bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Enhancing Industrial Control Network Security Through Vulnerability Detection and Attack Graph Analysis
Authors: Liao Yan
Published: January 2024

Insufficient communication attack defense capabilities within industrial control networks is a serious problem that is addressed in this study. The author proposes a methodology that focuses on creating attack graphs to ease security and vulnerability studies in industrial control network systems in order to address this issue. The article provides thorough construction guidance and techniques for attack graphs, which are used for penetration testing and vulnerability analysis of networks for industrial control systems. On the created attack graph, experimental evaluations utilizing the ``earthquake net'' virus were carried out. The findings point to four main attack routes where the ``Zhenwang'' virus is most likely going to attack and cause the most damage. With a loss value of 12.2 and an attack success chance of 0.096, the first path involves cumulative attack stages. The second path consists of cumulative attack steps, with a loss value of 10.2 and an attack success probability of 0.072. The third path encompasses cumulative attack steps, with a loss value of 16.6 and an attack success probability of 0.063. The fourth path comprises cumulative attack steps, with a loss value of 18.6 and an attack success probability of 0.084.
An Emotional Analysis of Korean Topics based on Social Media Big Data Clustering
Authors: Jin Yanhong
Published: January 2024

An innovative approach is introduced in this paper to address the challenges in emotional topic interpretation and accuracy in emotional situation assessment. Utilizing large data from social media to improve the accuracy of emotional analysis in online debates, with a specific emphasis on Korean themes. The proposed solution, the Online Topic Emotion Recognition Model (OTSRM), builds upon the foundational Online Latent Dirichlet Allocation (OLDA) model. The OTSRM integrates the concept of emotion intensity and introduces an inventive emotion iteration framework to tackle these issues. Key innovations of the OTSRM include establishing an affective evolution channel by augmenting affective heritability using a β priori. Additionally, the model generates two critical distribution matrices: one for characteristic words and another for affective words, facilitating a deeper understanding of emotional context within topics. The relative entropy method is employed to discern emotional tones in textual content, calculating maximum emotion values for topic focus within adjacent time segments. Validation experiments using five diverse network event datasets and comparisons to mainstream models demonstrate the OTSRM's effectiveness with emotion recognition accuracy rates of 85.56% and 81.03%. The OTSRM represents significant progress in addressing challenges associated with emotional topic analysis and precise emotional dynamics assessment in Korean social media data.
English Distance Teaching Based on SPOC Classroom and Online Mixed Teaching Mode
Authors: Zhang Meijuan , Zhu Xiaoli
Published: January 2024

At present, the English Small Private Online Course (SPOC) online mixed teaching model has problems in evaluating students' learning and organizing teaching papers. For example, the evaluation is chaotic and unable to meet the key points of organizing the paper. Starting from the thinking chain that accepting learning outcomes can promote learning behavior, a score prediction method and test paper generation algorithm (TPGA) based on a learning evaluation diagnostic model are designed. Among them, the performance prediction algorithm is designed by combining multiple linear regression (MLR) and random forest (RF). The TPGA is based on students' learning status. The research results show that most of the predicted values output by the performance prediction model are not significantly different from the actual values. They are within a reasonable range. Meanwhile, under the influence of TPGA, the number of students in the experimental group is higher in the 70-80 and 80-90 segments, with 27 and 6, respectively. The experimental group has a higher average score rate on each type of question and knowledge point. Both models have high student satisfaction, indicating that the results oriented online mixed learning strategy designed in the study can effectively improve students' learning outcomes.
Ocular Disease Severity Identification and Performance Optimisation using Custom Net Model
Authors: Bhakar Suman , Vishnawat Parthi , Kundu Nidhi , Vijay Shankar Sharma
Published: January 2024

Early detection and timely cure of ocular disease play a vital role to avoid irreversible vision issues in daily life. The technique fundus assessment utilizes color fundus photography, which is a very effective tool though it is expensive. Since rare symptoms of the disease are detected at the initial stage of the disease, still automated and optimized models are in urgent need for the detection of the ocular disease. Additionally, existing systems focus on image-level detection for the treatment of eyes without association employing the left and right eye information. Although they concentrate only on one or two features of the ocular disease at a time. Taking into consideration severity detection and multilabel categorization plays a vital role in ocular disease detection. So, we develop a framework to detect the disease in the early phase. And then apply the classification model for the multilabel classification of the disease. our proposed experimental result proves that the proposed Custom net model provides 99.15% of accuracy compared to the existing baseline model such as Vgg16, 19, Resnet-50 and Inception V3. The performance optimization of the proposed model is evaluated on the public datasets.
Research on the Application of Intelligent Grading Method based on Improved ML Algorithm in Sustainable English Education
Authors: Huang Lei , Ma Li
Published: January 2024

The current intelligent grading methods in English education have issues of feedback lag and incompatibility with manual grading, and manual grading is easily influenced by subjective consciousness. Based on this, this research selects Adaboost algorithm in ML algorithm to realize intelligent grading. The experiment improves the Adaboost algorithm according to the actual needs, constructs the Adaboost/CT algorithm, and verifies its effectiveness. The experimental results show that in the English intelligent scoring module, the adjacency accuracy of the Adaboost/CT algorithm for high- and low-quality English is 95.33%; 95.45% in the middle score; 94% in the breakdown. The comparison between Adaboost/CT model and DFA method shows that the accuracy and proximity accuracy of Adaboost/CT are 79.66% and 94% respectively, which are much higher than 55% and 92% of DFA. In addition, compared with Adaboost, the accuracy of Adaboost/CT is also significantly better than Adaboost. In practical application, the use of Adaboost/CT in the evaluation of English compositions can not only get more accurate scores, but also find out the shortcomings of each student, so as to improve them pertinently. Meanwhile, the accuracy, recall, and F1 values of the Adaboost/CT algorithm are 96%, 95%, and 95%, respectively, which are higher than those of the comparison algorithm. Overall, the improved Adaboost/CT algorithm has shown high effectiveness and practicality, and has high applicability and effectiveness in practical intelligent grading.
Sensor Network Solutions for Aircraft Route Scheduling and Parking Allocation with Localization and Synchronization
Authors: Huang Chunxin , Yao Yan , Wei Lina
Published: January 2024

The Wireless Sensor Network (WSN) is the modernized version of the sensor networking, earlier the concerned networking system used to be wired. The wireless and modified features have been able to increase the efficiencies of the networking in routing scheduling of aircraft and allocating the parking. This new approach to the WSN system is not much different from the typical sensor networks framework that contains sensors, a communication system, and a controller. Instead of a communication system, a wireless protocol is applied within the sensor network. The smart system of parking has effectively implied due to its hugely innovative as well as in-ground sensors. This can monitor individual spaces of parking and able to relay the status of occupancy to the smart-sport gateways. Then, this can send the live status data to the platform of the smart cloud. This entire process enables the real-time parking data to be accessed and observed on multiple devices.
Vulnerability Detection in Cyber-Physical System Using Machine Learning
Authors: V Bharathi , C N S Vinoth Kumar
Published: January 2024

The cyber-physical system is a specific type of IoT communication environment that deals with communication through innovative healthcare (medical) devices. The traditional medical system has been partially replaced by this application, improving healthcare through efficiency, accessibility, and personalization. The intelligent healthcare industry utilizes wireless medical sensors to gather patient health information and send it to a distant server for diagnosis or treatment. The healthcare industry must increase electronic device accuracy, reliability, and productivity. Artificial intelligence (AI) has been applied in various industries, but cybersecurity for cyber-physical systems (CPS) is still a recent topic. This work presents a method for intelligent threat recognition based on machine learning (ML) that enables run-time risk assessment for better situational awareness in CPS security monitoring. Several machine learning techniques, including Nave Bayes (65.4\%), Support Vector Machine (64.1%), Decision Tree (89.6%), Random Forest (92.5%), and Ensemble crossover (EC) XG boost classifier (99.64), were used to classify the malicious activities on real-world testbeds. The outcomes demonstrate that the Ensemble crossover XG boost enabled the best classiﬁcation accuracy. When used in industrial reference applications, the model creates a safe environment where the patient is only made aware of risks when categorization optimism exceeds a specific limit, minimizing security managers' pressure and efficiently assisting their choices.
A world of fun discoveries
Authors: Dixon Lesley
Published: January 2024

Many midwives describe midwifery as a calling or a vocation. I never felt “called” to the role but, once I became a midwife 37 years ago, I never wanted to do anything else. Being a midwife has always provided a deeply satisfying and meaningful focus within my life. Similarly, the role of midwifery researcher has provided fulfilment as I explored the world of midwifery and the positive impact that midwives have on the women they care for. For me, research has indeed been a world of fun discoveries. Now, though, it is time for me to refocus my life as I retire from my work as Journal co-editor and midwifery advisor at the College and say, Hello to a new world, one which is free of schedules, time clocks and company rules and where there is time to discover other passions.
How Can History Support Translation Studies? A Case of the Polish Translators of Faust Between 1826 and 1938
Authors: Siwek Karolina
Published: January 2024

This paper aims to answer the question of who the translators of Faust into Polish between 1826 and 1938 were. The problem is analysed thanks to the application of two research methods. In addition to the translator biography taken from the sociology of translation, a method taken from history, called microhistory, can be used. The use of microhistory in the translator study is useful to identify general trends prevailing in the field of translation and situations common to translators working in the same time frame and geographical-historical space. In this way, it has been possible to establish  that the Faust translators working between 1826 and 1938 were predominantly males, well educated, affected by the political events of the time, and chose to translate Faust as a result of personal literary fascinations.
(Nie)zbędność zmian – serialowe adaptacje komiksów w perspektywie przekładu kulturowego (na przykładzie Sandmana i Wednesday)
Authors: Matuszko Kinga
Published: January 2024

A (NON-)NECESSITY OF CHANGE – SERIAL COMIC BOOK ADAPTATIONS FROM THE PERSPECTIVE OF CULTURAL TRANSLATION (USING SANDMAN AND WEDNESDAY AS EXAMPLES)The article analyses the changes made in adaptations of comic books compared to the original, using the examples of the Netflix TV shows: Sandman and Wednesday. These reflections have their origin in cultural translation and are related to issues important to contemporary (pop) culture, such as: character creation, representation of sexual and ethnic minorities, and the role and position of women in American society. The author examines the types of modifications introduced in intersemiotic and intralingual translations and indicates their possible sources (social need and/or pressure from external institutions).
Solving a Class of Cut-Generating Linear Programs via Machine Learning
Authors: Rajabalizadeh Atefeh , Davarnia Danial
Published: January 2024

Cut-generating linear programs (CGLPs) play a key role as a separation oracle to produce valid inequalities for the feasible region of mixed-integer programs. When incorporated inside branch-and-bound, the cutting planes obtained from CGLPs help to tighten relaxations and improve dual bounds. However, running the CGLPs at the nodes of the branch-and-bound tree is computationally cumbersome due to the large number of node candidates and the lack of a priori knowledge on which nodes admit useful cutting planes. As a result, CGLPs are often avoided at default settings of branch-and-cut algorithms despite their potential impact on improving dual bounds. In this paper, we propose a novel framework based on machine learning to approximate the optimal value of a CGLP class that determines whether a cutting plane can be generated at a node of the branch-and-bound tree. Translating the CGLP as an indicator function of the objective function vector, we show that it can be approximated through conventional data classification techniques. We provide a systematic procedure to efficiently generate training data sets for the corresponding classification problem based on the CGLP structure. We conduct computational experiments on benchmark instances using classification methods such as logistic regression. These results suggest that the approximate CGLP obtained from classification can improve the solution time compared with that of conventional cutting plane methods. Our proposed framework can be efficiently applied to a large number of nodes in the branch-and-bound tree to identify the best candidates for adding a cut.

History: Accepted by Andrea Lodi, Area Editor for Design & Analysis of Algorithms—Discrete.

Supplemental Material: The e-companion is available at https://doi.org/10.1287/ijoc.2022.0241 .
The Multi-Objective Polynomial Optimization
Authors: Nie Jiawang , Yang Zi
Published: January 2024

The multi-objective optimization is to optimize several objective functions over a common feasible set. Because the objectives usually do not share a common optimizer, people often consider (weakly) Pareto points. This paper studies multi-objective optimization problems that are given by polynomial functions. First, we study the geometry for (weakly) Pareto values and represent Pareto front as the boundary of a convex set. Linear scalarization problems (LSPs) and Chebyshev scalarization problems (CSPs) are typical approaches for getting (weakly) Pareto points. For LSPs, we show how to use tight relaxations to solve them and how to detect existence or nonexistence of proper weights. For CSPs, we show how to solve them by moment relaxations. Moreover, we show how to check whether a given point is a (weakly) Pareto point or not and how to detect existence or nonexistence of (weakly) Pareto points. We also study how to detect unboundedness of polynomial optimization, which is used to detect nonexistence of proper weights or (weakly) Pareto points.

Funding: J. Nie is partially supported by the National Science Foundation [Grant DMS-2110780].
The System Design Of Financial Literacy Strengthening And Taxation In Creative MSMEs Supports Sustainable Competitiveness
Authors: Pahlevi Reza Widhar , Safitri Adelia Rizky
Published: January 2024

Purpose-In order to determine whether the environment in the organization encourages Creative MSMEs to increase competitiveness through their level of financial and tax understanding, as well as encouraging organizations, this study aims to identify factors that affect the competitiveness of Creative MSMEs when viewed from that perspective. to establish a mechanism for enhancing taxation and financial literacy to boost long-term competitiveness that is then applied to Creative MSMEs.
Design/Methodology/Approach-Participants in this study were from  Special Region of Yogyakarta and Central Java's Creative MSMEs. To obtain its data, this study used convenient, intentional, and snowball sampling procedures, 15 MSMEs managers from various districts and the cities of Yogyakarta and Central Java served as informants for this study. Combining these techniques makes it simpler to select respondents and collect data from them who have been successfully operating Creative MSMEs for more than five years. After finding the responders, the snowball sampling technique was applied.
Findings-The results show that having financial knowledge may be a great asset for MSME enterprises. The digital age expands market chains and boosts the creation of MSMEs, however owing to a lack of understanding of tax legislation, not all taxpayers, including MSMEs, can comprehend the necessary tax reporting implementation rules and processes. Additionally, MSMEs seem to be growing as a result of strategic initiatives to raise the human resource quality and growth of small and medium microentrepreneurs in Central Java and DI Yogyakarta.
Research limitations/Implications-The limitations of a study are its flaws or shortcomings. Study limitations can exist due to constraints on research design, methodology, materials, etc., and these factors may impact the findings of your study.
Originality/Value-This is your opportunity to provide readers with an analysis of the value of your results. It’s a good idea to ask colleagues whether your analysis is balanced and fair and again, it’s important not to exaggerate.
The Influence of Brand Image, Service Quality, And Customer Satisfaction On Repurchase Intention
Authors: Harmawati Elsa Surtina , Dewanti Ratna Listiana
Published: January 2024

Purpose- This study aims to analyze the effect of brand image, service quality, and customer satisfaction on repurchase intention (a survey of consumers at McDonald's Sultan Agung Yogyakarta).
Design/Methodology/Approach- This study used a quantitative approach using a questionnaire as a data collection technique, and a sample of 151 McDonald's Sultan Agung consumers was obtained. The sampling technique used is the purposive sampique, with the instrument measuring scale using a Likert scale. Hypothesis testing was carried out using multiple linear regression analysis using the SPSS version 25 analysis tool.
Findings- The results of this study indicate that: 1). The brand image variable has proven to affect repurchase intention at McDonald's Sultan Agung positively. 2). Service quality variable is proven to positively affect repurchase intention at McDonald's Sultan Agung. 3). The customer satisfaction variable is proven to positively influence repurchase intention at McDonald's Sultan Agung.
Research limitations/implications- Research findings are expected to be a reference and learning for producers of goods or services that to grow or retain consumers to be interested in making repeat purchases, there are many factors that influence it. This research reveals that brand image, service quality, and customer satisfaction influence consumers to be interested in making repeat purchases.
Originality/value- Studies on consumer behavior in the food and beverage business are quite limited, and there are minimal studies that use fast food restaurants as research subjects to measure the level of consumer repurchase interest. The study reveals factors that are thought to influence the level of consumer repurchase interest in a fast food restaurant.
Malignant Transformation in Oral Lichen Planus and Lichenoid Reactions in Southern Thai Population
Authors:   Department of Oral Diagnostic Sciences, Faculty of Dentistry, Prince of Songkla University, Thailand., Saepoo Jirayu , Kerdpon Duangporn ,   Department of Oral Diagnostic Sciences, Faculty of Dentistry, Prince of Songkla University, Thailand., Pangsomboon Kanokporn ,   Department of Oral Diagnostic Sciences, Faculty of Dentistry, Prince of Songkla University, Thailand.
Published: January 2024

Objectives: This study aimed to determine the prevalence of malignant transformation (MT) and the incidence rate of oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) in oral lichen planus (OLP) and oral lichenoid reaction (OLR) patients from southern Thailand. Methods: This hospital-based retrospective cohort study comprised OLP/OLR patients who were treated between January 2016 and December 2022. Data on the general characteristics, clinical manifestations and laboratory investigations were obtained from the hospital records and analyzed. Descriptive and analytical statistics were performed to assess the demographic data, clinical profiles of the patients and the prevalence and incidence rate of MT. Results: A total of 117 patients were included in the study; 103 (88%) were diagnosed with OLP, and 14 (12%) were diagnosed with OLR. The median follow-up time was 15.6 months (interquartile range; 6.1-46.0). The overall prevalence of MT in OLP/OLR was 1.71% (2/117 patients); specifically, MT in OLP was 1.94% (2/103 patients). The overall annual incidence rate of MT into OSCC was 0.0060 (95% confidence interval, 0.0015-0.0240). Conclusions: These findings suggest that OLP is a potentially malignant disorder with an MT incidence of 1.94% in the southern Thai population. OLP patients must be regularly followed-up and advised about the risk of MT.
Comparison of the Upper Pharyngeal Airway in Thai Children With or Without Unilateral Cleft Lip and Palate in the Supine Position
Authors:   Postgraduate Student in Residency Training Program of Department of Orthodontics and Pediatric Dentistry, Faculty of Dentistry, Chiang Mai University, Thailand, Wiwattanadittakul Prang , Chaiworawitkul Marasri ,   Department of Orthodontics and Pediatric Dentistry, Faculty of Dentistry, Chiang Mai University, Thailand, Sonsuwan Nuntigar ,   Department of Otolaryngology, Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Thailand, Prapayasatok Sangsom ,   Department of Oral Biology and Diagnostic Sciences, Faculty of Dentistry, Chiang Mai University, Thailand
Published: January 2024

Objectives: This study aimed to evaluate differences in the upper pharyngeal airway morphology between Thai children with repaired unilateral cleft lip and palate (UCLP) and Thai non-cleft children. Methods: This prospective study used cone beam computed tomography (CBCT) and polysomnography (PSG) studies. The subjects were 34 children with UCLP (21 males and 13 females; mean age 8.94±1.87); and 32 non-cleft children (20 males and 12 females; mean age 10.03±1.91). The Dolphin imaging software measured the volume and the most constricted cross-sectional airway (version 11.7 premium). Results: An independent sample t-test showed that the differences between groups were significant. The means of oropharyngeal (p=0.003), hypopharyngeal (p=0.020), and total volume (p=0.013) in UCLP children were lower than those in non-cleft children. Furthermore, the most constricted axial area of the oropharyngeal airway in UCLP children was narrower than that in non-cleft children (p=0.004). Conclusions: The volume and most constricted axial area of the upper pharyngeal airway in Thai UCLP children were significantly smaller than those in Thai non-cleft children
Medicinal value of Phytoestrogens in Trigonella foenum-graecum L (Fenugreek) - Review
Authors: Bhat Kumar MR , Nagamma Takkella , Konuri Anjaneyulu
Published: January 2024

Trigonella foenum-graecum known as fenugreek, is a widely used spice and an abundant source of phytoestrogens. Fenugreek has a wide range of pharmacological effects, such as hypoglycemic, hypolipidemic, obesity, antioxidant activity, osteoporosis, anti-inflammatory, and antirheumatic effects. Phytoestrogens are one of the constituents of fenugreek. These are nonsteroidal compounds that resemble the structure of 17β -estradiol and can bind to the ERα and ERβ estrogen receptors. It acts as an estrogen receptor modulator, producing antiestrogenic and/or estrogenic effects. The protective effect was also apparent in the cellular architecture of the kidney, liver, and common carotid artery. Several beneficial effects are ascribed to the phytoestrogens present in fenugreek. In the present review, we focused on the medicinal values of phytoestrogens in fenugreek
Level of Acceptance of COVID-19 Vaccine and Attributes Influencing Vaccination - A Study among the Multi-national Population in the UAE
Authors: Muttappallymyalil Jayakumary , Changerath Ramadas , Kalavathy Ramasamy , Bodi4 Govinda Sai Charan , Seetharam Rudhra , Sharbatti Shatha Al , Almualla Shaikha Mahra Sultan Abdulla Majid , Jeelani Syyeda Maleha , Shire Fatima Mohamed , Ali Nargis Aziz , Abdulaziz Fawaghi Abdulla Sultan Almualla , Gopakumar Aji , Shetty Preetha Jayasheela , Sreedharan Jayadevan
Published: January 2024

Objectives: Accepting a new vaccine is influenced by several variables. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the factors influencing the use and non-use of the COVID-19 vaccine as well as the participants' perceptions of the COVID-19 vaccine. Additionally, the study enabled us to ascertain the degree of acceptance of the COVID-19 vaccine by the study population. Materials and Methods: This was cross-sectional research and UAE's general populace was surveyed for the study. A multi-national population of 671 people took part in the study and the information was gathered through a self-administered questionnaire. For categorical variables, the findings were expressed as frequencies and percentages; and for numerical variables, they were expressed as mean/median and standard deviation. To ascertain the relationship between independent and dependent variables, the Chi-square test was performed. Results: Of the total participants in this trial, 627 (96.6%) received vaccinations; 160 (25.5%) experienced mild side effects, and 29 (18.1%) had severe side effects. Participants who were unwilling to receive the vaccination cited "No trust in the vaccine" as their main justification. Other explanations included allergies, pregnancy, vaccination side effects, and a lack of interest. The statistically significant associations observed with vaccination were, concern about the vaccine's side effects, precautions to ward off the virus, the belief that vaccination cannot prevent COVID-19, having had COVID-19, lack of confidence in the vaccine, and the belief that natural exposure to corona gives the safest protection. Among those who have received vaccinations, the majority disapproved or strongly disagreed with all the assertions made regarding the attitude. Among the people who aren't/weren’t immunized, many agreed or strongly agreed with the assertions. More than 68% of people, regardless of vaccination status, agreed with the "pandemic impact on work" and "pandemic impact on income"; 59% of those who are vaccinated and 69% of those who do not, agreed with this statement. Conclusion: The observed immunization rate was 96.6%. The main deterrent to vaccination was a lack of trust in the vaccine. Other explanations included allergies, pregnancy, vaccination’s side effects, and a lack of interest
Cognition and Psychomotor Performance in Premenstrual Syndrome with Negative Emotions
Authors: K Prabhavathi , P KalyaniPraba , Rajendra Bhavsar Nikhil , Saravanan Ayyavoo
Published: January 2024

Background: Women with premenstrual syndrome are known to experience high negative emotions which is known to drastically affect cognition and psychomotor performance thereby impairing their executive function. Objective: To assess the relationship between cognition and psychomotor skill with self-reported symptoms of negative emotions like depression, anxiety and stress in women with different grades of premenstrual syndrome. Methodology: Study was conducted among 100 female nursing students in the age group 18 -20 years. Data collection tool included a questionnaire of demographic and menstruation characteristics, Menstrual Distress Questionnaire (MDQ), and Depression, Anxiety, and Stress Scale Questionnaire (DASS). Cognition and psychomotor performance were assessed based on reaction time (both visual & auditory) using PC1000Hz Reaction timer. The study received ethical approval from the Institutional Ethical Committee. Every participant gave their informed written consent before participating in the study. Results: Among the 100 female students, 50 each belonged to mild and moderate PMS category. Independent t test revealed a significantly high DASS scores and reaction time scores (both visual & auditory) in mild when compared to moderate PMS category. A favourable association between the severity of PMS and depression, anxiety and stress scores (DASS), and reaction time (RT) scores was discovered using the Pearson correlation test, with p significant at 0.01. Additionally, there was a substantial positive association between DASS scores and RT duration. This suggests that, as there is an increase in the severity of PMS, there was an increase in the negative emotional states scores and increase in the RT duration (both visual and auditory) thereby proving a decline in cognition and psychomotor execution. Conclusion: The results demonstrated that, woman with PMS had high negative emotion effects leading to decline in cognition and psychomotor execution which is a need of the hour to look into their lifestyle modification and treatment modality so as enhance the executive performance.
Empagliflozin: Potential Protective Effects on Hepatocytes and Liver Outcomes in Streptozotocin -Diabetic Rats.
Authors: Khwaldeh Alia , Al-Sawalha Nour , Aljabali Shefa' , Shraideh Ziad , Ababneh Sokiyna , Bdeir Roba
Published: January 2024

The current study investigated the potential positive impact of EMPA, an antidiabetic medication, on hepatocytes and liver outcomes in STZ-induced diabetic rats. Male Wistar rats were randomly assigned into four groups: control, DM (received 40mg/kg streptozotocin IP injection), DM+EMPA (received 40mg/kg streptozotocin and 10 mg/kg EMPA), and EMPA (received 10 mg/kg EMPA). Here, liver functional tests were assessed spectrophotometrically, while histological analysis of liver tissues was evaluated using light microscopy. Treated diabetic rats significantly reduced AST levels compared to treated control rats (p < 0.05). DM rats, with or without EMPA treatment, showed significantly elevated ALT levels compared to control rats (p < 0.005). Also, LDH levels were found to be lower in both treated and untreated diabetic rats compared to control rats (p < 0.0001; p < 0.05, respectively), while ALP levels were higher in both groups of diabetic rats relative to control rats (p < 0.0001; p < 0.005). Interestingly, the data showed clear trends indicating that empagliflozin-treated diabetic rats had improved liver parameters compared to untreated diabetic rats, although statistically significant differences were not observed. Remarkably, histological examination showed significant sinusoidal dilation and infiltration of inflammatory cells in hepatocytes in diabetic rats, whereas treated diabetic rats exhibited a normal hepatocyte arrangement with minor sinusoidal dilation. Altogether, the observed results suggest that EMPA may possess a protective effect on hepatocytes, thereby highlighting its potential as a therapeutic intervention for diabetes-related liver complications.
Effect of Talatisamine and its Derivate 14-O-Benzoyltalatisamine on Functional State of Rat Liver and Heart Mitochondria
Authors: Muratova Dilnoza Kh. , Ergashev Nurali A. , Asrarov Muzaffar I.
Published: January 2024

Dysfunction of the mitochondria of various tissues causes the development of most pathological processes, including ischemia. In recent years, great attention has been paid to the use of plant biologically active substances in the prevention and treatment of pathological processes related to mitochondrial dysfunction. This is very relevant in relation to ischemic diseases and is of scientific and practical importance in the search for new pharmacological agents that correct the functions of damaged mitochondria for their treatment. The mitochondrial permeability transition pore (mPTP) actively participates in the regulation of mitochondrial functions, in the development of various pathological conditions and, at the same time, targets for various drugs and some biologically active substances. In vitro experiments evaluated the effects of alkaloids talatisamine and 14-O-benzoyltalatisamine on rat liver and heart Ca2+-dependent mPTP and lipid peroxidation (LPO) induced by Fe2+/ascorbate system. The investigated diterpenealkaloids inhibited the opening of the Ca2+-dependent mPTP in the membranes of rat liver and heart mitochondria. It was found that 14-O-benzoyltalatizamine inhibits the Ca2+-dependent conductance pore of rat liver and heart mitochondria more strongly than talatisamine. To compare the effects of 14-O-benzoyltalatisamine on rat liver and heart mPTP, concentrations from 1 μM to 200 μM were investigated. At these concentrations, liver mPTP was reliably inhibited by 10% to 81% and heart mPTP by 3.6% to 71.5% relative to control. The high sensitivity of diterpene alkaloids to the Ca2+-dependent permeability transition pore of liver mitochondria compared to heart mitochondria indicates their tissue specificity. The investigated alkaloids exhibited antioxidant properties by inhibiting Fe2+/ascorbate-induced mitochondrial suppression (LPO process) and MDA formation in membranes. LPO induced by Fe2+/ascorbate system in mitochondrial membranes was more actively inhibited by 14-O-benzoyltalatisamine. According to the results of the research, acylation of the hydroxyl group at the C-14 position of talatisamine by benzoyl chloride caused a rise in molecular activity of the derivative due to the introduction of the benzoyl group.
Impact of Angiotensin Receptor Blockers on Angiotensin III and Leptin in Rabbits
Authors: Al-Khalaf Ishaq Saad , Altaei* Taghreed , Alani Raad
Published: January 2024

Angiotensin III (Ang III) properties include chemotaxis, creation development factors, and chemokines, which are also involved in renal and cardiovascular functions. Angiotensin receptor blockers (ARBs) are commonly used to treat cardiovascular illnesses. One factor that contributes to controlling blood pressure and resting metabolic rate is the protein Leptin (LEP). This study aimed to analyze ARB's (Losartan, Telmisartan, or Candesartan) effects on the levels of Ang III and LEP in rabbits. The characterization of the relationship between the two factors will be studied. The study was conducted on forty Oryctolagus cuniculus male rabbits. They were divided into four groups, randomly. Treated daily for ten days with intraperitoneal Losartan 0.7 mg/kg/day [G I], Telmisartan 0.6 mg/kg/day [G II], Candesartan 0.1 mg/kg/day [G III], and Control [G IV]. Pre- and post-treatment levels of Ang III and LEP, the changes in their histopathological characteristics, and coefficient correlations were analyzed. The three groups exhibited a drastic decrease in serum Ang III and LEP levels compared to the baseline and control. The effects of Losartan, Telmisartan, and Candesartan on the end organs of the liver, kidney, and heart, did not show any alterations. There was a weak positive correlation between the two factors. In conclusion; Losartan, Telmisartan, and Candesartan significantly decreased the activity of the RAS via their effect on Ang III and LEP levels as another mechanism for their efficacy in treating cardiovascular illnesses.
AVALIAÇÃO DO PROGRAMA MAIS MÉDICOS DA PERSPECTIVA DOS USUÁRIOS
Authors: Souza Gleriano Josué , Conceição Martins Lourdes , Krein Carlise , Dias Pedreschi Chaves Lucieli
Published: January 2024

Introdução: o Programa Mais Médicos (PMM) contribuiu para ampliar a cobertura da Atenção Primária à Saúde (APS). Objetivo: avaliar segundo a experiência de usuários o PMM. Método: pesquisa avaliativa de método misto concomitante realizada em Tangará da Serra – Mato Grosso, com usuários cadastrados na área de abrangência de unidades de saúde da família que tinham na sua equipe médicos do PMM, durante o período de 2016 a 2018. Para os dados quantitativos, a análise descritiva foi gerada por meio do software IBM SPSS®, versão 21. Para a análise temática dos dados qualitativos, utilizou-se o software Qualitative Solutions Research NVivo® 10 que oportunizou apresentação em duas categorias: “PMM: da desconfiança ao reconhecimento por meio da prática médica” e “Prática acolhedora ao usuário e o vínculo: via de mão dupla”. A mixagem dos dados explorou a completude das informações levantadas. Resultados: participaram 1036 usuários, em maior frequência a favor do Programa, que relataram superação quanto à comunicação do idioma e reconhecimento na melhoria do acesso à consulta médica com a diminuição do tempo de espera. Existe satisfação com a prática do profissional, desperta contribuições mútuas entre os usuários e o profissional, ampliando possibilidades de corresponsabilidade com a saúde no território. Conclusão: Revelam-se subsídios do PMM no município, que projetou a ampliação da cobertura com reconhecimento de seus usuários, maior possibilidade de efetivar atributos da APS e fomentar a organização de uma rede de atenção, ao mesmo tempo o desafio da sustentabilidade dessa proposta pela dependência de cooperação do Programa.
The use of topical anaesthetic in the banding of internal haemorrhoids: a feasibility study for a randomised control trial
Authors: Sharma V , Sharma D , Stearns A , Hernon J
Published: January 2024

Introduction

Rubber band ligation (RBL) is a procedure commonly performed in colorectal clinics for internal haemorrhoids. Overall, 90% of patients experience pain following RBL. We aimed to complete a feasibility randomised control trial assessing the role of topical anaesthetic before RBL of internal haemorrhoids.

Methods

We performed a prospective, single-centre, single blinded, randomised (1:1) control feasibility trial. Patients presenting with symptomatic haemorrhoids suitable for banding were randomised to undergo the procedure with local anaesthetic or without (control). Pain scores and vasovagal symptoms were assessed at 0 minutes, 30 minutes, 4 hours and 72 hours after the procedure. Primary outcome measures were recruitment rate, participant retention rate and patient and surgeon acceptability. Secondary outcome measures were pain scores up to 72 hours, vasovagal episodes, new use of analgesia and adverse outcomes.

Results

In total, 35 patients (18 topical anaesthetic, group A; 17 no anaesthetic gel, group B) were recruited. Mean recruitment rate was 11.7 participants per month. Thirty-three (94%) participants remained in the study until completion, with two patients lost to telephone follow-up. The treatment was acceptable for 35 (97%) eligible patients. One patient declined enrolment. The treatment was acceptable to all surgeons (100%). There was a significant difference in median pain scores of −2 (95% CI −4.0 to −1.0, p=0.0006) at the 30-minute time point only. There was no significant difference in vasovagal symptoms (p=0.10) or new analgesia use (p=0.85).

Conclusion

We have shown that a phase III clinical trial is feasible for assessing the role of topical anaesthetic before RBL of internal haemorrhoids. We have demonstrated excellent patient recruitment and retention as well as patient and surgeon acceptability.
Efficacy of Transforaminal Steroid Block for Pain Relief Due to Recurrent Lumbar Disc Herniation in Previously Operated Case of Lumbar Discectomy
Authors:   Department of Orthopaedics, Dr. Vikhe Patil Medical College, Ahmednagar, Maharashtra, India., Chaughule Chandrasen , Bhalerao Nitin ,   Department of Orthopaedics, Dr. Vikhe Patil Medical College, Ahmednagar, Maharashtra, India., Karangutkar Anjaney ,   Department of Orthopaedics, Dr. Vikhe Patil Medical College, Ahmednagar, Maharashtra, India., Date Jay , Tanpure Sanket ,   Department of Orthopaedics, Dr. Vikhe Patil Medical College, Ahmednagar, Maharashtra, India., Tiwari Srishti ,   Department of Anaesthesia, Dr. Vikhe Patil Medical College, Ahmednagar, Maharashtra, India.
Published: January 2024

Background: lower Back discomfort as a result of a herniated disc is quite prevalent worldwide, frequently resulting in missed work days and significant changes in affect and motivation. Recurrent lumbar disc herniation is one of the most common problem faced after a lumbar discectomy, most frequently seen among male gender, tall-heighted individuals, heavy workers, obese and smokers. Analgesic and anti-inflammatory medication is the initial course of treatment. But in the majority of instances, it progresses slowly and calls for surgical intervention or minimally invasive treatments like steroid injections. Aims and Objectives: The purpose of this study is to determine whether transforaminal steroid block can be attempted before surgery for pain relief in cases of recurrent herniated lumbar disc with failed conservative management having intractable radicular pain. Materials & Methods: Use of transforaminal selective nerve root block (SNRB) in single level recurrent lumbar disc herniation patients was studied. 40 patients with single lumbar disc herniation, operated with discectomy were studied irrespective of age and sex. All patients were injected with a combination of long acting steroid suspension with local anaesthetic (Bupivacaine-plain) near the affected nerve root via cambins triangle approach and the results were analysed. Result: Those graded mild, were pain free for up to an average of 5.5 months and those graded moderate had 3.3 months of relief. Patients suffering from extensive disc prolapse had immediate post procedural relief but not in long term. 47.5% patients have had a pain free interval upto 6 months. Conclusion: Transforaminal SNRB is an excellent alternative for pain relief in patients with recurrent lumbar disc herniation having failed conservative management with intractable lumbar radicular pain. It was also found to be a cost effective alternative and relatively less invasive, with almost no complication. Keywords: Selective nerve root block, Disc prolapse, Recurrent lumbar disc herniation.
Growth performance and survival rate of vannamei shrimp (Litopenaeus vannamei) post-larva stages in a super intensive cultivation system with varied densities
Authors: Aprilia Tulas , Agustama Yoka , Rakhmawati Rakhmawati , Marlina Eulis
Published: January 2024

Vannamei shrimp (Litopenaeus vannamei) holds significant economic importance in Shrimponesia as a prominent shrimp commodity. The post-larval stage often encounters challenges, primarily due to the shrimp's limited ability to adapt and survive in a new environment. Stocking density is a crucial factor influencing the growth and production performance of vannamei shrimp culture. This study aims to assess the optimal stocking density for achieving optimal growth and survival in L. vannamei. A 40-day maintenance trial was conducted at UD Mina Rahayu Kalianda to investigate the impact of different stocking densities on water quality in the maintenance media. The study utilized containers with varying stocking densities: treatment A (1 shrimp/L), treatment B (1.5 shrimp/L), and treatment C (2 shrimp/L), each with three replications. The findings revealed survival rates (SR) of 83.33% for treatment A, 62.78% for treatment B, and 58.33% for treatment C. Mean Body Weight (MBW) values were recorded as 1.2592 g/shrimp for treatment A, 1.1216 g/shrimp for treatment B, and 0.7728 g/shrimp for treatment C. Average Daily Growth (ADG) results showed 0.0313 g/shrimp for treatment A, 0.0279 g/shrimp for treatment B, and 0.0192 g/shrimp for treatment C. Based on the study, the recommended stocking density for white vannamei shrimp is 40 shrimp/L, demonstrating improved growth and survival rates for this species.
Study of water quality for post-mining extermination, Banjarbaru City
Authors: Sofarini Dini , Agustian Reza , Yunandar Yunandar , Hidayah Rina Nur
Published: January 2024

Banjarbaru City is one of the regencies/cities in South Kalimantan Province which continues to develop in various sectors, one of which is mining. Among the mining areas that left traces of voids in Banjarbaru include the Lake Seran quarry which was once a sand mining site, as well as the Pumpung quarry which was a diamond mining location. Remains of former mining excavations that are left for a long time will be filled with water which accumulates various substances remaining at the excavation site, especially heavy metals which in general are important parameters and affect water quality. This study aims to examine the quality of ex-mine water in Banjarbaru by focusing on analysis through the Pollution Index (IP) of heavy metal parameters in the waters of the research location. The results obtained are that the ex-mine pits in Lake Seran and Pumpung, Banjarbaru City, have quite good water quality, where most of them are at class 2 quality standards. However, further management is needed to improve water quality at some points that are still not meets class 2 quality standards so that it is included in the category of lightly polluted.Keywords:MiningHeavy MetalsWater QualityPollution Index
Manipulation of the aquatic physical environment and its relationship with ectoparasitic infection in dumbo catfish (Clarias sp)
Authors: Suratno Suratno , Suryono Suryono , Naswir Muhammad
Published: January 2024

Fish disease is an obstacle in the cultivation of Dumbo catfish (Clarias sp.) which can result in fish death. The need for information on how to prevent and treat fish diseases is very necessary. This study aims to determine the effect of aeration duration on water quality, ectoparasite intensity, prevalence, dominance, survival and condition factors, then correlate water quality with ectoparasite intensity. This study used a Complete Randomized Design (CRD) with five treatments and four replications. Treatment includes aeration 0 hours/day, 6 hours/day, 12 hours/day, 18 hours/day and 24 hours/day. Data analysis using ANOVA of a certain level of significance. If there is a noticeable difference from each treatment, proceed to the DUNCAN test. Test the correlation of water quality with ectoparasite intensity. The result of this study is that long aeration can increase oxygen solubility, acidity but reduce ammonia and nitrite. The correlation value of oxygen solubility in ectoparasite intensity is 0.828, acidity (pH) is 0.849, ammonia is -0.888, nitrite is -0.592. The prevalence value of P0 and P1 is 0%, P2 is 89%, P3 and P4 is 100%. The intensity of ectoparasites in Dumbo catfish (Clarias sp.), at P0 is 2, P1 is 13, P2 is 75, while at P3 and P4 is 100. The dominance of ectoparasites that infect is Trichodina  sp. by 71.7-100% and Dactylogyrus sp. by 0-28.4%. The survival rate of fish at P0 was highest with a value of 89%, P1 at 84%, P2 at 71%, P3 and P4 rates at 0%. The value of the condition factor then P0 and P1 have a value of 1, P2, P3 and P4 have a condition factor value of 1. It is concluded that the longer aeration is given, the solubility of oxygen increases which results in an increase in the intensity and prevalence of ectoparasite infections, the pH of the water becomes neutral and decreases the content of ammonia and nitrite. There is a moderate to very strong correlation between water quality and ectoparasite intensity. There is an increase in the prevalence of infection, ectoparasite intensity and fish mortality so that it can reduce the survival and condition factors of Dumbo catfish (Clarias sp.).Keywords:AerationInfectionEctoparasitesClarias sp