bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
SMART-B (Satuan Masyarakat Siaga Bencana) : Peningkatan Kapasitas Masyarakat Dalam Kesiapsiagaan Bencana Berbasis Kelompok yang Partisipatif di Desa Biau Kecamatan Biau
Authors: Pomalango Zulkifli B. , Daud Mohd. Abd. Tison , Nabila Denadi Nur , Durahim Agustina , Lamangida Nova Novianti , Gani Febriasyah M. , Mohammad Nur Hayati , Lasimpala Vidya A. , Ali Zihan Pratiwi , Hunta Fairuz Adilisty , Sahrain Patmawati , Latief Alfina , Kattang Giselia R. , Rahman Sri Ilvana , Djalil Siti Fajrin
Published: March 2024

Bencana merupakan serangkaian peristiwa yang dapat mengancam dan mengganggu kehidupan masyarakat yang disebabkan oleh faktor alam, non alam, dan sosial yang bisa mengakibatkan adanya korban jiwa manusia, kerugian harta benda, kerusakan lingkungan, serta dampak terhadap psikologis, salah satunya adalah bencana banjir. Bencana Banjir hampir terjadi di seluruh wilayah yang ada di Indonesia, salah satunya di wilayah Gorontalo bagian Utara tepatnya di Desa Biau Kecamatan Biau. Oleh karena itu, diperlukan suatu kegiatan pengabdian untuk memberdayakan masyarakat. Pelaksanaan kegiatan pengabdian masyarakat yang dilakukan oleh Tim PPK Ormawa EDN bertujuan untuk meningkatkan kapasitas dan kesiapsiagaan masyarakat dalam menghadapi bencana yang berbasis kelompok masyarakat yang partisipatif dengan harapan agar masyarakat dapat mempersiapkan dirinya dalam menghadapi bencana melalui bekal pengetahuan dan pelatihan skil yang didapatkan dari berbagai program yang telah dilaksanakan. Adapun pendekatan yang digunakan dalam melaksanakan beberapa kegiatan tersebut melalui FGD (Focus Group Discussion). Selain itu, ada beberapa metode yang digunakan yakni melalui metode ceramah, diskusi, demonstrasi, latihan praktik serta kerja lapangan. Manfaat yang didapatkan dari pengabdian yang dilakukan adalah meningkatnya kapasitas masyarakat dalam penanggulangan bencana banjir secara mandiri yang dapat dilakukan oleh masyarakat desa. Dampak dari kegiatan pengabdian ini adalah meningkatnya kemauan dan kemampuan masyarakat dalam penanggulangan bencana banjir di desa Biau kecamatan Biau
Morphogenesis of Hollow Bulbous Gypsum Structures Along a Brine Spring in Northeast Alberta
Authors: Broughton Paul L.
Published: March 2024

The stromatolite tufa mound at La Saline Lake developed along the Athabasca River Valley in northeast Alberta consists of a 30 m-high structure with a multi-meter thick caprock of stratified gypsum. The gypsum caprock developed when the meteoric-charged groundwater channeled along shallowly buried Upper Devonian limestone was redirected deeper and encountered anhydrite beds of the Middle Devonian Prairie Evaporite Formation, only 175–200 m below. Discharge of the sulfate-saturated brine from the central vent of the gypsum caprock eventually ceased and the flow was redirected to the western lakefront bank of the tufa mound. This active brine spring, characterized by total dissolved solids level of ∼79,000 mg/L, is channeled along a 25 m gully toward La Saline Lake. The bottom sediment in each of the interconnected brine pools along the gully consists of a 2–4 cm-thick calcite-gypsum thrombolite and an overlying gypsum crust. This sulfate crust developed as densely packed arrays of hollow botryoidal to hemispheroidal and bulbous gypsum protuberances, each 0.5–1.5 cm long, that extend upward into the brine. This is the first documented example of bulbous protuberances of gypsum that developed within brine pools with hollow interiors. The unusual hollowness of these bulbous gypsum protuberances resulted from the rapid encasement of gas bubbles that ascended from the underlying thrombolite ooze and were trapped within the overlying microbial mats and meshwork of gypsum crystallites on the surface of the bottom pool sediment. Nanoscale biomineralization of gypsum developed along the parallel arrays of microbial stalks within the enveloping mat, resulting in a meshwork of parallel aligned crystallites that encased the surfaces of the trapped bubbles. Continued abiotic gypsum precipitation transitioned the abiotic crystallites into enlarged needle-form crystallites distributed as parallel arrays along curvilinear growth surface laminae. Sufficient rigidity on the bubble surfaces precluded implosion-collapse or detachment. Strontium adsorption widely stabilized the acicular crystals, inhibiting complete coalescence as gypsum spar.
Tectono-Metamorphic Evolution of the Cretaceous Kluane Schist, Southwest Yukon
Authors: Mckenzie Will. F. , Gibson H. Daniel , Dyck Brendan , Steele-Macinnis Matthew
Published: March 2024

A wealth of information regarding the Mesozoic evolution of the Northern Canadian and Alaskan Cordillera is held within a series of variably metamorphosed and deformed rocks that formed in Jura-Cretaceous basins. Located at the interface between the pericratonic Intermontane and exotic Insular terranes, these basinal rocks are key to understanding the timing and tectonic style of Insular terrane accretion, a topic of longstanding debate. This study unravels the structural and metamorphic evolution of one of these basins, the Kluane Basin, within southwest Yukon Territory.

The Kluane Schist is the primary assemblage of the Kluane Basin. It consists of metamorphosed and deformed low-Al pelites that were intruded by granodioritic plutons of the Paleocene Ruby Range batholith. Previous workers have suggested the variable metamorphic character of the Kluane Schist represents an extensive and static thermal aureole related to Ruby Range batholith emplacement. Our work, however, indicates that the Kluane Schist experienced Buchan-style metamorphism coeval with protracted deformation and can be divided into seven distinct petrologic zones, which, based on their unique combination of mineral assemblage and structure, are incompatible with static thermal metamorphism. Instead, we propose the Kluane Schist experienced two distinct metamorphic phases: (1) an early greenschist-facies phase that resulted in the development of a bedding-parallel chlorite-muscovite-titanite fabric, preserved by its lowest-grade units, and (2) a later amphibolite-facies phase that manifests as the progressive transposition of the earlier chlorite-muscovite-titanite fabric into a penetrative biotite-rich schistosity that transitions upgrade into a segregated gneissic fabric comprised of biotite-cordierite and plagioclase-quartz (± sillimanite-K-feldspar-melt).

By integrating the results of detailed petrography and petrological modeling, we demonstrate that the second main metamorphic phase experienced by the Kluane Schist preserves a record of pressures and temperatures that align with other Buchan-style terranes worldwide. Our data defines a field gradient across the Kluane Schist ranging from 3.0–3.5 kbar at 375–400 °C to 4–4.5 kbar at 700–750 °C. This record of a coupled Buchan-style metamorphic-deformational evolution and tops-to-the SW non-coaxial shear structures is consistent with the override of the thermally mature Yukon-Tanana terrane as the principal driver of Kluane Schist metamorphism, with some limited heat likely contributed by the late-syn- to post-tectonic intrusion of the Ruby Range batholith.
Learning from Chernobyl: Reverse Colonialism and Feral Architectures
Authors: Frías-Sánchez Aitor , Perailes-Santiago Joaquín , Orap Elena , Jiménez López Diego
Published: March 2024

This article revolves around the concept of reverse colonialism and uses the fascinating example of Pripyat as a case study. Pripyat was deeply affected by the devastating Chornobyl nuclear accident in 1986. Following the disaster, the disappearance of its human inhabitants facilitated the transformation of this city into what the authors of this research refer to as anthropo-calyptic landscapes - scenarios where architectures abandoned by humans are colonized by what is known in the field of ecology as novel ecosystems. This process, which allows wild flora and fauna to conquer urban space, results in the emergence of feral architectures - abandoned buildings reclaimed by nature-. By exploring the process of reverse colonialism, the article critically delves into the concept of abiotic restoration, a conventional practice in abandoned architecture restoration projects.
Once Colonizing Territories: the Disputed Lands at the Portuguese Official Public Works Records
Authors: Pereira Henrique Sónia
Published: March 2024

Colonial archives congregate intricate webs of information and knowledge articulating numerous historical public and private services. What may represent a colonial public works archive? Are these archives solely collections of historical administrative documents? It seems that these archives can’t be merely the result of colonial administrative and bureaucratic procedures as they perform similarly to territory. Public works records testify to a dense landscape, summoning actors from numerous arenas – politicians, architects, engineers, entrepreneurs, and subalterns – with European uses, customs, and technology overseas. To provide answers to some interrogations surrounding disputed land, we will address Portuguese colonial Public Works records as references to the debate on colonizing territories.
SHAP value-based ERP analysis (SHERPA): Increasing the sensitivity of EEG signals with explainable AI methods
Authors: Sylvester Sophia , Sagehorn Merle , Gruber Thomas , Atzmueller Martin , Schöne Benjamin
Published: March 2024

Conventionally, event-related potential (ERP) analysis relies on the researcher to identify the sensors and time points where an effect is expected. However, this approach is prone to bias and may limit the ability to detect unexpected effects or to investigate the full range of the electroencephalography (EEG) signal. Data-driven approaches circumvent this limitation, however, the multiple comparison problem and the statistical correction thereof affect both the sensitivity and specificity of the analysis. In this study, we present SHERPA – a novel approach based on explainable artificial intelligence (XAI) designed to provide the researcher with a straightforward and objective method to find relevant latency ranges and electrodes. SHERPA is comprised of a convolutional neural network (CNN) for classifying the conditions of the experiment and SHapley Additive exPlanations (SHAP) as a post hoc explainer to identify the important temporal and spatial features. A classical EEG face perception experiment is employed to validate the approach by comparing it to the established researcher- and data-driven approaches. Likewise, SHERPA identified an occipital cluster close to the temporal coordinates for the N170 effect expected. Most importantly, SHERPA allows quantifying the relevance of an ERP for a psychological mechanism by calculating an ”importance score”. Hence, SHERPA suggests the presence of a negative selection process at the early and later stages of processing. In conclusion, our new method not only offers an analysis approach suitable in situations with limited prior knowledge of the effect in question but also an increased sensitivity capable of distinguishing neural processes with high precision.
Meningkatkan Minat Belajar Muatan IPA melalui Pendekatan Keterampilan Proses Siswa Sekolah Dasar
Authors: Novi Rahmadani  , Sumianto Sumianto , Rusdial Marta  , Nurhaswinda Nurhaswinda , Fadhilaturrahmi Fadhilaturrahmi
Published: March 2024

Pelaksanaan penelitian ini dilatarbelakangi rendahnya hasil minat belajar pada muatan IPA siswa kelas III SDN 003 koto perambahan. Tujuan penelitian untuk meningkatkan hasil minat belajar siswa pada muatan IPA di kelas III SDN 003 koto perambahan. Penelitian ini berbentuk penelitian tindakan kelas dengan subjek 22 orang siswa kelas III yang berlokasi di SDN 003 koto perambahan, kecamatan kampa, kabupaten kampar. Teknik pengumpulan data yang digunakan berupa lembar observasi guru dan siswa, dokumentasi sedangkan teknik analisis data penelitian ini adalah analisis data kuantitatif dan data kualitatif. Berdasarkan hasil penilaian minat belajar melalui keterampilan proses pada siklus I pertemuan 1 memperoleh rata-rata 71,75% pada kategori cukup berminat, pertemuan 2 meningkat menjadi 78,75% pada kategori berminat. Siklus II pertemuan 1 memperoleh rata-rata 85% pada kategori berminat, pertemuan 2 meningkat menjadi 87,75% pada kategori sangat berminat. Sedangkan hasil lembar aktifitas guru siklus I memperoleh 75,9% pada kategori cukup baik. Siklus II pertemuan memperoleht 93,1% pada kategori sangat baik. Sedangkan hasil lembar aktifitas siswa siklus I memperoleh 72,4% pada kategori cukup baik. Siklus II memperoleh 87,75% pada kategori sangat baik. Berdasarkan hasil analisis data dapat di simpulkan bahwa menggunakan pendekatan keterampilan proses dapat meningkatkan minat belajar siswa kelas III SDN 003 koto perambahan.
Evaluation of Land Cover Dynamics and Landscape Fragmentation in Ijebu Ode, Nigeria
Authors: Olayiwola Adewale , Salau Wakeel
Published: March 2024

Landscape fragmentation has been found to be a major consequence of urbanization and land use/cover (LULC) changes. Thus, this study analyzed the spatiotemporal land use/land cover changes in Ijebu Ode, Nigeria, between 1986 and 2021. This is with a view to assessing the pattern of landscape fragmentation in the study area. The study used data obtained through a Global Positioning System (GPS) receiver and satellite imagery (Landsat 5 MSS/TM, 1986; Landsat 7 ETM+, 2000 and 2014; and Landsat 8 OLI/TIR, 2021). The data were analyzed using spatial landscape metrics. Results indicated that Ijebu Ode has witnessed a dramatic increase in built-up areas between 1986 and 2000 by 11.03%, 2000 to 2014 (65.24%), and 2014 to 2021 by 131.25%. Expansion of the built-up area was aided by reductions in bare land (1986 to 2000, 15.78%; 2014 to 2021, 98.27%), and the cultivated area by 47.74% between 1986 and 2014. Landscape metrics were estimated over the four epochs of the study. The results revealed that most of the metrics suggest similar trends over the entire period of study. However, the Largest Patch Index (LPI), Landscape Shape Index (LSI) and Normalized Landscape Shape Index (NLSI) were useful in capturing the spatio-temporal variations in landscape transformation. Also, Class Area (CA) was useful to show the degree of land cover change. The study concluded that the location of spatial structures influenced the landscape patterns and urbanization processes in the study area. Hence, the study recommended regular monitoring of the expansion of the built-up area to check for imminent urban sprawl in the study area.
A Pan-STARRS1 Search for Planet Nine
Authors: Brown Michael E. , Holman Matthew J. , Batygin Konstantin
Published: March 2024

We present a search for Planet Nine using the second data release of the Pan-STARRS1 survey. We rule out the existence of a Planet Nine with the characteristics of that predicted in Brown & Batygin to a 50% completion depth of V = 21.5. This survey, along with previous analyses of the Zwicky Transient Facility and Dark Energy Survey data, rules out 78% of the Brown & Batygin parameter space. Much of the remaining parameter space is at V > 21 in regions near and in the area where the northern galactic plane crosses the ecliptic.
Local Proton Heating at Magnetic Discontinuities in Alfvénic and Non-Alfvénic Solar Wind
Authors: González C. A. , Verniero J. L. , Bandyopadhyay R. , Tenerani A.
Published: March 2024

We investigate the local proton energization at magnetic discontinuities/intermittent structures and the corresponding kinetic signatures in velocity phase space in Alfvénic (high cross helicity) and non-Alfvénic (low cross helicity) wind streams observed by Parker Solar Probe. By means of the partial variance of increments method, we find that the hottest proton populations are localized around compressible, coherent magnetic structures in both types of wind. Analysis of parallel and perpendicular temperature distributions suggest that the Alfvénic wind undergoes preferential enhancements of T
∥ at such structures, whereas the non-Alfvénic wind experiences preferential T
⊥ enhancements. Although proton beams are present in both types of wind, the proton velocity distribution function displays distinct features. Hot beams, i.e., beams with beam-to-core perpendicular temperature T
⊥,b
/T
⊥,c
up to three times larger than the total distribution anisotropy, are found in the non-Alfvénic wind, whereas colder beams are in the Alfvénic wind. Our data analysis is complemented by 2.5D hybrid simulations in different geometrical setups, which support the idea that proton beams in Alfvénic and non-Alfvénic wind have different kinetic properties and different origins. The development of a perpendicular nonlinear cascade, favored in balanced turbulence, allows a preferential relative enhancement of the perpendicular plasma temperature and the formation of hot beams. Cold field-aligned beams are instead favored by Alfvén wave steepening. Non-Maxwellian distribution functions are found near discontinuities and intermittent structures, pointing to the fact that the nonlinear formation of small-scale structures is intrinsically related to the development of highly nonthermal features in collisionless plasmas. Our results contribute to understanding the role of different coherent structures in proton energization and their implication in collisionless energy dissipation processes in space plasmas.
Flux Contribution and Geometry of Charge Exchange Emission in the Starburst Galaxy M82
Authors: Okon Hiromichi , Smith Randall K. , Picquenot Adrien , Foster Adam R.
Published: March 2024

Recent X-ray studies of starburst galaxies have found that charge exchange (CX) commonly occurs between outflowing hot plasma and cold gas, possibly from swept-up clouds. However, the total CX flux and the regions where CX occurs have been poorly understood. We present an analysis of XMM-Newton observations of M82, a prototype starburst galaxy, aiming to investigate these key properties of CX emission. We have used a blind source separation method in an image analysis of CCD data, which identified a component with the enhanced O–K lines expected from the CX process. Analyzing the XMM-Newton/RGS spectra from the regions identified by the image analysis, we have detected a high forbidden-to-resonance ratio of the O vii Heα triplet as well as several emission lines from K-shell transitions of C, N, and O that are enhanced by the CX process. CX is less responsible for the emission lines of Ne and Mg, and accurate estimation of the CX contribution is confirmed to be crucial in measuring chemical abundances. The temperature of the plasma acting as an electron receiver in the CX process is significantly lower compared to that of the plasma components responsible for most of the X-rays. From the low temperature and an estimation of the CX-emitting volume, we find that the CX primarily occurs in a limited region at interfaces between plasma and gas whose temperatures rapidly decrease due to thermal conduction.
Searching for Intermediate-mass Black Holes in Globular Clusters through Tidal Disruption Events
Authors: Tang Vivian L. , Madau Piero , Bortolas Elisa , Peng Eric W. , Feng Yuting , Guhathakurta Puragra
Published: March 2024

Intermediate-mass black holes (IMBHs) may be the link between stellar mass holes and the supermassive variety in the nuclei of galaxies, and globular clusters (GCs) may be one of the most promising environments for their formation. Here, we carry out a pilot study of the observability of tidal disruption events (TDEs) from 103
M
⊙ < M
• < 105
M
⊙ IMBHs embedded in stellar cusps at the center of GCs. We model the long super-Eddington accretion phase and ensuing optical flare, and derive the disruption rate of main-sequence stars as a function of black hole mass and GC properties with the help of a 1D Fokker–Planck approach. The photospheric emission of the adiabatically expanding outflow dominates the observable radiation and peaks in the near-ultraviolet/optical bands, outshining the brightness of the (old) stellar population of GCs in Virgo for a period of months to years. A search for TDE events in a sample of nearly 4000 GCs observed at multiple epochs by the Next Generation Virgo Cluster Survey yields null results. Given our model predictions, this sample is too small to set stringent constraints on the present-day occupation fraction of GCs hosting IMBHs. Naturally, better simulations of the properties of the cluster central stellar distribution, TDE light curves, and rates, together with larger surveys of GCs are all needed to gain deeper insights into the presence of IMBHs in GCs.
Rings, Shells, and Arc Structures Around B[e] Supergiants. I. Classical Tools of Nonlinear Hydrodynamics
Authors: Nickeler Dieter H. , Kraus Michaela
Published: March 2024

Structures in circumstellar matter reflect both fast processes and quasi-equilibrium states. A geometrical diversity of emitting circumstellar matter is observed around evolved massive stars, in particular around B[e] supergiants. We recapitulate classical analytical tools of linear and nonlinear potential theory, such as Cole–Hopf transformation and Grad–Shafranov theory, and develop them further to explain the occurrence of the circumstellar matter structures and their dynamics. We use potential theory to formulate the nonlinear hydrodynamical equations and test dilatations of the quasi-equilibrium initial conditions. We find that a wide range of flow patterns can basically be generated and the timescales can switch, based on initial conditions, and lead to eruptive processes, reinforcing that the nonlinear fluid environment includes both quasi-stationary structures and fast processes like finite-time singularities. Some constraints and imposed symmetries can lead to Keplerian orbits, while other constraints can deliver quasi-Keplerian ones. The threshold is given by a characteristic density at the stellar surface.
Triggering the Magnetopause Reconnection by Solar Wind Discontinuities
Authors: Lukin Alexander , Guo Zhifang , Lin Yu , Panov Evgeny , Artemyev Anton , Zhang Xiaojia , Petrukovich Anatoli
Published: March 2024

Magnetic reconnection is one of the most universal processes in space plasma that is responsible for charged particle acceleration and the mixing and heating of plasma populations. In this paper we consider a triggering process of reconnection that is driven by interaction of two discontinuities: solar wind rotational discontinuity and tangential discontinuity at Earth’s magnetospheric boundary, the magnetopause. Combining multispacecraft measurements and global hybrid simulations, we show that solar wind discontinuities may drive the magnetopause reconnection and cause the mixing of the solar wind and magnetosphere plasmas around the magnetopause, well downstream of the solar wind flow. Since large-amplitude discontinuities are frequently observed in the solar wind and predicted for various stellar winds, our results of reconnection driven by the discontinuity–discontinuity interaction may have a broad application beyond the magnetosphere.
Living with Neighbors. V. Better-aligned Spiral+Spiral Galaxy Pairs Show Stronger Star Formation
Authors: Zee Woong-Bae G. , Moon Jun-Sung , Paudel Sanjaya , Yoon Suk-Jin
Published: March 2024

Enhanced star formation (SF) with star-forming neighboring galaxies bolsters the hydrodynamical contributions during paired interactions. Although the relative spin orientation between interacting galaxies can influence this effect, it has not been comprehensively explored. In this study, utilizing a meticulously curated sample of nearby (0.02 < z < 0.06) spiral+spiral pairs and an isolated control sample from Sloan Digital Sky Survey Data Release 7, coupled with Galaxy Zoo 2, and an approach to estimate spin–spin alignment (SSA), we systematically compare the impact of relative orientation,

cos

ξ

, on interaction-induced SF. We reveal that SSA plays a pivotal role along with the conventionally recognized parameters of projected separation and SF of neighboring galaxies. Our results show an increase in SF augmentation as configurations transition from perpendicular (

cos

ξ
∼
0

) to well aligned (

cos

ξ
>
0.7

). This enhancement is especially pronounced when neighboring galaxies have higher SF, suggesting that hydrodynamical processes drive the effects of relative orientation. The heightened hydrodynamical friction, attributed to increased ram pressure and the propensity for prograde orbits in well-aligned pairs, is consistent with our findings.
Transverse Oscillation of Prominence and Filament Induced by an Extreme-ultraviolet Wave from the Far Side of the Sun
Authors: Zhang Yanjie , Zhang Qingmin , Song De-chao , Ji Haisheng
Published: March 2024

In this paper, we report our multi-angle observations of the transverse oscillation of a prominence and a filament induced by an EUV wave originating from the far side of the Sun on 2014 September 1. The prominence oscillation was simultaneously observed by both the Atmospheric Imaging Assembly on board the Solar Dynamics Observatory spacecraft and the Extreme-UltraViolet Imager on board the Behind Solar Terrestrial Relations Observatory spacecraft. The speed of the shock traveling in interplanetary space exceeds that of the EUV wave, and the coronal dimming area experiences minimal growth. This indicates that the shock wave is driven by the CME, while the EUV wave freely propagates after the lateral motion of the CME flanks has stopped. The observed oscillation direction of the prominence, determined through three-dimensional reconstruction, further supports this point. Moreover, detailed investigation of the oscillations in the prominence and filament induced by the EUV wave reveals initial amplitudes of 16.08 and 2.15 Mm, periods of 1769 and 1863 s, damping timescales of 2640 and 1259 s, and damping ratios of 1.49 and 0.68, respectively. The radial component of the magnetic field, as derived from the prominence and filament oscillation measurements, was estimated to be 5.4 and 4.1 G, respectively. In turn, utilizing the onset times of both the prominence and filament oscillation, the average speeds of the EUV wave are determined to be 498 and 451 km s−1, respectively.
Multiwavelength Pulsations and Surface Temperature Distribution in the Middle-aged Pulsar B1055–52
Authors: Vahdat Armin , Posselt B. , Pavlov G. G. , Weltevrede P. , Santangelo A. , Johnston S.
Published: March 2024

We present a detailed study of the X-ray emission from PSR B1055–52 using XMM-Newton observations from 2019 and 2000. The phase-integrated X-ray emission from this pulsar is poorly described by existing models of neutron star atmospheres. Instead, we confirm that, similar to other middle-aged pulsars, the best-fitting spectral model consists of two blackbody components, with substantially different temperatures and emitting areas, and a nonthermal component characterized by a power law. Our phase-resolved X-ray spectral analysis using this three-component model reveals variations in the thermal emission parameters with the pulsar’s rotational phase. These variations suggest a nonuniform temperature distribution across the neutron star’s surface, including the cold thermal component and probable hot spot(s). Such a temperature distribution can be caused by external and internal heating processes, likely a combination thereof. We observe very high pulse fractions, 60%–80% in the 0.7–1.5 keV range, dominated by the hot blackbody component. This could be related to temperature nonuniformity and potential beaming effects in an atmosphere. We find indication of a second hot spot that appears at lower energies (0.15–0.3 keV) than the first hot spot (0.5–1.5 keV) in the X-ray light curves and is offset by about half a rotation period. This finding aligns with the nearly orthogonal rotator geometry suggested by radio observations of this interpulse pulsar. If the hot spots are associated with polar caps, a possible explanation for their temperature asymmetry could be an offset magnetic dipole and/or an additional toroidal magnetic field component in the neutron star crust.
Late Engine Activity in Neutron Star Mergers and Its Cocoon: An Alternative Scenario for the Blue Kilonova
Authors: Hamidani Hamid , Kimura Shigeo S. , Tanaka Masaomi , Ioka Kunihito
Published: March 2024

Follow-up observations of short gamma-ray bursts (sGRBs) have continuously unveiled late extended/plateau emissions, attributed to jet launch due to late engine activity, the nature of which remains enigmatic. Observations of GW170817 have confirmed that sGRBs are linked to neutron star (NS) mergers, and discovered a kilonova (KN) transient. Nevertheless, the origin of the early blue KN in GW170817 remains unclear. Here, we investigate the propagation of late jets in the merger ejecta. By analytically modeling jet dynamics, we determine the properties of the jet-heated cocoon, and estimate its cooling emission. Our results reveal that late jets generate significantly brighter cocoons compared to prompt jets, primarily due to reduced energy loss by adiabatic cooling. Notably, with typical late jets, emission from the cocoon trapped inside the ejecta can reproduce the blue KN emission. We estimate that the forthcoming Einstein Probe mission will detect the early cocoon emission at a rate of

∼

2.1

−
1.6

+
3.2

yr−1, and that optical/UV follow-ups in the LIGO-Virgo-KAGRA O5 run will be able to detect

∼

1.0

−
0.7

+
1.5

cocoon emission events. As an electromagnetic counterpart, this emission provides an independent tool to probe NS mergers in the Universe, complementing insights from sGRBs and gravitational waves.
A Wave-corrected Assessment of the Local Midplane
Authors: Yin Ziyuan , Hinkel Austin
Published: March 2024

As the number of known Galactic structures mounts thanks to the Gaia Space Telescope, it is now pertinent to study methods for disentangling structures occupying the same regions of the Milky Way. Indeed, understanding the precise form of each individual structure and the interactions between structures may aid in understanding their origins and chronology. Moreover, accounting for known structures allows one to probe still finer Galactic structure. In order to demonstrate this, we have developed an odd low-pass filter (OLPF), which removes smaller, odd-parity structures like the vertical waves, and use the filtered data to examine the location of the Galaxy’s midplane. We find that the radial wave identified by Xu et al. continues inward to at least the Sun’s location, with an amplitude that decreases toward the inner, denser parts of the disk, consistent with a simple, qualitative simulation. Additionally, we employ the OLPF results to determine the solar offset, z
⊙, with smaller structures filtered out. We find that z
⊙ = 34.2 ± 0.3 pc.
Constraining the Astrophysical Origin of Intergalactic Magnetic Fields
Authors: Tjemsland J. , Meyer M. , Vazza F.
Published: March 2024

High-energy photons can produce electron–positron pairs upon interacting with the extragalactic background light. These pairs will in turn be deflected by the intergalactic magnetic field (IGMF), before possibly up-scattering photons of the cosmic microwave background, thereby initiating an electromagnetic cascade. The nonobservation of an excess of GeV photons and an extended halo around individual blazars due to this electromagnetic cascade can be used to constrain the properties of the IGMF. In this work, we use publicly available data of 1ES 0229+200 obtained with the Fermi Large Area Telescope and the High Energy Stereoscopic System to constrain cosmological MHD simulations of various magnetogenesis scenarios, and find that all models without a strong space-filling primordial component or overoptimistic dynamo amplifications can be excluded at the 95% confidence level. In fact, we find that the fraction of space filled by a strong IGMF has to be at least f ≳ 0.67, thus excluding most astrophysical production scenarios. Moreover, we set lower limits of B
0 > 5.1 × 10−15 G (B
0 > 1.0 × 10−14 G) for a space-filling primordial IGMF for a blazar activity time of Δt = 104 yr (Δt = 107 yr).
Turbulent Vortex with Moderate Dust Settling Probed by Scattering-induced Polarization in the IRS 48 System
Authors: Yang 杨 Haifeng 海峰 , Fernández-López Manuel , Li Zhi-Yun , Stephens Ian W. , Looney Leslie W. , Lin Zhe-Yu Daniel , Harrison Rachel
Published: March 2024

We investigate the crescent-shaped dust trap in the transition disk Oph IRS 48 using well-resolved (sub)millimeter polarimetric observations at ALMA Band 7 (870 μm). The dust polarization map reveals patterns consistent with dust-scattering-induced polarization. There is a relative displacement between the polarized flux and the total flux, which holds the key to understanding the dust scale heights in this system. We model the polarization observations, focusing on the effects of dust scale heights. We find that the interplay between the inclination-induced polarization and the polarization arising from radiation anisotropy in the crescent determines the observed polarization; the anisotropy is controlled by the dust optical depth along the midplane, which is, in turn, determined by the dust scale height in the vertical direction. We find that the dust grains can be neither completely settled nor well mixed with the gas. The completely settled case produces little radial displacement between the total and polarized flux, while the well-mixed case produces an azimuthal pattern in the outer (radial) edge of the crescent that is not observed. Our best model has a gas-to-dust scale height ratio of 2 and can reproduce both the radial displacement and the azimuthal displacement between the total and polarized flux. We infer an effective turbulence α parameter of approximately 0.0001–0.005. The scattering-induced polarization provides insight into a turbulent vortex with a moderate level of dust settling in the IRS 48 system, which is hard to achieve otherwise.
X-Ray Polarimetry of the Dipping Accreting Neutron Star 4U 1624–49
Authors: Saade M. Lynne , Kaaret Philip , Gnarini Andrea , Poutanen Juri , Ursini Francesco , Bianchi Stefano , Bobrikova Anna , La Monaca Fabio , Di Marco Alessandro , Capitanio Fiamma , Veledina Alexandra , Agudo Iván , Antonelli Lucio A. , Bachetti Matteo , Baldini Luca , Baumgartner Wayne H. , Bellazzini Ronaldo , Bongiorno Stephen D. , Bonino Raffaella , Brez Alessandro , Bucciantini Niccolò , Castellano Simone , Cavazzuti Elisabetta , Chen Chien-Ting , Ciprini Stefano , Costa Enrico , De Rosa Alessandra , Del Monte Ettore , Di Gesu Laura , Di Lalla Niccolò , Donnarumma Immacolata , Doroshenko Victor , Dovčiak Michal , Ehlert Steven R. , Enoto Teruaki , Evangelista Yuri , Fabiani Sergio , Ferrazzoli Riccardo , García Javier A. , Gunji Shuichi , Hayashida Kiyoshi , Heyl Jeremy , Iwakiri Wataru , Jorstad Svetlana G. , Karas Vladimir , Kislat Fabian , Kitaguchi Takao , Kolodziejczak Jeffery J. , Krawczynski Henric , Latronico Luca , Liodakis Ioannis , Maldera Simone , Manfreda Alberto , Marin Frédéric , Marinucci Andrea , Marscher Alan P. , Marshall Herman L. , Massaro Francesco , Matt Giorgio , Mitsuishi Ikuyuki , Mizuno Tsunefumi , Muleri Fabio , Negro Michela , Ng Chi-Yung , O’Dell Stephen L. , Omodei Nicola , Oppedisano Chiara , Papitto Alessandro , Pavlov George G. , Peirson Abel L. , Perri Matteo , Pesce-Rollins Melissa , Petrucci Pierre-Olivier , Pilia Maura , Possenti Andrea , Puccetti Simonetta , Ramsey Brian D. , Rankin John , Ratheesh Ajay , Roberts Oliver J. , Romani Roger W. , Sgrò Carmelo , Slane Patrick , Soffitta Paolo , Spandre Gloria , Swartz Douglas A. , Tamagawa Toru , Tavecchio Fabrizio , Taverna Roberto , Tawara Yuzuru , Tennant Allyn F. , Thomas Nicholas E. , Tombesi Francesco , Trois Alessio , Tsygankov Sergey S. , Turolla Roberto , Vink Jacco , Weisskopf Martin C. , Wu Kinwah , Xie Fei , Zane Silvia
Published: March 2024

We present the first X-ray polarimetric study of the dipping accreting neutron star 4U 1624−49 with the Imaging X-ray Polarimetry Explorer. We report a detection of polarization in the nondip time intervals with a confidence level of 99.99%. We find an average polarization degree (PD) of 3.1% ± 0.7% and a polarization angle of 81° ± 6° east of north in the 2–8 keV band. We report an upper limit on the PD of 22% during the X-ray dips with 95% confidence. The PD increases with energy, reaching from 3.0% ± 0.9% in the 4–6 keV band to 6% ± 2% in the 6–8 keV band. This indicates the polarization likely arises from Comptonization. The high PD observed is unlikely to be produced by Comptonization in the boundary layer or spreading layer alone. It can be produced by the addition of an extended geometrically thin slab corona covering part of the accretion disk, as assumed in previous models of dippers, and/or a reflection component from the accretion disk.
The EDGE-CALIFA Survey: An Extragalactic Database for Galaxy Evolution Studies
Authors: Wong Tony , Cao Yixian , Luo Yufeng , Bolatto Alberto D. , Sánchez Sebastián F. , Barrera-Ballesteros Jorge K. , Blitz Leo , Colombo Dario , Dannerbauer Helmut , Green Alex , Kalinova Veselina , Khan Ferzem , Kim Andrew , Lacerda Eduardo A. D. , Leroy Adam K. , Levy Rebecca C. , Lin Xincheng , Luo Yuanze , Rosolowsky Erik W. , Rubio Mónica , Teuben Peter , Utomo Dyas , Villanueva Vicente , Vogel Stuart N. , Wang Xinyu
Published: March 2024

The EDGE-CALIFA survey provides spatially resolved optical integral-field unit and CO spectroscopy for 125 galaxies selected from the Calar Alto Legacy Integral Field Area Survey (CALIFA) Data Release 3 sample. The Extragalactic Database for Galaxy Evolution (EDGE) presents the spatially resolved products of the survey as pixel tables that reduce the oversampling in the original images and facilitate comparison of pixels from different images. By joining these pixel tables to lower-dimensional tables that provide radial profiles, integrated spectra, or global properties, it is possible to investigate the dependence of local conditions on large-scale properties. The database is freely accessible and has been utilized in several publications. We illustrate the use of this database and highlight the effects of CO upper limits on the inferred slopes of the local scaling relations between the stellar mass, star formation rate (SFR), and H2 surface densities. We find that the correlation between H2 and SFR surface density is the tightest among the three relations.
Light Bridges and Solar Active Region Evolution Processes
Authors: Li Fuyu , Rao Changhui , Zhao Xinhua , Guo Yang , Gong Xiaoying , Chen Yuhao , Xiang Nanbin , Wang Huaning
Published: March 2024

The formation mechanism of light bridges (LBs) is strongly related to the dynamic evolution of solar active regions (ARs). To study the relationship between LB formation and AR evolution phases, we employ 109 LB samples from 69 ARs in 2014 using observational data from the Helioseismic and Magnetic Imager on board the Solar Dynamics Observatory. LBs are well matched with the weak field lanes (WFLs), except those aligned on the polarity inversion line of δ sunspots. For penumbral intrusion (type-A) and umbral-dot emergence (type-C) LBs, the WFLs represent the splitting of magnetic flux systems. The sunspots tend to decay and split into several parts after type-A and type-C LBs are formed. For sunspot/umbra-merging (type-B) LBs, the declining WFLs are caused by collisions of flux systems. The sunspots merged and remained stable after type-B LBs formed. We conclude that type-B LBs are formed by collisions of flux systems, while type-A and type-C LBs are generated by splits. The time differences (δ
T) between LBs appearing and ARs peaking have an average value of 1.06, −1.60, and 1.82 days for type-A, B, and C LBs, with the standard deviations of 3.27, 2.17, and 1.89, respectively. A positive value of δ
T means that the LB appears after the AR peaks, whereas a negative δ
T means it appears before the peak. Type-A LBs tend to form in the decaying phase or around the peak time. Type-B LBs are more likely to be formed in the developing phase. Type-C LBs mostly take shape in the decaying phase of ARs.
Can Neptune’s Distant Mean Motion Resonances Constrain Undiscovered Planets in the Solar System? Lessons from a Case Study of the 9:1 Resonance
Authors: Porter Matthew W. , Gerdes David W. , Napier Kevin J. , Lin 林 Hsing Wen 省文 , Adams Fred C.
Published: March 2024

Recent observational surveys of the outer solar system provide evidence that Neptune's distant n:1 mean motion resonances may harbor relatively large reservoirs of trans-Neptunian objects (TNOs). In particular, the discovery of two securely classified 9:1 resonators, 2015 KE172 and 2007 TC434, by the Outer Solar System Origins Survey is consistent with a population of order 104 such objects in the 9:1 resonance with absolute magnitude H

r
< 8.66. This work investigates whether the long-term stability of such populations in Neptune’s n:1 resonances can be used to constrain the existence of distant 5–10 M
⊕ planets orbiting at hundreds of au. The existence of such a planet has been proposed to explain a reported clustering in the orbits of highly eccentric “extreme” trans-Neptunian objects (or eTNOs), although this hypothesis remains controversial. We engage in a focused computational case study of the 9:1 resonance, generating synthetic populations and integrating them for 1 Gyr in the presence of 81 different test planets with various masses, perihelion distances, eccentricities, and inclinations. While none of the tested planets are incompatible with the existence of 9:1 resonators, our integrations shed light on the character of the interaction between such planets and nearby n:1 resonances, and we use this knowledge to construct a simple heuristic method for determining whether or not a given planet could destabilize a given resonant population. We apply this method to the currently estimated properties of Planet 9, and find that a large primordial population in the 15:1 resonance (or beyond), if discovered in the future, could potentially constrain the existence of this planet.
PathophysiologyOxidative and Inflammatory Biomarkers of Lung injury in Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) patients living with HIV
Authors: Folorunso Opeyemi M. , Frazzoli Chiara , Orisakwe Orish E.
Published: March 2024

Coronavirus disease (COVID-19) is an infectious disease caused by a newly discovered coronavirus: Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2). Although both COVID-19 and HIV infections have been declared as pandemic at different times and both are known to cause lung injury, very few research has been done to determine the possibility of worsened lung injury in HIV patients infected with COVID-19. This systematic review attempts to determine the oxidative and inflammatory biomarkers associated with acute lung injury in HIV-positive population co-infected with COVID-19. Published studies in three databases were searched from January 1, 2019, to October 27, 2020. The search identified eight studies (with a total of 76 patients) that met the inclusion criteria and were included in the qualitative analysis of the systematic review. Among the eight studies, three were case reports describing 1–3 patients, four case series including 4–31 patients, and one was a cohort study. The Joanna Briggs Institute critical appraisal tools were used to assess the included studies. Qualitative analysis was used due to the heterogeneity of the study designs and the biomarkers measured. At present, C-reactive protein, Interleukin-6, D-dimer, and Lactate dehydrogenase have been found associated with the severity of disease, prognosis, and lung injury in HIV-positive patients coinfected with COVID-19. The causal association between elevated levels of these biomarkers and acute lung injury is still unknown; therefore, prospective studies are needed to determine biomarkers of lung injury useful for the prognosis and outcome of COVID-19 infection in the HIV population.
Simone Weil et le christianisme
Authors: Gabellieri Emmanuel
Published: March 2024

Quelle est la dimension chrétienne de l’œuvre de Simone Weil (1909-1943) ? Du fait des aléas de la publication de ses livres, de nombreux débats ont eu lieu à ce sujet et on l’a suspectée de gnosticisme, de marcionisme ou de syncrétisme. Une lecture intégrale de son œuvre laisse percevoir un enracinement chrétien authentique, une théologie nourrie par la mystique et accueillante aux diverses expressions de la foi. Pour Simone Weil, le cœur du christianisme est pratique plus que théorique.
Église catholique et finance éthique : de la théorie à la pratique
Authors: de Franssu Jean-Baptiste , de Salins Antoine
Published: March 2024

Les « investissements socialement responsables » suscitent un engouement croissant. Parallèlement, l’Église catholique développe une réflexion nouvelle sur la finance, qui mérite d’être mieux connue. Des institutions chrétiennes s’engagent.
Paris, capitale de la modernité
Authors: Rioux Christophe
Published: March 2024

À Paris, au Petit Palais, une exposition souligne l’importance cruciale de la Ville lumière dans l’émergence de la modernité.
Grieving the Loss of a Child and the Use of Online Social Support: An Exploratory Survey Study
Authors: Clarkson Gina , Sheikh Noorjahan Suhana , Johnson Lee Ann
Published: March 2024

Purpose:

To describe social media online grief supports, accessing behaviors, psychosocial variables, and feelings of support among individuals grieving the loss of a child aged <18 years.

Method:

This online survey study recruited 26 adults grieving the loss of a child using social media. Dependent variables included feelings of support and frequency of access. Independent variables included sleep disturbance, cognitive function, depression, anxiety, and self-efficacy to manage emotions (SEMA). Data were collected from May to September 2018.

Results:

Participants' T scores were higher in level of sleep disturbance (mean = 59.4,
SD
= 6.1), depression (mean = 62.1,
SD
= 6.1), and anxiety (mean = 62.8,
SD
= 7.9), and lower in cognitive function (mean = 37.4,
SD
= 7.3) and SEMA (mean = 39.3,
SD
= 5.7). SEMA showed a positive correlation with feeling emotionally supported (
p
= 0.034). Participants who were accessing online grief supports more frequently reported higher levels of emotional support (
F
= 9.31,
p
= 0.006).

Conclusion:

Current findings will help guide the design of online grief support interventions for individuals grieving the loss of a child. [
Journal of Psychosocial Nursing and Mental Health Services, 62
(8), 47–55.]
Performance evaluation of hybrid biodegradable oils as a lubricant during cylindrical turning of AISI 304 austenitic stainless steel
Authors: Kazeem Rasaq , Jen Tien-Chien , Akande Godwin , Akinlabi Stephen , Akinlabi Esther
Published: March 2024

In the engineering sector, machining plays a significant role. The ability of the cutting zone to dissipate heat has grown in importance for the machining industry’s sustainability. Government legislation is pushing the industry to use fewer conventional lubricants as concerns about the effects on the environment and human health grow. This shifts attention to Minimum Quantity Lubrication (MQL) and biodegradable oils. The purpose of this study is to show how well two vegetable oils, in their raw forms, perform as cutting fluids during the MQL turning process of AISI 304 stainless steel. Each vegetable oil’s physiochemical and lubricating qualities were examined separately. After that, the two oils that comprised the hybrid vegetable oil were blended at a ratio of 0.5:0.5. During machining with an external threading tool, the hybrid vegetable oil was compared to its equivalent mineral-based oil in terms of cutting temperature and surface roughness. The Taguchi L9 orthogonal array was used in the study. According to the data, the cutting temperature was lowest when cutting with mineral oil, and highest when cutting with a hybrid mixture. In general, the mineral oil produced a reduced surface roughness compared to the vegetable oil mixture by about 68.6%. The combo of palm kernel and yellow orleander oil marginally outperformed mineral by about 2.3% when it came to cutting temperature. The significance of this study is to develop a more sustainable and environmentally friendly lubricants for industrial applications.