bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Circ-TRIO promotes TNBC progression by regulating the miR-432-5p/CCDC58 axis
Authors: Wang Zekun , Li Yaming , Yang Jingwen , Liang Yiran , Wang Xiaolong , Zhang Ning , Kong Xiaoli , Chen Bing , Wang Lijuan , Zhao Wenjing , Yang Qifeng
Published: September 2022

Numerous studies have shown that circRNAs are aberrantly expressed in various cancers and play a significant role in tumor progression. However, the molecular mechanisms of circRNAs in triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) remain ambiguous. By intersecting throughput data and qRT-PCR results from tissues and cell lines, circ-TRIO was identified as a potential oncogenic regulator of TNBC. Moreover, circ-TRIO expression was detected in TNBC tissues and was correlated with the recurrence and prognosis of TNBC patients. The circular characteristics of circ-TRIO were verified by RNase R and CHX assays. Functionally, the knockdown of circ-TRIO inhibited the proliferation, migration and invasion of TNBC cells, while the overexpression of circ-TRIO resulted in the opposite impacts. Mechanistically, a dual luciferase reporter assay and RNA immunoprecipitation were performed and indicated that circ-TRIO could combine with miR-432-5p to regulate the expression of coiled-coil domain containing 58 (CCDC58). In summary, our study illustrates that circ-TRIO plays an important role in the progression of TNBC by regulating the miR-432-5p/CCDC58 axis, which could broaden our insight into the underlying mechanisms and provide a novel prognostic marker of TNBC in the clinic.
Generation of an Escherichia coli strain growing on methanol via the ribulose monophosphate cycle
Authors: Keller Philipp , Reiter Michael A. , Kiefer Patrick , Gassler Thomas , Hemmerle Lucas , Christen Philipp , Noor Elad , Vorholt Julia A.
Published: September 2022

Methanol is a liquid with high energy storage capacity that holds promise as an alternative substrate to replace sugars in the biotechnology industry. It can be produced from CO2 or methane and its use does not compete with food and animal feed production. However, there are currently only limited biotechnological options for the valorization of methanol, which hinders its widespread adoption. Here, we report the conversion of the industrial platform organism Escherichia coli into a synthetic methylotroph that assimilates methanol via the energy efficient ribulose monophosphate cycle. Methylotrophy is achieved after evolution of a methanol-dependent E. coli strain over 250 generations in continuous chemostat culture. We demonstrate growth on methanol and biomass formation exclusively from the one-carbon source by 13C isotopic tracer analysis. In line with computational modeling, the methylotrophic E. coli strain optimizes methanol oxidation by upregulation of an improved methanol dehydrogenase, increasing ribulose monophosphate cycle activity, channeling carbon flux through the Entner-Doudoroff pathway and downregulating tricarboxylic acid cycle enzymes. En route towards sustainable bioproduction processes, our work lays the foundation for the efficient utilization of methanol as the dominant carbon and energy resource.
Structure-function analysis of enterovirus protease 2A in complex with its essential host factor SETD3
Authors: Peters Christine E. , Schulze-Gahmen Ursula , Eckhardt Manon , Jang Gwendolyn M. , Xu Jiewei , Pulido Ernst H. , Bardine Conner , Craik Charles S. , Ott Melanie , Gozani Or , Verba Kliment A. , Hüttenhain Ruth , Carette Jan E. , Krogan Nevan J.
Published: September 2022

Enteroviruses cause a number of medically relevant and widespread human diseases with no approved antiviral therapies currently available. Host-directed therapies present an enticing option for this diverse genus of viruses. We have previously identified the actin histidine methyltransferase SETD3 as a critical host factor physically interacting with the viral protease 2A. Here, we report the 3.5 Å cryo-EM structure of SETD3 interacting with coxsackievirus B3 2A at two distinct interfaces, including the substrate-binding surface within the SET domain. Structure-function analysis revealed that mutations of key residues in the SET domain resulted in severely reduced binding to 2A and complete protection from enteroviral infection. Our findings provide insight into the molecular basis of the SETD3-2A interaction and a framework for the rational design of host-directed therapeutics against enteroviruses.
Impact of basic network motifs on the collective response to perturbations
Authors: Bao Xiaoge , Hu Qitong , Ji Peng , Lin Wei , Kurths Jürgen , Nagler Jan
Published: September 2022

Many collective phenomena such as epidemic spreading and cascading failures in socioeconomic systems on networks are caused by perturbations of the dynamics. How perturbations propagate through networks, impact and disrupt their functions may depend on the network, the type and location of the perturbation as well as the spreading dynamics. Previous work has analyzed the retardation effects of the nodes along the propagation paths, suggesting a few transient propagation "scaling” regimes as a function of the nodes’ degree, but regardless of motifs such as triangles. Yet, empirical networks consist of motifs enabling the proper functioning of the system. Here, we show that basic motifs along the propagation path jointly determine the previously proposed scaling regimes of distance-limited propagation and degree-limited propagation, or even cease their existence. Our results suggest a radical departure from these scaling regimes and provide a deeper understanding of the interplay of self-dynamics, interaction dynamics, and topological properties.
Allophycocyanin A is a carbon dioxide receptor in the cyanobacterial phycobilisome
Authors: Guillén-García Alejandra , Gibson Savannah E. R. , Jordan Caleb J. C. , Ramaswamy Venkata K. , Linthwaite Victoria L. , Bromley Elizabeth H. C. , Brown Adrian P. , Hodgson David R. W. , Blower Tim R. , Verlet Jan R. R. , Degiacomi Matteo T. , Pålsson Lars-Olof , Cann Martin J.
Published: September 2022

Light harvesting is fundamental for production of ATP and reducing equivalents for CO2 fixation during photosynthesis. However, electronic energy transfer (EET) through a photosystem can harm the photosynthetic apparatus when not balanced with CO2. Here, we show that CO2 binding to the light-harvesting complex modulates EET in photosynthetic cyanobacteria. More specifically, CO2 binding to the allophycocyanin alpha subunit of the light-harvesting complex regulates EET and its fluorescence quantum yield in the cyanobacterium Synechocystis sp. PCC 6803. CO2 binding decreases the inter-chromophore distance in the allophycocyanin trimer. The result is enhanced EET in vitro and in live cells. Our work identifies a direct target for CO2 in the cyanobacterial light-harvesting apparatus and provides insights into photosynthesis regulation.
QED radiative corrections for accelerator neutrinos
Authors: Tomalak Oleksandr , Chen Qing , Hill Richard J. , McFarland Kevin S.
Published: September 2022

Neutrino oscillation experiments at accelerator energies aim to establish charge-parity violation in the neutrino sector by measuring the energy-dependent rate ofνeappearance andνμdisappearance in aνμbeam. These experiments can precisely measureνμcross sections at near detectors, butνecross sections are poorly constrained and require theoretical inputs. In particular, quantum electrodynamics radiative corrections are different for electrons and muons. These corrections are proportional to the small quantum electrodynamics couplingα ≈ 1/137; however, the large separation of scales between the neutrino energy and the proton mass (~GeV), and the electron mass and soft-photon detection thresholds (~MeV) introduces large logarithms in the perturbative expansion. The resulting flavor differences exceed the percent-level experimental precision and depend on nonperturbative hadronic structure. We establish a factorization theorem for exclusive charged-current (anti)neutrino scattering cross sections representing them as a product of two factors. The first factor is flavor universal; it depends on hadronic and nuclear structure and can be constrained by high-statisticsνμdata. The second factor is non-universal and contains logarithmic enhancements, but can be calculated exactly in perturbation theory. For charged-current elastic scattering, we demonstrate the cancellation of uncertainties in the predicted ratio ofνeandνμcross sections. We point out the potential impact of non-collinear energetic photons and the distortion of the visible lepton spectra, and provide precise predictions for inclusive observables.
PLAS-5k: Dataset of Protein-Ligand Affinities from Molecular Dynamics for Machine Learning Applications
Authors: Korlepara Divya B. , Vasavi C. S. , Jeurkar Shruti , Pal Pradeep Kumar , Roy Subhajit , Mehta Sarvesh , Sharma Shubham , Kumar Vishal , Muvva Charuvaka , Sridharan Bhuvanesh , Garg Akshit , Modee Rohit , Bhati Agastya P. , Nayar Divya , Priyakumar U. Deva
Published: September 2022

Computational methods and recently modern machine learning methods have played a key role in structure-based drug design. Though several benchmarking datasets are available for machine learning applications in virtual screening, accurate prediction of binding affinity for a protein-ligand complex remains a major challenge. New datasets that allow for the development of models for predicting binding affinities better than the state-of-the-art scoring functions are important. For the first time, we have developed a dataset, PLAS-5k comprised of 5000 protein-ligand complexes chosen from PDB database. The dataset consists of binding affinities along with energy components like electrostatic, van der Waals, polar and non-polar solvation energy calculated from molecular dynamics simulations using MMPBSA (Molecular Mechanics Poisson-Boltzmann Surface Area) method. The calculated binding affinities outperformed docking scores and showed a good correlation with the available experimental values. The availability of energy components may enable optimization of desired components during machine learning-based drug design. Further, OnionNet model has been retrained on PLAS-5k dataset and is provided as a baseline for the prediction of binding affinities.
Low-cost yield-driven design of antenna structures using response-variability essential directions and parameter space reduction
Authors: Pietrenko-Dabrowska Anna , Koziel Slawomir , Golunski Lukasz
Published: September 2022

Quantifying the effects of fabrication tolerances and uncertainties of other types is fundamental to improve antenna design immunity to limited accuracy of manufacturing procedures and technological spread of material parameters. This is of paramount importance especially for antenna design in the industrial context. Degradation of electrical and field properties due to geometry parameter deviations often manifests itself as, e.g., center frequency shifts or compromised impedance matching. Improving antenna performance at the presence of uncertainties is typically realized through maximization of the fabrication yield. This is normally carried out at the accuracy level of full-wave electromagnetic (EM) analysis, which incurs considerable computational expenses. The involvement of surrogate modeling techniques is the most common approach to alleviating these difficulties, yet conventional modeling methods suffer to a great extent form the curse of dimensionality. This work proposes a technique for low-cost yield optimization of antenna structures. It capitalizes on meticulous definition of the domain of the metamodel constructed for statistical analysis purposes. The domain is spanned by a limited number of essential directions being the most influential in terms of affecting antenna responses in the frequency bands of interest. These directions are determined through an automated decision-making process based on the assessment of the circuit response variability. Our approach permits maintaining small domain volume, which translates into low cost of surrogate model setup, while providing sufficient room for yield improvement. The presented method is validated using three antenna structures and favorably compared to several surrogate-assisted benchmark methods. EM-driven Monte Carlo simulation is also conducted to verify reliability of the yield optimization process.
Predicting Grade group 2 or higher cancer at prostate biopsy by 4Kscore in blood and uCaP microRNA model in urine
Authors: Fredsøe Jacob , Rasmussen Martin , Tin Amy L. , Vickers Andrew J. , Borre Michael , Sørensen Karina D. , Lilja Hans
Published: September 2022

Elevated prostate-specific antigen (PSA) levels often lead to unnecessary and possibly harmful transrectal ultrasound guided biopsy, e.g. when the biopsy is negative or contains only low-grade insignificant cancer, unlikely to become symptomatic in the man’s normal lifespan. A model based on four-kallikrein markers in blood (commercialized as 4Kscore) predicts risk of Grade group 2 or higher prostate cancer at biopsy, reducing unnecessary biopsies. We assessed whether these results extend to a single institution prostate biopsy cohort of Danish men and are enhanced by three microRNAs from urine (referred to as uCaP). The 4Kscore measured in cryopreserved blood from 234 men referred for 10+ core biopsy to Aarhus University Hospital, 29 with PSA > 25 ng/ml. We explored uCaP in urine from 157 of these men. Combined with age and DRE findings, both 4Kscore and uCaP could accurately predict Grade group 2 or higher prostate cancer (all patients: AUC = 0.802 and 0.797; PSA ≤ 25: AUC = 0.763 and 0.759). There was no additive effect when combining the 4Kscore and uCaP. Limitations include a study cohort with higher risk than commonly reported for biopsy cohorts. Our findings further support the clinical use of the 4Kscore to predict Grade group 2 or higher cancers in men being considered for biopsy.
People with chronic low back pain display spatial alterations in high-density surface EMG-torque oscillations
Authors: Arvanitidis Michail , Jiménez-Grande David , Haouidji-Javaux Nadège , Falla Deborah , Martinez-Valdes Eduardo
Published: September 2022

We quantified the relationship between spatial oscillations in surface electromyographic (sEMG) activity and trunk-extension torque in individuals with and without chronic low back pain (CLBP), during two submaximal isometric lumbar extension tasks at 20% and 50% of their maximal voluntary torque. High-density sEMG (HDsEMG) signals were recorded from the lumbar erector spinae (ES) with a 64-electrode grid, and torque signals were recorded with an isokinetic dynamometer. Coherence and cross-correlation analyses were applied between the filtered interference HDsEMG and torque signals for each submaximal contraction. Principal component analysis was used to reduce dimensionality of HDsEMG data and improve the HDsEMG-based torque estimation. sEMG-torque coherence was quantified in the δ(0–5 Hz) frequency bandwidth. Regional differences in sEMG-torque coherence were also evaluated by creating topographical coherence maps. sEMG-torque coherence in the δ band and sEMG-torque cross-correlation increased with the increase in torque in the controls but not in the CLBP group (p = 0.018, p = 0.030 respectively). As torque increased, the CLBP group increased sEMG-torque coherence in more cranial ES regions, while the opposite was observed for the controls (p = 0.043). Individuals with CLBP show reductions in sEMG-torque relationships possibly due to the use of compensatory strategies and regional adjustments of ES-sEMG oscillatory activity.
The mental health and well-being profile of young adults using social media
Authors: Di Cara Nina H. , Winstone Lizzy , Sloan Luke , Davis Oliver S. P. , Haworth Claire M. A.
Published: September 2022

The relationship between mental health and social media has received significant research and policy attention. However, there is little population-representative data about who social media users are which limits understanding of confounding factors between mental health and social media. Here we profile users of Facebook, Twitter, Instagram, Snapchat and YouTube from the Avon Longitudinal Study of Parents and Children population cohort (N = 4083). We provide estimates of demographics and mental health and well-being outcomes by platform. We find that users of different platforms and frequencies are not homogeneous. User groups differ primarily by sex and YouTube users are the most likely to have poorer mental health outcomes. Instagram and Snapchat users tend to have higher well-being than the other social media sites considered. Relationships between use-frequency and well-being differ depending on the specific well-being construct measured. The reproducibility of future research may be improved by stratifying by sex and being specific about the well-being constructs used.
Rationally designed conjugated microporous polymers for efficient photocatalytic chemical transformations of isocyanides
Authors: Gan Shaolin , Zeng Yan , Lu Cuifen , Ma Chao , Wang Feiyi , Yang Guichun , Zhang Yuexing , Nie Junqi
Published: September 2022

Click-based conjugated microporous polymers have been rationally designed and prepared for efficient N–H insertion like reaction of aryl isocyanides and photosynthesis of thiocarbamates.
Exposure of Escherichia coli to cadmium telluride quantum dots, silver nanoparticles or cupric oxide nanoparticles during aerobic respiratory versus anaerobic fermentative growth on d-(+)-glucose
Authors: Vassallo Joanne , Boden Rich , Handy Richard D.
Published: September 2022

More harmful response to Escherichia coli in the presence of nanomaterials during anaerobic fermentation as compared to aerobic respiration.
Superhydrophobic nanoparticle-coated PVDF–HFP membranes with enhanced flux, anti-fouling and anti-wetting performance for direct contact membrane distillation-based desalination
Authors: Tournis Ioannis , Tsiourvas Dimitris , Sideratou Zili , Boutsika Lamprini G. , Papavasiliou Aggeliki , Boukos Nikos K. , Sapalidis Andreas A.
Published: September 2022

Synthesis and superposition of silicon oxide nanoparticles on the surface of PVDF–HFP membrane via one-step method provide high superhydrophobic, oleophobic and antifouling properties enhancing their performance in membrane distillation.
Anti-aggregation effect of carbon quantum dots on diabetogenic and beta-cell cytotoxic amylin and beta amyloid heterocomplexes
Authors: Voronova Anna , Barras Alexandre , Plaisance Valérie , Pawlowski Valerie , Boukherroub Rabah , Abderrahmani Amar , Szunerits Sabine
Published: September 2022

The diabetogenic environment of β-cell islets directly participates in the formation of amyloid aggregates in type 2 diabetics, an effect that can be reversed using carbon quantum dots.
Gold-catalyzed formal (3 + 2) and (4 + 2) cycloaddition reactions using propiolates: assembly of 2,3-dihydrofurans and 3,4-dihydropyrans via a multistep cascade process
Authors: Zhang Congdi , Zhang Xiao-Qian , Nie Yu , Wang Chao , Xu Tianyi , Zhang Junjie , Bai Lu , Feng Chao , Wang Youliang
Published: September 2022

A gold-catalyzed formal dipolar cycloaddition reaction was developed using polarized alkynes as dipolarophiles and butenediol or pentenediol derivatives as formal dipoles. Silyl groups were used to solve the selectivity issue of unsymmetrical diols.
Colorimetric fluoride detection in dimethyl sulfoxide using a heteroleptic ruthenium(ii) complex with amino and amide groups: X-ray crystallographic and spectroscopic analyses
Authors: Toyama Mari , Hasegawa Tomoki , Nagao Noriharu
Published: September 2022

A bis-heteroleptic ruthenium(ii) complex; [Ru(Hdpa)2(H2pia)]X2 (1·X2; X = Cl, OTf, or F; Hdpa = di-2-pyridylamine; H2pia = 2-pycolinamide; OTf– = CF3SO3–) was synthesized and spectroscopically and crystallographically characterized.
Palladium-catalyzed phosphorylation of arylsulfonium salts with P(O)H compounds via C–S bond cleavage
Authors: Liu Huijin , Sun Kai , Li Xiaolan , Zhang Jie , Lu Wei , Luo Xuzhong , Luo Haiqing
Published: September 2022

Herein we report a novel palladium-catalyzed phosphorylation of arylsulfonium salts with P(O)H compounds via C–S bond cleavage under mild conditions.
High-performance electromagnetic wave absorption in cobalt sulfide flower-like nanospheres
Authors: Yuan Hao , Liu Zhidong , Zhang Yani , Ding Jinfeng , Sun Yuping , Zhang Min , Tan Shugang
Published: September 2022

A heterophase cobalt sulfide absorbing material with petal-like surface structure was prepared by a simple hydrothermal method.
A dynamic nanoconfinement strategy towards self-healing soft electronics with super stretchability, ultrahigh strength and reliably high conductivity
Authors: Wang Jun-Peng , Fu Chuhan , Wu Zehua , Lan Hao , Cui Siwen , Qi Tao
Published: September 2022

Herein, a nanoconfinement strategy is proposed to develop extremely deformable self-healing electrodes with ultrahigh strength and reliably high conductivity.
An ultrasensitive cathodic electrochemiluminescence immunoassay for thrombomodulin based on Ru(bpy)32+ encapsulated by MIL-NH2-101(Al) nanocomposites
Authors: He Shuang , Liu Qiaoling , Ji Yu , Zhang Pei , Huang Chusen , Sun Jing , Lu Yao , Yang Da-Peng , Jia Nengqin
Published: September 2022

A new type of cathodic electrochemiluminescence immunoassay based on Ru(bpy)32+ encapsulated MIL-NH2-101(Al) nanoparticles is designed for subtle exploration of the disseminated intravascular coagulation biomarker thrombomodulin firstly.
Smart biomaterials and their potential applications in tissue engineering
Authors: Khan Haider Mohammed , Liao Xiaoxia , Sheikh Bilal Ahmed , Wang Yixi , Su Zhixuan , Guo Chuan , Li Zhengyong , Zhou Changchun , Cen Ying , Kong Qingquan
Published: September 2022

Smart biomaterials have been rapidly advancing ever since the concept of tissue engineering was proposed.
Transparent fluoride glass-ceramics with phase-selective crystallization for middle IR photonics
Authors: Zhang Longfei , Sun Yang , Jiang Yiguang , Da Bo , Du Juan , Wang Shuaipeng , Qi Sisheng , Yang Zhiyong , Zhang Long , He Jin
Published: September 2022

We fabricate transparent fluoroindate glass-ceramics with phase-selective crystallization (SrF2, CaF2 and MgF2) using a general one-step strategy. The ab initio molecular dynamics provide fundamental insights into phase-separation at the atomic scale.
Self‐organizing traffic control using carrying capacity modelling in adjacent weaving sections
Authors: Ma Qinglu , Lu Jiaping , Zhang Shu , Yuan Xinxin , Ullah Saleem
Published: September 2022

The traffic carrying capacity of the road network is limited. When the limit is exceeded, traffic congestion will restrict the control and development of transportation systems. This paper aims to determine the connotation of traffic carrying capacity in some adjacent weaving sections (AWS) and put forward a novel calculation model for self‐organizing carrying capacity. Firstly, the in‐depth analysis found that each weaving section has a local‐whole and interactive relationship with AWS. Secondly, the self‐organizing critical state of AWS is analyzed by calculating the threshold from slow to congestion. Finally, the Renhe Interchange was used as an experimental object to study the carrying capacity under the self‐organizing critical state of AWS. The VISSIM software and Microsoft Visual Studio 2020‐C# software are employed to verify the model. The self‐organizing critical occupancy rate before the optimization is 38.60%, and the carrying capacity is 7527 pcu/h. After optimization, the self‐organizing critical occupancy rate is 48.70%, and the carrying capacity is 9497 pcu/h. The results show that the model can simulate the carrying capacity of self‐organized criticality. It can also provide a basis for urban managers to maintain the stable development of the system and ensure the overall operation quality of the AWS.
Adaptive fuzzy sliding mode control for high‐speed train using multi‐body dynamics model
Authors: Guo Youxing , Sun Pengfei , Feng Xiaoyun , Yan Keqin
Published: September 2022

In this paper, an equivalent multi‐body dynamics model of high‐speed train with uncertain parameter is established. Based on this detailed model and neural network minimum parameter learning algorithm, an adaptive sliding mode control method is designed for speed and position tracking control of high‐speed train, and the stability of the proposed control method is proved strictly. Then an adaptive fuzzy sliding mode control method (AFSMC) is presented to avoid chattering caused by excessive robust switching gain. Finally, numerical tests are carried out on the proposed AFSMC under different scenarios and operation strategies, and model reference adaptive control (MRAC), PID control and sliding mode control are also tested under the same condition for performance comparison. The results show that the proposed control method is superior to the currently used method. More specifically, compared with MRAC and PID, the average speed tracking accuracy of AFSMC is improved by 0.25 km/h and 0.18 km/h, and the average position tracking accuracy is improved by 0.68 m and 0.7 m, respectively.
The SPAN512 mid-latitude pulsar survey at the Nançay Radio Telescope
Authors: Desvignes G. , Cognard I. , Smith D. A. , Champion D. , Guillemot L. , Kramer M. , Lespagnol P. , Octau F. , Theureau G.
Published: September 2022

Context. The large number of ongoing surveys for pulsars and transients at various radio observatories is motivated by the science obtained from these sources. Timing and polarisation analysis of relativistic binaries can place strong constraints on theories of gravity. The observation of a growing number of millisecond pulsars (MSPs) spread over the celestial sphere may allow the detection of a stochastic gravitational wave background arising from supermassive black hole binaries. A more complete sample of young pulsars improves our knowledge of neutron star birth and evolution. Transients such as fast radio bursts can serve to probe the intergalactic medium.

Aims. The SPAN512 pulsar survey covers intermediate Galactic latitudes using the L-band receiver of the Nançay Radio Telescope (NRT). The survey covers 224 sq. deg. of the sky for a total exposure time of 2200 h. Population syntheses predict the discovery of 3 to 19 new normal pulsars and a few MSPs.

Methods. We present detailed modelling of the NRT beam with its L-band receiver and its sensitivity which we used to precisely assess the expected survey yield. We used the flexible Pulsar Arecibo L-band Feed Array data processing pipeline to search the 47 TB of SPAN512 data for pulsars and transients.

Results. The SPAN512 survey discovered two new MSPs and one new middle-aged pulsar. We focus on the analysis of the 2.4-ms spin period pulsar J2205+6012 for which we also report the detection of gamma-ray pulsations. Its narrow pulse width (35µs at an observing frequency of 2.55 GHz) allows for sub-microsecond timing precision over 8 yr, with exciting prospects for pulsar timing array programs.
Geriatric Nutritional Risk Index as a Prognostic Factor of Patients
with Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer: A Meta-Analysis
Authors: Yang Ming , Liu Zhaohui , Li Guojing , Li Bing , Li Chao , Xiao Lianbo , Zhou Jiwu
Published: September 2022

Geriatric nutritional risk index (GNRI), a newly developed indicator of
nutritional status retrieved by serum albumin concentration and ideal body
weight, has been suggested as a prognostic factor for various malignancies. The
aim of the study was to summarize the prognostic role of GNRI for patients with
non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) in a meta-analysis. Cohort studies evaluating
the relationship between GNRI at baseline and survival OF NSCLC were retrieved
by search of PubMed, Embase, and Web of Science databases from inception to
January 12, 2022. A conservative random-effect model incorporating the possible
influence of between-study heterogeneity was used to pool the results. Eleven
cohorts including 2865 patients with NSCLC were included. Compared to those with
higher GNRI, NSCLC patients with lower GNRI were associated with poorer overall
survival [OS, hazard ratio (HR): 2.39, 95% CI: 1.97–2.91,
p<0.001; I2=29%), progression-free survival (HR: 1.94,
95% CI: 1.52–2.47, p<0.001; I2=29%), and
cancer-specific survival (HR: 2.59, 95% CI: 1.55–4.35,
p<0.001; I2=0%). Subgroup analyses showed that the
significant association between lower GNRI and worse OS in patients with NSCLC
was not affected by study characteristics including study location, design,
cancer stage, treatment, or follow-up durations (p for subgroup effects
all<0.001). In conclusion, a lower GNRI in patients with NSCLC may be a
predictor of poor survival. Nutritional status indicated by GNRI may be
important for the prognostic prediction of patients with NSCLC.
Investigation of Oxidative Stress Level and Antioxidant Enzyme Activities in Operated and Nonoperated Patients with Spontaneous Intracerebral Hematoma
Authors: Akyol Mehmet Edip , Demir Canan , Görken Gökhan
Published: September 2022

Background Complex underlying mechanisms consisting of cytotoxic, excitotoxic, and inflammatory effects of intraparenchymal hemorrhage (ICH) are responsible for the highly detrimental effects on brain tissue. Oxidative stress also plays a significant role in brain damage after ICH; however, it is less important than other factors. In this study, we aimed to evaluate the oxidative stress parameters malondialdehyde (MDA) and antioxidant-reduced glutathione (GSH), superoxide dismutase (SOD), and catalase (CT) activities in operated and nonoperated patients with spontaneous ICH.

Methods One hundred patients with spontaneous ICH and 100 healthy controls were included in this study. Within the indication, 50 of the 100 patients underwent decompressive surgery. MDA, GSH, SOD, and CT activities were measured in the serum obtained from the patients.

Results SOD and CT levels were lower in the nonoperated group than in the operated and control groups. GSH was similar in the operated and nonoperated groups, but it was lower in the control group. However, MDA was higher in those who did not undergo surgery than in the other groups.

Conclusions In our study, MDA, an indicator of oxidative stress, was found to be lower, and CT and SOD activities were found to be higher in ICH patients who underwent decompression than in those who did not. This is the first study to present the correlations of MDA, SOD, CT, and GSH in operated and nonoperated patients with spontaneous ICH.
Early Identification of Correlated Risk Factors can Improve the Prognosis of Patients with Postoperative Intracranial Infection
Authors: Zhang Rongfang , Niu Jiangtao
Published: September 2022

Background In this retrospective study, we explore the clinical risk factors correlated to the prognosis of patients who suffered from central nervous system infection after a neurosurgical procedure.

Methods The study included 113 patients diagnosed with a postoperative intracranial infection. Several factors with clinical relevance were identified and analyzed by univariate analyses. The risk factors that showed any significant difference between the cases were analyzed by multivariate logistic regression analyses.

Results Here we show that the duration of the drainage before infection (measured in days; Beta [B]: –0.113; odds ratio [OR]: 0.893; 95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.805–0.991; p = 0.033), the number of antibiotics used for the treatment (B: –1.470; OR: 0.230; 95% CI: 0.072–0.738; p = 0.013), and the number of leucocytes in the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF; B: –0.016; OR: 0.984; 95% CI: 0.970–0.998; p = 0.027) are risk factors for the prognosis of patients with an intracranial infection. In contrast, the duration of antibiotic treatment (measured in days; B: 0.176; OR: 1.193; 95% CI: 1.063–1.339; p = 0.003) turned out to be a positive factor for recovery from infection.

Conclusions Our results suggest that early identification of the correlated risk factors can improve the prognosis of patients with intracranial infection after neurosurgery.
Comparison of 3D-printed Navigation Template-assisted Pedicle Screws versus Freehand Screws for Scoliosis in Children and Adolescents: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis
Authors: Lu Chunli , Ma Longbing , Wang Xinyu , Yao Qingyu , Zhang Can , Du Yueqi , Li Wei , Jian Fengzeng
Published: September 2022

Background There is a lack of attention to screw placement techniques for surgical treatment of scoliosis in children and adolescents. This meta-analysis aims to compare the accuracy and safety of pedicle screw placement between the 3D-printed navigation template technique and the freehand technique during corrective surgery for scoliosis in children and adolescents.

Methods A comprehensive search was conducted for relevant articles up to December 2021 in databases including PubMed, Embase, MEDLINE, Cochrane, and Web of Science. The systematic meta-analysis compared the efficacy of pedicle screw placement between the two techniques, including accuracy of pedicle screw placement, complication rate, operation time, blood loss, mean placement time per screw, and mean times for fluoroscopy.

Results The seven articles analyzed in this study involved 229 patients altogether. A total of 2,805 pedicle screws were placed by the two methods. Our results revealed that the 3D-printed guide template technique was more accurate than the freehand technique in pedicle screw placement (odds ratio [OR] =2.96; 95% confidence interval [CI]: 2.24–3.91; p < 0.000) with a lower complication rate (OR = 0.21; 95% CI: 0.06–0.78; p = 0.02). The operation time (mean difference [MD] = –34.37; 95% CI: –67.47 to –1.28; p = 0.04) and mean placement time per screw (MD = –3.11; 95% CI: –6.13 to –0.09; p = 0.04) and mean times for fluoroscopy (MD = –6.60; 95% CI: –8.66 to –4.55; p < 0.000) significantly decreased among patients in the 3D-printed navigation template group compared with those in the freehand technique group. In addition, the two techniques had no significant statistical difference in blood loss.

Conclusions Compared with the traditional freehand technique, the 3D-printed guide template is a promising technique with higher accuracy and safety in screw placement for surgical treatment of scoliosis in children and adolescents, and is worth popularizing and validating through more prospective clinical studies.
An Algorithm for Labia Minora Reduction Based on a Review of Anatomical, Configurational, and Individual Considerations
Authors: Lange Maurits , Hage J. Joris , Karim Refaat B. , Amant Frédéric
Published: September 2022

A variety of reduction labiaplasty techniques have been introduced to date, but no single technique will offer the optimal solution for every patient. Rather, the technique should be chosen based on anatomical, configurational, and technical considerations, as well as on patients' personal preferences regarded maintenance of the labial rim, maintenance of labial sensitivity, and prevention of iatrogenic thickening of the labium. We reviewed, defined, and assessed labial configurational variety, neurovascular supply, reduction techniques, and patient's preferences as the considerations relevant to the choice of labiaplasty technique. Based on this review, an algorithm was constructed that leads to a choice of reduction technique through five decisions to be made regarding (1) resection or (partial) retention of the labial free rim, (2) the measure of required labial width reduction, (3) labial vascular status, (4) prevention of iatrogenic labial thickening, and (5) preservation of labial sensibility. The choice of techniques includes edge trimming, central spindle form de-epithelialization or full-thickness resection, and three modifications of the wedge resection or de-epithelialization technique. These three modifications comprised a modified anterior resection or de-epithelialization combined with posterior flap transposition, a custom flask resection or de-epithelialization, and a modified posterior wedge resection or de-epithelialization combined with anterior flap transposition. Use of the five decisional steps and the inclusion of modifications of all three conventional reduction techniques offer an improved algorithm for the choice of labioplasty technique.
The Oblique Extended Reverse First Dorsal Metacarpal Artery Perforator Flap for Coverage of the Radial-Volar Defect of the Proximal Interphalangeal Joint in the Index Finger: A Case Report
Authors: Kim Jeeyoon , Seo Bommie Florence , Lee Junho , Jung Sung No
Published: September 2022

The dorsal metacarpal artery perforator flap is a flap that rises from the hand dorsum. Owing to its reliability and versatility, this flap is used as a workhorse for finger defect. However, to cover the radial-volar defect of the proximal interphalangeal joint (PIPJ) of the index finger, a longer flap is required than before. Here, we introduce the oblique extended reverse first dorsal metacarpal artery (FDMA) perforator flap to cover the radial-volar aspect defect of the index finger. A 45-year-old man got injured to the radial-volar defect of PIPJ of the left index finger caused by thermal press machine. The wound was 2 × 1 cm in size, and the joint and bone were exposed. We used FDMA perforator from anastomosis with palmar metacarpal artery at metacarpal neck. Since the defect was extended to the volar side, the flap was elevated by oblique extension to the fourth metacarpal base level. The fascia was included to the flap, and the flap was rotated counterclockwise. Finally, PIPJ was fully covered by the flap. Donor site was primarily closed. After 12 months of operation, the flap was stable without complication and limitation of range of motion. The oblique extended reverse FDMA perforator flap is a reliable method for covering the radial-volar defect of the PIPJ of the index finger. This flap, which also has an aesthetic advantage, will be a good choice for hand surgeons who want to cover the PIPJ defect of the index finger using a nonmicrosurgical option.
Two-dimensional material templates for van der Waals epitaxy, remote epitaxy, and intercalation growth
Authors: Ryu Huije , Park Hyunik , Kim Joung-Hun , Ren Fan , Kim Jihyun , Lee Gwan-Hyoung , Pearton Stephen J.
Published: September 2022

Epitaxial growth, a crystallographically oriented growth induced by the chemical bonding between crystalline substrate and atomic building blocks, has been a key technique in the thin-film and heterostructure applications of semiconductors. However, the epitaxial growth technique is limited by different lattice mismatch and thermal expansion coefficients of dissimilar crystals. Two-dimensional (2D) materials with dangling bond-free van der Waals surfaces have been used as growth templates for the hetero-integration of highly mismatched materials. Moreover, the ultrathin nature of 2D materials also allows for remote epitaxial growth and confinement growth of quasi-2D materials via intercalation. Here, we review the hetero-dimensional growth on 2D substrates: van der Waals epitaxy (vdWE), quasi vdWE, and intercalation growth. We discuss the growth mechanism and fundamental challenges for vdWE on 2D substrates. We also examine emerging vdWE techniques that use epitaxial liftoff and confinement epitaxial growth in detail. Finally, we give a brief review of radiation effects in 2D materials and contrast the damage induced with their 3D counterparts.
Effects of wedge-angle change on the evolution of oblique detonation wave structure
Authors: Sun Jie , Yang Pengfei , Tian Baolin , Chen Zheng
Published: September 2022

Compared to pulse detonation engine and rotating detonation engine, oblique detonation engine has the advantage of higher flight Mach number. However, it is still challenging to achieve stabilized oblique detonation wave for a broad range of flight conditions. To control oblique detonation wave, this study focuses on the oblique detonation wave structure evolution induced by changing the wedge angle. Transient two-dimensional simulations are conducted for wedge-stabilized oblique detonation wave in a stoichiometric hydrogen/air mixture. The detailed chemistry of hydrogen combustion is considered, and the thermal states of the reactants are determined by the specified flight altitude and the Mach number. The angle change between inflow and wedge can be achieved in two ways: inflow-angle change with fixed wedge angle and wedge-angle change with fixed inflow direction. Results indicate that no new autoignition zone exists in the transient wave evolution caused by wedge-angle change, which is different from that of inflow-angle change observed in previous studies. For the wedge-angle change process, the effects of wedge-angle change rate on transient oblique detonation wave structure evolution are further assessed. It is found that the transient oblique detonation wave structure is more sensitive to the wedge-rotation angular velocity for increasing wedge angle (controlled by the thermodynamic properties of the mixture) than that for decreasing wedge angle (controlled by the shock wave dynamic). For the quasi-steady triple-wave structure during wedge-angle decreasing process, a normal detonation wave occurs and becomes dominant in the wave structure evolution, whose formation mechanism is analyzed by the polar curve theory.
Machine learning as a useful tool for diagnosis of soil compaction under continuous no-tillage in Brazil
Authors: Peixoto Devison Souza , Silva Sérgio Henrique Godinho , Moreira Silvino Guimarães , Silva Alessandro Alvarenga Pereira da , Chiarini Thayná Pereira Azevedo , Silva Lucas de Castro Moreira da , Curi Nilton , Silva Bruno Montoani
Published: September 2022

Context Correct diagnosis of the state of soil compaction is a challenge in continuous no-tillage (NT). Aims and methods The aim of this study was to evaluate the performance of four machine learning algorithms to diagnose the state of soil compaction (NT and occasional tillage – OT). For these purposes, data from a field experiment conducted in a clayey Typic Hapludox with mechanical (chiselling and subsoiling) and chemical (gypsum and limestone) methods for mitigation of soil compaction were used. To diagnose the state of soil compaction, soil physical properties [soil bulk density, penetration resistance, macroporosity (MAC), microporosity (MIC), air capacity (AC), available water content, relative field capacity and total porosity (TP)] in addition to crop yield (Rel_Yield) were used as predictor variables for Classification and Regression Trees (CART), Random Forest (RF), Artificial Neural Network (ANN) and Support Vector Machine (SVM) algorithms. Key results The most important variables for predicting the state of soil compaction were Rel_Yield and soil porosity (MAC, TP, MIC and AC). The machine learning algorithms had satisfactory performance in diagnosing which sites were compacted and which were not. The decision tree algorithms (CART and RF) performed better than ANN and SVM, reaching accuracy = 0.90, Kappa index = 0.76 and sensitivity = 0.83. Conclusions and implications The machine learning algorithm approach proved to be an efficient tool in diagnosing soil compaction in continuous NT, improving decision-making concerning the use of OT.
Comparison of morphological identification and DNA metabarcoding for dietary analysis of faeces from a subtropical lizard
Authors: Kurita Takaki , Toda Mamoru
Published: September 2022

Context The common methods for detecting prey in faeces are traditional morphological examination of digested prey remains and faecal DNA (fDNA) metabarcoding. Although recent studies have shown that fDNA metabarcoding can identify prey that is excreted without morphologically identifiable remains, it is unclear whether fDNA metabarcoding provides a more comprehensive assessment of diet than morphological analyses. Aims We aimed to compare prey detection abilities of morphological and fDNA-metabarcoding assays by evaluating similarities and differences of estimated prey communities. We also aimed to provide the first comprehensive prey composition of an endangered ground-dwelling gecko, Goniurosaurus kuroiwae, which will contribute to the conservation management of this species. Methods We identified the prey consumed by G. kuroiwae by morphological examination and fDNA metabarcoding using the same series of faecal samples. For these two methods, we compared the overall community composition of prey items and the detection rate for each prey type. We also tested for environmental and ontogenetic variation of the composition of prey items consumed. Key results When comparing the two methods there were significant differences in the composition of prey communities that were identified from the same series of faecal samples. The fDNA metabarcoding analyses showed the higher rate of detection of earthworms, amphipods and coleopteran and lepidopteran larvae, which lack hard exoskeleton or have small body sizes. The morphological assay allowed identification of a few prey types, including spiders and earwigs, more frequently than fDNA metabarcoding. Combined use of both methods revealed that G. kuroiwae consumed large-sized invertebrates with a slight ontogenetic shift from small-sized invertebrates to large-sized ones. Conclusions Although fDNA metabarcoding showed the higher overall prey detection rate, it did not include all the prey items detected by morphological analysis. The complementary use of both methods can yield better understanding of the prey composition of invertebrate-consuming animals represented by reptiles and amphibians. Implications We have shown that the most comprehensive reconstruction of prey composition from faeces will be achieved by combining results from both fDNA metabarcoding and morphological analyses.
Quantum thermal field fluctuation induced corrections to the interaction between two ground-state atoms
Authors: Cheng Shijing , Zhou Wenting , Yu Hongwei
Published: September 2022

We generalize the formalism proposed by Dalibard, Dupont-Roc, and Cohen-Tannoudji (the DDC formalism) in the fourth order for two atoms in interaction with scalar fields in vacuum to a thermal bath at finite temperature T, and then calculate the interatomic interaction energy of two ground-state atoms separately in terms of the contributions of thermal fluctuations and the radiation reaction of the atoms and analyze in detail the thermal corrections to the van der Waals and Casimir–Polder interactions. We discover a particular region, i.e.

λ

3

β

4

≪
L
≪
λ

with L, β and λ denoting the interatomic separation, the wavelength of thermal photons and the transition wavelength of the atoms respectively, where the thermal corrections remarkably render the van der Waals force, which is usually attractive, repulsive, leading to an interesting crossover phenomenon of the interatomic interaction from attractive to repulsive as the temperature increases. We also find that the thermal corrections cause significant changes to the Casimir–Polder force when the temperature is sufficiently high, resulting in an attractive force proportional to TL
−3 in the λ ≪ β ≪ L region, and a force that can be either attractive or repulsive and even vanishing in the β ≪ λ ≪ L region depending on the interatomic separation.
Measuring fine molecular structures with luminescence signal from an alternating current scanning tunneling microscope
Authors: Wen Fei , Dong Guohui , Dong Hui
Published: September 2022

In scanning tunneling microscopy-induced luminescence (STML), the photon count is measured to reflect single-molecule properties, e.g., the first molecular excited state. The energy of the first excited state is typically shown by a rise of the photon count as a function of the bias voltage between the tip and the substrate. It remains a challenge to determine the precise rise position of the current due to possible experimental noise. In this work, we propose an alternating current version of STML to resolve the fine structures in the photon count measurement. The measured photon count and the current at the long-time limit show a sinusoidal oscillation. The zero-frequency component of the current shows knee points at the precise voltage as the fraction of the detuning between the molecular gap and the DC component of the bias voltage. We propose to measure the energy level with discontinuity of the first derivative of such a zero-frequency component. The current method will extend the application of STML in terms of measuring molecular properties.