bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
From framework to theory: an evolutionary view of dynamic capabilities and their microfoundations
Authors: Cristofaro Matteo , Lovallo Dan
Published: June 2022

Dynamic capabilities (DCs) are organizations' ability to integrate, build, and reconfigure competences, on which they draw to adapt to changes. Despite a significant stream of literature exploring DCs, the following question remains:how do dynamic capabilities allow organizations to adapt to changes and succeed?To fill this gap, this paper outlines a theory of DCs, based on an analysis of strategic behavior (micro)formation at the individual and collective levels. This theory conceptualizes an evolutionary paradigm in which the intentions of organizational agents are intertwined with environmental influences. It defines DCs as ‘instruments able to entrepreneurially solve problems of evolutionary fitness of organizations.’ In doing so, it advances theoretical conceptualization of DCs and their microfoundations to provide insights into how an entrepreneurially led organization may confront and solve problems and ultimately prosper.
THE AUTOMORPHISM GROUP OF THE FRAÏSSÉ LIMIT OF FINITE HEYTING ALGEBRAS
Authors: YAMAMOTO KENTARÔ
Published: June 2022

Roelcke non-precompactness, simplicity, and non-amenability of the automorphism group of the Fraïssé limit of finite Heyting algebras are proved among others.
Marine macroalgae of the Balleny Islands and Ross Sea
Authors: Nelson Wendy A. , Neill Kate F. , D'Archino Roberta , Sutherland Judy E.
Published: June 2022

The macroalgae of the Balleny Islands (66°15′S–67°35′S and 162°30′E–165°00′E) have been infrequently collected and the flora remains poorly known. This chain of islands is located on the edge of the Antarctic Circle in the northern Ross Sea, ~250 km north of the coast of northern Victoria Land, and it represents the most northerly land in the Ross Sea region. As well as being very remote, access to these islands is difficult given the highly variable prevailing ice conditions. We summarize the macroalgal floras of the Balleny Islands and the Ross Sea, including reporting new records, extending the known distribution of other taxa and highlighting the need for further taxonomic research on some of the most common and widespread species. Many of the taxa reported have been collected on few occasions and, as a consequence, there is insufficient material available, including reproductively mature samples, for some species to be fully documented. While these collections are providing intriguing insights into the relationships between the macroalgae found around the Antarctic continent, the full biodiversity of the Balleny Islands remains to be investigated, and further collections are required to enable detailed comparisons with other parts of the Antarctic region.
Central bank credibility and inflation expectations: a microfounded forecasting approach
Authors: Issler João Victor , Soares Ana Flávia
Published: June 2022

Credibility is elusive, but Blinder [(2000)American Economic Review90, 1421–1431.] generated a consensus in the literature by arguing that “A central bank is credible if people believe it will do what it says.” To implement this idea, we first measure people’s beliefs by using survey data on inflation’s expectations. Second, we compare beliefs with explicit (or tacit) targets, taking into account the uncertainty in our estimate of beliefs (asymptotic 95% robust confidence intervals). Whenever the target falls into this interval we consider the central bank credible. We consider it not credible otherwise. We apply our approach to study the credibility of the Brazilian Central Bank (BCB) by using a world-class database—the Focus Survey of forecasts. Using monthly data from January 2007 until April 2017, we estimate people’s beliefs of inflation 12 months ahead, coupled with a robust estimate of its asymptotic 95% confidence interval. Results show that the BCB was credible 65% of the time, with the exception of a few months in the beginning of 2007 and during the interval between mid-2013 throughout mid-2016.
TEMPERED HOMOGENEOUS SPACES IV
Authors: Benoist Yves , Kobayashi Toshiyuki
Published: June 2022

Let G be a complex semisimple Lie group and H a complex closed connected subgroup. Let and be their Lie algebras. We prove that the regular representation of G in
$L^2(G/H)$
is tempered if and only if the orthogonal of in contains regular elements by showing simultaneously the equivalence to other striking conditions, such as has a solvable limit algebra.
Patient behaviors during virtual clinic encounters in palliative care
Authors: Agosta Monica T. , Shih Kaoswi Karina , Vidal Marieberta , Zhukovsky Donna , Bruera Eduardo
Published: June 2022

Telehealth use has accelerated since the COVID-19 pandemic and provided access for palliative care patients often facing challenges with travel and limited specialist availability. Our palliative care clinic at the University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center has rapidly adopted telehealth which continues to grow and provide care for patients since the pandemic, becoming a routine part of our center. While we strive to maintain consistency when it comes to compassionate, sensitive verbal and non-verbal communication, we have witnessed both advantages and disadvantages to telehealth services. We have come across unanticipated virtual visit challenges while trying to deliver quality care, surprising us from the other side of the camera. In this paper, we describe three cases of unexpected telehealth etiquette that posed new challenges in being able to complete virtual visits. We propose guidelines for setting patient etiquette for a productive telehealth palliative visit.
If you were a policymaker, which treatment would you disinvest? A participatory value evaluation on public preferences for active disinvestment of health care interventions in the Netherlands
Authors: Rotteveel A. H. , Lambooij M. S. , Over E. A. B. , Hernández J. I. , Suijkerbuijk A. W. M. , de Blaeij A. T. , de Wit G. A. , Mouter N.
Published: June 2022

Introduction

Currently, it is not known what attributes of health care interventions citizens consider important in disinvestment decision-making (i.e. decisions to discontinue reimbursement). Therefore, this study aims to investigate the preferences of citizens of the Netherlands toward the relative importance of attributes of health care interventions in the context of disinvestment.

Methods

A participatory value evaluation (PVE) was conducted in April and May 2020. In this PVE, 1143 Dutch citizens were asked to save at least €100 million by selecting health care interventions for disinvestment from a list of eight unlabeled health care interventions, described solely with attributes. A portfolio choice model was used to analyze participants' choices.

Results

Participants preferred to disinvest health care interventions resulting in smaller gains in quality of life and life expectancy that are provided to older patient groups. Portfolios (i.e. combinations of health care interventions) resulting in smaller savings were preferred for disinvestment over portfolios with larger savings.

Conclusion

The disinvestment of health care interventions resulting in smaller health gains and that are targeted at older patient groups is likely to receive most public support. By incorporating this information in the selection of candidate interventions for disinvestment and the communication on disinvestment decisions, policymakers may increase public support for disinvestment.
Estimating balance, cognitive function, and falls risk using wearable sensors and the sit-to-stand test
Authors: Greene Barry R. , Doheny Emer P. , McManus Killian , Caulfield Brian
Published: June 2022

The five times sit-to-stand test (FTSS) is an established functional test, used clinically as a measure of lower-limb strength, endurance and falls risk. We report a novel method to estimate and classify cognitive function, balance impairment and falls risk using the FTSS and body-worn inertial sensors. 168 community dwelling older adults received a Comprehensive Geriatric Assessment which included the Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE) and the Berg Balance Scale (BBS). Each participant performed an FTSS, with inertial sensors on the thigh and torso, either at home or in the clinical environment. Adaptive peak detection was used to identify phases of each FTSS from torso or thigh-mounted inertial sensors. Features were then extracted from each sensor to quantify the timing, postural sway and variability of each FTSS. The relationship between each feature and MMSE and BBS was examined using Spearman’s correlation. Intraclass correlation coefficients were used to examine the intra-session reliability of each feature. A Poisson regression model with an elastic net model selection procedure was used to estimate MMSE and BBS scores, while logistic regression and sequential forward feature selection was used to classify participants according to falls risk, cognitive decline and balance impairment. BBS and MMSE were estimated using cross-validation with low root mean squared errors of 2.91 and 1.50, respectively, while the cross-validated classification accuracies for balance impairment, cognitive decline, and falls risk were 81.96, 72.71, and 68.74%, respectively. The novel methods reported provide surrogate measures which may have utility in remote assessment of physical and cognitive function.
How Does Flow Alteration Propagate Across a Large, Highly Regulated Basin? Dam Attributes, Network Context, and Implications for Biodiversity
Authors: Ruhi Albert , Hwang Jeongwoo , Devineni Naresh , Mukhopadhyay Sudarshana , Kumar Hemant , Comte Lise , Worland Scott , Sankarasubramanian A.
Published: June 2022

Large dams are a leading cause of river ecosystem degradation. Although dams have cumulative effects as water flows downstream in a river network, most flow alteration research has focused on local impacts of single dams. Here we examined the highly regulated Colorado River Basin (CRB) to understand how flow alteration propagates in river networks, as influenced by the location and characteristics of dams as well as the structure of the river network—including the presence of tributaries. We used a spatial Markov network model informed by 117 upstream‐downstream pairs of monthly flow series (2003–2017) to estimate flow alteration from 84 intermediate‐to‐large dams representing >83% of the total storage in the CRB. Using Least Absolute Shrinkage and Selection Operator regression, we then investigated how flow alteration was influenced by local dam properties (e.g., purpose, storage capacity) and network‐level attributes (e.g., position, upstream cumulative storage). Flow alteration was highly variable across the network, but tended to accumulate downstream and remained high in the main stem. Dam impacts were explained by network‐level attributes (63%) more than by local dam properties (37%), underscoring the need to consider network context when assessing dam impacts. High‐impact dams were often located in sub‐watersheds with high levels of native fish biodiversity, fish imperilment, or species requiring seasonal flows that are no longer present. These three biodiversity dimensions, as well as the amount of dam‐free downstream habitat, indicate potential to restore river ecosystems via controlled flow releases. Our methods are transferrable and could guide screening for dam reoperation in other highly regulated basins.
Differential Responses of Soil Extracellular Enzyme Activities to Salinization: Implications for Soil Carbon Cycling in Tidal Wetlands
Authors: Yang Yang , Moorhead Daryl L. , Craig Hayley , Luo Min , Chen Xin , Huang Jiafang , Olesen Jørgen E. , Chen Ji
Published: June 2022

Rising sea levels are expected to cause salinization in many historically low‐salinity tidal wetlands. However, the response of soil extracellular enzyme activities to salinization in tidal wetlands and their links to soil organic carbon (SOC) decomposition are largely unknown. Here, we conducted a global meta‐analysis to examine the effect of salinization on hydrolytic and oxidative carbon‐acquiring enzyme activities and their relationships with SOC storage in tidal wetlands. The results showed that salinization reduced hydrolytic carbon‐acquiring enzyme activities by 33% but increased oxidative carbon‐acquiring enzyme activities by 15%. Meanwhile, salinization decreased SOC storage by 14%, and the change in SOC storage was negatively associated with oxidative carbon‐acquiring enzyme activities. These results indicate an important role for oxidative carbon‐acquiring enzymes in SOC loss in tidal wetlands. Moreover, the effect of salinization on oxidative carbon‐acquiring enzyme activities logarithmically declined with increasing salinization, implying that SOC loss was highly sensitive to even minor increases in salinity at the initial stage of salinization. Given increasing salinization over time with rising sea levels in most global tidal wetlands, our results suggest that SOC loss might be greater during early than later stages. Consequently, salinization‐induced SOC loss may be overstated in the long term if extrapolations are merely based on a constant SOC loss rate determined from short‐term studies. Future modeling frameworks should account for this changing sensitivity of microbially mediated SOC loss with increasing salinization over time.
Will Increasing Climate Model Resolution Be Beneficial for ENSO Simulation?
Authors: Liu Bowen , Gan Bolan , Cai Wenju , Wu Lixin , Geng Tao , Wang Hong , Wang Shengpeng , Jing Zhao , Jia Fan
Published: June 2022

Increasing climate model resolution offers multifaceted benefits, such as improving modeled tropical cyclones. However, the extent to which it benefits El Niño‐Southern Oscillation (ENSO) simulation remains unknown. Here, comprehensive information on the sensitivity of ENSO performance to various resolutions is provided, based on a multi‐model and multi‐resolution ensemble of global coupled models. Overall, the reduced model biases of the equatorial sea surface temperature (SST) and precipitation mean state in higher‐resolution models may be attributed to increased oceanic resolution, and thus, better resolved eddy‐driven heat transport. ENSO spatial patterns were reproduced clearer in the eddy‐present models, likely due to the improved mean state and associated surface thermodynamic feedback. However, increasing atmospheric resolution alone deteriorates ENSO asymmetry, which may be due to the degradation of nonlinear atmospheric feedback. It remains challenging to alleviate the SST−shortwave‐flux feedback bias, which is a major source of too‐weak net heat flux feedback, irrespective of model resolution.
Krypton‐81 Dating Constrains Timing of Deep Groundwater Flow Activation
Authors: Kim Ji‐Hyun , Ferguson Grant , Person Mark , Jiang Wei , Lu Zheng‐Tian , Ritterbusch Florian , Yang Guo‐Min , Tyne Rebecca , Bailey Lydia , Ballentine Chris , Reiners Peter , McIntosh Jennifer
Published: June 2022

Krypton‐81 dating provides new insights into the timing, mechanisms, and extent of meteoric flushing versus retention of saline fluids in the subsurface in response to changes in geologic and/or climatic forcings over 50 ka to 1.2 Ma year timescales. Remnant Paleozoic seawater‐derived brines associated with evaporites in the Paradox Basin, Colorado Plateau, are beyond the 81Kr dating range (>1.2 Ma) and have likely been preserved due to negative fluid buoyancy and low permeability. 81Kr dating of formation waters above the evaporites indicates topographically‐driven meteoric recharge and salt dissolution since the Late Pleistocene (0.03–0.8 Ma). Formation waters below the evaporites (up to 3 km depth), in basal aquifers, contain relatively young meteoric water components (0.4–1.1 Ma based on 81Kr) that partially flushed remnant brines and dissolved evaporites. We demonstrate that recent, rapid denudation of the Colorado Plateau (<4–10 Ma) activated deep, basinal‐scale flow systems as recorded in 81Kr groundwater age distributions.
A Review on Bank Retreat: Mechanisms, Observations, and Modeling
Authors: Zhao Kun , Coco Giovanni , Gong Zheng , Darby Stephen E. , Lanzoni Stefano , Xu Fan , Zhang Kaili , Townend Ian
Published: June 2022

Bank retreat plays a fundamental role in fluvial and estuarine dynamics. It affects the cross‐sectional evolution of channels, provides a source of sediment, and modulates the diversity of habitats. Understanding and predicting the geomorphological response of fluvial/tidal channels to external driving forces underpins the robust management of water courses and the protection of wetlands. Here, we review bank retreat with respect to mechanisms, observations, and modeling, covering both rivers and (previously neglected) tidal channels. Our review encompasses both experimental and in situ observations of failure mechanisms and bank retreat rates, modeling approaches and numerical methods to simulate bank erosion. We identify that external forces, despite their distinct characteristics, may have similar effects on bank stability in both river and tidal channels, leading to the same failure mode. We review existing data and empirical functions for bank retreat rate across a range of spatial and temporal scales, and highlight the necessity to account for both hydraulic and geotechnical controls. Based on time scale considerations, we propose a new hierarchy of modeling styles that accounts for bank retreat, leading to clear recommendations for enhancing existing modeling approaches. Finally, we discuss systematically the feedbacks between bank retreat and morphodynamics, and suggest that to move this agenda forward will require a better understanding of multifactor‐driven bank retreat across a range of temporal scales, with particular attention to the differences (and similarities) between riverine and estuarine environments, and the role of feedbacks exerted by the collapsed bank soil.
Using Automated Seepage Meters to Quantify the Spatial Variability and Net Flux of Groundwater to a Stream
Authors: Humphrey C. Eric , Solomon D. Kip , Genereux David P. , Gilmore Troy E. , Mittelstet Aaron R. , Zlotnik Vitaly A. , Zeyrek Caner , Jensen Craig R. , MacNamara Markus R.
Published: June 2022

We utilized 251 measurements from a recently developed automated seepage meter (ASM) in streambeds in the Nebraska Sand Hills, USA to investigate the small‐scale spatial variability of groundwater seepage flux (q) and the ability of the ASM to estimate mean q at larger scales. Small‐scale spatial variability of q was analyzed in five dense arrays, each covering an area of 13.5–28.0 m2 (169 total point measurements). Streambed vertical hydraulic conductivity (K) was also measured. Results provided: (a) high‐resolution contour plots of q and K, (b) anisotropic semi‐variograms demonstrating greater correlation scales of q and K along the stream length than across the stream width, and (c) the number of rows of points (perpendicular to streamflow) needed to represent the groundwater flux of areas up to 28.0 m2. The findings suggest that representative streambed measurements are best conducted perpendicular to streamflow to accommodate larger seepage flux heterogeneity in this direction and minimize sampling redundancy. To investigate the ASM's ability to produce accurate mean q at larger scales, seepage meters were deployed in four stream reaches (170–890 m), arranged in three to six transects (three to eight points each) per reach across the channel. In each reach, the mean seepage flux from ASMs was compared to the seepage flux from bromide tracer dilution. Agreement between the two methods indicates the viability of a modest number of seepage meter measurements to determine the overall groundwater flux to the stream and can guide sampling for solutes and environmental tracers.
Precipitation in Northeast Mexico Primarily Controlled by the Relative Warming of Atlantic SSTs
Authors: Wright Kevin T. , Johnson Kathleen R. , Bhattacharya Tripti , Marks Gabriela Serrato , McGee David , Elsbury Dillon , Peings Yannick , Lacaille‐Muzquiz Jean‐Louis , Lum Gianna , Beramendi‐Orosco Laura , Magnusdottir Gudrun
Published: June 2022

Reconstructing hydroclimate over the Common Era is essential for understanding the dominant mechanisms of precipitation change and improving climate model projections, which currently suggest Northeast Mexico will become drier in the future. Tree‐ring reconstructions have suggested regional rainfall is primarily controlled by Pacific sea‐surface temperatures (SSTs). However, tree ring records tend to reflect winter‐spring rainfall, and thus may not accurately record total annual precipitation. Using the first multiproxy speleothem record spanning the last millennium, combined with results from an atmospheric general circulation model, we demonstrate mean annual rainfall in Northeast Mexico is highly sensitive to Atlantic SST variability. Our findings suggest future precipitation in Northeast Mexico is more dependent upon the warming of Tropical Atlantic SSTs relative to the Tropical Pacific.
The Role of Multiple Trapped Oceanic Basins in Continental Growth: Seismic Evidence From the Southern Altaids
Authors: Yang Xusong , Tian Xiaobo , Windley Brian F. , Zhao Liang , Lu Yifan , Yuan Huaiyu , Xiao Wenjiao
Published: June 2022

The enhanced preservation potential of continental material during continental convergence is thought to be responsible for the episodic continental growth process. However, the mechanism of preservation potential variation is unclear. In this study, we use a novel high‐density passive‐source seismic approach to image the whole‐crust architecture of the juvenile continent in southern Altaids. Two arcuate crust fragments are found between Paleozoic island‐arc belts, which indicate the relicts of inter‐arc oceanic basins. The results show that the trapped oceanic basins make up a large proportion of the juvenile continental crust and that the reduction in subduction erosion due to its incomplete subduction can explain a period of rapid continental growth revealed by previous zircon studies. We suggest that a large number of ocean basins may be trapped during supercontinent formation, and they play a critical role in continental material preservation and continental episodic growth.
Changing Hydrographic, Biogeochemical, and Acidification Properties in the Gulf of Maine as Measured by the Gulf of Maine North Atlantic Time Series, GNATS, Between 1998 and 2018
Authors: Balch William M. , Drapeau David T. , Bowler Bruce C. , Record Nicholas R. , Bates Nicholas R. , Pinkham Sunny , Garley Rebecca , Mitchell Catherine
Published: June 2022

The Gulf of Maine North Atlantic Time Series (GNATS) has been run since 1998, across the Gulf of Maine (GoM), between Maine and Nova Scotia. GNATS goals are to provide ocean color satellite validation and to examine change in this coastal ecosystem. We have sampled hydrographical, biological, chemical, biogeochemical, and bio‐optical variables. After 2008, warm water intrusions (likely North Atlantic Slope Water [NASW]) were observed in the eastern GoM at 50–180 m depths. Shallow waters (<50 m) significantly warmed in winter, summer, and fall but cooled during spring. Surface salinity and density of the GoM also significantly increased over the 20 years. Phytoplankton standing stock and primary production showed highly‐significant decreases during the period. Concentrations of phosphate increased, silicate decreased, residual nitrate [N*; nitrate‐silicate] increased, and the ratio of dissolved inorganic nitrogen:phosphate decreased, suggesting increasing nitrogen limitation. Dissolved organic carbon (DOC) and its optical indices generally increased over two decades, suggesting changes to the DOC cycle. Surface seawater carbonate chemistry showed winter periods where the aragonite saturation (Ωar) dropped below 1.6 gulf‐wide due to upward winter mixing of cool, corrosive water. However, associated with increased average GoM temperatures, Ωar has significantly increased. These results reinforce the hypothesis that the observed decrease in surface GoM primary production resulted from a switch from Labrador Sea Water to NASW entering the GoM. A multifactor analysis shows that decreasing GoM primary production is most significantly correlated to decreases in chlorophyll and particulate organic carbon plus increases in N* and temperature.
Advances in cost-effective integrated spectrometers
Authors: Li Ang , Yao Chunhui , Xia Junfei , Wang Huijie , Cheng Qixiang , Penty Richard , Fainman Yeshaiahu , Pan Shilong
Published: June 2022

The proliferation of Internet-of-Things has promoted a wide variety of emerging applications that require compact, lightweight, and low-cost optical spectrometers. While substantial progresses have been made in the miniaturization of spectrometers, most of them are with a major focus on the technical side but tend to feature a lower technology readiness level for manufacturability. More importantly, in spite of the advancement in miniaturized spectrometers, their performance and the metrics of real-life applications have seldomly been connected but are highly important. This review paper shows the market trend for chip-scale spectrometers and analyzes the key metrics that are required to adopt miniaturized spectrometers in real-life applications. Recent progress addressing the challenges of miniaturization of spectrometers is summarized, paying a special attention to the CMOS-compatible fabrication platform that shows a clear pathway to massive production. Insights for ways forward are also presented.
Paired box 8 facilitates the c-MYC related cell cycle progress in TP53-mutation uterine corpus endometrial carcinoma through interaction with DDX5
Authors: Qiu Ping , Jie Youkun , Ma Cheng , Chen Huifeng , Qin Yunna , Tu Kaijia , Wang Liqun , Zhang Ziyu
Published: June 2022

As a molecular marker of the female reproductive system, Paired Box 8 is widely used in pathological diagnosis of gynecological tumors, but it is not clear whether its expression level is related to the development of uterine corpus endometrial carcinoma and molecular subtype classifications. Here, we show that PAX8 is up-regulated in TP53 mutation category of UCEC, which is result from the low methylation level of PAX8 in UCEC. We have identified that genes connected to ribosome, lysosome, ribosome biogenesis and cell cycle as PAX8 targets and demonstrate that modulation of the PAX8-DDX5 interaction influences c-MYC related cell cycle and cell growth. Our work defines DDX5 as a critical PAX8 co-factor, places the PAX8-DDX5 interaction in biological context, and highlights PAX8 as a key point for development of novel anti-MYC therapies in TP53-mutation UCEC.
Electro-optical mechanically flexible coaxial microprobes for minimally invasive interfacing with intrinsic neural circuits
Authors: Ward Spencer , Riley Conor , Carey Erin M. , Nguyen Jenny , Esener Sadik , Nimmerjahn Axel , Sirbuly Donald J.
Published: June 2022

Central to advancing our understanding of neural circuits is developing minimally invasive, multi-modal interfaces capable of simultaneously recording and modulating neural activity. Recent devices have focused on matching the mechanical compliance of tissue to reduce inflammatory responses. However, reductions in the size of multi-modal interfaces are needed to further improve biocompatibility and long-term recording capabilities. Here a multi-modal coaxial microprobe design with a minimally invasive footprint (8–14 µm diameter over millimeter lengths) that enables efficient electrical and optical interrogation of neural networks is presented. In the brain, the probes allowed robust electrical measurement and optogenetic stimulation. Scalable fabrication strategies can be used with various electrical and optical materials, making the probes highly customizable to experimental requirements, including length, diameter, and mechanical properties. Given their negligible inflammatory response, these probes promise to enable a new generation of readily tunable multi-modal devices for long-term, minimally invasive interfacing with neural circuits.
Linear response theory of open systems with exceptional points
Authors: Hashemi A. , Busch K. , Christodoulides D. N. , Ozdemir S. K. , El-Ganainy R.
Published: June 2022

Understanding the linear response of any system is the first step towards analyzing its linear and nonlinear dynamics, stability properties, as well as its behavior in the presence of noise. In non-Hermitian Hamiltonian systems, calculating the linear response is complicated due to the non-orthogonality of their eigenmodes, and the presence of exceptional points (EPs). Here, we derive a closed form series expansion of the resolvent associated with an arbitrary non-Hermitian system in terms of the ordinary and generalized eigenfunctions of the underlying Hamiltonian. This in turn reveals an interesting and previously overlooked feature of non-Hermitian systems, namely that their lineshape scaling is dictated by how the input (excitation) and output (collection) profiles are chosen. In particular, we demonstrate that a configuration with an EP of orderMcan exhibit a Lorentzian response or a super-Lorentzian response of orderMswithMs = 2, 3, …, M, depending on the choice of input and output channels.
Multilevel polarization switching in ferroelectric thin films
Authors: Sarott Martin F. , Rossell Marta D. , Fiebig Manfred , Trassin Morgan
Published: June 2022

Ferroic order is characterized by hystereses with two remanent states and therefore inherently binary. The increasing interest in materials showing non-discrete responses, however, calls for a paradigm shift towards continuously tunable remanent ferroic states. Device integration for oxide nanoelectronics furthermore requires this tunability at the nanoscale. Here we demonstrate that we can arbitrarily set the remanent ferroelectric polarization at nanometric dimensions. We accomplish this in ultrathin epitaxial PbZr0.52Ti0.48O3 films featuring a dense pattern of decoupled nanometric 180° domains with a broad coercive-field distribution. This multilevel switching is achieved by driving the system towards the instability at the morphotropic phase boundary. The phase competition near this boundary in combination with epitaxial strain increases the responsiveness to external stimuli and unlocks new degrees of freedom to nano-control the polarization. We highlight the technological benefits of non-binary switching by demonstrating a quasi-continuous tunability of the non-linear optical response and of tunnel electroresistance.
A streamlined platform for analyzing tera-scale DDA and DIA mass spectrometry data enables highly sensitive immunopeptidomics
Authors: Xin Lei , Qiao Rui , Chen Xin , Tran Hieu , Pan Shengying , Rabinoviz Sahar , Bian Haibo , He Xianliang , Morse Brenton , Shan Baozhen , Li Ming
Published: June 2022

Integrating data-dependent acquisition (DDA) and data-independent acquisition (DIA) approaches can enable highly sensitive mass spectrometry, especially for imunnopeptidomics applications. Here we report a streamlined platform for both DDA and DIA data analysis. The platform integrates deep learning-based solutions of spectral library search, database search, and de novo sequencing under a unified framework, which not only boosts the sensitivity but also accurately controls the specificity of peptide identification. Our platform identifies 5-30% more peptide precursors than other state-of-the-art systems on multiple benchmark datasets. When evaluated on immunopeptidomics datasets, we identify 1.7-4.1 and 1.4-2.2 times more peptides from DDA and DIA data, respectively, than previously reported results. We also discover six T-cell epitopes from SARS-CoV-2 immunopeptidome that might represent potential targets for COVID-19 vaccine development. The platform supports data formats from all major instruments and is implemented with the distributed high-performance computing technology, allowing analysis of tera-scale datasets of thousands of samples for clinical applications.
Rapid and up-scalable manufacturing of gigahertz nanogap diodes
Authors: Loganathan Kalaivanan , Faber Hendrik , Yengel Emre , Seitkhan Akmaral , Bakytbekov Azamat , Yarali Emre , Adilbekova Begimai , AlBatati Afnan , Lin Yuanbao , Felemban Zainab , Yang Shuai , Li Weiwei , Georgiadou Dimitra G. , Shamim Atif , Lidorikis Elefterios , Anthopoulos Thomas D.
Published: June 2022

The massive deployment of fifth generation and internet of things technologies requires precise and high-throughput fabrication techniques for the mass production of radio frequency electronics. We use printable indium-gallium-zinc-oxide semiconductor in spontaneously formed self-aligned <10 nm nanogaps and flash-lamp annealing to demonstrate rapid manufacturing of nanogap Schottky diodes over arbitrary size substrates operating in 5 G frequencies. These diodes combine low junction capacitance with low turn-on voltage while exhibiting cut-off frequencies (intrinsic) of >100 GHz. Rectifier circuits constructed with these co-planar diodes can operate at ~47 GHz (extrinsic), making them the fastest large-area electronic devices demonstrated to date.
Viral coinfection promotes tuberculosis immunopathogenesis by type I IFN signaling-dependent impediment of Th1 cell pulmonary influx
Authors: Kang Tae Gun , Kwon Kee Woong , Kim Kyungsoo , Lee Insuk , Kim Myeong Joon , Ha Sang-Jun , Shin Sung Jae
Published: June 2022

Tuberculosis (TB), caused by Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb), is often exacerbated upon coinfection, but the underlying immunological mechanisms remain unclear. Here, to elucidate these mechanisms, we use an Mtb and lymphocytic choriomeningitis virus coinfection model. Viral coinfection significantly suppresses Mtb-specific IFN-γ production, with elevated bacterial loads and hyperinflammation in the lungs. Type I IFN signaling blockade rescues the Mtb-specific IFN-γ response and ameliorates lung immunopathology. Single-cell sequencing, tissue immunofluorescence staining, and adoptive transfer experiments indicate that viral infection-induced type I IFN signaling could inhibit CXCL9/10 production in myeloid cells, ultimately impairing pulmonary migration of Mtb-specific CD4+ T cells. Thus, our study suggests that augmented and sustained type I IFNs by virus coinfection prior to the pulmonary localization of Mtb-specific Th1 cells exacerbates TB immunopathogenesis by impeding the Mtb-specific Th1 cell influx. Our study highlights a negative function of viral coinfection-induced type I IFN responses in delaying Mtb-specific Th1 responses in the lung.
Salivary gland organoid culture maintains distinct glandular properties of murine and human major salivary glands
Authors: Yoon Yeo-Jun , Kim Donghyun , Tak Kwon Yong , Hwang Seungyeon , Kim Jisun , Sim Nam Suk , Cho Jae-Min , Choi Dojin , Ji Youngmi , Hur Junho K. , Kim Hyunki , Park Jong-Eun , Lim Jae-Yol
Published: June 2022

Salivary glands that produce and secrete saliva, which is essential for lubrication, digestion, immunity, and oral homeostasis, consist of diverse cells. The long-term maintenance of diverse salivary gland cells in organoids remains problematic. Here, we establish long-term murine and human salivary gland organoid cultures. Murine and human salivary gland organoids express gland-specific genes and proteins of acinar, myoepithelial, and duct cells, and exhibit gland functions when stimulated with neurotransmitters. Furthermore, human salivary gland organoids are established from isolated basal or luminal cells, retaining their characteristics. Single-cell RNA sequencing also indicates that human salivary gland organoids contain heterogeneous cell types and replicate glandular diversity. Our protocol also enables the generation of tumoroid cultures from benign and malignant salivary gland tumor types, in which tumor-specific gene signatures are well-conserved. In this study, we provide an experimental platform for the exploration of precision medicine in the era of tissue regeneration and anticancer treatment.
Integrating 3D genomic and epigenomic data to enhance target gene discovery and drug repurposing in transcriptome-wide association studies
Authors: Khunsriraksakul Chachrit , McGuire Daniel , Sauteraud Renan , Chen Fang , Yang Lina , Wang Lida , Hughey Jordan , Eckert Scott , Dylan Weissenkampen J. , Shenoy Ganesh , Marx Olivia , Carrel Laura , Jiang Bibo , Liu Dajiang J.
Published: June 2022

Transcriptome-wide association studies (TWAS) are popular approaches to test for association between imputed gene expression levels and traits of interest. Here, we propose an integrative method PUMICE (Prediction Using Models Informed by Chromatin conformations and Epigenomics) to integrate 3D genomic and epigenomic data with expression quantitative trait loci (eQTL) to more accurately predict gene expressions. PUMICE helps define and prioritize regions that harbor cis-regulatory variants, which outperforms competing methods. We further describe an extension to our method PUMICE +, which jointly combines TWAS results from single- and multi-tissue models. Across 79 traits, PUMICE + identifies 22% more independent novel genes and increases median chi-square statistics values at known loci by 35% compared to the second-best method, as well as achieves the narrowest credible interval size. Lastly, we perform computational drug repurposing and confirm that PUMICE + outperforms other TWAS methods.
Dynamic nucleosome landscape elicits a noncanonical GATA2 pioneer model
Authors: Li Tianbao , Liu Qi , Chen Zhong , Fang Kun , Huang Furong , Fu Xueqi , Wang Qianben , Jin Victor X.
Published: June 2022

Knowledge gaps remain on how nucleosome organization and dynamic reorganization are governed by specific pioneer factors in a genome-wide manner. In this study, we generate over three billons of multi-omics sequencing data to exploit dynamic nucleosome landscape governed by pioneer factors (PFs), FOXA1 and GATA2. We quantitatively define nine functional nucleosome states each with specific characteristic nucleosome footprints in LNCaP prostate cancer cells. Interestingly, we observe dynamic switches among nucleosome states upon androgen stimulation, accompanied by distinct differential (gained or lost) binding of FOXA1, GATA2, H1 as well as many other coregulators. Intriguingly, we reveal a noncanonical pioneer model of GATA2 that it initially functions as a PF binding at the edge of a nucleosome in an inaccessible crowding array. Upon androgen stimulation, GATA2 re-configures an inaccessible to accessible nucleosome state and subsequently acts as a master transcription factor either directly or recruits signaling specific transcription factors to enhance WNT signaling in an androgen receptor (AR)-independent manner. Our data elicit a pioneer and master dual role of GATA2 in mediating nucleosome dynamics and enhancing downstream signaling pathways. Our work offers structural and mechanistic insight into the dynamics of pioneer factors governing nucleosome reorganization.
Novel homozygous nonsense mutation of MLIP and compensatory alternative splicing
Authors: Mezreani Jean , Audet Sébastien , Martin Florence , Charbonneau Jade , Triassi Valérie , Bareke Eric , Laplante Annie , Karamchandani Jason , Massie Rami , Chalk Colin H. , O’Ferrall Erin , Tétreault Martine
Published: June 2022

Despite the growing accessibility of clinical sequencing, functional interpretation of variants remains a major hurdle to molecular diagnostics of Mendelian diseases. We aimed to describe a new adult-onset myopathy with muscle weakness and hyperCKemia caused by a nonsense variant in muscular LMNA-interacting protein (MLIP). Following RNA-sequencing, differential expression analysis uncovered a significant downregulation of this gene, which had a surprisingly mild effect on MLIP protein expression. RT-PCR and long-read sequencing (LRS) both support an important transcriptome shift in the patient, where decreased MLIP levels are seemingly due to nonsense-mediated decay of transcripts containing the exon 5 mutation. Moreover, a compensatory mechanism upregulates the functionally lacking isoforms and generates novel transcripts. These results support the recently discovered clinical implications of MLIP variants in myopathies, highlighting for the first time its relevance in adult-onset cases. These results also underline the power of LRS as a tool for the functional assessment of variants of unknown significance (VUS), as well as the definition of accurate isoform profile annotations in a tissue-specific manner.
Impairment of 7F2 osteoblast function by simulated partial gravity in a Random Positioning Machine
Authors: Braveboy-Wagner Justin , Lelkes Peter I.
Published: June 2022

The multifaceted adverse effects of reduced gravity pose a significant challenge to human spaceflight. Previous studies have shown that bone formation by osteoblasts decreases under microgravity conditions, both real and simulated. However, the effects of partial gravity on osteoblasts’ function are less well understood. Utilizing the software-driven newer version of the Random Positioning Machine (RPMSW), we simulated levels of partial gravity relevant to future manned space missions: Mars (0.38 G), Moon (0.16 G), and microgravity (Micro, ~10−3 G). Short-term (6 days) culture yielded a dose-dependent reduction in proliferation and the enzymatic activity of alkaline phosphatase (ALP), while long-term studies (21 days) showed a distinct dose-dependent inhibition of mineralization. By contrast, expression levels of key osteogenic genes (Alkaline phosphatase, Runt-related Transcription Factor 2, Sparc/osteonectin) exhibited a threshold behavior: gene expression was significantly inhibited when the cells were exposed to Mars-simulating partial gravity, and this was not reduced further when the cells were cultured under simulated Moon or microgravity conditions. Our data suggest that impairment of cell function with decreasing simulated gravity levels is graded and that the threshold profile observed for reduced gene expression is distinct from the dose dependence observed for cell proliferation, ALP activity, and mineral deposition. Our study is of relevance, given the dearth of research into the effects of Lunar and Martian gravity for forthcoming space exploration.
Moldable and transferrable conductive nanocomposites for epidermal electronics
Authors: Namkoong Myeong , Guo Heng , Rahman Md Saifur , Wang Daniel , Pfeil Cassandra Jane , Hager Sophia , Tian Limei
Published: June 2022

Skin-inspired soft and stretchable electronic devices based on functional nanomaterials have broad applications such as health monitoring, human–machine interface, and the Internet of things. Solution-processed conductive nanocomposites have shown great promise as a building block of soft and stretchable electronic devices. However, realizing conductive nanocomposites with high conductivity, electromechanical stability, and low modulus over a large area at sub-100 μm resolution remains challenging. Here, we report a moldable, transferrable, high-performance conductive nanocomposite comprised of an interpenetrating network of silver nanowires and poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene): poly(styrenesulfonate). The stacked structure of the nanocomposite synergistically integrates the complementary electrical and mechanical properties of the individual components. We patterned the nanocomposite via a simple, low-cost micromolding process and then transferred the patterned large-area electrodes onto various substrates to realize soft, skin-interfaced electrophysiological sensors. Electrophysiological signals measured using the nanocomposite electrodes exhibit a higher signal-to-noise ratio than standard gel electrodes. The nanocomposite design and fabrication approach presented here can be broadly employed for soft and stretchable electronic devices.
Evaluating the policy of closing bars and restaurants in Cataluña and its effects on mobility and COVID19 incidence
Authors: Smith Matthew , Ponce-de-Leon Miguel , Valencia Alfonso
Published: June 2022

The world has gone through unprecedented changes since the global pandemic hit. During the early phase of the pandemic, the absence of known drugs or pharmaceutical treatments forced governments to introduce different policies in order to help reduce contagion rates and manage the economic consequences of the pandemic. This paper analyses the causal impact on mobility and COVID19 incidence from policy makers in Cataluña, Spain. We use anonymized phone-based mobility data together with reported incidence and apply a series of causal impact models frequently used in econometrics and policy evaluation in order to measure the policies impact. We analyse the case of Cataluña and the public policy decision of closing all bars and restaurants down for a 5 week period between 2020-16-10 and 2020-23-11. We find that this decision led to a significant reduction in mobility. It not only led to reductions in mobility but from a behavioural economics standpoint, we highlight how people responded to the policy decision. Moreover, the policy of closing bars and restaurants slowed the incidence rate of COVID19 after a time lag has been taken into account. These findings are significant since governments worldwide want to restrict movements of people in order to slow down COVID19 incidence without infringing on their rights directly.
A global network model of abiotic phosphorus cycling on Earth through time
Authors: Jusino-Maldonado Marcos , Rianço-Silva Rafael , Mondal Javed Akhter , Pasek Matthew , Laneuville Matthieu , Cleaves H. James
Published: June 2022

Phosphorus (P) is a crucial structural component of living systems and central to modern bioenergetics. P cycles through terrestrial geochemical reservoirs via complex physical and chemical processes. Terrestrial life has altered these fluxes between reservoirs as it evolved, which is why it is of interest to explore planetary P flux evolution in the absence of biology. This is especially true, since environmental P availability affects life’s ability to alter other geochemical cycles, which could then be an example of niche construction. Understanding how P reservoir transport affects environmental P availability helps parameterize how the evolution of P reservoirs influenced the emergence of life on Earth, and potentially other planetary bodies. Geochemical P fluxes likely change as planets evolve, and element cycling models that take those changes into account can provide insights on how P fluxes evolve abiotically. There is considerable uncertainty in many aspects of modern and historical global P cycling, including Earth’s initial P endowment and distribution after core formation and how terrestrial P interactions between reservoirs and fluxes and their rates have evolved over time. We present here a dynamical box model for Earth’s abiological P reservoir and flux evolution. This model suggests that in the absence of biology, long term planetary geochemical cycling on planets similar to Earth with respect to geodynamism tends to bring P to surface reservoirs, and biology, including human civilization, tends to move P to subductable marine reservoirs.