bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Preparatory Template Activation during Search for Alternating Targets
Authors: Grubert Anna , Eimer Martin
Published: April 2020

Visual search is guided by representations of target-defining features (attentional templates). We tracked the time course of template activation processes during the preparation for search in a task where the identity of color-defined search targets switched across successive trials (ABAB). Task-irrelevant color probes that matched either the upcoming relevant target color or the previous now-irrelevant target color were presented every 200 msec during the interval between search displays. N2pc components (markers of attentional capture) were measured for both types of probes at each time point. A reliable probe N2pc indicates that the corresponding color template is active at the time when the probe appears. N2pcs of equal size emerged from 1000 msec before search display onset for both relevant-color and irrelevant-color probes, demonstrating that both color templates were activated concurrently. Evidence for color-selective attentional control was found only immediately before the arrival of the search display, where N2pcs were larger for relevant-color probes. These results reveal important limitations in the executive control of search preparation in tasks where two targets alternate across trials. Although the identity of the upcoming target is fully predictable, both task-relevant and task-irrelevant target templates are coactivated. Knowledge about target identity selectively biases these template activation processes in a temporally discrete fashion, guided by temporal expectations about when the target template will become relevant.
Politics, Experience, and the Languages of Holiness
Authors: Flood Gavin
Published: April 2020

During the last half century, the category of holiness fell into disrepair although there are recent signs of its revitalization with the Pope’s apostolic exhortation on holiness, Gaudete et Exultate and attention being paid to the category in political philosophy (the work of Agamben and Esposito) and sociology (the work of Hans Joas). In this context, this article argues for the philosophical justification of linking holiness with prepredicative experience as it shows itself through hermeneutical phenomenology, grounded in bio-sociology, but which cannot be isolated from the particular languages of its articulation. Holiness comes into view through the languages of holiness, which in the broadest sense, include human act, and comportment toward world. This involves a discussion about holiness itself being located either in prepolitical experience or being inseparable from political and legal discourse. Of relevance here is also a philosophical discussion of holiness in relation to metaphysical realism.
The Fraternité Notre Dame: From Emergence in Fréchou to Sojourn in Chicago
Authors: Zeller Benjamin E.
Published: April 2020

The Fraternité Notre Dame is a traditionalist Catholic Marian movement founded in 1977 by Bishop Jean Marie Kozik, né Roger Kozik. Kozik received monthly visions, primarily of the Virgin Mary, and established the Fraternité as a Marian devotional movement in Fréchou, southern France. This article analyzes and contextualizes the history of the Fraternité Notre Dame and its founder Bishop Jean Marie, showing how Jean Marie and his movement responded as religious entrepreneurs, innovating in response to the growing tension between the Fraternites and their religious-cultural context, which culminated in their choice to leave France and reestablish themselves in Chicago. The article analyzes the content of the visions, which both reflected this disconnect as well as spurred it onwards. The visions are contextualized within postconciliar Catholicism and the conservative backlash to the reforms of the Second Vatican Council, and reflect both a specific French Catholic context and a global apocalyptic vision of a threatened Catholic Church. Finally, the article considers the group’s institutionalization in Chicago as the culmination of the friction between the Fraternité Notre Dame and its cultural and religious origin in Catholic France.
Religion and Empire in Transnational Perspective: a Response to Pamela Klassen’s Story of Radio Mind and Jennifer Graber’s Gods of Indian Country
Authors: Johnson Sylvester A.
Published: April 2020

This article examines the parallels and contrasts between Pamela Klassen’s and Jennifer Graber’s recent studies of settler colonialism and Indigenous nations of North America. I identify major themes in their analysis and assess the import of their work for the greater understanding of religion, settler-states, and Indigeneity. I note especially the challenge they raise for scholars concerned with missionary friendship with Indians, as both authors complicate facile assumptions about this history.
Deprivation of Liberty in Care. An ECHR and CRPD Approach and its Consequences for Belgium
Authors: Opgenhaffen Tim
Published: April 2020

This contribution examines deprivation of liberty in Belgian healthcare within the frameworks of the ECHR and CRPD. We develop and apply an ECHR-based framework to demonstrate that it is not the admissions to care facilities based on Belgium’s involuntary commitment law that give rise to the unjustified deprivation of liberty, but those based on representation regimes. This can be remedied by broadening Belgium’s involuntary commitment law. However, doing so would go against a CRPD-based framework, which is incompatible with the ECHR; the former opposes disability-based laws. Building on the right to legal capacity and to liberty, the scope of the CRPD’s approach is uncovered. It is suggested that to reconcile the two frameworks, Belgium’s involuntary commitment law should be abolished, and representation regimes should be changed to avoid (rather than to justify) deprivation of liberty. Although its desirability is open for discussion, this could solve a problem that occurs worldwide.
Sebastian Franck, Johann Arndt, and the Varieties of Religious Dissent
Authors: Hannak Kristine , Weeks Andrew
Published: April 2020

Sebastian Franck and Johann Arndt must be included among those dissenters inspired by the Lutheran Reformation who pursued reforming objectives that went beyond theology and devotion. Franck and Arndt are contrasting figures who reveal the breadth of the movement. The former was a radical and rebel whose studies included history and humanism; the latter turned to Paracelsus and strove to work within Lutheran institutions and retain the pastoral authority which Franck cast aside. Both rejected theological dispute and religiously motivated violence; and both were decisively attracted to the same mystical texts. Both exercised remarkable influence in their day and belatedly in different later periods.
Valentin Weigel and Anticlerical Tradition
Authors: Weeks Andrew
Published: April 2020

Paracelsus, Valentin Weigel, and Jacob Böhme are not only linked by a clear chain of influence and borrowing; they are all deeply rooted in the Protestant Reformation. However, the tendency to assign Paracelsus to medicine or the Renaissance and to subsume Weigel and Böhme under the anachronistic heading of “German mysticism” has obfuscated their kinship as well as their significance in German intellectual history. Their relegation distorts the breadth of the reform set in motion after 1517. They share an anticlerical tendency and a determination to expand the Reformation beyond doctrine and devotion to encompass other spheres of life and learning. Their reforming antiauthoritarianism found expression both in the nature philosophy of Paracelsus and in the mystical impulses of Weigel and Böhme.
Secularity, Emotion and Law in Ian McEwan’s: The Children Act
Authors: Rattanamathuwong Bancha
Published: April 2020

This paper examines Ian McEwan’s The Children Act as a work of fiction that explores the contemporary issue of secularism. My argument is that the novel’s exploration of the interplay between law and feelings demonstrates McEwan’s attempt to defy the dichotomous quality commonly attributed to law. By juxtaposing the implementation of law and religious practices, the novel’s dramatization of the collision between these two forces shows that emotion and feeling are never absent from the allegedly unsympathetic secular civic institution. The realm of law can offer both sympathy and compassion to people who are subject to it.
Traditional Intricate Paper Cutting Techniques of Southern Thailand: Background, Beliefs, and Cultural Animation of Thai Buddhist Culture
Authors: Virunanont Pannee
Published: April 2020

Intricate paper cutting of Southern Thailand is a traditional folk art, which is passed down from one generation to another. However, there are no detailed studies or records of the historical backgrounds, beliefs, and cultural animation of Thai-Buddhist culture in Southern Thailand concerning this folk art. This study, therefore, aims to examine this art form in Songkhla and Nakhon Sri Thammarat provinces, which have their own cultural identities. The goal is to register this art form as a part of cultural heritage. The compilation of vital data includes (1) paper characteristics, (2) paper engraving methods, (3) colours, (4) instruments, (5) pattern designing, (6) purposes of the arts, (7) origins and history, and (8) knowledge of transferring methods. The findings reveal the origins of the beliefs and Buddhist faith of the community. The intricate paper cutting techniques are still maintained in the form of decorations found at auspicious events, festivals, and cultural ceremonies in every region of Thailand. The techniques of this art form are in decline but its use still prevails in community life, remaining favourites at auspicious festivities and cultural events for the sake of conserving distinct identities.
A new anophthalmic trechine genus and two new species from southern Guizhou, China (Coleoptera: Carabidae: Trechini)
Authors: TIAN MINGYI , CHEN MENGZHEN , MA ZIJUN
Published: April 2020

A new genus and two new species of cavernicolous trechine beetles are reported from southern Guizhou Province, Southwest China: Miaotrechus mahua n. gen., n. sp. from the cave Miaoting, Getuhe cave system, Ziyun Miao & Buyi Zizhi Xian (Autonomous County), Anshun Shi; M. heweii n. sp. from the cave Jingua Dong, danzhai County, Qiandongnan Miao & Dong Zizhizhou (Autonomous Prefecture). Miaotrechus might be related to the genus Guizhaphaenops Vigna Taglianti, 1997, but it is an Anophthalmus-like, whereas Guizhaphaenops species are semi-aphaenopsian.
The identity of Azara´s (1805) No. 246 Trepador remos y cola roxos (Aves: Furnariidae)
Authors: SMITH PAUL
Published: April 2020

The identity of Azara’s No. 246 “Trepador remos y cola roxos” and the names Dendrocolaptes miniatus Illiger, 1820 and Dendrocopus rubricaudatus Vieillot, 1818, which are based on it, have never been convincingly elucidated, and previously proposed identifications in the literature are demonstrably incorrect. Azara shot his specimen in a Paraguayan forest and provided a detailed description and measurements of it in his Spanish text. These are sufficient to confirm the identity of the specimen and the names based on it as the Olive Spinetail, long known as Cranioleuca obsoleta (Reichenbach, 1853). Dendrocolaptes miniatus Illiger, 1820 and Dendrocopus rubricaudatus Vieillot, 1818 nevertheless have date priority over that name, but as they have not been used as valid since 1899 they are nomina oblita under Article 23.9.2 of the Code. Cranioleuca obsoleta has been in universal use for this species since Hellmayr (1925), so it qualifies as a nomen protectum under Article 23.9.2, and remains the valid name for the Olive Spinetail.
Tornadoes in Northern Eurasia: From the Middle Age to the Information Era
Authors: Chernokulsky Alexander , Kurgansky Michael , Mokhov Igor , Shikhov Andrei , Azhigov Igor , Selezneva Evgeniya , Zakharchenko Denis , Antonescu Bogdan , Kühne Thilo
Published: April 2020

The last comprehensive statistics of tornadoes in northern Eurasia (NE) were published more than 30 years ago. This paper introduces a new database of tornadoes in NE that spans from the tenth century to 2016. The database, compiled using various sources, contains 2879 tornado cases over land and water and includes tornado characteristics. Tornadoes are common for most regions of NE, with a density reaching four cases per 104 km2 in 1900–2016 in some regions. Tornadoes over land have distinct annual and diurnal cycles: they form mostly in May–August, with a maximum in June, and during daytime, with a maximum at 1700–1800 local time. Waterspouts form in all months with a maximum in late summer and mostly at 0900–1300 local time. Most tornadoes are weak and short lived. The Fujita-scale intensity is ≤F1 for 80% and ≥F3 for 3% out of all rated tornadoes. Half last less than 10 min. The average annual number of all tornadoes over land is around 150, including 10 and 2 tornadoes with ≥F2 and ≥F3 intensity, respectively. Annually, 1–2 tornadoes lead to casualties and result in 2.9 fatalities and 36.3 injuries. Despite the incompleteness of the dataset, our results show that tornadoes in NE, although being rare, are not as extremely rare as has been thought before. The results illustrate the substantial underestimation of tornado threat by the general public, researchers, and meteorologists, and unambiguously indicate the need for systematic assessments and forecasting of tornadoes by national weather services.
Did the Clinical Spectrum of Thromboangiitis Obliterans Change in the Past 40 Years?
Authors: Soudet Simon , Le Joncour Alexandre , Quemeneur Thomas , Maillard Helene , Koskas Fabien , Hachulla Eric , Cacoub Patrice , Yelnik Cecile M. , Saadoun David , Lambert Marc
Published: April 2020

Thromboangiitis obliterans (TAO) is an inflammatory disease that usually affects small and medium-sized arteries in the upper and lower limbs of young smokers. Previous studies showed that the spectrum TAO has changed in the 80s: the male-to-female ratio decreased, older patients were diagnosed, and upper limb involvement was more common. The aim of our study was to assess the changing clinical spectrum of TAO in France during the past 40 years. All consecutive patients fulfilling TAO’s criteria between January 1967 and January 2016 were retrospectively included in 3 departments of internal medicine. We compared TAO features in patients diagnosed before and after 2002; 141 (77.5%) men and 41 (22.5%) women were included. Patients diagnosed after 2002 were older (37 [31-39] vs 34 [29-35] years P = .03), had a more frequent isolated upper limb involvement (34.3% vs 7.8% P = .001), and less frequent isolated lower limb involvement (55.7% vs 74.5%, P < .001). The clinical spectrum of TAO has changed in France since the beginning of the 21st century.
Ultrasonic Measurement of Lingual Artery and Its Application for Midline Glossectomy
Authors: Liu Chun , Qin Jie , Xing Dengxiang , Lu Haibo , Yue Ruiyi , Li Shuhua , Wu Dahai
Published: April 2020

Objective:

To explore the application of lingual artery ultrasound (US) for midline glossectomy in patients with obstructive sleep apnea (OSA).

Methods:

Lingual artery US was performed in 57 OSA patients (OSA group) and 20 normal persons (control group). The differences in the depths of the lingual arteries and the distances between the bilateral lingual arteries were compared between two groups. The correlations between apnea-hypopnea index (AHI), AHI after the nasopharyngeal tube insertion (NPT-AHI), Friedman tongue position (FTP) and all the parameters of lingual arteries were analyzed.

Results:

Both the depths of the lingual arteries and the distances between the bilateral lingual arteries in the OSA group were larger than those in the control group ( P < .01). All the parameters of the lingual arteries in OSA patients were positively correlated with AHI, NPT-AHI and FTP ( P < .05). While controlling for body mass index (BMI), all the parameters of the lingual arteries in OSA patients were still correlated with NPT-AHI positively ( P ≤ .01).

Conclusion:

Pre-operative US can show the course of the lingual artery clearly for pre-operative planning. The depth and width of the lingual artery in OSA patients were different from controls. NPT-AHI has high sensitivity in predicting all the parameters of the lingual arteries. FTP is closely correlated with the depth of the lingual arteries.
Effect of transverse reinforcement on cracking of CFRP composite laminates under static and fatigue loads
Authors: Giżyński Maciej
Published: April 2020

Several CFRP laminates with various layups, possessing two distinctive forms of transverse reinforcement either UD 90° or fabric 0°/90°, were tested in both static and fatigue tests. All examined layups were considered to be used in the wingbox design of the multipurpose turboprop aircraft. In-situ microscopic observations were carried out during the tests. Static tensile tests allowed to find the strength of the laminas, stress, and strains at which cracks started to propagate, crack density during the test. The microscopic observations allowed to establish cracks’ growth paths. The first crack in laminates having fabric 0°/90° laminas usually was observed for higher stress and strain than in laminates with UD 90° laminas. Also, the later ones showed a tendency to significantly delaminate along the interface between UD 90° and UD 45° laminas. The fatigue test was carried out in order to find how to distinguish damage growth in both families of laminates that affects their fatigue life. As an outcome, S-N lines were determined. During the test the microscopic observations were made, which allowed to show crack and delamination growth during successive load cycles. The microscopic observations showed that cyclic loading leads to the fast growth of delaminations at the interface of fabric 0°/90°ply or UD 90° laminas.
Profits and Violence in Illegal Markets: Evidence from Venezuela
Authors: Kronick Dorothy
Published: April 2020

Some theories predict that profits facilitate peace in illegal markets, while others predict that profits fuel violence. I provide empirical evidence from drug trafficking in Venezuela. Using original data, I compare lethal violence trends in municipalities near a major trafficking route to trends elsewhere, both before and after counternarcotics policy in neighboring Colombia increased the use of Venezuelan transport routes. For thirty years prior to this policy change, lethal violence trends were similar; afterward, outcomes diverged: violence increased more along the trafficking route than elsewhere. Together with qualitative accounts, these findings illuminate the conditions under which profits fuel violence in illegal markets.
In Praise of Indignation
Authors: West Harper
Published: April 2020

As a survivor of interpersonal violence and expert in recovery from relational abuse, I instinctively reacted with indignation when I recognized Trump as an abusive personality. Indignation advocates righteous anger in opposition to immoral, disgusting, or unfair behavior aimed at reducing the dignity of others. Accessing indignation to confront abusers is essential for the health of interpersonal relationships. In the same way, I had a moral obligation to be a truth-teller about Trump in service of the country. Prosocial emotions help manage antisocial behaviors universally judged as nonreciprocal. When Trump’s mental health was first discussed, I predicted it would be frustrating, because the medical model of psychiatry has lost its way in many regards, notably its disavowal of the role of emotions. Evolution designed emotions as essential guides for healthy human relationships. A case formulation model I designed advocates identifying those like Trump as other-blamers—people with low self-worth who manage shame and social downranking by blame-shifting. They are attracted to partners with low self-worth who readily accept blame ( self-blamers). The profession should educate on the power of shame, the widespread harms of narcissistic abuse, and help clients access indignation and assertiveness. Moral elements should be reintegrated into psychology.
Inefficiencies in Digital Advertising Markets
Authors: Gordon Brett R. , Jerath Kinshuk , Katona Zsolt , Narayanan Sridhar , Shin Jiwoong , Wilbur Kenneth C.
Published: April 2020

Digital advertising markets are growing and attracting increased scrutiny. This article explores four market inefficiencies that remain poorly understood: ad effect measurement, frictions between and within advertising channel members, ad blocking, and ad fraud. Although these topics are not unique to digital advertising, each manifests in unique ways in markets for digital ads. The authors identify relevant findings in the academic literature, recent developments in practice, and promising topics for future research.
Morphometric analysis of alpha-1, 3-galactosyltransferase knockout pig kidney and heart
Authors: Vasamsetti Bala Murali Krishna , Park Sang Hyoun , Rallabandi Harikrishna Reddy , Lee Heasun , Byun Sung-June , Ock Sun A , Lee Hwi-Cheul , Hwang Seongsoo , Oh Keon Bong
Published: April 2020

We report a morphometric evaluation of α1,3-galactosyltransferase knockout (GTKO) pig heart and kidney ( n = 9) at the end of one, three and seven months. Organs parameters gradually increased with the age ( p < 0.05) and body weight ( p < 0.05) of the pigs. Organs morphometries were significantly correlated to the age and body weight of the animal. We were able to conclude the average size of GTKO pig heart and kidney based on age and body weight, which could be helpful in estimating the size of these organs non-invasively for transplantation.
Sex and Emotion Regulation Difficulties Contribute to Depression in Young Adults With Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder
Authors: Welkie Janelle , Babinski Dara E. , Neely Kristina A.
Published: April 2020

Many young adults with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) are at risk for depression. Yet, questions remain about factors associated with the development of depression in young adults with ADHD. This study examined the effects of sex and emotion regulation difficulties on depression in a sample of young adults with ( n =  172) and without ( n =  730) ADHD. Two aspects of emotion regulation difficulties were examined—impairments in emotional insight (i.e., lack of emotional awareness, nonacceptance of emotion, and lack of emotional clarity) and impairments in behavioral response to emotion (i.e., impulse control difficulties, difficulties engaging in goal-directed behavior, and limited access to emotion regulation strategies). Significant correlations between ADHD and all indices of emotion regulation difficulty emerged. Sex moderated the association between ADHD and lack of emotional awareness, difficulties engaging in goal-directed behavior, and limited access to emotion regulation strategies. Specifically, ADHD was significantly associated with limited emotion regulation awareness for women but not men, while ADHD was associated with greater difficulties engaging in goal-directed behavior and limited access to emotion regulation strategies for women compared to men. These three areas of emotion regulation dysfunction simultaneously mediated the association between ADHD and depression. The findings indicate the importance of considering emotion regulation and sex in understanding depression in young adults with ADHD.
The influence of mechanical action on felting shrinkage of wool fabric in the tumble dryer
Authors: Bao Wei , Shen Jinsong , Ding Xuemei
Published: April 2020

Felting shrinkage of untreated wool fabric occurs easily during tumble drying. Mechanical action applied on fabrics plays a significant part in felting shrinkage of wool fabric. In general, the more severe the mechanical action of a washing or drying machine, the more rapid the felting shrinkage. However, both the degree and type of mechanical action applied on the fabric can influence felting shrinkage of untreated wool fabric.

In the current study, fabric movement and felting shrinkage of untreated wool fabric at different rotation speeds of the drum in a tumble dryer without heating were studied. Based on the different fabric movements at different rotation speeds of the tumble drum, the extents of impact and rubbing forces at different rotation speeds were assessed by ranking. The total mechanical action applied on the fabric was expressed as the percentage of thread removal of “thread removal fabric” during the drying process. The results showed that lowest mechanical force on fabrics could be achieved when higher rotation speeds of the drum were used to dry wool fabrics in the tumble dryer, and could prevent wool felting shrinkage. It was also found that falling of the fabric followed by impact on the drum wall caused less felting shrinkage than sliding with rubbing between fabrics. Therefore, maintaining the falling movement could be a potential method to dry wool fabric in drying machines without causing severe felting shrinkage.
The effect of bending on laser-cut electro-textile inductors and capacitors attached on denim as wearable structures
Authors: Escobedo Pablo , de Pablos-Florido Jaime , Carvajal Miguel A , Martínez-Olmos Antonio , Capitán-Vallvey Luis F , Palma Alberto J
Published: April 2020

In this paper we present the design, fabrication and characterization of electro-textile inductor and capacitor patterns on denim fabric as a basis for the development of wearable e-textiles. Planar coil inductors have been harnessed as antenna structures for the development of near field communication tags with temperature sensing capability, while interdigitated electrode capacitors have been used as humidity sensors for wearable applications. The effect of bending in the electrical performance of such structures was evaluated, showing variations below 5% in both inductance and capacitance values for bending angles in the range of interest; that is, those fitting to human limbs. In the case of the fabricated near field communication tags, a shift in the resonance frequency below 1.7% was found, meaning that the e-textile tag would still be readable by a near field communication-enabled smartphone. In respect of the capacitive humidity sensor, we obtained a minimum capacitance variation of 40% for a relative humidity range from 10% to 90%. Measured thermal shift was below 5% in the range from 10 to 40℃. When compared with the 4% variation due to bending, it can be concluded that this capacitive structure can be harnessed as a humidity sensor even under bending strain conditions and moderate temperature variations. The development and characterization of such structures on denim fabrics, which is one of the most popular fabrics for everyday clothing, combined with the additional advantage of affordable and easy fabrication methodologies, means a further step towards the next generation of smart e-textile products.
Rhabdomyolysis due to hypothyroidism without any precipitating factor
Authors: Varalakshmi DB , Ram R , Siva Kumar V
Published: April 2020

Rhabdomyolysis may develop due to hypothyroidism alone without any precipitating factors, but such reports are rare. We report as such the first manifestation of hypothyroidism.
Safety measures for conducting exercise oxygen consumption, VO2, tests in developing countries
Authors: Rowe Michael F
Published: April 2020

Measurements of rate of oxygen consumption (VO2) recorded during controlled exercise is used to assess cardiovascular health in test individuals. In low- or middle-income countries, where Mycobacterium tuberculosis is common and older VO2 systems are in use, three specific preventative measures should be in place to prevent the transmission of tuberculosis. These include: (1) disinfecting reusable plastic masks and rubber tubing with bleach solution; (2) limiting maximum exposure of test individuals to Cl2 gas to <1–3 ppm for a duration of ≤15 min to prevent respiratory distress; and (3) carefully inspecting for degradation of plastic VO2 masks and rubber tubing repeatedly disinfected with bleach and replace these at the first signs of deterioration.
Talking Politics: The Relationship Between Supportive and Opposing Discussion With Partisan Media Credibility and Use
Authors: Hmielowski Jay D. , Staggs Sarah , Hutchens Myiah J. , Beam Michael A.
Published: April 2020

In this article, we test a dynamic intracommunication process looking at the relationships between interpersonal discussion, perceived credibility of partisan media, and partisan media use. Using the theoretical foundation of hostile media perceptions, with a specific focus on relative hostile media, we examine whether interpersonal communication affects perceived credibility of liberal and conservative media outlets and whether these effects translate into increased use or avoidance of partisan media outlets. Using data collected during the 2016 U.S. election, we find that supportive interpersonal discussion is associated with greater perceived credibility of liberal media outlets (e.g., MSNBC) among liberals, which results in increased use of liberal leaning news outlets. In addition, we find that discussion with those who hold opposing views is associated with increased perceived credibility of conservative media outlets (e.g., Fox News) among conservatives, which translates into greater use of conservative leaning outlets. Similarly, talking to those who hold opposing views decreases perceived credibility of liberal media outlets (e.g., MSNBC) among conservatives, resulting in decreased use of liberal leaning outlets.
Does Participatory Budgeting Alter Public Spending? Evidence From New York City
Authors: Calabrese Thad , Williams Dan , Gupta Anubhav
Published: April 2020

Participatory budgeting is described as a direct-democracy approach to resource allocation decision making. Theories assume it changes how public resources are spent by moving decisions from elected officials to citizens. The literature does not consider how earmarking—in which legislators direct parts of public budgets directly—might affect the impact of such policy devices. New York City’s participatory budgeting process which uses earmarks is analyzed to determine spending changes. Officials involved fund more projects at lower average amounts than those not involved but do not change the areas of funding, all of which is expected in systems of budgetary earmarks controlled by legislators.
Decolonisation in the field of public administration: The responsiveness of the scholarship of teaching and learning
Authors: Matsiliza Noluthando S
Published: April 2020

This article sets out to explore and analyse the repositioning of the scholarship of teaching and learning in the study of governance. The proponent of this study argues that the scholarship of teaching and learning in public administration and management must respond to decolonisation within the context of its disciplinary culture and practices. Decolonisation in South Africa followed in the wake of student demands for free and equal education and the call for the rejection of the hegemony of Western, European and apartheid knowledge production. As part of responsiveness, this article argues that the scholarship of teaching and learning in the field of public administration and management must be repositioned by recognising the existence of new narratives in the pedagogy of governance that upholds African agency, culture, societal values and practices without compromising quality. Findings from this study suggest that the scholarship of teaching and learning must be framed by local knowledge and must create a drive for a restoration of epistemic agenda in African universities that teach governance studies.
Behavioral Activation and Acceptance and Commitment Therapy in the Treatment of Anxiety and Depression in Cancer Survivors: A Randomized Clinical Trial
Authors: Fernández-Rodríguez Concepción , González-Fernández Sonia , Coto-Lesmes Rocío , Pedrosa Ignacio
Published: April 2020

Behavioural Activation (BA) and Acceptance and Commitment Therapy (ACT) aim to reduce the inflexible avoidance of painful thoughts, feelings and memories and to encourage involvement in relevant activities, objectives which are clearly relevant to the situation of cancer survivors with emotional problems. With a view to evaluating and comparing the efficacy of both therapies, applied on a group basis, a randomized controlled trial was developed. Cancer survivors (age 18–65 years) with anxiety and/or depression were assigned at random to two experimental groups (BA; ACT) and a waiting list control group (WL). Of the 66 cancer survivors randomized to trial (intention-to-treat sample), 46 participants ( M = 51.49; SD = 6.88) completed the intervention (BA, n = 17; ACT, n = 12; WL, n = 17) (per-protocol sample). The emotional state, experiential avoidance and behavioural activation of the participants was evaluated in the pre- and post-treatment and in a 3-month follow-up using standardized instruments. Both treatment groups showed statistically significant changes, indicating an improvement in all the result variables in the post-treatment and follow-up as compared to the pre-treatment. BA showed better results than ACT regarding impact on anxiety and activation. This greater efficacy may have been due to factors such as the emphasis placed in BA on behavioural activation and the central role played in it by functional analysis. The key role played by experiential avoidance and behavioral activation in the maintenance and treatment of emotional problems in cancer survivors is discussed. Raw data are available online ( http://dx.doi.org/10.17632/m7w688khs8.1 )
Pharyngeal Ectopic Thymus: A Case Report
Authors: Chen Chi , Liu Bei-Bei , Bian Pan-Pan , Xu Bai-Cheng , Guo Yu-Fen
Published: April 2020

Pharyngeal ectopic thymus is a rare cause of pharyngeal masses and is rarely considered in the differential diagnosis of neck and head masses in children. In this paper, the case of an infant with a pharyngeal ectopic thymus is presented and our intraoral surgical approach in the patient’s treatment is described.
Recurrent Meningitis in Congenital Inner Ear Malformation
Authors: Zwierz Aleksander , Masna Krystyna , Burduk Paweł
Published: April 2020

Spontaneous cerebrospinal fluid otorrhea is very rare. Because of nonspecific symptoms, it is usually diagnosed when complications such as meningitis occur. Cerebrospinal fluid leak may be caused by cochlea malformation, which permits nonphysiological communication between subarachnoid space and tympanomastoid cavity. Nearly 20% of congenital sensorineural hearing loss is connected with inner ear bone malformation. We present a case of 40-year-old man suffering since early childhood from recurrent meningitis and right ear deafness, caused by congenital internal ear malformation. For many years, patient with sensorineural hearing loss had not undergone diagnostic radiology; computed tomography scans of the temporal bone had not been performed. Developing meningitis in early childhood was regarded as the reason for deafness.
The Prognostic Value of Circulating Inflammatory Cell Counts in Sudden Sensorineural Hearing Loss and the Effect of Cardiovascular Risk Factors
Authors: Sancaktar Mehmet Eser , Ağrı İbrahim , Çeçen Ayşe Bel , Akgül Gökhan , Çelebi Mehmet
Published: April 2020

Objectives:

Recent studies suggest that elevated neutrophil to lymphocyte ratio (NLR) and platelet to lymphocyte ratio (PLR) are poor prognostic factors in sudden sensorineural hearing loss (SSNHL). We aimed to investigate the accuracy of this hypothesis by taking into account the effect of cardiovascular risk (CVR) factors.

Methods:

Medical records of 122 patients with SSNHL were reviewed retrospectively and grouped into 2 as; patients without CVR (group 1; n = 68) and patients having CVR (group 2; n = 54). Moreover, 60 control cases who did not have SSNHL were also included and grouped into 2 as; group 3 (n = 30) with CVR and group 4 (n = 30) healthy controls without having SSNHL or CVRs. Neutrophil (N), lymphocyte (L), platelet (Plt), NLR, and PLR between the groups and their relationship with the severity of hearing loss, recovery rates, and audiogram configurations were analyzed.

Results:

The highest N and NLR values were in group 1 and were significantly higher than the values of group 4 ( P < .05, P < .01). There was no significant relationship between the groups in terms of L, Plt, or PLR values. The highest NLR and PLR values were determined in SSNHL patients with mild hearing loss, complete recovery, and up-sloping audiogram configuration ( P > .05).

Conclusions:

Elevated levels of N and NLR may be considered as strong laboratory findings showing an inflammatory response in the diagnosis of SSNHL, but the presence of CVR factors does not seem to increase the inflammatory response in SSNHL as expected. In patients with SSNHL, NLR and PLR elevation may indicate better prognosis.
Social media in Uganda: revitalising news journalism?
Authors: Namasinga Selnes Florence , Orgeret Kristin Skare
Published: April 2020

The article discusses the role of social media in relation to the traditional journalistic sphere in Uganda. Through an analysis of how journalists in three Ugandan newspapers use social media in their daily work, the article discusses how social media affect conventional sourcing practices, reportage and professional norms. The article is particularly interested in how Facebook and Twitter serve as alternative channels through which sources with less access to traditional means of communication get their message(s) across to journalists. The findings are discussed in light of the present development of social media legislation in Uganda. The discussions feed into a larger reflection on social media’s potential to create avenues of access in a semi-democratic setting where attempts to curtail media freedom and freedom of expression are frequent.
Institutional logics and the EU’s limited sanctioning capacity under Article 7 TEU
Authors: Closa Carlos
Published: April 2020

Several European Union (EU) governments have infringed the obligation to respect ‘rule of law’ as demanded by the European Union Treaty but, despite its supranational features, the EU has done little to sanction those violations. Why? The European Union’s institutional features paradoxically permit (and even encourage) logics that might be inhibiting its sanctioning capacity. Thus, a partisanship logic informs the European Parliament and this protects errant states. Then, the Commission, rather than acting assertively, anticipates the Council’s stance and adapts also its actions to anticipate a ‘compliance dilemma’ (i.e. compliance depends ultimately on the good will and cooperation of domestic authorities). The Commission prefers to channel its sanctioning activity via other softer instruments (e.g. infringement procedures). Finally, a distaste for increasing EU competence, ideological sympathy for illiberal governments, or fears of spillovers from sanctioning activity inform the action of governments within the Council. Those three institutional logics combine to explain the unexpectedly low sanctioning record for breaches of EU values.
Are All Immigrant Families Created Equal? The Acculturation and Social Integration of Mixed-Nativity Families
Authors: Ho Phoebe , Kao Grace
Published: April 2020

A large proportion of the children of immigrants are in mixed-nativity families, with one immigrant and one native-born parent. Despite their significant presence, the theoretical and empirical underpinnings for understanding mixed-nativity families’ acculturation and social integration are lacking. Using nationally representative data from the Education Longitudinal Study of 2002, we compare the parent-child and family-school relationships of mixed-nativity families—separating those with immigrant mothers from those with immigrant fathers—to those of immigrant-only and native-only families. We find that parent-child relationships in mixed-nativity families are similar to those of native-only families in that they enforce more rules and share fewer family meals. However, families with immigrant mothers—including those with native-born fathers—are less connected to their children’s schools and to other parents. Our results highlight the need to consider mixed-nativity families as distinct from both immigrant-only and native-only families.
Predatory Journals: What They Are and How to Avoid Them
Authors: Elmore Susan A. , Weston Eleanor H.
Published: April 2020

Predatory journals—also called fraudulent, deceptive, or pseudo-journals—are publications that claim to be legitimate scholarly journals but misrepresent their publishing practices. Some common forms of predatory publishing practices include falsely claiming to provide peer review, hiding information about article processing charges, misrepresenting members of the journal’s editorial board, and other violations of copyright or scholarly ethics. Because of their increasing prevalence, this article aims to provide helpful information for authors on how to identify and avoid predatory journals.
It’s Time to Reconsider The Principles of Humane Experimental Technique
Authors: Balls Michael
Published: April 2020

In the 60 years since the publication of The Principles of Humane Experimental Technique, the Three Rs ( Reduction, Refinement, Replacement) proposed by William Russell and Rex Burch have gradually been accepted throughout the world as ways of facing up to the ethical and scientific dilemmas involved in animal experimentation. However, the scale of animal use and the use of animals as models of humans has continued, seemingly almost unchallenged in much of the scientific community, despite the warnings about models, species differences and human variation spelled out in the The Principles. In this Comment, it is proposed that it is time to move away from the animal welfare focus of the Three Rs, in favour of a wider concept of humanity, which also embraces human welfare. In addition, since less than 10% of new drugs successfully pass from preclinical testing, which is highly reliant on animal procedures, to acceptance for clinical use, it is argued that the aim should not be to directly replace animal testing with non-animal methods with similar aims and which produce similar results, but to take advantage of developments in cell and molecular biology and in computer science, to devise new, different, appropriate, specific and intelligent stand-alone preclinical testing strategies that are applicable to particular human situations.
Mathematical model of methane driven by hydraulic fracturing in gassy coal seams
Authors: Lu Weiyong , Huang Bingxiang
Published: April 2020

During hydraulic fracturing in gassy coal, methane is driven by hydraulic fracturing. However, its mathematical model has not been established yet. Based on the theory of ‘dual-porosity and dual-permeability’ fluid seepage, a mathematical model is established, with the cleat structure, main hydraulic fracture and methane driven by hydraulic fracturing considered simultaneously. With the help of the COMSOL Multiphysics software, the numerical solution of the mathematical model is obtained. In addition, the space–time rules of water and methane saturation, pore pressure and its gradient are obtained. It is concluded that (1) along the direction of the methane driven by hydraulic fracturing, the pore pressure at the cleat demonstrates a trend of first decreasing and later increasing. The pore pressure gradient exhibits certain regional characteristics along the direction of the methane driven by hydraulic fracturing. (2) Along the direction of the methane driven by hydraulic fracturing, the water saturation exhibits a decreasing trend; however, near the cleat or hydraulic fracture, the water saturation first increases and later decreases. The water saturation in the central region of the coal matrix block is smaller than that of its surrounding region, while the saturation of water in the entire matrix block is greater than that in the cleat or hydraulic fracture surrounding the matrix block. The water saturation at the same space point increases gradually with the time progression. The space–time distribution rules of methane saturation are contrary to those of the water saturation. (3) The free methane driven by hydraulic fracturing includes the original free methane and the free methane desorbed from the adsorption methane. The reduction rate of the adsorption methane is larger than that of free methane.
Of bakeries and checkpoints: Stately affects in Amman and Baghdad
Authors: Martínez José Ciro , Sirri Omar
Published: April 2020

This paper examines bakeries and checkpoints through their relationship to the state and connects considerations of affect with the burgeoning literature on infrastructure. Drawing on ethnographic fieldwork in Amman and Baghdad, we centre routine encounters at these sites and argue that infrastructural engagements ignite energies, desires and sentiments that are deeply implicated in how the state plays out in everyday life. We zoom in on these ordinary affects and unpack the situated histories of rule in which they emerge. In Amman and Baghdad, stately affects work in and through infrastructure, doing so with regularity and intensity, and at specific times and places. The state effect transpires and thrives through these quotidian affective resonances, not just in the realm of ideas and imaginaries.
Integrating models of marital functioning to understand the mental health consequences of the Great Recession
Authors: Ascigil Esra , Selcuk Emre , Gunaydin Gul , Ong Anthony D.
Published: April 2020

It is well established that negative financial events during macroeconomic crises have a significant impact on individuals’ mental health. Much less is known about how and for whom economic crises impact mental health. Using data from the Midlife in the United States study, we examine the mental health impact of the Great Recession in the U.S. Drawing on predictions from the Vulnerability-Stress-Adaptation Model of Marriage and the Family Stress Model, we examined whether increases in marital disagreements mediated the link between recession adversities (e.g., unemployment, increased debt, loss of a home) and mental health following the recession (2013–2014), controlling for prerecession marital disagreements and mental health (2004–2006). We found that those who experienced a greater number of recession adversities showed increased marital disagreements following the Great Recession, which were in turn associated with poorer mental health (negative affect and affective disorder). These associations held after controlling for prerecession levels of gender, age, race, and education. Furthermore, those who had lower income before the recession experienced greater increases in negative affect following the recession. These findings highlight the importance of marital processes in how the Great Recession is linked to mental health.
Looking from the bright side: The Light Triad predicts Tinder use for love
Authors: Sevi Barış , Doğruyol Burak
Published: April 2020

The Dark Triad of personality has gained much attention in the literature, while the lighter side of personality has not received comparable attention. This study aimed to examine how the Light Triad of personality traits (Faith in Humanity, Humanism, and Kantianism) differs between Tinder users, and how these personality traits are related to motivations to use Tinder for short- and long-term mating. Cross-sectional data from current Tinder users ( n = 130), past Tinder users ( n = 56), and people who have never used Tinder ( n = 121) were examined. The results revealed that compared to Tinder users, nonusers have higher scores on Kantianism, which might be related to Kantians not emphasizing attractiveness, a factor that has a role in online dating success. Further, Tinder users with higher total scores on the Light Triad were found to show higher motivation to use Tinder for long-term mating, whereas a significant relation was not found motivation to use Tinder for short-term mating. Long-term mating requires establishing a cooperative relationship with someone, and the motivation to use Tinder to find long-term mates may be due to the cooperation-promoting nature of the Light Triad.