bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
EFFECTIVE LEARNING ENVIRONMENTS: IS THERE ALIGNMENT BETWEEN THE IDEAL, THE ACTUAL, AND THE STUDENTS' PERSPECTIVE?
Authors: Nelson Nancy , Brennan Robert
Published: January 2020

The overarching principles of effective educational practice in higher education define the characteristics of an effective learning environment. Institutions of all sizes have demonstrated that it is possible to increase student success and add value to the learners' experiences by applying these principles. This qualitative study explores the alignment between the ideal learning environment, the actual undergraduate engineering experience as defined by engineering educators, and the learners' perspective.

Building on the benchmarks of effective learning environments, students were asked to complete an online survey based on the Stop, Start, Continue method for acquiring formative feedback. Thematic analysis identified five themes: focus on learning, supported instruction, quality of teaching, student engagement, and other related items including academic rigour and strong relationships between students, instructors, and staff.

Students indicate that their primary learning environment is teacher-directed and lecture-based. This is aligned with the current practices identified by engineering educators, but only partially in line with those of an effective learning environment. Coded items indicate that many students have sub-optimal motivational outlooks, but feel their ability to survive and thrive is improved when they are more involved in their learning and are supported in a more student-centred learning environment. They value instructors who provide clear and accurate resources, and who are supportive through actions both in and out of the classroom. Engineering educators can use these insights to better align their teaching practices with the principles and practices of effective learning.
BUILDING PROFESSIONAL COMMUNICATION SKILLS INSIDE AND OUTSIDE FORMAL EDUCATIONAL CONTEXTS: THE CHALLENGES AND OPPORTUNITIES OF ENGINEERING CO-OP PLACEMENTS
Authors: Fabretto Cristina
Published: January 2020

The addition of a co-op component to a traditional academic curriculum creates a unique challenge for those international students who enter the program without a strong command of the English language and with insufficient familiarity with the professional context. This paper investigates that challenge as it relates to the international students enrolled at a Canadian Bachelor of Engineering co-op program. Currently adopted pedagogical practices are reviewed and an argument is introduced for alternative strategies and solutions to be devised so that academic and professional success is attainable for all students.
UNDERGRADUATE WRITING ASSIGNMENTS IN ENGINEERING: TRACKING ATTRIBUTE 7 IN TWO ACCREDITATION CYCLES
Authors: Marcynuk Kathryn , Parker Anne
Published: January 2020

This paper reports on two iterations of our study of course syllabi in the Faculty of Engineering, University of Manitoba. The first iteration was part of a national study investigating the writing demands placed on students in a variety of disciplines, including those in the Social Sciences and the Humanities as well as Engineering. This first iteration followed an accreditation visit and the Faculty’s introduction of the C.E.A.B. graduate attributes and outcome-based assessment. Although one would expect Engineering to have far fewer written assignments than these other disciplines, such was not always the case. For example, the national study captured results for Political.  Science that closely matched those for Mechanical Engineering; Political Science students typically wrote, on average, 2.3 written assignments in year 2 of their program, 2.4 written assignments in year 3, and 4.2 written assignments in year 4, while Mechanical Engineering students wrote 4, 3 and 4.2 written assignments in those same years.

Such a finding suggested that more writing was happening in the Faculty of Engineering than we might realize – and quite apart from that done in the mandatory communication class. So, our second iteration of the study followed another accreditation cycle, but this time we focused solely on the Faculty of Engineering at the University of Manitoba.  In this second iteration, our goal was to refresh the data so that we could clarify how Attribute 7, “communication skills,” is being met in the Faculty of Engineering at the University of Manitoba.
TRANSFERABLE SKILLS: FROM WORK TO SCHOOL
Authors: Ali Haaniyah , Harris Jeffrey
Published: January 2020

The focus of this project is on finding key skills that have been developed and/or transferred to the workplace from previous school experience, and how these relate back to a student’s school term. Following a phenomenological approach, this paper explores three case studies and tracks various skills from their coop term into their school term. The most transferable skills were communication, time management, organization, responsibility and problem solving. Some students also specified skills such as diligence, focus and the need for initiative as vital for a successful work placement. One consistency was that students did not find that their technical skills transferred between terms, but rather that there was far more emphasis and transferability of general skills. Therefore, general skills were the most transferable, both to and from the workplace. Finally, students mentioned the applications of skills to clubs, indicating the importance of extracurriculars in a student’s educational experience.
Robottehnoloģiju ietekme uz veselības aprūpes sistēmu
Authors: Palkova Karina
Published: January 2020

Pēdējos gados gan pasaulē, gan arī Latvijā notiek straujš veselības aprūpes nozares tiesiskās transformācijas process, kas balstīts uz jauno tehnoloģiju ieviešanu veselības aprūpē. Inovatīvās tehnoloģijas ietekmē kā veselības aprūpi kopumā, tā nozares tiesisko regulējumu. Robottehnoloģiju attīstība tiešā veidā atspoguļojas arī iesaistīto pušu – ārstniecības personu un pacientu – tiesiskajās attiecībās. Jaunākās paaudzes pacienti arvien biežāk izmanto veselības aprūpes digitālās priekšrocības, piemēram, e-pierakstu pie ārsta, e-veselības sistēmas pakalpojumus, taču arī pašos ārstniecības procesos arvien vairāk tiek lietotas robottehnoloģijas. Šīs pārmaiņas norāda uz pacientu pašapkalpošanās sistēmas izveides tendenci nozarē un esošā tiesiskā regulējuma problemātiku.  Rakstā sniegts ieskats par tendencēm robottehnoloģiju izmantošanas attīstībā Latvijā un pasaulē. Vienlaikus arī skarts jautājums par jaunas, digitalizētas ēras sākumu veselības aprūpē un ar to saistītu iespējamu tiesisko izmaiņu kopumu.

In recent years worldwide and in Latvia as well legal transformation of healthcare sector has become topical, which is based on the entry of new technologies in health care. Innovative technologies in healthcare affect not only healthcare processes, but also legal regulation issues. The evolution of the robotics era is also directly reflected in the context of legal relationships between patients and medical practitioners. Younger generations are increasingly embracing the digital benefits of healthcare, such as e-registration, the use of e-health, and the use of robotic technology in medical treatment. This indicates a tendency towards the development of a patient self-service system in the sector and the problem of existing regulation. The article provides an insight into the development of robotic technologies in Latvia and worldwide as well. Simultaneously, it provides an insight into emergence of a new era in healthcare and the ensuing set of possible legislative changes.
A importância da ergonomia em unidades de alimentação e nutrição: Uma revisão integrativa
Authors: Dias Glenda Nunes , Aires Isabel Oliveira , Sousa Francisca Rayane Oliveira de , Araújo Marília Cabral , Moura Ana Cláudia Carvalho , Lima Sueli Maria Teixeira , Moura Menêzes Jaudimar Vieira , Da Silva Meiryangela Sousa , Revoredo Camila Maria Simplício
Published: January 2020

Objetivo: Avaliar a importância da ergonomia em unidades de alimentação e nutrição. Metodologia: Revisão integrativa da literatura realizada nas bases de dados Literatura Latino-Americana e do Caribe em Ciências da Saúde (LILACS) e na Scientific Electronic Library Online (SciELO). Selecionou-se 06 artigos disponíveis entre 2014 a 2018, os quais foram agrupados em quadro e discutidos com base na literatura. Resultados: Os estudos discutidos nesta revisão destacam que uma UAN (Unidade de Alimentação e Nutrição) sempre deve visar a melhoria dos serviços prestados, como forma de prevenir os acidentes de trabalho buscando condições seguras e saudáveis no ambiente como forma de proteger e preservar a vida de seus colaboradores. Todos os estudos avaliados apontaram condições inadequadas do trabalho associadas à ergonomia. Dentre as principais inconformidades, destacam-se: altura da bancada inadequada, luminosidade insuficiente para o trabalho, ruídos e temperatura acima do recomendado. Considerações finais: Os estudos analisados mostram que a ergonomia está diretamente relacionada com a qualidade do trabalho realizado e que os problemas ergonômicos associados à sobrecarga das atividades podem comprometer a saúde dos trabalhadores.
Papel do pensamento crítico na tomada de decisão pelo enfermeiro: revisão integrativa
Authors: Luiz Franciane Silva , Vasconcellos Luciana Joaquina de , Barbosa Amanda Conrado Silva , Paiva Andyara do Carmo Pinto Coelho , Santos Kelli Borges dos , Sanhudo Nádia Fontoura , Carbogim Fábio da Costa
Published: January 2020

Objetivo: identificar as evidências disponíveis na literatura sobre o papel do pensamento crítico na tomada de decisão pelo enfermeiro. Métodos: Revisão integrativa, na qual o levantamento bibliográfico foi realizado nas bases de dados Medical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System Online, Cumulative Index to Nursing and Allied Health Literature e Literatura Latino-americana e do Caribe em Ciências da Saúde, no período de 26 de janeiro a 07 de fevereiro de 2018. Utilizou-se os descritores thinking, decision making e nurses. Amostra foi composta por nove artigos. Resultados: Houve aumento nas produções entre os anos de 2009 e 2014, a maioria das publicações são norte-americanas e caracterizadas por estudos de intervenção. Houve prevalência de estudos com nível de evidência III e V. Evidenciou-se três categorias de análise: Relação do pensamento crítico com a tomada de decisão de enfermeiros; Metodologias de ensino para mediar o pensamento crítico; Fatores relacionados ao desenvolvimento do pensamento crítico e à tomada de decisão. Considerações finais: O pensamento crítico apresenta estreita relação com a tomada de decisão do enfermeiro. As metodologias de ensino podem mediar o desenvolvimento dessa competência. Outros fatores como a idade dos profissionais e os anos de experiência também estiveram relacionados ao pensamento crítico.
Ring-Opening Metathesis Polymerization Derived Hierarchically Porous Carbon-Foams
Authors: Kovačič Sebastijan , Matsko Nadejda B. , Gruber Katharina , Koller Stefan , Slugovc Christian
Published: January 2020

Monolithic open macroporous carbons of 80-85 % porosity are obtained from pyrolyzing oxidized high internal phase templated poly(dicyclopentadiene) foams. The macropores void diameters of the resulting carbon foams can be ajusted between 87 and 2.5 mikrometer simply by changing the surfactant amount used in the preparation of the precursor foams. The resulting porous carbon materials are charcterized by a carbon content >97%, an electronic conductivity of up to 2800 S/m, a Young's modulus of up to 2.1 GPa and a specific surface area of up to 1200 m2/g.
Cyclic Ion Mobility – Collision Activation Experiments Elucidate Protein Behaviour in the Gas-Phase
Authors: Eldrid Charles , Ujma Jakub , Britt Hannah , Cragnolini Tristan , Kalfas Symeon , Cooper-Shepherd Dale , tomczyk nick , Giles Kevin , morris mike , Akter Rehana , Raleigh Daniel , Thalassinos Konstantinos
Published: January 2020

Elucidating the properties of intrinsically disordered proteins (IDPs) and unfolded and partially folded states of globular proteins is challenging owing to their heterogeneous and dynamic nature. Protein unfolding and misfolding is a key feature of a broad range of debilitating diseases, whilst the conformational propensities of intrinsically disordered proteins can play a significant role in modulating their activity, and the properties of unfolded states of globular proteins modulates their stability and tendency to aggregate. Ion mobility-mass spectrometry (IM-MS) is a powerful method for interrogating these systems, however limits in resolution and the difficulty in probing the energetics of interconversions amongst heterogeneous ensembles are major issues. Herein, using a quadrupole/cyclic-IM/ time-of-flight MS instrument, we show how the combination of precursor mass selection, mobility selection (IMn) and collisional activation (CA) allows the elucidation of complicated gas-phase dynamic behavior. The methodology employed is general and is demonstrated using a classic model globular protein, cytochrome C, and an aggregation-prone IDP, amylin. CA allows investigations of protein conformational dynamics and unfolding in the gas-phase for heterogeneous mixtures, whilst the additional precursor mass selection capability provides high resolution and selectivity, facilitating more in-depth investigation. Understanding protein dynamics in the gas-phase will allow greater insight into protein behaviour and allow application of gas-phase techniques to clinically relevant systems.
SCREENING OF PHYTOCHEMICAL CONSTITUENTS IN SOLVENT EXTRACTS OF ACORUS CALAMUS
Authors: N Gunavathy , N Megala
Published: January 2020

Plants have the ability to synthesize mixtures of structurally diverse bio-active compound, with multiple and mutually potential therapeutic effects. Acorus calamus a medicinal harp is known to be rich in β asarone in its composition. The rhizome of this plant appears to have traditional usage for the treatment ofinsomnia, melancholia, remittent fever, delirium, neurosis, cough etc. The solvent extracts of the drug yielding plants were subjected for preliminary phyto-chemical screening, before evaluation of their biological activity.The curative properties of medicinal plants are perhaps due to the presence of various secondary metabolites such as alkaloids, flavonoids, glycosides, phenols, saponins, sterols etc. The successive extracts of root of Acorus calamus revealed the presence of tannins, flavonoids, steroids, glycosides, alkaloids, proteins and phenols. The preliminary screening tests may be useful in the detection of the bioactive principles and subsequently may lead to the drug discovery and development.
ALGAL DISTRIBUTION AND ITS ABUNDANCE IN PUTHALAM SALTWORKS, KANYAKUMARI DISTRICT, TAMIL NADU
Authors: N.R Laila banu, , M Reginald
Published: January 2020

Saltworks are important wetlands and exposed to wide range of environmental stress and perturbations. Fluctuations of salinity, brine chemistry and nutrient status leads to variation in microalgal population. The typical saltworks Sri Sankara Allom, Puthalam was chosen for the study. The investigation was aimed to list out the microalgae and calculates their abundance. The work was done in different seasons (I, II, III and IV) of the study period (March 2009 to February 2010). The reservoir pond showed major variation among micro algal species but it was low in condenser pond. Only two micro algal species were observed in crystallizer pond. A gradual reduction in number of micro algal species was observed with an increase in salinity. With regard to crystallizer, Dunaliella was the dominant one throughout the study period.
ANTIMICROBIAL EFFICACY OF THE FOLKLORE MEDICINAL PLANT, ACACIA CAESIA (L.) WILD
Authors: J Thambiraj , S Paulsamy
Published: January 2020

eaf extracts of the folklore plant species, Acacia caesia L. by using three alcoholic solvents viz; petroleum ether, ethyl acetate and methanol were tested against ten human pathogenic bacteria viz., Pseudomonas aeruginosa, P. stutzeri, Escherichia coli, Micrococcus sp., Lactobacillus sp., Servatia sp., Moraxetta sp., Bacillus subtilis, B. thuriengensis, and Klebsiella pneumoniae and ten human pathogenic fungi viz., Aspergillus niger, A. flavus, A.baumannii, Fusarium oxysporum, F. solani, Mucor rouxii, Alternaria alternata, Candida albicans, Cladosporium sp. and Rhizopus sp. for assessing the antimicrobial properties by adapting disc diffusion method. The results of the study revealed that all extracts showed varied degree of antimicrobial activity against the tested pathogens. However, the ethyl acetate extracts exhibited higher inhibition zone (15.73 mm) against the bacterium, Bacillus subtilis and the fungus, Mucor rouxii (20.67 mm). These results support the therapeutic importance of the species, Acacia caesia in curing infectious diseases and encourage the extensive use of this species in health care practices.
ALLELOPATHIC POTENTIAL OF EXTRACTS AND LEACHATES OF AZADIRACHTA INDICA A. JUSS LEAVES ON GERMINATION AND GROWTH OF ELEUSINE CORACANA (L.) GAERTNER
Authors: P Elavazhagan
Published: January 2020

Various concentrations (5%, 10%, 15% and 20%) of leaf leachates and leaf extracts prepared from fully senesced fallen and matured leaves of Azadirachta indica A. Juss. and used for the present experiments to determine their allelopathic potential on growth and developmental changes on Eleusine coracana (L.) Gaertner. Leaf leachates and leaf extracts sowed an inhibitory effect on germination percentage, root and shoot growth, and fresh and dry weight of E. coracana seedlings. The leaf extracts had more inhibitory effect at 20%concentration,than that of leaf leachates on morphological parameters of E. coracana
ANTIBACTERIAL ACTIVITY OF EARTHWORMS’ COELOMIC FLUID
Authors: P Kathireswari
Published: January 2020

This study was carried out with an objective to investigate the antibacterial potentials of earthworm coelomic fluid. The aim of the study is to assess the antimicrobial activity and to determine the zone of inhibition of coelomic fluid of some bacterial and strains. In the present study, the microbial activity wasevaluated for potential antimicrobial activity against medically important bacterial strains. The antimicrobial activity of coelomic fluid was determined using agar disc diffusion method. The results showed that the remarkable inhibition of the bacterial growth was shown against the tested organisms. Hence, these coelomicfluids can be used to discover bioactive natural products that may serve as leads in the development of new pharmaceuticals research activities
VIRTUAL SCREENING OF GINKGO BILOBA FOR THERAPEUTIC POTENTIALS AGAINST PARKINSON’S DISEASE
Authors: V Kavitha , S Jone Kirubavathy , M.S Sivaramkumar , R Velmurugan
Published: January 2020

Parkinson's disease (PD) is a neurodegenerative disorder that affects 2% of the population older than 60 years. Monoamine Oxidase B (MAO-B) inhibitors improve the symptoms of Parkinson's disease and can delay the progress. Inhibition of MAO-B, further prevent breakdown of dopamine in the brain and reducethe motor symptoms associated with PD. Ginkgo biloba has a number of therapeutic properties and contains phytonutrients that helps in improvement of neurological disorders. In present study, phytonutrients of Ginkgo biloba namely Myricetin, Quercetin, Isorhamnetin, Kaempferol, Ginkgolides A-C, and Ginkgolide J were selected for Molecular docking against Monoamine Oxidase-B enzyme. The Molecular Docking studies were performed using Autodock 4.2 and interaction between MAO-B and compounds were analyzed. The efficiency of the compound was screened based on the binding energy existing between the protein and inhibitor. The docking studies show that the phytochemicals of Ginkgo biloba against MAO-B were quite effective. The potential compound can be subjected to further clinical trials and can be an alternative in the future treatment of Parkinson’s disease.
ON *gα-FUZZY CLOSED SETS IN FUZZY TOPOLOGICAL SPACES
Authors: R Devi , M Vigneshwaran
Published: January 2020

In this paper we introduce the concept of *gα- fuzzy closed sets in fuzzy topological spaces and study some of its properties.
ETHNO-MEDICO-BOTANICAL STUDIES ON AQUATIC PLANTS IN RURAL AREAS OF CUDDALORE DISTRICT, TAMILNADU, INDIA
Authors: K Saravanakumar
Published: January 2020

The present work was undertaken to explore the ethno-medico-botanical values of aquatic plants from rural areas of Cuddalore District in Tamilnadu, India. Traditional knowledge of 22aquatic plants was identified as medicinally important species from local residents, vaidya, other medicine men and from othersources. Collected information’s are arranged in an alphabetical order followed by the sequence of scientific name, family, vernacular name, prescription and usage. Documentation of traditional knowledge of ethnomedico-botanical values of aquatic plant species will provide baseline information for investigating new biodynamic compounds of potential therapeutic uses in future.
IN VITRO ANTI-INFLAMMATORY ACTIVITY OF VACCINIUM LESCHENAULTII WIGHT. (VACCINIACEAE) - AN ENDEMIC MEDICINAL PLANT SPECIES IN NILGIRIS, THE WESTERN GHATS, INDIA
Authors: K Arumugasamy , D Sudhakaran , N Kirthika , H Abdul Kaffoor , R Nantha Kumar
Published: January 2020

Berries of Vaccinium species have been a source of food and pharmaceutical ingredients. The ethanol, methanol and chloroform extracts of Vaccinium leschenaultia was investigated for anti-inflammatory activity. All the extracts (150 and 300mg/kg each) were found to significantly (P<0.05) inhibit paw edema induced by carrageenan in rats. The results indicated that the methanol extract with the dose of 300mgkg-1 b.w. and the chloroform extract with the dose of 300mgkg-1 b.wt. showed maximum anti-inflammatory activity as compared to the reference drug, Indomethacin. V. leschenaultia could be used as a potential source of antiinflammatory agent.
EVALUATION OF ANTIOXIDANT COMPOUNDS AND FREE RADICAL SCAVENGING ABILITY OF POMEGRANATE FRUIT PEELS
Authors: S Jamuna , S Sathiskumar
Published: January 2020

The present study was undertaken to investigate the phytochemical profile and antioxidant activity of pomegranate fruit peels. Qualitative and quantitative phytochemical analyses were made for various solvent extracts of fruit peel of pomegranate and for antioxidant activity, ethanolic extract alone was used.The preliminary phytochemical analysis revealed that higher number of secondary metabolites was found in ethanolic extract of fruit peel than the other solvent extracts. The total phenolics and flavonoids contents of ethanolic fruit peel extract was found to be 246.5 mg GAE/100g extract and 83.95 mg QE/100g extractrespectively. The ethanolic fruit peel extracts unveiled highest scavenging ability by quenching the DPPH free radicals with the IC50 value, 142.90µg/mL. The present study showed that the tested pomegranate peels exhibited strong antioxidant activity. These results suggest that pomegranate fruit peel could be exploited as a potential source of natural antioxidant agent.
LEMONGRASS OIL - A MAJOR SOURCE OF INCOME FOR THE TRIBALS OF WAYANAD DISTRICT KERALA
Authors: Thekkan Sangeeth , S Paulsamy
Published: January 2020

Paniyas, Adiyas, Kattunaikan, Kuruman, Karimbalan and Kurchiyas are the native tribal communities and inhibiting the Wayanad district of Kerala. Most of the tribals have engaged in the collecting of minor forest produce and lemongrass cultivation. They have also involved as agriculture labours and casual laboursfor forest dept etc to meet their demand for basic livelihood. Cultivation of lemongrass for oil distillation is considered to be one of the major sources of income for them. The oil yield was determined on basis of grass biomass distilled and the quantity of oil extracted. Among the study areas, Pulpally registered higher annual biomass production of lemongrass (8380 kg/acre) followed by Ambalavayal (7800 kg/acre), Meppadi (7540 kg/acre) and Mananathavady (6440 kg/acre). Lemongrass cultivation and extraction of lemongrass oil from the host provide better job oppurtunities and fairly good economic return in Wayanad district.
REPRODUCTIVE BIOLOGY OF GNETUM LATIFOLIUM BLUME (GNETALES) IN TAMIL NADU
Authors: S Karupusamy
Published: January 2020

The reproductive biology of Gnetum latifolium Blume studied in four different forest sites of Tamil Nadu. G. latifolium reported to have dioecious plants with less number male population in all the selected areas. Entamophilous cues observed with common anaemophily and pollinator may be flies. Pollination dropsare also reported in young ovules. The seed maturation and germination frequency observed with very low frequency in all the selected population whereas in high number of abortive ovules reported in Western Ghats.
ANTIBACTERIAL ACTIVITY IN EARTHWORM COELOMIC FLUID LAMPITO MAURITII
Authors: M.P Deepthi , P Kathireswari
Published: January 2020

Earthworms are the first annulated coelomate organism with haemoglobin in the plasma as carrier of oxygen and carbon dioxide. They have the antimicrobial activity against the disease causing micro organisms. In the present study antibacterial activity of earthworm coelomic fluid Lampito mauritii were confinedagainst disease causing micro organisms through the inhibition zone formation by well diffusion method as well as disc diffusion method.
BIOCHEMICAL CHANGES OF MERCURY CHLORIDE ON BLOOD METABOLITE LEVELS OF A FRESHWATER FISH, LABEO ROHITA
Authors: M Lekeshmanaswamy , K Anusiya Devi , C.A Vasuki
Published: January 2020

Rohu (Labeo rohita) is a fish of the carp family Cyprinidae, found commonly in rivers and fresh water lakes in and around South Asia and South - East Asia. The freshwater fish Labeo rohita were exposed to Mercury chloride (0.25 ppm) for 10, 20 and 30 days and its effect on blood – bio chemical properties in the form of hyperglycemia, hypoproteinemia and hypercholesteromia. The results of the present study that the blood – biochemical changes may lead to the fish morbidity and mortality.
EQUILIBRIUM OF ECOLOGY AND ENGLISH CHALLENGES FOR TOMORROW’S LEADERS: A STUDY
Authors: T Chinnadurai , P Nagaraj
Published: January 2020

The vision of the greenish world refashions lightning into brownish ground. When our human minds enlarge, our souls and hearts become brownie and narrow. Our world is expected to face massive calamities which have already given enough signs to be aware of disasters like Tsunami, earthquakes, global warmingand less prime span of living. According to the poet W.H. Auden “a culture is no better than its woods”.Today’s children are being taught how to cut away the trees and build fine air conditioner rooms. Being an English teacher, one has the greatest responsibility in language classroom in molding the future leaders. If we do not care of our square classroom today, our circle globe will be no more for next generation. Only our four pillars of classroom are to shape our Earth. Students are facing many problems in indoor learning like attention difficulties, diminished use of sense, hyperactivity, and childhood obesity and disconnection from real things. English teacher has to have the efficiency to transfer students’ ability into positive environmental action to preserve our earth as over grown living areas. It’s our responsibility to grow our children with greenish perspective. This paper focuses how to develop our ecological system through English fortomorrow’s leaders.
ECOLOGICAL CONNECTIVITY IN KINGSOLVER'S PRODIGAL SUMMER
Authors: C Hema
Published: January 2020

Barbara Kingsolver has been acclaimed as an eco-friendly writer and her extensive education in biology is on display bin her book Prodigal Summer, laden with ecological concept and biological facts, weaving together three stories of human life. Each chapter in the novel Prodigal Summer deals with the three main characters and are named "Predators", "Moth Love", "Old Vhestnuts". In this novel the reader learns about animals, insects, forests, and the intertwining ecological system in which they coexist in the lush Appalachian Mountains or by living on a family farm in Kentucky. Even though humans are a different species than coyotes and moths and trees, feels Kingsolver, all deserve a place in the world since they depend on each other for different functions.
A STUDY OF RUSKIN BOND’S “TENACITY OF MOUNTAIN WATER”
Authors: A Jayasree , Ramaswamy Shobha
Published: January 2020

“I am not a religious person but if I were to say I have a religion then I would say I am a nature worshipper.” Ruskin Bond Ruskin Bond, a prolific writer, is known for his short stories, novellas and poems and is widely popular especially in Children’s Literature Circles. His stories can be likened to an ecological narrativedesigned to spread awareness about the bitter consequences of human actions that damage the planet’s basic life support system. He has received the Sahitya Akademi Award for English writing in India for ‘Our Trees Still grow in Dehra’ in 1992. He was awarded the Padma Shri in 1999 and Padma Bhushan in 2014. Ruskin Bond’s stories breathe his great love and sincere concern for nature which is all encompassing and all pervasive.The prismatic portrayal of nature in Bond’s stories enraptures the soul. He draws our sense towards the natural brilliance manifest all around us by presenting a painstakingly drawn out record of the the natural life around him. The amazingly captured landscapes with its myriad forms of life inked by Bond’s imagination and his inimitable style come with a strong lesson on the need to protect and preserve nature. My paper proposes to study Bond’s short story entitled “Tenacity of Mountain Water” that exploresthe interlinked web of life through a simple narrative. Weaving the threads of eco consciousness through the narrative, he marvels at how a tiny rivulet of water becomes a beautiful roaring cascade nourishing and beautifying the entire landscape. The story offers the informed reader a chance to investigate the  underlying ecological values and also revisit the human perception of natural resources.
AN ECOCRITICAL APPROACH TO AMITAV GHOSH’S THE HUNGRY TIDE
Authors: S Maharajan
Published: January 2020

The aim of this paper to Projects the impact of ecology in literature Ecocriticism is the interdisciplinary area which includes the study literature and environment. The literary scholar analyzes the text not only for the environmental concerns but also to the treatment of ecology as the subject of nature in literature. The word ecocriticism may have been first used William Rueckart's essay which entitled “Literature and Ecology: An Experiment in Ecocriticism”. The Hungry Tides tells the very present story of the present day adventure, identity, history and love. Ghosh here presents the nature not as the setting of picturesque beauty alone it also aprosis as hungry of human blood. The tide and its surages stand for all the devastating the aspects of nature. Amitav Ghosh's The Hungry Tide set in the Sunder bans, is a sage of Indo-American marine biologist Piya Roy. She has been to the Tide country of sunder bans in Bengal with a view to studying river dolphins.Two characters Fokir, a local fisherman who helps her to locate dolphins in Garijiontda pool and Kanai Dutta, a Delhi- based business man who meets her on his way to visit his aunt Nilima come closer to Priya's heart in course at time. Nirma's human Nirmal once had a mission for helping the displaced refugee who settled on the sunder bans island of Morichjhapi. He has this commitment to work for and help the refugee as he falls in love with a refugee, Kusum, mother of inbant Fokir. The novelist inborns that Kanai visits the 'tide country' together the lost journal written by his dead uncle Nirmal. The journal is an account of the lives of the Morichjhapi Island which is later ruthlessly evicted by military troops which claims the life of Kusum. A sudden cyclone kills Fokir when he is assisting Piya on a journey on waterways. Finally Piya determines to establish a research trust in memory of Fokir and seeks help from Nilima and Kanai to translate her dream into reality.
VIRGINIA WOOLF’S GREEN VISTAS IN “MRS. DALLOWAY”
Authors: K Sivaranjani , S Rajarajan
Published: January 2020

God created women in the incarnation of himself how flowers are soft and tender women’s attitude also springy and gentle. In every bud beautiful flowers hiding themselves like in every woman their powerful attitude towards nature are camouflaged, their potentiality will prim out automatically in a needy situationand they shine beautifully like full bloomed flowers in their looming. Women are like grey, white moths in the earlier phase without maturity, they may act childishly. But through their full prime of life and progress, they turned into the spectacular multihued butterfly and they burnish glowing in their society and family life. That’s the attitude of Clarissa,who behaved has a moth in early stage, thenmatured as a full blown fantabulous butterfly by giving the party. The novel “Mrs. Dalloway” starts and ends on the same day by narrating how human beings are close with nature and how they preserve and conserve ourenvironment..
NATIVE, NATURE AND NEGOTIATION: AN ECO-LITERAL STUDY OF CONCILIATION OF PAST AND PRESENT WITH REFERENCE TO LESLIE SILKO’S NATIVE AMERICAN FICTION GARDENS IN THE DUNES
Authors: Mohanty Sulagna
Published: January 2020

The indigenous cultures all over the world are strongly interwoven with a range of natural components. All these indigenous and aboriginal worlds including Native Americans are known for their holistic tradition as they love and revere a variety of ecological elements such as the Mother Earth, foliage, waterway, deep marine, and downpour. In the Native American fiction Gardens in the Dunes by Leslie Marmon Silko, the author weaves a spectacular narrative to convey the story of nature, home, mother, memory, exile, and return. Silko portrays this strong bonding while depicting the close relationship between Nature andvarious Native American characters. As the Native American culture believes in the deep bonding between its nature and its community members, their varied forms of farming and gardening become integral to their cultural identity. The recurrent recollections of Indigo’s mother, her Grandmother Fleet, Sister Salt, and above all, the image of the Old Garden represent the recreation and reconstruction of her cultural memory and its association with the Mother Nature. The protagonist Indigo’s love for gardens brings back the mythical memory of the Biblical ‘Garden of Eden’ which is the ‘Garden of God’ as described in the Book of the Genesis. The displacement of Indigo from her indigenous garden becomes a representation of the man’s dissociation from nature and Indigo’s homecoming to her native garden denotes man’s perpetual longing to reconcile with Mother Earth. Thus, this paper seeks to analyze the re-establishment of a negotiation between old and new, past and present and most importantly the man and the nature in the backdrop of colonization with reference to Gardens in the Dunes by Leslie Marmon Silko.
A PRELUDE ON THE BIOLOGY OF PUNTIUS AMPHIBIUS
Authors: S Munisha Murali , S Sheeba
Published: January 2020

Knowledge on fish biology is essential for improving aquaculture. The present study was focused on the biology of Puntiusamphibius. The fishes were collected from a freshwater body in parlance known as “Arappa”, located in Thalikulam at Thrissur district in Kerala. This water body is in the vicinity of the sea anddebouches into the marine during monsoon season. In the present investigation 106 fishes were collected during March to August 2006. The study revealed that there was no significant difference observed among the length weight relationship of males and females. Composition of gut content showed that it is a selectivefeeder of Bacillariophyceae and a pronounced omnivore. The gastro-somatic index of female and male was high during May indicating the active feeding during breeding.The sex ratio between males and females was variable and female dominated over males. The fecundity of fish was proportional to the weight of the ovary. Gonado-somatic index was comparatively high during spawning seasons. This is a preliminary lesson on the reproductive biology and certain distinctive characters such as length-weight and food and feeding habits of Puntius amphibius.
HEAVY METAL DETECTION FROM SEWAGE IRRIGATED SOIL BESIDE RAILWAY TRACKS IN MUMBAI
Authors: L Alok Gude
Published: January 2020

There are more than 100 local train stations in Mumbai and suburban areas which are connected to each other through railway comprising 4 major lines. Each route contains slow and fast tracks running. On the adjacent side of these routes are small patches of land which are used for cultivation. The railway authorities give these lands for farming of some leafy and non-leafy vegetable crops. Majority of these lands are irrigated by the open sewage lines which run besides and parallel to the railway tracks and they bring many unwanted chemicals which are absorbed by plants to more or less extent. The water in these sewerlines comes from domestic, commercial and other sources. The present study deals with quantification of Pb, Zn, Cd, Hg, Ar and Cu from soil sample using laboratory methods. The results indicated a low to medium level of pollution of these in soils, except some of the areas where it is high. The Pb, Ar and Cu were common pollutants near many stations and occur in comparable amount whereas Cd and Zn occur near fewer stations and also in less to medium quantity and Hg contents were found to be the least. The results indicate that though the sewage water can be used for such sewage farming, the water quality should be monitored continuously for heavy metals and other form of pollutants to ensure safety for vegetable consumption.
INVASIVE PLANTS - A BOON OR BANE TO THE LEPIDOPTERON FAUNA: CONSERVATION AND MANAGEMENT PLAN SUGGESTIONS
Authors: C.P Arjun , V.K Anoop , K.J Tijo , T.K Anoopkumar , R Roshnath
Published: January 2020

Butterfly diversity was recorded from Nov (2013) - May (2014) in Pookode region. A total number of 128 species recorded from the five families; Nymphalidae (46 species) Lycaenidae (28 species), Hesperiidae (22 species), Pieridae (17 species) and Papilionidae (15 species) respectively. During the survey invasive plant species were also recorded. There were 36 species of invasive plants from 18 families identified from the study area. More butterflies were attracted towards nectar offering invasive plants. Chromolaena odorata, Ipomea cairica, Lantana camara, Merremia vitifolia, Mikania micrantha, Mimosa diplotricha, Pennisetumpolystachyon, Pteridium aquilinum, Quisqualis indica and Sphagneticola trilobata were the major invasive plants found in the Pookode region and their flower attracts butterfly for pollination. Even though nectar offered by the plants are supportive for growth, in long run these species can affect butterfly population bydeclining native host larval plant species for butterfly reproduction. Invasive species compete with the native flora and reduce its population. Management practices like physical, chemical and modern bio control measures could be used for eradicating of invasive plants. Wise use of invasive plants for other economical purpose such as bio-fuel, medicinal purpose, bio-pesticide and handicraft could be suggested. Successful management of invasive species are needed for conserving Lepidoptera fauna and other native biota of the area.
ETHNOMEDICINAL PLANTS USED BY THE IRULA TRIBALS OF PALAMALAI HILLS, SOUTHERN WESTERN GHATS OF COIMBATORE, TAMIL NADU, INDIA
Authors: A Venkatachalapathi , S Paulsamy
Published: January 2020

The present study is aimed to document the ethnomedicinal plants used for various ailments by the Irula tribes of Palamalai hills, Southern Western Ghats of Coimbatore, Tamil Nadu, India. A total number of 53 plants species belonging to 50 genera and 32 families used by them as herbal medicines to treat severalcommon diseases such as skin diseases, dysentery, cough and cold, cuts and wounds, etc. were documented. Among the plant species Herbs were the primary source of medicine (40%) followed by trees (28%), shrubs (15%) and climbers (17%) and leaves were mostly used (35%) for various illness followed by whole plant(18%), root (13%), stem (7%), bark and rhizome (6%) and seeds and tubers (4%). Most of the medicine prescription by healers is decoction. Therefore, it is suggested to take-up pharmacological and phytochemical studies to evaluate the species to confirm the traditional knowledge of Irulas on medicinal plants.
CULTIVATION AND ECONOMICAL PERSPECTIVES OF GRACILLARIA: MARINE SEAWEED
Authors: S.S Sumayya , S.G Sreelekshmi , K Murugan
Published: January 2020

For decades, seaweed has been of biological, industrial, and pharmaceutical importance. Because of their nutraceutical potential, seaweed has been used as a food throughout Asia. Traditional Chinese medicine used aqueous hot extracts of certain seaweeds in the treatment of cancer. Further, the Japanese and Chinesecultures have used seaweeds to treat goiter and other glandular problems since 300 BC. The Romans used seaweeds in the treatment of wounds, burns, and rashes. The Celts noted that ordinary seaweed contracted as it dried and then expanded with moisture. In Scotland during the 18th century, physicians used dried seaweed stem to successfully drain abdominal wall abscesses. They also inserted seaweed into the cervix in an attempt to treat dysmenorrhea. Many reports outline the use of seaweed to induce abortion. Seaweed was employed intravaginally for ripening of the cervix and was used rectally for strictures. In this juncture, culture and therapeutic potential of Gracilaria was reviewed. Gracilaria is a genus of red algae notable for its economic importance as an agarophyte, as well as its use as a food for humans and various species of shellfish. Various species within the genus are cultivated among Asia, South America, Africa and Oceania. Gracilaria is used as a food in Japanese, Hawaiian, and Filipino cuisine. In Japanese cuisine, it is called ogonori or ogo. In thePhilippines, it is called gulaman and used to make gelatin. In Jamaica, it is known as Irish moss. The moisture content is 12% and protein is 8%. The species are used by local people as salad, preparation of various curries and industrially many by products are synthesized from this sea weed. Medicinally as microbicidal, antiinflammatory, antimetastatic and immuno modulatory potential.
ALLELOPATHIC INFLUENCE OF SOME WEED RESIDUES ON GROWTH AND DEVELOPMENTAL CHANGES OF GREEN GRAM (VIGNA RADIATA (L.) WILCZEK)
Authors: D Kavitha , J Prabhakaran , K Arumugam
Published: January 2020

The term allelopathy refers to the detrimental effects of higher plants of one species (the donor) on the germination, growth, or development of another species (the recipient). In the present studyallelopathic influence of weed species, Echinochloa colona (L.) Link, (Poaceae), Cleome viscosa L. (Capparidaceae) and Ammania baccifera L. (Lythraceae) on green gram (Vigna radiata (L.) Wilczek were investigated. The individual and combined residues of three weeds wereincorporated to the soil at the quantities of 0,1,2,3 and 4% (w/w) in the plots and the germination, seedling growth dry weight of green gram were assessed. The results showed that all the concentrations of combined weed residues exhibited higher degree of inhibitory effects than the individual weed residues in all the parameters employed in the study except at 1% of C. dactylon, where insignificant growth promotion observed. The percentage of inhibitory effects of weedresidues increases with increasing the magnitude of the residues. The degree of reduction percentage of all the growth parameters was concentration dependent.Among the three weeds, A. baccifera had more retarding effects on the growth of green gram and the order of inhibitory effect of three weed was A.baccifera, C. viscosa and E. colona.
STRUCTURAL ANALYSIS OF ZINC OXIDE THIN FILMS PREPARED BY THERMAL EVAPORATION TECHNIQUE
Authors: A.s Balaganesh , B Chandar Shekar
Published: January 2020

Zinc oxide thin films of 800nm were successfully prepared by thermal evaporation technique. XRD analysis revealed polycrystalline nature of the as prepared ZnO films. The structural parameters such as crystallite size, dislocation density and micro strain were evaluated and discussed.
IN VITRO ANTIOXIDANT ACTIVITY APPLYING AN ABTS•+ RADICAL SCAVENGING ABILITIES OF DIFFERENT EXTRACTS OF EUPHORBIA ROUTHIANA SPRENG. PLANT PARTS (EUPHORBIACEAE)
Authors: R Anusuya Devi , B Veena , K Thenmozhi
Published: January 2020

The aim of this work was to determine antioxidant activity in various parts of different extracts of Euphorbia routhiana Spreng. In Indian system of medicine the plant is used as an antifungal. Antioxidant activities were determined by ABTS•+ assay in leaf, stem and root extract of Euphorbia routhiana. ABTS•+ method, all the sample extracts of were able to quench ABTS•+ radical more efficiently with their TEAC values ranging between 187.2 to 6089.2 µmol Trolox equivalent/g extract. In this context, ethanol of E. rothiana root were found to be fast and potent scavengers of ABTS•+ radicals, as they were able to quench ABTS•+ radicals more readily than the other solvent extracts. Therefore the present study reveals that the study species has a reliable source of bioactive compounds which were highly correlated to their therapeutic properties and thus confirm the traditional medicinal usage of the plant practiced by the traditional healers.
STUDIES ON THE AM FUNGAL DIVERSITY OF SOME SIGNIFICANT ETHANO-MEDICINAL PLANTS OF KARULAI HILLS, MALAPPURAM DISTRICT, KERALA
Authors: C Jothi , K Muthuraj , K.T Siva Priya , E Krishnan , N Nagarajan
Published: January 2020

The study was carried out to observe the AM fungal diversity in some important medicinal plant species of Karulai hills, Malappuram district, Kerala. The root samples of all the collected plant species showed mycorrhizal infection. The percentage of AM fungal colonization ranged from 17 to 87. The highest AM fungal infection was exhibited in Desmodium triflorum (87%) and lowest in phyllanthes amarus (17%).The maximum spore population was observed in Desmodium gangeticum (874/100g of soil) and minimum in Piper longum (171/100g of soil). Totally 13 genera of AM fungi were found to be associated with the rhizosphere soil samples. Among them AM fungal species isolated, the dominant species is Rhizophagus fasciculatus. Ethanobotanical study reveals that the Cholanaykans tribes of Karullai hills posses great knowledge about the use of various herbal medicines to cure different ailments and are also conscious about the loss of their traditional medicinal practices. They know about number of medicinal plants and their applications.
SURVEY OF TREES AND SHRUBS IN MARUNGOOR, KANYAKUMARI DISTRICT, TAMIL NADU, SOUTHERN INDIA
Authors: A Kavitha , V Mary Kensa
Published: January 2020

India is one of the twelve mega-biodiversity countries in the world, which has very rich floral vegetation with variety of plants of high economic value including plants of medicinal importance. Present survey was conducted in the plant species (Trees and Shrubs) growing in their natural habitats like grounds, roadsides, open land, home gardens. Plant specimens were collected (depending upon their availability) from the area under investigation. These specimens were identified and photographed. Maximum plants have been photographed in their natural habitat whereas others in the laboratory conditions. The present study site hada high species diversity for both tree and shrub species. Probably, the high species diversity for trees and shrubs could be attributed to the many tributaries and streams that empty rich organic content and mineral resources utilized by the species for growth and production. It is therefore recommended that measures tofoster partnership between the community and other stakeholders in natural resources conservation in the areas should be encouraged to ensure sustainable natural resources management in the areas.