bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Performance assessment of hydropower generator unit with the nonlinear transmissibility function method
Authors: Wu Ruixuan , Mao Hanling , Yang Yongjun , Zhang Qian , Tong Kaixuan , Li Xinxin , Lin Yongchuan
Published: October 2023

The hydropower generator unit (HGU) is a complex nonlinear dynamic system, and how to utilize the monitoring data to achieve the performance assessment of the HGU is a challenge at present. In this paper, based on the linear transmissibility function and the nonlinear output frequency response function, the nonlinear transmissibility function (NTF) method is proposed to characterize the variation rule of the HGU performance, and the effectiveness of the proposed method is confirmed by the monitoring data from a hydropower station located in Guangxi, China. Firstly, the feature parameters related to the operation state of the unit are extracted from the monitoring data of the HGU. Secondly, the HGU system is divided into three subsystems according to the installation position of the sensors collecting these feature parameters, and the NTFs of them are estimated from multiple time scales. Finally, the performance of the HGU is comprehensively assessed utilizing the Fe indicator and the correlation transmissibility damage indicator. The analysis results demonstrate that the NTF method can reveal the performance variation trend and detect the early fault of the HGU, which is of great significance to the stable operation of the HGU.
Quaternary, layered, 2D chalcogenide, Mo1−x
W
x
SSe: thickness dependent transport properties
Authors: Kumar Rajat , Jenjeti Ramesh Naidu , Vankayala Kiran , Sampath S
Published: October 2023

Highly oriented, single crystalline, quaternary alloy chalcogenide crystal, Mo
x
W1−x
S2y
Se2(1−y), is synthesized using a high temperature chemical vapor transport technique and its transport properties studied over a wide temperature range. Field effect transistors (FET) with bottom gated configuration are fabricated using Mo0.5W0.5SSe flakes of different thicknesses, from a single layer to bulk. The FET characteristics are thickness tunable, with thin flakes (1–4 layers) exhibiting n-type transport behaviour while ambipolar transfer characteristics are observed for thicker flakes (>90 layers). Ambipolar behavior with the dominance of n-type over p-type transport is noted for devices fabricated with layers between 9 and 90. The devices with flake thickness ∼9 layers exhibit a maximum electron mobility 63 ± 4 cm2 V−1s−1 and an I
ON/I
OFF ratio >108. A maximum hole mobility 10.3 ± 0.4 cm2 V−1s−1 is observed for the devices with flake thickness ∼94 layers with I
ON/I
OFF ratio >102–103 observed for the hole conduction. A maximum I
ON/I
OFF for hole conduction, 104 is obtained for the devices fabricated with flakes of thickness ∼7–19 layers. The electron Schottky barrier height values are determined to be ∼23.3 meV and ∼74 meV for 2 layer and 94 layers flakes respectively, as measured using low temperature measurements. This indicates that an increase in hole current with thickness is likely to be due to lowering of the band gap as a function of thickness. Furthermore, the contact resistance (R
ct) is evaluated using transmission line model (TLM) and is found to be 14 kohm.μm. These results suggest that quaternary alloys of Mo0.5W0.5SSe are potential candidates for various electronic/optoelectronic devices where properties and performance can be tuned within a single composition.
Electrodeposited polyaniline based carbon nanotubes fiber as efficient counter electrode in wire-shaped dye sensitized solar cells
Authors: Hendi Awatif A , Awad Manal A , Ortashi Khalid M
Published: October 2023

Electrodeposited polyaniline over the carbon nanotubes fiber (CNTF) has been investigated as potential candidate to substitutes the Pt based auxiliary electrodes in unidimensional fibrous solar cells. CNTF, with excellent electrical and mechanical properties, modified with conducting polymer (polyaniline) via facile electrodeposition process which employed as cathodic materials showed efficient electrochemical reduction of triiodide ions in the fiber shaped dye-sensitized solar cells. Scanning electron microscopic analysis showed the efficacious integration of conducting polymer over the CNTF surface. The admirable electrocatalytic behavior of the fabricated electrode has investigated by electrochemical impedance spectroscopy and cyclic voltammetry. Current density and voltage (J–V) curves are used to quantify the photovoltaic performance of devices with different counter electrodes with fixed photoanode. With lower peak to peak separation, improved current density and better fill factor, exhibited the superior efficiency of modified electrode (PANI@CNTF). As compared to pristine fiber, polyaniline modification showed the outstanding performance with improved photovoltaics and electrochemical parameters measured by the J–V and CV curves, respectively.
Perturbation theory for nonlinear Schrödinger equations
Authors: Sacchetti Andrea
Published: October 2023

Treating the nonlinear term of the Gross–Pitaevskii nonlinear Schrödinger equation as a perturbation of an isolated discrete eigenvalue of the linear problem one obtains a Rayleigh–Schrödinger power series. This power series is proved to be convergent when the parameter representing the intensity of the nonlinear term is less in absolute value than a threshold value, and it gives a stationary solution to the nonlinear Schrödinger equation.
Homogenization of the Navier–Stokes equations in perforated domains in the inviscid limit
Authors: Höfer Richard M
Published: October 2023

We study the solution u

ɛ
to the Navier–Stokes equations in

R

3

perforated by small particles centered at

(
ε

Z

)
3

with no-slip boundary conditions at the particles. We study the behavior of u

ɛ
for small ɛ, depending on the diameter ɛ

α
, α > 1, of the particles and the viscosity ɛ

γ
, γ > 0, of the fluid. We prove quantitative convergence results for u

ɛ
in all regimes when the local Reynolds number at the particles is negligible. Then, the particles approximately exert a linear friction force on the fluid. The obtained effective macroscopic equations depend on the order of magnitude of the collective friction. We obtain (a) the Euler–Brinkman equations in the critical regime, (b) the Euler equations in the subcritical regime and (c) Darcy’s law in the supercritical regime.
Coarse-to-fine prior-guided attention network for multi-structure segmentation on dental panoramic radiographs
Authors: Tian Yuan , Zhang Zhejia , Zhao Bailiang , Liu Lichao , Liu Xiaolin , Feng Yang , Tian Jie , Kou Dazhi
Published: October 2023

Objective. Accurate segmentation of various anatomical structures from dental panoramic radiographs is essential for the diagnosis and treatment planning of various diseases in digital dentistry. In this paper, we propose a novel deep learning-based method for accurate and fully automatic segmentation of the maxillary sinus, mandibular condyle, mandibular nerve, alveolar bone and teeth on panoramic radiographs. Approach. A two-stage coarse-to-fine prior-guided segmentation framework is proposed to segment multiple structures on dental panoramic radiographs. In the coarse stage, a multi-label segmentation network is used to generate the coarse segmentation mask, and in the fine-tuning stage, a prior-guided attention network with an encoder-decoder architecture is proposed to precisely predict the mask of each anatomical structure. First, a prior-guided edge fusion module is incorporated into the network at the input of each convolution level of the encode path to generate edge-enhanced image feature maps. Second, a prior-guided spatial attention module is proposed to guide the network to extract relevant spatial features from foreground regions based on the combination of the prior information and the spatial attention mechanism. Finally, a prior-guided hybrid attention module is integrated at the bottleneck of the network to explore global context from both spatial and category perspectives. Main results. We evaluated the segmentation performance of our method on a testing dataset that contains 150 panoramic radiographs collected from real-world clinical scenarios. The segmentation results indicate that our proposed method achieves more accurate segmentation performance compared with state-of-the-art methods. The average Jaccard scores are 87.91%, 85.25%, 63.94%, 93.46% and 88.96% for the maxillary sinus, mandibular condyle, mandibular nerve, alveolar bone and teeth, respectively. Significance. The proposed method was able to accurately segment multiple structures on panoramic radiographs. This method has the potential to be part of the process of automatic pathology diagnosis from dental panoramic radiographs.
Delivery time reduction for mixed photon-electron radiotherapy by using photon MLC collimated electron arcs
Authors: Guyer Gian , Mueller Silvan , Mackeprang Paul-Henry , Frei Daniel , Volken Werner , Aebersold Daniel M , Loessl Kristina , Manser Peter , Fix Michael K
Published: October 2023

Objective. Electron arcs in mixed-beam radiotherapy (Arc-MBRT) consisting of intensity-modulated electron arcs with dynamic gantry rotation potentially reduce the delivery time compared to mixed-beam radiotherapy containing electron beams with static gantry angle (Static-MBRT). This study aims to develop and investigate a treatment planning process (TPP) for photon multileaf collimator (pMLC) based Arc-MBRT. Approach. An existing TPP for Static-MBRT plans is extended to integrate electron arcs with a dynamic gantry rotation and intensity modulation using a sliding window technique. The TPP consists of a manual setup of electron arcs, and either static photon beams or photon arcs, shortening of the source-to-surface distance for the electron arcs, initial intensity modulation optimization, selection of a user-defined number of electron beam energies based on dose contribution to the target volume and finally, simultaneous photon and electron intensity modulation optimization followed by full Monte Carlo dose calculation. Arc-MBRT plans, Static-MBRT plans, and photon-only plans were created and compared for four breast cases. Dosimetric validation of two Arc-MBRT plans was performed using film measurements. Main results. The generated Arc-MBRT plans are dosimetrically similar to the Static-MBRT plans while outperforming the photon-only plans. The mean heart dose is reduced by 32% on average in the MBRT plans compared to the photon-only plans. The estimated delivery times of the Arc-MBRT plans are similar to the photon-only plans but less than half the time of the Static-MBRT plans. Measured and calculated dose distributions agree with a gamma passing rate of over 98% (3% global, 2 mm) for both delivered Arc-MBRT plans. Significance. A TPP for Arc-MBRT is successfully developed and Arc-MBRT plans showed the potential to improve the dosimetric plan quality similar as Static-MBRT while maintaining short delivery times of photon-only treatments. This further facilitates integration of pMLC-based MBRT into clinical practice.
Investigation of structural, electro-magnetic and optical properties of cubic SmXO3 (X=Fe, Mn, Cr) perovskites
Authors: Butt Mehwish Khalid , Yaseen Muhammad , Aldaghfag Shatha A , Murtaza Adil , Saleem Sanam , Nasarullah
Published: October 2023

Herein, density functional theory is employed for the computation of structural, electro-magnetic and optical properties of the cubic SmXO3 (X=Fe, Mn, Cr) compounds. Enthalpy of formation (H
f
) and tolerance factor (τ) were calculated to check the stability of SmXO3 in the cubic structure. The spin polarized electronic band structure (BS) and density of states (DOS) demonstrate the metallic character of SmFeO3 and half metallic ferromagnetic nature of SmMnO3/SmCrO3 compounds, where Sm-5f, Fe/Mn-3d and O-2p play a dominant role. Both materials are found to have magnetic nature and suggested for possible data storage applications. The calculated total magnetic moments for SmFeO3, SmMnO3 and SmCrO3 are 8.85765, 8.99990 and 8.00002 μ
B, respectively. Optical properties are computed by computing the optical parameters like dielectric function ε(ω), optical conductivity σ(ω), reflectivity R(ω), refractive index n(ω), extinction coefficient k(ω) and absorption coefficient α(ω). The α (ω) spectrum reveals prominent peaks situated within distinct energy intervals: 7.9 to 9.02 eV for SmCrO3, 7.4 to 8.7 eV for SmFeO3, and 7.4 to 8.4 eV for SmMnO3 compounds. This noteworthy observation points to the promising utility of these compounds in of ultraviolet range of optical devices and spintronic deices.
Ditch incorporated organic thin film transistor based organic all-p inverter: a novel approach
Authors: Gupta Sakshi , Mittal Poornima , Juneja Pradeep
Published: October 2023

This paper demonstrates the static and dynamic characteristics of all-p organic inverter employing a bottom gate bottom contact organic thin film transistor with a ditch incorporated into the OSC and additional p+ doping done to its S/D nearing area. Various configurations of OTFT have been experimented with and it is found that as compared to an OTFT without extra p+ doping, the devices having additional doping show better responses. Where, for SG OTFT, ID is derived to be 18 μs, yet the one with extra doping illustrates a swooping 16.67% increased output current of 21 μs. To enhance the performance of the device further, a ditch of 30 nm, embedded 10 nm into the OSC is incorporated, further augmenting the performance of the device by 55.5% as compared to the conventional BGBC. Besides, the proposed inverter presents a considerably elevated performance in terms of robustness and low and high noise margins. This paper further compares the inverter using Diode Load Logic and Zero Vgs Load Logic topologies, wherein it was found that DLL shows an exceptional 211% less propagation delay τ
p of 27 μs, as compared to 84 μs delay experienced by ZVLL. But comparing the two topologies in terms of the static response, ZVLL are way better and preferred over the counterparts since ZVLL configuration displays 20.5% augmented Noise Margin, improved gain, and overall robustness. Owing to the performance parameters achieved, such organic inverters may be incorporated into integrated circuits rendering trustworthiness to digital operations in electronic circuits and numerous cascading applications. Since the organic inverters made using the proposed OTFT exhibit a decent gain hence have an apparent prospective of driving myriad-stage logic like ring oscillators and memory blocks. Moreover, these may be employed in the areas of biosensors and wearable electronics as well wherever.
Reduced band gap in 2D-C3N4 nanosheets decorated with silver and gold adatoms
Authors: Moaddeli Mohammad , Badehian Hojat Allah
Published: October 2023

Two-dimensional materials have attracted significant attention due to their unique electronic properties. In this study, we investigate the effect of silver and gold adatoms on the band gap of graphitic carbon nitride (g-C3N4) nanosheets (2D-C3N4) using density functional theory. We examine several decorations with one-sided and two-sided combinations and find that the adsorption of gold and silver adatoms reduces the band gap of 2D-C3N4, which is consistent with experimental findings. Furthermore, we observe that all one-sided configurations are buckled. Our study provides insights into the electronic properties of 2D-C3N4 nanosheets and their potential applications in optoelectronics.
Electron acceleration by low order axisymmetric modes of Hermite-Cosh-Gaussian laser pulses in vacuum
Authors: Ghotra Harjit Singh
Published: October 2023

Hermite-Cosh-Gaussian (H-ch-G) laser pulse is proposed for effective electron acceleration and energy gain by exploring its low order axisymmetric modes in vacuum. The intensity distribution of H-ch-G laser is influenced by the TEM(m, n) modes ordered Hermite polynomial, decentered parameter (b) controlled Cosh function and Gaussian beam function. The increase in decentered parameter b associated with Cosh function, changes its properties from fundamental Gaussian(b = 0) to more complex Gaussian types with ring-shaped (b ∼ 2) forms. As a result, it operates well enough to quickly accelerate electrons to exceedingly high energies in a short period of time. The laser pulse order TEM00, TEM01 or TEM10 are the low order axisymmetric modes of H-ch-G laser beam. The analytic results show that altering the mode indices (m, n) and decentered parameter (b) combination leads to a remarkable rise in electron energy with laser intensity (∼

10

21

W

cm

−
2

) to the order of GeV in vacuum.
Anomaly induced cooling of neutron stars: a Standard Model contribution
Authors: Chakraborty Sabyasachi , Gupta Aritra , Vanvlasselaer Miguel
Published: October 2023

Young neutron stars cool via the emission of neutrinos from their core. A precise understanding of all the different processes producing neutrinos in the hot and degenerate matter is essential for assessing the cooling rate of such stars. The main Standard Model processes contributing to this effect are ν bremsstrahlung, mURCA among others. In this paper, we investigate another Standard Model process initiated by the Wess-Zumino-Witten term, leading to the emission of neutrino pairs via Nγ → Nνν̅. We find that for proto-neutron stars, such processes with degenerate neutrons can be comparable and even dominate over the typical and well-known cooling mechanisms.
Induced gravitational waves from ultra slow-roll inflation and pulsar timing arrays observations
Authors: Firouzjahi Hassan , Talebian Alireza
Published: October 2023

The stochastic gravitational wave background (SGWB) detected recently by the pulsar timing arrays (PTAs) observations may have cosmological origins. In this work we consider a model of single field inflation containing an intermediate phase of ultra slow-roll. Fixing the amplitude of the peak of curvature perturbations by the PBHs bounds we calculate the gravitational waves (GWs) induced from the curvature perturbations enhanced during USR. The spectrum of the induced GWs depends on the sharpness of the transition from the USR phase to the final attractor phase as well as to the duration of the USR period. While the model can accommodate the current PTAs data but it has non-trivial predictions for the induced GWs on higher frequency ranges which can be tested by future observations.
Fitting Optical Light Curves of Tidal Disruption Events with TiDE
Authors: Kovács-Stermeczky Zsófia V. , Vinkó József
Published: October 2023

A Tidal Disruption Event (TDE) occurs when a supermassive black hole tidally disrupts a nearby passing star. The fallback accretion rate of the disrupted star may exceed the Eddington limit, which induces a supersonic outflow and a burst of luminosity, similar to an explosive event. Thus, TDEs can be detected as very luminous transients, and the number of observations for such events is increasing rapidly. In this paper we fit 20 TDE light curves with TiDE, a new public, object-oriented code designed to model optical TDE light curves. We compare our results with those obtained by the popular MOSFiT and the recently developed TDEmass codes, and discuss the possible sources of differences.
Enhancing visual security: An image encryption scheme based on parallel compressive sensing and edge detection embedding
Authors: Wang 王 Yiming 一铭 , Huang 黄 Shufeng 树锋 , Chen 陈 Huang 煌 , Yang 杨 Jian 健 , Cai 蔡 Shuting 述庭
Published: October 2023

A novel image encryption scheme based on parallel compressive sensing and edge detection embedding technology is proposed to improve visual security. Firstly, the plain image is sparsely represented using the discrete wavelet transform. Then, the coefficient matrix is scrambled and compressed to obtain a size-reduced image using the Fisher–Yates shuffle and parallel compressive sensing. Subsequently, to increase the security of the proposed algorithm, the compressed image is re-encrypted through permutation and diffusion to obtain a noise-like secret image. Finally, an adaptive embedding method based on edge detection for different carrier images is proposed to generate a visually meaningful cipher image. To improve the plaintext sensitivity of the algorithm, the counter mode is combined with the hash function to generate keys for chaotic systems. Additionally, an effective permutation method is designed to scramble the pixels of the compressed image in the re-encryption stage. The simulation results and analyses demonstrate that the proposed algorithm performs well in terms of visual security and decryption quality.
Interacting topological magnons in a checkerboard ferromagnet
Authors: Zhu 朱 Heng 恒 , Shi 施 Hongchao 洪潮 , Tang 唐 Zhengguo 政国 , Tang 唐 Bing 炳
Published: October 2023

This work is devoted to studying the magnon–magnon interaction effect in a two-dimensional checkerboard ferromagnet with the Dzyaloshinskii–Moriya interaction. Using a first-order Green function method, we analyze the influence of magnon–magnon interaction on the magnon band topology. We find that Chern numbers of two renormalized magnon bands are different above and below the critical temperature, which means that the magnon band gap-closing phenomenon is an indicator for one topological phase transition of the checkerboard ferromagnet. Our results show that the checkerboard ferromagnet possesses two topological phases, and its topological phase can be controlled either via the temperature or the applied magnetic field due to magnon–magnon interactions. Interestingly, it is found that the topological phase transition can occur twice with the increase in the temperature, which is different from the results of the honeycomb ferromagnet.
Effectiveness evaluation of complex air combat system based on capability-service model
Authors: Dou Xiangmin , Tang Guojian , Wang Han , Yang Aiwu , Hou Yueqi , Liang Xiaolong
Published: October 2023

The core feature of a complex air combat system is manned-unmanned teaming (MUM-T). It will be the basic air combat formation of the future Air Force. The effectiveness evaluation of a complex air combat system is a challenging task. It will profoundly affect the future direction of air combat systems. Firstly, this paper describes the concept, components, and winning mechanism of complex air combat. Secondly, drawing on the ideas of mosaic warfare effectiveness evaluation, building an agent-based capability-service effectiveness evaluation model, solving the model by heuristic rules. We define an effectiveness evaluation metric to measure the effectiveness of a complex air combat system from different perspectives. Finally, simulation results under different scenarios show that the platforms’ orchestration relationship is essential in developing a complex air combat system.
Heuristic dynamic path planning algorithm based on SALSTM-DDPG
Authors: Chong Wang , Yi Chen , Shu-feng Wang , Chaohai Kang
Published: October 2023

In the field of path planning, there are many excellent traditional algorithms proposed by scholars, but usually these traditional methods based on static environment, these methods lack the ability to deal with dynamic variable environment. A heuristic reinforcement learning dynamic environment path planning algorithm (SALSTM-DDPG) combining self-attention and long short-term memory network(LSTM) is proposed in this paper. Firstly, an automatic encoder is constructed to reduce the feature dimension of the local cost map, which reduces the complexity of the overall model. Then the local cost map and global path after dimensionality reduction are taken as input, the original source of information is guaranteed to the maximum extent possible by this method, at the same time, the global optimal path is used to guide the local path planning. Finally, the deep reinforcement learning algorithm DDPG is used for specific motion control, the Actor part is built using a network based on the SALSTM algorithm. This approach allows previous sequence to be used as a reference when an Actor makes decisions, this enables dynamic obstacles to be predictably avoided by the robot. The feasibility and efficiency of the proposed algorithm are proved by experiments.
A UAV-based compressive algorithm for minimizing the energy consumption of large-scale WSNs
Authors: Lv Cuicui , Yang Linchuang , Zhang Xinxin , Wang Peijin , Du Zhenbin , Li Xiangming , Wang Peng
Published: October 2023

In large-scale environmental monitoring, massive sensor nodes regularly collect data and transmit them over long distances, which burdens the network and leads to the increased energy consumption. To deal with this problem, we develop an Unmanned Aerial Vehicle (UAV)-based compressive algorithm. In this algorithm, the network clustering technologies and Compressive Sensing are exploited to decrease the amount of data throughout the network. Monte Carlo method is used to group sensor nodes into clusters. The UAV is dispatched as a mobile agent to collect data from the cluster heads. Compared with the benchmark algorithms, the simulations demonstrate that the algorithm proposed in this paper can decrease the network’s energy consumption and obtain better environmental monitoring results.
Gamma spectrometer calibration of liquid standard sources of Mix 133Ba, 137Cs and 60Co toward the measurement of 99Mo breakthrough of 99Mo/99mTc generator
Authors: Febriana S , Mirda I
Published: October 2023

The expression radionuclide in nuclear medicine is preferred than radioisotope which widely used in physics. Radionuclides have been used regularly in nuclear medicine. Their radiation provide information about the staging of a person’s specific organs and to specify what is triggering the symptoms, injury or disease to treat diseased organs or cancerous tumours in a patient called theranostic. Technetium-99m radionuclide is the most frequently used radionuclide in nuclear medicine. The quality control of technetium-99m (99m Tc) product from 99Mo/99mTc generator is crucial. One that have been highlighted in this paper is the radionuclide molybdenum-99 (99Mo) breaktrough which can be effectively measured using caliberated gamma spectrometer. The stability test of the gamma spectrometer detector is done using control chart and chi square method from 137Cs radionuclide measurement. The calibration process of liquid standard sources of mix 133Ba, 137Cs and 60Co including energy and efficiency calibration, are performed with the same geometry as Mo99 breakthrough measurement in a lead shield canister with 2.5; 4.5 and 8.5 cm distance from the HPGe detector. The result from the calibration of liquid standard sources of mix 133Ba, 137Cs and 60Co showed the required polynomial equations needed to calculate the 99Mo breakthrough of 99mTc eluted product from the 99Mo/99mTc generator.
Experimental study of thermoelectric cooling system for a parked car with solar energy
Authors: Sukarno R , Premono A , Gunawan Y , Wiyono A
Published: October 2023

Vehicles parked under the direct sun cause an increase in the cabin temperature drastically. The extreme increase in vehicles cabin temperature will increase air conditioning (AC) energy and fuel consumption, can damage interior equipment, and increases the health risk to passengers in the car. Therefore, this research aims to investigate the thermoelectric as a cooling system for a parked car integrated with solar energy. The solar panel on the car roof generates electricity as a cooling system energy source. The cooling system consists of 4 thermoelectric coolers equipped with heatsinks and axial fans on the hot and cold side of thermoelectric. The test was conducted on passenger cars during the day for 4 hours of parking. The result shows that the cabin car temperature decrease by 6,1°C or 13% compared to without cooling, which will increase passenger comfort and reduce energy consumption.
The challenges of implementing project-based learning in Physics
Authors: Tain M , Nassiri S H , Meganingtyas D E W , Sanjaya L A , Bunyamin M A H
Published: October 2023

The purpose of this research is to identify the challenges in implementing project-based learning (PBL) in physics among physics teachers in Johor, Malaysia. The qualitative research methods were employed using the case study design. The data were analysed using ATLAS.ti application and were carried out for five teachers. The key result indicates the five main challenges of implementing PBL that the teachers faced, which are management commitment, sources, students’ readiness, students’ time, and teachers’ time. Based on the analysis of data with ATLAS.ti, how the challenges are connected to one another based on the quotes that each teacher wrote represent. PBL has numerous benefits for both teachers and students, but it also provide challenges that they had to deal with. The challenges identified will help other physics teachers if they are to implement PBL in their lessons, especially in making PBL successful. For further recommendation, other aspects of project-based learning, especially the concepts of PBL among physics teachers, may be studied. Method
Profile of scientific argumentation of elementary school teachers using Toulmin’s Argumentation Pattern (TAP) in Physics concept of potable water sources
Authors: Pertiwi W A , Kusairi S , Kusumawati A D , Shanthie A P K , Haeruman L D
Published: October 2023

This study aims to determine the profile of scientific argumentation in elementary school teachers by using Toulmin’s Argumentation Pattern (TAP) in the Natural Sciences chapter. This type of research used survey research with research subjects, namely 24 elementary school teachers. The instrument used was the PISA-Physics test on drinkable materials. Data analysis techniques using quantitative descriptive. The results of the scientific argumentation research of 24 teachers showed that 37.5% were entered as level 1 in the first question, and 59% were entered as level 1 in the second item. This is because the teacher only gives statements in the form of data and claims on the questions that have been given. The teacher has not been able to provide a strong rebuttal accompanied by evidence and support in accordance with Toulmin’s Argumentation Pattern (TAP).
Development of STEM project-based learning student worksheet for Physics learning on renewable energy topic
Authors: Muliyati D , Prastiawan F , Mutoharoh M
Published: October 2023

This research is motivated by the development of education in the 21st-century, which demands students to master the 4C skills (creative thinking, critical thinking, collaboration, and communication), particularly in the field of physics. The nature of physics learning requires active and interactive teaching methods that can be implemented through project-based activities for students. One effective instructional media is the student worksheet designed based on STEM-PjBL (science, technology, engineering, and mathematics project-based learning) principles. This research aims to assess the suitability of STEM-PjBL student worksheets as a learning media, which can serve as a recommendation to assist teachers in teaching renewable energy topics. This study uses the ADDIE model to adopt the Research and Development (R&D) method. This research results in a STEM-PjBL student worksheet as a physics learning media to understand renewable energy topics. The STEM-PjBL student worksheet is expected to assist students in mastering 21st-century skills effectively.
The Modern Physics Practicum: Students creatively and critically thinking in the 21st-century competencies
Authors: Bakri F , Luthfiya A Q , Rahmawati D , Wati L
Published: October 2023

The Physics Practicum is learning in the laboratory. The learning process in the laboratory must develop critical thinking skills and creativity. Modern physics practicum must be supported by modules that guide the formation of 21st-century competencies in learning abstract modern physics. Research and development of modern physics practicum modules using the Dick and Carrey stages. The Practicum Module was developed for constructivism learning. Students are guided in collecting data, processing data into graphs, reading and interpreting graphs, and finding data regularities so that they are able to build modern physics concepts that are practiced. The feasibility of the practicum module product was validated by experts using a questionnaire. The components assessed are the feasibility of the content, the feasibility of the learning process, and the feasibility of the media. The learning process in practicum module products includes the stages of forming 21st-century competencies, namely: the accuracy of the practicum stages, creativity in building measurable data tables, creativity in processing data and critically finding regular data forms, converting data tables into graphs, finding relationships between variables, so as to be able to build concepts modern physics put into practice. The feasibility of modern physics content reaches 94%, the feasibility of the learning process is 96.8%, and the eligibility of the media is 96.3%. Overall, this product is considered feasible to be used to build 21st-century competencies for students of physics education at universities.
Tate Duality in Positive Dimension over Function Fields
Authors: Rosengarten Zev
Published: October 2023

We extend the classical duality results of Poitou and Tate for finite discrete Galois modules over local and global fields (local duality, nine-term exact sequence, etc.) to all affine commutative group schemes of finite type, building on the recent work of Česnavičius (“Poitou-Tate without restrictions on the order,” 2015) extending these results to all finite commutative group schemes. We concentrate mainly on the more difficult function field setting, giving some remarks about the number field case along the way.
Kelp forests collapse reduces understorey seaweed β-diversity
Authors: Piñeiro-Corbeira Cristina , Barrientos Sara , Provera Isabella , García Manuel E , Díaz-Tapia Pilar , Peña Viviana , Bárbara Ignacio , Barreiro Rodolfo
Published: October 2023

Background and Aims

Kelps are the primary foundation species in temperate subtidal rocky shores worldwide. However, global change is causing their decline with consequences for the organisms that rely on them. An accurate assessment of these consequences may depend on which attributes of the associated community are considered. This study shows that conventional α-diversity approaches may overlook some of these consequences compared to spatially explicit approaches such as with β-diversity.

Methods

A 1-year seasonal study was conducted to compare the macroalgal understorey between healthy reefs with a Laminaria ochroleuca canopy and degraded reefs where the canopy collapsed years ago due to excessive fish herbivory. At each reef, the understorey seaweed assemblage was recorded in five replicate quadrats to estimate α-diversity (total richness, species density, Shannon index) and β-diversity (intra- and inter-reef scale).

Key Results

The understorey assemblage exhibited a distinct seasonal dynamic in both healthy and degraded reefs. α-Diversity attributes increased in spring and summer; turf-forming algae were particularly dominant in degraded reefs during summer. β-Diversity also showed seasonal variability, but mostly due to the changes in degraded reefs. None of the α-diversity estimates differed significantly between healthy and degraded reefs. In contrast, spatial β-diversity was significantly lower in degraded reefs.

Conclusions

Although the loss of the kelp canopy affected the composition of the macroalgal understorey, none of the conventional indicators of α-diversity detected significant differences between healthy and degraded reefs. In contrast, small-scale spatial β-diversity decreased significantly as a result of deforestation, suggesting that the loss of kelp canopy may not significantly affect the number of species but still have an effect on their spatial arrangement. Our results suggest that small-scale β-diversity may be a good proxy for a more comprehensive assessment of the consequences of kelp forest decline.
Population-Level Alcohol Consumption and Homicide Rates in Latin America: A Fixed Effects Panel Analysis, 1961–2019
Authors: Escaño Guillermo J , Pridemore William Alex
Published: October 2023

Latin America and the Caribbean (LAC) possesses 8 per cent of the global population but approximately one-third of global homicides. The region also exhibits high per capita alcohol consumption, risky drinking patterns and a heterogeneous mix of beverage preferences. Despite this, LAC violence receives limited attention in the English-language literature and there are no studies of the population-level alcohol-homicide association in the region. We examined the effects on total, male and female homicide rates of total and beverage-specific alcohol consumption (22 nations, 1961–2019) and of risky drinking patterns (20 nations, 2005 and 2010). We collected homicide and alcohol data from the World Health Organization. Panel fixed effects models showed (1) per capita total and wine consumption were positively associated with total, male and female homicide rates, though effects were much stronger for males, (2) per capita beer consumption was positively associated with total and male homicide rates, (3) per capita spirits consumption was not associated with homicide rates, and (4) nations with riskier drinking patterns had higher total, male and female homicide rates than those with less risky drinking patterns.
EEG-based speaker–listener neural coupling reflects speech-selective attentional mechanisms beyond the speech stimulus
Authors: Li Jiawei , Hong Bo , Nolte Guido , Engel Andreas K , Zhang Dan
Published: October 2023

When we pay attention to someone, do we focus only on the sound they make, the word they use, or do we form a mental space shared with the speaker we want to pay attention to? Some would argue that the human language is no other than a simple signal, but others claim that human beings understand each other because they form a shared mental ground between the speaker and the listener. Our study aimed to explore the neural mechanisms of speech-selective attention by investigating the electroencephalogram-based neural coupling between the speaker and the listener in a cocktail party paradigm. The temporal response function method was employed to reveal how the listener was coupled to the speaker at the neural level. The results showed that the neural coupling between the listener and the attended speaker peaked 5 s before speech onset at the delta band over the left frontal region, and was correlated with speech comprehension performance. In contrast, the attentional processing of speech acoustics and semantics occurred primarily at a later stage after speech onset and was not significantly correlated with comprehension performance. These findings suggest a predictive mechanism to achieve speaker–listener neural coupling for successful speech comprehension.
Increased functional connectivity between the auditory cortex and the frontoparietal network compensates for impaired visuomotor transformation after early auditory deprivation
Authors: Song Li , Wang Pengfei , Li Hui , Weiss Peter H , Fink Gereon R , Zhou Xiaolin , Chen Qi
Published: October 2023

Early auditory deprivation leads to a reorganization of large-scale brain networks involving and extending beyond the auditory system. It has been documented that visuomotor transformation is impaired after early deafness, associated with a hyper-crosstalk between the task-critical frontoparietal network and the default-mode network. However, it remains unknown whether and how the reorganized large-scale brain networks involving the auditory cortex contribute to impaired visuomotor transformation after early deafness. Here, we asked deaf and early hard of hearing participants and normal hearing controls to judge the spatial location of a visual target. Compared with normal hearing controls, the superior temporal gyrus showed significantly increased functional connectivity with the frontoparietal network and the default-mode network in deaf and early hard of hearing participants, specifically during egocentric judgments. However, increased superior temporal gyrus-frontoparietal network and superior temporal gyrus-default-mode network coupling showed antagonistic effects on egocentric judgments. In deaf and early hard of hearing participants, increased superior temporal gyrus-frontoparietal network connectivity was associated with improved egocentric judgments, whereas increased superior temporal gyrus-default-mode network connectivity was associated with deteriorated performance in the egocentric task. Therefore, the data suggest that the auditory cortex exhibits compensatory neuroplasticity (i.e. increased functional connectivity with the task-critical frontoparietal network) to mitigate impaired visuomotor transformation after early auditory deprivation.
Systematic review: oral and maxillofacial radiology as fundamental methods of virtual autopsy
Authors: Azizah Wilma N , Oscandar Fahmi , Damayanti Merry A
Published: October 2023

Refusal of autopsy occurs for various reasons, including religious beliefs and the risk of infectious diseases such as coronavirus disease 2019. Dental autopsy involves invasive procedures, including incision and access openings in the oral cavity. Radiographic techniques can be used as an alternative to the conventional autopsy process in the field of forensic odontology, providing a non-invasive approach that does not involve tissue damage. The current study aimed to analyse the current status of the applicability of oral and maxillofacial radiology for virtual forensic odontological autopsy. A systematic review was conducted in accord with the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis protocol. The literature search was conducted from December 2021 to October 2022 using the PubMed, ScienceDirect, and SAGE Journals databases. Article selection was carried out by eliminating duplication, screening titles and abstracts, and reading the entire content of the article. A thematic analysis method was used to identify themes in the collected data. A total of 15 articles were included, and several uses of oral and maxillofacial radiography in virtual autopsy and forensic odontology were identified. Four techniques were identified that can be used for virtual autopsy in forensic odontology. The use of computed tomography (CT) scanning for virtual autopsy was reported in six articles, cone beam CT was reported in five articles, magnetic resonance imaging was reported in two articles, and multidetector CT was reported in two articles. In the studies included in this review, the identified oral and maxillofacial radiograph techniques that are used as the fundamental methods of virtual autopsy in forensic odontology are CT scanning (including multidetector CT), cone beam CT, and magnetic resonance imaging. The different methods of oral and maxillofacial radiography for virtual autopsy were identified as having advantages as well as limitations in their use in forensic odontology. Most of the included studies indicated that the virtual autopsy approach cannot yet stand alone as an identification method, but provides a useful adjunct for gathering dental evidence.

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Borehole fibre-optic seismology inside the Northeast Greenland Ice Stream
Authors: Fichtner Andreas , Hofstede Coen , Gebraad Lars , Zunino Andrea , Zigone Dimitri , Eisen Olaf
Published: October 2023

Ice streams are major contributors to ice sheet mass loss and sea level rise. Effects of their dynamic behaviour are imprinted into seismic properties, such as wave speeds and anisotropy. Here, we present results from a distributed acoustic sensing (DAS) experiment in a deep ice-core borehole in the onset region of the Northeast Greenland Ice Stream, with focus on phenomenological and methodological aspects. A series of active seismic surface sources produced clear recordings of the P and S wavefield, including internal reflections, along a 1500 m long fibre-optic cable that was placed into the borehole. The combination of nonlinear traveltime tomography with a firn model constrained by multimode surface wave data, allows us to invert for P and S wave speeds with depth-dependent uncertainties on the order of only 10 m s−1, and vertical resolution of 20–70 m. The wave speed model in conjunction with the regularly spaced DAS data enable a straightforward separation of internal upward reflections followed by a reverse-time migration that provides a detailed reflectivity image of the ice. While the differences between P and S wave speeds hint at anisotropy related to crystal orientation fabric, the reflectivity image seems to carry a pronounced climatic imprint caused by rapid variations in grain size. Further improvements in resolution do not seem to be limited by the DAS channel spacing. Instead, the maximum frequency of body waves below ∼200 Hz, low signal-to-noise ratio caused by poor coupling, and systematic errors produced by the ray approximation, appear to be the leading-order issues. Among these, only the latter has a simple existing solution in the form of full-waveform inversion. Improving signal bandwidth and quality, however, will likely require a significantly larger effort in terms of both sensing equipment and logistics.
CHCHD10 mutations induce tissue-specific mitochondrial DNA deletions with a distinct signature
Authors: Shammas Mario K , Nie Yu , Gilsrud Alexandra , Huang Xiaoping , Narendra Derek P , Chinnery Patrick F
Published: October 2023

Mutations affecting the mitochondrial intermembrane space protein CHCHD10 cause human disease, but it is not known why different amino acid substitutions cause markedly different clinical phenotypes, including amyotrophic lateral sclerosis-frontotemporal dementia, spinal muscular atrophy Jokela-type, isolated autosomal dominant mitochondrial myopathy and cardiomyopathy. CHCHD10 mutations have been associated with deletions of mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA deletions), raising the possibility that these explain the clinical variability. Here, we sequenced mtDNA obtained from hearts, skeletal muscle, livers and spinal cords of WT and Chchd10 G58R or S59L knockin mice to characterise the mtDNA deletion signatures of the two mutant lines. We found that the deletion levels were higher in G58R and S59L mice than in WT mice in some tissues depending on the Chchd10 genotype, and the deletion burden increased with age. Furthermore, we observed that the spinal cord was less prone to the development of mtDNA deletions than the other tissues examined. Finally, in addition to accelerating the rate of naturally occurring deletions, Chchd10 mutations also led to the accumulation of a novel set of deletions characterised by shorter direct repeats flanking the deletion breakpoints. Our results indicate that Chchd10 mutations in mice induce tissue-specific deletions which may also contribute to the clinical phenotype associated with these mutations in humans.
Full Exceptional Collections for Anticanonical Log del Pezzo Surfaces
Authors: Gugiatti Giulia , Rota Franco
Published: October 2023

Motivated by homological mirror symmetry, this paper constructs explicit full exceptional collections for the canonical stacks associated with the series of log del Pezzo surfaces constructed by Johnson and Kollár in [33]. These surfaces have cyclic quotient, non-Gorenstein, singularities. The construction involves both the $\operatorname {GL}(2,{\mathbb {C}})$ McKay correspondence, and the study of the minimal resolutions of the surfaces, which are birational to degree two del Pezzo surfaces. We show that a degree two del Pezzo surface arises in this way if and only if it admits a generalized Eckardt point, and in the course of the paper we classify the blow-ups of ${\mathbb {P}}^{2}$ giving rise to them. Our result on the adjoints of the functor of Ishii–Ueda [32] applies to any finite small subgroup of $\operatorname {GL}(2,{\mathbb {C}})$.