bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Requesting in shop encounters
Authors: Mondada Lorenza
Published: August 2024

The chapter offers a systematic study of requests in shop encounters. Considering
their detailed formats, constituted through the specific assembling of diverse resources including speakers’ turn,
gaze, gestures, and body postures that I call multimodal Gestalts, it identifies different types of requests and their sequential implicativeness.
The chapter shows how these multimodal formats are methodically bound to the categorization of speakers/customers, their epistemic and sensorial relations to the product, and as a consequence,
to the response of the seller, the service they offer,
and the progressivity of the encounter. In this sense, multimodal Gestalts are crucial for understanding the systematic accountability of the action and its sequential
organization, as well as the social-institutional features of the situated activity in which this action is embedded.
The study contributes to IL research by demonstrating
how linguistic and embodied resources are deeply and systematically intertwined, and showing the necessity to go
beyond talk for understanding the variation and indexicality of social actions.
Shadow and gravitational weak lensing for quantum improved charged black hole in plasma*
Authors: Alloqulov Mirzabek , Atamurotov Farruh , Abdujabbarov Ahmadjon , Ahmedov Bobomurat , Juraeva Nozima
Published: August 2024

We investigated the shadow and weak gravitational lensing for the quantum-improved charged black hole (BH). First, the photon motion and BH shadow were studied in a plasma medium. It can be seen from our analysis that the radius of the photon sphere of the quantum-improved charged BH and size of the BH shadow decrease under the influence of the plasma parameter

. Furthermore, the gravitational weak lensing is considered for the quantum-improved charged BH, and we have obtained the deflection angle of light rays around a compact object for uniform and non-uniform plasma cases. It is shown that the value of the deflection angle for uniform plasma increases with increasing plasma parameter, and vice versa for non-uniform plasma. It has been also indicated that under the influence of the plasma parameter

and BH charge

, the values of the deflection angles for the two cases decrease. Finally, we investigated the magnification of image brightness using the deflection angle of the light rays around the quantum-improved charged BH.
Scissors vibration and its collective rotation in a microscopic investigation*
Authors: Chen 陈 Fang-Qi 芳祁
Published: August 2024

The intrinsic vibrational motion and the rotational behavior of the scissors mode in well deformed nuclei are investigated with an angular-momentum-projected approach, which is interpreted as a generator-coordinate-method with the generator coordinates corresponding to the degrees of freedom of interest. The picture of the intrinsic and rotational motion of the scissors mode is illustrated from the collective wave function within the framework of the generator-coordinate-method. The harmonicity of the scissors vibration is found to arise naturally from the present model but can be disturbed by the Coriolis effect as spin increases. The odd and even spin members of the rotational band based on the scissors mode rotate about different axes perpendicular to each other, leading to the flipping moment of inertia and the consequent splitting behavior that has been suggested previously.
Long-term Speckle Interferometric Monitoring of Binary Systems: 2007–2023 Positional Measurements and Orbits of Seven Objects
Authors: Mitrofanova Arina , Dyachenko Vladimir , Beskakotov Anatoly , Balega Yuri , Maksimov Alexander , Rastegaev Denis
Published: August 2024

The results of seventeen years of speckle interferometric monitoring of seven objects (Chara 122Aa, GJ 3010, HIP 1987, GJ 3076, HIP 11253, HIP 11352, and HIP 14929) are presented. Observational data were obtained at the 6 m Big Telescope Alt-azimuthal Special Astrophysical Observatory of the Russian Academy of Science (BTA SAO RAS) from 2007 to the present. Analysis of previously published and new measurements made it possible to construct completely new orbits for Chara 122Aa, HIP 11253, and HIP 14929. The orbit of GJ 3076 cannot be constructed accurately due to the large influence of the weights assigned to the measurements. The resulting orbital solutions are classified based on a grading scheme suggested by W.I. Hartkopf, B.D. Mason and C.E. Worley; most orbits are “definitive” (Grade 1). The mass sums and masses of components calculated by two independent methods using Hipparcos and Gaia DR2 and DR3 parallaxes were compared for the objects under study.
Frequency tunable non-invasive microwave blood glucose sensor based on negative impedance circuit
Authors: Peng Jinyang , Yong Jinglei , He Xingli , Li Lingfeng , Li Peng , Zhang Yun Jing
Published: August 2024

This article proposes a frequency adjustable non-invasive blood glucose microwave sensor based on negative impedance circuit. Firstly, this article establishes a skin-blood-skin human tissue model for the detection of non-invasive microwave sensors. Compared to traditional passive microwave blood glucose sensors, this design uses a negative impedance compensation circuit (NIC), greatly increasing microwave penetration and improving its detection sensitivity. In addition, this design achieves the goal of adjustable operating frequency by adding an additional dielectric layer at the detection end. This function is of great significance for microwave non-invasive blood glucose sensors. On the one hand, it can adjust to the optimal operating frequency band according to the characteristics of blood glucose changes; On the other hand, it is possible to measure changes in blood glucose concentration at multiple frequency points, thereby increasing the accuracy of detection. The relevant results show that adjusting the frequency band can reach 1–4 GHz, and the specific method of frequency adjustment is provided in the article; Meanwhile, four initial frequency points were selected in the article, at which the results show that the sensitivity reaches 1.356 × 10−3, 3.142 × 10−3, 2.071 × 10−3, 1.903 × 10−3. The above results demonstrate the superiority of our design, and blood glucose sensors based on this principle are expected to break through the limitations of current blood glucose sensors.
A high-performance digital polymerase chain reaction chip integrated with nanorods-decorated microchannel plate
Authors: Li Guangyang , Xu Xuefeng , Xue Lingyue , Xu Mingzhu , Hu Sixing , Xiang Anli , Yang Xi , Cao Zhen
Published: August 2024

In this paper, we report on a digital PCR chip integrated with microchannel plate (MCP) for the quantification of DNA molecules. MCP, a highly porous glass membrane, is employed here as microreactors. The density of the microreactors reaches up to 1600 mm−2 with a total number of 40,000 chambers each in 100 pL volumes embedded in a 5 × 5 mm2 MCP, which is 100 times larger than that of the conventional microfabricated chips. In addition, the MCP is functionalized with ZnO nanorods to enhance the fluorescence signal. The dynamic range is noted as 105 and the detection limit of λDNA is determined to be 1.4 copies/μL.
Cost-effective scanning digital microscopic system for wide field-of-view and high-resolution biomedical imaging
Authors: Lin Siru , Lv Zhihang , Huang Xiwei
Published: August 2024

Microscopes serve as indispensable tools for exploring the microcosm and conducting biological detection. However, traditional microscopes fail to balance the field of view and resolution, limiting wide-field imaging capabilities. Here, we propose a low-cost, wide-field, high-resolution digital microscopy imaging system, providing high-quality and versatile microscopy tools for budget-constrained laboratories. The design of this system is based on the low-cost mechanical scanning and positioning platform provided by a computer numerical control (CNC) router architecture. The use of a transmitted light structure ensures uniform field illumination for both bright-field and fluorescence microscopy. Utilizing a 20× objective lens, this microscopy system achieves clear imaging of 1μm particles and rapidly acquires hundreds of microscopic images for subsequent stitching, thus achieving high-resolution wide-field imaging in both bright-field and fluorescence modes. The system integrates the advantages of wide-field, high-resolution imaging, and high-throughput image acquisition, providing a cost-effective solution for wide-field microscopy.
A mathematical model of an off-grid hybrid energy system utilizing the reversible solid oxide fuel cell
Authors: Sarwa B , Buchaniec S , Kimijima S , Moździerz M
Published: August 2024

The current energy transition focuses on decentralizing energy systems by implementing alternative energy sources. Integrating distributed energy sources into functional hybrid energy systems has proven to be a difficult task. To solve this problem, it is important to conduct an in-depth analysis of the energy system through the preparation of a mathematical model. The study aims to model and simulate the operation of an off-grid self-sustainable energy storage system for single-family household use by utilizing solid oxide technology. The proposed system consists of photovoltaic modules and an energy storage system including batteries, reversible solid oxide fuel cells, and hydrogen storage tanks. To integrate these energy resources into one system, an energy management system, in which the solid oxide stack is used as a backup generator or a hydrogen production device, is implemented. Finally, a numerical simulation of the system’s operation is run to estimate the system’s performance over a one-year time period. The prepared model can find many practical applications, such as optimizing system costs, environmental impact, or the energy management system.
Seeing the forest for the trees: implementing dynamic representation of forest management and forest carbon in a long-term global multisector model
Authors: Narayan Kanishka B , Patel Pralit , Wise Marshall , Snyder Abigail , Calvin Kate , Graham Neal
Published: August 2024

Studies have found that understanding forest management is critical in understanding the interaction between the carbon cycle and the integrated human-Earth system. This makes effectively representing forest management decisions such as planting and harvesting important. Here, we implement a novel dynamic forest harvest model in a global state of the art multi-sector dynamics model, namely the Global Change Analysis Model (GCAM). We implement an approach that explicitly tracks forest age and generates rotation ages for forest harvest that are responsive to changes in wood prices, changes in forest age and regional preferences for forest rotation. Furthermore, the forest sector in GCAM competes for investment with other land use types in the future years based on expected profit. Our baseline scenario results indicate that with the new forest harvest model, the current global wood product demand in GCAM can be met with minimal loss of old growth forest through the age-based harvest decisions. We find that economic pressure for deforestation and consequent loss of forest carbon is a bigger driver of global forest change than wood harvests, especially in developing regions. Under alternative scenarios where an economic value is placed on carbon across the terrestrial and energy systems, while there is an increase in forest plantations, there can be corresponding decreases in forest cover in some regions as forest land competes with land for bio-energy crops. When the carbon in forests is assigned a price, we find that the average rotation age for wood harvests can be reduced across regions to harvest forests in a more carbon efficient manner.
Simulation of wetland distribution in the Yellow River Basin based on an improved Markov-FLUS model
Authors: Zhang Hanwen , Li Heying , Zhang Jianchen , Wang Jiayao , Wang Guangxia , Shan Yamin , Zheng Haohua
Published: August 2024

Wetlands, as a regulator of water cycle and balance, play a key role in preventing flood and drought disasters and protecting biodiversity. The Yellow River Basin is an important ecological barrier and economic zone in our country. By predicting the distribution of wetland landscape and evaluating its evolutionary characteristics, strategies for wetland conservation and utilization in the Yellow River Basin can be formulated. Future land use simulation model can not only simulate the change of multiple land use types, but also reflect the uncertainty of real land use change. In this study, the model was improved and used to predict future wetland changes in the Yellow River Basin. Using the wetland distribution data in 2000 as the initial data, and the wetland distribution data in 2015 as the validation data, setting the parameters according to the land use data of the Yellow River Basin from 1980 to 2000 and the wetland type transfer matrix, after verifying the applicability of the model, the spatial distribution pattern of wetlands in the Yellow River Basin in 2030 was simulated. This research shows that the cost matrix setting method based on the wetland transfer matrix can effectively avoid the errors caused by subjective judgment assignment. By 2030, the wetland distribution in the Yellow River Basin will remain stable, with marshes, paddy fields, and beaches as the main types, similar to 2015. Of all the regions in the Yellow River Basin, Zhengzhou had the highest rate of wetland loss, down 31.94%. On the contrary, Sanmenxia had the highest growth rate of 24.44%.
Investigation of properties of SCC with perlite as a partial replacement of coarse and fine aggregate
Authors: Naeem Baraa Qays , Awad Hadeel Khalid
Published: August 2024

Self-compacted concrete, is an extremely flowable concrete that can spread readily into formwork without any void and solidify without showing signs of bleeding or segregation when there is no vibration. The effects of using Perlite material as a partial replacement of aggregate on the fresh and hardened characteristics of self-compacting concrete have been examined in this study. Perlite material, is alumino-siliceous amorphous volcanic material that occurs naturally and is derived from crude perlite rock is utilized in construction Its high porosity and low density make it a great option for a lightweight mineral filler in a variety of applications. In order to do this, the mixing procedures maintained at constant ratio of water to cement and super plasticizer, and perlite was substituted at varying volume percentage (20, 40, and 50) %. Concrete’s flow ability, passage ability, and resistance to separation were examined using performance tests such the V- funnel, Slump flow, L- box tests and Segregation Index. The findings revealed that when perlite was substituted for coarse aggregate and fine aggregate in the observe concrete, the workability reduced. This study has looked into the mechanical characteristics of hard self-compacting concrete as well. For this reason, a series of tests were conducted, including ones measuring thermal conductivity and density at 28 days. compressive, splitting, and flexural strength at ages 7, 28, and 56 days. By increasing the percentage of perlite the values of (compressive strength, flexural strength and splitting tensile strength) decreased significantly compared with reference mixture (0% perlite replacement). The highest decreased was at 50% perlite replacement of aggregate.
Simulation of flow characteristics in open channels with inflatable dam
Authors: Abdul Razzak Daher Saba , Mohammed Salih Ameen Ameen
Published: August 2024

Inflatable dams are structure cylindrical inflatable and deflated bile structures made of rubberized material placed on top of a rigid base and inflatable by air, water, or a combination of both. The present paper aims to measure the water surface elevation, and depth of flow in Shatt Al Ibrahim and comparison with design depth and study the flow state according to design discharge and also according to scarce discharge. The study effect of the height of the dam filled with water on upstream and downstream water depth and analyzed numerically by using HEC-RAS program one–one-dimensional flow in two states, steady flow and unsteady flow under different variables such as changing of discharge. Good results were obtained in two flow states. The results show that the proper solution for maintaining the required water levels is to construct inflatable dams, due to lower construction and maintenance costs, easy and simple of operation, simple and easy to inflate and deflate quickly to prevent upstream flooding. The results of the current study indicated an increase in the water surface height (WS) and water depth (Wd) across the channel after the implementation of inflatable dams compared to natural conditions. Specifically, the data indicate a significant increase in (WS) and (Wd) at “station 52”, where (WS) increased by 0.45 m with a 0.5 m dam and 1.43 m with a 1.5 m dam compared to the basic scenario. This confirms the adaptability of inflatable dams in adapting water levels to real-time requirements, underscoring their potential as a cost-effective solution to mitigate upstream floods and improve water resource management practices.
A Comprehensive Assessment of Sediment Transport in Greater-Zab River, Iraq
Authors: Hashim Hussein Ameer , Attaee Muammar H.
Published: August 2024

The requirement for efficient management of natural resources has recently risen. Consequently, the requirements for a hydrological analysis study is a crucial instrument for managing watershed natural resources-means the region of interest must be thoroughly investigated and evaluated. This study employs morphometric analysis to examine the Greater-Zab watershed in the northeastern part of Iraq. The Greater-Zab River serves as the case study because no sediment observations have been made there at all. Prior investigations have been conducted to gather data on the soil composition and anticipated hydraulic parameters at Km. 73.000 of the Basin, specifically upstream of Ninawa Governorate. These investigations were carried out in relation to the design discharge of 330 m3/s. The main goal of this research is to employ various widely-used methodologies globally to assess an alluvial channel’s capacity to carry the entire bed-material load, using the Greater-Zab River Basin as a case study. There were five different formulas that were utilised in order to get an estimate of the bed’s material load. Larsen’s Observational Methodology [LOM], Karim and Kennedy’s Regression Method [KKRM], Engelund and Hansen’s Stream Power Technique [EHSPT], Akers and White Stream Power Technique [AWSPT], and Yang Stream Power Technique with Dimensionless [YSPTD] are the names of these studies. Taking into account Yang’s 1973 ruling, the study found that 1)The anticipated bed-material load at the site under consideration is roughly (205000 m3/Year); 2) Variations in the outcomes of various formulas used to anticipate the amount of sediment in rivers by a certain factor are expected; and 3) It is crucial to measure the amount of sediment load in significant areas, such as those that support property and life in a major metropolis (as in the case study).
Repairing of Reinforced Concrete T- section Beam with Web Opening Subjected to Torque by Using Ultra- High Performance concrete (UHPC)
Authors: Salman Hawas Shatha , Hasan Ali Al-Salim Nabeel
Published: August 2024

Due to harsh weather factors, overloading, poor design, and material defects, reinforced concrete (RC) constructions’ early degradation has grown significantly over the last few decades. RC element repair is crucial to improving existing structures’ service life. Also, the transverse openings are frequently utilized in beams in modern structures to supply the service pipes. Because stresses are concentrated in a limited region above and below the opening, the presence of openings in concrete beams causes cracks to grow around the openings. Repairing, maintaining, and upgrading structural elements may be among the most important issues in civil engineering applications. This paper studies the effect of the presence of an opening and repairing of reinforced concrete T-section beam with web opening was subjected to torsion by using ultra-high performance concrete panels with a thickness of 20mm; The experimental work included casting seven beams: one beam without an opening and another beam with an opening, and five rest beams were repaired with UHPC panels in different locations. The results show the effect of an opening by decreasing the ultimate torque and increasing the ultimate angle of twist. The increase in ultimate torque for repairing beams compared to the control beam reached 153%, and a decrease in ultimate twist angle for repairing beams compared to the control beam reached 98%.
Simplified Approach for Determining Buckling Load in Portal Frames: Elastic Stability Analysis
Authors: Abbas Maher K. , Naser Zahraa A. , Abdulabbas Ali I. , Alwash Nameer A.
Published: August 2024

The stability of portal frames is a critical aspect of structural engineering, significantly influencing their safety and performance. It refers to their ability to resist buckling or collapse under compressive forces, ensuring structural integrity and safety under various loading conditions. This study aims to provide design charts, created from closed-form solutions, on the probability of forming four different failure modes depending upon stiffness and axial load ratios. These charts provide a simplified and efficient method for quickly and easily assessing the elastic stability of a portal frame without the need for complex analyses or numerical simulations. The results indicate that in most cases, the governing failure mode is the sway-without-shear mode. However, upon further analysis, it is found that when the stiffness ratio (EI2/EI1) exceeds 2 and the force ratio (P2/P1) exceeds 1.33, the observed failure mode typically shifts to the symmetrical failure mode. Moreover, of the concluded results, the study discloses that the stiffer the beam, the higher the critical load ratio, and subsequently, the higher the buckling load. This is due to the fact that the beam behaves more like a rigid element, which prevents joint rotation, as in the fixed-end condition.
Inhomogeneous deformation in melt-pool structure of Al-Fe-Cu alloy manufactured by laser powder bed fusion
Authors: Cheng Y , Otani Y , Takata N , Suzuki A , Kobashi M , Kato M
Published: August 2024

The laser powder bed fusion (L-PBF) processed Al–2.5Fe–2Cu (mass%) alloy exhibited a high tensile strength above 340 MPa and pronounced directional dependence. The sample exhibited a characteristic inhomogeneous microstructure (in melt-pool structure) arising from the local melting and rapid solidification in the L-PBF process. The coarsened cellular structure localized along the melt pool boundary resulted in the local soft regions affected by the melt pool structure. The local vulnerability contributed to the direction dependence of the tensile ductility of the specimen.
Neutron diffraction analysis of microstructural evolution and mechanical behavior in an additively manufactured multiphase alloy
Authors: Yamanaka K , Mori M , Onuki Y , Sato S
Published: August 2024

Additive manufacturing (AM) involves an unprecedented thermal history during solidification and post-melt high-temperature exposure, leading to unique microstructural evolution. In this study, we employed neutron-diffraction-based microstructural analysis to better understand the microstructural evolution and mechanical behavior of AM alloys, with a particular focus on multiphase alloys. Samples of Ti−6Al−4V alloy used as a model material were prepared using electron beam powder bed fusion (EB-PBF) under varying building conditions. Time-of-flight neutron diffraction (TOF-ND) measurements were performed using an iMATERIA (BL20), J-PARC, Japan. Using Rietveld texture analysis (RTA), we revealed the textural evolution during hierarchical microstructural development from solidification to solid-state phase transformations in the EB-PBF process. The effects of building conditions on the textures in the as-built states and their evolution during subsequent tensile loading were analyzed.
Microstructural characterization of AISI 440C stainless tool steel fabricated by laser powder bed fusion
Authors: Pan Z , Zhang Y , Defer M , Xiao X , Juul Jensen D , Nadimpalli V K
Published: August 2024

The microstructure of a stainless tool steel AISI 440C fabricated by laser powder bed fusion (L-PBF) without pre-heating of the build plate was characterized by multi-scale experimental methods. In combination with thermodynamic calculations, the solidification and cooling-down procedures were analyzed with the intention to understand the cracking behavior of high carbon tool steels processed by L-PBF. The results showed a fully austenitic structure in the as-built sample with sub-micro cellular structures and nano-sized carbides decorating the cell walls. Significant segregation exists merely at the intersection of cell walls while it is absent along high angle grain boundaries. Factors contributing to crack-free AISI 440C are discussed, providing guidelines for future L-PBF fabrication of high-carbon tool steels.
Mathematical softgauges for material ratio parameters
Authors: Blateyron François , Breton Stéphane
Published: August 2024

Editors of surface texture analysis software need to validate their parameter calculations, ideally in an implementation-independent way. Today, there is no universal reference method for validating parameter compliance and more specifically with regard to material ratio parameters, Rk parameters, and volume parameters that are based on the Abbott curve. Several years ago, at Digital Surf, we developed parameter validation methods that are based on mathematics. A mathematical softgauge, defined by an equation, is injected through the mathematical parameter definition, to obtain a mathematical true value of the parameter value. In a parallel path, a discrete softgauge, derived from the mathematical softgauge, is injected through an algorithm and the resulting value is compared to the approximated true value. This method makes it possible to check the accuracy of an algorithm for calculating a particular parameter. For this study, two families of mathematical softgauges were specifically designed to test material ratio parameters. More precisely, the two main goals of this study are, (1) to advocate an algorithm validation approach that is independent from any software implementation, and (2) to obtain true values for all parameters based on the Abbott curve.
Thermodynamic sensing of quantum nonlinear noise correlations
Authors: Meher Nilakantha , Opatrný Tomáš , Kurizki Gershon
Published: August 2024

We put forth the concept of quantum noise sensing in nonlinear two-mode interferometers coupled to mechanical oscillators. These autonomous machines are capable of sensing quantum nonlinear correlations of two-mode noisy fields via their thermodynamic variable of extractable work, alias work capacity (WC) or ergotropy. The fields are formed by thermal noise input via its interaction with multi-level systems inside the interferometer. Such interactions amount to the generation of two-mode quantum nonlinear gauge fields that may be partly unknown. We show that by monitoring a mechanical oscillator coupled to the interferometer, one can sense the WC of one of the output field modes and thereby reveal the quantum nonlinear correlations of the field. The proposed quantum sensing method can provide an alternative to quantum multiport interferometry where the output field is unraveled by tomography. This method may advance the simulation and control of multimode quantum nonlinear gauge fields.
Experiment study on temporal stability of soil moisture content in ecological slopes under different vegetation covers
Authors: Luo Xiaoxue , Zhou Xinlong , Xiao Henglin , Ma Qiang , Yang Yutian , Hu Kaimeng
Published: August 2024

Temporal stability of soil moisture distribution is crucial to revealing the hydrological process of slope, but rarely accounted for during ecological restoration for engineering slopes. In this study, the effects of ecological restoration with different vegetations on soil moisture distribution were assessed by introducing temporal stability analysis. First, the ecological model slopes with grass and shrub covers were constructed to explore soil moisture distribution at the depth of 0 ∼ 100 cm. Then the spatial variability and correlation of soil moisture in ecological slope were analyzed. The similarity of the spatial distribution patterns among different periods were explored by temporal stability indices. Finally, the representative locations of soil moisture for each ecological slope were obtained and discussed. The results showed that soil moisture distribution was largely influenced by vegetation and rainfall. The similarity of spatial distribution patterns in ecological slopes with different vegetations differed from each other. Due to the difference in hydrological effects. The spatial distribution of soil moisture in slope was less similar in time under Cynodon dactylon cover, while it was better under Multiflora magnolia. Based on relative difference and time stability index, most of best representative locations were distributed at the top of the slope, followed by the middle of the slope. The study provides a theoretical basis for the rational monitoring point design of soil moisture content and a guide for the ecological restoration of engineering slopes.
Design, modeling and control of high-bandwidth nano-positioning stages for ultra-precise measurement and manufacturing: a survey
Authors: Huang Wei-Wei , Wang Xiangyuan , Meng Yixuan , Li Linlin , Zhang Xinquan , Ren Mingjun , Zhu Li-Min
Published: August 2024

High-bandwidth nano-positioning stages (NPSs) have boosted the advancement of modern ultra-precise, ultra-fast measurement and manufacturing technologies owing to their fast dynamic response, high stiffness and nanoscale resolution. However, the nonlinear actuation, lightly damped resonance and multi-axis cross-coupling effect bring significant challenges to the design, modeling and control of high-bandwidth NPSs. Consequently, numerous advanced works have been reported over the past decades to address these challenges. Here, this article provides a comprehensive review of high-bandwidth NPSs, which covers four representative aspects including mechanical design, system modeling, parameters optimization and high-bandwidth motion control. Besides, representative high-bandwidth NPSs applied to atomic force microscope and fast tool servo are highlighted. By providing an extensive overview of the design procedure for high-bandwidth NPSs, this review aims to offer a systemic solution for achieving operation with high speed, high accuracy and high resolution. Furthermore, remaining difficulties along with future developments in this fields are concluded and discussed.
Generalizability of anti–SARS-CoV-2 seroprevalence estimates to the Montréal pediatric population: a comparison between 2 weighting methods
Authors: Saucier Adrien , Nasri Bouchra , McKinnon Britt , Carabali Mabel , Pierce Laura , Charland Katia , Zinszer Kate
Published: August 2024

Seroprevalence studies of SARS-CoV-2 infections often have been based on study populations with nonrandom and nonrepresentative samples, limiting the generalizability of their results. In this study, the representativity and the generalizability of the baseline estimate (data collected from October 16, 2020, to April 18, 2021) of a pediatric seroprevalence study based in Montréal were investigated. The change in the estimates of seroprevalence were compared between 2 different weighting methods: marginal standardization and raking. The target population was the general pediatric population of Montréal, based on 2016 Canadian census data. Study results show variation across the multiple weighting scenarios. Although both weighting methods performed similarly, each possesses its own strengths and weaknesses. However, raking was preferred for its capacity to simultaneously weight for multiple underrepresented study population characteristics.
Progressive Originalism and the New Canon Wars
Authors: Khan Almas
Published: August 2024

This essay responds to Geoffrey Kirsch’s review essay “What’s Past is Prologue: Democracy in the Age of Originalism” by evaluating how the three texts Kirsch reviews—Kermit Roosevelt, III’s The Nation That Never Was: Reconstructing America’s Story (2022), Cass R. Sunstein’s How to Interpret the Constitution (2023), and D. Berton Emerson and Gregory Laski’s edited collection Democracies in America: Keywords for the Nineteenth Century and Today (2023)—engage with progressive originalism. Drawing inspiration from civil rights activists including Frederick Douglass, progressive originalists seek to recast an ostensibly conservative method of constitutional interpretation grounded in what the “founding fathers” or a historical public thought or intended. Roosevelt’s and Sunstein’s books reveal the potential and limits of both progressive originalism and insular disciplinary conversations about constitutional interpretation. Contrastingly, the multidisciplinary Democracies in America has a more expansive conception of whose voices should matter when interpreting the Constitution through a progressive originalist lens. A comparative analysis of the three books also demonstrates the value of literature and literary historians in an age characterized by the ascendancy of historical approaches to constitutional interpretation and a revival of the “canon wars.”
Preoperative Patient Guidance and Education in Aesthetic Breast Plastic Surgery: A Novel Proposed Application of Artificial Intelligence Large Language Models
Authors: Abi-Rafeh Jad , Bassiri-Tehrani Brian , Kazan Roy , Furnas Heather , Hammond Dennis , Adams William P , Nahai Foad
Published: August 2024

Background

At a time when Internet and social media use is omnipresent among patients in their self-directed research about their medical or surgical needs, artificial intelligence (AI) large language models (LLMs) are on track to represent hallmark resources in this context.

Objectives

The authors aim to explore and assess the performance of a novel AI LLM in answering questions posed by simulated patients interested in aesthetic breast plastic surgery procedures.

Methods

A publicly available AI LLM was queried using simulated interactions from the perspective of patients interested in breast augmentation, mastopexy, and breast reduction. Questions posed were standardized and categorized under aesthetic needs inquiries and awareness of appropriate procedures; patient candidacy and indications; procedure safety and risks; procedure information, steps, and techniques; patient assessment; preparation for surgery; postprocedure instructions and recovery; and procedure cost and surgeon recommendations. Using standardized Likert scales ranging from 1 to 10, 4 expert breast plastic surgeons evaluated responses provided by AI. A postparticipation survey assessed expert evaluators' experience with LLM technology, perceived utility, and limitations.

Results

The overall performance across all question categories, assessment criteria, and procedures examined was 7.3/10 ± 0.5. Overall accuracy of information shared was scored at 7.1/10 ± 0.5; comprehensiveness at 7.0/10 ± 0.6; objectivity at 7.5/10 ± 0.4; safety at 7.5/10 ± 0.4; communication clarity at 7.3/10 ± 0.2; and acknowledgment of limitations at 7.7/10 ± 0.2. With regards to performance on procedures examined, the model's overall score was 7.0/10 ± 0.8 for breast augmentation; 7.6/10 ± 0.5 for mastopexy; and 7.4/10 ± 0.5 for breast reduction. The score on breast implant–specific knowledge was 6.7/10 ± 0.6.

Conclusions

Albeit not without limitations, AI LLMs represent promising resources for patient guidance and patient education. The technology's machine learning capabilities may explain its improved performance efficiency.

Level of Evidence: 4
Localised waste reduction networks, global destruction networks and the circular economy
Authors: Bryson John R , Herod Andrew , Johns Jennifer , Vanchan Vida
Published: August 2024

Creating a circular economy (CE) is considered central to solving problems like climate change and resource depletion. In this context, the concept of global destruction networks was developed to better theorise using waste in new production. However, CE advocates also seek to avoid waste production by extending products’ lives. These efforts occur within what we term waste reduction networks. Examining how these two sets of networks intersect allows a fuller understanding of the CE’s emergent geographies. We analyse 17 European and US clothing firms focussed on value creation through waste minimisation to illustrate our argument.
Therapeutic targets in membranous nephropathy: plasma cells and complement
Authors: Tomas Nicola M
Published: August 2024

Membranous nephropathy (MN) is an antibody-mediated autoimmune disease and the most common cause of nephrotic syndrome in adults. The discovery of phospholipase A2 receptor 1 (PLA2R1) as the first target antigen in patients with MN 15 years ago has led to a paradigm shift in the pathobiological understanding of this disease. Autoantibodies against PLA2R1 as well as thrombospondin type-1 domain-containing 7A, the second identified antigen in adults, were shown to be disease-causing and act through local activation of the complement system, primarily via the classical and lectin pathways. These findings indicate that both plasma cells, the main source of antibodies and autoantibodies, as well as the complement system, the main pathogenic effector mechanism in MN, are rational and pathogenesis-based treatment targets in MN. This review summarizes pathomechanistic and clinical evidence for and against plasma cell– and complement-targeted treatments in MN.
A fiery heart: case report of perimyocarditis in a patient with eosinophilic granulomatosis with polyangiitis
Authors: Park Dae Yong , Planek Maria Isabel , Mohammed Abdul Khayyam , Nanna Michael G , Alyousef Tareq
Published: August 2024

Background

Eosinophilic granulomatosis with polyangiitis (EGPA) is a rare disease caused by small- to medium-sized vessel vasculitis which can also impact the heart. Because of its rarity and diverse clinical manifestations, diagnosis can be challenging. Here, we present a unique case of EGPA causing perimyocarditis in a young female patient.

Case summary

A 37-year-old woman with hypertension, asthma, and sickle cell trait presented with palpitations, dyspnoea, and sharp chest pain. White blood cell was elevated to 16 300/μL with peripheral eosinophilia at 5216/μL. Electrocardiogram revealed sinus tachycardia with frequent non-sustained ventricular tachycardia. Echocardiogram showed an ejection fraction of 20–25% with severe diffuse hypokinesis and dilated cardiac chambers. Coronary angiogram was normal. Cardiac magnetic resonance imaging revealed focal subendocardial late gadolinium enhancement (LGE) of the septum and subepicardial LGE of the basal anterolateral wall of the left ventricle. Further work-up showed elevated Immunoglobulin E level, left antrochoanal polyp, and ground glass opacities in the left upper lobe. Endomyocardial biopsy showed interstitial infiltrates of eosinophils with sporadic necrosis, confirming the diagnosis of EGPA perimyocarditis. The patient was treated with prednisone, colchicine, and guideline-directed medical therapy.

Discussion

This case report describes an unusual cause of perimyocarditis. Keeping a broad differential is important as diagnosis is challenging, and cardiac involvement in EGPA is associated with higher morbidity and mortality. Recognizing the typical manifestations of EGPA, implementing multidisciplinary approach, and promptly initiating appropriate treatment are crucial for the optimal management of EGPA perimyocarditis.
The optimal degree of core temperature for hypothermic circulatory arrest in complex aortic arch surgery: results from 1310 patients
Authors: Zhang Kai , Zhou Chenyu , Gao Shiqi , Ji Yumeng , Qiu Jiawei , Cao Fangfang , Qiu Juntao , Yu Cuntao
Published: August 2024

OBJECTIVES

The optimal core temperature for hypothermic circulatory arrest during aortic arch surgery remains contentious. This study aims to evaluate patient outcomes under various temperatures within a large single-centre cohort.

METHODS

Between 2010 and 2018, patients diagnosed with type A aortic dissection underwent total arch replacement at Fuwai Hospital were enrolled. They were categorized into 4 groups: deep hypothermia group, low-moderate hypothermia group, high-moderate hypothermia group and mild hypothermia group. Clinical data were analysed to ascertain differences between the groups.

RESULTS

A total of 1310 patients were included in this cohort. Operative mortality stood at 6.9% (90/1310), with a higher incidence observed in the deep hypothermia group [29 (12.9%); 35 (6.9%); 21 (4.8%); 5 (3.4%); all adjusted P < 0.05]. Overall 10-year survival was 80.3%. Long-term outcomes did not significantly differ among the groups. Multivariable logistic analysis revealed a protective effect of higher core temperature on operative mortality (odds ratio 0.848, 95% confidence interval 0.766–0.939; P = 0.001). High-moderate hypothermia emerged as an independent protective factor for operative mortality (odds ratio 0.303, 95% confidence interval 0.126–0.727; P = 0.007). Multivariable Cox analysis did not detect an effect of hypothermic circulatory arrest on long-term survival (all P > 0.05).

CONCLUSIONS

High-moderate hypothermia (24.1–28°C) offers the most effective protection against surgical mortality and is therefore recommended. Different hypothermic circulatory arrest temperatures do not influence long-term survival or quality of life.
K-Unstable Singular del Pezzo Surfaces Without Anticanonical Polar Cylinder
Authors: Kim In-Kyun , Kim Jaehyun , Won Joonyeong
Published: August 2024

We prove the existence of singular del Pezzo surfaces that are neither K-semistable nor contain any anticanonical polar cylinder.
Molecular phylogeny of old-world Dryopoidea beetles (Coleoptera: Polyphaga: Elateriformia) based on ultraconserved elements of DNA sequence data from Japanese taxa
Authors: Hayashi Masakazu , Kobayashi Takuya , Yoshitomi Hiroyuki , Sota Teiji
Published: August 2024

The superfamily Dryopoidea is a diverse group of beetles with a mixture of aquatic, semiaquatic, and terrestrial life histories. These beetles exhibit remarkable morphological diversity, particularly in the larval stages, which is likely associated with their repeated adaptation to aquatic habitats. The phylogenetic relationships among Dryopoidea families and subfamilies are controversial, as phylogenetic analyses based on morphology have failed to propose robust and consistent hypotheses. However, recent molecular phylogenetic studies have provided better resolution for the interfamilial relationships and suggested the non-monophyly of a few families. In this study, we conducted phylogenetic analyses of Dryopoidea obtained in Japan along with other groups in the Elateriformia (Byrrhoidea, Dascilloidea, Buprestoidea, and Elateroidea) using sequence data from ultraconserved elements with the maximum-likelihood method and species-tree analysis based on a multispecies coalescent model. Our results show that Dryopoidea is a monophyletic group, not sister to Byrrhoidea. In Dryopoidea, Dryopidae is sister to all other groups, and Psephenidae and Ptilodactylidae are not monophyletic groups. In Psephenidae, Eubrianacinae has clearly diverged from the other subfamilies (Psepheninae, Psephenoidinae, and Eubriinae) and is closely related to Callirhipidae; in Ptilodactylidae, Cladotominae is related to Psephenidae (except Eubrianacinae) + Chelonariidae and separated from the other Ptilodactylidae subfamilies (Anchytarsinae and Ptilodactylinae). Although ML analyses indicated paraphyly of subfamilies in Limnichidae and Psephenidae (except Eubrianacinae), this was resolved in species tree analysis. Our results show that Eubrianacinae and Cladotominae are clearly distinct groups with different origins from other subfamilies of the respective families and can be separated as independent families.
Generalizable clinical note section identification with large language models
Authors: Zhou Weipeng , Miller Timothy A
Published: August 2024

Objectives

Clinical note section identification helps locate relevant information and could be beneficial for downstream tasks such as named entity recognition. However, the traditional supervised methods suffer from transferability issues. This study proposes a new framework for using large language models (LLMs) for section identification to overcome the limitations.

Materials and Methods

We framed section identification as question-answering and provided the section definitions in free-text. We evaluated multiple LLMs off-the-shelf without any training. We also fine-tune our LLMs to investigate how the size and the specificity of the fine-tuning dataset impacts model performance.

Results

GPT4 achieved the highest F1 score of 0.77. The best open-source model (Tulu2-70b) achieved 0.64 and is on par with GPT3.5 (ChatGPT). GPT4 is also found to obtain F1 scores greater than 0.9 for 9 out of the 27 (33%) section types and greater than 0.8 for 15 out of 27 (56%) section types. For our fine-tuned models, we found they plateaued with an increasing size of the general domain dataset. We also found that adding a reasonable amount of section identification examples is beneficial.

Discussion

These results indicate that GPT4 is nearly production-ready for section identification, and seemingly contains both knowledge of note structure and the ability to follow complex instructions, and the best current open-source LLM is catching up.

Conclusion

Our study shows that LLMs are promising for generalizable clinical note section identification. They have the potential to be further improved by adding section identification examples to the fine-tuning dataset.
Common consumer residual insecticides lack efficacy against insecticide-susceptible and resistant populations of the German cockroach (Blattodea: Ectobiidae)
Authors: Gordon Johnalyn M , Eva Marla J , Gaire Sudip , Appel Arthur G , DeVries Zachary C
Published: August 2024

The German cockroach, Blattella germanica (L.) (Blattodea: Ectobiidae), is a ubiquitous pest in affordable housing. They represent a major threat to human health due to their contribution of asthma-exacerbating allergens and the potential to transfer pathogenic microorganisms indoors. Despite well-documented pyrethroid resistance, pyrethroid-based broadcast residual insecticide products are often used by residents to control cockroaches in their homes. Additionally, there is little empirical independent testing of these products. Thus, it remains unclear how effective these commonly used do-it-yourself products are at controlling German cockroaches. This study represents a comprehensive examination of the efficacy of these products with direct, limited, and continuous exposure assays on a variety of common household surfaces on field populations of cockroaches with varying levels of pyrethroid resistance. While most products performed well when applied directly to test insects, mortality was substantially lower across all surfaces with limited exposure (30 min). In continuous exposure assays on a nonporous surface, products took at least 24 hr to cause 100% mortality in a field population, with some products taking up to 5 d to achieve 100% mortality. The findings of this study demonstrate a lack of residual efficacy from common pyrethroid-based consumer-use pesticides products. Given that it is not feasible to find and treat every cockroach in a home directly, the residuality of spray-based formulations is critical for products designed to control German cockroaches. Without residual efficacy, as shown in the consumer aerosol and spray products tested, we expect these products to add little to no value to cockroach control.