bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
IL20RA Is the Key Factor Contributing to the Stronger Antioxidant Capacity of Rongchang Pig Sertoli Cells
Authors: Zheng Qi-Yue , Xiao Li-Fei , An Tian-Yi , Zhang Liang , Long Xi , Wang Qing , Wang Xian-Zhong , Pan Hong-Mei
Published: December 2024

Variations in disease resistance among pig breeds have been extensively documented, with Sertoli cells (SCs) playing a pivotal role in spermatogenesis. Infections can induce oxidative stress, which can lead to damage to these cells. This study aimed to compare the levels of oxidative stress in SCs from Rongchang and Landrace pig breeds following LPS challenge. SCs were isolated, cultured, and stimulated with LPS to assess cell viability and markers of oxidative stress. Cell viability was evaluated along with oxidative stress markers such as reactive oxygen species (ROS), mitochondrial superoxide, malondialdehyde, and antioxidant enzymes. Mitochondrial function was assessed using JC-1 and Calcein AM probes. Transcriptomic analysis identified differentially expressed genes (DEGs), while ingenuity pathway analysis (IPA) explored enriched pathways. IL20RA, identified through transcriptomics, was validated using the siRNA knockdown technique. The results showed that Rongchang SCs exhibited lower levels of oxidative stress compared to Landrace SCs along with higher activity of antioxidant enzymes. IL20RA emerged as a key regulator since its knockdown affected mitochondrial superoxide production and catalase secretion. The findings suggest that Rongchang SCs possess superior antioxidant capacity, possibly due to the IL20RA-mediated protection of mitochondria, thereby providing insights into breed-specific resistance against oxidative stress and highlighting the role of IL20RA in maintaining stem cell function.
Duodenum and Caecum Microbial Shift Modulates Immune and Antioxidant Response Through Energy Homeostasis in Hu Sheep Fed Vegetable Waste and Rice Straw Silage
Authors: Zafar Muhammad Hammad , Li Chuang , Lu Zhiqi , Lu Yue , Zhang Zhenbin , Qi Ruxin , Nazir Usman , Yang Kailun , Wang Mengzhi
Published: December 2024

The gradual decline in feed resources for livestock needs alternate ways to ensure non-stop feed supply throughout the year. The objective of this study was to evaluate the impact of vegetable waste and rice straw silage (VTRS) on immune response, antioxidant status, and microbial changes in duodenum and caecum in Hu sheep. Eight healthy male Hu sheep were randomly distributed into control (fed farm roughage) and VTRS (fed vegetable waste silage) groups for 35 days. Results had shown that silage had less mycotoxin content (p < 0.05). The VTRS increased butyrate content in duodenal digesta, while acetate, butyrate, total volatile fatty acids (TVFA), and valerate were enhanced in caecal digesta (p < 0.05). The VTRS also increased amylase activity in duodenum and ileum tissues, along with GLUT2 and SGLT1 expressions. In serum, Interleukin-10 (IL-10) concentration and total antioxidant capacity (T-AOC) were increased while malondialdehyde (MDA) was decreased. An increase in T-AOC and GSH-Px activity was also observed, along with increased IL-6, immunoglobulin A (IgA), and catalase in duodenum tissue (p < 0.05). Prevotella was increased in the duodenum and caecum, with Prevotellacae UCG-001 and Christensenellacae R-7 group representing the VTRS group in the duodenum (p < 0.05). KEGG pathway prediction also indicated the enrichment of energy metabolism-related pathways. Significant microbes had shown a significant correlation with immune parameters. It can be concluded that vegetable waste silage has the ability to improve antioxidant status, enhance energy metabolism, and balance intestinal microbiota in Hu sheep.
Structure Design and Optimization of MRE Vibration Isolator
Authors: Wang Shuaijun , Zhao Yi , Lei Han , Li Shaomin , Fang Hao , Ye Dahua
Published: December 2024

As an intelligent component, the high-performance MRE vibration isolator has great advantages, such as a wide vibration isolation frequency range and good performance in semi-active vibration reduction applications. In order to develop high-performance MRE devices, Firstly, this paper makes use of the advantages of real-time tracking/away from external excitation frequency of MRE devices, analyzes the working mode of MRE, and designs a shear MRE vibration isolator based on airborne equipment. Secondly, the material selection and magnetic circuit analysis of the MRE are also completed, and the magnetic field in the MRE region is maximized under the same input energy, thus improving the working efficiency of the MRE isolator. Finally, the relationship between magnetic induction intensity and structural size variables is established by the finite element method and the structural dimensionless method. Based on COMSOL multi-physics simulation software (version 6.0), the global optimization is carried out, the results show that the optimal solution satisfying the comprehensive index of optimal vibration isolation performance of the MRE isolator is obtained, then the structural parameters of the isolator are optimized, and its magnetic control performance is improved. The MRE vibration isolator designed in this paper meets the vibration isolation requirements of airborne optical equipment and has certain engineering application value.
Biomechanical and Injury Tolerance Analysis of Tibial Movement Under Different Postures and Impact Loads
Authors: Liu Lei , Qian Qian , Liu Hengjia , Liu Hongyan , Park Jong-Chul
Published: December 2024

The lower limbs play an important role in daily human activities. Therefore, a 3D tibial model is constructed, and finite element analysis is performed to investigate the biomechanical characteristics and injury tolerance of lower limb flexion movement. The maximum equivalent stress at 30° flexion was 19.1 MPa and 31.2 MPa in the normal and dynamic eversion positions, respectively, of the knee joint, 1.4 MPa and 1.1 MPa in the medial tibial plateau, and 1.8 MPa and 1.2 MPa in the lateral tibial plateau. The peak contact force was generally approximately 4000 N when different positions of the tibia were impacted. The maximum contact force of the frontal impact was larger than that of the external impact at 4109 N and 3927 N, respectively. The dynamic knee valgus posture and lateral impacts are more likely to cause tibial injury. The findings of this study provide information for the prevention of sports injuries and rehabilitation treatment.
Computer-Integrated Surface Image Processing of Hydrogen-Saturated Steel Wear Products
Authors: Balitskii Alexander I. , Kolesnikov Valerii O. , Balitska Valentina O. , Ivaskevych Ljubomyr M. , Dowejko Jakub M. , Pilecki Bartosz J. , Havrilyuk Maria R.
Published: December 2024

This paper briefly describes the conceptual direction of the application of computer vision (CV) methods that involve controlling the morphology of hydrogenated wear particles (WPs). During long-term operation, in the surface and subsurface layers of the materials of parts in the tribo-joint, changes in the micromechanisms of fracture occur, which change the morphology of WPs. It has been shown that the developed computer program (CP) can be used to monitor the fractography of the surface of wear particles, and, accordingly, it is possible to control changes in the surface morphology. Therefore, it is possible to predict the operational stability and durability of the tribo-joint. A conceptual scheme for determining the performance of a tribotechnical assembly depending on the determined parameters of WPs is presented. The modes marked on it, including normal operation, transient, run-in, and catastrophic failure, can be evaluated by robotics approaches.
Thermo-Mechanical Coupled Analysis of Electric Vehicle Drive Shafts
Authors: Kim Se-Eun , Jung Chang-Ho , Lee Moon-Gu , Han Sangwon , Park Jung-Lyul , Jeon Yongho
Published: December 2024

With the growing concerns over global warming and abnormal weather patterns, the development of eco-friendly technologies has emerged as a critical research area in the transportation industry. In particular, the global automotive market, one of the most widely used sectors, has witnessed a surge in research on electric vehicles (EVs) in line with these trends. Compared to traditional internal combustion engine vehicles, EVs require components with high strength and durability to achieve optimal performance. This study focuses on the development of a constant velocity (CV) joint, a critical component for reliably transmitting the maximum output of an electric vehicle motor. Unlike conventional numerical methods, the proposed thermo-mechanical coupled analysis simultaneously accounts for thermal and mechanical interactions, providing more realistic operational performance predictions. This analysis, conducted using the thermal modules of Ls-Dyna and ANSYS Mechanical, effectively simulated field operation scenarios. Prototype testing under simulated conditions showed a 6% discrepancy compared to numerical predictions, validating the high accuracy and reliability of the proposed method. This robust thermo-mechanical coupled analysis is expected to improve the durability and reliability of CV joint designs, advancing electric vehicle component development.
Performance Assessment of Atmospheric Water Generators: A Review of Evaluation Tools and Proposal for a Novel Advanced Global Evaluation Index for HVAC–AWG Hybrid Solutions
Authors: Cattani Lucia , Cattani Paolo , Figoni Roberto , Magrini Anna
Published: December 2024

In the context of an increasing water crisis and rising energy consumption, an integrated approach to plant design and improvement can be highly effective. Specifically, the use of advanced multipurpose Atmospheric Water Generator (AWG) machines, integrated into existing or new HVAC systems, can improve efficiency while simultaneously extracting atmospheric water. However, hybrid plant configurations, which encompass both integrated and traditional solutions, can be difficult to assess. This paper presents a brief review of the most widely used AWG evaluation tools and proposes a new index, called AGEI, designed to address the knowledge gap in evaluating hybrid plants from an efficiency perspective. The paper shows how this index provides results that more accurately reflect the real efficiency of hybrid plant configurations compared to the Global Evaluation Index (GEI), which is the only existing tool addressed to the evaluation of integrated multipurpose machines. The work is complemented by the application of AGEI to three complex hybrid plant configurations, two of which include a bottling system supplied by desalination for drinking water production. The index is straightforward and requires only knowledge of the useful effects produced by the analysed plant and their corresponding efficiency indicators.
Breast Histopathological Image Classification Based on Auto-Encoder Reconstructed Domain Adaptation
Authors: Wang Pin , Zhang Jinhua , Li Yongming , Guo Yurou , Li Pufei
Published: December 2024

As an effective computer-aided diagnostic tool, deep learning has been successfully applied to the classification of breast histopathological images. However, the performance of the deep model is data-driven, and it is difficult to obtain satisfied results when the number of histopathological images is small and labelling histopathological images is difficult. Moreover, in traditional deep learning methods, the representation of features is monotonous, which leads to the limitation of the classification performance of the model. This study proposes an auto-encoder reconstructed semi-supervised domain adaptation for a breast histopathological image classification algorithm. First, the model was pre-trained and transferred to extract high-level features of the sample images. Then, the encoding and decoding parts of the auto-encoder were used to reconstruct the feature representation learning and the sample feature reconstruction learning, respectively. This ensured that the useful information for the classification was purified and retained. At the same time, the domain discriminator was used to confuse the source and target domain features to enhance the learning ability of the model. Finally, the distribution difference of features at different depths of the auto-encoder was measured to minimize the discrepancy of feature distribution between domains, so as to complete the classification of histopathological images. Compared to the results of the comparative and ablation algorithms from the BreakHis to SNL datasets, the proposed method achieved the best results in terms of F1 score (93.40%), accuracy (95.24%), sensitivity (94.66%), and specificity (95.56%). The experimental results demonstrate that the proposed method achieves a remarkable classification performance.
High-Altitude Discharges and Whistlers of Volcanic Thunderstorms
Authors: Malkin Evgeniy I. , Shevtsov Boris M. , Cherneva Nina V. , Kazakov Evgeniy A. , Lichtenberger János
Published: December 2024

The results of the observations of atmospherics and whistlers initiated by high-altitude electrical discharges that occurred during the eruption of the Kamchatka volcanoes (Bezymianny and Shiveluch (Russia)) on 7 and 10 April 2023 are presented. Recording of atmospherics and associated whistlers was carried out by a VLF (very low frequencies) radio direction finder. Two-hop whistlers were identified by dispersion coefficient, which corresponded to the double passage of the signal from Kamchatka to Australia and back. The heights of the electric discharges were determined by means of interferograms of direct and reflected from the ionosphere radiofrequency atmospherics. The high-altitude distribution of an electric discharge is obtained, the penetration of which into the ionosphere is responsible for the generation of whistlers. The characteristics of volcanic electrical discharges and whistlers can be used to estimate the height of an explosive eruption.
Evidence and Explanation for the 2023 Global Warming Anomaly
Authors: Jones Roger N.
Published: December 2024

In 2023, the rapid increase in global temperature of around 0.25 °C caught the scientific community by surprise. Its cause has been investigated largely by exploring variations on a long-term trend, with little success. Building on previous work, this paper proposes an alternative explanation—on decadal timescales, observed temperature shows a complex, nonlinear response to forcing, stepping through a series of steady-state regimes. The 2023 event is nominated as the latest in the sequence. Step changes in historical and modeled global mean surface temperatures (GMSTs) were detected using the bivariate test. Each time series was then separated into gradual (trends) and rapid components (shifts) and tested using probative criteria. For sea surface, global and land surface temperatures from the NOAA Global Surface Temperature Dataset V6.0 1880–2022, the rapid component of total warming was 94% of 0.72 °C, 78% of 1.16 °C and 74% of 1.93 °C, respectively. These changes are too large to support the gradual warming hypothesis. The recent warming was initiated in March 2023 by sea surface temperatures (SSTs) in the southern hemisphere, followed by an El Niño signal further north. Global temperatures followed, then land. A preceding regime shift in 2014 and subsequent steady-state 2015–2022 was also initiated and sustained by SSTs. Analysis of the top 100 m annual average ocean temperature from 1955 shows that it forms distinct regimes, providing a substantial ‘heat bank’ that sustains the changes overhead. Regime shifts are also produced by climate models. Archived data show these shifts emerged with coupling of the ocean and atmosphere. Comparing shifts and trends with equilibrium climate sensitivity (ECS) in an ensemble of 94 CMIP5 RCP4.5 models 2006–2095 showed that shifts had 2.9 times the influence on ECS than trends. Factors affecting this relationship include ocean structure, initialization times, physical parameters and model skill. Single model runs with skill ≥75 showed that shifts were 6.0 times more influential than trends. These findings show that the dominant warming mechanism is the sudden release of heat from the ocean rather than gradual warming in the atmosphere. The model ensemble predicted all regime changes since the 1970s within ±1 year, including 2023. The next shift is projected for 2036, but current emissions are tracking higher than projected by RCP4.5. Understanding what these changes mean for the estimation of current and future climate risks is an urgent task.
Commutative Chain Rings with Index of Nilpotency 5 and Residue Field Fpm
Authors: Alhomaidhi Alhanouf Ali , Alabiad Sami , Alsarori Nawal A.
Published: December 2024

This paper gives a thorough characterization of chain rings with index of nilpotency 5 and residue field Fpm, where p represents a prime number, contributing valuable insights to the field of algebraic structures. It carefully identifies and categorizes the family of chain rings with these specifications, thereby enhancing the understanding of their properties and applications. In addition, the work offers a detailed enumeration of all chain rings containing p5m elements. The significance of finite chain rings is emphasized, particularly in their suitability for coding theory, which confirms their relevance in contemporary mathematical and engineering contexts.
ZnSe⊂MoSe2/rGO Petal-like Assembly as Fast and Stable Sodium Ion Storage Anodes
Authors: Xie Haoliang , Chen Shunxing , Yu Lianghao , Chen Guang , Jin Huile , Li Jun , Wang Shun , Wang Jichang
Published: December 2024

The development of high energy and power density sodium-ion batteries (SIBs) has attracted increasing interest in the last two decades due to the abundance and cost-effectiveness of sodium resources. Herein, this study developed a self-templating synthetic method to construct MoSe2 nanosheets which were intercalated by ZnSe nanoparticles and were anchored on the in situ reduced graphene oxide layers. The thus-fabricated composites exhibited excellent Coulombic efficiency, a remarkable rate capability and an exceptionally long cycle life when being utilized as the anode in SIBs. Specifically, a reversible capacity of 265 mAh g−1 was achieved at 20 A g−1, which could be maintained for 6400 cycles. At an ultra-high rate of 30.0 A g−1, the anode retained a capacity of 235 mAh g−1 after 9500 cycles. Such a strong performance was attributed to its unique porous structure and synergistic interactions of multi-components. The underlying sodium storage mechanism was further investigated through various techniques such as in situ X-ray diffraction spectroscopy, the galvanostatic intermittent titration method, etc. Overall, this study illustrates the great potential of clad-structured multicomponent hybrids in developing high-performance SIBs.
Changes in Growth and Metabolic Profile of Scutellaria baicalensis Georgi in Response to Sodium Chloride
Authors: Ślusarczyk Sylwester , Grzelka Kajetan , Jaśpińska Joanna , Pawlikowska-Bartosz Anna , Pecio Łukasz , Stafiniak Marta , Rahimmalek Mehdi , Słupski Wojciech , Cieślak Adam , Matkowski Adam
Published: December 2024

Scutellaria baicalensis Georgi is a valuable medicinal plant of the Lamiaceae family. Its roots have been used in Traditional Chinese Medicine (under the name Huang-qin) since antiquity and are nowadays included in Chinese and European Pharmacopoeias. It is abundant in bioactive compounds which constitute up to 20% of dried root mass. These substances are lipophilic flavones with unsubstituted B-ring, baicalein, and wogonin and their respective glucuronides–baicalin and wogonoside being the most abundant. The content of these compounds is variable and the environmental factors causing this remain partially unknown. The role of these compounds in stress response is still being investigated and in our efforts to measure the effect of NaCl treatment on S. baicalensis growth and metabolic profile, we hope to contribute to this research. Short-term exposure to salt stress (50, 100, and 150 mM NaCl) resulted in a marked increase of baicalein from 1.55 mg to 2.55 mg/g DM (1.6-fold), baicalin from 8.2 mg to 14.7 mg (1.8-fold), wogonin from 4.9 to 6.8 (1.4-fold), and wogonoside from 3.3 to 6.8 mg/g DM (2-fold) in the roots. Conversely, in the aerial parts, the content of individual major flavonoids: carthamidine-7-O-glucuronide and scutellarein-7-O-glucuronide decreased the most by 10–50% from 18.6 mg to 11.3 mg/g (1.6-fold less) and from 6.5 mg to 3.4 mg/g DM (0.52-fold less), respectively. The amino acid profile was also altered with an increase in root concentrations of the following amino acids: arginine from 0.19 to 0.33 mg/g (1.7-fold), glutamate from 0.09 to 0.16 mg/g DM (1.6-fold), alanine from 0.009 to 0.06 mg/g (6.8-fold), proline from 0.011 to 0.029 (2.4-fold) and lysine from 0.016 to 0.063 mg/g (3.9-fold). Aspartate concentration decreased from 0.01 to 0.002 mg/g (4.8-fold less) at 150 mM NaCl. In the aerial parts, the concentration and variation in levels of specific amino acids differed among groups. For instance, the glutamate content exhibited a significant increase exclusively in the treatment group, rising from 0.031 to 0.034 mg/g, representing a 1.2-fold increase. Proline concentration showed a marked increase across all treated groups with the highest from 0.011 to 0.11 mg/g (10-fold). In conclusion, moderate salt stress was shown to increase S. baicalensis root biomass and flavonoid content which is rarely observed in a glycophyte species and provides a foundation for further studies on the mechanisms of osmotic stress adaptation on the specialized metabolism level.
Special Issue “Nephrotic Syndrome: Pathomechanism, Diagnostics, and Novel Treatment Options”
Authors: Katayama Kan , Saiki Ryosuke , Dohi Kaoru
Published: December 2024

Nephrotic syndrome (NS) is characterized by massive proteinuria, hypoproteinemia, and edema [...]
Polyetheretherketone Double Functionalization with Bioactive Peptides Improves Human Osteoblast Response
Authors: Cassari Leonardo , Balducci Cristian , Messina Grazia M. L. , Iucci Giovanna , Battocchio Chiara , Bertelà Federica , Lucchetta Giovanni , Coward Trevor , Di Silvio Lucy , Marletta Giovanni , Zamuner Annj , Brun Paola , Dettin Monica
Published: December 2024

In recent years, the demand for orthopedic implants has surged due to increased life expectancy, necessitating the need for materials that better mimic the biomechanical properties of human bone. Traditional metal implants, despite their mechanical superiority and biocompatibility, often face challenges such as mismatched elastic modulus and ion release, leading to complications and implant failures. Polyetheretherketone (PEEK), a semi-crystalline polymer with an aromatic backbone, presents a promising alternative due to its adjustable elastic modulus and compatibility with bone tissue. This study explores the functionalization of sandblasted 3D-printed PEEK disks with the bioactive peptides Aoa-GBMP1α and Aoa-EAK to enhance human osteoblast response. Aoa-GBMP1α reproduces 48–69 trait of Bone Morphogenetic Protein 2 (BMP-2), whereas Aoa-EAK is a self-assembling peptide mimicking extracellular matrix (ECM) fibrous structure. Superficial characterization included X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), white light interferometer analysis, static water contact angle (S-WCA), and force spectroscopy (AFM-FS). Biological assays demonstrated a significant increase in human osteoblast (HOB) proliferation, calcium deposition, and expression of osteogenic genes (RUNX2, SPP1, and VTN) on functionalized PEEK compared to non-functionalized controls. The findings suggest that dual peptide-functionalized PEEK holds significant potential for advancing orthopedic implant technology.
Paper-Based Aptasensor Assay for Detection of Food Adulterant Sildenafil
Authors: Kavruk Murat , Ozalp Veli Cengiz
Published: December 2024

Sildenafil is used to treat erectile dysfunction and pulmonary arterial hypertension but is often illicitly added to energy drinks and chocolates. This study introduces a lateral flow strip test using aptamers specific to sildenafil for detecting its illegal presence in food. The process involved using graphene oxide SELEX to identify high-affinity aptamers, which were then converted into molecular gate structures on mesoporous silica nanoparticles, creating a unique signaling system. This system was integrated into lateral flow chromatography strips and tested on buffers and chocolate samples containing sildenafil. The method simplifies the lateral flow assay (LFA) for small molecules and provides a tool for signal amplification. The detection limit for these strips was found to be 68.2 nM (31.8 µg/kg) in spiked food samples.
Body-Related Visual Biasing Affects Accuracy of Reaching
Authors: Beazley Claude , Giannoni Stefano , Ionta Silvio
Published: December 2024

Background: Many daily activities depend on visual inputs to improve motor accuracy and minimize errors. Reaching tasks present an ecological framework for examining these visuomotor interactions, but our comprehension of how different amounts of visual input affect motor outputs is still limited. The present study fills this gap, exploring how hand-related visual bias affects motor performance in a reaching task (to draw a line between two dots). Methods: Our setup allowed us to show and hide the visual feedback related to the hand position (cursor of a computer mouse), which was further disentangled from the visual input related to the task (tip of the line). Results: Data from 53 neurotypical participants indicated that, when the hand-related visual cue was visible and disentangled from the task-related visual cue, accommodating movements in response to spatial distortions were less accurate than when the visual cue was absent. Conclusions: We interpret these findings with reference to the concepts of motor affordance of visual cues, shifts between internally- and externally-oriented cognitive strategies to perform movements, and body-related reference frames.
Destructive and Constructive Interparental Conflict, Parenting Stress, Unsupportive Parenting, and Children’s Insecurity: Examining Short-Term Longitudinal Dyadic Spillover and Crossover Process
Authors: Lee Uiju , Lee Young-Eun
Published: December 2024

Based on emotional security, stress, and spillover and crossover theories, this study aimed to examine the indirect pathways between destructive and constructive interparental conflict, parenting stress, unsupportive parenting, and child insecurity six months later. Using data from two time points beginning when Korean children (N = 159) were approximately 3–5 years old, two dual-mediation models of the relevant variables were constructed. The results indicate that destructive conflict is associated with higher levels of parenting stress, whereas constructive conflict is associated with lower levels of stress. Furthermore, mothers’ and fathers’ parenting stress influenced their own unsupportive parenting behaviors, which, in turn, influenced their children’s insecurity, suggesting a spillover effect. However, the crossover effect and mediation analyses provided partial support for various pathways of the hypotheses. By examining both destructive and constructive conflict, including both maternal and paternal variables, and examining not only spillover but also crossover effects, this study highlights that while constructive conflict may reduce parental stress and unsupportive parenting behaviors, the negative effects of destructive conflict may affect children more strongly. Particularly, by examining the spillover and crossover effects in the unique cultural context of Korean families, this study provides important insights into interparental conflict’s impact on child development.
Impact of Face Mask-Wearing on Quality of Life in Post-Surgical Oral Cancer Patients: A Cross-Sectional Study
Authors: Lan Romain , Silvestri Frédéric , Rhanoui Maryem , Bezier Cassandre , Fakhry Nicolas , Carrouel Florence , Mense Chloé
Published: December 2024

Background: Treatments for oral squamous cell carcinomas (OSCCs) often result in significant aesthetic and functional issues, impacting patients’ quality of life (QoL). The COVID-19 pandemic’s mask mandates may have provided psychosocial benefits by concealing facial disfigurements, potentially reducing stigma. This study aimed to assess the impact of mask-wearing on the QoL of patients surgically treated for OSCC. Methods: This single-center, cross-sectional study, conducted from June 2022 to December 2023, included patients who had completed their treatment and returned home before or during the mask-wearing mandate. They answered a questionnaire using a four-point Likert scale to evaluate the mask-wearing’s impact on QoL and the influence on it of physical appearance, tumor localization, radiotherapy, and treatment end date. Results: The questionnaire analysis found a high internal consistency among the questions (Cronbach’s alpha = 0.931). Considering 41 patients (median age 69, 63% male), wearing a mask significantly improved QoL, with a mean score of 1.66 compared to a score of 2.00 for patients not wearing it (p < 0.001). This improvement was particularly notable for appearance concerns, fear of perception by family or others, and sociability apprehension. The QoL, with or without mask use, was not significantly modified when considering physical appearance, tumor localization, radiotherapy, or end date of the treatment, as demonstrated by two-way ANOVA tests and multiple linear regression. Conclusions: Mask-wearing positively impacted QoL in OSCC patients, providing psychological relief from disfigurement and social stigma. Masks offer a simple, accessible solution to enhance QoL while awaiting a definitive prosthetic treatment, suggesting that their continued use could be beneficial in supportive care strategies.
The Potential Therapeutic Value of Aspirin in Anaplastic Thyroid Cancer
Authors: Baldini Enke , Cardarelli Silvia , Lori Eleonora , Bonati Elena , Gagliardi Federica , Pironi Daniele , Fallahi Poupak , Antonelli Alessandro , D’Andrea Vito , Ulisse Salvatore , Sorrenti Salvatore
Published: December 2024

Background: several experimental findings and epidemiological observations indicated that aspirin/acetylsalicylic acid (ASA) may be endowed with anticancer effects against a variety of human malignancies, including thyroid carcinomas. Among these, undifferentiated/anaplastic thyroid carcinoma (ATC) is one of the most aggressive and lethal human cancers, refractory to all currently available therapies. Methods: we here evaluated in a preclinical setting the effects of ASA on a panel of three ATC-derived cell lines: the CAL-62, the 8305C, and the 8505C. Results: the data obtained demonstrated the ability of ASA to inhibit, in a dose- and time-dependent manner, the proliferation of all ATC cell lines investigated, with IC50 values comprised between 2.0 and 4.3 mM. Cell growth was restrained with the same efficacy when the ASA treatment was applied to three-dimensional soft-agar cultures. In addition, ASA significantly reduced migration and invasion in two of the three ATC cell lines. We finally investigated the effects of ASA on the MAPK and PI3K/Akt signaling pathways, which are often altered in ATC. The results showed that the phosphorylation status of the Akt1/2/3 kinases was significantly reduced following ASA treatment, while ERK1/2 phosphorylation was either unaffected or slightly upregulated. Conclusions: our findings support epidemiological evidence on the anticancer potential of ASA. On this basis, further investigations should be carried out to assess the usefulness of ASA as adjuvant therapy in patients affected by ATC.
Second-Generation Antipsychotics Induce Metabolic Disruption in Adipose Tissue-Derived Mesenchymal Stem Cells Through an aPKC-Dependent Pathway
Authors: Varalda Marco , Venetucci Jacopo , Nikaj Herald , Kankara Chaitanya Reddy , Garro Giulia , Keivan Nazanin , Bettio Valentina , Marzullo Paolo , Antona Annamaria , Valente Guido , Gentilli Sergio , Capello Daniela
Published: December 2024

Metabolic syndrome (MetS) is a cluster of metabolic abnormalities, including visceral obesity, dyslipidemia, and insulin resistance. In this regard, visceral white adipose tissue (vWAT) plays a critical role, influencing energy metabolism, immunomodulation, and oxidative stress. Adipose-derived stem cells (ADSCs) are key players in these processes within vWAT. While second-generation antipsychotics (SGAs) have significantly improved treatments for mental health disorders, their chronic use is associated with an increased risk of MetS. In this study, we explored the impact of SGAs on ADSCs to better understand their role in MetS and identify potential therapeutic targets. Our findings reveal that olanzapine disrupts lipid droplet formation during adipogenic differentiation, impairing insulin receptor endocytosis, turnover, and signaling. SGAs also alter the endolysosomal compartment, leading to acidic vesicle accumulation and increased lysosomal biogenesis through TFEB activation. PKCζ is crucial for the SGA-induced nuclear translocation of TFEB and acidic vesicle formation. Notably, inhibiting PKCζ restored insulin receptor tyrosine phosphorylation, normalized receptor turnover, and improved downstream signaling following olanzapine treatment. This activation of PKCζ by olanzapine is driven by increased phosphatidic acid synthesis via phospholipase D (PLD), following G protein-coupled receptor (GPCR) signaling activation. Overall, olanzapine and clozapine disrupt endolysosomal homeostasis and insulin signaling in a PKCζ-dependent manner. These findings highlight SGAs as valuable tools for uncovering cellular dysfunction in vWAT during MetS and may guide the development of new therapeutic strategies to mitigate the metabolic side effects of these drugs.
α-Synuclein Deletion Impairs Platelet Function: A Role for SNARE Complex Assembly
Authors: Sennett Christopher , Jia Wanzhu , Khalil Jawad S. , Hindle Matthew S. , Coupland Charlie , Calaminus Simon D. J. , Langer Julian D. , Frost Sean , Naseem Khalid M. , Rivero Francisco , Ninkina Natalia , Buchman Vladimir , Aburima Ahmed
Published: December 2024

Granule secretion is an essential platelet function that contributes not only to haemostasis but also to wound healing, inflammation, and atherosclerosis. Granule secretion from platelets is facilitated, at least in part, by Soluble N-ethylmaleimide-Sensitive Factor (NSF) Attachment Protein Receptor (SNARE) complex-mediated granule fusion. Although α-synuclein is a protein known to modulate the assembly of the SNARE complex in other cells, its role in platelet function remains poorly understood. In this study, we provide evidence that α-synuclein is critical for haemostasis using α-synuclein-deficient (−/−) mice. The genetic deletion of α-synuclein resulted in impaired platelet aggregation, secretion, and adhesion in vitro. In vivo haemostasis models showed that α-synuclein−/− mice had prolonged bleeding times and activated partial thromboplastin times (aPTTs). Mechanistically, platelet activation induced α-synuclein serine (ser) 129 phosphorylation and re-localisation to the platelet membrane, accompanied by an increased association with VAMP 8, syntaxin 4, and syntaxin 11. This phosphorylation was calcium (Ca2+)- and RhoA/ROCK-dependent and was inhibited by prostacyclin (PGI2). Our data suggest that α-synuclein regulates platelet secretion by facilitating SNARE complex formation.
Determination of Methotrexate Using an Electrochemical Sensor Based on Carbon Paste Electrode Modified with NiO Nanosheets and Ionic Liquid
Authors: Mohammadzadeh Jahani Peyman , Tajik Somayeh , Beitollahi Hadi , Garkani Nejad Fariba , Dourandish Zahra
Published: December 2024

In this paper, the application of NiO nanosheets (NiO NSs) for the detection of methotrexate (MTX) is described. The NiO NSs were synthesized using a hydrothermal method. The electrocatalytic activity of two modifiers, ionic liquid (IL) and NiO NSs, was examined on a carbon paste electrode (CPE) in relation to MTX, utilizing voltammetry methods such as cyclic voltammetry (CV), linear sweep voltammetry (LSV), differential pulse voltammetry (DPV), and chronoamperometry at 0.1 M phosphate buffer solution (PBS) pH = 7.0. The anodic peak currents for MTX on the NiO NSs/IL/CPE were approximately 3.5 times greater than those on unmodified CPE. Based on DPV measurements, the electrochemical sensor demonstrated a linear response in the concentration range (LDR: 0.01 µM to 160.0 µM), with a limit of detection (LOD: 0.003 µM). Moreover, the NiO NSs/IL/CPE sensor demonstrated good stability, repeatability, reproducibility, and selectivity, which were of importance in the electroanalysis of compounds. Lastly, the practicality of the NiO NSs/IL/CPE sensor was assessed by analyzing MTX levels in urine samples and pharmaceutical formulation, yielding satisfactory recovery rates of 97.1% to 103.3%.
Sustainable Biopolymer-Based Electrochemical Sensors for Trace Heavy Metal Determination in Water: A Comprehensive Review
Authors: Helim Rabiaa , Zazoua Ali , Korri-Youssoufi Hafsa
Published: December 2024

The growing concern over heavy metal contamination in environmental and industrial settings has intensified the need for sensitive, selective, and cost-effective detection technologies. Electrochemical sensors, due to their high sensitivity, rapid response, and portability, have emerged as promising tools for detecting heavy metals. Recent years have seen significant progress in utilizing biopolymer-based materials to enhance the performance of these sensors. Biopolymers, derived from renewable raw materials, have garnered considerable interest in both science and industry. These biopolymer-based composites are increasingly recognized as superior alternatives to conventional non-biodegradable materials because of their ability to degrade through environmental exposure. This review provides a comprehensive overview of recent advancements in biopolymer-based electrochemical sensors for heavy metal detection. It discusses various types of biopolymers and bio-sourced polymers, their extraction methods, and chemical properties. Additionally, it highlights the state of the art in applying biopolymers to electrochemical sensor development for heavy metal detection, synthesizing recent advances and offering insights into design principles, fabrication strategies, and analytical performance. This review underscores the potential of biopolymer-based sensors as cost-effective, eco-friendly, and efficient tools for addressing the pressing issue of heavy metal contamination in water and discusses their advantages and limitations. It also outlines future research directions to further enhance the performance and applicability of these sensors.
Comparative Effects of Vitamin D Supplementation on Oxidative Stress in Relapsing–Remitting Multiple Sclerosis
Authors: Lis Martyna , Niedziela Natalia , Adamczyk-Zostawa Jowita , Zalejska-Fiolka Jolanta , Szczygieł Jarosław , Sowa Agata , Świętek Agata , Adamczyk-Sowa Monika
Published: December 2024

Studies suggest that vitamin D (VitD) may reduce oxidative stress (OS) in multiple sclerosis (MS) patients. This study aimed to compare the effects of various VitD doses on OS in relapsing–remitting MS (RRMS). A 6-month supplementation was introduced using two doses of VitD: 2000 IU/day in the high-dose group (HD, n = 23) and 15,960 IU/month in the low-dose group (LD, n = 29). Significant differences in body weight, height, and age were found between groups. A significant increase in the level of VitD (25(OH)D) was noted in both groups (p < 0.01). A significant increase was observed in the levels of LF and MDA (p < 0.01) and a significant decrease in the concentrations of PSH (p < 0.01), CuZnSOD (p = 0.02), and TOS (p < 0.01). A significant positive correlation was observed between serum VitD and SOD (R = 0.38, p < 0.01) and MnSOD (R = 0.31, p < 0.05), as well as a significant negative correlation between serum VitD and MDA (R = −0.31, p = 0.05) at the beginning of the study. At the end of the study, a significant positive correlation was observed between serum VitD and SOD (R = 0.34, p < 0.05) and CuZnSOD (R = 0.51, p < 0.01). In RRMS patients, the VitD doses are probably insufficient to induce a beneficial effect on the pro- and antioxidant balance.
Applying Classification Techniques in Machine Learning to Predict Job Satisfaction of University Professors: A Sociodemographic and Occupational Perspective
Authors: Espinosa-Pinos Carlos Alberto , Acosta-Pérez Paúl Bladimir , Valarezo-Calero Camila Alessandra
Published: December 2024

This article investigates the factors that affect the job satisfaction of university teachers for which 400 teachers from 4 institutions (public and private) in Ecuador were stratified, resulting in a total of 1600 data points collected through online forms. The research was of a cross-sectional design and quantitative and used machine learning techniques of classification and prediction to analyze variables such as ethnic identity, field of knowledge, gender, number of children, job burnout, perceived stress, and occupational risk. The results indicate that the best classification model is neural networks with a precision of 0.7304; the most significant variables for predicting the job satisfaction of university teachers are: the number of children they have, scores related to perceived stress, professional risk, and burnout, province of the university at which the university teacher surveyed works, and city where the teacher works. This is in contrast to marital status, which does not contribute to its prediction. These findings highlight the need for inclusive policies and effective strategies to improve teacher well-being in the university academic environment.
Skin Barrier-Improving and Skin-Soothing Effects of Autophagy-Activating Peptide on Sensitive Skin
Authors: Eun Sohee , Lim Minhye , Jung Juyeon , Shin Kayoung , Kim Sungwoo , Kim Yeonjae , Nam Gaewon , Jeong Sekyoo , Kim Hyunjung
Published: December 2024

Among the complex and diverse triggering and aggravating factors for sensitive skin syndrome, potential defects in skin barrier function are considered one of the most important ones. Previously, we have reported improvements in skin barrier function thanks to autophagy-activating peptide derivatives. Further investigation revealed that the activation of autophagy signaling in skin cells also attenuated inflammatory responses induced by UV irradiation or exposure to pollution. In this study, in vitro and ex vivo human skin explant models were used to evaluate the potential benefits of the autophagy-activating peptide, pentasodium tetracarboxymethyl palmitoyl didpeptide-12 (PTPD-12), on sensitive skin-related parameters. Clinical efficacy testing was also performed to confirm the skin barrier-improving and skin-soothing activities of the autophagy-activating peptide. As a result, significant reductions in inflammatory cytokine (IL-8 and TNF-α) and enzyme activity (PDE4) were observed in the in vitro system. Increased expression of barrier marker proteins by PTPD-12 in UV-irradiated human skin tissue was observed ex vivo. In a clinical study, delayed response to topical capsaicin-induced vascular activation, which represents enhanced epidermal permeability barrier function, was observed after 4 weeks of application of PTPD-12 in healthy volunteers. In another clinical study with sensitive skin carriers identified via a lactic acid stinging test, a significant reduction in trans-epidermal water loss (TEWL) and skin erythema index was observed after 4 weeks of PTPD-12 usage. These results suggest that the activation of autophagy can be a potential treatment regimen for sensitive skin syndrome, specifically in terms of skin barrier function enhancement and skin soothing.
Morphotaxonomic Assessment of the pratensis Species Complex with Ontogenetic Development and Redescription of Oligonychus pratensis (Banks) (Acari: Prostigmata: Tetranychidae)
Authors: Mushtaq Hafiz Muhammad Saqib , Mirza Jawwad Hassan , Ali Hafiz Muhammad Sajid , Kamran Muhammad , Alatawi Fahad Jaber
Published: December 2024

The Banks grass mite/New World date mite, Oligonychus pratensis (Banks) (Acari: Prostigmata: Tetranychidae), is a globally distributed and economically significant agricultural pest. The present study comprehensively addresses the morphotaxonomic identification of globally reported populations of O. pratensis, to resolve ambiguities within the pratensis complex. Detailed morphological characterizations of all mobile stages (larva, protonymph, deutonymph, male, and female) of the Californian population of O. pratensis were provided, with key diagnostic traits utilized in this taxonomic assessment. The taxonomic notes are provided for worldwide populations of O. pratensis reported from six biogeographic realms. The taxonomic identity of the claimed populations of O. pratensis from South Africa (Afrotropical realm), El Salvador (Neotropical realm), China, Pakistan (Oriental realm), and Saudi Arabia (Palearctic realm) were found to either be “doubtful” or exhibit notable differences compared to the Californian population. Notably, the purported Chinese population of O. pratensis was identified as a cryptic species, likely a novel taxon within the gossypii species subgroup. Furthermore, the study confirmed the absence of O. pratensis in Saudi Arabia. Additionally, ontogenetic changes across developmental stages are documented. The findings of this study may contribute to a clearer understanding of the true distribution and global occurrence of O. pratensis, providing robust diagnostic characteristics to support future research.
Correction: Kim et al. Spatial Distribution Pattern of the Mesozooplankton Community in Ross Sea Region Marine Protected Area (RSR MPA) during Summer. Diversity 2024, 16, 174
Authors: Kim Sung Hoon , Son Wuju , Kim Jeong-Hoon , La Hyoung Sul
Published: December 2024

The authors realized that there were critical inaccuracies in their environmental data analysis, specifically related to chlorophyll (chl) and nutrient concentrations [...]
Biodiversity of Sweet Cherry in Sardinia
Authors: De Pau Luciano , Fernandes de Oliveira Ana , Frau Alessandra Fabiana , Rigoldi Maria Pia , Di Salvo Riccardo , Scanu Giandomenico , Satta Daniela
Published: December 2024

The study of biodiversity is of fundamental importance in the context of environmental protection and eco-sustainable agriculture management. Its preservation has a key role and an extraordinary importance not only for the protection of potential gene pools, which is essential for selection and breeding programs, but also because local varieties are the expression of a territory and therefore reflect culture, knowledge, and tradition heritage. In this paper, 27 local cherry varieties collected in different areas of Sardinia were characterized and described from different perspectives, including pomology and genetics, using SSR markers. A complete framework on the biodiversity of cherry trees in Sardinia is presented, in order to support an objective assessment of different cultivar traits, namely those of agronomical interest, and to support the dissemination and conservation of the historical fruit tree cultivation heritage.
Henoch-Schönlein Purpura (IgA Vasculitis) Chronic Lesions: How Fluorescence Imaging of Bacteria Illuminated the Way Toward Healing
Authors: Reiter Homer-Christian J. , Andersen Charles A.
Published: December 2024

Background/Objectives: IgA vasculitis, formerly Henoch-Schönlein purpura (HSP), is a form of systemic vasculitis that most commonly affects children. We present a case of hard-to-heal lower extremity lesions in a patient with confirmed IgA vasculitis or HSP. Methods: The patient was serially imaged with a handheld, bacterial autofluorescence imaging device across subsequent visits. Results: Due to the identification of bacterial burden presence that was not clinically evident, the patient was prescribed antibiotics and promptly healed. Conclusions: This case illustrates the value of bacterial fluorescence imaging in dermatological cases.