bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Frequency of Coronary Artery Anomalies in patients undergoing Coronary Angiography.
Authors: Javaid Imran , Akram Muhammad , Amjad Shahbaz , Riaz Rehan , Ehsan Ali , Tariq Ayesha
Published: February 2020

Coronary artery anomalies are abnormalities in coronary arteries by birth (congenital) and involve their anatomy, course and function. They usually occur in association with other congenital cardiac defects. Coronary artery anomalies are usually clinically silent as they do not cause symptoms and are found incidentally but relatively few become evident by causing symptoms. Objectives: Determine the frequency of coronary artery anomalies in patients undergoing coronary angiography. Study Design: Cross sectional study. Setting: Faisalabad Institute of Cardiology, Faisalabad. Period: From July to December 2017. Material & Methods: Demographic information from all the patients was recorded and all of these individuals were undergone coronary angiography. All the collected data was analyzed by SPSS. Results: The mean age of the patients was 43.74 ± 15.35 years, male and female patients were equal in number. In this study coronary anomalies were present in 28(4.06%) patients. Conclusion: Coronary artery anomalies are found quite frequently but usually are incidental finding.
Breast carcinoma: A clinicopathological study of 90 cases.
Authors: Asrar Iram , Usman M. , Javeed Saira , Anwar Ammara , Naseem Nadia , Nagi A.H , Saeed Aysha
Published: February 2020

Objective: To describe the clinicopathological features of breast carcinoma in the local population based on age, menopausal status, laterality, tumor site, tumor size, histological subtype, and histological grading of breast carcinoma. Study Design: Descriptive cross-sectional study. Setting: University of Health Sciences (U.H.S), Lahore. Period: 6 months (June 2017-Dec 2017) after approval from the ethical committee of U.H.S. Material & Methods: In this study, the clinicopathological profile of 90 female patients of breast carcinoma was evaluated from different tertiary care hospitals and U.H.S, Lahore. Histological diagnosis and histological grading was then carried out and were analyzed statistically through SPSS 21.0.  Associations between the histological grade and other parameters were established using the Chi-square test. Results: The mean age of patients was 48.44±11.64 with 33.3% of patients younger than 40 years of age and 58.9% of women were found pre-menopausal. The left breast was more involved (65.6%) than the right side, upper outer quadrant of the breast was the commonest site (64.4%), and the majority of the tumors (76%) were more than 2 cm in size. All 90 cases were histologically diagnosed as invasive carcinoma of no special type (NST). Nottingham histological grade-II was observed as the commonest grade (54.4%) followed by grade- III (31.1%). Histological grade was significantly associated with the tumor size (p-value=0.000, Chi-square value= 29.17). Conclusions: Breast cancer is mostly reported in younger premenopausal women in our region. Delay in the diagnosis is most likely related to larger tumor sizes and moderate to poor histological grades.
Transumblical versus Infraumblical pneumoperitoneum: A comparative study.
Authors: Awan Waseem Sadiq , Farrukh Raza , Balqees Umme , Hassan Khan Ahmed , Aziz Jillani Ahmed , Mahmood Khalid
Published: February 2020

Objectives: In Laparoscopic surgery placement of primary port is an important step and is often associated with complications. Our objective is to compare the merits and demerits like safety, efficacy of the site, time of entry of the port, per-operative and post-operative complications of infrumbilical (IU) with transumbilical (TU) approach for placement of this port. So on the basis of best clinical evidence get a clinical direction for a better site for placement of primary port. Study Design: A prospective randomized controlled trial of 238 patients. Setting: Surgical unit II of DHQ Hospital/ Sargodha Medical College (University of Sargodha) Sargodha. Period: June 2015 to December 2017. Material & Methods: Patients aged 16-70 years, fit for surgery, under general anesthesia were included in this study after informed consent. Patients who were unfit for general anaesthesia, who were Imuno-compromised, diabetics, CLD, with ascites, patients with suspected malignancy, with previous surgery in the umbilical region like midline laparotomy scar, previous hernia repair in this region were excluded from this study. Permission was sought from and granted by institutional ethical committee. Results: A total number of 238 patients were included. Group A (Trans-Umbilical) and Group B (Infra-Umbilical) contained 119 cases each. There were 147 female and 91 male. (M: F ratio of 1: 1.615). Conclusion: Based on results from this study and previous literature, it may be concluded that Transumbilical (TU) placement of primary port for creation of pneumoperitoneum is superior to infrumbilical (IU) approach.
Residual effects of pesticides on human health as perceived by farmers in Tehsil Faisalabad Sadar, Punjab, Pakistan.
Authors: Rani Aisha , Saghir Aqeela , Usman Sohaib , Mahmood Ch. Khalid , Ali Shoukat
Published: February 2020

Objectives: The aim of this study is to check the farmer’s perception regarding use of chemicals (pesticides, herbicides, fungicides, rodenticides) in vegetables and its effects on human health in peri urban areas of tehsil Faisalabad Saddar. Instead of using organic matter, there is highly preference of fertilizers, pesticides, fungicides, herbicides and rodenticides in order to achieve the high yield and green revolution. Study Design: Prospective, cross-sectional, observational study. Setting: Institute of Agricultural Extension & Rural Development, University of Agriculture Faisalabad. Period: September 2017 to August 2019. Material & Methods: Sample size comprises 128 respondents. From two peri-urban union councils (4 villages, vegetables growing) were selected purposively. While 32 farmers were selected from each village. A pre-tested and well-structured interview schedule was developed for data collection. Result: The results indicated that various diseases were present among farmers due to use of chemicals and residual effects. The diseases were chest pain, damage of liver, diarrhea, dizziness, eye irritation, sleeplessness, dryness of throat, shortness of breath, swelling of skin, fever, hypertension, tiredness and stomach disturbance. Pearson correlation coefficient shows significant and positive relation between age of the respondents and diseases they had P<0.05. More than half 56.3% of the respondents knew that ground water becomes contaminated by the use of chemicals. A vast majority 90.6% of the respondents used to avoid storing of pesticides, fungicides and weedicides. Results also indicated that diseases and adoption of precautionary measures were directly related with lack of awareness. Conclusion: There is dire need to start campaigns through media regarding awareness about harmful effects of residues on human health and organic farming should be preferred over chemicals.
Risk factors for hyperkalemia in cirrhotic patients receiving spironolactone.
Authors: Ullah Khan Tahir , Iqbal Sajjad , Yousuf Muhammad Haroon , Memon Naseer Nazeer , Iqbal Sajid
Published: February 2020

Objectives: To determine the factors those may predict hyperkalemia in cirrhotic patients receiving spironolactone. Study Design: Cross sectional descriptive study. Setting: Medicine Department Shalamar Hospital, Lahore. Period: 15 days from 1st September to 15th September 2017. Materials & Methods: 150 patients with documented liver cirrhosis, receiving spironolactone and fulfilling the inclusion criteria were made part of the study. Five mL blood was drawn in two different vials; 2 mL in EDTA vial to check the prothrombin time (PT) and 3 mL in clotted vial to measure serum potassium, sodium, creatinine, urea, albumin, and bilirubin in serum after centrifugation. Potassium level was measured at baseline (Day-0) and two weeks later after receiving spironolactone. Results: Patients with raised serum creatinine (>1.3 mg/dL) and hyperbilirubinemia (>2.8 mg/dL) were found to have serum potassium more than 5 mmol/L. Increased potassium levels were found in patients receiving high dosage of spironolactone (>100mg/day). These patients had decompensated liver cirrhosis as evident from their child-class C and significant hypoalbuminemia. Conclusion: Decompensated cirrhotic patients with raised serum creatinine, hyperbilirubinemia, hypoalbuminemia and receiving high dosage of spironolactone remain at higher risk of developing hyperkalemia.
MMP-2 levels evaluation and their relationship with breast cancer progression.
Authors: Yaqoob Ifrah , Saeed Muhammad , Azhar Aysha
Published: February 2020

Matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) play significant part in the tumor development, metastasis and invasion by proteolytic degradation of basement membrane and extracellular matrix. Hence MMPs can serve as good biomarkers for carcinoma breast particularly MMP-2 in our population. Objectives: To measure the concentrations of MMP-2 in plasma of breast cancer patients and establishing their correlation with stage and grade of the disease. Study Design: Comparative cross sectional. Setting: Surgery department Madinah Teaching Hospital (MTH) and the Pathology department, The University of Faisalabad (TUF), Faisalabad. Period: 1st August, 2017 to 31st December, 2017. Material & Methods: Only females with diagnosed breast cancer disease along with staging and grading were included in the study. Females with incomplete reports, on chemotherapy or radiotherapy or having other diseases like oral squamous cell carcinoma, rheumatoid arthritis etc were excluded. ELISA kit was applied to measure the concentrations of MMP-2 in plasma of the participants. OD values were calculated at 450 nm by ELISA reader placed at Post Graduate Research Laboratory, The University of Faisalabad, Faisalabad. Data was gathered and results were finalized by using SPSS 22 for statistical assessment. Results: Age of 64(72%) breast cancer patients was within range of 30-76yrs and age for 25(28%) healthy females as controls range was 18-70yrs. Difference between ages of cases and controls using t-test was statistically highly significant. Ninety five percent cases showed invasive ductal carcinoma (IDC) as histological type. Range of MMP-2 levels in cases was 80-690 ng/mL with mean 451.02 while range of MMP-2 levels in controls was 65-830ng/mL with mean 329.72 showing statistically significant difference. Relationship of different groups of MMP-2 levels in cases with stages of breast cancer was established using chi-square test which was statistically significant, stage IIB (37.5%) and IIIA (34.4%) tumors showed higher values of MMP-2. Relationship between MMP-2 levels, grade, tumor size and node invasion was nonsignificant statistically. Conclusion: MMP-2 levels were raised in cases in comparison to healthy controls. Age of majority patients was > 45 yrs while the invasive ductal carcinoma was the main histological type. MMP-2 levels were associated with stage of the disease.
Depression and anxiety Post Total Abdominal Hysterectomy with bilateral salpingo-oophorectomy.
Authors: Khan Sarosh , Khan Sheema , Channa Shehla Raza , Bawany Muhammad Adnan
Published: February 2020

Objectives: To determine the frequency and severity of depression and anxiety in patients who had undergone total abdominal hysterectomy with bilateral salpingo-oophorectomy. Study Design: A cross-sectional study. Setting: Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Isra University Hospital, Hyderabad, Sindh. Period: From 14th January 2015 to 14th January 2016. Material & Methods: Total 136 women were included in the study that had undergone total abdominal hysterectomy along with bilateral salpingo-oophorectomy. Women who had an obstetrical hysterectomy, vaginal hysterectomy, subtotal hysterectomy, hysterectomized women with pre-existing depression and psychosis and women who did not agree to participate were excluded. Anxiety and depression were labelled along with severity as per operational definition using Zung self-rating depression and Zung self-rating anxiety scale and were analyzed by using SPSS 11.0. Result: Majority of the women were married (88.2%), educated (66.9%), and grand multiparous (46.3%). Commonest age group was more than 40 years (29.4%). Anxiety was present in 27.2% whereas depression was seen in 32.4% women. Conclusion: There was a highly significant association of age, parity and level of education with anxiety as well as depression. Majority of the women suffered from mild to moderate level of anxiety and depression.
Frequency of H. Pylori infection in children with recurrent abdominal pain at a Tertiary Care Hospital.
Authors: Khurshid Asim , Ishaq Shahid , Ahmad Mushtaq
Published: February 2020

Objectives: Recurrent abdominal pain (RAP) impacts quality of life of the children. RAP also hampers education and physical activity of the children. Current study was aimed to find out the frequency of Helicobacter pylori in children with RAP in our tertiary care hospital. Study Design: Descriptive, cross-sectional study. Setting:  Department of Pediatric Medicine, Nishtar Hospital, Multan, Period: From 27-12-2017 to 26-06-2018. Material & Methods: A total of 185 patients suffering from RAP, aged 2-12 years, with a disease duration > 3 months, were enrolled. Age of the children, gender, duration of illness, number of episodes of pain, maternal literacy, family income, residential status, source of drinking water and h.pylori infection were calculated in these children. Post stratification chi-square test was applied to see its effect on H. Pylori infection. Results: Of these 185 study cases, 101 (54.6 %) were male patients while 84 (45.4%) were female. Mean age of our study cases was 7.57 ± 1.93 years. Of A total of 95 (51.4%) children belonged to rural areas and 90 (48.6 %) to urban areas. Helicobacter pylori infection was noted in 103 (55.7%) of our study cases. When helicobacter pylori  was stratified with regards to study variables, male gender, age < 8 years, monthly family income <Rs. 35000, source of drinking water as Hand Pump and disease duration < 6 months turned out to be statistically significant (P value < 0.05). Conclusion: Frequency of H.pylori was high in children with RAP. Helicobacter pylori was significantly associated with male gender, younger age, poor socioeconomic status, source of drinking water and disease duration.
Disputes over the autonomy of Vojvodina from the creation to the breakup of Yugoslavia
Authors: Bjelica Slobodan
Published: February 2020

The so-called anti-bureaucratic revolution in Vojvodina in 1988 was usually seen as an introduction to the breakup of the Socialist Federative Republic of Yugoslavia, and in fact represented the end of decades-long disputes over Vojvodina’s autonomy. The aim of this paper is to present to the scientific public the genesis and course of the disputes over the autonomy of Vojvodina, which ended in the wake of the breakup of Yugoslavia. This synthesized work is the result of years of research in the Novi Sad and Belgrade archives and literature mostly written by contemporary witnesses.
Prilog proučavanju životnog standarda i društvenog položaja radnika uoči privredne reforme 1965.
Authors: Dobrivojević Tomić Ivana
Published: February 2020

Priređeni dokument govori o položaju radnika u Jugoslaviji 1964. godine. Posebna pažnja je posvećena niskim zaradama, lošim životnim uslovima, slaboj i neredovnoj ishrani i sveopštoj štednji koja je činila sastavni život radničke svakodnevice u Jugoslaviji. Vlajko Begović, autor ovog izveštaja, ulazio je u radničke kuće i razgovarao sa radnicima beležeći veliko nezadovoljstvo prilikama u zemlji i rastućim socijalnim razlikama, kao i pesimizam da će se u bliskoj budućnosti promeniti položaj najsiromašnijeg dela radništva. Autor se osvrnuo i na (ne)funkcionisanje samoupravljanja po jugoslovenskim preduzećima, podvojenosti radnika i službenika i napore da se, najčešće prekvalifikacijom, pošto-poto „pobegne“ iz radničke klase.
The Balkan policy of Turkey in connection with the Kosovo crisis in 1998-1999
Authors: Mamedov Ilgar
Published: February 2020

Turkey’s involvement in the bombing of Yugoslavia in 1999 was caused by the need to reinforce Turkey’s influence in the Western community, safeguard its regional interests, and support the election campaign. Turkey tried to correlate its policy with that of the West. However, the fundamental interests of Turkey and the West did not coincide. This was “Turkey’s Balkan Dilemma”.
Was Tito's Yugoslavia not totalitarian?
Authors: Mihaljević Josip , Miljan Goran
Published: February 2020

This paper is a response to an article “Was Tito’s Yugoslavia totalitarian?” published in the journal Communist and Post-Communist Studies 47 (2014). The two authors indicate the inadequate theoretical framework and untenable interpretations made by Flere and Klanjšek, who provided a distorted picture of former Yugoslav society and the position of an individual in it. Their reduced theory of totalitarianism combined with their simplified interpretations served their aim of proving that the system established by the Yugoslav communists was not totalitarian nor did it strive to become one. Flere and Klanjšek’s main argument for the absence of totalitarianism is that of a federal state concept of Yugoslavia, which is not in correlation with contemporary understanding of totalitarianism. By deconstructing their arguments, this article argues for a more elaborated and up-to-date conceptual understanding of Tito’s Yugoslavia and its relation to the concept of totalitarianism.
Bjelovarska pobuna u Aprilskom ratu 1941. godine
Authors: Miletić Marko
Published: February 2020

U članku se na osnovu neobjavljene arhivske građe iz Vojnog arhiva u Beogradu, objavljenih izvora koji se čuvaju u hrvatskim arhivima, relevantne memoarske i istoriografske literature, prikazuje atmosfera u društvu Kraljevine Jugoslavije, s naglaskom na Bjelovar. Posebna pažnja je posvećena analizi izvođenja mobilizacije jedinica Slavonske divizije i rekonstrukciji toka pobune njenih pešadijskih pukova u vreme Aprilskog rata 1941. godine.
The ideocratic state and national identity: the Serbian experience in the 20th century
Authors: Nikolić Kosta
Published: February 2020

Since the end of the second decade of the 21st century the Serbian people have been living on the ruins of Yugoslavia. In this country, formed over a century ago, the Serbs were united for the first time in their history, yet they gambled it away. How did this happen? While some interpretations emphasize the role of individuals, others give prevalence to structural elements. As a potential link between the two, this paper examines the influence different ideologies had on the creation of the Serbian identity in the 20th century and scrutinizes the role of these ideocratic tendencies in the process of nation building and state formation, as well as its integration and disintegration.
Pogranični promet Jugoslavije i Albanije i dvovlasnička imanja 1945-1948.
Authors: Slavković Mirić Božica
Published: February 2020

Na osnovu arhivske građe i stručne literature rad analizira pogranični promet i problem dvovlasničkih imanja Jugoslavije i Albanije tokom 1945–1948. Ove dve države uspostavile su intenzivnu ekonomsku saradnju nakon Drugog svetskog rata. Kao bitno pitanje istaknuto je rešavanje odnosa duž jugoslovensko-albanske granice. Potpisan je Sporazum o pograničnom prometu 1945, a nakon posete Envera Hodže Jugoslaviji sredinom 1946. ukinuta je carinska granica i izjednačene su valute. Probleme oko dvovlasničkih imanja rešavala je mešovita albansko-jugoslovenska komisija. Ipak, svi započeti projekti i rešavana pitanja bili su prekinuti albanskim prihvatanjem Rezolucije Informbiroa u junu 1948, nakon čega je jugoslovensko-albanska granica bila zatvorena.
Mass shootings in Kragujevac during and after World War II (1941-1945). Testimonies and memorization
Authors: Tomanić Boris
Published: February 2020

From the beginning of World War II, mass and continuous shootings were carried out in Kragujevac, a city in central Serbia. First, German soldiers executed over 2,790 civilians in Šumarice on October 1941. Later, in November of the same year, the German authorities formed the Metino Brdo camp, where partisan fighters and civilians were tortured, killed, and deported until June of 1942. Then, the German soldiers murdered hundreds of civilians in retaliation near the Military Technical Institute in Kapislana, from the autumn of 1942 until the autumn of 1943. After the liberation of Serbia in the autumn of 1944, the Communist authorities started with executions of ideological and political enemies on Metino Brdo and Kapislana. In this article, we will attempt to perceive this issue from a new angle, by analyzing archival materials, testimonies and memories of survivors, recent relevant literature, and relying on other disciplines close to historiography.
Ustaša crimes, Serbian victims, numbers and politics: toward a rational debate
Authors: Trifković Srdja
Published: February 2020

The number of Serbs who were murdered by the Croatian Ustaša regime is still contentious, even though there is broad agreement on the figures among expert historians. The issue is blurred by authors who ignore the canon of scientific discovery. Ustaša terror was awful enough, the author argues. Distorted numbers trivialize debate and degrade the victims.
Evaluation of Tuberous Sclerosis Complex Patients
Authors: KARALÖK Zeynep Selen , GÜVEN Alev , ALTAN Hüsniye , ÖZTÜRK Zeynep , CEYLAN Nesrin , GÜRKAŞ Esra
Published: February 2020

Aim: Tuberous sclerosis complex (TSC) is a multisystem genetic, autosomal-dominant disorder predisposing to multiple organ manifestations. The aim of this study is to determine TSC the frequency of findings including diagnostic and non-diagnostic criteria.Patients and Metod: Thirty-five patients diagnosed with tuberous sclerosis complex were examined retrospectively. The diagnosis of the patients were evaluated according to the diagnostic criteria of TSC that were updated in 2012. As non-diagnostic criteria, we reviewed epilepsy, drug-resistant epilepsy, electroencephalography (EEG) types (focal, diffuse-multifocal and hypsarrhythmia) and TAND (TSC-associated neuropsychiatric disorders) (intellectual disability and/or autism and learning disability).Results: Twenty-one cases (60%) presented with seizures, 9 cases (26%) with hypopigmented patches and 5 cases (14%) with cardiac rhabdomyomas. The most common finding with brain magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) was cortical tubers (85%). EEG examinations revealed diffuse and multifocal epileptic disorder in 5 (24%), focal epileptic disorder in 8 (38%), and hypsarrhythmia in 8 (38%) patients. 38% of the patients with epilepsy were diagnosed with refractory epilepsy. Severe intellectual disability and / or autism were detected in 11 (32%) patients. The number of patients with renal angiomyolipoma (p:0.001) were significantly higher in drug resistant epilepsy patients and also TSC-associated neuropsychiatric disorders (TAND) (p:0.001) rate was significantly higher in epilepsy patients.Conclusion: The disease should be followed with a multidisciplinary approach. Although not included in the diagnostic criteria, it should be kept in mind that epilepsy, intellectual disability and neuropsychiatric disorders frequently accompany.
Pelatihan Pengolahan Air Dalam Mengatasi Krisis Air Bersih
Authors: Natsir Muh. Fajaruddin , Selomo Makmur , Asfar Muh.
Published: February 2020

Kelurahan Untia terletak  di wilayah timur Makassar dan sering mengalami krisis air bersih. Selain itu, masalah yang lain adalah rendahnya kualitas air sumur gali yang merupakan sumber air utama dari masyarakat Kelurahan Untia. Tujuan kegiatan ini adalah untuk memberikan pelatihan kepada masyarakat di Kelurahan Untia dalam pengolohan air. Kegiatan pengabdian dilakukan dimulai dengan tahap persiapan, sosialisasi, pelatihan pengolahan air, dan pendampingan pembuatan alat pengolahan air bersih. Hasil kegiatan pengabdian ini adalah meningkatnya pengetahuan masyarakat (p = 0,000< 0,05) mengenai  pengolahan air sebelum penyuluhan dengan sesudah penyuluhan.Selain itu dihasilkan contoh alat pengolahan air bersih yang di pasang di masjid Nurul Hijrah.
Pembangkit Listrik Tenaga Surya Untuk Mengatasi Krisis Energi Ketika Musim Kemarau
Authors: Asral Asral , Fatra Warman , Yasri Indra , Candra Feri
Published: February 2020

Desa Batu Sanggan terletak jauh ke arah hulu sungai Sebayang Kecamatan Kampar Kiri Hulu provinsi Riau dan  hanya bisa ditempuh dengan perahu. Kondisi ini  menyebabkan desa tersebut sulit  dijangkau untuk pengembangan jaringan oleh Perusahaan Listrik Negara. Namun di desa tersebut banyak tersedia energi panas matahari. Teknologi pemanfaatan energi matahari menjadi energi listrik layak untuk diaplikasikan guna mengatasi permasalahan. Sejak 15 tahun lalu dikembangkan pembangkit listrik tenaga matahari sekarang dalam keadaan rusak. Kerusakan disebabkan kurang memahami perawatan dan tata cara operasional pembangkit listrik. Tujuan utama kegiatan pengabdian adalah untuk menerapkan teknologi pembangkit listrik tenaga surya dan perawatan dalam rangka mengatasi krisis energi di desa Batu Sanggan. Pemasangan, perawatan dan perbaikan pembangkit dilakukan dengan mengajarkan masyarakat agar bertanggung jawab untuk operasional selanjutnya. Pergantian komponen seperti baterai, charger, inverter dan perawatan pada solar sel dan jaringan kabel listrik telah dilakukan. Disamping itu juga diberikan pemahaman tentang prosedur perawatan dan pengoperasian pembangkit kepada masyarakat. Kegiatan ini telah berhasil memperbaiki dan memfungsikan kembali pembangkit listrik tenaga surya di tempat fasilitas umum, yaitu sekolah, posyandu dan tempat ibadah.
Pembuatan Silase Berbahan Dasar Biomas Tanaman Jagung
Authors: Sayuti Muhammad , Ilham Fahrul , Erwin Nugroho Tri Ananda
Published: February 2020

Silase merupakan hijauan makanan ternak yang diawetkan dengan cara disimpan dalam silo anaerob. Pengabdian Pada Masyarakat (PPM) ini dilakukan di Desa Timbuolo Tengah Kecamatan Botupinge Provinsi Gorontalo dengan tujuan menambah pengetahuan dan keterampilan warga desa membuat pakan awetan silase. Metode yang digunakandemonstrasi dan eksperimen yaitu pemberian teori dan simulasi kepada mitra sasaran, dilanjutkan dengan praktek pembuatan silase. Lama kegiatan sejak pemberian teori hingga proses fermentasi selesai adalah 21 hari. Evaluasi kualitas produk silase berdasarkan penampilan fisik, kimia, dan respon ternak sapi yang diberi silase.Evaluasi perilaku mitra diketahui melalui respon yang diberikan selama proses pelatihan maupun setelah kegiatan pengabdian dilaksanakan. Berdasarkan hasil pengamatan terhadap respon mitra sejak awal hingga berakhirnya kegiatan pengabdian,pelatihan pembuatan silase berhasil menambah pengetahuan dan keterampilan peternak sapi di Desa Timbuolo Tengah. Kualitasfisik silase yang dihasilkan cukup baik ditandai dengan bau wangi sedikit asam, rasa sedikit asam dan agak manis, warna hijau kekuningan, tekstur kering dan terasa empuk, pH 4.09. Silase yang diberi starter EM-4 selama fermentasi memiliki kualitas kimia yang lebih baik dibandingkan dengan tanpa pemberian starter dengan kandungan protein 8,34% dan serat kasar 26,94%. Respon ternak yang diberi silase cukup baik.Silase sebaiknya diangin-anginkan terlebih dahulu sebelum diberikan ke ternak sapi dan pemberiannya dilakukan secara bertahap hingga ternak sapi dapat menyukai sepenuhnya.
Inisiasi Pengembangan dan Pendampingan Peternakan Sapi Secara Terpadu di Kelompok Ternak Sapi Kandang Kalimasodo
Authors: Ngadiyono Nono , Suparta Budisatria I Gede , Baliarti Endang , Panjono Panjono , Mastuti Widi Tri Satya , Eko Yulianto Muhammad Danang , Atmoko Bayu Andri
Published: February 2020

Kelompok ternak sapi “Kandang Kalimasodo” terbentuk pada tahun 2015 sebagai upaya peternak rakyat dalam merintis agro industry peternakan dan pertanian organic secara terpadu di Desa Karangdukuh, Jogonalan, Klaten. Kendala utama kelompok tersebut adalah masih minimnya pengetahuan mengenai pengolahan pupuk organic dari limbah ternak, pengolahan pakan ternak, dan pemeliharaan sapi yang efisien serta belum adanya adopsi teknologi pada system usaha peternakan rakyat yang masih bersifat tradisional. Kegiatan pengabdian ini bertujuan untuk membentuk kawasan sentra peternakan sapi rakyat, meningkatkan pengetahuan dan keterampilan beternak sapi potong secara terpadu dengan pertanian organik, peningkatan efisiensi dan kemandirian penyediaan pakan melalui transfer teknologi pengolahan pakan dan pengolahan limbah. Kegiatan pengabdian dilakukan melalui pendampingan dan pelatihan membuat jerami fermentasi, pupuk organic kompos dan pengobatan ternak. Hasil kegiatan menunjukkan anggota kelompok ternak Kandang Kalimasodo berpartisipasi aktif dan memiliki kemauan untuk belajar mengenai manajemen budidaya sapi potong, memiliki kemampuan untuk membut jerami fermentasi dan pupuk organic cair dan padat secara mandiri. Produktivitas sapi yang dipelihara sudah cukup baik, sehingga perlu pendampingan secara terus menerus kepada peternak dalam menjalankan usaha peternakan sapi potong.
Pencegahan dan Pengendalian Hipertensi dan Asam Urat Ringan Melalui Tanaman Obat Keluarga (TOGA)
Authors: Sammulia Suci Fitriani , Suhaera Suhaera
Published: February 2020

Hipertensi merupakan faktor resiko penyakit yang sangat berbahaya. Pengobatan jangka panjang yang dilakukan untuk mengontrol tekanan darah dan kadar asam urat akan menyebabkan masalah farmakologis yang berdampak buruk kepada penderita. Berdasarkan uraian tersebut maka perlu dilakukan sosialisasi tentang cara mengendalikan hipertensi dan asam urat melalui penggunaan tanaman obat keluarga. Tujuan dari kegiatan ini yaitu untuk memberikan pengetahuan kepada ibu-ibu majelis taklim tentang pentingnya mengendalikan hipertensi dan asam urat dengan  menggunakan tanaman obat keluarga; memberikan pengetahuan tentang  jenis tanaman obat keluarga yang dapat digunakan untuk mengendalikan hipertensi dan asam urat ringan. Metode yang digunakan adalah  penyuluhan langsung artinya para petugas langsung bertatap muka dengan masyarakat. Hasil yang didapatkan menunjukkan bahwa, pengetahuan peserta mengenai jenis-jenis dan manfaat tanaman obat sanga ttinggi (90%). Pengetahuan untuk menanam, membudidayakan, dan meracik tanaman obat sebagai pencegahan penyakit Hipertensi dan asam urat ringan juga sangat tinggi (80%).
Penyuluhan dan Workshop Obat Nyamuk Sintetis dan Alami Sebagai Tindakan Pencegahan DBD
Authors: Sahamastuti Agnes Anania Triavika , Siratan Elsabda , Leonard Theodore Ebenezer , Tjugianto Gisella Edny , Hartiadi Leonny Yulita , Agusta Istiqomah
Published: February 2020

Selama bulan Januari-Februari 2016, Jakarta Timur menduduki peringkat kedua dalam jumlah penderita DBD. Hal ini diperkirakan karena kurangnya partisipasi masyarakat dalam pemberantasan sarang nyamuk dan menjaga sanitasi. Hingga saat ini, masyarakat umum menggunakan obat pengusir nyamuk untuk menghindari gigitan nyamuk. Namun penggunaan pengusir nyamuk sintetis dengan cara yang salah dan dalam jangka waktu lama dapat berdampak buruk terhadap kesehatan. Kegiatan Pengabdian Masyarakat ini bertujuan untuk meningkatkan pengetahuan masyarakat mengenai bahaya penggunaan obat pengusir nyamuk sintetis dan pemberian solusi melalui bahan alamiah berkhasiat mengusir nyamuk. Kegiatan ini dilakukan di wilayah RW 11, Pulomas Barat, DKI Jakarta dengan melibatkan kelompok ibu PKK dan Jumantik (Jumat Bebas Jentik) dan dihadiri oleh 37 orang partisipan. Hasil evaluasi menunjukkan bahwa pengetahuan para partisipan mengenai bahaya obat nyamuk sintetis beserta cara pembuatan obat nyamuk alami meningkat setelah penyuluhan. Data mengenai tingkat penggunaan obat pengusir nyamuk di daerah warga juga berhasil diperoleh. Para partisipan dilatih membuat lotion pengusir nyamuk dari bahan alami diakhir kegiatan. Kegiatan ini diharapkan dapat meningkatkan kesadaran masyarakat untuk berpartisipasi aktif dalam menurunkan angka kejadian penyakit DBD dengan memanfaatkan bahan-bahan alami yang terjangkau dan mudah diperoleh.
Meningkatkan Peran Serta Masyarakat Dalam Upaya Menurunkan Peningkatan Penyakit Tidak Menular (PTM)
Authors: Nopriyanto Dwi , Aminuddin Muhammad , Samsugito Iwan , Puspasari Rita , Ruminem Ruminem , Syukmana Mayusef
Published: February 2020

Meningkatnya kejadian PTM merupakan permasalahan yang banyak terjadi di area Asia Tenggara, serta diprediksi terus meningkat pada tahun 2030, dan  menjadi penyebab kematian tertinggi di Indonesia, dimana 64% sebagian besar disebabkan oleh penyakit kardiovaskuler, hipertensi dan diabetes melitus. Strategi pemberdayaan masyarakat digunakan untuk merubah perilaku masyarakat dalammenurunkan masalah penyakit PTM seperti hipertensi dan diabetes melitus.Kegiatan Program Kemitraan Masyarakat melibatkan kelompok  masyarakat di 10 RT yang berada di Kelurahan Sambutan, dan berkoordinasi dengan pihak Puskesmas Sambutan.  Metode pemecahan masalah diantaranya (1) Survey dengan cara melakukan screening pemeriksaan kesehatan, (2) Pendidikan masyarakat untuk meningkatkan pengetahuan melalui penyuluhan, dan (3) Pelatihan dengan melakukan demonstrasi untuk meningkatkan keterampilan. Hasil pengabdian kepada masyarakat ini menunjukkan dari 242 orang, teridentifikasi sekitar 103 orang (42,5 %) mengalami penyakit hipertensi, 66 orang (27,3 %) teridentifikasi gejalan diabetes melitus sampai dengan teridentifikasi menderita diabetes melitus. Penyuluhan kesehatan yang dilakukan dapat meningkatkan pengetahuan dan meningkatkan wawasan bagi masyarakat tentang penyakit tidak menular dan diharapkan menjadi awal untuk meningkatkan kesadaran masyarakat dengan berperilaku hidup sehat di kelurahan Sambutan kota Samarinda.
Aplikasi Strategi Intervensi Melalui Proses Kelompok Dalam Penatalaksanaan Stres Pada Lansia Jawa
Authors: Aryati Dyah Putri , Widyastuti Rita Hadi
Published: February 2020

Lansia sangat rentan mengalami gangguan psikologis berupa stres. dan memiliki  dampak negatif bagi kesehatan lansia. Oleh sebab itu perawat komunitas harus memberikan strategi intervensi yang tepat untuk membantu menurunkan tingkat stres dan perubahan koping lansia. Dalam pemberian asuhan keperawatan, perawat harus memperhatikan budaya lansia khususnya lansia Jawa. Kegiatan ini bertujuan untuk menurunkan tingkat stres lansia Jawa di RW 5 dan RW 6 di Kelurahan Pudakpayung Semarang serta membantu merubah koping lansia negatif menjadi koping  positif. Metode yang digunakan dalam kegiatan ini adalah mediasi yaitu  membentuk kelompok lansia Jawa yang mengalami stres. Intervensi yang dipilih adalah terapi musik campursari dan supportive group therapy. Hasil dari pemberian intervensi menunjukkan adanya penurunan tingkat stres dan perubahan koping pada lansia Jawa di RW 5 dan RW 6 Kelurahan Pudakpayung Semarang.
Wisata Edukasi Berbasis Energi Terbarukan Sel Surya
Authors: Hardani Dian Nova Kusuma , Kurniawan Itmi Hidayat , Winarso Winarso
Published: February 2020

Kegiatan ini bertujuan untuk memberdayakan masyarakat untuk mewujudkan kemandirian dan kesejahteraan melalui  optimalisasi potensi masyarakat berupa sumber daya yang ada. Kegiatan ini juga membantu meningkatkan konsidi social ekonomi warga, serta mempermudah akses terhadap informasi dan ilmu pengetahuan. Kelompok sasaran dari kegiatan ini adalah Desa Wisata Pagak yang dikelola oleh BUMDes dan Pokdarwis Desa Pagak. Metode yang digunakan dalam menyelesaian pemasalahan mitra antara lain melalui pendidikan masyarakat, difusi ipteks, pelatihan, dan advokasi. Hasil kegiatan ini adalah adanya  sistem pembangkit tenaga listrik surya sebagai bentuk pemanfaatan potensi energy matahari untuk wisata edukasi sekaligus dapat digunakan untuk penerangan di area Desa Kitiran Rawa Lutung.
HUBUNGAN FAKTOR SOSIAL EKONOMI KELUARGA, POLA KONSUMSI PANGAN DAN RIWAYAT PENYAKIT INFEKSI DENGAN KEJADIAN KURANG ENERGI KRONIS PADA IBU HAMIL DI KECAMATAN OEBOBO KOTA KUPANG
Authors: Astuti Anastasia Tri
Published: February 2020

ABSTRACT BackgroundChronic energy deficiency (CED) in pregnancy has been widely known to have a negative impact on the mother and the fetus it contains. The most prominent negative impact is the increased risk of maternal and infant deaths during childbirth. CED in pregnant women can be caused by an imbalance of nutritional intake and infectious diseases. The aim of this research is to know and analyze the correlation between family socioeconomic factors (age, education, occupation, income, number of family members, family support), food consumption pattern (food type, food quantity, feeding frequency, food prohibition) and history of infectious diseases CED events in pregnant women. Research methodsThe type of research used is observational analytic research with cross sectional design. Sampling in total sampling with a sample size of 72 respondents. The instrument used is questionnaire and 24 hour food recall format. Data analysis was done in three stages: univariate analysis, bivariate analysis with chi square analysis method, multivariate analysis with multiple logistic regression analysis method. ResultsThe results of the study based on bivariate analysis showed that the variables associated with CED occurrence in pregnant women were education with p = 0,001 (p <0,05), job with p value = 0,000 (p <0,05), income with p value = 0,000 (P <0,05), p = 0,000 (p <0,05), p = 0,000 (p <0,05), food consumption with p = 0,000 (p <0,05) , 05), and feeding frequency with value p = 0,008 (p <0,05). Multivariate analysis showed that variables associated with CED occurrence in pregnant women were job variable with p value = 0,026. ConclusionThere is a significant correlation between family socioeconomic factors (education, occupation, income, family support) and food consumption pattern (type of food, amount of food consumption and frequency of eating) with CED occurrence in pregnant women. Simultaneously then there is one variable that has a significant relationship with CED occurrence in pregnant women that is work.
QOGISAKI (QUARTED GIZI SEIMBANG MASA KINI) : PERMAINAN EDUKATIF, KOMUNIKATIF DAN INTERAKTIF BERBASIS NUTRITION EDUCATION
Authors: Hapsah Hapsah , Kinanti Anesia Anggun , Hardianti Siti , Yusuf Askar , Amina Amina
Published: February 2020

Secara nasional, ketidakseimbangan nutrisi usia 5-12 tahun (menurut IMT/U) cukup tinggi. Prevalensi kegemukan mencapai 10,7% (laki-laki) & 7,7% (perempuan); 11,2% kurus, 3,9% berat badan lebih (Riset Kesehatan Dasar, 2013). SD Inpres Kera-Kera Makassar memiliki angka underweight (±60 orang) dan obesitas (±10 orang). Kemungkinan penyebab : pola makan kurang sehat akibat tingkat pengetahuan dan kecenderungan mengikuti trend makanan modern yang tinggi gula, garam,  rendah serat dan berlemak tinggi (makanan cepat saji). Permainan Qogisaki (Quarted gizi seimbang masa kini) adalah modifikasi quarted yang edukatif, komunikatif dan interaktif berbasis nutrition education dilakukan pada anak kelas III, IV dan V (74 orang) di SD Inpres Kera-kera Makassar. Kegiatan berupa pretest, penyuluhan gizi seimbang, bermain quarted (FGD), posttest dan evaluasi isi quarted serta puzzle piring makanku. Perubahan ditunjukkan setelah 1 bulan dimana jumlah anak yang sering makan sayuran tiap hari meningkat dari 37 menjadi 52 anak, konsumsi air putih dari 34 menjadi 63 anak, konsumsi minuman manis menurun dari 39 menjadi 10 anak, menyukai makanan kurang sehat menjadi lebih menyukai makanan sehat meningkat (menyukai mie instan menurun dari 11 ke 6 anak, menyukai buah-buahan meningkat dari 29 menjadi 34 anak, tidak suka makan sayur menurun dari 2 menjadi 0 anak). Pengetahuan juga meningkat dari 69,1 menjadi 73,33 poin. Hasil evaluasi isi quarted : 52,4% menjawab semua (5) pertanyaan  dengan benar dengan median skornya adalah 80. Selain itu, 73% responden mampu menyusun menu sehari (menerapkan pedoman gizi seimbang). Qogisaki meningkatkan pengetahuan & memperbaiki perilaku anak dalam pemenuhan nutrisi. Sehingga dapat digunakan sebagai upaya perbaikan gizi anak.Kata Kunci: QOGISAKI, Gizi Lebih, Gizi Kurang
GAMBARAN KEJADIAN KECACINGAN (SOIL TRANSMITTED HELMINTH), ASUPAN VITAMIN B12 DAN VITAMIN C PADA ANAK USIA SEKOLAH DASAR DI KOTA MAKASSAR
Authors: Subair Hardiyanti , Hidayanti Healthy , Salam Abdul
Published: February 2020

Introduction: Worm infections will affect the intake, digestion, absorption, and metabolism of food.Worm infection can cause nutritional deficiencies in the form of calories, protein, and vitamins andblood loss which results in a decrease in endurance and cause disruption to child development.Objective: This study aims to describe the incidence of helminthiasis (soil transmitted helminth),intake of vitamin B12 and vitamin C in primary school-aged children in Makassar City. Materials andMethods: The type of research used is descriptive. Sampling was carried out using proportionalrandom sampling with a sample of 88 people in Makassar City representing the Manggala Districtarea namely SD Borong Jambu III Inpres and SD Inpres Perumnas Antang II / I and Tallo Districtnamely Rappokalling 67  Elementary School and Kaluku Bodoa Inpres Elementary School. Datacollection on children's characteristics was carried out by interviewing questionnaires and intakeusing a 2 × 24 hour food recall method, worm examination performed with the Kato Katz technique.Descriptive analysis was carried out using the SPSS application. Results: A total of 15.9% of childrenhad helminthiasis. Children who were positive for helminthiasis were more prevalent in male sexes,namely (22.9%) aged 10 years as much (17.6%) and living in coastal areas as much (23.3%). VitaminB12 intake showed more children who had more helminthiasis with adequate vitamin B12  intake whichwas as much as (85.7%). Whereas the status of helminthiasis based on vitamin C intake shows thatchildren who are positive have more worms with less vitamin C intake which is as much as (100%).Conclusions and Suggestions: Suggestions for the community, especially mothers and children, tomaintain home environmental sanitation, as well as the importance of consuming nutritious food
PENGARUH REBUSAN KAYU MANIS TERHADAP PERUBAHAN KADAR TRIGLISERIDA PADA PREDIABETES DI KOTA MAKASSAR
Authors: Hudayah Andi Nur , Jafar Nurhaedar , Thaha Ridwan , Hadju Veni , Hidayanti Healthy , Salam Abdul
Published: February 2020

Pendahuluan: Prediabetes merupakan fase sebelum diabetes melitus tetapi jika tidak dicegah dapat menyebabkan komplikasi seperti hipertrigliserida, di Kota Makassar jumlah hipertrigliserida meningkat dari 40,13% tahun 2017 menjadi 43,70%  pada tahun 2018. Tujuan: Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui pengaruh rebusan kayu manis terhadap perubahan kadar trigliserida pada prediabetes di Kota Makassar. Metode: Desain Penelitian  quasi ekserimen. Model rancangan adalah non randomized pre test post test with control group. Sebagai sampel mereka yang mengalami prediabetes dan didapatkan dari hasil skreening di masyarakat. Penelitian ini menggunakan kelompok intervensi (n=14 orang) yaitu yang diberikan rebusan dan edukasi kayu manis, sedangkan  kelompok kontrol (n=14 orang) hanya diberikan edukasi kayu manis. Analisis data menggunakan uji t- paired test untuk mengetahui besar perubahan dan uji t- independent untuk mengetahui besar perbedaan antara kedua kelompok. Hasil: Hasil penelitian menunjukkan sebagian besar sampel  perempuan (89,28%), berumur 51-60 tahun, hampir semuanya obesitas sentral (92,86%), mempunyai riwayat keluarga diabetes melitus (71,43%)  dan pendidikan sebagian besar  perguruan tinggi (42,86%). Hasil uji t berpasangan menunjukkan tidak ada perubahan kadar  trigliserida yang signifikan  sebelum dan sesudah intervensi rebusan kayu manis (p=0,109), demikian juga pada kelompok kontrol  tidak ada perubahan kadar trigliserida sebelum dan sesudah pemberian edukasi (p=0,279).  Terjadi peningkatan pengetahuan yang signifikan (p=0,001) setelah diberikan edukasi pada kelompok intervensi dan kelompok kontrol. Tidak ada perbedaan asupan energi, karbohidrat, protein, lemak dan serat sebelum dan sesudah pemberian rebusan kayu manis (intervensi) dan pemberian edukasi (control). Kesimpulan: Tidak ada perubahan kadar trigliserida yang signifikan sebelum dan sesudah konsumsi rebusan kayu manis pada prediabetes. Untuk penelitian berikutnya diharapkan menambah dosis kayu manis dan pemberiaannya lebih lama agar pemberian rebusan kayu manis efektifitas.
GAMBARAN ASUPAN DAN STATUS GIZI PADA PASIEN RAWAT INAP PENYAKIT TUBERKULOSIS DI RUMAH SAKIT UMUM DAERAH LABUANG BAJI MAKASSAR TAHUN 2018
Authors: Diniari Nalurinita , Virani Devintha , . Citrakesumasari
Published: February 2020

ABSTRAKPendahuluan: Tuberkulosis merupakan penyakit infeksi akibat kuman Mycobacterium yang bersifat sistematis (menyeluruh). Kuman Mycobacterium ini berbentuk batang, mempunyai sifat khusus yaitu tahan asam pada pewarnaan. Tujuan: Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui gambaran asupan dan status gizi pasien rawat inap penyakit tuberkulosis di RSUD Labuang Baji Makassar tahun 2018. Metode: Penelitian ini mengambil data sebanyak 67 rekam medis pasien rawat inap penyakit tuberkulosis. Pendataan rekam medis dimulai dari pencatatan karakteristik pasien hingga asupan dan status gizinya. Data sekunder dianalisis menggunakan distribusi frekuensi. Hasil: Jumlah pasien tuberkulosis terbanyak terdapat pada kelompok usia dewasa akhir 33 pasien (49,3%), jenis kelamin laki-laki 39 pasien (58,2%), status pendidikan SD 21 pasien (31,3%), status pekerjaan tidak bekerja 30 pasien (44,8%), dan pasien keluar rumah sakit dengan keadaan membaik 67 pasien (100%). Pada asupan energi dan zat gizi makro terbanyak pada asupan sedang (80%-99%) 41 pasien (61,2%), pasien yang mengonsumsi suplemen terbanyak yaitu vitamin C dan vitamin K 6 pasien (9%). Konsistensi makanan yaitu konsistensi lunak 34 pasien (50,7%), dan jalur pemberian makanan terbanyak yaitu peroral 67 pasien (100%). Pada status gizi terbanyak yaitu pasien berstatus gizi kurang 36 pasien (53,7%). Penyakit penyerta terbanyak yaitu DM Tipe II 12 pasien (17,9%). Lama perawatan terbanyak pada durasi 7 hari 12 pasien (17,9%) dan durasi terlama adalah 21 hari 1 pasien (1,5%). Kesimpulan: Proporsi asupan terbanyak yaitu asupan sedang (80%-99%) 41 pasien (61,2%), asupan kurang (70%-80%) 23 pasien (34,3%­). Status gizi pasien tuberkulosis terbanyak status gizi kurang 36 pasien (53,7%).
HUBUNGAN ASUPAN ZAT GIZI MAKRO DAN ZAT GIZI MIKRO DENGAN STUNTING PADA ANAK USIA 24-59 BULAN DI WILAYAH KERJA 1 PUSKESMAS KABERE KECAMATAN CENDANA KABUPATEN ENREKANG
Authors: Rahmadani Nur Amaliah , Bahar Burhanuddin , Dachlan Djunaedi M
Published: February 2020

Pendahuluan: Stunting merupakan salah satu masalah gizi yang muncul sebagai salah satumasalah kesehatan di Indonesia. Global Nutrition Report tahun 2014 menunjukkanIndonesia termaksuk dalam 17 negara, di antara 117 negara, yang mempunyai tiga masalahgizi yaitu stunting, wasting dan overweight pada anak. Berdasarkan Hasil Riset KesehatanDasar pada tahun 2018 Sulawesi Selatan berada pada peringkat ke 6 provensi denganprevalensi tinggi dengan presentase 35%. Tujuan: Penelitian ini bertujuan  untukmengetahui hubungan asupan zat gizi makro dan mikro pada anak usia 24-59 bulan diwilayah kerja Puskesmas Kabere Kabupaten Enrekang. Metode: Jenis penelitian yangdigunakan adalah deskriptif analitik dengan rancangan cross sectional. Sampel penelitian  ini adalah balita usia 24-59 bulan. Didapatkan sebanyak 105 sampel. Teknik sampling dalampenelitian ini adalah cara probability sampling menggunakan teknik purposive sampling.Asupan zat gizi makro dan mikro di ukur dengan cara wawancara langsung kepada orangtua. Hasil: Hasil penelitian ini didapatkan bahwa balita 24-59 bulan diwilayah kerja PuskesmasKabere Kecamatan Cendana Kabupaten Enrekang yang mengalami stunting sebanyak 46,7%dan yang normal sebanyak 53,3%. Dalam penelitian ini, didapatkan hasil berdasarkan uji statistikChi-Square bahwa terdapat hubungan yang sgnifikan antara asupan zat gizi makro (Karbohidrat,Protein, Lemak) (p<0,005) dengan stunting, terdapat hubungan yang signifikan antara asupan zat besidan zink (p<0.005), Namun, tidak terdapat hubungan yang signifikan antara asupan kalsium denganvitamin D dengan stunting(p>0.005). Kesimpulan: Terdapat hubungan signifikan antara asupan zatgizi makro serta zat besi dan zink dengan stunting.