bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
PELAKSANAAN LAYANAN BIMBINGAN KELOMPOK UNTUK MENINGKATKAN MOTIVASI SISWA YANG MEMILIKI EKONOMI LEMAH UNTUK STUDI LANJUT
Authors: Fathia Nurul Izzah , Ferdiansyah Muhammad , Surtiyono Endang
Published: September 2022

Tujuan dari penelitian ini untuk dapat menggambarkan motivasi siswa yang memiliki ekonomi lemah untuk melanjutkan studi sebelum diberikan bimbingan kelompok masih rendah, untuk menggambarkan motivasi yang diberikan kepada siswa untuk melanjutkan studi setelah diberikan bimbingan kelompok mengalami peningkatan, serta dapat perbedaan tingkat motivasi siswa yang memiliki ekonomi lemah untuk melanjutkan studi setelah melakukan bimbingan kelompok. Metode penelitian yang dilakukan dalam penelitian adalah metode quasi experimental design. Teknik pengumpulan data melalui angket dan dokumentasi. Sebelum angket disebarkan diuji validitas dan reliabilitasnya, data analisis menggunakan rumus statistik non parametric yaitu uji t ((Paired Samples Test)) untuk data berpasangan dianalisis menggunakan SPSS Versi 23.0. Berdasarkan hasil analisis uji t dua sampel berpasangan (Paired Samples Test), maka dapat diperoleh hasil, yaitu: thitung (10,931) > ttabel (1,833), maka Ho ditolak dan Ha diterima. Artinya, layanan bimbingan kelompok efektif terhadap motivasi siswa kelas XI SMA Negeri 1 Tanjung Agung. Hal tersebut menunjukkan nilai rata-rata sesudah diberikannya layanan bimbingan kelompok kepada siswa lebih besar dari nilai rata-rata sebelum diberikannya layanan bimbingan kelompok kepada siswa, maka dapat disimpulkan bahwa pemberian layanan bimbingan kelompok dapat meningkatkan motivasi siswa memiliki ekonomi lemah untuk melanjutkan studi ke Perguruan Tinggi.
PENGARUH TEKNIK SELF CONTROL UNTUK MENGURANGI KECANDUAN GAME ONLINE PESERTA DIDIK
Authors: Sholihah Siti Aisa Nikmatus
Published: September 2022

Abstrak: Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui pengaruh teknik pengendalian diri terhadap penurunan kecanduan game online siswa. Penelitian ini menggunakan desain penelitian One Group Pre-Test Post-Test Design, populasi 62 siswa kelas XI sebagai sampel penelitian yang diambil secara purposive sampling. Penggunaan teknik pengendalian diri ini menurunkan tingkat kecanduan game online dari 10 siswa dengan menunjukkan adanya peningkatan mean (mean) variabel kecanduan game online (Pre-Test) sebelum diberikan perlakuan sebesar 83,50 dengan standar deviasi sebesar 5,523 sedangkan rerata variabel kecanduan game online setelah diberikan perlakuan Post-Test sebesar 61,50 dengan standar deviasi sebesar 11.198. Berdasarkan perhitungan menggunakan SPSS versi 25 statistik Wilxoson Non-Parametric Tests yang menunjukkan hasil Negatif Ranks dari kecanduan game online untuk Pre Test dan Post Test, nilai N 10a, Mean Rank 5,50 dan Sum Rank 55,00 menunjukkan penurunan kecanduan game online pada siswa.Berdasarkan hasil Uji Statistik diketahui bahwa Asymp.Sig (2-tailed) bernilai 0,005. Karena nilainya 0,005 < 0,05. Sehingga dapat disimpulkan bahwa ada pengaruh teknik pengendalian diri terhadap penurunan adiksi game online pada siswa kelas XI IPA SMA Negeri 1 Krian.
HUBUNGAN KECEMASAN BELAJAR DENGAN PRESTASI BELAJAR SAAT PANDEMI COVID-19
Authors: Meiliya Ade Elsa , Mudhar Mudhar , Farid Dimas Ardika Miftah
Published: September 2022

Penelitian ini dilakukan untuk mengetahui hubungan antara kecemasan belajar dengan prestasi belajar saat pandemi covid-19. Subjek penelitian adalah peserta didik kelas VII & VIII dengan jumlah 98 siswa. Penelitian ini menggunakann metode penelitian kuantitatif dengan pendekatan korelatif. Metode pengumpulan data yang digunakan adalah skala pengukuran dengan menggunakan kuesioner skala kecemasan dan dokumentasi pengambilan rapor siswa. Menggunakan metode analisis data statistik dengan rumusan yang digunakan adalah Perason Product Moment. Berdasarkan hasil korelasi menggunakan aplikasi spss versi 26 dengan nilai r = 0.200 dan nilai p = -0.131 untuk kecemasan belajar. Untuk prestasi  belajar menunjukkan nilai r = 0.200 dan nilai p = -0.131. Jumlah tersebut menunjukkan bahwa p > 0.05 sehingga dapat dikatakan bahwa tidak ada hubungan yang signifikan antara Kecemasan belajar dengan prestasi belajar siswa saat pandemi covid-19 siswa kelas VII & VIII SMPN 48 Surabaya.
PROSES KONSELING TERHADAP NILAI NILAI MORAL DALAM PERSFEKTIF AL-QUR’AN
Authors: Nelisma Yuliana , Irman Irman
Published: September 2022

Nilai dan sikap positif seperti kejujuran, kesabaran, kesederhanaan dan kedermawanan sebenarnya juga diwariskan oleh genetika orang tuanya. Nilai dan moral peserta didik juga perlu diperhatikan karena pendidikan di sekolah sangat berperan dalam mendukung pengembangan peserta didik. Kemudian guru dan konselor sangat berperan penting dalam menanamkan nilai-nilai moral dan peserta didik. Konselor dapat menyisipkan nilai-nilai moral religius dalam setiap program. Penguatan dapat dilakukan konselor setiap memberikan layanan baik seacara individu maupun kelompok. Al-qur’an sebagai pegangan hidup umat islam, tidak berlaku untuk satu zaman tertentu saja, melainkan berlaku untuk sepanjang zaman, inilah antara lain kemu’jizatan Al-qur’an yang selalu dapat dipertahankan keasliannya dan kesuciannya dengan perkembangan.
PENINGKATAN SELF CONFIDENT SISWA KELAS V PADA MATA PELAJARAN AGAMA ISLAM DI SD NEGERI 0713 PIR TRANS SOSA IA DI SD NEGERI 0713 PIR TRANS SOSA IA TAHUN 2022
Authors: Ritonga Siti Holija
Published: September 2022

Adapun rumusan masalah dalam penelitian ini adalah “ Apakah Terdapat Peningkatan Self Confident siswa kelas V SD Negeri 0713 Pir Trans Sosa IA”?. Tujuan penelitian adalah Untuk Mengetahui Apakah Terdapat Peningkatan Self Confident siswa pada pelajaran agama Islam di SD Negeri 0713 Pir Trans Sosa IA. Teknik pengambilan sampel yang digunakan dengan Teknik Purposive Sampling menentukan kriteria dan pada jenis yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah penelitian Kuantitatif. Dengan Metode Eksperimen. Desain Penelitian Ini Adalah Pretest dan Posttest.Teknik analisa data dalam penelitian ini adalah mempergunakan perhitungan korelasi product moment, yaitu: berdasarkan hasil perhitungan yang penulis lakukan melalui rumus korelasi product momentdengan SPSS diperolehhasil pretest eksperimen 892 dengan Rata-rata 89,2 dan posttest kelompok eksperimen 911 dengan Rata-rata 91,1   dengan jumlah sampel pada kelas eksperimen sebanyak N=10 dan kelas kontrol sebanyak N=10 dan taraf  signifikan 5% adalah 0.05. maka penulis menyimpulkan bahwa hipotesis dapat diterima.
DUKUNGAN KELUARGA DAN KEMANDIRIAN TERHADAP PRESTASI BELAJAR SISWA DI SMP NEGERI 11 PADANGSIDEMPUAN
Authors: Pardede Nurhasanah , Harahap Erlina , Sukatno Sukatno , Dalimunthe Ulfa Daiyana
Published: September 2022

Tujuan yang ingin dicapai adalah : (1) Untuk mengetahui tingkat pembukaan diri siswa diberikan layanan bimbingan kelompok pada kelompok eksperimen dan kelompok kontrol (2) Untuk mengetahui pelaksanaan layanan bimbingan kelompok dalam meningkatkan pembukaan diri siswa. Metode penelitian yang digunakan True experimental design dengan bentuk preetest-posttest Control Group Design. Dengan sampal kelompok eksperimen yaitu VIII – 2 sebanyak 10 siswa dan kontrol yaitu kelas VIII – 3 sebanyak 10 siswa sehingga jumlah sampel 20 siswa.Hasil temuan pada kelompok eksperimen dan kelompok kontrol terhadap peningkatan yang signifikan antara hasil preetest kontrol dan posttest eksperimen. Rata-rata variabel pengendalian perkembangan emosi siswa sebesar 143.5000 (Posttest eksperimen) sedangkan kelas kontrol 141.1000 (Posttest kontrol) ini terlihat perbedaan yang sangat signifikan.Hasil pengelolaan data, menunjukkan bahwa pelaksanaan layanan bimbingan kelompok dapat meningkatkan pembukaan diri siswa SMP Negeri 1 Sipirok.
Improving the efficiency of methane extraction from coal seams
Authors:   A. Saginov Karaganda Technical University, Rabatuly M. , Musin R.A. ,   A. Saginov Karaganda Technical University, Demin V.F. ,   A. Saginov Karaganda Technical University, Usupaev Sh.Е. ,   Central-Asian Institute for Applied Geosciences, Kenetaeva A.A. ,   A. Saginov Karaganda Technical University
Published: September 2022

This article presents possible reasons for the low productivity of wells for coal methane extraction and ways to resolve them using hydrochloric acid treatment of wells. A common reason for the low productivity of wells is a decrease in the permeability of the bottom-hole formation zone. Starch, calcium carbonate, and drilling rocks, which are part of the drilling mud, change the filtration properties of the layer during the formation of a filtration crust and lead to a decrease in the initial permeability. Hydrochloric acid treatment, during which clay rocks are dissolved, is an effective method of increasing the productivity of wells. It is used to increase pick-up and prevent contamination of the bottom-hole zone of the carbonate formation. The parameters affecting the effectiveness of hydrochloric acid treatments were considered. The results of the experience of the interaction of hydrochloric acid with a clay crust are presented and analyzed using approaches to the mechanics of multiphase media. Dependences of the rate of dissolution of clay rock on the concentration of acid solution are obtained. It is established that the treatment of the productive intermediate layer of the well with hydrochloric acid in a certain concentration, its use increases the technological and economic efficiency of wells. As a result of experimental work, it was found that hydrochloric acid with an HCL concentration above 18% has a negative effect on the internal equipment of the well when processing clay shells.
Ways of Rare Earth Elements Migration and Transportation to the coals of the Shubarkol Deposit
Authors:   Abylkas Saginov Karaganda Technical University, Blyalova G.G. , Kopobayeva A.N. ,   Abylkas Saginov Karaganda Technical University, Amangeldykyzy A. ,   Abylkas Saginov Karaganda Technical University, Askarova N.S. ,   Abylkas Saginov Karaganda Technical University, Ozhigin D.S. ,   Abylkas Saginov Karaganda Technical University
Published: September 2022

The article presents the results of studying the mineralogical and geochemical features of coals and clay interlayers of the Shubarkol deposit. There were analyzed 71 samples of clay layers and 49 samples of coal using the instrumental neutron activation analysis (INAA), powder X-ray diffractometry, and scanning electron microscopy. A comprehensive analysis of the geochemical and mineralogical characteristics of coals and their enclosing clay interlayers was carried out. A variety of geochemical criteria made it possible to establish the facts of the rare earth elements (REE) migration, and the latest data of mineralogy made it possible to establish the ways of their transportation to the paleobasin in the syn- and epigenetic periods of the Shubarkol deposit formation. The data of the paleoclimate and water composition of the paleobasin of peat formation are presented for the first time. Among other things, the analysis made it possible to identify a number of independent sources and various mechanisms of REE accumulation in the sediments of the Shubarkol deposit. The main patterns of the REE distribution that are expressed in the predominance of light lanthanides over heavy lanthanides, were established, and the role and composition of the rocks surrounding coal deposits in the concentration of REE were considered. Aluminosilicates, sulfides, and sulfates with inclusions of microparticles of rare and rare-earth REE elements were found in coals and clay interlayers.
Vacuum sublimators with rheological displacement of the dispersed medium
Authors:   ", Trebukhov S.A. ,   Institute of Metallurgy and Ore Beneficiation” JSC,   Satbayev University, Volodin V.N. ,   "Institute of Metallurgy and Ore Beneficiation” JSC; Satbayev University, Nitcenko A.V. ,   "Institute of Metallurgy and Ore Beneficiation” JSC; Satbayev University, Trebukhov A.A. ,   "Institute of Metallurgy and Ore Beneficiation” JSC; Satbayev University, Kilibayev E.O. ,   L.N.  Gumilyov  Eurasian National University
Published: September 2022

Based on the analysis of designs and technological processes carried out in vacuum electric furnaces developed to date for the processing of dispersed materials by sublimation of volatile components from them, and problems associated with technological processes, technical solutions are proposed in the present work in which the movement of concentrate is carried out due to rheological properties with direct heating by radiation from the heater to the surface of the transported and mixing raw materials. During the development of the equipment, a concept was adopted in which the movement of material in the sublimation zone of the furnace is ensured due to rheological properties, which opens up the possibility of using materials inert to the sulfide atmosphere and realizing heat transfer by radiation to open areas of dispersed material. Technological tests on sublimation of arsenic sulfide compounds from granulated concentrates of Nezhdaninsky and Bakyrchik deposits have confirmed the prospects of such a constructive design of sublimation processes. The application of the developed equipment in practice will ensure the technical and economic efficiency of production in compliance with all environmental requirements with minimal impact on the environment, which is currently a fundamental indicator when choosing a particular technology.
Ceramic molds based on yttrium oxide for the casting of titanium alloys
Authors: Chukmanova M.T. , Panichkin A.V. , Mamayeva A.A. , Kenzhaliyev B.K. , Azlan M.N.
Published: September 2022

The effect of various binding agents based on aqueous solutions of nitric acid, yttrium nitrate and orthophosphoric acid and yttrium hydroxide gel on the physical and mechanical properties of casting molds based on Y2O3 has been studied. It is shown that the most promising binding agent for yttrium oxide casting molds is a phosphate bond. The data describing the curing mechanism of phosphate-bonded molding mass is presented. The influence of the concentration of binding agent solutions on the strength characteristics of molding materials after curing and heat treatment is shown. Information about the interaction of yttrium oxide powder molds with phosphate-binding with titanium melt of VT1-0 and VT6 grades is presented. The obtained data allowed us to describe the advantages and disadvantages of the developed molding compound. A method for producing casting molds based on yttrium oxide powder with a yttrium phosphate-binding agent was developed based on this research.
Índice de salud municipal, metodología y cálculo, caso Ocotepec, Chiapas; México
Authors:   Facultad de Ciencias Odontológicas y Salud Pública, UNICACH, Durán García Rosa Margarita , Gutiérrez Zavala Ángel ,   Facultad de Ciencias Odontológicas y Salud Pública, UNICACH, Jiménez Acevedo Hilda María ,   Centro de Estudios sobre la Universidad (CESU), UNACH, Patiño Suárez María Magdalena ,   Facultad de Ciencias Odontológicas y Salud Pública, UNICACH, Gutiérrez Domínguez Luis Ángel ,   Instituto de Estudios Superiores de Chiapas (IESCH), Universidad Salazar
Published: September 2022

El objetivo de este estudio fue permitir la aplicación del índice municipal de salud y comparación de resultados en diferentes áreas o de la misma área en diferentes momentos en un municipio de Chiapas, caso Ocotepec. Material y Método: La metodología se basó en las siguientes estrategias: 1.- Búsqueda y análisis de la metodología propuesta en el índice de Desarrollo Municipal del Sistema de Información Estadística y Geográfica de Jalisco (SIEG) 2012 y por López Pardo et al., 2001, y su aplicación. 2.- Análisis de alternativas potenciales de esta metodología para el contexto de Chiapas. 3.- Elaboración de la metodología modificada. 4.- Aplicación de la metodología en la estimación del Índice de Salud Municipal (ISM), Ocotepec. Resultados: Cuando el ISM para Ocotepec, Chiapas, se confronta con municipios de bajo índice de desarrollo humano, el índice es considerado Medio, y cuando se compara con municipios clasificados como índice medio bajo el índice para Ocotepec es considerado Bajo y cuando se colaciona con todos los municipios de Chiapas el índice de salud municipal persiste como Bajo. Conclusión: La situación de Salud de Ocotepec es desfavorable, o muy desfavorable en el contexto de los municipios de Chiapas. Palabras clave: Índice de Salud, Ocotepec, Chiapas.
¿Qué es salud? Revisión histórica del concepto a partir de la definición de la OMS en 1948
Authors:   Hospital Regional ", Hernández Gamboa Luis Ernesto ,   Dr. Rafael Pascacio Gamboa",   , Tuxtla Gutiérrez, Cañaveral Pascacio Seyla del Rosario ,   Hospital Regional "Dr. Rafael Pascacio Gamboa", Tuxtla Gutiérrez
Published: September 2022

El presente es un artículo de revisión por lo que se hace una descripción pormenorizada, selectiva y crítica que recoge información relevante de la definición de salud y su evolución, desde la definición publicada por la OMS, en 1948, siendo integrada en una perspectiva unitaria y de conjunto. Tiene como finalidad plantear los cambios históricos que ha tenido el concepto de salud, partiendo de la primera definición que elaboró la Organización Mundial de la Salud, posterior a su creación al término de la Segunda Guerra Mundial, en al año 1948. No buscamos proponer una nueva definición, sino hacer una revisión de los cambios que han sucedido desde el surgimiento del mismo y que han impactado de una u otra forma en la manera de entender y modificar los sistemas de salud. No se busca entonces, comprender la evolución antes del surgimiento de este importante concepto, sino identificar lo sucedido a partir del surgimiento de la definición de salud, que fue un hito histórico al separarse de enfermedad, hasta nuestros días. Palabras clave: Salud; dimensiones sociales; Atención Primaria; Declaración de Vancouver.
NEW APPOINTMENTS TO ASEAN AND THE UN HAVE NOT YET LED TO A BREAKTHROUGH IN RELATIONS WITH MYANMAR
Authors:   Institute of oriental studies, Russian academy of sciences (MOSCOW), SIMONIYA Aida A.
Published: September 2022

The crisis in Myanmar has also affected the beginning of the activities of high-ranking officials who recently took office. Cambodia, represented by Prime Minister Hun Sen, took over the baton as ASEAN Chairman, Singaporean diplomat Noelene Heizer was appointed Special Envoy of the UN Secretary-General to Myanmar. Cambodia's Foreign Minister Prak Sokhonn replaced Erivan Yusof as ASEAN's Special Envoy for Myanmar. The Prime Minister of Cambodia caused dissatisfaction of his ASEAN colleagues and outrage of the world community due to his visit to Myanmar a week after officially taking office. The first visit of the head of State to Myanmar after the military coup was perceived as ensuring the legitimacy of the military administration. At the same time, due to a misunderstanding between the guest and the host party on the issue of the release of an Australian citizen, the leader of Cambodia "lost face". Noelene Heizer underestimated the power of public opinion. She was fiercely attacked by opponents of the military regime because of the use of an unsuccessful thesis about the "division of power". The Office of the Special Envoy tried to "save face" by insisting that Heizer had never suggested power sharing as an option, and the interview with N. Heizer was misinterpreted. The mission of the new ASEAN Special Envoy, Prak Sokhonn, was not crowned with great success either. During his visit to Myanmar, he met only with representatives of the regime and did not meet with all interested parties, which contradicts the five-point consensus.
CLIMATE POLICY OF SINGAPORE
Authors:   IMEMO RAS, Russia, Moscow, ROGOZHINA Natalia G.
Published: September 2022

The article analyzes the specifics of the ongoing measures to combat climate change, the need for which is due to the extreme vulnerability of Singapore to the effects of climate warming and the implementation of international mandatory measures to reduce CO2 emissions. This determines the two-dimensional nature of the ongoing climate policy, which, on the one hand, is aimed at adapting to climate change, and on the other hand, at reducing greenhouse gas emissions. Answering the question posed in the article about how adequate the current climate policy is to the tasks set, the author comes to the conclusion that despite the progress made in the development of green technologies and improving the efficiency of energy resources, Singapore remains dependent on the use of fossil fuels and a hostage to the ongoing economic policy in damage to environmental interests.
GROUP LOYALTY AND INFORMAL RELATIONS IN SOME SOUTHEAST ASIAN COUNTRIES
Authors:   Institute of oriental studies, Russian academy of sciences (MOSCOW), GRAFOV Dmitry B.
Published: September 2022

The article discusses informal relationships in some SouthEast Asian countries on the basis of group loyalty from the perspective of Exchange theory. The article examines the principles and general features of the relationship of indigenous informal groups. The author attempts to represent the structure of relations within an informal social aggregate as a matrix of ties between members of the group. This matrix can be considered as a batch of parameter of the social structure.
TASMAN EXPEDITION: DISCOVERY OF NEW ZEALAND AND FIRST CONTACT OF EUROPEANS WITH MAORI
Authors:   Institute of oriental studies, Russian academy of sciences (MOSCOW), KOCHETKOV Dmitry S.
Published: September 2022

This article is about the very first visit of the European explorers to New Zealand and their first contact with the native New Zealanders now known as the Maori people.
Perceptions of Teachers about Assessment Practices at Primary Level in Private Schools of Lahore
Authors: Cheema Saba , Siddiqui Malahat , Massod Sajid
Published: September 2022

Assessment is the heart of the whole teaching-learning process and is considered fundamental for students learning. The perception of the teachers plays a vital role and usually influences their own practices. Therefore, studying the perception of the teachers can be helpful in improving the quality of education. The current study, therefore, aims at studying the perception of primary teachers of private schools in Lahore about their assessment-related practices. 250 teachers across Lahore were conveniently selected as the participants of the study. A questionnaire comprising 36 items was dispersed electronically owing to ongoing COVID-19 restrictions. However, teachers were approached physically whenever possible. The findings show the examination is perceived as a tool to bring improvement both in students learning and teaching practices. It is, therefore, high time to train teachers to effectively use different modes of assessments to come at par with global standards of quality assessment systems.
Influence of Student Engagement on Academic Challenges: Does Engagement Matter?
Authors: Zafar Sabiha , Nausheen Munaza
Published: September 2022

The study was quantitative in nature, and a causal-comparative design was used. Researchers intended to explore the influence of student engagement on their ability to cope with academic challenges. The population of the study was prospective teachers, i.e. students enrolled in B.Ed. (Hons.)at public sector universities of Punjab, Pakistan. The sample was selected in two stages. In the first stage,universities were sampled, and in the second stage, students from these universities were sampled through the purposive sampling technique. Data was collected by using a self-constructed questionnaire(Student Engagement Tool and Academic Challenges Questionnaire). Data were analyzed by using Smart PLS-SEM. The research concluded that students who actively engaged in their studies were more inclined to meet their academic challenges.
Involvement in Physical Education as Predictor of Students Health and Academic Success: A Cross-sectional Approach
Authors: Iqbal Anila , Kausar Salma , khan Amjad Ali
Published: September 2022

The purpose of the current study was to examine the contribution of college-based physical education participation to health and academic success. Additionally, gender-based differences in students' responses regarding physical education, students' health and academic success were examined.Physical education, students' health and academic achievement were examined with the help of properly validated and reliable self-made closed-ended questionnaires. Results indicated that physical education was positively and significantly related to health (r=.887) and academic success (r=.905) of college students. Regression analysis produced significant positive effects of physical education on students' health and academic achievement (p
Effect of Parenting Styles on Student Performance among Secondary School Students in District Lahore
Authors: Akhter Tehseen , Hashmi Muhammad Amir , Shad Elizabeth
Published: September 2022

The present study aims to investigate the association of parenting style and academic performance in school students. The sample comprised of district Lahore school students. Parent were recruited from different rural and urban areas of Lahore district. Students were asked to report information about both mother and father. The scales to study variables were used as parent burnout assessment (PBA), Emotional regulation questionnaire (EQR), Parenthood constellation (PCON),Cor parental cooperation (COP), Parent violence and neglect (PVIO), to observe parent’s attitude towards student performance. Anova and t-test have been applied to test hypothesis to find out significant relationship between parenting style and student’s academic performance. Findings indicate that parenting style is the significant predictor of academic performance. Further study found that there is significant relationship between parenting styles of mother with student performance but there is different between parenting style of mothers and fathers.
Implementation and Incorporation of International Treaties into Domestic Law of Pakistan: A Case Study of International Space Law Treaties
Authors: Ahmad Shakeel , Rabbi Fazal , Riaz Ahsan
Published: September 2022

Countries routinely sign bilateral and multilateral treaties that oblige them to abide by their terms.Ratification of the international treaty requires that common law countries should incorporate the treaty into domestic law. English common law serves as the foundation for Pakistan's legislation governing the reception of international treaties. The rationale of the common law system typically does not directly incorporate international treaties but requires separate enabling legislation so that there should be no conflicting legal provisions between national law and the provisions of the relevant treaty. The rationale behind incorporation varies as per constitutional requirements and the interest of the state. This paper provides the general explanations in the context of the common law legal system specific to Pakistan; as a case study, international space law treaties have been discussed to provide the answer to why incorporation and implementation is an important steps.
Freedom of Information in Pakistan: Social and Legal Perspective
Authors: Abbasi Ambreen
Published: September 2022

Over Seventy years have passed since independence, but the colonial system of governance, which excluded public participation in the formulation and implementation of public policy, continues to exist in Pakistan. Citizens have lost confidence in the system and have developed an attitude of apathy towards issues of larger public concern. Recently the inclusion of Article 19(a) recognizing freedom of information in the Constitution as a fundamental right is a step in the right direction; however, mere inclusion in the list of fundamental rights will not serve any purpose unless the practice of this right is facilitated through the development of a system and removal of hindrances in the free flow of information. An effective FOI regime is a need of time. In order to conduct this research, qualitative research methodology was applied, and the instant article was part of the author's PhD research.
Political Patriarchy: An Obstruction in the Way of Optimum Performance by Women Legislators from KP
Authors: Farid Sumera , Hussain Basharat
Published: September 2022

Women constitute half of the global population, but their voice in the policy making bodies is absent.Pakistan under Pervez Musharraf introduced reserved seats for women at all three levels of the country's politic sin 2002. This study about the performance of women legislators of KP revealed that as opposed to the provincial assembly of KP, women's contribution to parliamentary business in the national assembly was better than men's.Moreover, the political patriarchy was found to hinder the participation of women in the decision-making.Women MNAs on reserved seats were not given funds rendering them unable to involve in community projects and develop vote banks and brighten their prospects of contesting elections in future. Women MPAs in the KP assembly received discretionary funds, but there have been allegations that their respective parties used it for political gains, and the money was spent in the constituencies of male members on general seats
Qualitative Study on the Litigant behavior of Advocates in Pakistan
Authors: Khan Abid , Mukhtar Sana , Ali Ashraf
Published: September 2022

Investigating advocates' litigant conduct is an intriguing goal of the current study. The psychological component of litigant behavior, particularly in advocates, is revealed by this qualitative study. A total sample(N=10) with an equal number of licensed advocates (n=10, 5 men and 5 women) was purposefully chosen. With the aid of earlier literature, the interview protocol—a semi-structured questionnaire—was devised to delve deeply into the litigious behavior of the participants. The extensive interviews were done, recorded on tape, and then written down. Interpretative phenomenological analysis (IPA) was utilized to identify themes from the majority of the data in order to determine the litigant behavior.
Dystopic Simulacra, Virtual Identities and Cultural Implosion in Shteyngart's Super Sad True Love Story
Authors: Shaheen Muhammad Mahmood Ahmad , Saeed Sohail Ahmad , Naeem Ahmad
Published: September 2022

This paper offers a critique of contemporary media culture, virtual identities, and simulacra in the implosion of cultural and human values. The contemporary culture is characterized by media and virtual reality,which reduces the traditional concept of human interaction, language, and culture. The paper interprets GarryShteyngart’s Super Sad True Love Story in the light of Jameson, Baudrillard and Nicol's concepts of simulacra and media culture. Shteyngart’s novel takes the dystopic view of a consumer society where human lives are subject to social media feeds, and human subjectivity is nothing more than an algorithm of credit and ranking. In this dystopic situation, Jameson's aesthetic of cognitive mapping can help to make sense of one's subjectivity and orientation in the culture of simulation and implosion. This paper claims that dystopic simulacra produce virtual identities at the cost of human subjectivity and language, which causes cultural and social implosion.
Patient Satisfaction Relative to Rural Population Trends in AJK, Pakistan
Authors: Khan Abdul Razzaq
Published: September 2022

The present study was conducted in rural areas of Azad Jammu and Kashmir (AJK). New Basic Health Units (BHU) was introduced for primary health care that was ruined completely in the Earthquake of 2005. The study focused on measuring the satisfaction of patients from these new BHUs in rural areas of AJK. Furthermore,the study compares patient satisfaction across different demographic factors. The satisfaction was measured by the standard scale Key Quality Characteristics for Assessment of Hospitals (KQCAH). Measured patient satisfaction was compared across gender and marital status using independent samples t-test and correlation. The study showed that female patients were less satisfied than male patients. Being housewives, they utilize near by health services more than males. Patients of higher age were more satisfied than of lower age, while more educated people were less satisfied than educated ones. Single patients were less satisfied than married ones.Hence, there is needed to fulfill the needs of the population, considering their different demographic characteristics.
Socio-economic Impact of Diamer Basha Dam Development on Thore Colony Dislocated Families
Authors: Ahmed Umair , Mazhar Farhana
Published: September 2022

The present research was focused on the “Social and economic impact of Diamer Basha Dam OfficerColony Development on Dislocated Families”. The total population was "131 Affectees Families", those familieswho were affected by the “Land Acquisition of WAPDA Officer Colony”. The total sample was 99 participantsand used a random sampling technique. The researcher developed a “Structured Questionnaire”and adopted aDescriptive Exploratory Design. The interview was conducted with "25" affectees' families members, and theresearcher used SPSS and used "Chi-Square Test" the study shows that 'There is no statistically significanteffect of the social-economic situation of Diamer Basha Dam officer colony Development on Displaced people.The findings stated that the affected families were taking the compensated money for property “up to “98percent”
Development of Social Media Applications as a New Platform of Interaction among Teenagers and its Consequences on Family Bonding
Authors: Qaisar Abdul Rehman , Wani Muhammad Ashraf , Juni Muhammad Sher
Published: September 2022

The current research is aimed at exploring the "Development of SNS as a New Platform of InteractionAmong Teenagers and its Consequences on Family Bonding." Data was collected from the teenage students ofcolleges and Schools. The present research is a survey-based study using Media Dependency and Uses andGratification as its theoretical foundation keeping in view the major concepts. A sample of 400 respondents isselected using the purposive sampling technique. The main social interaction patterns are Audio Chat, Gif,Messages, and Video Chat. The analysis of findings reveals that WhatsApp more affects teenagers' socialinteraction patterns (68 percent). It is observed from the findings that Facebook more frequently affects teenagers'bonding with Friends (61 percent). A correlation test is applied in this study. The study's findings supported a positiverelationship between the frequency of use of social media and the effects on social interaction patterns ofteenagers in terms of communication, interaction, gathering and socialization. Social media has significantlyaffected youngsters in building bonding's with friends as more sharing of feelings takes place with friends overdistance instead of families.
Epistemologija religije Johna Hicka
Authors: Tolvajčić Danijel
Published: September 2022

Prilog donosi prikaz i kritičku analizu epistemologije religije Johna Hicka, jednoga od najznačajnijih filozofa religije u prošlom stoljeću. Hickova epistemologija, osobito njezini središnji pojmovi poput »iskušavanja kao« i »eshatološke verifikacije«, nastoji etablirati smislenost i racionalnost religijskih tvrdnji pokazujući kako je religijsko iskušavanje svijeta epistemološki jednakovrijedno kao i ono naturalističko. Autor priloga nastoji upozoriti na neke poteškoće Hickove pozicije, osobito na manjkavost njegova razumijevanja religijske vjere. U konačnici, Hickova se epistemologija religije u većem svojem dijelu pokazuje problematičnom stoga što s jedne strane u potpunosti ovisi o subjektivnom religioznom iskustvu te s druge strane isključuje u potpunosti propozicijski aspekt vjere.
Dependable learning-enabled multiagent systems
Authors: Huang Xiaowei , Peng Bei , Zhao Xingyu
Published: September 2022

We are concerned with the construction, formal verification, and safety assurance of dependable multiagent systems. For the case where the system (agents and their environment) can be explicitly modelled, we develop formal verification methods over several logic languages, such as temporal epistemic logic and strategy logic, to reason about the knowledge and strategy of the agents. For the case where the system cannot be explicitly modelled, we study multiagent deep reinforcement learning, aiming to develop efficient and scalable learning methods for cooperative multiagent tasks. In addition to these, we develop (both formal and simulation-based) verification methods for the neural network based perception agent that is trained with supervised learning, considering its safety and robustness against attacks from an adversarial agent, and other approaches (such as explainable AI, reliability assessment, and safety argument) for the analysis and assurance of the learning components. Our ultimate objective is to combine formal methods, machine learning, and reliability engineering to not only develop dependable learning-enabled multiagent systems but also provide rigorous methods for the verification and assurance of such systems.
AhRR methylation contributes to disease progression in urothelial bladder cancer
Authors: El-Haddad Nataly W. , El Kawak Michelle , El Asmar Khalil , Jabbour Michel E. , Moussa Mohamad A. , Habib Rima R. , Dhaini Hassan R.
Published: September 2022

BACKGROUND: Bladder Cancer (BCa) is the tenth most incident malignancy worldwide. BCa is mostly attributed to environmental exposure and lifestyle, particularly tobacco smoking. The Aryl Hydrocarbon Receptor Repressor (AhRR) participates in the induction of many enzymes involved in metabolizing carcinogens, including tobacco smoke components. Additionally, studies have shown that smoking demethylates the (AhRR) gene in blood, suggesting AhRR demethylation as a specific serum smoking biomarker. OBJECTIVE: This study aimed to validate AhRR demethylation as a smoking biomarker in the target tissue and investigate its contribution to bladder carcinogenesis. METHODS: AhRR percent methylation was tested for its association with patient smoking status and oncogenic outcome indicators, particularly p53, RB1, and FGFR3 activating mutations, muscle-invasiveness, and tumor grade, in 180 BCa tissue-based DNA. RESULTS: Results showed significantly higher AhRR percent methylation in muscle-invasive compared to non-muscle invasive tumors (42.86% vs. 33.98%; p= 0.011), while lower AhRR methylation was significantly associated with FGFR3 Codon 248 mutant genotype compared to wild-type (28.11% ± 9.44 vs. 37.87% ± 22.53; p= 0.036). All other tested associations were non-statistically significant. CONCLUSIONS: Although AhRR methylation did not predict smoking status in BCa tumors, it may be a contributor to carcinogenesis and disease progression. Our findings constitute the basis for further research.
TET-2 mutations predict poor outcomes and are associated with unfavorable clinical-biological features in PTCL, not otherwise specified and angioimmunoblastic T-cell lymphoma in Brazilian patients
Authors: de Pádua Covas Lage Luís Alberto , Barreto Guilherme Carneiro , Culler Hebert Fabricio , Cavalcante Jéssica Billar , de Oliveira Alves Lucas Bassolli , Nardinelli Luciana , Bendit Israel , Zerbini Maria Cláudia Nogueira , Rocha Vanderson , Pereira Juliana
Published: September 2022

INTRODUCTION: Nodal peripheral T-cell lymphomas [nPTCL] constitute a heterogeneous group of rare malignancies with aggressive biological behavior and poor prognosis. Epigenetic phenomena involving genes that control DNA-methylation and histone deacetylation play a central role in their pathogenesis. However, the mutational landscape involving epigenetic regulators has never been reported in Latin American patients and their prognostic impact remains controversial. PATIENTS AND METHODS: From 2000 to 2019, 59-Brazilian patients with nPTCL were eligible for screening mutations in the IDH-1, IDH-2, RHOA, TET-2 and DNMT3A genes by Sanger sequencing at Formalin-Fixed Paraffin-Embedded samples [FFPE] of diagnosis. We reported the frequency, distribution and potential prognosis of these mutations. RESULTS: With a median follow-up of 3.70 years, estimate 2-year OS and PFS were 57.1% and 49.2%, respectively. Mutations in the IDH-1 gene were not found, mutations in the IDH-2 occurred in 3.4% (2/59), RHOA in 23.7% (14/59), TET-2 in 50.8% (30/59) and DNMT3A in 62.7% (37/59). RHOA gene mutations were more frequent in PTCL, NOS and AITL (p= 0.06). Almost half of the patients had more than one mutation in concomitance, particularly RHOA-mut and TET-2-mut. Mutations in RHOA (p= 0.030) and TET-2 (p= 0.046) were associated with high-tumor burden. In the non-ALCL subgroup (PTCL, NOS and AITL) TET-2 mutations were associated with decreased 2-year PFS [HR: 2.22, p= 0.048]. Likewise with lower overall response rate [ORR] (p= 0.048) and unfavorable clinical features, as bulky disease (p= 0.012), ECOG ⩾ 2 (p= 0.032), B-symptoms (p= 0.012), ⩾ 2 extranodal sites compromised (p= 0.022) and high-risk Prognostic Index for T-cell lymphoma (p= 0.005). CONCLUSION: Mutations in RHOA, TET-2 and DNMT3A were frequent in Brazilian patients with nPTCL. TET-2 mutations were associated with lower ORR for CHOP-like chemotherapy, decreased PFS and unfavorable clinical-biological characteristics in non-ALCL (PTCL, NOS and AITL). Further studies using a larger cohort may validate our findings.
From undirected dependence to directed causality: A novel Bayesian learning approach
Authors: Wang Limin , Fan Hangqi , Kong He
Published: September 2022

Bayesian network (BN) is one of the most powerful probabilistic models in the field of uncertain knowledge representation and reasoning. During the past decade, numerous approaches have been proposed to build directed acyclic graph (DAG) as the structural specification of BN. However, for most Bayesian network classifiers (BNCs) the directed edges in DAG substantially represent assertions of conditional independence rather than causal relationships although the learned joint probability distributions may fit data well, thus they cannot be applied to causal reasoning. In this paper, conditional entropy is introduced to measure causal uncertainty due to its asymmetry characteristic, and heuristic search strategy is applied to build Bayesian causal tree (BCT) by identifying significant causalities. The resulting highly scalable topology can represent causal relationship in terms of causal science, and corresponding joint probability can fit training data in terms of data science. Then ensemble learning strategy is applied to build Bayesian causal forest (BCF) with a set of BCTs, each taking different attribute as the root node to represent root cause for causality analysis. Extensive experiments performed on 32 public datasets from the UCI machine learning repository show that BCF achieves outstanding classification performance compared to state-of-the-art single-model BNCs (e.g., CFWNB), ensemble BNCs (e.g., WATAN, IWAODE, WAODE-MI and TAODE) and non-Bayesian learners (e.g., SVM, k-NN, LR).
Evaluating semantic representations for extended association rules
Authors: Gutiérrez Espinoza Luis , Keith Norambuena Brian
Published: September 2022

In this work, we evaluate the impact of changing the semantic text representation on the performance of the AR-SVS (extended association rules in semantic vector spaces) algorithm on the sentiment polarity classification task on a paper reviews dataset. To do this, we use natural language processing techniques in conjunction with machine learning classifiers. In particular, we report the classification performance using the F1 and accuracy metrics. The semantic representations that we used in our evaluation were chosen based on a systematic literature review, leading to an evaluation of AR-SVS with FastText, GloVe, and LDA2vec representations, with word2vec providing the baseline performance. The results of the experiments indicate that the choice of semantic text representation does not have major effects on the performance of AR-SVS for polarity classification. Furthermore, the results resemble those obtained in the original AR-SVS article, both in quantitative and qualitative terms. Thus, while direct improvements in classification performance were not found, we discuss other aspects and advantages of using different semantic representations.
Self-organizing map with granular competitive learning: Application to microarray clustering
Authors: Ganivada Avatharam , Ramanna Sheela
Published: September 2022

Self-organizing map (SOM) models perform clustering process based on a competitive learning. The learning methods of these models involve neighborhood function such as Gaussian in the output layer, where the Euclidean distance from winning node to an output node is used. In this study, a granular competitive learning of SOM (SOMGCL) involving a fuzzy distance, the distance based granular neighborhood function and fuzzy initial connection weights is developed using the concepts of fuzzy rough set. The fuzzy distance between a winning node and an output node of SOM is computed where the average of memberships belonging to the lower approximations and boundary regions of a cluster obtained at the node is used. The fuzzy distance is incorporated into a Gaussian function to define the proposed neighborhood function. Dependency values of features using fuzzy rough sets are encoded into SOM as its fuzzy initial connection weights. Here, the concepts of fuzzy rough set are based on a new fuzzy strict order relation. While the fuzzy distance defines similarity measure in clustering process, the distance based granular neighborhood function handles uncertainty in cluster boundary regions. The effectiveness of SOMGCL is demonstrated in clustering of both the samples and genes in microarrays having the large number of genes and classes in terms of cluster evaluation metrics and quantization error. Further, biological meaning of gene clusters obtained using SOMGCL is elucidated using gene-ontology.
Expression Changes in Mitochondrial Genes Affecting Mitochondrial Morphology, Transmembrane Potential, Fragmentation, Amyloidosis, and Neuronal Cell Death Found in Brains of Alzheimer’s Disease Patients
Authors: Castora Frank J. , Kerns Kimberly A. , Pflanzer Haley K. , Hitefield Naomi L. , Gershon Blake , Shugoll Jason , Shelton Morgan , Coleman Randolph A.
Published: September 2022

Background: Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is a neurological disease that has both a genetic and non-genetic origin. Mitochondrial dysfunction is a critical component in the pathogenesis of AD as deficits in oxidative capacity and energy production have been reported. Objective: Nuclear-encoded mitochondrial genes were studied in order to understand the effects of mitochondrial expression changes on mitochondrial function in AD brains. These expression data were to be incorporated into a testable mathematical model for AD used to further assess the genes of interest as therapeutic targets for AD. Methods: RT2-PCR arrays were used to assess expression of 84 genes involved in mitochondrial biogenesis in AD brains. A subset of mitochondrial genes of interest was identified after extensive Ingenuity Pathway Analysis (IPA) (Qiagen). Further filtering of this subset of genes of interest was achieved by individual qPCR analyses. Expression values from this group of genes were included in a mathematical model being developed to identify potential therapeutic targets. Results: Nine genes involved in trafficking proteins to mitochondria, morphology of mitochondria, maintenance of mitochondrial transmembrane potential, fragmentation of mitochondria and mitochondrial dysfunction, amyloidosis, and neuronal cell death were identified as significant to the changes seen. These genes include TP53, SOD2, CDKN2A, MFN2, DNM1L, OPA1, FIS1, BNIP3, and GAPDH. Conclusion: Altered mitochondrial gene expression indicates that a subset of nuclear-encoded mitochondrial genes compromise multiple aspects of mitochondrial function in AD brains. A new mathematical modeling system may provide further insights into potential therapeutic targets.