bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Manuel Gamio y las bases de la política indigenista en México
Authors: Reynoso Jaime Irving
Published: November 2017

En este trabajo se presenta el perfil intelectual de Manuel Gamio, considerado el padre de la antropología moderna en México, y uno de los principales ideólogos del indigenismo latinoamericano del siglo XX. La influencia de Gamio se ejerció en el debate ideológico y permeó hacia las políticas públicas y en la lógica de la construcción de las instituciones de orientación indigenista. Se expone su formación en la corriente del relativismo cultural bajo la tutela del antropólogo norteamericano Franz Boas, y sus innovaciones en los campos de la arqueología, etnografía y antropología mexicana, así como su decisiva influencia para dejar atrás el paradigma decimonónico de “el indio bueno es el indio muerto”, enfatizando la necesaria incorporación del indígena al proyecto de estado moderno posrevolucionario.
Renta básica y justicia social. ¿Por qué los filósofos no están de acuerdo?
Authors: Van Parijs Philippe
Published: November 2017

No Aplica
La reificación como un olvido del reconocimiento. Apuntes para una revisión de la idea de reificación de Axel Honneth
Authors: Fleitas González Martín
Published: November 2017

El presente trabajo se propone analizar los alcances y limitaciones de la reformulación que propuso Axel Honneth de la idea de reificación, durante sus Tanner Lectures del 2005. Para defender los aportes que puede abrigar una concepción de la reificación como olvido del reconocimiento, se reconstruye la propuesta de Honneth en contraposición al gran número de objeciones que ha recibido. El argumento central del trabajo se concentra en mostrar que las debilidades de la reificación de Honneth surgen como consecuencia de las debilidades de su “modelo receptivo” del reconocimiento. En virtud de ello, el trabajo propone sustituir  el concepto honnethiano del reconocimiento por uno ontológicoanalítico, para luego esbozar el alcance de una reificación entendida como momentos graduados de amnesia.
“Luchas migrantes”: un nuevo campo de estudio para la sociología de los disensos
Authors: Varela Huerta Amarela
Published: November 2017

Este trabajo propone pensar las luchas migrantes como un nuevo campo de estudio para la sociología, que reflexione sobre la acción colectiva. Es un ejercicio que estudia las luchas protagonizadas por migrantes con y “sin papeles” en regla; además, se propone enfatizar las pistas que consoliden una sociología de las luchas migrantes como campo de estudio y así descifrar este novísimo tipo de movimiento social, y nos ayude a analizar los protagonismos, las prácticas, el proyecto normativo o político de estas luchas y el papel concreto que desempeñan en el mapa de las resistencias contemporáneas.
Problemas socioambientales: concepciones del profesorado en formación inicial
Authors: Moreno-Crespo Pilar , Moreno-Fernández Olga
Published: November 2017

El vertiginoso ritmo de cambio de las últimas décadas, plantea necesariamente una nueva forma de entender y relacionarse con el planeta, donde la educación tiene mucho que decir. El presente estudio establece como objetivo describir las concepciones referentes a los problemas socio-ambientales del profesorado en formación inicial, a través de una muestra de 144 estudiantes universitarios del grado de educación primaria en las universidades españolas de Sevilla y Extremadura, durante el curso académico 2014-2015. Los resultados obtenidos con el cuestionario de preguntas abiertas, aunque esperanzadores, muestran un largo camino en el que seguir trabajando. El currículum educativo, la organización escolar y las familias, se detectan como dificultades para abrir puertas entre la escuela y su entorno.
El sueño Casablanca. Entretejiéndole paz a la globalización
Authors: Mernissi Fatema
Published: November 2017

En el presente artículo, se reflexiona acerca de la globalización, específicamente la relación conflictiva históricamente sostenida entre el mundo musulmán y Occidente. Para ello se analizan elementos como el vuelo, la migración, la noche y la luna, intentando ver en esos (otros) espacios los posibles fundamentos del miedo del mundo occidental secular al islam.
La democracia exigente. La teoría de la democracia de Pierre Rosanvallon
Authors: Annunziata Rocío
Published: November 2017

El presente artículo explora lo que podemos concebir como la teoría de la democracia de Pierre Rosanvallon, apoyándose en su trilogía más reciente. La suya, sostenemos, es una teoría de la democracia exigente, que vuelve al desencanto un motor de transformación y redefinición. Para el autor, la democracia es régimen político, forma de gobernar, actividad ciudadana y forma de sociedad, y es plural en cada una de estas dimensiones. Luego de revisar la emergencia de poderes contrademocráticos, las nuevas figuras de la legitimidad y la necesidad de reformulación de la sociedad de iguales, abordamos los riesgos de “lo impolítico” y argumentamos en qué sentido su concepción representa una teoría de la democracia exigente.
La demagogia, ayer y hoy
Authors: Pazé Valentina
Published: November 2017

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Identidades y re-significados del actor sindical. Diez Núcleos de tensión del sindicalismo en Chile
Authors: Julián Vejar Dasten Alfonso
Published: November 2017

La problemática de sostener un modelo de cooperación sustentable en el sindicalismo chileno, nos hace interrogarnos por una serie de fenómenos que dan forma a la constitución de subjetividades e identidades al interior del movimiento sindical. En el siguiente artículo analizamos una serie de núcleos de tensión que atraviesan la constitución del sindicalismo y las perspectivas que convergen en su seno.
Formación y praxis pedagógica revolucionaria: los escritos de juventud de Marx y Benjamin
Authors: Hincapié García Alexánder
Published: November 2017

El planteamiento central gira en torno a la posibilidad de releer los escritos tempranos de Karl Marx y Walter Benjamin. De manera precisa, se trata de plantear con ellos el problema de la formación de los hombres y la necesidad de una praxis pedagógica revolucionaria que pueda hacer justicia a una idea emancipada de ser humano.
Notas sobre la política, el Estado, la democracia y el sujeto. Tensionando algunas categorías de Jacques Rancière para pensar la última década argentina
Authors: Chávez Solca Fernando Daniel
Published: November 2017

El presente trabajo se propone esbozar algunas notas a partir del filósofo Jacques Rancière para pensar la política, el Estado, la democracia y el sujeto. El tratamiento de cada una de estas cuestiones a la luz de la experiencia argentina de los últimos años nos posibilitará desentrañar la potencialidad analítica de dichas categorías y al mismo tiempo tensionarlaspara mostrar sus límites y la necesidad de reformularlas, lo cual habilitaría una forma diferente de pensar el kirchnerismo.
¿UNA ÉTICA DE CARA AL FUTURO? DERECHOS HUMANOS Y RESPONSABILIDADES DE LA GENERACIÓN PRESENTE FRENTE A LAS GENERACIONES POR VENIR
Authors: Cecchetto Sergio
Published: November 2017

Dentro del conjunto de los derechos humanos de ter- cera generación se destaca la apelación a una solidaridad de tipo diacrónica entre la comunidad de seres humanos y el mundo natural extra-humano, y otra de tipo sincrónica entre la comunidad de los seres humanos efectivamente vivientes y otros hombres, integrantes hipotéticos de generaciones humanas aún no nacidas. Este artículo analiza críticamente los argumentos esgrimidos a favor y en contra de esa postulación de deberes / obligaciones éticas intergeneracionales en un contexto civilizatorio tecnocientífico, para fundamentar por último la responsabilidad que le cabe a la generación actual en la elaboración de una ética global que atienda seriamente a las demandas del futuro.
EL FRACASO DE LA DESCENTRALIZACIÓN ARGENTINA
Authors: Cao Horacio , Vaca Josefina
Published: November 2017

Este trabajo tiene el objetivo de realizar un análisis crítico de las teorías que justificaron el proceso descentralizador de la República Argentina, buscando determinar cuáles fueron, vistas en perspectiva de su fracaso, sus debilidades más notorias. Con este objetivo en mente, se inicia con una sucinta descripción del proceso descentralizar argentino y de las ventajas que, según sus defensores, presentarían estas acciones. Posteriormente, se someten a crítica estos conceptos, detallando cuáles fueron, según los autores, las razones por las cuales no se alcanzaron los resulta- dos previstos.
LA PARTICIPACIÓN CIUDADANA COMO UNA RELACIÓN SOCIO-ESTATAL ACOTADA POR LA CONCEPCIÓN DE DEMOCRACIA Y CIUDADANÍA
Authors: Espinosa Mario
Published: November 2017

En este trabajo, se señala que la participación ciudadana constituye un tipo de relación socio-estatal, la cual, antes de remitirnos a un conjunto de dispositivos institucionales o a la lógica de la organización social, puede ser concebida como un espacio de interacción, comunicación y diferenciación entre el sistema estatal y el social. Además, se plantea que dicha relación socio- estatal, que tiene como función la regulación permanente del conflicto supuesto en la definición de los temas públicos y de la propia agenda político-social, es una relación característica de las sociedades contemporáneas acotada (en sus sentidos y orientaciones) por las nociones normativas derivadas de los significados de la democracia y de la propia categoría de ciudadanía.
DIMENSIONES ARGUMENTATIVAS DEL RELATIVISMO EPISTÉMICO: ENTRE EL PROGRAMA Y LA DUDA ESCÉPTICA
Authors: Olivos Santoyo Nicolás
Published: November 2017

El objetivo de este trabajo es abrir el debate sobre las implicaciones que tiene el relativismo epistémico como una forma de entender a la actividad científica. Se busca analizar las estrategias discursivas con las cuales éste enfrenta a las posturas universalistas y racionalistas en epistemología, y ver cómo, a partir de éstas, fundamenta un programa o agenda de trabajo para aquellos que pretendan dar cuenta de cómo se construye la ciencia.En este ensayo, sostenemos que una característica de los argumentos relativistas que ha dificultado su crítica o los intentos por eludirla, es que parte de un conjunto de argumentos escépticos con los cuales combate las pretensiones universalistas y racionalistas de otras tradiciones en la filosofía de la ciencia.
HISTORIA Y PAISAJE. EXPLORANDO UN CONCEPTO GEOGRÁFICO MONISTA
Authors: Urquijo Torres Pedro S , Barrera Bassols Narciso
Published: November 2017

El presente artículo tiene por objetivos revisar el devenir histórico y la historiografía del concepto geográfico paisaje, a fin de mostrar su pertinencia operativa en los estudios ambientales, mediante el análisis homeostático de sus elementos tanto biofísicos como socioculturales. Para ello, ponderamos la utilidad de un enfoque epistémico monista —el paisaje como una totalidad en la que no hay separación de sus componentes—, frente al dualismo manifiesto en la dicotomía naturaleza- sociedad, común en pensamiento científico dominante, que poco contribuye a un entendimiento cabal del medio, en un contexto de emergencia ecológica global.
LA DEBILIDAD INSTITUCIONAL DE LOS CONGRESOS LOCALES. LÍMITES DE LA DEMOCRATIZACIÓN MEXICANA Y DE LA TRANSFORMACIÓN DE LAS RELACIONES EJECUTIVO-LEGISLATIVO
Authors: Pérez Vega Moisés
Published: November 2017

La democratización mexicana ha supuesto elecciones cada vez más limpias y poder crecientemente compartido entre partidos políticos, lo que ha impulsado a legislaturas más activas e independientes respecto del Ejecutivo. No obstante, no ha quedado del todo claro en qué medida este proceso de cambio político se ha traducido en mayores capacidades de las legislaturas para ejercer su función de contrapeso de forma más efectiva sobre la rama ejecutiva. En este sentido, el presente trabajo examina diversas disposiciones del régimen electoral y de partidos —en especial, la prohibición de reelección legislativa consecutiva— que han configurado una débil institucionalidad de los cuerpos legislativos. Desde esta perspectiva, se argumenta que se debe ir más allá de los planteamientos que sostienen que el incremento de la competencia partidaria y el pluralismo legislativo han fortalecido la función de fiscalización de los congresos.
TEQUILA: CENTRO MÁGICO, PUEBLO TRADICIONAL. ¿PATRIMONIALIZACIÓN O PRIVATIZACIÓN?
Authors: Hernández López José de Jesús
Published: November 2017

Este artículo discute si las distinciones conferidas por organismos internacionales y las políticas públicas mediante las cuales se ponen en valor determinadas zonas de pueblos ordinarios son detonantes de la promoción cultural, ecológica, del desarrollo regional y la participación social. A través de la lectura del paisaje cultural del centro histórico del pueblo de Tequila, Jalisco, se da cuenta de la transformación de determinados perímetros de un pueblo que gradualmente ha devenido, de zona rural, a un importante destino turístico en el Occidente de México, así como un referente en la construcción de una nueva identidad nacional ligada a mercancías exitosas en el contexto de la globalización. En la conclusión se sostiene que esa forma de patrimonializar se sustenta en una política cosmética, dado que al mismo tiempo que se restauran y embellecen ciertas zonas por su valor histórico-cultural y potencial turístico, se ocultan las necesidades y las condiciones reales de vida de la gente.
PATRIMONIO URBANO Y TURISMO CULTURAL EN LA CIUDAD DE MÉXICO: LAS CHINAMPAS DE XOCHIMILCO Y EL CENTRO HISTÓRICO
Authors: Delgadillo Polanco Víctor Manuel
Published: November 2017

Este artículo aborda la conflictiva relación entre el patrimonio urbano y el turismo cultural en la ciudad de México, a partir de dos sitios emblemáticos reconocidos como patrimonio de la humanidad. Aquí se analizan: 1. La disputa por el aprovechamiento de un patrimonio cultural, por definición colectivo, que se ha constituido en una importante actividad turística (la tercera fuente de ingresos económicos del país); y 2. Las políticas públicas que desde la década de 1990 privilegian el turismo y el consumo cultural y recreativo, sobre la problemática socioeconómica de esos territorios; y amenazan con transformar Xochimilco en un parque temático, y a una parte del centro histórico en un enclave de consumo para turistas y nuevos residentes con mayores ingresos.
EL REINO DE LO URBANO Y LA MUERTE DE LA CIUDAD
Authors: Choay Françoise
Published: November 2017

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VIDEO-VIGILANCIA DEL ESPACIO URBANO: TRÁNSITO, SEGURIDAD Y CONTROL SOCIAL
Authors: Arteaga Botello Nelson
Published: November 2017

En los últimos años, en México, y a escala global, los circuitos cerrados de televisión (CCTV) se han convertido en el modelo más generalizado de vigilancia para los espacios urbanos. Su objetivo es registrar las actividades cotidianas de las personas en su tránsito por la ciudad. Tomando el caso de dos municipios del estado de México, este artículo analiza cómo estas tecnologías de vigilancia permiten una determinada gestión de los espacios de la ciudad, así como diferentes formas de gubernamentalidad de la población. Así, se muestra cómo, en términos de propósito, los CCTV se han transformado, en algunos momentos, de dispositivos de apoyo a la organización del tránsito y la seguridad pública, en instrumentos de control social y político.
La crítica sitiada
Authors: Subirats Eduardo
Published: November 2017

En un ejercicio crítico de autoreflexión, este artículo quiere remarcar los momentos que, a partir de los sucesos del 2001, definían el generalizado estado de sitio de la existencia y la conciencia por la ilimitada violencia y el absoluto poder del espectáculo. Retomando la teoría crítica, trivializada por la cultura industrial y académica, se trata de configurar una constelación crítica como reflexión del logos de la civilización, es decir, como la reconstrucción de lo que la constituye. El texto plantea la posibilidad de ver el otro lado de la catástrofe, pero para ello habrá que vislumbrar también, muy probablemente, el fantasma de la estupidización masiva que no dudará en penetrar en cada uno de los intersticios de esta sociedad global que nos rodea.
Feminismos, postcolonialidad, descolonización: ¿del centro a los márgenes?
Authors: Millán Moncayo Márgara
Published: November 2017

El llamado al dossier de este número de Andamios nos convoca sobre todo a clarificar desde dónde pensamos la imbricación entre feminismo como crítica y postcolonialidad, tanto como proyecto teórico como condición deseada y por venir.  Este ensayo quiere preguntarse sobre esta relación relevando la intención transformativa de la crítica feminista atendiendo a que su sujeto es múltiple y contradictorio; una transformación que devela la diferencia de género como una parte del ensamblaje de lo social, configurado históricamente. Por ello, en el centro de la pregunta sobre el diálogo y terreno común entre feminismo crítico y postcolonialidad se encuentra la idea que tengamos de modernidad y su relación con la configuración capitalista del mundo. Quiero pensar en esas tensiones encubiertas desde el contexto mexicano.
“Desde la experiencia”. Entrevista a Ochy Curiel
Authors: Cejas Mónica
Published: November 2017

No Aplica
Escribir contra la cultura
Authors: Abu-Lughod Lila
Published: November 2017

No Aplica
Violencia de género sobre estudiantes universitarios(as)
Authors: Zamudio Sánchez Francisco José , Andrade Barrera Marco Antonio , Arana Ovalle Roxana Ivette , Alvarado Segura Arturo A.
Published: November 2017

Proponemos un índice para medir violencia de género entre hombres y mujeres universitarios(as). Para construir el índice se aplica un cuestionario sobre violencia a una muestra representativa de estudiantes. Posteriormente, se organiza la información mediante un modelo ecológico y el resultado se integra en un índice vía el proceso jerárquico analítico. El índice se ejemplificó con datos de estudiantes de la Universidad Autónoma Chapingo (UACh). En la UACh, tanto hombres como mujeres reportaron grados similares de violencia directa, aunque las mujeres señalaron más consecuencias emocionales y sociales. El índice propuesto permite: (i) identificar los factores que influyen en la reproducción de la violencia, (ii) incorporar la opinión de los expertos, (iii) obtener información de múltiples factores y percepciones que las personas tienen sobre el fenómeno. Finalmente, este índice puede adaptarse para evaluar otros fenómenos sociales.
Estrategias de intervención en organizaciones civiles. Las organizaciones de mujeres
Authors: Guadarrama Sánchez Gloria Jovita , Pliego Alvarado Esmeralda
Published: November 2017

Este artículo está dirigido a explorar cómo inciden las estrategias de intervención de organizaciones civiles para la atención de las mujeres en México, en la conformación de una visión particular sobre el género y en la valoración de su desempeño. El análisis se sustenta en la elaboración de una tipología de intervención, una evaluación de desempeño y en la información aportada por tres estudios de caso. Algunos hallazgos muestran que las estrategias de intervención condicionan algunos de los elementos evaluados e inciden en la diferenciación del involucramiento de las mujeres desde la perspectiva de género.
Sociedad, epistemología y metodología en Boaventura de Sousa Santos
Authors: Binimelis-Espinoza Helder Alejandro , Roldán Tonioni Andrés
Published: November 2017

El objetivo de esta publicación es analizar la obra de Boaventura de Sousa Santos, especialmente su comprensión de las sociedades contemporáneas y los desafíos epistemológicos y metodológicos actuales. Mediante una revisión documental de su obra y aportes críticos de otros autores, se distingue su comprensión crítica y utópica de las sociedades actuales, y la necesidad de renovación de los procesos de construcción de conocimiento. Los aportes de este trabajo son, por una parte, integrar la crítica de Santos a la modernidad con su propuesta utópica, y su relación con las epistemologías del sur, la ecología de saberes y la traducción intercultural. Por otra parte, la identificación de estrategias concretas de generación de saberes desde una perspectiva intercultural. Las conclusiones están orientadas hacia una evaluación crítica de la discusión desarrollada con Santos, y su relevancia en el contexto de las ciencias sociales latinoamericanas.
Early Evaluation Findings From the Instructional Conversation Study: Culturally Responsive Teaching Outcomes for Diverse Learners in Elementary School
Authors: Portes Pedro R. , González Canché Manuel , Boada Diego , Whatley Melissa E.
Published: November 2017

This study explores preliminary results from a pedagogical intervention designed to improve instruction for all students, particularly emergent bilinguals in the United States (or English language learners). The study is part of a larger efficacy randomized controlled trial (RCT) of the Instructional Conversation (IC) pedagogy for improving the school achievement of upper elementary grade students. Standardized achievement student data were gathered from ( N = 74) randomized teachers’ classrooms. Preliminary ordinary least squares analyses of the intervention appear promising for English language arts in general. Limitations in baseline equivalency for students after teacher randomization are discussed along with strategies to overcome them and implications concerned with the education of all students, notably those whose parents speak languages other than English at home.
Retracted: Primary Percutaneous Coronary Intervention (PPCI) in Acute Myocardial Infarction Complicated by Cardiogenic Shock in a Newly Emerging Cardiac Centre in Nepal
Authors: Maskey Arun , Regmi Shyam Raj , Bhatt Yadav , Malla Rabi , Rajbhandari Rajib , Sharma Deewakar , KC Man Bahadur , Limbu Yuba Raj , Dubey Laxman
Published: November 2017

The following retraction notice for this article appears in Vol.16(1) 2019 DOI: https://doi.org/10.3126/njh.v16i1.25742

On 17th September 2019 the Editorial Board of Nepalese Heart Journal agreed to retract the article  ‘Primary Percutaneous Coronary Intervention (PPCI) in Acute Myocardial Infarction Complicated by Cardiogenic Shock in a Newly Emerging Cardiac Centre in Nepal' published in Nepalese Heart Journal, Vol.6(1) 2009 pages 21-24 (DOI: https://doi.org/10.3126/njh.v6i1.18451) as the paper had already been published in the Journal of Research in Medical Sciences Vol.14(2) 2009 pages 123-127 http://jrms.mui.ac.ir/index.php/jrms/article/view/2353. This error is regretted, and we apologise for any inconvenience.
Large-Scale Optical Character Recognition of Ancient Greek
Authors: Robertson Bruce , Boschetti Federico
Published: November 2017

This paper documents our campaign to undertake the large-scale optical character recognition of ancient, or polytonic, Greek. Building upon the Gamera OCR engine and developing a suite of post-processing tools, including automatic spellcheck, we processed 1,200 volumes comprising 329,002,271 Greek words. A sample of 10 pages is studied in detail; they demonstrate the degree to which each step of post-processing improved the results, and with which source documents. These pages attain an average character accuracy of about 96%. These results will provide a basis for further improvements, including the training of other open-source OCR engines.
Open Greek and Latin Data for the Challenges of the Fragmentary State of the Primary Sources for the Pentekontaetia
Authors: Martin Thomas R. , Berti Monica
Published: November 2017

This article describes challenges for education and research presented by the primary sources on the Pentekontaetia (479–431 bc), focusing on access to fragmentary literary texts in a digital environment for this much-studied period. It surveys the complex variety of sources relevant not only to interpreting the Pentekontaetia, but also to addressing urgent issues concerning digital preservation, representation, and access to open Greek and Latin sources.
Health-related quality of life outcomes in complex adult spinal deformity surgery
Authors: Riley Max S. , Bridwell Keith H. , Lenke Lawrence G. , Dalton Jonathan , Kelly Michael P.
Published: November 2017

OBJECTIVE

Significant health-related quality of life (HRQOL) benefits have been observed for patients undergoing primary and revision adult spinal deformity (ASD) surgery. The purpose of this study was to report changes in HRQOL measures in a consecutive series of patients undergoing complex spinal reconstructive surgery, using Scoli-RISK-1 (SR-1) inclusion criteria.

METHODS

This was a single-center, retrospective cohort study. The SR-1 inclusion criteria were used to define patients with complex ASD treated between June 1, 2009, and June 1, 2011. Standard preoperative and perioperative data were collected, including the Scoliosis Research Society (SRS)–22r instrument. The HRQOL changes were evaluated at a minimum 2-year follow-up. Standardized forms were used to collect surgery-related complications data for all patients. Complications were defined as minor, transient major, or permanent major. Patients who achieved a minimum 2-year follow-up were included in the analysis.

RESULTS

Eighty-four patients meeting SR-1 criteria were identified. Baseline demographic and surgical data were available for 74/84 (88%) patients. Forty-seven of 74 (64%) patients met the additional HRQOL criteria with a minimum 2-year follow-up (mean follow-up 3.4 years, range 2–6.5 years). Twenty-one percent of patients underwent posterior fusion only, 40% of patients had a posterior column osteotomy, and 38% had a 3-column osteotomy. Seventy-five percent of patients underwent a revision procedure. Significant improvements were observed in all SRS-22r domains: Pain: +0.8 (p < 0.001); Self-Image: +1.4 (p < 0.001); Function: +0.46 (p < 0.001); Satisfaction: +1.6 (p < 0.001); and Mental Health: +0.28 (p = 0.04). With the exception of Mental Health, more than 50% of patients achieved a minimum clinically important difference (MCID) in SRS-22r domain scores (Mental Health: 20/47, 42.6%). A total of 65 complications occurred in 31 patients. This includes 29.8% (14/47) of patients who suffered a major complication and 17% (8/47) who suffered a postoperative neurological deficit, most commonly at the root level (10.6%, 5/47). Of the 8 patients who suffered a neurological deficit, 1 (13%) was able to achieve MCID in the SRS Function domain.

CONCLUSIONS

The majority of patients experienced clinically relevant improvement in SRS-22r HRQOL scores after complex ASD surgery. The greatest improvements were seen in the SRS Pain and SRS Self-Image domains. Although 30% of patients suffered a major or permanent complication, benefits from surgery were still attained. Patients sustaining a neurological deficit or major complication were unlikely to achieve HRQOL improvements meeting or exceeding MCID for the SRS Function domain.
Chiari-related scoliosis: a single-center experience with long-term radiographic follow-up and relationship to deformity correction
Authors: Ravindra Vijay M. , Onwuzulike Kaine , Heller Robert S. , Quigley Robert , Smith John , Dailey Andrew T. , Brockmeyer Douglas L.
Published: November 2017

OBJECTIVE

Previous reports have addressed the short-term response of patients with Chiari-related scoliosis (CRS) to suboccipital decompression and duraplasty (SODD); however, the long-term behavior of the curve has not been well defined. The authors undertook a longitudinal study of a cohort of patients who underwent SODD for CRS to determine whether there are factors related to Chiari malformation (CM) that predict long-term scoliotic curve behavior and need for deformity correction.

METHODS

The authors retrospectively reviewed cases in which patients underwent SODD for CRS during a 14-year period at a single center. Clinical (age, sex, and associated disorders/syndromes) and radiographic (CM type, tonsillar descent, pBC2 line, clival-axial angle [CXA], syrinx length and level, and initial Cobb angle) information was evaluated to identify associations with the primary outcome: delayed thoracolumbar fusion for progressive scoliosis.

RESULTS

Twenty-eight patients were identified, but 4 were lost to follow-up and 1 underwent fusion within a year. Among the remaining 23 patients, 11 required fusion surgery at an average of 88.3 ± 15.4 months after SODD, including 7 (30%) who needed fusion more than 5 years after SODD. On univariate analysis, a lower CXA (131.5° ± 4.8° vs 146.5° ± 4.6°, p = 0.034), pBC2 > 9 mm (64% vs 25%, p = 0.06), and higher initial Cobb angle (35.1° ± 3.6° vs 22.8° ± 4.0°, p = 0.035) were associated with the need for thoracolumbar fusion. Multivariable modeling revealed that lower CXA was independently associated with a need for delayed thoracolumbar fusion (OR 1.12, p = 0.0128).

CONCLUSIONS

This investigation demonstrates the long-term outcome and natural history of CRS after SODD. The durability of the effect of SODD on CRS and curve behavior is poor, with late curve progression occurring in 30% of patients. Factors associated with CRS progression include an initial pBC2 > 9 mm, lower CXA, and higher Cobb angle. Lower CXA was an independent predictor of delayed thoracolumbar fusion. Further study is necessary on a larger cohort of patients to fully elucidate this relationship.
Frequency-specific effects of repetitive magnetic stimulation on primary astrocyte cultures
Authors: Clarke Darren , Penrose Marissa A. , Penstone Tamasin , Fuller-Carter Paula I. , Hool Livia C. , Harvey Alan R. , Rodger Jennifer , Bates Kristyn A.
Published: November 2017

Background:

Repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS) is a non-invasive technique that uses magnetic pulses over the cranium to induce electrical currents in underlying cortical tissue. Although rTMS has shown clinical utility for a number of neurological conditions, we have only limited understanding of how rTMS influences cellular function and cell-cell interactions.

Objective:

In this study, we sought to investigate whether repeated magnetic stimulation (rMS) can influence astrocyte biology in vitro.

Method:

We tested four different rMS frequencies and measured the calcium response in primary neonatal astrocyte cultures. We also tested the effect of rMS on astrocyte migration and proliferation in vitro. We tested 3 to 4 culture replicates and 17 to 34 cells for each rMS frequency (sham, 1 Hz, cTBS, 10 Hz and biomemetic high frequency stimulation - BHFS).

Results:

Of all frequencies tested, 1 Hz stimulation resulted in a statistically significant rise in intracellular calcium in the cytoplasmic and nuclear compartments of the cultured astrocytes. This calcium rise did not affect migration or proliferation in the scratch assay, though astrocyte hypertrophy was reduced in response to 1 Hz rMS, 24 hours post scratch injury.

Conclusion:

Our results provide preliminary evidence that rMS can influence astrocyte physiology, indicating the potential for a novel mechanism by which rTMS can influence brain activity.
Do whole body vibration exercises affect lower limbs neuromuscular activity in populations with a medical condition? A systematic review
Authors: Dionello Carla Fontoura , de Souza Patrícia Lopes , Sá-Caputo Danubia , Morel Danielle Soares , Moreira-Marconi Eloá , Paineiras-Domingos Laisa Liane , Frederico Eric Heleno Freire Ferreira , Guedes-Aguiar Eliane , Paiva Patricia de Castro , Taiar Redha , Chiementin Xavier , Marín Pedro J. , Bernardo-Filho Mario
Published: November 2017

Background:

The use of surface electromyography (sEMG) to evaluate muscle activation when executing whole body vibration exercises (WBVE) in studies provide neuromuscular findings, in healthy and diseased populations.

Objectives:

Perform a systematic review of the effects of WBVE by sEMG of lower limbs in non-healthy populations.

Methods:

The search using the defined keywords was performed in PubMed, PEDRo and EMBASE databases by three independent researchers. Applying the PRISMA statement several studies were selected according to eligibility criteria and organized for the review. Full papers were included if they described effects of WBVE for the treatment of illnesses, evaluated by sEMG of lower limbs independently on the year of the publication; in comparison or associated with other treatment and evaluation techniques.

Results:

Seven publications were selected; two in spinal cord injury patients, one in Friedreich’s ataxia patients, three in stroke patients and one study in breast cancer survivors. Reported effects of WBV in were muscle activation by sEMG and also on strength, blood flow and exercise resistance; even in paretic limbs.

Conclusion:

By the use of sEMG it was verified that WBVE elicits muscle activation in diseased population. These results may lead to the definition of exercise protocols to maintain or increase muscular activation. However, due to the heterogeneity of methods among studies, there is currently no consensus on the sEMG signal processing. These strategies might also induce effects on muscle strength, balance and flexibility in these and other illnesses.
The association between brain activity and motor imagery during motor illusion induction by vibratory stimulation
Authors: Kodama Takayuki , Nakano Hideki , Katayama Osamu , Murata Shin
Published: November 2017

Background:

The association between motor imagery ability and brain neural activity that leads to the manifestation of a motor illusion remains unclear.

Objective:

In this study, we examined the association between the ability to generate motor imagery and brain neural activity leading to the induction of a motor illusion by vibratory stimulation.

Methods:

The sample consisted of 20 healthy individuals who did not have movement or sensory disorders. We measured the time between the starting and ending points of a motor illusion (the time to illusion induction, TII) and performed electroencephalography (EEG). We conducted a temporo-spatial analysis on brain activity leading to the induction of motor illusions using the EEG microstate segmentation method. Additionally, we assessed the ability to generate motor imagery using the Japanese version of the Movement Imagery Questionnaire-Revised (JMIQ-R) prior to performing the task and examined the associations among brain neural activity levels as identified by microstate segmentation method, TII, and the JMIQ-R scores.

Results:

The results showed four typical microstates during TII and significantly higher neural activity in the ventrolateral prefrontal cortex, primary sensorimotor area, supplementary motor area (SMA), and inferior parietal lobule (IPL). Moreover, there were significant negative correlations between the neural activity of the primary motor cortex (MI), SMA, IPL, and TII, and a significant positive correlation between the neural activity of the SMA and the JMIQ-R scores.

Conclusion:

These findings suggest the possibility that a neural network primarily comprised of the neural activity of SMA and M1, which are involved in generating motor imagery, may be the neural basis for inducing motor illusions. This may aid in creating a new approach to neurorehabilitation that enables a more robust reorganization of the neural base for patients with brain dysfunction with a motor function disorder.
Evaluation of garlic, BAU-biofungicide, bion and chemical fungicides in controlling leaf spot of Taro
Authors: Sohag MAS , Hossen MT , Monjil MS
Published: November 2017

The field experiment was conducted to evaluate the efficacy of Garlic extract @ 10%, BAU-Biofungicide @ 2%, Bion@ 0.2%, Bavistin DF (Carbendazim) @ 0.1% and Proud 250EC (Propiconazole) @ 0.1%  for controlling leaf spot disease of taro (Colocasia esculenta). Performance of these treatments was assessed by applying as cormel treatment and foliar spray. Cormel treatment under field experiment was found effective for BAU-Biofungicide and Proud 250EC. Bavistin DF and Proud 250EC was more effective than other treatments in increasing plant height and healthy leaves, and in decreasing spotted and dead leaves. Before foliar spraying, BAU-Biofungicide as cormel treatment reduced the disease incidence (46.19%) and severity (25.28%) of taro leaf spot at 180 days after sowing. As foliar spray all the treatments has significant effect on taro leaf spot. Among the treatments BAU-Biofungicide was found superior to control leaf spot of taro. BAU-Biofungicide resulted maximum reduction of disease incidence and severity and increase in number of healthy leaf followed by Bion and Proud 250EC. BAU-Biofungicide showed enhanced results in terms of disease incidence and severity of leaf spot of Taro before and after foliar spraying.Progressive Agriculture 28 (3): 167--173, 2017
Mycelial growth inhibition of Rhizoctonia by indigenous medicinal plant extract
Authors: Sifat MSA , Monjil MS
Published: November 2017

Pure cultures of four different isolates were established from the infected rice sheath collected different areas of Mymensingh District on the basis of different morphological characteristics including shape, colour (upper side and reverse side), sclerotial shape, sclerotial colour and compactness. The efficacy of six plant extracts viz. Garlic (Allium sativum), Neem (Azadirachta indica), Shetodron (Leucas aspera), Mahogoni leaf (Swietenia mahagoni), Mahogoni seed(Swietenia mahagoni) and Bishkatali (Polygonum hydropiper) was investigated against different the four isolates of Rhizoctonia sp. The radial mycelial growth of the fungus from 2-7 days was significantly differed among the different treatments. At 4 day after culture colony diameter was reached maximum (4.00 cm) in PDA plates of non-treated control treatment. Average colony diameter of Rhizoctonia sp. from 2-7 days after culture ranged from 0 cm to 4.00 cm. The highest colony diameter (4.00 cm) was recorded in control at 4 days after culture. At 4 days after culture, highest percent inhibition of radial mycelial growth over contril was found for Isolate 1 by Garlic (97.50%),  Neem (96.75%), and Biskatali (94.25%); for Isolate 2 by Bishkatali (93.25%); for Isolate 3 by Bishkatali (95.75%), Mahogoni seed (85.75%) and Garlic (85.00%), and for Isolate 4 by Bishkatali (95.25%) and Shetodron (89.25%). Among the plant extracts, Bishkatali was highly effective to suppress mycelial growth of all isolates of Rhizoctonia sp.Progressive Agriculture 28 (3): 190-197, 2017
Adolescence and ‘Hypersexualisation’ in Francophone Quebec: A Story of Missed Revolutions and Cultural Boundary Negotiations
Authors: Paquette Eve
Published: November 2017

Social discussions, academic debates and increased media attention to the ‘sexualisation’ of adolescents, particularly of teenage girls, have been ubiquitous in Western countries over the past two decades. Since the turn of the century, ‘hypersexualisation’ has been much discussed in Quebec media. This article frames hypersexualisation as a discourse and analyses the articulations between some of its major components, namely the definition of the endangered and redeemable adolescent subject and the presence of a failure narrative pertaining to historically specific emancipatory ideals. By doing so, it reveals the ways in which discussions about adolescent sexuality in Quebec can contribute to boundary mapping in a globalised context.
To Group or Not to Group? Good Practice for Housing Male Laboratory Mice
Authors: Kappel Sarah , Hawkins Penny , Mendl Michael
Published: November 2017

It is widely recommended to group-house male laboratory mice because they are ‘social animals’, but male mice do not naturally share territories and aggression can be a serious welfare problem. Even without aggression, not all animals within a group will be in a state of positive welfare. Rather, many male mice may be negatively affected by the stress of repeated social defeat and subordination, raising concerns about welfare and also research validity. However, individual housing may not be an appropriate solution, given the welfare implications associated with no social contact. An essential question is whether it is in the best welfare interests of male mice to be group- or singly housed. This review explores the likely impacts—positive and negative—of both housing conditions, presents results of a survey of current practice and awareness of mouse behavior, and includes recommendations for good practice and future research. We conclude that whether group- or single-housing is better (or less worse) in any situation is highly context-dependent according to several factors including strain, age, social position, life experiences, and housing and husbandry protocols. It is important to recognise this and evaluate what is preferable from animal welfare and ethical perspectives in each case.
The Deep Belief and Self-Organizing Neural Network as a Semi-Supervised Classification Method for Hyperspectral Data
Authors: Lan Wei , Li Qingjian , Yu Nan , Wang Quanxin , Jia Suling , Li Ke
Published: November 2017

Hyperspectral data is not linearly separable, and it has a high characteristic dimension. This paper proposes a new algorithm that combines a deep belief network based on the Boltzmann machine with a self-organizing neural network. The primary features of the hyperspectral image are extracted with a deep belief network. The weights of the network are fine-tuned using the labeled sample. Feature vectors extracted by the deep belief network are classified by a self-organizing neural network. The method reduces the spectral dimension of the data while preserving the large amount of original information in the data. The method overcomes the long training time required when using self-organizing neural networks for clustering, as well as the training difficulties of Deep Belief Networks (DBN) when the labeled sample size is small, thereby improving the accuracy and robustness of the semi-supervised classification. Simulation results show that the structure of the network can achieve higher classification accuracy when the labeled sample is deficient.
Is Antimicrobial Photodynamic Therapy Effective as an Adjunct to Scaling and Root Planing in Patients with Chronic Periodontitis? A Systematic Review
Authors: Joseph Betsy , Janam Presanthila , Narayanan Subhash , Anil Sukumaran
Published: November 2017

The aim of this systematic review was to investigate whether antimicrobial photodynamic therapy (aPDT) as either a primary mode of treatment or an adjunct to non-surgical treatment was more effective than scaling and root planing (SRP) alone in treating chronic periodontitis in terms of clinical attachment level (CAL) gain and probing depth (PD) reduction. The focused question was developed using the Patient, Intervention, Comparison, and Outcome (PICO) format, and two authors independently searched the Medline, EMBASE, Cochrane Library, Web of Science, Google Scholar, and Scopus databases for relevant studies from January 2008 to December 2016. Twenty studies included in this systematic review were randomized clinical trials (RCTs) or quasi-RCTs of aPDT compared to placebo, no intervention, or non-surgical treatment in an adult population. Basic study characteristics, photosensitizing agents and wavelengths used in aPDT, frequency of aPDT application, effect of aPDT on clinical parameters, antimicrobial effect of aPDT in chronic periodontitis, effect of immunological parameters following aPDT and patient-based outcome measures were collected from the studies. Although there was a wide range of heterogeneity in the included studied, they all indicated that aPDT has the potential to be an effective adjunct in the treatment of chronic periodontitis. Long-term, multicenter studies with larger sample sizes are needed before aPDT can be recommended as an effective treatment modality.
A Radar-Based Smart Sensor for Unobtrusive Elderly Monitoring in Ambient Assisted Living Applications
Authors: Diraco Giovanni , Leone Alessandro , Siciliano Pietro
Published: November 2017

Continuous in-home monitoring of older adults living alone aims to improve their quality of life and independence, by detecting early signs of illness and functional decline or emergency conditions. To meet requirements for technology acceptance by seniors (unobtrusiveness, non-intrusiveness, and privacy-preservation), this study presents and discusses a new smart sensor system for the detection of abnormalities during daily activities, based on ultra-wideband radar providing rich, not privacy-sensitive, information useful for sensing both cardiorespiratory and body movements, regardless of ambient lighting conditions and physical obstructions (through-wall sensing). The radar sensing is a very promising technology, enabling the measurement of vital signs and body movements at a distance, and thus meeting both requirements of unobtrusiveness and accuracy. In particular, impulse-radio ultra-wideband radar has attracted considerable attention in recent years thanks to many properties that make it useful for assisted living purposes. The proposed sensing system, evaluated in meaningful assisted living scenarios by involving 30 participants, exhibited the ability to detect vital signs, to discriminate among dangerous situations and activities of daily living, and to accommodate individual physical characteristics and habits. The reported results show that vital signs can be detected also while carrying out daily activities or after a fall event (post-fall phase), with accuracy varying according to the level of movements, reaching up to 95% and 91% in detecting respiration and heart rates, respectively. Similarly, good results were achieved in fall detection by using the micro-motion signature and unsupervised learning, with sensitivity and specificity greater than 97% and 90%, respectively.
Social Determinants of Depression: The Intersections of Race, Gender, and Socioeconomic Status
Authors: Assari Shervin
Published: November 2017

Background: Despite the wealth of literature on social determinants of mental health, less is known about the intersection of these determinants. Using a nationally representative sample, this study aimed to study separate, additive, and multiplicative effects of race, gender, and SES on the risk of major depressive episode (MDE) among American adults. Methods: National Survey of American Life (NSAL) included 3570 African Americans and 891 Whites. Race, gender, socioeconomic status (SES, household income, education, employment, and marital status) were independent variables. Twelve-month MDE was measured by the Composite International Diagnostic Interview (CIDI). A series of logistic regressions were used to analyze the data. Results: In the pooled sample, race and household income, but not gender, education, employment, and marital status were associated with 12-month MDE. Gender interacted with the effects of income on MDE, suggesting that the association between household income and MDE is larger for women than men. In race by gender specific models that controlled for other SES indicators, high income was protective for White women, education was protective for African American women, and high income became a risk factor for African American men. High income did not show a risk effect for African American men in the absence of other SES indicators. Conclusions: Findings suggest that race, gender, and class interact on how SES indicators, such as education or income, become a protective or a risk factor for MDE among American Adults. When the outcome is MDE, White women benefit more from income, African American women gain from education, however, the residual effect of high income (above and beyond education, employment, and marital status) may become a risk factor for African American men.