bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
SSL5-AnxA5 Fusion Protein Constructed Based on Human Atherosclerotic Plaque scRNA-Seq Data Preventing the Binding of Apoptotic Endothelial Cells, Platelets, and Inflammatory Cells
Authors: Zhao Yifei , He Xingyu , Hu Teng , Xia Tianli , Huang Fangyang , Li Changming , Li Yiming , Chen Fei , Chen Mao , Ma Jun , Peng Yong
Published: December 2024

Background and aims: Coronary obstruction following plaque rupture is a critical pathophysiological change in the progression of stable angina (SAP) to acute coronary syndrome (ACS). The accumulation of platelets and various inflammatory cells on apoptotic endothelial cells is a key factor in arterial obstruction after plaque rupture. Through single-cell sequencing analysis (scRNA-seq) of plaques from SAP and ACS patients, we identified significant changes in the annexin V and P-selectin glycoprotein ligand 1 pathways. Staphylococcal superantigen-like 5 (SSL5) is an optimal antagonist P-selectin glycoprotein ligand 1 (PSGL1), while annexin V (AnxA5) can precisely detect dead cells in vivo. We constructed the SSL5-AnxA5 fusion protein and observed its role in preventing the interaction between apoptotic endothelial cells, platelets, and inflammatory cells. Methods: The scRNA-seq data were extracted from the Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) database. Single-cell transcriptome analysis results and cell–cell communication were analyzed to identify the ACS and SAP cell clusters and elucidate the intercellular communication differences. Then, we constructed and verified a fusion protein comprising SSL5 and AnxA5 domains via polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and Western blot. The binding capacity of the fusion protein to P-selectin and apoptotic cells was evaluated by flow cytometry and AnxA5-FITC apoptosis detection kit, respectively. Furthermore, co-incubation and immunofluorescence allowed us to describe the mediation effect of it between inflammatory cells and endothelial cells or activated platelets. Results: Our analysis of the scRNA-seq data showed that SELPLG (PSGL1 gene) and ANNEXIN had higher information flowing in ACS compared to SAP. The SELPLG signaling pathway network demonstrated a higher number of interactions in ACS, while the ANNEXIN signaling pathway network revealed stronger signaling from macrophages toward monocytes in ACS compared to SAP. Competition binding experiments with P-selectin showed that SSL5-AnxA5 induced a decrease in the affinity of PSGL1. SSL5-AnxA5 effectively inhibited the combination of endothelial cells with inflammatory cells and the interaction of activated platelets with inflammatory cells. Additionally, this fusion protein exhibited remarkable capability in binding to apoptotic cells. Conclusions: The bifunctional protein SSL5-AnxA5 exhibits promising potential as a protective agent against local inflammation in arterial tissues, making it an excellent candidate for PSGL1-related therapeutic interventions.
Microspectrometer-Enabled Real-Time Concentration Monitoring in the Microfluidic Protein Enrichment Chip
Authors: Li Dong-Li , Huang Wen-Shu , Wu Yi Hung , Jen Chun-Ping
Published: December 2024

This study presents a novel microspectrometer-integrated microfluidic system for real-time protein concentration monitoring. The device employs electrokinetic principles for efficient protein preconcentration in a PDMS and Nafion film channel. Using FITC-labeled BSA as a model protein, the system demonstrated a linear correlation between protein concentration and absorbance at 491 nm. Notably, it achieved a 833-fold concentration increase from an initial 10 nM within 20 min. The compact microspectrometer system offers enhanced accuracy and sensitivity compared to traditional fluorescence microscopy methods. This innovation presents a promising solution for portable and point-of-care diagnostic applications, facilitating timely disease detection and monitoring. The findings highlight the potential for this technology to advance protein analysis and biomarker discovery in clinical settings, potentially improving patient outcomes through enhanced diagnostic capabilities.
Physiological Entrainment: A Key Mind–Body Mechanism for Cognitive, Motor and Affective Functioning, and Well-Being
Authors: Barbaresi Marco , Nardo Davide , Fagioli Sabrina
Published: December 2024

Background: The human sensorimotor system can naturally synchronize with environmental rhythms, such as light pulses or sound beats. Several studies showed that different styles and tempos of music, or other rhythmic stimuli, have an impact on physiological rhythms, including electrocortical brain activity, heart rate, and motor coordination. Such synchronization, also known as the “entrainment effect”, has been identified as a crucial mechanism impacting cognitive, motor, and affective functioning. Objectives: This review examines theoretical and empirical contributions to the literature on entrainment, with a particular focus on the physiological mechanisms underlying this phenomenon and its role in cognitive, motor, and affective functions. We also address the inconsistent terminology used in the literature and evaluate the range of measurement approaches used to assess entrainment phenomena. Finally, we propose a definition of “physiological entrainment” that emphasizes its role as a fundamental mechanism that encompasses rhythmic interactions between the body and its environment, to support information processing across bodily systems and to sustain adaptive motor responses. Methods: We reviewed the recent literature through the lens of the “embodied cognition” framework, offering a unified perspective on the phenomenon of physiological entrainment. Results: Evidence from the current literature suggests that physiological entrainment produces measurable effects, especially on neural oscillations, heart rate variability, and motor synchronization. Eventually, such physiological changes can impact cognitive processing, affective functioning, and motor coordination. Conclusions: Physiological entrainment emerges as a fundamental mechanism underlying the mind–body connection. Entrainment-based interventions may be used to promote well-being by enhancing cognitive, motor, and affective functions, suggesting potential rehabilitative approaches to enhancing mental health.
Management of Anterior Choroidal Artery Aneurysms: A Retrospective Cohort Study
Authors: Falzon Andrew , Miyake Shigeta , Kee Tze Phei , Andrade-Barazarte Hugo , Krings Timo
Published: December 2024

Background: Anterior choroidal artery (AChoA) aneurysms pose a challenge for both endovascular and clipping procedures. The eloquent territory supplied by the parent vessel has limited collateralization and its compromise can lead to significant morbidity. This study aims to analyze the clinical outcomes and procedure-related complications of clipping and endovascular treatment of AChoA aneurysms to aid physician decision making. Methods: Thirty-two ruptured and unruptured AChoA aneurysms that underwent catheter angiography at a single neurovascular center between January 2000 and December 2023 were included. Either conservative management, clipping, and/or endovascular treatment were performed. Clinical outcomes and complications were analyzed retrospectively. Results: Twenty-four endovascular treatments and seven clipping procedures were included. Of the total 24 endovascular procedures, 46% were primary coiling, 25% were balloon-assisted coiling, 13% were flow diverting stent, 8% were combined balloon-assisted coiling and flow diverting stent, and 8% were combined balloon-assisted and stent-assisted coiling. There was no procedure-related mortality in both groups. No intra- or post-procedural ruptures/re-ruptures occurred during follow-up in both endovascular and clipping cohorts. AChoA territory infarcts occurred in 4% of the endovascular and 29% of the clipping cohorts. Other thromboembolic complications occurred in 4% of the endovascular cohort. The recurrence rate requiring retreatment was 12.5% for the endovascular and 43% for the clipping cohort. A favorable clinical outcome (mRS ≤ 2) was 78% for the endovascular cohort and 67% for the clipping cohort. Conclusions: Endovascular and clipping outcomes align with prior studies, with endovascular showing a favorable safety profile. Both approaches are viable, though they present distinct risks and advantages.
How Does Procedural Justice Affect Job Crafting? The Role of Organizational Psychological Ownership and High-Performance Work Systems
Authors: Gong Zhun , Ren Mengxuan , Sun Yingjie , Zhang Ziyi , Zhou Wen , Chen Xiaowei
Published: December 2024

In today’s highly competitive and complex market environment, enhancing adaptability has become essential for the sustainable development of enterprises. Job crafting, an important strategy for strengthening a company’s core competitiveness, has garnered increasing attention in recent years. However, previous studies have often overlooked its antecedent variables and mechanisms. This study draws on social exchange theory and equity theory to examine how procedural justice influences the cross-level pathways of job crafting. Hierarchical linear modeling (HLM) was employed to analyze data from 76 companies and 1049 employees. The results demonstrate that procedural justice significantly and positively impacts employee job crafting. Additionally, organizational psychological ownership mediates the relationship between procedural justice and job crafting at a cross-level, while high-performance work systems positively moderate the link between organizational psychological ownership and job crafting. These findings reveal a novel pathway for enhancing employee job crafting and offer practical insights for corporate management. Companies should focus on fostering an environment characterized by procedural justice and which promotes organizational psychological ownership to encourage job-crafting behaviors. Moreover, attention should be given to the effectiveness of organizational psychological ownership and to the moderating role of high-performance work systems in this process.
Finite Element Modeling of the Behaviors of Concrete-Filled Steel Tube (CFT) Columns at Elevated Temperatures
Authors: Le Van Lanh , Lee Chang-Hwan , Alemayehu Robel Wondimu , Park Min Jae
Published: December 2024

Concrete-filled steel tube (CFT) columns are widely used as structural systems because of their high load-bearing capacity and material efficiency. However, under fire conditions, elevated temperatures degrade the mechanical properties of both steel and concrete. When combined with initial geometric imperfections, these factors significantly affect the load distribution and the fire resistance of the structure. Understanding how material properties and geometric factors change in CFT columns at elevated temperatures is essential for ensuring safe and efficient design. This study used the ASTM E119-88 fire curve to establish the relationship between the surface temperature of the structure and the fire resistance duration of the CFT column. Heat transfer and mechanical analyses of the structure were conducted using ABAQUS 2024 software. A comparison of simulation and experimental data showed that the numerical model was highly accurate. The study also addressed the effects of initial geometric imperfections, considering amplification factors of L/1000 and L/500, and compared the simulation results with the experimental data. The results demonstrated that initial geometric imperfections significantly influenced the fire resistance of the columns. Additionally, this study examined the material properties under high-temperature conditions as specified in the AISC 360-22 standard. The study compared the simulation results with the Eurocode standards and experimental data. The findings suggested that utilizing the material properties specified in the AISC 360-22 standard resulted in more conservative predictions of fire resistance for CFT columns, compared to the Eurocode standards. Furthermore, Appendix 4 of the AISC 360-22 standard was used to calculate the fire resistance rating of the CFT column. These calculations were compared with the simulation and experimental results to evaluate the reliability of using ABAQUS 2024 simulation software.
Overcoming Cultural Barriers and Building Healthcare Trust: A Mixed Methods Study on Cervical Cancer Prevention Among Arab American Women Across Major U.S. Cities
Authors: Khoja Lilah , Zoulfikar Manar , Hak Layla , Yousif Sabrina , Aljebori Manar , Stiffler Matthew , Tariq Madiha , Burgard Sarah , Fleischer Nancy L. , Wallner Lauren P. , Pearce Celeste Leigh
Published: December 2024

Background: Understanding why Arab American women have lower adherence to cervical cancer screening compared to other racial/ethnic groups is important. The study aimed to understand attitudes and knowledge of cervical cancer prevention and HPV vaccination among Arab American women. Methods: A mixed-method approach was employed, including nine focus groups and an online questionnaire. Demographic characteristics, medical history, screening practices, and attitudes towards HPV vaccination and HPV self-sampling for cervical cancer screening were assessed. Results: Focus group participants (n = 22) demonstrated varying levels of knowledge about cervical cancer and HPV, including limited awareness of the Papanicolaou (Pap) test. Participants expressed mixed feelings about HPV self-sampling. Among questionnaire respondents (n = 25), who on average had a higher socioeconomic status than focus group participants, 73.9% had undergone a Pap test, with 94% up to date on screening. While 59% preferred self-sampling at home, almost two in five cited concerns about sample accuracy. Conclusions: Our study demonstrates the variability in attitudes and experiences towards cervical cancer screening among Arab American women, potentially driven by socioeconomic disparities. Our qualitative results suggest the need for targeted, culturally tailored health education in the Arab American community. Further research should explore effective strategies to engage this underserved group and enhance adherence to prevention programs.
Prognostic Value of Molecular Aberrations in Low- or Intermediate-Risk Neuroblastomas: A Systematic Review
Authors: Bruinsma Rixt S. , Lekkerkerker Caroline W. M. , Fiocco Marta , Dierselhuis Miranda P. , Langenberg Karin P. S. , Tytgat Godelieve A. M. , van Noesel Max M. , Wijnen Marc H. W. A. , van der Steeg Alida F. W. , de Krijger Ronald R.
Published: December 2024

Background: The 5-year prognosis of non-high-risk neuroblastomas is generally good (>90%). However, a proportion of patients show progression and succumb to their disease. We aimed to identify molecular aberrations (not incorporated in the current risk stratification) associated with overall survival (OS) and/or event-free survival (EFS) in patients diagnosed with non-high-risk neuroblastoma. Methods: We conducted a systematic search in PubMed, Embase, Cochrane and Google Scholar. Two reviewers independently and blindly screened titles/abstracts, references of protocols/reviews and full texts. Risk of bias was assessed using a customized Quality in Prognostic Studies tool. Applicability was assessed using a tool designed by the researchers. GRADE criteria were used to determine quality of evidence. Results: Sixteen studies (4718 patients) were included. A segmental chromosomal aberration (SCA) profile was associated with lower survival. 1p loss of heterozygosity (LOH) and 17q gain were associated with lower OS and EFS. 1p deletion and 2p gain were associated with lower OS, but this was not the same for EFS. 3p deletion was not associated with worse outcome. Quality of evidence was downgraded because of imprecision and publication bias and upgraded because of moderate/large effect, resulting in a moderate quality of evidence. Conclusion: The association of 1p LOH, 1p deletion, 2p gain and 17q gain with OS and EFS suggests that these SCAs may be added to the risk stratification to identify non-high-risk neuroblastomas with worse prognosis.
Ring-Opening Homo- and Copolymerization of Cyclic Esters Catalyzed by Iron(III) Triflate
Authors: Nakayama Yuushou , Omori Toshihiko , Tanaka Ryo , Shiono Takeshi
Published: December 2024

Biomass-based and biodegradable poly(l-lactide) (PLLA) is synthesized by ring-opening polymerization of l-lactide (LLA), for which tin(II) 2-ethylhexanoate is a major catalyst. However, the potential toxicity of tin can be a problem, especially in biomedical applications. In this study, we focused on iron, which is a non-toxic metal and an abundant resource. We investigated the ring-opening homo- and copolymerization of cyclic esters such as LLA and ε-caprolactone (CL) catalyzed by iron(III) triflate, Fe(OTf)3, which is commercially available and known as a Lewis acid. In the polymerization of LLA in toluene at 110 °C, Fe(OTf)3 showed relatively high activity and yielded PLLA with unimodal molecular weight distribution. The addition of 1,8-bis(dimethylamino)naphthalene (proton sponge: PS) to the Fe(OTf)3 catalyst system increased the yield and molecular weight of the resulting polymer. In contrast, the polymerization of CL by Fe(OTf)3 was decelerated by the presence of PS. The Fe(OTf)3 system was found to have an exceptionally high preference for CL over LLA in the copolymerization of LLA and CL, with the reactivity ratio of rLLA = 0.51 and rCL = 6.9. In contrast, the Fe(OTf)3–2PS system exhibited an LLA preference with rLLA = 15 and rCL = 0.22, indicating that the comonomer selectivity changed depending on the presence or absence of PS. While the LLA polymerization rate by the Fe(OTf)3 system showed a second-order dependence on the Fe(OTf)3 concentration, that of the Fe(OTf)3–PS system showed a first-order dependence on the Fe(OTf)3–PS concentration.
High-Performance Photocatalytic Degradation—A ZnO Nanocomposite Co-Doped with Gd: A Systematic Study
Authors: Alasmari Aeshah , Alresheedi Nadi , Alzahrani Mohammed , Aldosari Fahad , Ghasemi Mostafa , Ismail Atef , Aboraia Abdelaziz
Published: December 2024

This research aims to analyze the improvement in the photocatalytic properties of ZnO nanoparticles by incorporating Gd. In order to understand the influence of incorporating Gd into the ZnO matrix, the photocatalytic activity of the material is compared at various Gd concentrations. Different doping concentrations of Gd ranging from 0 to 0.075 are incorporated into ZnO and the synthesized ZnO-Gd nanocomposites are investigated using structural, morphological, and optical analyses using XRD, SEM, and UV-vis spectroscopy, respectively. The photocatalytic performance of the synthesized ZnO-Gd nanocomposites is determined via the degradation of organic contaminants under visible light. Regarding the latter, the results suggest that photocatalytic efficiency increases with increasing Gd doping levels up to an optimal doping concentration. The enhancement of the photocatalytic performance of Gd-doped ZnO is explained, along with the mechanism related to the availability of new pathways for charge carrier recombination. Among all of them, the 0.075 Gd-doped ZnO catalyst exhibits the highest photocatalytic activity which degrades 89% of MB dye after being irradiated with UV light for 120 min. However, pure ZnO degrades only 40% of MB dye within the same testing conditions. In closing, this work confirms the applicability of Gd-doped ZnO nanocomposites as photocatalysts in cleaning up the environment and in wastewater treatment.
Interplay of Transcriptomic Regulation, Microbiota, and Signaling Pathways in Lung and Gut Inflammation-Induced Tumorigenesis
Authors: Otálora-Otálora Beatriz Andrea , Payán-Gómez César , López-Rivera Juan Javier , Pedroza-Aconcha Natalia Belén , Arboleda-Mojica Sally Lorena , Aristizábal-Guzmán Claudia , Isaza-Ruget Mario Arturo , Álvarez-Moreno Carlos Arturo
Published: December 2024

Inflammation can positively and negatively affect tumorigenesis based on the duration, scope, and sequence of related events through the regulation of signaling pathways. A transcriptomic analysis of five pulmonary arterial hypertension, twelve Crohn’s disease, and twelve ulcerative colitis high throughput sequencing datasets using R language specialized libraries and gene enrichment analyses identified a regulatory network in each inflammatory disease. IRF9 and LINC01089 in pulmonary arterial hypertension are related to the regulation of signaling pathways like MAPK, NOTCH, human papillomavirus, and hepatitis c infection. ZNF91 and TP53TG1 in Crohn’s disease are related to the regulation of PPAR, MAPK, and metabolic signaling pathways. ZNF91, VDR, DLEU1, SATB2-AS1, and TP53TG1 in ulcerative colitis are related to the regulation of PPAR, AMPK, and metabolic signaling pathways. The activation of the transcriptomic network and signaling pathways might be related to the interaction of the characteristic microbiota of the inflammatory disease, with the lung and gut cell receptors present in membrane rafts and complexes. The transcriptomic analysis highlights the impact of several coding and non-coding RNAs, suggesting their relationship with the unlocking of cell phenotypic plasticity for the acquisition of the hallmarks of cancer during lung and gut cell adaptation to inflammatory phenotypes.
Association Between Screen Time and Lifestyle Parameters with Executive Functions in Chilean Children and Adolescents: Potential Mediating Role of Health-Related Quality of Life
Authors: Caamaño-Navarrete Felipe , Arriagada-Hernández Carlos , Jara-Tomckowiack Lorena , Hernandez-Martinez Jordan , Valdés-Badilla Pablo , Contreras-Díaz Guido , del-Cuerpo Indya , Delgado-Floody Pedro
Published: December 2024

Background/Objective: This study aimed to (i) investigate the association between lifestyle parameters (i.e., screen time [ST], food habits, and physical activity [PA]) and health-related quality of life (HRQoL) with executive functions (EFs, i.e., attention, inhibition, working memory, and cognitive flexibility) in Chilean children and adolescents, and (ii) determine the potential mediating role of HRQoL in the relationship between ST and EFs. Methods: A total of 511 children and adolescents (51.3% female) aged 10–17 years participated. Lifestyle parameters and EFs were evaluated. Results: Attention was inversely associated with ST (β = −19.51, p < 0.001) and positively associated with HRQoL (β = 4.17, p < 0.001). Inhibition was negatively linked to ST (β = −25.17, p < 0.001) and positively associated with HRQoL (β = 3.23, p = 0.041). Working memory was inversely related to ST (β = −28.89, p = 0.001) and positively associated with PA (β = 34.01, p < 0.001) and HRQoL (β = 4.22, p = 0.003). Cognitive flexibility was associated with ST (β = −26.76, p = 0.001), PA (β = 23.23, p = 0.047), and HRQoL (β = 4.91, p = 0.004). The indirect effect confirmed that HRQoL partially mediated the relationship between ST and EFs, including attention (5%), inhibition (3.18%), working memory (3.82%), and cognitive flexibility (5.3%). Conclusions: ST was inversely associated with all EFs assessed, and HRQoL showed a potential mediating role in these relationships.
Biography Writing in the Pediatric Palliative Care Context: Review and Feasibility Data
Authors: Potter Sarah , Coombs Sandra , Jaaniste Tiina
Published: December 2024

Background: Biography writing services are increasingly being used with adult palliative care patients, helping them document their stories in a way that provides meaning for themselves, family, and friends. However, the feasibility of applying a biography program to a pediatric palliative care context is less well known. Methods: A narrative review of the literature was conducted, drawing on existing adult biography programs, while noting differences between the pediatric and adult contexts. The Story Project is outlined in this manuscript as an example of a pediatric biography writing approach, with pilot survey data from six volunteer biographers presented. Thematic analysis was conducted on qualitative data elicited from volunteer biographers regarding challenges experienced and the perceived benefits of the program. Descriptive information is provided for other aspects of their experience of the Story Project. Results: The challenges identified by the volunteer biographers were grouped into seven themes, namely, (1) delays encountered, (2) rapport/interactions with family, (3) family distress, (4) logistics, (5) transcribing-specific issues, (6) identifying themes, and (7) finalizing the biography. The perceived benefits of the Story Project, as perceived by the volunteer biographers, were grouped into four main themes: (1) beneficial processes for families, (2) benefits for the volunteers, (3) intrinsic value of the final product, and (4) beneficial uses of the product. Biographies took between 3–20 months to complete, with most taking 12 months or less. Conclusions: Biography writing is a potentially valuable approach for use with pediatric palliative care patients and their families, with the Story Project being one example of such an intervention, with promising early feasibility data.
Oral Hygiene in Children with Autism: Teaching Self-Toothbrushing via Behavioural Intervention Including Parents
Authors: Esposito Marco , Piersanti Carlotta , Fadda Roberta , Boitani Marco , Mazza Monica , Marrocco Giuseppina
Published: December 2024

Background/Objectives: Children on the autism spectrum experience more oral hygiene issues than peers, and tooth-brushing behavior seems particularly challenging for them since it includes diverse skills and collaboration. In this study, the efficacy is explored of a behavioral intervention mediated by staff and parents in teaching self-brushing teeth in eight autistic children. First, we wanted to examine whether the intervention improved self-brushing teeth skills in a short-term period. Second, we evaluated the long-term outcomes of the intervention. Finally, we analyzed the individual differences which might predict better outcomes. Methods: The training started during an ABA summer school with a supervised behavioral staff and lasted for eight sessions. The training package included several behavioral procedures such as prompting, fading, task analysis, chaining, differential reinforcement, direct instructions, visual aids, pictograms, and video modeling. According to a pre-and post-test design, we measured the frequency of independent self-brushing behaviors and interviewed the parents about the hygiene routines. Results: The results indicate a significant improvement in children’s self-brushing teeth behavior and maintenance, where 33.7% of the steps were achieved by children at baseline and 77.5% at post-training, and with four children, 100%. The parent questionnaires reported significant improvement in autonomy of self-brushing and times a day dedicated to oral hygiene. The severity of symptoms, sensory hypersensitivity, and lower IQ levels of the children negatively correlated with the outcome. Conclusions: These results point to relevant practical suggestions for families and clinical staff to address oral hygiene in the autism population.
Evaluation of the Early Development of 6-Month-Old Babies in the Case of Maternal Postpartum Depression with or Without Bipolar Disorder
Authors: Guivarch Jokthan , Persia Mélanie-Lou , Le Treut Laure , Grandgeorge Pauline , Solla Federico , Pergeline Hugo , Dugnat Michel , Askenazy Florence , Poinso François , Varoquaux Arthur , Fernandez Arnaud
Published: December 2024

Background: The first year of life is the period of greatest brain plasticity. Postpartum depression can adversely affect the first interactions with the child and, consequently, their emotional, social, and cognitive development. Objectives: First, to describe the developmental profile of six-month-old infants of mothers suffering from severe postpartum depression, and, second, to compare the development of infants whose mothers suffer from depression with or without bipolar disorder. Methods: This is a retrospective descriptive study on 6-month-old babies hospitalized with their mothers at the Marseille Mother–Baby Unit (MBU) for maternal postpartum depression with or without bipolar disorder. Mothers were clinically diagnosed by a psychiatrist specialized in postpartum depression using the DSM-5; infant development was assessed at 6 months by an independent health professional using the revised Brunet–Lézine Scale, which allowed the calculation of global and partial developmental quotients (DQ). Results: We followed 40 mother–infant dyads. None of the 40 infants had a global developmental delay. However, maternal depression was significantly associated with poorer sociability (mean sociability DQ score of 94 ± 9.6, p < 0.001) and lower postural development (mean postural DQ score of 96.2 ± 8.9 *, p < 0.001) in the infants at 6 months of age. Postural development was significantly lower in children of bipolar mothers than in children of non-bipolar mothers (p = 0.03). Conclusions: Postpartum depression was associated with a weakness in sociability and posture at the age of 6 months, without relevant developmental delay. Screening infants at an early age with specific tools allows for earlier intervention, which would positively influence their developmental trajectory.
A Well-Defined Procedure for Designing Robust Asynchronous Controllers for DC-DC Converters
Authors: Mita Rosario , Mazzone Angelo
Published: December 2024

This paper presents a novel procedure for designing robust high-speed asynchronous DC-DC converter controllers. The method relies on the use of Workcraft©, a plugin-based development system designed to synthesize and validate the asynchronous control logic, ensuring hazard-free implementation even in the case of non-persistent input signals. The simulation results (using a proprietary 90 nm technology) showed a typical time response from input to output of less than 1.4 ns, which fits the fast response requirements for DC-DC converters.
Plant Antimicrobial Peptides and Their Main Families and Roles: A Review of the Literature
Authors: de Oliveira Samuel Salomão Silva , Cherene Milena Bellei , Taveira Gabriel Bonan , de Oliveira Mello Érica , de Oliveira Carvalho André , Gomes Valdirene Moreira
Published: December 2024

Antimicrobial peptides (AMPs) are constituent molecules of the innate defense system and are naturally produced by all organisms. AMPs are characterized by a relatively low molecular weight (less than 10 kDa) and a variable number of cysteine residues that form disulfide bonds and contribute to the stabilization of the tertiary structure. In addition, there is a wide repertoire of antimicrobial agents against bacteria, viruses, fungi, and protozoa that can provide a large number of prototype peptides for study and biochemical manipulation. In this sense, plant AMPs stand out because they have a wide range of biological functions against microorganisms and potential applications in medicine and agriculture. Herein, we describe a mini-review of the principal AMP families, such as defensins, lipid transfer proteins (LTPs), thionins, heveins, and cyclotides. The objective of this work was to present the main discoveries regarding the biological activities of these plant AMP families, especially in the last 20 years. We also discuss the current knowledge of their biological activities, gene expression, and possible uses as antimicrobial molecules and in plant biotechnology.
Changes in Climate and Their Implications for Cattle Nutrition and Management
Authors: Muzzo Bashiri Iddy , Ramsey R. Douglas , Villalba Juan J.
Published: December 2024

Climate change is a global challenge that impacts rangeland and pastureland landscapes by inducing shifts in temperature variability, precipitation patterns, and extreme weather events. These changes alter soil and plant conditions, reducing forage availability and chemical composition and leading to nutritional stress in cattle. This stress occurs when animals lack adequate water and feed sources or when these resources are insufficient in quantity, composition, or nutrient balance. Several strategies are essential to address these impacts. Genetic selection, epigenetic biomarkers, and exploration of epigenetic memories present promising avenues for enhancing the resilience of cattle populations and improving adaptation to environmental stresses. Remote sensing and GIS technologies assist in locating wet spots to establish islands of plant diversity and high forage quality for grazing amid ongoing climate change challenges. Establishing islands of functional plant diversity improves forage quality, reduces carbon and nitrogen footprints, and provides essential nutrients and bioactives, thus enhancing cattle health, welfare, and productivity. Real-time GPS collars coupled with accelerometers provide detailed data on cattle movement and activity, aiding livestock nutrition management while mitigating heat stress. Integrating these strategies may offer significant advantages to animals facing a changing world while securing the future of livestock production and the global food system.
The Enhanced Electrochemical Properties of Lithium-Rich Manganese-Based Cathode Materials via Mg-Al Co-Doping
Authors: Lu Wanting , Deng Wenhui , Zheng Xiyan , Lin Kunling , Liu Mengyuan , Zhu Guozhang , Lin Jingyi , Wei Yi , Wang Feng , Liu Jiageng
Published: December 2024

Due to the advantages of high capacity, low working voltage, and low cost, lithium-rich manganese-based material (LMR) is the most promising cathode material for lithium-ion batteries; however, the poor cycling life, poor rate performance, and low initial Coulombic efficiency severely restrict its practical utility. In this work, the precursor Mn2/3Ni1/6Co1/6CO3 was obtained by the continuous co-precipitation method, and on this basis, different doping levels of aluminum–magnesium were applied to modify the electrode materials by high-temperature sintering. The first discharge capacity can reach 295.3 mAh·g−1 for the LMR material of Li1.40(Mn0.666Ni0.162Co0.162Mg0.005Al0.005)O2. The Coulombic efficiency is 83.8%, and the capacity retention rate remains at 84.4% after 300 cycles at a current density of 1 C for the Mg-Al co-doped LMR material, superior to the unmodified sample. The improved electrochemical performance is attributed to the increased oxygen vacancy and enlarged lithium layer spacing after trace magnesium–aluminum co-doping, enhancing the lithium-ion diffusion and effectively mitigating voltage degradation during cycling. Thus, magnesium–aluminum doping modification emerges as a promising method to improve the electrochemical performance of lithium-rich manganese-based cathode materials.
The Effects of Network Architecture on the Photomechanical Performance of Azo-Acrylate Liquid Crystal Elastomers
Authors: Svanidze Anastasiia , Kundu Sudarshan , Iadlovska Olena , Thakur Anil K. , Zheng Xiaoyu , Palffy-Muhoray Peter
Published: December 2024

Azo-containing liquid crystal elastomers are photomechanical materials that can be actuated via illumination. The photomechanical response is a result of the photoisomerization of the azo moiety, which produces bulk stresses in the material. These stresses arise via two distinct and competing mechanisms: order parameter change induced stress and direct contractile stress. We describe thermomechanical and photomechanical experiments aimed at assessing the relative contributions of these. We show that the details of the attachment of azo dyes to the network can greatly influence the photoresponse. We discuss our results and summarize our findings.
First-Principles-Based Structural and Mechanical Properties of Al3Ni Under High Pressure
Authors: Xiao Chuncai , Yang Baiyuan , Lai Zhangli , Chen Zhiquan , Yang Huaiyang , Wang Hui , Zhou Yunzhi , Zeng Xianshi
Published: December 2024

The structural, elastic, and thermal characteristics within the 0–30 GPa pressure range of Al3Ni intermetallic compounds were extensively studied using first-principles computational techniques. Using structural optimization, lattice parameters and the variation in volume variation under diverse pressures were determined, and the trends in their structural alteration with pressure were identified. The computed elastic constants validate the mechanical stability of Al3Ni within the applied pressure range and show that its compressive stiffness and shear resistance increase rapidly with increasing pressure. The Cauchy pressure variation implies that the metallic nature of Al3Ni increases gradually with increasing pressure. Moreover, through analysis of Poisson’s ratio, the anisotropy factor, and the sound velocity, we ascertained that pressure attenuates the anisotropic attributes of the material, and Al3Ni exhibits more pronounced isotropic characteristics and mechanical homogeneity under high-pressure conditions. The substantial increase in the Debye temperature further suggests that high pressure fortifies the lattice dynamic rigidity of the material. This current research systematically elucidated the stability of Al3Ni under high-pressure conditions and the law of the transformation of it mechanical behavior, providing a theoretical foundation for its application under extreme circumstances.
Species-Level Saltmarsh Vegetation Fractional Cover Estimation Based on Time Series Sentinel-2 Imagery with the Assistance of Sample Expansion
Authors: Sha Jinghan , Zhuo Zhaojun , Zhou Qingqing , Ke Yinghai , Zhang Mengyao , Li Jinyuan , Min Yukui
Published: December 2024

Coastal saltmarsh wetlands are vital “blue carbon” ecosystems. Fractional vegetation cover (FVC) is a key indicator revealing the spatial distribution and growth status of vegetation. Remote sensing has proven a vital tool for FVC estimation at regional or landscape scales. Establishing a species-level FVC estimation model usually requires sufficient field measurements as training/validation samples. However, field-based sample collection in wetlands is challenging because of the harsh environment. In this study, we proposed a Fractional Vegetation Cover Wasserstein Generative Adversarial Network (FVC-WGAN) model for FVC sample expansion. We chose the Yellow River Delta as the study area and utilized the time series Sentinel-2 imagery and random forest regression model for species-level FVC estimation with the assistance of FVC-WGAN-generated samples. To assess the efficacy of FVC-WGAN, we designed 13 experimental schemes using different combinations of real and generated samples. Our results show that the FVC-WGAN-generated samples had similar feature values to the real samples. Supplementing 500 real samples with generated samples can achieve good accuracy with an average RMSE < 0.1. As the number of real samples increased, the accuracies of FVC estimation improved. When the number of the generated samples was balanced with the real samples, the accuracy improved in terms of both R2, RMSE and the spatial consistency.
Effects of a 3D-Printed Turbulence Promoter on Membrane Fouling During the Ultrafiltration of Dairy Wastewater
Authors: Szpisják-Gulyás Nikolett , László Zsuzsanna , Kertész Szabolcs , Hodúr Cecilia
Published: December 2024

In this study, the integration of a 3D printed turbulence promoter into a stirred membrane separation cell during dairy wastewater ultrafiltration was investigated. Its effects, along with the effects of stirring, on the permeate flux and membrane fouling were examined. The experiments were carried out at different transmembrane pressures (0.1, 0.2, and 0.3 MPa) and stirring speeds (RPM: 100–400 min−1), both with and without the application of the turbulence promoter. Various parameters were employed to characterize the membrane performance, such as the permeate flux, the flux decline ratio, and the fouling coefficient. To further investigate the membrane fouling mechanisms, mathematical models were used: the resistance-in-series model, the Makardij model, and the Hermia model. With the resistance-in-series model, we examined whether the membrane fouling was reversible (the deposit could be easily removed by washing operations) or irreversible (irreversible fouling) for each measurement, and with the Makardij model, we investigated whether the rate constant of the fouling or the rate constant of the deposit removal was the most important. In the case of the Hermia model, changes in the cake filtration rate constant were monitored. The results indicate that the combination of the 3D printed turbulence promoter and the stirring speed could effectively reduce membrane fouling during dairy wastewater ultrafiltration.
Digital Transformation in the EU: Bibliometric Analysis and Digital Economy Trends Highlights
Authors: Zherlitsyn Dmytro , Kolarov Kostadin , Rekova Nataliia
Published: December 2024

This study highlights the Digital Transformation issues in recent scientific topics, as well as the trends in the European Union’s Digital Economy dynamics. The aim is to identify key and promising research topics in the digital field and define priorities for adopting digital innovations in the EU in terms of bibliographical and statistical aspects. The study includes a bibliographic analysis using publication metrics statistics, word cloud diagrams, and network clustering. There is also a quantitative analysis of the leading Digital Economy trends in the EU using correlation and cluster analyses and visualizations of the selected economic and Digital Transformation metrics. The results identify critical keywords in digitalization publications related to other key research and multidisciplinary areas. A grouping is proposed of research paper topics and research issues related to Digital Transformation in the EU and worldwide based on the identified trends in recent research proposals. The study examines the correlation of some digital indices and trends in EU countries’ GDP dynamics, R&D investment, and digital inclusion. From the clustering based on the data of a single digital market that promotes e-commerce for individuals and businesses, groups of EU countries have been identified as having the potential to increase digital inclusion and convergence growth rate. The results provide a basis for future research on Digital Transformation and determine the need for further intensification of EU digitalization.
A Lightweight YOLO Model for Rice Panicle Detection in Fields Based on UAV Aerial Images
Authors: Song Zixuan , Ban Songtao , Hu Dong , Xu Mengyuan , Yuan Tao , Zheng Xiuguo , Sun Huifeng , Zhou Sheng , Tian Minglu , Li Linyi
Published: December 2024

Accurate counting of the number of rice panicles per unit area is essential for rice yield estimation. However, intensive planting, complex growth environments, and the overlapping of rice panicles and leaves in paddy fields pose significant challenges for precise panicle detection. In this study, we propose YOLO-Rice, a rice panicle detection model based on the You Only Look Once version 8 nano (YOLOv8n). The model employs FasterNet, a lightweight backbone network, and incorporates a two-layer detection head to improve rice panicle detection performance while reducing the overall model size. Additionally, we integrate a Normalization-based Attention Module (NAM) and introduce a Minimum Point Distance-based IoU (MPDIoU) loss function to further improve the detection capability. The results demonstrate that the YOLO-Rice model achieved an object detection accuracy of 93.5% and a mean Average Precision (mAP) of 95.9%, with model parameters reduced to 32.6% of the original YOLOv8n model. When deployed on a Raspberry Pi 5, YOLO-Rice achieved 2.233 frames per second (FPS) on full-sized images, reducing the average detection time per image by 81.7% compared to YOLOv8n. By decreasing the input image size, the FPS increased to 11.36. Overall, the YOLO-Rice model demonstrates enhanced robustness and real-time detection capabilities, achieving higher accuracy and making it well-suited for deployment on low-cost portable devices. This model offers effective support for rice yield estimation, as well as for cultivation and breeding applications.
A Secure and Efficient White-Box Implementation of SM4
Authors: Hu Xiaobo , Yu Yanyan , Tu Yinzi , Wang Jing , Chen Shi , Bao Yuqi , Zhang Tengyuan , Xing Yaowen , Zheng Shihui
Published: December 2024

Differential Computation Analysis (DCA) leverages memory traces to extract secret keys, bypassing countermeasures employed in white-box designs, such as encodings. Although researchers have made great efforts to enhance security against DCA, most solutions considerably decrease algorithmic efficiency. In our approach, the Feistel cipher SM4 is implemented by a series of table-lookup operations, and the input and output of each table are protected by affine transformations and nonlinear encodings generated randomly. We employ fourth-order non-linear encoding to reduce the loss of efficiency while utilizing a random sequence to shuffle lookup table access, thereby severing the potential link between memory data and the intermediate values of SM4. Experimental results indicate that the DCA procedure fails to retrieve the correct key. Furthermore, theoretical analysis shows that the techniques employed in our scheme effectively prevent existing algebraic attacks. Finally, our design requires only 1.44 MB of memory, significantly less than that of the known DCA-resistant schemes—Zhang et al.’s scheme (24.3 MB), Yuan et al.’s scheme (34.5 MB) and Zhao et al.’s scheme (7.8 MB). Thus, our SM4 white-box design effectively ensures security while maintaining a low memory cost.
Measuring Livelihood Resilience in Multi-Hazard Regions: A Case Study of the Khuzestan Province in the Persian Gulf Coast
Authors: Esmailzadeh Abdulsalam , Arvin Mahmoud , Ebrahimi Mohammad , Kazemi Garajeh Mohammad , Afzali Goruh Zahra
Published: December 2024

Assessing community-level resilience and implementing strategies to enhance it are essential for maintaining fundamental community functions, coping with and mitigating risks, effectively reducing hazards, and promoting sustainable regional development. Accordingly, this study aimed to measure hazard exposure and livelihood resilience in the counties of Khuzestan Province. Hazard exposure to earthquakes, flooding, and drought was evaluated using decision-making techniques within a geographic information system (GIS). Additionally, a multi-criteria decision-making approach incorporating eight indicators was employed to calculate the integrated livelihood resilience indicator for the counties. The results indicated that the northern and northeastern counties exhibit the highest potential for flooding and earthquake hazards, whereas the southern and southwestern counties are most vulnerable to flooding and drought. Moreover, Dezful, Shadegan, and Ahvaz counties demonstrated the highest levels of livelihood resilience, while Lali, Haftkel, and Andika counties exhibited the lowest levels. Assessing hazard exposure and livelihood resilience represents critical steps in risk reduction management programs and initiatives. Evaluating community-level livelihood resilience in multi-hazard areas is a vital component in advancing the global objectives of the Sendai Framework for Disaster Risk Reduction and the Sustainable Development Goals.