bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Загальна структура стратегії діджиталізації основного капіталу аграрних підприємств україни
Authors: Спаський І. Д.
Published: June 2024

Діджиталізація в сільському господарстві має величезне значення в сучасному світі та в Україні. Вона сприяє підвищенню ефективності та стійкості галузі, зменшенню втрат та впливає на загальний розвиток сільських територій. Віддалений моніторинг урожаю та кліматичних умов допомагає сільським господарствам адаптуватися до змін клімату та зменшує вразливість до природних катастроф. Використання цифрових маркетингових та економічних інструментів дозволяє сільським господарствам легше знаходити покупців для своєї продукції, укладати угоди та вести ефективний маркетинг. Діджиталізація може стати фактором, що прискорить розвиток інфраструктури та підвищить життєвий рівень населення в сільських районах, збільшивши доступність сервісів та робочих місць. Дослідження є актуальним, оскільки розвиток цифрових технологій в аграрному секторі України має значний потенціал для зміцнення її позицій на світовому ринку, підвищення економічної ефективності та сприяння сталому розвитку. Це дозволяє аграрним підприємствам відповідати глобальним викликам, пов'язаним зі зміною клімату, забезпеченням продовольчої безпеки та необхідністю захисту природних ресурсів.
Стратегічний менеджмент у стартапах: практики впровадження бізнес-стратегій для досягнення стійкого розвитку
Authors: Крайнік О. М. , Бобко Н. А.
Published: June 2024

Дана стаття присвячена аналізу стратегічного менеджменту в стартапах, зокрема практикам впровадження бізнес-стратегій для досягнення стійкого розвитку. Стратегічний менеджмент у стартапах є ключовим елементом для досягнення стійкого розвитку в конкурентному бізнес-середовищі. Ця стаття досліджує практики впровадження бізнес-стратегій в стартапах та їх вплив на стійкий розвиток. Досліджується роль стратегічного планування в успішних стартапах та вплив інновацій на їхній розвиток. Також порівнюються підходи до стратегічного менеджменту в стартапах та традиційних підприємствах. Результати дослідження вказують на те, що успішні стартапи активно використовують стратегічне планування та інновації для стабільного зростання та конкурентоспроможності. Порівнюючи підходи до стратегічного менеджменту, виявлено, що вони мають спільні і відмінні риси в залежності від специфіки організаційного середовища. Ця стаття дозволяє зрозуміти найбільш ефективні практики для стартапів у впровадженні стратегій для досягнення стійкого розвитку та успішного функціонування на ринку.
Сучасні ціннісні орієнтири аграрної освіти у контексті конкурентної стратегії відродження україни
Authors: Шабатура Т.
Published: June 2024

Вивчено сучасний стан, проблеми та перспективи розвитку аграрної науки та підготовки досвідчених спеціалістів – аграріїв. Українське сільське господарство має здатність реалізувати значний потенціал виключно за умови підготовки молоді з високим морально-етичним рівнем, яка поділяє світові цінності стійкого розвитку і турботи за навколишнє середовище, що має важливе значення для повноцінного входження до глобального продовольчого ринку. Обґрунтовано ціннісні орієнтири подальшого розвитку закладів аграрної освіти у рамках підготовки кваліфікованого контингенту до участі у стійких, екологічно орієнтованих, циркулярних і соціально відповідальних видів аграрного бізнесу. Результати дослідження можуть бути використані закладами освіти, які шукають нові підходи до управління та прагнуть підвищити конкурентоспроможність своїх інтелектуальних продуктів у сучасних умовах підвищених ризиків та переходу до концепції сталого розвитку. Практична значущість результатів дослідження полягає у виявленні тенденцій, пріоритетів і ціннісних орієнтирів, які є ключовими у підвищенні якості підготовки фахівців аграрного сектору, що сприятиме підвищенню ефективності національного агробізнесу та досягненню цілей сталого розвитку сільського господарства, забезпечуючи конкурентоспроможність на світовому агропродовольчому ринку.
Innovative Public Procurement Failure: A Case Analysis from Poland
Authors: Woźniak Monika
Published: June 2024

Objectives: The rising popularity of Innovation Public Procurement (IPP) raises questions about its effectiveness as a tool for transformative policies, including governance levels, coordination, and strategic development. The purpose of the article is to explore the failure of governance in a Polish IPP to present how IPP guidelines are implemented empirically.
Research Design & Methods: The research article presents conclusions from the case study of first large-scale trial of public procurement procedure with respect to an innovative partnership in Poland.
Findings: The case is a rarely analysed example of policy failure and shows that ignoring stakeholders’ needs, timeline constrains, and market capacity can result in policy failure. Programme history highlights that proper risk analysis and adaptation to the market context can prevent programme failure.
Implications/Recommendations: The article opens up a field for considering what steps are crucial in formulating IPP, especially in country with lower level of innovativeness. The analysis leads to the main conclusion that transformative policy frameworks using demand-pull tools need to be embedded in the market realities and capabilities of national innovation systems.
Contribution/Value Added: The article strives to fill a gap in the literature on implementing transformational innovation policies in peripheral countries, which are less frequently described. The other contributions refer to merging the DARPA’s approach and IPP.
Article classification: research article
Keywords: innovation policy, innovation public procurement, policy failure
JEL classification: O380
Influence of alloying parameters on the structure and properties of AK-6 aluminium alloy
Authors:   Institute of High Temperature Electrochemistry, Ural Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Filatov Aleksandr A.
Published: June 2024

This work is devoted to the study of the effect of zirconium addition and crystallization rate on the structure and properties of industrial aluminium alloys. Experimental alloying of the AK6 alloy was performed. The required amount of Al-Zr-10 alloy (10 wt. % Zr) was added at a temperature of 900 °C until the zirconium content in the target alloy reached 0.1; 0.3; 0.5 wt. %. According to the results of scanning electron microscopy and X-ray diffraction analysis, the main proportion of zirconium in the initial alloy was represented by intermetallic compounds of predominantly Al3Zr composition and sizes from 5 to 50 μm. Values of microhardness measured after direct alloying of high-purity aluminum with zirconium by the electrolysis of oxide-fluoride melts demonstrate that at a zirconium content of 0.4 wt. %, the microhardness of the alloy increases by 1.5 times and continues to grow as the zirconium content increases. Based on the results of structural analysis, it was found that the average grain size of the aluminium alloy decreased by 4–5 times even at a Zr content of 0.1 wt. %. When studying the properties of the obtained samples, it was found that the addition of zirconium to the AK6 alloy does not affect its hardness, in contrast to high-purity aluminium, which is presumably due to the more pronounced influence of other components and the absence of an additive effect of zirconium on the alloy hardness. Accelerated cooling of the alloy to 103 K/s without zirconium additives has a similar effect of grain reduction, and also increases the microhardness of the alloy by 10 HB according to Brinell. A study of the combined effect of zirconium addition and accelerated cooling shows the additive effect of grinding by more than 25 times, while individual grains do not exceed 5 microns in size. The absence of intermetallic compounds in the obtained samples of the AK6 alloy after modification with the Al-Zr alloy indicates that the phase composition of the initial Al-Zr alloy does not affect the properties of the target alloys.
A Nationwide Online Tracking System of pediatric ICU demand and capacity during a respiratory epidemic in Uruguay
Authors: Cosio Mariana , Monteverde-Fernandez Nicolas , Carvajal Cristóbal , Telechea Héctor , González-Dambrauskas Sebastián
Published: June 2024

Monitoring national capacity of pediatric intensive care (PICU) beds is important for resource allocation. We describe the development and application of an online tool for bed occupancy monitoring during the respiratory epidemic of 2023 in Uruguay. A 5-minute survey was sent out daily to each PICU designated staff utilizing an instant messaging application, throughout the 12-week of 2023 winter season. The survey gathered information on staffed bed capacity, occupancy rates, invasive mechanical ventilation (IMV) demand and number of children admitted for lower respiratory tract infections (LRTIs). Data was manually entered using the REDcap Software platform. A comparison between PICUs from the capital city Montevideo (MVD) and the inland region (INN) was performed. Participating PICUs had access to a daily dashboard with nationwide data. We collected data from 100% (n=20) of Uruguayan PICUs, 68% in MVD (2.72 PICU beds per-10,000 <18 years) and 32% in the INN (0.86 PICU beds per-10,000 <18 years). National average bed occupancy rate was 55.5%, without differences between MVD and INN. However, LRTI admissions and IMV incidence were notably higher among INN PICUs compared with MVD PICUs, 83.0% vs. 71% (P<0.01) and 19.9% vs. 14.7% (P<0.01) respectively. During one week occupancy exceeded 80% without differences between MVD and INN. The implementation of a nationwide PICU bed monitoring tool was possible. Although occupancy rates did not reach critical levels at a national grade, regional differences were found that merit further study to improve vital PICUs resource allocation.
FORMATION AND DISSOCIATION OF CO2 HYDRATES WITHIN A NATURAL BASALTIC-BASED POROUS MEDIUM FROM ICELANDIC MARGINS
Authors: Gambelli Alberto Maria , Rossi Federico , Gigliotti Giovanni
Published: June 2024

Carbon dioxide hydrates were formed and dissociated in a lab-scale apparatus, filled with demineralized water and
porous sediments. Two different porous media were tested; the first consists of glass beads, commonly used to reproduce marine environments during lab-scale hydrate formation experiments. Natural basaltic sand, typical of the Icelandic margins, was chosen as second sediment. The role played by the two sediments was analyzed during both the hydrate formation and dissociation processes and the results were compared with each other. In particular, the pressure-temperature values measured during the dissociation phase were compared with the phase boundary equilibrium conditions for pure carbon dioxide hydrates, carried out in the absence of any porous sediment, collected from the scientific literature. The presence of porous sand favored the preservation of hydrates during the dissociation phase; in detail, hydrates melted at pressures 1.1 bar higher (on average) in the presence of glass beads, and 1.0 bar higher with the basaltic sand. The formation was more abundant in the presence of glass beads: 0.227-0.232 mol of hydrates were produced, against 0.141-0.21 mol achieved when the basaltic sediment was used.
Physical model test study on strength characteristics of gravel pile composite foundation
Authors: Wang Jia-Hui , Jiang Ji-Wei , Sun Yi-Fei , Wang Bao-Tian , Han Shao-Yang , Zuo Jin-Yu , Li Wen-Wei , Tang Yang
Published: June 2024

In gravel pile composite foundation stability design, the shear strength of composite foundation is critically important. However, due to the size limitation of test equipment, it is difficult to obtain its shear strength in the field. This study designs a laboratory shear model test to obtain the shear strength of gravel pile composite foundation, where a total of four group tests were carried out, including two nature soils and two gravel pile area replacement ratios. The shear strength parameters obtained by the shear model tests are compared with the results of empirical formula methods such as the Chinese standard method (CSM) and Priebe method (PM) to verify the accuracy of these two methods. It is demonstrated that for the CSM, the empirical formula's results are smaller than the shear model test results when the pile–soil stress ratio b is 1. When the pile–soil stress ratio b is 1.5, the results are close to each other. For the PM, the empirical formula results are all larger than the shear model test results, and it is especially unsuitable for the mud soil.
Tissue Processing using Microwave Oven: A Boon for Histology Slide Preparation
Authors:   Assistant Professor, Department of Anatomy, Father Muller Medical College, Mangalore, Karnataka, India., Chandy Dane , D’Souza Prima Swetha ,   Assistant Professor, Department of Anatomy, K. S. Hegde Medical Academy, Mangalore, Karnataka, India., David Susie Jeyalyn ,   Assistant Professor, Department of Anatomy, Sree Mookambika Institute of Medical Sciences, Kulasekharam, Kanyakumari District, Tamilnadu, India.
Published: June 2024

Background: Tissue processing is an important step in histology laboratories. Routine tissue processing is time-consuming. Due to the same time factor, microwave tissue processing is now increasingly being used in many histology and pathology laboratories. Objective: To compare the time taken to process the tissues using the routine conventional and microwave methods. Methods: The study was conducted in the Histology laboratory. 100 slides (50 conventional method + 50 microwave method) were processed using both methods, sectioned, stained, and analyzed by an independent observer who was unaware of the processing method. Results: The study showed a significant decrease in processing time by the microwave method (p-value < .0001). Conclusion: The present study concluded that the time taken for dehydrating, clearing, and embedding the tissues in paraffin wax was found to be considerably lower than that taken for the conventional method of tissue processing. Chloroform was used here as a clearing agent, and it had desirable effects. KEYWORDS: Microwave tissue processing, Conventional tissue processing.
Histological Observations of the Developing Human Fetal Humerus at Different Trimesters of Pregnancy
Authors:   Professor, Department of Anatomy, Kasturba Medical College Manipal, MAHE, Manipal, Karnataka, India., LC Prasanna , V Managuli ,   Assistant Professor-Senior scale, Mechanical and Industrial Engineering, Manipal Institute of Technology, Manipal, MAHE, Manipal, Karnataka, India., KMR Bhat ,   Additional Professor, Department of Anatomy, Kasturba Medical College Manipal, MAHE, Manipal, Karnataka, India.
Published: June 2024

Background: Although femur length is the preferred method for fetal age assessment, the humerus is sometimes the right choice, especially in the second half of pregnancy. Fetal bone development significantly impacts adult bone quality and senescent bone disorders, including osteoporosis. Purpose of the study: The present study aimed to ascertain the histological changes in the human fetal humerus across the three trimesters. After the institutional ethical committee clearance and parent consent, the study was carried out on stillborn or medically terminated human fetuses from the 10th to the 32nd week of intrauterine life. Results: First trimester: The primary bone collar appeared with the primary ossification center, marked by more vascular invasion and a pool of mesenchymal cells. Trabeculations begin from the bony collar and insignificant periosteum. Second trimester: The changes showed longitudinal growth of periosteal bone towards the proximal and distal ends of the growing bone. Growth plate with distinguished zones and gradual fusion of epiphysis with growth plate were observed. Third trimester: Trabeculation number and thickness increase with calcification. Towards the third trimester, the marrow cavity with increased and prominent trabeculations is consistent. Conclusion: Understanding normal microstructural and cellular events chronologically is an ideal platform for future studies to develop cell-based or cell-targeted therapies for adult bone disorders, traumatic bone injuries, or bone engineering. KEYWORDS: Histology, Developing Bone, Humerus, Fetuses, Embryology.
Experimental Study on Engineering Properties of Recycled Olivine Aggregate Filled CF Reinforced Electrically Conductive Mortars
Authors: Dehghanpour Heydar , Doğan Fatih , Subaşı Serkan , Maraşlı Muhammed
Published: June 2024

Electrically conductive concretes produced for different purposes were introduced years ago and since then, intensive scientific research has been going on. Studies in the literature have generally been carried out on conventional concretes with electrical conductivity for floor applications. The current study investigates carbon fiber reinforced mortars filled with fine olivine aggregate. Fine aggregate filled mortars are generally produced for building facade applications. Within the scope of the study, the mechanical, electrical, dynamic and microstructural properties of cementitious mortars containing 0.5%, 0.75% and 1.0% carbon fiber and 100% recycled olivine aggregate were investigated. The purpose of performing dynamic resonance tests was to investigate the effect of carbon fiber on damping ratio. 28-Day compressive, flexural, dynamic resonance, ultrasonic pulse velocity (UPV), Leeb hardness and dry density tests of conductive mortar samples obtained from four different mixtures were performed. In addition, 2, 14, 28, 90 and 180 days electrical conductivity tests were carried out to determine their resistivity in different time intervals. The purpose of performing dynamic resonance tests was to investigate the effect of carbon fiber on damping ratio. While a significant positive effect of CF on electrical conductivity and damping ratio was observed, a negligible decrease in mechanical results was observed. Calcium silicate hydrate (C-S-H) structure formed by hydration using olivine filler in the cement mixture confirmed the binding formations.
An Approach for Modelling Accidental Eccentricity Effects in Symmetrical Frame Buildings Exhibiting Semi-Rigid Diaphragm Behavior
Authors: Sürmeli Melih
Published: June 2024

The accidental eccentricity effect is specified, in earthquake codes, to account for the possible uncertainties in the mass and stiffness distribution of the structural system and the effect of the torsional component of the earthquake ground motion on the building. Türkiye Building Earthquake Code (TBEC-2018) considers the additional eccentricity effect only for the cases where rigid diaphragm behavior is provided in the slabs. However, in buildings with A2 and A3 irregularities or flexible diaphragms including insufficient strength and stiffness, the in-plane deformations and stresses on diaphragms may change the behavior of buildings under earthquake loads.
In this study, a practical approach to be used in the equivalent earthquake load method was proposed to apply the accidental eccentricity effect on symmetrical frame buildings with semi-rigid diaphragms. The approach is based on distributing the total accidental torsion to the nodes as fictitious forces. Two numerical examples were presented. The first is a single-story precast industrial-type RC building, where the calculation steps of the procedure explained in detail. The building was modeled with both semi-rigid and rigid diaphragm assumptions, and a comparison of two modeling assumptions under accidental torsion was presented. Torsional irregularity factors obtained from building modeled by semi-rigid diaphragm assumption provided greater values with respect to those modeled by rigid diaphragm. This shows the significance of considering accidental eccentricity for semi-rigid diaphragms. The second numerical example, which is a RC concrete building, was used to validate the proposed methodology via finite element model (FEM) built-in algorithm. The obtained displacement demands by using the proposed methodology were very close to FEM results as a reference for the real solution. It is concluded from this study that the proposed methodology is reliable and can be used for modeling accidental eccentricity effects on symmetrical-plan buildings with semi-rigid diaphragms.
ATIVIDADE EDUCATIVA EM GRUPOS OPERATIVOS PARA INDIVÍDUOS COM DIABETES MELLITUS TIPO II NA ATENÇÃO PRIMÁRIA À SAÚDE
Authors: Fernandes Siqueira Abizag , Fernandes Rocha Ana Paula , Shizue Nishida Fernanda , Antunes Mateus Dias
Published: June 2024

Introdução: O Diabetes Mellitus (DM) é um grave problema de saúde pública e se destaca entre as doenças crônicas pela grande quantidade de mortes que causa. Neste contexto, a educação em saúde, por meio dos grupos operativos, pode ser considerada uma das formas que possibilitam diminuir as consequências e sequelas decorrentes dessa doença. Objetivo: Compreender a importância dos grupos operativos na Atenção Primária à Saúde (APS) para pacientes portadores de DM tipo II, bem como o papel APS nessa prática. Métodos: Trata de um estudo de revisão integrativa, a seleção dos estudos foi realizada nas bases de dados Scientific Eletronic Library Online (SCIELO), Biblioteca Virtual em Saúde (BVS), Manuais do Ministério da Saúde e busca no Google Acadêmico, a busca foi realizada no mês de agosto de 2021. Resultados: Após as buscas, 38 artigos foram elegíveis para análise. Os resultados mostram a implantação da educação em saúde como uma ferramenta que permite a construção de saberes, sendo considerada uma estratégia favorável no controle do DM. No âmbito da APS, as atividades em grupo impactam diretamente nos serviços, com envolvimento da equipe e paciente. Essas atividades proporcionam um vínculo de confiança e reflete diretamente no autocuidado e capacidade de promover mudanças nos hábitos de vida. Sendo assim, todas essas atividades propõem uma diminuição dos riscos para a saúde do portador de DM. Conclusão: Conclui-se que os grupos operativos a educação em saúde é fundamental para um atendimento de saúde integral e efetivo, proporcionando ganhos e melhor qualidade de vida para a saúde do portador de DM.
Fluorescence-activated nuclei sorting (FANS) for single-cell Whole Genome Sequencing (scWGS) v1
Authors: Kalef-Ezra Ester
Published: June 2024

This protocol describes the isolation steps of nuclei from human post-mortem brain samples, immunofluorescence, and nuclei sorting (FANS) for low coverage (<1x) single-cell Whole Genome Sequencing (scWGS) to detect mega-base somatic Copy Number Variations (CNVs). We have used this protocol to isolate nuclei from the frontal cortex, cingulate cortex, and substantia nigra tissues. However, it can be adapted for nuclei from different body areas, cell culture materials, and/or samples from other species.
Nuclei isolation, immunostaining, and Fluorescence-activated nuclei sorting (FANS) for Smart-Seq2 v1
Authors: Kalef-Ezra Ester
Published: June 2024

This protocol describes the steps for extracting nuclei from human postmortem brain samples, immunofluorescence, and nuclei sorting (FANS) for single-nucleus RNA-seq using the Smart-Seq2 method. We have used it to isolate nuclei from human brain samples (such as the cingulate cortex), but it can be adapted for nuclei from different body areas, cell culture materials, and/or different species.
Preparation of single cell suspensions from human intestinal biopsies for single cell genomics applications v2
Authors: RZ Zhou Ran , Basu Oni
Published: June 2024

The protocol is adapted from Fujii's and Smillies's reports for single cell transcriptome analysis from human intestines. It provides details on acquirement of single cell suspension from epithelium and lamina propria. This methods is modified to generate appropriate meterials from patient's intestinal biopsies for sinlge-cell transcriptome and genomic applications.
Integrated air quality index for Colombian cities
Authors: Jaramillo Mauricio , González Daniel Enrique , Núñez María Eugenia , Portilla Gloria
Published: June 2024

In this work an integrated index is proposed using fuzzy logic which incorporates information on the two criteria pollutants of highest incidence on human health in Colombian cities, ozone (O3 ) and particulate matter with diameter less than 10 µm (PM10). The index is calculated for current Colombian air quality standards, although its adaptation to others is straightforward.
Activity of oxidative processes and the state of the redox regulating system in tumor tissue in skin cancer
Authors: Goroshinskaya I. A. , Frantsiyants E. M. , Larina N. I. , Przhedetskiy Yu. V. , Kaplieva I. V. , Nemashkalova L. A. , Bandovkina V. A. , Pozdnyakova V. V. , Przhedetskaya V. Yu.
Published: June 2024

Purpose of the study. To study the intensity of lipid peroxidation (LPO) and the activity of antioxidant protection components in tumor tissues, peritumoral zone and conditionally healthy skin tissue in basal cell carcinoma, depending on the type of tumor growth, gender of patients, and the presence of concomitant diseases.

Materials and methods. Tissues from 34 patients with basal cell carcinoma (BCC) were studied, including 17 women (10 with superficial tumor growth and 7 with solid growth) and 17 men (5 and 12 patients, respectively). We used skin flaps obtained during operations on 12 men and 10 women without malignant pathology (“norm”) as a comparison material. The content of malondialdehyde (MDA), diene conjugates (DC), superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity and total peroxidase activity (TPA) were determined. Statistical processing of the results was carried out using the Statistica 10.0 program.

Results. In women, the level of MDA was increased in all tissues: with superficial growth of BCC by 2.1–2.5 times (p ≤ 0.05), with solid growth by 1.6–2.1 times (p < 0.05) relative to the “norm”. In men with superficial growth, an MDA increase by 3.2 and 3.1 times in tumor tissue and conditionally healthy tissue was observed (p < 0.02), and no increase in MDA in the tumor was detected in 11 of 12 patients with solid growth. An increase in DC (on average 2–5 times) in BCC patients with concomitant hypertension and diabetes mellitus was observed mainly in women. Activation of SOD in tumor tissue, to a greater extent in men (2.4 times with superficial growth and 1.7 times with solid growth, p < 0.05 relative to conditionally healthy tissue), can be considered as a mechanism of antiradical protection of the tumor.

Conclusions. An increase in the level of MDA in BCC was observed in tumor and nearby tissues in women with both types of growth, in men only with superficial growth. Analysis of individual characteristics of LPO indicators in patients with skin carcinoma revealed a dependence of the severity of the increase in MDA and especially DC on the presence of concomitant pathology (hypertension, diabetes mellitus).
Predictive model for determining the indications for automated 3D ultrasound for screening patients at low risk of developing breast tumors
Authors: Garanina A. E. , Kholin A. V.
Published: June 2024

Automatic ultrasound examination of the breast (3D ultrasound) has become an important tool in the diagnosis of breast cancer. It is believed that 3D ultrasound has high reproducibility, low dependence on the operator, less time spent on obtaining images, and automatic three-dimensional reconstruction of the entire breast.

Purpose of the study. To develop indications for 3D ultrasound based on predictive screening models for patients with a low risk of developing breast tumors based on the identification of the most significant risk factors.

Patients and methods. A retro-prospective clinical study has been conducted from February 2019 to May 2023. A total of 2794 patients were included in the study. All patients underwent clinical examination, palpation, collected information on socio-demographic data and potential risk factors for breast cancer, and 2D ultrasound was also performed. The group under the age of 40 included 1,511 patients, of whom 628 underwent 3D ultrasound. The sample of 40 years and older included 1,283 patients, 655 of whom underwent 3D ultrasound. Mammography was performed in patients aged 40 and older. Quantitative and qualitative indicators of anamnesis and clinical examination, as well as MMH results in patients over 40 years old, were recorded. Based on these data, a logistic regression was compiled, followed by the selection of the most significant model by cutting off insignificant factors according to the p-level of significance and presenting the model as a ROC curve.

Results. The most significant risk factors for the detection of breast cancer were identified. Based on their screening with 3D ultrasound in a group up to 40 years of age, it can be used in 95.96 % and is not indicated in 4.04 %. The presented model in the group up to 40 years worked correctly in 99.21 %. While screening with 3D ultrasound in a group of 40 years and older in 84.26 % is appropriate and not indicated in 15.74 %. The presented model worked correctly in 97.12 %.

Conclusion. The study identified important pre-diagnostic factors for the choice of a diagnostic algorithm for breast examination in women of different age groups, and determined the indications for 3D ultrasound. The developed algorithms will help optimize screening and referral for additional examinations, which is of practical importance for improving diagnostics and optimizing healthcare resources.
The role of immunotherapy in the treatment of skin melanoma: a contemporary perspective
Authors: Masaeva P. S.
Published: June 2024

Purpose of the study. To evaluate the role and possibilities of various types of immunotherapy in the treatment of skin melanoma, as well as the prospects for its use in clinical practice.

Materials and methods. The literature was looked up in the PubMed database. Publication date limit was set from 2018 to 2023. The following keywords were used as search queries: "Melanoma", "Melanoma and immunotherapy", "Treatment of Metastatic Melanoma", "Immunological Factors". Full-text versions were selected. Articles that were based on the subjective opinion of the authors were excluded from the study. For each research found, the following parameters were recorded: treatment method, number of patients, follow-up period, time of relapse-free course, survival rate. No meta-analysis of the data was performed due to the high heterogeneity of the studies.

Results. A sufficiently high efficiency of adjuvant therapy with inhibitors of immune response control points in the treatment of BRAF-negative patients has been noted. For this reason, the drug ipilimumab, which appeared among the first, demonstrated its effectiveness. The drug nivolumab gave, according to one of the studies, a 5‑year overall survival rate of 35 %. The use of pembrolizumab was associated with a 5‑year overall survival rate of 41 %. In the 2015 meta-analysis It has been demonstrated that the use of nivolumab, as well as pembrolizumab, provides the best overall survival, and therefore can be included in first-line therapy. The combination of these drugs makes it possible to achieve a good response to therapy in patients with BRAF-positive status (5‑year overall survival rate of 52 %).

Conclusion. Melanoma immunotherapy with immune response checkpoint inhibitors is currently the most effective treatment method, especially in cases where it complements surgical resection of the tumor. The most commonly used drugs are nivolumab and ipilimumab, which work more effectively when combined. Thus, the 5‑year progression-free survival rate is 36 %, the overall survival rate is 52 %. Resistance to immunotherapy is an important problem of this type of treatment, the solution of which will help to improve the outcomes of control over the local cancer process and improve the response to therapy. It is possible to find a solution to this problem due to the fundamental study of the molecular biology of the tumor in terms of modeling tumor growth and tumor "escape" mechanisms.
RIVALRY BETWEEN UKRAINE AND RUSSIA FOR INTERNATIONAL SUPPORT OF THE PERSIAN GULF STATES
Authors:   Taras Shevchenko National University of Kyiv, Kyiv, Ukraine, Cherkas B. , Novytska N. ,   Taras Shevchenko National University of Kyiv, Kyiv, Ukraine
Published: June 2024

The general foreign policy support of Ukraine by the vast majority of the world's states and unprecedented sanctions against the Russian Federation force the Kremlin to seek allies among the countries of the global South. The article analyzes how Ukraine and Russia are competing for international support in the Middle East, namely among the Arab oil monarchies of the Persian Gulf. The main directions of cooperation with the states of the region after the large-scale aggression of the Russian Federation against Ukraine have been determined. The key factors in the development of the position of the Persian Gulf countries regarding the response to Russia's war against Ukraine have been studied.
Criminalistic Research of “Mul-t-lock” System Locks, Unlocked by Using Self-Pression Keys and “Lockpick”
Authors: Korchik D. A.
Published: June 2024

In this article, the problem of studying cylinder pin mechanisms for a lock of the “Mul-T-Lock” type, unlocked using the self-compression method, is considered. The specified method (method) is the most difficult to diagnose of the methods of criminal unlocking of this group of locks. As a result of the conducted research with the specified group of locks, the possibility of unlocking them using this method was practically confirmed
Infrared spectroscopy for evaluating the effect of electron beam sterilization on polyethylene terephthalate medical tubes
Authors:   Ural Federal University, Sharapova V. А. , Shveykin V. P. ,   Institute of Engineering Science, Ural Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Margamov I. G. ,   Institute of Engineering Science, Ural Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Ivanov V. Yu. ,   Ural Federal University, Ryabukhin O. V. ,   Ural Federal University
Published: June 2024

The paper studies the effect of electron beam sterilization on the polyethylene terephthalate parts of blood sampling systems. The structural state and crystallinity degree of polyethylene terephthalate are estimated from the analysis of infrared spectra. Relative intensities are calculated by the reference band (overall intensity level) at 1410 cm−1. The Gaussian intensities of the absorption bands for trans and gauche conformations with respect to reference band at 1505 cm–1 are calculated. The spectral coefficients D973/D795, D848/D795, D1042/D795, D895/D795, D1098/D1370, and D1255/D1370 are determined. The dose of up to 25 kGy has no significant effect on either the ratio of integral intensities or the ratio of trans and gauche conformations.
Comparative tests of diesel injectors with current and upgraded nozzles
Authors: Bolotokov Anzor L. , Troyanovskaya Irina P. , Voinash Sergey A.
Published: June 2024

BACKGROUND: More than 60% of agricultural tractor failures are due to diesel engine failure. Half of diesel engine failures relate to the fuel supply system, which is mainly dependent on the service life of diesel injectors’ nozzles.
AIM: Increasing the durability of the nozzle by means of upgrading the nozzle needle.
METHODS: To increase the working life of the diesel injector nozzle, a new technical solution, the idea of which is applying a screw channel to the bearing surface of the needle, was proposed. The presence of the screw channel leads to axisymmetric pressure on the needle, which gives it increased stability and prevents the possibility of skewing and freezing. The Russian patent has been received for this invention. To confirm the expected effect, comparative laboratory tests were carried out with current and upgraded nozzle design. To carry out accelerated tests, the “dusty” fuel, obtained by adding quartz sand abrasive, was used. During the tests, the following were assessed: atomization quality, sealing cone tightness, hydraulic density, needle stroke and effective flow area. The assessment of wear of the mating surfaces of the nozzle depends on the value of the hydraulic density.
RESULTS: As a result of the experiment, it was found that the limiting value of hydraulic density for the current injectors occurs after 2500 operating hours and is characterized by a violation of tightness. For the upgraded injectors, the hydraulic density limit occurs after 4300 operating hours.
CONCLUSION: Applying a screw channel on the bearing surface of the needle helps to increase the service life of the diesel injector by 23%.
Delivery and organ-preserving surgery in a woman with high-risk uterine myoma
Authors: Yashchuk Alfiya G. , Iskandarova Aliya R. , Gurova Zuhra G. , Musin Ilnur I. , Klyavlina Maria Y.
Published: June 2024

This study presents a clinical case from the practice of the State Budgetary Healthcare Institution of the Republic of Bashkortostan “CCPC” in Ufa regarding an organ-preserving operation in a woman with high-risk uterine myoma of isthmus localization that shifted to the posterior wall of the uterus. In May 2023, at 39 weeks of gestation, patient T. was scheduled for a planned operative delivery by cesarean section, followed by conservative myomectomy (removal of uterine fibroids). The indication for surgery was uterine fibroids of isthmus localization with transition to the posterior wall of the uterus, which made vaginal delivery impossible. In this patient, uterine fibroids were discovered during pregnancy. Ultrasonography and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) were performed. At routine ultrasound screenings, uterine fibroids of isthmus localization measuring 123×99×112 mm without malnutrition of the node were noted. MRI confirmed the diagnosis of large uterine fibroids. A transverse suprapubic laparotomy was performed. The first stage of the combined operation was a cesarean section in the lower segment, and a live full-term boy (weight, 3,480 g; height, 53 cm; Apgar score, 7–8–9 points) was extracted. During the revision of the pelvic organs, a myomatous node was found in the isthmus with a transition to the posterior wall of the uterus, measuring 100×120 mm, without signs of necrosis. Conservative myomectomy without penetration into the uterine cavity was performed. The bed was sutured using separate sutures, and hemostasis was achieved. The myomatous node weighed 570 g. In this clinical case, a favorable full-term pregnancy was possible despite the high-risk uterine fibroids, large sizes, and atypical localization. Combined organ-preserving operations are currently being carried out, which enable a woman to preserve the organ and further realize her reproductive potential.
Metroplasty in the delivery of pregnant women with a history of two cesarean sections
Authors: Tarasova Kristina V. , Musin Ilnur I. , Yaschuk Alfiya G. , Berg Edvard A. , Nasyrova Svetlana F. , Gareev Evgenii M.
Published: June 2024

AIM: This study aimed to evaluate the effectiveness of metroplasty at the stage of abdominal delivery in women who had undergone two cesarean section operations.
MATERIALS AND METHODS: Between 2020 and 2022, 150 pregnant women were examined. The patients were divided into three groups: the first group included pregnant women who had undergone one cesarean section, and the second group included those with two operations. In these groups, metroplasty was performed at the stage of delivery. The third group (control group) included pregnant women with a history of two cesarean sections who underwent surgical delivery without excision of the scar tissue in the lower segment. Metroplasty was performed before fetal retrieval with the whole fetal bladder in accordance with the patent “method of metroplasty during operative delivery in women with two or more cesarean sections.” To assess the dynamics of changes in scar thickness, all women underwent ultrasound examination 2 h, 3 days, and 6 months after delivery.
RESULTS: Resection of the scar area on the uterus during repeated cesarean sections improved the residual thickness of the myometrium, which was determined by ultrasound examination 6 months after the operation.
CONCLUSION: The proposed technique allows the formation of a functionally sound scar on the uterus after two cesarean sections.
Influence of occupational factors on the development of gynecologic pathology in flight attendants in civil aviation
Authors: Nasyrova Nailya I. , Yurovskiy Artem Y. , Overko Aleksei V. , Ozolinya Lyudmila A.
Published: June 2024

The literature review reflects the main possible gynecological pathologies and their causes in female flight attendants. These diseases are serious problems for all women; however, aviation professionals are at a higher risk. The article examined various factors that can contribute to the development of not only gynecological diseases but also breast cancer and venous thrombosis in female flight attendants. Risk factors include long-term exposure to ionizing radiation, static stress, jet lag, and chronic stress. The review also analyzed existing studies related to the effect of occupational exposure on the health of flight attendants and suggested possible measures for the prevention and treatment of emerging pathologies, which can serve as a basis for the development of effective programs to preserve the health of female flight attendants.
An original method of surgical correction of enterocele using a titanium implant with transobturator-sacrospinal fixation
Authors: Ishchenko Anatoliy I. , Kazantsev Anton A. , Ishchenko Anton A. , Khokhlova Irina D. , Dzhibladze Tea A. , Gorbenko Oksana Y. , Chushkov Yury V. , Gadaeva Irina V. , Komarova Anna D. , Ozdemir Adelina G. , Moskvicheva Anastasiia P.
Published: June 2024

AIM: This study aimed to optimize the outcomes of surgical treatment of enterocele using the original model of “titanium silk” mesh implants with their transobturator-sacrospinal fixation.
MATERIALS AND METHODS: A comprehensive clinical examination and surgical treatment of 22 patients aged 53–68 years with enterocele who had undergone surgical interventions for various forms of POP, were conducted. All patients underwent surgery using the surgical technique developed for enterocele correction using an original “titanium silk” mesh implant model with transobturator-sacrospinal fastening. Outpatient monitoring of patients in the early and delayed postoperative periods was carried out after 1, 6, 12, and 24 months.
RESULTS: During dynamic follow-up, patients were satisfied with the results of the surgical treatment, POP symptoms were stable, and no signs of relapse and mesh-associated complications were observed.
CONCLUSION: The study confirmed the effectiveness and safety of a new surgical technique for enterocele correction using an original model of a mesh implant “titanium silk” with transobturator-sacrospinal fixation in patients with enterocele who had undergone surgery in the past for various forms of POP. However, further research in this direction is needed.
Ultrasound examination in the antenatal diagnosis of placenta accreta spectrum
Authors: Efimova Viktoriya A. , Murashko Andrei V.
Published: June 2024

The rise in cesarean section rates worldwide has greatly increased the rates of placenta accreta spectrum. Accurate diagnostics of placenta accreta spectrum before delivery is still difficult, as one-half to two-thirds of placenta accreta spectrum cases remain undiagnosed until delivery. Local and foreign studies reported the diagnostic accuracy of ultrasonography (US) as the most commonly used method for placenta accreta spectrum imaging because of its inexpensiveness, noninvasiveness, and swiftness. This review highlighted the possibilities of prenatal US diagnosis of placenta accreta spectrum. Diagnostic accuracy may be reduced by the localization of the placenta in the posterior wall and a higher body mass index. US and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) are highly specific and useful in diagnosing or ruling out placenta accreta spectrum. Unlike MRI, the accuracy of US depends on the qualification; therefore, single-center studies often overestimate the accuracy of US. More studies of the diagnostic methods for placenta accreta spectrum are needed for the selection of logical obstetric techniques for managing pregnant women with this pathology.
Role of epilepsy in women’s reproductive function
Authors: Orchinskaya Anastasia V. , Degtereva Kristina V. , Zotova Svetlana A. , Aminov Niyaz M. , Korotkova Il’seyar F. , Vagapova Azaliya Z. , Zavidova Alina S. , Poplavskaya Yana S. , Usova Anastasia V. , Aleksandrova Vladlena V. , Zhukova Ekaterina P. , Aslanyan Asya A. , Muradova Lale M.
Published: June 2024

According to the World Health Organization, epilepsy is one of the most common neurological diseases worldwide, affecting approximately 50 million people. In 2020, the overall prevalence of epilepsy in the Russian Federation was 2.49 patients per 1,000 population, and 366,134 patients with epilepsy were registered in Russia. Approximately 40% of patients with epilepsy are women of reproductive age. The course of epilepsy in women of reproductive age has its characteristics, which are associated with daily and monthly cyclic rhythms. Epilepsy has various physiological consequences owing to the use of antiepileptic pharmaceutical therapy. This review aimed to summarize up-to-date information on the effect of epilepsy on women’s reproductive health. Electronic databases of PubMed, eLibrary, and Google Scholar were searched for relevant publications. The following keywords and their combinations were included in the search strategy: “epilepsy”, “reproductive health”, “sex hormones”, “pregnancy”, “menstrual cycle”, “fetal”, “neonatal”, “epilepsy”, “reproductive health”, “sex hormones”, “pregnancy”, “menstrual cycle”, “fetal”, and “neonatal”. The search was conducted among studies published before December 2023. Women are particularly concerned about epilepsy throughout their reproductive years. Infertility rates increased in people experiencing psychological stress and impaired physiological processes that support reproductive health. Thus, doctors must examine the physiological effects of antiepileptic and anticonvulsant drugs. The main goal of therapy is to provide women with epilepsy with a seizure-free life, excellent overall well-being, and improved health. The current plan is achievable if the practitioner is familiar with the sexual effects of epilepsy at the molecular level. However, modern treatment methods cannot be available to every woman because of limited resources.
Analgesic activity of new ligands of the NMDA receptor complex
Authors: Yakovleva Ekaterina E. , Kamalova Mekhriniso T. , Brusina Mariia A. , Bychkov Evgenii R. , Piotrovskiy Levon B. , Shabanov Petr D.
Published: June 2024

BACKGROUND: The activation of spinal cord NMDA receptors is a key factor in the pathogenesis of acute and chronic pain. Therefore, the use of existing NMDA antagonists in analgesic schemes and the development of new compounds targeting the NMDA receptor complex are gaining attention. New ligands of the glutamate NMDA receptor complex are derivatives of imidazole-4,5-dicarboxylic acid. The conformational rigidity of the molecules of imidazole-4,5-dicarboxylic acid derivatives allows for increased selectivity of interaction and reduced side effects.
AIM: This study aimed to investigate the analgesic effect of new ligands of the glutamate NMDA receptor complex, which are derivatives of imidazole-4,5-dicarboxylic acid, in rats using the tail-flick test and the formalin test.
MATERIALS AND METHODS: The analgesic activity of the compounds was examined in a model of acute somatic (thermal) pain in the tail-flick test and model of somatic pain induced by algogens in the formalin test. The tested compounds (IEM-303 and IEM-2044) were administered intraperitoneally at doses of 5, 10, 15, and 20 mg/kg. Мetamizole was used as the comparison drug.
RESULTS: The experiments demonstrated a significant dose-dependent analgesic effect of the tested compounds on the experimental models of acute pain at doses of 5–20 mg/kg. The tail-flick latency increased by 1.4–1.7 times in the IEM-2044 and IEM-303 groups compared with the value in the control group.
CONCLUSIONS: The analgesic activity of the tested compounds at 10–20 mg/kg doses was comparable to that of metamizole, indicating the prospect of developing these agents and further searching for effective and safe analgesics in this pharmacological class.