bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Production of antiviral “OP7 chimera” defective interfering particles free of infectious virus
Authors: Pelz Lars , Dogra Tanya , Marichal-Gallardo Pavel , Hein Marc Dominique , Hemissi Ghada , Kupke Sascha Young , Genzel Yvonne , Reichl Udo
Published: January 2024

Defective interfering particles (DIPs) of influenza A virus (IAV) are suggested for use as broad-spectrum antivirals. We discovered a new type of IAV DIP named “OP7” that carries point mutations in its genome segment (Seg) 7 instead of a deletion as in conventional DIPs (cDIPs). Recently, using genetic engineering tools, we generated “OP7 chimera DIPs” that carry point mutations in Seg 7 plus a deletion in Seg 1. Together with cDIPs, OP7 chimera DIPs were produced in shake flasks in the absence of infectious standard virus (STV), rendering UV inactivation unnecessary. However, only part of the virions harvested were OP7 chimera DIPs (78.7%) and total virus titers were relatively low. Here, we describe the establishment of an OP7 chimera DIP production process applicable for large-scale production. To increase total virus titers, we reduced temperature from 37 to 32 °C during virus replication. Production of almost pure OP7 chimera DIP preparations (99.7%) was achieved with a high titer of 3.24 log10(HAU/100 µL). This corresponded to an 11-fold increase relative to the initial process. Next, this process was transferred to a stirred tank bioreactor resulting in comparable yields. Moreover, DIP harvests purified and concentrated by steric exclusion chromatography displayed an increased interfering efficacy in vitro. Finally, a perfusion process with perfusion rate control was established, resulting in a 79-fold increase in total virus yields compared to the original batch process in shake flasks. Again, a very high purity of OP7 chimera DIPs was obtained. This process could thus be an excellent starting point for good manufacturing practice production of DIPs for use as antivirals.

Key points

• Scalable cell culture-based process for highly effective antiviral OP7 chimera DIPs

• Production of almost pure OP7 chimera DIPs in the absence of infectious virus

• Perfusion mode production and purification train results in very high titers
Structural and functional characterization of a new thermophilic-like OYE from Aspergillus flavus
Authors: Li Na , Wang Yuan , Meng Yinyin , Lv Yangyong , Zhang Shuaibing , Wei Shan , Ma Pingan , Hu Yuansen , Lin Hui
Published: January 2024

Old yellow enzymes (OYEs) have been proven as powerful biocatalysts for the asymmetric reduction of activated alkenes. Fungi appear to be valuable sources of OYEs, but most of the fungal OYEs are unexplored. To expand the OYEs toolbox, a new thermophilic-like OYE (AfOYE1) was identified from Aspergillus flavus strain NRRL3357. The thermal stability analysis showed that the T1/2 of AfOYE1 was 60 °C, and it had the optimal temperature at 45 °C. Moreover, AfOYE1 exhibited high reduction activity in a wide pH range (pH 5.5–8.0). AfOYE1 could accept cyclic enones, acrylamide, nitroalkenes, and α, β-unsaturated aldehydes as substrates and had excellent enantioselectivity toward prochiral alkenes (> 99% ee). Interestingly, an unexpected (S)-stereoselectivity bioreduction toward 2-methylcyclohexenone was observed. The further crystal structure of AfOYE1 revealed that the “cap” region from Ala132 to Thr182, the loop of Ser316 to Gly325, α short helix of Arg371 to Gln375, and the C-terminal “finger” structure endow the catalytic cavity of AfOYE1 quite deep and narrow, and flavin mononucleotide (FMN) heavily buried at the bottom of the active site tunnel. Furthermore, the catalytic mechanism of AfOYE1 was also investigated, and the results confirmed that the residues His211, His214, and Tyr216 compose its catalytic triad. This newly identified thermophilic-like OYE would thus be valuable for asymmetric alkene hydrogenation in industrial processes.

Key points

A new thermophilic-like OYE AfOYE1 was identified from Aspergillus flavus, and the T1/2of AfOYE1 was 60 °C

AfOYE1 catalyzed the reduction of 2-methylcyclohexenone with (S)-stereoselectivity

The crystal structure of AfOYE1 was revealedv
A novel, robust peptidyl-lys metalloendopeptidase from Trametes coccinea recombinantly expressed in Komagataella phaffii
Authors: Ahmed Uzair , Stadelmann Tobias , Heid Daniel , Würtz Berit , Pfannstiel Jens , Ochsenreither Katrin , Eisele Thomas
Published: January 2024

A novel peptidyl-lys metalloendopeptidase (Tc-LysN) from Tramates coccinea was recombinantly expressed in Komagataella phaffii using the native pro-protein sequence. The peptidase was secreted into the culture broth as zymogen (~38 kDa) and mature enzyme (~19.8 kDa) simultaneously. The mature Tc-LysN was purified to homogeneity with a single step anion-exchange chromatography at pH 7.2. N-terminal sequencing using TMTpro Zero and mass spectrometry of the mature Tc-LysN indicated that the pro-peptide was cleaved between the amino acid positions 184 and 185 at the Kex2 cleavage site present in the native pro-protein sequence. The pH optimum of Tc-LysN was determined to be 5.0 while it maintained ≥60% activity between pH values 4.5—7.5 and ≥30% activity between pH values 8.5—10.0, indicating its broad applicability. The temperature maximum of Tc-LysN was determined to be 60 °C. After 18 h of incubation at 80 °C, Tc-LysN still retained ~20% activity. Organic solvents such as methanol and acetonitrile, at concentrations as high as 40% (v/v), were found to enhance Tc-LysN’s activity up to ~100% and ~50%, respectively. Tc-LysN’s thermostability, ability to withstand up to 8 M urea, tolerance to high concentrations of organic solvents, and an acidic pH optimum make it a viable candidate to be employed in proteomics workflows in which alkaline conditions might pose a challenge. The nano-LC-MS/MS analysis revealed bovine serum albumin (BSA)’s sequence coverage of 84% using Tc-LysN which was comparable to the sequence coverage of 90% by trypsin peptides.

Key points

•A novel LysN from Trametes coccinea (Tc-LysN) was expressed in Komagataella phaffii and purified to homogeneity

•Tc-LysN is thermostable, applicable over a broad pH range, and tolerates high concentrations of denaturants

•Tc-LysN was successfully applied for protein digestion and mass spectrometry fingerprinting
Outcome and complication rate of total hip arthroplasty in patients younger than twenty years: which bearing surface should be used?
Authors: Kang Sang Yoon , Ko Young-Seung , Kim Hong Seok , Yoo Jeong Joon
Published: January 2024

Purpose

Total hip arthroplasty (THA) in younger patients remains controversial due to concerns regarding long-term implant survival and potential complications. This study aimed to evaluate long-term clinical outcomes, complications, differences in complication and revision rates by bearing surfaces, and Kaplan–Meier survival curves for THA in patients under 20 years old.

Methods

A retrospective review was conducted for 65 patients (78 hips) who underwent THA between 1991 and 2018. Their mean age was 18.9 years. Their clinical outcomes were assessed using the Harris Hip Score (HHS). Radiological outcomes were evaluated based on the presence of loosening, osteolysis, and heterotopic ossification. Complications such as dislocation, periprosthetic fractures, and infections were assessed. The mean follow-up period was 13.2 years (range, 5.0–31.2 years).

Results

The mean HHS improved from 44.6 to 90.1. There were two cases of dislocation. However, no periprosthetic fracture, deep infection, or ceramic component fracture was noted. There were 19 revisions of implants. Eighteen of 19 hips were operated with hard-on-soft bearings in the index surgery (p < 0.01). The 23-year survivorship was 97.8% for THA using ceramic-on-ceramic bearings, while the 31-year survivorship was 36.7% using hard-on-soft bearings.

Conclusion

THA in patients under 20 years old yielded promising clinical and radiological outcomes, although polyethylene-bearing-related concerns persisted. Previously operated patients with hard-on-soft bearing should be meticulously examined during the follow-up. As ceramic-on-ceramic bearing showed excellent survivorship in this particular cohort, we recommend the use of this articulation as the bearing of choice.
Automated MRI liver segmentation for anatomical segmentation, liver volumetry, and the extraction of radiomics
Authors: Gross Moritz , Huber Steffen , Arora Sandeep , Ze’evi Tal , Haider Stefan P. , Kucukkaya Ahmet S. , Iseke Simon , Kuhn Tom Niklas , Gebauer Bernhard , Michallek Florian , Dewey Marc , Vilgrain Valérie , Sartoris Riccardo , Ronot Maxime , Jaffe Ariel , Strazzabosco Mario , Chapiro Julius , Onofrey John A.
Published: January 2024

Objectives

To develop and evaluate a deep convolutional neural network (DCNN) for automated liver segmentation, volumetry, and radiomic feature extraction on contrast-enhanced portal venous phase magnetic resonance imaging (MRI).

Materials and methods

This retrospective study included hepatocellular carcinoma patients from an institutional database with portal venous MRI. After manual segmentation, the data was randomly split into independent training, validation, and internal testing sets. From a collaborating institution, de-identified scans were used for external testing. The public LiverHccSeg dataset was used for further external validation. A 3D DCNN was trained to automatically segment the liver. Segmentation accuracy was quantified by the Dice similarity coefficient (DSC) with respect to manual segmentation. A Mann-Whitney U test was used to compare the internal and external test sets. Agreement of volumetry and radiomic features was assessed using the intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC).

Results

In total, 470 patients met the inclusion criteria (63.9±8.2 years; 376 males) and 20 patients were used for external validation (41±12 years; 13 males). DSC segmentation accuracy of the DCNN was similarly high between the internal (0.97±0.01) and external (0.96±0.03) test sets (p=0.28) and demonstrated robust segmentation performance on public testing (0.93±0.03). Agreement of liver volumetry was satisfactory in the internal (ICC, 0.99), external (ICC, 0.97), and public (ICC, 0.85) test sets. Radiomic features demonstrated excellent agreement in the internal (mean ICC, 0.98±0.04), external (mean ICC, 0.94±0.10), and public (mean ICC, 0.91±0.09) datasets.

Conclusion

Automated liver segmentation yields robust and generalizable segmentation performance on MRI data and can be used for volumetry and radiomic feature extraction.

Clinical relevance statement

Liver volumetry, anatomic localization, and extraction of quantitative imaging biomarkers require accurate segmentation, but manual segmentation is time-consuming. A deep convolutional neural network demonstrates fast and accurate segmentation performance on T1-weighted portal venous MRI.

Key Points

• This deep convolutional neural network yields robust and generalizable liver segmentation performance on internal, external, and public testing data.

• Automated liver volumetry demonstrated excellent agreement with manual volumetry.

• Automated liver segmentations can be used for robust and reproducible radiomic feature extraction.
Pathways to paediatric urology subspecialisation: a study of casemix, incumbent attitudes and opinions
Authors: O’Kelly F. , t’Hoen L. A. , Banuelos Marco B. , Lammers R. J. M. , Sforza S. , Hiess M. , Bindi E. , Baydilli N. , Donmez M. I. , Paraboschi I. , Atwa A. , Spinoit A. F. , Haid B. , Silay S. ,   The EAU-YAU Paediatric Urology Working Group
Published: January 2024

Objective

To identify any self-reported differences or attitudes towards certification, publication, or practice patterns between adult urology and paediatric general surgery-trained paediatric urology providers. There are no known published differences in clinical/operative/research outcomes in either group.

Methods

An 18-item cross-sectional survey was compiled through the EAU Young Academic Urologists (YAU) office and disseminated to a trans-Atlantic convenience sample of current practising paediatric urologists. This was created using a mini-Delphi method to provide current semi-quantitative data relating to current opinions and attitudes of this cohort.

Results

A total of 228 respondents completed the survey, with female respondents representing 37% and 34% for urology and paediatric general surgery, respectively. Nearly 90% overall respondents felt that a full 2-year paediatric fellowship program was very important and 94% endorsed a collaborative dedicated paediatric urology on call service, with 92% supporting the joint development of transitional care. Urology managed higher numbers of bedwetting (p = 0.04), bladder bowel dysfunction (p = 0.02), endourological procedures (p = 0.04), and robotics (p = 0.04). Paediatric general surgery managed higher numbers of laparoscopic reconstruction (p = 0.03), and posterior urethral valve ablation (p = 0.002).

Conclusion

This study represents the first time that a cross-sectional cohort of paediatric urologists from different training backgrounds were compared to assess their productivity, practice patterns and attitudes. Paediatric urology is in a unique position to have two contributing specialities, with the ability to provide optimal transitional and lifelong care. We believe that there should be a strong emphasis on collaboration and to remove any historically-created barriers under policies of equity, diversity and inclusivity.
Navigating the complexities of encephalocraniocutaneous lipomatosis: a case series and review
Authors: Pavanello Marco , Piro Liliana , Roggero Arianna , Rossi Andrea , Cataldi Matteo , Piatelli Gianluca
Published: January 2024

Introduction

Encephalocraniocutaneous lipomatosis (ECCL) is a rare congenital syndrome with complex skin, eye, and central nervous system (CNS) symptoms. Diagnosis and treatment are challenging due to its rarity and diverse manifestations. It often involves issues like porencephalic cysts, cortical atrophy, and low-grade gliomas in the CNS, resulting in developmental delays. The spinal cord is frequently affected, leading to problems like medullary compression and radiculopathy, causing back pain and sensory/motor deficits. Surgical interventions are reserved for symptomatic cases to address hydrocephalus or alleviate spinal lipomas. This article reviews a case series to assess surgical risks and neurological outcomes.

Case series

We present a case series ECCL, focusing on the diffuse lipomatosis of the spinal cord and the intricate surgical procedures involved. A multi-stage surgical approach was adopted, with continuous neuromonitoring employed to safeguard motor pathways. We discuss clinical characteristics, imaging studies, and indications for neurosurgical interventions.

Discussion

ECCL is a complex syndrome. Diagnosis is challenging and includes clinical evaluation, neuroimaging, and genetic testing. Treatment targets specific symptoms, often requiring surgery for issues like lipomas or cerebral cysts. Surgery involves laminectomies, spinal fusion, and motor pathway monitoring. Thorough follow-up is crucial due to potential CNS complications like low-grade gliomas. Hydrocephalus occurs in some cases, with endoscopic third ventriculostomy (ETV) preferred over ventriculoperitoneal shunt placement.

Conclusion

Neurosurgery for ECCL is for symptomatic cases. ETV is preferred for hydrocephalus, while the treatment for lipoma is based on the presence of symptoms; the follow-up should assess growth and prevent deformities.
Prevalence, clinical characteristics, and risk factors of intracerebral haemorrhage in CADASIL: a case series and systematic review
Authors: Sukhonpanich Nontapat , Markus Hugh S.
Published: January 2024

Background

Cerebral autosomal dominant arteriopathy with subcortical infarcts and leukoencephalopathy (CADASIL) is the most common monogenic form of stroke and is characterised by early onset stroke and dementia. Most strokes are lacunar ischaemic strokes, but intracerebral haemorrhage (ICH) has also been reported, although there are limited published data on its frequency and characteristics.

Methods

A retrospective review of a prospectively recruited CADASIL register from the British National Referral clinic was performed to identify acute ICH cases and their characteristics. In addition, a systematic review of ICH in CADASIL was performed. MEDLINE (Pubmed), Embase, and Web of Science were searched for articles published from inception until 31/05/2023.

Results

Ten cases of ICH were identified from the National clinic register of 516 symptomatic patients, giving an estimated point prevalence of 1.9%. An additional 119 cases were identified from the systematic review, comprising 129 cases and 142 ICH events in total. Including all identified cases, the mean age at onset of ICH was 56.6 ± 15.7 (SD) years, and 74 (57.4%) were male. ICH was the first manifestation of the disease in 32 patients (38.1%), and ICH recurrence occurred in 16 (12.4%). Most ICHs were subcortical, with the thalamus, 58 (40.8%), and basal ganglia, 34 (23.9%), being the commonest sites. Anticoagulation, but not antiplatelet agents, was associated with an increased risk of ICH (20.0% vs. 1.9%, p = 0.006).

Conclusions

ICH is a relatively rare manifestation of CADASIL, occurring in about 2% of symptomatic cases. Most of the haemorrhages occurred in the subcortical regions.
Flare levels after intravitreal injection of brolucizumab for diabetic macular edema
Authors: Ichihashi Yushi , Takamura Yoshihiro , Hirano Takao , Shimura Masahiko , Yoneda Keisuke , Konno Keiichiro , Yamada Yutaka , Morioka Masakazu , Gozawa Makoto , Matsumura Takehiro , Inatani Masaru
Published: January 2024

Purpose

This study aimed to evaluate anterior flare intensity (AFI) after intravitreal injection of brolucizumab (IVBr) in patients with diabetic macular edema (DME), and to identify the factors associated with the change of AFI after IVBr.

Methods

This prospective multicenter study was conducted at five sites in Japan for patients with DME who underwent a single IVBr. AFI and central retinal thickness (CRT) were measured using a laser flare meter and spectral-domain optical coherence tomography, respectively, at weeks 0 and 6.

Results

Sixty-five patients (phakia, 37 eyes; pseudophakia, 28 eyes) were enrolled. Six weeks after IVBr, CRT and best-corrected visual acuity significantly improved (p < 0.0001). AFI (p = 0.0003) and age (p = 0.0054) were significantly higher in patients with pseudophakic eyes than those with phakic eyes. The AFI of the phakic eyes decreased after IVBr (p = 0.043). As the AFI before injection is higher (p = 0.0363) and the age is lower (p = 0.0016), the AFI decreases after IVBr. There was a significant positive correlation between the rates of change in CRT and AFI (p = 0.024).

Conclusion

After IVBr, AFI decreases in phakic eyes but not in pseudophakic eyes. The age, AFI and CRT before injection and changes of CRT are involved in the change in AFI after IVBr.
Gall-forming nematode, Anguina woodi (Nematoda: Anguinidae) and Chalcid wasp (Hymenoptera: Eurytomidae), on dune grass from the Western Cape, South Africa
Authors: Chauke T. R. , Malatji D. P. , Subbotin S. A. , Maseko Z. , Mamabolo M. M. , Swart A.
Published: January 2024

In 2021/2022, galls formed by a nematode, Anguina woodi, were found on the stems, leaves and leaf sheaths of dune grass, Ehrharta villosa var. villosa on Milnerton Beach, Blouberg Beach and Langebaan, Western Cape Province, South Africa. These galls were spongy in texture, deep purple to blackish in colour and non-pedunculate. They were found in clusters, but also as single entities. Larger, harder galls varying from beige to dark brown in colour, apparently caused by insects, were also found on the stems of dune grass at Blouberg Beach and Langebaan Nature Reserve. Some nematode galls were found immediately next to or on top of the insect galls. Those found on top of insect galls seemed to be harder and drier than those found on stems not infected by insect galls. The co-infection of insects and anguinid nematodes has not been reported from the current study areas and was thus included in the present study. Both molecular and morphological studies were conducted on the nematodes and wasps leading to the identification of a host specific, gall-forming nematode from all three localities. The wasps were identified morphologically and molecularly to the family Eurytomidae (Hymenoptera). No insect galls were found on dune grass from Milnerton Beach. The paper includes speculations on a probable association between nematodes and insects.
Widespread fracture movements during a volcano-tectonic unrest: the Reykjanes Peninsula, Iceland, from 2019–2021 TerraSAR-X interferometry
Authors: Ducrocq Cécile , Árnadóttir Thóra , Einarsson Páll , Jónsson Sigurjón , Drouin Vincent , Geirsson Halldór , Hjartardóttir Ásta Rut
Published: January 2024

Tectonic controls on dyke emplacements, eruption dynamics and locations have been observed in multiple volcanic areas worldwide. Mapping of active structures is therefore key for assessing potential tectonic and volcanic hazards in active regions. We used wrapped interferograms from the TerraSAR-X satellite to map active fracture movements over a 2-year period of a volcano-tectonic unrest at the onshore Reykjanes Peninsula plate boundary in SW Iceland. As of 1 December 2023, the unrest has included at least six inflation events and five dyke injections resulting in three eruptions of the Fagradalsfjall volcanic segment. In addition to the deformation associated with the 2019–2021 inflation events and intrusions, the interferograms reveal fracture movements over a wide area surrounding the active plate boundary segment. This first-order mapping of active fractures complements previously mapped structures, as InSAR allows for the detection of subtle ground movements, even in areas where young lava flows cover older structures. Our fracture data therefore fill in some of the apparent voids in previous fracture and fault maps of SW Iceland. Furthermore, our investigation reveals aseismic movement on previously unknown fractures directly beneath the town of Grindavík, as well as a N45$$^\circ $$

∘

 E striking fracture co-located with the longest lasting volcanic vent of the subsequent 2021 eruption. The mapping method we present in this study is relevant for active volcano-tectonic regions where InSAR can be applied to detect small-scale fracture movements to advance understanding of ongoing unrest and volcano-tectonic hazards.
The effectiveness of physiotherapy interventions on fecal incontinence and quality of life following colorectal surgery: a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials
Authors: Pun Ming Yan , Leung Pak Ho , Chan Tsz Ching , Pang Chunn , Chan Kin Hei , Kannan Priya
Published: January 2024

Purpose

To investigate the effectiveness of physiotherapy interventions compared to control conditions on fecal incontinence (FI) and quality of life (QoL) following colorectal surgery.

Methods

Electronic searches in English-language (Scopus, Web of Science, Embase, AMED, CENTRAL, CINAHL, MEDLINE, Ovid, and PEDro) and Chinese-language (CNKI, Wanfang Data) databases were conducted. Trials comparing physiotherapy interventions against control conditions and assessing FI and QoL outcomes were included in the review.

Results

Ten trials were included. Meta-analysis revealed statistically significant improvements in lifestyle (0.54; 95% CI 0.03, 1.05; p = 0.04), coping behavior (MD 1.136; 95% CI 0.24, 2.04; p = 0.01), and embarrassment (0.417; 95% CI 0.14, 0.70; p = 0.00) components of QoL among individuals receiving pelvic floor muscle training (PFMT) compared with those receiving usual care (UC). Meta-analysis showed biofeedback to be significantly more effective than UC in enhancing anal resting pressure (ARP; 9.551; 95% CI 2.60, 16.51; p = 0.007), maximum squeeze pressure (MSP; 25.29; 95% CI 4.08, 48.50; p = 0.02), and rectal resting pressure (RRP; 0.51; 95% CI 0.10, 0.9; p = 0.02). Meta-analysis also found PFMT combined with biofeedback to be significantly more effective than PFMT alone for ARP (3.00; 95% CI 0.40, 5.60; p = 0.02), MSP (9.35, 95% CI 0.17, 18.53; p = 0.05), and RRP (1.54; 95% CI 0.60, 2.47; p = 0.00).

Conclusions

PFMT combined with biofeedback was more effective than PFMT alone, but both interventions delivered alone were superior to UC. Future studies remain necessary to optimize and standardize the PFMT parameters for improving QoL among individuals who experience FI following CRC surgery.

Review registration

This systematic review is registered in the PROSPERO registry (Ref: CRD42022337084).
Design of an efficient neural network model for detection and classification of phase loss faults for three-phase induction motor
Authors: Dawood Ahmed , Hasaneen B. M. , Abdel-Aziz A. M.
Published: January 2024

In industrial applications, three-phase induction motors (IMs) are widely used, and they are subjected to many types of faults. One such fault is the loss of a motor phase caused by a blown fuse, a broken wire, mechanical damage, etc. When this fault occurs during motor operation, it continues to rotate but experiences rapid heating, which can ultimately lead to motor failure. Therefore, various protection devices are available to protect the motor against this fault, but most traditional protection devices do not offer a comprehensive classification of such a fault. So, in this paper, an efficient neural network model is presented for detecting and classifying 12 types of phase loss faults for a three-phase induction motor (IM) based on factors such as the unhealthy phase, fault location, and motor action modes (standstill, transient, and steady-state modes). Thus, the main goal of this work is to determine the motor mode during the fault, the defective phase, and its location to help the maintenance team repair the fault quickly. The system is simulated and tested using the “MATLAB/Simulink” software, employing a feed-forward neural network. The simulation results demonstrate that the proposed network achieves correct detection and classification of phase loss faults within a short time frame from the occurrence of the fault. Therefore, the proposed network model proves to be a simple and reliable solution for integration into the protection system of a three-phase IM, enabling the detection and classification of various phase loss faults.
Evolving trends in the surgical, anaesthetic, and intensive care management of acute spinal cord injuries in the UK
Authors: Asif Hasan , Tsan Samuel Ern Hung , Zoumprouli Argyro , Papadopoulos Marios C. , Saadoun Samira
Published: January 2024

Purpose

We surveyed the treatment of acute spinal cord injuries in the UK and compared current practices with 10 years ago.

Methods

A questionnaire survey was conducted amongst neurosurgeons, neuroanaesthetists, and neurointensivists that manage patients with acute spinal cord injuries. The survey gave two scenarios (complete and incomplete cervical spinal cord injuries). We obtained opinions on the speed of transfer, timing and aim of surgery, choice of anaesthetic, intraoperative monitoring, targets for physiological parameters, and drug treatments.

Results

We received responses from 78.6% of UK units that manage acute spinal cord injuries (33 neurosurgeons, 56 neuroanaesthetists/neurointensivists). Most neurosurgeons operate within 12 h for incomplete (82%) and complete (64%) injuries. There is a significant shift from 10 years ago, when only 61% (incomplete) and 30% (complete) of neurosurgeons operated within 12 h. The preferred anaesthetic technique in 2022 is total intravenous anaesthesia (TIVA), used by 69% of neuroanaesthetists. Significantly more intraoperative monitoring is now used at least sometimes, including bispectral index (91%), non-invasive cardiac output (62%), and neurophysiology (73–77%). Methylprednisolone is no longer used by surgeons. Achieving at least 80 mmHg mean arterial blood pressure is recommended by 70% neurosurgeons, 62% neuroanaesthetists, and 75% neurointensivists.

Conclusions

Between 2012 and 2022, there was a paradigm shift in managing acute spinal cord injuries in the UK with earlier surgery and more intraoperative monitoring. Variability in practice persists due to lack of high-quality evidence and consensus guidelines.
Salivary and serum asprosin hormone levels in the 2018 EFP/AAP classification of periodontitis stages and body mass index status: a case-control study
Authors: Gül Sema Nur Sevinç , Eminoğlu Didem Özkal , Laloğlu Esra , Aydın Tuğba , Dilsiz Alparslan
Published: January 2024

Objectives

A newly discovered adipokine known asprosin in serum and saliva in patients with periodontitis has not been explored. The aim of this study was to determine the relationship between serum and saliva asprosin levels and periodontitis by grouping it according to body mass index (BMI).

Materials and methods

The study was conducted on 65 systemically healthy patients (35 patients with periodontitis (periodontitis group), 30 periodontally healthy patients (control group)). In each patient, age, BMI, and clinical periodontal parameters (plaque index (PI), gingival index (GI), probing depth (PD), and clinical attachment level (CAL)) were evaluated. Statistical analyses were conducted utilizing the Student t-test, ANOVA, and Pearson correlation analysis. For the significance level of the tests, p<0.05 were accepted.

Results

The serum and saliva were collected to assess asprosin levels. Both the serum and saliva asprosin levels were statistically significantly higher in the periodontitis group than in the control group (p<0.001). Saliva and serum asprosin levels were directly proportional to the severity of the periodontal disease (p<0.05). Asprosin levels were higher in patients with a higher BMI (p<0.05).

Conclusion

Asprosin levels were increased in periodontitis, and even a high BMI status apparently affected the levels of this hormone. It is thought that asprosin may be a useful biomarker in evaluating the relationship between periodontal status and BMI.

Clinical relevance

Asprosin may be a useful parameter as a biomarker of periodontal disease progression. However, BMI status should be considered when evaluating asprosin levels in patients with periodontitis.
A bibliometric and Altmetric analysis of the 100 top most cited articles on dentin adhesives
Authors: Karabay Ferda , Demirci Mustafa , Tuncer Safa , Tekçe Neslihan , Berkman Meriç
Published: January 2024

Objective

This study aimed to identify the 100 top-cited articles on dentin adhesives utilizing comprehensive bibliometric and altmetric analyses.

Materials and methods

The Institute of Scientific Information Web of Knowledge database was used to compile the top-cited articles published from 1945 through February 12, 2023. Citation counts were manually retrieved for each article from Scopus, Google Scholar, Dimensions, and Altmetric. The articles were analyzed in terms of their number of citations, year, journal name, author (name, institution, and country), and type and specific field of study. We used descriptive statistics to summarize the results.

Results

The analysis revealed that the top 100 cited articles originated from 18 English-language journals and collectively accumulated a remarkable 34526 citations. The article with the highest number of citations garnered 1288 references. Among authors, Van Meerbeek B. stood out with nine articles and 4650 citations, followed by Pashley D.H. with six articles and 2769 citations. Japan was the leading contributor by country, while the Catholic University of Leuven led in terms of institutions with 20 articles.

Conclusion

According to this study, basic research and review articles garnered the most citations, respectively. The citation analysis revealed different trends for researchers, the first being that researchers have focused on basic fields such as the ultramorphology of dentin and adhesive interfaces, followed by bond strength to dentin. Two studies on clinical experiences suggested that studies with high-level evidence, such as systematic reviews, meta-analyses, or randomized controlled clinical trials, are required.

Clinical relevance

It is identified that more studies with high-level evidence-based research are needed in the field of dental adhesives.
Developing a framework for heterotopias as discursive playgrounds: a comparative analysis of non-immersive and immersive technologies
Authors: Korkut Elif Hilal , Surer Elif
Published: January 2024

The discursive space represents the reordering of knowledge gained through accumulation. In the digital age, multimedia has become the language of information, and the space for archival practices is provided by non-immersive technologies, resulting in the disappearance of several layers from discursive activities. Heterotopias are unique, multilayered epistemic contexts that connect other systems through the exchange of information. This paper describes a process to create a framework for Virtual Reality, Mixed Reality, and personal computer environments based on heterotopias to provide absent layers. This study provides virtual museum space as an informational terrain that contains a “world within worlds” and presents place production as a layer of heterotopia and the subject of discourse. Automation for the individual multimedia content is provided via various sorting and grouping algorithms, and procedural content generation algorithms such as Binary Space Partitioning, Cellular Automata, Growth Algorithm, and Procedural Room Generation. Versions of the framework were comparatively evaluated through a user study involving 30 participants, considering factors such as usability, technology acceptance, and presence. The results of the study show that the framework can serve diverse contexts to construct multilayered digital habitats and is flexible for integration into professional and daily life practices.
A scope of presence-related feelings in AR studies
Authors: Marto Anabela , Gonçalves Alexandrino
Published: January 2024

The idiosyncrasies of augmented reality bring us advantages, as shown in literature, and a great assortment of options. On the other hand, due to its relationship with the real surroundings, it may be a challenge to deal with when evaluating these systems, especially if the intention is to understand feelings of presence-like: There are a lot of variables in the equation. This study aims to analyse a state of the art of AR evaluations that conducted presence-related feelings and discusses limitations and remarks for further research. The current research is able to state that questionnaires are the most used tool to ascertain presence-like feelings, and that mobile devices have been the preferred device to implement AR applications. The studies are fairly divided between 1) analysing a single scenario to ascertain the variable at study, and 2) creating two or more scenarios to make a comparison. When comparing two or more scenarios, a between-subjects design is preferred among researchers. Additionally, it has been identified as of paramount importance the need to study and objectively measuring the ratio between the virtual content and the real scenario in the experience, as well as to deeply research the interaction between the real scenario and the virtual elements. The importance of the types of interaction in AR applications is also highlighted.
Laser acupuncture and photobiomodulation therapy in Bell’s palsy with a duration of greater than 8 weeks: a randomized controlled trial
Authors: Wu Dong , Lan Xin , Litscher Gerhard , Zhao Yan-Ling , Wu Yun-Qing , Dai Ru-Jun , Cao Kai , Wang Yu , Chen Lu-Quan
Published: January 2024

To investigate the efficacy of laser acupuncture and photobiomodulation therapy in alleviating symptoms among patients diagnosed with Bell’s palsy with duration of greater than 8 weeks. The randomized controlled trial has been performed from May 2021 to April 2023. Patients were eligible who had Bell’s palsy with duration of greater than 8 weeks on out-patient Department of Otorhinolaryngology in Beijing Tongren Hospital. The laser acupuncture group received class IV laser treatment for 3 times per weeks, a total of 72 times. The control group received the same treatment procedure except the laser parameter. The primary outcome measures comprised House–Brackmann facial nerve grading system and electroneurography. Secondary outcome measures comprised Sunnybrook facial grading system, electromyography, and the blink reflex. A total of 84 participants were included (42 control group, 42 laser acupuncture group). After treatment, House–Brackmann facial nerve grading system (OR, 0.11; 95% CI, 0.04–0.30; P < 0.001), and the pathologic numbers of electroneuronography were statistically different between the laser acupuncture group and control group, including orbicularis oculi (OR,0.08; 95% CI, 0.02–0.21; P < 0.001), Frontalis muscle (OR,0.14; 95% CI, 0.05–0.39; P < 0.001), Orbicularis oris (OR,0.13; 95% CI, 0.04–0.36; P < 0.001), Ala nasi muscle (OR,0.06; 95% CI, 0.02–0.18; P < 0.001). In secondary outcomes, Sunnybrook facial grading system, has significant difference between the two groups (20.26; 95% CI, 14.69 to 25.83; P < 0.01). Latency by ENoG, include orbicularis oculi (-0.61; 95% CI, -0.43 to -0.09; P < 0.001), frontalis muscle (-0.12; 95% CI, -0.21 to -0.03; P < 0.01), orbicularis oris (-0.28; 95% CI, -0.41 to -0.16; P < 0.001), and ala nasi muscle (-0.26; 95% CI, -0.38 to -0.16; P < 0.001). All amplitudes of MUAPs and durations by electromyography (EMG) showed statistically significant differences compared with the control group after treatment. For the frontalis muscle, the amplitude of MUAPs was -64.23 (95% CI, -80.89 to -47.56; P < 0.001) and duration was -1.18 (95% CI, -1.49 to -0.87; P < 0.001). For orbicularis oris, amplitude of MUAPs was -29.82 (95% CI, -55.03 to -4.62; P = 0.02) and duration was -0.57 (95% CI, -0.94 to -0.20; P < 0.001). For depressor angulli oris, amplitude of MUAPs was -47.06 (95% CI, -62.15 to -31.97; P < 0.001) and duration was -2.21 (95% CI, -2.69 to -1.72; P < 0.001). Blink reflex, including R1 (OR, 0.03; 95% CI, 0.01–0.16; P < .001), R2 (OR, 0.04; 95% CI, 0.004–0.29; P < .001), and R2 latency differences (OR, 0.15; 95% CI, 0.05–0.51; P < .001), have significant difference between the two groups, respectively. The findings suggest that laser acupuncture relieve symptoms for patients with Bell’s palsy with a duration of greater than 8 weeks.

Trial registration: ClinicalTrials.gov Identifier: NCT05846217.
Ancient solutions and translators of Lagrangian mean curvature flow
Authors: Lotay Jason D. , Schulze Felix , Székelyhidi Gábor
Published: January 2024

Suppose that ℳ is an almost calibrated, exact, ancient solution of Lagrangian mean curvature flow in $\mathbf {C} ^{n}$

C
n

. We show that if ℳ has a blow-down given by the static union of two Lagrangian subspaces with distinct Lagrangian angles that intersect along a line, then ℳ is a translator. In particular in $\mathbf {C} ^{2}$

C
2

, all almost calibrated, exact, ancient solutions of Lagrangian mean curvature flow with entropy less than 3 are special Lagrangian, a union of planes, or translators.
Compatibility of soil application of Metarhizium brunneum and cover crops against Ceratitis capitata soil-dwelling stages
Authors: Cruz-Miralles Joaquín , Garrido-Jurado Inmaculada , Yousef-Yousef Meelad , Ibáñez-Gual M. Victoria , Dembilio Óscar , Quesada-Moraga Enrique , Jaques Josep A.
Published: January 2024

Fruit fly ground-dwelling stages (late third instar larvae, pupae, and teneral adults) are susceptible to predation from generalist ground-dwelling predators and to infection by entomopathogenic fungi (EPF). The effect of predators can be enhanced with cover crops and that of EPF by augmentative releases. However, whether these two biological control methods could be combined has not been studied under field conditions yet. Here, we studied in the field whether the enhanced activity of predators against the medfly, Ceratitis capitata, already observed in a Lolium arundinaceum ground cover could be impaired by a soil application of Metarhizium brunneum. Our results show that C. capitata adult emergence was reduced by this EPF for up to three months after fungal application, with the combination of the cover and M. brunneum being the most effective at reducing C. capitata emergence relative to bare soil (92.5% reduction). Although M. brunneum reduced the activity density of ground-dwelling predatory beetles up to 93 days after application, it showed no clear negative effects on earwigs, no effects on spiders, and a positive effect on ants up to 65 days after application. Therefore, the combined use of a ground cover of L. arundinaceum and M. brunneum against the soil-dwelling stages of C. capitata seems to work synergistically and appears as a strong and sustainable control tactic against the medfly and other fruit orchard pests.
The Median Isn’t the Message: soil nutrient hot spots have a disproportionate influence on biogeochemical structure across years, seasons, and depths
Authors: Barnes Morgan E. , Johnson Dale W. , Hart Stephen C.
Published: January 2024

Soil nutrient distribution is heterogeneous in space and time, potentially altering nutrient acquisition by trees and microorganisms. Ecologists have distinguished “hot spots” (HSs) as areas with enhanced and sustained rates of nutrient fluxes relative to the surrounding soil matrix. We evaluated the spatial and temporal patterns in nutrient flux HSs in two mixed-conifer forest soils by repeatedly sampling the soil solution at the same spatial locations (horizontally and vertically) over multiple seasons and years using ion exchange resins incubated in situ. The climate of these forests is Mediterranean, with intense fall rains occurring following summers with little precipitation, and highly variable winter snowfall. Hot spots formed most often for NO3−and Na+. Although nutrient HSs often occurred in the same spatial location multiple times, HSs persisted more often for PO43−NH4+, and NO3−, and were more transient for Ca2+, Mg2+, and Na+. Sampling year (annual precipitation ranged from 558 to 1223 mm) impacted the occurrence of HSs for most nutrients, but season was only significant for PO43−, NH4+, NO3−, and Na+, with HSs forming more often after fall rains than after spring snowmelt. The frequency of HSs significantly decreased with soil depth for all nutrients, forming most commonly immediately below the surficial organic horizon. Although HSs accounted for less than 17% of the sampling volume, they were responsible for 56–88% of PO43−, NH4+, and NO3−resin fluxes. Our results suggest that macronutrient HSs have a disproportional contribution to soil biogeochemical structure, with implications for vegetation nutrient acquisition strategies and biogeochemical models.

Graphical abstract
Synthesis and characterization of cellulose derivatives for enhanced antimicrobial activity
Authors: Echeverría Coro , Arnaldos-Pérez Irene , Barranco Rosa , Muñoz-Bonilla Alexandra , Fernández-García Marta
Published: January 2024

The need for biodegradable materials has driven the exploration of natural and biobased polymers, with cellulose emerging as a promising option due to its abundance and environmental sustainability. However, cellulose lacks inherent antimicrobial activity, prompting researchers to explore various strategies. In this work, the permanent covalent chemical modification of microcrystalline cellulose with 1-methylimidazole is reported to provide cellulose with antimicrobial properties. The modifications were confirmed using solid-state 13C-NMR and Fourier Transform Infrared (FT-IR) spectroscopies. The analysis from 13C-NMR and elemental analysis also confirmed the successful of the chemical modification occurred at C6 after chlorination with an estimated degree of substitution of 17%. The surface charge density of this cellulosic derivative was determined using ζ potential measurements, which confirmed its cationization. The crystalline and thermal properties of the resulting cellulose derivative were evaluated using X-ray diffraction and thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), respectively. Finally, the antimicrobial activity of the obtained cationic cellulose was assessed against both Gram-positive (Staphylococcus epidermidis) and Gram-negative (Pseudomona aeruginosa) bacteria, giving a reduction of > 99.99% and 99.6%, respectively.
Efficacy of Remote Cognitive Behavioural Therapy for Insomnia in Improving Health Status of Patients with Insomnia Symptoms: A Meta-analysis
Authors: Xu Dawei , Li Zhanjiang , Leitner Unnah , Sun Jing
Published: January 2024

Background

Insomnia is highly prevalent and cognitive behavioural therapy is the first-line treatment for it. This study aimed to assess the efficacy of remote cognitive behavioural therapy for insomnia, specifically, treatment fully delivered through the internet, mobile phones and telephones for sleep and other health outcomes in adults diagnosed with insomnia or reporting insomnia symptoms. This study also aimed to evaluate the effect of various intervention components as subgroup variables to explain the efficacy of remote cognitive behavioural therapy on health outcomes.

Methods

Randomised controlled trial studies were obtained from five electronic databases. The PEDro scale was used to assess the quality of the studies. A random effect model was used to assess the mean difference, standardised mean difference and standard deviation of the outcome variables. Heterogeneity among the study articles was assessed using I2 and Q tests. Egger regression analysis was used to assess publication bias.

Results

Remote cognitive behavioural therapy for insomnia had significant and positive effects on improving sleep outcomes, depression, anxiety, fatigue and mental health compared with the control conditions. Its effect on physical health was not significant. The effect of the therapy was enhanced when the total length of intervention was shorter than 6 weeks, delivered via the internet and did not include therapist support.

Conclusion

Remote cognitive behavioural therapy for insomnia is effective in improving sleep quality, depression, anxiety, fatigue and mental health in insomnia patients.
Digital Twins in the Context of Seaports and Terminal Facilities
Authors: Neugebauer Julian , Heilig Leonard , Voß Stefan
Published: January 2024

Increasing freight volumes and challenging environments in seaports and container terminals worldwide require streamlined and reliable operations. Digital twins are seen as important drivers of the digitalization in seaports by providing a basis for higher transparency, control and data-driven decision making. In this context, however, the concept is rarely studied, and implementation issues are not comprehensively discussed. The paper presents an exploratory study of digital twins in seaports based on a literature review and case studies. The analysis reveals a standardization deficit for digital twin implementations, an inflationary and improper use of the term digital twin, and fields of research that need to be explored further. The application of optimization methods and the integration of simulation-based optimization in the field of seaports and container terminals is examined, due to its relevance for digital twins. Important lessons learned can be taken from the most advanced implementations, integrating simulations and emulations with optimization methods. An in-depth examination of multiple case studies and discussions with global port leaders yields valuable perspectives on the varied levels of digital twin implementations being applied today, including insights into the most advanced implementations currently being used in ports and container terminals. As a result of the analyses conducted, various research directions and a research agenda are presented.