bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Energy management system for islanded multi‐microgrids using a two‐stage optimization scheme based on political optimizer
Authors: Mahmoud Ibrahim , Hasanien Hany M. , Turky Rania A. , Omran Walid A.
Published: March 2023

An energy management system (EMS) is proposed in this paper to minimize the amount of load shedding in islanded multi‐microgrids (MMGs) systems in a cost‐effective manner. The suggested EMS adopts a two‐stage hierarchical optimization model. The first stage is called microgrid (MG) optimization, in which the load shedding in each MG is minimized. The day‐ahead schedule of the diesel generator, the charging/discharging power of the battery energy storage system (BESS), the reshaped load profile after applying the demand response programs (DRP), and the shortage/surplus power in each MG are determined in the first stage of optimization. The second stage is MMG optimization, in which the amount of energy shortage in the MMG system is further minimized by energy exchange between individual MGs. The remaining shortage can be reduced with the aid of the community MG resources. The proposed optimization model is formulated as a nonlinear complex optimization problem that can be handled more efficiently by the meta‐heuristic techniques compared with the conventional analytic methods. The political optimizer is used in this paper. To prove the effectiveness of this optimizer in handling the proposed model, we also solved the optimization problem using the particle swarm optimization algorithm, and results are compared.
A bi‐level multistage distribution network expansion planning framework with the cooperation of residential private investors (A case study in Iran)
Authors: Ashoornezhad Ali , Falaghi Hamid , Hajizadeh Amin , Ramezani Maryam
Published: March 2023

In recent years, supporting schemes have been legislated by several governments to encourage private investors in installing renewable energy resources (RER). In such cases, the supportive policies are mainly enacted based on the either investor or distribution companies’ standpoint. In this paper, a distribution network expansion planning (DNEP) framework with the cooperation of residential private investors (RPI) is proposed. Due to the presence of a couple of main participants, the proposed framework is arranged in a bi‐level framework, where the RPI participation is optimized at the upper level, and the system structure is determined at the lower level. In order to assess the profitability of the project from the investors’ attitude, payback period years (PBY) is utilized. Meanwhile, due to the presence of uncertainty resources, fuzzy clustering method (FCM) is developed to catch the intermittency of the problem. The proposed framework is implemented on a real 81 bus distribution test system in Iran. Moreover, the existing scheme in Iran and also a modified plan are investigated to make cost‐effective decisions. Finally, sensitivity analysis is performed to reach a more beneficial result. Obtained results demonstrated how distribution companies can utilize the potential of residential customers in long‐term planning.
Power supply circuit model and sliding mode control of supercritical unit boiler system commissioning
Authors: Ye Zhenqi , Lin Maosheng , Wei Lai
Published: March 2023

In the process of power control and commissioning of supercritical unit boiler system, there are some problems such as large steady‐state error and slow response speed. In order to optimize the control performance of supercritical unit boiler system, the power supply loop model and sliding mode control method of supercritical unit boiler system debugging power supply are proposed. Firstly, the power supply circuit model is established according to the data of voltage doubling rectifier circuit, inverter circuit, high frequency transformer and LC resonant circuit. Secondly, the capacitance voltage value and the inductance current value are calculated in the power supply circuit model. Finally, based on the numerical results, a terminal sliding mode controller and a linear sliding mode controller are established to complete the double closed‐loop terminal sliding mode control and realize the power control of the debugging power supply. The experimental results show that when the input voltage is 50 V and the current is 14 V, the input voltage and current waveforms remain stable. When the input voltage is between 40 and 50 V, the change of switching frequency is small, only increasing from 22 to 26 kHz. The steady state of the power supply is high, and when the input voltage increases, the DC offset is 21.2. The convergence time in the calculation process is less than 200 ms. The instantaneous change of inductance is 0.7 A. The steady‐state error is less than 0.005 V. The output voltage distortion rate is less than 4%. It is proved that this method has strong control performance in the supercritical unit boiler system.
First steps towards mass rearing of European smelt (Osmerus eperlanus, L.) using conventional hatchery equipment
Authors: Reiser Stefan , Michels Timo , Illing Björn
Published: March 2023

Anadromous European smelt (Osmerus eperlanus) is a keystone species in lake and river ecosystems. In the past and present, stock declines in several of its habitats have been reported. The reasons for this are unclear. Experimental research on the early life stages could help to reveal the potential causes. For this purpose, knowledge on artificial propagation and rearing of early life stages is needed. Following from previous work, we show how to scale up and mass rear European smelt using conventional hatchery equipment and present a simplified protocol for first feeding. Smelt eggs, after egg adhesiveness is removed, can be incubated in standard hatchery equipment commonly used in aquaculture. Incubation in McDonald-type jars shows even improved results when settling of floating eggs is prevented. Next to avoiding egg loss this simultaneously reduces labor for daily care. First feeding of larval smelt can be achieved with decapsulated artemia cysts, eliminating the need for the labor-intensive green water production. Using the protocol presented, larvae of different stages can be produced in large quantities allowing further experimental studies.
Differentiation of three sheep breeds which have a genetic relationship by body sizes
Authors: Handiwirawan Eko , Tiesnamurti Bess , Inounu Ismeth
Published: March 2023

Sumatera Composite (SC) sheep and Barbados Black Belly cross (BC) sheep are two sheep that have half the genetics of Sumatera local (SL) sheep. Populations with partially the same genetic composition are sometimes difficult to distinguish. Based on female body size sheep, an analysis was carried out to distinguish the three breed sheep that have genetic relationship. The research was conducted using SC, BC and SL ewe measured in body weight and 8 body sizes. Analysis of variance and canonical discriminant analysis, Mahalanobis distance, plotting canonical and dendogram were performed by SAS software ver. 9.0. Body weight and all body sizes of SC and BC sheep were significantly different from SL sheep. Canonical discriminant analysis successfully could differentiate among the three sheep breeds that have genetic relationship. The results of genetic distance estimation showed that SC sheep had genetic closeness to BC sheep compared to SL sheep. The size of the skull length, body weight and chest girth were the breed differentiation variable in this study.
Sweet corn growth, yield, and lignocellulose decomposition on Excelzyme-treated Histosol
Authors: Prawito P. , Handayani M. , Herman W. , Puspaningsih N.N.T.
Published: March 2023

Histosol is a sub-optimal soil containing high lignocellulose resulting in its lower decomposition rate. To improve Histosol decomposition, the application of Excelzyme was used. The purposes of this study were (1) to determine the decomposition rate of lignocellulose of histosol treated with Excelzyme; and (2) to determine the best dosage of Excelzyme for the growth and yield of sweet corn. The study has been conducted at the University of Bengkulu Research Station, from July to November 2021. This experiment was designed in randomized completely block design, involving dosages of Excelzyme i.e. E0 = 0 ml plot-1; E1 = 1,000 ml plot-1; E2 = 1,500 ml plot-1; and E3 = 2,000 ml plot-1. The plot size was 2 m x 3 m, and all treatments were repeated 3 times. Results of the study showed that Excelzyme application affects the rate of histosol decomposition showed by decreasing lignin, cellulose, and hemicellulose compared with the untreated Histosol. The best dosage of Excelzyme was 2.000 ml plot-1 that decrease lignin, cellulose, and hemicellulose content by 32.69 %, 24,43 %, and 5.80 % in the upper 0 – 15 cm respectively compared to the untreated Histosol. While in the 15 – 30 cm depth, lignin, cellulose, and hemicellulose decrease by 25,92 %, 21.11 %, and 7.05 % respectively, compared with the untreated histosol. The application of Excelzyme of various dosages was not significantly affecting soil pH at both depths as well as sweet corn growth and yield.
Descriminant analysis of flowers, leaves, stems of combretum indicum varr.M and Varr.B with UV-vis spectrophotometric chemometric method
Authors: Hadi Samsul , Khairunnisa Amalia , Nastiti Kunti
Published: March 2023

Combertum indicum has two varieties, namely varr.M and Varr.B., so to maintain the truth of the sample it is necessary to discriminate. The way to distinguish these two varieties can use the UV-vis spectrophotometric approach. The method used in chemometrics uses five sampling districts, namely Banjarmasin, Banjarbaru, Banjar, Tanah Laut, Tanah Spice, the equipment used is spectrophotometry UV-vis. Data analysis uses descriptive analysis. The results of the identification of flower performance index obtained are 88.9; Leave identification 92.2; stem identification 86.8. In conclusion, the combination chemometric UV-vis spectrophotometry succeeded in differentiating combertum indicum varr.M and Varr.B.
A study of human capital on institutional system of horticultural agribusiness
Authors: Akbar Akbar , Salam M. , Arsyad M. , Rahmadanih Rahmadanih
Published: March 2023

Agricultural institutions are one of the supporting factors in the development of horticultural agribusiness. Various previous scientific studies explain that good human capital will have implications for strengthening agribusiness institutions. The primary objective of this study is to examine the characteristics of human capital in the horticultural agribusiness institutional system. In this study, there were 5 (five) parameters of human capital were measured: individual capability, individual motivation, leadership, the organizational climate, and workgroup effectiveness. The five parameters reflect the characteristics of human capital, which are related to the institutional system. This research was conducted in Bantaeng Regency with 120 sample respondents, which were selected at simple randomness. Then, the collected data were processed and analyzed using a Likert scale and descriptive statistics. Each parameter that is measured is assigned a value and category of assessment. The scores and categories used were with a score range of 3.67-5.00 (good), 2.34-3.66 (fairly good), and 1.00-2.33 (poor). The results of the study indicated that, in general, the characteristics and quality of the human capital of farmers who manage horticultural agribusiness institutions were in “fairly good” category. This is indicated by the average score of the parameters measured, namely for the individual capability at 3.60, the individual motivation at 3.14, the leadership at 3.38, the organizational climate at 3.63, and the workgroup effectiveness at 3.30. Based on these research results, it can be concluded that the farmers, as the main actors in the cultivation and development of horticultural crops in the research location, had good skills in managing the institutional system as part of the supporting factors for the development of horticultural agribusiness.
Identifying key factors to improve productivity and reduce environmental impact of potato farms in West Java, Indonesia
Authors: Gunadi Nikardi , Pronk Annette
Published: March 2023

Potato (Solanum tuberosum L.) production in Indonesia has increased significantly in recent years, with a total annual production of 1.3 million tons. Although the acreage of potatoes is increasing relatively, the productivity of potatoes remains stagnant and is relatively low, around 16-17 tons per ha. A series of studies with the objective to identify key factors associated with potato cultivation and to evaluate of existing farmers’ practices were carried out in the main potato-producing areas i.e. Pangalengan and Garut, West Java during five consecutive production seasons starting from the dry season of 2013 to the dry season of 2015. In each sub-district, ten potato farmers growing cv. Granola and/or Atlantic were selected resulting in 40 participating farmers. A substantial variation of the observed yields was found for both varieties and regions, mainly due to seed quality. The supply of nitrogen (N) and phosphate (P2O5) from organic and chemical fertilizers of 400 kg N and 581 kg P2O5/ha outreached results of local experiments in obtaining optimal yields. Farmers applied much more active ingredient (AI) per spray, up to 6 times and used more than 500 l of water per spray to control late blight, while experiments showed the spray volume can be reduced by 10-20% without loss of efficacy. The key factors identified in this study to stimulate potato development and productivity and reduce environmental impact in the areas were seed potato quality, fertilizer use efficiency and late blight control.
Development prospects of Indonesia's biodiesel industry: A study of raw material, market, and policy aspects
Authors: Yanita Mirawati , Alamsyah Zulkifli , Fauzia Gina , Hamid Ernawati , Napitupulu Dompak
Published: March 2023

Biodiesel is a fuel substitute for diesel which is considered more environmentally friendly because the raw materials used come from a mixture of palm vegetable oil, increasing production. The emergence of black palm oil campaigns in several importing countries has encouraged the urgency of biodiesel development in Indonesia. This study aims to; photograph the development of the Indonesian biodiesel industry and describe the development prospects of the Indonesian biodiesel industry in terms of raw materials, markets and policies. This research method uses descriptive analysis to examine the chances of developing the Indonesian biodiesel industry regarding raw materials, markets, and policies. The results showed that; the development of the Indonesian biodiesel industry continues to increase when viewed from the aspects of increasingly large raw materials, promising markets, and policies. It will continue to be studied and updated by the Indonesian government, so it is hoped that this biodiesel can significantly replace imported diesel and absorb Indonesian palm oil. The biodiesel industry in Indonesia has an extensive prospect to continue after implementing the B-30, which was first implemented in 2020. It can be achieved by paying attention to the available raw materials used in the biodiesel industry.
Distribution of a local variety of national leading commodities
Authors: Tan Siti Sehat , Hastuti Catur Oktivian Indri , Indrawanto Chandra , Amisnaipa Amisnaipa
Published: March 2023

While wild relatives and introduced varieties can be employed as parents for pest and disease resistance, local variations play a significant role as adaptive parents in site-specific conditions. Local variations continue to disappear as a result of population growth encouraging the transfer of productive agricultural land to marginal land. Thus, the goal of this article is to create a distribution map of the local variants of superior goods that have spread across Indonesia and have become of national superiority. Using the field observation method to several chosen regions for local variety identification the observation site is an agro-ecological region where locals have long produced and grown many plant kinds. Each person in charge of a province's genetic resources receives a form as part of the data collection technique, which is then used to tabulate the results after conducting a qualitative analysis. The study's findings demonstrate that potential local products with the potential to become superior national products are widely distributed throughout Indonesian provinces and have characteristics that allow them to thrive in a range of topographic conditions, from highlands to lowlands, making it possible for them to be developed throughout Indonesia.
Factors affecting the income of paddy field farm management in Kerinci Regency, Jambi Province
Authors: Suandi Suandi , Ernawati Ernawati , Wahyuni I.
Published: March 2023

The productivity of paddy field farming during the last five years has decreased so that it has an impact on farmers' revenue. The purpose of this study was to analyze the level of income and feasibility of paddy field farming and the factors that affect the income of paddy field farming. The research was conducted in Kerinci Regency, Jambi Province, for eight calendar months. Research data is sourced from primary data and secondary data. Primary data were collected through structured interviews using instruments or questionnaires to all respondents. Respondents or farmer units of analysis were taken by random sampling with 225 respondents. The research data were analyzed by descriptive and statistical tests using the Multiple Regression Test tool. The results showed that the average income of paddy field farming in the study area was Rp. 8.646.552,00 per growing season with an R/C ratio > 1 (3.9). Farmers' income is influenced by land area and the number of workers. In contrast, the age of farmers, number of family members, farming experience, and capital do not show a significant effect.
The performance of Talang Ilo farmers' group in rice farming
Authors: Utama Satria Putra , Reswita Reswita , Mardiyanti Tika
Published: March 2023

Three function variables of farmer groups were used to measure the performance of the Talang Ilo farmer group in paddy rice farming: teaching and learning classes; cooperation vehicles; and lowland rice production units. The purpose of this research is to know the function of farmer groups as a whole; as well as evaluate the performance of farmer group functions. The population in this study were all members of the Talang Ilo farmer group of 30 farmers. Respondents were determined using the census method. The performance level of farmer groups was measured using the Guttman Scale and analyzed descriptively. The results showed that the task of the Talang Ilo farmer group was not following its function. The results for the Talang Ilo farmer group performance category were not good. Of the three indicators to measure the performance of farmer groups: a class of learning, and production units are included in the low category, and cooperation indicators are included in the high category.
Inventorying medicinal orchid in Indonesia from global database
Authors: Wati R.K. , Astuti I.P. , Cahyaningsih R.
Published: March 2023

The global database plays an important role in preserving vital data and information that aids in the conservation and sustainable use of organisms, including plant species. Many data related to Orchidaceae as one of the largest families of flowering plant species are stored in global databases. An inventory study was done on the medicinal orchid species distributed in Indonesia from several global databases. This study aimed to acquire data from several global databases (i.e., POWO, MPNS, and IUCN REDLIST) related to what and where species are distributed in Indonesia, which species have medicinal records, and other information supporting conservation and sustainable use. The result showed six thousand orchid species with 200 genera in Indonesia. Bulbophyllum, Dendrobium, and Crepidium are the top five biggest genera. More than five thousand orchid species are endemic and distributed mainly in Papua, Kalimantan, and Jawa. About 130 orchid species have medicinal use; 115 orchid species are documented as medicinal plants worldwide, including 39 species recorded in Indonesia. IUCN Redlist has assessed 430 species, with 87 species included in IUCN Redlist species; one medicinal species listed as endangered species (Vanilla planifolia Andrews); and five species assessed as least concerned species. These findings could be important as a foundation for future conservation and sustainable use studies, not only in Indonesia but also in the world.
The effectiveness of Arbuscula Mycorrhyza Fungi stater with different fortification in increasing the productivity of Clitoria ternatea on saline soil
Authors: Rizki Agam , Prihantoro Iwan , Karti P. D. M. H.
Published: March 2023

Saline soil has a high salt content and low productivity, so it is rarely used as agricultural land or forage land for animal feed. Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungi (AMF) is a soil fungus that can help plants absorb water and nutrients so that it can help increase plant growth and productivity. This study aimed to evaluate the effectiveness of AMF in increasing the productivity of Clitoria ternatea on saline soil. The research used a completely randomized design (CRD) with a factorial pattern of 5 x 3 with 8 replications. The results showed that the interaction effect of AMF treatment and saline soil was significant (P<0.05) for all variables. This study concluded that saline soil increased the proline content of Clitoria ternatea leaves, and reduced the amount of leaf chlorophyll. AMF could help Clitoria ternatea to overcome saline stress and reduce the use of fertilizer doses by 50%. The addition of AMF increased the total vertical length gain, canopy dry weight, percentage of root colonization, and root dry weight. The type of AMF product IPB 2 gave the best results.
Effect of antagonistic bacteria and its formulation to control fusarium wilt disease on shallot
Authors: Suryadi Y. , Susilowati D.N. , Samudra I.M. , Akhdiya A. , Kosasih J. , Aminah S.
Published: March 2023

Biocontrol of pathogenic fungi using antagonistic bacteria isolated from the soil (rhizosphere) is expected to suppress plant diseases to obtain good quality of yield, and thus support sustainable agriculture. The study aimed to formulate and scale up the production of rhizosphere-based bacterial biopesticides that effective in suppressing the onset of Fusarium wilt disease caused by Fusarium oxysporum f.sp. cepae on shallot. The experiment to evaluate the effectiveness of biocontrol agents against Fusarium wilt disease was carried out employing shallot cv. ‘bima curut’ in the field (Patrol-Indramayu,West Java), from May to August 2018 growing season. The experimental plot of 1.20 m x 18 m, was prepared using plant spacing of 15 × 10 cm. The solid formulation of kaolin-based bacteria (containing bacterial cells of 109 CFU/mL) was applied with variation of four concentrations range from 0.3125 to 2.5 mL/L. The experiment was arranged in randomized block design with four replications. Shallot beginning at 30 days old-plant was sprayed three times at one-week intervals. The results showed that the disease intensity was significantly lower than in control. Under natural infection, the spraying application of a bacterial isolate (DSB2) using kaolin formulation (107 CFU/mL) with a formula concentration of 1.25 mL/L could reduce the disease intensity. Tuber yield of formula treatments was significantly higher than that of control. Thus, the use of bacterial formula as environmental-friendly biocontrol agent in this study might be further recommended in controlling Fusarium wilt disease on shallots.
Potency of Bacillus thuringiensis in liquid formulation as a biological agent in controlling larvae of Oryctes rhinoceros (Coleoptera:Scarabaeidae)
Authors: Pujiastuti Yulia , Suparman SHK , Umayah Abu
Published: March 2023

Propagation of B. thuringiensis in agricultural liquid waste media can be done because the waste still contains nutritional components which contain carbon and nitrogen. The aim of research was to study B. thuringiensis in a liquid formulation with high toxicity against Oryctes larvae. Parameters of observation were spore density, larval mortality and symptoms of both infection or death larvae. Experimental was designed as a completely randomized design with 6 treatments and 4 replications. Oryctes larvae used were 3rd-instar. The treatments were 1). Tofu liquid waste; 2) Tofu Liquid Waste + Bio-urine (1:2); 3) Tofu Liquid Waste + Bio-urine (1:1); 4) Tofu Liquid Waste + Bio-urine (2:1); 5) Bio-urine and 6) NB media (as control). The results showed the highest spore density was found in tofu liquid waste propagation media and biourine (1:2). The highest larval mortality was shown in treatment of Tofu Liquid Waste + Bio-urine (1:2), which was 91.67%. Observations on the symptoms of infection and death in tested larvae were indicated by changes in color of integument and fragility of the larva's body. Bio-insecticide with active ingredient of B. thuringiensis in liquid formulation has potency to be used as biological agent for controlling O. rhinoceros larvae.
Orthopäden und Internisten – Hand in Hand
Authors: Lembeck Burkhard , Betsch Kathrin , Bellm Michaela
Published: March 2023

Die gesamte Versorgung chronisch-entzündlich-rheumatischer Systemerkrankungen sollte multidisziplinär ausgelegt sein, durch Einbindung von Haus- und Fachärzten1 sowie dem Patienten selbst und dessen Umfeld. Um diese verbesserte Versorgung anbieten zu können bedarf es deutlich mehr, als die Regelversorgung zu bieten hat. Baden-Württemberg hat die vielen Missstände des Systems erkannt und daher die Haus- und Facharztverträge ins Leben gerufen. Dazu hat der BVOU gemeinsam mit den Rheumaexperten BW eG sowie dem Berufsverband Deutscher Rheumatologen (BDRh) lange mit den Krankenkassen verhandelt, um den Vertrag zur Versorgung in den Fachgebieten Orthopädie und Rheumatologie zu entwickeln. Mittlerweile kann auf über 9 Jahre Versorgung im Fachgebiet Orthopädie und Unfallchirurgie und auf über 5 Jahre im Fachgebiet internistische Rheumatologie mit positiven Versorgungsergebnissen sowie zufriedenen Patienten und Ärzten zurückgeblickt werden. Neben keinerlei Fallzahl- und Mengenbegrenzungen werden umfassende Patientenberatungen sowie der Zugang zu modernster qualitätsgesicherter Diagnostik und Therapie entsprechend vergütet; all dies macht die verbesserte ganzheitliche Versorgung überhaupt erst möglich. Der Gesetzgeber sieht bisweilen noch keine Verpflichtung für solche besonderen Versorgungsformen wie die der Facharztverträge. Gemeinsam wird sich aber auf berufspolitischer Ebene weiter dafür eingesetzt.
Delegation in der Rheumatologie: Aktueller Stand und Perspektiven
Authors: Hoeper Juliana Rachel , Schuch Florian , Hoeper Kirsten
Published: March 2023

Die rheumatologische Versorgung ist großen Herausforderungen ausgesetzt. Es stehen immer wirksamere Behandlungsmöglichkeiten zur Verfügung. Dem gegenüber steht jedoch eine Unterversorgung, die durch Mangel an Rheumatolog*innen, einer regionalen Ungleichheit und einer Fehlallokation ärztlicher Ressourcen hervorgerufen wird. Dies führt zu einer verspäteten Diagnosestellung und somit zu einem verspäteten Behandlungsbeginn. Seit einiger Zeit wird diskutiert, ob durch die Einbindung von qualifiziertem nichtärztlichem Personal Ressourcen effizienter genutzt werden können. Mittlerweile bestätigen Studien in Deutschland, dass die Delegation ärztlicher Leistung dazu beiträgt, der vorliegenden Unterversorgung ohne Qualitätsverlust zu begegnen. Um eine Implementierung in den Versorgungsalltag zu erreichen, müssen allerdings mehrere Aspekte in Betracht gezogen werden. Wesentliche Punkte sind hier, neben dem wissenschaftlichen Nachweis, die rechtlichen Rahmenbedingungen, Qualifikation des nichtärztlichen Personals sowie eine Finanzierung. Der vorliegende Beitrag gibt einen Überblick über den aktuellen Stand der Delegation ärztlicher Aufgaben in der Rheumatologie in Deutschland mit dem Ziel, die Chancen der Delegation aufzuzeigen.
Die Analyse-Synthese von C. M. Boger – Teil 1: Anleitung mit
zwei Kasuistiken
Authors: Tils Christoph
Published: March 2023

C. M. Boger entwickelte eine Arbeitsweise aus einer einzigartigen großen
Synthese. Sie mündete in 2 sehr kondensierte Werke: den
„Synoptic Key“ und das nur 27 Seiten umfassende „General
Analysis“ (GA). Eng verbunden mit ihrer Herstellung und Anwendung ist
das universale Werkzeug der „Charakteristik“. Sie reicht von
Hahnemann, weiterentwickelt und stringent fortgeführt von
Bönninghausen und G. H. G. Jahr bis zu Bogers Synthese. Boger entdeckte
die größere Bedeutung der universellen „Allgemeinen
Charakteristika“, die nur aus Teilsymptomen bestehen. Anhand von 2
Kasuistiken wird gezeigt, wie man mit diesen 2 kompakten Boger-Werken auch mit
Lochkartei sehr effektiv arbeiten kann. Die vielseitigen „Allgemeinen
Charakteristika“ ermöglichen die Kombination mit weiteren
effektiven Praxis-Tools.
Wenn der Zweifel zum Zwang wird
Authors: Gaebel Wolfgang
Published: March 2023

Die vorliegende dritte Ausgabe 03/23 der Fortschritte der Neurologie
Psychiatrie behandelt u. a. eine Thematik, die in der Akzeptanz
sowie Weiterentwicklung von Diagnostik und Therapie in der Medizin, aber auch in der
alltäglichen Entscheidungssituation von „entscheidender“
Bedeutung ist – der Fähigkeit zum Zweifel. Karl Jaspers (1965)
spricht hier in Abgrenzung pathologischer Zwangsphänomene von einem
„besonnenen Abwägen der Gründe, das zu Unentschiedenheit
führt, die als ein psychologisch einheitliches Urteil erlebt wird“
1. Kritische Rationalität, das
Prüfen und Abwägen mit sind Voraussetzung von Entscheidungen im
Alltag, deren Richtigkeit sich – intuitiv oder systematisch getroffen
– in der Praxis sehr schnell erweisen kann. In der wissenschaftlichen
Medizin ist dieses Verfahren in der evidenzbasierten Medizin zur aufwendigen
wissenschaftlichen Subdisziplin entwickelt, die mittels systematischer
Literaturrecherche, -auswertung und Konsensfindung sowie geprüfter
Empfehlungen zur Bewertung und zum Einsatz möglichst treffgenau wirksamer
und nebenwirkungsarmer neuer Therapieverfahren, Versorgungsmöglichkeiten
oder anderer Innovationen mit entsprechenden „Leitlinien“
beiträgt.
Fecal Occult Blood Screening before Cardiac Surgery
Authors: Takami Yoshiyuki , Maekawa Atsuo , Yamana Koji , Akita Kiyotoshi , Amano Kentaro , Sakurai Yusuke , Takagi Yasushi
Published: March 2023

Background Concerns of gastrointestinal (GI) bleeding after cardiac surgery are increasing with increased use of antiplatelets and anticoagulants. We investigated the roles of preoperative screening for fecal occult blood by fecal immunochemical test (FIT) widely used to detect GI bleeding and cancer.

Methods A retrospective review was done in 1,663 consecutive patients undergoing FIT before cardiac surgery between years 2012 and 2020. One or two rounds of FIT were performed 2 to 3 weeks before surgery, when antiplatelets and anticoagulants were not suspended yet.

Results Positive FIT (> 30 μg of hemoglobin/g of feces) was observed in 227 patients (13.7%). Preoperative risk factors for positive FIT included age > 70 years, anticoagulants, and chronic kidney disease. Of those with positive FIT, 180 patients (79%) received preoperative endoscopy, including gastroscopy (n = 139), colonoscopy (n = 9), and both (n = 32), with no findings of bleeding. The most common finding of gastroscopy was atrophic gastritis (36%) while early gastric cancer was detected in 2 patients. The most common finding of colonoscopy was colon polyps (42%) while colorectal cancer was detected in 5 patients. Of 180 FIT-positive patients receiving endoscopy, 8 (4.4%) underwent preoperative GI treatment, while postoperative GI events were documented in 28 (15.6%). Of 1,436 with negative FIT, 21 (1.5%) presented GI complications after surgery.

Conclusion Preoperative FIT, which is influenced by anticoagulant use, has little impacts on identification of GI bleeding sites. However, it may be useful to detect GI malignant lesions, potentially impacting operative risks, surgical strategies, and postoperative management.
Silver-Catalyzed Synthesis of Nitriles from Carboxylic Acids and Cyanamides
Authors: Zhang Jing , Li Mingsheng , Zi Lingjian , Chen Xinqaing
Published: March 2023

A concise and practical silver-catalyzed nitrogen-atom-transfer protocol was developed to access versatile nitriles from ubiquitous carboxylic acids with N-cyano-N-phenyl-p-toluenesulfonamide. This protocol complements the established carboxylic acids-to-nitriles conversion methods, which suffer from laborious steps, high temperatures (≥200 °C), or limited substrate scopes. This approach operates broadly across diverse aryl, alkenyl, and primary-, secondary-, or tertiary-alkyl carboxylic acids.
Green Stereoselective Synthesis and In Silico Anticancer Evaluation of Tetrahydro-β-carboline-Derived Spiro Heterocycles
Authors: Deepthi Ani , Mohan Maneesh , Eldhose Susan P. , Sudheendranath Athul , G. Jayasree E.
Published: March 2023

A green stereoselective synthesis of spiroheterocycles incorporating a spirooxindole and a 1,2,3,4-tetrahydro-β-carboline (THβC) are demonstrated here by the one-pot, three-component reaction of THβC, isatins, and chalcones. Operational simplicity and chromatography-free isolation are the highlights of the reaction which resulted in densely substituted spiroheterocycles with four-contiguous stereocenters in excellent yields. The activity of the compounds as anticancer agents was studied in silico against MDM2 and PLK1 target proteins and they show excellent binding interactions compared to reference drugs.
Impact of pharmacogenetics on aspirin resistance: a systematic review
Authors: Silva Gustavo Figueiredo da , Lopes Bruno Mattei , Moser Vinicius , Ferreira Leslie Ecker
Published: March 2023

Background Pharmacogenetics promises better control of diseases such as cardiovascular disease (CVD). Acetylsalicylic acid, aspirin, prevents the formation of an activating agent of platelet aggregation and vasoconstriction, and it is used to prevent CVD. Nevertheless, patients may have treatment failure due to genetic variants that modify the metabolism of the drug causing aspirin resistance (AR).

Objectives To realize a systematic literature review to determine the impact of genetic variants on AR.

Methods Articles published in the MEDLINE/PubMed, Cochrane, Scopus, LILACS, and SCIELO databases were systematically screened. A total of 290 articles were identified and 269 articles were excluded because they did not comply with the previously established inclusion criteria. A total of 20 case-control studies and 1 cohort was included.

Results The genetic variants rs1126643 (ITGA2), rs3842787 (PTGS1), rs20417 (PTGS2), and rs5918 (ITGB3) were the most studied. As for relevance, of the 64 genetic variants evaluated by the articles, 14 had statistical significance (p < 0.05; 95% confidence interval [CI]) in at least one article. Among them, the following have had unanimous results: rs1371097 (P2RY1), rs1045642 (MDR1), rs1051931 and rs7756935 (PLA2G7), rs2071746 (HO1), rs1131882 and rs4523 (TBXA2R), rs434473 (ALOX12), rs9315042 (ALOX5AP), and rs662 (PON1), while these differ in real interference in AR: rs5918 (ITGB3), rs2243093 (GP1BA), rs1330344 (PTGS1), and rs20417 (PTGS2). As study limitations, we highlight the nonuniform methodologies of the analyzed articles and population differences.

Conclusion It is noteworthy that pharmacogenetics is an expanding area. Therefore, further studies are needed to better understand the association between genetic variants and AR.
The clinical-radiological paradox in multiple sclerosis: myth or truth?
Authors: Hartmann Ana , Noro Fabio , Bahia Paulo Roberto Valle , Fontes-Dantas Fabricia Lima , Andreiuolo Rodrigo Ferrone , Lopes Fernanda Cristina Rueda , Pereira Valeria Coelho Santa Rita , Coutinho Renan Amaral , Araujo Amanda Dutra de , Marchiori Edson , Alves-Leon Soniza Vieira
Published: March 2023

Background Multiple sclerosis (MS) is an inflammatory, degenerative, demyelinating disease that ranges from benign to rapidly progressive forms. A striking characteristic of the disease is the clinical-radiological paradox.

Objectives The present study was conducted to determine whether, in our cohort, the clinical-radiological paradox exists and whether lesion location is related to clinical disability in patients with MS.

Methods Retrospective data from 95 patients with MS (60 women and 35 men) treated at a single center were examined. One head-and-spine magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) examination from each patient was selected randomly, and two independent observers calculated lesion loads (LLs) on T2/fluid attenuation inversion recovery sequences manually, considering the whole brain and four separate regions (periventricular, juxtacortical, posterior fossa, and spinal cord). The LLs were compared with the degree of disability, measured by the Kurtzke Expanded Disability Status Scale (EDSS), at the time of MRI examination in the whole cohort and in patients with relapsing-remitting (RR), primarily progressive, and secondarily progressive MS.

Results High LLs correlated with high EDSS scores in the whole cohort (r = 0.34; p < 0.01) and in the RRMS group (r = 0.27; p = 0.02). The EDSS score correlated with high regional LLs in the posterior fossa (r = 0.31; p = 0.002) and spinal cord (r = 0.35; p = 0.001).

Conclusions Our results indicate that the clinical-radiological paradox is a myth and support the logical connection between lesion location and neurological repercussion.
A systematic review of the epidemiology of epilepsy in Mexico during 1970 to 2020
Authors: Pesqueira Gerardo Quiñones , San-Juan Daniel , Albarrán Rosana Huerta , Vazquez Maximo Leon , Canales Gerardo Quiñones , Pesqueira Jorge Gonzalez
Published: March 2023

Background Epilepsy is the most common major neurological disorder that affects people of all ages. The prevalence varies from one country to another and even between different areas, due to a lack of access to medical care for reasons related to limited resources.

Objective Epilepsy is a worldwide public health problem that affects more deeply populations living in developing countries such as Mexico, where more aggressive health policies based on epidemiological data are needed; however, this information is scarce and the evolution of this data over time remains unclear. The aim of the present study is to provide an overview of the epidemiology of epilepsy in Mexico from 1970 to 2020.

Methods We searched descriptive epidemiological studies on epilepsy in rural and urban regions of Mexico from 1970 to 2020. Available data on the sociodemographic characteristics, prevalence, and incidence data were extracted. Finally, the abstract, full-text review, and data abstraction were conducted in duplicate and reported using the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) guidelines. Descriptive statistics was also used.

Results Overall, 11 underrepresented and heterogeneous epidemiological studies were included. In total, the prevalence of epilepsy in Mexico is 3.9 to 41:1,000 inhabitants; 3.9 to 41 per 1,000 persons in rural regions, and 3.49 to 44.3 per 1,000 persons in urban regions. None of these studies addressed the incidence of epilepsy. The prevalence of epilepsy in Mexico has remained unchanged during the last 5 decades.

Conclusions Our results confirm a high prevalence of epilepsy in both urban and rural settings in Mexico that remain unchanged during the last 5 decades. All studies included in the present review showed multiple methodological limitations. New and robust epidemiological studies are needed to delineate the epidemiological profile of epilepsy in Mexico.
Cultural adaptation and reliability assessment of the Hammersmith neonatal neurological examination for Brazilian newborns at risk of cerebral palsy
Authors: Correr Mayara Thais , Pfeifer Luzia Iara
Published: March 2023

Background Reliable instruments that lead to early diagnosis for CP are extremely important so that these children are referred for early stimulation, benefiting their development.

Objective To perform a cross-cultural adaptation and reliability assessment of a Brazilian version of the Hammersmith Neonatal Neurological Examination (HNNE), expanded and summarized.

Methods A methodological, cross-sectional, nonexperimental quantitative analysis was conducted in two phases as follows: cultural adaptation of the HNNE, expanded and summarized, and reliability assessment of the Brazilian version of the HNNE. Phase one was developed in five stages (initial translation, synthesis of the translation, a committee of experts, backtranslation, and submission to the author), with the semantic questions, content, and face validity being evaluated. Phase two included 143 newborns and we analyzed the internal consistency, stability, and equivalence (intra- and interexaminer) of the instrument. Internal consistency was calculated using Cronbach's alpha, and intra- and interexaminer reliability and reproducibility assessed through test-retest were calculated using the intraclass correlation coefficient

Results Although internal consistency, assessed using Cronbach's alpha, showed unsatisfactory results, the results of inter-and intraexaminer equivalence showed a high agreement between the evaluations in all domains. The test-retest also showed excellent agreement between the domains.

Conclusions The Brazilian HNNE expanded and summarized versions can be considered to be adapted and reliable for the neurological assessment of Brazilian newborns to identify changes in neurological development and early referral to the stimulation or early rehabilitation units and as a promising option to be used in the context of primary care in Brazil.
The Rise and Fall of Aural Acoustic Immittance Assessment Tools
Authors: Shahnaz Navid , AlMakadma Hammam , Sanford Chris A.
Published: March 2023

Clinical assessment of middle ear function has undergone multiple transformations and developments since the first acoustic impedance measurements were made in human ears nearly a century ago. The decades following the development of the first acoustic impedance bridge by Metz in 1946 witnessed a series of technological advancements leading to the widespread use of single-frequency admittance tympanometry in the 1960s. In the 1970s, multi-frequency and multi-component tympanometry (MFT) emerged for clinical use, allowing for a better understanding of the middle ear acoustic-mechanical response at frequencies between 200 and 2,000 Hz. MFT has not gained widespread clinical adoption despite its advantages over single-frequency tympanometry. More recent technological developments enabled assessment for frequencies greater than 2,000 Hz, leading to the advent of wideband acoustic immittance measures with capabilities for comprehensive assessment of middle ear acoustic mechanics, and a great potential for use of acoustic immittance testing in various diagnostic practices. This article reviews important historical markers in the development and operation of middle ear assessment tools and analysis methods. Technical and clinical factors underlying the emergence and adoption of different acoustic immittance tests as a standard of clinical practice are described. In addition, we discuss the likelihood for widespread adoption of wideband acoustic immittance and wideband tympanometry in future clinical practice.
An electromagnetic scattering approach to identifying topological and non-topological unidirectional edge states at gyrotropic plasma interfaces
Authors: Mehrpour Bernety Hossein , Cappelli Mark A.
Published: March 2023

We present an approach to identifying topological edge states in two dimensional (2D) problems. Such scattering-immune surface waves are typically identified using the Berry concept, which evaluates Chern numbers of bulk transmission bands. Instead, here, we approach the task from an analytical electromagnetic scattering perspective, which enables the study of a wide class of configurations in which waves are confined to propagate at the interface between a topologically non-trivial magnetized plasma and a topologically trivial medium such as air. Although it is of theoretical significance to classify interfacial states by their topological invariants, we believe that this approach enables the engagement of a broader range of researchers, particularly experimentalists who seek to design devices that exploit the ensuing non-reciprocal and scattering-immune properties.
Impact of minor hysteresis loops in integrated inductors with ferromagnetic films
Authors: Cuccurullo S. , Maspero F. , Koplak O. , Pavese G. , Albisetti E. , Cantoni M. , Bertacco R.
Published: March 2023

Integration of inductors on silicon chips is becoming more and more relevant for monolithic electronic applications. In this Letter, we investigate the impact of minor hysteresis loops in an integrated inductor with spiral geometry sandwiched between two soft magnetic layers made of MoNiFe/Cr multilayers. Despite high magnetic susceptibility and low coercivity of optimized multilayers, we find that the inductance is strongly dependent on the AC voltage applied to the device, showing a bell-shaped behavior. Comparing the measured inductance with magneto-optical Kerr effect and vibrating sample magnetometry measurements, we show that the low-signal behavior is limited by domain wall pinning/depinning, which determine the effective susceptibility associated with minor hysteresis loops driven by the applied AC voltage.
Flow-induced transition of compound droplet to composite microfiber in a channel with sudden contraction
Authors: Vagner S. A. , Patlazhan S. A.
Published: March 2023

The deformation behavior and hydrodynamic stability of a three-dimensional Newtonian single-core compound droplet during flow in a channel with sudden contraction were studied by numerical modeling. This research was motivated by the quest for conditions of the steady transition of a compound droplet into a composite microfiber, whose core is stretched as much as the shell. With this aim, the dynamics and morphology evolution of the compound droplet were analyzed in detail as functions of capillary number, core-to-shell relative viscosities, interfacial tensions, and the relative initial core radius. It was found that the effective elongation of the core occurs either with a significant increase in the shell viscosity relative to the ambient fluid or with a decrease in the core viscosity with respect to the shell. In this case, as the composite droplet advances into the narrowing zone of the canal, it continues to stretch, becoming a bullet-shaped composite microfiber. A new mechanism of disintegration of the compound droplet was revealed, which is caused by the core destabilizing effect and manifests itself either with an increase in the relative core/shell interfacial tension or the relative core viscosity.
Ultrafast laser-induced magneto-optical response of CoFeB/MgO/CoFeB magnetic tunneling junction
Authors: Ji Bingyu , Jin Zuanming , Wu Guanjie , Li Jugeng , Wan Caihua , Han Xiufeng , Zhang Zongzhi , Ma Guohong , Peng Yan , Zhu Yiming
Published: March 2023

Understanding of ultrafast spin dynamics is crucial for future ultrafast and energy efficient magnetic memory and storage applications. We study the ultrafast laser-induced magneto-optical response of a CoFeB/MgO/CoFeB magnetic tunneling junction (MTJ), when exciting with a short laser pulse, as a function of magnetic configuration and pump fluence. The ultrafast magnetization of the MTJ drops rapidly in the timescale of 0.33–0.37 ps, which is driven by both electron-spin scattering and spin transport mutually. Subsequently, the energy from the electron and spin reservoirs transfers into the lattice with the timescale of 1.5–2.0 and 5.0–15.0 ps through the electron–phonon and spin–phonon interactions, respectively. Our results suggest that the interfacial spin-orientation of CoFeB/MgO/CoFeB could modulate the interaction constant between spins and phonons. These findings provide insight into the role of MTJ interface in spin dynamics, which will be helpful for opto-spintronic tunnel junction stack designs and applications.