bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
PERBANDINGAN MODEL GARCH SIMETRIS DAN ASIMETRIS PADA DATA KURS HARIAN
Authors: Mubarokah Isna Shofia , Fitrianto Anwar , Affendi Farit M
Published: December 2020

ARCH and GARCH models are widely used in financial data to describe its volatility pattern. The models assume the positive and negative return residual gives the same or symmetric influence on its volatility. However, in reality, this assumption is frequently violated, which is called heteroscedasticity. Therefore, to deal with heteroscedasticity and asymmetric data, the asymmetric GARCH models, which are EGARCH and GJR-GARCH models are used. This research aims to compare the models between symmetric and asymmetric GARCH to make financial data modeling. It uses daily data on three foreign exchange rates for IDR including IDR/CNY, IDR/JPY, and IDR/USD. The data series to be used here are from January 4, 2016, to January 20, 2020. This research method is started by selecting the best mean model for each data. Based on the best mean model, then modeling the mean and variance function are simultaneously conducted using the GARCH model. To test whether there was an asymmetric effect on the data, a Lagrange multiplier test was applied on the residuals of the GARCH model. The results show that the asymmetric effect was found in the IDR/CNY and IDR/JPY exchange rates. To overcome this asymmetric effect, EGARCH and GJR-GARCH model were applied to the two exchange rates. Then the two models are compared to find out which volatility model is better. Using AIC and BIC we find EGARCH as the best model for IDR/CNY exchange rates daily return and GJR-GARCH as the best model for IDR/JPY exchange rates daily return.
Dampak Perubahan Struktur Penguasaan Lahan dan Struktur Nafkah Pasca Ekspansi Perkebunan Kelapa Sawit
Authors: Putri Aulia Mutiara Hatia
Published: December 2020

Ekspansi perkebunan kelapa sawit swasta pada penelitian ini dilakukan oleh perusahaan dengan cara mengkonsolidasikan lahan milik masyarakat. Legalitas lahan milik masyarakat tersebut berupa Surat Keterangan Tanah (SKT) dari pemerintah desa. Sehingga pasca konsolidasi lahan terjadi perubahan penguasaan lahan berubah  dari lahan milik pribadi (masyarakat) menjadi lahan yang dikuasai penuh oleh pihak swasta. Lahan ini kemudian beralih menjadi Hak Guna Usaha (HGU) milik perusahaan dengan izin konsesi 30 tahun. Relasi produksi perusahaan-masyarakat direncanakan dilakukan dalam bentuk kemitraan dengan sistem bagi hasil sebesar 65 persen  untuk perusahaan dan 35 persen hasil dari perkebunan untuk masyarakat pemilik lahan. Lokasi penelitian dilakukan di Desa Teritip, Kecamatan Kateman, Kabupaten Indragiri Hilir, Provinsi Riau. Metode yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah metode kuantitatif yang didukung dengan data kualitatif. Teknik pengumpulan data melalui kuesioner untuk mendapatkan data kuantitatif dan wawancara mendalam untuk mendapatkan data kualitatif. Hasil penelitian menujukan bahwa perubahan rezim penguasaan lahan berdampak pada struktur penguasaan lahan dan struktur nafkah rumah tangga. Mata pencaharian masyarakat  kemudian banyak beralih pada sektor non farm.  Sementara pendapatan sektor on farm yang diharapkan masyarakat dari lahan yang dikonsolidasikan kedalam HGU, faktanya belum memberikan kontribusi pendapatan meskipun perkebunan kelapa sawit dari lahan konsolidasi masyarakat tersebut telah berbuah dan sistem kemitraan telah disepakati. Kata Kunci : perubahan rezim kepemilikan, konsolidasi lahan,ekspansi, kelapa sawit, struktur nafkah
HUBUNGAN PERAN PEMIMPIN FORMAL DENGAN PARTISIPASI MASYARAKAT
Authors: Haq Uhad Afras Ilzamil
Published: December 2020

Kepala desa sebagai pemimpin formal memiliki peran penting dalam pembangunan infrastruktur. Tidak itu saja, kepala desa juga memiliki kewenangan untuk memberi pelayanan, meningkatkan peran dan pemberdayaan masyarakat. Semua ini tidak lain bertujuan untuk meningkatan kesejahteraan rakyat. Selanjutnya tingkatan partisipasi merupakan derajat tingkat keterlibatan masyarakat dalam sebuah program. Sehubungan dengan itu, diperlukan keselarasan antara peran kepala desa dengan partisipasi masyarakat agar terciptanya manfaat pembangunan infrastruktur. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk menganalisis peran kepemimpinan formal. Kemudian menganalisis tingkat partisipasi masyarakat dalam pembangunan jalan, dan juga menganalisis hubungan antara peran pemimpin formal dengan partisipasi masyarakat dalam pembangunan. Selanjutnya, metode penelitian yang digunakan adalah metode kuantitatif dengan pendekatan survei. Data dianalisis dengan menggunakan tabel frekuensi dan tabulasi silang, lalu dilakukan uji korelasi Rank Spearman untuk mengetahui hubungan antar variabel
Investigation of the applicability of post-irradiation annealing to reduce the degree of disorder in AlN ceramic to proton irradiation
Authors: Kozlovskiy A.L.
Published: December 2020

The work presents study results of the applicability of high-temperature heat treatment (500-700°C) of nitride ceramics irradiated with protons with an energy of 1.5 MeV and a dose of 10 16 cm−2 . It was found that heat treatment for 60 minutes at a temperature of 700°C allows us to significantly reduce the density of radiation-induced defects and distortions in ceramics structure due to partial annihilation and relaxation of point defects. Dependences of changes in the strength and mechanical characteristics of ceramics on the temperature of post-irradiation annealing are shown. Based on the data obtained, a conclusion was made about prospects of using post-irradiation annealing to maintain the strength of ceramics subjected to loading during operation.
Influence of electrolytic-plasma hardening modes on structure and hardness of 0.34Cr-1Ni-Mo-Fe steel
Authors: Rakhadilov B.K. , Satbayeva Z.A. , Kozhanova R.S. , Baizhan D.R. , Rakhadilov M.K. , Botabayeva G.B.
Published: December 2020

The article presents the results of studying the process of electrolytic-plasma hardening of 0.34Cr-1Ni-Mo-Fe steel by surface hardening, as well as the results of the current-voltage characteristics of the cathodic electrolytic-plasma process depending on the composition of the electrolyte. Temperature-time and special modes of electrolytic-plasma hardening of steel 0.34Cr-1Ni-Mo-Fe were determined. The optimal composition of the electrolyte for electrolytic-plasma hardening has been determined, providing a relatively high heating rate and high hardness of the steel surface. It has been determined that after the electrolytic-plasma hardening, the microhardness of 34KhN1M steel increases 2.9 times due to the formation of fine martensite. In this case, the basis of the material does not change, it consists of a ferrite-pearlite structure.
Effects of Changes of Lake Victoria Water Levels on Land Use Patterns, Covid-19 Pandemic and Food Security in Winam Gulf, Homa-Bay County, Kenya
Authors: J. Otieno, , C. Otieno, A.
Published: December 2020

The study was carried out on the Southern shore of Winam Gulf, Homa Bay County, Kenya. It was aimed at establishing the relationship among changes of Lake Victoria water levels, land use patterns and food security during the COVID-19 pandemic. Empirical studies involving ground point survey was used to determine the extent of spread of the back flow and vertical rise of the lake’s waters from five pier and nine beach survey points between July 2019 to October 2020. In-depth interviews and questionnaires were also used to collect data which were analyzed using descriptive statistics and Likert’s scale. The average variations of the extent of the back flow was approximately 294m while the vertical change in the water levels along the pier points was 1.03m. This led to submergence of the adjacent land use patterns and interfered with food security in the region. Coupled with the impacts of COVID-19 pandemic, majority (209) of the respondents substituted their meals and a quarter (79) of the them reduced their number of meals per day. A strong positive perception on the responses by the Government of Kenya and County Government Homa Bay towards addressing the pandemic with the Likert’s scale summative perception index of 381 very effective, 328 effective and 363 satisfactory were realized. The study recommends: observance and execution of environmental laws governing settlement on riparian lands, proactive compliance with the warnings and advice from the meteorological department, and adoption of alternative land use patterns.
İBNÜ’S-SALÂH’IN FETVA USÛLÜNÜN BAZI TEMEL MESELELERİNE DAİR DEĞERLENDİRMELERİ
Authors: ÇİNAR Fatih
Published: December 2020

Bu makale, İbnü’s-Salâh’ın (ö. 643/1245) fetva usûlünün bazı meselelerine dair görüşlerini ele almaktadır. Makalenin konusu, müftüde bulunması gerekli şartlar, hasletler, fetva vermenin hükmü, fetva vermenin sakıncalı olduğu haller, fetvadan dönme vb. meselelerle sınırlandırılmıştır. Müftü ve müsteftinin/soru soranın fetvada dikkate alacağı âdâp başlıkları kapsam dışında bırakılmıştır. Makalede temel amaç İbnü’s-Salâh’ın zikri geçen konularla ilgili görüşlerinin tespit ve tahlil edilmesidir. Nitel araştırma yönteminin kullanıldığı bu çalışmada İbnü’s-Salâh’ın başta fetva usûlü konulu ve diğer eserleri derinlemesine araştırılmıştır. Ayrıca bunlar yanında konuyla bağlantılı klasik ve muasır eserler de gözden geçirilmiştir. İbnü’s-Salâh, fetva konusunun çok önemli olduğunu belirtmiştir. Fetvanın önemi kadar riskleri de bulunduğunu vurgulamıştır. İbnü’s-Salâh, müftüde aranan şartlar konusunda genel olarak âlimlerin görüşlerine uymuştur. Bununla birlikte müftüde güvenirlilik şartının bulunmasını gerekli görmüş, böylelikle bu hususta pek çok bilginden ayrılmıştır. İlme son derece önem verdiği görülen İbnü’s-Salâh’ın müftüde bulunması gerekli vasıflarda, bilhassa da ictihad konusunda kolaylaştırıcı bir yol izlediği fikrine ulaşılmıştır. İbnü’s-Salâh, müftünün ya müstakil/bağımsız ya da müntesip/bağlı ictihad ehliyetine sahip olmasını şart koşmuştur. Fakat sonraki dönemlerde fetva faaliyetinin müntesip müftülere kaldığını belirtmiştir. Toplamda beş farklı müftü sınıfı belirlemiştir. Ona göre taklid ilim olmadığından mukallid esasında gerçek müftü değildir. Bu sebeple mukallid müftünün verdiği cevap, fetva değildir. İbnü’s-Salâh müftünün ehliyeti bağlamında çeşitli konulara temas etmiştir. Fetva konusunda aceleci olmanın zararları olabileceğine değinmiştir. Bu sebeple müftü soruları cevaplama hususunda titiz davranmalıdır. Özellikle cevap verebilecek ehil başka müftüler bulunduğu takdirde soru soranı onlara yönlendirebilmelidir. Ancak soruları cevaplayacak başka kimse bulunmadığı durumlarda sorumluluktan kaçınmamalıdır. Çünkü fetva vermek ehil müftüye farzdır. Öte yandan İbnü’s-Salâh, kimi uygunsuz hallerde cevap vermenin doğru olmadığını belirtmiştir. Fetva usûlü alanındaki çabaları göz önünde bulundurulduğunda İbnü’s-Salâh’ın pek çok âlimi etkilediği tespit edilmiştir. Bu tesirler sadece kendi mezhebiyle sınırlı kalmamıştır. Neticede fetva usûlü alanında haklı bir şöhrete kavuşmuştur. Bunda günümüze ulaşan ilk bağımsız fetva usûlü eseri olan Edebü’l-müftî ve’l-müsteftî kitabının da etkili olduğu yadsınamaz bir gerçektir. Bu alanda İbnü’s-Salâh’tan çokça alıntı yapılması bu şöhretin göstergelerinden biridir. Değerlendirmeleri dikkate alındığında İbnü’s-Salâh’ın fetva usûlü alanına ciddi manada katkı verdiği söylenebilir. Fıkhın diğer dallarına oranla geç olgunlaştığı görülen fetva usûlü bu katkılar sonucunda oldukça gelişme göstermiştir. Öyle ki zamanla bağımsız eserler çoğalarak bu alanda kayda değer bir literatür oluşmuştur.
Legal Nature of Tax Cases in Turkish Law
Authors: KAPLAN Onur
Published: December 2020

Tax, as a concept, which is money received from individuals based on public power. With the occurrence of the event that causes the tax, a tax liability arises on the taxpayer, and it is possible to collect a certain amount by using public power by the administration. In terms of taxation, which is one of the areas where interference with property rights is the most intense, violation of the rights of individuals may come up in some cases. In other words, administrative authorities can carry out illegal activities by exceeding their superior powers. Therefore, judicial review of administrative acts and actions within the framework of legal rules is important and necessary. As a rule, it can be stated that the lawsuits filed against taxation procedures, as in other administrative acts in Turkish law, are also administrative cases. In this direction, the addressees of the administration's acts and actions may apply to the administrative judiciary with the basic demand of their rights and interests. It is adopted that the settlement of disputes in the way of administrative jurisdiction is settled on a specific case. In this context, there is a separate type of case in the form of tax cases in the administrative jurisdiction, and the legal nature of legal and tax cases has been a debated issue. In this direction, legal examinations of tax cases have been examined.
USING THE HOGAN TEST TO IMPROVE THE PROCESS OF STAFFING OF CORPORATE GOVERNANCE SUBJECTS
Authors: О. KOVALOVA
Published: December 2020

At the enterprises of all forms of ownership and activities, staffing is one of the most important aspects to search, evaluate and attract the necessary quantitative and qualitative composition of employees, in order to conduct intellectual work to achieve the targets in the long term. The Supervisory Board, as a subject of corporate governance, is key to protect and resolve conflicts of interest of stakeholders. That is why, using Hogan’s test as a specific test during the staffing of corporate governance subjects, as an element of improvement, will lead to long-term and continuous development of the enterprise, will help to maintain the confidence of investors, both domestic and foreign, and attract more long-term capital.The purpose of the study is to analyze the concept and components of staffing, to highlight the need and peculiarities of specific testing, namely the use of Hogan’s test to improve the process of staffing of corporate management subjects.Methodology of research: to achieve the set goal in the work were used general scientific and special methods and techniques of research: theoretical generalization, analysis and synthesis; systemic and complex approach; monographic; abstract and logical. The result of scientific work is a theoretical generalization of the concept and components of staffing. It is justified to use Hogan’s test to assess the leadership qualities of an applicant for the position of a member of the supervisory board as a specific test during the staffing of corporate governance subjects. The author’s opinion on the minimum number of points that a candidate for the position of a member of the supervisory board should receive during the Hogan test is formed. Competences have been identified which, according to the Hogan test report, are held by leaders with similar results. Scientific novelty: The necessity and peculiarities of specific testing, namely the use of Hogan’s test to improve the process of staffing of corporate governance subjects, are justified. It is proved that the assessment of leadership qualities of an applicant for the position of a member of the supervisory board with the use of Hogan test improves the 2nd stage of the process of staffing, namely selection, or assessment. The practical significance of the study is to propose the use of the Hogan test to assess the leadership skills of an applicant for the position of a supervisory board member and determine the minimum number of points that an applicant for the position of a supervisory board member should receive during the Hogan test.
VIABILITY OF THE ENTERPRISE: CONCEPT AND SPECIFIC FEATURES
Authors: I. FEDOTOVA  , KUMAR BAHL SANJAY
Published: December 2020

Exercising management of viability of the enterprise is impossible without a clear understanding of the concept “viability of the enterprise”, which fact raises the issue of systematization and generalization of existing scientific approaches, clarifying the content and conditions of using this category. Theoretical studies of existing definitions of this concept showed a relatively small number of works setting out different approaches, views on the essence and definition of the substantive characteristics of the concept “viability of the enterprise”. In solving this problem, the tools of categorical-system methodology and the theory of dynamic information systems are used. The article proposes a new approach to the study of the essential aspects of viability of the enterprise and construction of a conceptual space that describes this phenomenon. To obtain a system of categories which provide a complete and consistent description of the object of study, the categorical method of two-level triadic decryption of the basic concept is used. There are three basic characteristics inherent in the concept “viability of the enterprise”: ability, interaction, result. The article considers the functional features of the proposed characteristics, which reveal these areas for the optimal use of opportunities to ensure the viability of the enterprise. Three basic characteristics were deciphered, each of them is revealed by three concepts, such as: functioning, adaptation, development, time, internal and external environment, efficiency, performance, competitiveness. A two-level triadic decryption of the phenomenon of viability of the enterprise was carried out, whereby its definition was obtained, which enables to determine the nature of this phenomenon more completely and accurately. The results of the study contribute to the formation of a system view on viability of the enterprise in the context of developing a scientific concept of viability of the enterprise.
Efficacy of Top down audits and Community Monitoring
Authors: Afridi Farzana , Dhillon Amrita , Chaudhuri Arka Roy , Kaur Dashleen
Published: December 2020

In this paper we survey the recent literature on top down audits and community monitoring. Whilein the case of top down audits the efficacy of audits depends on the type of punishment- electoral punishmentvs legal punishment, the literature finds that electoral punishment is less effective than legalpunishment. Moreover, electoral punishment depends on whether voters are aware of audit reports.The type of service being audited - the opportunity for corruption and the clarity of rules and regulationseffect the success of audits. However, even when top down audits succeed in cutting down corruption,they may not always lead to better outcomes. Social audits are effective when collective actionproblems are less salient e.g. when groups are homogeneous, when the design is such that communityparticipants feel empowered e.g. through elections to the monitoring committee, information is notuseful by itself unless accompanied by tools to influence outcomes, and finally there is not a clear mapbetween finding corruption and improving ultimate outcomes. We suggest that a fertile area for futureresearch is the design of optimal audit schemes that take account of the opportunities for corruptionand the motivations of both the providers and the auditors.
Probe into the Humanistic Spirit Contained in the Courses of Science and Engineering in Universities
Authors: Miyane Sunmi
Published: December 2020

The mission of higher education is to train senior professionals with a sense of social responsibility, innovative spirit and practical ability. Higher education should regard the effectiveness of moral education as the fundamental standard for testing all work in colleges and universities, adhere to the integration of knowledge transfer and value guidance, and the integration of explicit education and implicit education, and fully explore the humanistic and ideological education resources contained in various courses and teaching methods. In this paper, by incorporating the humanistic spirit into the science and engineering courses, while imparting scientific knowledge, it pays attention to cultivating students’ discipline and collectivism. The teaching effect shows that this teaching method has a certain positive effect on cultivating qualified talents.
Psychiatric Morbidities in Patients With Primary Headache
Authors: Gautam Sanjeev Chandra , Bhattarai Yash , Singh Pradip Man
Published: December 2020

Background:

Headache is a pain that occurs above the eyes or the ears, behind the head in the occiput or the cervical region of neck. A primary headache is a type of headache that is caused by overactivity of the problems with pain-sensitive structures in your head and is not a symptom of an underlying disease condition in a patient. This study highlights on the association of Primary Headaches with psychiatric morbidities and stressful life events that may cause or increase the severity of Primary Headache and its psychiatric co-morbidities.Descriptive, Cross-Sectional, Hospital Based study was done in 75 patients who met the diagnostic criteria for Primary Headache.

 

Results: Patients presenting with primary headache were of the age group 26-30(26.7%) followed by 21-25 and 31-35. 57.3% were female patients and 69.3% were married.  29.3% of the patients were housewives, 25.3% were into service and 21.4% were students. Majority of the patients had literacy upto Bachelors degree (32%). Anxiety and depression were the major diagnosis with 22.3 and 17.4 % respectively, they were also the major co-morbid conditions. Illness in the family and self or family member unemployment were the major stressful life events. There was a significant relation of Psychiatric Morbidity with Primary Headache.

 

Conclusion: Anxiety disorder was the major morbid and comorbid psychiatric condition found in patient with Primary Headache followed by depression. This was seen majorly in female and of the age group 26-30 years of age and the patients who were married. Thus is it is necessary to screen Primary Headaches and reduce the stressful life events in these patients and limit the consequences and outcome of Primary Headache to prosper the health and living standard of the patients and the population as a whole.
Clinical profile of end stage renal disease in patients on maintenance haemodialysis in a tertiary hospital
Authors: Dhungana Durga , Pun Chandra Bahadur , Banstola Bidhya
Published: December 2020

Introduction and Objectives: Chronic kidney disease is an increasing health problem worldwide and the burden of such patients is increasing in developing countries like Nepal as well. The final treatment for End Stage Renal Disease is only renal replacement therapy. The objective was to study the demographic and clinical profile of patients with End Stage Renal Disease undergoing haemodialysis.

Methods: This was a prospective, observational study carried out in a tertiary hospital after obtaining ethical consent from the Institutional Review Board. The study period was from June 1st to August 31st, 2019. Thirty seven patients, older than 15 years who were on maintenance haemodialysis on regular basis in the hospital for at least 3 months were selected for the study. Patient’s records were used for the data collection as well as direct questionnaire to the patients on follow up for routine haemodialysis. Data were entered into Statistical Package for the Social Sciences 21 and descriptive analysis was done.

Results: Twenty-six patients were under 50 years with male: female ratio of 1.64:1. Mean duration of haemodialysis of patients was 3.82 years. Most common cause for end stage renal disease was hypertension followed by idiopathic cause. Anaemia and hypocalcaemia were found to be the common complications associated with the patients.

Conclusions: Prevention and early treatment may be the key to decrease the incidence of chronic kidney disease patients and also halt the progression to End stage renal disease.
День рождения – грустный праздник? К 70-летию Европейской конвенции о защите прав человека
Authors: Александренко Т. Г.
Published: December 2020

В статье рассматривается проблема развития многостороннего диалога в рамках международных организаций на фоне крайне острой политизации современной повестки дня межгосударственных институтов. На примере деятельности Совета Европы ставится вопрос о реальной возможности продвижения равноправного сотрудничества в целях объединения европейских стран и построения единого правового и гуманитарного пространства
Цифровое сельское хозяйство и мировая продовольственная безопасность
Authors: Инин Чэн
Published: December 2020

Продовольственная безопасность является глобальной проблемой, особенно в условиях нынешней эпидемии, которая свирепствует в мире. Поскольку число людей, зараженных новым коронавирусом, в мире достигает 10 млн., глобальный продовольственный кризис неизбежен. Ключом к решению проблемы продовольственной безопасности остается обеспечение безопасности производства растущего количества сел ьскохозяйственной продукции, обеспечение безопасности транспортировки и хранения. В условиях быстрого развития цифровой экономики необходимо объединить сельское хозяйство с цифровизацией, создать информационную базу данных по сельскому хозяйству, использовать цифровые методы, в том числе для эффективного предотвращения рисков стихийных бедствий, минимизировать потери, снизить производственные затраты и так далее. Продовольственная помощь не может кардинально решить проблему продовольственной безопасности, особенно в тех странах, уровень развития сельского хозяйства в которых остается невысоким: этим странам и регионам необходимо цифровое сельское хозяйство, чтобы противостоять рискам и обеспечить население продовольствием. Только таким образом мы можем достичь точного (координатного) земледелия, сформировать «умное» сельское хозяйство и достичь цели нулевого голода в кратчайшие сроки.
Analysis of Deformation of Float Glass with Heat Treatment in Vehicle Windshield Applications
Authors: Julianto Eko , Sunaryo Sunaryo , Lopo Elkana Bilak
Published: December 2020

The purpose of this study was to determine the shape change characteristics of float sheet glass using heat treatment experiments on its surface. This involved the use of a float glass type with a thickness of 5 mm, a width of 840 mm, and length of 1350 mm as the test specimen and the heat transfer experiments and treatment were conducted through conduction with the heat distribution recorded to be between 34 °C and 600 °C at every 5 minutes within 60 minutes in a heating furnace. The analysis focused on the characteristics of the glass surface exposed to fire with emphasis placed on the temperature during the deflection changes in the entire glass surface, the dimensional changes at the edges of the glass which follow the glass printing pattern, and the changes in temperature on the upper and lower surfaces of the curved glass mold. The results showed the existence of a very clear change in each temperature or conduction heat when the shape of the glass is changed to curve with the ideal shape observed to have changed at a temperature of 482.50 °C. Moreover, dimensional changes were 1.0427 m2 and the variations in the temperature were 107.55 °C and the continuous increase in the heat was to have led to a faster change in the glass shape by 11.2°. This, therefore, means a higher temperature or room temperature affects the firing rate of glass bending and also increases the rate of heat absorption.
Robot-assisted stereotactic biopsy of pediatric brainstem and thalamic lesions
Authors: Gupta Mihir , Chan Tiffany M. , Santiago-Dieppa David R. , Yekula Anudeep , Sanchez Carlos E. , Elster Jennifer D. , Crawford John R. , Levy Michael L. , Gonda David D.
Published: December 2020

OBJECTIVE

Biopsies of tumors located in deep midline structures require highly accurate stereotaxy to safely obtain lesional tissue suitable for molecular and histological analysis. Versatile platforms are needed to meet a broad range of technical requirements and surgeon preferences. The authors present their institutional experience with the robotic stereotactic assistance (ROSA) system in a series of robot-assisted biopsies of pediatric brainstem and thalamic tumors.

METHODS

A retrospective analysis was performed of 22 consecutive patients who underwent 23 stereotactic biopsies of brainstem or thalamic lesions using the ROSA platform at Rady Children’s Hospital in San Diego between December 2015 and January 2020.

RESULTS

The ROSA platform enabled rapid acquisition of lesional tissue across various combinations of approaches, registration techniques, and positioning. No permanent deficits, major adverse outcomes, or deaths were encountered. One patient experienced temporary cranial neuropathy, and 3 developed small asymptomatic hematomas. The diagnostic success rate of the ROSA system was 91.3%.

CONCLUSIONS

Robot-assisted stereotactic biopsy of these lesions may be safely performed using the ROSA platform. This experience comprises the largest clinical series to date dedicated to robot-assisted biopsies of brainstem and diencephalic tumors.
KEMAN VERNİKLEME GELENEĞİNDE SOLMAZ BİR RENK ELDE ETME YÖNTEMİ: ÇÖKELTME ve RUBIA TINCTORIUM
Authors: KÜÇÜKEBE Murat
Published: December 2020

Endüstriyel üretim ürünü olan boya maddelerinin 1856 yılında (Genç, 2014, s. 174) ortaya çıkışı ve kullanımlarının yaygınlaşması öncesinde doğal renklendiriciler, uzunca bir süre boyunca el sanatları içerisinde yer alan ustalarca aynı ihtiyaç için başvurulan yegâne malzemelerdi. Ne var ki taş devrinden 19. yy. sonuna kadar kullanılmış olan ve antik çağda altın kadar değer gören, Mısır çivi yazıtlarında kullanımlarına ilişkin detaylı tarifler bulunan bu malzemelerin, sentetik ürünlerin bulunuşundan sonra önemlerini ve eski kullanım yaygınlıklarını yitirdikleri bilinmektedir (Erkan, vd., 2010, s. 2). Doğal boyacılıkta, hemen hemen bütün renkleri veren hayvansal ve bitkisel kaynaklar bulunurken bitkilerin bazılarının tüm bölümleri, bazılarının ise kökü, yaprağı, yumru kabuğu, gövde kabuğu, dalları, ya da toprak altı sürgünleri kullanılmaktadır (Şanlı, 2017, s. 772). Bunlardan biri olarak rubia tinctorium, toprak altı sürgünleri, yaygın şekilde özel bir kırmızı renk elde etmek üzere geçmişte sıklıkla kullanılmış olan, bitkisel bir renk kaynağı olarak öne çıkmaktadır. Bu makalede amaç, Avrupa’da İtalyan keman vernikleme geleneğinde endüstriyel renklendirme ürünlerinin ortaya çıkışı ve yaygınlaşmasına kadar önemli bir boyar madde olarak kullanıldığı bilinen rubia tinctoriumdan elde edilerek, Anadolu’da mordanlama olarak da adlandırılan yöntemle benzerlik gösteren özel bir çökeltme işlemi aracılığıyla kalıcı/solmaz özellik kazandırılan kırmızı renkli bir pigmentin elde edilişine yönelik uygulama adımlarının, uygulamalı organoloji literatürüne katkı sunma amacıyla paylaşılmasıdır.
Behavioral Deficits and Brain α-Synuclein and Phosphorylated Serine-129 α-Synuclein in Male and Female Mice Overexpressing Human α-Synuclein
Authors: Gabrielyan Lilit , Liang Honghui , Minalyan Artem , Hatami Asa , John Varghese , Wang Lixin
Published: December 2020

Background: Alpha-synuclein (α-syn) is involved in pathology of Parkinson’s disease, and 90% of α-syn in Lewy bodies is phosphorylated at serine 129 (pS129 α-syn). Objective: To assess behavior impairments and brain levels of α-syn and pS129 α-syn in mice overexpressing human α-syn under Thy1 promoter (Thy1-α-syn) and wild type (wt) littermates. Methods: Motor and non-motor behaviors were monitored, brain human α-syn levels measured by ELISA, and α-syn and pS129 α-syn mapped by immunohistochemistry. Results: Male and female wt littermates did not show differences in the behavioral tests. Male Thy1-α-syn mice displayed more severe impairments than female counterparts in cotton nesting, pole tests, adhesive removal, finding buried food, and marble burying. Concentrations of human α-syn in the olfactory regions, cortex, nigrostriatal system, and dorsal medulla were significantly increased in Thy1-α-syn mice, higher in males than females. Immunoreactivity of α-syn was not simply increased in Thy1-α-syn mice but had altered localization in somas and fibers in a few brain areas. Abundant pS129 α-syn existed in many brain areas of Thy1-α-syn mice, while there was none or only a small amount in a few brain regions of wt mice. The substantia nigra, olfactory regions, amygdala, lateral parabrachial nucleus, and dorsal vagal complex displayed different distribution patterns between wt and transgenic mice, but not between sexes. Conclusion: The severer abnormal behaviors in male than female Thy1-α-syn mice may be related to higher brain levels of human α-syn, in the absence of sex differences in the altered brain immunoreactivity patterns of α-syn and pS129 α-syn.
The effectiveness of cognitive behaviour therapy for reducing anxiety symptoms following traumatic brain injury: A meta-analysis and systematic review
Authors: Little Alice , Byrne Christopher , Coetzer Rudi
Published: December 2020

BACKGROUND: Anxiety is a common neuropsychological sequela following traumatic brain injury (TBI). Cognitive Behaviour Therapy (CBT) is a recommended, first-line intervention for anxiety disorders in the non-TBI clinical population, however its effectiveness after TBI remains unclear and findings are inconsistent. OBJECTIVE: There are no current meta-analyses exploring the efficacy of CBT as an intervention for anxiety symptoms following TBI, using controlled trials. The aim of the current study, therefore, was to systematically review and synthesize the evidence from controlled trials for the effectiveness of CBT for anxiety, specifically within the TBI population. METHOD: Three electronic databases (Web of Science, PubMed and PsycInfo) were searched and a systematic review of intervention studies utilising CBT and anxiety related outcome measures in a TBI population was performed through searching three electronic databases. Studies were further evaluated for quality of evidence based on Reichow’s (2011) quality appraisal tool. Baseline and outcome data were extracted from the 10 controlled trials that met the inclusion criteria, and effect sizes were calculated. RESULTS: A random effects meta-analysis identified a small overall effect size (Cohen’s d) of d = –0.26 (95%CI –0.41 to –0.11) of CBT interventions reducing anxiety symptoms following TBI. CONCLUSIONS: This meta-analysis tentatively supports the view that CBT interventions may be effective in reducing anxiety symptoms in some patients following TBI, however the effect sizes are smaller than those reported for non-TBI clinical populations. Clinical implications and limitations of the current meta-analysis are discussed.
Future of statistics for Africa: Statistics that leave no one behind, the example of making birth registration in Nigeria more inclusive
Authors: Oladiji Sharon
Published: December 2020

The RapidSMS is an online database system which was introduced in Nigeria in 2011 as an open source software tool for monitoring birth registration process. The innovation allows real-time tracking of the local government and regional birth registration activities with the core machinery being registration at the local levels. Birth registrars are reporting aggregated numbers and registration disaggregated in four age groups [Formula: see text] 1, 1–4, 5–9, 10–17 by sex, geographical location and by registration centre. The center-by-center data collection mechanism reflects the children’s population data indicating where birth registration coverage varies substantially between states and in some cases between local government/community setting. The dashboard is helping to identify where non-registered children likely account for some of the most excluded and vulnerable children in Nigerian communities and where rates are often lowest for such children.

These statistics are mostly found in rural areas, from poor families and with parents who have minimal or no formal education. The innovation (with its functionality improved on consistent basis) is helping to identify disparities in service delivery and facilitating prompt, evidence-based responses to areas where birth registration levels are low. It is assisting with tracking the trend of registration that will help the country reach the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) – birth registration-goal 16.9 by 2030. Specific focus is on how the dashboard is helping to improve data acquisition and analysis including registration coverage and not just registration events. The write up further explores how the RapidSMS is providing a platform for real-time analysis of decentralized birth registration data as an essential information for understanding efficient service delivery, improved local level registration and developing specific solutions where state level analysis and solutions are often too broad.
Aplikasi Zoom pada Pelatihan Kepemimpinan Administrator
Authors: Utama Atpriatna
Published: December 2020

The pandemic forced all training activities to become disrupted, the way that is commonly done with zoom application technology. The purpose of this study is to provide an argument that occurs in an administrator leadership training in 2020 during a pandemic with a zoom facility. A descriptive qualitative method with questionnaires to participants with a google form, and analyzed with a google sheet, analyzing the results of interviews and participatory observation. Based on the results of the analysis, it is known that the zoom-in participants who are in the category x generation experiences boredom, and claims that the ideal zoom time of 1-3 hours is 69.7%. And as many as 31.3% claims to be more than 3 hours, with the zoom condition is not monotonous. The results of this study are only limited to the operational aspects of zoom, there are other possible aspects to provide better outcomes for Administrator Leadership Training.
电网智能技术在煤矿供电系统中的应用
Authors: 蔡 生宝
Published: December 2020

在现阶段，我们国家的煤矿行业呈现出较快的发展趋势，煤矿供电系统也更为成熟，然而供电性能依然是需要进一步提升的。采矿设备的负荷不是十分稳定，而且供电系统电压呈现出较大的波动，这就导致故障的发生频率明显增加。国内的煤炭生产呈现出较高的信息化水平，对供电安全的重视程度也大幅提高，供电系统、用电设备必须要强化管理，并要按照更高要求予以保护。而要实现这个目标，就要针对供电系统展开全面评估，寻找到存在的问题，在此基础上提出切实可行的应对之策。
四川广安市大安石盐矿地质特征与资源潜力
Authors: 房 晓龙
Published: December 2020

广安-南充盐盆是目前四川已知的最大的三叠系盐盆，大安石盐矿区正位于该盐盆的东南部，有较好的古构造和古地理条件。通过本次勘查工作发现，大安盐矿含盐系地层为三叠系中统雷口坡组三段二亚段（T2l3-2），矿层形态简单，呈层状、似层状，局部略有分叉现象。共揭露石盐矿层2层，划分为上矿层与下矿层，较稳定。基本以块状石盐矿为主，其它矿石类型零星出现。另外采用平面地质块段法进行估算，该矿区矿石资源量(331)+(333)共计109260.8万吨，NaCl资源量(331) +(333)共计100780.5万吨。按探矿权人拟定的用盐需求量推测，可供开采90年。
建设项目工程造价全过程管理的重点及对策分析
Authors: 仇 爱亮
Published: December 2020

近年来，在多方面利好因素的影响下，使得我国综合国力得到了全面的提升，从而为建筑工程行业的发展壮大带来了良好的机遇。在建筑工程项目中，建设项目工程造价是整个工程经济以及专业性的集中体现。针对工程造价实施控制工作，其主要作用就是针对工程设计、分包、施工以及结算等工序进行造价控制，从根本上确保工程造价的合理性和切实性，从而推动整个建筑项目经济效益的不断提升。就现如今实际情况来说，建筑工程造价控制工作整体水平还没有达到完善的状态，其中还存在诸多的问题需要我们加以切实的解决。鉴于此，这篇文章主要针对建筑项目工程造价全过程管理工作展开深入的分析研究，希望能够对我国建筑工程行业的稳定健康发展有所帮助。
建筑工程地基基础检测的重要性和关键技术探讨
Authors: 姚 佳巍
Published: December 2020

近年来，在多方面利好因素的带动下，使得我国综合国力得到了显著的提升，从而有效的推动了社会经济水平的提高，促进了民众生活水平的提高，在这种形势下人们对于生活环境提出了更高的要求。就建筑工程项目来说，工程施工持续实践较长，并且对于施工各方面要求相对较高，地基结构在建筑工程结构中具有非常重要的影响作用，其与建筑工程结构稳定性存在直接的关联，所以建筑施工单位务必要对建筑工程地基结构施工质量加以保证，切实的实施地基基础检测工作，保证工程施工质量和效率。
建筑工程质量检测中的混凝土检测技术解析
Authors: 张 驰
Published: December 2020

为确保工程施工质量，应重视施工质量控制技术，强化质量管理。实际上，为了发现施工过程中可能出现的问题，工程测试主要是基于对施工项目数据的综合评价进行的。在此基础上，项目管理人员采取了合理、有效的措施，保证了工程建设质量。关于建筑工程质量，文章就与技术检验相关的建筑工程质量控制进行分析和论述。分析建筑存在的问题，解决建筑质量问题，从而实现工程项目建设的良好效益。
四川大安石盐矿区矿床开采技术条件浅析
Authors: 房 晓龙
Published: December 2020

大安石盐矿区位于广安-南充盐盆的东南部，有较好的古构造和古地理条件。含盐系地层为三叠系中统雷口坡组三段二亚段（T2l3-2），矿体埋深2471m以下，共揭露石盐矿层2层，平均厚度127.47m。共提交NaCl资源量(331) +(333)共计10.078亿吨，其中探明的内蕴经济资源量(331)为4.47亿吨。本矿床具备比较好的开采技术条件，岩盐矿质量较好，单矿层厚度较大，埋藏深度适宜，适合进行钻井水溶法开采。
环境保护中水污染处理技术及其再生利用措施
Authors: 王 伟光
Published: December 2020

在社会快速发展的影响下，使得各个领域都得到了显著的进步，有效的推动了化工产业的发展壮大，与此同时也使得大量的人工合成有机物被研发出来，这些物质往往会通过各种途径渗入到水资源系统之中，从而会导致环境污染的情况发生。近几年我国相关行政机构针对我国多个城市的二百多个饮水源进行了有机污染物的监测工作，最终检测出了大约一百三十多种有机污染物，并且其中大约一百种都是需要侧重加以控制的重度污染物质。在这种形势下，我们需要在实施环境保护工作的时候，对工业污水的排放管理加以重点关注。
依托“智能+”打造国内超长工作面开采示范新标杆
Authors: 伊 春 , 李 华玉 , 李 伟
Published: December 2020

建筑工程管理过程中施工技术资料管理工作起到了重要的作用，其可以记录施工过程中的重要信息，利用文字形式、影像资料反映施工过程中的情况。工程施工技术资料的管理内容相对较多，这样在一定程度上也增加了管理难度，因此应重点关注此项工作。只有保证施工技术资料的完整性才能保证工程施工顺利开展，同时可以利用有效的施工技术资料进行施工管理、后期运维检查等。施工技术资料是建筑工程管理工作中的重点，因此应给予更多的关注。现阶段在进行施工技术资料管理过程中还存在一些问题，所以应对这些问题进行分析，并找到有效的解决对策，实现工程资料管理规范化，促进建筑工程行业发展。
装配式建筑施工技术在建筑工程施工管理中的应用探究
Authors: 李 振国
Published: December 2020

在多方面利好因素的影响下，使得我国建筑工程行业得到了良好的发展壮大，从而使得大量的新型建筑施工模式被人们研发出来，在实践运用过程中取得了良好的效果。其中预支装配式建筑就是一种最为先进的建筑结构模式，采用装配式建筑施工技术能够有效的提升工程施工的效率和质量，并且还具有良好的环保作用。但是因为在实施装配式建筑施工工作的过程中，往往会遇到外界多方面因素的影响，所以极易导致施工质量问题的发生。如果不能将这类问题加以切实的解决，那么必然会对整个建筑工程施工质量造成严重的损害，并且也会对整个建筑工程行业的持续发展形成一定的阻碍。鉴于此，这篇文章主要围绕装配式建筑施工技术在建筑工程施工管理工作中的运用展开全面深入的研究分析，希望能够对我国建筑工程行业的稳步健康发展起到积极的影响作用。
市政道路桥梁工程的施工管理策略
Authors: 何 青骏
Published: December 2020

城市工程包括城市道路工程、城市桥梁工程、城市轨道交通工程、城市供水工程、城市管道工程和家庭垃圾处理工程。城市道路和桥梁工程包括城市建设过程中的许多建筑，包括城市道路工程、供水和排水、城市桥梁工程等，它直接影响人们的日常生活和工作，也是城市综合外部力量的写照。城市道路和桥梁工程施工控制是城市道路和桥梁工程场地的具体控制，是控制建筑组织设计与场地关系的一种体现。市政道路桥梁工程施工管理工作的效率和效果往往与工程施工质量存在一定的关联，所以只有在充分结合各方面实际情况的基础上，制定切实可行的施工管理方案才能保证管理工作能够发挥出良好的作用，从根本上对市政道路桥梁工程质量加以保证。
The Role of Tungku Tigo Sajarangan in The Community Development Planning of Minangkabau, Indonesia
Authors: Ardieansyah Ardieansyah , Meiyenti Ira , Mulya Nalien Elvira , Sentosa Ilham
Published: December 2020

Tungku Tigo Sajarangan holds a vital role in the deliberation process of the development in the Minangkabau community, regardless of the lack of synergy. This study aims to analyze and describe the position of this customary institution in the development planning of Bukik Batabuah Nagari in Candung District, Agam Regency, West Sumatra Province. The qualitative methods used in the data collection were semi-structured interview techniques comprising 20 informants, as well as field observations and documentation. Subsequently, the results showed that there was synergy from the perspective of individual and behavioral dimensions. Although this synergy was not observed from the position dimension, especially the Cadiak Pandai element, it can still be overcome by mutual control.  Concerning the dimensions of the relationship with other parties, Tungku Tigo Sajarangan remains active and participates in providing recommendations and opinions. This activity was observed even though no village regulation came from the Bamus Nagari initiative in implementing the village administration. Consequently, it was concluded that Tungku Tigo Sajarangan has played an active role in the planning process for the development of Bukik Batabuah Nagari. Also, the research recommended that the leadership system should act as a civil society to participate consistently and supervise the policies of the Bukik Batabuah Nagari government, with good synergy and coordination between all related elements.
The m6A RNA Demethylase ALKBH5 Promotes Radioresistance and Invasion Capability of Glioma Stem Cells
Authors: Kowalski-Chauvel Aline , Lacore Marie Géraldine , Arnauduc Florent , Delmas Caroline , Toulas Christine , Cohen-Jonathan-Moyal Elizabeth , Seva Catherine
Published: December 2020

Recurrence of GBM is thought to be due to GBMSCs, which are particularly chemo-radioresistant and characterized by a high capacity to invade normal brain. Evidence is emerging that modulation of m6A RNA methylation plays an important role in tumor progression. However, the impact of this mRNA modification in GBM is poorly studied. We used patient-derived GBMSCs to demonstrate that high expression of the RNA demethylase, ALKBH5, increases radioresistance by regulating homologous recombination (HR). In cells downregulated for ALKBH5, we observed a decrease in GBMSC survival after irradiation likely due to a defect in DNA-damage repair. Indeed, we observed a decrease in the expression of several genes involved in the HR, including CHK1 and RAD51, as well as a persistence of γ-H2AX staining after IR. We also demonstrated in this study that ALKBH5 contributes to the aggressiveness of GBM by favoring the invasion of GBMSCs. Indeed, GBMSCs deficient for ALKBH5 exhibited a significant reduced invasion capability relative to control cells. Our data suggest that ALKBH5 is an attractive therapeutic target to overcome radioresistance and invasiveness of GBMSCs.
Distinct p63 and p73 Protein Interactions Predict Specific Functions in mRNA Splicing and Polyploidy Control in Epithelia
Authors: Rozenberg Julian M. , Rogovaya Olga S. , Melino Gerry , Barlev Nickolai A. , Kagansky Alexander
Published: December 2020

Epithelial organs are the first barrier against microorganisms and genotoxic stress, in which the p53 family members p63 and p73 have both overlapping and distinct functions. Intriguingly, p73 displays a very specific localization to basal epithelial cells in human tissues, while p63 is expressed in both basal and differentiated cells. Here, we analyse systematically the literature describing p63 and p73 protein–protein interactions to reveal distinct functions underlying the aforementioned distribution. We have found that p73 and p63 cooperate in the genome stability surveillance in proliferating cells; p73 specific interactors contribute to the transcriptional repression, anaphase promoting complex and spindle assembly checkpoint, whereas p63 specific interactors play roles in the regulation of mRNA processing and splicing in both proliferating and differentiated cells. Our analysis reveals the diversification of the RNA and DNA specific functions within the p53 family.
Pathological Maintenance and Evolution of Breast Cancer: The Convergence of Irreversible Biological Actions of ER Alpha
Authors: Leclercq Guy
Published: December 2020

Estrogen receptor alpha (ERα) is a modulator of breast cancer maintenance and evolution. Hence, analysis of underlying mechanisms by which ERα operates is of importance for the improvement of the hormonal therapy of the disease. This review focuses on the irreversible character of the mechanism of action of ERα, which also concerns other members of the steroid hormones receptors family. ERα moves in permanence between targets localized especially at the chromatin level to accomplish gene transcriptions imposed by the estrogenic ligands and specific antagonists. Receptor association as at the plasma membrane, where it interacts with other recruitment sites, extends its regulatory potency to growth factors and related peptides through activation of signal transductions pathways. If the latter procedure is suitable for the transcriptions in which the receptor operates as a coregulator of another transcription factor, it is of marginal influence with regard to the direct estrogenic regulation procedure, especially in the context of the present review. Irreversibility of the successive steps of the underlying transcription cycle guarantees maintenance of homeostasis and evolution according to vital necessities. To justify this statement, reported data are essentially described in a holistic view rather than in the context of exhaustive analysis of a molecular event contributing to a specific function as well as in a complementary perspective to elaborate new therapeutic approaches with antagonistic potencies against those tumors promoting ERα properties.
RNA Secondary Structures with Limited Base Pair Span: Exact Backtracking and an Application
Authors: Lorenz Ronny , Stadler Peter F.
Published: December 2020

The accuracy of RNA secondary structure prediction decreases with the span of a base pair, i.e., the number of nucleotides that it encloses. The dynamic programming algorithms for RNA folding can be easily specialized in order to consider only base pairs with a limited span L, reducing the memory requirements to O(nL), and further to O(n) by interleaving backtracking. However, the latter is an approximation that precludes the retrieval of the globally optimal structure. So far, the ViennaRNA package therefore does not provide a tool for computing optimal, span-restricted minimum energy structure. Here, we report on an efficient backtracking algorithm that reconstructs the globally optimal structure from the locally optimal fragments that are produced by the interleaved backtracking implemented in RNALfold. An implementation is integrated into the ViennaRNA package. The forward and the backtracking recursions of RNALfold are both easily constrained to structural components with a sufficiently negative z-scores. This provides a convenient method in order to identify hyper-stable structural elements. A screen of the C. elegans genome shows that such features are more abundant in real genomic sequences when compared to a di-nucleotide shuffled background model.