bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Global MHD simulations of the Response of Jupiter's Magnetosphere and Ionosphere to Changes in the Solar Wind and IMF
Authors: Sarkango Yash , Jia Xianzhe , Toth Gabor
Published: July 2019

We have developed a new global magnetohydrodynamic (MHD) model for Jupiter's magnetosphere based on the BATSRUS code and an ionospheric electrodynamics solver. Our model includes the Io plasma torus at its appropriate location and couples the global magnetosphere with the planetary ionosphere through field‐aligned currents. Through comparisons with available particle and field observations as well as empirical models, we show that the model captures the overall configuration of the magnetosphere reasonably well. In order to understand how the magnetosphere responds to different solar wind drivers, we have carried out time‐dependent simulations using various kinds of upstream conditions, such as a forward shock and a rotation in the interplanetary magnetic field (IMF). Our model predicts that compression of the magnetosphere by a forward shock of typical strength generally weakens the corotation enforcement currents on the dayside and produces an enhancement on the nightside. However, the global response varies depending on the IMF orientation. A forward shock with a typical Parker‐spiral IMF configuration has a larger impact on the magnetospheric configuration and large‐scale current systems than with a parallel IMF configuration. Plasmoids are found to form in the simulation due to tail reconnection and have complex magnetic topology, as they evolve and propagate down tail. For a fixed mass input rate in the Io plasma torus, the frequency of plasmoid occurrence in our simulation is found to vary depending on the upstream solar wind driving.
C-type natriuretic peptide attenuates renal osteodystrophy through inhibition of FGF-23/MAPK signaling
Authors: Zhang Dong Dong , Wu Yang Fang , Chen Wei Xia , Xu Yao , Liu Si Yan , Luo Huang Huang , Jiang Guang Mei , Wu Yue , Hu Peng
Published: July 2019

Renal osteodystrophy (ROD) occurs as early as chronic kidney disease (CKD) stage 2 and seems ubiquitous in almost all pediatric patients with CKD stage 5. Fibroblast growth factor (FGF)-23, a bone-derived endocrine regulator of phosphate homeostasis, is overexpressed in CKD and disturbs osteoblast differentiation and matrix mineralization. In contrast, C-type natriuretic peptide (CNP) acts as a potent positive regulator of bone growth. In the present study, we infused CNP into uremic rats and observed whether CNP could attenuate ROD through the inhibition of FGF-23 cascades. In uremic rats, CNP administration significantly alleviated renal dysfunction, calcium phosphate metabolic disorders, hypovitaminosis D, secondary hyperparathyroidism, the decrease in bone turnover markers and retarded bone pathological progression. More importantly, within FGF-23/mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) signaling, the fibroblast growth factor receptor-1, Klotho and alternative (STAT-1/phospho-STAT-1) elements were upregulated by CNP, whereas FGF-23, RAF-1/phospho-RAF-1, and downstream (ERK/phospho-ERK and P38/phospho-P38) elements were paradoxically underexpressed in bone tissue. Therefore, CNP exerts a therapeutic effect on ROD through inhibition of FGF-23/MAPK signaling at the RAF-1 level.
Activating an anterior nucleus gigantocellularis subpopulation triggers emergence from pharmacologically-induced coma in rodents
Authors: Gao S. , Proekt A. , Renier N. , Calderon D. P. , Pfaff D. W.
Published: July 2019

Multiple areas within the reticular activating system (RAS) can hasten awakening from sleep or light planes of anesthesia. However, stimulation in individual sites has shown limited recovery from deep global suppression of brain activity, such as coma. Here we identify a subset of RAS neurons within the anterior portion of nucleus gigantocellularis (aNGC) capable of producing a high degree of awakening represented by a broad high frequency cortical reactivation associated with organized movements and behavioral reactivity to the environment from two different models of deep pharmacologically-induced coma (PIC): isoflurane (1.25%–1.5%) and induced hypoglycemic coma. Activating aNGC neurons triggered awakening by recruiting cholinergic, noradrenergic, and glutamatergic arousal pathways. In summary, we identify an evolutionarily conserved population of RAS neurons, which broadly restore cerebral cortical activation and motor behavior in rodents through the coordinated activation of multiple arousal-promoting circuits.
Dietary fatty acids promote lipid droplet diversity through seipin enrichment in an ER subdomain
Authors: Cao Zhe , Hao Yan , Fung Chun Wing , Lee Yiu Yiu , Wang Pengfei , Li Xuesong , Xie Kang , Lam Wen Jiun , Qiu Yifei , Tang Ben Zhong , Shui Guanghou , Liu Pingsheng , Qu Jianan , Kang Byung-Ho , Mak Ho Yi
Published: July 2019

Exogenous metabolites from microbial and dietary origins have profound effects on host metabolism. Here, we report that a sub-population of lipid droplets (LDs), which are conserved organelles for fat storage, is defined by metabolite-modulated targeting of the C. elegans seipin ortholog, SEIP-1. Loss of SEIP-1 function reduces the size of a subset of LDs while over-expression of SEIP-1 has the opposite effect. Ultrastructural analysis reveals SEIP-1 enrichment in an endoplasmic reticulum (ER) subdomain, which co-purifies with LDs. Analyses of C. elegans and bacterial genetic mutants indicate a requirement of polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) and microbial cyclopropane fatty acids (CFAs) for SEIP-1 enrichment, as confirmed by dietary supplementation experiments. In mammalian cells, heterologously expressed SEIP-1 engages nascent lipid droplets and promotes their subsequent expansion in a conserved manner. Our results suggest that microbial and polyunsaturated fatty acids serve unexpected roles in regulating cellular fat storage by promoting LD diversity.
Electroencephalography reflects the activity of sub-cortical brain regions during approach-withdrawal behaviour while listening to music
Authors: Daly Ian , Williams Duncan , Hwang Faustina , Kirke Alexis , Miranda Eduardo R. , Nasuto Slawomir J.
Published: July 2019

The ability of music to evoke activity changes in the core brain structures that underlie the experience of emotion suggests that it has the potential to be used in therapies for emotion disorders. A large volume of research has identified a network of sub-cortical brain regions underlying music-induced emotions. Additionally, separate evidence from electroencephalography (EEG) studies suggests that prefrontal asymmetry in the EEG reflects the approach-withdrawal response to music-induced emotion. However, fMRI and EEG measure quite different brain processes and we do not have a detailed understanding of the functional relationships between them in relation to music-induced emotion. We employ a joint EEG – fMRI paradigm to explore how EEG-based neural correlates of the approach-withdrawal response to music reflect activity changes in the sub-cortical emotional response network. The neural correlates examined are asymmetry in the prefrontal EEG, and the degree of disorder in that asymmetry over time, as measured by entropy. Participants’ EEG and fMRI were recorded simultaneously while the participants listened to music that had been specifically generated to target the elicitation of a wide range of affective states. While listening to this music, participants also continuously reported their felt affective states. Here we report on co-variations in the dynamics of these self-reports, the EEG, and the sub-cortical brain activity. We find that a set of sub-cortical brain regions in the emotional response network exhibits activity that significantly relates to prefrontal EEG asymmetry. Specifically, EEG in the pre-frontal cortex reflects not only cortical activity, but also changes in activity in the amygdala, posterior temporal cortex, and cerebellum. We also find that, while the magnitude of the asymmetry reflects activity in parts of the limbic and paralimbic systems, the entropy of that asymmetry reflects activity in parts of the autonomic response network such as the auditory cortex. This suggests that asymmetry magnitude reflects affective responses to music, while asymmetry entropy reflects autonomic responses to music. Thus, we demonstrate that it is possible to infer activity in the limbic and paralimbic systems from pre-frontal EEG asymmetry. These results show how EEG can be used to measure and monitor changes in the limbic and paralimbic systems. Specifically, they suggest that EEG asymmetry acts as an indicator of sub-cortical changes in activity induced by music. This shows that EEG may be used as a measure of the effectiveness of music therapy to evoke changes in activity in the sub-cortical emotion response network. This is also the first time that the activity of sub-cortical regions, normally considered “invisible” to EEG, has been shown to be characterisable directly from EEG dynamics measured during music listening.
Boundary effects of expectation in human pain perception
Authors: Hird E. J. , Charalambous C. , El-Deredy W. , Jones A. K. P. , Talmi D.
Published: July 2019

Perception of sensory stimulation is influenced by numerous psychological variables. One example is placebo analgesia, where expecting low pain causes a painful stimulus to feel less painful. Yet, because pain evolved to signal threats to survival, it should be maladaptive for highly-erroneous expectations to yield unrealistic pain experiences. Therefore, we hypothesised that a cue followed by a highly discrepant stimulus intensity, which generates a large prediction error, will have a weaker influence on the perception of that stimulus. To test this hypothesis we collected two independent pain-cueing datasets. The second dataset and the analysis plan were preregistered (https://osf.io/5r6z7/). Regression modelling revealed that reported pain intensities were best explained by a quartic polynomial model of the prediction error. The results indicated that the influence of cues on perceived pain decreased when stimulus intensity was very different from expectations, suggesting that prediction error size has an immediate functional role in pain perception.
Genome-wide Association Study of Change in Fasting Glucose over time in 13,807 non-diabetic European Ancestry Individuals
Authors: Liu Ching-Ti , Merino Jordi , Rybin Denis , DiCorpo Daniel , Benke Kelly S. , Bragg-Gresham Jennifer L. , Canouil Mickaël , Corre Tanguy , Grallert Harald , Isaacs Aaron , Kutalik Zoltan , Lahti Jari , Marullo Letizia , Marzi Carola , Rasmussen-Torvik Laura J. , Rocheleau Ghislain , Rueedi Rico , Scapoli Chiara , Verweij Niek , Vogelzangs Nicole , Willems Sara M. , Yengo Loïc , Bakker Stephan J. L. , Beilby John , Hui Jennie , Kajantie Eero , Müller-Nurasyid Martina , Rathmann Wolfgang , Balkau Beverley , Bergmann Sven , Eriksson Johan G. , Florez Jose C. , Froguel Philippe , Harris Tamara , Hung Joseph , James Alan L. , Kavousi Maryam , Miljkovic Iva , Musk Arthur W. , Palmer Lyle J. , Peters Annette , Roussel Ronan , van der harst Pim , van Duijn Cornelia M. , Vollenweider Peter , Barroso Inês , Prokopenko Inga , Dupuis Josée , Meigs James B. , Bouatia-Naji Nabila
Published: July 2019

Type 2 diabetes (T2D) affects the health of millions of people worldwide. The identification of genetic determinants associated with changes in glycemia over time might illuminate biological features that precede the development of T2D. Here we conducted a genome-wide association study of longitudinal fasting glucose changes in up to 13,807 non-diabetic individuals of European descent from nine cohorts. Fasting glucose change over time was defined as the slope of the line defined by multiple fasting glucose measurements obtained over up to 14 years of observation. We tested for associations of genetic variants with inverse-normal transformed fasting glucose change over time adjusting for age at baseline, sex, and principal components of genetic variation. We found no genome-wide significant association (P < 5 × 10−8) with fasting glucose change over time. Seven loci previously associated with T2D, fasting glucose or HbA1c were nominally (P < 0.05) associated with fasting glucose change over time. Limited power influences unambiguous interpretation, but these data suggest that genetic effects on fasting glucose change over time are likely to be small. A public version of the data provides a genomic resource to combine with future studies to evaluate shared genetic links with T2D and other metabolic risk traits.
Pharmacologic treatment with CPI-613 and PS48 decreases mitochondrial membrane potential and increases quantity of autolysosomes in porcine fibroblasts
Authors: Mordhorst Bethany R. , Kerns Karl C. , Schauflinger Martin , Zigo Michal , Murphy Stephanie L. , Ross Renee M. , Wells Kevin D. , Green Jonathan A. , Sutovsky Peter , Prather Randall S.
Published: July 2019

A metabolic phenomenon known as the Warburg effect has been characterized in certain cancerous cells, embryonic stem cells, and other rapidly proliferative cell types. Previously, our attempts to induce a Warburg-like state pharmaceutically via CPI-613 and PS48 treatment did augment metabolite production and gene expression; however, this treatment demonstrated a Reverse Warburg effect phenotype observed in cancer-associated stroma. In the current study, we inquired whether the mitochondria were affected by the aforementioned pharmaceutical treatment as observed in cancerous stromal fibroblasts. While the pharmaceutical agents decreased mitochondrial membrane potential in porcine fetal fibroblasts, the number and size of mitochondria were similar, as was the overall cell size. Moreover, the fibroblasts that were treated with CPI-613 and PS48 for a week had increased numbers of large autolysosome vesicles. This coincided with increased intensity of LysoTracker staining in treated cells as observed by flow cytometry. Treated fibroblasts thus may utilize changes in metabolism and autophagy to mitigate the damage of treatment with pharmaceutical agents. These findings shed light on how these pharmaceutical agents interact and how treated cells augment metabolism to sustain viability.
Oviductal extracellular vesicles interact with the spermatozoon’s head and mid-piece and improves its motility and fertilizing ability in the domestic cat
Authors: Ferraz M. de A. M. M. , Carothers A. , Dahal R. , Noonan M. J. , Songsasen N.
Published: July 2019

Fertilization and early embryo development are regulated by a unique maternal-gamete/embryo cross-talk within the oviduct. Recent studies have shown that extracellular vesicles (EVs) within the oviduct play important roles in mediating this developmental process. Here, we examined the influence of oviductal EVs on sperm function in the domestic cat. We demonstrated that (1) EVs are enriched in proteins related to energy metabolism, membrane modification, and reproductive function; (2) EVs bound and fused with the membranes of the acrosome and mid piece; and (3) incubating sperm with EVs improved motility, fertilizing capacity of cat spermatozoa and prevented acrosomal exocytosisin vitro. These findings indicated that oviductal EVs mediate sperm function and fertilization in the cat and provides new insights to improve sperm cryopreservation andin vitrofertilization in the domestic and wild felids and human.
Automated high-throughput high-content autophagy and mitophagy analysis platform
Authors: Arias-Fuenzalida Jonathan , Jarazo Javier , Walter Jonas , Gomez-Giro Gemma , Forster Julia I. , Krueger Rejko , Antony Paul M. A. , Schwamborn Jens C.
Published: July 2019

Autophagic processes play a central role in cellular homeostasis. In pathological conditions, the flow of autophagy can be affected at multiple and distinct steps of the pathway. Current analyses tools do not deliver the required detail for dissecting pathway intermediates. The development of new tools to analyze autophagic processes qualitatively and quantitatively in a more straightforward manner is required. Defining all autophagy pathway intermediates in a high-throughput manner is technologically challenging and has not been addressed yet. Here, we overcome those requirements and limitations by the developed of stable autophagy and mitophagy reporter-iPSC and the establishment of a novel high-throughput phenotyping platform utilizing automated high-content image analysis to assess autophagy and mitophagy pathway intermediates.
The Interplay between Incipient Species and Social Polymorphism in the Desert Ant Cataglyphis
Authors: Reiner Brodetzki Tali , Inbar Shani , Cohen Pnina , Aron Serge , Privman Eyal , Hefetz Abraham
Published: July 2019

In social insects, due to considerable polyphenism as well as high level of hybridization, the delimitation of species can be challenging. The genus Cataglyphis presents a high level of diversification, making it an excellent model with which to study evolutionary paths. Israel appears to be a “hot spot” for recent speciation in this genus. Although previous studies have described multiple species of Cataglyphis in Israel, a recent genetic study has questioned the existence of some of these historically described species. The present study focuses on an apparent species complex, the C. niger species complex which includes C. niger, C. savigyi, and C. drusus that are distinguishable by their mitochondrial DNA (and therefore named mitotypes) but not by their nuclear DNA. Using a multi-method approach (genetics, chemistry and behavior), we show that these mitotypes also differ in their social structures and are readily distinguishable by their cuticular hydrocarbons profiles. While most populations of the different mitotypes are allopatric, at our study site they are sympatric, but nonetheless maintain the observed differences between them. This raises the evolutionary question: Are these incipient species that have diverged with gene flow, or is this a case of social and chemical polymorphism that is maintained within a single species? Unveiling the interplay between social polyphenism and species segregation is at the core of evolutionary biology.
PSD-95 deficiency disrupts PFC-associated function and behavior during neurodevelopment
Authors: Coley Austin A. , Gao Wen-Jun
Published: July 2019

Postsynaptic density protein-95 (PSD-95) is a major regulator in the maturation of excitatory synapses by interacting and trafficking N-methyl-D-aspartic acid receptors (NMDAR) and α-amino-3-hydroxy-5-methyl-4-isox-azoleproprionic acid receptors (AMPAR) to the postsynaptic membrane. PSD-95 disruption has recently been associated with neuropsychiatric disorders such as schizophrenia and autism. However, the effects of PSD-95 deficiency on the prefrontal cortex (PFC)-associated functions, including cognition, working memory, and sociability, has yet to be investigated. Using a PSD-95 knockout mouse model (PSD-95−/−), we examined how PSD-95 deficiency affects NMDAR and AMPAR expression and function in the medial prefrontal cortex (mPFC) during juvenile and adolescent periods of development. We found significant increases in total protein levels of NMDAR subunits GluN1, and GluN2B, accompanied by decreases in AMPAR subunit GluA1 during adolescence. Correspondingly, there is a significant increase in NMDAR/AMPAR-mediated current amplitude ratio that progresses from juvenile-to-adolescence. Behaviorally, PSD-95−/− mice exhibit a lack of sociability, as well as learning and working memory deficits. Together, our data indicate that PSD-95 deficiency disrupts mPFC synaptic function and related behavior at a critical age of development. This study highlights the importance of PSD-95 during neurodevelopment in the mPFC and its potential link in the pathogenesis associated with schizophrenia and/or autism.
Uridine as a protector against hypoxia-induced lung injury
Authors: Rozova Ekaterina V. , Mankovskaya Irina N. , Belosludtseva Natalia V. , Khmil Natalya V. , Mironova Galina D.
Published: July 2019

The effect of the activation of the mitochondrial ATP-dependent potassium channel (mitoKATP) on the ultrastructure of rat lung in acute hypoxic hypoxia (7% of oxygen in nitrogen, exposure 30 min) was studied. It was shown that uridine, a precursor of the mitoKATP activator UDP, exerted a protective effect against hypoxic damage to the lung. The administration of uridine to animals prior to hypoxia decreased the number of mitochondria with altered ultrastructure and prevented the hypoxia-induced mitochondrial swelling. Uridine also protected the epithelial, interstitial and endothelial layers of the air–blood barrier from the hypoxia-induced hyperhydration. The protective action of uridine against hypoxia-induced lung injury was eliminated by the selective blocker of mitoKATP 5-hydroxydecanoate. These data suggest that one of the mechanisms of the positive effect of uridine is related to the activation of the mitoKATP channel, which, according to the literature and our data, is involved in the protection of tissues from hypoxia and leads to adaptation to it. A possible role of uridine in the maintenance of the mitochondrial structure upon hypoxia-induced lung injury and the optimization of oxygen supply of the organism is discussed.
Sulfuric acid decomposition chemistry above Junge layer in Earth's atmosphere concerning ozone depletion and healing
Authors: Hazra Montu K. , Ghoshal Sourav , Mahata Prabhash , Maiti Biswajit
Published: July 2019

Sulfuric acid (H2SO4) is the seed molecule for formation of stratospheric sulfate aerosol layer that assists ozone depletion by activation of halogen species. The impact of increased stratospheric sulfate aerosols due to large volcanic eruptions and possible side effect claimed in the geoengineering scheme of global climate using man-made injected stratospheric sulfate aerosols is ozone depletion. Given that both volcanic eruptions and geoengineering scheme are ultimately connected with increased upper stratospheric concentrations of H2SO4, here we show by theoretical approach that the pressure-independent H2SO4 + O(1D) insertion/addition reactions via barrierless formation of peroxysulfuric acid (H2SO5) or HSO4 + OH radicals or sulfur trioxide (SO3) + hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) molecules are the potential routes towards H2SO4 loss above the stratospheric sulfate aerosol layer, and for the regeneration or transportation of consumed lower-middle stratospheric OH radical in the upper stratosphere at the cost of O(1D)/ozone.
Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug metabolism studies in horses in view of doping control: analytical strategies and challenges
Authors: Waraksa Emilia , Filipiak Wojciech , Kłodzińska Ewa , Ozimek Mariusz , Konop Marek , Namieśnik Jacek
Published: July 2019

Continuous research on metabolomics is of utmost importance in the field of anti-doping control, including updating the selection of the most appropriate markers of prohibited substances, test specimens and analytical strategies.
Synthesis of urchin-like Ni3Si2O5(OH)4 hierarchical hollow spheres/GO composite with enhanced electrochemical properties for high-performance hybrid supercapacitors
Authors: Dong Xueying , Zhang Yifu , Wang Qiushi , Zhang Xiaorong , Gao Meng , Changgong Meng
Published: July 2019

Urchin-like Ni3Si2O5(OH)4 hierarchical hollow sphere/GO composites were synthesized, which showed an enhanced electrochemical performance of 165 F g−1 at 0.5 A g−1 and 84% capacity retention after 5000 cycles.
S-Petasin isolated from Petasites japonicus exerts anti-adipogenic activity in the 3T3-L1 cell line by inhibiting PPAR-γ pathway signaling
Authors: Guo Lu , Li Ke , Cui Zheng Wei , Kang Jum Soon , Son Beung Gu , Choi Young Whan
Published: July 2019

S-Petasin from Petasites japonicus exerts anti-adipogenic activity in 3T3-L1 cells through inhibition of the expression of PPAR-γ.
Ergostatrien-7,9(11),22-trien-3β-ol fromAntrodia camphorataameliorates ischemic stroke brain injuryviadownregulation of p65NF-κ-B and caspase 3, and activation of Akt/GSK3/catenin-associated neurogenesis
Authors: Wang Yea-Hwey , Chern Chang-Ming , Liou Kuo-Tong , Kuo Yueh-Hsiung , Shen Yuh-Chiang
Published: July 2019

Neurogenesis promoting signaling by EtOAc-AC and EK100.
Non-ohmic behavior and resistive switching of Au cluster-assembled films beyond the percolation threshold
Authors: Mirigliano M. , Borghi F. , Podestà A. , Antidormi A. , Colombo L. , Milani P.
Published: July 2019

Networks based on nanoscale resistive switching junctions are considered promising for the fabrication of neuromorphic computing architectures.
Hierarchical “tube-on-fiber” carbon/mixed-metal selenide nanostructures for high-performance hybrid supercapacitors
Authors: Lv Li-Ping , Zhi Chuanwei , Gao Yun , Yin Xiaojie , Hu Yiyang , Crespy Daniel , Wang Yong
Published: July 2019

Hierarchical “tube-on-fiber” carbon/mixed-metal selenide nanostructures (Co–Zn–Se@CNTs–CNFs) are constructed and exhibit high performance for hybrid supercapacitors.
Dose-dependent effect of proton irradiation on electrical properties of WSe2 ambipolar field effect transistors
Authors: Shin Jiwon , Cho Kyungjune , Kim Tae-Young , Pak Jinsu , Kim Jae-Keun , Lee Woocheol , Kim Jaeyoung , Chung Seungjun , Hong Woong-Ki , Lee Takhee
Published: July 2019

We investigated the effect of proton beam irradiation on WSe2 ambipolar field effect transistors with various beam dose conditions.
Particle size-control enables extraordinary activity of ruthenium nanoparticles/multiwalled carbon nanotube catalysts towards the oxygen reduction reaction
Authors: Liu Chang , Bai Gailing , Jiao Zhifeng , Lv Baoying , Wang Yunwei , Tong Xili , Yang Nianjun
Published: July 2019

Catalysts with optimal size for the oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) play a vital important role in fuel cells and metal–air batteries.
Synthesis of α,β-alkynyl ketonesviathe nickel catalysed carbonylative Sonogashira reaction using oxalic acid as a sustainable C1 source
Authors: Shaifali Shaifali , Ram Shankar , Thakur Vandna , Das Pralay
Published: July 2019

CO gas free nickel catalysed carbonylative Sonogashira coupling of aryl iodides and phenylacetylenes using oxalic acid as the CO source.
Retracted Article: Gemcitabine aggravates miR-199a-5p-mediated breast cancer cell apoptosis by promoting VEGFA downregulation via inactivating the AKT signaling pathway
Authors: Deng Dingmei , Ye Xian , Wang Xiyue , He Guangning
Published: July 2019

Breast cancer is the most frequent malignancy diagnosed in women, and Gemcitabine-based therapy is frequently used to treat late-stage breast cancer.
Study on the hypnotic effect of rare protopanaxadiol-type and protopanaxatriol-type ginsenosides
Authors: Mou Ning , Duan Zhiguang , Ma Pei , Fu Rongzhan , Fan Daidi
Published: July 2019

Ginsenosides, as major active components of ginseng, possess various pharmacological activities, including anti-tumor, anti-diabetic and hypotensive effects.
Regioselective microwave synthesis and derivatization of 1,5-diaryl-3-amino-1,2,4-triazoles and a study of their cholinesterase inhibition properties
Authors: Santos Sabrina Neves , Alves de Souza Gabriela , Pereira Thiago Moreira , Franco Daiana Portella , de Nigris Del Cistia Catarina , Sant'Anna Carlos Mauricio R. , Lacerda Renata Barbosa , Kümmerle Arthur Eugen
Published: July 2019

Regioselective microwave synthesis of N-protected and N-deprotected 1,5-diaryl-3-amino-1,2,4-triazoles in up to 1 h. Derivatizations furnish new scaffolds for cholinesterase mixed-type inhibition.
Expanding the mass range for UVPD-based native top-down mass spectrometry
Authors: Greisch Jean-François , Tamara Sem , Scheltema Richard A. , Maxwell Howard W. R. , Fagerlund Robert D. , Fineran Peter C. , Tetter Stephan , Hilvert Donald , Heck Albert J. R.
Published: July 2019

Native top-down proteomics using UVPD extended to mega Dalton protein assemblies.
An amorphous Zn–P/graphite composite with chemical bonding for ultra-reversible lithium storage
Authors: Li Wenwu , Yu Jiale , Wen Jiajun , Liao Jun , Ye Ziyao , Zhao Bote , Li Xinwei , Zhang Haiyan , Liu Meilin , Guo Zaiping
Published: July 2019

An amorphous ZnP2/C composite with P–C bonds achieves ultralong cycling stability and high rate performance.
Water oxidation catalysis on reconstructed NaTaO3 (001) surfaces
Authors: Ouhbi Hassan , Aschauer Ulrich
Published: July 2019

Surface reconstruction of polar NaTaO3 (001) surfaces is shown to strongly affect reaction pathways and catalytic activities.
Tin nanoparticles embedded in a carbon buffer layer as preferential nucleation sites for stable sodium metal anodes
Authors: Wang Huan , Matios Edward , Wang Chuanlong , Luo Jianmin , Lu Xuan , Hu Xiaofei , Zhang Yiwen , Li Weiyang
Published: July 2019

High-capacity sodium anodes with long-term reversibility and stability are presented by synthesizing tin nanoparticles homogeneously embedded within a conductive carbon network.
Boosting the initial coulombic efficiency in silicon anodes through interfacial incorporation of metal nanocrystals
Authors: Zhang Fangzhou , Zhu Guanjia , Wang Kai , Qian Xiaoyong , Zhao Yuye , Luo Wei , Yang Jianping
Published: July 2019

A novel satellite-like structure of metal nanocrystals decorated on silicon@carbon core–shell nanoparticles achieves boosting of the initial coulombic efficiency.
Semi-empirical model atmospheres for the chromosphere of the sunspot penumbra and umbral flashes
Authors: Bose Souvik , Henriques Vasco M. J. , van der Voort Luc Rouppe , Pereira Tiago M. D.
Published: July 2019

Context. The solar chromosphere and the lower transition region are believed to play a crucial role in the heating of the solar corona. Models that describe the chromosphere (and the lower transition region), accounting for its highly dynamic and structured character are, so far, found to be lacking. This is partly due to the breakdown of complete frequency redistribution (CRD) in the chromospheric layers and also because of the difficulty in obtaining complete sets of observations that adequately constrain the solar atmosphere at all relevant heights.

Aims. We aim to obtain semi-empirical model atmospheres that reproduce the features of the Mg II h&k line profiles that sample the middle chromosphere with focus on a sunspot.

Methods. We used spectropolarimetric observations of the Ca II 8542 Å spectra obtained with the Swedish 1 m Solar Telescope and used NICOLE inversions to obtain semi-empirical model atmospheres for different features in and around a sunspot. These were used to synthesize Mg II h&k spectra using the RH1.5D code, which we compared with observations taken with the Interface Region Imaging Spectrograph (IRIS).

Results. Comparison of the synthetic profiles with IRIS observations reveals that there are several areas, especially in the penumbra of the sunspot, where most of the observed Mg II h&k profiles are very well reproduced. In addition, we find that supersonic hot down-flows, present in our collection of models in the umbra, lead to synthetic profiles that agree well with the IRIS Mg II h&k profiles, with the exception of the line core.

Conclusions. We put forward and make available four semi-empirical model atmospheres. Two for the penumbra, reflecting the range of temperatures obtained for the chromosphere, one for umbral flashes, and a model representative of the quiet surroundings of a sunspot.
A multi-molecular line study of the star-forming globule CB88-230
Authors: Brand J. , Wouterloot J. G. A. , Codella C. , Massi F. , Giannetti A.
Published: July 2019

Context. This paper relates to low-mass star formation in globules, and the interaction of newly-formed stars with their environment. We follow up on the results of our earlier observations of this globule.

Aims. Our aim is to study the gas- and dust environment of the young stellar object (YSO) in globule CB88 230, the large-scale molecular outflow triggered by the jet driven by the YSO, and their interaction.

Methods. We carried out submillimetre continuum and multi-line molecular observations with several single-dish facilities, mapping the core of the globule and the large-scale outflow associated with the YSO.

Results. Dust continuum and molecular line maps (of 12CO, C18O, CS, CH3OH) show a flattened (axes ratio 1.5−1.7), asymmetric core with a full width at half maximum (FWHM)-diameter of 0.16−0.21 pc. Line profiles of 12CO, 13CO(2–1, 3–2), and CS(2–1) show self-absorption near the YSO; the absorption dip is at a slightly (~0.3 km s−1) redder velocity than that of the quiescent gas, possibly indicating infall of cooler envelope gas. The mass of the core, determined from C18O(1–0) observations, is about 8 M⊙, while the virial mass is in the range 5−8M⊙, depending on the assumed density distribution. We detect a slight velocity gradient (~0.98 km s−1 pc−1), though rotational energy is negligible with respect to gravitational and turbulent energy of the core. A fit to the spectral energy distribution of the core gives a dust temperature Td ≈ 18 K and a gas mass of ca. 2 M⊙ (assuming a gas-to-dust ratio of 100). More careful modelling of the sub-mm emission (not dominated by the relatively hot central regions) yields M ≈ 8M⊙. From the molecular line observations we derive gas temperatures of 10−20 K. A Bayesian analysis of the emission of selected molecules observed towards the YSO, yields Tkin ≈ 21.4 K (68% credibility interval 14.5−35.5 K) and volume density n(H2) ≈ 4.6 × 105 cm−3 (8.3 × 104−9.1 × 105 cm−3). We have mapped the well-collimated large-scale outflow in 12CO(3–2). The outflow has a dynamical age of a few 104 yr, and contains little mass (a few 10−2 M⊙). A misalignment between the axis of this large-scale outflow and that of the hot jet close to the YSO indicates that the outflow direction may be changing with time.
High-order regularised symplectic integrator for collisional planetary systems
Authors: Petit Antoine C. , Laskar Jacques , Boué Gwenaël , Gastineau Mickaël
Published: July 2019

We present a new mixed variable symplectic (MVS) integrator for planetary systems that fully resolves close encounters. The method is based on a time regularisation that allows keeping the stability properties of the symplectic integrators while also reducing the effective step size when two planets encounter. We used a high-order MVS scheme so that it was possible to integrate with large time-steps far away from close encounters. We show that this algorithm is able to resolve almost exact collisions (i.e. with a mutual separation of a fraction of the physical radius) while using the same time-step as in a weakly perturbed problem such as the solar system. We demonstrate the long-term behaviour in systems of six super-Earths that experience strong scattering for 50 kyr. We compare our algorithm to hybrid methods such as MERCURY and show that for an equivalent cost, we obtain better energy conservation.
„Mander‘sisch Zeit!“ die Physikalische & Rehabilitationsmedizin an medizinischen Universitäten im deutschsprachigen Raum auszubauen
Authors: Ebenbichler Gerold
Published: July 2019

Ein medizinisches Sonderfach zeichnet sich durch 1) den Bedarf, 2) die wissenschaftliche Basis als Grundlage für evidenzbasierte Entscheidungen und 3) die medizinische Exzellenz der im Sonderfach tätigen Ärztinnen und Ärzte aus. Dies trifft im Besonderen für das medizinische Sonderfach „physikalische Medizin und (allgemeine) Rehabilitation (PM&R)“, international „physikalische und Rehabilitationsmedizin (P&RM)“ benannt, zu. Im WHO “World Report on Disability” werden FachärztInnen, welche die Herstellung und Erhaltung der optimalen funktionalen Gesundheit Erkrankter mit Behinderung eines jeden Lebensalters zum Ziel haben als Physiater, Rehabilitationsärzte oder P&RM Spezialisten bezeichnet 1.
Möglichkeiten und Grenzen der Arthroskopie am oberen Sprunggelenk
Authors: Winkelmann Marcel , Gaulke Ralph
Published: July 2019

Die Arthroskopie am oberen Sprunggelenk ist heute ein Standardverfahren der operativen Orthopädie. Die Operation ist risikoarm und mit hohem Patientenkomfort möglich. Einige Operationen können auch ambulant durchgeführt werden. Die Bandbreite potenzieller Indikationen wächst dabei stetig. So ist die Arthroskopie mittlerweile das Standardverfahren zur Behandlung weichteiliger und knöcherner Impingement-Syndrome. Auch osteochondrale Läsionen können häufig arthroskopisch bzw. arthroskopisch assistiert behandelt werden. Früh- oder Spätsynovialektomien bei entzündlich rheumatischen Arthritiden werden ebenso arthroskopisch durchgeführt wie die Akutbehandlung septischer Arthritiden. Daneben können arthroskopische Verfahren heute in bestimmten Grenzen bei gewissenhafter Indikationsstellung selbst bei manifester Arthrose erfolgreich angewandt werden.
Operative Rheumatologie des Vorfußes – ein Trend zu gelenkerhaltenden Eingriffen?
Authors: Arnold Ingo
Published: July 2019

Ein einheitliches, standardisiertes Operationsverfahren existiert aufgrund der Vielfalt der Ausprägungen der rheumatischen Vor- und Rückfußdeformitäten in Zusammenhang mit den unterschiedlichen Funktionsansprüchen und des subjektiven Schmerzempfindens von RA-Patienten nicht [1]. Unter einer frühen und aggressiven Therapie der RA zeigen die Patienten mildere Formen von Fußdeformitäten. Diese sind vergleichbar mit den Deformitäten von Patienten, die nicht an einer chronisch entzündlichen Gelenkerkrankung leiden. Neben geringeren Fehlstellungen und weniger ausgeprägten Synovialitiden sind auch polyartikuläre Deformitäten oder begleitende Weichteilentzündungen (Bursitiden oder Tenosynovialitiden) seltener zu beobachten. In solchen Fällen können zunehmend gelenkerhaltende korrigierende Operationsverfahren angewendet werden. Bei dem Vollbild eines erosiven rheumatischen Vorfußes mit Spreizfuß, Hallux valgus, multiplen plantaren Bursitiden, Clavi- sowie Klauenzehen kommt neben der Stabilisierung des 1. Strahles bzw. der medialen Säule (MTP-I-Fusion, modif. Lapidus-Op) nur die Resektionsarthroplastik infrage mit Entfernung der Metatarsalia-Köpfchen. Diese weisen in fortgeschrittenen Fällen oft rheumatische Destruktionen auf und eine korrigierende Osteotomie wäre nur mit einem hohem Risiko persistierender Beschwerden durchzuführen.
Hallux valgus
Authors: Heinze Annette
Published: July 2019

Aufgrund der hohen Prävalenz und der vielschichtigen Ätiologie ist der Hallux valgus ein vieldiskutiertes Thema mit vielen verschiedenen Therapieoptionen. Ziel sowohl operativer als auch konservativer Therapien ist die schmerzfreie Mobilität des Patienten, um eine Verbesserung der Lebensqualität zu erreichen. Eine gute Kommunikation zwischen orthopädietechnischer und ärztlicher Betreuung ist eine Grundvoraussetzung sowohl für die konservative Therapie als auch für die postoperative Nachbehandlung. Bei symptomatischem Hallux valgus ist eine Progression der Fehlstellung ohne operative Intervention zu erwarten. Die konservative Therapie bietet keine ursachenorientierte Therapie, es kann jedoch eine Beschwerdebesserung erreicht werden.
Der Einfluss von Religiosität auf die Einstellung gegenüber Aggression und auf aggressives Verhalten von forensisch-psychiatrischen Patienten
Authors: Franke Irina , Döringer Sabine , Streb Judith , Nigel Stefanie , Klein Verena , Huber Stefan , Pollatos Olga , Dudeck Manuela
Published: July 2019

Ziel der Studie Gemäß Studienlage kann sich Religiosität günstig auf das Delinquenzrisiko in der Allgemeinbevölkerung auswirken. Die vorliegende Arbeit untersucht, ob sich ein solcher Zusammenhang auch in einer forensisch-psychiatrischen Stichprobe abbildet. Zudem wird die Selbsteinschätzung hinsichtlich Aggressionsneigung mit Vorstrafen wegen Aggressionsdelikten verglichen.

Methodik Es wurden 84 Patientinnen und Patienten befragt, die gemäß § 64 StGB in deutschen Maßregelvollzugskliniken untergebracht waren. Religiosität und Einstellung gegenüber aggressivem Verhalten wurden mittels Selbstbeurteilungsfragebögen erfasst. Die Bundeszentralregistereinträge der Studienteilnehmer wurden auf Gewaltdelikte überprüft.

Ergebnisse In der Stichprobe der männlichen Patienten korrelierte Religiosität negativ mit der Einstellung gegenüber appetitiver Aggression, aber nicht mit dem tatsächlichen Verhalten. In der Frauenstichprobe fanden sich keine signifikanten Zusammenhänge mit Religiosität.

Schlussfolgerung Die Ergebnisse zeigten einen Geschlechterunterschied hinsichtlich der Korrelation von Religiosität und Einstellung gegenüber Aggression. Zudem fand sich in der untersuchten Stichprobe forensisch-psychiatrischer Patienten eine Diskrepanz zwischen Selbsteinschätzung und tatsächlichem Verhalten. Ursachen hierfür könnten kognitive Verzerrungen bzw. Defizite in der Selbsteinschätzungsfähigkeit sein oder auch Einschränkungen bei der vorausschauenden Handlungsplanung.
Behçet's Disease from Rheumatology and Neurology Perspectives with Special Reference to Children
Authors: Turgut Yaşar B. , Tosun Ayşe F. , Yüzbaşı Beste K. , Tunca Hasan
Published: July 2019

Behçet's disease (BD) is an idiopathic chronic relapsing multisystemic vascular inflammatory disease. Although it is generally seen in young adults with male predominance, the onset age of the disease is the pediatric age group in only 4 to 26% of all cases of BD. According to the International Study Group for Behçet's Disease Classification Criteria, a diagnosis of BD requires recurrent oral aphthous ulcerations with two of the following: genital ulcerations, skin lesions, eye lesions, or a positive pathergy test. In this article, we extensively reviewed the current literature with respect to the rheumatological and neurological findings of BD in childhood.
A strain-based antenna paves the way for portable long-range transmitters
Authors: Middleton Christine
Published: July 2019

The piezoelectric device improves on the efficiency limits of small, conventional metal antennas without sacrificing bandwidth.
Designing clusters for heterogeneous catalysis
Authors: Jimenez-Izal Elisa , Gates Bruce C. , Alexandrova Anastassia N.
Published: July 2019

Subnanometer metal clusters offer catalytic properties not possible on bulk or nanoparticle metals.
Virtual fence devices – a promising innovation: a response to Coulson and Bender (2019)
Authors: Fox Samantha , Potts Joanne
Published: July 2019

Coulson and Bender (2019) have provided a critique to our paper ‘Roadkill mitigation: trialing virtual fence devices on the west coast of Tasmania’ (Fox et al. 2019). Here, we clarify some ambiguous points that have confused Coulson and Bender and refute other claims. Although we presented results from a single study and a trial, we stand by our claim that these devices hold great promise and are worthy of further research.
Tracking the uptake of outcomes of hepatitis B virus testing using laboratory data in Victoria, 2011–16: a population-level cohort study
Authors: van Gemert Caroline , Dimech Wayne , Stoove Mark , Guy Rebecca , Howell Jess , Bowden Scott , Nicholson Suellen , Pendle Stella , Donovan Basil , Hellard Margaret , on behalf of the ACCESS collaboration
Published: July 2019

Background
A priority area in the 2016 Victorian Hepatitis B Strategy is to increase diagnostic testing. This study describes hepatitis B testing and positivity trends in Victoria between 2011 and 2016 using data from a national laboratory sentinel surveillance system. Methods: Line-listed diagnostic and monitoring hepatitis B testing data among Victorian individuals were collated from six laboratories participating in the Australian Collaboration for Coordinated Enhanced Sentinel Surveillance (ACCESS) of sexually transmissible infections and blood-borne viruses. Diagnostic tests included hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg)-only tests and guideline-based hepatitis B tests (defined as a single test event for HBsAg, hepatitis B surface antibody and hepatitis B core antibody). Using available data, the outcomes of testing and/or infection were further classified. Measures reported include the total number of HBsAg and guideline-based tests conducted and the proportion positive, classified as either HBsAg positive or chronic hepatitis B infection. Results: The number of HBsAg tests decreased slightly each year between 2011 and 2016 (from 91043 in 2011 to 79664 in 2016; P < 0.001), whereas the number of guideline-based hepatitis B tests increased (from 8732 in 2011 to 16085 in 2016; P <0.001). The proportion of individuals classified as having chronic infection decreased from 25% in 2011 to 7% in 2016, whereas the proportion classified as susceptible and immune due to vaccination increased (from 29% to 39%, and from 27% to 34%, respectively; P < 0.001). Conclusions: The study findings indicate an increased uptake of guideline-based hepatitis B testing. The ongoing collection of testing data can help monitor progress towards implementation of the Victorian Hepatitis B Strategy.
Join Al–steel dissimilar metal by novel high frequency electric cooperated arc welding
Authors: Ye Zheng , Huang Jihua , Cheng Zhi , Yang Jian , Chen Shuhai , Zhao Xingke
Published: July 2019

A novel high frequency electric cooperated arc welding method (HFAW) was developed to join aluminium and steel of 3.0 mm thickness without groove. Owing to the skin effect and proximity effect of high frequency current, a part of welding heat was directly distributed all over weld side wall. Consequently, sound double-sided weld formation was achieved under a low MIG heat input and high welding speed. The average thickness of interfacial layer was limited to 2.3 µm. Benefitted from the balanced heat input and thin interfacial layer, the failure mode of the HFAW joint was necking at Al base metal. For traditional MIG joint, however, poor back weld formation and thick interfacial layer resulted in spontaneous fracture at interface.
Hu Shi’s Model of Rhetorical Pragmatic Argumentation
Authors: Butterfield Rya
Published: July 2019

During China’s Republican Period, scholar and reformer Hu Shi advanced a rhetorical pragmatic project for democratic reform. In this essay, I argue that the dissertation Hu wrote under the advisement of John Dewey, “The Development of Logical Method in Ancient China,” was itself a groundbreaking piece of rhetorical invention that functioned as part of Hu’s project by reinterpreting ancient Chinese classics as the foundations for a model of rhetorical pragmatic argumentation.
Rhetorical Imitation and Civic Diversity
Authors: Terrill Robert E.
Published: July 2019

The value of imitatio as a pedagogical tactic in rhetorical education has been attested to for millennia. But within the context of a culture of diversity, imitation becomes potentially problematic. This essay describes two attitudes toward imitatio that may contribute to modifying the practice in ways that enable it to be recovered for use in contemporary classrooms. The first entails reimagining the relationships between students and their model texts as multivalent conversations rather than dyadic exchanges; the second entails challenging the hierarchies that are implied when students are expected to model their work on texts that are considered superior. These two attitudes encourage the integration of imitatio into a rhetorical education that is essential for the cultivation of a just and engaged twenty-first century citizenship.