bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Student Entrepreneurship – The Impact of University Environment on Students’ Starting Conditions
Authors:   University of Bremen, Germany, Duong Phuong Quynh , Freiling Jörg ,   Faculty for Business Studies and Economics, University of Bremen, Germany
Published: August 2022

Purpose: The research aim is to identify how the university campus influences students’ entrepreneurial starting conditions. Approach: The underlying paper is conceptual. The focus is to propose new relationships among constructs and bridge existing theories. In this paper, the entrepreneurial constructs regarding the venture foundation process are linked to extant literature on Higher Educational Institutions and bordering topics. We develop research propositions by connecting these two topic streams through causalities. Findings: We developed eight research propositions, arranged into two categories: university setting and student setting encompasses. The university setting comprises factors accentuating the specific, fertile university environment, whereas the student setting the specific status and related peculiarities. Research limitations/implications: Limitations arise, as the conceptual paper does not refer to data. Thus, there is a risk of being incomplete and biased based on the theoretical lens. The study adds to the contextual view of student entrepreneurship. It offers a sound set of causalities as a base for future empirical research. Practical implications: Through the insights, universities can adapt their offers in terms of support space and services and start tackling the students’ needs, as well as their weak points in terms of entrepreneurial starting conditions. Originality/value: The paper contributes to the current literature by presenting relations between the university environment and student entrepreneurship – the two areas that have not been connected before. This allows a deeper understanding of how students deal with entrepreneurial issues and what reasons lie behind their related behavior.
A Business Framework of Architecture for a Retail Information System
Authors:   Center for Intelligent Management Systems, Wroclaw University of Economics and Business, Poland, Czerniachowska Kateryna , Hernes Marcin ,   Department of Process Management, Center for Intelligent Management Systems Wroclaw University of Economics and Business, Poland, Subbotin Sergey ,   Department of Software Tools, National University “Zaporizhzhia Polytechnic”, Zaporizhzhia, Ukraine
Published: August 2022

Purpose: Retail is one of the most important sectors in modern life. Retail information systems support organizational processes in retail chains. Since such systems are very complex, they need to be structured in a framework based on actual business requirements for understanding the nature and sources of retail information systems. This article focuses on developing a business framework of architecture for a retail information system. This framework allows us to explore the main modules of retail information system. Design/methodology/approach: Research is based mainly on theoretical studies of retail information systems. Findings: As a result, we developed a framework that enables integration of processes in the following areas: assortment management, floor planning, shelf space allocation, pricing strategies, promotion, and store operations. Such solutions allow, among others, for optimization of available shelf space, reducing out-of-stocks, increasing employee productivity, enhance company profitability and improve customer satisfaction. Research limitations/implications: Because of the fact that in retail organizations, RIS modules are generally managed by different departments, some issues in implementation and data transfer could appear. Moreover, in the current framework, there is no artificial intelligence or the Internet of Things included. Originality/value: The results of the research can be used both by retail information systems developers and by retail managers in traditional and online retailing.
The Development of the Information Society in the Russian Federation: digital Information, information Technology and public Administration
Authors: Paschenko Ilya Yurievich
Published: August 2022

In the presented work, the author explores the development of the information society in the Russian Federation. Among the main factors influencing the transformation of public administration, the use of digital information and the use of information technologies by public authorities and local self-government are highlighted. The subject of the study is the legal regulation of relations arising in connection with the use of information in digital form and technologies related to its processing for management purposes. The task set by the author is due to the identification of trends in the development of information activities of public authorities. It is noted that in the current conditions, communication between citizens and the state is changing due to the emergence of new management mechanisms. The main hypothesis of the study is that the process of changing the electronic form of phenomena and categories to their more modern analogue in the perception of management subjects, which has a digital embodiment, is fixed. Digitalization did not become an unexpected phenomenon, it was preceded by the process of automation and informatization in public administration. The novelty of the research lies in the theoretical substantiation of the need to establish a continuous information exchange between the state and citizens by providing the population with permanent access to information and opportunities for its independent use, including automated processing. The practical value of the work is due to the consideration of the process of changing the provision of state and municipal services from the perspective of management activities and the new concepts of "superservice" and "monoservice". Conclusions are drawn about the stability of the existing regulatory framework for the development of public administration in the context of the digital transformation of society and the need for timely, point-by-point regulation of information legal relations of a public nature.
Method of diagnosing broadband microwave reflection of plasma sheath
Authors: Yang Min , Wang Jia-Ming , Qi Kai-Xuan , Li Xiao-Ping , Xie Kai , Zhang Qiong-Jie , Liu Hao-Yan , Dong Peng ,   Key Laboratory of Information and Structure Efficiency in Extreme Environment, the Ministry of Education of China, School of Space Science and Technology, Xidian University, Xi’an 710071, China
Published: August 2022

During the re-entry process of the aircraft, a layer of plasma sheath wrapping its surface will be generated, which will lead the communication quality to deteriorate and even interrupt, resulting in the phenomenon of “radio blackout”. The “radio blackout” problem has plagued the aerospace industry for many years. One of the very important reasons is the lack of awareness of the communication transmission environment caused by the limitations of plasma sheath measurements. Therefore, the realization of in-situ measurement of sheath parameters is the key to the research of the “radio blackout” problem of hypersonic vehicles.

In this work, a broadband microwave reflection method is presented and developed for diagnosing the reentry plasma sheath .The relationship between broadband microwave reflection data and plasma parameters is derived theoretically, and effective diagnostic frequency points are selected. Then, the plasma parameters are obtained by inversely using the reflection data of the selected effective frequency points to realize the simultaneous diagnosis and measurement of electron density and collision frequency.

This method makes up for the deficiency that the traditional reflectometer cannot diagnose high collision frequency plasma, and it can diagnose the parameter of the plasma sheath of the hypersonic vehicle in a complex environment.

A simulation model and an experimental platform are established, and the simulation analysis and ground experiment are carried out to verify the method. The electron density of the plasma is diagnosed by transmission diagnostics to provide a control for reflection experiments. The experimental results show that the difference between the two diagnostic results is small, which verifies the effectiveness of the method.

The method can realize the real-time diagnosis of plasma sheaths of re-entry vehicles or hypersonic vehicles under various flight conditions, and accumulate a large number of first-hand measurement data, which is of great scientific value in recognizing the characteristics of plasma sheaths comprehensively, objectively and accurately. It can also be used for the parameter input link of the adaptive measurement and control system environment. In addition, this method can also be used for real-time measurement of environment parameters of ground plasma jet and real-time monitoring of changes of plasma jet parameters without changing the jet shape.
PI3K signaling specifies proximal-distal fate by driving a developmental gene regulatory network in SOX9+ mouse lung progenitors
Authors: Khattar Divya , Fernandes Sharlene , Snowball John , Guo Minzhe , Gillen Matthew C , Jain Suchi Singh , Sinner Debora , Zacharias William , Swarr Daniel T
Published: August 2022

The tips of the developing respiratory buds are home to important progenitor cells marked by the expression of SOX9 and ID2. Early in embryonic development (prior to E13.5), SOX9+progenitors are multipotent, generating both airway and alveolar epithelium, but are selective progenitors of alveolar epithelial cells later in development. Transcription factors, including Sox9, Etv5, Irx, Mycn, and Foxp1/2 interact in complex gene regulatory networks to control proliferation and differentiation of SOX9+progenitors. Molecular mechanisms by which these transcription factors and other signaling pathways control chromatin state to establish and maintain cell-type identity are not well-defined. Herein, we analyze paired gene expression (RNA-Seq) and chromatin accessibility (ATAC-Seq) data from SOX9+ epithelial progenitor cells (EPCs) during embryonic development in Mus musculus. Widespread changes in chromatin accessibility were observed between E11.5 and E16.5, particularly at distal cis-regulatory elements (e.g. enhancers). Gene regulatory network (GRN) inference identified a common SOX9+ progenitor GRN, implicating phosphoinositide 3-kinase (PI3K) signaling in the developmental regulation of SOX9+ progenitor cells. Consistent with this model, conditional ablation of PI3K signaling in the developing lung epithelium in mouse resulted in an expansion of the SOX9+ EPC population and impaired airway epithelial cell differentiation. These data demonstrate that PI3K signaling is required for epithelial patterning during lung organogenesis, and emphasize the combinatorial power of paired RNA and ATAC seq in defining regulatory networks in development.
Tradeoff breaking as a model of evolutionary transitions in individuality and limits of the fitness-decoupling metaphor
Authors: Bourrat Pierrick , Doulcier Guilhem , Rose Caroline J , Rainey Paul B , Hammerschmidt Katrin
Published: August 2022

Evolutionary transitions in individuality (ETIs) involve the formation of Darwinian collectives from Darwinian particles. The transition from cells to multicellular life is a prime example. During an ETI, collectives become units of selection in their own right. However, the underlying processes are poorly understood. One observation used to identify the completion of an ETI is an increase in collective-level performance accompanied by a decrease in particle-level performance, for example measured by growth rate. This seemingly counterintuitive dynamic has been referred to as fitness decoupling and has been used to interpret both models and experimental data. Extending and unifying results from the literature, we show that fitness of particles and collectives can never decouple because calculations of fitness performed over appropriate and equivalent time intervals are necessarily the same provided the population reaches a stable collective size distribution. By way of solution, we draw attention to the value of mechanistic approaches that emphasise traits, and tradeoffs among traits, as opposed to fitness. This trait-based approach is sufficient to capture dynamics that underpin evolutionary transitions. In addition, drawing upon both experimental and theoretical studies, we show that while early stages of transitions might often involve tradeoffs among particle traits, later—and critical—stages are likely to involve the rupture of such tradeoffs. Thus, when observed in the context of ETIs, tradeoff-breaking events stand as a useful marker of these transitions.
Biphasic regulation of osteoblast development via the ERK MAPK–mTOR pathway
Authors: Kim Jung-Min , Yang Yeon-Suk , Hong Jaehyoung , Chaugule Sachin , Chun Hyonho , van der Meulen Marjolein CH , Xu Ren , Greenblatt Matthew B , Shim Jae-hyuck
Published: August 2022

Emerging evidence supports that osteogenic differentiation of skeletal progenitors is a key determinant of overall bone formation and bone mass. Despite extensive studies showing the function of mitogen-activated protein kinases (MAPKs) in osteoblast differentiation, none of these studies show in vivo evidence of a role for MAPKs in osteoblast maturation subsequent to lineage commitment. Here, we describe how the extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK) pathway in osteoblasts controls bone formation by suppressing the mechanistic target of rapamycin (mTOR) pathway. We also show that, while ERK inhibition blocks the differentiation of osteogenic precursors when initiated at an early stage, ERK inhibition surprisingly promotes the later stages of osteoblast differentiation. Accordingly, inhibition of the ERK pathway using a small compound inhibitor or conditional deletion of the MAP2Ks Map2k1 (MEK1) and Map2k2 (MEK2), in mature osteoblasts and osteocytes, markedly increased bone formation due to augmented osteoblast differentiation. Mice with inducible deletion of the ERK pathway in mature osteoblasts also displayed similar phenotypes, demonstrating that this phenotype reflects continuous postnatal inhibition of late-stage osteoblast maturation. Mechanistically, ERK inhibition increases mitochondrial function and SGK1 phosphorylation via mTOR2 activation, which leads to osteoblast differentiation and production of angiogenic and osteogenic factors to promote bone formation. This phenotype was partially reversed by inhibiting mTOR. Our study uncovers a surprising dichotomy of ERK pathway functions in osteoblasts, whereby ERK activation promotes the early differentiation of osteoblast precursors, but inhibits the subsequent differentiation of committed osteoblasts via mTOR-mediated regulation of mitochondrial function and SGK1.
Phosphate solubilizing microorganisms isolated from medicinal plants improve growth of mint
Authors: Tariq Muhammad Rizwan , Shaheen Fouzia , Mustafa Sharmeen , ALI Sajid , Fatima Ammara , Shafiq Muhammad , Safdar Waseem , Sheas Muhammad Naveed , Hameed Amna , Nasir Muhammad Adnan
Published: August 2022

The current research project involves isolation and characterization of PSM (phosphate solubilizing microorganisms) from the rhizospheric soil of certain medicinal plants and to determine their effect on plant growth. Medicinal plants,Aloe vera, Bauhinia variegata, Cannabis sativa, Lantana camaraandMentha viridiswere selected for the isolation of PSMs. Soil status of the selected medicinal plants was also checked. Phosphate solubilizing bacteria (PSB) were observed under stereomicroscope for their morphological characteristics and Gram’s staining. Phosphate solubilizing fungi (PSF) were also identified microscopically. Colony diameter, halo zone diameter and solubilization index were determined on PVK agar plates. TLC results indicated that citric acid was the most common acid produced by PSM strains. All strains were found to be non-pathogenic in pathogenicity test. A positive plant growth response to PSM inoculation was observed in all studies. In study 1, individual inoculation of PSM showed a significant increased effect on plant growth parameteri.e., fresh and dry weight, plant height and root and shoot length as compared to control. In study2, composite inoculation of PSM along with different P sources revealed that rock phosphate (RP) with PSM increased growth of plants significantly. The present study suggests that PSM inoculation along with RP amendment can be used as biofertilizer.
Public and Private Healthcare System in Terms of both Quality and Cost: A Review
Authors: Kaabi Saad AL , Varughese Betsy , Singh Rajvir
Published: August 2022

A public healthcare system is one in which the government governs and controls all healthcare services. It offers high-quality medical care to all citizens, regardless of their ability to pay. The benefits of public healthcare against the private healthcare system showed that the former reduces overall healthcare and administrative costs. It helps in standardising the services and creates a healthier workforce, prevents future costs, and guides the population to make better choices. In contrast, private healthcare maintains a business-driven culture and creates unfair competition for non-profit organizations. It considers healthcare as a commodity rather than a right of every citizen and may use its considerable economic power to exert undue influence on healthcare policies. Countries with the best healthcare in the world provide free or universal healthcare. These countries regard healthcare as a social good rather than an economic good and provide universal care, which means that healthcare must be affordable and accessible to all the citizens. Considering the ethical issues in the for-profit healthcare system, as well as the drawback of private health insurers, it is advocated that health insurance must be administered by non-profit healthcare providers.
Cutaneous Tuberculosis- One Diagnosis, a Plethora of Differentials
Authors: Vignesh NR , Sangaiah Sivaramakrishnan , Kumar Ashok N , Salam Arisha
Published: August 2022

Cutaneous Tuberculosis (TB) is a chronic bacterial infection. It is difficult to diagnose these lesions since they mimic various other dermatological conditions. Cutaneous tuberculosis has a wide range of variations in morphology, histopathology, immunology and treatment response and a diagnosis of cutaneous tuberculosis is very much common in developing countries like India. Cutaneous tuberculosis can be exogenous; endogenous: caused by contiguity or autoinoculation and by haematogenous spread; induced by the Calmette-Guérin bacillus and manifest as a tuberculoid. The diagnosis of the infection is supported through the direct test, culture, histopathology, tuberculin skin test, polymerase chain reaction, interferon-gamma release assay, and genotyping. Drugs used for treatment comprises of isoniazid, rifampicin, pyrazinamide and ethambutol. The authors hereby present a case series of various types of lupus vulgaris and scrofuloderma that came to Dermatology Outpatient Department with similar findings
A ASSOCIAÇÃO ECONÔMICA DOS POBRES COMO VIA DE COMBATE ÀS DESIGUALDADES
Authors: Germany Gaiger Luiz Inácio
Published: August 2022

O trabalho retoma o debate sobre as vias de resolução das desigualdades, sustentando que as iniciativas com esse fim necessitam visar à ativação econômica dos setores desfavorecidos, forma mais indicada para gerar equidade e desenvolvimento. Examina, a seguir, o modelo de ativação predominante, direcionado ao desenvolvimento das competências individuais, no qual aponta inadequações e insuficiências. Contrapõe-se um segundo modelo, de promoção do empreendedorismo em moldes associativos e, a partir dos dados do primeiro Mapeamento Nacional da Economia Solidária no Brasil, identifica-se um padrão de referência correlato. A sua análise conduz a um balanço preliminar das possibilidades de preservação e consolidação de agentes econômicos vincadas na cooperação produtiva e na autogestão. PALAVRAS-CHAVE: cooperação, economia solidária, empreendedorismo, pobreza, tecnologias sociais. THE ECONOMICAL ASSOCIATION OF THE POOR AS A WAY OF FIGHTING INEQUALITIES Luiz Inácio Germany Gaiger This paper retakes the debate on the ways of resolution of inequalities, sustaining that the initiatives with that end need to seek the economical activation of the underprivileged sectors, the most suitable way to generate equality and development. It proceeds to examines the predominant model of activation, addressed to the development of the individual competences, in which it points inadequacies. It opposes a second model, of promotion of the associative enterprisism and, starting from the data of first National Mapping of the Solidary Economy in Brazil, it identifies a reference pattern correlated. Its analysis leads to a preliminary swinging of the preservation and consolidation of economical agents’ possibilities linked to the productive cooperation and in selfmanagement. KEYWORDS: cooperation, solidary economy, enterprisism, poverty, social technologies. L’ASSOCIATION ECONOMIQUE DES PAUVRES COMME MOYEN POUR COMBATTRE LES INEGALITES Luiz Inácio Germany Gaiger Ce travail reprend le débat concernant les inégalités et les alternatives existantes pour les résoudre. On y affirme que les initiatives prises dans ce sens doivent envisager l’activation économique des secteurs défavorisés car ceci semble être la manière la plus favorable à un développement équitable. On examine ensuite le modèle dominant de l’activation, qui vise le développement de compétences individuelles, et où on souligne ses insuffisances et ses lacunes. Un autre modèle s’y oppose, celui de la promotion de l’entreprenariat selon des modèles associatifs et, à partir des données du premier Relevé National de l’Economie Solidaire au Brésil, on identifie un modèle de référence corrélatif. L’analyse qui a été faite permet d’établir un premier bilan des possibilités de préservation et de consolidation des agents économiques marqués par la coopération productive et l’autogestion. MOTS-CLÉS: coopération, économie solidaire, esprit d’entreprise, pauvreté, technologies sociales. Publicação Online do Caderno CRH: http://www.cadernocrh.ufba.br
Longitudinal predictors of weapon involvement in middle adolescence: Evidence from the UK Millennium Cohort Study
Authors: Villadsen Aase , Fitzsimons Emla
Published: August 2022

This study uses longitudinal data from the UK Millennium Cohort Study (N = 13,277) to examine the childhood and early adolescence factors that predict weapon involvement in middle adolescence, which in this study is exemplified by having carried or used a weapon. It finds that childhood experiences of low family income and domestic abuse between parents predict weapon involvement at age 17 years. Other predictors include childhood externalizing problems and self‐harm in early adolescence. Further early adolescent behaviors and experiences that predict weapon involvement are own substance use, peer substance use, school exclusion, and high levels of electronic gaming. These findings provide concrete areas for targeting risk factors both in childhood and the early adolescent period, with an indication that early intervention and prevention are likely to reduce the need for later action.
An Integrated 3D Hydrophilicity/Hydrophobicity Design for Artificial Sweating Skin (i‐TRANS) Mimicking Human Body Perspiration
Authors: Peng Yucan , Zhou Jiawei , Yang Yufei , Lai Jian‐Cheng , Ye Yusheng , Cui Yi
Published: August 2022

Artificial skins reproducing properties of human skin are emerging and significant for study in various areas, such as robotics, medicine, and textiles. Perspiration, as one of the most imperative thermoregulation functions of human skin, is gaining increasing attention, but how to realize ideal artificial skin for perspiration simulation remains challenging. Here, an integrated 3D hydrophilicity/hydrophobicity design is proposed for artificial sweating skin (i‐TRANS). Based on normal fibrous wicking materials, the selective surface modification with gradient of poly(dimethylsiloxane) (PDMS) creates hydrophilicity/hydrophobicity contrast in both lateral and vertical directions. With the additional help of bottom hydrophilic Nylon 6 nanofibers, the constructed i‐TRANS is able to transport “sweat” directionally without trapping undesired excess water and attain uniform “secretion” of sweat droplets on the top surface, decently mimicking human skin perspiration situation. This fairly comparable simulation not only presents new insights for replicating skin properties, but also provides proper in vitro testing platforms for perspiration‐relevant research, greatly avoiding unwanted interference from the “skin” layer. In addition, the facile, fast, and cost‐effective fabrication approach and versatile usage of i‐TRANS can further facilitate its application.
Reconfigurable Size‐Sorting of Micronanoparticles in Chalcogenide Waveguide Array
Authors: Lian Meng , Mao Libang , Li Zhe , Liu Zeru , Wang Zhongming , Cao Tun
Published: August 2022

Optical tweezers are considered as a revolution, allowing for manipulating particles ranging in scale from a few hundred nanometers (nm) to several micrometers (μm). Near‐field optical force allows effective trapping of a broad range of entities, from atom to living cells. Yet, there are formidable challengings for existing on‐chip photonic trapping techniques to simultaneously handle at will multiple entities with cross‐scales (i.e., from nm to μm). Herein, optical transportation and trapping of polystyrene particles with the different diameters are demonstrated in optofluidic nanophotonic sawtooth waveguide array (ONSWA) made of chalcogenide alloys Sb2Se3. The chalcogenide ONSWA produces sawtooth‐like light fields that can be actively modulated via the phase transition of Sb2Se3. Particularly, the chalcogenide ONSWA can stably trap the polystyrene particles with the diameters of 500 nm and 1 μm for both the amorphous and crystalline states, respectively. It is experimentally demonstrated that the phase transition of Sb2Se3 from amorphous to crystalline and vice versa can be achieved in nanoseconds. Using the technique of nanosecond laser‐induced phase transition of Sb2Se3, a dynamically reconfigurable size‐sorting of objects on the identical ONSWA is proposed.
Strong Anisotropy of Multilayer γ‐InSe‐Enabled Polarization Division Multiplexing Photodetection
Authors: Wang Xusheng , Wen Bo , Gao Siyan , Li Xiaolin , Lin Zezhou , Du Luping , Zhang Xi
Published: August 2022

Polarized light detection is consequential for optical communication and polarized light imaging. InSe is considered a promising candidate for narrow‐bandgap photodetector. However, monolayer γ‐InSe is an indirect bandgap semiconductor and is ignored for a long time for polarized light detection. In this work, by virtue of the indirect–direct conversation and the surface‐bound excitons, the intrinsic anisotropy of multilayer γ‐InSe is revealed by the photoluminescence (PL) measurement under polarized light. Due to the anisotropy of surface‐bound exaction and in‐plane exciton, there are significant differences in the photocurrent under irradiation of laser with different polarization angles. The γ‐InSe‐based photodetector exhibits considerable polarization‐dependent photocurrent with an outstanding anisotropic ratio of 2.7. Moreover, the multilayer γ‐InSe photodetector shows high responsivity of 7.47 A W−1 and specific detectivity of 4.56 × 1013 Jones under 785 nm laser. Based on the InSe polarization photodetector, a polarization division multiplexing that can simultaneously process four information tracks and enhance the communication speed by 24 is explored. The multilayer InSe polarization photodetector proposed in this work broadens a new path for polarized light detection, and brings a potential solution to the field of optical communications.
Second‐Harmonic Generation in Strained Silicon Metasurfaces
Authors: Zhao Yun , Jia Wenhe , Wang Xiao-Jie , Dong Yiying , Fang Hong-Hua , Yang Yuanmu , Sun Hong-Bo
Published: August 2022

Dielectric metasurfaces supporting Mie resonances can allow significantly boosted and tailored nonlinear light–matter interactions at the nanoscale. However, nonlinear dielectric metasurfaces typically only have odd‐order nonlinearities, unless resorting to material systems such as GaAs, GaP, or LiNbO3, each with unique challenges in device fabrication and integration. As the most widely adopted constituent material of metasurfaces, silicon (Si) does not possess an intrinsic second‐order nonlinear susceptibility. Herein, second‐harmonic generation (SHG) in a Si metasurface strained by a silicon nitride (SiN
x
) cladding layer is demonstrated. Utilizing the stress caused by the SiN
x
layer to break the inversion symmetry of the bulk Si crystal, greatly enhanced SHG in the strained Si metasurface compared with that from an unpatterned Si film with the SiN
x
cladding layer, with an experimentally measured conversion efficiency as high as 4.2 × 10−5 W−1, is observed. Experiments are further performed and it is concluded that the enhanced SHG is most likely due to the applied stress instead of charged defects in the SiN
x
cladding. This work opens a new route to realizing dielectric metasurfaces with second‐order nonlinearity in a complementary metal–oxide–semiconductor (CMOS)‐compatible platform.
Tunable Dual‐Band White Light Emission from Gua3CuCl4 and Gua7Cu3X10·3DMF (X = Br, I)
Authors: Gilley Isaiah W. , Creason Tielyr D. , McWhorter Timothy M. , Saparov Bayram
Published: August 2022

All‐inorganic copper(I) halides have recently emerged as attractive alternatives to lead‐based halide perovskites and rare‐earth‐doped inorganics for light emission applications. Most of the newly discovered all‐inorganic Cu(I) halides demonstrate high‐efficiency blue emission albeit with unusually poor tunability of photoluminescence (PL) properties. This work reports the facile preparation of three new copper(I) halides based on the guanidinium cation: (CN3H6)3CuCl4, (CN3H6)7Cu3Br10·3(C3H7NO), and (CN3H6)7Cu3I10·3(C3H7NO). A comprehensive characterization of PL is presented for these novel materials, which have highly tunable, dual blue–yellow emission responsive to both excitation wavelength and vacuum annealing. These have remarkable photoluminescence quantum yield (PLQY) values of up to 34.6% and color‐rendering indices (CRI) up to 97% for tunable, single‐phase white light emission with correlated color temperatures (CCT) ranging from 4851 to 18 921 K, demonstrating the excellent potential of Cu(I) halides for light emission applications.
Implantable Electroceutical Approach Improves Myelination by Restoring Membrane Integrity in a Mouse Model of Peripheral Demyelinating Neuropathy
Authors: Intisar Aseer , Shin Hyun Young , Kim Woon‐Hae , Kang Hyun Gyu , Kim Min Young , Kim Yu Seon , Cho Youngjun , Mo Yun Jeoung , Lim Heejin , Lee Sanghoon , Lu Q. Richard , Lee Yun‐Il , Kim Minseok S.
Published: August 2022

Although many efforts are undertaken to treat peripheral demyelinating neuropathies based on biochemical interventions, unfortunately, there is no approved treatment yet. Furthermore, previous studies have not shown improvement of the myelin membrane at the biomolecular level. Here, an electroceutical treatment is introduced as a biophysical intervention to treat Charcot‐Marie‐Tooth (CMT) disease—the most prevalent peripheral demyelinating neuropathy worldwide—using a mouse model. The specific electrical stimulation (ES) condition (50 mV mm−1, 20 Hz, 1 h) for optimal myelination is found via an in vitro ES screening system, and its promyelinating effect is validated with ex vivo dorsal root ganglion model. Biomolecular investigation via time‐of‐flight secondary ion mass spectrometry shows that ES ameliorates distribution abnormalities of peripheral myelin protein 22 and cholesterol in the myelin membrane, revealing the restoration of myelin membrane integrity. ES intervention in vivo via flexible implantable electrodes shows not only gradual rehabilitation of mouse behavioral phenotypes (balance and endurance), but also restored myelin thickness, compactness, and membrane integrity. This study demonstrates, for the first time, that an electroceutical approach with the optimal ES condition has the potential to treat CMT disease and restore impaired myelin membrane integrity, shifting the paradigm toward practical interventions for peripheral demyelinating neuropathies.
Hitherto Unknown Solvent and Anion Pairs in Solvation Structures Reveal New Insights into High‐Performance Lithium‐Ion Batteries
Authors: Wahyudi Wandi , Guo Xianrong , Ladelta Viko , Tsetseris Leonidas , Nugraha Mohamad I. , Lin Yuanbao , Tung Vincent , Hadjichristidis Nikos , Li Qian , Xu Kang , Ming Jun , Anthopoulos Thomas D.
Published: August 2022

Solvent‐solvent and solvent‐anion pairings in battery electrolytes have been identified for the first time by nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy. These hitherto unknown interactions are enabled by the hydrogen bonding induced by the strong Lewis acid Li+, and exist between the electron‐deficient hydrogen (δ+H) present in the solvent molecules and either other solvent molecules or negatively‐charged anions. Complementary with the well‐established strong but short‐ranged Coulombic interactions between cation and solvent molecules, such weaker but longer‐ranged hydrogen‐bonding casts the formation of an extended liquid structure in electrolytes that is influenced by their components (solvents, additives, salts, and concentration), which in turn dictates the ion transport within bulk electrolytes and across the electrolyte‐electrode interfaces. The discovery of this new inter‐component force completes the picture of how electrolyte components interact and arrange themselves, sets the foundation to design better electrolytes on the fundamental level, and probes battery performances.
Lanthanide Ion Resonance‐Driven Rayleigh Scattering of Nanoparticles for Dual‐Modality Interferometric Scattering Microscopy
Authors: Ding Lei , Shan Xuchen , Wang Dejiang , Liu Baolei , Du Ziqing , Di Xiangjun , Chen Chaohao , Maddahfar Mahnaz , Zhang Ling , Shi Yuzhi , Reece Peter , Halkon Benjamin , Aharonovich Igor , Xu Xiaoxue , Wang Fan
Published: August 2022

Light scattering from nanoparticles is significant in nanoscale imaging, photon confinement. and biosensing. However, engineering the scattering spectrum, traditionally by modifying the geometric feature of particles, requires synthesis and fabrication with nanometre accuracy. Here it is reported that doping lanthanide ions can engineer the scattering properties of low‐refractive‐index nanoparticles. When the excitation wavelength matches the ion resonance frequency of lanthanide ions, the polarizability and the resulted scattering cross‐section of nanoparticles are dramatically enhanced. It is demonstrated that these purposely engineered nanoparticles can be used for interferometric scattering (iSCAT) microscopy. Conceptually, a dual‐modality iSCAT microscopy is further developed to identify different nanoparticle types in living HeLa cells. The work provides insight into engineering the scattering features by doping elements in nanomaterials, further inspiring exploration of the geometry‐independent scattering modulation strategy.
The Effect of Deposition Conditions on Heterointerface‐Driven Band Alignment and Resistive Switching Properties
Authors: Yong Zhihua , Ram Mamidala Saketh , Persson Karl‐Magnus , Subramanian Gomathy Sandhya , Wernersson Lars‐Erik , Pan Jisheng
Published: August 2022

Titanium nitride and hafnium oxide stack have been widely used in various resistive memory elements since the materials are complementary‐metal‐oxide‐semiconductor compatible. The understanding of the interface properties between the electrode and the oxide is important in designing the memory behavior. To bridge this understanding, HfOxgrown using plasma enhanced atomic layer deposition (PEALD) and thermal atomic layer deposition (TALD) are compared, in terms of band alignment and electrical performances in the HfOx/PEALD TiN stacks. X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy reveals a thicker interfacial TiO2layer in the PEALD HfOx/TiN stack whose interface resembles more to the PEALD HfOx/TiO2interface (conduction band offset ΔEC= 1.63 eV), whereas the TALD HfOxstack interface resembles more to the TALD HfOx/TiN interface (ΔEC= 2.22 eV). The increase in the forming voltage and the early onset of reverse filament formation (RFF) in theI–Vmeasurements for the PEALD HfOxstack confirms the presence of the thicker interfacial layer; the early onset of RFF is likely related to a smaller ΔEC. The findings show the importance of understanding the intricate details of the material stack, where ΔECdifference and the presence of a thicker TiO2interfacial layer due to different deposition procedures affect the device performance.
Water Droplet‐Based Nanogenerators
Authors: Hasan Md Al Mahadi , Zhang Tongtong , Wu Heting , Yang Ya
Published: August 2022

Water is one of the most sustainable resources in the world, offering an abundance of hydro energy. Getting a large amount of electricity through conventional water energy harvesting is expensive, with complex mechanisms and bulky installation systems. In the case of the small amount of energy for some portable electronic devices and sensor systems, water droplet harvesting as a sustainable energy resource has become a forward‐looking step to meet the future demand for green energy. The ultimate demand for green energy in the future requires all the possible sustainable energy sources surrounding human society. The emerging potential of water droplet‐driven energy‐harvesting nanogenerators can meet a significant portion of the green energy demand. In this review, the recent developments in droplets‐driven nanogenerators for effective energy scavenging is summarized. It also includes an extensive discussion about the device structures from the material selection and output performance aspects. This review also gives a brief discussion on the applications of droplet‐based nanogenerators and outlines the future possibilities via the current improvement in designs and fabrication strategies that have been introduced by the field.
Improving maize sustainability with partial replacement of N fertilizers by inoculation with Azospirillum brasilense
Authors: Hungria Mariangela , Barbosa Julierme Zimmer , Rondina Artur Berbel Lirio , Nogueira Marco Antonio
Published: August 2022

Maize (Zea mays L.) is a major cereal crop worldwide and demands N fertilizers, which can be replaced partially by plant growth‐promoting bacteria. In Brazil, inoculants carrying Azospirillum brasilense strains Ab‐V5 and Ab‐V6 have exponentially grown, but a quantitative study on the replacement of N fertilizer by inoculants is still missing. Under greenhouse conditions, we investigated the effects of A. brasilense cells and metabolites applied via seeds or leaf‐sprayed at the V3 growth stage on roots and confirmed strong benefits in traits that improve the uptake of water and nutrients. In the field, 30 trials were performed at 13 sites in Brazil over 10 yr, comparing noninoculated and inoculated maize receiving 0, 50, 75, and 100% (90 kg ha–1 of N) of N fertilizer (urea) applied as side‐dress 35 d after emergence. Overall, inoculation significantly increased grain yield by 3.1%. Increases were confirmed in lower and higher yield levels, subtropical and tropical conditions, and clayey and sandy soils, with low and higher soil organic carbon levels. Yield increases due to inoculation were statistically significant at all levels of N fertilizer, except for at 50%. Inoculation with the supply of 75% of N increased yield by 4.6% compared with the noninoculated counterpart and, noteworthy, did not differ statistically from the non‐inoculated control receiving 100% of N. These results confirmed the feasibility of replacing 25% of N‐fertilizer applied as side‐dress by seed inoculation with A. brasilense, besides the possibility of avoiding the emission of 4.95 million Mg of CO2‐e per year.
Prognostic factors in conversion surgery following nab‐paclitaxel with gemcitabine and subsequent chemoradiotherapy for unresectable locally advanced pancreatic cancer: Results of a dual‐center study
Authors: Igarashi Takamichi , Yamada Suguru , Hoshino Yui , Murotani Kenta , Baba Hayato , Takami Hideki , Yoshioka Isaku , Shibuya Kazuto , Kodera Yasuhiro , Fujii Tsutomu
Published: August 2022

Background

In pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC), only radical surgery improves long‐term survival. We focused on surgical outcome after induction gemcitabine along with nab‐paclitaxel (GnP) and subsequent chemoradiotherapy (CRT) with S‐1 administration for unresectable locally advanced (UR‐LA) PDAC.

Methods

We retrospectively analyzed 144 patients with UR‐LA PDAC between 2014 and 2020. The first‐line regimen of induction chemotherapy was GnP for 125 of the 144 patients. Of the 125 patients who received GnP, 41 who underwent radical resection after additional preoperative CRT were enrolled. We evaluated the prognostic factors for this treatment strategy.

Results

The median length of preoperative GnP was 8.8 months, and 30 (73%) patients had normalized CA19‐9 levels. R0 resection was achieved in 36 (88%) patients. Postoperative major complications of ≥Clavien–Dindo grade IIIa developed in 16 (39%) patients. With a median follow‐up of 35.2 months, 14 (34%) patients developed distant metastasis postoperatively. Using the Kaplan–Meier method, prognostic analysis of the 41 cases revealed the 3‐y overall survival rate (OS) was 77.4% and the 5‐y OS was 58.6%. In univariate analysis, length of preoperative GnP (≥8 months), CA19‐9 normalization, and good nutritional status at operation (prognostic nutritional index ≥41.7) were significantly associated with favorable prognosis. Multivariate analysis revealed CA19‐9 normalization (hazard ratio [HR] 0.23; P = .032) and prognostic nutritional index ≥41.7 (HR 0.05; P = .021) were independent prognostic factors.

Conclusion

For surgical outcome after induction GnP and subsequent CRT for UR‐LA PDAC, CA19‐9 normalization and maintenance of good nutritional status during treatment until surgery were important for prolonged prognosis.
Synthesis of 1,3‐Dicarbonyl Compounds usingN‐Cbz Amides as an Acyl Source under Transition‐metal‐free Conditions at Room Temperature
Authors: Singh Shweta , Kandasamy Jeyakumar
Published: August 2022

A wide range of functionalizedN‐Cbz amides underwent base‐promoted C−C coupling reactions with enolizable esters, ketones and amides to afford 1,3‐dicarbonyl compounds under mild conditions. The reactions proceeded at room temperature in the presence of LiHMDS in cyclopentyl methyl ether (CPME). The desired β‐ketoesters, β‐keto amides and 1,3‐diketones were obtained in good to excellent yields in a short reaction time. Broad substrate scope, functional group tolerance and metal‐free conditions are the merits of the developed methodology.
Entanglement Hamiltonians: From Field Theory to Lattice Models and Experiments
Authors: Dalmonte Marcello , Eisler Viktor , Falconi Marco , Vermersch Benoît
Published: August 2022

Results about entanglement (or modular) Hamiltonians of quantum many‐body systems in field theory and statistical mechanics models, and recent applications in the context of quantum information and quantum simulation, are reviewed. In the first part of the review, what is known about entanglement Hamiltonians of ground states (vacua) in quantum field theory is summarized, based on the Bisognano–Wichmann theorem and its extension to conformal field theory. This is complemented with a more rigorous mathematical discussion of the Bisognano–Wichmann theorem, within the framework of Tomita–Takesaki theorem of modular groups. The second part of the review is devoted to lattice models. There, exactly soluble cases are first considered and then the discussion is extended to non‐integrable models, whose entanglement Hamiltonian is often well captured by the lattice version of the Bisognano–Wichmann theorem. In the last part of the review, recently developed applications in quantum information processing that rely upon the specific properties of entanglement Hamiltonians in many‐body systems are summarized. These include protocols to measure entanglement spectra, and schemes to perform state tomography.
Enantioselective Copper‐Catalyzed Formal [2+1] and [4+1] Annulations of Diynes with Ketones via Carbonyl Ylides
Authors: Qi Lin‐Jun , Li Cui‐Ting , Huang Zheng‐Qi , Jiang Jia‐Tian , Zhu Xin‐Qi , Lu Xin , Ye Long‐Wu
Published: August 2022

Carbonyl ylides have proven to be powerful synthons for the efficient construction of various valuable O‐heterocycles, and the formation of carbonyl ylides by the reaction of metal carbenes with carbonyls has attracted increasing attention over the past decades. However, a catalyst‐controlled highly enantioselective reaction of carbonyl ylides from metal carbenes is extremely challenging. Herein, we report a novel copper‐catalyzed asymmetric formal [2+1] and [4+1] annulations of diynes with ketones via carbonyl ylides. Importantly, this protocol not only represents the first example of successful asymmetric epoxidation via carbonyl ylides, but also constitutes the first reaction of vinyl cations with carbonyl compounds. This method leads to the divergent, practical and atom‐economical synthesis of a range of chiral oxiranes and dihydrofurans in moderate to excellent yields with generally excellent enantioselectivities and diastereoselectivities via remote‐stereocontrol strategy.
Recent Advances in the Modification and Characterization of Solid‐State Nanopores
Authors: Lu Wenqi , Cao Yuchen , Qing Guangyan
Published: August 2022

Nanopores, due to their advantages of being modifiable, controllability and sensitivity, have made a splash in recent years in the fields of biomolecular sequencing, small molecule detection, salt differential power generation, and biomimetic ion channels. In these applications, the role of chemical or biological modification is indispensable. Compared with small molecules, the modification of polymers is more difficult and the methods are more diverse. Choosing an appropriate modification method directly determines the success or failure of a research project; therefore, it is necessary to summarize polymer modification methods toward nanopores. In addition, it is also important to provide clear and convincing evidence that the nanopore modification is successful, the corresponding characterization methods are also indispensable. Therefore, this review will summarize the methods of polymer modification of nanopores and efficient characterization methods. We hope that this review will provide some reference value for like‐minded researchers.
Chalcones, a Privileged Scaffold: Highly Versatile Molecules in [4+2] Cycloadditions
Authors: Mastachi‐Loza Salvador , Ramírez‐Candelero Tania I. , Benítez‐Puebla Luis J. , Fuentes‐Benítes Aydeé , González‐Romero Carlos , Vázquez Miguel A.
Published: August 2022

Chalcones are aromatic ketones found in nature as the central core of many biological compounds. They have a wide range of biological activity and are biogenetic precursors of other important molecules such as flavonoids. Their pharmacological relevance makes them a privileged scaffold, advantageous for seeking alternative therapies in medicinal chemistry. Due to their structural diversity and ease of synthesis, they are often employed as building blocks for chemical transformations. Chalcones have a carbonyl conjugated system with two electrophilic centers that are commonly used for nucleophilic additions, as described in numerous articles. They can also participate in Diels‐Alder reactions, which are [4+2] cycloadditions between a diene and a dienophile. This microreview presents a chronological survey of studies on chalcones as dienes and dienophiles in Diels‐Alder cycloadditions. Although these reactions occur in nature, isolation of chalcones from plants yields very small quantities. Contrarily, synthesis leads to large quantities at a low cost. Hence, novel methodologies have been developed for [4+2] cycloadditions, with chalcones serving as a 2π or 4π electron system.