bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Strategi Distribusi Dalam Meningkatkan Volume Penjualan Menurut Perspektif Ekonomi Syariah
Authors: Putra Ilham Chanra
Published: May 2023

Penelitian ini dilatarbelakangi oleh meningkatnya volume penjualan pada Graha Pratama Fish, namun Graha Pratama Fish belum memiliki agen resmi di setiap daerah untuk menyalurkan distribusi. Strategi distribusi merupakan  bermacam kegiatan yang dilakukan perusahaan untuk menjadikan produk lebih mudah diperoleh atau tersedia untuk pasar sasaran. Dengan tujuan agar konsumen dapat dengan mudah memperoleh barang yang konsumen butuhkan. Semakin baiknya strategi distribusi maka hal ini akan meningkatkan volume penjualan. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui bagaimana Strategi Distribusi dalam meningkatkan volume penjualan pada Graha Pratama Fish di Kampung Patin Desa Koto Mesjid Kabupaten Kampar, dan bagaimana tinjauan ekonomi syariah terhadap strategi distribusi dalam meningkatkan volume penjualan pada pada Graha Pratama Fish di Kampung Patin Desa Koto Mesjid Kabupaten Kampar. Jenis penelitian ini adalah penelitian lapangan yang bersifat kualitatif. Sumber data dalam penelitian ini menggunakan sumber data primer dan skunder. Teknik pengumpulam data berupa observasi, wawancara dan dokumentasi serta teknik analisis yang digunakan yaitu analisis deskristif kualitatif. Adapun populasi penelitian ini berjumlah (5) lima orang, dan semua populasi dijadikan sampel dengan menggunakan teknik total sampling. Hasil penelitian ini yaitu Strategi distribusi yang digunakan oleh Graha Pratama Fish  adalah strategi distribusi ekslusif. Strategi distribusi ekslusif yaitu, mendistribusikan produk melalui satu saluran dan beberapa anggota saluran (pedagang dan outlet). Saluran distribusi yang digunakan oleh Graha Pratama Fish adalah saluran langsung dan saluran tiga tingkat. Saluran langsung yaitu, produsen berada langsung pada konsumen (Graha Pratama Fish – Konsumen), dan saluran tidak langsung (produsen-agen-pedagang besar-konsumen). Saluran tiga tingkat atau saluran tidak langsung (produsen-agen-pedagang besar-konsumen) yaitu produsen memilih agen (agen penjualan atau agen pabrik) sebagai penyalurnya. Agen penjualan menjalankan kegiatan perdagangan besar dalam saluran distribusi yang ada. Sasaran penjualannya terutama ditujukan kepada para pengecer besar. Strategi dalam meningkatkan volume penjualan di Graha Pratama fish secara umum sudah sesuai dengan ekonomi syariah dalam mendistribusikan produk Graha Prtama Fish memiliki prinsip keadilan, tanggung jawab hingga produk sampai ke tangan konsumen.
重新驗證新構上古音系統的一部多元音説———以安大簡《詩經》爲主要探討對象
Authors: 楊 濬豪
Published: May 2023

LANGUAGE NOTE | Document text in Chinese; abstract also in English.

對於上古漢語元音系統的構擬，目前學界有“一部一元音説”與“一部多元音説”兩種看法。爲了探討“一部一元音説”與“一部多元音説”的分歧，本文擬由《安徽大學藏戰國竹簡（一）》———目前出土文獻所見最早傳抄版本的《詩經》進行韻腳系聯，以音位及押韻條件重新驗證新構上古音學者的“一部多元音説”。

There are two theories on the Old Chinese vowel system: one is “one rhyme group with one vowel” and the other is “one rhyme group with multiple vowels.” The rhymes of the Book of Odes are one of the most important materials for the reconstruction of ancient Chinese phonology, especially in examining the differences between these two theories. This paper aims to re-examine the one on “one rhyme group with multiple vowels” by scrutinizing the phonemes and rhymes of the earliest version of the Book of Odes inscribed on the bamboo slips preserved in Anhui University.
《大意尊聞》中的方東樹其人其思———以讀書觀和人生感悟爲例
Authors: 何 威萱
Published: May 2023

LANGUAGE NOTE | Document text in Chinese; abstract also in English.

談到清代的“漢宋之爭”，必然會提及方東樹（1772—1851）及其攻駁乾嘉漢學的名著《漢學商兑》。由於《漢學商兑》立場鮮明，不但被視爲清代宋學家的宣言，更成爲學者認識方東樹的主要材料。然而，這種研究徑路其實存在局限，因爲《漢學商兑》實爲一本具有特定目的且充滿攻擊性的學術專著，未必能反映方東樹其人其思之全貌。有鑒於此，本文將目光轉向方氏《大意尊聞》一書。《大意尊聞》雖是其晚年寫予子孫的家誡，但書中内容係與天下後學共勉，代表他對後輩的普遍期許；該書之性質也更像是省身録，較諸《漢學商兑》集中於學術交鋒的詞嚴義正，透露更多私密的觀念與情緒。藉由此書，一方面可認識方東樹與朱子（熹，1130—1200）有同有異的讀書法，同時也看到他的自我反思與人生感悟。這些方東樹學思與性格之面向，是無法透過《漢學商兑》識取的。

Fang Dongshu (1772-1851) and his Hanxue shangdui always play an important role in the discussion of the disputes between the Han School and Song School in the middle of the Qing Dynasty. Scholars have been relying mainly on this book in their study of the Song School and the image of Fang. However, this research approach and methodology may be problematic because of the distinctive motives behind the writing of Hanxue shangdui. It is a monograph full of antagonism intended to defend the value of the Song School against the Han School; therefore, it cannot reflect the entirety of Fang’s character and thought. To reverse the situation, I would like to focus on Fang’s other book, Dayi zunwen, which comprises family precepts for his grandchildren. Through this book, we can transparently realize Fang’s methods of study, as well as his personality defects by introspection. We can also comprehend the conduct of life that he provided for his descendants in his senectitude.
晚清民初“夢窗熱”溯源：從周濟與吴中詞人的創作看夢窗詞的崛起
Authors: 徐 瑋
Published: May 2023

LANGUAGE NOTE | Document text in Chinese; abstract also in English.

晚清民初詞壇向有“夢窗熱”一説，指當時詞人特重夢窗詞，學夢窗成風。吴文英在詞史上的升降浮沈落差甚大。自清代中後期，夢窗開始進入詞家的視野，並受到一定的推崇，而在晚清民初一躍成爲詞壇圭臬。箇中原因，耐人尋味，也可見夢窗詞獨特的魅力。道光詞壇的重要選本《宋四家詞選》和《宋七家詞選》等，以及一些相關的評論，都可視爲吴文英詞崛起的端倪。隨著論者對夢窗詞更深入的認知，他們在創作中對夢窗詞亦有一定程度的仿擬和化用。本文以這個時期爲日後“夢窗熱”之發端，並擬結合詞論，觀察周濟及吴中詞人在創作時對夢窗詞的摹習。

The article aims to examine the reception of a controversial poet, Wu Wenying 吴文英 (ca. 1200-ca. 1260), who was not highly regarded until after the Daoguan reign-period of the Qing dynasty (1820-1850), but quickly became the most influential figure in both the fields of critiques and creative writing. Despite the criticism, Wu continued to influence on the ci-poets in the 20th century, This article explores the beginning of Wu’s rising popularity by investigating important critics and poets who were active during the Daoguan era, namely Zhou Ji (1781-1839), Ge Zai (1786-1856), and Zhu Shou (1789-1840). By analyzing the circumstances that gave rise to the popularity of Wu and the ci-poems written in an attempt to emulate Mengchuang’s style, the article aims to learn how tradition was drawn upon and transformed, producing new meanings among late Qing poets.
Aproximaciones al estudio del diseño evolutivo con base en las revoluciones paradigmáticas. Diseño sistémico aplicado al diseño generativo de mobiliario para cocina
Authors:   , Ríos Ocaña Ricardo Andrés
Published: May 2023

Diseñar es un acto proyectivo, que requiere tener la capacidad sensitiva de análisis del contexto y de la acción del sujeto en dicho entorno. El examen señalado parte de la observación sistémica y su análisis fenomenológico y dialectico para generar una síntesis de variables, sólo ello determinará aquellos factores que generan fricción u obstruyen el desenvolvimiento evolutivo del individuo, generando propuestas para abatir dichas tensiones y, en consecuencia, mejorar su calidad de vida. De acuerdo con Bejan y Zane (2012), un sistema perdura manteniendo su pertinencia en el contexto, siempre que se genere una reestructuración constante en nuevas formas y orientaciones, características que permiten el mejor acceso a las corrientes que fluyen a través de él. La propiedad señalada se ve influenciada por la capacidad de intercambio de información que tenga el sistema con los sistemas adyacentes en un constante diálogo. Durante esta interacción se generan los estímulos necesarios para que el sistema pueda readecuarse estructuralmente, siempre en busca de un óptimo desplazamiento dentro de un suprasistema y así iterativamente. Dicha interacción sistémica constante se detecta a partir de códigos comunes, llamados “isomorfismos”, éstos dictan comportamiento y tendencia. Un isomorfismo congruente con el sistema analizado puede utilizarse como base estructural para el análisis y desarrollo de objetos en el que está inmerso el sujeto, abatiendo fricciones contraproducentes. Tomando una postura holística durante el proceso de diseño, donde se detecten los diferentes factores contextuales que definen el fenómeno emergente y posteriormente se deduzcan los isomorfismos que comparten los sistemas involucrados, será posible encontrar y analizar los flujos esenciales que conforman la solución a la problemática observada y su tendencia, y en consecuencia, se permitirá la posibilidad de generar un producto de diseño adaptable, capaz de potenciar las capacidades sujeto dentro de su entorno. Si se otorga al objeto de diseño una capacidad de interacción propia con el entorno, por medio de detectores de diversas variables, se le estaría asignando su propia capacidad de respuesta y reestructuración para mejora continua, es decir, se le proporcionaría una propiedad evolutiva. En calidad de ejemplo, en el estudio de caso presentado en el Capítulo 5 de esta investigación, se presenta la forma en la que se utilizaron variables delimitadas para modulación de mobiliario, con la finalidad de automatizar el proceso de construcción tridimensional de cada módulo y permitir un proceso de diseño y producción más eficiente y adaptable.
Mycosis fungoides in an 11 year-old child: a case report
Authors: Korsantiya M. N. , Abramov D. S. , Efimova A. A. , Pshonkin A. V. , Myakova N. V.
Published: May 2023

Primary cutaneous lymphomas are quite rare in children. Clinical and histopathological manifestations of these diseases in children differ significantly from those in adults. Due to their rarity and complex clinical presentation, diagnosis may take long time. Mycosis fungoides (MF) is the most commonly diagnosed form of primary cutaneous lymphomas in childhood. There are no clinical guidelines for the treatment of children. Literature data on MF variants in children are scarce; the largest study includes 34 patients who were diagnosed on average 4 years after the onset of the first symptoms. In the present article we describe a clinical case of MF in an 11-year-old child with an 8-year history of multiple lesions of the skin and scalp. The patient's parents gave their consent to the use of their child's data, including photographs, for research purposes and in publications.

   The aim of our article is to demonstrate the problems in the diagnosis of the disease, especially at an early stage, because its symptoms may be similar to those of many common pediatric inflammatory skin conditions.
Extracorporeal photopheresis: how, why and for whom?
Authors: Kumukova I. B. , Trakhtman P. E. , Kurnikova E. E.
Published: May 2023

Extracorporeal photopheresis is a method of cell therapy that was developed and introduced into clinical practice of various specialties over 30 years ago but its mechanism of action, clinical application and the possibility of further modification are still on the minds of scientists around the world. Here we provide a review of the existing literature on the major critical aspects of the extracorporeal photopheresis technology as well as information on possible ways of modifying the method, the current understanding of its mechanism of effectiveness, the use in various diseases and pathological conditions and a list of possible side effects.
Pathogenesis, treatment and prevention of diseases caused by Epstein–Barr virus
Authors: Rumyantsev A. G.
Published: May 2023

Studying diseases associated with viruses belonging to the family of Herpesviridae is an important challenge for medical researchers and clinicians because of the specific tropism of herpesviruses for immune cells, life-long persistence in human target cells, the ability to reactivate and the potential to cause a wide variety of clinical manifestations. Unlike other members of Herpesviridae, Epstein–Barr virus (EBV), also known as human herpes 4, displays tropism for B cells and mucosal epithelial cells, has the capacity to cause not only productive infection (infectious mononucleosis), but also establish various types of latency in cells, causes benign and malignant transformation of immune system cells (hemoblastoses) and mucosal epithelial cells (oral cavity cancer and gastric cancer). EBV causes 200 000 deaths worldwide every year, the majority of which are attributable to cancers associated with EBV persistence. Moreover, EBV is associated with a group of autoimmune disorders, such as multiple sclerosis, and secondary immunodeficiencies occurring in patients with infection of immune system cells. Mechanisms of the interaction between EBV and human cells implicated in cancer induction should be a focus of further research in fundamental virology, oncology and medicine as a whole. The interactions between EBV and target cells in mother-fetus-child system appear to be the most complicated. The inevitability of facing the virus and associated long-term consequences is determined by the time and mode of mother-to-child transmission of EBV, the presence of innate immune defense factors, genetics and molecular mechanisms of EBV latency. Recent scientific insights allow us to establish control over the evolution of EBV interactions with its host and to identify promising approaches to the prevention and treatment of previously incurable diseases associated with EBV.
ÖZEL EĞİTİMDE AİLELERİN EĞİTİM SÜRECİNE KATILIMINA İLİŞKİN OKUL YÖNETİCİLERİNİN GÖRÜŞLERİ
Authors: TAYTAK KÜÇÜK Eda , TAŞKIN Pelin
Published: May 2023

Özel eğitime ihtiyaç duyan bir çocuğun eğitimden en verimli biçimde faydalanması için anne ve babanın çocuğun eğitimine aktif olarak katılmaları ve bu eğitimi evde desteklemeleri gerekir. Özel gereksinimli çocuğun ebeveynlerinin kapsamlı bir şekilde eğitime katılım sağlaması yasalar ve diğer hukuki düzenlemelerle zorunlu kılınmıştır. Ailelerin eğitime katılım düzeylerine ailenin sahip olduğu karakteristik özelliklerin yanı sıra okul yönetiminin ve öğretmenlerin aile katılımı ile ilgili yaptığı uygulamaların büyük etki ettiği ileri sürülmektedir. Bu bağlamda bu araştırmanın amacı, özel eğitimde ailelerin eğitim sürecine katılımına ilişkin okul yöneticilerinin görüşlerinin belirlenmesidir. Nitel bir araştırma olan bu araştırmada veriler 2020- 2021 Eğitim–Öğretim yılında İzmir ilinin Seferihisar ilçesinde bulunan Milli Eğitim Bakanlığına bağlı kamu okullarının özel eğitim sınıflarının bulunduğu okullarda yöneticilik yapan 8 okul yöneticisinden görüşme yapılarak elde edilmiştir. Araştırma bulgularına göre ailelerin aile katılım düzeyleri yetersizdir. Bu yetersizlik en çok velilerin psikolojik durumları, çocuklarının engel türü ve düzeyi, çalışmalara karşı isteksizlik, eğitim seviyeleri, sahip oldukları çocuk sayısı gibi nedenlerden kaynaklanmaktadır. Ayrıca aile katılım çalışmaları Covid- 19 salgınından olumsuz etkilenmiştir. Elde edilen bu veriler ışığında hizmet içi eğitimlerde okul yöneticilerinin aile katılımı ve aile eğitimi konularında bilgilenmeleri sağlanmalıdır.
Integrated Litho-, Chemo- and Sequence Stratigraphy of the Ediacaran Gametrail Formation Across a Shelf-Slope Transect in the Wernecke Mountains, Yukon, Canada
Authors: Busch James F. , Boag Thomas H. , Sperling Erik A. , Rooney Alan D. , Feng Xiahong , Moynihan David P. , Strauss Justin V.
Published: May 2023

The Ediacaran Gametrail Formation of northwestern Canada chronicles the evolution of a complex carbonate ramp system in response to fluctuations in relative sea level and regional tectonic subsidence alongside exceptional global change associated with the Shuram carbon isotope excursion (CIE). Here, we use extensive outcrop exposures of the Gametrail Formation in the Wernecke Mountains of Yukon, Canada, to construct a shelf-slope transect across the Shuram CIE. Twelve stratigraphic sections of the Gametrail Formation are combined with geological mapping and a suite of geochemical analyses to develop an integrated litho-, chemo-, and sequence stratigraphic model for these strata. In the more proximal Corn/Goz Creek region, the Gametrail Formation represents a storm-dominated inner to outer ramp depositional setting, while slope depositional environments in the Nadaleen River region are dominated by hemipelagic sedimentation, turbidites, and debris flows. The magnitude of the Shuram CIE is largest in slope limestones which underwent sediment-buffered diagenesis, while the CIE is notably smaller in the inner-outer ramp dolostones which experienced fluid-buffered diagenesis. Our regional mapping identified a distinct structural panel within the shelf-slope transect that was transported ~30 km via strike-slip motion during the Mesozoic–Cenozoic Cordilleran orogeny. One location in this transported structural block contains a stromatolite reef complex with extremely negative carbon isotope values down to ~ -30‰, while the other location contains an overthickened ooid shoal complex that does not preserve the characteristic negative CIE associated with the Shuram event. These deviations from the usual expression of the Shuram CIE along the shelf-slope transect in the Wernecke Mountains, and elsewhere globally, provide useful examples for how local tectonic, stratigraphic, and/or geochemical complexities can result in unusually large or completely absent expressions of a globally recognized CIE.
JOURNEY OF WOMEN’S STUDIES IN INDIA (1974-2023)
Authors: PATEL Vibhuti
Published: May 2023

It is essential to critically reflect on cross cultural studies from feminist perspectives and understand the dimensions of universal standards of gender equality in different cultural contexts and interpretations. In the Indian context, women’s rights movement, women’s studies and gender studies have provided such space for reflections on cross-cultural perspectives. Women’s Studies as a discipline aims to theorise for the oppressed and direct its knowledge construction efforts for a gender transformative agenda. This article aims to provide a survey of the history of this discipline in India, and to critically present its main challenges, while underlining its most evident achievements.
Examining the “normal” in Relation to Mental Illness: The Case of Jane Eyre
Authors: Kona Prakash
Published: May 2023

How do we understand what is normal social behavior outside the parameters that are used to define “mental illness”? Terminological clarity is important in ensuring that our perception of mental illness is not just a theoretical exercise but is invariably connected to our day-to-day lives. A person could appear completely normal while displaying abnormal traits in his or her character. Something like that does not necessarily make them social misfits because they could still be perceived as “normal” for all practical purposes. For an instance of the normalization of the abnormal, I selected the novel Jane Eyre. Far from being a simple, captivating romance, Jane Eyre is not just about a girl struggling for self-respect but also someone who is trapped in a struggle for “normalcy” in the face of potential mental illness. The latter part of my paper revolves around two aspects: one is that we cannot conceive of the Realist novel without seeing that the genre of the novel itself is a product of class and gender-based contradictions. Another factor, specific to Jane Eyre, is that in their desperation to be “normal,” the characters display morbid symptoms of a controlled and by extension deceptive behavior that would qualify for an argument that the novel is a study of mental illness, rather than a picture of a society at harmony with itself. The paper is a critique of normalcy in the face of the fear of falling mentally ill – a fear experienced by the narrator and communicated to the reader. In the process, the paper uses some of the literary aspects of the text to talk about characters in a manner that brings them as close as possible to reality. The characters are not just imaginary beings in the author’s mind, but individuals who could be situated in a social and a historical context. In attempting to examine mental illness in relation to Jane Eyre, the paper pays attention to some of the other characters in the novel such as Helen Burns, Brocklehurst, and St. John Rivers. The colonial dimension of mental illness in the colonizer’s world is also explored.
Book Review: David Graeber and David Wengrow, The Dawn of Everything - A New History of Humanity, Penguin Books: London 2021.
Authors: Ferreira-Meyers Karen
Published: May 2023

The introduction to The Dawn of Everything describes how it took anthropologist, activist, public intellectual of international repute, and professor of anthropology at the London School of Economics, David Graeber, and archaeologist David Wengrow more than ten years to complete. Undertaken originally as a diversion from their academic duties, its drafting became a daily occurrence. The book is dedicated to Graeber, who died on 2 September 2020, just over three weeks after the book’s completion.
STUDI EKOLOGI PENGOLAHAN GARAM TRADISIONAL KABUREA BERBASIS KEARIFAN LOKAL DI DESA TENDAKINDE, FLORES
Authors: Sena Hermina , Sudiana Mahendra Made , Suarna I Wayan
Published: May 2023

Tendakinde Village is a village located in Nagekeo Regency, and has coastal resources, namely traditional salt production. Knowledge in processing patterns is quite extensive, as to be able to make salt production a regional icon, a strategy is needed that can process natural resources properly. The purpose of this study is to examine traditional Kaburea salt processing techniques based on local wisdom, to determine the impact of climate change on salt production, to understand and develop strategies for the existence of traditional Kaburea salt processing. Data collected through literature, observation, focus group discussion with 15 participants, interviews with 8 informants, and questionnaires. The sample used in the questionnaire is 30 samples. The data obtained is then processed using the IFE matrix, EFE matrix, and SWOT analysis. Traditional salt processing is shown in the process of preparation to production of salt through rules which then become a habit (local wisdom). The basic materials for the facilities used are wood and bamboo, then the raw materials for salt production are sea water which is collected in wells. However, climate change is a bad influence on the quality of salt, therefore it is necessary to work together from the government and Kaburea salt farmers in permanently repairing the embankment. The results of the analysis of the IFE matrix and the EFE matrix show that Kaburea's traditional salt processing is in a grow and build position, meaning that the development of the salt business must be maintained amidst its growth rate. Based on the results of the SWOT analysis, 12 alternative strategies were obtained that the Kaburea salt farmers were expected to be able to implement strategies according to their abilities and circumstances.

Keywords: Ecology; Local Wisdom; Traditional Salt; Strategy
PEMELIHARAAN MENGGUNAKAN PLATFORM WICOPE PADA UNIT VOLVO FMX 440 DI PT. BUKIT MAKMUR MANDIRI UTAMA
Authors: Matarru Andre Amba , Ridoh Ahmad
Published: May 2023

One of the supporting mining activities at PT. Bukit Makmur Mandiri Utama is the maintenance of the truck vehicle unit, where the truck functions as a mode of transportation to transport various kinds of materials and other materials including fuel. The unit operates continuously causing a decrease in the level of reliability and causes frequent breakdowns and high downtime in mining units, including the Volvo FMX 440 truck unit. To minimize breakdown and downtime, a good maintenance system is needed to prevent engine damage. Scheduled maintenance systems or predictive maintenance using the Wicope Platform can minimize breakdown conditions. In order to obtain a maintenance mechanism that can increase the service life of a unit and component, it can also have an effect on saving the company's expenses in carrying out the maintenance process.
Exploring Learners' Emotions and Teachers' Strategies in Dealing with Them in EFL Contexts
Authors: Pertiwi Canda Ayu Arum , Dzulfikri Dzulfikri
Published: May 2023

The study on emotions is particularly important as it is expected to influence people's overall health (Rezapour:2022), then it develops into guilt, embarrassment, shock, pride, and empathy. Based on their experience, this emotion will develop continuously; each of them has different ways of handling it. Understanding students’ emotion is important in the process of studying and receiving any knowledge. This research focuses on one of the private schools located in Malang city. The researchers carried out an interview for more or less sixteen until thirty minutes each, which means around 59 minutes in total. By using the Indonesian language, the researchers conducted the interview with all of the participants face-to-face. Some causes of students’ negative emotions appear such as 1) Do not like the teacher and the subject, 2) Unstable emotions, 3) Class conditions, and 4) Classmates’ Effect. Teachers need to fix students’ negative emotions so that the teaching and learning process will run smoothly.
Students’ Perceptions Toward the Process of Online English Language Teaching and Learning
Authors: Yufhita Syarifah Ismia , Sutapa Yuliana Yohanes Gatot , Apriliaswati Wardah Rahayu , Rahmani Eka Fajar
Published: May 2023

The adoption of online learning is one indication of increased technological empowerment in education. Teachers apply online learning to achieve learning goals even at a distance. However, the implementation of online learning falls short of educators' expectations. This study aimed to discover the perceptions of eleventh-grade students at SMA Taman Mulia and the challenges they confront during online English language teaching and learning. This study used an online survey to collect the data. From the data, 61% of students negatively perceived online English learning whereas 57% of students agreed that materials become harder to understand during online English language teaching and learning. Meanwhile, students gave positive perceptions regarding assignments and the teacher's explanations. The study also found that most students faced challenges such as incomprehension, lack of vocabulary and fluency, lack of communication, unmotivated, limited time, and low signal and internet quota. Therefore, it is clear that online English language teaching and learning require more focus in terms of both materials’ delivery and students’ challenges, particularly those related to understanding.
The Impact of Kadatua Dialect on Students' English Pronunciation
Authors: Suryadi Ray , Al Hakim Rohima Nur Aziza , Hamid Basri La Ode Muhammad Idrus , Reskiawan Bimas
Published: May 2023

This paper presents descriptive quantitative research investigating how the Kadatua dialect can influence the English pronunciation of second-grade students of SMPN 1 Maginti. The subjects of this study were 8 second-grade students at SMPN 1 Maginti with Kadatua ethnic background. The research instrument used was an interview and a test. The test was done by asking students to read a list of several English words to record and analyse their pronunciation. The results show that Kadatua dialect influenced students’ pronunciation of the following sounds: /?/, /æ/, /??/, /??/, /a?/, /??/, /e?/, /??/, /ð/, /?/, and /?/. Although some sounds cannot be pronounced correctly, it does not mean they are affected because these sounds do not exist in the Kadatua dialect alone. This would mean that the Kadatua dialect does not affect the overall students' English pronunciation. Some of the sounds that are not influenced by the Kadatua dialect are as follow: /?/, /?/, /i?/, /u?/, /??/, /??/ /e/, /e?/, /a?/, /??/, /p/, /b/, /t/, /d/, /k/, /g/, /t?/,/d?/, /f/, /s/, /z/, /?/, /h/, /m/, /n/, /?/, /l/, /r/, /j/, and /w/. Although these sounds can be pronounced properly and correctly, it does not mean that all these sounds are only found in the Kadatua dialect. This ease of pronunciation is identified because of the dialect features similarity of Kadatua with English language.
The utilizing of machine learning algorithms to improve triage in emergency departments: a retrospective observational study
Authors: Aljubran Maitham , Aljubran Hussain , Aljubran Mohammad , Alkhalifah Mohammed , Alkhalifah Moayd , Alabdullah Tawfik
Published: May 2023

Background: Machine learning in the healthcare sector represents a group of technologies in all aspects of medicine, and it appears promising, especially in emergency medicine. Hence, this study aims to utilize emergency department (ED) records to train machine learning algorithms and assess medical performance and outcomes.
Methods: This is a retrospective observational cohort study utilizing emergency patient records acquired from the Emergency Department of King Faisal Specialist Hospital & Research Centre in Riyadh City. Also, different machine learning models were evaluated, including regression, instance-based, regularization, tree-based, Bayesian, dimensionality reduction, and ensemble algorithms.
Results: A total of 149,513 emergency patient records were acquired. Due to many outliers and mislabeled data, clinical knowledge and a confident learning algorithm were used to preprocess the dataset. This resulted in only 84,970 patient records being kept. We observed that ensemble algorithms outperformed the others in all evaluation metrics, achieving an F-1 score and quadratic weighted kappa of 93.1% and 0.8623, respectively, in the case of CatBoost. In addition, the model never classified an emergent patient as nonurgent, nor did it classify a nonurgent ED patient as emergent. Optimizing the healthcare center workforce while ensuring that all critical patients are treated immediately is vital.
Conclusion: Machine learning-based triage models are feasible, highly accurate, and provide an in-depth assessment of the patient's risk profile, which may not be found in routinely used emergency triage systems. A prospective study to evaluate the potential efficacy of machine learning-based triage models in predicting emergency visit outcomes needs to be conducted.
Tureckie głębokie państwo. Od powstania do upadku
Authors:   Uniwersytet Pedagogiczny w Krakowie, Wójtowicz Tomasz
Published: May 2023

This article describes the Turkish Deep State – the reasons for its creation, evolution, characteristics, and then collapse. During the actual research, studies and articles published in the following pages were used: “The Middle East Institute Policy Brief ”, Ośrodek Studiów Wschodnich, “Insight Turkey”, Brookings, Politico, and the Institute for the Study of War. A particularly useful source was a study by Mehtap Söyler The Turkish Deep State and a publication edited by Hakan Yaruz and Bayram Balci Turkey’s July 15th Coup. What Happened and Why. According to the author, the deep state in Turkey had a key influence on its domestic and foreign policy from the time the republic was founded until 2016. The heart of the deep state were the armed forces, more specifically, the general staff and specialized military units, such as the gendarmerie intelligence. In addition, this influence extended to other power ministries, such as the police and the judiciary, but also to diplomacy, the civil service, intelligence services and universities. Taking into account the evolution of the “parallel power”, the author proposed to divide the history of the deep state in Turkey into three periods. The first, in which it was built and consolidated, took place in 1889–2002. The second ‒ the deep state dismantling period ‒ took place in 2002–2010. The third covered the years 2010–2016. At that time, the deep state was associated with the Islamists growing in power, namely with the Cemat movement, which successfully infiltrated the structures of the police and the armed forces. This period ended with the failed coup d’état of July 15, 2016, which was tantamount to the final collapse of the deep state.
Wpływ, rola i znaczenie rakietowych pocisków balistycznych w polityce bezpieczeństwa Chińskiej Republiki Ludowej
Authors:   Uniwersytet Pedagogiczny w Krakowie, Indyk Jarosław
Published: May 2023

Currently, the People’s Republic of China has the most advanced program of building and deploying modern missile systems. In addition to the continuous improvement of ICBM missiles, a number of other technologically advanced solutions, such as ASBM missiles, re-entry vehicle and HGV, are also being developed, and the Chinese Navy is carrying out extensive efforts to introduce into service a fleet of nuclear submarines equipped with SLBM missiles. This leap in development in the field of ballistic missiles, as well as in general cosmonautics, is associated with two factors. The first one is the relatively fast growth of China’s economic which is connected with the second cause - far-reaching and planned security policy of this country. Therefore, in order to properly understand and interpret Beijing’s actions in the international arena, as well as to indicate the role of ballistic missiles in security policy, it is necessary to know the goals that China sets itself in international politics.
Analiza stanu bezpieczeństwa energetycznego Polski i Węgier w następstwie konfliktu rosyjsko-ukraińskiego
Authors:   Uniwersytet Pedagogiczny w Krakowie, Jach-Chrząszcz Artur
Published: May 2023

Within the scope of the article, a comprehensive analysis of selected political processes in the field of energy security undertaken by decision-making bodies in Poland and Hungary as a result of the Russian-Ukrainian conflict is carried out. The intensification of undertakings pertaining to the diversification of energy supplies and sources has become a necessity for the majority of European countries as a result of this year’s decision issued by Kremlin authorities to remarkably lower the supply of energy resources transferred from Russia to Europe. Within the framework of this paper, its author is going to attempt to prove the significance of stability of access to energy resources by both private individuals and entrepreneurs and its impact on the internal security. Furthermore, the author is going to analyze whether and what types of undertakings have been taken by governments with their seats in Warsaw and Budapest in recent years to diversify supplies and energy sources.
Okno Overtona a wojna w Ukrainie
Authors:   Uniwersytet Pedagogiczny w Krakowie, Wasiuta Olga
Published: May 2023

The article examines Overton's Window, a once niche concept in academic political science that has become a key concept used to explain the emergence of Donald Trump and Brexit supporters, and is important for understanding how political discourse is changing. While Overton's concept is intended to describe political possibilities, the concept is more broadly applicable to any situation in which a group of people collectively make decisions. Overton's window is always moving, but usually, the changes are so slow that we don't even notice it moving.
Budowa odporności państwa na zagrożenia jako nowy cel strategiczny w strategii bezpieczeństwa narodowego Rzeczypospolitej Polskiej
Authors:   Uniwersytet Pedagogiczny w Krakowie, Wywiał Przemysław
Published: May 2023

The article presents the problem of building the state’s resistance to threats in the current National Security Strategy of the Republic of Poland. The main assumptions of the document are presented and the definition of resilience in NATO’s security policy is presented. Strategic postulates for building resilience in the context of creating universal defence were presented.
Światło, ciemność, czy jeszcze coś… Oświecenie, nowożytność a świat wartości
Authors:   Wyższa Szkoła Ekonomiczno-Humanistyczna w Bielsku-Białej, Kaute Wojciech
Published: May 2023

The concept of the Enlightenment is one of the basic categories of modern culture and civilization. It means „light” as opposed to „dark”. The „spirit” of the Enlightenment is an integral part of liberalism and democracy, their of values. One the most famous text on this subject is the article written by I. Kant in 1783 „What is Entlightenment?”.According to Kant, the message of this thought formation is reduced to the slogan: Sapere aude! „Have courage!”. However, this is an equivocal slogan. He need to be included in a wider cultural context. The basic od modernity is Descartes´ cogito. It is the idea of an autonomous and sovereign individual. It undertakes economic activity. This is the market. Here, values are worked out in democratic practice. At the same time, a view has developed in modern culture that there is no value in the world of the market. This is the thought of J. J. Rousseau. And this thought is continued by I. Kant. In his view, there is a need to create values whitch grow beyond the world of exchange. This is the measure of „courage”. This concept will be radically developed by J. G. Fiche, G.W. F. Hegel and – finally – K. Marks. And this is how the doctrine of totalitarianism (fascizm, communizm) will be created. The concept of the Enlightenment is not unequivocal. This is the drama of modern times.
Polityka Wielkiej Brytanii wobec wojny w Ukrainie (2014–2022)
Authors:   Uniwersytet Pedagogiczny w Krakowie, Kochnowska Anna
Published: May 2023

This article is a look at the war in Ukraine from the perspective of the Budapest Memorandum, but also the policy of resetting relations with Russia and the concept of Europe „from the Atlantic to Vladivostok.” The UK is playing a special role in supporting the Ukrainians in this war, as Boris Johnson, the former UK Prime Minister, has expressed and continues to express in his actions. The UK’s policy is and will be an affirmation that Ukraine is not a seasonal state, and thus will co-determine the security architecture of Europe and the world.
INTERELASI ORANG TUA DENGAN ANAK LAKI-LAKI PALING TUA DAN BUNGSU DIKALANGAN MASYARAKAT KEC HURISTAK KAB PADANG LAWAS
Authors: Harahap Risalan Basri
Published: May 2023

Penelitian ini merupakan upaya untuk mengetahui Tanggung jawab orang tua terhadap anak laki-laki paling tua dan bungsu di kalangan masyarakat Kec Huristak Kab Padang Lawas. Adapun pertanyaan yang ingin dijawab penulis adalah 1.Bagaimana posisi anak laki-laki paling tua dan bugsu di kalangan masyarakat Kec Huristak Kab Padang Lawas. 2. Bagaimana Tanggung jawab orang tua terhadap anak laki-laki paling tua dan bungsu dikalangan masyarakat di kalangan masyarakat Kec Huristak Kab Paang Lawas.Berdasarkan temuan lapangan dapat diketahui bahwa posisi anak laki-laki paling tua dan bungsu berbeda dalam hal tanggung jawab, maka perhatian yang diberikan oleh orang tuapun dapat berbeda juga, tanggung jawab orang tua terhadap anak lai-laki paling tua dan bungsu pada prinsipnya sama, baik dalam bidang pendidikan, dan ekonomi, dan lain sebagainya, namun secara sosial masyarakat lebih mengutamakan kepada anak yang laki-laki yang paling tua, hal itu karena anak laki-laki yang paling tua mempunyai tanggung jawab yang besar pula terhaap adek-adeknya dan juga keluarganya kelak dibandingkan dengan anak laki-laki yang paling bungsu. Walaupun terkadang perhatian yang besar diberikan oleh orang tua terhadap anak laki-laki yang paling tua tidak sebanding dengan tanggung jawab yang diberikannya kepada adek-adeknya dan keluarganya secara umum.
MEMUKUL ISTERI YANG NUSYUZ; ANTARA UPAYA PENDIDIKAN DALAM ISLAM DAN KEKERASAN DALAM RUMAH TANGGA
Authors: Rukmana Prasetyo Hasiah &
Published: May 2023

This article describes the husband's actions in educating his wife, especially against nusyuz wives, because in this case it often happens that a husband beats his nusyuz wife. This action reaps the pros and cons in the community for that the author feels challenged to examine this action from the perspective of Islam and Domestic Violence (KDRT). To find this answer, the author uses the library method, which is to browse the literature related to the topic and then explain the most dominant side.The findings in the search show that the act of hitting a wife who is nusyuz has two different sides, if the hit is physical with a hard hit, it will occupy an act that includes Domestic Violence (KDRT). However, if the light stroke that does not leave a trace is only a lesson, even so that this kind of hitting is the last alternative to educate the wife.
TELAAH HUKUM EKONOMI SYARIAH DALAM PEMIKIRAN IBNU TAIMIYAH
Authors: Faizin Mu'adil
Published: May 2023

The role of the state in the economic growth of society can never be ignored. There is a strategic role of the state to regulate wealth nationally, to distribute wealth to all those in need. Something most people don't realize. Sheikh al-Islam Ibn Taimiyah in addition to producing works in the field of economics. His thoughts came to examine the fundamental role of the state in the economy. Ibn Taimiyah seemed to formulate the relationship between the state and the practice of sharia economics, the position of the state became closer in supervising the practice of muamalah. Based on the description above, this paper discusses Ibn Taimiyah's economic thought, in terms of its rationalization, to the strategic steps found.
OTORITAS ‘URF DALAM PENALARAN HUKUM ISLAM
Authors: Kholida Dr. Kholida
Published: May 2023

'Urf is one form of disputed reasoning. However, 'urf is always considered in all forms of reasoning, both qiyasi reasoning (istihsan bil 'urf) especially istislahi reasoning, because this reasoning is not based on specific texts (direct) but general arguments taking into account the benefits that will be obtained. The expressions of ushul experts show that 'urf reasoning has a big role in the formulation of law. Even for the current context, the application of 'urf as legal reasoning has a great opportunity for legal development. Because through 'urf reasoning it will be very easy for the Muslim community to practice the teachings of Islam itself. And making 'urf as reasoning in the formation of law is part of maintaining social stability that can lead to benefit as the ultimate goal of legal provisions.
PENGAJUAN GUGATAN PEMBATALAN PERKAWINAN OLEH PEGAWAI PENCATAT NIKAH DITINJAU DARI PERSPEKTIF HUKUM POSITIF DAN MAQASHID SYARI’AH
Authors: Fatimah Zainal Arifin Purba &
Published: May 2023

True marriage is to connect the bond between a man and a woman in forming a happy and eternal household based on the One Godhead. However, the marriage institution that has been built can still be canceled due to the discovery of legal defects in the future. The annulment of this marriage is annulled by positive law in Indonesia as well as in fiqh, in this case the provisions of Islamic law that live and develop in Indonesia.
Movilización y pandemia en Cali: Control estatal y retóricas mediáticas del miedo
Authors: Sánchez Salcedo José Fernando
Published: May 2023

Los acontecimientos que se llevaron a cabo la noche del 21 de noviembre de 2019 en Cali, así como las medidas tomadas por la administración municipal para hacer frente a la pandemia en el 2020, constituyen una interesante oportunidad para entender el modo como operan las instituciones, las organizaciones sociales y los individuos para enfrentar eventos emergentes e inesperados. En ambos eventos converge una retórica del miedo que despliegan varios actores e instituciones, principalmente el Estado y los medios de comunicación con el propósito de definir, explicar e intervenir ambos acontecimientos. En el caso específico del Estado, el miedo se convierte en un instrumento de control y regulación que se manifiesta en el uso de mecanismos de contención, ya sea de la movilización social o de la pandemia. Para ello, introduce una serie de herramientas legales como el toque de queda y el despliegue de la fuerza pública. Suma a estas estrategias, dispositivos simbólicos, para eso se vale del uso de tecnologías (aplicaciones), datos estadísticos, saberes expertos y propaganda, que difunde a partir de sus propios medios y redes sociales o mediante los medios de comunicación. Los medios de comunicación y las redes sociales, por su parte, parecen haber fungido como catalizadores de ambos eventos, pues recogieron las percepciones de diferentes actores, aunque privilegiando el punto de vista del gobierno, políticos y en el caso de la pandemia, personal de la salud. Sin embargo, tuvieron también una importante función de difusión del miedo, pues saturaron pantallas y redes con discursos muchas veces polarizados, cuya función era, al parecer, impartir temor, con un mismo objetivo en los dos casos: que las personas no se movilizaran, no se movieran de sus casas, por los peligros que esto suponía para la vida de las personas y por el mantenimiento de las instituciones democráticas. Paradójicamente, a pesar de las estrategias implementadas por el Estado para controlar y regular y de los medios, para divulgar los miedos y las percepciones de actores institucionales y líderes de opinión, en ambos casos fue evidente la debilidad del Estado y de las instituciones mediáticas para enfrentar dichas situaciones y darles una salida adecuada a ambos problemas. Quizás esto sea una muestra más de la pérdida de confianza de los ciudadanos frente a las instituciones y por el ende, el agotamiento de una forma de gobernabilidad sorda y autorreferida que poco confía en los ciudadanos y en su capacidad para enfrentar problemas.
Authors: Dewanta Albertus Widya , Kusuma Paku , Permata Siwi Hyacinta Laras
Published: May 2023

Gender adalah sebuah ciri yang digunakan untuk membedakan antara laki-laki dan perempuan, tidak hanya dalam bentuk fisik, namun juga dalam segi budaya, perilaku, emosi, sosial-budaya, dan lainnya. Ketika membahas teori gender, maka tidak akan terlepas dari ilmu sosiologi dan psikologi. Praktik teori gender tidak hanya digunakan dalam kehidupan seharihari saja, namun juga dalam pembuatan film. Film menggunakan acuan teori gender sesuai dengan cerita yang akan diangkat. Namun, dalam sebuah flm yang menggunakan teori gender tidak harus terdapat laki laki dan perempuan dalam setiap masalah yang akan dibuat di dalam film tersebut. Hubungan anak dan ayah dapat juga digali menggunakan teori gender. Dalam jurnal ini akan menjelaskan tentang tokoh ayah Dika dalam film Manusia Setengah Salmon dari sudut pandang teori gender terutama maskulinitas karena dalam film tersebut terdapat beberapa perubahan sifat maskulinitas terhadap tokoh ayah Dika. Kata kunci: Maskulinitas, Tokoh Ayah Dika, Film Manusia Setengah Salmon
Revealing the News Frame of Democrat Party's Extraordinary Congress in Sibolangit: Power Intervention or Internal Conflict?
Authors: Krisdinanto Nanang , Hartiana Theresia Intan Putri
Published: May 2023

This study aims to reveal the frame for reporting on the political events of the Sibolangit Party KLB that occurred in March 2021, starting with the assumption that news is not only an incident report but also a reality construction practice carried out by journalists with various contexts or interests that surround it. In the political context, the practice of mass media reporting in Indonesia is often connected with the struggle for political power. This issue is what we want to unravel from the news about the Democrat Party KLB published by the four online media with the highest traffic in Indonesia based on alexa.com, namely okezone.com, tribunnews.com, detik.com and kompas.com. This research wants to see what kind of news frame is developed by each media, and how it is connected with the political context that surrounds it. This study uses a qualitative-descriptive approach, and the method of framing analysis developed by Gamson & Modigliani. The results of the study indicate that there are differences in the frames that are packaged in each media. Detik.com and okezone.com seem to develop a frame that the political events of the Democratic Party KLB are the product of engineering and power intervention outside the party (Presidential Palace). On the other hand, kompas.com and tribunnews.com tend to develop a frame that the KLB of the Democratic Party is the product of an internal political struggle without government intervention.