bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
RESPONSABILIDADE CIVIL POR DANOS AMBIENTAIS: ANÁLISE DOS ASPECTOS JURÍDICOS RELACIONADOS À RESPONSABILIDADE CIVIL POR DANOS AMBIENTAIS, CONSIDERANDO OS PRINCÍPIOS E NORMAS DO DIREITO CIVIL
Authors: Leão Carlos Eduardo Costa , Salgado Buenã Porto
Published: May 2024

A responsabilidade civil por danos ambientais é um tema de extrema relevância e atualidade no âmbito do Direito. A preservação do meio ambiente e a busca por um desenvolvimento sustentável têm sido pautas cada vez mais urgentes na sociedade contemporânea. Nesse contexto, a análise dos aspectos jurídicos relacionados à responsabilidade civil por danos ambientais torna-se fundamental para compreender as bases legais e os princípios que regem essa área do Direito. Este artigo tem como objetivo examinar os fundamentos e normas do Direito Civil que se aplicam à responsabilidade civil por danos ambientais. Para tanto, serão explorados conceitos históricos, princípios, pressupostos e espécies dessa responsabilidade. Além disso, serão abordados o direito ao meio ambiente e a responsabilidade pelo dano ambiental, considerando o ordenamento jurídico brasileiro. Metodologia: A pesquisa ocorreu durante o período de janeiro a março de 2023 por meio de busca nas bases de dados da Biblioteca virtual PUC MINAS; Revista de direito e democracia da ULBRA; Biblioteca virtual PUC DE SÃO PAULO; Revista de direito e democracia da ULBRA, Livros físicos; Revista da ESMESC; Revista espaço jurídico e Biblioteca virtual da FAMETRO. Como critério de exclusão foram excluídos os artigos que não tratam do assunto de interesse deste estudo. As fontes foram analisadas mediante leitura aprofundada e subsequente interpretação com posterior discussão dos danos no âmbito do presente artigo, de maneira sintética, lógica, e de fácil compreensão. Resultados: Constatou-se que a proteção do meio ambiente é uma preocupação cada vez mais urgente e necessária em todo o mundo, e o ordenamento jurídico brasileiro tem estabelecido bases sólidas para garantir a responsabilidade civil ambiental do poluidor. Através de princípios como o da responsabilidade objetiva, a legislação ambiental brasileira busca assegurar que aqueles que causam danos ao meio ambiente sejam responsabilizados e obrigados a reparar integralmente os prejuízos causados.
What Are the Key Soil Hydrological Processes to Control Soil Moisture Memory?
Authors: Farmani Mohammad Ali , Behrangi Ali , Gupta Aniket , Tavakoly Ahmad , Geheran Matthew , Niu Guo-Yue
Published: May 2024

Abstract. Soil moisture memory (SMM), which refers to how long a perturbation in Soil Moisture (SM) can last, is critical for understanding climatic, hydrologic, and ecosystem interactions. Most land surface models (LSMs) tend to overestimate surface soil moisture and its persistency, sustaining unexpectedly large soil surface evaporation. In general, LSMs show an overestimation of long-term SMM and an underestimation of short-term SMM. This study aims to 1) identify key soil hydrological/hydraulic processes that contribute to the amount and persistence of SM and 2) improve the physical representations of soil hydrology in the widely-used Noah-MP LSM with optional schemes of soil hydrology/hydraulics. We test the effects of different processes on SMM, including soil water retention characteristics (or soil hydraulics), soil permeability, and surface ponding. We compare SMMs computed from various Noah-MP configurations against that derived from the Soil Moisture Active Passive (SMAP) Level 3 soil moisture and in-situ measurements from the International Soil Moisture Network (ISMN) from year 2015 to 2019 over the contiguous United States (CONUS). The results suggest that 1) soil hydraulics plays a dominant role, and the Van-Genuchten hydraulic scheme reduces the overestimation of the long-term surface SMM produced by the Brooks-Corey scheme, which is commonly used in LSMs; 2) explicitly representing surface ponding improves SMM accuracy for both the surface layer and the root zone; and 3) enhanced permeability through macropores improves the overall representation of soil hydraulic dynamics. The combination of schemes introduced in this study can significantly improve the long-term memory overestimation and short-term memory underestimation issues in LSMs.
Warming effects of reduced sulfur emissions from shipping
Authors: Yoshioka Masaru , Grosvenor Daniel P. , Booth Ben B. B. , Morice Colin P. , Carslaw Kenneth S.
Published: May 2024

Abstract. The regulation introduced in 2020 that limits the sulfur content in shipping fuel has reduced sulfur emissions over global open oceans by about 80 %. This is expected to have reduced aerosols that both reflect solar radiation directly and affect cloud properties, with the latter also changing the solar radiation balance. Here we investigate the impacts of this regulation on aerosols and climate in the HadGEM3-GC3.1 climate model. The global aerosol effective radiative forcing caused by reduced shipping emissions is estimated to be 0.13 W m-2, which is equivalent to about 50 % of the positive forcing caused by the global reduction in all anthropogenic aerosols since late 20th century. Ensembles of global coupled simulations from 2020–2049 predict a global mean warming of 0.04 K averaged over this period. Our simulations are not clear on whether the global impact is yet to emerge or has already emerged because the present-day impact is masked by variability. Nevertheless, the impact of shipping emission reductions will have either already committed us to warming above the 1.5 K Paris target or will represent an important contribution that may help explain part of the rapid jump in global temperatures over the last 12 months. Consistent with previous aerosol perturbation simulations, the warming is greatest in the Arctic, reaching a mean of 0.15 K Arctic-wide and 0.3 K in the Atlantic sector of the Arctic (which represents greater than 10 % increase in the total anthropogenic warming since pre-industrial times).
Deducing Land-Atmosphere Coupling Regimes from SMAP Soil Moisture
Authors: Makhasana Payal , Santanello Joseph , Lawston-Parker Patricia , Roundy Joshua
Published: May 2024

Abstract. In recent years, there has been a growing recognition of the significance of Land-Atmosphere (L-A) interactions and feedback mechanisms and their importance for weather and climate prediction. Soil moisture plays a critical role in mediating L-A interactions; therefore, this research assesses the impact of different soil moisture datasets on the classification and distribution of L-A coupling regimes. Using SMAP Level 3 (SMAPL3) and SMAP Level 4 (SMAPL4) soil moisture data, we examine the persistence of dry and wet coupling regimes over two decades (2003–2022), exploring how soil moisture influences coupling classification. An inherent challenge in assessing the significance of soil moisture in L-A coupling classification lies in the need for consistent and unbiased observations of the atmospheric state, represented through metrics such as Convective Triggering Potential (CTP), offering insights into atmospheric stability and Humidity Index (HI), which quantifies moisture within the atmosphere. The study utilizes a Triple Collocation-based merging process to address this issue and combines three reanalysis datasets for CTP and HI. Despite significant correlated errors within the individual reanalysis datasets, the merged product demonstrates enhanced performance, showcasing increased accuracy in capturing atmospheric conditions. When combined with the merged CTP and HI for coupling classification, a higher lag-correlation between soil moisture and the CTP-HI metrics contribute to the persist coupling behaviour, potentially suggesting that temporal consistency is a leading factor. SMAPL4 demonstrates stronger persistence of the wet and dry coupling regimes as compared to SMAPL3. The stronger persistence is partially due to the higher observation count, though it may partially be linked to the unique characteristics of the SMAPL4's assimilation process. This suggests that SMAPL4's approach may offer a robust approximation when assessing land-atmosphere interactions, highlighting the inherent differences between SMAPL3 and SMAPL4 datasets. These findings lay the groundwork for understanding the sensitivity of drought evolution to soil moisture variations by gaining insight into the quantification of coupling strength, thereby providing critical insights for future drought modelling and prediction efforts.
Impact of hydro-meteorological conditions and flash drought duration on post-flash drought recovery time patterns
Authors: Lu Mengge , Sun Huaiwei , Yang Yong , Xue Jie , Ling Hongbo , Zhang Hong , Zhang Wenxin
Published: May 2024

Abstract. Recovery time, which refers to the duration an ecosystem needs to revert to its pre-drought state, is a fundamental aspect of ecological resilience. Recently, flash droughts (FDs) characterized by rapid onset and development have been gained recognition. Nevertheless, the spatiotemporal patterns of recovery time and the factors that affect it remain largely unknown. In this study, we set up a novel method to investigates the recovery time patterns of terrestrial ecosystem in China based on gross primary productivity (GPP) by employing the Random Forest (RF) regression model and the Shapley Additive Prediction (SHAP) method. A random forest regression model was developed for analysing the factors influencing recovery time and establish response function functions through partial correlation for typical flash drought recovery periods. Additionally, the dominant driving factors of recovery time determined by using the SHAP method. Results reveal an average recovery time of approximately 37.5 days across China, with central and southern regions experiencing the longest recovery time. Post-flash drought radiation emerges as the primary environmental factor, followed by aridity index and post-flash drought temperature, particularly in semi-arid/sub-humid areas. Temperature exhibits a non-monotonic relationship with recovery time; with excessively cold or overheated temperatures leading to longer recovery times. Herbaceous vegetation recovers more rapidly than woody forests, with deciduous broadleaf forests demonstrating the shortest recovery time. This study provides valuable insights into comprehensive water resource and ecosystem management, and it will be helpful in large-scale drought monitoring.
Determination of Surface Drainage Coefficient Through Rainfall Analysis
Authors: G.T. Patel  , S.B. Wadtkar  , S.S. Hiwase
Published: May 2024

The drainage coefficient for agricultural watershed at Central Research Station of PDKV Akola (CRS) was estimated. For this purpose 25 years daily rainfall data was used for its depth- duration- frequency analysis to get one to four consecutive days rainfall values for 2, 5, 10 and 20 years recurrence interval (R.I.) Computed drainage coefficients (DC) indicates that the soils at CRS having basic infiltration rate above 3, 5, 7 and 8 rom/hour may not need surface drainage system for one day period rainfall of 2, 5, 10 and 20 years R.I. respectively. The corresponding values in case of two consecutive days rainfall are 2, 3, 3 and 4 mm/hr. For three consecutive days rainfall these values are I, 2, 2 and 3 rom/hr respectively and for four consecutive days rainfall values are 1,1,2 and 2 rom/hr. In case of one day period the estimated drainage coefficient varies between 64.14 rom/day to 112.14 rom/day for 5 years RI. And between 102.06 to 150.06 rom/day for 10 years RI. in clayey soils at CRS having basic infiltration rate 1 to 3 rom/hr. However, in case of two consecutive days maximum rainfall the estimated values of drainage coefficient (DC) varies between 7.81 to 55.81 rom/day for 5 years R.I. and 22.58 to 70.58 rom/day for 10 years RI. having same type of black cotton soil. In case of three consecutive days maximum rainfall the corresponding values of DC are 8.55 to 32.55 rom/day for 5 years R.I. and 17.11 to 41.11 rom/day for 10 years RI. having basic infiltration rate 1 to 2 rom/hr. Study further revels that soils at CRS having predominantly clayey soils with basic infiltration rate between I to 3 rom/hr may necessarily have to be provided with agricultural land drainage for its major existing crops
Producer gas conditioning from a rice husk gasifier for engine application
Authors: A.K. Jain  , B.S. Panesar
Published: May 2024

The producer gas generated from an open core throatless down draft gasifier even after passing through a gas conditioning unit comprising of a water scrubber, dry filter, a cyclone separator and a fabric filter, contains about 200 mgINm3 of tar. This was specially the case during rainy season i.e periods of high relative humidity and temperature. The tar after condensing stick to the engine valves and connecting pipe lines causing problems in smooth operation of the engine. The tar content in the gas is a function of gas residence time in the dry scrubber once the gas is cooled to ambient temperature in water scrubber. A series of experiments were conducted to study the effect of gas residence time and the superficial gas velocity in the dry scrubber on tar reduction in producer gas keeping the water scrubber and fabric filter as such. With a gas residence time of 12-15 seconds and superficial gas velocity of 0.03 m1s in dry filter the tar content can be brought down to around 50 mg/Nm3.
Evaluation of in-situ Soil and Water Conservation Treatments on the Performance of Acid lime (Citrus aurantifolia Swingle) on Vertisols
Authors: P Panigrahi  , AK Srivastava  , AD Huchche
Published: May 2024

Different in-situ soil and water conservation treatments consisting of continuous trenching, continuous bunding, staggered trenching between the rows and control (without any soil and water conservation treatment) were evaluated during 2003-04 in II years old acid lime orchard at Nagpur. All the conservation treatments were effective in checking loss of runoff, soil and nutrients, which resulted in a favourable response of the plants in terms of better growth, fruit yield and quality, compared to those under the control. The treatment, continuous trenching produced the best response conserving 38% runoff, 32.28% soil loss, 32.44%N, 27.67% P, and 28.95% K over control, besides 18% higher fruit yield.
A Decision Support System for the Management of Greenhouse Tomato Production
Authors: Pitam Chandra  , S.K. Singh  , A.K. Dogra
Published: May 2024

Two exponential growth models, namely, days after transplanting versus plant height and cumulative heat unit versus plant height, were developed to quantify the response of average daily temperature and number of days required to achieve the plant height at various growth stages. The average daily temperature required to be maintained in the greenhouse was predicted using the models for achieving the target dates for flowering and fruit setting. This information was used in the form of a computer program to support decision making about real time greenhouse temperature control. The knowledge for tomato crop has been organised to determine a production schedule designed to maximize the plant growth, quality and quantity of tomato.
Enseñanza de los sistemas de información geográfica (SIG) orientados a la comprensión del territorio en contextos universitarios
Authors: Espinal Patiño Carolina , Posada Pérez Natalia María
Published: May 2024

La enseñanza, aprendizaje y aplicación de los sistemas de Información Geográfica (SIG) en facultades de ciencias sociales y educación, favorecen la inteligibilidad y comprensión holística de los territorios porque posibilitan un acercamiento a sus sistemas de objetos y de acciones en tiempo y espacio. El problema radica en que los estudiantes universitarios adscritos a dichas facultades, por lo general presentan cierta desventaja de conocimientos previos necesarios para comprender la envergadura de los SIG, frente a estudiantes provenientes de ciencias exactas, debido a que estos implican de manera general, además del mapeo, la geo-referenciación de entidades y, el manejo significativo y relacional de bases de datos espaciales. En este sentido, mediante un estudio de caso, se pretende presentar una revisión del proceso docente educativo implicado en la enseñanza de los sistemas de información geográfica (SIG), de cara a la comprensión del territorio en el contexto universitario de la Facultad de Ciencias Sociales y Educación de la Institución Universitaria Colegio Mayor de Antioquia (Medellín, Colombia).
La delimitación de desempeños, conocimientos y aprendizajes básicos para la enseñanza de la Geografía en los subsistemas de bachillerato de la Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México
Authors: Ramos Trejo Alejandro , Álvarez Cruz Elsa Mireya , Carrasco Anaya Germán
Published: May 2024

Durante los últimos treinta años, América Latina ha presenciado reformas educativas impulsadas por organizaciones internacionales, que han generado ajustes en los planes de estudio de distintos niveles. En el contexto mexicano, específicamente en el bachillerato de la Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, se han desarrollado esfuerzos para establecer los conocimientos y habilidades que el estudiantado de educación media superior debe adquirir. Este artículo aborda los aspectos generales y específicos de tres documentos creados entre 1998 y 2023 por comisiones académicas. En estos se definen conocimientos, habilidades y actitudes indispensables en determinados campos disciplinares para los subsistemas de bachillerato de la Escuela Nacional Preparatoria y el Colegio de Ciencias y Humanidades, pero, en especial, se destacan los vinculados con la Geografía. El primer documento presenta el Núcleo de Conocimientos y Formación Básicos, integrado con veintiún desempeños. Posteriormente, se exponen los Conocimientos Fundamentales, que comprenden veintinueve conocimientos y, finalmente, se definen dieciocho Aprendizajes Esenciales, nueve habilidades y actitudes correspondientes al campo geográfico. Tales aportaciones han servido al cuerpo docente, para la elaboración de materiales didácticos y la revisión curricular del bachillerato universitario.
Estudo comparativo sobre gênero e pensamento espacial na formação de professores de Geografia: análise entre acadêmicos da UERJ e UFT
Authors: Machado Rocha Busch Pereira Carolina , Goulart Duarte Ronaldo
Published: May 2024

Este estudo é parte de uma pesquisa colaborativa realizada em rede entre cinco universidades brasileiras. O objetivo foi investigar como os cursos de graduação em Geografia estão influenciando o desenvolvimento do pensamento espacial dos alunos, visando melhorar sua interpretação geográfica ao longo da formação inicial. A pesquisa se enquadra no campo do Pensamento Espacial aplicado à Educação Geográfica. Este estudo específico analisa dados de alunos ingressantes e concluintes da Universidade do Estado do Rio de Janeiro e da Universidade Federal do Tocantins. A coleta de dados foi feita usando o Teste de Aptidão do Pensamento Espacial (STAT), que avalia o pensamento espacial relacionado a representações do espaço, principalmente cartográficas, e a temas geográficos. Os resultados foram comparados entre os grupos de alunos ingressantes e concluintes, levando em consideração também o gênero dos participantes, com o objetivo de identificar possíveis diferenças significativas entre os dois grupos.
Some aspects of fuzzy (b,$\theta$)-open sets in fuzzy topology
Authors: Sarma Diganta Jyoti , Basumatary Anjalu Albis , Tripathy Binod Chandra
Published: May 2024

The purpose of this article is to define fuzzy (b,$\theta$)-quasi neighbourhood using the concept of fuzzy (b,$\theta$)-open sets introduced by Dutta and Tripathy with some structural properties by defining the (b,$\theta$)-cluster point in a different way. Moreover, our second objective is to introduce the notion of fuzzy (b,$\theta$)-continuous functions and fuzzy strongly (b,$\theta$)-continuous functions using this type of nearly open sets and to establish several characterizations.
The Istanbul Museum for the History of Science and Technology in Islam
Authors: Sezgin Fuat
Published: May 2024

"The catalogue of the Museum of the Institute for the History of Arabic-Islamic Science at the Johann Wolfgang Goethe University, Frankfurt am Main, which is the mother of the Istanbul Museum for the History of Science and Technology in Islam, was completed and published in five volumes in January 2003 under the title Wissenschaft und Technik im Islam. The French translation of the catalogue came out in 2005; it was prepared for an exhibition planned for the year 2006 at the Palais de la Découverte at Paris. The first volume of the Arabic translation was published in 2007 and the second volume will appear in print shortly. The Turkish translation of the catalogue was prepared by the Turkish Academy of Science and was published in collaboration with the Ministry of Culture and Tourism in 2007. A reprint was brought out by the Department of Culture of the Istanbul City Administration in 2008. I hope the English translation of the catalogue, prepared at the Frankfurt Institute, will be ready for the press in a few months. The present Short Overview, which is printed separately in five editions (Turkish, English, German, French and Arabic), was compiled out of extracts from the large catalogue, as a handy guide for the visitors to the museum. It does not, however, contain the dates of origin of the apparatuses and instruments, their method of function and the bibliographic references; such information is available in the above-mentioned catalogue in five volumes. The first volume of the large catalogue consists of an “Introduction to the History of the Arabic-Islamic Sciences” and aims to provide an adequate idea of the importance of these sciences in the general history of science"
Heterotopic pregnancy and the influence of letrozole
Authors: Ocampo Lovingly , Bahrampour Sheeva , Herrero Pincinato Pietra , Bray Adeline , El Kareh Adele , Lisa Maas Amelia
Published: May 2024

Introduction: Heterotopic pregnancy has become increasingly common following increased use of assisted reproductive techniques. We will examine one uncommon instance of a heterotopic pregnancy occurring in the setting of a young woman undergoing letrozole therapy for primary infertility, making it an uncommonly seen case.

Case Report: We report a young otherwise healthy female G1P0 at approximately 6 weeks gestation, who was referred from her primary care office to the Emergency Department with progressive abdominal pain that started 12 hours prior and had started to exhibit signs of hemodynamic instability. History was significant for difficulty with conception requiring letrozole treatment. Emergency laparoscopy was performed and confirmed additional ectopic pregnancy in the right fallopian tube with blood originating from the fimbriated end. Evacuation of hemoperitoneum and removal of ectopic pregnancy was completed without complication. She was discharged from the hospital in stable condition.

Conclusion: In any woman of reproductive age presenting with lower abdominal pain or abnormal bleeding, there should be a strong suspicion for a pregnancy until confirmed otherwise. These patients may benefit from prompt imaging with pelvic ultrasound to assist in earlier detection of ectopic embryo implantation and, subsequently, earlier intervention. Salpingectomy, ideally via laparoscopic approach, remains the gold standard for diagnosis and treatment of patients with a ruptured ectopic pregnancy in the setting of a heterotopic pregnancy, although surgical intervention is associated with poorer outcomes for the intrauterine pregnancy.
A Bibliometric Analysis On The Diverse Economic Development Issues Published In The Last 25 Years On World Development
Authors: Dey Bijoy Kumar , Sarkar Padma , Hussain Iftikhar
Published: May 2024

World Development (WD) is a journal of international repute that publishes original, peer-reviewed, and empirical research on global economic development issues. Key developmental issues, decisions, processes, and activities within real-world settings frequently feature in WD articles. Using bibliometric techniques, we analyze the journal’s impact, prominent topics, and most prolific authors, including their affiliated institutions and countries. Through Gephi software, the findings depict the co-authorship and bibliographic couplings of authors and their affiliated institutions and countries, co-citations of journals, and co-occurrence of author-specified keywords. We have found from the bibliometric analysis that ESG (environmental, social, and governance) and development, vulnerability and development, livelihood and development, sustainability, and industrial development are the most vital developmental issues.
The Mediating Role of Relationship Quality On The Relationship Between The Corporate Brand And Repurchase Intention
Authors: Elgasim Mohamed Badur , Balal Ibrahim Siddig
Published: May 2024

Intense competition in automotive sector compels companies to fortify and strategically position their corporate brand in customers' minds. Consequently, cultivating robust and enduring relationship quality with customers has become imperative. The objective of this study was to investigate the mediating role of relationship quality on the relationship between the corporate brand and repurchase intention in the automotive sector. Grounded in the resource-based view theory, the assumption is that relationship quality serves as a mediator between the corporate brand and repurchase intention. The proposed conceptual framework includes variables three of relationship quality is hypothesized to mediate the relationship between the corporate brand and repurchase intention. Data were collected via a survey method using a personally administered questionnaire received from 322 customers of automotive companies in Sudan. The responses were obtained and analyzed through quantitative method using SPSS. The results showed that the three components of relationship quality including trust, satisfaction and commitment mediated the relationship between the corporate brand and repurchase intention. Each relationship quality component exhibits distinct mediation patterns. These results contributed a unique addition to academic knowledge and offer valuable insights for decision-makers in the marketing field.
Monitoring the fermentation process and physico-chemical analysis of Cupuaçu (Theobroma grandiflorum Schum).
Authors: Viegas Rosimeiry , Gabriel Souza Torres Vanderson , José lasmar Dimas
Published: May 2024

In the Amazon region, it is observed that the transformation processes of vegetable raw materials, carried out in local agroindustrial plants, generate a large amount of waste rich in substances with potential for reuse in other processes. In this sense, agro-industries can supply a large amount of biomass to obtain bioproducts of commercial interest. Furthermore, for the use of the main agro-industrial residues generated from the processing of cupuaçu, the fermentative and physical-chemical properties of Cupuaçu will be analyzed with the aim of evaluating the potential for using cupuaçu seeds, coming from an Amazonian agro-industry, thus aiming to, the production of raw materials with possible applications in the industrial, food and cosmetic sectors.
A Comprehensive Review of Chemical Looping Ammonia Synthesis
Authors: Han Ziheng , Xue Qiuyan , Hu Xiude , Guo Tuo , Ma Jingjing , Guo Qingjie
Published: May 2024

Ammonia, being a vital chemical compound, has made substantial contributions to the progress of society. It addresses not only the issue of nitrogen fixation from the atmosphere but also helps alleviate the food crisis. Nevertheless, the conventional Haber-Bosch process for synthesizing ammonia is frequently associated with substantial greenhouse gas emissions and the consumption of fossil fuels. Consequently, in response to significant environmental challenges, the prospective trajectory for the synthetic ammonia sector involves the adoption of strategies such as carbon reduction, energy-efficient conversions, and the exploration of environmentally friendly and sustainable approaches to ammonia synthesis. Among the various methods for green ammonia synthesis, chemical looping ammonia synthesis (CLAS) technology is regarded as one of the most promising alternatives to conventional ammonia synthesis methods in the upcoming years. This can be attributed to the relatively mild operating conditions and the flexible and distributed characteristics of its processes. In this paper, the thermodynamic and kinetic properties of nitridation and ammoniation reactions were examined through the lens of CLAS. The design and regulation strategies of nitrogen carriers (NCs) are summarized based on various types of NCs. The process of CLAS was summarized in relation to various NCs. This paper serves as a foundational resource for the prospective advancement of the CLAS framework.
Novel composite model: application in epidemic and actuarial science
Authors: Benchettah Moulouk Halima , Zeghdoudi Halim , Vinoth Raman
Published: May 2024

Actuarial sciences frequently use Nakagami and Pareto distributions to model their payment data. The Nakagami distribution is frequently employed for modeling the lifespans of things that are affected by their age, and it possesses a multitude of practical applications. Alternatively, academics sometimes utilize the Pareto distribution to model payments data, especially for instances of substantial loss data or reinsurance payments. The present study presents and investigates a new composite model known as the composite Nakagami-Pareto distribution (CNPD), which integrates components from both the Nakagami and Pareto distributions. When examining composite distributions, the first distribution is usually characterized by a thin tail, whereas the next distribution has a thick tail. In the Nakagami-Pareto model, the Nakagami density is chosen as  due to its characteristic of being a light-tailed distribution. Similarly, the Pareto distribution is selected as  because it exhibits a heavy-tailed distribution. An investigation has been conducted to assess the practical usefulness of the composite Nakagami-Pareto model when applied to real-world data sets. This analysis has emphasized the significant components of the model. Statistical qualities such as cumulative distribution function, quantile function, mode, first moment, ad-hoc procedure and maximum likelihood estimation have been established. Furthermore, a method for estimating has been described utilizing a data sample derived from the Composite Nakagami-Pareto model. The composite exponential-Pareto and the composite lognormal-Pareto distributions' resultant densities have similar shapes, but their tails are more noticeable. Therefore, we anticipate that our model will be more suitable than the composite exponential-Pareto distribution, composite lognormal-Pareto distribution, and other traditional one (or two)-parameter distributions. The significance and practicality of this novel approach were demonstrated by analyzing simulated cases, data sets are available for the recovery periods (measured in weeks) of 75 persons from Angola who were infected with the Marburg virus, as well as for 2156 fire insurance losses in Denmark.
Investigation of the influence of pre-treatment with ultrasound + ethanol on the drying of mature fruits of Schinus terebinthifolius Raddi
Authors: Albuquerque Caroline Fernanda , Ribeiro Tatiany Ciríaco , Ávila Mariane Borges Rodrigues de , Melo Evandro de Castro , Fonseca Maira Christina Marques , Silva Luís César da , Carneiro Antônio Policarpo Souza , Demuner Antônio Jacinto
Published: May 2024

The aim of this study was to evaluate the influence of pretreatment (ultrasound + etanol), associated with different drying air temperatures, on the yield and quality of the essential oil of ripe fruits of Schinus terebinthifolius Raddi and to adjust previously described mathematical models in the specialized literature in order to obtain graphical representation of the drying kinetics. The experiments were conducted according to a Central Composite Design considering two factors with the following ranges: pre-treatment duration (ultrasound+ethanol) from 0 to 12 minutes and drying air temperature from 40 to 80 ºC. Four mathematical models, namely: Lewis, Page, Midilli, and Henderson & Pabis, were fitted to the experimental data. The essential oil was extracted by hydrodistillation and its constituents were identified by gas chromatography coupled with mass spectrometry (GC–MS). The Midilli model best represented the drying kinetics of ripe fruits of S. terebinthifolius pretreated with ultrasound + ethanol. The drying time of S. terebinthifolius fruits was influenced both by the pretreatment duration (with linear effect) and by the drying air temperature (linear and quadratic effects). None of the evaluated factors showed significance on the essential oil yield. It was not possible to adjust a model that simultaneously optimized the drying time and the yield of the essential oil of ripe and dried fruits of S. terebinthifolius, previously treated with ultrasound + ethanol.
Notes on rare, endemic, red listed plants as additions to the flora of Cannanore district (Kannur), Kerala state
Authors: Udayan P. , Tushar K. , George Satheesh
Published: May 2024

This paper enumerates eleven species of angiosperms from ten families, which have not been reported from Kannur District, Kerala. They are collected from Kottiyoor Reserve Forest near Ambayathode, Kannur District. Brief descriptions together with phenological and distributional data are provided.
Connection Between Socioeconomic Status and Behavioral Well-being: A Closer Look at Eating and Sleep Disorders
Authors: Li Xinru , Ouyang Lijing , Zhang Sizhe , Li Li , Huang Zitong
Published: May 2024

This paper aims to investigate whether there is a correlation between individuals socioeconomic status and the prevalence and severity of eating and sleeping disorders. The current study attempts to explain this link from an evolutionary psychology perspective. This study discusses past literature that showed the prevalence and severity of eating and sleeping disorders positively or negatively correlating with factors like mating, social impacts and working, then predicts a positive correlation between a less commonly investigated factor, socioeconomic status, and the prevalence and severity of eating and sleeping disorders. The research proposal suggests that in a correlational study, 1000 participants will complete a questionnaire as a measurement of their socioeconomic status and the prevalence and severity of eating and/or sleeping disorders. A longitudinal study will follow up the data for 12 months. A multiple regression will be conducted. If results are found significant, implications of our findings could be applied both socially and clinically. If a non-significant result is found, the direction of future studies is suggested, including using multiple research methods for further investigation and attempting to establish a causal relationship between the chosen variables.
Chinese International Students Ingroup Bias and Collective Self-esteem
Authors: Zheng Qiwen
Published: May 2024

This study explores the influence of studying abroad on ingroup bias and collective self-esteem among Chinese international students in the US. Given the cultural differences between the two countries, Chinese students may face challenges and even discrimination when socializing with the host nationals. From the social identity perspective, such negative experiences can intensify feelings of being an outsider, leading to stronger adherence to their familiar group. In addition, to strengthen their social identity they may emphasize the positive attributes of the ingroup they belong to, which also enhances collective self-esteem. The present study hypothesizes that Chinese international students will exhibit higher ingroup bias and collective self-esteem related to their nationality than domestic Chinese students. Using a minimal group paradigm, the research aims to determine if overseas experiences heighten ingroup bias and collective self-esteem even without real-context comparisons. The findings provide insights into the complexities of cross-cultural interactions and the psychological impacts of studying abroad.
Treatment for OCD and Their Effectiveness
Authors: Lu Dazhi
Published: May 2024

This research looks at a variety of aspects related to obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD), such as symptoms, possible factors diagnosis, and treatment methods. OCD's distinctive ritualistic compulsions, which frequently manifest as uncontrollable thought and behavior patterns, are brought on by distressing obsessions. According to this study neurotransmitter and Corticostriatal circuits abnormalities have been linked to this disorder, although the exact cause is still unknown. Increased susceptibility among blood relations of sick individuals suggests a role for genetics. Obsessions and compulsions are diagnosed based on predetermined criteria that highlight their irrationality and disruptive nature. The connection between obsessive thoughts and anxiety can be broken by a number of treatments, the foundation of which is behavioral therapy. By gradually confronting anxiety-inducing circumstances, exposure and response prevention (ERP) has proven successful. According to this paper the main objectives of cognitive therapy are to address dysfunctional thought processes, such as overestimating threats or taking on excessive responsibility. This paper contends that by cognitive-behavioral therapy (CBT) combining behavioral and cognitive elements is both economical and efficient. The studies under review in this paper demonstrate differences in treatment effectiveness, accentuating the necessity for more studies with larger sample sizes in making definitive judgments on treatment outcomes.
Perceived Paternal and Maternal Parenting Attributes of Primary Students' Learning Motivation
Authors: Xu Guowei
Published: May 2024

Family parenting has an important influence on children's learning motivation, especially the difference between paternal parenting and maternal parenting. This paper investigates the influence of paternal parenting style and maternal parenting style on children's learning motivation through questionnaire survey. The results show that different ways of paternal parenting and maternal parenting have different effects on promoting children's learning motivation. Paternal parenting style is simpler and more direct, but it has a significant impact on children's learning motivation, while children under maternal parenting style are more optimistic. We think this is closely linked with the three learning theories. The information here provides readers with a comparison of the influence of paternal parenting and maternal parenting on children's learning motivation, and shows that the parenting style suitable for children is the best parenting style.
Difference of Teachers Teaching Objectives Between Chinese High School and American High School
Authors: Chen Liuye
Published: May 2024

In this paper, the researcher explored the factors associated with different teaching objectives of American and Chinese high school teachers. The semi-structured interviews were conducted with a group of teachers who have rich experience teaching in American or Chinese high schools to understand (1) their teaching objectives, (2) the educational goals of the school, (3) their teaching styles and (4) why they want to be a teacher. Results concluded three key factors: (1) the effect of the schools educational goals; (2) the importance of students reactions and classroom environment; (3) how personal values and interests influence teachers goals.
Parties, Power, and People: The Impact of Duma Participation on Political Parties in the Russian Empire
Authors: Tan Jiahua , Peng Yichen , Wang Zhaochen
Published: May 2024

This article explores role of the State Duma in shaping the destinies of key political parties, particularly the Constitutional Democratic Party (Kadets) and the Bolsheviks, prior to the Russian Revolutions of 1917. Despite its failure to avert the revolutions, the State Duma was instrumental in shaping the future trajectories of the participating parties. Utilizing a framework that combines power dynamics and historical analysis, the essay scrutinizes the State Duma's role in Russian power dynamics and its impact on the future trajectories of Russian political parties. The essay provides an interpretation of the Kadets' and Bolsheviks' fates through their attitudes, idealism, and interactions with this experimental legislative body.
The Impact of Income on Private Schools in China: A Social Perspective
Authors: Hu Ruizhi
Published: May 2024

This study explores the intricate relationship between income and private education in China, focusing on how income levels affect access and quality of education. It analyzes the correlation between household income and private school enrollment rates, shedding light on educational decision-making in a changing societal landscape. Additionally, the research examines whether private education can facilitate upward mobility for lower-income students. The study's insights inform policymakers, educators, parents, and researchers on enhancing educational access, reducing inequality, and maintaining academic standards in the context of increasing private schools. It contributes to the discourse on educational justice amid socioeconomic transformation.
Achievement Emotions and Academic Performance: On the Computer-based Learning Environments
Authors: Wang Siyuan , Xie Haolin
Published: May 2024

The purpose of this study is to investigate the association between academic success and achievement feelings in a computer-based environment. The majority of studies have demonstrated how feelings of success affect academic performance. According to some academics, pleasant emotions result in positive outcomes whereas negative emotions produce negative effects. On the other hand, some academics think the two are unconnected or have the opposite effect. Researchers are beginning to focus more on the emotions that students experience in computer-based learning environments (CBLEs) when they succeed. Additionally, CBLEs have a big impact on a lot of emotions. For ex-ample, they can influence pupils' moods with specific designs. This research attempts to offer an overview of the several articles that have already looked into the subjects of the earlier studies mentioned above. This article also acknowledges a possible loophole that has not been addressed by other studies and suggests that arousal level is also important as the emotional arousal in determining the influence on students' grades.
How Attitudes Toward Online Learning Changes During Pandemic, and Reasons Behind It
Authors: Zheng Yifei , Li Aoze , Xu Chuyi , Ouyang Peishan , Li Changle
Published: May 2024

This paper aim to understand peoples attitude toward online learning and find the reason behind it. The emergence of new coronavirus disease has revolutionized every aspect of people's lives. During the pandemic, all those who try to receive education, students, have to study online. Online learning has become a famous topic during a pandemic. People receive online education and this research is trying to find what are peoples attitude towards this new form of education and does this attitude change during pandemic. At same time, social media are heavily used as a platform for people to express their emotions. In this research, data from posts of Twitter users under the topic of online learning are analyzed using sentiment analysis and MDCOR. The results of sentiment analysis tell us the attitudes change during the pandemic and MDCOR shows potential reason behind it.
Possible Effects of Parents with Avoidant Attachment on Parent-Child Relationships
Authors: Fan Yuxi
Published: May 2024

Many scientists who experience avoidant attachment in their studies of avoidant attachment focus on the child, and few articles go into the fact that this can lead to problems in the parent-child relationship, so the goal is the parent-child relationship, which is divided into the child's and parent's perspectives. By studying the experimental questionnaire administered by W. Steven Rholes to parents with avoidant attachment prenatally and postnatally, respectively, the results showed that they had low satisfaction with parenting and high levels of stress. It was also found through a study of the incidence of psychological disorders in offspring that the harm suffered by mothers at an early age can lead to avoidant attachment and severely affect their offspring, even to the point of developing anxiety disorders in adolescence.
Exploring Factors That Obstacle the Gender Equality Education of Asian Society
Authors: Shen Yurou
Published: May 2024

Within the past decades, research has been increasingly drawn toward understanding the factors that obstacle the gender equality education of Asian society. However, to examine the hindering factors requires research of its breath and underlying mechanisms from an interdisciplinary approach. This paper begins by reviewing the gender education in relation to its concept and significances. The main influencing factors are then explored from a macro-environmental perspective, including supportive policies, economic conditions, and relevant talents. Research shows that the significant considerations should be given to lack of top-level policy support, high learning stress on learners, insufficient distribution of economic funds, current situation of gender opposition, and stereotypes and the solidification of Feudal ideas. For suggestions related to gender equality education, in addition to improving sex education, from the perspective of women of all ages, Asian fertility policies and corporate maternity leave policies need to be further optimized. The specific implementation of gender equality education courses can refer to examples from other developed regions outside East Asia, while encouraging the development of peoples thinking and creating an open, equal, and free new society.
The Nobel Prize in Literature-Defining a Great Book
Authors: Gao Ya
Published: May 2024

The Nobel Prize is essential and highly valued in literature. However, the debate about the Nobel Prizes authority and criticism has always existed. This work provides a systematic summary of the criticism of the Nobel Prize in Literature and argues that the Nobel Prize is not authentic enough to define a great book from the aspect of Nationality, The Swedish Academys Authority, and Political Influences based on Alfred Nobels Will and Interpretation From The Swedish Academy. By analyzing the Nobel Prizes authority, this paper provides critical thinking for well-known institutions and Prizes for literature writings regarding the works themselves. It leads to further research on defining a great book.
Black Sheep as Tragic Hero: How Disruptive Students Resist the Oppression and Why They Fail to Liberate?
Authors: Zou Zixi
Published: May 2024

Within the educational landscapes, there exists a prevailing dichotomy. On one side stand the obedient students, absorbing knowledge from their teachers unconditionally, and on the other side stand their non-compliant counterparts who are prone to disrupt the prescribed order, labeled as the black sheep of the academic flock. In education, obedience and conformity are celebrated, while noncompliance is stigmatized. Researchers often focus on strategies to control disruptive behavior, perpetuating teacher-centered approaches that maintain power imbalances. However, disruptive behavior is not just defiance. It's a response to an oppressive educational paradigm. This study delves into the narrative of these disruptive students, exploring their resistance to an educational system with intrinsic oppressive nature and the obstacles they encounter in their pursuit of liberation. The theoretical framework of this study is mainly constructed upon Freires critical pedagogy theory and literature on power dynamics to examine power dynamics in education settings and to understand students resistant behavior and why it fails to provoke change.