bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Gas Deliverability Monitoring and Reserves Quantification without Shut-In the Well: Application of Coupled Material Balance - Nodal Analysis Approach in Main Zone of Tunu Field, Mahakam
Authors: Singh P. J.
Published: December 2021

The classical Material Balance (P/Z) plot requires fully shut-in built-up reservoir pressure (Pr) for its calculation by generating static Pr as a function of cumulative gas production (Gp). Shut-in the well only for Pr data acquisition is impractical and creates several issues such as risk of production loss and production disturbance. Mattar & McNeil (1997) introduced Flowing Material Balance approach for gas deliverability monitoring and reserves estimation based on surface well flowing parameter by creating parallel line through the initial Pr to estimate Initial-Gas-In-Place (IGIP). The method is practical for qualitative purpose, but any dynamic behavior of the well will be challenging. Improved model is presented, a Coupled Material Balance - Nodal Analysis approach for gas deliverability monitoring and reserves quantification of connected gas in place volume (CGIP). Initial Pr as a known variable then extended by the decline of Pr as a function of Gp and improved by performing “flowing mode” Nodal Analysis, converting bottom hole flowing pressure from wellhead flowing pressure to determine estimated Pr. Pr uncertainty and its depletion could be identified by sensitivity analysis, such as inflow productivity and water encroachment evolution. This approach has been applied for well T-32 of Tunu field, a mature field in Mahakam, to perform as single-reservoir gas deliverability monitoring by using only flowing parameter data. The “flowing” mode of Pr estimation with actual Gp, gives good performance of CGIP estimation without any shut-in activities, since this well is one of the big gas producer. This model also handled the dynamic activities of operation: well movement, production curtailment and improvement. The unknown variable of continuous water encroachment is also handled by wellbore temperature model which justified with actual data. This improved model could be considered as an alternative approach for gas reserves quantification and gives advantage for production strategy.
Capturing the Reservoir Uncertainty through Probabilistic Dynamic Modelling and Prediction: A Case Study of Multi-Layered Waterflood Reservoir with 90 Years Production History and 293 Wells
Authors: Noviyanto E.
Published: December 2021

This paper presents a probabilistic modeling and prediction workflow to capture the range of uncertainties and its application in a field with many wells and long history. A static model consisting of 19 layers and 293 wells was imported as the base model. Several reservoir properties such as relative permeability, PVT, aquifer, and initial condition were analyzed to obtain the range of uncertainties. The probabilistic history matching was done using Assisted History Matching (AHM) tools and divided into experimental design and optimization phases. The inputted parameters and their range sensitive to objective functions, e.g., oil rate/total difference, could be determined using a Pareto chart based on Pearson Correlation during experimental design. The optimization phase carried over the most sensitive parameters. It utilized Particle Swarm Optimization (PSO) algorithm to iterate the process and find the equiprobable models with minimum objective functions. After filtering a set of models created by AHM tools by the total oil production, field/well oil objective functions, the last three years' performance, and clustering using the k-means algorithm, there are 11 models left. These models were then analyzed to understand the final risk and parameter uncertainties, e.g., mobile oil or sweep efficiency. Three models representing P10, P50, and P90 were picked and used as the base models for developing waterflood scenario designs. Several scenarios were done, such as base case, perfect pattern case, and existing well case. The oil incremental is in the range of 1.60 – 2.01 MMSTB for the Base Case, 7.57 – 9.14 MMSTB for the Perfect Pattern Case, and 6.01 – 7.75 MMSTB for the Existing Well Case. This paper introduces the application of the probabilistic method for history matching and prediction. This method can engage the uncertainty of the dynamic model on the forecasted production profiles. In the end, this information could improve the quality of management decision-making in field development planning.
Cement Packer - Another Chance for 2nd Hand Late Life Medco E and P Offshore Field
Authors: Andriyanto S. E.
Published: December 2021

South Natuna Sea Block B PSC (Block B PSC) is one of the key player in Indonesia for supplying gas demand to Singapore and Malaysia. After its acquisition in 2016 by Medco Group, the field is expected to have sustainable gas supply for another 8 years. Hence, to support the plan, aggressive drilling and well service campaigns are enforced to meet the production goal. On mature field, Well Service activity is taking an important role in arresting production decline and in adding short marginal production gain from time to time. With typical well on Block B PSC has multi-zone reservoir, the opportunity to increase production rate is available by accessing the unexploited zone, which some are located above the current Production Packer. The challenge is on how to drain these marginal unexploited zones while maintaining low operational cost. Another challenge is Natuna field has unique characterization compared to other field, not only in terms of geographical condition, but also the way the wells are located on unmanned, minimum facility offshore Platforms. This provide another challenge for the modus operandi of Well Service in Block B PSC fields. The paper describes the challenges and learning curve that Medco E&P Offshore has to address by applying cement packer operation to gain well production, the benefit it has compared with other method, and why cement packer is the chosen method by looking from cost optimization, operational limits and technical limits.
Probabilistic History Matching and Prediction of Production Performance by Waterflood: A Case Study of 70 Years Old Oil Field
Authors: Noviyanto E.
Published: December 2021

This paper presents the application of probabilistic history matching and prediction workflow in a real field case in Indonesia. The main objective of this novel approach is to capture the subsurface uncertainty for better reservoir understanding to be able to manage its risk and make a better decision for further field development. The field is very complex, with updated geological concept of multi-level reservoirs that has more than a hundred of wells and has been producing for 70 years. Existing multi-realization of static reservoir model was built to determine range of probabilistic cases of In-Place calculation as output. Variation of fluid contacts, lithology/facies distribution, porosity distribution and Net to Gross map are the main differences among these cases. Structural model and reservoir properties from three pre-defined cases were imported to the integrated software modelling tool, excluding water saturation model. The static-dynamic model building process were then recorded under common workflow for integration and automation of rebuilding variation model. For effective probabilistic model initialization,an automatic capillary pressure adjustment was chosen. Subsequently, experimental design and optimization were run to manage probabilistic history matching effectively. Parameter screening and ranking tool were also used to update uncertainty design for the next iteration. The number of history match variants were managed by applying acceptable match criteria and clusterization. Twenty equiprobable history matching variants were selected to be carried over to prediction phase and the three selected remaining oil saturation distribution maps were assessed for waterflood pattern design. Having reduced the uncertainty of parameters by history matching process, the prediction of base case and waterflood scenario were run for twenty unique variants. Incremental cumulative oil is in the range of 14.81 MMSTB to 16.96 MMSTB, equivalent to incremental recovery factor 5% to 5.4%. This range represents static and dynamic input parameter uncertainty that examined in this study. High side of recovery factor from waterflood scenario is 21.6% which indicates many remaining unswept oils. These results were used for work activity recommendation in the future to recover more hydrocarbon from the 70 years old oil field. This paper demonstrates the first application of probabilistic dynamic modelling in the company including a first-step endeavour to integrate static and dynamic variable uncertainty for this field. The workflow will be used as a guideline process for other field applications in the future.
The First Successful Rigless Monotrip Gas Lift Completion in Mahakam Field
Authors: Sinaga R.
Published: December 2021

Pertamina Hulu Mahakam (PHM) has applied the Mono Trip Gas Lift (MTGL) completion technique with 27 wells that have been completed by drilling rigs. To improve efficiency, PHM assigned a Hydraulic Workover Unit (HWU) in September 2020 to execute the first rig-less MTGL in the Mahakam field, which is economically feasible based on an internal study. Since HWU has never performed the MTGL cementing, some collaborative works must be done to identify backlog and establish solid procedures for perfect execution. Besides, top of sediment (TOS) was found 16-21 m inside the tubing, which hindered access to the most bottom production zones. Moreover, this project is the first MTGL conducted inside a 7” casing which allows a maximum of 3 barrels per minute (bpm) flow rate (according to packer specification). The flowrate limitation could potentially create higher TOS inside the tubing. Hence, we agreed to utilize a 3.5” landing joint and to apply a higher flow rate for displacing cement as per simulation with rigorous risk assessment and mitigations. As a result, the job was completed in 11.6 days without a lost-time injury, contributing to 12% PHM saving, while the TOS was tagged 13 m above the top of the landing collar by 1.9” macaroni. Despite its success, some lessons are captured as our recommendations, such as improving the sweeping efficiency of the MTGL wiper plugs, establishing a solid system for vital data of cementing job, and developing the infrastructure by HWU contractor to perform the job more successfully. This paper strongly recommends the rig-less operation as an alternative way to reduce the costs of well construction activity. A proper operation can be achieved by learning the lessons, closely managing and monitoring entire job stages. Finally, it encourages partnership and synergy for a better result.
Improving The Efficiency of Well Intervention Project Trial, Commissioning and Management Walk Through During Pandemic with Virtual Based Synergy of Engineering, Operation & Planning Division
Authors: Umar K.
Published: December 2021

A new and efficient practice on digitally distanced inspections & management walk through following the introduction of stringent global travel restrictions due to the COVID-19 pandemic is presented in this paper. To successfully implement this practice, Well Intervention Team identified the problem and challenge including personnel's count & travel restriction, virtual method to be used, special PPE and infrastructure to deal with COVID-19. Fishbone diagram is used to analyze many possible causes for the problem & challenge stated before. Planning, scheduling, and execution to comply with problem and challenge then is performed. The virtual commissioning is executed with minimum personnel from service provider that physically onsite to gather required data and witness the process, followed by verification of the documented data and approval of the commissioning from the Well Intervention Team. The project performed with no major safety issues during operation. Two projects (Micro Coiled Tubing and Slickline – Electricline Combo Unit) are successfully executed within projected working window due to quicker inspection & survey activities, shorter response time, and greater scheduling flexibility. Four Virtual Management Walk Through are done within period 2020. Travel and accommodation costs spent is reduced for online commissioning and Virtual Management Walk Through. Instant and greater access to many network of experts to analyze the stored data that improve the decision-making. Minimum travel activities that reduced risk in transporting personnel to site and accommodating visitors from the company and service provider at site, removed the risk of delay, and also reduced carbon footprint.
Üsküdar Mihrimah Sultan Camii Taş Süslemelerinin Değerlendirilmesi
Authors: VARDAR Kadriye
Published: December 2021

İskele Camii olarak da bilinen Mihrimah Sultan Camii, İstanbul’da Üsküdar İlçesi’nde, Üsküdar Meydanı’nda yer almaktadır. Caminin giriş kapısında yer alan Arapça kitabeye göre 954/ 1548 tarihinde Kanuni Sultan Süleyman’ın (1520-1566) kızı Mihrimah Sultan tarafından yaptırılmıştır. Cami, Mimar Sinan’ın eseri olan, medrese, sıbyan mektebi, imaret-tabhane, han yanında suyolları ve çeşme gibi yapılardan oluşan bir külliye içinde yer almaktaydı. Sonraki dönemlerde külliyeye iki türbe, hamam, kasır ve muvakkithane eklenmiştir. Ancak bunlardan imaret-tabhane, han, kasır zamanla ortadan kalkmış, hamam ise günümüze özelliklerini yitirerek ulaşmıştır. Caminin meşrutaları Sultan Abdülmecid Dönemi’nde yanmış, muvakkithane ise 1956 yılında yıktırılmıştır. Arşiv belgelerinden edinilen bilgilere göre camide Sultan II. Mahmud, Sultan Abdülmecid, Sultan Abdülaziz ve Sultan II. Abdülhamid dönemlerinde yapılan onarımlara ek olarak, 20. ve 21 yüzyıllarda da restorasyon uygulamaları yapılmıştır. Bu çalışmada, Mihrimah Sultan Camii’nde görülen taş malzemenin yapısal ve süsleyici unsurlardaki kullanımı incelenmiştir. 16. yüzyıl eseri olan Mihrimah Sultan Camii, taş malzemenin kullanım ve süsleme özellikleri açısından döneminin karakteristik özelliklerini taşımaktadır. Yapının duvar örgüsünde kullanılan küfeki taşı, Mimar Sinan’ın eserlerinde olduğu gibi yapısal kullanımda tercih edilen bir malzeme olmuştur. Ayrıca, Marmara mermeri yanı sıra nitelikli doğal taşlar kısmen de olsa süsleyici özellikleriyle mimari unsurlarda yer almıştır. Mihrimah Sultan Camii’nde görülen taş süslemelerin kullanıldığı yerlerdeki dağılımına baktığımızda, kapılar, mihrap, minber, mahfil, yan nişler ve mihrabiyeler, sütunlar ve sütun başlıkları, şadırvan, minareler ve güneş saatleri gibi unsurları görmekteyiz. Taş süslemelerde kabartma, oyma, kafes oyma, yontma, boyama, kazıma, geçme teknikleri uygulanmıştır. Geleneksel yöntemlerle oluşturulan süslemelere geometrik, bitkisel, yazı süslemeler, mimarlık biçimleriyle oluşturulan süslemeler ve renkli taş süslemeler hâkimdir.
Language of Criminal Confessions
Authors: Rizzelli Lucrezia , Kassin Saul , Gales Tammy
Published: December 2021

Confession evidence is powerfully persuasive, and yet many wrongful convictions involving false confessions have surfaced in recent years (Innocence Project, 2021; National Registry of Exonerations, 2021). Although police are trained to corroborate admissions of guilt, research shows that most false confessions contain accurate details and other content cues suggesting credibility as well as extrinsic evidence of guilt. Hence, a method is needed to help distinguish true and false confessions. In this study, we utilized a corpus-based approach to outline the linguistic features of two sets of confessions: those that are presumed true (n = 98) and those that have been proven false (n = 37). After analyzing the two corpora in LIWC (Linguistic Inquiry and Word Count) to identify significant categories, we created a logistic regression model that distinguished the two corpora based on three identified predictors: personal pronouns, impersonal pronouns, and conjunctions. In a first sample comprised of 25 statements per set, the model correctly categorized 37 out of 50 confessions (74%); in a second out-of-model sample, the predictors accurately classified 20 of 24 confessions (83.3%). A high frequency of impersonal pronouns was associated with confessions proven false, while a high frequency of conjunctions and personal pronouns were associated with confessions presumed to be true. Several patterns were observed in the corpora. In the latter set of confessions, for example, “I” was often followed by a lexical verb, a pattern less frequent in false confessions. Although these data are preliminary and not to be used for practical diagnostic purposes, the findings suggest that additional research is warranted.
Los algoritmos en esta era digital
Authors: Gallardo M. Sara
Published: December 2021

Los diecisiete años de experiencia de Alejandro Sánchez en cargos de gerencia y liderazgo en proyectos de construcción de software, soluciones de datos, arquitectura de TI y transformación digital en el sector público y privado, sumados a la docencia y su doctorado en curso en la Universidad Nacional, los aplica hoy en el área de Machine Learning Delivery de Mercado Libre. “En mi día a día cuido mis datos evitando, por ejemplo, suministrarlos en páginas en las que puedan ser usados por algoritmos cuyo objetivo sea el spam o el fraude. Los algoritmos, las máquinas y los robots bien aplicados contribuyen a la calidad de vida y a una realidad mixta entre las personas y la inteligencia artificial”, asegura el entrevistado.
Performan Produksi dan Kapasitas Suplay Sapi Bali Bibit dan Potong di Kabupaten Lombok Barat, Nusa Tenggara Barat
Authors: Ashari M , Wirapribadi Lalu , Suhardiani Rr. Agustien , Poerwoto Happy , Andriati Rina
Published: December 2021

This research was conducted in West Lombok Regency with the aim of knowing the production performance and supply capacity of Bali cattle seeds and beef in West Lombok district. The research was conducted by survey method. The research sample consisted of farmers and the livestock they kept. This research was conducted in two sub-districts and three sample villages were selected for each sub-district. The number of samples is 60 farmer respondents. The variables observed included body weight, body size, birth rate, mortality rate, calf harvest, calving period and age of rejection. The data collected were analyzed descriptively. To determine the level of production and supply capacity of Bali cattle, seeds and cuts, the data were analyzed using Dania guidelines. Structure The population of Bali cattle consists of 33.33% calves, 21.21% young and 45.45% adults with a child harvest rate of 26.97% and a mortality rate of 2.49% of the population. The average body weight of Bali cattle in West Lombok Regency, weaning calf, young and adult, respectively, is 129.65, 247.98 and 275.75 kg adults with gumba height, 99.08 weaning calves, 112.75 young and adults 118.45 cm. The supply capacity of breeder cattle and beef cattle in West Lombok Regency is 24.28% of the population, consisting of 6.51% beef cattle and 17.76% breed cattle.
Defisit Air Pada Berbagai Fase Pertumbuhan dan Pengaruhnya Terhadap Karakter Kuantitatif Beberapa Genotipe Kacang Tanah
Authors: Hemon A Farid , Sumarjan Sumarjan , Listiana Baiq Erna , Dewi Suprayanti Martia
Published: December 2021

This study aims to determine the effect of water deficit at various phases of plant growth on the quantitative characters of several peanut genotypes. This study used a completely randomized design-split plot design.  The water deficit consisted of 6 treatments: d0 = no water deficit, d1 = water deficit from germination to harvest, d2 = water deficit from germination to age 25 days after planting (dap) (vegetative phase), d3 = water deficit from age 26  to 50 dap (flowering phase to pod formation), d4 = water deficit from age 51 dap to 75 dap (seed filling phase), and d5 = water deficit from age 75 dap to 100 dap (seed ripening phase until harvest). The peanut genotype used consisted of 10 genotypes. The results showed that water deficit in various phases of plant growth resulted in different quantitative characters in several peanut genotypes. Genotype G3T4 produced heaviest dry pod weight of 12.7 g plant-1 in water deficit from germination to harvest. Genotype G200-I produced heaviest dry pod weight of 11.5 g per plant-1 in water deficit in the vegetative phase. Genotype G3T4 produced heaviest dry pod weight of 13.3 g per plant in water deficit the generative phase. Genotype G300-II produced heaviest the dry pod weight of 11.7 g per plant-1 in the water deficit of the seed filling phase. Genotypes G2D2, G2T3 and G200-I produced the heaviest dry pod weight of 11.0 g per plant-1 in the water deficit of the seed ripening phase.
Teknik Pengisian Ulang Baterai Alkaline Nonrecharable Bekas Untuk Memperpanjang Umur Pemakaian
Authors: Wahyu Satiawan I Nyoman , Supriono Supriono , Fery Citarsa Ida Bagus , Budi Suksmadana I Made , Warindi Warindi
Published: December 2021

Alkaline battery is one type of battery that is designed for single use. As a result, there is a lot of waste or alkaline battery waste. To reduce the impact of alkaline battery waste, it is deemed necessary to conserve batteries, namely by extending their service life, thereby delaying the battery to become waste. The easy way is to recharge the battery so that it can be used again. Although alkaline batteries are disposable batteries, from the characteristics of the electrochemical reactions it can be seen that the chemical reactions can be reversed so that there is a possibility that the batteries can be recharged. Some of the limitations in recharging include the condition of the battery, recharging strategy, the limit on the number of charging cycles and the capacity of the battery when it is recharged. This paper discusses the procedure for conserving used alkaline batteries to increase the use time and at the same time reduce the negative impact of battery waste on the environment. The stages of the battery charging experiment are: 1) detecting the quality of used alkaline batteries, 2) determining the proper way of recharging and 3) estimating the number of safe recharge cycles before being recycled. The experimental results show that: 1) the detection of rechargeable batteries can be carried out by the short initial charge method and checking whether there is an increase in battery capacity, 2) the combined method of constant voltage and constant current is the fastest and safest way to recharge alkaline batteries, 3) the average alkaline battery can be recharged up to 8 times.
Penampilan Vegetatif Tiga Genotipe Kedelai Berbiji Besar Pada Kondisi Stres Genangan
Authors: Kisman Kisman , Hemon Farid , Sumarjan Sumarjan , Dewi Suprayanti
Published: December 2021

ABSTRACTThis study aims to determine the vegetative appearance of three genotypes of large-seeded soybean under puddle stress. The Experimental method was used and the plastic buckets as the experimental units were arranged using a Split Plot Design. The main plot was the stress factor (S) consisting of normal conditions (S0) and puddle stress (S1), and the subplot was the genotype factor (G) consisting of G1 (KH1), G2 (Argomulyo), and G2 (Grobogan). Each genotype was repeated four times. The observed variables were plant height, number of leaves, leaf area, number of productive branches, specific leaf weight, root/shoot dry weight ratio. The results showed that there were significantly differences in the appearance of the vegetative characters of the three genotypes of large seeded soybean under puddle stress conditions, especially on plant height, leaf area, plant dry weight, and shoot dry weight. Under puddle stress conditions, KH1 showed the highest of the plant height, root dry weight, and shoot dry weight. Argomulyo showed the highest of the leaf area, while Grobogan did not show as a tolerant variety under puddle stress conditions.
Status Terkini Tutupan Terumbu Karang di Perairan Dangkal Pulau Bedil, Desa Labuan Bajo, Kabupaten Sumbawa, NTB
Authors: Himawan Mahardika Rizqi , Hidayati Eni , Buhari Nurliah , Hilyana Sitti , Syahdina Maulita
Published: December 2021

Bedil Island is included in the Keramat, Bedil, and Temudong Small Island Park (TPK), which was approved by the Regent of Sumbawa. Administratively, this island is included in the Labuan Bajo Village area, Sumbawa, NTB. There is the existence of coral reef ecosystems in these waters that form a reef flat and reef slope profile, that stretches to the southwest and northeast. By its designation as a small island park, the coral reefs in Bedil Island are used as an underwater tourism object. This study aims to determine the current condition of coral reef cover in the waters around Bedil Island, especially in the eastern and southern parts of the island. Coral reefs in the north and west area are limited and there is the existence of seagrass beds. The line intercept transect method is carried out by spreading the roll meter as far as 50 meters on the east and south sides of the island with a depth of 2-3 meters. The coral lifeform that is tangent with the roll meter is then recorded and then analyzed for the average percent cover, clustering status, and coral mortality index. Coral reefs in the eastern and southern parts of Bedil Island are classified as very good/excellent because they have a percent cover value above 75%. In addition, the coral mortality index value is also relatively small which indicates that the corals are living well. Clearwater conditions and locations far from human settlements are thought to be factors that support coral survival. However, the presence of dead coral algae and rubble still indicates a threat of damage even though the value is small. Algae life on the surface of dead coral also indicates that the coral has been dead for a long time.
MODEL STOKASTIK DENGAN PENDEKATAN GENERALIZED LINEAR MODEL UNTUK MENGESTIMASI CADANGAN KLAIM INCURRED BUT NOT REPORTED
Authors: Seru Feby , Azizah Azizah , Saputro Agung Dwi
Published: December 2021

One of the crucial things in the insurance business is determining the amount of IBNR claim reserves. The amount of IBNR's claim reserves is uncertain so it is necessary to estimate as accurately as possible. The estimation results of IBNR's claim reserves will affect the solvency and sustainability of the company. To calculate the estimated IBNR claim reserves, several approaches are used both deterministically and stochastically. This study uses a stochastic model with the GLM approach for data that is assumed to have an ODP distribution. Besides, this study also uses 2 different methods to calculate parameter estimates in the model, namely by performing parameter transformations and using the Verbeek algorithm. This study will compare the results of the IBNR claim reserve estimation obtained using these two methods in estimating the parameters in the model. The estimation results obtained indicate that the value of the IBNR claim reserves is the same. The advantage of the Verbeek algorithm is that the resulting parameter values ​​have interpretations.
Herkkyys ja yksilölliset olemisen kehykset
Authors: Airaksinen Anne , Satri Janna
Published: December 2021

Erityisherkkyyden käsite on tullut viime vuosina tutuksi popularisoidusta tietokirjallisuudesta. Tieteellisestikin käsite on kiinnostava mutta näyttäytyy monimuotoisesti useiden eri käsitteiden alla, joita yhdistävät yksilöiden väliset herkkyyserot ja herkkyys ympäristölle. Tässä artikkelissa käsittelemme herkkyyden ilmiötä ja tuomme esille siihen liittyvää tieteellistä käsitteistöä sekä kotimaista ja kansainvälistä tutkimusta. Vuorovaikutuksellisena, yhteisöllisenä ja yhteiskunnallisena ulottuvuutena hahmottelemme esiin niin kutsuttua olemisen kehystä, olemisen ja toiminnan ympäristöä, jossa yksilö toimii, kasvaa ja kehittyy. Yksilölliset olemisen kehykset avaavat näkymiä kohti herkkyydeltään erilaisten ihmisten toimijuutta ja toiminnan mahdollisuuksia. Tämä on uusi avaus, joka kohdentuu yksilön ja ympäristön välisen vuorovaikutussuhteen sekä sen laadun tarkastelemiseen yksilölliset herkkyyserot huomioiden. Herkkyyden teoreettinen tarkastelu avaa mahdollisuuksia jatkotutkimuksille. Sosiaali- ja yhteiskuntatieteellistä tutkimusta tarvitaan laajentamaan herkkyyden ja herkkyyserojen tutkimuskenttää.
Leibniz on the Empty Term ‘Nothing’
Authors: Costantini Filippo
Published: December 2021

This paper discusses Leibniz’s treatment of the term ‘nihil’ that appears in some logical papers about the notion of Real Addition. First, the paper argues that the term should be understood as an empty (singular) term and that sentences with empty terms can be true (§2). Second, it sketches a positive free logic to describe the logical behaviour of empty terms (§3). After explaining how this approach avoids a contradiction that threatens the introduction of the term ‘nihil’ in the Real Addition calculus (§4), and how this approach should be understood within Leibniz’s philosophy (§5), the paper assesses the prospects of such an approach with regard to two fundamental issues in Leibniz’s thought: the fictional nature of infinitesimals (§6), and the occurrence of the term ‘nothing’ in the proof of the existence of God that we find in the New Essays (§7).
Conceivability Errors and the Role of Imagination in Symbolization
Authors: Oliveri Lucia
Published: December 2021

n the years 1675-84, Leibniz sought to disprove Descartes’s account of clear and distinct perception by implementing a three-step argumentative strategy. The first part of the paper reconstructs the argument and highlights what aspects of Descartes’s epistemology it addresses. The reconstruction shows that the argument is based on conceivability errors. These are a kind of symbolic cognition that prove Descartes’s clear and distinct perception as introspectively indistinguishable from Leibniz’s symbolic cognition. The second part of the paper explores the epistemic implication of the indistinguishability between clear and distinct perception and symbolic cognition: the mind constitutively depends on products of the imagination. My conclusion addresses the role of the imagination in symbolization. Symbolization does not exceed imagination; it rather is an idealized use of cognitive surrogates, like characters, to submit to the imagination what is not subject to it.
Leibniz on the Frege Point
Authors: Rauzy Jean-Baptiste
Published: December 2021

In the debate on the Frege Point, the ‘Spinoza thesis’ is often mentioned. But Leibniz is kept out. Yet, on this topic, Spinoza and Leibniz shared a fairly similar goal. They sought to root the assertive force in the conceptual activity of the subject. But Leibniz, unlike Spinoza, wanted also to build a coherent theory of propositions. Propositions are for him always provided with assertive force. But what is affirmed by the propositions of logic is only a possibility – the possibility of the conceptual link they express. Stronger assertions require something more: a mark of actuality, a modal symbol in logic or the use of notae or particulae which belong to natural languages. Leibniz does not modify his conception of propositions in his “analysis particularum”. He tries to understand what we do when we use them in various contexts. The Leibnizian proposition is neutral, but it is not forceless. Since it is not forceless, there is no need to appeal to an external act or to a judgment. Leibniz thinks, like most of the authors of the Aristotelian tradition, that the proposition contains the act of judging. Since it is neutral, there is no need to venture into the many difficulties raised by cancellation to account for the force/content relation in the conditional, disjunctive or fictional contexts.
Leibniz’s Last Letter on Linguistic Matters
Authors: Gensini Stefano
Published: December 2021

We reproduce in what follows the last writing published in life by G.W. Leibniz (1646-1716) on linguistic topics. Together with other works by scholars of the time, Leibniz’s essay served as an introduction to an important collection of versions of the Pater noster in many different languages (Chamberlayne ed. 1715). In his critical remarks, the philosopher not only summarises his main ideas about the importance and method of linguistic comparison, but also integrates them with interpretative insights from neighbouring fields, such as numismatics, archaeology, and the history of writing systems. The editor’s commentary gives information on the historical and theoretical context in which Leibniz writes and on the numerous authors and works mentioned in the text.
Book Review: Ksenia V. Melchakova, Bosniya i Gertsegovina v rossiyskoy obshchestvenno-politicheskoy zhizni v 1856–1875 gg. [Bosnia and Herzegovina in Russian Social and Political Life, 1856–75], Indrik Moscow 2019), 432 pages, ISBN 978-5-91674-537-5.
Authors: PAKHOMOVA Lidia
Published: December 2021

Ksenia V. Melchakova, Bosniya i Gertsegovina v rossiyskoy obshchestvenno-politicheskoy zhizni v 1856–1875 gg. [Bosnia and Herzegovina in Russian Social and Political Life, 1856–75], Indrik Moscow 2019), 432 pages, ISBN 978-5-91674-537-5.
ESTENOSE HIPERTRÓFICA DE PILORO EM GÊMEAS DIZIGÓTICAS PREMATURAS: RELATO DE CASO
Authors:   Faculdades Pequeno Principe, Ramon Pallu Ighor , de Souza Boscol Sofia , Rubio Vilar Paula , Entringer Falqueto Loraine , Lucilda Schultz Karin ,   Hospital Pequeno Príncipe
Published: December 2021

Introdução: A estenose hipertrófica de piloro infantil (EHPI) consiste num estreitamento do piloro que pode dificultar ou interromper a comunicação entre o duodeno e o estômago do paciente, sendo mais prevalente em lactentes do sexo masculino entre três e oito semanas de vida, com histórico familiar de EHPI. Existem muitas divergências e especulações quanto a etiologia desta doença, e quais genes e fatores ambientais estariam envolvidos no seu desenvolvimento. Relato do caso: Este relato de caso, retrata o diagnóstico e tratamento de EHPI em pacientes gêmeas dizigóticas do sexo feminino, sem histórico familiar, em um Hospital Pediátrico de Referência, de forma a enfatizar a raridade do caso abordado. Conclusão: O quadro clínico, histórico familiar e fatores de risco devem ser explorados amplamente a fim de que se possa realizar um diagnóstico rápido e preciso da doença, evitando quaisquer prejuízos ao desenvolvimento da criança.
El català com a aliat contra la soledat
Authors: Türkaslan Selçuk-Destan
Published: December 2021

Veus de l'alumnat. Testimoni de Selçuk-Destan Türkaslan.
Analyzing Longitudinal Social Relations Model Data Using the Social Relations Structural Equation Model
Authors: Nestler Steffen , Lüdtke Oliver , Robitzsch Alexander
Published: December 2021

The social relations model (SRM) is very often used in psychology to examine the components, determinants, and consequences of interpersonal judgments and behaviors that arise in social groups. The standard SRM was developed to analyze cross-sectional data. Based on a recently suggested integration of the SRM with structural equation models (SEM) framework, we show here how longitudinal SRM data can be analyzed using the SR-SEM. Two examples are presented to illustrate the model, and we also present the results of a small simulation study comparing the SR-SEM approach to a two-step approach. Altogether, the SR-SEM has a number of advantages compared to earlier suggestions for analyzing longitudinal SRM data, making it extremely useful for applied research.
Pre-University Education in Egypt at the Turn of the Second and Third Decades of the XXI Century
Authors:   Institute for African Studies RAS, Volkov Sergey
Published: December 2021

The author analyzes the system of pre-university education in Egypt, which the Constitution of 2014 undertakes to raise to the «international level». To this end, the government has been reforming it since 2017, which is partly financed by a loan from the World Bank. The main directions of the reform include improving preschool education, improving the qualifications of teachers, changing the system of assessing students’ knowledge and strengthening the technical base of schools and colleges. Despite the first successes of pre-university education reform, it is still expanding mainly extensively, without significantly improving the quality of education of Egyptian students. The reason for this lies in the significant lack of public investment, which the government is trying to compensate by attracting private business, both national and international, to this area. However, this leads to increased inequality in access to education. In addition, even taking into account private investments, the amount of funding for pre-university education is still far from the 4% of GDP provided for by the Constitution. The main problems of pre-university education continue to be the unsatisfactory average level of qualification of Egyptian teachers, mainly due to their low wages, a large number of pupils in classes, as well as the weak material and technical base of schools and colleges. There are also significant differences in the territorial development of pre-university education in Egypt, as well as between its various stages and directions. Egyptian business continues to experience a shortage of qualified graduates of the secondary vocational education system, despite certain successes achieved in its development in recent years.
Moulding South African Public Opinion on Economic Cooperation with Russia
Authors:   Institute for African Studies RAS, Gorelik Boris
Published: December 2021

A study of over 300 articles and opinion pieces in popular and academic publications in South Africa, issued in 2016–2021, shows that South African journalists and political scientists are sceptical of large state-sponsored economic projects involving Russian state companies. Statements by the Russian partners that the current economic initiatives uphold the tradition of Soviet assistance to the anti-apartheid movement are interpreted by critics of the South African government as demagoguery and exploitation of history. Such authors assert that Russian-South African state cooperation in business led to “dodgy deals” which were concluded in the interests of South African high officials as well as entrepreneurs associated with them. South African journalists and political scientists focus on internal political and economic problems, presenting Russian initiatives as an aggravating factor. Many leading members of the ANC and the EFF have spoken in favour of cooperation with Russian state companies. Such initiatives are also often supported by the Independent Media & News publications. Collaboration between Russian private companies and their local partners does not tend to raise objections from observers in that country. South Africans welcome joint ventures with Russian participation which not only create jobs and provide advanced training to their local personnel but also contribute to import substitution by establishing manufacturing facilities in South Africa. The previous failures have not discredited trade and economic cooperation with Russia. South Africans do not seem to be opposed to Russian economic initiatives, apart from major state projects which are often scrutinised by the media. A considerable number of South Africans view Russia as an alternative to the Western influence and favour economic collaboration between our countries.
Oil discoveries and political windfalls: Evidence on presidential support in Uganda
Authors: Paler Laura , Springman Jeremy , Grossman Guy , Pierskalla Jan
Published: December 2021

Oil discoveries, paired with delays in production, have created a new phenomenon: sustained post-discovery, pre-production periods. While research on the resource curse has debated the effects of oil on governance and conflict, less is known about the political effects of oil discoveries absent production. Using comprehensive electoral data from Uganda and a difference-in-difference design with heterogeneous effects, we show that oil discoveries increased electoral support for the incumbent chief executive in localities proximate to discoveries, even prior to production. Moreover, the biggest effects occurred in localities that were historically most electorally competitive. Overall, we show that the political effects of oil discoveries vary subnationally depending on local political context and prior to production, with important implications for understanding the roots of the political and conflict curses.
Miopatía Inflamatoria: Recuperación funcional desde la medicina biorreguladora. Reporte de caso
Authors: BARRETO CASTAÑEDA HEIDY MARCELA , GARRIDO CABALLERO YOHANA
Published: December 2021

Las miopatías inflamatorias son trastornos heterogéneos que comparten la injuria muscular inmunomediada como característica común; cuenta con un amplio espectro clínico que pueden ir desde manifestaciones a nivel de la piel, tracto gastrointestinal, articulaciones y pulmones. A continuación, se expone el caso de una paciente tratada con medicina biorreguladora por cuadro de miopatía inflamatoria encontrando un gran impacto en su recuperación funcional.
Kondisi Sosial Masyarakat yang Kurang Mengetahui Pentingnya Wawasan Nusantara
Authors: PUTRI SALVA AYU VIDIAS
Published: December 2021

Pada dasarnya setiap masyarakat menginginkan perubahan dari keadaan tertentu kearah yang lebih baik dengan harapan akan tercapai kehidupan yang lebih maju dan makmur. Keinginan akan adanya perubahan itu adalah awal dari suatu proses modernisasi. Pengertian modernisasi mencakup makna yang sangat luas dan tidak dapat ditentukan secara mutlak. Hal ini ditandai dengan tanggapan dan penekanan modernisasi sesuai dengan kondisi dan kebutuhan yang diinginkan dalam perubahan itu. Perkembangan teknologi akan mengalami beberapa siklus. Jacob menjelaskan beberapa siklus perkembangan ilmu pengetahuan dan teknologi menjadi lima tahapan. Lima tahapan tersebut dinyatakan sebagai lima siklus kondratif, yaitu suatu siklus yang akan berulang setiap 50 tahun. Kelima siklus tersebut adalah: pertama, dimulai dengan revolusi teknologi (tahun 1760); kedua, ditandai dengan terbentangnya jaringan kereta api (tahun 1848); ketiga, dimulai dengan ditemukannya ban berjalan (tahun 1895); keempat, ditandai dengan ditemukannya tenaga atom dan motorisasi massal (tahun 1945); dan kelima, ditandai dengan perkembangan mikro elektronik serta bioteknologi.
MAKALAH MACHINE LEARNING
Authors: Simanullang Andreas M
Published: December 2021

Machine learning merupakan sistem yang mampu belajar sendiri untuk memutuskan sesuatu tanpa harus berulangkali diprogram oleh manusia sehingga komputer menjadi semakin cerdas berlajar dari pengalaman data yang dimiliki. Berdasarkan teknik pembelajarannya, dapat dibedakan supervised learning menggunakan dataset (data training) yang sudah berlabel, sedangkan unsupervised learning menarik kesimpulan berdasarkan dataset. Input berupa dataset digunakan pembelajaran mesin untuk menghasilkan analisis yang benar. Penyelesaian digunakan Python yang menyediakan algoritma dan library yang digunakan membuat machine learning. Artificial intelligence (AI) dan machine learning saat ini kembali memasuki fase booming setelah beberapa dekade mengalami pasang surut. Kecerdasan Buatan kembali digandrungi, dimana penerapannya dilakukan secara masive pada aplikasi-aplikasi bisnis dan social media jaman now seperti Facebook, Twitter, Google, Amazon, dan bahkan berbagai aplikasi besar dari Indonesia seperti Go-jek, Tokopedia, dan sebagainya. Struktur pembahasan dalam buku ini meliputi 3 bagian besar yaitu (1) Konsep Machine Learning dan Kecerdasan Buatan (2) Dasar-Dasar Pemrograman Python untuk Machine Learning serta (3) Contoh Penerapan Machine Learning Menggunakan Python dengan menerapkan beberapa algoritma baik Supervised maupun Unsupervised Learning. Beberapa studi kasus dibahas secara lengkap dari pemahaman algoritma, mengolah dataset sampai pada training dan testing serta visualisasi hasil dari model machine learning yang dikembangkan.
Analisis Post to Followers Ratio Instagram pada 6 Sepatu Sandal Merk Lokal
Authors: andika surya
Published: December 2021

Information and Communication Technology is currently growing rapidly so that it can make it easier for everyone to exchange information with others through social media. One of the social media that currently has a big influence is Instagram. This study aims to find the ratios found on social media Instagram. These ratios can later be used to perform analyzes that can be measured mathematically. The research method used is exploratory to find the variables contained in Instagram. These variables will be juxtaposed to be tested for their relevance to find the relevant ratios used to assess the performance of an Instagram account. The results of this Instagram social media research show that 14 ratios can be used to assess, measure, and compare the credibility of an Instagram account. The discovery of this ratio implies that further researchers can conduct quantitative research in measuring, assessing, and comparing accounts contained on Instagram.
Sex-typical symptoms of depression and the importance of conditioning contexts in Austria
Authors: Förster Martin
Published: December 2021

Background: Findings regarding the effect of sex on depression are inconclusive. The aim of this paper is to contribute to clarification concerning this effect by first disentangle the concept of depression and splitting it up into two sub-types. Second, we will address macro-level contexts as conditions of the sex-effect on depression.Methods: This study gives a comparative analysis of sex as a predictor of depression symptoms in various Austrian federal states. It offers a secondary data analysis of data collected from an online survey (CAWI) conducted in Austria as a quota sample of Austrian inhabitants (N=1229). Besides sex as a predictor of depression symptoms (measured by PHQ-9 items) we also consider four dimensions of social support, the retirement status, and the experience of a vocational gratification crisis.Results: By and large, sex is not associated with motivational deficit symptoms, but rather with somatic stress symptoms. Taking into account federal states as conditions, the sex-effect on depression symptoms turn out to be context-dependent.Limitations: Using some items from the PHQ-9 inventory for measuring depression symptoms was arbitrary, findings could be sensitive to operationalization. Furthermore, Austrian federal states are no substantial variables which could condition the sex-effect directly. The actual conditioning variables correlate with the Austrian federal states, but remain unobserved here. Conclusions: Depression symptoms are partly sex-typical, but this association is context-dependent. For diagnostics, therefore, the recommendation arises to take symptomatic sub-types of depression into account, instead of an in itself heterogeneous construct that expresses itself differently under certain conditions.
Artikel algoritma pemrograman
Authors: Friska Nadia
Published: December 2021

ABSTRAKAlgoritma memiliki serangkaian langkah untuk memecahkan masalah. Langkah-langkahnya disusun secara sistematis. Algoritma adalah langkah-langkah untuk mengurutkan langkah-langkah terintegrasi, dan penggunaannya untuk memecahkan masalah memiliki cara khusus untuk menyelesaikan masalah nyata (WebsterDictionary). Tujuan dari algoritme adalah untuk membantu Anda menjadi terbiasa menerapkan sistem perencanaan untuk masalah tertentu. Perencanaan yang cermat dapat mengatasi masalah ini sehingga Anda dapat mengoptimalkan solusi yang tepat saat menyelesaikan masalah. Seperti yang Anda lihat, masalahtidak dapat diselesaikan tanpa rencana. Mempelajari sebuah programsangat berbeda dengan belajar bahasa pemrograman. Ketika pemrograman adalah tentang pendekatan strategis untuk memecahkan masalah, masalah diwakili oleh algoritma sederhana yang mudah dipahami dan dibaca untuk masukan lebih lanjut ke dalam bahasa pemrograman. Pembelajaran pemrograman berarti strategi pembelajaran yang dinyatakan dalam bentuk algoritma yang mudah dibaca dan dipahami, memecahkan masalah, dan menerjemahkannya ke dalam bahasa pemrograman. Hakikat dalam mempelajari suatu program adalah memahami, menganalisis dan mengintegrasikan masalah. Kata kunci: Algoritma, Program, Pemrograman, Bahasa, Langkah