bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Impact of ALDH2 Gene Polymorphism on Coronary Artery lesions in Ethnic Hakka Population with Acute Myocardial Infarction
Authors: Gan Caiyan , Liu Sudong , Guo Xuemin , Weng Ruiqiang , Gu Xiaodong , Zhong Zhixiong
Published: June 2020

Background: Aldehyde dehydrogenase 2 (ALDH2) contributes to converting acetaldehyde into acetate, thus plays a key role in the ethanol metabolism and oxidation of acetaldehyde. The aim of this study is to investigate the impact of Aldehyde dehydrogenase 2 (ALDH2) gene polymorphism on coronary artery lesions in ethnic Hakka patients with acute myocardial infarction (AMI).
Methods: A total of 312 patients (male = 241, female = 71) with acute myocardial infarction (AMI) suffered ≥ 50% stenosis of at least one major coronary artery were recruited into the study. Lesions of AMI patients carried different ALDH2 genotypes were analyzed.
Results: The incidence of multivessel lesions was higher in the ALDH2 mutation group (90.6%) than the ALDH2 wild group (80.3%) with reaching statistical significance (p = 0.009). Compare to the single lesion group, multivessel lesions group were more likely to be lower DBP (77.3 ± 14.1 versus 86.4 ± 13.8, p = 0.004), older (66.1 ± 12.2 versus 59 ± 12.1, p = 0.009), have hypertension (55.7% versus 30.8%, p = 0.023) in the ALDH2 wild patients. In the ALDH2 mutation patients, multivessel lesions group also tend to be elderly (65.9 ± 11.3 versus 58.5 ± 11.3, p = 0.011). In the addition, the multivessel lesions group presented higher levels of the TG and lower levels of the LDL-C than the single lesion group, but it is no statistical differences. The logistics regression showed that age and ALDH2 mutation were vulnerable to the multivessel lesions the ethnic Hakka population with AMI.
Conclusions: The AMI patients in ethnic Hakka population carrying mutated ALDH2 allele was vulnerable to multiple coronary artery lesions. ALDH2 allele was associated with multiple coronary artery lesions in AMI patients among ethnic Hakka population.
Key words: ALDH2 mutated allele, coronary artery lesions, acute myocardial infarction
Boosting toxic protein expression: transient in vivo inactivation of engineered bacterial alkaline phosphatase
Authors: Krawczun Natalia , Bielawa Marta , Szemiako Kasjan , Lubkowska Beata , Sobolewski Ireneusz , Zylicz-Stachula Agnieszka , Skowron Piotr M
Published: June 2020

Background:The biotechnology production of enzymes is often troubled by the toxicity of the recombinant products of cloned and expressed genes, which interferes with the recombinant hosts’ metabolism. Various approaches have been taken to overcome these limitations, exemplified by tight control of recombinant genes or secretion of recombinant proteins. An industrial approach to protein production demands maximum possible yields of biosynthesized proteins, balanced with the recombinant host’s viability. Bacterial alkaline phosphatase (BAP) from Escherichia coli ( E. coli ) is a key enzyme used in protein/antibody detection and molecular cloning. As it removes terminal phosphate from DNA, RNA and deoxyribonucleoside triphosphates, it is used to lower self-ligated vectors’ background. The precursor enzyme contains a signal peptide at the N-terminus and is secreted to the E. coli periplasm. Then, the leader is clipped off and dimers are formed upon oxidation.Results: We present a novel approach to phoA gene cloning, engineering, expression, purification and reactivation of the transiently inactivated enzyme. The recombinant bap gene was modified by replacing a secretion leader coding section with a N-terminal his6-tag, cloned and expressed in E. coli in a P BAD promoter expression vector. The expression was robust, resulting in accumulation of His6-BAP in the cytoplasm, exceeding 50% of total cellular proteins. The His6-BAP protein was harmless to the cells, as its natural toxicity was inhibited by the reducing environment within the E. coli cytoplasm, preventing formation of the active enzyme. A simple protocol based on precipitation and immobilized metal affinity chromatography (IMAC) purification yielded homogeneous protein, which was reactivated by dialysis into a redox buffer containing reduced and oxidized sulfhydryl group compounds, as well as the protein structure stabilizing cofactors Zn 2+ , Mg 2+ and phosphate. The reconstituted His6-BAP exhibited high activity and was used to develop an efficient protocol for all types of DNA termini, including problematic ones (blunt, 3’-protruding).Conclusions: The developed method appears well suited for the industrial production of ultrapure BAP. Further, the method of transient inactivation of secreted toxic enzymes by conducting their biosynthesis in an inactive state in the cytoplasm, followed by in vitro reactivation, can be generally applied to other problematic proteins.
Metabolism biochemical of young plants of Ucuúba (Virola surinamensis) in the presence of cadmium
Authors: Viana Waldemar , Neto Cândido Oliveira , Filho Benedito , Cruz Eniel , Amarante Cristine , Fonseca Vinicius , Nogueira Glauco , Nascimento Vitor , Sousa Diana , teixeira Jessica
Published: June 2020

The increased cadmium (Cd) concentration in the environment, caused especially by mining residues and excessive use of phosphate fertilizers, can cause serious imbalances in terrestrial and aquatic ecosystems. High levels of Cd in the soil commonly causes many stress symptoms in plants. and nutritional imbalance between carbon and nitrogen metabolism.The aim of this study was to assess the Nitrogen and Carbon metabolism of young plants of Ucuúba (Virola surinamensis) in the presence of cadmium with the perspective of the phytoremediation of contaminated environments. The used experimental design was a completely randomized design with five Cd concentrations (0, 15, 30, 45, and 60 mg L − 1), for 60 days. In general, Cd did not affect nitrate concentration in the root but had a positive effect on leaves. The reduction of nitrate reductase (NR) in plants exposed to Cd was followed by a decrease in ammonia, total soluble amino acids (TSA), and total soluble proteins (TSP). Cd promoted an increase in the concentration of total soluble carbohydrates (TSC), proline, sucrose, and reducing sugars in the plants. V. surinamensis presented a higher self-protection capacity in the form of bioaccumulation of total soluble carbohydrates, sucrose, and proline, important for its tolerance to the presence of Cd.
Impact of Multidisciplinary Collaborative Intervention on Isolation Implementation in the Prevention and Control of Multidrug Resistance Infection—A Retrospective Study
Authors: Wang Ying , Zhang Xinping , Lai Xiaoquan
Published: June 2020

Background: Isolation is important in the prevention and control of infection with multidrug-resistant organisms(MDROs) but implementation is weak. We aim to analyze the impact of multidisciplinary collaborative intervention on isolation in multidrug-resistant organism(MDRO) infection and determine the factors affecting the implementation of isolation measures.Methods: A retrospective analysis of the issuance of isolation orders for 1338 patients with MDRO infection and colonization in 10 months before and after multidisciplinary collaborative interventions carried out on November 1, 2018 at a teaching tertiary hospital in central China. Univariate analysis and multivariate logistic regression analysis were used to analyze factors affecting isolation implementation. Results: The overall issuance rate of isolation orders was 66.12%, which increased from 33.12% before the intervention to 75.88% after the intervention (P <0.000). The multidisciplinary collaborative intervention (OR = 0.154) is a promoting factor for the issuance of isolation orders, in addition to Length of stay(LOS)> 15d (OR = 0.459) and department (P <0.05). Conclusions: Multidisciplinary collaborative interventions related to isolation can promote doctors to issue isolation orders in accordance with regulations.
Impact of Metabolic Syndrome on the Development of Cardiovascular Disease among Kazakhs in Remote Rural Areas of Xinjiang, China: A Cohort Study
Authors: Yang Wenwen , Guo Shuxia , Wang Haixia , Li Yu , Zhang Xianghui , Hu Yunhua , Guo Heng , Wang Kui , Yan Yizhong , Zhang Jingyu , Ma Jiaolong , Mao Lei , Mu Lati , Liu Jiaming , Song Yanpeng , Li Changjing , Ma Zhuo , Ma Rulin , He Jia
Published: June 2020

Background: Metabolic syndrome (MS) could promote the development of cardiovascular disease(CVD). The aim of this study was to examine the association of MS and its components with CVD among Kazakhs in Xinjiang. Methods: According to the geographical distribution of the minority populations in Xinjiang, we selected the representative prefecture (Yili). A total of 2,644 participants completed the baseline survey between April 2010 and December 2012. The follow-up survey was conducted from April 2016 to December 2016. Only 2,286 out of 2,644 participants were followed-up on, with a follow-up rate of 86.46%. Cox regression was used to evaluate the association of each component and the number of combinations of MS components on the development of CVD. Results: Multivariate Cox regression analysis showed that blood pressure (BP), waist circumference (WC), and triglycerides (TG) were independently associated with CVD. Participants with 1–5 MS components had an increased hazard ratio for developing CVD, from 1.82 to 8.59 (trend P<0.001), compared with those without any MS components. This trend persisted after adjusting for other general risk factors. The risk of developing CVD increased when TG and WC coexisted, or when TG/WC and BP coexisted. However, no significant interactions were found between BP , WC , and TG. Conclusions: BP , WC, and TG were independent risk factors for CVD in Kazakhs. In clinical practice, a more informative assessment may be obtained by taking into account the number of MS components.
Desarrollo de un aplicativo móvil y web que calcule la huella de carbono en el sector educativo y transporte
Authors: Londoño Gallego Jennifer Andrea , Londoño Marín Sebastián , López Romero Carlos , Vahos Montoya Juan David , Escobar Castrillón Luis Ángel , Rendón Pareja Santiago
Published: June 2020

Las actividades cotidianas que el hombre realiza provocan el incremento de los gases de efecto invernadero (GEI), los cuales se encuentran en la atmosfera de manera natural, pero, al aumentar su concentración, su tiempo de permanencia aporta un mayor potencial de calentamiento global, ya que sus concentraciones en el pasado fueron menores a las actuales. Todos los países industrializados generan la mayor contribución de estos GEI. Las tecnologías de la información y las comunicaciones (TIC) hacen su aporte a la solución de esta problemática con herramientas que ayudan a determinar un índice de CO2 (dióxido de carbono) que produce una actividad específica, el cual se mide en toneladas por año. La aplicación móvil y plataforma web se desarrollaron con el framework ágil SCRUM que contiene sprints y actividades que se agruparon en 4 etapas. Para la arquitectura de desarrollo se utilizó Microsoft.NET. Estas herramientas permiten realizar desarrollos en multiplataforma para diferentes sistemas operativos móviles como IOS o Android con el módulo Xamarin. Los resultados permitieron tener un cálculo de las emisiones generadas de CO2, siendo más relevante aun la oportunidad de compensarlas por medio de las buenas prácticas adoptadas mediante sistemas agroforestales con especies introducidas o nativas.
ANITSAL YAPILARDAKİ MEZAR ANLAYIŞI: HEROONDAN MARTYRİUMA
Authors: BİLİR Güzin
Published: June 2020

Anıtsal mezarlar, yapıldığı dönemlerin mimari disiplinlerini temel alırken, kişilerin ya da olayların unutulmamasını sağlamak amacıyla hafızalarda yer edecek boyutlarda ve formlarda yapılmışlardır. Bu mezar tipi, erken dönemlerde kentin kurucularına ya da kahramanlarına yapılırken, zamanla “kahramanlık” olgusundan çıkmış, maddi durum yeterliliğine göre sıradan vatandaşlar için de mezar yapısı olarak yapılmışlardır. 4. yüzyılda Hristiyanlığın kabulüyle birlikte anıt mezar/heroon anlayışı Klasik Dönem’deki gibi sadece savaş kahramanlarının, Roma İmparatorluk Dönemi’yle birlikte sadece zenginlerin veya asillerin değil, din şehitleri yani martyrlerin gömüldüğü martyriumlar olarak karşımıza çıkmaktadır. Pagandaki kahraman kültü ve bu kültle birlikte oluşan heroonlar, erken 4. yüzyılla beraber martyr kültü ve martyrium yapılarının kökenini oluşturmuştur. Martyriumlar, tek tanrılı inanışa geçilen Geç Antik Çağ’da Hristiyanlık inancının kült yapılarından biri olarak zamanla kendi mimari tarzını ortaya koymuştur. Tüm bu farklılaşma sürecinin kahramanlık algısı üzerinde yarattığı değişimin yanı sıra genel mimari anlayışta da kendini gösterdiğini söylemek mümkündür.
¿El descortezamiento de un árbol medicinal impacta en su estructura poblacional-espacial? El caso de Hintonia latiflora en México
Authors: Vásquez-Cortez Vicente Florencio , Beltrán-Rodríguez Leonardo , Ángeles-Pérez Gregorio , Romero-Manzanares Angélica , Garcia-Moya Edmundo , Luna-Cavazos Mario , Caballero Javier , Blancas José , Martínez-Ballesté Andrea , Montoya-Reyes Francisco
Published: June 2020

Se documenta la estructura poblacional y el patrón de distribución y correlación espacial entre etapas de desarrollo de Hintonia latiflora, especie amenazada en México por la cosecha comercial de su corteza. Se establecieron seis unidades de muestreo (tres cosechadas y tres no cosechadas) de 20 m × 100 m para el censo de todas las plantas y se categorizaron en tres etapas de desarrollo con base en la altura total y diámetro basal; todos los individuos fueron ubicados por sus coordenadas cartesianas. La estructura poblacional se analizó mediante un histograma de densidad; , mientras que el sesgo y la curtosis se usaron para determinar el efecto del aprovechamiento sobre las categorías de tamaño. Los patrones espaciales univariantes y bivariantes se determinaron usando la función L1(t) y L12(t) de Ripley, respectivamente, y la significancia estadística fue a 99% mediante simulaciones Monte Carlo. La densidad entre sitios cosechados vs. no cosechados fue estadísticamente diferente (p < 0.013), pero la estructura poblacional fue semejante, con un patrón de distribución asimétrico positivo (S3 = 0.947 y S3 = 1.063) y leptocúrtico (S4 = 2.006 y S4 = 2.400). El patrón de distribución univariante en todos los casos fue agregado (L(t) > 0), mientras que la correlación espacial en poblaciones sujetas a descortezamiento reflejó una combinación entre independencia y atracción espacial a diferentes distancias. Esta información aporta bases para el manejo sostenible de H. latiflora y representa el primer estudio en México que analiza el impacto del descortezamiento de un recurso medicinal sobre su estructura poblacional-espacial.
Pengaruh gaya mengajar resiprokal terhadap keterampilan teknik grab start
Authors: Gani Ruslan Abdul , Winarno M.E. , Aminudin Rizki , Dimyati Akhmad , Mahardika Dhika Bayu
Published: June 2020

Teknik Grab Start merupakan teknik start yang penting dalam perlombaan renang. start merupakan penentu keberhasilan dalam perlombaan renang. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui pengaruh gaya mengajar resiprokal terhadap kemampuan teknik grab start pada mahasiswa UNSIKA. Metode yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini dengan eksperimen, dengan jenis penelitian pra-eksperimen. populasi dalam penelitian ini berjumlah 180 mahasiswa, penarikan sampling dengan purposive samping dengan jumlah sampel 30 mahasiswa yang dijadikan sampling dalam penelitian ini, dalam penelitian ini ada tes awal (pre test) terlebih dahulu untuk mengetahui kemampuan awal, adanya perlakuan (treatment) setelah diberikan perlakuan (treatment) diadakan tes akhir ( post test) untuk mengetahui peningkatan keterampilan teknik grab start. Hasil dari penelitian ini terdapat pengaruh yang signifikan dengan hasil t-hitung sebesar 9,064> t-tabel 1,699. Kesimpulannya bahwa terdapat pengaruh gaya mengajar resiprokal terhadap keterampilan teknik grab start pada mahasiswa Unsika. Effect of reciprocal teaching styles on the grab start skills in students AbstractThe Grab Start technique is an important start technique in swimming competitions. start is a determinant of success in swimming competitions. This study aims to determine the effect of reciprocal teaching style on the ability to grab start techniques at UNSIKA students. The method used in this research is experimentation, with the type of pre-experimental research. the population in this study amounted to 180 students, sampling withdrawal with purposive sampling with a sample of 30 students used as sampling in this study, in this study there are initial tests (pre-test) in advance to determine the initial ability, the treatment (treatment) after being given treatment (treatment) held a final test (post test) to determine the increase in the ability to grab start technique. The results of this study have a significant effect with the results of the t-test of  9,064> t-table of 1,699. The conclusion is that there is an influence of the reciprocal teaching style on the ability of grab start technique in unsika students.
Assessing the Impact of the COVID-19 Pandemic in Spain: Large-Scale, Online, Self-Reported Population Survey (Preprint)
Authors: Oliver Nuria , Barber Xavier , Roomp Kirsten , Roomp Kristof
Published: June 2020

BACKGROUND

Spain has been one of the countries most impacted by the COVID-19 pandemic. Since the first confirmed case was reported on January 31, 2020, there have been over 405,000 cases and 28,000 deaths in Spain. The economic and social impact is without precedent. Thus, it is important to quickly assess the situation and perception of the population. Large-scale online surveys have been shown to be an effective tool for this purpose.

OBJECTIVE

We aim to assess the situation and perception of the Spanish population in four key areas related to the COVID-19 pandemic: social contact behavior during confinement, personal economic impact, labor situation, and health status.

METHODS

We obtained a large sample using an online survey with 24 questions related to COVID-19 in the week of March 28-April 2, 2020, during the peak of the first wave of COVID-19 in Spain. The self-selection online survey method of nonprobability sampling was used to recruit 156,614 participants via social media posts that targeted the general adult population (age >18 years). Given such a large sample, the 95% CI was ±0.843 for all reported proportions.

RESULTS

Regarding social behavior during confinement, participants mainly left their homes to satisfy basic needs. We found several statistically significant differences in social behavior across genders and age groups. The population’s willingness to comply with the confinement measures is evident. From the survey answers, we identified a significant adverse economic impact of the pandemic on those working in small businesses and a negative correlation between economic damage and willingness to stay in confinement. The survey revealed that close contacts play an important role in the transmission of the disease, and 28% of the participants lacked the necessary resources to properly isolate themselves. We also identified a significant lack of testing, with only 1% of the population tested and 6% of respondents unable to be tested despite their doctor’s recommendation. We developed a generalized linear model to identify the variables that were correlated with a positive SARS-CoV-2 test result. Using this model, we estimated an average of 5% for SARS-CoV-2 prevalence in the Spanish population during the time of the study. A seroprevalence study carried out later by the Spanish Ministry of Health reported a similar level of disease prevalence (5%).

CONCLUSIONS

Large-scale online population surveys, distributed via social media and online messaging platforms, can be an effective, cheap, and fast tool to assess the impact and prevalence of an infectious disease in the context of a pandemic, particularly when there is a scarcity of official data and limited testing capacity.
Twelve-Month Follow-Up to a Fully Automated Internet-Based Cognitive Behavior Therapy Intervention for Rural Adults With Depression Symptoms: Single-Arm Longitudinal Study (Preprint)
Authors: Schure Mark , McCrory Bernadette , Tuchscherer Franklin Kathryn , Greist John , Weissman Ruth Striegel
Published: June 2020

BACKGROUND

Internet-based cognitive behavior therapy (iCBT) interventions have the potential to help individuals with depression, regardless of time and location. Yet, limited information exists on the longer-term (>6 months) effects of iCBT and adherence to these interventions.

OBJECTIVE

The primary aim of this study was to evaluate the longitudinal (12 months) effectiveness of a fully automated, self-guided iCBT intervention called Thrive, designed to enhance engagement with a rural population of adults with depression symptoms. The secondary aim was to determine whether the program adherence enhanced the effectiveness of the Thrive intervention.

METHODS

We analyzed data from 181 adults who used the Thrive intervention. Using self-reports, participants were evaluated at baseline, 8 weeks, 6 months, and 12 months for the primary outcome of depression symptom severity using the Patient Health Questionnaire-9 (PHQ-9) scale and secondary outcome measures, namely, the Generalized Anxiety Disorder Scale-7 (GAD-7) scores, Work and Social Adjustment Scale (WSAS) scores, Conner-Davidson Resilience Scale-10 (CD-RISC-10) scores, and suicidal ideation (ninth item of the PHQ-9 scale) scores. The Thrive program adherence was measured using the numbers of program logins, page views, and lessons completed.

RESULTS

The assessment response rates for 8-week, 6-month, and 12-month outcomes were 58.6% (106/181), 50.3% (91/181), and 51.4% (93/181), respectively. By 8 weeks, significant improvements were observed for all outcome measures. These improvements were maintained at 12 months with mean reductions in severities of depression (mean –6.5; P<.001) and anxiety symptoms (mean –4.3; P<.001). Improvements were also observed in work and social functioning (mean –6.9; P<.001) and resilience (mean 4.3; P<.001). Marked decreases were observed in suicidal ideation (PHQ-9 ninth item score >1) at 6 months (16.5%) and 12 months (17.2%) compared to baseline (39.8%) (P<.001). In regard to the program adherence, cumulative counts of page views and lessons completed were significantly related to lower PHQ-9, GAD-7, and WSAS scores and higher CD-RISC-10 scores (all P values <.001 with an exception of page views with WSAS for which P value was .02).

CONCLUSIONS

The Thrive intervention was effective at reducing depression and anxiety symptom severity and improving functioning and resilience among a population of adults from mostly rural communities in the United States. These gains were maintained at 1 year. Program adherence, measured by the number of logins and lessons completed, indicates that users who engage more with the program benefit more from the intervention.

CLINICALTRIAL

ClinicalTrials.gov NCT03244878; https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT03244878
Drainage Channels to Control Flooding and Road Damage
Authors: Alamsyah Alik Ansyori
Published: June 2020

The purpose of this program is to motivate the community to build and control the drainage channels. Ngenep Village often experiences floods caused by high rainfall and extreme differences in the original land surface. Seeing this condition, an assistance program should be carried out to realize the hopes of the people of Ngenep Village to have a drainage channel that can hold rainwater. This program is carried out on the residents of Ngenep Village, Karangploso Malang with the hope of increasing the accessibility of the Ngenep village community and other villages that often pass the road. This program was carried out with data collection and data processing that included observations and interviews with the people of Ngenep Village. It was found that the people of Ngenep Village lacked awareness of their environment and cleanliness, this was compounded by the lack of role of the Village apparatus as Modeling or who gave treatments that could set an example for the Ngenep Village Community. The results of the intervention, especially training and outreach to citizens, showed an increase in motivation to change lifestyles from the inattentive to be more attentive to the environment, this is indicated by the start to maintenance drainage channels.
Self-Care Behaviour Practices and Associated Factors Among Adult Hypertensive Patient in Padang
Authors: Gusty Reni Prima , Merdawati Leni
Published: June 2020

Introduction: Hypertension self-care practice is essential for blood pressure control and reduction of hypertension complications. An Assessment of an individual hypertension self-care behavior may provide clinicians and practitioners with important information regarding how to control hypertension. Objective: The purpose of this study was to assess Hypertension self-care practice and associated factors among patients in public health facilities in Padang. Method: In this cross-sectional study design with proportional random sampling. 260 hypertensive patients. Self-care activities were measured using hypertension self-care activity level effects (H-Scale). Results: The mean age was 60 years old, women (65.8%), unemployed (88.1%), senior high school (47.7%), duration had hypertension for 5-10 years (49.6%). 67.3% normal body mass index, 83.5% nonsmoking, 72.3% had’ not central obesity. There were four components of self-care that had a low level. They were physical activity adherence, using a low salt diet, weight management, and medication adherence. 100% abstinence from alcohol, 73.8% nonsmoking. The results of Chi-square indicated that BMI (p=0.002), central obesity (p = 0,000) were  significantly associated with treatment adherence; there were also a significant association between education (p=0.005), BMI (p=0.002) and central obesity (p=0,000) with diet adherence; the age (p = 0.008), education (p = 0.014) and central obesity (p = 0,000) with adherence to physical activity; sex (p = 0,000), work (p=0,000) and education (p=0.025) with nonsmoking. Discussion: It is crucial to implement a well- designed program to improve hypertension self-care behaviors.
Early Home Care Errors and the Impact on Delay in Hospital for Patients with Coronary Heart Disease
Authors: Rosjidi Cholik Harun
Published: June 2020

Introduction: Heart disease is a major problem in public health lately. Delay in treatment is still a major problem in managing coronary heart disease. Objective: The purpose of this study was to analyze the pre-hospital care of a heart attack and its relationship with the delay to the hospital. Method: The study was conducted at Dr. Hardjono Ponorogo Regency, a representative sample of 108 respondents was taken purposively. The cross-sectional analytic design was conducted to measure the relationship between pre-hospital care and delay to the hospital. Analysis of the chi-square test with α = 0.05 was used to test the association between pre-hospital care and its relationship with the delay in the hospital for coronary heart disease patients. Result: The results of the study illustrate that there were 70.4% of families doing first aid in the wrong category, and there were 73.1% of families late in bringing CHD patients to the hospital. There was a significant relationship between behavior with patient delay to the hospital (p = 0.000). There was a significant relationship between behaviors with patient delay in the hospital. Discussion: The promotion of early signs of heart disease should be focused on the level of the family as well as integrated emergency care services immediately implemented to reduce the delay in coronary heart disease patients to the hospital.
ANALISIS IMPLEMENTASI KONSEP KAFALAH PADA BANK SYARIAH MANDIRI BANDA ACEH: STUDI TERHADAP PENYELESAIAN KONTRA GARANSI SEKTOR KONSTRUKSI
Authors: Hamdani Hamdani
Published: June 2020

The study in general aims to study the procedure of bank guarantee in Bank Syariah Mandiri (BSM) Banda Aceh. In specific, this article analyzes the implementation of kafalah concept in resolving counter-guarantee for construction sector in the BSM. The data was gathered through interview with related parties and documentation study of relevant literatures. The collected data was then analyzed using descriptive analysis which included exposing, interpretation, and analysis. The findings show that in order to be approved for the product, customers are required to provide cash guarantees that cover tender, performance, cash advance, and maintenance with a minimum deposit is 10% of the total required amount of financing. In solving the counter-guarantee for the construction sector, the bank asked customers to immediately pay the shortage funds that has been converted to qardh financing in customersâ€™ consent. In the case of they do not wish to repay or do not accept the conversion, the resolution has to be sought through Badan Arbitrase Syariah as governed by National Sharia Board No.11/DSN-MUI/V/2000. In general, the implementation of kafalah concept in solving the counter-guarantee for construction sector in BSM Banda Aceh has fulfilled shariah compliance especially the maslahah element. It was urgently needed in conducting various economics activities.

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Penelitian ini secara umum bertujuan untuk mengkaji prosedur pemberian bank garansi di Bank Syariâ€™ah Mandiri (BSM) Banda Aceh. Secara khusus, artikel ini menganalisis pengaplikasian konsep kafalah dalam penyelesaian kontra garansi untuk sektor konstruksi pada BSM tersebut. Pengumpulan data dilakukan melalui wawancara dengan pihak-pihak terkait dan studi dokumentasi terhadap bahan-bahan yang relevan dengan bidang penelitian. Data yang terkumpul kemudian dianalisis dengan metode deskriptif analitis dengan cara pemaparan data yang meliputi penguraian, penafsiran dan analisis. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa dalam pemberian garansi di BSM Banda Aceh, nasabah diharuskan untuk memiliki jaminan tender, jaminan pelaksanaan, jaminan uang muka, dan jaminan pemeliharaan dengan setoran minimal sebesar 10% dari nilai jaminan yang diinginkan nasabah. Dalam penyelesaian kontra garansi untuk sektor konstruksi, pihak bank meminta kepada â€˜ashil untuk segera membayar kekurangan dananya yang telah diubah menjadi pembiayaan qardh dengan persetujuan â€™ashil. Apabila pihak â€˜ashil tidak mau mengganti atau tidak menyetujui kekurangan dana tersebut dirubah menjadi pembiayaan qardh maka berdasarkan fatwa DSN No.11/DSN-MUI/V/2000 diselesaikan melalui Badan Arbitrase Syariah. Secara umum, penerapan konsep kafalah dalam penyelesaian kontra garansi sektor konstruksi pada BSM Banda Aceh telah memenuhi unsur-unsur yang dibolehkan dalam ekonomi Islam terutama karena unsur kemaslahatan dan urgensitas dalam melakukan berbagai aktivitas muamalah dan transaksi ekonomi.
ANALISIS PERHITUNGAN ROYALTY FEE FRANCHISE MENURUT KONSEP MUSYARAKAH: STUDI PADA JARIMATIKA DARUSSALAM
Authors: MR Nurjannah , Wahid Nazaruddin A.
Published: June 2020

This study aims to analyze the calculation of royalty fee at a franchise of Jarimatika in Darussalam Banda Aceh from musyarakah perspective and analyze the strategy employed in solving the dispute. Data was gathered through an in-depth interview and documentation study. The results indicated that in general the calculation of royalty fee was based on profit sharing system, where the total revenue minus 15% operating expenses for the franchisor, and the rest is shared 40% for the franchisor and 60% for the franchisee. Although the system seems normal, the determination 15% of operating cost, however, created a problem for the franchisee as the total income received was not cover the regular operational costs. Consequently, the franchisee unable to fulfill its obligation of paying the royalty fees on time. To solve this problem, the franchisor provide an extension for the franchisee to pay the royalty fee. However, during the grace period, the franchisee was not allowed to order the equipment needed to run the operation. As a result, it created another problem for the franchisee as it would not be able to run the operation due to insufficient equipment.

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Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis perhitungan royalty fee pada franchise Jarimatika Darussalam dalam perpektif musyarakah, dan strategi yang digunakan dalam penyelesaian masalah profit sharing di Jarimatika tersebut. Data penelitian dikumpulkan melalui wawancara mendalam dan studi dokumentasi. Data yang terkumpul kemudian dianalisis dengan metode deskriptif analisis. Hasil dari penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa mekanisme perhitungan royalty fee pada Jarimatika Darussalam menggunakan sistem profit sharing, dimana total pendapatan dikurangi beban operasional sebesar 15%, dan sisanya dibagi dua bagian, franchisor 40% dan franchisee 60%. Dalam kenyataannya, penetapan biaya beban operasional yang fix sebesar 15 % ini yang menyebabkan franchisee mengalami kerugian atau defisit pendapatan, karena biaya operasional untuk setiap periode ternyata lebih banyak dari jumlah 15% yang telah ditentukan franchisor. Hal ini menyebabkan franchisee tidak dapat menunaikan kewajibannya untuk membayar royalty fee tepat pada waktunya bahkan macet. Dari kejadian ini kebijakan yang dilakukan pihak franchisor yaitu dengan memberikan waktu tenggang bagi franchisee untuk dapat membayar royalty fee tersebut. Selama masa tenggang tersebut, franchisee tidak dapat memesan perlengkapan yang dibutuhkan sehingga menyebabkan keadaan semakin sulit untuk menjalankan usaha tersebut.
TINGKAT KEBERHASILAN PROGRAM PENDAYAGUNAAN ZAKAT PRODUKTIF PADA BAITUL MAL PROVINSI ACEH
Authors: Nurlaila Nurlaila , Hasnita Nevi
Published: June 2020

This research generally aims to analyze the implementation of zakah productive at Baitul Mal Aceh on the â€˜becak mesinâ€™ and â€˜perdagangan' programs. In specific, it aims to analyze the successful variation between the two programs, and the Baitul Mal evaluation pattern in measuring the accomplishment level of the mustahik (zakah beneficiaries). Data for this study were collected through interviews, observation, questionnaire and documentation study. To analyze the data, it employed the comparative descriptive method which at first exposed the utilization pattern of zakah productive and followed by the comparison between the two programs. The results show that â€™perdaganganâ€™ program relatively receives higher successful rate comparing to the other program. It reveals that in the â€™perdaganganâ€™ program, the mustahik was guided and mentored up to several stages so that the mustahik will completely be able to stand alone. While for the mustahiq of â€™becak mesinâ€™ program, they were just only guided until they were able to pay back the initial loan. Following to the payback, they were completely unsupervised. This study suggests that the Baitul Mal should also provide supervision for the mustahik of â€˜becak mesinâ€™ thoroughly similar to the mustahik of â€˜perdaganganâ€™ program so that the mustahik will also receive similar accomplishment.

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Penelitian ini secara umum bertujuan untuk menganalisis implementasi pendayagunaan zakat produktif pada Baitul Mal Aceh dalam program becak mesin dan perdagangan. Secara khusus penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis perbedaan tingkat keberhasilan antara program becak mesin dan perdagangan serta dan pola evaluasi Baitul Mal dalam mengukur tingkat keberhasilan mustahik. Data dalam penelitian ini dikumpulkan melalui wawancara, observasi, angket dan data dokumentasi. Analisis data menggunakan metode deskriptif komparatif dengan memaparkan terlebih dahulu pola pendayagunaan zakat produktif, selanjutnya dari data yang ada akan dibandingkan untuk melihat program mana yang lebih berhasil dalam implementasinya. Hasil penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa program perdagangan lebih berhasil dibandingkan dengan program becak mesin. Hal ini disebabkan karena pada program perdagangan para mustahik dibina sampai beberapa tahap sehingga para mustahik perdagangan benar-benar mandiri. Sedangkan pada program becak mesin, mustahik hanya dibina sampai mereka melunasi semua setoran harga becak. Setelah becak tersebut lunas dan menjadi milik mustahik, maka mustahik tersebut tidak lagi mendapatkan pembinaan dari pihak Baitul Mal. Penelitian ini menyarakankan agar pihak Baitul Mal dapat meningkatkan pembinaan terhadap mustahik becak mesin, agar mustahik tersebut lebih termotivasi dalam melunasi setoran harga becak dan mereka benar-benar mandiri.
ANALISIS MANAJEMEN RISIKO PEMBIAYAAN MUSYARAKAH PADA BAITUL QIRADH BINA INSAN MANDIRI BANDA ACEH
Authors: Nisak Badratun , Ibrahim Azharsyah
Published: June 2020

Risk management is a set of procedures and methodologies that used to identify, measure, monitor, and control risks that could be aroused from the business of banks. This article aims to analyze the implementation of risk management system at Baitul Qiradh Bina Insan Mandiri and its impact on musharaka financing. The sample for this research is Micro Small Business Group at Kuta Alamâ€™s regency which was financed by the Baitul Qiradh. Data for this research was gathered through interviews, observation, and documentation study. The findings suggest that there were three risk possibilities that could escalate at the financing project, namely business risk, shrinking risk, and character risk. Among these risks, the Baitul Qiradh experiences two of them, which were business and character risks. Therefore, the efforts were made to minimize the risk of Baitul Qiradh Bina Insan Mandiri by applying the 5C concept, namely character, capability, capital, condition, and collateral). ========================================================================================================Manajemen risiko adalah serangkaian prosedur dan metodologi yang digunakan untuk mengidentifikasi, mengukur, memantau, dan mengendalikan risiko yang timbul dari kegiatan usaha bank. Tujuan penelitian adalah untuk menganalisis sistem manajemen risiko yang diimplementasikan pada Baitul Qiradh Bina Insan Mandiri dan dampaknya terhadap kelancaran pembayaran dalam pembiayaan musyarakah. Pembahasan kajian hanya terfokus ke manajemen risiko pembiayaan musyarakah pada kelompok usaha dalam Rumpun Kuta Alam yang dibina oleh Baitul Qiradh Bina Insan Mandiri Banda Aceh. Pengumpulan data dilakukan dengan wawancara, observasi, dan studi dokumentasi. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa dalam melakukan pembiayaan tersebut Baitul Qiradh Bina Insan Mandiri tidak terlepas dari kemungkinan terjadinya 3 aspek risiko, yaitu: risiko bisnis yang dibiayai (busness risk), risiko berkurangnya nilai pembiayaan (shrinking risk), dan risiko karakter buruk mudharib (character risk). Dari ketiga aspek risiko tersebut, risiko pembiayaan musyarakah yang muncul dalam tiga kelompok usaha pada Rumpun Kuta Alam adalah risiko bisnis yang dibiayai (business risk) dan risiko karakter buruk mudharib (character risk). Upaya yang dilakukan untuk meminimalisir risiko tersebut, Baitul Qiradh Bina Insan Mandiri menerapkan secara ketat konsep 5C yaitu karakter (character), kapasitas atau kemampuan (capacity), modal (capital), kondisi (condition) dan jaminan (collateral).
MANAJEMEN RISIKO PEMBIAYAAN QARDHUL HASAN MENURUT PERSPEKTIF EKONOMI ISLAM (STUDI PADA BAITUL QIRADH AMANAH BANDA ACEH)
Authors: Bustami Bustami
Published: June 2020

Qardhul hasan financing aims to help borrowers who have an urgency need, either for consumptive or productive purposes. This study aims to explore the mechanism of qardhul hasan financing at Baitul Qiradh (small Islamic rural bank) Amanah Banda Aceh and the strategic employed in managing its risk. This study used primary data that was obtained through field research and secondary data that was obtained through library research. The data was then analyzed using descriptive analysis technique. The findings show that the mechanism of qardhul hasan financing at Baitul Qiradh Amanah has several stages, namely application, analysis and investigation, decision, fund lending, and returning phase. The strategic used to prevent financing risk as follow: managing financing administrative, determining the terms and criteria, conducting analysis for customer prospective, assigning officers that supervise the financing activities and collect the monthly payments. For non-performing financing, the Baitul Qiradh employs risk management system strategic such as rescheduling and write off. Rescheduling was conducted by extending the payment due date, and write off was only given for customers who do not have any possibility to repay due to their condition of economy.

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Pembiayaan qardhul hasan bertujuan untuk menolong peminjam yang berada dalam keadaan terdesak, baik untuk hal-hal yang bersifat konsumtif maupun produktif. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengeksplorasi mekanisme pembiayaan qardhul hasan pada Baitul Qiradh Amanah dan strategi penanggulangan risikonya. Metode yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah deskriptif analisis, sedangkan teknik pengumpulan data primer diperoleh melalui penelitian lapangan dan data sekunder melalui penelitian kepustakaan. Dari hasil penelitian dapat diketahui bahwa, mekanisme pembiayaan qardhul hasan pada Baitul Qiradh Amanah Banda Aceh memiliki beberapa tahap, yaitu tahap permohonan pembiayaan qardhul hasan, tahap analisis dan penyelidikan pembiayaan qardhul hasan, tahap keputusan atas permohonan pembiayaan qardhul hasan, tahap pencairan pembiayaan qardhul hasan dan tahap pengembalian pembiayaan qardhul hasan. Sedangkan strategi penanggulangan risiko yang dilakukan adalah dengan mengatur administrasi pembiayaan, menentukan syarat dan kriteria yang harus dipenuhi untuk mengajukan permohonan pembiayaan, mengadakan analisa terhadap calon nasabah, menetapkan petugas yang mengawasi penggunaan pembiayaan dan menetapkan petugas penagihan pembiayaan. Terhadap pembiayaan qardhul hasan bermasalah, sistem manajemen risiko, yang diterapkan adalah perpanjangan waktu dengan pengurangan jumlah cicilan agar para nasabah dapat melunasi sedikit demi sedikit seluruh pinjamannya. Cara berikutnya pemutihan yaitu penghapusan piutang setelah dilakukan pengecekan terhadap kondisi usaha nasabah.
PENGARUH BI RATE TERHADAP PERSENTASE BAGI HASIL PEMBIAYAAN MUSYARAKAH PADA BANK ACEH SYARIAH BANDA ACEH
Authors: Elkamiliati Elkamiliati , Ibrahim Azharsyah
Published: June 2020

This research aims to find answers to two principal issues, namely 1) the utilization of the BI Rate (Indonesian Central Bankâ€™s Monetary Rate) as a condition of the Central Bank in the determination of sharing rates of Musharakah financing, and 2) the Islamic perspective on the determination of the sharing rate using BI Rateâ€™s as a consideration. This research was conducted at Syariah branch of Bank Aceh in Banda Aceh. This study utilized correlational approach and the data was analyzed using descriptive analysis method. The results show that BI rate did not significantly influence the sharing percentage of Musharakah financing as the BI rate just served as a benchmark price for the banks in observing the market price rather than determining the sharing percentage for the financing. In addition, the determination of the sharing percentage for Musharakah financing at the Syariah branch of Bank Aceh has fulfilled the Islamic compliance and followed the fatwa of National Islamic Council (DSN) No: 08/DSN-MUI/IV/2000, on the Musharakah financing and also Fatwa No: 15/DSN-MUI/2000 on the principle of profit and loss sharing for Islamic financial institutions.

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Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mencari jawaban dua persoalan pokok, yaitu 1) penggunaan BI Rate sebagai ketentuan Bank Sentral dalam penentuan tingkat bagi hasil pembiayaan musyarakah dan 2) tinjauan hukum Islam terhadap penentuan persentase bagi hasil dengan pertimbangan BI Rate yang sedang berlaku. Penelitian ini dilakukan pada Bank Aceh Cabang Syariah Banda Aceh. Metode yang dipakai adalah metode korelasional dengan menggunakan deskriptif analisis yaitu dengan memaparkan hasil penelitian. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa persentase bagi hasil pembiayaan musyarakah pada Bank Aceh Syariah dan pengaruh BI Rate ternyata tidak signifikan karena BI rate di sini hanya berfungsi sebagai takaran atau patokan perbankan syariah dalam melihat harga nilai/jual yang sedang berlaku di pasar ekonomi bukan dalam menentukan persentase bagi hasil. Selain itu juga penentuan persentase bagi hasil pembiayaan musyarakah pada Bank Aceh Syariah telah sesuai dengan tinjauan hukum Islam ini diperkuat dengan adanya fatwa Dewan Syariah Nasional (DSN) No: 08/DSN-MUI/IV/2000, tentang pembiayaan musyarakah dan juga fatwa DSN yang menetapkan tentang Revenue Sharing adalah fatwa NO: 15/DSN-MUI/2000 tentang prinsip distribusi bagi hasil dalam lembaga keuangan syariah.
ANALISIS EKONOMI ISLAM TERHADAP JUAL BELI PADI SAWAH DI KECAMATAN MANGGENG ACEH SELATAN
Authors: Yuna Nurul Mirda
Published: June 2020

This study aims to analyze the practice of buying and selling of rice paddy after plantation but before harvesting in Paya Manggeng Village, Aceh Selatan District from an Islamic economics perspective. Data for this study utilized both primary and secondary which was gathered through interviews, observation, and study of documentation. The data was then analyzed using the descriptive analysis method. The results showed that the practice of buying and selling rice in that area involved the elements of gharar, especially on the selling objects, which was the rice. The object was usually sold when it had just been planted while the result could not yet be assured its satisfaction. In the context of Islamic economic, this mode of selling is not allowed because it involves occult objects. This was based on the opinion of Imam Al-Shafi'i and supported by Imam Nawawi. According to them, the selling is allowed on the condition that the seller has clearly mentioned the criteria of his objects. Therefore, it can be guaranteed that the criteria of the object will not be changed until the contract is signed.

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Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis praktik jual beli padi sawah setelah ditanam dan belum panen yang terjadi di Desa Paya Kecamatan Manggeng, Aceh Selatan dalam perspektif ekonomi Islam. Data yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah data primer dan sekunder melalui wawancara, observasi dan studi dokumentasi. Data tersebut kemudian dianalisis menggunakan metode deskriptif analisis. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa praktik jual beli padi sawah ini terdapat unsur gharar, terutama pada objek yang diperjualbelikan, yaitu padi. Padi yang dijadikan objek diperjualbelikan ketika baru terlihat batangnya saja sehingga belum bisa dipastikan dapat memberi hasil panen sesuai keinginan. Dalam konteks ekonomi Islam, jual beli dengan model seperti ini tidak dibolehkan karena masuk kepada kriteria jual beli benda yang gaib. Hal ini sesuai pendapat Imam Syafiâ€™i dan juga Imam Nawawi, dimana gharar adalah unsur akad yang dilarang dalam syariâ€™at Islam, kecuali jual beli gaib dengan menyebutkan sifat-sifat bendanya secara jelas sehingga dapat dijamin tidak akan terjadi perubahan terhadap sifat benda tersebut sampai berlangsungnya akad.