bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Optimalisasi Organizational Citizenship Behavior (OCB) Pada Pegawai Dinas Di Kabupaten Lumajang
Authors: Irdiana Sukma , Darmawan Kusnanto
Published: December 2018

This study aims to determine the effect of job satisfaction, organizational commitment and organizational culture partially and simultaneously to organizational citizenship behavior (OCB) on official staff in Lumajang District. The research type used is descriptive with causal associative approach. This study was conducted with the number of respondents as many as 147 people. The sampling technique used is a saturated sampling technique. Hypothesis testing is done by multiple linear regression analysis for hypothesis through SPSS 16 for windows program. Based on the results of the study obtained that the satisfaction of employees and organizational culture there is a significant positive influence partially on organizational citizenship behavior (OCB) on the official staff in Lumajang District. While organizational commitment there is no significant positive effect partially on organizational citizenship behavior (OCB) on official employees in Lumajang District. Simultaneously employee satisfaction, organizational commitment and organizational culture there is a significant positive influence simultaneously to organizational citizenship behavior (OCB) on official staff in Lumajang District. The variables studied have an effect of 63.3% on the organizational citizenship behavior (OCB) and the rest is influenced by other variables that are not in carefully.
The Trips to Kastamonu of the Presidents of the Republic of Turkey (1923-2017)
Authors: PÜR Emine , YILMAZ Mehmet Serhat
Published: December 2018

The trips of the presidents between 1923 and 2017 to Kastamonu as a whole were scrutinized in this study. The trips to Kastamonu were conducted by the presidents Mustafa Kemal Atatürk, İsmet İnönü, Celal Bayar, Cevdet Sunay, Kenan Evren, Abdullah Gül and Recep Tayyip Erdoğan respectively. The presidents visited the province, towns and the villages, met with the authorities and the public. The presidents were accompanied by the statesmen, senior military officers, ministry experts, and family members. Therefore, it was aimed to investigate the issues in the area and to reach the right decisions for these issues. For which reasons the presidents travelled to Kastamonu and which activities they carried out in Kastamonu were questioned in this article. It was obtained in this study that the Kastamonu trips were quite important because of the fact that the issues about the city were reported directly to the first person of the state and potential investments in education, health, social, economic and cultural areas were planned. Research papers, archive documents and Kastamonu press were utilized as main references.
TEST FLOUR ANT NESTS INHIBITION (Myrmecodia pendans) AGAINST BACTERIA Escherichia coli and Salmonella IN INTESTINAL OF QUAIL ( Coturnix-coturnix japonica )
Authors: Lumbangaol Susan E
Published: December 2018

This research aims to know the influence of addition of Ant (Myrmecodia pendans) to drag power bacteria quail. The sample in this research was the quail as much as 250 quail. Basal feed consists of a mixture of yellow corn, soybeans for cake, MBM (meat bone meal) fish meal, pollard, dicalsiumposfhat, premix, cooking oil, and Dekstro lekso methionine. The addition of Ant consists of 5 treatments, namely control or P0 (0%), P1 (0,2%), P2 (0,4%), P3 (0,6%), as well as the addition of  P4 (0,8%). The parameters observed inhibitory power is bacterial (Escherichia coli Bacteria Salmonella) and Total Plate Count (TPC). The research was designed using Random Design complete with 5 treatments and five replicates. The results of the analysis showed that the granting of Ant against test bacteria inhibitory power suggests that the addition of the Ant's nests significantly different (P<0,05) for bacteria Escherichia coli with an average power of drag is higheston treatment of P4 (0,8%) of 13,05 mm, whereas the drag power test Salmonella bacteria on average the highest inhibitory at the treatment power P2 (0,2%) of 12,21 mm. The addition of Ant against the test of Total Plate Count showed that increasing the giving of Ant can inhibit the bacteria in the gut quail but statistically not different either in the bacteria Escherichia coli Salmonella (P>0,05). Results of the study it was concluded that the higher the granting of Ant can maintain intestinal bacteria on growth performance of quail
A beszédfejlődés kisgyermekkortól kamaszkorig
Authors: Bóna Judit
Published: December 2018

A gyermeknyelvi kutatások döntő többsége főként az első életévekben lezajló fejlődést mutatja be, habár az anyanyelv-elsajátítás nem zárul le ekkor, fontos fejlődés történik még 6–7 éves kor után is. A jelen összefoglaló tanulmány a magyar gyermekek beszédfejlődésével kapcsolatos eredményeket mutatja be hároméves kortól kamaszkorig. Kitér a beszédszervek változásaira, a kiejtés, a szókincs és a nyelvtan fejlődésére, majd bemutatja a folyamatos beszéd fejlődésének legfontosabb jellemzőit. Röviden arról is szól, hogyan alkalmazzák a gyermekek a beszédet különféle kommunikációs szándékaik kifejezésére, illetve a társalgásban való megfelelő részvételre.
A magyarországi gyermeknyelvi vizsgák tartalmi és jogi szabályozottsága
Authors: Öveges Enikő
Published: December 2018

A tanulmány célja, hogy bepillantást nyújtson a ma Magyarországon a gyermekek, azaz a köznevelésben tanulók számra kötelező, illetve elérhető nyelvi mérésekről és vizsgákról. Az összefoglalás négy nyelvi tesztre tér ki: az idegen nyelvi és a célnyelvi mérésekre, az érettségire és a nyelvvizsgákra, ezen belül az államilag elismert és a junior vizsgákra. A felsoroltakat megvizsgálja céljaik és felépítésük szempontjából, áttekinti az elérhető vizsgaeredményeket és idevágó elemzéseket, valamint bemutatja hozadékaikat és esetleges hátrányaikat. A nyelvi teszteket hazai és európai környezetükbe helyezve tárgyalja, ennek részeként megvizsgálja a Közös Európai Referenciakerettel való kapcsolódásukat is. Összességében képet ad arról, hogy az ezredforduló óta kiépült, komplex nyelvi vizsga rendszer milyen pozitív hozadékokat eredményez, és rámutat a kevésbé előnyös velejárókra, például a nyelvtanításban tapasztalható vizsgaközpontúságra is.
Nyelvi készségek fejlesztése NILD-terápiás
Authors: Jordanisz Ágnes
Published: December 2018

A NILD Tanulási Terápia® egy kognitív funkciókat fejlesztő program, amely integrálja a hatékony tanuláshoz szükséges metakognitív gondolkodást és az interaktív kommunikációt. A terapeuta a tanuló proximális fejlődési zónájában nyújt segítséget, többnyire olyan kérdéssel, amely magasabb szintű gondolkodásra készteti a diákot. A nyelvi fejlesztési területek magukba foglalják a beszéd teljes feldolgozását – az auditív figyelemtől a szövegértésig –, valamint a szóbeli és írásbeli kifejezőkészség fejlesztését. Az olvasás és a helyesírás megalapozását és fejlesztését célozza a fonológiai tudatosság fejlesztése több technikába ágyazva (a NILD terápiás program több mint 20 technikával dolgozik). A fonológiai tudatosság a szótag-, a rím- és a beszédhang-tudatosságot foglalja magába. A jelen tanulmányban mindegyik terület fejlesztéséhez közlünk gyakorlatokat a NILD Tanulási Terápia rövid bemutatása után.
A sírástól az első szótagig
Authors: Györkő Enikő , Klein Ágnes
Published: December 2018

A közelmúlt során megalakult Tipikus és Atipikus Gyermeknyelvfejlődési Kutatócsoport célja a gyermekek kora életévétől a kisiskoláskor végéig tartó nyelvi fejlődésének és zavarainak nyomon követése, dokumentálása, valamint az atipikus fejlődés terápiás hatásainak felkutatása. A tudományos csoport vizsgálni kívánja továbbá a nyelvi és kognitív képességek összefüggéseit, a többnyelvűség kérdéseit és ezek megjelenési formáit a társadalomban. Közismert tény, hogy a nyelvi képesség elsajátítása egy olyan eseményekben gazdag út, amely az anyaméh világában kezdődik és még a serdülőkoron túl is folytatódik. Mivel a nyelvi fejlődés folyamata viszonylag hosszú és számos kihívással jár, ezért a jelen tanulmány, a kutatócsoport megalakulása kapcsán csupán egy rövid, de maghatározó periódust kíván ebből kiemelni. Pontosan azt a szakaszt érinti, amelyben a kezdetben ügyetlennek tűnő hangadási próbálkozásoktól az akaratlagos mozzanatokig tartó alapozó időszakba jut a gyermek, ahol az artikulációs rendszere az életkori beszédhibák mellett éretté válik az első érthető szavak kiejtésére.
An Old Believer’s confessional questionnaire from Latgale: linguocultural analysis of the text
Authors: Plotnikova Anna , Trefilova Olga V.
Published: December 2018

During the expedition to the Old Believers in Latgale (Latvia) a group of Slavists investigating the Russian language of Old Believers abroad got a scanned copy of the confessional questionnaire as a present from Basil Trishkin, a mentor of Gayok Old Believers’ House of Prayer (Daugavpils). This questionnaire is used by Basil Trishkin during confessions in conversations with the parishioners. As the study of the manuscript revealed the questionnaire according to its content, structure and features of language dates back to the pre-Raskol texts of the XѴII century. The next expedition, 2017, confirmed the assumption that the questionnaire is a part of the Old Believer’s prayer book. The expeditions did not pursue archeographic objectives, the conversations with mentors were mostly focused on prohibitions and prescriptions in the Old Believers’ community in Latgale for the purpose of its further sociolinguistic and ethnolinguistic analysis. Nevertheless the scanned manuscript certainly deserves attention as a piece of the Old Believers’ written culture. On the one hand, the Old Believer’s prayer book is written in Church Slavonic. On the other hand, the scanned manuscript is a source of information about the Latgalian Old Believers’ Russian language as a language for everyday communication, including lexical and other dialect features. The oral comments of the mentors Basil Trishkin and Ioann Zhilko about prohibitions in the Old Believers’ community, use of the questionnaire in the practice of worship and opportunities to pass it on to a group of researchers, with subsequent publication of the text, are particularly noteworthy.
PENGARUH STUNTING PADA TUMBUH KEMBANG ANAK
Authors: Artika Mukti Fajar
Published: December 2018

Status Gizi (PSG) 2017 menunjukkan prevalensi Balita stunting di Indonesia masih tinggi, yakni 29,6% di atas batasan yang ditetapkan WHO (20%). Stunting merupakan kondisi gagal pertumbuhan pada anak (pertumbuhan tubuh dan otak) akibat kekurangan gizi dalam waktu yang lama. Stunting pada anak balita merupakan konsekuensi dari beberapa faktor yang sering dikaitkan dengan kemiskinan termasuk gizi, kesehatan, sanitasi dan lingkungan. Ada lima faktor utama penyebab stunting yaitu kemiskinan, sosial dan budaya, peningkatan paparan terhadap penyakit infeksi, kerawanan pangan dan akses masyarakat terhadap pelayanan kesehatan. Dengan adanya stunting maka ada upaya intervensi yang meliputi pemantauan pada saat ibu hamil, pada saat bayi lahir, pada saat bayi berusia 6 bulan sampai 2 tahun, memantau pertumbuhan balita di posyandu, dan perilaku hidup bersih dan sehat.
PROMOSI KESEHATAN PADA KARANG TARUNA UNTUK MENINGKATKAN PERILAKU PSN (Pemberantasan Sarang Nyamuk)
Authors: Lailiyah Ucik Lathifatul
Published: December 2018

Penyakit Demam Berdarah Dengue (DBD) adalah penyakit yang disebabkan oleh virus dengue yang tergolong Arthropod-Borne Virus, genus Flavivirus, dan family Flaviviridae. DBD ditularkan melalui gigitan nyamuk dari genus Aedes, terutama Aedes aegypti atau Aedes albopictus (Ditjen PP&PL, 2014). Penyakit demam berdarah dengue (DBD) dapat muncul sepanjang tahun dan dapat menyerang seluruh kelompok umur. Promosi kesehatan merupakan proses untuk memberdayakan masyarakat agar mereka mampu memelihara dan meningkatkan kesehatannya.
hubungan gaya hidup dengan kejadian obesitas pada anak usia 3 tahun
Authors: AIFEN HELY KRESTI
Published: December 2018

Obesitas atau kegemukan dari segi kesehatan merupakan salah satu penyakit salah gizi, sebagai akibat konsumsi makanan yang jauh melebihi kebutuhannya. Faktor utama penyebab obesitas tersebut ialah kebiasaan hidup sehari-hari, seperti pola makan, aktivitas fisik, dan pola tidur. Kegemukan bukan lagi masalah estetika bukan pula masalah genetik dan masalah lingkungan tapi masalah manajemen berat badan yang kurang tepat yang dapat dirubah dengan pengetahuan yang benar melalui pola hidup yang sehat, seperti istirahat teratur, pola makan yang sehat dan aktivitas yang seimbang.
Pengaruh Budaya Kepemimpinan Masyarakat Mayoritas dan Minoritas sebagai Konflik Politik
Authors: Sari Chatarina Prischa Laras
Published: December 2018

Indonesia adalah negara yang sangat kaya dengan suku dan budaya dengan sembohyan “Bhineka Tunggal Ika”. Indonesia merupakan negara Demokrasi, yaitu pemerintahan oleh rakyat dari rakyat dan untuk rakyat. Rakyat menjadi pemimpin yang berkuasa untuk memilih. Menurut plato negara yang demokrasi adalah negara yang tidak seimbang, negara ini menganut kebebasan. Karena setiap orang memiliki kebebasan untuk berbuat, bentindak dan memilih. Demokrasi membentuk negara ini menjadi 2 golongan, yaitu golongan mayoritas yang biasa disebut sebagai penindas, dan golongan minoritas yang biasa disebut kaum tertindas. Adanya kesenjangan dari dua golongan ini sangat nampak ketika mereka memiliki Tujuan yang berbeda, karena adanya tujuan ini maka timbulah perjuangan untuk mencapai tujuan tersebut dan menimbulkan konflik.
PENTINGNYA GOTONG-ROYONG SEBAGAI PEMERSATU PEMUDA ANTAR AGAMA
Authors: Yuwita Vitus
Published: December 2018

Semangat gotong-royong harus dapat diwujud nyatakan dalam kehidupan bermasyarakat, berbangsa dan bernegara di tanah air Indonesia. Pemuda adalah generasi penerus bangsa yang memiliki semangat kebersamaan yang cukup besar. Dalam banyak hal, segala aktivitas yang dilakukan oleh para pemuda diberikan dukungan dan motivasi yang positif, sejauh kegiatan yang dilakukan tersebut adalah kegiatan yang membangun. Hal ini bertujuan supaya nilai-nilai pancasila dan nilai-nilai luhur tidak hanya sebatas teori saja, melainkan bukti nyata sebagai warga asli Indonesia yang sangat mencintai budaya asli Indonesia.
Pengembangan Bahan Ajar Tematik Terpadu di Kelas V Sekolah Dasar Menggunakan Identifikasi Masalah
Authors: Desyandri Desyandri
Published: December 2018

The research goals was to be achieved in the development of these materials is to produce an integrated thematic teaching materials are valid, practical, and effective. This research is a type of development and uses ADDIE models which consists of five phases: Analysis, Design, Development, Implementation, and Evaluation phases. Test the validity of research data obtained through the sheet validity of teaching materials. Data obtained through the sheet practicality of the impementation of lesson plans, teacher response assessment and student response assessment. Effectiveness seen from the student activity, assessment process and assessment of results. Based on the validity of test data showed that the avarage percentage of the teaching materials validator is 89.26% with the category of very valid. The test results practicalities of the implementation of lesson pland obtained 91.43% with a very good category. Rating teacher responses obtained 93.05% and 89.58% student response. The effectiveness of teaching materials seen from the student activity, obtained an avarage percentage of 85.67% with a very active category. Of the daily assessment conducted seen tends to increase student learning outcomes. Based on these results, we can conclude an integrated thematic teaching materials at Elementary School Fifth Grade using Problem Base Learning developed can be considered valid, practical, and effective.
PENGARUH PENERAPAN E-REGISTRATION, E- SPT DAN E- PAYMENT TERHADAP TINGKAT KEPATUHAN WAJIB PAJAK DALAM MEMENUHI KEWAJIBAN PERPAJAKAN (PADA KATOR PELAYANAN PAJAK PRATAMA PADANG
Authors: Zulvia Dewi
Published: December 2018

In preparing this essay, the author has conducted research on tax office primary Padang with data coaction conducted through questionnaires distributed to taxpayers in the padang primary tax office of te 100 taxpayers. Data Analysis in this study using multiple linear regression, test and test F t. Tujuan of this study was to determin the effect of e-Registration, e- SPT and e- Payment Compliance Rate Taxpayer Against Either simultaneously or patial. The results can be concluded that the partial e-Registration (X1) significantly affects the taxpayer Compliance Rate Visible From Sig <0,05 and due t caunt>t table (4,223>2.000). In an e-SPT (X2) Significantly affects the taxpayer Compliance Rate visible From sig <0,05 and tcount>ttable (5,195>2,000). And e- Payment (X3) no Significant effect on taxpayer Compliance Rate Visible From sig <0,05 and t cound F table (18.190>2,72).Finally, the authors suggested that the tax authorities (tax authorities) on the tax Office Primary Padang need to improve the quality of srvive because there is still tax payers between the service provided by service that is exspeted, how this can be achieved is by improving the quality of human resources, especially human resources more direcly related wit taxpayers
RELEVANSI NILAI PANCASILA DALAM KEHIDUPAN BERMASYARAKAT DEWASA INI DI LIHAT DARI EKASILA ALA SOEKARNO
Authors: renatasari ribka greta
Published: December 2018

Pancasila sebagai dasar negara menjadi suatu dasar negara yang sangat kuat. Setiap sila dalam Pancasila mengandung nilai-nilai kehidupan bangsa Indonesia, maka dari itu dalam Pancasila mencerminkan kehidupan bangsa Indonesia. Soekarno dalam sebuah pidatonya mengungkapkan pendapat bahwa Pancasila jika diperas menjadi Ekasila maka kata gotong royong lah yang pantas mencerminkannya. Namun, seturut berjalanya waktu perasan Ekasila tersebut dipertanyakan, maka muncullah penjelasan bahwa gotong royong ini merupakan natura dari masyarakat Indonesia yang sejak dahulu kala memang menjunjung tinggi nilai gotong royong dan kerja sama. Lalu bagaimanakah pengaplikasiannya dalam kehidupan dewasa ini? masihkan masyarakat Indonesia memegang nilai atau prinsip gotong royong ini dalam kehidupannya?
Порядок приобщения скрытой аудиозаписи в качестве доказательства в гражданском процессе// Humanitarian and Socio-Economic Sciences Journal/ OEAPS Inc., Berlin, Germany, pp. 33-37
Authors: Голуб Елена Ивановна
Published: December 2018

В работе рассматривается вопрос о допустимости скрытых аудиозаписей в качестве доказательств в цивилистическом процессе. Проанализирована практика арбитражных судов и судов общей юрисдикции, рассмотрены позиции Верховного и Конституционного Судов РФ относительно данного вопроса.This article discuss the issue of the admissibility of hidden audio recordings as evidence in a civil process. The practice of arbitration courts and courts of general jurisdiction is analyzed, the positions of the Supreme and Constitutional Courts of the Russian Federation regarding this issue are considered.
Preprint: Emotion-modulated startle in psychopathy: Clarifying familiar effects
Authors: Baskin–Sommers Arielle , Curtin John Joseph , Newman Joseph P.
Published: December 2018

AbstractThe behavior of psychopathic individuals is thought to reflect a core fear deficit that prevents these individuals from appreciating the consequences of their choices and actions. However, growing evidence suggests that psychopathy-related emotion deficits are moderated by attention and, thus, may not reflect a reduced capacity for emotion responding. The present study attempts to reconcile this attention perspective with one of the most cited findings in psychopathy, which reports emotion-modulated startle deficits among psychopathic individuals during picture viewing. In this study, we evaluate the potential effects of a putative attention bottleneck on the emotion processing of psychopathic offenders during picture viewing by manipulating picture familiarity and examining emotion-modulated startle and late positive potential (LPP). As predicted, psychopathic individuals displayed the classic deficit in emotion-modulated startle during novel pictures, but they showed no deficit in emotion-modulated startle during familiar pictures. Conversely, results for LPP responses revealed psychopathy-related differences during familiar pictures and no psychopathy-related differences during novel pictures. Important differences related to the two Factors of psychopathy are also discussed. Overall, the results of this study not only highlight the differential importance of perceptual load on emotion processing in psychopathy, but also raise interesting questions about the varied effects of attention on psychopathy-related emotion deficits.
Preprint: Altering the Cognitive-Affective Dysfunctions of Psychopathic and Externalizing Offender Subtypes with Cognitive Remediation
Authors: Baskin–Sommers Arielle , Curtin John Joseph , Newman Joseph P.
Published: December 2018

Cognitive remediation is a treatment approach with the potential to translate basic science into more specific, mechanism-based interventions by targeting particular cognitive skills. The present study translated understanding of two well-defined cognitive-emotion dysfunctions into novel deficit-matched interventions and evaluated whether cognitive remediation would demonstrate specific and generalizable change. Two antisocial-subtypes, individuals with psychopathy and externalizing traits, are characterized by cognitive-affective problems that predispose them to engage in significant substance abuse and criminal behavior, culminating in incarceration. Whereas individuals with psychopathy fail to consider important contextual information, individuals with externalizing traits lack the capacity to regulate affective reactions. Training designed to remedy these subtype-specific deficits led to improvement on both trained and non-trained tasks. Such findings offer promise for changing neural and behavioral patterns, even for what many consider to be the most recalcitrant treatment population, and presage a new era of translating cognitive-affective science into increasingly specific and effective interventions.
Preprint: Alcohol stress response dampening: Selective reduction of anxiety in the face of uncertain threat
Authors: Hefner Kathryn R. , Curtin John Joseph
Published: December 2018

Problematic alcohol use and stress-response dampening (SRD) are intimately interconnected. Recent evidence suggests that alcohol produces selective SRD during uncertain but not certain threat. We systematically varied shock probability in a novel task assessing alcohol SRD during low probable/uncertain threat, while holding temporal precision of threat constant. Intoxicated (0.08% target blood alcohol concentration) and placebo participants completed a cued shock threat task in which probability of shock administration at the offset of brief visual cues varied parametrically. High probability (100%) shock cues represented certain threat as used in earlier research, while lower probability (20% & 60%) shock cues provided novel uncertain threat conditions. Startle potentiation during cues and inter-trial-intervals (ITIs) served as the measure of affective response. General linear model analysis indicated that alcohol SRD magnitude increased monotonically as threat uncertainty increased. Alcohol SRD was significantly greater during 20% and 60% shock threat relative to 100% shock threat. Alcohol also significantly reduced startle potentiation during distal threat in shock-free ITIs. Alcohol SRD magnitude during distal/uncertain threat was meaningfully moderated by individual differences in negative affectivity and weekly alcohol consumption. This work advances understanding of which properties of uncertainty are relevant to anxiety and anxiolytic effects of alcohol.
Preprint: Differential effects of psychopathy and antisocial personality disorder symptoms on cognitive and fear processing in female offenders
Authors: Anton Marja E. , Baskin–Sommers Arielle , Vitale Jennifer E. , Curtin John Joseph , Newman Joseph P.
Published: December 2018

Psychopathy and antisocial personality disorder (APD) have long been considered important risk factors for criminal behavior and incarceration. However, little is known about the psychobiological underpinnings that give rise to the disinhibited behavior of female offenders. Using an instructed fear-conditioning paradigm and a sample of incarcerated female offenders, we manipulated attentional focus and cognitive load to characterize and differentiate between the dysfunctional cognitive and affective processes associated with these syndromes. We used fear-potentiated startle (FPS) and event-related potentials as measures of affective and cognitive processing, respectively. After controlling for APD symptoms, psychopathic women displayed greater FPS while attending directly to threat-relevant stimuli and displayed less FPS while performing a demanding task that directed attention to threat-irrelevant information. Conversely, controlling for psychopathy, women with high APD symptoms displayed less overall FPS, especially when instructed to focus on threat-relevant stimuli. However, as the demands on cognitive resources increased, they displayed greater FPS. For both psychopathy and APD, analysis of the event-related potentials qualified these findings and further specified the abnormal cognitive processes associated with these two syndromes. Overall, simultaneous analysis of psychopathy and APD revealed distinct patterns of cognitive processing and fear reactivity.
Preprint: The Interplay of Attention and Emotion: Top-down Attention Modulates Amygdala Activation in Psychopathy
Authors: Larson Christine , Baskin–Sommers Arielle , Stout Daniel M. , Balderston Nicholas L. , Curtin John Joseph , Schultz Douglas H. , Kiehl Kent A. , Newman Joseph P.
Published: December 2018

Psychopathic behavior has long been attributed to a fundamental deficit in fear that arises from impaired amygdala function. Growing evidence demonstrates that fear potentiated startle (FPS) and other psychopathy-related deficits are moderated by focus of attention but, to date, no work on adult psychopathy has examined attentional modulation of the amygdala, or concomitant recruitment of relevant attention-related circuitry. Consistent with previous FPS findings, here we report that psychopathy-related differences in amygdala activation appear and disappear as a function of goal-directed attention. Specifically, decreased amygdala activity was observed in psychopathic offenders only when attention was engaged in an alternative goal-relevant task prior to presenting threat-relevant information. Under this condition, psychopaths also exhibited greater activation in selective attention regions of the lateral prefrontal cortex (LPFC) than non-psychopaths, and this increased LPFC activation mediated psychopathy’s association with decreased amygdala activation. In contrast, when explicitly attending to threat, amygdala activation in psychopaths did not differ from non-psychopaths. This pattern of amygdala activation highlights the potential role of LPFC in mediating the failure of psychopathic individuals to process fear and other important information when it is peripheral to the primary focus of goal-directed attention.
The foundations of introspective access: how the relative precision of target encoding influences metacognitive performance
Authors: Kellij Sanne , Fahrenfort Johannes Jacobus , Lau Hakwan , Peters Megan A. K. , Odegaard Brian
Published: December 2018

In metacognition research, objective performance is often matched between conditions, so that differences in type II performance (metacognition) cannot be attributed to differences in type I (task-related) performance. A recent study by Meuwese et al (2014) showed a difference in metacognitive ability when comparing metacognition in a detection and a categorization task. Interestingly, this difference only occurred in correct rejection trials, despite the fact that type I performance was matched between tasks. In the present study, we use a different manipulation to investigate the origin of these metacognitive asymmetries. We measured metacognition while matching performance in two visibility manipulations: phase-scrambling and the attentional blink. As in previous work, metacognitive asymmetries emerged: despite matched type 1 performance, metacognitive ability (measured by area under the ROC curve) for reporting stimulus absence was higher in the attentional blink condition. We performed Signal Detection Theoretic (SDT) modeling of the results, showing that differences in metacognition under equal type I performance can be explained when the variance of the signal and noise distributions are unequal. Specifically, the present study suggests that phase scrambling signal trials have a wider distribution (more variability) than attentional blink signal trials, leading to a larger area under the ROC curve for attentional blink trials where subjects reported stimulus absence. These results provide a theoretical basis for the origin of metacognitive differences on trials where subject report stimulus absence, and may also explain previous findings where the absence of evidence during detection tasks results in lower metacognitive performance when compared to categorization.
Use of Informatics Textbooks in School Classroom
Authors: Hajdin Goran , Divjak Blaženka
Published: December 2018

Textbooks are an integral part of school classroom teaching. Their use has been researched for the past few decades with a focus on a wide variety of aspects. This paper is focused on the published literature relative to textbooks with a special focus on the pedagogical use of textbooks within school classroom of informatics. Sixty two papers of various topics related to textbooks have been analyzed. The focus was placed on a) identifying the most influential papers related to textbooks where we identified nine key papers; b) prevailing topics in research papers related to informatics’ textbooks where analysis showed that most papers related to textbooks and informatics are focused on textbook content; c) identifying which topics have been researched in other fields related to use of textbooks but have not been so far included in surveys related to informatics subject, where we identified five main categories of topics researched in other fields.
Study of genetic resources for Powdery mildew resistance by biochemical and physiological parameters on peaches and nectarines in Romania
Authors: Toma S. , Ivascu A. , Oprea M. , Delian E. , Toma F. , Zdremtan M. , Halmagean L. , Cantar L.
Published: December 2018

During 1997-2002, studies on the physiological and biochemical changes due to powdery mildew attack in peach and nectarine cultivars and hybrids belonging to different classes of resistance had been performed at the Research Station for Fruit Tree Growing (RSFTG) Baneasa Bucharest, located in the southern part of Romania. The study was based on disease assessments in the field and on other diagnosis criteria.

The southern part of Romania has favourable ecological conditions for growing peach and nectarine but trees have been attacked by various pathogens such as Sphaerotheca pannosa (Wallr.: Fr.) Lev. var. persicae Woronichin fungus for a long time. The presence of the pathogen causes important changes in the quantity and quality of fruits and affects the metabolism of trees.

This study was focused on several physiological and biochemical parameters such as photosynthesis and respiration intensity along with catalase activity; and changes in some biochemical compounds such as free, total and linked water content, dry matter, nitrogen and protein content, tannin levels. The aim was to find possible correlation among the above parameters and the biotic stress induced by the powdery mildew fungus calculated as attack degree (AD%).

Results showed that photosynthesis diminished significantly in the case of the attacked phenotypes, the respiration was more intense in the infected cultivars and catalase proved to be less intense in the affected plants. The total water content significantly increased in contrast to the dry matter and tannin contents, which greatly reduced in the case of resistant cultivars such as 'Victoria', Vectared 7', 'KB 11-40'. The total nitrogen and protein levels showed less influence on resistance to powdery mildew on all cultivars. All genetic material found resistant to powdery mildew is currently used in peach and nectarine breeding programs in Romania.

Further studies focused on isolation and characterization of resistance genes for powdery mildew resistance will be done in the future based on data collected during several years.
Path analysis and correlation coefficient of environmental factors influencing foraging behaviour of four honeybee species pollinating litchi flowers (Litchi chinensis Sonn.)
Authors: Abrol D. P.
Published: December 2018

Honeybee species Apis dorsata F; A. mellifera L; A. cerana F. and A.florea F. were the most important and efficient pollinators of litchi flowers (Litchi chinensis Sonn.) in India. They constituted more than 65% of the total pollinating insects. The ecological threshold for commencement and cessation of flight activity of each honeybee species varied from one another. In general, 15.5-18.5°C temperature, 600-1700 lx light intensity, 9-20 mW/cm2 solar radiation appeared to be the minimum ecological conditions for commencement of flight activity in Apis species. Cessation of activities in all the honeybee species was governed mainly by decline in values of light intensity and solar radiation irrespective of other factors.

In between commencement and cessation, the activity of all honeybee species followed the same general pattern as temperature (T), light intensity (LI). Solar radiation (SR). Nectar sugar concentration (NSC) and inversely with relative humidity (RH). Path analysis revealed that all the honeybee species differed in their responses to environmental factors prevailing under similar set of conditions depending upon physiological adaptation of each honeybee species. Of all the factors studied; temperature, light intensity and solar radiation were the three important factors whose influence on foraging population was more pronounced.
Comparison of light yellow fleshed pepper varieties grown on rockwool under unheated forcing conditions
Authors: Tompos D. , Gyúrós J. Jr.
Published: December 2018

Experiments are going on all over the world assisting the joint effort of researchers and practicing specialists to identify the methods which can help either in the reduction of production costs or in the increase of yields.

The task of the growers is to make profitable use of the forcing facilities and to satisfy market demands at an acceptable price by means of improving production technology and applying new scientific, technological and technical information.

For the last few years, rockwool based forcing has been gaining in importance. The subject of our scientific work was the analysis of an important question of this technological variant, the selection of the variety. Besides, we also tried to identify the most suitable pruning technology for the varieties studied.

In Hungary, the highest demand is commonly known to be for the light yellow fleshed varieties which are suitable for stuffed dishes. In the future, due to their special quality and appearance, as well as to the Hungaricum character, they could become important export goods on the European Union market. It was within this variety type that comparison between varieties already common in production (HO F1, HRF F1, Danubia F1) was carried out, trying to get an answer to the question which of the three varieties could be produced with the greatest success. Considering the quantitative and qualitative indicators, it was H6 F1 that proved the best out of the three varieties tested under unheated forcing on rockwool. It excelled the other two varieties both in quality and in average fruit weight, preserving this advantage until the end of the growing period.
Floral biological investigations of apple cultivars in relation to fire blight
Authors: Orosz-Kovács Zs. , Farkas A. , Bubán T. , Bukovics P. , Nagy Tóth E. , Déri H.
Published: December 2018

Floral activity was studied in two apple cultivars: an Erwinia-tolerant (Treedorn') and a sensitive one (`Sampion'). Since more types of protogyny occur in apples, the period of stigma activity is different. Papillae of the exposed stigma in flowers of 'Freedom' function longer (usually more than a week) than in the delayed homogamous `Sampion'. Despite of this, cv. 'Freedom' is tolerant to Erwinia amylovora (Burr.) Winslow et al., suggesting no relationship between the floral biological type (including the exposure and longevity of stigma) and the infection by E. amylovora. According to SEM micrographs, nectary stomata in `Freedom' are already open in the flower bud, where nectar secretion starts and continues until the senescence of the stigma. However, the long period of nectar secretion does not create optimal conditions for bacterial growth, since nectar production is scant in the flowers of 'Freedom'. The surface of the nectary, its nectar-retaining capacity, and the amount and concentration of nectar may influence the susceptibility of apple cultivars. It is manifested well by the smooth nectary surface with nectary stomata rising slightly above the epidermis in flowers of cv. 'Freedom', contrasting the wrinkled, striate nectary surface with slightly sunken stomata in the flowers of 'Sampion'.
Prediction infection risk on the basis of weather-related factors and Erwinia amylovora colonization in apple and pear flowers
Authors: Bubán T. , Rutkai E. , Dorgai L. , Thomson S. V.
Published: December 2018

Current infection risk prediction models utilize environmental parameters and field records, but do not take into account the estimated inoculum potential within the orchard. The object of this study was to survey the accuracy of three simple prediction methods under Hungarian climatic conditions, which could easily be used by the farmers. We also tested whether the accuracy of infection risk predictions can be improved by taking into consideration the incidence and/or rate of flower colonization by Erwinia amylovora.

After preliminary investigations in 1999-2001, data concerning the weather-related infection risk were recorded in 5 apple and 1 pear orchards in 2002, and in 12 apple and I pear orchards in 2003. The weather data were processed by the easy-to-use risk assessment models of the mean temperature prediction line (MTL), Smith's Cougarblight 98C and Billing's integrated system (BIS), and by the MaryblytTM 4.3 computer-assisted model for reference. The population size of E. amylovora in the flower samples was estimated within an order of magnitude by PCR.

For all years and orchards tested, Maryblyt indicated 35 days on which there was an acute infection risk. The same days were indicated by all 3 methods in 23 cases (66%), 8 days were indicated by 2 methods (23%) and 4 days were indicated by 1 method only. A similarly good correlation was found for prediction of the date of the first massive infection risk: in 2003, for instance, there was a perfectly consistent prediction by all 4 models in 9 of the 13 participating orchards. A coincidental forecast was provided by 3 of the 4 models in the other 4 orchards.

The results indicate that any of the risk assessment models could provide an increased accuracy of the actual infection risk prediction if combined with an estimation of the incidence of Erwinia amylovora colonization in the open flowers. We found no convincing differences in the size of the epiphytic population in flowers of cultivars possessing high or low susceptibility to Erwinia amylovora.

We conclude that the easy-to-use methods tested could be used by the fanners to recognize weather-related risks, especially when coupled with an estimation of the proportion of the pathogen-infested flowers. This local prediction would provide rapid information (faster than the regional forecast systems) specifically for a given orchard.
Malus taxa and the progenies of Malus floribunda selected in Hungary, as gene sources of resistance breeding
Authors: M. G. Tóth , Sz. Kovács
Published: December 2018

One of our objectives in the apple breeding program of the Department of Fruit Science, beside creating new varieties, is to search for new gene sources. After evaluating the disease resistance of Malus taxa available in Hungary, we put the promising selected individuals through further examinations. Their habit and growth vigor was observed, as well as productivity and fruit characteristics were evaluated. Malus fusca seems to be a new, promising gene source in Hungary among the examined taxa. Beside its optimal canopy, growth vigor and fruit characteristics, it has the advantage to be in distant relationship to Malus x domestica, therefore its resistance is based on a different genetic basis. SBG 1 selection of Malus spectabilis can be recommended as a new gene source for resistance breeding. The range of gene sources can further be widened by selected clones of Malus floriblunda (BA I), Malus x zumi (BA) and Malus baccata (SBG 6). An additional value of Malus taxa chosen by us is that they show resistance not only to apple scab, but to powdery mildew as well, and according to our results, they have optimal habit, acceptable productivity and good fruit quality. Nine hybrids were selected from first Malus progenies which proved to be resistant to apple scab and powdery mildew. These are valuable not only as gene sources of breeding, but as pollenizers or ornamental trees, while their decorative fruits can be used in inside decorations and flower arrangements.
Effect of Erwinia amylovora infection on peroxidase enzyme activity in resistant apple cultivars
Authors: K. Kása , M. Hevesi , M. G. Tóth , É. Stefanovits-Bányai
Published: December 2018

Two apple cultivars that display enhanced resistance to fire blight (causal agent: Erwinia amylovora) were selected. The aim of the present study was to characterize the peroxidase (POD) enzyme activity of `Szemes alma' (a historical cultivar) and MR-03, (a Hungarian multiresistant hybrid of 'Prima') and compare them to susceptible 'Jonathan M 40' and resistant 'Remo' controls. Peroxides enzyme activity during E. amylovora infections was investigated in artificially infected apple shoots. Increases in enzyme activities were observed in a `Jonathan M40' and in 'Remo', MR-03, `Szemes alma' cultivars. There was a consistent relationship between total enzyme activity and fire blight disease severity. High activity of the peroxidase was positively correlated with the degree of resistance to fire blight. A general hypothesis that POD activity is related to fire blight susceptibility/resistance is supported by our results.
First selections of the Hungarian apple breeding program for multiple resistance
Authors: M. G. Tóth , Sz. Kovács , K. Kása , Zs. Rozsnyay , M. Hevesi
Published: December 2018

The aim of the first Hungarian apple breeding program for multiple resistance started in the beginning of the nineties is to widen Hungarian apple assortment by good quality, resistant apple cultivars with excellent productivity and ecological capability to the most important fruit growing areas in Hungary. In the first years of seedling production we made early selection for susceptibility to apple scab in greenhouse. Alter this, field observation of susceptibility to powdery mildew, scab and canker and a yearly negative selection was carried on. From 1997, fruit quality was evaluated as well, and from 2001 the resistance of shoots to Erwinia ainylovora (Burrill/Winslow et al.) was examined using inoculations in greenhouse conditions. From the progenies of crosses in 1992 and 1993, six candidates were announced to national recognition out of hybrids examined for more than a decade. Descriptions of these selections from 'Prima' progenies and the most important data of their resistance, growing habit, morphological characteristics and fruit quality are shown in this article.
Rootstocks for Cherries from the Department of Fruit Science Budapest
Authors: K. Hrotkó , L. Magyar
Published: December 2018

Cherry rootstock breeding started at the Department of Fruit Science, SSU Budapest by the late 50-s and the activity can be divided into three main groups. In the first stage the activity was focused on collection of native mahaleb cherry (Prunus mahaleb L.) varieties lead by L. Sebők. After evaluation in the nursery and orchard tests there are four promising rootstock cultivars selected from this material: 'Korponay' used as self fertile seed tree, its seedlings are recommended for sour cherries. The mahaleb varieties 'Bogdány' (vigorous), 'Egervár' and 'Magyar' (medium vigour) are propagated by cuttings. The next project has started in 1979 with the aim to select self fertile mahaleb seed trees producing homogeneous seedling populations with reduced vigour. Inbred populations from isolated flowering self fertile trees were produced and planted out in 1980. The inbreeding of 'Korponay' self fertile P. mahaleb variety resulted in specimens with different fruit colour (yellow, red, black), fruit shape and size. From among them self fertile trees were selected with various growth characteristics. Seedlings of that self fertile mother trees (S2 population) were tested in seedbed, they showed homogeneous phenotype characteristics as liners in the nursery. As rootstock of 'Érdi bőtermő' sour cherry in the orchard most of the S2 lines proved to be less vigorous in comparison to SI popuplations. 'Érdi bőtermő' trees budded on certain S2 lines in the orchard are more productive than those on S1 ('Korponay' seedling). Characteristics of the S2 generation as seed tree were studied as well. We expect to get morphologically homogeneous seedling populations with different growth vigour and good productivity in the later inbred generations. In the last couple of decades the research activity concerning ground-cherry and its hybrids resulted in dwarfing rootstocks. Prunus fruticosa Pall. hybrids from the natural flora of Hungary were collected and artificial hybrids were created between P. fruticosa and mahaleb cherry. Most of them are in the initial tests, only one of them is before registration, named 'Prob', which is a dwarf rootstock for sweet cherry. By the screening of new hybrids medium vigorous or semi dwarfing and precocious rootstocks seem to be promising for the cherry industry.
Fruit production and research in Hungary - An overview
Authors: Papp J. , Nyéki J. , Soltész M.
Published: December 2018

Hungary is traditionally a food producer country. 63% of its total land area can be cultivated. Horticulture is one of the fundamental agricultural branches. The country has a moderate continental climate, with a mean temperature of 10 °C. The average hours of sunshine ranges 1,700 to 2,100 hours. Under the geographical condition in the Carpathian Basin the chemical composition of the fruits has a good harmony. The total fruit acreage is 97,000 ha with a crop of 800,000 to 900,000 tons yearly. In 1982 1,934,000 tons of fruit crop were produced since then it has decreased. The most important fruits are apple, European plum, sour cherry and raspberry. The percentage of apple reaches almost up to 60%. In the new plantings sour cherry, apple and black elderberry is popular. The most important fruit-producing region is situated at the North-eastern part of the country. More than 40% of Hungary's fruit production is concentrated there. In ranking the 2nd place is taken by fruit growing area in the middle of Hungary, where the production of stone fruits and small fruits has a considerable proportion.

In the 70s and 80s of last century there was a developed research structure and wide range of research activity in Hungary. From that time the research capacity has considerably decreased first of all in the field of technological development. The main research area is fruit breeding and variety evaluation.

Fruit scientists and fruit grower specialists are held together by the Hungarian. Society for Horticultural Sciences which has a membership in ISHS. Fruit researches and scientists having academic degree are belonged to the Horticultural Board of Hungarian Academy of Sciences.