bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Treatment and Outcomes of Colorectal Cancer in Armenia: A Real-World Experience From a Developing Country
Authors: Bardakhchyan Samvel , Mkhitaryan Sergo , Zohrabyan Davit , Safaryan Liana , Avagyan Armen , Harutyunyan Lilit , Arakelyan Jemma , Tamamyan Gevorg , Tananyan Armen
Published: August 2020

PURPOSE

In Armenia, colorectal cancer (CRC) is one of the most frequently diagnosed cancers. It is in the third place by incidence. The aim of this study was to evaluate treatment and outcomes of CRC in Armenia during the last 9 years.

MATERIALS AND METHODS

For this retrospective hospital-based study, we have collected data from two main oncology centers in Armenia: National Oncology Center and “Muratsan” Hospital of Yerevan State Medical University. The information about patients with CRC who were treated at these two centers between January 1, 2010 and July 1, 2018 was collected from the medical records. Log-rank test and Kaplan-Meier curves were used for survival analysis. Prognostic factors were identified by Cox regression.

RESULTS

A total of 602 patients with CRC were involved in the final analysis. Median follow-up time was 37 months (range, 3-207 months). A total of 8.6% of patients had stage I, 32.9% stage II, 38.0% stage III, and 17.6% stage IV cancer; for 2.7% patients, the stage was unknown. The main independent prognostic factors for overall survival (OS) were tumor stage, grade, and histology. Adjuvant chemotherapy has been shown to improve survival in stage II colon cancer and stage III rectal but not in stage II rectal cancer. Radiotherapy did not yield survival improvement in stage II or III rectal cancer. Three- and 5-year OS rates were 62.9% and 51.8% for all stages combined and 79.7% and 68.5% for stages I-II, 62.5% and 48.4% for stage III, and 24.4% and 17% for stage IV respectively.

CONCLUSION

As seen from our results, our survival rates are lower than those of the developed world. Additional research is needed to identify the underlying reasons and to improve patients’ treatment and outcomes in Armenia.
Clinical and radiological features of immune checkpoint inhibitor-related pneumonitis in lung cancer and non-lung cancers
Authors: Nobashi Tomomi W , Nishimoto Yuko , Kawata Yujiro , Yutani Hidetaka , Nakamura Masaki , Tsuji Yuichi , Yoshida Atsushi , Sugimoto Akihiko , Yamamoto Takayuki , Alam Israt S , Noma Satoshi
Published: August 2020

Objective:

To investigate the clinical and radiological features of immune checkpoint inhibitor-related pneumonitis (ICI-P), a rare but serious pulmonary complication of cancer immunotherapy and to evaluate key differences between lung cancer (LC) and non-LC patients.

Methods:

247 patients (LC, n = 151) treated with ICI for malignancies were retrospectively screened in a single institute. The number of patients, history of other immune-related adverse events (irAE), the onset, serum KL-6 levels, and chest CT features (types of pneumonitis, symmetry, laterality, location) were recorded for the ICI-P population and compared for LC and non-LC groups.

Results:

ICI-P was identified in 26 patients in total (LC, n = 19; non-LC, n = 7). The incidence of other irAE was significantly higher in ICI-P group (63%) compared with patients without ICI-P (34%) (p = 0.0056). An earlier onset of ICI-P was recorded in LC (78 days) compared to non-LC patients (186 days) (p = 0.0034). Serum KL-6 was significantly elevated only in the non-LC group when ICI-P was noticed (p = 0.029). Major CT findings of ICI-P, irrespective of primary disease, were organizing pneumonia pattern and ground glass opacities. LC patients commonly exhibited consolidation and traction bronchiectasis and were prone to asymmetrical shadows (p < 0.001). Non-LC patients were more likely to exhibit symmetrical infiltrations. A small fraction of both groups experienced relapse or moving patterns of ICI-P.

Conclusion:

ICI-P patients more often experienced other irAE prior to the development of ICI-P. The characteristics of ICI-P can differ in terms of the onset, KL-6 reliability, and chest CT findings between LC and non-LC patients.

Advances in knowledge:

In ICI-P patients, a history of other irAE can be more frequently observed. Differences in disease onset and radiological patterns between LC and non-LC patients might be helpful to make a diagnosis of ICI-P; however, longitudinal observation of chest CT scans is advised to observe the pneumonitis activity irrespective of cancer types.
Um novo modelo para as escolas de administração
Authors: Wood JR. Thomaz , Caldas Miguel P. , De Souza Renato José
Published: August 2020

Para responder às demandas sociais atuais, as escolas de Administração devem retomar seu ideário original, romper com o modelo anacrônico vigente, com silos de pesquisa e ensino, e adotar um modelo fundado na gestão e disseminação do conhecimento.
O poder da ação
Authors: Azevedo Lia
Published: August 2020

Há tempos se fala em empoderamento da mulher, promoção da diversidade, inclusão de pessoas com deficiência. Chegou a hora de encerrar a era do discurso e iniciar a da ação. Assim, de fato, veremos os ponteiros se movimentarem para termos maisrepresentatividade e uma sociedade mais justa.
Uma atitude em direitos humanos
Authors: Scabin Flávia , Hojaij Tamara Brezighello
Published: August 2020

Implantar uma due diligence para avaliar, monitorar e controlar riscos e impactos dos negócios aos direitos humanos é o que se espera hoje das empresas
Para reduzir o lixo no Brasil
Authors: Oliveira Rodrigo , Vendramini Annelise
Published: August 2020

Uma taxa que variasse de acordo com o que cada cidadão gera de resíduos sólidos seria mais justa, eficiente e benéfica ao meio ambiente.
Autoconhecimento: O impulso para a evolução
Authors: Silva André
Published: August 2020

Como foi o meu comportamento? O que eu senti? O que eu pensei? Fazer perguntas como essas diante dos acontecimentos da vida nos leva a desenvolver competências para conduzir melhor nossa trajetória.
Por que o super-homem não domina o mundo?
Authors: Dana Samy
Published: August 2020

O super-homem surgiu para respeitar contratos e proteger as Instituições contra supervilões e alienígenas.
Formação sob medida
Authors: Aranha Francisco
Published: August 2020

A tendência é as escolas de administração desagregarem seus programas educacionais, o que exigirá mudanças nos processos de ensino-aprendizagem e, principalmente, nas áreas externas à sala de aula.
Os estudantes não pedem passagem , e
Authors: Gonçalves Angélica , Pasquali Carolina , Salgado Gabriel Maia
Published: August 2020

Escolas, universidades e a sociedade são provocados a responder à pergunta: estão preparados para conhecer, dialogar e ser transformados pelas crianças e pelos jovens protagonistas?
Riqueza concentrada, desequilíbrio fiscal e retomada do crescimento
Authors: Sandroni Paulo
Published: August 2020

As turbulências políticas podem comprometer a volta dos investimentos privados, os quais demandam estabilidade também nesse Campo nos médio e longo prazos.
Hora de mudar
Authors: Wilner Adriana , Dos Santos Aline Lilian
Published: August 2020

Trabalhar em grandes empresas ou empreender? A dúvida, comum entre muitos estudantes quando terminam a faculdade, também ficou martelando a cabeça de Dennis Wang. Graduado em Administração Pública pela Escola de Administração de Empresas de São Paulo, da Fundação Getulio Vargas (FGV EAESP), em 2005, ele conseguiu resolver o dilema fazendo ambos. Depois de ganhar experiência nos bancos ABN Amro, BNP Paribas e Merrill Lynch, entrou no mundo das startups, ocupando posições como co-chief executive officer (coCEO) da Easy Taxi, vice-presidente de operações do Nubank, entre outras.Foi num primeiro período sabático que conseguiu fazer essa transição de grandes instituições financeiras para o mundo do empreendedorismo. “Tive que tomar esse risco para mudar”, diz. Agora, Dennis entra em um segundo intervalo na carreira, o que, para ele, é uma oportunidade de se autoconhecer e estar mais atento às oportunidades. Nesta entrevista à GV-executivo, o ex-aluno da EAESP fala sobre as mudanças na carreira e como vê as startups de tecnologia hoje.
Os ganhos de uma agricultura sustentável
Authors: Lanka Sanjay
Published: August 2020

Visando preservar os recursos naturais, beneficiar os pequenos agricultores e promover meios de subsistência para as comunidades locais, uma cooperativa na Índia aposta nos serviços ecossistêmicos e na agroecologia para gerar melhores resultados ambientais, econômicos e sociais.
Gestão baseada em evidências
Authors: Figueiredo Américo Rodrigues de
Published: August 2020

Para evitar investir em práticas ineficazes, só há uma saída: mergulhar nos fundamentos da boa administração e ir em busca de fontes confiáveis de informação para as tomadas de decisões.
Conflitos afetivos podem ser fatais às startups
Authors: Sarfati Gilberto
Published: August 2020

Para evitar que brigas destruam o negócio, os sócios precisam exercitar o ceder, seja desistindo de um ponto de vista, seja colocando o ego de lado, ou dando uma pausa na discussão.
A construção de uma falácia
Authors: Sandroni Paulo
Published: August 2020

Para estimular a indústria da construção, ao contrário do que advogam representantes do setor, não é preciso mudar a outorga onerosa.
Inovar Será Preciso
Authors: Tonelli Maria José , Wilner Adriana
Published: August 2020

Esta edição foi produzida um pouco antes do agravamento da crise provocada pelo Covid-19. Embora a maioria dos artigos não enfoque tempos tão instáveis como o que vivemos, o tema do caderno especial, a inovação, é ainda mais relevante quando os desafios que se apresentam são imensos. Teremos de reinventar a forma de conduzir os negócios e, mais do que nunca, inovar será preciso.
Os desafios de interagir com startups
Authors: Hashiba Luciana , Sartoretto Cristina
Published: August 2020

Grandes empresas precisam modificar recursos, competências e rotinas para desenvolver capabilities de inovação em redes com negócios emergentes.
Lições para as políticas de inovação
Authors: Cherubini André
Published: August 2020

O exemplo da indústria naval mostra que, para serem bem-sucedidas, iniciativas governamentais para criar novos mercados têm de priorizar a construção coordenada de capacitação tecnológica e organizacional.
Um guia para negócios inovadores
Authors: Santos Juliana Bonomi , Pereira Susana Carla Farias , Lopes Daniel Gonçalves
Published: August 2020

Como se adequar aos pré-requisitos e aprender a jogar as regras do jogo para acessar os recursos do ecossistema de inovação brasileiro.
Um abismo entre a teoria e a prática dos investimentos
Authors: Lee Stefan Colza , Junior William Eid
Published: August 2020

Os modelos para construção de carteiras e gestão de risco desenvolveram-se muito nas últimas décadas, mas os gestores de fundos não usam plenamente esse ferramental no Brasil. Por quê?
Combatendo a inércia nas organizações
Authors: Perini Luis , Carneiro Jorge
Published: August 2020

Muitas vezes, vieses cognitivos interferem no processo de tomada de decisão dos gestores, dificultando a adaptação das suas empresas às mudanças de mercado. Como reduzi-los?
Hora de resgatar a confiança
Authors: Esteves Sofia
Published: August 2020

Em um país onde as pessoas desconfiam uma das outras, o ambiente nas empresas não é diferente, e o home office deixa isso evidente. É preciso mudar esse cenário para manter ou melhorar a competitividade.
Achatando a curva da inadimplência
Authors: Schiozer Rafael , Yoshida Jr. Valter
Published: August 2020

Como as medidas emergenciais para mitigar a crise econômica afetam o mercado de crédito tanto no curto quanto no longo prazo.
Recursos humanos na linha de frente
Authors: Cepellos Vanessa Martines
Published: August 2020

A área de recursos humanos assume protagonismo na crise para cuidar da segurança dos colaboradores, da adaptação ao trabalho remoto e da melhoria na comunicação organizacional.
A ascensão das marcas solidárias
Authors: Rosenthal Benjamin
Published: August 2020

Marcas solidárias fabricaram e doaram itens essenciais para o combate à Covid-19, ganhando repercussão nas redes sociais. O contexto da crise vai passar, mas será que a solidariedade permanecerá?
Os desafios das relações internacionais
Authors: Casarões Guilherme
Published: August 2020

Teremos de nos acostumar, pelo menos nos próximos anos, com um mundo mais fechado, menos livre e mais desigual.
Effect of rehabilitation training on an elderly population with mild to moderate hearing loss: study protocol for a randomised clinical trial
Authors: Rasouli Fard Parisa , Jarollahi Farnoush , Sameni Seyyed Jalal , Kamali Mohammad
Published: August 2020

Background: Age-related hearing loss (presbycusis) is a form of hearing loss in over 60-year-olds and has a negative impact on quality of life. The pathophysiology of presbycusis is multifactorial and is predominately characterised with a loss of speech perception in noise. In the cochlea, auditory filters decompose broadband sound into a series of narrowband output signals, which contains two kinds of temporal information: slow changes in overall amplitude envelope (ENV) and faster variations in temporal fine structure (TFS). TFS is important for recognition of target speech in noise. The main aim of the study is to evaluate the effect of TFS rehabilitation training in participants over the age of 60 years with mild to moderate hearing loss.

Methods: A randomised clinical trial  conduct on 30 participants with mild (loss of 20-39dB) to moderate (40-69dB) hearing loss, aged between 60 and 75 years old. Participants with conductive hearing loss, abnormal middle ear pathology and central nerve system disease were excluded. Participants were randomly selected to an intervention and control group with a 1:1 ratio. Rehabilitation for the intervention Group are 30-minute sessions three times a week for a total five weeks of vowel consonant vowel words that are used to eliminate ENV and keep only TFS. Word in noise test, binaural TFS test, and Speech, Spatial and Qualities of Hearing Scale scores are performed at the beginning and end of study to evaluate the effect of rehabilitation training.

Conclusion:  Life expectancy in the elderly has improved, leading to an increased prevalence of age-related diseases including presbycusis. A literature review highlighted that TFS damage is permanent; however, in this study we will attempt to prove that TFS training may lead to speech in noise perception restored.

Trial registration: Registry of Clinical Trials, IRCT2019625044006N1 (7th August 2019).
EXPANSÃO URBANA: REFLETINDO EM TORNO DA TIPOLOGIA DA CIDADE DE MAPUTO
Authors: Guevane Luiz Adriano
Published: August 2020

A partir de uma aproximação teórica respaldada em diversa bibliografia seguida de uma abordagem sistémica e histórica sobre o tema, o presente estudo procura perceber até que ponto a expansão da cidade de Maputo é do tipo anéis concêntricos, ou se esta tipologia foi reconfigurada criando uma outra à luz da intensificação do processo de urbanização no âmbito da transição urbana. Evidências empíricas mostram que a expansão urbana extensiva da capital da República de Moçambique, como parte da intensificação do processo global de urbanização, continua a manter o essencial da tipologia colonial, tanto nos seus aspectos assimétricos infraestruturais como socio-espaciais. Os contrastes entre o centro urbano e a periferia, sobretudo dentro desta, são produto de uma expansão urbana extensiva ativada por um mercado de terras informal. Daqui resulta a valorização de novos espaços à custa de habitações de padrão diferenciado no meio suburbano e periurbano. A referida expansão urbana extensiva, genericamente do tipo anéis concêntricos, evidencia, para fora do seu perímetro urbano, um continuum, ou seja, uma etapa crescentemente mais conformada com a urbanização dispersa.
O PROFESSOR DE ESTUDOS AMAZÔNICOS: O PERCEBER ENTRE O ESPAÇO PENSADO E O ESPAÇO VIVIDO
Authors: Barros Gabriel Renan Neves , Martins Alan Bizerra
Published: August 2020

Este artigo trata-se de um capítulo da dissertação de mestrado sobre a formação de professores de Estudos Amazônicos no município de Marabá-PA. Buscamos fundamentar a criação da disciplina a nível municipal, o por que estudar a Amazônia, além de entender qual a relação entre o perceber e o ato de ensinar, o perceber e o professor, assim como o perceber e o aluno. Neste artigo é possível entender, através de Merleau-Ponty, Masini, Paulo Freire, Vygotsky, Gomes, Milton Santos e outros, qual a participação dos sujeitos no mundo, mais especificamente, no meio ambiente amazônico, e sua importância para a construção de uma consciência coletiva preservacionista.
OS LUGARES ONDE FOMOS: MEMORIAL DE LIVRE DOCÊNCIA
Authors: Sousa Neto Manoel Fernandes de
Published: August 2020

O presente memorial foi defendido em junho de 2019, como parte do processo de avaliação, com vistas a obtenção do título de livre docente na disciplina de História do Pensamento Geográfico do Departamento de Geografia junto à Faculdade de Filosofia, Letras e Ciências Humanas da Universidade de São Paulo.
DA CONVENIÊNCIA, UTILIDADE E NECESSIDADE DA GEOGRAFIA (1784)
Authors: Arantes Leonardo
Published: August 2020

Tradução do texto "Von der Annehmlichkeit, Nützlichkeit und Nothwendigkeit der Geographie" (1784), de Johann Gottfried von Herder (1744-1803).Apresentamos a seguir, vertido diretamente do original alemão para a língua portuguesa, um pequeno, porém denso e revelador discurso herderiano em defesa da Ciência Geográfica e da Geografia enquanto disciplina escolar crucial para a formação humana.
CYCLIZINE
Authors: Rees Sharon
Published: August 2020

In this column, Sharon Rees aims to refresh knowledge and interest in some of the commonly used drugs in a series of tweets. This month she is talking about #cyclizine
COVID-19's impact on healthcare staff: the evolving picture
Authors: Robertson Deborah
Published: August 2020

Deborah Robertson provides an overview of recently published articles that may be of interest to non-medical prescribers. Should you wish to look at any of the papers in more detail, a full reference is provided
Antibiotic resistance
Authors: Winter George
Published: August 2020

This month, George Winter discusses how healthcare professionals are still reluctant to address the growing issue of antibiotic resistance, and examines the key factors that are contributing to this ongoing issue
Prescribing where there is a comorbid presentation of anxiety and depression: a case study
Authors: Young Andy
Published: August 2020

This case study considers a complex presentation of anxiety with associated depression, and describes a stepped approach to care and treatment, as advocated by the National Institute for Health and Clinical Excellence. The classification of mental disorders is referred to in the case study. Mixed anxiety and depression is a common presentation in primary care, characterised by a mix of anxiety and depressive symptoms without clear prominence of any one type and the presence of one or more physical symptoms that are present for more than six months. Anxiolytic medication is often used as a first aid measure in anxiety, and is very useful and appropriate for this. However, it is quite difficult to assess the longer-term effectiveness of these drugs, as anxiety tends to vary for reasons other than drug treatment, such as external pressures. There is good evidence to support the efficacy of psychological interventions in anxiety spectrum disorders. Consequently, self help and cognitive behaviour therapy may be the first line of treatment for less severe cases and can be used in conjunction with medication.
Light source for comfortable lighting and trapping pests in tea gardens based on solar-like lighting
Authors: Chen Yi-Di , Wang Jia-Chen , Zhang Jing-Hui , Cao Guan-Ying
Published: August 2020

A large amount of tea is produced every year. Tea is often harmed by pests during the cultivation process, causing great economic damage. In this paper, we simulated a kind of light source for comfortable lighting and trapping pests based on solar-like lighting. We investigated three combinations of white LEDs and monochromatic LEDs for solar-like trapping light. The optimal combination of white LEDs and monochromatic LEDs was determined by the production cost and the spectral phototaxis ratio. We used TracePro for the trapping light mixing design. The results show that the combination of the cold white LED and six kinds of monochromatic LEDs is the best for trapping pests. A light source for comfortable lighting and trapping pests based on solar-like lighting with the color temperature of 7285 k, color coordinates of (0.3052, 0.3031), and color rendering index of 70 is obtained. The trapping light can not only be used as functional lighting but can also be applied to reduce the use of pesticides and improve the quality of tea.
FLImBrush: dynamic visualization of intraoperative free-hand fiber-based fluorescence lifetime imaging
Authors: Marsden Mark , Fukazawa Takanori , Deng Yu-Cheng , Weyers Brent W. , Bec Julien , Gregory Farwell D. , Marcu Laura
Published: August 2020

A free-hand scanning approach to medical imaging allows for flexible, lightweight probes to image intricate anatomies for modalities such as fluorescence lifetime imaging (FLIm), optical coherence tomography (OCT) and ultrasound. While very promising, this approach faces several key challenges including tissue motion during imaging, varying lighting conditions in the surgical field, and sparse sampling of the tissue surface. These challenges limit the coregistration accuracy and interpretability of the acquired imaging data. Here we report FLImBrush as a robust method for the localization and visualization of intraoperative free-hand fiber optic fluorescence lifetime imaging (FLIm). FLImBrush builds upon an existing method while employing deep learning-based image segmentation, block-matching based motion correction, and interpolation-based visualization to address the aforementioned challenges. Current results demonstrate that FLImBrush can provide accurate localization of FLIm point-measurements while producing interpretable and complete visualizations of FLIm data acquired from a tissue surface. Each of the main processing steps was shown to be capable of real-time processing (> 30 frames per second), highlighting the feasibility of FLImBrush for intraoperative imaging and surgical guidance. Current findings show the feasibility of integrating FLImBrush into a range of surgical applications including cancer margins assessment during head and neck surgery.
Polarization dependence of 133Cs 6S1/2-6P3/2-11S1/2 electromagnetically induced transparency at room temperature
Authors: Nguyen Thi-Thuy , Chen Te-Hsin , Thi Ly Ly Nguyen , Tsai Chin-Chun
Published: August 2020

The effect of polarization on the ladder-type electromagnetically induced transparency (EIT) spectra of 133Cs atoms at room temperature for the transitions 62P1/2-62P3/2-112S1/2 is experimentally studied. The entire spectra with additional peaks arising from the Doppler effect are observed. As the relative angle between the probe’s and coupling’s plane of polarization arranges at 0°, 45°, and 90°, the peak height ratio of 44′3" to 44′4" increases by more than 7 times with corresponding values of 0.19, 0.69, and 1.4. Meanwhile, that of 45′4" to 44′4" are found to be 0.61, 0.87, and 1.23 (doubled), respectively. A theoretical model built to explain the experimental results with the considerations of optical pumping effect, two-photon transition probability, dephasing rate, and integration all over the velocity distribution. The simulation and experimental results are well-agreed.
Coded aperture correlation holographic microscope for single-shot quantitative phase and amplitude imaging with extended field of view
Authors: Hai Nathaniel , Rosen Joseph
Published: August 2020

Recently, a method of recording holograms of coherently illuminated three-dimensional scene without two-wave interference was demonstrated. The method is an extension of the coded aperture correlation holography from incoherent to coherent illumination. Although this method is practical for some tasks, it is not capable of imaging phase objects, a capability that is an important benefit of coherent holography. The present work addresses this limitation by using the same type of coded phase masks in a modified Mach-Zehnder interferometer. We show that by several comparative parameters, the coded aperture-based phase imaging is superior to the equivalent open aperture-based method. As an additional merit of the coded aperture approach, a framework for increasing the system’s field of view is formulated and demonstrated for both amplitude and phase objects. The combination of high sensitivity quantitative phase microscope with increased field of view in a single camera shot holographic apparatus, has immense potential to serve as the preferred tool for examination of transparent biological tissues.
Point spread function in interferometric scattering microscopy (iSCAT). Part I: aberrations in defocusing and axial localization
Authors: Gholami Mahmoodabadi Reza , Taylor Richard W. , Kaller Martin , Spindler Susann , Mazaheri Mahdi , Kasaian Kiarash , Sandoghdar Vahid
Published: August 2020

Interferometric scattering (iSCAT) microscopy is an emerging label-free technique optimized for the sensitive detection of nano-matter. Previous iSCAT studies have approximated the point spread function in iSCAT by a Gaussian intensity distribution. However, recent efforts to track the mobility of nanoparticles in challenging speckle environments and over extended axial ranges has necessitated a quantitative description of the interferometric point spread function (iPSF). We present a robust vectorial diffraction model for the iPSF in tandem with experimental measurements and rigorous FDTD simulations. We examine the iPSF under various imaging scenarios to understand how aberrations due to the experimental configuration encode information about the nanoparticle. We show that the lateral shape of the iPSF can be used to achieve nanometric three-dimensional localization over an extended axial range on the order of 10 µm either by means of a fit to an analytical model or calibration-free unsupervised machine learning. Our results have immediate implications for three-dimensional single particle tracking in complex scattering media.
Correction of refractive index mismatch-induced aberrations under radially polarized illumination by deep learning
Authors: Wang Weibo , Wu Biwei , Zhang Baoyuan , Li Xiaojun , Tan Jiubin
Published: August 2020

Radially polarized field under strong focusing has emerged as a powerful manner for fluorescence microscopy. However, the refractive index (RI) mismatch-induced aberrations seriously degrade imaging performance, especially under high numerical aperture (NA). Traditional adaptive optics (AO) method is limited by its tedious procedure. Here, we present a computational strategy that uses artificial neural networks to correct the aberrations induced by RI mismatch. There are no requirements for expensive hardware and complicated wavefront sensing in our framework when the deep network training is completed. The structural similarity index (SSIM) criteria and spatial frequency spectrum analysis demonstrate that our deep-learning-based method has a better performance compared to the widely used Richardson-Lucy (RL) deconvolution method at different imaging depth on simulation data. Additionally, the generalization of our trained network model is tested on new types of samples that are not present in the training procedure to further evaluate the utility of the network, and the performance is also superior to RL deconvolution.
Optical phase conjugation in backward Raman amplification
Authors: Jia Qing , Qu Kenan , Fisch Nathaniel J.
Published: August 2020

Compression of an intense laser pulse using backward Raman amplification (BRA) in plasma, followed by vacuum focusing to a small spot size, can produce unprecedented ultrarelativistic laser intensities. The plasma density inhomogeneity during BRA, however, causes laser phase and amplitude distortions, limiting the pulse focusability. To solve the issue of distortion, we investigate the use of optical phase conjugation as the seed pulse for BRA. We show that the phase conjugated laser pulses can retain focusability in the nonlinear pump depletion regime of BRA, but not so easily in the linear amplification regime. This somewhat counterintuitive result is because the nonlinear pump depletion regime features a shorter amplification distance, and hence less phase distortion due to wave–wave interaction, than the linear amplification regime.
Radiation-resistant flatness-shaped spectrum erbium-doped photonic crystal fiber source employing multiple self-compensating methods
Authors: Suo Xinxin , Yu Haicheng , Li Jing , Liu Yuanyuan , Wu Xudong
Published: August 2020

A novel scheme of radiation-resistant flatness-shaped spectrum erbium-doped photonic crystal fiber source (EDPCFS) employing multiple self-compensating methods is proposed. We first develop a sort of radiation-resistant highly erbium-doped photonic crystal fiber (EDPCF) with the cutoff wavelength of 520 nm, which ensures that the pump light and most energy of the green light from upconversion of

E
r

3
+

could participate in photo-annealing to reduce the radiation-induced background attenuation (RIBA) of the EDPCFS under radiation environment. To minimize the spectrum variation from radiation-induced active band attenuation (RIABA), the original spectrum is optimized employing an improved double pumped backward (DPB) configuration. With a gain flattening filter and closed-loop feedback control technology, a radiation-resistant EDPCFS with a linewidth larger than 41 nm is achieved, and it experimentally demonstrates a significantly improved mean-wavelength stability of 0.42 ppm/krad with the output power attenuation of 0.09 dB under

γ

-irradiation of 200 krad. The novel radiation-resistant EDPCFS proposed is quite feasible for strategic interferometric fiber-optic gyroscopes (IFOGs) working in high-dose radiation environment.
Radial diffraction of light in the radial momentum state space
Authors: Ma Tianlong , Zhang Dongkai , Qiu Xiaodong , Chen Yuanyuan , Chen Lixiang
Published: August 2020

While linear or angular position and momentum can be linked by a continuous or discrete Fourier transform, there are some subtle problems in the analogous Fourier relationship between radial position and radial momentum in history. Here we exploit radial position and newly introduced radial momentum variables to report a radial version of light’s diffraction. The mask with single or multiple radial slits confines the light to a radial transmission function. As a result, in the radial momentum state space, we can observe the diffraction sidebands generated on the transmitted light due to a transverse restriction of the radial range. Our experimental results clearly reveal the intriguing diffraction behaviors between radial position and radial momentum variables at the single-photon level, making them another candidate for fundamental tests of quantum mechanics and for a variety of quantum information applications.
Miniature all-fiber force sensor
Authors: Pevec Simon , Donlagic Denis
Published: August 2020

A miniature all-fiber Fabry–Perot sensor for measurement of force is presented in this Letter. The sensor consists of a thin silica diaphragm created at the tip of the fiber. The central part of the diaphragm is extended into a silica pole, which is ended with a round-shaped probe or a sensing cylinder apt for asserting measured force. The entire sensor is made of silica glass and has a cylindrical shape with a length of about 800 µm and a diameter of about 105 µm. Force sensing resolution of about 0.6 µN was demonstrated experimentally while providing an unambiguous sensor measurement range of about 0.6 mN. The sensor is shown for measurements of surface tension of liquids and biological samples examination.
Periphery of the peripheries: Women in Al Jazeera Arabic news
Authors: Guta Hala Asmina
Published: August 2020

Since its inception in 1996, Al Jazeera has branded itself as an alternative voice in the global media landscape. While scholars argue that Al Jazeera has brought the Global South’s voice from the periphery to the centre, there is little scholarship on Al Jazeera’s representation of women. Building on intersectionality literature, this article aims to investigate the intersection of gender and geopolitical positionalities in relation to Al Jazeera Arabic’s (AJA) representation of the Global South’s women. This article concludes that women were minimally represented in AJA news. Interviews and document analysis highlight that the Al Jazeera network does adopt gender-neutral policies on reporting news. By failing to recognize the intersectionality of gender and geopolitical positionality of Global South women, AJA privileges men’s experiences and voices and consequently women remain at the periphery of the peripheries in Al Jazeera news. Al Jazeera needs to address this gap through institutional and policy lenses.
Émotions à la carte: Exploring emotional paradoxes through edible DIY-Materials for product design1
Authors: de Francisco Vela Santiago , Ayala-Garcia Camilo
Published: August 2020

The exploration of emotions has become a fundamental aspect of product design. Researchers in the design field have proposed approaches to Materials Experience that supports emotional exploration. The following article aims to demonstrate how, by experimenting with edible Do-It-Yourself-Materials, designers can tackle a deeper conceptualization of product development. A methodology is proposed to explore emotions through different design techniques with the use of edible materials. Three projects are analysed to understand the different opportunities to use these types of materials to create emotional, tangible experiences. This exercise sets a scenario for product designers interested in using emotions through edible material experimentation and achieving a more meaningful product development, by including emotional design in the project.
Psychobilly: Subcultural Survival, Kimberley Kattari (2020)
Authors: Hawkes Jake
Published: August 2020

Review of: Psychobilly: Subcultural Survival, Kimberley Kattari (2020)

Philadelphia: Temple University Press, 262 pp.,

ISBN 978-1-43991-860-9, h/bk, $32.95
Dreams to Fill the Vacuum: The Sound of Sheffield 1978–1988, 4CD Box Set, Various Artists
Authors: Bestley Russ
Published: August 2020

Review of: Dreams to Fill the Vacuum: The Sound of Sheffield 1978–1988, 4CD Box Set, Various Artists

London: Cherry Red, £24.99
In vitro anthelmintic activity of aqueous and ethanol extracts of Paraserianthes falcataria bark waste against Haemonchus contortus obtained from a local slaughterhouse in Indonesia
Authors: Baihaqi Zein Ahmad , Widiyono Irkham , Nurcahyo Wisnu
Published: August 2020

Aim: This study was conducted to determine the anthelmintic activity of aqueous and ethanol extracts of Paraserianthes falcataria bark against Haemonchus contortus.

Materials and Methods: Ethanol extract of bark (E.E.B.) waste and aqueous extract of bark (A.E.B.) waste of P. falcataria (at concentrations 0, 0.2, 0.4, 0.8, 1, 2.5, and 5%) and albendazole (2 mg/ml) as the positive control were placed in separate Petri dishes (50 mm). Twenty H. contortus worms were placed in Petri dishes and incubated at 37°C for 0.5, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, and 12 h. Mortality of each worm was ensured by pressing the body of the worm with a pair of tweezers and keeping it in lukewarm water for 5 min before declaring it dead. Mortality is defined as amount of death individuals and time of mortality of each worm was recorded. The parasites were then observed using scanning electron microscopy (SEM) at an accelerating voltage of 15 Kv. Statistical analysis was performed using SPSS 21.0 software, two-way ANOVA followed by Tukey's test to detect significant differences (p<0.05). The result was expressed as the mean ± standard deviation.

Results: The E.E.B. and A.E.B. of P. falcataria contained active compounds, such as tannin, alkaloid, flavonoid, saponin, steroid, and triterpenoid. E.E.B. had a higher content of phenol, while A.E.B. had a higher content of flavonoid. In this study, P. falcataria showed a significant effect (p=0.00) on H. contortus in vitro. E.E.B. (0.8%) was able to exterminate H. contortus completely after 6 h, more effective than A.E.B. (5%) while the positive control requires (2 mg/ml) after 2 h. SEM analysis of the worm treated with E.E.B. and A.E.B. showed damaged cuticle structure.

Conclusion: The aqueous and ethanol extracts of P. falcataria bark waste demonstrated anthelmintic activity against H. contortus.
Protective effect of Mucuna pruriens against arsenic-induced liver and kidney dysfunction and neurobehavioral alterations in rats
Authors: Concessao Preethi , Bairy Laxminarayana Kurady , Raghavendra Archana Parampalli
Published: August 2020

Background and Aim: Intoxication of arsenic in rats is known to result in neurological effects as well as liver and kidney dysfunction. Mucuna pruriens has been identified for its medicinal properties. The aim of the study was to investigate the protective effect of aqueous seed extract of M. pruriens on sodium arsenite-induced memory impairment, liver, and kidney functions in rats. Materials and Methods: The experiment was divided into short-term treatment (45 days) and long-term treatment (90 days), with each group divided into nine sub-groups consisting of six animals each. Sub-groups 1 and 2 served as normal, and N-acetylcysteine (NAC) controls, respectively. Sub-groups 3-9 received sodium arsenite in drinking water (50 mg/L). In addition, sub-group 4 received NAC (210 mg/kg b.wt) orally once daily, sub-groups 5-7 received aqueous seed extract of M. pruriens (350 mg/kg b.wt, 530 mg/kg b.wt, and 700 mg/kg b.wt) orally once daily and sub-groups 8 and 9 received a combination of NAC and aqueous seed extract of M. pruriens (350 mg/kg b.wt and 530 mg/kg b.wt) orally once daily. Following the treatment, the blood was drawn retro-orbitally to assess the liver (serum alanine transaminase [ALT], serum aspartate transaminase, and serum alkaline phosphatase) and kidney (serum urea and serum creatinine) functions. Learning and memory were assessed by passive avoidance test. Animals were sacrificed by an overdose of ketamine, and their Nissl stained hippocampal sections were analyzed for alterations in neural cell numbers in CA1 and CA3 regions. Results: In the short-term treatment, groups administered with M. pruriens 530 mg/kg b.wt alone and combination of NAC + M. pruriens 350 mg/kg b.wt exhibited a significant improvement in memory retention, less severe neurodegeneration, and decrease in serum ALT levels. In long-term treatment, groups administered with M. pruriens 700 mg/kg b.wt alone and combination of NAC+M. pruriens 350 mg/kg b.wt, respectively, showed better memory retention, decreased neural deficits, and reduced levels of kidney and liver enzymes. Conclusion: The seed extract of M. pruriens showed significant enhancement in memory and learning. The number of surviving neurons in the CA1 and CA3 regions also increased on treatment with M. pruriens. Serum ALT, serum urea, and serum creatinine levels showed significant improvement on long-term treatment with M. pruriens.
THE NEED FOR KNOWLEDGE AND USE OF VACCINES FOR THE MAINTENANCE OF GLOBAL HEALTH AND DEVELOPMENT OF COUNTRIES
Authors: Ribeiro Maria Natália Alves , Coelho José Leonardo Gomes , Veras Helenicy Nogueira Holanda , Sampaio Juliana Ribeiro Francelino , Saraiva Emanuela Machado Silva , Santana Willma José de
Published: August 2020

Gulobalization promotes changes throughout the world scenario, some not very positive, such as the ease of spreading infectious diseases that threaten global health among different places, which calls for the use of immunization means -see vaccines- so that countries can develop, maintaining health security. The aim of this commentary is to analyze the historical relationship between world well-being and vaccine production. The methodology used was based on studies related to the theme, from 2014-2020, in the languages Portuguese, English and Spanish. The following descriptors were used: vaccines, globalization and health, immunization. This comment is expected to briefly describe the types of vaccines and their importance for maintaining global well-being. Keywords: vaccines, globalization and health, immunization, global health.
Verschwiegene Gründungsgewalt. Anna Seghers' Das Licht auf dem Galgen (Fragment, 1948/49)
Authors: Uerlings Herbert
Published: August 2020

Herbert Uerlings befasst sich mit dem Beginn einer postkolonialen Nachkriegsliteratur in Deutschland: Anna Seghers' »Karibische Geschichten«, mit denen sie nach ihrer Rückkehr aus dem mexikanischen Exil im Frühjahr 1947 begann, drei historische Erzählungen über Anti-Sklaverei-Revolten in der Karibik um 1800. Der Zyklus konnte jedoch erst 1960 abgeschlossen werden, da die Arbeit an der dritten Erzählung, »Das Licht auf dem Galgen«, unterbrochen werden musste. Warum? Die »Karibischen Geschichten« handeln explizit und/oder implizit von Gewalt und Revolution zu unterschiedlichen Zeiten und an verschiedenen Orten: der Französischen Revolution, der Haitianischen Revolution, der Mexikanischen Revolution und der Russischen Revolution unter Stalin sowie dem Aufbau der DDR. An der ursprünglichen Fassung von »Das Licht auf dem Galgen« von 1948 lässt sich zeigen, dass Seghers in schier unlösbare Schwierigkeiten mit dem Problem der »Gründungsgewalt« geriet, d.h. Legitimitätsparadoxie jeder Staatsgründung.
El análisis del discurso en la investigación social
Authors: Lara Romero Gladys
Published: August 2020

Este escrito propone una dinámica general del estudio textual centrada en la enunciación, y establece relaciones con categorías de la sociología del lenguaje (contexto de situación, registro, código),la sociología (habitus, campo) y de la semiótica de la cultura (semiosfera, cultura, texto, código), con el objetivo de describir, explicar e interpretar los discursos, concebiéndolos como objetivaciones. El recorrido teórico y metodológico formulado en esta propuesta contribuye a la busqueda de articulación entre las disciplinas encargadas de la observación, la reflexión y la interpretación comprensiva de las acciones sociales.
Interactions between adsorbents and adsorbates in aqueous solutions
Authors: Wu Zhijian , Ye Xiushen , Liu Haining , Zhang Huifang , Liu Zhong , Guo Min , Li Quan , Li Jun
Published: August 2020

Adsorption is one of the most widely used processes in physicochemical operations. To design an adsorbent for a specific adsorbate, it is important to understand the interactions between adsorbents and adsorbates, which are very important for both adsorption capacity and selectivity. Electrostatic interactions, hydrogen bonding, hydrophobic interactions, complexation, and precipitation are comprehensively discussed. Adjusting solution pH and ionic strength is an effective method to improve the adsorption, especially when electrostatic and hydrophobic interactions are main interactions. With the increase in ionic strength, the hydrophobic interactions between adsorbents and adsorbates increase, while the electrostatic interactions decrease.
Real-time in-situ 1H NMR of reactions in peptide solution: preaggregation of amyloid-β fragments prior to fibril formation
Authors: Okamura Emiko , Aki Kenzo
Published: August 2020

In-situ analytical methods are essential for the reliable observation of peptide reactions without perturbation of the system. In this work, a real-time in-situ NMR analysis was performed to gain insight into the initial stage of the aggregation of amyloid-beta (Aβ) 8–25 monomers, S8GY10EVHHQKLVFF20AEDVG25, in solution prior to the fibril formation. NMR chemical shift and intensity changes in combination with the CD spectra revealed no changes in Aβ secondary structure, but the presence of soluble, oligomeric intermediates followed by the appearance of insoluble and non-structured aggregates before β-fibril formation. Molecular views of intermediates and aggregation mechanisms were proposed in comparison with NMR spectral changes in wild-type Aβ 8–25 and its two mutants, A21G and E22G. The mutation of just one amino acid modified the aggregation properties of Aβ 8–25; it slowed or accelerated the fibril formation by controlling the progress of conversion from monomer to aggregate via a soluble, small oligomer.
Decomposition Moisture—The Hidden Reactive Constituent in Coal
Authors: Riley John T. , Marsh Mason , Darling Adam
Published: August 2020

When coals are heated to temperatures of 200°C–250°C, moisture from the decomposition of organic materials, such as humic acids, is driven off. This moisture is decomposition moisture. Very little information is known about decomposition moisture, and there are no known examples of the quantification of this type of moisture in coal. The amount of decomposition moisture in coal is assumed to be relatively small. Recent studies involving the rapid drying of coal have shown that moisture that evolves around 200°C plays a significant role in the determination of the volatile matter yields of most ranks of coal. It is assumed that this moisture is decomposition moisture. A series of experiments were performed to study this moisture, including how to identify and quantify it. Analytical techniques including thermogravimetric analysis, derivative thermogravimetry, and carbon and hydrogen analysis were employed in the study. All these techniques were needed to quantify the decomposition moisture evolved from various ranks of coal. The decomposition moisture in the coals studied ranged from 0.03 to 2.07 %.
177Lu-DOTATATE therapy in metastatic/inoperable pheochromocytoma-paraganglioma
Authors: Jaiswal Sanjeet Kumar , Sarathi Vijaya , Memon Saba Samad , Garg Robin , Malhotra Gaurav , Verma Priyanka , Shah Ravikumar , Sehemby Manjeet Kaur , Patil Virendra A , Jadhav Swati , Lila Anurag Ranjan , Shah Nalini S , Bandgar Tushar R
Published: August 2020

Introduction:

177Lu-DOTATATE-based peptide receptor radionuclide therapy (PRRT) is a promising therapy for metastatic and/or inoperable pheochromocytoma and paraganglioma (PPGL). We aim to evaluate the efficacy and safety of and identify predictors of response to 177Lu-DOTATATE therapy in metastatic and/or inoperable PPGL.

Methods:

This retrospective study involved 15 patients of metastatic or unresectable PPGL, who received 177Lu-DOTATATE PRRT therapy. Clinical, biochemical (plasma-free normetanephrine), and radiological (anatomical and functional) responses were compared before and after the last therapy.

Results:

A total of 15 patients (4 PCC, 4 sPGL, 5 HNPGL, 1 PCC + sPGL, 1 HNPGL + sPGL) were included. The median duration of follow up was 27 (range: 11–62) months from the start of PRRT. Based on the RECIST (1.1) criteria, progressive disease was seen in three (20%), stable disease in eight (53%), partial response in one (7%), and minor response in three (20%) and controlled disease in 12 (80%). On linear regression analysis the presence of PGL (P= 0.044) and baseline SUVmax >21 (P < 0.0001) were significant positive predictors of early response to PRRT. Encouraging safety profiles were noted with no long term nephrotoxicity and hematotoxicity.

Conclusion:

177Lu-DOTATATE therapy is an effective and safe modality of treatment for patients with metastatic/inoperable PPGL. Although it is not prudent to withhold PRRT in metastatic PPGL with baseline SUVmax < 21, baseline SUVmax >21 can be used to predict early response to PRRT.