bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Scientific Reporting
Authors: McLeroy Kenneth R. , Garney Whitney , Mayo-Wilson Evan , Grant Sean
Published: September 2016

This article is based on a presentation that was made at the 2014 annual meeting of the editorial board of Health Education & Behavior. The article addresses critical issues related to standards of scientific reporting in journals, including concerns about external and internal validity and reporting bias. It reviews current reporting guidelines, effects of adopting guidelines, and offers suggestions for improving reporting. The evidence about the effects of guideline adoption and implementation is briefly reviewed. Recommendations for adoption and implementation of appropriate guidelines, including considerations for journals, are provided.
Failure to Report Effect Sizes
Authors: Barry Adam E. , Szucs Leigh E. , Reyes Jovanni V. , Ji Qian , Wilson Kelly L. , Thompson Bruce
Published: September 2016

Given the American Psychological Association’s strong recommendation to always report effect sizes in research, scholars have a responsibility to provide complete information regarding their findings. The purposes of this study were to (a) determine the frequencies with which different effect sizes were reported in published, peer-reviewed articles in health education, promotion, and behavior journals and (b) discuss implications for reporting effect size in social science research. Across a 4-year time period (2010-2013), 1,950 peer-reviewed published articles were examined from the following six health education and behavior journals: American Journal of Health Behavior, American Journal of Health Promotion, Health Education & Behavior, Health Education Research, Journal of American College Health, and Journal of School Health. Quantitative features from eligible manuscripts were documented using Qualtrics online survey software. Of the 1,245 articles in the final sample that reported quantitative data analyses, approximately 47.9% ( n = 597) of the articles reported an effect size. While 16 unique types of effect size were reported across all included journals, many of the effect sizes were reported with little frequency across most journals. Overall, odds ratio/adjusted odds ratio ( n = 340, 50.1%), Pearson r/ r2 ( n = 162, 23.8%), and eta squared/partial eta squared ( n = 46, 7.2%) accounted for the most frequently used effect size. Quality research practice requires both testing statistical significance and reporting effect size. However, our study shows that a substantial portion of published literature in health education and behavior lacks consistent reporting of effect size.
Analysis of feline splenic radiographic measurements and their correlation to ultrasonographic measurements
Authors: Johnson Kryssa L , Porter Erin G , Berry Clifford R
Published: September 2016

Objectives

The purpose of this study was to establish a method for feline splenic measurement on abdominal radiographs and evaluate for correlation between the radiographic measurements and ultrasonographic measurements.

Methods

One hundred cats with normal abdominal radiographs and ultrasound (US) studies of the spleen were evaluated. The hypothesis was that the measurement of the spleen on the radiographs would correlate with the measurement of the spleen on US. The radiographic and ultrasonographic measurements were tabulated and compared using linear regression and t-tests using unequal variances.

Results

The measurement of the spleen on the ventrodorsal projection was characterized as one of three shapes (A, B or C), and thereby based on the thickest part of the spleen (when corrected for radiographic magnification: A = 9.9 ± 2.2 mm; B = 8.1 ± 1.8 mm; C = 8.0 ± 2.3 mm). There were 48 cats where the head of the spleenwas seen on the right lateral (n = 10), the left lateral (n = 24) or both (n = 14) projections. On one left lateral, both the head and tail of the spleen were seen. There was weak correlation between the radiographic and US measurements(R ⩼0.6). Splenic thickness of shape A on the ventrodorsal projection was significantly greater than categories B and C.

Conclusions and relevance

Radiographic measurement of the spleen is not a reliable indicator of its ultrasonographic measurement. The ultrasonographic measurements seen in this study (mean of 8.0 ± 1.6 mm) were similar to measurements of the spleen reported in previous studies. It is rare to see the tail of the spleen on lateral feline abdominal radiographs.
Longitudinal changes of cerebral glutathione (GSH) levels associated with the clinical course of disease progression in patients with secondary progressive multiple sclerosis
Authors: Choi In-Young , Lee Phil , Hughes Abbey J , Denney Douglas R , Lynch Sharon G
Published: September 2016

Background:

Increased oxidative stress leads to loss of glutathione (GSH). We have reported lower cerebral GSH in patients with secondary progressive multiple sclerosis (SPMS), indicating the involvement of oxidative stress in multiple sclerosis (MS) pathophysiology.

Objective:

This study expanded upon our earlier work by examining longitudinal changes in cerebral GSH in patients with SPMS in relation to their clinical status.

Methods:

A total of 13 patients with SPMS (Expanded Disability Status Scale (EDSS) = 4.0–6.5; MS duration = 21.2 ± 8.7 years) and 12 controls were studied over 3–5 years. GSH mapping was acquired from frontal and parietal regions using a multiple quantum chemical shift imaging technique at 3 T. Clinical assessments of the patient’s disability included EDSS, gait, motor strength, ataxia, tremor, brainstem function and vision changes.

Results:

Brain GSH concentrations in patients were lower than those in controls for both baseline and 3- to 5-year follow-ups. Longitudinal GSH changes of patients were associated with their neurologist’s blinded appraisal of their clinical progression. Patients judged to have worsening clinical status had significantly greater declines in frontal GSH concentrations than those with stable clinical status.

Conclusion:

GSH provides a distinct measure associated with the disease progression in SPMS, possibly due to its dynamic alignment with pathogenic processes of MS related to oxidative stress.
From contents to comments: Social TV and perceived pluralism in political talk shows
Authors: Ceron Andrea , Splendore Sergio
Published: September 2016

Going beyond source and content pluralism, we propose a two-dimensional audience-based measure of perceived pluralism by exploiting the practice of “social TV”. For this purpose, 135,228 tweets related to 30 episodes of prime time political talk shows broadcast in Italy in 2014 have been analyzed through supervised sentiment analysis. The findings suggest that the two main TV networks compete by addressing generalist audiences. The public television offers a plural set of talk shows but ignores the anti-political audience. The ideological background of the anchorman shapes the audience’s perception, while the gender of the guests does not seem to matter.
Graph query algebra and visual proximity rules for biological pathway exploration
Authors: Wu Keqin , Sun Liang , Schmidt Carl , Chen Jian
Published: September 2016

We present the design and validation of an example-based pathway graph query algebra and visual proximity rules to address challenging large biological pathway exploration tasks. Our pathway graph query algebra interprets relationship queries given by selected examples to find a match for, extract identical parts between, or trace a path from any pathway components. To support the relationship query, users can composite pathway visualizations through visual proximity rules that use proximity to infer users’ intentions in the exploration process. By allowing selection of one or more objects from multiple on-screen grouped graphs as query inputs and using the query outputs as next-query inputs, pathway graph query algebra and visual proximity rules achieve intuitiveness, concurrence, and dynamics for pathway exploration.
Game on: Exploring constructive design behaviors through the use of real-time virtual engines in architectural education
Authors: Moleta TJ
Published: September 2016

Real-time virtual engines have experienced a degree of popularity in contemporary architectural education. Acknowledging that primarily the real-time virtual engine is deployed as a visualization tool, this article notes that the capacity to extend beyond the sensation of experiencing form and space exists through the deployment of the game mechanics. A survey of architecture students in digital design courses is used as a case study to identify how game mechanics can be used effectively in a design studio setting. The discussion concludes on the game mechanic as an opportunity to rescript design studio behaviors.
Spark Wall: Control responsive environment by human behaviour
Authors: Kuan-Ying Wu , June-Hao Hou
Published: September 2016

Responsive environment uses human–computer interface to improve how humans experience their surroundings. Many research aimed at different kinds of interactive environment modules with new digital tectonics or computation components. However, those new environments sometimes could be manipulated by components which are less user-friendly and complex than traditional counterparts. In this article, we implemented a real responsive interface – the Spark Wall system, which use 160 actuator modules as our responsive feedback interface and depth camera as sensing input. We built up multi-modal interface for different operating purposes allowing the user to control responsive environment with their behaviour. The user could change his or her body posture to change the pattern of the wall and moreover define touch-input area on any surface. From the user’s perspective, a responsive environment should be a simple system with understandable control modes. A responsive artefact should also be able to dynamically correspond to different methods of operation according to the user’s intentions.
Ethnic/Racial, Religious, and Demographic Predictors of Organ Donor Registration Status Among Young Adults in the Southwestern United States
Authors: Ginossar Tamar , Benavidez Julian , Gillooly Zachary D. , Kanwal Attreya Aarti , Nguyen Hieu , Bentley Joshua
Published: September 2016

Context and Setting:

New Mexico (NM) is a minority–majority state. Despite its unique cultural characteristics and documented ethnic/racial disparities in deceased organ donation (DOD), past studies did not explore predictors of organ donor registration status (ODRS) in this state.

Objectives:

This study aimed at identifying demographic, cultural, and religious predictors of ODRS among a diverse sample of young adults in NM.

Design:

This study focused on recruitment of American Indian, Hispanic, and Asian American participants through online social network sites and university listservs. Participants (N = 602) answered an online survey. The largest racial/ethnic group included American Indians (n = 200). Main outcome measures included ODRS, demographics, religious affiliation, and open-ended question on reasons for objections to DOD.

Results:

Race/ethnicity, religion, and educational attainment were significant predictors of ODRS. Non-Hispanic whites (NHWs) were most likely to be registered as donors, with no significant difference between NHWs and Asians or Pacific Islanders. Non-Catholic Christians were most likely to be registered donors, followed by Catholics, practitioners of American Indian/Native American traditional religions, and Hindus, with Buddhists the least likely to register. This pattern was consistent with the propensity of individuals from these religious groups to cite religious objections to DOD. Finally, respondents who had graduated from high schools in NM were 2.3 times less likely to be registered as organ donors compared to those who had graduated in other states.

Conclusion:

This study provides evidence for the need for culturally tailored interventions targeting diverse communities in NM.
Wake-up timer and binary exponential backoff for ZigBee-based wireless sensor network for flexible movement control system of a self-lifting scaffold
Authors: Liang Hua , Yang Guangxiang , Xu Ye , Gondal Iqbal , Wu Chao
Published: September 2016

Synchronous movement of attached self-lifting scaffolds is traditionally monitored with wired sensors in high-rise building construction, which limits their flexibility of movements. A ZigBee-based wireless sensor system has been suggested in this article to prove the effectiveness of wireless sensor networks in actual implementation. Two optoelectronic sensors are integrated into a ZigBee node for measuring the displacement of attached self-lifting scaffolds. The proposed wireless sensor network combines an end device and a coordinator to allow easy replacement of sensors as compared to a wired network. A wake-up timer algorithm is proposed to reduce the transmitting power during continuous wireless data communication in the wireless sensor network. Furthermore, a variant binary exponential backoff transmission algorithm for data loss avoidance is proposed. The variant binary exponential backoff algorithm reduces packet collisions during simultaneous access by increasing the randomizing moments at nodes attempting to access the wireless channels. The performance of three of the proposed modules—a cable sensor, a 315-MHz sensor, and a ZigBee sensor—is evaluated in terms of packet delivery ratio and the end-to-end delay of a ZigBee-based wireless sensor network. The experimental results show that the proposed variant binary exponential backoff transmission algorithm achieves a higher packet delivery ratio at the cost of higher delays. The average cost of the developed ZigBee-based wireless sensor network decreased by 24% compared with the cable sensor. The power consumption of ZigBee is approximately 53.75% of the 315-MHz sensor. The average current consumption is reduced by approximately 1.5 mA with the wake-up timer algorithm at the same sampling rate.
Scaphocapitate Syndrome With Associated Trans-Scaphoid, Trans-Hamate Perilunate Dislocation
Authors: Nunez Fiesky A. , Luo T. David , Jupiter Jesse B. , Nunez Fiesky A.
Published: September 2016

Background: Perilunate fracture dislocations are often associated with fractures of the distal pole of the scaphoid or the proximal pole of the capitate. However, the combination of perilunate dislocation with multiple carpal fractures and associated scaphocapitate syndrome is very rare. Methods: We report a unique case of scaphocapitate fracture syndrome with perilunate dislocation and fracture of the hamate resulting from a high-energy injury to the wrist during a dirt-bike competition. Results: Open reduction and internal fixation of the scaphoid fracture with a 3.0-mm headless screw, the head of the capitate with a 1.5-mm lag screw, and the hamate fracture with a 1.3-mm lag screw was performed. The lunotriquetral dissociation was reduced, with the ligament repaired and the joint stabilized using a Kirschner wire. All screw heads are carefully buried under the articulate cartilage. Conclusions: Prompt anatomic reduction and stable osteosynthesis of all fractures in this patient resulted in successful healing and return to activity.
Nonlinear analysis of a rub-impact rotor with random stiffness under random excitation
Authors: Yang Yongfeng , Wang Yanlin , Gao Zhe
Published: September 2016

Stochastic bifurcation and chaos of a rub-impact rotor system with random stiffness under random excitation are studied in this article. Due to the irrational and fractional expressions existing in the denominator of rub-impact force, the integral process is very complicated. Taylor series expansion is used to expand the irrational and fractional expressions into a series of polynomials. Chebyshev polynomial approximation method is applied to reduce the system equations with random parameter to its equivalent deterministic one, and the responses of stochastic system can be obtained by numerical methods. Numerical simulations show that random parameters have a significant effect on the rub-impact rotor system. It may promote the nonlinear response when the rotational speed is near the 1/2 first-order critical speed and may suppress the nonlinear response when the rotational speed is over the first-order critical speed.
Particle swarm optimization algorithm reinforced fuzzy proportional–integral–derivative for a quadrotor attitude control
Authors: Chiou Juing-Shian , Tran Huu-Khoa , Shieh Ming-Yuan , Nguyen Thanh-Nam
Published: September 2016

In this article, the particle swarm optimization algorithm is presented using an improved stochastic variant strategy to optimize the gains of the fuzzy proportional–integral–derivative controller. The particle swarm optimization algorithm aims to renew the elite parameters for the schemes of fuzzy proportional–integral–derivative controls. The integral of time multiplied by absolute error criterion is used to estimate the system performance due to saving the setting and operation time. Facing nonlinear quadrotor attitude control models, the results demonstrate the proposed scheme with better performance.
Returning to an old question
Authors: Cantrell Tom , Hogg Christopher
Published: September 2016

This article argues for acknowledging and exploring actors’ processes in critical considerations of television drama. Theatre studies boasts a tradition of research privileging the actor, including a century’s worth of actor-training manuals, academic works observing rehearsals and performances and actor accounts. However, such considerations within television studies are relatively nascent. Drawing upon continuing drama as a fertile case study for investigating the specificities of television acting, the article concludes that the only way to understand television acting is through the analysis of insights from actors themselves, in combination with the well-established practices of analysing the textual end products of television acting.
The utility of electronic health record-based hygiene notes for chlorhexidine bathing practice evaluation
Authors: Kettelhut Valeriya , Van Schooneveld Trevor , McClay James , Fruhling Ann , Dempsey Kathryn
Published: September 2016

Background:

Unreliable compliance with infection prevention procedures necessitates an analysis of contributing factors.

Methods:

A retrospective study explored utility of 3236 nursing hygiene notes in the electronic healthcare record system (EHR). This 2012–2013 study identified defects in the chlorhexidine (CHG) bathing practice for a hospital unit.

Results:

The overall compliance with CHG bathing was 22.99%. Patients with length of stay less than 3 days, in most cases, did not have documentation for CHG bathing. Patient refusal to bathe was the most prevalent documented reason (66%) of the unsuccessful initial and repeated offers to bathe. The regular staff were statistically less successful in convincing patients to bathe. The 1455 notes produced by the regular staff (n = 10) demonstrated a significantly higher failure rate (56.08%) to execute this procedure in comparison with 1770 notes documented by the 246 temporary staff (31.19% failure rate) ( P value <0.001) .

Discussion:

This analysis yielded three main insights: lack of the CHG documentation in a large number of short admissions; inconsistent use of CHG baths; and presence of workarounds due to patient refusals to bathe. The study concluded that EHR structured and unstructured data can unlock the opportunity for identifying hidden defects and inform decision-makers about the need for change.
Early Detection of Infusion Set Failure During Insulin Pump Therapy in Type 1 Diabetes
Authors: Cescon Marzia , DeSalvo Daniel J. , Ly Trang T. , Maahs David M. , Messer Laurel H. , Buckingham Bruce A. , Doyle Francis J. , Dassau Eyal
Published: September 2016

Background:

Insulin infusion set failure resulting in prolonged hyperglycemia or diabetic ketoacidosis can occur with pump therapy in type 1 diabetes. Set failures are frequently characterized by variable and unpredictable patterns of increasing glucose values despite increased insulin infusion. Early detection may minimize the risk of prolonged hyperglycemia, an important consideration for automated insulin delivery and closed-loop applications.

Methods:

A novel algorithm designed to alert the patient to the onset of infusion set failure was developed based upon continuous glucose sensor values and insulin delivered from an insulin pump. The method was calibrated on 12 weeks of infusion set wear without failures recorded by 4 patients in ambulatory conditions and prospectively validated on 18 weeks of infusion set wear with and without failures belonging to 9 other subjects in ambulatory conditions.

Results:

The algorithm, evaluated retrospectively, identified a failure 2.52 ± 1.91 days ahead of the actual event as recorded by the clinical team, corresponding to 50% sensitivity, 66% specificity and 55% accuracy. If set failure alarms had been activated in real time, the average time >180 mg/dl would be reduced from 82.7 ± 40.9 hours/week/subject (without alarm) to 58.8 ± 31.1 hours/week/subject (with alarm), corresponding to a potential 29% reduction in time spent >180mg/dl.

Conclusion:

The proposed method for early detection of infusion set failure based on glucose sensor and insulin data demonstrated favorable results on retrospective data and may be implemented as an additional safeguard in a future fully automated closed-loop system.
Do We Need Updated Guidelines on the Use of Insulin Pump Therapy in Type 2 Diabetes? A Review of National and International Practice Guidelines
Authors: Cohen Ohad , Valentine William
Published: September 2016

Background:

Continuous subcutaneous insulin infusion (CSII) is used less for type 2 than for type 1 diabetes because of inconsistencies in evidence of effectiveness. We reviewed published guidelines on intensive insulin therapy in type 2 diabetes to assess whether updating of guidance is needed with respect to evidence used and recommendations for CSII in diabetes management.

Methods:

A literature review was performed to identify published national and international guidelines on type 2 diabetes management. Searches were performed using PubMed, Cochrane Library, and Embase databases, and websites of national health care agencies, reimbursement agencies, and professional associations. Searches were limited to articles published in English between 2004 and 2014 and 1666 unique hits were identified, of which 22 were reviewed following screening.

Results:

Only 6 of the 22 guidelines identified from North and South America, Western Europe, Greece, and Israel provided specific recommendations on intensive insulin therapy and the role of CSII, and only 1 provided information on the grade of evidence supporting recommendations. Quality appraisal based on the AGREE II tool suggested that published guidelines may have limitations in terms of search methodology and evidence grading, and findings were of mixed rigor and clarity. Only 3 guidelines described the population for whom CSII may be appropriate.

Conclusions:

Guidelines need to improve the evidence base, rigor, clarity, and grading of evidence associated with recommendations on intensive insulin therapy in type 2 diabetes. Future updates may benefit from considering recent evidence on the efficacy of CSII in poorly controlled patients on MDI.
Exploration of the Performance of a Hybrid Closed Loop Insulin Delivery Algorithm That Includes Insulin Delivery Limits Designed to Protect Against Hypoglycemia
Authors: de Bock Martin , Dart Julie , Roy Anirban , Davey Raymond , Soon Wayne , Berthold Carolyn , Retterath Adam , Grosman Benyamin , Kurtz Natalie , Davis Elizabeth , Jones Timothy
Published: September 2016

Background:

Hypoglycemia remains a risk for closed loop insulin delivery particularly following exercise or if the glucose sensor is inaccurate. The aim of this study was to test whether an algorithm that includes a limit to insulin delivery is effective at protecting against hypoglycemia under those circumstances.

Methods:

An observational study on 8 participants with type 1 diabetes was conducted, where a hybrid closed loop system (HCL) (Medtronic™ 670G) was challenged with hypoglycemic stimuli: exercise and an overreading glucose sensor.

Results:

There was no overnight or exercise-induced hypoglycemia during HCL insulin delivery. All daytime hypoglycemia was attributable to postmeal bolused insulin in those participants with a more aggressive carbohydrate factor.

Conclusion:

HCL systems rely on accurate carbohydrate ratios and carbohydrate counting to avoid hypoglycemia. The algorithm that was tested against moderate exercise and an overreading glucose sensor performed well in terms of hypoglycemia avoidance. Algorithm refinement continues in preparation for long-term outpatient trials.
Matching the Material of Transparent Objects: The Role of Background Distortions
Authors: Schlüter Nick , Faul Franz
Published: September 2016

It has been proposed that the visual system is able to estimate the refractive index of thick transparent objects from background distortions caused by them. More specifically, it was hypothesized that this is done based on a mid-level cue, the distortion field, whose computation from the input requires comparing the part of the background seen through the object with the part visible in plain view. We test two predictions derived from this hypothesis: (a) scene variables that do not change the distortion field, for instance, the density of the background texture, should not systematically influence the subjects’ settings in a material matching task. (b) The uncertainty of the estimates should increase sharply, if the part of the background texture in plain view is removed. Our results are not compatible with these two predictions but are completely in line with the alternative interpretation that the subjects maximized the similarity of the distorted background textures on the image level. Additional results indicate that subjects can take relations between the distorted and the undistorted background into account if this is encouraged by the experimental design, but they do this in a simplistic way that is inappropriate to estimate the refractive index.
A comparative case study: Network agenda setting in crisis and non-crisis news
Authors: Wang Qian
Published: September 2016

In order to explore the Chinese traditional media role on social media platforms, this study examined the agenda-setting effects between the networked attribute agendas of Chinese traditional media and various opinion leaders on Weibo in one crisis and non-crisis news, respectively. The results showed that Chinese traditional media failed to lead the discussion on Weibo in both the crisis and non-crisis cases. However, business elites tended to be the most influential opinion leaders in both circumstances. Furthermore, the news agendas of traditional media and the opinion leaders changed in both cases.
Pediatric Pulmonary Embolism: Diagnostic and Management Challenges
Authors: Lilje Christian , Chauhan Aman , Turner Jason P. , Carson Thomas H. , Velez Maria C. , Arcement Christopher , Caspi Joseph
Published: September 2016

A rare case of massive pulmonary embolism is presented in an oligosymptomatic teenager with predisposing factors. Computed tomography pulmonary angiography supported by three-dimensional reconstruction was diagnostic. The embolus qualified as massive by conventional anatomical guidelines, but as low risk by more recent functional criteria. Functional assessment has complemented morphologic assessment for risk stratification in adult patients. Such evidence is scarce in pediatrics. The patient underwent surgical embolectomy, followed by prophylactic anticoagulation, without further events. Diagnostic and management challenges are discussed.
Left Main Coronary Artery Atresia in an Infant With Inclusion-Cell Disease
Authors: Bounds Rachel L. , Kuebler Joseph , Cholette Jill M. , Alfieris George M. , Emani Sitaram M. , Wittlieb-Weber Carol A.
Published: September 2016

A 2-month-old male with dysmorphic facies, neonatal thrombocytopenia, left congenital cataract, and long bone abnormalities became hypotensive with ST depression on induction of anesthesia for congenital cataract repair. Echocardiogram demonstrated decreased left ventricular function (ejection fraction 46%), mild mitral valve regurgitation (MR), and regional wall motion abnormalities. The left coronary artery could not be visualized. Subsequent cardiac catheterization confirmed atresia of the left main coronary artery. The patient underwent cardiac surgery with coronary artery bypass grafting of the left internal mammary artery to the left anterior descending coronary artery. His postoperative course was uncomplicated, his ventricular function normalized, and he was discharged home. Over the next few months, he developed progressive, severe MR refractory to medical management. Repeat cardiac catheterization revealed stenosis of the right proximal coronary artery, raising concern for progressive coronary involvement. In addition to dysmorphic features and failure to thrive, there were profound developmental delays and a finding of vacuolated lymphocytes on blood smear, which led to a diagnosis of mucolipidosis II (Inclusion [I]-cell disease). The patient was referred for mitral valve replacement, which was successful; however, ongoing respiratory issues attributed to the progression of I-cell disease led to a prolonged hospitalization with placement of a tracheostomy. Reports of coronary anomalies in patients with I-cell disease are rare. An association between mucopolysaccharidosis syndromes and coronary artery abnormalities has been established and is supported by this case report, highlighting the importance of considering the potential for coronary artery involvement with I-cell disease and other similar storage diseases.
Intramural Left Coronary Artery in Truncus Arteriosus
Authors: Hussein Nabil , Speggiorin Simone , Bu’Lock Frances , Corno Antonio F.
Published: September 2016

An intramural coronary artery in the setting of truncus arteriosus (common arterial trunk) is an uncommon association. Following an uneventful surgical repair, a neonate developed a low cardiac output state deteriorating into cardiac arrest shortly after arrival into the intensive care unit, requiring extracorporeal membrane oxygenation support. Echocardiography and angiography showed occlusion of the left coronary artery, prompting emergency surgical reexploration. A “slit-like” orifice with an intramural left coronary artery was successfully unroofed, allowing full recovery. Full definition of the proximal coronary anatomy beyond the orifices should be investigated preoperatively in truncus arteriosus, as a missed intramural segment could lead to significant morbidity or mortality.
Comparisons of Patient Demographics in Prospective Sports, Shoulder, and National Database Initiatives
Authors: Saltzman Bryan M. , Cvetanovich Gregory L. , Bohl Daniel D. , Cole Brian J. , Bach Bernard R. , Romeo Anthony A.
Published: September 2016

Background:

There has been increased emphasis in orthopaedics on high-quality prospective research to provide evidence-based treatment guidelines, particularly in sports medicine/shoulder surgery. The external validity of these studies has not been established, and the generalizability of the results to clinical practice in the United States is unknown.

Hypothesis:

Comparison of patient demographics in major prospective studies of arthroscopic sports and shoulder surgeries to patients undergoing the same procedures in the National Surgical Quality Improvement Program (NSQIP) database will show substantial differences to question the generalizability and external validity of those studies.

Study Design:

Cross-sectional study; Level of evidence, 3.

Methods:

This study utilized patients undergoing arthroscopic anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction (ACLR), meniscectomy (MX), rotator cuff repair (RCR), and shoulder stabilization (SS) from the NSQIP database (2005-2013). Two prospective studies (either randomized controlled trials or, in 1 case, a major cohort study) were identified for each of the 4 procedures for comparison. Demographic variables available for comparison in both the identified prospective studies and the NSQIP included age, sex, and body mass index (BMI).

Results:

From the NSQIP database, 5576 ACLR patients, 18,882 MX patients, 7282 RCR patients, and 993 SS patients were identified. The comparison clinical studies included cohort sizes as follows: ACLR, n = 121 and 2683; MX, n = 146 and 330; RCR, n = 90 and 103; SS, n = 88 and 196. Age differed significantly between the NSQIP and the patients in 6 of the 8 prospective clinical studies. Sex differed significantly between the NSQIP and the patients in 7 of the 8 prospective clinical studies. BMI differed significantly between the NSQIP and the patients of all 4 of the prospective clinical studies that reported this demographic variable.

Conclusion:

Significant differences exist for patient age, sex, and BMI between patients included in major sports medicine/shoulder prospective studies and corresponding patients undergoing the same procedures in a nationwide database of academic and community centers in the United States. Future work is needed to understand whether major prospective clinical studies—frequently performed in high-volume, specialized practices—are truly indicative of the types of patients treated and expected results in the general orthopaedic practice. This study additionally argues for the importance of initiating a national registry dedicated to patients undergoing orthopaedic procedures in the United States.
Communicating Corporate Social Responsibility on Social Media
Authors: Cho Moonhee , Furey Lauren D. , Mohr Tiffany
Published: September 2016

The purpose of this study was to explore what corporations with good reputations communicate on social media. Based on a content analysis of 46 corporate Facebook pages from Fortune’s “World’s Most Admired Companies,” this study found that corporations communicate noncorporate social responsibility messages more frequently than corporate social responsibility (CSR) messages. When communicating CSR activities, corporations employed an informing strategy more often than an interacting strategy and included internal publics’ activities more than external publics. This study also found that publics engage more with noncorporate social responsibility messages than CSR messages, which may reflect public cynicism of CSR communication.
A Study to Determine the Incidence of Urinary Tract Infections in Infants and Children Ages 4 Months to 6 Years With Febrile Diarrhea
Authors: Nibhanipudi Kumara V.
Published: September 2016

Objective: To determine the incidence of urinary tract infections (UTIs) in infants and children (4 months to 6 years of age) with febrile diarrhea, as outpatients. Methods: This was a prospective institutional review board–approved study. patients (between 4 months and 6 years of age) were enrolled in the study who presented to the pediatric emergency room with a complaint of fever (rectal temperature 101°F or more) and diarrhea (watery stools >3 in number). The patients were evaluated for state of hydration, and also urine samples were collected. For those children not toilet trained, urine specimens were collected by bladder catheterization, and for those children toilet trained, urine specimens were obtained by midstream collection method. The urine samples obtained were sent for analysis and culture. Results: Eighty patients were enrolled in the study. The number of specimens obtained by clean catch midstream was 20, and by bladder catheterization was 60. None of the urine specimens obtained by both methods of collection grew any organism. There was no increased incidence of infections in male children whether circumcised (10/60) or uncircumcised (50/60). The mean temperature was 102.8°F (range = 101°F to 105°F). Statistics: Using in silico online 2 × 2 χ2 test by comparing both the positive and negative urine culture results, 2-tailed P value is <.0001. Conclusions: Our prospective randomized study concluded that there is no increased incidence of UTIs in infants and children (4 months to 6 years of age) with febrile diarrhea.
Imagining Literacy Equity
Authors: González Norma
Published: September 2016

Theorizing flows of community practices implicates three interrelated themes: (1) theorizing practices rather than practicing theories, (2) theorizing our stories, and (3) research as responsibility to the communities in which we work. One way to claim literacy research as a principled epistemological stance is to confront the real-life effects of literacy theorizing and the practicing of our theories. We must challenge analyses that disadvantage youth from nondominant populations by deconstructing the categories that devalue communities and educational possibilities. To keep our insights, only within the domain of theory and not the practice of theory can allow the reproduction of symbolic violence. Theories like the “culture of poverty” and the language gap promise a facile explanatory power for complex multilayered issues. By engaging with multilingualism, transnational literacies, and community communicative flows, we can theorize communicative practices as part of an array of the multiple and multimodal semiotic systems and resources that flow in and through communities. It is argued that we all translanguage across the ecologies of our everyday practices through the full and ample use of our linguistic repertoires. In that sense, we are all translingual. If we think of moving across language and literacy borders as a space for pedagogical potential, we can underscore that learning is about engagement with diverse voices and conceptualizations. Students can develop a translingual awareness that perceives languages as plural and fluid, and this awareness can help students succeed outside of monolingual norms.
Long non-coding RNA XIST regulates gastric cancer progression by acting as a molecular sponge of miR-101 to modulate EZH2 expression
Authors: Chen Dong-liang , Ju Huai-qiang , Lu Yun-xin , Chen Le-zong , Zeng Zhao-lei , Zhang Dong-sheng , Luo Hui-yan , Wang Feng , Qiu Miao-zhen , Wang De-shen , Xu Da-zhi , Zhou Zhi-wei , Pelicano Helene , Huang Peng , Xie Dan , Wang Feng-hua , Li Yu-hong , Xu Rui-hua
Published: September 2016

Background

Long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) have emerged as critical regulators of tumor progression. However, the role and molecular mechanism of lncRNA XIST in gastric cancer is still unknown.

Methods

Real-time PCR analysis was performed to measure the expression levels of lncRNA XIST in gastric cancer tissues and cell lines, the correlation between lncRNA XIST expression and clinicopathological characteristics and prognosis was analyzed in gastric cancer patients. The biological function of lncRNA XIST on gastric cancer cells were determined both in vitro and in vivo. The regulating relationship between lncRNA XIST and miR-101 was investigated in gastric cancer cells.

Results

lncRNA XIST was significantly up-regulated in gastric cancer tissues and cell lines. Overexpression of lncRNA XIST was markedly associated with larger tumor size, lymph node invasion, distant metastasis and TNM stage in gastric cancer patients. Functionally, knockdown of lncRNA XIST exerted tumor-suppressive effects by inhibiting cell proliferation, migration and invasion in vitro and tumor growth and metastasis in vivo. Furthermore, an inverse relationship between lncRNA XIST and miR-101 was found. Polycomb group protein enhancer of zeste homolog 2 (EZH2), a direct target of miR-101, could mediated the biological effects that lncRNA XIST exerted.

Conclusions

lncRNA XIST is up-regulated and is associated with aggressive tumor phenotypes and patient survival in gastric cancer, and the newly identified lncRNA XIST/miR-101/EZH2 axis could be a potential biomarkers or therapeutic targets for gastric cancer patients.
Drug development in Alzheimer’s disease: the path to 2025
Authors: Cummings Jeffrey , Aisen Paul S. , DuBois Bruno , Frölich Lutz , Jack Clifford R. , Jones Roy W. , Morris John C. , Raskin Joel , Dowsett Sherie A. , Scheltens Philip
Published: September 2016

The global impact of Alzheimer’s disease (AD) continues to increase, and focused efforts are needed to address this immense public health challenge. National leaders have set a goal to prevent or effectively treat AD by 2025. In this paper, we discuss the path to 2025, and what is feasible in this time frame given the realities and challenges of AD drug development, with a focus on disease-modifying therapies (DMTs). Under the current conditions, only drugs currently in late Phase 1 or later will have a chance of being approved by 2025. If pipeline attrition rates remain high, only a few compounds at best will meet this time frame. There is an opportunity to reduce the time and risk of AD drug development through an improvement in trial design; better trial infrastructure; disease registries of well-characterized participant cohorts to help with more rapid enrollment of appropriate study populations; validated biomarkers to better detect disease, determine risk and monitor disease progression as well as predict disease response; more sensitive clinical assessment tools; and faster regulatory review. To implement change requires efforts to build awareness, educate and foster engagement; increase funding for both basic and clinical research; reduce fragmented environments and systems; increase learning from successes and failures; promote data standardization and increase wider data sharing; understand AD at the basic biology level; and rapidly translate new knowledge into clinical development. Improved mechanistic understanding of disease onset and progression is central to more efficient AD drug development and will lead to improved therapeutic approaches and targets. The opportunity for more than a few new therapies by 2025 is small. Accelerating research and clinical development efforts and bringing DMTs to market sooner would have a significant impact on the future societal burden of AD. As these steps are put in place and plans come to fruition, e.g., approval of a DMT, it can be predicted that momentum will build, the process will be self-sustaining, and the path to 2025, and beyond, becomes clearer.
Sunscreen Use and Subsequent Melanoma Risk: A Population-Based Cohort Study
Authors: Ghiasvand Reza , Weiderpass Elisabete , Green Adele C. , Lund Eiliv , Veierød Marit B.
Published: September 2016

Purpose

To assess melanoma risk in relation to sunscreen use and to compare high– with low–sun protection factor (SPF) sunscreens in relation to sunbathing habits in a large cohort study.

Materials and Methods

We used data from the Norwegian Women and Cancer Study, a prospective population-based study of 143,844 women age 40 to 75 years at inclusion with 1,532,247 person-years of follow-up and 722 cases of melanoma. Multivariable Cox proportional hazards regression was used to estimate the association between sunscreen use (never, SPF < 15, SPF ≥ 15) and melanoma risk by calculating hazard ratios and 95% CIs. The population attributable fraction associated with sunscreen use was estimated.

Results

Sunscreen users reported significantly more sunburns and sunbathing vacations and were more likely to use indoor tanning devices. SPF ≥ 15 sunscreen use was associated with significantly decreased melanoma risk compared with SPF < 15 use (hazard ratio, 0.67; 95% CI, 0.53 to 0.83). The estimated decrease in melanoma (population attributable fraction) with general use of SPF ≥ 15 sunscreens by women age 40 to 75 years was 18% (95% CI, 4% to 30%).

Conclusion

Use of SPF ≥ 15 rather than SPF < 15 sunscreens reduces melanoma risk. Moreover, use of SPF ≥ 15 sunscreen by all women age 40 to 75 years could potentially reduce their melanoma incidence by 18%.
PICASSO III: A Phase III, Placebo-Controlled Study of Doxorubicin With or Without Palifosfamide in Patients With Metastatic Soft Tissue Sarcoma
Authors: Ryan Christopher W. , Merimsky Ofer , Agulnik Mark , Blay Jean-Yves , Schuetze Scott M. , Van Tine Brian A. , Jones Robin L. , Elias Anthony D. , Choy Edwin , Alcindor Thierry , Keedy Vicki L. , Reed Damon R. , Taub Robert N. , Italiano Antoine , Garcia del Muro Xavier , Judson Ian R. , Buck Jill Y. , Lebel Francois , Lewis Jonathan J. , Maki Robert G. , Schöffski Patrick
Published: September 2016

Purpose

Palifosfamide is the active metabolite of ifosfamide and does not require prodrug activation, thereby avoiding the generation of toxic metabolites. The PICASSO III trial compared doxorubicin plus palifosfamide with doxorubicin plus placebo in patients who had received no prior systemic therapy for metastatic soft tissue sarcoma.

Patients and Methods

Patients were randomly assigned 1:1 to receive doxorubicin 75 mg/m2 intravenously day 1 plus palifosfamide 150 mg/m2/d intravenously days 1 to 3 or doxorubicin plus placebo once every 21 days for up to six cycles. The primary end point was progression-free survival (PFS) by independent radiologic review.

Results

In all, 447 patients were randomly assigned to receive doxorubicin plus palifosfamide (n = 226) or doxorubicin plus placebo (n = 221). Median PFS was 6.0 months for doxorubicin plus palifosfamide and 5.2 months for doxorubicin plus placebo (hazard ratio, 0.86; 95% CI, 0.68 to 1.08; P = .19). Median overall survival was 15.9 months for doxorubicin plus palifosfamide and 16.9 months for doxorubicin plus placebo (hazard ratio, 1.05; 95% CI, 0.79 to 1.39; P = .74). There was a higher incidence of grade 3 to 4 adverse events in the doxorubicin plus palifosfamide arm (63.6% v 50.9%) including a higher rate of febrile neutropenia (21.4% v 12.6%).

Conclusion

No significant difference in PFS was observed in patients receiving doxorubicin plus palifosfamide compared with those receiving doxorubicin plus placebo. The observed median PFS and overall survival in this large, international study can serve as a benchmark for future studies of doxorubicin in metastatic soft tissue sarcoma.