bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Serum Apelin Levels and Correlation with illness Severity in Nonobese Patients with Bronchial Asthma
Authors: Pattanaik Rohan , Sahu Pratima Kumari , Mohapatro Monalisa , Patra Jeetendra Kumar , Dhal Nirjharini
Published: October 2024

Background:

Asthma is one of the most common chronic diseases globally. It is characterized by airflow obstruction that varies markedly, regardless of treatment. It is a type of airway inflammation due to bronchial hyperresponsiveness to a wide range of allergens, leading to excessive, usually reversible, airway narrowing. Asthma occurs more frequently in obese people, and it may be linked to pro-inflammatory adipokines. Apelin, a bioactive peptide belonging to the adipokines group, is identified as an endogenous ligand of an orphan G-protein coupled receptor named Apelin receptor (AR or APJ). Apelin is demonstrated in mature adipocytes and is highly expressed in pulmonary tissue, including bronchial and alveolar epithelial cells and small pulmonary blood vessels.

Aim:

The aim of this study was to evaluate the level of serum apelin in adult nonobese patients diagnosed with bronchial asthma cases and compare with healthy volunteers. We also aimed to correlate serum apelin levels with the severity of bronchial asthma.

Materials and Methods:

Twenty-two nonobese clinically diagnosed cases of bronchial asthma were included as cases and 66 age, sex, and socio-economic status-matched healthy volunteers as controls. Body mass index of cases and control subjects was calculated by weight (kg) per height (m2). Pulmonary function tests of the cases were done using spirometry. Serum apelin levels were estimated using Abbkine human ELISA-based kit. Statistical analysis was done using Pearson’s correlation test and analysis of variance.

Results:

We recruited 22 nonobese bronchial asthma cases (mean age = 38.2 ± 10.5 years) and 66 matched controls (mean age = 39.5 ± 12.0 years. Majority of the sample were females (n = 19 cases [86.3%], 54 controls [81.8%]). The mean serum apelin levels in cases and controls were 1355.3 ± 781.0 ng/L and 725.9 ± 375.6 ng/L, respectively; this difference was statistically significant (t = 5.053, df = 86, p = 0.001). The mean serum apelin levels in mild and moderate cases of bronchial asthma were 1121.5 ± 535.9 ng/L and 2150.2 ± 1019.1 ng/L, respectively. This difference was also statistically significant (t = 3.06, df = 20, p = 0.01).

Conclusion:

Serum apelin levels differ significantly between adult patients with bronchial asthma and population controls. Further, serum apelin levels differed with illness severity. These findings have important implications for disease management.
Cerebellar Involvement in Dengue Fever
Authors: Chatterjee Rupak , Mukherjee Shatavisa
Published: October 2024

Dengue fever is a common and important arboviral infection prevalent in tropical countries, contributing to significant morbidity and mortality. The clinical spectrum of dengue fever ranges from simple febrile illness to life-threatening complications such as dengue hemorrhagic fever and dengue shock syndrome. Among the many unusual manifestations of this fever, a rare entity is its cerebellar involvement. This report aims to highlight this uncommon presentation.
Cross-sectional Assessment of Body Image Perception, Image Satisfaction, Body Image Discrepancy and Dietary Habits in Medical Students of Ujjain
Authors: Bhujade Rashmi , Sinha Abhinav , Srivastva Anupama , Baghel Anil Singh
Published: October 2024

Background:

Being judgmental about self-body image and satisfaction or dissatisfaction with one’s own body is a natural phenomenon. If perceived incorrectly can lead to dissatisfaction and negative social, emotional, psychological and physical consequences.

Methods:

A cross-sectional study was planned and the data was collected with the help of a semi-structured proforma. Body image perception, image satisfaction, and associated dietary modification were inquired about, and Body Mass Index (BMI) and Body Image Discrepancy Score (BIDS) were calculated. The body image perception of participants was collected with the help of the Figure Rating Scale (FRS).

Results:

χ2 test, kappa statistics, Mann–Whitney test, multinominal regression, and Z-standardization were applied. Few 10% of participants perceived themselves as underweight, 48% as normal weight and 42% as overweight or obese. About 48%, 19%, and 33% of participants were satisfied, neutral and dissatisfied respectively by their perceived body image, and 43% of the participants had modified their diet. A statistically significant association was found between body image perception, image satisfaction, body image discrepancy and gender.

Conclusion:

There was a huge disagreement between perceived and actual body image. Overestimation and underestimation of body image were common in males and females respectively. Misperception of body image might lead to unnecessary dietary modifications resulting in malnutrition and somatoform disorders.
Is Completeness and Timeliness of Public Health Action (PHA) a Robust Tool to Improve the TB Treatment Outcome in the Private Sector?
Authors: Sharma Parul , Solanki Nitin , Vegada Bhavisha
Published: October 2024

Background:

Public health action (PHA) in tuberculosis (TB) includes six components: doing screening for HIV/diabetes, carrying out drug susceptibility testing, counseling on tobacco, counseling on nutrition, benefits of Nikshay Poshan Yojana, and contact tracing. All the patients notified by the private practitioners (PPs) and missing any of the above components are intervened by the government staff to cover all the above components.

Objectives:

The aim of the article is (1) to assess the timeliness and completeness of PHA and (2) to assess the impact of PHA on the quality of care for TB patients in the private sector.

Methods:

A sequential mixed-method (cross-sectional study followed by qualitative study) study was carried out in the Patan district, North Gujarat for a period of one year. Quantitative data were collected through home visits to patients residing in three randomly selected talukas out of nine talukas in the Patan district. Qualitative data were collected purposively from selected clinics of PPs (including a mix of PP notifying and not notifying TB till saturation is achieved) from the above talukas.

Results:

Out of a total of 176 patients from the private sector, 48 patients took all six components of PHA. Out of them, 98% were cured compared to 82% who did not receive PHA. None of the PP had heard about PHA or its components.

Conclusion:

The Public–private model for TB management needs strengthening. Regular and mandatory training of PPs on the latest TB management guidelines including importance of timely and complete PHA should be carried out.
To Evaluate Structured Competency-Based Curriculum for Health Programs among Community Medicine Postgraduates: Mixed Method Approach
Authors: Kundapur Rashmi , Rashmi Anusha , Mishra Kumar Guru , Rathod Gunvanti , Panda Meely , Bhatia Vikas , Ravikoti Shyamala
Published: October 2024

Background:

The postgraduate curriculum needs to be given a definite shape so as to make health programs more intensive and integrative. In the present scenario, most of the information is unclear and infrequent. A structured public health competency-based education is an important aspect to consider for integrative health care. Evaluate the structured competency-based curriculum (SCBC) prepared on health program matters.

Methods:

Mixed method model involving postgraduate students, faculties in community medicine departments of selected medical colleges and stakeholders from district administration. The SCBC was piloted and validated for use. The evaluation was then done based on pre- and posttest performance analysis, satisfaction survey, and questionnaires for reaction and learning components.

Results:

For a complete understanding of the program, students had to invest 52 hours of stipulated time. CBC assessment mean scores for a) problems in PHC and programmatic evaluation (78.9%) and b) identification of success and failure of programs (78.2%) were more than 75% mean score; whereas, assessment scores for topics on a) resource allocation and b) evaluation of program as write-up was 65% and 52%, respectively. As compared to the conventional method, the SCBC showed a critical evaluation score of 70% with a 0.001 significance level.

Discussion and Conclusion:

Students’ narratives were that they could understand as well as integrate them better on the field. There was enhanced satisfaction and encouragement. Structured curriculum will also help in making learning more student-centric and go a long way in boosting their creativity.
Association of Abdominal Obesity and Diabetes among the Adult Tribal Population in Tamil Nadu
Authors: Ramamoorthy Kalaivanan , Muthunarayanan Logaraj , Sundaram M Palanivel , Devivaraprasad M , Anantharaman VV
Published: October 2024

Background:

Previously overweight and obesity are considered to be an issue of high-income countries but now increasingly becoming more prevalent in low-income and middle-income countries. Obesity and overweight are growing health issues in India. It is important to determine the quantum of the risk contribution by individual risk factor siuch as abdominal obesity.

Aims:

To find out the association of abdominal obesity and diabetes among the adult tribal population.

Methods and Material:

A cross-sectional study was conducted using multi-stage random sampling techniques. Using a pretested validated modified Stepwise questionnaire, a detailed interview with the participants aged above 30 years were performed. Random blood sugar and anthropometric parameters were estimated for all the participants. Chi-square test and multivariate regression analysis were used to study association.

Results:

Prevalence of abdominal obesity was 49.6% [211] among the study participants. Prevalence of diabetes was 7.8% [33] among the study population and 92.2% [392] of them were nondiabetic. Normal WHR was seen among 27.3% [9] of the diabetic individuals. High WHR was seen among 72.7% [24] of diabetic individuals. Gender, Illiterate, BMI, and waist-hip ratio shows significant association with diabetes.

Conclusions:

The prevalence of abdominal obesity was higher in the study population. As this burden among tribal people is on the increasing trend when compared with other general populations, effective strategies to prevent this have to be devised among the tribal population.
Narrative exposure therapy for the treatment of trauma-related symptoms among adolescent survivors of sex trafficking: A pilot study
Authors: Shamsudeen Sheeba , Gupta Preeti , Sayeed Neha , Munda Sanjay K.
Published: October 2024

Background:

India is home to 14 million survivors of human trafficking, with most being trafficked for sexual exploitation. Trafficking constitutes crimes that violate the rights of survivors, and despite its psychological consequences, there is little evidence-based guidance to meet the needs of these individuals.

Aim:

The current study aimed to examine the outcome of narrative exposure therapy (KIDNET) among adolescent survivors of sex trafficking in improving trauma-related symptoms, along with psychological distress, dissociation, depression, and anxiety.

Methods:

A pre-post study design was used with 20 adolescent female survivors of trafficking aged 13 to 17 years, with ten participants in the KIDNET group and ten participants in a waitlist control group. Trafficking Victim Identification Tool and Standard Progressive Matrices were administered as screening measures. The Clinician-Administered PTSD Scale for Children and Adolescents, Kessler’s Psychological Distress Scale, Shutdown Dissociation Scale, Patient Health Questionnaire, and Beck Anxiety Inventory were administered as outcome measures. Fourteen sessions of KIDNET were conducted for the clinical group, while sessions were conducted for the control group post delivery of intervention for the clinical group.

Results:

Findings suggest an overall improvement in the severity of trauma-related symptoms in the KIDNET group, with significant improvement in psychological distress, depression, and anxiety.

Conclusion:

Results indicate that KIDNET may be a promising and acceptable treatment for adolescent survivors of sex trafficking, and this intervention module may be safely delivered in further randomised controlled trials to ensure that the holistic needs of this vulnerable group are appropriately addressed.
PvuII-ESR1 gene polymorphism in premenstrual dysphoric disorder in South Indian women
Authors: Charmanna Shuchi Odiyanda , Srinivas Anju , Prashant Akila , Jain Asmita , Kishor M , Shivashankar Kusuma K.
Published: October 2024

Background:

Premenstrual dysphoric disorder (PMDD) is a condition that affects nearly 3–9% of the women in the reproductive age during the luteal phase of each menstrual cycle characterized by symptoms varying in severity and affecting the quality of life. Earlier research studies conducted have reported independent relationships between PvuII-ESR1-polymorphism and psychological traits in PMDD and risk for cognitive, behavioral, and affective symptoms. However, as the studies are few in number and the results are not consistent, there is a need for our study to link between the PvuII-ESR1gene and PMDD.

Methodology:

All nonpregnant women aged between 18 and 45 years and attending the OBG or Medicine or Psychiatry OPD for a routine health checkup were recruited into the study. The cross-sectional study recruited 35 samples each in the control and PMDD groups using a validated screening PMDD Assessment Scale Questionnaire (PMDDASQ). Mann–Whitney’s U test and Chi-square test were used to calculate P values for the continuous and categorical variables. Tetra-primer–amplification refractory mutation system–polymerase chain reaction was used to identify the PvuII-ESR1gene polymorphism after isolation of genomic DNA from the whole blood.

Results:

Data-Analysis Pak tool and Med-Calc software were used for data analysis. The PvuII-ESR1 genotype distribution was in Hardy–Weinberg equilibrium in both PMDD and controls. The PMDDASQ scoring showed a significance with P ≤ 0.05. Pearson’s Chi-Squared test performed for genotypes and alleles did not show any significant association with the phenotype.

Conclusion:

PvuII-ESR1 SNP (T/C rs2234693) does not show any association with phenotype between the control and PMDD. However, PMDDAS questionnaire can be used to differentiate the women who are controls from PMDD.
A qualitative study to explore the experiences faced by primary caregivers of children with mental illness during the COVID-19 pandemic at the child and adolescent psychiatry OPD
Authors: Gogoi Jyoti , Govindan Radhakrishnan , Rajeswari Bingi , Kommu John V. S.
Published: October 2024

Aim:

To explore the lived-in experiences of primary caregivers of children with mental illness while taking care during the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic.

Methodology:

This study is a descriptive phenomenological study. Convenience sampling was used. Data were collected by in-depth interviews of 30 primary caregivers of children with mental illness, during the COVID-19 pandemic. All interviews were audio-recorded and analyzed using a thematic approach.

Results:

The overall aura of fear and panic brought by the pandemic found its way into the psyche of patients and the development of their illnesses during the pandemic. The entirety of the work brought out three themes and 11 subthemes as categorized for the aim of this study.

Conclusion:

Primary caregivers of children with mental illness during the COVID-19 pandemic reveal that lifestyle changes, such as online education, confinement, overuse of electronic gadgets, and increased laziness and lethargy in children after prolonged lockdown, were drastic changes which caregivers had to deal with.
Menopause and Oral Health: Clinical Implications and Preventive Strategies
Authors: Shrivastava Sarita
Published: October 2024

ABSTRACT

Menopause, occurring typically between the ages of 45 and 55 years, marks the end of a woman’s reproductive years and is characterized by the cessation of menstruation and a significant decline in estrogen and progesterone production. These hormonal changes impact various aspects of health, including oral health. This review explores the clinical implications of menopause on oral health and outlines preventive strategies. Hormonal changes during menopause can lead to xerostomia (dry mouth), periodontal disease, burning mouth syndrome (BMS), oral mucosal changes, altered taste sensation, and osteoporosis-related oral health issues. Xerostomia results from decreased salivary flow, increasing the risk of dental caries and oral infections. Periodontal disease is exacerbated by estrogen deficiency, leading to bone loss and increased tooth mobility. BMS, characterized by a chronic burning sensation, and oral mucosal atrophy are linked to hormonal fluctuations. In addition, altered taste perception and osteoporosis further complicate oral health management. Effective prevention and management strategies include regular dental checkups, good oral hygiene practices, and tailored treatments such as fluoride treatments, saliva substitutes, and hormone replacement therapy. Nonpharmacological approaches such as stress management and lifestyle modifications also play a role. This review emphasizes the importance of a multidisciplinary approach, involving dental and medical professionals, to address the complex oral health challenges faced by menopausal women. Understanding the underlying mechanisms and implementing evidence-based preventive measures can significantly enhance the oral health and overall well-being of menopausal women.
Mixed Large Cell Neuroendocrine Carcinoma and Endometrioid Adenocarcinoma: A Rare Case Report with Review of Literature
Authors: Gowda Vinay N. , Rao Meenakshi , Shekhar Shashank , Kumar Parmod
Published: October 2024

ABSTRACT

We report the case of a 60-year-old female who presented with postmenopausal bleeding after she underwent investigations followed by a total abdominal hysterectomy with bilateral salpingo-oophorectomy and pelvic lymphadenectomy. A diagnosis of low-grade endometrioid adenocarcinoma admixed with large cell neuroendocrine carcinoma (NEC) was made based on the histomorphology and immunohistochemical profile. NEC of the endometrium is a rare and highly aggressive neoplasm requiring a multidisciplinary approach for its treatment. As treatment strategies are changing over time, preoperating imaging evaluation and histopathological examination with molecular characterization whenever possible are essential to follow, to offer the appropriate information to surgeons and/or oncologists for optimal management in these patients.
Development and Usability Evaluation of a Mhealth Application for Health-Care Associated Infections among Health-Care Providers in Malaysia
Authors: Ismaeil Rehab , Mat-Nor Mohd Basri , Kamarudin Norhidayah Binti , Abubakar Usman , Fata Nahas Abdul Rahman , Nik Mohamed Mohamad Haniki
Published: October 2024

Background:

The effectiveness of reducing healthcare-associated infections (HCAIs) depends on increasing healthcare providers’ awareness, skills, and adherence to standard practices. Mhealth applications provide an innovative approach to enhancing access to information and resources while reducing time and expenses.

Objective:

The study aimed to develop and evaluate a mhealth application for healthcare providers that offers quick access to updated recommendations, evidence-based guidelines, and protocols for managing patients with HCAIs.

Method:

The study included the development of the app, followed by a pilot test of its usability among physicians and nursing staff by using the Mobile Application Usability Questionnaire (MAUQ).

Results:

The mhealth application, named HCAI Shield, was developed with four main menus. The menu includes HCAI’s care bundle: hand hygiene, personal protective equipment, and standard precautions. The information has been gathered following standards established by both national and international organizations. Twenty-one participants took part in the evaluation, and the mean score for the application’s usability was 5.28 ± 0.38. The areas of “ease of use,” “interface and satisfaction” received high mean scores.

Conculsion:

The HCAI Shield app provides convenient access to evidence-based guidelines and standards for HCAI management. Further evaluation is recommended.
Exploring Undergraduate Students’ Mental Well-Being, Mental Health Seeking Attitude, and the Impact of Socioeconomic Status: A Cross-Sectional Study from Malaysia
Authors: Fata Nahas Abdul Rahman M. , Omar Nuraishah , Osman Ahmed M.Y. , Taufek Nor Hidayah Mohd
Published: October 2024

Introduction:

The future of our healthcare services highly depends on the current generation of health science students since they are the ones who will work in the healthcare setting. Ensuring their mental well-being is an utmost priority so that they can offer top-tier quality care and services to people in need. This study aimed to explore the prevalence of mental well-being and mental help-seeking attitude among undergraduate sciences students and the impact of socioeconomic status toward both variables.

Materials and Methods:

A cross-sectional study was conducted among students (N = 364) from six sciences schools at International Islamic University Malaysia via an online survey, which contained three main parts; socioeconomic status, mental well-being assessment using the Warwick-Edinburgh Mental Well-being Scale (WEMWBS), and assessment of mental help-seeking attitude using the General Mental Help-Seeking Attitude Scale (MHSAS). Data were analysed using SPSS, version 29.0.

Results:

Only 7.1% of the students have positive mental well-being, while 44.8% scored positive mental help-seeking attitude. There were no significant differences (P > 0.05) in students’ mental well-being and any of SES components. There was a significant association between students’ year of study and mental help-seeking attitude (P = 0.029), in addition, WEMWBS and MHSAS scores showed a positive correlation (P < 0.01).

Conclusion:

Future studies are essential to find out the contributing factors, prevention, and intervention that can be done to help the student in need.
Letter from the Focus Issue Editors
Authors: Shen Ruiqing , Wang Qingsheng
Published: October 2024

Letter from the Focus Issue Editors
Titanium Alloy Bars, Forgings and Forging Stock 3.0Al - 2.5V Annealed
Authors:   AMS G Titanium and Refractory Metals Committee
Published: October 2024

This specification covers a titanium alloy in the form of bars up through 1.000 inch (25.40 mm) in diameter or least distance between parallel sides, inclusive, forgings of thickness up through 1.000 inch (25.40 mm), inclusive, high-strength fastener stock up through 1.250 inch (31.75 mm), inclusive, and stock for forging of any size (see 8.7).
Umetna inteligenca oziroma orodja, podprta z umetno inteligenco, pri pouku in za pouk tujih jezikov
Authors: Jazbec Saša
Published: October 2024

Umetna inteligenca je izjemno aktualna in interdisciplinarno obravnavana tema. Pričujoči prispevek obravnava denimo UI pri pouku in za pouk tujega jezika z vidika učiteljev tujega jezika. Poskusu opredelitve UI, kratkemu pregledu virov in poskusu umestitve UI v koncept učenja in poučevanja tujih jezikov (nemščine in angleščine) sledi obravnava možnosti ter pasti rabe orodij, ki jih podpira UI, pri pouku tujega jezika. V empiričnem delu pa so predstavljeni rezultati analize z anketnim vprašalnikom zbranih mnenj oziroma stališč učiteljev tujih jezikov do rabe UI in orodij, podprtih z UI, pri pouku in za pouk tujih jezikov. Rezultati, analize in odgovori na raziskovalna vprašanja so pokazali, da so mnenja anketiranih učiteljev precej homogena. Anketirani menijo, da ima UI več prednosti kot slabosti. Zelo objektivno in realno so ocenili tudi nevarnosti in kompetence, ki jih bo raba UI v šoli zaobšla in ki jih bo treba posebej poudarjeno razvijati, ter tiste, ki jih bo raba UI pospešeno razvijala. Tudi korelacije med analiziranimi spremenljivkami niso ovrgle enotnih in stabilnih mnenj anketiranih, saj so pokazale, da ni statistično relevantnih razlik med mnenji učiteljev nemščine in angleščine. 
Rezultati, analize in odgovori na raziskovalna vprašanja so pokazali, da so mnenja anketiranih učiteljev precej homogena. Anketirani menijo, da ima UI več prednosti kot slabosti. Zelo objektivno in realno so ocenili tudi nevarnosti in kompetence, ki jih bo raba UI v šoli zaobšla in ki jih bo treba posebej poudarjeno razvijati, in tiste, ki jih bo raba UI pospešeno razvijala. Tudi korelacije med analiziranimi spremenljivkami niso ovrgle enotnih in stabilnih mnenj anketiranih, saj so pokazale, da ni statistično relevantnih razlik med mnenji učiteljev nemščine in angleščine.
Beyond the “Fourth Wall”
Authors: Katerynych Petro , Volyk Alina
Published: October 2024

This study provides a comprehensive overview of the evolutionary journey of interactive films and television, focusing on the dynamic relationship between technological advancements and audience engagement. By analyzing selected case studies, the research examines the historical development of interactive entertainment from the early participatory films of the 20th century to modern digital formats. Key milestones include the introduction of Kinoautomat in 1967 and the rise of second-screen technologies in the 21st century. The integration of virtual reality (VR), augmented reality (AR), and artificial intelligence (AI) has significantly transformed storytelling, enabling more personalized and immersive viewer interactions. This overview supports two hypotheses: (1) The fading “fourth wall” in interactive TV enhances audience immersion by shifting viewers from passive watching to active engagement; and (2) The rise of second-screen devices diversifies content platforms and influences content preferences, correlating with a preference for interactive formats. The findings underscore the impact of these technological innovations on viewer participation and address the challenges and opportunities in the evolving landscape of interactive media, suggesting directions for future research on the psychological and societal implications of interactive storytelling.
Land Market and the “Sendoff” of Peri-Urban Agriculture in Tanzania: An Evolutionary Analysis of Practices and Actors
Authors: Haule Kelvin , Kabigi Bupe
Published: October 2024

Land markets such as sales, purchase and rentals in African cities were uncommon before colonialism. They emerged with the colonial land administration systems and reforms. Today, land markets have replaced traditional non-monetary land market practices and they are transforming land uses and or ownership. With the evolutionary theory of land rights (ETLR), this article analyses the nature (types, forms and characteristics) of land markets and their influence on changing peri-urban agriculture and livelihood strategies. Also, by mapping historically, we shed some lights on how land markets evolved before and after colonialism. In addition, we examine the land use/cover changes occurring in peri-urban areas due to prevalence of land markets. We used a mixed approach of collecting data through questionnaires, interviews and critical case study discussions with land market actors and government officials. In assessing land use/cover changes (2004-2017), we deployed World Bank data on Earth observation (2019) and Mbeya city council profile (2015). Largely, we found that today, monetary land markets are widespread and in different forms such as formal, informal, speculative, entrepreneurial, and land grabbing. These contribute to transformation of land use and peri-urban agriculture into other non-farm activities. Since these changes are mostly informal, they cause a “sendoff” or “a farewell party” of peri-urban agriculture. In case this transformation continues to be unmanaged, land markets will become a blight than a blessing to most indigenous people selling land voluntarily or involuntarily. Governance of land market is, therefore, imperative.
The Impact of drinking water source on disease transmission among pastoralists: The Case study of the Ngorongoro Conservation Area, Tanzania
Authors: Linuma Oswin , Mahenge Anesi , Mato Rubhera , Greenwood Alex
Published: October 2024

The study examined the impact of drinking water source on disease transmission among pastoralists, using a case study of the Ngorongoro Conservation Area (NCA) in Tanzania. A total of four villages located in the NCA were sampled and studied, namely: Endulen, Nainokanoka, Kayapus and Meshili. This was a cross-sectional study which deployed questionnaires, direct observation, document reviews and focus group discussions. A total of 396 households participated in the survey. The collected data were analyzed using qualitative data analysis techniques and descriptive statistics such as frequencies. The study findings revealed that unfiltered waterholes shared among humans, livestock and wildlife accounted for 82.1%; indicating that it was the primary source of disease transmission. Other sources of disease transmissions were: the use of untreated tap water, rivers, spring water and rainwater. The factors influencing the use of unfiltered waterholes were limited access to tap water, scarcity of drinking water sources, drought, population increase and tourists. The co-usage of water coupled with lack of latrines suggest fecal contamination of drinking water sources. Women were more susceptible to waterborne diseases as they were more directly engaging in all domestic activities including fetching for water as compared to men. The waterborne diseases affecting pastoralist communities were diarrhea, cholera, skin infection, dysentery, worms and typhoid fever. The study concluded that there is a nexus between shared drinking water sources and the prevalence of high anthrax (Bacillus anthracis) infection rates. It is recommended that the adverse impacts of disease transmission on drinking water sources can be mitigated through increasing supply of tap water, using treated water and encouraging community use of pit latrines.
Dominant factors for solar energy choice by Manufacturing Micro, Small and Medium Enterprises (MSMEs’) in Tanzania
Authors: Lyakurwa Felichesmi
Published: October 2024

Energy demand by manufacturing industries has increased significantly whereby fossil fuels consumption is dominant. Increased concern over resource depletion, and environmental impacts, suggests future dependence on renewable energies. Tanzania is blessed with abundant solar energy and its exploitation may contribute to increased energy access. Despite the paybacks of renewable energy, studies on the exploration of the dominant factors for energy choice by manufacturing MSME’s are scarce. This study explored the dominant factors for solar energy choice by manufacturing MSME’s. Questionnaires were used to collect data (n = 236) from employees in manufacturing MSMEs’ whereby descriptive and multinomial probit (MNP) model were employed to establish the dominant factors. The findings of MNP revealed that not expensive energy, and other factors (e.g., availability of solar appliances) have significant influence on solar PV use, while the adoption of hydro-electricity was significantly influenced by not expensive and advised to use energy. Easy access, and not expensive have significant influence on fossil fuels. The Confirmatory Factor Analysis (CFA) results revealed that all factors (i.e., environmental, social, and economic) have significant influence on workers perception of sustainable manufacturing. These findings provide critical information for policy making instruments in Tanzania for informed decisions in the formulation of policies in the utilization of renewable energy technologies.
The intersection of tradition and modernity: governance in Somaliland
Authors: Biruk Shewadeg Dessalegn , Getachew Kassa Nigussie
Published: October 2024

This study critically examines Somaliland's unconventional journey to statehood post-Siad Barre's regime, challenging thenotion that the absence of centralized governance leads to chaos. Employing a mixed-methods approach that combinesprimary data from interviews with a comprehensive literature review, the analysis highlights Somaliland's effective use ofindigenous institutions in state-building since 1991. Central to this process is the 'Beel' system, facilitated by the Guurti(Council of Elders) and the Borama Conference, merging traditional and modern governance mechanisms. Despite facingcriticisms over clan representation, administrative efficiency, gender inclusivity, transparency, and democratic values, thissystem has been pivotal in maintaining peace and fostering state development. The study underscores Somaliland's resilienceand stability, illustrating the innovative governance model's role in its unrecognized statehood status.
How to cite this article using ASWDNet style
Biruk, S. D. & Getachew, K. N. (2024). The intersection of tradition and modernity: governance in Somaliland. People centred – The Journal of Development Administration (JDA), 9(1), 17-24. https://dx.doi.org/10.4314/jda.v9i1.3         
Visit journal website: https://jda.africasocialwork.net
Assessment of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons, polychlorinated biphenyl, in used electrical transformer oil, condensate, thermal power effluent soil and dump sites
Authors: Joy Ogana , Okpashi Victor Eshu , Francis Nworji Ogechukwu , Celestine Oriji Ejike , Oscar Eze Sabinus , Onwurah Ikechukwu N.E.
Published: October 2024

Thermal power stations are the largest fossil-fuel-based powergenerating station in the country. Hydro and thermal generation combines  natural gas as a fossil fuel to generate electricity. Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs), and polychlorinated biphenyl  (PCBs), were determined in the used electrical transformer oil, condensate and power station effluent, including the soil obtained from  the condensate and electrical transformer dump site. The results revealed that PAHs had 1.119, 6.483, 0.350, 4.695, 3.314 and 0.732 (mg/ g/L), respectively. PCBs 0.052, 0.431, 1.576, 0.013 0.080 and 0.556(µ/g/L), respectively, in all the analysed samples. The power station  effluent had the highest concentration of PCBs with few congeners not detected. The result suggests a risk for the community that uses  river water which receives effluent from the thermal station for various domestic applications and the contamination of farm lands for  various agricultural purposes.
Evaluating the socioeconomic and health impacts of the 2020 flood in Goronyo Local Government, Sokoto State, Nigeria
Authors: Lawal Nasiru , Shehu Aliyu Abubakar
Published: October 2024

The 2020 flood had a devastating impact on most villages in Goronyo Local Government, particularly those situated in the Fadama areas.  This study employed a mixed-methods approach to obtain cross-sectional information on the impacts of the 2020 flood incident in  Goronyo Local Government. Data were collected from respondents through structured questionnaires, which were subsequently sorted  and coded into SPSS version 22 for descriptive analysis. The results indicated that the majority of respondents were male, with 32.4%  falling within the age range of 31-40 years. Approximately 41.0% of the respondents identified as farmers. The findings also revealed that  rice was the primary crop lost during the flood, and houses were the most affected building infrastructure, accounting for 43.8% of the  losses. Moreover, 41% of respondents attributed the flooding to the overflow of the river due to intense rainfall and the narrowness of  the river. Additionally, 32.8% of respondents believed that the flood resulted from heavy rainfall that exceeded the river's carrying  capacity, leading to pressure and subsequent flooding of the affected villages. The flood was also accompanied by outbreaks of  waterborne diseases, including cholera, typhoid, and diarrhea in some villages. These findings highlight the critical need for improved  flood management and preparedness strategies to mitigate the adverse socioeconomic and health impacts of future flood events in  Goronyo Local Government.
Solvent assisted mechanochemical synthesis, antimicrobial and antioxidant studies of Ni2+, Mn2+, Cr2+ , and Cu2+ Metal complexes of some ligands derived from l-histidine and l-alanine
Authors: Musa Asiya Usman , Gwaram Nura Suleiman , Salga Muhammad Saleh , Sani Abubakar
Published: October 2024

Mechanochemistry enables rapid, quantitative reactions to occur at or close to 27℃. It is a one-step process that allows for reactant homogenization, product nucleation, and particle growth. These processes use little or no solvent, making them less wasteful and more  environmentally friendly than solvent-based reactions. Ni2+ , Mn2+, Cr2+and Cu2+ metal ions were synthesized by grinding in an agate  mortar with pestle using ligands derived from amino acids (Histidine &Alanine) which were further synthesized to form complexes. The  entire experiment was carried out by solvent solvent-assisted mechanochemical process and ethanol was used as liquid liquid-assisted  solvent. The complexes were characterized by IR spectroscopy, U-V spectroscopy, X-ray analysis, melting point, solubility test, and  conductivity measurement. The Solubility test showed that the complexes are soluble in DMSO, DMF, and ethanol and are insoluble in  both hexane and tetrachloromethane. The molar conductivity values are in the range of (6.05-28.56) Ω-1cm2mol-1 ) indicating the  complexes behave as non-electrolytes. IR analysis showed a vibrational frequency band observed at (1620-1625) cm-1 which is assigned  to the ʋ(C=N) of the azomethine, also the new bands M=N, M=O indicate the coordination reaction between the metal and the ligands.  The UV visible analysis shows various transitions, the metal complexes showed adsorption bands at λ of 420 and 575nm respectively  because of the ligand-to-metal charge transfer (LMCT). The XRD analysis showed that there was a change in phase between the starting  material and the product which indicate that a reaction occurred, also the nature of the spectra showed that the compounds are all  crystalline. The Antimicrobial activity showed that both the complexes and the ligands have good activity against the bacterial isolates.  Antioxidant activity was also tested and the compound appeared to have moderate scavenging activities compared to the reference used.  The values indicated that the activities are more pronounced when coordinated with metal ions.
Development and implementation of an integrated food commodities reservation and management system for the Kasu Majlis cooperative society using structured approach
Authors: Abdulkadir Sa'adatu , Hussaini Abdulkareem , Ango Yusha'u I. , Mohammed Rahilatu
Published: October 2024

This paper presents the development and implementation of an integrated food commodities reservation and management system for  the KASU Majlis Cooperative Society. Developed using PHP and MySQL within the XAMPP environment, this web-based system addresses  inefficiencies in the existing manual process, thereby enhancing operational efficiency and member satisfaction within the cooperative  society. This research identifies key challenges, such as delays and inaccuracies in processing requests and inventory management. In  response, an automated system has been developed to modernize these processes. The key features include user registration,  reservation tracking, and inventory management. The system allows users to confirm their details, view available commodities, reserve  items online, check costs, and print reservation forms with email notifications sent upon request submission. These features ensure  convenience, transparency, and efficiency. The system was designed using the waterfall model because of its simplicity and ease of implementation. Comprehensive testing was conducted to validate the reliability and performance of the system. The results from the implementation show significant improvements in request-handling accuracy and operational efficiency. Feedback from users indicates  increased satisfaction owing to the user-friendly interface and timely updates of the system. The successful deployment of this system  demonstrates its potential to enhance operational workflow, reduce waiting times, and improve communication between members and  executive officers. This study offers a practical and scalable solution to common challenges in cooperative management, providing a  foundation for future advancements in automated systems for similar cooperatives or organizations.
Impact of hydro-priming durations on viability, growth and seed yield of two rice (Oryza sativa) varieties
Authors: Tandoh P.K. , Idun I.A. , Aculey P. , Adu E. , Osam Y.N.
Published: October 2024

Rice is one of the world’s main staple crops with nearly 2.5 billion people depending on it for food. However, seed germination becomes  very difficult and erratic a short period of time after harvesting. The objective of this study was to determine the effects of hydro-priming  durations on germination, growth and seed yield of two rice varieties (Jasmine 85 and Amankwatia). The experimental design was 2x3  factorial arrangement in Randomized Complete Block Design with three replications. Factor one was two varieties (Amankwantia and  Jasmine 85) and factor two was three hydro-priming durations (24 hours, 48 hours and no priming). The study revealed that seeds which  were hydro-primed for 24 and 48 hours took shorter days to emerge. Amankwatia variety which was hydro-primed for 24 hours gave the  highest germination percentage and vigour index. Highest tiller numbers at week eleven and tallest plants measured at sixth, ninth,  tenth and eleventh weeks after sowing were produced by Amakwatia variety which was not hydro-primed. Highest number of leaves at  six, eight and nine weeks after sowing as well as number of tillers at weeks ten were produced by Jasmine 85 variety which was hydro- primed for 48 hours. Additionally, highest number of productive panicles and the resultant seed yield were produced by Jasmine 85  variety which were hydro-primed for 48 hours. A relationship analysis showed that there was strong significant and negative correlation between number of productive panicles and unproductive panicles as well as a strong significant and positive correlation between seed  yield and productive panicles. Number of productive panicles significantly affected seed yield such that 82% of variation in the seed yield  was attributed to the productive panicles. The study concluded that to obtain highest viability, best growth and resultant seed yield,  Jasmine 85 variety hydro-primed for 48 hours should be highly considered.
Heat transfer on MHD oscillatory flow in a vertical double-passage channel
Authors: Disu A.B. , Oyelami O.A. , Oyelakin I.S. , Salawu S.O.
Published: October 2024

Thermal propagation of MHD oscillatory flow of optically thin fluid in a vertical double-passage with varying temperature was investigated. The thermal distribution of the fluid flow is enhanced through a perfectly thin conductive baffle, which divides the channel  into two passages. The equations governing the fluid flow are formulated based on purely oscillatory flow with pressure gradient. The  flow velocity and thermal equations governing the flow are analytically solved. The closed-form results gotten were analysed for the  influences of Reynolds number, magnetic term, thermal convection term, Peclet number and frequency of oscillation on the flow and  heat transfer characteristics with the aid of graphs. It was observed that magnetic parameter reduces the flow rate in the channel.
Unroofed coronary sinus, left-sided superior vena cava and mitral insufficiency: A case report and review of the literature
Authors: Bitar Fouad , Bulbul Ziad , Jassar Yehya , Zareef Rana , Abboud Jennifer , Arabi Mariam , Bitar Fadi Fouad
Published: October 2024

BACKGROUND

Unroofed coronary sinus (UCS) is a rare subtype of atrial septal defect. It is frequently associated with a persistent left superior vena cava and is often part of a more intricate cardiac malformation.

CASE SUMMARY

This report describes a rare case of an adolescent patient with UCS featuring atrial situs solitus, absence of the right superior vena cava and a persistent left superior vena cava draining into the left atrium consistent with total unroofing of the coronary sinus. This was associated with concurrent severe mitral insufficiency secondary to redundant and prolapsing leaflets, and a substantial left-to-right shunt across the coronary sinus orifice. A comprehensive examination of the existing literature is included, shedding light on the diagnostic challenges of UCS and describing the available surgical options within the context of mitral valve surgery.

CONCLUSION

UCS is a complex condition requiring careful consideration of associated anomalies and a tailored surgical approach.
Mentalizacja, mechanizmy obronne i styl przywiązania u młodych kobiet z symptomami zaburzeń odżywiania
Authors: Jańczak Monika Olga , Ornoch Marta
Published: October 2024

In this study, we aimed to investigate the pathomechanism of eating disorders (ED) by examining mentalizing, attachment, and defense mechanisms. We conducted a study with 85 young women who completed the ECR-R, MentS, DSQ-40, and EAT-26 questionnaires. Women displaying high ED symptoms showed increased attachment anxiety and avoidance, utilized more immature defense mechanisms, and had lower levels of self-reflective mentalizing compared to the control group. There were no significant differences in interpersonal mentalizing and motivation for mentalizing. Regression analysis revealed that predictors of ED included attachment anxiety, attachment avoidance, and self-reflective mentalizing, explaining 47% of the variance in ED symptoms. Additionally, self-reflective mentalizing mediated the relationship between attachment anxiety, attachment avoidance, and the severity of ED symptoms.
Zaangażowanie w działania znaczące i symptomy depresyjne a cechy autystyczne u młodych dorosłych kobiet
Authors: Strzelecki Dominik D.
Published: October 2024

The challenges of simultaneously experiencing depressive disorders and autism spectrum conditions pose a significant threat to the well-being of young adult women. Previous research reports indicate that engagement in meaningful activities, specifically analysed in occupational therapy, can not only increase the effectiveness of the activities performed, but also have a positive impact on overall life satisfaction and mental health. The purpose of this study was to demonstrate the relationship between the severity of autistic traits, involvement in meaningful activities and depression in women. The following tools were used in the study: Short Autism Spectrum Quotient Test (AQ-10), Engagement in Meaningful Activities Scale (EMAS) and Beck Depression Inventory (BDI). The study involved 237 women aged 18 to 35 years (M = 21.1; SD = 1.93), who were divided into two subgroups based on AQ-10 indicators. The results revealed a linear relationship between the severity of autistic traits and involvement in meaningful activities and depressive symptoms. Additionally, a correlation was found between engagement in meaningful activities and depression. It was also identified that the intensification of autistic traits significantly differentiated the level of engagement in meaningful activities but did not differentiate the level of depression.