bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Oxidative Stress Induced Osteocyte Apoptosis in Steroid‐Induced Femoral Head Necrosis
Authors: Fan Zhen‐Qi , Bai Shu‐Cai , Xu Qian , Li Zhi‐Jun , Cui Wen‐Hao , Li Hui , Li Xiao‐Hui , Zhang Hua‐Feng
Published: September 2021

Objective

To investigate the effect and mechanism of Glucocorticoids (GCs) induced oxidative stress and apoptosis on necrosis of the femoral head in patients and rats.

Methods

Eight patients with steroid‐induced avascular necrosis of the femoral head (SINFH) and eight patients with developmental dysplasia of the hips (DDH) were enrolled in our study. In animal model, twenty male Sprague‐Dawley rats were randomly divided into two groups (SINFH group and NS group). The SINFH model group received the methylprednisolone (MPS) injection, while control group was injected with normal saline (NS). MRI was used to confirm SINFH rat model was established successfully. Then, the rats were sacrificed 4 weeks later and femoral head samples were harvested. Histopathological staining was preformed to evaluate osteonecrosis. TUNEL staining was performed with 8‐OHdG and DAPI immunofluorescence staining to evaluate oxidative injury and osteocyte apoptosis. Immunohistochemistry staining was used to detect Nox1, Nox2, and Nox4 protein expression.

Results

MRI showed signs of typical osteonecrosis of femoral head in SIHFH patients. Histopathological staining showed that the rate of empty lacunae in SINFH patients was significantly higher (56.88% ± 9.72% vs 19.92% ± 4.18%, T = −11.04, P < 0.001) than that in DDH patients. The immunofluorescence staining indicated that the TUNEL‐positive cell and 8‐OHdG‐positve cell in SINFH patients were significantly higher (49.32% ± 12.95% vs 8.00% ± 2.11%, T = −7.04, P = 0.002, 54.6% ± 23.8% vs 9.75% ± 3.31%, T = −4.17, P = 0.003) compared to the DDH patients. The immunohistochemistry staining showed that the protein expression of NOX1, NOX2 and NOX4 in SINFH patients were significantly increased (64.50% ± 7.57% vs 37.58% ± 9.23%, T = −3.88, P = 0.018, 90.84% ± 2.93% vs 49.56% ± 16.47%, T = −5.46, P = 0.001, 85.46% ± 9.3% vs 40.69% ± 6.77%, T = −8.03, P = 0.001) compared to the DDH patients. In animal model, MRI showed signs of edema of femoral head in MPS group, which represents SINFH rat model was established successfully. Histological evaluation showed the rate of empty lacunae in MPS group was significantly higher (25.85% ± 4.68% vs 9.35% ± 1.99%, T = −7.96, P < 0.001) than that in NS group. The immunofluorescence staining indicated that the TUNEL‐positive cell and 8‐OHdG‐positve cell (in MPS group were significantly increased (31.93% ± 1.01% vs 11.73% ± 1.16%, T = −32.26, P < 0.001, 47.59% ± 1.39% vs 22.07% ± 2.45%, T = −22.18, P < 0.001) compared to the NS group. The immunohistochemistry staining showed that the expression of NOX2 in MPS group was significantly increased (76.77% ± 8.34% vs 50.32% ± 10.84%, T = −4.74, P = 0.001) compare with NS group.

Conclusion

Our findings indicated that GC‐induced NOXs expression may be an important source of oxidative stress, which could lead to osteocyte apoptosis in the process of SINFH
Using transects to disentangle the environmental drivers of plant‐microbiome assembly
Authors: Mittelstrass Jana , Sperone F. Gianluca , Horton Matthew W.
Published: September 2021

Environmental heterogeneity is a major driver of plant‐microbiome assembly, but the specific climate and soil conditions that are involved remain poorly understood. To better understand plant microbiome formation, we examined the bacteria and fungi that colonize wild strawberry (Fragaria vesca) plants in North American and European populations. Using transects as replicates, we found strong overlap among the environmental conditions that best predict the overall similarity and richness of the plant microbiome, including soil nutrients that replicate across continents. Temperature is also among the main predictors of diversity for both bacteria and fungi in both the leaf and, unexpectedly, the root microbiome. Our results indicate that a small number of environmental factors, and their interactions, consistently contribute to plant microbiome formation, which has implications for predicting the contributions of microbes to plant productivity in ever‐changing environments.
Anaphylaxis and epinephrine autoinjector use in pediatric patients with cutaneous mastocytosis
Authors: Ertugrul Aysegul , Baskaya Nevzat , Cetin Sema , Bostanci Ilknur
Published: September 2021

Background/Objectives

Mastocytosis is a complex disorder presenting with a broad clinical spectrum. In this study, we aimed to evaluate the frequency of systemic symptoms, necessity of the usage of epinephrine autoinjectors (EAI), and factors affecting the use of EAI among pediatric patients with cutaneous mastocytosis (CM).

Methods

The study population was composed of 53 patients with CM. The clinical data were collected from the medical files. A questionnaire about the patient's anaphylaxis experiences and treatment attitudes toward EAI was performed.

Results

Thirty‐three of 53 patients were male (62.3%), and the median age of the study participants was 80 months. Anaphylaxis was reported in two patients (3.7%). One of the patients had drug‐induced anaphylaxis, and the other had venom‐induced anaphylaxis. Three patients (5.6%) reported a personal history of EAI use due to systemic symptoms. Patients with higher serum tryptase level and cases of familial mastocytosis had more systemic symptoms (P = .012 and P = .010, respectively). The patient rate of compliance with EAI for prescription filling and carrying the EAI was 88.7% and 79.2% respectively. 41.5% of parents were hesitant to use EAI when necessary, although they were trained for the use of it by medical staff.

Conclusions

The rate of anaphylaxis in patients with CM in the current study wassignificant and justifies prescribing EAI. Detailed education and counseling on EAI usage are needed to reduce parental hesitancy.
Retrospective review of confluent and reticulated papillomatosis in pediatric patients
Authors: Xiao Teresa L. , Duan Grace Y. , Stein Sarah L.
Published: September 2021

Background/Objectives

Confluent and reticulated papillomatosis is a skin condition with unclear etiology and limited understanding of risk factors, comorbidities, and treatment strategies in the pediatric population. This study aims to describe the varied presentations and outcomes of confluent and reticulated papillomatosis and report associated comorbidities in pediatric patients.

Methods

In this retrospective single‐institution case‐control study, pediatric patients with a diagnosis of confluent and reticulated papillomatosis seen between 2012 and 2020 were matched approximately 1:5 with an acne vulgaris cohort based on diagnosis, setting, and time period when seen. The primary measures were the clinical features, demographics, comorbidities, treatment, and outcomes of patients with confluent and reticulated papillomatosis. Univariate and multivariable analyses were conducted to describe the association of confluent and reticulated papillomatosis with several potential risk factors and comorbidities.

Results

Patients with confluent and reticulated papillomatosis typically presented in adolescence with a median age of 14 years and female predominance. In a multivariable analysis, patients with confluent and reticulated papillomatosis were significantly more likely to identify as Black, be overweight or obese, and have concurrent acanthosis nigricans compared to control patients. Most of the confluent and reticulated papillomatosis patients were treated with oral minocycline or doxycycline. Although all patients who received antibiotics responded to treatment, approximately half presented with recurrence, typically within 1–2 years of first treatment.

Conclusions

Confluent and reticulated papillomatosis is a disorder that presents in adolescence and appears to be more frequent in patients who are Black, obese, or overweight, and also have acanthosis nigricans. Clinicians should assess patients with confluent and reticulated papillomatosis for comorbidities, particularly those associated with insulin resistance, which may help reduce long‐term disease burden.
An unusual pediatric case of atypical spitzoid neoplasm
Authors: Sitenga Graison , Aird Jenna , Wieland Carilyn , Moran Steven L. , Tollefson Megha
Published: September 2021

Spitzoid melanocytic lesions describe a spectrum of pediatric melanocytic proliferations ranging from benign Spitz nevi to malignant spitzoid melanomas typically arising within the first two decades of life. Atypical spitzoid neoplasm (ASN) is a poorly defined category within this spectrum that poses a unique diagnostic challenge due to histologic findings with insufficient atypical characteristics to make the diagnosis of melanoma. This report presents an exceptionally rare case of an ulcerative atypical spitzoid neoplasm mimicking an infantile hemangioma in a two‐month‐old girl treated with pulse dyed laser (PDL) and surgical excision. Our patient ultimately underwent five excisions over a 2‐year period, with successful maintenance of function and dexterity of the affected fingers.
Involvement of brain structures in childhood epilepsy with centrotemporal spikes
Authors: Ito Yuji , Maki Yuki , Okai Yu , Kidokoro Hiroyuki , Bagarinao Epifanio , Takeuchi Tomoya , Ohno Atsuko , Nakata Tomohiko , Ishihara Naoko , Okumura Akihisa , Yamamoto Hiroyuki , Maesawa Satoshi , Natsume Jun
Published: September 2021

Background

We aimed to investigate electroencephalography (EEG)‐functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) findings to elucidate the interictal epileptiform discharge (IED)‐related functional alterations in deep brain structures and the neocortex in childhood epilepsy with centrotemporal spikes (CECTS).

Methods

Ten children with CECTS (median age 8.2 years), referred to our hospital within a year of onset, were eligible for inclusion. They underwent EEG‐fMRI recording during sleep. Llongitudinal evaluations, including medical examinations, intelligence tests, and questionnaires about developmental disabilities, were performed. The initial evaluation was performed at the same time as the EEG‐fMRI, and the second evaluation was performed over 2 years after the initial evaluation.

Results

Three children were unable to maintain sleep during the EEG‐fMRI recording, and the remaining seven children were eligible for further assessment. All patients showed unilateral‐dominant centrotemporal spikes during scans. One patient had only positive hemodynamic responses, while the others had both positive and negative hemodynamic responses. All patients showed IED‐related hemodynamic responses in the bilateral neocortex. For deep brain structures, IED‐related hemodynamic responses were observed in the cingulate gyrus (n = 4), basal ganglia (n = 3), thalamus (n = 2), and default mode network (n = 1). Seizure frequencies at the second evaluation were infrequent or absent, and the longitudinal results of intelligence tests and questionnaires were within normal ranges.

Conclusions

We demonstrated that IEDs affect broad brain areas, including deep brain structures such as the cingulate gyrus, basal ganglia, and thalamus. Deep brain structures may play an important role in the pathophysiology of CECTS.
Psychometric validation and cross‐cultural comparison of the Romantic Inclination Scale
Authors: Kanth Barani , van Dulmen Manfred H. M. , De Luca Bishop Haylee , S Kadhiravan
Published: September 2021

Research on romantic involvement among young adults in non‐Western populations is very sparse. In Study 1, using data from 718 young adults from India, we tested the factorial structure and measurement invariance (MI) of a 30‐item Romantic Inclination Scale (RIS). The results showed that a seven‐factor, 23‐item solution fitted the data well. MI analysis demonstrated partial metric invariance across gender and partial scalar invariance across relationship history. In Study 2, involving participants from India (n = 424) and the United States (n = 459), we compared the psychometric properties of the RIS. The seven‐factor, 23‐item version of the RIS fitted the data adequately, and partial metric invariance was achieved across the Indian and US samples. Cross‐cultural research implications and future directions are discussed.
Social structural explanation
Authors: Soon Valerie
Published: September 2021

Social problems such as racism, sexism, and inequality are often cited as structural rather than individual in nature. What does it mean to invoke a social structural explanation, and how do such explanations relate to individualistic ones? This article explores recent philosophical debates concerning the nature and usages of social structural explanation. I distinguish between two central kinds of social structural explanation: those that are autonomous from psychology, and those that are not. This distinction will help clarify the explanatory power that each type of SSE has, points of convergence with methodological traditions such as critical theory and rational choice theory, and the difficulties that each type of SSE faces.
Factors linked to accessing COVID‐19 recommendations among working migrants
Authors: Zlotnick Cheryl , Dryjanska Laura , Suckerman Suzanne
Published: September 2021

Objectives

Guided by the Health Belief Model (HBM), this study explored factors associated with accessing COVID‐19 health information.

Design/sample

A cross‐sectional study design was used.

Sample

Migrants (n = 259) employed in Israel prior to the onset of the COVID‐19 pandemic were recruited.

Measurements

The on‐line questionnaire included: The Satisfaction with Life Scale, the Brief Resilience Coping Scale and Immigrants' Language Ability scale.

Results

Migrants obtaining COVID‐19 information when issued were more likely to have decreased employment or unemployment after COVID‐19 government restrictions (OR = 1.98; CI = 1.03, 3.89; p < .05) and more likely to have a better language ability (OR = 1.20; CI = 1.10, 1.32, p < .0001), but they were less likely to use family and/or friends as their COVID‐19 health resource (OR = 0.54, CI = 0.30, 0.96; p < .05). Migrants encountering the most employment difficulties were: female (p < .05), older age (p < .05), unmarried (p < .01), with unstable finances (p < .0001), and in Israel less than 5 years (p < .01).

Conclusions

Migrants with more precarious employment had more societal disadvantage (i.e., women, older age, unmarried, poorer socioeconomic status, and newer migrants) and relied on informal and potentially inaccurate, health sources. Public health officials aiming to decrease COVID‐19 infection must improve health information access to all members of society, particularly at‐risk groups such as migrants.
Genetic distribution of the avirulence gene AVRPiz‐t in Thai rice blast isolates and their pathogenicity to the broad‐spectrum resistant rice variety Toride 1
Authors: Damchuay Katanyutita , Srirat Tanakorn , Sirisathaworn Thanyaluk , Longya Apinya , Teerasan Wattanaporn , Tasanasuwan Piyama , Korinsak Siripar , Jantasuriyarat Chatchawan , Toojinda Theerayut
Published: September 2021

Rice blast disease, caused by the filamentous fungus Pyricularia oryzae, is one of the most destructive diseases in rice worldwide. Breeding of resistant rice cultivars remains a cost‐effective and environment‐friendly means for controlling blast disease, but the resistance tends to break down over time because of the pathogen's rapid adaptation. In this study, AVRPiz‐t gene sequences of 46 rice blast isolates were evaluated using a Southern blot analysis. The AVRPiz‐t gene was present in 24 of 46 (52.2%) rice blast isolates. The pathogenicity assay showed that all blast isolates were avirulent against Japanese rice cv. Toride 1, which carries several rice blast resistance genes including Piz‐t, Pii, Pi37, and Pi‐ta. Screening for the Piz‐t gene in Thai rice germplasm revealed that less than 20% of rice varieties harbour the Piz‐t gene. Therefore, the Toride 1 rice variety could serve as an effective donor of rice blast resistance to be used in rice breeding programmes in Thailand. This study provides evidence for co‐evolution between the rice blast resistance gene Piz‐t and the rice blast fungal avirulence gene AVRPiz‐t. Understanding this relationship will facilitate the sustainable development of breeding for rice blast resistance in the future.
The Idea of Small Justice
Authors: Crowe Jonathan
Published: September 2021

Talk about social or distributive justice, at least among legal and political philosophers, tends to focus heavily on institutions. This way of thinking about justice owes a great deal to John Rawls. Rawls’s theory of justice was famously criticised by Robert Nozick, who in turn attracted an influential critique from G. A. Cohen. The story of these critiques is well known, but this article tells it in an unfamiliar way. The common theme in Nozick’s and Cohen’s arguments, I contend, is that there is a way of thinking about social justice that focuses not primarily on institutions, but rather on interpersonal relationships. I call this idea small justice. Justice, on this view, is identified with whatever institutions would arise through a process of social evolution from ethical interpersonal dealings repeated consistently over time.
Janus‐Faced Coherentism and the Forgotten Role of Formal Principles
Authors: Camarena González Rodrigo
Published: September 2021

Coherentists fail to distinguish between the individual revision of a conviction and the intersubjective revision of a rule. This paper fills this gap. A conviction is a norm that, according to an individual, ought to be ascribed to a provision. By contrast, a rule is a judicially ascribed norm that controls a case and is protected by the formal principles of competence, certainty, and equality. A revision of a rule is the invalidation or modification such a judicially ascribed norm, provided that the judge meets the burden of argumentation of formal principles. Thus, judges can revise their convictions without changing the law.
From German Internet Panel to Mannheim Corona Study: Adaptable probability-based online panel infrastructures during the pandemic
Authors: Cornesse Carina , Krieger Ulrich , Sohnius Marie-Lou , Fikel Marina , Friedel Sabine , Rettig Tobias , Wenz Alexander , Juhl Sebastian , Lehrer Roni , Möhring Katja , Naumann Elias , Reifenscheid Maximiliane , Blom Annelies G.
Published: September 2021

The outbreak of COVID-19 has sparked a sudden demand for fast, frequent and accurate data on the societal impact of the pandemic. This demand has highlighted a divide in survey data collection: Most probability-based social surveys, which can deliver the necessary data quality to allow valid inference to the general population, are slow, infrequent and ill-equipped to survey people during a lockdown. Most non-probability online surveys, which can deliver large amounts of data fast, frequently and without interviewer contact, however, cannot provide the data quality needed for population inference. Well aware of this chasm in the data landscape, at the onset of the pandemic, we set up the Mannheim Corona Study (MCS), a rotating panel survey with daily data collection on the basis of the long-standing probability-based online panel infrastructure of the German Internet Panel (GIP). The MCS has provided academics and political decision makers with key information to understand the social and economic developments during the early phase of the pandemic. This paper describes the panel adaptation process, demonstrates the power of the MCS data on its own and when linked to other data sources, and evaluates the data quality achieved by the MCS fast-response methodology.
Transitioning a Panel Survey from in-person to Predominantly Web Data Collection: Results and Lessons Learned
Authors: Biemer Paul P. , Harris Kathleen Mullan , Burke Brian J. , Liao Dan , Halpern Carolyn Tucker
Published: September 2021

Over the last two decades, in-person interviewing costs continued to increase while the data quality advantages traditionally identified with this data collection mode have faded. Consequently, some longitudinal surveys have begun transitioning from in-person to web data collection despite risks to data quality and longitudinal comparability. This paper addresses the major issues involved in the transition process and proposes a multi-sample, multi-phase responsive design that attempts to minimize the data quality risks while preserving the considerable cost savings promised by the transition. The paper describes the design as it was applied to the National Longitudinal Study of Adolescent to Adult Health (Add Health)—a nationally representative panel survey of around 20,000 adolescents selected from grades 7 to 12 (typically 13 to 18 years of age) in the 1994–95 school year. Also described are key results from several experiments embedded within the design and the analysis of mode effects. Also presented are some lessons learned and recommendations for other in-person panel surveys that may be contemplating a similar transition to web or mixed-mode data collection.
Mothers view about oral health status, oral hygiene behaviors, and dental services utilization of their children with hearing impairment attending special schools
Authors: Rajabloo Soofia , Pakkhesal Mina , Naghavi Alhosseini AliAkbar , Ghorbani Zahra , Rajabi Abdolhalim
Published: September 2021

Aim

Parents are the principal decision‐makers regarding their child's health. Awareness of mothers’ view about their children's health, particularly with special health care needs (SHCN) (include hearing impaired children), is essential for health care providers. Therefore, the present study aimed to assess the mothers view about oral health status, oral hygiene practices, and dental services utilization of their children with hearing impairment attending special schools.

Methods

A cross‐sectional study was conducted between May and September 2020 among mothers of students with hearing impairment attending special schools. Also, the telephone structured interview was used to gathering mothers view.

Results

57.4% of the mothers rated their children's oral health status as excellent or good, 27.9% as moderate, and 14.7% as poor. About half of the mothers (49.2%) stated that their children used toothbrushes once daily, and 15% use dental floss. Also, 54% of the children visited the dentist before this survey's conduct.

Conclusion

The findings of the present study suggest that children with hearing impairment can also have good oral health status and behaviors. These results may be attributed to the fact that the study sample was taken from two special schools. Also, only the mothers’ perception assessment of students’ oral health status was done. Further studies are required to increase the strength of evidence.
Applications of geospatial big data in the Internet of Things
Authors: Silva Dennis Sávio , Holanda Maristela
Published: September 2021

The Internet of Things (IoT) paradigm represents networks of objects that, without requiring human action, sense and interact with the environment, collect data, and transmit these data for users and applications via the internet. IoT applications can generate a massive amount of data, with a significant part containing geospatial aspects and requiring applications to deal with the objects' geospatial relationships and extract information and knowledge. This article describes a systematic literature mapping investigating the geospatial evolution of big data in the IoT. For the mapping, 116 documents were selected from four academic databases—Scopus, IEEE Xplore, ACM Digital Library, and Web of Science—and classified according to their main contributions. The analysis of these works allowed us to view what domains have applied geospatial big data from IoT, the artifacts that support this application, and the most prolific authors and venues involved in this research area.
Multi‐omics network‐based functional annotation of unknown Arabidopsis genes
Authors: Depuydt Thomas , Vandepoele Klaas
Published: September 2021

Unraveling gene function is pivotal to understanding the signaling cascades that control plant development and stress responses. As experimental profiling is costly and labor intensive, there is a clear need for high‐confidence computational annotation. In contrast to detailed gene‐specific functional information, transcriptomics data are widely available for both model and crop species. Here, we describe a novel automated function prediction method, which leverages complementary information from multiple expression datasets by analyzing study‐specific gene co‐expression networks. First, we benchmarked the prediction performance on recently characterizedArabidopsis thalianagenes, and showed that our method outperforms state‐of‐the‐art expression‐based approaches. Next, we predicted biological process annotations for known (n = 15 790) and unknown (n = 11 865) genes inA. thalianaand validated our predictions using experimental protein–DNA and protein–protein interaction data (covering >220 000 interactions in total), obtaining a set of high‐confidence functional annotations. Our method assigned at least one validated annotation to 5054 (42.6%) unknown genes, and at least one novel validated function to 3408 (53.0%) genes with computational annotations only. These omics‐supported functional annotations shed light on a variety of developmental processes and molecular responses, such as flower and root development, defense responses to fungi and bacteria, and phytohormone signaling, and help fill the information gap on biological process annotations in Arabidopsis. An in‐depth analysis of two context‐specific networks, modeling seed development and response to water deprivation, shows how previously uncharacterized genes function within the respective networks. Moreover, our automated function prediction approach can be applied in future studies to facilitate gene discovery for crop improvement.
Intraoperative cholangiography and bile duct flushing in 47 dogs receiving laparoscopic cholecystectomy for benign gallbladder disease: A retrospective analysis
Authors: Kanai Hiroo , Minamoto Tomomi , Nukaya Aya , Kondo Motoki , Aso Toshihide , Fujii Ayako , Hagiwara Ken
Published: September 2021

Objective

To describe a laparoscopic approach for performing intraoperative cholangiography (IOC) and bile duct flushing (BDF) during laparoscopic cholecystectomy (LC) in dogs. To investigate the clinical outcomes of dogs undergoing these procedures for the treatment of benign gallbladder disease, ie gallbladder mucocele (GM) or cholecystitis.

Study design

Retrospective study.

Animals

Forty‐seven client‐owned dogs.

Methods

Medical records of client‐owned dogs with benign gallbladder diseases that underwent IOC and BDF during LC between September 2016 and December 2019 were reviewed. Of these dogs, only dogs with GM or cholecystitis were included in the study. The fundus dissection first method was used for LC. Intraoperative cholangiography and BDF procedures were performed laparoscopically using a catheter inserted into the cystic duct following dissection within the subserosal layer of the gallbladder. Videos recorded during each procedure were reviewed, and data on procedure duration, completion, outcome, and technical approach were recorded.

Results

Forty‐seven dogs were included in the study. The median procedure time for BDF and IOC was 4 min (range, 2‐48 min), and no intraoperative or postoperative complications occurred.

Conclusion

During LC, BDF and IOC were performed safely and successfully. Intraoperative cholangiography identified obstructions and strictures in the common bile duct that were not detected using BDF alone.

Clinical significance

Our findings suggest that BDF and IOC are both safe and time effective and should be considered for routine use by surgeons during LC.
Use of Video Education Interventions to Increase Racial and Ethnic Diversity in Cancer Clinical Trials: A Systematic Review
Authors: Nolan Timiya S. , Bell Ana’ M. , Chan Ya‐Ning , Leak Bryant Ashley , Bissram Jennifer S. , Hirschey Rachel
Published: September 2021

Background

Less than 5% of eligible adult cancer survivors participate in cancer clinical trials. Survivors identifying as Black, Indigenous, and people of color (BIPOC) are less likely to participate in clinical trials compared to those identifying as non‐Hispanic White. Common barriers to BIPOC participation are lack of knowledge, lack of access, and mistrust. These barriers are all factors in the disparities observed in BIPOC cancer‐related morbidity and mortality. Clinical trials need adequate BIPOC representation to garner generalizable findings that can reduce or eliminate cancer disparities associated with the social construct of race.

Aim

This systematic review examined the use of video education interventions to impact BIPOC survivor participation in clinical trials.

Methods

Web of Science, Embase, PubMed, Cochrane, PsycInfo, and CINAHL databases were queried for articles that described or tested video interventions aimed at increasing adult, BIPOC survivor clinical trial participation. Two authors independently screened articles for inclusion, appraised quality, and abstracted relevant data. All authors synthesized the data into themes through discussion and consensus.

Results

The search yielded 2,512 articles. Seven selected articles described six distinct interventions. Although the six interventions reduced barriers to participation in clinical trials, their findings varied on Black and Hispanic survivors’ readiness to enroll and participate in trials. Four themes emerged: (a) cultural sensitivity is needed in video development and delivery; (b) video content should be aimed to educate and change attitudes about clinical trials; (c) video interventions are feasible and acceptable; and (d) video interventions affect outcomes on intention or actual enrollment.

Linking Evidence to Action

Video interventions are well‐received by BIPOC survivors and may improve representation in clinical trials. Yet, video interventions are underutilized. More studies are needed to establish best practices for video interventions aimed at diversifying clinical trial participation as widening cancer disparities and rapidly changing cancer care continue to emerge.
Effect of the Use of High-Fidelity Manikin Simulation for Learning Emergency Cardiovascular Care Skills: A Critically Appraised Topic
Authors: Stedge Hannah L. , Miyashita Theresa
Published: September 2021

Clinical Scenario: Athletic trainers must be confident when performing life-saving skills, such as a cardiovascular assessment and cardiopulmonary resuscitation. Learning and performing skills on high-fidelity simulation manikins may improve athletic training students’ self-confidence and self-efficacy. Clinical Question: What are the effects of high-fidelity manikin simulation on athletic training students’ self-confidence and self-efficacy in performing emergency cardiovascular care? Summary of Key Findings: Three good-quality cohort studies were included. Two studies assessed the effect of high-fidelity cardiopulmonary resuscitation simulation, and one study assessed the effect of high-fidelity cardiovascular assessment. Two studies evaluated self-confidence, while the other study evaluated self-efficacy. All three studies found that high-fidelity simulation improved athletic training students’ self-confidence and self-efficacy. Clinical Bottom Line: There is currently consistent, good-quality evidence that supports the use of high-fidelity manikin simulation to improve athletic training students’ self-confidence and self-efficacy in performing cardiovascular skills and assessment. Future research should examine the effects of high-fidelity manikin simulation on the same academic levels of athletic training students to ensure generalizability of results. Strength of Recommendation: The grade of B is recommended by the Strength of Recommendation Taxonomy for consistent, good-quality evidence.
Reliability and Fall-Risk Predictability of the Short Form of the Fullerton Advanced Balance Scale in Iranian Older Adults
Authors: Sinaei Ehsan , Rose Debra J. , Javadpour Samira , Yoosefinejad Amin Kordi
Published: September 2021

Recently, a short form of the Fullerton Advanced Balance (SF-FAB) scale was reported as a good predictor of falls in older adults. However, we found no evidence regarding its reliability in non-American older adults. Therefore, we aimed to analyze the reliability and homogeneity of the SF-FAB scale to measure postural balance in Iranian older adults. Eighty-five community-dwelling older adults (70.75 ± 4.97 years) performed the SF-FAB test on two occasions 1 week apart. In both instances, four raters assessed the performance on the test. The SF-FAB scale (mean total score: 12.46 ± 3.53) revealed acceptable internal consistency (Cronbach’s α = .77), excellent intrarater reliability (intraclass correlation coefficient = .94–.99), and excellent interrater reliability (intraclass correlation coefficient = .92–.99). The overall prediction success rate was 83.5% with correctly classifying 95.6% of nonfallers and 35.3% of fallers. The SF-FAB scale can provide a quick screen of balance status in older adults to trigger referral to clinicians for a more comprehensive assessment.
Pain Acceptance Among Retired National Football League Athletes: Implications for Clinical Intervention
Authors: Mannes Zachary L. , Ferguson Erin G. , Ennis Nicole , Hasin Deborah S. , Cottler Linda B.
Published: September 2021

Over 80% of National Football League (NFL) retirees experience daily pain. Pain acceptance is an important psychological construct implicated in the intensity of chronic pain, though these findings have not been extended to NFL retirees. Therefore, the current study examined the association between pain acceptance and pain intensity among former NFL athletes. NFL retirees (N = 90) recruited from 2018 to 2019 completed questionnaires that assessed pain, substance use, and NFL career information. Multiple linear regression examined the association between current pain acceptance and pain intensity while adjusting for other risk factors of pain. NFL retirees reported average scores of 33.31 (SD = 10.00), and 2.18 (SD = 2.40) on measures of pain acceptance and pain intensity, respectively. After covariate adjustment, greater pain acceptance (β = −0.538, p < .001) was associated with lower pain intensity. These findings can further inform the behavioral and mental health care of retired NFL athletes.
The Effectiveness of Aquatic Plyometric Training in Improving Strength, Jumping, and Sprinting: A Systematic Review
Authors: Heywood Sophie E. , Mentiplay Benjamin F. , Rahmann Ann E. , McClelland Jodie A. , Geigle Paula R. , Bower Kelly J. , Clark Ross A.
Published: September 2021

Context: Aquatic plyometric training may provide benefits due to reduced joint loading compared with land plyometric training; however, the reduced loading may also limit performance gains. Objective: To systematically review the effect of aquatic plyometric training on strength, performance outcomes, soreness, and adverse events in healthy individuals. Evidence acquisition: Five databases were searched from inception to June 2020. Quality assessment and data extraction were independently completed by 2 investigators. When similar outcome measures were used, standardized mean differences were calculated. Evidence synthesis: A total of 19 randomized controlled trials with 633 participants (mean age, range 14–30 y) were included. Aquatic plyometric training was most commonly performed in waist to chest deep water (12/19 studies), 2 to 3 times per week for 6 to 12 weeks (18/19 studies), with final program foot contacts ranging from 120 to 550. Meta-analyses were not completed due to the clinical and statistical heterogeneity between studies. Compared with land plyometric training, aquatic plyometric training exercises and dosage were replicated (15/16 studies) and showed typically similar performance gains (3/4 knee extensor strength measures, 2/4 leg extensor strength measures, 3/4 knee flexor strength measures, 7/10 vertical jump measures, 3/3 sprint measures). In total, 2 of 3 studies monitoring muscle soreness reported significantly less soreness following training in water compared with on land. Compared with no active training (no exercise control group or passive stretching), most effect sizes demonstrated a mean improvement favoring aquatic plyometric training (23/32 measures). However, these were not significant for the majority of studies measuring isokinetic knee strength, vertical jump, and sprinting. The effect sizes for both studies assessing leg press strength indicated that aquatic plyometric training is significantly more effective than no training. Conclusion: Aquatic plyometric training appears similarly effective to land plyometric exercise for improving strength, jumping, and sprinting and may be indicated when joint impact loading needs to be minimized. However, the low quality of studies limits the strength of the conclusions.
Return to Play Following COVID-19 Infection—A Systematic Review of Current Evidence
Authors: Davey Martin S. , Davey Matthew G. , Hurley Robert , Hurley Eoghan T. , Pauzenberger Leo
Published: September 2021

Context: The COVID-19 pandemic has had catastrophic impact on a global scale, affecting people from all walks of life including elite athletes. Objectives: The purpose of this study was to evaluate the reported rates of return to play (RTP) in conjunction with the expert-derived guidelines previously recommended to enable safe RTP post COVID-19 infection. Evidence Acquisition: Two independent reviewers searched the literature based on Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses guidelines, utilizing the MEDLINE, Embase, and Scopus databases. Only studies that reported rates of RTP and/or recommended guidelines for safe RTP were included. Evidence Synthesis: Overall, 17 studies (3 level III and 14 level V) were included. A total of 3 studies reported rates of RTP in a total of 1255 athletes and 623 officials; 72 (30 symptomatic) were infected with COVID-19, 100% of whom were able to RTP post COVID-19 infection. Of the 14 studies recommending guidelines for safe RTP, 3 and 9 studies recommended 7 and 14 days of rest in isolation respectively for asymptomatic patients with COVID-19 infection, prior to safe RTP. In contrast, 7 studies recommended 3 to 6 months of rest (following 14 d isolation) in cases of COVID-19-induced myocarditis as a safe timeframe for safe RTP. Of the 11 studies reporting on whether blanket testing prior to RTP was recommended, only 7 studies recommended a negative test result as mandatory prior to RTP for athletes previously infected with COVID-19. Conclusions: Although excellent rates of RTP have been reported for elite athletes post COVID-19 infection, discrepancies in recommended rest periods, requirement for mandatory negative test results, and the magnitude of screening investigations required continue to exist in the literature, with a need for further standardized international guidelines required in future. Level of Evidence: Level V; systematic review of all forms of evidence.
Youth Concussion Management Practices Among Athletic Trainers: A Vignette-Based Survey
Authors: Skeel Reid , Maffett Anissa , Feder Abigail , Mitzkovitz Cayla , Lesica Sofia
Published: September 2021

Context: Recovery protocols for treatment of sports concussion have received widespread adoption across the country. While stages of recovery and treatment are relatively clearly defined, there remains variability in implementation of specific recommendations, particularly regarding activities that constitute rest during stages calling for limitations on activity participation. Specific recommendations being employed by practitioners have not been previously assessed. In an aim to document current concussion management practices in the field, athletic trainers were surveyed regarding how activities that may constitute rest are utilized and defined. Design: The study was based on a cross-sectional vignette-based survey. Methods: The sample used was a geographically representative convenience sample of United States-based high school athletic trainers. E-mails were sent to 2146 potential survey respondents yielding a final sample of 226 athletic trainers. Data were gathered for questions concerning recommendations for follow-up care and rest based on provided vignettes, factors considered when developing recommendations, and differences in recommendations associated with varying symptom presentations. The percentage of practitioners that would utilize each potential recommendation was used to characterize results. Results: Participants demonstrated consensus on the importance of physical and cognitive rest as well as school accommodations (all greater than 97% endorsement). Greater variability was present for recommendations regarding pain medication for headache, repeating baseline cognitive testing, and engaging in subsymptom threshold activities. Recommendations for attending but not participating in games and practice yielded conflicting information. Conclusions: Responses indicated general consensus regarding factors considered when making recommendations. There was also consensus regarding general recommendations for activity limitation following recovery with almost all participants strongly recommending cognitive and physical rest, in accordance with consensus guidelines. However, substantial differences were found for specific activities that should be limited or encouraged following youth concussion. Further research concerning the relationship between community and social interaction and clinical outcomes after concussion is warranted.
Canadian National Sport Organizations’ Responses to the Truth and Reconciliation Commission: Calls to Action and Settler Silence
Authors: Rajwani Yasmin , Giles Audrey R. , Forde Shawn
Published: September 2021

The Truth and Reconciliation Commission’s 2015Calls to Actionidentified societal measures necessary for a successful reconciliation process between Indigenous peoples and settlers in Canada, five of which were specific to sport. Half a decade after theCalls to Actionwere published, the response by national sport organizations in Canada has escaped scholarly attention. Through a lens informed by settler colonial studies, the authors employed summative content analysis to examine the ways, if any, in which national sport organizations in Canada have implemented relevantCalls to Action. The results indicate a lack of response by most national sport organizations which, we argue, represents settler silence.
Gender Parity, False Starts, and Promising Practices in the Paralympic Movement
Authors: Dean Nikolaus A. , Bundon Andrea , Howe P. David , Abele Natalie
Published: September 2021

Although women have been a part of the Paralympic Movement since its inauguration, they remain underrepresented in almost all aspects of parasport. Noting these gender-based discrepancies, the International Paralympic Committee and several National Paralympic Committees have made commitments to address the issue of gender balance across the movement. Guided theoretically by feminist and disability sport scholarship, this article explores the various initiatives and strategies implemented by the International Paralympic Committee and National Paralympic Committees to address the issue of gender parity. Through 29 qualitative interviews with Paralympic athletes, organizers, academics, and journalists, our study illustrates that initiatives and strategies implemented by these organizations have affected women differently based on a range of social, cultural, and political factors.
Motion of particles and gravitational lensing around the (2+1)-dimensional BTZ black hole in Gauss–Bonnet gravity
Authors: Narzilloev Bakhtiyor , Shaymatov Sanjar , Hussain Ibrar , Abdujabbarov Ahmadjon , Ahmedov Bobomurat , Bambi Cosimo
Published: September 2021

We study the motion of test particles and photons in the vicinity of the (2+1)-dimensional Gauss–Bonnet (GB) BTZ black hole. We find that the presence of the coupling constant serves as an attractive gravitational charge, shifting the innermost stable circular orbits outward with respect to the one for this theory in four dimensions. Further, we consider the gravitational lensing, to test the GB gravity in (2+1) dimensions and show that the presence of the GB parameter causes the bending angle to first increase with the increase in the inverse of the closest approach distance,$$u_0$$u0, reaching a peak value for a specific$$u_0^*$$u0∗, and then decreasing to zero. We also show that the increase in the value of the GB parameter decreases the bending angle, and the increase in the absolute value of the negative cosmological constant produces an opposite effect on this angle.
Nonlinear corrections on the parametrization methods
Authors: Boroun G. R. , Rezaei B.
Published: September 2021

We present nonlinear corrections (NLCs) to the distribution functions at low values of x and $$Q^{2}$$

Q
2

using the parametrization $$F_{2}(x,Q^{2})$$

F
2

(
x
,

Q
2

)

and $$F_{L}(x,Q^{2})$$

F
L

(
x
,

Q
2

)

. We use a direct method to extract nonlinear corrections to the ratio of structure functions and the reduced cross section in the next-to-next-to-leading order (NNLO) approximation with respect to the parametrization method (PM). Comparisons between the nonlinear results with the bounds in the color dipole model (CDM) and HERA data indicate the consistency of the nonlinear behavior of the gluon distribution function at low x and low $$Q^{2}$$

Q
2

. The nonlinear longitudinal structure functions are comparable with the H1 Collaboration data in a wide range of $$Q^{2}$$

Q
2

values. Consequently, the nonlinear corrections at NNLO approximation to the reduced cross sections at low and moderate $$Q^{2}$$

Q
2

values show good agreement with the HERA combined data. These results at low x and low $$Q^{2}$$

Q
2

can be applied to the LHeC region for analyses of ultra-high-energy processes.
THE IMPACT OF LIVING ARRANGEMENTS OF OLDER PEOPLE ON INTERGENERATIONAL TRANSFERS FROM THEIR ADULT CHILDREN IN CHINA
Authors: XUE QINGYUAN , WITVORAPONG NOPPHOL
Published: September 2021

Based on three waves of the nationally representative survey conducted in 2005, 2008–2009, and 2011–2012, this study investigates the effect of living arrangements on intergenerational transfers in China. Outcomes of interest include monetary transfers, contact, informal care, and emotional support that adult children provide to older parents. Both actual living arrangements and the discrepancy between actual and preferred living arrangements are considered. Endogeneity bias is accounted for through fixed-effects instrumental-variable regression modeling. It is found that co-residence serves as a substitute for monetary transfers and is positively associated with the probability that parents would receive contact, informal care and emotional support from adult children. Living alone with children in the same city is positively associated with the receipt of monetary transfers and contact by older parents but is not statistically related to the other two outcomes. There is an expressed desire for independent living among older people, which impacts transfer behaviors in a complex manner. This study provides a better understanding of the role of the family amidst ongoing social security reforms in China.