bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Comparison of clinical characteristics between fecal/perianal swab nucleic acid-positive and -negative patients with COVID-19
Authors: Chen Gong-Qi , Luo Wen-Tao , Zhao Chao-Hui , Li Chun-Na , Hong Zhong-Si , Xia Jin-Yu , Liu Xi
Published: September 2020

Introduction: We analyzed the clinical characteristics of COVID-19 fecal/perianal swab nucleic acid-positive patients in our hospital and evaluated the effect of SARS-CoV-2 on the gastrointestinal tract.

Methodology: Ninety-seven patients in the Fifth Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University from January 17, 2020 to March 2, 2020 with fecal/perianal swab samples were selected as subjects and the results of real-time fluorescence reverse transcriptase-PCR SARS-CoV-2 nucleic acid detection of fecal/perianal swabs were used to divide subjects into positive and negative groups.

Results: Fecal/perianal swabs of 53.61% (52/97) patients were positive including 31 males (59.62%) and 21 females (40.38%). The negative group had more females than males (P = 0.001). The distribution of case classification based on the most severe condition observed after admission was different between groups: five (5.15%) critical type patients were all from the positive group (P = 0.029). There was no statistical difference in clinical manifestations between the groups. In the positive group, the mean nucleic acid-negative conversion time was 14.13 ± 8.61 days, which was significantly later than the negative group (6.98 ± 5.16 days; P < 0.001). In the positive group, 92% (48/52) had nucleic acid-negative conversion with a mean nucleic acid-negative conversion time of 22.58 ± 10.30 days. Among them, 41 (78.85%) cases were delayed compared with pharynx/nasal swab nucleic acid-negative conversion time.

Conclusions: The positive rate of fecal/perianal swab nucleic acid in male patients was higher than that in female patients. Fecal/perianal swab nucleic acid positive may be an indicator of critical conditions in those with COVID-19.
COVID-19 Pandemic’s precautionary measures had hit the reset button of the quality of life at different aspects
Authors: Alsayedahmed Huda H
Published: September 2020

COVID-19 is a novel coronavirus that emerged in Wuhan-China during the last quarter in 2019 and caused an infectious respiratory disease pandemic. The strategy of “Attack and Defend” was attempted to mitigate COVID-19 crisis worldwide. A list of precautionary measures were set by healthcare professional experts to protect public from infection, social physical distancing measures being the most efficient. On the other hand, Occupational Safety and Health Administration (OSHA) has established protective guidelines for healthcare workers to guarantee a healthy workplace and safe environment. The physical distancing measures have obviously reshaped the relationship between family members leading to better quality of family life. Meanwhile, travel suspension also led to slightly higher health standards with less air pollution, lower traffic induced stress levels and subsequently a greener footprint. Herein, we intend to highlight the impact of COVID-19 pandemic protective measures on family connections, as well as on environmental health. Moreover, we aimed at pointing out the effect on Saudi Arabian cultural and humanitarian behavior in dealing with the pandemic under the governance care of the custodian of the two holy mosques; King Salman Al-Saud. In fact, a combination of restrictive and protective measures is the most efficient to curb COVID-19 spread. In addition to improving the quality of social life, this pandemic revealed a healthier climate, which will certainly be visible on a large scale. Certainly, all together with solidarity we will be able to restrain COVID-19 pandemic and have a better quality of life.
COVID-19 Sustainable lockdown exit plan - the Nigerian Model
Authors: Odumosu Bamidele Tolulope , Suleiman Ahmed Babangida
Published: September 2020

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Perception and practice of social distancing among Egyptians in COVID-19 pandemic
Authors: Bakry Huny Mohamed , Waly Eman Hassan
Published: September 2020

Introduction: Social distancing is principally intended to reduce infectious disease transmission by decreasing interactions among people in a broader community. Keeping social distancing is an essential public health measure to resist the COVID-19 pandemic.

Methodology: a cross sectional study was conducted among 1,036 Egyptians using an online questionnaire between 5 and 10 May 2020.

Results: There was significant association between the practice of social distancing and some sociodemographic factors as sex, age, education, working status, and place of residence at p value < 0.001 and with community of residence at p value 0.021.

Conclusions: Egyptians had good perception for social distancing to prevent transmission of COVID 19, but they were not strictly practicing it.
A checklist of vascular plants and uses of some species for livelihood-making in Setiu Wetlands, Terengganu, Malaysia
Authors: Salim Jamilah Mohd , Lee Gaik Ee , Salam Muhamad Razali , Shahimi Salwa , Pesiu Elizabeth , Jani Jarina Mohd , Horsali Nurul Amira Izzaty , Shahrudin Rohani , Nor Siti Mariam Muhammad , Chong Ju Lian , Mohamad Faridah , Raffi Akmal , Nikong Dome
Published: September 2020

The Setiu Wetlands, a unique area with nine interconnected habitats, comprises a considerable fraction of the total Peninsular Malaysia’s wetland flora. Although botanical collecting in the area has been active in the past 10 years, only a few studies dealing with the wetland flora have been published. Thus, a detailed checklist of this area is urgently needed to ensure the continuity of its inter-relating flora and fauna, as well as the livelihood of the local people. In this work we conducted a survey of the vascular plant flora of Setiu Wetlands and investigated the most important plants used by the local communities. Our checklist accounts for 406 taxa from 277 genera and 106 families, including 24 (6%) species of ferns and lycophytes, three gymnosperms, 257 (64%) dicotyledons and 122 (30%) monocotyledons. This comprehensive plant checklist will be a primary reference for the management of the newly gazetted Setiu Wetlands State Park covering more than 400 hectares of lands and water bodies.
The rediscovery of Uraria lacei Craib (Leguminosae) after 67 years from India
Authors: Gogoi Jahnabi , Rana Tikam Singh
Published: September 2020

Manipur is one of the biodiversity-rich states in the North-Eastern region of India, and it is also part of the Indo-Burma biodiversity hotspot with rich plant diversity and endemism. Recent field exploration in the area has resulted in the rediscovery of Uraria lacei Craib after 67 years from its last collection in 1952. The rediscovery of this beautiful species fills a gap in the current distribution knowledge and should pave the way for its immediate conservation and propagation.
Le secteur financier face au choc du COVID-19
Authors: Odier Arnaud
Published: September 2020

Les mesures de confinement prises pour endiguer l’épidémie de COVID-19 ont provoqué une crise économique inédite. Celle-ci n’est pas comparable à la crise financière de 2008, dont la cause était endogène. Pour limiter l’impact de la récession, les gouvernants creusent les déficits publics et comptent sur l’intervention des banques centrales. La reprise économique et la sauvegarde de l’emploi dépendront de la capacité du secteur financier à se mettre au service de l’économie réelle.
La ville, champ de bataille d’hier à demain
Authors: Santoni Pierre
Published: September 2020

Historiquement, les guerres se sont davantage déroulées autour des villes que dans les villes. La zone urbaine est devenue un champ de bataille moderne à partir des années 1930. Elle agit comme un égalisateur de forces entre les armées les plus avancées et les groupes non-étatiques moins bien équipés, comme l’a encore montré récemment la bataille de Mossoul. L’emploi des robots militaires est amené à se développer et leurs impacts sur les conflits sont difficiles à anticiper.
Sortir de l’impasse euro-américaine
Authors: Howorth Jolyon
Published: September 2020

Les divergences euro-américaines sur la sécurité du Vieux Continent sont tout sauf nouvelles : mais elles s’aggravent avec les tentations d’éloignement américaines, et avec l’impuissance européenne, qui se manifeste devant chaque crise. L’Europe ne pourrait s’affirmer comme puissance stratégique que si ses membres s’accordaient sur une analyse de leurs environnements et de leurs intérêts, et en négociant avec les États-Unis un nouveau partage de compétence dans l’Alliance atlantique.
La ciudad ibérica de Masies de Sant Miquel (Banyeres del Penedès, Tarragona) entre los siglos VII-III a. C. Resultados de una investigación con métodos no invasivos
Authors: Noguera Jaume , Sanmartí Joan , Belarte Maria Carme , Sala Roger , Morer Jordi , Asensio David , Ble Eduard , Jornet Rafel , Revilla Víctor , Pou Josep
Published: September 2020

Se presentan los resultados históricos derivados de la primera fase de la investigación sobre este importante yacimiento, realizada exclusivamente a partir de métodos no invasivos. Los datos recuperados a partir de la prospección pedestre y geofísica han permitido verificar la condición urbana del asentamiento, atestiguada tanto por sus dimensiones como por su complejidad estructural y la naturaleza de los materiales muebles recuperados, que sugieren actividades económicas especializadas y la coexistencia de distintos sectores sociales. La desaparición del asentamiento en torno a 200 a. C. confirma el profundo impacto de la conquista romana en los patrones de poblamiento del mundo ibérico septentrional.
Un asentamiento de época púnica en la campiña costera de la Bahía de Cádiz. Estructuras, fases de uso y contextos materiales de Puerto-19
Authors: Sáez Romero Antonio M. , Gutiérrez López José María , Reinoso del Río María Cristina
Published: September 2020

Entre los años 1996-1997 diversas actuaciones de urgencia dieron como resultado la excavación de los principales componentes de un saladero púnico de pescado situado en la zona de Pinar Hondo de la localidad gaditana de El Puerto de Santa María. Los resultados de estas intervenciones fueron posteriormente dados a conocer de forma preliminar, proporcionando una visión parcial de las características de las estructuras y materiales de Puerto-19. El estudio de los materiales recuperados en dichas excavaciones durante los años 2008-2010 ha permitido revisar estas primeras propuestas y definir una nueva secuencia de evolución del asentamiento, además de caracterizar con más detalle los componentes materiales de sus diversas fases de vida. A lo largo de tres fases principales, el enclave evolucionó desde la segunda mitad del siglo VI hasta las últimas décadas del III a. C. desde un saladero de pescado (Edificio A) hasta una construcción probablemente multifuncional (Edificio B), seguramente abandonada antes de la conquista romana de la zona en relación con la II Guerra Púnica.
Métodos y problemas interpretativos en los estudios de cerámica utilitaria: los materiales cerámicos y sus limitaciones en el yacimiento de Revenga, Burgos (s. VI-XI)
Authors: Travé Allepuz Esther , Álvaro Rueda M. Karen , Domingo Ribas Guillem
Published: September 2020

A lo largo de los últimos años las excavaciones arqueológicas llevadas a cabo en el yacimiento de Revenga (Comunero de Revenga, Burgos) han permitido recuperar algunos materiales cerámicos de cronologías tardoantiguas y altomedievales. Dado su estado de conservación muy precario, el carácter utilitario de este tipo de producciones y las dificultades que aún hoy existen en el estudio de la cerámica común altomedieval, dichos materiales plantean algunos problemas interpretativos que hemos intentado resolver a partir de una caracterización petrográfica de los mismos. Los resultados obtenidos aportan nuevos datos muy significativos para el conocimiento de las comunidades del Alto Arlanza, permiten precisar las distintas fases de ocupación del asentamiento de Revenga y abren nuevas perspectivas para la investigación futura.
Cerámicas altomedievales en contextos rurales del centro y noroeste peninsular: secuencia cronotipológica, tecnología y regionalización productiva
Authors: Tejerizo-García Carlos
Published: September 2020

En este trabajo se presentan los resultados de una detallada revisión de la cerámica doméstica de época altomedieval de una treintena de yacimientos del centro y noroeste peninsular. Mediante un análisis basado en las cadenas tecnológico-operativas se propone una secuenciación de los repertorios cerámicos entre los siglos V y VIII d. n. e. en torno a tres variables principales: tecnológica, formal y regional. De esta manera se propone una seriación cerámica de los conjuntos dividida en varias fases que permite una aproximación histórica en términos sociales y políticos a las sociedades altomedievales de este territorio.
“I Want to Be a Herpetologist!”
Authors: Scott Catherine Marie , Sheffield Adriane
Published: September 2020

The out-of-doors provides unique opportunities to engage youth in the natural environment and to teach STEM content in a more informal setting. In this chapter, the authors share findings from a study focused on elementary-aged students as they participated in a week-long herpetology (the study of reptiles and amphibians) program at an environmental education center. Informal science education centers provide a context for participants to use STEM to address local, place-based issues, exercise agency in how they practice autonomy within learning activities, and broaden their perceptions of what it means to “do science” through participation in normative scientific practices. However, there is a dearth of literature addressing the use and benefits of environmental education. Using a lens focused on agency and normative scientific practices, the authors examine the ways engagement in environmental education impact participants' perceptions of their abilities to engage in STEM-related practices.
Island Ecology for Educators
Authors: Taylor Amy R. , Kubasko Jr. Dennis S.
Published: September 2020

Island Ecology for Educators is an interdisciplinary course that is cross-listed between environmental studies and education students engaging both undergraduate and graduate students. This chapter aims to contribute to our understanding of environmental education practices by introducing the TTIP Teaching Model addressing (1) the importance of teaching about and in nature, (2) issues of teaching in the digital age, (3) benefits derived from interdisciplinary courses, and (4) building partnerships in your community. The TTIP model is the framework that the authors developed and adapted for creating an engaging platform for learning and teaching of environmental education and blends the aspects of teaching outdoors (T), technology inclusion (T), interdisciplinary courses (I), and partnering with experts (P). The discussion includes the outcomes of the course and recommendations for how to design similar environmental education courses using the TTIP Teaching model focusing on content application, pedagogical application, technology infusion, and partnership creation.
Survey on VANET and Various Applications of Internet of Things
Authors: R. Nithiavathy , E. Udayakumar , K. Srihari
Published: September 2020

The user of the cloud storage can store an enormous amount of the data without any worries of the local maintenances of hardware and software. The user outsources the data and takes security control in order to maintain the reliability of the data. The data deposited in the cloud server is under frequent audit to the user to check the correctness of the service provider using wireless networks. The user can service a third-party checker to do the security audit on behalf of them for managing time constraints. The confidentiality of the data outsourced is preserved as of the third-party checker also. The system should be more efficient build for securing the data from various vulnerabilities. The proposed audit mechanism satisfies the user by providing integrity of the data stored simultaneously effectively and efficiently using VANET.
Two-Stage Non-Cooperative Game Model for Vertical Handoffs in Heterogeneous Wireless Networks
Authors: Goyal Pramod Kumar , Singh Pawan
Published: September 2020

In a heterogeneous wireless network (HWN) environment, performing an efficient vertical handoff requires the efficient qualitative evaluation of all stakeholders like wireless networks (WN) and mobile users (MU) and mutual selection of best WN-MU. In the literature, most of the work deals with both these requirements jointly in the techniques proposed by them for the vertical handoffs (VHO) in HWNs, leaving very little scope to manipulate the above requirements independently. This may result in inefficient vertical handoffs. Hence, this chapter proposed a generalized two-stage two players, iterative non-cooperative game model. This model presents a modular framework that separates the quantitative evaluation of WNs and MUs (at Stage 1) from the game formulation and solution (at Stage 2) for mutual selection of best WN-MU pair for VHO. The simulation results show a substantial reduction in the number of vertical handoffs with the proposed game theory-based two-stage model as compared to a single-stage non-game theory method like multiple attribute decision making.
A Fuzzy Multi-Criteria Decision-Making Method for Managing Network Security Risk Perspective
Authors: Khan Suhel Ahmad , Khan Waris , Pandey Dhirendra
Published: September 2020

Security threats evaluation accepts a pivotal part in network security management. In this chapter, the author has depicted the significant measures and parameters with respect to huge industry/organizational prerequisites for building up a secure network. The existing fuzzy model is a combination of fuzzy techniques and expert's opinions. The work aims to manage network security risks during D2D data communication through the network to optimize security assurance. The idea is to provide a means of security risk assessment during D2D data communication through the network. Security risks are those that prevent the accomplishment of the objectives specified by developers as well as organizations. The basic idea of the proposed work is to identify and prioritize the security risks methods, which is used to find the problems and fix them only to minimize cost, rework, and time. The work examines the effect of multi-criteria decision analysis methods for security risk assessment.
Vehicle Monitoring and Surveillance Through Vehicular Sensor Network
Authors: Singh Pooja
Published: September 2020

There are a lot of prospects of the vehicular network, including the artificial neural networks incorporating a wireless sensor network. Its number comes after the mobile communication network and the internet. The network is characterized by more through measure and sense and exhibits more comfortable operability and intelligence. A wireless sensor network can be simply defined as “a network of wireless devices using sensors to monitors and recording the physical conditions of the environment and organizing the collected data at a central location.” WSNs measure environmental conditions like temperature, sound, pollution levels, humidity, wind speed and direction, pressure, etc. Thus, wireless sensor networks are widely used for fulfilling the essential needs of environmental sensing applications. These applications show the broad ranges in precision agriculture, monitoring of the vehicle, and video surveillance.
Video Classification Using 3D Convolutional Neural Network
Authors: Naik K. Jairam , Soni Annukriti
Published: September 2020

Since video includes both temporal and spatial features, it has become a fascinating classification problem. Each frame within a video holds important information called spatial information, as does the context of that frame relative to the frames before it in time called temporal information. Several methods have been invented for video classification, but each one is suffering from its own drawback. One of such method is called convolutional neural networks (CNN) model. It is a category of deep learning neural network model that can turn directly on the underdone inputs. However, such models are recently limited to handling two-dimensional inputs only. This chapter implements a three-dimensional convolutional neural networks (CNN) model for video classification to analyse the classification accuracy gained using the 3D CNN model. The 3D convolutional networks are preferred for video classification since they inherently apply convolutions in the 3D space.
Building an IPFS and Blockchain-Based Decentralized Storage Model for Medical Imaging
Authors: Kumar Randhir , Tripathi Rakesh
Published: September 2020

Currently, sharing and access of medical imaging is a significant element of present healthcare systems, but the existing infrastructure of medical image sharing depends on third-party approval. In this chapter, the authors have proposed a framework in order to provide a decentralized storage model for medical image sharing through IPFS and blockchain technology that remove the hurdle of third-party dependency. In the proposed model, the authors are sharing the imaging and communications in medicine (DICOM) medical images, which consist of various information related to disease, and hence, the framework can be utilized in the real-time application of the healthcare system. Moreover, the framework maintains the feature of immutability, privacy, and availability of information owing to the blockchain-based decentralized storage model. Furthermore, the authors have also discussed how the information can be accessed by the peers in the blockchain network with the help of consensus. To implement the framework, they have used the python ask and anaconda python.
An Efficient Automatic Intrusion Detection in Cloud Using Optimized Fuzzy Inference System
Authors: Shyla S. Immaculate , Sujatha S.S.
Published: September 2020

Security incidents such as denial of service (DoS), scanning, malware code injection, viruses, worms, and password cracking are becoming common in a cloud environment that affects companies and may produce a financial loss if not detected in time. Such problems are handled by presenting an intrusion detection system (IDS) into the cloud. The existing cloud IDSs affect low detection accuracy, high false detection rate, and execution time. To overcome this problem, in this article, a gravitational search algorithm-based fuzzy inference system (GSA-FIS) is developed as intrusion detection. In this approach, fuzzy parameters are optimized using GSA. The proposed consist of two modules namely; possibilistic fuzzy c-means (PFCM) based clustering, training based on the GSA-FIS, and testing process. Initially, the incoming data is pre-processed and clustered with the help of PFCM. PFCM detects the noise of fuzzy c-means clustering (FCM), then conquers the coincident cluster problem of possibilistic fuzzy c-means (PCM) and eradicate the row sum constraints of fuzzy possibilistic c-means clustering (FPCM). After the clustering process, the clustered data is given to the optimized fuzzy inference system (OFIS). Here, normal and abnormal data are identified by the fuzzy score, while the training is done by the GSA through optimizing the entire fuzzy system. In this approach, four types of abnormal data are detected namely- probe, remote to local (R2L), user to root (U2R), and DoS. Simulation results show that the performance of the proposed GSA-FIS based IDS outperforms that of the different schemes in terms of precision, recall and F-measure.
Investigating User Perceptions of Mobile App Privacy
Authors: Besmer Andrew R. , Watson Jason , Banks M. Shane
Published: September 2020

Mobile devices and third-party applications are used by over 4.5 billion people worldwide. Third-party applications often request or even require authorized access to personal information through mobile device components. Application developers explain the need for access in their privacy policies, yet many users are concerned about the privacy implications of allowing access to their personal information. This article explores how user perceptions of privacy affect user sentiment by analyzing over five million user-submitted text reviews and star ratings collected over a four-year period. The authors use supervised machine learning to classify privacy and non-privacy-related reviews. The authors then use natural language processing sentiment analysis to compare differences between the groups. Additionally, the article explores various aspects of both privacy and non-privacy-related reviews using self-reported measurements such as star rating and helpfulness tags.
Obtaining the Similarity Value of Human Body Motions Through Their Sub Motions
Authors: Pham Truong Hong Ngan , Hochin Teruhisa , Nomiya Hiroki
Published: September 2020

This article proposes a method of measuring human body motions by using the similarity measure through a 3D chain code. The method of deriving pauses in human body motions and splitting a motion into sub motions by pauses are also introduced. The requirements of sub motions to represent the similar parts between two motions are clearly explained. The pause waveform of basic human body motions is obtained and is used to split motions into sub motions. Two options of the proposed method are evaluated by experiments. The tests for statistical significance are used in evaluating the effectiveness of the method. The result shows that the first option of the method is effective in enhancing the performing time. It is shown that the proposed method is effective in measuring the similarity of human body motions.
 Os determinantes sociais e a mortalidade prematura por doença crônica não transmissível: um scoping review/Social determinants and premature mortality for non-communicable chronic disease: a scoping review
Authors: Teixeira Carla Regina de Souza , Istilli Plinio Tadeu , Arroyo Luiz Henrique , Arcêncio Ricardo Alexandre , Lima Rafael Aparecido Dias , Zanetti Maria Lúcia , Gallardo Maria del Pilar Serrano
Published: September 2020

Objetivo: identificar as evidências científicas disponíveis sobre os determinantes sociais da saúde, relacionados à mortalidade prematura por doenças crônicas não transmissíveis. Método: trata-se de um estudo de revisão da literatura utilizando o método scoping review, o qual foi realizado no período de 10 de abril a 12 de julho de 2020, nas seguintes bases de dados:Medical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System Online (MEDLINE), Cumulative Index to Nursing and Allied Health literature (CINAHL), e Web of Science e nas bibliotecas Scientific Electronic Library Online (SciELO) e Biblioteca Virtual em Saúde (BVS). Foram utilizadas as etapas de identificação e seleção dos estudos; mapeamento dos dados; confrontação e discussão dos resultados. Resultados: evidenciou-se, pelos 13 artigos analisados,que a mortalidade prematura por doença crônica não transmissível está fortemente relacionada aos determinantes sociais da saúde, com destaque ao sexo masculino, escolaridade e renda. Conclusão: os resultados impõem novos desafios aos profissionais de saúde para implementação de políticas públicas e contribuem para a vigilância em saúde, em relação a mortalidade prematura por doenças crônicas não transmissíveis.
The Midcontinent Rift and its mineral systems: overview and temporal constraints of Ni-Cu-PGE mineralized intrusions
Authors: Bleeker W , Smith J , Hamilton M , Kamo S , Liikane D , Hollings P , Cundari R , Easton M , Davis D
Published: September 2020

In an effort to better understand the spatial and temporal distributions of mineralized intrusions of the Midcontinent Rift (MCR), and what controls their style of magmatic Ni-Cu-PGE sulphide mineralization, we have compiled an overview of all known intrusions
and their ages. We provide new U-Pb ages for more than ten such intrusions and/or their associated dyke systems. A number of these investigations are still in progress, and all ages should be treated as preliminary. Nevertheless, we discuss new results on the mineralized Current Lake, Sunday Lake,
Tamarack, and Crystal Lake intrusions, as well as the Bovine Igneous Complex on the southern flank of the MCR. These new results, as well as improved ages for a number of the associated major dyke swarms and sill complexes (e.g. the Logan Sills), favour a relatively sharp onset of high-volume
mafic-ultramafic magmatism in the MCR at ca. 1110 to 1106 Ma, although a few of the older age "outliers" remain to be tested. Mineralized intrusions are not confined to any specific magmatic pulse but are distributed through time, correlating with the major magmatic pulses at 1110-1106 Ma (e.g.
Current Lake), 1104 Ma (Tamarack), of course at 1099 Ma (Duluth Complex), to as young as 1093 Ma (Crystal Lake). All these intrusions are dynamic, multi-phase, feeder-type systems. A major "post-Duluth Complex" reorganization in the magmatic plumbing system is identified starting at ca. 1097-1096
Ma, with magmatism contracting into a linear feeding zone along the northwestern shore of Lake Superior-the "north shore magmatic feeder zone" or NSMFZ-cored by the major Pigeon River dyke swarm. This feeder zone, a major magmatic fissure system, likely fed the entire lava flow field of the Portage
Lake Volcanic Group, which extends to both sides of Lake Superior.
The composition of magnetite in Archean mafic-ultramafic intrusions within the Superior Province
Authors: Sappin A -A , Houlé M G
Published: September 2020

The mineral chemistry of magnetite from eleven Archean mafic, mafic-ultramafic, and ultramafic intrusions within the Superior Province was determined to be used as a petrogenetic indicator and to identify the most prospective areas for exploration of Fe-Ti-V and
Fe-Ti-P mineralization. The composition of magnetite is influenced by the presence of exsolutions and inclusions (e.g. ilmenite, Al-spinel), the type of parental melt (e.g. komatiitic, basaltic) and its Ti contents (e.g. high-Ti or low-Ti parental magmas), and the element partitioning with
co-crystallized minerals (e.g. clinopyroxene) or previously crystallized minerals (e.g. chromite). The overall composition of magnetite, however, appears to be mainly independent of the host-rock type. The composition of magnetite in compatible (e.g. Mg, Co, V, Ni, and Cr) and incompatible (e.g. Al,
Ga, Mn, Ti, Zn) elements during fractionation processes also provides useful information about the degree of differentiation of the host intrusions. Among the studied intrusions with a mafic-dominated composition, the Riviere Bell and Lac Dore complexes appear to be the most evolved, whereas the
Croal Lake, Big Mac, Butler, and Wabassi Main intrusions and the Highbank-Fishtrap intrusive complex are the most primitive. Furthermore, the variation of the minor and trace element contents of the magnetite could be used to determine the internal stratigraphy within the mafic to ultramafic
intrusions. For example, in the mafic-dominated Big Mac intrusion and in the ultramafic-dominated Baie Chapus Pyroxenite, the more vent-proximal facies appear to be located to the north and to the east, respectively. In addition, the V and Ni+Cr contents of magnetite from the Big Mac intrusion
suggest that the northern part of this intrusion is a prospective area for Fe-Ti-V mineralization, whereas the southern part has more potential for Fe-Ti-P mineralization. In the Baie Chapus Pyroxenite, the concentrations in V and Ni+Cr in magnetite support the prospectivity of this intrusion for
Fe-Ti-V mineralization. Magnetite from the oxide-bearing mafic to ultramafic rocks and the semi-massive to massive Fe-Ti oxide layers have lower Ti+V values than expected, with magnetite compositions plotting within the fields for hydrothermal deposits in Ni/(Cr+Mn) versus Ti+V, Ca+Al+Mn versus
Ti+V, and Ni+Cr versus Ti+V discrimination diagrams. Considering that the Fe-Ti-V deposit fields in these diagrams were mostly defined based on Fe-oxides hosted within Proterozoic and Phanerozoic Fe-Ti deposits, the preliminary results presented here suggest there may be a specific signature for
magnetite from Archean Fe-Ti-V-oxide-bearing intrusions. However, further work is required to confirm this distinct signature to the Archean.
The 1791 magnitude (Mw) 5.5 earthquake, Charlevoix, Quebec: interpretation of macroseismic information
Authors: Lamontagne M
Published: September 2020

The December 6, 1791 magnitude 6 Charlevoix earthquake occurred at approximately 8:00 p.m. local time (December 7, 1791, 01:00 U.T.). Based on felt reports, the epicentre of the main shock is located near the St. Lawrence River in the area enclosing on the North
Shore, Baie St-Paul and the Île-auxCoudres and on the south shore, the town of Kamouraska. These three places sustained the most damage from the earthquake, mostly to house wares and masonry chimneys. The churches of Bas-des-Éboulements (now St-Joseph-dela-Rive) and Kamouraska were
damaged. In the following weeks, dozens of aftershocks continued to shake the epicentral area, keeping local residents on high alert.
The 1791 earthquake is one of five known moment magnitude 5.5 to 7 events that have occurred in the Charlevoix Seismic Zone (CSZ) between 1663 and the present. Given that this earthquake occurred in the late 1700's and far from major cities, felt accounts and newspaper reports are limited in number.
It was felt in Quebec City but not reported felt in Montreal, New England or New Brunswick. This Open File Report presents the macroseismic information and its ratings on the Modified Mercalli Scale for a total of nine locations in Canada. For each locality, the felt information is rated on the
Modified Mercalli intensity (MMI) scale and tabulated in a Microsoft Excel sheet. The text of some of the newspaper accounts were copied. The Open File also provides a GoogleEarth kmz file that allows the felt information reports to be viewed in a spatial tool.
Short-term outcomes of the conversion of one anastomosis gastric bypass to Roux-en-Y gastric bypass in symptomatic reflux patients without revising the size of the gastric pouch
Authors: Kermansaravi Mohammad , Abbas Aamir , Pishgahroudsari Mohadeseh , Pazouki Abdolreza
Published: September 2020

Background:

Revising the size of the gastric pouch during the conversion of one anastomosis gastric bypass (OAGB)/mini-gastric bypass to Roux-en-Y gastric bypass (RYGB) is an important point. Even in patients undergoing RYGB, marginal ulcer is regarded as a known complication.

Materials and Methods:

In our Centre of Excellence in Bariatric and Metabolic Surgery, 2492 patients underwent OAGB from February 2012 to January 2019. Twelve of 2492 patients were enrolled in this clinical case series because of persistent gastroesophageal reflux-like symptoms which underwent conversional RYGB. All patients regularly received proton-pump inhibitors (PPIs) for 6 months after the surgery. After this period, the cases with symptomatic reflux were invited to be visited in the clinic by a bariatric surgeon and a gastroenterologist and received 6 months of PPI therapy until their symptoms disappeared. Twelve refractory reflux cases underwent conversional RYGB after 1 year. An enteroenterostomy was created in all the patients 75 cm distal to the gastrojejunostomy without resizing the gastric pouch, and the jejunal loop was cut just before the gastrojejunostomy.

Results:

Before conversional surgery, mean ± standard deviation (SD) body mass index (BMI) and gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD)-Q score were found to be 26.45 ± 2.34 kg/m2 and 10.08 ± 0.56, respectively. At 1 year after conversion, mean ± SD BMI in the patients was 28.12 ± 4.71, and GERD-Q score was 5.08 ± 1.5.

Conclusion:

It seems that resizing the gastric pouch is not necessary during the conversion of OAGB to RYGB.
Laparoscopic-assisted transjejunal endoscopic management of intrahepatic calculi and anastomotic stricture in a patient with Roux-en-Y hepaticojejunostomy
Authors: Khiangte Elbert , Chetri Kamal , Khiangte Iheule Newme , Deka Karabi Patowary , Phukan Partha , Agarwala Mukesh
Published: September 2020

Management of complications in patients with Roux-en-Y reconstruction is still today an important surgical and endoscopic challenge. Various techniques have been employed to manage biliary strictures and intrahepatic calculi in patients with Roux-en-Y hepaticojejunostomy (RYHJ). We report the case of a 24-year-old female who had undergone RYHJ reconstruction 3 years back for choledochal cyst, admitted with the diagnosis of obstructive jaundice due to anastomotic stricture and multiple hepatic duct calculi. She was successfully treated with laparoscopic-assisted transjejunal endoscopic management of intrahepatic calculi and anastomotic stricture, which appears to be safe and useful procedure for anastomotic stricture and hepatic duct calculi in patients with surgically altered anatomy.
Editorial
Authors: K Tumwine James
Published: September 2020

NIL.
Analysis of clinical and virologic features in Hepatitis B e Antigen (HbeAg)-negative and HbeAg-positive Egyptian chronic Hepatitis B patients
Authors: Fouad Rabab , Musa Sherief , Sabry Dina , Salama Ahmad , Abdel Alem Shereen , Atef Mira , Zayed Naglaa
Published: September 2020

Background: HBeAg–negative chronic hepatitis B infection has a divergent clinical course from that of HBeAg-positive infection.

Objectives: To analyze the frequency and to compare the different features of HBeAg-negative and HBeAg-positive chron- ic hepatitis B patients.

Methods: One hundred and twenty one Egyptian patients with chronic hepatitis B (CHB), underwent laboratory investiga- tions and transient elastography (TE). Comparisons according to HBeAg status were conducted regarding their demograph- ic, liver biochemical and virologic characters.

Results: 97 patients (80.2%) were HBeAg-negative while 24 patients (19.8%) were HBeAg-positive. HBeAg-negative pa- tients were significantly older in age than CHBeAg-positive patients (p=0.001). ALT levels in HBeAg-negative patients were significantly lower than those in HBeAg-positive patients (p=0.02), whereas serum albumin was lower in the HBeAg-posi- tive group (p=0.03). The percentage of HBV DNA higher than 20000 IU/mL in HBeAg-negative patients was lower than those in HBeAg-positive patients (p=0.24). Stages of fibrosis by TE showed that 30.9% of HBeAg-negative and 41.7% of HBeAg-positive had a fibrosis score >F2. Four patients (3.3%) were diagnosed with HCC; all of whom were HBeAg-neg- ative.

Conclusion: HBeAg-negative patients compared with HBeAg-positive patients had older age, lower ALT and serum HBV- DNA levels, but more incidence of HCC.

Keywords: Hepatitis B; HBeAg; fibrosis; Egypt.
Female genital mutilation in Southern Iran
Authors: Bokaie Mahshid , Bostani Khalesi Zahra , Roozbeh Nasibeh , Mojahed Shahnaz
Published: September 2020

NIL.
Ultrasonographic and biochemical assessments as early prediction of polycystic ovarian syndrome in obese women
Authors: A Ahmed Alaa , S Moselhy Said , A Kumosani Taha , A Huwait Etimad , A AL-Ghamdi Maryam , A AL-Madani Khalid , H AlToukhi Majdi , T Kumosani Afnan
Published: September 2020

Backgroud: Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is considered as a common cause of hormonal disturbance and obesity. The diagnosis of PCOS was done by different methods including clinical signs as anovulation, hyperandrogenism, biochem- ical markers and ultrasounographic investigation. This study investigated comparative outcomes of ultrasonographic and biochemical markers for early prediction of PCOS in obese women.

Subjects and methods: Seventy-five patients were clinically diagnosed with obese, PCOS and obese with PCOS and twen- ty-five normal age matched subjects were enrolled as control. Abdominal and transvaginal ultrasonographic for assessment of ovarian properties. In addition, BMI, serum free testosterone, dehydroepiandrosterone (DHEA), insulin, glycosylated hemoglobin (HbA1c) and LDL-c levels were evaluated.

Results: In obese patients with PCOs (20%) ovaries revealed normal appearance in morphology while the rest (80%) showed PCOs in the form of cysts of 2–8 mm in diameter peripherally arranged around stroma. A significant elevation of free testosterone, DHEA and insulin in obese with or without PCOS compared with obese group (p<0.001). A positive correlation with hormonal abnormalities of increased HA1c, LDL-c, free testosterone, DHEA and insulin compared with obese only.

Conclusion: According to our study findings, ovarian morphology combined with biochemical markers is more reliable for early prediction and diagnosis of PCOS for interpretation and management.

Keywords: PCOS; ultrasound; diagnosis; hormones.
Fertility characteristics and related factors impacting on Syrian refugee women living in Istanbul
Authors: M Coşkun Anahit , Özerdoğan Nebahat , Karakaya Eylem , Yakıt Eda
Published: September 2020

Background: Women’s fertility characteristics are affected by many different factors.

Aim: To gain an awareness of fertility characteristics of Syrian refugee women and the influential factors.

Methods: This study was planned as a cross-sectional study to determine the efficiency and related factors of Syrian refugees living in Istanbul. The survey of 300 refugee women applying Arabs who migrated to Turkey, Kurds, Turkmen and Yezidi origin they receive.

Results: Average age of the women studied was 34.26 ± 10.15, 34.6% of the participants had not received any education, 37% had less than two-year inter-pregnancy interval, 58.6% have not received “Safe Motherhood” service, 43.6% have conceived their last child unwillingly. Women in the study group had in average 3±2,4 children and the number of children they wanted was 3±1,59. These values were substantially affected negatively by the women’s education level and positively by the income level. Yezidis had significantly more children than other ethnic groups and did not have a “religious ban” on voluntary abortion.

Conclusion: It has been noted that fertility characteristics of refugee women who migrated to Turkey changed according to their ethnic backgrounds and were sustained in the country they migrated to. Along with harsh living conditions and insufficient access to health services the situation has been observed to pose serious risks on reproductive health.

Keywords: Syrian refugee woman; fertility characteristics; impacting factors.
A retrospective descriptive investigation of adult patients receiving third-line antiretroviral therapy in the North West province, South Africa
Authors: Rudman Christian , Viljoen Michelle , Rheeders Malie
Published: September 2020

Background: Greater access and prolonged exposure to ART may inevitably lead to more treatment failure and increase the need for third-line ART (TLART) in a resource-limited setting.

Objective: To describe characteristics and resistance patterns of adult patients initiated on TLART in three districts of the North West province.

Method: All-inclusive retrospective descriptive investigation. Demographics and clinical variables were recorded from adult patient health records (2002-2017) and analysed.

Results: 21 Patients (17 females, 4 males) with median (IQR) age of 34 years (30.2-37.8) at HIV diagnosis and 45 years (39.5-47) at TLART initiation were included. Median duration (days) from HIV diagnosis to first-line ART initiation was 101 (37-367), treatment duration on first-line, second-line and between second-line failure and TLART initiation were: 1 269 (765-2 343); 1 512 (706-2096) and 71 (58-126) days respectively. High-level resistance most prevalent were: nelfinavir/r (85.7%), indinavir/r (80.9%), lopinavir/r (76.2%), emtricitabine and lamivudine (95.2%), nevirapine (76.2%) and efavirenz (71.4%). Resistance to 3 major PI mutations in 95% of patients and cross resistance were documented extensively.

Conclusion: This study support the need for earlier resistance testing. It firstly reported on time duration post diagnosis on various ART regimens and secondly resistance patterns of adults before TLART was initiated in these districts.

Keywords: HIV; Human immunodeficiency virus; third-line antiretroviral therapy; drug resistance patterns; salvage therapy.
Determinants of neonatal mortality in Ethiopia: an analysis of the 2016 Ethiopia Demographic and Health Survey
Authors: Wakjira Basha Garoma , Abate Woya Ashenafi , Kassa Tekile Abay
Published: September 2020

Background: The first 28 days of life, the neonatal period, are the most vulnerable time for a child’s survival. Neonatal mortality accounts for about 38% of under-five deaths in low and middle income countries. This study aimed to identify the determinants of neonatal mortality in Ethiopia.

Methods: The study used data from the nationally representative 2016 Ethiopia Demographic and Health Survey (EDHS). Once the data were extracted; editing, coding and cleaning were done by using SAS 9.4.Sampling weights was applied to en- sure the representativeness of the sample in this study. Both bivariate and multivariable logistic regression statistical analysis was used to identify determinants of neonatal mortality in Ethiopia.

Results: A total of 11,023 weighted live-born neonates born within five years preceding the 2016 EDHS were included this in this study. Multiple logistic regression analysis showed that multiple birth neonates (Adjusted Odds Ratio (AOR)=6.38;95%- Confidence Interval (CI):4.42-9.21), large birth size (AOR=1.35; 95% CI: 0.28-1.62), neonates born to mothers who did not utilize ANC (AOR=1.41; 95% CI: 1.11-1.81), neonates from rural area (AOR=1.88; 95% CI: 1.15-3.05) and neonates born in Harari region (AOR=1.45; 95% CI: 0.61-3.45)had higher odds of neonatal mortality. On the other hand, female neonates (AOR=0.60; 95% CI: 0.47-0.75), neonates born within the interval of more than 36 months of the preceding birth (AOR=0.56; 95% CI: 0.43-0.75), neonates born to fathers with secondary and higher education level (AOR=0.51; 95%CI: 0.22-0.88) had lower odds of neonatal mortality in Ethiopia.

Conclusion: To reduce neonatal mortality in Ethiopia, there is a need to implement sex specific public health intervention mainly focusing on male neonate during pregnancy, child birth and postnatal period. A relatively simple and cost-effective public health intervention should be implemented to make sure that all pregnant women are screened for multiple pregnancy and if positive, extra care should be given during pregnancy, child birth and postnatal.

Keywords: Neonatal mortality; logistic regression; odds ratio; Ethiopia.
Glanzmann’s thrombasthenia: a rare bleeding disorder in a Nigerian girl
Authors: U Ezenwosu Osita , F Chukwu Barth , A Uwaezuoke Ndubuisi , L Ezenwosu Ifeyinwa , N Ikefuna Anthony , J Emodi Ifeoma
Published: September 2020

Introduction: Glanzmann’s Thrombasthenia (GT) is a rare autosomal recessive bleeding disorder due to defective platelet membrane glycoprotein GP IIb/IIIa (integrin αIIbβ3). The prevalence is estimated at 1:1,000,000 and it is commonly seen in areas where consanguinity is high.

Case Presentation: The authors report a 12 year old Nigerian girl of Igbo ethnic group, born of non-consanguineous parents, who presented with prolonged heavy menstrual bleeding which started at menarche 3 months earlier, weakness and dizziness. She had a past history of recurrent episodes of prolonged epistaxis, gastrointestinal bleeding and gum bleeding during early childhood. On examination, she was severely pale with a haemic murmur and vaginal bleeding. The initial diag- nosis was menorrhagia secondary to bleeding diathesis possibly von Willebrand’s Disease. She was on supportive treatment with fresh whole blood, fresh frozen plasma and platelets until diagnosis of GT was made in the USA. Currently, she is on 3 monthly intramuscular Depo-provera with remarkable improvement.

Conclusion: To the best of our knowledge, this is the first documented report of GT in our environment where consan- guinity is rarely practised. Our health facilities require adequate diagnostic and treatment facilities for rare diseases like GT.

Keywords: Glanzmann’s thrombasthenia; Menorrhagia; Nigerian girl.