bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Dual Camera Sequencer for Microsurgical Documentation
Authors: McCartney David L
Published: April 2021

ABSTRACT

All currently available documentary formats have inherent compromises. The use of both video and 35-mm still photography seems to be a practical solution but introduces image quality loss (when using a beam splitter type of dual camera adapter) or increased complexity of operation and resultant surgeon distraction (when using a movable mirror type of dual camera adapter). An electronic sequencer was designed to simplify the operation of a movable mirror type of dual camera adapter, permitting the efficient production of high image quality video recordings and 35-mm slides.
On the Practicalities of Eye Camp Cataract Extraction and Intraocular Lens Implantation in Nepal
Authors: Ruit Sanduk , Brian Garry , Hollows Fred
Published: April 2021

ABSTRACT

Based on our experience in Nepal, we discuss the practicalities of performing extracapsular cataract extraction (ECCE) with intraocular lens (IOL) implantation in the context of the third-world eye camp. At slightly less than 30 minutes per case, while not as quick as an intracapsular cataract extraction (ICCE) with a Graefe section, the trade-off between vision result and operation time, according to patients, is very much in favor of the ECCE/IOL technique. Also, although IOLs remain expensive, by using donated lenses, the overall costs of poviding ECCE/IOL surgery need not exceed those of providing ICCE.
Long-Term Vitreous Replacement in Primates With Intravitreal Vitreon® or Vitreon® Plus Silicone
Authors: Peyman Gholam A , Conway Mandi D , Soike Kenneth F , Clark Leland C
Published: April 2021

ABSTRACT

Six African green monkeys (six eyes) underwent vitrectomy and vitreous replacement with Vitreon® (perfluorophenanthrene) or Vitreon plus silicone. A seventh animal served as a control. Vitreon alone and in combination remained optically clear and allowed fundus examination up to 162 days. No toxic effects to the retina were detectable. Vitreon exhibited some degree of emulsification and formed some globules at 45 days postoperatively. Interestingly, Vitreon emulsification occurred at a later time (80 days) in one of the silicone plus Vitreon eyes. The combination of silicone plus Vitreon may offer the advantage of tamponading the inferior and superior retina in phakic eyes.
Laser Treatment of Subfoveolar Choroidal Neovascular Membranes
Authors: Daubert Jack S , El-choufi Leyla , Stephens Robert F
Published: April 2021

ABSTRACT

We prospectively studied the safety and efficacy of subfoveolar laser treatment of choroidal neovascular membranes (CNVM) in 29 eyes. With one to four treatments, all CNVMs were successfully eradicated. Central visual acuity improved in 31% and stabilized in 69%. Vision did not deteriorate in any of the eyes. In appropriately selected eyes, subfoveolar treatment appears safe and effective in halting the exudative response and minimizing scotoma size, thus facilitating the use of low-vision aids.
Cortex at the 12 O'clock Position and the Role of Peripheral Iris Opening
Authors: Alpar John J
Published: April 2021

ABSTRACT

Performing a peripheral iridectomy is a safe and effective means of atraumatically removing cortex at the 12 o'clock position. It prevents pupillary block as welt as adhesions between the iris and capsule. Also, it serves to position the anterior capsular flap and the superior edge of the intraocular lens.
Lacrimal Obstruction After Medial Maxillectomy
Authors: Glatt Herbert J , Chan Alex C
Published: April 2021

ABSTRACT

Medial maxillectomy can result in lacrimal obstruction and the need for subsequent dacryocystorhinostomy. Computed tomographic dacryocystography is a technique in which radiopaque dye is instilled in the lacrimal sac and computed tomography is subsequently performed. Computed tomographic dacryocystography facilitated the management of a patient with lacrimal obstruction after medial maxillectomy by helping to exclude recurrent tumor and sinusitis, and by providing a surgical "roadmap" in the presence of altered anatomy.
Nd:YAG Laser Trabeculopuncture in Angle-Recession Glaucoma
Authors: Melamed Shlomo , Ashkenazi Isaac , Gutman Isaac , Blumenthal Michael
Published: April 2021

ABSTRACT

Nd:YAG laser trabeculopuncture (YLT) was performed in 12 eyes of 12 patients with angle-recession glaucoma. Confluent, 1-clock-hour trabeculotomy was attempted in all eyes. The calculated average laser energy was 181 ±86 m J. Where possible, the midtrabecular meshwork was treated, preferably at the superior half. After a mean follow up of 12.0 ± 5.6 months, intraocular pressure (IOP) was controlled (≤ 19 mm Hg) in five eyes (41.7%). YLT was associated with blood reflux during or after treatment in all successfully treated eyes. In eyes that failed, blood reflux could be detected in only two of seven eyes (28.6%). YLT failed to control IOP in all five eyes that had angle-recession for 360°.

Following YLT, IOP rose in two eyes (16.6%), minimal hyphema occurred in one eye, and temporary flare and cells developed in the anterior chamber in all eyes. Six eyes (50%) required glaucoma surgery (four had trabeculectomy and two had Molteno implant surgery).

We recommend YLT only for selected cases of uncontrolled angle-recession glaucoma in which at least part of the trabecular meshwork by gonioscopy appears to maintain its anatomical structure, permitting penetration into Schlemm's canal.
Inflammation After Cataract Surgery in Children
Authors: Jameson Nancy A , Good William V , Hoyt Creig S
Published: April 2021

ABSTRACT

We reviewed the records of 32 consecutive children (43 eyes) who underwent lensecto my /vitrectomy between January 1988 and August 1990 at the Medical Center of the University of California at San Francisco, to study the incidence and characteristics of clinically significant postoperative inflammation (CSPI). No eyes of patients 18 months old or younger (22 eyes) developed CSPI; nine of 21 eyes of older patients did develop CSPI. Other ocular abnormalities (microphthalmos, persistent hyperplastic primary vitreous, retinopathy of prematurity, and Axenfeld's syndrome) and systemic syndromes did not influence the incidence of CSPI.

Prolonged inflammation delayed refractive and amblyopia therapy but did not affect final visual acuity. The absence of CSPI in younger patients may be related to the general immaturity of their immune system and a resultant weak inflammatory response, or to their specific immunologic tolerance to lens crystalline.
Experimental Comparison of Laser and Cryosurgical Cilia Destruction
Authors: Gossman M Douglas , Brightwell Joseph R , Huntington Anne C , Newton Catherine , Yung Rudy , Eggler Susan
Published: April 2021

ABSTRACT

We compared cryosurgery with the argon and carbon dioxide lasers in a rabbit model to evaluate the permanence of eyelash destruction as well as the gross and histologic effects on the eyelid. Each modality was equally effective in preventing eyelash regrowth. Cryosurgery and the carbon dioxide laser produced the greatest acute soft tissue swelling; the carbon dioxide laser produced the most pronounced gross eyelid alterations. The argon laser produced minimal eyelid tissue change. Long-term histologic tissue alterations were not striking and were confined to eyelids treated with cryosurgery and the carbon dioxide laser. We conclude that, of the two lasers, the argon is the best suited to the clinical treatment of trichiasis: it is widely available, more precise in limiting contiguous tissue destruction when delivered through a slit lamp, and is safer for use near the eye.
The Pigtail Probe Protected by Silicone Intubation: A Combined Approach to Canalicular Reconstruction
Authors: McLeish William M , Bowman Bradley , Anderson Richard L
Published: April 2021

ABSTRACT

We have devised a method of single-eyelid canalicular reconstruction using the pigtail probe to facilitate identification of the proximal canalicular segment following silicone stent intubation of the normal, uninjured canaliculus. A series of seven acute and two long-standing canalicular lacerations were successfully reconstructed using this technique, which minimizes the risks associated with the use of the pigtail probe.
Orbicular Muscle Akinesia: A Comparison, Using Electromyography, of Three Techniques
Authors: Ropo Auli
Published: April 2021

ABSTRACT

Ninety patients scheduled for elective cataract extraction under local anesthesia received an inferolateral intraconal injection of 4 mL_of etidocaine mixed with hyaluronidase. They were divided into three groups of 30 patients each according to the method used to provide orbicular akinesia. Those in group I had a nasal, intraorbital injection; those in group II underwent electrostimulation to locate branches of the facial nerve in the eyelids; and those in group III had the anesthetic agent injected subcutaneously into the lids. Ten minutes after the regional blockade, orbicular muscle activity of the upper eyelid, as measured by electromyography, was found to be higher in group I than in the other two groups. The muscular activity of the lower lid at 10 minutes, or of either of the lids at 20 minutes, was similar in all three groups. The use of electrostimulation did not yield better orbicular akinesia than the infiltration technique alone. Nasal injection improved globe akinesia.
Ocular Integrity After Refractive Surgery: Effects of Photorefractive Keratectomy, Phototherapeutic Keratectomy, and Radial Keratotomy
Authors: Campos Mauro , Lee Martha , McDonnell Peter J
Published: April 2021

ABSTRACT

The effects on ocular integrity of three surgical techniques to correct refractive errors were compared. Ten matched pairs of eyes (right and left eyes) freshly enucleated from pigs underwent radial keratotomy (RK) (four incisions, 3.50-millimeter clear zone) in one eye and photorefractive keratectomy (PRK) with the 193-nanometer excimer laser (10.00- diopter myopic correction, 6.00-millimeter ablation diameter) in the fellow eye. Another 16 eyes under- went phototherapeutic keratectomy (PTK) at various depths; another 10 eyes were used as controls. All eyes were subjected to lateral compression by a bench press, with gradually increasing pressure applied until the globe ruptured. The rupture site was photographed. Of the 10 control eyes, 9 ruptured at the sclera and 1 ruptured at the optic nerve. All eyes that had undergone RK ruptured at the sites of the corneal incisions, whereas the eyes that had PRK ruptured at the sclera (P < .01). After PTK, corneal rupture upon compression occurred when ablations were about 40% depth or greater. Corneas that have been subjected to PRK thus appear less predisposed to rupture due to blunt trauma than do eyes that have undergone RK.
Management of Giant Retinal Tears Using Perfluorodecalin as a Postoperative Short-Term Vitreoretinal Tamponade: A Long-Term Follow-Up Study
Authors: Bottoni Ferdinando , Bailo Giorgio , Arpa Paolo , Prussiani Alberto , Monticelli Marzio , de Molfetta Vito
Published: April 2021

ABSTRACT

To avoid postoperative "compartmentaHzation" of the vitreous cavity, which may accelerate the recurrence of proliferative vitreoretinopathy (PVR), and to provide a tamponading effect lasting long enough to allow the formation of a firm chorioretinal adhesion by retinopexy, we managed 11 eyes with giant retinal tears and grade-B PVR with lensectomy, vitrectomy, 5-day internal tamponade with perfluorodecalin (PFD), and postoperative supine positioning until the PFD was removed. Baseline characteristics included myopia (10 eyes; range, 5.00 to 15.00 diopters) and perforating trauma (one eye). All patients underwent PFD/fluid exchange 5 days after surgery. Anatomic attachment of the retina was achieved with two operations (the second one being the removal of the PFD) in 9 (82%) of the 11 eyes (median follow up, 18 months). In eight eyes (73%), there was no evidence of reproliferation; in one (successfully reattached after PFD/fluid exchange), a macular pucker developed. The intraocular PFD used as an internal tamponade appeared to be well tolerated for up to 5 days, as judged by static threshold perimetry in the two patients tested, and by the functional outcomes (64% of the reattached eyes had a final visual acuity of 20/40 or better).
Contrast Sensitivity in Diabetic Retinopathy After Panretinal Photocoagulation
Authors: Khosla Prem K , Rao Venkateshwar , Tewari Hem K , Kumar Atul
Published: April 2021

ABSTRACT

Reports of changes in contrast sensitivity in proliferative diabetic retinopathy (PDR) patients after panreti* nal photocoagulation (PRP) have considered only relatively short-term results, and these have been conflicting. We evaluated contrast sensitivity changes in 30 eyes of 29 PDR patients after PRR The patients were divided into two groups. One, group A, received PRP at one sitting, and the other, group B, at two sittings. Before and at regular intervals after PRR all of the patients underwent a battery of macular function tests for best-corrected visual acuity, color vision, contrast sensitivity, and photostress. Contrast sensitivity was significantly affected (P < .001 ) in both groups immediately after PRR but stabilized to prelaser levels by the end of 3 months. Color-visionerror scores also were significantly higher (P < .001) immediately after PRR Best-corrected Snellen visual acuity, however, remained stable at prelaser levels. Contrast sensitivity appears to provide a more sensitive measurement of visual acuity than the Snellen chart for monitoring foveal integrity in patients undergoing PRR
Vitrectomy for Pars Plana Placement of a Glaucoma Seton
Authors: Smiddy William E , Rubsamen Patrick E , Grajewski Alana
Published: April 2021

ABSTRACT

Trabeculectomy, even with supplemental antifibrosis agents, has a low success rate in controlling intraocular pressure (IOP) in certain cases; ones involving severe anterior-chamber-angle disease are particularly challenging. Ten patients with advanced, nonneovascular glaucoma underwent vitrectomy and pars plana placement of seton implants. The tube was placed through the pars plana sclerotomy in each case because severe anterior chamber angle narrowing, aphakia, or penetrating keratoplasty prevented standard placement. Previous trabeculectomy had failed to control IOP in 9 of the 10 patients. In each, the preoperative IOP was 25 mm Hg or more despite maximal medical therapy. In nine of the patients, the postoperative IOP was 19 mm Hg or less, without pressure-lowering agents. The seton appeared to be functional in all of the cases. Vision remained stable or improved in seven cases, but deteriorated in three due to graft failure, progressive traction retinal detachment, or rhegmatogenous retinal detachment (one case each). Pars plana placement of tubes for glaucoma seton implants should be considered as an alternative to anterior chamber placement in certain cases of refractory glaucoma in which the anterior chamber anatomy has been severely disrupted.
Astigmatic Shift Following Sutureless, Triplanar, Curvilinear, Single Hinge, Clear Corneal Incision for Phacoemulsification and Intraocular Lens Implantation
Authors: Sajjadi Hamid , Parvin Mahyar
Published: April 2021

* BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE: Questions remain regarding wound stability, in particular astigmatism and leakage, in large, sutureless, clear corneal incisions. A polymethylmethacrylate (PMMA) implant, which may be more desirable than a silicone foldable in a very young patient, can be implanted through this incision.

* PATIENTS AND METHODS: Twenty eyes of 19 patients underwent a 5.2-mm, temporal approach, clear corneal, sutureless phacoemulsification with intraocular lens implantation. The Langerman single hinge technique with a curvilinear and a triplanar, sutureless incision was used in all cases.

RESULTS: The average axis-corrected induced cylinder was 1.05 D of with-the-rule change. Stromal hydration was not done and only one eye required a single suture.

CONCLUSION: A 5.2-mm, clear corneal incision self-sealing, with an acceptable induced with-therule astigmatism.

[Ophthalmic Surg Lasers 1996;27:844-848.]
Endoscopic Fluorescein Angiography
Authors: Uram Martin
Published: April 2021

* BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE: To assess features of various retinal and choroidal disorders by endoscopic fluorescein angiograms (EFAs) obtained intraoperatively.

* PATIENTS AND METHODS: One hundred patients undergoing vitrectomy were studied intraoperatively by injecting 5 ml of 10% fluorescein intravenously. Up to 110° field of view high-resolution angiograms were obtained endoscopically. Characteristics of diabetic retinopathy, retinal vein occlusion, retinal vasculitis, exudative macular degeneration, and neovascular glaucoma were recorded.

* RESULTS: Capillary nonperfusion, retinal vascular occlusion or incompetence, and neovascularization of the disc, retina, subretinal space, and posterior iris could be delineated.

* CONCLUSION: EFA defines pathologic retinal/choroidal areas intraoperatively, which may permit more selective surgical management during vitrectomy.

[Ophthalmic Surg Lasers 1996;27:849-855.]
A Technique for Contact Lens Fixation During Vitreous Surgery
Authors: Lewis John Michael , Ohji Masahito , Tano Yasua
Published: April 2021

Abstract. The authors describe a technique for contact lens fixation during vitreous surgery. A contact lens support ring was designed that requires only a single suture for fixation and provides improved stability and centering of a sutured fundus contact lens. These features save time and allow concentration on the surgical goals rather than on the contact lens. [Ophthalmic Surg Lasers 1996;27:891-893.]
Low-dose Perioperative 5 -Fluorouracil in Trabeculectomy
Authors: Hugkulstone Charles E , Vernon Stephen A
Published: April 2021

* BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: 5Fluorouracil (5-FU) has been used to improve the outcome of trabeculectomy in high-risk cases, employing a postoperative regimen of subconjunctival injections. In light of recent laboratory evidence of the use of perioperative exposure to 5-FU, the authors investigated the outcome of this approach in their patients.

* PATIENTS AND METHODS: Twenty-three eyes of 21 patients who underwent trabeculectomy with a perioperative application of low-dose (25 mg/ml) 5FU, with a minimum follow-up of 1 year, were reviewed retrospectively.

* RESULTS: At 1 year postoperatively, 15 (65%) of the eyes had an intraocular pressure (IOP) of less than 21 mm Hg without treatment and 3 (13%) of the eyes achieved the same IOP with the same number of or fewer medications compared with on admission. The outright successful patients had a significantly shorter disease duration than the remaining patients (P < .05), despite having used a similar number of treatments on admission, and also had a significandy lower mean number of indications for antimetabolite use [P < .02). Few complications attributable to 5-FU were noted.

* CONCLUSION: This route of administration appears to be safe and effective in patients requiring trabeculectomy who are not at a high risk for failure.

[Ophthalmie Surg Lasers 1996;27:910-916.]
Anterior Chamber Contamination Following Uncomplicated Cataract Surgery: Comparative Results Using Intravenous Imipenem
Authors: Duch-Samper Antonio M , Menezo Jose L , Hurtado-Sarrió Mercedes , Maldonado Miguel J , Checa-Flores Susana , Diaz-Llopis Manuel
Published: April 2021

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE. An attempt was made to establish the effect of an intravenous antibiotic on anterior chamber (AC) fluid contamination when administered before surgery.

PATIENTS AND METHODS: A prospective study of AC contamination was conducted in 60 patients undergoing extracapsular cataract extraction(ECCE)/intraocular lens (IOL) implantation. The final 20 patients received 1 g of intravenous imipenem 1 hour before surgery.

RESULTS: There were 4 positive AC cultures from the 20 patients in the imipenem group, and 13 positive AC cultures from the 40 control patients (P= .4, chi-square test). Of the 60 eyes, YJ had positive AC aspirate cultures and 23 had positive conjunctival smears. Only in one instance was the microorganism isolated from each case the same (1.7%).

CONCLUSIONS: An insignificant decrease in AC contamination was observed when intravenous imipenem was used before surgery. The results also suggest that conjunctiva might not be the main source of contamination during surgery.

[Ophthalmic Surg Lasers 1996;27:1005-1011.]
Sympathetic Ophthalmia Following Cyclocryotherapy With Histopathologic Correlation
Authors: Biswas Jyotirmay , Fogla Rajesh
Published: April 2021

Abstract. Sympathetic ophthalmia following cyclocryotherapy is extremely rare. The authors report a case of sympathetic ophthalmia after cyclocryotherapy for neovascular glaucoma due to central retinal vein occlusion. Histopathologic examination of the exciting eye showed features of significant sympathetic ophthalmia along with migration of uveal pigments to the limbal conjunctiva with lymphocytic infiltration around it, thereby indicating probable etiopathogenesis, [Ophthalmic Surg Lasers 1996;27:1035-1038.]
Gentamicin Retinal Toxicity After Cataract Surgery in an Eye That Underwent Vitrectomy
Authors: Rosenbaum Jacob D , Krumholz David M , Metz Dennis M
Published: April 2021

Abstract. A cataract developed in a 23-year-old man 4 months after a vitrectomy to repair a traumatic retinal detachment. An uneventful phacoemulsification was performed, using antibiotic-fortified infusion solution. Afterward, a large area of atrophic retina, consistent with gentamicin toxicity, was observed in the macula. The patient remains stable with 20/200 bestcorrected acuity. The authors suggest that because the vitreous had been removed, gentamicin was able to settle over the macula during the entire cataract procedure. Therefore, gentamicin should be used intracamerally with caution, especially in eyes in which vitrectomy has been performed. [Ophthalmic Surg Lasers 1997;28:236-238.]
A Simple Ocular Irrigation System for Alkaline Burns of the Eye
Authors: Terzidou Chryssa , Georgiadis Nick
Published: April 2021

Abstract. An alkaline burn of the eye constitutes an ocular emergency. Emergency treatment consisting of copious irrigation begins at the site of the accident and alters the outcome of the injury. The authors describe a low-cost, simple, and effective system for continuous irrigation of the ocular surface after a severe alkaline burn of the eye. This system also can be applied by inexperienced personnel during the transport of a patient to an ophthalmologic center. [Ophthalmic Surg Lasers 1997;28:255-257.]
A Portable Slit Lamp Attachment for Examination of Donor Cornea
Authors: Lifshitz Tova , Briscoe Daniel , Sabar Ron , Yassur Yuval
Published: April 2021

Abstract. A new portable device is available for direct examination of donor cornea at the slit lamp. This attachment provides a clear view of the donor cornea and can be helpful to any corneal transplant surgeon, especially at medical centers that do not have an established eye bank. [Ophthalmic Surg Lasers 1997;28:258-259.]
Transscleral Diode Laser Cyclophotocoagulation on Autopsy Eyes With Abnormally Thinned Sclera
Authors: Palmer David J , Cohen Jack , Torczynski Elise , Deutch Thomas A
Published: April 2021

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE: To determine, using autopsy eyes, whether diode laser energy adjustments are indicated in patients with thin sclera.

MATERIALS AND METHODS: In the laboratory, the superior 1 80° of sclera at the limbus was dissected to the level of barely visible anterior uvea and the opposite 1 80° of sclera served as the control in three human cadaver eyes. A contact G-probe was placed at the limbus, and settings of a diode laser were increased in increments from 1 .0 to 9.0 J at 4 burns per setting in each location.

RESULTS: On gross examination, circular hypopigmented lesions were seen in the ciliary body (CB) beginning at 3.0 J in thin sclera and at 5.0 J in normal sclera. On light microscopic examination of thin scleral sections, CB damage began at 2.9 J and CB/ciliary body epithelium (CBE) damage occurred beginning at 3.5 J. In normal sclera, minimal CB/CBE changes occurred at 6.0 to 7.5 J. No scleral damage was visible in either the experimental or the control groups.

CONCLUSION: Cycloablation energy adjustments are indicated on eyes with abnormally thin sclera to achieve similar histologic end points using the diode laser.

[Ophthalmic Surg Lasers 1997;28:495-500.]
A Motorized Hand Piece for Injectable Lenses
Authors: Scialdone Antonio , Gobbi Pier Giorgio , Brancato Rosario
Published: April 2021

Abstract. Foldable lenses represent a major breakthrough in the effort to achieve ever smaller incisions. The plate-haptic or "taco-style" lenses are folded and implanted by a device called an injector. Although customized for each manufacturer's lens, the injectors all have a common design principle: the intraocular lens (IOL) is folded within a funnel-like structure of the tip and is advanced by a plunger that pushes and delivers the lens. To maintain optimal hand stabilization and injector management, both hands are usually required. This does not leave a hand to help with IOL positioning. To improve handling, a simple, mechanized system has been created for a new injector system that allows the delivery of the plate-haptic lens with one hand, in a pen-like fashion. [Ophthalmic Surg Lasers 1997;28:518-519.]
"Pneumofornix" (Air Under the Eyelid): A Normal Finding
Authors: Patel Bhupendra C K , Elahi Ebrahim , Anderson Richard L , Harnsberger H Ric
Published: April 2021

Abstract. Normal pockets of air under the eyelids have not been previously described in the literature. To assess the incidence and patterns of normal air bubbles in the region of the eyelid, computed tomography (CT) scans of 126 normal orbits and 36 orbits of patients with thyroid orbitopathy were assessed. Twenty-eight (22%) of the normal orbits and 14 (39%) of the thyroid orbits had a well-defined medial or lateral air bubble (or both) on axial views (A > P> .05). Oval central or paracentral air bubbles in sections through the superior or inferior fornix were seen in 19 (15%) of the normal orbits and 10 (28%) of the thyroid orbits (.1 > P> .05). It is important to be aware of the incidence and patterns of these normal air bubbles to ensure their accurate differentiation from pathologic air bubbles. [Ophthalmic Surg Lasers 1997;28:520-522.!
Traumatic Retinal Detachment From a Water Balloon Slingshot
Authors: Chaudhry Nauman A , Falcone Philip , Alexandrakis George , Grannum Errol
Published: April 2021

Abstract. The authors describe a case of traumatic retinal dialysis with retinal detachment from a water balloon slingshot during a "water balloon war." A 31year-old woman presented with decreased visual acuity in her right eye 2 days after being hit by a water balloon. The visual acuity in the right eye was counting fingers and fundus examination showed subtotal retinal detachment secondary to a superonasal dialysis. The patient underwent a scleral buckling procedure with external drainage, and at 1 8 months visual acuity was stable at 20/50 with attached retina. Water balloon eye injuries can result in permanent visual loss. More public awareness needs to be created regarding the potential harmful effects of this commonly used "toy." [Ophthalmic Surg Lasers 1998;29:864-865.]
Nd:YAG Laser Treatment for Premacular Hemorrhage
Authors: Dori Dalia , Gelfand Yuval , Erlik Nurit , Miller Benjamin
Published: April 2021

Abstract. The authors describe two cases of premacular hemorrhage secondary to retinal macroaneurysm, with significant loss of vision. A few low-energy bursts of Nd:YAG laser were applied to perforate the anterior surface of the hemorrhage, subsequently draining the blood into the vitreous cavity. The blood gradually cleared from the vitreous, with restoration of good vision. Nd:YAG laser seems to be a safe and efficient method for treating premacular hemorrhage and should be considered as a therapeutic option. [Ophthalmic Surg Lasers 1998;29:998-1000.]
Rapid Preparation of Small-Volume Autologous Fibrinogen Concentrate and Its Same Day Use in Bleb Leaks After Glaucoma Filtration Surgery
Authors: Gammon Richard R , Prum Bruce E , Avery Nancy , Mintz Paul D
Published: April 2021

Abstract. The authors evaluated small-volume preparation of autologous fibrin glue (AFG) and same day use in postglaucoma filtration surgery patients with Seidel positive bleb leaks and determined fibrinogen concentrations in autologous fibrinogen concentrates (AFCs) from 10 volunteers. Thirty milliliters of blood was centrifuged (5 min, 2400 x g); plasma was frozen (5 min-ethanol and ice), thawed (1-6 C, 30-60 min), and centrifuged (10 min, 5 C, 2800 x g); and the precipitate was transferred to a 1.0-ml tuberculosis syringe. Thrombin (1000 U) was dissolved (0.8 sterile water, 0.2 ml aminocaproic acid) and warmed (37 C). Average preparation time was 90 minutes. Alternating drops of AFC and thrombin were applied to bleb leaks until AFC clotted. Seidel testing with fluorescein determined success. AFC was prepared from 10 volunteers and fibrinogen was measured. AFG was initially successful with two (Seidel negative) eyes; one eye remained negative. AFG was unsuccessful in one briskly Seidel-positive leak. Mean ± SD fibrinogen concentration in AFCs from the 10 volunteers was 2314 ± 643 mg/dl (range 1608-3431 mg/dl). AFG may successfully close bleb leaks in outpatient settings. Brisk aqueous flow may impair effectiveness of AFG. Fibrinogen concentrations were comparable with previous reports. [Ophthalmic Surg Lasers 1998;29:1010-1012.]
Transpupillary Thermotherapy for Age-Related Macular Degeneration: Long-Pulse Photocoagulation, Apoptosis, and Heat Shock Proteins
Authors: Mainster Martin A , Reichel Elias
Published: April 2021

* OBJECTIVE: To provide a biophysical foundation for using transpupillary thermotherapy (TTT) to manage choroidal neovascularization in age-related macular degeneration (ARMD).

* METHODS: Retinal temperature rise in laser therapy is proportional to retinal irradiance (laser power/area) for a particular spot size, exposure duration, and wavelength. TTT is a low irradiance, large spot size, prolonged exposure (long-pulse), infrared laser photocoagulation protocol. Results from an experimentally confirmed, finite element model of retinal light absorption and heat conduction are used to analyze laser parameter selection and its consequences. Results from apoptosis, heat shock protein and hyperthermia research are used to examine how chorioretinal damage from clinical procedures might be reduced.

* RESULTS: Chorioretinal thermal equilibration occurs during long-pulse TTT photocoagulation. Retinal temperature increases are similar in the RPE where laser radiation absorption is significant and in the adjacent neural retina where there is negligible radiation absorption. For parameters used to treat occult choroidal neovascularization in lightly-pigmented fundi (800-mW, 810-nm, 3-mm retinal spot diameter, 60-sec exposure duration), the maximum chorioretinal temperature elevation is calculated to be roughly 10°C, significantly lower than the 20°C temperature elevations measured in threshold, conventional short-pulse retinal photocoagulation.

* CONCLUSIONS: To achieve a preselected temperature rise, TTT laser power must be increased or decreased in proportion to the diameter rather than the area of the laser spot. Clinical power settings should be adjusted for fundus pigmentation and media clarity because both of these factors affect absorbed retinal irradiance and thus retinal temperature rise. Noninvasive thermal dosimetry currently is unavailable for clinical retinal photocoagulation, but potential thermometric techniques include MRI, liposomal-encapsulated dyes, multispectral imaging or reflectometry, and subretinal or episcleral thermometry. TTT may be useful not only as independent therapy, but also as an adjunct to PDT, antiangiogenic drugs and ionizing radiation therapy in the management of neovascular ARMD. Low temperature, longpulse photocoagulation is a potential strategy for decreasing neural retinal damage in subsequent TTT or short-pulse photocoagulation and perhaps even for treating glaucoma or retinal degenerations.

[Ophthalmic Surg Lasers 2000;31:359-373]
Combined Hamartoma of the Retina and Retinal Pigment Epithelium with Full Thickness Retinal Hole and without Retinoschisis
Authors: Verma Lalit , Venkatesh Pradeep , Lakshmaiah Chinna N , Tewari Hem K
Published: April 2021

Abstract. Combined hamartoma of the retina and retinal pigment epithelium has been described as a rare, benign tumor formed by an overgrowth of several constituents of the retina such as the retinal pigment epithelial cells, vascular elements, and glial components.1 Despite its varied clinical appearance it is important to recognize this tumor as it is known to simulate intraocular malignancies like retinoblastoma and choroidal melanoma.2 [Ophthalmic Surg Lasers 2000;31:423-426]
Pre-Descemet's Hematoma in a Patient of Congenital Glaucoma with Descemet's Detachment: A Unique Form of Hemorrhage
Authors: Mandal Anil K , Gothwal Vijaya K
Published: April 2021

Abstract. A unique form of anterior segment hemorrhage called Pre-Descemet's hematoma is a previously unreported type of hemorrhage in which blood collects in the narrow space between the corneal stroma and detached Descemets membrane, which in our case was because of congenital glaucoma associated with Haab's straie. [Ophthalmic Surg Lasers 2000;31:427-428]
Laser Trabeculodissection With a Photopolishing Scanning Excimer Laser
Authors: O'Donnell Francis E , Santos Byron A , Overby John
Published: April 2021

Abstract. A phase I study of nonpenetrating trabeculectomy (Zimmerman procedure) using a scanning excimer laser system was conducted to evaluate the ability of this laser system to achieve the deep dissection required to allow significant filtration without inadvertent penetration into the anterior chamber. A photopolishing, scanning 193 nm excimer laser system (LS 2000, LaserSight, Inc.) was used with a proprietary fluence, spot size, scanning pattern, and ablation shape to perform a trabeculodissection under a scleral flap with a limbal-based conjunctival flap in 8 cases of advanced glaucoma including 5 eyes that had a failed trabeculectomy. The laser trabeculodissection (LTD) was carried through Schlemm's canal and the juxtacanalicular trabecular meshwork, achieving vigorous aqueous outflow. No peripheral iridectomy was done. The scleral flap was closed loosely with a 10-0 suture. Mitomycin-C was used intraoperatively. In no case did inadvertent penetration into the anterior chamber occur. No peripheral iridectomy was performed. No intraoperative hyphema occurred. There was no postoperative iritis except minimal anterior chamber reaction in 1 eye with preoperative rubeosis. Postoperatively, a good filtering bleb was achieved in all 8 eyes with substantial reduction in the intraocular pressure without topical antiglaucoma therapy. No cases of postoperative shallowing (overfiltration) occurred. Gonioscopy, postoperatively, revealed no new peripheral anterior synechiae (PAS) to the filtration site and an intact inner trabecular meshwork. All eyes were followed for a minimum of 6 months. In this phase I study, laser trabeculodissection (LTD) with a 193 nm photopolishing, scanning system appears to be a promising alternative to full-thickness trabeculectomy, achieving significant filtration while perhaps avoiding much of the risk of filtration surgery. The laser system seemed to provide a more reliable, better-controlled dissection than a knife. The aqueous drainage seems to have acted as a self-regulating endpoint by absorbing UV energy, thus avoiding inadvertent penetration into the anterior chamber. More study is needed to establish the appropriate role of LTD in glaucoma therapy. [Ophthalmic Surg Lasers 2000;31:508-511]
Protective Effect of Different Ophthalmic Viscosurgical Devices on Corneal Endothelium During Severe Phacoemulsification Model in Rabbits
Authors: Ben-Eliahu Shmuel , Tal Kfir , Milstein Asher , Levin-Harrus Tal , Ezov Nati , Kleinmann Guy
Published: April 2021

Background and Objective:

To evaluate the protective effect of different ophthalmic viscosurgical devices (OVDs) on corneal endothelial cells against relatively severe phacoemulsification damage in a rabbit model.

Materials and Methods:

Twenty-four rabbit eyes were randomly assigned to four similar groups: in three groups the aqueous humor was completely replaced by Visiol (TRB CHEMEDICA, München, Germany), Biolon (Bio-Technology General Ltd., Kiryat Malachi, Israel), and Viscoat (Alcon, Puurs, Belgium) and in the control group no OVD was applied. Endothelial cell counts were performed prior to initiating the study. All eyes were exposed to continuous 5 minutes of phacoemulsification. Endothelial cell counts were repeated 4 days postoperatively.

Results:

Viscoat showed the highest endothelial cell loss (30%), followed by Biolon (25%), Visiol (22%), and the control group (19%). None of the differences between the groups were found to be statistically significant, although they were within each group (
P
= .028).

Conclusion:

None of the tested OVDs demonstrated protective effect on corneal endothelial cells in comparison to the control group. This model was found to be too aggressive for the demonstration of the protective effect of different OVDs even for hard cataract.
Random Möbius dynamics on the unit disc and perturbation theory for Lyapunov exponents
Authors: Dorsch Florian , Schulz-Baldes Hermann
Published: April 2021

Randomly drawn \begin{document}$ 2\times 2 $\end{document} matrices induce a random dynamics on the Riemann sphere via the Möbius transformation. Considering a situation where this dynamics is restricted to the unit disc and given by a random rotation perturbed by further random terms depending on two competing small parameters, the invariant (Furstenberg) measure of the random dynamical system is determined. The results have applications to the perturbation theory of Lyapunov exponents which are of relevance for one-dimensional discrete random Schrödinger operators.
Singular function emerging from one-dimensional elementary cellular automaton Rule 150
Authors: Kawaharada Akane
Published: April 2021

This paper presents a singular function on the unit interval \begin{document}$ [0, 1] $\end{document} derived from the dynamics of one-dimensional elementary cellular automaton Rule \begin{document}$ 150 $\end{document}. We describe the properties of the resulting function, which is strictly increasing, uniformly continuous, and differentiable almost everywhere, and show that it is not differentiable at dyadic rational points. We also derive functional equations that this function satisfies and show that this function is the only solution of the functional equations.
Firing patterns and bifurcation analysis of neurons under electromagnetic induction
Authors: Wen Qixiang , Liu Shenquan , Lu Bo
Published: April 2021

Based on the three-dimensional endocrine neuron model, a four-dimensional endocrine neuron model was constructed by introducing the magnetic flux variable and induced current according to the law of electromagnetic induction. Firstly, the codimension-one bifurcation and Interspike Intervals (ISIs) analysis were applied to study the bifurcation structure with respect to external stimuli and parameter $ k_0 $, and two dynamical behaviors were found: period-adding and period-doubling bifurcation leading to chaos. Besides, Hopf bifurcation was specially discussed corresponding to the transformation of the state. Secondly, the different firing patterns such as regular bursting, subthreshold oscillations, fast spiking, mixed-mode oscillations (MMOs) etc. can be observed by changing the external stimuli and the induced current. The neuron model presented more firing activities under strong coupling strength. Finally, the codimension-two bifurcation analysis shown more details of bifurcation. At the same time, the Bogdanov-Takens bifurcation point was also analyzed and three bifurcation curves were derived.
Organizational Support for Professionalism, Organizational Citizenship Behavior (OCB), and Performance
Authors: Norrohmat Noviana , Nimran Umar , Raharjo Kusdi , Utami Hamidah Nayati , Astuti Endang Siti
Published: April 2021

The purpose of this research is to determine the organizational support for professionalism that has never been done before. The research approach is to conceptualize the structure of the relationship of variables from a study. Verification research is to test the hypothesis through data collection in the field using two methods, namely descriptive survey and explanatory survey. The use of both methods aims to analyze the causality relationship between research variables in accordance with the hypothesis quantitatively. There is significant influence between the variables of organizational support to professional variables. However, different results are found on the influence of organizational support variables on OCB and performance that have no significant effect. There is also an indirect influence between organizational support variables on OCB and performance through intermediary intervening professionalism variables. The difference between this research and the previous research are the use of constructs and the measurement in the unit of analysis being used.
Tunisian Fiscal Policy Effects in a New Keynesian Model With Price Rigidity and Monopolistic Competition
Authors: Slimani Slah
Published: April 2021

This paper applies a multivariate neo-Keynesian DSGE model to study the effects of changes in Tunisian public spending on the business cycle, private consumption, wages, interest rate, and inflation rate in the presence of monopolistic competition and price nominal short-term rigidity. The main finding of this paper shows a Tunisian pro-cyclical fiscal policy. Expansionary public spending has two initial effects. The output increases due to the usual increase in labor supply, and aggregate demand increases due to an incomplete crowding out of private consumption. By increasing aggregate demand, the central bank increases the nominal interest rate, which moves in concert with inflation in order to counteract inflationary pressures. Households reduce their consumer spending at the same time as the real interest rate increases. Some companies are responding to the change in the interest rate by reducing their expenses, their employment demands, and their capital utilization rates.
Observer Patterns for Timed Properties
Authors: Baroudi Djamila , Nait-Bahloul Safia
Published: April 2021

Dwyer et al. proposed qualitative specification patterns that enable the practitioners of model checking tools to write formal specifications mainly used for automatic model checking. Although this involves formalisms that are not always easy to handle by engineers, to facilitate the integration of formal methods based on these definition patterns in the industrial field, several formal techniques and languages have been proposed. This paper studies a domain specific language named CDL which help non-experts writing formal specifications effortlessly. In CDL, a property is transformed into an observer automaton to perform a reachability analysis. The existing CDL patterns allow non-experts to reason about occurrence and order of events, but not enough about their timing. Furthermore, the semantics of patterns and transformations are not ideally formalized and are still complex. This work serves to extend the existing CDL system by patterns related to time. The contribution is illustrated in an industrial embedded system.
Rule Modifications to Reduce Checking-Related Injuries in High School Boys' Lacrosse
Authors: Guillaume Stanley , Lincoln Andrew E. , Hepburn Lisa , Caswell Shane V. , Kerr Zachary Y.
Published: April 2021

Context

The National Federation of State High School Associations previously implemented 2 lacrosse rule modifications: Rule 5.4 in the 2012–2013 academic year to heighten the penalty for a head or neck hit to the head, face, or neck (HFN) and Rule 5.3.5 in the 2013–2014 academic year to minimize body checking.

Objective

To determine if the rates of overall injury, HFN injuries, and concussions due to intentional contact (checking) differed for boys' high school lacrosse players after Rule 5.4 and 5.3.5 modifications were enacted.

Design

Descriptive epidemiology study.

Setting

Web-based online surveillance system.

Patients or Other Participants

Boys' high school lacrosse players during the 2008–2009 to 2016–2017 seasons whose teams involved athletic trainers participating in the High School Reporting Information Online sports injury-surveillance system.

Intervention(s)

Rule 5.4 in the 2012–2013 academic year increased the penalty for any intentional hits to the HFN, and Rule 5.3.5 in the 2013–2014 year eliminated body checking to a player in a defenseless position.

Main Outcome Measure(s)

Overall, HFN, and concussion injury rate ratios (IRRs) by checking mechanism; overall and checking-related injury ratios by competitions and practices.

Results

A decrease was shown in checking-related HFN injuries (IRR = 0.29, 95% CI = 0.13, 0.65) and checking-related concussions (IRR = 0.29, 95% CI = 0.12, 0.70) during practices in the seasons after both rule modifications were imposed, but no decreases occurred in any checking-related injuries during competitions. By injury mechanism, no decreases were evident after the Rule 5.4 modification. When both rule modifications (Rules 5.4 and 5.3.5) were enacted together, concussion rates due to delivering body checks (IRR = 0.51, 95% CI = 0.29, 0.91) and overall injury risk due to being body checked (IRR = 0.72, 95% CI = 0.53, 0.97) decreased.

Conclusions

When both Rule 5.4 and 5.3.5 modifications were in effect, concussion and overall injury risks decreased for the body checker and the player being body checked, respectively.
Table of Contents Vol 1, No 1 (2019) & Vol 2, No 1 (2020)
Authors: Office Editorial
Published: April 2021

No abstract available.
Isolated Pancreatic Tuberculosis
Authors: Harsha N. S. , Supreeth S. K. , Lokesh P. , Ramyasri K. , Shekar M. , Suraj B. M.
Published: April 2021

Isolated pancreatic tuberculosis (TB) is a very rare condition even in endemic areas. Pancreatic TB is seen in immunocompromised patients and usually occurs in association with miliary TB. Pancreatic TB can present as acute or chronic pancreatitis, a pancreatic abscess, and solid pancreatic masses. In a case of pancreatic mass, the possibility of TB should be considered in the list of differential diagnoses. Endoscopic ultrasound fine-needle aspiration sampling with an acid-fast smear is required for diagnosing pancreatic TB. Early diagnosis and prompt management of pancreatic TB will prevent unnecessary surgery and associated morbidity to the patient. Hereby, we report a very rare case of isolated pancreatic TB in a 26-year-old female who presented with a mass in porta-hepatis, which was adherent to the head of the pancreas.
A Rare Case Report of Primary Central Nervous System Vasculitis
Authors: Madhumati  , Chetan H.
Published: April 2021

Primary central nervous system (CNS) vasculitis is defined as an inflammation of cerebral vasculature without vasculitis of other organs. It represents a rare and poorly understood form of vascular inflammatory disease restricted to the brain and spinal cord. An average annual incidence rate of 2.4 cases per 1,000,000 persons per year has been reported all over the world. It affects medium and small-sized arteries of the brain parenchyma, spinal cord, and leptomeninges resulting in CNS dysfunction. Here, we report the case of a 19-year-old female brought with a history of headache, fever and vomiting, and altered sensorium, and on further clinical, biochemical and radiological evaluation, a final diagnosis of primary CNS vasculitis was made.