bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis of Solid 2‐Pyridylzinc Reagents and Their Application in Negishi Reactions.
Authors: Colombe James R. , Bernhardt Sebastian , Stathakis Christos , Buchwald Stephen L. , Knochel Paul
Published: March 2014

Two new varieties of solid, moderately air‐stable 2‐pyridylzinc reagents are explored as alternatives to unstable or unreliable 2‐pyridylboron reagents.
ChemInform Abstract: Isoquinoline N‐Oxide Synthesis under Pd‐Catalyzed C—H Activation/Annulation Processes.
Authors: Li Bingyao , Jiao Pingxuan , Zhong Hongban , Huang Jianhui
Published: March 2014

The obtained isoquinoline N‐oxides can be readily reduced to the corresponding isoquinolines.
ChemInform Abstract: Enantioselective Palladium‐Catalyzed Ring‐Opening Reaction of Azabenzonorbornadienes with Methyl 2‐Iodobenzoate: An Efficient Access to cis‐Dihydrobenzo[c]phenanthridinones.
Authors: Huang Kang‐Lun , Guo Cui , Cheng Li‐Jie , Xie Long‐Guan , Zhou Qi‐Lin , Xu Xiao‐Hua , Zhu Shou‐Fei
Published: March 2014

The method is extended to the preparation of (VI), the key intermediate for the synthesis of (+)‐chelidonine (VII).
ChemInform Abstract: Chiral Lewis Acid Catalyzed Asymmetric Cycloadditions of Carbonyl Ylides Generated from Diazoimide Derivatives and Their Synthetic Applications to Indolizidine Alkaloids.
Authors: Suga Hiroyuki , Hashimoto Yuta , Yasumura Shingo , Takezawa Ryota , Itoh Kennosuke , Kakehi Akikazu
Published: March 2014

The synthetic value of this protocol is demonstrated by preparation of indolizidine alkaloids, e.g. tashiromine (VI).
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis of Novel Benzo[4,5]thiazolo[1,2‐a]pyrimidine‐3‐carboxylate Derivatives and Biological Evaluation as Potential Anticancer Agents.
Authors: Nagarapu Lingaiah , Vanaparthi Satheeshvarma , Bantu Rajashaker , Kumar C. Ganesh
Published: March 2014

Two series of novel benzothiazolopyrimidine carboxamide derivatives (VI) and (VII) are synthesized and evaluated for their cytotoxicity against some human cancer cell lines.
ChemInform Abstract: N1‐ and C6‐Substituted Adenines: A Regioselective and Efficient Synthesis.
Authors: Senhoraes Nadia , Costa A. Luisa , Silva Deolinda I. , Proenca M. Fernanda , Dias Alice M.
Published: March 2014

Title adenine derivatives [(III), (VIII), (IX), and (X)] are synthesized from easily accessible carboxamidines [(I) or (IX), resp.].
ChemInform Abstract: Facile Preparation of Tetrahydro‐5H‐pyrido[1,2,3‐de]‐1,4‐benzoxazines via Reductive Cyclization of 2‐(8‐Quinolinyloxy)ethanones and Their Antioxidant Activity.
Authors: Patil Viraj P. , Markad Vijay L. , Kodam Kisan M. , Waghmode Suresh B.
Published: March 2014

The radical scavenging activities of most of the title pyridobenzoxazines (II) (13 examples) are close to or even better than commercial standards ascorbic acid and BHT.
ChemInform Abstract: Design, Synthesis, and in vitro Cancer Cell Growth Inhibition Evaluation and Antimalarial Testing of Trioxanes Installed in Cyclic 2‐Enoate Substructures.
Authors: Inokuchi Tsutomu , et al. et al.
Published: March 2014

A novel series of trioxanes is synthesized via photooxidation of corresponding 2H‐pyrans and evaluated for their anticancer and antimalarial activities.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis of New Organosilicon Compounds by CS2: Mercapto‐silyl‐thiones.
Authors: Safa Kazem D. , Ghorbanpour Khatereh
Published: March 2014

A novel three‐component reaction including an unusual rearrangement allows the synthesis of mercapto‐silyl‐thiones from methyllithium derivative (I), CS2, and benzyl halides.
ChemInform Abstract: Polystyrene‐Gallium Trichloride Complex: A Mild, Highly Efficient, and Recyclable Polymeric Lewis Acid Catalyst for Chemoselective Silylation of Alcohols and Phenols with Hexamethyldisilazane.
Authors: Rahmatpour Ali , Vakili Ali , Azizian Setare
Published: March 2014

Gallium trichloride on polystyrene is shown to be an efficient catalyst for the introduction of the trimethylsilyl group to alcohols.
ChemInform Abstract: Pd‐Catalyzed Synthesis of Symmetrical and Unsymmetrical Siloxanes.
Authors: Kurihara Yu , Yamanoi Yoshinori , Nishihara Hiroshi
Published: March 2014

A Pd‐catalyzed arylation of hydrosilanes (I) and (IV) is developed for the synthesis of diarylsiloxanes such as (IV), (V), and (VII).
ChemInform Abstract: Syntheses of 2‐Unsubstituted 1H‐1,3‐Benzazaphospholes from N‐Formyl‐2‐bromoanilides.
Authors: Ghalib Mohammed , Niaz Basit , Jones Peter G. , Heinicke Joachim W.
Published: March 2014

Two synthetic pathways are described for the preparation of title compounds of type (VII) which differ in the order of reaction steps.
ChemInform Abstract: Selected Reactions of Diethyl (E)‐1‐(Bromomethyl)‐2‐cyanovinylphosphonate with Secondary and Tertiary Amines.
Authors: Fray Asma , Ben Kraiem Jihene , Amri Hassen
Published: March 2014

The reaction of phosphonate (I) with less bulky secondary amines leads to phosphonates of type (III)/(IV) after substitution and rearrangement.
ChemInform Abstract: A Convenient Method to Synthesize 1,3‐Selenazolidin‐2‐ones from 2‐Chloroethyl Amine Salts by Se/CO System under Atmospheric Pressure and Temperature.
Authors: Tian Fengshou , Chen Yahong , Li Peng , Lu Shiwei
Published: March 2014

A new method for the synthesis of title compounds (III) under atmospheric pressure and at ambient temperature is presented.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis of New Andrographolide Derivatives and Evaluation of Their Antidyslipidemic, LDL‐Oxidation and Antioxidant Activity.
Authors: Pandeti Sukanya , Sonkar Ravi , Shukla Astha , Bhatia Gitika , Tadigoppula Narender
Published: March 2014

Fifteen andrographolide derivatives are synthesized and evaluated for their biological activity.
ChemInform Abstract: A New Taraxastane‐Type Triterpene from Vitex trifolia var. simplicifolia
Authors: Huang Ming‐Yu , Zhong Lin‐Jing , Xie Jie‐Ming , Wang Fei , Zhang Yong‐Hong
Published: March 2014

isolation, structure determination and cytotoxicity of the new taraxastane‐type triterpene (I) and14 known compounds
ChemInform Abstract: A Novel [1,2,4]Triazolo[1,5‐a]pyrimidine‐Based Phenyl‐Linked Steroid Dimer: Synthesis and Its Cytotoxic Activity.
Authors: Yu Bin , Shi Xiao‐Jing , Zheng Yong‐Fei , Fang Yuan , Zhang En , Yu De‐Quan , Liu Hong‐Min
Published: March 2014

Title compound (I) shows excellent cytotoxic activity and good selectivity between cancer and normal cells.
ChemInform Abstract: Three New C19‐Diterpenoid Alkaloids from Aconitum forrestii
Authors: Xu Jun‐Ju , Zhao Da‐Ke , Ai Hong‐Lian , Zhang Li‐Mei , Xie Shi‐Qing , Zi Shu‐Hui , Yang Sheng‐Chao , Shen Yong
Published: March 2014

isolation and structure elucidation
ChemInform Abstract: Stereoselective Total Synthesis of 4‐Ketoclonostachydiol (I)
Authors: Rajaram Singanaboina , Ramulu Udugu , Ramesh Dasari , Prabhakar Peddikotla , Venkateswarlu Yenamandra
Published: March 2014

involving a Horner‐Wadsworth‐Emmons olefination, Grignard reaction, and Hoveyda—Grubbs‐II catalyzed ring closing metathesis as key step
ChemInform Abstract: Depsidones from an Endophytic Fungus Chaetomium sp. Associated with Zanthoxylum leprieurii.
Authors: Talontsi Ferdinand Mouafo , Douanla‐Meli Clovis , Laatsch Hartmut
Published: March 2014

Chaetosidone A (I), a new depsidone, is isolated from a culture of Chaetomium sp.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis of Aurachin D and Isoprenoid Analogues from the Myxobacterium Stigmatella aurantiaca.
Authors: Dejon Lisa , Speicher Andreas
Published: March 2014

The target compounds are synthesized via Conrad—Limpach cyclization.
ChemInform Abstract: Versicolactones A and B: Total Synthesis and Structure Revision.
Authors: Wang Liping , Zhu Weiming
Published: March 2014

Based on the total syntheses of all eight possible stereoisomers the previously reported structures of versicolactones A (I) and B (II) are reassigned.
ChemInform Abstract: Non‐Conventional Methods and Media for the Activation and Manipulation of Carbon Nanoforms
Authors: Vazquez Ester , Giacalone Francesco , Prato Maurizio
Published: March 2014

Review: tutorial review; 60 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis of Non‐Siliceous Mesoporous Oxides
Authors: Gu Dong , Schueth Ferdi
Published: March 2014

Review: 407 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: The Gold—Hydrogen Bond, Au—H, and the Hydrogen Bond to Gold, Au···H—X
Authors: Schmidbaur Hubert , Raubenheimer Helgard G. , Dobrzanska Liliana
Published: March 2014

Review: 254 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Exploration of Nanostructured Functional Materials Based on Hybridization of Inorganic 2D Nanosheets
Authors: Gunjakar Jayavant L. , Kim In Young , Lee Jang Mee , Jo Yun Kyung , Hwang Seong‐Ju
Published: March 2014

Review: 164 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Intramolecular C—C Agostic Complexes: C—C Sigma Interactions by Another Name
Authors: Etienne Michel , Weller Andrew S.
Published: March 2014

Review: developments in the synthesis, characterization and reactivity of metal complexes (s‐, d‐ and f‐block) in which a C—C single bond interacts with a metal center; 112 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Half‐Sandwich Arene Ruthenium Complexes: Synthetic Strategies and Relevance in Catalysis
Authors: Kumar Prashant , Gupta Rakesh Kumar , Pandey Daya Shankar
Published: March 2014

Review: 126 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Enantioselective Fluorocyclization
Authors: Gulder Tanja , Gulder Tobias A. M.
Published: March 2014

Review: 10 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Recent Advances in the Direct Nucleophilic Substitution of Allylic Alcohols Through SN1‐Type Reactions
Authors: Baeza Alejandro , Najera Carmen
Published: March 2014

Review: 48 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Oligodentate Glycoconjugates Based on Calixarenes: Methods for the Synthesis and Biological Activity
Authors: Titov D. V. , Gening M. L. , Tsvetkov Yu. E. , Nifantiev N. E.
Published: March 2014

Review: 111 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Catalytic Enantioselective Decarboxylative Reactions Using Organocatalysts
Authors: Nakamura Shuichi
Published: March 2014

Review: 51 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Torsional Control of Stereoselectivities in Electrophilic Additions and Cycloadditions to Alkenes
Authors: Wang Hao , Houk K. N.
Published: March 2014

Review: 43 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Earth‐Abundant Hydrogen Evolution Electrocatalysts
Authors: McKone James R. , Marinescu Smaranda C. , Brunschwig Bruce S. , Winkler Jay R. , Gray Harry B.
Published: March 2014

Review: 155 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Modulating Glycosylation with Exogenous Nucleophiles: An Overview
Authors: Mulani Shaheen K. , Hung Wei‐Cheng , Ingle Arun B. , Shiau Kai‐Sheng , Mong Kwok‐Kong Tony
Published: March 2014

Review: 81 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Total Synthesis of Alkyl Citrate Natural Products
Authors: Rizzacasa Mark A. , Sturgess Dayna
Published: March 2014

Review: 67 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Recent Developments of the Stille Reaction as a Revolutionized Method in Total Synthesis
Authors: Heravi Majid M. , Hashemi Elaheh , Azimian Fereshteh
Published: March 2014

Review: [77 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Oxenoids in Organic Synthesis
Authors: Minko Yury , Marek Ilan
Published: March 2014

Review: 51 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Sequential Stereodivergent Organocatalysis and Programmed Organocascades
Authors: Sohtome Yoshihiro , Nagasawa Kazuo
Published: March 2014

Review: 25 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Principles of Modern Solid‐Phase Oligosaccharide Synthesis
Authors: Bennett Clay S.
Published: March 2014

Review: 82 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: In situ Protection Methodology in Carbonyl Chemistry
Authors: Yahata Kenzo , Fujioka Hiromichi
Published: March 2014

Review: 36 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Spiropyran‐Based Dynamic Materials
Authors: Klajn Rafal
Published: March 2014

Review: synthesis, switching conditions and use of spiropyran moieties supported onto macromolecular supports or inorganic scaffolds; 435 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: What Molecular Assembly Can Learn from Catalytic Chemistry
Authors: Wang Yu , Lin Hai‐Xin , Chen Liang , Ding Song‐Yuan , Lei Zhi‐Chao , Liu De‐Yu , Cao Xiao‐Yu , Liang Hao‐Jun , Jiang Yun‐Bao , Tian Zhong‐Qun
Published: March 2014

Review: 136 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Maximizing Information Content of Single‐Molecule FRET Experiments: Multi‐Color FRET and FRET Combined with Force or Torque
Authors: Hohng Sungchul , Lee Sanghwa , Lee Jinwoo , Jo Myung Hyun
Published: March 2014

Review: 48 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Quinone/Hydroquinone‐Functionalized Biointerfaces for Biological Applications from the Macro‐ to Nano‐Scale
Authors: Ma Wei , Long Yi‐Tao
Published: March 2014

Review: recent advances; 50 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Flashback Forward: Reaction‐Driven de novo Design of Bioactive Compounds
Authors: Rodrigues Tiago , Schneider Gisbert
Published: March 2014

Review: 52 refs.+subrefs.
ChemInform Abstract: Pretreatment Methods to Improve Anaerobic Biodegradability of Organic Municipal Solid Waste Fractions
Authors: Cesaro Alessandra , Belgiorno Vincenzo
Published: March 2014

Review: 127 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Solvent Extraction: The Coordination Chemistry Behind Extractive Metallurgy
Authors: Wilson A. Matthew , Bailey Phillip J. , Tasker Peter A. , Turkington Jennifer R. , Grant Richard A. , Love Jason B.
Published: March 2014

Review: 49 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Competition Kinetics of the Free‐Radical Addition, Inhibition of Nonbranched‐Chain Processes by Low‐Reactive Radicals
Authors: Silaev M. M.
Published: March 2014

Review: 101 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Computational Methods for Contemporary Carbene Chemistry
Authors: Gerbig Dennis , Ley David
Published: March 2014

Review: 198 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Recent NMR Developments Applied to Organic‐Inorganic Materials
Authors: Bonhomme Christian , Gervais Christel , Laurencin Danielle
Published: March 2014

Review: 681 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Recent Progress in the Development of Near‐Infrared Fluorescent Probes for Bioimaging Applications
Authors: Guo Zhiqian , Park Sookil , Yoon Juyoung , Shin Injae
Published: March 2014

Review: [50 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Breaking the Concentration Limit of Optical Single‐Molecule Detection
Authors: Holzmeister Phil , Acuna Guillermo P. , Grohmann Dina , Tinnefeld Philip
Published: March 2014

Review: 55 refs.
Focus on technology: How important is resolution in telecytopathology?
Authors: McMahon Rachel Q. , McCarthy Erin E. , Hetzel Scott J. , Das Kasturi , Stewart Jimmie
Published: March 2014

BACKGROUND

The authors conducted an analysis of 2 telepathology systems with different resolutions to determine how resolution affects the pathologists' ability to provide preliminary diagnoses for fine‐needle aspirations (FNA).

METHODS

FNA cases evaluated by telepathology between February 1, 2011 and January 18, 2012 were reviewed. Concordance indices between preliminary and final diagnoses were calculated for cases assessed with two proprietary systems (the Remote Meeting Technologies iMedHD system and the Olympus NetCam system) using 3 diagnostic classifications (negative, atypical, and suspicious/positive). A Wilcoxon rank‐sum test was used to compare the number of passes necessary to determine adequacy.

RESULTS

In total, 298 NetCam cases and 26 iMedHD cases were evaluated. The concordance index, which was calculated using the 3 classifications, was 0.943 (95% confidence interval, 0.922‐0.963) for NetCam compared with 0.951 (95% confidence interval, 0.898‐1.000) for iMedHD. The mean value for the number of passes required to determine adequacy was 2.2 for NetCam and 2.1 for iMedHD (P = .838).

CONCLUSIONS

The results from statistical analyses demonstrated no difference in the concordance indices between preliminary and final diagnoses or in the number of passes necessary to render adequacy between the 2 telepathology systems. However, because it had higher resolution along with other features, the iMedHD system achieved greater user satisfaction. Cancer (Cancer Cytopathol) 2014;122:546–552. © 2014 American Cancer Society.
Discovery of biological networks using an optimized partial correlation coefficient with information theory algorithm on Stampede's Xeon and Xeon Phi processors
Authors: Koesterke Lars , Koltes James E. , Weeks Nathan T. , Milfeld Kent , Vaughn Matthew W. , Reecy James M. , Stanzione Dan
Published: March 2014

The partial correlation coefficient with information theory (PCIT) method is an important technique for detecting interactions between networks. The PCIT algorithm has been used in the biological context to infer complex regulatory mechanisms and interactions in genetic networks, in genome wide association studies, and in other similar problems. In this work, the PCIT algorithm is re‐implemented with exemplary parallel, vector, input/output (I/O), memory, and instruction optimizations for today's multi‐core and many‐core architectures. The evolution and performance of the new code targets the processor architectures of the Stampede supercomputer but will also benefit other architectures. The Stampede system consists of an Intel Xeon E5 processor base system with an innovative component consist of Intel Xeon Phi Coprocessors. Optimized results and an analysis are presented for both the Xeon and the Xeon Phi. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Numerical optimization of czochralski sapphire single crystal growth using orthogonal design method
Authors: Fang H. S. , Tian J. , Wang S. , Long Y. , Zhang M. J. , Zhao C. J.
Published: March 2014

Crystal quality during Czochralski (Cz) growth is influenced significantly by the convexity of solid/liquid (S/L) interface, which is related to operating conditions, such as Radio‐Frequency (RF) coil position, crystal rotation and crucible rotation. Generally, a flat interface shape is preferred for high‐quality crystal growth. It is difficult to achieve the optimized conditions even from numerical modeling due to the large computational load from examining all of the affecting factors. Orthogonal design/test method, fortunately, provides an efficient way to organize the study of multiple factors with the minimization of computational load. In the paper, this method is adopted to investigate the affecting factors of Cz‐sapphire single crystal growth based on the coupled calculation of thermal field and melt flows. The orthogonal analysis clearly reveals the optimized growth conditions to achieve a relative flat S/L interface under the current ranges of the parameters.
Generation and correlation algorithms for ternary complementary pairs of sequences of length 3·2n
Authors: Donato P. G. , Hadad M. N. , Funes M. A. , Carrica D. O.
Published: March 2014

Binary complementary pairs of sequences, which are available for certain even length values (L = 2n · 10m · 26p), are very interesting for applications with high noise levels and/or highly attenuated signals. To extend the range of useful lengths, some authors have defined ternary complementary pairs of sequences. These sequences have been approached from a theoretical perspective, but further research should be conducted regarding the architectures to process them. This letter describes algorithms for generating and performing the correlation of these sequences using a minimum amount of calculations. These algorithms allow to work with sequences of length 3 · 2n, making it possible to attain a wider range of lengths, and, as a consequence, a wider range of noise immunity in some applications. The proposed approach uses a particular delay arrangement that minimizes the memory requirements in hardware applications. The procedure described could also be used in ternary complementary pairs generated from primitives of length different from 3. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
High‐frequency vaccine‐induced CD8+ T cells specific for an epitope naturally processed during infection with Mycobacterium tuberculosis do not confer protection
Authors: Lindenstrøm Thomas , Aagaard Claus , Christensen Dennis , Agger Else M. , Andersen Peter
Published: March 2014

Relatively few MHC class I epitopes have been identified from Mycobacterium tuberculosis, but during the late stage of infection, CD8+ T‐cell responses to these epitopes are often primed at an extraordinary high frequency. Although clearly available for recognition during infection, their role in resistance to mycobacterial infections still remain unclear. As an alternative to DNA and viral vaccination platforms, we have exploited a novel CD8+ T‐cell‐inducing adjuvant, cationic adjuvant formulation 05 (dimethyldioctadecylammonium/trehalose dibehenate/poly (inositic:cytidylic) acid), to prime high‐frequency CD8 responses to the immunodominant H2‐Kb‐restricted IMYNYPAM epitope contained in the vaccine Ag tuberculosis (TB)10.4/Rv0288/ESX‐H (where ESX is mycobacterial type VII secretion system). We report that the amino acid C‐terminal to this minimal epitope plays a decisive role in proteasomal cleavage and epitope priming. The primary structure of TB10.4 is suboptimal for proteasomal processing of the epitope and amino acid substitutions in the flanking region markedly increased epitope‐specific CD8+ T‐cell responses. One of the optimized sequences was contained in the closely related TB10.3/Rv3019c/ESX‐R Ag and when recombinantly expressed and administered in the cationic adjuvant formulation 05 adjuvant, this Ag promoted very high CD8+ T‐cell responses. This abundant T‐cell response was functionally active but provided no protection against challenge, suggesting that CD8+ T cells play a limited role in protection against M. tuberculosis in the mouse model.
Hexamolybdenum Cluster Complexes with Pyrene and Anthracene Carboxylates: Ultrabright Red Emitters with the Antenna Effect
Authors: Kirakci Kaplan , Fejfarová Karla , Kučeráková Monika , Lang Kamil
Published: March 2014

Phosphorescent hexamolybdenum cluster complexes with pyrene and anthracene carboxylates exhibit energy transfer from the grafted ligands to the {Mo6I8} core. The complex with the pyrene ligands exhibits the highest brightness of emission ever reported for a Mo6 cluster complex excited in the near‐UV region (ϵ355 = 2.3 105 M–1 cm–1, ΦL = 0.60). These antenna systems possess attractive features as UV/Red light convertors, optical oxygen sensors, or sensitizers of singlet oxygen.
Regio‐ and Enantioselective Organocascade Michael–Michael Reactions: Construction of Chiral Trisubstituted Indanes
Authors: Li Ning , Liu Guo‐Gui , Chen Jian , Pan Feng‐Feng , Wu Bing , Wang Xing‐Wang
Published: March 2014

Given the importance of indane derivatives in both organic and medicinal chemistry, the development of an effective synthetic protocol for the preparation of multifunctionalized 1,2,3‐trisubstituted indane derivatives is of considerable interest. In this paper, we developed a cascade regio‐ and enantioselective double Michael addition to construct challenging multifunctionalized chiral indane derivatives in the presence of a bifunctional acid–base organocatalyst. The resulting optically active indane derivatives with three alternating trans stereocenters were produced in moderate to good yields with excellent diastereoselectivities and excellent enantioselectivities. Remarkably, the resulting products were facilely converted into multifunctionalized optically active (1‐indanylmethyl)amine and tetrahydroindeno[2,1‐b]pyrrole derivatives.
Living in the north is not necessarily favorable: Different metaphoric associations between cardinal direction and valence in Hong Kong and in the United States
Authors: Huang Yanli , Tse Chi‐Shing , Cho Kit W.
Published: March 2014

The Conceptual Metaphor Theory (e.g., Lakoff & Johnson, ) suggests that people represent abstract concepts in terms of concrete concepts via metaphoric association. Participants in the United States (US) showed that cardinal direction (north/south) is metaphorically associated with valence (positive/negative), as reflected by their estimate for where a person with high or low socioeconomic status (SES) lives in a fictional city or their own living preference (Meier, Moller, Chen, & Riemer‐Peltz, ). The present study tested whether the cardinal direction–valence metaphoric association could be moderated by cultural differences. Although US participants believed that high‐SES and low‐SES individuals were more likely to live in the northern and southern part of the city, respectively, the reverse was so for Hong Kong (HK) participants (Study 1). When asked where they themselves would like to live, HK participants preferred to live in a southern area, whereas US participants showed no preference (Studies 2 and 3). These findings demonstrate cultural differences in metaphoric associations between cardinal direction and valence for HK and US participants. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
To help or not to help an outgroup member: The role of the target's individual attributes in resolving potential helpers' motivational conflict
Authors: Siem Birte , Lotz‐Schmitt Katharina , Stürmer Stefan
Published: March 2014

When people are faced with the decision of whether or not to help an outgroup member, they often experience conflicting motivational tendencies due to the concurrent presence of factors prompting help and factors prompting non‐help. We argue that one way of how people deal with this conflict is by taking a closer look at the target's individual attributes, especially at those indicating the target's benevolence. Findings of Experiment 1 (N = 96), in which we manipulated intercultural dissimilarity between participants and a (fictitious) recipient of help and normative pressure to help as two factors affecting motivational conflict, support this basic assumption. Specifically, response latencies analyses confirmed that participants assigned a culturally highly dissimilar target spent more time on inspecting target‐related information when normative pressure, and thus motivational conflict, was high than when it was low. Experiment 2 (N = 141) extended these findings by demonstrating that providing potential helpers with explicit information about an outgroup member's benevolence increased helping intentions through reducing their negative interaction expectancies (and thus motivational conflict). As expected, this mediational relationship could only be observed for participants assigned a culturally highly dissimilar target. Experiment 3 (N = 46) replicated these mediation findings in a within‐subjects design. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Integration of Learning Model: How College Students Integrate Learning
Authors: Barber James P.
Published: March 2014

Students integrate their learning experiences across contexts through a process of connecting, applying, and synthesizing information, knowledge, and skills.
Civic Engagement and Organizational Learning Strategies for Student Success
Authors: Moore Tami L. , Mendez Jesse P.
Published: March 2014

Students succeed in college by engaging with faculty, peers, and the community. Institutional leaders can utilize organizational learning strategies to learn what works to support civic learning outcomes and student success.
Developing Learning in Faculty: Seeking Expert Assistance From Colleagues
Authors: Zakrajsek Todd
Published: March 2014

Interprofessionalism involves learning from faculty members in different professions and is gaining popularity rapidly in health care. Every college campus has a wide variety of experts specifically educated in areas associated with good educational practices. This chapter describes the many ways in which faculty members from different professional areas may be supportive of one another.
Blended Learning as Transformational Institutional Learning
Authors: VanDerLinden Kim
Published: March 2014

This chapter reviews institutional approaches to blended learning and the ways in which institutions support faculty in the intentional redesign of courses to produce optimal learning. The chapter positions blended learning as a strategic opportunity to engage in organizational learning.
Finding and Fostering Learning: What College and University Leaders Need to Know and What They Can Do
Authors: Neumann Anna , Bolitzer Liza
Published: March 2014

Learning is a core part of all forms of higher education work. College leaders of all kinds—administrators, staff, faculty, and students—must know how to seek out and support the wide array of learning that can go on in colleges and universities.
Bringing It All Together Through Group Learning
Authors: Chance Shannon M.
Published: March 2014

Interpersonal and transdisciplinary collaboration can facilitate and amplify the benefits of learning. Drawing from ideas presented throughout this volume, this culminating chapter describes ways to enhance collaborative learning within and among various stakeholder groups.
On the significance of crop‐type information for the simulation of catchment hydrology
Authors: Loosvelt Lien , Pauwels Valentijn R. N. , Verhoest Niko E. C.
Published: March 2014

Spatially distributed hydrological models require information on the land cover pattern, as it directly influences the generation of run‐off. However, it is not clear which detail of land cover information is suitable for simulating the catchment hydrology. A better understanding of the relationship between the land cover detail and the hydrological processes is therefore required as it would enhance a successful application of the hydrological model. This study investigates the relevance of accurate information about the crop types in the catchment for the simulation of run‐off, baseflow and evapotranspiration. Results reveal that adding knowledge about the crop type in the model simulation is redundant when area‐averaged water flux predictions are intended. On the contrary, when a spatial distribution of water flux predictions is desired, it is meaningful to increase the land cover detail because an increased heterogeneity in the land cover map induces an increased heterogeneity in the hydrological response and locally reduces the uncertainty in the model prediction up to 50%. To assess the land cover uncertainty and to locate the regions for which the reduction in prediction uncertainty is the highest, the thematic uncertainty map (constructed through fuzzy logic) is shown to be a useful tool. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Effects of mindfulness and distraction on pain depend upon individual differences in pain catastrophizing: An experimental study
Authors: Prins B. , Decuypere A. , Van Damme S.
Published: March 2014

Background

The aim of this study was to investigate whether the perception of experimental pain was different during a mindfulness manipulation than during a distraction manipulation. Furthermore, it was examined if effects were moderated by dispositional pain catastrophizing.

Methods

Undergraduate students (n = 51) completed self‐report measures of pain catastrophizing and mindfulness. Subsequently, they were administered a series of mildly painful heat stimuli, which they had to rate. During pain induction, participants listened to either a pre‐recorded mindfulness instruction (mindfulness group) or a pre‐recorded story (distraction group).

Results

After controlling for baseline experimental pain ratings, we found no overall group effect, indicating that there was no difference in experienced pain between the mindfulness group and the distraction group. However, a significant moderation effect was found. When dispositional pain catastrophizing was high, pain was less pronounced in the mindfulness group than in the distraction group, whereas the opposite effect was found when the level of pain catastrophizing was low.

Conclusions

The findings suggest that in persons with a high level of catastrophic thinking about pain, mindfulness‐based coping may be a better approach than distraction.
Advances in vanadate laser crystals at a lasing wavelength of 1 micrometer
Authors: Yu Haohai , Liu Junhai , Zhang Huaijin , Kaminskii Alexander A. , Wang Zhengping , Wang Jiyang
Published: March 2014

Sapphire, garnet and vanadate crystals are the most prominent optical materials, and vanadates play important roles in optics, especially in lasers and nonlinear optics. Neodymium‐doped yttrium vanadate (Nd:YVO4) is representative and available commercially. Based on Nd:YVO4, several vanadate crystals are being developed with the goal of fulfilling the need for differential applications and improvement of certain operational aspects, such as with pulsed lasers or high‐power continuous‐wave lasers. In recent years, some important effects, including energy enhancement, bistability of output performance, self‐Raman frequency shifting, etc., and some novel applications, such as quantum optics, pulsed lasers modulated by the two‐dimensional crystals, etc., have been discovered with vanadates as gain materials. In this paper, the preparation, characterization and laser applications of vanadate laser crystals at the lasing wavelength of 1 micrometer, including YVO4, GdVO4, LuVO4, GdxY1–xVO4 and LuxGd1–xVO4 (0 < x < 1) doped with Nd3+ and ytterbium (Yb3+) are systematically reviewed by highlighting the most recent research progress. Their specific properties are presented, generation mechanisms of novel physical effects are discussed, new applications are given and possible future applications proposed by focusing on some potential strengths.
Global existence of weak discontinuous solutions to the Cauchy problem with small BV initial data for quasilinear hyperbolic systems
Authors: Wang Libin
Published: March 2014

In this paper, we study the Cauchy problem for quasilinear hyperbolic system with a kind of non‐smooth initial data. Under the assumption that the initial data possess a suitably small bounded variation norm, a necessary and sufficient condition is obtained to guarantee the existence and uniqueness of global weak discontinuous solution. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Bicriteria scheduling on a single batching machine with job transportation and deterioration considerations
Authors: Tang Lixin , Gong Hua , Liu Jiyin , Li Feng
Published: March 2014

We study a single batching machine scheduling problem with transportation and deterioration considerations arising from steel production. A set of jobs are transported, one at a time, by a vehicle from a holding area to the single batching machine. The machine can process several jobs simultaneously as a batch. The processing time of a job will increase if the duration from the time leaving the holding area to the start of its processing exceeds a given threshold. The time needed to process a batch is the longest of the job processing times in the batch. The problem is to determine the job sequence for transportation and the job batching for processing so as to minimize the makespan and the number of batches. We study four variations (P1, P2, P3, P4) of the problem with different treatments of the two criteria. We prove that all the four variations are strongly NP‐hard and further develop polynomial time algorithms for their special cases. For each of the first three variations, we propose a heuristic algorithm and analyze its worst‐case performance. For P4, which is to find the Pareto frontier, we provide a heuristic algorithm and an exact algorithm based on branch and bound. Computational experiments show that all the heuristic algorithms perform well on randomly generated problem instances, and the exact algorithm for P4 can obtain Pareto optimal schedules for small‐scale instances. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Naval Research Logistics 61: 269–285, 2014
BRAF V600E mutational status in pediatric thyroid cancer
Authors: Henke Lauren E. , Perkins Stephanie M. , Pfeifer John D. , Ma Changquing , Chen Yumei , DeWees Todd , Grigsby Perry W.
Published: March 2014

Background

Clinical outcome of papillary thyroid carcinoma (PTC) in children differs significantly from that of adults. There is no clear explanation of this difference although previous studies have demonstrated a lower prevalence of the BRAFV600E mutation in PTC of children. However, data are limited due to the rarity of this diagnosis. BRAFV600E mutation prevalence and its relationship with outcome in pediatric PTC remain unclear.

Procedure

BRAFV600E mutational status was determined in 27 PTC patients less than 22 years of age using restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP) analysis. The relationship between BRAFV600E mutation status, patient and tumor characteristics as well as progression‐free survival (PFS) were analyzed.

Results

BRAFV600E was present in 63% of patients and occurred more often in male patients versus females (P = 0.033). Presence of the mutation did not correlate with any difference in extent of disease at diagnosis, tumor size, capsular invasion, vascular invasion, soft tissue invasion, or margin status. At 10 years, PFS for BRAFV600E positive versus negative patients was 55.5% versus 70.0%, respectively (P = 0.48). Overall survival was 100% and median follow‐up was 13.9 years.

Conclusions

This study of pediatric PTC demonstrates that BRAFV600E mutations occur in children at a rate comparable to adults. We found a correlation of BRAFV600E with the male gender, but no evidence that the mutation correlates with more extensive or aggressive disease. This analysis suggests that differences in disease course of PTC in children versus adults are not strongly dependent upon the presence of the BRAFV600E mutation. Pediatr Blood Cancer 2014;61:1168–1172. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Umbilical artery Doppler at 19 to 22 weeks of gestation in the prediction of adverse pregnancy outcomes
Authors: De Paco Catalina , Ventura Walter , Oliva Raquel , Miguel Myriam , Arteaga Alicia , Nieto Anibal , Delgado Juan L.
Published: March 2014

Objective

The aim of this study was to determine the clinical utility of Doppler assessment of the umbilical artery in the second trimester scan for predicting adverse pregnancy outcomes.

Methods

Singleton pregnancies that had undergone routine anomaly scan at 19 to 22 weeks of gestation with umbilical and uterine artery Doppler measurements. Receiver operating characteristic curves were constructed to evaluate the ability of umbilical artery pulsatility index (PI) to predict small for gestational age and preeclampsia.

Results

The final study population comprised 4565 singleton pregnancies. Multiple regression analysis showed significant independent contribution of umbilical artery PI in predicting SGA <10th and SGA <5th centiles (adjusted odds ratios of 2.51 and 3.51, respectively). By using a cutoff of umbilical artery PI >90th centile, the likelihood ratio of SGA <5th centile is 2.3 (95% CI: 1.7–3.0).

Conclusions

Umbilical artery PI at 19 to 22 weeks of gestation is significantly associated with SGA below the tenth and fifth centiles. A multivariate model combining umbilical and uterine artery Doppler measurements with additional maternal and sonographic characteristics may help predict small for gestational age, particularly those below the fifth centile. © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Maternal serum analytes as predictors of IUGR with different degrees of placental vascular dysfunction
Authors: Roman Amanda , Desai Neeraj , Krantz David , Liu Hsiao‐Pin , Rosner Jonathan , Vohra Nidhi , Rochelson Burton
Published: March 2014

Objectives

Our primary objective was to determine the association of maternal serum analytes in pregnancies complicated by intrauterine growth restriction (IUGR) stratified by umbilical artery (UA) Doppler versus pregnancies with appropriately grown for gestational age (AGA) and its potential use as screening model.

Methods

Retrospective cohort evaluating first and second trimester maternal serum aneuploidy screening markers in women complicated with IUGR [90 with absent or reversed end diastolic velocity (AREDV), 46 with UA systolic/diastolic ratio ≥95th percentile and 215 with normal UA Doppler] versus 2590 women with AGA fetuses (control).

Results

Extreme levels of each analyte were significantly more common in the IUGR/AREDV group than in AGA group: inhibin A >97th percentile [≥2.27 multiples of the median (MoM)], OR: 41 (95% CI: 21–80); unconjugated estriol <3rd percentile (≤0.6 MoM), OR: 17.2 (95% CI: 8.1–42); AFP >97th percentile (≥1.88 MoM), OR: 15 (95% CI: 8.2–27); PAPP‐A <3rd percentile (≤0.33 MoM), OR: 13 (95% CI: 6.6–25.5); and free‐beta human chorionic gonadotrophin second trimester >97th percentile (≥3.24 MoM), OR: 11.6 (95% CI: 4.2–32). In a subgroup of pregnancies in which all markers were evaluated on each patient, a combination of abnormal markers detected 73% (95% CI: 54–87%) of IUGR/AREDV fetuses. When maternal risk factors were included into the risk calculation, it increased to 91% (95% CI: 76–98%).

Conclusions

Abnormal maternal serum aneuploidy markers preferentially identify those pregnancies at greatest risk of IUGR with AREDV in the UA. © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Epitope mapping of monoclonal antibodies for the Deinococcus radiodurans bacteriophytochome
Authors: Kim Tae‐Lim , Yoo Jihey , Sangsawang Kanidta , Cho Man‐Ho , Yang Seung Hwan , Suh Joo‐Won , Hahn Tae‐Ryong , Bhoo Seong Hee
Published: March 2014

Bacteriophytochromes (BphP) are phytochrome‐like light sensing proteins in bacteria, which use biliverdin as a chromophore. In order to study the biochemical properties of the DrBphP protein, five (2B8, 2C11, 3B2, 3D2, and 3H7) anti‐DrBphP monoclonal antibodies were produced through the immunization of mice with purified full‐length DrBphP and DrBphN (1–321 amino acid) proteins, and epitope mapping was then carried out. Among the five antibodies, 2B8 and 2C11 preferentially recognized the N‐terminal region of BphP whereas 3B2, 3D2, and 3H7 showed preference for the C‐terminal region. We performed further epitope mapping using recombinant truncated BphP proteins to narrow down their target sequences. The results demonstrated that each of the five monoclonal antibodies recognized different regions on the DrBphP protein. Additionally, epitopes of 2B8 and 3H7 antibodies were discovered to be shorter than 10 amino acids (2B8: RDPLPFFPP, 3H7: PGEIEEA). These two antibodies with such specific recognition epitopes could be especially valuable for developing new peptide tags for protein detection and purification.
Detection of whole cells using reflectometric interference spectroscopy
Authors: Merkl Stefan , Vornicescu Doru , Dassinger Nina , Keusgen Michael
Published: March 2014

The detection of clinically relevant bacteria as whole cells is subject of intense research. Besides established methods like ELISAs, even optical biosensors as surface plasmon resonance spectroscopy (SPR) have been proven to be applicable for such purposes. However, detection limit seems to be only at 105 cells mL−1, which is not sufficient for many applications. A possible reason for this limitation is that particles like bacteria could only immerse to a very restricted degree into the evanescent field. As an alternative to SPR, reflectometric interference spectroscopy (RIfS) can be used for whole cell detection. It is expected that this method can overcome the aforementioned limitation because the space for detection is only, theoretically, limited to the dimensions of the flow cell. Experiments were conducted using Legionella pneumophila as model organism. In this work, preliminary results are presented demonstrating that detection of whole cells using a RIfS‐device combined with a flow‐through system is generally possible. Legionella cells were either captured on the sensor surface by hydrophobic interaction or alternatively by specific antibodies. However, the results indicate that the detection limit is in the same range as observed for SPR.
Ultrafast spin dynamics in magnetic wide‐bandgap semiconductors
Authors: Raskin Maxim , Stiehm Torsten , Cohn Alicia W. , Whitaker Kelly M. , Ochsenbein Stefan T. , de Vasconcellos Steffen Michaelis , Brandt Martin S. , Gamelin Daniel R. , Bratschitsch Rudolf
Published: March 2014

Magnetic wide‐bandgap semiconductors based on ZnO and GaN are promising for spintronics applications and interesting for studying the interaction of charge carriers with magnetic ions. We use time‐resolved Faraday rotation spectroscopy to investigate the ultrafast spin dynamics in Zn1−xMnxO and Ga1−xMnxN. The mean field electron–magnetic ion exchange constant is determined by measuring the transient effective g‐factor (g*) for these materials. The relevant scattering processes are revealed by analyzing the ensemble spin dephasing time .
Isotopic turnover of carbon and nitrogen in bovine blood fractions and inner organs
Authors: Bahar Bojlul , Harrison Sabine M. , Moloney Aidan P. , Monahan Frank J. , Schmidt Olaf
Published: March 2014

RATIONALE

Isotope ratio analysis of bovine tissues is a tool for inferring aspects of the dietary history of cattle. The objective of this experiment was to quantify the carbon (C) and nitrogen (N) isotopic turnover in blood (serum and residue) and inner organs (liver, kidney, heart and brain) of beef cattle.

METHODS

Growing beef cattle (n = 70 in total) were either switched from a control diet containing barley and urea to an experimental diet containing maize and 15N‐enriched urea, for various intervals prior to slaughter or maintained on the control diet for 168 days pre‐slaughter. Samples of blood, liver, kidney, heart and brain were collected at 0, 14, 28, 56, 112 and 168 days and analysed using Isotope Ratio Mass Spectrometry.

RESULTS

After 168 days, C‐ and N‐isotopic equilibrium was reached in the blood serum, liver and kidney, approached in the heart and brain, but not reached in the non‐serum component of blood. The estimated C and N half‐lives were 16.5 and 20.7 days for liver, 19.2 and 25.5 days for kidney, 29.2 and 35.6 days for blood serum, 37.6 and 49.9 days for heart, 53.3 and 52.2 days for brain and 113.3 and 115.0 days for the non‐serum blood residue, respectively. Modelling the C and N turnover in the different tissue combinations revealed that a combined analysis of liver and heart as well as brain and kidney can provide the most accurate estimation of the timing of the diet switch.

CONCLUSIONS

Based on the difference in turnover rates, bovine soft tissues can provide isotopic information on short‐ and long‐term dietary changes, which in turn may be linked to the geographic or production origin of beef cattle. This study also provides basic biological data on organ C and N turnover in a large herbivorous mammal. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Improved isobaric tandem mass tag quantification by ion mobility mass spectrometry
Authors: Sturm Robert M. , Lietz Christopher B. , Li Lingjun
Published: March 2014

RATIONALE

Isobaric tandem mass tags are an attractive alternative to mass difference tags and label‐free approaches for quantitative proteomics due to the high degree of multiplexing that can be performed with their implementation. A drawback of tandem mass tags are that the co‐isolation and co‐fragmentation of labeled peptide precursors can result in chimeric tandem mass (MS/MS) spectra that can underestimate the fold‐change expression of each peptide. Ion mobility (IM) separations coupled to quadrupole time‐of‐flight (Q‐TOF) instruments have the potential to mitigate MS/MS spectra chimeracy since IM‐MS has the ability to separate ions based on charge, m/z, and collision cross section (CCS).

METHODS

Two complex protein mixtures, labeled with DiLeu isobaric tandem mass tags in opposite ratios, were mixed together and analyzed by data‐dependent LC/IM‐MS/MS. The accuracy of reporters from interfering pairs was compared with and without IM separation.

RESULTS

IM separation was able to mitigate isobaric interference from differentially charged interfering ion pairs, as well as pairs of the same charge. Of the eight example precursors shown, only one had reporters that remained compressed below the significance threshold after IM separation.

CONCLUSIONS

The results of this investigation demonstrate proof‐of‐principle that IM separation of tagged precursors prior to MS/MS fragmentation can help mitigate quantitative inaccuracies caused by isobaric interference. Future improvements of the method would include software for automated correction and use of higher resolution IM instrumentations. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.