bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
الهُوِية الإسلامية : (مفهومها و خصائصها وقيمها الحضارية)
Authors: الضو آدم موسى محمدنور
Published: July 2021

Praise be to Allah and peace and blessing be upon his  messenger who is honest and trustworthy,  the general objective of this study is to remind Islamic nation of its identity components and enlighten it of the stakes which surrounding it. There is no way for contemporary calamity of the Islamic nation, but to restore its identity, because it is outstanding with its rabbinic  benchmarks. This Islamic identity gives Islamic society its value and saves its solidarity and there is no glory for this nation without it. The researcher addresses the concept of Islamic identity ,its components, its effects , the researcher also tries to highlight the civilized values of its characteristics ,reminding that Allah's religion is Islam. The researcher divides the study into introduction, preface , four chapters and conclusion. In the preface the researcher clarifies ,what do we mean by civilized values? ,The concept of Islamic identity its importance to individual and society ,this is the theme of the first chapter. In the second chapter the researcher tackles the components of the Islamic identity which includes belief, the bond of faith brotherhood ,Arabic language, history and country. The researcher then moves to illustrate the unique characteristics of  Islamic identity which we do not find in other distorted and man-made divine identities in the third chapter.  The researcher proves during the narrative to this characteristics its civilized values. Finally in  the last chapter the researcher mentions some of the fruits of Islamic identity ,concluding the research with some findings and important recommendations ,all these via approach , hoping to add something of what are written by others who are interested in this theme. I pray to almighty Allah this will be the begging for more research in this rich issue which is full of eminent meanings and glorified history of Islamic identity. The purpose of all these to highlight for the reader  the Islamic identity , its effect , extended civilized value of its characteristics.
العلاقات الاجتماعية للأقليات المسلمة مع غيرهم
Authors: الحديثي د.منيرة محمد
Published: July 2021

تناولت في هذا البحث مفهوم العلاقات الاجتماعية باعتبار أنها سلوك فطري وحاجة حيوية تقتضيها نزعة التعارف وضرورات العيش، كما تناولت مفهوم الأقليات بالتركيز على مفهوم الأقلية المسلمة وبيان بعض الأحكام المتعلقة بها. وقد اخترت بعض النماذج لمسيس الحاجة إليها بين الأقليات المسلمة في علاقتهم بغيرهم ، وحاولت من خلال البحث تفنيد الانتقادات الشرسة التي تشن على الإسلام من خصومه وتنعته بأنه دين العداوات ومصادرة الحريات،  ولكثرة المسائل المستجدة والنوازل التي تواجه هذه الأقليات فقد اخترت بيان بعض الأحكام المتعلقة بهذه العلاقات الاجتماعية مثل (التحية، التهنئة، العيادة، التعزية، الهديةً) وذلك لحاجة هذه الأقليات إلى الإندماج في علاقات اجتماعية مع المجموع الأكبر.
Assistência no pós-operatório de pacientes COVID: desafios para a prática de enfermagem perioperatória
Authors: Lemos Cassiane de Santana
Published: July 2021

Editorial
Healing and Preaching
Authors: Andersen Øyvind Gaarder
Published: July 2021

According to the Pentecostal tradition, miraculous or extraordinary healings confirm the Word being preached. There is, however, an on-going theological debate concerning how this understanding should be viewed in light of modern medical science. This article argues that a discussion of this issue should begin with an analysis of what the biblical texts say about healing. Its purpose is to contribute to laying a biblical groundwork for a further systematic theological discussion of the subject. This article explores the view of healing in relation to preaching in the Gospel of Luke and the book of Acts. Using Helge Kjær Nielsen’s doctoral dissertation as a dialogue partner, this article distinguishes between an eschatological and a legitimizing understanding of healing. It argues that both perspectives are prevalent in Luke and Acts. The eschatological understanding sees healing as a manifestation of the kingdom of God, and the legitimizing understanding views healing as a confirmation of the message being preached. This article maintains that these two perspectives belong together in an essential unity and that both are needed for a biblical view of healing. The last part of this article briefly reflects on the implications this observation has for the healing ministry of the church today in terms of the eschatological as well as the legitimizing aspects. Both aspects require further research.
Mening och samhörighet
Authors: Sand Harald
Published: July 2021

Meaning and Belonging: Young Adults in Today’s Pentecostal Congregations in Sweden

The focus of this article is to explore where and how young adults in the contemporary Swedish Pentecostal movement experience meaning and belonging in their congregation and what impact meaning and belonging have for them. This article builds on a study from 2019, in which young adults in today’s Swedish Pentecostal congregations described their beliefs and their congregational life; Gemenskap, individualism och andlighet. Tro och församlingsliv bland unga vuxna i den samtida svenska pingströrelsen (Sand, 2019). The data was collected through interviews and a survey, in which both young-adult members and leaders were questioned. The results from the 2019-study will in this article be analysed and discussed based on Meredith B. McGuire’s theory on meaning and belonging in Religion: The Social Context (2008). In addition, the results will also be compared with related research. The results show the young adults mostly experience meaning and belonging in the smaller gatherings the congregations offer. The smaller groups offer the opportunity to form close bonds to other members and the possibility to strengthen their faith. The groups also work as a “safe haven” where the members can share their everyday life and personal challenges. Although the large parish community in the congregations can provide both meaning and belonging, such as volunteering in the church activities, worship and prayer during the Sunday services; they do not produce that to the same extent as the smaller gatherings. This article shows that the experience of meaning and belonging is important both for the development of the young adults’ faith and their belonging in the congregations.
Trosbaserade organisationer och professionsutveckling
Authors: Hallenius Mikael
Published: July 2021

Faith-based organizations and professional development: A case for practical theology? The question discussed in this article is: “in what ways can perspectives from practical theology  contribute to the study of professional development within faith-based organizations? To an swer this question, I present my critical reading of the report, När tilliten prövas: En studie av  studieförbundet Ibn Rushd samhällsbidrag (2019) and the results are analyzed utilizing per spectives from practical theology. My method is theory-testing critical reading where I search  for and present concepts in the report concerning 1) What is said of religion in the relationship  between religion and society in the report? 2) Which perspectives are raised in the report con cerning stakeholders, staff, and visitors/participants behavior? Finally, using perspectives from  practical theology, I outline two answers addressing what professional development in faith based organizations is and how practical theology can contribute in this field. Firstly, I propose  that professional development in faith-based professions occurs when one’s own and other’s  expression of intentional religion is perceived as one of many positive assets from the onset.  Practical theology has the resources to both study and develop knowledge in these processes.  Secondly, I claim that practical theology has resources to identify and utilize lessons learned  from other professions with clear religious identities. Their experiences should be of interest  for actors dealing with similar challenges and for society in general. Professional development  in faith-based organizations is a case for practical theology.
Investigating the classroom management styles and undesirable educational behaviors in students of Medical Sciences: Cross-sectional study
Authors: Ghassemi F. Z. , Sargazifar R. , Khammar Z. , Akbari N. , Arbabisarjou A.
Published: July 2021

Background and Aim: Classroom management has a significant impact on controlling and managing student behavior. The management of the classroom is an art and a science. The present study set to investigate the status of classroom management styles and types of undesirable educational behaviors among students of Zahedan University of Medical Sciences. Methods and Materials: In this descriptive study, 300 students were selected by stratified random sampling to study a variety of undesirable behaviors in an academic setting. Also, 100 faculty members from Zahedan University of Medical Sciences participated in the study to explore classroom management styles. Classroom management style inventory designed by Amini et al. (2014) were used. The self-administered questionnaire about undesirable educational behaviors was used to gather data. The validity and reliability of both instruments have confirmed .The data were analyzed in SPSS software version 16. Results: The findings showed that the faculty members’ average score of class management is 45.16 out of 100 , which indicates that the faculty members of this university have an interactive style. Also, the average score of undesirable educational behaviors was obtained 71.21. out of 135. Conclusion: Based on the findings of research on the use of interactive styles by faculty members, it is recommended to prepare training workshops for university professors. In order to reduce the undesirable educational behaviors of students at the beginning of the semester and upon entering the university, justification classes should be hold to control various educational behaviors and misbehaviors and management classes should be hold by cultural and social officials of university and oblige students to participate in such classes. Keywords: classroom management style, undesirable educational behaviors
Clinical and Functional Features of Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease in Russian Primary Health Care
Authors: Nizov A. , Ermachkova A. , Dzhurdzhevich M. , Ponomareva I. , Glotov S. , Shakhanov A.
Published: July 2021

Aim: To reveal the clinical and functional features in patients with COPD in Russian primary health care. Methods: At stage 1, COPD risk factors were assessed among persons with respiratory symptoms (n=525). Stage 2 included screening spirometry. At stage 3, patients with COPD were examined to determine clinical and functional features. The COPD group included 150 patients in age from 45 to 81 years (56.1±2.3 years). According to the GOLD classification, patients were divided into the following groups: group A – 59 patients (39.3%), group B – 30(20%), group C – 29(19%) and group D – 32(21.7%). Results: Mild to moderate COPD was registered in 62% of cases. 88(58.7%) had few symptoms of the disease (mMRC-0-1, CAT <10 points), 62(41.3%) had many symptoms (mMRC-0-1, CAT ≥10 points). There is a correlation between the rate of exacerbations and severity of COPD (r=0,56, p<0,05 ). Most of the patients without exacerbations belonged to group A (45.4%). There were no significant demographic differences between the groups in terms of age, gender, and smoking status (p>0.05). 58.3% of COPD patients had a 1point mMRC score and 41.7% of patients had a score of more than 2. Conclusion: The study revealed a high prevalence of COPD between adults with mild to moderate severity. Keywords: COPD, spirometry, mMRC, CAT.
Quality of life, disability level and nutritional status among Multiple sclerosis patients
Authors: Mahmood H. J. , Ibrahim R. H. , Abdulghani M. F. , Khalaf N.
Published: July 2021

Background: The most severe form of nervous dysfunction among young individuals is Multiple sclerosis (MS). Symptoms usually appear at (15–40) years of age.MS is identified as an affective disorder in patients for a long time, characterized by current nervous system (NS) injury structure and rising accumulative damage.Recent years have seen a rise in the number of MS. This affects more than two million individuals every year in the world. Methods: Ethical approval for this study was granted by the Ethics Committee for the Medical Research/University of Mosul. This was a retrospective and a hospital-based study performed. In the latter, MS patients' medical records fulfilling the McDonald diagnostic criteria were analyzed, and both demographics and clinical characteristics were reviewed. We did exclude patients with neuromyelitis optica and isolated transverse myelitis. A retrospective study design was applied in Ibn-Sina Teaching Hospital, City of Mosul, Iraq. Results:This section summarizes the main findings of this research. Identified 500 patients who fulfilled our criteria for having MS. The crude estimated Prevalence of MS in the Mosul population was thus 50/100,000. The research population's demographic and clinical characteristics were identified and found a positive first or second-degree family history of MS at least 11.4% of Mosul patients. Conclusion:Based on the assumptions and previous studies that patients with multiple sclerosis in Mosul suffer from milder disease severity than those in western countries, it was surprising that half of the patients suffer from gait disability.
Effectiveness of Spinal Mobilization with Leg Movement Versus McKenzie Back Extension Exercises in Lumbar Radiculopathy
Authors: Ashraf B. , Ahmad S. , Ashraf K. , Kanwal S. , Ashraf S. , Khan N. , Nouman M. , Shafique S.
Published: July 2021

Background: Lumbar Radiculopathy is characterized as radiating pain along with some sensory and motor deficits in lower back and hip into the leg. Manual therapy techniques like Spinal mobilization with leg movement and McKenzie Extension exercise seems to be effective in treating and managing the symptoms associated with Radiculopathy. Aim: To make comparison between effects of Spinal mobilization with leg Movement versus McKenzie Extension exercise to manage the Lumbar Radiculopathy. Methods: The present Randomized Control Trial included 60 patients of age 28-50 years with Lumbar radiculopathy were grouped into two by sealed envelope method; the first group (A) was Experimental Group, while the other group (B) was the control Group and were selected from City hospital Multan from February 2018 to June 2018. The study participants were requested to complete the protocol for 4 weeks (3 days per week, 30 repetitions in one session). All the subjects were examined before and after the tests, for pain intensity (NPRS), functional Mobility measured by MODI and range of motion by goniometry. Results: Results of the study showed significant decrease in pain intensity on NPRS (P< 0.05) and MODI Scoring (P<0.05) with noticeable improvement in Functions and range of motion measured by Goniometry. (Readings were taken at 1st session and at the end of the completion of the session). Pain was equally reduced in both groups while improvement in MODI scoring and Range of motion was more significant in experimental group (A) with respect to the control group (B). Conclusion: Study showed that both techniques SMWLW and McKenzie Extension Exercises were effective in improving the pain, decreasing the severity and MODI Scoring while SMWLM is more effective in improving range of motion. Keywords: Lumbar Radiculopathy, Spinal mobilization with leg movement, McKenzie Extension Exercises
The Influence of Covid-19 Lockdown on Body Mass Index, Depression, Anxiety and Stress among Medical Students
Authors: Masud R. , Anjum A. F. , Khokhar A. , Naiyar I. , Ayaz H. , Azhar R. , Azeem M. , Irfan R. , Azam S. , Shoaib S. , Hashmi S. N. , Laique T.
Published: July 2021

The Covid-19 pandemic has wreaked havoc throughout the world, with 150 million cases to date and over 3 million lives claimed worldwide. Objectives: To explore the impact of the Covid-19 lockdown on psychological health parameters i.e. depression, anxiety and stress as well as on body mass index among medical students studying in a private medical college in Pakistan. Study Design: Experimental study. Methodology: This study with enrolled students (n=233) was carried out after ethical review committee’s (ERC) approval at CMH Kharian Medical College (CKMC), Physiology Department, Kharian-Pakistan. Both male and female medical students were enrolled. In phase 1, the students reported to the Physiology laboratory where age and gender were recorded. The pre-lockdown readings of BMI and DASS-21(Depression, Anxiety, Stress) scale were taken. In phase-2, the post-lockdown readings of BMI and DASS-21 scale were taken once the students returned to campus. Statistical analysis: Data was analyzed by SPSS software, version 21. BMI and DASS-21 score were presented as mean + SD. Statistical significance was taken at p value <0.05. Results: In present study, results showed that there was a decrease in level of depression post-Covid-19-lockdown among enrolled subjects with significant p-values (0.019*) in the pre and post covid-19-lockdown comparison. Conclusion: We concluded that significant difference was seen between Pre & Post Covid-19-lockdown depression with p-value of <0.019. However, insignificant difference was seen between Pre & Post Covid-19-lockdown anxiety and stress with p-value of >0.05. Key Words: Covid-19 lockdown, Medical students, Depression, BMI and Anxiety.
Pemikiran Hermeneutika Amina Wadud Muhsin
Authors: Eka Prasetiawati
Published: July 2021

Perkembangan ilmu pengetahuan terjadi pada semua bidang ilmu. Tak terkecuali bidang ilmu-ilmu al-Qur‟an. Di Barat lahir seorang tokoh perempuan yang menghebohkan dunia Islam pada saat itu, bahkan hingga saat ini. Namanya adalah Amina Wadud Muhsin. Ia seorang Profesor Islamic Studies yang pernah menjadi imam shalat Jum‟at. Dalam jum‟atan tersebut, imamnya perempuan, khatibnya perempuan dan barisan makmumnya bercampur aduk antara laki-laki dan perempuan. Sejak 1400 tahun lebih Islam di sebarkan oleh Nabi Muhammad, baru Amina Wadud-lah orang yang berani menjadi imam shalat Jum‟at. Amina Wadud melakukan hal tersebut tentu bukan asal-asalan, namun juga memiliki dasar. Dasar yang di pakai olehnya adalah hermeneutika tauhid. Dalam hal ibadah, seseorang tidak boleh di halangi hanya karena jenis kemanin, asalkan bertauhid, ia boleh beribadah. Selain itu, factor kondisi geografis dimana Amina Wadud tinggal juga menjadi alasan utmanya untuk melakukan hal itu.
Insider-Outsider dalam Studi Islam
Authors: Bayu Fermadi
Published: July 2021

Penelitian ini akan membahas gagasan empat tokoh, yaitu Amir Hussain, Amina Wadud, Omid Safi dan Sa‟diyya Shaikh. Kesimpulan dari Amir Hussain tentang pluralisme dalam Islam dibagi menjadi empat aspek, yaitu dalam al-Qur‟an, al-Sunnahpraktik sahabat nabi, dan praktik umat Islam kontemporer. Sedangkan dari pendapat Amina Wadud dapat disimpulkan bahwa Muslim-Amerika dibentuk dari berbagai macam negara lain sehingga menciptakan warna tersendiri sebagai Muslim-Amerika. Jasa Muslim-Amerika kepada negera ini adalah memberikan pencitraan buruk terhadap alkohol, menghilangkan problem rasial dan memberikan makna tersendiri mengenai arti kesopanan dalam berbusana. Kesimpulan dari pemikiran Omid Safi dalam artikel ini adalah pergerakan Islam pasca terjadinya insiden gedung WTC pada 11 September 2001 menyebabkan citra buruk kepada umat muslim. Mereka dicap sebagai kelompok fundamentalis, bermasalah, radikal, bahkan teroris. Sedangkan dari pendapat Sa‟diyya Shaikh dapat disimpulkan bahwa transformasi gerakan feminism dalam masalah h}ijab dapat dijadikan identitas tersendiri dan simbol ketaatan kepada Tuhan
Hermeneutika Farid Esack
Authors: Misbachul Munir
Published: July 2021

Al-Qur‟an adalah kitab suci yang dijadikan pedoman bagi umat Islam dalam segala hal, termasuk memecahkan masalah sosial-politik yang terjadi di Afrika Selatan. Farid Esack adalah tokoh reformis muslim Afrika Selatan yang memiliki gagasan hermenutis untuk membebaskan masyarakat Afrika Selatan dari penindasan Apartheid. Upaya yang dilakukan Esack adalah dengan melakukan reinterpretasi terhadap teologi Islam. Kesimpulan dari artikel ini adalah hermeneutika pembebasan yang digagas oleh Farid Esack meliputi: taqwa, tauh}id, al-na>s, mustad}‘ifu>n, al-adl-al-qist}, dan jihad. Metode tersebut diterapkan untuk memaknai kembali arti iman dan kufr. Menurutnya, iman bukan sebatas keyakinan di hati, akan tetapi terbukti dalam tindakan diri. Sedangkan kufr didefinisikan dalam wilayah agama dan tindakan. Fir‟aun adalah reinterpretasi kufr dalam di>n dan tindakan. Sedangkan penguasa yang memiliki karakter menindas seperti Fir‟aun juga dapat dikatakan sebagai kufr, sebab ia bertentangan dengan keadilan dan tidak berpihak kepada kaum yang lemah.
MENGENAL TAREKAT DI DUNIA ISLAM
Authors: Yuslia Styawati
Published: July 2021

Sufi orders have been instrumental in the life of the Sufis as centers for spiritual training and education. In these centers the Sufis can elaborate their ideas, and apply them in real life. In the passages of time however, these orders were no longer considered simply as religious centers but also as sufis grouping consisting of people committed to practice the teaching of their religion.This article tries to describes these sufis grouping and their doctrins. Such as Qadiriah, Syadziliyah and Syattariyah.
MODERAT DAN PURITAN DALAM PEMIKIRAN KHALED ABOU EL FADL
Authors: Bayu Fermadi
Published: July 2021

Perlombaan adu gagasan kebenaran terjadi sangat ketat antara Islam moderat dan puritan. Masing-masing ‘mencari mangsa’ agar paham mereka dapat diterima oleh khalayak. Dalam artikel ini dibahas perbedaan mendasar kedua kelompok tersebut dari kacamata Khaled Abou el Fadl. Kesimpulan artikel ini adalah muslim puritan memiliki karakter kembali kepada al-Qur’an dan hadis. Kelompok ini diiwakili oleh Wahabi. Implikasi dari paham tersebut adalah Islam dicap sebagai agama garis keras, teroris, bahkan menghakimi orang yang tidak sepaham sebagai kafir. Mereka hanya mengikuti ijtihad ulama mereka dan menutup ruang pemahaman baru. Hal ini didasarkan oleh asumsi mereka bahwa 90 % ajaran Islam tidak dapat diinterpretasikan. Sedangkan muslim moderat adalah kelompok yang mengakomodir pemahaman dasar-dasar Islam melalui kacamata ijma>’ dan qiya>s: yang diwakili oleh kelompok Sunni. Mereka lebih longgar dan menerima modernitas. Paham tersebut mencerminkan Islam yang humanis dan fleksiel. Poin penting dalam menyikapi perbedaan tersebut bukan dinilai dari benar salah, tetapi siapakah yang lebih baik diantara mereka.
Habitat specific tradeoffs in growth and survival by hogfish Lachnolaimus maximus in southeast Florida
Authors: Towne Ian A , Arena Paul T , Collins Angela B , Kerstetter David W
Published: July 2021

The hogfish Lachnolaimus maximus, an economically important, reef-associated protogynous teleost, has gained additional interest from fisheries managers due to evidence of overfishing in the southeastern United States. This study collected data on age and growth of hogfish in
southeast Florida (SEFL), an understudied part of the species' range. Hogfish (n = 227) were collected from three reef tracts at different depths between January 2016 and August 2017. The average maximum potential length (L∞) was 414 mm overall and showed evidence
of Lee's Phenomenon occurring relative to the eastern Gulf of Mexico, an area of presumed lower fishing pressure, where L∞ was 920 mm. Hogfish growth was also found to vary significantly by reef location in SEFL. Otolith-based aging revealed that SEFL hogfish growth
past age 3 significantly decreased as reef depth increased between the three reef tracts [length at age 9 (L9) = 564, 405, 351 mm FL]. By L9, hogfish from the shallowest reef tract (4–6 m) were on average 61% longer and four times the weight of individuals
collected from the deepest reef tract (15–25 m). Annual survival also increased with depth (42%, 65%, 73%), with a linear relationship to growth at L9 where R2 = 1.0, indicating there are inherent tradeoffs between growth and longevity in hogfish of
southeast Florida.
The Effectiveness of the World Health Organization in Pandemics and the Future of the Post-Pandemic Era
Authors: Buzgan Turan , Güner Öner
Published: July 2021

World Health Organization (WHO) is the specialized agency of the United Nations (UN) which was established in 1948. It has its Headquarters in Geneva, 6 different Regional Offices and149 Country Offices. World Health Organization’s mandate, priority areas and working fields are decided by its Member States. Its primary decision-making body is the World Health Assembly (WHA) with WHO Executive Board (EB). World Health Organization’s work is determined and reviewed at the WHA by instructions and approval of official delegations authorized by Member States. World Health Organization Director General and staff, together constituting Secretariat, are responsible of implementation of decisions. WHO is an organization that is setting standards and norms in the field of global health, therefore WHO has an impact and mandate on particularly as the directing and coordinating authority, norm and standard setting agency, providing support in cases of emergencies and development of health policies health systems countries. Being a legal framework of detection and control of public health risks at its origin before crossing border, The International Health Regulations (IHR imposes some obligations on WHO and assigns some responsibilities on Member States. Some global health problems and lately the COVID-19 pandemic has led to some criticisms on World Health Organization and brought up the future of World Health Organization for discussion in the post-pandemic era.
The Current/Potential Legal Issues in Contract Law and Health Lawdue to the COVID-19 Pandemic
Authors: Somer Pervin
Published: July 2021

Legal rules are already established rules. Legal structure, while on the one hand, ensures stability and natural predictability of its inherent sanctions, it may be incomplete or inadequate in extraordinary situations, on the other hand. There are certain procedures for enforcement of legal rules; these procedures or the extraordinary conditions of disaster periods might not be suitable for taking quick action. As in the 1999 earthquake, various legal problems have come up in Turkey during the COVID-19 pandemic, which affected the whole world. What is important here is to realize these problems and start searching for a permanent solution.The pandemic process led to certain social, economic, commercial, national and international problems in the world and in Turkey since the very beginning; these problems have unavoidably transformed into legal problems and a search for a solution was initiated. This study focuses on the current and potential issues occurring in contract and health law due to the COVID-19 pandemic.
Ancient Woodland in Concept and Practice
Authors: Peterken George
Published: July 2021

During the 1970s, British ecologists adopted what they thought was a new concept, ancient woodland, which broadly meant medieval and pre-medieval woodland that still existed in the modern landscape. The concept developed out of an expanding interest by ecologists in the history of the habitats they studied, epitomised by influential works on the Pinus sylvestris woodland in Scotland (Steven and Carlisle, 1959) and the woods of the New Forest (Tubbs 1968). At the same time, ecologists were realising that some rare woodland plant species were found in woods that had existed for centuries, but not in woods of recent origin (Pigott, 1969; Ratcliffe, 1968). Ancient woodland quickly became a key concept in nature conservation, partly because the species associated with such woodland were clearly vulnerable to changes in the pattern of woodland. Indeed, these associated species acquired an identity of their own as ‘ancient woodland indicators’ and were used to evaluate woodlands for nature conservation purposes (Peterken, 1974). The concept, however, was easily misunderstood. In particular, many people thought ‘ancient woodland’ meant woodland with ancient trees, whereas ecologists meant ‘land that has been continuously wooded since the Middle Ages’, i.e., the concept referred to habitat continuity and not the age of the trees, though of course some ancient woodland was in fact dominated by large, old trees. The other misunderstanding was to assume that the term ‘ancient woodland indicator’ could be taken literally, i.e., that, if any of the species known to be associated with ancient woodland were found in a wood, then that wood must have enjoyed a continuous existence back to at least the Middle Ages. Despite the confusions, the concept of ancient woodland has since become important in British ecology and conservation. It helps explain the distribution of wildlife species; links ecology with cultural and landscape history; and forms a key element in forestry policy. Allied to this, the concept of ancient woodland indicators has also lodged in the public imagination. Such species tend to be rare and local; they implicitly require land to have remained wooded for several centuries; and for both these reasons they tend to be a priority for nature conservation. This chapter describes how the concept developed in Britain and its strengths and limitations for ecologists and conservationists. It also considers its use and limitations in mainland Europe and eastern North America.
Marmara’da Deniz Ekolojisi; Deniz Salyası Oluşumu, Etkileşimleri ve Çözüm Önerileri
Authors: Öztürk İzzet
Published: July 2021

Son dönemde Marmara Denizi’nde yoğunlukla gözlemlenen; görsel, ekolojik ve ticari yönlerden sebep olduğu olumsuz etkileri nedeniyle kamuoyunun gündemine oturan deniz salyası sadece bugün değil geleceğimizi için de tehlike oluşturuyor. Bu bağlamda Türkiye Bilimler Akademisi Başkanlığı, konusunda uzman bilim insanları bu çevre sorununu değerlendirmeleri amacıyla düzenlediği Çalıştay’ın ardından çok kısa bir zaman dilimi içeresinde gerçekleştirilen yoğun çalışmalar sayesinde konu hakkında hazırlanan en kapsamlı kitap olmasının yanı sıra aynıı zaman da bir rehber özelliği taşıyor.yayımladı. Kamuoyunun faydasına sunulan ve izlenmesi gereken yol haritasını sunan kitap; farklı bilim disiplinlerinden alanında yetkin bilim insanlarının konu ile ilgili güncel çalışmalarını ve soruna yönelik çözüm önerilerini içeriyor.
Marmara’da Deniz Salyası Sorunu: Tanımı, Sebepleri, Boyutları, Değerlendirme ve Çözüm Önerileri
Authors: Öztürk İzzet , Dülekgürgen Ebru , Erşahin Mustafa Evren
Published: July 2021

Bu makalede deniz salyası oluşum mekanizmaları ve olası etkenler özetlenerek Marmara Denizi’nde geçmişte yaşanan deniz salyası vakalarıyla ilgili çalışmalar kısaca irdelenmiştir. Ayrıca salya oluşumunu etkileyen hidrodinamik/oşinografik unsurlar bağlamında, Marmara Denizi’ndeki durum tanımlanmış, su bütçeleri yansıtılmış ve havzaya taşınan deşarj oranları özetlenmiştir. Havzadaki deniz suyu taşınımı ile akıntı durumu irdelenmiş, yüzey akıntılarının çok düşük olduğu su kütlelerinin bulunduğu bölgeler belirtilmiştir. Marmara Denizi ve Karadeniz arasındaki kirlilik yükü taşınımları bağlamında Karadeniz’den Marmara’ya üst akımla ve İstanbul Boğazı’ndan Karadeniz’e alt akımla taşınan kirlilik yükleri hesaplanmış, Karadeniz’deki yüksek birincil üretimi destekleyen besi maddesi (N, P) girdilerinin esasen üst tabakaya ulaşan nehir deşarjlarından kaynaklandığı ve Marmara katkısının sınırlı olduğu değerlendirilmiştir. Buna mukabil, Marmara Denizi’ne ulaşan besi maddesi/kirletici yüklerinin iki ana kaynağının Karadeniz’den gelen üst akım ve başta İstanbul olmak üzere havzadaki kentlerden yapılan atıksu deşarjları olduğu, bunların yarısından fazlasında da deşarj öncesi arıtmanın ön arıtma ile sınırlı kaldığı tespitleri yapılmıştır. Marmara Denizi su kalitesi ve ekolojik durumuyla ilgili öngörülen “daha az sıkı su kalitesi” hedefine ulaşabilmek için havzaya ulaşan kirlilik yüklerinin ulaşılabilir en yüksek düzeyde azaltımının gerekli olduğu, ötrofikasyon kontrolü için havzadaki bazı bölgelerin dikkatli izlemeye alınması ve İstanbul Boğazı hariç Marmara’ya yapılacak tüm noktasal atıksu deşarjları öncesi biyolojik C, N ve P giderimli arıtma uygulamasının gerektiği değerlendirilmiştir. Son olarak, Marmara Denizi’nde “İyi Su Durumu”nun gerektirdiği ölçüde kirlilik azaltımına yönelik çözüm önerilerine yer verilmiştir.
Müsilajda Bakteri Düzeyleri; İstanbul İli Marmara Denizi Ön Çalışma Örneği
Authors: Altuğ Gülşen , Çiftçi Türetken Pelin S. , Çardak Mine , Öztaş Meryem
Published: July 2021

Organik maddenin parçalanmasında önemli rolü olan bakteriler deniz ekosisteminin en önemli bileşenleridir. Bakterilerin çevresel değişikliklere verdikleri metabolik cevaplar ekosistemin sürdürülebilir kullanımını etkileyecek süreçleri belirlemektedir. Sağlıklı bir deniz ekosistemi sağlıklı bir mikroflora ile tanımlanabilmektedir. Bu nedenle müsilaj içinde yer alan bakterilerin ortamdaki çözünmüş karbonhidrat düzeyi ile ilişkilendirilmesi biriken organik maddenin bakteriyel tüketimine yönelik bağlantılar kurulması bakımından önem taşımaktadır. Bu çalışmada, Nisan- Mayıs 2021 döneminde Marmara Denizi İstanbul ili kıyısal alanında farklı noktalardan alınan müsilaj ve müsilajı çevreleyen deniz suyu örneklerinde yapılan bakteriyolojik analizlerin ön verileri sunulmuştur. Yayma plak tekniği kullanılarak belirlenen toplam heterotrofik aerobik bakteri (HAB) düzeyi müsilaj örneklerinde ortalama olarak 63x1012± 1.6/ml iken, en yüksek HAB düzeyi 74x1014±1.24/ml olarak kaydedilmiştir. Patojen bakteri varlığına işaret eden indikatör bakteriler tüm örneklerde sınır değerlerin üzerinde bulunmuştur. Müsilaj ve çevresindeki deniz suyundan alınan örneklerde ortalama toplam çözünmüş karbonhidrat (TDC) düzeyi sırasıyla 68±0.5 ve 29.5 ±00.3 mg/L olarak kaydedilmiştir. Ön bakteriyolojik veriler 2007 ve 2010 yıllarında Marmara Denizi’nde gözlenen müsilajdan elde edilen bakteriyolojik verilerimizle karşılaştırılarak müsilaj örneğinde deniz suyundan daha yüksek tespit edilen heterotrofik bakteri seviyeleri, müsilajdaki yoğun polisakkarit içeriğine bakteriyel afinite olarak değerlendirilmiştir. Ön bulgularımız birikmiş/yavaş bozunan organik maddenin sebep olduğu müsilajın bakteriyel tüketiminin biyokütledeki diğer bileşenlerle birlikte ele alınmasının gerektiğini göstermektedir.
Müsilaj ve Potansiyel Kullanım Alanları
Authors: Yılmaz Mete
Published: July 2021

Marmara Denizi 2021 yılında çok yoğun bir müsilaj olayı ile karşı karşıya kalmıştır. Müsilaj oluşumunun bazı fitoplanktonik canlılar tarafından salgılanan hücre dışı polisakkaritler ile başladığı düşünülmektedir. Ayrıca kirlilik baskısı ile ılıman kışları takip eden, sıcak bahar ve yaz aylarının; durgun su koşulları ile düşük oksijen seviyelerinin müsilaj oluşumunu tetiklediği düşünülmektedir. Marmara Denizinde müsilajın deniz yüzeyi, su kolonu ve sedimandaki yoğunluğu balıkçılık faaliyetlerini etkilemiş; halk arasında tedirginliğe yol açmıştır. Dolayısıyla devlet kurumlarının çabasıyla Marmara Denizinden binlerce metreküp müsilaj toplanmıştır. Bu çalışma kapsamında Mudanya kıyılarından toplanan müsilaj örneğinin yapısında karbonhidrat, protein ve lipidlerin olması bu atığın değerli bir ürüne dönüştürülebileceğini düşündürmüştür. Ayrıca elementel analiz sonuçları müsilajın yapısında değişen oranlarda C, H, N ve S elementlerinin olduğunu göstermiştir. İncelenen sınırlı sayıda müsilaj örneğinde potansiyel toksik algler veya insan hücre hatlarına karşı toksisite görülmemiştir. Tuzu uzaklaştırılan müsilaj tarımda toprak özelliklerini iyileştirme ve tarımsal verimi artırma potansiyeline sahiptir.
Sistem Pendukung Keputusan Persediaan Barang Menggunakan Metode Multi Objektif Optimization By Ratio Analysis
Authors: Prasetio Dwi , Arifin Zainal , Septiarini Dr. Anindita
Published: July 2021

Penelitian ini dilatarbelakangi oleh adanya Pengawasan dan pemeliharaanpersediaan barang merupakan masalah yang sudah biasa dalam semuaorganisasi di setiap sektor ekonomi. Serta mengontrol persediaan barang agardapat memenuhi kebutuhan konsumen. Sehinga kebutuhan konsumen akanproduk terpenuhi. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk memperoleh suatusistem pendukung keputusan sebagai alat bantu pengendalian persediaanbarang, dengan diterapkannya sistem pendukung keputusan ini, sistempendukung keputusan merupakan proses pengambilan keputusan dengandibantu komputer untuk membantu pengambil keputusan denganmenggunakan beberapa data dan model tertentu untuk menyelesaikanbeberapa masalah yang tidak terstruktur. Didalam penelitian tersebutmenggunakan Metode MOORA. Metode MOORA (Multi ObjectiveOptimization on the basis of Ratio Analysis) adalah metode multi-objektifdimana sistem mengoptimalkan dua atau lebih attribut yang salingbertentangan secara bersamaan. Metode ini diterapkan untuk memecahkanmasalah dengan perhitungan matematika yang kompleks. Dalam pengujiansistem Uji coba dilakukan untuk mengetahui apakah sistem yang dibuatsesuai dengan tujuan. Uji coba dilakukan dengan menggunakan perhitunganmanual dengan metode MOORA. Ada 6 kriteria yang menjadi acuan dalammenentukan proses pengambilan keputusan pada sistem pengendalianpersediaan barang yaitu : K01 = Stok, K02 = Harga, K03 = Jenis, K04 =Penjualan, K05 = Pengiriman, K06 = Pemeliharaan. Setelah itu dilakukanmembuat pembobotan matriks keputusan, menghitung nilai normalisasi,menghitung nilai normalisasi, maka selanjutnya adalah menjumlahkan semuanilai optimasi kriteria untuk masing-masing alternatif. Sehingga dapat hasilpengurutan nilai yang terbaik.
Penerapan Metode Levenshtein Distance Dalam Mendeteksi Hasil Jawaban Peserta Kelas Daring Dengan Teknik Web Scraping Manual
Authors: Syahputra Guntur , Boy Ahmad Fitri , Nugroho Nurcahyo Budi
Published: July 2021

Pandemi COVID 19 saat ini menyebabkan kegiatan belajar mengajar harus merubah sistem tatap muka untuk beralih kepada sistem daring, hal ini bukan menjadi alasan bagi pengampu atau penanggung jawab kelas menurunkan kualitas pengajaran. Evaluasi tetap harus dilakukan melalui pertanyaan dan tugas, namun karena dilakukan secara daring banyak peserta didik yang menjawab dengan tidak serius, menyalin dari laman web ataupun menyalin jawaban teman tanpa merubah data sedikitpun yang berasal sumber salinan.Levenshtein Distance adalah metode yang digunakan untuk medeteksi kemiripan data berbasis karakter (String Metric). Metode ini dapat membantu dan memudahkan pekerjaan pengajar dalam kelas daring untuk deteksi jawaban peserta, kemiripan jawaban yang mencapai 95% dapat dideteksi dan diasumsikan sebagai jawaban hasil salinan. Sehingga dapat diambil tindakan terhadap peserta yang melakukan hal tersebut.
Implementasi Kombinasi Algoritma RSA dan Algoritma DES Pada Aplikasi Pengaman Pesan Teks
Authors: Tampubolon Adriansyah
Published: July 2021

Kriptografi adalah ilmu yang mempelajari teknik matematis yang berhubungan dengan aspek keamanan informasi seperti tingkat keyakinan, integritas data, autentikasi entitas dan autentikasi keaslian data. Kriptografi sangat dibutuhkan dalam pengamanan data. Salah satu masalah dalam pengamanan data adalah pencurian data. Pencurian data biasanya dilakukan untuk melakukan tindakan kejahatan, seperti penyalahgunaan data untuk kriminalitas. Penulis berkeinginan untuk melakukan pengamanan pesan teks menggunakan kombinasi algoritma RSA dengan algoritma DES. Jika hanya menggunakan algoritma RSA, keamanan dari suatu pesan teks masih terancam. Tingkat keamanan algoritma RSA bergantung pada ukuran kunci yang dipakai, semakin kecil ukuran kunci maka semakin mudah ditembus menggunakan metode bruteforce. Pesan teks akan dienkripsi terlebih dahulu menggunakan algoritma RSA kemudian menggunakan algoritma DES. Dalam proses dekripsi pesan teks didekripsi menggunakan algoritma DES kemudian menggunakan algoritma RSA agar mendapatkan plainteks awal. Hasil dari penelitian ini ditujukan untuk masyarakat, khususnya di bidang keamanan data
The Performance of Canadian Listed Cannabis Equities: 1996-2020
Authors: A.K. Cox Raymond , Cheng Quan
Published: July 2021

This research investigates the investment performance of Canadian listed cannabis stocks. Canada legalized medical marijuana in 2001, following the initiation of medical marijuana authorization by some states in the US starting in 1996, and completely approved cannabis products in 2018. Investing in the 89 Canadian cannabis equities (listed on the Toronto Stock Exchange, Canadian Securities Exchange, Toronto Venture Stock Exchange, and Over-the-Counter Market) as an industry portfolio, based on weekly returns for the 1996 to 2020 period, generated high mean returns, standard deviation, positive skewness, and kurtosis. Robustness tests taking the winsorised returns (deleting the top and bottom 10 percent of returns) produced qualitatively similar results. Further, both the portfolio alpha and beta were extremely high. More so, the Canadian cannabis portfolio garnered excess returns when compared to the Standard and Poor’s Toronto Stock Exchange Composite Index. Money managers, financial analysts, and investors should contemplate including Canadian listed  cannabis stocks based on their high investment return. 
A Novel Texture Descriptor: Circular Parts Local Binary Pattern
Authors: Al Saidi Ibtissam , Rziza Mohammed , Debayle Johan
Published: July 2021

Local Binary Pattern (LBP) are considered as a classical descriptor for texture analysis, it has mostly been used in pattern recognition and computer vision applications. However, the LBP gets information from a restricted number of local neighbors which is not enough to describe texture information, and the other descriptors that get a large number of local neighbors suffer from a large dimensionality and consume much time. In this regard, we propose a novel descriptor for texture classification known as Circular Parts Local Binary Pattern (CPLBP) which is designed to enhance LBP by extending the area of neighborhood from one to a region of neighbors using polar coordinates that permit to capture more discriminating relationships that exists amongst the pixels in the local neighborhood which increase efficiency in extracting features. Firstly, the circle is divided into regions with a specific radius and angle. After that, we calculate the average gray-level value of each part. Finally, the value of the center pixel is compared with these average values. The relevance of the proposed idea is validate in databases Outex 10 and 12. A complete evaluation on benchmark data sets reveals CPLBP's high performance. CPLBP generates the score of 99.95 with SVM classification.
Dermoscopic Features of Mycosis Fungoides and Its Variants in Patients with Skin of Color: A Retrospective Analysis
Authors: Nakamura Mio , Huerta Tomas , Williams Kendrick , Hristov Alexandra , Tejasvi Trilokraj
Published: July 2021

Background: Mycosis fungoides (MF) is a cutaneous T-cell lymphoma that disproportionately affects people with skin of color and is difficult to diagnose.

Objective: This study characterized the dermoscopic features of MF and its subtypes in patients with skin of color.

Methods: Dermoscopic images of patients with skin of color seen at the cutaneous T-cell lymphoma clinic at Michigan Medicine Dermatology between 2018 and 2019 were reviewed. Specific dermoscopic features were identified and summarized for each subtype of MF.

Results: A total of 33 dermoscopic images from 11 patients with skin of color were reviewed. Four patients had classic MF (18 dermoscopic images), 4 had hypopigmented MF (9 dermoscopic images), 1 had folliculotropic MF (4 dermoscopic images), and 2 had verrucous MF (2 dermoscopic images). Classic MF was characterized by striking pigmentary change, thick black lines, white rosettes, and geometric white lines. Hypopigmented MF was characterized by the loss of the patient’s natural pigment network. In folliculotropic MF, follicular plugging and hyperpigmented to violaceous perifollicular halos were observed. In verrucous MF, large, yellow-gray amorphous structures with yellow-gray ridges and comedo-like openings were observed within hyperkeratotic areas. Overall, vessel morphology was difficult to discern on dermoscopy.

Conclusions: Dermoscopic features of MF in patients with skin of color are predominantly characterized by striking pigmentary alteration. Vessel morphology is not a reliable diagnostic feature. As patients with MF and skin of color have a worse prognosis than light-skinned individuals, a better understanding of dermoscopic features may aid in early diagnosis and improve outcomes in this group.
Management of a Chronic Skin Disease in Primary Care: An Analysis of Early-Career General Practitioners’ Consultations Involving Psoriasis
Authors: Nawaz Sameerah , Tapley Amanda , Davey Andrew , Van Driel Mieke L , Fielding Alison , Holliday Elizabeth , Ball Jean , Patsan Irena , Berrigan Alyse , Morgan Simon , Spike Neil , FitzGerald Kristen , Magin Parker
Published: July 2021

Background: The management of psoriasis by general practitioners (GPs) is vital, given its prevalence, chronicity, and associated physical and psychosocial co-morbidities. However, there is little information on how GPs (including early-career GPs) manage psoriasis.

Objectives: This study assessed the frequency with which Australian specialist GP vocational trainees (‘registrars’) provide psoriasis care and the associations of that clinical experience.

Methods: A cross-sectional analysis was done of data from the ReCEnT study, an ongoing multi-site cohort study of Australian GP registrars’ experiences during vocational training. In ReCEnT, 60 consecutive consultations are recorded 3 times (6-monthly) during each registrar's training. The outcome factor for this analysis was a problem/diagnosis being psoriasis, and independent variables were related to registrar, patient, practice and consultation factors. This study analysed 17 rounds of data collection (2010-2017) using univariate and multivariable regression.

Results: Data from 1,741 registrars regarding 241,888 consultations and 377,980 problems/diagnoses were analysed. Psoriasis comprised 0.15% (n=550) of all problems/diagnoses (95% CI, 0.13-0.16). Significant patient multivariable associations of a problem/diagnosis being psoriasis included age, gender, being new to a practice or a registrar, and psoriasis being an existing problem rather than a new diagnosis. Significant registrar associations included seeking in-consultation information/assistance, not scheduling a follow-up appointment, prescribing medication, and generating learning goals.

Conclusions: Australian registrars have modest training exposure to psoriasis and may find psoriasis management challenging. Furthermore, continuity of care (essential for optimal chronic disease management) was modest. The findings have implications for GPs’ approaches to the management of psoriasis more widely as well for general practice education and training policies.
FotoFinder Dermoscopy Analysis and Histopathological Correlation in Primary Localized Cutaneous Amyloidosis
Authors: Madarkar Mahajabeen S , R. Koti Varsha
Published: July 2021

Background: Primary localized cutaneous amyloidosis (PLCA) causes extracellular proteinaceous deposits in skin. It is clinically divided into macular amyloidosis, lichen amyloidosis and nodular amyloidosis. Atypical presentations of PLCA make the diagnosis challenging, requiring biopsy to conﬁrm amyloid deposition in the upper papillary dermis.

Objectives: This study used FotoFinder dermoscopy to characterize lichen and macular amyloidosis and correlated the dermoscopic features with histopathological findings.

Methods: This cross-sectional study enrolled patients with a clinical and histopathological diagnosis of PLCA. Dermoscopic examination was performed using the FotoFinder dermoscope, which provides a range of magnification from 20´ to 140´.

Results: A total of 30 patients were included in the study. Common dermoscopic patterns of MA were white or brown central hubs, and common patterns of LA were white structureless, scar-like areas and central hubs. New dermoscopic findings were a day lily appearance in MA and white rosettes in LA.

Conclusions: Dermoscopy plays a pivotal role in demonstrating characteristic findings of PLCA. These findings were well corelated with histopathology, thus avoiding unnecessary biopsy for arriving at an accurate diagnosis of PLCA.