bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Modeling sensitivity of 3D, 9-C wide azimuth data to changes in fluid content and crack density in cracked reservoirs
Authors: Rusmanugroho Herurisa , McMechan George A.
Published: October 2010

The volume density of cracks and the fluids contained in them are salient aspects of characterization of cracked reservoirs. Thus, it is of practical importance to investigate whether variations in these reservoir properties are detectable in seismic observations. Eighth-order staggered-grid, 3D finite-difference simulations generate nine-component amplitude variations with offset and azimuth (AVOAZ) for reflections from the top of a vertically cracked zone embedded in an isotropic host. The T-matrix method is used to calculate elastic stiffness tensors. Responses for various crack densities and fluid contents show sensitivity to the spatial orientation of, and variation in, anisotropy. In isotropic media, when source and receiver components have the same orientation (such as XX and YY), reflection amplitude contours align approximately perpendicular to the particle motion. Mixed components (such as XY and YX) have amplitude patterns thatare symmetrical pairs of the same, or opposite, polarity on either side of the diagonal of the 9-C response matrix. In anisotropic media, AVOAZ data show the same basic patterns and symmetries as for isotropic media but with a superimposed tendency for alignment parallel to the strike of the vertical cracks. The data contain combined effects related to the source, receiver, and crack orientations. The sensitivity of data to changes in fluid content is quantified by comparing the differences between responses to various fluid conditions, to the maximum amplitude of oil-filled crack responses. For a crack density of 0.1, amplitude differences are [Formula: see text] for oil-dry and [Formula: see text] for oil-brine. The corresponding values for S-wave reflections are [Formula: see text] for oil-dry and [Formula: see text] for oil-brine. Amplitude changes caused by changing the oil-filled crack density from 0.1 to 0.2 are [Formula: see text] for P-wave reflections and [Formula: see text] for S-wave reflections. These differences are visible in AVOAZ data and are potentially diagnostic for reservoir characterization.
Randomized Phase III Study of Panitumumab With Fluorouracil, Leucovorin, and Irinotecan (FOLFIRI) Compared With FOLFIRI Alone As Second-Line Treatment in Patients With Metastatic Colorectal Cancer
Authors: Peeters Marc , Price Timothy Jay , Cervantes Andrés , Sobrero Alberto F. , Ducreux Michel , Hotko Yevhen , André Thierry , Chan Emily , Lordick Florian , Punt Cornelis J.A. , Strickland Andrew H. , Wilson Gregory , Ciuleanu Tudor-Eliade , Roman Laslo , Van Cutsem Eric , Tzekova Valentina , Collins Simon , Oliner Kelly S. , Rong Alan , Gansert Jennifer
Published: October 2010

Purpose

Panitumumab is a fully human anti–epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) monoclonal antibody that improves progression-free survival (PFS) in chemotherapy-refractory metastatic colorectal cancer (mCRC). This trial evaluated the efficacy and safety of panitumumab plus fluorouracil, leucovorin, and irinotecan (FOLFIRI) compared with FOLFIRI alone after failure of initial treatment for mCRC by tumor KRAS status.

Patients and Methods

Patients with mCRC, one prior chemotherapy regimen for mCRC, Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group performance status 0 to 2, and available tumor tissue for biomarker testing were randomly assigned 1:1 to panitumumab 6.0 mg/kg plus FOLFIRI versus FOLFIRI every 2 weeks. The coprimary end points of PFS and overall survival (OS) were independently tested and prospectively analyzed by KRAS status.

Results

From June 2006 to March 2008, 1,186 patients were randomly assigned 1:1 and received treatment. KRAS status was available for 91% of patients: 597 (55%) with wild-type (WT) KRAS tumors, and 486 (45%) with mutant (MT) KRAS tumors. In the WT KRAS subpopulation, when panitumumab was added to chemotherapy, a significant improvement in PFS was observed (hazard ratio [HR] = 0.73; 95% CI, 0.59 to 0.90; P = .004); median PFS was 5.9 months for panitumumab-FOLFIRI versus 3.9 months for FOLFIRI. A nonsignificant trend toward increased OS was observed; median OS was 14.5 months versus 12.5 months, respectively (HR = 0.85, 95% CI, 0.70 to 1.04; P = .12); response rate was improved to 35% versus 10% with the addition of panitumumab. In patients with MT KRAS, there was no difference in efficacy. Adverse event rates were generally comparable across arms with the exception of known toxicities associated with anti-EGFR therapy.

Conclusion

Panitumumab plus FOLFIRI significantly improved PFS and is well-tolerated as second-line treatment in patients with WT KRAS mCRC.
Phase II Selection Design Trial of Concurrent Chemotherapy and Cetuximab Versus Chemotherapy Followed by Cetuximab in Advanced-Stage Non–Small-Cell Lung Cancer: Southwest Oncology Group Study S0342
Authors: Herbst Roy S. , Kelly Karen , Chansky Kari , Mack Philip C. , Franklin Wilbur A. , Hirsch Fred R. , Atkins James N. , Dakhil Shaker R. , Albain Kathy S. , Kim Edward S. , Redman Mary , Crowley John J. , Gandara David R.
Published: October 2010

Purpose

Randomized clinical trials failed to show a survival benefit for epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) tyrosine kinase inhibitors plus concurrent chemotherapy in patients with metastatic non–small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC), with preclinical data suggesting potential negative interactions. In contrast, pilot trials of the EGFR-targeted antibody, cetuximab, plus chemotherapy suggested enhanced antitumor activity. This randomized phase II trial was designed to select a cetuximab plus chemotherapy regimen for phase III evaluation.

Patients and Methods

Treatment-naive patients with advanced-stage NSCLC were randomly assigned to receive paclitaxel (225 mg/m2) and carboplatin (area under the curve, 6) every 3 weeks plus concurrent cetuximab (400 mg/m2 loading dose followed by 250 mg/m2 weekly) for four cycles followed by maintenance cetuximab or sequential paclitaxel-carboplatin for four cycles followed by cetuximab.

Results

Of 242 patients enrolled, 224 were eligible and assessable for response (106 and 118 patients in the concurrent and sequential arms, respectively). With a median follow-up time of 32 months, the median overall survival was 10.9 months (95% CI, 9.2 to 13.0 months) for patients receiving concurrent therapy and 10.7 months (95% CI, 8.5 to 12.8 months) for patients receiving sequential therapy (P = .57); 1-year survival rates were 45% (95% CI, 36% to 54%) and 44% (95% CI, 35% to 53%), respectively. Response rates and progression-free survival times were similar in both arms, as was grade 3 rash, whereas sensory neuropathy was higher in the concurrent arm (15% v 5% in the sequential arm; P = .036).

Conclusion

Although both regimens met the efficacy criterion for continued evaluation, the concurrent regimen of paclitaxel/carboplatin plus cetuximab was chosen.
Immunologic Escape After Prolonged Progression-Free Survival With Epidermal Growth Factor Receptor Variant III Peptide Vaccination in Patients With Newly Diagnosed Glioblastoma
Authors: Sampson John H. , Heimberger Amy B. , Archer Gary E. , Aldape Kenneth D. , Friedman Allan H. , Friedman Henry S. , Gilbert Mark R. , Herndon James E. , McLendon Roger E. , Mitchell Duane A. , Reardon David A. , Sawaya Raymond , Schmittling Robert J. , Shi Weiming , Vredenburgh James J. , Bigner Darell D.
Published: October 2010

Purpose

Immunologic targeting of tumor-specific gene mutations may allow precise eradication of neoplastic cells without toxicity. Epidermal growth factor receptor variant III (EGFRvIII) is a constitutively activated and immunogenic mutation not expressed in normal tissues but widely expressed in glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) and other neoplasms.

Patients and Methods

A phase II, multicenter trial was undertaken to assess the immunogenicity of an EGFRvIII-targeted peptide vaccine and to estimate the progression-free survival (PFS) and overall survival (OS) of vaccinated patients with newly diagnosed EGFRvIII-expressing GBM with minimal residual disease. Intradermal vaccinations were given until toxicity or tumor progression was observed. Sample size was calculated to differentiate between PFS rates of 20% and 40% 6 months after vaccination.

Results

There were no symptomatic autoimmune reactions. The 6-month PFS rate after vaccination was 67% (95% CI, 40% to 83%) and after diagnosis was 94% (95% CI, 67% to 99%; n = 18). The median OS was 26.0 months (95% CI, 21.0 to 47.7 months). After adjustment for age and Karnofsky performance status, the OS of vaccinated patients was greater than that observed in a control group matched for eligibility criteria, prognostic factors, and temozolomide treatment (hazard ratio, 5.3; P = .0013; n = 17). The development of specific antibody (P = .025) or delayed-type hypersensitivity (P = .03) responses to EGFRvIII had a significant effect on OS. At recurrence, 82% (95% CI, 48% to 97%) of patients had lost EGFRvIII expression (P < .001).

Conclusion

EGFRvIII-targeted vaccination in patients with GBM warrants investigation in a phase III, randomized trial.
Atomic Radii for Depicting Atoms in a Molecule II: The Effective Atomic Radius and van der Waals Radius from 1H to 54Xe
Authors: Tatewaki Hiroshi , Hatano Yasuyo , Naka Takatoshi , Noro Takeshi , Yamamoto Shigeyoshi
Published: October 2010

We consider the effective atomic radius (rear), defined as the distance from the nucleus at which the magnitude of the electric field is that in He at one half of the equilibrium bond length of He2, for atoms from H to Xe. The value of rear accurately reflects the electronic configuration; for example, the effective radius shortens smoothly from B 2s22p1 to Ne 2s22p6, in contrast to the van der Waals radius (rvdW) which behaves irregularly with atomic number from B to Ne. The valence radii (rval) are also defined and discussed. Values of rear and rval are used to depict the electron charge distribution of the homonuclear diatomic molecules of groups 15, 18, and transition-metal atoms, and provide insight into the characteristics of these molecules.
Bright White Upconversion Luminescence in β-NaGd0.794Yb0.20Ho0.001Tm0.005F4 Nanoparticles
Authors: De Gejihu , Yu Menggenqilavuqi , Bao Siqin
Published: October 2010

β-NaGd0.794Yb0.20Ho0.001Tm0.005F4 nanoparticles were synthesized through a simple hydrothermal method. The nanoparticles crystallized well and exhibited nearly hexagonal morphology and ellipsoidal spheres, as characterized by X-ray powder diffraction and transmission electron microscopy. The β-NaGd0.794Yb0.20Ho0.001Tm0.005F4 nanoparticles have an average size of about 23 nm. Room-temperature bright white upconversion luminescence in β-NaGd0.794Yb0.20Ho0.001Tm0.005F4 nanoparticles was obtained under single-wavelength diode laser excitation of 980 nm.
Synthesis and Optoelectronic Properties of Completely Carbazole-substituted Double-decker-shaped Silsesquioxane
Authors: Kohri Michinari , Matsui Jun , Watanabe Akira , Miyashita Tokuji
Published: October 2010

An organic–inorganic hybrid amorphous molecular material; carbazole-substituted double-decker-shaped silsesquioxane (DDSQ-4Cz) was synthesized, and an organic light-emitting diode was fabricated using the spin-coated DDSQ-4Cz film as a hole transport layer.
Solution-phase Assembly of a Rhodium Complex via Specific Hydrogen Bonding between Barbituric Acid and Triaminopyrimidine Moieties
Authors: Kondo Masataka , Kochi Takuya , Sato Mitsuo , Kitajima Aki , Kakiuchi Fumitoshi
Published: October 2010

Solution-phase assembly of a Rh complex using specific hydrogen bonding between BA and TAP moieties was achieved by tuning the substituent on TAP to control the solubility of the assembly.
The Importance of Choosing the Right Validation Strategy in Inverse Modelling
Authors: Kemps Bart J. , Saeys Wouter , Mertens Kristof , Darius Paul , De Baerdemaeker Josse G. , De Ketelaere Bart
Published: October 2010

Inverse modelling techniques, such as principal component regression, partial least squares regression and support vector machines, are very powerful multivariate calibration strategies which are widely used in near infrared spectroscopy. However, these techniques are so efficient in finding correlations between the spectral variables and the parameter to be predicted that great care should be taken to avoid over-optimistic results by use of a proper validation strategy. In this study, different validation strategies were investigated on a dataset that was acquired during various measurement days. The goal was to predict albumen freshness based on spectral measurements. Validation procedures frequently applied in practice, i.e. 10-fold cross-validation (10-fold CV) and validation based on random subdivision in calibration and validation set (RS) were compared to a cross-validation across measuring day (MD). Whereas 10-fold CV and RS validation suggested that prediction of albumen freshness is possible, MD validation on the same dataset indicated that albumen freshness cannot be predicted from the spectral measurements. It is shown that inverse modelling is very sensitive to unspecific correlations between the spectral measurements and the dependent variable, which might be artifacts of the measurement protocol and will not be persistent in the future. Therefore, selection of the right validation strategy for a given application and critical evaluation of the obtained results are crucial steps in inverse modelling to obtain useful calibration models. More specifically, in the context of process analytical technology where spectra are acquired over time, great care should be taken to break the unspecific correlation between the dependent variable and the variations in the spectral measurements over time.
Near Infrared Quantitative Analysis of Total Curcuminoids in Rhizomes of Curcuma Longa by Moving Window Partial Least Squares Regression
Authors: Kasemsumran Sumaporn , Keeratinijakal Vichien , Thanapase Warunee , Ozaki Yukihiro
Published: October 2010

The present paper reports an application of moving window partial least squares regression (MWPLSR) to determine total curcuminoid content in rhizomes of Curcuma longa by near infrared (NIR) spectroscopy. The MWPLSR method was applied to original and pretreated NIR data of Curcuma longa rhizomes to select informative regions for total curcuminoids. Afterward, partial least squares (PLS) calibration models were developed and compared for each spectral region proposed by MWPLSR and the whole spectral region. The best PLS calibration model for total curcuminoids was obtained from 2nd derivative NIR spectra in the region of 2040–2486 nm. The standard error of prediction was 1.00%w/w and the ratio of prediction to deviation was 4.9 when using seven principle components. NIR spectroscopy combined with MWPLSR can lead to better calibration models with higher performance.
Comparisons of Two Hand-Held, Multispectral Field Radiometers and a Hyperspectral Airborne Imager in Terms of Predicting Spring Wheat Grain Yield and Quality by Means of Powered Partial Least Squares Regression
Authors: Øvergaard Stein Ivar , Isaksson Tomas , Kvaal Knut , Korsaeth Audun
Published: October 2010

Three radiometric instruments were compared as tools for predicting crop yield and grain quality: a CropScan instrument with 13 photodiodes (485–1650 nm), a 2150-channel FieldSpec3 instrument (350–2500 nm) and a HySpex airborne hyperspectral line scanner with 160 image wavelength layers (400–1000 nm). The first two instruments are point spectroradiometers, while the HySpex is an imaging instrument with a pixel size of 20 × 20 cm on the ground when the instrument is used at an altitude of 1000 m. A spring wheat field experiment of 160 plots was measured five times during the 2007 growing season. At harvest, grain yield was measured on each plot and analysed for moisture, protein, gluten, starch concentration and Zeleny sedimentation value. A recent statistical method, powered partial least squares (PPLS), was used for modelling and variable selection. The predictive performance of the calibrated models was very good, with coefficients of determination for the validation data ( r2pred) reaching 0.97 and 0.94 for grain yield and grain protein concentration, respectively. The predictions ( r2pred) of the other grain quality variables were in the range of 0.88–0.92. The airborne HySpex did not perform as well as the other instruments, most likely due to its limited spectral range. FieldSpec3 was significantly better than CropScan in most cases, probably as the former instrument has wider spectral range, a larger number of wavelengths and higher spectral resolution than the latter. A PPLS variable selection was carried out, which reduced the analysed data set from 975 wavelengths to 3–5 wavelengths. Although the number of retained variables was very low, the reduced models still had almost the same predictive ability as the PPLS models based on the full data set. The obtained simplicity of the calibration models indicates that a very small and lightweight instrument could be suitable for crop monitoring. Lightweight instruments are crucial for the utilisation of small unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs). UAV technology is evolving quickly and small, cost effective UAV platforms are already available on the market. The concept of combining a UAV with a specifically designed instrument could provide an extremely versatile and cost effective system for crop monitoring.
Extended Child and Caregiver Benefits of Behavior-Based Child Contingency Learning Games
Authors: Dunst Carl J. , Raab Melinda , Trivette Carol M. , Wilson Linda L. , Hamby Deborah W. , Parkey Cindy
Published: October 2010

Findings from 2 studies of the relationship between response-contingent child behavior and child, caregiver–child, and caregiver behavior not directly associated with child contingency learning are described. The participants were 19 children with significant developmental delays and their mothers in 1 study and 22 children with significant developmental delays and their teachers in the second study. Caregivers engaged the children in learning games characterized by behavior-based contingencies for 15 weeks. Research staff observed the children and their caregivers in everyday routines and activities and rated child and caregiver behavior while the children and caregivers were not playing the games. Results from both studies showed that the degree of response-contingent responding during the games was related to child and caregiver behavior, not the focus of the contingency learning opportunities afforded the children. Implications for practice are described.
Spectroscopic Evidence of the Mechanism Involved in the Cationic Diglycidyl Ether of Bisphenol A Curing with Rare Earth Metal Triflates
Authors: Spegazzini Nicolás , Ruisánchez Itziar , Larrechi M. Soledad , Serra Angels , Mantecon Ana
Published: October 2010

The cross-linking of diglycidyl ether of bisphenol A (DGEBA) using three rare earth triflates as initiators (lanthanum, ytterbium, and scandium) was studied by in situ Fourier transform infrared (FT-IR) spectroscopy. Cationic ring opening of epoxides can proceed through two different mechanisms: activated monomer (AM) and active chain end (ACE). Using advanced chemometric methods such as perturbation-correlation moving-window two dimensional correlation spectroscopy (PCMW2D) and multivariate curve resolution–alternating least squares (MCR-ALS) it has been possible to obtain spectroscopic evidence of the two mechanisms. Traditionally, the demonstration of different mechanism pathways requires designing specific experiments. The novelty of the present study is to find, without a specific experimental design, spectroscopic evidence of the pathway of the polymerization process and to analyze the effect of these initiators, as well as the evolution of the species that takes part in the curing process by structural techniques such as attenuated total reflection (ATR) FT-IR.
A Graphical Method to Evaluate Spectral Preprocessing in Multivariate Regression Calibrations: Example with Savitzky—Golay Filters and Partial Least Squares Regression
Authors: Delwiche Stephen R. , Reeves James B.
Published: October 2010

In multivariate regression analysis of spectroscopy data, spectral preprocessing is often performed to reduce unwanted background information (offsets, sloped baselines) or accentuate absorption features in intrinsically overlapping bands. These procedures, also known as pretreatments, are commonly smoothing operations or derivatives. While such operations are often useful in reducing the number of latent variables of the actual decomposition and lowering residual error, they also run the risk of misleading the practitioner into accepting calibration equations that are poorly adapted to samples outside of the calibration. The current study developed a graphical method to examine this effect on partial least squares (PLS) regression calibrations of near-infrared (NIR) reflection spectra of ground wheat meal with two analytes, protein content and sodium dodecyl sulfate sedimentation (SDS) volume (an indicator of the quantity of the gluten proteins that contribute to strong doughs). These two properties were chosen because of their differing abilities to be modeled by NIR spectroscopy: excellent for protein content, fair for SDS sedimentation volume. To further demonstrate the potential pitfalls of preprocessing, an artificial component, a randomly generated value, was included in PLS regression trials. Savitzky–Golay (digital filter) smoothing, first-derivative, and second-derivative preprocess functions (5 to 25 centrally symmetric convolution points, derived from quadratic polynomials) were applied to PLS calibrations of 1 to 15 factors. The results demonstrated the danger of an over reliance on preprocessing when (1) the number of samples used in a multivariate calibration is low (<50), (2) the spectral response of the analyte is weak, and (3) the goodness of the calibration is based on the coefficient of determination (R2) rather than a term based on residual error. The graphical method has application to the evaluation of other preprocess functions and various types of spectroscopy data.
Detection of Citrus Huanglongbing by Fourier Transform Infrared—Attenuated Total Reflection Spectroscopy
Authors: Hawkins Samantha A. , Park Bosoon , Poole Gavin H. , Gottwald Timothy , Windham William R. , Lawrence Kurt C.
Published: October 2010

Citrus Huanglongbing (HLB, also known as citrus greening disease) was discovered in Florida in 2005 and is spreading rapidly amongst the citrus growing regions of the state. Detection via visual symptoms of the disease is not a long-term viable option. New techniques are being developed to test for the disease in its earlier presymptomatic stages. Fourier transform infrared-attenuated total reflection (FT-IR-ATR) spectroscopy is a candidate for rapid, inexpensive, early detection of the disease. The mid-infrared region of the spectrum reveals dramatic changes that take place in the infected leaves when compared to healthy non-infected leaves. The carbohydrates that give rise to peaks in the 900–1180 cm−1 range are reliable in distinguishing leaves from infected plants versus non-infected plants. A model based on chemometrics was developed using the spectra from 179 plants of known disease status. This model then correctly predicted the status of >95% of the plants tested.
Signal-to-Noise Contribution of Principal Component Loads in Reconstructed Near-Infrared Raman Tissue Spectra
Authors: Grimbergen M. C. M. , Van Swol C. F. P. , Kendall C. , Verdaasdonk R. M. , Stone N. , Bosch J. L. H. R.
Published: October 2010

The overall quality of Raman spectra in the near-infrared region, where biological samples are often studied, has benefited from various improvements to optical instrumentation over the past decade. However, obtaining ample spectral quality for analysis is still challenging due to device requirements and short integration times required for ( in vivo) clinical applications of Raman spectroscopy. Multivariate analytical methods, such as principal component analysis (PCA) and linear discriminant analysis (LDA), are routinely applied to Raman spectral datasets to develop classification models. Data compression is necessary prior to discriminant analysis to prevent or decrease the degree of overfitting. The logical threshold for the selection of principal components (PCs) to be used in discriminant analysis is likely to be at a point before the PCs begin to introduce equivalent signal and noise and, hence, include no additional value. Assessment of the signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) at a certain peak or over a specific spectral region will depend on the sample measured. Therefore, the mean SNR over the whole spectral region (SNRmsr) is determined in the original spectrum as well as for spectra reconstructed from an increasing number of principal components. This paper introduces a method of assessing the influence of signal and noise from individual PC loads and indicates a method of selection of PCs for LDA. To evaluate this method, two data sets with different SNRs were used. The sets were obtained with the same Raman system and the same measurement parameters on bladder tissue collected during white light cystoscopy (set A) and fluorescence-guided cystoscopy (set B). This method shows that the mean SNR over the spectral range in the original Raman spectra of these two data sets is related to the signal and noise contribution of principal component loads. The difference in mean SNR over the spectral range can also be appreciated since fewer principal components can reliably be used in the low SNR data set (set B) compared to the high SNR data set (set A). Despite the fact that no definitive threshold could be found, this method may help to determine the cutoff for the number of principal components used in discriminant analysis. Future analysis of a selection of spectral databases using this technique will allow optimum thresholds to be selected for different applications and spectral data quality levels.
Improving the Discriminatory Power of a Near-Infrared Microscopy Spectral Library with a Support Vector Machine Classifier
Authors: Fernández-Ibáñez V. , Fearn T. , Montanes E. , Quevedo J. R. , Soldado A. , De La Roza-Delgado B.
Published: October 2010

A multi-group classifier based on the support vector machine (SVM) has been developed for use with a library of 48 456 spectra measured by near-infrared reflection microscopy (NIRM) on 227 samples representing 26 animal feed ingredients and 4 possible contaminants of animal origin. The performance of the classifier was assessed by a five-fold cross-validation, dividing at the sample level. Although the overall proportion of misclassifications was 27%, almost all of these involved the confusion of pairs of similar ingredients of vegetable origin. Such confusions are unimportant in the context of the intended use of the library, which is the detection of banned ingredients in animal feed. The error rate in discrimination between permitted and banned ingredients was just 0.17%. The performance of the SVM classifier was substantially better than that of the K-nearest-neighbors method employed in previous work with the same library, for which the comparable error rates are 36% overall and 0.39% for permitted versus banned ingredients.
Wave-Mixing Circular Dichroism Detector for Chiral Liquid Chromatography
Authors: Nunes Jon A. , Tong William G.
Published: October 2010

A circular dichroism (CD) detector based on laser four-wave mixing (FWM) is demonstrated using separate injections of analyte enantiomers onto a standard silica-based microbore high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) column. Using the chiral column, a preliminary “detected” mass detection limit of 180 pg is determined inside a laser probe volume of 200 pL, corresponding to a circular dichroism detection limit, ΔA, of 2.2 × 10−5 for (—) camphorquinone. Detection sensitivity levels are dramatically improved when our FWM-CD detector is interfaced to a microbore system due to the lower mobile-phase flow rates and the smaller sample concentrations required for the analysis. Using the microbore column, a preliminary circular dichroism detection limit, ΔA, of 1.6 × 10−6 and a preliminary concentration detection limit of 4.1 × 10−4 M are determined for camphorquinone. This corresponds to a “detected” mass detection limit of 33 pg for the chiral compound. Laser wave mixing offers better detection limits than conventional circular dichroism detection methods and, hence, offers many promising applications.
Contact Pressure Effects on Vibrational Bands of Kaolinite during Infrared Spectroscopic Measurements in a Diamond Attenuated Total Reflection Cell
Authors: Friedrich Frank , Weidler Peter G.
Published: October 2010

Over the last decades infrared spectroscopy has become a frequently used method to investigate the structure and bonding properties of clay minerals. Along with classic transmission techniques, attenuated total reflection (ATR) spectroscopy has been applied as a very fast and easy method. In this study we compared transmission spectra of kaolinite with ATR spectra obtained by a single-reflection diamond ATR accessory (Golden Gate Mark II). The ATR spectra showed anomalous band positions that were obviously affected by the applied contact pressure of the sapphire anvil. Most of these vibrations can be assigned to basal Si–O bonds and all of them shifted their positions to lower wavenumbers. It is suggested that these peak shifts are due to changes in the Si–O–Si bond angle θ. They are caused by distortions and rotations of SiO4 units within the tetrahedral sheet, due to shear forces perpendicular to the uniaxial pressure applied by the anvil. Furthermore, the intensity of a normally very weak transversal optical mode (TO mode) of the inner surface hydroxyls (3684 cm−1) remarkably increased with increasing contact pressure, while the longitudinal optical mode (LO mode) at 3694 cm−1 strongly decreased its intensity. This possibly is determined by a strong alignment of the platy kaolinite particles along their ab-planes due to the applied pressure.
Analytical Spectroscopic Investigation of Wavelength and Pulse Duration Effects on Laser-Induced Changes of Egg-Yolk-Based Tempera Paints
Authors: Oujja Mohamed , Pouli Paraskevi , Domingo Concepción , Fotakis Costas , Castillejo Marta
Published: October 2010

The application of laser cleaning methodologies to light-sensitive substrates such as those encountered in artistic paintings is an extremely delicate issue. The cleaning of paintings and polychromes is an irreversibly invasive intervention; therefore, prior to the implementation of laser cleaning methodologies, a thorough characterization of the interaction between laser pulses and painting components is required. In this work, the modifications induced by irradiation with pulses of 150 picoseconds (at 1064 and 213 nm) and 15 nanoseconds (at 213 nm) on unvarnished aged model egg-yolk-based paints were examined following a spectroanalytical approach. Laser-induced chemical changes on samples of unpigmented and widely used artist's pigment temperas were investigated by spectrofluorimetry and Fourier transform Raman spectroscopy, while color changes were quantified by colorimetry. Noticeable modifications of the Raman and fluorescence bands attributed to pigments are absent except for vermillion, for which the pigment bands tend to disappear upon irradiation at 1064 nm. Interestingly, no discoloration was observed on most of the pigments upon irradiation at 213 nm (150 ps), including the light-sensitive vermillion, while no indications of carbonization or charring of the paint layers, which could give rise to amorphous carbon bands, were obtained at any of the irradiation conditions explored. Comparison of the results using the two different pulse durations and wavelengths illustrates the participation of mechanisms of diverse origin according to the chemical composition of the pigment and highlights the importance of the optimization of the laser parameters, specifically fluence, pulse duration, and wavelength, in conservation treatments of paintings.
Micro- and Macro-Attenuated Total Reflection Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopic Imaging
Authors: Kazarian Sergei G. , Chan K. L. Andrew
Published: October 2010

Fourier transform infrared (FT-IR) spectroscopic imaging has become a very powerful method in chemical analysis. In this review paper we describe a variety of opportunities for obtaining FT-IR images using the attenuated total reflection (ATR) approach and provide an overview of fundamental aspects, accessories, and applications in both micro- and macro-ATR imaging modes. The advantages and versatility of both ATR imaging modes are discussed and the spatial resolution of micro-ATR imaging is demonstrated. Micro-ATR imaging has opened up many new areas of study that were previously precluded by inadequate spatial resolution (polymer blends, pharmaceutical tablets, cross-sections of blood vessels or hair, surface of skin, single live cells, cancerous tissues). Recent applications of ATR imaging in polymer research, biomedical and forensic sciences, objects of cultural heritage, and other complex materials are outlined. The latest advances include obtaining spatially resolved chemical images from different depths within a sample, and surface-enhanced images for macro-ATR imaging have also been presented. Macro-ATR imaging is a valuable approach for high-throughput analysis of materials under controlled environments. Opportunities exist for chemical imaging of dynamic aqueous systems, such as dissolution, diffusion, microfluidics, or imaging of dynamic processes in live cells.
Preparation of Magnetic Silica Nanoparticle-Supported Iron Tetra-Carboxyl Phthalocyanine Catalyst and its Photocatalytic Properties
Authors: Chen Xiaolan , Zou Jianli , Liu Lihua , Zhang Yong , Huang Jiao
Published: October 2010

Iron tetra-carboxyl phthalocyanine (TCFePc) was covalently immobilized to the surface of core-shell magnetite silica nanoparticles (NPs) as facilely separated supported catalyst, namely P-M SiO2 NPs, for catalyzing the degradation of organic pollutants in aqueous solution under visible light irradiation. X-ray diffraction, transmission electron microscopy (TEM), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), superconducting quantum interference device (SQUID), and ultraviolet–visible (UV-Vis) spectroscopy were used to characterize the sample. The photocatalytic activity of P-M SiO2 NPs was determined using rhodamine B (RhB) and methyl orange (MO) as the objective decomposition substances. The results revealed that the novel supported catalyst exhibited good catalytic activity over a wide pH range, and the degradation rate of RhB and MO is up to 90% during 120 min of reaction. Moreover, it is noteworthy that the catalyst can be easily separated using an external magnetic field and employed directly for the next round of reaction.
Determination of Trace Amounts of Rare-Earth Elements in Clean Steel by Inductively Coupled Plasma Optical Emission Spectrometry after Removal of Iron Matrix with Anion-Exchange Resin
Authors: Xu Yuyu , Wang Hui , Wang Guoxin , Wu Cheng , Zhou Jinfan
Published: October 2010

Inductively coupled plasma optical emission spectrometry (ICP-OES) was applied to the determination of trace rare-earth elements in clean steel. The steel sample was dissolved with a mixture of hydrochloric acid (HC1), nitric acid (HNO3), and hydrogen peroxide (H2O2), with the solution passing through a column packed with the anion-exchange resin DOWEX 1×8–200. Iron was absorbed selectively on the resin column, and the analytes of interest passed through the column and were effectively separated from the iron matrix. Conditions of separation were optimized. When the sample solution was spiked with 10 μg of the analytes of interest, the recoveries ranged from 88% to 102%, and relative standard deviations were between 6% and 21% ( n = 6). The method was successfully applied to the determination of trace amounts of targeted elements in clean steel.
Assessment of Refractive Index of Pigments by Gaussian Fitting of Light Backscattering Data in Context of the Liquid Immersion Method
Authors: Niskanen Ilpo , Peiponen Kai-Erik , Räty Jukka
Published: October 2010

Using a multifunction spectrophotometer, the refractive index of a pigment can be estimated by measuring the backscattering of light from the pigment in immersion liquids having slightly different refractive indices. A simple theoretical Gaussian function model related to the optical path distribution is introduced that makes it possible to describe quantitatively the backscattering signal from transparent pigments using a set of only a few immersion liquids. With the aid of the data fitting by a Gaussian function, the measurement time of the refractive index of the pigment can be reduced. The backscattering measurement technique is suggested to be useful in industrial measurement environments of pigments.
Seasonal movements, home ranges, and territoriality of male swamp rabbits in southeastern Arkansas
Authors: Vale Karen B. , Kissell Robert E.
Published: October 2010

Swamp rabbits (Sylvilagus aquaticus) are of conservation concern throughout portions of its range, and information regarding spatial organization is important for proper species management. Little is known about spacing patterns of swamp rabbits; few studies have directly investigated spatial patterns, particularly related to territoriality. We used radio-telemetry to assess seasonal (dormant, growth, and senescent) home range sizes, seasonal and monthly movements, and territoriality among male swamp rabbits. Mean seasonal home range sizes ranged from 3.8 to 8.4 ha using the 95% fixed kernel density estimator and no differences among seasons were observed. Swamp rabbits moved less during the senescent season than the growth season. Mean seasonal dyad overlap ranged from 7.5 to 13.8%, and no differences were found among seasons. Overlap of all male radio-collared swamp rabbits ranged from 16.7 to 29.8% across seasons. Male swamp rabbits demonstrated non-territoriality during two of the three seasons based on spatial overlap of core use areas. Home range size might not be the best indicator of habitat quality for male swamp rabbits and management efforts aimed at habitat restoration or reintroduction should consider that some swamp rabbits could require more area, even on sites considered to be high quality.
Kommentierende Analyse zu Liberatus, Breviarium 1-7
Authors: Drecoll Volker Henning
Published: October 2010

The article offers a detailed analysis of the Latin text of the Breviarium, chapters 1-7, in the Schwartz-edition. The list of content, inserted directly befor the Breviarium in the collectio Sangermanensis cannot be affirmed as authentic (but it seems to be elder than the collectio Sangermanensis). The title and the prooemium offer short hints to person and work of Liberatus. The use of sources in the following chapters offers serious problems and cannot be described as a coherent, consequent method. Liberatus uses the Historia tripartita sometimes verbally, sometimes only summarizing it. Sometimes he inserts even further informations of unknown origin. And he knows an alia lectio of the Historia tripartita, presumably an otherwise unknown version of Socrates' Historia ecclesiastica. For Apollinaris he offers an interesting image of his heresy, but for Paul of Samosata he simply uses the polemical strategy started by Eusebius of Dorylaeum and Caelestinus of Rome against Nestorius. The inthronisation of Maximinus is located on a wrong chronological place by Liberatus, so Liberatus is not always sure in his understanding of the complexe processes of the early 5th century.
Das Bild der Kaiser bei Liberatus
Authors: Leppin Hartmut
Published: October 2010

The image of the emperors sketched by Liberatus is interesting in comparison with other church historians, e.g. of the 5th century. From Liberatus' point of view the emperors do not play an active role nor they have clear theological positions. Instead of this, the best emperor has the best advisors. The emperors seem to act only if necessary, and wrong or bad decisions can regularly lead back to wrong or bad advisors. While the theological position of the emperors seems to be not so important, the emperors are not responsible for the heavy struggles and controversies in the church.
Tendenziöse Historiographie bei Liberatus: Von Proterius bis Athanasios II
Authors: Bleckmann Bruno
Published: October 2010

The comparison of Liberatus with Ps.Zacharias Rhetor shows considerable differences. Liberatus seems to use an own source, probably the Graecum Alexandriae scriptum. Since Liberatus seems to be quite dependent in his use of his sources, the tendency that is different from Ps.Zacharias seems to go back to this source. Thus Liberatus is an important witness for such an Alexandrian counterpart of Ps.Zacharias.
Ein auftragsorientierter Ansatz zur kameraübergreifenden Personenverfolgung in verteilten Kameranetzwerken
Authors: Monari Eduardo , Kroschel Kristian
Published: October 2010

In diesem Artikel wird ein generischer Ansatz und eine Prozessarchitektur zur auftragsorientierten Sensordatenanalyse vorgestellt. Zunächst werden anhand von Anwendungsbeispielen aus der Videoüberwachung die Vorteile einer auftragsorientierten Informationsverarbeitung gegenüber dem klassischen sensororientierten Ansatz beschrieben. Des Weiteren wir eine generische Prozessarchitektur vorgestellt, welche eine effiziente auftragsorientierte Informationsverarbeitung ermöglicht. Schließlich werden spezielle Ausprägungen der eingeführten Systemkomponenten vorgestellt, um die exemplarische Anwendung der kameraübergreifenden Personenverfolgung zu realisieren.
Fluorodesoxyglucose uptake in the remaining adrenal glands during the follow-up of patients with adrenocortical carcinoma: do not consider it as malignancy
Authors: Leboulleux S , Deandreis D , Escourrou C , Al Ghuzlan A , Bidault F , Aupérin A , Travagli J P , Lumbroso J , Schlumberger M , Baudin E
Published: October 2010

Objective

To make the specificity of fluorodesoxyglucose (18FDG) positron emission tomography (PET) precise, in the follow-up of patients with adrenal cancer.

Design

This single centre retrospective study assessed the frequency and outcome of 18FDG uptake in the remaining adrenal glands after adrenalectomy for adrenocortical carcinoma (ACC) or malignant phaeochromocytoma (PH).

Results

Two hundred and ten 18FDG PET scans in 62 ACC patients, all under 1,ortho-1,para′-dichloro-diphenyl-dichloro-ethane (o,p′-DDD) treatment, and 30 18FDG PET scans in 8 PH patients were reviewed. Abnormal 18FDG uptake in the remaining adrenal glands was found in 19 (8%) 18FDG PET scans, in 10 (16%) ACC patients and in none of the PH patients. 18FDG uptake was found in 4% of the patients before the onset of o,p′-DDD, in 29% of the patients 0–6 months after the onset of o,p′-DDD (P=0.05), in 26% of the patients 6–12 months (P=0.072) after the onset of o,p′-DDD and in 14% of the patients 12–24 months after the onset of o,p′-DDD. It was never found later than 24 months after the onset of o,p′-DDD. Adrenal glands with 18FDG uptake were normal on computed tomography scans with i.v. contrast agent in all cases. 18FDG uptake in the remaining adrenal glands decreased and disappeared on subsequent FDG PET imaging in eight of the patients with follow-up available.

Conclusions

18FDG uptake in the remaining adrenal glands occurred in 14–29% of the patients followed for ACC within 24 months after adrenalectomy and onset of o,p′-DDD. This uptake is transient and should not be considered as suspicious for malignancy.
Salvage Penile Curvature Correction Surgery
Authors: Hsieh Cheng‐Hsing , Chen Heng‐Shuen , Lee Wen‐Yuan , Chen Kuo‐Liang , Chang Chao‐Hsiang , Hsu Geng‐Long
Published: October 2010

ABSTRACT: It is commonly believed that coarser suture materials should be used to provide sufficient tenacity in surgery for penile curvature correction. We report our 15‐year experience of fine sutures in a second operation in 31 patients who underwent prior curvature correction elsewhere with coarser sutures, resulting in recurrent penile curvature. Suture materials used in prior surgeries in these patients were either 2‐0 or 3‐0 nylon sutures. In this series, all 31 patients underwent a modified Nesbit procedure at the level of the collagen bundles using finer sutures. Prior to July 1998, 10 men underwent salvage surgery using 4‐0 polyglactin sutures. Thereafter, we adapted 6‐0 nylon sutures for another 21 patients. We categorized the patients into the polyglactin (n = 10) and nylon (n = 21) groups respectively. Overall, 29 patients were available for follow‐up while using the abridged 5‐item version of the International Index of Erectile Function (IIEF‐5) scoring system, with 21 patients in the nylon group. We have found cavernosography a practical and reliable method to objectively assess penile morphology in these patients. The penile morphology both subjectively and objectively was excellent in all patients, except for 1 in each group. Erectile function restoration showed a trend of satisfaction in the polyglactin group and based on IIEF‐5 was significantly improved in the nylon group (14.2 ± 3.6 vs 21.9 ± 2.1, n = 20, P < .001). These results suggest that in penile tunical surgery, fine sutures such as 6‐0 nylon may result in better penile morphology and functional outcomes.
The Changes of Cortactin p80/85 Isoform Profiles and Tyrosine Phosphorylation Status During Spermatogenesis in the Mouse Testis
Authors: Miyaso Hidenobu , Komiyama Masatoshi , Matsuno Yoshiharu , Naito Munekazu , Hirai Shuichi , Itoh Masahiro , Mori Chisato
Published: October 2010

ABSTRACT: Cortactin—an F‐actin–binding protein—regulates actin polymerization and plays an important role in cytoskeleton actin dynamics. Cortactin functions are reportedly regulated by changes in its isoform (p80/85) profiles and phosphorylation status. Although essential for spermatogenesis, the exact role of cortactin in the testis has not been well elucidated. Herein, we examined its dynamics in isoform profiles and tyrosine phosphorylation levels during spermatogenesis in mice. Western blot analysis showed that the amount of the p85 isoform of cortactin particularly decreased during stages VI–VIII. In the p80 isoform, cortactin phosphorylations at both tyrosine 421 and 466 were detected during stages XII–V and VI–VIII. For the p85 isoform, tyrosine 466 phosphorylation of cortactin, not 421, was detected during stages XII–V and VI–VIII, and this phosphorylation particularly increased during stages VI–VIII. The tyrosine 466 phosphorylation level of the p85 isoform of cortactin relative to the total amount of the p85 isoform notably increased during stages VI–VIII. Additionally, immunohistochemical analysis showed localization of the tyrosine 466–phosphorylated cortactin around the heads of elongating and elongated spermatids. Finally, we examined the effect of flutamide—an antiandrogen—on cortactin isoform profiles and phosphorylation status. The amount of tyrosine 466–phosphorylated p85 isoform of cortactin relative to the total amount of the p85 isoform of cortactin decreased after flutamide injection, whereas no change was detected with regard to the total amount of cortactin p85 isoform. These data suggest the possibility that localization of the more tyrosine 466–phosphorylated p85 isoform of cortactin around the heads of elongated spermatids is important for stages VII–VIII processes and that its phosphorylation site of the p85 isoform might be a target for creating a novel contraceptive and treating infertility in the future.