bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
SOSIALISASI ANCAMAN PIDANA BAGI PENYEBAR HOAX
Authors: Priambada Bintara Sura
Published: January 2023

Masyarakat di dunia termasuk Indonesia. Kebutuhan akan teknologi yang mampu mempermudah segala aktivitas baik dari segi pendidikan, informasi, politik dan ekonomi. Selain itu teknologi juga memiliki dampak negatif untuk masyarakat yang tidak memanfaatkan teknologi dengan baik dan benar. Banyak masyarakat yang terprovokasi akan informasi berita bohong (HOAX) yang banyak beredar di media sosial yang menyebabkan terjadinya konflik seperti fitnah, ujaran kebencian, pencemaran nama baik, dan berbagai masalah lainnya. Metode pelaksaan yang digunakan dalam pengabdian masyarkat ini  berupa penyuluhan hukum dalam bentuk ceramah tentang sosialisasi “Ancaman Pidana Bagi Penyebar Hoax”, di Balai Desa Gebang, Kecamatan Masaran, Kabupaten Sragen dan di ikuti dengan tanya jawab dan diskusi. Hasil penyuluhan pengabdian masyarakat bahwa penegakan hukum pidana terhadap penyebaran berita bohong (HOAX) telah diatur dalam Undang-Undang Nomor 11 Tahun 2008 yang telah mengalami perubahan menjadi Undang-Undang Nomor 19 Tahun 2016 pasal 28 ayat 1 dan 2. Selain itu peraturan lain dari penyebaran berita palsu atau hoax juga bisa dijerat dengan pasal-pasal lain terkait yakni pasal 310, 311, 378 dan 390 KUHP. Hambatan dalam penegakan hukum pidana terhadap penyebaran berita bohong (HOAX) yaitu terbatasnya sumber daya manusia yang dimiliki oleh kepolisian dengan masih mengandalkan kerjasama dengan lembaga lain diluar institusi kepolisian serta keterbatasan sarana dan prasarana dalam mencegah penanggulangan penyebarab berita bohong (hoax).
PKM INTERNSHIP STUDENT COMPETENCY TRAINING IN THE FIELD OF PHOTOSHOP CS 6 GRAPHIC DESIGN
Authors: Alkodri Ari Amir , Isnanto R Burham , Atmaja R ferry Bakti , Winoto Bambang Adi , Andreani Andreani
Published: January 2023

In this era of increasingly advanced technological development, skills and competencies in the digital field are increasingly needed to remain capable to compete in the future. One way to get these skills is to take vocational education in the field of computer technology. However, many vocational education graduates are not ready to work and lack competence. This training program activity aims to further strengthen students' competencies and provide students with experience in the world of work. At the end of the program, participants gain additional knowledge, experience and understanding of computer competence as well as an overview of a professional work ethic.
SOSIALISASI PENGASUHAN DAN KEBEBASAN HAK ANAK DI DESA SUKA NEGERI KECAMATAN BANDING AGUNG KABUPATEN OGAN KOMERING ULU SELATAN
Authors: Sari Siska Nopita , Mawardah Mutia
Published: January 2023

Pengasuhan adalah tindakan, peran, dan komunikasi yang dilakukan oleh orang dewasa dalam membangun pertumbuhan dan perkembangan anak. Orang dewasa disini adalah semua orang yang berkepentingan dengan anak, mulai dari orang tua, keluarga, masyarakat, sekolah, dan pemerintah sebagai pengambil kebijakan (Narsidah, 2014). Namun demikian, proses pengasuhan yang utama dan pertama terletak pada orang tua sebagai lingkungan terdekat anak, terutama bagi anak usia dini. Karena itu sebaiknya orang tua hadir di tengah-tengah anaknya dalam pengasuhan anaknya. Adapun tujuan dari penelitian ini ialah untuk memberikan pengetahuan dan pemahaman kepada orang tua ataupun yang akan menjadi orang tua mengenai tips pengasuhan anak yang tepat dan kebebasan apa saja yang berhak anak dapatkan dari orang tua. Metode yang digunakan adalah observasi, wawancara, dan pemaparan materi, sasarannya ialah masyarakat Desa Suka Negeri (Terutama yang sudah menjadi orang tua dan yang akan menjadi orang tua). Hasil setelah dilaksanakan kegiatan keilmuan orang tua terutama ibu-ibu lebih bisa menghadapi anak-anaknya meskipun masih ada juga orang tua yang belum menerapkannya dengan baik.
PELATIHAN PENYUSUNAN STANDAR OPERASIONAL PROSEDUR PADA TK AISYIYAH BUSTANUL ATHFAL 5 MATARAM
Authors: Erlina Sasanti Elin , Animah Animah , Bayu Suryantara Aditya
Published: January 2023

Standar operasional prosedur di dalam mengelola suatu organisai sangat diperlukan hal ini bertujuan agar proses pelayanan operasional berjalan secara baku, dengan tujuan semua yang terlibat didalam pengerjaannya akan melaksanakan sesuai dengan standar. Tujuan dari pengabdian ini adalah memberikan pengetahuan dan pelatihan cara membuat standar operasional prosedur didalam operasional layanan di tengah pandemi covid 19. Kegiatan pengbdian ini dilaksanakan dengan cara memberikan penyuluhan, pelatihan maupun mempraktekkan hasil dari penyusunan standar operasional prosedur yang sudah disusu. Bagian-bagian yang dilibatkan dalam kegiatan pengabdian ini adalah semua karyawan yang ada di TK Aisyiyah Bustanul Athfal 5 Mataram. Hasil dari kegiatan pengabdian ini adalah terwujudnya standar operasional prosedur yang berbasis teknologi dan dapat diimplementasikan dalam kegiatan operasional layanan TK Aisyiyah Bustanul Athfal 5 Mataram
PENDAMPINGAN PENGELOLAAN KEUANGAN BUMDES MENGGUNAKAN TELEPON PINTAR
Authors: Fitriyah Nur , Bambang Bambang , Mariadi Yusli , Nurabiah Nurabiah
Published: January 2023

Pengabdian ini bertujuan untuk meningkatkan pengetahuan dan keterampilan penggunaan aplikasi android “akuntansi UKM” pada pengurus BUMDES di desa Buwun Sejati Narmada. Pelatihan ini dilaksanakan di BUMDES Desa Buwun Sejati Narmada, pemakaian aplikasi ini cukup menggunakan HP android. Metode yang digunakan yaitu ceramah, latihan dan diskusi. Sasaran pendampingan penggunaan aplikasi android “akuntansi UKM” ini pada pengurus BUMDES di desa Buwun Sejati Narmada. Pendampingan ini dilaksanakan selama sehari dengan seluruh karyawan Bumdes khususnya bagian keuangan Bumdes sebanyak 10 staff yang bekerja di Bumdes Buwun Sejati. Aplikasi ini sangat mudah dijalankan dan outputnya berupa laporan keuangan yang sesuai dengan standar akuntansi terutama standar akuntansi untuk EMKM. Aplikasi Akuntansi UKM dapat dijalankan oleh siapa saja dengan hanya membutuhkan sedikit saja pengetahuan tentang akuntansi. Karena waktu terbatas ada beberapa staff BUMDES yang belum terlalu paham untuk penggunaan aplikasi ini. Oleh karena itu Kami Tim pengabdian membuatkan modul cara-cara penggunaan aplikasi akuntansi UKM ini dari awal sampai menghasilkan laporan keuangan. Dan Tim pengabdian bisa melakukan pendampingan secara berkelanjutan dengan mencantumkan contac person tim pengabdian.
PELATIHAN CAKE DECORATION 101 SEBAGAI PENGETAHUAN DI BIDANG PASTRY UNTUK SISWA-SISWI SMK SANTA MARIA
Authors: Indra Febryola , Novelia Christabel Verenia , Nathaniel Nathaniel , Kendra Wibowo Monica , Alexander Gumarus Bryan
Published: January 2023

Community service is one of the Tridharma Perguruan Tinggi (Three Pillars of Higher Education) which aims to increase the sense of concern for the community by sharing knowledge and skills. The purpose of this community service activity is: (1) Provide training on how to decorate cakes appropriately and professionally; (2) Establish cooperation between the Faculty of Tourism, Universitas Pelita Harapan and smk Santa Maria; (3) Carrying out one of the functions of the Tridharma Perguruan Tinggi (Three Pillars of Higher Education), especially in the field of Community Service; (4) Invite SMKN Hospitality students to innovate in decorating and entrepreneurship in the field of bread and cake.
PELATIHAN PENGELOLAAN KEUANGAN SEJAK DINI DI PANTI ASUHAN PUTRI AISYIYAH PEKANBARU
Authors: Setiawati Setiawati , Sukmadewi Refni
Published: January 2023

Pengelolaan keuangan perlu diajarkan sejak awal kepada anak-anak dengan harapan anak-anak memiliki pengetahuan tentang bagaimana memanfaatkan dan mengelola uang yang mereka miliki. Melalui penerimaan dan pengeluaran yang dicatat dan dibukukan, pengeluaran menjadi lebih teratur. Metode yang digunakan adalah metode pelatihan mencakup pembekalan ilmu tentang manajemen pengelolaan keuangan dan pengaplikasian ilmu yang telah diperoleh pada sesi pertama yakni latihan menyusun keuangan secara praktis. Dengan metode pelatihan ini, tim pengabdian akan mengajarkan peserta tentang pemahaman dalam mengelola keuangan dengan memberikan contoh serta menerangkan tentang laporan pemasukan dan pengeluaran sederhana.  Hasil yang di peroleh dari pengabdian ini yaitu menambah pengetahuan tentang bagaimana pengelolaan keuangan pada anak-anak. Pelatihan ini mengajarkan anak-anak untuk bisa mengatur keuangan nya sendiri, mengarahkan anak-anak agar dapat membedakan antara kebutuhan yang penting dan yang tidak penting, mengajari anak-anak untuk bisa mandiri serta    mewujudkan keinginan untuk mengajari anak agar lebih menghargai uang.
DISEMINASI BUKU PANDUAN MAGANG KEPADA MAHASISWA DALAM MENUNJANG KEBIJAKAN MBKM KEMDIKBUDRISTEK
Authors: Zuhri Al , Purnama Sari Riezky , Oktavinanda Giovanni , Jahria Sitompul Siti , Anggriawin Mirza , Pratama Agus
Published: January 2023

Kebijakan Merdeka Belajar - Kampus Merdeka (MBKM) merupakan manifestasi konsep baru di dunia perguruan tinggi yang memberikan keleluasaan kepada mahasiswa untuk belajar selama tiga semester di luar program studinya. Tren belajar seperti ini dianggap lebih fleksibel, otonom, dan relevan di zaman sekarang. Ini dianut dengan maksud membantu mahasiswa agar lebih mantap dalam ancang-ancang memasuki dunia kerja. Namun begitu, kebijakan yang tergolong baru ini memunculkan banyak polemik dalam benak mahasiswa, terutama bersinggungan dengan prasyarat, prosedur, dan benefit mengikutinya. Adapun magang atau praktik kerja merupakan salah satu item dari kebijakan MBKM tersebut yang menjadi bahasan khusus dalam artikel ini. Berakar dari masalah yang telah diuraikan, maka penulis memandang krusial untuk mengadakan pengabdian ini. Tujuan pelaksanaannya adalah membantu mahasiswa khususnya Prodi Ilmu Komunikasi, Univesitas Teuku Umar untuk lebih paham secara totalitas menyangkut berbagai ihwal yang masih mengganjal. Diseminasi dan dialog interaktif menjadi metode utama dalam pelaksanaan pengabdian ini, sehingga diperoleh hasil sebagai berikut: (1). Minat dan keingintahuan mahasiswa terhadap magang tinggi; dan (2). Banyak mahasiswa masih minim pengetahuan tentang prasyarat, prosedur, dan benefit magang, sehingga banyak dari mereka sangsi antara lebih baik memilih magang atau tidak. Merespons temuan ini, maka para pembicara menjelaskan secara detail tentang apa yang dianggap penting dan apa yang ingin diketahui oleh peserta diseminasi dengan mengacu pada buku panduan. Selanjutnya, alternatif tambahan untuk mewanti-wanti jika masih ada hal urgen yang belum tuntas tersampaikan, maka pembicara mengarahkan mahasiswa untuk mencari jawabannya melalui buku panduan yang telah disusun dan diunggah di web Prodi yang dapat diakses siapa saja, kapan saja, dan dimana saja.
PEMBERDAYAAN MASYARAKAT DALAM MENINGKATKAN EKONOMI KREATIF MELALUI PENGELOLAAN SAMPAH MENJADI BARANG BERNILAI
Authors: Haryati Tati
Published: January 2023

Sebagian orang menganggap sampah adalah barang yang tak bernilai. Namun ditangan – tangan kreatif, sampah dianggap barang yang bernilai karena dapat menghasilkan uang. Kegiatan pengabdian ini difokuskan kepada pengelolaan limbah sampah menjadi barang bernilai (seperti: kerajinan) melalui beberapa tahap program dengan melakukan pendekatan secara induktif dan beberapa tahapan (Tahap Persiapan, Tahap Pelaksanaan, dan Tahap Akhir). Tujuan pengabdian ini adalah untuk membantu menumbuhkan pendapatan Masyarakat Apenas Dostrik Welesi Kabupaten Jayawijaya melalui pengelolaan sampah yang ada di sekitar. Dari kegiatan Pengabdian kepada Masyarakat (PkM) ini, masyarakat memiliki pengetahuan tentang cara meningkatkan ekonomi kreatif  masyarakat melalui pemanfaatan limbah sampah.
PENINGKATAN KUALITAS KADER NASYIAH CABANG MANTRIJERON MELALUI PELATIHAN PENULISAN CV, COVER LETTER, DAN JOB INTERVIEW DALAM BAHASA INGGRIS
Authors: Iswati Luluk
Published: January 2023

Pengabdian kepada masyarakat ini bertujuan untuk meningkatkan kualitas kader Nasyiah Cabang Mantrijeron Yogyakarta dalam menghadapi dunia kerja melalui pelatihan penulisan CV, Cover Letter, dan Job Interview dalam Bahasa Inggris. Pelatihan ini diberikan dalam 3 sesi (durasi @1,5 jam) secara virtual. Tiap sesinya dialokasikan untuk meningkatkan pengetahuan serta melatih peserta dalam menulis CV, Cover Letter, dan Job interview. Hasil evaluasi setelah pelatihan menunjukkan bahwa para peserta (n=15), yang mayoritas mahasiswa akhir dan sedang mempersiapkan diri untuk melamar pekerjaan, mengaku bahwa pengetahuan mereka dalam menulis CV, Cover Letter, dan Job Interview dalam Bahasa Inggris meningkat  serta materi pelatihan relevan untuk kebutuhan mereka dalam memasuki dunia kerja maupun meningkatkan karir mereka.
PENDAMPINGAN IMPLEMENTASI TINDAK LANJUT PP NO. 23 TAHUN 2018 BAGI PELAKU USAHA BERBENTUK KOPERASI, PERSEKUTUAN KOMANDITER, DAN FIRMA BAGI UMKM DI KECAMATAN CIPAYUNG JAKARTA TIMUR
Authors: Wibawaningsih Ekawati Jati , Surbakti Lidya Primta , Sari Ratna Hindria Dyah Pita , Miftah Munasiron , Nugraheni Ranti
Published: January 2023

The purpose of community service activities is to provide assistance for implementation PP No 23 tahun 2018 regarding tax reporting for MSME members. With this assistance, it is hoped that MSME members have knowledge and skill about calculating and reporting taxes for their businesses. With the knowledge and skills of MSMEs, they can calculate how much tax they have to pay, as well as how to report taxation in maintaining the going concern of their business. The training activities were carried out for MSMEs  at the Cipayung sub-district office, East Jakarta. The participants of this assistance are members of MSMEs and also Jakpreneur members in East Jakarta District. This assistance is carried out by lecturers from the accounting study program at UPN Veteran Jakarta (UPNVJ) and is also assisted  by  students UPNVJ.
PENGUATAN KARAKTER MELALUI PUBLIC SPEAKING PADA SISWA SMK MUHAMMADIYAH CARIU
Authors: Astuti Sri , Puspitasari Nur Aini
Published: January 2023

Penguatan karakter melalui public speaking ini bertujuan untuk meningkatkan kepercayaan diri siswa dan meningkatkan kemampuan berbicara siswa di muka umum. Kegiatan ini dilaksanakan di SMK Muhammadiyah Cariu.  Metode yang digunakan dalam penguatan karakter melalui public speaking adalah partisipasi aktif dari peserta, serta praktik. Hasil Penguatan karakter terdapat perubahan yang signifikan yaitu 88% siswa sudah bertanggung jawab dalam mengerjakan tugasnya. Penguatan karakter inisiatif siswa mengalami peningkatan sebesar 89%. Setelah mendapat penguatan karakter dari tim PKM UHAMKA rasa percaya diri siswa meningkat sehingga terdapat peningkatan sebesar 92%. Pada prakti public speaking, terdapat peningkatan melalui rerata yaitu kelancaran menyampaikan pendapat/tanggapan 4,7, kejelasan vokal 4,7, ketepatan intonasi 4,8, ketepatan diksi 4,6, tuturan 4,5, kontak mata dengan pendengar 4,7, ekspresi 4,8. Peserta sudah mampu mempraktikan dan menerapkan teknik public speaking ketika mempresentasikan produk atau karya dihasilkan
PKM PENGENALAN PEMETAAN PARTISIPATIF MENGGUNAKAN APLIKASI QUANTUM GEOGRAPHIC INFORMATION SYSTEM BAGI APARAT PEMERINTAHAN DI KELURAHAN RAHANDOUNA KECAMATAN POASIA KOTA KENDARI PROVINSI SULAWESI TENGGARA
Authors: Hadini La Ode , Restele La Ode , Nurgiantoro Nurgiantoro , Hidayat Ahmad
Published: January 2023

PKM Pengenalan pembuatan peta, salah satu upaya meningkatkan kinerja aparat pemerintahan di kelurahan Rahandouna dalam rangka pembangunan berbasis geospasial. PKM ini bertujuan untuk meningkatkan pengetahuan aparat pemerintahan di kelurahan dan masyarakat partisipatif dalam pemetaan dan mendukung pembangunan kelurahan berbasis peta.

PKM dilakukan dalam bentuk pelatihan menggunakan metode Focus Group Discussion berupa ceramah, demonstrasi dan tanya tanya jawab. Ceramah digunakan dalam menjelaskan konsep-konsep pemetaan, data spasial, kaidah kartografis dan Sistem Informasi Geografis. Demonstrasi untuk menunjukkan prosedur kerja komponen SIG dan data geospasial serta  analisis dan cara penyajiannya berupa peta menggunakan aplikasi QGIS. Sementara itu, pendampingan klinis untuk memfasilitasi peserta mengkonfirmasikan kendala dan kesulitan yang dihadapi dalam pemetaan. Hasil pelatihan ini adalah terwujudnya indikator keberhasilan dan ketercapaian tujuan dan target pelatihan berupa peningkatan kemampuan peserta mitra dalam penguasaan materi pembuatan peta secara partisipatif sesuai kaidah kartografi dan pemggunaan aplikasi SIG QGIS yang bermanfaat mendukung pembangunan berbasis data geospasial di kelurahan Rahandouna.
OPTIMALISASI PERAN PETUGAS KESEHATAN UNTUK PENINGKATAN MUTU PELAYANAN DALAM PENCEGAHAN NARKOBA SERTA PENCATATAN RIWAYAT KESEHATAN
Authors: Prihatiningsih Diah , Bintari Ni Wayan Desi , Oka Widana Anak Agung Gde , Purwanti Ika Setya , Putu Devhy Ni Luh
Published: January 2023

Pelaksanaan kegiatan pengabdian masyarakat STIKes Wira Medika Bali di STT Taman Sri Wedari Badung, ini bertujuan untuk meningkatkan peran petugas kesehatan untuk peningkatan mutu pelayanan dalam pencegahan narkoba serta pencatatan Riwayat kesehatan. Peserta pengabdian masyarakat adalah remaja yang berasal dari berbagai sekolah menengah maupun sekolah tinggi yang tergabung di STT Taman Sari Wedari. Kegiatan diawali dengan pengisian kuisioner pre-test pengetahuan baya penyalahgunaan narkoba serta pencatatan Riwayat kesehatan, kemudian dilanjutkan dengan penyuluhan oleh narasumber dan dilakukan Kembali pengisian kuisioner post-test.  Hasil dari pengisian kuisioner setelah dilakukan penyuluhan mengalami peningkatan yaitu sebesar 97,32% siswa memahami tentang bahaya akibat penyalahgunaan dan pemeriksaan narkoba serta mengalami peningkatan sebesar 7,8 mengenai pencatatn Riwayat kesehatan. Selama melakukan penyuluhan siswa sangat antusias dalam mendengarkan pemateri, untuk itu diharapkan kegiatan ini digalakkan khususnya di dunia Pendidikan.
A Study on the Audience Perception of Liveness and Viewing Immersion in the performing arts video
Authors:   Global Knowledge and Convergence Association, Yu Eun Hye , Park Jeongbae
Published: January 2023

This study examined the liveness of the digital theatre in the academic world by applying qualitative analysis techniques, focusing on the effect on the audience's viewing immersion based on previous studies. The conclusions are following: First, viewing immersion was analyzed from the general characteristics of the respondents. In addition, the research questions were derived by analyzing the qualitative contents of the relationship between the digital theatre and the liveness variable. It was confirmed that there is a certain relationship between liveness of the digital theatre and viewing immersion by analyzing watching experiences of the digital theatre in research question 1.2.3, the influencing relationship between liveness and audience's perception in research question 4.5, and the future assignments associated with viewing immersion in research question 6.7.8.9.10. For the future development of the performing arts industry, the following is suggested from the implications of the study. First, the paradigm of the performing arts industry is changing under the technological progress and the digital revolution made up of the development of technology. Audiences are no longer watching at the theater or concert hall only, but they are using various media such as smartphones, computers, TVs, movie theaters, and VR devices everywhere. Therefore, the communication method and interaction with the audiences in the digital era should be different from the previous performing arts. Next, the digital theatre that occurred in a pandemic situation is not a complete substitute for the existing on-site theatre, but a diversified into a new type of performing arts industry, which suggests setting up countermeasures. There are several limitations indicated in this study, therefore follow-up studies are needed. The reasons are not only that it has a limitation of generalization by setting respondents’ pool for in-depth interviewing in order to make a qualitative analysis but also that it was not able to be more intensive discussion due to the lack of previous studies directly related to the digital theatre·liveness·viewing immersion. In particular, there are limitations that there was not specific statistics or data set suggested which is able to indicate the difference between the audiences of a face-to-face performance (i.e., offline theatre) and the audiences of a non-face-to-faceperformance (i.e., online theatre).
Drainage Followed by Primary Closure with Suction Drain Versus Drainage Only in the Treatment of Breast Abscess
Authors: Podder S  , Chowdhury DAH  , Azad MAS
Published: January 2023

Background: Breast abscess is a common inflammatory condition among young lactating women. Although initial stages of breast abscess can be managed with antibiotics, surgery may be required in advanced stages in the form of incision and drainage with or without placement of a surgical drain. There are various methods for the treatment of breast abscesses.

Objectives: To compare the outcome of drainage followed by primary closure with suction drain and drainage only in the treatment of breast asbscess.

Methods: A total of 74 diagnosed cases of lactational breast abscess who underwent surgery were included in this prospective observational study. The patients were divided into two groups, 37 patients who underwent primary closure with suction drain were considered as group- A and the rest 37 patients who underwent drainage only were considered as group-B. Diagnosed cases of lactational breast abscess who underwent drainage of the abscess by either of the two above-mentioned methods were enrolled in this study. Statistical analyses of the results were obtained by using windows-based computer software Statistical Packages for Social Sciences (SPSS-22).

Results: The mean age was 24.16±4.02 years in group-A and 23.27±3.63 years in group-B. More than half (54.1%) patients were primipara in group-A and 24(64.9 %) in group-B. More than half (56.8%) patients had S. aureus in pus culture in group-A and 28(75.7%) in group-B. The differences were statistically not significant (p>0.05) between the twogroups. The mean healing time was 8.95±1.51days in group-A and 25.76±4.23 days in group-B. The mean duration of hospital stay was 5.14±1.03 days in group-A and 26.05±4.03 days in group-B. The mean time required to resume of breastfeeding was 4.57±1.04 days in group-A and 25.73±4.2 days in group-B. The mean score of postoperative pain (visual analog scale) was 1.35±0.48 in group-A and 3.76±0.6 in group-B. The mean requirement of analgesia was 5.24±1.28 days in group-A and 13.95±2.75 days in group-B. More than half (51.4%) patients had better scar quality in group-A and 26(70.3%) had good scar quality in group-B. The differences were statistically significant (p<0.05) between the two groups.

Conclusion: Primary closure with suction drain results better outcome than conventional incision & drainage in the treatment of breast abscess.
Liver Function Following Carbon-Di-Oxide Pneumoperitoneum in Laparoscopic Cholecystectomy
Authors: Islam SI  , Chowdhury DAH  , Bahar MAA  , Zaki KMJ
Published: January 2023

Background: Laparoscopic surgery is performed by the insufflation of gas like carbon di oxide (CO2) into the peritoneal cavity by artificial port which is called creating pneumoperitoneum. The CO2 pneumoperitoneum causes changes in the splanchnic microcirculation and can affect liver physiology. Although laparoscopic cholecystectomy offered many advantages over laparotomy, new concerns arose regarding the effects of CO2 pneumoperitoneum on liver function. Knowledge of the effects of CO2 pneumoperitoneum on liver function can help minimize complications while profiting from the benefits of LC without concerns about its safety. It was noticed in many studies that following laparoscopic cholecystectomy (LC), liver function parameters were disturbed.

Aims: To observe any alteration in liver function by carbon dioxide pneumoperitoneum in laparoscopic cholecystectomy.

Methods: Ninety-four patients with cholelithiasis having normal liver function enrolled in this study. Test obtained preoperatively including serum bilirubin, alanine aminotransferase (ALT), aspartate aminotransferase (AST), alkaline phosphatase (ALP) then 24 &72 hour post operatively to compare and proceed. Statistical analyses of the results were obtained by using window-based computer software devised with Statistical Packages for Social Sciences (SPSS22).

Results: The findings showed that mean duration of pneumoperitoneum was 43.8±9.1minutes. The mean serum bilirubin pre-operatively was 0.75±0.21 (mg/dL), post-operative 24 hours value was 0.77±0.23 (mg/dL) and post-operative 72 hours value was 0.73±0.18 (mg/dL). No significant difference was observed in pre-operative and postoperative values. The mean serum ALT preoperatively was 33.81±7.83 (IU/L), post-operative 24 hours value was 52.51±25.9 (IU/L) and postoperative 72 hours value was 46.3±21.33 (IU/L). The mean serum AST pre-operatively was 33.84±6.83 (IU/L), post-operative 24 hours value was 48.94±19.23 (IU/L) and post-operative 72 hours value was 44.36±15.7 (IU/L). The mean serum alkaline phosphatase pre-operatively was 72.57±25.95 (IU/L), post-operative 24 hours value was 88.26±41.69 (IU/L) and post-operative 72 hours value was 85.32±38.85 (IU/L). There were significant increase of post-operative 24 hours and 72 hours value of liver enzymes when compared to preoperatively.

Conclusion: There was significant increase in, AST, ALT, ALP post-operative 24 hours and 72 hours after doing laparoscopic cholecystectomy when compared to preoperatively. There may be a transient elevation of hepatic enzymes after LC and the major causative factor seemed to be CO2 pneumoperitoneum.
Implementasi Moderasi Beragama pada Program kerukunan Umat Beragama dan Layanan Kehidupan Umat Beragama
Authors: Tanjung Sri Rayani
Published: January 2023

Abstrak
Kementerian Agama hadir dengan perannya melalui Tugas dan Fungsi terkait Penguatan Moderasi Beragama telah diimplementasikan sebagai pelembagaan yang diregulasikan pada PMA RI Nomor 18 Tahun 2020 tentang Rencana Strategis Kementerian Agama Tahun 2020-2024. Penguatan Moderasi Beragama ini akan berhasil dengan kolaborasi dan sinergitas semua pihak diawali dengan peran dan tanggung jawab individu, keluarga, masyarakat, bangsa dan Negara. Untuk mengimplementasikan Penguatan Moderasi Beragama inipada Aparatur Sipil Negara dapat dilaksanakan dengan menginternalisasikan 9 Nilai-Nilai Moderasi Beragama yaitu Pertengahan (Tawassuth), Tegak Lurus (I’tidal), Toleransi (Tasamuh), Musyawarah (Syura), Reformasi (Ishlah), Kepeloporan (Qudwah), Cinta Tanah Air (Muwathanah), Anti Kekerasan (Al-La’unf) dan Ramah Budaya (I’tiraf Al ‘Urf) serta 5 Budaya Kerja Kementerian Agama yaitu Integritas, Profesionalitas, Inovasi, Tanggung jawab dan Keteladanan.
Abstract
The Ministry of Religious Affairs comes with its role through Tasks and Functions related to Strengthening Religious Moderation has been implemented as a institutionalization that is rolled out in PMA RI Number 18 of 2020 on the Strategic Plan of the Ministry of Religious Affairs 2020-2024. Strengthening Religious Moderation will be successful with the collaboration and synergy of all parties starting with the roles and responsibilities of individuals, families, communities, nations and states. To implement the Strengthening of Religious Moderation in the Civil Servants can be implemented by internalizing 9 Values of Religious Moderation namely Middle, Perpendicular, Tolerance, Deliberation, Reform, Pioneering, Love of the Fatherland, Non-Violence and Culture Friendly and 5 Work Cultures of the Ministry of Religion namely Integrity, Professionalism, Innovation, Responsibility and Transparency.
Milli Mücadele Döneminde Müslüman Eğitim Sistemi Bağlamında İzmir’de Cemaat-i İslamiye Teşkilatının Kuruluş Girişimleri
Authors: SEZGİN Ahmet
Published: January 2023

Cemaat-i İslamiye sistemi, Müslüman ahalinin bir araya gelerek oluşturduğu ve yönetime dahil olduğu kurumsal bir yapı olarak tanımlanabilir. Bu sistem Osmanlı yönetimi altında yaşayan Müslümanların, 19. yüzyılın sonlarına kadar ihtiyacını hissetmediği bir yapı idi. Osmanlı’nın toprak kayıplarının artması ve savaşlar neticesinde alınan yenilgiler mevcut bürokratik yapıda sorunların çıkmasına neden olduğu gibi kaybedilen topraklarda kalan Müslümanların haklarının korunması hususu da Osmanlı Hükümetinin gündemini meşgul eder hale geldi. Kaybedilen topraklarda kalan Müslümanların haklarının güvence altına alınması adına Müslümanların, Cemaat-i İslamiye sistemi kurması teşvik edildi ve bu yönde ilgili devletlerle anlaşmalar da yapıldı. Ancak mevcut topraklarda da evkaf sisteminin iyi işleyememesi camilerin, mescitlerin, hayır kurumlarının, okulların ve medreselerin iş ve işlemlerindeki sorunları çoğalttı. Bu durum Müslümanların, Cemaat-i İslamiye teşkilatı kurarak yerelden idareyi istemelerine neden oldu. İlgili teşkilatların kurulmasına dair resmî ve gayri resmî çeşitli girişimler yapıldı ancak Milli Mücadele döneminin sona ermesi ve Osmanlı Hükümeti’nin resmen ortadan kalkmasına kadar olumlu bir netice elde edilemedi. Milli Mücadele döneminde Batı Anadolu’da da Yunan egemenliği altındaki Müslümanlar, Cemaat-i İslamiye teşkilatı kurarak eğitim sistemi başta olmak üzere Müslümanların ihtiyaç duyduğu kurum ve kuruluşların sağlıklı bir biçimde kendini idame ettirmesine çaba harcadı. Ancak işgal şartları ve işgalci gücün Müslüman kurumlarını ve özellikle eğitim sistemini ortadan kaldırmaya yönelik politikaları nedeniyle Müslümanlar açısından oldukça zorlu bir süreç ortaya çıktı. Neticede Cemaat-i İslamiye teşkilatı kurulmasına rağmen eğitim sisteminin, istenilen dönüşümü hızlı bir şekilde gerçekleştirmesi mümkün olmadı.
Proses Supervisi Direktif, Non-Direktif dan Kolaboratif dalam Meningkatkan Kinerja Guru Madrasah Tsanawiyah
Authors: Abdul Jalil  , Deny Setiawan
Published: January 2023

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mendeskripsikan proses supervisi dan menjelaskan kendala direktif, non-direktif dan kolaboratif di MTs. At-Tahririyah Pangpajung Modung Bangkalan. Penelitian ini dilakukan di MTs. At-Tahririyah Pangpajung Modung Bangkalan, informan penelitian ini adalah kepala Madrasah, staf guru sekolah dan beberapa informan lain yang dianggap berkompeten dan relevan untuk memberikan informasi tentang pelaksanaan supervisi direktif dan non-direktif di madrasah. Teknik pengumpulan data menggunakan observasi, dokumentasi, dan wawancara terstruktur. Teknik analisis data menggunakan tahapan 1) pengumpulan data, (2) kondensasi data, (3) penyajian data, dan (4) penarikan kesimpulan/verifikasi. Berdasarkan penelitian yang dilakukan di MTs. At-Tahririyah, supervisi direktif, non-direktif dan kolaboratif telah dilakukan dengan baik berdasarkan prototipe guru yang telah diklasifikasikan. Sedangkan secara umum kendala yang dialami selama supervisi masih kurangnya pemahaman guru tentang pentingnya supervisi dalam meningkatkan kualitas pembelajaran. Kedua, kurangnya ruang dan waktu khusus dalam pelaksanaan pengawasan sehingga pelaksanaannya tidak begitu optimal.
Peningkatan Kualiti Modal Insan Untuk Keusahawanan Sosial Islam di Malaysia
Authors: Mohd Zaid Siti Hajar , Hashim Siti Nur Aafifah
Published: January 2023

Pelbagai usaha telah dilaksanakan oleh pelbagai pihak bagi meningkatkan lagi kualiti hidup rakyat di Malaysia. Aspirasi ini di dokong oleh strategi dalam Rangka Tindakan Keusahawanan Sosial 2030 (SEMy2030). Walau bagaimanapun, setiap program pembangunan pasti berhadapan isu dan cabaran tersediri. Antara cabaran bagi kemapanan SEMy2030 ini adalah kekurangan tenaga mahir yang mengakibatkan strategi SEMy2030 tidak dapat dilaksanakan dengan sempurna. Mengambil kira isu tersebut, artikel ini akan mencadangkan usaha kearah peningkatan kualiti modal insan dari sudut perspektif Islam supaya dapat memberi impak yang holistik kepada komuniti secara lestari sejajar dengan matlamat SEMy2030. Pembangunan modal insan dari perspektif Islam memfokuskan manusia sebagai matlamat utama untuk dibangunkan berpandukan kepada sumber-sumber Islam dan elemen spiritual manusia bagi mencapai kesejahteraan dan kebaikan. Justeru, empat ciri dicadangkan dalam artikel ini bagi membantu meningkatkan kualiti modal insan iaitu beriman, berakhlak, berilmu, kreatif dan kritis. Analisis menggunakan ayat-ayat al-Quran yang bertepatan dengan ciri-ciri-tersebut mendapati ciri-ciri tersebut berpotensi mempertingkatkan lagi kualiti modal insan jika dilaksanakan secara berperingkat dan berterusan.
Gingival Manifestations in Childhood Scurvy: A Case Report
Authors: Jauhar Nurhani , Hairani Mohd Syafiq Nazmi , Mohd Razi Mohd Ridzuan , Harith Nabilah Sawani , Mohamed Noor Halimah , Vairavan Pappathy @ Sri Devi , Mohd Rashid Reyhanah
Published: January 2023

Background: In paediatric population of modern developed countries, vitamin C deficiency has become very rare, especially in individuals with no underlying medical conditions. Case Report: This paper aims to report a case of scurvy in a healthy 6-year-old girl who was referred to the Department of Paediatric Dentistry for managing her hypertrophic, spongy, and erythematous gingiva for one week duration. She initially presented with a complaint of pain in her lower limbs and inability to walk. A series of investigations and radiographic examinations were carried out. Malignancy was highly suspicious hence biopsy of the gingiva was performed to confirm the diagnosis. The histopathological examination (HPE), however, interpreted the lesion as gingivitis. The gingival hypertrophy became more progressively worsening clinically. A clinical diagnosis of scurvy was then made after a literature review of her clinical presentations and investigation findings. Empirical vitamin C supplementation was started, and the patient’s condition remarkably improved within 4 days.  Conclusion: The clinical manifestation of scurvy can be variable and non-specific. Early recognition is paramount to avoid unnecessary investigations and to initiate vitamin C supplementation.
Efektivitas Pelatihan Literasi Keuangan bagi Rumah Tangga Petani
Authors: Hariyani Nining
Published: January 2023

Literasi keuangan merupakan suatu kebutuhan yang sangat penting bagi setiap rumah tangga petani (RTP) agar mereka tidak mengalami masalah keuangan. Rumah tangga petani membutuhkan pengetahuan dan keterampilan tentang pengelolaan keuangan tumah tangga dan keuangan usaha pertanian untuk meningkatkan kesejahteraan hidupnya melalui pelatihan. Pengkajian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui efektifitas penyelenggaraan pelatihan literasi keuangan bagi perwakilan rumah tangga petani program READSI pada level 1 - reaksi dan level 2 - pembelajaran menggunakan metode Kirkpatrick. Metode pengumpulan data dilakukan dengan cara sensus terhadap seluruh peserta yang mengikuti pelatihan di 18 Desa, 11 Kecamatan, Kabupaten Kolaka Utara, Provinsi Sulawesi Tenggara. Analisis data menggunakan pendekatan deskriptif kuantitatif dengan uji kategorisasi dan uji t berpasangan terhadap hasil evaluasi penyelenggaraan pelatihan dan nilai pre-posttest. Hasil analisis data menunjukkan bahwa rata-rata nilai kepuasan peserta terhadap penyelenggaraan pelatihan (level-1 reaksi) sebesar 4,32 dengan kategori puas. Nilai evaluasi pada level 2 (pembelajaran) menunjukkan bahwa rata-rata nilai pre – posttest naik sebesar 19,39 atau 22,93% atau kategori baik. Nilai signifikansi menunjukkan α<0,05 yang artinya ada beda nyata antara nilai rata-rata pre-posttest peserta pelatihan, sehingga dapat disimpulkan bahwa pelatihan literasi keuangan bagi rumah tangga petani di Kabupaten Kolaka Utara, Provinsi Sulawesi Tenggara secara signifikan efektif untuk peningkatan kompetensi  peserta pelatihan.
Implications of Scouting Education on the Formation of Religious Character and Increasing Learning Outcomes of Religious Education
Authors: Rinaldi Putra  , Riki Saputra  , Ritonga Mahyudin
Published: January 2023

The problem with this study is that there has been no formulation of religious character in scouting.  Meanwhile, students' character at the Tsanawiyah Madrasah level is unstable, so many of their behaviors are difficult for teachers to direct.  However, such a reality should not be worried because much effort can be made to do coaching through intracurriculars or extracurriculars.  This study aims to reveal the implications of scouting on the religious character and learning outcomes of Islamic religious education students at Madrasah Tsanawiyah Negeri 5 Padang. Research is carried out with a qualitative approach of narrative type, this approach was chosen because of the desire of the researcher to express his own experiences related to the content of the study.  Therefore, data is collected through discussions, interviews, and documentation studies.  Data analysis is carried out by interpreting narratives whose validity is then determined by triangulation techniques.  Based on the results of the study, it is known that scouting education carried out in MTs Negeri 5 Padang City can shape the religious character of students, this is based on material connectivity in scouting education activities that are strongly available with the religious character that students are expected to have. Scouting education also has implications for the learning outcomes of the PAI field of students in MTs Negeri 5 Padang City, this can be traced from the learning outcomes of students who are members of scouting education
The Quality of the Hadith "The Sleep of the Fasting People Is Worship" in the Perspective of 'Ulum al-Hadis
Authors: Wijaya Dina Sakinah , Anfal Bahri
Published: January 2023

This study aims to explain the definition of hadith science, branches of hadith science, and methods of approaching hadith science in Islamic studies. Then the author will examine the hadith about "the sleep of the fasting people is worship" from the perspective of 'ulûm al-hadīṡ. The hadith about "the sleep of fasting people is worship" is interesting to study because this hadith is often used as an excuse to be unproductive when fasting, especially during Ramadan. The research method used in this study is a qualitative method through library research. The results of this study show that 'ulûm al-hadīṡ is the rule for knowing the condition of sanad and matan of a hadith. At the same time, the object of study is to know the validity and absence of a hadith. Hadith research activities have 4 (four) steps, namely takhrīj al-hadith, i'tibār, rāwi personal research (sanad research), and matan hadith research. The analysis of the hadith "the sleep of fasting people is worship" shows that this hadith is a dhaif hadith. Even some scholars mention that this hadith is false and cannot be used as a hujjah.
STRENGTHENING CITIZHENSHIP DIGITAL EDUCATION IN SOCIAL MEDIA TO GROW GOOD DIGITAL CITIZEN IN FKIP STUDENTS, SYIAH KUALA UNIVERSITY
Authors: Ruslan Ruslan , Haikal Muhammad
Published: January 2023

As for the Purpose   study   this   is   for describe Strengthening Citizhenship's Digital Education in Media Social for Grow Good Digital Citizen for FKIP Students at Syiah Kuala University, one of them for increase contribution results research for researchers and students for develop its potential Becomes media citizen _ social for grow good digital citizen for students of FKIP Syiah Kuala University (USK). Study qualitative is research used _ for research on conditions object natural with researcher as a key instrument. Analysis techniques in research this use method analysis information Miles as well as Huberman when information related strengthening Learning Digital Citizenship already collected, technique the validity of the data used in determine accuracy and credibility findings use triangulation source as well as member checking. Research results this is the first that is reinforcement education digital citizhensip in media social perception media safe social _ with indicators (Resiliense), Responsibility, (Reasoning), (Rights), both importance equip self with Skills think critical moment active in cyberspace with method that is argumentation, logic thinking, Values and rights. Third, Good Digital Citizen and Ethics for FKIP students at Syiah Kuala University (USK) through Ethics, Limit time, wise. With thereby could concluded study this have and know as well as understand information diera current digital citizenship this.
Pengembangan Chatbot “Ciovita” Virtual Assistant Cioccolato Brownie Semarang Dengan Metode Waterfall
Authors: Elita Natalia Sugianto  , Jessica Aurelia Sujangga  , Delvia Novita , Verdiana Ayustika  , Agus Cahyo Nugroho
Published: January 2023

Cioccolato brownie is a business engaged in the food business, namely brownies. In doing business, Cioccolato brownie performs the traditional process of presenting information to consumers to obtain product and development information. Where by contacting and communicating through the admin or business owner via short messages. Therefore, consumers will take a long time to get the desired business or product information. Meanwhile, business owners or admins also become inefficient and inefficient in running a business, because they must be effective in sending messages that may be carried out between one consumer and another. Therefore, to overcome the problems faced by Cioccolato brownie, a virtual assistant chatbot based on website, line and telegram was created. A virtual assistant chatbot named Ciovita. The method used in the development of a virtual assistant with the Waterfall Model is modeled with Usecase, activity diagram and sequence. The final result of the development of this virtual assistant chatbot is a website, line and telegram that can facilitate the provision of product information on Cioccolato brownie, so that it will help Cioccolato brownie in carrying out its business activities more effectively and efficiently.
In suo patrocinio – właściciele majątku ziemskiego w Dąbrówce i Ostałówce w XVII wieku
Authors: Płonka Mirosław
Published: January 2023

Lokowane w XIV wieku Dąbrówka i Ostałówka były niegdyś dwiema wsiami prywatnymi, podczas gdy obecnie ta druga stanowi dąbrowski przysiółek. Obie do chwili obecnej nie doczekały się naukowego opracowania swojej przeszłości, podczas gdy jej właścicielami byli m. in. sędzia ziemski zatorski i podwojewodzi krakowski Piotr Strzała, pokojowiec Mikołaja Zebrzydowskiego – Hieronim Strzała, podstarości żywiecki Stanisław Biegański, rajca krakowski Jakub Reynekier czy stolnik podolski Michał Wilkoński. Autor poza krótkim omówieniem wsi i ich mieszkańców w XVII wieku, przedstawił rodziny szlacheckie, które były właścicielami ziemskimi lokalnych majątków. Uzupełnieniem tekstu jest edycja źródłowa fundacji krów żelaznych przez Jana i Barbarę ze Strzałów Paszkowskich. Dokument jest świadectwem dotkliwej zarazy z 1663 roku oraz związku dąbrowskich i ostałowskich właścicieli z lokalną gromadą wiejską oraz parafią w Stryszowie.
Studying Political Theory Subjects Using Flipped Classroom Model - Assessment from Gen-Z Students
Authors: Tieu Hong My Thi
Published: January 2023

Political Theory subjects play critical roles in Vietnam’s society in the current context of the 4th Industrial Revolution, globalization and information explosion. Particularly, the recent decade has welcomed the emergence of a new generation of university students - generation Z, with distinctive characteristics compared to previous generations, that is: activeness, creativity, adaptability, and familiarity with technology. Therefore, it is inevitable to innovate the methods of teaching with Political Theory subjects to keep pace with these developments in education. The flipped classroom model has so far been implemented in teaching the Political Theory Subjects in several universities. This study is designed based on the flipped classroom model, employing questionnaires with a 5-point Likert scale for 648 students at Hanoi National University of Education. The data collected was analyzed with SPSS 20.0 software. Open-ended questions are also included in the questionnaire to gather a variety of personal viewpoints. Besides, the research method of interview was applied with 30 students. The study aims to clarify gen-Z students’ judgment of using the flipped classroom model in teaching Political Theory subjects. Furthermore, the author sheds light on the suitability and effectiveness of the very teaching model as a basis for its future application.
Quality Assurance of Higher Education in Vietnam: The Impact of Autonomy Policy
Authors: Pham Nhung Tuyet Thi , Nguyen Quang Ngoc , Nguyen Nam Thanh , Chu Hoa Minh , Ngo Thuyen Van , Le Phuoc-Son , Chau Thong Trung Vo
Published: January 2023

The autonomous university model is recognized as a method of advanced university governance to improve training quality . In Vietnam, university autonomy has made many positive changes in training quality in recent years. This study examines if there is a difference in the QA activities of academic programs between two types of higher education institutions: the public universities with financial autonomy and the public universities without financial autonomy. A quantitative method was used to analyze the survey data from 593 participants. An independent T-test was used to analyze the differences between the two types of institutions. The results indicated statistical differences in most activities in seven research areas. The quantitative result provided strong evidence of the impact of autonomy policy on two types of higher education institutions, which was not addressed in the national report on autonomy policy in 2022. Some recommendations were made to improve the QA activities toward continuous quality improvement.
In vitro phytochemical analysis, antimicrobial and antioxidant activity of Mallotus Philippinensis
Authors:   The University of Lahore, Lahore Pakistan, Bilal Muhammad , Parveen Asia , Fiaz Amal , Mazhar Modasrah
Published: January 2023

Background: Mallotus Philippinensis belongs to the family Euphorbiaceae was broadly utilized in traditional medicines especially in the tropical areas. Mostly distributed in the Himalaya from Kashmir East wards besides tropical India. The plant contains high content of steroids, diterpenoids, triterpenoids, flavonoids, phenols, proteins, saponins, alkaloids and carbohydrates. The previous studies demonstrated that plant exerted significant pharmacological effects like anti-helminthics, antifilarial, antiparasitic, antiulcer, antifungal, antibacterial and immuno-regulatory properties, and as an aphrodisiac. Still antimicrobial activities from different solvent extracts of this plant needed to explore.Objective: The goal of the present investigation was to evaluate the phytochemical constituents, antibacterial, antifungal and antioxidant activity from the extract of plant Mallotus Philippinensis. Method: The ethanolic crude extract of plant was extracted by using maceration method. The resulting extracts were used to examined the antibacterial activity by disc diffusion method against some clinical strains (Bacillus, E. coli, S. aureus, Salmonella, Epidermites, E. facillus, Pseudomonas) and some ATCC strains (Bacillus, E. coli, S. aureus, K. pneumonia, Pseudomonas) and Phytoconstituents was also investigated for the presence or absence of various metabolites like proteins, carbohydrates, alkaloids , steroids flavonoids and saponin test. The DPPH method was used to determine the antioxidant activity. Results: The ethanol extract exhibit positive results for the inhibition of Bacillus, E. coli, S.aureus, Salmonella , Epidermites, E. facillus , Pseudomonas and also exhibit positive results for ATCC strains Bacillus , E.coli , S. aureus , K.pneumonia , Pseudomonas. The extract showed the presence of proteins, steroids, carbohydrates, alkaloids, flavonoids and saponin in the phytochemical screening. DPPH free radical scavenging activity assay disclosed the remarkable antioxidant activity of different parts of Mallotus Philippinensis ethanolic crude extracts. Conclusion: The findings of present project indicated that ethanolic extracts of Mallotus Philippinensis are sensitive against test bacteria. They also show antioxidant activity, and they contain rich number of phyto-constituents. In current study only crude extract was investigated for different curative effects against certain standard microbial strain. In future these extracts were considered after purification for development of various therapeutic agents.