bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Synthesis of fluorenes and their related compounds from biaryls and Meldrum's acid derivatives
Authors: Jiang Zhiyan , Sekine Kohei , Kuninobu Yoichiro
Published: December 2021

A new synthetic method for preparing fluorenes from amino group-containing biaryls and Meldrum's acid derivatives was developed.
A record ammonia adsorption by calcium chloride confined in covalent organic frameworks
Authors: Tian Xiaoxin , Qiu Jikuan , Wang Zhenzhen , Chen Yongkui , Li Zhiyong , Wang Huiyong , Zhao Yuling , Wang Jianji
Published: December 2021

CaCl2@COF hybrid materials have been designed and prepared to exhibit a record capacity for ammonia capture and excellent recyclability.
Activatable fluorogenic probe for accurate imaging of ulcerative colitis hypoxia in vivo
Authors: Li Mingrui , Zhang Yong , Ren Xiaojun , Niu Wenchao , Yuan Qing , Cao Kai , Zhang Jinchao , Gao Xueyun , Su Dongdong
Published: December 2021

An efficient probe NB-NO2 for specific imaging of ulcerative colitis via hypoxia detection was developed.
Molecular dynamics simulation of organic materials: structure, potentials and the MiCMoS computer platform
Authors: Gavezzotti Angelo , Presti Leonardo Lo , Rizzato Silvia
Published: December 2021

Molecular dynamics simulation shows atoms in action: liquids, crystals, mesophases, nanoparticles trace their paths in time, temperature and pressure in a computing platform designed for organic small molecules.
Raman spectroscopy and DFT calculations of PEDOT:PSS in a dipolar field
Authors: Nešpůrek Stanislav , Kuberský Petr , Polanský Radek , Trchová Miroslava , Šebera Jakub , Sychrovský Vladimír
Published: December 2021

The oxidation level of the conductive polymer PEDOT:PSS is influenced by an electrostatic field of ionic liquid.
Assessing doping strategies for monolayer MoS2 towards non-enzymatic detection of cortisol: a first-principles study
Authors: Boschetto Gabriele , Todri-Sanial Aida
Published: December 2021

Atomistic DFT simulations shed light onto the interaction between cortisol and pristine and metal-decorated (M = Ni, Pd, Pt) MoS2. Surface engineering modulates such interaction, making MoS2 suitable as the sensing platform for cortisol.
Effect of intramolecular charge transfer on nonlinear optical properties of chalcone derivatives: a visual description of the charge transfer process
Authors: Jia Jidong , Wu Xingzhi , Zhang Xueru , Wang Yuxiao , Yang Junyi , Fang Yu , Song Yinglin
Published: December 2021

Intramolecular charge transfer (ICT) is an important factor in the nonlinear optical (NLO) properties of organic molecules.
Enhanced sampling without borders: on global biasing functions and how to reweight them
Authors: Kamenik Anna S. , Linker Stephanie M. , Riniker Sereina
Published: December 2021

Global enhanced sampling techniques bias the potential energy surface of biomolecules to overcome high energy barriers. Thereby, they aim to capture extensive conformational ensembles at comparably low computational cost.
Synthesis, structural characterization, and magnetic property study of {Cr3Ln3}, Ln = Gd and Dy complexes
Authors: Mecchia Ortiz Juan H. , Cabrosi Daiana , Cruz Carlos , Paredes-García Verónica , Alborés Pablo
Published: December 2021

We report a combined computational and experimental study of efficient QTM suppression in {Cr3Dy3} triangle-in-triangle SMMs.
Detection of trapped molecular O2 in a charged Li-rich cathode by Neutron PDF
Authors: House Robert A. , Playford Helen Y. , Smith Ronald I. , Holter Jennifer , Griffiths Ian , Zhou Ke-Jin , Bruce Peter G.
Published: December 2021

Direct structural evidence for the presence of trapped molecular O2 in charged Li-rich O-redox cathodes from neutron total scattering data.
Towards a broad-operation window for stable CO2electroreduction to HCOOH by a design involving upcycling electroplating sludge-derived Sn@N/P-doped carbon
Authors: Zhong Xiaohui , Zhong Zuqi , Liang Shujie , Zeng Gongchang , Cheng Shuang , Deng Hong , Lin Zhang
Published: December 2021

Sn@NPC composite is synthesized by a design involving the upcycling of Sn electroplating sludge, and exhibits high selectivity and stability for CO2RR to HCOOH.
Formation of halogenated disinfection by-products during ballast water chlorination
Authors: Zhang Hui , Xue Junzeng , Wang Qiong , Yuan Lin , Wu Huixian
Published: December 2021

This work explored the bioactivity of ballast water chlorination and investigated influencing factors of the formation of THMs and HAAs under different conditions. The results will provide useful recommendation for ballast water treatment technology.
Lignin-derived materials and their applications in rechargeable batteries
Authors: Chen Wei-Jing , Zhao Chang-Xin , Li Bo-Quan , Yuan Tong-Qi , Zhang Qiang
Published: December 2021

This review summarizes the current advances on the application of lignin-based materials in rechargeable batteries regarding electrode materials, binders, separators, and electrolytes, respectively.
Rapid dissolution of cellulose in an AlCl3/ZnCl2 aqueous system at room temperature and its versatile adaptability in functional materials
Authors: Xi Yue , Zhang Lili , Tian Yahui , Song Junlong , Ma Jinxia , Wang Zhiguo
Published: December 2021

A green and recyclable inorganic salt system was proposed for cellulose dissolution at R.T., and the dissolution mechanism and potential application were further explored.
Controllable encapsulation of silver nanoparticles by porous pyridine-based covalent organic frameworks for efficient CO2conversion using propargylic amines
Authors: Zhang Yize , Lan Xingwang , Yan Fanyong , He Xingyue , Wang Juan , Ricardez-Sandoval Luis , Chen Ligong , Bai Guoyi
Published: December 2021

Porous pyridine-based covalent organic frameworks with a controllable particle size exhibited a record-level activity for the cyclization of propargylic amines with CO2.
Photoelastic plasmonic metasurfaces with ultra-large near infrared spectral tuning
Authors: Liu Jianxun , Zeng Hao , Cheng Ming , Wang Zhenming , Wang Jiawei , Cen Mengjia , Luo Dan , Priimagi Arri , Liu Yan Jun
Published: December 2021

A photoelastic metasurface with a light-induced, reversible resonance tuning of 245 nm in the near infrared range is presented. The all-optical anisotropic deformation of the metasurface enables switchable polarization and diffraction.
Pickering emulgels reinforced with host–guest supramolecular inclusion complexes for high fidelity direct ink writing
Authors: Pang Bo , Ajdary Rubina , Antonietti Markus , Rojas Orlando , Filonenko Svitlana
Published: December 2021

Direct ink writing (DIW) of Pickering emulsions offers great potential for constructing on-demand objects.
Biology-guided engineering of bioelectrical interfaces
Authors: Miao Bernadette A. , Meng Lingyuan , Tian Bozhi
Published: December 2021

This review provides an overview and recent advances of how biological systems guide the design, engineering, and implementation of bioelectrical interfaces for biomedical applications in nervous, cardiac, and microbial systems.
Large interaction energy for the homodimer and the heterodimer extracted from the supramolecular chain of a bent trinuclear zinc(ii) complex with a reduced Schiff base ligand
Authors: Karmakar Mainak , Gomila Rosa M. , Frontera Antonio , Chattopadhyay Shouvik
Published: December 2021

The coordinated amino groups in a trinuclear zinc complex participate in strong H-bonding interactions that have been analysed. The dimerization energy is very large for both the homodimer and the heterodimer in the 1D supramolecular chain.
Design, synthesis via a one-pot approach and molecular docking studies of novel pyrrolo[2,1-a]isoquinoline derivatives
Authors: Boruah Dhruba Jyoti , Kathirvelan Devarajan , Borra Satheesh , Maurya Ram Awatar , Yuvaraj Panneerselvam
Published: December 2021

This new investigation describes an efficient three-component approach for the stereoselective synthesis of pyrrolo[2,1-a]isoquinolines from readily available isatins, chalcones and 1,2,3,4-tetrahydroisoquinoline without using any metal catalyst or additive.
Ethanolysis of selected catalysis by functionalized acidic ionic liquids: an unexpected effect of ILs structural functionalization on selectivity phenomena
Authors: Nowicki Janusz , Nowakowska-Bogdan Ewa
Published: December 2021

Functionalization of acidic imidazolium ILs (addition of OH groups, deactivation of C2–H proton) changes the selectivity of the carbohydrate ethanolysis reaction.
PVP–gold–copper nanocluster based NIR fluorescence probe for sensitive detection of malachite green
Authors: Li Zhiying , Shen Tian , Gu Jianxia , Chattha Sadaqat Ali
Published: December 2021

A novel NIR fluorescent probe based on PVP–Au/CuNCs has been developed, exhibiting good selectivity and stability for detecting malachite green (MG).
MII (M = Mn, Fe, Co, Ni and Cu) complexes with a chromone-derived neutral ligand: synthesis, structural characterization, photocatalytic and mycobacterial activity studies
Authors: Camargo Mariana Leticia Munin , Schwalm Cristiane Storck , Bortolotto Tanize , de Freitas Daudt Natália , Rossi Grazielle Guidolin , Anraku de Campos Marli Matiko , D’Oliveira Kaique Alexandre , Cuin Alexandre , Schwade Vânia Denise
Published: December 2021

This work provides the coordination chemistry of the resulting compound of 2-(2-furyl)-3-hydroxychromone and nicotinoyl chloride with first row transition metal ions. Good performance in H2 evolution was shown by the copper-containing photocatalyst.
Xanthosaponins A and B, two unusual steroidal saponins with an unprecedented 16,17-seco-cholestane skeleton from Solanum xanthocarpum and their cytotoxic activities
Authors: Xu Zhen-Peng , Liu Yan , Li Xiao-Mao , Wang Si-Yi , Jiang Peng , Pan Juan , Jiang Yi-Kai , Kuang Hai-Xue , Yang Bing-You
Published: December 2021

Xanthosaponin A, a 16,17-seco-steroidal saponin, exhibited significant cytotoxic activity.
A new family of 1,4-diaryl-1,3-butadiynes based on the “proton sponge”: synthesis, electronic and chemical properties
Authors: Filatova Ekaterina A. , Tsybulin Semyon V. , Rybin Dmitry A. , Ozeryanskii Valery A. , Gulevskaya Anna V. , Pozharskii Alexander F. , Borodkin Gennady S.
Published: December 2021

A new family of 1,4-diaryl-1,3-butadiynes containing two and four fragments of 1,8-bis(dimethylamino)naphthalene (“proton sponge”) were synthesized.
A biomass-derived N-doped porous carbon catalyst for the aerobic dehydrogenation of nitrogen heterocycles
Authors: Liu Jing-Jiang , Guo Fu-Hu , Cui Fu-Jun , Zhu Ji-Hua , Liu Xiao-Yu , Ullah Arif , Wang Xi-Cun , Quan Zheng-Jun
Published: December 2021

N-doped porous carbon (NC) was synthesized from sugar cane bagasse, which is a sustainable and widely available biomass waste.
Oxygen-induced degradation in AgBiS2 nanocrystal solar cells
Authors: Becker-Koch David , Albaladejo-Siguan Miguel , Kress Joshua , Kumar Rhea , Hofstetter Yvonne J. , An Qingzhi , Bakulin Artem A. , Paulus Fabian , Vaynzof Yana
Published: December 2021

The degradation of AgBiS2 nanocrystal solar cells upon exposure to oxygen is strongly impacted by the choice of extraction layers and proceeds via a decomposition of AgBiS2 into Ag2S and Bi2O3.
The management of diabetes mellitus by mangiferin: advances and prospects
Authors: Wang Mengdi , Liang Yan , Chen Keqi , Wang Maolong , Long Xuehua , Liu HongLing , Sun Yong , He Bin
Published: December 2021

Application of mangiferin in the treatment of diabetes.
Synthesis of thermoresponsive nonconjugated fluorescent branched poly(ether amide)s via oxa-Michael addition polymerization
Authors: Jiang Qimin , Zhao Liang , Du Yongzhuang , Huang Wenyan , Xue Xiaoqiang , Yang Hongjun , Jiang Li , Jiang Qilin , Jiang Bibiao
Published: December 2021

Novel thermoresponsive nonconjugated fluorescent branched poly(ether amide)s with tunable LCST via t-BuP2-catalyzed oxa-Michael addition polymerization of N,N′-methylenebis(acrylamide) with triols.
A flexible, rapid response, hybrid inorganic–organic SnSe2–PEDOT:PSS bulk heterojunction based high-performance broadband photodetector
Authors: Kumaar Swamy Reddy B. , Veeralingam Sushmitha , Borse Pramod H , Badhulika Sushmee
Published: December 2021

A hybrid organic–inorganic bulk heterojunction for broadband photodetection.
Poly(1-halogen-2-phenylacetylenes) containing tetraphenylethene units: polymer synthesis, unique emission behaviours and application in explosive detection
Authors: Yang Fulin , Zhang Jie , Zang Qiguang , Shen Tanxiao , Ni Juechen , Zhang Haoke , Sun Jing Zhi , Tang Ben Zhong
Published: December 2021

The TPE-containing PDSA shows unique AIE characteristics with dual-band emission due to through-bond conjugation of TPE units and intra-chain excimers of backbones, and it could be employed as a ratiometric fluorescent probe in explosive detection.
Silver-catalyzed stereoselective C-4 arylthiodifluoromethylation of coumarin-3-carboxylic acids via a double decarboxylative strategy
Authors: Chen Zhiwei , Sun Jie , Ke Zhiwei , Huang Xiaoxiao , Li Ziwei
Published: December 2021

A facile silver-catalyzed dual decarboxylation of arylthio-difluoroacetic acid with coumarin-3-carboxylic acids/chromone-3-carboxylic acids was developed.
Electrochemical radical C(sp3)–H arylation of xanthenes with electron-rich arenes
Authors: Wei Bin , Qin Jing-Hao , Yang Yong-Zheng , Xie Ye-Xiang , Ouyang Xuan-Hui , Song Ren-Jie
Published: December 2021

An efficient electrochemical C(sp3)–H arylation of xanthenes using a carbon anode and platinum cathode as the electrodes is disclosed.
Pd(ii) and Pt(ii) complexes of tridentate ligands with selective toxicity against Cryptococcus neoformans and Candida albicans
Authors: Mansour Ahmed M.
Published: December 2021

The terpyridine ligand and the Pd(ii) and Pt(ii) benzimidazole complexes exhibited selective toxicity against Cryptococcus neoformans and Candida albicans, while displaying no cytotoxicity against healthy HEK293 cells.
Atomic structure evolutions and mechanisms of the crystallization pathway of liquid Al during rapid cooling
Authors: Zhou Li-li , Pan Jia-ming , Lang Lin , Tian Ze-an , Mo Yun-fei , Dong Ke-jun
Published: December 2021

After nucleation, metastable HCP regions experience the following 3 stages: HCP–FCC transformation, region regularization, and dislocation pinning or HCP–FCC transformation again.
Boronate-modified polyethyleneimine dendrimer as a solid-phase extraction adsorbent for the analysis of luteolin via HPLC
Authors: Zhang Baoyue , Tong Yukui , He Jianghua , Sun Baodong , Zhang Feng , Tian Miaomiao
Published: December 2021

A dendrimer functionalized boronate-affinity solid phase extraction adsorbent was used for selective identification and capture of luteolin in peanut shells.
Method for fabricating highly crystalline polyvinylidene fluoride for piezoelectric energy-harvesting and vibration sensor applications
Authors: Maria Joseph Raj Nirmal Prashanth , KS Abisegapriyan , Khandelwal Gaurav , Kim Sang-Jae
Published: December 2021

Humidity controlled preparation of highly crystalline polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF) films for energy-harvesting and sensor applications.
A long-range order in a thermally driven system with temperature-dependent interactions
Authors: Karmakar Rahul , Chakrabarti J.
Published: December 2021

(1) Microscopic simulation of thermophoretic nanoparticles. (2) A system with temperature-dependent interactions in the presence of temperature difference. (3) The cold region shows a long-range crystalline order under non-equilibrium steady-state conditions.
Oxygen-tailoring in SiOX/C with a covalent interface for high-performance lithium storage
Authors: Ge Jiawei , Shen Honglie , Zhou Fei , Li Yufang , Yuan Ningyi , Yang Wangyang , Zhou Haobing , Xu Binbin , Guo Renping , Xu Peng
Published: December 2021

Oxygen-tailoring SiOX/C with highly cycling stability is favorable for forming a covalent interface between SiOX and the carbon layer, which further improves its electrochemical performance as a promising anode material for lithium-ion batteries.
Single-atom catalysts on supported silicomolybdic acid for CO2 electroreduction: a DFT prediction
Authors: Zhao Congcong , Su Xiaofang , Wang Shuo , Tian Yu , Yan Likai , Su Zhongmin
Published: December 2021

Single-atom catalysts on supported silicomolybdic acid for CO2 electroreduction.
Fast identification of the stability of atomically dispersed bi-atom catalysts using a structure descriptor-based model
Authors: Li Danyang , Xu Haoxiang , Zhu Jiqin , Cao Dapeng
Published: December 2021

A structure descriptor model is constructed to describe the stability of atomically dispersed bi-atom catalysts (BACs) and the model can serve as a universal equation to design highly stable BACs.
Fluorescence–Raman dual-mode quantitative detection and imaging of small-molecule thiols in cell apoptosis with DNA-modified gold nanoflowers
Authors: Li Chenbiao , Chen Peifang , Khan Imran Mahmood , Wang Zhouping , Zhang Yin , Ma Xiaoyuan
Published: December 2021

Schematic diagram of the proposed dual-mode nanosensor (C2–C1–AuNFs) for small-molecule thiol detection.
Photocatalytic removal of benzene over Ti3C2Tx MXene and TiO2–MXene composite materials under solar and NIR irradiation
Authors: Sergiienko Sergii A. , Tobaldi David M. , Lajaunie Luc , Lopes Daniela V. , Constantinescu Gabriel , Shaula Aliaksandr L. , Shcherban Nataliya D. , Shkepu Viacheslav I. , Calvino José J. , Frade Jorge R. , Labrincha João A. , Kovalevsky Andrei V.
Published: December 2021

The TiO2/MXene composites prepared by different routes were assessed towards the degradation of organic pollutants under simulated solar light. A notable photocatalytic activity of bare MXene under near infra-red light was discovered.
Cation disorder and thermoelectric properties in layered ternary compounds MBi2Te4 (M = Ge, Sn)
Authors: Zhang Hu , Lu Lu , Mi Shaobo
Published: December 2021

Atomic-scale investigation of layered thermoelectric materials reveals the positional disordering of heterovalent cations (Ge+2/Bi+3 and Sn+2/Bi+3) in the crystal lattice (the 3a Wyckoff site) of ternary MBi2Te4 (M = Ge, Sn) compounds.
Engineering metal oxide semiconductor nanostructures for enhanced charge transfer: fundamentals and emerging SERS applications
Authors: Samriti  , Rajput Vishal , Gupta Raju Kumar , Prakash Jai
Published: December 2021

Fundamentals of doping engineering strategies of metal oxide semiconductors and various charge transfer processes for emerging SERS applications are discussed.
Application of time-resolved electron paramagnetic resonance spectroscopy in the mechanistic study of thermally activated delayed fluorescence (TADF) materials
Authors: Chen Xi , Xiao Xiao , Zhao Jianzhang
Published: December 2021

The photophysical insights of thermally activated delayed fluorescence emitters for OLEDs obtained by time-resolved EPR spectroscopy were summarized.
Predicting Persistent Developmental Stuttering Using a Cumulative Risk Approach
Authors: Singer Cara M. , Otieno Sango , Chang Soo-Eun , Jones Robin M.
Published: December 2021

Purpose:

The purpose of this study was to explore how well a cumulative risk approach, based on empirically supported predictive factors, predicts whether a young child who stutters is likely to develop persistent developmental stuttering. In a cumulative risk approach, the number of predictive factors indicating a child is at risk to develop persistent stuttering is evaluated, and a greater number of indicators of risk are hypothesized to confer greater risk of persistent stuttering.

Method:

We combined extant data on 3- to 5-year-old children who stutter from two longitudinal studies to identify cutoff values for continuous predictive factors (e.g., speech and language skills, age at onset, time since onset, stuttering frequency) and, in combination with binary predictors (e.g., sex, family history of stuttering), used all-subsets regression and receiver operating characteristic curves to compare the predictive validity of different combinations of 10 risk factors. The optimal combination of predictive factors and the odds of a child developing persistent stuttering based on an increasing number of factors were calculated.

Results:

Based on 67 children who stutter (i.e., 44 persisting and 23 recovered) with relatively strong speech-language skills, the predictive factor model that yielded the best predictive validity was based on time since onset (≥ 19 months), speech sound skills (≤ 115 standard score), expressive language skills (≤ 106 standard score), and stuttering severity (≥ 17 Stuttering Severity Instrument total score). When the presence of at least two predictive factors was used to confer elevated risk to develop persistent stuttering, the model yielded 93% sensitivity and 65% specificity. As a child presented with a greater number of these four risk factors, the odds for persistent stuttering increased.

Conclusions:

Findings support the use of a cumulative risk approach and the predictive utility of assessing multiple domains when evaluating a child's risk of developing persistent stuttering. Clinical implications and future directions are discussed.
Performance analysis of CIM‐STSK system
Authors: Bian Lina , Quan Daying , Jin Xiaoping
Published: December 2021

Code‐index modulation (CIM) uses the index of spreading code to convey information, which can be integrated with different kinds of MIMO systems to achieve higher throughput. This paper proposes a novel CIM‐integrated space time shift keying scheme called CIM‐STSK. The CIM‐STSK system employs three types of resources to transmit information bits, which are Hadamard codes, dispersion matrix indexes and QAM constellation symbols. The mathematical expression of the bit error rate of the CIM‐STSK system is derived, and the theoretical analysis is validated with Monte Carlo simulation results. Compared with the corresponding CIM‐SS, STSK, CIM‐SM, and CIM‐QSM systems, CIM‐STSK scheme can not only improve spectrum efficiency, but also achieve a better error performance.
MAM: A multipath attention mechanism for image recognition
Authors: Zhang Hao , Peng Guoqin , Wu Zhichao , Gong Jian , Xu Dan , Shi Hongzhen
Published: December 2021

Attention mechanism has shown excellent performance in many computer vision tasks, while the previous literature may not adequately consider different types of attention mechanisms or is individual elaborate designed for a certain network. In this paper, a general yet effective multipath attention mechanism (MAM) to explore the effect of visual attention for image recognition is proposed. In contrast with other attentions that leverage global pooling, the main advantage is that the MAM considers both the correlation of featuremaps and different scale structural information into account. The backbone representations are enhanced by adding MAM laterally along independent and separate dimensions, channel and spatial. Due to only a simple and unified calculation block is generated, MAM can be flexibly integrated into various CNNs within few parameters and trained together end‐to‐end. Furthermore, the topology structures of attention path arrangement are investigated using different connection schemes. Experimental results on several image recognition datasets show that the model outperforms various existing models. Finally, performance improvement through visualisation is intuitively discussed. The source code for the proposed attention module is publicly available.
Multivariable passive method for detection of islanding events in renewable energy based power grids
Authors: Swarnkar Nagendra Kumar , Mahela Om Prakash , Khan Baseem , Lalwani Mahendra
Published: December 2021

Penetration of distributed generation resources (DGR) in power grid is rapidly increasing to meet future energy demand efficiently. It helps in mitigating the problems of high carbon emission, green house effect, and increased cost of oil and natural gases. Island formation of a part of the renewable energy based power grid (REPG) creates hazards to operating personnel and equipments. Hence, efficient identification of islanding condition and disconnection of DGR immediately become essential for avoiding damage to equipment, personnel safety hazards and grid protection. This paper investigated a signal processing based passive islanding detection method (IDM) which is effective with the availability of multi‐DGR. A islanding detection factor (MIDF) using multi‐variables is proposed which is computed using features extracted by processing the voltage signal, negative sequence current (NSC) and negative sequence voltage (NSV) using Stockwell transform (ST) and Hilbert transform (HT). Total harmonic distortions of voltage () and current () are also considered to compute MIDF. Islanding event is recognized and differentiated from non‐islanding conditions by comparing the MIDF with two threshold values. This method effectively detects the islanding event and discriminates it from the operational and faulty events. IDM has small non‐detection zone (NDZ) and low computational time. Performance of IDM is not affected by noisy environment. Effectiveness of the IDM is established by testing for different event incidence angles, various fault impedances, different values of loads and capacitors, and different penetration levels of RE. Efficacy of IDM is established by testing the IDM through an elaborated study on IEEE‐13 bus distribution grid interfaced with wind power plant (WPP) and solar power plant (SPP). Further, IDM is effectively implemented to detect the islanding event created on a practical distribution network. Effectiveness of IDM is better in comparison to IDMs designed by applications of discrete wavelet transform (DWT), empirical mode decomposition (EMD), Slantlet Transform and Ridgelet probabilistic neural network (RPNN), artificial neural network (ANN), change in rate of active and reactive power, rate of change of frequency, and rate of change of voltage angle.
An effective model parameter estimation of PEMFCs using GWO algorithm and its variants
Authors: Diab Ahmed A. Zaki , Abdul‐Ghaffar Hussien I. , Ahmed Abdelsalam A. , Ramadan Husam A.
Published: December 2021

This paper introduces the application of the variants of the Grey Wolf Optimisation algorithm for the sake of assessing unknown parameters of Proton Exchange Membrane Fuel Cells models. Three versions of Grey Wolf Optimisation algorithm are applied: Conventional Grey Wolf Optimisation, Improved Grey Wolf Optimisation based on dimension learning‐based hunting, and Selective Opposition‐based Grey Wolf Optimisation. Moreover, Optimisation algorithms of Ant Lion Optimiser, Atom search optimisation, Dragonfly algorithm, and Multi‐Verse Optimiser have been applied to estimate the parameters of Proton Exchange Membrane Fuel Cells models for the validation purpose. These algorithms are applied to three commercial Proton Exchange Membrane Fuel Cells stacks: BCS 500W‐PEM, 500W‐SR‐12PEM and 250W‐stack. The analyses are executed considering several operational circumstances. Sum of square errors value of the results based on parameters estimation and those experimentally tested are calculated. The objective function is chosen as sum of square errors value. The results are compared with those obtained using well‐known methods in the literature to validate the effectiveness of the proposed methods. It is noticeable that the simulated I‐V curves momentously match the datasheet curves for all the studied cases. In addition, considering the accuracy of the solution and the convergence speed, the Proton Exchange Membrane Fuel Cells model based on the Improved Grey Wolf Optimisation algorithm excels all other algorithms. Based on the simulation results, the Improved Grey Wolf Optimisation algorithm can improve the optimisation efficiency to 99.97 for the 250 W stack while the efficiency with Grey Wolf Optimisation and Selective Opposition‐based Grey Wolf Optimisation are 98.83 and 98.84, respectively, for the 250 W stack case study.
Production of fuel pellets from bean crop residues (Phaseolus vulgaris)
Authors: Trejo‐Zamudio Daniel , Gutiérrez‐Antonio Claudia , García‐Trejo Juan Fernando , Feregrino‐Pérez Ana Angélica , Toledano‐Ayala Manuel
Published: December 2021

Beans are an important part of the Mexican diet, and its cultivation generates a significant amount of waste. This biomass contains important amounts of carbon, which makes it a potential source to obtaining fuel pellets. Therefore, this work proposes the production of fuel pellets from bean residues considering as control factors the particle size and moisture content. The fuel pellets of best quality were obtained from biomass with a moisture content of 20% and a particle size of 8.00 mm before its densification (M3P2 samples); these fuel pellets reached a higher heating value of 16.097 MJ/kg, 5.319% of dry weight ashes, a bulk density of 607.38 kg/m3, a final moisture of 11.679%, an individual density of 1.1979 g/cm3, a final diameter of 8.13 mm, a final length of 18.50 mm, a final carbon content of 54.322%, and a yield of 60.7%. Based on these results, the fuel pellets produced from the residues of the bean crop satisfy the ISO 17225–6 standard, and they can replace solid fossil fuels for generation of electrical and/or thermal energy.
Robust dynamic inversion control of flight control system based on L1 adaptive structure
Authors: LI Yu , LIU Xiaoxiong , MING Ruichen , SUN Shaoshan , ZHANG Weiguo
Published: December 2021

Nonlinear Dynamic Inversion(NDI) control has excellent rapidity and decoupling ability, unfortunately it lacks the essential robustness to disturbance. From the perspective of enhancing the robustness, an adaptive NDI method based on L1 adaptive structure is proposed. The L1 adaptive structure is introduced into the NDI control to enhance its robustness, which also guarantees the stability and expected dynamic performance of the system suffering from the disturbance influence. Secondly, the flight control law of the advanced aircraft is designed based on the present method to improve the robustness and fault tolerance of the flight control system. Finally, the effectiveness of the flight control law based on the present approach is verified under the fault disturbance. The results showed that the flight control law based on L1 adaptive NDI has excellent dynamic performance and strong robustness to parameter uncertainties and disturbances.
Resonance reliability and importance measure analysis of multi-span pipe conveying fluid embedded in temperature-varying matrix
Authors: WU Nan , GUO Qing , TONG Guojun , LIU Yongshou
Published: December 2021

Pipe system conveying fluid faces the problem of multi-order resonance failure caused by broadband excitation. For solving above problem, the dynamic stiffness method is employed to solve the dynamic equations of multi-span pipes considering the temperature effect. Combining the obtained natural frequency and the rule of resonance failure of pipe system, a multi-order anti-resonance system reliability model is established in this paper. To analyze the effect of input variable uncertainty on the probability of system resonance failure, the variance-based importance measurement index is further established. By introducing the active learning Kriging (ALK) model, the resonance failure probability and importance measurement index can be calculated efficiently. The effects of fluid flow velocity, pressure and temperature on the probability of pipe resonance failure are analyzed in detail, which has significant guidance for the anti-resonance optimization design of pipes.
Robotic arm reinforcement learning control method based on autonomous visual perception
Authors: HU Chunyang , WANG Heng , SHI Haobin
Published: December 2021

The traditional robotic arm control methods are often based on artificially preset fixed trajectories to control them to complete specific tasks, which rely on accurate environmental models, and the control process lacks the ability of self-adaptability. Aiming at the above problems, we proposed an end-to-end robotic arm intelligent control method based on the combination of machine vision and reinforcement learning. The visual perception uses the YOLO algorithm, and the strategy control module uses the DDPG reinforcement learning algorithm, which enables the robotic arm to learn autonomous control strategies in a complex environment. Otherwise, we used imitation learning and hindsight experience replay algorithm during the training process, which accelerated the learning process of the robotic arm. The experimental results show that the algorithm can converge in a shorter time, and it has excellent performance in autonomously perceiving the target position and overall strategy control in the simulation environment.
Competing failure analysis of aircraft connecting-rod-type cabin door retraction mechanism with intermission considered
Authors: LIU Jingyi , ZHANG Yugang , ZHUANG Xinchen , PANG Huan
Published: December 2021

A novel competing failure model considering intermission is established in this paper, which is appropriate for aircraft connecting-rod-type cabin door retraction mechanism. Poisson process, Archard wear model and failure functions are integrated to describe the catastrophic failure and degradation failure of the aircraft mechanism. Intermission is introduced in the novel competing failure model after considering the actual working condition and working factors. Based on the analysis of mechanism working principle and failure characteristics, a certain aircraft connecting-rod-type cabin door retraction mechanism is studied as an example. The case results indicate that this mechanism has an unusual degradation process. Besides, the novel competing failure model with intermission is effective in engineering project.
Operation bei zervikaler Radikulopathie: Indikation, Techniken und Nachbehandlung
Authors: Kothe Ralph , Lohmann Jens
Published: December 2021

Sollte eine Operation bei einer zervikalen Radikulopathie indiziert sein, stehen verschiedene OP-Möglichkeiten zur Verfügung. Welche die passende ist, hängt unter anderem von der Lokalisation der Engstelle und dem Ausmaß der Degeneration ab. Gemein ist aber allen Verfahren, dass sie bei richtiger Indikationsstellung eine sehr gute Erfolgsrate haben und eine frühe Rehabilitation eine rasche Rückkehr in den Alltag ermöglicht.
Tranexamic Acid: When is It Indicated in Orthopaedic Surgery?
Authors: Viberg Bjarke
Published: December 2021

Tranexamic acid (TXA) has been studied extensively during the last 5–8 years. It inhibits clot dissolution during surgery and can therefore reduce blood loss. However, there has been
concern that this could result in more frequent complications, specifically in terms of thromboembolic events. The indications for TXA are widespread, and this review covers the literature
on orthopaedic indications such as joint replacement, fracture surgery, and arthroscopic procedures. In general, TXA is safe and can be used in a wide variety of orthopaedic procedures,
lowering blood loss without increasing the risk of complications.
Ambulante Antibiotika-Verordnungsrate und Mastoiditis-Fälle bei Kindern und Jugendlichen im Saarland, 2014–2019
Authors: Brockhaus Rebekka , Wenzel Gentiana I. , Becker Sören L. , Wagenpfeil Gudrun , Schick Bernhard , Gärtner Barbara , Simon Arne
Published: December 2021

Hintergrund Infektionen der Atemwege sind die Hauptindikation für eine ambulante Antibiotikatherapie im Kindes- und Jugendalter. In den letzten Jahren ist die Antibiotika-Verordnungsrate (AVR) in der pädiatrischen Bevölkerung im Saarland deutlich zurückgegangen.

Ziele und Fragestellung Ziel des retrospektiven Mastoiditis-Audits im PaedineSaar Netzwerk ist es, die Inzidenz der stationären akuten Mastoiditis (AM) im Saarland (2014–2019) im Hinblick auf die sinkende AVR bei Kindern zu untersuchen sowie Daten zum klinischen Verlauf der AM zu erheben.

Methoden Es wurden alle stationären AM-Fälle (2014–2019) aus 6 Kliniken für Kinderheilkunde und/oder HNO-Heilkunde im Saarland und Trier retrospektiv ausgewertet. Patienten mit AM im Alter von 0–17 Jahren mit Wohnsitz im Saarland wurden in die Studie eingeschlossen.

Ergebnisse Zwischen 2014 und 2019 wurden 53 stationär behandelte AM-Fälle erfasst. Während des Studienzeitraums gab es keinen signifikanten Anstieg der AM-Inzidenz (mittlere Inzidenz 2014–2019 6,1/100 000). 34% (18/53) der Patienten erhielten prästationär eine orale antibiotische Therapie. Mindestens eine Komplikation trat bei 30% der Patienten (16/53) auf. Es zeigte sich ein leichter Trend zu mehr Komplikationen bei Kindern ohne orale Antibiotikabehandlung vor der stationären Aufnahme (14/35 (40%) vs. 2/18 (11%) P=0,056).

Diskussion Die Inzidenz der stationär behandelten AM im Saarland ist 2014–2019 trotz eines signifikanten Rückgangs der ambulanten AVR nicht gestiegen. Die Ergebnisse dieses Audits sollen zur Entwicklung eines standardisierten Vorgehens bei der Diagnostik und Behandlung von Kindern mit AM dienen.
Temporary Rise in Blood Thrombogenicity in Patients with Acute Myocardial Infarction
Authors: Kosugi Shumpei , Ueda Yasunori , Abe Haruhiko , Ikeoka Kuniyasu , Mishima Tsuyoshi , Ozaki Tatsuhisa , Takayasu Kohtaro , Ohashi Takuya , Yamane Haruya , Nakamura Masayuki , Fukushima Takashi , Horiuchi Kohei , Iehara Takashi , Osaki Satoshi , Ozato Kazuki , Inoue Koichi , Koretsune Yukihiro , Matsumura Yasushi
Published: December 2021

Objective Although blood thrombogenicity seems to be one of the determinant factors for the development of acute myocardial infarction (MI), it has not been dealt with in-depth. This study aimed to investigate blood thrombogenicity and its change in acute MI patients.

Methods and Results We designed a prospective, observational study that included 51 acute MI patients and 83 stable coronary artery disease (CAD) patients who underwent cardiac catheterization, comparing thrombogenicity of the whole blood between: (1) acute MI patients and stable CAD patients; and (2) acute and chronic phase in MI patients. Blood thrombogenicity was evaluated by the Total Thrombus-Formation Analysis System (T-TAS) using the area under the flow pressure curve (AUC30) for the AR-chip. Acute MI patients had significantly higher AUC30 than stable CAD patients (median [interquartile range], 1,771 [1,585–1,884] vs. 1,677 [1,527–1,756], p = 0.010). Multivariate regression analysis identified acute MI with initial TIMI flow grade 0/1 as an independent determinant of high AUC30 (β = 0.211, p = 0.013). In acute MI patients, AUC30 decreased significantly from acute to chronic phase (1,859 [1,550–2,008] to 1,521 [1,328–1,745], p = 0.001).

Conclusion Blood thrombogenicity was significantly higher in acute MI patients than in stable CAD patients. Acute MI with initial TIMI flow grade 0/1 was significantly associated with high blood thrombogenicity by multivariate analysis. In acute MI patients, blood thrombogenicity was temporarily higher in acute phase than in chronic phase.
Unusual Anterior Neck Swelling: Cervical Spinal Cord Schwannoma
Authors: Özgiray Erkin , Karagöz Cihat , Bölük Serdar , Balak Naci
Published: December 2021

Schwannomas are typically solitary, well-encapsulated, benign tumors running along or attached to a nerve. An intradural-extramedullary cervical spinal schwannoma, which first manifests as a swelling in the anterior neck, has not been reported to the best of our knowledge. We present the case of a 69-year-old patient complaining of a gradually worsening painful left cervical swelling for over 8 years. First, a posterior spinal midline approach was performed for the resection of the tumor and the tumor portion in the vertebral canal was totally removed. The second operation, the anterolateral approach, was planned to be executed in a second surgical session. The patient was discharged from the hospital without neurological deficits. Histopathological diagnosis was a schwannoma. The first aim of surgery is to treat neurological deficits in patients with cervical intraspinal schwannomas with/without extension into the extra-vertebral paravertebral neck regions. The surgical strategy combines the posterior midline and the anterolateral cervical approaches in the same session or at different times.
Incorporation of Hydroxyapatite and Calcium Triphosphate in the Epoxy Resin-Based Sealer
Authors: Al-Quraini Ahmed Adel , Al-Aodah Abdulrahman Fahad , Al-Qadhi Adam Ahmed M. , Ahmad Abdul Majeed Munir
Published: December 2021

Objective This study aims to assess and compare the influence of hydroxyapatite (HA) and tricalcium phosphate (TCP) nanoparticles on a commercially available epoxy resinbased sealer, focusing on porosity and push-out bond strength.

Materials and Methods This work was classified into a control group and two experimental groups. In each experimental group, the sealer was mixed with 2.5 wt.% of HA and TCP nanoparticles. Thirty extracted single-rooted teeth were utilized. After sectioning the crowns, the remaining roots of 15 teeth were used, up to 40 to 0.06, using a K3 rotary system. Smear layers were removed with 3 mL of 17% EDTA applied for 60 seconds. Then, the canals were irrigated with 3 mL of 2.25% NaOCl and 5 mL of distilled water. The strength of push-out bonds was tested via an Instron universal testing machine on a 2 mm section acquired from obturated canals. Data were assessed using one-way ANOVA and post hoc tests at a significance level of p < 0.05.

Results A nonsignificant difference (p > 0.05) was evident when the three groups were crosschecked in terms of void volume and bond strength. Micro-CT evaluations revealed the lowest volume of voids to be 0.1152 mm3 (2.69%) for the HA group compared with the control group 0.1818 mm3 (3.9%) and the TCP group 0.2194 mm3 (4.33%). Mean bond strength values were 4.18 ± 1.77 MPa for group 1 (control), 4.19 ± 1.54 MPa for group 2 (HA 2.5%) and 3.76 ± 1.95 MPa for group 3 (TCP 2.5%). Groups 1 and 3 showed both cohesive and a mixed type of failure, while group 2 showed adhesive and a mixed type of bond failure.

Conclusion Within the limitations of the study, incorporation of 2.5 wt% HA and TCP nanoparticles into AH Plus did not significantly affect the percentage volume of voids and the bond strength negatively.
Parafuso intramedular de redução fechada em fraturas das falanges proximais dos dedos da mão: Uma série de três casos
Authors: Triwidodo Arsanto , Priambodo Hendar Nugrahadi , Gani Yogi Ismail
Published: December 2021

As lesões esqueléticas mais frequentes são as fraturas que ocorrem nas mãos, que representam aproximadamente 20% de todas as fraturas. As mais comuns são as fraturas falangeanas, que abrangem 6% de todas as fraturas. As fraturas da falange proximal aparecem com mais frequência. O principal objetivo do atendimento é corrigir a anatomia, reduzir os danos aos tecidos moles, e mobilizar os dedos atingidos assim que a estabilização da fratura permitir. Este relato tem como objetivo examinar os efeitos clínicos e da radiação nas fraturas da falange proximal, em pacientes infectados com a fixação de parafuso intramedular que foram submetidos a redução fechada. Este é o relato de três casos consecutivos de fratura da falange: duas fraturas da base e uma fratura simples da diáfise. Todos foram submetidos a redução fechada com parafuso intramedular de compressão sem cabeça. A magnitude pré-operatória da angulação da falange proximal foi em média 30,3° (variação de 13° a 42°). Dois pacientes apresentaram deformidade rotacional. Os achados clínicos foram medidos com a versão abreviada do questionário de Disfunções do Braço, Ombro e Mão (Quick Disabilities of the Arm, Shoulder and Hand, QuickDash, em inglês), em que foram avaliados a amplitude de movimento e os resultados funcionais. Complicações foram observadas em um período mínimo de 3 meses. Os pacientes apresentavam flexo-extensão ativa total na articulação interfalangiana proximal e na articulação metacarpofalangiana de flexo-extensão sem deformidade rotacional. A pontuação no Quick-DASH foi satisfatória (média: 2,3; variação: 0 a 4,5). Não houve cirurgias secundárias, e não se observaram complicações. A fixação intramedular das fraturas da falange proximal com o parafuso de tensão canulado tem se mostrado uma cirurgia segura, com excelente desempenho funcional e recuperação precoce. A fratura é minimizada e consolidada adequadamente pelos pacientes.
Revision Stapedotomies: The Role of Periprosthetic Scar Tissue Formation in the Development of Unsatisfactory Hearing Results after Stapedotomy
Authors: Polony Gábor , Gáborján Anita , Tamás László , Székely László
Published: December 2021

Introduction Revision stapes surgeries are difficult to perform, and their audiological results are inferior to primary surgeries.

Objective Our goal was to identify the most common and most influential postoperative reasons that cause persistent air-bone gap (ABG) after the primary surgery. Our focus was concentrated on the mechanical dysfunctions in the middle ear, with special regard to postoperative adhesion formation.

Methods We performed a retrospective case series study with 23 cases that underwent revision stapedotomies.

Results A significant improvement was seen in ABG and air conduction levels after surgery. The periprosthetic adhesion formation was seen in 65% of the cases, and it was the primary cause behind the unsatisfactory hearing result in 30% of cases. There was no significant difference in the level of persistent ABGs after the primary surgery, in case of the intratympanic adhesion presence, compared with the presence of other surgical failures. Concerning hearing and ABG gain after revision surgery, the non-inferiority of the negative effect associated with adhesion was shown compared with the other reasons.

Conclusion The revision stapedotomy is an efficient treatment option in case of persistent ABG. Periprosthetic adhesions are the most common intratympanic reasons for compromised audiological outcomes after stapedotomy.

Adhesion formations have the same negative effect on ABG development as any other surgical failure, and the revision could be more challenging in these cases. These findings highlight the use of the most atraumatic surgical technique and preservation of intact intratympanic mucosa during middle ear surgery.
Bilateral STT Arthrodesis in a Young Patient with Occult Proximal Row Coalition
Authors: Wharton Rupert M.H. , Ahearne David
Published: December 2021

Background Carpal coalitions have an incidence of 0.1 to 1% in Caucasians and up to 8 to 9% in African populations. They rarely cause clinical problems requiring investigation or treatment, but are commonly identified on imaging obtained for other indications.

Case Description We report a case of a 35-year-old male with progressive degenerative change of incomplete coalitions of the scaphotrapeziotrapezoid joint (STT) in the presence of bilateral complete osseous lunate–triquetral coalitions (Minnaar type 4). He was successfully treated with staged bilateral arthrodesis with excellent symptom resolution and preservation of function.

Literature Review In patients with isolated STT coalition six reports of surgery exist, two of which were for arthrodesis. This is the first described case of STT arthrodesis in a patient with coexistent lunate–triquetral coalition.

Clinical Relevance The STT arthrodesis remains a safe and effective treatment for STT pain even in cases of occult carpal coalition. Functional range of movement was well preserved.

Level of evidence This is a Level V study.