bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Acknowledging religion in cognitive behavioural therapy: The effect on alliance, treatment expectations and credibility in a video‐vignette study
Authors: Hassan Hibah , Lack Sarah , Salkovskis Paul M. , Thew Graham R.
Published: March 2024

Objectives

Developing mental health services which are accessible and acceptable to those from minority backgrounds continues to be a priority. In the United Kingdom, individuals who identify with a religion are underrepresented in Talking Therapies services as compared to those with no religion. This necessitates an understanding of how therapy is perceived. This online study explored the impact of explicitly acknowledging religion on anticipated alliance, treatment credibility and expectations of therapy in a non‐clinical sample of British Muslims.

Methods

A video‐vignette experimental design was used in which participants who self‐reported as either high or low in religiosity were randomly allocated to receiving information about cognitive behavioural therapy either with or without an explicit mention of religion as a value in the therapeutic process.

Results

One hundred twenty‐nine British Muslim adults aged 18–70+ years from various ethnic backgrounds participated in the study. Between‐subjects ANOVAs showed that scores on the perceived credibility of therapy and treatment expectations were significantly higher when religion was explicitly mentioned by the ‘therapist’, but that acknowledging religion did not impact upon anticipated alliance.

Conclusions

These findings suggest that mentioning religion as a value to be considered in therapy has some positive impacts upon how therapy is perceived by British Muslims. Although video vignettes do not provide insight into the complexity of actual therapeutic encounters, acknowledging religion in mental health services more broadly remains an important consideration for improving equity of access and may bear relevance to other minoritized groups.
A systematic review of the efficacy of group social skills interventions on social functioning and social participation in children with acquired brain injury or cerebral palsy
Authors: Thompson Bianca A. D. , Gilmore Rose , Barfoot Jacqui , Sakzewski Leanne
Published: March 2024

Aim

The aim of this study was to evaluate the efficacy of Group social skills interventions (GSSIs) versus any comparator on social functioning in children aged 5–12 years with acquired brain injury or cerebral palsy.

Background

GSSIs are an evidence‐based approach to foster social skills development in children with autism spectrum disorder. Currently, limited literature exploring GSSIs in children with acquired brain injury and cerebral palsy is available.

Results

MEDLINE, SCOPUS, Embase, CINAHL, Cochrane Library, PsycINFO, clinicaltrials.gov, ICTRP and ProQuest Dissertations and Theses were systematically searched. Study screening, risk‐of‐bias, Grading of Recommendations Assessment, Development and Evaluation and data extraction were performed in duplicate. Six studies were included in the narrative synthesis (one randomised controlled trial and five nonrandomised studies). Results indicate that GSSIs may increase children's social skills as measured on the Social Skills Rating System and Social Skills Questionnaire. Very low certainty evidence was found for improvements in social functioning and competence.

Conclusions

There is low certainty evidence that participation in GSSI may lead to gains in social functioning for children with acquired brain injury or cerebral palsy. Given the certainty of the evidence, these results must be interpreted with caution. Only one randomised controlled trial of GSSIs for children with acquired brain injury was identified, underscoring the need for additional high‐quality studies.
Perceived discrimination and multiple indicators of positive development among second‐generation Chinese–American youth: The moderating role of ethnic identity
Authors: Su Shaobing , Wang Ellen , Su Shaodan
Published: March 2024

Background

The present study examined the associations among ethnic identity, perceived discrimination and multiple indicators of positive youth development (PYD; i.e., intrapersonal‐oriented competence, interpersonal‐oriented competence, confidence, caring, character, family connection, peer connection, school and community connection, positive attitudes towards diversity and cultural pride) that were specifically identified among second‐generation Chinese–American youth.

Methods

Participants were 196 second‐generation Chinese–American youth (N girl = 93; M age = 14.56, SD age = 1.75) primarily from the greater Boston area in MA, United States. Multivariate regression models were estimated to examine the associations between ethnic identity, perceived discrimination, and each potential indicator of PYD, as well as the moderating role of ethnic identity, controlling for key demographics.

Results

(1) Ethnic identity was positively related to all PYD indicators, βs = .32 to .72, ps < .01; (2) perceived discrimination was negatively associated with all indicators of PYD (βs = −.15 to −.32, ps < .05), except for interpersonal‐oriented competence and caring; and (3) ethnic identity significantly moderated the relationship between perceived discrimination and family connection (β = .23, p < .01).

Conclusions

Findings indicate that whereas discrimination has potential negative effects on the positive development of second‐generation Chinese–American youth, ethnic identity may be a key strength that should be considered in PYD promotion practices for these youth.
Family perspectives on provider conversations about housing needs for children with medical complexity
Authors: Smith Brandon M. , Donohue Pamela K. , Seltzer Rebecca R.
Published: March 2024

Background

Children with medical complexity (CMC) have unique, and often unmet, housing needs that place them at risk for housing insecurity and poor health outcomes. Yet, little is known about how families with CMC discuss their housing needs with healthcare providers. We sought to understand: (1) how housing is currently discussed between CMC caregivers and healthcare providers, and (2) how CMC caregivers want such conversations to occur.

Methods

From August to November 2020, we conducted semi‐structured interviews with parents/guardians of CMC (<26 years old) in Maryland as part of a larger study to understand their housing experience. Four questions on communication with providers about housing were developed a priori and included in this analysis. Qualitative content analysis was applied to interview transcripts.

Results

Among 31 completed interviews, most participants were female (90%), lived in single‐family homes (68%) and were from a mix of neighbourhood types (urban 19%, suburban 58%, rural 22%). Their children ranged in age from 6 months to 22 years, had a mix of insurance types (public 65%, private 29%, both 6%) and nearly all required medical equipment or technology. Four themes emerged: (1) Current housing conversations are rare and superficial, (2) Ideal housing conversations would result in thoughtful care plans and concrete supports, (3) Frequency and initiation of housing conversations are best tailored to family preferences and (4) Value of housing conversations are limited by lack of provider knowledge and time.

Conclusions

Conversations about housing needs for CMC happen in limited ways with healthcare providers, despite a desire on the part of their caregivers. Such conversations can give meaningful insights into the family's specific housing challenges, allowing providers to appropriately tailor care plans and referrals. Future work is needed to capture provider perspectives, design CMC‐specific housing screeners and develop interdisciplinary referral strategies.
Molecular basis underlying changes of brain entropy and functional connectivity in major depressive disorders after electroconvulsive therapy
Authors: Yu Xiaohui , Chen Kexuan , Ma Yingzi , Bai Tongjian , Zhu Shunli , Cai Defang , Zhang Xing , Wang Kai , Tian Yanghua , Wang Jiaojian
Published: March 2024

Introduction

Electroconvulsive therapy (ECT) is widely used for treatment‐resistant depression. However, it is unclear whether/how ECT can be targeted to affect brain regions and circuits in the brain to dynamically regulate mood and cognition.

Methods

This study used brain entropy (BEN) to measure the irregular levels of brain systems in 46 major depressive disorder (MDD) patients before and after ECT treatment. Functional connectivity (FC) was further adopted to reveal changes of functional couplings. Moreover, transcriptomic and neurotransmitter receptor data were used to reveal genetic and molecular basis of the changes of BEN and functional connectivities.

Results

Compared to pretreatment, the BEN in the posterior cerebellar lobe (PCL) significantly decreased and FC between the PCL and the right temporal pole (TP) significantly increased in MDD patients after treatment. Moreover, we found that these changes of BEN and FC were closely associated with genes' expression profiles involved in MAPK signaling pathway, GABAergic synapse, and dopaminergic synapse and were significantly correlated with the receptor/transporter density of 5‐HT, norepinephrine, glutamate, etc.

Conclusion

These findings suggest that loops in the cerebellum and TP are crucial for ECT regulation of mood and cognition, which provides new evidence for the antidepressant effects of ECT and the potential molecular mechanism leading to cognitive impairment.
Perioperative outcomes of ileorectal anastomosis – an analysis of 823 patients
Authors: Truong Adam , Hu Katherine , Liska David , Valente Michael , Hull Tracy , Steele Scott R. , Holubar Stefan D.
Published: March 2024

Aim

Ileorectal anastomosis (IRA) following total abdominal colectomy (TAC) allows for resortation of bowel continuity but prior studies have reported rates of anastomotic leak (AL) to be as high as 23%. We aimed to report rates of AL and complications in a large cohort of patients undergoing IRA. We hypothesized that AL rates were lower than previously reported and that selective use of diverting loop ileostomy (DLI) is associated with decreased AL rates.

Method

Patients undergoing TAC or end‐ileostomy reversal with IRA, with or without DLI, between 1980 and 2021 were identified from a prospectively maintained institutional database and retrospectively analysed. Redo IRA cases were excluded. Short‐term (30‐day) surgical outcomes were collected using our database. AL was defined using a combination of imaging and, in the case of return to the operating room, intraoperative findings.

Results

Of 823 patients in the study cohort, DLI was performed in 27% and performed more frequently for constipation and inflammatory bowel disease. The overall AL rate was 3% (1% and 4% in those with and without DLI, respectively) and diversion was found to be protective against leak (OR 0.28, 95% CI 0.08–0.94, p = 0.04). However, patients undergoing diversion had a higher overall rate of postoperative complications (51% vs. 36%, p < 0.001) including superficial wound infection, urinary tract infection, dehydration, blood transfusion and portomesenteric venous thrombosis (all p < 0.04).

Conclusion

Our study represents the largest series of patients undergoing IRA reported to date and demonstrates an AL rate of 3%. While IRA appears to be a viable surgical option for diverse indications, our study underscores the importance of careful patient selection and thoughtful consideration of staging the anastomosis and temporary faecal diversion when necessary.
Embodying Similarity and Difference: The Effect of Listing and Contrasting Gestures During U.S. Political Speech
Authors: Zhang Icy (Yunyi) , Izad Tina , Cartmill Erica A.
Published: March 2024

Public speakers like politicians carefully craft their words to maximize the clarity, impact, and persuasiveness of their messages. However, these messages can be shaped by more than words. Gestures play an important role in how spoken arguments are perceived, conceptualized, and remembered by audiences. Studies of political speech have explored the ways spoken arguments are used to persuade audiences and cue applause. Studies of politicians’ gestures have explored the ways politicians illustrate different concepts with their hands, but have not focused on gesture's potential as a tool of persuasion. Our paper combines these traditions to ask first, how politicians gesture when using spoken rhetorical devices aimed at persuading audiences, and second, whether these gestures influence the ways their arguments are perceived. Study 1 examined two rhetorical devices—contrasts and lists—used by three politicians during U.S. presidential debates and asked whether the gestures produced during contrasts and lists differ. Gestures produced during contrasts were more likely to involve changes in hand location, and gestures produced during lists were more likely to involve changes in trajectory. Study 2 used footage from the same debates in an experiment to ask whether gesture influenced the way people perceived the politicians’ arguments. When participants had access to gestural information, they perceived contrasted items as more different from one another and listed items as more similar to one another than they did when they only had access to speech. This was true even when participants had access to only gesture (in muted videos). We conclude that gesture is effective at communicating concepts of similarity and difference and that politicians (and likely other speakers) take advantage of gesture's persuasive potential.
Transformative organizational and programmatic change? Civil society responses to the Canadian Feminist International Assistance Policy (FIAP)
Authors: Rao Sheila , Delorme Anne
Published: March 2024

Motivation

The article aims to examine how Canada's Feminist International Assistance Policy (FIAP) shaped efforts of civil society organizations to address gender equality through organizational and programmatic change. FIAP and other feminist policies have direct implications as to how organizations design and administer their work to address gender inequality and on how funding agencies and foundations administer and support this work.

Research Question

What are the opportunities and limitations to FIAP's implementation based on the experiences of civil society organizations' efforts to address gender inequality?

Approach and methods

Data collection for this article took place between 2019 and 2021, beginning two years after the launch of FIAP. This research adopted a mixed‐methods grounded theory approach, where the collected data shaped the conceptual framework. An online survey, interviews, participatory workshops, and media analysis were included in the data collection. Staff from civil society organizations and the University of Ottawa supported the research design process. A response rate of 50% was achieved with a total of 42 respondents out of 83 organizations responding to the survey. A total of 15 interviews were conducted with gender equality specialists based in Canadian international organizations.

Findings

Analysis from data collected in 2019 with gender specialists and civil society organization (CSO) staff, as well as analysis of media coverage of challenges faced by feminist organizations in 2020 and 2021 revealed that the potential for CSO investment through staff support (financial, training and government guidance) could only be partially realized within the “unfeminist” structural landscape in which development programmes oversee the administration of under‐represented groups.

Policy implications

This study demonstrates the limitations around building stronger linkages between policy formation and implementation processes, and also the opportunities. The authors argue that strengthening engagement with feminist networks globally could align policy priorities with those identified by grassroots movements, while influencing how funding agencies value feminist practice in CSOs.
Short‐term conservation tillage degrades soil infiltration properties in the black soil region of Northeast China
Authors: Zhu Pingzong , Chen Shiqi , Wang Chengshu , Xu Zhipeng
Published: March 2024

Soil infiltration properties (SIPs) are crucial soil hydraulic parameters for hydrological and erosion models as they regulate the movement of water and nutrients within the soil. Tillage practice can significantly impact the hydrological and erosional processes of sloping farmland by changing SIPs through altering soil structure. Nevertheless, knowledge regarding the effects of short‐term conservation tillage on SIPs is unclear, which greatly limits the management of soil and water resources of sloping farmland. This study aimed to clarify the potential impact and underlying mechanisms of short‐term implementation of conservation tillage on SIPs under three typical tillage management types: conventional downslope tillage (DT), conservation contour tillage (CT), and no‐tillage (NT) in the black soil region of Northeast China. SIPs of initial infiltration rate (IIR), steady infiltration (SIR), and hydraulic conductivity (Ks) were determined by a field disc infiltration experiment under pressure heads (h) of −3, −1.5, and 0 cm. The results revealed that short‐term implementation of conservation tillage management degraded SIPs, with a significant difference observed between DT and NT. In comparison to DT, the mean SIPs of IIR, SIR, and Ks of CT decreased by 27.5%, 31.2%, and 28.6%, and the corresponding reduced values of NT were 54.1%, 65.0%, and 65.5%, respectively. SIPs were significantly correlated with soil texture, bulk density (BD), capillary porosity (CP), total porosity (TP), field capacity (FC), saturated water content (SSWC), and organic matter content (SOM). Among these influencing factors, the variations in SIPs among different tillage management and soil layers were primarily influenced by differences in clay and gravel contents, FC, and SSWC and SSWC played the most critical role. These results highlight the substantial impacts and clarify the mechanisms of short‐term conservation tillage on SIPs, which is helpful for understanding the potential effect of short‐term conservation tillage management on hydrology and erosional processes, thereby improving the sustainable utilization of arable land.
A socioemotional network perspective on momentary experiences of family conflict in young adults
Authors: Wang Xinyi , McGowan Amanda L. , Fosco Gregory M. , Falk Emily B. , Bassett Dani S. , Lydon‐Staley David M.
Published: March 2024

Family conflict is an established predictor of psychopathology in youth. Traditional approaches focus on between‐family differences in conflict. Daily fluctuations in conflict within families might also impact psychopathology, but more research is needed to understand how and why. Using 21 days of daily diary data and 6‐times a day experience‐sampling data (N = 77 participants; mean age = 21.18, SD = 1.75; 63 women, 14 men), we captured day‐to‐day and within‐day fluctuations in family conflict, anger, anxiety, and sadness. Using multilevel models, we find that days of higher‐than‐usual anger are also days of higher‐than‐usual family conflict. Examining associations between family conflict and emotions within days, we find that moments of higher‐than‐usual anger predict higher‐than‐usual family conflict later in the day. We observe substantial between‐family differences in these patterns with implications for psychopathology; youth showing the substantial interplay between family conflict and emotions across time had a more perseverative family conflict and greater trait anxiety. Overall, findings indicate the importance of increases in youth anger for experiences of family conflict during young adulthood and demonstrate how intensive repeated measures coupled with network analytic approaches can capture long‐theorized notions of reciprocal processes in daily family life.
Balancing feeling ‘prepared’ without feeling ‘devoured’: A qualitative study of self‐care from the perspective of self‐empowered persons living with Parkinson's disease in Sweden
Authors: Luckhaus Jamie L. , Clareborn Anna , Hägglund Maria , Riggare Sara
Published: March 2024

Introduction

Parkinson's Disease (PD) is a complex neurodegenerative disease resulting in a wide range of motor and nonmotor symptoms for which the treatment regimen is often complex. People with Parkinson's (PwP) spend time daily on self‐care practices including self‐tracking signs and symptoms or seeking disease‐specific knowledge. Research suggests self‐care interventions yield promising care and health outputs for PwP, yet most research focuses on the provider perspective rather than that of those conducting the self‐care. This study explores the meaning of self‐care, disease‐specific knowledge, and self‐tracking from the perspective of PwP in Sweden.

Methods

Qualitative data from three data sets were analyzed and compared using qualitative content analysis: one focus group on self‐care (n = 14), one free‐text survey on disease‐specific knowledge (n = 197) and one free‐text survey on self‐tracking (n = 33).

Findings

The analysis resulted in three categories: illness‐related tasks, internal resources and external resources. Illness‐related tasks describe various tasks PwP carry out in self‐care, including lifestyle choices, treatments, and self‐tracking. Internal resources include personal knowledge/skills as well as mindsets which could facilitate or challenge completing these tasks. Finally, external resources include other PwP, literature, clinicians and other sources of disease‐specific knowledge. Self‐care was found to fluctuate between beneficial and burdensome depending on such resources.

Conclusions

In conclusion, self‐care needs to be acknowledged and discussed more often in PD and other complex conditions. Future self‐care interventions should consider self‐tracking and disease‐specific knowledge as well as internal and external resources in their design and implementation.

Patient or Public Contribution

A researcher with PD was actively involved in all phases of the research: study design, data collection and analysis, and preparing the manuscript.
Barriers to accessing and receiving mental health care for paid and unpaid carers of older adults
Authors: Giebel Clarissa , Prato Laura , Metcalfe Sue , Barrow Hazel
Published: March 2024

Aim

The aim of this qualitative study was to explore the barriers and facilitators to accessing and receiving mental health care for paid and unpaid carers of older adults.

Methods

Unpaid and paid carers for older adults in England were interviewed remotely between May and December 2022. Participants were asked about their experiences of mental health needs and support. Reflexive thematic analysis was used to analyse the data.

Results

Thirty‐seven carers participated (npaid = 9; nunpaid = 28), with the majority caring for a parent with dementia. Thematic analysis generated four themes: lack of healthcare support, social care system failing to enable time off, personal barriers and unsupportive work culture. Healthcare professionals failed to provide any link to mental health services, including when a dementia diagnosis was received. Structural and organisational barriers were evidenced by carers being unable to take time off from their unpaid caring duties or paid caring role, due to an absence of social care support for their relative.

Conclusions

This is the first study to have explored the barriers to mental health care and support for paid and unpaid carers for older adults and suggests that structural, organisational and personal barriers cause severe difficulties in accessing required support to care for older relatives, services users and residents.

Public Involvement

Two unpaid carers aided with the development of topic guides, data analysis, interpretation and dissemination. Both were supported and trained to code anonymised transcripts.
A tale of missed opportunities: The Cold War in Brazil
Authors: Ioris Rafael R.
Published: March 2024

Brazil was not at the forefront of initial Cold War events and US‐Brazil relations have been more often defined by alignment than conflict. Still, Brazil was not immune to the Cold War logic and when these turbulent dynamics became more prevalent in Latin America, Brazil was at the center of US concerns and influence. But though much was promised and attempted, recurrent opportunities for constructive interactions were missed at the price of growing violence and social injustice. The present piece reviews the scholarship on the Cold War in Brazil by focusing on some of the main works produced by US and Brazilian scholars working on central themes of Brazilian history during the period. Rather than attempting to provide a comprehensive list of works, which would have required more space than permitted here, the article is structured based on key studies that helped shape the conversation about Brazil's historical development in the second half of the 20th‐century.
Drought risk assessment for early maize growth in Northeast China based on a reconstructed phenological dataset
Authors: Wang Xiaowei , Li Xiaoyu , Ji Lin , You Songcai , Shi Yuqing , Zhu Qichun , Lou Yunsheng
Published: March 2024

Drought is one of the meteorological disasters to which maize is most vulnerable during its seedling stage in Northeast China. The absence of phenological data impedes the precise evaluation of the likelihood of drought during this phase. In response to these issues, this study develops a phenology model and reconstructing the data. Furthermore, it effectively assessed drought risk at the site scale by utilizing drought indicators. Using reconstructed phenological data from 217 sites from 1981 to 2015, we analysed the duration and trends of each phenological period and assessed the spatial and temporal distribution of drought frequency at each growth stage. The study demonstrated that the average date ranges for the sowing, emergence, three‐leaf, and seven‐leaf stages annually were 115–138 days, 130–151 days, 135–160 days, and 150–180 days, respectively. Additionally, there was a significant trend towards earlier dates in all phenological stages. Our research reveals notable fluctuations in drought frequency during various growth stages of early maize in Northeast China. Particularly, the period from the three‐leaf to the seven‐leaf stages emerges as the most drought‐prone, while the initial emergence to three‐leaf stage also shows considerable vulnerability. On average, the frequency of drought events during the critical three‐ to seven‐leaf stage stands at 35%. This average is surpassed in regions like Heilongjiang, northwest Jilin, northern Inner Mongolia, and southwest Liaoning, indicating a heightened risk in these areas. The early maize growth stage drought types are mainly light and moderate drought, with the three‐leaf to seven‐leaf stage, and Heilongjiang and Inner Mongolia, as the key stages and regions of concern, respectively. Identifying the principal types of drought and their occurrence in distinct regions and growth stages is pivotal for averting and reducing disasters.
Clinical practice guidelines for prevention and treatment of postoperative gastrointestinal disorder with Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine (2023)
Authors: Xue Jianjun , Xu Ziqing , Wang Qiang , Hou Huaijing , Wei Lili , Zhang Jie , Zhao Xiaohong , Chen Liping , Ding Fanfan , Ma Li , Zhao Yongqiang , Wang Yingbin , Ma Daqing , Wang Tianjun , Liu Renyu , Gan Tong J , Robinson Nicky , Frank Yurasek , Su Fan , Chi Yongliang , Yang Dianhui , Liu Shujuan , Cui Suyang , Wei Yousong , Chen Zhiqiang , Qin You , Cao Lixing , Chen Guiping , Shu Kuanyong , Xiao Zhongqing , Zhang Hui , Yu Jianbo , Hu Zhiqian , Cheng Huakun , Ma Wuhua , Liu Guokai , Wang Xiuli , Cao Xinghua , Gao Ju , Kong Gaoyin , Tao Qing , Wang Baohua , Wang Junlu , Li Hong , Lyu Cuixia , Zhang Zhiming , Li Tianzuo , Yang Kehu
Published: March 2024

Postoperative gastrointestinal disorder (POGD) was a common complication after surgery under anesthesia. Strategies in combination with Traditional Chinese Medicine and Western medicine showed some distinct effects but standardized clinical practice guidelines were not available. Thus, a multidisciplinary expert team from various professional bodies including the Perioperative and Anesthesia Professional Committees of the Chinese Association of Integrative Medicine (CAIM), jointly with Gansu Province Clinical Research Center of Integrative Anesthesiology/Anesthesia and Pain Medical Center of Gansu Provincial Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine and WHO Collaborating Center for Guideline Implementation and Knowledge Translation/Chinese Grading of Recommendations, Assessment, Development, and Evaluation (GRADE) Center/Gansu Provincial Center for Medical Guideline Industry Technology/Evidence‐based Medicine Center of Lanzhou University, was established to develop evidence‐based guidelines. Clinical questions (7 background and 12 clinical questions) were identified through literature reviews and expert consensus meetings. Based on systematic reviews/meta‐analyses, evidence quality was analyzed and the advantages and disadvantages of interventional measures were weighed with input from patients’ preferences. Finally, 20 recommendations were developed through the Delphi‐based consensus meetings. These recommendations included disease definitions, etiologies, pathogenesis, syndrome differentiation, diagnosis, and perioperative prevention and treatment.
The concept of “state fishes of India”: Current status, knowledge gaps, and strategic plans for conservation and sustainable utilization
Authors: Sarkar Uttam Kumar , Kathirvelpandian Ayyathurai , Kantharajan Ganesan , Tyagi Lalit Kumar , Lakra Wazir Singh
Published: March 2024

The concept of “state fishes of India” highlights the importance and significance of the prioritized fish species distributed across various states within the country. This review article systematically documents the current status of state fishes from various perspectives, identifies the prevailing knowledge gaps, and also highlights the issues and strategic plans essential for the conservation and sustainable utilization of these valuable genetic resources. A total of 8357 publications were checked for the consolidated information on state fish species, and the appropriate items were selected under eight categories: biology, physiology and nutrition, aquaculture, habitat and environmental parameters, genetics and biotechnology, harvest and postharvest, fish health management, and others. The synthesized information was used to present the current status of research and development on state fish species. The knowledge gaps that are to be addressed are also depicted under the perspectives of fisheries management and conservation aquaculture. Based on the findings, strategic plans for the targeted conservation programmes are proposed and discussed under various in situ and ex situ conservation measures. Further, the departmental processes involved in the declaration, the importance of stakeholder involvement, namely, local communities and policymakers, in fostering effective conservation measures, and planning for utilization of these valuable fish genetic resources are also indicated.
Serum T50 predicts cardiovascular mortality in individuals with type 2 diabetes: A prospective cohort study
Authors: van der Vaart Amarens , Eelderink Coby , van Goor Harry , Hillebrands Jan‐Luuk , te Velde‐Keyzer Charlotte A. , Bakker Stephan J.L. , Pasch Andreas , van Dijk Peter R. , Laverman Gozewijn D. , de Borst Martin H.
Published: March 2024

Background and aims

Individuals with type 2 diabetes (T2D) have a higher risk of cardiovascular disease, compared with those without T2D. The serum T50 test captures the transformation time of calciprotein particles in serum. We aimed to assess whether serum T50 predicts cardiovascular mortality in T2D patients, independent of traditional risk factors.

Methods

We analyzed 621 individuals with T2D in this prospective cohort study. Cox regression models were performed to test the association between serum T50 and cardiovascular and all‐cause mortality. Causes of death were categorized according to ICD‐10 codes. Risk prediction improvement was assessed by comparing Harrell's C for models without and with T50.

Results

The mean age was 64.2 ± 9.8 years, and 61% were male. The average serum T50 time was 323 ± 63 min. Higher age, alcohol use, high‐sensitive C‐reactive protein, and plasma phosphate were associated with lower serum T50 levels. Higher plasma triglycerides, venous bicarbonate, sodium, magnesium, and alanine aminotransferase were associated with higher serum T50 levels. After a follow‐up of 7.5[5.4–10.7] years, each 60 min decrease in serum T50 was associated with an increased risk of cardiovascular (fully adjusted HR 1.32, 95% CI 1.08–1.50, and p = 0.01) and all‐cause mortality (HR 1.15, 95%CI 1.00–1.38, and p = 0.04). Results were consistent in sensitivity analyses after exclusion of individuals with estimated glomerular filtration rate <45 or <60 mL/min/1.73 m2 and higher plasma phosphate levels.

Conclusions

Serum T50 improves prediction of cardiovascular and all‐cause mortality risk in individuals with T2D. Serum T50 may be useful for risk stratification and to guide therapeutic strategies aiming to reduce cardiovascular mortality in T2D.
Prevalence of obstructive sleep apnoea syndrome in oncological patients: A systematic review and meta‐analysis
Authors: Kader Mohammed Abdul , Sainudeen Shan , Khan Abdul Ahad Ghaffar , Arora Suraj , Ronsivalle Vincenzo , Marrapodi Maria Maddalena , Cicciù Marco , Minervini Giuseppe
Published: March 2024

Background

Obstructive sleep apnoea syndrome (OSAS) has garnered increasing attention in recent years due to its potential association with cancer. This systematic review and meta‐analysis aimed to assess the prevalence of OSAS in cancer patients through a comprehensive analysis of existing literature.

Methods

This systematic review and meta‐analysis, conducted in accordance with the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta‐Analyses (PRISMA) protocol, aimed to evaluate the prevalence of OSAS in cancer patients. A comprehensive search of electronic databases was performed to identify relevant studies published up to September 2021. Eligible studies reporting on the prevalence of OSAS in cancer patients, encompassing various study designs, were included in the analysis. Pooled estimates of the odds ratios (OR) with 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were calculated using a random effects model. Heterogeneity among the studies was assessed using the I2 statistic.

Results

Seventeen studies fulfilled the inclusion criteria and were subsequently included in the review. The prevalence of OSAS in cancer patients was estimated to have an overall OR of 0.80 (95% CI: 0.75–0.85). In comparison with non‐cancer patients, cancer patients had a statistically significant greater risk of OSAS, as indicated by the total estimated RR for the prevalence of OSAS in cancer patients, which was 0.89 (95% CI: 0.86–0.92). Nonetheless, there was a significant amount of heterogeneity (I2 = 96%) among the studies.

Conclusion

The overall data analysed in this review indicates that patients with cancer had far reduced likelihood of developing OSAS than individuals without cancer. However, the significant variation across the included studies highlights the need for additional investigation to fully clarify the complex association between OSAS and cancer incidence. These results emphasise how critical it is to identify OSAS as a possible comorbidity in cancer patients, one that should be taken into account for clinical management and ongoing research.
Disrupting neoliberal diversity discourse with critical race college transition stories
Authors: Laiduc Giselle , Slattery Ian , Covarrubias Rebecca
Published: March 2024

The college transition can challenge students’ sense‐making of diversity, race, and oppression. Yet prevailing neoliberal discourses touting the market value of diversity can thwart this potential by promoting color‐evasive messaging that avoids reckoning with racism. Guided by Critical Race Theory, we explored incoming students’ sense‐making of diversity (n = 421) after being exposed to either color‐evasive transition stories or more critical stories that discussed intersecting experiences with oppression. Using discourse analysis, we observed that Black, Latinx, and Native students and their Asian and white counterparts reproduced common neoliberal logics emphasizing the educational benefits of diversity. However, critical stories reminded Black, Latinx, and Native students of the limits of diversity to change structures. For Asian and white students, critical stories elicited more aversive reactions and more endorsements of how diversity broadens equal access. Understanding students’ diversity discourses can inform how universities engage conversations about difference to counteract neoliberal talk that undermines racial justice.
Considerations for peer research and implications for mental health professionals: learning from research on food insecurity and severe mental illness
Authors: McGeechan Grant J. , Moore Hannah , Le Sauvage Nikita , Smith Jo , Giles Emma L.
Published: March 2024

Accessible Summary

What is known on the subject

Peer research methodologies and methods are increasingly used in research, particularly to benefit from lived experiences.

The experiences of peer researchers with severe mental illness are less common, including the impact on them of conducting peer‐led research.

What the paper adds to existing knowledge

This paper shares the experience of peer research and suggests in the context of food insecurity, that it is not well understood by some healthcare professionals.

What are the implications for practice

Implications include considerations around trauma‐informed care and the need for screening for food insecurity in mental healthcare settings. Research implications include providing training for peer research and needing to consider longevity of peer researcher relationships.

Introduction

Food insecurity means that a person does not have access to sufficient nutritious food for normal growth and health. This can lead to health problems such as obesity, heart disease, diabetes and other long term chronic health conditions. People living with a severe mental illness are more likely to experience food insecurity than people without a severe mental illness.

Aim

The aim of this paper is to present a lived experience narrative of two peer researchers. Peer researchers conducted interviews with adults with severe mental illness from Northern England as part of a funded research project. These interviews discussed experiences of food insecurity and strategies to tackle it and were conducted between March and December 2022.

Thesis

The following paper does not discuss the results of the interviews themselves. Rather the narrative begins with an overview of peer research, before sharing the experiences of the two peer researchers in undertaking this project.

Implications for Practice

This includes healthcare professionals understanding food insecurity, what it is and what it is not, thinking about trauma‐informed care, and screening for food insecurity. Peer research implications centre on adequate support and training, considerations to longevity of peer research relationships and reducing unnecessary research burden for peer researchers.
Revisiting Xylaria diversity in Southern China: Descriptions of 40 new species
Authors: Li Qi‐Rui , Habib Kamran , Wu You‐Peng , Long Si‐Han , Zhang Xu , Hu Hong‐Min , Wu Qian‐Zhen , Liu Li‐Li , Lin Yan , Shen Xiang‐Chun , Kang Ji‐Chuan
Published: March 2024

The genus Xylaria comprises a diverse group of fungi with a global distribution and significant ecological importance, known for being a source of bioactive secondary metabolites with antibacterial, antioxidative, anticarcinogenic, and additional properties. In this study, we present a comprehensive taxonomic revision of the species of Xylaria found in some parts of southern China, characterized by an extensive multilocus phylogeny analysis based on internal transcribed spacer (ITS), TUB2 (β‐tubulin), and DNA‐directed RNA polymerase II subunit 2 (rpb2) gene regions. Morphological examination and detailed comparative analyses of the collected specimens were conducted to determine the distinctiveness of each species. The multilocus phylogeny approach allowed us to infer evolutionary relationships and assess species boundaries accurately, leading to the identification of 40 novel Xylaria species hitherto unknown to science. The newly described species are: X. baoshanensis, X. bawanglingensis, X. botryoidalis, X. dadugangensis, X. doupengshanensis, X. fanglanii, X. glaucae, X. guizhouensis, X. japonica, X. jinghongensis, X. jinshanensis, X. kuankuoshuiensis, X. liboensis, X. negundinis, X. orbiculati, X. ovata, X. pseudoanisopleura, X. pseudocubensis, X. pseudobambusicola, X. pseudoglobosa, X. pseudohemisphaerica, X. pseudohypoxylon, X. puerensis, X. qianensis, X. qiongzhouensis, X. rhombostroma, X. serratifoliae, X. shishangensis, X. shuqunii, X. shuangjiangensis, X. sinensis, X. tongrenensis, X. umbellata, X. xishuiensis, X. yaorenshanensis, X. yinggelingensis, X. yumingii, X. yunnanensis, X. zangmui, and X. zonghuangii. The study's findings shed light on the distinctiveness of the newly described species, supported by both morphological distinctions and phylogenetic relationships with their close relatives. This taxonomic revision significantly contributes to our understanding the diversity of Xylaria in China and enriches the knowledge of fungal biodiversity worldwide.
Folding during sheeting improved qualities of dried noodles through gluten network proteins
Authors: Li Yaojia , Zheng Haitao , Qi Yajing , Ashraf Jawad , Zhu Shuyun , Xu Bin
Published: March 2024

The texture properties after cooking for 12 min were selected to optimize the sheeting parameters, and the results were verified using the comprehensive quality of dried noodles. The distribution of water, characteristics of gluten protein, and interaction between gluten network and starch were analyzed to clarify the mechanism of the quality of dried noodles. Results showed that the optimal folding angle was 45°, under this condition, the largest anti‐extension displacement perpendicular to the rolling direction and the smallest cooking loss were obtained. The hardness and smoothness of cooked noodles increased by about 14% to 17%. Further, the transverse relaxation time of strongly bound water significantly decreased, while the relative content and binding strength increased. The hydrogen bonds and α‐helix contents increased by about 68.8% and 53.1%, respectively. Folding and sheeting enhanced the combination of starch granules and gluten network causing, decreased in the average length and porosity of the gluten network. It is depicted from the results that the method of optimizing the sheeting process based on the texture of dried noodles cooked for 12 min was feasible. And the 45° folding and sheeting could help to improve the quality of dried noodles.
Leaf day respiration: More than just catabolic CO2 production in the light
Authors: Tcherkez Guillaume , Abadie Cyril , Dourmap Corentin , Lalande Julie , Limami Anis M.
Published: March 2024

Summary statement

Day respiration is a net flux resulting from several CO2‐generating and CO2‐fixing reactions, not only related to catabolism but also to anabolism. We review pieces of evidence that decarboxylating reactions are partly fed by carbon sources disconnected from current photosynthesis and how they reflect various metabolic pathways.
Automatic extraction of multiple morphological parameters of lunar impact craters
Authors: Xiao Meng , Hu Teng , Kang Zhizhong , Zhao Haifeng , Liu Feng
Published: March 2024

Impact craters are geomorphological features widely distributed on the lunar surface. Their morphological parameters are crucial for studying the reasons for their formation, the thickness of the lunar regolith at the impact site and the age of the impact crater. However, current research on the extraction of multiple morphological parameters from a large number of impact craters within extensive geographical regions faces several challenges, including issues related to coordinate offsets in heterogeneous data, insufficient interpretation of impact crater profile morphology and incomplete extraction of morphological parameters. To address the aforementioned challenges, this paper proposes an automatic extraction method of morphological parameters based on the digital elevation model (DEM) and impact crater database. It involves the correction of heterogeneous data coordinate offset, simulation of impact crater profile morphology and various impact crater morphological parameter automatic extraction. And the method is designed to handle large numbers of impact craters in a wide range of areas. This makes it particularly useful for studies involving regional‐scale impact crater analysis. Experiments were carried out in geological units of different ages and we analysed the accuracy of this method. The analysis results show that: first, the proposed method has a relatively effective impact crater centre position offset correction. Second, the impact crater profile shape fitting result is relatively accurate. The R‐squared value (R2) is distributed from 0.97 to 1, and the mean absolute percentage error (MAPE) is between 0.032% and 0.568%, which reflects high goodness of fit. Finally, the eight morphological parameters automatically extracted using this method, such as depth, depth–diameter ratio, and internal and external slope, are basically consistent with those extracted manually. By comparing the proposed method with a similar approach, the results demonstrate that it is effective and can provide data support for relevant lunar surface research.
Modification of traditional composite nonwovens with stable storage of light absorption transients and photodynamic antibacterial effect
Authors: Li Ting‐Ting , Shou Bing‐Bing , Yang Lu , Ren Hai‐Tao , Hu Xian‐Jin , Lin Jia‐Horng , Cai Tao , Lou Ching‐Wen
Published: March 2024

Combining photodynamic antimicrobials with nonwovens is prospective. However, common photosensitizers still have drawbacks such as poor photoactivity and the inability to charge. In this study, a photodynamic and high‐efficiency antimicrobial protective material was prepared by grafting bis benzophenone‐structured 4,4‐terephthaloyl diphthalic anhydride (TDPA) photosensitizer, and antimicrobial agent chlorogenic acid (CA) onto spunbond‐meltblown‐spunbond (SMS) membranes. The charging rates for ·OH and H2O2 were 6377.89 and 913.52 μg/g/h. The light absorption transients structural storage remained above 69% for 1 month. High electrical capacity remained after seven cycles indicating its rechargeability and recyclability. The SMS/TDPA/CA membrane has excellent bactericidal performance when under illumination or lightless conditions, and the bactericidal efficiency of Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus reached over 99%. The construction of self‐disinfection textiles based on the photodynamic strategies proposed in this paper is constructive for expanding and promoting the application of textile materials in the medical field.