bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Cultural influence, economic security, and the fertility behavior of the Chinese in Canada
Authors: Tang Zongli
Published: July 2017

This study explores interactions of cultural influence and economic insecurity and their effects on the fertility behavior of the Chinese in Canada. The
importance of group context on the actions of individuals is measured through data from the PUST of the 1971 and 1991 Canadian Censuses. Contextual
analysis and random coefficient models are the major statistical tools employed to achieve the above objectives. The Chinese-Canadians are compared to the British-Canadians, who are used as the reference group. The findings suggest that Chinese reproductive norms with pronatalist endowments exert strong influence on the fertility behavior of the Chinese in Canada. This influence effectively counteracts the negative effects of economic insecurity and encourages Chinese immigrants to quickly recover their fertility deficit after the initial immigration stage. The effects of the origin culture on fertility diminish with increasing exposure to the host society. However, even among the nativeborn or Canadian-born Chinese, the influence of Chinese reproductive norms is still present though not as strong as among the foreign-born Chinese.
Childbearing among Canadian stepfamilies
Authors: Heintz-Martin Valerie , Le Bourdais Céline , Hamplová Dana
Published: July 2017

This article analyses childbearing in stepfamilies in Canada, using the 2001 General Social Survey on family. It estimates the probability that stepfamily couples will give birth to a child according to the composition of the stepfamily, and then moves on to explore the factors that are associated with such an event. Particular attention is given to the type of union, parental status, and number of children of both partners. Contrary to past studies, this research is based not only on women’s retrospective conjugal and parental histories but also on those reported by male respondents, and it controls for women’s work status.
An exploration of the effects of pandemic influenza on infant mortality in Toronto, 1917–1921
Authors: Hallman Stacey
Published: July 2017

This study investigates infant mortality from pandemic influenza in Toronto, Canada, from September to December 1918, through theRegistered Death Records of the Province of Ontario. A comparison of infant deaths in 1918 to surrounding years (1917–21) revealedthat although mortality rates remained relatively stable, there were changes in the mortality profile during the epidemic. Deaths frominfluenza did increase slightly, and the epidemic altered the expected sex ratio of infant deaths. Although communities may be greatly strained by an influenza epidemic, the infant mortality rate may be more representative of long-term social and environmental conditions rather than acute, intensive crises.
Changing BMI scores among Canadian Indigenous and non-Indigenous children, youth, and young adults: Untangling age, period, and cohort effects
Authors: Wilk Piotr , Maltby Alana , Cooke Martin
Published: July 2017

The objective of this study was to examine age, period and cohort effects on BMI among Indigenous and non-Indigenous populations, using repeated cross-sectional survey data from the CCHS (2001 to 2014). Cross-classified random-effect two-level models were used to estimate fixed effects for age and its quadratic term (Level 1), and also to estimate random effects for time periods and birth cohorts (Level 2), while controlling for the effects of Level 1 control variables: sex, model of interview and response by proxy. Overall, the results support the hypothesis that age and period effects are primarily responsible for the current obesity epidemic.L’objectif de cette étude était d’examiner les effets de l’âge, de la période et de la cohorte sur l’IMC chez les populations autochtones et non autochtones, en utilisant des données d’enquêtes transversales répétées de l’ESCC (2001 à 2014). On a utilisé des modèles à deux niveaux à effets aléatoires croisés pour estimer les effets fixes pour l’âge et son terme quadratique (niveau 1), et également estimer les effets aléatoires pour les périodes et les cohortes de naissance (niveau 2), tout en contrôlant les effets du niveau 1 Variables de contrôle: sexe, modèle d’interview et réponse par procuration. Dans l’ensemble, les résultats confirment l’hypothèse selon laquelle les effets de l’âge et de la période sont les principaux responsables de l’épidémie actuelle d’obésité.
Adult mortality in preindustrial Quebec
Authors: Lacroix Claudine , Desjardins Bertrand
Published: July 2017

This paper presents the main results of a detailed study on adult mortality in French Canadians born before 1750 and having married inthe colony of New France. Using data from parish registers, mortality is studied using abridged life tables, with staggered entries according to age at first marriage. Survival tables and log-Rank tests are used to support the results. Three features were selected for the study of differential mortality: gender, type of residence area (urban or rural), and cohort. The mortality of French Canadians is compared to that of their French contemporaries.
The age pattern of retirement: Comparisons of longitudinal, pseudo-cohort, and period measures
Authors: Denton Frank T. , Finnie Ross , Spencer Byron G.
Published: July 2017

Retirement patterns change. When that happens, measures based on single-period cross-sectional data may provide a misleading picture of cohort retirement behaviour. We offer two cohort-based measures. One draws on income tax records to follow actual cohorts of individuals over time, the other on a time-series of cross-sectional surveys. We find that the retirement patterns based on the two approaches are similar but differ, often substantially, from single-period patterns. While pseudo-cohort measures can be assessed more quickly and at lower cost, knowledge of differences across income groups, income replacement rates, and so on, must rely on full longitudinal records.
Cohort Working Life Tables for Older Canadians
Authors: Denton Frank T. , Feaver Christine H. , Spencer Byron G.
Published: July 2017

We construct cohort working life tables for Canadian men and women aged 50
and older and, for comparison, corresponding period tables. The tables are
derived using annual single-age time series of participation rates for 1976-2006
from the master files of the Statistics Canada Labour Force Survey. The cohort
calculations are based on stochastic projections of mortality coupled with
alternative assumptions about future participation rates. Separate tables are
provided for the years 1976, 1991, and 2006, thus spanning a period of
substantial gains in life expectancy and strong upward trends in female
participation. Life expectancies based on the cohort tables are greater than
those based on the period tables, for both men and women, and that is reflected in increased retirement expectancies. For example, a male aged 50 in 1976 could have expected to live three years longer and to have almost four more years in retirement, based on the male cohort table under medium assumptions, as compared with the corresponding period table.
Does demography need differential equations?
Authors: Burch Thomas K.
Published: July 2017

The starting point for this essay is the observation—partly impressionistic—that demography as a discipline has tended to neglect the predator-prey equations in courses, textbooks, compendia, and research
papers. This is surprising, since the equations bear the name of A. J. Lotka, one of the acknowledged founders of modern demography. This relative neglect is unfortunate, since a central fact about the human species is that we are deeply implicated in nature as both predator and prey. Possible explanations for
this situation are discussed, including a general neglect of systematic theory, and of differential equations, a branch of mathematics especially suited to the statement and exploration of theories of demographic processes.
Delayed measles mortality among exposed children who survived the epidemic of 1714–15 in New France
Authors: Mazan Ryan
Published: July 2017

This follow-up study examines delayed mortality of children under age 5 who were exposed to measles and survived the acute phase ofthe 1714–15 epidemic in Quebec. The objective of the study was to assess whether exposed children had higher long-term mortality thanunexposed children, by following them for 25 months past the estimated date of infection. Overall, children exposed before age 3 had higher long-term mortality than unexposed children. The difference remained significant while assessing other risk factors. Delayed mortality also varied by age and sex. Only exposed female infants had a significantly higher risk of dying, while both exposed male and female toddlers had higher mortality. No significant difference was found among children exposed after age 3. Findings are explained in terms of modern post-measles studies in Africa and of previous measles studies in New France.
Does Divorce Risk in Sweden depend on Spouses' Relative Income? A Study of Marriages from 1981 to 1998
Authors: Liu Guiping , Vikat Andres
Published: July 2017

The relationship between increasing women’s earnings and rising divorce rates frequently has been explained by the so-called independence effect: If a wife enjoys a higher earning than her husband does, she gains less from marriage. It has also been argued that in a society with egalitarian gender attitudes this effect is less important. In this paper, we test if the independence effect applies to Sweden, a country in which egalitarian gender views dominate and female labour-force participation and divorce rates are high. Our analysis is based on a large register data set and intensity regression models. We found support for the ‘independence effect’: The relationship between the share of a wife’s income and the divorce risk is positive regardless of the couple’s total income and the wife’s education level.
Ramifications of ostracism as a consequence of revelation of HIV positive status: its effect o individuals and families in Botswana
Authors: Langeni Tabitha T.
Published: July 2017

Using primary data and a combination of qualitative and quantitative methods
the study looks into ramifications of ostracism as a factor influencing people’s
behavior towards the spread of HIV/AIDS, which have devastating effects on
the structure and composition of the family in Botswana. The study showed that the highest proportion of respondents who would abandon an HIV positive partner (58.4%) occurs among young people aged 15 to 19 years; and that the propensity to abandon an HIV positive partner diminishes with advancement in age. In-depth inquiries on why HIV positive partners would be abandoned produced responses that revolved around fear of exposure, vulnerability and association with an HIV positive individual. The study showed that the highest proportion of respondents who would not reveal their HIV positive status occurs among those who have lost a relative or a friend to AIDS. Fear of being isolated, rejected, stigmatized and unwanted featured among the top reasons why respondents would not reveal their HIV positive status. Society’s reaction towards HIV positive individuals and families with HIV/AIDS patients appeared strong enough to drive individuals to hide their positive status and to go ahead and take the risk of onward transmission of the virus.
Canadian birth seasonality and its possible association with seasonal brightness
Authors: Cummings David R.
Published: July 2017

This paper tests whether atmospheric brightness is related to Canadian birth seasonality ten-eleven months earlier. Births and visibility (brightness) are correlated nation-wide and in nine provinces/cities. For the national correlation, r=0.928. Therefore, seasonal brightness provides a plausible explanation for inter-annual changes in seasonality, and may reconcile divergent viewpoints. Easy verification is a major strength, although underlying causality remains unknown. While these results suggest a direct association between seasonal brightness and seasonality, brightness may not be an exclusive determinant.
Aging and the Necessity of a Radical Reform of the Canadian Pension System
Authors: Henripin Jacques
Published: July 2017

Compared to the 29 other members of OECD, Canadian workers must satisfy themselves with a rather timorous public pension system, particularly those who earn a middle or higher income. This weakness is somewhat corrected by private pension organizations, but only a third of employees are covered by them. The author proposes that all workers have access to such programs and even that they are mandatory. There would be many of them; they would function on the basis of capitalization; they would be public or private. The choice of the capitalization financial principle is almost essential, due to future population aging. The author displays his convictions about these proposals, as well as practical ways to implement such a program.
Changes in Disability-Free Life Expectancy in Canada between 1994 and 2007
Authors: Margolis Rachel , Mandich Scott
Published: July 2017

Life expectancy at birth continues to increase in Canada, reaching 81.2 years in 2009. Knowing whether these older years are healthy or disabled is critical for policymakers. We examine changes in disability-free life expectancy for men and women in Canada in 1994 and 2007 using the Sullivan method. We find that increases in life expectancy for men were due to a moderate increase in healthy years and a larger increase in disabled years. The increases in life expectancy for womenwere driven almost completely by increases in disabled years, suggesting an “expansion of morbidity” among women.
The Boomerang Age from Childhood to Adulthood: Emergent Trends and Issues for Aging Families
Authors: Mitchell Barbara A.
Published: July 2017

From a historical, cross-comparative, life course perspective, this paper examines changing family-related transitions to adulthood and emergent trends and issues for aging families. Primary focus is placed on Canadian families, although comparisons will be made with several Western industrialized countries (U.S., Britain, France, Italy, Sweden). Using nationally representative data, key findings reveal a general extension of young adulthood, in addition to continuation, diversity and reversibility of family behaviours. Future patterns are also explored, in light of other socio-demographic and socio-economic change. It is concluded that aging families of the future will likely display elements of both modified individualism and increased diversification.
Projecting the future of Canada's population: assumptions, implications, and policy
Authors: Beaujot Roderic
Published: July 2017

After considering the assumptions for fertility, mortality and international migration, this paper looks at implications of the evolving demographics for population growth, labour force, retirement, and population distribution. With the help of policies favouring gender equity and supporting families of various types, fertility in Canada could avoid the particularly low levels seen in some countries, and remain at levels closer to 1.6 births per woman. The prognosis in terms of both risk factors and treatment suggests further reductions in mortality toward a life expectancy of 85. On immigration, there are political interests for levels as high as 270,000 per year, while levels of 150,000 correspond to the long term post-war average. The future will see slower population growth, and due to migration more than natural increase. International migration of some 225,000 per year can enable Canada to avoid population decline, and sustain the size of the labour force, but all scenarios show much change in the relative size of the retired compared to the labour force population. According to the ratio of persons aged 20-64 to that aged 65 and over, there were seven persons at labour force ages per person at retirement age in 1951, compared to five in 2001 and probably less than 2.5 in 2051. Growth that is due to migration more so than natural increase will accentuate the urbanization trend and the unevenness of the population distribution over space. Past projections have under-projected the mortality improvements and their impact on the relative size of the population at
older age groups. Policies regarding fertility, mortality and migration could be
aimed at avoiding population decline and reducing the effect of aging, but there is lack of an institutional basis for policy that would seek to endogenize
population.
After the First Steps: The Evolution of the National Population Health Survey
Authors: Yeo Douglas
Published: July 2017

Many changes take place over the lifetime of a longitudinal panel survey. Changing priorities, new supplements, and conflicting demands are factors that may be unforeseen. The evolution of the National Population Health Survey (NPHS) since its first cycle in 1994/95 is discussed in this context. Statistics Canada contacts panel members every two years for twenty years, to estimate the health of Canadians and its determinants, health care use, and other characteristics. The NPHS was designed to provide both longitudinal and cross-sectional estimates, and to allow sample and content supplements. This paper describes the NPHS and the changes in focus needed to move the panel forward to cycle 2 and beyond.
The Flow of Labour and Goods in
Canada’s International Migration System: 1986-1996
Authors: Kim Ann H.
Published: July 2017

This paper reviews the theoretical and empirical implications of multiple
linkages between countries for migration flows to Canada, from 1986 to 1996.
The findings reveal that for a given year, social networks and export trade were the two key factors that determined the variation of in-migration flows across source countries. The examination of change in the migration system showed that changes in migration flows were more likely to be explained by changes in the level of development in origin countries and in the size of immigrant communities in the host country than by changes in the value of economic trade.
Complicating food security: Definitions, discourses, commitments
Authors: Ramp William
Published: July 2017

Food security is now commonly seen as one of the defining global issues of the century, intertwined with population and consumption shifts, climate change, environmental degradation, water scarcity, and the geopolitics attending globalization. Some analysts suggest that food security threats are so urgent that philosophical scruples must be set aside in order to concentrate all resources on developing and implementing radical strategies to avert a looming civilizational crisis. This article suggests that definitions of food security invoke commitments and have consequences, and that continued critical and conceptual attention to the language employed in food security research and policy is warranted.
Immigration and Integration in Urban Communities: Renegotiating the City
Authors: Fong Eric
Published: July 2017

Immigration and Integration in Urban Communities: Renegotiating the City
Fertility decline and social change: new trends and challenges
Authors: Ram Bali
Published: July 2017

This article presents an overview of recent fertility declines and their effects
on social change in both industrialized and industrializing countries. The
focus is primarily on the levels and age patterns of fertility, which influence
social change through three major mechanisms, reductions in population
growth, modifications in age structure, and changes in family structure.
Some future prospects are also discussed, especially in the view of the
viability of immigration as a solution to population stability, graying of the
industrialized world, intergenerational support, and loneliness.
Comment on Hou’s Immigrant entry earnings over the past quarter-century: The roles of changing characteristics and returns to skills
Authors: DeVoretz Don J.
Published: July 2017

Commentary to Dr. Feng Hou's article.
Socioeconomic correlates of utilization of maternal health services by tribal women in India
Authors: Shah Reena , Bélanger Danièle
Published: July 2017

Based on two waves of the National Family Health Surveys of India, this paper studies the effect of maternal characteristics on women’s likelihood of using prenatal and delivery healthcare services among two groups of tribal women. Results show that tribal women in the northeastern states of India are more likely to utilize maternal healthcare facilities compared to those in the central states of the country. Women who work are less likely to utilize healthcare services. The findings call for different strategies for the implementation of healthcare services in different tribal regions of the country.
Marriage and Cohabitation: Demographic and Socioeconomic Differences in Quebec and Canada
Authors: Kerr Don , Moyser Melissa , Beaujot Roderic
Published: July 2017

Cohabitation has become so prevalent in Canada that it is now the most common mode of entry into conjugality. Yet in drawing comparisons across Canadian provinces, cohabitation is far more prevalent in the province of Quebec than elsewhere. With this in mind, the purpose of the current paper is three fold. First, we set out to briefly situate the recent growth in the number of common-law unions in Canada and Quebec into a broader historical and international context. Secondly, we review available information from the 2001 Census and the 1998 General Social Survey on some of the key socioeconomic and demographic characteristics of persons who cohabit relative to those that marry. Thirdly, we consider how these changes are important to public policy, and of direct interest to legislators and the Canadian legal system. Major differences are documented in comparing Quebec with elsewhere in Canada in terms of the education, labor force participation, median income, income poverty and homeownership. The differences documented between persons who marry relative to cohabiters are found to be much less in Quebec than elsewhere, in a context whereby cohabitation has become far more widespread, an observation with direct implications for public policy.
A latent class analysis of sexual and romantic relationships among HIV-positive and HIV-negative gay and bisexual men in Vancouver
Authors: Carter Allison , Lachowsky Nathan , Forrest Jamie I. , Cui Zishan , Sereda Paul , Kaida Angela , Armstrong Heather L. , Card Kiffer G. , Montaner Julio S.G. , Moore David , Roth Eric A. , Hogg Robert S.
Published: July 2017

Quantitative studies of gay and bisexual men have often reduced relational experiences to single dimensions and explored linkages with sexual risk behaviours. We sought to document the intersection of multiple relationship dimensions among 218 HIV-positive and 556 HIV-negative gay and bisexual men, and estimate associations with love and affection as well as various health and social covariates. We performed latent class analysis of relationships, employing five indicators: relationship status, sexual agreement (monogamous/open), and number of recent sex partners, sex parties, and anonymous sex encounters. We assessed differences in love and affection, and identified covariates using multinomial logistic regression. Two latent classes involved single men: ‘single, less sex partners’ (45% of sample) and ‘single, more sex partners’ (17%), differentiated by number of partners (52% vs. 92% of each class had ≥5 partners, respectively), party sex (3% vs. 57%), and anonymous sex (2% vs. 58%). Three involved regular partners: ‘monogamish’ (15%) (78% were monogamous yet 50% reported ≥1 recent sex partner); ‘open, less sex partners’ (15%) (100% open, 43% ≥5 partners, 10% party sex, 4% anonymous sex); and ‘open, more sex partners’ (9%) (96% open, 92% ≥5 partners, 47% party sex, 69% anonymous sex). Love and affection were common across classes, although more prevalent among partnered (85–91%) versus single (48–51%) men. Relative to ‘single/less partners,’ the study demonstrated that higher sexual sensation seeking scores were associated with membership in every class except ‘monogamish’; erectile dysfunction drug use was associated with being in the ‘more partners’ (single and open) classes; anxiety and older age were associated with the ‘open/less partners’ class; and loneliness was associated with reduced odds of membership in all three partnered classes. We uncovered considerable relational diversity among gay and bisexual men and complex associations with love and wellbeing. Findings are relevant for sex researchers, educators, and therapists.
Knowledge, Attitudes, and Practice of In-Patient Physiotherapists in Ontario Regarding Patients Who Are Super-Morbidly Obese
Authors: Rinne Claire , Orschel Carina , Semkowich Brittany , Ventola Lisa , DeBruyne Daniel , Coleman Jaimie , Fox Patricia , Knott Katey , Jaglal Susan B.
Published: July 2017

Purpose: This article describes the knowledge, attitudes, and practice of in-patient physiotherapists in Ontario regarding the treatment of patients who are super-morbidly obese (SMO; i.e., those whose BMI is >50). Method: A 62-item questionnaire was developed to assess demographics, sources of knowledge, current practice, and attitudes such as confidence, willingness, and the perceived effectiveness of treatment. It was distributed electronically using FluidSurveys. All physiotherapists working in a clinical role with adults in an in-patient setting in Ontario were eligible to participate. Results: A total of 276 physiotherapists completed the survey. Most of them had learned about the treatment from non-structured sources such as clinical experience. More than half (52%) of the participants disagreed that their place of employment was well prepared to facilitate the treatment of patients who are SMO. The majority of respondents were confident in treating these patients, were willing to treat them (82%), and believed that physiotherapy would improve at least one health outcome (96%) for them; however, 46% were reluctant to treat for fear of personal injury. Participants most commonly felt limited by lack of equipment and lack of staff to assist. Conclusions: Physiotherapists have positive attitudes toward treating patients who are SMO, and increased equipment and staff to assist, as well as appropriate education, may decrease the fear of injury for physiotherapists while treating these patients and improve health outcomes for them.
Stream reasoning: A survey and outlook
Authors: Dell’Aglio Daniele , Della Valle Emanuele , van Harmelen Frank , Bernstein Abraham
Published: July 2017

Stream reasoning studies the application of inference techniques to data characterised by being highly dynamic. It can find application in several settings, from Smart Cities to Industry 4.0, from Internet of Things to Social Media analytics. This year stream reasoning turns ten, and in this article we analyse its growth. In the first part, we trace the main results obtained so far, by presenting the most prominent studies. We start by an overview of the most relevant studies developed in the context of semantic web, and then we extend the analysis to include contributions from adjacent areas, such as database and artificial intelligence. Looking at the past is useful to prepare for the future: in the second part, we present a set of open challenges and issues that stream reasoning will face in the next future.
The integration of the data scientist into the team: Implications and challenges
Authors: Desai Manisha
Published: July 2017

Modern biomedical research is complex and requires a cross section of experts collaborating using multi-, inter-, or transdisciplinary approaches to address scientific questions. Known as team science, such approaches have become so critical it has given rise to a new field – the science of team science. In biomedical research, data scientists often play a critical role in team-based collaborations. Integration of data scientists into research teams has multiple advantages to the clinical and translational investigator as well as to the data scientist. Clinical and translational investigators benefit from having an invested dedicated collaborator who can assume principal responsibility for essential data-related activities, while the data scientist can build a career developing tools that are relevant and data-driven. Participation in team science, however, can pose challenges. One particular challenge is the ability to appropriately evaluate the data scientist’s scholarly contributions, necessary for promotion. Only a minority of academic health centers have attempted to address this challenge. In order for team science to thrive on academic campuses, leaders of institutions need to hire data science faculty for the purpose of doing team science, with novel systems in place that incentivize the data scientist’s engagement in team science and that allow for appropriate evaluation of performance. Until such systems are adopted at the institutional level, the ability to conduct team science to address modern biomedical research with its increasingly complex data needs will be compromised. Fostering team science on campuses by putting supportive systems in place will benefit not only clinical and translational investigators as well as data scientists, but also the larger academic institution.
Hybrid excited linear actuator for direct drive valves
Authors: Tan Cao , Chang Siqin , Liu Liang
Published: July 2017

Moving-iron electromagnetic actuators have been widely used in industry. But the properties are conflict in high levels of linear force, long stroke, low power consumption and high force/volume ratio. A hybrid excited linear actuator (HELA) was proposed to provide an innovative high-performance solution for direct drive valves. The characteristics of static electromagnetic force were optimized and analyzed. Meanwhile, dynamic performance was simulated by 3D finite element method taking into account the eddy current loss of materials. The simulation results agree well with the experiments. And the results show that the prototype’s magnetic paths distribution is regulated by the structural parameters, which leads a linear output force within a stroke of [Formula: see text] 3 mm. Besides, the prototype’s force/volume ratio is up to 4.5 [Formula: see text] 10[Formula: see text] N/m[Formula: see text]. The holding force at the ends of stroke is more than 120 N. Therefore the holding current is eliminated, which reduces the power consumption effectively. Furthermore, the prototype’s time of step voltage response is 4.3 ms and frequency response ([Formula: see text]3 dB) of the displacement reaches about 60 Hz. Additionally, the eddy current is a significant factor affecting the dynamic performance, which increases more than 8 percent in the step voltage response time.
A novel transformer with adjustable leakage inductance
Authors: Deng Xianming , Cheng En , Liu Na , Li Shaowu , Wang Wenwen
Published: July 2017

Considering the challenge that the parameter of inductor is fixed and its adjustment is difficult in traditional power electronic circuit, herein we present a newly structural transformer with adjustable leakage inductance which integrates transformer and inductor. Its leakage inductance can be adjusted online. Secondary winding of the newly structure transformer is connected in series with the inductance winding and the leakage inductance can be changed by adjusting the contact area of the transformer core and the inductor core. The structure and principle of the transformer with adjustable leakage inductance are introduced. A newly structure transformer is designed using equivalent magnetic circuit method. The transformer with leakage inductance adjustable are modeled and simulated by finite element simulation software Ansoft Maxwell. The variation of inductor inductance with the core contact area and the electromagnetic properties of the new transformer with leakage inductance adjustable are shown in this thesis. Finally, the transformer with leakage inductance adjustable is manufactured, and the experimental platform is built. The results show that the principle of the transformer with leakage inductance adjustable is reasonable and its design is feasible.
Effects of structure parameters on the static electromagnetic characteristics of high speed solenoid valves
Authors: Zhao Jianhui , Shi Yong , Grekhov Leonid , Ma Xiuzhen
Published: July 2017

Numerical calculations of high speed solenoid valves (HSV) are performed to understand the effects of the driving current and structural parameters on electromagnetic energy conversion in HSV. The results show that the driving current plays a prominent role on the capability of electromagnetic energy conversion. The changes in the electromagnetic force are determined by the total magnetic reluctance and the range of the driving current. For large driving currents, the capability of electromagnetic energy conversion is not significantly influenced by the driving current and is only slightly affected by the working air-gap. The larger the driving current becomes, the smaller the increase of the electromagnetic force is with an increasing of the working air-gap. Within a certain range of driving currents, the armature thickness has positive effects on the capability of electromagnetic energy conversion, but the effects are not significant at large driving currents. At different driving currents, the effect of the number of coil turns on the electromagnetic force is mostly determined by the effects of the coil turns on the total magnetic flux and the total magnetic reluctance.
Witricity charger design with FEM simulation and corresponding experiment verification for recharging the deep brain stimulation
Authors: Wang Junhua , Dai Zhongyu , Long Mengjiao
Published: July 2017

In this paper, a wireless charger based on the novel witricity technology has been proposed for implanted deep brain stimulation (DBS). The simulation structure and the experiment model have been illustrated respectively. And the inductance, the resistance, the coupling coefficient have been compared between the simulation results and the measured results. Finally, the charger for implanted DBS power supply was proposed. The simulations have been done for coils with different copper tape arrangements to select the well match. Then a fabricated small “box” for the receiver has been designed and a head phantom has been constructed for the study of electrical energy delivery. The experiments have been carried out and the input voltage, input current, charging voltage and charging current have been measured for verification. In the end, the electric distributions have been studied to make sure its safety for human beings.
Nonlinear coordinate transformation for efficient finite element in solving electromagnetic scattering from body coated by thin-layer materials
Authors: Liao Y.-H. , Zhu H.-C. , Huang K.-M.
Published: July 2017

In this paper, an efficient finite element method (FEM) in solving electromagnetic scattering from body coated by thin-layer materials based on nonlinear coordinate transformation is presented. To solve scattering thin-layer material problems accurately, the traditional FEM employs rigor meshes to discretize the thin-layer structure resulting in numerous meshes, unknowns and ill-conditioned matrices. It requires much expensive storage and computational time. The proposed approach employing nonlinear coordinate transformation maps the dense thin-layer geometry space into a sparse space. In this manner, the need of rigor local mesh refinement can be eliminated. Thus, it provides an efficient approach to compute scattering from body coated by thin-layer materials. Two examples validate the efficiency and accuracy of the proposed method.
A numerical study on eddy current signal characteristics of imitative stress corrosion cracks
Authors: Jomdecha Cherdpong , Cai Wenlu , Xie Shejuan , Chen Zhenmao , Li Peng
Published: July 2017

This paper presents numerical simulation results of eddy current signals to determine the appropriated dimensions of imitative stress-corrosion cracks (SCCs) in viewpoint of similar eddy current testing signals. The imitative SCCs were modelled as multiple tiny slits in three dimensions. A Finite Element and Boundary Element hybrid method (FEM-BEM) was utilized to simulate the eddy current signals in an impedance form of an absolute pancake coil. Equivalent conductivity ([Formula: see text]) of the imitative SCCs was estimated by using a uniform notch model at a fixed width of 0.2 mm, and adjusting the conductivity in the notch region. According to the numerical results, the impedance amplitude could be significantly used to quantify the [Formula: see text] of imitative SCCs. In addition, the variation of test frequency affecting to [Formula: see text] value was investigated. Finally, the appropriated imitative SCCs dimensions for the eddy current testing were quantitatively predicted by using a statistical methodology.
SwissFEL: The Swiss X-ray Free Electron Laser
Authors: Milne Christopher , Schietinger Thomas , Aiba Masamitsu , Alarcon Arturo , Alex Jürgen , Anghel Alexander , Arsov Vladimir , Beard Carl , Beaud Paul , Bettoni Simona , Bopp Markus , Brands Helge , Brönnimann Manuel , Brunnenkant Ingo , Calvi Marco , Citterio Alessandro , Craievich Paolo , Csatari Divall Marta , Dällenbach Mark , D’Amico Michael , Dax Andreas , Deng Yunpei , Dietrich Alexander , Dinapoli Roberto , Divall Edwin , Dordevic Sladana , Ebner Simon , Erny Christian , Fitze Hansrudolf , Flechsig Uwe , Follath Rolf , Frei Franziska , Gärtner Florian , Ganter Romain , Garvey Terence , Geng Zheqiao , Gorgisyan Ishkhan , Gough Christopher , Hauff Andreas , Hauri Christoph , Hiller Nicole , Humar Tadej , Hunziker Stephan , Ingold Gerhard , Ischebeck Rasmus , Janousch Markus , Juranić Pavle , Jurcevic Mario , Kaiser Maik , Kalantari Babak , Kalt Roger , Keil Boris , Kittel Christoph , Knopp Gregor , Koprek Waldemar , Lemke Henrik , Lippuner Thomas , Llorente Sancho Daniel , Löhl Florian , Lopez-Cuenca Carlos , Märki Fabian , Marcellini Fabio , Marinkovic Goran , Martiel Isabelle , Menzel Ralf , Mozzanica Aldo , Nass Karol , Orlandi Gian , Ozkan Loch Cigdem , Panepucci Ezequiel , Paraliev Martin , Patterson Bruce , Pedrini Bill , Pedrozzi Marco , Pollet Patrick , Pradervand Claude , Prat Eduard , Radi Peter , Raguin Jean-Yves , Redford Sophie , Rehanek Jens , Réhault Julien , Reiche Sven , Ringele Matthias , Rittmann Jochen , Rivkin Leonid , Romann Albert , Ruat Marie , Ruder Christian , Sala Leonardo , Schebacher Lionel , Schilcher Thomas , Schlott Volker , Schmidt Thomas , Schmitt Bernd , Shi Xintian , Stadler Markus , Stingelin Lukas , Sturzenegger Werner , Szlachetko Jakub , Thattil Dhanya , Treyer Daniel , Trisorio Alexandre , Tron Wolfgang , Vetter Seraphin , Vicario Carlo , Voulot Didier , Wang Meitian , Zamofing Thierry , Zellweger Christof , Zennaro Riccardo , Zimoch Elke , Abela Rafael , Patthey Luc , Braun Hans-Heinrich
Published: July 2017

The SwissFEL X-ray Free Electron Laser (XFEL) facility started construction at the Paul Scherrer Institute (Villigen, Switzerland) in 2013 and will be ready to accept its first users in 2018 on the Aramis hard X-ray branch. In the following sections we will summarize the various aspects of the project, including the design of the soft and hard X-ray branches of the accelerator, the results of SwissFEL performance simulations, details of the photon beamlines and experimental stations, and our first commissioning results.
Integrating Scenarios into Life Cycle Assessment: Understanding the Value and Financial Feasibility of a Demountable Building
Authors: Galle Waldo , De Temmerman Niels , De Meyer Ronald
Published: July 2017

Although life cycle assessment offers insight into the long-term value of our building stock, it has become impossible to model with certainty the service life of a building. What if new lifestyles make reality diverge from the expected service life? What if the building is decommissioned very early or forced to accommodate new functions? Would the same design decisions have been made or would an alternative have been preferred? In reaction to this challenge, the present paper proposes to integrate scenario planning and life cycle assessment. Therefore, it discusses from where scenario planning originates and how it appeared hitherto in architectural design and life cycle assessment. Thereafter, it explores how assessors can profit from scenarios when raising awareness and co-creating alternatives. Subsequently, a methodological framework for effective scenario development is proposed. To illustrate the added value of scenario integrated life cycle assessments, four divergent scenarios are developed for evaluating the financial feasibility of demountable building element reuse. With this simple case study is shown how more relevant and nuanced assessment outcomes are obtained when divergent scenarios are adopted.
Unmanned Aerial Systems for Civil Applications: A Review
Authors: González-Jorge Higinio , Martínez-Sánchez Joaquin , Bueno Martín , Arias and Pedor
Published: July 2017

The present work is a review of unmanned aerial systems technology and their subsystems (frame, propellers, motors and batteries, payloads, and data processing). Different applications are evaluated, related to remote sensing, spraying of liquids, and logistics. An overview of the regulatory framework is also developed.
Offshore Wind Speed Forecasting: The Correlation between Satellite-Observed Monthly Sea Surface Temperature and Wind Speed over the Seas around the Korean Peninsula
Authors: Kim Jin-Young , Kim Hyun-Goo , Kang Yong-Heack
Published: July 2017

Wind power forecasting is a key role for large-scale wind power penetration on conventional electric power systems by understanding stochastic nature of winds. This paper proposes an empirical statistical model for forecasting monthly offshore wind speeds as a function of remotely sensed sea surface temperatures over the seas around the Korean Peninsula. The model uses the optimal lagged multiple linear regression method, and predictors are characterized by mixed periodicities derived from the autocorrelation between spatially variable satellite-observed sea surface temperatures and wind speeds at all grid points over a period of about ten years (2001 to 2008). Offshore wind speeds were found to be correlated with sea surface temperatures within a seasonal range of two- to four-month lags. In particular, offshore wind speeds were closely associated with the sea surface temperature at lag 4 M, followed by lag 3 M and lag 2 M. Correlation is less at lag 1 M as compared lag 2 M, lag 3 M and lag 4 M. The results demonstrate that this approach successfully produces accurate depictions of monthly wind speeds at the gridded network. The hindcast offshore wind speeds and wind power density showed slightly improved skills compared to the seasonally varying climatology with the value of root-mean square errors, +18% and +23%, respectively. The spatial distributions of the monthly gridded wind speed and wind power density remained fairly stable from one month to another, whereas individual regions displayed slight differences in variability. The results of this study are expected to be useful in establishing guidelines for operating and managing nascent offshore farms around the Korean Peninsula.
Low-Cost Solar Irradiance Sensing for PV Systems
Authors: Carrasco Miguel , Laudani Antonino , Lozito Gabriele , Mancilla-David Fernando , Riganti Fulginei Francesco , Salvini Alessandro
Published: July 2017

Determination of solar irradiance is a critical asset to ensure efficient working conditions for a photovoltaic (PV) system. This work analyze the feasibility of assessing solar irradiance on a PV device assuming the knowledge of the device temperature and the voltage/current operating point. This work proposes an approach based on a manipulation of the analytic expressions found in the reduced form of the “single diode” circuit model for a silicon PV device. The approach was validated through different practical experiments, and the results obtained are comparable to the ones of a commercial instrument for irradiance sensing. The ease of construction and the reduced costs involved make a device based on the proposed approach suitable for large-scale integration in a PV plant.
TRAIL, Wnt, Sonic Hedgehog, TGFβ, and miRNA Signalings Are Potential Targets for Oral Cancer Therapy
Authors: Farooqi Ammad , Shu Chih-Wen , Huang Hurng-Wern , Wang Hui-Ru , Chang Yung-Ting , Fayyaz Sundas , Yuan Shyng-Shiou , Tang Jen-Yang , Chang Hsueh-Wei
Published: July 2017

Clinical studies and cancer cell models emphasize the importance of targeting therapies for oral cancer. The tumor necrosis factor-related apoptosis-inducing ligand (TRAIL) is highly expressed in cancer, and is a selective killing ligand for oral cancer. Signaling proteins in the wingless-type mouse mammary tumor virus (MMTV) integration site family (Wnt), Sonic hedgehog (SHH), and transforming growth factor β (TGFβ) pathways may regulate cell proliferation, migration, and apoptosis. Accordingly, the genes encoding these signaling proteins are potential targets for oral cancer therapy. In this review, we focus on recent advances in targeting therapies for oral cancer and discuss the gene targets within TRAIL, Wnt, SHH, and TGFβ signaling for oral cancer therapies. Oncogenic microRNAs (miRNAs) and tumor suppressor miRNAs targeting the genes encoding these signaling proteins are summarized, and the interactions between Wnt, SHH, TGFβ, and miRNAs are interpreted. With suitable combination treatments, synergistic effects are expected to improve targeting therapies for oral cancer.
Supramolecular Control of Spin Crossover Phenomena Using Various Amphiphiles
Authors: Kuroiwa Keita
Published: July 2017

An aspect of nanochemistry that has attracted significant attention is the formation of nanoarchitectures from the self-assembly of metal complexes, based on the design of compounds having cooperative functionalities. This technique is currently seen as important within the field of nanomaterials. In the present review, we describe the methods that allow tuning of the intermolecular interactions between spin crossover (SCO) complexes in various media. These approaches include the use of lipophilic derivatives, lipids, and diblock copolypeptide amphiphiles. The resulting supramolecular assemblies can enhance the solubility of various SCO complexes in both organic and aqueous media. In addition, amphiphilic modifications of coordination systems can result in metastable structures and dynamic structural transformations leading to unique solution properties, including spin state switching. The supramolecular chemistry of metal complexes is unprecedented in its scope and potential applications, and it is hoped that the studies presented herein will promote further investigation of dynamic supramolecular devices.
Terahertz Application for Non-Destructive Inspection of Coated Al Electrical Conductive Wires
Authors: Kuroo Kenta , Hasegawa Ryo , Tanabe Tadao , Oyama Yutaka
Published: July 2017

At present, one of the main inspection methods of electric wires is visual inspection. The development of a novel non-destructive inspection technology is required because of various problems, such as water invasion by the removal of insulators. Since terahertz (THz) waves have high transparency to nonpolar substances such as coatings of conductive wire, electric conductive wires are extremely suitable for THz non-destructive inspection. In this research, in order to investigate the quantitative possibility of detecting the defects on aluminum electric wire, THz wave reflection imaging measurement was performed for artificially disconnected wires. It is shown that quantitative detection is possible for the disconnect status of the aluminum electric wire by using THz waves.