bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Early results of the combined grafting–cementation technique for the treatment of giant cell tumors with a large subchondral bone defect: a case series
Authors: Abdelaal Ahmed H.K. , Sleem Ahmed S.S. , Liodakis Emmanouil
Published: July 2024

Background

Giant cell tumor (GCT) is a rare, locally aggressive bone tumor. It typically affects young adults close to the joints, mainly the knee joint. The high recurrence rate, along with erosion of the subchondral bone complicates the surgical plan. Current treatment standards involve extended curettage followed by space-filling by cement or graft. We present a detailed technique using a combined technique using both bone graft and cement for reconstructing GCT-related subchondral damage.

Patients and methods

Eighteen patients underwent surgery from January 2018 to December 2021. The surgery involved extended curettage using a high-speed burr, and lavage using hydrogen peroxide. Placement of the graft as a subchondral shelf helps to support the articular cartilage. Bone cement was applied to fill the cavity and support the graft; internal fixation was used in large-sized lesions.

Results

The mean follow-up is 34.5 months. Oncologically, local recurrence was reported in one case, with a distal radius location, and no distant metastasis was reported. Functionally, 86.6% had excellent/good Musculoskeletal Tumor Society score scores. Graft union had occurred in all cases; mean union time was 12 weeks. Rehabilitation included immediate passive range of motion exercises and partial weight bearing. The pain had improved significantly in all cases. Muscle power had been temporarily affected in five cases. One patient had a wound infection, managed with antibiotics.

Conclusion

Treatment of GCTs is challenging. The standard treatment involves curettage and gap filling. The presence of the cement close to the articular cartilage can lead to osteoarthritis due to different modulus of elasticity. We describe this combined technique to provide support, insulation, and stability, and minimize the stresses on the articular cartilage. The results of this technique are promising and yield good functional and oncological outcomes. Further research is needed to evaluate its long-term efficacy in preventing progressive osteoarthritis.
Closed-loop obstruction due to internal hernia: An atypical clinical presentation of acute abdomen — A case report
Authors: Chinta Varsha , Krishna Sunil M , Udupi Vivek Ramesh
Published: July 2024

Internal hernia is the protrusion of a viscus through a normal or abnormal peritoneal or mesenteric aperture within the confines of the peritoneal cavity. They can be congenital or acquired after abdominal surgery. We report a case of a 58-year-old woman who presented with complaints of abdominal pain and nonbilious vomiting for 2 days. She underwent an abdominal hysterectomy 15 years ago. After baseline blood investigations and imaging, a diagnosis of subacute intestinal obstruction was made. As she clinically worsened over 24 h, CT imaging was done, which suggested acute small bowel obstruction secondary to adhesions. Surgery revealed herniation with incarceration of distal ileal loops through a defect in the sigmoid mesocolon. Bowel resection was done, and the defect was closed. The clinical presentation of internal hernias, especially transmesosigmoid hernia, is nonspecific, and they rapidly progress to bowel ischemia. Early intervention and surgical correction are prudent for good clinical outcomes.
The Effect of Magnetic Therapy on Postoperative Urinary Retention in Patients Undergoing Surgery: A Randomized Clinical Trial
Authors: Zarei Ghasem , Mosleh Sorour , Zare Soraya , Abotalebi Mohammad Sadegh
Published: July 2024

Background:

Urinary retention is a postoperative problem that causes pain and discomfort for patients, even when catheters are used. The potential role of magnetic therapy in treating postoperative urinary retention through acupuncture points remains uncertain. This research aims to assess the impact of magnetic therapy on urinary retention in patients undergoing surgery.

Materials and Methods:

This single-blind clinical trial study was conducted in a recovery department within an operating room and subsequently in the Surgery Department of Amin Hospital. The study took place in Isfahan in 2022, with a sample of 64 patients selected using a simple random sampling method and divided equally into two groups. In the intervention group, magnet plates were applied, while the control group received iron plates at seven specific points for duration of 35 ± 5 minutes. Demographic information, the type of urinary excretion, the duration of urinary retention, and the volume of excreted urine were recorded using a researcher-made checklist for both intervention and control groups. These data were compared and subjected to descriptive and analytical statistical analysis.

Results:

Among the participants (N = 64), the majority were male (N = 37, 57.80%), and the mean age was 40.17 years. The Chi-square analysis revealed no significant difference between the intervention and control groups in terms of the type of urinary excretion (p = 0.106). However, the Mann–Whitney U-test demonstrated significant difference between the two groups regarding the duration required to eliminate urinary retention and the volume of excreted urine (F2,41 = 62 and F1,76 = 62; p < 0.001).

Conclusions:

The use of a novel approach involving magnetic therapy applied to acupuncture and reflexology points has been shown to reduce the time required for the first urination and increase the volume of urine in post-surgery patients.
Comparison of Mannequin-Based Simulation Training Method with Virtual Training Method on Nursing Students’ Learning Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation: A Controlled Randomized Parallel Trial
Authors: Abbasi Mohammad , Asadoola Yousef , Ebrahimi Hossein , Bahonar Elahe , Dabirian Zinab , Esmaeili Seyed-Mahdi , Mahdizadeh Ahmad , Sadeghi Mahdi
Published: July 2024

Background:

The use of different educational methods and programs, such as simulation and virtual training, plays an important role in effective Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation (CPR) learning for nursing students. This study was conducted with the aim of comparing mannequin-based simulation training with virtual training on CPR learning among nursing students.

Materials and Methods:

This parallel randomized controlled trial was conducted in 2022. We selected 73 nursing undergraduate students and randomly assigned them to two groups: mannequin-based simulation and virtual training groups. The knowledge, attitude, and performance of CPR in both groups were evaluated and compared before, immediately after, and 1 month after the intervention. Data analysis was performed using independent t-test and the repeated-measure analysis of variance (ANOVA) using the Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS) software.

Results:

Within-group differences were significant in both mannequin-based simulation and virtual training groups in terms of knowledge, attitude, and CPR performance before and after training, as well as between before and 1 month after training (p < 0.001). In addition, the mean performance of simulation group students was significantly higher than the virtual group (p < 0.001), but no significant difference was observed between the two groups in terms of knowledge and attitude dimensions before training, after training, and 1 month after training.

Conclusions:

Both mannequin-based simulation and virtual training methods increase CPR learning. Considering that students’ knowledge and attitude increase significantly using both training methods and the performance of students in the simulation group is better than in the virtual group, the use of a multimodal approach is recommended for CPR training of nursing students.
Nurse Strategies to Improve the Quality of Psychosocial Care During the COVID-19 Pandemic
Authors: Pasaribu Jesika , Keliat Budi A. , Daulima Novy H. C. , Lisum Kristina , Widodo Gipta G.
Published: July 2024

Background:

Nurses play a critical role in combating the COVID-19 pandemic, facing numerous challenges in providing care to COVID-19 patients, particularly addressing their psychological issues. This study aims to explore nurses’ experiences in overcoming care challenges and enhancing nursing strategies. The study was held in Indonesia.

Materials and Methods:

Primary nurses and nurse managers responsible for COVID-19 patient care were interviewed extensively for data collection. The Collaizi method was used for data processing.

Results:

The study identified three key themes: psychosocial nursing interventions, addressing obstacles in psychosocial care, and enhancing the quality of psychosocial nursing care.

Conclusions:

Comprehensive nursing care proves effective in addressing the psychosocial challenges faced by COVID-19 patients.
Translation and Psychometric Properties of the Persian Version of Neonatal Intensive Care Unit Parental Belief Scale in Iranian Parents
Authors: Reisi Sajjad , Alipour Zahra , Foroughi Aliakbar , Sadeghi Kheirollah , Bahrami Reza , Parvizifard Aliakbar
Published: July 2024

Background:

This study is done to determine the translation and psychometric properties of the Persian version of Neonatal Intensive Care Unit Parental Belief Scale (NICU-PBS) in Iranian parents.

Materials and Methods:

The present study was conducted by the descriptive cross-sectional method. This research was conducted from January to August 2021. The population included all parents whose infants were hospitalized in NICUs of two university-affiliated hospitals (Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences and Shiraz University of Medical Sciences). Out of them, 291 subjects were selected by the purposeful sampling method. The utilized questionnaires included a demographic information form, NICU-PBS, Beck Depression Inventory, and Maternal role adaptation scale. The descriptive statistical indexes, Cronbach’s alpha, intra-class correlation coefficient, and Pearson’s correlation coefficient were used for data analysis. Also, to evaluate the construct validity of the NICU-PBS, we used Confirmatory Factor Analysis (CFA).

Results:

The participants included 97 fathers (33.33%) and 194 mothers (66.67%). According to the CFA results, the three-factor model NICU-PBS (confidence in the parental role, parent–child interaction, parental knowledge of the NICU) was approved in Iranian parents (χ2/df = 1.79; p < 0.001; GFI = 0.91; AGFI = 0.89; CFI = 0.91; RMSEA = 0.05). NICU-PBS with BDI-II (r = -0.42) has divergent validity, and material role adaptation (r = 0.46) has moderate and acceptable convergence validity (p < 0.01). The results of Cronbach’s alpha for the total NICU-PBS were 0.85.

Conclusions:

The results demonstrated the proper and acceptable validity and reliability of NICU-PBS among Iranian parents.
Laparoscopic versus open pancreaticoduodenectomy: Long-term outcome from a tertiary care centre
Authors: Kanchodu Sudheer , Rao H. T. Nagarjun , Mangyal Shivaraj S. , Ganesh M. K.
Published: July 2024

Introduction:

Laparoscopic Whipple’s pancreaticoduodenectomy (WPD) is one of the most advanced minimally invasive procedures. In recent years, with advancements in minimally invasive surgery, laparoscopic WPD has been increasingly adopted as a safe and feasible technique. This study aims to compare the short-term and long-term outcomes of laparoscopic WPD to open WPD in resectable ampullary, periampullary and head of pancreas malignancies.

Patients and Methods:

A retrospective analysis of a prospectively maintained database of patients who underwent WPD from January 2015 to January 2021 at the department of surgical gastroenterology in a tertiary care medical college hospital was conducted. Patient demographics and pre-operative details, intraoperative parameters (operating time and blood loss), post-operative length of hospital stay, median intensive care unit (ICU) stay, time to resume oral diet, post-operative complications, interventional procedures, mortality, 3-year survival, 3 year recurrence-free survival and overall survival were analysed.

Results:

Forty-two patients underwent WPD during our study period; 14 patients underwent laparoscopic WPD and 28 patients underwent open WPD. None required conversion. The majority of the patients had periampullary carcinoma in both the groups. Laparoscopic WPD showed a trend towards shorter ICU stays, hospital stays and surgical site infections (SSIs) compared to open WPD. The median operating time was significantly longer in the laparoscopic WPD group (380 min) compared to the open group (285 min). However, median blood loss was significantly lower in the laparoscopic group (250 mL vs. 300 mL). The pancreas-specific post-operative complications like delayed gastric emptying, post-operative pancreatic fistula or post-operative pancreatic haemorrhage did not differ significantly between the groups. All patients had R0 resection and the mean lymph node yield was comparable between the two groups (14.92 vs. 13.42). The reoperation rate or mortality rate did not show any statistical significance between the two groups. The overall survival was 46 months in the open group and 48 months in the laparoscopic group. Three-year survival was 74.1% in the open WPD group and 69.2% in the laparoscopic group. Three-year recurrence-free survival was 55.5% in the open group and 69.23% in the laparoscopic group.

Conclusion:

Laparoscopic WPD appears to be safe and feasible, with similar short-term and long-term survival outcomes. With a trend favouring laparoscopic WPD in terms of blood loss, hospital and ICU stay and post-operative SSIs, it should be offered to selected patients when the expertise is available.
An alternative combined revision of Roux-en-Y gastric bypass: Cover all aspects (of failure)!
Authors: Dalkılıç Muhammed Said , Yılmaz Merih , Gençtürk Mehmet , Erdem Hasan , Şişik Abdullah
Published: July 2024

The revisional surgical techniques for managing weight regain after laparoscopic Roux-en-Y gastric bypass have lacked a clear gold standard. Various methods such as pouch minimising, gastroenterostomy narrowing and distalization have been described, but none have consistently achieved optimal success. This study introduces a combined revision technique that enables the reassessment of both alimentary limb and biliopancreatic limb lengths based on the individual patient’s total bowel length. This approach aims to promote effective weight loss while minimising the pouch and gastroenterostomy.
Laparoscopic transection and partial resection of hernia sac in the treatment of indirect inguinal hernia: A preliminary observation
Authors: Dai Jinyu , Li Jian , Sun Xiaobing
Published: July 2024

Introduction:

This study aimed to investigate the feasibility of applying laparoscopic transection and partial resection of hernia sac in the treatment of indirect inguinal hernia in children.

Patients and Methods:

From December 2017 to November 2018, we recruited 20 children, who were aged 1–6 years old, with indirect inguinal hernia. At the time of admission, the participants had already developed an indirect inguinal hernia for 6 months to 1 year. A simple transection and partial resection of hernia sac was performed at the internal ring on each of the recruited children. The procedure was conducted under laparoscopy. Two 5-mm trocars were placed on either side of the umbilicus, one for the camera and the other for a surgical instrument. Another trocar was placed on the right abdomen. Laparoscopic camera curved forceps, and scissors were placed. Along the unclosed internal ring, the peritoneum was cut in a circular fashion to transect the hernia sac and dissociate it from the distal end. About 1–2 cm of the hernia sac was resected.

Results:

The operation was successfully completed in all 20 cases, who did not experience any complications, such as the absence of spermatic cord, vas deferens injury, scrotal swelling and incision infection. The children were discharged 1 day after the operation. In the post-operative follow-up for the first 3–4 years, recurrence and testicular atrophy did not occur in the study participants.

Conclusion:

The short-term results obtained from this study showed that the application of laparoscopic transection and partial resection of hernia sac in the treatment of indirect inguinal hernia is feasible. Long-term results and further observation are needed for validation.
Menstrual Cycle Changes after the COVID-19 Vaccine: A Cross-sectional Study in Saudi Arabia
Authors: Alshammari Hessah Fahan , Alrabiah Amal Humod , Shaheen Sameerah Yaseen , Mazi Sarah Ismail , Aljasser Rakia Suliman
Published: July 2024

Objective:

Various side effects of the COVID-19 vaccine, such as fatigue, have been reported. However, there has been a recent increase in reports of menstrual cycle changes among women. This study assessed the effect of the COVID-19 vaccine on the menstrual cycle of Saudi women.

Methods:

In this cross-sectional study, data were collected between November and December 2021 from 500 healthy Saudi females between 20 and 40 years. We included all women who reported having a normal menstrual cycle before being vaccinated against COVID-19.

Results:

A total of 65.6% of participants reported having significant changes in their cycle in terms of period timing, blood flow, and pain following the first and 65.6.% following the second COVID-19 vaccination doses. Both the mRNA and adenovirus vectored COVID-19 vaccines affected the cycle similarly. The induced COVID-19 vaccine menstrual cycle abnormality is a short-term effect lasting <3 months after the first and second doses.

Conclusion:

There are reported side effects of the COVID-19 vaccine; however, changes in the menstrual cycle have not been reported. Our study assumes that the menstrual cycle changes observed in the study’s participants were unlikely to be caused by reasons other than the COVID-19 vaccines, since we excluded all participants with medical interventions, medical conditions, and the age range that might affect the menstrual cycle. Although this effect is a short-term effect, the exact mechanism behind this phenomenon must be investigated.
Evaluating the Novel Use of Unmanned Video Objective Structured Clinical Examination Stations in Pediatric Resident Training: Results and Insights
Authors: Altamimi Ibraheem , Alqarni Baraah , Assiri Heba , Saeed Elshazaly , Alsubaihin Abdulmajeed , Alhasan Khalid , Temsah Mohamad-Hani
Published: July 2024

Background:

Objective structured clinical examination (OSCE) is vital in assessing medical trainees’ clinical competence. Unlike the traditional resource-intensive OSCE, video-based OSCE has advantages like asynchronous assessment and more immediate feedback. However, their applicability and effectiveness in pediatric residency training are less explored. This study aims to evaluate the feasibility and outcomes of using unmanned video OSCE stations in pediatric residency training.

Materials and Methods:

A cross-sectional study was conducted with 79 pediatric residents participating in OSCE mock stations. Video clips showing real-life clinical scenarios were played. Residents then responded electronically to scenario-related multiple-choice questions. Descriptive statistics were employed to analyze residents’ responses to multiple-choice questions.

Results:

In a study of 79 physicians, the majority were female (63.3%) and under 34 years old (62%), with most receiving their training outside Riyadh (79.7%). Their clinical understanding, assessed through a nonmanned OSCE video, varied: 16.5% accurately diagnosed spinal muscular atrophy in infants, while 48.1% correctly identified laryngomalacia in 2-month-olds. The average knowledge score was 2.89 out of 7, with a standard deviation of 1.19. Notably, 43% answered three scenarios correctly. Analysis showed no significant correlation between the physicians’ gender, age, or training location and their knowledge scores, indicating diverse expertise levels irrespective of these demographic factors.

Conclusion:

Unmanned video OSCE stations show promise in enhancing pediatric residency training assessments by providing instant feedback and streamlining the evaluation process. However, challenges and the need for targeted interventions should be considered. Future research should focus on refining technology integration and assessing long-term impacts on residents’ clinical skills and patient care outcomes. Ensuring the privacy and security of video recordings is essential in this technologically evolving landscape.
Green synthesis of iron nanoparticles (Fe(NPs)) using plant extract from Eucalyptus grandis: characterization and determination of the catalytic potential for reduction of 4-nitrophenol
Authors: Naves Filipe Kalil da Silva , Bueno Yasmin Milena Loth , Rocha Raquel Dalla Costa da , Brackmann Rodrigo , Rodrigues Marcio Barreto
Published: July 2024

This study assessed a green synthesis method for iron nanoparticles (Fe(NPs)), using Eucalyptus grandis leaf extract, to reduce waste generation and diminish the use of conventional chemical inputs, such as Sodium Borohydride (NaBH4), without significant losses in catalytic activity. Various volumetric ratios of plant extract and NaBH4 were tested to understand how this variation would affect the morphological, structural, and catalytic power of the material. In the conducted analyses, a reduction in the crystallinity of Fe(NPs) was observed for proportions above 25% of the extract. However, the particle size remained stable among different syntheses, with iron ions showing improved dispersion for proportions of 40% and 50% of the extract. Regarding stabilization, characteristic bands of aromatic compounds, alcohols, ethers and carboxylic acids were identified, indicating the extract's involvement in coating the metallic cores. To assess the catalytic performance, studies were conducted on the catalytic reduction of the contaminant 4-nitrophenol to 4-aminophenol, using Fe(NPs) as catalysts. The results revealed conversions above 80% for Fe(NPs) synthesized with volumetric proportions of up to 40% of the plant extract, suggesting that substituting the chemical agent did not significantly affect the catalytic activity of the biocatalyst. Finally, ecotoxicological tests performed with Lemna minor and artemia salina demonstrated a significant reduction in the toxicity of the contaminant 4-nitrophenol, as well as the biocompatibility of the obtained Fe(NPs).
Keywords: iron oxides, stabilization, vegetable coating.
Effect of Adding a Six-Week Course of Doxycycline to Intensive Hygiene-Based Care for Improving Lymphedema in a Rural Setting of Mali: A Double-Blind, Randomized Controlled 24-Month Trial
Authors: Coulibaly Yaya I. , Diabate Abdoul F. , Sangare Moussa , Thera Sekou O. , Dolo Housseini , Doumbia Salif S. , Coulibaly Siaka Y. , Diarra Ayouba , Diarra Lamine , Tanapo Diadje , Coulibaly Michel E. , Soumaoro Lamine , Diallo Abdallah A. , Zeguime Amatigue , Sanogo Yacouba , Berthe Adama , Konipo Fatoumata Dite Nene , Mackenzie Charles , Stephens Mariana , Shott Joseph P. , Norman Jayla , Klarmann-Schulz Ute , Hoerauf Achim , Majewski Andrew , Horton John , Sullivan Sarah , Ottesen Eric A. , Nutman Thomas B.
Published: July 2024

Lymphedema (LE) is one the most disfiguring chronic manifestations of lymphatic filariasis. Its management relies primarily on limb hygiene and local care. A previous study in Ghana demonstrating a beneficial effect of doxycycline on LE led to the current multicenter trial on the efficacy of doxycycline in filarial LE. A randomized placebo-controlled trial was initiated in two rural health districts in Mali. Patients with LE stages 1–3 were randomized to receive either doxycycline (200 mg/day) or placebo over a 6-week monitored treatment period and were then followed every 6 months for 2 years. Both groups received materials for limb hygiene that was carried out daily for the entire 2-year study. The primary endpoint was lack of progression in LE stage at 24 months. One hundred patients were enrolled in each study arm. The baseline sociodemographic characteristics of each group were largely similar. There was no significant difference at month 24 after treatment initiation in the number of subjects showing progression in LE stage between the two treatment arms (P = 0.5921). Importantly, however, the number of attacks of acute adenolymphangitis (ADLA) was reduced in both arms, but there was no significant difference between the two groups at any follow-up time point (all P >0.23). Doxycycline was well tolerated in those receiving the drug. When added to daily self-administered limb hygiene, a 6-week course of doxycycline (200 mg) was not superior to placebo in increasing the improvement associated with hygiene alone in LE volume, stage, or frequency of ADLA attacks over a 24-month period.
Large (≥3-Millimeter) Parenchymal Brain Calcified Cysticerci Are More Often Associated with Hippocampal Atrophy than Smaller Ones in Seizure-Free Individuals with a Single Lesion
Authors: Del Brutto Oscar H. , Rumbea Denisse A. , Arias Emilio E. , Mera Robertino M.
Published: July 2024

Calcified cysticerci are often associated with hippocampal atrophy (HA). While most studies suggest that repetitive seizures cause HA in these patients, others have demonstrated that HA may also occur in persons without epilepsy. Little is known about mechanisms triggering HA in seizure-free individuals with calcified cysticerci. Here, we aimed to assess whether the size of the calcification is associated with HA. Using a population-based design, we selected apparently seizure-free individuals with a single calcified cysticercus in whom interictal paroxysmal activity and other causes of HA have been discarded. A total of 55 individuals (mean age, 58.3 ± 13 years, 62% women) fulfilled inclusion criteria. Unadjusted and multivariate models were fitted to assess the association between the size of the calcification dichotomized into <3 mm and ≥3 mm (exposure) and the presence of HA (outcome). Sixteen participants (29%) had HA, which was asymmetric in eight (50%) cases. Hippocampal atrophy was noted in 11/20 (55%) participants with large calcifications and in 5/35 (14%) with small calcifications (P = 0.001). A multivariate logistic regression model showed a significant association between the presence of large calcifications and HA, after adjustment for relevant confounders (odds ratio: 7.78; 95% CI: 1.72–35.1). Participants with calcifications ≥3 mm in diameter were 7.8 times more likely to have HA than those with smaller ones. Study results open avenues of research for the use of agents to prevent HA progression.
Steel Bars, Forgings, Mechanical Tubing and Forging Stock, 1.5Si - 1.25Cr - 3.8Ni - 0.50Mo - 0.30V (0.40C), Vacuum Remelted, Annealed
Authors:   AMS E Carbon and Low Alloy Steels Committee
Published: July 2024

This specification covers a premium aircraft-quality, low-alloy steel in the form of bars, forgings, mechanical tubing, and forging stock.
An In-Service Teacher Training Model as a Basis for an Effective Integration of ICT in Education in Morocco
Authors: Lmortaji Hajar
Published: July 2024

This article presents a descriptive study of the in-service Teacher training program that aims at integrating ICT in the Moroccan education system, which is one of the missions of the GENIE program - Generalization of Information and Communication Technologies in Education, led by the Moroccan Ministry of National Education, Preschool and Sports. The main objective of this work is to assess the in-service teachers training and highlight its contribution in the process of integrating ICT in the Moroccan education system, as well as the limitations and challenges of its implementation in the absence of any reliable and outstanding benchmarks. The study is conducted within a mixed approach for the data collection based on a survey, a focus group and a documents analysis.
Prevalence and Associated Factors of Burnout syndrome among Nurses in Public Hospitals, Southwest Ethiopia
Authors: Alemayehu Sayih Belay  , Melak Menberu Guangul  , Wondwossen Niguse Asmare  , Sitotaw Kerie Bogale  , Gizachew Ayele Manaye
Published: July 2024

BACKGROUND: The Burnout syndrome has been defined as a response to the chronic work-related stress typically found in professionals working in care service organizations. Therefore, this study aimed at assessing the prevalence of burnout syndrome and factors associated with burnout syndrome among nurses in public hospitals, Southwest Ethiopia, 2018.METHOD: An institutional-based cross-sectional study was conducted from February 1st, 2018 to April 1st, 2018. Total number of nurses who fulfill the inclusion criterias were enrolled. Data was collected using the predesigned tool. Data were entered using EPI INFO version 7 and was exported to statistical packages for social science (SPSS) version 21.0 for analysis. Logistic regression was employed and odds ratio with a 95% confidence interval was used. Variables with a P value of less than 0.05 was considered statistically significant.RESULTS: A total of 282 eligible nurses were enrolled in the study with a mean age of 28.71 [SD ±7.047]. The prevalence of burnout syndrome among nurses was 96(34%). Predictor variables like; educational status, job title, work experience, fatigue, and social support were found to be strong predictor variables for burnout syndrome.CONCLUSION: This study revealed that a considerable proportion of nurses had burnout syndrome. Therefore, improved educational status and strong social support should be encouraged among nurses working in the health setting for the betterment of health care services, job satisfaction and quality of care in general.
Assessing the Practice of Birth Defect Registration at Addis Ababa Health Facilities
Authors: Mekonen Eshete  , Fikre Abate  , Berhane Abera  , Abiye Hailu  , Yohannes Demissie  , Peter Mossey  , Azeez Butali
Published: July 2024

BACKGROUND፡ Birth defects are conditions that exist at birth and cause structural changes in one or more parts of the body. In order to plan proper management and design preventive activities of these conditions, accurate tracking, registration and analyses of the registered data are important. We assessed the practice of birth defect registration at Addis Ababa health facilities.METHODS: We retrospectively checked the existence of a separate birth defect registry book and assessed the delivery room registration book for completeness in registering birth defects. We also assessed the total number of birth defects registered during 2010-2015.RESULTS: We assessed the practice of birth defect registration at 37 delivery service providing health facilities in Addis Ababa, 20 public and 17 private institutions. Of the 37 health institutions assessed, 23 registered birth defects (3 of them used a separate birth defect registry books, and 20 used a regular registration book to register birth defects). The remaining 14 did not register any congenital anomaly. Of the institutions that do not register congenital anomalies, 10 are private and four are public.CONCLUSION: Only three delivery providing health facilities had a dedicated birth defect registry book which is close to ideal for a birth defect registration. There is a need for others to do the same until an electronic birth defect registration is established. This registration will serve as a resource for clinical governance and studies into quality of life, quality of care, etiology and prevention.
A High Distribution of Resistant Pathogens among Critically Ill Neonates from Secondary Referral Hospital of Indonesia
Authors: Cucunawangsih Cucunawangsih  , Paulus Mario Christopher  , Nicolaski Lumbuun
Published: July 2024

BACKGROUND፡ The spread of resistant pathogens among critically ill neonates has increased in recent years. Therefore, information about the antimicrobial profile and its susceptibility over time helps to select the most appropriate therapy. The study assesses the distribution of resistant pathogens and itssusceptibility among neonates’ patients.METHODS: Eight hundred and eight suspected neonatal infected from January 2011 to December 2019 were recruited anonymously in our retrospective, observational analysis. The study was conducted in the secondary-care level NICU which located on the western border of Jakarta, Indonesia. The MDROsdefinition was define by Centre for Disease Prevention and Control (CDC) criteria and standardized international terminology. Microbial identification and susceptibility testing were carried out following standard protocols.RESULTS: Culture positivity was found in 132 (16.3%) with dominating MDR-Gram negative bacteria 47 (61.8%). The most common pathogens were extended-spectrum β-lactamase and multidrug-resistant Acinetobacter 18 (38.3%), respectively. There were coagulase negative staphylococci 29 (38.2%) amongMDROs. Most of the Gram negative bacteria were highly susceptible to the combination of cefoperazone/sulbactam (79.6%), amikacin (88.7%), and tigecycline (77.1%). Staphylococcus aureus had a good susceptibility to almost all classes’ antibiotics. Candida isolates showed 100.0% susceptibility to all antifungal classes.CONCLUSIONS: Our study highlighted the microbial profile along with its susceptibility among neonatal patients that able to provide necessary information for antimicrobial guidelines and policies for effective infectious case management.
Non-Motor Symptoms and Associated Factors in Parkinson’s Disease Patients in Addis Ababa, Ethiopia: A Multicenter Cross-Sectional Study
Authors: Biniyam A. Ayele  , Yared Zenebe Zewde  , Abenet Tafesse  , Amir Sultan  , Joseph H. Friedman  , James H. Bower
Published: July 2024

BACKGROUND: Non-motor symptoms (NMSs) of Parkinson’s disease (PD) were often overlooked and less studied. Little is known about NMSs in Ethiopia. The aim of the study was to determine the prevalence of NMSs and associated factors.METHODS: A multi-center cross-sectional observational study was conducted. NMS questionnaire was used to screen for the NMSs. Both descriptive and analytical statistics were used to analyze the data.RESULTS: Total of 123 PD patients with median of 4 years were investigated. The mean age of PD patients was 62.9 years. The mean age of PD onset was 58.3 years. In 23.6% the age of onset was below age 50. Males accounted 72.4%. Majority of the patients were on Levodopa alone and 31.7% were on levodopa plus trihexyphenidyl. Longer duration of illness was associated with frequent occurrence of NMSs. Constipation was the commonest NMS (78%), followed by urinary urgency (67.5%) and nocturia (63.4%). An unexplained pain was reported by 45.5%, cognitive impairment (45.5%), and sleep disturbance was reported by 45.5% of the study participants. Neurophysciatric symptoms were reported by small proportion of the patients. Lower monthly earning was associated with swallowing problem, unexplained weight change, and lighheadness.CONCLUSION: The prevalence of NMS was high among PD patients in Ethiopia. Constipation was the commonest NMS. Longer duration of illness was associated with frequent occurrence of NMSs. Lower monthly earning was associated with swallowing problem, unexplained weight change, and lighheadness.
Nurses’ Perspectives on Inpatient Care Responsiveness at the Gazan Public Hospitals
Authors: Iyad Ibrahim Shaqura  , Ebrahim Jaafaripooyan  , Mostafa Hosseini  , Abed El Raheem Shaban Shagora  , Ali Akbari Sari
Published: July 2024

BACKGROUND: Responsiveness is one of the intrinsic goals of health systems. This study aimed at assessing the responsiveness of inpatient care in accordance to nurses’ perspectives, particularly in internal medicine ‘medical’ and surgical departments, at the Gazan public general hospitals in 2020.METHODS: This cross-sectional descriptive study was conducted at 5 public general hospitals in Gaza. Data were collected from 277 nurses using an interview based questionnaire composed mainly of 36 items to measure responsiveness on a 4-point Likert scale. Descriptive statistics, independent t-test and analysis of variance (ANOVA) using SPSS 22.0.RESULTS: The overall responsiveness was about 77.5%. Access to social support was the highest-performing domain but it was the less important. Dignity was the second-highest in performance but the most important domain. Choice of provider and quality of basic amenities were almost the lowest in both performance and importance. Hospital, marital status, educational level, position at work, income, department, and the experience in the current ward have led to significant differences in the level of responsiveness.CONCLUSION: Supply-side should be considered to delineate the status quo of responsiveness accurately. There is a room for further improvement in the interpersonal domains of responsiveness without extravagant expenditures. Policymakers need to emphasize on better allocation of budget for clientorientation domains of responsiveness as well. Hospital characteristics had a pivotal role in creating significant differences among respondents. Likewise, socioeconomic status and cultural diversity of nurses led to significant variations in their responses, hence, this calls for robust and well-designed researches, including non public hospitals, to determine the most influential factors.
Polio: The Disease that Reemerged after Six Years in Ethiopia
Authors: Sintayehu Tsegaye Tseha
Published: July 2024

BACKGROUND፡ Polio is a disabling and potentially deadly disease caused by a wild poliovirus and vaccine-derived poliovirus. The purpose of this review is to discuss the current situation of polio in Ethiopia.METHOD: Relevant scientific articles on Polio were searched from different data bases and websites.RESULTS: The first wild poliovirus in Ethiopia was detected in 1999, followed by detection of few cases in 2000 and 2001. No wild poliovirus was detected in Ethiopia for the next 3 years (2001-2003). However, the disease resurged again in the country between 2004 and 2008 due to challenge to provide sufficient oralpoliovirus vaccine coverage, migration and cross border economic activities and lack of good acute flaccid paralysis surveillance. After almost 5 years with no wild polio virus, Ethiopia again affected by polio outbreak importation in 2013. However, due to multiple supplementary immunization activities campaigns of improved quality and enhanced surveillance, the outbreak was eventually successfully interrupted within 6 months of confirmation. The most recent emergence of polio in Ethiopia has seen in this year (2020) six years after the country documented zero polio cases since 2014. The cause of the resurgence of the disease is circulating vaccine derived polio virus-2. Currently, Ethiopia has been conducting outbreak response by declaring Mop-up campaigns since September 2020.CONCLUSIONS: Therefore, it can be recommended that: - 1. The country has to completely shift from oral polio virus vaccine to inactivated polio vaccine so that the risk of vaccine derived polio will be diminished; 2. Ethiopia has to strengthen the mop up campaign that it has started in September 2020 following the reemergence of the disease in the country; 3. Ethiopia has to strengthen surveillance for acute flaccid paralysis in order to rapidly detect any new virus importation and to facilitate a rapid response.
Duration of Supplemental Oxygen Requirement and Predictors in Severe COVID-19 Patients in Ethiopia: A Survival Analysis
Authors: Tigist W. Leulseged  , Ishmael S. Hassen  , Mesay G. Edo  , Daniel S. Abebe  , Endalkachew H. Maru  , Wuletaw C. Zewde  , Negat W. Chamiso  , Tariku B. Jagema
Published: July 2024

BACKGROUND፡ With the rising number of new cases of COVID-19, understanding the oxygen requirement of severe patients assists in identifying at risk groups and in making an informed decision on building hospitals capacity in terms of oxygen facility arrangement. Therefore, the study aimed to estimate time to getting off supplemental oxygen therapy and identify predictors among COVID-19 patients admitted to Millennium COVID-19 Care Center in Ethiopia.METHODS: A prospective observational study was conducted among 244 consecutively admitted COVID-19 patients from July to September, 2020. Kaplan Meier plots, median survival times and Log-rank test were used to describe the data and compare survival distribution between groups. Cox proportional hazard survival model was used to identify determinants of time to getting off supplemental oxygen therapy, where hazard ratio (HR), Pvalue and 95%CI for HR were used for testing significance and interpretation of results.RESULTS: Median time to getting off supplemental oxygen therapy among the studied population was 6 days (IQR,4.3-20.0). Factors that affect time to getting off supplemental oxygen therapy were age group (AHR=0.52,95%CI=0.32,0.84, pvalue=0.008 for ≥70 years) and shortness of breath (AHR=0.71,95%CI=0.52,0.96, p-value=0.026).CONCLUSION: Average duration of supplemental oxygen therapy requirement among COVID-19 patients was 6 days and being 70 years and older and having shortness of breath were found to be associated with prolonged duration of supplemental oxygen therapy requirement. This result can be used as a guide in planning institutional resource allocation and patient management to provide a well-equipped care to prevent complications and death from the disease.
Comparison of Three Commonly Used Genetic Markers for Detection of Leishmania Major: An Experimental Study
Authors: Hamed Behniafar  , Vahideh Moin Vaziri  , Seyyed Javad Seyyed Tabaei  , Niloofar Taghipour
Published: July 2024

BACKGROUND፡ Leishmaniasis is a vector-borne disease caused by an intracellular protozoan parasite called Leishmania spp. Different species produce different clinical outcomes; the majority of cases are cutaneous forms. Leishmania major is one of the main causative agents of cutaneous leishmaniasis (CL). Various methods are being using to diagnose CL, including microscopic examination, culture, and molecular detection of the parasite genome.METHOD: In the current study, we tried to compare three common molecular markers, including Kinetoplast DNA (kDNA), Cytochrome b (Cyt b), and Internal transcribed space 1 (ITS1), for the detection of Leishmania major. After cultivation of standard strain of L. major MHOM/IR/75/ER in RPMI 1640, certain number of promastigotes was subjected to DNA extraction and different PCR reactions.RESULTS: The lowest number of the parasite (5 promastigotes) can be detected by kDNA-PCR, followed by Cyt b-PCR (10 promastigotes), and ITS1-PCR (50 promastigotes).CONCLUSION: In conclusion, kDNA-PCR was the most sensitive marker and may provide more reliable data in the initial screening, especially in false-negative results provided by parasitological methods due to the low number of parasites.
Quality of Life in Patients Living with Stoma
Authors: Wuletaw Chane Zewude  , Tilahun Derese  , Yisihak Suga  , Berhanetsehay Teklewold
Published: July 2024

BACKGROUND፡ Background and Objective: Quality of life of patients can be affected a treatment. A good quality of life is essential to achieve a goal in treating patients. This study aims to assess stoma related quality of life.METHODS: A cross-sectional study was done at St. Paul’s Hospital millennium Medical College from February 1 to July 31, 2019. A structured questionnaire was used to interview patients and review charts of patients to retrieve information on sociodemographic variables, type, and indications of the stoma. Data was collected using structured questionnaire adopted from the City of Hope and Beckman Research Institute after modifications to make it in line with the Ethiopian context.RESULTS: The mean score for the overall quality of life for stomata was 7.42 ± 0.53. Around 70% of patients have adjusted their dietary style due to stoma. More than half of them reported feelings of depression following stoma surgery. Only 34% of patients resumed sexual activity and only 11% were satisfied with it. None of them were enrolled in stoma association or support group. Factors such as type of ostomy (temporary/permanent), adjustment in dietary style due to stoma, depression, change in diet for not passing gas in public, and change in clothing style had significant effects on overall quality of life and its subscales (P < 0.05).CONCLUSIONS: This study demonstrated that living with stoma has a greater impact on the overall aspect of quality of life.
Insulin Receptor Substrate 1 Gene and Glucose Metabolism Characteristics in Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus with Comorbidities
Authors: Mariya Marushchak  , Inna Krynytska
Published: July 2024

BACKGROUND፡ Genetic variants that affect insulin signaling play an important role in insulin resistance (IR) in type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). This study aimed to evaluate changes of the glycemic profile and IR in T2DM with comorbid obesity and chronic pancreatitis (CP) considering the allele status of the IRS1 gene (rs2943640).METHODS: The study involved 33 type-2 diabetic patients and 10 healthy individuals. The IRS-1 gene rs2943640 C>A polymorphism was genotyped using the TaqMan real-time PCR method.RESULTS: In type 2 diabetic patients regardless of the presence/absence of comorbid obesity and CP glycemic profile parameters significantly did not differ between carriers of allele С or allele A of the IRS1 gene (rs2943640). At the same time significantly higher HOMA-IR (by 2.25 times) was established in carriers of the C allele. In type 2 diabetic patients with both comorbidities (carriers of the C allele) the maximum HOMA-IR was established, which significantly differed from the data of patients with only T2DM and patients with comorbid obesity. In carriers of the A allele significantly higher level of HOMA-IR was found in patients with comorbid obesity and CP vs patients with only T2DM, and also in patients with comorbid obesity vs patients with only T2DM.CONCLUSIONS: Presence of the C allele of the IRS1 gene (rs2943640) may indicate risk of high IR in type 2 diabetic patients regardless of the presence/absence of comorbid obesity and CP; here with CP is a more important factor in IR progression then obesity.
Risky Sexual Behavior and Associated Factors among Street Youth in Dilla Town, Gedeo Zone, South Ethiopia, 2018
Authors: Simret Fikre  , Girma Tenkolu  , Zerihun Berhanu Mamo
Published: July 2024

BACKGROUND፡ Street youth are exposed to situations that make them vulnerable to sexual and reproductive health problems. The majority of street youth are living in conditions of severe deprivation, which place them at all kinds of health risks. Street youth have risky sexual behaviors that increase the likelihood of adverse sexual and reproductive health consequences. Therefore, this study aimed to identify the prevalence and associated factors of risky sexual behavior among street youth in Dilla town, Gedeo zone, South Ethiopia, 2018.METHODS: A cross-sectional study was conducted among 279 randomly selected street youth after locating and identifying them through census using a structured pre-tested questionnaire. Descriptive and binary logistic regression analyses were used. Statistically significant was declared at alpha<0.05.RESULTS: The prevalence of risky sexual behavior among street youth in Dilla town was53.9% (95% CI –(48, 60.2)). Female sex (AOR=9.57, 95% CI- (1.76, 52.07)), age (AOR=1.23, 95% CI-(1.08, 1.39)), educational level (AOR=3.00, 95% CI- (1.08, 8.33)) and alcohol intake (AOR=2.27, 95% CI – (1.11, 4.68)) were statistically significant with risky sexual behavior.CONCLUSION: A substantial number of street youths were engagedin risky sexual behavior, while female sex, increase in age, educational level, and alcohol intake of street youth were found to contribute to aggravate the problem. This calls formobilizing interventions considering the above factors to bring behavioral change in reducing risky sexual practices.