bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Infectious complications in lupus nephritis treatment: a systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Thong K M , Chan T M
Published: February 2019

Objectives

Infection is an important concern in lupus nephritis treatment, but few studies have focused on this complication. Available data suggest marked variation in occurrence and outcome. This meta-analysis and review aims to provide an overview of infective complications, focusing on the risk factors and outcomes.

Methods

Original articles on lupus nephritis Class III/IV/V published in the period January 1980 to December 2016 were identified from the Pubmed/Medline electronic database. Meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials was performed to investigate total and serious infections at different phases of treatment and their associated factors. A descriptive review that included all studies was also performed, providing details on the types of infection, infection-related mortality, and potential impact of different eras on infection rates.

Results

A total of 56 studies (32 randomized controlled trials) were included. The incidence rates of overall and serious infections were higher during the induction than maintenance phase of therapy, with serious infections occurring at 8.2–50 and 3.5 per 100 patient-years, respectively. Recent data, predominantly from Asia, suggested lower rates of overall infections with induction regimens that included tacrolimus compared with mycophenolate (risk ratio 0.50, 95% confidence interval 0.33–0.76, p = 0.001). Mycophenolate as induction treatment was associated with lower overall infection risks than cyclophosphamide in non-Asians (risk ratio 0.60, 95% confidence interval 0.48–0.75, p < 0.001). The rates of serious infections were 4.1–25% in Asian and 4.4–8.5% in non-Asian countries; with infection-related mortality rates of 0–6.7% in Asian, compared to 0–2.1% in non-Asian locations.

Conclusions

Infection remains a serious complication during treatment of lupus nephritis, but the reported rates and outcomes varied markedly. Mycophenolate was associated with lower infection risk than cyclophosphamide in non-Asians. Infection-related deaths appeared more common in Asian patients.
Dealing With Death Taboo: Discussion of Do-Not-Resuscitate Directives With Chinese Patients With Noncancer Life-Limiting Illnesses
Authors: Cheng Hon-Wai Benjamin , Shek Pui-Shan Karen , Man Ching-Wah , Chan Oi-Man , Chan Chun-Hung , Lai Kit-Man , Cheng Suk-Ching , Fung Koon-Sim , Lui WK , Lam Carman , Ng Yuen-Kwan , Wong Wan-To , Wong Cherry
Published: February 2019

Background:

Noncancer patients with life-limiting diseases often receive more intensive level of care in their final days of life, with more cardiopulmonary resuscitation performed and less do-not-resuscitate (DNR) orders in place. Nevertheless, death is still often a taboo across Chinese culture, and ethnic disparities could negatively affect DNR directives completion rates.

Objectives:

We aim to explore whether Chinese noncancer patients are willing to sign their own DNR directives in a palliative specialist clinic, under a multidisciplinary team approach

Design:

Retrospective chart review of all noncancer patients with life-limiting diseases referred to palliative specialist clinic at a tertiary hospital in Hong Kong over a 4-year period.

Results:

Over the study period, a total of 566 noncancer patients were seen, 119 of them completed their own DNR directives. Patients had a mean age of 74.9. Top 3 diagnoses were chronic renal failure (37%), congestive heart failure (16%), and motor neuron disease (11%). Forty-two percent of patients signed their DNR directives at first clinic attendance. Most Chinese patients (76.5%) invited family caregivers at DNR decision-making, especially for female gender (84.4% vs 69.1%; P = .047) and older (age >75) age group (86.2% vs 66.7%; P = .012). Of the 40 deceased patients, median time from signed directives to death was 5 months. Vast majority (95%) had their DNR directives being honored.

Conclusion:

Health-care workers should be sensitive toward the cultural influence during advance care planning. Role of family for ethnic Chinese remains crucial and professionals should respect this family oriented decision-making.
Cultural intelligence and work engagement of expatriate academics: The role of psychological needs satisfaction
Authors: Ramalu Subramaniam Sri , Subramaniam Chandrakantan
Published: February 2019

Cultural intelligence (CQ) has received considerable research attention in studies on expatriates. However, most of the studies on this have been conducted on business expatriates, neglecting other types of expatriates, such as self-initiated expatriate academics. The growing number of expatriate academics taking up faculty positions in universities in an upper middle-income economy, like Malaysia, which is known for its complex cultural, racial, and religious diversity, has posed greater challenges to human resource managers of the respective universities. This study aims to examine the direct and indirect effects of CQ on work engagement (WE) with the presence of psychological needs satisfaction (PNS) as a mediating factor. Using a sample of 152 expatriate academics employed in 20 Malaysian public universities, it is found that PNS partially mediates the relationship between CQ and WE. In other words, the relationship between CQ and WE is both direct and indirect and mediated through PNS. The findings give rise to a number of implications, both theoretical and practical, in cross-cultural management research.
Long-Term Hemodynamic Effects After Carotid Artery Revascularization
Authors: Lim Sungho , Javorski Michael J. , Nassoiy Sean P. , Park Yaeji , Halandras Pegge M. , Bechara Carlos F. , Aulivola Bernadette , Crisostomo Paul R.
Published: February 2019

Objective:

The baroreceptor at the carotid body plays an important role in hemodynamic autoregulation. Manipulation of the baroreceptor during carotid endarterectomy (CEA) or radial force from carotid artery angioplasty and/or stenting (CAS) may cause both intraoperative and postoperative hemodynamic instability. The purpose of this study is to evaluate the long-term effects of CEA and CAS on blood pressure (BP), heart rate (HR), and subsequent changes on antihypertensive medications.

Methods:

A retrospective chart review was performed to identify patients who underwent CEA or CAS between 2009 and 2015 at a single tertiary care institution. Baseline demographics and comorbidities were recorded. Operative details of the carotid artery endarterectomy and the use of balloon angioplasty during the CAS were analyzed. Hemodynamic parameters such as BP, HR, and antihypertensive medication requirement were evaluated at 3, 6, 12, 24, and 36 months.

Results:

A total of 289 patients were identified. The average age was 70.6 years old, and males constituted 64.0%. All patients had moderate (>50%) to severe (>70%) carotid stenosis. Of those, 111 (40.5%) patients were symptomatic. Systolic BP (mm Hg) of CAS and CEA were similar over the entire follow-up period. Heart rate (beats/min) remained stable postoperatively. A reduced number of antihypertensive medications was observed in the CAS cohort during the first postoperative year when compared to the preoperative baseline: 2.03 at preop, 1.77 ( P < .01) at 3 months, 1.78 ( P = .02) at 6 months, 1.77 ( P = .02) at 12 months, 1.86 ( P = .09) at 24 months, and 2.03 ( P = =.50) at 36 months. Logistic regression analysis identified that CAS (odds ratio [OR]: 2.52, confidence interval [CI]: 1.09-5.83) and multiple (>2) antihypertensive medication use at baseline (OR: 5.89, CI: 2.62-13.26) were predictors for a reduction in the number of antihypertensive medications following carotid revascularization.

Conclusion:

Surgical intervention for carotid stenosis poses a risk of postoperative hemodynamic dysregulation. Although postoperative BP and HR remained relatively stable after both CAS and CEA, the number of postoperative antihypertensive medications was reduced in the CAS cohort for the first postoperative year when compared to baseline. Patients with multiple antihypertensive agents undergoing CAS should have close postoperative BP monitoring and should be monitored for a possible reduction in their antihypertensive medication regimen.
The Influence of Primary Motor Cortex Inhibition on Upper Limb Impairment and Function in Chronic Stroke: A Multimodal Study
Authors: Mooney Ronan A. , Ackerley Suzanne J. , Rajeswaran Deshan K. , Cirillo John , Barber P. Alan , Stinear Cathy M. , Byblow Winston D.
Published: February 2019

Background. Stroke is a leading cause of adult disability owing largely to motor impairment and loss of function. After stroke, there may be abnormalities in γ-aminobutyric acid (GABA)-mediated inhibitory function within primary motor cortex (M1), which may have implications for residual motor impairment and the potential for functional improvements at the chronic stage. Objective. To quantify GABA neurotransmission and concentration within ipsilesional and contralesional M1 and determine if they relate to upper limb impairment and function at the chronic stage of stroke. Methods. Twelve chronic stroke patients and 16 age-similar controls were recruited for the study. Upper limb impairment and function were assessed with the Fugl-Meyer Upper Extremity Scale and Action Research Arm Test. Threshold tracking paired-pulse transcranial magnetic stimulation protocols were used to examine short- and long-interval intracortical inhibition and late cortical disinhibition. Magnetic resonance spectroscopy was used to evaluate GABA concentration. Results. Short-interval intracortical inhibition was similar between patients and controls ( P = .10). Long-interval intracortical inhibition was greater in ipsilesional M1 compared with controls ( P < .001). Patients who did not exhibit late cortical disinhibition in ipsilesional M1 were those with greater upper limb impairment and worse function ( P = .002 and P = .017). GABA concentration was lower within ipsilesional ( P = .009) and contralesional ( P = .021) M1 compared with controls, resulting in an elevated excitation-inhibition ratio for patients. Conclusion. These findings indicate that ipsilesional and contralesional M1 GABAergic inhibition are altered in this small cohort of chronic stroke patients. Further study is warranted to determine how M1 inhibitory networks might be targeted to improve motor function.
High-speed railway perimeter intrusion detection approach based on Internet of Things
Authors: Xie Zhengyu , Qin Yong
Published: February 2019

Efficient perimeter intrusion detection approach is vital to safety management of China high-speed railway. In this article, for high-speed railway perimeter intrusion detection problem, a perimeter intrusion detection framework based on Internet of Things is designed to integrate different detection sensors. A data fusion algorithm was proposed to fuse multisensor data for improving detection precision. Computational results of normal condition and severe weather environment show our approach is effective and efficient for high-speed railway perimeter intrusion detection under Internet of Things, and is significant for safety management of China high-speed railway.
Cost-efficient inter-robot delivery for resource-constrained and interdependent multi-robot schedules
Authors: Chen Yin , Mao Xinjun , Yang Shuo , Wang Qiuzhen
Published: February 2019

A multi-robot system in resource-constrained environments needs to obtain resources for task execution. Typically, resources can be fetched from fixed stations, which, however, can be costly and even impossible when fixed stations are unavailable, depleted or distant from task execution locations. We present a method that allows robots to acquire urgently required resources from those robots with superfluous residual resources, by conducting rendezvouses with these robots. We consider a scenario where tasks are organised into a schedule on each robot for sequential execution, with cross-schedule dependencies for inter-robot collaboration. We design an algorithm to systematically generate such rendezvouses for entire multi-robot system to increase the proportion of tasks whose resource demands are satisfied. We also design an algorithm that periodically reallocates tasks among robots to improve the cost-efficiency of schedules. Our experiment shows the synergetic effectiveness of both algorithms, when fixed stations are unavailable and all resources are fetched through inter-robot delivery. We also investigate the effectiveness of inter-robot delivery in scenarios where fixed stations are existent but distant from the locations of tasks.
Communities and Conservation: Marula Trees (Sclerocarya birrea subsp. caffra) Under Communal Management at Matiyane Village, Limpopo Province, South Africa
Authors: Sinthumule Ndidzulafhi Innocent , Mzamani Leonard Colbert Mbhoni
Published: February 2019

Sclerocarya birrea subsp. caffra (Marula) is widely used throughout its natural distribution range by rural populations to meet livelihoods requirements. Every part of the tree, including the fruits, branches, stem and roots, provides goods and services of high cultural, social, and economic importance. Its usefulness and unique properties have encouraged local people to retain S. birrea in communal areas. However, there is a paucity of data quantifying the role of local communities in conserving S. birrea. This study quantifies the role of local communities in protecting S. birrea in 300 randomly selected households in Matiyane Village, Limpopo Province, South Africa. The study found that the majority of the respondents (92%; N = 276) are positive about the conservation of S. birrea. Most importantly, the respondents play a significant role in the protection of S. birrea in the village. Management strategies and factors responsible for the protection of S. birrea in communal land are discussed.
Genetic risk factors for eating disorders: an update and insights into pathophysiology
Authors: Himmerich Hubertus , Bentley Jessica , Kan Carol , Treasure Janet
Published: February 2019

Genome-wide-association studies (GWASs), epigenetic, gene-expression and gene–gene interaction projects, nutritional genomics and investigations of the gut microbiota have increased our knowledge of the pathophysiology of eating disorders (EDs). However, compared with anorexia nervosa, genetic studies in patients with bulimia nervosa and binge-eating disorder are relatively scarce, with the exception of a few formal genetic and small-sized candidate–gene-association studies. In this article, we review important findings derived from formal and molecular genetics in order to outline a genetics-based pathophysiological model of EDs. This model takes into account environmental and nutritional factors, genetic factors related to the microbiome, the metabolic and endocrine system, the immune system, and the brain, in addition to phenotypical traits of EDs. Shortcomings and advantages of genetic research in EDs are discussed against the historical background, but also in light of potential future treatment options for patients with EDs.
A qualitative study of the impact of plexiform neurofibromas on need fulfilment in adults with neurofibromatosis type 1
Authors: Heaney Alice , Wilburn Jeanette , Langmead Shannon , Blakeley Jaishri , Huson Susan , Jim Carly , McKenna Stephen P
Published: February 2019

Objective:

To explore the impact of plexiform neurofibromas on the lives of adults with neurofibromatosis type 1.

Background:

Neurofibromatosis type 1 is a complex neurogenetic syndrome that affects many aspects of health and functioning. A common manifestation of neurofibromatosis type 1 is plexiform neurofibromas, non-cancerous tumours that can cause disfigurement, pain and neurologic disability. Patient-reported outcome measures used in this condition have addressed symptoms and functional ability but not how the condition affects patients’ lives, particularly, their ability to meet their human needs.

Methods:

Unstructured qualitative interviews were conducted with adults with neurofibromatosis type 1–associated plexiform neurofibromas in the United Kingdom and United States. Interviewees were encouraged to describe how plexiform neurofibromas affected their ability to meet their needs. Interviews were audio-recorded and transcribed verbatim. The UK and US transcripts were combined and theoretical thematic analysis was conducted.

Results:

In all, 42 interviews (United Kingdom = 20, United States = 22) were conducted. Transcripts revealed 696 statements on the impact of plexiform neurofibromas on need fulfilment. Five major themes emerged: appearance, relationships, independence, role fulfilment and pleasure.

Conclusion:

Neurofibromatosis type 1–associated plexiform neurofibromas have a major effect on individuals’ ability to meet their needs. An understanding of need fulfilment will complement information generated from traditional patient-reported outcome measures, particularly in a multi-faceted syndrome such as neurofibromatosis type 1.
The challenges and benefits of analyzing feedback comments in surveys: Lessons from a cross-national online survey of small-scale cannabis growers
Authors: Decorte Tom , Malm Aili , Sznitman Sharon R , Hakkarainen Pekka , Barratt Monica J , Potter Gary R , Werse Bernd , Kamphausen Gerrit , Lenton Simon , Asmussen Frank Vibeke
Published: February 2019

It is common practice in survey questionnaires to include a general open and non-directive feedback question at the end, but the analysis of this type of data is rarely discussed in the methodological literature. While these open-ended comments can be useful, most researchers fail to report on this issue. The aim of this article is to illustrate and reflect upon the benefits and challenges of analyzing responses to open-ended feedback questions. The article describes the experiences of coding and analyzing data generated through a feedback question at the end of an international online survey with small-scale cannabis cultivators carried out by the Global Cannabis Cultivation Research Consortium. After describing the design and dataset of the web survey, the analytical approach and coding frame are presented. The analytical strategies chosen in this study illustrate the diversity and complexity of feedback comments which pose methodological challenges to researchers wishing to use them for data analyses. In this article, three types of feedback comments (political/policy comments, general comments of positive and negative appreciation, and methodological comments) are used to illustrate the difficulties and advantages of analyzing this type of data. The advantages of analyzing feedback comments are well known, but they seem to be rarely exploited. General feedback questions at the end of surveys are typically non-directive. If researchers want to use these data for research and analyses, they need a clear strategy. They ought to give enough thought to why they are including this type of question, and develop an analytical strategy at the design stage of the study.
Lean Intrapreneurship for Networked Manufacturing Enterprises
Authors: Atari Sina , Prause Gunnar
Published: February 2019

Manufacturing processes are usually imbedded in cross-company value and supply chains. Most manufacturing companies are currently encountering the obligation to react on their rapidly changing network environments. For companies, which are willing to remain competitive and to keep their position in the global business environment, continuous improvement and innovation of production system processes has become a necessity. Lean manufacturing and lean thinking represent meanwhile traditional frameworks for improving the performance for production systems in various industries. But not all production companies succeed with their implementation efforts towards lean manufacturing and performance improvements due to failures in organisational topics, especially at the interfaces within supply chains. Lean start-up theory and its methodologies represent success factors for organisational development paving the way to intrapreneurial and innovation concepts in a lean management influenced by lean thinking. Modern manufacturing concepts which are embracing networked enterprises are emphasising approaches for production in networks. The article investigates the innovation shortcoming in the lean manufacturing framework; organisational development in the context of intrapreneurship in a case study of a modular manufacturing company which is based on a smart and lean production concept. The research is empirically validated by using data samples from a business reengineering project in an internationally operating high-tech manufacturing enterprise from Estonia. The empiric analysis is based on semi-structured expert interview data and secondary data revealing the synergies between lean practice bundles and networked production enterprises in the context of intrapreneurship.
Distribution of Cr3+between octahedral and tetrahedral sites in synthetic blue and green (CaMgSi2O6)95(CaCrAlSiO6)5diopsides
Authors: Akasaka Masahide , Takasu Yohei , Handa Makoto , Nagashima Mariko , Hamada Maki , Ejima Terumi
Published: February 2019

The distribution of Cr3+ions in blue and green diopsides crystallised from a glass with the composition [CaMgSi2O6(Di)]95[CaCrAlSiO6(CrAlTs)]5(mol.%) was determined using Rietveld refinement of X-ray diffraction data in order to evaluate published results by optical spectroscopic analysis, and to clarify the influence of Cr3+–Al3+distribution between the octahedralM1 and tetrahedralTsites on the crystal structure. The starting material was Di95CrAlTs5-diopside crystallised from glass at 800°C for 2 days. After another 19 days at 800°C and 1000°C for 7 days, the diopsides remained blue. The blue diopside gradually changed to bluish green by heating at 1200°C for 3 days and to green after 7 days. The stoichiometric compositions of the synthesised phases were confirmed by electron microprobe analysis. The Cr occupancies refined by the Rietveld method resulted in the site populations in theM1 andTsites:M1[Mg0.95Cr0.030(4)Al0.020]T[Si1.950Cr0.020Al0.030] andM1[Mg0.95Cr0.037(4)Al0.013]T[Si1.950Cr0.013Al0.037] (per 6 oxygens) for the blue diopsides at 800 and 1000°C, respectively:M1[Mg0.95Cr0.042(3)Al0.008]T[Si1.950Cr0.008Al0.042] for the bluish green diopside at 1200°C for 3 days; andM1[Mg0.95Cr0.049(3)Al0.001]T[Si1.950Cr0.001Al0.049] for the green diopside at 1200°C for 7 days. Such Cr and Al distributions effect the volumes and site distortions of the octahedral and tetrahedral coordination polyhedra: theTO4tetrahedron volumes of the blue diopsides (2.251–2.258 Å3) are larger than that of the green diopside (2.237 Å3); theM1O6octahedron volumes of the former (11.74–11.77 Å3) are smaller than that of the latter (11.86 Å3); theTO4tetrahedra in the blue diopside (<λtet> =1.006; σθ(tet)2= 24.37–24.69) are less distorted than that of the green diopside (<λtet> = 1.007; σθ(tet)2= 27.94); theM1O6octahedra in the former (<λoct> =1.006; σθ(oct)2= 20.39–21.13) are more distorted than that of the latter (<λoct> = 1.005; σθ(oct)2= 17.58).
PHF6 regulates hematopoietic stem and progenitor cells and its loss synergizes with expression of TLX3 to cause leukemia
Authors: McRae Helen M. , Garnham Alexandra L. , Hu Yifang , Witkowski Matthew T. , Corbett Mark A. , Dixon Mathew P. , May Rose E. , Sheikh Bilal N. , Chiang William , Kueh Andrew J. , Nguyen Tan A. , Man Kevin , Gloury Renee , Aubrey Brandon J. , Policheni Antonia , Di Rago Ladina , Alexander Warren S. , Gray Daniel H. D. , Strasser Andreas , Hawkins Edwin D. , Wilcox Stephen , Gécz Jozef , Kallies Axel , McCormack Matthew P. , Smyth Gordon K. , Voss Anne K. , Thomas Tim
Published: February 2019

Somatically acquired mutations in PHF6 (plant homeodomain finger 6) frequently occur in hematopoietic malignancies and often coincide with ectopic expression of TLX3. However, there is no functional evidence to demonstrate whether these mutations contribute to tumorigenesis. Similarly, the role of PHF6 in hematopoiesis is unknown. We report here that Phf6 deletion in mice resulted in a reduced number of hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs), an increased number of hematopoietic progenitor cells, and an increased proportion of cycling stem and progenitor cells. Loss of PHF6 caused increased and sustained hematopoietic reconstitution in serial transplantation experiments. Interferon-stimulated gene expression was upregulated in the absence of PHF6 in hematopoietic stem and progenitor cells. The numbers of hematopoietic progenitor cells and cycling hematopoietic stem and progenitor cells were restored to normal by combined loss of PHF6 and the interferon α and β receptor subunit 1. Ectopic expression of TLX3 alone caused partially penetrant leukemia. TLX3 expression and loss of PHF6 combined caused fully penetrant early-onset leukemia. Our data suggest that PHF6 is a hematopoietic tumor suppressor and is important for fine-tuning hematopoietic stem and progenitor cell homeostasis.
Peripheral serotonin causes dengue virus–induced thrombocytopenia through 5HT2 receptors
Authors: Masri Mohamad Fadhli Bin , Mantri Chinmay Kumar , Rathore Abhay P. S. , John Ashley L. St.
Published: February 2019

Dengue virus (DENV) is the most prevalent vector-borne viral pathogen, infecting millions of patients annually. Thrombocytopenia, a reduction in circulating platelet counts, is the most consistent sign of DENV-induced disease, independent of disease severity. However, the mechanisms leading to DENV-induced thrombocytopenia are unknown. Here, we show that thrombocytopenia is caused by serotonin derived from mast cells (MCs), which are immune cells that are present in the perivascular space and are a major peripheral source of serotonin. We show that during DENV infection, MCs release serotonin, which prompts platelet activation, aggregation, and enhanced phagocytosis, dependent on 5HT2A receptors. MC deficiency in mice or pharmacologic inhibition of MCs reversed thrombocytopenia. Furthermore, reconstitution of MC-deficient mice with wild-type MCs, but not MCs lacking serotonin synthesis resulting from deficiency in the enzyme tryptophan hydroxylase-1, restored the thrombocytopenic phenotype. Exogenous serotonin was also sufficient to overcome the effects of drugs that inhibit platelet activation in vitro and to restore thrombocytopenia in DENV-infected MC-deficient mice. Therapeutic targeting of 5HT2A receptors during DENV infection effectively prevented thrombocytopenia in mice. Similarly, serotonin derived from DENV-activated human MCs led to increased human platelet activation. Thus, MC-derived serotonin is a previously unidentified mechanism of DENV-induced thrombocytopenia and a potential therapeutic target.
Altered NFE2 activity predisposes to leukemic transformation and myelosarcoma with AML-specific aberrations
Authors: Jutzi Jonas Samuel , Basu Titiksha , Pellmann Maximilian , Kaiser Sandra , Steinemann Doris , Sanders Mathijs A. , Hinai Adil S. A. , Zeilemaker Annelieke , Bojtine Kovacs Sarolta , Koellerer Christoph , Ostendorp Jenny , Aumann Konrad , Wang Wei , Raffoux Emmanuel , Cassinat Bruno , Bullinger Lars , Schlegelberger Brigitte , Valk Peter J. M. , Pahl Heike Luise
Published: February 2019

In acute myeloid leukemia (AML), acquired genetic aberrations carry prognostic implications and guide therapeutic decisions. Clinical algorithms have been improved by the incorporation of novel aberrations. Here, we report the presence and functional characterization of mutations in the transcription factor NFE2 in patients with AML and in a patient with myelosarcoma. We previously described NFE2 mutations in patients with myeloproliferative neoplasms and demonstrated that expression of mutant NFE2 in mice causes a myeloproliferative phenotype. Now, we show that, during follow-up, 34% of these mice transform to leukemia presenting with or without concomitant myelosarcomas, or develop isolated myelosarcomas. These myelosarcomas and leukemias acquired AML-specific alterations, including the murine equivalent of trisomy 8, loss of the AML commonly deleted region on chromosome 5q, and mutations in the tumor suppressor Trp53. Our data show that mutations in NFE2 predispose to the acquisition of secondary changes promoting the development of myelosarcoma and/or AML.
Maintaining extraembryonic expression allows generation of mice with severe tissue factor pathway inhibitor deficiency
Authors: Castillo Michelle M. , Yang Qiuhui , Zhan Min , Pan Amy Y. , Lawlor Michael W. , Mast Alan E. , Sood Rashmi
Published: February 2019

Tissue factor pathway inhibitor (TFPI) is a serine protease with multiple anticoagulant activities. The Kunitz1 (K1) domain of TFPI binds the active site of factor VIIa and is required for inhibition of tissue factor (TF)/factor VIIa catalytic activity. Mice lacking TFPI K1 domain die in utero. TFPI is highly expressed on trophoblast cells of the placenta. We used genetic strategies to selectively ablate exon 4 encoding TFPI K1 domain in the embryo, while maintaining expression in trophoblast cells. This approach resulted in expected Mendelian frequency of TFPI K1 domain–deficient mice. Real-time polymerase chain reaction confirmed 95% to 99% genetic deletion and a similar reduction in transcript expression. Western blotting confirmed the presence of a truncated protein instead of full-length TFPI. Mice with severe TFPI K1 deficiency exhibited elevated thrombin-antithrombin (TAT) levels, frequent fibrin deposition in renal medulla, and increased susceptibility to TF-induced pulmonary embolism. They were fertile, and most lived normal life spans without any overt thrombotic events. Of 43 mice observed, 2 displayed extensive brain ischemia and infarction. We conclude that in contrast to complete absence of TFPI K1 domain, severe deficiency is compatible with in utero development, adult survival, and reproductive functions in mice. Inhibition of TFPI activity is being evaluated as a means of boosting thrombin generation in hemophilia patients. Our results show that in mice severe reduction of TFPI K1 activity is associated with a prothrombotic state without overt developmental outcomes. We note fibrin deposits in the kidney and rare cases of brain ischemia.
RETRACTED ARTICLE: Research on the perfection of the countermeasures of the judicial execution scheme in the administrative law system based on annealing algorithm
Authors: Qu Jiangze
Published: February 2019

With the continuous development of computer technology and the popularization and application of various types of intelligent algorithms, there are also applications in the current administrative judicial system in China. In order to be able to reasonably realize the fairness of criminal justice activities, the relevant deficiencies in the implementation of the supervision of criminal penalty enforcement are made up. In order to reasonably improve the execution plan, the legal authority of judicial administration is established. The implementation of the judicial enforcement program in the administrative law system is researched based on the annealing algorithm. The optimization of the annealing algorithm is used to optimize the execution of the program flow. The results show that the annealing algorithm can optimize this solution.
Early detection of pre-malignant lesions in a KRASG12D-driven mouse lung cancer model by monitoring circulating free DNA
Authors: Rakhit Callum P. , Trigg Ricky M. , Le Quesne John , Kelly Michael , Shaw Jacqueline A. , Pritchard Catrin , Martins L. Miguel
Published: February 2019

Lung cancer is the leading cause of cancer-related death. Two-thirds of cases are diagnosed at an advanced stage that is refractory to curative treatment. Therefore, strategies for the early detection of lung cancer are urgently sought. Total circulating free DNA (cfDNA) and tumour-derived circulating tumour DNA (ctDNA) are emerging as important biomarkers within a ‘liquid biopsy’ for monitoring human disease progression and response to therapy. Owing to the late clinical diagnosis of lung adenocarcinoma, the potential for cfDNA and ctDNA as early detection biomarkers remains unexplored. Here, using a Cre-regulated genetically engineered mouse model of lung adenocarcinoma development, driven by KrasG12D (the KrasLSL-G12D mouse), we serially tracked the release of cfDNA/ctDNA and compared this with tumour burden as determined by micro-computed tomography (CT). To monitor ctDNA, a droplet digital PCR assay was developed to permit discrimination of the KrasLox-G12D allele from the KrasLSL-G12D and KrasWT alleles. We show that micro-CT correlates with endpoint histology and is able to detect pre-malignant tumours with a combined volume larger than 7 mm3. Changes in cfDNA/ctDNA levels correlate with micro-CT measurements in longitudinal sampling and are able to monitor the emergence of lesions before the adenoma-adenocarcinoma transition. Potentially, this work has implications for the early detection of human lung adenocarcinoma using ctDNA/cfDNA profiling.

A video abstract for this article is available at https://youtu.be/Ku8xJJyGs3U.

This article has an associated First Person interview with the joint first authors of the paper.
Studies on gas exchange in the meadow spittlebug,Philaenus spumarius: the metabolic cost of feeding on, and living in, xylem sap
Authors: Beckett Kephra I. S. , Robertson Anne B. , Matthews Philip G. D.
Published: February 2019

Spittlebugs (superfamily Cercopoidea) live within a mass of frothy, spittle-like foam that is produced as a by-product of their xylem-feeding habits. The wet spittle represents a unique respiratory environment for an insect, potentially acting either as a reserve of trapped oxygen (O2) or as a significant barrier to O2 diffusion from the surrounding atmosphere. Feeding on xylem sap under tension is also assumed to be energetically expensive, potentially placing further constraints on their gas exchange. To understand the respiratory strategies used by spittlebugs, this study measured the PO2 within the spittle of the meadow spittlebug, Philaenus spumarius, as well as the non-feeding metabolic rate (RMR) and respiratory quotient (RQ) of both nymphs and adults. The metabolic rate of nymphs feeding on xylem was also measured. In separate experiments, the ability of a nymph to obtain O2 from bubbles while submerged in foam was determined using a glass microscope slide coated in an O2-sensitive fluorophore. We determined that P. spumarius breathes atmospheric O2 by extending the tip of its abdomen outside of its spittle, rather than respiring the O2 trapped in air bubbles within the foam. However, spittlebugs can temporarily use these air bubbles to breathe when forcibly submerged. V̇O2 and V̇CO2 did not differ statistically within life stages, giving a RQ of 0.92 for nymphs and 0.95 for adults. Feeding on xylem was found to increase the nymphs' V̇CO2 by only 20% above their RMR. From this cost of feeding, cibarial pump pressures were estimated to be between −0.05 and −0.26 MPa.
Biometric and genetic differences in kelabau (Osteochilus spp.) as revealed using cytochrome c oxidase subunit 1
Authors: Asiah Nur , Junianto Junianto , Yustiati Ayi , Sukendi Sukendi , Fahmi Melta Rini , Muchlisin Zainal A. , Kadapi Muhamad
Published: February 2019

Background: Kelabau (Osteochilus spp.) is a freshwater fish commonly found in the rivers of Riau, Indonesia. Researchers believe that these are Osteochilus kelabau; however, accurate taxonomic determination of these fish in Riau waters has not been made. The purpose of this study was to facilitate the identification of the kelabau based on its morphology and genetics using biometric and cytochrome c oxidase subunit 1 (CO1) analyses, respectively.

Methods: Fish samples were collected from the Siak, Kampar and Rokan rivers in Riau Province, Indonesia. The DNA of 90 fish was extracted from the caudal fins using a DNA extraction kit, after which it was amplified using primers Fish-F1 and Fish-R1. Sequencing was conducted by Applied Biosystems Macrogen Korea, and the DNA sequences were then edited and aligned using MEGA v. 7. All samples were BLAST-searched for identification using the National Center for Biotechnology Information and BOLD System. Phylogenetic trees were constructed, and similarity index was calculated using accession numbers AP011385.1 and KC631202.1 in GenBank.

Results: Analysis of the consensus barcode sequence for 86 species revealed a high percentage of barcode matches (96%–97% in GenBank and 96.6%–96.76% in the BOLD System). The nucleotide distance between groups of kelabau from the different rivers based on the Kimura 2-parameter model gave the following results: 0.05% between groups from the Siak and Kampar rivers, 0.09% between those from the Siak and Rokan rivers and 0.05% between those from the Kampar and Rokan rivers. The nucleotide distance between the groups in the Siak (0.09%), Kampar (0.00%) and Rokan (0.10%) Rivers indicated that the kelabau in those rivers were related to each other.

Conclusions: Based on the results of the research data using CO1 and biometric analyses, the kelabau were confirmed to be O. melanopleurus.
Water management systems and water use
Authors: Раткович Лев , Ratkovich Lev , Маркин Вячеслав , Markin Vyacheslav , Бакштанин Александр , Bakshtanin Aleksandr , Беглярова Эвелина , Beglyarova Evelina , Бубер Александр , Buber Aleksandr , Галямина Ирина , Galyamina Irina , Глазунова Ирина , Glazunova Irina , Дмитриева Альбина , Dmitrieva Al'bina , Жабин Виктор , Zhabin Viktor , Козлов Дмитрий , Kozlov Dmitriy , Соколова Светлана , Belyaev Mihail , Федоров Сергей , Fedorov Sergey
Published: February 2019

The textbook deals with the issues studied in the disciplines related to the use and management of water resources, protection of water bodies, combating the negative impact of water. Attention is paid to the history of water management systems, the methodology of their research, the monitoring of water bodies and the basics of water management design.
Meets the requirements of the Federal state educational standards of higher education of the last generation.
The textbook provides the basic discipline of the professional cycle of bachelor's degree 20.03.02 and master's degree 20.04.02 "environmental engineering and water use", and can also be used as additional literature in the study of disciplines "Management of water systems" and "water quality Management".
The textbook is of interest to specialists in the field of water management, ecology of water bodies and rational water use. It may also be useful for graduates of related construction specialties 08.03.01 "Construction" and 08.05.01 "construction of unique buildings and structures."
Foreign Policy of the Polish People’s Republic on Mexico 1945-1989
Authors: Fatalski Marcin
Published: February 2019

In the period between 1945-1989, Polish-Mexican relations were determined by the Cold War rivalry. Poland remained in the Soviet sphere of influence and its sovereignty was limited by Moscow. Although controlled by the Kremlin, Poland had its own initiatives in foreign policy. Warsaw considered Mexico to be the most important partner in Latin America (not to mention the communist ally, Castro of Cuba), thus Polish diplomacy made many efforts to strengthen mutual political, cultural and economic relations. Mexico, with its independent foreign policy, progressive state ideology and tremendous market, seemed a particularly valuable partner in Latin America to the Polish communist leaders. The climax of Polish diplomatic initiatives occurred in the 1970s. Mexico was also interested in cooperation with Poland, especially in its economic dimension but the result of the efforts was mixed. The poor performance of Polish-Mexican economic relations when compared with the Mexican commercial exchange with other East European countries proves that the efforts of the Polish government in the economic sphere were rather futile. Political relations were good, however geopolitically both countries belonged to different spheres. The special, independent position of Mexico in world politics made such friendly relations possible.
Selected Aspects of Polish-Mexican Relations on the Political, Economic and Cultural-Scientific Level in the 21st Century
Authors: Łapaj-Kucharska Justyna
Published: February 2019

Polish-Mexican relations on the political, economic, cultural and scientific levels have developed over the decades. The first political contacts between our two countries, after Poland regained its independence, were established in the 1920s. However, interstate contacts have not been developed on a larger scale. This was due, among others, to the fact that the Latin American countries did not occupy a priority position in Polish foreign policy neither before or after World War II. After 1990, Mexico became one of Poland’s most important Latin American partners. The Polish-Mexican trade exchange has been growing systematically. In 2015, it exceeded USD 1 billion for the first time in history. In April 2017 the first, historic visit at the highest level of the President of the Republic of Poland, Andrzej Duda, took place in Mexico. It was a positive manifestation of the need to strengthen relations at the highest level and to testify the political will to intensify Poland’s relations with Mexico. In the second decade of the 21st century, we can talk about a “new opening” in Polish-Mexican relations. This manifests itself in both political and economic as well as cultural and scientific contacts. This article shows the most important manifestations of Poland’s relations with Mexico in the first and second decade of the 21st century with some references to previous years.
‘I'll never be the same’: the impact of an international elective
Authors: Carter Chris , Hunt Barbara Howard , Mukonka Priscar Sakala , Viveash Sue , Notter Joy , Toner Louise
Published: February 2019

Background:

many undergraduate student nurses have the opportunity to undertake an international elective—that is, a placement in another country. The benefits of undertaking an elective include developing cultural competence, understanding different healthcare systems and experiencing a different culture.

Aim:

the aim of the study was to evaluate the impact of a faculty-structured international travel elective to Zambia for undergraduate UK nursing students.

Methods:

a descriptive phenomenology approach was used to discover and explore the students' experiences of their elective.

Findings:

6 students participated in semi-structured interviews. Themes that emerged included the importance of preparing for the elective, different nursing cultures, realities and patient safety concerns.

Conclusion:

this study found that students involved in an international elective to Zambia overall had a positive experience but did report some challenges; the findings contribute to the body of evidence relating to international electives.
Nutrition and hydration in palliative care
Authors: Hurlow Adam
Published: February 2019

Anorexia, weight loss and muscle wasting commonly affect people approaching the end of life. It is critical that clinicians caring for people with advanced illness and progressive frailty can assess the nutritional and hydration needs of these people, engage them in shared decision making and support them to plan ahead regarding their nutritional care preferences as their health deteriorates.
RSE and SEND
Authors: Emmerson Lucy
Published: February 2019

As part of statutory relationships and sex education, schools will need to ensure that the needs of children with SEND are met. Lucy Emmerson advises
Found in translation: Rethinking the relationship between fan translation groups and licensed distributors of anime and manga
Authors: Tremblay Alyssa
Published: February 2019

This article examines contemporary systems, both legal and illegal, of anime and manga translation and distribution to English-speaking audiences. Rather than lumping fan translation in with practices such as fanart, cosplay or fan fiction, this article argues for a different understanding of the particularized labour of fan-operated anime and manga translation groups. Specifically, the continued existence of fan translation groups is considered indicative of consumers attempting to fill a gap in service not satisfied by licensed industry players – and fan translation itself as a practice born of consumer desire and perceived necessity, rather than creative or transformative expression.
Mortars with addition of local industrial by-products
Authors: Ćećez Marko , Šahinagić-Isović Merima
Published: February 2019

Results obtained by studying the possibility of replacing cement in mortars with local industrial by-products, i.e. with silica fume and red mud, are provided in the paper. The results of fresh and hardened mortar properties tests conducted on five mixtures in two series are presented. 10% of cement was replaced with silica fume, and 0%, 5%, 10%, 15% and 20% of cement weight was replaced with red mud. The first series was tested after 28 days of curing, and the second series was subjected to freezing and thawing cycles after proper curing, and then submitted to testing. The results point to satisfactory behaviour of mixtures with a low red mud content.
Surveillance Colonoscopy for Ulcerative Colitis-Associated Colorectal Cancer Offers Better Overall Survival in Real-World Surgically Resected Cases
Authors: Hata Keisuke , Anzai Hiroyuki , Ikeuchi Hiroki , Futami Kitaro , Fukushima Kouhei , Sugita Akira , Uchino Motoi , Higashi Daijiro , Itabashi Michio , Watanabe Kazuhiro , Koganei Kazutaka , Araki Toshimitsu , Kimura Hideaki , Mizushima Tsunekazu , Ueda Takeshi , Ishihara Soichiro , Suzuki Yasuo ,   on behalf of the Research Group for Intractable Inflammatory Bowel Disease of the Ministry of Health, Labour and Welfare of Japan (RGIBD)
Published: February 2019

OBJECTIVES:

To determine the effectiveness of surveillance colonoscopy (SC) and optimize its use by assessing real-world surgically resected cases of ulcerative colitis (UC)-associated colorectal cancer (CRC) and dysplasia.

METHODS:

Clinicopathological data of 406 (238 CRC and 168 dysplasia) patients who underwent surgical resection in 10 UC specialized institutions were retrospectively reviewed. The overall survival (OS) rates were compared between the SC and non-SC groups. The incidence of and risk factors for early-onset CRC (<8 years after UC onset) were identified. The distribution of CRC lesions was also assessed.

RESULTS:

Cancer stages were significantly more advanced in the non-SC group than in the SC group (P < 0.001). The patients in the SC group showed significantly better OS than those in the non-SC group (5-year OS: 89% vs 70%; log-rank test: P = 0.001). Seventeen percent of patients developed CRC within 8 years after UC onset. The age at UC onset was a risk factor and a good predictor of early-onset CRC (<8 years) (P < 0.01; AUC: 0.85). The most common sites of CRC were the rectum (51%) and sigmoid colon (20%). Multiple CRC was identified in 16% of patients.

CONCLUSIONS:

Surveillance colonoscopy was effective and improved the OS in patients with UC. We recommend that patients with late-onset UC (>40 years) undergo SCs earlier because of the high incidence of CRC within 8 years of UC onset. Moreover, the rectum and sigmoid colon should be more thoroughly examined.