bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Thermally radiative slip flow of viscous fluid through a microfluidic vessel having sinusoidal walls with variable viscosity
Authors: Abbas Z. , Rafiq M. Y. , Ahsan S. , Khaliq S.
Published: July 2023

This article explores the influence of variable viscosity on the peristaltic movement of viscous fluid through a tapered microfluidic vessel having sinusoidal walls. The aspect of slip velocity has been considered on the channel walls. Furthermore, the heat transfer phenomenon is explored under the effectiveness of thermal radiation and viscous dissipation. The nonlinearity of the problem is scrutinized by the lubrication approximation hypothesis. Analytic outcomes have been acquired for liquid velocity, temperature, pressure rise, and streamlines. The impact of dissimilar physical parameters influencing the liquid flow features is revealed and deliberated through graphs. The study revealed that the velocity at the central region diminishes with increasing values of the velocity slip parameter. The number of boluses in the streamlines pattern is enhanced by enhancing the viscosity parameter. The current model has been used in bio‐engineering processes, industrial fluid mechanics, thermal processing, and cooling systems.
An exploration of ventricle regions segmentation and multiclass disease detection using cardiacMRI
Authors: Subha V. , Gomathi G. , Manivanna Boopathi A.
Published: July 2023

In this modern era, various cardiac diseases are very crucial as they cause a high mortality rate. Early detection of cardio vascular disease (CVD) is essential to prevent and control it. Diagnosis of cardiac disease is the process of analyzing the left and right ventricle cavities (LV, RV) and myocardium (MYO) from cardiac magnetic resonance (CMR) images. As deep learning architectures are becoming more mature, segmenting, and classifying cardiac MRI images using deep learning is gaining more attention. This work is aimed to identify five different cardiac disease subgroups namely NOR, MINF, DCM, HCM, and ARC by employing a new deep join attention model (DJAM) technique for segmenting LV, MYO, and RV regions separately. This method provides advancement as the joined attention model was combined with the pooling layers and the resultant is added to the convolution layers. The proposed region integrated deep residual network (RIDRN) is used to extract the features from the segmented images for classification. In this process, the features of LV, RV, and MYO are combined with a different combination. The advantage of doing this process is to get the overall features without leaving any single strip of features from the three regions. Hence, it shows a rise in performance accuracy. The random forest classification method is used to classify the underlying features for cardiac disease diagnosis. This proposed work is tested in the automated cardiac diagnosis challenge (ACDC) dataset and it perfects the state‐of‐art techniques.
Evaluating the impact of emergency department clinical pharmacist integration within a discharge urine culture follow‐up program
Authors: Zhao Yang , Stornelli Nicholas , McAllister Kelly , McDaniel Lauren , Schad Jessica
Published: July 2023

Introduction

Patients are often discharged from the emergency department (ED) prior to final culture results, leading to the development of post‐ED discharge urine culture review programs (UCRPs) to ensure appropriate management. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the impact ED pharmacists have on antibiotic management and determine areas for improved antimicrobial stewardship efforts.

Methods

This was a single‐system, retrospective, quasi‐experimental study of patients who visited the ED for evaluation of a urinary tract infection comparing no pharmacist involvement in a culture review to a process when ED pharmacists were involved. Patients included those discharged from the ED requiring review under a UCRP. Incarcerated patients and those admitted to an inpatient service from the ED were excluded. The primary outcome was the receipt of guideline‐appropriate management. Secondary outcomes included unplanned admission or ED revisit within 14 and 30 days related to the initial ED visit, all‐cause hospital admission or ED revisit within 14 and 30 days, and acceptance rate of pharmacist recommendations.

Results

A total of 142 patients were included (before pharmacist integration = 70, after pharmacist integration = 72). Receipt of guideline‐appropriate management occurred at 33% without pharmacist integration and 85% in the arm with pharmacist integration, p < 0.001. Pharmacist recommendations were accepted in 97% of cases. No difference was noted between ED revisit within 14 and 30 days with a chief complaint directly related to the initial ED visit, 14 and 30 day admission related to the initial encounter, and all‐cause hospital admission or ED revisit within 14 and 30 days. In patients with asymptomatic bacteriuria, there was a higher receipt of inappropriate management 67% (20/30) in the time before pharmacist integration versus 19% (9/48) after pharmacist integration (p < 0.001).

Conclusion

There was a significantly higher number of patients with appropriate antimicrobial management after pharmacist involvement in UCRP review.
UVB promotes melanogenesis by regulating METTL3
Authors: Guo Haoran , Zeng Hongliang , Hu Yibo , Jiang Ling , Lei Li , Hung Jinhua , Fu Chuhan , Li Hui , Long Yan , Chen Jing , Zeng Qinghai
Published: July 2023

Ultraviolet (UV) radiation is the primary exogenous inducer of skin pigmentation, although the mechanism has not been fully elucidated. N6‐methyladenosine (m6A) modification is one of the key epigenetic form of gene regulation that affects multiple biological processes. The aim of this study was to explore the role and underlying mechanisms of m6A modification in UVB‐induced melanogenesis. Low‐dose UVB increased global m6A modification in melanocytes (MCs) and MNT1 melanoma cell line. The GEPIA database predicted that methyltransferase METTL3 is positively correlated with the melanogenic transcription factor MITF in the sun‐exposed skin tissues. After METTL3 respectively overexpressed and knocked down in the MNT1, the melanin content and melanogenesis‐related genes were significantly upregulated after overexpression of METTL3, especially with UVB irradiation, and downregulated after METTL3 knockdown. METTL3 levels were also higher in melanocytic nevi with high melanin content. METTL3 overexpression and knockdown also altered the protein level of YAP1. SRAMP analysis predicted four high‐potential m6A modification sites on YAP1 mRNA, of which three were confirmed by methylated RNA immunoprecipitation. Inhibition of YAP1 expression can partially reverse melanogenesis induced by overexpression of METTL3. In conclusion, UVB irradiation promotes global m6A modification in MCs and upregulates METTL3, which increases the expression level of YAP1 through m6A modification, thereby activating the co‐transcription factor TEAD1 and promoting melanogenesis.
Molecular modeling and rational design of disulfide‐stapled self‐inhibitory peptides to target IL‐17A/IL‐17RA interaction
Authors: Huang Weihua , Zhou Yang , Pan Chunhua , Zhang Xin , Zhao Huijun , Shen Lili
Published: July 2023

Interleukin‐17A (IL‐17A) is a pro‐inflammatory cytokine implicated in diverse autoimmune and inflammatory disorders such as psoriasis and Kawasaki disease. Mature IL‐17A is a homodimer that binds to the extracellular type‐III fibronectin D1:D2‐dual domain of its cognate IL‐17 receptor A (IL‐17RA). In this study, we systematically examined the structural basis, thermodynamics property, and dynamics behavior of IL‐17RA/IL‐17A interaction and computationally identified two continuous hotspot regions separately from different monomers of IL‐17A homodimer that contribute significantly to the interaction, namely I‐shaped and U‐shaped segments, thus rendered as a peptide‐mediated protein–protein interaction (PmPPI). Self‐inhibitory peptides (SIPs) are derived from the two segments to disrupt IL‐17RA/IL‐17A interaction by competitively rebinding to the IL‐17A‐binding pocket on IL‐17RA surface, which, however, only have a weak affinity and low specificity for IL‐17RA due to lack of the context support of intact IL‐17A protein, thus exhibiting a large flexibility and intrinsic disorder when splitting from the protein context and incurring a considerable entropy penalty when rebinding to IL‐17RA. The U‐shaped segment is further extended, mutated and stapled by a disulfide bridge across its two strands to obtain a number of double‐stranded cyclic SIPs, which are partially ordered and conformationally similar to their native status at IL‐17RA/IL‐17A complex interface. Experimental fluorescence polarization assays substantiate that the stapling can moderately or considerably improve the binding affinity of U‐shaped segment‐derived peptides by 2–5‐fold. In addition, computational structural modeling also reveals that the stapled peptides can bind in a similar mode with the native crystal conformation of U‐shaped segment in IL‐17RA pocket, where the disulfide bridge is out of the pocket for avoiding intervene of the peptide binding.
Qualitative and quantitative analysis of the chemical components in Yuquan capsules by using ultra‐performance liquid chromatography‐mass spectrometry
Authors: Wu Fangfang , Tan Zhien , Li Taiping , Zhang Mengli , He Yanmei , Chen Shimin , Yu Pan , Ou Min , Liu Lingjie , Wang Xijun
Published: July 2023

The Yuquan capsules is a commonly used traditional Chinese Patent Medicine used for the treatment of diabetes mellitus. In this study, a high‐throughput analytical method for identifying the chemical composition of Yuquan capsules was established for the first time by using ultra‐performance liquid chromatography–quadrupole time of flight mass spectrometry. The data obtained were subjected to fragment analysis and this was combined with UNIFI processing of natural products. One‐hundred sixteen compounds were characterized from Yuquan capsules. Twelve of the bioactive compounds were quantitatively analyzed by ultra‐performance liquid chromatography‐tandem triple quadrupole mass spectrometry. This study was undertaken to obtain a comprehensive chemical profile analysis as well as to evaluate the overall quality of Yuquan capsules. The results will provide a reference for the quality evaluation of different Yuquan preparations. In addition, the data will enable basic pharmacodynamic research into these extensively used capsules.
Evaluation of Inferior and Superior Vena Cava and the Vena Cava Ratio in Growth Restricted Fetuses
Authors: Uzun Çilingir Işıl , Sayın Cenk , Sutcu Havva , İnan Cihan , Erzincan Selen , Varol Füsun
Published: July 2023

Objective

To evaluate the changes in the diameters of superior vena cava (SVC) and inferior vena cava (IVC) and to measure the ratio between SVC and IVC in growth‐restricted fetuses and compare these results with normally grown fetuses.

Methods

Twenty‐three consecutive patients with fetal growth restriction (FGR) (Group I) and 23 pregnant gestational age‐matched controls (Group II) between 24 and 37 weeks of gestation were enrolled in the study between January 2018 and October 2018. The diameter of the SVC and IVC from inner wall to inner wall was measured in all patients by sonographic examination. The ratio between the diameter of the SVC and IVC was also measured in each patient to eliminate the gestational age factor. We have named this ratio the “vena cava ratio” (VCR). All parameters were compared between the two groups.

Results

The diameter of the SVC was significantly greater in the fetuses with FGR (2.6–7.7 [5.4]) than in controls (3.2–5.6 [4.1]; P = .002; P < .01). The diameter of the IVC was significantly less in the fetuses with FGR (1.6–4.5 [3.2]) than in controls (2.7–5 [3.7]; P = .035; P < .05). The VCR was between 1.1 and 2.3 and the median value was 1.8 in Group I. The VCR was between 0.8 and 1.7 and the median value was 1.2. VCR was significantly higher in fetuses with FGR (P = .001 P < .01).

Conclusion

This study shows that VCR is higher in fetuses with growth restriction. Further studies are needed to clarify the association between VCR and antenatal prognosis and postnatal results.
Updated temperature correction for computing seawater nitrate with in situ ultraviolet spectrophotometer and submersible ultraviolet nitrate analyzer nitrate sensors
Authors: Plant Joshua N. , Sakamoto Carole M. , Johnson Kenneth S. , Maurer Tanya L. , Bif Mariana B.
Published: July 2023

Sensors that use ultraviolet (UV) light absorption to measure nitrate in seawater at in situ temperatures require a correction to the calibration coefficients if the calibration and sample temperatures are not identical. This is mostly due to the bromide molecule, which absorbs more UV light as temperature increases. The current correction applied to in situ ultraviolet spectrophotometer (ISUS) and submersible ultraviolet nitrate analyzer (SUNA) nitrate sensors generally follows Sakamoto et al. (2009, Limnol. Oceanogr. Methods 7, 132–143). For waters warmer than the calibration temperature, this correction model can lead to a 1–2 μmol kg−1 positive bias in nitrate concentration. Here we present an updated correction model, which reduces this small but noticeable bias by at least 50%. This improved model is based on additional laboratory data and describes the temperature correction as an exponential function of wavelength and temperature difference from the calibration temperature. It is a better fit to the experimental data than the current model and the improvement is validated using two populations of nitrate profiles from Biogeochemical Argo floats navigating through tropical waters. One population is from floats equipped with ISUS sensors while the other arises from floats with SUNA sensors on board. Although this model can be applied to both ISUS and SUNA nitrate sensors, it should not be used for OPUS UV nitrate sensors at this time. This new approach is similar to that used for OPUS sensors (Nehir et al., 2021, Front. Mar. Sci. 8, 663800) with differing model coefficients. This difference suggests that there is an instrumental component to the temperature correction or that there are slight differences in experimental methodologies.
A Minkowski difference‐based advancing front packing technique for generating convex noncircular particles in complex domains
Authors: Xia Ming , Xu Xin , Gong Fengqiang , Wang Min , Feng Y. T.
Published: July 2023

In this work, a Minkowski difference‐based advancing front approach is proposed to generate convex and non‐circular particles in a predefined computational domain. Two specific algorithms are developed to handle the contact conformity of generated particles with the boundaries of the computational domain. The first, called the open form, is used to handle the smooth contact of generated particles with (external) boundaries, while the other, called the closed form, is proposed to handle the internal boundaries of a computational domain with a complex cavity. The Gilbert‐Johnson‐Keerthi (GJK) method is used to efficiently solve the contact detection between the newly generated particle at the front and existing particles. Furthermore, the problem of one‐sided particle lifting, which can cause some defects in the packing structure in existing advancing front methods during packing generation, is highlighted and an effective solution is developed. Several examples of increasing complexity are used to demonstrate the efficiency and applicability of the proposed packing generation approach. The numerical results show that the generated packing is not only more uniform, but also achieves a higher packing density than existing advancing front methods.
Formulation methodologies based on Taylor expansion power and Fourier expansion series for the macro‐element resolution scheme of enriched models for the stress analysis of adhesively bonded joints
Authors: Salaün Michel , Paroissien Eric , Schwartz Sébastien , Vu Tuan‐Long , Angelis Valeria De , Luyat Maxime , Ordonneau Benjamin
Published: July 2023

In recent years, interest in adhesive bonding has grown as it can be considered an efficient solution in terms of strength‐to‐mass ratio when applied to lightweight structures or an interesting solution to complement conventional technologies. The study of bonded adhered joints is carried out using a technique based on the macro‐element method (ME), the ME shape functions are modeled using Taylor expansion power and Fourier expansion series. The purpose of this work is to compare the stiffness matrix obtained first from the entire Taylor series and then with the entire Fourier series. The method has been developed so far for 1D‐bar and 1D‐beam kinematics frameworks.
Pluralizing environmental values for urban planning: How to uncover the diversity of imaginaries about socio‐natures from Vitoria‐Gasteiz (Basque Country, Spain)
Authors: Neidig Julia , Anguelovski Isabelle , Lliso Bosco , Pascual Unai
Published: July 2023

Cities have pushed forward re‐naturing initiatives in local planning agendas. Discourses and rationales for such interventions tend to follow instrumental framings often narrowed down to the economic, health and ecological benefits of nature's contributions to people (NCP). Yet, diverse urban residents often connect to other socio‐nature framings that are associated with a plurality of values held for nature, including relational, intrinsic, and instrumental values.

Focusing mostly on urban NCP, we used Q‐methodology to explore the perspectives and expressions of urban residents' diversity of values for urban greenery and broader human‐nature relationships. We explore the role of both instrumental and relational values, as well as certain potential disvalues of urban NCP. In light of the recent IPBES values assessment (IPBES, 2022) we follow a call for empirical studies and methodologies to explore, elicit and visibilize plural values about nature.

We base our study in the Basque city of Vitoria‐Gasteiz, Spain (2012 European Green Capital) where we identify four distinct perspectives, all of which relate to a diversity of values about urban nature. Urban residents mostly perceive positive values for NCP as directly connected to their wellbeing. Yet, NCP that impact social bonds within their social community, expressed for instance through community‐related values, are perceived differently across the four perspectives.

We conclude that planners and decision‐makers should pay scrutiny to include the four, partly differing, perspectives about the plural values of (urban) NCP in policymaking processes to assure just and inclusive outcomes. Here, intersectional and participatory approaches are needed beyond dominating framings of NCPs and related values, especially those that can take into account the needs and preferences of marginalized social groups. Special emphasis should be put on integrating relational values as nourishing such values through planning can play an important role in creating place‐rooted connections with local urban landscapes and the community.

Read the free Plain Language Summary for this article on the Journal blog.
Recycled silica as a renewable and sustainable alternative to carbon black in natural rubber foams
Authors: Rostami‐Tapeh‐Esmaeil Ehsan , Kazemi Hossein , Ahmad Hibal , Morin Michel , Rodrigue Denis
Published: July 2023

Sustainable natural rubber foams were prepared by replacing petroleum‐based carbon black (CB) with recycled silica (SiO2) nanoparticles. The total nanofiller concentration was fixed at 40 phr, while the CB/silica ratio was changed from 40/0 to 0/40. The results showed that increasing the silica content increased the curing characteristics, such as delta torque (ΔM) by 54%, scorch time (ts) by 50% and optimum curing time (t90) by 65%. But foams based on a hybrid system (20/20) produced a more homogeneous structure improving the cell nucleation step and leading to the smallest cell size (18 μm) and highest cell density (8.8 × 103 cells mm−3) due to reduced filler−filler interactions and better particle dispersion. This improved cellular morphology generated superior mechanical and thermal insulation performance, including the highest compression modulus (2.7 MPa), compressive strength (1.9 MPa) and recoverability (96.6%) combined with the lowest thermal conductivity (0.114 W m−1 K−1) at a density of 0.652 g cm−3. Nevertheless, the foam with 40 phr silica showed higher compressive modulus (26%) and compression strength (15%) compared to the reference sample having 40 phr CB, mainly due to its higher crosslink density. As a final comparison, the recycled silica, being a suitable and sustainable alternative to petroleum‐based CB, showed superior mechanical and thermal insulation properties compared to a commercial grade of silica for natural rubber foams. © 2023 The Authors. Polymer International published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd on behalf of Society of Industrial Chemistry.
Examining the factors influencing students' knowledge‐sharing behavior in the social media‐based learning community
Authors: Karaoglan Yilmaz Fatma Gizem , Yilmaz Ramazan
Published: July 2023

Virtual learning communities can be formed through social media platforms, enabling the implementation of various learning activities. One of the essential components of virtual learning communities created on social media is the knowledge‐sharing behaviors (KSB) of students. Studies show that some students actively participate in the knowledge‐sharing processes, while some students do not actively participate in this process the observed phenomenon could potentially be attributed to the psycho‐social condition of the students. The main goal of this research was to establish the factors related to the KSB of the students in the virtual learning community created in the social media environment. The research investigated the structural associations among KSB, need for social approval (NfSA), happiness, self‐control and self‐management (SC‐SM), and dispositional hope (DH) structures. A total of 176 university students, engaged in the virtual learning community formed on social media, were included in the research. The research was implemented within the scope of Computing II course. Students used the virtual learning community created for the course during one academic semester and shared knowledge. In the study, relationships between structures were discovered by path analysis. Research results showed that the NfSA and DH were significantly related to KSB. According to the results, happiness and SC–SM did not significantly relate to KSB. It can be said that supporting students' social approval needs and increasing hope levels can be beneficial to improve students' KSB in virtual learning communities to be created in social media environments. According to another result of the study, it was observed that as the SC–SM levels of the students increased, their happiness and DH levels also increased. In line with the results obtained from the results, what can be done to improve the KSB of students in virtual learning communities was discussed, and various suggestions were made for researchers and practitioners.
Registration of soybean germplasm line R14‐1422 with high yield and moderate resistance to southern root knot nematode
Authors: Ravelombola F. , Florez‐Palacios L. , Acuña A. , Harrison D. , Wu C. , deOliveira M. , Winter J. , DaSilva M. , Rogers D. , Carlin J. F. , Chen P. , Mozzoni L.
Published: July 2023

R14‐1422 (Reg. no. GP‐523, PI 702562) is a mid‐maturity group (MG) V (relative maturity 5.4), determinate growth habit, high‐yielding, conventional soybean [Glycine max (L.) Merr.] germplasm line developed and released in 2021 by the Arkansas Agricultural Experiment Station. R14‐1422 is an F4 selection from the cross between ‘R06‐4433’, a cultivar released by Arkansas, and the Missouri cultivar ‘S05‐11482’. Trial results of over 74 environments in Arkansas and other southern states showed that R14‐1422 is well adapted and provides high‐yielding performance. R14‐1422 is a MG V (5.4), line with determinate growth habit, white flowers, gray pubescence, and a tan pod wall at maturity. Seed of R14‐1422 has yellow cotyledon, yellow seed coat, and buff hilum color. R14‐1422 has high yield potential and moderate resistance to southern root‐knot nematode and is a chloride excluder.
Impact of metformin on statin‐associated myopathy risks in dyslipidemia patients
Authors: Bak Keunhyeong , Moon Suhyeon , Ko Minjung , Choi Yeo Jin , Shin Sooyoung
Published: July 2023

A growing number of patients with metabolic disorders are receiving statin and antidiabetic therapies as comedications. A signal of increased risk of myotoxicity due to potential interactions between antidiabetics and statins has been detected in previous studies. To investigate the effects of metformin on myopathy risks when added to preexisting statin therapy in dyslipidemia patients, we performed a retrospective cohort study using the Korean national health insurance data in statin‐treated dyslipidemia patients with or without concomitant metformin use. We compared the risk of myopathy in statin + metformin users against statin‐only users. Hazard ratios (HRs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) have been calculated following propensity score (PS) matching between study groups and subsequent stratification per patient factors. We included 4092 and 8161 patients in PS‐matched statin + metformin and statin‐only groups, respectively. The risk of myopathy decreased when metformin was used together with statins (adjusted HR 0.84; 95% CI 0.71–0.99). In subgroup analyses per individual statin agent and in stratified risk analyses, no specific statin agents or patient factors were associated with statistically significant myopathy risk. This study found that a comedication with metformin was associated with decreased myopathy risk in statin‐treated dyslipidemia patients compared to statin‐only users. Our findings suggest that metformin may provide protective effects on potential muscle toxicities induced by statin therapy.
Determining the minimum duration of treatment in tuberculosis: An order restricted non‐inferiority trial design
Authors: Serra Alessandra , Mozgunov Pavel , Davies Geraint , Jaki Thomas
Published: July 2023

Tuberculosis (TB) is one of the biggest killers among infectious diseases worldwide. Together with the identification of drugs that can provide benefits to patients, the challenge in TB is also the optimisation of the duration of these treatments. While conventional duration of treatment in TB is 6 months, there is evidence that shorter durations might be as effective but could be associated with fewer side effects and may be associated with better adherence. Based on a recent proposal of an adaptive order‐restricted superiority design that employs the ordering assumptions within various duration of the same drug, we propose a non‐inferiority (typically used in TB trials) adaptive design that effectively uses the order assumption. Together with the general construction of the hypothesis testing and expression for type I and type II errors, we focus on how the novel design was proposed for a TB trial concept. We consider a number of practical aspects such as choice of the design parameters, randomisation ratios, and timings of the interim analyses, and how these were discussed with the clinical team.
Modeling immunogenecity data to establish screening bioassays cut point
Authors: Quiroz Jorge , Roychoudhury Satrajit , Steinmetz Thomas , Yang Harry
Published: July 2023

The response of immunogenecity anti‐drug antibody (ADA) generally includes biological and analytical variability. The nature of biological and analytical variations may lead to a variety of symmetric and asymmetric ADA data. As a result, current statistical methods may yield unreliable results because these methods assume special types of symmetric or asymmetric ADA data. In this paper, we survey and compare parametric models that are useful for analyzing a variety of asymmetric data that have rarely been used to calculate assay cut points. These models include symmetric distributions as limiting case; therefore, they are useful in the analysis of a variety of symmetric data. We also investigate two nonparametric approaches that have received little attention in screening cut point calculations. A simulation study was conducted to compare the performance of the methods. We evaluate the methods using four published different types of data, and make recommendations concerning the use of the methods.
Identifying overvalued equity
Authors: Beneish Messod D. , Nichols David Craig
Published: July 2023

We develop a profile of overvalued equity, and show that firms meeting this profile experience abnormal stock returns net of transaction costs of −22% to −25% over the 12 months following portfolio formation. We show our model is distinct from predictors proposed in prior work, and our results robust to alternative measurements of expected returns. We also show that overvaluation is not confined to small firms and that institutions do not trade as if they identify overvalued equity. The profitable predictability we document suggests a pricing anomaly relating to the 2.5% of the firms in the population that our model identifies as substantially overvalued. Although we believe markets are generally efficient within the bounds of transaction costs, our evidence suggests that violations of minimally rational use of publicly available information do occur. To the extent that anomalies disappear or attenuate once documented in the literature (Doukas et al., 2002 [European Financial Management, 2002, 8, 229]; Schwert, 2003 [Handbook of the Economics of Finance, 2003, 1, 939]), our results are of interest to financial economists and investors.
The effects of modeling‐based pedagogy on conceptual understanding, scientific reasoning skills, and attitudes towards science of English learners
Authors: Malone Kathy L.
Published: July 2023

The use of scientific modeling has been shown to be highly effective in the learning of science content in multiple disciplines for non‐English Learners (EL). However, the benefits of using this pedagogy with ELs have not been heavily explored. This article discusses the use of modeling‐based evolution and population ecology pedagogical units in a sheltered biology high school class for ELs. A sheltered EL class is one where only ELs are enrolled and they learn both language and science concurrently. This article specifies the at the scaffolding used to adjust the pedagogy for this unique set of students. The effectiveness of this method was assessed using a convergent mixed method case study design. Data was collected using assessments in content, scientific reasoning and attitudes towards science (i.e., self‐efficacy, fascination, and valuation of science) as well as teacher interviews, and classroom observations. The cases were an EL modeling‐based sheltered biology class, and two non‐EL inquiry‐based biology classes, all at the upper secondary level. The EL modeling cohort achieved posttest comparison content scores that were not significantly different from the non‐EL cohort and significantly higher posttest scientific reasoning scores. The effect sizes in both of these cases were much larger for the EL cohort. The affective assessments demonstrated intriguing results with the EL cohort having a greater fascination with science than the non‐EL cohort but a decline in self‐efficacy. Both cohorts valued science to the same extent. This methodology holds promise in helping to decrease the science gap between ELs and non‐ELs taught with inquiry‐based pedagogies.
Triggering the Channel‐Sulfur Sites in 1T′‐ReS2 Cocatalyst toward Splendid Photocatalytic Hydrogen Generation
Authors: Xu Jiachao , Zhong Wei , Zhang Xidong , Wang Xuefei , Hong Xuekun , Yu Huogen
Published: July 2023

Electron density manipulation of active sites in cocatalysts is of great essential to realize the optimal hydrogen adsorption/desorption behavior for constructing high‐efficient H2‐evolution photocatalyst. Herein, a strategy about weakening metal–metal bond strength to directionally optimize the electron density of channel‐sulfur(S) sites in 1T′ Re1−xMoxS2 cocatalyst is clarified to improve their hydrogen adsorption strength (S─H bond) for rapid H2‐production reaction. In this case, the ultrathin Re1−xMoxS2 nanosheet is in situ anchored on the TiO2 surface to form Re1−xMoxS2/TiO2 photocatalyst by a facial molten salt method. Remarkably, numerous visual H2 bubbles are constantly generated on the optimal Re0.92Mo0.08S2/TiO2 sample with a 10.56 mmol g−1 h−1 rate (apparent quantum efficiency is about 50.6%), which is 2.6 times higher than that of traditional ReS2/TiO2 sample. Density functional theory and in situ/ex situ X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy results collectively demonstrate that the weakened Re─Re bond strength via Mo introduction can induce the formation of unique electron‐deficient channel‐S sites with suitable electron density, which yield thermoneutral S─H bonds to realize superior interfacial H2‐generation performance. This work provides fundamental guidance on purposely optimizing the electronic state of active sites by manipulating the intrinsic bonding structure, which opens an avenue for designing efficacious photocatalytic materials.
Analysis of the Influence of Incident Light Polarization on Measurement Accuracy for RPOVS
Authors: Qiao Tan , Huoyang Lin , Junnan Zhu
Published: July 2023

Nowadays, the optical voltage sensor (OVS) has become the best practical solution for the high voltage measurement in modern smart grid. And the polarization of the incident light greatly influences the sensor's measurement accuracy. In this paper, taking the radial polarization optical voltage sensor (RPOVS) as an example, its practical optical model is established by using the theory of polarized optics. The formula of the measurement relative error is obtained, and the influences of the ellipticity and extinction ratio on sensor performance are analyzed in detail. Then the suggestions are given and verified by simulations and experiments, which show the measurement error brought by the polarizer parameters to RPOVS is reduced by about 0.2%, promoting the sensor's realization of 0.2 accuracy class from the aspect of optical path. In addition, this study has certain reference value for other types of OVS and optical polarization measurement. © 2023 Institute of Electrical Engineer of Japan and Wiley Periodicals LLC.
Dog bites more prevalent on hot and sunny days
Authors: Mills Georgina
Published: July 2023

Georgina Mills reports on new research that looked into a link between dog bite incidents and the weather.
Wide‐ranging programme for extensively managed livestock conference
Authors: Fenemore Caroline , Robinson Kitty
Published: July 2023

Caroline Fenemore and Kitty Robinson, Veterinary Investigation Officers from APHA Carmarthen, report on the APHA Centre of Expertise for Extensively Managed Livestock conference, which was held on 24 November 2022 at Aberystwyth University. The varied programme of talks attracted delegates from across the UK and Ireland, including vets, farmers, academics, researchers and other stakeholders.
Helping you talk to clients about parasiticides
Authors: Knowles‐Bacon Megan
Published: July 2023

BVA policy and public affairs officer Megan Knowles‐Bacon introduces new resources to help practices discuss responsible use of parasiticides with clients.
Seizing every opportunity to learn and teach boosted VN's skills and confidence
Authors: Weigh Viki
Published: July 2023

An early knockback at school only served to spur on Viki Weigh to adopt a lifelong learning approach and carve a successful career path in veterinary nursing, teaching and beyond.
Institutional pathways for transforming groundwater planning and management: Reflections from Pakistan and Sri Lanka
Authors: Allan Catherine , Mitchell Michael , Punthakey Jehangir F.
Published: July 2023

The growing issues with groundwater quality and quantity worldwide are particularly impacting regions of South Asia, where groundwater use plays a crucial role in human well‐being. As the severity of the situation becomes clearer, there are increasing calls for transformation in water management. In this paper, we consider institutional influences on transforming groundwater management by reflecting on our recent collaborative research in Pakistan and a scoping study in Sri Lanka. In Pakistan, we have shown that it is possible for previously “siloed” stakeholders to develop shared understandings of the groundwater situation and build useful and enduring practice networks. Such shared understandings can support collaborative planning, but must be informed by effective monitoring and modeling, and an institutional willingness to think beyond traditional formal regulatory tools. Regional and local scale planning could encourage interactive processes for broader thinking. Given the similarity in the human‐groundwater situation between parts of Pakistan and Northern Sri Lanka, we undertook a small study to see if similar collaborative research would be valuable there. Our brief visit confirmed commonalities in the situation. By reflecting on our experience in Pakistan and Sri Lanka, we make a case for encouraging and embracing collaborative research as part of transforming water resources management. Our approach emphasizes the important contributions of both water managers and users and encourages ways of integrating paradigms, knowledge, norms, and practices. Establishing genuine co‐inquiry among groundwater managers and users requires a deeper appreciation of the constraining and enabling roles established institutions can play and thus ultimately a transformation in institutional arrangements.
Free vibration analysis of FG‐GPL and FG‐CNT hybrid laminated nano composite truncated conical shells using systematic differential quadrature method
Authors: Ghasemi Hamed , Mohammadi Younes , Ebrahimi Farzad
Published: July 2023

In the present study, the free vibration of functionally graded graphene platelet‐reinforced (FG‐GPLs) and functionally graded carbon nanotube‐reinforced (FG‐CNTs) hybrid laminated nanocomposite truncated conical shells and panels are analyzed. Multi‐layers truncated conical shell and panel of pure FG‐CNTs, pure FG‐GPLs and hybrid CNTs‐GPLs reinforcement were evaluated. In light of its high accuracy in the calculation of thin and thick shells, a third‐order shear deformation theory is adopted. The governing equations and boundary conditions is derived using Hamilton's principle and is solved numerically using the systematic differential quadrature method (DQM) which uses Kronecker delta function. The effective mechanical properties of the CNT‐reinforced nanocomposite layers are estimated using the rule of mixtures, whereas those of the GPL‐reinforced nanocomposite layers is calculated using the Halpin‐Tsai micromechanical model. Convergence and accuracy evaluation of the presented study are confirmed and a number of parameters, including the CNTS volume fraction, GPLs mass fraction, distribution patterns (i.e., Uniform distribution (UD), Functionally graded O‐distribution (FG‐O), Functionally graded X‐distribution (FG‐X), Functionally graded V‐distribution (FG‐V) and FG‐A), different boundary conditions and the vertex angle of the cone, are investigated. The results obtained in this article for the combination of two different materials, GPLs and CNTs, showed that in controlling the natural frequency of the system, without changing the percentage of fiber and only by changing the arrangement, very wonderful results can be achieved.
Correction to: Equity Policies in Global Higher Education
Authors: Tavares Orlanda , Sá Carla , Sin Cristina , Amaral Alberto
Published: July 2023

The book was inadvertently published without a funder. The funder of the book is LYRASIS book partnership.
Dapoxetine prevents neuronal damage and improves functional outcomes in a model of ischemic stroke through the modulation of inflammation and oxidative stress
Authors: Abdel-Hameed Sarah Sameh , El-Daly Mahmoud , Ahmed Al-Shaimaa F. , Bekhit Amany A. , Heeba Gehan H.
Published: July 2023

Stroke is a medical emergency that is associated with substantial mortality and functional disability in adults. The most popular class of antidepressants, selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors SSRIs, have recently been shown in studies to have positive effects on post-stroke motor and cognitive function. Thus, we hypothesized that dapoxetine (DAP), a short-acting SSRI, would be effective against cerebral ischemia/reperfusion injury. Adult male Wister rats (200–250 g) were subjected to a sham operation or bilateral common carotid artery occlusion (BCCAO) for 30 min followed by 24 h of reperfusion to induce global cerebral ischemia/reperfusion (I/R) injury. Rats were treated with vehicle or DAP (30 or 60 mg/kg, i.p.) 1 h before BCCAO. The neurobehavioral performance of rats was assessed. The infarct volume, histopathological changes, oxidative stress parameters, and apoptotic and inflammatory mediators were determined in the brain tissues of euthanized rats. Our results confirmed that DAP significantly ameliorated cerebral I/R-induced neurobehavioral deficits, reduced cerebral infarct volume, and histopathological damage. Moreover, DAP pretreatment reduced lipid peroxidation, caspase-3, and inflammatory mediators (TNF-α and iNOS) compared to I/R-injured rats. Thus, DAP pretreatment potentially improves neurological function, and cerebral damage in cerebral ischemic rats may be partly related to the reduction in the inflammatory response, preservation of oxidative balance, and suppression of cell apoptosis in brain tissues.
Functional and sequence-based metagenomics to uncover carbohydrate-degrading enzymes from composting samples
Authors: Santos-Pereira Cátia , Sousa Joana , Costa Ângela M. A. , Santos Andréia O. , Rito Teresa , Soares Pedro , Franco-Duarte Ricardo , Silvério Sara C. , Rodrigues Lígia R.
Published: July 2023

The renewable, abundant
, and low-cost nature of lignocellulosic biomass can play an important role in the sustainable production of bioenergy and several added-value bioproducts, thus providing alternative solutions to counteract the global energetic and industrial demands. The efficient conversion of lignocellulosic biomass greatly relies on the catalytic activity of carbohydrate-active enzymes (CAZymes). Finding novel and robust biocatalysts, capable of being active under harsh industrial conditions, is thus imperative to achieve an economically feasible process. In this study, thermophilic compost samples from three Portuguese companies were collected, and their metagenomic DNA was extracted and sequenced through shotgun sequencing. A novel multi-step bioinformatic pipeline was developed to find CAZymes and characterize the taxonomic and functional profiles of the microbial communities, using both reads and metagenome-assembled genomes (MAGs) as input. The samples’ microbiome was dominated by bacteria, where the classes Gammaproteobacteria, Alphaproteobacteria, and Balneolia stood out for their higher abundance, indicating that the degradation of compost biomass is mainly driven by bacterial enzymatic activity. Furthermore, the functional studies revealed that our samples are a rich reservoir of glycoside hydrolases (GH), particularly of GH5 and GH9 cellulases, and GH3 oligosaccharide-degrading enzymes. We further constructed metagenomic fosmid libraries with the compost DNA and demonstrated that a great number of clones exhibited β-glucosidase activity. The comparison of our samples with others from the literature showed that, independently of the composition and process conditions, composting is an excellent source of lignocellulose-degrading enzymes. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first comparative study on the CAZyme abundance and taxonomic/functional profiles of Portuguese compost samples.

Key points

• Sequence- and function-based metagenomics were used to find CAZymes in compost samples.

• Thermophilic composts proved to be rich in bacterial GH3, GH5, and GH9 enzymes.

• Compost-derived fosmid libraries are enriched in clones with β-glucosidase activity.
Does timing of neoadjuvant chemotherapy influence the prognosis in patients with early triple negative breast cancer?
Authors: Hatzipanagiotou Maria Eleni , Pigerl Miriam , Gerken Michael , Räpple Sophie , Zeltner Verena , Hetterich Madeleine , Ugocsai Peter , Fernandez-Pacheco Miriam , Inwald Elisabeth Christine , Klinkhammer-Schalke Monika , Ortmann Olaf , Seitz Stephan
Published: July 2023

Purpose

For patients with triple negative breast cancer (TNBC), the optimal time to initiate neoadjuvant chemotherapy (TTNC) is unknown. This study evaluates the association between TTNC and survival in patients with early TNBC.

Methods

A retrospective study using data from of a cohort of TNBC patients diagnosed between January 1, 2010 to December 31, 2018 registered in the Tumor Centre Regensburg was performed. Data included demographics, pathology, treatment, recurrence, and survival. Interval to treatment was defined as days from pathology diagnosis of TNBC to first dose of neoadjuvant chemotherapy (NACT). The Kaplan–Meier and Cox regression methods were used to evaluate the impact of TTNC on overall survival (OS) and 5 year OS.

Results

A total of 270 patients were included. Median follow up was 3.5 years. The 5-year OS estimates according to TTNC were 77.4%, 66.9%, 82.3%, 80.6%, 88.3%, 58.3%, 71.1% and 66.7% in patients who received NACT within 0–14, 15–21, 22–28, 29–35, 36–42, 43–49, 50–56 and > 56 days after diagnosis. Patients who received systemic therapy early had the highest estimated mean OS of 8.4 years, while patients who received systemic therapy after more than 56 days survived an estimated 3.3 years.

Conclusion

The optimal time interval between diagnosis and NACT remains to be determined. However, starting NACT more than 42 days after diagnosis of TNBC seems to reduce survival. Therefore, it is strongly recommended to carry out the treatment in a certified breast center with appropriate structures, in order to enable an adequate and timely care.
One-dimensional viscoelastic von Kármán theories derived from nonlinear thin-walled beams
Authors: Friedrich Manuel , Machill Lennart
Published: July 2023

We derive an effective one-dimensional limit from a three-dimensional Kelvin–Voigt model for viscoelastic thin-walled beams, in which the elastic and the viscous stress tensor comply with a frame-indifference principle. The limiting system of equations comprises stretching, bending, and twisting both in the elastic and the viscous stress. It coincides with the model already identified via Friedrich and Kružík (Arch Ration Mech Anal 238:489–540, 2020) and Friedrich and Machill (Nonlinear Differ Equ Appl NoDEA 29, Article number: 11, 2022) by a successive dimension reduction, first from 3D to a 2D theory for von Kármán plates and then from 2D to a 1D theory for ribbons. In the present paper, we complement the previous analysis by showing that the limit can also be obtained by sending the height and width of the beam to zero simultaneously. Our arguments rely on the static $$\Gamma $$
Γ
-convergence in Freddi et al. (Math Models Methods Appl Sci 23:743–775, 2013), on the abstract theory of metric gradient flows (Ambrosio et al. in Gradient flows in metric spaces and in the space of probability measures. Lectures mathematics, ETH Zürich, Birkhäuser, Basel, 2005), and on evolutionary $$\Gamma $$
Γ
-convergence (Sandier and Serfaty in Commun Pure Appl Math 57:1627–1672, 2004).