bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Flora da Bahia: Begoniaceae
Authors: Gregório Bernarda De Souza , Costa Jorge Antonio Silva , Rapini Alessandro
Published: October 2016

The taxonomic treatment of the Begoniaceae from Bahia state is presented. We recognize 38 species, 15 are endemic and four were firstly described based on this study. Most of the species occur in the Atlantic Forest (32 species), followed by the Caatinga (11 species) and Cerrado (one species). Nine names are treated as synonym for the first time here. Descriptions, identification key, phenological data, illustrations, maps of geographical distribution in Bahia and comments are presented.
Problemáticas históricas e arquivísticas actuais para o estudo dos arquivos de família portugueses (Épocas Medieval e Moderna)
Authors: Rosa Maria de Lurdes
Published: October 2016

Os arquivos de família são conjuntos documentais de notável interesse, tanto para a História como para a arquivística. Tenta-se aqui de apresentar vias de estudo destes acervos no âmbito das duas disciplinas, tanto em termos de dados objectivos, como dos aspectos ligados à estrutura da informação. O texto situa-se na confluência dos saberes historiográfico e arquivístico, sendo este último perspectivado a partir da renovação de paradigma epistemológico da ciência da informação. Na primeira parte, apresentam-se campos de inovação teórica que possibilitam um mais frutuoso diálogo entre os dois saberes. De seguida, aborda-se a temática da revalorização dos arquivos de família, em Portugal, França, Espanha e Itália. Por fim, propõe-se uma primeira aproximação, em função das ideias expostas, a um importante acervo familiar depositado no ANTT, cuja descrição foi recentemente disponibilizada em linha - o Arquivo dos Viscondes de Vila Nova de Cerveira.
Doces obrigações. O exercício abacial no Mosteiro de Jesus de Setúbal - Séculos XVI a XVIII
Authors: Gomes Saul António
Published: October 2016

Neste estudo, o Autor propõe-se analisar a história de uma comunidade feminina de clausura franciscana observante, a do Mosteiro de Jesus de Setúbal, tanto numa perspectiva de longa duração, elucidando as linhas de coerência memorial e religiosa da instituição, como, numa leitura mais conjuntural, aprofundar a análise de fontes setecentistas privilegiadas para a reconstituição de aspectos sociológicos relativos ao quotidiano festivo que se viveu na comunidade, entre os anos de 1710 e 1770. Ao rigor do quadro normativo institucional da Ordem, consagrado nas Regras e nas Constituições, sobretudo as de 1639, com circulação impressa em Portugal, a partir de 1693, justapõe-se a realidade micro-histórica destas clarissas com as suas fugas à norma mas, aparentemente, sem cedências substanciais à coerência essencial e característica da herança espiritual e social da(s) fundadora(s): Santa Clara e D. Justa Rodrigues.
O arcebispo de Braga, D. Frei Bartolomeu dos Mártires (1559-82). Um caso de inquisição pastoral?
Authors: Marcocci Giuseppe
Published: October 2016

As relações entre os bispos e os inquisidores têm sido um assunto central na recente historiografia sobre a justiça eclesiástica no mundo católico da Idade Moderna. A correcta imagem de uma geral colaboração entre os dois poderes em Portugal não deve obliterar o conhecimento histórico dos percursos concretos que produziram esse equilíbrio. Na altura em que D. frei Bartolomeu dos Mártires era arcebispo de Braga (1559-82), a Inquisição portuguesa actuou de forma extremamente limitada no território da arquidiocese, sobretudo em comparação com outras dioceses do Norte. O presente estudo de caso pretende oferecer uma hipótese explicativa para esta situação, à luz da cultura teológica do arcebispo bracarense, da sua posição na hierarquia política e religiosa do Reino e dos poucos vestígios do uso de um modelo de vigilância sobre a heresia capilar e eficaz, mas alternativo ao do Santo Ofício: a "inquisição pastoral".
O Santo Ofício no tempo dos Filipes: transformações institucionais e relações de poder
Authors: López-Salazar Codes Ana Isabel
Published: October 2016

Durante o período filipino, o Santo Ofício sofreu diversas transformações institucionais e sociológicas que sobreviveram à ruptura de Dezembro de 1640. Neste artigo estudaremos a evolução do cargo de inquisidor-mor e do Conselho Geral, assim como os mecanismos de comunicação estabelecidos entre estes organismos centrais do governo do Santo Ofício, os quais permaneceram em Lisboa, e a Coroa, naquela altura quase sempre sediada em Madrid. Do mesmo modo, analisaremos os traços gerais das relações de poder entre o Santo Ofício e as restantes instituições eclesiásticas (bispos, cabidos e colector) e seculares (tribunais superiores e conselhos) do Portugal filipino. Por último, centrar-nos-emos na actuação política dos ministros do Tribunal da Fé durante as crises de 1580 e de 1640.
D. Fr. Luís de Santa Teresa (O.C.D.): um jacobeu "confessa-se". A desconhecida Vida de huma illustre virgem, do bispo de Olinda - Pernambuco (1738-1754)
Authors: Queirós Maria Helena Cunha de Freitas
Published: October 2016

O presente artigo visa noticiar a descoberta de um manuscrito - a Vida de huma illustre virgem - da autoria de D. Fr. Luís de Santa Teresa (O.C.D.), bispo de Olinda (Pernambuco), entre 1738 e 1754, um mitrado assaz esquecido pela historiografia da Época Moderna. Facto bastante, por si só, este documento vem ainda colmatar uma lacuna num período da vida do carmelita - grosso modo os anos que medeiam 1730 e 1735 -, cujo rasto não era, até ao momento, possível seguir. Afloram-se alguns dos pontos mais soantes desse período passado em Braga, filtrados pelo próprio autor. Apontam-se aspectos da vivência monacal no convento de monjas beneditinas de S. Salvador, pesando a matriz jacobeica do biógrafo, num contexto de sede vacante e de resistência aos caminhos afectivos da união com Deus, por assimilação molinosista.
Quod non est in actis, non est in mundo: mecanismos de disciplina interna e externa no Auditório Eclesiástico de Coimbra
Authors: Gouveia Jaime Ricardo
Published: October 2016

Pretende-se com este estudo analisar um dos dispositivos de vigilância e disciplinamento social existentes no mundo moderno, praticamente inexplorado até à data: os tribunais eclesiásticos, vulgarmente designados por Auditórios. Focado concretamente no de Coimbra, este artigo procura, em primeiro lugar, avaliar a produção historiográfica neste domínio. De seguida, apurar algumas dinâmicas internas deste tribunal, com o fito de explicitar o seu modo de funcionamento. Finalmente, abordar detalhadamente um dos mecanismos destinados a expurgar o Juízo Eclesiástico de actos de corrupção e ilegalidade, as devassas, nomeadamente aquela que foi ordenada, em 1741, por D. Miguel da Anunciação.
Ciência, identidade e quotidiano. Alguns aspectos da presença de estudantes brasileiros na Universidade de Coimbra, na conjuntura final do período colonial
Authors: Cruz Ana Lúcia Rocha Barbalho da
Published: October 2016

No final do século XVIII e início do século XIX, a administração portuguesa conduziu uma política de cooptação dos filhos da elite luso-brasileira, incentivando a sua formação académica na Universidade de Coimbra. Muitos deles viriam a ter posições de destaque no período do Reino Unido e, depois, nos primeiros anos do Brasil independente. O presente artigo pretende acompanhar alguns aspectos identitários e da vida quotidiana revelados na passagem desses intelectuais por Coimbra.
Portugal e as Conferências Sanitárias Internacionais (Em torno das epidemias oitocentistas de cholera-morbus)
Authors: Garnel Maria Rita Lino
Published: October 2016

Entre as epidemias que, no século XIX, afectaram as populações europeias a cólera foi das que maior susto provocou, perante a impotência do saber médico e dos Estados. As medidas públicas tomadas no combate antiepidémico divergiam de país para país. O impacto económico destas divergências tornou-se uma preocupação e, a partir de 1851, as potências europeias reuníram-se regularmente em Conferências Sanitárias Internacionais que visavam a discussão científica da nosologia e a uniformização das medidas que, sem pôr em risco as populações, minimizassem as demoras que sujeitavam o comércio internacional. Os debates dão conta de um conhecimento científico em mutação, e ilustram posições nacionais divergentes e mutáveis. O objectivo deste artigo não é seguir detalhadamente as epidemias de cólera, nem fazer o levantamento exaustivo do estado do conhecimento médico e dos diferentes tratamentos prescritos ao longo de Oitocentos em Portugal. As questões que se levantam são as seguintes: 1) qual a posição adoptada por Portugal nas Conferências Sanitárias Internacionais, perante as epidemias de cólera?; 2) como se justificaram, interna e diplomaticamente, as políticas adoptadas?; 3) que modelo e exemplos se seguiram no combate à epidemia?
LEGISLAÇÃO E CONTROLE DE QUALIDADE DE MEDICAMENTOS FITOTERÁPICOS NOS PAÍSES DO MERCOSUL
Authors: Cechinel-Zanchett Camile Cecconi
Published: October 2016

O objetivo desse trabalho foi levantar dados sobre medicamentos fitoterápicos nos países do Mercosul, tais como principais plantas comercializadas e sistemas biológicos com maior prevalência, controle sanitário, dados de mercado e principais aspectos relacionados às legislações. A pesquisa foi realizada por meio de análise documental, sendo uma revisão de literatura em todos os tipos de produção em português, inglês e espanhol (livros, dissertações, teses, documentos, legislações, artigos). O Brasil, maior país do Mercosul. apresentou a maior quantidade de regulamentações sobre o controle sanitário e de qualidade de medicamentos fitoterápicose Os medicamentos fitoterápicos mais comercializados no país têm ação no sistema nervoso central (n=6) e sistema respiratório (n=6), com 32%, e no sistema gastrointestinal, com 26% (n=5), e a maioria, 63% (n=12), é formulada com extrato seco. Na Argentina e no Paraguai, a maior parte tem ação no sistema gastrointestinal, com 38% (n=16) e 50% (n=7), respectivamente. É destacada a escassez de estudos e legislações principalmente no Paraguai, Uruguai e Venezuela. E foi possível concluir que o controle da qualidade é regido por órgãos regulamentadores, porém, no Uruguai, medicamentos fitoterápicos são enquadrados como medicamentos em geral, e na Venezuela, como produtos naturais. A falta de resoluções específicas, com exceção do Brasil e Argentina, para nortear as etapas de produção e controle de medicamentos fitoterápicos, dificulta o processo de descobertas de novos agentes bioativos que venham a se tornar medicamentos fitoterápicos.
AVALIAÇÃO DA QUALIDADE DE COMPRIMIDOS REVESTIDOS DE DICLOFENACO SÓDICO DISPENSADOS PELA REDE PÚBLICA MUNICIPAL DE SÃO PAULO,SP,BRASIL
Authors: Eserian Jaqueline Kalleian , Lombardo Márcia
Published: October 2016

O diclofenaco é o anti-inflamatório não esteroide (AINE) mais prescrito mundialmente. Comprimidos de diclofenaco sódico com revestimento gastro-resistente foram desenvolvidos com o objetivo de reduzir o risco de efeitos adversos gastrointestinais comumente associados com o uso de AINEs. O Programa Municipal de Verificação da Qualidade de Medicamentos da Secretaria Municipal da Saúde de São Paulo avalia a qualidade de comprimidos revestidos de diclofenaco sódico distribuídos pela Prefeitura. O objetivo deste trabalho foi verificar a qualidade de comprimidos de diclofenaco sódico distribuídos em unidades de saúde municipais no ano de 2013 através de ensaios físico-químicos farmacopeicos. Foram realizados os ensaios de aspecto, variação de peso, identificação e teor de diclofenaco sódico, uniformidade de doses unitárias e dissolução. O ensaio de dissolução ocorreu em duas etapas (ácida e básica), possibilitando avaliar a qualidade do revestimento no que diz respeito ao local de liberação do princípio ativo. As amostras de diclofenaco sódico analisadas apresentaram resultados satisfatórios. O monitoramento de medicamentos distribuídos pela rede pública de saúde é uma importante ação de vigilância sanitária. A avaliação da qualidade de comprimidos revestidos de diclofenaco sódico se faz relevante para garantir a eficácia e segurança do tratamento farmacológico, sobretudo por se tratar de uma forma farmacêutica de liberação modificada.
Early Forms of Metaethical Constructivism in John Dewey's Pragmatism
Authors: Dostie Proulx Pierre-Luc
Published: October 2016

This paper demonstrates the innovative character of the approach to metaethics underlying John Dewey’s pragmatism. Dewey's theory of evaluation is contrasted with one of the most dominant contemporary metaethical theses: constructivism. I show that the insistence placed by metaethical constructivists on the actor’s practical point of view, on the rejection of the subjective preferences model, and on a specific form of ethical antirealism and naturalism echoes some of the most crucial claims made by Dewey. This argumentation leads to my main hypothesis: an analysis of Dewey's conception of evaluation allows us to highlight the groundbreaking character of its metaethical approach—an approach that will be characterized as fairly constructivist.
Tax Behaviour: Assessment of Tax Compliance in European Union Countries
Authors: Pukeliene Violeta , Kažemekaityte Austeja
Published: October 2016

The aim of this paper is to assess the impact of the selected tax behaviour determinants for the overall tax (non) compliance in European Union countries for a period from 2003 to 2014. Firstly, the literature on tax behaviour is analysed through the viewpoint of behavioural economics and the systemisation of the main determinants is provided. Secondly, selected tax behaviour determinants for the analysis are presented, hypotheses raised and models formed. Research suggests that tax morale, socio-cultural determinants and the relationship between tax authority and taxpayers have an overall significant impact on tax behaviour in European Union countries. Nevertheless, the effect from different determinants varies greatly across regions and countries.
Structural features of bone marrow
Authors: Romaniuk Anatolii , Lyndina Yuliia , Sikora Vladyslav , Lyndin Mykola , Karpenko Ludmyla , Gladchenko Oksana , Masalitin Igor
Published: October 2016

Purpose

This article is devoted to the investigation of the structural features of the bone marrow of mature rats.

Materials and methods

The investigation of the structural features of the bone marrow was performed on the femurs of the mature male rats. General structure of the organ was studied with hematoxylin–eosin and Van Gieson staining of samples. Certain features of the bone marrow structure were studied using immunohistochemical method (CD3, CD79α, S100, myeloperoxidase, and cyclin D1).

Results

We can state that stromal–parenchymal structure is typical for the bone marrow of rats as for any other organ. The stromal component is presented with bone tissue (48.8 ± 3.3% at epiphyses), the net of blood vessels (18.7 ± 2.1%), fat tissue (11 ± 2%), fibrous tissue (0.7 ± 0.2%), and the network of reticular fibers. Hematopoietic tissue covers 20.9 ± 3.7% at the femoral epiphyses and 69.6 ± 2.2% at diaphysis. Among these tissues, myelopoiesis occupies 74.2 ± 4.7%, erythropoiesis – 24.3 ± 4.7%, and lymphopoiesis – less than 5%. Megalokaryocytes take 0.1–0.3%.

Conclusion

Considering the lack of significant anatomical, morphological, and histological differences of red bone marrow of rats and humans, we can state that hematopoiesis in rats takes place on the basis of the same principles as in humans, although it has certain mechanisms.
A new approach to detect epidemic of DHF by combining ARIMA model and adjusted Tukey’s control chart with interpretation rules
Authors: Mekparyup Jatupat , Saithanu Kidakan
Published: October 2016

The aim of this study was to propose a new method to detect the epidemic of dengue hemorrhagic fever (DHF) using seasonal autoregressive integrated moving average model [ARIMA(1,0,2)(0,1,2)12] with no constant and adjusted Tukey’s control chart and the results obtained were interpreted using seventh interpretation rule. Data on the number of DHF cases in Chonburi reported during 2007–2013 were used. The results indicated that this new approach efficiently detected the epidemic of DHF in October 2015 with the forecasted number of DHF (257 cases) and root-mean-squared error (RMSE = 46.71).
Plant communities on the islands of two Altiplanic salt lakes in the Andean region of Bolivia
Authors: Coca-Salazar Alejandro , Villca Huber , Torrico Mauricio , Alfaro Fernando D.
Published: October 2016

This paper reports a quantitative survey of the composition, diversity and structure of the plant communities on six islands of Uyuni and Coipasa salt lakes (Bolivia). Plant communities on each island were examined via the use of 10 transects, along which species richness and abundance were recorded. Seventy-one species were found in total, representing pteridophytes (6%), gymnosperms (1%), monocotyledons (14%) and dicotyledons (79%). About 21% of the species were endemic or faced some degree of threat. The calculation of Shannon-Wiener α-diversity indices and comparisons of community structure revealed similarities between the islands. Indeed these analyses suggest the existence of a single floral assemblage; however, small differences in the plant communities were visually identified during fieldwork. These islands are home to a considerable subset of the Altiplano’s flora and appear to have been little disturbed. They should therefore be the subject of surveillance/conservation programs.
SEBARAN DAN HUBUNGAN PARAMETER REPRODUKSI IKAN TUNA MADIDIHANG (Thunnus albacares) DENGAN SUHU DAN KLOROFIL-a DI LAUT BANDA
Authors: Wagiyo Karsono , Suman Ali , Patria Mufti Petala
Published: October 2016

Laut Banda diketahui mempunyai kondisi lingkungan yangmendukung sebagai daerah pemijahan ikan tuna madidihang (Thunnus albacares). Sebaran parameter reproduksi dan hubungannya dengan lingkungan perlu diketahui sebagai dasar pengelolaan sumberdaya yang lestari. Penelitian dilakukan tahun 2011-2012 dengan basis pendataan di Bandaneira. Pengamatan parameter reproduksi dilakukan terhadap ikan sampel melalui observasi dan enumerasi. Suhu dan klorofil-a diperoleh = dari analisis citra satelit. Penelitian mendapatkan persentase gonad matang (100 %) dan indeks kematangan gonad tertinggi (3,75) serta nisbah kelamin seimbang, secara temporal ditemukan pada bulan antara September-Desember, secara spasial ditemukan di Perairan Gunung Api dan Selatan Kepulauan Lease. Tingkat kematangan gonad dan indeks kematangan gonad meningkat terjadi pada saat suhu mulai menghangat dan klorofil-a mulai menurun. Tingkat kematangan gonad dan indeks kematangan gonad menurun terjadi pada saat awal penurunan suhu dan awal kenaikan klorofil-a.Besides known as the Banda Sea region yellowfin tuna migration (Thunnus albacares) is also a spawning area. Distribution of Reproduction parameter and their relationship with environmental parameter should be known as the basis for sustainable resource management. The reproduction parameter obtaianed by observation and enumeration. Temperature and chlorophyll-a obtained by satellite image analysis. Research gets a high percentage of the gonads mature (100%) and gonad maturity index (3,75) and a balanced sex ratio, temporally be found in the September-December, spatially found in the waters of Pulau Gunung Api and Lease Islands. The maturity level of gonads and gonadal maturation index increases occurred when the temperatures begin to warm and chlorophyll-a start to decline. The maturity level of gonads and gonadal maturation index decreases occurred at the beginning of the early drop in temperature and increase in chlorophyll-a.
DEVELOPING RECOMMENDATIONS FOR UNDERTAKING CPUE STANDARDISATION USING OBSERVER PROGRAM DATA
Authors: Sadiyah Lilis , Dowling Natalie , Prisantoso Budi Iskandar
Published: October 2016

Abundance indices based on nominal CPUE do not take into account confounding factors such as fishing strategy and environmental conditions, that can decouple any underlying abundance signal in the catch rate. As such, the assumption that CPUE is proportional to abundance is frequently violated. CPUE standardisation is one of the common analyses applied. The aims of this paper were to provide a statistical modelling framework for conducting CPUE standardisations using the Observer Program data for bigeye tuna, yellowfin tuna, albacore and southern bluefin tuna, and provide a comparison in the trends between the nominal CPUEs and their standardised indices obtained. The CPUE standardisations were conducted on the Observer Program collected between 2005 and 2007, by applying GLM analysis using the Tweedie distribution. The results suggested that year, area, HBF and bait factors significantly influenced the nominal CPUEs for the four tuna species of interest. Some extreme peaks and troughs in the nominal time series were smoothed in the standardised CPUE time
series. The high degree of temporal variability that is still shown in the standardised CPUE trends suggests that the data are too sparse to give any meaningful indication of proxy abundance. Nevertheless, this may also suggest that variables used in the GLMs do not sufficiently account for all
of the confounding factors, or abundance may indeed be truly variable.
SHARK LONGLINE FISHERY IN TANJUNGLUAR-EAST LOMBOK
Authors: Dharmadi Dharmadi , Faizah Ria , Sadiyah Lilis
Published: October 2016

Studies on artisanal shark fisheries in Tanjungluar - East Lombok were conducted during the year 2001-2011 (except in 2003 and 2007). A sampling method called “rapid market survey” method was employed to collect catch data from surface and bottom longlines fishing, rapidly. Biological data and fisheries data were collected during survey. Catch data for shark were also obtained from daily records filled by TPI officers in Tanjungluar between 2009 and 2010. The results showed that shark
longline fishing was conducted every month. The trend of shark catches relates to the number of fishing vessels, fishing ground, and weather conditions at sea. The period between July and September is a transitional season from East to West seasons. During this season, the wind strength is weakened and a good fishing season for the fishers. The lowest catch occurs in January (1.06 tonnes) and the highest catch in September with the total catch of 24.6 tonnes. Sharks caught by surface longline were dominated by Silky shark, Carcharhinus falciformis (40-90%) with the size range of 100-125 cm. The catch of bottom longline was mostly consisting of fish in mature condition that dominated by Grey reef shark (Carcharhinus amblyrhynchos), Common black tip shark (C. limbatus), Spot tail shark (C. sorrah), and Scalloped hammerhead shark (Sphyrna lewini), with the size range of 125-200 cm, 170- 250 cm, 100-150 cm, and 170-300 cm, respectively. Surface longline fishing occurs in the offshore waters in depth more than 200 m to 3000 m, whereas bottom longline fishing is operated at a depth of 50-100 m around islands.
COMPARISON OF AGE ESTIMATES FROM VARIOUS HARD PARTS FOR REDFIN PERCH, Percafluviatilis, IN TASMANIA
Authors: Jatmiko Irwan , Haddy James , Williams Mike
Published: October 2016

Whole otoliths, sectioned otoliths, scales and vertebrae were used to select the most suitable for age determination of redfin perch, Percafluviatilis. Redfin perch were sampled from Trevallyn Lake and Brushy Lagoon using fyke nets, gillnets, electrofishing and rod and line angling. Age estimates were assessed for comparison between readings and among structures. One-wayANOVA of readability scores highlighted that sectioned otolith was the most obvious compare to other hard parts. Sectioned otoliths also showed the highest (93.9%) agreement between readings, followed by vertebrae (68.7), scales (38.8) and whole otoliths (29.9). Furthermore, there were no significantly different (p>0.05) between first and second readings from sectioned otolith and vertebrae but significantly different (p <0.05) to those from scales and whole otoliths. When sectioned otoliths’ ages were compared with other structures, vertebrae showed the highest (47.6%) agreement to those followed by scales (25.2%) and whole otoliths (20.4%). Age estimates from sectioned otoliths were significantly different (p<0.05) to the values obtained from vertebrae, scales and whole otoliths.This finding demonstrated that sectioned otoliths are the best hard part for age determination for redfin perch in Tasmania.
IMPACT OF CLIMATE ANOMALY ON CATCH COMPOSITION OF NERITIC TUNA IN SUNDA STRAIT
Authors: Amri Khairul , Satria Fayakun
Published: October 2016

Tongkol komo/kawakawa (Euthynnus affinis) and tenggiri (Scomberomerus guttatus) are commonly caught by mini purseiners operated in Sunda Straits and landed in Labuan, West Java. This species inhabits coastal water and has preference staying in relatively warm water. Oceanography parameters commonly influencing the distribution of Euthynnus affinis are temperature, current, and salinity. The oceanography of Sunda Strait is influenced by water masses coming from the north that mainly originated from the Java Sea and water masses from the south mainly originated from Indian Ocean. The internal oceanography of Sunda Strait is also influenced by upwelling and monsoon as regional climate anomaly (ENSO and Indian Ocean Dipole Mode). This paper describes the influence of Dipole Mode (positive and negative event) and ENSO (El- Nino/La-Nina) to the catch dynamics of neritic tuna particularly in Sunda Straits waters. The results shown that regional climate anomaly influenced neritic tuna catch and its composition. The catches Euthynnus affinis in phase negative dipole mode or La-Nina were higher and dominated the catch composition of pelagic fishes of Sunda Strait. Similar situation also is showen by Scomberomorus commerson.
FISHING GROUND, CACTH COMPOSITION, HOOK RATE AND LENGTH DISTRIBUTION OF BILLFISHES CAUGHT BY TUNA LONG LINE IN INDIAN OCEAN
Authors: Rochman Fathur , Barata Abram , Nugraha Budi
Published: October 2016

Billfishes area by cacth of tuna long line vessels in Indian Ocean. Billfish are consist of swordfish Xiphias gladius, black marlin Makaira indica, indo facific blue marlin Makaira mazara, stripe marlin Tetrapturus audax, indo facific sailfish Istiophorus platypterus and shortbill spearfish Tetrapturus angustirostris. Besides that, billfishes also have important economic value compared with tuna as an exsported species such as swordfish and marlin. To optimize the catch of billfishes in Indian Ocean, data and information of potential fishing ground, size and catch composition of this species are needed. The billfishes cacth composition collected in 2011 were dominated by 45% swordfish, 20% black marlin, 19% blue marlin,9% short bill spearfish, 6% sailfish and 1%stripe marlin. The billfishes size range which were caught between 60 - 280 cm LJFL (Lower Jaw Fork Length). The sword fish average length was 150 cm, blue marlin 197 cm, black Marlin 189 cm, sailfish 150cm ,short bill spearfish 144 cm and stripe marlin159 cm. From this observation, it was found that most of billfishes caught were in mature.
BIOLOGY AND POPULATION DYNAMICS OF BANANA SHRIMP (Penaeus merguiensis) IN THE TARAKAN WATERS, EAST BORNEO
Authors: Kembaren Duranta D. , Suman Ali
Published: October 2016

Study of biology and population dynamic of banana shrimp (Penaeus merguiensis) in Tarakan waters, East Borneo was carried out from January to November 2012. The aim of this research was to identify the biological aspects and population dynamics of banana shrimp. For estimating dynamic population, data were analysed using FiSAT II. The result showed that length at first capture (Lc) of banana shrimp by mini trawl (pukat hela) was 35 mm and the size at first maturity (Lm) was 33,86 mm in carapace length. Spawning occured all year around and reached it’s peak in March. The growth coefficient (K) of banana shrimp was 1,45/year with carapace asymptotic length (CL”) of 80 mm. Total mortality rate (Z) and natural mortality rate (M) were 4,85/year and 1,76/year. While fishing mortality rate (F) and exploitation rate (E) were 3,09/year and 0,64, respectively. The exploitation rate of banana shrimp in Tarakan waters tended to be overexploited so that it needed to be managed wisely and carefully by reducing the fishing effort and fishing season especially on spawning season. The recruitment peak of banana shrimp occured in May.
COST-EFFECTIVE APPROACH TO ESTIMATE UNREPORTED DATA: REBUILDING HISTORY OF LIFT-NET FISHING IN KWANDANG WATERS
Authors: Prasetyo Andhika Prima , Nugroho Duto , Sadiyah Lilis , Purwoko Rudy Masuswo , Faizah Ria , Setyawan Agus
Published: October 2016

This paper aims to develop cost-effective approach regarding the estimation unreported annual catch data of lift-net fishery using Google Earth imagery. Lift net fishery is one of the main fishing activities of coastal community in Kwandang Bay, it has been faced problem of uncertain fisheries status due to limited recorded data. Combination of a Monte Carlo procedure was applied by involving couple of assumptions on parameters such as estimate growth rate of the total number of lift-net per years (10%), day at sea per unit per month (21 days) and operated lift-net per month (50% and 80%). The results showed that 101 units of lift-nets were found around Kwandang waters based on Google Earth imagery recorded in October, 7th 2010, and this were used as a benchmark of calculation. This prediction was 28 units higher than official data from North Gorontalo District of Marine Affairs and Fisheries Services (DKP Gorontalo Utara). Compared with capture fisheries statistics issued by Kwandang CFP, the estimated lift-net catches based on two-scenarios represent additional catches of 46 % and 86 %. These results suggested and could be used as a correction index to improve the reliability of Kwandang District officially reported fisheries statistics as a baseline to develop a local common fisheries policy.
Photochemical aqueous mercury removal: effects of DOM and DO
Authors: Gruss Amy B. , Rodriguez Regina , Valcarce Christine O. , Gonzaga Erica W. , Mazyck David W.
Published: October 2016

Photochemical reactions between mercury (Hg) and dissolved organic matter were studied to understand what conditions would promote mercury volatilisation from solution. Prepared solutions of mercury (II) nitrate and humic acid (HA) (at different ratios) were exposed to 254-nm ultraviolet irradiation and a continuous purge with nitrogen, air or oxygen gas to create three different dissolved oxygen (DO) concentrations. As HA was introduced into the system with a nitrogen purge, the overall quantity of dissolved gaseous mercury after 60 min, and subsequent mercury removal, decreased. An analysis of variance indicated that there is only a 61% confidence level that the 1:10 and the 1:100 mercury–HA ratios are statistically different, suggesting that the decrease in mercury removal as HA concentration increased cannot be solely attributed to mercury binding with sulfur or other functional groups on the HA. Experiments indicated a positive correlation of HA oxidation as DO increased with an air and oxygen purge.
Effect of TDSs on nitrate removal in ROC treatment process
Authors: Eom Hanki , Choi Jungsu , Kim Sungchul , Joo Hyunjong
Published: October 2016

Reverse osmosis concentrate (ROC) is associated with a high concentration of total dissolved solids (TDSs) which is known to affect a biological wastewater treatment. The aim of this study is to assess the effect of TDSs on the biological denitrification in ROC for biological treatment. This study focused on evaluating the changes in TDSs and substrate adsorption rates in association with polysaccharides (PSs) on the surface of microorganisms. Experiments performed with TDSs injection mode showed that NO3 −-N (nitrate) concentration in the effluent increased from 4·7 ± 1·5 to 9·5 ± 1·9 mg/L. The specific oxygen uptake rates (SOUR) and PSs were found to decrease from 66·05 ± 10·01 and 19·29 ± 5·98 to 42·56 ± 4·19 and 9·73 ± 0·80 mg O2/g MLVSS-h, respectively. Of the specific TDSs components, cations, more specifically calcium, were adsorbed to the surface of microorganisms, and subsequently the substrate adsorption rates were decreased by approximately three times. It is believed that the transfer of substrate typically necessary for denitrification was inhibited by the adsorption of the TDSs. Therefore, physicochemical treatment prior to biological treatment must be performed to control TDSs for the treatment of ROC. It is expected that the effective treatment of ROC will contribute to improving the efficiency of biological wastewater treatment.
Greener solvent systems for copper wire-mediated living radical polymerisation
Authors: Shibaeva Oxana , Champagne Pascale , Cunningham Michael F.
Published: October 2016

Copper wire-mediated living radical polymerisation (LRP) is a powerful tool that provides numerous opportunities for the development of new materials. It requires very low catalyst loading and mild reaction conditions; however, it typically involves the use of organic solvents. The authors have investigated the use of greener solvent systems to replace traditional volatile organic solvents without detrimentally affecting polymerisation. The effects of these alternative solvents on the control over polymerisation and polymer characteristics were investigated for the polymerisation of methyl acrylate initiated by ethyl 2-bromoisobutyrate. Copper wire-mediated LRP was conducted in dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO), polyethylene glycol (PEG) and polypropylene glycol (PPG) and binary mixtures of PEG–DMSO, PEG–ethanol, PPG–DMSO and PPG–ethanol with total solvent volume fractions of 33 and 50%. Secondary solvent fractions in the binary mixtures were examined at 10 and 25% of the total solvent volume. The two most effective greener solvent systems were 33% v/v of 75% PEG–25% ethanol and 33% v/v of 75% PPG–25% ethanol. Both were shown to provide excellent control over polymerisation and a high degree of livingness. The poly(methyl acrylate) produced in these solvent systems retained high bromine chain-end functionality (>90%) and low dispersity (∼1·1).
Effect of the electrolipophoresis in the lipodystrophy treatment and its influence on lipid profile
Authors: Oliveira Thais Moreira de , Blanco Priscila Hellen Martinez , Manchini Priscila , Delbone Nawhale
Published: October 2016

Introduction: The excess of body adiposity and the hormonal action can lead to the accumulation of adipose tissue in certain parts of the body. The electrolipophoresis is a technique used to treat localized fat, by applying low frequency electrical currents that act directly on the adipocytes and lipids accumulated subcutaneously or epicutaneously. This electrical stimulation causes physiological modifications in the adipocyte, among them the increase in blood flow and cellular metabolism leading to lipolysis. Objective: This study aimed to prove, through the measurement of triglycerides in the blood, which is the most effective method of electrolipophoresis practical application in the promoted lipolysis. Methods: The old female patients aged from 49 to 62 underwent evaluation that measured the body mass index (BMI); perimetry performed with the use of measuring tape of the waist and abdomen region and the realization of abdominal (vertical) skinfold measurement with the use of adipometer. After the evaluation, the volunteers were divided into two groups in which one of them received subcutaneous application of electrolipophoresis equipment (needles) and the other one received epicutaneous electrolipophoresis application (plates). They were positioned and oriented about the procedure and received the practical application of electrolipophoresis (DGM equipment) twice a week for ten sessions of 60 minutes each. The dosage of triglycerides was performed in the first and last session. Results: There was a reduction in all evaluations performed, and a subcutaneous application shows more effective in the treatment of localized fat. Conclusion: With these findings was observed a reduction in abdominal measurement and decreased of triglycerides in the blood thus showing that treatment using plates or electrodes is effective in localized lipodystrophy. Despite the significant reduction of localized adiposity, further studies with more participants and sessions are needed to make this treatment, widely used in clinical practice of Dermato-Functional Physiotherapy, most reliable.
Spectrum and pattern of pediatric dermatoses in under five population in a tertiary care centre
Authors: Awal Guneet , Singh Surinder Pal , Sharma Saurabh , Kaur Jasleen
Published: October 2016

Background: Pediatric dermatoses vary vastly from adult dermatoses in terms of clinical presentation, treatment and prognosis, thereby generating special interest in this field. The present study was carried to find out the spectrum, pattern and incidence of various skin disorders in infants and preschool children (upto 5 years), to correlate their prevalence with age, sex and rural/urban residential status.

Methods: 1000 children under five years age , were evaluated for the presence of skin disease to study the pattern and incidence of these disorders and establish their relationship with age, sex and residential status (rural/urban).Skin disorders were described in detail and classified into groups like bacterial, fungal, parasitic, viral, eczematous, allergic, papulosquamous, pigmentary, miscellaneous.

Results: Maximum number of children belonged to age group of less than 1 year (31.6%). Male patients (56.6%) out-numbered female patients (43.4%). 56.8% children belonged to urban area while 43.2% children were from rural area. Maximum incidence was of infections (41.1%). Of these infections, bacterial infections (14.5%) were the predominant followed by parasitic infections (10.9%). Eczematous skin disorders were the next common entity after infections seen in 35.1 % children followed by that of allergic disorders seen in 5.9% children.

Conclusions: There is preponderance of infectious dermatoses among the under five population followed by eczematous and hypersensitivity disorders. The role of poverty, overcrowding, poor personal hygiene and low level of health education, undernutrition and consequent poor immunity are emphasized by these preventable diseases.
Variaciones en el estilo estructural relacionado con anisotropias de basamento en el Valle Medio del Magdalena
Authors: Jimenez Giovanny , López Oscar , Jaimes Leonardo , Mier Umaña Ricardo
Published: October 2016

Con base en una revisión cartográfica en la zona central–este de la Cuenca VMM, la colección de datos estructurales y la elaboración de 3 cortes estructurales, se definieron 3 dominios estructurales en el área de estudio. El dominio este, dominio central y dominio oeste. El dominio este se caracteriza por la presencia de fallas inversas de alto ángulo y vergencia este, que involucran rocas Jurásicas. Los dominios central y oeste se caracterizan por la presencia de fallas inversas vergencia al oeste que involucran de manera general rocas del Cretácico inferior y rocas del Paleógeno-Neógeno. El corte regional muestra que las fallas del dominio este corresponden a estructuras con inversión tectónica evidenciadas por los cambios de espesor de la Formación Girón; estas estructuras se definen como un estilo estructural dominado por una deformación tipo thick-skinned. Las estructuras de los dominios central y oeste muestran fallas inversas con despegues y rampas en las unidades Cretácicas y Paleógenas dominadas por una deformación tipo thin-skinned. El modelo regional planteado muestra un estilo estructural divergente y difiere del modelo estructural reportado en estudios previos. En el presente trabajo se propone una zona transversal para explicar las variaciones en el estilo estructural del Valle Medio del Magdalena de sur a norte. © Acad. Colomb. Cienc. Ex. Fis. Nat. 2016.
Los macroinvertebrados como bioindicadores de la calidad del agua: cuatro décadas de desarrollo en Colombia y Latinoamerica
Authors: Roldán-Pérez Gabriel
Published: October 2016

La comunidad de macroinvertebrados acuáticos mejor estudiada en Colombia es la entomofauna. Los órdenes Ephemeroptera, Plecoptera y Trichoptera son los mejor conocidos en cuanto a su taxonomía, ecología y su utilización como bioindicadores de la calidad del agua. Es necesario profundizar en el estudio de algunos grupos como los anélidos, moluscos, ácaros y dípteros, de los cuales aun falta conocimiento de su taxonomía y autoecología. El índice BMWP (Biological Monitoring Working Party), desarrollado en Europa en el siglo XX a partir de la década de los años setenta, es muy popular en Colombia y Latinoamérica, pero es necesario hacer adaptaciones para las diferentes regiones en el continente.Este trabajo presenta una revisión de los estudios realizados durante las últimas cuatro décadas en Colombia, y de manera general en Latinoamérica. Se presenta el estado actual del conocimiento de los diferentes grupos de los macroinvertebrados acuáticos en términos de la resolución taxonómica, los aspectos ecológicos y su utilización como bioindicadores de la calidad del agua. © Acad. Colomb. Cienc. Ex. Fis. Nat. 2016.
Biomasa del fitoplancton eucariota y su disponibilidad para la red trófica del embalse Riogrande II (Antioquia, Colombia)
Authors: López- Muñoz Mónica Tatiana , Ramírez- Restrepo John Jairo , Palacio-Baena Jaime Alberto , Echenique Ricardo O. , De Mattos-Bicudo Carlos E. , Parra-García Edison Andres
Published: October 2016

Con el objetivo de establecer la biomasa de carbono contenida en el fitoplancton eucariota del embalse Riogrande II (Antioquia, Colombia), entre agosto de 2011 y agosto de 2012, la porción de esa biomasa disponible para el zooplancton filtrador y la calidad de alimento que podría representar para dicho grupo, el fitoplancton se clasificó en dos rangos de longitud correspondientes a nanoplancton (5 a 20 μm) y microplancton (>20 μm). Para ambos grupos se calculó el contenido de carbono celular y la biomasa total en contenido de carbono. Además, para el nanoplancton, el cual corresponde a la fracción filtrable, se estimaron las concentraciones de nitrato y de fosfato. Los altos niveles de biomasa de organismos fototróficos evidenciaron el papel fundamental del fitoplancton eucariótico en la fijación de carbono. Sin embargo, debido a la eutrofización del sistema y a que la talla del zooplancton dominante es pequeña, el flujo de carbono y de nutrientes parece estar dirigido principalmente hacia la vía detrítica y las sustancias disueltas, y no directamente al zooplancton filtrador, cuya principal fuente de alimento en el fitoplancton eucariótico la constituyen los organismos nanoplanctónicos mixotróficos (Cryptophyta y Euglenophyta), que en función de un mayor volumen poseen concentraciones más elevadas de nitrato y fosfato y, por lo tanto, pueden proveer alimento de mejor calidad que el resto del nanoplancton. © Acad. Colomb. Cienc. Ex. Fis. Nat. 2016.
Los diversos efectos de las helmintiasis sobre la inflamación alérgica
Authors: Caraballo Luis
Published: October 2016

Las helmintiasis y las alergias son muy frecuentes en países del trópico, donde establecen múltiples interacciones. Los mecanismos de defensa contra estos parásitos son bastante parecidos a la respuesta inmunológica de tipo alérgico, principalmente porque ambos procesos tienen una importante participación de los anticuerpos tipo inmunoglobulina E (IgE). Pero también hay diferencias importantes, siendo una de ellas el grado de inmunomodulación, el cual es débil en la respuesta alérgica y fuerte en la antihelmíntica. Este tema tiene repercusiones en medicina porque algunas helmintiasis como la ascariasis (producida por Ascaris lumbricoides), son capaces de modificar el curso de las enfermedades alérgicas, en ocasiones disminuyendo su intensidad, por lo cual se ha propuesto que una de las razones del incremento de las alergias en el mundo es la disminución progresiva de las infecciones por helmintos. En esta revisión analizaremos varios de los efectos de las helmintiasis sobre la respuesta inmunológica alérgica y especularemos sobre su influencia en las tendencias internacionales de incremento de los problemas inflamatorios de origen inmunológico. © Acad. Colomb. Cienc. Ex. Fis. Nat. 2016
Peace in Colombia: an opportunity for building a fairer country
Authors: Gaitán-Duarte Hernando
Published: October 2016

Signing of the peace agreement between the Colombian government with the Revolutionary Armed Forces of Colombia (FARC), on September 26, and endorsement by the people on October 2, 2016, are the starting point for the country’s transition from the old structures going back to the colonial period and the first stages of the fledgling nation to newer structures of the more socially developed countries in the 21st century, built on equality and equity, respect for the environment and for differences, and the fight against corruption.
The Unity of Space in Buildings and Music
Authors: Yue Hulan
Published: October 2016

The phrase “buildings are the essence of music while music is the flow of buildings” is well known but rarely understood by many. If indeed music is repeated in its simplest way, it could not escape its literary metaphor. This is a property that is difficult to define as music and architecture should be examined from all perspectives. This report examines the compatibility between music and buildings from the viewpoint of modern art which improves our understanding and appreciation of architectural features. Therefore, in principle, the relationship to unify buildings and music should be investigated.
The Anchor Foundation: A Tax Case Study In The Use Of Foundations By Adversarial Groups
Authors: Eagan J. Vincent
Published: October 2016

This case study reviews the Anchor Foundation, a private 501(c)(3) foundation associated with the Socialist Workers Party (SWP), a small radical organization.  Anchor Foundation made a major sale of real estate that was donated to the Foundation. The case raises issues under the tax rules covering private foundations of "disqualified persons," fiduciary duty of care, excessive compensation, disclosure of contributors, political expenditures, and disclosures in the Form 990s.
The Effect Of Non-Audit Services On Independent Auditor Judgment
Authors: Kizirian Tim , Sargsyan Ruben
Published: October 2016

This study examines the effects of non-audit services on auditors’ risk and materiality judgments.  The results revealed a significantly negative association between non-audit services and auditors’ risk judgments, but only for services involving financial information system design and implementation.  The auditors did not change their risk judgments for non-audit services with less audit relevance.  Non-audit services had an insignificant effect on auditors’ materiality judgments.  We conclude that non-audit services did not cause an inappropriate bias in auditor judgment.