bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Behavioral Intervention for Bladder Control and Its Impact on Quality of Life in Persons with Traumatic Paraplegia
Authors: Nayak Aradhana , Sahu Ram Kumar
Published: June 2021

Background:

Injury to spinal cord results in many neurological problems, and bladder dysfunction is one of the major factors affecting quality of life (QOL). Improvement in bladder control leads to improvement of psychosocial well-being related to urinary incontinence, thereby enhancing QOL. The effect of behavioral intervention (BI) on bladder control is well documented in patients with urinary incontinence. However, very few evidences are available on its effect in patients with traumatic paraplegia in Indian context.

Objectives:

The study objective was to determine the effect of BI on bladder control and QOL in patients with traumatic paraplegia and to find the relationship between status of bladder control and QOL.

Study Design:

This was a one-arm interventional study design.

Methods:

Initial screening was done by using the American Spinal Injury Association (ASIA) Impairment Scale, and thirty six traumatic paraplegics were recruited for the study. BI along with traditional bladder management was provided to them for 8 weeks, and after this period, home exercise program was prescribed. Pre- and postintervention data were recorded using Urogenital Distress Inventory short form (UDI-6) and Incontinence QOL (IQOL). Follow-up data were recorded 6 months after completion of intervention to measure the retention effect.

Results:

Friedman test showed a significant difference (P = 0.000 and 95% confidence interval [95% CI]: 0.000–0.080) across preintervention, postintervention, and follow-up data for both outcome measures. Post hoc Wilcoxon signed-rank test showed a significant difference (P = 0.000 and 95% CI: 0.000–0.080) between preintervention and postintervention scores as well as preintervention and follow-up scores for both the outcome measures. No significant difference was noted on analysis of postintervention and follow-up scores (P=0.472 and 95% CI: 0.026-0.052) for UDI-6 and (P=0.743 and 95% CI:0.000-0.0130) for IQOL. When preintervention scores of UDI-6 and IQOL were correlated using Kendall's tau correlation coefficient, it gave a high negative correlation (−0.725), which implied that the poorer status of bladder control is related to poorer QOL.

Conclusion:

BI was an effective technique in improving bladder control, aid to faster improvement when used along with other traditional bladder management techniques in patients with traumatic paraplegia leading better QOL seen over a period of 6 months.
Rehabilitation Outcomes of Persons with Severe Traumatic Brain Injury
Authors: CatherineJudithHossanna  , Samuelkamaleshkumar Selvaraj , Aruna Ranjan , Annpatriciacatherine Suresh , Reethajanetsurekha Stephen , Elango Arumugam
Published: June 2021

Background:

The recent literature regarding functional outcomes and the effectiveness of rehabilitation for persons with severe traumatic brain injury (TBI) suggests that these patients are capable of significant functional recovery over a period of months to years after injury. However, the researches concerning this are very limited. Therefore, this study has been conducted to study the rehabilitation outcomes in persons with severe TBI.

Objective:

To study the rehabilitation outcomes of persons with severe TBI who have completed 8–16 weeks of residential, postacute rehabilitation.

Study Design:

A cross-sectional survey study design was chosen.

Methods:

This study was done in Rehabilitation center of Christian Medical College, Vellore. Forty-two patients with severe TBI who completed rehabilitation from January 2014 to November 2016 were selected for this study. Usual care was provided to the participants in a transdisciplinary service delivery model. The Wessex Head Injury Matrix (WHIM), Coma Recovery Scale Revised (CRS-R), Addenbrooke's Cognitive Examination-III (ACE-III), Modified Barthel Index (MBI), Disability Rating Scale, and Community reintegration Questionnaire (CIQ) were used based on the International Classification of Functioning framework to assess the functional gains achieved during and after the rehabilitation process that include admission, discharge, and follow-up.

Results:

Significant improvements in CRS-R (confidence interval [CI]: −2.879 to − 0.741; P= 0.000), WHIM (CI: −10.42 to − 2.96; P= 0.000), ACE-III (CI: −8.23 to − 26.15; P= 0.000), and MBI (CI: −15.32 to − 39.18; P= 0.000) were found from admission to discharge. A significant change in disability was observed at discharge (CI: 3.79–6.07; P= 0.000) and at follow-up (CI: 0.87–1.75; P= 0.000). Marital status was influencing the CRS-R (CI: −0.82–6.79; P= 0.011) and the WHIM scores (CI: −0.619–14.12; P= 0.047). The mean follow-up CIQ score was 9.77 (standard deviation = 7.01). Only socioeconomic status was influencing CIQ (CI: 2.90–12.98; P= 0.003).

Conclusion:

Participants showed significant functional gains after the residential, post-acute rehabilitation program. These functional gains were not reflected in their community reintegration.
Effect of Short-Term Yoga-Based-Breathing on Peri-Operative Anxiety in Patients Undergoing Cardiac Surgery
Authors: Azeez Aspari Mahammad , Puri Goverdhan Dutt , Samra Tanvir , Singh Mahinder
Published: June 2021

Background:

Peri-operative anxiety in patients scheduled for cardiac surgery is detrimental. This study evaluated the effect of short-term yoga based-breathing with different variations on peri-operative anxiety.

Materials and Methods:

A prospective randomized controlled study was conducted in patients aged 20–60 years scheduled for major cardiac surgery. Patients in Yoga group were trained for yoga based-breathing with different variations for 5 days; no intervention was done in controls.

Results:

We analyzed twenty patients in each group. Anxiety scores measured at baseline, presurgery, and postsurgery were entered as the within-subjects factor; group status was entered as the between-subjects factor in the RMANOVA. Baseline demographics and anxiety scores were comparable. The short-term yoga-based breathing exercise-training program had a statistically significant effect on state (F = 13.45, P < 0.0001), Trait (F = 13.29, P < 0.0001) and total anxiety scores (F = 29.44, P < 0.0001) at different time points for yoga over control group.

Conclusion:

Short-term yoga-based breathing for 5 days lowers presurgery and postsurgery anxiety in patients undergoing cardiac surgery.
Effect of Pranayama Techniques with Marmanasthanam Kriya as Yogic Relaxation on Biopsychosocial Parameters Prior to Endodontic Therapy
Authors: Thiruvalluvan Akshaya , Sekizhar Vandana , Ramanathan Meena , Bhavanani Ananda Balayogi , Chakravathy Dhanavel , Reddy Jagat R. C.
Published: June 2021

Background:

The root canal treatment is one of the common dental or endodontic therapies associated with high levels of patient anxiety. Yoga therapy (YT) is reported in medical literature as an effective modality in bringing down anxiety in clinical scenarios; however, the reports of the same for dental settings are fewer. The current study aimed to evaluate the effect of YT on biopsychosocial parameters in patients undergoing root canal therapy.

Materials and Methods:

A cross sectional study was conducted on 50 participants who underwent dental root canal therapy. The sample was divided into two groups: Yoga group (Group A; n = 25) who received YT and control group (Group B; n = 25) who were subjected to self-relaxation during dental procedure. The state of anxiety was measured by a 5-point single-item Likert scale and the cardiovascular (CV) parameters (systolic blood pressure [SBP], diastolic blood pressure [DBP], heart rate [HR]) and CV indices (pulse pressure [PP], mean arterial pressure [MAP], rate-pressure product [RPP], and double product [DoP]) were derived and compared between both the groups.

Results:

The intergroup comparison showed statistically significant differences in anxiety score (P < 0.001), SBP (P < 0.001), MAP (P < 0.001), RPP (P < 0.001), DoP (P < 0.001), HR (P < 0.029), DBP (P < 0.003), and PP (P < 0.116).

Conclusion:

A significant reduction was recorded in terms of anxiety and primary and derived CV parameters in the yoga group. The YT can be adopted as an interventional tool for anxiety management in patients indicated for dental root canal therapy.
A Mechanistic Model for Yoga as a Preventive and Therapeutic Modality
Authors: Basu-Ray Indranill
Published: June 2021

Yoga is an ancient Indian technique of healthy living. Numerous studies have corroborated yoga's beneficial effects, including a favorable influence on autonomic function and negative emotions. Extensive research in the last few decades has revealed the critical role that yoga can play in eradicating stress. This has laid to the foundation for a scientific understanding of pathophysiological changes attributed to stress, particularly at the molecular and genetic levels. This primarily has helped understand the epigenetic and genetic mechanism at play to induce and alleviate stress, particularly those related to emotional aberrations. As research has indicated, negative emotions are translated into vascular inflammation appropriately accentuated by a sympathetic predominant autonomic function. This cascade is bolstered by multiple factors, including activation of “stressor” genes and elaborating hormones, including steroids with sometimes nocuous consequences, particularly when chronic. Yoga has been categorically found to have inhibited each and every one of these baneful effects of stress. In fact, it also changes the neuronal circuits that potentiate such a plethora of pathological changes. This, in turn, has accentuated yoga's relevance as a powerful preventive intervention in noncommunicable diseases (NCD). NCDs, including heart disease, stroke, and rheumatological disorders, are essentially inflammatory diseases that perpetuate inflammation in different beds like vascular or joint spaces. The precise mechanism by which yoga induces such beneficial changes is yet to be delineated. However, a cornucopia of pointers indicates that neural, endocrine, immunological, cellular, genetic, and epigenetic mechanisms are at play. This article attempts to cobble together newfangled research to delineate a medical model for this 5000-year-old practice from India. This is imperative, as a mechanistic model of this ancient-but-complex system would enable a more comprehensive understanding of its mechanism and reveal its yet-undiscovered positive health effects.
Role of Mind–Body Intervention on Lipid Profile
Authors: Mehra Priya , Anand Akshay , Nagarathna R , Kaur Navneet , Malik Neeru , Singh Amit , Pannu Viraaj , Avti Pramod , Patil Suchitra , Nagendra H R
Published: June 2021

Background:

Yoga is a combination of physical-breathing and meditative techniques that assist in the unification of the mind–body, which improves the quality of life. It was shown that long-term Yoga practitioners had superior control over respiratory rate, reduced stress and anxiety, and a better-controlled lipid profile.

Purpose:

We aimed to investigate the lipid profile of long-term yoga practitioners who were practicing yoga for more than 1 year in comparison with the nonyoga group.

Methods:

A nationwide survey was conducted in which the long-term yoga practitioners (n = 76) and nonyoga practitioners (n = 80) were recruited for assessment for the lipid parameters.

Results:

The mean (standard deviation) values of both groups were within normal range with serum cholesterol at 189.715 ± 20.4 and 180.88 ± 29.7 and triglycerides at 216.72 ± 92.5 and 207.665 ± 88.3, low-density lipoprotein at 126.65 ± 18.5 and 120.775 ± 26.5, and high-density lipoprotein at 47.17 ± 6.6 and 44.99 ± 7.0, respectively, in yoga and no-yoga groups.

Conclusion:

The lipid profile values were similar in yoga and nonyoga practitioners in the 2017 survey.
Eptifibatide-Induced Acute Profound Thrombocytopenia in a Patient with Left Main Artery Plaque Rupture Complicated by Cardiogenic Shock and Gastrointestinal Bleeding
Authors: Nandal Savvy , Van Gaal William , Ponnuthurai Francis A
Published: June 2021

Eptifibatide inhibits platelet aggregation by reversibly binding to the platelet receptor glycoprotein (GP) IIb/IIIa of human platelets, thus preventing the binding of fibrinogen and adhesion proteins such as fibronectin, vitronectin, and von Willebrand factor to form cross bridges with adjacent platelets. There are two other GP IIb/IIIa inhibitors, namely abciximab and tirofiban, available for clinical use. Profound thrombocytopenia is an uncommon but clinically important complication of GP IIb/IIIa inhibitors. This case discusses a 64-year-old male patient who developed profound thrombocytopenia within 4 h of first administration of eptifibatide. This report adds a case of eptifibatide-induced thrombocytopenia complicated by gastrointestinal bleeding to the medical literature. It highlights the need for complex decision-making regarding cessation of antiplatelet therapy in patients with recent percutaneous coronary intervention and the lack of robust evidence for the benefit of GP IIb/IIIa inhibitors in the ticagrelor era when compared to clopidogrel and aspirin.
Association between rheumatoid arthritis and periodontal disease
Authors: Rodriguez-Archilla Alberto , Vacca-Moreno Annalisa
Published: June 2021

Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is related to periodontal disease (PD) because both diseases share similar inflammatory pathogenic mechanisms that produce bone resorption. To assess the possible bidirectional link between RA and PD. A search for articles on RA and PD was conducted in the following electronic databases: PubMed (MEDLINE, Cochrane Library), Web of Science (WoS), and Google Scholar. Twenty-two studies with a low-moderate risk of bias according to the Newcastle-Ottawa Methodological Quality Scale were considered in this meta-analysis. The data were analyzed using the Statistical Software RevMan 5.4 (The Cochrane Collaboration, Oxford, UK). For continuous outcomes, the estimates of effects of the intervention were expressed as mean differences (MDs) using the inverse variance method, and for dichotomous outcomes, the estimates of effects of the intervention were expressed as odds ratios (OR) using the Mantel-Haenszel method, both with 95% confidence intervals. Patients with RA showed higher levels of: Plaque index (MD: 0.10; P < 0.001), gingival index (MD: 0.31; P < 0.001), probing depth (MD: 0.45; P < 0.001), clinical attachment loss (MD: 0.59; P < 0.001), and bleeding on probing (MD: 8.06; P < 0.001). They also had a lower number of remaining teeth (MD:-0.80; P = 0.27) and a greater number of missing teeth (MD: 2.70; P < 0.001). These same patients had a higher risk of both moderate (OR: 2.90; P = 0.008) and severe periodontitis (OR: 2.78; P = 0.01). Patients with RA have a higher risk of moderate-severe PD and a worsening of all periodontal parameters.
Knowledge, attitude, and awareness among dentists regarding COVID-19 pandemic in West Bengal
Authors: Gayen Khooshbu , Galui Sauvik , Das Lopamoodra , Saha Subrata , Sarkar Subir
Published: June 2021

Background:

Coronavirus disease-2019 (COVID-19) has been declared a global public health emergency, the rapid and extensive spread of COVID-19 pandemic.

Objective:

The aim of this study is to assess the knowledge, attitude, and awareness among the dentists of West Bengal regarding coronavirus disease (COVID-19).

Materials and Methods:

The study population for this survey are the dentists of West Bengal who work in government sector or in any private clinics. An online questionnaire comprising 28 questions was sent to the sample size. The questionnaire was composed of series of questions about the knowledge of dentists regarding the incubation period, symptoms, mode of transmission of coronavirus disease, their awareness about the infection control measures, and the attitude toward treating the patients with COVID-19.

Results:

A total of 107 dentists responded to this survey. Of them, 7.5% have completed their postgraduation in any specific subject, 30.2% are under postgraduate training, and 62.3% are practicing after completion of their graduation. Eighty percent of the dentists involved in the study have correctly reported the incubation period which is 7–14 days. Majority of the dentists were aware of the symptoms of COVID-19, which would help them in identifying the patients at risk of getting COVID-19 infection. Sixty-seven percent of them found it necessary to make the sitting arrangement at significant distances in the waiting area as a preventive measure. Majority of them considered that dentists should play an important role in spreading awareness regarding COVID-19.

Conclusion:

The dentists were found to have a good knowledge about the symptoms, mode of transmission, and the preventive measures. They were advised to follow the guidelines issued by the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention and the World Health Organization and remain well informed about the recommended disease management protocols so that no stone is left unturned in defeating this pandemic.
Photobiomodulation therapy in the treatment of a palatal ulcer
Authors: Chinam Nivedita , Vaidya Aniket , John Thilak Thomas
Published: June 2021

Oral mucosa is the most common site for ulcers, and severely painful ulcers of traumatic origin prompt the patient to visit an oral physician to seek necessary treatment. Currently, numerous topical analgesics and anti-inflammatory medications are prescribed to reduce pain and accelerate healing. An alternative to this is low-level laser therapy which is a drug-free and noninvasive therapy and has shown potential results in treatment of oral ulcers. In this paper, we report a case of a patient with palatal ulcer which was successfully treated using a 660-nm (red) laser.
Demographic characteristics and clinical manifestations of interstitial lung disease with systemic sclerosis in eastern part of Libya
Authors: Elbraky Fathi , Alsaeiti Khaled , Aboulqasim Fathiyah , Alawgali Saleh
Published: June 2021

Introduction: Pulmonary involvement, such as Interstitial Lung Disease (ILD) and Pulmonary Hypertension (PH ), accounts for significant morbidity and is the leading cause of Systemic sclerosis (SSc)-related morbidity and mortality. The aim of the current study was to study the frequency of occurrence of ILD in SSc and to describe the clinical and radiological picture of pulmonary involvement in SSc. Patients and Methods: Forty patients attending different rheumatology clinics in eastern part of Libya between January 2018 and September 2020 were included. Basic details including age, gender, disease duration, detailed history, and clinical examination were noted. Autoimmune profiling included rheumatoid factor, antinuclear antibodies, and anti-Scl-70 antibodies. Pulmonary function test, chest X-ray (CXR), and high-resolution computed tomography of the chest (HRCT) in all patients were recorded. Data presented either as frequencies and percentages or as means ± standard deviation. Results: The male: female ratio was 1:9 with a mean age of 37.5 ± 9.6 years and duration of illness 6 ± 4 years. diffuse cutaneous SSc was seen in 62.5% of the patients. 77.5% of the participants had bilateral crepitation and 57.5% had loud P2. Presenting complaints included gastrointestinal reflux in 72.5%, digitalis ulcerations in 40%, and synovitis/arthritis of all patients. Other comorbidities included congestive heart failure in 12.5%, PH in 15%, and renal impairments in 7.5% of all patients. Anti-Scl-70 antibody was the most common in all patients (45%), followed by anti-centromere Ab (25%), anti-U3 RNP (10%), and anti-U1 RNP (5%). 72.5% of the participants had reticulonodular shadows on CXR. HRCT showed honeycombing as the predominant finding (37.5%). Echocardiograms showed that 15% of all patients have signs of PH. Duration of disease, dyspnea, cough, bilateral crepitations, and CXR were found to be significantly associated with extensive ILD (P < 0.05). Conclusion: ILD is a serious complication of SSc, it is more common among patients with dcSSc. Chest HRCT is very sensitive to detect ILD. A significant association was found in Libyan patients between the severity of ILD and the duration of disease, dyspnea, cough, bilateral crepts, and CXR.
Evaluation of the urology residency training program in Saudi Arabia
Authors: Alkhamees Mohammad Abdulkareem , Almutairi Sulaiman A. , Aljuhayman Ahmed M. , Alkanhal Hammam , Alenezi Saad H. , Almuhaideb Mana , Alkhateeb Sultan S.
Published: June 2021

Purpose:

This study evaluates the satisfaction of urology residents with the Saudi Board of Urology (SBU) Training Program and identifies areas of weakness and strength to improve the educational environment, surgical competency, and overall satisfaction of urology residents with the program.

Methods:

We administered an electronic self-made questionnaire that included two sections. One comprised demographic data (age, gender, weight, height, marital status, level of training, city of training, and center of training), while the other concerned SBU evaluation (satisfaction with different aspects of training, such as ways of assessment, mentors’ feedback, surgical competency, research, and strengths and weaknesses of SBU).

Results:

The overall satisfaction of urology residency program was 28.8% while 44.2% of residents had a neutral response. The highest level of satisfaction with clinical and surgical practice was among graduates (56.9%) and Riyadh residents (45.1%). Furthermore, good work/life balance received the lowest level of satisfaction (5.2%) among senior residents, while good clinical experience received the highest level (62.7%) among the graduates. Residents reported a high exposure in endourology and pediatric urology, while transplant, reconstructive, and neurourology had the lowest exposure. Forty-two percent of respondents undertook research during their residency training, but most respondents (54%) did not publish any research papers during their training. Sixty-two percent of graduates felt that their training program did not prepare them adequately to perform well on the board examinations.

Conclusion:

Our results confirmed that satisfaction of residents with the urology program process is variable according to the city of training. Having high satisfaction level in some cities reflects the improvement of urology training program after restructuring. We identified new areas in need of improvement, namely lack of mentorship, clear and formal assessment process, and variation of training process between central and peripheral programs.
Food Safety and Hygiene: Knowledge, Attitude and Practices among Food Handlers
Authors: Nyawo Thandeka , Kesa Hema , Onyenweaku Eridiong
Published: June 2021

The National School Nutrition Programme (NSNP) aims at supplying nutritious supplementary meals to schoolchildren in order to improve education outcome by elevating learning ability, school attendance, and punctuality. However, in South Africa there is an increasing number of food poisoning reports, especially in schools under the NSNP. This study seeks to assess knowledge levels of food safety and hygiene practices among NSNP food handlers in Gauteng. A qualitative research approach employing a semi-structured individual interview process was used for data collection. The results showed that lack of education and knowledge was one of the reasons behind food handlers’ non-adherence to food safety and hygiene practices. The findings also revealed that training should be a requirement for food handlers under the NSNP, in order to prevent foodborne diseases and reduce pathogen spread (cross contamination) during food preparation. The findings of this study recommend that the NSNP strengthens training programmes, evaluation and monitoring measures as these are crucial for food safety.
Management, finance, economics: modern problems and ways of their solutions
Authors:   International Science Group, Vladlenov Denis
Published: June 2021

The collection of scientific articles published is the scientific and practical publication, which contains scientific articles of students, graduate students, Candidates and Doctors of Sciences, research workers and practitioners from Europe and Ukraine. The articles contain the study, reflecting the processes and changes in the structure of modern science.
Theoretical and practical research in law
Authors:   International Science Group, Vladlenov Denis
Published: June 2021

Collection of scientific articles published is the scientific and practical publication, which contains scientific articles of students, graduate students, Candidates and Doctors of Sciences, research workers and practitioners from Europe and Ukraine. The articles contain the study, reflecting the processes and changes in the structure of modern science.
Internet of Things Applied on Assistive Robotics
Authors: Shi Wei , Liu Xuejun (Jason) , Xing Yuan
Published: June 2021

With the Americans with Disabilities Act (ADA), the past two decades have seen a proliferation of Assistive Technology (AT) and its enabling impact on the lives of people with disabilities in the areas of accessing information, communication, and daily living activities. Due to recent emergence of the Internet of Things (IoT), the research of assistive robotics has been contributing to assisting humans to manipulate and communicate with the robot in complex unstructured environments. The ongoing revolution of Internet of Things (IoT), together with the growing diffusion of robots applied in everyday life and industry, makes Internet of Robotic Things (IoRT) as the future direction for assistive robotics research. New advanced technologies and services are explored in assisting humans. This study provides an overview of the IoT and applications into robotics based on the building blocks of the IoT, along with recent trends and issues relevant to accessing technology for people with disabilities. This research also discusses the technologies in IoT that would benefit the applications of assistive robotics. The most important research challenges to be faced are also highlighted.
Manuel Cantos Ropero, alcalde
Authors: Ruiz Romero Manuel
Published: June 2021

Nuestro estudio pretender ser un primer trabajo introductorio a la gestión y a los años en los que Cantos Ropero es alcalde de Jerez de la Frontera. Ante la existencia puntual de investigaciones sobre la ciudad y su institución local, intentamos describir la problemática y las actuaciones más representativas que existen durante el período que marca el fin del franquismo y los primeros pasos de la apertura política. Un mandato condicionado por los proyectos del mandatario anterior, Primo de Rivera y Urquijo y, la presencia de la crisis del petróleo como factor determinante para la hacienda municipal.
Makharbek Safarovich Tuganov and Boris Alexandrovich Galaev. Features of creative dialogue
Authors: Плиева М.Г.
Published: June 2021

статья, основанная на документальном материале, освещает некоторые
аспекты многогранного творческого наследия художника М.С. Туганова и композитора
Б.А. Галаева, знакомит с уточненными фактами биографии, этнографической и педа-
гогической деятельностью. В статье впервые исследуется творческий тандем выдаю-
щихся представителей осетинского искусства середины XX века. Изложено авторское
видение на проблему датировки первой осетинской оперы.

The article, based on the documentary material, highlights some aspects of the multifaseted
creative heritage of the artist M.S. Tuganov and the composer B.A. Galaev, introduces
the updated facts of the biography, ethnographic and pedagogical activities. The creative
tandem of outstanding representatives of the Ossetian art of the XX century is explored in this
article for the fi rst time. The author’s vision for the dating of the fi rst Ossetian opera is presented.
Pogezanian lieges in the State of Teutonic Order in 1261–1370
Authors: Денисов С.А.
Published: June 2021

Статья посвящена инкорпорированию жителей Погезании, одной из за-
падных прусских земель, в орденскую систему ленного землевладения в 1261–1370 гг.
Основную часть ленников (173 из 176 персон) составили лица, обязанные нести во-
енную службу и платить налог (группа 1) или освобожденные от податей (группа 2).
Рост их численности был связан с потребностями Ордена в военной силе и доходах
от земельной собственности для борьбы с Великим Литовским княжеством за поли-
тическое лидерство в Юго-Восточной Прибалтике.

The article deals with the incorporation of inhabitants of Pogezania one of the
western Prussian lands, into the Order’s system of fi ef land ownership in 1261–1370. The
main part of lieges (173 from 176 persons) consisted of individuals, who were obliged to keep
military service and to pay taxes (group 1) or free from any payment (group 2). The growth of
their number was caused by needs of Order in military force and incomes from the land estates
for the struggle with Grand Duchy of Lithuania for the leadership in South-East of Baltic region.
The stories of Batyrbek Tuganov and their signifi cance in the history of Ossetian Russian-language prose
Authors: Хугаев И.С.
Published: June 2021

В статье дается комплексное рассмотрение идейно-художественно-
го содержания рассказов Батырбека Туганова, одного из виднейших представителей
осетинской (русскоязычной) литературы рубежа XIX и XX веков; фиксируются их осо-
бенности в сопоставлении с текстами соответствующего жанра, принадлежащими
предшественникам Туганова – И. Канукову и К. Хетагурову, и их значение в становле-
нии осетинского литературного билингвизма.

The article provides a comprehensive review of the ideological and artistic content
of the stories of Batyrbek Tuganov, one of the most prominent representatives of the Ossetian
(Russian – language) literature of the turn of the XIX and XX centuries; their features are
recorded in comparison with the texts of the corresponding genre belonging to the predecessors
of Tuganov, namely, I. Kanukov and K. Khetagurov and their signifi cance in the formation of
Ossetian literary bilingualism.
VLADAVINA PRAVA I SOCIJALNA DRŽAVA
Authors:   Faculty of Law, University „Josip Juraj Strossmayer“ of Osijek, Jelinić Srećko
Published: June 2021

In this paper the author is searching for the connection between the concepts of the rule of law, so called social justice and the concept of the welfare state. The notion of the rule of law needs to be interpretated and defined precisely. The arguments in the paper are supported with selected court findings and decisions. The special emphasis is given to the issue of social justice which is, as it seems, particularly questionable in the field of consumer contracts where the issue of inequality of the parties to the contract comes to existence. Different types of contracts such as the contracts for telecommunication services together with some other issues such as the later change in contractual conditions and difficulties in obtaining payment for provided goods and services are being discussed and discoursed
Food Systems at Risk: Transformative Adaptation for Long-Term Food Security
Authors: Carter Rebecca , Ginoya Namrata , Choularton Richard , Ferdinand Tyler , Ding Helen , Preethan Parvathi
Published: June 2021

This report examines how climate change is impacting agriculture and threatening national and global food systems, particularly in climate hotspots, and how these trends are projected to intensify over the coming decades. The report defines and details transformative adaptation for agriculture and why such longer-term, systemic approaches are needed to protect the lives and livelihoods of millions of small-scale farmers and herders. Transformative adaptation in agriculture promotes long-term resilience by continually shifting the geographical locations where specific types of crops and livestock are produced, aligning agricultural production with changing landscapes and ecosystems, and/or introducing resilience-building production methods and technologies across value chains. The report presents evidence to support a call for urgent action by: Agricultural research organizations, to build and share knowledge regarding transformative approaches; Governments, to integrate this knowledge into plans and policies by establishing and implementing transformative pathways; and Funding entities, to increase financial support for agricultural adaptation and design sustainable financing mechanisms with the right incentives and disincentives to support transformative adaptation. Strategic investments in resilient food systems are crucial to manage intensifying climate change impacts and feed a global population expected to reach 9.7 billion by 2050. Planning for transformative adaptation should center on inclusive, participatory processes that engage a diverse range of stakeholders who may otherwise be marginalized in decision-making, such as women, youth and Indigenous peoples.
Visão e percepção da Educação Física para os alunos do Ensino Médio de um colégio público de Quirinópolis-GO
Authors: Izarias Silas Stênio
Published: June 2021

O estudo buscou analisar a visão e a percepção dos alunos do ensino médio de um colégio público sobre a educação física escolar, na cidade de Quirinópolis-GO. Estudo descritivo, exploratório, bibliográfico e ainda um estudo de caso no colégio de ensino público. Os resultados demostraram que os alunos do ensino médio se sentem motivados a participarem das aulas de educação física, possuem uma relação positiva com aspectos intervenientes a disciplina e percebem o professor como mediador e facilitador no sentido da aplicabilidade da disciplina. Conclui-se que a conduta do professor é fundamental na busca constante da motivação dos seus alunos e na contribuição com o processo educacional inserido na Educação Física.
Microoganismos patógenos más frecuentemente aislados de infecciones en pacientes internados en el Hospital de Traumatología y Ortopedia IMSS de la ciudad de Puebla
Authors: Alejandro Galicia Grande , Claudy Villagrán Padilla , Patricia Suárez Albores , Alejandro Ruiz Tagle , Rodriguez I. Nava
Published: June 2021

Las infecciones intrahospitalarias (IHH) se consideran de gran importancia en pacientes internados en el hospital de traumatología y ortopedia IMSS debido a que es uno de los grandes problemas que se presenta en los pacientes y experimenta en algún momento durante su estancia. El cultivo bacteriológico es un método específico y confiable para su diagnóstico. Como propósito de este estudio se tiene el determinar la frecuencia de microorganismos patógenos aislados en cultivos de infecciones a pacientes internados en el hospital de traumatología y ortopedia IMSS de la ciudad de Puebla. Se realizó un estudio de tipo transversal, prospectivo, y observacional para 844 muestras de infecciones provenientes de diversas áreas anatómicas provenientes de pacientes que se encuentran internados en el hospital de traumatología y ortopedia IMSS de la Ciudad de Puebla, en el periodo enero 2015 a diciembre 2015. A cada muestra se le realizó un cultivo bacteriológico, así mismo se procedió a la identificación del agente microbiano, y realización de antibiograma. Respecto al cultivo bacteriológico, el microorganismo más aislado fue E. coli con un 23%, seguido de Staphylococcus aureus 17%, Staphylococcus epidermidis 12%, Staphylococcus haemolyticus 9%, Pseudomonas aeruginosa 5%, Klebsiella pneumoniae 5%, Acinetobacter baumanii 5%, Enterobacter cloacae 5%, Enterobacter faecalis 4%, Staphylococcus coagulasa neg. 2%, Streptococcus pyogenes 19%, Morganella morgani 2%, Proteus mirabilis 1%, Pseudomonas sp. y Candida albicans ambas con 0.9%, Serratia marcescens 0.5%, Citrobacter freundii 0.4%. Bacterias de interés clínico ya que estas son causantes de infecciones que complican la salud de los pacientes. El antibiograma fue realizado a los cultivos positivos conforme a las solicitud requisitada, dio como resultado una baja sensibilidad en bacterias tanto grampositivas y gramnegativas, esto demuestra que las bacterias están mostrando resistencia a los antibióticos, debido a la administración y mal manejo de antibióticos de amplio espectro en los pacientes ya que en la mayoría de los casos el médico inicia el tratamiento sin tener un cultivo y antibiograma previo para tener un control de los medicamentos administrados. De acuerdo con los resultados obtenidos, se concluye que los cultivos bacteriológicos nos dieron información importante con respecto a este estudio en cuanto a que la presencia de E. coli nos da a entender que hay malas prácticas de higiene en cuanto a procedimientos médicos y manejo de los pacientes, pero también nos muestra un problema actual el cual es la resistencia de las bacterias a los antibióticos, siendo este un problema urgente que se debe de erradicar con información y buenas prácticas higiénicas.
La inserción de las tic en el proceso de enseñanza y aprendizaje del contexto universitario ecuatoriano
Authors: Bazurto Zoyla Leonor Toala , Sardi Gustavo Adolfo Santana , Vera Kerly Leomar Toala
Published: June 2021

A pesar de que la tecnología ha evolucionado con el pasar del tiempo y, desde que la informática comenzó a introducirse en la educación, muchos docentes no sólo no conocen mucho acerca de las nuevas tecnologías, sino que tampoco saben cómo manejar un computador o navegar en internet con un grado de conocimiento  básico.  Esto  realmente  se  aprende  mientras,    otros  docentes  se  capacitan  para  tener conocimiento aceptable en este campo y dan sus primeros pasos, y otros son además capaces de adquirir distintas  formas  y  emplear  las  herramientas  de  información  de  modo  creativo  y  de  acuerdo  a  sus necesidades y las de sus alumnos. La incorporación de las tecnologías en la educación es un llamado que hace la sociedad y surge de la necesidad cada vez mayor del uso de la información. Se establecen así algunas características resaltantes de las TIC que permiten seleccionarlas como medio de instrucción y hasta en ocasiones como un ambiente ideal para el desarrollo del acto educativo, dependiendo del tipo de tecnología que se utilice. En este documento se establece una serie de puntos en las que se recogen las ventajas y posibilidades que las TIC aportan con su inserción a la formación favoreciendo el aprendizaje independiente, nuevas posibilidades para la orientación y facilitar la formación permanente en el proceso de enseñanza y aprendizaje del contexto universitario ecuatoriano. La técnica utilizada se encuentra enmarcado en una investigación documental, basada en una metodología descriptiva donde el criterio de varios autores se lo utiliza para realizar el contexto de este artículo.
Constelaciones Familiares: ¿Psicoterapia o pseudoterapia? Revisión de la literatura desde la filosofía de la ciencia
Authors: Tapia Cristhian Javier Rivera , Guzmán Álvaro Fabian Auquilla , Trelles Xavier Fabricio Reyes , Martínez Braulio Andrés Elizalde , Fernández Walter Jacinto Portoviejo , Salinas Freddy Alejandro Castro , Suarez Pedro Carlos Martínez
Published: June 2021

La búsqueda de efectividad para los procesos psicoterapéuticos destaca la necesidad de abordar, desde una perspectiva científica, aquellos modelos que se encuentran en el margen de la Psicología. La práctica de constelaciones familiares, impulsada en el trabajo de Bert Hellinger, implica procedimientos a veces asociados a la labor psicoterapéutica. Por esto, resultó pertinente elaborar una revisión crítica de la literatura internacional actualizada de 21 artículos de interés publicados sobre la temática, principalmente aquellos centrados en su procedimiento y efectividad como recurso de curación. La información obtenida fue revisada a través de los postulados ontológicos de la epistemología de Bunge sobre la realidad científica. A partir de las investigaciones, cuantitativas y cualitativas, no se encontraron resultados concluyentes respecto a su efectividad, esto asociado a carencias metodológicas y teóricas, además de evidenciarse conflictos en su relación con la Psicología y Psicoterapia, principalmente en sus supuestas bases de carácter sistémico y fenomenológico.
Electron Swarm Parameters and Dielectric Properties of the Superconducting Binary Mixtures of He-H2
Authors: Othman Mohammad M. , Taha Sherzad A. , Ibrahim Saeed O.
Published: June 2021

In this study, the electron energy distribution function EEDF, the electron swarm parameters, the effective ionization coefficients, and the critical field strength (dielectric strength) in binary He-H2 gas mixture which used as cryogenic for high-temperature superconducting power application, are evaluated by using two-term approximation of the Boltzmann equation over the range of E/N ( the electric field to gas density) from 1 to 100 Td ( 1 Td=10-17 Vcm2) at temperature 77 K and pressure 2MPa, taking into account elastic and inelastic cross-section. Using the calculated EEDF, the electron swarm parameters (electron drift velocity, mean electron energy, diffusion coefficient, electron mobility, ionization and attachment coefficient) are calculated. At low reduced electric field E/N, the EEDF close Maxwellian distribution, at high E/N, due to vibrational excitation of H2 the calculated distribution function is non-Maxwellian. Besides, in the He-H2 mixture, it is found that increasing small amount of H2 enhances to shift the tail of EEDF to the lower energy region, the reduced ionization coefficient α/N. reduced effective ionization coefficient (α-η)/N) decreases, while, reduced attachment coefficient η/N, reduced critical electric field strength (E/N)crt. and critical electric field Ecrt. Increases, because of hydrogen’s large ionization cross-sections. The dielectric strength of 5% H2 in mixture is in good agreement with experimental values, it is found that dielectric strength depend on pressure and temperature. The electron swarm parameters in pure gaseous helium (He) and hydrogen (H2), in satisfying agreement with previous available theoretical and experimental values. The validity of the calculated values has been confirmed by two-term approximation of the Boltzmann equation analysis.
Reforms in Agriculture Sector and Paradigm Move in the Indian Banking towards Agriculture
Authors: Shankar Dr. Uma
Published: June 2021

Indian Banking sector have commitment to contribute loan to the rural India. India filling in populace needs more food to satisfy the need. It is basic since horticultural area has been pushed as auxiliary area as opposed to essential. The elements like branch activities, number of branches in provincial regions, monetary incorporation and its effect, credit deposit ratio, loaning strategies, RBI strategy, sectoral advancement and different elements are broke down with observational proof and measurable importance. Late enactment carries the unrestricted economy to agribusiness and permit privately owned businesses to bring efficiency, work and new innovation to the area. The private area would now be able to put resources into present day farming exchanging stages or set up post-reap offices like distribution centres and cold stockpiles. The government strategies are constraining banks to loan more to the farming sector.
Characteristics and Performance of Polysulfone-Polyvinylpyrrolidone Synthetic Hybrid Membrane in Water Purification System
Authors: Mentali Dayang Nai’mah Salimah Awang , Abdullah Sharifah , Othman Zulhafizal , Jaafar Jurina , Lokman Nurul Fariha
Published: June 2021

Clean water is a fundamental need for human. Whether it is used for recreational purposes, food production, domestic use and drinking, safe and readily available water is important for everyone. Water scarcity is very serious and is one of the most extensive problems affecting people throughout the world. In this study, the emphasis is to fabricate polysulfone-polyvinylpyrrolidone hybrid membrane with different polymer formulation to study the characteristics and morphology in determining the optimum formulation of polysulfone-polyvinylpyrrolidone hybrid membrane. In this study, polysulfone and polyvinylpyrrolidone were used as the polymers and 1-Methyl-2-Pyrrolidone was used as the solvent. The optimum formulation is obtained by conducting the test on the membrane; permeate flux test, salt rejection test and tensile test. The resulted optimum polysulfone-polyvinylpyrrolidone hybrid membrane were undergone two more tests which were Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) and wastewater quality test. These two tests were conducted to measure its ability to filter the wastewater and the pore size of membrane were captured. The optimum Membrane is sample4 which had the highest value of permeate flux with 33.78 L/m2hr, it had removal percentage of 11.76% for salt rejection, decreased 12.42% in conductivity from 3.3 S/m to 2.89 S/m, and it was able to withstand 48 kN/m2 at strain value of 3.6 m/m. The optimum sample 4 has formed a microfiltration membrane with average 3.23 μm pore size which is successfully filter out particles in the wastewater, where it could remove 44.27% turbidity, 23.08% TSS, 14.29% COD, 4.73% TDS, 4.79% conductivity, 4.34% pH and 13.04% colour.
Palm Oil-based Fatty Acid Methyl Ester (FAME) Biodiesel to Meet High Blending Rates in Malaysia
Authors: Subramaniam Mahendran , Sarip Shamsul , Fatah Abdul Yasser Abd. , Kaidi Hazilah Mad
Published: June 2021

Palm oil methyl ester (PME) is a form of fatty acid methyl ester (FAME) which in principle is biodiesel. Malaysia could greatly leverage the abundance of PME sources given its status as a palm oil-producing country. In this paper, palm oil is evaluated for its potential as a biofuel feedstock and its derivatives’ vast use in the domestic market but limited use in other regions. In order to create a growth market of PME, Malaysia has introduced an increase of PME blend component in its nation’s biodiesel use for transport and industrial sectors. A phased increase from 5% to the latest of 20% PME blend in biodiesel certainly has the potential to reduce greenhouse gas emissions, while creating a boost to the local market. However, the government must be careful in managing subsidies of conventional petroleum-based diesel fuel, as this would have an eventual effect on the supply chain of biodiesel in Malaysia. There are limited studies on diesel fuel physicochemical characteristics that are used as base-stock for the biodiesel blend and whether it could be manipulated to maximise yield while maintaining conformance to mandated fuel standards. Multiple relevant research papers were studied of its relevance to PME use as biodiesel FAME to meet high blending rates in Malaysia.
Tree based Machine Learning in Predicting the Price of Green Building
Authors: Masrom Suraya , Mohd Thuraiya , Jamil Nur Syafiqah
Published: June 2021

Researchers and industry players acknowledged that machine learning application is useful in assisting human for solving many kinds of real life problems, including in real estate and property industry. In this paper, we present the empirical steps for implementing machine learning approaches in the prediction of green building price. Green building conserve natural resources and reduce the negative impact of the building development. This paper provides a report from the data collection method, preliminary data analysis with statistical method, and the experimental implementation of the machine learning models from training, validating to testing. The results show that the tree based machine learning produced better performances on the green building properties, which further tested with another five hold-out data. The testing results show that the machine learning with tree based scheme was able to predict the green building price higher than the observed price for the eight out of the ten cases within the acceptable valuation ranges.