bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Iatrogenically Displaced Lower Wisdom Tooth Into Submandibular Space: A Case Report And Review On Retrieval Approaches
Authors: Mukul Sailesh Kumar
Published: February 2022

Accidental displacement of wisdom tooth and its elements are one of the uncommon complications. The common facial spaces involved during the displacement of lower wisdom teeth are Sub mandibular, Sublingual and Pterygomandibular spaces. Such complications have adverse physical and psychological impact over the patients. The management can vary from conservative observation to surgical retrieval; depending on the presenting clinical conditions, location and the relationship of the displaced elements with respect to the anatomic structures. Retrieval of a displaced root tip from these spaces may be complex due to poor visualization, limited access and under limited experience. This is a case report with a review on approaches for surgical retrieval, of a young male patient aged 28 years, who presented with a displaced mandibular third molar root into the Submandibular space during unsuccessful surgical removal by a general practitioner 2 weeks earlier. The presenting complaints were Limited mouth opening and pain during chewing on the right lower jaw. The case was managed surgically through extra oral approach under local anesthesia and MAC.
Novel glyproline GZK-111 with neuropsychotropic activity
Authors: Koliasnikova K. N. , Alyaeva A. G. , Kuznetsova E. A.
Published: February 2022

Thе article represents a review of our own researches, which describes the design, synthesis and pharmacological properties of linear substituted glyproline GZK-111, a potential drug for the complex treatment of psychiatric pathologies, including anxiety, depressive disorders, and cognitive impairment. The relationship between structure and activity in a series of this glyproline analogs is described. The experimental evidence of the GZK-111 ability to metabolized with the formation of cycloprolylglycine, which is identical to the endogenous cyclic dipeptide, is presented. The data on toxicological and pharmacokinetic studies of GZK-111 are presented.
Investigation of the fabomotizol dihydrochloride effect on the morphological picture of the heart left ventricle in rats with the subacute myocardial infarction
Authors: Miroshkina I. A. , Sorokina A. V. , Tsorin I. B. , Stolyaruk V. N. , Vititnova M. B. , Kryzhanovskiy S. A. , Durnev A. D.
Published: February 2022

The purpose of the study. Investigation of the effect of the fabomotizol dihydrochloride systematic therapy on the morphological picture of the heart left ventricle (LV) in rats in the subacute period of myocardial infarction. Materials and methods. Myocardial infarction (MI) modeling was carried out using the A.Selye method. Fabomotizol dihydrochloride was administered to rats intraperitoneally 1 time per day from the 15th to the 28th day after MI at a dose of 15 mg/kg. At the end of the experiment, euthanasia and a pathoanatomic autopsy were performed. Samples of hearts after fixation in formalin and standard wiring were poured into paraffin blocks. Histological sections of the hearts were microscoped in transmitted light. Results. Dilation of the LV cavity and thinning of its walls in animals treated with fabomotizol dihydrochloride are less pronounced than in control rats with MI. In the periinfarction zone of the myocardium in rats treated with fabomotizol dihydrochloride, wave-like deformation and fragmentation of cardiomyocytes is less intense, and the transverse striation of myofibrils, on the contrary, is more pronounced than in the control. In animals treated with fabomotizol dihydrochloride, the periinfarction zone is well vascularized. Conclusion. According to the results of morphological studies performed on a model of subacute MI in rats, it was demonstrated that systematic therapy with fabomotizole dihydrochloride contributes not only to a significant reduction in the necrosis zone, but also to a certain extent prevents the development of early postinfarction remodeling. In rats treated with fabomotizol dihydrochloride, in contrast to control animals, reparative processes prevail in the cardiac muscle. These observations indicate the presence of cardioprotective activity in the drug.
The influence of Piracetam and Phenotropil on brain dopamine and serotonin metabolism in CD-1 mice sub-populations, diverging in attention sustainability
Authors: Sukhorukova N. A. , Kudrin V. S. , Narkevich V. B. , Kovalev G. I.
Published: February 2022

The effect of subchronic administration of the nootropics Phenotropil (100 mg/kg/day) on the behavior of CD-1 outbreed mice in the "closed enriched cross maze" test (CECM) was studied. Predominantly, the mouse population was divided into subpopulations according to their values of individual attention index for novel objects in the maze compartments – highly attentive (ED-high) and low attentive (ED-low). It was found that Phenotropil increased the attention index in ED-low, but disimproved it in the ED-high subpopulation, and also changed parameteres of anxiety and locomotor activity; this distinguished it from the more selective effect of Piracetam (200 mg/kg/day). The higher selectivity of Piracetam was also shown in relation to dopamine metabolism processes in the prefrontal cortex: the drug normalized the metabolic turnover of intracellular (DOPAC/DA) as well as extracellular (HVA/DA) dopamine, while Phenotropil influenced on the former only. Thus, positive effect of Piracetam on the attention level in ED-low mice corresponds to the normalization of both indicators of dopamine metabolism in the prefrontal cortex, while Phenotropil showed non-selectivity onto both behavioral and neurochemical parameters. Piracetam and Phenotropil failed to affect the cortical and striatal serotonin metabolism in both subpopulations.
Evaluation of the effect of the neurotoxin MPTP and the antiparkinsonian drug hemantane on the DNA integrity in the brain structures of C57BL/6 mice
Authors: Anisina E. A. , Zhanataev A. K. , Nepoklonov A. V. , Kotelnikova S. O. , Valdman E. A.
Published: February 2022

Hemantane (N-adamant-2-yl-hexamethylenimine hydrochloride) is an antiparkinsonian drug with a multicomponent mechanism of action, including a modulating effect on the activity of dopamine and serotonergic mediator systems, a selective inhibitory effect on MAO-B, properties of a low-affinity non-competitive channel blocker of glutamate NMDA receptors, has moderate antiradical and anti-inflammatory activity. The aim of this study was to assess the effect of the neurotoxin MPTP, which is used for modeling of parkinsonian syndrome, and the hemantane on the DNA integrity in the striatum and frontal cortex of the brain of C57BL/6 mice by the DNA comet assay – gel electrophoresis of DNA single cells. Results. In the first experiment, hemantane was administered once a day for 5 days before the MPTP (20 mg/kg, i.p.), then together with MPTP once a day for 5 days. In the second experiment hemantane 10 mg/kg was injected preliminarily for 4 days and 40 minutes before MPTP 30 mg/kg. The obtained results confirm the absence of an effect on DNA of hemantane at a therapeutic dose of 10 mg / kg. In the experimental schemes used, we did not reveal the expected increase in the level of DNA damage under the influence of MPTP, and, accordingly, we were not able to assess the protective effect of hemantane.
The Chemical and B-Isotope Composition of Tourmaline from Intra-Granitic Pegmatites in the Las Chacras-Potrerillos Batholith, Argentina
Authors: Ribacki Enrico , Trumbull Robert B. , López de Luchi Mónica G. , Altenberger Uwe
Published: February 2022

The Devonian Las Chacras-Potrerillos batholith comprises six nested monzonitic to granitic intrusions with metaluminous to weakly peraluminous composition and a Sr-Nd isotopic signature indicating a dominantly juvenile mantle-derived source. The chemically most evolved units in the southern batholith contain a large number of intra-granitic, pod-shaped tourmaline-bearing pegmatites. This study uses in situ chemical and boron isotopic analyses of tourmaline from nine of these pegmatites to discuss their relationship to the respective host intrusions and the implications of their B-isotope composition for the source and evolution of the magmas. The tourmalines reveal a diversity in element composition (e.g., FeO, MgO, TiO2, CaO, MnO, F) which distinguishes individual pegmatites from one another. However, all have a narrow δ11B range of –13.7 to –10.5‰ (n = 100) which indicates a relatively uniform magmatic system and similar temperature conditions during tourmaline crystallization. The average δ11B value of –11.7‰ is typical for S-type granites and is within the range reported for peraluminous granites, pegmatites, and metamorphic units of the Ordovician basement into which the Las Chacras-Potrerillos batholith intruded. The B-isotope evidence argues for a crustal boron source like that of the Ordovician basement, in contrast to the metaluminous to weakly peraluminous composition and juvenile initial Sr and Nd isotope ratios of the Las Chacras-Potrerillos batholith magmas. We propose that the boron was not derived from the magma source region but was incorporated from dehydration melting of clastic metasedimentary rocks higher up in the crustal column.
Direction-selective modulation of visual motion rivalry by collocated tactile motion
Authors: Liaw Gwenisha J. , Kim Sujin , Alais David
Published: February 2022

Early models of multisensory integration posited that cross-modal signals only converged in higher-order association cortices and that vision automatically dominates. However, recent studies have challenged this view. In this study, the significance of the alignment of motion axes and spatial alignment across visual and tactile stimuli, as well as the effect of hand visibility on visuo-tactile interactions were examined. Using binocular rivalry, opposed motions were presented to each eye and participants were required to track the perceived visual direction. A tactile motion that was either a leftward or rightward sweep across the fingerpad was intermittently presented. Results showed that tactile effects on visual percepts were dependent on the alignment of motion axes: rivalry between up/down visual motions was not modulated at all by left/right tactile motion. On the other hand, visual percepts could be altered by tactile motion signals when both modalities shared a common axis of motion: a tactile stimulus could maintain the dominance duration of a congruent visual stimulus and shorten its suppression period. The effects were also conditional on the spatial alignment of the visual and tactile stimuli, being eliminated when the tactile device was displaced 15 cm away to the right of the visual stimulus. In contrast, visibility of the hand touching the tactile stimulus facilitated congruent switches relative to a visual-only baseline but did not present a significant advantage overall. In sum, these results show a low-level sensory interaction that is conditional on visual and tactile stimuli sharing a common motion axis and location in space.
SEMANTIC-FUNCTIONAL CHARACTERISTICS OF THE CONSTRUCTIONS OF THE TYPE KOY (LI) NE IN MODERN BULGARIAN
Authors: CHAKAROVA Krasimira
Published: February 2022

The object of scientific analysis in this paper are the structural-semantic, functional and stylistic characteristics of a type of quasi-negative constructions with generalizing meaning in the modern Bulgarian language, which are formed by interrogative pronouns (or adverbs) by adding the particles li or ne (or just ne) – cf. koy (li) ne, kakav (li) ne, kade (li) ne, etc. Based on the observations on a rich corpus of excerpted examples, an answer to the question of the status of the combinations in question, the degree of their idiomatization, the semantic difference between them and the corresponding generalizing pronouns, the role of context in their use in speech is sought. Attention is drawn to the fact that, unlike the generalizing pronouns, these combinations are not used in sentences with a verb negation, nor in real interrogative sentences. It is concluded that in the current stage of development of the Bulgarian language there is a process of lexicalization of composites of the type koy (li) ne, but it has not reached its final phase. Evidence of this is the uncertainty of the constituent model of the combinations (there are the following structural variants – koy li ne (koy li nyama – in rhetorical questions), koy li ne, koy li ne shtesh), their dependence on the context, the situation and partly on intonation (when used in rhetorical questions), as well as their functional limitations.
UNDERGRADUATE STUDENTS’ ATTITUDES TOWARD INDONESIAN LANGUAGE IN HIGHER EDUCATION
Authors: NURULANNINGSIH Nurulanningsih , MUKMININ Amirul , NURHAYATI Nurhayati , HIDAYAT Marzul , MARZULINA Lenny , HARTO Kasinyo , FRIDIYANTO Fridiyanto , ERLINA Dian , HOLANDYAH Muhammad
Published: February 2022

This study aimed to examine students’ attitudes toward Indonesian language from public and private universities in Indonesia. Additionally, this study examined what aspects are considered unfavorable or adverse from students' attitudes towards the Indonesian language. The online questionnaires with 30 statements were used to collect the data from 812 students from public universities and 705 students from private universities. The instrument's validity was carried out by two methods of testing, namely the content validity test and the testing. The data were analyzed by using descriptive statistics with Independent T-test sample test. The findings revealed that students' attitudes towards Indonesian both from state universities and private universities were both in a good category, and there was no difference in the results of the different test attitudes with a significance value of 0.970. In terms of the aspects of loyalty and pride towards Indonesian, it was in a sufficient category. The findings also indicated that students’ attitudes in public and private universities were categorized as sufficient. For this reason, lecturers who teach the Indonesian personality development course further foster students’ awareness to be loyal and proud of the Indonesian language by prioritizing Indonesian in every academic activity. It is necessary to develop a sense of loyalty, pride, and awareness of norms towards the Indonesian language even higher.
SELF¬-CONFIDENCE AND SPEAKING SKILLS OF THE FIRST-YEAR UNDERGRADUATES: A CORRELATIONAL STUDY AT A PUBLIC SECTOR UNIVERSITY IN PAKISTAN
Authors: SIDDIQUI Кamran Akhtar , KHAN Rifat Abbas , SIDDIQUI Iqra Akhtar
Published: February 2022

All the four language skills: reading, writing, speaking and listening are equally important for language learners. Studies show that students learning English as a second language face challenges in learning these four skills. However, production skills i.e., writing and speaking seem to pose greater challenge to learners especially in non-English countries. The challenges related to speaking might be related to several psychological or environmental factors. Self-confidence is one of those areas of concern. Therefore, the present study aims to find out if there is a correlation between self-confidence and speaking grades of first year university students at a public sector university in Pakistan. In this regard, a self-confidence questionnaire (SCQ) was administered to 31 participants from a class of Business Administration department. The collected data was analysed using the Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (SPSS) 20.0 software and Pearson product-moment correlation coefficient was calculated. The data analysis revealed that there is a positive but statistically non-significant correlation between self-confidence and speaking grades. Therefore, the study suggests that some experimental studies on the subject should be conducted, and more variables could be brough in to obtain a broader picture of the phenomenon. Small sample size stands as a limitation of the study.
REALITY AND UTOPIA IN THE WORKS OF GEJZA VÁMOŠ
Authors: GARAY KROCHANOVA Dagmar
Published: February 2022

Gejza Vámoš (1901 Dévaványa, Hungary – 1956 Muriaé Minas, Brazil) is one of the most remarkable Slovak writers of the interwar period. His life and literary work is similar to those of a number of European intellectuals of Jewish origin, who experienced otherness and alienation, and looked for strategies to overcome them. Despite the fact that the legislation in the Czechoslovak Republic in the interwar period supported religious equality, the stereotypes concerning the Jews and the doubts about their assimilation continued. Vámoš expressed his ideas about a new community in his doctoral dissertation in philosophy Princíp krutosti (The Principle of Cruelty) defended at Comenius University in Bratislava in 1932 as well as in his literary works, especially in the novels Atómy Boha (Atoms of God) (1928) and Odlomená haluz (Broken Branch) (1934). The former work challenges the idea of creation and perceives a doctor of medicine as a new prophet, whereas the latter one discusses the possibilities of Jewish assimilation and the problems of upbringing. Odlomená haluz was awarded a prize in Prague but at the same time Vámoš faced lawsuits and severe accusations related to some parts of the novel. In 1939, he left for China, and in the late 1940s, he moved to Brazil. New editions of his fiction appeared in Czechoslovakia in the 1960s, and after 1989, his work was included in the history of philosophical thinking in Slovakia.
FROM BALAN TO CHOMSKY – THE FIRST STEPS OF YORDAN PENČEV IN THE BULGARIAN SYNTAX
Authors: VENKOVA Tzvetomira
Published: February 2022

The paper discusses how Yordan Penčev, the pioneer of the Bulgarian generative syntax, bridged the ideas of Alexander Teodorov-Balan’s native formal school with those of Noam Chomsky’s – the representative of the American generative-transformational grammar. Penčev established such connections in his first publications ever (1953, 1958), thus strengthening the thread of the Bulgarian syntactic formalism, despite the obstructions of the totalitarian period.
The text focuses on the core of Balan’s ideas, as commented by Penčev in his first two publications, such as distinction between lexical notion and syntactic meaning, case as a semantic category, classification of pronouns based on syntactic criteria, and positing a prepositional phrase as a full-fledged member of the constituent structure. Further on, the paper compares the ideas commented by Penčev in those early publications with the corresponding ones in the early Chomsky’s works (1957), whereby strong similarity is shown. Finally, the mentioned ideas are compared with the key words in the titles of Penčev’s subsequent publications until 1972. The comparison results show that the key issues of Balan, interpreted in Chomskyan light, turn out to have been programming for the early period of Yordan Penčev in general. By way of affirming selected Balan's formal ideas in the Bulgarian linguistics, Penčev opened the way for creative borrowing and development of the then dominant American generative ideas.
THE HERMENEUTIC POWER OF CHARACTONYMS: A CASE STUDY
Authors: MANOVA-GEORGIEVA Yana , ANDONOVA-KALAPSAZOVA Elena
Published: February 2022

The aim of the article is to analyze the symbolic meaning of the name of Havelock Vetinari, one of the most recurrent literary characters in Terry Pratchett’s Discworld series. The focus of the discussion are the literary and historical associations embedded in his name and his titles, which help the informed reader comprehend the complexity of the character’s behavior in the narratives. The intertextual appropriations and echoes at the heart of the name derive from the author’s multilayered encyclopedic knowledge that underlies the coining of the character’s name. Havelock Vetinari is a noteworthy example of how the invented name of a literary character can become a powerful tool for meaning making in literature.
The study is carried out within the theoretical framework of the hermeneutic approach according to which a whole is understood as the synthesis of the numerous parts it consists of and the multifaceted interrelations among them. The analysis of Vetinari’s name is thus conducted as a process of engaging in turn with the meaning of his given name, his family name as well as his official titles of address and nicknames, and looking into the linguistic, historical, and cultural associations they evoke which are correspondent to the nature of the literary character.
GENDER AND ARCHETYPE AS COMPONENTS OF THE CHARACTER ANALYSIS IN “DEMIAN” AND “NARCISSUS AND GOLDMUND” BY HERMANN HESSE
Authors: RODCHYN Zoriana , BLAHUN Nataliia
Published: February 2022

The article is devoted to the study of gender in the works of the German writer Hermann Hesse, in particular the gender roles and archetypes of anima and animus traced in characters of his novels. During the research, the role of the androgynous personality in society has been clarified. The anima and animus as the most important definitions in gender studies are singled out from the general system of archetypes by Carl Gustav Jung. Features and ways of synthesis of masculine and feminine principles in the human psyche are characterized. The analysis of the works of Hermann Hesse includes the novels “Demian” (1919) and “Narcissus and Goldmund” (1930). With the definition of the concepts, the presence of elements of the psychoanalysis theory and gender studies in the works of Hermann Hesse has been proved. The characters of the novel have been analyzed and characterized in terms of masculinity and femininity. Due to this research, we have been able to clearly define the system of images from the perspective of gender, which makes it possible to use literary works in gender issues more confidently and to characterize the writing activity in a more structured way against the background of gender studies.
QUANTITATIVE CHANGES IN THE VOCABULARY OF CONTEMPORARY POLISH (FUNCTIONS OF BORROWED WORDS AND SUFFIXES)
Authors: DRÓŻDŻ-ŁUSZCZYK Katarzyna
Published: February 2022

The article attempts to provide an answer to the questions concerning the aspects of internationalization of the Polish lexical stock, in the 21th century. In the first part, the author presents a list of new loanwords, for example, pendrive, followers, vlog, burger, webinarium, ciabatta, tacos. The new words are mostly borrowed from the English language. In the second part of the article, the author presents neologisms formation which perform various function (for example expressive, nominative). In this section the productivity of foreign prefixes and ranks with the formation of borrowed morphemes are discussed, too.
The main objective of the paper is to show how old loanwords (for example alkoholik, parking, skleroza, automat, akwarium) have an impact on the creation of hybrids. The author describes word-formation like motylarium, żółwiarium, pająkarium, reklamoza, szyldoza, grantoza, serialoholik, fejsoholik, kawomat, ciastkomat, parawaning, grobing and she points to the patterns by which new units were created. Other authors perceive these phenomena as inextricably bound with the tendency to internationalization and with the processes of “linguistic globalization”. The main thesis of the article is that borrowed suffixes have different functions, the most important of which are creativity and language game, evaluation, especially negative one.
The analysed phenomena prove that there is no clear border between creation of words and their borrowing, between the nominative function and the language game.
THE PARTICIPLES OF THE PASSIVE PERFECT IN GREEK AND THEIR FUNCTIONAL EQUIVALENTS IN BULGARIAN (BASED ON A TRANSLATION CORPUS)
Authors: YORDANOVA-PETROVA Desislava
Published: February 2022

This paper focuses on the participles of the passive perfect in the Greek language and their functional equivalents in Bulgarian translations. For the purposes of the study, a translation corpus was used, consisting of 500 forms of the Greek participles of the passive perfect. The examples are excerpted from five books by Greek authors, translated into Bulgarian by professional translators. The results of the research show that the dominant functional equivalent of the Greek participle of the passive perfect in the Bulgarian language is quite naturally the past passive participle. Yet, although both languages have the category of past passive participles, with similar meanings and functions, in the course of the study it turned out that only about half of the forms of participles in Greek are rendered into Bulgarian with the same type of participles. The other main functional equivalents of the Greek participles of the passive perfect are adjectives and past perfect active participles, and in rare cases adverbs, nouns, verbs, other participles and prepositional phrases are used. The present study once again illustrates the fact that comparative research has always been and will continue to be a reliable tool for a more systematic and comprehensive study of the meanings and functions of certain linguistic phenomena, something that is not always achievable in a single language.
ON ONE OF THE TYPES OF SPECIALISED TRANSLATION
Authors: TASHEVA Iveta
Published: February 2022

When we talk about medical translation, as many researchers of the problem have well understood, we are actually talking about a double meaning of the word translation – interlingual translation, but also knowledge translation. However, as a type of specialized translation, it implies working with medical terminology, including the specificity of terms, the existing general change or shift of meanings, and the constant expansion of the medical lexicon. Moreover, medical terminology is not standardised in all languages. The linguistic dynamics, the accelerated introduction of new medical concepts make the need to access online resources for medical terminology of utmost lexical interest for translators of medical texts. To the extent that medical information is continuously expanding globally, rapid access to current linguistic, subject and specific terminology is critical. In the past, the most reliable resources were scientific journals, conference proceedings. These are now joined by online sources such as Medline or Medscape.
In short, among specialized translation, medical translation is not only one of the most difficult, but also the most responsible. Because any mistaken epicrisis or diagnosis is not just a job poorly done by the translator, it can cost the health and life of a particular human being.
This paper deals with some of the dangers faced by the translator of this type of text, especially if they are not medically qualified – dealing with secondary terms, medical metaphors, false friends, secondary terms.
THE LANGUAGE OF THE MEDIA: LANGUAGE CONSCIOUSNESS, NORM AND ERROR
Authors: GEORGIEVA Mariana
Published: February 2022

The projections of the categories of linguistic consciousness and linguistic personality as prototypes of the power of language in general are sought in the work. The cognitive method is used to analyze the relationship between language consciousness and language personality, on the one hand, and norm and error as a clash of phenomena in the developmental process of language, on the other hand. The power of language is manifested and proved by linguistic media explication and at the same time “regulates” it through language laws and language norms.
The media language refers to developmental processes in the vocabulary of the language. Lexicalization and grammaticalization can be traced and regulated in the direction of enriching the language and its future as a cognitive passport of national identity. The media discourse is a source of non-normative uses that should be prevented; it presupposes modern and up-to-date regulatory mechanisms in the direction of language protection and preservation - again as a cognitive passport of national identity and cultural sovereignty.
The phenomenon for us is the collision of language - speech on the territory of human consciousness as an emanation of cognitive claim and communicative intention, more precisely in their section. Consequently, the problem is the extent to which the linguistic personality has a definite consciousness in terms of linguistic laws in order to present culture in its natural and a priori presentation.
THE PSYCHOLINGUISTIC BASIS OF MEDIA NEOLOGIZATION CAUSED BY COVID-19
Authors: SYZONOV Dmytro , ZLOTNYK-SHAGINA Olga , KOZYNETS Oleksandr
Published: February 2022

The article discusses the psycholinguistic reasons for the appearance of new language units in the Ukrainian language during the COVID-19 pandemic, theso-called ”infodemic” (Zarocostas 2020). In a short time, under the influence of extralinguistic factors, language innovations associated with COVID-19 have entered a wide range of media sources, the search for the reasons how these innovations function is the goal of analysis of both media and psycholinguistics. Three methodological bases were chosen, which helped identify the degree of appropriateness of the use of new words in a specific media context. During the pandemic, the media remains the main source of information: on the one hand, the media has a responsibility to inform promptly and truthfully, on the other hand, the degree of misinformation is increasing. Based on this, language innovations appear as psychological markers of time, allusively linked to the pandemic. We assume that the psychological opposition “trust / mistrust” to information also affects the appearance of neologisms, because they actually reflect the mood of society, and therefore the demand for language innovations will be particularly logical in the course of social transformations (as demonstrated by the comparative characteristics of the search engine at the initial stage and at the peak of the COVID-19 pandemic).
ANTOCIANINAS EN CORONTAS Y EXTRACTOS DE MAÍZ MORADO (Zea Mays L) “INIA 615” CONSERVADOS EN ANAQUEL
Authors: Cerro Ruiz Samuel , Espillico Cormilluni Leonardo
Published: February 2022

Se identificaron y cuantificaron por cromatografía UPLC antocianinas en corontas de maíz morado (Zea mays L) “INIA 615” o “Negro Canaán” y sus extractos conservados en envases de vidrio en anaquel. Se aplicó el método del pH diferenciado para antocianinas totales y el Diseño Factorial de Variables Mixtas 3x2^2 con 14 tratamientos, utilizando el software Statgraphics Centurión XVII para el análisis estadístico, siendo las variables independientes: a) tiempo de almacenaje/muestro: 15, 52 y 90 días; b) envases ámbar, verde e incoloro con iluminación permanente de 470 lux /m2; c) pH 3, 3,5 y 4, mientras que la variable dependiente fue la degradación de antocianinas totales. En corontas se encontró 12,98 mg/g de antocianinas totales siendo 4,94 mg/g de cianidina-3-glucósido y 3,38 mg/g de cianidina-3- (6”malonilglucósido). En los extractos se encontraron principalmente cianidina-3-glucósido (93,56 μg/mL) y cianidina-3-(6”malonilglucósido) (48,15 μg/mL). Las variables tuvieron un nivel de significancia p<0,05. A 90 días ambas cianidinas se degradaron: cianidina-3- glucósido (69,63%, ámbar, pH 3; 79,05%, incoloro, pH 4) y cianidina-3-(6”malonilglucósido) (91,61%, ámbar, pH 3; 95,35% incoloro, pH 4).
Modified Trailing Edge Impact on the Aerodynamic Performance of Wind Turbine Airfoil
Authors: Reham K. Jaafar  , M. A. Abdelrahman  , Mina G. Mourad  , Adnan A. Ateeq  , M. Moawed
Published: February 2022

One of the most important factors affecting wind turbine performance is the airfoil. The impact of the NACA 0012 trailing edge design on airfoil performance is investigated numerically in this paper. Computational fluid dynamics calculations are used to design and simulate the airfoils. The thick trailing edge is inclined to various angles to achieve further improvement in the lift/drag ratio and lift coefficient. The results reveal that, when compared with baseline airfoil, all the designed airfoils demonstrated higher lift coefficients. The lift coefficient increases with the angle of the inclined trailing edge. The maximum lift coefficient improvement inclined airfoil is 74%. In addition, the lift/drag ratio increases with the increase of the inclined angle, and the maximum improvement ratio reaches 39.495% for the inclined airfoil with Ꝋ=15º. Any further increase in the inclined angle decreases the lift/drag ratio as a result of drag increase. This study contributes toward the design of efficient wind turbine airfoils.
Expression of immune-related gene from African mud catfish Clarias gariepinus reared in bioflocs systems after Aeromonas hydrophilia infection
Authors: POPOOLA Omoniyi Michael , OYELADE Ayomide Miracle , TORHUKERIJHO Success Taiwo
Published: February 2022

The influence of various carbon sources as bioflocs on relative immunological gene expression, haematology, growth, and microbial community in Clarias gariepinus juvenile culture is investigated in this study. The bioflocs groups (four) were created by daily supplementation with four carbon sources (cassava peel, tapioca, wheat offal, and brewery waste) with a carbon-nitrogen ratio of 20 and the control without carbon addition. The juvenile Clarias gariepinus (8.16 ± 0.2 g) was stocked into each bioflocs system and reared for 72 days. The results revealed that the water quality parameter and survival rate differed significantly across the treatments. The microbial community revealed that there were differences in bacterial intensity and diversity among the various culture systems. The haematological parameters between the treatments showed a significant difference p<0.05 in the challenged test. qRT-PCR was used to assess immune-related gene expression, and four immune genes (IL-10, TNF-α, TGF-β, IL-1β) were shown to be increased. As a result, the bioflocs system can be considered to boost innate immunity and immune-related gene expression. Overall, this research found that using bioflocs technology can help with immunostimulation, and that the effect is independent of the organic carbon utilised to keep the fish alive.
Clearing the Hurdle: The Mass of Globular Cluster Systems as a Function of Host Galaxy Mass
Authors: Eadie Gwendolyn M. , Harris William E. , Springford Aaron
Published: February 2022

Current observational evidence suggests that all large galaxies contain globular clusters (GCs), while the smallest galaxies do not. Over what galaxy mass range does the transition from GCs to no GCs occur? We investigate this question using galaxies in the Local Group (LG), nearby dwarf galaxies, and galaxies in the Virgo Cluster Survey. We consider four types of statistical model: (1) logistic regression to model the probability that a galaxy of stellar mass M
* has any number of GCs; (2) Poisson regression to model the number of GCs versus M
*; (3) linear regression to model the relation between GC system mass (

log

M

gcs

) and host galaxy mass (

log

M

⋆

); and (4) a Bayesian lognormal hurdle model of the GC system mass as a function of galaxy stellar mass for the entire data sample. From the logistic regression, we find that the 50% probability point for a galaxy to contain GCs is M
* = 106.8
M
⊙. From postfit diagnostics, we find that Poisson regression is an inappropriate description of the data. Ultimately, we find that the Bayesian lognormal hurdle model, which is able to describe how the mass of the GC system varies with M
* even in the presence of many galaxies with no GCs, is the most appropriate model over the range of our data. In an Appendix, we also present photometry for the little-known GC in the LG dwarf Ursa Major II.
ALMA Observations of NGC 6334S. II. Subsonic and Transonic Narrow Filaments in a High-mass Star Formation Cloud
Authors: Li Shanghuo , Sanhueza Patricio , Lee Chang Won , Zhang Qizhou , Beuther Henrik , Palau Aina , Liu Hong-Li , Smith Howard A. , Liu Hauyu Baobab , Jiménez-Serra Izaskun , Kim Kee-Tae , Feng Siyi , Liu Tie , Wang Junzhi , Li Di , Qiu Keping , Lu Xing , Girart Josep Miquel , Wang Ke , Li Fei , Li Juan , Cao Yue , Kim Shinyoung , Strom Shaye
Published: February 2022

We present a study of narrow filaments toward a massive infrared dark cloud, NGC 6334S, using the Atacama Large Millimeter/submillimeter Array. Thirteen gas filaments are identified using the H13CO+ line, while a single continuum filament is revealed by the continuum emission. The filaments present a compact radial distribution with a median filament width of ∼0.04 pc, narrower than the previously proposed “quasi-universal” 0.1 pc filament width. The higher spatial resolution observations and higher density gas tracer tend to identify even narrower and lower mass filaments. The filament widths are roughly twice the size of embedded cores. The gas filaments are largely supported by thermal motions. The nonthermal motions are predominantly subsonic and transonic in both identified gas filaments and embedded cores, which may imply that stars are likely born in environments of low turbulence. A fraction of embedded objects show a narrower velocity dispersion compared with their corresponding natal filaments, which may indicate that turbulent dissipation is taking place in these embedded cores. The physical properties (mass, mass per unit length, gas kinematics, and width) of gas filaments are analogous to those of narrow filaments found in low- to high-mass star-forming regions. The more evolved sources are found to be farther away from the filaments, a situation that may have resulted from the relative motions between the young stellar objects and their natal filaments.
The Detection of a Massive Chain of Dark H i Clouds in the GAMA G23 Field
Authors: Józsa G. I. G. , Jarrett T. H. , Cluver M. E. , Wong O. I. , Havenga O. , Yao H. F. M. , Marchetti L. , Taylor E. N. , Kamphuis P. , Maccagni F. M. , Ramaila A. J. T. , Serra P. , Smirnov O. M. , White S. V. , Kilborn V. , Holwerda B. W. , Hopkins A. M. , Brough S. , Pimbblet K. A. , Driver S. P. , Kuijken K.
Published: February 2022

We report on the detection of a large, extended H i cloud complex in the Galaxy and Mass Survey G23 field, located at a redshift of z ∼ 0.03, observed as part of the MeerKAT Habitat of Galaxies Survey campaign (a pilot survey to explore the mosaicing capabilities of the MeerKAT telescope). The cloud complex, with a total mass of 1010.0
M
⊙, lies in proximity to a large galaxy group with M
dyn ∼ 1013.5
M
⊙. We identify seven H ɪ peak concentrations, interconnected as a tenuous chain structure, extending ∼400 kpc from east to west, with the largest (central) concentration containing 109.7
M
⊙ in H ɪ gas distributed across 50 kpc. The main source is not detected in ultraviolet, optical, or infrared imaging. The implied gas mass-to-light ratio (M
H I/L
r) is extreme (>1000) even in comparison to other dark clouds. The complex has very little kinematic structure (110 km s−1), making it difficult to identify cloud rotation. Assuming pressure support, the total mass of the central concentration is > 1010.2
M
⊙, while a lower limit to the dynamical mass in the case of full rotational support is 1010.4
M
⊙. If the central concentration is a stable structure, it has to contain some amount of unseen matter, but potentially less than is observed for a typical galaxy. It is, however, not clear whether the structure has any gravitationally stable concentrations. We report a faint UV-optical-infrared source in proximity to one of the smaller concentrations in the gas complex, leading to a possible stellar association. The system nature and origins is enigmatic, potentially being the result of an interaction with or within the galaxy group it appears to be associated with.
The NANOGrav 12.5 yr Data Set: Polarimetry and Faraday Rotation Measures from Observations of Millisecond Pulsars with the Green Bank Telescope
Authors: Wahl H. M. , McLaughlin M. A. , Gentile P. A. , Jones M. L. , Spiewak R. , Arzoumanian Z. , Crowter K. , Demorest P. B. , DeCesar M. E. , Dolch T. , Ellis J. A. , Ferdman R. D. , Ferrara E. C. , Fonseca E. , Garver-Daniels N. , Jones G. , Lam M. T. , Levin L. , Lewandowska N. , Lorimer D. R. , Lynch R. S. , Madison D. R. , Ng C. , Nice D. J. , Pennucci T. T. , Ransom S. M. , Ray P. , Stairs I. H. , Stovall K. , Swiggum J. K. , Zhu W. W.
Published: February 2022

In this work, we present polarization profiles for 23 millisecond pulsars observed at 820 and 1500 MHz with the Green Bank Telescope as part of the NANOGrav pulsar timing array. We calibrate the data using Mueller matrix solutions calculated from observations of PSRs B1929+10 and J1022+1001. We discuss the polarization profiles, which can be used to constrain pulsar emission geometry, and present both the first published radio polarization profiles for nine pulsars and the discovery of very low-intensity average profile components (“microcomponents”) in four pulsars. We obtain the Faraday rotation measures for each pulsar and use them to calculate the Galactic magnetic field parallel to the line of sight for different lines of sight through the interstellar medium. We fit for linear and sinusoidal trends in time in the dispersion measure and Galactic magnetic field and detect magnetic field variations with a period of 1 yr in some pulsars, but overall find that the variations in these parameters are more consistent with a stochastic origin.
Stellar Convective Penetration: Parameterized Theory and Dynamical Simulations
Authors: Anders Evan H. , Jermyn Adam S. , Lecoanet Daniel , Brown Benjamin P.
Published: February 2022

Most stars host convection zones in which heat is transported directly by fluid motion, but the behavior of convective boundaries is not well-understood. Here, we present 3D numerical simulations that exhibit penetration zones: regions where the entire luminosity could be carried by radiation, but where the temperature gradient is approximately adiabatic and convection is present. To parameterize this effect, we define the “penetration parameter”



, which compares how far the radiative gradient deviates from the adiabatic gradient on either side of the Schwarzschild convective boundary. Following Roxburgh and Zahn, we construct an energy-based theoretical model in which



controls the extent of penetration. We test this theory using 3D numerical simulations that employ a simplified Boussinesq model of stellar convection. The convection is driven by internal heating, and we use a height-dependent radiative conductivity. This allows us to separately specify



and the stiffness



of the radiative–convective boundary. We find significant convective penetration in all simulations. Our simple theory describes the simulations well. Penetration zones can take thousands of overturn times to develop, so long simulations or accelerated evolutionary techniques are required. In stars, we expect


≈
1

, and in this regime, our results suggest that convection zones may extend beyond the Schwarzschild boundary by up to ∼20%–30% of a mixing length. We present a MESA stellar model of the Sun that employs our parameterization of convective penetration as a proof of concept. Finally, we discuss prospects for extending these results to more realistic stellar contexts.
Universality of the Turbulent Magnetic Field in Hypermassive Neutron Stars Produced by Binary Mergers
Authors: Aguilera-Miret Ricard , Viganò Daniele , Palenzuela Carlos
Published: February 2022

The detection of a binary neutron star (BNS) merger in 2017 through both gravitational waves and electromagnetic emission opened a new era of multimessenger astronomy. The understanding of the magnetic field amplification triggered by the Kelvin–Helmholtz instability during the merger is still a numerically unresolved problem because of the relevant small scales involved. One of the uncertainties comes from the simplifications usually assumed in the initial magnetic topology of merging neutron stars. We perform high-resolution, convergent large-eddy simulations of BNS mergers, following the newly formed remnant for up to 30 ms. Here we specifically focus on the comparison between simulations with different initial magnetic configurations, going beyond the widespread-used aligned dipole confined within each star. The results obtained show that the initial topology is quickly forgotten, in a timescale of a few milliseconds after the merger. Moreover, at the end of the simulations, the average intensity (B ∼ 1016
G) and the spectral distribution of magnetic energy over spatial scales barely depend on the initial configuration. This is expected due to the small-scale efficient dynamo involved, and thus it holds as long as (i) the initial large-scale magnetic field is not unrealistically high (as often imposed in mergers studies), and (ii) the turbulent instability is numerically (at least partially) resolved, so that the amplified magnetic energy is distributed across a wide range of scales and becomes orders of magnitude larger than the initial one.
Algorithm Evaluation on Segmented Mirror Phasing for the Hobby–Eberly Telescope
Authors: Wiegand Hera N. , Lee Hanshin
Published: February 2022

The Hobby–Eberly Telescope’s (HET) primary mirror is composed of 91 hexagonal mirror segments aligned in tip/tilt, while piston is manually controlled. BroadBand Phasing (BBP), as used at Keck, may be suitable for HET to sense piston error. Using the procedures laid out in Chanan et al., we modeled diffraction pattern point-spread functions (PSFs) of monochromatic and broadband light through split apertures centered at the edge between two adjacent segments. We simulated 4 sets of PSFs at 21 piston steps, 1 Template group and 3 differing Measurement groups. We determined the cross-correlation of the Template images to each Measurement image using Pearson’s r (r) and located the two extremes. We subtracted the minimum r’s from the largest, fitted a Gaussian curve, and located the peak values. The peak’s location was within ±5 μm from the input piston error for all cases, thereby showing that BBP may adequately measure piston errors down to ±25 μm.
Establishing a Reference Interval for an Estimate of Peripheral Insulin Resistance in a Group of Iraqi People
Authors: Al-Naemi Amjad
Published: February 2022

Background and aims: Insulin resistance (IR) is the cornerstone in pathophysiology of T2DM. Identifying people with IR can slow the progress to diabetes. Triglyceride and glucose index (TyG index) is a simple tool to assess IR without insulin measurement. This study aims at establishing the reference interval for TyG index in apparently healthy Iraqis. Material and method: This study involved (77) apparently healthy adults (41 men and 36 women) in Mosul, Iraq. Fasting Serum lipids, glucose and insulin were measured and BMI was calculated. The modified TyG index was calculated and compared to other surrogate measures of IR and its reference interval was calculated. Results: TyG index values were normally distributed and significantly correlated with HOMA-IR, Mc-Auley index, QUICKI, and triglycerides/ HDL-c index (r= 0.322, p= 0.004; r=-0.68, p<0001; r= -0.29, p=0.01; r=0.84, p<0.0001respectively). ANOVA and PostHoc Duncan’s analyses revealed significant differences in mean TyG between (lean people) and (overweight and obese subjects), (p=0.02). BMI- based TyG reference intervals were calculated as (4.11- 4.91) and (4.25- 5.05) respectively. This is the first study in Iraq to set a reference interval for TyG index. Values should be interpreted according to BMI.