bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
K-band GRAVITY/VLTI interferometry of “extreme” Herbig Be stars
Authors: Marcos-Arenal P. , Mendigutía I. , Koumpia E. , Oudmaijer R. D. , Vioque M. , Guzmán-Díaz J. , Wichittanakom C. , de Wit W. J. , Montesinos B. , Ilee J. D.
Published: June 2021

Context.It has been hypothesized that the location of Herbig Ae/Be stars (HAeBes) within the empirical relation between the inner disk radius (rin), inferred fromK-band interferometry, and the stellar luminosity (L*), is related to the presence of the innermost gas, the disk-to-star accretion mechanism, the dust disk properties inferred from the spectral energy distributions (SEDs), or a combination of these effects. However, no general observational confirmation has been provided to date.

Aims.This work aims to test whether the previously proposed hypotheses do, in fact, serve as a general explanation for the distribution of HAeBes in the size–luminosity diagram.

Methods.GRAVITY/VLTI spectro-interferometric observations at ~2.2 μm have been obtained for five HBes representing two extreme cases concerning the presence of innermost gas and accretion modes. V590 Mon, PDS 281, and HD 94509 show no excess in the near-ultraviolet, Balmer region of the spectra (ΔDB), indicative of a negligible amount of inner gas and disk-to-star accretion, whereas DG Cir and HD 141926 show such strong ΔDBvalues that cannot be reproduced from magnetospheric accretion, but probably come from the alternative boundary layer mechanism. In turn, the sample includes three Group I and two Group II stars based on the Meeus et al. SED classification scheme. Additional data for these and all HAeBes resolved throughK-band interferometry have been compiled from the literature and updated usingGaiaEDR3 distances, almost doubling previous samples used to analyze the size–luminosity relation.

Results.We find no general trend linking the presence of gas inside the dust destruction radius or the accretion mechanism with the location of HAeBes in the size–luminosity diagram. Similarly, our data do not support the more recent hypothesis linking such a location and the SED groups. Underlying trends are present and must be taken into account when interpreting the size–luminosity correlation. In particular, it cannot be statistically ruled out that this correlation is affected by dependencies of bothL*andrinon the wide range of distances to the sources. Still, it is argued that the size–luminosity correlation is most likely to be physically relevant in spite of the previous statistical warning concerning dependencies on distance.

Conclusions.Different observational approaches have been used to test the main scenarios proposed to explain the scatter of locations of HAeBes in the size–luminosity diagram. However, none of these scenarios have been confirmed as a fitting general explanation and this issue remains an open question.
Detection of deuterated methylcyanoacetylene, CH2DC3N, in TMC-1
Authors: Cabezas C. , Roueff E. , Tercero B. , Agúndez M. , Marcelino N. , de Vicente P. , Cernicharo J.
Published: June 2021

We report the first detection in space of the single deuterated isotopologue of methylcyanoacetylene, CH2DC3N. A total of 15 rotational transitions, with J = 8–12 and Ka = 0 and 1, were identified for this species in TMC-1 in the 31.0–50.4 GHz range using the Yebes 40 m radio telescope. The observed frequencies were used to derive for the first time the spectroscopic parameters of this deuterated isotopologue. We derive a column density of (8.0 ± 0.4)×1010 cm−2. The abundance ratio of CH3C3N to CH2DC3N is ∼22. We also theoretically computed the principal spectroscopic constants of 13C isotopologues of CH3C3N and CH3C4H and those of the deuterated isotopologues of CH3C4H for which we could expect a similar degree of deuteration enhancement. However, we have not detected either CH2DC4H or CH3C4D, nor any 13C isotopologues. The different observed deuterium ratios in TMC-1 are reasonably accounted for by a gas-phase chemical model where the low temperature conditions favour deuteron transfer through reactions with H2D+.
Optimal control for a size-structured predator-prey model in a polluted environment
Authors: Zhang Tainian , Luo Zhixue
Published: June 2021

In this paper, we deal with an optimal harvesting problem for a periodic predator-prey hybrid system dependent on size-structure in a polluted environment. In other words, a size-dependent model in an environment with a small toxicant content has been established. The well-posedness of state system is proved by using the fixed point theorem. The necessary optimality conditions are derived by tangent-normal cone technique in nonlinear functional analysis. The existence of a unique optimal harvesting policy is verified via the Ekeland’s variational principle. The optimal harvesting problem has an optimal harvesting policy, which has a Bang-Bang structure and provides a threshold for the optimal harvesting problem. Using the optimization theories and methods in mathematics to control phenomena of life. The objective function represents the total economic profit from the harvested population. Some theoretical results obtained in this paper provide a scientific theoretical basis for the practical application of the model.
Assessment of water environment risk management technology in the watershed during the “Thirteenth Five-Year Plan” period in Liaoning Province based on the analytic hierarchy process
Authors: Li Yafeng , Wu Jianbo , Shang Yanchen
Published: June 2021

This paper uses the analytic hierarchy process (AHP) as the basic framework, and evaluates the water environment risk management technology of the river basin in Liaoning Province, so as to scientifically and reasonably measure the advantages and disadvantages of the existing technology.The research results show that the best technical indicator is the research management technology of water environment quality monitoring technology; the best environmental indicator is the management technology of the research project of water quality safety assessment and early warning management technology in the basin. The highest overall score is the water environment quality monitoring technology method research management technology. Each management technology has certain advantages, and the management technology should be used jointly.
Spatio-temporal response mechanism of physiological characteristics of Abies georgei var. smithii to altitude
Authors: Chen Kang , Li Jiangrong , Zheng Weilie , Fan Zhiying , Pan Kaiwen
Published: June 2021

Abies georgei var. smithii (Abies George I varsmithorr. II (Viguie et Gaussen) Cheng et l.) belongs to Abies of Pinaceae, which is distributed in the southeast of Tibet, southwest of Sichuan and northwest of Yunnan. In this study, Abies georgei var. smithii in Sejila Mountain of southeastern Tibet was studied, the contents of Malondialdehyde (MDA), proline (pro), hydrogen peroxide (H2O2), soluble sugar and chlorophyll as well as the activities of superoxide dismutase (SOD) and superoxide dismutase (SOD) in the leaves, twigs, tree stems and roots of Abies georgei var. smithii were measured at different altitudes in the growing and non-growing seasons, single factor analysis of variance and multiple comparison were used to process the data. The results showed that the contents of Malondialdehyde (MDA), proline (pro) and hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) in the roots of Abies georgei var. smithii were significantly higher than those of other tissues in both growing and non-growing seasons, the content of chlorophyll in the leaves increased at first and then decreased with the elevation gradient, on the contrary, the ratio of chlorophyll a/b (CHLA/CHLB) increased with the elevation gradient. The activities of Peroxidase (POD) and superoxide dismutase (SOD) were the lowest. When the altitude was more than 4300m, the activities of POD and SOD decreased. The results showed that the physiological resistance of Abies georgei var. smithii decreased when the elevation was over 3900m, which was not beneficial to the growth and development of Abies georgei var. smithii, therefore, the distribution of Abies georgei var. smithii along the higher elevation gradient was limited by the unfavorable environmental factors at high altitude.
Discharge and velocity variation of flows in open channels partially covered with different layered vegetation
Authors: Tang Xiaonan , Guan Yutong , Rahimi Hamidreza , Singh Prateek , Zhang Yujia
Published: June 2021

The role of vegetation in the natural environment has drawn great interest recently. The vegetation can change the velocity distribution due to its additional resistance on the flow, consequently affecting the nutrient and pollutant transport, and the habitats. Due to the complexity of flow and vegetation interaction, many previous researchers have studied the flow structure of channels with uniform vegetation. Few studies have been done on the flow of open channels partially covered vegetation of different heights on one side of the channel, which commonly exists in natural rivers. Through novel experiments for such a vegetated flow, this paper shows the influence of different layered vegetation on the velocity profile and discharge, which indicates that the velocity in the vegetation zone is significantly smaller than that in the free-flow zone and that the velocity profiles in the short and tall vegetation zones are very different. The flow through the free-flow zone is dominant (about 75%) despite its half width, and its discharge percentage slightly decreases as increasing flow depth.
Implementation of image search system for event photo albums
Authors: Sidorov Konstantin , Koshkarov Aleksandr
Published: June 2021

The growing amount of image data (produced in a multitude of different ways – for example, like photo albums from various events) and lack of a direct search method for image information frequently create a situation in which end users of the service that publishes such data want to find themselves but cannot do it faster than looking through all entries one by one. The objective of this study is to develop and implement an approach that would be able to process this kind of data source and extract images similar to those provided by end-users in an on-demand manner. To this end, the modern methods for extract and compressing faces are introduced and applied.
Applied mathematics as a tool for studying the efficiency of an enterprise
Authors: Vinogradova Marina , Iakodiuk Liubov
Published: June 2021

This article discusses the application of applied mathematics in the study of the effectiveness of the enterprise of small forms of entrepreneurship individual entrepreneur Glukhikh L. P. The authors have identified the factors that most significantly affect the result of the enterprise-profit. Regression equations of the dependence of the company’s profit on various factors are compiled. The research methods used were business activity analysis, correlation and regression analysis, research on cyclicity and on the presence of a trend in a time series. The greatest attention should be paid to increasing the cost of sales, since an increase in the cost of sales by 1 ruble entails an increase in profit by 0.92 rubles. The study of the dependence of the company’s profit on time (24 months) showed that the profit changes randomly, there is no clear trend to decrease or increase it. In addition, no different cyclical fluctuations were detected. The analysis of business activity showed that the company is heading for its development.
On one approach to the detection of infrasonic signals of irregular natural phenomena in the instrumental observations time series at the student interdisciplinary testing ground
Authors: Kudryavtsev Nikolay , Safonova Varvara , Temerbekova Albina
Published: June 2021

The work is devoted to the analysis of time series and the problem of processing signals obtained as a result of the design approach implementation during the organization of instrumental observations of irregular natural phenomena at the student interdisciplinary testing ground. The objective of the work is to study the methods of processing noisy signals obtained as a result of monitoring the infrasonic environment, which make it possible to automate the search for fragments of the time series generated by irregular natural phenomena. At the beginning of the work, a brief explanation of the essence of the measuring scientific experiment carried out within the framework of the project approach used in the additional education of students and schoolchildren shall be given. The following is a review of publications describing various approaches to the analysis of nonstationary time series obtained in the process of instrumental observations. As the main method of time series analysis, it is proposed to use the algorithm for calculating the fractal dimension of the time series, proposed by T. Higuchi [1]. During studying of the time series of infrasonic signals, a number of regularities were discovered that contribute to the development of an original procedure for processing and transforming the signal under study, which makes it possible to determine the time intervals of fragments of the time series corresponding to the signals of the desired natural phenomena. The essence of the proposed approach lies in the preliminary preparation of the time series by processing the data with a simple normalized difference filter, previously smoothed by performing the coenvolution (convolution) operation with a Gaussian kernel; determining the step of segmenting the normalized time series, calculating fractal dimensions and averaged amplitudes for each of the segments of the time series and obtaining on their basis vectors of changes in dimensions and amplitudes with their subsequent element-wise multiplication. It is shown that the maximum values of the components of the resulting vector are indicators of timestamps for the location of the desired signals.
A method for planning the trajectory of a mobile robot in an unknown environment with obstacles
Authors: Tebueva Fariza , Pavlov Andrey , Satybaltina Dina
Published: June 2021

The known algorithms for planning the trajectory of movement of mobile robots in an unknown environment have high computational complexity or do not allow finding the trajectory that is optimal along the length of the path, while maintaining a safe distance from obstacles. The aim of the work is to increase the efficiency of solving the problem of planning the trajectory of movement of mobile robots from the initial position to the final position in an unknown environment with obstacles, taking into account the limited capabilities (sensory and computational) of mobile robots. The solution to this problem was carried out on the basis of step-by-step optimization of the current position of the robot relative to a given target. The proposed method analyzes the possibility of a robot moving in directions determined by means of analytical geometry based on measurements of on-board distance sensors. An element of scientific novelty is the procedure for calculating trajectory segments based on the choice of an intermediate state and correcting the trajectory taking into account the measurements of the on-board distance sensors of the mobile robot. The proposed method makes it possible to search for the trajectory of a mobile robot in an unknown environment while ensuring a given distance to obstacles. The use of the presented algorithm allows the robot to maintain a high efficiency of the task while functioning in conditions of information deficiency. The reliability of the results was confirmed in the course of software simulation. The solution of the problem, taking into account these features, made it possible to reduce the computational complexity of the method, as well as to remove restrictions on the use of trajectory planning algorithms for mobile robots with low-performance on-board sensors and computing devices. The presented algorithm is implemented in the form of software in the Python programming language, which can be used to simulate autonomous control systems for mobile robots.
Trends and conditions for the development of green energy in the Russian Federation
Authors: Kovtun Denis , Tovmasyan Natalia , Nazarov Anton
Published: June 2021

The second decade of the twenty-first century was a turning point when the leaders of the largest and most developed countries began to talk about a gradual transition from traditional energy sources to renewable ones. This decision was made in connection with the growth of carbon dioxide emissions into the atmosphere, and, as a consequence, an increase in the temperature of the lower layers of the atmosphere due to the greenhouse effect. The purpose of the study is to identify effective practices and prospects for the development of green energy in Russia through a comparative analysis of trends and conditions for supporting the production of renewable energy in the country. The study was carried out using methods of descriptive statistics analysis and comparative analysis, graphical and tabular visualization of the results. Sources used include data from the International Energy Agency, independent information, and an analytical center under the Government of the Russian Federation.
New tailored organic semiconductors thin films for optoelectronic applications
Authors: Pathak Dinesh , Kumar Sanjay , Andotra Sonali , Thomas Jibin , Kaur Navneet , Kumar Praveen , Kumar Vaneet
Published: June 2021

In this study, we have investigated new tailored organic semiconductor materials for optoelectronic application, such as organic solar cells. The carbon-based organic semiconductor material has promising advantages in organic thin-film form. Moreover, due to its low cost, organic thin films are suitable and cheaper than inorganic thin-film. The bandgap of organic semiconductors materials can be tuned and mostly lies between 2.0 eV and 4 eV and the optical absorption edge of organic semiconductors typically lies in between 1.7 eV and 3 eV. They can be easily tailored by modifying the carbon chain and legends and looks promising for engineering the bandgap to harness the solar spectrum. In this work, with new tailored organic semiconductors, the solution route is explored which is a low-cost processing method. (Anthracen-9-yl) methylene naphthalene-1-amine; 4-(anthracen-9-ylmethyleneamino)-1,5dimethyl-2-phenyl-1H-pyrazol-3-one and N-(anthracen-9-ylmethyl)-3, 4-dimethoxyaniline thin-films are processed by spin coating method with changing concentration such as 0.05 wt.% and 0.08 wt.%. Thin films of organic semiconductors were prepared on the glass substrate and annealed at 55 °C. The structural and optical behavior of (Anthracen-9-yl) methylene naphthalene-1-amine, 4-(anthracen-9-ylmethyleneamino)-1,5dimethyl-2-phenyl-1H-pyrazol-3-one, and N-(anthracen-9-ylmethyl)-3, 4-dimethoxyaniline organic semiconductors thin films is studied by X-ray diffraction (XRD), Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and UV-Visible spectroscopy technique. The XRD data of the synthesized sample suggests the nano crystallinity of the organic layers. And, the SEM micrographs show the dense packing when we increase the wt.% 0.05 to 0.08. Additionally, analysis of the optical absorption measurements found that the engineered bandgap of synthesized thin films are 2.18 eV, 2.35 eV, 2.36eV, 2.52eV, and 2.65eV which suggest suitability for applications of optoelectronic devices such as solar cell. Such lightweight, eco-friendly and disposable new carbon-based materials seem to have the potential to replace other traditional hazardous heavy materials for future eco-friendly flat fast electronics.
Analysis on free vibration and critical buckling load of a FGM porous rectangular plate
Authors: Teng Zhaochun , Xi Pengfei
Published: June 2021

The properties of functionally gradient materials (FGM) are closely related to porosity, which has effect on FGM's elastic modulus, Poisson's ratio, density, etc. Based on the classical theory of thin plates and Hamilton principle, the mathematical model of free vibration and buckling of FGM porous rectangular plates with compression on four sides is established. Then the dimensionless form of the governing differential equation is also obtained. The dimensionless governing differential equation and its boundary conditions are transformed by differential transformation method (DTM). After iterative convergence, the dimensionless natural frequencies and critical buckling loads of the FGM porous rectangular plate are obtained. The problem is reduced to the free vibration of FGM rectangular plate with zero porosity and compared with its exact solution. It is found that DTM gives high accuracy result. The validity of the method is verified in solving the free vibration and buckling problems of the porous FGM rectangular plates with compression on four sides. The results show that the elastic modulus of FGM porous rectangular plate decreases with the increase of gradient index and porosity. Furthermore, the effects of gradient index and porosity on dimensionless natural frequencies and critical buckling loads are further analyzed under different boundary conditions with constant aspect ratio, and the effects of aspect ratio and load on dimensionless natural frequencies under different boundary conditions.
A dynamic adaptive AHRS algorithm for UAV based on SVDCKF
Authors: Yang Yue , Liu Xiaoxiong , Zhang Weiguo , Liu Xuhang , Guo Yicong
Published: June 2021

Aiming at the attitude solution accuracy and robustness for small UAVs in complex flight conditions, this paper proposes a dynamic adaptive attitude and heading systems(AHRS) estimator with singular value decomposition Cubature Kalman filter(SVDCKF). Considering the problem of random bias for the low-cost attitude sensor, this paper designs a method that the sensor random bias is used as the state vector to eliminate the effect of the sensor random bias. Due to the non-linearity of small UAVs AHRS model and the non-positive definite phenomenon of the covariance matrix, a nonlinear AHRS filter combined with the Cubature Kalman filter and singular value decomposition is designed to improve the attitude solution accuracy. In addition, when the UAV flies in the different flight conditions, the three-axis acceleration of the attitude sensor will affect the attitude solution. Thus, a dynamic adaptive factor based on adaptive filtering is used to adjust continuously the acceleration noise variance to improve the robustness of the AHRS. The experimental results show that the method and algorithm proposed not only improve the attitude solution accuracy, and satisfy the flight requirements of small UAVs, but also eliminate the influence of the attitude sensor random bias and three-axis acceleration for the attitude solution to improve the proposed algorithm robustness and anti-interference.
Image restoration for irregular holes based on dual discrimination generation countermeasure network
Authors: Li Haiyan , Ma Yan , Guo Lei , Li Haijiang , Chen Jianhua , Li Hongsong
Published: June 2021

In order to solve the problem that the global and local generated countermeasure network cannot inpaint the random irregular large holes, and to improve the standard convolution generator, which demonstrates the defects of color difference and blur, a network architecture of inpainting irregular large holes in an image based on double discrimination generation countermeasure network is proposed. Firstly, the image generator is a U-net architecture defined by partial convolution. The normalized partial convolution only completes the end-to-end mask update for the effective pixels. The skip link in U-net propagates the context information of the image to the higher resolution, and optimizes the training results of the model with the weighted loss function of reconstruction loss, perception loss and wind grid loss. Subsequently, the adversary loss function, the dual discrimination network including the synthetic discriminator and the global discriminator are trained separately to judge the consistency between the generated image and the real image. Finally, the weighted loss functions are trained together with generating network and double discrimination network to further enhance the detail and overall consistency of the inpainted area and make the inpainted results more natural. The simulation experiment is carried out on the Place 365 standard database. The subjective and objective experimental results show that the results of the proposed method has reasonable overall and detail semantic consistency than those of the existing methods when they are used to repair random, irregular and large-area holes. The proposed method effectively overcomes the defects of blurry details, color distortion and artifacts.
Competitive failure analysis of a stochastic degradation system based on performance characteristics fusion
Authors: Dong Qinglai , Wang Weiwei , Si Shubin
Published: June 2021

With the aim of solving the reliability modeling and calculation of multivariate stochastic degradation systems, two stochastic degradation models based on the bivariate Wiener process are proposed, in which two performance characteristics are composited to one variable. Two different failure modes including the defect-based failure and the duration-based failure are considered. The explicit expressions of the system reliability are derived in the cases that the performance characteristics are not composited or the performance characteristics are composited according to the linear combination of the degradation measurements. An algorithm based on the Monte Carlo simulation is proposed to simulate the degradation process, in which the performance characteristics are composited in arbitrary forms, and the correctness of the analytical results is also verified. Finally, some numerical examples are presented to illustrate the present reliability assessment method。
Personalisierte, genbasierte Ernährungsempfehlungen zur Gewichtsreduktion
Authors: Bayer Sandra , Holzapfel Christina
Published: June 2021

Individuelle Ernährungsempfehlungen sind auf dem Vormarsch, da wissenschaftliche Studien gezeigt haben, dass Menschen sehr individuell z. B. auf Mahlzeiten reagieren sowie die Gewichtsreduktion zwischen Personen sehr unterschiedlich ausfällt. Welche Rolle dabei Faktoren, wie z. B. Genetik, Stoffwechsel, Mikrobiom, spielen, ist aktueller Forschungsgegenstand.
Die Rolle der Stimulationsart für den weiblichen Orgasmus: Psychometrische Eigenschaften der deutschsprachigen Version der Female Orgasm Scale (FOS) und der Clitoris Self-Stimulation Scale (CSSS)
Authors: Hoy Madita , Villwock Pauline , Strauß Bernhard , Brenk-Franz Katja
Published: June 2021

Einleitung Ob Frauen Orgasmen erleben und welche subjektive Bedeutung diese haben, kann deutlich nach Stimulationsart variieren. Trotzdem wird Orgasmuserleben in Fragebögen häufig eindimensional erfasst, ohne auf die Stimulationsart einzugehen, was zu Verzerrungen der Antworten führen kann. Auch ob der Orgasmus eigenverantwortlich angestrebt wird, bleibt unbeachtet.

Forschungsziele Das Ziel dieser Studie ist es, eine sprachlich adaptierte Version der Female Orgasm Scale (FOS) und der Clitoris Self-Stimulation Scale (CSSS) zu erstellen und eine psychometrische Überprüfung an einer deutschen Stichprobe vorzunehmen.

Methoden Die Female Orgasm Scale (FOS) erfasst, wie regelmäßig Orgasmen durch verschiedene Stimulationsarten (vaginaler Geschlechtsverkehr mit und ohne zusätzliche Klitorisstimulation, Stimulation durch die Hand des Partners, Oralsex, Selbststimulation) erlebt werden, sowie die Zufriedenheit mit Anzahl und Qualität der Orgasmen. Die Clitoris Self-Stimulation Scale (CSSS) erfasst das Verhalten, den Affekt und die Einstellung bezüglich Klitorisselbststimulation, um beim Sex mit dem Partner einen Orgasmus zu erleben. Mittels einer Online-Umfrage, die 412 Frauen bearbeiteten, wurden die Instrumente deskriptiv und faktorenanalytisch überprüft.

Ergebnisse Es ergaben sich überwiegend gute Testgütekriterien, die interne Konsistenz der FOS-D ergab α = .77 und die der CSSS-D α = .81. Für die FOS-D konnten zwei Faktoren extrahiert werden: 1. Orgasmuskonsistenz durch vaginale Penetration und Orgasmuszufriedenheit und 2. Orgasmuskonsistenz durch klitorale Stimulationsarten. Für die CSSS-D ergab sich nur ein Faktor.

Schlussfolgerung Die Instrumente können die Diagnostik und Therapie von sexuellen Funktionsstörungen der Frau unterstützen, da sie ein differenziertes Bild des Orgasmuserlebens sowie des damit verbundenen Verhaltens bei partnerschaftlicher Sexualität liefern.
Berufliche Teilhabe von syrischen Geflüchteten mit posttraumatischer Stress-Symptomatik in Deutschland
Authors: Gühne Uta , Jung Franziska , Röhr Susanne , Pabst Alexander , Grochtdreis Thomas , Dams Judith , Renner Anna , Nagl Michaela , Kersting Anette , König Hans-Helmut , Riedel-Heller Steffi G.
Published: June 2021

Ziel der Studie Darstellung der Erwerbssituation und Suche nach Determinanten der Erwerbstätigkeit in Abhängigkeit der Symptomschwere bei geflüchteten Menschen mit posttraumatischer Belastung.

Methodik Befragung 133 geflüchteter, in Deutschland lebender Menschen syrischer Herkunft mit posttraumatischer Belastungssymptomatik und explorative Datenanalyse.

Ergebnisse Nach knapp 4 Jahren im Asylland ist ein Viertel der Teilnehmenden (27,1 %) erwerbstätig. Dabei stehen einer erwerbstätigen Frau 6 erwerbstätige Männer gegenüber (13,9 % vs. 86,1 %; p = 0,001). Zusammenhänge zwischen psychischer Gesundheit und Erwerbstätigkeit ließen sich darstellen (posttraumatische Belastung p = 0,039, Depressivität p = 0,020, Somatisierung p = 0,026). Hinsichtlich sozialer Unterstützung, Traumaerleben sowie Aufenthaltsstatus und -dauer zeigten sich keine Unterschiede zwischen Geflüchteten mit und ohne Erwerbstätigkeit.

Schlussfolgerung Die aktuelle Analyse zur Erwerbssituation einer umschriebenen Gruppe syrischer Geflüchteter stellt die Bedeutung der psychischen Symptombelastung in den Mittelpunkt.
Knotless Suture Anchors: A Comparative Biomechanical Study of Acetabular Rim Anchor Fixation with Implications for Hip Labral Repair
Authors: Rowan Patrick D. , Cook James L. , Bezold Will A. , Skelley Nathan W.
Published: June 2021

The purpose of this study was to analyze relevant initial-implantation biomechanical properties of five knotless suture anchors available for use in acetabular labral repair. Five knotless suture anchor constructs were tested: Arthrex PushLock 2.9, Arthrex PushLock 2.4, Arthrex SutureTak 3.0, Stryker CinchLock SS 2.4, and Stryker CinchLock Flex 2.4. Anchors were placed in synthetic bone blocks and in acetabular bone of cadaveric specimens. Constructs were subjected to cyclic and load-to-failure (LTF) testing. Displacement at 1, 100, 250, and 500 cycles, yield load, ultimate load, and failure mode were compared with statistically significant (p < 0.005) differences. PushLock 2.9 mm and CinchLock SS 2.4 anchor constructs had significantly less displacement than PushLock 2.4 mm after 1 cycle (p = 0.017) and 500 cycles (p = 0.043). Excluding “tare” displacement after the first cycle, all anchor constructs were associated with less than 2.0 mm of displacement after 500 cycles. Arthrex PushLock 2.4 and SutureTak 3.0 had the highest number of failures prior to completing cyclic loading. Arthrex PushLock 2.9 was associated with the highest LTF in cadaver (p = 0.00013) and synthetic (p = 0.009) bone models. Most common failure mode in cadaver bone was eyelet failure for all anchor types. Knotless suture anchors used for arthroscopic hip surgery (2.9 mm PushLock, 2.4 mm PushLock, 3.0 mm SutureTak, 2.4 mm CinchLock SS, and 2.4 mm CinchLock Flex) were associated with material properties that met or exceeded the reported thresholds for successful periarticular soft tissue repair surgeries. Based on cyclic and LTF testing in synthetic bone blocks and cadaveric acetabulums, 2.9 mm PushLocks and 2.4 mm CinchLock SS anchors may have potential biomechanical advantages over the other constructs tested. Further functional ex vivo and preclinical animal model studies are recommended to further characterize suture anchor constructs designed for acetabular labrum repair. These results provide novel and relevant biomechanical testing data that contribute to assessing knotless suture anchor constructs for use in acetabular labral repair.
Environment and Culture, a Cross-Sectional Survey on Drivers of Burnout in Pediatric Intensive Care
Authors: Dalal Nupur N. , Gaydos Laura M. , Gillespie Scott E. , Calamaro Christina J. , Basu Rajit K.
Published: June 2021

Very little data is available to understand the drivers of burnout amongst health care workers in the pediatric intensive care unit. This is a survey-based, cross-sectional, point-prevalence analysis within a single children's health system with two free-standing hospitals (one academic and one private) to characterize the relationship of demographics, organizational support, organizational culture, relationship quality, conflict and work schedules with self-reported burnout. Burnout was identified in 152 (39.7%) of the 383 (38.7%) respondents. No significant relationship was identified between burnout and demographic factors or work schedule. A more constructive culture (odds ratio [OR], 0.84; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.77–0.90; p < 0.001), more organizational support (OR, 0.94; 95% CI, 0.92–0.96; p <0 0.001), and better staff relationships (OR, 0.54, 95% CI, 0.43–0.69; p < 0.001) reduced odds of burnout. More conflict increased odds (OR, 1.25; 95% CI, 1.12–1.39; p < 0.001). Less organizational support (Z
β = 0.425) was the most important factor associated with burnout overall. A work environment where staff experience defensive cultures, poor relationships, more frequent conflict, and feel unsupported by the organization is associated with significantly higher odds of burnout in pediatric critical care. The effect of targeted interventions to promote constructive cultures, collegiality, and organizational support on burnout in pediatric intensive care should be studied.
Novel Approaches in the Management of Type 2 Diabetes and Associated Vascular Complications
Authors: Kumar K. V. S. Hari
Published: June 2021

Diabetes mellitus (DM) is growing in pandemic proportion and affects the affluent and developing nations equally. India has the dubious distinction of being known as the diabetes capital of the world. Epidemiological studies have shown that DM is under diagnosed and inadequately treated in our country. Insulin resistance and β-cell dysfunction are the two key pathophysiological determinants of the DM. The disease has metamorphosed during the last couple of decades with a significant change in the clinical presentation. Simultaneously, the therapeutic options for the management of DM have also increased in the last decade. This article highlights the research conducted by us over the last decade in the areas of pathogenesis, management, and complications of DM.
Variable realisation of verb-final /n/ in Idi
Authors: Schokkin Dineke
Published: June 2021

The present study reports on verb-final variable realisation of the alveolar nasal /n/ in the Papuan language Idi. Elision of /n/ is correlated with both linguistic and social factors: present tense, a following consonant, and speakers over 60 show significantly greater rates of /n/ elision. Data from a 1988 grammar sketch indicate that for the present tense, variable realisation of verb-final /n/ is a case of stable, and perhaps age-graded, variation. Conversely, spread of n-less-ness into the other tenses may be a case of a change-in-progress, but at present this cannot clearly be confirmed. The older generation (speakers over 60) consistently show the highest rates of /n/ elision in all tenses. Elderly people are seen as the most proficient Idi speakers, and their position in society perhaps allows them to be more variable in their language use.
New Zealand English in Auckland
Authors: Ross Brooke , Ballard Elaine , Watson Catherine
Published: June 2021

This study acoustically analyses the vowel space of adult New Zealand English speakers from a predominantly Pasifika suburb in Auckland (Papatoetoe). These speakers (n = 13) are compared to two equivalent groups from non-Pasifika Auckland suburbs, Mount Roskill (n = 14) and Titirangi (n = 6). All participants are New Zealand English speakers aged 16–25. There were equal numbers of male and female participants. For the acoustic analysis vowels with sentence stress were identified and extracted and formant values were calculated at the vowel target. This study looks at over 8000 monophthongs and 4000 diphthongs. The study found minimal differences between speakers from different suburbs, but all groups had notable differences from the traditional New Zealand English (NZE) vowel space. These differences align with previous comments regarding the vowels of Pasifika New Zealand English. The paper concludes by contemplating what these results say about Pasifika New Zealand English and New Zealand English in Auckland.
The potential benefits of subtitles for enhancing language acquisition and literacy in children
Authors: Black Sharon
Published: June 2021

While a considerable body of experimental work has been conducted since the beginning of the 1980s to study whether subtitles enhance the acquisition of other languages in adults, research of this type investigating subtitles as a tool for enhancing children’s language learning and literacy has received less attention. This study provides an integrative review of existing studies in this area and finds extensive evidence that subtitled AV content can indeed aid the acquisition of other languages in children and adolescents, and that it can moreover enhance the literacy skills of children learning to read in their L1 or the official language of the country in which they live and receive schooling. Recommendations for future research are also made, and it is highlighted that further research using eye tracking to measure children’s gaze behaviour could shed new light on their attention to and processing of subtitled AV content.
Psidium guajava L.: taxonomy, relatives and possible origin.
Authors: Landrum Leslie R.
Published: June 2021

This chapter focuses on the taxonomy and geography of guava (Psidium guajava). Information is given on geography, morphological characteristics, chromosome number and genome size, phytochemistry and medicinal uses, closest relatives, and keys to species complexes.
Fruit set, development and maturation.
Authors: du Preez Rosemary J.
Published: June 2021

This chapter describes the guava fruit as well as the fruit set, growth, drop, harvesting, yield and quality (total soluble solids, total acids and ascorbic acid). Understanding the phenological cycle of guava and the effect of management practices on yield and fruit quality allows management practices to be modified to develop strategies which should lead to productivity gains for different pruning or chemical application times. As the effects of various treatments and times of application on yield and fruit quality for different cultivars and climatic zones are known, it is possible to decide on the optimum time to apply treatments knowing what the quality of the fruit will be, the time that the fruit will be harvested, expected yield and the critical times to apply management practices.
Pests.
Authors: Lasa Rodrigo , Birke Andrea , Guillén Larissa , Aluja Martín , Carrillo Daniel
Published: June 2021

This chapter focuses on major pests of guava in the different production areas of the world. The most important insects and mites have been grouped into six categories that have been divided according to different species and their importance across the different guava-producing regions. The chapter also emphasizes the basic features of each group related to their feeding damage, biology, behaviour, ecology and biorational pest management strategies. Minor pests are also listed. It is suggested that the main focus of pest control measures should be targeted towards fruit flies, some coleopteran and lepidopteran species that bore fruit and stems, and some minor pests that include scales, mealybugs, thrips, whiteflies and mites that increase guava production costs and reduce fruit quality and yields.
Nematodes.
Authors: Carneiro Regina M. D. G. , Santos Marcilene F. A. , Castro José Mauro C.
Published: June 2021

The following review of the nematodes from cultivated guava is limited to the major problem caused by M. enterolobii, its idenfication and its management strategies. The synonymization of Meloidogyne enterolobii with Meloidogyne mayaguensis and the different methods of identifying Meloidogyne species are discussed. The life cycle, host-parasite relationships, symptoms, damage and dissemination of M. enterolobii are described. The host status of cover crops, maize and fruit plants for M. enterolobii is discussed, as well as the resistance in Psidium spp. to root-knot nematodes. New prospects using genetic resistance in Brazil and some control strategies that can be used in an integrated way are presented.
Irrigation and fertilization.
Authors: Cabrera Raul I.
Published: June 2021

The chapter discusses some of the foundational concepts, and science-based management practices, on the irrigation and fertilization of major flower crops growing in soil and soilless systems. To this end, some key principles of plant physiology related to water relations and mineral nutrition will serve as the foundation of the themes and practices covered in this chapter.
Diseases and disease management.
Authors: Muñoz Melissa , Cieniewicz Elizabeth , Faust James E.
Published: June 2021

This chapter describes the general principles of disease management that apply to all pathogens, followed by a detailed description of the major pathogens, which fall into 4 broad categories, i.e. fungi/oomycetes, bacteria/phytoplasma, viruses and nematodes. The most important diseases of cut flowers, their causal microorganisms, symptoms and signs, epidemiology and management practices are addressed and organized by the primary tissues affected.
Biological control of pests.
Authors: Wainwright Henry
Published: June 2021

This chapter focuses on the benefits of using biological control in cut flower production through augmentative biological control using invertebrate and microbial organisms (natural enemies and biopesticides) applied seasonally or prophylactically.
Probing FCNC couplings in single top-quark production associated with a neutral gauge boson in future lepton colliders
Authors: Khatibi Sara , Moallemi Mehrnoosh
Published: June 2021

In this paper, we consider a single top-quark production in association with a neutral gauge boson (Z boson or photon) in the future electron–positron colliders. We utilize these channels to probe the top-quark flavor changing neutral current (FCNC) interactions in tqZ and tqγ vertices. We perform two separate analyses for top-Z-jet and top-γ-jet channels. The standard model effective field theory approach is employed to search for these anomalous couplings. We consider parton showering, hadronization and fast detector simulation in our study and use a cut-and-count technique to separate the signal from the standard model background processes. The upper limits on the FCNC couplings at 95% confidence level for different integrated luminosities are obtained. It is shown that the future lepton collider would be able to probe the FCNC branching fractions to Br(t → qγ) < 10−4 and Br(t → qZ) < 10−4 with 3  ab−1 of integrated luminosity of data at a center of mass energy of 350 GeV.
Production of intense isolated attosecond pulses with circular polarization by using counter-propagating relativistic lasers
Authors: Zhong Conglin , Qiao Bin , Zhang Yuxue , Zhang Yi , Li Xiabing , Wang Jing , Zhou Cangtao , Zhu Shaoping , He Xiantu
Published: June 2021

We demonstrate theoretically and numerically that intense isolated circularly polarized (CP) attosecond pulses can be generated from ultrathin foil targets irradiated by two relativistic lasers from opposite sides, where their polarizations are orthogonal to each other. With a proper matching condition, the compressed oscillating plasma mirrors on both sides of the foil are pushed inside by laser radiation pressures, eventually merging together to form a dense electron nanobunch under the effect of orthogonal laser fields. This nanobunch reaches both high density and high energy in only half a laser cycle and smears out in others, resulting in coherent synchrotron emission of a single attosecond pulse with circular polarization. Two-dimensional particle-in-cell simulations show that an intense isolated CP attosecond XUV pulse with an intensity of 1.2 × 1019 W cm−2 and a duration of ∼75 as can be obtained by two lasers with the same intensity of 2.1 × 1020 W cm−2.
Comparison of different approaches to the quasi-static approximation in Horndeski models
Authors: Pace Francesco , Battye Richard A. , Bellini Emilio , Lombriser Lucas , Vernizzi Filippo , Bolliet Boris
Published: June 2021

A quasi-static approximation (QSA) for modified gravity can be applied in a number of ways. We consider three different analytical formulations based on applying this approximation to: (1) the field equations; (2) the equations for the two metric potentials; (3) the use of the attractor solution derived within the Equation of State approach. We assess the veracity of these implementations on the effective gravitational constant (μ) and the slip parameter (η), within the framework of Horndeski models. In particular, for a set of models we compare cosmological observables, i.e., the matter power spectrum and the CMB temperature and lensing angular power spectra, computed using the QSA, with exact numerical solutions. To do that, we use a newly developed branch of the CLASS code: QSA_class. All three approaches agree exactly on very small scales. Typically, we find that, except for f(R) models where all the three approaches lead to the same result, the quasi-static approximations differ from the numerical calculations on large scales (k ≲ 3 - 4 × 10^-3 h Mpc^-1). Cosmological observables are reproduced to within 1% up to scales K = k/H_0 of the order of a few and multipoles ℓ>5 for the approaches based on the field equations and on the Equation of State, and we also do not find any appreciable difference if we use the scale-dependent expressions for μ and η with respect to the value on small scales, showing that the formalism and the conclusions are reliable and robust, fixing the range of applicability of the formalism. We discuss why the expressions derived from the equations for the potentials have limited applicability. Our results are in agreement with previous analytical estimates and show that the QSA is a reliable tool and can be used for comparison with current and future observations to constrain models beyond ΛCDM.
Fate of electroweak symmetry in the early Universe: non-restoration and trapped vacua in the N2HDM
Authors: Biekötter Thomas , Heinemeyer Sven , No José Miguel , Olea María Olalla , Weiglein Georg
Published: June 2021

Extensions of the Higgs sector of the Standard Model allow for a rich cosmological history around the electroweak scale.
We show that besides the possibility of strong first-order phase transitions, which have been thoroughly studied in the literature,
also other important phenomena can occur,
like the non-restoration of the electroweak symmetry or the existence of vacua in which the Universe becomes trapped,
preventing a transition to the electroweak minimum.
Focusing on the next-to-minimal two-Higgs-doublet model (N2HDM) of type II and taking into account
the existing
theoretical and experimental constraints, we identify the scenarios
of electroweak symmetry non-restoration, vacuum trapping and first-order
phase transition
in the thermal history of the Universe. We analyze these phenomena and in particular their relation to each other, and discuss their connection
to the predicted phenomenology of the N2HDM at the LHC.
Our analysis demonstrates that the presence of a global electroweak minimum of the scalar potential at zero temperature does not guarantee that the corresponding N2HDM parameter space will be physically viable:
the existence of a critical temperature at which the electroweak phase becomes the deepest minimum is not sufficient for a transition to take place,
necessitating an analysis of the tunnelling probability to the electroweak minimum for a reliable prediction of
the thermal history of the Universe.