bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
An Investigation into the Incidence of Re‐infection of Scarlet Fever Patients attended in common Wards
Authors: BIE C. H. , GAUSTAD V.
Published: January 2008

The incidence of re‐infection in scarlet fever patients has been examined in a material of 35 patients. Re‐infection occurred rarely—a total of two definite and three indefinite cases. All cases occurred in the same room in which nineteen children were accommodated during the period of examination. The author discusses the possible causes of the low incidence of re‐infection. Four of the re‐infected patients had complications.
Infection with Lamblia Intestinalis in Children: its Clinical Significance and Treatment
Authors: BÖE JOHS. , RINVIK ROALD
Published: January 2008

The examination of 402 children ranging between the ages of 1 and 12 years revealed that there was presence of infection with Lamblia intestinalis in 31 of these—7.7 per cent—a frequency of infection which is in full agreement with the findings of a previous investigation carried out in Norway. On the basis of a careful comparative study of the laboratory and clinical findings, the authors have attempted to throw some light on the pathogenic character of the Lamblia.

22 of the 31 Lamblia‐infected cases were subjected to a careful clinical examination. 13 of these had come to the hospital on account of symptoms of the alimentary tract. 16 of the 22 instances gave a history of diarrhea, which had proved resistant to routine treatment and which in some cases had been persisting for years (in 9 cases for more than 1 year and in 6 of these for more than 4 years). The routine clinical examination, the roentgen examination of the alimentary tract, examination of the stomach as well as stool tests and blood counts did not reveal anything specially characteristic with respect to these patients. The majority of the cases were treated with acranil, some of them with the malaria drug atebrine, and in the course of 2–3 days the Lamblia had completely disappeared from the stools and was not demonstrable at control examinations 4 to 6 months later. At a renewed control examination 6 to 12 months after treatment, 4 cases gave fresh evidence of the presence of Lamblia in their stools. Most likely a fresh infection had occurred in these cases.

The clinical findings and the results of the treatment furnished evidence that there was definite improvement in 5 of the 12 cases which manifested symptoms referable to an infection with Lamblia, and of these, 2 gave proofs of complete cure. In these five cases Lamblia‐infection seemed to have been the definite underlying cause of the symptoms manifested.

Considering the relative frequency of the Lamblia‐infection, it results from these findings that the group of infected individuals justifying treatment is by no means insignificative. Patients manifesting indefinite symptoms from the alimentary tract should be examined for the presence of Lamblia intestinalis, especially if they give a history of diarrhea of long duration.

The drugs administered in the course of this investigation appear to have a specific effect and did not prove toxic.
Studies on the dry Substance, Fat, Nitrogen, Ash and Calcium Contents of the Feces in normal Breast‐Fed and Bottle‐Fed Children.
Authors: NIELSEN GUNNAR
Published: January 2008

A series of analyses of normal stools from healthy breastfed and bottle‐fed infants gave the result that the total dry substance content of the feces was the same in the two groups, whereas the total fat content of the dry feces was respectively 20.7% and 36.7%. The latter finding was rather surprising, as recent investigations reported from America and Denmark have indicated that the total fat output was the same in breast‐fed and bottle‐fed infants. It was very interesting to see that the two groups of children presented an unquestionable difference as to the splitting of fat: In the breast‐fed infants fat was excreted chiefly in the form of free fatty acids and neutral fat, in a considerably lesser degree as soap, whereas in the bottle‐fed infants the soap fraction in the dry feces on an average amounted to 78% of the total fat.

The values for ash and calcium contents of the feces for the breast‐fed infants were respectively 8.94% and 1.86%, for the bottle‐fed 23.45% and 9.50%.
Contribution to the Literature on Thermo‐regulation. With special reference to two infants with deformity of the brain.
Authors: URWITZ S.
Published: January 2008

A report is made on two infants with hydrocephalus in whom the temperature‐regulating capacity was suspended. In one of them, gangrene in the tips of the toes developed after a warm foot‐bath. When no external heat was supplied this infant assumed a temperature of 31° C. and at the same time increased noticeably in weight. In the other infant, which received a constant supply of extra warmth, the temperature ranged between 35° and 39° C. without any signs of infection appearing. In both instances postmortem examination revealed the presence of meningo‐encephalitis embracing, among other parts, the midbrain.
Non‐traumatic subarachnoid Hemorrhages in Children beyond the Neo‐Natal Age.
Authors: BRANDT. SVEN
Published: January 2008

The author points out that subarachnoid hemorrhages are considerably rarer in children than in adults. He has collected 58 cases from the literature, and adds to these a case observed by himself. Besides, there are in the literature reported a little over 30 cases of subarachnoid hemorrhage due to rupture of an intracranial aneurysm. The disease is seen in children of all ages, oftenest towards the age of puberty, though in about one‐third of cases in children under 4 years old. He describes the symptoms and emphasises that in the case of children who suddenly become unconscious examination of the spinal fluid should always be done. The prognosis cannot be given until the disease has lasted some days. About 60 per cent recover. Not a few of these (in his material 8 of 29) get recurrences; follow‐up examinations in adult cases but not made among children seem to show that also the possibility of more or less lasting after‐effects must be counted with in some cases.

The cause of the hemorrhage can be demonstrated with more or less certainty in about 50 per cent of the cases. The author calls particular attention to the fact that K‐avitaminosis was the indubitable cause in 2 cases of infants, 3…4 months old. In the remaining 50 per cent, the cause was probably rupture of an aneurysm; whereas diapedesic hemorrhage on angioneurotic basis can hardly, … except perhaps in a couple of cases, … be thought in children to be as important an etiologic factor as several authors believe it to be in adults.

The treatment consists in regulation of the pressure in the subarachnoid space by means of repeated evacuations of spinal fluid. In special cases blood transfusion, vitamin‐K, antiluetic treatment and chemotherapeutic remedies will be the causal treatment. So far as possible, the etiologic diagnosis should therefore always be established.
Haemosiderosis pulmonum
Authors: HANSSEN PER
Published: January 2008

A case of haemosiderosis pulmonum is recorded in a girl who was 6 ½ years old when the disease began and 10 ½ years old when she died. The diagnosis, made during life, depended on the signs: An intermittent course of the disease, sideropenic and haemolytic anaemia, numerous haemoptyses, miliary infiltrations of the lungs and «heart failure cells» in a section of the blood‐stained sputum. There was no sign of heart disease. No post‐mortem examination.
Über die Bluttransfusionen mit frischem und konser‐viertem Blut im Säuglingsalter
Authors: HALLMAN N.
Published: January 2008

Es ist die Stickstoffausscheidung nach der Infusion von irischem und konserviertem Zitratblut bei Sauglingen untersucht worden.

Das frische Blut und das frische Zitratblut rufen in der Stickstoffausscheidung einen kleinen Anstieg im Vergleich zur Zeit vor der Blutiibertragung hervor. Von dem Stickstoff des infu‐dierten Blutes werden jedoch 55,4 101,0 % retiniert. Von den Versuehsserien sind 2 mit frischem Blut durchgefuhrt worden und 3 mit frischem Zitratblut.

Von dem 5 14 Tage lang konservierten Zitratblut warden 39.6—16 % retiniert. Der grösste Teil des Stickstoffs wird im Harn ausgeschieden. 3 Fälle.

Bei 2 Fällen trat in den Tagen nach der mit konserviertem Zitratblut dürehgefuhrten Blutübertragung plötzlicher Durch‐fall ein. Bei dem einen nahm die Stickstoffausscheidung im Vergleich zu den oben erwahnten Versuchen überhaupt nicht zu, und bei dem anderen schien trotz der Diarrhöe sogar noch der mit dem Blut zugeführte Stickstoff retiniert zu werden. Dieser Umstand wird durch den erhohten Stickstoffbedarf im Organis‐mus erklärt.
Pubertas Praecox
Authors: CHRISTENSEN J. FLAMAND
Published: January 2008

Report of a case of feminine pubertas praecox: at the age of 7 months the child started growth of the breasts and pubes, and ever since she has menstruated regularly. When she was 3 1/i year old, she measured 108 cm, and her bone development was equivalent to that of a 10 year‐old child. She looks like a small girl at puberty. After a discussion of the different types of feminine pubertas praecox, it is assumed that the child belongs to the so‐called constitutional type, though the presence of anatomical changes of probably benign nature in the hypothalamus cannot be precluded.
Renal Thrombosis with Infarction in the Newborn. Two Different Forms.
Authors: SANDBLOM PH.
Published: January 2008

A previously healthy female infant which has had a difficult forceps delivery is on the fifth day of life taken ill with shock, abdominal distension, a mass at the site of the right kidney, and macroscopic hematuria. Nephrectomy is carried out, on vital indication and on the suspicion of hemorrhage from a right‐sided renal tumor. A total renal infarction is found, as well as a thrombus, reaching from the renal vein up into vena. cava. The patient made a rapid recovery.
A Case of Congenital Choledochus Cyst.
Authors: URWITZ S.
Published: January 2008

A report is made on a Case of choledochus cyst. After injection of a contrast medium directly into the cyst a new type. of roentgenogram pathognomonic for this condition was obtained. Owing to its Bize, the cyst could be punctured without undue risk and a roentgenogram was obtained showing the gall‐bladder as an appendix to the cyst. Such an intervention ought to make it possible, in other cases also, to diagnose the condition at an early stage and submit the patient to operation in time.
The Initial Loss in Weight of Prematurely Born Infants and their Weight During the First Two Years of life
Authors: MÖLLER KJELL L.
Published: January 2008

The initial loss in weight in 298 infants with a birth weight of 1500–2499 g was 8.4 per cent. The loss in weight was not connected with the birth weight but with the degree of praematurity.

The increase in weight during the first two years of carefully supervised praemature children was very satisfactory. Infants fed on unnatural food or with a high initial loss in weight were not inferior to the others.
Subcutaneous Administration of Amino Acids
Authors: URWITZ S.
Published: January 2008

When used subcutaneously, aminosol‐glucose is an innocuous parenteral feeding, provided that the ampoule, once broken, is not used a second time. The preparation can very well replace the Ringer solution and glucose, and in consequence a protein thereapy can be realised even when oral feeding is found impossible or made difficult, or when injections in veins, bone marrow and abdomen have to be spared for other purposes. We have found that the suitable quantity is 20–40 ml per kg bodyweight and day, given by 1–2 injections daily.
A Case of Vitamin D Resistant Rickets Treated with Massive Doses of Vitamin D2
Authors: CARLGREN LARS‐ERIK
Published: January 2008

A case of rickets resistant to ordinary vitamin D therapy is described. A familiar factor has, in all likelihood, played a part in the pathogenesis. Treatment with citric acid‐sodium citrate was of no benefit which agrees with the experience of Butler. Massive daily doses of vitamin D, given by mouth in periods of ten to fourteen days had a marked effect on the blood phosphorus and plasma phosphatase concentrations and brought about a conspiciuous healing of the skeletal changes as seen in the X‐ray (see Figs 2 and 3). No toxic reactions to these large doses of vitamin D were seen.
The Electroencephalogram in Cases of Tuberculous Meningitis
Authors: LICHTENSTEIN A. , LIN K.‐A. ME
Published: January 2008

Electroencephalographic examinations of 7 children with streptomycin‐treated tuberculous meningitis showed that clinical deterioration, which set in in 3 cases, was accompanied by EEG changes in the form of large 4–5/sec. waves. In 1 case EEG changes were the first indication of deterioration. In 4 cases which were restored to complete or almost complete health the EEG changes noted earlier in the disease disappeared. Thus repeated EEG recordings may be of prognostic value and even indicate a need for intensified treatment.

Les examens encéphalographiques de 7 enfants ayant méningite tuberculeuse traitée par la streptomycine, montrent que l'aggrevation clinique constatée dans 3 cas est accompagnée de ehangements EEG sous forme de grandes ondes 4–5 sec. Dans 1 cas les changenients ERG etaient les premières indications de l'aggravation. Dans 4 cas, lesquels ont entièrement ou presque entièrement recouvré. la santé, les changements EEG, survenus auparavant au cows de la maladie, ont disparu. Des contrdles EEG répetés peuvent donc avoir une valeur prognostique et peuvent aussi indiquer la nékessité d'intensifier le traitement.

Elektroencephalografische Untersuchungen bei 7 Kindern mit tuberkulöser mit Streptomycin behandelter Meningitis zeigen, dass eine klinische Verschlechterung, welche in 3 Fallen auftrat, von EEG Veränderungen in Form von grosser 4–5/Sek.‐Wellen gefolgt ist. In 1 Fall traten Veränderungen im EEG vor anderen Zeichen einer Verschlechterung auf. In 4 Fällen, welche zu voller oder so gut wie voller Genesung kamen, vorschwanden die während des früheren Krankheitsverlaufes aufgetretenen Veränderungen des EEG. Wiederholte EEG Kontrollen können deshalb von prognostischem Wert sein und auch die Notwendigkeit einer intensiven Behandlung stützen.

Los exánienes electroencefalográficos en niños de 7 años eon meningitis tubercular tratada con estreptomicina muestran que una deterioración clínica, que comenzó en 3 casos, fué acompañada de alteraciones EEG en forma de grandes ondas de 1–5 segundos. En un caso las alteraciones EEG fueron la primera indicación de deterioración. En cuatro casos, que han sido completa o casi completamente curados, las alteraciones EEG, observadas al principio de la enfermedad, han desaparecido. Repetidos controles EEG pueden ser de valor para el pronóstico y pueden indicar la necesidad de un tratamiento intensificado.
THE RADIOLOGY OF LIGNAC‐FANCONI DISEASE
Authors: ASTLEY R. , TEALL C. G. , BICKEL H.
Published: January 2008

The radiological findings in seven children with Lignac‐Fanconi disease are described and compared with those in the literature.

Bone changes may be absent. When present, they are those of simple rickets or, in the more chronic cases, of long‐standing late rickets. The appearances are non‐specific and not distinguishable from those of avitaminosis‐D or from “resistant” rickets.

These observations agree with theoretical conceptions because the bone changes, contrary to previous belief, probably originate in a failure of intestinal absorption of phosphorus and calcium.

We wish to thank Prof. G. Fanconi and Dr. H. Boehncke for sending us prints from the radiographs of their patients, and Prof. A. V. Neale for permitting us to use the X‐rays of Case 7.
On the Activity of Chloramphenicol against Haemophilus lnfluenzae with Special Reference to Influenzal Meningitis
Authors: GRÖNROOS J. A.
Published: January 2008

The 22 Haemophilus influenzae strains that were tested were all sensitive to chloramphenicol.

With an oral dosage of about 100 mg chloramphenicol per kg per day about 20–60 times greater chloramphenicol content in the spinal fluid was obtained than the sensitivity of the strains cultured from Haemophilus influenzae meningitis cases.

Thirteen cases of Haemophilus influenzae meningitis, the average age of which was 15.4 months, the youngest child being 3 and the oldest one 47 months, have been treated as follows: 5 only with chloramphenicol; all recovered; 1 with chloramphenicol and streptomycin: recovered; 7 with streptomycin, penicillin, and sulpha drugs: of these 3 recovered, 3 died, and one recovered with sequelae.

The patients treated with chloramphenicol generally recovered more quickly than those treated with streptomycin and other drugs.
Juvenile Xanthoma
Authors: NILSBY IVAR
Published: January 2008

A review of the clinical symptoms, particularly the skin lesions, of the various types of xanthomatosis is given. A case of juvenile xanthoma is then described. Characteristic of this type is that it usually appears within the first year of life and the skin lesions consist of small solitary tumours. The blood cholesterbl and the total blood fat are within normal limits. The internal organs are not usually involved and the prognosis is then good, but a few cases with later systemic lesions have been reported.
The ‘Appearance of the Fundus Oculi in Premature Infants, with Special Reference to the Early Stages of Retrolental Fibroplasia
Authors: HUGGERT A.
Published: January 2008

In a material comprising 66 cases of premature infants, a regular examination of the fundi was carried out each week from birth. Amongst these cases there were 18 that presented a fundus picture similar to that described as being typical for early retrolental fibroplasia. These changes were reversible in all cases. Minor changes taking the form of a yellow‐white oolour and a slight oedema in the periphery of the. fundus were observed in 2/3rds of the total material. If one considers the time at which these changes were first manifest in relation to birth, it would appear that the greater the birth weight the sooner changes become apparent. When one considers the above and the high incidence of these minor fundal changes it is suggested that the changes described in this paper and in the early stages of retrolental fibroplasia are merely normal stages of development.
Studies on Diphtheria
Authors: VAHLQUIST BO , NORDBRlNG FOLKE
Published: January 2008

Fifteen prematures were inoculated with single doses of diphtheria toxoid between the 1st and 10th day of life. After four to five weeks only six of fourteen children showed a weak reaction, after twelve weeks twelve of fourteen children had responded, but the median titre was only 0.008 antitoxin units/ml. The effect was weaker than that previously obtained by vaccination of full‐term children.
Experiments with a New Agglutination Method for Ascertaining Antibodies in Allergic Subjects
Authors: KRAEPELIEN SVEN , SIEVERT BENGT , WETTERGREN STEN
Published: January 2008

The authors subjected a method, presented by P. KALLOS and L. KALLÓS‐DEFFNER, for ascertaining specific antibodies in allergic subjects by applying human O‐blood corpuscles as allergen‐carrying corpuscles, to a control test. In an investigation series (39 cases), no positive results were obtained either in direct agglutination tests or by Coombs' technique.
Ill‐Health among School Children who had Previously Attended Day Nurseries
Authors: HESSELVIK LENNART
Published: January 2008

An investigation has been carried out in order to examine whether the frequent infections occurring in children cared for at day nurseries had any significant effect on subsequent ill‐health during the early school years. The study was made on a series of children who had been the subject of an investigation four years earlier. It had been found previously that a substantially higher sickness rate prevailed among children in day nurseries, and also to a certain extent among nursery school children, than among those cared for exclusively at home.

Among the common specific infections of childhood it has now been found, as expected, that measles occurred more frequently among the children formerly at home than among the former day nursery children, the latter having already had the disease before starting school. Non‐specific diseases (chiefly respiratory infections and their sequelae) were found to occur to more or less the same extent in all the three groups. Attendance at these types of institutions must therefore be assumed to have no great influence on the later occurrence of these conditions.

Among the children investigated, ill‐health due to non‐specific causes was found to occur at about the same level in all groups, corresponding to about 5 % absence.

No definite correlation could be established between ill‐health recorded four years earlier and the frequency of absenteeism of the same individuals reported during the period of the present investigation.
Active Basal Immunity and Its Application to Epidemiology II. Basal Immunity and Secondary Response in Diphtheria Prophylaxis
Authors: ERICSSON HANS , HESSELVIK LENNART
Published: January 2008

Thirty‐one children were given a booster dose of adsorbed diphtheria toxoid five years after the primary inoculations which, after this period, had in many cases left no titrable antitoxin. The booster dose produced, within ten days, a sharp rise in the antitoxin titre in all cases. The basal immunity remaining after the primary inoculation is considered to be of great practical importance in epidemiology.
Essential Hypertension in a 12 Year Old Girl Treated with Hexamethonium Compounds
Authors: BOS S. E. , KENG KHO LIEN , VELZEBOER C. M. J. , de VRIES S.
Published: January 2008

Description of a 12 year old girl suffering from malignant hypertension, grade IV, and treated with hexamethonium compounds with striking results. The blood pressure fell to normal values and all symptoms of the disease including the retinal changes disappeared. The period of treatment is by now twenty months. Before treatment the possibility of a phaeochromocytoma was excluded.
Acute Diffuse Infantile Sclerosis of the Brain (Krabbe's Disease) (A report on Two Cases in Sibs)
Authors: KÅSS ARNE
Published: January 2008

The heredo‐familial, degenerative diseases of the central nervous system are briefly reviewed, and an account is given of two cases of acute, diffuse, infantile sclerosis of the brain in a brother and sister. In both cases a typical picture developed from the fifth‐sixth month of life, and death occurred after the disease had lasted about ten months. The family history yielded no data concerning diseases of the nervous system or the like, and the disease is taken to be the outcome of a recessive hereditary process.
The Supply of Oxygen to Prematures and the Appearance of Retrolental Fibroplasia
Authors: HUGGERT A.
Published: January 2008

The importance of oxygen administration in regard to the manifestation of changes in the calibre of the retinal vessels as well as the presence of peripheral retinal oedema has been studied from a material of 130 premature infants. It appears that the retinal vessels were often very narrow during the administration of oxygen, and that vascular dilatation and peripheral oedema occurred in most cases when oxygen was stopped, but, in individual cases, even whilst oxygen was being administrated. In the eases that had not been given oxygen, dilatation of the vessels and oedema occurred immediately after birth. Of those that were treated with oxygen, 2 developed into re‐trolental fibroplasia. Finally, attention is drawn to the connection between the time when retrolental fibroplasia made its appearance in different countries as well as the time when incubators with surplus oxygen began to be used in the respective countries.
Studies on the Resistance of Haemoglobin to Alkali
Authors: ZANNOS LEDA
Published: January 2008

Using SINGER'S test of haemoglobin alkali denaturation we have examined:

1. 61 non anaemic infants aged between 5 days and 2 years and found a foetal type of haemoglobin up to the 19th month of age.

2. 12 patients with Cooley's anaemia. The values of resistant haemoglobin were above 50 % in cases that had not received a transfusion previously. These values are much higher than those found by SINGER in similar eases.

3. 13 patients with sickle cell anaemia. The values of resistant haemoglobin fell between 5–19.5 % coinciding with those found in negro patients.

4. 2 cases of Kala‐Azar. The haemoglobin was found to be of the normal type.
Acroceph alosyndactyly
Authors: BÖÖK J. A. , HESSELVIK L.
Published: January 2008

A case of acrocephalosyndactyly is described. The parents and sibs have been examined by the writers. A pedigree is given and the clinical and genetical features of this rare malformation briefly reviewed.
Indwelling Polyethylene Tube in the Feeding of Premature Infants
Authors: KAUHTIO JYRKI
Published: January 2008

Summary

Seventy‐three premature infants have been fed during the first weeks of life through an indwelling nasal polyethylene tube. Eight of them died; the cause of death being cerebral hemorrhage in three cases, congenital malformation of the brain in one case, and immaturity in four cases. The survivors did well and the average hospitalization time was 58 days. The tube was left in for an average period of 17 days, the longest time being 48 days. No complications were encountered. The method is considered to present obvious advantages as compared with the ordinary gavage method and is recommended for use particularly in the treatment of prematures who are very small or in poor condition.
The Response of Idiopathic Renal Acidosis to Oral Sodium Lactate
Authors: STAPLETON THOMAS
Published: January 2008

Summary

A case of idiopathic renal acidosis with coincident hyperelectrolytaemia and hyper‐calcaemia is described. The renal response to the administration of sodium lactate is examined and it is shown that the overall response is similar to that which would occur in a normal child. The prolonged administration of sodium lactate did not cause a depletion of potassium. The findings are consistent with the hypothesis that the underlying defect is a failure on the part of the kidney to regulate the excretion of bicarbonate.

The author wishes to thank Dr. R. LIGHTWOOD who was in charge of the case for his help, Dr. W. M. WALLACE for commenting on the findings, Dr. P. H. SANDERSON for advice and for assistance with the sodium and potassium determinations, Dr. V. WYNN for allowing the author to use his flame photometer, Mr. I. W. J. EVANS for technical help and Sister J. CAMPBELL for her skilful nursing care.
Resultats d'une Étude de Sérums d'Enfants Atteints de Néphrose Lipoïdique par la Méthode de Micro‐Électrophorèse sur Papier
Authors: HOOFT C. , CLARA R.
Published: January 2008

Résumé

Les sérums de 8 enfants atteints de néphrose lipoïdique pure et d'un enfant présentant une néphrose lipoïdique compliquée d'atteinte rénale ont été examinés par la microélectrophorèse sur papier (Procédé de GRASSMANN et HANNIG: appareil Elphor‐H). Les avantages et les désavantages de cette microméthode, comparés à ceux de la macro‐électrophorèse d'après TISELIUS sont discutés. Chez tous les malades, atteints de néphrose lipoïdique, le taux de l'albumine est très bas; celui de la globuline α2 toujours très élevé; la valeur absolue de la globuline γ est toujours tres basse. Les valeurs relatives de la globuline α1 sont un peu au‐dessus de la normale. Les résultats obtenus pour la globuline β dépendent de la méthode employée; les valeurs sont plus élevées avec les méthodes réfractométriques qu'avec l'appareil Elphor. Avec la méthode optique, l'indice de réfraction de la globuline β est fortement influencé par les lipides. Les pourcentages et les valeurs absolues des différentes fractions varient sensiblement de malade à malade. II n'y a pas de concordance nette entre la répartition des différentes protéines dans la néphrose lipoïdique et les états d'œdème. On ne peut trouver de relation entre les valeurs relatives des fractions protéiques et le taux des protéines totales.
Iron Metabolism in Infants II. Absorption of Dietary Iron
Authors: FEUILLEN Y. M.
Published: January 2008

Summary and Conclusions

Thirty‐seven alimentary iron balances on 19 infants between the ages of 15 days and 9 months show that these subjects ingest an average of 0.37 mg of iron per day per kg, of which they retain an average of 0.19 mg, i.e. 53%. Within the limits of the amounts used in these experiments, the retention was shown to be approximately proportional to the intake. Within the age limits, we have observed only 2 zero balances and no negative one.
Congenital Valvular Formation of the Posterior Urethra
Authors: TORP K. H.
Published: January 2008

Summary

Four fatal cases of congenital valvular formation of the posterior urethra in boys are reported, two of which presented greatly dilated urinary tract at birth, and simultaneously cryptorchism.
Selective Filtration of Syphilitic Reagins through the Placenta
Authors: VOGT ELSE
Published: January 2008

1State Institute of Public Health, Serodiagnostic Department (Chief: OTTO HAKTMANN, M.D.), Oslo, Norway

Selective filtration of syphilitic reagins through the placenta is studied. Three serologic tests for syphilis performed on the serum from 107 newborn infants are compared with the same tests on the serum from their mothers prior to delivery. Meinicke's clarification reaction (MKR) was negative in the serum from all 107 infants, even where the serum reagin titre of the mother was high at the time of delivery, and the other tests were positive in the serum of the infant. It is concluded that MKR is not suitable for the detection of syphilitic reagins in the serum from newborn infants, because the reaction is always negative.
A New Theory Concerning the Mechanism of the Initiation of Respiration in the Newborn A Preliminary Report
Authors: JÄYKKÄ S.
Published: January 2008

Une nouvelle theorie sur le mécanisme du développement de la respiration chez le nou‐veau‐né. Rapport préliminaire.
The Extracellular Fluid Volume in Infants and Children
Authors: FRIIS‐HANSEN BENT
Published: January 2008

The extracellular volume in fifty infants and children has been studied by a micro modification of the thiosulfate method. This technique was first tried out and it was found that determinations carried out on capillary blood gave the most consistent results. Some limitations of the method are discussed.

The extracellular volume was found to diminish rapidly during the first six months of life, from 44 to 30 per cent of body weight, later a gradual decrease during childhood ensued, from 30 per cent to 20 per cent around puberty. When expressed as liters per square meter surface area of the body a less pronounced fall was observed, and only during the first month of life.
Familial Predisposition to Congenital Pyloric Stenosis*
Authors: NIELSEN O STEINICKE
Published: January 2008

A series of 95 individuals (73 men and 22 women), between the ages of 25 and 45, has been questioned about possible familial occurrence of cong. pyl. sten. These individuals had all in infancy been treated medically for cong. pyl. sten. One hundred non‐selected hospitalized patients (77 men and 23 women) between the ages of 25 and 51 have been similarly questioned as controls.

The 95 propositi with previous pyl. sten. have a total of 128 children, of whom 11 have had pyl. sten.j whereas there is only one child with the disease among the 145 children of the propositi in the control group.

The propositi in the starting series have a total of 216 siblings, of whom nine have had cong. pyl. sten. In the control group the number of siblings is 319, of whom none have had the disease.

In addition, there have been found eight cases among the remaining relatives of the propositi in the starting series, against one within the control group.

The present investigation has, in other words, shown a considerable familial accumulation of the disease, and has thus borne out the theory that hereditary factors play a part in its occurrence.
Über den Icterus gravis und Kernicterus bei Frühgeburten ohne nachweislichen AB0‐ und Rhesus‐Blutgruppen‐antagonismus
Authors: BARKER J. C. W.
Published: January 2008

In einer Gruppe von 172 normalen und gesunden Frühgeburten wurden 56 Fälle von Icterus gravis gefunden. Bei diesen war kein ABO‐ und Rh‐BIutgruppenanta‐gonismus nachzuweisen. Bei 33 trat klinisch ein Kernicterus auf, der bei 21 tötlich war. Vierzehn Fälle wurden obduziert. Die Diagnose wurde dabei bestätigt. Die Frühgeburten dieser Gruppe wurden alle in Sauerstoffzelten gepflegt. In den Zelten herrscht eine Sauerstoffkonzentration von 60 % im Mittel.

In einer Vergleiehsgruppe von 139 normalen und gesunden Frühgeburten, ebenfalls ohne Blutgruppenantagonismus, wurden nur 7 Fälle von Icterus gravis und 1 Fall von Kernicterus, der übrigens tötlich verlief, gesehen. Diese Gruppe wurde ohne zusätzlichen Sauerstoff gepflegt.

Es wird eine Hypothese entwickelt, die die hohe Sauerstoffkonzentration, die in den Sauerstoffzelten herrscht, für die Krankheitsbilder, die in diesem Artikel Icterus gravis und Kernicterus ohne Antagonismus genannt werden, verantwortlich maeht. Auf Grund der hohen Sauerstoffkonzentration tritt ein verstärkter Hämoglobinabbau auf, der bei der noch immaturen Leberfunktion zu einer starken Bilirubinämie führt. Das Bilirubin erreicht über die noch niedrige “barriere hemato‐encephalique” das Hirngewebe. Dort ruft es einen Kernicterus hervor.

Diese Hypothese wird neben Statistiken noch durch klinische Versuchen gestützt.
Das Vorkommen von Colitypen der Gruppe 0 26 bei S äuglingsdurchfälien
Authors: OCKLITZ H. W. , SCHMIDT E. F.
Published: January 2008

Bisher wurden Coli der 0‐Gruppe 26 nur wenig und meist bei sporadischen Fällen von Säuglingsenteritis gefunden. In der vorliegenden Arbeit wird auf die auffällige Zunahme dieser Colitypen in unserem Krankengut hingewiesen und die Beschreibung von insgesamt 158 Fällen gegeben. Die Beobachtung einer Kleinraumepidemie und die nicht kleine Zahl erst in der Klinik stattgefundener Übertragungen geben uns Anlass, die Bedeutung auch dieser Dyspepsiecoli für den Hospitalismus nicht zu gering zu veranschlagen.

The Prevalence of Bact. Coli 0 26 in Infantile Diarrhoea.

In the Pediatric Clinic of Rostock, East‐Germany, B. Coli 0 26 were occasionally found in cases of infantile diarrhoea. These Coli types have now become very frequent and have been observed in 158 cases. An epidemic within a small‐room ward was studied, some cases becoming infected while in the hospital. The importance of these dyspepsia Coli for cross‐infections in hospital wards should not be underestimated.

La fréquence du Bact. Coli 0 26 dans la diarrhée du nourrisson.

A la clinique pédiatrique de Rostock, Allemagne Orientale, le Coli 0 26 n'a été trouvé que rarement et dans des cas sporadiques de diarrhée infantile. Ces types de Coli sont maintenant devenus très fréquents et on les a rencontrés dans 158 cas. On a examiné une épidémie dans deux petites salles et assez bien de cas devinrent infectés pendant l'hospitalisation. On ne peut sousestimer l'importance de ces Coli de dyspepsie pour le développement de l'hypothrepsie hospitalière.

El bacilo Coli 0 26 en diarrea infantil.

En la Clínica Pediátrica de Rostock, Alemania del Este, se encontró el Bacilo Coli 0 26 solamente en raros y esporádicos casos de diarrea infantil. Este tipo de Coli se ha vuelto actualmente muy frecuente y fué observado en 158 casos. Se estudió una epidemia en dos pequeñas salas y se encontró que varios casos en el hospital se infectaron durante ese período. No debería subestimarse la importancia de esas dispepsias a Bac. Coli en el desenvolvimiento de hospitalismos.
Methemalbuminemia in the Neonatal Period with Special Reference to Hemolytic Disease of the Newborn1
Authors: ZETTERSTRÖM ROLF , STEMPFEL ROBERT , ESCARDÓ FLORENCIO E.
Published: January 2008

Methemalbumin was demonstrated in the cord serum from 3 out of 10 apparently normal newborn infants. This heme pigment which appeared in low concentration disappeared from the peripheral blood during the first day of life.

In infants with hemolytic disease of the newborn, the methemalbumin level was found to be elevated in those cases which exhibited features of a severe hemolytic process in utero. A long‐standing and intense hemolytic process in addition to hepatic dysfunction was found to be a predisposing factor to the accumulation of methemalbumin in the plasma. In most cases with methemalbuminemia there was a marked elevation of the serum hemoglobin concentration, indicating preceding intravascular hemolysis. In isoimmunized infants with a high level of cord serum hemoglobin there was an increase in the concentration of methemalbumin during the first few hours after birth. Methemalbumin disappeared spontaneously from the serum at a slow rate but, of course, was removed rapidly during exchange transfusion.

The clinical significance of methemalbumin in hemolytic disease of the newborn is briefly discussed. It is concluded that the concentration of this pigment in cord serum cannot be used as a guide to exchange transfusion therapy.

La méthémalbumine a été trouvée dans le sérum du sang ombilical chez trois enfants dans un groupe de dix nouveaux‐nés apparemment normaux. Ce pigment hématique no fut présent qu'en faible concentration et disparut du sang périphérique durant le premier jour de la vie. Chez les enfants atteints de la maladie hémolytique du nou veau‐né, la concentration en méthémalbumine fut trouvée élevée dans les cas qui montraient les caractéristiques d'un processus sévère d'hemolyse in utero. Une atteinte hémolytique intense et de longue durée, liée à un trouble de la fonction hépatique, s'est montrée un facteur prédisposant à l'aecumulation de méthémalbumine dans le plasma. Dans la plupart des cas avec méthémalbuminémie, il existait une augmenta tion sensible de la concentration de l'hémoglobine dans le sérum, signe d'une hémo lyse intravasculaire antérieure. Chez les enfants isoimmunisés, présentants une forte concentration d'hémoglobine dans le sérum du cordon, on a trouvé une augmentation de la méthémalbumine durant les toutes premières heures apres la naissance. Spontané‐ment la méthémalbumine disparait lentement du sérum, mais est, évidemment, évacuée rapidement par l'exosanguinotransfusion. La signification clinique de la méthémalbumine dans la maladie hémolytique du nouveau‐né est discutée brièvement. La conclusion en a été que Ton ne pouvait se servir de la concentration de ce pigment dans le sérum du cordon ombilical cornrns d'un critère pour décider l'exosanguinotrans‐fusion.
Children Born out of Wedlock in Copenhagen, Their Family Milieu at the Age of Five Years
Authors: BRASTRUP AGNETE
Published: January 2008

The present investigation regarding the family milieu at the age of 5 years of children born out of wedlock has shown that 82.5% live in a home with a father and a mother, either with their own father and mother, a stepfather and their own mother, or with adoptive parents. Corresponding conditions apply to 90% of children born in wedlock.

The mothers who keep their children as single mothers are considerably older than all other mothers, both unmarried and married.

Les enfants illigitimea ci Copenhague. Leur milieu familial ci l'hge de 5 ans.

Ce travail porte sur l'étude du milieu familial des enfants illégitimes lorsqu'ils ont atteint l'âge de 5 ans. II indique que 82,5% d'entr'eux vivent dans une maison avec leur père et mère – qu'il s'agisse de leur propre père et mère, d'un beau‐père et de leur propre mére ou de parents adoptifs. Par comparaison à un groupe homologue, ce pourcentage correspond à une situation identique chez 90% des enfants nés dans les liens du mariage. Les mères qui gardent leurs enfants avec elles, comme des fillesmèrres, sont notablement plus agées que les autres, mariées ou non.

Ausserehelich geborene Kinder in Kopenhagen. Ihr Familienmilieu im Alter von funf Jahren.

Die vorliegende Untersuchung der ausserehelich geborenen Kinder hinsichtlich ihres Familienmilieus im Alter von 5 Jahren hat gezeigt, dass 825 yo in einem Heim mit Vater und Mutter leben ‐ entweder mit ihrem eigenen Vater und ihrer, eigenen Mutter, Stiefvater und eigener Mutter oder mit Adoptiveltern. Unter gleichen Verhaltnissen leben 90 % der ehelich geborenen Kinder. Die Mutter, die ihre Kinder allein aufziehen, sind betrachtlich alter als alle ubrigen Mutter ‐ das gilt sowohl fur die unverheirateten wie fur die verheirateten.

Estudio llevado a cabo en la ciudad de Copenague sobre nifios nacidos fuera del matrimonio. Su. medio familiar a1 llegar a la edad de 5 afios.

La presente investigacibn fu6 llevada a cabo para est estudiar el medio familiar de ni5os nacidos fuera del matrimonio a1 llegar estos a la edad de 5 afios. El 825 yo vivenen un hogar con padre y madre, ya sea con 10s propios, con padre adoptivo y madre propia o con ambos padres adoptivos. Dicha cifra se eleva a1 90 % cuando se tratade nifios product0 de matrimonios legales. Las madres que solas conservaron sus hijos, fueron considerablemente mayores que las del otro grupo, tanto solteras como casadas.
Neonatal Hepatitis with Osteomalacia
Authors: FRIIS‐HANSEN BENT
Published: January 2008

A case of neonatal hepatitis with extensive osteomalacia is presented, and the relationship between bone‐metabolism and liver disease is discussed.

Un cas d'hépatite néonatale accompagnée d'une ostéomalacie sévère est rapporté. Le rapport entre le trouble du métabolisme osseux et l'affection hépatique est discuté.
Pseudo‐Hirschsprung'sche Erkrankung bei einem Myxödem‐Säugling
Authors: SALMI TOIVO , LAHESMAA PIRKKO
Published: January 2008

Es handelte sich um ein etwa fünf Wochen altes Mädchen mit den zunächst für Hirschsprung'sche Erkrankung typischen Röntgenveränderungen. Langsam entwickelte sich bei ihm das für Myxödem charakteristische Aussehen. Nach einer Thyreoidin‐Behandlung verschwand das myxödematöse Erscheinungsbild sowie die intestinalen Veränderungen.
Spinal Cord Tumors in Children
Authors: SIWE STURE
Published: January 2008

The symptoms of spinal cord tumors in childhood are discussed in connection with three briefly described cases.

Discussion des signes des tumeurs médullaires chez l'enfant basée sur l'observation de 3 cas chez des enfants de 2, 2½, et 9 ans.
The Significance of Electro‐encephalographic Spike Foci in Patients with Cerebral Palsy without Epileptic Seizures
Authors: SKATVEDT MARIT , LUNDERVOLD ARNE
Published: January 2008

The significance of spike foci in EEG in patients who have had no clinical epileptic seizures has been considered as questionable. Three cases are reported in which EEG showed spike foci 2 weeks, 5 weeks and 2½ years before the occurrence of the first‐clinical epileptic seizure. These observations indicate that spike foci shown in EEG represent an actual danger of later clinical epileptic seizures.

Discussion sur la valeur des foyers de pointes à I'EEG de malades attaints de paralysies cérébrales sans crises d'épilepsie. Trois cas sont rapportés dans lesquels I'EEG avait montré I'existence de foyers de pointes 2 semaines, 5 semaines, et 2½ ans avant I'apparition de la première crise convulsive. Ces observations indiquent que les foyers de pointes enregistrés à I'EEG représentent un danger certain de crises convulsives futures.
Baby Pig Mortality and Infantile Pyloric Stenosis1
Authors: NIELSEN O. STEINICKE
Published: January 2008

In 10 pigs with clinical signs of “baby pig disease” and in 9 baby pigs found dead without previously recognized signs of disease there was found irreversible ganglion cell degeneration in the pyloric part of the stomach, identical with that found in infants with congenital pyloric stenosis.

L'examen anatomo‐pathologique de l'estomac de 10 pores présentant les signes cliniques de la « maladie des porcelets », et de 9 porcelets morts sans le diagnostic de l'affection ait été porté, révélait l'existence d'une dégénérescence cellulaire dans la région pylorique. Cet aspect est identique à celui que l'on trouve chez les nourrissons porteurs de sténose pylorique congénitale.
Chemotherapy in Primary Tuberculosis
Authors: WALLGREN ARVID
Published: January 2008

In my opinion, we must conclude that if chemotherapy is to be used prophylactically in primary tuberculosis, this treatment can be confined to the first three to four years of life and to adolescence. This selection of children to be treated is made from a theoretical point of view from what can be expected of such a treatment. The treatment should preferably continue for three to six months.

Pour autant que la chimiothérapie soit à utiliser au cours de la tubereulose primaire, son emploi semble devoir être limité aux 3 ou 4 premières années de la vie, et à l'adolescence. Le choix des enfants auxquels le traitement doit être administré est réalisé par une sélection théorique, se basant sur les résultats que l'ont peut attendre d'un tel traitement. Dans les cas où elle est appliquée, la thérapeutique sera poursuivie de préférence durant 3 à 6 mois.
Albright's Syndrome A Brief Survey and Report of a Case in a Seven‐Year‐Old Girl
Authors: ARLIEN‐SØBORG ULLA , IVERSEN TORBEN
Published: January 2008

Following a brief survey of Albright's syndrome, a case in a 7‐year‐old girl is reported. The patient had had café‐au‐lait‐coloured pigmentations since the first weeks of life. Vaginal bleeding lasting up to four days occurred at the ages of 7 days, 6 months and 5 years. Pubic hair and enlargement of the breasts were absent. Roentgenograms revealed typical changes in the base of the skull and the extremital bones, particularly on the right side. Histologically, the affected bone tissue showed signs of fibrous dysplasia of bone.

Une courte revue du syndrome d'Albright est donnée et un cas d'une jeune fille de sept ans est rapporté. La patiente a présenté une pigmentation de café‐au‐lait depuis les premières semaines de sa vie. Des pertes de sang vaginales qui duraient jusqu'à quatre jours étaient constatées à lâge de 7 jours, 6 mois et 5 ans. On ne observait pas de poils pubiens ou d'agrandissement des mamelles. Les radiographies montraient des changements typiques dans la base du crâne et dans les os des extrémités, particulièrement du côté droit. Les coupes histologiques des os affligés montraient des signes de dysplasie fibreuse.
Local Inhibition of the Tuberculin Reaction after Repeated Testing of BCG‐vaccinated Subjects
Authors: BERFENSTAM R. , FICHTELIUS K.‐E.
Published: January 2008

Student nurses previously tested with tuberculin on the arms 10–20 times, and showing a negative reaction at that site, were in 48 out of 74 oases positive to the same quantity of tuberculin injected into the skin of the thigh. The negative reaction to tuberculin on the arms must therefore be regarded as a partly local phenomenon.

Des élèves‐infirmières examinées à la tuberculine 10–20 fois au niveau dos bras et ayant eu une réaction négative à ce moment, présentèrent dans 48 des 74 cas une réaction positive, lorsque la même dose de tuberculine était injectée au niveau de la cuisse. La réaction negative à la tuberculine au niveau du bras doit donc êtve consi déréo comme un phénomène partiollement local.