bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Women’s Experiences and Perceptions of Anxiety and Stress During The Perinatal Period: A Qualitative Evidence Synthesis
Authors: McCarthy Megan , Houghton Catherine , Matvienko-Sikar Karen
Published: April 2021

Background. The perinatal period, from pregnancy to the first year postpartum, is a transitional period that can result in anxiety and stress for some women. Perinatal anxiety and stress can adversely impact the physical and psychological health of women and children. Understanding women’s lived experiences of perinatal anxiety and stress is essential to better support women. The aim of this qualitative evidence synthesis was to examine women’s experiences and perceptions of, and barriers and facilitators to coping with, perinatal anxiety and stress.Methods. Databases CINAHL, EMBASE, MEDLINE, PsycINFO and Maternity and Infant Care were searched from inception to June 2020. Eligible studies included women who were pregnant or up to one year postpartum and examined women’s experiences of anxiety and/or stress during the perinatal period. Data were synthesised using thematic synthesis.Results. Of 20,318 identified articles, 13 studies met inclusion criteria and were included in this review. Five key themes emerged: Social support, women’s experiences of healthcare, social norms and expectations, factors that impact on coping and mother and baby’s health.Limitations. Studies were predominantly conducted in high-income countries.Conclusion. This review provided a comprehensive synthesis of perinatal anxiety and stress. Findings indicate that increased support for perinatal mental health in antenatal and postpartum care is needed. Addressing unrealistic expectations and conceptualisations of motherhood is also important to better support women. Enhancing women’s social support networks and provision of clear and consistent information are also essential to support women and minimise stress and anxiety in the perinatal period.
Pre-therapy extrahepatic 68Ga-DOTATATE avid tumor burden is associated with shortterm clinical outcomes of 177Lu-DOTATATE in advanced metastatic gastroenteropancreatic neuroendocrine tumors
Authors: Song Hong , Kunz Pamela L. , Franc Benjamin L. , Moradi Farshad , Nguyen Judy , Fisher George , Aparici Carina Mari , Iagaru Andrei , Davidzon Guido A
Published: April 2021

Lutetium-177 ( 177 Lu)-DOTATATE is an effective systemic therapy for metastatic somatostatin receptor positive neuroendocrine tumors (NETs). Here we report our experience with the use of pre-therapy 68 Ga-DOTATATE PET as prognostic marker for short-term clinical outcomes of 177 Lu-DOTATATE therapy in patients with advanced NETs. Materials and methods: We retrospectively reviewed patients who received at least one dose of 177 Lu-DOTATATE between Dec. 2016 and July 2019 at our institution. 50 patients (63.6 ± 10.0 years) with advanced gastroenteropancreatic neuroendocrine tumors (GEP-NETs) who had pre-therapy 68 Ga-DOTATATE PET were included in the analysis. 68 Ga-DOTATATE avid tumor volumes were determined automatically using an SUV thresholding approach. Total and extrahepatic 68 Ga-DOTATATE avid tumor volumes were measured and dichotomized into large and small tumor volume groups. Association with progression free survival (PFS) and overall survival (OS) were determined at median follow up of 32 months by Kaplan-Meier survival analysis with Log-Rank test. Results: During follow up, 38 patients (76%) had disease progression and 15 patients (30%) died. Kaplan-Meier analysis of PFS in GEP-NETs patients showed that smaller extrahepatic 68 Ga-DOTATATE avid tumor volume (<140 mL) is associated with significantly longer PFS (Median PFS 29.0 ± 6.7 months vs 9.0 ± 1.7 months, P = 0.0001). This trend in PFS is less prominent when total 68 Ga-DOTATATE avid tumor volume is analyzed. Similarly, Kaplan-Meier analysis of OS found that GEP-NETs patients with smaller extrahepatic 68 Ga-DOTATATE avid tumor volume (<150 mL) is associated with significantly longer OS (Median OS not reached vs 44.0 ± 12.3 months, P = 0.002). This association with OS is not statistically significant when total 68 Ga-DOTATATE avid tumor volume is analyzed. When 68 Ga-DOTATATE avid hepatic tumor volume is grouped into low (<500 mL), medium (500-1000mL) and large (> 1000 mL) tumor volumes, no statistically significant difference in PFS is observed, P = 0.19. The accuracy of extrahepatic 68 Ga-DOTATATE avid tumor volume as prognostic marker for PFS and OS at 32 months are moderate at 58% and 72%. Conclusions: Smaller extrahepatic 68 Ga-DOTATATE avid tumor volumes are associated with longer PFS and OS following 177 Lu-DOTATATE treatment in patients with advanced GEP-NETs. The accuracy of extrahepatic 68 Ga-DOTATATE avid tumor volume as prognostic marker for PFS and OS at 32 months are moderate, which may limit its clinical application.
M i R -182-5p I nduced by HIF-1α Promotes Tumorigenesis and Metastasis via Targeting ZFP36L1 in Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma
Authors: Wang Gang , Zhou Fangzheng , Ou Tong , Sun Haiyan , Shan Zhirui , Lu Yingshen , Chen Gui , Yuan Simin , Zhang Xiaowen , Wu Song
Published: April 2021

Accumulating evidence indicates that dysregulation of human microRNAs could serve as diagnostic and prognostic biomarkers in nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC). In the present study, we found that up-regulation of miR-182-5p was significantly associated with tumor development and poor prognosis in patients with NPC. Functional study demonstrated that miR-182-5p overexpression enhanced, whereas suppression of miR-182-5p impeded NPC cell proliferation, migration, tumorigenesis and metastasis. Mechanistically, miR-182-5p interacted with ZFP36 ring finger protein like 1 (ZFP36L1) at two sites in its 3’ un-translated region (UTR) and repressed ZFP36L1 expression in NPC. Consistently, an inverse correlation was observed between the expression levels of miR-182-5p and ZFP36L1 using clinical NPC primary tissues, and down-regulation of ZFP36L1 in NPC predicts poor survival. Furthermore, overexpression of miR-182-5p in NPC was attributable to the transcriptional activation effect induced by hypoxia-inducible factor 1α (HIF-1α). Taken together, our data suggest that miR-182-5p facilitates NPC development and progression through its ability to down-regulate ZFP36L1 expression, and that the HIF-1α/miR-182-5p/ZFP36L1 axis may serve as a novel therapeutic target in the management of NPC.
Hydrogeochemical Processes Governing Uranium Mobility: Inferences from the Anthropogenically Disturbed, Semi-arid Region of India
Authors: punia anita , Bharti Rishikesh , Kumar Pankaj
Published: April 2021

Khetri Copper Belt, Rajasthan is anthropogenically active and geologically belongs to the Delhi supergroup. To study the active geochemical processes controlling the elemental mobility, representative groundwater samples were analysed for heavy metals and radionuclide (U). A maximum U concentration (average 87 µgL− 1) is observed in the quartzite mine zone whereas minimum (average 13 µgL− 1) is found to be in the copper mine zone samples. Despite the presence of Jaspura and Gothra granitoid in the copper mine zone, the abundance of U is low suggesting the scavenging of U by sulphides or iron oxides. Additionally, at the confluence of two geological groups, Fe concentration is found high with a low concentration of U which further confirms scavenging of U. In the region, aquifers are shallow which supports the weathering of minerals. Thus, a high concentration of U in groundwater is attributed to mineral dissolution, faults or fractures. It is evident from the results that in the absence of iron-bearing sulphides, U concentration in groundwater would be very high compared to the current concentration. It also indicates low concentration of U in the copper mine zone, area is covered with abundant quantity of Fe sulphide rich waste. The present study recommends further research to understand the feasibility of mining waste for the removal of U contamination from groundwater.
Bio-Inspired Fabrication of Silver Nanoparticles Using High Altitude Squamulose Lichen Extract and Evaluation of its Antioxidant, Anticandida and Cytotoxic properties
Authors: Shanthi S , Nallal V. Uma Maheshwari , Anand Krishnan , Ravindran Balasubramani , Chang Soon Woong , Chandrasekaran Murugesan , Tywabi-Ngeva Zikhona , Boomi Pandi , Ravikumar S , Shahbaaz Mohd Shahbaaz , Abdellattif Magda H , Razia M
Published: April 2021

Bio-inspired nanoparticle synthesis has attracted substantial interest among the scientific society owing to its eco-friendly and non-toxic nature. In the present study, Silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) were synthesized using high altitude squamulose lichen – Cladonia subradiata and characterized using different techniques. The antioxidant and anticandida activity of AgNPs were evaluated using multiple in-vitro assays. In-silico molecular docking analysis and in-vitro cytotoxic assay was performed to determine the anti-cancer potential of synthesized AgNPs. The results of the spectroscopic studies revealed the successful synthesis of AgNPs and the presence of different functional groups suggesting the involvement of phytocompounds in the reduction and capping of AgNPs. The average size of the AgNPs was 20 nm and predominantly spherical in shape. AgNPs demonstrated excellent DPPH free radicals scavenging activity with an IC50 value of 7.51 ± 0.4 µg/mL. C.albicans was identified as the most susceptible strain from the anticandida studies. Usnic acid and Pulvinic acid exhibited low binding energies and showed excellent inhibition interaction with EGFR lung cancer protein. The in-vitro cytotoxic results were impressive with an IC50 value of 28.75 µg/mL for A549 lung cancer cells treated with AgNPs. Thus, the study demonstrates the effective and non-toxic synthesis of AgNPs using a less explored lichen extract as a promising anticandida and anticancer agent in the field of nano-medicine.
Safety Monitoring of COVID Vaccines and Perception of Post-vaccination Side-Effects: Preliminary Findings From The First Month of Routine Monitoring in a Hospital Vaccination Setting of China
Authors: Feng Aihua , Tobe Ruoyan Gai , Wang Yongqiang , Yang Ting , Mo Xiuting , Zhao Limei
Published: April 2021

Objectives: This study aims to explore the occurrence of post-vaccination side-effects from COVID-19 vaccines and its affecting factors in a hospital vaccination setting of China.Results: A total of 811 vaccinees aged 17 to 58 years, who finished the full package of two doses in February 2021, have been recruited at the second vaccination uptake. Among all, there have been 66 participants who reported one or more mild side effects, while none of them developed severe cases. Those with history of immune deficiency were more likely to report side effect(s). Although with several concerns, most participants showed willingness to get vaccinated (98.8%) with relevant high proportions of perceived safety (99.5%) and effectiveness (97.3%).
Effects of high-intensity interval training on blood lactate levels in healthy adults: protocol for systematic review and network meta-analyses
Authors: Jacob Nithin , So Isis , Sharma Bhanu , Marzolini Susan , Tartaglia Carmela , Green Robin
Published: April 2021

Background High-intensity interval training (HIIT) has been shown to confer cognitive benefits in healthy adults, via a mechanism purportedly driven by the exercise metabolite lactate. However, our understanding of the exercise parameters (e.g., work interval durations, session volumes, work-to-rest ratio) that evoke a peak blood lactate response in healthy adults is limited. Moreover, evidence relating HIIT-induced blood lactate and cognitive performance has yet to be reviewed and analyzed. The primary objective of this systematic review is to use network meta-analyses to compare the relative impact of different HIIT work interval durations, session volumes, and work-to-rest ratios on post-exercise blood lactate response in healthy adults. The secondary objective is to determine the relationship between HIIT induced blood lactate and acute post-HIIT cognitive performance.Methods A systematic review is being conducted to identify studies measuring blood lactate response following one session of HIIT in healthy adults. The search was carried out in (1) MEDLINE, (2) EMBASE, (3) Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials, (4) Sport Discus, and (5) Cumulative Index to Nursing and Allied Health Literature Plus with Full Text (CINAHL+). After abstract and full-text screening, two reviewers will independently extract data on key outcomes variables and complete risk of bias assessment using the Cochrane risk of Bias Tool and the Risk of Bias in Non-Randomized Studies of Interventions tool. Network meta-analyses will be used to generate estimates of the comparative effectiveness of blood lactate on cognitive outcomes using corresponding rankings for each work interval, session volume, and work-to-rest category. Where applicable, meta-regressions analyses will be performed to test the relationship between changes in blood lactate and changes in cognitive performance. Analyses will be conducted using MetaInsight Software Discussion This study will provide evidence on how to structure a HIIT protocol to elicit peak blood lactate response in healthy adults, and will increase our understanding of the relationship between HIIT induced blood lactate response and associated cognitive benefits.Systematic review registration: This review has been registered in the PROSPERO database (CRD42020204400).
Protective Effect of Lactobacillus Plantarum P8 on the Growth Performance, Intestinal Health and Microbiota in Eimeria-infected Broilers
Authors: Wang Yang , Lv Xiaoguo , Li Xuemin , Zhao Jinshan , Zhang Kai , Hao Xiaojing , Liu Kaidong , Liu Huawei
Published: April 2021

Background: Coccidiosis is one of the major parasitic diseases in the commercial broiler industry. Probiotics can protect poultry against Eimeria infection. However, the mechanisms are not fully known. Therefore, Lactobacillus plantarum P8 (P8) was used to investigate its anti-coccidial property and mechanism.Methods: Five hundred broilers were allocated to five treatments: control diet (NC), control diet + Eimeria infection (IC), control diet containing 1 × 107 cfu/g P8 + Eimeria infection (P8L), control diet containing 1 × 108 cfu/g P8 + Eimeria infection (P8H), and control diet + Eimeria infection + Diclazuril (DIC). At day 14, all treatments except NC were inoculated with sporulated oocysts. Results: Eimeria infection increased the mortality and oocysts shedding, and declined the growth performance as well as the intestinal barrier in Eimeria-treated broilers. On the contrary, dietary supplementation of low level P8, high level P8 and DIC decreased the mortality and oocysts shedding, but improved the growth performance and intestinal barrier. The impaired intestinal morphology in the IC group was also improved by P8H and DIC treatments. Besides, the elevated oxidative stress and pro-inflammation in Eimeria-infected broilers were reduced by P8L, P8H and DIC treatments. Metagenomic analysis indicated P8 altered the structure of the gut microbiota, and the alteration was more obvious at day 21 than day 42. Notably, IC also increased the abundances of Eimeriidae, Eimeria and Eimeria tenella at day 21, while P8L and DIC decreased the abundances. Correlation analysis revealed that bacteria in Eimeria-treated broilers positively correlated with the intestinal permeability, oxidative stress and inflammation, while bacteria in broilers receiving P8L and DIC negatively correlated with the aforementioned pathological indices. Functional prediction demonstrated that the metagenomes of Eimeria-infected broilers were involved in several diseases. But the metagenomes of P8L-treated broilers were involved in energy metabolism and replication repair. Conclusions: Dietary P8 supplementation inhibited oocyst shedding and improved the growth performance as well as the intestinal health of broilers infected with Eimeria, which was closely related to the regulation of gut microbiota. Moreover, the effects of P8 may be more effective in the early infection of coccidia.
Anti-inflammatory Compounds Produced in Hairy Roots Culture of Sphaeralcea Angustifolia
Authors: Reyes-Pérez Rogelio , Herrera-Ruiz Maribel , Perea-Arango Irene , Martínez-Morales Fernando , Arellano-García José De Jesús , Torres Maria del Pilar Nicasio
Published: April 2021

Sphaeralcea angustifolia (Cav) G. Don is used in traditional Mexican medicine to treat inflammations and gastric disease. Its anti-inflammatory and immunomodulatory activities in mice and rats acute and chronic models have been attributed mainly to scopoletin. Scopoletin reduced joint inflammation, the number of new vessels, production of endogenous angiogenic inducers, and reversed the histopathological alterations in rat adjuvant-induced arthritis. Tomentin and sphaeralcic acid from S. angustifolia cells in suspension proved anti-inflammatory and immunomodulatory activities in mice kaolin/λ-carrageenan-induced arthritis. Transformed roots of S. angustifolia have been proposed as active compounds producers. A high transformation frequency mediated by Agrobacterium rhizogenes ATCC15834/pTDT was obtained from nodal segments (59.5 ± 10.5%, 145 hairy root lines) and leaves (40.0 ± 25, 52 hairy root lines) of 2-month-old plantlets. Among seven lines selected according to their phenotypic characteristics and growth index, the SaTR N7.2 line presented the highest sphaeralcic acid production (17.6 ± 1.72 mg/g DW); this production was 440-fold superior to that reported in S. angustifolia wild plants, and in comparison to cells in the suspension of S. angustifolia in MS medium with nitrate restriction this was 263-fold higher when cultured in flasks and 5-fold higher in a stirred-tank type bioreactor. The SaTR N7.2, SaTR N5.1, SaTR N7.1, and SaTR N15.1 lines excreted sphaeralcic acid into the culture medium at similar levels. Genetic transformation of hairy roots was confirmed by amplifying a 490 bp fragment of the rolC gene. S. angustifolia hairy root cultures producers of scopoletin and sphaeralcic acid can be stressed by nitrate reduction and/or copper increased to stimulate scopoletin and sphaeralcic acid production.
Comprehensive Analysis of the Immune Effect of TGFβ1 in Colorectal Adenocarcinoma:A TGFβ1-related Prognostic Model of Tumor Microenvironment
Authors: Qian Yucheng , Zhang Lina , Wen Jihang , Mei Yanxia , Wei Jingsun , Lu Wei , Jiang Kai , Hwang Maxwell , Jin Tian , Fu Dongliang , Hu Yeting , Li Jun , Ding Kefeng
Published: April 2021

ColorColorectal cancer is one of the most common cancer worldwide. Recently, tumor microenvironment (TME), especially its remoulding , is thought to control the colorectal cancer genesis and progression. In this study, we use ESTIMATEscore to make out the proportion of immune and stromal components in colorectal adenocarcinoma (CRA) samples from The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) database. The differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were found by COX regression analysis and protein-protein interaction (PPI) network, among which TGFβ1 was supposed to be a prognosis factor and tumor environment indicator. Continuous analysis showed that TGFβ1 expression is positively correlated with lymph node metastasis (N stage) but negatively correlated with survival. Gene Set Enrichment Analysis (GSEA) revealed that the genes of the high-expression TGFβ1 group were mainly enriched in immune-related activities. Cluster analysis divided the samples into 2 subgroups. 24 HLA-related genes and 8 immune checkpoint genes were found upregulated in the high immunity group as well as TGFβ1, which suggests the possibility of novel therapies targeting immune checkpoints combined with TGFβ1. Tumor-infiltrating immune cell (TIC) profile of CRA patients was described by CIBERSORT analysis. Further analysis showed that the infiltration of Tregs and Neutrophils were positively correlated with TGFβ1 high expression. Then 3 TGFβ1-related genes were picked out to construct a prognostic model, which matches the survival data well.
Optimization of Optical Filters based on Integrated Coupled Sagnac Loop Reflectors
Authors: Moss David
Published: April 2021

We theoretically investigate integrated photonic resonators formed by two mutually coupled Sagnac loop reflectors (MC-SLRs). Mode interference in the MC-SLR resonators is tailored to achieve versatile filter shapes with high performance, which enable flexible spectral engineering for diverse applications. By adjusting the reflectivity of the Sagnac loop reflectors (SLRs) as well as the coupling strength between different SLRs, we achieve optical analogues of Fano resonance with ultrahigh spectral slope rates, wavelength interleaving / non-blocking switching functions with significantly enhanced filtering flatness, and compact bandpass filters with improved roll-off. In our designs the requirements for practical applications are considered, together with detailed analyses of the impact of structural parameters and fabrication tolerances. These results highlight the strong potential of MC-SLR resonators as advanced multi-functional integrated photonic filters for flexible spectral engineering in optical communications systems.
Selected ‘Starter Kit’ energy system modelling data for Nigeria (#CCG)
Authors: Allington Lucy , Cannone Carla , Pappis Ioannis , Barron Karla Cervantes , Usher Will , Pye Steve , Brown Edward , Howells Mark , Walker Miriam Zachau , Ahsan Aniq , Charbonnier Flora , Halloran Claire , Hirmer Stephanie , Taliotis Constantinos , Sundin Caroline , Sridha Vignesh , Ramos Eunice , Brinkerink Maarten , Deane Paul , Gritsevskyi Andrii , Moura Gustavo , Rouget Arnaud , Wogan David , Barcelona Edito , Rogner Holger
Published: April 2021

Energy system modelling can be used to assess the implications of different scenarios and support improved policymaking. However, access to data is often a barrier to starting energy system modelling in developing countries, thereby causing delays. Therefore, this article provides data that can be used to create a simple zero order energy system model for Nigeria, which can act as a starting point for further model development and scenario analysis. The data are collected entirely from publicly available and accessible sources, including the websites and databases of international organizations, journal articles, and existing modelling studies. This means that the dataset can be easily updated based on the latest available information or more detailed and accurate local data. These data were also used to calibrate a simple energy system model using the Open Source Energy Modelling System (OSeMOSYS) and two stylized scenarios (Fossil Future and Least Cost) for 2020–2050. The assumptions used and results of these scenarios are presented in the appendix as an illustrative example of what can be done with these data. This simple model can be adapted and further developed by in-country analysts and academics, providing a platform for future work.
MODERN PROBLEMS OF AUDIT SERVICES IN UKRAINE
Authors: Zhukova T. , Iermolenko K. , Plikus I.
Published: April 2021

Today, audit activity in Ukraine has a number of contradictions and misunderstandings. Lack of practical experience of auditors and the necessary resources, as well as a tight market lead to the fact that some audit firms do not perform their work well. The article reveals the shortcomings of audit activity, a number of factors influencing them, the situation and prospects for changes and development in the future, and the ways to solve existing problems. The analysis of the audit services market in Ukraine showed positive trends. Today we observe how it has expanded significantly and encompassed all areas of economic activity. The article provides a comparative description of the audit market by the total number of audit activity subjects (SAD) in 2014 - 2018. The audit market is proved to be suffering from changes in the country. The decrease in the number of audit activity subjects is associated primarily with tightening the requirements for auditors and changes in legislation, but this did not affect the volume of services provided. The problems of the market monopolization under the "Big Four" are noted. In fact, the audit of state-owned enterprises was handed over to four companies, which make up 0.4% of the total number of audit entities in Ukraine. It is emphasized that audit companies have shortcomings and unresolved issues, which include the lack of a unified audit program, the pricing of audit services, the insufficient number of methodological developments for audit control, the cost of certification of auditors, and the lack of guidelines for computerizing the audit. It is noted that the main areas of audit development in Ukraine include creating the mechanism for applying ISAs, developing the methodology for auditing financial statements of enterprises by industry, deepening cooperation between Ukrainian professional audit organizations with international and European professional organizations of accountants, auditors, developing a pricing mechanism for audit services, and improving the quality control of providing the audit services.
Hemovigilance and the Notify Library
Authors: Whitaker B.I. , Strong D.M. , Gandhi M.J. , Petrisli E.
Published: April 2021

Hemovigilance systems allow reporting of adverse occurrences associated with blood transfusion to a central database where events can be reviewed and analyzed for the benefit of patients and donors. Hemolytic and serologic transfusion reactions are among the many types of reactions reported to these systems. The Notify Library, a database of adverse events associated with medical products of human origin, has incorporated hemovigilance into its didactic resources. Students and practitioners are encouraged to use the electronic library and to further enhance this resource through review and recommendation of additional publications in the area of immunohematology.
Immunohematology

2017;33:159–164.
Information Management and Information System Analysis to Support the Achievement of University Performance Agreements with the Government
Authors: Putri Titis Sari , Tolle Herman , Aknuranda Ismiarta
Published: April 2021

State Universities in Indonesia have college performance agreement with Ministry of Education and Culture (MoEC) that consists of performance indicators and target achievements in a year. For assuring the integration, availability, and data validity of performance indicators, good information management with utilized information system is needed by entire working unit. Information management process to support data collection and target achievements on college performance agreement with MoEC in Brawijaya University still has many deficiencies. The process involves many stakeholders because it covers all areas of business in Brawijaya University (UB). Quality Asurance Center in UB as the unit that collects and processes the data of target achievements complained about data collection that takes a long time and it is often incomplete. The faculties, study programs, and other units experience the unavailability of most data and target performance indicators on information system that is used as reference for implementing business processes. The problem responded lightly by Information and Communication Technology Unit in Brawijaya University with consideration that Information System used is in accordance with the needs of the academic community. On the other hand, the responses about the problem from the lecturers, staff, and students are different. This research tries to explore and evaluate the problem and formulate the steps of transformations to refine the situation by using Soft Systems Methodology (SSM) with some additional Root Cause Analysis (RCA) stages. The major contribution of the research is giving the insights about the problem thoroughly comprising various perspective of stakeholders, transforming the refinement of the situation presented in conceptual model, and the stakeholders’ assessment of the conceptual model. This research also visualizes the implementation of RCA to dig up more perspective of the stakeholders and helps identifying the activities to construct conceptual model.
Tariff structuring in water and sanitation: public profiting arrangements on universalization initiatives
Authors: Motta-Veiga Marcelo
Published: April 2021

Water and sanitation service access is a global problem, impacting disproportionally poor communities of low-income countries. Failed universalization initiatives highlighted historical negligence, social inequality, and bad governance. Infrastructure developments require large investments, which most local governments cannot afford. Alternative funding might come from private investors through cost-effective project finance arrangements. Public services should be sustainable, conciliating users' willingness to pay with providers' willingness to supply. Governments have implemented profit-driven strategies over taxing outsourced public services to increase budget inflow. Inefficient tax schemes on essential public services have damaged universalization initiatives in developing countries. These negative taxing practices have damaged tariff structure, service sustainability, and project attractiveness. The public sector should not profit from unsustainable outsourced services that are required but they cannot supply. Water and sanitation expansions on low-income communities in developing countries should not take place as tariff-free schemes, but within a tax-exempt policy.
Isolation, production and optimization of endogenous alkaline protease from in-situ sludge and its evaluation as sludge hydrolysis enhancer
Authors: Hou Jie , Liu Wenbin , Hu Wanrong , Chen Jing , Wang Jinqiong , Li Panyu , Li Yonghong
Published: April 2021

Bioconversion (e.g. anaerobic fermentation and compost) is the common recycling method of waste activated sludge (WAS) and its hydrolysis, as the rate-limiting step of fermentation, could be accelerated by protease. However, the commercial protease was unstable in a sludge environment, which increased the cost. An endogenous alkaline protease stable in sludge environment was screened in this study and its suitability for treating the sludge was analyzed. The optimal production medium was determined by Response Surface Methodology as starch 20 g/L, KH2PO4 4 g/L, MgSO4·7H2O 1 g/L, sodium carboxy-methyl-cellulose 4 g/L, casein 4 g/L and initial pH 11.3, which elevated the yield of protease by up to 15 times (713.46 U/mL) compared with the basal medium. The obtained protease was active and stable at 35 °C–50 °C and pH 7.0–11.0. Furthermore, it was highly tolerant to sludge environment and maintained high efficiency of sludge hydrolysis for a long time. Thus, the obtained protease significantly hydrolyzed WAS and improved its bioavailability. Overall, this work provided a new insight for enzymatic treatment of WAS by isolating the endogenous and stable protease in a sludge environment, which would promote the resource utilization of WAS by further bioconversion.
Evaluation of the Binding Affinity of a Gonadotropin-Releasing Hormone
Analogue (GnRH-a) Buserelin through In silico and In vivo Testing in
Clarias magur
Authors: Kumar Mukesh , Goswami Mukunda , Nayak Sunil Kumar , Gireesh-Babu P. , Chaudhari Aparna
Published: April 2021

Aim:

To evaluate the binding affinity and biological potency of gonadotropin-releasing
hormone analogue (GnRHa) Buserelin (C60H86N16O13) based on in silico and in vivo testing for induced
breeding in Clarias magur.

Background:

Many attempts have been made to induce C. magur, but encouraging results have
not yet been achieved. Hence, it is the need of the hour to find out more potent analogues or other
bio-molecules for induced breeding in C. magur to facilitate sustainable aquaculture.

Objective:

To determine the binding affinity of C. magur GnRH receptor through in silico and to
validate it for induced breeding of C. magur.

Methods:

Buserelin (C60H86N16O13) was selected as the potential GnRHa after screening several peptides
for their binding energy with the C. magur GnRH receptor. The induced breeding trial was set
up at ICAR-CIFE Powarkheda Centre, M.P. India, and Buserelin was administered in different doses
to the brooders along with the dopamine inhibitor domperidone. The standard treatment with the
commercial salmon GnRH (sGnRH) analogue Ovaprim® (Syndel, USA) was used as the control.

Results:

The 3-D structure of C. magur GnRH receptor was generated using MODELLER software.
Molecular docking studies revealed the binding preference of the receptor as chicken (c) Gn-
RH-II > Buserelin > sGnRH > catfish (cf) GnRH > human (m) GnRH. Though Buserelin showed
better binding affinity compared to sGnRH, induced breeding experiments with magur showed similar
performance of the ligands at the equivalent dose of 20 μg/kg B.W., but the spontaneous release
of milt from the males was not observed in both cases. Significantly better reproductive parameters
were recorded with Buserelin at the dose of 30 μg/kg B.W.

Conclusion:

The study revealed that that the GnRHa Buserelin can be used as an effective inducing
agent for breeding in C. magur.
Method for automatic control of assigning details to completed electronic document
Authors: Mazin A. , Korolev I. , Nazintsev V. , Okrachkov A. , Us K.
Published: April 2021

In this article, the subject of research is the sub-process of controlling the assignment of requisites to the electronic document of the process of registration and preparation of completed electronic documents for transfer to archival storage in the electronic document management system. The aim of the research is to develop a method for automatic control of the assignment of details to a completed electronic document. In the course of the study, the requirements of regulatory legal acts of federal executive bodies in the field of office work and archiving were analyzed, in terms of the registration of electronic files and their preparation for transfer to archival storage, scientific publications covering the issues of automation of office work in electronic office systems. A functional model was built for the process of control of registration and preparation for the delivery of electronic files for archival storage using the IDEF 0 methodology in a model for performing the sub-process of assigning details to a completed electronic document of the process of controlling registration and preparation for the delivery of electronic documents using the theory of logic (predicate logic). A method has been developed for automatic control of the assignment of requisites to a completed electronic case, which can be used in the design of advanced electronic document management systems, as well as modernization of existing ones by creating software modules that implement the functions of automatic control of the registration of completed electronic cases. This method makes it possible to increase the efficiency of the process of preparing completed electronic files for transfer to archival storage.
PENINGKATAN MOTIVASI, KEDISIPLINAN, DAN PRESTASI BELAJAR IPS SISWA KELAS VII E SMP NEGERI 2 KALASAN MELALUI METODE GROUP INVESTIGASI (GI)
Authors: Ambarwati Tutik
Published: April 2021

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui peningkatan motivasi, kedisiplinan, dan prestasi belajar siswa kelas VIIE SMP Negeri 2 Kalasan Tahun Pelajaran 2015/2016 melalui Metode Group Investigasi (GI). Metode penelitian GI yang digunakan adalah Penelitian Tindakan Kelas (PTK). Penelitian ini dilakukan dikelas VIIE SMP Negeri 2 Kalasan dengan jumlah subjek 32 Siswa, terdiri dari 15 siswa laki-laki dan 17 siswa perempuan, dengan penelitian dua siklus. Siklus 1 terdiri dari 2 pertemuan, demikian juga siklus 2 terdiri dari 2 pertemuan. Hasil dari penelitian motivasi belajar mengalami peningkatan dari pra siklus 21,00%, siklus 1 66,78%, siklus 2 76,25%, Kedisiplinan belajar Pra Siklus 37,00 Siklus 1 70,17% Siklus 2 76,37% , Sedang untuk Prestasi Belajar Pra Siklus 21,88% Siklus 1 77,19% Siklus 2 81,25%. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa motivasi, kedisiplinan, dan prestasi belajar siswa kelas VIIE SMP Negeri 2 Kalasan tahun 2015/2016 dapat ditingkatkan melalui pembelajaran group investigasi. Dengan pembelajaran tipe grup investigasi menjadikan bersaingnya tiap kelompok yang akan berdampak pada peningkatan prestasi kelompok maupun individu.
PRIBUMISASI ILMU-ILMU SOSIAL DAN PEMBARUAN PEMBELAJARAN IPS TERPADU DI SEKOLAH
Authors: Sudrajat Sudrajat , Puntaswari Nugraheni Catur , Sulistyosari Yunike , Astuti Dwi Sri
Published: April 2021

Ilmu sosial di negara berkembang (salah satunya Indonesia) masih mengguna-kan paradigma ilmu sosial di Barat (Eropa) sehingga dalam beberapa kasus menjadi tidak relevan ketika digunakan untuk memecahkan masalah sosial. Penelitian menggunakan metode kajian pustaka yaitu sebuah pencarian kebenaran secara otoritatif melalui pendapat dan kajian ahli yang dituliskan dalam buku dan referensi. Hasil kajian menemukan bahwa perkembangan ilmu sosial di Indonesia memang tidak dapat dilepaskan dari dunia Barat. Pribumisasi merupakan wacana untuk menumbuhkan pemikiran baru dalam ilmu-ilmu sosial di Indonesia agar lebih kontekstual. Beberapa tokoh menawarkan teori sosial alternatif yang mengkedepankan pribumisasi ilmu sosial yaitu: Kuntowoyo, Sartono Kartodirjo, Mubyarto, Purwa Santoso, dan Zamroni. Upaya pribumisasi harus ditindaklanjuti dengan mengajarkan ilmu sosial alternatif dalam berbagai jenjang pendidikan. Pembaruan IPS Terpadu dengan pembelajaran alternatif menjadi upaya yang efektif untuk membumikan ilmu sosial yang khas Indonesia.INDIGENIZATION OF SOCIAL SCIENCES AND RENEWING OF INTEGRATED SOCIAL SCIENCES LEARNING Social science in developing countries (one of which is Indonesia) still uses the social science paradigm in the West (Europe) so that in some cases it becomes irrelevant when it is used to solve social problems. The research used the literature review method, which is an authoritative search for truth through expert opinions and studies written in books and references. The results of the study found that the development of social science in Indonesia cannot be separated from the Western world. Privatization is a discourse to foster new thinking in the social sciences in Indonesia to make it more contextual. Several figures offered alternative social theories that prioritized the indigenization of social science, namely: Kuntowoyo, Sartono Kartodirjo, Mubyarto, Purwa Santoso, and Zamroni. Indigenousization efforts must be followed up by teaching alternative social sciences at various levels of education. Integrated IPS reform with alternative learning is an effective effort to ground social science that is unique to Indonesia.
ADAPTASI DAN TOLERANSI PENGUNGSI MAMUYA DI TOBELO HALMAHERA UTARA
Authors: Katudju Berni , Lamarisi Maryam , Umaternate Rasyid , Kerebungu Ferdinand
Published: April 2021

Penelitian bertujuan untuk mengetahui faktor penyebab pengungsi Mamuya lebih memilih tetap tinggal di Desa Wari dibandingkan dengan kembali ke desa asalnya di Mamuya. Metode penelitian yang digunakan adalah metode kualitatif, dengan teknik pengumpulan data dilakukan dengan observasi dan wawancara. Teknik analisis data dilakukan dengan menggunakan teknik analisis data interaktif model Miles & Huberman. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa: 1) rata-rata pengungsi Mamuya yang mengungsi di Desa Wari, sebagian besar beragama Kristen, ada juga sekitar 5 keluarga Protestan dengan jumlah keseluruhan tiga ratus penduduk. Persamaan agama dengan penduduk desa Wari menjadi salah satu pertimbangan khusus bagi para pengungsi untuk tetap tinggal; 2) pengungsi Mamuya merasa senang, dan menikmati hidup di Desa Wari, karena kedua desa masih memiliki ikatan keluarga.ADAPTATION AND TOLERANCE OF MAMUYA REFUGEES IN TOBELO NORTH HALMAHERA This study aims to determine the factors that cause Mamuya refugees to prefer to stay in Wari Village compared to returning to their home village in Mamuya. The research method used is a qualitative method, with data collection techniques carried out by observation and interviews. The data analysis technique was performed using the interactive data analysis technique of the Miles & Huberman model. The results showed that: 1) on average, Mamuya refugees who took refuge in Wari Village, most of them are Christians, there are also about 5 Protestant families with a total of three hundred inhabitants. The similarity of religion with the villagers of Wari is one of the special considerations for the refugees to stay; 2) Mamuya refugees feel happy and enjoy life in Wari Village because the two villages still have family ties.
Hubungan antara tingkat pendidikan ibu dan disiplin belajar terhadap prestasi belajar IPS siswa sekolah menengah pertama di Kota Mungkid, Kabupaten Magelang
Authors: Arifa Ina , Sudrajat Sudrajat
Published: April 2021

Tingkat pendidikan orang tua yang baik mampu membimbing dan mengarahkan puteranya dalam mengikuti kegiatan belajar di sekolah. Tujuan penelitian untuk mengetahui (1) hubungan tingkat pendidikan ibu dengan prestasi belajar IPS peserta didik SMP di Kota Mungkid, Magelang; (2) hubungan antara kedisiplinan belajar dengan prestasi belajar IPS; (3) hubungan tingkat pendidikan ibu dan kedisiplinan belajar terhadap prestasi belajar IPS. Penelitian menggunakan metode penelitian kuantitatif jenis korelasional. Sampel penelitian siswa kelas VII dan VIII SMP Negeri 1 Kota Mungkid sebanyak 182 orang. Teknik pengumpulan data menggunakan kuesioner dan dokumentasi. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa: (1) terdapat hubungan positif dan signifikan antara tingkat pendidikan ibu dengan prestasi belajar IPS (rhitung:  0,458 > rtabel: 0,148); (2) terdapat hubungan positif dan signifikan antara disiplin belajar siswa dengan prestasi belajar IPS (rhitung: 0,383 > rtabel: 0,148); (3) terdapat hubungan positif dan signifikan secara bersama-sama tingakat pendidikan ibu dan disiplin belajar siswa terhadap prestasi belajar IPS (Fhitung: 24,796 > Ftabel: 3,05).The relationship between the level of maternal education and learning discipline on the social studies learning achievement of junior high school students in Mungkid City, Magelang RegencyA good level of parental education proficient able to guide and control their sons in participating in learning activities at school. This research aims to determine (1) the relationship between the level of maternal education and the social studies learning achievement of junior high school students in Mungkid City, Magelang; (2) the relationship between learning discipline and social studies learning achievement; (3) the relationship between mother's education level and learning discipline on social studies learning achievement. This research uses correlational quantitative research methods. The sample of the research was 182 grade students of SMP Negeri 1 Mungkid City. Data collection techniques using questionnaires and documentation. The results of this study indicate that: (1) there is a positive and significant relationship between maternal education level and social studies learning achievement (rcount: 0.458> rtable: 0.148); (2) there is a positive and significant relationship between student learning discipline and social studies learning achievement (rcount: 0.383> rtable: 0.148); (3) there is a positive and significant relationship together with the level of maternal education and student learning discipline on social studies learning achievement (Fcount: 24.796> Ftable: 3.05).
Pembentukan karakter melalui outdoor learning dalam pembelajaran IPS
Authors: Milhani Yuhanida
Published: April 2021

Tujuan penelitian adalah mengetahui bagaimana pembentukan karakter melalui outdoor learning dalam pembelajaran IPS SMP. Metode yang dingunakan yaitu penelitian kualitatif. Penelitian dilakukan di SMP Tumbuh Yogyakarta. Data diperoleh dari hasil indept interview dengan key informan: kepala sekolah, para wakil kepala sekolah, wali kelas, guru, dan siswa. Data dianalisis dengan menggunakan langkah-langkah: data reduction, data display, dan conclusion/verification). Berdasarkan hasil penelitian dapat disimpulkan: 1) Pembentukan  karakter dapat dibagi menjadi dua strategi , yaitu internal dan eksternal sekolah; 2) strategi internal sekolah dapat ditempuh melalui empat pilar, yakni kegiatan belajar mengajar di kelas dengan metode pembelajaran yang telah disiapkan, kegiatan keseharian dalam bentuk school culture, kegiatan habituation, kegiatan kokurikuler, dan ekstra kurikuler; dan 3) strategi eksternal dapat ditempuh melalui kerja sama dengan orang tua dan masyarakat.Character building through outdoor learning in social studies learningThe purpose of this study was to determine how character formation through outdoor learning in junior high school social studies learning. The method used is qualitative research. The research was conducted at SMP Tumbuh Yogyakarta. Data obtained from the results of indept interviews with key informants: school principals, vice principals, homeroom teachers, teachers, and students. Data were analyzed using the following steps: data reduction, display data, and conclusion/verification). Based on the research results, it can be concluded that: (1) Character building can be divided into two strategies, namely internal and external schools; (2) the school's internal strategy can be pursued through four pillars, namely teaching and learning activities in class with prepared learning methods, daily activities in the form of school culture, habituation activities, co-curricular activities, and extra-curricular activities; and (3) external strategies can be pursued in collaboration with parents and the community.
Restauração do Sistema de Organização
Authors: RSP Editor
Published: April 2021

Dentre as recentes iniciativas de irrecuzável interesse para a administração, por isso que possibilita aperfeiçoar o mecanismo administrativo, mediante a reforma dos diversos serviços, a racionalização dos métodos e rotinas de trabalho, merece especial registro a restauração do sistema de organização, aplicável aos Ministérios Civis.
O Problema da Expansão das Areas Locais
Authors: Delorenzo Neto Antônio
Published: April 2021

O Município é preliminarmente uma realidade geográfica, e também, reconhecidamente,uma realidade jurídica. O sentido geográfico e jurídico dêsseelemento constitutivo do Estado, em análise mais profunda, deve ser completadopela compreensão de sua realidade social. Insular-se o Município apenasdentro do quadro estritamente geográfico-jurídico, será como retirar dêleo que mais importa, isto é, o fator humano, que lhe comunica organicidade,compondo a vida mesma das comunidades.
As Origens do Mandado de Segurança
Authors: Wald Arnold
Published: April 2021

O mandado de segurança surgiu no direito administrativo brasileiro,no artigo 113, n.° 33 da Constituição Federal de 1934, como sucessor da açãosumária especial e sob a tríplice influência da doutrina brasileira do habeascorpus,da teoria da posse dos direitos pessoais e de certos institutos existentesno direito estrangeiro, como o amparo mexicano.