bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Effects of process conditions on the chemistry of an Ar/C2H2 dust‐forming plasma
Authors: Denysenko Igor B. , von Wahl Erik , Labidi Safa , Mikikian Maxime , Kersten Holger , Gibert Titaϊna
Published: April 2019

A volume‐averaged model and numerical simulations are used to clarify the effects of process conditions on the plasma chemistry and species initiating the formation of nanoparticles in an Ar/C2H2 plasma. It is shown that Ar/C2H2 plasmas with low electron density, moderate input flux of acetylene and an electron energy distribution function (EEDF) close to the Druyvesteyn EEDF are the most suitable for the production of carbonaceous nanoparticles. These results are verified by direct comparison with experimental data and enable to formulate recommendations for future experiments with a controlled growth of nanoparticles in chemically active plasmas.
Novel mutations and deletions in cystic fibrosis in a tertiary cystic fibrosis center in Istanbul
Authors: Atag Emine , Bas Ikizoglu Nilay , Ergenekon Almala Pinar , Gokdemir Yasemin , Eralp Ela Erdem , Ata Pinar , Ersu Refika , Karakoc Fazilet , Karadag Bulent
Published: April 2019

Background

Cystic fibrosis (CF) genotyping has garnered increased attention since the discovery of the cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator (CFTR) gene in 1989 led to the identification of over 1700 mutations on chromosome 7. Yet, little is known about the genetic profile of CF patients in Turkey. This study sought to determine the mutation distribution among CF patients seeking care at Marmara University.

Methods

Two hundred fifty previously diagnosed CF patients were included in the study. CFTR gene exons 1 to 27 were amplified by a polymerase chain reaction and whole DNA sequencing was performed. Duplications and deletions were investigated by the multiplex ligation‐dependent probe amplification (MLPA) technique in patients with one or two unidentified mutations in sequence analysis.

Results

CFTR mutation analysis revealed 80 mutations and five large deletions were present in our study population. The five most common mutations were (delta) F508 (c.1521‐1523delCTT) (28.4%), 1677delTA (c.1545‐1546delTA) (6.4%), 2789 + 5G‐ > A (c.2657 + 5G > A) (5.8%), N1303K (c.3909C > G) (2.4%), and c.2183AA‐ > G (c.2051‐2052delAAinsG) (4.0%). Large deletions were found in 16 patients. Four novel mutations and two novel deletions were detected in this study.

Conclusions

We have identified four novel mutations and two novel deletions using next‐generation DNA sequencing and the MLPA technique and obtained an overall mutation detection rate of 91.4%. Detection of novel variants in CF patients will assist in genetic counseling and in determining appropriate patients for new therapies.
Designation and Match of Non‐Fullerene Acceptors with X‐Shaped Donors toward Organic Solar Cells
Authors: Saeed Ushna , Bibi Shamsa , ur‐Rehman Shafiq , Rauf khan Shanza , Shoaib Muhammad , Iqbal Muhammad Adnan , Nawaz Faisal , Jia Ran
Published: April 2019

In this work, a series of PDI derivatives by substituting different aromatic groups at bay position of PDI molecule (dipyrollo pyrrole as PDI‐I, dithieno pyrrole as PDI‐II, furopyrazine as PDI‐III, naptho thiadiazole as PDI‐IV and thiadiazolo pyridine as PDI‐V) were investigated for photovoltaic applications. Optoelectronic properties of investigated molecules were studied using DFT methods at B3LYP/6‐31G (d, p) level of theory. Among investigated molecules, PDI‐I showed the smallest Eg than those of reference (R) and PDI molecules. The absorption spectra of PDI‐I displayed bathochromic shift of 107 nm as compared to R. All investigated molecules PDI‐I, PDI‐II, PDI‐III, PDI‐IV and PDI‐V also resulted a significant bathochromic shift of 308, 151, 148, 75 and 61 nm, respectively than that of PDI molecule. The reorganization energy analysis indicated that PDI‐I and PDI‐II could act as excellent hole transporting materials while PDI‐III and PDI‐IV as excellent electron transporting materials. However, PDI‐V acted as ambipolar due to comparable λe and λh values. All investigated PDI‐I to PDI‐V molecules could act as suitable acceptors with previously designed X1 and X2 donors and their Voc ranged from 0.97‐1.51 V with X1 and from 0.80‐1.34 V with X2. In a nutshell, this computational analysis proved that investigated molecules have potential to be used in cost effective and efficient non‐fullerene organic solar cell devices.
NLO‐Phoric Emissive Quinoxaline Analog of Quinoline Yellow 54 and Z‐Scan Studies
Authors: Ayare Nitesh N. , Rajeshirke Manali , Sreenath Mavila C. , Chitrambalam Subramaniyan , Joe Isaac H. , Sekar Nagaiyan
Published: April 2019

Quinoxaline derivative QY 54 A, an analog of commercially available C.I. (Colour index) Disperse Yellow 54 (quinoline derivative) is synthesized and confirmed by 1H, 13C NMR, LC–MS, and CHN analysis. It is emissive (512 nm) with a quantum yield (ϕF) =0.34. The electrochemical properties of both the dyes were investigated using cyclic voltammetry (CV). The titled dyes are thermally stable (up to 350 °C). A comprehensive study of linear and nonlinear optical (NLO) properties of commercial dye (QY 54) and its analog (QY 54 A) are performed by Z‐scan and Density functional theory (DFT). The NLO (βo, γo) values obtained are compared with the NLO (βo, γo) values of urea. Ten different functionals are used to see the effect of %Hartree Fork (HF) exchange on computed NLO properties of both the dyes. The functional M06‐HF (100% HF) and ωB97 (0‐100% HF) perform better for evaluating NLO properties. The Z‐scan and DFT result reveal that QY 54 A and QY54 are excellent NLOphores. The stability and enhancement in NLO properties of QY 54 A are due to electrophilicity index (ω), the Intramolecular charge transfer (ICT) character is confirmed by HOMO‐LUMO study (2.19 eV), quinoid character (0.0230 A°) and molecular electrostatic potential (MEP) plots.
Large‐Area 3D Hierarchical Superstructures Assembled from Colloidal Nanoparticles
Authors: Song Guofen , Li Jinghan , Yuan Yang , Yao Lulu , Gu Jiajun , Liu Qinglei , Zhang Wang , Su Yishi , Zhang Di
Published: April 2019

Assembling nanosized building blocks into macroscopic 3D complex structures is challenging. Here, nanosized metal and semiconductor building blocks with a variety of sizes and shapes (spheres, stars, and rods) are successfully assembled into a broad range of hierarchical (nanometer to micrometer) assemblies of functional materials in centimeter size using butterfly wings as templates. This is achieved by the introduction of steric hindrance to the assembly process, which compensates for attraction from the environmentally sensitive hydrogen bonds and prevents the aggregation of nanosized building blocks. Of these materials, Au nanostar assemblies show a superior enhancement in surface‐enhanced Raman scattering (SERS) performance (rhodamine 6G, 1506 cm−1) under 532, 633, and 780 nm excitation—this is 3.1–4.4, 3.6–3.9, and 2.9–47.3 folds surpassing Au nanosphere assemblies and commercial SERS substrates (Q‐SERS), respectively. This method provides a versatile route for the assembly of various nanosized building blocks into different 3D superstructures and for the construction of hybrid nanomaterials and nanocomposites.
Abundant Ce3+ Ions in Au‐CeOx Nanosheets to Enhance CO2 Electroreduction Performance
Authors: Dong Hao , Zhang Lei , Li Lulu , Deng Wanyu , Hu Congling , Zhao Zhi‐Jian , Gong Jinlong
Published: April 2019

The electroreduction of CO2 to CO provides a potential way to solve the environmental problems caused by excess fossil fuel utilization. Loading transition metals on metal oxides is an efficient strategy for CO2 electroreduction as well as for reducing metal usage. However, it needs a great potential to overcome the energy barrier to increase CO selectivity. This paper describes how 8.7 wt% gold nanoparticles (NPs) loaded on CeOx
nanosheets (NSs) with high Ce3+ concentration effectively decrease the overpotential for CO2 electroreduction. The 3.6 nm gold NPs on CeOx
NSs containing 47.3% Ce3+ achieve CO faradaic efficiency of 90.1% at −0.5 V in 0.1 m KHCO3 solution. Furthermore, the CO2 electroreduction activity shows a strong relationship with the fractions of Ce3+ on Au‐CeOx
NSs, which has never been reported. In situ surface‐enhanced infrared absorption spectroscopy shows that Au‐CeOx
NSs with high Ce3+ concentration promote CO2 activation and *COOH formation. Theoretical calculations also indicate that the improved performance is attributed to the enhanced *COOH formation on Au‐CeOx
NSs with high Ce3+ fraction.
Polydopamine‐Capped Bimetallic AuPt Hydrogels Enable Robust Biosensor for Organophosphorus Pesticide Detection
Authors: Wu Yu , Jiao Lei , Xu Weiqing , Gu Wenling , Zhu Chengzhou , Du Dan , Lin Yuehe
Published: April 2019

Noble metal hydrogels/aerogels with macroscopic nanoassemblies characterized by ultralow density, profuse continuous porosity, and extremely large surface area have gained abundant interest due to not only their tunable physicochemical properties, but also promising applications in catalysis and sensing. Coupling the increased reaction temperature with dopamine‐induced effect, herein, a one‐step synthetic approach with accelerated gelation kinetics is reported for the synthesis of polydopamine‐capped bimetallic AuPt hydrogels. 3D porous nanowire networks with surface functionalization of polydopamine make them a promising biocompatible microenvironment for immobilizing acetylcholinesterase (AChE) and constructing enzyme‐based biosensors for sensitive detection of organophosphorus compounds. Taking advantage of their favorable structure and composition, the optimized product exhibits superior electrochemical activity toward thiocholine produced by AChE‐catalyzed hydrolysis of acetylthiocholine. Based on the inhibition of organophosphorus pesticide on the enzymatic activity of AChE, the inhibition mode for the detection of paraoxon‐ethyl is established, displaying linear regions over the range of 0.5–1000 ng L−1 with a low detection limit of 0.185 ng L−1.
An exploration of Illinois students' attitudes toward science using multivariate multilevel modeling with a cross‐sectional sample of responses from grades 5 through 10
Authors: Summers Ryan , Abd‐El‐Khalick Fouad
Published: April 2019

The present study examined students' attitudes toward science and associated constructs, based on the theories of reasoned action and planned behavior, and explored relationships between individual and school‐related variables common to the research literature. Responses from 1,291 students in Grades 5 through 10 were collected using the 30‐item Behaviors, Related Attitudes, and Intentions toward Science (BRAINS) Survey along with background information questions. Additional self‐report data were collected from teachers (n = 56; 82.4%) in participating schools (n = 68) to obtain information about their education and experience, characteristics and practices, as well as other classroom variables, which could influence students' outlook. Student information, teacher data collected, and other data compiled about participating schools, were used to explore patterns in students' attitudes, beliefs, and intentions. These variables were used to generate multivariate multilevel models through a forward construction process. The final model presented favors individual variables to explain differences in students' responses on all five of the BRAINS subscales, more than group‐level variables captured. Of the predictor variables explored, students' perceived science ability and frequency of talk with family were influential on all subscales, and increasing these variables had a positive effect on the estimated mean scores according to the final model presented. Findings from this study also include commonly observed relationships, such as the decline in attitudes over time, but these were found to be less pervasive in this sample. The paper concludes with a discussion about the comparative ineffectiveness of teacher and school‐related variables in explaining students' attitudes toward science in this study, in light of design decisions and limitations, to guide future investigations.
Effect of morphological type of extrauterine ectopic pregnancy on accuracy of preoperative ultrasound diagnosis
Authors: Dooley W. M. , Chaggar P. , De Braud L. V. , Bottomley C. , Jauniaux E. , Jurkovic D.
Published: April 2019

Objectives

To assess the overall accuracy of transvaginal ultrasound (TVS) for diagnosis of all types of extrauterine ectopic pregnancy (EUEP) in a large group of women who were managed surgically. We also aimed to assess the positive predictive value (PPV) of TVS for each of the different ultrasound morphological types of EUEP.

Methods

This was a retrospective observational study of all pregnant women who underwent emergency surgery following ultrasound diagnosis of EUEP at a single early pregnancy unit between January 2009 and December 2017. The preoperative TVS findings were recorded, including the exact location and morphological type (Type I–V; defined using ultrasound criteria) of EUEP. TVS findings were compared with operative and histological findings. The performance of ultrasound in diagnosing EUEP overall and according to morphological type was assessed, using visual confirmation of ectopic pregnancy at surgery as the reference standard.

Results

A total of 26 401 women presented with early‐pregnancy complications during the study period, including 1241 (4.7%; 95% CI, 4.5–5.0%) women with a conclusive diagnosis of EUEP on TVS or a presumed diagnosis based on severe pain and significant hemoperitoneum. Surgery was performed in 721/1241 (58.1%; 95% CI, 55.3–60.8%) cases, of which 710 (98.5%; 95% CI, 97.6–99.4%) had a conclusive diagnosis of EUEP on preoperative TVS. The remaining 11 women had severe pain and significant hemoperitoneum and were managed surgically on clinical grounds as an emergency, without an ectopic pregnancy having been identified on ultrasound examination. At laparoscopy, the diagnosis of EUEP was confirmed in 706/710 (99.4%; 95% CI, 98.6–99.8%) women with a positive ultrasound diagnosis and in all 11 women with a presumed ultrasound diagnosis of EUEP. The PPV of preoperative ultrasound for the diagnosis of EUEP was 99.4% (95% CI, 98.6–99.8%) with sensitivity of 98.5% (95% CI, 97.3–99.1%). There was no statistically significant difference in the accuracy of preoperative ultrasound diagnosis between the five morphological types (P = 0.76).

Conclusions

The accuracy of preoperative ultrasound for diagnosis of EUEP is high. The morphological type of EUEP on TVS had no significant effect on the accuracy of preoperative diagnosis. Copyright © 2019 ISUOG. Published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd.
Predictions of ice formations on wind turbine blades and power production losses due to icing
Authors: Yirtici Ozcan , Ozgen Serkan , Tuncer Ismail H.
Published: April 2019

Prediction of ice shapes on a wind turbine blade makes it possible to estimate the power production losses due to icing. Ice accretion on wind turbine blades is responsible for a significant increase in aerodynamic drag and decrease in aerodynamic lift and may even cause premature flow separation. All these events create power losses and the amount of power loss depends on the severity of icing and the turbine blade profile. The role of critical parameters such as wind speed, temperature, liquid water content on the ice shape, and size is analyzed using an ice accretion prediction methodology coupled with a blade element momentum tool. The predicted ice shapes on various airfoil profiles are validated against the available experimental and numerical data in the literature. The error in predicted rime and glime ice volumes and the maximum ice thicknesses varies between 3% and 25% in comparison with the experimental data depending on the ice type. The current study presents an efficient and accurate numerical methodology to perform an investigation for ice‐induced power losses under various icing conditions on horizontal axis wind turbines. The novelty of the present work resides in a unified and coupled approach that deals with the ice accretion prediction and performance analysis of iced wind turbines. Sectional ice profiles are first predicted along the blade span, where the concurrence of both rime and glaze ice formations may be observed. The power loss is then evaluated under the varying ice profiles along the blade. It is shown that the tool developed may effectively be used in the prediction of power production losses of wind turbines at representative atmospheric icing conditions.
Inspiratory- and expiratory-gated transcutaneous vagus nerve stimulation have different effects on heart rate in healthy subjects: preliminary results
Authors: Paleczny Bartłomiej , Seredyński Rafał , Ponikowska Beata
Published: April 2019

Purpose

Transcutaneous auricular vagus nerve stimulation (taVNS) has been considered for the treatment of sympathetically mediated disorders. However, the optimal mode of stimulation is unknown. This study aimed to compare the cardiovascular effects of respiratory-gated taVNS in healthy subjects.

Methods

The examination included expiratory-gated, inspiratory-gated, and non-respiratory-gated taVNS trials. Subjects were examined twice (the order of expiratory- and inspiratory-gated taVNS was changed). taVNS trials started with controlled breathing without stimulation (pre-stimulatory recording) followed by controlled breathing with taVNS (stimulatory recording). Synchronizing taVNS with the respiratory phase was computer-controlled. Heart rate (HR) was calculated from ECG. Systolic blood pressure (SBP) and systemic vascular resistance (SVR) were recorded continuously and noninvasively. Baroreflex sensitivity based on rising (BRS-UP) or falling SBP sequences (BRS-DOWN) or all sequences (BRS-ALL) and heart rate variability (HRV) were analyzed.

Results

Seventy-two taVNS trials were obtained from 12 subjects (age 23 ± 3 years). Pre-stimulatory HR correlated with change in HR (r = − 0.25) and SVR (r = 0.24, both p < 0.05). There were no differences between three stimulatory conditions in (1) the changes of hemodynamic parameters, (2) BRS-UP and BRS-ALL, or (3) HRV indices (all p > 0.20). However, in the group of high pre-stimulatory HR trials, HR change differed between inspiratory-gated (0.11 ± 0.53%) and both expiratory-gated (− 1.30 ± 0.58%, p = 0.06) and non-respiratory-gated taVNS (− 1.69 ± 0.65, p = 0.02). BRS-DOWN was higher in inspiratory- vs. non-respiratory-gated taVNS (15.4 ± 1.3 vs. 14.1 ± 0.9 ms/mmHg, p = 0.03).

Conclusions

Expiratory-gated and non-respiratory-gated taVNS exert clear cardioinhibitory effects in healthy subjects with high pre-stimulatory HR, whereas inspiratory-gated taVNS does not affect HR. Cardiac and vascular effects of taVNS depend on pre-stimulatory HR.
Correction to: Impact of different post-harvest processing methods on the chemical compositions of peony root
Authors: Zhu Shu , Shirakawa Aimi , Shi Yanhong , Yu Xiaoli , Tamura Takayuki , Shibahara Naotoshi , Yoshimatsu Kayo , Komatsu Katsuko
Published: April 2019

The article Impact of different post‑harvest processing methods on the chemical compositions of peony root.
Preanalytical sample handling recommendations for Alzheimer's disease plasma biomarkers
Authors: Rózga Małgorzata , Bittner Tobias , Batrla Richard , Karl Johann
Published: April 2019

Introduction

We examined the influence of common preanalytical factors on the measurement of Alzheimer's disease–specific biomarkers in human plasma.

Methods

Amyloid β peptides (Aβ[1‐40], Aβ[1‐42]) and total Tau plasma concentrations were quantified using fully automated Roche Elecsys assays.

Results

Aβ(1‐40), Aβ(1‐42), and total Tau plasma concentrations were not affected by up to three freeze/thaw cycles, up to five tube transfers, the collection tube material, or the size; circadian rhythm had a minor effect. All three biomarkers were influenced by the anticoagulant used, particularly total Tau. Aβ concentrations began decreasing 1 hour after blood draw/before centrifugation and decreased by up to 5% and 10% at 2 and 6 hours, respectively. For separated plasma, time to measurement influenced Aβ levels by up to 7% after 6 hours and 10% after 24 hours.

Discussion

Our findings provide guidance for standardizing blood sample collection, handling, and storage to ensure reliable analysis of Alzheimer's disease plasma biomarkers in routine practice and clinical trials.
How Social Media Communications Combine with Customer Loyalty Management to Boost Green Retail Sales
Authors: Lu Qiang Steven , Miller Rohan
Published: April 2019

This paper explores the combined impact of social media and customer relationship management (CRM) on retail sales in the context of green (aka organic, natural and healthy) retailing, specifically in terms of duration. In particular, the study explores the impact on green retail sales of altruistic or egoistic marketing posts on a Facebook brand page relative to CRM membership over time compared with other types of sales. The results show that the purchase expenditures for longer-term members of a retailer's loyalty rewards program are higher and that over time, consumers are more likely to respond to messages related to healthy benefits than to those related to price and environmental benefits. This study demonstrates the value of managing social media in conjunction with CRM, which can positively influence the purchase behavior of a retailer's most valuable customers.
FORCING QUASIRANDOMNESS WITH TRIANGLES
Authors: REIHER CHRISTIAN , SCHACHT MATHIAS
Published: April 2019

We studyforcing pairsforquasirandom graphs. Chung, Graham, and Wilson initiated the study of families ${\mathcal{F}}$of graphs with the property that if a large graph $G$has approximately homomorphism density$p^{e(F)}$for some fixed$p\in (0,1]$for every$F\in {\mathcal{F}}$, then $G$is quasirandom with density $p$. Such families${\mathcal{F}}$are said to beforcing. Several forcing families were found over the last three decades and characterizing all bipartite graphs $F$such that $(K_{2},F)$is a forcing pair is a well-known open problem in the area of quasirandom graphs, which is closely related to Sidorenko’s conjecture. In fact, most of the known forcing families involve bipartite graphs only.

We consider forcing pairs containing the triangle $K_{3}$. In particular, we show that if $(K_{2},F)$is a forcing pair, then so is$(K_{3},F^{\rhd })$, where$F^{\rhd }$is obtained from $F$by replacing every edge of$F$by a triangle (each of which introduces a new vertex). For the proof we first show that $(K_{3},C_{4}^{\rhd })$is a forcing pair, which strengthens related results of Simonovits and Sós and of Conlon et al.
‘Bridges Over Troubled Waters’? The Competitive Symbiosis of Social Democracy and Radical Left in Crisis-Ridden Southern Europe
Authors: Balampanidis Ioannis , Vlastaris Ioannis , Xezonakis George , Karagkiozoglou Magdalini
Published: April 2019

During the economic crisis, the radical left, especially in countries of the European South, continued its course from marginality to mainstream while social democracy found itself trapped in its previous strategic orientations. This article examines the two political families in a relational and comparative perspective, focusing on the interaction of social democratic and radical left parties that evolved in a series of national cases (Greece, Portugal, Spain and France) and in particular within the political and electoral cycle of 2015–17. The ideological, programmatic and strategic responses of these parties to the critical juncture of the crisis, which mark a convergence or deviation in the paths of the two ‘enemy brothers', shed light on their political and ideological mutations, transformations and/or adaptations.
An unexpected balance between outer Rayleigh streaming sources
Authors: Baltean-Carlès D. , Daru V. , Weisman C. , Tabakova S. , Bailliet H.
Published: April 2019

Acoustic streaming generated by a plane standing wave between two infinite plates or inside a cylindrical tube is considered, under the isentropic flow assumption. A two-dimensional analysis is performed in the linear case of slow streaming motion, based on analytical formal solutions of separate problems, each associated with a specific source term (Reynolds stress term). In order to obtain these analytical solutions, a necessary geometrical hypothesis is that $(R/L)^{2}\ll 1$, where $R$ and $L$ are the guide half-width (or radius) and length. The effect of the two source terms classically taken into account is quantified in order to derive the dependence of the maximum axial streaming velocity on the axis as a function of the ratio $R/\unicode[STIX]{x1D6FF}_{\unicode[STIX]{x1D708}}$, where $\unicode[STIX]{x1D6FF}_{\unicode[STIX]{x1D708}}$ is the acoustic boundary layer thickness. The effect of two other source terms that are usually neglected, is then analysed. It is found that one of these terms can generate a counter-rotating streaming flow. While negligible for very narrow guides, this term can become important for some values of the aspect ratio $L/R$.
Renewing the Yolŋu ‘Bothways’ philosophy: Warramiri transculturation education at Gäwa
Authors: Van Gelderen Ben , Guthadjaka Kathy
Published: April 2019

Abstract ‘Bothways’ was an expression first utilised by Yolŋu educators in the late 1980s to convey the profound intercultural epistemological foundations of Yolŋu society that should also apply to modern Balanda (white) schooling systems. Despite the pressures from national, standardised curriculum and assessment regimes, ‘Bothways’ has not been abandoned by remote Yolŋu communities in the 21st century. In this paper we briefly revisit the first iterations of the ‘Bothways’ philosophy to demonstrate its symmetry with the Yolŋu transculturation heritage (of the Warramiri in particular), developed through many centuries of contact with sea-faring visitors. Lastly, we present data from community research at Gäwa, a Warramiri homeland on Elcho Island, which demonstrates that through a series of ‘multiple balances’, negotiation around issues of bilingual pedagogy, cultural knowledge transmission, parental engagement and student–teacher dynamic continues to renew the ‘Bothways’ approach.
PSEUDOFINITE H-STRUCTURES AND GROUPS DEFINABLE IN SUPERSIMPLE H-STRUCTURES
Authors: ZOU TINGXIANG
Published: April 2019

In this article we explore some properties of H-structures which are introduced in [2]. We describe a construction of H-structures based on one-dimensional asymptotic classes which preserves pseudofiniteness. That is, the H-structures we construct are ultraproducts of finite structures. We also prove that under the assumption that the base theory is supersimple of SU-rank one, there are no new definable groups in H-structures. This improves the corresponding result in [2].
Black on Red: Late-Nineteenth and Early-Twentieth-Century New World Black Interpretative Uses of Native American Political Experience
Authors: Gordon Jane Anna , Lindsay Keisha
Published: April 2019

In an effort to address the dearth of literature regarding how African American political theorists have historically interpreted the meaning of Native political experience to make sense of their own, we chart what four influential New World Black writers, from the nineteenth and early-twentieth centuries, say about Native Americans. While there is some diversity among the particular interpretive foci of these historical works, each generally invokes Native Americans as having a shared experience of oppression with Blacks that warrants resistance; being crushed by circumstances in which African-descended people have survived and thrived; exemplifying oppression that has no redemptive power; providing evidence of the ongoing possibility of Black extinction; and as racially inferior to Blacks and thus in need of Black ladies’ supposedly civilizing qualities. This paper uses these historical Africana perspectives on Indigenous and Black relations to explore the political implications of forging individual and shared identities at the intersection of race and gender.
Effect of lifelong carnitine supplementation on plasma and tissue carnitine status, hepatic lipid metabolism and stress signalling pathways and skeletal muscle transcriptome in mice at advanced age
Authors: Cheema Uzman B. , Most Erika , Eder Klaus , Ringseis Robert
Published: April 2019

While strong evidence from clinical studies suggests beneficial effects of carnitine supplementation on metabolic health, serious safety concerns associated with carnitine supplementation have been raised from studies in mice. Considering that the carnitine doses in these mice studies were up to 100 times higher than those used in clinical studies, the present study aimed to address possible safety concerns associated with long-term supplementation of a carnitine dose used in clinical trials. Two groups of NMRI mice were fed either a control or a carnitine-supplemented diet (1 g/kg diet) from weaning to 19 months of age, and parameters of hepatic lipid metabolism and stress signalling and skeletal muscle gene expression were analysed in the mice at 19 months of age. Concentrations of free carnitine and acetylcarnitine in plasma and tissues were higher in the carnitine than in the control group (P<0·05). Plasma concentrations of free carnitine and acetylcarnitine were higher in mice at adult age (10 and 15 months) than at advanced age (19 months) (P<0·05). Hepatic mRNA and protein levels of genes involved in lipid metabolism and stress signalling and hepatic and plasma lipid concentrations did not differ between the carnitine and the control group. Skeletal muscle transcriptome analysis in 19-month-old mice revealed only a moderate regulation between carnitine and control group. Lifelong carnitine supplementation prevents an age-dependent impairment of plasma carnitine status, but safety concerns associated with long-term supplementation of carnitine at doses used in clinical trials can be considered as unfounded.
Maryjane Osa. Solidarity and Contention. Social Movements, Protest, and Contestation, vol. 18. Minneapolis: University of Minnesota Press, 2003.
Authors: Bernhard Michael
Published: April 2019

Osa's study is part of a larger literature that looks at the decomposition of communism and postcommunist politics through the prism of the literature on social movements. The book stands out, along with Grzegorz Ekiert and Jan Kubik's Rebellious Civil Society and John Glenn's Framing Democracy, as among the best in this school of research. Osa concentrates on the creation of networks of resistance in communist Poland from early 1950s to the period of Solidarity's formation and suppression in 1980–1982.
Low-shear three-dimensional equilibria and vacuum magnetic fields with flux surfaces
Authors: Sengupta Wrick , Weitzner Harold
Published: April 2019

Stellarators are generically small current and low plasma beta devices. Often the construction of vacuum magnetic fields with good magnetic surfaces is the starting point for an equilibrium calculation. Although in cases with some continuous spatial symmetry, flux functions can always be found for vacuum magnetic fields, an analogous function does not, in general, exist in three dimensions. This work examines several simple equilibria and vacuum magnetic field problems with the intent of demonstrating the possibilities and limitations in the construction of such states. Starting with a simple vacuum magnetic field with closed field lines in a topological torus (toroidal shell with a flat metric), we obtain a self-consistent formal perturbation series using the amplitude of the non-symmetric vacuum fields as a small parameter. We show that systems possessing stellarator symmetry allow the construction order by order. We further indicate the significance of stellarator symmetry in the amplitude expansion of the full ideal magnetohydrodynamics (MHD) problem as well. We then investigate the conditions that guarantee neighbouring flux surfaces given the data on one surface, by expanding in the distance from that surface. We show that it is much more difficult to find low shear vacuum fields with surfaces than force-free fields or ideal MHD equilibrium. Finally, we demonstrate the existence of a class of vacuum magnetic fields, analogous to ‘snakes’ observed in tokamaks, which can be expanded to all orders.
Child Abuse, Policy Communities, and Frame Contestation During the Progressive Era
Authors: Szymanski Ann-Marie
Published: April 2019

Why did child abuse become a less significant problem after 1910? This article focuses on frame contestation, and how child-protection organizations gradually lost control of the narrative about fragile families to a competing set of groups—those that emphasized “family saving.” Like many interest groups, the SPCCs developed an “issue frame” in their efforts to publicize their mission, which sought to define a problem (child abuse), attribute blame for that situation (inadequate parents), propose a solution (the removal of children from parents), and encourage others to support their cause. After 1900, however, “family saving” groups identified a problem related to child abuse (fragile families), portrayed poverty as a cause of family instability, and supported policies that sought to preserve families. While advocating for policies that strengthened families, however, they undercut child protectors’ most crucial weapon against child abuse, namely, the removal of affected children from inadequate parents.
“Ravished by Some Moron”: The Eugenic Origins of the Minnesota Psychopathic Personality Act of 1939
Authors: Ladd-Taylor Molly
Published: April 2019

Twenty U.S. states permit the indefinite detention of civilly committed sex offenders after the end of their prison sentences if their dangerousness is due to a “mental abnormality.” This article explores the origins of one such law by examining its predecessor, the Minnesota Psychopathic Personality Act of 1939. Passed in the wake of a panic over sex crimes and upheld by the Supreme Court in 1940, Minnesota’s psychopath statute extended a 1917 eugenics law providing for the compulsory civil commitment and institutionalization of “defectives” to persons alleged to have a psychopathic personality. Analyzing the 1917 and 1939 laws together shows how one state’s psychopath statute had less to do with psychiatric authority than with the legal and administrative framework established by Progressive-era eugenics. From the 1910s until today, dubious claims about the ability of science to identify potential criminals legitimized politically popular, but constitutionally questionable, forms of administrative and social control.
Tracing the Historical DNA and Unlikely Alliances of the American Charter School Movement
Authors: Goodridge Shane
Published: April 2019

More than three million children in the United States are currently enrolled in charter schools, with increasing enrollments despite strong evidence of academic gains. This historical analysis moves beyond a focus on academic outcomes and traces the success of the charter school movement, in part, to the foundational premise of restoring agency to educational stakeholders. State-mandated schooling was a counterintuitive feature of American policy that chafed against the founding ideals of the Republic and gradually engendered resentment among mostly white conservatives. Concurrently, in the aftermath ofBrown,factions of African American policymakers began to look for equitable educational alternatives. The unlikely alliance of these two antithetical constituencies resulted in the creation of a unique—albeit fragile—coalition and the passing of the Milwaukee Parental Choice Program and paved the way for the nation’s inaugural charter school policy passed in Minnesota in 1991.
‘Doing’ Llama Face Stew: A Late Moche Culinary Assemblage as a Domestic Dedicatory Deposit
Authors: Duke Guy S.
Published: April 2019

Presented here is a meal from a simple cooking vessel, excavated from the Late Moche (AD 600–850) site of Wasi Huachuma on the north coast of Peru. This meal, cooked in a whole, plain vessel and spilled beneath the floor of a domestic structure, was unambiguously marked by a large stone embedded in the floor. It contained diverse plant and animal materials associated with the sea, the coastal plains, the highlands and the jungle. Via its contents and placement, this meal embodies the ways in which the domestic world of exchange and interaction was deeply entangled with the spiritual and political. All at once, this meal was utilitarian, domestic, industrial, ritually charged and politically embedded. Within it, the fruits of communities, geographical regions and ideas were assembled together to be realized as a dedicatory offering within, and potentially to, this domestic structure. I argue that this meal both contains and is contained by a milieu that is eminently local and mundane as well as worldly and supernatural.
Optimal timing of the Ross procedure in the management of chronic aortic incompetence in the young
Authors: Cheung Michael M. H. , Sullivan Ian D. , de Leval Marc R. , Tsang Victor T. , Redington Andrew N.
Published: April 2019

The appropriate timing of intervention in patients with chronic aortic incompetence allows recovery of ventricular function. We sought to determine the optimal timing of the Ross procedure for chronic aortic incompetence in young patients. We retrospectively analysed case notes, and measured pre- and postoperative echocardiographic indexes of left ventricular function, in patients who had undergone the Ross procedure for chronic aortic incompetence. Methods and results: We found 21 patients with preoperative and postoperative data suitable for analysis. Their age at operation ranged from 5.6 to 26 years, with a median of 13.8 years, and the duration of follow-up was from 0.5 to 6.8 years, with a median of 2.4 years. The preoperative left ventricular end-diastolic dimension was converted to a z-score, and this was used as a threshold to divide the population. Using the threshold of a preoperative left ventricular z-score of more than 3 to divide the population did not show any difference in postoperative parameters of left ventricular function. Significant differences were found postoperatively, however, in both the left ventricular z-score and the ratio of left ventricular end-diastolic radius to posterior wall thickness in diastole, with a cutoff preoperative threshold z-score greater than 4. Conclusion: The increase in the ratio of left ventricular end-diastolic radius to the thickness of the posterior wall in diastole would suggest that there is disruption of left ventricular short axis architecture and myocardial contractile function when intervention is postponed. The significantly larger left ventricular dimension at end-diastole, despite the reduction in volume loading post surgery, may also demonstrate irreversible structural changes. Our data would suggest that recovery of left ventricular function is less likely when the left ventricular z-score has reached the value of 4, and that, ideally, intervention should be performed when the z-score approaches or exceeds 3.
Echocardiographic considerations during deployment of the Helex Septal Occluder for closure of atrial septal defects
Authors: Lopez Leo , Ventura Roque , Welch Elizabeth M. , Nykanen David G. , Zahn Evan M.
Published: April 2019

The Helex Septal Occluder is a new device used to close atrial septal defects via interventional catheterization. In order to study the role of echocardiography during its use, and to describe the morphologic variants of defects suitable for closure with this occluder, we evaluated all patients undergoing intended closure of an atrial septal defect with the Helex occluder. A combination of transthoracic, transesophageal, three-dimensional, and intracardiac echocardiography were used before, during, and after the procedure to characterize anatomy, assess candidacy for closure, guide the device during its deployment, and evaluate results. Among the 60 candidates included in the study, 11 were excluded because of transesophageal echocardiographic and/or catheterization data obtained in the laboratory. Attempts at closure were successful in 46 patients, and unsuccessful in 3. We successfully treated four types of defects. These were defects positioned centrally within the oval fossa with appreciable rims along the entire circumference of the defect, defects with deficient or absent segments of the rim, defects with aneurysm of the primary atrial septum, and defects with multiple fenestrations. Follow-up transthoracic echocardiograms taken at a median of 7 months demonstrated no residual defects in 21, trivial residual defects in 17, and small residual defects in 8 patients. In 20 patients, three-dimensional reconstructions were used to characterize the morphology of the defect and the position of the device. Because transesophageal echocardiography was often limited by acoustic interference from the device, intracardiac echocardiography was utilized in 3 cases to overcome this limitation.
Discrepancies between the California Verbal Learning Test: Children's version and the Children's Category Test after pediatric traumatic brain injury
Authors: DONDERS JACOBUS , GIROUX ADAM
Published: April 2019

One hundred 9–16-year-old children with traumatic brain injury (TBI) completed the California Verbal Learning Test–Children's Version (CVLT–C) and the Children's Category Test (CCT) within 1 year after injury. Performance contrasts between these two instruments that were unusually large (> 16Tscore points) were about as common in this clinical sample as in the standardization sample of both instruments. However, relatively poor performance on the CVLT–C as compared to the CCT was associated with prolonged coma and lower scores on the Processing Speed index of the Wechsler Intelligence Scale for Children–Third Edition. It is concluded that a relative weakness on the CVLT–C is more likely to reflect cerebral compromise after pediatric TBI than is a relative weakness on the CCT. (JINS, 2005,11, 386–391.)
Early and late life cognitive activity and cognitive systems in old age
Authors: WILSON ROBERT S. , BARNES LISA L. , KRUEGER KRISTIN R. , HOGANSON GEORGE , BIENIAS JULIA L. , BENNETT DAVID A.
Published: April 2019

Little is known about the relative benefits of cognitively stimulating activities at different points in the lifespan. In a cohort of 576 older persons without dementia, we assessed current and past (childhood, young adulthood, middle age) frequency of cognitive activity; availability of cognitively stimulating resources in the home in childhood and middle age; and 5 domains of cognitive function. Past cognitive activity and cognitive resources were positively correlated with both current cognitive activity and current cognitive function. The association with cognitive function was reduced after controlling for current cognitive activity, however. Current cognitive activity was associated with better cognitive function, especially semantic memory and perceptual speed, even after controlling for past activity. The results suggest that past cognitive activity contributes to current cognition principally through its association with cognitive activity in old age. (JINS, 2005,11, 400–407.)
Is impairment in set-shifting specific to frontal-lobe dysfunction? Evidence from patients with frontal-lobe or temporal-lobe epilepsy
Authors: MCDONALD CARRIE R. , DELIS DEAN C. , NORMAN MARC A. , TECOMA EVELYN S. , IRAGUI-MADOZ VICENTE J.
Published: April 2019

Frontal-lobe epilepsy (FLE), temporal-lobe epilepsy (TLE), and matched-control subjects were administered the Trail Making Test (TMT) of the Delis-Kaplan Executive Function System (D-KEFS; Delis et al., 2001), which assesses set-shifting on a visuomotor sequencing task. Results indicated that patients with FLE were impaired in both speed and accuracy on the switching condition relative to patients with TLE and controls. The two patient groups did not differ from controls on the four baseline conditions of the test, which assess visual scanning, motor speed, number sequencing, and letter sequencing. In addition, seizure-related variables (i.e., age of seizure onset, duration of epilepsy, and seizure frequency) failed to correlate with set-shifting performance in patients with FLE. These results suggest that patients with FLE can be reliably distinguished from those with TLE and control subjects on set-shifting as measured by the DKEFS TMT. (JINS, 2005,11, 477–481.)
Comments on a case of pure word deafness
Authors: BINDER JEFFREY R.
Published: April 2019

Perception of speech is effortless under most circumstances; this may
explain why the complexity of this cognitive process is so often
unappreciated. While most other sounds in the environment are acoustically
very distinctive, the 30 or 40 speech sounds people make are discriminable
only by rapid analysis of rather subtle acoustic cues. Given the
importance of language, it seems plausible not only that our auditory
system evolved a degree of specialization for handling such analyses, but
also that this specialization should assimilate substantial neural
resources. Recent work in comparative physiology and human brain imaging
suggests, in fact, that much of the superior temporal gyrus in humans is
devoted to this perceptual feat.
Role of frontal cortex in inferential reasoning: Evidence from the Word Context Test
Authors: KEIL KATRINA , BALDO JULIANA , KAPLAN EDITH , KRAMER JOEL , DELIS DEAN C.
Published: April 2019

Problem: Inferential reasoning in language involves the ability to deduce information based on context and prior experience. This ability has been generally studied as a right-hemisphere function. Recent research, however, has suggested that inferencing involves anterior regions of both the left and right hemispheres. Methods: We further explored this idea by testing a group of non-aphasic, focal frontal patients (right and left hemisphere) on a new test of inferencing, the Word Context Test. The Word Context Test requires examinees to identify the meaning of a made-up word (e.g.,prifa) based on its use in a series of sentences. Findings: Patients with frontal lobe lesions were significantly impaired on this task relative to a group of age- and education-matched controls. Contrary to earlier research focusing on a special role for the right hemisphere in inferencing, there was considerable overlap in performance of right- and left-frontal patients, with right-frontal patients performing better. Conclusions: These findings suggest that inferencing is disrupted following focal frontal injury and have implications for discourse comprehension in non-aphasic patients. (JINS, 2005,11, 426–433.)
Coordination, Communication, and Information: How Network Structure and Knowledge Affect Group Behavior
Authors: McCubbins Mathew D. , Weller Nicholas
Published: April 2019

Communication is central to solving coordination problems in politics. In this paper, we show that both the communication network and what people know about the network structure affect coordination. Increases in the number of connections between people make coordination easier and so does increasing the amount of information people have about the structure. We also demonstrate that highly connected nodes in the network can facilitate coordination, but only if individuals have sufficient knowledge to identify the presence of these nodes. Our results suggest the importance of understanding network knowledge and its effects on behavior.