bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Governança e ordenamento territorial na atualidade: uma análise do estado de São Paulo
Authors: Fuini Lucas Labigalini
Published: April 2022

Este trabalho visa compreender o funcionamento das diversas modalidades de governança e ordenamento de territórios alvo de políticas públicas no estado de São Paulo/Brasil, considerando a experiência de inovações institucionais criadas para atender a demandas setoriais no quadro da experiência de descentralização político-administrativa em território brasileiro. Assim, destacamos em uma análise quantitativa e qualitativa os exemplos dos Comitês de Bacias Hidrográficas, para auxiliar na gestão territorial das águas; das Câmaras Setoriais, com a gestão do agronegócio; os Arranjos Produtivos Locais, com a gestão da política industrial e de desenvolvimento de pequenas empresas e os Circuitos turísticos, com a gestão do turismo. Compreende-se a governança dos territórios como modalidades de coordenação parciais e provisórias de programas de desenvolvimento envolvendo atores públicos, privados e da sociedade civil atrelados a determinados segmentos de atividade econômica e social, envoltas em relações de poder, hierarquias e formas de cooperação e conflito entre os participantes, com dosagens diferenciadas quanto ao caráter público ou privado do bloco socioterritorial constituído. Tais estruturas de governança, analisadas na processualidade histórica de sua construção, caminharam entre coesão e desorganização, territorialização e des-territorialização. território; setores; governança; estado de São Paulo.
A nova perspectiva de Geossistema, proposta por Bertrand, aplicada à bacia hidrográfica do rio Mocajuba - Nordeste Paraense
Authors: Teles Geise Corrêa , Pimentel Márcia Aparecida da Silva
Published: April 2022

A releitura do meio ambiente trabalhada por Bertrand e Bertrand (2009) é marcada por uma nova interpretação do conceito de geossistema, que se distingue da concepção adotada por Bertrand até 1970, por apresentar estreita relação com o conceito de território, ou seja, por considerar as relações de apropriação dos recursos naturais. Por meio dessa nova interpretação proposta por Bertrand que relaciona geossistema, território e paisagem, o presente artigo objetiva mostrar como analisar o ambiente sobre essa nova ótica do geossistema proposta por esse autor. Como recorte espacial de análise foi utilizado a bacia hidrográfica do rio Mocajuba, Nordeste Paraense. Para a operacionalização da pesquisa foram realizados trabalhos de campo, mapeamento da cobertura vegetal, dos usos da terra e interpretação dos dados gerados. Entre os resultados obtidos, destacam-se as principais formas de apropriação dos recursos naturais marcada pela estreita relação da população local com a natureza.
Pinturas rupestres de Chinhamapere: uma perspectiva da preservação do patrimônio sociocultural de Moçambique no contexto da gestão ambiental
Authors: Notice Joaquim
Published: April 2022

Em um estágio inicial da humanidade, reza a história que, a natureza dominava ao homem. As comunidades de caçadores e coletores eram nômades e estiveram associadas à produção de utensílios necessários à sobrevivência e à proteção de indivíduos e coletividades humanas. Nos tempos modernos, esta relação ganhou outras proporções e o homem passou a tratar o ambiente natural como meio de produção e de consumo, provocando, assim, uma degradação dos sistemas socioecológicos sem precedentes. Nesse sentido, para inverter esse cenário, [todos nós, como atores sociais] somos convidados a participar do processo de mitigação dos problemas ambientais, a nível local, regional e planetário, de forma individual ou coletivamente. É por via dessa razão que surge este trabalho, cujo problema é a questão das estratégias que devem ser desenvolvidas, a nível das comunidades tradicionais, para a gestão ambiental num contexto local. Sendo assim, o objetivo principal definido para esta pesquisa é analisar a importância das Pinturas Rupestres de Chinhamapere como um legado cultural a nível das comunidades locais e nela buscar experiências e práticas tradicionais para a conservação da natureza.
Editorial
Authors: Editorial Conselho
Published: April 2022

Editorial v. 5, n. 2, 2015.
Nota: VI Congresso Iberoamericano de Estudos Territoriais e Ambientais
Authors: Teramatsu Gustavo
Published: April 2022

O Congresso Iberoamericano de Estudos Territoriais e Ambientais (CIETA) teve sua sexta edição entre 8 e 12 de setembro de 2014, na Universidade de São Paulo. Já tendo sido realizado, em anos anteriores, no México, em Cuba e na Espanha, o congresso busca reunir pesquisadores iberoamericanos, com exposições de trabalhos científicos e mesas-redondas.
A questão social na pesquisa: construção participativa de indicadores de sustentabilidade no espaço urbano de Formosa (GO)
Authors: Silva Antonio Sergio , De Souza José Gilberto
Published: April 2022

A necessidade de investigação de processos didático-pedagógicos para a formação dos sujeitos locais nas intervenções participativas em políticas públicas tem suscitado interesse em pesquisadores que enfrentam o desafio de construir alternativas de mediação para a formação política de comunidades. Neste trabalho, apresenta-se uma análise sobre a trajetória metodológica na formação de um grupo de sujeitos locais na elaboração coletiva de indicadores de sustentabilidade em qualidade de vida e ambiental para o espaço urbano no município de Formosa (GO). Conclui-se que a intervenção pedagógica revela-se um instrumento fundamental na construção coletiva de elementos de leitura e compreensão política da realidade, consolidando um referencial teórico metodológico em que o grupo social se coloca como protagonista nesta trajetória de produção de conhecimento científico.
Macrossistema elétrico e o desenvolvimento das forças produtivas no Oeste Catarinense
Authors: Fritzen Maycon
Published: April 2022

O intuito desse estudo é compreender as relações entre a expansão do consumo de energia elétrica e a modernização do território como fundamento do desenvolvimento das forças produtivas no Oeste Catarinense. Para tanto, a constante expansão do macrossistema elétrico torna-se um elemento importante para a transformação da base técnico-produtiva, no campo e na cidade e no cotidiano da população. Essa breve síntese baseia-se numa delimitaçãodo conceito de macrossistema elétrico, onde se evidenciam elementos para observar a modernização e eletrificação do território, demarcando na sequência uma contribuição ao entendimento do macrossistema elétrico e a expansão do consumo de energia elétrica enquanto catalisadores da expansão das forças produtivas capitalistas em âmbito regional.
“Campinas, a cidade mais surpreendente do Brasil”: entre os índices metropolitanos e as leis municipais
Authors: Delcol Rafaela Fabiana Ribeiro
Published: April 2022

O objetivo do texto é estabelecer um diálogo entre a maneira como Campinas tem vendido a sua imagem, por meio de índices que a distinguem de outros municípios, e a realidade que expõe um município desigual que elabora leis que vão na contramão dessa imagem enaltecida. O diálogo foi elaborado de três formas: primeiro, foi realizada uma análise do IBEU (Índice de Bem-Estar Urbano), detalhando o modo como Campinas e sua Região Metropolitana foram apontadas no índice; em seguida, há uma apreciação da lei que Campinas aprovou recentemente, que dispõe sobre a qualificação de entidades, como organizações sociais; e, então, há uma discussão sobre como a produção do espaço urbano tem sido apreendida pelo IBEU, pelas Leis Municipais e as contradições que surgem da relação índices-realidade.
O papel da redução narrativa no processo de valorização cultural e promoção turística do patrimônio de Ouro Preto (MG) e Salvador (BA)
Authors: Cifelli Gabrielle
Published: April 2022

A patrimonialização das referências materiais e imateriais da cultura implica na atribuição de um valor diferencial a objetos, territórios e paisagens. A seleção redutora de um sistema de representações legitimadas pelos órgãos patrimoniais e difundidas pelos agentes de promoção turística vincula a imagem dos bens patrimonializados e dos territórios onde se situam a um ideário de singularidade e excepcionalidade. A inserção dos territórios patrimonializados no mercado cultural por meio do turismo reforça a relevância da relação entre materialidade e representação e influencia na dinâmica de usos do patrimônio nos centros históricos de Ouro Preto e Salvador, considerados áreas de maior concentração de monumentos e conjuntos arquitetônicos, onde a atividade turística se evidencia de forma mais expressiva.
Memórias e formas urbanas: a reconstrução do núcleo urbano de São Luiz do Paraitinga e a preservação do seu patrimônio cultural
Authors: Santos Carlos Murilo Prado
Published: April 2022

O artigo em questão faz uma análise do processo de reconstrução do centro urbano de São Luiz do Paraitinga, tomando a reconstrução a partir da produção dos espaços da cidade em sua totalidade. Fundada em 1769, São Luiz do Paraitinga possui um significativo conjunto arquitetônico tombado pelo IPHAN e pelo CONDEPHAAT, composto por imóveis que remontam aos séculos XIX e início do XX e uma série de manifestações culturais que remetem à memória do caipira paulista. Localizada na Serra do Mar, a cidade teve seu centro histórico inundado pelas águas do Rio Paraitinga em janeiro de 2010, o que levou à destruição de uma série de imóveis e bens tombados localizados nas partes baixas de seu centro urbano. Partindo de uma leitura espacial após sete anos de reconstrução, realizamos aqui alguns apontamentos a respeito dos métodos e técnicas adotados pelos órgãos de preservação brasileiros na cidade e os impactos no processo de produção do espaço local.
Territorialidades caiçaras, urbanização e turismo no município de Paraty, RJ
Authors: Camargo Cezar Pardo Mêo Pompêo de
Published: April 2022

As populações caiçaras do município de Paraty, RJ, conformavam territorialidades segundo uma racionalidade própria, correspondentes ao tempo de antigamente. A implementação da Rodovia Rio Santos, aqui considerada como um evento, alterou significativamente a geografia nos fragmentos de território utilizados por essas populações. É a partir deste evento que o turismo e a urbanização se acentuaram no município, influenciando significativamente as territorialidades caiçaras do tempo de hoje.
Metropolização Regional e Suburbanização Condominial: aspectos da dinâmica da dispersão urbana na Região Metropolitana de Belém
Authors: Santos Tiago Veloso
Published: April 2022

Considerando as mudanças qualitativas ocorridas no processo de urbanização em plano nacional, da qual a difusão do fenômeno da metropolização pelas regiões periféricas do território é um elemento de destaque, percebe-se a introdução de novas formas, funções e processos elementos no espaço urbano que podem ser reconhecidos em aspecto teórico, além da observação empírica. No âmbito da Amazônia brasileira, região que apresenta elevados índices de urbanização nas últimas décadas e mais recentemente a metropolização de suas principais cidades, analisa-se os elementos que marcam esse processo, tendo como referência a Região Metropolitana de Belém. Identificamos que a atual configuração metropolitana em Belém passa ao menos pela existência de quatro aspectos da produção de seu espaço: a) intensificação da produção de assentamentos habitacionais cada vez mais distantes do núcleo metropolitano e de sua periferia imediata; b) relativa suburbanização de parcelas das classes médias e altas, com a produção de assentamentos específicos para esses grupos de renda fora do núcleo metropolitano; c) aumento do volume de fluxos intermunicipais seja aos municípios constituintes do espaço metropolitano institucional, seja daqueles que não fazem parte da institucionalidade; d) difusão de grandes objetos que são condição, produto e meio da reestruturação desse importante espaço  metropolitano regional.
Entrevista: Barney Warf
Authors: Pasti André , Nabarro Wagner , Steda Melissa
Published: April 2022

Durante o I Seminário Internacional Geografia e Finanças, realizado em São Paulo entre 6 e 8 de abril de 2016, Barney Warf participou da mesa-redonda “Sistemas técnicos, trabalho e automação bancária” e ministrou o minicurso “Globalization, social theory and economic geography”. O geógrafo estadunidense nos concedeu uma entrevista, onde abordamos uma série de assuntos relacionados a sua experiência como pesquisador em diversos temas da Geografia.
Dossiê "Argentina: território usado, urbanização e circuitos da economia urbana"
Authors: Silveira María Laura
Published: April 2022

Introdução, por María Laura Silveira
Usos corporativos del territorio en el marco del Mercosur: el caso de Fiat-Case New Holland en Argentina
Authors: Laborde Matías Donato , Astegiano Natalia
Published: April 2022

Fiat es uno de los grupos económicos globales más importantes del mundo. a través de múltiples procesos de fusión y adquisición de empresas se ha convertido en unos de los principales productores mundiales de automóviles y maquinaria agrícola. El objetivo del presente artículo es analizar el uso del territorio por parte la empresa Fiat-Case New Holland en la formación socioespacial argentina en el contexto de la globalización. Para ello, se muestran los cambios en la propia división territorial del trabajo de la empresa, su expansión en el territorio y las normativas implementadas por el Estado que la involucran. En este sentido, se abordan los circuitos espaciales de la producción y los círculos de cooperación de la empresa en el período técnico-científico-informacional.
Constitución y difusión del sistema universitario en la red urbana de la provincia de Buenos Aires y la Ciudad Autónoma de Buenos Aires (Argentina)
Authors: Marín Ignacio Celis
Published: April 2022

En el periodo contemporáneo, la división territorial del trabajo demanda nuevas especializaciones y capacitaciones técnicas a las universidades, renovando los contenidos y la relación entre el sistema universitario y la red urbana. En este sentido, observamos que la provincia de Buenos Aires y la ciudad de Buenos Aires se constituyen como la porción del país donde esta relación se manifiesta con mayor intensidad. Esta densidad universitaria es consecuencia de una difusión de la educación superior en la red urbana caracterizada por una especialización y desconcentración interna de la metrópoli de Buenos Aires, y una capilarización del sistema universitario en ciudades medias y pequeñas a partir de las extensiones áulicas, la educación a distancia y pequeñas sedes universitarias dispersas en el territorio. Se constituye así una nueva geografía de la educación universitaria que actúa solidaria y diferenciadamente en la organización del territorio.
O transporte rodoviário interestadual de passageiros nas articulações entre Londrina/PR e São Paulo/SP: aspectos históricos, normativos e operacionais
Authors: Santos Bruno Candido dos
Published: April 2022

O avanço da cafeicultura rumo ao norte do estado do Paraná a partir do início do século XX resultou na fundação de novos centros urbanos ao longo das áreas ocupadas. Estas novas cidades possuíram desde sua fundação particularidades entre si e se articularam com a capital paulista de formas variadas. Neste contexto algumas articulações emergiram com maior proeminência, sobretudo pela relevância regional que determinadas centralidades na nascente rede urbana do norte paranaense adquiriram – exemplo dessa dinâmica é Londrina, que surge em 1929 e desde então contém conexões constantes com São Paulo. Neste artigo será debatida a participação do transporte rodoviário interestadual de passageiros nas articulações entre Londrina/PR e São Paulo/SP em três itens: o primeiro efetuará uma abordagem histórica acerca das conexões entre as duas cidades; o segundo elencará atributos normativos do transporte rodoviário de passageiros e, finalmente, o terceiro elucidará aspectos operacionais desta circulação de pessoas que demonstram uma faceta importante das articulações entre as centralidades londrinense e paulistana.
Metodologias ativas para o ensino-aprendizagem de Geografia: os biomas e as séries iniciais
Authors: Lessa Gustavo Ferreira , De Freitas Anniele Sarah Ferreira
Published: April 2022

O presente trabalho tem como objetivo apresentar propostas de metodologias ativas para a Geografia Escolar, voltadas para o ensino fundamental I. A partir do conceito de bioma, nosso recorte curricular abordará a proposição de atividades que possibilitem os professores das séries iniciais abordarem o conteúdo de natureza utilizando o conceito de biomas. O trabalho destaca o papel das Oficinas didáticas como uma potente estratégia de ensino-aprendizagem a partir da perspectiva metadidática. As atividades realizadas durante a oficina possibilitaram a troca de conhecimento e reflexão em torno do planejamento e execução da oficina, em torno do conteúdo geográfico e do próprio processo de elaboração da oficina.
As feiras e o e-commerce: relações de comércio e consumo a partir das TICs
Authors: Oliveira Patrícia da Cruz
Published: April 2022

Este trabalho traz como tema central as relações contemporâneas de trocas de mercadorias a partir das Tecnologias da Informação e Comunicação (TICs), ou seja, do e-commerce. Seu objeto de estudo são as feiras virtuais, identificadas como plataformas virtuais em forma de sites em que são comercializados alimentos (e eventualmente outras mercadorias) que são típica e tradicionalmente encontrados nas feiras livres. Tem por objetivos contextualizar essa estratégia comercial, a partir da relação entre os espaços virtual e concreto, identificar feiras virtuais, bem como possíveis diferenças e similaridades, desafios e potencialidades das feiras livres e das feiras virtuais. A metodologia centrou-se na pesquisa bibliográfica e no levantamento de dados junto ao espaço virtual. Como resultados destacaram-se a relação distinta entre os dois tipos de feiras com o espaço e nas relações sociais; a semelhança da procedência e dos tipos de mercadorias; a potencialidade das feiras virtuais no aumento na produção e do consumo em escalas local e regional, a redução do desperdício de alimentos e o aumento da geração de renda para os produtores; e dentre os desafios das feiras livres destaca-se a sua prevalência frente às mudanças cada vez mais aceleradas do mundo contemporâneo, especialmente naqueles espaços tão marcados pela presença das TICs, como os grandes centros urbanos.
Centro e centralidade em cidades médias
Authors: Carli Letícia Aparecida Dias
Published: April 2022

Resenha do livro: MAIA, Doralice Sátyro; SILVA, William Ribeiro da; WHITACKER, Arthur Magon. Centro e centralidade em cidades médias. 1. ed. São Paulo: Cultura Acadêmica, 2017. 285p.
Producción de la vivienda y mercado inmobiliario en la ciudad intermedia de Tandil (Argentina), a comienzos del siglo XXI
Authors: Migueltorena Alejandro
Published: April 2022

El objetivo de este trabajo consiste en analizar las características que asumió la producción de la vivienda por parte de los actores inmobiliarios y los empresarios de la construcción, en la ciudad de Tandil desde los primeros años del siglo XXI. La ubicación que posee esta ciudad intermedia en la red urbana argentina, junto al auge del turismo, el flujo migratorio proveniente de las grandes aglomeraciones y algunas otras particularidades, definieron que las inversiones inmobiliarias y los proyectos urbanísticos adquieran ciertas singularidades, más allá de la tendencia general que se observó a nivel nacional. De esta manera, se intenta comprender cuáles son las razones por las que se incrementaron las dificultades de la población para acceder a un hábitat digno aún en un contexto de crecimiento económico y porqué, en este último período, la vivienda se consolidó como un bien financiero en detrimento de su valor de uso. Para abordar estos objetivos se recurrió a una metodología de triangulación, que combinó fuentes de información secundaria con entrevistas semi-estructuradas realizadas a informantes clave.

Palabras clave: vivienda, mercado inmobiliario, acceso al hábitat, ciudad intermedia, Tandil.
Nota: IX Fala Professor(a)! – Encontro Nacional de Ensino de Geografia “A prática do(a) professor(a) à margem: resistências, saberes e poderes”
Authors: Domingos Lopes Jahan Natanael , Dos Santos Rodrigues Jessica Aparecida , Serpentini de Souza Larissa , Da Silva Rufino Paulo Roberto , De Moura Rafael Henrique
Published: April 2022

O IX Encontro Nacional de Ensino de Geografia ocorreu entre os dias 17 e 21 de Julho em 2019 na cidade de Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais. Organizado e construído de forma colaborativa e horizontal pela Associação dos Geógrafos Brasileiros (AGB) em suas respectivas seções, o “Fala professor(a)! - Encontro Nacional de Ensino de Geografia” é um evento fundamental no movimento de resistência e de luta política. Assim, esta nota pretende documentar as discussões, reflexões, processos e ações possibilitadas pelo caminho percorrido durante o evento, ressaltando a relevância política das temáticas abordadas direcionadas às práticas de ensino de Geografia.
Editorial
Authors: Editorial Conselho
Published: April 2022

Editorial - v. 9, n. 2, 2019.
Discovering Italian Free Metal Reeds: A Fieldwork Enquiry
Authors: Pinelli Raffaele
Published: April 2022

This article presents some of the results achieved in the complex and still little-known production system of metal free reeds for mechanical bellows aerophones. It starts from the encounter with Lorenzo Antonelli, director of the Italian factory "Voci Armoniche", which is one of the oldest and most important in the world. The account of this encounter will be used to demonstrate how intensive fieldwork research in ethnomusicology (i.e. the practice of cyclical alternation of phases in situ and ex situ) can mutually enrich the knowledge of both observer and observed and, at the same time, stimulate changes in individuals, as well as in the objects covered by the survey.
The methodological structure of the article is based on the account of my fieldwork experiences, used here as an anthropological approach, with the intent of clarifying some crucial aspects of research on oral transmission contexts within an aural culture. Finally, this article aims to contribute to the debate on the relation between basic and applied research in the context of ethnomusicological, organological studies and research on the anthropology of techniques.
'While Shepherds Watched their Flocks by Night': A Paradigm of English Village Carolling for Three Centuries
Authors: Russell Ian
Published: April 2022

Why has one carol above all others become the most widely sung lyric in English vernacular carolling traditions during the last three centuries? What is it about the simple balladic structure that has endeared this narrative of the birth of Jesus Christ to generations of carollers? By what means did these words become so widely circulated and how has their popularity been sustained? Why have the singers/musicians been inspired to create and recreate so many musical settings to this text to celebrate each Christmas anew?
In this article the history and development of the carol is summarised, and key examples of the tunes adopted in its musical pathway in tradition are provided. The significance of the text is examined, alongside the sacred and secular nature of its performance in the carolling communities of the Pennine hills of south Yorkshire and north Derbyshire. The aim of the article is to provide insights into the carol’s longevity and its centrality to the many local traditions. Other aspects of vernacular Christmas carolling are touched on, including the construction of repertoire, the development of tradition, the process of annual renewal, and the experiential aspects of performance.
SOCIO-DEMOGRAPHIC FACTORS ASSOCIATED WITH CHHAUPADI PRACTICE AMONG ADOLESCENCE GIRLS OF MANGALSEN MUNICIPALITY, ACCHAM NEPAL
Authors: Thapa Roshan Kumar , Chhetri Mamta , Paudel Amrita , Koirala Subash , Poudel Eak Narayan , Adhikari Kishor
Published: April 2022

Background: Chhaupadi practice, which is characterized by banishment of women during menstruation from their usual residence due to supposed impurity. The Chhaupadi custom is also known as ‘chhue’or ‘bahirhunu’ in Dadeldhura,Baitadi and Darchula,as Chhaupadi in Acham, and as ‘chaukulla’or ‘chhaukudi’in Bajhang district.The aim of the study was to find out Socio demographic factors associated with Chhaupadi practices among adolescence girls of Mangalsen Municipality, Acham Nepal.
Methods: The community based descriptive cross-sectional study using face to face interview was carried out in Mangalsen Municipality, Acham Nepal. 221 adolescence girls (10-19) years were selected by simple random sampling. The total duration of data collection was one month from 2074/01/07 to 2074/02/08. Data were collected using self-designed semi structured questionnaire. Collected data were manually checked then entered into IBM SPSS version 20.0 for Window. We used Pearsons chi-square test is used to investigate the effect of Socio-demographic variable on Chhaupadi practices during last menstruation period of adolescent.
Results: Among 221 adolescent girls, there were 84.2 %(186) of the respondents were kept in Chhaupadi or slept at Chhau goth during entire last time menstrual period, Socio-demographic characteristics such as age (χ2=8.997, 0.001), mother educational level(χ2= 6.80, p=0.033), occupational status of respondent’s mother (χ2=4.20, p=0.04) ,type of family(χ2=5.20, p=0.022) were found to be significantly associated with Chhaupadi practice .
Conclusions: Majority of the adolescent girls are still practicing Chhaupadi during menstrual period. Chhaupadi practice continues to exits in community because of illetracy,traditional belief system.To abolish Chhaupadi practice awareness and education at community level is required.
KNOWLEDGE ON PRECONCEPTION CARE AMONG BACHELOR LEVEL NURSING STUDENTS OF SELECTED CAMPUSES IN BAGMATI PROVINCE
Authors: Bhatta Padma , Upreti Kamala , Kalikotay Bhagawoty
Published: April 2022

Background: Preconception care is the provision of biomedical, behavioural and social health interventions to women and couples before pregnancy to improve the health status of mother, new-born and child. There is growing evidence that preconception care may have an important role in preventing short and long-term adverse health consequences for women and their offspring. So this study was conducted to assess knowledge on preconception care among bachelor-level nursing students.
Methods: A descriptive cross-sectional design with a purposive sampling technique was used to select 129 students from Constituents and affiliated Nursing campuses of Tribhuvan University in Bagmati Province. Data were collected over one month from 1st September to 27th September 2020. Knowledge on preconception care was evaluated through self-administered questionnaires. Analysis was done by using descriptive statistical tests.
Results: Among 129 respondents, 17.8% of respondents had adequate and 81.4% had a moderate level of knowledge on preconception care. The respondents had adequate levels of knowledge on teratogens and environmental toxins and inadequate on some of the very important issues such as proper time for preconception care, birth spacing, hygiene, and vaccines contraindicated during pregnancy.
Conclusions: Based on the findings, most of the respondents had a moderate level of knowledge but as a nurse to provide holistic care to the client and future mother they have to have an adequate level of knowledge to prevent adverse consequences of maternal and child health. Therefore, there seems to be a strong need to develop a simple guideline of preconception care and incorporate it into the nursing curriculum.
GROWTH AND DEVELOPMENT OF THE LIVER IN HUMAN FOETUSES
Authors: Mukhia Rajeev , Poudel Phanindra Prasad , Mansur Dil Islam , Yadav Shailendra Kumar , Taneja Bal Krishna
Published: April 2022

Background: Liver is the largest compound gland in the body. Liver is one of the organs of interest for researchers since a long time. Though, detailed study about adult liver is there but liver at different stages in the fetal period is far less available. The present study attempted to find out the relationship between the body weight and liver weight in different gestational weeks of foetuses.
Methods: The study was carried out on 40 spontaneously aborted human foetuses of known gestational age ranging from 10 weeks to 38 weeks. The weight of the foetuses was measured in grams on digital weighing machine. The anterior abdominal wall was dissected and the liver was removed. The weight of the liver was measured in grams on digital weighing machine. Data of the study were statistical analyzed by using the Microsoft Excel 2007 program.
Results: The average body weight of foetuses at 10th week and 38th week was 28 and 3200 gm respectively. The average weight of liver at 10th week and 38th week was 2.2 and 120.1 gm respectively. The relative ratio between liver weight and body weight at 10th week and 38th week are 7.86 and 3.75 respectively.
Conclusions: Evaluating body and liver weights and measurements against known standards is an important part of perinatal pathology. It also provides new insights to the anatomist and clinician for understanding and developing knowledge in both normal and pathological conditions of liver tissue.
DETERMINANTS OF HEALTH RELATED QUALITY OF LIFE IN PATIENTS WITH CHRONIC OBSTRUCTIVE PULMONARY DISEASE IN CHITWAN, NEPAL
Authors: Sharma Kalpana , Sharma Muna , Joshi Sarala
Published: April 2022

Background: Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD) is a growing cause of morbidity and mortality worldwide. However, the determinants and its impact on Health Related Quality of Life (HRQL) are not well-studied in Nepal. This study aimed to assess the determinants of HRQL in patients with COPD in Chitwan, Nepal.
Methods: Cross-sectional study was conducted in outpatient departments of two medical colleges and two governmental hospitals of Chitwan district. A stratified proportionate sampling technique was used to select 470 patients suffering from COPD for at least 3 months and data were collected using pretested HRQL instruments. Linear regression model was constructed to identify the determinants of HRQ.
Results: The mean age patients was 68.64 (±10.25 SD) years and 54.0% were female. The mean score and standard deviation of total HRQL was 55.84 ± 11.21, while 54.10 ±13.95 was for physical, 56.69 ±13.73 for social and 56.96 ±12.05 for psychological components respectively, showing higher impairment on physical health. Dyspnea (β = -0.301, p = <0.001), perceived health status (β = 0.264, p<0.011), financial difficulties for treatment (β = -0.195, p = <0.011), regular follow-ups (β = -0.116, p = 0.001), age (β = -0.101, p = 0.006) and exacerbations (β = -0.098, p = 0.008) were the notable determinants of HRQL. In addition, other predictors of HRQL were smoking status, duration of illness, and exposure to dust & smoke in work place.
Conclusions: Patients with COPD have impaired HRQL. Hence, attention should be paid by nurses and health care planner on enhancing HRQL by addressing notable determinants while treating them in health care setting.
LEARNING ANATOMY DURING COVID PANDEMIC: A STUDY FROM UNIVERSAL COLLEGE OF MEDICAL SCIENCE
Authors: Sharma Nitasha , Pandit Ruku
Published: April 2022

Background: Pandemic plays a pivotal role in reshaping history of mankind. Forced disruption in anatomy education system has compelled us to start all our classes online. Although the COVID‐19 pandemic is likely to be the first which current anatomy students are affected by, lessons and experiences can be drawn from the present crises to help us adapt and reform anatomy. The aim of this study was to evaluate medical students’ experience about learning anatomy online during covid pandemic.
Methods: This was a descriptive cross-sectional study carried out at universal college of medical science among first and second year MBBS and BDS students from 1st June 2020 to 30th August 2020. A semi-structured, validated, feedback questionnaire was emailed to a total of 255 students, and the filled up response was received from 211 students. The data were collected and descriptive analysis was done using SPSS ver. 22.
Results: Almost 178(84.36%) of students were understanding anatomy class through online lectures, Majority of students 196 (92.89%) of students consider dissection/cadavers or models as an integral part for learning anatomy. similarly, more than three fourth 168(79.62%) of students were in favor of combination of online class with traditional class for better understanding of anatomy discipline.
Conclusions: Online anatomy class was considered effective during crisis but students were suggesting blending of online class with traditional class. Lesson should be learned from current pandemic and explore anatomy education system beyond traditional. We highly recommend development of new anatomy blended curriculum for better understanding of subject.
EPIDEMIOLOGICAL, CLINICAL PATTERN AND OUTCOME OF FIRST WAVE OF SARS-COV-2 PATIENTS IN BAGMATI PROVINCE OF NEPAL
Authors: Adhikari Santosh , Adhikari Ramesh , V Himanshu , Chapagain Ram Hari , Prajapati Bina , Khadka Hari Bahadur , Dangal Raj Kumar , Shedain Purusotam , Tamang Rasmi
Published: April 2022

Background: The first wave of COVID 19 pandemic was among all age group with different presentations and outcome. This study done was to explore the social demographics, clinical characteristics, comorbidities and outcome of SARS-CoV-2 patients in Bagmati province.
Methods: A retrospective study was done among the first wave of SARS-CoV-2 positive patients registered during the first wave in provincial Health Emergency Operation Center (PHEOC), Bagmati, Nepal. Data was collected from 14th April 2020 to 15th October 2020. Demographic and clinical characteristics, comorbidities, isolation centers and outcome of Bagmati province were analyzed and described.
Results: Among the 58916 cases; 37045 (62.87%) were male 21871 (37.12%) were female, 4434 (7.52%) cases were below 18 years while 54482 (92.47%) were of older than 18 years. Median age was 36.56 years (IQR 1 day to 108 years). There were 1507 (2.55%) cases having co morbidities while 57409 (97.44%) did not have. There were 48734 (82.71%) asymptomatic cases and 10182 (17.28%) symptomatic. There were cases having fever 2665 (26.17%), loss of taste 2130 (20.91%), loss of smell 2097 (20.59%), cough 1330 (13.06%) and common cold 895 (8.79%) with involvement of respiratory system, gastroenterology and central nervous system. Home and intuitional isolated cases were 55227 (93.73%) and 3689 (6.26%) respectively. Four hundred eighty-seven (6.04%) had travel history within 15 days and 242 (0.41%) died.
Conclusions: In the first wave of the COVID pandemic, most cases were asymptomatic while systemic involvement of CNS; respiratory, gastrointestinal symptoms were common presentation. Mostly patient remained in home isolation, few cases had co morbidity and had good outcome in total.
DIEULAFOY’S LESION OF JEJUNUM PRESENTING AS AN OBSCURE GASTROINTESTINAL BLEEDING: A CASE REPORT
Authors: Thapa Yeshika , Poudyal Sagar
Published: April 2022

Obscure gastrointestinal bleeding has been designated as bleeding of unknown origin that persist or recurs after a negative initial or primary endoscopy (colonoscopy and upper endoscopy). We present a case of 16 years old male who was admitted at our hospital with presentation of black tarry hard foul-smelling stool associated with weakness, dizziness and loss of consciousness for 10-15 minutes. Physical examination showing pallor. Upper GI Endoscopy, colonoscopy and double balloon Enteroscopy (DBE) failed to find out the cause of bleeding whereas, CT angiography shows a prominent submucosal vessel with blush of contrast enhancement seen at mid-jejunum and suggestive of a Dieulafoy’s lesion. As the lesion was not identified properly during both anterograde and retrograde Double Balloon Enteroscopy we decided to go for the conservative management and treated the patient on close monitoring.
DIAGNOSTIC QUANDARY WITH LAUGIER-HUNZIKER SYNDROME
Authors: Mishra Neha , Rout Sourav Kumar
Published: April 2022

Laugier-Hunziker syndrome being a rare pigmentation disorder chiefly involving lips and nails has so far been coincidentally diagnosed. In Nepal, Laugier-Hunziker syndrome has not been reviewed very well, and no case has been reported in the literature till date. To the best of our knowledge, the current report is the only one in the Nepalese scientific community but addressing the age of the patient it stands with a diagnostic quandary.
PREVALENCE AND CORRELATES OF TOBACCO AND ALCOHOL USE AMONG ADOLESCENTS IN NAWALPUR DISTRICT, NEPAL
Authors: Sapkota Narayan , Paneru Damaru Prasad
Published: April 2022

Background: Tobacco and alcohol use are major behavioral risk that contributes to the rapid increase in non communicable diseases in Nepal. This study aimed to assess prevalence and correlates of tobacco and alcohol use among adolescents.
Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted using the multi-stage probability sampling method. Self-administered questionnaire was used to collect the information among school going adolescent. Data was entered on Epi-data and analyzed using SPSS.
Results: Prevalence of tobacco and alcohol consumption was 11.6% and 16.3% respectively. Male(AOR = 4.8, 95% CI: 2.0-11.5), older adolescents  (AOR = 3.4, 95% CI: 1.6-7.2), pocket money of more than Rs. 350 (AOR 4.7, 95% CI 1.6-13.8) and living with other than family members (AOR 3.8, 95% CI 1.7-8.5) had higher odds of tobacco consumption whereas, male (AOR = 5.4, 95% CI: 2.5-11.5), late adolescents (AOR = 2.6, 95% CI: 1.3-5.0), pocket money of more than Rs. 350 (AOR = 5.4, 95% CI: 2.2-13.2) had higher odds of alcohol consumption.
Conclusions: The study found that significant proportion of adolescents was involved in the consumption of tobacco and alcohol. Efforts are needed to find regulating and educational interventions to mitigate the risky behaviors and their health impacts on the adolescents.
COVID-19 FACTORS AND MENTAL HEALTH ASSOCIATED WITH PSYCHOLOGICAL DISTRESS LEVEL AMONG DENTISTS AND DENTAL HYGIENISTS IN NEPAL
Authors: Singh Harender , Chaudhary Sanjeeb , Thakur Smriti Narayan , Gupta Abhishek
Published: April 2022

Background: The COVID-19 pandemic, which is caused by a severe acute respiratory syndrome corona virus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), is acknowledged an unprecedented crisis that has adversely affected the population globally and created a situation of emergency in health systems worldwide. The aim of present study was to evaluate the association of COVID-19 factors and psychological factors with psychological distress level among dental professional of Nepal.
Methods: The data was collected through a cross-sectional survey conducted online among 350 dental practitioners in Nepal. The data was collected during the period of December 2020 to April, 2021. A self-measuring questionnaire was prepared throgh Google forms to assess COVID-19 factors. In psychological factors category, self-efficacy and subjective overload was measured. General self-efficacy scale was used for the evaluation of self-efficacy and Demand-Scale (short-version) was used for measuring the subjective overload. Kesslers’ K6 scale was used for assessing the distress level among the participants of the study. Multivariate logistic regression was used for statistical analysis.
Results: Findings of the study revealed that elevated psychological distress was found more among female dental staff, having fear of contracting COVID-19 from patient, and who have shown higher subjective overload. Lower psychological distress was associated with higher work-experience, and in those who got higher scores for self-efficacy.
Conclusions: This study was conducted during the outbreak of deadly infectious coronavirus disease. While exploring the COVID-19 factors and psychological factors on the distress level among dental staff, it is warranted as the effects may be long-term because of their psychological implications on the mental health of dental practitioners.
MOTIVATING FACTORS FOR CHOOSING DENTISTRY AND PLAN AFTER GRADUATION
Authors: Poudyal Sijan , Lamichhane Ram Sudhan , Acharya Sudeep , Pradhan Amita
Published: April 2022

Background: The knowledge of current motivation to choose dentistry and future plan of dental graduates is critical to health care systems and may result in major change for policies in dental education. This study aimed to assess the motivational factors that influenced students to choose dentistry as a profession and their future plan after graduation.
Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted among the 120 students who have cleared the final Bachelor of Dental Surgery (BDS) examination and were undergoing their mandatory internship program. The data was collected between January 2020 to April 2020. Data analysis was done using Statistical Prod­uct and Service Solution (SPSS) version 20 with descriptive and inferential statistics.
Results: The leading professional reason was the flexible working hour, 54.8% (n=57). Job stability, 50% (n=52), the desire to help people, 49% (n=51) and a desire to be associated with a health profession, 69.2% (n=72) were the primary reasons on economic, vocational and personal domains respectively. Around half of the participants 52% (n=54) have planned for further study after graduation. Similarly, 28.8% (n=30) of the participants have planned to live and work outside Kathmandu valley, 28.8% (n=30) were planning to live and work within Kathmandu valley.
Conclusions: This study found that the flexible working hour, job stability and desire to help people were the motivational factors for choosing dentistry. Majority have planned for further study. In future, only those from outside Kathmandu valley were willing to serve the people beyond the valley.
RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN DENTAL ANXIETY AND PAIN PERCEPTION DURING SCALING IN PERIODONTALLY HEALTHY SUBJECTS
Authors: Shrestha Priti , Shakya Sonika , Poudyal Sijan , Dhami Bhageshwar
Published: April 2022

Background: Dental pain, anxiety and fear experience are the factors that discourage the demand for treatment. Dental treatment influences patients by causing stress and reminding them of unpleasant memories which often leads to the postponement of dental treatment deteriorating the periodontal health.Research showed that dental anxiety, fear and apprehensive anticipation of potential threats cause patients to cancel, miss, or arrive late for dental appointments. The aim of the study was to evaluate patients’ pain perception during scaling and its relationship with dental anxiety.
Methods: A cross sectional study was conducted in 200 dental patients from March 2021 to June 2021 at Kist Medical College and Hospital.Pain levels after scaling were assessed with a visual analog scale (VAS) and an anxiety questionnaire consisting of seven questions, each with five possible answers. Data analysis was done with SPSS 21 using descriptive and inferential statistics.
Results: The mean VAS score for the entire group was 26.70±17.73 and for women and men were 28.68±17.70 and 24.75±17.64, respectively. The difference in mean VAS scores between women and men was statistically significant (p= 0.000). The mean anxiety score for the whole study population was 12.21±4.32.The questionnaire score was similar in women 13.46±4.55 and 10.99±3.71 in men (p =0.117).
Conclusions: An understanding of the presence of the anxiety and fear helps dentists to grasp what patients feel about dental treatment procedures and aid dentist efforts to enhance patients care.
AWARENESS ON CERVICAL CANCER AND PRACTICE OF PAP SMEAR TEST AMONG THE MARRIED WOMEN OF CHANGUNARAYAN MUNICIPALITY
Authors: Bharati Mamata , Dhakal Chalise Gita , KC Ambu , Khadka Sushmita , Bharati Nisha , Lakhaju Laxmi
Published: April 2022

Background: Cervical cancer is the fourth most common cancer among women globally. It can be cured if diagnosed at an early stage and treated promptly. This study aimed to find out the awareness on cervical cancer and practice of Pap smear test among the married women of Changunarayan Municipality.
Methods: A descriptive cross-sectional study design was carried out in Changunarayan Municipality among 115 purposively selected married women aged between 30 to 60 years. The data was collected from 1stJuly 2021 to 21thJuly 2021. Data was collected by using semi structure interview schedule through face-to-face interview method. Descriptive as well as inferential statistics was used to describe the findings and measure the association between variables.
Results: Among the total respondents, 52.2% had inadequate level of awareness and 47.8% had adequate level of awareness in cervical cancer. Regarding the practice, only 20.9% of respondents had done Pap smear test. There is no significant association between level of awareness of cervical cancer with practice of Pap smear test, age, educational status, occupation, age at marriage and age at first child birth of the respondents.
Conclusions: It is concluded that women had adequate awareness in cervical cancer however; the practice of performing Pap smear test was low. The level of awareness of cervical cancer did not influence the practice of Pap smear test.
OUTCOME OF PATIENTS WITH SURGICAL EXTRACTION OF LOWER THIRD MOLAR IN TEACHING HOSPITAL
Authors: Shah Arun Kumar , Gautam Shailesh , Singh Harender
Published: April 2022

Background: Surgical extraction is frequently associated with considerable post-operative swelling, pain and limited mouth opening. These sequelae are caused by physiological inflammatory response to trauma. This study was carried out to evaluate the post-operative outcome after surgical extraction.
Methods: An observational study was carried out involving 141 patients. After taking proper history and performing clinical examination, diagnosis of impacted lower third molar was confirmed by Orthopantomogram (OPG). Paired T-test, independent t-test and Anova test was applied to check the level of significance. A p value less than .05 was considered statistically significant.
Results: The study revealed that the gender factor predicted pain on Day 3 and Day 7 (p < 0.05). Gender predicted mouth opening at Day 3 (p < 0.05). Swelling was not affected by gender on any day. Pain was affected by age at Day 3 and Day 7. swelling and mouth opening was affected by age at Day 3 only. Operating time affected the swelling, pain and mouth opening on both 3rd and 7th day.
Conclusions: Based on the findings of the present study, short-term outcomes of third molar surgery (swelling, mouth opening and pain) differed depending on the characteristics of the patient (age and gender) and operating time. However, due to the observational character of the study, the results should be interpreted with caution. Further studies are supposed to be carried out on relations between preoperative findings and short-term outcomes of third molar extractions.
SIGNIFICANCES OF DAILY DISPOSABLE CONTACT LENSES DURING COVID-19
Authors: Bhattarai Sanjeev
Published: April 2022

Contact lens is one of the preferred modes of refractive correction for children and adults. With proper care and maintenance, even during pandemic of COVID-19, contact lenses can be prescribed and worn by the patients without much fear of Coronavirus infection. Till now there is no strong clinical evidence that proves contact lenses are not safe to wear during COVID-19. But considering patient’s health and hygiene, various literatures have suggested that with compared to conventional or yearly disposable contact lenses, daily disposable contact lenses are safer to use during COVID-19. Since the daily disposable lenses are discarded daily after use at the end of the day, there is no need of extra care regarding manual cleaning and maintenance. Daily disposable lenses may have a very less or even no deposits and debris so makes patient more comfortable all over the time with less risk of Coronavirus infection.