bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Where alcohol use disorder meets interoception: A meta‐analytic view on structural and functional neuroimaging data
Authors: Muehlhan Markus , Spindler Carolin , Nowaczynski Sandra , Buchner Claudius , Fascher Maximilian , Trautmann Sebastian
Published: March 2024

Alcohol use disorder (AUD) has been associated with changes in the processing of internal body signals, known as interoception. Changes in brain structure, particularly in the insula, are thought to underlie impaired interoception. As studies specifically investigating this association are largely lacking, this analysis takes an approach that compares meta‐analytic results on interoception with recently published meta‐analytic results on gray matter reduction in AUD. A systematic literature search identified 25 eligible interoception studies. Activation likelihood estimation (ALE) was used to test for spatial convergence of study results. Overlap between interoception and AUD clusters was tested using conjunction analysis. Meta‐analytic connectivity modeling (MACM) and resting‐state functional connectivity were used to identify the functional network of interoception and to test where this network overlapped with AUD meta‐analytic clusters. The results were characterized using behavioral domain analysis. The interoception ALE identified a cluster in the left middle insula. There was no overlap with clusters of reduced gray matter in AUD. MACM analysis of the interoception cluster revealed a large network located in the insulae, thalami, basal nuclei, cingulate and medial frontal cortices, and pre‐ and postcentral gyri. Resting state analysis confirmed this result, showing the strongest connections to nodes of the salience‐ and somatomotor network. Five of the eight clusters that showed a structural reduction in AUD were located within these networks. The behavioral profiles of these clusters were suggestive of higher‐level processes such as salience control, somatomotor functions, and skin sensations. The results suggest an altered salience mapping of interoceptive signals in AUD, consistent with current models. Connections to the somatomotor network may be related to action control and integration of skin sensations. Mindfulness‐based interventions, pleasurable touch, and (deep) transcranial magnetic stimulation may be targeted interventions that reduce interoceptive deficits in AUD and thus contribute to drug use reduction and relapse prevention.

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Physical frailty trajectories in older stroke survivors: Findings from a national cohort study
Authors: Zeng Wen , Zhou Weijiao , Pu Junlan , Tong Beibei , Li Dan , Yao Yuanrong , Shang Shaomei
Published: March 2024

Background

Physical frailty (PF) is highly prevalent and associated with undesirable outcomes in stroke survivors aged 65 years or older. However, the long‐term trajectories of PF are understudied in those older stroke survivors.

Aims

To identify PF trajectories and relative predictors associated with the PF trajectories in older stroke survivors.

Design

This is a secondary analysis of a population‐based cohort study in the United States.

Methods

Six hundred and sixty‐three older stroke survivors from the National Health and Ageing Trends Study from 2015 to 2021 were included. PF was operationally assessed based on the Fried Frailty Phenotype. Trajectories were identified by group‐based trajectory modelling. The associations between sociodemographic characteristics, clinical factors, symptoms, cognitive factors and PF trajectories were examined using the design‐based logistic regression method.

Results

Most older stroke survivors were 75 and older (63.32%), female (53.99%), white (80.54%) and partnered (50.64%). Two PF trajectory groups were identified (Group 1: low risk, robust; 49.47%; Group 2: high risk, deteriorating; 50.53%). Individuals were at a higher risk to be assigned to Group 2 if they were 75–84 years (adjusted odds ratio [aOR]: 2.16, 95% CI: 1.23–3.80) or 85+ years (aOR: 2.77, 95% CI: 1.52–5.04), had fair self‐reported health (aOR: 2.78, 95% CI: 1.53–5.07) or poor self‐reported health (aOR: 3.37, 95% CI: 1.51–7.52), had comorbidities (aOR: 8.44, 95% CI: 1.31–54.42), had breathing problems (aOR: 2.18, 95% CI: 1.18–4.02) and had balance problems (aOR: 1.70, 95% CI: 1.06–2.73).

Conclusion

PF trajectories in older stroke survivors were heterogeneous and were associated with age, self‐rated health status, comorbidities, breathing problems and balance problems.

Implication to Clinical Practice

Early, routine, dynamic screening for stroke‐related physical frailty (PF) and relative predictors might be beneficial for identifying the most vulnerable individuals. Our findings might help develop strategies to manage PF progression.

Reporting Method

The reporting followed the STROBE guideline.
Treatment withdrawal experiences of women with breast cancer: A phenomenological study
Authors: Chi Shu‐Ching , Liu Yu‐Chen , konara mudiyanselage Sriyani Padmalatha , Fetzer Susan , Lin Mei‐Feng
Published: March 2024

Aim

To obtain an in‐depth understanding of the lived experiences, values, and beliefs of Taiwanese women with breast cancer who withdrew from cancer treatment.

Background

Fear of side effects, negative experiences and personal beliefs were identified as reasons for withdrawing from cancer treatments. Body–mind consciousness and body autonomy play a crucial role in cancer treatment decisions.

Design

Descriptive phenomenological approach.

Methods

We conducted semi‐structured, face‐to‐face and in‐depth interviews with 16 women diagnosed with breast cancer. Participants were purposefully selected from the Cancer Registry database. Employing a phenomenological approach, our aim was to explore the lived experiences of these individuals. Data analysis followed Giorgi's five‐step process. To ensure a comprehensive report the COREQ checklist was applied.

Findings

‘The Determination to Preserve Me’ is the essence of treatment withdrawal, identified by three themes and seven sub‐themes. ‘Raising Body‐Mind Consciousness’ was generated using body autonomy and preventing repeated psychological trauma from the participant's view. Their lifestyles, maintaining the family role, and returning to a normal trajectory help develop ‘Maintaining Stability for Being a Patient and a Family Carer’. ‘Self‐Defending Against the Body Harm’ was generated by concerns about maintaining health and preventing harm.

Conclusion

Women's behaviours became transformed by suffering. Actions were influenced by physical and psychological distress, misconceptions about treatments, and appearance changes by self‐determination through self‐protection.

Relevance to clinical practice

Healthcare professionals should respect women's autonomy and work collaboratively to ensure their decision‐making with accurate information and awareness of the potential risks and benefits of treatment withdrawal need to concern.
Factors related to psychosocial adjustment in patients with enterostomy: Based on a national cross‐sectional survey
Authors: Zhou Lu , Zhang Zhengyang , Li Hui , Wang Ling
Published: March 2024

Aims

This study aimed to explore the psychosocial adjustment of enterostomy patients on a national scale.

Design

Based on a national cross‐sectional survey.

Methods

From December 2021 and February 2023, a total of 22,040 enterostomy patients were assessed using the ostomy adjustment inventory‐20. Initial analysis involved employing the chi‐square test or Kruskal‐Wallis H test to identify factors influencing the psychosocial adjustment of these patients. Subsequently, multinomial logistic regression was used to determine the factors affecting the classification of psychosocial adjustment levels of enterostomy patients. The reporting of this study adhered to the STROBE checklist.

Results

Eventually 21,124 patients with enterostomy were included in this study, out of which 7788 (36.9%) patients with low level of psychosocial adjustment, 11,803 (55.8%) patients with medium level of psychosocial adjustment and 1533 (7.3%) patients with high level of psychosocial adjustment. The factors influencing the classification of psychosocial adjustment levels of enterostomy patients were gender, educational background, carer, enterostomy self‐care knowledge score and medical payment method.

Conclusions

The overall psychosocial adjustment level of enterostomy patients is not optimistic, and the factors that may affect the classification of their psychosocial adjustment level are analysed. Individualised intervention should be given according to different psychosocial adjustment levels of enterostomy patients.

Relevance to Clinical Practice

The number of enterostomy patients with a high level of psychosocial adjustment is small in relation to the total number of enterostomy patients, and caregivers can provide health education to enterostomy patients by analysing the factors affecting the level of psychosocial adjustment of enterostomy patients.

Patient or Public Contribution

None.
Common‐Ownership Versus Cross‐Ownership: Evidence from the Automobile Industry*
Authors: Huse Cristian , Ribeiro Ricardo , Verboven Frank
Published: March 2024

Overlapping ownership has gained considerable momentum in the last decades, yet little is known about the role of its sources. We quantify the relative importance of common‐ownership (by shareholders external to an industry) and cross‐ownership (by firms within the industry). We focus on the global automobile industry, over the period 2007–2021, and document that common‐ownership links constitute between 31% and 39% of the equity ownership of automobile manufacturers, while cross‐ownership links amount to 6%–9%. We show that not accounting for these relatively modest cross‐ownership links has important implications: it can increase the average weight assigned by managers to the profit of competitors by between 33% and 68%.
Trans family systems framework: Theorizing families' gender investments and divestments in cisnormativity
Authors: Robinson Brandon Andrew , Stone Amy L.
Published: March 2024

Objective

This article calls on family scholars to take seriously how families are invested and divested in maintaining and reproducing cisnormativity.

Background

Families can be a prime institution for the reproduction of cisnormativity. For transgender and nonbinary family members, families' investment in cisnormativity can generate ambiguous and toxic familial relations. Yet, family studies have not developed an adequate framework to examine how and why cisnormativity operates within families.

Method

The authors engage with empirical and theoretical work on gender, intersectionality, and families to examine how cisnormativity operates within family dynamics and processes. This article also focuses on work about trans people and families to capture how cisnormative processes within families affect trans people's familial relations.

Results

The authors advance a trans family systems framework to show how families' cisgender investments and divestments shape familial processes. The concept of cisnormative compliance is introduced to capture the beliefs and practices of obedience established by family members for the purpose of reproducing cisnormativity. Family studies can move forward in studying these cisnormative processes through documenting how gender accountability shapes family dynamics, implementing new methods, furthering an intersectional analysis, and exploring complexities of space and place.

Conclusion

To reimagine gender and families, family scholars need to study and foreground how cisnormativity shapes family dynamics and processes.
Focusing the critical race psychology lens: CRT and the psychological study of social issues
Authors: Salter Phia S. , Moadel‐Attie Roxanne , Miller Andrea L. , Brenick Alaina , Bonam Courtney M.
Published: March 2024

The years since George Floyd's murder in 2020 have been characterized by both a renewed attention to systemic racism and a backlash intended to silence conversations about race. Critical Race Theory (CRT), in particular, has become a larger part of the public discourse around race than ever before. Although CRT developed in the 1980s as a critical approach in legal studies and was incorporated into social psychology in the 1990s, psychology's engagement with CRT has been much more limited than that of other fields. In two installments, this special issue aims to (re)introduce psychological researchers to Critical Race Theory (CRT), to underscore CRT's importance and limitations in the context of psychological research, to feature novel applications and new directions in CRT, and to address the current political climate of opposition to discussions of CRT. The first installment looks inward to examine how psychology can more effectively advance racial equity within the field and the research we conduct by continuing to incorporate a CRT lens throughout higher education and research. The second installment looks outward to highlight psychological research that uses CRT frameworks to advance racial justice in society.
Growth performance, plasma metabolites, meat quality, and meat and lipid health indices of New Zealand White rabbits as affected by dietary dried tomato pomace powder supplementation during the summer season
Authors: Hassan Fawzia A. , Mohamed Manal S. , Othman Doaa O. , El‐Medany Shawky A. , Ismail Rehab , Balalmuralikrishnan Balasubramanian , Alhotan Rashed A. , Attia Youssef A. , Bovera Fulvia , Mahrose Khalid , Abdel‐Rahman Aya M.
Published: March 2024

One hundred and twenty New Zealand White rabbits (NZW) (5‐week‐old; 735.27 ± 27.23 g) were kept in an open‐sided house during the summer season. The experiment aims to evaluate the impacts of dried tomato pomace powder (DTPP) supplementation on rabbits' performance, blood metabolites, carcass traits, meat quality, and lipid and health indices of NZW rabbits during 5–13 weeks of age. The four treatments were a standard rabbit feed (control) and the control diet supplemented with 0.5, 1.0, and 1.5% DTPP, respectively. Rabbits fed a diet containing 1.5% DTPP showed the highest growth rate through weeks 9–13 of age despite having the lowest feed intake spanning 5–13 weeks. The best feed conversion ratio (FCR) was recorded in rabbits fed with 1.5% DTPP‐supplemented diet for 5–13 weeks. Diets supplemented with 0.5 or 1.0% DTPP enhanced markedly dressing %, total edible flesh, saturated (SFAs), monounsaturated (MUFAs), and polyunsaturated fatty acid (PUFAs) contents, as well as the ∑n − 6/∑n − 3 ratio and the total n − 6 of meat. Dietary supplementation with DTPP decreased kidney, abdominal, and back fat. Diets supplemented with DTTP decreased total cholesterol, triglycerides, and very low‐density lipoprotein (vLDL) concentrations. The greatest levels of linoleic acid, arachidonic and water‐holding capacity in meat were observed in rabbits fed 1.5% DTPP‐supplemented diets. Diets containing 1 and 1.5% DTPP improved meats’ atherogenic and thrombogenic indices, meat lipid quality desired fatty acids/undesired fatty acids ratio, and meat health index. Conclusively, DTPP up to 1.5% maintained the growth performance of rabbits, boosted meat quality through increasing vitamin E, reduced fat deposition, modified fatty acid composition, and improved atherogenic, thrombogenic, and hypocholesterolemic indices of rabbit meat.
Predictive factors of periodontal regeneration outcomes using rhFGF‐2: A case–control study
Authors: Matsuda Shinji , Ueda Tomoya , Nakashima Fuminori , Ninomiya Yurika , Yasuda Keisuke , Sasaki Shinya , Hamamoto Yuta , Iwata Tomoyuki , Ouhara Kazuhisa , Mihara Naoki , Kakimoto Naoya , Mizuno Noriyoshi
Published: March 2024

Objective

This study aimed to investigate the factors influencing the clinical outcomes of regenerative therapy using recombinant human fibroblast growth factor‐2 (rhFGF‐2).

Background

rhFGF‐2 promotes periodontal regeneration, and identifying the factors influencing this regeneration is important for optimizing the effectiveness of rhFGF‐2.

Methods and Materials

This study used a hospital information‐integrated database to identify patients who underwent periodontal regenerative therapy with rhFGF‐2. Factors included age, smoking status, diabetes mellitus (DM), periodontal inflamed surface area (PISA) at the initial visit, whether the most posterior tooth was involved or not, and preoperative radiological bone defect angle. Periodontal regenerative therapy outcomes were defined as good if radiographic bone fill ≥35% or periodontal pocket closure at 9–15 months after surgery. Bone fill rate (%) and periodontal pocket depth (mm) were also used as outcome measures. Factors were evaluated by simple regression analysis, and then the association between factors and the outcomes was determined by multivariate analysis.

Results

PISA and age at the first visit did not significantly influence the success or failure of bone fill rate byrhFGF‐2. However, DM, radiographic bone defect angle, and the most posterior tooth significantly influenced the regenerative effect (success/failure in bone fill) of rhFGF‐2. The most posterior tooth was significantly associated with bone fill rate by rhFGF‐2. Examination of the association between pocket closure and factors shows that the most posterior tooth significantly influenced. The most posterior tooth and preoperative PPD were significantly associated with pocket reduction depth. For the most posterior tooth, a significantly higher bone regeneration rate (p < .05) was observed with a combination of autologous bone graft and rhFGF‐2 than with rhFGF‐2 alone, and the effect was significant in multivariate analysis.

Conclusions

The radiographic bone defect angle, the involvement of most posterior teeth, and the presence of DM influenced the effectiveness of rhFGF‐2 in periodontal regeneration. However, PISA values and age at the initial visit had no significant effect.
Congenital spongiform leukodystrophy in 2 female littermate German shepherd puppies
Authors: De Miguel Ricardo , Hague Devon Wallis , Johnson Jennifer L. , Zilinger Amber M. , Kukekova Anna , Lezmi Stephane
Published: March 2024

Two 9‐week‐old female littermate German Shepherd puppies showed severe high‐frequency low‐amplitude trembling that worsened with movement. The white matter (WM) of the central nervous system (CNS) showed bilateral diffuse severe spongiosis in the cerebellum, brainstem, spinal cord, and the neuropil of the oculomotor and red nuclei. The cortical corona radiata was less severely affected. Rare necrotic or apoptotic glia‐like cells also were identified in the WM. Luxol fast blue staining disclosed severe diffuse myelin loss in the entire CNS; peripheral nerves were spared. Glial fibrillary acidic protein immunohistochemistry showed diffuse astrogliosis and astrocytosis in the WM. Genetic analyses of the littermates excluded the aspartoacylase (ASPA) gene as a candidate for this condition in dogs. In conclusion, this description of a rare congenital spongiform leukodystrophy in the German Shepherd breed, closely resembling to Canavan disease in humans, is likely caused by a genetic alteration unrelated to the ASPA gene.
Does Studying Latin in Secondary Education Predict Study Achievement in Academic Higher Education?
Authors: Hauspie Cathy , Schelfhout Stijn , Dirix Nicolas , Fonteyne Lot , Janse Mark , Szmalec Arnaud , Vereeck Alexandra , Duyck Wouter
Published: March 2024

Studying Latin in secondary education is still widespread in Europe and believed to result in cognitive benefits, even beyond the linguistic domain. In this study we explored the relation between such study and later academic achievement in higher education (N = 1,898). First, we demonstrated that Latin students exhibit increased levels of study achievement in higher education, particularly in study programs other than those covering science, technology, engineering, and mathematics (STEM). Second, we explored where the instruction of Latin was a significant predictor in models of academic achievement, explaining incremental variance over 21 other cognitive, attitudinal, and demographic variables. Latin instruction was included as a variable in the prediction models in 42% of the programs (mainly in the non‐STEM ones), but the incremental predictive validity was substantial only in the linguistic programs. Our results highlight how the study of Latin can be a valuable predictor of academic achievement in other study fields.
Effects of short birth interval on child malnutrition in the Asia‐Pacific region: Evidence from a systematic review and meta‐analysis
Authors: Khan Md Nuruzzaman , Harris Melissa L. , Hassen Tahir A. , Bagade Tanmay , Shifti Desalegn M. , Feyissa Tesfaye R. , Chojenta Catherine
Published: March 2024

Child malnutrition remains a significant concern in the Asia‐Pacific region, with short birth intervals recognised as a potential risk factor. However, evidence of this association is inconclusive. This study aimed to systematically review the existing evidence and assess the summary effects of short birth interval on child malnutrition in the Asia‐Pacific region. Five electronic databases were searched in May 2023 to identify relevant studies reporting the association between short birth interval and child malnutrition, including stunting, wasting, underweight, anaemia and overall malnutrition, in Asia‐Pacific region between September 2000 and May 2023. Fixed‐effects or random‐effects meta‐analysis was performed to estimate the summary effects of short birth interval on child malnutrition. Out of 56 studies meeting the inclusion criteria, 48 were included in quantitative synthesis through meta‐analysis. We found a slightly higher likelihood of stunting (n = 25, odds ratio [OR] = 1.13; 95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.97–1.32) and overall malnutrition (n = 3, OR = 2.42; 95% CI: 0.88–6.65) among children born in short birth intervals compared to those with nonshort intervals, although the effect was not statistically significant. However, caution is warranted due to identified heterogeneity across studies. Subgroup analysis demonstrated significant effects of short birth intervals on child malnutrition in national‐level studies and studies with larger sample sizes. These findings underscore short birth intervals as a significant contributor to child malnutrition in the Asia‐Pacific region. Implementing effective policies and programs is vital to alleviate this burden, ultimately reducing child malnutrition and associated adverse outcomes, including child mortality.
Exploring the association between adolescent‐perceived parental monitoring on dietary intake
Authors: Osman Bridie , Champion Katrina E. , Thornton Louise , Burrows Tracy , Smout Scarlett , Hunter Emily , Sunderland Matthew , Teesson Maree , Newton Nicola C. , Gardner Lauren A.
Published: March 2024

Parenting practices such as parental monitoring are known to positively impact dietary behaviours in offspring. However, links between adolescent‐perceived parental monitoring and dietary outcomes have rarely been examined and never in an Australian context. This study investigated whether adolescent‐perceived parental monitoring is associated with more fruit and vegetable, and less sugar‐sweetened beverages (SSB) and junk food consumption in Australian adolescents. Cross‐sectional data was collected as part of baseline measurement for a randomised controlled trial in 71 Australian schools in 2019. Self‐reported fruit, vegetable, SSB and junk food intake, perceived parental monitoring and sociodemographic factors were assessed. Each dietary variable was converted to “not at risk/at risk” based on dietary guidelines, binary logistic regressions examined associations between dietary intake variables and perceived parental monitoring while controlling for gender and socio‐economic status. The study was registered in ANZCTR clinical trials. The sample comprised 6053 adolescents (Mage = 12.7, SD = 0.5; 50.6% male‐identifying). The mean parental monitoring score was 20.1/24 (SD = 4.76) for males and 21.9/24 (SD = 3.37) for females. Compared to adolescents who perceived lower levels of parental monitoring, adolescents reporting higher parental monitoring had higher odds of insufficient fruit (OR = 1.03; 95% CI = 1.02–1.05) and excessive SSB (OR = 1.07; 95% CI = 1.06–1.09) intake, but lower odds of excessive junk food (OR = 0.96; 95% CI = 0.95–0.98) and insufficient vegetable (OR = 0.97, 95% CI = 0.96–0.99) intake. Adolescent dietary intake is associated with higher perceived parental monitoring; however, these associations for fruit and SSB differ to junk food and vegetable intake. This study may have implications for prevention interventions for parents, identifying how this modifiable parenting factor is related to adolescent diet has highlighted how complex the psychological and environmental factors contributing to dietary intake are.
The progressive pilgrim: Real and mythical Indian geography in contemporary retellings of the Rāmāyaṇa
Authors: Oliveira João Pedro
Published: March 2024

Several English‐language adaptations of the Indian epic Rāmāyaṇa have been published since the beginning of the 21st century. The epic has been regarded and recreated as a metonym for the Indian nation. Contemporary versions have often referred to Indian geography and have tried to poetically or literally associate mythic spaces with real ones. In this paper, I use discourse analysis in order to study some of the most influential 21st‐century English‐language retellings of the Rāmāyaṇa. I conclude that these and other versions of the epic describe India as a regionally divided nation which can ultimately be united through national geography, its association with mythology and the contrast between the geography of India and that of foreign nations. In this sense, I regard these contemporary versions as a ‘literary pilgrimage’ through which Indian readers can get to know the geography of their nation and regard it as sacred.
Neural representation in active inference: Using generative models to interact with—and understand—the lived world
Authors: Pezzulo Giovanni , D'Amato Leo , Mannella Francesco , Priorelli Matteo , Van de Maele Toon , Stoianov Ivilin Peev , Friston Karl
Published: March 2024

This paper considers neural representation through the lens of active inference, a normative framework for understanding brain function. It delves into how living organisms employ generative models to minimize the discrepancy between predictions and observations (as scored with variational free energy). The ensuing analysis suggests that the brain learns generative models to navigate the world adaptively, not (or not solely) to understand it. Different living organisms may possess an array of generative models, spanning from those that support action‐perception cycles to those that underwrite planning and imagination; namely, from explicit models that entail variables for predicting concurrent sensations, like objects, faces, or people—to action‐oriented models that predict action outcomes. It then elucidates how generative models and belief dynamics might link to neural representation and the implications of different types of generative models for understanding an agent's cognitive capabilities in relation to its ecological niche. The paper concludes with open questions regarding the evolution of generative models and the development of advanced cognitive abilities—and the gradual transition from pragmatic to detached neural representations. The analysis on offer foregrounds the diverse roles that generative models play in cognitive processes and the evolution of neural representation.
Role of telemedicine in the management of obesity: State‐of‐the‐art review
Authors: Shariq Kainat , Siddiqi Tariq Jamal , Van Spall Harriette , Greene Stephen J. , Fudim Marat , DeVore Adam D. , Pandey Ambarish , Butler Javed , Khan Muhammad Shahzeb
Published: March 2024

Obesity is a worsening public health epidemic that remains challenging to manage. Obesity substantially increases the risk of cardiovascular diseases and presents a significant financial burden on the healthcare system. Digital health interventions, specifically telemedicine, may offer an attractive and viable solution for managing obesity. During the COVID‐19 pandemic, the need for a safer alternative to in‐person visits led to the increased popularity of telemedicine. Multiple studies have tested the efficacy of telemedicine modalities, including digital coaching via videoconferencing sessions, e‐health monitoring using wearable devices, and asynchronous forms of communication such as online chatrooms with counselors. In this review, we discuss the available evidence for telemedicine interventions in managing obesity, review current challenges and barriers to using telemedicine, and outline future directions to optimize the management of patients with obesity using telemedicine.
Psychological support needs for children with food allergy and their families: A systematic review
Authors: Knibb Rebecca C. , Jones Christina J. , Herbert Linda J. , Screti Cassandra
Published: March 2024

This systematic review aimed to review the evidence for psychological support for children with food allergies and their families, identify effective psychological interventions, and highlight the support needs for this group. A systematic search was undertaken across six databases (up to October 2023). Articles were checked by three reviewers for inclusion. Study data were extracted, and quality was assessed using the Mixed Methods Appraisal Tool. A narrative synthesis was undertaken. A total of 11 papers were included (n = 838 participants). Intervention types were based on cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT; n = 7); psycho‐education (n = 1); peer mentoring (n = 1); self‐regulation theory (n = 1); and coping (n = 1). Two interventions were for children only, three were for children and parents and six for parents only. Cognitive behavioral therapy‐based interventions with highly anxious parents or children or those facilitated by a psychologist showed significant improvements with moderate‐to‐large effect sizes. The one self‐help CBT‐based online program showed no effects. Other intervention types reported mainly trends in improvement due to small sample sizes. Most interventions were aimed at supporting children or parents in day‐to‐day management of food allergy, measuring outcomes such as quality of life, self‐efficacy, anxiety, worry, and depression. One intervention was designed to assist with oral immunotherapy outcomes. The majority of the studies had small sample sizes and were feasibility or proof‐of‐concept studies. Available research evidence points to effectiveness of facilitated CBT‐based interventions for those that have high food allergy‐related anxiety, but as many studies have small sample sizes and few report effect sizes, no firm conclusions can yet be drawn. A stepped care approach is likely to be useful for this population. Research using large interventional designs, particularly for children and adolescents, are needed.
Leibniz as a virtue ethicist
Authors: Dong Hao
Published: March 2024

In this paper I argue that Leibniz's ethics is a kind of virtue ethics where virtues of the agent are explanatorily primary. I first examine how Leibniz obtained his conception of justice as a kind of love in an early text, Elements of Natural Law. I show that in this text Leibniz's goal was to find a satisfactory definition of justice that could reconcile egoism with altruism, and that this was achieved through the Aristotelian virtue of friendship where friends treat each other as “other selves.” Following this decisive moment, Leibniz adopted an Aristotle‐inspired ethical framework where the virtuous agent is central for moral evaluations. I then show that, despite certain developments, Leibniz's ethics retained this essential feature throughout his career. In Leibniz's later writings, God constitutes the foundation of the moral realm, and the fundamental moral endeavor of human beings consists in the imitation of God.
Responsibility for impairment shapes the perceived deservingness of welfare claimants with disabilities
Authors: Thorp Joshua , Larner Jac
Published: March 2024

When do people support government assistance for people with disabilities? Disability welfare programs account for large shares of national welfare budgets, but little is known about public attitudes toward disabled welfare claimants. Drawing on psychological research in stereotype content, we argue that attitudes toward welfare for people with disabilities are likely to be more conditional than previously acknowledged. In two nationally representative, preregistered survey experiments in Wales (N = 3393) and Scotland (N = 1707), we ask respondents to evaluate the deservingness of a fictitious disabled claimant to government assistance. We manipulate the claimant's outgroup status and the manner in which they acquired their impairment. We find that disabled claimants perceived as even somewhat responsible for their impairments are considered substantially less deserving of government assistance than those perceived not responsible, even when their needs for assistance are identical. Contrary to expectations, we find relatively modest and inconsistent outgroup penalties in perceived deservingness. Finally, we find large heterogeneous treatment effects among respondents holding to more authoritarian social values. These results challenge conventional wisdom regarding the universality of support for disability welfare and help explain why voters may not be inclined to punish politicians who propose cuts to programs for even stereotypically high‐deserving groups.
Strong prevalence of light regime‐specific QTL in Arabidopsis detected using automated high‐throughput phenotyping in fluctuating or constant light
Authors: Heuermann Marc C. , Meyer Rhonda C. , Knoch Dominic , Tschiersch Henning , Altmann Thomas
Published: March 2024

Plants have evolved and adapted under dynamic environmental conditions, particularly to fluctuating light, but plant research has often focused on constant growth conditions. To quantitatively asses the adaptation to fluctuating light, a panel of 384 natural Arabidopsis thaliana accessions was analyzed in two parallel independent experiments under fluctuating and constant light conditions in an automated high‐throughput phenotyping system upgraded with supplemental LEDs. While the integrated daily photosynthetically active radiation was the same under both light regimes, plants in fluctuating light conditions accumulated significantly less biomass and had lower leaf area during their measured vegetative growth than plants in constant light. A total of 282 image‐derived architectural and/or color‐related traits at six common time points, and 77 photosynthesis‐related traits from one common time point were used to assess their associations with genome‐wide natural variation for both light regimes. Out of the 3000 significant marker‐trait associations (MTAs) detected, only 183 (6.1%) were common for fluctuating and constant light conditions. The prevalence of light regime‐specific QTL indicates a complex adaptation. Genes in linkage disequilibrium with fluctuating light‐specific MTAs with an adjusted repeatability value >0.5 were filtered for gene ontology terms containing “photo” or “light”, yielding 15 selected candidates. The candidate genes are involved in photoprotection, PSII maintenance and repair, maintenance of linear electron flow, photorespiration, phytochrome signaling, and cell wall expansion, providing a promising starting point for further investigations into the response of Arabidopsis thaliana to fluctuating light conditions.
Characterizing elementary students' authentic navigation through an engineering design task using a design space lens
Authors: Dalvi Tejaswini , Wendell Kristen
Published: March 2024

Insights on students' own authentic design practices—nascent design practices without much adult guidance—are crucial to informing responsive facilitation of engineering design tasks. This study unpacks how elementary students interpret teacher given information about a design task, and interact with each other and given resources, to traverse a design trajectory with limited adult intervention. We present a qualitative case study of the trajectory of a 3rd grade student team working to design a solution in response to an engineering challenge, with minimum adult intervention. The design space lens, which emerges from studies of nonlinear, fluid nature of professionals' design trajectories, guides our analysis of elementary students' design trajectory. The use of design space reveals characteristics of student navigation as dictated by their interpretation of given information, and by their observation and analysis of how their solution behaves and performs. The findings show students' proactive and autonomous selection of design practices driven by the goal of solving the problem while navigating criteria and constraints. The study highlight a sophisticated trajectory that elementary students can traverse when given the autonomy. Awareness of these nascent strengths has implications for helping educators to responsively plan and facilitate design tasks.
Perception of Generative Artificial Intelligence in Higher Education Research
Authors: Abdullah Zaleha , Mohd Zaid Norasykin
Published: March 2024

Integrating Generative Artificial Intelligence (AI) into higher education research holds great promise, but understanding researchers' perceptions and addressing associated challenges is crucial for success. This study investigates how researchers perceive the potential benefits of Generative AI, its ease of use, and the challenges affecting its adoption in higher education research. It aims to uncover diverse perspectives and insights for effective integration. Using a qualitative case study approach, data was collected from 33 researchers in social sciences at one institution through online surveys and interviews. Thematic analysis, guided by the Technology Acceptance Model (TAM), identified recurring themes. The findings reveal significant engagement with AI adoption, with most participants integrating Generative AI into their research. However, readiness to adopt varied, reflecting different levels of enthusiasm and preparedness. Participants' perceptions ranged from recognizing Generative AI's convenience to expressing concerns about potential negative impacts such as becoming overly reliant, aligning with TAM constructs. Additionally, participants stressed the importance of responsible and ethical Generative AI usage through training and awareness initiatives. These findings lay the foundation for strategies promoting Generative AI adoption and responsible integration in higher education research. Implications for institutions aiming to integrate Generative AI effectively emphasize the need to understand researchers' perspectives and address their concerns.
Unsupervised Denoising and Super-Resolution of Vascular Flow Data by Physics-Informed Machine Learning
Authors: Sautory Théophile , Shadden Shawn C.
Published: March 2024

We present an unsupervised deep learning method to perform flow denoising and super-resolution without high-resolution labels. We demonstrate the ability of a single model to reconstruct three-dimensional stenosis and aneurysm flows, with varying geometries, orientations, and boundary conditions. Ground truth data was generated using computational fluid dynamics, and then corrupted with multiplicative Gaussian noise. Auto-encoders were used to compress the representations of the flow domain geometry and the (possibly noisy and low-resolution) flow field. These representations were used to condition a physics-informed neural network. A physics-based loss was implemented to train the model to recover lost information from the noisy input by transforming the flow to a solution of the Navier–Stokes equations. Our experiments achieved mean squared errors in the true flow reconstruction of O(1.0 × 10−4), and root mean squared residuals of O(1.0 × 10−2) for the momentum and continuity equations. Our method yielded correlation coefficients of 0.971 for the hidden pressure field and 0.82 for the derived wall shear stress field. By performing point-wise predictions of the flow, the model was able to robustly denoise and super-resolve the field to 20× the input resolution.
CarbonKG: Industrial Carbon Emission Knowledge Graph-Based Modeling and Application for Carbon Traceability of Complex Manufacturing Process
Authors: Wu Tao , Li Jie , Bao Jinsong , Liu Qiang , Jin Zhengkai , Gao Jun
Published: March 2024

In the context of the 2030 carbon dioxide emissions peak target, achieving carbon neutrality in manufacturing is essential. However, the complex and extensive supply chain, ranging from raw materials to the final product, presents significant challenges in assessing the carbon footprint throughout the lifecycle. This paper concentrates on the manufacturing process and introduces a modeling approach for quantifying and predicting carbon emissions, utilizing industrial intelligent technologies like process mining and knowledge graphs. First, it is crucial to establish a comprehensive carbon emission quantification model for each manufacturing stage, encompassing the energy, material, personnel, and carbon flow. Subsequently, this paper proposes an industrial carbon emission knowledge graph-based model (CarbonKG) to record and compute emissions at each production stage. Furthermore, process mining technology aids in analyzing the global distribution and movement of carbon emissions within the manufacturing process. Finally, this research presents a two-stage predictive approach for manufacturing process carbon emissions based on CarbonKG. The first stage involves initializing a local order carbon graph for prediction and developing a model to find similar cases. The second stage uses a graph-matching model to identify the Top-K similar order cases, using their carbon emission data for comprehensive prediction. Moreover, the feasibility of the proposed method was verified using actual production process data from industrial companies.
A Decentralized Multi-Agent Path Planning Approach Based on Imitation Learning and Selective Communication
Authors: Feng Bohan , Bi Youyi , Li Mian , Lin Liyong
Published: March 2024

Multi-agent path planning (MAPP) is crucial for large-scale mobile robot systems to work safely and properly in complex environments. Existing learning-based decentralized MAPP approaches allow each agent to gather information from nearby agents, leading to more efficient coordination among agents. However, these approaches often struggle with reasonably handling local information inputs for each agent, and their communication mechanisms between agents need to be further refined to treat those congested traffic scenarios effectively. To address these issues, we propose a decentralized MAPP approach based on imitation learning and selective communication. Our approach adopts an imitation learning architecture that enables agents to rapidly learn complex behaviors from expert planning experience. The information extraction layer is integrated with convolutional neural network (CNN) and gated recurrent unit (GRU) for capturing features from local field-of-view observations. A two-stage selective communication process based on graph attention neural network (GAT) is developed to reduce the required neighbor agents in inter-agent communication. In addition, an adaptive strategy switching mechanism utilizing local expert-planned paths is designed to support robots to escape from local traps. The effectiveness of our proposed approach is evaluated in simulated grid environments with varying map sizes, obstacle densities, and numbers of agents. Experimental results show that our approach outperforms other decentralized path planning methods in success rate while maintaining the lowest flowtime variation and communication frequency. Furthermore, our approach is computationally efficient and scalable, making it suitable for real-world applications.
Sensitivity Analysis and Optimization of Heat Transfer Performance of Ultra-Thin Vapor Chamber With Composite Wick
Authors: Huang Zhaohui , Li Rui , Gan Yunhua
Published: March 2024

An ultra-thin vapor chamber (VC) with the composite wick formed by four spiral woven meshes (SWMs) and a copper mesh was proposed to solve the heat dissipation problem in miniaturized electronic equipment because of its sufficient heat transfer capability under limited thickness. However, the influence factors on the thermal performance of the VC with composite wick are more than that of the VC with a single type of wick. In this study, in order to investigate the thermal performance of the VC with composite wick, a theoretical model was developed to calculate the maximum heat transfer capacity. Besides, a three-dimensional numerical model for the heat transfer characteristics was established, and the simulation results have a good match with the experimental results. The orthogonal test method was adopted to determine that both the width of the vapor channel (wv) and the thickness of the vapor channel (tv) have a significant effect on the maximum heat transfer capacity and thermal resistance, while the porosity of the mesh (εmesh) has a prominent effect on the maximum heat transfer capacity, but has little effect on the thermal resistance. Further optimization of the sensitive factors for VC heat transfer performance was achieved to enhance the maximum heat transfer capacity.
A Finite Element Analysis-Unascertained Measure Theory-Based Hybrid Approach to Safety Assessment for Pipelines Subject to Landslide Disasters
Authors: Siming Liu , Peng Zhang , Wei Liu , Hu Li , Qiao Tang , Qin Yang , Yunfei Huang
Published: March 2024

Pipeline safety faces a prevalent threat in mountainous areas due to landslides. The advent of landslides introduces the risk of pipeline leaks or ruptures, posing a significant threat to the environment, with the potential for casualties. Throughout the occurrence of landslides, uncertainties abound, yet few studies have addressed the incorporation of uncertainties in assessing pipeline safety. This work proposes a novel hybrid approach to the safety assessment for pipelines under landslides. The use of finite element analysis (FEA) models the pipeline under the action of landslides. The numerical outcomes, combined with unascertained measure theory (UMT), develop a multi-indicator unascertained measure (UM) matrix. Random forest (RF) algorithm is employed to determine the weight of indicators in the matrix. The hybrid application of set pair theory and the UM evaluation vector finally determine the pipeline safety degree and level. The proposed methodology has been well-validated through a case study on an in-service pipeline. The results indicate that the case pipeline safety degree is 2.777, 2.132, 3.132, 3.904, and 2.240, respectively. The corresponding safety level is III, II, III, IV, and II, respectively, which is consistent with the pipeline's actual condition. Different from the conventional safety assessment approach, the proposed methodology demonstrates the enhanced effectiveness, facilitating a more precise evaluation of the pipeline's safety condition.