinträchtigt werden. Besonders problematisch ist dies bei freistehenden Nanostrukturen mit charakteristischen Größen kleiner als die Beleuchtungspunktgröße. In solchen Fällen kann abbildende Ellipsometrie genutzt werden. Dabei wird eine Müller-Matrix für jedes Pixel in einem Kamerabild gemessen, wodurch der Polarisationseinfluss der Probe lokal bestimmt wird. In diesem Beitrag liefern wir Ansätze, konkrete Zusammenhänge zwischen geometrischen Eigenschaften von Nanostrukturen auf Nebendiagonalelemente der Müller-Matrix zu ermitteln. Dazu haben wir einen Aufbau für die Messung von Müller-Matrix-Bildern bei verschiedenen Einfallswinkeln in Transmission und Reflexion realisiert sowie eine Probe gefertigt, mit der wir geometrische Struktureigenschaften in Müller-Matrix-Bildern systematisch messen. Wir stellen Messungen sowie numerische Simulationen zum Vergleich der Ergebnisse vor. Des Weiteren diskutieren wir thermische Einflüsse auf Messergebnisse und stellen einen Algorithmus zu deren Behandlung vor.
Keeping time at Stonehenge
Authors: Darvill Timothy
Published: March 2022

Scholars have long seen in the monumental composition of Stonehenge evidence for prehistoric time-reckoning—a Neolithic calendar. Exactly how such a calendar functioned, however, remains unclear. Recent advances in understanding the phasing of Stonehenge highlight the unity of the sarsen settings. Here, the author argues that the numerology of these sarsen elements materialises a perpetual calendar based on a tropical solar year of 365.25 days. The indigenous development of such a calendar in north-western Europe is possible, but an Eastern Mediterranean origin is also considered. The adoption of a solar calendar was associated with the spread of solar cosmologies during the third millennium BC and was used to regularise festivals and ceremonies.
Developing a new model for predicting the diameter distribution of oak forests using an artificial neural network
Authors: Long Shisheng , Zeng Siqi , Wang Guangxing
Published: March 2022

The parameters of the probability density function (PDF) may be estimated using the parameter prediction method (PPM) and the parameter recovery method (PRM). However, these methods can suffer from accuracy issues. We developed and evaluated the prediction accuracy of two PPMs (stepwise regression model and dummy variable model) and an artificial neural network (ANN) to predict diameter distribution using data collected from 188 oak forest plots. The results demonstrated that the Weibull distribution performed well in fitting the diameter distribution. Compared with the stepwise regression model, the PPM model with stand type as a dummy variable reduced the predictional errors in estimating the parameters b and c of the Weibull distribution, but the prediction accuracy of the diameter distribution showed no significant improvement. Compared with the two PPM models, the ANN model with diameter class (C), average diameter (D) and stand type (T) as input variables decreased the RRMSE by 2.9% and 4.33% in estimating diameter distribution, respectively. The satisfactory prediction accuracy and simple model structure indicated that an ANN worked well for the prediction of the diameter distribution with few requirements and high practicality.
Variation in aboveground biomass carbon accumulation in Scots pine seed orchards progeny
Authors: Chmura Daniel J. , Rozkowski Roman , Guzicka Marzenna , Dorobek Klaudia
Published: March 2022

Increasing growth and biomass accumulation in forest stands may positively contribute to carbon (C) sequestration and climate change mitigation. Tree improvement programs develop planting material with enhanced growth and biomass accumulation. Scots pine is commonly planted in Europe, and provides a potential for increased C accumulation in forest biomass when using improved seed origins. Our objective was to investigate variation in standing aboveground C accumulation among the progeny of Scots pine seed orchards in climatically variable environments, where we also compared the amount of accumulated C between the tested populations and commercial stands. The aboveground biomass of trees in two series of replicated common garden trials was estimated with eight allometric equations, converted into C, and expressed per unit area. For each trial site we selected reference stands matching the age, stand composition and forest site type, where the same measurements and calculations were done on sample plots. We specifically expected to find the progeny that would express better growth and greater accumulation of C in their biomass when compared to the reference stands. Significant and large variation was found among the examined seed sources and trial sites. On average, aboveground C accumulation varied among sites from 31.0 to 60.4 Mg ha-1 (age 22) and from 25.5 to 34.0 Mg ha-1 (age 17). Differences between populations at individual sites ranged from 41% to 55% (age 22), and from 29% to 54% (age 17). However, only a few of the investigated progeny had C accumulation significantly greater than the reference stands, and some had a lower C accumulation, depending on the study site. This study for the first time quantifies the amount of and variation in aboveground C accumulation among the progeny of Scots pine clonal and seedling seed orchards in Poland. It also contributes to the knowledge of the patterns of within-species variation in growth and biomass accumulation. Variation we found is promising for the potential to enhance C sequestration in forest stands through tree improvement. However, the lower C accumulation or non-significant differences between research trials and reference stands, indicate that the level of growth enhancement from phenotypic selection practiced so far in Polish forestry is limited. For increased C sequestration in planted forests, selection would need to be intensified.
Investigating the Effects of COVID-19 Pandemic on Stress, Anxiety, Depression, Self-care Behaviors, and the Quality of Life of Women at Risk of Preterm Labor
Authors: Dargahi Roghayeh , Bahrami-Asl Zahra , Dorosti Abbasali , Mallah Fatemeh
Published: March 2022

Objectives: The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic increased the severity of the psychological problems of pregnant women, which can have severe consequences. The current study aimed to investigate the effects of COVID-19 on the stress, anxiety, depression, self-care behaviors, and the quality of the life of women at the risk of preterm labor. Materials and Methods: The current descriptive-analytical study was conducted from March 20, 2020 to June 21, 2020. In total, 88 women who were at risk of preterm labor in Tabriz (Iran) participated in this study. The association between the Depression, Anxiety and Stress Scale-21 Items (DASS-21) questionnaire, Hart’s self-care behaviors during pregnancy, and SF-36 (for the quality of life) were investigated using Pearson and Spearman correlations in SPSS 20 at P<0.05. Results: Based on the results of the Pearson correlation test, stress and self-care scores (P=0.003, r=-482), self-care and depression scores (P=0.006, r=-396), as well as anxiety and self-care scores (P=0.001, r=-511) had significant inverse linear correlations. According to the regression model, only the stress variable had a significant association with self-care (P=0.039). There was a positive and significant (P<0.05) correlation between self-care behaviors and three dimensions of marital quality including physical function, mental function, and the feeling of pain and discomfort. Conclusions: The results of the current study showed the significant inverse association between self-care and depression and stress and anxiety during pregnancy in women at risk of preterm labor during the COVID-19 pandemic. Low quality self-care behaviors also led to a decrease in the quality of life of these women.
You-ology: A Puberty Guide for Every Body
Authors: Holmes Melisa , Hutchison Trish , Lowe Kathryn
Published: March 2022

What if learning about changing bodies wasn’t secretive or shameful? And what if it could even be inclusive, fun, and, well, kind of adorable? A new kind of puberty guide, You-ology embraces an inclusive approach that normalizes puberty for all kids. For curious kids and parents looking to talk about puberty in an inclusive way, You-ology offers fact-based, age appropriate, and body positive information about the physical, social, and emotional changes ahead for all kids. Available for purchase at https://www.aap.org/You-ology-Paperback.
NATIVE AMAZONIAN FUNGI TO CONTROL TERMITES Nasutitermes sp. (BLATTODEA: TERMITIDAE)
Authors: Fernanda Fernanda Viana , Gleison Gleison Rafael Queiroz Mendonça , Atilon Atilon Vasconcelos de Araujo , Leila Leila Priscila Peters , Clarice Clarice Maia Carvalho
Published: March 2022

Termites of the Nasutitermes genus are considered one of the main urban and agroforestry pests in Brazil, where the main method of control is the application of pesticides. The uso of entomopathogenic fungi to reduce the population of this plague in the environment could be use as an alternative. The goal of this study was to evaluate the virulence of isolates native Amazonian fungi belonging to the Tolypocladium endophyticum, Metarhizium anisopliae and Metarhizium marquandii species for the control of Nasutitermes sp. The strains of T. endophyticum (4.439), M. anisopliae (4.443) and M. marquandii (4.472) with their respective isolation codes, were evaluated using suspensions at concentrations of 105, 106, 107 and 108 conidia/mL against the termites. The fungi were characterized to species level by molecular analysis. The greatest virulence was registered with T. endophyticum (4.439), with a mortality of 100 % on the 4th day of treatment for all analyzed concentrations. The M. anisopliae strain (4.443) proved to be efficient, causing a mortality of 100 % on the 7th and 6th days at dilutions of 107 and 108 conidia/mL, respectively. Rates lower than 100 % were registered with M. marquandii (4.472). Therefore, the three fungal strains showed virulence against the termites Nasutitermes sp. In this study, the fungi Tolypocladium endophyticum and Metarhizium marquandii are reported for the first time for the biological control of pests, indicating the potential of native Amazonian fungi for the biological control of thermites Nasutitermes sp.
Regeneración de brotes a partir de tejido transformado en (Phaseolus vulgaris) Fabaceae cultivares 'ICA Pijao' y 'BAT 93'
Authors: Iglesias Dianella , Ruiz de León Lyselle , López Damaris , Collado López Raúl
Published: March 2022

El cultivo de Phaseolus vulgaris L. se encuentra muy difundido en el mundo. La transformación genética vía Agrobacterium tumefaciens constituye una alternativa en esta especie para la obtención de cultivares con tolerancia o resistencia a condiciones ambientales desfavorables. Sin embargo, la condición cultivar dependiente y la baja regeneración del tejido transformado en los protocolos establecidos para P. vulgaris, han limitado el empleo de esta tecnología a un grupo reducido de cultivares. El objetivo de este trabajo fue regenerar brotes a partir de tejido transformado en P. vulgaris cv. 'ICA Pijao’ y 'BAT 93’. Se determinó el efecto de la concentración de la suspensión bacteriana, la infiltración por vacío, el periodo de co-cultivo sobre la regeneración de brotes. Además, se determinó la efectividad de la geneticina y el glufosinato de amonio durante la etapa de selección en la regeneración de brotes a partir de explantes inoculados con A. tumefaciens. Los explantes ½ NC-1 inoculados con una suspensión bacteriana ajustada a una densidad óptica de 0,1, sin infiltración con vacío y mantenidos por tres días en co-cultivo presentaron la mejor respuesta de regeneración. La geneticina y el glufosinato de amonio fueron efectivos para la selección de brotes. La regeneración de brotes a partir de tejido transformado vía A. tumefaciens en P. vulgaris cv. 'ICA Pijao' y 'BAT 93', no descrita en la literatura científica, resulta importante para su posterior aplicación en programas de mejoramiento genéticos de esta especie.
Heritage building information modelling: a case study of Kasthamandap, Nepal
Authors: Paremain Henry William Perry , Toll David Geoffrey
Published: March 2022

A heritage building information model (HBIM) has been used to record permanently the tangible and intangible aspects of a heritage structure, Kasthamandap, situated in Kathmandu, Nepal. Kasthamandap dates back to 600 CE and is a building integral to Nepal’s heritage. It collapsed as a result of the Gorkha earthquake in 2015, and the reconstruction began in May 2018. The HBIM created was capable of achieving traditional building information modelling functionality to display the structural components (timber and masonry). In addition, a method of presenting intangible information was achieved, by modelling generic objects in the Revit software program to represent artefacts and ‘spaces’ and using web pages linked to the objects to display photographs and other archaeological data. The HBIM of Kasthamandap was created using the Autodesk Viewer software program to display a three-dimensional Revit model online, allowing access to the model at no expense to users. This paper demonstrates the variety of ways that an HBIM can be used to represent both engineering data and intangible heritage data, with the possibility of involving the public in the heritage documentation process.
The unsaturated characteristics of natural loess in slopes, New Zealand
Authors: Yates Katherine , Russell Adrian R.
Published: March 2022

Loess and loess-derived soils in the Akaroa harbour area of New Zealand are typically unsaturated and vulnerable to shallow landsliding during rainfall events. In this paper, the water retention properties and unsaturated shear strength of these materials are characterised using laboratory testing and long-term field instrumentation. Because the pore size distribution of the loess is fractal, the laboratory-derived soil-water characteristic curve is described mathematically using a series of power-law relationships. The same soil-water characteristic curve applies to both recompacted and intact loess when suction is normalised by the air entry value. Stress–strain behaviours of the recompacted and intact loess exhibit significant differences, however. The unique microstructure of the intact loess contributes to its larger shear strength. Long-term field instrumentation data, including suction and volumetric water content, indicate that the hydraulic state of in situ loess remained on a scanning curve for the duration of the monitoring period, despite the occurrence of significant wetting events. This, in combination with triaxial test results, allows the contribution of suction to unsaturated shear strength to be quantified. Temporal variations in suction's contribution to strength confirms seasonal variability in unsaturated shear strength and thus slope stability.
A Structural Model for Burnout and Work Engagement of Nurses in Long-term Care Hospitals: Application of the Expanded Job Demand-Job Resources Model
Authors: Yang Eun Ok , Gu Mee Ock
Published: March 2022

Purpose: This study aimed to develop and test a structural model for burnout and work engagement of nurses in long-term care hospitals. The hypothetical model was constructed on the basis of the expanded Job Demand-Job Resources Model by Xanthopoulou, Baker, Demerouti, and Schaufeli and previous studies related to nurses’ burnout and work engagement.Methods: The study participants included 232 nurses working in seven long-term care hospitals with over 100 bed located in Jeollanam-do and Jeollabuk-do. Data were collected from February 6 to February 16, 2020. Data were analyzed using descriptive statistics, Pearson’s correlation, and structural equation modeling by SPSS 21.0 and AMOS 21.0 programs.Results: The final model showed a good fit to the empirical data: The factors that influenced burnout of nurses in long-term care hospitals were resilience (β=-.37), emotional demands (β=.29), work overload (β=.24), organization-based self-esteem (β=-.19), and social support (β=-.18) explaining 60.5% of the variance. The factors that influenced work engagement for nurses in long-term care hospitals were resilience (β=.44), burnout (β=-.32), and career-growth opportunity (β=.18) explaining 66.4% of the variance.Conclusion: The model constructed in this study is recommended as a model to explain and predict the burnout and work engagement of nurses in long-term care hospitals. The results suggest that strategies for decreasing the burnout of nurses in long-term care hospitals should focus on resilience, emotional demands, work overload, organization-based self-esteem, and social support. In addition, strategies for increasing nurses’ work engagement should focus on resilience, burnout, career-growth opportunity, and social support.
Characteristics and Effects of Fall Prevention Interventions among the Korean Older Adults: A Systematic Review
Authors: Park Jeong Ha , Kim Hee Ju
Published: March 2022

Purpose: This systematic review aimed (a) to review the characteristics (types, elements, materials, who provided, where, modes of delivery, and intensity) of the fall prevention interventions adopted in studies of the Korean older adults (b) to review their effects by intervention characteristics and measures.Methods: The data were searched from RISS, Pubmed, CHINAL, EMBASE with key words of ‘aged’, ‘Korean’, ‘accidental falls’. The Joanna Briggs Institute was used to assess methodological quality. Data were extracted for sample nature, the type, element, material, delivery, and intensity of the intervention, measures, and findings.Results: A total of fifty nine studies were selected for this review. Most studies were conducted with only female older adults (66.1%) and small sample (less than 30 subjects) ( 93.2%). Exercise was the most frequently evaluated intervention type, with a small number of studies including education. Face-to-face (group) was the most frequently evaluated intervention delivery mode; only a small number of studies evaluated non face-to-face intervention. 12 weeks, 3 times a week, and 60 minutes per session were the most frequently evaluated intervention intensity. An exercise intervention was effective in balance and muscle strength. Fall prevention interventions face-to-face (group), delivered at least for 8 weeks, 3 times a week, and 40 minutes per day may be more effective.Conclusion: This review showed the current status of fall prevention intervention for the Korean older adults. As the literature indicated the exercise can be useful intervention but there need additional evidence from rigorously designed study to determine the effective form of intervention.
Investigating the Correlation Between Students’ Reading Fluency and Comprehension
Authors: Makebo Tadiwos Hambamo , Bachore Mebratu Mulatu , Ayele Zeleke Arficho
Published: March 2022

The purpose of this research was to investigate the relationship between students' reading fluency and comprehension. It is a correlational design. A purposive sampling technique was employed to select the district, school, students, and grade level. Accordingly, 100 students participated in the study. As the research was quantitative, reading comprehension tests and comprehension-based silent reading fluency tests were applied to collect data. The data was analyzed using statistical techniques like Pearson product-moment correlation and linear regression. The findings revealed that reading accuracy level and reading rate, which are the parameters of reading fluency, were strongly correlated (r =. 885, P < 0.01) with each other. However, silent reading fluency (SRF) had a moderate correlation with reading comprehension. Moreover, the reading rate had a strong positive correlation with reading accuracy (r =.885, p < 0.01, and reading comprehension (r =.410, p<0.01). In addition, the linear regression outputs confirmed that the higher the students' reading rate and accuracy level, the higher their reading comprehension (Beta = 0.42, t = 4.53, p < 0.05).  It means that when reading rate and accuracy increase, so do their reading comprehension.  The results suggest that reading rate and accuracy levels are valid measures of reading ability when students read silently with comprehension
Communicative Skills Through Corporate Storytelling Video: Students’ Perception
Authors: Mokhtar Nor Hasni , Othman Zarina
Published: March 2022

In this era of advanced technology, students must be equipped with essential skills for success in today’s world; critical thinking, problem solving, collaboration and communication. Having a successful communication does not only refer to success in delivering information, but also how it has engaged the audience. Corporate storytelling is a communication strategy in presenting a company’s brand and values to an audience using narrative techniques. Using corporate storytelling video as an English language competency course can offer activities that assist students to use their creativity in presenting ideas and expressing opinions confidently. This paper presents students’ perception on the effectiveness of these activities in enhancing their communicative skills through a survey questionnaire. The data were obtained from 227 students who took the Corporate Storytelling course through a questionnaire survey with the inclusion of open-ended comments distributed at the end of the semester. The findings show that the students perceive the activities to have improved their reading, writing, listening, speaking skills, presentation skills, critical thinking, and creativity. It is also found that the activities have helped the students to interpret the message in the video and to give their reaction to the video. The activities are also perceived to have boosted their motivation to use English to enhance their communicative skills.
The Psychological and Cognitive Processes Underlying College Students’ Demotivation to Learn English
Authors: Ren Xiaobin , Abhakorn M.L. Jirapa
Published: March 2022

This study aims to construct a model to explain Chinese college students’ psychological and cognitive processes underlying their demotivation to learn English. Grounded theory method and cognitive maps were creatively combined to analyze the interview data from 21 college students in China’s universities. This study found three paths underlying students’ demotivation to learn English: 1) the large discrepancy between students’ actual selves and their possible selves might firstly produce motivation for a short period but then could cause low self-efficacy and negative affects. The large discrepancies might also directly generate negative affects among college students; those different negative affects could lead to demotivation of English learning. 2) college students’ low ought-to selves could cause their low ideal selves and then demotivation of English learning; 3) demotivation to learn English might also associate with low value of English learning in college students’ minds. At the end of this research, some pedagogical implications are given based on those findings.
The Research Competence, Critical Thinking Skills and Digital Literacy of Indonesian EFL Students
Authors: Indah Rohmani Nur , Toyyibah  , Budhiningrum Ary Setya , Afifi Nur
Published: March 2022

This project aims to investigate the relationship between English as Foreign Language (EFL) students’ research skills, critical thinking skills, and engagement with technology or their digital literacy. EFL students' research competence is expected to support their academic performance on writing papers and assignments. It also demands the development of their critical thinking skills. Their engagement in technology involves the use of social media, online networks, and the use of several applications. This study takes the sample of EFL students from two institutions, namely UIN Malang and IAIN Kediri, Indonesia, to see whether there is a similar performance in both Islamic higher education institutions in terms of students’ online research competence, critical thinking skills, and similar trend on the engagement with technology. The data collection method covers questionnaire and quiz. This result demonstrates a significant correlation between research competence and digital literacy. Concerning the insignificant relation between digital literacy and critical thinking, it proves that the digital literacy does not always automatically support the enhancement of critical thinking skills. Understanding the relationship between online research competence, critical thinking, and digital literacy is a crucial step in developing Indonesian EFL teaching syllabi and material supporting students' academic success in higher education context.
Unveiling Indonesian Pre-Service Teachers’ Perceived Competencies and Readiness for Online English Language Teaching: A Mixed Methods Study
Authors: Daflizar  , Indrayadi Toni , Irawan Yoki
Published: March 2022

There has been a great deal of research into teacher readiness for online language teaching conducted in many parts of the world. However, scarce inquiry on this topic has been published in the Indonesian context. The purpose of this study was twofold: (1) to investigate Indonesian EFL pre-service teachers’ perceptions of their technological, pedagogical, and evaluation skills in online language teaching, and (2) to explore their perceptions of online English language teaching. The study employed a mixed methods research approach. The quantitative data were collected using a questionnaire from 92 pre-service teachers majoring in English Education at a state Islamic institute in Jambi province and the qualitative data were collected through WhatsApp messenger from six of the participants. The data obtained through the questionnaire were analyzed using descriptive statistics and the qualitative data were analyzed using content analysis. The results showed that the participants had positive perceptions of their technological, pedagogical, and evaluation skills in online English language teaching. However, the qualitative data demonstrated that the participants had a strong inclination toward classroom face-to-face teaching rather than online teaching for a number of reasons, indicating that they were not ready for online English language teaching. Some practical suggestions for the EFL teacher training programs in Indonesian tertiary education institutions are given.
Letters of Childhood and Youth: Characteristics and Theory
Authors: Dohal Gassim H.
Published: March 2022

The letter is a cultural and social phenomenon that is used to defy space and time that separate friends. Today, we use telephone, e-mail, fax, and many other means in order to communicate with our friends. But before the electronic age, letters were the main medium of communication for friends who were separated for whatever reasons. While being used as a way of communication in the past, today we read letters as texts for their cultural, historical, literary, and social values. This way of communication requires some attention for it will give us as readers a picture of social and cultural life of the period in question. Also it will provide researchers a solid background to explore the beginning of those great writers.
The Impact of Cooperative Learning on EFL Achievers’ and Underachievers’ Motivation Based on Marginal Utility
Authors: Wu Xueqing , Tao Mingxing
Published: March 2022

This study explores the change of EFL learners' motivation in learning English with the increase of CL time based on marginal utility. Thirty learners from an intact class in Grade 10 were selected through their performance on a piloted sample Preliminary English Test. Learners were assigned to achievers and underachievers groups. The questionnaire of motivation, based on the Attitude/Motivation Test Battery (AMTB), was given to both groups as a pretest. All participants underwent the same amount of teaching time and same material with the same teacher during seven-week CL, 35 sessions taking 45 minutes each. The same questionnaire was administered again at the end of one week, three-week, five-week and seven-week treatments respectively to both groups and their scores on the questionnaires were compared through an analysis of Paired Samples t-test and ANOVA. The findings showed that after one week CL, both the achievers’ and underachievers’ motivations were significantly improved compared with those in pretest; after three-week CL, the underachievers’ intrinsic and extrinsic motivations and achievers’ extrinsic motivation declined significantly compared with those of Week One, while the latter’s intrinsic motivation has no significant change; after five-week CL, underachievers’ motivation didn’t change significantly compared with their motivation in the pretest, which means that the marginal utility took place in underachievers’ motivation during three-week to five-week CL; after seven-week CL, the achievers’ motivation increased significantly compared with their motivation in the pretest, indicating there was no marginal utility for achievers’ motivation during seven-week CL.
The Phenomenon of Expletive Infixation in Vietnamese Language From the Perspective of Pragmatics
Authors: Thong Nguyen Vi , Khanh Nguyen Hoang Nhat , Thang Nguyen Tat , Quyen Nguyen Hoang Nhat , Nghi Tran Tin
Published: March 2022

Vietnamese has to date been considered to be a language without infixation. This study is an attempt to change that notion. Infixation does exist in the Vietnamese language, but in restricted discoursal and social contexts. Our analysis shows that infixes have pragmatic functions and convey one of three implications. They can be used to (1) to express a complaint, (2) to express disagreement, or (3) to enhance a compliment. For each pragmatic purpose, the social context must be considered so that offensiveness and impoliteness can be avoided. Our results reveal that the majority of the Vietnamese words containing the infix với chả express complaints and that với chả is most often inserted into nouns. This study provides Vietnamese language teachers, learners, and translators with an in-depth understanding of the Vietnamese infix với chả, as added into base words in certain styles of language play.
Chinese Merchants Role of Java Trade in 19th Century
Authors: Surya Riza Afita , Fikriya Rif'atul
Published: March 2022

Chinese arrival in Java was encouraged with significant factors both internal and external. Chinese in Java eventually brought shifting in economical, social, and political aspect of Java under Dutch realm. In 19th century, Chinese in Java were differed into two clusters, known as peranakan and totok. These two terms possed different languange, culture, economical conditions. This study aimed to determine the role of Chinese merchants of Java during 19th century. The study engaged literature study which includes planning, selection, extraction, and excution. Literature review tries to review several books, scholarly articles, and other relevant sources which focused on particular area. Under Dutch realm, Chinese in Java portrayed many different roles, such as moneylenders, middlemen, kapitan, opium traders, and etec. Chinese were considered active in and around Java as the settled in Netherland Indies trade withi coastal shipping. Chinese possess priviledge spot under Dutch colonial policy, due to their advance skill in business and their independency of local rulers. In term of trade, the Chinese were ubiquitous and essential, since everyone commited trade in Java had to do business with Chinese. Java’s Chinese men and unknown number of peranakan and native Javanese women whom they married or related were almost all participated in the money economy.
Development of Android-based Interactive Multimedia to Enhance Critical Thinking Skills in Learning Matters
Authors: Hamdani Salma Almira , Prima Eka Cahya , Agustin Rika Rafikah , Feranie Selly , Sugiana Ahmad
Published: March 2022

The advancement in science and technology in the 21st Century necessitates improving critical thinking skills in students. Implementing digital technology such as interactive multimedia in the learning process can encourage quality learning and teaching. This study aims to create Android-based interactive multimedia that will help students improve their critical thinking skills in learning matters. This research aims to develop android-based interactive multimedia to enhance critical thinking skills in learning matters. This research employed a developmental method that included analysis, design, development, implementation, and one group pretest-posttest to assess students' critical thinking skills. The participants were 30 students from Private Junior High schools in Bandung Barat. The instruments used were the expert's judgment rubric, students' questionnaire, and objective test. With an overall score of 88.25%, the experts' judgment score was classified as very good. Moreover, the average score of students' impressions was 84.56%, classified as very good. Based on the data analysis, the value of g is 0.52, which is classified as a medium enhancement. This finding indicates that students' critical thinking skills improve after applying Android-based interactive multimedia.