bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Асимптотические режимы рассеяния адронов в КХД
Authors: Petrov Vladimir Alekseevich
Published: July 2019

Обсуждаются различные моды асимптотического поведения амплитуд рассеяния адронов в КХД. Показано, что условие тривиальности матрицы рассеяния при выключении взаимодействия фундаментальных полей приводит в чистой глюодинамике к невозможности сечений, которые не убывают с ростом энергии. Показано также, что в присутствии хотя бы одного типа массивных кварков этот запрет снимается. Обсуждаются также некоторые следствия присутствия инфракрасно устойчивой точки.
Потоки калибровочных полей и тождества Бьянки в расширенных теориях поля
Authors: Musaev Edvard Tavakkulovich
Published: July 2019

Тензорная иерархия исключительных теорий поля содержит калибровочные поля, которые удовлетворяют определенным тождествам Бьянки с источником, управляющим взаимодействием со стандартными и экзотическими бранами. Данные тождества отвечают за сокращение диаграмм типа головастик в схемах компактификации и обеспечивают условия согласованности при построении космологической модели. Подробно описывается и развивается подход, согласно которому анализ редукции ($10+10$)-мерной двойной теории поля к ($D+d+d$)-мерной расщепленной двойной теории поля позволяет рассматривать все тождества Бьянки этой теории в виде, аналогичном тому, который получается в расширенной теории поля.
Критическая динамика фазового перехода в сверхтекучее состояние
Authors: Zhavoronkov Yurii Aleksandrovich , Komarova Marina Vladimirovna , Molotkov Yurii Georgievich , Nalimov Mikhail Yur'evich , Honkonen Juha
Published: July 2019

В работах, посвященных сверхтекучести, часто можно встретить как общепринятое утверждение о том, что динамика соответствующего фазового перехода описывается стохастической моделью F или E. При этом динамический критический индекс не найден даже в ведущем порядке теории возмущений. Неизвестно и то, какая именно модель, E или F, в действительности соответствует этой системе. Для исследования данной проблемы использованы два различных подхода. Во-первых, динамика критического поведения в окрестности $\lambda$-точки исследуется методом ренормализационной группы на основе квантовой микроскопической модели в формализме временных функций Грина при конечной температуре. Во-вторых, стохастическая модель F исследована на наличие устойчивости относительно эффектов сжимаемости. Оба подхода приводят к одинаковому и весьма неожиданному результату: динамика фазового перехода в сверхтекучее состояние описывается стохастической моделью A с известным критическим динамическим индексом.
Предел статичности и эффект Пенроуза во вращающейся системе координат
Authors: Grib Andrei Anatol'evich , Pavlov Yurii Viktorovich
Published: July 2019

Показано, что для наблюдателя, использующего равномерно вращающиеся координаты в плоском пространстве-времени, возникают эффекты, подобные случаю вращающейся черной дыры: появляется поверхность, вне которой никакое тело не может быть неподвижным, а энергия частиц может быть равной нулю или отрицательной. Вне этой поверхности, аналогичной пределу статичности для вращающейся черной дыры, возможен эффект, подобный эффекту Пенроуза. Рассмотрен пример, когда один из осколков частицы, распавшейся на две вне предела статичности, прилетает во вращающуюся систему отсчета внутри предела статичности и имеет энергию, большую энергии исходной частицы. Получены ограничения для относительной скорости продуктов распада в процессе Пенроуза во вращающейся системе координат. Рассмотрен вопрос об определении энергии в неинерциальной системе отсчета. Для равномерно вращающейся системы отсчета рассмотрены состояния частиц с минимальной энергией, показана связь этой величины со сдвигом частоты излучения вращающегося тела при поперечном эффекте Доплера.
Эффекты электрон-электронного взаимодействия в планарных жидкостях Дирака
Authors: Teber Sofian , Kotikov Anatolii Vasil'evich
Published: July 2019

Дан обзор теоретико-полевых исследований эффектов электрон-электронного взаимодействия в различных системах физики конденсированных состояний, таких как планарные жидкости Дирака, т. е. графен и графеноподобные системы, поверхностные состояния некоторых топологических изоляторов, а также системы с полуцелыми значениями квантового эффекта Холла. Эти жидкости характеризуются бесщелевой зонной структурой, сильными электрон-электронными взаимодействиями и лоренц-инвариантностью, возникающей в глубоко инфракрасном диапазоне. Рассмотрен ряд рассматриваемых в экспериментах важных задач, которые в настоящее время вызывают большой интерес при исследованиях в физике низких энергий (конденсированные состояния), а также в физике высоких энергий (элементарные частицы). Исследовано влияние взаимодействия на свойства переноса и его предположительно решающее значение при потенциально возможной генерации динамической массы. Решение этих проблем и тщательное изучение пертурбативной структуры калибровочных теорий поля требует развития известных из квантовой электро/хромодинамики непертурбативных подходов и позволяет применять их к исследованию систем с сильным взаимодействием.
Переход слабого первого рода и псевдоскейлинговое поведение в классе универсальности Изинг-$O(N)$ модели
Authors: Sorokin Aleksandr Olegovich
Published: July 2019

Методами Монте-Карло и ренормгруппы исследуются системы, критическое поведение которых описывается двумя параметрами порядка: непрерывным (векторным) и дискретным (скалярным). Рассмотрены две модели классических гейзенберговских магнетиков в трех измерениях с различным числом компонент спина $N=1,\dotsc,4$: модель на кубической решетке с дополнительным конкурирующим антиферромагнитным обменом в слое и модель на объемноцентрированной решетке с двумя конкурирующими антиферромагнитными взаимодействиями. В обеих моделях наблюдается переход первого рода для всех значений $N$. В случае приблизительного равенства конкурирующих обменов первый род перехода близок ко второму и наблюдается псевдоскейлинговое поведение с критическими индексами, отличающимися от показателей $O(N)$-модели. В случае $N=2$ критические показатели согласуются с известными показателями класса магнетиков с неколлинеарным порядком. Также в рамках ренормгруппового анализа дается возможное объяснение наблюдаемому псевдоскейлингу.
Сильноинтенсивные переменные и дальние корреляции в модели с решеткой в поперечной плоскости
Authors: Belokurova Svetlana Nikolaevna , Vechernin Vladimir Viktorovich
Published: July 2019

В рамках модели со слиянием кварк-глюонных струн на поперечной решетке изучается сильноинтенсивная переменная, характеризующая корреляции между количествами частиц, образующихся в адронных взаимодействиях в двух разделенных по быстроте окнах наблюдения. Показано, что в случае с независимыми одинаковыми струнами эта наблюдаемая действительно является сильноинтенсивной величиной. Она зависит только от характеристик струны и не зависит от тривиальных, так называемых "объемных" флуктуаций в числе струн, возникающих, в том числе, из-за неизбежных флуктуаций прицельного параметра. При учете эффектов слияния струн, приводящих к образованию струнных кластеров с новыми свойствами, эта переменная оказывается равна взвешенному среднему ее значений для различных струнных кластеров. Весовые коэффициенты зависят от условий столкновения, и переменная теряет свой сильноинтенсивный характер. В рамках этой же модели для реалистичного случая с неоднородным распределением струн в поперечной плоскости найдены явные аналитические формулы для асимптот коэффициентов дальних по быстроте корреляций между различными величинами, включая интенсивные - средний поперечный импульс. Проанализированы свойства полученных коэффициентов корреляции и изучаемой сильноинтенсивной переменной, а также возможности их экспериментального наблюдения.
Применение функциональных уравнений для вычисления фейнмановских интегралов
Authors: Tarasov Oleg Vasilevich
Published: July 2019

Предложен метод использования функциональных уравнений для аналитического вычисления фейнмановских интегралов. Описан алгоритм решения функциональных уравнений. Показано, что решение функционального уравнения для фейнмановского интеграла представляет собой комбинацию нескольких интегралов с меньшим числом кинематических переменных. В некоторых случаях и такие интегралы с помощью функциональных уравнений можно свести к интегралам, в которых количество переменных еще меньше. Такое пошаговое применение функциональных уравнений приводит к интегралам, вычисление которых проще, чем вычисление исходного интеграла. Предлагаемая методика применена к нескольким однопетлевым интегралам. Для трехточечных и четырехточечных интегралов с безмассовыми пропагаторами при произвольной размерности пространства $d$ получены аналитические выражения в терминах гипергеометрических функций.
A Comparative Study on Speculation Forms of Interrogative Sentences in Korean and Japanese
Authors: MOON Chang-Hak
Published: July 2019

This article reveals the interrogative aspect of speculation forms in Japanese and Korean, including the characteristics of -keyss-nya in Korean and darooka in Japanese. -keyss-nya and darooka by definition indicate meanings of both “speculation” and “interrogation”, and thus it is anticipated that the semantic characteristics of these forms will not differ significantly. However, one perceives many differences when examining the semantic characteristics of both. First, a characteristic of -keyss-nya is its  with strong communicativity, whereas a characteristic of darooka is its  with weak communicativity. Second, based on this characteristic of , -keyss-nya is not made into “question usage that does not solicit an answer” or “exclamation usage,” but it may be made into “strong rhetorical questions.” Meanwhile, based on the characteristic of  with weak communicativity, darooka may be derived into “question usage that does not solicit an answer”, “exclamation usage”, and “weak rhetorical interrogative sentences.” As stated above, different semantic meanings of -keyss-nya and darooka result from semantic differences between -keyss- and daroo. The -keyss- meaning of “completion of judgement formation” is reflected in -keyss-nya’s characteristics of , and daroo’s meaning of the “judgement formation process” is reflected in darooka’s characteristics of .
Singing Together Alone: Dynamics Between Individual and Community in Middle Dutch Religious Song Collections
Authors: de Morrée Cécile
Published: July 2019

Scholars of late medieval religious practice have focused on the expression of personal devotion and on the use of individualized devotional texts and books. Particularly manuscript collections of Middle Dutch religious song are thought to have been used in personalized devotional practices of individuals, even though previous research generally did not include codicological analysis. Using both codicological research and textual analysis of twelve Middle Dutch religious song manuscripts and their contents (ca. 1470–1550), this article demonstrates that these sources contain indications for both individual use and for use in group activities.
Case Study in a Malaysian Public Agency on an Asset Management-Moving Towards the Accrual Basis of Accounting
Authors: Syed Ali Sharifah Sabrina , Choy Sheung Sharon Cheuk , Mohd Razali Mohd Waliuddin
Published: July 2019

As part of the strategic reform of Malaysian public services under the Government Transformation Program (GTP), accrual accounting is expected to be fully adopted in public sector financial reporting commencing on 1 January 2015, in order to ensure alignment with the global accounting standards. Consequently, in order to access the government effectiveness of moving towards the accrual basis of accounting, this study is to examine the asset management system in a Malaysian public agency; to evaluate the extent of compliance with MPSAS 17, Property, Plant and Equipment (PPE), IPSAS 26, Impairment of Cash-Generating Assets and IPSAS 21, Impairment of Non-Cash Generating Assets. Using qualitative approach, a preliminary study was conducted via interviews and through obtaining documents. The findings include the following: MPSAS17 has not been strictly adhered to and software is used to monitor the assets; however, the disposal of assets is a manual process and is not automated. The study also discussed any weaknesses pertaining to the said asset accounting system, and suggested recommendations for improvement thereon.
An Examination of the Performance Anxiety Levels of Undergraduate Music Teaching Students in the Instrument Exams According to Various Variables (Case of Tokat Province)
Authors: Umuzdaş Mehmet Serkan , Tök Hatice , Umuzdaş Serpil
Published: July 2019

Quantitative descriptive method was used in order to examine the state-trait and total anxiety levels of the students in the Undergraduate Music Teaching Program by gender, instrument difference, school year and academic achievement scores of students. The study has been conducted in the fall semester of 2018-2019 academic year in Turkey with Tokat University Faculty of Education, Fine Arts Education Department Music Education Program students (n = 77). For data collection, "The State-Trait Anxiety Inventory" developed by Spielberg et al. (1964) and adopted to Turkish by Öner and Le Compte (1983). The trait anxiety inventory was applied in a time period when the students were away from exam stress. The state anxiety inventory, on the other hand, was conducted just before the final exams. According to the results of the study, when the state-trait and total anxiety of the students receiving musical instrument education in Music Teacher Education Program is examined, it was found that there is a significant difference between trait and state anxiety, that female students' trait and total anxiety levels are higher, and the male students' state anxiety is higher; when it is considered in terms of instrument differences, it was seen that students playing stringed instruments have higher anxiety than those who play bow and wind instruments, A significant difference was found in terms of academic achievement scores in undergraduate freshman and senior students who have higher anxiety.
Family Leadership Styles and Deviant Behaviours of Primary School Pupils in Enugu State, Nigeria
Authors: Aye Eucharia Nchedo , Kama Innocent , Oforka Theresa Olunwa , Eze Celestine Okwudili , Eze Ngozi Eucharia , Onumonu Julia Amobi , Chinweuba Ngozi Hope , Akaneme Immaculata Nwakaego
Published: July 2019

OBJECTIVE: This study examined family leadership styles as determinants of deviant behaviours among primary school pupils in Enugu State, Nigeria.

METHODS: The study adopted a correlational research design. A total of 821 pupils were drawn as the sample for the study. A questionnaire was used as an instrument for the study.

RESULTS: The major findings of the study revealed that primary school pupils exhibited 12 out of 15 types of deviant behaviours such as indulging in exam malpractice, not devoted to studies, Bullying weaker pupils, fighting among pupils, lateness to school, and keeping bad friends among others as identified. It also showed that the authoritarian family leadership style had a significant relationship with primary school pupils’ deviant behaviour. Again it was discovered that the authoritative family leadership style also called assertive, democratic or balance family leadership style had a significant relationship with pupils’ deviant behaviours negatively. Moreover, permissive family leadership style had also a significant relationship with primary school pupils’ deviant behaviours. The result also indicated that neglectful family leadership style had a significant relationship with primary school pupils’ deviant behaviours. Furthermore, the result showed that family size had a significant influence on deviant behaviours exhibited by primary school pupils in Enugu state.

CONCLUSION: Rewarding and praising children who have good behaviours and assigning models to role-play by pupils with deviant behaviours may help to curb deviant behaviours among primary school pupils.
The Psychometric Properties of the Arabic Version of the Tilburg Frailty Indicator
Authors: Hayajneh Audai A.
Published: July 2019

Frailty is a loss of human function in one or more physical, psychological, or social aspects. The purpose of this study was to establish the reliability and validity of the Arabic (Jordan) version of the Tilburg Frailty Indicator (TFI) in older Jordanian adults. A total of 109 participants from Irbid, Jordan were recruited. Reliability tests were conducted by determining the KR-20 values. The total score of the Arabic (Jordan) version of the TFI had good reliability (KR 20 = 0.77) and good convergent and divergent validity with the corresponding scales: physical-TFI and the SF36-physical function (r = -0.317), psychological-TFI and GDS (r = 0.458), and social-TFI and the SF 36-social function (r = -0.304). The Arabic (Jordan) version of the TFI is reliable and valid for use in Jordanian population.
Dietary Intake of Amateur Bodybuilding Athletes Around Polokwane Municipality in Limpopo Province, South Africa
Authors: Masoga Sylven , Makuse Sefora H. M. , Bopape Makoma M.
Published: July 2019

OBJECTIVE: To determine the dietary intake of amateur bodybuilding athletes around Polokwane municipality in Limpopo Province, South Africa.

DESIGN: This was a descriptive cross-sectional study in which purposive sampling was used to recruit 51 participants out of 65 registered part-time competitive bodybuilders at three training gyms around Polokwane. Dietary information was collected using a modified 24-hour-recall questionnaire on three different days, which was validated by the modified Food Frequency Questionnaire.

SETTINGS: The study took place at three gyms that enrolled these part-time athletes, all of whom were registered with the International Federation of Bodybuilding in South Africa (IFBBSA). Data were collected during the off-season period.

RESULTS: Macronutrients: All the athletes consumed energy and carbohydrates below the daily recommendations of the International Society for Sports Nutrition (ISSN) with mean values of 129 ± 36.7 KJ/kg and 3.9 ± 0.9 g/kg respectively. Furthermore, 78% and 94% of the athletes consumed protein (1.3 ± 0.5 g/kg) and fat (0.8 ± 0.4 g/kg) below the daily recommendations, respectively. Vitamins: Most of the athletes took vitamins C (53%); B1 (82%) and B6 (82%) within the Estimated Average Requirements (EAR) while the intake of vitamins A (69%) and E (72%) were below the recommendations. While 88% of the athletes consumed above the EAR for vitamin B12, only 41% and 17% took vitamins B2 and B6 above the Upper Tolerable Limit (UL). Minerals: Most of the athletes consumed phosphorus (94%), iron (88%), zinc (78%), magnesium (71%) and selenium (61%) within the EAR. The proportions of bodybuilders who consumed minerals below the EAR were 86% for calcium, 4% for phosphorus, 10% for iron, 19% for zinc, 23% for magnesium and 37% for selenium.

CONCLUSION: The macronutrient intake of bodybuilders around Polokwane is mostly below recommendations, but consumption of micronutrients is mostly within the recommendations. Therefore, the dietary intake of these bodybuilders especially for macronutrient intake is sub-optimal to support their competitive activity.
The Heat-Dissipation and Dehumidification System of the Hybrid Multi-Layer Gravity Heat Pipe Applied to Granary
Authors: Su Guoyong , Wu Yu , Gao Wei
Published: July 2019

Based on the basic working principle and heat transfer characteristics of gravity heat pipe in combination with the grain stack particle's stacking characteristics, this study changes the structure of traditional heat pipe to change the heat transfer mode between the grain stack and the gravity heat pipe so as to improve the grain's heat-dissipation rate and heat-dissipation efficiency. Generally, this system can satisfy the internal heat dissipation requirements of grain stack only under the action of a non-power fan driven by the air in the atmosphere and the temperature difference between inside and outside of the fan. When the internal temperature sensor of the grain stack detects that the internal temperature of the grain stack is high only under the action of the non-power fan, the pipeline booster fan will be started. At the same time, when the gas exchange occurs between the internal gas in grain stack and the external air, the dehumidification and drying of the grain stack can be realized through the gas drying device of the product. Through theory and simulation, this paper conducts a comparative analysis on the variation law of grain stack's temperatures under the action of gravity heat pipe and no gravity heat pipe so as to explore the heat-dissipation system's working efficiency of the new structure gravity heat pipe. The gravity heat pipe and the non-power fan in the system are all green products, which makes this design product have better heat-dissipation effect and less energy consumption.
Cloud IoT as a Crucial Enabler: a Survey and Taxonomy
Authors: Taha El-Omari Nidhal Kamel
Published: July 2019

Commonly, the technology of information scales by an order of magnitude and with high probability reinvents itself every five years or so. However, the long-standing dream has definitely become a reality today that saying you need merely a credit card to get on-demand instant accesses to a large pool of thousands, if not millions of computers founded in tens of data centers scattered across the globe.

As a matter of fact, Cloud Computing is indeed a new radical paradigm shift that evolved out of utmost needs for hosting and delivering all the things electronically as well-defined services over the Internet. Its aim is not only to provide improved computerized services but also innovative ones to every user from ordinary-home end-users to professional workers.

Another further long-held dream of computing that has recently emerged as a reality is the CloudIoT paradigm where the cloud-based application platforms are enhanced to generate smart decisions and usable intelligence based on Internet-connected semi-autonomous smart small sensors that can sense, interrupt, and interchange data between each other as well as with the same computing clouds.

With the intention of reaching the right cloud computing vision, it is, however, insufficient to just track a set of research and development actions that address the major concerns without practical support from both industrial and research communities. Rather, there is a necessity to enact a series of insight development strategies and policies that not only ensure that the right issues are well-timed addressed, but also that the most appropriate actions are taken and accomplished.

Additionally, one of the key points to consider in this paper is that this in-depth evaluation of using Cloud computing may find points lacking in the cloud environments that could open up new research opportunities to be further investigated or enable new speed-to-market scenarios.
Controle of begeleiding? Ervaringen met reclasseringstoezicht tijdens de voorwaardelijke invrijheidstelling
Authors: Doekhie Jennifer , van Ginneken Esther , Dirkzwager Anja , Nieuwbeerta Paul
Published: July 2019

Control or guidance? Experiences with probation supervision during the conditional release

Little is known about how ex-prisoners’ parole supervision experiences relate to desistance. The aim of this article therefore is to gain insight into the nature of release conditions and parole supervision of ex-prisoners and parolees’ perceptions of their supervision related to the desistance process. A total of 23 Dutch parolees were interviewed in depth at three waves starting in prison up to one year after their release, and the 69 interviews were combined with their parole files containing information about conditions, violations and sanctions. Parole files revealed the practice of highly engaged parole officers, who worked with parolees to strengthen factors known to foster desistance. However, the interviews showed that most parolees found their parole experience predominantly surveillance-oriented and not very helpful for desistance. Parole was experienced as most beneficial when parole officers used their discretionary power to adjust conditions creating ‘space’ for trial-and-error.
En wat als het misgaat?
Authors: Boone Miranda
Published: July 2019

And what happens if things go wrong? The transposition and revocation of supervision of offenders in society

The decision to revoke or recall a conditional sanction is barely researched in criminal justice research, despite the interests involved for the offender as well as society. This article reflects on some results from a comparative research project on breach decision-making (COST Action on Offender Supervision in Europe). Using Hawkins’ concept of serial decision-making, the interdependence of early stage and final stage decision makers is highlighted. The significant power exercised by early stage actors raises the issue of the need to ensure credibility of community sanctions and appropriate due process protections, without reducing their discretion so much that they cannot perform their role of supporting the offender to complete the supervisory order successfully.
Circles of Support and Accountability
Authors: Höing Mechtild , Alards Audrey
Published: July 2019

Circles of Support and Accountability. A social network for sex offenders

In Circles of Support and Accountability (COSA) a group of trained and supervised volunteers support a medium to high-risk sex offender in his process of re-entry after detention. Sex offenders participate on a voluntary basis. Circles have a double aim: the prevention of new sexual offences and the rehabilitation of the sex offender. Circles offer social inclusion and support for behavior change, and monitor risk. They are embedded in the professional network of sex offender after care. Through a professional circle coordinator relevant information is circulated between the circle and professional agencies, to enable adequate support and interventions. Effect studies show that COSA contributes to a reduced risk of reoffending. The model was developed in Canada almost 25 years ago and has been picked up by a growing number of countries in Europe, the America’s, Asia, as well as Australia and New Zealand. Variations in the model become apparent and raise questions about the essentials of COSA.
Technologische hulpmiddelen bij toezicht op delinquenten in de samenleving
Authors: de Kogel Katy
Published: July 2019

Technological tools for monitoring offenders in society

How can technological tools contribute to supervising and reintegrating offenders in society? Globally, technological tools for supervision are broken down into so-called first generation (GPS tracking) and second generation (smartphone and sensor technology). An overview is given of what is globally known about the effectiveness and assumed mechanisms of action of first-generation technical tools. Then it is explored what added value second-generation technical aids can have and to which working mechanisms they could connect. Smartphone and sensor technology have the potential to contribute to the rehabilitation functions of the supervision, inter alia because they offer possibilities for more personalized supervision and for the combination of supervision and treatment. Although initiatives have been started in this regard and research is ongoing, hardly anything is known yet about the effectiveness of these new technological applications. The reliability and safety of IT, as well as ethical and legal aspects also require attention.
THE ROLE OF AGRICULTURE IN POVERTY REDUCTION IN NIGERIA: AN EMPIRICAL PERSPECTIVE
Authors: Omotayo Olayemi Henry , Ayomitunde Aderemi Timothy , Omolola Ojelade Lydia , Georgina Adebayo Abiola
Published: July 2019

Abstract
In Nigeria, several advocacies have been raised in different fora over time that agriculture is capable of reducing poverty in the country. An attempt to empirically validate the above argument has generated a policy mix in the literature. Therefore, further empirical investigation about this subject matter becomes imperative. Consequently, the study utilized the DOLS and Granger Causality Approach to address the objective of this study. However, the principal findings that emerged in this study are as follows: in the long run, there is a significant positive relationship between the employment in agriculture and poverty level, inflation rate and poverty level have a negative relationship with each other. Meanwhile, agricultural output causes a significant reduction in the poverty level. Also, one-way feedback relationship runs from agricultural output to the poverty level in the country. Based on the findings that originated in this study, this paper makes the following recommendations for the policymakers, future researchers and all the stakeholders in the agricultural sector in Nigeria that agricultural output has the capacity to reduce poverty level in the country. This implies that when poverty reduction is the target of the policymakers in the country, manipulating agricultural output will induce the reduction in poverty level in the long run. Also the government should possess political goodwill to revamp agricultural sector.
DETERMINANTS OF FOOD INSUFFICIENCY COPING STRATEGIES IN SUB-SAHARAN AFRICA: A CASE OF MALAWI
Authors: Kamba Yanjanani
Published: July 2019

This paper examined the determinants of household food insufficiency coping strate-gies based on secondary data collected from 12,480 randomly selected households in Malawi. In response to food insufficiency, households employed the following coping strategies: relying on less preferred food options, reducing the proportion of meals, reducing the number of meals per day, restricting adult consumption for small children to eat, and borrowing food from family or friends. To assess the determinants of food insufficiency coping strategies, a multivariate probit model was employed. Education level, household size, livestock ownership and place of residence were some of the important factors that affected the choice of the coping strategies. The paper recom-mends policies that aim at strengthening the education system of the rural communities to equip them with skills they can use diversify their livelihood sources.
STRUCTURAL BREAKS IN NATURAL GAS CONSUMPTION AND ECONOMIC GROWTH IN NIGERIA: EVIDENCE FROM NEW TIME SERIES TESTS THAT ALLOW FOR STRUCTURAL BREAKS
Authors: Galadima Mukhtar Danladi , Aminu Abubakar Wambai
Published: July 2019

This paper analyzed the issue of structural breaks in natural gas consumption and economic growth in Nigeria. The newly residual augmented least squares (RALS-LM) unit root test with breaks also known as “RALS-LM test with trend breaks and non-normal errors” proposed by Meng-Lee-Payne (2017) and the new structural breaks testing proposed by Kejriwal–Perron (2010) are among the tools used for the investi-gation. Our empirical findings provide significant evidence that the series of natural gas consumption and economic growth are stationary with one or two trend breaks. Furthermore, the investigation identified significant incidences of structural breaks in the relationship between natural gas consumption and economic growth in 1990, 2004, 2009 and all the break dates were found to be significant. The evaluation of the sub-sample periods based on the break dates revealed that the first and second breaks are potential while the last is destructive. Moreover, the estimate of the long-run elasticity is significant where a 1% increase in natural gas consumption induces the growth of Nigerian economy by 0.15% and all the dummies that represent the breakpoints are also significant where the 2004 break had a bigger effect among other breaks. The implication of the results is that shocks in the series of natural gas consumption and economic growth in Nigeria have transitory effect, modeling the relationship between natural gas consumption and economic growth in Nigeria without taking structural breaks into consideration could produce biased and unreliable statistical results, and there is economically significant dependence of the Nigerian economy on natural gas consumption.
COUNTERACTING AND COMBATING TERRORISM AND ECOTERRORISM BY POLICE AND BORDER GUARD
Authors: Chochowski Krzysztof
Published: July 2019

Terrorism and ecoterrorism are one of the contemporary public safety threats in Po-land. The emerging radical ideologies that assume violence and terror find their sup-porters, which enforce state activity. Both the Police and the Border Guard, guarding the broadly understood security and public order, are obliged to counteract and com-bat terrorism.
This article presents considerations regarding counteracting and combating terrorism and ecoterrorism in Poland by the Police and the Border Guard. Thanks to their ac-tivities, it is possible to identify terrorist threats and counteract them, as well as to prosecute the perpetrators of acts of terrorism.
A FEW REMARKS ON THE METHODOLOGY OF THE HISTORY OF SAFETY RESEARCH
Authors: Kazimierski Zygmunt
Published: July 2019

In this article, the author discusses the unanswered subject of the methodology of researching the history of safety. The starting point of his deliberations is the presen-tation of safety issues, the subject of safety history and discussion of the directions and methods of history research indicated in the literature. Next, the author justifies the necessity to start work on the methodology of safety history, then indicates the emer-gence of separate safety subdisciplines such as: safety philosophy, sociology of safety, safety psychology, safety culture. The natural consequence of this development of science, which is safety, should be the introduction of a safety history. An additional argument is the conduct of a subject in this field at Polish universities. In the further part of the article periodical patterns of history are presented. It is intended as a starting point for conducting safety history research. Finally, the author analyses the pos-sibilities of the research.
A REVIEW OF THE BENEFITS AND OBSTACLES OF LEARNING FRENCH LANGUAGE IN NIGERIA
Authors: Okoedion Eseohe Glory
Published: July 2019

Language is the primary mode of human expression. Language delineates humans from other animals. With the use of language in its oral and written form, humans are able to communicate and express their feelings within the cultural norms. In essence, lan-guage is a mean or process of understanding the experience, ideas, and emotions. Since French is a language, it performs all functions that human languages perform such as communicative, interactive, diplomatic and informative functions. These func-tions have an impact positively on sustainable human development of the country. In spite of the benefits that the Nigeria citizenry are to derive while learning French language, there are many obstacles on its way such as government attitude towards the language, learning environment, lack of infrastructures, lack of motivation, jobless-ness of the students, etc. Hence, the analysis of the benefits and obstacles of learning French language in Nigeria and recommendation of ways alleviate the obstacles of learning French Language in Nigeria is what this paper has set out to achieve.
IMPLEMENTATION OF THE IOT AND CLOUD TECHNOLOGIES IN EDUCATION SYSTEM
Authors: Singh Ajit
Published: July 2019

The Internet has evolved from connecting people and later videos, photos, and text to more recently physical objects. Using sensors, physical objects can “talk” (transmit data) to each other and even command each other to perform a physical act. As things and people become more connected, such objects will also become part of social net-works, much in the same way that people tag photos on Facebook. In this way, the value of such objects will increase for both research and learning[12].
The IOT and Cloud computing technologies can provide solutions for the above-mentioned problems in the education system. Cloud computing enables users to control and access data via the Internet. The main users of a typical higher education cloud include students, faculty, administrative staff, Examination Branch and Admission Branch. All the main users of the institution are connected to the cloud. Separate login is provided for all the users for their respective work[12]. Teachers can upload their class Tutorials, assignments, and tests on the cloud server which students will be able to access all the teaching material provided by the teachers via the Internet using computers and other electronic devices both at home and college and 24X7. This paper focuses on the integration of Cloud and IOT for the education system. Connected de-vices can help make life easier for students with special needs. Many of the daydreams for IOT in education involve students taking advantage of new technologies to com-plete cool new projects.
ABOUT A SOCIAL ENTERPRISE...
Authors: Gardziński Tomasz
Published: July 2019

A social enterprise is an innovative phenomenon in which every day entrepreneurial problems are solved by an entrepreneurial initiative of cooperating individuals. Espe-cially in regions with large social and human capital, among communities with high trust, sensitivity and a sense of common social purpose in business, people discover that together we can do more, especially in our small homelands that constitute the microcosm of economic life. The aim of the article is to show that in the era of rapid technological progress, social innovations are a boundary condition for the survival of not only social enterprises, but also commercial ones, which to a smaller or larger extent also realize or can achieve social goals.
Remoção biológica de nitrogênio em águas residuárias: uma revisão dos processos convencionais aos processos modernos
Authors: Alves Camila Ferreira , Bortoluci Carla Beatriz Casagrande , Oliveira Eduardo Paniguel , Pizzo Matheus Marques , Rodriguez Renata Piacentini
Published: July 2019

O lançamento de efluentes em corpos receptores ou em redes de esgoto deve ser monitorado e atender a legislação vigente. As máximas concentrações permitidas para o lançamento de nutrientes, especialmente o nitrogênio, se tornaram mais restritivas após 2005. O nitrogênio é um nutriente que está presente em diferentes tipos de águas residuárias, como chorume, efluentes industriais e esgotamento sanitário. O descarte deste tipo de efluente sem redução da carga de nitrogênio resulta em impactos sobre a fauna e flora de ecossistemas em geral. A remoção de nitrogênio está baseada na conversão de amônia a nitrito e nitrato (nitrificação) e posterior redução destes à nitrogênio gasoso (desnitrificação). Diversos métodos biológicos foram e têm sido desenvolvidos para remover nitrogênio de efluentes baseados em configurações complexas de reatores em série ou em sistemas unicompartimentados. Recentemente, novas rotas metabólicas envolvendo processos mais eficientes e econômicos têm sido apresentadas. Este trabalho apresenta uma revisão da literatura para os processos de nitrificação e desnitrificação convencional, nitrificação e desnitrificação simultânea, Sharon (Single Reactor System for High Activity Ammonia Removal Over Nitrite), Anammox (Anaerobic Ammonium Oxidation) e Canon (Completely Autotrophic Nitrogen Removal Over Nitrite). As principais características de cada processo foram abordadas, destacando-se as principais reações envolvidas, crescimento biológico, inibidores, requisitos e aplicações.
Intercooperação: estratégia para o desenvolvimento rural sustentável e promoção da segurança alimentar no Território Zona Sul (RS)
Authors: Peroni Neimar Damian , Peglow Karin , Kohler Romualdo
Published: July 2019

Esse trabalho é um estudo de caso que sistematiza e analisa impactos e desafios das ações do Fórum da Agricultura Familiar do Território Zona Sul (RS), a partir da constituição do Grupo de Trabalho do Cooperativismo (GT), com o objetivo de avançar na relação com atores regionais que desenvolvem atividades relacionadas à organização do cooperativismo, políticas públicas, articulação de estratégias de desenvolvimento regional sustentável e acesso aos mercados institucionais, formação e apoio às cooperativas para aumento da eficiência, da autonomia, da intercooperação. Com ênfase na ação da extensão rural junto ao GT, através de uma equipe multidisciplinar da EMATER/RS, articulada com outras instituições, envolve 44 cooperativas e seis mil associados (agricultores familiares, pescadores artesanais, assentados da Reforma Agrária e quilombolas). Essa ação permitiu às cooperativas acessarem os mercados institucionais de diferentes formas: através do Programa de Aquisição de Alimentos, fornecimento de alimentos da Agricultura Familiar para o Restaurante Escola da UFPEL, estruturação de uma banca no Mercado Central de Pelotas, com a perspectiva de ampliação do fornecimento de produtos da Agricultura Familiar para outros mercados aumentando assim a renda das famílias da Agricultura Familiar, promovendo a inclusão de novas cooperativas e proporcionando o desenvolvimento rural sustentável.
Caracterização físico-química dos biodieseis dos óleos de coco, soja e maracujá obtidos por transesterificação utilizando ultrassom
Authors: Silva Ivenio Moreira da , Pereira Roberto Guimarães
Published: July 2019

O presente estudo trata da produção dos biodieseis dos óleos de coco, soja e maracujá obtidos por transesterificação utilizando ultrassom, assim como sua caracterização físico-química. Os óleos de coco e soja foram adquiridos no comércio varejista, e o óleo de maracujá foi produzido em Laboratório na Universidade Federal Fluminense. O processo de transesterificação se deu com o uso do ultrassom Cole Parmer 750W. Verificou-se o rendimento dos biodieseis produzidos em relação ao volume de óleo utilizado nas bateladas. Foram feitas misturas do biodiesel produzido com o óleo diesel nas proporções B0, B25, B50, B75 e B100. As misturas foram caracterizadas através das propriedades físico-químicas: viscosidade cinemática a 40°C; massa específica a 20°C; ponto de névoa e ponto de fluidez. A massa específica das misturas foi determinada por meio do Método do Picnômetro, sendo encontrados valores de massa específica entre 832,166kg/m3 a 20°C para o diesel (B0) e 884,619kg/m3 a 20°C para o biodiesel de maracujá (B100), confirmando o aumento da massa específica em relação ao aumento do biodiesel nas misturas. A viscosidade cinemática das misturas, também, apresentou valores maiores com o acréscimo do biodiesel nas misturas. O biodiesel de coco apresentou ponto de névoa elevado (7,20°C) sendo este valor superior ao verificado em outros biodieseis e no diesel.
Impactos ambientais oriundos da extração de calcário laminado em Santana do Cariri (CE)
Authors: Oliveira Esdras Alex Freire de , Figueirêdo Sheilla da Silva Melo , Gonçalves Jamily Freire , Batista Thatiany Alencar , Homem Ivan Cézar Alencar , Januário Thays Lorranny da Silva
Published: July 2019

A exploração do calcário laminado em Santana do Cariri (CE) é considerada umas das principais atividades econômicas do município, aliada à agricultura de subsistência e à mineração da gipsita. Esse recurso mineral, assim como outros, quando explorado de forma inadequada geram impactos de caráter ambiental e social. Nesse contexto, a presente pesquisa tem como objetivo realizar uma avaliação dos impactos ambientais ocasionados pela extração do calcário laminado em uma mina a céu aberto localizada no bairro Inhumas desse município. Trata-se de um estudo de abordagem qualitativa e descritiva, onde foram utilizados métodos como: pesquisa bibliográfica, pesquisa de campo e entrevistas semiestruturadas com representantes da mineração em estudo. Dentre os resultados obtidos, constatou-se que a exploração do calcário laminado está sendo realizada sem nenhum acompanhamento profissional especializado e com a utilização de equipamentos rudimentares, o que tem contribuído para elevação das perdas de materiais durante o processo de lavra e consequentemente tem aumentado a acumulação de rejeitos de calcários nos arredores da jazida. Além do excesso de rejeitos, nota-se a alteração da paisagem local, o assoreamento do Rio Cariús e a destruição irreversível de fósseis. Diante dessa problemática, faz-se necessária uma atuação imediata dos órgãos públicos no planejamento de medidas mitigatórias com a finalidade de diminuir os efeitos degradantes resultantes desta atividade de extração mineral.
L’enfant intérieur, un concept marketing universel ? Exploration du concept aux États-Unis et en France
Authors: Alemany Oliver Mathieu
Published: July 2019

Alors que certaines marques américaines et européennes communiquent sur le comportement enfantin du consommateur adulte et que la société de consommation prend quelquefois l’aspect d’un immense terrain de jeu, ce papier explore le concept d’enfant intérieur à travers une ethnographie du cosplay menée aux États-Unis et en France. Les résultats montrent une certaine homogénéité des comportements américains et français. Dès lors nous proposons aux entreprises présentes dans ces pays de prendre en compte l’importance du jeu dans l’expérience de consommation et plus particulièrement la préférence des consommateurs pour le jeu désorganisé et spontané.
Assessment of Community-led Total Sanitation Sustainability in Ejigbo Local Government Area of Osun State, Nigeria
Authors: Sawyerr H. O. , Adepoju A. A.
Published: July 2019

Nigeria is among the nations of the world with the highest number of people practising Open Defecation. This study among others assessed the level of community-led total sanitation (CLTS) in the selected triggered communities and focused on the rationale for the reversion of CLTS programme implemented in some of some rural communities with poor sanitation coverage in Ejigbo Local Government Area of Osun state, Nigeria, with the technical and financial support of donor agencies. The qualitative, semi-structured questionnaires were administered in 296 households in 41 selected communities. Spatial positioning of communities and water points coordinates were collected through the use of a hand-held Global Positioning System- GPS model etrex 10 GARMIN to produce a digital map through the Arc view Geographical Information System software. Two batches of CLTS were conducted in the Local Government Area across 182 communities in 2006 and 2012 with and without subsidy. Communities were triggered and declared open defecation free while some were certified ODF. The majority (75.7%) of the respondents reverted to OD as a result of caved-in of pit latrine due to the use of log of wood, wooden slab as platform over the pit. 5.1% of the respondents improved on CLTS latrine 81.7% of household used the latrine for just two years before defectiveness set in. All respondents agreed to have benefited in the CLTS programme and were willing to return to construct durable latrine provided they get a subsidy or are financially buoyancy. This study revealed that emphasis was on latrine construction while other components of environmental sanitation were not properly addressed as any scalability was near to nothing. Monitoring and follow up was found to be weak among the stakeholders.
In-vitro Biochemical Studies on Organometallic Compounds as Anticancer Agents
Authors: Mohammed F. Z. , Elsayed Elsherbiny H. , Elbaky Atef E. Abd , Shalaby H. M.
Published: July 2019

This study aims to synthesis of copper complexes of 2,3-dihydroxy benzaldehyde thiosemicarbazone (3a,b), followed by evaluating their in vitro anticancer properties. The prepared compounds have been also evaluated for their ability to induce apoptosis. A total number of 80 adult female Swiss albino mice weighing 20-25 gm were divided randomly into 8 groups (10 mice /each group). The in vitro cytotoxic activities of compounds (3a, 3b) were evaluated. Minimum inhibitory concentrations of synthesized compound 3a were found to be 50 μg/mL against MCF-7, HepG2 and PC3 cell lines; also, Minimum inhibitory concentrations of synthesized compound 3b were found to be 50 μg/mL in all cell lines. The apoptotic effect of compounds 3a and 3b were evaluated by measurement Caspase-3 activity and Bcl-2 concentration. The mean values of Caspase-3 activity in positive control were found to be 2.6151 (ng/mL). On the other hand, the mean values of Bcl-2 in positive control were found to be 3.7 (ng/mL). The compounds (3a & 3b) exhibited a significant anticancer activity towards MCF-7, HEPG2 and PC3 cancer cell lines.