bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Handling Optimization under Uncertainty Problem Using Robust Counterpart Methodology
Authors: Chaerani Diah , Roos Cornelis
Published: December 2013

In this paper we discuss the robust counterpart (RC) methodology to handle the optimization under uncertainty problem as proposed by Ben-Tal and Nemirovskii. This optimization methodology incorporates the uncertain data in U a so-called uncertainty set and replaces the uncertain problem by its so-called robust counterpart. We apply the RC approach to uncertain Conic Optimization (CO) problems, with special attention to robust linear optimization (RLO) problem and include a discussion on parametric uncertainty for that case. Some new supported examples are presented to give a clear description of the used of  RC methodology theorem.
The Relationship between Logistics and Economic Development in Indonesia: Analysis of Time Series Data
Authors: Reza Mohammad
Published: December 2013

This paper investigates the relationship between logistics and economic development in Indonesia using time series data on traffic volume and economic growth for the period from 1988 to 2010. Literature reviews were conducted to find the most applicable econometric model. The data of cargo volume that travels through sea, air and rail is used as the logistics index, while GDP is used for the economic index. The time series data was tested using stationarity and co-integration tests. Granger causality tests were employed, and then a proposed logistic model is presented. This study showed that logistics plays an important role in supporting and sustaining economic growth, in a form where the economic growth is the significant demand-pull effect towards logistics. Although the model is developed in the context of Indonesia, the overall statistical analysis can be generalized to other developing economies. Based on the model, this paper presented the importance of sustaining economic development with regards continuously improving the logistics infrastructure.
The Importance of Supply Chain Management on Financial Optimization
Authors: Agus Arawati
Published: December 2013

Many manufacturing companies are facing uncertainties and stiff competition both locally and globally, intensified by increasing needs for sophisticated and high value products from demanding customers. These companies are forced to improve the quality of their supply chain management decisions, products and reduce their manufacturing costs. With today’s volatile and very challenging global market, many manufacturing companies have started to realize the importance of the proper managing of their supply chains. Supply chain management (SCM) involves practices such as strategic supplier partnership, customer focus, lean production, postpone concept and technology & innovation. This study investigates the importance of SCM on financial optimization. The study measures production or SCM managers’ perceptions regarding SCM and level of performances in their companies. The paper also specifically investigates whether supply chain performance acts as a mediating variable in the relationship between SCM and financial optimization. These associations were analyzed through statistical methods such as Pearson’s correlation and a regression-based mediated analysis. The findings suggest that SCM has significant correlations with supply chain performance and financial optimization. In addition, the result of the regression-based mediated analysis demonstrates that supply chain performance mediates the linkage between SCM and financial optimization. The findings of the study provide a striking demonstration of the importance of SCM in enhancing the performances of Malaysian manufacturing companies. The result indicates that manufac-turing companies should emphasize greater management support for SCM implementation and a greater degree of attention for production integration and information flow integration in the manufacturing system in order to maximize profit and tzerimize cost.
Conservation easements and mining: The case of Chile
Authors: Root‐Bernstein M. , Montecinos Carvajal Y. , Ladle R. , Jepson P. , Jaksic F.
Published: December 2013

Private protected areas (PPAs) are important designations with the potential to complement and improve public protected area (PA) networks in many countries. PPAs come in many forms and offer a wide variety of incentives, rights, responsibilities, and protections. One popular model, now being considered for adoption in Chile, is the conservation easement. In this article, we examine how well conservation easements would perform as PPA designations in countries such as Chile that have strong mining industries. Mining, and other concessions, in PAs is emerging as an important point of contention between conservation and development. PPA designations should be carefully designed to offer protections that conform to standards that will complement PA networks, that are perpetual, and that require a publically accountable and transparent process to overturn or modify.
Development of texture and seismic anisotropy during the onset of subduction
Authors: Di Leo J. F. , Walker A. M. , Li Z.‐H. , Wookey J. , Ribe N. M. , Kendall J.‐M. , Tommasi A.
Published: December 2013

How reliable are shear wave splitting measurements as a means of determining mantle flow direction? This remains a topic of debate, especially in the context of subduction. The answer hinges on whether our current understanding of mineral physics provides enough to accurately translate between seismic observations and mantle deformation. Here, we present an integrated model to simulate strain‐history‐dependent texture development and estimate resulting shear wave splitting in subduction environments. We do this for a mantle flow model that, in its geometry, approximates the double‐sided Molucca Sea subduction system in Eastern Indonesia. We test a single‐sided and a double‐sided subduction case. Results are compared to recent splitting measurements of this region by Di Leo et al. (2012a). The setting lends itself as a case study, because it is fairly young and, therefore, early textures from the slab's descent from the near surface to the bottom of the mantle transition zone—which we simulate in our models—have not yet been overprinted by subsequent continuous steady state flow. Second, it allows us to test the significance of the double‐sided geometry, i.e., the need for a rear barrier to achieve trench‐parallel subslab mantle flow. We demonstrate that although a barrier amplifies trench‐parallel subslab anisotropy due to mantle flow, it is not necessary to produce trench‐parallel fast directions per se. In a simple model of A‐type olivine lattice‐preferred orientation and one‐sided subduction, trench‐parallel fast directions are produced by a combination of simple shear and extension through compression and pure shear in the subslab mantle.
Breaking the oceanic lithosphere of a subducting slab: The 2013 Khash, Iran earthquake
Authors: Barnhart William D. , Hayes Gavin P. , Samsonov Sergey V. , Fielding Eric J. , Seidman Lily E.
Published: December 2013

Large intermediate‐depth, intraslab normal‐faulting earthquakes are a common, dangerous, but poorly understood phenomenon in subduction zones owing to a paucity of near‐field geophysical observations. Seismological and high‐quality geodetic observations of the 2013 Mw7.7 Khash, Iran earthquake reveal that at least half of the oceanic lithosphere, including the mantle and entire crust, ruptured in a single earthquake, confirming with unprecedented resolution that large earthquakes can nucleate in and rupture through the oceanic mantle. A rupture width of at least 55 km is required to explain both Interferometric Synthetic Aperture Radar observations and teleseismic waveforms, with the majority of slip occurring in the oceanic mantle. Combining our well‐constrained earthquake slip distributions with the causative fault orientation and geometry of the local subduction zone, we hypothesize that the Khash earthquake likely occurred as the combined result of slab‐bending forces and dehydration of hydrous minerals along a preexisting fault formed prior to subduction.
Triggered tremor sweet spots in Alaska
Authors: Gomberg Joan , Prejean Stephanie
Published: December 2013

To better understand what controls fault slip along plate boundaries, we have exploited the abundance of seismic and geodetic data available from the richly varied tectonic environments composing Alaska. A search for tremor triggered by 11 large earthquakes throughout all of seismically monitored Alaska reveals two tremor “sweet spots”—regions where large‐amplitude seismic waves repeatedly triggered tremor between 2006 and 2012. The two sweet spots locate in very different tectonic environments—one just trenchward and between the Aleutian islands of Unalaska and Akutan and the other in central mainland Alaska. The Unalaska/Akutan spot corroborates previous evidence that the region is ripe for tremor, perhaps because it is located where plate‐interface frictional properties transition between stick‐slip and stably sliding in both the dip direction and laterally. The mainland sweet spot coincides with a region of complex and uncertain plate interactions, and where no slow slip events or major crustal faults have been noted previously. Analyses showed that larger triggering wave amplitudes, and perhaps lower frequencies (<~0.03 Hz), may enhance the probability of triggering tremor. However, neither the maximum amplitude in the time domain or in a particular frequency band, nor the geometric relationship of the wavefield to the tremor source faults alone ensures a high probability of triggering. Triggered tremor at the two sweet spots also does not occur during slow slip events visually detectable in GPS data, although slow slip below the detection threshold may have facilitated tremor triggering.
Ontogeny of sexual size dimorphism and environmental quality in Guatemalan children
Authors: Nikitovic Dejana , Bogin Barry
Published: December 2013

Objectives

Human growth data from Guatemalan school children were analyzed to test the hypothesis that the degree of sexual size dimorphism (SSD) in height is reduced for people living under more adverse environmental quality.

Methods

The sample consists of 2,560 girls and 3,262 boys, 6–16.99 years of age, from the two major Guatemalan ethnic groups, Maya of very low socioeconomic status (SES) and Ladino of high, middle, and low SES. SES was estimated by questionnaire and ethnographic observation. All data are from the Longitudinal Study of Child Development of the Universidad del Valle de Guatemala. Significance of SSD was tested within each whole year age category (e.g., 6.0–6.9 years) by SES for Ladinos and Maya. Ethnic groups were then compared for each age category to determine whether the SSD values were significantly different between groups.

Results

Statistically significant height SSD was found for 10 of the 11 age categories for the high SES Ladinos, 8 of the 11 age categories for middle SES Ladinos, 3 of the 11 low SES Ladino age categories, and 0 of the 11 very low SES Maya age categories. For all SES and ethnic groups SSD tended to decrease between 6 and 11 years of age and then increase after age 12 years.

Conclusions

A poor quality environment for growth and development, as estimated by SES, was found to reduce or eliminate statistically significant SSD. Patterns of biological maturation before and after puberty also seem to contribute to age changes in SSD. Am. J. Hum. Biol. 26:117–123, 2014. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
A case of Robin sequence, microgastria, radiohumeral synostosis, femoral deficiency, and other unusual findings: A newly recognized syndrome?
Authors: Roberts Jessica , Torres‐Martinez Wilfredo , Farrow Emily , Stevens Abby , Delk Paula , White Kenneth E. , Weaver David D.
Published: December 2013

In this report, we describe an 8‐year‐old male with Robin sequence, bilateral radiohumeral synostosis, microgastria, cryptorchidism, dislocated hips, proximal femoral deficiency, and an autism spectrum disorder. This combination of findings has not been previously reported. Features of particular interest are the radiohumeral synostosis and microgastria, both of which are rare defects, and to our knowledge, have not been reported to occur together. We propose that the patient has a newly recognized syndrome consisting of the aforementioned features, the etiology of which is unknown. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Small mosaic deletion encompassing the snoRNAs and SNURF‐SNRPN results in an atypical Prader–Willi syndrome phenotype
Authors: Anderlid Britt‐Marie , Lundin Johanna , Malmgren Helena , Lehtihet Mikael , Nordgren Ann
Published: December 2013

Genetic analyses were performed in a male patient with suspected Prader–Willi syndrome who presented with hypogonadism, excessive eating, central obesity, small hands and feet and cognition within the low normal range. However, he had no neonatal hypotonia or feeding problems during infancy. Chromosome analysis showed a normal male karyotype. Further analysis with array‐CGH identified a mosaic 847 kb deletion in 15q11‐q13, including SNURF‐SNRPN, the snoRNA gene clusters SNORD116 (HBII‐85), SNORD115, (HBII‐52), SNORD109 A and B (HBII‐438A and B), SNORD64 (HBII‐13), and NPAP1 (C15ORF2). MLPA confirmed the deletion and the results were compatible with a paternal origin. Metaphase‐FISH verified the mosaicism with the deletion present in 58% of leukocytes analyzed. Three smaller deletions in this region have previously been reported in patients with Prader–Willi syndrome phenotype. All three deletions included SNORD116, but only two encompassed parts of SNURF‐SNRPN, implicating SNORD116 as the major contributor to the Prader–Willi phenotype. Our case adds further information about genotype–phenotype correlation and supports the hypothesis that SNORD116 plays a major role in the pathogenesis of Prader‐Willi syndrome. Furthermore, it examplifies diagnostic difficulties in atypical cases and illustrates the need for additional testing methods when Prader‐Willi syndrome is suspected. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Charge‐Transfer Nanostructures through Noncovalent Amphiphilic Self‐Assembly: Extended Cofacial Donor‐Acceptor Arrays
Authors: Rao K. Venkata , Jalani Krishnendu , Jayaramulu K. , Mogera Umesha , Maji Tapas Kumar , George Subi J.
Published: December 2013

Charge‐transfer (CT) assemblies with mixed‐stack (MS) arrays of donor (D) and acceptor (A) molecules are important class of functional organic materials owing to their interesting optoelectronic properties. Construction of charge‐transfer nanostructures comprising cofacially stacked perylene/tetrathiafulvalene (TTF) donors and viologen acceptors by an efficient, noncovalent, amphiphilic approach is described. Optical properties were used to probe the CT coassembly and stoichiometry of molecular D/A components, whereas 1H NMR and X‐ray diffraction studies provided insights into their face‐to‐face organization. The efficient equimolar coassembly between ionic D (perylene salt (PS) and TTF salt (TTFS)) and A (dodecylmethyl viologen (DMV) and hexadecylmethyl viologen (HDMV)) molecules in water through ground state CT interactions results in the formation of noncovalent amphiphiles. Microscopic studies provided structural insight into the hierarchical organization of these charge‐transfer D‐A amphiphiles into bilayers and one‐dimensional nanostructures. In addition, at higher concentrations PS‐HDMV amphiphiles form hydrogels due to strong hydrophobic interactions caused by the long hydrocarbon tails. Two probe devices fabricated from these CT nanostructures as channel elements showed impressive conductivity values without any external doping, thus validating the CT design for conducting organic wires.
Males follow females during fissioning of a group of northern muriquis
Authors: Tokuda Marcos , Boubli Jean P. , Mourthé Ítalo , Izar Patrícia , Possamai Carla B. , Strier Karen B.
Published: December 2013

Although well documented in matrilocal primate species, group fission is still a poorly known phenomenon among patrilocal primates. In this paper we describe in detail a group fission event in the population of northern muriquis at the Reserva Particular do Patrimônio Natural‐Feliciano Miguel Abdala in Caratinga, Minas Gerais, Brazil, using Social Network Analyses (SNA). Data on association patterns were collected during systematic observations from May 2002 to September 2005, and analyzed for dry (from May to October) and rainy seasons (from November to April). The fission process started with subgroup formation in the rainy season 2002–2003, and was completed by the dry season of 2003. By the dry season 2003, the parent group (Jaó) had fissioned to form a second mixed‐sex group (Nadir) while a subgroup of males (MU) moved between the parent group and the newly established group. Before the Jaó group fission started (dry season 2002) and during its initial phases (rainy season 2002–2003), females that ultimately composed the daughter group (Nadir) were the most peripheral in the association network. In the rainy season 2002–2003, the median monthly (N = 6) operational sex ratio (OSR) of Jaó group was 2.81. However, once Jaó females initiated the fissioning process to establish the Nadir group, the OSR was more favorable to males in the Nadir group than in the Jaó group. Our results suggest that males followed the females to escape an unfavorable OSR in their natal group. Am. J. Primatol. 76:529–538, 2014. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Improve shell and tube heat exchangers design by hybrid differential evolution and ant colony optimization technique
Authors: Lahiri Sandip Kumar , Khalfe Nadeem
Published: December 2013

Because of sheer large numbers of shell and tube heat exchanger in any chemical process industry, small improvement in their design strategies offers big saving opportunities. Traditional design approaches are based on iterative procedures that gradually change the design and geometric parameters until given heat duty and set of geometric and operational constraints are satisfied. Although well proven, this kind of approach is time consuming and may not explore the feasible solution space fully. The present study explores the use of non‐traditional optimization technique called hybrid differential evolution and ant colony optimization technique, for design optimization of shell and tube heat exchangers from economic point of view. The optimization procedure involves the selection of the major geometric parameters such as tube diameters, tube length, baffle spacing, number of tube passes, tube layout, type of head, baffle cut, and so on, and minimization of total annual cost is considered as design target. The methodology takes into account the geometric and operational constraints typically recommended by design codes. Three different case studies are presented to demonstrate the effectiveness and accuracy of proposed algorithm. The hybrid differential evolution and ant colony optimization method lead to a design of a heat exchanger with a reduced cost of heat exchanger as compare to cost obtained by previously reported genetic algorithms approach. © 2013 Curtin University of Technology and John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
A calculation method of biomass slagging rate based on crystallization theory
Authors: Niu Yanqing , Zhu Yiming , Tan Houzhang , Hui Shien , Jones Jenny M. , Liu Yuanyi
Published: December 2013

Aiming to the vacant research on slagging rate calculation of biomass, a method based on crystallization theory is proposed here. First, KCl–K2SO4–Na2SO4 ternary eutectic system, as main inducing factor of biomass slagging, is verified by slagging sample analysis, ternary eutectic experiment, and equilibrium calculation of FACTSAGE. Second, we assume that flue gas was solvent; the KCl–K2SO4–Na2SO4 ternary eutectic system and the refractory components were two solutes supersaturated in the solution. The slagging process is approximated as the combined effect of nucleation and solidification of the KCl–K2SO4–Na2SO4 eutectic system and the conglutination of the refractory components. Third, on the basis of nucleation rate equation, a formula for the slagging rate calculation is developed as J = k(Δcmax)m, where k defined as slagging constant is the empirical function of fly ash concentration and flue gas velocity, △cmax is the concentration difference of KCl + K3Na (SO4)2 in fly ash up and downstream of heating surfaces, and m is defined as slagging order, which is an empirical parameter dependent on the concentrations of KCl and K3Na(SO4)2. Meanwhile, an example is given on the calculation of m. However, additional experiments are required in order to improve the formulation of functions k and m. © 2013 Curtin University of Technology and John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Use of aluminum‐coated interlayers to develop a cold‐protective fibrous assembly
Authors: Wang Xin , Fan Jintu
Published: December 2013

In this article, we report on an experimental investigation of the thermal insulation and moisture vapor resistance of a thermal insulation assembly consisting of polyester battings and metal‐coated thin nonwoven interlayers. Because of the blocking of radiation by the coated metal nanoparticles, the thermal radiative conductivity of the interlayer decreased from 0.0249 to 0.0194 W/m K after coating. We found that the thermal insulation of the fibrous assembly could be greatly improved without any significant effect on the moisture transfer through the incorporation of metal‐coated interlayers between the fibrous battings in appropriate patterns. The thermal resistance of the assembly increased gradually with increasing number of incorporated interlayers until it reached a plateau. The presence of more metal‐coated interlayers closer to the hot (heat‐source) side was beneficial to higher thermal insulation. The moisture vapor resistance of the assembly showed no significant changes with increasing number of interlayers. The incorporation of three interlayers showed the best thermal insulation properties with little effect on the moisture transmission. This kind of thermal insulation assembly will have significant advantages in cold‐protective clothing because of its high insulation properties and breathability. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2014, 131, 40205.
Fabrication and properties of carbon nanotube/styrene–ethylene–butylene–styrene composites via a sequential process of (electrostatic adsorption aided dispersion)‐plus‐(melt mixing)
Authors: Wu Zhaofeng , Wang Hua , Tian Xingyou , Ding Xin , Zhou Haifeng , Ye Xianzhu
Published: December 2013

Carbon nanotube (CNT)/styrene–ethylene–butylene–styrene (SEBS) composites were prepared via a sequential process of (electrostatic adsorption assisted dispersion)‐plus‐(melt mixing). It was found that CNTs were uniformly embedded in SEBS matrix and a low percolation threshold was achieved at the CNT concentration of 0.186 vol %. According to thermal gravimetric analysis, the temperatures of 20% and 50% weight loss were improved from 316°C and 352°C of pure SEBS to 439°C and 463°C of the 3 wt % CNT/SEBS composites, respectively. Meanwhile, the tensile strength and elastic modulus were improved by about 75% and 181.2% from 24 and 1.6 MPa of pure SEBS to 42 and 4.5 MPa of the 3 wt % CNT/SEBS composite based on the tensile tests, respectively. Importantly, this simple and low‐cost method shows the potential for the preparation of CNT/polymer composite materials with enhanced electrical, mechanical properties, and thermal stability for industrial applications. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2014, 131, 40227.
Artesunate–amodiaquine combination therapy in the absence of malarial parasite infection induces oxidative damage in female rats
Authors: Abolaji Amos O. , Osedeme Fenose , Olusemire Oluwatosin
Published: December 2013

Artesunate–amodiaquine is among the most widely available artemisinin combination therapy used as treatment regimen for uncomplicated Plasmodium falciparum malaria. Our aim was to evaluate clinical routine markers of liver and renal functions, lipid profile levels and lipid peroxidation status in a female mammalian rat model. This was an attempt to simulate a scenario where the drugs are taken without malarial parasite infection, which is a common practice in settings where drug misuse is a common practice. Twenty female Wistar rats were randomly divided into four study groups of five animals each. Group 1 (control) received distilled water, group 2 was exposed to artesunate [2 mg/kg body weight (b.w.)], group 3 was administered with amodiaquine (6.12 mg/kg b.w.) and group 4 was co‐administered with artesunate (2 mg/kg b.w.) and amodiaquine (6.12 mg/kg b.w.) for 3 days. At the end of the treatment period, animals were fasted overnight and sacrificed. Markers of liver and renal functions and lipid profile indices were evaluated in the plasma, whereas lipid peroxidation status, GSH concentration and G6PD activity were assessed in the erythrocytes. The results showed that the co‐administration of artesunate and amodiaquine altered liver function markers and lipid profile indices. The drugs also induced lipid peroxidation as evidenced by the elevated level of oxidative stress marker malondialdehyde (p < 0.05). We recommend therefore that the drugs should be taken with prescription only with clinical evidence of malarial parasite infection. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Fully Automated Weighing of Liquid Substances with a Laboratory Robot
Authors: Werner Albert , Blaschke Tim , von Harbou Erik , Hasse Hans
Published: December 2013

Taking the mass of a sample is a routine operation in laboratories which is frequently repeated during data collection. In chemical industries, this operation is often done manually. A procedure for fully automatic weighing of liquid substances with a laboratory robot is presented. To demonstrate its functionality and a possible application, the laboratory robot was used to create test samples for calibration of a gas chromatograph. The achieved accuracy is greater than that of careful manual weighing. The presented method facilitates the handling of most liquids commonly used in laboratories.
ChemInform Abstract: Single‐Composition Trichromatic White‐Emitting Ca9MgNa (PO4)7:Ce3+/Tb3+/Mn2+ Phosphors — Soft Chemical Synthesis, Luminescence, and Energy‐Transfer Properties.
Authors: Zhang Yang , Geng Dongling , Shang Mengmeng , Wu Yuan , Li Xuejiao , Lian Hongzhou , Cheng Ziyong , Lin Jun
Published: December 2013

A Pechini‐type sol‐gel process is used for the preparation of co‐doped Ca9MgNa (PO4)7:Ce3+/Tb3+/Mn2+ phosphors involving aqueous solutions of Ce(NO3)3, Tb(NO3)3, MnCl2, Ca(NO3)2, Mg(NO3)3, and NaNO3 in stoichiometric amounts together with citric acid and stoichiometric (NH4)2HPO4 followed by gelation in PEG and calcination (850 °C, 4 h).
ChemInform Abstract: A Redox‐Triggered Structural Rearrangement in an Iodate‐Templated Polyoxotungstate Cluster Cage.
Authors: Long De‐Liang , Yan Jun , Ruiz de la Oliva Andreu , Busche Christoph , Miras Haralampos N. , Errington R. John , Cronin Leroy
Published: December 2013

(TEAH)5Na [H5W18O59(IO3)] ·5H2O (I; TEAH: (HO‐CH2‐CH2)3NH+), the first example of a polyoxometalate with encapsulated IO3‐, is synthesized from an aqueous solution of Na2WO4, H5IO6, and TEAHCl (pH 1.3 adjusted with 6M HCl, reflux, 1 h; yield given in g).
ChemInform Abstract: Heterometallic Clusters with a New {Re3Mo3S8} Core: Direct Synthesis, Properties and DFT Calculations.
Authors: Gayfulin Yakov M. , Naumov Nikolay G. , Rizhikov Maxim R. , Smolentsev Anton I. , Nadolinny Vladimir A. , Mironov Yuri V.
Published: December 2013

The crystal structures of compounds (IV) and (VI) are determined by single crystal XRD.
ChemInform Abstract: Enantioselective Multicatalytic Synthesis of α‐Benzyl‐β‐hydroxyindan‐1‐ones.
Authors: Suzuki Takeyuki , Ishizaka Yuka , Ghozati Kazem , Zhou Da‐Yang , Asano Kaori , Sasai Hiroaki
Published: December 2013

Asymmetric tandem coupling of meso‐diols (I) with aldehydes is achieved using a chiral Ir‐catalyst.
ChemInform Abstract: Functionalized Heterocyclic Scaffolds Derived from Morita—Baylis—Hillman Acetates.
Authors: Zhu Huajian , Shao Nana , Chen Tong , Zou Hongbin
Published: December 2013

MBH acetates (I) are used as convenient starting materials for the synthesis of five series of heterocycles.
ChemInform Abstract: One‐Pot, Catalyst‐Free, Facile, and Efficient Sulfenylation of Electron‐Rich Substrates with a Mild Sulfenium Carrier Azobenzene‐2‐sulfenyl Bromide.
Authors: Ahmed Nizamuddin , Bhattacharjee Tirtha , Barman Pranjit , Bhattacharjee Saibal Kanti
Published: December 2013

Mild reaction conditions, simple work‐up, good yields and short reaction times make this method a convenient and practical alternative to existing methods.
ChemInform Abstract: Polymeric Bimetallic Catalyst‐Promoted In‐Water Dehydrative Alkylation of Ammonia and Amines with Alcohols.
Authors: Yamada Yoichi M. A. , Ohta Hidetoshi , Yuyama Yoshinari , Uozumi Yasuhiro
Published: December 2013

A polymeric heterobimetallic catalyst is prepared by ionic convolution of a poly(catechol borate) and iridium‐NHC complexes.
ChemInform Abstract: Rhodium‐Catalyzed Asymmetric Amination of Allylic Trichloroacetimidates.
Authors: Arnold Jeffrey S. , Nguyen Hien M.
Published: December 2013

The dynamic kinetic amination of racemic trichloroacetimidates in the presence of a chiral diene‐ligated rhodium catalyst is reported.
ChemInform Abstract: ortho‐Perfluoroalkylation and Ethoxycarbonyldifluoromethylation of Aromatic Triazenes.
Authors: Hafner Andreas , Bihlmeier Angela , Nieger Martin , Klopper Wim , Braese Stefan
Published: December 2013

AgF‐mediated coupling of aromatic triazenes with the silanes (I) and (IV) provides a new, simple, and regioselective approach to ortho‐perfluoroalkylated products.
ChemInform Abstract: Water‐Assisted Organocatalysis: An Enantioselective Green Protocol for the Henry Reaction.
Authors: Thorat Prashant B. , Goswami Santosh V. , Jadhav Wamanrao N. , Bhusare Sudhakar R.
Published: December 2013

A novel and eco‐friendly method for the asymmetric Henry reaction of aldehydes is developed.
ChemInform Abstract: Azodicarbonyl Dimorpholide (ADDM): An Effective, Versatile, and Water‐Soluble Mitsunobu Reagent.
Authors: Lanning Maryanna E. , Fletcher Steven
Published: December 2013

The title reagent facilitates the dehydrative coupling of alcohols to various pro‐nucleophiles.
ChemInform Abstract: Simple One‐Pot Conversion of Alcohols into Nitriles.
Authors: Shimojo Hiroyuki , Moriyama Katsuhiko , Togo Hideo
Published: December 2013

Various benzylic and primary alcohols including those containing olefinic groups are converted into the corresponding nitriles by oxidation with tBuOCl, iodine or diiodohydantoin in the presence of TEMPO, followed by treatment with iodine and aqueous ammonia.
ChemInform Abstract: Gold Carbenes from Substituted Propargyl Acetates: Intramolecular Ene‐Type Reactions to 2‐Acetoxynaphthalene Derivatives.
Authors: Oh Chang Ho , Kim Ji Hee , Piao Lanhua , Yu Jin , Kim So Young
Published: December 2013

The synthesis of 4‐alkyl‐naphthalen‐2‐yl acetate derivatives in a gold‐catalyzed cascade reaction is described.
ChemInform Abstract: Efficient Synthesis and Antiproliferative Activity of Novel Thioether‐Substituted Flavonoids.
Authors: Huang Wei , Chen Qiong , Yang Wen‐Chao , Yang Guang‐Fu
Published: December 2013

The synthesis of a broad range of thioether substituted flavonoids from the corresponding flavonoid chlorides is described.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis of 2,5‐Diarylpyrroles by Ligand‐Free Palladium‐Catalyzed CH Activation of Pyrroles in Ionic Liquids.
Authors: Ehlers Peter , Petrosyan Andranik , Baumgard Jens , Jopp Stefan , Steinfeld Norbert , Ghochikyan Tariel V. , Saghyan Ashot S. , Fischer Christine , Langer Peter
Published: December 2013

Bis‐arylation of the N‐Me and N‐Ph pyrroles is achieved using aryl bromides and Pd(OPiv)2 or Pd nanoparticles as catalysts in Bu4NOAc as an ionic liquid.
ChemInform Abstract: Combined C—H Functionalization/O—H Insertion Reaction to Form Tertiary β‐Alkoxy Substituted β‐Aminophosphonates Catalyzed by [Cu(MeCN)4]PF6.
Authors: Cai Yan , Lu Yuchen , Yu Chengbin , Lyu Hairong , Miao Zhiwei
Published: December 2013

The Cu‐catalyzed C—H functionalization/O—H insertion reaction of α‐diazophosphonates (I) with alcohols (II) is developed.
ChemInform Abstract: Efficient Synthesis of 1‐Aryl‐4‐[(ethoxycarbonyl)oxy]‐1H‐pyrazole‐3‐carboxylates.
Authors: Korneev Sergei M. , Polukeev Valery A. , Jones Peter G.
Published: December 2013

Azo‐coupling of diazonium salts (II) with chloroacetoacetate, followed by intramolecular cyclization of hydrazones (III) in the presence of ethyl chloroformate (V) under basic conditions yields a novel family of pyrazoles (VI), instead of the expected hydrazone derivatives.
ChemInform Abstract: Cu(II)‐Catalyzed Domino Reaction of 2H‐Azirines with Diazotetramic and Diazotetronic Acids. Synthesis of 2‐Substituted 2H‐1,2,3‐Triazoles.
Authors: Rostovskii Nikolai V. , Novikov Mikhail S. , Khlebnikov Alexander F. , Korneev Sergei M. , Yufit Dmitry S.
Published: December 2013

The Cu‐catalyzed addition of two molecules of an arylaziridine (II) to diazotetramic (I) or diazotetronic acid (V) proceeds as a domino reaction with the formation of 1,2,3‐triazole derivatives (III)/(VI) and (IV)/(VII), resp., with ortho‐fused or spiro‐cyclic substituent in N2 position.
ChemInform Abstract: Multicomponent Synthesis of Novel 2‐Aryl‐5‐((1‐aryl‐1H‐1,2,3‐triazol‐4‐yl)methylthio)‐1,3,4‐oxadiazoles Using CuI as Catalyst and Their Antimicrobial Evaluation.
Authors: Sindhu Jayant , Singh Harjinder , Khurana Jitender Mohan , Sharma Chetan , Aneja Kamal Rai
Published: December 2013

Improved conditions utilizing CuSO4·5H2O and sodium ascorbate as the catalysts are developed for the three‐component reaction of oxadiazolyl thiols (I), propargyl bromide (II), and aryl azides (III).
ChemInform Abstract: Ligand‐Free Nano Copper Oxide Catalyzed Cyanation of Aryl Halides and Sequential One‐Pot Synthesis of 5‐Substituted‐1H‐tetrazoles.
Authors: Yapuri Umanadh , Palle Sadanandam , Gudaparthi Omprakash , Narahari Srinivasa Reddy , Rawat Dhwajbahadur K. , Mukkanti Khagga , Vantikommu Jyothi
Published: December 2013

One‐pot conversion of aryl iodides to nitriles and direct [2 + 3] cycloaddition with sodium azide offers a convenient synthesis of 5‐aryl‐1H‐tetrazoles.
ChemInform Abstract: Cytotoxic Activity Assessment, QSAR and Docking Study of Novel Bis‐Carboxamide Derivatives of 4‐Pyrones Synthesized by Ugi Four‐Component Reaction.
Authors: Shahrisa Aziz , Esmati Somayeh , Miri Ramin , Firuzi Omidreza , Edraki Najmeh , Nejati Maryam
Published: December 2013

The synthesized compounds are tested for their cytotoxic activity against LS180, MCF‐7, and HL‐60 cell lines.
ChemInform Abstract: Palladium‐Catalyzed Route to Three‐Component, One‐Pot Sequential Synthesis of Functionalized Cyclazines: 2,2a1,4‐Triazacyclopenta[cd]indenes.
Authors: Yang Anjiang , Jiang Ruwei , Khorev Oleg , Yu Ting , Zhang Yongliang , Ma Lanping , Chen Guohua , Shen Jingkang , Meng Tao
Published: December 2013

The synthesis of cyclazines involves initial three‐component condensation and a Pd‐catalyzed intramolecular α‐arylation of an α‐aminocarbonyl functionality.
ChemInform Abstract: Broensted Acidic Ionic Liquid Catalysis: An Efficient and Eco‐Friendly Synthesis of Novel Fused Pyrano Pyrimidinones (III) and Their Antimicrobial Activity.
Authors: Banothu Janardhan , Gali Rajitha , Velpula Ravibabu , Bavantula Rajitha
Published: December 2013

The synthesized compounds are screened for their in vitro antibacterial and antifungal activities.
ChemInform Abstract: Rapid and Convenient Synthesis of N‐Arylmorpholines under Microwave Irradiation.
Authors: Li Hong bo , Liang Wu , Ma Chang Peng , Kai Yong Mao , Li Lei , Zhang Yong Gang
Published: December 2013

This green way to N‐arylmorpholines is performed without any phase‐transfer or transition‐metal catalyst.
ChemInform Abstract: Phyllanflexoid C: First Example of Phenylacetylene‐Bearing 18‐Nor‐Diterpenoid Glycoside from the Roots of Phyllanthus flexuosus.
Authors: Zhao Jian‐Qiang , Lv Jun‐Jiang , Wang Yan‐Ming , Xu Min , Zhu Hong‐Tao , Wang Dong , Yang Chong‐Ren , Wang Yi‐Fei , Zhang Ying‐Jun
Published: December 2013

Three new diterpenoids ‐ phyllanflexoids A‐C (I), (II), and (III) ‐ are isolated from roots of Phyllanthus flexuosus.
ChemInform Abstract: Cation Exchange: A Versatile Tool for Nanomaterials Synthesis
Authors: Beberwyck Brandon J. , Surendranath Yogesh , Alivisatos A. Paul
Published: December 2013

Review: 82 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Alkaline and Alkaline Earth Metals
Authors: Hill Michael S.
Published: December 2013

Review: literature on the chemistry of Group 1 and 2 metals reported in 2012; 138 refs
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis of 3,7,9‐ and 2,6,9‐Triazabicyclo[3.3.1]nonane Derivatives
Authors: Pradipta Ambara R. , Tanaka Katsunori
Published: December 2013

Review: 16 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Reactions of the Allylic Substrate as a Glance
Authors: Tripathy Tridib , Kolya Haradhan , De B. R.
Published: December 2013

Review: 9 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Ring Expansion of Vinylaziridines Through the Strain‐Release Pericyclic Reaction: Recent Developments and Applications
Authors: Heo Yu Mi , Paek Seung‐Mann
Published: December 2013

Review: 29 refs.
Enantiomerization and Enantioselective Bioaccumulation of Metalaxyl in Tenebrio molitor Larvae
Authors: Gao Yongxin , Wang Huili , Qin Fang , Xu Peng , Lv Xiaotian , Li Jianzhong , Guo Baoyuan
Published: December 2013

The enantiomerization and enantioselective bioaccumulation of metalaxyl by a single dose of exposure to Tenebrio molitor larvae under laboratory condition were studied by high‐performance liquid chromatography tandem mass spectroscopy (HPLC‐MS/MS) based on a ChiralcelOD‐3R [cellulosetris‐tris‐(3, 5‐dichlorophenyl‐carbamate)] column. Exposure of enantiopure R‐metalaxyl and S‐metalaxyl in Tenebrio molitor larvae exhibited significant enantiomerization, with formation of the R enantiomers from the S enantiomers, and vice versa, which might be attributed to the chiral pesticide catalyzed by a certain enzyme in Tenebrio molitor larvae. Enantiomerization was not observed in wheat bran during the period of 21 d. In addition, bioaccumulation of rac‐metalaxyl in Tenebrio molitor larvae was enantioselective with a preferential accumulation of S‐metalaxyl. These results showed that enantioselectivity was caused not only by actual degradation and metabolism but also by enantiomerization, which was an important process in the environmental fate and behavior of metalaxyl enantiomers. Chirality 26:88–94, 2014. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Axillary lymph node dissection versus no dissection in patients with T1N0 breast cancer: A randomized clinical trial (INT09/98)
Authors: Agresti Roberto , Martelli Gabriele , Sandri Marco , Tagliabue Elda , Carcangiu Maria Luisa , Maugeri Ilaria , Pellitteri Cristina , Ferraris Cristina , Capri Giuseppe , Moliterni Angela , Bianchi Giulia , Mariani Gabriella , Trecate Giovanna , Lozza Laura , Langer Martin , Rampa Mario , Gennaro Massimiliano , Greco Marco , Menard Sylvie , Pierotti Marco A.
Published: December 2013

BACKGROUND

Although axillary surgery is still considered to be a fundamental part of the management of early breast cancer, it may no longer be necessary either as treatment or as a guide to adjuvant treatment. The authors conducted a single‐center randomized trial (INT09/98) to determine the impact of avoiding axillary surgery in patients with T1N0 breast cancer and planning chemotherapy based on biological factors of the primary tumor on long‐term disease control.

METHODS

From June 1998 to June 2003, 565 patients aged 30 years to 65 years with T1N0 breast cancer were randomized to either quadrantectomy with (QUAD) or without (QU) axillary lymph node dissection; a total of 517 patients finally were evaluated. All patients received radiotherapy to the residual breast only. Chemotherapy for patients in the QUAD treatment arm was determined based on lymph node status, estrogen receptor status, and tumor grade. Chemotherapy for patients in the QU treatment arm was based on estrogen receptor status, tumor grade, and human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 and laminin receptor status. Overall survival (OS) was the primary endpoint. Disease‐free survival (DFS) and rate and time of axillary lymph node recurrence in the QU treatment arm were the secondary endpoints.

RESULTS

After a median follow‐up of >10 years, the estimated adjusted hazards ratio of the QUAD versus QU treatment arms for OS was 1.09 (95% confidence interval, 0.59‐2.00; P = .783) and was 1.04 (95% confidence interval, 0.56‐1.94; P = .898) for DFS. Of the 245 patients in the QU treatment arm, 22 (9.0%) experienced axillary lymph node recurrence. The median time to axillary lymph node recurrence from breast surgery was 30.0 months (interquartile range, 24.2 months‐73.4 months).

CONCLUSIONS

Patients with T1N0 breast cancer did not appear to benefit in terms of DFS and OS from immediate axillary lymph node dissection in the current randomized trial. The biological characteristics of the primary tumor appear adequate for guiding adjuvant treatment. Cancer 2014;120:885–893. © 2013 American Cancer Society.
Dynamical analysis of a delayed singular prey–predator economic model with stochastic fluctuations
Authors: Zhang Yue , Zhang Qingling
Published: December 2013

This article studies a delayed singular prey–predator economic model with stochastic fluctuations, which is described by differential‐algebraic equations due to a economic theory. Local stability and Hopf bifurcation condition are described on the delayed singular prey–predator economic model within deterministic environment. It reveals the sensitivity of the model dynamics on gestation time delay. A phenomenon of Hopf bifurcation occurs as the gestation time delay increases through a certain threshold. Subsequently, a singular stochastic prey–predator economic model with time delay is obtained by introducing Gaussian white noise terms to the above deterministic model system. The fluctuation intensity of population and harvest effort are calculated by Fourier transforms method. Numerical simulations are carried out to substantiate these theory analysis. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Complexity 19: 23–29, 2014
Daily insulin doses and injection frequencies of neutral protamine hagedorn (NPH) insulin, insulin detemir and insulin glargine in type 1 and type 2 diabetes: a multicenter analysis of 51 964 patients from the German/Austrian DPV‐wiss database
Authors: Laubner K. , Molz K. , Kerner W. , Karges W. , Lang W. , Dapp A. , Schütt M. , Best F. , Seufert J. , Holl R. W.
Published: December 2013

Background

We performed a comparative analysis of the use of long‐acting insulin (analogues) neutral protamine hagedorn (NPH), detemir (Det) and glargine (Gla), and quantified injection frequencies and daily insulin doses in patients with type 1 and 2 diabetes in daily practice.

Methods

A total number of 51 964 patients from 336 centres in Germany and Austria with type 1 and 2 diabetes with exclusive insulin therapy were retrospectively analysed.

Results

A total number of 42.1%/75.9% (type 1/type 2) of patients used NPH, 19.9%/6.7% Det and 38.0%/17.4% Gla, with similar glycaemic control and proportion of severe hypoglycaemia for NPH/Det/Gla in type 1 (Mean HbA1c 7.98%/7.98%/8.07%; mean proportion of severe hypoglycaemia 11.06%/11.93%/10.86%) and type 2 diabetes (Mean HbA1c 7.61%/7.78%/7.61%; mean proportion of severe hypoglycaemia 5.66%/4.48%/5.03%). In type 1 diabetes, the mean daily injection frequencies of NPH versus Det versus Gla were 1.9 vs 1.8 vs 1.1, and total daily insulin injections were 5.3 vs 5.6 vs 5.0. The adjusted mean daily basal insulin doses were 0.36, 0.39 and 0.31 IU/kg, mean daily total insulin dose was lowest for Gla (0.74IU/kg), followed by NPH (0.76IU/kg) and Det (0.81IU/kg). In type 2 diabetes patients, mean daily injection frequencies were 1.6 for NPH, 1.4 for Det and 1.1 for Gla, total daily insulin injections were 4.0 vs 4.1 vs 3.6. The mean daily basal insulin dosages were 0.30IU/kg (NPH), 0.33IU/kg (Det) and 0.29IU/kg (Gla), mean total insulin doses per day were 0.63IU/kg (NPH), 0.77IU/kg (Det) and 0.67IU/kg (Gla).

Conclusions

In a ‘real‐world’ setting, the injection frequencies and doses of basal and total insulin per day are lowest with the use of insulin glargine compared with NPH‐insulin or insulin detemir at similar glycaemic control and rates of severe hypoglycaemia. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
c‐Met inhibition in a HOXA9/Meis1 model of CN‐AML
Authors: Mulgrew Nuala M. , Kettyle Laura M.J. , Ramsey Joanne M. , Cull Susan , Smyth Laura J. , Mervyn Danielle M. , Bijl Janet J. , Thompson Alexander
Published: December 2013

Background: Hematopoiesis is a paradigm for developmental processes, hierarchically organized, with stem cells at its origin. Hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs) replenish progenitor and precursor cells of multiple lineages, which normally differentiate into short‐lived mature circulating cells. Hematopoiesis has provided insight into the molecular basis of tissue homeostasis and malignancy. Malignant hematopoiesis, in particular acute myeloid leukemia (AML), results from impaired development or differentiation of HSCs and progenitors. Co‐overexpression of HOX and TALE genes, particularly the HOXA cluster and MEIS1, is associated with AML. Clinically relevant models of AML are required to advance drug development for an aging patient cohort. Results: Molecular analysis identified altered gene, microRNA, and protein expression in HOXA9/Meis1 leukemic bone marrow compared to normal controls. A candidate drug screen identified the c‐Met inhibitor SU11274 for further analysis. Altered cell cycle status, apoptosis, differentiation, and impaired colony formation were shown for SU11274 in AML cell lines and primary leukemic bone marrow. Conclusions: The clonal HOXA9/Meis1 AML model is amenable to drug screening analysis. The data presented indicate that human AML cells respond in a similar manner to the HOXA9/Meis1 cells, indicating pre‐clinical relevance of the mouse model. Developmental Dynamics 243:172–181, 2014. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Spin Frustration in Triangular Cu3II Complexes with 6‐Methyl‐2‐pyridyloxime as Ligand – Synthesis, Structural, and Magnetic Characterization
Authors: Escuer Albert , Vlahopoulou Gina , Lloret Francesc , Mautner Franz A.
Published: December 2013

In the present work, new examples of μ3‐OH/oximato Cu3 triangles have been obtained by treatment of different copper salts with 6‐methyl‐2‐pyridylaldoxime [6‐MepyC(H)NOH, 6‐mepaoH]. Depending on the anion, the compounds [Cu3(OH)(6‐mepao)3(O2CPh)2] (1), [Cu6(OH)2(6‐mepao)6(NO3)3](NO3)·H2O (2·H2O) and [Cu6(OH)2(6‐mepao)6(ClO4)3](ClO4) (3) formed and were characterized. Complex 1 is an isolated triangle, whereas 2 and 3 are hexanuclear compounds with two triangular subunits linked by anionic bridges. Susceptibility measurements show very strong antiferromagnetic interactions and the presence of antisymmetric exchange at low temperature. The magnetic properties of these frustrated triangles have been analyzed in terms of susceptibility, magnetization and electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) experiments.