bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Analysis of the reserves of the cardiovascular system of students with various diseases
Authors: Prikhodko Vladimir N. , Kovrigina Tatiana R.
Published: September 2023

Relevance. Currently, there is a deterioration in the health of the younger generation, including students. Conducting classes with students of special medical group B requires constant monitoring of the reserves of the body functional systems. The purpose of the study is to determine the level of workload for choosing effective means of preventing various diseases, improving the health of students through physical education.
Research methods. Based on the theoretical analysis of scientific and methodological literature and systematization of a wide range of Skibinskaya, Rufier and Robinson indices, the levels of reserves of the cardiovascular and respiratory systems of students of special medical group “B” with various diseases were revealed.
The results of the study. The levels of reserves of the cardiovascular and respiratory systems of students with various diseases that need to be taken into account when organizing physical education classes with this category of students are identified and substantiated.
Conclusion. Physical education classes for students of special medical group “B” should be organized taking into account the level of reserves of the cardiorespiratory system, and are primarily aimed at increasing them, regardless of the disease.
Organization of escapes from detention facility in the Tambov governorate at the beginning of the 20th century
Authors: Kozhukhov Nikita A.
Published: September 2023

Importance. The relevance of the chosen research topic is due to the scientific study of the effectiveness of the ongoing penitentiary policy at the beginning of the 20th century in Tsarist Russia and Russia during the Civil War.
Materials and methods. The historical and systemic approach made it possible to consider the penitentiary policy of the “two Russias” at the beginning of the 20th century and to trace the effectiveness in the fight against escapes from detention facility. The statistical method showed the number of escapes from detention facility in Tsarist Russia and in forced labor camps during the Civil War. The use of the comparative historical method showed the level of organization of places of detention of different historical eras.
Results and Discussion. The statistics and scale of escapes from detention facility in the Tambov governorate at the beginning of the 20th century are studied. The level of organization of detention facility is studied, taking into account the factor of revolutionary events, the Civil War and the peasant uprising in the Tambov governorate. A comparative analysis of the number of prisoner escapes from detention facility in Tsarist Russia and detention facility in Soviet Russia is carried out on the example of the Tambov governorate.
Conclusion. The practical significance of the study is expressed in the local history study of the penitentiary systems of two eras in Russia with the aim of further compiling a generalized work on a given topic.
Peasant cooperatives of the Tambov governorate in the first half of the 1920s
Authors: Petrishina Irina D.
Published: September 2023

Importance. The focus is on peasant cooperation that is determined by the role of small peasant production in the agriculture of the region under study. Consideration of cooperatives as the most unique phenomenon in Russia and the most common economic models is deyermined by the relevance of modern social production and consumption.
Materials and methods. The study used published and unpublished sources. Along with general scientific methods, this study widely used a quantitative method for analyzing quantitative indicators and constructing numerical characteristics of phenomena and processes.
Results and Discussion. The position of the Tambov peasant cooperatives during the transition to the new economic policy is shown. The main types and tendencies of its development, features of the organization and directions of activity are determined. The mechanisms of interference of party bodies in the economic activity of the cooperatives are revealed.
Conclusion. In the Tambov governorate, the agricultural cooperation was the economic organization that provided considerable support to the peasantry. In the early 1920s there was a slow and difficult process of restoring of the main types of peasant cooperatives in the Tambov province. Along with the improvement of the work of the cooperatives, there was an intensification of the interference of Party organs in its work, in its long-term planning and operational activities.
The role of court decisions in overcoming the uncertainty of legal regulation of dismissal for absenteeism
Authors: Zolotorev Vasily G. , Shchedrina Julia V.
Published: September 2023

On the basis of current legislation and judicial practice, the problems of regulatory regulation and the courts position on the issue of dismissal of an employee at the initiative of the employer under subparagraph “a” of paragraph 6 of part 1 of Chapter 81 of the Labor Code of the Russian Federation are considered. The study relevance was substantiated, its methodology was characterized (such research methods as comparative legal, formal legal, as well as analysis, synthesis, system method were used). The definition of absenteeism given in the Labor Code of the Russian Federation is considered, the main problems of qualification as absenteeism of the absence of an employee in the workplace are highlighted. The courts positions are analyzed on the issue of whether a break for meals and rest is included in the definition of absenteeism and whether this break interrupts the continuous absence of the employee from the workplace. It is substantiated that the current legislation does not contain an exhaustive list of reasons for determining the validity of an employee’s absence from the workplace. Based on the analysis of judicial practice, a number of reasons are identified that the courts recognize as valid, and the ambiguity of the legal positions of the courts on this issue is also shown. It is concluded that in conditions of legal uncertainty, it is the courts that become the subject that fills in the gaps in the legislation in relation to specific cases. The main results of the study can be applied in the future in law enforcement practice, as well as in the teaching of legal disciplines.
Legal regulation of the bioprinting process: problems and development prospects in the Russian Federation
Authors: Kravchenko Natalia V. , Trufanova Aleksandra Y.
Published: September 2023

The relevance of this topic is due to the fact that the development of medical engineering has reached a level where it is possible to create a prototype organ using 3D bioprinting technology. The purpose of this study is to conduct a legal analysis of the implementation of this procedure in the Russian Federation and determine ways to resolve the existing contradictions. To date, we are not yet talking about the mass production of biomedical implants, however, understanding the importance of 3D bioprinting in the future of regenerative medicine, we consider it necessary to develop legislative regulation of this area of activity. The methodology consists of dialectical, structural, formal legal and comparative legal methods, analysis and synthesis. As part of the study, the legal structure of legal relations in the field of creating organs and tissues by using the functions of a 3D bioprinter was analyzed; their subsequent transplantation into the human body. It is noted that the legal issues of the implementation of transplantation of created organs and tissues using bioprinting technology remain unresolved. Their solution is seen in a comprehensive change in the current legislation governing the 3D bioprinting procedure use and the further products circulation created with its help.
Real-Life Data on the Use of Omalizumab in Patients with Severe Asthma and Chronic Urticaria and Mepolizumab in Patients with Severe Asthma: A Retrospective Study
Authors: ÇERÇİ Pamir , ERDOĞAN Tuba
Published: September 2023

This study aimed to assess the real-life effectiveness of omalizumab and mepolizumab in patients with severe asthma and chronic spontaneous urticaria (CSU), explicitly examining changes in IgE levels and eosinophil counts during treatment. This retrospective study involved patients with severe asthma or CSU treated with biologic agents, including omalizumab and mepolizumab. The primary outcome measures were serum IgE levels, eosinophil counts, urticaria activity scores (UAS), and asthma control test scores (ACT). We studied 61 patients with severe asthma or chronic urticaria treated with biological agents. Patients with asthma exhibited a significant reduction in the median annual attack rate from 4 to 0 with omalizumab (p<0.001) and from 6 to 1 with mepolizumab (p<0.001). Eosinophil counts, and ACT scores significantly decreased with mepolizumab (p<0.001). Six patients who transitioned from omalizumab to mepolizumab did not experience severe asthma attacks in the first six months following the treatment switch. Patients with CSU showed a significant response to omalizumab (p<0.001). We observed significant improvements in various markers, including total IgE levels, eosinophil counts, UAS, and ACT scores, indicating that these treatments can effectively manage the symptoms of both conditions. These findings underscore the potential benefits of using these treatments as effective therapeutic options.
Strategy for settling claims for insurance company customers experiencing liquidity at AJB Bumiputera 1912 Medan Branch: Some notes from Islamic perspectives
Authors: Saleha Siti , Hasibuan Reni Ria Armayani , Syafina Laylan
Published: September 2023

IntroductionLiquidity is one of the problems faced by insurance companies, including AJB Bumiputera Medan Branch. This liquidity problem has an impact on many aspects of the insurance business so an appropriate strategy is needed to overcome it.ObjectivesThis research is intended to analyze the strategies used by AJB Bumiputera 1912 Medan Branch to complete claim payments to its customers. MethodThis research is field research with data collection techniques including interviews and data collection from the internet.ResultsThe step taken by AJB Bumiputera 1912 was to form a task force team for payment of delayed claims. AJB Bumiputera 1912 also implemented a benefit reduction program and a premium recovery process and sale of company assets. ImplicationsThe study highlights the importance of regulatory oversight in safeguarding policyholders rights and ensuring stability in the insurance sector.Originality/NoveltyThis research contributes to efforts to handle liquidity problems in insurance companies. Apart from that, this research also provides an Islamic perspective in handling liquidity problems in insurance companies.
What Factors Explain the level of Transparency of the Public Management in the Municipalities of Maranhense?
Authors: Halik Aline Roberta , Alberton Luiz
Published: September 2023

The main objective of this research was to analyze the relationship between socioeconomic and demographic indicators and the level of transparency of municipalities in the state of Maranhão. The transparency index was constructed based on the LRF and LAI and consisted of 32 items. Subsequently , for To identify which factors explain the level of transparency, a multiple linear regression was carried out, comparing the explanatory variables for the level of transparency adopted in this study. The sample consisted of municipalities in the State of Maranhão, totaling 211 municipalities, as 7 did not have a website. The results of the multiple linear regression model indicate that the IDHM, the log of total GDP, the GDP per capita and the variable log of POP explain the NT of the municipalities surveyed to the point of explain the level of transparency of the municipalities of Maranhão, only the IFDM did not show a relationship with the NT among the variables analyzed.
Fuzzy Normed Algebras Generated by Homomorphisms
Authors: Khoddami Ali Reza , Kouhsari F.
Published: September 2023

As a new approach, for a nonzero normed algebra $A$, we will define some different classes of algebra fuzzy norms on $A$ generated by homomorphisms and continuous homomorphisms. Also as a source of examples and counterexamples in the field of fuzzy normed algebras, separate continuity of the elements of each class are investigated.
PENGARUH MATERIAL LOKAL KEDIRI TERHADAP TINGKAT DURABILITAS LAPIS STRUKTUR JALAN
Authors: Kurnia Achmad Khabib , Cahyono Andri Dwi , Mustofa Imam , Hidiyati Evita Fitrianis , Yuliawan Ricco Dwi , Permady Tantra Tegar , Haikal Achmad Fikri , Khayatin Dwi Nur , Pratama Audy Yoga
Published: September 2023

Air conditioning or asphalt concrete is formed from coarse aggregate, fine aggregate, and asphalt. An aggregate is a collection of grains of crushed stone, gravel, sand, and other minerals in the form of both natural and artificial products. Coarse aggregate is sieve holder No. 8 (2.36 mm) retained aggregate while fine aggregate is sieve No. 8 (2.36 mm) passed aggregate. The problems that often occur in road pavement layers are poor durability and surfaces that are easy to wear out. This study aimed to find the maximum marshall value in the form of 60/70 penetration asphalt mixture stability. This study used an experimental method with a laston AC-BC test, the test was carried out with abrasion, gradation, specific gravity, and Marshal testing tests using marshal test equipment, following SNI 06-2489-1991, or AASHTO T245-90, or ASTM D1559-76. Using aggregates from the Kedak area, stability results of 3046, 4896, 3754 were obtained, which met the standards of the Bina Marga specifications standards. So that the aggregate from the Kedak area can be used as an alternative constituent material in road planning in the Kediri area because it is more efficient and has good durability.
EVALUASI KINERJA GEDUNG A UNIVERSITAS PEMBANGUNAN JAYA DENGAN PUSHOVER ANALYSIS BERDASARKAN FEMA 356
Authors: Irfan. Muhammad , Setiawan Agustinus Agus
Published: September 2023

Indonesia is a country with a high potential for earthquake risk, therefore every building must be designed in such a way, so the impact of damage caused by an earthquake can be minimized. Each Existing building structure also needs to be analyzed for its performance against earthquake loads. The main rule in designing an earthquake-resistant building is that structural elements may be damaged but must not fail or collapse during a strong earthquake. This study aims to analyze the performance of building structures based on FEMA 356 standards, by taking a case study of the structure of Tower A of Pembangunan Jaya University. The method used is the pushover analysis method using the Etabs V.16 application. The results of the nonlinear static analysis produce an output value which is then calculated using the FEMA 356 standard. The results of the analysis show that Tower A of Pembangunan Jaya University, which is an open frame structure made of reinforced concrete, has an Immediate Occupancy performance level, which means that if the structure is hitting by an earthquake with return period of 50 years, the building has no significant damage to the structural components. The stiffness and strength of the building is almost the same as before the structure was hit by the earthquake. Meanwhile, the building has a displacement value of 0.383 meters, this value is still smaller than the displacement value based on FEMA 356 calculations which is quite large, namely 0.618 meters in the x direction and 0.542 meters in the y direction.
Recent advancements and perspectives of INRiM’s time-dependent Josephson voltage standards
Authors: Durandetto Paolo , Serazio Danilo , Sosso Andrea
Published: September 2023

Quantum voltage standards based on ac Josephson effect have been used in metrology since a few years after the discovery of the physical phenomenon. The role of quantum standards is now crucial following the SI redefinition in 2019: electrical units are today defined in terms of the fundamental constants e (elementary charge) and h (Planck’s constant). The extremely low uncertainty in dc measurements, that can be lower than 1 nV/V at 10 V, is stimulating research to extend application to ac and signals arbitrarily changing with time. Approaching the dc accuracy is challenging, however. The two main technologies used for the generation of non-steady voltage signals are programmable and pulsed Josephson junction arrays. In this work we discuss the main advancements obtained at the Italian Istituto Nazionale di Ricerca Metrologica (INRiM) with both technologies, and the most recent developments taking advantage of He-free device cooling techniques.
Use of the k-nearest neighbour and its analysis for fall detection on Systems on a Chip for multiple datasets
Authors: Nandi Purab , Anupama K. R. , Agarwal Himanish , Jain Arav , Paliwal Siddharth
Published: September 2023

Fall of an elderly person often leads to serious injuries and death. Many falls occur in the home environment, and hence a reliable fall detection system that can raise alarms with minimum latency is a necessity. Wrist-worn accelerometer-based fall detection systems and multiple datasets are available, but no attempt has been made to analyze the accuracy and precision. Wherever the comparison does exist, it has been run on a cloud. No analysis of the models, convergence, and dataset analysis on Systems on a Chip (SoCs) has ever been attempted. In this paper, we attempt to present why Machine Learning (ML) algorithms in their current state cannot be run on existing SoCs.
We have used Snapdragon 410c SoC to do our analytics. In this paper, we have used the kth-nearest neighbour to prove that ML cannot be directly run on SoCs. We have looked at the effect of distance metrics and neighbors as well as the effect of feature extraction on the accuracies and the latencies. In this paper, we establish the need for model compression and data pruning for fall detection using ML/Deep Learning algorithms on SoCs. We have done this by analyzing various datasets on varying architectural parameters.
Ability Estimation with Polytomous Items in Computerized Multistage Tests
Authors: YAHSİ SARI Hasibe , KELECİOĞLU Hülya
Published: September 2023

The aim of the study is to examine how the ability estimations of individuals change under different conditions in tests consisting of polytomous items in an computerized multistage test environment. The research is a simulation study. In the study, 108 (3x3x6x2=108) conditions were examined consisting of three categories (3, 4 and 5), three test lengths (10, 20 and 30), six panel designs (1-2, 1-2-2, 1-3, 1-3-3, 1-4 and 1-4-4) and two routing methods (Maximum Fisher Information (MFI) and Random). Simulations and analyses were carried out in the mstR package in R program, with a pool of 200 items, 1000 people and 100 replications (e.g., iterations). As the outcomes of the research, mean absolute bias, RMSE and correlation values were calculated. It was found that as the number of categories and test length increase, the mean absolute bias and RMSE values decrease, while the correlation values increase. In terms of routing methods, although MFI and random methods have similar tendencies, MFI gives better results. There is a similarity between the panel designs in terms of results.
Распространение вариантов вируса SARS-COV-2, вызывающих интерес (VOI) и субвариантов Omicron, находящихся под наблюдением (VUM), на основе количества их геномов, депонированных в базу данных GISAID за неделю с 23 по 29 сентября 2023 г.
Authors: Дмитриева Людмила , Краснов Ярослав , Чумачкова Елена , Осина Наталья , Зимирова Анастасия , Иванова Александра , Карнаухов Игорь , Караваева Татьяна , Щербакова Светлана , Кутырев Владимир
Published: September 2023

В обзоре представлена информация по циркулирующим в настоящее время вариантам вируса SARS-COV-2 вызывающих интерес (VOI) и субвариантов Omicron, находящихся под наблюдением (VUM), геномные последовательности которых размещены в международной базе данных GISAID за неделю с 23 по 29 сентября 2023 г.
Arctic seed sterilization and germination
Authors: Wuerslin Nicole , Lichtner Franz , Podpora Nadia , Whitecloud Simone
Published: September 2023

We conducted growth chamber experiments to overcome challenges of native seed germination relating to disease and germination time. We selected five northern species, Eriophorum vaginatum, E. virginicum, Anemone patens var. multifida, Polemonium reptans, and Senecio con-gestus, for their native ranges and commercial-nursery availability. Recommended stratification time for each species was either unknown or a minimum of 60 days. Seeds were sterilized with 70% ethanol, 10% hydro-gen peroxide, or UVC light to identify which method most effectively pre-vented pathogen infection. To determine if stratification time could be reduced, seeds underwent a 30-day cold, moist stratification. We tested which growth medium was most conducive to germination of the sterilized, stratified seeds: filter paper or sterilized potting soil. In a separate experiment, we tested if three different levels of gibberellic acid (GA3; 0, 500, and 1000 ppm) could reduce stratification time to 15 days. The 70% ethanol was effective in a seed surface sterilization; an average of 84% of all seeds for all species treated showed no contamination. Germination following a 30-day cold, moist stratification was unsuccessful for most species tested in both growth media. Here, 1000 ppm GA3 with a 15-day cold, moist stratification showed considerable success with P. reptans.
From Option B+ to Universal “Test and Treat” in Cameroon: Identification and Evaluation of District-level Factors Associated with Retention in Care
Authors: Njah Joel M. , Halle-Ekane Gregory E. , Atanga Sylvester N. , Tshimwanga Edouard K. , Desembuin Felix , Muffih Pius T.
Published: September 2023

Background and Objective:

Retaining women in Option B+ services is crucial for eliminating new pediatric HIV infections. However, there are few studies on factors influencing retention at the district level. This study evaluates the factors associated with retention in two health districts of Cameroon.

Methods:

From September 1, 2015, to February 29, 2016, we reviewed the records of pregnant and breastfeeding women initiating Option B+, a lifelong approach to preventing mother-to-child transmission (PMTCT) of HIV, between October 2013 and July 2014. We abstracted sociodemographic and clinical data from registers in 22 health facilities in the Bamenda urban and Kumba rural districts into spreadsheets. Cox regression age-adjusted survival curves were used to compare retention probabilities at 6 and 12 months post-antiretroviral therapy (ART) initiation. Multivariable modified Poisson regressions were run to estimate adjusted relative risk (aRR) of factors associated with retention in PMTCT care at 12 months post-ART initiation. STATA software was used for the analyses.

Results:

Of the 560 files reviewed, majority, 62.7% (n=351), were above 24 years of age and married, 68.9% (n=386). From the multivariable analysis, enrolling early in antenatal care (ANC) (aRR: 1.50, 95% CIL: 1.17-1.93) and knowing the male partner’s HIV-negative status (aRR: 1.16, 95% CI: 1.00-1.34) were significantly associated with higher retention in care, adjusting for maternal age, marital status, and distance from the health facility. By health district, knowing the male partner’s HIV-negative status (aRR: 1.30, 95% CI: 1.13-1.50) in the Bamenda urban and enrolling early in ANC (aRR: 2.03, 95% CI" 1.21-3.41) in the Kumba rural district, had significantly higher retention rates after adjusting for the same covariates.

Conclusion and Global Health Implications:

Overall, factors influencing retention varied by urban or rural district. Therefore, tailored district-level interventions are needed to enhance early ANC enrollment in the rural and partner HIV status disclosure in the urban districts to improve retention in PMTCT care.
Hybrid Hybrid wavelet and entropy features to monitor happy hypoxia based on photoplethysmogram signals
Authors: Ginting Ayub
Published: September 2023

Happy hypoxia is a condition where patients experience decreasing oxygen saturation in  their brains. In worst cases, Happy hypoxia can reduce the patient's consciousness and even death. Covid-19 has increased cases of happy hypoxia. Several studies have been conducted to detect the happy hypoxia. Existing research projects generally use photo plethysmography signals. However, the results show that the accuracy of happy hypoxia detection is still low. This study provides a solution to the above problems, by proposing a happy hypoxia detection system based on entropy and Discrete Wavele Transform (DWT) features that are combined with a classifier based on K Nearest Neighbor (KNN). The method used in this research is as below Hybrid Wavelet and Entropy Features method.Experiments on the proposed system have been carried out using data on Covid-19 patients from Haji Adam Malik Hospital in Medan.The experimental results show that the system proposed has an accuracy of 87%, sensitivity of 90% and specificity of 85
Recommender System Based on Matrix Factorization on Twitter Using Random Forest (Case Study: Movies on Netflix)
Authors: Bagas Teguh Imani  , Erwin Budi Setiawan
Published: September 2023

In this day and age, there is a lot of entertainment that can be done, one of which is watching movies using the Netflix platform. When you want to watch, sometimes users can be confused about which movies to watch according to their tastes and interests, which requires a solution, namely by using a recommendation system. The recommendation system is a system that emerged as a solution to provide information by learning data from users with previously stored data items. One of the recommendation system techniques is Collaborative Filtering. By using Collaborative Filtering, this study will focus on using Matrix Factorization-based because it is considered more efficient and allows the incorporation of additional information in the data. This study will use the Random Forest algorithm to improve the results of good predictions. In this study, a recommendation system based on Matrix Factorization on Twitter will be made using Random Forest in a case study of films on Netflix. The experimental results have shown that the use of the system gets a Mean Absolute Error (MAE) value of 0.7641 to 0.8496 and a Root mean squared error (RMSE) of 1.0359 to 1.1935.
Comparison of Term Weighting Methods in Sentiment Analysis of the New State Capital of Indonesia with the SVM Method
Authors: Muhammad Kiko Aulia Reiki  , Sibaroni Yuliant , Setiawan Erwin Budi
Published: September 2023

The relocation of the State Capital to â€œNusantaraâ€, which was inaugurated with the enactment of UU No. 3 of 2022, is a significant project that has sparked polemics among Indonesian citizens. Many people expressed their opinions and thoughts regarding the relocation of the State Capital on Twitter. This tendency of public opinion needs to be identified with sentiment analysis. In sentiment analysis, term weighting is an essential component to obtain optimal accuracy. Various people are trying to modify the existing term weighting to increase the performance and accuracy of the model. One of them is icf-based or tf-bin.icf, which combines inverse category frequency (ICF) and relevance frequency (RF). This study compares the tf-idf, tf-rf, and tf-bin.icf term weighting with the SVM classification method on the new State Capital of Indonesia topic. The tf-idf weighting results are still the best compared to the tf-bin.icf and tf-rf term weights, with an accuracy score of 88.0% a 1,3% difference with tf-bin.icf term weighting.
Hoax COVID-19 News Detection Based on Sentiment Analysis in Indonesian using Support Vector Machine (SVM) Method
Authors: Shafira Alifia
Published: September 2023

The increasing use of technology makes it easier for information media such as news to be disseminated and does not demand possibilities, there is a lot of hoax news spreading. Twitter is one of the media most frequently used by the public to access and disseminate information. This research will focus on detecting Indonesian language COVID-19 news taken from Twitter. Detection of hoax news can be assisted by using sentiment analysis, one of the uses of classification text. Support Vector Machine (SVM) can be used to perform sentiment analysis tasks. After getting the sentiment analysis results, the hoax detection process will use the Bag of Words. Bag of Words is a collection of word dictionaries for weighting words to determine specific labels. The built SVM model succeeded in classifying tweet repliessentiment with an average accuracy of 83.17% with a threshold of 35%. At the same time, the hoax detection process gets the best accuracy of 62.5% with a threshold of -5 or -6.
LHHW/RSM reaction rate modeling for Co-Mn/SiO 2 Nanocatalyst in Fishcher-Tropsch synthesis
Authors: Azizi Hamid Reza , Mansouri Mohsen , Tabrizi Farshad Farshchi , Mansouri Ghobad
Published: September 2023

Present research work planned to asset kinetic of Fischer-Tropsch (FT) reaction over the cobalt-manganese (CM) nanoparticle supported by silica oxide. Nanoparticls were synthesized by thermal decomposition method using "[Co(NH3)4CO3]MnO4" complex and characterized by XRD, TEM and BET techniques. Kinetic of process evaluated using combination of Langmuir-Hinshelwood-Hougen-Watson and response surface methodology. The correlation factor 0.9902 and 0.962were obtained for the RSM and LHHW, respectively. Two methods were well in agreement with together and results showed that the rate-determining step was the reaction of absorbed methylene with absorbed hydrogen atom and the most active species on the surface of the catalyst was only carbon monoxide molecules.
Examining the effect of training with a TfU framework on intravenous therapy administration’s knowledge, performance, and satisfaction of nursing students: a non-randomized controlled study
Authors: huang Jing , Liu Xiaoyan , Xu Jing , Ren Li , Liu Lihui , Jiang Ting , Huang Menglu , Wu Zhoupeng
Published: September 2023

Background: Intravenous infusion therapy management skills of nursing students need to be improved while traditional training models have shortcomings. The Teaching for Understanding (TfU) Framework can improve the teaching-learning process and help reaching quality in education. Training based on TfU framework may promote the performance of nurses.
Methods: Using a non-synchronized design, 51 student nurses from August 2019 to January 2021 were collected as the control group, and 51 student nurses from February 2021 to July 2022 were included as the intervention group. The control group was trained by traditional teaching methods, and the intervention group received training based on TfU framework. The effect was evaluated through medical education environment perception, theory and practice assessment, and teaching satisfaction survey.
Results: After the training, there was no significant difference between the control group and the intervention group in the theory assessment. But the practice assessment scores of the intervention group were significantly higher than those of the control group. Compared with the control group, the satisfaction scores of the trained nurses in the intervention group were significantly higher, with significant differences, especially in communication ability, teamwork cooperation, summing up capability, and learning interesting improvement. The scores of the learning perceptions, atmosphere, social self-perceptions and total scores of the intervention group were significantly higher.
Conclusion: Training using TfU framework can increase the understanding and mastery of knowledge and skills, improve learning enthusiasm, and enhance the abilities of communication and cooperation of students. TfU framework should be popularized in medical education to improve the quality of education.
Lifelike Agility and Play on Quadrupedal Robots using Reinforcement Learning and Generative Pre-trained Models
Authors: Han Lei , Zhu Qingxu , Sheng Jiapeng , Zhang Chong , Li Tingguang , Zhang Yizheng , Zhang He , Liu Yuzhen , Zhou Cheng , Zhao Rui , Li Jie , Zhang Yufeng , Wang Rui , Chi Wanchao , Li Xiong , Zhu Yonghui , Xiang Lingzhu , Teng Xiao , ZHANG Zhengyou
Published: September 2023

Summarizing knowledge from animals and human beings inspires robotic innovations. In this work, we propose a framework for driving legged robots act like real animals with lifelike agility and strategy in complex environments. Inspired by large pre-trained models witnessed with impressive performance in language and image understanding, we introduce the power of advanced deep generative models to produce motor control signals stimulating legged robots to act like real animals. Unlike conventional controllers and end-to-end RL methods that are task-specific, we propose to pre-train generative models over animal motion datasets to preserve expressive knowledge of animal behavior. The pre-trained model holds sufficient primitive-level knowledge yet is environment-agnostic. It is then reused for a successive stage of learning to align with the environments by traversing a number of challenging obstacles that are rarely considered in previous approaches, including creeping through narrow spaces, jumping over hurdles, freerunning over scattered blocks, etc. These traversing capabilities are kept as reusable parameters at environmental-level, again. Finally, a task-specific controller is trained to solve complex downstream tasks by reusing the knowledge from previous stages, while the strategic-level knowledge for solving the task is preserved as reusable parameters, once again. Enriching the knowledge regarding each stage does not affect the usage of other levels of knowledge. This flexible framework offers the possibility of continual knowledge accumulation at different levels. We successfully apply the trained multi-level controllers to the MAX robot, a quadrupedal robot developed in-house, to mimic animals, traverse complex obstacles, and play in a designed challenging multi-agent Chase Tag Game, where lifelike agility and strategy emerge on the robots.1 The present research pushes the frontier of robot control with new insights on reusing multi-level pre-trained knowledge and solving highly complex downstream tasks in the real world.
A Dynamic Knee Function Scoring System for Anterior Cruciate Ligament Injuries Based on Normative Six-of-Freedom Gait Pattern
Authors: Mao Yun-He , Li Jun-Qiao , Lan Tian , Li Jian , Huang Fu-Liang
Published: September 2023

Background: Anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) injuries are common, but traditional examinations primarily focus on static assessments, lacking the ability to evaluate dynamic knee stability. Therefore, a dynamic knee function scoring system is needed.
Purpose: This study aimed to propose a dynamic scoring system based on a large sample of normative six-degrees-of-freedom (6-DOF) gait kinematics and validate its correlation with conventional outcome measurements when assessing ACL-injured knees.
Methods: A total of 500 healthy Chinese participants were recruited to establish a large dataset. 83 patients with isolated unilateral ACL injury were included for preoperative assessments. An infrared navigation three-dimensional portable knee motion analysis system was used to collect data on the 6-DOF of both knees while walking on a treadmill. A novel 6-DOF scoring system was developed based on the large sample data using the dynamic time warping algorithm. The Spearman correlation coefficients (ρ) were calculated between the 6-DOF score and the Lysholm score, 2000 International Knee Documentation Committee (IKDC) subjective score, and Tegner’s activity scale.
Results: The 95% confidence intervals (CI) for abduction/adduction, internal/external rotation, flexion/extension, anterior/posterior translation, medial/lateral translation, and proximal/distal translation in the 500 healthy participants were as follows: 10.07 ± 4.04°, 15.13 ± 4.85°, 60.56 ± 6.07°, 1.79 ± 0.75 cm, 1.09 ± 0.42 cm, and 1.58 ± 0.54 cm, respectively. The Spearman correlation coefficients (ρ) between the 6-DOF score and the assessment scores were as follows: ρ = 0.375 (p < 0.001) for the Lysholm score, ρ = 0.273 (p = 0.016) for Tegner’s activity scale, and ρ = 0.145 (p = 0.208) for the 2000 IKDC subjective score.
Conclusion: Significant correlations were found between the 6-DOF score and the Lysholm score as well as Tegner’s activity scale. Therefore, the 6-DOF score has the potential to provide comprehensive and meaningful information on the dynamic knee function and stability of ACL-injured patients.
SARS-CoV-2 Omicron infection augments the magnitude and durability of systemic and mucosal immunity in triple-dose CoronaVac recipients
Authors: Chen Yuxin , Zhao Tiantian , Chen Lin , Jiang Guozhi , Geng Yu , Li Wanting , Yin Shengxia , Tao Yue , Ni Jun , Lu Qiuhan , Ning Mingzhe , Wu Chao
Published: September 2023

The inactivated whole-virion vaccine, CoronaVac, is one of the most widely used coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) vaccines worldwide. There is a paucity of data indicating the durability of the immune response and the impact of immune imprinting induced by CoronaVac upon Omicron breakthrough infection. In this prospective cohort study, 41 triple-dose CoronaVac recipients and 14 unvaccinated individuals were recruited and the anti-SARS-CoV-2 adaptive responses were analyzed before and post Omicron BA.5 infection. Twelve months after the third CoronaVac vaccination, spike-specific antibody and cellular responses were detectable in most vaccinees. BA.5 infection significantly augmented the magnitude, cross-reactivity and durability of serum neutralization activities, Fc-mediated phagocytosis, and nasal spike-specific IgA responses, memory B cells, memory CD4 + T cells, and memory CD8 + T cells for both the ancestral strain and Omicron subvariants, compared to unvaccinated individuals. Notably, the increment in BA.5-specific immunity after breakthrough infection was consistently higher than for the ancestral strain, suggesting no evidence of immune imprinting. Immune landscape analyses showed vaccinated individuals have better synchronization of multiple immune components than unvaccinated individuals upon heterologous SARS-CoV-2 infection. Our data provides detailed insight into the protective role of inactivated COVID-19 vaccine in shaping humoral and cellular immune responses to heterologous Omicron infection.
Trial registration
ClinicalTrials.gov NCT05680896
Does our body height protect against developing osteoarthritis? Evidence from a Mendelian randomization study
Authors: Jiang Sichao , Zong Junwei , Wang Shouyu
Published: September 2023

Observational studies have suggested a relationship between height and osteoarthritis, but these findings may be influenced by confounding factors and reverse causality. Using Mendelian randomization analysis based on a GWAS dataset of 403,124 individuals primarily of European descent, we examined the effects of height, sitting height, and other factors on the risk of developing osteoarthritis. We also compared the contributions of different exposure factors to determine their relative risks. Our findings indicate that there is no association between overall risk of osteoarthritis and height; however, there is a correlation between height and the risk of developing knee and hip osteoarthritis.
Uncovering aggregated epigenetic index effects on intergenerational transmission of physical neglect and its psychiatric, cognitive, and bonding impact
Authors: León Inmaculada , Gongora Daylin , Rodrigo María José , Herrero-Roldán Silvia , López Maykel , Mitchell Colter , Fisher Jonah , Iturria-Medina Yasser
Published: September 2023

Life adverse events induce DNA methylation changes, but less is known about their impact on maladaptive parenting. We use a trajectory inference method to define a personalized aggregated epigenetic maternal neglect score (EMNs) from saliva DNA methylation data. We evaluate this index as a mediator between having suffered negligence as a daughter and practicing maternal neglect to their children in a cohort of 138 mothers (n = 51 in the neglect group; n = 87 in the control non-neglect group) and with their corresponding young children. Differential methylation between the two groups was used to provide the EMNs after adjusting CpGs by the level of education, age, experimental variables, and leukocytes. Later, the explanatory role of EMNs in connecting suffered negligence in childhood with their posterior maternal neglect profile was tested through structural equation modelling (SEM). The SEM model (X2 (29) = 39.590; p = 0.091; RMSEA = 0.052) confirmed the EMNs as a direct mediator between mothers’ reported childhood physical neglect and psychopathological symptoms, poor cognitive integrity, and observed poor mother-child emotional availability. A third of the genes annotated to the CpGs that affect EMNs are related to cognitive impairment, neurodegenerative and psychopathological disorders. These results establish our EMNs as a novel index to assess the contribution of DNA methylation changes to the intergenerational transmission of neglectful parental behavior and its associated effects. The evidence provided expands the possibilities for earlier and targeted interventions of the neglect condition to prevent and ameliorate the negative impact of maternal adversities on mother-child care, helping to break the cycle of maltreatment.
Long-term Push-pull Cropping System Shifts Rhizosphere and Maize-root Microbiome Diversity Paving Way To Resilient Farming System
Authors: Jalloh Abdul A , Khamis Fathiya , Yusuf Abdullahi , Subramanian Sevgan , Mutyambai Daniel Munyao
Published: September 2023

Background: The rhizosphere biota consists of a complex assembly of microbial communities and other organisms that vary significantly across farming systems and influence soil health and plant productivity. How different cropping systems manipulates soil and plant microbiomes is little understood. In this study, we investigated soil physicochemical properties, rhizosphere and maize-root microbiomes in an agroecological cereal-legume companion cropping system known as push-pull technology (PPT) which has been in use in farmer fields for over two decades for insect-pest management, soil health improvement, and weed control in sub-Saharan Africa. We compared this with the maize-monoculture (Mono) cropping system.
Results: PPT cropping system positively impacted the abundance and diversity of soil and maize-root microbial communities and influenced soil physicochemical characteristics compared to Mono. Specific genera of both bacterial and fungal communities drove the variation in diversity of the microbial communities in these cropping systems. Soil and maize-root from the PPT cropping system had enriched Trichoderma, Mortierella, and Bionectria fungal genera while Streptomyces, RB41, and Nitrospira, among other bacterial genera linked to essential ecosystem services like plant protection, decomposition, carbon utilization, production of bioinsecticides, nitrogen fixation, nematode suppression, phytohormone production, and bioremediation. Bacterial from the genus Bryobacter linked to plant pathogenesis was more abundant in Mono-root. Similarly, fungal genera such as Gibberella, Neocosmospora, and Aspergillus, linked to plant pathogenesis and food contamination, were abundant in Mono. Notable differences were observed in the overall diversity of metabiome functional protein pathways, such as syringate degradation, L-methionine biosynthesis I, and inosine 5'-phosphate degradation.
Conclusion: Push-pull cropping system improves soil physicochemical properties and shifts soil and maize-root microbiomes in farmer fields in favour of microbial communities involved in important ecological services. The current findings add to the diversification of ecosystem services provided by this cropping system where it is practiced and contributes to the system’s resilience and functional redundancy. Underpinning the mechanism through PPT affects the soil and maize-root microbial communities – whether it is through the influence of plant metabolites from the intercrop root exudates or is the alteration of the soil nutritional status which affects microbial enzymatic activities should be the future focus.
Rising Public Cost of Preterm Infant Hospitalization: A nationwide observational study in South Korea
Authors: Lee Ji Young , Park Joonsik , Lee Myeongjee , Han Minkyung , Lim Sung Min , Baek Jee Yeon , Kang Ji-Man , Park Min Soo , Jung Inkyung , Ahn Jong Gyun
Published: September 2023

Objective: Despite the decline in the overall birth rate, increasing preterm births and associated medical costs pose a national concern. We analyze hospitalization costs covered by national public insurance for preterm infants.
Methods: Population-based data, obtained from the National Health Insurance Service (NHIS), which is operated by the Health Insurance Review and Assessment Service, were used for the study. Preterm births from January 1, 2008 to December 31, 2020 were included, using International Classification of Diseases and Related Health Problems, 10th edition (P0.72, extremely preterm <28 weeks gestational age, P07.3, non-extremely preterm). The primary outcomes related to cost from the first hospitalization due to preterm births and medication, and laboratory, radiological, and functional tests by gestational age and birth weight. Additionally, we assessed the readmission rates of preterm infants and the associated medical costs.
Results: A total of 5,312,886 live infants were born, of which 90,575 were claimed as preterm birth hospitalization. The total medical cost per patient increased almost three-fold from $7,390.90 to $20,209.59 from 2008 to 2020; for the extremely preterm group, it increased four-fold ($13,961.03 to $55,984.47 $). The readmission rate within 90 days of discharge was 62.5%; however, a greater proportion of the extremely preterm, as compared to the non-extremely preterm (16.1% vs. 8.32%, P < 0.001) group was readmitted within 30 days,. The extremely preterm group also incurred higher costs associated with readmission (mean $4293.8 vs. $2975.4, P < 0.001).
Conclusion: This study reveals not only the increase in preterm birth rate in South Korea, but also in the associated medical costs. Further attention should be paid to efficient resource allocation at the national level to relieve the medical burden of preterm births.