bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
New Yeast Strain in Baking Industry
Authors: Меледина Татьяна , Meledina Tatiana , Давыденко Светлана , Davydenko Svetlana , Головинская Оксана , Golovinskaia Oksana , Шестопалова Ирина , Shestopalova Irina , Морозов Артём , Morozov Artyom
Published: February 2019

Yeast strains used in traditional breadmaking are designed to produce the best substrate fermentation and a high-quality product that meets all the requirements. However, the use of brewing yeast strains makes it possible to increase the biological value of the finished product rich in various vitamins and micro- and macroelements. Thus, the research objective was to investigate the effect of a new yeast strain on the physicochemical and organoleptic quality indicators of test semi-finished products and wheat bread in order to develop a technology for using yeast strain Y 3194 in baking industry. The control and experimental samples were made with the use of sponge, straight, and quick dough methods, as well as the concentrated milk ferment method. The authors studied the baking properties of the brewery yeasts and selected the dosage with the best physico-chemical and organoleptic characteristics of the finished product. By measuring the intensity of gas-producing and gas-retaining power during the dough fermentation, the fermentation in the control sample was found more intense, but there was a slight difference in the gas-retaining ratio (98.4% for the control sample and 99.4% for the experimental sample). The physicochemical parameters of bread made with the help of the new yeast strain and straight and quick dough methods did not exceed the permissible values: the crumb humidity was ≤ 44%; crumb acidity was ≤ 3%; crumb porosity was ≥ 72%. The research proved that yeast strain Y 3194 can be used in baking.
The Effect Follicular Fluid Vitamin A, E, D and B6 on Embryo Morphokinetics and Pregnancy Rates in Patients Receiving Assisted Reproduction
Authors: Gode Funda , Akarsu Suleyman , Dikmen Zeliha Gunnur , Tamer Burcu , Isik Ahmet Zeki
Published: February 2019

Objective: To evaluate the associations among levels of vitamins A, E, D, and B6 in follicular fluid embryo morphokinetics and quality, and clinical pregnancy rates.Study Design: A total of 58 patients with unexplained infertility admitted to the in vitro fertilisation (IVF) centre of Izmir Medical Park Hospital were included in this prospective clinical study. For each patient, vitamin levels were assayed using high-performance liquid chromatography. After intracytoplasmic sperm injection, for each oocyte, the relationships between each vitamin and subsequent embryo quality, embryo morphokinetics, and clinical pregnancy rates were investigated. Embryos were classified as grade A, B, C, or D according to morphokinetic parameters using t5-t2 and t5-t3 (cc3). Results: There was no significant correlation between embryo morphokinetic parameters (tpnf, t2, t3, t4, t5, t6, t7 and t8) and follicular fluid vitamin (A, B6, D and E) levels (p>0.05). There was a significant positive correlation between t5optimal and follicular fluid vitamin A levels (p<0.05). There was a significant positive correlation between cc2optimal and follicular fluid vitamin B6 levels (p<0.05). Levels of vitamins A and B6 were significantly higher in grade A and B embryos than in grade C and D embryos. There were no significant relationships between vitamins E or D and embryo quality or between any vitamin and clinical pregnancy rates.Conclusion: High levels of vitamins A and B6 in follicular fluid are significantly associated with high-quality embryos and optimal morphokinetics. However, none of the vitamins considered showed a significant relationship with clinical pregnancy rates.
Turbidity reduction in drinking water by coagulation-flocculation with chitosan polymers
Authors: Soros Ampai , Amburgey James E. , Stauber Christine E. , Sobsey Mark D. , Casanova Lisa M.
Published: February 2019

Turbidity reduction by coagulation-flocculation in drinking water reduces microbes and organic matter, increasing effectiveness of downstream treatment. Chitosan is a promising household water coagulant, but needs parameters for use. This study tested the effects of chitosan dose, molecular weight (MW), degree of deacetylation (DD), and functional groups on bentonite and kaolinite turbidity reduction in model household drinking water. Higher MW or DD produced greater reductions. Highest reductions were at doses 1 and 3 mg/L by MW >50,000 or >70% DD (residual turbidity <5 NTU). Higher doses did not necessarily continually increase reduction. For functional groups, 3 mg/L produced the highest reductions by lactate, acetate, and HCl, and lower reductions of kaolinite than bentonite. Doses where the point of zero charge was observed clustered around 3 mg/L. Chitosan reduced clay turbidity in water; effectiveness was influenced by dose, clay type, MW, DD, and functional groups. Reduction did not necessarily increase with MW. Bentonite had a broader effective dose range and higher reduction at the optimal dose than kaolinite. Chitosans with and without functional groups performed similarly. The best of the studied doses was 3 mg/L. Chitosans are promising for turbidity reduction in low-resource settings if combined with sedimentation and/or filtration.

This article has been made Open Access thanks to the generous support of a global network of libraries as part of the Knowledge Unlatched Select initiative.
Solid-phase Synthesis of Phosphorus Derivatives
Authors: Simulescu Vasile , Ilia Gheorghe
Published: February 2019

The solid-phase synthesis (SPS) of phosphorus-containing compounds is based mainly on the fact that the chemical process is conducted in a two-phase system. One of the components is connected via covalent bonds to a solid support, which is in general an insoluble polymer, representing the solid phase of the process. The other components involved into the process are solubilized in a solution. The method is suitable to be applied to almost any organic compounds. A common example of using solid-phase synthesis is for obtaining products nucleotide containing, similar to nucleic acids. During the whole process, the nucleotide is always on the solid phase, after the condensation reaction, except for the last step, when the synthesis is already finished. Then, the product is released and separated very easily by filtration. The obtained polymer-oligonucleotide product can participate further in condensation reactions as well. Other important biomolecules synthesized by solid-phase approach during the last decades are nucleoside di- and triphosphates, nucleoside diphosphate sugars and dinucleoside polyphosphates. Those products are precursors of deoxysugars, aminodeoxysugars, uronic acids or glycoconjugates, and are also necessary for DNA and RNA synthesis. The use of the solid-phase method in the context of immobilized oligomers is of great interest nowadays. The solid-phase synthesis offers many advantages in comparison with the conventional solution-phase method, because it takes much less time, it is highly stereoselective, the products are separated and purified usually by a simple filtration or decantation, solvents with high boiling points could be used, the whole process is based on solid polymer support and the obtained compounds should not be isolated.
Phosphorus-Containing Groups Assisted Transition Metal Catalyzed C-H Activation Reactions
Authors: Zhou Chun-Ni , Zheng Zi-Ang , Chang George , Xiao Yuan-Chao , Shen Yang-Huan , Li Gen , Zhang Yu-Min , Peng Wang-Ming , Wang Liang , Xiao Biao
Published: February 2019

Over the last few decades, transition metal-catalyzed direct C-H activation with the assistance of a coordinating directing group has emerged as an atom- and stepeconomical synthetic tools to transform C–H bonds into carbon-carbon or carbonheteroatom bonds. Although the strategies involving regioselective C–H cleavage assisted by various directing groups have been extensively reviewed in the literature, we now attempt to give an overview of the recent advances on phosphorus-containing functional group assisted C-H activation reactions catalyzed by transition-metal catalysts including mechanistic study and synthetic applications. The discussion is directed towards C-H olefination, C-H activation/cyclization, C-H arylation, C-H amination, C-H hydroxylation and acetoxylation as well as miscellaneous C-H activation.
Enzyme and Transporter Kinetics for CPT-11 (Irinotecan) and SN-38: An Insight on Tumor Tissue Compartment Pharmacokinetics Using PBPK
Authors: Fan Yingfang , Mansoor Najia , Ahmad Tasneem , Wu Zhuo X. , Khan Rafeeq A. , Czejka Martin , Sharib Syed , Ahmed Mansoor , Chen Zhe S. , Yang Dong H.
Published: February 2019

Background:

Computational tools are becoming more and more powerful and comprehensive as compared to past decades in facilitating pharmaceutical, pharmacological and clinical practice. Anticancer agents are used either as monotherapy or in combination therapy to treat malignant conditions of the body. A single antineoplastic agent may be used in different types of malignancies at different doses according to the stage of the disease.

Objective:

To study the behavior of CPT-11 (Irinotecan) and its metabolite SN-38 in tumor tissue compartment through the Whole Body-Physiologically Pharmacokinetics (WB-PBPK) and to determine the activity of metabolic enzymes and transporters participating in the disposition of CPT-11 and SN-38 working in their physiological environment inside the human body.

Methods:

Whole body PBPK approach is used to determine the activity of different metabolic enzymes and transporters involved in the disposition of CPT-11 and its active metabolite, SN-38. The concentrations and pharmacokinetic parameters of the parent compound and its metabolite administered at clinically applicable dose via the intravenous route in the tumor tissue are predicted using this approach.

Results:

The activity rate constants of metabolic enzymes and transporters of CPT-11 are derived at their natural anatomic locations. Concentration-time curves of CPT-11 and SN-38 with their 5th to 95th percentage range are achieved at the tumor tissue level. Mean tumor tissue pharmacokinetics of both compounds are determined in a population of 100 individuals.

Conclusion:

Tumor tissue concentration-time curves of CPT-11 and SN-38 can be determined via PBPK modeling. Rate constants of enzymes and transporters can be shown for healthy and tumor bearing individuals. The results will throw light on the effective concentration of active compound at its target tissue at the clinically applied IV dose.
Analysis and Optimization of Sb2Te3 and Bi2Te3 Materials for Enhancing the Performance of Thermoelectric Energy Harvester for WSN Applications
Authors: Verma Gourav , Sharma Vidushi
Published: February 2019

Background:

Thermoelectric (TE) materials are used to fabricate the thermoelectric
generator (TEG). Thermoelectric Generator (TEG) is used to convert thermal energy into electrical
energy and vice-versa. Bismuth-Telluride and Antimony Telluride (Bi/Sb)2Te3 alloys are popular
in the research community due to its capability of electrical energy generation in the range of room
temperature. The Phase Change Material (PCM) is a good source of thermal energy storage in
thermal energy harvesting. We have reviewed patents having the information of thermal energy
storage and tried to provide a better cost-effective solution in thermal energy harvesting using
Phase Change Material (PCM) and material used in thermoelectric generator. Finding the most
appropriate TE alloy for a particular application is a challenge in the research community.

Objective:

The objective of this paper is to conduct a study and analysis of performance parameter
of (Bi/Sb)-Te based TE alloy along with the effect of Phase Change Material (PCM) on energy
generation.

Methods:

An investigation over a wide range of temperature is performed. A Bi2Te3 based Commercial-
of-the-shelf (COTS) Thermoelectric Generator (TEG) has been experimentally tested in a
controlled temperature environment for the analysis of its efficiency.

Results:

This is found that maximum efficiency of 2.12% is achieved at a temperature difference of
60°C.

Conclusion:

This investigation will be useful for the selection of material for thermal energy harvesting
techniques and helps to provide an optimized framework for the research community to decide
the (Bi1-xSbx)2Te3 mixed crystal alloy for their applications.
The Unfinished Presidencies: Why Incumbent Presidents May Lose Their Re-Election Bids
Authors: Da Vinha Luis Miguel , Ernst Niklas
Published: February 2019

With the conclusion of the 2016 presidential election in the US, presidential scholars have shifted their attention not only to the Trump presidency, but also towards his possible re-election campaign. Throughout the history of the United States incumbent presidents have usually won their bid for a second term in office. The presidency offers incumbents several inherent electoral advantages – e.g., party nomination and unified party base, name recognition and political experience, access to government resources. However, some incumbent candidates have been unable to capitalize on these advantages. The current paper analyzes the electoral bids of Presidents Ford, Carter, and Bush, identifying the factors that can invalidate the advantages intrinsic to holding the office of President of the United States.
Vietnam Syndrome and its Effects on the Gulf War Strategy
Authors: Yurtbay Baturay
Published: February 2019

The Vietnam War killed and wounded many soldiers and civilians. US foreign policy began to shift after the War’s, end including discussions on the level of power to be used for future wars or conflicts. The United States experienced considerable anxiety over its failures in Vietnam, which was coined the Vietnam Syndrome by the media and various political sciences scholars. The Gulf War, the first serious use of US military power after the Vietnam War, began with discussions about the suitable use of force and how the Vietnam War Syndrome could be overcome. While the Vietnam War was a huge failure for the United States, it also paved the way for new discussions on US foreign policy dealing with appropriate use of force, including last resort uses and US vital interests. These discussions are considered as the corner stone for the US success in the Gulf War.

This study will briefly explain the effects and consequences of the Vietnam War and the Gulf War as well as analyse US foreign policy discussions between the Vietnam War and the Gulf War. While examining US foreign policy and the US intervention in the Gulf War, this research will mainly focus on the Shultz doctrine and the Weinberger doctrine. This study will show that the Vietnam War started many discussions on  the use of  force and its application in future wars that were part of the US Gulf War military strategy. Even though the United States experienced failure in the Vietnam War, the lessons taken helped to govern future conflicts and the most important clues were seen in the Gulf War.
Portugal e as Sociedades Europeias: Família, Revoluções Sexuais, Homogamia e Fronteiras de Classe
Authors: Fonseca Helder Adegar , Guimarães Paulo Eduardo
Published: February 2019

Este artigo analisa o comportamento conubial em Portugal no quadro do debate do declínio das diferenças sociais da Europa desde 1880, visto pela óptica da universalização da "Família Europeia" e do casamento. A exploração extensiva da Amostra Histórica Portuguesa sobre a Mobilidade Social (HSPSM) permite testar a hipótese da mudança nos padrões de comportamento conubial e da modernização das relações familiares em Portugal no período de 1860-1960. Os resultados obtidos sobre a evolução da homogamia social, do acesso ao casamento e ao recasamento, e das oportunidades sociais resultantes do matrimónio por género e por classes sociais, apontam para a existência de um processo de modernização social ao longo daquele século que foi particularmente contido.
O Eterno Contencioso: A Autonomia da Madeira e os seus desafios
Authors: Gomes Francisco Manuel
Published: February 2019

A Autonomia da Madeira é uma das conquistas mais importantes do regime democrático que emergiu da Revoluçãode Abril de 1974, sendo que sua relevância na estrutura político-constitucional portuguesa tem vindo a ser afirmada ao longoda breve história da Democracia Portuguesa. Mesmo assim, é um erro assumir que o Processo Autonómico é um fenómenoconcluído. Além de ser uma realidade que decorre num plano de evolução e aprofundamento constantes, persistem, ainda,várias barreiras legais e constitucionais que injustificavelmente condicionam a auto-governação dos Madeirenses, limitando adialética política entre os órgãos de governo regional e as instituições de governação da República. Por esta razão, é necessáriorefletir sobre os desafios que hoje se colocam à Autonomia da Madeira, sugerindo caminhos para o seu aprofundamentodentro de um quadro de reforço da coesão nacional.
Joined-Up Governance at Local Level
Authors: Araújo Joaquim Filipe
Published: February 2019

This article analyzes an interorganizational cooperation initiative among local actors to improve local policy coordination. Based on the network approach to local governance, the study provides insight into why local actors cooperate and how cooperation works. The analysis is based on interviews with local authorities, public managers and local politicians.
As Sociedades Europeias e Casamento entre Homossexuais do mesmo Sexo: Factos e Argumentos
Authors: Cid Nuno De Salter
Published: February 2019

Centrado na Europa mas sem evitar referências a países não europeus, este texto procura dar conta do estado da questão tratada, sobretudo do ponto de vista jurídico, e enunciar os principais argumentos que têm sido aduzidos a favor e contra o casamento entre homossexuais (do mesmo sexo).
Mudanças e Continuidades no Modelo de Participação Política em Portugal. Análise Comparada Europeia
Authors: Viegas José Manuel Leite , Belchior Ana Maria , Seiceira Filipa
Published: February 2019

Qual a tendência que a participação política portuguesa tem vindo a seguir nas últimas décadas? Tem sido essencialmente pautada pela mudança ou pela continuidade? E qual a posição que o caso português assume no contexto Europeu? Numa primeira parte do artigo apresenta-se descritiva e longitudinalmente (entre 1990 e 2008) o panorama da participação política portuguesa, primeiro inserindo-o no plano Europeu, e depois analisando-o ao longo das últimas décadas. Esta análise segue uma categorização da participação política em quatro tipos: "participação de protesto", "participação política institucional", "participação institucional não política" e "novas formas de participação política". Na segunda parte do artigo exploram-se as principais razões subjacentes à adesão a três daqueles quatro tipos de participação política em Portugal. Os dados revelam que Portugal tem vindo a consolidar um padrão de participação caracterizado por uma muito fraca mobilização em especial na modalidade de protesto e nas novas formas de participação, afastando-o dos países da Europa central e do norte. Sobressaem de entre as variáveis explicativas da participação: a classe social e a identidade partidária.
Reflexões Sobre a Responsabilidade Social dos Novos "Intérpretes Culturais"
Authors: Medeiros Pilar Damião de
Published: February 2019

Este artigo avalia algumas das contradições político-culturais características da nova era global: Globalização e diversidade, homogeneização e multiculturalismo, tendências neo-tribais e cosmopolitismo, políticas universais de igual dignidade e políticas específicas de reconhecimento cultural, são algumas das antinomias que colocam a sociedade hodierna em cheque. Neste sentido, e para melhor descodificar a emergência de novos labirintos culturais na(s) esfera(s) política(s), destaca-se a definição de Z. Bauman dos intelectuais como os novos "mediadores culturais", que através da sua capacidade hermenêutica conseguem não só interpretar os múltiplos códigos, repertórios e imaginários político-culturais que brotam no espaço público, como também desenvolver ações comunicativas entre os diferentes grupos de interesse.
Citizenship in a Post-Colonial Context: Comparing Portugal and Netherlands
Authors: Jerónimo Patrícia , Vink Maarten Peter
Published: February 2019

This paper analyses citizenship and migration regimes in an postcolonial context and presents a focused comparison of the experiences in Portugal and the Netherlands. While colonial regimes in both cases were largely exclusionary, and only towards the end of the regimes hesitantly extended citizenship to the native population, the postcolonial experiences display significant differences. While Portugal is more nostalgic about the colonial affair, cherishing the idea of cultural ties within a Lusophone community, the change was more abrupt in the Netherlands, after an initial transition period. The comparison in this paper highlights how these two countries dealt with the loss of empire.
Mapping the South European Ideological Space: The Impact of Globalization on Party Discourse in Italy, Greece, Portugal and Spain
Authors: Tsatsanis Emmanouil , Teperoglou Eftichia
Published: February 2019

The purpose of this paper is to offer a comprehensive account of the structure of ideological space in Southern Europe and contribute to the ongoing discussion concerning the impact of globalization on the domestic politics of European countries. We analyze party manifestos from European elections in Italy, Greece, Spain and Portugal using multidimensional scaling. Even though our findings largely support the hypothesis that components of the globalization divide tend to transform the content of the traditional cultural-political dimension, we observe that this transformation occurs in different ways across national contents.
Violência Política: do Estado à Subversão do Estado - Análise sobre um Modelo Conceptual
Authors: Duarte Felipe Pathé
Published: February 2019

Este é um artigo conceptual, antológico e descritivo. Referir-nos-emos aos problemas do foro teórico relacionados com a definição de violência e associamo-la não só ao exercício do poder como à sua derrocada. Expomo-la aqui de uma perspectiva dialéctica. Em primeiro é analisada  a vioência como forma de constituição de Estado; em segundo como forma de manutenção de Estado; e; por último, como forma de destruição de Estado. Ou seja, nas duas primeiras perspectivas a violência é vista como um elemento institucional, para na última ser analisada como forma de pôr em causa essa mesma dimensão institucional. Assim entramos no campo da subversão. O artigo refere-se a representações conceptuais que vêem na violência uma dimensão instrumental, estruturada ou não-estruturada, garante de possível transformação ou subsistência política, quer ao nível institucional ou não-institucional. Falamos assim da violência como continuação da política, mas por outros meios.
Political Leadership Change: a Theoretical Assessment Using a Human Capital "Learning by Doing" Model
Authors: Sousa Miguel Rocha
Published: February 2019

This article presents an economic growth model with human capital, based upon Arrow (1962), which evaluates the impact of political leadership change either in governments or political parties. The change of leadership might be seen as a change in embedded human capital, and thus we might evaluate the loss or gain for society due to these political activities. The approach is theoretical using Arrowian economic setting and formulates the conditions in which it is worth it, or how long does it take to recover from a political leadership change. The embedded process is an economic one, known as "learning by doing", but this time applied to political processes.
Enviromental Protection and Sustainable Development in the European Union: Evolution, Governance and Implications for Competitiveness
Authors: Bongardt Annette , Torres Francisco
Published: February 2019

This article considers how the EU governance set-up envolved with respect to environmental protection and sustainable development. It aims at evaluating the EU´s progress towards creating  the basis for a competitive, low-carbon, European economy (a kind of EU industrial strategy) and sustainable production and consumption patterns. The article concludes that environmental and energie policies have become increasingly Europeanized and come under the single market and competitiveness rationale. It puts forward that the shift to a low-carbon economy is associated with important economic benefits, whereas economic costs appear overrated. However, shortcomings in EU governance sit uneasily with a more coherent approach to sustainable development.
Os Turcos, a Alemanha e a Securitarização da Imigração
Authors: Patrício Emília
Published: February 2019

A securitização da migração, já vísivel desde a década de 80 sofreu um incremento significativo em termos de discurso político e de práticas nele sustentadas após o 11 de setembro de 2001, consagrando em definitivo o esteriótipo do imigrante muçulmano como ameça à segurança do Estado e da sociedade europeia, e forçando à legitimação entre as opiniões públicas de um suposto nexo entre imigrante muçulamano, terrorismo e criminalidade transnacional organizada. Na Alemanha, foram os turcos, quer sob a forma de membros da maior comunidade imigrante muçulmana, quer sobre a forma de potenciais imigrantes, que sofreram o maior impacto desta securitarização. O nosso estudo conclui que, pese embora a diminuição das correntes migratórias provenintes da Turquia ser vísivel, não é todavia possível afirmar que tal se deva direta e muito menos exclusivamente à adoção de políticas securitárias no campo da gestão migratória na Alemanha. Já em relação às consequências das políticas securitárias sobre a qualidade da integração da comunidade imigrante turca instalada no país, é possível perceber que esta só veio reforçar (e acelerar até) a legitimidade social latente de processos de descriminação e estigmatização a que esta comunidade sempre esteve sujeita.
A Moralidade da Distância e da Guerra sem Risco
Authors: Vicente João
Published: February 2019

A condução da Guerra de acordo com princípios éticos, não só é moralmente correta mas revela a humanidade da sociedade moderna. Ao confrontarmos a introdução de uma nova tecnologia no espaço de batalha com os princípios éticos e legais universalmente aceites, estamos a garantir os padrões morais das futuras gerações. A possibilidade de conduzir uma Guerra virtuosa, porque cirúrgica, consciente e escrupulosa, contrasta com o argumento de que se trata de uma Guerra virtual em que as imagens de vídeo reduzem o conflito a um distante jogo de consola. Uma das maiores críticas apontadas aos sistemas aéreos não tripulados, quando comparados com a alternativa viável, a tripulada, é de que infligem danos desproporcionados e desnecessários, nomeadamente em civis, em resultado do afastamento físico e da eventual desconexão emocional dos seus operadores. O estabelecimento de uma relação causal entre o distanciamento do combatente do ato de matar corpo a corpo, e a probabilidade de aumentar a eclosão da Guerra é difícil de determinar. Todavia, caso essa relação exista, então ela será sublimada pelo emprego de drones de combate, obrigando a uma diluição da perceção tradicional de combate. Importa por isso verificar se o aumento da distância poderá ser associado com a abstração ou indiferença à morte. E numa era em que a Guerra Aérea Remota se ameça transformar num instrumento de morte à escala industrial, será importante debruçar-mo-nos sobre os efeitos morais de tal emprego generalizado.  Palavras-Chave: Guerra Aéres Remota, Unmanned Aircraft Systems, drones, moralidade.
A China como Potência Regional: o Caso da Ásia Central
Authors: Duarte Paulo
Published: February 2019

O presente artigo tem como objetivo analisar o comportamento da China enquanto potência regional, aplicando-o ao caso específico da Ásia Central. O argumento central é o de que Pequim procura forjar laços económicos, políticos e militares com as Repúblicas centro-asiáticas, embora o seu soft-power seja ainda pouco eficaz na região. Além disso, as ambições regionais chinesas são frequentemente encaradas com suspeição pelos países vizinhos centro-asiáticos, que ainda veem na Rússia a grande preferência económica, militar, e cultural, fruto do seu longo passado sociético.Palavras-Chave: Ásia Central, China, potência regional.
Identidad, Democracia y Legitimidad: la Experiencia Taiwanesa
Authors: Lemus Delgado Daniel
Published: February 2019

Este artículo analyza la relación entre identidad nacional e a consolidación de la Democracia no caso de Taiwán. Para ello, este artículo se basa en un enfoque teórico constructivista con el fin de argumentar que la identidad no sólo desempeñó un rol clave en la transformación de un régimen autoritario a un sistema democratico sino tamboén ha favorecido la consolidación democrática. Asimismo, se argumenta que la identidad taiwanesa fue moldeada en una experiencia histórica, pero abierta a nuevos desarollos e interpretaciones, en un fenómeno intersubjetivo. Este artículo analiza la postura de los dos principales partidos políticos: el Kuomintang y el Partido Democrático Progressista, en el contexto del escenario internacional. Este artículo concluye que a pesar de las múltiples contradicciones, la identidad ha sido un factor fundamental para consolidar la experiencia democrática en el caso taiwanés.Palabras Claves: Identidad nacional, democracia, legitimidad, Taiwán.
Psicología del Lenguaje Diplomático y Político I: el Lenguaje Oral
Authors: Galindo Edgar
Published: February 2019

Este artículo es un análisis del lenguaje en la diplomacia y la política desde el punto de vista psicológico. Después de una introducción sobre la importancia el lenguaje en la diplomacia, se hace una delimitación del campo, siñalando que será tratado básicamente el lenguage oral, aunque algunas consideraciones son aplicables también al lenguaje escrito. No se pretende analizar la abundante bibliografía existente sobre el tema, sino las aplicaciones de la teoría de los actos del habla (TAH) en la práctica diplomática y política. Se hace un análisis de las maneras de proceder en un intercambio verbal en el que se maneja el lenguaje con objetivos precisos. Se explican las técnicas de reconocimiento de los signos de división social, uso de los pronombres personales para expresar "clusividad", estrategias de conciliación y ""escuchar activamente. Luego se abordan las estrategias de formulación y reformulación (framing y reframing) utilizadas para persuadir al oyente, así como también otras formas de formulación como las técnicas de sugestión y retórica. Se proporcionan numerosos ejemplos tomados de la historia diplomática e política reciente. La conclusión es que la psicología e la psicolingüistica pueden hacer una contribución importante no sólo para explicar las diferentes formas de expresión, sino para enseñar a dominarlas a fin de a resolver situaciones conflictivas.Palabras Clave: Psicología del lenguaje, teoría de los actos del habla, diplomacia, política internacional.
In Memoriam: Lúcio Craveiro da Silva
Authors: Lobo-Fernandes Luís
Published: February 2019

Resumo
Problems of Democratic Transition in Mozambique: A Look over Two Decades of Electoral Politics
Authors: F. da Costa Daniel
Published: February 2019

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Coalition for Security? The SADC Security Community and Lesotho´s Coalition Government
Authors: Moyo Sibusiso , Manyeruke Charity
Published: February 2019

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The Soft Systems Methodology and its Suitability for Portuguese Cooperation
Authors: Sangreman Carlos , Faria Raquel
Published: February 2019

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Falência do Estado-Nação e a Necessidade de Estados Transnacionais. Reflexões a partir de Ulrich Beck
Authors: Vilema Paulo José
Published: February 2019

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"Pior que Inimigos, Irmãos" Sobre a Guerra Civil Portuguesa (1828-1834)
Authors: Carvalho de Matos Fernandez Hugo
Published: February 2019

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The early modern transmission of the ancient Greek romances: a bibliographic survey
Authors: Ricquier Kirsten
Published: February 2019

This contribution offers a new, critical bibliography of translations and editions of the five extant Greek romances in the early modern era, from the beginning of printing to the eighteenth century. By consulting catalogues of libraries, digitalised copies, and secondary literature, I expand, update and correct earlier bibliographies. I identify alleged editions and include creative treatments of the texts as well as incomplete versions. As an interpretation of my survey, I give an overview of broad, changing tendencies throughout the era and filter the dispersion over Europe in a wider area and period than was available so far, in order to get a more complete picture of their distribution. Furthermore, I point to some peculiar (tendencies in) combinations, among the lemmata themselves, as well as with other stories.Kirsten Ricquier studied Classical Philology at Ghent University (Belgium). She is currently a researcher at this institution funded by the European Research Council Starting Grant Novel Saints under the supervision of Professor Koen De Temmerman. Her research concerns the afterlife of ancient prose fiction in medieval Greek hagiography and the early modern era, the classical tradition (particularly in the long 18th century), and genre theory.
Centaurs at the Symposium: Two Types of Hybridity in Lucian
Authors: Hancock Megan
Published: February 2019

Two dialogues of Lucian are discussed in order to further evaluate the critique of contemporary philosophy that so often pervades the author’s satirical works. In Lucian’s Zeuxis and Symposium, the reader is offered two distinct ‘versions’ of the hybrid animal. In the first instance, the traditionally uncivilised centaur is portrayed as almost human in nature and representative of successful hybridity, while the hybrid philosopher-sophist is a corruption of the ideal form.Megan Hancock is a PhD candidate at the University of Tasmania, and her research interests are primarily focussed around the figure of Lucian. Her doctoral thesis assesses the role of hybridity throughout Lucian’s works, and to demonstrate the means by which this theme informs his critique of the philosophers of the Second Sophistic. She is the 2018 recipient of the Tasmanian Friends of the Australian Archaeological Institute at Athens Greek Scholarship, allowing her to study in Greece in the later part of the year.
Yoga as an Innovative Solution for Financial Growth of Companies
Authors: Satpathy Ipseeta , Patnaik B. Chandra Mohan , Das Chandrabhanu
Published: February 2019

The existence of Yoga dates back to more than ten thousand years around India and all nations. The Hindu Mythology considers the genesis of Yoga by incorporating Lord Shiva as Guru and Goddess Parvati as Shishya. Gradually
with the development of civilization mankind assessed the benefits of this spiritual discipline and different leaders propagated the Yoga in different ways.In this era of 21st century Baba Ramdev propagated the yoga sutras with simple and effective
techniques. The Pranayam and Suryanamaskar are the popular routines practiced by many followers of Baba Ramdev. Today Yoga is practiced as a way of Living to prevent Lifestyle diseases, combat stress and rejuvenate self. Yoga has gained immense
popularity over the years with July 21st being celebrated as International Yoga Day. Corporate are also now introducing Yoga for employees as a means to relieve their stress and improve productivity. Long Hours of sitting, standing and excessive use
of electronic gadgets puts pressure on bones, joints and responsible for Lifestyle diseases. Yoga is now increasingly used as a wellness solution replacing high cost antibiotic drugs. Employee well-being leads to Cost Savings in terms of personnel by
reduced payment of Insurance and Medical Bills. The paper studies the Impact of Yoga to Financial benefits in MSME Organizations in Odisha in light of three different perspectives of Internal Control, Inventory management and Cash Flow. The primary
data was collected from a sample of 155 high profile finance executives working in the MSME sector. Ranking Table and Regression Analysis Methodology was used to derive meaningful conclusions. The research takes initiative to transform the
effectiveness of Yoga into improved financial health for the Organization. The observation from the study interprets a positive impact of Yoga on good financial health of Organization.
Technical Efficiency Of Smallholders Of Oil Palm Cultivation In Ogan Komering Ilir
Authors: Fariani Armina , Jamhari Jamhari , Suryantini Any
Published: February 2019

This study aims to (1) identify the factors affecting the production of oil palm cultivation business by the smallholders and (2) identify the technical level as well as factors influencing business inefficiency of oil palm cultivation by the smallholders  in Air Sugihan Sub District of Ogan Komering Ilir Regency, South Sumatera Province.  This research uses the  basic method of analytical descriptive method.  The data were collected by way of observation and direct interviews in the field guided by a questionnaire.  The research location was determined purposively, that is in Pangkalan Damai Village, Air Sugihan Sub-district, Ogan Komering Ilir Municipality, South Sumatera Province. Sampling was conducted using non probabilistic sampling method (purposive sampling).  The research investigated 79 smallholder farmers of oil palm cultivation in Pangkalan Damai village of Air Sugihan Sub-district, Ogan Komering Ilir Municipality, South Sumatera Province.  On the basis of the analysis, it is revealed  that (1) the factors affecting the increase of palm production were labor, land area, TSP fertilizer, NPK fertilizer, organic fertilizer, herbicides and insecticides which also have an effect on decreasing  palm production. (2) Palm plantation business was technically efficient with the average technical level of smallholder palm farmers in Air Sugihan Sub-district of Ogan Komering Ilir Municipality of 0.86090.  Factors that decrease the technical inefficiency in smallholder palm cultivation in Air Sugihan Sub-district of Ogan Komering Ilir Regency were farmers’ education level.  This information can be used by the goverment to improve technical efficiency through education in the form of counseling and training to increase production.
Entrepreneurship Competence Level of Organic Farmers in Yogyakarta Province
Authors: Pratita Dian Galuh , Irham Irham , Mulyo Jangkung Handoyo
Published: February 2019

Business on organic farming is now growing rapidly. Entrepreneurship competence has an important role in improving the organic business growth. Therefore, the objectives of this study are 1) to determine personal competence level such as self confidence, creative, risk taking, focus on problem solving, interpersonal ability, and readiness to learn, 2) to analyze technical competence level such as input creation skills, increasing production skills, and enhancing quality skills, and 3) to know the management competence levels namely general planning abilities, monitoring and evaluation, networking, customer management and marketing management. This study was conducted in Bantul, Sleman, and Kulon Progo Districts of Yogyakarta Province among organic rice, fruit, and vegetable farmers. A purposive technique was used to select 90 farmers. Normalized Rank Order method is applied to develop the scale, while Entrepreneurship Behavior Index (EBI) is used to assess the personal, technical, and management competence levels. The entrepreneurial dimension competence assumed different scale values from 5.72 to 1.00, with self confidence getting the highest scale.  The result showed organic rice, fruit, and vegetable farmers have high in some of competence. Furthermore, it still need to be increased the management, personal, and technical competence among the organic farmers.
Financial Feasibility Of The Vaname Shrimp Farming Business In The Purworejo Regency
Authors: Makalingga Putri , Suryantini Any , Waluyati Lestari Rahayu
Published: February 2019

The study concerned here was aimed at determining the financial feasibility of vaname shrimp farming business in the Purworejo Regency. It used a descriptive method of analysis. The data analyzed were primary and secondary data. The research site was determined purposively (i.e., via purposive sampling) in the Purworejo District by considering the vaname shrimp cultivation there. The analysis used the financial feasibility analysis, Net Present Value (NPV), Internal Rate of Return (IRR), and Net Benefit/Cost Ratio (Net B/C Ratio). The result concerning financial feasibility was obtained from the earnings of vaname shrimp farming business amounting to 1,415,992,500 IDR (Rp 1,415,992,500, with IDR or Rp referring to Indonesian rupiah as USD is to US dollar) with the total cost incurred in one year of production estimated to be 364,207,148 IDR, a revenue of 1,051,785,352 IDR, a profit of 999,196,084 IDR, an NPV (NPV>1 as criterion) of 2,539,407,216 IDR, an IRR (IRR>interest rate of 7.6% as criterion) of 98%, and a Net B/C Ratio (net B/C ratio>1 as criterion) of 2.01. Thus, from the results of the financial feasibility analysis, it could be concluded that the business of vaname shrimp farming in the Purworejo Regency is feasible to run. Based on the research concerned here, the suggestions that could be given concerning the activities of shrimp farming business are workforce training and guidance are given to improve the competitiveness of the farmers. Farmers must know about how to cultivate good fish with the quality of fishery products and becoming responsible farmers.
Dynamics of Storage Materials in Cotyledon During Cocoa Seed Germination
Authors: Sakiroh Sakiroh , Taryono Taryono , Purwanti Setyastuti
Published: February 2019

Degradation of carbohydrate, protein and lipid food reserves occurs in the seed germination process to produce energy for germination and further growing. This study aimed to determine dynamics the content of protein, carbohydrates, and lipid in cotyledon of seed clon i.e. Sca 6, RCC 70, RCC 71 and KKM 22 during germination. The experiment used completely randomized design consisted of four replications with 4 treatments. In each cocoa germination phases i.e. before germination, phase II (bend/curved phase), cotyledon emergence, leaves emergence and fall of cotyledon from the sprouts. This observation were water content, ash content, lipid, soluble protein, total protein and carbohydrate content. The results of the experiment showed that during germination, there was an increase of water content in cotyledon from the bend phase to the leaf emergence and decrease in the phase of fall of cotyledon The highest water content was observed in the leaf emergence phase as high as 69.42%. The content of ash content, dissolved protein, total protein and carbohydrates in cotyledon fluctuated during the bend phase until the leaf emergence and increased in the phase of fal of cotyledon. ipid content has decreased from the bend phase until the fall of cotyledons. Carbohydrate levels have increased from the bend phase to the fall of cotyledons. The speed of degradation procces of seed stored material (water, lipid, protein and carbohydrate content) during germination is affected by differences in seed clones. The Scavina 6 and KKM 22 clones entered the bend phase and the realease of cotyledon.
Small Business Startup Funding for Youth Employment in Nigeria
Authors: Akaeze Dr. Nana A. , Akaeze Dr. Christian O.
Published: February 2019

Jobs are generated by initiating and growing small businesses within underdeveloped economies. Unemployment among youths is a critical problem confronting Nigeria (Nwogwugwu & Irechukwu, 2015). Unemployment leads to less growth and a drop-in consumer spending. Increased unemployment generates lowered business output. Unemployment results in welfare loss from lowered output, income, and wellbeing which hinder social progress of nations. Nevertheless, unemployed youths with small business initiatives experience financial constraints and lack access to startup capitals. The purpose of this study was to explore experiences of some owners who succeeded despite lack of access to formal and informal sources of initial capitals. Data was collected through semi-structured interviews with 15 small business owners in Lagos who started as unemployed youths. We purposefully selected participants, used thematic for data analysis, NVivo 10 software for coding and interpretation. Findings revealed 3 critical challenges to access initial capitals for startups by unemployed youths including: (a) inability to provide collaterals, (b) Reliance on insufficient private finance and short term overdrafts, and (c) bureaucracy. Result may become basis for future interventions and support programs. Authorities and youth leaders could use information for trainings and support programs to help unemployed youth access startup capitals for small business.
Uji Aktivitas Antioksidan Kulit Buah Pulasan (Nephelium mutabile Blume) Dan Bunga Turi Putih (Sesbania grandiflora) Dengan Metoda DPPH
Authors: Fadhli Haiyul , Rizky Soeharto Andika Bharada , Windarti Tia
Published: February 2019

Telah dilakukan penelitian tentang uji aktivitas antioksidan ekstrak kulit buah Pulasan (Nephelium mutabile Blume) dan bunga Turi Putih (Sesbania grandiflora). Ekstrak ekstrak kulit buah Pulasan (N. mutabile Blume) dan bunga Turi Putih (S. grandiflora) diperoleh secara terpisah dengan maserasi. Uji aktivitas antioksidan diuji dengan metode DPPH. Aktivitas antioksidan ditunjukkan dengan nilai IC50, pada ekstrak n-heksana kulit buah Pulasan > 1000 µg/ml; ekstrak etil asetat kulit buah Pulasan 468,24 µg/ml; ekstrak metanol kulit buah Pulasan 57,38 µg/ml; ekstrak n-heksana bunga Turi Putih > 1000 µg/ml; ekstrak etil asetat bunga Turi Putih > 1000 µg/ml; ekstrak metanol bunga Turi Putih 836,91 µg/ml
Fotolisis Senyawa Parasetamol Yang Berpotensi Dalam Penanganan Limbah Obat
Authors: Fendri Sandra Tri Juli , Nofiandi Dedi , Wardi Epi Supri , Yuris Aprila Reza
Published: February 2019

Parasetamol merupakan salah satu obat analgetik dan antipiretik paling popular dan banyak digunakan. Konsentrasi parasetamol dalam air limbah akan naik dengan meningkatnya produksi parasetamol. Suatu alternatif dalam menjawab permasalahan tersebut adalah dengan prosespengolahan limbah secara kimia menggunakan metoda fotolisis. Degradasi parasetamol telah dilakukan dengan metoda fotolisis menggunakan lampu UV 10 watt (λ = 253nm) dan (λ =352 nm).Analisis hasil degradasi menggunakan Spektrofotometer UV-Vis dan HPLC pada panjang gelombang 256 nm. Pengukuran dengan Spektrofotometer UV-Vis dan HPLC ini menunjukkan penurunan absorban dari senyawa parasetamol setelah didegradasi. Degradasi parasetamol8 mg/Lsetelah dilakukan fotolisis selama 180 menit menggunakan lampu UV (λ = 253nm) dan gabungan (λ = 253nm dan 352 nm) menghasilkan persentase degradasi berturut-turut sebesar 75,57 % dan 80,53 %. Sedangkan dengan menggunakan lampu UV (λ = 352 nm) menghasilkan sedikit peningkatan nilai absorban. Analisis dengan HPLC menunjukkan adanya puncak dari senyawa intermediet larutan parasetamol yang terbentuk selama proses degradasi.
PENGEMBANGAN PULAU-PULAU KECIL BERBASIS POTENSI LOKAL (Aplikasi Model Pada Kepulauan Raas, Gayam, Dan Nonggunong Di Kabupaten Sumenep)
Authors: Sutikno .
Published: February 2019

To the effect that wants to be reached deep observational it is: (a ) Identify isle economy potencies (b ) Determine superior commodity that can be made as individuality on isles (c ) Determines tipologi potencies based isles economic and utility farms (zonasi is farm); (d. ) Determines satuan isle development regions bases economic potency equalities and geographical positions. Base identification and analisis is region 3 isles, therefore developmental model design isle are as follows: Isle development that is at Sumenep's Regency is directed to formation five strategic regions, which is; (1 ) perikana's Areas conducting goes out to sea; (2 ) conducting developmental Areas brackish; 3 ) crossing port Areas and fishery; (4 ) tourism developmental Areas; and (5 ) conducting Area and lindung (Conservation) at coast and salt water.