bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
EKONOMİDE DİJİTAL DÖNÜŞÜM: BLOCKCHAIN TEKNOLOJİSİ VE UYGULAMA ALANLARI ÜZERİNE BİR İNCELEME
Authors: YAVUZ Melih
Published: March 2019

21.
yüzyıl bilgi ve iletişim teknolojilerinde önemli gelişmelere sahne olmuştur.
Özellikle iletişim teknolojilerinde yaşanan kayda değer gelişmeler sonucu
akıllı telefonların ortaya çıkması, interneti insanların günlük yaşantılarında
sürekli kullandıkları bir teknoloji haline getirmiştir. Bu gelişmeler hayatın
pek çok alanını değiştirdiği gibi ekonomik faaliyetleri de değiştirmiş ve bu
faaliyetleri internet ortamına taşımıştır. Günümüzde bankacılık işlemlerinden,
alışverişe kadar pek çok faaliyet internet üzerinden kolaylıkla yapılabilmektedir.
Ancak internetin sunduğu bu kolaylıklar, güvenlik açıkları, verilerin çalınması
gibi pek çok sorunu da beraberinde getirmektedir. Bu noktada blockchain teknolojisinin
güvenlik açıklarına karşı korumalı ve bir ağ üzerinde şifrelenen verilerin
yönetimini sağlayan dağınık bir veri tabanı oluşu, bu kronikleşmiş sorunların
çözülmesinin yanı sıra günümüz ekonomilerinde yaşanan pek çok soruna da
çözümler sunmaktadır. Bu çerçevede blockchain tabanlı ekosistemlerin
oluşturulması amacıyla kamu/özel destekli pek çok platform hali hazırda
çalışmalar yürütmektedir. Bu çalışmada, Blockchain’in altyapısını oluşturan
teknoloji hakkında bilgi verilmiş ve bu teknolojinin kullanım alanları doğrultusunda uygulama alanları incelenmiştir.
Comparative Studied of Degradation of Textile Brilliant Reactive Red Dye Using H2O2, TiO2, UV and Sunlight
Authors: Mohammed Forqan , Mousa Khalid M.
Published: March 2019

In this study sunlight and UV radiation were used to compare the efficiency of decolorization of textile wastewater containing brilliant reactive red dye K-2BP (?max = 534 nm) by the advanced oxidation process (AOP) using (H2O2/sunlight, H2O2/UV, H2O2/TiO2/sunlight, and H2O2/TiO2/UV). The results studied the effect of solution pH, applied H2O2 concentration, TiO2 concentration (nanoparticle), and initial dye concentration were studied. The experimental results showed that decolorization percentage with H2O2/sunlight and TiO2/H2O2/sunlight under the following conditions: - reaction time 150 of minutes, [ 500 ppm] H2O2, [100 ppm] TiO2, pH=3, initial dye concentration =15 ppm and at ambient temperature were 95.7% and 98.42% respectively. For the same conditions using H2O2/UV, H2O2/TiO2 /UV, the percentage of decolorization were 97.85% and 96.33% respectively. The results also indicated that the sunlight is more economic and cost-effective than UV radiation.
Subjetividades en cuarto medio. Juventudes y segmentación escolar en Chile
Authors: Muñoz Tamayo Víctor
Published: March 2019

El artículo relaciona la segmentación estructural del sistema educacional chileno con las heterogéneas subjetividades que sus estudiantes desarrollan sobre sus vidas, sueños, metas y vínculos sociales. Para ello se analizan 14 grupos de discusión con estudiantes que cursan el cuarto y último año de la educación escolar, en colegios representativos de los diferentes segmentos que producen las segregaciones económicas y académicas del modelo educativo, lo que se asocia a una heterogeneidad que cubre sectores populares, grupos medios, medios altos y altos, de Santiago y provincias. Se concluye una relación directa entre tales aspectos estructurales y las percepciones de temor, certidumbre, incertidumbre, confianza, angustia y control individual del futuro.
Los jóvenes de la Universidad Católica Silva Henríquez (UCSH) como sujetos políticos en los movimientos sociales
Authors: Brito Rodríguez Sonia , Posada Lecompte Margarita , Castro Solís Nicolás
Published: March 2019

El presente artículo se refiere a la comprensión de sí mismos que tienen los estudiantes de la UCSH en tanto sujetos políticos y sus prácticas ciudadanas y democráticas, en relación con los movimientos estudiantiles de educación media y superior de los últimos 10 años. En 2017 se realizó una investigación mediante la estrategia de grupos de discusión y entrevistas en profundidad, en la cual participaron 38 informantes clave (estudiantes de las diversas facultades y egresados de la UCSH) que han sido delegados de sus carreras o participan en la federación de estudiantes. Del análisis de las narraciones se desprende que los jóvenes se reconocen como agentes políticos capaces de movilizar personas, ideas y proyectos de cambio en torno a la educación y a la transformación del país. Ellos comprenden y actúan en lo político, denunciando y demandando cambios estructurales; para ello utilizan estrategias que emplazan a la institución y a la sociedad civil a visibilizar una problemática postergada y la instalan en la agenda pública. Estos movimientos juveniles promueven una nueva forma de entender la política, la participación, y de ejercer la ciudadanía en la búsqueda de mayores condiciones de equidad y justicia social.
Terrestrial heat flow versus crustal thickness and topography – European continental study
Authors: Majorowicz Jacek Andrew , Grad Marek , Polkowski Marcin
Published: March 2019

The relation between heat ﬂow, topography and Moho depth for recent maps of Europe is presented. Newest heat ﬂow map of Europe is based on updated database of uncorrected heat ﬂow values to which paleoclimatic correction is applied across the continental Europe (Majorowicz and Wybraniec 2010). Correction is depth dependent due to a diﬀusive thermal transfer of the surface temperature forcing, of which glacial–interglacial history has the largest impact. This explains some very low uncorrected heat ﬂow values of 20–30 mW/m2in shallow boreholes in the shields, shallow basin areas of the cratons, and in other areas including orogenic belts where heat ﬂow was likely underestimated due to small depth of the temperature logs. New integrated map of the European Moho depth (Grad et al 2009) is the ﬁrst high resolution digital map for European plate, which is understood as an area from Ural Mountains in the east to mid-Atlantic ridge in the west, and Mediterranean Sea in the south to Spitsbergen and Barents Sea in Arctic, in the north. For correlation we used the following: onshore heat ﬂow density data with palaeoclimatic correction (5318 locations), topography map (30x30 arc seconds, by Danielson and Gesch 2011) and Moho map by Grad et al (2009), providing longitude, latitude and Moho depth (with resolution of 0.1 degree). Analysis was limited to locations for which datasets were available. The area of continental Europe has been divided into two large domains: Precambrian East European craton and Palaeozoic Platform of the West Europe. In addition, two smaller areas were considered, corresponding to Scandinavian Caledonides and Anatolia. The results obtained reveal significantly diﬀerent correlations between Moho depth, elevation and heat ﬂow for these regions. For each region detailed analysis of these relations in diﬀerent elevation ranges are presented. In general, it is observed that Moho depth is more signiﬁcant for heat flow than elevation. Depending on the region and elevation range, heat flow value is up to two times larger than Moho depth, while relation of heat flow to elevation has much more variability.
New Media Ethics
Authors: Wuryanta AG. Eka Wenats
Published: March 2019

This paper departs from the research literature especially relating to new media phenomenon. The paper also departs from the empirical fact that contemporary of media communication experience dramatic growth. New media with a packaging technology that continues to move dynamicallyopens possibilities far beyond the boundaries of space and time.
Integrasi Kaidah Fiqih dalam Pembelajaran Ekologi
Authors: Setiawan Adib Rifqi
Published: March 2019

Tujuan esai ini ialah untuk mengembangkan rancangan pembelajaran ekologi dengan mengintegrasikan kaidah fiqih sebagai upaya untuk meningkatkan motivasi belajar dan melatih literasi saintifik siswa. Diperoleh hasil bahwa kaidah fiqih dapat diintegrasikan ke dalam pembelajaran ekologi. Dalam integrasi tersebut, kaidah fiqih yang dipilih ialah kaidah keempat dari lima kaidah utama yaitu, “menghilangkan bahaya” (Arab: الضَّرَرُ يُزَالُ). Sementara konsep ekologi yang diambil berupa faktor penunjang kehidupan di bumi, ekosistem, dan perubahan lingkungan. Literasi saintifik dapat diukur menggunakan indikator kompetensi literasi saintifik dari kerangka kerja PISA (Programme for International Student Assessment; Program Penilaian Pelajar Internasional). Untuk motivasi belajar bisa diukur berdasarkan science motivation questionnaire (SMQ) yang terdiri dari 30 buah pertanyaan yang dinilai menggunakan Skala Likert tipe 5 skala.
PENERAPAN PEMBELAJARAN MENGGUNAKAN MEDIA PEMBELAJARAN BERBASIS ANIMASI FLASH PADA MATA PELAJARAN PENGUKURAN LISTRIK DI SMKN 5 PADANG
Authors: Yanto Doni Tri Putra , aswardi aswardi aswardi , Habibullah
Published: March 2019

This reseach is oriented because there many students leraning result that still not reach the KKM yet at Electricity Measurement subject grade X TITL in SMKN 5 Padang. There are many factor wich influence the low of students learning result such as learning process by using coventional method and media that used by teacher in learning are module and only use the whiteboard. Based on the factors, then conducted the research in experiment form to increase students learning result by using learning media base flash animation.The method that use in this research is quasy exmeriment with Pretest-Posttest One Group Design. Subject of this research are students grade X L2 SMKN 5 Padang, at semester July-December 2013, wich consist of 31 students. Data collecting in the research use test (Pretest-Posttest) namely objective questions. The questions of test that used presedely conducted the try out to know validity, reliability, level of difficulity, and distinguis power questions. Based on the result of research, obtained 25 items of test questions.The result of research indicated that there is an increasing of students learning result grade X TITL in SMKN 5 Padang at Electricity Measurement subject. Increasing occurs at high level (0,71) where 18 students are on high level and 13 others are on middle level increasing. Based on the result of research, can be concluded that the implementation of flash animation media at Electricity Measurement subject grade X TITL in SMKN 5 Padang can increase students learning result at high level (0,71).
DAMPAK PROGRAM PERCEPATAN PENINGKATAN TATA GUNA AIR IRIGASI (P3TGAI) SECARA PARTISIPATIF TERHADAP KETAHANAN PANGAN NASIONAL DI KABUPATEN BONE BOLANGO
Authors: Indrianti Merita Ayu , Olii Karmila
Published: March 2019

ABSTRAK Sarana irigasi merupakan faktor penting dalam usaha tani khususnya tanaman pangan. Sistem irigasi merupakan tulang punggung ketahanan pangan keluarga yang bermuara pada ketahanan pangan tingkat nasional. Penelitian dilakukan di Kabupaten Bone Bolango. Tujuan penelitian; 1) mengetahui tingkat partisipasi petani pemakai air dalam pelaksanaan program P3-TGAI, 2) hubungan antara faktor-faktor yang mempengaruhi tingkat partisipasi petani, 3) dampak program P3-TGAI secara partisipatif. Penelitian menggunakan metode survei serta analisis deskriptif dan korelasi rank spearman. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan: 1) Tingkat partisipasi petani pada tahap perencanaan mencapai skor 58,86% kategori selalu, pada tahap pelaksanaan mencapai skor 80,14% kategori selalu dan tahap evaluasi mencapai skor 77,30% kategori sering. 2) Faktor internal: tingkat pendidikan (0,240**) berhubungan nyata pada tahap perencanaan dengan taraf signifikan 0,01. Faktor eksternal: penyuluhan berhubungan nyata pada tahap perencanaan dan tahap evaluasi (0,352**) dan (-0,254**) taraf signifikan 0,01. –pembinaan berhubungan nyata pada tahap perencanaan (0,237**) dengan taraf signifikan 0,01. 3) Program percepatan peningkatan tata guna air irigasi memberikan dampak baik kepada petani dengan nilai persentase (63,82%) , karena dengan adanya program ini dapat mengatasi kesulitan air yang dibutuhkan oleh petani.
PENERAPAN AKUNTANSI PERTANGGUNGJAWABAN DENGAN ANGGARAN SEBAGAI ALAT PENGENDALIAN BIAYA PADA PT. GUNUNG NAGA MAS PADANG
Authors: sunreni  , Asril Wira Pratiwi , Asmeri Rina
Published: March 2019

Pada umumnya perusahaan bertujuan untuk memperoleh laba agar dapat bertahan dalam menghadapi persaingan pasar yang serba kompetitif. Salah satu upayanya adalah dengan menghasilkan produk yang berkualitas. Sehingga menjadikan persaingan yang semakin hari semakin meningkat oleh karena itu harus dilakukan perencanaan, pengendalian terhadap biaya-biaya yang dikeluarkan dan mengurangi biaya-biaya yang tidak efektif dalam kegiatannya. Penerapkan akuntansi pertanggungjawaban dapat dievaluasi dengan melihat sejauh mana manajemen perusahaan menjalankan syarat dan karakteristik akuntansi pertanggungjawaban yakni struktur organisasi, anggaran, pemisahan biaya,laporan pertanggungjawaban kode rekening, pusat pertanggungjawaban, standar pengukuran kinerja, pengukuran kinerja , serta pemberian penghargaan dan hukuman. Adapun tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui bagaimana penerapan akuntansi pertanggungjawaban dengan anggaran sebagai alat pengendalian biaya pada PT. Gunung Naga Mas Padang. Metode penelitian yang dilakukan dalam penelitian ini adalah metode analisis kualitatif dan metode analisis kuantitatif. Dari hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa penerapan akuntansi pertanggungjawaban belum berjalan dengan baik, dimana manajemen belum menerapkan sepenuhnya unsur-unsur akuntansi pertanggungjawaban dan tidak melakukan penelusuran secara mendalam atas penyimpangan yang terjadi.
Program PSCAD Simulasi Distribusi Tegangan Impuls Di Belitan Transformator
Authors: Masdi Hendri Masdi
Published: March 2019

Dalam penelitian ini dilakukan analisis distribusitegangan impuls di belitan transformator, dan respon belitanterhadap tegangan impuls dengan gelombang standard penuhdan tepotong terutama di ujung-ujung belitan.Data eksperimental dibandingkan dengan simulasi PSCAD,diperoleh hasil t <1.0 µ s terjadi perbedaan tegangan. Setelah t>2,0 µ s diperoleh tegangan mendekati sama besar, antara hasileksperimental dan simulasi. Jadi dapat dikatakan bahwarangkaian simulasi PSCAD dapat menirukan keadaansebenarnya dengan baik.Konstruksi belitan serta ketebalan isolası (Cs dan Cg) trafo,ternyata mempunyai pengaruh yang besar terhadap distribusitegangan trafo saat mengalami transient (gejala peralihan).Bagian belitan yang terdekat dengan terminal tegangantinggi akan mengalami gradien tegangan palng tinggidibandingkan bagian-bagian belitan yang lain, pengujiandilakukan dengan bentuk standar surja arus menuruti IEC+71yaitu 8/20 µ s.Informasi penting yang diperoleh dari studi ini adalahbahwa simulasi memberikan hasil yang lebih pesimistik(perhitungan PSCAD menurjukkan nilai tegangan yang lebihbesar dibandingkan dengan keadaan sesungguhnya /eksperimental). Jadi sekalipun sulit menirukan perilaku belitandi daerah awal transien, namun keadaan sesungguhnyatidaklah lebih buruk. Dengan demikian, simulasi PSCAD inidapat dipergunakan sebagai substitusi dari eksperimentalapabila ingin mengetahui tanggapan belitan terhadap surjaarus
DIVERSIFIKASI PANGAN MELALUI SISTEM USAHA TANI AGROFORESTRI DI KABUPATEN BOALEMO
Authors: Indrianti Merita Ayu , Ulfiasih
Published: March 2019

Penelitian ini dilakukan di Kabupaten Boalemo pada Bulan April 2018 dengan tujuan untuk mengkaji upaya diversifikasi pangan melalui sistem usahatani agroforestri. Responden dalam penelitian ini adalah petani agroforestri. Data yang diperoleh merupakan data kualitatif. Data ini di analisis menggunakan analisis deskriptif. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa petani agroforestri sudah berupaya melakukan diversifikasi pangan dengan menanam jenis tanaman pangan selain padi dan jagung yaitu singkong dan kacang hijau meskipun belum diusahakan secara komersial.
ANALISA POTENSI ECENG GONDOK (Eichhornia crassipes ) DANAU LIMBOTO SEBAGAI PAKAN TERNAK
Authors: Indrianti Merita Ayu
Published: March 2019

ABSTRAK Pakan merupakan faktor penting yang menentukan keberhasilan usaha peternakan. Tinggi rendahnya nilai suatu bahan pakan ditentukan oleh kualitas dan kuantitas nutrien yang terkandung di dalamnya. Berbagai penelitian tentang penerapan teknologi pengolahan pakan telah dilakukan untuk mencari bahan baku pakan alternatif. Usaha tersebut untuk mengurangi impor bahan baku pakan dan menurunkan biaya produksi. Eceng gondok adalah tumbuhan air yang sering merusak lingkungan, dapat menyumbat saluran irigasi, mempercepat hilangnya air, mencemari area penangkapan ikan dan penyebab degradasi lingkungan habitatnya terutama di danau,sungai dan rawa. Enceng gondok tumbuh dengan cepat, sehingga diperlukan upaya untuk menanganinya agar tidak mengganggu dan merusak lingkungan. Penelitian ini bertujuan menganalisa potensi dari tanaman Eceng gondok (Eichornia crasipes) Danau Limboto Kabupaten Gorontalo sebagai pakan ternak. Sebanyak 15 kg daun dan batang eceng gondok segar diambil dari Danau Limboto dan dianalisa kandungan nutrisinya. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan kandungan nutrisi eceng gondok adalah : Bahan Kering (BK) 17.20 %, Serat Kasar (SK) 4.08 % , Protein Kasar (PK) 3.55 %, Karbohidrat 8.22 % dan Kadar Abu sebesar 3.93 %. Sebagai tanaman yang berpotensi pakan ternak, eceng gondok dapat diberikan dalam bentuk segar, kering dalam bentuk tepung maupun diolah dalam bentuk silase dan melalui proses fermentasi .
PENGARUH PENGELUARAN PEMERINTAH, INVESTASI, SERTA TENAGA KERJA YANG TERSERAP TERHADAP PRODUK DOMESTIK RATIO BRUTO (PDRB) DI KOTA SAMARINDA
Authors: Nur Adi Aspian
Published: March 2019

This study was based on theory of economic development. Like that : CobbDouglass Theory and Production function. Cobb Douglass explain that productionfunction theory not only focus to capital, but too with teknologi and labour to increaseeconomy growth. Production function explain too about component in system productionlike that input, procces and output. Input component is land, labour, capital, management,energy, information, etc which role become component from product that.This research used secondary data published by central bureau of statistic,government expenditure, investation,labour and product domestic ratio bruto in period of1998-2007.This analytical results using multiple regression aided by EVIEWS software ofversion 4. and before analysis data, it recommended data do it stationer test it showedstationer or not stationer. Analysis result to show that government expenditure notsignificant to product domestic ratio bruto, investation not too significant to productdomestic ratio bruto, and then absorp labour give significant point to product domesticratio bruto. Over all if looked back to human resourced like mentality. And once againmust be important “How to become good governance"
IMPLEMENTASI SISTEM AGROFORESTRI SEBAGAI SOLUSI PERTANIAN BERKELANJUTAN DI GORONTALO
Authors: Indrianti Merita Ayu , Ulfiasih
Published: March 2019

Minimnya jumlah lahan subur saat ini membuat petani mengubah mindsetnya untuk melanjutkan usahataninya dikawasan hutan dengan pola yang berbeda yaitu sistem agroforestri. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk mengkaji seberapa besar peran agroforestri dalam mendukung pertanian berkelanjutan. Metode pengkajian ini menggunakan metode review literature dengan cara membandingan data-data sekunder berupa penelitian terdahulu. Agroforestri memiliki peran penting dalam mendukung pertanian berkelanjutan (sustainable agriculture) sebagai fungsi produksi (ekonomi), fungsi konservasi (ekologi) serta fungsi sosial budaya (sosio-culture).
Creation of a gamefish occurrence dataset from public-focused informational newsletters
Authors: Hedreen Rebecca , Grace Sean
Published: March 2019

Fish and wildlife agencies produce a bounty of information aimed at the public. Under the right circumstances, that information can be compiled into scientifically useful data to complement full scientific studies. This poster describes some preliminary results from a project to compile mentions of gamefish species, locations, and sizes throughout the Long Island Sound and surrounding waters from the Weekly Fishing Report (2006, 2008-2018) and the Trophy Fish Report (2009-2017), both produced by the Connecticut Dept. of Energy and Environmental Protection. The dataset consists of more than 20,000 entries from the reports collected weekly by DEEP employees from tackle shops and charter companies. The current portion of the analysis is to determine the characteristics of the dataset, such as entry types, species counts, and some general trends. Presented at the 2019 NEAFWA Conference in Groton, CT and the 2019 CSCU Faculty Research Conference at SCSU in New Haven, CT.
Neural Correlates of Intertemporal Choice In Aggressive Behavior
Authors: Chester David , Bell Sarah Beth , DeWall C. Nathan , West Samuel James , Romero-Lopez Marisabel , Craig Adam
Published: March 2019

People often have to make decisions between immediate rewards and more long-term goals. Such intertemporal judgments are often investigated in the context of monetary choice or drug use, yet not in regards to aggressive behavior. We combined a novel intertemporal aggression paradigm with functional neuroimaging to examine the role of temporal delay in aggressive behavior and the neural correlates thereof. Sixty-one participants (aged 18-22; 37 females) exhibited substantial variability in the extent to which they selected immediate acts of lesser aggression versus delayed acts of greater aggression against a same-sex opponent. Choosing delayed-yet-more-severe aggression was increased by provocation and associated with greater self-control. Preferences for delayed aggression were associated with greater activity in the ventromedial prefrontal cortex (VMPFC) during such choices, and reduced functional connectivity between the VMPFC and brain regions implicated in motor impulsivity. Preferences for immediate aggression were associated with reduced functional connectivity between the VMPFC and the frontoparietal control network. Dispositionally-aggressive participants exhibited reduced VMPFC activity, which partially explained and suppressed their preferences for delayed aggression. Blunted VMPFC activity may thus be a neural mechanism that promotes reactive aggression towards provocateurs among dispositionally-aggressive individuals. These findings demonstrate the utility of an intertemporal framework for investigating aggression and provide further evidence for the similar underlying neurobiology between aggression and other rewarding behaviors.
Humanizing pedophilia as stigma reduction: A large-scale intervention study
Authors: Harper Craig A. , Lievesley Rebecca , Blagden Nicholas , Hocken Kerensa
Published: March 2019

AbstractThe stigmatization of people with pedophilic sexual interests is the topic of growing academic and professional consideration, owing to its potential role in moderating pedophiles’ emotional wellbeing, and motivation and engagement in child abuse prevention schemes. Thus, improving attitudes and reducing stigmatization toward this group is of paramount importance. Prior research has suggested that narrative humanization – presenting personal stories of self-identified non-offending pedophiles – could be one route to doing this. However, this work has only been conducted with students or trainee psychotherapists, meaning the public generalizability of this method is still unknown. In this study, we compared two stigma interventions to test whether narratives reduce stigma toward people with pedophilic interests more effectively than an informative alternative (scientific information about pedophilia). Using a longitudinal experimental design with a lack of non-intervention control (initial N = 950; final N = 539), we found that narratives had consistently positive effects on all measured aspects of stigmatization (dangerousness, intentionality), whereas an informative alternative had mixed results, and actually increased perceptions of pedophiles’ levels of deviance. These effects were also still present four months after the initial presentation. We discuss these data in relation to ongoing debates about treating pedophilia as a public health issue requiring a broad societal approach to wellbeing and child abuse prevention.
In their own words: Using open-ended assessment to identify culturally relevant concerns among Kenyan adolescents
Authors: Wasil Akash R , Venturo-Conerly Katherine E. , Gillespie Sarah , Osborn Tom L , Weisz John R.
Published: March 2019

Standardized assessment tools developed in western contexts may systematically miss certain problems that are considered important in non-western cultures. In this mixed-methods study, we used an open-ended assessment tool (the Top Problem Assessment; TPA) to identify culturally relevant concerns among low-income Kenyan youth. We then a) applied thematic analysis to identify the most frequently reported problems and b) examined the extent to which these problems were reflected in standardized mental health measures. Using the TPA, we identified common social, academic, and economic problems facing Kenyan youths. Specifically, 61% of the sample reported a social problem, 38% an academic problem, and 35% an economic problem. By contrast, the standardized assessments revealed that worrying and difficulty concentrating were the most commonly reported symptoms. However, the emotional and behavioral problems assessed via the standardized measures were only reported as top problems by 17% of the sample. Overall, our findings are consistent with the idea that standardized measures can miss certain culturally-salient concerns that can be acquired through open-ended assessments. We discuss how brief open-ended assessment tools could complement standardized measures, inform the development of culturally relevant standardized measures, and offer rich data about the experiences of people in understudied cultural contexts.
On Common Ground: Evidence for an Association Between Fractions and the Ratios They Represent
Authors: Binzak John , Matthews Percival G , Hubbard Edward M.
Published: March 2019

This study tested two hypotheses central to the theory that understanding fractions as symbolic representations of magnitude (e.g. ½) may rely on cognitive systems of ratio processing that are common to the perception of ratios (e.g. the length of one line relative to another). Specifically, we tested: 1) whether nonsymbolic ratio stimuli support more efficient magnitude processing than symbolic fractions and 2) whether comparisons between nonsymbolic and symbolic stimuli require significant translation costs relative to within format comparisons. Participants were asked to indicate the larger of two fractions in three different conditions: paired symbolic fractions, paired nonsymbolic line ratios, and mixed symbolic/nonsymbolic cross-notation pairs. We found that adults were consistently faster when comparing nonsymbolic ratios relative to symbolic fractions. Furthermore, adults were neither slower nor less accurate when making cross-notation comparisons than when making symbolic fraction comparisons within format, suggesting a common magnitude code can be accessed without substantial translation costs. Both results contrast with conclusions from previous studies examining whole-number processing and suggest that extracting symbolic fraction magnitudes and perceiving nonsymbolic ratio magnitudes may rely on shared mechanisms of magnitude processing.
Quadruplex negatio invertit? The on-line processing of depth charge sentences
Authors: Paape Dario , Vasishth Shravan , von der Malsburg Titus
Published: March 2019

So-called "depth charge" sentences (No head injury is too trivial to be ignored) are interpreted by the vast majority of speakers to mean the opposite of what their compositional semantics would dictate. The semantic inversion that is observed for sentences of this type is the strongest and most persistent linguistic illusion known to the field (Wason & Reich, 1979). However, it has recently been argued that the preferred interpretation arises not because of a prevailing failure of the processing system, but rather because the non-compositional meaning is grammaticalized in the form of a stored construction (Cook & Stevenson, 2010; Fortuin, 2014). In a series of five experiments, we investigate whether the depth charge effect is better explained by processing failure due to memory overload (the overloading hypothesis) or by the existence of an underlying grammaticalized construction with two available meanings (the ambiguity hypothesis). To our knowledge, our experiments are the first to explore the on-line processing profile of depth charge sentences. Overall, the data are consistent with specific variants of the ambiguity and overloading hypotheses while providing evidence against other variants. As an extension of the overloading hypothesis, we suggest two heuristic processes that may ultimately yield the incorrect reading when compositional processing is suspended for strategic reasons.
Factors Associated with Adherence to Antiretroviral Therapy Among People Living With HIV & AIDS
Authors: Aryal Nirmala , Paudel Radha , Adhikari Sarita , Rai Aruna
Published: March 2019

Introduction: AIDS and STD is prioritised disease control program of Nepal. Successful treatment of HIV positive patient is fundamental to control the progression to AIDS and ART adherence is crucial for successful treatment. The objective of the study was to find out the factors associated with adherence to antiretroviral therapy among people living with HIV/AIDS.

Methods: Descriptive cross sectional research design was adopted. A total of 195 people living with HIV who were above the age 18 years and taking ARV therapy for at least six months from the ART centre of Sukraraj Tropical and Infectious Disease Hospital were selected by using purposive sampling technique. Data was collected using interview technique with semi structured questionnaire. Collected data was analysed using descriptive and inferential statistics.

Results: The findings showed that 91.28% of the respondents reported perfect adherence (≥95%) and 8.71% of the respondents reported non- adherence. Age (OR: 4.28; CI 1.00-18.26) and marital status (OR: 4.96; CI 1.67-14.75) were the socio-demographic factors associated with adherence to ARV therapy. Number of tablets per day (OR: 10.72; CI 1.21-94.4) and use of reminders tool (OR:11.14; CI 2.35-52.75) were the patient related factors significantly associated with the adherence to ARV therapy. Likewise, experience of no discrimination (OR 3.90; CI 1.11-13.69) and help for the intake of medicine from family members (OR 2.95; CI 1.95-9.19) were the psychosocial factors significantly associated with adherence to ARV therapy. Adherence counselling (OR 13.38; CI 2.99-59.75) and lower travelling cost (OR 3.99; CI 1.40-11.34) were the service factors significantly associated with adherence to ARV therapy.

Conclusions: The prevalence of adherence found in this study was good. Help from the family members, adherence counselling and use of reminders tool for intake of medicine enhanced adherence. Whereas, side effects, alcohol use, burden of pills, experience of discrimination were the barriers for adherence to ART. For improving adherence government and as well as the hospital requires interventions which recognise these barriers.
Pattern of Diseases Presenting in Dermatology OPD of a Tertiary Care Hospital, Kathmandu
Authors: Shakya Sunil , Adhikari Anurag , Poudel Ayusha , Aryal Barun Babu , Jha Sagar Mani , Shakya Nabin Bhakta , Dangol Anil Kumar Singh
Published: March 2019

Introduction: Dermatological conditions make up a significant burden of hospital visits. This study aims to calculate the prevalence of different dermatological conditions among OPD visits in a tertiary care hospital in Kathmandu, and describe the variation of those conditions with demographic variables and seasons.

Methods: This study was performed retrospectively using the data collected in the OPD register of a tertiary level hospital from 14th April 2017 to 13th April 2018. Analysis was conducted using MS Excel 2016 and Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (SPSS) v25.

Results: A total number of 24,332 OPD visits were recorded in the year. 54.3% of the visits were made by males and 45.7% by females and most common age group seeking dermatological consultation was 25 to 34 years. Noninfectious dermatoses were more common than infections. The most common noninfectious dermatoses were dermatitis/eczema, urticaria, angioedema and hypersensitivity, and pigmentary disorders in descending order of frequency. The common infectious dermatoses in decreasing order of frequency were fungal, viral, and parasitic/protozoal conditions. The infectious dermatoses were found to be significantly higher in males (p<0.05) while pigmentary disorders, urticaria and angioedema, autoimmune cutaneous disorders, disorders of pilosebaceous units and xerosis were significantly higher in females (p<0.05). Bacterial, fungal and viral infections, eczemas, urticarial/angioedema, papulosquamous disorders, xerosis, neoplasms and vasculitis showed significant seasonal variation.

Conclusions: Eczemas and fungal infections are the most common dermatoses. Infectious dermatoses and several non-infectious dermatoses vary significantly with seasons.
Palm Creases Analysis in Students and Staff of a Teaching Hospital in Kathmandu
Authors: Ranjit Nirju , Adhikari Bidur , Shrestha Rajani , Shrestha Anusuya , Bhandari Rosha , Dhungel Deepesh , Gautam Jyoti
Published: March 2019

Introduction: Palm creases have been studied for a long time and have been recently found to be helpful in tracking underlying medical and genetic conditions. Scientific study and typing of palm prints have been found to be lacking in the Nepalese population
Methods: A cross sectional study was done on 252 subjects, 153 male and 99 females, from Kathmandu, Nepal. Subjects were selected by purposive sampling from different age groups. Demographic profile including age, sex, and handedness was collected. Palm print pattern was recorded by digital photography. Each photograph was analysed visually by single observer and pattern of palm crease was noted. Variation of each crease was also noted.
Results: On the basis of relation between radial longitudinal crease and proximal transverse crease, 17.3% subjects had open type of palm crease which was significantly more in females while 76.6% subjects had closed type crease which was significantly more in males. Meeting type of palm crease was found in 5.7% of subjects. On the basis of relation between proximal and distal transverse crease, normal crease type was found in 90.1% of subjects, Simian type was found in 7.7% subjects and Sydney type was found in 1.4% of subjects. The concordance of this pattern in left and right palms was found statistically significant.
Conclusions: This study presented data from 252 seemingly normal healthy subjects and found that most of them had the normal with no branching, that is normal 1 and closed crease types. Most of the individual major creases were seen to be branched type.
Peer reviewing for journals
Authors: Batura Deepak
Published: March 2019

N/A
Barriers to Directly Observed Treatment for Multi Drug Resistant Tuberculosis Patients in Nepal - Qualitative Study
Authors: Bichha R.P. , Karki K.B. , Jha K.K. , Salhotra V.S. , Weerakoon A.P.
Published: March 2019

Introduction: To prevent the multi drug resistant tuberculosis (MDR-TB) is important to adhere long duration of drug regimen. There are many factors or barriers that are likely to affect adherence to the long treatment regimen.

Objectives: To find out the barriers for adherence to MDR –TB treatment.

Methods: The study was conducted as an institutional based qualitative study, using a convenient sampling technique. Data was collected from 50 current MDR-TB patients by trained field health workers using semi structured interviewer administered questionnaire in all regions in Nepal. Twenty five focus group discussions (FGD) were also conducted with MDR-TB patients, cured MDR-TB patients, DOTS Committee Members, health workers and close relatives of MDR-TB patients to supplement the findings.

Results: Out of 50 respondents 19 were females and 31 were males. Their age varied from 22 years to 61 years. Majority of patients had a previous history of irregular TB treatment. Forty out of fifty patients (80%) were living in either rented houses or hostels (in Mid Western Region). Knowledge about TB and MDR-TB was satisfactory in majority of participants in both studies. Majority of participants were satisfied with facilities and services provided by MDR-TB clinics. There is a very little stigma associated with MDR-TB in Nepal. FGD revealed the onset of MDR-TB was attributed to causes such as smoking, alcohol abuse, poor nutrition, and contact with TB patients. Lack of money to go to health facility daily for treatment was reported as major barriers to adhere to MDR-TB treatment.

Conclusion: Financial constraints were the major barrier for these patients. To sustain proper MDRTB programme, Government of Nepal and other organization should provide social support to these patients.
Clinical Profile and Management of Empyema Thoracis: Experience from Eastern Nepal
Authors: Mishra D.R. , Bhatta N. , Koirala P. , Ghimire R.H. , Bista B. , Shah N.A.
Published: March 2019

Introduction: The management of Empyema Thoracis is challenging. It requires specialist medical and surgical care at the same time. There are of lack of data regarding the clinical profile and the steps of day to day management, hence this study aims to identify these parameters and focus on the gaps in management that is commonplace in our setting and that are representative of other resource limited settings as well.

Methods: Clinical profile, etiological agents, hospital course and outcome of 30 patients with empyema thoracis treated from 2012 to 2014 in B.P. Koirala Institute of Health Sciences was analyzed. All patients were diagnosed on the basis of aspiration of frank pus from pleural cavity.

Results: 28 cases (93.3%) were Male and the mean age was 42.07±18.28 years. 73.3% of the empyema was Right sided and 60% were classified as medium sized and 40% as small sized. 60% of the patients were smokers. 80% of the case were diagnosed as bacterial infection whereas 20% were presumed tubercular on clinical basis and responded to treatment. Fever was the commonest presentation in 80% of the cases followed by shortness of breath (66.7%), cough (60%), chest pain (53.3%) and sputum production (20%). On investigation, pH was not measured in the fear of clogging the ABG machine. Pleural fluid glucose was below 40 mg/dl in all the cases. The median ADA value was 54.30 (15-350) and ADA was higher than 40 U/l in 10 cases with non-tubercular empyema. All cases were managed with Chest tube insertion and antibiotics. Four patients had to be referred for BPF closure whereas five for decortications. In all cases requiring decortications, a “pleural peel” could be identified in Chest Xrays. Since the patients were being managed in different units the outcome of referred patients could not be ascertained.

Conclusion: The gaps in the management of empyema in resource limited setting starts from inappropriate early treatment, inadequate diagnostic facilities, delayed referral and lack of early and appropriate surgical intervention. All these factors combine to the increased morbidity and mortality associated with the management of Empyema thoracis.
En/Gendering Trouble with J. J. Abrams’s Rey in The Force Awakens: Re-Subjecting the Subject to a Performative Subjectivity
Authors: McDowell John C.
Published: March 2019

Episode VII: The Force Awakens follows a trend in disrupting the privileging of the heroic protagonist as male, refusing to frame women by enforcing a particularly male self-projected binary for popular consumption. Yet this article argues in the first place that this turn is less transgressive of hegemonic gendered norms than might appear to be the case to the inattentive viewer of the saga. An important reason for this, and second in the logic of the argument of the article, the construal of the very form of Rey’s subjectivity involves an ontological intensification of the Cartesian subject rather than its reconfiguration. In other words, it demands an active or autonomous subject rather than a dialectically historical process of subjectivation. The third claim is that Rey is caught up in being subject to the movie’s political conservatism, and this involves the assumption of a binary code at a particularly crucial point, reinforcing the concerns about the determinative subjectivity.
Structural evolution of ceramic coatings by mechanical alloying
Authors: Sagdoldina Zhuldyz , Rakhadilov Bauyrzhan , Skakov Mazhyn , Stepanova Olga
Published: March 2019

This article researches the formation of ceramic coatings of zirconium dioxide (ZrO2) on a X 12 Cr Ni 18 10 Ti steel surface after mechanical alloying. The study of the coating surfaces shows a coalescence of defected coating particles with subgrains created. This process is more representative due to the difference in toughness between zirconium oxide and steel. It is suggested that an adhesive bond between the coating and support structure is provided by the strain welding of the powder on the support structure coating. When using X-phase analysis, neither the diffusive mixing of coating/support structure components nor the formation of new compounds and phase changes are revealed. Surface contamination of the coating with carbon was found. It decreased in the direction of the border between the coating and the support structure. This may be due to the mechanical sorption of carbon dioxide from the environment.
Influence of variation of energy per unit length on mechanical-technological properties of ultra-high-strength steel 22MnB5 in the laser beam welding process
Authors: Reisgen Uwe , Olschok Simon , Gerhards Benjamin , Akyel Fatma
Published: March 2019

Ultra-high strength steel 22MnB5 with 1.5 mm thickness was laser beam butt welded under varied welding parameters such as focal diameter, welding speed and beam power. The ultra-high strength material is softened by the laser beam welding process due to tempering in the heat-affected zone, which causes a loss in tensile strength and hardness compared to the base material. The influence of softening on the mechanical-technological properties was investigated. Hardness profiles of welded specimens were examined and tensile tests with digital image correlation were carried out. The digital image correlation showed the area in which the strain was concentrated as well as the location of fraction initiation. The microstructure was examined using micrographs and scanning electron microscopy images; the composition of the structure was subjected to X-ray diffraction. Dilatometry was used to map the individual areas of the heat-affected zone with respect to temperature and hardness. An increase in the energy per unit length influenced the width of the heat-affected zone and thus, the width of the softened zone. It was not possible to exert influence on the depth of hardness drop. The tensile strength, however, increased due to the narrower width of the softened zone.
Optimum spatial variable blank holder forces determined by the sequential response surface method (SRSM) and a hybrid algorithm
Authors: Sener Bora , Yurci Mehmet Emin , Bogoclu Muharrem
Published: March 2019

The blank holder force (BHF) plays an important role in the control of material flow. Low BHF leads to wrinkling, while high BHF leads to tearing at the part in the deep drawing process. Therefore, BHF control along the blank periphery is very crucial for the success of the deep drawing process. In this paper, spatial variable blank holder forces in the deep drawing of a double bowl sink were predicted by using a method based on a sequential response surface and hybrid algorithm. Predicted blank holder forces from the method were verified on a multipoint control hydraulic press and a 26 % improvement in the minimum thickness of the part formed as compared to the BHF constant was obtained.
Effect of water absorption on the flexural strength of a green sandwich composite
Authors: Prabhakaran Sivalingam , Krishnaraj Vijayan , Senthilkumar Mouleeswaran , Zitoune Redouane , Shankar Krishna
Published: March 2019

The main objective of this paper is to study the effect of water absorption on the flexural strength of new green sandwich composite material made of flax as skin reinforcement and agglomerated cork as core. In this work, three different types of skin reinforcements and three different densities of agglomerated cork core have been used for the manufacturing of sandwich composites. The manufactured sandwich composites were subjected to three-point bending tests under both dry and wet conditions. The three-point bending results confirmed a decrease in the specific flexural strength by 14-42 % in wet samples due to water absorption. Also, the increase in core density leads to an increase in flexural strength both in dry and wet conditions. During testing under dry conditions, the specific flexural strength of flax reinforced sandwich composite was found to be superior because of the higher strength to weight ratio factor of flax fiber when compared to a glass reinforced sandwich composite and glass/flax reinforced hybrid sandwich composite. Due to the hydrophilic nature of flax fibers, flax reinforced sandwich composite has a reduced specific flexural strength in wet conditions when compared to glass reinforced sandwich composite and glass/flax reinforced hybrid sandwich composite.
Wavelet based pseudo color scaling for optimizing wear behavior of epoxy composites
Authors: Dharmalingam Satish Kumar , Murugesan Rajmohan
Published: March 2019

Application of polymer matrix composites in mechanical systems, where relative motions are involved, requires an investigation on the tribological performances of the composites. The prime objective of this work is to identify the optimum combination of input parameters such as speed N (rpm), load L (N), distance D (m) and material for minimum weight loss and minimum coefficient of friction. The performances are measured after performing experiments (full factorial) using pin on disc setup. Wavelet based pseudo color scaling and wavelet fusion methods are adopted to identify the optimum conditions. Accordingly, high speed, low load, moderate distance applied on epoxy with glass fiber and carbon particles is found to be optimum for minimum weight loss and minimum coefficient of friction.
Thermodynamic calculation of phase equilibria in the Bi–Mg–Zn ternary system
Authors: Niu Chunju , Li Changrong
Published: March 2019

On the basis of the experimental phase equilibria of the Bi–Mg–Zn ternary system, the thermodynamic assessment of the Bi–Mg–Zn ternary system was carried out by means of the CALPHAD (CALculation of PHAse Diagram) technique. The Gibbs free energies of the solid solution phases (Rhombohedral_A7, Hcp_A3 and Hcp_Zn) were described by the substitutional solution model, and that of the liquid phase was described by the associate model with the constituent species Bi, Bi2Mg3, Mg and Zn. The non-stoichiometric compound, α-Bi2Mg3 as well as its high temperature allotrope β-Bi2Mg3 were described by the sublattice models, (Bi,Zn,Va)2(Mg,Zn)3 and (Bi,Zn)1(Bi,Zn,Va)3(Mg,Zn)6, respectively. In order to obtain a set of self-consistent thermodynamic data, the thermodynamic parameters of the phases, including liquid, α-Bi2Mg3 and β-Bi2Mg3, of the Bi–Mg–Zn ternary system were optimized while the thermodynamic data of other phases were adopted directly from the literature reports of the constituent binary systems. With this newly developed thermodynamic database, the CALPHAD results can well reproduce the experimental phase diagram information of the Bi–Mg–Zn ternary system. The solidification processes of a typical Bi–Mg–Zn alloy are calculated and analyzed using the phase equilibrium approach and the Gulliver–Scheil model in comparison with the experimental investigation.