bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Grain Yield Performance of Selected Lowland NERICA and Modern Asian Rice Genotypes in West Africa
Authors: Saito K. , Azoma K. , Sié M.
Published: January 2010

Six lowland experiments were conducted over three years in southern Benin to assess yield differences in 28 rice (Oryza spp.) genotypes grown under nonfertilized and fertilized conditions. These included the interspecific hybrids, the lowland New Rice for Africa (NERICA) genotypes developed from crossing O. sativa and O. glaberrima Fertilizer rates were 70–86N: 30–37P2O5: 30–37K2O kg ha−1 Fertilizer application increased average grain yield across all genotypes and experiments by 39% (154 g m−2 increase). Considerable genotypic differences existed in grain yields under both nonfertilized and fertilized conditions, and in yield response to fertilizer application. Two lowland NERICA genotypes (‘NERICA‐L‐6’ and ‘‐54’) outyielded ‘IR 72’ and ‘WITA4’ (standard checks) across nonfertilized and fertilized conditions in four experiments with favorable water availability in wet seasons (651 vs. 575 g m−2). The high grain yields resulted from large spikelet number m−2 and biomass accumulation. In contrast, three indica genotypes from Asia (‘B 6144F‐MR‐6‐0‐0’, ‘IR 70181‐32‐PMI‐1‐1‐5‐1’, and ‘PSBRc 80’) outperformed the checks in two experiments, one straddling wet and dry seasons and the other with no standing water during most of the usual wet rice‐growing season. These results indicate that while specific adaptations are likely to provide significant yield advantage in particular environments, interspecific breeding still offers an effective approach to improving lowland rice productivity.
Agroforestry and Grass Buffer Influences on Macropores Measured by Computed Tomography under Grazed Pasture Systems
Authors: Kumar Sandeep , Anderson Stephen H. , Udawatta Ranjith P.
Published: January 2010

Agroforestry buffers, which include trees, grass, and shrubs, have been proposed for improving water quality in watersheds. The objectives of the study were to compare differences in macropore (>1000‐μm diam.) and coarse mesopore (200–1000‐μm diam.) parameters measured by computed tomography (CT) within agroforestry buffer (AgB) and grass buffer (GB) systems associated with rotationally grazed pasture (RG) and continuously grazed pasture (CG) systems, and to examine relationships between CT‐measured pore parameters and saturated hydraulic conductivity (Ksat). Pasture and GB areas included red clover (Trifolium pratense L.) and Korean lespedeza [Kummerowia stipulacea (Maxim.) Makino] planted into fescue (Festuca arundinacea Schreb.), while AgB included eastern cottonwood trees (Populus deltoides W. Bartram ex Marshall ssp. deltoides) planted into fescue. Soils at the site were Menfro silt loam (fine‐silty, mixed, superactive, mesic Typic Hapludalf). Intact soil cores were collected from the four treatments at five soil depths. Five equally spaced images were acquired from each core and were analyzed with Image‐J software. The CT‐measured soil macroporosity was 13 times higher (0.053 m3 m−3) for the buffer treatments than the pasture treatments (0.004 m3 m−3) for the surface 0‐ to 10‐cm soil depth. Buffer treatments had greater macroporosity (0.02 m3 m−3) than RG (0.005 m3 m−3) or CG (0.004 m3 m−3) treatments. The Ksat values for buffer treatments were five times higher than pasture treatments. Soil bulk density was 5.6% lower for the buffer treatments than the pasture treatments. The CT‐measured pore parameters (except macropore circularity) were positively correlated with Ksat This study illustrates the benefits of agroforestry and grass buffers for maintaining soil pore parameters critical for soil water transport.
Predicting Saturated Hydraulic Conductivity of Golf Course Sands from Particle‐Size Distribution
Authors: Arya Lalit M. , Heitman J.L. , Thapa B.B. , Bowman D.C.
Published: January 2010

This research developed a model of saturated hydraulic conductivity for golf course and athletic field media. The model was developed from saturated flow data in packed sand cores, for which a pore‐size distribution was derived from particle‐size distribution, bulk density, and measured soil water characteristic data. The pores were first assumed to form an idealized structure, consisting of non‐tortuous capillary tubes of uniform shape and size, and the Hagen–Poiseuille flow equation was applied to compute idealized saturated flow. The idealized saturated flows were compared with saturated flows derived from the measured saturated hydraulic conductivity data. Subsequently, an empirical relationship was established between the two in the form: Qt(m) = c + dQt(h–p), where Qt(m) is the saturated flow through the natural‐structure sand cores and Qt(–p) is the saturated flow through the idealized pore structure for the same core. In our study, parameters c and d had values of −1.675 and 0.308, respectively, and the r2 of the regression had a value of 0.871. The model was applied to 14 golf course sands and produced excellent results with minor anomalies.
Health and Wellbeing through Work and Retirement Transitions in Mature Age: Understanding Pre—Post and Retrospective Measures of Change
Authors: Wells Yvonne , De Vaus David , Kendig Hal , Quine Susan
Published: January 2010

The capacity to measure change is essential in examining successful adaptation to ageing. Few studies measuring change have compared findings using pre—post approaches (employing difference scores) with those from retrospective approaches (employing self-ratings). Where this has occurred, differences have been attributed either to ceiling and floor effects or to the operation of social comparison (Choi, 2002, 2003). Our study compared pre—post and retrospective measures of change in health, health behaviors, and wellbeing over periods of 1 and 3 years among retirees. Retrospective measures were found to be more positive than pre—post measures. This discrepancy was associated with floor and ceiling effects and with a robust self-image, but not with recency, social comparison, or social desirability response sets. Pre—post difference scores have limitations as indicators of change, particularly where ceiling effects operate. A retrospective perception of improvement, combined with deterioration in scores, may result from successful psychological adaptation as people grow older.
Cytokine Profiles in Nasal Fluid in Patients with Nasal Polyps: A Flow Cytometric Study
Authors: Perić Aleksandar , Vojvodić Danilo , Radulović Vesna
Published: January 2010

Cytokine Profiles in Nasal Fluid in Patients with Nasal Polyps: A Flow Cytometric Study

Biological markers in nasal fluid provide valuable information on nasal pathophysiology. The aims of this study were to compare the cytokine profiles of nasal fluid in subjects with nasal polyps (NP) and co-morbid asthma and NP patients without asthma and to determine the role of these cytokines in the development of NP. Thirty patients with NP (15 asthmatic and 15 non asthmatic) were included in this prospective study. Nasal secretion samples were collected from nasal cavities of all 30 subjects. The levels of eleven cytokines (TNF-α, TNF-β, IL-1β, IL-2, IL-4, IL-5, IL-6, IL-8, IL-10, IL-12, and IFN-γ) were measured using flow cytometry. The concentrations of Th2 cytokines IL-5, IL-6 and IL-10 were significantly higher in patients with NP and asthma compared with subjects with NP without asthma. We also found significantly higher levels of IFN-α, IL-4, IL-6 and IL-10 in allergic patients with NP and asthma compared with those without asthma. In nonallergic patients with NP and asthma, the concentrations of TNF-α, IL-5 and IL-6 were significantly higher than in nonallergic patients with NP without asthma. Our results show that the presence of Th2 cytokines, especially IL-5 and IL-6 in patients with NP and asthma is a more prominent feature than in those without asthma that relates to the increased eosinophilic inflammation. We have also found a significant influence of allergy on the cytokine profiles both in asthmatic and nonasthmatic patients.
Inhibition of nitric oxide production in lipopolysaccharide-activated RAW 264.7 macrophages by Jeju plant extracts
Authors: Yang Eun-Jin , Yim Eun-Young , Song Gwanpil , Kim Gi-Ok , Hyun Chang-Gu
Published: January 2010

Inhibition of nitric oxide production in lipopolysaccharide-activated RAW 264.7 macrophages by Jeju plant extracts

Nitric oxide (NO) produced in large amounts by inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) is known to be responsible for the vasodilation and hypotension observed during septic shock and inflammation. Thus, inhibitors of iNOS may be useful candidates for the treatment of inflammatory diseases accompanied by the overproduction of NO. In this study, we prepared alcoholic extracts of Jeju plants and screened them for their inhibitory activity against NO production in lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-activated macrophages. Among the 260 kinds of plant extract tested, 122 extracts showed potent inhibitory activity towards NO production by more than 25% at a concentration of 100 μg/mL. Plants such asMalus sieboldii, Vaccinium oldhamii, Corylus hallaisanensis, Carpinus laxiflora, Styrax obassia, andSecurinega suffruticosashowed the most potent inhibition (above 70%) at a concentration of 100 μg/mL. The cytotoxic effects of the plant extracts were determined by colorimetric MTT assays and most plant extracts exhibited only moderate cytotoxicity at 100 μg/mL. Therefore, these plants should be considered promising candidates for the further purification of bioactive compounds and would be useful for the treatment of inflammatory diseases accompanying overproduction of NO.
An Exercise and Education Program Improves Well-Being of New Mothers: A Randomized Controlled Trial
Authors: Norman Emily , Sherburn Margaret , Osborne Richard H. , Galea Mary P.
Published: January 2010

Objective

The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effect of a physical therapy exercise and health care education program on the psychological well-being of new mothers.

Design

This was a randomized controlled trial.

Participants

Primiparous and multiparous English-speaking women ready for discharge from The Angliss Hospital postnatal ward were eligible for this study. Women who were receiving psychiatric care were excluded. One hundred sixty-one women were randomized into the trial.

Intervention

The experimental group (n=62) received an 8-week “Mother and Baby” (M&B) program, including specialized exercise provided by a women's health physical therapist combined with parenting education. The other group (education only [EO], n=73) received only the same educational material as the experimental group.

Main Outcome Measures

Psychological well-being (Positive Affect Balance Scale), depressive symptoms (Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale), and physical activity levels were assessed at baseline, after 8 weeks (post-program), and then 4 weeks later.

Results

There was significant improvement in well-being scores and depressive symptoms of the M&B group compared with the EO group over the study period. More specifically, there was a significant positive effect on well-being scores and depressive symptoms at 8 weeks, and this effect was maintained 4 weeks after completion of the program. The number of women identified as “at risk” for postnatal depression pre-intervention was reduced by 50% by the end of the intervention.

Limitations

Although this study provides promising short-term (4-week) outcomes, further work is needed to explore whether the intervention effects are maintained as sustained psychological and behavioral benefits at 6 months.

Conclusions

A physical therapy exercise and health education program is effective in improving postnatal well-being. Routine use of this program may reduce longer-term problems such as postnatal depression.
College Aspirations and Limitations
Authors: Kiyama Judy Marquez
Published: January 2010

Using a qualitative multiple-case-study design, this study explored how funds of knowledge in Mexican American families contributed to the development of educational ideologies. Findings illustrated the following ways in which families are involved in their children’s education: the formation of both helpful and limiting educational ideologies, which highlighted beliefs regarding college-going processes; college information drawn from social networks and academic symbols found in families’ everyday lives; and the development of college-going realities. Unique to this study is the extension of funds of knowledge beyond traditional K–12 discussions and the incorporation of outreach literature into this framework when studying issues of college access.
The Absence of African-American Men in Higher Education and Veterinary Medicine
Authors: Strayhorn Terrell L.
Published: January 2010

Many studies have consistently indicated that the educational outcomes of Black men and boys are not on par with those of their White and female counterparts. Recent data suggest the same holds true for Black men in veterinary medicine. Drawing on national statistics and findings from an analysis of National Educational Longitudinal Study data, I present several recommendations for future policy and practice that can help combat the absence of Black men in the profession.
Tying Art and Science to Reality for Recruiting Minorities to Veterinary Medicine
Authors: Lowrie Patricia M.
Published: January 2010

The challenge of this message, which is a synopsis of my presentation at the 2009 Iverson Bell Symposium, is to look more holistically and at the how, what, when, and who of our recruitment activities in the context of the realities of managing resources, expectations, and metrics.
Utilizing Filmed Authentic Student–Client Interactions as a Communication Teaching Tool
Authors: Hafen McArthur , Rush Bonnie R. , Nelson Susan C.
Published: January 2010

In the past decade, communication training within veterinary medical training programs has received extensive publicity. Now, training programs are utilizing large-group lecturing, small-group discussions, and simulated client programs to address the need for veterinarians to effectively communicate with their clients. This paper presents a communication training protocol utilized at Kansas State University. The principle focus of this protocol is utilizing filmed student interactions with authentic veterinary medical clients. All veterinary medical students are required to film two interactions with hospital clientele. After each filmed session, students attend feedback sessions where communication strengths and weaknesses are discussed. Specific communication goals are identified for future interactions. A detailed description of the protocol follows, with preliminary impressions from students and instructors noted. As a promising tool for teaching communication skills, future directions for filmed authentic interactions are discussed.
Clinical Significance of the Heterotopic Ossification After Total Hip Arthroplasty
Authors: Kocic Mirjana , Lazovic Milica , Mitkovic Milorad , Djokic Biljana
Published: January 2010

Heterotopic ossification represents one of the most frequent complications following any type of hip arthroplasty. However, disagreement exists regarding the clinical significance of heterotopic ossification after total hip arthroplasty (THA). This study evaluated the effect of different grades of heterotopic ossification on range of hip motion, pain, and the clinical outcome in patients after THA. The study included 198 patients with primary THA because of unilateral hip osteoarthritis, followed for a minimum of 1 year after THA. Diagnosis and classification of heterotopic ossification according to Brooker was achieved on anteroposterior radiograph of the hips 1 year postoperatively. The clinical outcome was assessed at 1-year follow-up with the use of the Harris hip score. Pain was assessed as the pain component of the Harris hip score. Hip range of motion was measured passively in the lying position with a goniometer and recorded in degrees according to the method suggested by the American Academy of Orthopaedic Surgeons 1988. The incidence of heterotopic ossification was 47% and the incidence of severe ossification was 11%. The severe heterotopic ossification significantly reduced clinical outcome, overall range of hip motion and certain components such as flexion, abduction and external rotation, but had no significant effect on pain, while the lower degree of ossification did not significantly influence the clinical outcome, hip motion and pain. This study has shown that only severe heterotopic ossification is of clinical significance.
Arthroscopic Treatment of Localized Synovial Chondromatosis of the Posterior Knee Joint
Authors: Jesalpura Jaimeen P. , Chung Hyun Wook , Patnaik Smarajit , Choi Hyun Woo , Kim Jong In , Nha Kyung Wook
Published: January 2010

Synovial chondromatosis is an uncommon, benign neoplastic process typically affecting adult men and most commonly involving the knee, hip, and elbow joints. Intra-articular primary synovial chondromatosis in the knee joint may be localized or generalized. The symptoms associated with localized synovial chondromatosis may include diffuse pain, swelling, restricted motion, crepitus with symptoms of locking and giving way, and posteromedial tenderness mimicking medial meniscus tear. Diagnosis is usually established with magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and confirmed by histological examination. To our knowledge, synovial chondromatosis of the knee joint in the posteromedial corner has not been reported in the literature.

A 53-year-old woman presented with pain in the posteromedial joint line, mild effusion, and occasional locking. Diagnostic evaluation included radiographs, routine blood investigations, and MRI. Radiographs showed no abnormalities. Magnetic resonance imaging showed a small cystic lesion including multiple calcifications between the posterior horn of the medial meniscus and the posterior capsule. Arthroscopic synovectomy and removal of small loose bodies through the trans-septal portal was performed, which relieved her symptoms completely. Arthroscopy using the posterior trans-septal portal allows for better visualization and access, and might be useful to successfully treat localized synovial chondromatosis within the knee joint.
Teaching Undergraduate Nursing Research: A Comparison of Traditional and Innovative Approaches for Success with Millennial Learners
Authors: McCurry Mary K. , Martins Diane C.
Published: January 2010

Historically, nursing students have questioned the value of a nursing research course and have not appreciated the research-practice link. These are important concerns in light of the increasing emphasis on evidence-based nursing practice. The purpose of this study was to develop innovative strategies for teaching undergraduate nursing research that engage millennial learners and emphasize the relationship between evidence-based practice and clinical outcomes. Innovative assignments were developed that included interactive learning, group work, and practical applications preferred by these learners. Using a Likert scale, students' perceived effectiveness of innovative assignments and more traditional assignments were compared. Results indicated a preference for active learning assignments, reading quizzes, clinical nurse researcher presentations, and collaboration with clinical course assignments. By combining traditional assignments with innovative strategies and nursing practice applications, millennial learners were engaged and able to clearly articulate the value of the research-practice link vital to evidence-based nursing practice.
Anomalous Medial Rectus Muscle Insertion in a Patient With Nonrefractive Comitant Esotropia
Authors: Choi Jun Ho , Park Chang Hyun , Kim So Young
Published: January 2010

An 8-year-old girl with nonrefractive comitant estropia revealed the abnormal insertion of the medial rectus muscle during muscle recession surgery. Strabismus surgeons should be aware of the possibility that anomalous muscles can cause unusual types of strabismus.
Metallkatalysierte α‐Arylierungen von Carbonylen und verwandten Molekülen: aktuelle Trends bei der C‐C‐Kupplung über C‐H‐Funktionalisierung
Authors: Johansson Carin C. C. , Colacot Thomas J.
Published: January 2010

In α‐Stellung arylierte Carbonyleinheiten sind in biologisch interessanten Molekülen häufig vertreten und daher von großem Interesse für die pharmazeutische Industrie. Die herkömmlichen Syntheseverfahren führen bei der Aufskalierung häufig zu Problemen, z. B. wegen der Verwendung stöchiometrischer Mengen an toxischen Reagentien und drastischer Reaktionsbedingungen. Im letzten Jahrzehnt wurden signifikante Fortschritte bei der Entwicklung alternativer Synthesewege unter milderen Bedingungen für die metallkatalysierte α‐Arylierung von Carbonylverbindungen erzielt. In diesem Aufsatz wird der aktuelle Stand dieses Gebietes zusammengefasst; dabei wird aufgezeigt, wie es gelang, die Substratbreite mithilfe geeigneter Herstellungsverfahren, z. B. durch Wahl der Liganden, Präkatalysatoren, Basen und Reaktionsbedingungen, zu erweitern.
Metal‐Catalyzed α‐Arylation of Carbonyl and Related Molecules: Novel Trends in CC Bond Formation by CH Bond Functionalization
Authors: Johansson Carin C. C. , Colacot Thomas J.
Published: January 2010

α‐Arylated carbonyl compounds are commonly occurring motifs in biologically interesting molecules and are therefore of high interest to the pharmaceutical industry. Conventional procedures for their synthesis often result in complications in scale‐up, such as the use of stoichiometric amounts of toxic reagents and harsh reaction conditions. Over the last decade, significant efforts have been directed towards the development of metal‐catalyzed α‐arylations of carbonyl compounds as an alternative synthetic approach that operates under milder conditions. This Review summarizes the developments in this area to date, with a focus on how the substrate scope has been expanded through selection of the most appropriate synthetic method, such as the careful choice of ligands, precatalysts, bases, and reaction conditions.
Chemorheological study of DGEBA/IPD system for reactive rotational molding (RRM)
Authors: Mounif E. , Bellenger V. , Mazabraud P. , Nony F. , Tcharkhtchi A.
Published: January 2010

The identification of kinetic parameters controlling the crosslinking of Diglycidyl ether of bisphenol/isophorone diamine reactive system was achieved via optimization program (Inverse method) based on Fourier transform near infrared spectroscopy results. The reactivity ratio (k2/k1) was determined using a new method based on the variation of amine conversion ratio versus epoxy conversion ratio. Gelation and vitrification of the reactive system were also analyzed. Time, temperature, transformation diagram was established to assess the rotational molding of this reactive system. © 2009 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2010
Preparation of microcellular poly(ethylene‐co‐octene) rubber foam with supercritical carbon dioxide
Authors: Zhai Wentao , Leung Siu N. , Wang Lilac , Naguib Hani E. , Park Chul B.
Published: January 2010

In the past 3 decades, there has been great advancement in the preparation of microcellular thermoplastic polymer foams. However, little attention has been paid to thermoplastic elastomers. In this study, microcellular poly(ethylene‐co‐octene) (PEOc) rubber foams with a cell density of 2.9 × 1010 cells/cm3 and a cell size of 1.9 μm were successfully prepared with carbon dioxide as the physical blowing agent with a batch foaming process. The microcellular PEOc foams exhibited a well‐defined, closed‐cell structure, a uniform cell size distribution, and the formation of unfoamed skin at low foaming temperatures. Their difference from thermoplastic foam was from obvious volume recovery in the atmosphere because of the elasticity of the polymer matrix. We investigated the effect of the molecular weight on the cell growth process by changing the foaming conditions, and two important effect factors on the cell growth, that is, the polymer matrix modulus/melt viscoelastic properties and gas diffusion coefficient, were assessed. With increasing molecular weight, the matrix modulus and melt viscosity tended to increase, whereas the gas solubility and diffusion coefficient decreased. The increase in the matrix modulus and melt viscosity tended to decrease the cell size and stabilize the cell structure at high foaming temperatures, whereas the increase in the gas diffusion coefficient facilitated cell growth at the beginning and limited cell growth because most of the gas diffused out of the polymer matrix during the long foaming times or at high foaming temperatures. © 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2010
Dramatic improvement in mechanical properties of GNs‐reinforced HDPE nanocomposites
Authors: Wang Liwei , Chen Guohua
Published: January 2010

Graphite nanosheets (GNs) modified with sodium dodecyl benzene sulfonate (SDBS) was prepared and then incorporated into high‐density polyethylene (HDPE). The GNs/HDPE nanocomposites displayed pronounced enhancements of the mechanical properties. With a load of 10 wt % of the modified GNs, the nanocomposites exhibited an increase of about 290% in the elongation at break as well as an increase of about 14% in the elastic modulus in comparison with neat HDPE. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) shows a notable microscopic orientation of the matrix and GNs in the strained nanocomposite specimen, which may play an important role in the dramatic increase in the elongation at break. © 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2010
The preparation and thermodynamic behaviors of chlorosulfonated polyethylene
Authors: Wang Zhe , Ni Hongzhe , Bian Yuling , Zhang Mingyao , Zhang Huixuan
Published: January 2010

The chlorosulfonated polyethylene (CSM)s with different content of chlorine and sulfur elements were prepared by aqueous solution suspension method. Prepared CSMs were characterized by Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectra. The content of chlorine and sulfur elements of CSM was confirmed by ion chromatography. The thermal properties and crystallization behaviors of the prepared CSMs were investigated by thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) and differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), respectively. In each TGA curve, one can observed two distinct weight loss steps, and the degradation temperatures decreased with the content of chlorine and sulfur elements increasing. The degradation temperatures of all the prepared CSMs exceeded 170°C in air, which showed good thermal stability. The calculated Avrami exponent by the opoxobck nonisothermal crystallization kinetics equation was nearly 4, which proved the CSM was homogeneous nucleation with a three‐directional spherulitic growth. The WAXD results indicated that the crystallinity of CSM decreased with the increment of chlorine and sulfur content. © 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2010
Effect of protein‐loading on properties of wet‐spun poly(L,D‐lactide) multifilament fibers
Authors: Rissanen Marja , Puolakka Arja , Ahola Niina , Tonry Aaron , Rochev Yury , Kellomäki Minna , Nousiainen Pertti
Published: January 2010

Protein‐loaded multifilament fibers were fabricated by the wet‐spinning method. The polymers which were tested included poly(L,D‐lactide) [P(L,D)LA], L/D ratio 96/4 and poly(L,DL‐lactide) [P(L,DL)LA], L/DL ratio 70/30. The polymers were dissolved in dichloromethane and bovine serum albumin (BSA) was dissolved in water, respectively. The solutions were mixed together using a probe sonicator to form a polymer‐protein emulsion. This emulsion was extruded to an ethanol spin bath. The fibers possessed a distinct sheath‐core structure, where the inner core was porous and the outer sheath was smooth. The diameters of the filaments were in the range of 46 and 70 μm. The tenacity values of the filaments were between 7 and 17 MPa. In vitro drug release rate of the P(L,DL)LA 70/30 filament was faster than that of the P(L,D)LA 96/4 filament. © 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2010
The novel alginate/N‐succinyl‐chitosan antibacterial blend fibers
Authors: Fan Lihong , Yu Lei , Xu Yongmei , Yi Changhai , Cai Jun , Li Ming , Huang Jin
Published: January 2010

Alginate/ N‐Succinyl‐chitosan (SCS) blend fibers, prepared by spinning their mixture solution through a viscose‐type spinneret into a coagulating bath containing aqueous CaCl2, were studied for structure and properties with the aid of infrared spectroscopy (IR) and X‐ray diffraction (XRD). The results indicated a good miscibility between alginate and SCS, because of the strong interaction from the intermolecular hydrogen bonds. The best values of the dry tensile strength and breaking elongation were obtained when SCS content was 30 wt %. The wet tensile strength decreased with the increase of SCS content, and the wet breaking elongation achieved maximum value when the SCS content was 30 wt %. Introduction of SCS in the blend fiber improved water‐retention properties of blend fiber compared to pure alginate fiber. Antibacterial fibers, obtained by treating the fibers with aqueous solution of silver nitrate, exhibited good antibacterial activity to Staphylococcus aureus. © 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2010
Could accelerated aging explain the excess mortality in patients with seropositive rheumatoid arthritis?
Authors: Crowson Cynthia S. , Liang Kimberly P. , Therneau Terry M. , Kremers Hilal Maradit , Gabriel Sherine E.
Published: January 2010

Objective

To determine whether the mortality pattern in patients with seropositive rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is consistent with the concept of accelerated aging, by comparing the observed mortality rates in patients with RA with the age‐accelerated mortality rates from the general population.

Methods

A population‐based inception cohort of patients with seropositive RA (according to the American College of Rheumatology 1987 criteria) was assembled and followed up for vital status until July 1, 2008. The expected mortality rate was obtained by applying the death rates from the general population to the age, sex, and calendar year distribution of the RA population. The observed mortality was estimated using Kaplan‐Meier methods. Acceleration factors for the expected mortality were estimated in accelerated failure time models.

Results

A total of 755 patients with seropositive RA (mean age 55.6 years, 69% women) were followed up for a mean of 12.5 years, during which 315 patients died. The expected median survival was age 82.4 years, whereas the median survival of the RA patients was age 76.7 years. Results of statistical modeling suggested that, in terms of mortality rates, patients with RA were effectively 2 years older than actual age at RA incidence, and thereafter the patients underwent 11.4 effective years of aging for each 10 years of calendar time.

Conclusion

The overall observed mortality experience of patients with seropositive RA is consistent with the hypothesis of accelerated aging. The causes of accelerated aging in RA deserve further investigation.
Effect of interleukin‐32γ on differentiation of osteoclasts from CD14+ monocytes
Authors: Kim Yong‐Gil , Lee Chang‐Keun , Oh Ji Seon , Kim Soo‐Hyun , Kim Kyoung‐A , Yoo Bin
Published: January 2010

Objective

Interleukin‐32 (IL‐32) induces various inflammatory molecules in human monocytes and differentiation of monocytes into macrophage‐like cells. This study was undertaken to evaluate the effects of IL‐32γ, the most biologically active isoform, on the differentiation and activation of osteoclasts.

Methods

CD14+ monocytes were obtained from healthy volunteers, and samples of synovial tissue and synovial fluid were obtained from patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA) and patients with osteoarthritis (OA). The concentration and expression levels of IL‐32γ in RA and OA samples were evaluated by enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assay and immunoblotting, respectively. To examine the osteoclastogenic effects and functional activities, isolated monocytes were treated with either IL‐32γ or IL‐17 in the presence or absence of soluble RANKL (sRANKL) on a culture system and on Osteologic disks. The expression of RANKL and osteoprotegerin (OPG) messenger RNA (mRNA) in RA fibroblast‐like synoviocytes (FLS) was measured using reverse transcription–polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and real‐time PCR.

Results

The concentration and expression levels of IL‐32γ were higher in the RA samples than in the OA samples. Upon costimulation with sRANKL, the osteoclast count and resorbed area increased more significantly in the IL‐32γ–stimulated cultures than in those stimulated with IL‐17. In the IL‐32γ–treated group without sRANKL stimulation, osteoclasts were differentiated, but the cells displayed low resorption activity. In RA FLS, RANKL mRNA expression increased in the presence of both IL‐32γ and IL‐17. However, transcription of OPG decreased following IL‐32γ stimulation, resulting in a significant increase in the RANKL:OPG ratio.

Conclusion

Our results suggest that IL‐32γ is a potent mediator of active osteoclast generation in the presence of sRANKL. Moreover, this novel cytokine creates more favorable conditions for osteoclastogenesis in the RA joint by increasing the RANKL:OPG ratio in FLS.
Age at time of corticosteroid administration is a risk factor for osteonecrosis in pediatric patients with systemic lupus erythematosus: A prospective magnetic resonance imaging study
Authors: Nakamura Junichi , Saisu Takashi , Yamashita Keishi , Suzuki Chiho , Kamegaya Makoto , Takahashi Kazuhisa
Published: January 2010

Objective

To clarify whether age at the time of the initial administration of corticosteroids is a risk factor for corticosteroid‐associated osteonecrosis in children with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE), using magnetic resonance imaging (MRI).

Methods

From 1986 to 2007, MRI was used to prospectively study 676 joints, including 72 joints (36 hips and 36 knees) in 18 pediatric patients with SLE (<15 years old), 100 joints (50 hips and 50 knees) in 25 adolescent patients with SLE (15–20 years old), and 504 joints (252 hips and 252 knees) in 126 adult patients with SLE (>20 years old), beginning just after corticosteroid administration, for at least 1 year. The followup rate was 100%.

Results

In pediatric patients, osteonecrosis developed in 4 joints (6%; all hips). In adolescent patients, osteonecrosis developed in 49 joints (49%; 18 hips and 31 knees). In adult patients, osteonecrosis developed in 207 joints (41%; 95 hips and 112 knees). The rate of osteonecrosis was significantly lower in pediatric patients than in adolescent or adult patients (P = 0.0001). Logistic regression analysis revealed that adolescent and adult patients had a significantly higher risk for osteonecrosis compared with pediatric patients, with an odds ratio of 10.3 (P < 0.0001). The youngest patients with osteonecrosis in the hip and knee were 14.9 years old and 15.5 years old, respectively. Osteonecrosis did not develop in patients younger than age 14 years.

Conclusion

Our results suggest that age at the time of the initial administration of corticosteroids is associated with osteonecrosis in pediatric patients with SLE.
The HLA–B*2705 peptidome
Authors: Ben Dror Lilach , Barnea Eilon , Beer Ilan , Mann Matthias , Admon Arie
Published: January 2010

Objective

The HLA–B27 allele is strongly associated with the group of inflammatory diseases known as the spondylarthritides (SpA). The aim of this study was to perform a large‐scale, direct biochemical analysis of the HLA–B*2705 peptidome in order to identify candidates for mimicry between HLA–B27 peptides derived from cartilage proteins and arthritogenic bacterial sequences and to refine the consensus binding motif of this important allele.

Methods

The peptides were recovered by recombinant expression of soluble HLA–B27 molecules secreted from cultured chondrocytic cells or HeLa cells. Analysis was based on capillary chromatography and tandem mass spectrometry in combination with stable isotope labeling with amino acids in cell culture or chemical labeling with iTRAQ to enhance the validity of the data.

Results

Over 1,268 B27 peptides were identified, with 569 of them at high certainty, thus enabling better refinement of the B27 motif. This enabled the prediction of both short peptides and long peptides whose middle residues likely bulge out of the binding groove. Moreover, we identified a number of human B27 peptide sequences derived from human cartilage proteins, some of which are similar to common bacterial sequences.

Conclusion

The peptides we identified may provide the missing link between bacterial infections and the resulting SpA.
Cardiovascular disease in patients with inflammatory rheumatic disease is associated with up‐regulation of markers of inflammation in cardiac microvessels and cardiomyocytes
Authors: Grundtman Cecilia , Hollan Ivana , Førre ØYstein T. , Saatvedt Kjell , Mikkelsen Knut , Lundberg Ingrid E.
Published: January 2010

Objective

Various inflammatory rheumatic diseases (IRDs) are associated with increased mortality due to cardiovascular disease. The aim of this study was to investigate heart biopsy specimens obtained from patients undergoing coronary artery bypass grafting and compare markers of inflammation and endothelial cell activation in the cardiac and skeletal muscle of patients with and those without IRD.

Methods

Paired biopsy specimens of cardiac and skeletal muscle were obtained from 22 consecutive patients with IRD and 8 patients without IRD, all of whom were undergoing coronary artery bypass grafting. The biopsy specimens were evaluated in a blinded manner by conventional microscopy and digital image analysis for cell markers (CD3, CD4, CD8, CD68, CD163, and CD31), HLA (HLA–ABC, HLA–DR, and HLA–DQ), adhesion molecules (intercellular adhesion molecule 1 and vascular cell adhesion molecule 1), and proinflammatory cytokines (interleukin‐1α, interleukin‐1β, and tumor necrosis factor).

Results

Patients with IRD had significantly higher expression of adhesion molecules, proinflammatory cytokines, and all classes of HLA on cardiomyocytes and endothelial cells but no increase on mononuclear cells in the myocardium compared with patients without IRD. Furthermore, cardiac muscle from patients with IRD displayed significantly higher local expression of inflammation and activation of cardiac microvessels compared with skeletal muscle from the same patients.

Conclusion

Patients with cardiovascular disease had increased expression of adhesion molecules, HLA, and proinflammatory cytokines in heart tissue, indicating local inflammation involving microvessels and cardiomyocytes that could play a role in the pathogenesis of cardiovascular disease. The more pronounced changes in patients with IRD compared with patients without IRD might contribute to the increased risk of cardiovascular disease and premature death in patients with IRD.
Antibodies to apolipoprotein A‐I, high‐density lipoprotein, and C‐reactive protein are associated with disease activity in patients with systemic lupus erythematosus
Authors: O'Neill Sean G. , Giles Ian , Lambrianides Anastasia , Manson Jessica , D'Cruz David , Schrieber Leslie , March Lyn M. , Latchman David S. , Isenberg David A. , Rahman Anisur
Published: January 2010

Objective

Inflammatory disease activity in patients with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) may affect the development of atherosclerosis, contributing to their increased risk of cardiovascular disease (CVD). This process may be mediated by anti–apolipoprotein A‐I (anti–Apo A‐I), anti–high‐density lipoprotein (anti‐HDL), and anti–C‐reactive protein (anti‐CRP) autoantibodies. We undertook this study to examine whether levels of these antibodies rise in association with increased SLE disease activity.

Methods

IgG anti–Apo A‐I, anti‐HDL, and anti‐CRP levels were measured in serum from the following groups: 39 patients with persistently high disease activity (British Isles Lupus Assessment Group [BILAG] A or B score) over the previous 2 years, 42 patients with persistently low disease activity (no BILAG A or B scores) over the previous 2 years, 34 healthy controls, 25 individual patients from whom paired samples (at time of disease flare and quiescence) were obtained and compared, 16 patients with newly diagnosed lupus nephritis from whom multiple samples were obtained and who were followed up prospectively for up to 2 years, and 24 patients with SLE who had experienced CVD events.

Results

Serum levels of IgG anti–Apo A‐I, anti‐HDL, and anti‐CRP were higher in patients with SLE than in controls. Anti–Apo A‐I and anti‐HDL levels, but not anti‐CRP levels, were higher in patients with persistently high disease activity than in those with low disease activity. Mean levels of the 3 autoantibodies in patients who had experienced CVD events lay between the mean levels in the high and low disease activity groups. Only levels of anti–Apo A‐I were significantly higher in samples obtained from individual patients during disease flares than in samples obtained during disease quiescence. In the lupus nephritis patients, anti–Apo A‐I and anti‐HDL levels correlated with serum levels of high avidity IgG anti–double‐stranded DNA.

Conclusion

Persistent disease activity is associated with a significant increase in IgG anti–Apo A‐I and anti‐HDL in patients with SLE.
Endothelin 1 contributes to the effect of transforming growth factor β1 on wound repair and skin fibrosis
Authors: Lagares David , García‐Fernández Rosa Ana , Jiménez Clara López , Magán‐Marchal Noemi , Busnadiego Oscar , Lamas Santiago , Rodríguez‐Pascual Fernando
Published: January 2010

Objective

To characterize the pathways induced by transforming growth factor β1 (TGFβ1) that lead to the expression of endothelin 1 (ET‐1) in human dermal fibroblasts, and to study the effects of TGFβ1 and ET‐1 on the acquisition of a profibrotic phenotype and assess the contribution of the TGFβ1/ET‐1 axis to skin wound healing and fibrosis in vivo.

Methods

The mechanism of induction of ET‐1 expression by TGFβ1 and its effect on the expression of α‐smooth muscle actin and type I collagen were studied in human dermal fibroblasts, in experiments involving the TGFβ receptor inhibitor GW788388 and the ET receptor antagonist bosentan, by real‐time reverse transcription–polymerase chain reaction (RT‐PCR), enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assay, immunofluorescence, Western blotting, and promoter/reporter transient transfection analyses. Experiments assessing dermal wound healing in mice were performed with adenovirus‐driven overexpression of active TGFβ1 and ET‐1, with or without treatment with bosentan. The contributions of TGFβ1 and ET‐1 to the fibrotic response were also assessed in a mouse model of bleomycin‐induced skin fibrosis, by histologic, immunohistochemical, RT‐PCR, and protein analyses.

Results

TGFβ1 induced ET‐1 expression in human dermal fibroblasts through Smad‐ and activator protein 1/JNK–dependent signaling. The ability of TGFβ1 to induce the expression of profibrotic genes was dependent on ET‐1. Adenovirus‐mediated overexpression of TGFβ1 and ET‐1 in mouse skin was associated with accelerated wound closure, increased fibrogenesis, and excessive scarring. Treatment with bosentan prevented the effects of TGFβ1. In the bleomycin‐induced fibrosis model, treatment with GW788388 and bosentan prevented the fibrotic response.

Conclusion

Our results strongly support the notion that the TGFβ1/ET‐1 axis has a role in wound repair and skin fibrosis. ET‐1 receptor antagonists, such as bosentan, may represent a useful therapeutic tool in the treatment of excessive scarring and fibrosis‐related diseases.
ChemInform Abstract: (Cu2S2)(Sr3Se2O5) — A Layered, Direct Band Gap, p‐Type Transparent Conducting Oxychalcogenide: A Theoretical Analysis.
Authors: Scanlon David O. , Watson Graeme W.
Published: January 2010

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis, Characterization and Low Temperature Studies of Iron Chalcogenide Superconductors.
Authors: Janaki J. , Kumary T. Geetha , Mani Awadhesh , Kalavathi S. , Reddy G. V. R. , Rao G. V. Narasimha , Bharathi A.
Published: January 2010

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Structure and Electrochemical Performance of FeF3/V2O5 Composite Cathode Material for Lithium‐Ion Battery.
Authors: Wu Wen , Wang Ying , Wang Xianyou , Chen Quanqi , Wang Xin , Yang Shunyi , Liu Xiuming , Guo Jia , Yang Zhenhua
Published: January 2010

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Production of Hydrogen from Reactions of Methane with Boranes.
Authors: Swinnen Saartje , Nguyen Vinh Son , Sakai Shogo , Nguyen Minh Tho
Published: January 2010

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: A Simple Route to Synthesize New Binary Cobalt Iron Cyclotetraphosphate CoFeP4O12 Using Aqueous and Acetone Media.
Authors: Boonchom Banjong , Thongkam Montree , Kongtaweelert Samart , Vittayakorn Naratip
Published: January 2010

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Application of Enantiopure 1‐(Aminoalkyl)naphthols and 2‐(Aminoalkyl)phenols in the Enantioselective Addition of Organozinc to α,β‐Unsaturated Carbonyl Compounds.
Authors: Cimarelli Cristina , Fratoni Davide , Palmieri Gianni
Published: January 2010

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Iminium‐Ion Activation as an Efficient Strategy for Divergent Synthesis of Optically Active Propargylic, Homopropargylic, and Allenic Compounds.
Authors: Jiang Hao , Holub Nicole , Paixao Marcio W. , Tiberi Caterina , Falcicchio Aurelia , Joergensen Karl Anker
Published: January 2010

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Towards Sustainable Homogeneous Gold Catalysis: Cycloisomerization of Functionalized Allenes in Water.
Authors: Winter Christian , Krause Norbert
Published: January 2010

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.