Effects of adding Moringa oleifera seeds on the performance and production of common carp (Cyprinus carpio L.)
Authors: A. Mizory Firas 
Published: March 2023

The objective of this study was to assess the effects of utilizing Moringa oleifera at various inclusion levels in fish meal-based diets for common carp fish. In this study, we employed seeds at various concentrations, such as 2% Moringa oleifera seeds (MOS) for T2, 4% MOS for T3, and 6% MOS for T4, in comparison to control treatment T1 without it (0% MOS). The treatment T4 substantially (P> 0.05) reached the highest specific growth rate, which was recorded at (0.781%), before dropping to records of (0.689%, 0.610%, and 0.229%) for treatments T3, T2, and the control group T1. Additionally, Treatment (T4) had the highest relative growth rate (13.25%), which then decreased to records of (11.21%, 9.567%, and 3.033%) for Treatments (T3), T2, and Control Treatment (T1), respectively. The treatment T4 reached the maximum value of the daily growth rate, which was recorded at (0.283%), before dropping to records of (0.238), (0.2203), and (0.063%) for the treatments T3, T2, and the control treatmentT1, respectively. Treatment (T4) had the highest reported value of the ultimate body weight, coming in at 49.44g. After then, it started to fall, and records of 45.49g for Treatments (T3), 42.43g for Treatments (T2), and 30.51g for Control Treatment were made (T1). The total recorded feed intake for treatment (T4) was 7.54g, which was the highest value. Following that, it began to decrease, and measurements of 7.07g for Treatments (T3), 6.77g for Treatments (T2), and 5.83g for Control Treatment were made (T1). The body gained weight to its highest ever recorded level of 92.74g as a result of treatment (T4). It then began to decline, with records of 78.43g for Treatments (T3), 66.96g for Treatments (T2), and 22.21g for Control Treatment (T1). Significantly, Treatment (T4) contributed to the feed conversion ratio increasing to 3.16%, the highest level ever recorded. After that, it started to go down, with records of 2.83% for Treatments (T3), 2.51% for Treatments (T2), and 0.92% for Control Treatment (T1). Contrarily, partly as a result of the Control Treatment, the Feed Efficiency Ratio improved to 1.09%, the highest level ever recorded (T1). After that, it began to decline, with records of 0.39 percent for Treatments (T2), 0.35 percent for Treatments (T3), and 0.32 percent for Treatment (T4). The effect of the treatment caused the Protein Efficiency Ratio to rise sharply to its highest recorded value of 0.81%. (T4). After then, it started to fall, with records for Treatments (T3) of 0.68 percent, Treatments (T2) of 0.59 percent, and Control Treatment of 0.19 percent (T1). The greatest level of Protein Productive Value was likewise attained by Treatment (T4), which was 3.65%; thereafter, Treatments (T3), T2, and Control Treatment (T1) each achieved records of 3.32%, 2.98%, and 3.33 %. The maximum Fat Efficiency Ratio was attained by Treatment (T3) (10.49%), but it thereafter dropped to records for Treatments (T4), (T2), and Control Treatment (T1) of 8.43%, 7.75%, and 1.70%, respectively. The aim of this study is for the purpose of providing healthy nutrition requirements for fish. It concludes that T4 treatment which contains 6% moringa seeds was the best ratio to obtain best growth performance for common carp.