bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Internal Versus External Fixation of Charcot Midfoot Deformity Realignment
Authors: Lee Daniel J. , Schaffer Joseph , Chen Tien , Oh Irvin
Published: June 2016

Internal and external fixation techniques have been described for realignment and arthrodesis of Charcot midfoot deformity. There currently is no consensus on the optimal method of surgical reconstruction. This systematic review compared the clinical results of surgical realignment with internal and external fixation, specifically in regard to return to functional ambulation, ulcer occurrence, nonunion, extremity amputation, unplanned further surgery, deep infection, wound healing problems, peri- or intraoperative fractures, and total cases with any complication. A search of multiple databases for all relevant articles published from January 1, 1990, to March 22, 2014, was performed. A logistic regression model evaluated each of the outcomes and its association with the type of fixation method. The odds of returning to functional ambulation were 25% higher for internal fixation (odds ratio [OR], 1.259). Internal fixation had a 42% reduced rate of ulcer occurrence (OR, 0.578). External fixation was 8 times more likely to develop radiographic nonunion than internal fixation (OR, 8.2). Internal fixation resulted in a 1.5-fold increase in extremity amputation (OR, 1.488), a 2-fold increase in deep infection (OR, 2.068), a 3.4-fold increase in wound healing complications (OR, 3.405), and a 1.5-fold increase in the total number of cases experiencing any complication (OR, 1.525). This was associated with a 20% increase in the need for unplanned further surgery with internal fixation (OR, 1.221). Although internal fixation may decrease the risk of nonunion and increase return to functional ambulation, it had a higher rate of overall complications than external fixation for realignment and arthrodesis of Charcot midfoot deformity. [
Orthopedics.
2016; 39(4):e595–e601.]
Sutureless Lamellar Corneoscleral Patch Graft With Fibrin Sealant for Limbal Dermoid Removal
Authors: Zhou Andrew Xingyu , Ambati Balamurali Krishna
Published: June 2016

A 2-year-old boy with Goldenhar syndrome had a limbal dermoid removed and covered with a lamellar corneoscleral patch graft that was attached with fibrin glue and no sutures. The graft healed and attached well. A sutureless technique is beneficial due to decreased scarring and chance of infection.

[
J Pediatr Ophthalmol Strabismus
. 2016;53:e22–e25.]
Effects of Head-Mounted Display on the Oculomotor System and Refractive Error in Normal Adolescents
Authors: Ha Suk-Gyu , Na Kun-Hoo , Kweon Il-Joo , Suh Young-Woo , Kim Seung-Hyun
Published: June 2016

Purpose:

To investigate the clinical effects of head-mounted display on the refractive error and oculomotor system in normal adolescents.

Methods:

Sixty volunteers (age: 13 to 18 years) watched a three-dimensional movie and virtual reality application of head-mounted display for 30 minutes. The refractive error (diopters [D]), angle of deviation (prism diopters [PD]) at distance (6 m) and near (33 cm), near point of accommodation, and stereoacuity were measured before, immediately after, and 10 minutes after watching the head-mounted display. The refractive error was presented as spherical equivalent (SE). Refractive error was measured repeatedly after every 10 minutes when a myopic shift greater than 0.15 D was observed after watching the head-mounted display.

Results:

The mean age of the participants was 14.7 ± 1.3 years and the mean SE before watching head-mounted display was −3.1 ± 2.6 D. One participant in the virtual reality application group was excluded due to motion sickness and nausea. After 30 minutes of watching the head-mounted display, the SE, near point of accommodation, and stereoacuity in both eyes did not change significantly (all
P
> .05). Immediately after watching the head-mounted display, esophoric shift was observed (0.6 ± 1.5 to 0.2 ± 1.5 PD), although it was not significant (
P
= .06). Transient myopic shifts of 17.2% to 30% were observed immediately after watching the head-mounted display in both groups, but recovered fully within 40 minutes after watching the head-mounted display.

Conclusions:

There were no significant clinical effects of watching head-mounted display for 30 minutes on the normal adolescent eye. Transient changes in refractive error and binocular alignment were noted, but were not significant.

[
J Pediatr Ophthalmol Strabismus
. 2016;53(4):238–245.]
Safety and Long-term Outcomes of Congenital Ptosis Surgery: A Population-Based Study
Authors: Mokhtarzadeh Ali , Bradley Elizabeth A.
Published: June 2016

Purpose:

To report the long-term outcomes of childhood ptosis surgery in a population-based setting over a 46-year period.

Methods:

In this population-based cohort study, the medical records of all patients who were residents of Olmsted County, Minnesota, diagnosed as having blepharoptosis and having undergone surgical management prior to 19 years of age (between January 1, 1965, and December 31, 2010), were retrospectively reviewed. Age at time of surgery, type of surgery, duration of follow-up, number and nature of revisions, degree of amblyopia, and postoperative lagophthalmos and dry eye were documented.

Results:

Forty-seven children meeting inclusion criteria underwent ptosis surgery. The median age at time of first surgery was 5.6 years (range: 1.5 to 17.7 years). Fifteen of 47 (31.9%) patients required a second procedure. Three of 47 (6.4%) patients underwent three procedures. The median time was 1.1 years (range: 0.03 to 7.8 years) between the first and second surgery and 6.0 years (range: 0.3 to 6.1 years) between the second and third procedure. Seven of 47 (14.9%) patients had amblyopia. Nineteen of 47 (40.4%) patients were noted to have lagophthalmos and 3 of 47 (6.4%) presented for symptomatic dry eye postoperatively.

Conclusions:

In this population-based setting, more than half of the children with ptosis required only a single surgical procedure, although a significant proportion required two procedures. Postoperative lagophthalmos is common, but symptomatic dry eye is rare.

[
J Pediatr Ophthalmol Strabismus
. 2016;53(4):212–217.]
Leakage Minimization in CMOS VLSI Circuits
Authors: Chaudhury Saurabh , Lorenzo Rohit
Published: June 2016

Ever increasing demand for portable and battery-operated systems has lead to aggressive scaling. While technology scaling facilitates faster and high performance devices, at the same time it causes excessive power dissipation. Leakage power dissipation is now a dominating component of total power consumption in such portable devices. So there is a tremendous need to limit the power dissipation in high density chips which has initiated many innovative techniques to develop in the design of low power circuits and systems. Today's nano-scaled VLSI chips have ultra-thin gate oxide, very low threshold voltage and having short channels. As such leakage power dissipation has emerged as the most challenging issue in VLSI circuit and systems. This Chapter review and compare the state of the art circuit techniques for leakage minimization. It also conceptually classifies the different techniques of leakage minimization. Moreover, a detailed comparison based on trading-offs with other design parameters is also given along with leakage minimization.
The Design of Ultra Low Power RF CMOS LNA in Nanometer Technology
Authors: Kavyashree P.  , Yellampalli Siva S.
Published: June 2016

In this chapter, an ultra low power CMOS Common Gate LNA (CGLNA) with a Capacitive Cross-Coupled (CCC) gm boosting scheme is designed and analysed. The technique described has been employed in literature to reduce the Noise Figure (NF) and power dissipation. In this work we have extended the concept for low voltage operation along with improving NF and also for significant reduction in current consumption. A gm boosted CCC-CGLNA is implemented in 90nm CMOS technology. It has a gain of 9.9dB and a noise figure of 0.87dB at 2.4GHz ISM band and consumes less power (0.5mw) from 0.6V supply voltage. The designed gm boosted CCC-CGLNA is suitable for low power application in CMOS technologies.
Case Study
Authors: Lopez Martha Salome
Published: June 2016

Integrated circuits have been predominantly designed and developed by large firms and manufacturers; nowadays, any electronic engineer should be able to develop specific and innovative low-power designs using available open cores. This chapter presents the design process for a specific chip, beginning with a definition of its function, design considerations, power analysis, performance optimization, and chip optimization. The hardware and software for this circuit were developed for low-power implementation: it includes a processor, memory blocks, ports, buses, and a proposed application program, so it can be used as a starting point for other low-power very-large-scale integration (VLSI) circuits. The chip uses frequency synthesis and configuration parameters to deliver electric signals on a variety of waveforms and patterns. This design can be used in many research fields and application areas, where experiments or portable devices need low-power, programmable, and configurable electric signal generators.
Dynamical Analysis of Drug Efficacy and Mechanism of Action Using GFP Reporters
Authors: Hua Jianping , Sima Chao , Cypert Milana , Dougherty Edward R. , Trent Jeffery M. , Bittner Michael L.
Published: June 2016

To the development of effective cancer drug, it is necessary to, first, identify drugs and their possible combinations that could exert desired control over the type of cancer being considered; second, have a drug testing method that allows one to assess the variety of responses that can be provoked by drugs. To facilitate such an experiment-modeling-experiment cycle for drug development, a method based on the dynamical systems of pathways is presented. It involves a three-state experimental design: (1) formulate an oncologic pathway model of relevant cancer; (2) perturb the pathways with the drugs of known effects on components of the pathways of interest; and (3) measure process activity indicators at various points on cell populations. To evaluate the drug response in a high-throughput manner, a green fluorescent protein reporter-based technology has been developed. The authors apply the dynamical approach to several issues in the context of colon cancer cell lines.
Learned Behavior
Authors: Forgette Jacquelyne , Katchabaw Michael
Published: June 2016

A key challenge in programming virtual environments is to produce virtual characters that are autonomous and capable of action selections that appear believable. In this chapter, motivations are used as a basis for learning using reinforcements. With motives driving the decisions of characters, their actions will appear less structured and repetitious, and more human in nature. This will also allow developers to easily create virtual characters with specific motivations, based mostly on their narrative purposes or roles in the virtual world. With minimum and maximum desirable motive values, the characters use reinforcement learning to drive action selection to maximize their rewards across all motives. Experimental results show that a character can learn to satisfy as many as four motives, even with significantly delayed rewards, and motive changes that are caused by other characters in the world. While the actions tested are simple in nature, they show the potential of a more complicated motivation driven reinforcement learning system. The developer need only define a character's motivations, and the character will learn to act realistically over time in the virtual environment.
Applications of Longitudinal Research to Advance Organizational Theory
Authors: Newman David , Newman Isadore , Hitchcock John H.
Published: June 2016

The purpose of this article is to inform researchers about and encourage the use of longitudinal designs to further understanding of human resource development and organizational theory. This article presents information about a variety of longitudinal research designs, related statistical procedures, and an overview of general data collecting approaches, covering their strengths and weaknesses. The article also serves as a reminder of the importance of alignment between the research purpose, questions and methodology while highlighting the benefits of using multiple methods. Finally, importance of research replicability in the context of longitudinal inquiry is stressed.
The Utility of Single Subject Design Research
Authors: Bennett Kyle D.
Published: June 2016

Single subject design (SSD) research is a quantitative approach used to investigate basic and applied research questions. It has been used for decades to examine issues of social importance such as those related to general and special education strategies, therapeutic approaches in mental health, community health practices, safety, and business practices, to name a few. The purpose of this paper is to introduce the reader to the structure and function of SSD research, concepts of internal and external validity related to this methodology, and data analytic tactics used to evaluate SSD research. Additionally, several designs are described along with examples from the applied literature to illustrate the approach.
Mixed Methods Research
Authors: Ghosh Rajashi
Published: June 2016

Mixed methods research (MMR) is increasingly becoming a popular methodological approach in several fields due to the promise it holds for comprehensive understanding of complex problems being researched. However, researchers interested in MMR often lack reference to a guide that can explain the key issues pertaining to the paradigm wars influencing MMR, different objectives of MMR, choice of MMR designs, and articulation of research questions in MMR. This paper addresses that gap through providing a peek into these issues through illustrative examples. This brief introduction to MMR is meant to encourage readers to delve deeper into the MMR literature and make informed decisions in designing and implementing MMR studies.
All-Possible-Subsets for MANOVA and Factorial MANOVAs
Authors: Nimon Kim , Zientek Linda Reichwein , Kraha Amanda
Published: June 2016

Multivariate techniques are increasingly popular as researchers attempt to accurately model a complex world. MANOVA is a multivariate technique used to investigate the dimensions along which groups differ, and how these dimensions may be used to predict group membership. A concern in a MANOVA analysis is to determine if a smaller subset of variables may be used in the classification functions without any loss of explanatory power when precision of parameter estimates or parsimony needs to be addressed (cf. Huberty, 1984; Huberty & Olejnik, 2006). One way to address these concerns is through the use of all possible subsets. However, not all common statistical packages easily facilitate this analysis, and the analysis can be a weekend project (Huberty & Olejnik, 2006). As such, the purpose of the current paper is to examine and demonstrate R and SPSS solutions to conduct an all-possible-subsets MANOVA, including all-possible-subsets factorial MANOVA.
A Smart Grid Security Architecture for Wireless Advanced Metering Infrastructure (AMI)
Authors: Ahmad Aftab
Published: June 2016

The authors present a protocol and security architecture for the smart grid in an advanced metering infrastructure (AMI). Various levels of the hierarchical grid are isolated in protocol planes for preventing propagation of attacks. The utility meters are interconnected via the wireless technologies in order for metering functions, as well as location identification and reporting for attackers. An amended version of Bell Labs security framework (aka, ITU-X.805) protects every component with added first response security apparatus, forensic component and a location determination algorithm for fortifying the PHY of WLAN interconnecting the meters.
An Exploratory Study of the Impact of the Internet of Things (IoT) on Business Model Innovation
Authors: Lee In
Published: June 2016

This paper introduces IoT categories used to build smart enterprises and discusses how Fortune 500 companies may use various IoT applications to innovate their business models. The authors' analysis reveals that there is a significant relationship between the type of IoT applications and the IoT adoption rate and there is also a significant relationship between the type of business model innovation and the IoT adoption rate. Finally, five implementation strategies for smart enterprise development are discussed.
Youths' Social Traits in Water Management as a Precursor for Good Water Governance
Authors: Gatt Kevin
Published: June 2016

Today's youths are yesterday's future generation and tomorrow's guardian of future generations. Successful water governance requires the sustainable management of water resources which in turn implies the maximisation of economic, social and environmental goals. This research, whilst focusing on the social traits of the current youth cohort, forms the basis of a wider national survey amongst Maltese society in order to identify their economic, social and environmental traits as one of the basis for developing a robust water governance framework for Malta. The research shows that whilst there is a solid foundation in the current youth crop to build upon for effective water governance, there is still considerable work that needs to be undertaken in order to raise awareness amongst a sizeable component of the current youth cohort.
Knowledge-Based Support to the Treatment of Exceptions in Computer Interpretable Clinical Guidelines
Authors: Bottrighi Alessio , Leonardi Giorgio , Piovesan Luca , Terenziani Paolo
Published: June 2016

Clinical guidelines are one of the major tools that have been introduced to increase the rationalization of healthcare processes, granting both the quality and the standardization of healthcare services, and the minimization of costs. Computer interpretable clinical guidelines (CIGs) are widely adopted in order to assist practitioners in decision making, providing them evidence-based recommendations based on the best available medical knowledge. However, a main problem in CIG adoption is the fact that, in the medical context, some degree of uncertainty is often present. Thus, during guidelines executions on specific patients, unpredictable facts and conditions (henceforth called exceptions) may occur. A proper and immediate treatment of such exceptions is mandatory, but most of the current software systems coping with CIGs do not support it. In this paper, the authors describe how the GLARE system has been extended to deal with this purpose. They identify different types of exceptions, considering their “pre-locability” and “pre-plannability”. On the basis of such parameters, the authors propose different treatment modalities, consisting of both data structures to model the different types of exceptions, and the algorithms to treat them. The resulting methodology is an innovative one, integrating different Artificial Intelligence techniques (ranging from planning to ontology-based reasoning). Finally, they also discuss how they implemented their system-independent methodology on top of GLARE, and describe its application in the ROPHS project, considering the management of the severe trauma guideline.
An Evolutionary Distributed Agent System
Authors: Lee In , Amaravadi Chandra S.
Published: June 2016

Information systems are subject to change from the environment. If systems are to be used beyond their initial purpose as conceived during the requirements definition stage, they must be designed to evolve. One approach to evolutionary complexity is to make systems dynamically configurable so that they can exhibit new behavior in the face of environmental change. In this paper, the authors propose a distributed agent approach to information systems development in order to overcome the inherent inflexibility of the agent systems developed with a traditional systems development methodology. They apply the framework to the development of alternative agent systems for manufacturing process design and scheduling problems. Through a simulation experiment, the authors demonstrate that the fit between the information system and its environment is one of the most important design considerations for the development of the evolutionary distributed agent system.
Bridging the Web
Authors: Wu Chia-Pei
Published: June 2016

In this study, 60 students of an EFL writing course participated in a semester-long WebQuest authoring activity. This activity is designed for students to improve their English learning reading and writing skills in the process of WebQuest creation. The study discussed the use of the Internet technology to mediate classroom activities. The study then investigated how students enhanced their writing skills through WebQuest construction. The study also implemented higher order thinking skills by reflecting on their learning progress. Research data was collected from students' reflective journal, in-depth interview, and the final product of student-created WebQuests. The findings indicated that the experimental design facilitated and mediated classroom discussion and cooperative learning. In addition, it enhanced students' writing skills by reading on the Internet. The higher order thinking skills were also represented in students' WebQuest creativity.
Investigating the effects of symbiotic fungi on the flight behaviour ofSirex noctilio(Hymenoptera: Siricidae)
Authors: Sarvary Mark A. , Hajek Ann E. , Böröczky Katalin , Raguso Robert A. , Cooperband Miriam F.
Published: June 2016

The invasive woodwaspSirex noctilioFabricius (Hymenoptera: Siricidae) is obligately associated with the symbiotic white rot fungusAmylostereum areolatum(Chaillet ex Fries) Boidin (Basidiomycota: Amylosteraceae), and shows positive chemotaxis to volatiles emitted by this symbiont. After introduction to North America,S. noctiliowas collected carrying another fungus speciesAmylostereum chailletii(Persoon) Boidin, used symbiotically by native North AmericanSirexLinnaeus. We conducted flight behaviour studies in a walk-in flight tunnel to evaluate specificity of the attraction of mated and unmatedS. noctilioto its primary symbiont,A. areolatum, versus the alternative symbiont,A. chailletii. Fewer unmated than matedS. noctiliofemales responded to either of the fungi. Unmated females showed no landing preference but matedS. noctiliofemales were attracted toA. areolatumalthough avoidance ofA. chailletiiwas not complete. Chemical analysis demonstrated major differences in the volatile profiles of the two fungal species. Sesquiterpenes dominated theA. areolatumsamples, whereas only two aromatic volatiles were consistently present in the nativeA. chailletii.
ŉ Praktykbenadering tot geloofsvorming vanuit die benadering van Thomas Groome en die Gestaltteorie: ŉ Prakties-teologiese dialoog
Authors: Louw Siegfried W. , Denton Rudy A. , Grobler Herman B.
Published: June 2016

The article describes the dialogue between Thomas Groome’s approach to faith formation and Gestalt theory in order to develop a practice approach to faith formation. The transversal model of cross-disciplinary dialogue, developed by Wentzel van Huyssteen, is utilised to develop a practice approach to faith formation. The process of faith formation, according to Thomas Groome’s Shared Christian Praxis approach, encompassing five movements, is described first. This is followed by a literature study on Gestalt theory. The philosophical roots of Gestalt theory as well as specific Gestalt concepts are explored in order to explain the process of human growth and change. Gestalt theory’s paradoxical theory of change, as well as the contact cycle are utilised in order to explain the process of integration and assimilation of faith. The transversal dialogue is continued by relating the insights gained from Groome’s approach and Gestalt theory. The context of missional ecclesiology, in which the researcher finds himself, is also accounted for during the dialogue. The process identifies six guidelines for the practice of faith formation. The findings of the dialogue are processed into a practice approach to faith formation. The practice approach is presented in such a way that it can be utilised in a variety of settings.
Quality Assessment of Domesticated Animal Genome Assemblies
Authors: Seemann Stefan E. , Anthon Christian , Palasca Oana , Gorodkin Jan
Published: June 2016

The era of high-throughput sequencing has made it relatively simple to sequence genomes and transcriptomes of individuals from many species. In order to analyze the resulting sequencing data, high-quality reference genome assemblies are required. However, this is still a major challenge, and many domesticated animal genomes still need to be sequenced deeper in order to produce high-quality assemblies. In the meanwhile, ironically, the extent to which RNA seq and other next-generation data is produced frequently far exceeds that of the genomic sequence. Furthermore, basic comparative analysis is often affected by the lack of genomic sequence. Herein, we quantify the quality of the genome assemblies of 20 domesticated animals and related species by assessing a range of measurable parameters, and we show that there is a positive correlation between the fraction of mappable reads from RNAseq data and genome assembly quality. We rank the genomes by their assembly quality and discuss the implications for genotype analyses.
Predicting Clinical Outcomes Using Molecular Biomarkers
Authors: Burke Harry B.
Published: June 2016

Over the past 20 years, there has been an exponential increase in the number of biomarkers. At the last count, there were 768,259 papers indexed in PubMed.gov directly related to biomarkers. Although many of these papers claim to report clinically useful molecular biomarkers, embarrassingly few are currently in clinical use. It is suggested that a failure to properly understand, clinically assess, and utilize molecular biomarkers has prevented their widespread adoption in treatment, in comparative benefit analyses, and their integration into individualized patient outcome predictions for clinical decision-making and therapy. A straightforward, general approach to understanding how to predict clinical outcomes using risk, diagnostic, and prognostic molecular biomarkers is presented. In the future, molecular biomarkers will drive advances in risk, diagnosis, and prognosis, they will be the targets of powerful molecular therapies, and they will individualize and optimize therapy. Furthermore, clinical predictions based on molecular biomarkers will be displayed on the clinician's screen during the physician–patient interaction, they will be an integral part of physician–patient-shared decision-making, and they will improve clinical care and patient outcomes.
Heads in the Cloud: A Primer on Neuroimaging Applications of High Performance Computing
Authors: Shatil Anwar S. , Younas Sohail , Pourreza Hossein , Figley Chase R.
Published: June 2016

With larger data sets and more sophisticated analyses, it is becoming increasingly common for neuroimaging researchers to push (or exceed) the limitations of standalone computer workstations. Nonetheless, although high-performance computing platforms such as clusters, grids and clouds are already in routine use by a small handful of neuroimaging researchers to increase their storage and/or computational power, the adoption of such resources by the broader neuroimaging community remains relatively uncommon. Therefore, the goal of the current manuscript is to: 1) inform prospective users about the similarities and differences between computing clusters, grids and clouds; 2) highlight their main advantages; 3) discuss when it may (and may not) be advisable to use them; 4) review some of their potential problems and barriers to access; and finally 5) give a few practical suggestions for how interested new users can start analyzing their neuroimaging data using cloud resources. Although the aim of cloud computing is to hide most of the complexity of the infrastructure management from end-users, we recognize that this can still be an intimidating area for cognitive neuroscientists, psychologists, neurologists, radiologists, and other neuroimaging researchers lacking a strong computational background. Therefore, with this in mind, we have aimed to provide a basic introduction to cloud computing in general (including some of the basic terminology, computer architectures, infrastructure and service models, etc.), a practical overview of the benefits and drawbacks, and a specific focus on how cloud resources can be used for various neuroimaging applications.
The limit as $p \to \infty$ in a two-phase free boundary problem for the $p$-Laplacian
Authors: Rossi Julio D. , Wang Peiyong
Published: June 2016

In this paper, we study the limit as

p

goes to infinity of a minimizer of a variational problem that is a two-phase free boundary problem of phase transition for the

p

-Laplacian. Under a geometric compatibility condition, we prove that this limit is a solution of a free boundary problem for the

\infty

-Laplacian. When the compatibility condition does not hold, we prove that there still exists a uniform limit that is a solution of a minimization problem for the Lipschitz constant. Moreover, we provide, in the latter case, an example that shows that the free boundary condition can be lost in the limit.
Estoques de volume, biomassa e carbono na madeira de espécies da Caatinga em Caicó, RN
Authors: Santos Rosimeire Cavalcante dos , Castro Renato Vinícius Oliveira , Carneiro Angélica De Cássia Oliveira , Castro Ana Flávia Neves Mendes , Pimenta Alexandre Santos , Pinto Edna Moura , Marinho Itaragil Venâncio
Published: June 2016

O objetivo deste estudo foi quantificar os estoques em volume, biomassa e carbono na madeira de um fragmento de Caatinga Arbustiva-Arbórea, na região Nordeste do Brasil, no Município de Caicó, RN. Realizou-se o inventário e a amostragem do material biológico para análises de biomassa e carbono. Para a conversão de volume de madeira em biomassa foi obtida a densidade básica da madeira de oito espécies que representavam 91% do valor de importância (VI) do fragmento. A porcentagem de carbono dessas espécies foi determinada por análise elementar da madeira. O estoque de carbono foi determinado considerando-se a porcentagem de carbono multiplicada pela biomassa de cada árvore. Para as espécies que não foram analisadas (9% do VI) utilizou-se um valor de densidade básica média () e da média de carbono (), ponderados pelo valor de importância das espécies amostradas. Foi observado um estoque volumétrico de madeira igual a 15,5 m³ ha-1. A biomassa determinada foi de 12 t  ha-1, que correspondeu a um estoque de carbono de 5,7 t ha-1.
Mendes da Rocha. Diagramas de energía y fuerza
Authors: Montaner Josep Maria
Published: June 2016

Este artículo analiza la obra del arquitecto brasileño Paulo Mendes da Rocha desde el punto de vista de la estructura, entendiendo que en el proyecto, es decir los diagramas y las maquetas, ya vienen señaladas las líneas de energía y fuerza que prevén como la materia se convierte en forma. Para ello se estudian cuatro de los museos proyectados y realizados por Mendes da Rocha y se pone énfasis en la tradición tecnológica más humanista y social, la que tiene como objetivo la liberación y calidad de vida de las personas y se opone a la tecnología entendida como dominación y explotación.
Muelle de las Artes. Enseada do Suá, Vitória, Espírito Santo. Brasil
Authors: Metro Arquitetos Associados Estudio
Published: June 2016

El impresionante encuentro entre naturaleza y construcción en este lugar sugiere edificios suspendidos en el aire y vistas libres y sin obstáculos al paisaje y al espectáculo de los trabajos en el mar.

Su excepcional orientación permite que la circulación entre las áreas expositivas del museo se efectúe por la zona sur externa del edificio mediante rampas cristalinas con vistas al mar, a los barcos y a las montañas de Vila Velha.
Nuevo Museo nacional de carruajes. Lisboa. Portugal
Authors: Mendes da Rocha Paulo
Published: June 2016

El proyecto para las nuevas instalaciones del Museu dos Coches (Museo de las Carruajes) plantea primordialmente a la arquitectura dos cuestiones básicas. Desde el punto de vista de la Museología, un criterio básico para la exposición del notable patrimonio. Desde el punto de vista del Urbanismo, su implantación en el recinto monumental, amparada por el proyecto gubernamental “Belém Redescoberta”.

Desde el punto de vista Museológico, el proyecto adopta un criterio centrado en la idea de la preservación definitiva, para siempre, del tesoro guardado y visitado en un único tiempo. Considerada la visita bajo todas las formas posibles de desdoblamientos en lo que se refiere a la memoria histórica, como construcción intelectual en el tiempo. Arte y técnica en constante movimiento. Exposiciones y talleres, escenarios que cambian. Sonido e imágenes virtuales asociados a los artefactos originales.
Máquinas sin motores o de la inteligencia como motor de las máquinas
Authors: García del Monte José María
Published: June 2016

En un entorno profesional en que la arquitectura se ve compelida al empleo masivo de máquinas para la corrección de carencias de diseño, en la arquitectura de Mendes da Rocha podemos encontrar ejemplos en que el entendimiento de las leyes de la naturaleza permite la construcción de edificios que sacan partido de las leyes físicas para encontrar su argumento, su forma o su construcción. Máquinas que funcionan aplicando la inteligencia como motor.
Conversación con Paulo Mendes da Rocha
Authors: Mas Vicente , Villac Isabel , García-Gasco Sergio , Oliver Isabel , Varella Pedro , Calafate Caio
Published: June 2016

Resumen no disponible
Entrevista Marc Barani
Authors: Mas Llorens Vicente , Domingo Calabuig Débora
Published: June 2016

P: Nos gustaría empezar esta entrevista recordando la primera visita de Marc Barani a la Escuela de Arquitectura de Valencia, en el año 2007, cuando participó en las Jornadas “Materia y Forma” de la Cátedra Blanca. Fue entonces cuando nos presentó su proyecto para el tranvía de Niza, todavía no finalizado, que fue merecedor del premio “Equerre d’Argent” en 2008. El proyecto, ahora acabado, es reconocido por sus múltiples virtudes en la prensa especializada......
Parque de estacionamiento B. Aeropuerto Niza Costa Azul. Francia
Authors: Marc Barani Atelier
Published: June 2016

El aeropuerto de Niza - Costa Azul presenta la doble particularidad de estar en la ciudad y de bordear la desembocadura del río Var. Esta inédita situación produce un fuerte contraste entre lo natural y lo artificial, entre el carácter preservado del río y la densidad construida de las instalaciones del aeropuerto.
La planta oval. Traza y símbolo
Authors: Fernández Margarita
Published: June 2016

Este trabajo es parte del Estudio Histórico previo del Proyecto de Recuperación Integral  de la Basílica de la Virgen de los Desamparados de Valencia, cuya metodología y propuestas de intervención se exponen en otro de los artículos de esta misma revista. Es interesante la reflexión teórica que desarrolla la autora, M. Fernandez, en torno al simbolismo de la planta oval, su evolución, y sus trazas basadas en la elipse y el óvalo
Escitópolis -Beit Shean- capital de la decápolis helenística
Authors: Bugod Peter
Published: June 2016

Las excavaciones arqueológicas en la ciudad Escitópolis (Beit Shean, Israel), capital de la decápolis griega, han descubierto un complejo urbano de gran envergadura. El arquitecto Bugod hace un recorrido por la historia de la ciudad, describe los restos que permanecieron intactos tras el terremoto que arruinó la ciudad en el año 749 d.C., y plantea los problemas filosóficos, éticos y técnicos que supone la anastilosis de los diferentes edificios del yacimiento.
Modelos de intervención en monumentos catalanes (siglo XIX)
Authors: Lacuesta Raquel
Published: June 2016

Un estudio riguroso ha permitido a la autora de este artículo ofrecernos un interesante recorrido a través de la variada casuística de modelos de intervención en el patrimonio arquitectónico de Cataluña en el siglo XIX. Como no podía ser de otra manera, aquí se identifican las principales corrientes del pensamiento presentes en la Europa de antaño.
Portada de la iglesia de San Juan Bautista en Las Cabezas de San Juan, Sevilla
Authors: Fernández Naranjo Juan A.
Published: June 2016

La restauración de la Portada de la Iglesia de San Juan Bautista responde al tipo de intervención modesta en su presupuesto pero ambiciosa en su riguroso planteamiento metodológico. El autor nos expone cómo a través de las obras de intervención fueron descubriendo los datos que atesoraba esta portada barroca realizada, con gran dominio del ofi­cio, en ladrillo. Especial interés merece sobre todo el tratamiento del color.
Restauración de las Portadas góticas de la Concatedral de Santa María de Castellón
Authors: Traver de Juan Juan Ignacio
Published: June 2016

Las portadas góticas de la Iglesia Concatedral de Santa María de Castellón insertadas en el nuevo tem­plo edificado en este siglo por Vicente Traver Tomás, han sufrido recientemente un proceso de restauración que ha detenido su deterioro progresivo. El autor de este artículo, perteneciente a la saga de arquitectos responsable de la erección del templo actual, explica en estas líneas los antecedentes históricos, la meto­dología, los criterios de intervención y las técnicas empleadas en la restauración. El artículo se completa con una biografía del arquitecto Vicente Traver Tomás.
Restauración del Castillo de Masnago en Varese
Authors: Marco Albini, Franca Helg y Antonio Piva Estudio de arquitectura
Published: June 2016

El estudio de Marco Albini, Franca Helg & Antonio Piva ha realizado recientemente la restauración y adecua­ción a uso museístico del Castillo de Masnago, cuyo mayor mérito estriba en la simplicidad de la acción. Al hilo de su descripción, el arquitecto Antonio Piva aprovecha la ocasión para exponer sus ideas sobre la uni­dad de estilo y la intervención sobre las fábricas histó­ricas que presentan superposiciones estilísticas y tipológicas.
Vertical and horizontal variability of PM10 source contributions in Barcelona during SAPUSS
Authors: Brines Mariola , Dall'Osto Manuel , Amato Fulvio , Cruz Minguillón María , Karanasiou Angeliki , Alastuey Andrés , Querol Xavier
Published: June 2016

Abstract. During the SAPUSS campaign (Solving Aerosol Problems by Using Synergistic Strategies) PM10 samples at 12-hour resolution were simultaneously collected at four monitoring sites located in the urban agglomerate of Barcelona (Spain). A total of 221 samples were collected from 20 September to 20 October 2010. The Road Site (RS) site and the Urban Background (UB) site were located at street level, whereas the Torre Mapfre (TM) and the Torre Collserola (TC) sites were located at 150 m a.s.l. by the sea side within the urban area and at 415 m a.s.l. 8 km inland, respectively. For the first time, we are able to report simultaneous PM10 aerosol measurements, allowing us to study aerosol gradients at both horizontal and vertical levels. The complete chemical composition of PM10 was determined on the 221 samples, and factor analysis (positive matrix factorisation, PMF) was applied. This resulted in eight factors which were attributed to eight main aerosol sources affecting PM10 concentrations in the studied urban environment: (1) vehicle exhaust and wear (2–9 µg m−3, 10–27 % of PM10 mass on average), (2) road dust (2–4 µg m−3, 8–12 %), (3) mineral dust (5 µg m−3, 13–26 %), (4) aged marine (3–5 µg m−3, 13–20 %), (5) heavy oil (0.4–0.6 µg m−3, 2 %), (6) industrial (1 µg m−3, 3–5 %), (7) sulfate (3–4 µg m−3, 11–17 %) and (8) nitrate (4–6 µg m−3, 17–21 %). Three aerosol sources were found to be enhanced at the ground levels (confined within the urban ground levels of the city) relative to the upper levels: (1) vehicle exhaust and wear (2.8 higher), (2) road dust (1.8 higher) and (3) local urban industries/crafts workshops (1.6 higher). Surprisingly, the other aerosol sources were relatively homogeneous at both horizontal and vertical levels. However, air mass origin and meteorological parameters also played a key role in influencing the variability of the factor concentrations. The mineral dust and aged marine factors were found to be a mixture of natural and anthropogenic components and were thus further investigated. Overall, three types of dust were identified to affect the urban study area: road dust (35 % of the mineral dust load, 2–4 µg m−3 on average), Saharan dust (28 %, 2.1 µg m−3) and background mineral dust (37 %, 2.8 µg m−3). Our results evidence that although the city of Barcelona broadly shows a homogeneous distribution of PM10 pollution sources, non-exhaust traffic, exhaust traffic and local urban industrial activities are major coarse PM10 aerosol sources.
Near-surface and columnar measurements with a micro pulse lidar of atmospheric pollen in Barcelona, Spain
Authors: Sicard Michaël , Izquierdo Rebeca , Alarcón Marta , Belmonte Jordina , Comerón Adolfo , Baldasano José Maria
Published: June 2016

Abstract. We present for the first time continuous hourly measurements of pollen near-surface concentration and lidar-derived profiles of particle backscatter coefficients and of volume and particle depolarization ratios during a 5-day pollination event observed in Barcelona, Spain, between 27 and 31 March 2015. Daily average concentrations ranged from 1082 to 2830 pollen m−3. Platanus and Pinus pollen types represented together more than 80 % of the total pollen. Maximum hourly pollen concentrations of 4700 and 1200 m−3 were found for Platanus and Pinus, respectively. Every day a clear diurnal cycle caused by the vertical transport of the airborne pollen was visible on the lidar-derived profiles with maxima usually reached between 12:00 and 15:00 UT. A method based on the lidar polarization capabilities was used to retrieve the contribution of the pollen to the total aerosol optical depth (AOD). On average the diurnal (09:00–17:00 UT) pollen AOD was 0.05, which represented 29 % of the total AOD. Maximum values of the pollen AOD and its contribution to the total AOD reached 0.12 and 78 %, respectively. The diurnal means of the volume and particle depolarization ratios in the pollen plume were 0.08 and 0.14, with hourly maxima of 0.18 and 0.33, respectively. The diurnal mean of the height of the pollen plume was found at 1.24 km with maxima varying in the range of 1.47–1.78 km. A correlation study is performed (1) between the depolarization ratios and the pollen near-surface concentration to evaluate the ability of the former parameter to monitor pollen release and (2) between the depolarization ratios as well as pollen AOD and surface downward solar fluxes, which cause the atmospheric turbulences responsible for the particle vertical motion, to examine the dependency of the depolarization ratios and the pollen AOD upon solar fluxes. For the volume depolarization ratio the first correlation study yields to correlation coefficients ranging 0.00–0.81 and the second to correlation coefficients ranging 0.49–0.86.
Continental anthropogenic primary particle number emissions
Authors: Paasonen Pauli , Kupiainen Kaarle , Klimont Zbigniew , Visschedijk Antoon , Denier van der Gon Hugo A. C. , Amann Markus
Published: June 2016

Abstract. Atmospheric aerosol particle number concentrations impact our climate and health in ways different from those of aerosol mass concentrations. However, the global, current and future anthropogenic particle number emissions and their size distributions are so far poorly known. In this article, we present the implementation of particle number emission factors and the related size distributions in the GAINS (Greenhouse Gas–Air Pollution Interactions and Synergies) model. This implementation allows for global estimates of particle number emissions under different future scenarios, consistent with emissions of other pollutants and greenhouse gases. In addition to determining the general particulate number emissions, we also describe a method to estimate the number size distributions of the emitted black carbon particles. The first results show that the sources dominating the particle number emissions are different to those dominating the mass emissions. The major global number source is road traffic, followed by residential combustion of biofuels and coal (especially in China, India and Africa), coke production (Russia and China), and industrial combustion and processes. The size distributions of emitted particles differ across the world, depending on the main sources: in regions dominated by traffic and industry, the number size distribution of emissions peaks in diameters range from 20 to 50 nm, whereas in regions with intensive biofuel combustion and/or agricultural waste burning, the emissions of particles with diameters around 100 nm are dominant. In the baseline (current legislation) scenario, the particle number emissions in Europe, Northern and Southern Americas, Australia, and China decrease until 2030, whereas especially for India, a strong increase is estimated. The results of this study provide input for modelling of the future changes in aerosol–cloud interactions as well as particle number related adverse health effects, e.g. in response to tightening emission regulations. However, there are significant uncertainties in these current emission estimates and the key actions for decreasing the uncertainties are pointed out.
Precipitation regime and stable isotopes at Dome Fuji, East Antarctica
Authors: Dittmann Anna , Schlosser Elisabeth , Masson-Delmotte Valérie , Powers Jordan G. , Manning Kevin W. , Werner Martin , Fujita Koji
Published: June 2016

Abstract. A unique set of 1-year precipitation and stable water isotope measurements from the Japanese Antarctic station, Dome Fuji, has been used to study the impact of the synoptic situation and the precipitation origin on the isotopic composition of precipitation on the Antarctic Plateau. The Antarctic Mesoscale Prediction System (AMPS) archive data are used to analyse the synoptic situations that cause precipitation. These situations are investigated and divided into five categories. The most common weather situation during a precipitation event is an upper-level ridge that extends onto the Antarctic Plateau and causes strong northerly advection from the ocean. Most precipitation events are associated with an increase in temperature and wind speed, and a local maximum of δ18O. During the measurement period, 21 synoptically caused precipitation events caused 60 % of the total annual precipitation, whereas the remaining 40 % were predominantly attributed to diamond dust. By combining the synoptic analyses with 5-day back-trajectories, the moisture source regions for precipitation events were estimated. An average source region around a latitude of 55° S was found. The atmospheric conditions in the source region were used as initial conditions for running a Rayleigh-type isotopic model in order to reproduce the measured isotopic composition of fresh snow and to investigate the influence of the precipitation source region on the isotope ratios. The model represents the measured annual cycle of δ18O and the second-order isotopic parameter deuterium excess reasonably well, but yields on average too little fractionation along the transport/cooling path. While simulations with an isotopic general circulation model (GCM) (ECHAM5-wiso) for Dome Fuji are on average closer to the observations, this model cannot reproduce the annual cycle of deuterium excess. In the event-based analysis, no evidence of a correlation of the measured deuterium excess with the latitude of the moisture source region or the corresponding conditions was identified. Contrary to the assumption used for decades in ice core studies, a more northerly moisture source does not necessarily mean a larger temperature difference between source area and deposition site, thus a more depleted precipitation in heavy isotopes with a higher deuterium excess.