bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
A história da química por meio dos “ares”: uma contribuição experimental direcionada ao ensino de química
Authors: Silva Suelen dos Santos , Machado Paula Marcelly Alves , Terra Wagner da Silva
Published: May 2021

Resumo: O Ensino de Química no Brasil nos dias atuais segue, predominantemente, um modelo tradicional, sendo verificada a utilização de metodologias pedagógicas repetitivas de baixo potencial de aprendizagem. Nesse contexto o presente trabalho teve por intuito elaborar um plano de aula diferenciado que envolvesse conteúdos químicos, dados históricos e discussões filosóficas a partir do tema “Ares”, utilizando a demonstração investigativa como recurso didático para propiciar uma maior motivação e envolvimento dos discentes. Para se alcançar o objetivo proposto, foi realizado um conjunto de quatro experimentos, utilizando materiais de baixo custo e fácil aquisição, a saber: Peso do flogisto; Síntese do Ar Fixo (CO2); Síntese do Ar Inflamável (H2); Síntese do Ar Desflogisticado (O2). A análise qualitativa dos dados obtidos demonstrou que o formato de aula utilizado é aplicável ao Ensino Médio, tornando a aula mais dinâmica, sendo, portanto, apreciada pela maior parte dos discentes, o que possibilitou uma maior motivação desses.Palavras-chave: Experimentação Demonstrativa; História da Química; Recursos no Ensino de Química. The history of chemistry through the “airs”: an experimental contribution to chemistry teachingAbstract: The Chemistry teaching in Brazil nowadays follows, predominantly, a traditional model, being verified the use of repetitive pedagogical methodologies with low learning potential. In this context, the present work aimed to elaborate a different lesson plan involving chemical contents, historical data and philosophical discussions based on the theme “Airs”, using investigative demonstration as a didactic resource to provide more motivation and involvement of students. To achieve the proposed goal, a set of four experiments was carried out, using low-cost and easy-to-acquire materials, namely: Weight of phlogiston; Synthesis of Fixed Air (CO2); Flammable Air Synthesis (H2); Synthesis of Dephlogisticated Air (O2). The qualitative analysis of the data obtained showed that the class format used is applicable to high school, making the class more dynamic, being, therefore, appreciated by most of the students, which enabling a greater motivation.Keywords: Demonstrative Experimentation; History of Chemistry; Chemistry Teaching Resources.
Educação ambiental na base nacional comum curricular
Authors: Santos Fábio Viana
Published: May 2021

A presente resenha debruça-se sobre a obra: “A BNCC da Educação Infantil ao Ensino Fundamental: políticas públicas, currículo, competências e Educação Ambiental” de autoria da pesquisadora Silvana do Nascimento Silva, professora titular do Departamento de Ciências Biológicas da Universidade Estadual do Sudoeste da Bahia. A pesquisa da referida autora foi realizada junto ao Programa de Pós-Graduação em Educação (PPGE) da Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro (UFRJ) e buscou analisar as abordagens sobre Educação Ambiental na Base Nacional Comum Curricular (BNCC).
Aspectos da natureza da ciência nas pesquisas sobre controvérsias sociocientíficas
Authors: Krupczak Carla , Aires Joanez Aparecida
Published: May 2021

Resumo: A literatura aponta que as controvérsias sociocientíficas (CSC) podem ser utilizadas para facilitar a compreensão da natureza da ciência (NDC). Com base nesta premissa, o objetivo desta investigação é analisar se a NDC é contemplada e, quando presente, quais aspectos desta são mais abordados nas pesquisas que versam sobre as CSC. Para tal, realizou-se uma pesquisa qualitativa do tipo estado do conhecimento. Os dados foram constituídos no Catálogo de Teses e Dissertações da CAPES e interpretados por meio da Análise Textual Discursiva. Os resultados indicaram que a NDC é pouco contemplada em trabalhos sobre CSC. Entretanto, mesmo quando a NDC não faz parte do objetivo central das atividades envolvendo CSC, aspectos da ciência aparecem nas discussões, dentre eles, o mais comum é a influência de fatores externos na ciência. Tendo em vista estes resultados, argumentamos que o potencial das CSC para a compreensão da NDC precisa ser mais explorado.Palavras-chave: Questões Sociocientíficas; Epistemologia da Ciência; Educação Científica. Aspects of the nature of science in research on socioscientific issuesAbstract: The literature indicates that socioscientific issues (SSI) can facilitate the understanding of the nature of science (NOS). Based on that, the objective of this investigation is to analyze whether NOS is contemplated and, when present, which aspects of it are most addressed in the research that deals with SSI. For this end, a qualitative research of the state of knowledge type was carried out. The data was constituted in the CAPES Theses and Dissertations Catalog and interpreted through the Discursive Textual Analysis. The results indicated that the NOS is little considered in works on SSI. However, even when NOS is not part of the central objective of activities involving SSI, aspects of science appear in the discussions, among them, the most common is the influence of external factors in science. In view of these results, we argue that the potential of SSI for understanding NOS needs to be further explored.Keywords: Socioscientific Issues; Epistemology of Science; Science Education.
A contextualização do currículo frente às novidades científicas na formação inicial em ciências biológicas e pedagogia
Authors: Fratoni dos Santos Adriana , Bueno Lucas Lucken , Meneghello Passos Marinez , De Mello Arruda Sergio
Published: May 2021

Resumo: O artigo apresenta os resultados de uma pesquisa que investigou, junto a um grupo de licenciados de Ciências Biológicas e de Pedagogia, a forma como o currículo escolar tem sido abordado em sua formação inicial. A partir de um curso formativo, o currículo escolar relacionado ao ensino de Ciências Naturais foi discutido com esses estudantes quanto à sua abertura para os conhecimentos recentes de suas áreas de referência. Os dados coletados abrangeram respostas a um questionário, analisados com base nos pressupostos da Análise Textual Discursiva. Do processo analítico, foi evidenciado uma categoria denominada “Formação docente” que revelou, em três subcategorias, as percepções dos cursistas quanto à insuficiência do debate sobre os saberes curriculares na formação inicial, a compreensão do papel dos professores na contextualização do currículo e a relevância dos conteúdos escolares na aprendizagem dos fenômenos naturais, frente à necessária abertura dos programas curriculares para as novidades científicas.Palavras-chave: Ensino; Currículo e contexto; Formação inicial de professores. The curriculum contextualization in the face of scientific news in the initial formation in biological sciences and pedagogyAbstract: The article presents the results of a research that investigated how curricular knowledge has been approached in the initial formation of a group of students of Biological Sciences and Pedagogy. The school curriculum related to the teaching of Natural Sciences was discussed with these students, in terms of their flexibility and openness to the recent knowledge of their reference areas, in a training course. The collected data included answers to a questionnaire interpreted from the assumptions of the Discursive Textual Analysis. From the analysis, a category called “Teacher education” was evidenced, which revealed, through three subcategories, the perceptions of students regarding the insufficiency of the debate on curricular knowledge in initial education, the understanding of the role of teachers in contextualizing the curriculum and the relevance of school content in the learning of natural phenomena, given the necessary opening of curricular programs to scientific news.Keywords: Teaching; Curriculum and context; Initial teacher training.
Construção colaborativa de uma sequência didática: estratégias facilitadoras para a prática docente de professores de matemática
Authors: Sucupira Iara da Silva , Catarino Giselle Faur de Castro
Published: May 2021

Resumo: Este artigo apresenta uma pesquisa que trata da contribuição da sequência didática como estratégia facilitadora para o ensino de matemática a partir de uma perspectiva colaborativa envolvendo quatro professores de uma instituição estadual do Rio de Janeiro. Nosso referencial teórico se baseou em Tardif, Shulman e Zabala. A busca por possibilidades de colaboração com a prática docente e o beneficiamento da aprendizagem dos alunos foram os principais objetivos que procuramos alcançar. Os instrumentos para coleta de dados foram mediados por entrevistas e questionários. Os dados foram analisados por Análise Textual Discursiva. Neste artigo, apresentamos as análises de um dos participantes. Os resultados e a construção colaborativa de uma sequência didática mostraram-se positivos para contribuir como estratégias facilitadoras à prática pedagógica desenvolvida pelos professores, assim como possibilitaram questionamentos e discussões sobre o tema trabalhado, projetando anseios e desafios que envolvem o fazer docente.Palavras-chave: Prática docente; Sequência didática; Análise textual discursiva. Collaborative construction of a didactic sequence: facilitating strategies for the teaching practice of teachers of mathematicsAbstract: This article presents research that deals with the contribution of the didactic sequence as a facilitating strategy for teaching mathematics, based on a collaborative research involving four teachers from a state institution in Rio de Janeiro city. Our theoretical reference was based on Tardif, Shulman and Zabala. The search for possibilities of collaboration with the teaching practice and the improvement of student learning were the main objectives that we seek to achieve. The instruments for data collection were interviews and questionnaires and the data were analyzed from Discursive Textual Analysis. Let us, in this article, present the analyses of one of the subjects. The results and the collaborative construction of a didactic sequence proved to be positive to contribute as facilitating strategies for the pedagogical practice developed by the teachers, as well as allowing questions and discussions on the theme worked, projecting concerns and challenges that involve teaching.Keywords: Teaching practice; Didactic sequence; Discursive textual analysis.
Percepções acerca de adolescência por parte de professores de ciências
Authors: Marcondes Tatiana , Silva José Alves da
Published: May 2021

Resumo: Discutimos percepções sobre adolescência de um grupo de professores de ciências que frequentaram um curso de extensão. Para tanto, realizamos uma pesquisa qualitativa em educação com foco no cotidiano escolar que incluiu como instrumentos de pesquisa: material proveniente de videogravação, produções dos professores e anotações da pesquisadora. Na análise, usamos algumas ideias de Moscovici para representações sociais. Constatamos percepções pouco divergentes em relação aos estereótipos de adolescentes difundidos socialmente, ainda que tenham ocorridos avanços (como o reconhecimento de características dos adolescentes, das referências etc.) em direção aos conceitos científicos trabalhados no curso. Esperamos maior atenção sobre adolescência na formação de professores de ciências, posto que, possivelmente, essas percepções estão presentes na forma com que os professores exercem seu trabalho.Palavras-chave: Adolescência; Ensino de Ciências; Formação Continuada de Professores de Ciências Perceptions about adolescence by science teachersAbstract: We discussed perceptions about adolescence of a Science teachers group who attended an extension course. Although, we conducted a qualitative research in education with a focus on school routine, which included as research tools: video recording material, teachers productions and the researcher`s notes. In this analysis, we used some of Moscovici`s ideas for social representations. We found slightly divergent perceptions in relation to adolescents stereotypes that are socially disseminated. Even though advances have occurred (such as the recognition of adolescents characteristics, references and etc.) towards the scientific concepts worked on that course. We expect greater attention on adolescence in the training of Science teachers, since these perceptions are present in the way that teachers exercise their work.Keywords: Adolescence; Science Teaching; Continuing Education of Science Teachers.
Efeitos de sentido sobre transgênicos produzidos a partir da transformação nas condições de produção de leitura
Authors: Montalvão Neto Alberto Lopo , Barolli Elisabeth
Published: May 2021

Resumo: Reflexões relativas à Ciência e à Tecnologia têm se pautado no entorno de questões socialmente relevantes. Assim, além de colocar como fundamental um olhar para as relações entre tais eixos e a Sociedade, no presente trabalho, demonstramos como uma atividade baseada na leitura e na escrita no Ensino de Ciências, que visa autonomia e tomada de decisões, pode gerar outras compreensões por licenciandos em Ciências Biológicas. Analisamos os efeitos de sentido produzidos após ocorrer mudanças nas condições de produção de leitura, por meio do contato desses sujeitos com tipos textuais diversos. Nosso intuito foi compreender como se dão os seus posicionamentos frente as controvérsias científicas, mais especificamente no que se refere aos alimentos transgênicos. Para tal finalidade, analisamos produções textuais dissertativas, e observamos a ocorrência de mudanças nas condições de produção influenciaram a produção de sentidos dos licenciandos de/sobre transgenia, bem como em relação às controvérsias e questões sociopolíticas concernentes.Palavras-chave: CTS; Controvérsias Científicas; Análise de Discurso; Transgênicos. Meaning effects on transgenics produced from transformation in reading production conditions Abstract: Reflections on Science and Technology have been based on socially relevant issues. In addition to placing as crucial a look at the relationships between those axes and the Society, in the present work, we demonstrate how an activity based on reading and writing in Science Teaching, which aims at autonomy and decision making, can generate other understandings by undergraduate science Biological students. We analyze the meaning effects produced after changes in the conditions of reading production, through the contact of these subjects with different textual types. Our aim was to understand how their positions take place in the face of scientific controversies, more specifically with regard to transgenic foods. Analyzing textual dissertation productions, we observed that changes in production conditions influenced the production of senses of the undergraduate students on/about transgenics, as well as in relation to the controversies and socio-political issues involved.Keywords: STS; Scientific Controversies; Discourse Analysis; Transgenics.
A evolução como eixo integrador das ciências biológicas: uma unidade didática no contexto do ensino de biologia
Authors: Guarilha Colli Pedro Leonardo , Bologna Soares de Andrade Mariana Aparecida , Colussi Bastos Vinícius
Published: May 2021

Resumo: Estudos realizados nas últimas décadas indicam que a Biologia vem sendo ensinada de forma fragmentada e descontextualizada nas escolas brasileiras. Dentre os fatores apontados como causa desta tendência, destaca-se a negligência em relação ao ensino de Evolução, que raramente é tratado como o eixo integrador das Ciências Biológicas. Partindo disso, este estudo propõe uma Unidade de Ensino Potencialmente Significativa (UEPS) para a promoção da aprendizagem das ideias fundamentais à formação do pensamento evolutivo e compreensão dos fenômenos e mecanismos biológicos de maneira integrada e contextualizada. A UEPS construída aborda a Evolução por meio das cinco principais ideias evolucionistas do paradigma darwiniano e é sugerida para ser utilizada no primeiro ano do Ensino Médio.Palavras-chave: Ensino de Evolução; Didática da Biologia; Aprendizagem Significativa; UEPS. Evolution as a unifying axis of biological sciences: a teaching unit in the context of biology teachingAbstract: Studies carried out in the last decades indicate that Biology has been taught in a fragmented and decontextualized way in Brazilian schools. Among the factors pointed out as the cause of this trend, the negligence related to the teaching of Evolution stands out, which is rarely treated as the unifying axis of the Biological Sciences. Based on these understandings, this study proposes a Potentially Meaningful Teaching Unit (PMTU) to promote the learning of fundamental ideas for the formation of evolutionary thinking and understanding of biological phenomena and mechanisms in an integrated and contextualized way. The PMTU developed addresses Evolution through the five main evolutionary ideas of the Darwinian paradigm and is suggested to be used in the first year of High School.Keywords: Teaching of Evolution; Biology Teaching; Meaningful Learning; PMTU.
O uso dos filmes de ficção científica para o ensino de ciências com enfoque ciência, tecnologia e sociedade: uma revisão sistemática da literatura
Authors: Rocha Thaís Mendes , Silva Josie Agatha Parrilha da , Heerdt Bettina
Published: May 2021

Resumo: Esta revisão sistemática da literatura teve como objetivo identificar a forma que os filmes de ficção científica (FC) abordam questões do ensino das Ciências e o enfoque Ciência, Tecnologia e Sociedade (CTS). A pesquisa utilizou bancos de dados com os seguintes descritores: “Ensino de Ciências, CTS, Ficção Científica e Cinema”. Os resultados evidenciaram que desde a década de 1980, os filmes de FC são utilizados como recurso metodológico no ensino de Ciências, mas ainda são escassos os estudos que relacionam o CTS com os filmes de FC. Nas quatro pesquisas encontradas, entre 2012 e 2019, a articulação dos três componentes da tríade CTS, raramente ocorre de forma coerente com os referenciais, prevalecendo o realce na ciência, ou em tecnologia e, majoritariamente, na sociedade, sobrelevando as questões socioambientais.Palavras-chave: Ensino de Ciências; Enfoque CTS; Arte e Ciência; Cinema; Filmes de Ficção Científica. The use of scientific fiction films for teaching sciences with a focus on science, technology and society: a systematic review of literatureAbstract: This systematic review of the literature aimed to identify the way that science fiction films (SF) address issues of science teaching and the focus on Science, Technology and Society (STS). The research used databases with the following descriptors: “Science Teaching, STS, Science Fiction and Cinema”. The results showed that, since the 1980s, SF films have been used as a methodological resource in science teaching, but there are still few studies relating STS to SF films. In the four researches found, between 2012 and 2019, the articulation of the three components of the STS triad, rarely occurs in a coherent manner with the references, with emphasis on science or technology and, mainly, on society, prevailing, raising socioenvironmental issues.Keywords: Science teaching; Focus on STS; Art and Science; Movie theater; Science fiction
As funções e as responsabilidades dos revisores
Authors: Ferrari Lima Dartel , Meglhioratti Fernanda Aparecida , Franzen Leite Rosana , Klüber Tiago Emanuel
Published: May 2021

Resumo: O conceito de revisão por pares de artigos científicos, pode ser visto como uma análise avaliativa sistemática do desempenho de uma proposta submetida a publicação, com o objetivo de contribuir com o artigo revisto para ampliar a qualidade da veiculação e assegurar o cumprimento das melhores práticas, normas e princípios estabelecidos para a comunicação científica. Trata-se de revisões amigáveis, que dependem fortemente da colaboração espontânea de quem se propõem fazer.
The Precarity and Strategic Navigation of Chosonjok Migrants in South Korea
Authors: Shin HaeRan
Published: May 2021

This paper investigates how ethnic Koreans migrating to South Korea from the People’s Republic of China (PRC) have learned to adapt to precarity, tailoring their strategies to cope with an increasingly uncertain South Korean job market. Using archival analysis, participant observations, and in-depth interviews, the findings of this study demonstrate that the in-betweenness of those migrants’ ethnicity and nationality gives them licence to slip into the South Korean job market. They find employment, albeit part-time or contract-based work, further upsetting an already precarious job market. This research argues that Chosŏnjok, KoreanChinese migrants, have developed strategies to navigate unstable situations and use precarity to their advantage as a tactic to survive, relying on their Korean ethnicity to give them a foot in the door. In this paper, I explore the three strategies they employ to survive in increasingly precarious circumstances. One strategy is their willingness to seek employment through informal and unofficial job markets and broker systems. The second strategy is to engage in circular mobility, allowing Chosŏnjok to reap the benefits of citizenship in both South Korea and the PRC. The third strategy is place-making, and I used the enclave in the Kuro-Taerim area of Seoul, as an example. By engaging in South Korea’s unstable job market, Chosŏnjok’s precarious circumstances are exploited by employers while at the same time the migrants learn to exploit the precarity to their benefit.
Analysis of the sex-specific variability of blood parameters in C3H inbred mice by using data from a long-term, high-throughput project
Authors: Aigner B , Rathkolb B , Hrabě De Angelis M , Wolf E
Published: May 2021

Mice are important models for biomedical research by providing the possibility of standardizing genetic background and environmental conditions, which both affect phenotypic variability. Use of both sexes in experiments is strongly recommended because of possible differences in the outcome. However, sex-specific phenotypic variability is discussed with regard to putative consequences on the group size which is necessary for achieving valid and reproducible results. Here, we retrospectively analyzed the sex-specific variability of 25 blood parameters of C3H inbred mice in two different mouse facilities within the long-term, high-throughput Munich ENU mouse mutagenesis project. Using the 95 % data range, data of 4,780-20,706 mice per parameter were analyzed and resulted in ratios of the coefficient of variation (= female CV / (female CV + male CV)) from 0.44 to 0.58 for the 25 parameters, with an overall mean of 0.51 in both facilities. Together with data analyses of three additional, smaller studies with 72-247 animals per parameter examined and various genetic backgrounds (inbred strains, F1 hybrids) included, hints for reproducible sex-specific variability were observed for particular parameters. Thus, the overall analysis comprising all 25 clinical chemical and hematological parameters of the standardized, long-term analysis of a high number of group housed, young adult, twelve-week-old C3H inbred mice showed no evidence for substantial sex-specific variability. The results may provide a basis for the examination of sex-specific variability in particular blood parameters.
resolución de problemas, una oportunidad para aprender
Authors: Rodríguez Ariza Daissy Lorena , Rodriguez Ariza Alleidy
Published: May 2021

El propósito de este artículo producto de investigación, es dar a conocer los alcances de un estudio correlacional realizado entre Junio del 2017 y noviembre de 2018 en dos instituciones públicas (Bogotá D.C y Soacha, Cundinamarca),  cuyo objetivo era potencializar las competencias matemáticas para la resolución de problemas, a través de la implementación de una unidad didáctica constructivista en los estudiantes de quinto grado de educación básica de la Institución Educativa Nuevo Compartir y Colegio Darío Echandía I.E.D., para esto se empleó  la observación participante de los estudiantes, sus reportes académicos en el área de matemáticas y se tomó los resultados de la Prueba Saber (2016) y Aprendamos (2017), analizándolos desde tres categorías: comunicación, razonamiento y resolución; donde se evidenció la dificultad que tenían los estudiantes al solucionar problemas matemáticos. El trabajo investigativo se rigió bajo los parámetros del paradigma hermenéutico, con enfoque mixto, los referentes teóricos se plantean desde el concepto de competencia matemática para el Ministerio de Educación Nacional y de diferentes autores hasta la concepción de una unidad didáctica constructivista. Las técnicas empleadas para la recolección de la información son la observación participante, el análisis documental, taller investigativo, grupos focales y de discusión. Como resultados se destaca el progreso significativo de los estudiantes en cada una de las competencias matemáticas, siendo razonamiento la categoría con más avance durante la intervención en ambas entidades escolares. Esta evolución se ve representada en los estudiantes al leer detenidamente los enunciados, identificar los datos, interpretar en forma asertiva los enunciados de problemas matemáticos y preguntar por los términos desconocidos. Como valor agregado al producto del trabajo investigativo, se debe incluir el fomento de habilidades sociales como la capacidad de escucha, compartir una opinión y la empatía al trabajar por grupos colaborativos, demostrándose así la pertinencia y eficiencia de la propuesta pedagógica.
Videojuegos y su aporte al desarrollo del razonamiento abstracto
Authors: Ardila-Muñoz Jimmy Yordany , Torres Acosta Didier Fabian , González Lizarazo. Pablo Ferney
Published: May 2021

El abordaje del razonamiento abstracto en la educación básica y media en Colombia es omitido en los lineamientos formativos; en este contexto, desde el grupo de investigación GIACE se consideró pertinente adelantar un estudio que permitiese determinar la influencia del uso de los videojuegos como estrategia didáctica para el desarrollo del razonamiento abstracto en estudiantes de grado noveno en una institución educativa de carácter privado en la ciudad de Tunja. Para tal fin, se acudió a implementar un enfoque de investigación mixto. Desde la perspectiva cuantitativa se realizó un estudio exploratorio mediante un cuasiexperimento (Hernández et al. 2014) con grupo experimental, pero sin grupo de control. Para la perspectiva cualitativa se aplicó la investigación acción educativa desde la propuesta de Elliot (2005). El proceso investigativo contó con tres fases, a saber: 1) diagnóstico, en la que se hizo una prueba de razonamiento abstracto y se hizo una evaluación de videojuegos para ser incluidos en la estrategia didáctica; 2) desarrollo, en la que se diseñó e implementó la estrategia didáctica y posteriormente se realizó un segundo test de razonamiento abstracto y, 3) análisis de resultados, en los que se compararon los resultados del pretest y postest, así como un análisis de los datos cualitativos recolectados mediante diarios de campo y grupos focales. Las y los estudiantes participantes lo hicieron mediante consentimiento informado de sus padres y madres. Como resultados de interés se pudo identificar que los datos cuantitativos del estudio no fueron concluyentes. Entretanto, los resultados cualitativos permitieron evidenciar que el uso de videojuegos favoreció el trabajo colaborativo, la creatividad de los educandos al momento de tratar de resolver problemas, la capacidad de conocerse a sí mismo y la perseverancia.
Sistemas y estrategias de comunicación aumentativa y alternativa en cuidados intensivos
Authors: Giraldo Jimenez Luz Marina
Published: May 2021

El presente artículo de revisión describe los sistemas y estrategias de comunicación aumentativa y alternativa usados en cuidados intensivos, interlocutores participantes, beneficios de su uso, funciones del lenguaje para las que se usan aquellos, la importancia del profesional en fonoaudiología como orientador de procesos comunicativos y nivel de satisfacción del paciente con la comunicación. También se exponen otros aspectos que relacionados con la comunicación con el paciente deben ser tenidos en cuenta para traer múltiples beneficios, pero principalmente el reconocimiento del paciente como sujeto activo en el proceso de atención en salud, terapias complementarias no farmacológicas, la necesidad e importancia de cursos formativos en comunicación en el ambiente clínico.
Multidimensional Psychological Evaluation of Air Conditioner Sounds and Prediction via Correlation Parameters
Authors: Soeta Yoshiharu , Onogawa Ei
Published: May 2021

Air conditioners are regarded as a major source of noise in built environments. Although noise control technology has reduced the sound produced by air conditioners to a comparatively low level, some people may still feel that certain aspects of the sound quality lead to discomfort. Indeed, both the sound level and the sound quality of an air conditioner can affect user’s acoustic comfort. The aim of this study was to determine the factors that significantly influence the subjective response to the sound of air conditioners. We assessed the A-weighted equivalent continuous sound pressure level (LAeq) and factors extracted from the autocorrelation function (ACF) and interaural cross-correlation (IACF). Subjective loudness, sharpness, and annoyance were evaluated using a paired comparison method. Multiple regression analyses were performed using a linear combination of LAeq, the ACF factors, IACF factors, and assessment of their standard deviations. The multiple regression analyses indicated that LAeq, the delay time of the first maximum peak, the width of the first decay of the ACF, and the magnitude and width of the IACF could predict subjective responses to air conditioner sounds.
Neural Stem Cell-Derived Exosomes Regulate Neural Stem Cell Differentiation Through miR-9-Hes1 Axis
Authors: Yuan Ping , Ding Lu , Chen Huili , Wang Yi , Li Chunhong , Zhao Shu , Yang Xiaoyu , Ma Yizhao , Zhu Jie , Qi Xinrui , Zhang Yanyan , Xia Xiaohuan , Zheng Jialin C.
Published: May 2021

Exosomes, a key element of the central nervous system microenvironment, mediate intercellular communication via horizontally transferring bioactive molecules. Emerging evidence has implicated exosomes in the regulation of neurogenesis. Recently, we compared the neurogenic potential of exosomes released from primary mouse embryonic neural stem cells (NSCs) and astrocyte-reprogrammed NSCs, and observed diverse neurogenic potential of those two exosome populations in vitro. However, the roles of NSC-derived exosomes on NSC differentiation and the underlying mechanisms remain largely unknown. In this study, we firstly demonstrated that NSC-derived exosomes facilitate the differentiation of NSCs and the maturation of both neuronal and glial cells in defined conditions. We then identified miR-9, a pro-neural miRNA, as the most abundantly expressed miRNA in NSC-derived exosomes. The silencing of miR-9 in exosomes abrogates the positive effects of NSC-derived exosomes on the differentiation of NSCs. We further identified Hes1 as miR-9 downstream target, as the transfection of Hes1 siRNA restored the differentiation promoting potential of NSC-derived exosomes after knocking down exosomal miR-9. Thus, our data indicate that NSC-derived exosomes facilitate the differentiation of NSCs via transferring miR-9, which sheds light on the development of cell-free therapeutic strategies for treating neurodegeneration.
Exosomes: Innocent Bystanders or Critical Culprits in Neurodegenerative Diseases
Authors: Beatriz Margarida , Vilaça Rita , Lopes Carla
Published: May 2021

Extracellular vesicles (EVs) are nano-sized membrane-enclosed particles released by cells that participate in intercellular communication through the transfer of biologic material. EVs include exosomes that are small vesicles that were initially associated with the disposal of cellular garbage; however, recent findings point toward a function as natural carriers of a wide variety of genetic material and proteins. Indeed, exosomes are vesicle mediators of intercellular communication and maintenance of cellular homeostasis. The role of exosomes in health and age-associated diseases is far from being understood, but recent evidence implicates exosomes as causative players in the spread of neurodegenerative diseases. Cells from the central nervous system (CNS) use exosomes as a strategy not only to eliminate membranes, toxic proteins, and RNA species but also to mediate short and long cell-to-cell communication as carriers of important messengers and signals. The accumulation of protein aggregates is a common pathological hallmark in many neurodegenerative diseases, including Alzheimer’s disease, Parkinson’s disease, Huntington’s disease, amyotrophic lateral sclerosis, and prion diseases. Protein aggregates can be removed and delivered to degradation by the endo-lysosomal pathway or can be incorporated in multivesicular bodies (MVBs) that are further released to the extracellular space as exosomes. Because exosome transport damaged cellular material, this eventually contributes to the spread of pathological misfolded proteins within the brain, thus promoting the neurodegeneration process. In this review, we focus on the role of exosomes in CNS homeostasis, their possible contribution to the development of neurodegenerative diseases, the usefulness of exosome cargo as biomarkers of disease, and the potential benefits of plasma circulating CNS-derived exosomes.
Mechanism of circADD2 as ceRNA in Childhood Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia
Authors: Zhu Yuting , Ma Xiaopeng , Zhang Heng , Wu Yijun , Kang Meiyun , Fang Yongjun , Xue Yao
Published: May 2021

Background: Acute lymphocytic leukemia (ALL) is the most common malignant tumor in children. Increasing evidence suggests that circular RNAs (circRNAs) play critical regulatory roles in tumor biology. However, the expression patterns and roles of circRNAs in childhood acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) remain largely unknown.

Methods: circADD2 was selected by microarray assay and confirmed by qRT-PCR; in vitro effects of circADD2 were determined by CCK-8 and flow cytometry; while mice subcutaneous tumor model was designed for in vivo analysis. RNA immunoprecipitation and dual-luciferase assay were applied for mechanistic study. Protein levels were examined by Western blot assay.

Results: circADD2 was down-regulated in ALL tissues and cell lines. Overexpression of circADD2 inhibited cell proliferation and promoted apoptosis both in vitro and in vivo. Briefly, circADD2 could directly sponge miR-149-5p, and the level of AKT2, a target gene of miR-149-5p, was downregulated by circADD2.

Conclusion: circADD2, as a tumor suppressor in ALL, can sponge miR-149-5p, and may serve as a potential biomarker for the diagnosis or treatment of ALL.
Ecm29-Dependent Proteasome Localization Regulates Cytoskeleton Remodeling at the Immune Synapse
Authors: Ibañez-Vega Jorge , Del Valle Felipe , Sáez Juan José , Guzman Fanny , Diaz Jheimmy , Soza Andrea , Yuseff María Isabel
Published: May 2021

The formation of an immune synapse (IS) enables B cells to capture membrane-tethered antigens, where cortical actin cytoskeleton remodeling regulates cell spreading and depletion of F-actin at the centrosome promotes the recruitment of lysosomes to facilitate antigen extraction. How B cells regulate both pools of actin, remains poorly understood. We report here that decreased F-actin at the centrosome and IS relies on the distribution of the proteasome, regulated by Ecm29. Silencing Ecm29 decreases the proteasome pool associated to the centrosome of B cells and shifts its accumulation to the cell cortex and IS. Accordingly, Ecm29-silenced B cells display increased F-actin at the centrosome, impaired centrosome and lysosome repositioning to the IS and defective antigen extraction and presentation. Ecm29-silenced B cells, which accumulate higher levels of proteasome at the cell cortex, display decreased actin retrograde flow in lamellipodia and enhanced spreading responses. Our findings support a model where B the asymmetric distribution of the proteasome, mediated by Ecm29, coordinates actin dynamics at the centrosome and the IS, promoting lysosome recruitment and cell spreading.
Single Cell Transcriptomic Analyses Reveal the Impact of bHLH Factors on Human Retinal Organoid Development
Authors: Zhang Xiangmei , Mandric Igor , Nguyen Kevin H. , Nguyen Thao T. T. , Pellegrini Matteo , Grove James C. R. , Barnes Steven , Yang Xian-Jie
Published: May 2021

The developing retina expresses multiple bHLH transcription factors. Their precise functions and interactions in uncommitted retinal progenitors remain to be fully elucidated. Here, we investigate the roles of bHLH factors ATOH7 and Neurog2 in human ES cell-derived retinal organoids. Single cell transcriptome analyses identify three states of proliferating retinal progenitors: pre-neurogenic, neurogenic, and cell cycle-exiting progenitors. Each shows different expression profile of bHLH factors. The cell cycle-exiting progenitors feed into a postmitotic heterozygous neuroblast pool that gives rise to early born neuronal lineages. Elevating ATOH7 or Neurog2 expression accelerates the transition from the pre-neurogenic to the neurogenic state, and expands the exiting progenitor and neuroblast populations. In addition, ATOH7 and Neurog2 significantly, yet differentially, enhance retinal ganglion cell and cone photoreceptor production. Moreover, single cell transcriptome analyses reveal that ATOH7 and Neurog2 each assert positive autoregulation, and both suppress key bHLH factors associated with the pre-neurogenic and states and elevate bHLH factors expressed by exiting progenitors and differentiating neuroblasts. This study thus provides novel insight regarding how ATOH7 and Neurog2 impact human retinal progenitor behaviors and neuroblast fate choices.
Ubiquitin Modification Patterns of Clear Cell Renal Cell Carcinoma and the Ubiquitin Score to Aid Immunotherapy and Targeted Therapy
Authors: Zhou Peng , Lu Yuchao , Xun Yang , Xu Jinzhou , Liu Chenqian , Xia Qidong , Lu Junlin , Wang Shaogang , Hu Jia
Published: May 2021

Ubiquitin modification is the most common protein post-translational modification (PTM) process in organisms, and 1332 ubiquitin regulators have been identified in humans. Ubiquitin regulators, especially E3 ligases and deubiquitinases, are widely involved in immune processes. This study aims to explore the ubiquitin modification features of clear cell renal cell carcinoma (ccRCC) and to elucidate the role of such ubiquitin modifications in shaping anti-tumor immunity and individual benefits from immune checkpoint blockade (ICB). A comprehensive analysis was performed in the TCGA cohort (n= 530) and GEO cohort (n= 682). RNA sequencing data of 758 differentially expressed regulators, which was validated by the proteomics data, was used for k-means unsupervised consensus clustering and three ubiquitin patterns of ccRCC were identified. Then, we focused on the ubiquitin modification and tumor progression signatures, immune infiltration characteristics, and prognostic value. The three patterns with different ubiquitin modification signatures correspond to “immune desert phenotype,” “immune resistance phenotype,” and “immune-inflammatory phenotype,” respectively. To facilitate clinical application, we constructed a ubiquitin score to evaluate individual patients’ ubiquitination outcome, and it was demonstrated to be an independent risk factor for overall survival (OS) in multivariate Cox analysis. It was found that the high score group was correlated to higher immune cells infiltrating level and PD-1/PD-L1/CTLA-4 expression. More importantly, we found that the high score group was predicted to be sensitive to anti-PD-1 treatment, while the low-score group showed lower predicted IC50 values in treatment with Pazopanib and Axitinib. In summary, this study elucidated the potential link between ubiquitin modification and immune infiltration landscape of ccRCC for the first time and provided a new assessment protocol for the precise selection of treatment strategies for patients with advanced ccRCC.
Defining the Emerging Blood System During Development at Single-Cell Resolution
Authors: Karlsson Göran , Sommarin Mikael N. E. , Böiers Charlotta
Published: May 2021

Developmental hematopoiesis differs from adult and is far less described. In the developing embryo, waves of lineage-restricted blood precede the ultimate emergence of definitive hematopoietic stem cells (dHSCs) capable of maintaining hematopoiesis throughout life. During the last two decades, the advent of single-cell genomics has provided tools to circumvent previously impeding characteristics of embryonic hematopoiesis, such as cell heterogeneity and rare cell states, allowing for definition of lineage trajectories, cellular hierarchies, and cell-type specification. The field has rapidly advanced from microfluidic platforms and targeted gene expression analysis, to high throughput unbiased single-cell transcriptomic profiling, single-cell chromatin analysis, and cell tracing—offering a plethora of tools to resolve important questions within hematopoietic development. Here, we describe how these technologies have been implemented to address a wide range of aspects of embryonic hematopoiesis ranging from the gene regulatory network of dHSC formation via endothelial to hematopoietic transition (EHT) and how EHT can be recapitulated in vitro, to hematopoietic trajectories and cell fate decisions. Together, these studies have important relevance for regenerative medicine and for our understanding of genetic blood disorders and childhood leukemias.
Non-covalent Interaction With SUMO Enhances the Activity of Human Cytomegalovirus Protein IE1
Authors: Tripathi Vasvi , Chatterjee Kiran Sankar , Das Ranabir
Published: May 2021

Viruses interact with the host cellular pathways to optimize cellular conditions for replication. The Human Cytomegalovirus (HCMV) Immediate-Early protein 1 (IE1) is the first viral protein to express during infection. It is a multifunctional and conditionally essential protein for HCMV infection. SUMO signaling regulates several cellular pathways that are also targets of IE1. Consequently, IE1 exploits SUMO signaling to regulate these pathways. The covalent interaction of IE1 and SUMO (IE1-SUMOylation) is well studied. However, the non-covalent interactions between SUMO and IE1 are unknown. We report two SUMO-Interacting Motifs (SIMs) in IE1, one at the end of the core domain and another in the C-terminal domain. NMR titrations showed that IE1-SIMs bind to SUMO1 but not SUMO2. Two critical functions of IE1 are inhibition of SUMOylation of Promyelocytic leukemia protein (PML) and transactivation of viral promoters. Although the non-covalent interaction of IE1 and SUMO is not involved in the inhibition of PML SUMOylation, it contributes to the transactivation activity. The transactivation activity of IE1 was previously correlated to its ability to inhibit PML SUMOylation. Our results suggest that transactivation and inhibition of PML SUMOylation are independent activities of IE1.
Neuroimmune Pathophysiology in Asthma
Authors: Pavón-Romero Gandhi F. , Serrano-Pérez Nancy Haydée , García-Sánchez Lizbeth , Ramírez-Jiménez Fernando , Terán Luis M.
Published: May 2021

Asthma is a chronic inflammation of lower airway disease, characterized by bronchial hyperresponsiveness. Type I hypersensitivity underlies all atopic diseases including allergic asthma. However, the role of neurotransmitters (NT) and neuropeptides (NP) in this disease has been less explored in comparison with inflammatory mechanisms. Indeed, the airway epithelium contains pulmonary neuroendocrine cells filled with neurotransmitters (serotonin and GABA) and neuropeptides (substance P[SP], neurokinin A [NKA], vasoactive intestinal peptide [VIP], Calcitonin-gene related peptide [CGRP], and orphanins-[N/OFQ]), which are released after allergen exposure. Likewise, the autonomic airway fibers produce acetylcholine (ACh) and the neuropeptide Y(NPY). These NT/NP differ in their effects; SP, NKA, and serotonin exert pro-inflammatory effects, whereas VIP, N/OFQ, and GABA show anti-inflammatory activity. However, CGPR and ACh have dual effects. For example, the ACh-M3 axis induces goblet cell metaplasia, extracellular matrix deposition, and bronchoconstriction; the CGRP-RAMP1 axis enhances Th2 and Th9 responses; and the SP-NK1R axis promotes the synthesis of chemokines in eosinophils, mast cells, and neutrophils. In contrast, the ACh-α7nAChR axis in ILC2 diminishes the synthesis of TNF-α, IL-1, and IL-6, attenuating lung inflammation whereas, VIP-VPAC1, N/OFQ-NOP axes cause bronchodilation and anti-inflammatory effects. Some NT/NP as 5-HT and NKA could be used as biomarkers to monitor asthma patients. In fact, the asthma treatment based on inhaled corticosteroids and anticholinergics blocks M3 and TRPV1 receptors. Moreover, the administration of experimental agents such as NK1R/NK2R antagonists and exogenous VIP decrease inflammatory mediators, suggesting that regulating the effects of NT/NP represents a potential novel approach for the treatment of asthma.
Noble Metal Nanomaterial-Based Biosensors for Electrochemical and Optical Detection of Viruses Causing Respiratory Illnesses
Authors: Choi Hye Kyu , Lee Myeong-Jun , Lee Sang Nam , Kim Tae-Hyung , Oh Byung-Keun
Published: May 2021

Noble metal nanomaterials, such as gold, silver, and platinum, have been studied extensively in broad scientific fields because of their unique properties, including superior conductivity, plasmonic property, and biocompatibility. Due to their unique properties, researchers have used them to fabricate biosensors. Recently, biosensors for detecting respiratory illness-inducing viruses have gained attention after the global outbreak of coronavirus disease (COVID-19). In this mini-review, we discuss noble metal nanomaterials and associated biosensors for detecting respiratory illness-causing viruses, including SARS-CoV-2, using electrochemical and optical detection techniques. this review will provide interdisciplinary knowledge about the application of noble metal nanomaterials to the biomedical field.
FusionNet: A Deep Fully Residual Convolutional Neural Network for Image Segmentation in Connectomics
Authors: Quan Tran Minh , Hildebrand David Grant Colburn , Jeong Won-Ki
Published: May 2021

Cellular-resolution connectomics is an ambitious research direction with the goal of generating comprehensive brain connectivity maps using high-throughput, nano-scale electron microscopy. One of the main challenges in connectomics research is developing scalable image analysis algorithms that require minimal user intervention. Deep learning has provided exceptional performance in image classification tasks in computer vision, leading to a recent explosion in popularity. Similarly, its application to connectomic analyses holds great promise. Here, we introduce a deep neural network architecture, FusionNet, with a focus on its application to accomplish automatic segmentation of neuronal structures in connectomics data. FusionNet combines recent advances in machine learning, such as semantic segmentation and residual neural networks, with summation-based skip connections. This results in a much deeper network architecture and improves segmentation accuracy. We demonstrate the performance of the proposed method by comparing it with several other popular electron microscopy segmentation methods. We further illustrate its flexibility through segmentation results for two different tasks: cell membrane segmentation and cell nucleus segmentation.