bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Cianjur Earthquake- Roles of Social Media and the Distribution of Sciences
Authors: Rudyawan A , Pamumpuni A , Puspaningrum M R , Gunawan I , Sapiie B , Handayani A P , Abdurrachman M
Published: October 2023

A magnitude 5.2 earthquake hit Cianjur Regency, West Java, Indonesia on November 21, 2022, killing more than 300 people, leaving many more missing, and damaging more than 60,000 houses which caused thousands of people to be displaced from their homes. Significant seismic activity was recognized in 1699, 1834, 1879, and 1900 near Cianjur in West Java. The news quickly hit social media, with some responding in group chats, feeds, reels, and literature reviews shared via other social media claiming that the Cimandiri Fault had caused the event. Moreover, discussions were featured in webinars and on national television. However, this information was based solely on limited information and prior knowledge of the area without further analysis of the actual data.

New satellite data was uploaded via social media a few days later. This update soon reduced online discussion about the Cimandiri Fault. There was further evidence of a previously buried fault between the Cimandiri Fault and the Gede Pangrango Range, 12 km north of the estimated location of the Cimandiri Fault. Our field observations indicate that this fault caused most of the rupture in this region.

Socially, the earthquake event also caused immediate problems in the local community. There have been incidents of earthquake survivors, donors, and people taking advantage of the situation. Blockades were everywhere, and those claiming to be survivors demanded that oncoming donation fleets be stopped, and all donations abandoned. These incidents have hampered efforts to distribute aid to the most remote areas. As a result, survivors who had taken refuge far from major logistical lines were left stranded. Heartless selfies and video content created in the face of grieving communities are everywhere and create a rift between survivors and donors.

The recent Cianjur earthquake has taught us how important it is to understand the geological phenomena behind our homes and the effect of information and misinformation via social media. While social media serves as a valuable tool for rapid information dissemination during disasters, verifying information from reliable sources and encouraging responsible usage of social media platforms is essential. Effective filtering of information becomes pivotal to combat misinformation in developing more resilient communities, safeguarding lives, and minimising the impact of the disaster.
Utilization of By-Products and Waste GGBFS Materials from Steel Processing Industry to Produce Sustainable Green Pervious Concrete in Indonesia
Authors: Kusumaningrum Patria , Risnan Muhammad
Published: October 2023

Pervious concrete is a reliable solution for environmentally friendly concrete pavements, especially for densely populated urban areas. Some of the benefits of pervious concrete to the environment are mainly increasing the absorption of water into the soil, so that it can quickly purify rainwater runoff, recharge groundwater, reduce rainwater runoff, and when combined with well-designed drainage system it can minimize the potential of flooding. The uniqueness of this concrete is that it uses few or no fine aggregate at all, with the main composition consisting of coarse aggregate, binder (cementitious/pozzolanic materials), water and admixture. The development of pervious concrete with steel slag as raw material as coarse aggregate and Ground Granulated Blast Furnace Slag (GGBFS) as a partial replacement for cement is carried out to address environmental problems caused by impervious pavement that is commonly used in urban areas, as well as to increase the added value of material by-products of the steel processing industry. The aim of this research is to obtain a pervious concrete mixture with an optimum compressive strength and porosity utilizing locally available by-products and waste materials from steel processing industry to produce a more sustainable construction material. Evaluation based on the experimental results shows that the specimen with well graded or blended-size of steel slag coarse aggregates, with a maximum of 10% steel slag fine aggregate, and GGBFS as 32% cement substitute material (CSM) is found to be an optimized mixture in achieving high compressive strength of 20.24 MPa at which both density and porosity values complying ACI 522R-10.
Review of morphological changes of Anak Krakatau before and after 2018 eruption using Aerial photogrammetry
Authors: Banggur Wilfridus F S , Pratama Aditya , Ismail Taufik , Nurfiani Dini , Prayoga Ardy Setya , Kartadinata M N , Syahbana Devy Kamil , Mardiono Deni , Bani Philipson
Published: October 2023

We carried out drones photogrammetry on Anak Krakatau in 2013, 2019, 2020 and 2021. Changes in the morphology of Anak Krakatau occurred so quickly as its volcanic activity never stopped. Its pyroclastic cone in 2013 reached a height of 334 meters with a coastline circumference of 6.8 km. The circumference of the pyroclastic cone calculated from the traces of the old crater wall has a volume of 31971 m3. During the 2018 eruption, a large part of the cone was pulverised, resulting in a large crater of 400 m in diameter. Paradoxically, while the top of the volcano has dropped to 156 m, the island-volcano has grown relatively large, with an additional circumference of 7.2 km. The body of Anak Karakatu has experienced an addition to the coastline, especially on the South, East and North sides. This happened due to the eruption and tsunami accompanied by avalanches during the December 2018 eruption. During the 2020 and 2021 eruption periods, the coastline has not changed. This period was marked by the growth of a pyroclastic cone in the crater that had formed previously during the 2019 eruption. The pyroclastic cone was opened to the southwest by lava flows that flowed westward as far as 600 meters.
Significant Precipitation Anomalies over Indonesia in the Aftermath of iod Events
Authors: Nasution Chairul Nazli , Fajary Faiz Rohman , Abdillah Muhammad Rais , Kartadikaria Aditya Rakhmat
Published: October 2023

Indian Ocean Dipole (IOD) is one of the prominent climate phenomena affecting Indonesia. The well-documented impacts of IOD are dry and wet anomalies during positive and negative IOD events, respectively, which are clearly detected during the development and mature phases of IOD in the boreal summer to autumn (June-November). IOD impacts on other seasons were questionable because of unclear associated signals. Here, we find significant precipitation anomalies in the aftermath of IOD events, which reach a peak in the following spring (March-May). The delayed pattern is distinctive with the typical impact of IOD. During positive IOD, the quick recovery and warming of IOD-induced sea surface temperature (SST) in the eastern Indian Ocean due to increasing shortwave radiation is suggested to play a role. When the influence of El Niño-Southern Oscillation (ENSO) is linearly removed, the aftermath impacts of IOD in the western regions appear to be suppressed because of weaker positive (SST) anomalies. While the eastern regions show anomalous increase on precipitation due to anomalous increase of convergence. This finding reveals the complex impacts of IOD and ENSO and may benefit to developing a better seasonal forecast over Indonesia.
Prediction of Convective Available Potential Energy and Equivalent Potential Temperature using a Coupled WRF and Deep Learning for Typhoon Identification
Authors: Tamamadin Mamad , Lee Changkye , Kee Seong-Hoon , Yee Jurng-Jae
Published: October 2023

To predict typhoons in the western North Pacific Ocean, it is required to predict the determinants of typhoon activities. The formation of the typhoon can be controlled by Convective Available Potential Energy (CAPE) and Equivalent Potential Temperature (theta-e). To predict the variables, a mesoscale numerical model of Weather Research and Forecasting (WRF) can be used. However, the output of WRF needs to improve to obtain a more accurate CAPE and theta-e prediction. This study uses a coupled WRF model and Deep Learning (DL) Multilayer Perceptron Regressor approach to increase CAPE and theta-e prediction skills. Simulation with dataset scenarios with WRF outputs as predictors and sounding data as predictors are developed and tested to obtain the most appropriate package of deep learning simulation. The study found that coupled models provide increased mean accuracy of theta-e and CAPE, namely 16.6% and 32.0% higher than using original WRF, respectively. This study also shows the difference of skill scores in the spatial distribution of CAPE and theta-e of WRF result and its coupled model.
Correlation Analysis of GNSS-Derived Precipitable Water Vapor (PWV) with Rainfall Data in Indonesia
Authors: Barbarosa Azhari , Wijaya Dudy D , Tanuwijaya Zamzam A J , Putri Nabila S E , Kuntjoro Wedyanto
Published: October 2023

GNSS (Global Navigation Satellite Systems) have become an important tool for various activities related to positioning, such as navigation, construction projects, and deformation measurement. Additionally, GNSS can also estimate Precipitable Vapor Vapor (PWV) for meteorological purposes. PWV is a measure of atmospheric water vapor, which can eventually precipitate as rain. Since Indonesia’s climate is mainly characterized by the change in rainfall, monitoring precipitation is a crucial step in understanding its pattern. In this study, we aim to analyze the correlation between PWV and rainfall in Indonesia. We used GNSS observations from the InaCORS network across Indonesia, as well as rainfall data from GSMaP at the InaCORS stations in 2019 from 1st January to 31st December. Both of these data are normalized every five days (pentad days) and compared to each other to obtain the Pearson’s correlation coefficients. From these results, we generated a heatmap of the Pearson’s correlation coefficients between pentad PWV and rainfall at InaCORS locations in Indonesia, with the highest correlation of 0.753819 in Garut Regency and the lowest correlation of 0.090146 in Fakfak Regency. Moreover, we also analyzed the timeseries of PWV and rainfall comparison at several sampling stations. From the results we found, PWV and rainfall correlate each other in positive way. Southern regions of Indonesia have higher correlation compared to northern regions of Indonesia.
Coastline Change using Time Series Satellite Images in the North Coast of Java: Study Case Indramayu Regency, West Java, Indonesia
Authors: Fauzunora Erva Aulia , Saepuloh Asep , Tarya Ayi
Published: October 2023

Coastal areas have continuous change due to the interaction between sea and land, which generally causes abrasion and accretion. Indramayu Regency has a coastline of around 147 km. Indramayu Coastal has the characteristics of a sandy beach with a dominant abrasion process triggered by digging beach sand and changes in the function of mangrove land into ponds. We applied remote sensing observation to obtain coastline data on a regular basis. Currently, satellite images support the availability of Landsat data in a relatively short time and cover a wide area. Landsat imagery has been used in the last ten years to detect coastline changes in study areas based on the BILKO and Digital Shoreline Analysis System (DSAS) methods. Abrasion in 2012 – 2022 covers an area of 805.71 ha and accretion covers an area of 941.63 ha. The widest abrasion is in Pasekan with an area of 266,451 ha. The abrasion process in Pasekan is very high due to the influence of high currents and waves from the sea, and the accretion process in Cantigi is very high due to the high supply from the Cimanuk River and the many mangroves that collect sediment that enters the sea.
Study of Driving Force and Surface Current Patterns in Labuan Bajo from High Frequency Radar data from October to December 2018
Authors: Baharsyah Y , Hakim A R , Ramdhani A , Rachmayani R
Published: October 2023

Surface ocean current data in Labuan Bajo from October to December 2018 for determine the characteristics of the surface current and identify the influence of wind and tides in generating surface current. The current data set is derived from measurements of high frequency (HF) radar, which operates on the electromagnetic wave spectrum at high frequency or short wave. Method of data analysis by processing surface current velocity and direction of the zonal and meridional into spatial and temporal graphs. The result showed the average current speed in October was 0.13 m/s, the average current speed in November was 0.12 m/s, and the average current speed in December was 0.09 m/s. The empirical orthogonal function (EOF) Mode 1 has a variance of 56.2% because of the tides, Mode 2 has a variance of 26.6% because of bi-weekly variability, and Mode 3 has a variance of 17.2% because of the intra-seasonal period. This shows that tides have a greater influence on the study region than any other driving force. These results are intended to be useful to the public, particularly in terms of sustainable coastal marine management in Labuan Bajo. Especially in terms of preventing boat accidents caused by ocean currents.
Determination of Indonesia’s Marine Deflection of Vertical from Multi-Mission Altimetry Satellite Data
Authors: Fauzan Ahmad , Wijaya Dudy Darmawan , Nurzaman Fathin , Khadami Faruq , Park Hansan
Published: October 2023

The deflection of vertical (DOV) is important for studying the changes in the Earth’s mass, improving the accuracy of geoid models, and the accuracy of the Earth’s gravity field. Compared to traditional methods such as astrogeodesy and astrogravimetry measurements, altimetry satellites have the advantage of observing DOV due to uniform global distribution, denser measurement points, consistent precision, less time required, high temporal resolution, and can be used in all weather conditions. In this study, multi-mission altimetry satellites including TOPEX/Poseidon, Jason-1, Jason-2, Jason-3, ENVISAT, Geosat Follow On (GFO), Sentinel-3A, Sentinel-3B, Sentinel-6A, Cryosat-2, and SARAL were used to determine DOV in Indonesia’s marine with a spatial resolution of 1’ x 1’. The Hwang et al. (1998) method is used to calculate DOV from satellite altimetry data by least-squares adjustment with weights using the second-order inverse distance weighting (IDW) method for each grid. The results show that the variance of the north-south and west-east components resulting from the gridding results are 0.05 arcseconds and 1.2 arcseconds. The evaluation results with the global model from EGM2008 show that the standard deviation values for the north-south and west-east components are 0.63 arcseconds and 1.96 arcseconds, respectively. From the evaluation, it can be concluded that the gridded DOV model is close to EGM2008, but there are still challenges for improvement, especially for the west-east DOV component.
Coastline Change Analysis using Landsat-8 on Rebana Metropolitan Area, West Java
Authors: Welly Tri Kies , Windupranata Wiwin
Published: October 2023

The Rebana metropolitan area is an industrial area development covering Cirebon-Patimban-Kertajati to support accelerated economic growth, especially in the West Java region. In order to minimize failures in supporting the development targets of the Rebana metropolitan area, it is necessary to carry out spatial planning with consideration of the hazard aspects in the development area. One of the aspects that need to be studied further is the dynamics of the coastal area such as coastline changes that occur due to erosion or sedimentation. Analysis of erosion and sedimentation is essential for further studies to be carried out regarding the factors that cause erosion and sedimentation and how to protect and prevent them in the future. This research utilizes remote sensing techniques and integrated geographic information systems (GIS) to identify coastline changes from 2017-2022 in the coastal areas of Subang, Indramayu, and Cirebon districts which are included in the Rebana metropolitan area. In this study, Landsat-8 satellite imagery is used to identify and quantify Spatio-temporal changes that occur in the coastal area of the Rebana metropolitan area in 6 years. The Normalized Difference Wetness Index (NDWI) algorithm is used to separate wet and dry objects which are interpreted as bodies of water and land. Thresholding the results of the NDWI algorithm along with the on-screen digitization approach was carried out for coastline extraction. The calculation of coastline changes is carried out using the Digital Shoreline Analysis System (DSAS) so that the rate of change of coastline in the study area is obtained. During the study period, the results showed that the average erosion rate in the Rebana metropolitan area was -3.66 m/year and the average sedimentation rate was +6.28 m/year, where the greatest erosion rate occurred in Kapetakan sub-district, Cirebon Regency with an average rate -7.63 m/year, and the greatest sedimentation rate occurs in Pusakanagara sub-district, Subang Regency with an average rate +24.64 m/year. Karangampel Sub-district in Indramayu Regency has 79.89%, the widest erosion area of its total coastline length, and Balongan Subdistrict, Indramayu Regency has the widest sedimentation, 91.37% of the total coastline length. The land use that is most affected by erosion and accretion in the coastal area of the Rebana metropolitan area is fishpond.
Estimation of Shoreline Changes of Can Thanh Townlet and Long Hoa Commune in Hochiminh City
Authors: Ha T C , Nguyen T P C
Published: October 2023

Can Gio is considered as the “green lung” of Ho Chi Minh City with the mangrove ecosystem with many investment projects as well as livelihood models associated with the strength of mangrove forest. Currently, in Long Hoa commune and Can Thanh town, the “Can Gio sea encroachment project” is being implemented with the goal of creating an urban area of sea encroachment tourism, resort and business tourism with events, conferences and seminars. In the process of construction, infrastructure expansion, service development and dense population concentration, it is inevitable that the shoreline change processes will be affected, especially within these two coastal areas. This study presents a method of using the integrated DSAS tool in ArcGIS together with Sentinel 2A image data to assess the shoreline change of Long Hoa commune and Can Thanh town from 2015 to 2022. By extraction shoreline through the MNDWI index, the results show that the process of accretion and erosion were intertwined, except for the sections of the shore that have been reinforced with sea dykes. It is evident that in the land at Dong Tranh Cape, southwest of Long Hoa commune and northeast of Can Thanh townlet, the process of erosion is taking place, while in the southwest, the process of accretion is predominant. The results of this study can be considered as a reference for coastal development in Can Gio sea area in the present and in the future.
Single-use Plastics: Legal Perceptions and Self-Reported Behavior in Vietnam
Authors: Ngoc P T B , Phuong V B , Nghia L H
Published: October 2023

Plastic pollution has become a serious global threat to ecosystems, human health, and economies, particularly in countries with coastlines such as Vietnam. The 3R approach (reduce, reuse, recycle) has been recognized as an important strategy to minimize plastic waste and reduce the risk of plastic entering the ocean. However, changing single-use plastic consumption habits is a great challenge that requires awareness, education and action. This study uses mixed methods, including a survey and semi-structured interviews, to explore: 1) Single-use plastic consumption and 3R behaviors of Vietnamese people; 2) How they perceive the current environmental regulation enforcement; and 3) How they perceive the role of stakeholders in the plastic problem. A self-nominated sample of 202 participants residing in Hoi An City, Ha Noi Capital and Ho Chi Minh City responded to the survey, and in-depth interviews were conducted with ten key informants (including workers from the public and private institutions, citizens and researchers). The results suggest that the convenience, affordability, availability and durability of plastics are the drivers of consumption, while legal bans, health and environmental concerns are motivators of reduction. For 3R behaviors, the participants reported the highest level of recycling, followed by reducing and reusing, acknowledging the help of Vietnamese traditional habits such as selling “ve chai” (recyclables) and using “cặp lồng” (inox food containers) for their 3R behaviors. Finally, the participants observed that penalties for plastic littering are low and too leniently enforced, especially for businesses. They also believed that stakeholders, including businesses, governments, and consumers are the main actors in tackling the single-use plastic waste problem. This study provides some recommendations based on these findings.
Con Dao’s Positional Resources: Potential and Orientation in Value Promotion
Authors: Nguyet N T A , Bau N V
Published: October 2023

Con Dao is an archipelago off the coast of Ba Ria - Vung Tau province, in the southeast Vietnam, including 16 islands with a total area of 72.81 km2. Through surveys and various secondary sources, the article focuses on analyzing the geo-natural, geo-political and geo-economic resources of Con Dao, thereby proposing the solutions to promote the position resources of Con Dao for sustainable economic development. Results indicate that topography, geology, and ecological landscape have created a great value for Con Dao in terms of geo-natural resources and favorable habitat for living species and humans. Regarding the value of geo-political position, as a protruding archipelago located at the crossroads of international sea routes, the intersection point of two maritime routes from South to North Asia and the maritime route from West to East and vice versa, and the gateway of Vietnam with ASEAN countries, Con Dao plays an important role in the protection of Vietnam’s past and current national rights and interests in the sea. In terms of the value of geo-economic position, Con Dao belongs to a district-level administrative unit in Ba Ria - Vung Tau province as a prioritized position for the development of the sea-island economy of the country. With the rich and diverse natural resources, human resources, healthy environment, and location in an important position on international trade routes, Con Dao is a favorable area for the development of marine economic sectors such as fisheries, marine conservation and tourism along with other types of services. However, in reality, the enhancement of the position resources of Con Dao for economic development is still limited, inconsistent and unsustainable.
Evaluation of site selections for solid waste landfill by using GIS in Phu Quoc island, Kien Giang province, Vietnam.
Authors: Huan V D , Ngoc P T B
Published: October 2023

Selecting the location for domestic waste disposal and waste treatment plant is a crucial issue as it directs impacts on health-related, social and environmental factors. One of the effective tools for solving this problem is Geographic Information System (GIS) which employs Multi-Criteria Analysis (MCA). This research aims to identify the optimal locations to evaluate the existing solid waste landfill site and waste treatment plant for land use planning in Phu Quoc island in Kien Giang province for reducing the plastic waste leaking into the ocean. The island is categorized as the urban at small scale with population of 100,000 to 500,000; construction of waste treatment facilities (middle scale) with the capacity of 500 tons per day is now planned. These contents of this study are the new contributions to the methodology for data processing and data collection. The main research methods were applied to geo-spatial data collection derived from maps, satellite imagery, and existing local land use planning information. The criteria for site selections for solid waste landfill were chosen under Vietnamese construction standards and Ministry of Natural Resources and Environment, Ministry of Construction, international regulation, and the provincial policy. Then Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP) and GIS processes were based on 9 main factors such as (1) distance to an urban area, (2) distance to a rural village, (3) distance to the water surface, (4) distance to roads, (5) distance to electrical supply stations, (6) distance to industrial zones, (7) distance to waste disposal, (8) compliance with the local land use planning, and (9) agreement for approval for site locations for solid waste landfill from the local community. National standard requirements for waste landfill site selection are adjusted to meet the local context. The updated land use data source is applied, and the recommendation for the suitability of the waste landfill sites is formulated. Study results showed that there are four potential sites located in Cua Can, Bai Thom, and Ham Ninh communes with a total area of 84.5 hectares. These areas are identified to be very suitable for solid waste landfill locations and location of waste treatment plants; and corresponding to the land use planning of the local government. The results of the study also recommend policies and solutions for environmental management in the coastal area of Phu Quoc island.
An Experimental Investigation of Surface Quality in Single Point Incremental Forming of Cu-Al Composite Sheets
Authors: Pambhar Ankitkumar C , Valaki Janak B
Published: October 2023

Single-point incremental forming (SPIF) has been developed as a customized substitute of traditional sheet metal forming techniques. SPIF is a great method for rapidly prototyping sheet metal objects, although it faces challenges in achieving surface quality and thickness distribution. In this investigation, sheets of Cu-Al bimetallic composite were formed utilizing a hemispherical-headed tool with a variety of step depths, spindle speeds, forming speeds, layer arrangements, and lubrication types. Surface roughness and minimum thickness were evaluated as response parameters in relation to the significance of process variables. The best surface quality was attained with 0.4 mm step depth, 750 mm/min forming speed, and 1500 rpm spindle speed with liquid lubrication support for both types of layer arrangements. Layer arrangement and lubricant type were the decisive factors for the minimum thickness response parameters.
The DFT study of thermoelectric properties of CuInS2: A first principle approach
Authors: Giri Ranjan Kr. , Solanki Mitesh B. , Chaki Sunil H. , Deshpande Milind P.
Published: October 2023

The generalised gradient approximation (GGA) and ultrasoft pseudopotential (US PP) methods to the function of Perdew-Burke-Ernzerhof (PBE) approach are utilised for density functional computation of CuInS2. It enables the prediction of thermoelectric characteristics, including Seebeck coefficient, thermal conductivity, electrical conductivity, magnetic susceptibility, specific heat, power factor and figure of merit by semi-classical Boltzmann approach. At 800 K, the highest magnitude of Seebeck coefficient is estimated as 6.91× 10-5 V·K-1. The maximum figure of merit (zT) is predicted as 1.04 × 10-4 at 800 K. Findings from this study suggest that CuInS2 has prospective to be used in the thermoelectric power generating sector.
Antibacterial Activity of Green Synthesized Silver Nanoparticle using Banana Flower Extract
Authors: Francis Kajal , Achutha S , Pushpa Barakala , Ramya K
Published: October 2023

In recent years, due to unique physical and chemical properties of nanoparticles, its uses to disrupt biofilm of bacteria are revolutionary steps in antimicrobial research. To use in bioprocess the silver nanoparticles should be biocompatible and free from toxic chemicals. In the present study we report a cost effective and environment friendly route for green synthesis of silver nanoparticles using banana flower extract (BFE) as reducing as well as capping agent. This plant has been opted for the present study for its known medicinal properties and it is easily available. The biosynthesized silver nanoparticles are characterized by UV–Vis spectroscopy which showed a broad peak at around 450 nm, indicated the stability of synthesized silver nanoparticles. Antimicrobial potential of silver nanoparticles synthesized were tested against both Gram positive and Gram-negative bacteria. It was found to be effective against both of them and it showed maximum activity against Gram positive bacteria S. aureus. Silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) have been imposed as an excellent antimicrobial agent being able to combat bacteria in vitro and in vivo causing infections. The results show green synthesized silver nanoparticles, using BFE extract, have a potential to inhibit the growth of bacteria.
Physical and electrical properties of Sm2O3 doped Boro-Zinc-Vanadate glasses
Authors: Devidas Ashwini , Sankarappa T , Malge Amarkumar , Heerasingh Mohansingh , Raghavedra B , Pallavi Jamadar , Dyama Arvind
Published: October 2023

Sm2O3 doped boro-zinc-vanadate glass systems were synthesised by following the melt quenching method. XRD patterns indicated largely non-crystalline nature with few nano-crystallites. Room temperature density was measured. Molar volume and various polaron parameters were estimated. Density and molar volume are found to vary non-linearly with samarium concentration. Conductivity has been measured by two probe technique for temperature range 303K - 573K. High temperature conductivity obeyed the small polaron hopping (SPH) theory. Activation energy for conduction in the temperature regime of small polaron theory is found to vary from 0.249 eV to 0.368 eV non-linearly with Sm2O3 concentration. The conductivity data at low temperature deviated has been looked into using Mott’s VRH model and the density of states at Fermi level were determined. Shimakawa’s multiphonon tunnelling model has also been applied to the low temperature conductivity and found linearity between logarithmic conductivity, ln(σ) and logarithmic temperature ln(T) as predicted by the model. The temperature exponent values obtained from Shimakawa’s model fit are found to be in good agreement with literature. Therefore, it is concluded that at low temperature, carrier multiphonon tunnelling is the charge transport mechanism in the present glasses.
Synthesis and characterization of graphene via electrochemical exfoliation technique and study its electrochemical properties
Authors: Kumar S R , Anurag Kumar
Published: October 2023

In this study, we present a one-pot approach for the large-scale synthesis of multilayer to few-layer graphene nanosheets in an aqueous medium that is cost-effective, environmentally friendly, high-yielding, and simple. This electrochemical exfoliation method produces low defect and high yield graphene nanosheet products and is more efficient than chemical exfoliation methods. Two highly oriented pyrolytic graphite plates (HOPG) are utilized as the anode and cathode in this method, which also incorporates two electrode geometry configurations. XRD, HRTEM, AFM, XPS, and Raman spectroscopy are used to describe graphene nano-sheets. Raman characterization supports graphene’s inherent qualities. By using cyclic voltammetry, the electrochemical performance of the produced nano-sheets is evaluated.
PLC-based Automated Aqua-Hydroponics System
Authors: Selvalakshmi S , Bharath Singh J , Priyadharshini S , Sushmitha S
Published: October 2023

Aquaponics refers to the growth of fish and plants in a single platform. As the demand for land increases due to urbanization, the growing of crops and other vegetables with less soil area is needed. Growing plants and aquatic animals in the same environment will save the usage of soil and the consumption of water levels will also be minimized. To automate the Aquaponics environment and to monitor the plant growth from the seed level to the fruiting level, a system is designed. This proposed method will help the user to monitor the water quality parameters like pH, humidity, and temperature and intimates the user about the current level, and alarms the user for any overshooting. The proposed system is designed, fabricated, and tested in laboratory conditions. The plant growth is monitored from the starting seed stage to the final fruiting stage. The essential nutrients required for plant growth are monitored and the discrepancy is satisfied accordingly. The bacteria and the microorganisms present in the soil decompose the plant waste into food that aquatic animals consume. The remains and excreta of the aquatic animals are sediments and given to plants as nutrition. Due to proper plumbing, water consumption is reduced. Different plants require different nutrient levels for their growth. The nutrient levels are listed and the test values are loaded into the microprocessor according to the plant selected. Here spinach is selected. The pH level, temperature level, and humidity levels of the soil and the water are monitored and the values are updated to the user using the web interface. From the web page, the user can get the parameter values and a comparison can be made accordingly.
Experimental Studies on Bagasse Ash-Based Self-Compacting Alkali Activated Slag Concrete
Authors: Nidhi K , Manjunath R , Pruthvi Raj S , Prashanth M.H
Published: October 2023

In the present study, an attempt was made to develop Self Compacting Alkali Activated Slag Concrete mixes incorporating Bagasse Ash as binder content. This study investigates the physical and mechanical properties of Bagasse Ash based Self Compacting Alkali Activated Slag Concrete (BSAASC) with varying proportions of Bagasse Ash. Lime and GGBS (Ground Granulated Blast Furnace Slag) are used along with Bagasse Ash as binder materials in the BSAASC. The total binder content was restricted to 600kg/m3 containing Bagasse Ash at 10%, 20% and 30% of total binder content. The solution-to-binder ratio was 0.6. the dosage of Na2O was varied by 5%, 6% and 7%. The molarity of the alkaline solution is 1M. By using Minitab Statistical Software nine mixes were produced with 3 factors and 3 levels. The analysis was done by Desirability Function Approach (DFA) to check the effectiveness of the considered factors. The workability tests for properties of concrete samples are carried out according to EFNARC guidelines. Microstructural studies such as SEM, EDX and XRD analysis were also carried out, showing denser morphologies indicating effective activation of slag by the alkaline solution.
A Single Plane Low profile Patch Antenna π-Shaped Slots and Low Side Lobe Level for Directive Wireless Communications
Authors: Nafea Safa N.
Published: October 2023

The patch antenna was used recently for ISM band (5.725 – 5.875) GHz, the patch antenna suffers of being an antenna with low gain as well as narrow operating bandwidth with high side lobe level (SSL) radiation pattern. A single plane with low profile and easy fabrication microstrip patch antenna has been proposed in this work was presented for directive communications and operates in Industrial, Scientific, and Medical (ISM) band 5.8 GHz with low SLL radiation pattern and gain of 5.20 dB for pint to point (directive). The gain of antenna has been increased while SLL decreased due to shifting the radiating patch and feeder of antenna with specific distance toward –ve side of the X-axis without any need for using techniques which would increase overall dimensions of antenna. The antenna has been printed on Arlon AD 250 substrate. The simulated results of antenna’s gain, operating frequency, bandwidth, return loss, and radiation pattern are presented. CST Microwave studio software was used in this design simulation.
Nonlinear optical properties of methyl green investigated by the femtosecond Z-scan technique
Authors: Ling Fengzi , Qiu Jiyun , Hu Zhe , Luo Zhigao , Liu Dejun , Wang Pengfei
Published: October 2023

The third-order optical nonlinearities of methyl green in aqueous solution are studied by the Z-scan technique using a femtosecond laser at 800 nm. The valley shape in the open aperture measurements reveals the presence of reverse saturable absorption effect, which is ascribed to the three-photon absorption process. The closed aperture Z-scan traces demonstrate a negative sign for the nonlinear refractive coefficient, indicating the self-defocusing optical nonlinearity. Furthermore, the magnitudes of the nonlinear refractive index n
2, the three-photon absorption coefficient α
3, and the real part of the third-order nonlinear optical susceptibility Re χ
(3) are determined and found to be linearly proportional to the dye concentration within the investigated range. Our results suggest that methyl green may be a hopeful candidate for applications in nonlinear optics.
Minimization of differential equations and algebraic values of 𝐸-functions
Authors: Bostan Alin , Rivoal Tanguy , Salvy Bruno
Published: October 2023

A power series being given as the solution of a linear differential equation with appropriate initial conditions, minimization consists in finding a non-trivial linear differential equation of minimal order having this power series as a solution. This problem exists in both homogeneous and inhomogeneous variants; it is distinct from, but related to, the classical problem of factorization of differential operators. Recently, minimization has found applications in Transcendental Number Theory, more specifically in the computation of non-zero algebraic points where Siegel’s

E
E

-functions take algebraic values. We present algorithms and implementations for these questions, and discuss examples and experiments.
On the contraction properties for weak solutions to linear elliptic equations with 𝐿²-drifts of negative divergence
Authors: Lee Haesung
Published: October 2023

We show the existence and uniqueness as well as boundedness of weak solutions to linear elliptic equations with

L
2

L^2

-drifts of negative divergence and singular zero-order terms which are positive. Our main target is to show the

L
r

L^r

-contraction properties of the unique weak solutions. Indeed, using the Dirichlet form theory, we construct a sub-Markovian

C
0

C_0

-resolvent of contractions and identify it to the weak solutions. Furthermore, we derive an

L
1

L^1

-stability result through an extended version of the

L
1

L^1

-contraction property.
On a certain subclass of univalent functions
Authors: Ignaciuk Szymon , Parol Maciej
Published: October 2023

In this article we establish a new analytic criterion for univalence of typically-real functions. Moreover, we find geometric properties for functions fulfilling the criterion. The new subclass of univalent functions is defined via these geometric properties. This class can be useful for verifying the univalence of potentially extremal polynomials associated to the work of Dmitrishin, Dyakonov and Stokolos [Anal. Math. Phys. 9 (2019), pp. 991–1004] on univalent polynomials and Koebe’s One-Quarter Theorem.
Moduli spaces of lie algebras and foliations
Authors: Velazquez Sebastián
Published: October 2023

Let

X
X

be a smooth projective variety over the complex numbers and

S
(
d
)

S(d)

the scheme parametrizing

d
d

-dimensional Lie subalgebras of

H
0

(
X
,

T

X
)

H^0(X,\mathcal {T}X)

. This article is dedicated to the study of the geometry of the moduli space

Inv
\text {Inv}

of involutive distributions on

X
X

around the points

F

∈
Inv

\mathcal {F}\in \text {Inv}

which are induced by Lie group actions. For every

g

∈
S
(
d
)

\mathfrak {g}\in S(d)

one can consider the corresponding element

F

(

g

)
∈
Inv

\mathcal {F}(\mathfrak {g})\in \text {Inv}

, whose generic leaf coincides with an orbit of the action of

exp
⁡
(

g

)

\exp (\mathfrak {g})

on

X
X

. We show that under mild hypotheses, after taking a stratification

∐
i

S
(
d

)
i

→
S
(
d
)

\coprod _i S(d)_i\to S(d)

this assignment yields an isomorphism

ϕ
:

∐
i

S
(
d

)
i

→
Inv

\phi :\coprod _i S(d)_i\to \text {Inv}

locally around

g

\mathfrak {g}

and

F

(

g

)

\mathcal {F}(\mathfrak {g})

. This gives a common explanation for many results appearing independently in the literature. We also construct new stable families of foliations which are induced by Lie group actions.
Inventory and ecological aspects of bioluminescent beetles in the Cerrado ecosystem and its decline around Emas National Park (Brazil)
Authors: Viviani Vadim R , Rosa Simone P , Prado Rogilene A , Pelentir Gabriel F , de Souza Daniel R , Reis Raone M , Bechara E J H , Costa C
Published: October 2023

Among the richest ecosystems in bioluminescent Coleoptera in Brazil, the Cerrado (savannas) is the most threatened one by agricultural expansion. The Emas (PNE) and Chapada dos Guimarães (PNCG) National parks are 2 of the last main remnants of the original Cerrado ecosystems in Central-west Brazil. During the past 3 decades, we have conducted several expeditions to collect, observe and study bioluminescent beetles occurring in the PNE and surrounding farms. More recently we also started to investigate the PNCG. We recorded a total of 51 bioluminescent species, including fireflies (n = 29), click beetles (n = 11), phengodids (n = 10), and staphylinids (n = 1). The PNE region was the richest one, especially for phengodids (n = 9). Among the habitats that compose the Cerrado physiognomy, the Cerrado and cerradão hosted most of the bioluminescent species, followed by forest, open fields and marshes. Most fireflies inhabiting the Cerrado ecosystem emit yellow-green light, whereas most click beetles emit predominantly green light, and among phengodid species, orange and red-light emission was found in 3 species. The spectacular click beetle Pyrearinus termitilluminans Costa-lodging luminous termite mounds were found in PNE and also reported for the first time at PNCG. In the farms around the PNE, however, a declining number of bioluminescent species was recorded in cerradão areas after the replacement of the surrounding cattle pastures by sugarcane plantations, especially adult phengodid males that were no longer attracted to light traps. Habitat reduction, use of agricultural pesticides and artificial night lighting are thought to be the major causes of such impact on bioluminescent beetle diversity.
Foraging is prioritized over nestmate rescue in desert ants and pupae are rescued more than adults
Authors: Bar Adi , Gilad Tomer , Massad Doaa , Ferber Asaph , Ben-Ezra Dan , Segal Daniela , Foitzik Susanne , Scharf Inon
Published: October 2023

Social animals, and ants, in particular, exhibit a range of cooperative behaviors. One such behavior is the rescue of group members, which cannot return to the nest by themselves. However, if several group members need to be rescued, how do ants prioritize whom to save first? Furthermore, when food is offered in parallel, do ants prioritize feeding over rescuing? We studied the rescue behavior of the desert ant Cataglyphis niger. Workers invest more time in rescuing pupae than adult workers, perhaps because the value of brood is higher than that of older workers serving as foragers. Specific rescue behaviors, pulling the trapped individual or digging around it, differed when directed toward adults or pupae: rescuing workers more often pulled pupae whereas they dug more around trapped adults. Rescuing workers did not prioritize living individuals over dead ones or intact workers over injured ones indicating that trapped individuals were recognized chemically rather than by their morphology or behavior. Finally, workers prioritized foraging over rescuing, perhaps because fewer workers specialize in rescue behavior than in foraging. Our analysis indeed revealed that fewer workers both foraged and rescued trapped workers than expected by chance. In conclusion, ants that rescue others exhibit a complex set of behaviors, with varying attention and specific behaviors targeted at different individuals, perhaps according to the colony’s needs. Our study is important for emphasizing a relatively neglected aspect of sociality (rescue of group members) and demonstrates that the attentions of rescues differ based on the trapped nestmate’s life stage.
Sex-dependent integration of ornamentation, personality, morphology, and life history
Authors: López-Idiáquez David , Teplitsky Céline , Fargevieille Amélie , Del Rey-Granado María , Mercier Gauthier Raphaëlle , de Franceschi Christophe , Charmantier Anne , Doutrelant Claire , Réale Denis
Published: October 2023

Phenotypic integration can be defined as the patterns and strength of the covariances between traits in an organism. The pace of life syndrome (POLS) hypothesis provides a testable case of phenotypic integration as it predicts that traits that mediate the trade-off between current and future reproduction should have coevolved with the slow-fast life-history continuum and may thus covary across individuals of a population. Although the POLS hypothesis has received increasing attention over the last decade, there is a need for investigating whether POLS are sex-specific and whether ornamental traits can be included within the POLS framework. We used 9 years of data to describe the integration patterns of ornamental coloration, personality, morphology, and life history in blue tits (Cyanistes caeruleus) and whether they differed between males and females. With that aim, we fitted multivariate mixed models separating the among- from the within-individual covariances. We found that the overall integration between the studied traits was weak, but our results suggested some sex-specific covariances at the among- and within-individual levels. Finally, using structural equation models (SEM), we tested for the presence of trait modules (i.e., covariances between traits involved in the same biological function) within each sex. SEMs suggested the presence of a morphological module but no modules for coloration or behavioral traits. Also, results obtained from the SEM did not support the POLS hypothesis. Overall, this work highlights the importance of considering sex when studying phenotypic integration and the relevance of SEM to test POLS hypothesis.
Practitioner Understandings of Older Victims of Abuse and Their Perpetrators: Not Ideal Enough?
Authors: Bows Hannah , Bromley Paige , Walklate Sandra
Published: October 2023

This article reports data from interviews with 66 professionals working across safeguarding, health, criminal justice and specialist domestic abuse services exploring their views about older victims’ experiences of domestic abuse. The findings reveal that older victims, despite embodying many of the criteria of Christie’s ideal victim, are not ideal enough as they fail to conform to the stereotype of the young, female victim of intimate-partner abuse. Similarly, their perpetrators, whether older partners or younger sons/other family members, fall short of the necessary criteria to be seen as legitimate offenders—they are not quite ideal—meaning domestic abuse against older adults is frequently repackaged as a health issue, with significant implications for professional practice.