bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Nomads and Pastoralism: Linkage with Biodiversity Conservation in Upper Mustang, Nepal
Authors: Pandey M.R. , Chetri M.
Published: August 2007

In this paper we attempted to present a glimpse of linkage between the nomads living in the pasture of Upper Mustang and their role in biodiversity conservation. The nomadic rangeland in Upper Mustang region harbors endangered Trans-Himalayan species like snow leopard, lynx, brown bear, Tibetan wild ass, Tibetan argali etc. with a variety of birds. It also harbors various medicinal species endemic to the region. Nomads are completely dependent on the livestock for the sustenance of their livelihood. There are only nine nomads families residing in rangelands of Upper Mustang, among them three families are resided in Lo- Manthang Panga area whereas four families in Dhalung/Chhujung area and one each in Lauchhe/Dhaknak area and Ghami Lekh area. Seasonal grazing is a customary practice for all nomadic families. Interview with the nomads (N=9) reveals that the grass availability in the pastures is in decreasing trend. They reveal increase in the number of snow leopard and blue sheep whereas the population of Tibetan Gazelle is in decreasing trend. Rijiphuwa and Pika are the two sites in Dhalung/Chhujung area where snow leopard and grey wolf are the main problem creators. In Lauchhe area (summer pasture) and Dhaknak area (summer pasture), grey wolf and snow leopard are the main problem animals. In comparison to other pasture, the families of Dhalung/Chhujung area faces higher number of livestock losses. Nomads use their own traditional measures to protect their livestock against predators. Large flocks of goats/sheep often come from Tibet to Dhalung/Chhujung area which increases the pressure during the summer and is also the root cause for the deterioration of the pasture. The daily activities of Tibetan nomads have created disturbances resulting adverse impacts on the biodiversity. During summer, the habitat of Tibetan gazelle and Tibetan wild ass is badly affected. Key words: Biodiversity, conservation, nomad, pastoralism, Upper Mustangdoi:10.3126/on.v3i1.333Our Nature (2005) 3: 42-49
Status and Distribution of Blue Sheep, Tibetan Argali and the Kiang in Damodar Kunda Area, Upper Mustang, Nepal
Authors: Chetri M. , Pokharel A.
Published: August 2007

During September 2003, status and distribution of blue sheep, Tibetan argali and kiang was studied in Damodar Kunda area. A total of twelve days were expended in the field for data collection. Areas suspected for high faunal diversity were visited and searched out using binoculars and Nikon spotting scope. Altogether 395 blue sheep (N=21) were recorded. The percentage of female was comparatively higher (n=116) than the male (n=65), yearling (n=32) and lamb (n=52). The ratio of male to female observed during the survey was 1:2 and the ratio of female to lamb is 2:1 respectively. Mean group size was 18.8 individuals with a density of 5.6/sq. kms. Seventy seven individuals of Tibetan argali (N=4) were recorded. Mean group size is 19.3 individuals with a density of 1.1/sq km. Fifty five individuals of Tibetan wild ass (N=10) were recorded. Mean group size was 5.5 individuals with a density of 0.8/sq. km. Upper Damodar Kunda valley is less disturbed compared to lower valley but most parts are barren and have desert like environment. The disturbances caused by livestock grazing and herders camp have direct impact on the wildlife population of the region. Key words: Conservation, Distribution, Disturbances, Statusdoi:10.3126/on.v3i1.335Our Nature (2005) 3: 56-62
Grazing Effects on Species Composition in Rangelands of Upper Mustang, Nepal
Authors: Pokharel A.
Published: August 2007

Conservation and management of rangelands require clear understanding of species composition. The objective of this paper is to show the differences in species composition, abundance, mean cover and height between the grazed and ungrazed plots in a specific pasture of Lo Manthang VDC in Upper Mustang. Two seasons' data were collected during July (wet season) and November (dry season) 2005. Species richness, Importance Value Index (IVI), cover and height of the species compared between grazed and ungrazed plots. Twenty species (17 belonging to 14 families: high-7, medium- 2, low – 6 and non palatable – 2 and 3 unidentified species) were recorded in the experimental plots. Species richness didn’t show any significant difference in between the ungrazed and grazed plots in both the seasons. On the basis of IVI value, Kobresia spp. a highly palatable species is dominant in the ungrazed plots in both the seasons. A significant difference (Chi2, p < 0.05, d.f. = 7) in cover during July indicates that the pasture has some impact of grazing.Key words: Conservation, Grazed and ungrazed plots, Management, Rangeland, Species compositiondoi:10.3126/on.v3i1.337Our Nature (2005) 3: 69-76
First Ever Large Scale Botanical Training
Authors: Maden Kamal
Published: August 2007

No abstract available.doi:10.3126/on.v3i1.341Our Nature (2005) 3: 91-95
The Late Season Butterflies of Koshi Tappu Wildlife Reserve, Eastern Nepal
Authors: Khanal B.
Published: August 2007

Koshi Tappu Wildlife Reserve was explored for butterflies in November, 1999. This was indeed little late for lowland butterflies still brought a list of 54 species categorized under seven families out of 14 families occurring in Nepal. Most of the recorded species in this wetland were common to moderately common in status inhabiting open areas and visitors of water sources and flowers. The altitudinal range and global distribution of each and every recorded species have also been mentioned here. Keywords: Butterflies, Koshi Tappu Wildlife Reservedoi:10.3126/on.v4i1.501Our Nature Vol.4(1) 2006 pp42-47
Effect of Seasonal Temperature on Oxygen Consumption in Relation to Body Size of a Fresh-Water Fish, the Flying Barb, Esomus dandricus (Ham.)
Authors: Bhattacharya H. , Subba B. R.
Published: August 2007

Oxygen uptake in relation to body weight was measured in Esomus dandricus at two different seasonal temperatures, winter and summer. Oxygen uptake per unit time (mlO2/hr) increased from 0.5335 to 0.7839 with gradual increase in body weight from 0.5 to 1.5 g during winter season. During summer, it increased from 0.5539 to 1.4853 with an increase in body weight from 0.6 to 3.3 g. Oxygen uptake per unit time (mlO2/hr) increased by a power of 0.2594 while the oxygen uptake per unit weight (mlO2/g/hr) decreased by a power of -0.7409 at 16 ± 1 °C. Oxygen uptake rate per unit time (mlO2/hr) increased by a power of 0.5722 while the oxygen uptake per unit weight (mlO2/g/hr) decreased by a power of -0.4282 at 25 ± 1°C. As the slope of regression line relating to oxygen uptake (mlO2/hr) and body weight in Esomus dandricus is less than 1.0, it can be suggested that the oxygen uptake will decrease with increase in body weight of the fish.Keywords: Flying Barb, Oxygen consumption, Winter, Summerdoi:10.3126/on.v4i1.503Our Nature Vol. 4(1) 2006 pp53-60
Tilapia-An Introduction and Prospects of its Culture in Nepal
Authors: Yadav C. N. R.
Published: August 2007

Not Availabledoi:10.3126/on.v4i1.511
Factors affecting learning disabilities in mathematics: a study of central region of Nepal
Authors: Pandit Dr. Ramjee Prasad
Published: August 2007

The students whose achievement lagged behind their intellectual potential presents a serious problem to the parents, society and finally to the nation; instead of being the contributing members they turn out to be social problem and get involved in the most common social malaise-student on rest. Describing groups who have average or above average intelligence continuously failing to maintain normal progress in school subjects as learning disabled students, the teacher education programs in western countries like U.S.A. and Europe started the identification, diagnosis and serve them since 1963. But in developing countries, for example, in Nepal and India, although the efforts are directed towards this direction, no the considerable progress has yet been observed. So the present investigation was concerned with the identification of the causes of primary school children learning disabilities in mathematics (CLDM). 58 LD boys and 46 LD girls from 29 rural and 15 urban schools situated in different parts of central region of Nepal participated in this study. The analysis of these 104 LD students' bio-data revealed that the factors related to the children with learning disabilities in mathematics were the poor instruction, parents' adverse behavior to them, teacher's negligence in the class. It was suggested that the quality of teaching strategies and quality of instruction in the schools must be improved. Further research is needed for the generalization of the findings throughout the nation.

Tribhuvan University Journal 2004/1 pp. 13-19
Political influence: a culture in University decision-making
Authors: Khati Dr. Radhaber D.
Published: August 2007

Not Available.
Tailored media for the detection of E. Coli and coliform in the water sample
Authors: Pant Prof. Pralad Raj
Published: August 2007

No
Kenzaburo oe's a personal matter: a non-western perspective
Authors: Adhikari Hari Ram
Published: August 2007

No
The Spirit of 1950 : A Social Analysis
Authors: Uprety Prem
Published: August 2007

No abstract available

Voice of History Vol.15(1) 2000 pp.19-34
Bonded Labour : The Scenario in the last decade of the last millennium
Authors: Kunwar Ramesh R.
Published: August 2007

No abstract available

Voice of History Vol.15(1) 2000 pp.35-64
Nepali Satyagraha: Spring 1947 and Pandit Nehru
Authors: Uprety Prem
Published: August 2007

No abstract available

Voice of History Vol.16(2) 2001 pp.1-8
Regulations on Wearing Gold Ornaments
Authors: Thapa Krishna B.
Published: August 2007

No abstract available

Voice of History Vol.16(2) 2001 pp.9-11
Re-Thinking the Subject of Africa's International Relations
Authors: Otoide Leo E.
Published: August 2007

No abstract available

Voice of History Vol.16(2) 2001 pp.43-56
The Historicity of Ram Gupta: An Enigma to South Asian Historians
Authors: Uprety Prem
Published: August 2007

No abstract available.

Voice of History Vol.17-20(1) 2005 pp.1-4
Religious Syncretism and Context of Buddhism in Medieval Nepal
Authors: Shrestha Khadga Man
Published: August 2007

No abstract available.

Voice of History Vol.17-20(1) 2005 pp.51-60
A new morning?
Authors: Thiranagama Sharika
Published: August 2007

Charting the life course of Malathi, a young Sri Lankan Tamil woman, this article attempts to discuss the ways in which people and places in Sri Lanka are remade through experiences of violence. The article suggests moving away from a notion of 'home' as fixed on one place; instead, it considers the movement of people between different places. Further, it suggests that senses of home are also embedded within uneasy, constantly negotiated relationships with those people with whom we feel at home. Moreover, the article argues that ideas about 'the future' as equally as 'the past' inform the possibility of being at home.
Liberal emplacement
Authors: Löfving Staffan
Published: August 2007

This article is about the changing meaning of home among people engaged in the Guatemalan guerrilla movement. It shows that during the war, the revolutionary committed struggled for home more in terms of communal spheres of insurgent societal transformation than in terms of the defense or reconstruction of family or house. Though the counterinsurgency state was bent on their annihilation, it was only with the implementation of liberal peace that their commitment was ultimately destroyed. Most of them then opted for 'return' to their pre-war settlements and they gave up the political project of preserving their progressive civil organization. 'Home' under liberal peace in post-revolutionary Central America is continuously held together mainly by the migration of youth in search of opportunities elsewhere as hope for improved living conditions has become a question no longer of transforming but of leaving society in order to save oneself and/or one's household. The notion of liberal emplacement is brought forward in this article to conceptualize the destruction of political movement through the creation of an individualized necessity of spatial movement.
Studies on the Effect of Urine on Biogas Production
Authors: Haque M Shamsul , Haque N Naimul
Published: August 2007

Only 20 % of our rural households in Bangladesh have more than 4 cattle heads and 21 % have more than 2 cattle heads. A 5-8 members family needs 4-6 cattle to run a biogas plant to meet their daily cooking energy. For wide spread dissemination of biogas technology throughout the country it becomes imperative to increase the number of biogas plant users by increasing the gas production rate with the present available cattle heads. It has been found that with the addition of urine to cow-dung gas production has been increased up to 30 % at a proportion of dung, urine and water (50:35:15) which will reduce the number of cattle heads and plant size and hence the construction cost. This will certainly increase the technology users up to 41 % with the present available cattle heads and thereby solve the cooking fuel and organic fertilizer crisis and maintain the hygienic condition.

Bangladesh J. Sci. Ind. Res. 41(1-2), 23-32, 2006
Response of Nitrogen and Phosphorus Fertilizer and Plant Spacing on Growth and Yield Contributing Character of Sunflower
Authors: Jahangir AA , Mondal RK , Nada Katrun , Afoze Sadia , Hakim MA
Published: August 2007

The plant spacing of 20, 25 and 30 cm were used for the study. The doses of nitrogen and phosphorus were 80, 100, 120 and 45, 60, 75 kg/hectare respectively. The experiment was carried out in a randomized block design with three replications. 20 cm plant spacing produced the highest plot yield. Maximum number of seeds per head and yield were produced by the application of 120 kg N + 75 kg P2O5 per hectare. In case of plant spacing x fertilizer interaction effect, 20 cm plant spacing with 120 kg N + 75 kg P2O5 per hectare treatment produced the highest head diameter and seed yield.

Bangladesh J. Sci. Ind. Res. 41(1-2), 33-40, 2006
Yield and Nutritional Quality of Cabbage as Affected by Nitrogen and Phosphorus Fertilization
Authors: Haque KMF , Jahangir AA , Haque ME , Mondal RK , Jahan MAA , Sarker MAM
Published: August 2007

An experiment was conducted in field condition to study the effect of nitrogen-phosphorus fertilization on growth, yield and nutrient content of cabbage. The experiment was laid out in randomize block design with three replications. The yield and yield components were maximized by N3P2 fertilizer treatment. Nutrient content of cabbage varied with fertilizer treatment. The maximum amount of reducing sugar, ascorbic acid, phosphorus were found at the highest rate of N - P fertilization whereas accumulation of titrable acidity, iron, calcium were maximum at the rate of N2P2 treatment. However pH, ash content were more or less same throughout the experiment.

Bangladesh J. Sci. Ind. Res. 41(1-2), 41-46, 2006
Studies on the preparation of oleo-resinous wood varnishes by utilizing safflower (Carthamus tinctorius) seed oil
Authors: Rafiquzzaman M , Rahman MS , Hossain MA , Hasan AJM Moynul
Published: August 2007

Studies were carried out on the preparation of oleo-resinous wood varnishes by utilizing safflower (Carthamus tinctorius) seed oil. It was observed that safflower seed grown under the soil-texture and climatic condition of Bangladesh, contains about 32 % golden yellow coloured drying oil. The physico-chemical characteristics of the oil were determined by the conventional methods and the fatty acid compositions by GLC. From the results it is evident that the oil can be used suitably in paint and varnishes on account of its high linoleic acid content (75 %) and higher iodine value (148). The oleoresinous wood varnishes was prepared by utilizing safflower seed oil in an open stainless steel beaker by heating the oil with rosin and glycerol. The cooking temperature was maintained at 300O C for ½ an hour. Zinc oxide and lead oxide were used as mould growth inhibitor and catalyst respectively. The varnish thus prepared was found to be water resistant and can be applied on wood surface as tack free coating.

Bangladesh J. Sci. Ind. Res. 41(1-2), 77-82, 2006
Studies on the Lipid and Glyceride Compositions of Cassia alata Seed Oil
Authors: Rahman MS , Ali MY , Ali MU , Hasan AJM Moynul
Published: August 2007

The oil composition of Cassia alata seed collected from three different districts of Bangladesh was investigated. All the seed samples contain about 3.2 % oil. The triglyceride component of the oil varied from 91.5 to 92.0 % diglyceride from 3.4 to 3.9 % and monoglyceride from 1.5 to 2.1 %. The lipid components were almost the same in all the samples, the neutral lipid accounted for over 93 % of the total lipids present. The analysis of the fatty acid composition showed 25.6 % oleic acid, 45.5 % linoleic acid, 18.7 % palmitic acid, 3.5 % stearic acid, 3.4 % arachidic acid and 3.2 % behenic acid.

Bangladesh J. Sci. Ind. Res. 41(1-2), 83-88, 2006
A Flavone from the Leaves of Cassia Alata
Authors: Rahaman MS , Hasan AJM Moynul , Ali MY , Ali MU
Published: August 2007

Studies were carried out on the leaves of Cassia alata. A flavone 3,5,7,4´-tetrahydroxy flavone was isolated as a new source from the leaves of Cassia alata with the help of column and thin layer chromatography using a gradient of organic solvents with increasing polarity. The compound was characterized on the basis of UV, IR, 1HNMR, 13C-NMR and Mass spectrometry.

Bangladesh J. Sci. Ind. Res. 41(1-2), 93-96, 2006
Effect of Time of Sowing on the Yield and Yield Attributes of Barley Under Rainfed Condition
Authors: Razzaque MA , Rafiquzzaman S
Published: August 2007

No Abstract available.

Bangladesh J. Sci. Ind. Res. 41(1-2), 113-118, 2006
Studies on Anomalous Behaviour at Curie Point Tc of Some Classes of Mixed Ferrites
Authors: Hossain M Tofazzal , Islam Suravi , Mondal Mokbul Hossain , Khan AH
Published: August 2007

A comparative studies on anomalous behaviour at Curie point between clay additives Mn-Zn ferrites and other mixed ferrites such as Mn-Zn, Ni-Zn, Mg-Mn and Ni-Mg have been carried out in this investigation. The changes in Tc on compositions, additives and manufacturing processes of such soft mixed ferrites have been determined from the temperature dependent dc resistivity data and the log ρ vs. (1/1000T) graphs. It is observed that the Curie temperature is dependent on compositions, additives, manufacturing process and microstructure. Definite changes of Curie points of clay additives Mn-Zn ferrites with other ferrites were observed. Both the Mn-Zn ferrites and clay additives Mn-Zn ferrites showed some changes in their T sub>c behavior. The T sub>c value of Mn-Zn ferrites with clay additives decreases with increasing additives. In the case of clay substituted Mn-Zn ferrites the decrease of Curie point can be understood by a decrease of the number of Fe3+ magnetic ions substituted by nonmagnetic Al3+ ions on O sites of the system.

Bangladesh J. Sci. Ind. Res. 41(3-4), 171-180, 2006
Seasonal Variation in the Chemical Composition of Body Flesh of Koi Fish Anabas testudineus (Bloch) (Anabantidae: Perciformes)
Authors: Nargis A
Published: August 2007

Protein, carbohydrate, fat, ash and moisture contents in the body muscle of Anabas testudineus (Bloch) were investigated. The compositions varied seasonally in relation to reproductive cycle of the fish. Significant correlation existed between moisture and carbohydrate, moisture and fat, moisture and protein, moisture and ash, protein and ash, fat and carbohydrate, fat and ash, protein and carbohydrate. The protein content found to be higher in medium sized fishes and gradually decreased with the increase of age. Fat content was higher in large-sized male than that of the females. Carbohydrate content was slightly higher in male than the female.

Bangladesh J. Sci. Ind. Res. 41(3-4), 219-226, 2006
Spirulina Culture in Bangladesh XI: Selection of a Culture Medium, Suitable for Culturing a Local Strain of Spirulina
Authors: Khatun R , Noor P , Akhter N , Jahan MAA , Hossain M , Munshi JL
Published: August 2007

Large scale Spirulina culture is possible in Bangladesh inspite of unpredictable climatic condition. Effect of different culture media on the growth of a local strain of Spirulina (Spirulina platensis) was studied. Bangladesh medium (Bd1) was found to be more favourable for the growth of the alga. All together three culture media were included in this study.

Bangladesh J. Sci. Ind. Res. 41(3-4), 227-234, 2006
Oxoaporphinoids and a Benzoic Acid Derivative from Cananga odorata
Authors: Lopa Simin S. , Sadik Golam , Rahman M. Mukhlesur , Islam Robiul , Khondkar Proma , Alam A. H. M. Khurshid , Rashid Mohammad A.
Published: August 2007

O-methylmoscatoline (1), lirodenine (2) and 3,4 dihydroxybenzoic acid (3) were isolated from the stem bark of Cananga odorata. The structures of compounds were confirmed by a series of 1D and 2D NMR and MS analyses. The chemotaxonomic significance of these compounds has also been discussed.

Keywords: Cananga odorata (Ylang ylang); Annonaceae; Aporphinoids; O-methylmoscatoline; Lirodenine; 3,4 dihydroxybenzoic acid; Chemotaxonomy

Dhaka Univ. J. Pharm. Sci. Vol.3(1-2) 2004

The full text is of this article is available at the Dhaka Univ. J. Pharm. Sci. website
Soluble Drug Theophylline Sodium Glycinate from Different Suppository Bases
Authors: Ahmed Faruk , Islam SM Ashraful , Quadir Mohiuddin Abdul , Reza Md. Selim
Published: August 2007

Theophylline Sodium Glycinate (TSG) loaded lipid-based suppositories were prepared and the effects of suppository bases and release modifiers (PEG 1500 and HPMC 15 cps) on in vitro release of TSG were investigated. Suppositories containing 300 mg TSG were prepared by fusion method. Bees wax, Carnauba wax, Stearic acid and PEG 4000 were used as hydrophobic bases. In vitro dissolution was carried out in aqueous and buffered media of pH 6.8 for 2 hours. The results showed that, the release rate of TSG is considerably slow from beeswax, carnauba wax and stearic acid based devices. However, substantial TSG release was observed from PEG 4000 based systems. Incorporation of PEG 1500 in beeswax, carnauba wax and stearic acid based suppositories increased the rate and extent of TSG release in buffer media. Inclusion of HPMC 15 cps in PEG 4000 loaded suppositories released TSG at a faster rate. Drug release was linear for all the formulation except PEG 4000 systems, which released drug in a biphasic pattern both in aqueous and buffered environment. Rate and extent of drug release was found to be a function of pH of the dissolution media.

Key words: Theophylline sodium glycinate, Suppositories, In vitro release

Dhaka Univ. J. Pharm. Sci. Vol.3(1-2) 2004

The full text is of this article is available at the Dhaka Univ. J. Pharm. Sci. website
Evaluation of In vitro Antimicrobial and In vivo Cytotoxic Properties of Peroxo Coordination Complexes of Mg(II), Mn(II), Fe(II) & Ni(II)
Authors: Zahan Kudrat E , Hossain MD. Shamin , Sarkar Shuranjan , Rahman Md. Mukhlesur , Farooque Md. Akhter , Karim Md. Najmul , Nahar Laizuman , Hossain Md. Aslam
Published: August 2007

Six newly synthesized nickel peroxo coordination complexes, [Mg2(2-ap)2(O2)(OH), A], [Mn(2-ap) (ED)(O2), B], [Fe(2-ab)(ED)(O2), C], [Fe(2-ap)(ED)(O2), D], [Ni2(2-ab)2(O2)(OH), E] and [Ni2(2-ap)2(O2)(OH), F] showed significant antibacterial and antifungal activities. The minimum inhibitory concentrations (MIC) of these compounds were found in the range of 8-128 µg/ml. Among these compounds, F showed maximum cytotoxicity (LC50 = 3.62 µg/ml) in brine shrimp lethality bioassay.

Key words: Peroxo coordination complexes; Antimicrobial activity; antifungal activity; cytotoxic activity.

Dhaka Univ. J. Pharm. Sci. Vol.3(1-2) 2004

The full text is of this article is available at the Dhaka Univ. J. Pharm. Sci. website
Analgesic Activity of the Rhizomes of Curcuma zedoaria
Authors: Ali Mohammad Shawkat , Masum ASM , Bachar Sitesh C , Islam Md. Saiful
Published: August 2007

Successive extraction of the dried rhizomes of Curcuma zedoaria Rosc. provided hexane, chloroform and methanol extracts. In analgesic activity screening, the chloroform and methanol extracts showed significant activity on Swiss albino mice. Oral administration of the crude extracts at a dose of 400 mg/kg body weight, exhibited 29.5 and 38.0 % inhibition of acetic acid induced writhing in mice, respectively while the hexane extract showed weak analgesic activity in the experiment.

Key words: Curcuma zedoaria, Zingiberaceae, Analgesic activity.

Dhaka Univ. J. Pharm. Sci. Vol.3(1-2) 2004

The full text is of this article is available at the Dhaka Univ. J. Pharm. Sci. website
Antimicrobial Activity of Trema orientalis
Authors: Chowdhury Abu Asad , Islam MS
Published: August 2007

Dhaka Univ. J. Pharm. Sci. Vol.3(1-2) 2004

The full text is of this article is available at the Dhaka Univ. J. Pharm. Sci. website
Triterpenoids from the Stem Bark of Adina cordifolia
Authors: Haque Md. Enamul , Parvin Haseena , Amin Abdullhel
Published: August 2007

Dhaka Univ. J. Pharm. Sci. Vol.3(1-2) 2004

The full text is of this article is available at the Dhaka Univ. J. Pharm. Sci. website
Effect of Viscosity Imparting Agents on In vitro Drug Release from PEG Based Suppositories
Authors: Akanda Md. Kamruzzaman , Islam SM Ashraful , Chowdhury Jakir Ahmed , Reza Md. Selim
Published: August 2007

Acetaminophen loaded suppositories were prepared and the effects of viscosity imparting agents on drug release were investigated. Suppositories containing 125 mg of acetaminophen were prepared by fusion method using PEG 4000 and PEG 1500 as hydrophilic base. In vitro dissolution studies were carried out by a thermal shaker with a shaking speed of 90 rpm at a temperature of 37 ± 0.50C in phosphate buffer of pH 6.8. The effect of viscosity imparting agents on the drug release into phosphate buffer were investigated by adding 0.1, 0.2 and 0.3% Xanthan gum, sodium carboxy methyl cellulose, acacia, hydroxyl propyl methyl cellulose 15 cps and 50 cps. The In vitro release data showed that drug release was linear in phosphate buffer. After incorporation of viscosity imparting agents in phosphate buffer a biphasic drug release profile i.e. initial lag phase followed by linear phase was observed. Lag time depends on nature and concentration of viscosity imparting agents. It is evident from the result that lag time increases with the increase in percentage of viscosity imparting agent. There is less or no effect of change of concentration of acacia on the lag time. After lag time drug release from the suppositories showed a linear fashion. It was found that the release rate decreases when dissolution medium contains high percentage of Xanthan gum and also sodium carboxy methyl cellulose. However in case of incorporation of HPMC into the dissolution medium, release rate decreased up to 0.2% HPMC, but with 0.3% HPMC the release rate increased. Inclusion of different percentage of acacia into the dissolution medium has not significantly changed the release of acetaminophen from suppositories.

Key words: Suppositories, Acetaminophen, Viscosity imparting agent

Dhaka Univ. J. Pharm. Sci. Vol.4(1) 2005

The full text is of this article is available at the Dhaka Univ. J. Pharm. Sci. website
Serum Trace Elements in Manic Patients
Authors: Baker Md Abu , Sadat AFM Nazmus , Rahman Md Lutfor , Qusar MMA Shalahuddin , Huq SM Imamul , Hossain Md Iqbal , Hasnat Abdul
Published: August 2007

The serum concentration of zinc, copper, manganese and lead in 30 manic patients and 30 human volunteers were determined by flame atomic absorption spectroscopy. It was observed that the concentration of zinc in manic patients increased significantly (P < 0.05), where as the concentrations of copper, manganese and lead were found to be within the limit (P > 0.05). These concentrations of different trace elements may have some prognostic significance for the diagnosis of manic patients, but more work is suggested to find out the exact correlation between trace elements level & the degree of disorder in manic patients.

Key words: Mania, trace elements, serum etc.

Dhaka Univ. J. Pharm. Sci. Vol.4(1) 2005

The full text is of this article is available at the Dhaka Univ. J. Pharm. Sci. website
Analgesic Activity of Tragia involucrata
Authors: Alimuzzaman M , Ahmed Muniruddin
Published: August 2007

The work was carried out to investigate the analgesic activity of the whole plant of Tragia involucrata Linn. The dried whole plant was successively extracted with petroleum ether, ethyl acetate and methanol. Experiments were carried out with these extracts for their peripheral and central antinociceptive potentials on acetic acid induced writhing and radiant heat tail-flick models in mice, respectively. Both the ethyl acetate and methanolic extracts showed significant writhing inhibition while the elongation of tail-flick time was most prominent with methanolic extract at an oral dose of 500 mg/kg body weight.

Key words: Tragia involucrata, Analgesic activity, Acetic acid induced writhing, Radiant heat tail-flick.

Dhaka Univ. J. Pharm. Sci. Vol.4(1) 2005

The full text is of this article is available at the Dhaka Univ. J. Pharm. Sci. website
Controlled Release of Metformin Hydrochloride I. In vitro Release from Physical Mixture Containing Xanthan Gum as Hydrophilic Rate Retarding Polymer
Authors: Ashrafi Mashkura , Chowdhury Jakir Ahmed , Reza Md Selim
Published: August 2007

Capsules of different formulations were prepared by using a hydrophilic polymer, xanthan gum and a filler Ludipress. Metformin hydrochloride, which is an anti-diabetic agent, was used as a model drug here with the aim to formulate sustained release capsules. In the first 6 formulations, metformin hydrochloride and xanthan gum were used in different ratio. Later, Ludipress was added to the formulations in a percentage of 8% to 41%. The total procedure was carried out by physical mixing of the ingredients and filling in capsule shells of size 1. As metformin hydrochloride is a highly water soluble drug, the dissolution test was done in 250 ml distilled water in a thermal shaker (Memmert) with a shaking speed of 50 rpm at 370C ± 0.50C for 6 hours. After the dissolution, the data were treated with different kinetic models. The results found from the graphs and data show that the formulations follow the Higuchian release pattern as they showed correlation coefficients greater than 0.99 and the sustaining effect of the formulations was very high when the xanthan gum was used in a very high ratio with the drug. It was also investigated that the Ludipress extended the sustaining effect of the formulation to some extent. But after a certain period, Ludipress did not show any significant effect as the pores made by the xanthan gum network were already blocked. It is found here that when the metformin hydrochloride and the xanthan gum ratio was 1:1, showed a high percentage of drug release, i.e. 91.80% of drug was released after 6 hours. But With a xanthan gum and metformin hydrochloride ratio of 6:1, a very slow release of the drug was obtained. Only 66.68% of the drug was released after 6 hours. The percent loading in this case was 14%. Again, when Ludipress was used in high ratio, it was found to retard the release rate more prominently.

Key words: Metformin Hydrochloride, Xanthan Gum, Controlled release capsule

Dhaka Univ. J. Pharm. Sci. Vol.4(1) 2005

The full text is of this article is available at the Dhaka Univ. J. Pharm. Sci. website
Evaluation of Kollicoat SR 30D and Kollicoat EMM 30D as Matrix Former for Controlled Release Drug Delivery
Authors: Hossain Mohammad Salim , Jalil Reza-ul , Reza Selim , Quadir Mohiuddin Abdul , Hossain CF
Published: August 2007

Efficiency of kollicoat EMM 30 D and SR 30D as matrix forming material was investigated. It was found that, theophylline loaded granules prepared with these two polymers could not sustain drug release for a significant period of time. However, compression of these granules into tablets retarded drug release for up to 8 hours. Release was faster from EMM 30D polymeric system than that from SR 30D matrix. Effects of fillers and rate modifiers on drug liberation have been assessed. Incorporation of Avicel RC 591 and starch caused substantial release of theophylline from both the polymeric systems. Avicel PH 101 intensified the retardation effect of both EMM 30D and SR 30D on theophylline release. HPMC 50 cps, when added to the matrix, caused the release of theophylline to follow near zero order pattern. Increasing the content of HPMC in both EMM 30D and SR 30D compressed tablets decreased the rate and extent of theophylline release. In the presence of excipients, no significant differences between rate and extent of drug release from EMM 30D and SR 30D systems were found. Biexponential equation was applied to explore and explain drug release kinetics. It was found that drug release followed Fickian or case I kinetics from EMM 30D compressed tablet while anomalous or non-fickian kinetics of drug release was observed for SR 30D system.

Key words: Kolliocoat SR 30D, Kollicoat EMM 30D, Theophylline, Matrix system, Controlled release

Dhaka Univ. J. Pharm. Sci. Vol.4(1) 2005

The full text is of this article is available at the Dhaka Univ. J. Pharm. Sci. website
Diuretic Activity of Acalypha indica
Authors: Das AK , Ahmed F , Biswas NN , Dev S , Masud MM
Published: August 2007

Dhaka Univ. J. Pharm. Sci. Vol.4(1) 2005

The full text is of this article is available at the Dhaka Univ. J. Pharm. Sci. website
Immunoglobulin levels in manic patients
Authors: Baker Abu , Sadat AFM Nazmus , Hossain Md. Iqbal , Islam Sk. Nazrul , Hasnat Abul
Published: August 2007

The aim of this study was to determine the serum immunoglobulin concentration in both manic patients and in healthy volunteers. The study was conducted with 30 manic patients (24 males and 6 females, aged 55.4 ± 13.0 years); age and gender-matched, control subjects were enrolled. An enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) was employed to analyze the serum immunoglobulin concentrations. IgG level was found to be 18.22±6.42 g/L in the manic patients, while it was 16.05 ± 3.45 g/l in the cohort controls (p=0.487). IgM and IgA concentrations were 6.025 ± 1.07 g/l and 1.41 ± 0.51 g/l in the manic patients, whereas those were 5.73 ± 1.63 g/l (p=0.688) and 0.837 ± 0.36 g/l (p=0.034) respectively in controls. From the results it was found that only the serum concentration of IgA was increased significantly (p=0.034) in manic patients while the concentrations of IgG and IgM remained unchanged. In many psychiatric disorders, immunoglobulin level has been found to be changed significantly. This study reveals that the concentration of IgA in manic patients increased significantly (p=0.034) which usually happens in case of many psychiatric patients. Further studies are suggested with larger population to find out the correlation between immunoglobulin level and degree of disorder and possibility of using as a diagnostic tool for the identification of this disease.

Key words: Immunoglobulin, manic, psychiatry.

Dhaka Univ. J. Pharm. Sci. Vol.4(2) 2005

The full text is of this article is available at the Dhaka Univ. J. Pharm. Sci. website
Biological and Chemical Studies on Calycopteris floribunda leaves
Authors: Dey Sujit K , Shoeb Mohammad , Rob Tamanna , Nahar Nilufar , Mosihuzzaman M , Sultana Nasim
Published: August 2007

Dichloromethane-methanol extract of leaves of Calycopteris floribunda and its aqueous 90% methanol soluble fractions showed significant antibacterial activity against Bacillus subtilis, Streptococcus pyogen, Staphyloccus aureus and Salmonella typhi. The aqueous 90% methanol and 1-butanol soluble fractions of the leaves showed significant β-glucuronidase inhibition and antioxidant activity. Two pure compounds, 3,8-di-O-methyl ellagic and 2,3,7-tri-O-methyl ellagic acids were isolated from the 1-butanol soluble fraction of the parent extract.

Key words: Calycopteris floribunda, Combertaceae, antibacterial, antioxidant, β-glucuronidase, ellagic acid.

Dhaka Univ. J. Pharm. Sci. Vol.4(2) 2005

The full text is of this article is available at the Dhaka Univ. J. Pharm. Sci. website
3-Acetoxy-6-benzoyloxyapangamide from Achyranthes aspera
Authors: Aziz Md. Abdul , Rahman Md. Mizanur , Mondal Anjon Kumar , Muslim Tanvir , Rahman Azizur , Quader Md. Abdul
Published: August 2007

3-Acetoxy-6-benzoyloxyapangamide (1) has been isolated from an ethyl acetate extract of the stem of Achyranthes aspera. The structure of the isolated compound was established by modern spectroscopic techniques. The extract was found to show mild antibacterial activity against Bacillus cereus.

Key words: Achyranthes aspera, 3-acetoxy-6-benzoyloxyapangamide, Antibacterial activity.

Dhaka Univ. J. Pharm. Sci. Vol.4(2) 2005

The full text is of this article is available at the Dhaka Univ. J. Pharm. Sci. website
Molecular Analysis of Hepatitis B Virus DNA and Mutation Status in Patients Under Lamivudine [(-) 2' 3'-dideoxy-3'-thiacytidine] Therapy
Authors: Ahmed Mamun , Nazneen Shaila , Akhand Anwarul Azim
Published: August 2007

Quantitative analysis of HBV-DNA is extensively used worldwide for monitoring of lamivudine therapy of Hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection. We have analyzed the quantity of HBV-DNA during lamivudine therapy and investigated the relationship of lamivudine resistance to mutation type. Ninety-one hepatitis B patients were enrolled in the study where Real Time Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR) did estimation of HBV DNA and mutation was analyzed by sequence detection via PCR. HBV-DNA was detected in the serum of 96.7% (88/91) patients with mean viral load ranging from 1 ´ 105 to 1 ´ 109. More than 80% patients responded to and 17.3% patients showed resistance to lamivudine therapy. All lamivudine resistant patients had HBV YMDD mutation of either rtL180M/M204V or rtL180M/ M204I type. PCR based analysis of HBV DNA and sequence based mutation detection can be a practically feasible approach in Bangladesh to monitor hepatitis B patients under lamivudine therapy.

Key words: Lamivudine, Hepatitis B Virus (HBV), Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR), Mutation

Dhaka Univ. J. Pharm. Sci. Vol.4(2) 2005

The full text is of this article is available at the Dhaka Univ. J. Pharm. Sci. website
Biological Screening of Zizyphus rugosa and Zizyphus oenoplia extractives
Authors: Shoeb M , Mamun MIR , Nahar N , Mosihuzzaman M
Published: August 2007

Different extracts of the leaves and barks of Zizyphus rugosa and Zizyphus oenoplia were studied for their antibacterial, antifungal, and b-glucuronidase inhibitory activities. The methanol extract of Z. rugosa bark showed significant antibacterial activity against Streptococcus pyogens, Staphylococcus aureus and Pseudomonas aerogenes whereas the methanol extract of leaves demonstrated moderate activity against Salmonella typhi. The chloroform and methanol extracts of Z. oenoplia showed good activity against a few bacteria strains. The chloroform extracts of the barks and leaves of Z. rugosaalso showed antifungal activity. The methanol and ethyl acetate extracts of the bark of Z. rugosa revealed significant b-glucuronidase inhibitory activity. Lupeol, betuline, betulinaldehyde and betulinic acid, isolated from Z. rugosa, also showed good activity against a few bacteria.

Key words: Zizyphus rugosa, Zizyphus oenoplia, Antibacterial, Antifungal, b-glucuronidase inhibition

Dhaka Univ. J. Pharm. Sci. Vol.4(2) 2005

The full text is of this article is available at the Dhaka Univ. J. Pharm. Sci. website
Terpenoids from Atylosia scarabaeoides and their antimicrobial activity
Authors: Rahman M Mukhlesur , Khondkar Proma , Gray Alexandar I
Published: August 2007

Three terpenes-caryophyllene-4,5-oxide, a-amyrin and b-amyrin were isolated from the petroleum ether extract of Atylosia scarabaeoides. The structures of the compounds were confirmed by a series of 1D and 2D NMR and MS analyses. The minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) of caryophyllene-4,5-oxide was found to be 50-200 mg/ml.

Key words: Atylosia scarabaeoides; Papilionaceae; Caryophyllene-4,5-oxide; Chemotaxonomy; Antimicrobial

Dhaka Univ. J. Pharm. Sci. Vol.4(2) 2005

The full text is of this article is available at the Dhaka Univ. J. Pharm. Sci. website
Synthesis of Some Biologically Important 3-Oxacepham Derivatives
Authors: Islam Mohammad Rafiqul , Nurnabi Mohammad , Chowdhury AM Sarwaruddin , Masud Mohammad Mehdi
Published: August 2007

The 6H-oxathiazines 1a-e having imine moiety underwent [2+2] cycloaddition with phenoxyacetylchloride in the presence of Et3N to give β-lactam derivatives 2a-e in high yield. The X-ray crystallographic analysis revealed the relative stereochemistry that the substituents at C-2 and C-4 were cis configurated. The subtituents at C-6 and C-7 were also cis to each other. However, the 6H-oxathiazines 1f-i containing tert-butyl or methyl group at C-4 did not undergo the cycloaddition.

Key words: Azetedinone, β-lactam, oxacepham, cycloaddition, imine, ketene, oxathiazine.

Dhaka Univ. J. Pharm. Sci. Vol.5(1-2) 2006

The full text is of this article is available at the Dhaka Univ. J. Pharm. Sci. website
Developement of Quantitative Analysis of Sparfloxacin by High Performance Liquid Chromatography
Authors: Rahman Narun Nahar , Ahmad Shahabuddin
Published: August 2007

An attempt has been made to develop a simple, sensitive and rapid high performance liquid chromatographic (HPLC) method of analysis for sparfloxacin using 35% acetonitrile in buffer solution as mobile phase. Buffer solution (40 mM of sodium dihydrogen phosphate in de-ionized water) was used as solvent to dissolve sparfloxacin and 0.05mg/ml stock solution was prepared. Sparfloxacin solution was scanned with UV-spectrophotometer and the absorption maximum (λmax) was found at 292 rim. This method was successfully applied to four tablet dosage forms of sparfloxacin encoded as ?, ?, ?, and ?, from four different companies and the result was found to be satisfactory and reproducible.

Key words: Sparfloxacin, HPLC, analysis

Dhaka Univ. J. Pharm. Sci. 6(1): 21-23, 2007 (June)

The full text is of this article is available at the Dhaka Univ. J. Pharm. Sci. website
Bath PUVA in the Treatment of Palmoplantar Psoriasis
Authors: Wahab MA , Amin MN , Khan MAL , Hasan MS
Published: August 2007

During the period of May 2000 to April 2005 a total of 50 cases (30 male and 20 female) of 20 to 50 years age groups were studied at the Department of Dermatology & Venereology, Combined Military Hospital (CMH), Dhaka Cantonment, Dhaka with different types and grades of palmoplantar psoriasis (PPPS) (Noble classification) to evaluate the efficacy of bath PUVA in the treatment of palmoplantar psoriasis. Diagnosis was based on clinical suspicion and confirmed by histopathological examination of lesional skin. Bath PUVA was given thrice in a week initially and then twice and once in a week according to the response of the patient.

Amelioration of symptoms in different degrees were observed in mild 62%, moderate 50% and severe cases 25% . It appears that bath PUVA is safer and effective in mild and moderate cases of PPPS if treated earlier.

(J Bangladesh Coll Phys Surg 2006; 24: 14-18)
Electrophysiology in the Guillain-Barré Syndrome: Study of 30 Cases
Authors: Kundu NC
Published: August 2007

Thirty consecutive patients diagnosed clinically as Guillain Barré Syndrome (GBS) were enrolled in this study to see the electrophysiological patterns of GBS in Bangladeshi community. Among 30 patients, 25 were male (M: F = 5:1) and 47% patients were between 16 and 25 years of age. An antecedent event was present in 67% of patients. An elevated protein was present in 90% of cases and a cell count of up to five was present in 94% of patients. Acute inflammatory demyelinating polyradiculopathy (AIDP) was commonest (33.35%) followed by acute motor axonal neuropathy (AMAN) which constitute 26% of patients in electrophysiological study of the enrolled patients. Acute motor sensory axonal neuropathy constitutes 14% of cases in this series.

(J Bangladesh Coll Phys Surg 2006; 24: 54-60)
Chemotherapy in Colorectal Cancer - Past, Present and Futuret
Authors: Hossain MM
Published: August 2007

(J Bangladesh Coll Phys Surg 2006; 24: 69-74)
Lingual Dystonia Treated with Botulinum Toxin - A Case Report
Authors: Hayee MA , Mohammad QD , Rahman H , Hakim M , Kibria SM
Published: August 2007

A 42-year-old female presented in Neurology Department of Sir Salimullah Medical College with gradually worsening difficulty in talking and eating for the last four months. Examination revealed dystonic tongue, macerated lips due to continuous drooling of saliva and aspirated lungs. She had no history of taking antiparkinsonian, neuroleptics or any other drugs causing dystonia. Chest X-ray revealed aspiration pneumonia corrected later by antibiotics. She was treated with botulinum toxin type-A. Twenty units of toxin was injected in six sites of the tongue. The dystonic tongue became normal by 24 hours. Subsequent 16 weeks follow up showed very good result and the patient now can talk and eat normally.

(J Bangladesh Coll Phys Surg 2006; 24: 75-78)
Results of Intra-lesional Triamcinolone in the Treatment of Alopecia Areata
Authors: Wahab MA
Published: August 2007

(J Bangladesh Coll Phys Surg 2006; 24 : 110-113)
Rehabilitation of Patients with Stroke - A Review
Authors: Shakoor MA , Rahman MS , Jaigirdar MQH , Nahar S , Moyeenuzzaman M
Published: August 2007

(J Bangladesh Coll Phys Surg 2006; 24 : 114-118)
Performance of Postgraduate students in Objective Structured Practical Examination (OSPE) in the Speciality of Obstetrics and Gynaecology
Authors: Rouf S , Majid A
Published: August 2007

Objectives: The aim of the study was to evaluate the performance of the postgraduate students in Objective Structured Practical Examination (OSPE) in the speciality of Obstetrics and Gynaecology. This new trend of assessment was implemented first time in Bangladesh as a part of clinical assessment in the Fellowship examination.

Materials and Methods: Three Mock OSPE were arranged for the postgraduate students before appearing in the final Fellowship examination by the faculty of Obstetrics and Gynaecology along with Bangladesh College of Physicians and Surgeons (BCPS) in the month of September and November 2005. A total of 109 students participated. In OSPE, students rotate through different stations where they are asked to perform certain tasks. In each circuit three different categories of stations were arranged, procedural stations for demonstrating certain skills, interactive stations with simulated patients for patient education, counselling and history taking and question stations where specimens, instruments, data and scenarios were placed for evaluation of interpretation, decision making and problem solving skills. For the procedural and interactive stations a preformed standardized checklist was placed with an observer for evaluation. For the question stations answer keys were prepared for checking. Pass mark was set at 52% (13 grade) as decided by the Examination Committee of BCPS.

Results: Fifty six (51.38%) students scored 52% or above and declared as having passed. Performance in the procedural station was very poor in the first Mock (40.20% success rate) but the results got better in the subsequent Mock (52% in Mock II and 72% in Mock III). Performance in the interactive stations was not at all satisfactory, 75% could not achieve the desired credit revealing the fact that the students were very poor in communication skills. Performance in the question stations was variable depending upon the objective and task enrolled.

Conclusions: OSPE is objective, structured, reliable and valid way to assess all the component of clinical competency and is an option to improve quality of clinical assessment, teaching and learning.

(J Bangladesh Coll Phys Surg 2007; 25 : 3-8)