bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Mycobacterium tuberculosisPstS1 amplifies IFN‐γ and induces IL‐17/IL‐22 responses by unrelated memory CD4+T cells via dendritic cell activation
Authors: Palma Carla , Schiavoni Giovanna , Abalsamo Laura , Mattei Fabrizio , Piccaro Giovanni , Sanchez Massimo , Fernandez Carmen , Singh Mahavir , Gabriele Lucia
Published: May 2013

The immunological mechanisms that modulate protection during Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb) infection or vaccination are not fully understood. Secretion of IFN‐γ and, to a lesser extent, of IL‐17 by CD4+ T cells plays a major role both in protection and immunopathology. Few Mtb Ags interacting with DCs affect priming, activation, and regulation of Ag‐unrelated CD4+ T‐cell responses. Here we demonstrate that PstS1, a 38 kDa‐lipoprotein of Mtb, promotes Ag‐independent activation of memory T lymphocytes specific for Ag85B or Ag85A, two immunodominant protective Ags of Mtb. PstS1 expands CD4+ and CD8+ memory T cells, amplifies secretion of IFN‐γ and IL‐22 and induces IL‐17 production by effector memory cells in an Ag‐unrelated manner in vitro and in vivo. These effects were mediated through the stimulation of DCs, particularly of the CD8α− subtype, which respond to PstS1 by undergoing phenotypic maturation and by secreting IL‐6, IL‐1β and, to a lower extent, IL‐23. IL‐6 secretion by PstS1‐stimulated DCs was required for IFN‐γ, and to a lesser extent for IL‐22 responses by Ag85B‐specific memory T cells. These results may open new perspectives for immunotherapeutic strategies to control Th1/Th17 immune responses in Mtb infections and in vaccinations against tuberculosis.
Modulation of Treg cells/T effector function by GITR signaling is context–dependent
Authors: Ephrem Amal , Epstein Alan L. , Stephens Geoffrey L. , Thornton Angela M. , Glass Deborah , Shevach Ethan M.
Published: May 2013

Treg cells express high levels of the glucocorticoid‐induced tumor necrosis factor‐related receptor (GITR), while resting conventional T (Tconv) cells express low levels that are increased upon activation. Manipulation of GITR/GITR‐Ligand (GITR‐L) interactions results in enhancement of immune responses, but it remains unclear whether this enhancement is secondary to costimulation of Tconv cells or to reversal of Treg‐cell‐mediated suppression. Here, we used a nondepleting Fc‐GITR‐L and combinations of WT and GITR KO Treg cells and Tconv cells to reexamine the effects of GITR stimulation on each subpopulation in both unmanipulated mice and mice with inflammatory bowel disease. Treatment of mice with Fc‐GITR‐L resulted in significant expansion of Treg cells and a modest expansion of Tconv cells. When RAG KO mice were reconstituted with Tconv cells alone, GITR‐L resulted in Tconv‐cell expansion and severe inflammatory bowel disease. The protective effect of Treg cells was lost in the presence of Fc‐GITR‐L, secondary to death of the Treg cells. When RAG KO mice were reconstituted with Treg cells alone, the transferred cells expanded normally, and Fc‐GITR‐L treatment resulted in a loss of Foxp3 expression, but the ex‐Treg cells did not cause any pathology. The effects of GITR activation are complex and depend on the host environment and the activation state of the Treg cells and T effector cells.
Stability and the justification of social inequality
Authors: Laurin Kristin , Gaucher Danielle , Kay Aaron
Published: May 2013

Modern society is rife with inequality. People's interpretations of these inequalities, however, vary considerably: Different people can interpret, for example, the existing gender gap in wages as being the result of systemic discrimination, or as being the fair and natural result of genuine differences between men and women. Here, we examine one factor that may help explain differing interpretations of existing social inequalities: perceptions of system stability. System justification theory proposes that people are often motivated to rationalize and justify the systems within which they operate, legitimizing whatever social inequalities are present within them. We draw on theories and evidence of rationalization more broadly to predict that people should be most likely to legitimize inequalities in their systems when they perceive those systems as stable and unchanging. In one study, participants who witnessed stability, rather than change, in the domain of gender equality in business subsequently reported less willingness to support programs designed to redress inequalities in completely unrelated domains. In a second study, exposure to the mere concept of stability, via a standard priming procedure, led participants to spontaneously produce legitimizing, rather than blaming, explanations for existing gender inequality in their country. This effect, however, emerged only among politically liberal participants. These findings contribute to an emerging body of research that aims to identify the conditions that promote, and those which prevent, system‐justifying tendencies. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Influence of essential oil composition on water distillation kinetics
Authors: Benyoussef El‐Hadi , Saibi Sabrina
Published: May 2013

The aim of this study was to develop mathematical models for essential oils hydrodistillation on the basis of their components’ contribution taking into account both qualitative and quantitative aspects. This modelling approach was applied to water distillation of essential oils from coriander seeds, aniseeds and eucalyptus leaves. The results showed that the assumption considering the essential oil as a pseudo‐component with constant physical properties, already adopted in several models, is not verified when there is a variation in essential oil composition during the extraction process. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Comparison of the aromatic profile of three aromatic varieties of Peruvian pisco (Albilla, Muscat and Torontel) by chemical analysis and gas chromatography–olfactometry
Authors: Cacho Juan , Moncayo Liliana , Palma Juan Carlos , Ferreira Vicente , Culleré Laura
Published: May 2013

Forty‐five samples of commercial pisco made with Albilla, Muscat and Torontel grapes in different areas of Peru have been evaluated by gas chromatography–olfactometry (GC‐O) and chemical quantitative analysis. The GC‐O study revealed that the Peruvian pisco made of these varieties of grapes has an aroma profile formed by nearly 30 odorants. The odorant 2,3‐pentanedione was detected only in the Albilla sample, producing significant differences. The chemical analysis of the volatiles of these samples showed volatile profiles quite typical of a wine distillate. The Torontel samples (considered the most aromatic variety) were marked by high levels of terpenes and β‐damascenone, the Albilla samples showed the lowest values of terpenes, which may explain their low scores obtained during the sensory analysis, while the Muscat samples showed intermediate levels of this family of compounds and were characterized by high concentrations of benzyl alcohol and β‐phenylethanol. Furthermore, an evaluation of the sensory contribution of terpenes in these piscos was carried out, demonstrating that linalool is the most odour‐active terpene, exceeding its odour threshold in 34 out of 45 piscos analysed. However, the other terpenes should also be considered as important contributors to the aroma of piscos because a certain degree of cooperation between the components of this family has been demonstrated. The quantitative analysis data allowed us to distinguish pisco samples according to their variety and could explain some sensory differences observed depending on the nature of the grapes. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Social relations and depression in late life—A systematic review
Authors: Schwarzbach Michaela , Luppa Melanie , Forstmeier Simon , König Hans‐Helmut , Riedel‐Heller Steffi G.
Published: May 2013

Objective

Social relations have become the focus of much research attention when studying depressive symptoms in older adults. Research indicates that social support and being embedded in a network may reduce the risk for depression. The aim of the review was to analyze the association of social relations and depression in older adults.

Methods

Electronic databases were searched systematically for potentially relevant articles published from January 2000 to December 2012. Thirty‐seven studies met the inclusion criteria for this review.

Results

Factors of social relations were categorized into 12 domains. Factors regarding the qualitative aspects of social relations seem to be more consistent among studies and therefore provide more explicit results. Thus, social support, quality of relations, and presence of confidants were identified as factors of social relations significantly associated with depression. The quantitative aspects of social relations seem to be more inconsistent. Cultural differences become most obvious in terms of the quantitative aspects of social relations.

Conclusion

Despite the inconsistent results and the methodological limitations of the studies, this review identified a number of factors of social relations that are significantly associated with depression. The review indicates that it is needful to investigate social relations in all their complexity and not reduce them to one dimension. Simultaneously, it is important to conduct longitudinal studies because studies with cross‐sectional design do not allow us to draw conclusions on causality. Beyond that, cultural differences need to be considered. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Parallel systems in the control of speech
Authors: Simmonds Anna J. , Wise Richard J.S. , Collins Catherine , Redjep Ozlem , Sharp David J. , Iverson Paul , Leech Robert
Published: May 2013

Modern neuroimaging techniques have advanced our understanding of the distributed anatomy of speech production, beyond that inferred from clinico‐pathological correlations. However, much remains unknown about functional interactions between anatomically distinct components of this speech production network. One reason for this is the need to separate spatially overlapping neural signals supporting diverse cortical functions. We took three separate human functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) datasets (two speech production, one “rest”). In each we decomposed the neural activity within the left posterior perisylvian speech region into discrete components. This decomposition robustly identified two overlapping spatio‐temporal components, one centered on the left posterior superior temporal gyrus (pSTG), the other on the adjacent ventral anterior parietal lobe (vAPL). The pSTG was functionally connected with bilateral superior temporal and inferior frontal regions, whereas the vAPL was connected with other parietal regions, lateral and medial. Surprisingly, the components displayed spatial anti‐correlation, in which the negative functional connectivity of each component overlapped with the other component's positive functional connectivity, suggesting that these two systems operate separately and possibly in competition. The speech tasks reliably modulated activity in both pSTG and vAPL suggesting they are involved in speech production, but their activity patterns dissociate in response to different speech demands. These components were also identified in subjects at “rest” and not engaged in overt speech production. These findings indicate that the neural architecture underlying speech production involves parallel distinct components that converge within posterior peri‐sylvian cortex, explaining, in part, why this region is so important for speech production. Hum Brain Mapp 35:1930–1943, 2014. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Longitudinally guided level sets for consistent tissue segmentation of neonates
Authors: Wang Li , Shi Feng , Yap Pew‐Thian , Lin Weili , Gilmore John H. , Shen Dinggang
Published: May 2013

Abstract: The article to which this erratum refers was published in Hum Brain Mapp 2013 DOI:
10.1002/hbm.21486. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
The theoretical foundation and research progress for WBRT combined with erlotinib for the treatment of multiple brain metastases in patients with lung adenocarcinoma
Authors: Zhuang Hongqing , Wang Jun , Zhao Lujun , Yuan Zhiyong , Wang Ping
Published: May 2013

Tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs) have revolutionized the treatment of lung adenocarcinoma, and a theoretical basis exists for utilising whole brain radiotherapy (WBRT) combined with erlotinib for the treatment for brain metastases in patients with lung adenocarcinoma. This therapeutic regimen has the potential to be a revolutionary treatment for which the most appropriate indication is lung adenocarcinoma. Currently, there is no difference in the treatment of brain metastasis, especially multiple brain metastases, in patients with lung adenocarcinoma of patients with other lung carcinomas. Furthermore, limited clinical trials that combine a TKI with WBRT to treat multiple lung adenocarcinoma metastases have been conducted, and many clinical questions remain unanswered. Lung adenocarcinoma has a high propensity to metastasize to the brain, and targeted therapy has been widely used; however, clinical trials are necessary to provide data to support the combination of erlotinib and WBRT.
MULTIPLE EVENT INCIDENCE AND DURATION ANALYSIS FOR CREDIT DATA INCORPORATING NON‐STOCHASTIC LOAN MATURITY
Authors: Watkins John G. T. , Vasnev Andrey L. , Gerlach Richard
Published: May 2013

Applications of duration analysis in economics and finance exclusively employ methods for events of stochastic duration. In application to credit data, previous research incorrectly treats the time to predetermined maturity events as censored stochastic event times. The medical literature has binary parametric ‘cure rate’ models that deal with populations that never experienced the modelled event. We propose and develop a multinomial parametric incidence and duration model, incorporating such populations. In the class of cure rate models, this is the first fully parametric multinomial model and is the first framework to accommodate an event with predetermined duration. The methodology is applied to unsecured personal loan credit data provided by one of Australia's largest financial services organizations. This framework is shown to be more flexible and predictive through a simulation and empirical study that reveals: simulation results of estimated parameters with a large reduction in bias; superior forecasting of duration; explanatory variables can act in different directions upon incidence and duration; and variables exist that are statistically significant in explaining only incidence or duration. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Dermal irritation of petrolatum in rabbits but not in mice, rats or minipigs
Authors: Chandra S. A. , Peterson R. A. , Melich D. , Merrill C. M. , Bailey D. , Mellon‐Kusibab K. , Adler R.
Published: May 2013

Petrolatum is widely used in cosmetics, topical pharmaceuticals and also as a vehicle in dermal toxicity studies. New Zealand white rabbits treated with white petrolatum (vehicle control) in a 2‐week dermal irritation study exhibited moderate to severe erythema starting on Day 7 that subsided towards the end of the study. Histological examination of abraded and non‐abraded petrolatum‐treated skin obtained at termination (Day 15) revealed mild acanthosis, hyperkeratosis, dermal edema with mixed inflammatory cells in the dermis. Macroscopic and microscopic features noted in rabbits were consistent with dermal irritation to petrolatum. Wistar‐Han rats, CD1 mice, C57/Bl/6J mice and Göttingen minipigs treated topically with white petrolatum did not exhibit clinical or histologic evidence of dermal irritation. Therapeutic agents developed for topical application are generally tested in rabbits during some point in development. Interpretation of skin irritation data from a single species can impact risk assessment for humans and on product labeling. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Extracorporeal photopheresis for the treatment of severe, refractory steroid dependent pediatric Crohn's Disease
Authors: Cheerva Alexandra , Dillard Robert , Bertolone Salvatore
Published: May 2013

Crohn's disease is a chronic, inflammatory disease of the gastrointestinal tract, affecting both children and adults. Extracorporeal photopheresis (ECP) has been used in steroid dependent adults with moderate to severely active Crohn's disease, with response rates up to 50%, with up to 25% complete responses. A 12‐year‐old male patient had severe unremitting Crohn's disease for one year, despite treatment with anti‐inflammatory, immunosuppressive, and biologic agents. He failed elemental enteral nutrition and required total parenteral nutrition (TPN). A diverting colostomy for perforation was required. He required frequent hospitalizations and required homebound schooling. Endoscopy revealed severe inflammation and ulcerations of the entire colon. ECP was begun twice weekly for 4 weeks, then twice per week every 14 days for a total of 28 weeks. ECP was well tolerated and prednisone was gradually discontinued. He continued daily azathioprine and infliximab at 6 week intervals. TPN was weaned as enteral intake improved. Disease abatement allowed a return to school and normal activities. Endoscopy at completion of ECP course revealed normal upper tract, normal ano‐rectum, and decreased, although significant, colonic disease. This response has continued for at least 16 months since completion of ECP. We conclude that ECP is useful for pediatric patients with steroid dependent Crohn's disease and prospective evaluation is warranted. J. Clin. Apheresis 28:381–386, 2013. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Virological failure and drug resistance during first line anti‐retroviral treatment in Indonesia
Authors: Fibriani Azzania , Wisaksana Rudi , Indrati Agnes , Hartantri Yovita , van de Vijver David , Schutten Martin , Alisjahbana Bachti , Sudjana Primal , Boucher Charles A.B. , van Crevel Reinout , van der Ven Andre
Published: May 2013

The virological response and development of drug resistance during first‐line anti‐retroviral treatment (ART) were studied in Indonesia where the majority of patients infected with HIV have a history of injecting drug use, which is often linked with lower treatment adherence and development of drug‐resistance. As many as 575 patients starting ART between September 2007 and March 2010 in Hasan Sadikin Hospital Bandung were followed prospectively. Clinical and laboratory monitoring was performed every 6 months. Plasma samples with HIV‐RNA ≥400 copies/ml were examined for drug resistance mutations. Most patients were male (72.3%), 59.7% had a history of injecting drug use, and the median CD4+ cells count before start of ART was 35 cells/mm3 (IQR 10–104). From 438 HIV patients with HIV‐RNA measurements, 40 (9.1%) subjects had HIV‐RNA ≥400 copies/ml after 24 weeks (median follow‐up 16 (IQR 8–25) months). Of these failing patients 16 (47%) subjects had drug resistance mutations, predominantly M184V (35.3%), Y181C (23.5%), K103N (11.7%), and TAMs (11.7%). A history of treatment discontinuation ≥1 month, reported by 5.3% (23) of patients, was strongly associated with virological failure (adjusted OR 12.64, 95% CI 4.51–35.41); and a history of injecting drug use was not (OR 0.75, 95% CI 0.38–1.46). This is the largest and most systematic evaluation of virological response to first line ART in Indonesia. Patients in this cohort responded well to first line ART, with low rates of virological failure and drug resistance. A history of injecting drug use should not be a reason to withhold ART in this setting. J. Med. Virol. 85:1394–1401, 2013. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Black African Nurses' Experiences of Equality, Racism, and Discrimination in the National Health Service
Authors: Likupe Gloria , Archibong Uduak
Published: May 2013

As the workforce in the British National Health Service (NHS) has become more diverse, several researchers have reported that experiences of overseas nurses have been largely negative. This paper explores Black African nurses' experiences of equal opportunities, racism, and discrimination in four NHS trusts in northeastern England. Thirty nurses from sub‐Saharan countries working in four NHS trusts were interviewed between 2006 and 2008 using semistructured interviews and focus group discussions to gain an insight into their experiences in the NHS. This study suggests that Black African nurses experienced discrimination and racism from White colleagues and other overseas nurses, managers, and patients and their relatives as well as lack of opportunities in their workplaces. Managers seemed to treat British and other overseas nurses more favorably than Black African nurses. Although much progress has been made in valuing and embracing diversity in the NHS, this article highlights areas in which more work is required.
Contemporary Perspectives on Diversity Interventions
Authors: Walton Sean
Published: May 2013

The author considers and contrasts a number of contemporary viewpoints about the nature and potential impact of diversity interventions primarily within higher education institutions and across organizational cultures. He focuses on issues of race and racial inequality, although the principles and theoretical perspectives discussed could be applied to other areas where inequalities exist. The author also draws upon current perspectives on race, racism, and ways of making effective and meaningful diversity interventions, including views from critical pedagogy, critical race theory, and cosmopolitan thinkers. He concludes that the modern educator within higher education is faced with the dilemma of a choice between rejecting useful theoretical insights into the extent of racial discrimination and being resigned to making largely ineffective diversity interventions. A solution to the dilemma is briefly outlined.
Efficient purification of high‐purity compounds from the stem of Lonicera japonica Thunb using two‐dimensional preparative chromatography
Authors: Jin Hongli , Liu Yanfang , Feng Jiatao , Guo Zhimou , Wang Chaoran , Zhong Zhengsheng , Peng Xiaojun , Dang Jun , Tao Yanduo , Liang Xinmiao
Published: May 2013

Purification of high‐purity compounds from traditional Chinese medicines (TCMs) plays an important role in investigating their bioactivity. Nevertheless, it is often quite difficult to isolate compounds with high purity because of the complexity of TCMs in chemical composition. In this work, a two‐dimensional preparation method was successfully developed for the preparation of high‐purity compounds from the stem of Lonicera japonica Thunb, based on two novel polar copolymerized RP stationary phases, XAqua C3 and XAqua C18. An XAqua C3 prep column was used to separate the sample in the first‐dimensional preparation, and 14 g of sample was fractionated into eight fractions with a recovery of 82%. An XAqua C18 prep column was selected to prepare high‐purity compounds in the second‐dimensional preparation for its good orthogonality with the XAqua C3 stationary phase. As a result, major compounds in the sample were isolated with more than 99% purity. This method is a potent method to realize the efficient purification of compounds with high purity from the stem of L. japonica Thunb and it shows great potential in the separation of high‐purity compounds from complex samples.
A fast, sensitive, and high‐throughput method for the simultaneous quantitation of three ellagitannins from Euphorbiae pekinensisRadix in rat plasma by ultra‐HPLC–MS/MS
Authors: Hou Pengyi , Zeng Yan , Ma Bingjie , Wang Xiaofan , Liu Zhenzhen , Li Lu , Qu Kankan , Bi Kaishun , Chen Xiaohui
Published: May 2013

A fast, sensitive, and high‐throughput ultra‐HPLC–MS/MS method has been developed and validated for the simultaneous determination of three main active constituents of Euphorbiae pekinensis Radix in rat plasma. After addition of the internal standard, plasma samples were extracted by liquid–liquid extraction with ethyl acetate/isopropanol (1:1, v/v) and separated on a CAPCELL PAK C18 column (100 × 2.0 mm, 2 μm, Shiseido, Japan), using a gradient mobile phase system of methanol/water. The detection of the analytes was performed on a 4000Q UHPLC–MS/MS system with turbo ion spray source in the negative ion and multiple reaction‐monitoring mode. The linear range was 1.0–1000 ng/mL for 3,3′‐di‐O‐methyl ellagic acid‐4′‐O‐β‐d‐glucopyranoside (i), 1.5–1500 ng/mL for 3,3′‐di‐O‐methyl ellagic acid‐4′‐O‐β‐d‐xylopyranoside (ii), and 5.0–5000 ng/mL for 3,3′‐di‐O‐methyl ellagic acid (iii). The intra‐ and interday precision and accuracy of all the analytes were within 15%. The extraction recoveries of the three analytes and internal standard from plasma were all more than 80%. The validated method was first successfully applied to the evaluation of pharmacokinetic parameters of compounds 1, 2, and 3 in rat plasma after intragastric administration of the Euphorbiae pekinensis Radix extract.
A homozygous double mutation in SMN1: a complicated genetic diagnosis of SMA
Authors: Kirwin Susan M. , Vinette Kathy M. B. , Gonzalez Iris L. , Abdulwahed Hind Al , Al‐Sannaa Nouriya , Funanage Vicky L.
Published: May 2013

Spinal muscular atrophy (SMA), the most common autosomal recessive cause of infant death, is typically diagnosed by determination of SMN1 copy number. Approximately 3–5% of patients with SMA retain at least one copy of the SMN1 gene carrying pathogenic insertions, deletions, or point mutations. We report a patient with SMA who is homozygous for two mutations carried in cis: an 8 bp duplication (c.48_55dupGGATTCCG; p.Val19fs*24) and a point mutation (c.662C>T; p.Pro221Leu). The consanguineous parents carry the same two mutations within one SMN1 gene copy. We demonstrate that a more accurate diagnosis of the disease is obtained through a novel diagnostic assay and development of a capillary electrophoresis method to determine the copy number of their mutant alleles. This illustrates the complexity of SMN mutations and suggests additional testing (gene sequencing) may be appropriate when based on family lines.
A novel ERAP2 haplotype structure in a Chilean population: implications for ERAP2 protein expression and preeclampsia risk
Authors: Vanhille Derek L. , Hill Lori D. , Hilliard DaShaunda D. , Lee Eun D. , Teves Maria E. , Srinivas Sindhu , Kusanovic Juan P. , Gomez Ricardo , Stratikos Efstratios , Elovitz Michal A. , Romero Roberto , Strauss Jerome F.
Published: May 2013

Single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in the endoplasmic reticulum aminopeptidase 2 (ERAP2) gene are associated with preeclampsia (PE) in different populations. rs2549782, a coding variant (N392K) that significantly affects substrate specificity, is in linkage disequilibrium (LD) with rs2248374, a marker SNP associated with ERAP2 protein expression in previously studied populations. As a result of nonsense‐mediated RNA decay, ERAP2 protein is not expressed from the rs2248374 G allele. We previously reported that the fetal rs2549782 minor G allele is associated with PE in African‐Americans, but not in Chileans. In this study, we found that rs2549782 was in LD with rs2248374 in African‐Americans, but not in Chileans. The unexpected lack of strong LD in Chileans raised the possibility that rs2248374 could be associated with PE in the absence of an association with rs2549782. However, we found no significant association for this allele with PE in Chileans. Chileans homozygous for the rs2248374 G allele did not express 110 kDa ERAP2 protein, consistent with nonsense‐mediated RNA decay, and carriers of the rs2248374 A allele did. We conclude that the Chilean ERAP2 haplotype structure allows for the expression of the major T allele of rs2549782 encoding 392N, which could impact peptide trimming and antigen presentation. Our discovery of racial differences in genetic structure and association with PE reveal heretofore unrecognized complexity of the ERAP2 locus.
Photovoltaics literature survey (no. 102)
Authors: Shrestha Santosh
Published: May 2013

To help keep readers up‐to‐date in the field, each issue of Progress in Photovoltaics will contain a list of recently published journal articles most relevant to its aims and scope. This list is drawn from an extremely wide range of journals, including IEEE Transactions on Electron Devices, Journal of Applied Physics, Applied Physics Letters, Progress in Photovoltaics, and Solar Energy Materials and Solar Cells. To assist the reader, the list is separated into broad categories but please note that these classifications are by no means strict. Also note that inclusion in the list is not an endorsement of a paper's quality. If you have any suggestions, please email Santosh Shrestha at s.shrestha@unsw.edu.au.
Supplier's Internal Communication Network during the Project Sales Process
Authors: Ryynänen Harri , Jalkala Anne , Salminen Risto T.
Published: May 2013

The nature of internal communication networks in project sales has remained largely unexplored. This article sheds light on a supplier's internal communication network during a project sales process by using social network analysis and in-depth qualitative data. We analyzed the project sales process and related internal communication network of a material handling equipment provider. The results illustrate the non-centralized and complex nature of internal communication networks and highlight four barriers to and four drivers of efficient communication during project sales. Above all, using communication training seems to be the most efficient way to improve internal communication.
The effect of chronic thienorphine administration on long‐term potentiation and synaptic structure in rat hippocampus
Authors: Yong Zheng , Yan Lingdi , Dong Zhaoqi , Wang Xiao , Su Ruibin , Gong Zehui
Published: May 2013

Thienorphine is a new nonselective partial agonist of opioid receptors, which is currently under a Phase II clinical trial in China as a new treatment for opioid dependence. In this study, we compared the effect of thienorphine with morphine on long‐term potentiation (LTP) in the lateral perforant path (LPP)‐granule cell synapse of the rat dentate gyrus (DG). Furthermore, the effect of thienorphine on the synaptic structure of the CA1 hippocampal region and the expression of synaptophysin was investigated. Results indicated interesting differences between thienorphine and morphine on the modulation of hippocampal synaptic plasticity. Chronic thienorphine treatment facilitated LTP in the LPP‐DG cell synapses more than chronic morphine treatment. Morphometric measurement and analysis showed that chronic thienorphine administration decreased the length of the active zone and reduced the thickness of CA1 postsynaptic densities compared with the saline group (control), but were elevated compared with the morphine group. Furthermore, the expression of hippocampal synaptophysin was increased with chronic thienorphine administration but reduced with chronic morphine treatment. Taken together, our study clearly demonstrates that chronic thienorphine treatment enhances LTP, modulates hippocampal synaptic structure, and increases the expression of hippocampal synaptophysin. Therefore, further study is warranted to investigate thienorphine as a new treatment for opioid dependence. Synapse 67:779–785, 2013. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Higher pretreatment 5‐HT1A receptor binding potential in bipolar disorder depression is associated with treatment remission: A naturalistic treatment pilot PET study
Authors: Lan Martin J. , Hesselgrave Natalie , Ciarleglio Adam , Ogden R. Todd , Sullivan Gregory M. , Mann J. John , Parsey Ramin V.
Published: May 2013

Bipolar disorder is a major cause of disability and a high risk for suicide. The pathophysiology of the disorder remains largely unknown. Medication choice for bipolar depression patients involves trial and error. Our group reported previously that brain serotonin 1A (5‐HT1A) receptor binding measured by positron emission tomography (PET) is higher in bipolar depression. We now investigated whether pretreatment 5‐HT1A levels correlates with antidepressant medication outcome. Forty‐one medication‐free DSM‐IV diagnosed, bipolar patients in a major depressive episode had brain PET scans performed using [11C]WAY‐100635 and a metabolite corrected arterial input function. The patients then received naturalistic psychopharmacologic treatment as outpatients and a follow up Hamilton Depression Rating Scale (HDRS) after 3 months of treatment. Patients with 24 item HDRS scores less than 10 were considered to have remitted. A linear mixed effects model was used to compare BPF (binding potential, proportional to the total number of available receptors) in 13 brain regions of interest between remitters and nonremitters. Thirty‐four patients completed 3 months of treatment and ratings; 9 had remitted. Remitters and nonremitters did not differ in age, sex, or recent medication history with serotonergic medications. Remitters had higher [11C]WAY‐100635 BPF across all brain regions compared with nonremitters (P = 0.02). Higher pretreatment brain 5‐HT1A receptor binding was associated with remission after 3 months of pharmacological treatment in bipolar depression. Prospective treatment studies are warranted to determine whether this test predicts outcome of specific types of treatment. Synapse 67:773–778, 2013. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Roles of Genetic Counselors in South Africa
Authors: Kromberg Jennifer G. R. , Wessels Tina‐Marié , Krause Amanda
Published: May 2013

Genetic counseling is a growing health profession in South Africa. Training (set up in 1988) and registration are in place, but job creation remains challenging. The aim of the present study was to investigate the roles played by genetic counselors in the provision of genetic services, in South Africa. A questionnaire comprising items on the types of roles they performed was constructed and counselors were asked to make the log‐books, in which they recorded their daily counseling activities, available. A check list was drawn up so that relevant information could be collected systematically from these log‐books. Then departmental statistics were accessed from the two universities providing genetic services and genetic counselor training. Structured interviews were conducted with the genetic counselors (16 of 23 participated), and data were collected from their completed questionnaires, log‐books and the departmental statistics, for the years 2007 and 2008. These data were analyzed and the findings showed that the counselors counseled about one third (39 %) of all the cases seen at genetic clinics per annum, and the total numbers were increasing. They counseled for 57 different genetic disorders, and their clients represented the range of local ethnic groups. They also had educational, research, marketing and administrative roles. They expected to expand these roles and advance the profession in future. Genetic counselors are versatile, playing several significant roles. As these become better recognized, demand for their services should increase, jobs should be created and the service expanded.
Parkinsonism and distinct dementia patterns in a family with the MAPT R406W mutation
Authors: Carney Regina M. , Kohli Martin A. , Kunkle Brian W. , Naj Adam C. , Gilbert John R. , Züchner Stephan , Pericak‐Vance Margaret A.
Published: May 2013

Background

The Arg406Trp (R406W) missense mutation in the microtubule‐associated protein‐tau gene (MAPT) is a known cause of early‐onset dementia. Various dementia phenotypes have been described, including frontotemporal dementia (FTD), FTD with parkinsonism, and early‐onset Alzheimer disease (EOAD)‐like presentations.

Methods

Using whole‐exome capture with subsequent sequencing, we identified the R406W mutation in a family with multiple individuals with clinically diagnosed EOAD, in a pattern suggesting autosomal dominant inheritance. We reevaluated all available family members clinically.

Results

Each of the affected individuals had a course meeting clinical criteria for EOAD. Two distinct disease trajectories were apparent: one rapidly progressive, and the other long and gradual. Four of five affected individuals also manifested parkinsonian symptoms. FTD features were not prominent and, when present, appeared only late in the course of dementia.

Conclusions

The MAPT R406W mutation is associated with EOAD‐like symptoms and parkinsonism without FTD, as well as distinct cognitive courses.
An Emergency Department Nurse-Driven Ultrasound-Guided Peripheral Intravenous Line Program
Authors: Moore Cindi
Published: May 2013

Background: Ultrasound-guided peripheral intravenous (USGPIV) technology is being utilized more frequently in emergency department settings. Traditionally, physicians have performed this procedure to gain vascular access in patients for whom standard intravenous line procedures are unsuccessful. Nurses at Wexner Medical Center at The Ohio State University have shown that a nurse-driven ultrasound program can be successfully implemented in an emergency department.

Methods: Standardized training for registered nurses includes a 4-hour didactic and hands-on course and 24 hours of 1-on-1 individualized instruction with a nurse champion. Emphasis is placed on avoiding the larger upper arm veins.

Results: A peripheral intravenous line database has been maintained since the beginning of the program in 2009. This database shows a significant percentage of admitted patients received USGPIV service. In 2010, USGPIVs were successfully placed 90% to 98% of the time.

Conclusions: Utilizing UGSPIV can expedite treatment and disposition in an emergency department. Ultimately, throughput and wait time for an emergency department bed can thus be similarly affected, positively affecting customer service.
Edge states for the turbulence transition in the asymptotic suction boundary layer
Authors: Kreilos Tobias , Veble Gregor , Schneider Tobias M. , Eckhardt Bruno
Published: May 2013

We demonstrate the existence of an exact invariant solution to the Navier–Stokes equations for the asymptotic suction boundary layer. The identified periodic orbit with a very long period of several thousand advective time units is found as a local dynamical attractor embedded in the stability boundary between laminar and turbulent dynamics. Its dynamics captures both the interplay of downstream-oriented vortex pairs and streaks observed in numerous shear flows as well as the energetic bursting that is characteristic for boundary layers. By embedding the flow into a family of flows that interpolates between plane Couette flow and the boundary layer, we demonstrate that the periodic orbit emerges in a saddle–node infinite-period (SNIPER) bifurcation of two symmetry-related travelling-wave solutions of plane Couette flow. Physically, the long period is due to a slow streak instability, which leads to a violent breakup of a streak associated with the bursting and the reformation of the streak at a different spanwise location. We show that the orbit is structurally stable when varying both the Reynolds number and the domain size.
Socrates’ Human Wisdom
Authors: FUTTER DYLAN
Published: May 2013

The concept of human wisdom is fundamental for an understanding of theApology. But it has not been properly understood. The received interpretations offer insufficient resources for explaining how Socrates could have been humanly wise before Apollo’s oracle, when he falsely believed that he was not wise at all. I argue that a satisfactory interpretation of human wisdom can be given in terms of “philosophia”. Socrates was humanly wise before the oracle because he loved wisdom—even though he did not know that he did. The analysis is confirmed by its resolution of some enduring difficulties in the interpretation ofApology, in particular, the question of why Socrates continued to search for knowledge he thought impossible to attain.
Salt equivalence and temporal dominance of sensations of different sodium chloride substitutes in butter
Authors: de Souza Vanessa Rios , Freire Tassyana Vieira Marques , Saraiva Carla Gonçalves , de Deus Souza Carneiro João , Pinheiro Ana Carla Marques , Nunes Cleiton Antônio
Published: May 2013

Studies indicate a positive association between dietary salt intake and some diseases, which has promoted the tendency to reduce the sodium in foods. The objective of this study was to determine the equivalent amount of different sodium chloride replacements required to promote the same degree of ideal saltiness in butter and to study the sensory profile of sodium chloride and the substitutes using the analysis of Temporal Dominance of Sensations (TDS). Using the magnitude estimation method, it was determined that the potencies of potassium chloride, monosodium glutamate and potassium phosphate relative to the 1% sodium chloride in butter are 83·33, 31·59 and 33·32, respectively. Regarding the sensory profile of the tested salt substitutes, a bitter taste was perceived in the butter with potassium chloride, a sour taste was perceived in the butter with potassium phosphate and sweet and umami tastes were dominant in the butter with monosodium glutamate. Of all the salt substitutes tested calcium lactate, potassium lactate, calcium chloride and magnesium chloride were impractical to use in butter.
Survival of the 8.5 mm osseointegrated abutment, and its utility in the obese patient
Authors: Darley M D , Mikulec A A
Published: May 2013

Background:

Most of the literature regarding osseointegrated implantation for hearing rehabilitation focuses on the 5.5 mm abutment. This study aimed to add to the data available on the survival of the 8.5 mm abutment, and to describe its utility in obese patients.

Objective:

To review the outcomes of patients who received a bone-anchored hearing aid implant, and create a model comparing the mechanical forces acting upon combinations of fixture and abutment lengths.

Methods:

Retrospective chart review and mathematical modelling.

Results:

In this retrospective cohort study comprising 25 patients, less abutment overgrowth was observed in the 8.5 mm abutment recipients versus recipients of the 5.5 mm abutment. When the principle of equilibrium of a rigid body was applied, the 8.5 mm abutment was at a calculated mechanical disadvantage compared with the 5.5 mm abutment.

Conclusion:

The 8.5 mm abutment may be useful in patients with copious subcutaneous soft tissue as in the obese population. The 8.5 mm abutment has a calculated mechanical disadvantage, potentially putting the implant under greater mechanical stress; however, the clinical relevance of this is unclear.
Evaluation of interfraction patient setup errors for image-guided prostate and head-and-neck radiotherapy using kilovoltage cone beam and megavoltage fan beam computed tomography
Authors: Qi X. Sharon , Wu Sutan , Newman Francis , Li X. Allen , Hu Angie Y.
Published: May 2013

Purpose

To analyse interfraction setup using two different image guidance modalities for prostate and head-and-neck (H&N) cancer treatment.

Materials and methods

Seventy-two prostate and 60 H&N cancer patients, imaged with kilovoltage cone beam computed tomography (KVCBCT) or megavoltage fan beam computed tomography (MVFBCT), were studied retrospectively. The daily displacements in mediolateral (ML), craniocaudal (CC) and anteroposterior (AP) dimensions were investigated. The setup errors were calculated to determine the clinical target volume to planning target volume (CTV-to-PTV) margins.

Results

Based on 1,606 KVCBCT and 2,054 MVFBCT scans, average interfraction shifts in ML, CC and AP direction for H&N cases were 0·5 ± 1·5, −0·3 ± 2·0, 0·3 ± 1·7 mm using KVCBCT, 0·2 ± 1·9, −0·2 ± 2·4 and 0·0 ± 1·7 mm using MVFBCT. For prostate cases, average interfraction displacements were −0·3 ± 3·9, 0·2 ± 2·4, 0·4 ± 3·8 mm for MVFBCT and −0·2 ± 2·7, −0·6 ± 2·9, −0·5 ± 3·4 mm for KVCBCT. The calculated CTV-to-PTV margins, if determined by image-guided radiotherapy (IGRT) data, were 5·6 mm (H&N) and 7·8 mm (prostate) for MVFBCT, compared with 4·8 mm and 7·2 mm for KVCBCT. We observed no statistically significant difference in daily repositioning using KVCBCT and MVFBCT in early, middle and late stages of the treatment course.

Conclusion

In the absence of IGRT, the CTV-to-PTV margin determined using IGRT data, may be varied for different imaging modalities for prostate and H&N irradiation.
Japanische Hofmusik gagaku und Musiktherapie
Authors: Fujita Rinko
Published: May 2013

Im folgenden Beitrag wird die Auswirkung der japanischen Musikform gagaku auf die Musiktherapie untersucht. Dabei wird ein allgemeiner Überblick sowohl über die musikalischen Eigenschaften als auch über die kulturhistorischen und soziokulturellen Kontexte gegeben. Aus diesen Funktionen geht die starke Verbindung von gagaku mit religiösem Ritus und Zeremoniell hervor. Religiöse Ansichten basieren in Japan vornehmlich auf altüberlieferten Glaubensvorstellungen und die Verehrung von schintoistischen Gottheiten.

Durch das Entwickeln eines eigenen Therapieansatzes unter Verwendung wichtiger musikalischer Elemente der gagaku stellt sich heraus, dass die japanische Hofmusik sowohl durch ihre soziokulturelle Assoziation als auch durch ihre musikalischen, strukturellen und akustischen Eigenschaften therapeutisches Potential in sich birgt und Ansätze für die aktive und rezeptive Therapie bereithält. Gleichzeitig werden aber einige Probleme des Ansatzes wie der kulturspezifische Ausdruck von Emotion oder die Verfremdung der „eigenen” Musik benannt, die erst über eine längere Zeitspanne hinweg gelöst werden können. Davon abgesehen aber öffnen die Musik und die Tänze der gagaku ein weites Feld an Möglichkeiten und eine innovative und zugleich traditionelle therapeutische Herangehensweise.
Novel Imaging of the Intervertebral Disk and Pain
Authors: Fenty Matthew , Crescenzi Rachelle , Fry Bryan , Squillante Dawn , Turk Danielle , Maurer Philip M. , Borthakur Arijitt
Published: May 2013

T-1-rho (T1ρ) magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and disc height ratio (DHR) are potential biomarkers of degenerative disk disease (DDD) related to biochemical composition and morphology of the intervertebral disk (IVD), respectively. To objectively detect DDD at an early stage, the hypothesis was tested that the average T1ρ relaxation time of the nucleus pulposus (NP) correlates with the disk height of degenerate IVDs, measured by MRI. Studies were performed on a 3-T Siemens Tim Trio clinical MRI scanner (Siemens Healthcare, Malvern, Pennsylvania, United States) on patients being treated for low back pain whose disks were categorized into (1) painful and (2) nonpainful subgroups based on provocative diskography and (3) age-matched healthy controls. Painful disks presented both low DHR and T1ρ values, nonpainful disks measured the highest DHR and extended to a higher range of T1ρ, and control disks presented a midrange DHR with the highest T1ρ values. T1ρ MRI evaluated in the NP of IVDs may be useful to establish a threshold (120 milliseconds here) above which indicates a healthy disk, and disks measuring low NP T1ρ (50 to 120 milliseconds here) would require disk height analysis to further categorize the disk. Combining T1ρ MRI and disk height analysis may hold promise in predicting painful disks without provocative diskography, and predictive models should be developed.
In situ investigation of the channel conductance of a Li1−xCoO2 (0 < x < 0.5) ionic-electronic transistor
Authors: Greenlee Jordan D. , Petersburg Cole F. , Daly William G. , Alamgir Faisal M. , Alan Doolittle W.
Published: May 2013

An ion gated transistor is shown to have an analog electronic channel resistance that is dependent on the ion concentration in a solid state device. The ionic transistor made from a common battery cathode material, LiCoO2, is investigated for use in devices that exploit the interaction between ions and electrons with applications in low-power neuromorphic computing and non-volatile memory. The majority of the resistance change in LiCoO2 occurs close to the stoichiometric point, and thus, nanoscale LiCoO2-based ionic electronic devices are expected to consume minimal power and avoid structural phase changes leading to improved reliability.