bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Nettbrett i kunst og håndverk
Authors: Elmies-Vestergren Anne
Published: November 2023

I artikkelen undersøker jeg hvordan samtidskunstnerne Petra Cortright og Cory Arcangel bruker digitale medier i sine kunstneriske praksiser, og hvordan denne praksisen kan inspirere og utfordre kunst- og håndverksundervisning med nettbrett i en førsteklasse. Prosjektet er en del av min doktorgradsavhandling og dreier seg om fire workshoper rundt utforskende og skapende måter å bruke nettbrettet på som ble prøvd ut våren 2021. Didaktisk knytter prosjektet seg til et sanselig didaktisk design. I sanselig didaktisk design utfordres tanken om at kunnskap er noe som allerede eksisterer og som elevene kan tilegne seg hvis læreren er god til å formidle. Istedenfor sees kunnskap og læring som noe som konstant skapes mellom menneskelige og ikke-menneskelige aktører. Artikkelens metodologiske forankring hentes fra a/r/tografi, hvor forskeren ikke observerer utenfra, men er med på å drive forskningen videre gjennom en veksling mellom å utøve, forske og undervise/lære. I artikkelens analyse viser jeg hvordan møter med nettbrettet, med bakgrunn i samtidskunsten, kan være kroppslige, skapende og relasjonelle.
Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi alter rhizosphere fungal community characteristics of Acorus calamus to improve Cr resistance
Authors: Xia Guodong , Zhu Sixi , Zhao Wei , Yang Xiuqing , Sheng Luying , Mao Huan
Published: November 2023

To investigate changes in fungal community characteristics under different Cr(VI) concentration stresses and the advantages of adding arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF), we used high throughput sequencing to characterize the fungal communities. Cr(VI) stress reduced rhizosphere soil SOM (soil organic matter) content and AMF addition improved this stress phenomenon. There were significant differences in fungal community changes under different Cr(VI) concentrations. The fungal community characteristics changed through inhibition of fungal metabolic ability, as fungal abundance increased after AMF addition, and the fungal diversity increased under high Cr(VI) concentration. The dominant phyla were members of the Ascomycota, Basidiomycota, Mortierellomycota, and Rozellomycota. Dominant groups relevant to Cr resistance were Ascomycota and Basidiomycota fungi. Moreover, Fungal community characteristics were analyzed using high-throughput sequencing of the cytochrome c metabolic pathway, NADH dehydrogenase, and NADH: ubiquinone reductase and all these functions were enhanced after AMF addition. Therefore, Cr(VI) stress significantly affects fungal community structure, while AMF addition could increase its SOM content, and metabolic capacity, and improve fungal community tolerance to Cr stress. This study contributed to the understanding response of rhizosphere fungal community in AMF-assisted wetland phytoremediation under Cr stress.
AL360181.1 promotes proliferation and invasion in colon cancer and is one of ten m6A-related lncRNAs that predict overall survival
Authors: Luo Yi , Xie Yayun , Wu Dejun , Wang Bingyi , Lu Helei , Wang Zhiqiang , Quan Yingjun , Han Bo
Published: November 2023

Background

N6-methyladenosine (m6A) exerted a pivotal role in colon cancer. Nevertheless, the long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) associated with this process have yet to be elucidated.

Methods

The open-access data used for analysis was downloaded from The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) database for analysis, employing the R software for computational evaluations. The RNA level of specific molecules was assessed using the quantitative real-time PCR. CCK8, colony formation and transwell assay were used to evaluate the proliferation, invasion and migration ability of colon cancer cells.

Results

Here, we identified the m6A regulators from TCGA data and subsequently pinpointed lncRNAs with a —Cor— > 0.3 and P < 0.05, categorizing them as m6A-associated lncRNAs. Moreover, we formulated a prognosis signature rooted in ten m6A-related lncRNAs, consisting of AL360181.1, PCAT6, SNHG26, AC016876.1, AC104667.2, AL114730.3, LINC02257, AC147067.1, AP006621.3 and AC009237.14. This signature exhibited notable predictive accuracy in gauging patient survival. Immune-related evaluations revealed varied immune cell infiltration patterns across different risk groups, with our findings suggesting superior immunotherapy response in low-risk patients. Biological enrichment analysis indicated that the high-risk patients had a higher activity of multiple carcinogenic pathways, including glycolysis. The previously unreported lncRNA, AL360181.1, displayed a connection to glycolytic activity and diminished survival rates, warranting further investigation. The result indicated that AL360181.1 was correlated with more aggressive clinical characteristics. Immune infiltration assessments found AL360181.1 to have a positive correlation with Tcm infiltration, but an inverse relationship with entities like Th2 cells, T cells, neutrophils and macrophages. Biological enrichment analysis indicated that the pathways of WNT/β-catenin, pancreas beta cells, hedgehog signaling and some metabolism pathways were upregulated in high AL360181.1 patients. In vitro experiments showed that AL360181.1 was upregulated in the colon cancer cells. Moreover, AL360181.1 significantly promotes the proliferation, invasion and migration of colon cancer cells.

Conclusions

Our results can provide direction for future studies on m6A-related lncRNA in colon cancer.
Elucidating the role of nicotinamide N-methyltransferase-p53 axis in the progression of chronic kidney disease
Authors: Zhen Xin , Sun Yuxiang , Lin Hongchun , Huang Yuebo , Liu Tianwei , Li Yuanqing , Peng Hui
Published: November 2023

Background

Chronic kidney disease (CKD) is a significant global health issue characterized by progressive loss of kidney function. Renal interstitial fibrosis (TIF) is a common feature of CKD, but current treatments are seldom effective in reversing TIF. Nicotinamide N-methyltransferase (NNMT) has been found to increase in kidneys with TIF, but its role in renal fibrosis is unclear.

Methods

Using mice with unilateral ureteral obstruction (UUO) and cultured renal interstitial fibroblast cells (NRK-49F) stimulated with transforming growth factor-β1 (TGF-β1), we investigated the function of NNMT in vivo and in vitro.

Results

We performed single-cell transcriptome sequencing (scRNA-seq) on the kidneys of mice and found that NNMT increased mainly in fibroblasts of UUO mice compared to sham mice. Additionally, NNMT was positively correlated with the expression of renal fibrosis-related genes after UUO injury. Knocking down NNMT expression reduced fibroblast activation and was accompanied by an increase in DNA methylation of p53 and a decrease in its phosphorylation.

Conclusions

Our findings suggest that chronic kidney injury leads to an accumulation of NNMT, which might decrease p53 methylation, and increase the expression and activity of p53. We propose that NNMT promotes fibroblast activation and renal fibrosis, making NNMT a novel target for preventing and treating renal fibrosis.
Using the attribute control chart to monitor a chemical manufacturing process
Authors: De Jesus Bruno Mendes , Dos Santos Isabela Salete Mesquita , De Albernaz João Vitor Marinho , Cardoso Ronald Palandi , Sampaio Nilo Antonio de Souza
Published: November 2023

The chemical and pharmaceutical industries have quality as a prerequisite for the smooth running of their processes. Quality monitoring in this type of industrial activity is carried out using attribute control charts, among others. The aim of this article is to show a case study carried out in a company in the south of the state of Rio de Janeiro which used this type of control chart, more specifically the NP control chart, to monitor an antibiotic manufacturing process. The results showed the need for some adjustments and management actions will be taken to improve the process.
The trends of policy research onto non-public preschool education –findings from scopus database
Authors: Do Minh Thu , Nguyen Thang The , Ho Binh Thanh , Pham Hong Thi Thuy
Published: November 2023

Public education is not only an option for early childhood education in countries around the world; this makes non-public preschool policy even more important when the objectives, content, and programs are met and all issues related to early childhood education of non-public forces can contribute to this important level of education. With data from the Scopus system and the quantitative bibliographic method, this study aims to provide a general picture of how research trends in non-public policy on early childhood education have been studied. The results show that the number of non-public preschool policy research studies is not much, although the number has gradually increased in recent years. Publication is mainly in developed countries and in the field of medicine. Therefore, there is a need for more detailed studies on each aspect of non-public policy on early childhood education by region, level of development, industry, and interdisciplinary trends in this policy issue.
Two Swords in the Storm: Parvovirus B19 and COVID-19 Clash in a Myocardial Mayhem of Arrhythmias
Authors: Khalikh Shaikh A. Khalil A. , Munde Kalyan S.
Published: November 2023

Myocarditis can be caused by a variety of infectious and non-infectious illnesses [1]. Although viral infection remains the most commonly identified cause of myocarditis, the role of parvovirus B19 (B19V) from the Erythrovirus genus in the pathogenesis of myocarditis has been identified as a potentially important contributor to myocarditis because of the high prevalence of Parvovirus B 19 (B19V) DNA in hearts of patients with myocarditis [2]. Co-infections of cardiotropic viruses are rarely reported and the mechanisms of viral interactions remain unknown [3]. In this report, we present a case of acute myocarditis in a young male, precipitated by a co-infection of Parvovirus B19 and COVID-19, characterized by fulminant progression and the development of multiple arrhythmias.
Unravelling the Genetic Potential of Buckwheat Genotypes through Yield and Yield Attributing Parameters in Semi-tropical Climate of India
Authors: Kongari Sunil , Sahi Vaidurya Pratap , Varma Vallala Chanukya , Kumar Dongala Manoj
Published: November 2023

In this comprehensive study on buckwheat genotypes conducted in the semi-tropical region of Prayagraj, Uttar Pradesh, India during the rabi, 2021 growing season, a range of critical agronomic traits, including plant height, flowering time, days to maturity, test weight, and economic yield, were systematically analyzed. The analysis of variance highlighted the significance of both replicates and treatments in explaining variations across these traits. The genotypes exhibited remarkable diversity, with notable differences in plant height, with IC-26755 exhibiting the tallest plants at 99.75 cm, while IC-582972 displayed the shortest at 14.93 cm. Moreover, flowering time varied widely, with IC-582972 and IC-329201 being non-flowering genotypes. These variations in plant height and flowering time can have significant implications for crop management and breeding strategies. Assessment of genetic variability and genetic advancement underscored the substantial potential for improving traits such as economic yield and days to flowering through selective breeding efforts. Genetic coefficients of variation (GCV) and phenotypic coefficients of variation (PCV) were calculated, with "Economic yield" displaying the highest values, signifying significant inherent variability among genotypes for this trait.Phenotypic and genotypic correlation analyses unveiled intriguing relationships among traits, offering valuable insights for crop management and breeding strategies. There were strong positive correlations between days to 50% flowering and total weight, suggesting that genotypes taking more time to flower tend to produce greater total weight.Phenotypic and genotypic path analyses further elucidated the intricate interplay of traits, providing actionable insights for trait improvement through selective breeding. In the phenotypic path analysis, it was observed that total biomass fraction had a direct positive effect on days to 50% flowering and days to 80% maturity, suggesting that genotypes with higher biomass fractions tend to have later flowering and maturity.
Influence of Different Plant Growth Regulators and Boron on Growth, Yield and Sex Expression of Bottle Gourd (Lagenaria siceraria Mol.) under Garhwal Valley
Authors: Choudhary Mukesh , Rana D. K. , Rawat Abha
Published: November 2023

The present investigation was carried out at Horticultural Research Centre, Department of Horticulture, H. N. B. Garhwal University, Uttarakhand, India during summer season, 2018-19. The existing experiment was laid out in randomized block design following 13 treatments replicated thrice. The various growth parameters as well as yield attributes and yield were recorded during the experimentation. The result of the present investigation showed that GA3 @ 50 mg/kg was registered as the best treatment in terms of vine length (376.13 cm), fruits per vine (6.60), sex ratio (F:M) 1:11.07 and yield per vine (1357.33 g) and NAA @ 200 mg/kg+ Boron @ 0.1% with relation to the number of main branches per vine (10.87), length of fruit (24.57 cm), diameter of fruit (90.10 mm), yield per plot (10.29 kg/plot) and yield per hectare (457.33 q) in bottle gourd. However, GA3 @ 50 mg/kg+ Boron @ 0.1% number of node per vine (24.27), number of node bearing first flower GA3 50 @ mg/kg(4.20) and NAA @ 150 mg/kg(4.20), weight of fruit NAA @ 100 mg/kg+ Boron @ 0.1% (838.0 g) , total soluble solid GA3 @ 30 mg/kg(5.04 ºBrix) and NAA @ 200 mg/kg ascorbic acid (12.90 mg/100g). The cultivar (Pusa Naveen) gives better response with the application of GA3 @ 50 mg/kg for sex expression and NAA @ 200 mg/kg+ Boron @ 0.1% for various growth and yield parameters. It can be recommended to enhance the production of bottle gourd under Garhwal valley of Uttarakhand.
Enhancement of Growth and Physiological Parameters of Marigold (cv. 'Bidhan-2') through Hydrogels, Calcium Ammonium Nitrate (CAN), and Sodium Nitroprusside (SNP) during Hot Summer Conditions in Rayalaseema Region of Andhra Pradesh, India
Authors: Aditya Gandham , Bhaskar V. Vijaya , Lakshmi K. Swarajya , Prasad M. Siva , Padmaja V. V. , Kadiri Lalitha
Published: November 2023

Marigold (Tagetes erecta L.) is a popular ornamental flower known for its vibrant colors and pleasant fragrance. To enhance its growth and productivity, various agricultural inputs like hydrogels, calcium ammonium nitrate (CAN), and sodium nitroprusside (SNP) have been employed in this study. The present research investigates the impact of these treatments on growth analysis parameters such as Crop growth rate, Relative growth rate, Net assimilation rate and Specific leaf weight in marigold cv. 'Bidhan-2' over a two-year experimentation period (2019-2021) at College of Horticulture, Dr. Y.S.R Horticultural University, Anantharajupeta, Annamayya district of Andhra Pradesh. The experiment consisted of 12 treatments, laid out in factorial randomized block design with three replications under open field condition. Significant variations were observed among different treatments with respect to growth analysis parameters. The results highlight the positive influence of Pusa hydrogel on Crop Growth Rate (CGR) and the benefits of applying 50% nitrogen in the form of calcium ammonium nitrate (CAN) to stimulate Net Assimilation Rate (NAR). The complex interplay among moisturizing agents, the concentration of CAN and the timing of sodium nitroprusside (SNP) application, offering insights into the intricate mechanisms that influence Specific Leaf Weight (SLW).
Factors Influencing Choice of Place for Child Delivery among Child Bearing-Aged Women in Balambala Sub-County, Garissa County, Kenya
Authors: Mohamed Ibrahim Gedi , Odongo Alfred Owino , Mogere Dominic
Published: November 2023

Background: There has been little progress made in Sub-Saharan Africa in achieving Sustainable Development Goal of reducing maternal deaths. Maternal mortality can be reduced significantly by skilled delivery. Women in low-income countries choose home deliveries despite the risks. In Kenya, maternity services are offered free-of-charge in all public health facilities. Mothers receive non-cash incentives after delivery. Investigated independent variables were health care related factors, gynecological factors and socio-cultural factors. The dependent variable was the proportions of hospital and, home deliveries. Maternal mortality rate in Balambala was found to be 587/100,000 while the national and county averages were 223 and 530/100,000 respectively. The study investigated factors influencing choice of place of child delivery. 

Methods: Cross-sectional study was used and participants recruited through randomization. A sample size of 384 mothers, who had 1-year-old child, registered for ante-natal care services in latest pregnancy in Balambala were interviewed at the households. Quantitative data collected using structured questionnaires and analyzed using Statistical Package for Social Sciences version 25. P-value of .05 was set as statistical significance. Descriptive and inferential statistics were calculated, nature and magnitude of association between dependent and independent variables investigated.

Results: The independent variables recorded the following; p-value of 0.042 for socio-cultural factors, p-value of 0.039 for obstetric factors and p-value of 0.035 for health care related factors.

Conclusion: Proportions of home and hospital deliveries were 52% and 48% respectively. The independent variables were statistically significant, p-value<.05. The researcher recommends inclusion of literacy lessons into the present ANC profile. Husbands to accompany their pregnant wives to health facilities at least 2 of the 4 scheduled ANC visits.
Effect of Work Motivation on Job Performance among Healthcare Providers in Eradah and Mental Health Complex in Jeddah Region, Saudi Arabia
Authors: Altamimi Abdalrhman , Khodary Emad faroqu , Alawi Abdulrahman Thabet , Alawi Ahmed Thabet , Banjar Hatim , Alhindi Yaser Mohammad , Shabi Ismail Hadi
Published: November 2023

Aims: This study aimed to assess work motivation levels among healthcare providers in the Eradah Complex and evaluate healthcare providers’ job performance, considering various dimensions.

Study Design: A cross sectional study design.

Place and Duration of Study: The target population for this research comprises healthcare providers working within the Eradah Complex in Jeddah, Saudi Arabia, including a diverse range of professionals, such as doctors, nurses, administrative staff, and other healthcare personnel, who collectively contribute to providing healthcare services within the complex, between June 2023 and September 2023.

Methodology: A cross-sectional design with comprising healthcare providers working in Eradah Complex in Jeddah, with diverse range of professionals, such as doctors, nurses, and administrative staff, Data for this study were collected through the administration of a structured questionnaire and then the data for this study was collected from healthcare providers working within the Eradah Complex in Jeddah, Saudi Arabia. Data from the structured questionnaires had been distributed within two-week timeframe for the participants to complete the questionnaires. Data reliability and statistical analyses using appropriate tests was done using SPSS version 25.0 program.

Results: This study involved 212 participants from different age groups with a mean age of 37.6±1.3 years old, and predominant male gender (75%), educational level, and professional status with majority (29.7%) of nurses participated in this study, that there was a significant difference in Work Motivation according to Profession (F= 2.68, P-value = 0.011), but there was no significant difference in the other demographic characteristics (age, gender, marital status, education level, and experience year, and there was a significant difference in Job Performance according to age (F= 3.655, P-value = 0.028).

Conclusion: It was observed that there was a significant effect of work motivation on job performance, so the work motivational process may enhance the job performance among healthcare workers in some of Jeddah hospitals.
Highlights From IDWeek 2023—New Vaccines, Artificial Intelligence, and Antimicrobial Resistance
Authors: Malani Preeti
Published: November 2023

This Medical News article is an interview with infectious disease physician Heather Yun, MD, cochair of this year’s Infectious Diseases Week meeting in Boston.
External Validation and Updating of a Statistical Civilian-Based Suicide Risk Model in US Naval Primary Care
Authors: Ripperger Michael A. , Kolli Jhansi , Wilimitis Drew , Robinson Katelyn , Reale Carrie , Novak Laurie L. , Cunningham Craig A. , Kasuske Lalon M. , Grover Shawna G. , Ribeiro Jessica D. , Walsh Colin G.
Published: November 2023

Importance

Suicide remains an ongoing concern in the US military. Statistical models have not been broadly disseminated for US Navy service members.

Objective

To externally validate and update a statistical suicide risk model initially developed in a civilian setting with an emphasis on primary care.

Design, Setting, and Participants

This retrospective cohort study used data collected from 2007 through 2017 among active-duty US Navy service members. The external civilian model was applied to every visit at Naval Medical Center Portsmouth (NMCP), its NMCP Naval Branch Health Clinics (NBHCs), and TRICARE Prime Clinics (TPCs) that fall within the NMCP area. The model was retrained and recalibrated using visits to NBHCs and TPCs and updated using Department of Defense (DoD)–specific billing codes and demographic characteristics, including expanded race and ethnicity categories. Domain and temporal analyses were performed with bootstrap validation. Data analysis was performed from September 2020 to December 2022.

Exposure

Visit to US NMCP.

Main Outcomes and Measures

Recorded suicidal behavior on the day of or within 30 days of a visit. Performance was assessed using area under the receiver operating curve (AUROC), area under the precision recall curve (AUPRC), Brier score, and Spiegelhalter z-test statistic.

Results

Of the 260 583 service members, 6529 (2.5%) had a recorded suicidal behavior, 206 412 (79.2%) were male; 104 835 (40.2%) were aged 20 to 24 years; and 9458 (3.6%) were Asian, 56 715 (21.8%) were Black or African American, and 158 277 (60.7%) were White. Applying the civilian-trained model resulted in an AUROC of 0.77 (95% CI, 0.74-0.79) and an AUPRC of 0.004 (95% CI, 0.003-0.005) at NBHCs with poor calibration (Spiegelhalter P < .001). Retraining the algorithm improved AUROC to 0.92 (95% CI, 0.91-0.93) and AUPRC to 0.66 (95% CI, 0.63-0.68). Number needed to screen in the top risk tiers was 366 for the external model and 200 for the retrained model; the lower number indicates better performance. Domain validation showed AUROC of 0.90 (95% CI, 0.90-0.91) and AUPRC of 0.01 (95% CI, 0.01-0.01), and temporal validation showed AUROC of 0.75 (95% CI, 0.72-0.78) and AUPRC of 0.003 (95% CI, 0.003-0.005).

Conclusions and Relevance

In this cohort study of active-duty Navy service members, a civilian suicide attempt risk model was externally validated. Retraining and updating with DoD-specific variables improved performance. Domain and temporal validation results were similar to external validation, suggesting that implementing an external model in US Navy primary care clinics may bypass the need for costly internal development and expedite the automation of suicide prevention in these clinics.
Public Sector Learning Health Care Systems—Improving Patient Experience, Workforce Well-Being, and Recovery Outcomes
Authors: Blanco Carlos , Heinssen Robert K. , Tenhula Wendy N.
Published: November 2023

This Viewpoint discusses the need for integrating basic, clinical, and epidemiological science into behavioral health care delivery to develop more scalable and sustainable learning health care systems and improve population health and patient experience, reduce costs, and promote the well-being of the health care workforce.
Laser Epilation as an Adjunct to Standard Care in Reducing Pilonidal Disease Recurrence in Adolescents and Young Adults
Authors: Minneci Peter C. , Gil Lindsay A. , Cooper Jennifer N. , Asti Lindsey , Nishimura Leah , Lutz Carley M. , Deans Katherine J.
Published: November 2023

Importance

Recurrence continues to be a significant challenge in the treatment and management of pilonidal disease.

Objective

To compare the effectiveness of laser epilation (LE) as an adjunct to standard care vs standard care alone in preventing recurrence of pilonidal disease in adolescents and young adults.

Design, Setting, and Participants

This was a single-institution, randomized clinical trial with 1-year follow-up conducted from September 2017 to September 2022. Patients aged 11 to 21 years with pilonidal disease were recruited from a single tertiary children’s hospital.

Intervention

LE and standard care (improved hygiene and mechanical or chemical depilation) or standard care alone.

Main Outcomes and Measures

The primary outcome was the rate of recurrence of pilonidal disease at 1 year. Secondary outcomes assessed during the 1-year follow-up included disability days, health-related quality of life (HRQOL), health care satisfaction, disease-related attitudes and perceived stigma, and rates of procedures, surgical excisions, and postoperative complications.

Results

A total of 302 participants (median [IQR] age, 17 [15-18] years; 157 male [56.1%]) with pilonidal disease were enrolled; 151 participants were randomly assigned to each intervention group. One-year follow-up was available for 96 patients (63.6%) in the LE group and 134 (88.7%) in the standard care group. The proportion of patients who experienced a recurrence within 1 year was significantly lower in the LE treatment arm than in the standard care arm (−23.2%; 95% CI, −33.2 to −13.1; P < .001). Over 1 year, there were no differences between groups in either patient or caregiver disability days, or patient- or caregiver-reported HRQOL, health care satisfaction, or perceived stigma at any time point. The LE group had significantly higher Child Attitude Toward Illness Scores (CATIS) at 6 months (median [IQR], 3.8 [3.4-4.2] vs 3.6 [3.2-4.1]; P = .01). There were no differences between groups in disease-related health care utilization, disease-related procedures, or postoperative complications.

Conclusions and Relevance

LE as an adjunct to standard care significantly reduced 1-year recurrence rates of pilonidal disease compared with standard care alone. These results provide further evidence that LE is safe and well tolerated in patients with pilonidal disease. LE should be considered a standard treatment modality for patients with pilonidal disease and should be available as an initial treatment option or adjunct treatment modality for all eligible patients.

Trial Registration

ClinicalTrials.gov Identifier: NCT03276065
Comparison of visual and semi‐automated kilovoltage cone beam CT image QA analysis
Authors: Becerra‐Espinosa Nicholas , Claps Lindsey , Alaei Parham
Published: November 2023

Established kilovoltage cone‐beam computed tomography (kV‐CBCT) image quality assurance (QA) guidelines often rely on recommendations provided by the American Association of Physicists in Medicine (AAPM) task group (TG) reports with metrics that use visual analysis. This can result in measurement variations by different users, especially in visually subjective analyzes such as low contrast resolution. Consequently, there is a growing interest in more automated means of image QA analysis that can offer increased consistency, accuracy, and convenience. This work compares visual QA to semi‐automated software QA analysis to establish the performance and viability of a semi‐automated method.

In this study, a commercial product (RIT Radia. Radiological Imaging Technology, Colorado Springs, CO) was used to evaluate 68 months of kV‐CBCT images of a Catphan® 504 phantom obtained from a Varian TrueBeam® linear accelerator. Six key metrics were examined: high contrast resolution, low contrast resolution, Hounsfield unit constancy, uniformity and noise, and spatial linearity. The results of this method were then compared to those recorded visually using Bland‐Altman, and/or paired sample t‐test.

Comparison of all modules showed a non‐random, statistically significant difference between visual and semi‐automated methods except for LDPE and Teflon in the Hounsfield unit constancy analysis, which falls outside the paired sample t‐test's 5% significance level. A small high contrast resolution bias indicates the two analysis methods are largely equivalent, while a large low contrast resolution bias indicates greater semi‐automated target detection. Wide limits of agreement in the uniformity module suggests variability due to multiple visual observers. Spatial linearity results measured differences of less than 0.17%.

Semi‐automated QA analysis offered greater stability over visual analysis. Additionally, semi‐automated QA results satisfied or exceeded visual QA passing criteria and allowed for fast and consistent image quality analysis.
Development and Evaluation of a Nomogram for Predicting the Outcome of Immune Reconstitution Among HIV/AIDS Patients Receiving Antiretroviral Therapy in China
Authors: Wang Yi , Liu Shourong , Zhang Wenhui , Zheng Liping , Li Er , Zhu Mingli , Yan Dingyan , Shi Jinchuan , Bao Jianfeng , Yu Jianhua
Published: November 2023

This study aims to develop and evaluate a model to predict the immune reconstitution among HIV/AIDS patients after antiretroviral therapy (ART). A total of 502 HIV/AIDS patients are randomized to the training cohort and evaluation cohort. Least absolute shrinkage and selection operator (LASSO) regression and multivariate logistic regression analysis are performed to identify the indicators and establish the nomogram for predicting the immune reconstitution. Decision curve analysis (DCA) and clinical impact curve (CIC) are used to evaluate the clinical effectiveness of the nomogram. Predictive factors included white blood cells (WBC), baseline CD4+ T‐cell counts (baseline CD4), ratio of effector regulatory T cells to resting regulatory T cells (eTreg/rTreg) and low‐density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL‐C) and are incorporated into the nomogram. The area under the curve (AUC) is 0.812 (95% CI, 0.767∼0.851) and 0.794 (95%CI, 0.719∼0.857) in the training cohort and evaluation cohort, respectively. The calibration curve shows a high consistency between the predicted and actual observations. Moreover, DCA and CIC indicate that the nomogram has a superior net benefit in predicting poor immune reconstitution. A simple‐to‐use nomogram containing four routinely collected variables is developed and internally evaluated and can be used to predict the poor immune reconstitution in HIV/AIDS patients after ART.
Heat Treatment Conditions for High‐Performance High‐Pressure Die‐Cast Al–Si–Cu–Mg Alloy
Authors: Demirtaş Hüseyin , Karakulak Erdem , Babu Nadendla Hari
Published: November 2023

Random porosity in high‐pressure die castings of aluminum alloys poses additional challenges in the form of blistering during follow‐on heat treatment process. To avoid blisters, the current industrial practice is to lower solution temperature, but this compromises the strength. Herein, kinetics of eutectic Si spheroidization and coarsening during various solution treatment conditions and maximizing the dissolution of much needed Al2Cu and Al5Cu2Mg8Si6 phases, followed by formation of their precipitates in the aging stage with higher particle number densities, are studied and then higher tensile strength of 435 MPa in most commonly used high‐pressure die‐cast Al–Si–Cu–Mg alloy without causing blisters is demonstrated.
Recent Advances in W–Cu Composites: A Review on the Fabrication, Application, Property, Densification, and Strengthening Mechanism
Authors: Zhang Baoguang , Yang Kun , Huang Zhifu , Wang Jian
Published: November 2023

Tungsten–copper (W–Cu) composite is a pseudoalloy prepared by powder metallurgy method with tungsten and copper as the main components, which are widely used in electrical contacts, electrical discharge machining electrodes, electronic packaging, aerospace, and military fields due to its good conductivity, thermal conductivity, high melting point, high electrical breakdown strength, low contact resistance, high welding resistance, and high heat resistance. Herein, the recent advances of W–Cu composites are reviewed systematically. First, the preparative techniques of W–Cu composites are introduced in detail, and their advantages and disadvantages are evaluated objectively. Second, an introduction of the main application fields and corresponding characteristics advantages for W–Cu composites are provided. Subsequently, the densification techniques and strengthening mechanisms and their effects on microstructure, mechanical properties, and physical properties of W–Cu composites are mainly discussed. Finally, based on a comprehensive review of W–Cu composites, its future development trends and potential research challenges are summarized and prospected.
Triboelectricity Based Self‐Powered Digital Displacement Sensor for Aircraft Flight Actuation
Authors: Zhou Zhuyu , Xu Zijie , Cao Leo N.Y. , Sheng Hengrui , Li Chengyu , Shang Yurui , Tang Wei , Wang Zhong Lin
Published: November 2023

The utilization of unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs) is on the rise across various industries. In such a scenario, the issue of flight safety for these UAVs becomes increasingly paramount. Currently, UAVs exhibit shortcomings in flight attitude perception compared to more mature manned aircraft, especially concerning the position sensing of flight actuation, which poses significant safety risks. Mature position monitoring solutions for flight actuation used in manned aircraft cannot be directly integrated into systems of UAV due to compatibility issues. This necessitates the development of new position sensing technologies to address this challenge. Triboelectric nanogenerators, with their advantages of miniaturization, self‐powering capabilities, and the ability to generate voltage‐level electrical signals, are chosen to form a part of the position detection system for sensors in UAVs. In this study, a self‐powered displacement sensor is developed that utilizes frictional charge separation signals. This sensor is specifically designed to monitor the position status of the flight actuators in UAV. With a compact volume of <11.1 cm3 and a weight of <9.5 g, this sensor is lightweight efficient and adaptable for practical applications.
Thermal Rectification in Modularly Designed Bulk Metamaterials
Authors: He Hongying , Peng Weixiang , Le Ferrand Hortense
Published: November 2023

Thermal rectification is a phenomenon of great practical importance where heat transfer is preferential in one direction. Programmable control of heat transfer in 3D space is key to enable thermal rectification at the macroscale but is rarely realized in natural materials or in current existing devices that are constructed at the nano and microscales with high system complexity. Here, modularly designed bulk metamaterials that can break the symmetry of heat transfer from one direction to the other are created, leading to thermal rectification in convergent or divergent states by tuning the metamaterial microstructural design. These thermal metamaterials are microstructured composites made using one material composition, however, they offer sufficient microstructural design freedom to allow tunable local thermal properties for unusual macroscopic heat transfer. The strategy and performance achieved are promising for next‐generation thermal management.
Hydrothermal and Mechanosynthesis of Mixed‐Cation Double Perovskite Scintillators for Radiation Detection
Authors: O'Neill Joseph , Ghosh Joydip , Alghamdi Suad , Braddock Isabel , Crean Carol , Dorey Robert , Mulholland Roma , Richards Sion , Wilson Matthew , Salway Hayden , Anaya Miguel , Reiss Justin , Wolfe Douglas , Sellin Paul
Published: November 2023

This article details work performed on the synthesis and characterization of an inorganic mixed‐cation double halide perovskite, Cs2Ag.6Na.4In.85Bi.15Cl6 (CANIBIC). Single crystals have been created via a hydrothermal reaction, milled into a powder, and pressed into pellets, while nanocrystals have been directly synthesized via mechanosynthesis. A computational model is constructed to predict the X‐ray diffraction pattern of CANIBIC; this model aligns very well with the X‐ray diffraction pattern measured for CANIBIC crystal powder. This model can therefore be developed in the future as a tool to predict lattice parameters and crystal structures of other novel double‐halide perovskites. Photoluminescence spectra obtained from each format show broad emission centered at 630 nm, as is typical for self‐trapped exciton emission; self‐trapped exciton emission is also confirmed by investigating photoluminescence intensity as a function of laser power. Nanocomposites are produced via the loading of nanocrystals of CANIBIC into PMMA. Although nanocomposite disks consisting of a small proportion of CANIBIC nanocrystals in PMMA have a smaller mass attenuation coefficient than a pressed pellet of CANIBIC, these disks have comparatively bright radioluminescence due to their optical transparency. These nanocomposite disks are therefore a particularly useful format for the practical use of the CANIBIC scintillator.
Synthesis, physicochemical and thermal properties of urethane‐modified polyesteramide films using mahua and castor oil as sustainable resources
Authors: Ganvit Vikash M. , Patel Vidhi , Patel Mehul , Dharva Amit , Sharma Rakesh K.
Published: November 2023

In this work, a number of urethane‐modified polyesteramide (UmPEA) films were developed from mahua and castor oils, which are renewable resources. Mahua oil and diethanolamine were reacted to form mahua fattyamide, which was then reacted with itaconic acid to prepare polyesteramide. In order to make the UmPEA films, different proportions of polyesteramide and castor oil as polyols were reacted with isophoronediisocyanate. The UmPEA films showed excellent chemical resistance against water, acid, alkali, salt, and organic solvents and were found insoluble in common organic solvents. The thermal stability of the UmPEA films was investigated through TGA and DSC analyses, and their Tg values are between 69.1°C and 56.1°C for UmPEA films, which indicated that a higher content of CO enhances the Tg, and it was also found that the films were highly stable up to 230°C. The Ea values [224 kJ mol−1 (Tp1) and 226 kJ mol−1 (Tp2)] indicate that the castor oil enhances the thermal stability of the films due to better cross‐linking density occurring through the high hydroxyl groups of CO as the polyol which also showed better flame retardancy in the synthesized UmPEA films. Our findings demonstrate that the newly developed UmPEA films can be potent coating materials.
Dielectric properties of epoxy/graphite flakes composites: Influence of loading and surface treatment
Authors: Maletić Slavica , Jović Orsini Nataša , Milić Mirjana , Dojčilović Jablan , Montone Amelia
Published: November 2023

Epoxy‐rich carbon‐based composites are well recognized materials in industries owing to their good mechanical properties and thermal stability. Here, dielectric properties of composites based on bisphenol‐A‐epoxy resin loaded with 5, 6, 10, and 15 wt% of graphite flakes (GF) have been studied. The frequency and temperature dependence of the dielectric permittivity, dielectric loss, and ac conductivity have been examined in temperature (−103 to 97°C) and frequency (20 Hz–200 kHz) range. Influence of the filler surface chemistry have been studied for composites loaded with 5 wt% GF obtained: (i) under wet milling, without or with adding Triton‐100x as a surfactant, or (ii) under dry milling in the presence of KOH. The composite made of epoxy loaded with 5 wt% exfoliated expanded graphite flakes (EEG), was also prepared. The surface treatment with KOH notably increased dielectric constant of the composite, keeping low dielectric loss, while treatment with Triton‐100x significantly increased tanδ. The composite loaded with exfoliated expanded graphite shows higher ac conductivity than those obtained with flaky graphite, GF. Possibility to change dielectric properties of the composites without changing the loading content can be used as an approach in tailoring one with desired dielectric properties.
A blue carbon model for the European flat oyster (Ostrea edulis) and its application in environmental restoration
Authors: Lee Hannah Z. L. , Davies Ian M. , Baxter John M. , Diele Karen , Sanderson William G.
Published: November 2023

Historically, considerations of the carbon budget of bivalve shellfish have disproportionately focused on the cycling of carbon in shell alone, overlooking respiratory release and the potential role of bivalve shellfish habitats in the stabilization of sediment, and therefore of carbon.

Data on carbon cycling are key to providing essential evidence to inform evaluation of management strategies and the business case for restoration of European flat oyster (Ostrea edulis) habitats. The purpose of this study was to examine the flat oyster carbon budget at the scale of the individual and to set out a framework to enable future comparisons of carbon budgets between ecosystems.

Through the combination of previously established work with measurements of calcification and respiration both in situ and ex situ, a carbon budget at the scale of a single oyster was determined.

In consideration of the flat oyster carbon budget, the inclusion of the deposition of sedimentary carbon, as well as carbon stored in shell, balanced with the release of carbon through respiration and calcification suggests that these habitats are unlikely to be significant carbon sinks in the context of global climate change mitigation. However, the recovery of flat oyster beds is likely to facilitate the accretion of substantial carbon stocks that are nevertheless important in conservation management.
Retrospective analysis of neurological findings in esophageal atresia: Allostatic load of disease complexity, cumulative sedation, and anesthesia exposure
Authors: McMahon Maggie Jean , Evanovich Devon Michael , Pier Danielle Bennet , Kagan Mackenzie Shea , Wang Jue Teresa , Zendejas Benjamin , Jennings Russell William , Zurakowski David , Bajic Dusica
Published: November 2023

Background

There is limited knowledge regarding the impact of perioperative critical care on frequency of neurological imaging findings following esophageal atresia (EA) repair.

Methods

This is a retrospective study of infants (n = 70) following EA repair at a single institution (2009–2020). Sex, gestational age at birth, type of surgical repair, underlying disease severity, and frequency of neurologic imaging findings were obtained. We quantified the length of postoperative pain/sedation treatment and anesthesia exposure in the first year of life. Data were presented as numerical sums and percentages, while associations were measured using Spearman's Rho.

Results

Vertebral/spinal cord imaging was performed in all infants revealing abnormalities in 44% (31/70). Cranial/brain imaging findings were identified in 67% (22/33) of infants in the context of clinically indicated imaging (47%; 33/70). Long‐gap EA patients (n = 16) received 10 times longer postoperative pain/sedation treatment and twice the anesthesia exposure compared with short‐gap EA patients (n = 54). The frequency of neurologic imaging findings did not correlate with underlying disease severity scores, length of pain/sedation treatment, or cumulative anesthesia exposure. Lack of associations between clinical measures and imaging findings should be interpreted with caution given possible underestimation of cranial/brain findings.

Conclusions

We propose that all infants with EA undergo brain imaging in addition to routine spinal imaging given the high burden of abnormal brain/cranial findings in our cohort. Quantification of pain/sedation and anesthesia exposure in long‐gap EA patients could be used as indirect markers in future studies assessing the risk of neurological sequelae as evidenced by early abnormalities on brain imaging.
Predictive value of the systemic immune inflammation (SII) index for stroke‐associated pneumonia
Authors: Cui Zhanhang , Kuang Sai , Yang Xiaorong , Wang Ying , Gu Shanshan , Li Hongyu , Chen Huibin , Han Yanbing , Sun Haimei
Published: November 2023

Objective

To investigate the predictive value of the systemic immune inflammation (SII) index on the occurrence of stroke‐associated pneumonia (SAP) in patients with acute stroke.

Methods

Data of patients with or without a previous history of pulmonary who visited the First Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University within 24 h of the onset of stroke were collected between January 2017 and December 2019. Patient's demographic data, stroke type, past medical history, National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale score, Glasgow Coma score, and laboratory tests were collected. Logistic regression models and receiver‐operating characteristic (ROC) curves were used to investigate the predictive value of SII for the development of SAP in patients with stroke.

Results

We included 395 patients with acute stroke, with a mean age of 63.89 ± 13.42 years, of whom 340 (86.1%) had ischemic stroke, and 55 (13.9%) had hemorrhagic stroke. Out of 395, 113 (28.6%) had SAP and 282 (71.4%) did not, and the SII level in the SAP group was higher than that of the non‐SAP group (p < .05). Logistic regression analysis of patients with stroke showed that higher SII was a risk factor for SAP in patients with stroke (per 100 units, HR = 1.081, 95% CI: 1.035–1.130, p < .001), and tertile grouping of SII showed that the risk of SAP was 5.059 times higher in the SIIQ3 group than in the SIIQ1 group (95% CI: 2.061–12.418, p < .001). ROC curve analysis indicated that the SII index had predictive value for the occurrence of SAP in patients with stroke, with an area under the curve of 0.752 (95% CI: 0.698–0.806). When the cutoff value was 861.01, the SII predicted SAP in patients with stroke with a sensitivity of 61.9% and a specificity of 76.2%.

Conclusion

Higher SII is an independent risk factor for the development of SAP in patients with stroke and has some predictive value for the development of SAP.
Saving the environment with indigenous directors: Evidence from Africa
Authors: Tawiah Vincent , Matemane Reon , Oyewo Babajide , Lemma Tesfaye T.
Published: November 2023

We build on and extend the literature on corporate governance and sustainability by examining whether indigenous directors (IDs, hereinafter) shape corporate environmental performance (CEP, hereinafter). Drawing insights from image motivation, resource dependence, and critical mass theories, we develop models that link IDs with CEP. Analyzing 1,372 firm‐year observations extracted from firms listed on the Johannesburg Securities Exchange (JSE, hereinafter), for the period spanning from 2015 to 2021, we provide robust evidence that IDs are positively associated with a firm's environmental performance and the association is driven primarily by non‐executive and female IDs. In additional analyses, we demonstrate that a token appointment of IDs to a firm's board would not have an impact on CEP, while the appointment of a “critical mass” of IDs promotes CEP. We also find that a higher percentage of IDs on a firm's board increases corporate financial performance (CFP, hereinafter) and reinforces the positive impact of CEP on CFP. Our findings suggest that appointing a higher proportion of IDs to a firm's board promotes both the financial as well as the environmental performance of the firm. Thus, companies could exploit the virtues of especially non‐executive and female IDs to promote corporate environmental sustainability.