bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Physical Therapists Referring Patients to Physicians: A Review of Case Reports and Series
Authors: Boissonnault William G. , Ross Michael D.
Published: February 2012

Study Design

Descriptive.

Background

An important role for physical therapists in the healthcare delivery system is to recognize when patient referral to a physician or other healthcare provider is indicated. Few studies exist describing physical therapists' evaluative and diagnostic processes leading to patient referral to a physician.

Objective

To summarize published patient case reports that described physical therapist/patient episodes of care that resulted in the referral of the patient to a physician and a subsequent diagnosis of medical disease.

Methods

A literature search identified 78 case reports describing physical therapist referral of patients to physicians with subsequent diagnosis of a medical condition. Two evaluators reviewed the cases and summarized (1) how and when patients accessed physical therapy services, (2) timing of patient referral to a physician, (3) resultant medical diagnoses, (4) physical therapists' role in referral of patients for diagnostic testing, and (5) relevant patient symptom description, health history, review of systems, and physical examination findings.

Results

Fifty-eight (74.4%) of 78 patients had been referred to a physical therapist by their physician, while the remaining 20 patients accessed physical therapy services via direct access. The patients' primary presenting symptoms included pain (n = 60), weakness (n = 4), tingling/numbness (n = 2), or a combination (n = 12). Patient referrals to a physician occurred at the initial physical therapy session in 58 (74.4%) of 78 cases. A majority of patient referrals to a physician (n = 65) were related to primary presenting symptoms, including manifestations inconsistent with physician diagnosis, recent worsening without cause, unusual accompanying symptoms such as fatigue and/or weakness, and inadequate response to treatment. Resultant diagnoses included neuromusculoskeletal disorders (n = 53; fractures and tumors most common), visceral disorders (n = 14; cardiovascular involvement most common), and medication-related disorders (n = 3).

Conclusions

This review of published patient case reports provides numerous examples of physical therapists using effective multifactorial screening strategies for referred and direct-access patients, leading to timely patient referrals to physicians. The therapist-initiated patient referral to a physician led to subsequent diagnosis of a wide range of conditions and pathological processes. J Orthop Sports Phys Ther 2012;42(5):446–454, Epub 25 January 2012. doi:10.2519/jospt.2012.3890
A Widening Gap In Economic Crisis And Opportunities: A Perspective Of Migration And Hiv From Dadeldhura, Far-West Of Nepal
Authors: Jha CK
Published: February 2012

Introduction: A cross-sectional study was undertaken to explore socio-economic conditions of inhabitants from Dadeldhura district in Far-West Nepal. Methodology: The study examined chances of migration to India for earning, and then possible risks of HIV transmission in migrants. Results: It was found that most of the respondents have insuffi cient food supplies, which led to a large number of economically productive populations to migrate India for earning. Although the level of knowledge on HIV/AIDS was high in the respondents, they also had several confusions. The cultural restrictions forbid them to talk about the issues related to sexuality or to acquire relevant information. Conclusion: As an implication, they remained unaware of the threat of HIV transmission despite the fact that some of them engaged in unsafe sexual behaviours. Provisions of information through peer networks seem to be effective to promote safer sexual behaviors in migrant populations. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/saarctb.v8i1.5887 SAARCTB 2011; 8(1): 15-19
Editorial v8i2
Authors: Editor The
Published: February 2012

DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/saarctb.v8i2.5892 SAARCTB 2011; 8(2): i
Do Doctors Know Enough On Tuberculosis? A Survey Among Government Medical Officers In The Curative Health Sector
Authors: Madegedara RMD , Yasaratne BMDG
Published: February 2012

Background: Tuberculosis (TB) is a global epidemic with over 2 billion people, equal to one-third of the world’s population, are currently estimated to be infected. In Sri Lanka, despite an effective national programme for TB control and mass scale immunoprophylaxis, TB still remains a growing public health issue with over 9000 new cases being detected annually. Studies conducted in many high prevalent settings had clearly shown that the knowledge and practices among many general practitioners and family physicians do not conform to WHO guidelines or expectations. A survey among government medical offi cers in the curative health sector was carried out with the objective to assess the basic knowledge on tuberculosis (TB) among non-specialist medical offi cers (MOs). Methodology: We assessed the basic knowledge on TB in fi ve main fi elds, namely clinical pathology, diagnostic methods, treatment regimens, Direct Observed Treatment Short course (DOTS) and Bacillus of Calmette-Guerin (BCG) vaccination in 355 randomly selected MOs. According to the individual performance, marks were allocated and a grading of poor, average or good was offered for each component. An overall fi nal rank was given to each subject according to the total marks achieved. Results: Only 27% had good (marks >66%) overall knowledge. 67% had average, while 6% had poor (marks <33%) overall knowledge. Majority had good understanding on clinical pathology and DOTS, but the knowledge was most inadequate with regard to BCG and treatment regimens. Post-intern MOs had a lower understanding on anti-TB medications and different regimens, when compared to intern MOs (x2=8.8047,p=0.012), and their knowledge did not improve with service experience. MOs attached to out-patient departments and surgical units seem to be in need of extra attention. Conclusion: The knowledge on basic aspects of TB is not satisfactory among most of the MOs. Applicability of targeted awareness and continuation of medical education programmes, assessment schemes, appraisal systems and antibiotic regulation and prescription policies for the local setup should be explored. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/saarctb.v8i2.5893 SAARCTB 2011; 8(2): 1-5
Distribution Of Abo And Rh Blood Groups In Hiv Seropositives At An Integrated Counseling And Testing Centre In Karnataka, India
Authors: Banu A , Ahmed SM , Shastri S
Published: February 2012

Introduction: ABO blood group system was the fi rst human blood group system to be discovered. Subsequent to the discovery of blood groups by Landsteiner and advancement in its study many workers tried to fi nd out associations between blood groups and the incidence of various diseases. The objective of the study was to create a blood group database which would probably help in transfusion services and fi nd out the distribution of blood groups in the seropositive population. Methodology: Blood groups were ascertained for 1809 patients who were HIV seropositive enrolled at ICTC in a tertiary care teaching hospital in Karnataka, India from April 2004 to January 2010 using the simple tile method. The results were compiles and statistically analyzed. Results: Blood grouping was done for 1809 patients, out of which 1749 (96.68%) were adults and 60(3.32%) were paediatric patients. O Rhesus positive was the most prevalent blood group in both adult (40.13%) and paediatric (43.33%) seropositives. B Rhesus positive was next commonest group in adults (26.12%) and A Rhesus positive in paediatric(30.0%). AB Rhesus negative (Adults-0.34% and Paediatric-0%) blood group was the least prevalent in the study population. Conclusion: It is important to create blood group database for the Indian seropositives population, to know any probable association between blood group and HIV infection. This study is an attempt to create a blood group database in a modestly large seropositive which would play a vital role in transfusion services and future research . Larger nation-wide studies would be required to substantiate any association between blood groups and HIV infection. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/saarctb.v8i2.5901 SAARCTB 2011; 8(2): 42-45
Prediction of glass transition temperatures of aromatic heterocyclic polymers
Authors: Yu Xinliang , Wang Xueye
Published: February 2012

A quantitative structure –property relationship model was constructed to correlate the glass transition temperatures (T
g) of aromatic heterocyclic polymers with four molecular descriptors calculated from the repeating units. Multiple linear regression analysis was used to develop the model. The data set of 52 polymers was randomly divided into a training set, and a testing set. The training set was used to develop the model, which was evaluated externally using the test set. Even with the diversity of the data set, the optimal model exhibited some predictive power in estimating the T
g, with the mean relative errors of 3.299% (R = 0.963, n = 28) for the training set and 3.064% (R = 0.959, n = 23) for the test set.
Relationship between the γ and some parameters of Fe-based bulk metallic glasses
Authors: Zhang Peilei , Yan Hua , Yao Chengwu , Li Zhuguo , Yu Zhishui , Xu Peiquan
Published: February 2012

The relationship between γ (T
x/(T
g + T
l)) of Fe-based bulk metallic glasses (BMGs) and three parameters (i. e., electronegativity difference, atomic size parameter and heat of mixing) is studied in this paper. The conclusion can be drawn from the available experimental data in the literature that parameter γ has a close correlation to three parameters in Fe-based BMGs. It can be expressed as follows: γ = 0.40334 − 0.20242 × Δx
2 − 0.1209 × δ2 + 3.7395 × 10−6 × ΔH
2. The function can be obtained by a nonlinear regression analysis program and it can be used to find new Fe-based BMGs alloys.
Prediction of the transverse Young's modulus of unidirectional triangle-section carbon fiber reinforced plastics
Authors: Wang Rongguo , Liu Xin , Liu Wenbo , He Xiaodong , Yang Fan
Published: February 2012

In order to research the mechanical behavior of unidirectional triangle-section carbon fiber reinforced plastics (TCFRP), the composite was manufactured using the filament winding process, with a fiber volume fraction of 49.40%, and the transverse Young's modulus of TCFRP was tested. The distribution of triangle-section carbon fibers (TCFs) in the cross-section of TCFRP was investigated by observing and analyzing a lot of micrographs of the composite. By utilizing ANSYS software package and the Halpin–Tsai analytical method, the transverse Young's modulus of six groups models of unidirectional TCFRP with different fiber volume fractions (50.00%; 48.27%; 46.63%; 45.07%; 43.58% and 42.17%) were investigated, and the shape factors in the Halpin–Tsai equations were obtained. Based on the fitting curve, the relationship between the shape factors and fiber volume fractions was expressed as an equation, which could be used to predict the transverse Young's modulus of TCFRP with arbitrary TCFs content. For the TCFRP whose the fiber volume fraction was 49.40%, the prediction of transverse Young's modulus of TCFRP was compared with experimental data and the result shows good agreement.
Lattice dynamics analysis of the thermal properties of liquid iron
Authors: Wang Zenghui , Ni Mingjiu
Published: February 2012

In this paper, the embedded atom method potential and Johnson potential are applied to calculate the thermal properties of liquid iron with an emphasis on a wide rage of temperatures and pressures. The results show that the liquid iron self-diffusion coefficient increases with increasing temperature and decreases with increasing pressure. The calculated self-diffusion coefficient is in good agreement with Protopapas' hard-sphere model at atmospheric pressure. According to the simulation results, we can get the Arrhenius equation between diffusion coefficient, temperature and activation energy. Increasing pressure enlarges the liquid iron activation energy and reduces the movement of atoms in liquid iron. Liquid iron thermal conductivity is computed using non-equilibrium molecular dynamics simulation and the simulation results are consistent with Pottlacher's experimental results with acceptable uncertainty in the 1535–2700 K temperature range.
Signatures of supercooling: McMurdo Sound platelet ice
Authors: Gough Alexander J. , Mahoney Andrew R. , Langhorne Pat J. , Williams Michael J.M. , Robinson Natalie J. , Haskell Tim G.
Published: February 2012

Near ice shelves around Antarctica the ocean becomes supercooled and has been observed to carry small suspended ice crystals. Our measurements demonstrate that these small crystals are persistently present in the water column beneath the winter fast ice, and when incorporated in sea ice they reduce the mean grain size of the sea-ice cover. By midwinter, larger ice crystals below the ice/water interface are observed to form a porous sub-ice platelet layer with an ice volume fraction of 0.25 ± 0.06. The magnitude and direction of the oceanic heat flux varied between (5 ± 6) Wm-2 (upwards) and (-15 ± 10) Wm-2 (downwards) in May, but by September it settled between (-6 ± 2) and (-11 ± 2) W m-2. The negative values imply that the ocean acts as a heat sink which is responsible for the growth of 12% of the ice thickness between June and September. This oceanic contribution should not be ignored in models of Antarctic sea-ice thickness close to an ice shelf.
Melt regimes, stratigraphy, flow dynamics and glaciochemistry of three glaciers in the Alaska Range
Authors: Campbell Seth , Kreutz Karl , Osterberg Erich , Arcone Steven , Wake Cameron , Introne Douglas , Volkening Kevin , Winski Dominic
Published: February 2012

We used ground-penetrating radar (GPR), GPS and glaciochemistry to evaluate melt regimes and ice depths, important variables for mass-balance and ice-volume studies, of Upper Yentna Glacier, Upper Kahiltna Glacier and the Mount Hunter ice divide, Alaska. We show the wet, percolation and dry snow zones located below ~2700ma.s.l., at ~2700 to 3900ma.s.l. and above 3900ma.s.l., respectively. We successfully imaged glacier ice depths upwards of 480 m using 40-100 MHz GPR frequencies. This depth is nearly double previous depth measurements reached using mid-frequency GPR systems on temperate glaciers. Few Holocene-length climate records are available in Alaska, hence we also assess stratigraphy and flow dynamics at each study site as a potential ice-core location. Ice layers in shallow firn cores and attenuated glaciochemical signals or lacking strata in GPR profiles collected on Upper Yentna Glacier suggest that regions below 2800ma.s.l. are inappropriate for paleoclimate studies because of chemical diffusion, through melt. Flow complexities on Kahiltna Glacier preclude ice-core climate studies. Minimal signs of melt or deformation, and depth-age model estimates suggesting ~4815 years of ice on the Mount Hunter ice divide (3912ma.s.l.) make it a suitable Holocene-age ice-core location.
Dynamics of tidewater surge-type glaciers in northwest Svalbard
Authors: Mansell Damien , Luckman Adrian , Murray Tavi
Published: February 2012

The evolution of ice dynamics through surges of four tidewater-terminating glaciers in northwest Svalbard is investigated by remote sensing. A 20 year time series of glacier surface flow speeds and frontal positions is presented covering the recent surges of Monacobreen, Comfortlessbreen, Blomstrandbreen and Fjortende Julibreen. Surface flow speeds were derived using feature tracking between pairs of ERS SAR and ALOS PALSAR images, while frontal positions were taken from the same imagery, as well as more frequent but lower-spatial-resolution Envisat Wide Swath Mode images. During all four surges, increased ice flow caused the tidewater margin to advance while the calving flux was initially reduced to near zero due to compressive stresses limiting crevasse propagation. As ice speed decreased, the terminus continued to advance, until the glacier’s speed had returned to its pre-surge flow rate. Only at this time did the terminus start to retreat and peak iceberg calving flux was established. We conclude that terminus advance closely tracks glacier speed-up, that there is little mass loss through calving during the most active phase of the surge, and that seasonal cycles of terminus positions diminish during the active surge phase.
Ice deformed in compression and simple shear: control of temperature and initial fabric
Authors: Wilson Christopher J.L. , Peternell Mark
Published: February 2012

Layered and polycrystalline ice was experimentally deformed in general shear involving axial compression (strain magnitude 0.5-17%) and simple shear (strain magnitude γ = 0.1-1.4). As the temperature is increased from -20°C to -2°C, there is at least a twofold enhancement in octahedral shear strain rate, which coincides with the onset of extensive dynamic recrystallization and a change in grain-size distribution at -15°C. Between -150C and -10°C the c-axis preferred orientation rapidly evolves with the initiation of two-maxima fabrics in shear zones. From -10°C to -2°C there is progressive evolution of a final c-axis pattern that is asymmetric with respect to the direction of shortening, with a strong maximum at ~5° to the pole of the shear zone, a sense of asymmetry in the direction of the shear, and a secondary maximum inclined at ~45° to the plane of shearing. An initial c-axis preferred orientation plays a critical role in the initial mechanical evolution. In contrast to established ideas, a strong alignment of basal planes parallel to the plane of easy glide inhibited deformation and there was an increased component of strain hardening until recrystallization processes become dominant.
The annual glaciohydrology cycle in the ablation zone of the Greenland ice sheet: Part 2. Observed and modeled ice flow
Authors: Colgan William , Rajaram Harihar , Anderson Robert S. , Steffen Konrad , Zwally H. Jay , Phillips Thomas , Abdalati Waleed
Published: February 2012

Ice velocities observed in 2005/06 at three GPS stations along the Sermeq Avannarleq flowline, West Greenland, are used to characterize an observed annual velocity cycle. We attempt to reproduce this annual ice velocity cycle using a 1-D ice-flow model with longitudinal stresses coupled to a 1-D hydrology model that governs an empirical basal sliding rule. Seasonal basal sliding velocity is parameterized as a perturbation of prescribed winter sliding velocity that is proportional to the rate of change of glacier water storage. The coupled model reproduces the broad features of the annual basal sliding cycle observed along this flowline, namely a summer speed-up event followed by a fall slowdown event. We also evaluate the hypothesis that the observed annual velocity cycle is due to the annual calving cycle at the terminus. We demonstrate that the ice acceleration due to a catastrophic calving event takes an order of magnitude longer to reach CU/ETH (‘Swiss’) Camp (46 km upstream of the terminus) than is observed. The seasonal acceleration observed at Swiss Camp is therefore unlikely to be the result of velocity perturbations propagated upstream via longitudinal coupling. Instead we interpret this velocity cycle to reflect the local history of glacier water balance.
Studies on the Rhenium Complexes derived from substituted Thiazole and Imidazole Ligands
Authors: Karim Md Manzurul , Sutradhar Sudeepta , Hassan Kamrul
Published: February 2012

Treatment of [Re2(CO)10(MeCN)2] with 2-(methylmercapto)benzothiazole/2-(methylmercapto)benzimidazole in refluxing benzene resulted in the isolation of compounds [Re2(CO)8(µ-η1,η1-(C7H4NS)SCH3] and [Re2(CO)8(µ-η1,η1-(C7H5N2)SCH3] in moderate yield.  The compounds have been characterized by IR, 1H NMR, 13C NMR and mass spectral data. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/jbcs.v24i2.9698 Journal of Bangladesh Chemical Society, Vol. 24(2), 97-105, 2011
Synthesis and characterization of the disubstituted indene derivative 3-benzyl-l-t-butylamine(dimethylsilyl)indene and its sandwich complex with dichlorotitanium
Authors: Kundu Kalipada
Published: February 2012

The synthesis of the disubstituted indene derivative 3-benzyl-1-t-butylamine(dimethylsilyl)-indene, 3-C6H5CH2-1-SiMe2(NHBut)-C9H6, 1 and its sandwich complex with dichlorotitanium, [h5-{3-C6H5CH2-1-SiMe2(NHBut)-C9H5}]2TiCl2 2, and their characterization using 1H, 13C & 29Si-NMR and mass spectroscopy have been described. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/jbcs.v24i2.9700 Journal of Bangladesh Chemical Society, Vol. 24(2), 115-122, 2011
Synthesis of N-(2'-imidazolyl)-2- aminopyridyl Palladium Dichloride and its application as catalyst in Suzuki-Miyaura cross coupling reaction
Authors: Hashem Md Abul , Sultana Abeda
Published: February 2012

The ligand N-(2′-imidazolyl)-2- aminopyridine 9 was prepared from imidazole. Compound 9 forms complex with Na2PdCl4 in methanol. The complex 10 (1.5 mmol %) was utilized in Suzuki-Miyaura cross-coupling reaction to prepare substituted biphenyls, terphenyls, and heterobiaryls in good to excellent yields.Keywords: N-(2′-imidazolyl)-2-aminopyridine ligand; Palladium Complexes; Palladacycles; Suzuki-Miyaura Cross Coupling; Biaryls; Terphenyls; Heterobiaryls; Suzuki-reaction.DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/jbcs.v24i2.9701Journal of Bangladesh Chemical Society, Vol. 24(2), 123-134, 2011
Volumetric studies of alcohols in water and aqueous micelle solutions of cetyltrimethylammonium bromide
Authors: Parvin T , Alauddin M , Rokonuzzaman M
Published: February 2012

The volumetric properties of 1-propanol, cyclohexanol and butoxyethanol in water and CTAB water mixtures have been studied. The apparent molar volumes of 1-propanol, cyclohexanol and butoxyethanol in water and in aqueous solutions of CTAB were determined from density data. The partial molar volumes of the alcohols in water and aqueous micelle solutions at infinite dilution, V20(mic) were obtained from apparent molar volume data and compared with the corresponding values. The standard partial molar expansibilities, E20(mic) of the solubilizates were evaluated from V20(mic) data at various temperatures. The volumetric studies of alcohols in CTAB micelles indicate that alcohols on the average are preferentially solubilized in the palisade layer of the micelle and increasing amount of each is transferred more deep into the palisade layer of the micelle with increasing surfactant concentration and temperature. The results of standard partial molar volume, V20 and standard partial molar expansibilities, E20 are reported and discussed. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/jbcs.v24i2.9703 Journal of Bangladesh Chemical Society, Vol. 24(2), 143-157, 2011
Determination of essential and toxic metals in meats, meat products and eggs by spectrophotometric method
Authors: Chowdhury M Zahurul Alam , Siddique Zainul Abedin , Hossain SM Afzal , Kazi Azizul Islam , Ahsan A Aminul , Ahmed Shamim , Zaman M Mahbub
Published: February 2012

The concentration of essential metals such as Fe, Cu, Mg, Co and Zn and toxic metals such as Pb, Cd, Cr, As and Ni were determined in a number of animal meats, organ meats, meat products, and eggs by using UV-visible and atomic absorption spectrophotometry (AAS). The essential metal estimation in the investigated samples indicated the following range of concentration: Fe: 11 - 623 mg kg-1, Cu: 1 - 165 mg kg-1, Mg: 16 - 1372 mg kg-1, Co: 0.01 - 48 mg kg-1, Zn: 15 - 295 mg kg-1. These concentrations of essential metals are in the range of human necessities.  The concentrations of toxic metals in the same samples were: Pb: 0.03 - 43 mg kg-1, Cd: 0.01- 8 mg kg-1, Cr: 0.02 - 5 mg kg-1, As: 0.004 - 3 mg kg-1 and Ni: 0.03 - 41 mg kg-1. The concentration of arsenic in all samples was found negligible and this indicates that the investigated samples are safe from arsenic toxicity. The concentrations of other four toxic metals being very negligible in most of the samples indicate that these foodstuffs are reasonably safe from metal toxicity. However a few samples which exhibited higher concentrations of these metals above their tolerance limits are alarming for the public health and demand regular examination of these items before coming to the markets. The information obtained from the present investigation is expected to be useful to the general people of this region in selecting meats as their diets. Keywords: Meats; Organ meats; meat products; eggs; AAS; Heavy metals concentrations. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/jbcs.v24i2.9705 Journal of Bangladesh Chemical Society, Vol. 24(2), 165-172, 2011
In vitro antibacterial activity of shrimp chitosan against Salmonela paratyphi and Staphylococcus aureus
Authors: Islam Md Monarul , Masum Shah Md , Mahbub Khandaker Rayhan
Published: February 2012

Antimicrobial properties of chitosan extracted from indigenous shrimp processing waste were determined against one gram-negative (Salmonella Paratyphi) and one gram-positive bacterium (Staphylococcus aureus) in vitro. The antimicrobial activities of chitosan were explored by calculation of the Minimum Inhibitory Concentration (MIC) and Minimum Bactericidal Concentration (MBC) in media supplemented with 128, 138, 168, 192, 240, 288, 300 and 320 ppm chitosan solution adjusted to pH 6 or 7. The Minimum Inhibitory Concentration (MIC) and Minimum Bactericidal Concentration (MBC) of the prepared chitosan was 288 and 300 ppm for both bacterial strains.  These results indicate that chitosan from indigenous shrimp processing waste could be used as an effective antibacterial agent in the food industry. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/jbcs.v24i2.9707 Journal of Bangladesh Chemical Society, Vol. 24(2), 185-190, 2011
Performance of Sudanese activated bentonite in bleaching cottonseed oil
Authors: Taha Kamal K , Suleiman Tagelsir M , Musa Musa A
Published: February 2012

Bentonite clay collected from Jabal Umm Ali area NE of Khartoum (Sudan) was characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD). It was then purified by treatment with distilled water and activated with sulfuric acid at 90 ºC for 3.5 hrs. XRD indicated modification of activated bentonite with enhanced surface area. Several cations were removed from octahedral sheet (Mg, Al, and Fe). Increasing the acid concentration enhanced the degree of destruction of bentonite structure.  On bleaching semi-refined cottonseed oil with activated bentonite, 30% acid concentration was found to be optimal for color removal and that the local activated bentonite is more efficient in bleaching vegetable oil than the standard one. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/jbcs.v24i2.9708 Journal of Bangladesh Chemical Society, Vol. 24(2), 191-201, 2011
Study on fatty acid composition and physico-chemical properties of Nyctanthes arbortristis root
Authors: Rahman Mohammad Mizanur , Shahjahan Mohammad
Published: February 2012

Fatty acid composition of Nyctanthes arbortristis Linn root extracted successively  with light petroleum ether (40-600C bp.)- n-hexane and chloroform were analyzed by gas liquid chromatography (GLC). Twenty one fatty acids were identified in the Seuli root. The major saturated and unsaturated fatty acids are palmitic acid (C16:0, 13.97%) and oleic acid (C18:1, 28.43%). Physio-chemical characteristics, such as iodine value, moisture, ash, lignin and crude fibre of the Seuli root were also determined.   Keywords: Nyctanthes arbortristis Linn; Seuli; root; fatty acid composition; gas liquid chromatography. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/jbcs.v24i2.9709 Journal of Bangladesh Chemical Society, Vol. 24(2), 202-208, 2011
Synthesis and characterization of three sandwich complexes of zirconium with disubstituted indenyl ligands
Authors: Kundu Kalipada , Reb Alexander
Published: February 2012

The preparation of three sandwich complexes of zirconium (1,2,3) with disubstituted indenyl ligands and their characterization using 1H, 13C and 29Si-NMR and mass spectroscopy is described. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/jbcs.v24i2.9710 Journal of Bangladesh Chemical Society, Vol. 24(2), 209-214, 2011
Studies on the physico-chemical properties and fatty acid composition of Nyctanthes arbor-tristis Linn leaves
Authors: Rahman Mohammad Mizanur , Roy Sudhangshu Kumar , Shahjahan Mohammad
Published: February 2012

Seven fatty acids were isolated from pet-ether extract of Nyctanthes arbor-tristis Linn (Seuli) leaves. The relative percentages of the major fatty acids were identified by GLC as palmitic acid (23.88%), linoleic acid (8.95%), stearic acid (47.56%) and oleic acid (5.07%). The yield of the leaves fat was 2.10%. Acid value of seed oil was found to be 76.27 and suggests that this oil is inedible. Physico-chemical characteristic, such as acid value, iodine value, moisture, ash, lignin, crude fibre, fat, protein and carbohydrate of the Seuli leaf were also determined. Keywords: Seuli leaves; Nyctanthes arbor-tristis Linn; fatty acids composition. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/jbcs.v24i2.9711 Journal of Bangladesh Chemical Society, Vol. 24(2), 215-220, 2011
Production of Bio-Hydrogenated Diesel by Hydrotreatment of High-Acid-Value Waste Cooking Oil over Ruthenium Catalyst Supported on Al-Polyoxocation-Pillared Montmorillonite
Authors: Liu Yanyong , Sotelo-Boyás Rogelio , Murata Kazuhisa , Minowa Tomoaki , Sakanishi Kinya
Published: February 2012

Waste cooking oil with a high-acid-value (28.7 mg-KOH/g-oil) was converted to bio-hydrogenated diesel by a hydrotreatment process over supported Ru catalysts. The standard reaction temperature, H2 pressure, liquid hourly space velocity (LHSV), and H2/oil ratio were 350 °C, 2 MPa, 15.2 h–1, and 400 mL/mL, respectively. Both the free fatty acids and the triglycerides in the waste cooking oil were deoxygenated at the same time to form hydrocarbons in the hydrotreatment process. The predominant liquid hydrocarbon products (98.9 wt%) were n-C18H38, n-C17H36, n-C16H34, and n-C15H32 when a Ru/SiO2 catalyst was used. These long chain normal hydrocarbons had high melting points and gave the liquid hydrocarbon product over Ru/SiO2 a high pour point of 20 °C. Ru/H-Y was not suitable for producing diesel from waste cooking oil because it formed a large amount of C5–C10 gasoline-ranged paraffins on the strong acid sites of HY. When Al-polyoxocation-pillared montmorillonite (Al13-Mont) was used as a support for the Ru catalyst, the pour point of the liquid hydrocarbon product decreased to −15 °C with the conversion of a significant amount of C15–C18 n-paraffins to iso-paraffins and light paraffins on the weak acid sites of Al13-Mont. The liquid product over Ru/Al13-Mont can be expected to give a green diesel for current diesel engines because its chemical composition and physical properties are similar to those of commercial petro-diesel. A relatively large amount of H2 was consumed in the hydrogenation of unsaturated C=C bonds and the deoxygenation of C=O bonds in the hydrotreatment process. A sulfided Ni-Mo/Al13-Mont catalyst also produced bio-hydrogenated diesel by the hydrotreatment process but it showed slow deactivation during the reaction due to loss of sulfur. In contrast, Ru/Al13-Mont did not show catalyst deactivation in the hydrotreatment of waste cooking oil after 72 h on-stream because the waste cooking oil was not found to contain sulfur-containing compounds.
Modeling Structures and Motions of Loops in Protein Molecules
Authors: Shehu Amarda , Kavraki Lydia E.
Published: February 2012

Unlike the secondary structure elements that connect in protein structures, loop fragments in protein chains are often highly mobile even in generally stable proteins. The structural variability of loops is often at the center of a protein’s stability, folding, and even biological function. Loops are found to mediate important biological processes, such as signaling, protein-ligand binding, and protein-protein interactions. Modeling conformations of a loop under physiological conditions remains an open problem in computational biology. This article reviews computational research in loop modeling, highlighting progress and challenges. Important insight is obtained on potential directions for future research.
Chemical and Biological Analyses of the Essential Oils and Main Constituents of Piper Species
Authors: Moura do Carmo Dominique F. , Amaral Ana Cláudia Fernandes , Machado Gérzia M. C. , Leon Leonor Laura , Silva Jefferson Rocha de Andrade
Published: February 2012

The essential oils obtained from leaves of Piper duckei and Piper demeraranum by hydrodistillation were analyzed by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry. The main constituents found in P. demeraranum oil were limonene (19.3%) and β-elemene (33.1%) and in P. duckei oil the major components found were germacrene D (14.7%) and trans-caryophyllene (27.1%). P. demeraranum and P. duckei oils exhibited biological activity, with IC50 values between 15 to 76 μg mL−1 against two Leishmania species, P. duckei oil being the most active. The cytotoxicity of the essential oils on mice peritoneal macrophage cells was insignificant, compared with the toxicity of pentamidine. The main mono- and sesquiterpene, limonene (IC50 = 278 μM) and caryophyllene (IC50 = 96 μM), were tested against the strains of Leishmania amazonensis, and the IC50 values of these compounds were lower than those found for the essential oils of the Piper species. The HET-CAM test was used to evaluate the irritation potential of these oils as topical products, showing that these oils can be used as auxiliary medication in cases of cutaneous leishmaniasis, with less side effects and lower costs.
An Efficient Three Component One-Pot Synthesis of 5-Amino-7-aryl-7,8-dihydro-[1,2,4] triazolo[4,3-a]-pyrimidine-6-carbonitriles
Authors: Ablajan Keyume , Kamil Wetengul , Tuoheti Anagu , Wan-Fu Sun
Published: February 2012

A series of novel 5-amino-7-aryl-7,8-dihydro-[1,2,4] triazolo[4,3-a]-pyrimidine-6-carbonitriles were synthesized by a one-pot reaction of 3-amino-1,2,4-triazole, malononitrile and aryl aldehydes in the presence of 20 mol% NaOH in ethanol under heating or ultrasonic irradiation. The structures of the target compounds were confirmed by inspection of their 1H- NMR, 13C-NMR, IR and MS spectra. The advantages of this method are short reaction times, good yields, high selectivity and operational simplicity.
Synthetic Strategies towards Fullerene-Rich Dendrimer Assemblies
Authors: Hahn Uwe , Vögtle Fritz , Nierengarten Jean-François
Published: February 2012

The sphere-shaped fullerene has attracted considerable interest not least due to the peculiar electronic properties of this carbon allotrope and the fascinating materials emanating from fullerene-derived structures. The rapid development and tremendous advances in organic chemistry allow nowadays the modification of C60 to a great extent by pure chemical means. It is therefore not surprising that the fullerene moiety has also been part of dendrimers. At the initial stage, fullerenes have been examined at the center of the dendritic structure mainly aimed at possible shielding effects as exerted by the dendritic environment and light-harvesting effects due to multiple chromophores located at the periphery of the dendrimer. In recent years, also many research efforts have been devoted towards fullerene-rich nanohybrids containing multiple C60 units in the branches and/or as surface functional groups. In this review, synthetic efforts towards the construction of dendritic fullerene-rich nanostructures have been compiled and will be summarized herein.
Experimental Assessment of Different Receiver Structures for Underwater Acoustic Communications over Multipath Channels
Authors: Zhang Guosong , Hovem Jens M. , Dong Hefeng
Published: February 2012

Underwater communication channels are often complicated, and in particular multipath propagation may cause intersymbol interference (ISI). This paper addresses how to remove ISI, and evaluates the performance of three different receiver structures and their implementations. Using real data collected in a high-frequency (10–14 kHz) field experiment, the receiver structures are evaluated by off-line data processing. The three structures are multichannel decision feedback equalizer (DFE), passive time reversal receiver (passive-phase conjugation (PPC) with a single channel DFE), and the joint PPC with multichannel DFE. In sparse channels, dominant arrivals represent the channel information, and the matching pursuit (MP) algorithm which exploits the channel sparseness has been investigated for PPC processing. In the assessment, it is found that: (1) it is advantageous to obtain spatial gain using the adaptive multichannel combining scheme; and (2) the MP algorithm improves the performance of communications using PPC processing.
Effects of Green Tea Ingestion on Postprandial Drops in Blood Pressure in Older Adults
Authors: Son Jung Tae , Lee Eunjoo
Published: February 2012

The purpose of this study was to examine whether drinking green tea can prevent postprandial drops in blood pressure in older adults. Participants included 29 older adults who had experienced postprandial drops in systolic blood pressure of more than 15 mmHg in a previous study. During the experimental phase, each participant drank 400 mL of green tea before lunch; during the control phase, participants ate lunch without any tea. Blood pressure and heart rate were measured during both phases before lunch and at 15-minute intervals for 90 minutes after lunch. Drinking green tea before lunch elicited significant pressor effects by increasing systolic and diastolic blood pressure an average of 15.1 mmHg and 5.7 mmHg, respectively. It had no significant effect on heart rate. Drinking green tea before meals is recommended for older adults who experience postprandial hypotension; however, the appropriate volume and time of green tea ingestion to prevent a postprandial drop in blood pressure should be further studied.
The Patient-Centered Medical Home
Authors: Houde Susan Crocker , Melillo Karen Devereaux , Holmes Robert
Published: February 2012

The patient-centered medical home (PCMH) is a comprehensive model of care that has the potential for improving primary health care for older adults. Nurse practitioners (NPs) have the potential to make a significant impact in PCMHs and to positively affect patient care outcomes. In particular, NPs with practice doctorates have the leadership skills to effectively lead PCMHs. Policies need further refinement to facilitate the leadership role of NPs within PCMHs.
Racionalidad limitada
Authors: Ballester Pla Coralio , Hernández Penélope
Published: February 2012

La observación del comportamiento de los agentes económicos tanto en el laboratorio como en la vida real justifica que la racionalidad acotada sea un supuesto aceptado en numerosos modelos socio-económicos. El objetivo de este artículo es ilustrar las dificultades que conlleva una correcta definición de qué es un agente racional (irracional). En este artículo se describen dos marcos que emplean diferentes metodologías para analizar la racionalidad acotada. El primero es un modelo de segregación espacial donde se contrastan dos metodologías de optimización: inducción hacia atrás y hacia adelante. El resultado principal es que, incluso con el mismo nivel de conocimiento, tanto agentes racionales como irracionales podrían coincidir en sus acciones. El segundo marco trabaja sobre la relación entre irracionalidad y restricción de información. Se utiliza el juego llamado “beauty contest” (Nagel 1995) como mecanismo para explicar dicha relación.
El sustrato neolítico en la cuenca de Vera (Almería)
Authors: Fernández-Miranda Manuel , Fernández-Posse M. Dolores , Gilman Antonio , Martín Concepción
Published: February 2012

Los análisis sobre la evolución económica y social en el sudeste de la Península Ibérica durante el Calco lítico y la Edad del Bronce han llamado la atención de los investigadores desde los trabajos llevados a cabo por Siret en la región a partir de los últimos años del siglo XIX. Su explicación presentaba algunos problemas, entre otros la indefinición de un sustrato cultural neolítico, lo que condujo a proponer hipótesis de carácter difusionista vinculadas a la aparición de la metalurgia en la zona. La identificación en la aldea de Cuartillas y otros yacimientos de la Cuenca de Vera (Almería) de una población neolítica emparentable con la de otras áreas de Andalucía oriental, permite replantear desde nuevas perspectivas los supuestos hasta ahora considerados.
Cambio cultural y contacto en la Prehistoria de la Europa mediterránea
Authors: Gilman Guillén Antonio
Published: February 2012

La importancia del comercio marítimo en épocas históricas ha servido como modelo para la interpretación de la prehistoria mediterránea. Para los normativistas que prevalecieron hasta recientemente, cualquier parecido particular entre conjuntos arqueológicos podría ser prueba de un comercio de ideas. Al restringir el término comercio a intercambios cuantificables, los procesualistas han sostenido que el desarrollo prehistórico de cada región del Mediterráneo era autónomo, un punto de vista quizás demasiado limitado. Los enfoques de tipo sistema mundial brindan la oportunidad de dar un peso procesual a los contactos entre las sociedades, pero sólo funcionan cuando hay una valoración adecuada de la estructura social y económica tanto del centro como de la periferia.
Dinámica trófica, estrategias de consumo y alteraciones óseas en la sabana africana: resumen de un proyecto de investigación etoarqueológico (1991-1993)
Authors: Domínguez-Rodrigo Manuel
Published: February 2012

Se exponen los principales resultados de un amplio proyecto de investigación etoarqueológica llevado a cabo en África oriental. Estos sirven de base para la interpretación del comportamiento de los predadores de sabana y estepa, con respecto al proceso de consumo de sus presas, creando al mismo tiempo un marco referencial de gran utilidad para la Tafonomía. El comportamiento de los carnívoros se explica en términos de su variabilidad contextual, debida a la modificación de la presión selectiva según la dinámica trófica. Por consiguiente, se discuten los principales patrones adaptativos de estos predadores y se pone especial énfasis en el papel jugado por la ecología en la conducta que exhibe cada uno de ellos. Las principales cuestiones tratadas son las estrategias iniciales de consumo, los agentes y contextos que generan acumulaciones óseas, el espectro cinegético de cada carnívoro y los patrones de alteración ósea. Como complemento innovador a estos temas, se presenta también el análisis espacial de dispersión de restos debido a la acción de los predadores en la desarticulación y consumo de carcasas.
Un taller ibérico de tratamiento de lino en el Coll del Moro de Gandesa (Tarragona)
Authors: Rafel i Fontanals Núria , Blasco i Arasanz Mònica , Sales i Carbonell Jordina
Published: February 2012

Se presentan los resultados de la excavación de un conjunto arquitectónico de la segunda mitad de siglo III a.C. compuesto por dos estancias que se comunican con una de las torres del recinto fortificado. En una de dichas estancias se han documentado dos depósitos impermeabilizados y estancos donde se procedía al enriado de la planta del lino para extraer la fibra.
Los petroglifos como forma de apropiación del espacio: algunos ejemplos gallegos
Authors: Bradley Richard , Criado Boado Felipe , Fábregas Valcarce Ramón
Published: February 2012

Se presentan los primeros resultados de un proyecto de investigación en curso de realización cuyo objetivo es estudiar los petroglifos gallegos desde la perspectiva de la Arqueología del Paisaje. Se prima el análisis de las condiciones de emplazamiento de los grabados y de su relación con la topografía circundante, sobre el estudio estilístico y artístico de los motivos. Se consideran tres zonas distintas, dos de ellas situadas en diferentes puntos litorales y otra interior. Las observaciones realizadas permiten reconocer una relación significativa de los petrofligos con zonas de paso o con áreas en las que existen buenas reservas de pasto. Sin embargo, las diferencias entre las tres zonas permiten observar diferentes situaciones de presión sobre los recursos y, en relación con ello, diferencias notables en la distribución y densidad del arte rupestre de cada zona.
Estudio palinológico de los sedimentos arqueológicos del yacimiento del Llanete de los Moros (Córdoba)
Authors: López García Pilar , López-Sáez José Antonio
Published: February 2012

Se presentan los resultados del análisis paleopalinológico llevado a cabo en el yacimiento arqueológico del Llanete de los Moros, con una cronología arqueológica, encuadrable en la Edad del Bronce, y que lo sitúa climáticamente en el Subboreal-Subatlántico. Se pone de manifiesto una amplia representación de especies nitrófilas así como una cobertura arbórea poco manifiesta. Se comenta la presencia de Vitis y Olea.
La política y el Congreso Arqueológico Mundial [-3]
Authors: Rao Nandini
Published: February 2012

El reconocimiento en Occidente de que cada disciplina está influida por su contexto socio-político llevó a la reivindicación de una arqueología reflexiva y a la formación en 1986, por los arqueólogos ”políticamente conscientes”, del Congreso Arqueológico Mundial (WAC). El WAC reconoce explícitamente el contexto sociopolítico de la práctica arqueológica y las responsabilidades políticas, sociales y académicas de la arqueología. El Congreso, que se celebra cada cuatro años, tuvo lugar en India en diciembre de 1994.
Los arqueólogos indios han negado durante mucho tiempo la influencia de los contextos socio-políticos sobre los investigadores. Pero ello no ha impedido que algunos de ellos hayan utilizado de forma incorrecta la evidencia arqueológica con objetivos políticos ulteriores y resultados catastróficos. En el Congreso no se permitió ninguna discusión sobre este tema de forma que, ocho años después de su creación, el WAC transigió y suprimió un debate abierto sobre un asunto vital.
Este artículo esboza la génesis del WAC y las razones por las cuales se constituyó, antes de analizar el contexto indio de la tercera reunión del Congreso. También examina la respuesta de los arqueólogos indios en el WAC en relación con la protesta contra tal abuso político de la arqueología y reclama una reflexión sobre si el WAC ha logrado su objetivo de llegar a ser una organización mundial significativa.
Enterramientos y diferenciacion social I. El registro funerario del yacimiento de la Edad del Bronce de Peñalosa (Baños de la Encina, Jaén)
Authors: Contreras Cortés Francisco , Cámara Serrano Juan Antonio , Lizcano Prestel Rafael , Pérez Bareas Cristóbal , Robledo Sanz Beatriz , Trancho Gallo Gonzalo
Published: February 2012

Se presentan en este artículo los resultados del análisis del registro funerario del yacimiento de la Edad del Bronce de Peñalosa (Baños de la Encina, Jaén) y su relación con la organización del espacio al interior del mismo poblado. Se presta especial atención a la situación de las tumbas bajo las viviendas, a los ajuares en ellas depositados y a las características antropológicas de los esqueletos, que se intentan relacionar con las diferencias documentadas entre las viviendas del poblado.
Cerámicas de importación mediterránea en un castro celtibérico
Authors: Cerdeño M. Luisa , Pérez de Inestrosa José Luis , Cabanes Emilio
Published: February 2012

En estas líneas se da noticia de la aparición de una urna de orejetas y otras cerámicas de importación mediterránea en el nivel inferior del castro de El Ceremeño y se valora la importancia que los contactos con la costa pudieron tener en los momentos de formación de la cultura celtibérica.
El disco de bronce y damasquinado en plata de Aguilar de Anguita (Guadalajara)
Authors: Barril Vicente Magdalena , Martínez Quirce Francisco J.
Published: February 2012

En este trabajo se estudia un disco o placa circular en bronce procedente de la necrópolis celtibérica de Aguilar de Anguita, expuesto en el Museo Arqueológico Nacional. Se intentan rastrear la dispersión y origen de este tipo de objetos en el interior de la Meseta. También se hace un análisis de su estructura decorativa, con el fin de precisar la importancia del objeto desde el punto de vista social e ideológico, tanto como bien de prestigio como integrante del ajuar en una tumba.