bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Simulação de Ambientes de Redes Utilizando a Testbed FIBRE - Aplicações na Pesquisa e no Ensino
Authors: Pedroso Diego , Lopes Bruno , Marcondes Cesar , Barea Emerson
Published: January 2020

As testbeds são plataformas de experimentação para internet que permitem testes, demonstrações e também podem ser utilizadas para fins de ensino. Dentro do contexto do projeto FIBRE foi desenvolvido um protótipo que permite experimentação do plano de dados de uma rede, bem como reprogramação de FPGA. A maioria das testbeds não permitem que o usuário realize experimentos que controlem o plano de dados e ao mesmo tempo permita reprogramação de hardware. Visando preencher essa lacuna, e ao mesmo contribuir com o avanço do estado da arte, este trabalho tem por objetivo propor experimentos utilizando a testbed FIBRE que auxiliem no ensino e em pesquisas, proporcionando que pesquisadores e alunos tenham um ambiente flexível e de fácil provisionamento, permitindo testes, validações e demonstrações.
Construção do Estado da Arte em Estratégias Híbridas para Raciocínio de Contexto: uma Abordagem explorando Revisão Sistemática da Literatura
Authors: Machado Roger S. , Almeida Ricardo B. , Lopes João Ladislau , Pernas Ana Marilza , Yamin Adenauer C.
Published: January 2020

As propostas híbridas para raciocínio de contexto vêm ganhando destaque na literatura, as mesmas permitem a utilização de duas ou mais estratégias de raciocínio. Motivado por este cenário, esse artigo tem o objetivo de construir o estado da arte, sistematizando tendências de pesquisa em Ciência de Contexto. É explorada uma Revisão Sistemática da Literatura, contribuindo tanto pela identificação de trabalhos relevantes naárea, bem como, pela especificação de critérios para sua seleção. Nessa revisão são analisados trabalhos publicados entre 2012 e 2017. Durante o processo de revisão foram identificados 2952 trabalhos, sendo selecionados ao final sete trabalhos que propõem estratégias híbridas. Os trabalhos selecionados são apresentados, discutidos, e uma comparação entre eles é realizada.
Identificação Automática de Estilos de Aprendizagem: Uma Revisão Sistemática da Literatura
Authors: De Oliveira Edilaine Santiago , Sales Gilvandenys Leites , Pereira Pryscilla de Sousa , Moreira Ramires do Nascimento
Published: January 2020

A disseminação e a evolução da tecnologia têm revolucionado a maneira de como a educação é abordada. A classificação dos estilos de aprendizagem dentro de Ambientes Virtuais de Aprendizagem (AVA's) pode auxiliar no uso de novas estratégias de ensino baseadas no perfil do aluno, além de contribuir na personalização desses ambientes virtuais. Esta pesquisa consiste em uma Revisão Sistemática da Literatura (RSL) de trabalhos relevantes nosúltimos quatro anos que adotam abordagens automáticas, como mineração de dados e aprendizado de máquina, para classificação dos estilos de aprendizagem dos alunos. Ao todo foram selecionados 12 artigos, considerados significativos para esta pesquisa, para realização de uma análise mais criteriosa. Os resultados mostram que diferentes técnicas são aplicadas, assim como diferentes modelos de estilos de aprendizagem disponíveis na literatura.
Formação Docente na Pós-Graduação Stricto Sensu em Ciência da Computação: um recorte das regiões Norte e Nordeste
Authors: Morais Pauleany S. , Rosa Jean C. S. , Marinho Anna Raquel S. , Matos Ecivaldo
Published: January 2020

There are several scientific studies about the Brazilian teacher training for higher education. In this sense, this paper presents results of an investigation about the initiatives of teacher training in Computer Science graduate programs of federal higher education institutions of North and Northeast of Brazil. For this, one documentary analysis on pedagogical documents of that programs was carried out. It was identified that a few graduate courses (master's and doctoral) have some targeted actions for teacher training, with disciplines on didactics in higher education or activities of supervised teaching internship. The most programs do not have any initiative aimed at teacher training of their students.
Programação para Administração de Redes de Computadores - Uma Experiência com Estudantes de Computação
Authors: De Oliveira Silmar Antonio Buchner , Mendonça Andréa Pereira
Published: January 2020

Neste artigo relatamos uma experiência de criação e execução de um curso de programação para administração de redes de computadores, voltado para estudantes de Cursos Superiores de Tecnologia naárea de Computação. Implementado no formato de sala de aula invertida, o curso focou na resolução de problemas práticos utilizando a linguagem Python. Os resultados evidenciaram progresso dos estudantes na automatização de soluções para monitoramento de equipamentos de redes e ações de usuários, análise de logs, sincronismos de dados e emissão automática de mensagens de alertas. O material de ensino e dinâmica do curso serão integrados em um guideline para auxiliar outros professores de redes de computadores.
O desenvolvimento da identidade docente por professores de Computação não licenciados atuantes na Educação Profissional de Nível Médio
Authors: Da Silva Ranansamir Sousa , Matos Ecivaldo de Souza , Massa Monica de Sousa
Published: January 2020

A identidade docente é um processo de construção, cujas dimensões social e profissional estão inter-relacionadas, sendo fortemente afetado pelo contexto escolar. Este artigo apresenta resultados de uma investigação qualitativa sobre o processo de desenvolvimento da identidade docente por profissionais de Computação sem formação pedagógica em nível de Licenciatura, atuantes como professores da Educação Profissional de Nível Médio em uma escola pública do estado da Bahia. Os dados foram coletados por meio de entrevistas e observação-participante das aulas ministradas ao longo de um ano letivo, cuja análise de conteúdo revelou alguns aspectos que dificultam o estabelecimento da identidade profissional docente por esses sujeitos e que podem influenciar o sucesso da sua ação didática.
Criando aplicativos sobre o descarte adequado de lixo: experiências utilizando uma abordagem temática em um clube de programação
Authors: Charão Andrea S. , Solórzano Ana Luísa V. , Trindade Rafael G.
Published: January 2020

Clubes de programação são abordagens efetivas para disseminar fundamentos de computação ao público da educação básica. Por se tratarem de atividades extra-classe, de ensino não-formal, clubes enfrentam o desafio de criar ambientes de aprendizado estimulantes e com significado aos participantes. Neste trabalho, apresenta-se uma experiência que inseriu um tema de responsabilidade social em atividades de um clube de programação, envolvendo os participantes em uma temática de conscientização ambiental. Ao longo de 9 oficinas tutoradas por universitários, os participantes do clube criaram aplicativos usando MIT App Inventor, em torno da temática do descarte adequado de lixo. O artigo discute decisões-chave e lições aprendidas que favorecem a replicação da experiência.
Cenários Prospectivos: Uma Visão do Futuro da Presença Feminina em Cursos de Ciência da Computação de uma Instituição de Ensino Superior
Authors: Moreira Josilene A. , Silva Ricardo M. , Carvalho Maria Eulina P.
Published: January 2020

Este artigo projeta cenários e apresenta curvas de tendência de equidade de gênero utilizando análise de regressão, baseado em séries históricas de quantitativos de estudantes em três cursos daárea de Computação de uma IES do Brasil. No curso de Bacharelado em Ciência da Computação constata-se que o número de mulheres reduz-se a uma taxa de 0,4 % ao ano (aa); sem intervenções para reverter essa tendência, não haverá mais mulheres em 2050. Na Engenharia da Computação há diminuição na entrada de mulheres a 0,7% aa; caso a queda se mantenha, não haverá mulheres em 2031. Já na Matemática Computacional, o cenário é indicativo de estagnação; há uma tendência de redução das mulheres em 0,01% ao ano.
The Translatory Wave Model for Landslides
Authors: Elíasson Jónas , Sæmundsson Þorsteinn
Published: January 2020

The Saint-Venant equations are usually the basis of numerical models for landslide flows. They are nonstationary and nonlinear. The theory for translatory waves in a prismatic channel and a funneling channel can be used for landslides using the assumption of either turbulent or laminar flow in the slide. The mathematics of translatory waves traveling over dry land or superimposed on another flow are developed. This results in a new slope factor controlling the flow velocity, together with the Chezy coefficient used in previous applications of the translatory wave theory. Flow times for the slide to reach a given destination, slide depth, and velocity can be calculated using the initial magnitude of the flow in the slide. The instabilities of the wave tail are discussed. Three case studies are presented: a submarine slide that started the Tohoku tsunami in Japan, the Morsárjökull rock avalanche in SE Iceland, and the Móafellshyrna slide in central N Iceland.
Minimally Invasive Surgical Treatment of Migraine
Authors: Simonacci Francesco , Bertozzi Nicolò , Lago Gianluigi , Fante Carlo , Sanese Giuseppe , Raposio Edoardo
Published: January 2020

Migraine headache (MH) is a very common disorder affecting 10–12% of the world’s adult population. The first line therapy for migraine is usually a combination of conservative treatments but some patients seem to be refractory. For this group of patients, the minimally invasive surgical treatment of migraine might offer a solution. Migraine is usually caused by extracranial sensitive nerve compression due vascular, fascial or muscular structures nearby. The aim of migraine surgery is to relieve such compression at specific trigger points located in the occipital, temporal and frontal regions. From June 2011 until July 2019, we performed MH decompression surgeries in over 269 patients with either frontal, occipital, or temporal migraine trigger sites. In the occipital and temporal areas, nerve decompression was achieved by occipital and superficial temporal artery ligation, respectively. In patients suffering from frontal headache we performed both endoscopic nerve decompression and transpalpebral decompression. Among patient suffering from occipital migraine, 95% of them showed improvement of their condition, with 86% reporting complete relief. As concern temporal migraine, positive outcome was achieved in 83% of the patients (50% complete elimination and 33% partial improvement). In patient suffering from frontal migraine, positive results were observed in 94% of the patients (32% complete elimination, 62% partial improvement). Migraine is a common and debilitating condition that can be treated successfully with minimally invasive surgical procedure especially for those patients non-responding to medical therapies.
Solid Oxide Steam Electrolyzer: Gas Diffusion Steers the Design of Electrodes
Authors: Deseure Jonathan , Aicart Jérôme
Published: January 2020

The hydrogen production by SOECs coupled with renewable energy sources is a promising route for the sustainability hydrogen economy. Multiphysics computing simulations appear to be the most efficient approaches to analyze the coupled mechanisms of SOEC operation. Using a relevant model, it is possible to predict the electrical behavior of solid oxide electrodes considering the current collector design. The influences of diffusion and grain diameter on cell performances can be investigated through 2D simulations, current–voltage characteristics, and current source distribution through electrodes. The simulation results emphasize that diffusion is linked to a relocation of the reaction away from the interface electrolyte/electrode, in the volume of the cathode. Furthermore, the current collector proves itself to be a great obstacle to gas access, inducing underneath it a shortage of steam. Inducing gradients of grain diameters in both anode and cathode drives the current sources to occur close to the electrode/electrolyte interface, thus decreasing ohmic losses and facilitating gas access. This approach shows the crucial importance of cathode microstructure as this electrode controls the cell response.
Distribution of Clinically Relevant Blood Group Antigens among Nigerians and the Management of Rhesus D Negative Pregnancies: Implications for Haemolytic Disease of the Foetus and Newborn and Haemolytic Transfusion Reactions
Authors: Erhabor Osaro , Erhabor Tosan , Charles Adias Teddy , Ikechukwu Polycarp Iwueke
Published: January 2020

The ABO and Rhesus blood group systems are the most clinically relevant blood group systems from haemolytic disease of the foetus and newborn (HDFN) and haemolytic transfusion reaction (HTR) perspectives. Other clinically relevant blood group systems include the Kell, Duffy, Kidd and MNSs blood group systems. The clinical relevance of a blood group system depends on the ability of antibodies of the system to cause HDFN and HTR. This chapter discusses the distribution of ABO, Rhesus and other clinically relevant red cell antigens among Nigerians and implications for HDFN and HTR. There are several challenges associated with the management of Rhesus negative pregnancies, pregnancies associated with clinically significant alloantibodies, implementation of policy on routine antenatal anti-D prophylaxis (RAADP), management of Rhesus negative women that require termination of pregnancy (TOP), provision of antigen negative blood for certain patient groups and the management of pregnant and non-pregnant patients with clinically significant alloantibodies. This chapter highlights the need for Nigeria and other African countries to implement best practices to optimize the care offered to pregnant women as well as patients in whom red cell transfusion is indicated.
City Phenomenon between Urban Structure and Composition
Authors: Almusaed Amjad , Almssad Asaad
Published: January 2020

Cities are not just a sum of buildings, but especially a set of social relations that their inhabitants develop. Cities are characterized by a wide variety of social groups and lifestyles. An urban composition represents a form of the city in which it gets a formal order, so that the shape of any urban ensemble is not linked to a random phenomenon, but to an intervention mastered and understood as such. For the city, the urban composition represents what the architectural composition represents for a building. This concept regarding the composition is common both to the architecture and to the city. The main property of the composition is that it transforms a possibly dispersed ensemble into a whole, resolving the contradictions that arise when the requirements and conditions of the project are numerous. Spatial forms and urban compositions are built over time, longer than that of architectural composition. On the other hand, “design of the urban environment” is understood by us as a complex formation of public spaces of the city, located on the ground floor level of the city building and ensuring the vital activity of the urban community. This chapter will study the city phenomenon on a large scale.
A Theoretical Review of Rotating Detonation Engines
Authors: J. Shaw Ian , A.C. Kildare Jordan , J. Evans Michael , Chinnici Alfonso , A.M. Sparks Ciaran , N.H. Rubaiyat Shekh , C. Chin Rey , R. Medwell Paul
Published: January 2020

Rotating detonation engines are a novel device for generating thrust from combustion, in a highly efficient, yet mechanically simple form. This chapter presents a detailed literature review of rotating detonation engines. Particular focus is placed on the theoretical aspects and the fundamental operating principles of these engines. The review covers both experimental and computational studies, in order to identify gaps in current understanding. This will allow the identification of future work that is required to further develop rotating detonation engines.
Enterococci: An Important Nosocomial Pathogen
Authors: Bhonchal Bhardwaj Sonia
Published: January 2020

Enterococci, particularly Enterococcus faecalis and Enterococcus faecium, are an important cause of nosocomial infections and have become a major issue worldwide. Nosocomial infections due to vancomycin resistant Enterococci (VRE) occur frequently. A significant increase in prevalence of VRE has been reported recently in many countries. Enterococci are second most frequent cause of nosocomial urinary tract infection, bacteremia and infective endocarditis. They are also related to etiology of intra-abdominal an pelvic infections, gastrointestinal infections and oral infections. The ability of Enterococci to survive in adverse conditions, presence of virulence factors and possession of intrinsic and acquired antibiotic resistance traits poses a therapeutic challenge. Due to high level of multidrug resistance in VRE, Enterococcus has become an important organism in health based settings.
Molecular Genetics of Keratoconus: Clinical Implications
Authors: Meng Wang Yu , C.P. Pang Calvin
Published: January 2020

Occurrence of keratoconus is pan-ethnic with reported prevalence ranging widely from 1:400 to about 1:8000, higher in Asian than Western populations. Its genetics is complex with undefined pattern of inheritance. Familial traits are also known. More than 50 gene loci and 200 variants are associated with keratoconus, some through association studies with quantitative traits of cornea features including curvature and central thickness. Environmental, behavioral, and epigenetic factors are also involved in the etiology, likely interactively with genetic susceptibility. Regardless of sex and age of disease onset, clinical courses and responses to treatment vary. Keratoconus is a major cause of cornea transplantation and is potentially blinding. Currently collagen cross-linking provides effective treatment although responses from some patients can be unpredictable with complications. Early diagnosis is vital to obtain good treatment outcome, but in many patients early signs and symptoms are not obvious. While there are potential biomarkers, reliable pre-symptomatic detection and prediction of treatment response may require multitude of gene variants, cornea properties, and external risk factors.
Source of the Great Recession
Authors: Hasumi Ryo , Iiboshi Hirokuni , Matsumae Tatsuyoshi , Nishiyama Shin-Ichi
Published: January 2020

We incorporate two structural shocks associated with balance sheets of both the financial and nonfinancial firms in a medium scale New Keynesian dynamic stochastic general equilibrium (DSGE) model. The structural shocks in the model are assumed to possess stochastic volatilities with a leverage effect. Then, we estimated the model using a data-rich estimation method and utilized up to 40 macroeconomic time series. We found the following three pieces of empirical evidence in the Great Recession (Dec. 2007–Jun. 2009) worsened further by the collapse of Lehman Brothers in September 2008. First, the net-worth shock of financial firms had gradually declined prior to a huge decrease of net-worth of nonfinancial firms. Second, the net worth shock of nonfinancial firms accounted for large weight of the business cycles after the Great Recession, in terms of the data-rich approach with the SV of structural shocks, unlike the standard DSGE model. Third, the Troubled Asset Relief Program would have immediately worked to improve balance sheets of financial institutions, although it would not have stopped worsening those of the corporate sector for a while.
Beyond Animal Husbandry
Authors: Croney C. C. , Gardner B. , Baggot S. ,   Philosophy Documentation Center
Published: January 2020

Concerns about the welfare of agricultural animals in corporate or “factory farming” systems are growing. Increasingly, it is suggested that modem farm animal production practices are morally objectionable, causing physical and mental suffering to animals. Such criticisms are premised on beliefs about the mental capacities of farm animals that are not wholly supported by scientific evidence, for little is known about farm animal cognition. Some animal scientists, realizing that concerns about the treatment of agricultural animals cannot be addressed in absence of knowledge about farm animal mentality, have begun cognitive studies of farm animals. Subsequently, several ethical problems have emerged. In this paper it is argued that while farm animal cognition studies are needed, scientists must consider the moral problems and implications of the research, and must devise empirically testable hypotheses about those aspects of cognitive behavior that are relevant to discussions about moral treatment of farm animals.
Can Animals Attain Membership Within a Human Social/Moral Group?
Authors: Kanon Eli ,   Philosophy Documentation Center
Published: January 2020

Justice is illustrated by how humans treat others. Human society can no longer be considered just if it continues to treat animals instrumentally, disregarding the moral worth of each individual creature. Emile Durkheim's division of labor theory offers a groundwork for providing animals limited rights within a human-dominated society. Solidarity can be fostered between animals and humans by internalizing the principle that all organisms are interdependent. This principle is the foundation for granting animals moral status. By recognizing the role animals play in our society, we can acknowledge our obligations to them. Utilizing a mechaorganic solidarity, humans can establish justification for moral treatment of animals.
Humans and Hybrids
Authors: Ballantyne Angela ,   Philosophy Documentation Center
Published: January 2020

This paper uses the advent of human-animal hybrids, created though somatic cell nuclear transfer experiments in America and Australia, as a tool to deconstruct and challenge the dualistic belief that humans are morally distinct and superior to animals. The view that moral value corresponds to species membership creates a scientific and cultural environment that prohibits or restricts human embryo experimentation whilst permitting the extensive use of animals for research. The dualistic premise therefore motivates the creation of human-animal hybrids for research as a way for scientists to side-step restrictive legislation. Furthermore, ethical frameworks that incorporate the dualistic assumption have been incapable of objectively assessing the moral value of hybrid embryos. This failure indicates the arbitrariness of the moral dichotomy between animals and humans. Moral dualism, based on species membership, should be replaced with a liberal ethical framework based on a consistent standard such as interests.
Does Beast Suffering Count for Kant
Authors: Baranzke Heike ,   Philosophy Documentation Center
Published: January 2020

Ever since Schopenhauer´s accusation, it has been disputed whether Kant´s few remarks concerning the ethical human-animal-relationship in the Lectures and in the Doctrine of Virtue fail to support ethical arguments on behalf of animals. One critique that plays a central role is whether Kant would have forbidden cruelty to brutes for educational purposes. In addition to these old objections, Kant´s ethics is charged to be speciesistic by animal ethicists and animal rights philosophers at present.The following article examines especially §17 of the Doctrine of Virtue, which is the only animal ethical text authorized by Kant himself. The interpretation starts by taking the context of §17 into account, particularly the “Episodic Section on an Amphiboly in Moral Concepts”. The systematic output of the cruelty-account and of the duty classes is then analyzed. Central for the understanding of Kant´s argumentation relating to animals are the perfect duties to oneself, which are linked to Kant´s foundation of human dignity. Finally the roles of the physical and emotional needs of brutes and humans in Kant´s ethics are compared with each other. Some conclusions are then drawn concerning human and animal rights in relation to a duty-based argumentation. The article therefore appreciates Kant´s integration of animal suffering into the very core of his virtue ethics, an integration that may be able to open the door for an enlightened animal ethics based on human responsibility.
Sonar Technology and Shifts in Environmental Ethics
Authors: James Christine ,   Philosophy Documentation Center
Published: January 2020

For a philosopher, the history of sonar technology is fascinating. During the first and second World Wars, sonar technology was primarily associated with activity on the part of the sonar technicians and researchers. Usually this activity is concerned with creation of sound waves under water, as in the classic “ping and echo”. The last fifteen years have seen a shift toward passive, ambient noise “acoustic daylight imaging” sonar. Along with this shift a new relationship has begun between sonar technicians and environmental ethics.
The Many Faces of Science and Technology Relationships
Authors: Cuevas Ana ,   Philosophy Documentation Center
Published: January 2020

In this paper, the different theories about science and technology relationships are analyzed. All of them have some virtues, but also one main defect: these theories do not take into account other well-founded possible relationships. The origin of this problem is the narrow view about science and technology. In this paper another characterization about technology based on Ronald Giere’s perspective is suggested. In the light of this new description, six different relationships between science and technology arise. Some of these relations had been explained in the before analyzed theories, but others emerge from the new portrayal.
The Domestication of Water
Authors: Macauley David ,   Philosophy Documentation Center
Published: January 2020

This paper examines some of the key ways in which water is mediated by technology and human artifacts. I show how the modes in which we conceive and experience this vital fluid are affected deeply by the techniques and instruments we use to interact with it. I argue that a notion of the domestication of water enables us to better grasp our relations with the environment given that vast volumes of water are now neither completely natural nor artificial in the conventional senses of the terms. Instead, water is often filtered through an expansive technological network that not merely changes its flows and phenomenal forms but greatly alters or multiplies its meanings. As examples of this process, I investigate the practical engagement with water by the first Western philosopher; the construction of several large hydrological projects; efforts at river management in the aesthetic landscape; and the emergence of bottled water.
A Framework to Systematize Positions in Neuroethics
Authors: Nagel Saskia , Neubauer Nicolas ,   Philosophy Documentation Center
Published: January 2020

Progress in Neuroscience advances rapidly and promises to change some of the basic concepts we have about ourselves. The field of Neuroethics is concerned with the resulting ethical implications. In this paper, we propose a framework to systematize the questions and positions in this context. We start with the discussion of three concrete cases around the topics of treatment/enhancement, personhood and privacy. For each case, we get a set of axes along which standpoints may vary. Finally, we generalize the particular axes of each case and arrive at a three-dimensional coordinate system spanned by the axes of “Liberty of Denial”, “Liberty of Use” and “Scepticism”. With this, we hope to provide a common language simplifying interdisciplinary dialogue and communication with the public.
Technology and the Evolution of the Human
Authors: Ruse M. Scott ,   Philosophy Documentation Center
Published: January 2020

Philosophy of technology is gaining recognition as an important field of philosophical scrutiny. This essay addresses the import of philosophy of technology in two ways. First, it seeks elucidate the place of technology within ontology, epistemology, and social/political philosophy. I argue technology inhabits an essential place in these fields. The philosophy of Henri Bergson plays a central role in this section. Second, I discuss how modern technology, its further development, and its inter-cultural transfer constitute a drive toward a global “hegemony of technology”. The crux of the argument is that the technological impulse within humanity insinuates itself into nearly every aspect of human existence. The structures of the state, the economy, and culture, are each framed by this impulse. In the final analysis, it is argued that only a thorough examination of the intimate connection between humanity and technology can lay the foundation for a comprehensive philosophy of human existence.
Aboriginal Cultures and Technocratic Culture
Authors: Ortega Villasenor Humberto , Quinones Trujillo Genaro ,   Philosophy Documentation Center
Published: January 2020

Threatened aboriginal cultures provide valuable criteria for fruitful criticism of the dominant Western cultural paradigm and perceptual model, which many take for granted as the inevitable path for humankind to follow. However, this Western model has proven itself to be imprecise and limiting. It obscures fundamental aspects of human nature, such as the mythical, religious dimension, and communication with the Cosmos. Modern technology, high-speed communication and mass media affect our ability to perceive reality and respond to it. Non-Western worldviews could help us to regain meaningful communication with Nature and to learn new ways of perceiving our world.
Rescuing Hempel From His World
Authors: Leone Carlos ,   Philosophy Documentation Center
Published: January 2020

This paper makes the case for the relevance of C. G. Hempel’s 1942 proposal of the usage of «covering laws» in History. To do so, it argues that such a proposal reflects how 18 and 19th centuries «philosophy of History» became methods or epistemology of History. This carried a change in meaning of «History»: no longer a succession of past events but the study of documented human action (including of scientific kind in general), its distinction vis-à-vis philosophy, sociology etc., becomes a minor matter as far as logic of research is concerned. Also present in this paper is the conception of theory as a conceptual mode of narrative, and the defense of a development of theories alongside their practice, not apart from them. Authors considered besides Hempel range from Max Weber to Sigmund Freud, from Arthur C. Danto to Albert O. Hirschmann.
Mesocosmological Descriptions
Authors: Milkov Nikolay ,   Philosophy Documentation Center
Published: January 2020

The following paper advances a new argument for the thesis that scientific and historical knowledge are not different in type. This argument makes use of a formal ontology of history which dispenses with generality, laws and causality. It views the past social world as composed of Wittgenstein’s Tractarian objects: of events, ordered in ontological dependencies. Theories in history advance models of past reality which connect—in experiment—faces of past events in complexes. The events themselves are multi-grained so that we can connect together different faces of theirs without counterfeiting history. This means that, on the basis of the same set of facts, historians can produce different models of past events, in which different dependences are brought forth. A conception of this kind substantiates an objectivist account of the recurrent falsifications of the theories in history.
Realism, Radical Constructivism, and Film History
Authors: Redfern Nick ,   Philosophy Documentation Center
Published: January 2020

As a technology and an art form perceived to be capable of reproducing the world, it has long been thought that the cinema has a natural affinity with reality. In this essay I consider the Realist theory of film history out forward by Robert C. Allen and Douglas Gomery from the perspective of Radical Constructivism. I argue that such a Realist theory cannot provide us with a viable approach to film history as it presents a flawed description of the historian’s relationship to the past. Radical Constructivism offers an alternative model, which requires historians to rethink the nature of facts, the processes involved in constructing historical knowledge, and its relation to the past. Historical poetics, in the light of Radical Constructivism, is a basic model of research into cinema that uses concepts to construct theoretical statements in order to explain the nature, development, and effects of cinematic phenomena.
Civil Disobedience from Thoreau to Transnational Mobilizations
Authors: Bentouhami Hourya ,   Philosophy Documentation Center
Published: January 2020

Until very recently, civil disobedience, being a deliberate infraction of the law which is politically or morally motivated, was logically interpreted by theorists as a practice rooted in the state, since the source of positive law was primarily the State. But in the context of today’s globalization, the diversification of sources of power, the emergence of international laws or rules, or simply the obsoleteness of viewing the government as a juridical model, lead one to question the relevance of resorting to civil disobedience. Indeed, its strategic minimalism, which consists of non-cooperation, passive resistance or non-violence, in addition to its relative acceptance of the State and the legal framework of its discourse, seem to make civil disobedience unable to face the “global challenge” that any emancipatory movement has to confront if it wants to be efficient. This paper thus proposes a new conception of civil disobedience inspired by Nancy Fraser’s theory of “abnormal justice”, so as to take into account the transversal nature of social contestation.
A Strong Emergence Hypothesis of Conscious Integration and Neural Rewiring
Authors: LaRock Eric , Schwartz Jeffrey , Ivanov Iliyan , Carreon David ,   Philosophy Documentation Center
Published: January 2020

In this paper we discuss the two-system framework, examine its strengths, point out a fundamental weakness concerning the unity of conscious experience, and then propose a new hypothesis that avoids that weakness and other related concerns. According to our strong emergence hypothesis, what emerges are not merely mental properties in specialized, distributed neural areas, but also a new, irreducibly singular entity (i.e., an emergent self) that functions in a recurrent (or top-down) manner to integrate its mental properties and to rewire its brain. We argue that the former function is suggested, in part, by the effects of anesthetics on sensory integration, and that the latter function is suggested by evidence garnered from the neuroscience of mindfulness, constraint-induced movement therapy for stroke, and neuroimaging data surrounding mental illness. We then discuss how our strong emergence hypothesis relates to the description and treatment of neuropsychiatric disorders. Finally, potential objections are addressed.
Curriculum mapping in academic libraries revisited: Taking an evidence-based approach
Authors: Webb Katy Kavanagh
Published: January 2020

Curriculum mapping for the purposes of an academic library is the process of reviewing a degree-granting department’s curriculum side-by-side with library learning objectives to situate information literacy instruction within the sequence of courses that a student will take.In 2014, I undertook a curriculum mapping pilot for our library using a SWOT (Strengths, Weaknesses, Opportunities, and Threats) analysis methodology as part of a leadership institute. My project looked at three degree programs at our university and suggested changes for further engagement with the departments. At the same time, three other librarians that I met at the leadership institute took part in curriculum mapping projects at their institutions using different methodologies. Together, we published our results in the New Review of Academic Librarianship.
Washington Hotline
Authors: Clark Larra
Published: January 2020

Academic libraries can make a difference in the 2020 CensusThe 2020 Census will be a central focus across the country this year, and academic libraries can take an active role in promoting its importance. It’s an opportunity to collaborate with campus administrators, students, faculty, community leaders, and elected officials to achieve a fair and accurate Census count. The results of the Census will affect federal funding allocations, Congressional representation, and planning and policy decisions for the next decade.
An autobiographical history of Ethno Sweden: a testimonial about its origins, underlying ideology and initial goals
Authors:   Universidade de Brasília, Ribeiro Hugo , Bäckström Magnus , Ahlbom Peter
Published: January 2020

Ethno é um acampamento de verão multicultural para jovens músicos interessados em música tradicional, folclórica e mundial que começou na Suécia em 1990 e continua até hoje, tendo se espalhado por 15 países na última década. Caracteriza-se por sua abordagem de aprendizagem ponto a ponto, na qual os jovens ensinam uns aos outros a música de seus países e culturas. Este artigo reconstrói parte da história da Ethno Suécia por meio de um relatório autobiográfico escrito por seu fundador, Magnus Bäckström, sua origem, ideologia, estratégias e organização do evento. Entrevistas com o atual organizador, Peter Ahlbom, complementam este relatório detalhando a organização do evento após a saída de Magnus, o processo de afiliação à organização não governamental Jeunesses Musicales International e sua expansão para outros países. São fornecidas informações sobre como a organização da Ethno Suécia foi do Festival Folkmusic da cidade de Falun para Rikskonserter (Concertos na Suécia) depois para Folkmusikens Hus, na cidade de Rätvik.
Magnitude of the Age-Advancement Effect of Comorbidities in Colorectal Cancer Prognosis
Authors: Boakye Daniel , Walter Viola , Jansen Lina , Martens Uwe M. , Chang-Claude Jenny , Hoffmeister Michael , Brenner Hermann
Published: January 2020

Background: Comorbidities and old age independently compromise prognosis of patients with colorectal cancer (CRC). The impact of comorbidities could thus be considered as conveying worse prognosis already at younger ages, but evidence is lacking on how much worsening of prognosis with age is advanced to younger ages in comorbid versus noncomorbid patients. We aimed to quantify, for the first time, the impact of comorbidities on CRC prognosis in “age advancement” of worse prognosis. Methods: A total of 4,602 patients aged ≥30 years who were diagnosed with CRC in 2003 through 2014 were recruited into a population-based study in the Rhine-Neckar region of Germany and observed over a median period of 5.1 years. Overall comorbidity was quantified using the Charlson comorbidity index (CCI). Hazard ratios and age advancement periods (AAPs) for comorbidities were calculated from multivariable Cox proportional hazards models for relevant survival outcomes. Results: Hazard ratios for CCI scores 1, 2, and ≥3 compared with CCI 0 were 1.25, 1.53, and 2.30 (P<.001) for overall survival and 1.20, 1.48, and 2.03 (P<.001) for disease-free survival, respectively. Corresponding AAP estimates for CCI scores 1, 2, and ≥3 were 5.0 (95% CI, 1.9–8.1), 9.7 (95% CI, 6.1–13.3), and 18.9 years (95% CI, 14.4–23.3) for overall survival and 5.5 (95% CI, 1.5–9.5), 11.7 (95% CI, 7.0–16.4), and 21.0 years (95% CI, 15.1–26.9) for disease-free survival. Particularly pronounced effects of comorbidity on CRC prognosis were observed in patients with stage I–III CRC. Conclusions: Comorbidities advance the commonly observed deterioration of prognosis with age by many years, meaning that at substantially younger ages, comorbid patients with CRC experience survival rates comparable to those of older patients without comorbidity. This first derivation of AAPs may enhance the empirical basis for treatment decisions in patients with comorbidities and highlight the need to incorporate comorbidities into prognostic nomograms for CRC.
NCCN Guidelines Insights: Hematopoietic Growth Factors, Version 1.2020
Authors: Becker Pamela Sue , Griffiths Elizabeth A. , Alwan Laura M. , Bachiashvili Kimo , Brown Anna , Cool Rita , Curtin Peter , Dinner Shira , Gojo Ivana , Hicks Ashley , Kallam Avyakta , Kidwai Wajih Zaheer , Kloth Dwight D. , Kraut Eric H. , Landsburg Daniel , Lyman Gary H. , Miller Ryan , Mukherjee Sudipto , Patel Shiven , Perez Lia E. , Poust Adam , Rampal Raajit , Rosovsky Rachel , Roy Vivek , Rugo Hope S. , Shayani Sepideh , Vasu Sumithira , Wadleigh Martha , Westbrook Kelly , Westervelt Peter , Burns Jennifer , Keller Jennifer , Pluchino Lenora A.
Published: January 2020

Management of febrile neutropenia (FN) is an integral part of supportive care for patients undergoing cancer treatment. The NCCN Guidelines for Hematopoietic Growth Factors provide suggestions for appropriate evaluation, risk determination, prophylaxis, and management of FN. These NCCN Guidelines are intended to guide clinicians in the appropriate use of growth factors for select patients undergoing treatment of nonmyeloid malignancies. These NCCN Guidelines Insights highlight important updates to the NCCN Guidelines regarding the incorporation of newly FDA-approved granulocyte-colony stimulating factor biosimilars for the prevention and treatment of FN.
Turismo e identidad en San Miguel de Allende, México
Authors: Soto de Anda Luis Angel , Cruz Jiménez Graciela , Vargas Martínez Elva Esther
Published: January 2020

El artículo aborda a la identidad como categoría de análisis desde una perspectiva turística en San Miguel de Allende (SMA). La investigación tuvo como soporte una metodología cualitativa sustentada en el método histórico y etnográfico. Entre los principales hallazgos figura que el turismo ha posicionado las manifestaciones culturales de los sanmiguelenses en las preferencias del público nacional e internacional, afianzando una serie de referentes identitarios que vinculan a la población local con su espacio físico y social, además de promover un turismo amigable y receptivo con visitantes de diferentes partes del mundo. Se concluye que los sectores público, social y privado, deben emprender un trabajo colaborativo para rescatar y afianzar la identidad.

The article research the identity as an analysis category from a tourist perspective in San Miguel de Allende (SMA). The investigation had as support a qualitative methodology based on the historic and ethnographic method. Among the principal findings, tourism has been preferred in national and international public's as a cultural manifestation of the native population of San Miguel de Allende, supporting a series of identity references that link local population with their physical and social environment, besides that promotes a friendly and receptive tourism with visitors of different parts of the world. It is concluded that the public, social and private sectors must start a collaborative effort to rescue and support the identity.
A propósito de la inalterabilidad e intangibilidad del patrimonio genético humano como bien digno de protección penal
Authors: Sánchez Vilanova María
Published: January 2020

En el presente estudio se efectúa una reflexión sobre el delito de manipulación genética contemplado en el artículo 159 del Código penal, precepto cuya concreta regulación despierta numerosas objeciones, especialmente en atención al bien jurídico de carácter colectivo que protege, como es la identidad genética, cuestionándose si esta conducta en particular encontraría mejor acomodo en la legislación administrativa.
La doctrina del efecto desaliento como punto de conexión entre el Derecho penal y los derechos fundamentales
Authors: Colomer Bea David
Published: January 2020

RESUMEN. Una norma penal puede disuadir del ejercicio de un derecho fundamental cuando se aplica de forma desproporcionada sobre una conducta limítrofe con el ejercicio legítimo de dicho derecho. El objeto de este trabajo es analizar ese efecto que pueden producir las normas penales, conocido como “efecto desaliento”, tomando como ejemplo los hechos ocurridos el 20 de septiembre de 2017 ante la Conselleria de Economía de la Generalitat de Cataluña.
Concepto y concepciones del castigo y su incidencia en la asignación de responsabilidad penal
Authors: Torres Ortega Ilsse Carolina
Published: January 2020

RESUMEN.  En este trabajo se realiza un análisis conceptual y justificatorio sobre el castigo jurídico como elemento crucial de la asignación de responsabilidad penal. Para ello, se propone que, si bien el concepto es descriptivo y neutral desde cierta perspectiva, cuando se trata de dar cuenta de cómo es usado dentro de la práctica jurídico-punitiva, el concepto es de carácter normativo. Se plantea que ese carácter normativo se articula en distintos contenidos que conforman diversas concepciones, las cuales constituyen los marcos valorativos para realizar el juicio de justificación sobre el castigo.
La prohibición de Ébano swing y Cachita en el primer franquismo (Circular 98): mucho más que la simple censura de dos temas musicales
Authors: Centenera Sanchez Seco Fernando
Published: January 2020

RESUMEN. Este trabajo centra la atención en la Circular 98, que prohibió los temas musicales Ébano swing y Cachita durante el primer franquismo. El estudio analiza la medida desde la perspectiva del totalitarismo, considera las causas que suscitaron la fijación de la censura en los dos temas citados, y los motivos que pudieran explicar circunstancias tales como la no proliferación de prohibiciones en el mismo sentido. También se tratan numerosas deficiencias normativas, tanto de la Circular 98 como de otras regulaciones dedicadas a la censura musical, así como la eficacia de la prohibición. Finalmente se exponen varias conclusiones.
 
ABSTRACT. This article focuses on the 98th Circular which banned the musical numbers Ébano swing and Cachita in the early years of the Franco regime. It analyses the measure from the perspective of totalitarianism and ponders what led the censor to prohibit both numbers and why such prohibitions did not proliferate. It also studies a number of regulatory shortcomings in the 98th Circular itself and in other legislation concerning the censorship of music, as well as assessing the efficacy of prohibition. Some conclusions bring the article to an end.
#eindakoa# (lo que hemos hecho) Un MÉTODO pedagógico del MÉTODO de Proyectos de Diseño de Interior
Authors: Besa Eneko
Published: January 2020

El presente artículo se basa en una memoria de la asignatura de Proyectos de Diseño de Interiores, 2º curso, en IDarte.
Cada ejercicio del curso queda resumido a través de una imagen. Dicha imagen se acompaña de una pequeña memoria que incluye el planteamiento, el soporte conceptual, los referentes históricos y filosóficos, así como la orientación pedagógica y la estrategia del ejercicio dentro del curso global.
La originalidad de método pedagógico propuesto se fundamenta en ofrecer la máxima libertad al alumno/a en cuanto al planteamiento creativo personal se refiere, pero siempre dentro de un marco y unos límites definidos para cada ejercicio.
Dicho marco se diseña de tal forma que, ya con él, se proporciona toda una paleta metodológica a través de la cual el/la alumno/a asimila el contenido de una asignatura tan difícil de definir y concretar como es Proyectos. De ahí el valor del marco que se ofrece, pues éste ya en sí mismo constituye lo que podríamos definir ‘el diseño del diseño’ de interiores.
La conclusión es el tapiz en el que todos los ejercicios se entretejen para ofrecer una paleta multi-metodológica. Dichos ejercicios no sólo vienen justificados por la diferencia mutua mediante la que se comparan, sino por la originalidad metodológica sustancial por la que cada ejercicio se caracteriza y forma una ‘trama’ junto con el resto, construyendo el planteamiento total del curso.