bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Situación y desafíos del transporte público de pasajeros en la ciudad de Huaraz
Authors: Tarazona Jiménez John
Published: November 2018

Analiza la situación del transporte público en la ciudad de Huaraz, departamento de Áncash, Perú. Para ello se ha tomado en cuenta las características de la oferta de transporte público y de la demanda. El análisis de la demanda centrada en hogares que no disponen de vehículos propios ha permitido conocer que el 75.92% de la población urbana no cuenta con vehículo propio, por lo que podemos afirmar que de cada diez habitantes, ocho no cuentan con ningún tipo de movilidad por lo que son usuarios permanentes del transporte público en sus diferentes modalidades. El análisis de la encuesta de origen y destino, permitió identificar a las zonas con mayor afluencia de pasajeros en los distritos de Huaraz e Independencia. Entre estas podemos mencionar a la Av. Raymondi, Av. Fitzcarrald, y los jirones Huascarán, Caraz, San Cristóbal. En segundo lugar, se han identificado a la avenida Luzuriaga, jirones San Martín, Simón Bolívar, Av. 28 de Julio y el Jr. José de Sucre. En el distrito de Independencia la zona de mayor afluencia de pasajeros comprende a las avenidas Universitaria y Eucaliptos, y los jirones César Vallejo, Membrillos, Palmeras y Quisuares (Shancayán); en segundo lugar, la zona que comprende la Av. Independencia, Av. Centenario, los pasajes Sarita Colonia, calle Santa Rosa y cruce Palmira. El estudio permite demostrar las horas de mayor afluencia (horas punta); por la mañana, la hora punta comprende de 7 a 8; luego, al mediodía, de 12:40 a la 13:30; por las tardes, de 18:00 a 18:30. Así mismo, la investigación ha revelado que de cada 100 vehículos que se desplazan en las horas punta, 79 son autos colectivos, 15 camionetas rurales y 6 vehículos particulares. Además, muestra que en la ciudad de Huaraz existe una sobre oferta del servicio de transporte público durante gran parte del día en la modalidad de servicio de taxi colectivo, generando externalidades negativas, como la congestión vehicular, mayor contaminación y ruido en la ciudad.
Aplicación de imágenes NDVI para el control de riego y enfermedad en cultivos Agrícolas mediante el uso de aeronaves no tripuladas (UAV) y el software AgVault
Authors: Caballero Beltrán Daniel Antonio
Published: November 2018

El uso de tecnologías en agricultura se ha estado desarrollando intensamente. Por lo cual el uso de drones ya es actualmente aplicado. La agricultura de precisión es una herramienta necesaria hoy en día para poder ser eficiente y eficaz. Este estudio se realizó en la empresa American Color Inc. que está ubicada en el estado de Virginia – Estados Unidos. El objetivo es controlar el riego que este cultivo (Chrisante Mum) tiene; son 4.2 acres de área de cultivo y la técnica de riego utilizado es por goteo. Usando un Dron Phantom 3 DJI con cámara infrarroja Sentera (Single) identificamos posibles problemas y los corregimos. Mediante la aplicación del índice de vegetación NDVI y el software AgVault identificamos que sectores del cultivo necesitan más riego y otros solo control, este proceso interactúa con el campo y gabinete. El resultado es una colección de imágenes que al momento de interpretarlas y examinarlas podemos notar problemas y efectuar su remediación. En conclusión, se observa que el ahorro de agua

y el control de enfermedades y/o plagas son problema; esto beneficia al ambiente por ser eficientes en los usos de químicos, también económicamente gracias al ahorro de agua y químicos.
Modelo de gestión ambiental para la sostenibilidad de los sistemas de riego, cuenca del río Cabanillas – Puno
Authors: Vera Santa María José , Chirinos Ortiz Teófilo , Ayora Garagate Lorenzo
Published: November 2018

El objetivo es proponer un modelo de Gestión Ambiental, para los sistemas de riego, que permita un adecuado aprovechamiento del recurso hídrico, su conservación y sostenibilidad. Se realizó el diagnóstico ambiental y de la infraestructura de riego, se midieron parámetros de calidad del agua y se aplicó encuestas tipo Likert a los usuarios

referentes al uso, manejo, conservación del agua e infraestructura y de los recursos naturales. Los resultados indican que, en la cuenca del río Cabanillas existen una demanda de 500 y oferta de 385 millones de metros cúbicos de recursos hídricos que son manejados de manera regulada y son suficientes para el funcionamiento eficiente de los sistemas de riego. El diagnóstico ambiental indica que, las tendencias en el manejo del agua en la cuenca, no es el más adecuado, por lo que se plantea una gestión reflexiva, participativa y consensuada para el uso correcto del suelo y la conservación del agua para el riego.
Caracterización de los sistemas de producción de quinua (Chenopodium quinoa Wiilld) en el distrito de Chiara, Ayacucho
Authors: Pinedo Taco Rember , Gómez Pando Luz , Julca Otiniano Alberto
Published: November 2018

La investigación se realizó en la región Ayacucho, en las comunidades de Kishuarcancha, Manallasac y Sachabamba, distrito de Chiara, con el objetivo de identificar los sistemas de producción de quinua y su efecto en la sostenibilidad de los agroecosistemas. Se aplicaron encuestas a una muestra de 92 productores de quinua, los datos se analizaron agrupando 24 variables cualitativas y cuantitativas y se evaluaron las relaciones establecidas entre los componentes biofísicos, agronómicos y tecnológicos, asociados a los subsistemas agrícolas. Se identificaron cuatro sistemas de producción de quinua, orgánica, limpia o mixta, convencional y tradicional. De estos, los más predominantes son el sistema orgánico y mixto; la producción convencional se ha relegado al tercer lugar y la producción tradicional al cuarto lugar. Los factores determinantes en el cambio y crecimiento de los sistemas de producción probablemente sean la edad de los agricultores, su nivel de educación y la presencia de empresas exportadoras, cooperativas y otros agentes que promueven la producción orgánica y producción mixta que aseguran mercado y buenos precios para la quinua. Por otro lado, algunos cambios en las labores culturales y el incremento de insumos externos de diversa naturaleza y la mecanización podrían afectar la sostenibilidad del cultivo.
Normas para la publicación de artículos en Aporte Santiaguino
Authors: Editorial Comité
Published: November 2018

Aporte Santiaguino es una revista de investigación editada por la Dirección General de Investigación – Vicerrectorado de Investigación de la Universidad Nacional Santiago Antúnez de Mayolo (Huaraz, Perú). Tiene como objetivo publicar y difundir los resultados de las investigaciones originales en ciencias, tecnología y humanidades realizadas por la comunidad científica santiaguina, así como de otras universidades y centros de investigación tanto nacionales como internacionales. La revista tiene una periodicidad semestral, está indizada en Latindex y es distribuida en versión impresa y electrónica...
Equicontinuity, Expansivity, and Shadowing for Linear Operators
Authors: Lee Keonhee , Morales C. A.
Published: November 2018

We prove that a linear operator of a complex Banach space has a shadowable point if and only if it has the shadowing property. In addition, every equicontinuous linear operator does not have the shadowing property and its spectrum is contained in the unit circle. Finally, we prove that if a linear operator is expansive and has the shadowing property, then the origin is the only nonwandering point.
Thermoplastic PCL-b-PEG-b-PCL and HDI Polyurethanes for Extrusion-Based 3D-Printing of Tough Hydrogels
Authors: Güney Aysun , Gardiner Christina , McCormack Andrew , Malda Jos , Grijpma Dirk W.
Published: November 2018

Novel tough hydrogel materials are required for 3D-printing applications. Here, a series of thermoplastic polyurethanes (TPUs) based on poly(ɛ-caprolactone)-b-poly(ethylene glycol)-b-poly(ɛ-caprolactone) (PCL-b-PEG-b-PCL) triblock copolymers and hexamethylene diisocyanate (HDI) were developed with PEG contents varying between 30 and 70 mol%. These showed excellent mechanical properties not only when dry, but also when hydrated: TPUs prepared from PCL-b-PEG-b-PCL with PEG of Mn 6 kg/mol (PCL7-PEG6-PCL7) took up 122 wt.% upon hydration and had an E-modulus of 52 ± 10 MPa, a tensile strength of 17 ± 2 MPa, and a strain at break of 1553 ± 155% in the hydrated state. They had a fracture energy of 17976 ± 3011 N/mm2 and a high tearing energy of 72 kJ/m2. TPUs prepared using PEG with Mn of 10 kg/mol (PCL5-PEG10-PCL5) took up 534% water and were more flexible. When wet, they had an E-modulus of 7 ± 2 MPa, a tensile strength of 4 ± 1 MPa, and a strain at break of 147 ± 41%. These hydrogels had a fracture energy of 513 ± 267 N/mm2 and a tearing energy of 16 kJ/m2. The latter TPU was first extruded into filaments and then processed into designed porous hydrogel structures by 3D-printing. These hydrogels can be used in 3D printing of tissue engineering scaffolds with high fracture toughness.
Pharmacokinetics of Sublingually Delivered Fentanyl in Head and Neck Cancer Patients Treated with Curatively Aimed Chemo or Bioradiotherapy
Authors: Kuip Evelien J. M. , Oldenmenger Wendy H. , Oomen-de Hoop Esther , Verduijn Gerda M. , Thijs-Visser Martine F. , De Bruijn Peter , Van Meerten Esther , Koolen Stijn L. W. , Mathijssen Ron H. J. , Van der Rijt Carin C. D.
Published: November 2018

Over 90% of patients treated for head and neck cancer with curatively aimed chemo or bioradiotherapy will develop painful mucositis and xerostomia. Sublingually delivered fentanyl (SDL) is a rapid acting opioid to treat breakthrough pain. It is unclear how SDL is absorbed by the mucosa of these patients. Therefore, the aim of this study was to investigate the effects of mucositis and xerostomia on the absorption of SDL. Thirteen patients who received chemo or bioradiotherapy (RT), were given a single dose of fentanyl: Before start of RT, 3 and 6 weeks after start of RT, and 6 weeks after finishing RT. Pharmacokinetic samples were taken. The primary endpoint was the relative difference (RD) between systemic exposure to fentanyl (area under the curve; AUC) at baseline (AUCbaseline) and fentanyl AUC in the presence of mucositis grade ≥2. The secondary endpoint was the RD between AUCbaseline and fentanyl AUC in the presence of xerostomia, which were analyzed by means of a paired t-test on log-transformed data. Mucositis resulted in a 12.7% higher AUC (n = 13; 95% CI: −10.7% to +42.2%, p = 0.29) compared to baseline levels and xerostomia resulted in a 22.4% lower AUC (n = 8; 95% CI: −51.9% to +25.3%, p = 0.25) compared to baseline levels. Mucositis grade ≥2 or xerostomia caused by chemo or bioradiotherapy does not significantly alter the systemic exposure to SDL. Patients with pain during and after chemo or bioradiotherapy may be safely treated with SDL.
Seeking to Develop Global SYK-Ness
Authors: Khveshchenko Dmitri V.
Published: November 2018

Inspired by the recent interest in the Sachdev–Ye–Kitaev (SYK) model, we study a class of multi-flavored one- and two-band fermion systems with no bare dispersion. In contrast to the previous work on the SYK model that would routinely assume spatial locality, thus unequivocally arriving at the so-called ‘locally-critical’ scenario, we seek to attain a spatially-dispersing ‘globally-SYK’ behavior. To that end, a variety of the Lorentz-(non)invariant space-and/or-time dependent algebraically decaying interaction functions is considered and some of the thermodynamic and transport properties of such systems are discussed.
Integrated Daylighting Design by Combining Passive Method with DaySim in a Classroom
Authors: Kwon Choul Woong , Lee Kang Jun
Published: November 2018

This paper suggests a daylighting design method by combining a passive approach and advanced software to design external shading devices for daylighting in a classroom. A simplified method to predict and assess the indoor natural illuminance is a prerequisite for designers to design schools with better performance. Recently there has been growing demand for school refurbishment; mainly environmental improvement of classrooms in Korea. However, the passive approach of design has been neglected while the use of advanced simulation software has increased, requiring additional time and cost. Combining passive design methods with up-to-date numerical simulation is explored with shading devices to verify the daylighting distribution and daylight autonomy in classrooms with different orientations and shading forms. Weather tool Autodesk Ecotect, for the shading coefficient, and DaySim software (v3.0), for daylight autonomy, were adopted for the initial and the detail design stage, respectively. The findings support the linked design approaches of passive and advanced software would benefit designers in the strategic design process with further potential for design options and lighting electricity reduction.
Reaction of Ion Exchange Resins with Fenton’s Reagent
Authors: De Araujo Leandro Goulart , Marumo Júlio Takehiro
Published: November 2018

One of the most common treatment methods for spent ion exchange resins is their immobilization in cement, which reduces the release of radionuclides into the environment. Although this method is efficient, it considerably increases the final volume of the waste due to its low incorporation capacity. This work aims to evaluate the degradation of ion exchange resins by the Fenton process (H2O2/Fe2+). The resin evaluated was a mixture of cationic and anionic resins, both non-radioactive. The reactions were conducted by varying the catalyst concentration (25, 50, 100, and 150 mmol L−1) and the volume of hydrogen peroxide. Three different temperatures were evaluated by varying the flow of reactants, which were 50, 60, and 70 °C. Cement specimens were prepared from the treated solutions and two parameters were assessed—namely, final setting time and axial compressive strength. The results showed that the experimental conditions were suitable to dissolve the resins, and the Fe3+ produced as precipitate during the experiments increased the resistance of the final product. The immobilized product complied with the limits established by regulation.
Reply to Ortner
Authors: Schosser Josef
Published: November 2018

I address the comments made by Ortner (Games 9(4): 93, 2018) in relation to my note “Incentive Systems for Risky Investment Decisions Under Unknown Preferences: Ortner et al. Revisited” (Games 9(2): 26, 2018).
Radio Galaxies at VHE Energies
Authors: Rieger Frank , Levinson Amir
Published: November 2018

Radio Galaxies have by now emerged as a new γ-ray emitting source class on the extragalactic sky. Given their remarkable observed characteristics, such as unusual gamma-ray spectra or ultrafast VHE variability, they represent unique examples to probe the nature and physics of active galactic nuclei (AGN) in general. This review provides a compact summary of their observed characteristics at very high γ-ray energies (VHE; greater than 100 GeV) along with a discussion of their possible physics implications. A particular focus is given to a concise overview of fundamental concepts concerning the origin of variable VHE emission, including recent developments in black hole gap physics.
Pharmacological Inhibition of Inward Rectifier Potassium Channels Induces Lethality in Larval Aedes aegypti
Authors: Rusconi Trigueros Renata , Hopkins Corey R. , Denton Jerod S. , Piermarini Peter M.
Published: November 2018

The inward rectifier potassium (Kir) channels play key roles in the physiology of mosquitoes and other insects. Our group, among others, previously demonstrated that small molecule inhibitors of Kir channels are promising lead molecules for developing new insecticides to control adult female mosquitoes. However, the potential use of Kir channel inhibitors as larvicidal agents is unknown. Here we tested the hypothesis that pharmacological inhibition of Kir channels in the larvae of Aedes aegypti, the vector of several medically important arboviruses, induces lethality. We demonstrated that adding barium, a non-specific blocker of Kir channels, or VU041, a specific small-molecule inhibitor of mosquito Kir1 channels, to the rearing water (deionized H2O) of first instar larvae killed them within 48 h. We further showed that the toxic efficacy of VU041 within 24 h was significantly enhanced by increasing the osmolality of the rearing water to 100 mOsm/kg H2O with NaCl, KCl or mannitol; KCl provided the strongest enhancement compared to NaCl and mannitol. These data suggest: (1) the important role of Kir channels in the acclimation of larvae to elevated ambient osmolality and KCl concentrations; and (2) the disruption of osmoregulation as a potential mechanism of the toxic action of VU041. The present study provides the first evidence that inhibition of Kir channels is lethal to larval mosquitoes and broadens the potential applications of our existing arsenal of small molecule inhibitors of Kir channels, which have previously only been considered for developing adulticides.
First Case of Human Primary Vertebral Cystic Echinococcosis Due to Echinococcus Ortleppi
Authors: Basmaciyan Louise , Burlet Bénédicte , Ramla Selim , Blot Mathieu , Mahy Sophie , Aubriot-Lorton Marie-Hélène , Valot Stéphane , Grelat Mickael , Sautour Marc , Grenouillet Frederic , Knapp Jenny , Millon Laurence , Piroth Lionel , Martin Laurent , Dalle Frederic
Published: November 2018

Cystic echinococcosis (CE) is a cosmopolitan parasitic zoonosis affecting more than one million people worldwide. In humans, primary bone CE is rare and involvement of E. ortleppi is very uncommon. We report here the first case of primary vertebral cystic echinococcosis due to E. ortleppi in Burgundy, France.
Single Cylinder-Type Piezoelectric Actuator with Two Active Kinematic Pairs
Authors: Bansevicius Ramutis , Janutenaite-Bogdaniene Jurate , Jurenas Vytautas , Kulvietis Genadijus , Mazeika Dalius , Drukteiniene Asta
Published: November 2018

There is an ever-increasing demand for small-size, low-cost, and high-precision positioning systems. Therefore, investigation in this field is performed to search for various solutions that can meet technical requirements of precise multi-degree-of-freedom (DOF) positioning systems. This paper presents a new design of a piezoelectric cylindrical actuator with two active kinematic pairs. This means that a single actuator is used to create vibrations that are transformed into the rotation of the sphere located on the top of the cylinder and at the same time ensure movement of the piezoelectric cylinder on the plane. Numerical and experimental investigations of the piezoelectric cylinder have been performed. A mathematical model of contacting force control was developed to solve the problem of positioning of the rotor when it needs to be rotated or moved according to a specific motion trajectory. The numerical simulation included harmonic response analysis of the actuator to analyze the trajectories of the contact points motion. A prototype actuator has been manufactured and tested. Obtained results confirmed that such a device is suitable for both positioning and movement of the actuator in the plane.
Cytotoxic and Membrane Cholesterol Effects of Ultraviolet Irradiation and Zinc Oxide Nanoparticles on Chinese Hamster Ovary Cells
Authors: Kuebodeaux Regina E. , Bernazzani Paul , Nguyen Thi Thuy Minh
Published: November 2018

Zinc Oxide (ZnO) nanoparticles are suspected to produce toxic effects toward mammalian cells; however, discrepancies in the extent of this effect have been reported between different cell lines. Simultaneously, high levels of ultraviolet (UV-C) radiation can have carcinogenic effects. The mechanism of this effect is also not well understood. Due to similarities in phenotype morphology after cell exposure to ZnO nanoparticles and UV-C irradiation, we emit the hypothesis that the toxicity of both these factors is related to damage of cellular membranes and affect their sterol content. Wild-type Chinese Hamster Ovary (CHO-K1) cells were exposed to ZnO nanoparticles or UV-C radiation. The amount of absorbed ZnO was determined by UV-visible spectroscopy and the changes in sterol profiles were evaluated by gas chromatography. Cell viability after both treatments was determined by microscopy. Comparing morphology results suggested similarities in toxicology events induced by ZnO nanoparticles and UV exposure. UV-C exposure for 360 min disrupts the sterol metabolic pathway by increasing the concentration of cholesterol by 21.6-fold. This increase in cholesterol production supports the hypothesis that UV irradiation has direct consequences in initiating sterol modifications in the cell membrane.
Beneficial Effect of Oligofructose-Enriched Inulin on Vitamin D and E Status in Children with Celiac Disease on a Long-Term Gluten-Free Diet: A Preliminary Randomized, Placebo-Controlled Nutritional Intervention Study
Authors: Drabińska Natalia , Krupa-Kozak Urszula , Abramowicz Paweł , Jarocka-Cyrta Elżbieta
Published: November 2018

Prebiotics have been shown to improve absorption of some nutrients, including vitamins. This pilot study evaluated the effect of the prebiotic oligofructose-enriched inulin (Synergy 1) on fat-soluble vitamins status, parathormone, and calcium-related elements in pediatric celiac disease (CD) patients (n = 34) on a strict gluten-free diet (GFD). Participants were randomized into a group receiving 10 g of Synergy 1 or placebo (maltodextrin) together with a GFD. At baseline and after 3 months of intervention, 25-hydroxyvitamin D [25(OH)D], parathormone, vitamin E and A, calcium, phosphate, magnesium, total protein, and albumin were determined. Concentration of 25(OH)D increased significantly (p < 0.05) by 42% in CD patients receiving Synergy 1 in GFD, whereas no change was observed in placebo. Vitamin D status reached an optimal level in 46% of patients receiving Synergy 1. No significant difference in parathormone, calcium, and phosphate levels was observed. Concentration of vitamin E increased significantly (p < 0.05) by 19% in patients receiving Synergy 1, but not in the placebo. Vitamin A levels were not changed. Supplementation of GFD with Synergy 1 improved vitamin D and vitamin E status in children and adolescents with CD and could be considered a novel complementary method of management of fat-soluble vitamins deficiency in pediatric CD patients.
Does the Mediterranean Diet Protect against Stress-Induced Inflammatory Activation in European Adolescents? The HELENA Study
Authors: Carvalho Kenia M. B. , Ronca Débora B. , Michels Nathalie , Huybrechts Inge , Cuenca-Garcia Magdalena , Marcos Ascensión , Molnár Dénes , Dallongeville Jean , Manios Yannis , Schaan Beatriz D. , Moreno Luis , De Henauw Stefaan , Carvalho Livia A.
Published: November 2018

Stress increases inflammation but whether adherence to Mediterranean diet counteracts this association and how early can these effects be observed is not well known. We tested whether (1) cortisol is associated to inflammation, (2) cortisol is associated to the adolescent Mediterranean diet score (aMDS), (3) aMDS lessens inflammation, (4) aMDS associates with cortisol levels and inflammation. Two hundred and forty-two adolescents (137 females; 12.5–17.5 years old) provided salivary cortisol, blood and 2-day 24-h dietary recall from which aMDS was derived. Cortisol levels were associated with increased tumor necrosis factor (TNF-α B = 11.887, p = 0.001) when adjusted for age, gender, parental education and body mass index (BMI). Moreover, cortisol levels were inversely associated to adherence to the Mediterranean Diet (B = −1.023, p = 0.002). Adolescents with higher adherence to aMDS had lower levels of interleukins (IL) IL-1, IL-2, IL-6 and TNF-α, compared to those who did not adhere. The association between cortisol and TNF-α was no longer significant when aMDS was included in the model (B = 6.118, p = 0.139). In addition, comparing lower and higher aMDS groups, the association between cortisol and TNF-α was only observed in those with lower aMDS adherence. Our study suggests that adherence to the Mediterranean Diet may counteract the effect of stress on inflammatory biomarkers which may contribute to decreasing the risk of future mental health.
Densely PEGylated Polybenzofulvene Brushes for Potential Applications in Drug Encapsulation
Authors: Paolino Marco , Grisci Giorgio , Castriconi Federica , Reale Annalisa , Giuliani Germano , Donati Alessandro , Bonechi Claudia , Giorgi Gianluca , Mendichi Raniero , Piovani Daniele , Boccia Antonella Caterina , Canetti Maurizio , Samperi Filippo , Dattilo Sandro , Scialabba Cinzia , Licciardi Mariano , Paccagnini Eugenio , Gentile Mariangela , Cappelli Andrea
Published: November 2018

The technique of grafting side chains onto a linear polymeric backbone is commonly used to confer to the new polymeric material with desired properties, such as tunable solubility, ionic charge, biocompatibility, or specific interactions with biological systems. In this paper, two new polybenzofulvene backbones were assembled by spontaneous polymerization of the appropriate benzofulvene monomers (4,6-PO-BF3k and 4’,6-PO-BF3k) bearing two clickable propargyloxy groups in different positions of the 3-phenylindene scaffold. Poly-4,6-PO-BF3k and poly-4’,6-PO-BF3k were grafted with monomethyl oligo(ethylene glycol) (MOEG) to prepare two new polybenzofulvene brushes (i.e., poly-4,6-MOEG-9-TM-BF3k and poly-4’,6-MOEG-9-TM-BF3k) by means of a “grafting onto” approach, that were characterized from the point of view of their macromolecular features, aggregation liability, and in a preliminary evaluation of biocompatibility. The obtained results make these PEGylated polybenzofulvene brushes (PPBFB) derivatives potentially useful as nanocarriers for nanoencapsulation and delivery of drug molecules.
Thermal Properties of TiO2NP/CNT/LDPE Hybrid Nanocomposite Films
Authors: Zagho Moustafa M. , AlMaadeed Mariam Al Ali , Majeed Khaliq
Published: November 2018

This work aims to investigate the effect of hybrid filler concentration on the thermal stability of low-density polyethylene (LDPE) matrices. LDPE-based composite films were synthesized by melt mixing, followed by compression molding, to study the influence of titanium oxide nanoparticles (TONPs) and/or multi-walled carbon nanotubes (CNTs) on the thermal properties of LDPE matrices. Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy confirmed the slight increase in the band intensities after TONP addition and a remarkable surge after the incorporation of CNTs. The value of crystallization temperature (Tc) was not modified after incorporating TONPs, while an enhancement was observed after adding the hybrid fillers. The melting temperature (Tm) was not changed after introducing the CNTs and CNT/TONP hybrid fillers. The percentage crystallinity (Xc %) was increased by 4% and 6%, after incorporating 1 wt % and 3 wt % CNTs, respectively. The TONP incorporation did not modify the Xc %. Moreover, thermal gravimetric analysis (TGA) thermograms confirmed the increased thermal stability after introducing CNTs and hybrid fillers compared to TONP incorporation.
Modeling Financial System with Interbank Flows, Borrowing, and Investing
Authors: Maheshwari Aditya , Sarantsev Andrey
Published: November 2018

In our model, private actors with interbank cash flows similar to, but more general than that by Carmona et al. (2013) borrow from the non-banking financial sector at a certain interest rate, controlled by the central bank, and invest in risky assets. Each private actor aims to maximize its expected terminal logarithmic wealth. The central bank, in turn, aims to control the overall economy by means of an exponential utility function. We solve all stochastic optimal control problems explicitly. We are able to recreate occasions such as liquidity trap. We study distribution of the number of defaults (net worth of a private actor going below a certain threshold).
IP6 Regulation of HIV Capsid Assembly, Stability, and Uncoating
Authors: Dick Robert A. , Mallery Donna L. , Vogt Volker M. , James Leo C.
Published: November 2018

The mechanisms that drive formation of the HIV capsid, first as an immature particle and then as a mature protein shell, remain incompletely understood. Recent discoveries of positively-charged rings in the immature and mature protein hexamer subunits that comprise them and their binding to the cellular metabolite inositol hexakisphosphate (IP6) have stimulated exciting new hypotheses. In this paper, we discuss how data from multiple structural and biochemical approaches are revealing potential roles for IP6 in the HIV-1 replication cycle from assembly to uncoating.
Structure cristalline d'une chlorite chromifère
Authors: Garrido Julio
Published: November 2018

Étude de la structure cristalline d'une chlorite de La Capelada (Galicia, Espagne), contenant 1,9% de Cr₂O₃. La maille monoclinique a pour les dimensions : a = 5, 32 Å ; b = 9, 21 Å ; c = 14, 23 Å ; β = 97°. La structure est déduite en partant des idées de Pauling et en tenant compte des intensités des spectres observés sur des diagrammes de Weissenberg. La structure présente un désordre partiel qui explique des traînées continues existant sur les diagrammes.
Étude du comportement de l'aluminium lors de l'interaction H2O-verre : apport de la spectrométrie XPS et de la sonde ionique
Authors: Thomassin Jean-Hugues , Scherrer Stanislas , Baillif Patrick , Touray Jean-Claude , Naudin Francis
Published: November 2018

Pour mieux comprendre l'effet protecteur de l'aluminium sur les verres industriels soumis à la corrosion, on a abordé par deux méthodes (spectrométrie XPS, sonde ionique) l'étude de la composition superficielle d'un verre altéré par des solutions aqueuses.

Le matériau choisi est un verre flotté sur bain d'étain («float glass ») marqué sur plus d'une centaine d'angströms de profondeur par un profil de concentration de Sn.

Les expériences ont été menées à 20° C et 90° C, dans l'eau pure et dans des solutions diluées d'AlCl3 (2 ppm et 100 ppm Al). On a déterminé les profils SIMS de Sn, Si, Al et les rapports XPS Sn3d5/2/Si2p) et Al2p/Si2p) à deux incidences différentes.

L'ensemble des résultats permet :

— d'estimer le recul de l'interface initial par référence au profil de l'étain,

— d'établir une relation inverse entre ce recul et la concentration en Al des solutions,

— de mettre en évidence, dans tous les cas, un fort enrichissement superficiel en aluminium,

— d'observer une très forte incorporation d'Al dans le verre hydraté lors des attaques par les solutions à 2 ppm Al,

— de présenter un modèle de structure de la partie la plus superficielle du verre altéré.
Conditions d'apparition du fer natif dans une enclave de schiste graphiteux d'une basanite des Cévennes
Authors: Maury René Charles , Picot Paul
Published: November 2018

The xenolith has suffered partial melting and chemical exchange with the host magma, followed by recrystallization. The analysis of its components proves that the native iron (associated with ilmenite, pyrrhotite, rutile, spinel, orthopyroxene, albite, glass) results from the reduction of the iron oxides of the xenolith by its graphite at 800° C under fO2 = 10-20,6 bars.
Les phosphates d'uranyle et d'aluminium de Kobokobo. II. La phuralumite Al2 (UO2)3 (PO4)2 (OH)6 • 10H2O et l'upalite Al (UO2)3 (PO4)2 (OH)3, nouveaux minéraux
Authors: Deliens Michel , Piret Paul
Published: November 2018

Phuralumite occurs as yellow lemon prismatic crystals. Perfect vertical cleavage {010}. Maximum length 1/2 mm. Density (measured) 3.5 g/cm3. Optically biaxial negative, 2V = 40° ; ng (pale yellow) = 1.624, nm (pale yellow) = 1.616 and np (bright yellow) = 1.559. Phuralumite is monoclinic, P21/a with a = 13.87 Å, b = 20.79 Å, c = 9.38 Å and β = 112° ; Z = 4 ; d(calc) = 3.54 g/cm3. The strongest lines of the X-ray powder pattern are : 10.4 Å (100) 020, 3.08 Å (80) 202-213-422, 5.17 Å (70) 040 and 3.40 Å (50) 242. Formula deduced from electron microprobe analysis (H2O by difference) : Al2 (UO2)3(PO4)2(OH)6-10H2O.

Upalite occurs as acicular prisms. Colour : amber yellow, transparent. Maximum length : 1/3 mm. Cleavage {010} distinct. Density (measured) 3.5 g/cm3. The mineral is orthorhombic ; space group Bbcm or Bba2 with a = 34.68 Å , b = 16.81 Å and c = 13.72 Å. Z = 16. Calculated density 3.58 g/cm3. The strongest lines of the X-ray powder pattern are : 8.4 Å (100) 020, 4.18 Å (80) 040, 3.43 Å (80) 004 and 2.903 Å (75) 10.2.2. Upalite is biaxial, 2 V(—) = 74° ; ng (canary yellow) = 1.676, nm (canary yellow) = 1.666 and np (colourless) = 1.649. Formula from microprobe analysis (H2O by difference) : Al (UO2)3 (OP4)2 (OH)3. Structural group of phosphuranylite, as well as phuralumite.

Both minerals occur at Kobokobo, Kivu, Zaïre, as crystalline crusts and veinlets on pegmatitic rocks. The names after the chemical composition.
L'aubertite, un nouveau chlorosulfate hydraté de cuivre et d'aluminium
Authors: Cesbron Fabien , Ginderow Daria , Sichère Marie-Claude , Vachey Hélène
Published: November 2018

Aubertite is a new hydrated copper-aluminium chloro-sulfate found with copiapite, botryogene, amarantite, parabutlerite and metahohmannite at Quetena, Antofagasta province, Chile.

The mineral is triclinic with a = 6.288 Å ; b = 13.239 ; c = 6.284 ; α = 91° 52' ; β = 94° 4°' and γ = 82° 27' ; the space group is P-1. The principal d-spacing, with relative intensities and hkl values are : 6.25 (45) 001 ; 5.59 (44) 011 ; 4.83 (40) 120 ; 4.50 (100) 111 ; 4.247 (69) 101-120 ; 3.952 (58) 111 ; 3.690 (42) 121 ; 3.130 (42) 002 ; 3. 113 (40) 210. Measured density 1.815 and calculated density 1.83 g .cm-3 with Z = 1.

No crystalline forms were observed but a very good cleavage along (010). Aubertite is biaxial negative with 2 V = 71° ; refractive indices are : α (np) = 1.462 ; β (nm) = 1.482 and γ (ng) = 1.495.

The chemical analysis gave : CuO 11.80 % ; Al2O3 9.16 ; Na2O 0.13 ; K2O 0.05 ; CaO 0.18 ; SO3 28.30 ; Cl 6.70 ; H2O 45.40 ; sum 101.72 ; — O = Cl 1.51 ; sum 100.21. This gives the formula CuCl2 • CuO • Al2O3 • 4SO3 • 28H2O or CuAl (SO4)2Cl. 14H2O.

Aubertite is named from its discoverer, the geologist J. Aubert. The original specimens are deposited in the mineralogical collections of the Université P. et M. Curie and of the École nationale supérieure des Mines de Paris.
Différenciations paragénétiques d'origine métasomatique à l'île de Groix (Morbihan, France)
Authors: Triboulet Claude
Published: November 2018

On a comparé le comportement des éléments majeurs de la série basique à affinité calco-alcaline de Port-Lay (glaucophanite à grenats, amphibolite à grenats, schiste vert plus ou moins rétromorphosés) au sein de la série, et aussi avec le comportement des mêmes éléments appartenant à d'autres séries calco-alcalines. On montre que CaO et H2O (SiO2 en excès) ont pu migrer lors de la première phase de métamorphisme, tous les autres éléments étant parfaitement inertes. L'analyse à la microsonde des différentes amphiboles et des grenats a permis d'équilibrer les 19 réactions univariantes entre les minéraux suivants : glaucophane, édénite, actinote alumineuse, albite, grenat, chlorite, épidote. L'analyse de ces réactions montre qu'à partir d'une série d'amphibolites peu différenciées, des échanges chimiques peuvent engendrer une série très différenciée : schiste vert par lessivage de CaO et SiO2 avec déshydratation, glaucophanite par apport de CaO et SiO2.
Zeolites in shoshonitic volcanics of the north-eastern Azerbaijan (Iran)
Authors: Comin-Chiaramonti Piero , Pongiluppi Daria , Vezzalini Giovanna
Published: November 2018

Au moyen d'analyses chimiques et de RX, on a examiné les zéolites provenant de onze localités situées dans le domaine du volcanisme shoshonitique de l'Azerbaijan nord-oriental (Iran). A partir des données rassemblées sur les paragenèses locales, on suggère que les zéolites se formeraient en milieu hydrothermal de basse température, à la faveur de réactions entre eaux météoriques et matériaux solides, le long du parcours des coulées de lave.
Géochimie des éléments hygromagmatophiles, coefficients de partage minéraux /liquides et propriétés structurales de ces éléments dans les liquides magmatiques
Authors: Treuil Michel , Joron Jean-Louis , Jaffrezic Henri , Villemant Benoît , Calas Georges
Published: November 2018

The term hygromagmatophile element may be applied to those elements who maintain high stability in silicate liquid. They may be identified by (1) low crystal /liquid partition coefficient ; (2) high enrichment factors in a given differenciation series ; (3) linear correlations between the concentrations of pairs of such elements.

We propose that the behaviour of hygromagmatophile elements is governed more by the formation of stabilizing complexes in the silicate liquids than by their rejection by the crystallizing solids. When expressed in terms of possible complexes, the activity of the trace element in the liquid becomes a function that may be sensitive to small changes in chemical composition and structural state. This would explain the range of behaviour of a given trace elements in different magmatic series (basaltic, calco-alkaline, alkaline, etc.). Moreover, recent structural studies of the liquid state give factual ground to our hypothesis.
Les variations chimiques des clinopyroxènes calciques, témoins de la complexité des processus pétrogénétiques à l'intérieur d'un réservoir magmatique (Exemple des ponces des Champs Phlégréens Campanie, Italie)
Authors: Métrich Nicole
Published: November 2018

Diopside and salite occur together in latitic and trachytic pumices in Phlegrean Fields. Optical and chemical studies by electron microprobe (Camebax) on clinopyroxenes, and optical thermometry on the two phases inclusions (glass + gaz) (which can be used to get a minimal crystallization of the host mineral) present in these crystals show that :

— diopside crystallize from a trachybasaltic melt 1,155 °C ± 10 °C,

— cognate diopsidic pyroxene exist either as phenocrysts in a latitic and trachytic pumices, or as core of salite in latitic pumice,

— inversed zoning and oscillatory zoning (with diopsidic and salitic compositions) occur in these salites,

— minimal crystallization temperatures measured on the melt inclusions are : 1,020 °C ± 10 °C, 1,040 °C ± 10 °C for more ferriferous salite in trachyte. These variations can be correlated with compositional variations of the phenocrysts.

— Melt inclusions of some apatite included in the pyroxene of trachyte point out the same temperature 1,020 °C ± 10 °C.

The results suggest the coexistence of different cogenetic magmas at different differentiation degrees. The observed compositional change from trachybasaltic and trachytic melts is consistent with a fractional crystallization process with removal of diopside and olivine in the first step then salite, plagioclase, magnetite and a more and more important role of the sanidine in the most evolved liquids. These hypotheses are in agreement with the magma chamber model proposed by Armienti et al. (in press).
Le karst des Arbailles (Pyrénées-Atlantiques, France)
Authors: Vanara Nathalie
Published: November 2018

THE MASSIF OF ARBAILLES (WEST PYRENEES).

The Arbailles massif (200 -1 200 m) is located in the french north face of Pyrenees, Atlantic side. It forms a folded 165 square-kilometres unit of jurassic and cretaceous limestones under an oceanic climate of altitude (2000 mm/year). Observations jointly made on the surface and in the numerous underground galleries allow an occurate correlation of alternate surrective and karstic periods. The dismantled cavities and deposits pockets of the upper surface show two series of minerals, those from weathered marly-albian limestones and others supplied from the conglomerates pudding-stones of Mendibelza.

During the Miocene, the Arbailles massif is a low area of tropical erosion on the side of the main mounts. Its surrection caused the scouring of the alterites cover, the formation of fields of karstic butts and a definitive drying of the fluviatile paleosystem.

The different levels of dried valleys and the karstic hydrographie systems are successive stations of the karstic levels of origine. Paleomagnetic datations in Etxanko Zola and U/Th datations in Nébélé show that the surrection has been of about 500 m since lower Pleistocene. At the present time, water collection is made throught drainage systems without any connection to the fossil topography. Three aquifers can be distinguished : in lower cretaceous, in jurassic and in north and south limits. They are water-repellent because of more or less impermeable screens. Waters are agressive in summer and at equilibrium or lightly undersaturated the rest of the year. The modern human activities creates a recent destabilization of the environment with local erosions of grounds and an increasing turbidity of springs. An occurate study in the fail of Istaurdy allows a mesure of the effect of deforestation for the whole massif
L'âne de Buridan, le principe de Curie et l'effet-cheminée. Courant d'air dans les cavités en forme de U
Authors: Lismonde Baudouin
Published: November 2018

The Buridan's donkey ; the principle of curie and the chimney effect (air flow in u-shaped cavity).

In a U shaped cave there is an air flow in winter. This phenomenon is a beautiful exemple of physical broken symmetry. In summer, it is possible to observe a pendulum oscillation of cold air in a U-shaped cavity.
Etude du fonctionnement d'une cavité englacée durant un cycle climatique. Site de la glacière d'Autrans (Vercors). Premiers résultats
Authors: Perroux Anne-Sophie
Published: November 2018

Dans le cadre des recherches sur les enregistrements environnementaux à haute résolution dans les dépôts rythmés souterrains, nous menons une étude sur la Glacière d'Autrans dans le but d'analyser une carotte de glace souterraine. Les observations rapportées ici sont le fruit d'une étude préliminaire sur la glacière et sur son fonctionnement par rapport aux fluctuations climatiques externes actuelles. Il en ressort notamment l'identification de deux fonctionnements différents selon les saisons et l'importance de la morphologie de la cavité sur les courants d'air.
Contribution spéléologique à la gestion durable d'un lac de montagne : traçages au-dessus du Königssee (Alpes de Berchtesgaden - Bavière - Allemagne)
Authors: Delannoy Jean-Jacques , Plassmann Guido , Apel Rolf , Kraft Hans , Nedjaï Rachid
Published: November 2018

Ein Beitrag der Höhlenforschung zum Nachhaltigen Management eines Gebirgssees : Färbungen innerhalb des Einzugsbeckens des Königssees (Berchtesgadener Alpen, Bayern Devtschland).

Dieser Artikel hat zum Ziel die Ergebnisse von zwei Serien von Färbeversuchen im Simetsberg im Gebiet des Steinemen Meeres der ôstlichen bayerischen Kalkalpen vorzustellen.

Diese Färbeversuche hatten zum Ziel die Richtung und die Modalitaten der Karstentwässerung dieses Massivs zu bestimmen um die Verletzbarkeit des Königssees, der abgesehen von seiner hohen Wasserqualität (oligotrophes Wasser), eines der wichtigsten touristischen Ziele Bayerns darstellt. Mehr ah 800 000 Touristen besuchen jährlich die Halbinsel St. Bartholomä. Aufgrund der Lage dieses Karstes im Herzen des Nationalparks Berchtesgaden, wurde dieses Projekt von diesem Schutzgebiet in Zusammenarbeit mit französischen Karstologen geleitet. Die erste Serie von Färbeversuchen hatte zum Ziel die Entwässerung der Salzgrabenhohle, eines der wichtigsten Karstphanomene dieser Region zu definieren ; die zweite Serie bezog sich auf die Färbung von drei Seen im Steinernen Meer, von denen sich einer in unmittelbarer Nähe eines grofien Unterkunftshauses befindet das einen potentiellen Verschmutzungsherd der Oberflächenwasser und der Wasser des Endokarstes darstellt : Diese beide Aktion en haben es erlaubt zum einen die direkten hydrogeologischen Verbindungen zwischen der Entwässerung der Salzgrabenhohle und des Königssees und mm anderen den sehr transmissiven Charakter dieses Karstes nachzuweisen. Diese hohe Wasserdurchlässigkeit der tiefen Karstentwässerung nötigt zu einem konsequenten Handeln im Verskkerungsbereich um jedes Verschmutzungsrisiko des Königssees zu vermeiden.
Erosion et ruissellement sur karst nu : les îles subpolaires de la Patagonie chilienne (Magallanes, Chili)
Authors: Hobléa Fabien , Jaillet Stéphane , Maire Richard ,   Ultima Patagonia 2000
Published: November 2018

Au cours de l'expédition Ultima Patagonia (2000) qui a exploré le karst de l'île de Madré de Dios en Patagonie chilienne, les modalités de l'écoulement et de l'érosion ont fait l'objet d'observations et de mesures de terrain pour tenter d'expliquer l'hypertrophie et les caractères particuliers (formes profilées...) des lapiés spectaculaires qui défoncent les affleurements de calcaires et marbres. Des mesures hydrologiques et morphométriques ont été effectuées sur un petit bassin-versant d'environ 1000 m2. Un premier traitement de ces mesures, rapporté au contexte climatique subpolaire océanique met en évidence la faiblesse de l'évaporation sur karst nu malgré le vent, et l'efficacité érosive du ruissellement Ces mesures sont corrélées avec celles effectuées à partir des formes mises en saillie par érosion différentielle entre roches solubles et insolubles (tables de lapiaz, dykes...), qui montrent de plus le rôle du vent dans le profilage de formes de lapiés inconnues en dehors des îles calcaires de Patagonie. Le taux d'ablation exokarstique est de l'ordre de 100 mm/millénaire
Reconstitution morphologique du Larzac (Larzac central, Aveyron, France) : le rôle des formations superficielles
Authors: Bruxelles Laurent
Published: November 2018

L'étude des sédiments post-jurassiques, des formations superficielles, et des dépôts piégés dans les cavités karstiques a permis, en les associant aux formes du relief, de reconstituer plusieurs événements majeurs dans l'évolution morphologique du Causse du Larzac. La découverte de témoins d'une couverture sédimentaire crétacée permet de saisir les premières étapes morphogéniques des plateaux des Grands Causses. Après l'épisode bauxitique, la transgression coniacienne a d'ailleurs fossilisé une paléotopographie différenciée sous une centaine de mètres de calcaires gréseux. Dans un second temps, l'érosion de ces dépôts libère une grande quantité de matériel. Il s'incorpore à des altérites variées, allochtones ou autochtones (formations quartzeuses, argiles à chailles), constituant une véritable couverture superficielle qui a contribué au développement d'aplanissements karstiques crevés de méga-dolines (sotchs). Entre l'Éocène et le Miocène, ces mêmes processus continentaux déterminent l'enfoncement de la surface karstique scandé par des niveaux de replats emboîtés. Aux processus d'aplanissement se substituent ensuite des dynamiques d'érosion linéaire marquées par le creusement des canyons et des reculées karstiques. Depuis le Miocène, la surface du plateau est profondément affectée par le soutirage karstique qui engendre poljés, dolines et réseaux souterrains.