bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
CHARACTERISTICS OF PHYSICAL HEALTH OF STUDENTS OF MODERN EDUCATIONAL INSTITUTIONS
Authors: Bogomolova E. S. , Shaposhnikova Mariya V. , Kotova N. V. , Badeeva T. V. , Maksimenko E. O. , Kiseleva A. S. , Kovalchuk S. N. , Ashina M. V. , Olyushina E. O.
Published: December 2019

Introduction. The article is devoted to schoolchildren physical health signs in Nizhniy Novgorod schools of different physical education level. Material and methods. The morphofunctional signs of 3045 children in 8 schools have been studied using anthropometry and functional tests during a medical examination. The method of integral indices rating from 0 to 1 has been used for assessment of physical health level. Results. The physical health (PH) has been estimated by morphofunctional signs and tolerance to physical load. Every eighth child (12,8 %) is characterized by low and below the average level of PH. A third of children (34,3%) has average level PH, 41,2% has above the average level of PH, only 11,7% - high level of PH. Physical health is increased in schoolchildren with high and above the average level of PH to senior age group. It makes up more than 75% of boys and 65% girls in 3rd stage of education. The relationship between physical education and physical health is shown. Schoolchildren’s physical health is more in two times in schools with an integration of modern forms of physical activity and maintenance of all hygienic requirements in comparison with schools using traditional physical education under physical standards and uniformity. Conclusion. The given results are the scientific background for the inclusion of additional organizational-methodical forms and technologies of physical education to increase the schoolchildren’s physical activity, physical health, and adaptation reserves.
RISK ASSESSMENT OF CHILDREN’S HEALTH DUE TO THE CHEMICAL COMPOSITION OF DRINKING WATER SOURCES OF THE NON-CENTRALIZED WATER SUPPLY OF THE CITY OF EKATERINBURG
Authors: Konshina Lidia G.
Published: December 2019

Introduction. In recent years, the risk assessment methodology has become the leading tool for assessing the health of various groups of the population, allowing identifying priority negative environmental factors. Material and methods. There were explored 212 wells, including 150 in collective gardens and 62 in cottage settlements. The priority oral route of chemical intake into the body was studied. Results. Nitrates and arsenic compounds create the main non-carcinogenic risk in the sources of non-centralized water supply in the territory of the Municipal Settlement of the city of ekaterinburg. When using water from wells in cottage settlements levels of non-carcinogenic risks are significantly lower than non-carcinogenic risks in horticultural partnerships. Acceptable level of non-carcinogenic risk for children under 6 years are related with 17.4% of water sources in collective gardens and 25% of wells in cottage settlements; for adults - 60.8% and 93.8% respectively. The detected nitrate concentrations in individual wells of horticultural associations can create a high non-carcinogenic risk. The total individual lifetime carcinogenic risk, both in the water of collective gardens and in the water wells of cottage settlements ranges from 10-5 to 10-4 and, therefore, is at a low level, the greatest contribution is made by arsenic compounds. Discussion. In contrast to the earlier traditional assessment of drinking water quality, when the main substances for which the discrepancy was found to hygienic standards were manganese, nitrates, iron and silicon, in the assessment of water danger using the methodology of risk assessment, nitrates and arsenic come to the first place, with a much smaller role of manganese. The calculation of carcinogenic risks using age correction factors (ADAF) has increased the risk values calculated by the traditional method by almost 2 times. Summary Levels of non-carcinogenic risks when using water from wells in cottage settlements are significantly lower than non-carcinogenic risks in horticultural partnerships.
Characterization of Green Infrastructure at the Local Level with Geographical Information System, Tunja (Colombia)
Authors: Hernández-Rojas Cristian Camilo , Sanabria-Marín Rigaud
Published: December 2019

This article presents a characterization of the areas likely to integrate a Green Infrastructure (GI) for the Tunja city at local scale and spatial analysis is mainly applied to the land cover and land use of the study area. To identify the areas that could be integrated into the GI, four thematic dimensions were first zoned (ecological connectivity, multifunctionality, ecological status and accessibility to the population); they were later normalized on a scale of 1 to 10 to make them comparable; the dimensions were combined by an Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP) and finally those areas whose pixel values ​​were above the third quartile were selected in the integration of the dimensions. The zoned dimensions the following weights were obtained: ecological connectivity (48%), multifunctionality (30%), ecological status (13%) and accessibility to the population (9%). It was found that the main areas likely to integrate into the GI are concentrated in the western fringe of the city; however, the northwestern area has a greater fragmentation and lower ecological status than the southwestern zone (which refers mainly to the Protective Forest Reserve El Malmo). Likewise, several areas or patches were identified to the south of the city (referring mainly to wooded areas and presence of wetlands) as well as small wooded areas in the urban perimeter, but with greater isolation among the other areas of GI. Within the urban perimeter the zoning of areas that could be integrated into a GI was practically null.
Elements usage of jazz gymnastics in the choreographic training of 12–14 years old “rhythmic” gymnasts
Authors: Boldyreva Vera , Keyno Aleksandr , Bogdanov Mikhail
Published: December 2019

The Russian school of gymnastics is distinguished by the high performing skills of female athletes, a wide range of styles, the composition integrity, which is achieved with the help of choreographic training. The concept of “choreography” includes everything that relates to the art of classical, folk, historical and everyday, modern dance. Choreographic training in gymnastics is understood as a system of exercises and influence methods aimed at nurturing the motor culture of the gymnasts, at expanding their arsenal of expressive means. In addition, when practicing chore-ography, flexibility and coordination of movements develops, strengthens the musculoskeletal system, increases the density of the workout, which has a positive effect on the cardiovascular and respiratory systems of the body, contributes to the development of special endurance. Along with this, choreography lessons solve technical training problems: mastering various elements and combinations, an individual image in the composition. To create an image, expressiveness is in-dispensable, which is inextricably linked with the beauty of the movements, grace, dancing character, etc. A choreographer in rhythmic gymnastics has to work with a constant shortage of time, since choreographic training is only part of the training process. This time is not enough for the full development of the “rhythmic” gymnasts’ choreography. A characteristic feature of training in jazz gymnastics is the performing of exercises that fully activate the body’s motor system, with the participation of the greatest possible number of muscle groups. Also for those engaged in jazz gymnastics is characteristic dynamism, expression, together with wide and smooth movements. The nature of the movements is expressive. All this contributes to the development of “rhythmic” gymnasts’ choreography. Analysis of scientific literature and practical experience indicates the lack of jazz gymnastics use in the choreographic training of “rhythmic” gymnasts. Our research is related to the development of this particular direction, which determines its relevance.
Historiography of the issue of institutional and social dimension collectivization
Authors: Nikolashin Vadim
Published: December 2019

We study historiographic sources on one of the most urgent and of public importance, the agrarian history of Russia – collectivization of the agricultural sector in the black earth village. The purpose of the study is to examine the main articles and monographs devoted to the problem under study, to analyze domestic and foreign sources on the institutional and social dimensions is-sues in the course of collectivization. In this research we present and summarize the main conclu-sions of researchers about the historical experience of agrarian reforms carried out by the Soviet government during collectivization. The historiography of this issue is traditionally divided into four stages: works of the 1930s, works of the middle1950s – middle1960s, articles and mono-graphs of the second half of the 1960s – 1980s and the modern stage. During this period, more at-tention was paid to the topic of institutional transformation in the studies. The collectivization so-cial dimension has rarely been understood, mostly since the 1980s. Complement the domestic his-toriography of the work of foreign researchers: S. Fitzpatrick, M. Levin, S. Rosefield, E.H. Carr-Robert, W. Davis and S.G. Wheatcroft, A. Graziosi, P. Gregory and others. In their works, they explore the social, political, demographic aspects that accompanied the collectiviza-tion of the Soviet village. Analysis of domestic and foreign historiongraphy allows us to prepare a synthesis of scientific papers on the problems of Soviet agrarian reforms 1928–1930s.
Mask: to the issue of metaphysical substantiality (Y.V. Bondarev’s novel “Choice” and its adaptation specifics)
Authors: Khvorova Ludmila E. , Jin Lili
Published: December 2019

On the one hand, we compare the textual version of Y. Bondarev’s novel “Choice” with the visual version – an adaptation of the novel by director V. Naumov, the comparison has begun in previous published works, on the other hand, we comprehend the spiritual and moral content of this work, in particular, through such a key component of Russian literature as the mask. Its meta-physical essence is revealed, we give the statements of Russian religious thinkers in this connec-tion. We consider some key characters of the novel – Ilya Ramzin, Vladimir Vasiliev, Maria. We also trace the novel characters thoughts about coming tragic apostasy of being and of civilization processes tragedy as a whole in the spiritual and moral aspect. This connects with the concept “masquerade” and also has a deeper, cultural and axiological significance, we consider it connect-ed to some traditions and predictions by F.M. Dostoevsky.
Libraries of noble estates in the cultural environment of the Tambov Governorate in the late 18th – 19th centuries
Authors: Pronina Lyudmila A. , Gorelkina Olga V.
Published: December 2019

The authors analyze the concept of «cultural environment», highlight its components on the example of the Tambov Governorate, show its progress. The libraries of the noble estates played an important role in the development of cultural life in province, performed memorial, in-formational and socializing functions. We reveal the trends in the development of personal collec-tions, the core of the library fund, which allowed to determine the structure of the cultural heritage – publications distributed over the 19th–21th centuries. We make the conclusion about most popular authors, books and reading fashion. The authors reconstructed an objective picture of establishing and functioning of estate libraries in this period as an element of the cultural environment. A number of technologies for creating personal libraries can be used at present. Family reading techniques are applicable in promoting reading, books and book culture.
G.R. Derzhavin’s personal library as a reflection of poet’s literary interests and artistic creativity
Authors: Zhitin Ruslan M. , Topilsky Aleksey G.
Published: December 2019

We study G.R. Derzhavin's personal library. The study is relevant due to the high historical and cultural significance of Gavriil Romanovich’s book collections. Reconstruction of his original collection – one of the most important areas of research of book culture of the late 18th century and, of course, the key story of the study of poet creativity sources. We analyze the thematic diversity of the preserved books, the history of the Derzhavin collection, its fate after the death of G.R. Derzhavin. Derzhavin’s library was transferred to D.V. Polenov – well-known diplomat and bibliophile of his time, and then entered the Naryshkin special library of Tambov. The study of the qualitative and quantitative composition of the transferred collections allowed to establish the safety of 293 volumes from his collection. The collection is distinguished by special brown leather bindings with flyleaf of decorative paper (presumably handmade), a lot of tray copies. Part of the journals convolutes from Derzhavin’s collection are bound in hard cardboard paper with a rectangular label-sticker of the early 19th century, reflecting the name of the journal, the year of publication and superexlibris “G. D.” (Gavriil Derzhavin). Analysis of Derzhavin's books from the library demonstrated a significant diversity of reading interests of G.R. Derzhavin. His library has preserved many rare lifetime copies of odes, letters, epigrams, messages of famous authors of the 18th century, a huge number of periodicals. The method of instance analysis of literature made it possible to identify and analyze the author’s marginalia on the poet’s books, their significance for the characteristics of the poet’s literary work.
Sujeto revolucionario comunitario
Authors: Barkin David , Sánchez Jiménez Alejandra
Published: December 2019

A esperança que prevaleceu durante o século XX quanto a um sujeito revolucionário proletário se evaporou como resultado da incapacidade das organizações sociais de fazer frente às crises múltiplas que se proliferaram no ambiente pós-guerra, abandonando a possibilidade de transformação revolucionária à total incerteza. Este artigo examina o potencial de atores revolucionários quase esquecidos, atores queestão coletivamente organizados e deliberadamente envolvidos em processos de transformação social e produtiva, que reivindicam legitimamente seus territórios e cujas atividades os envolvem em processos para consolidar uma estrutura diferente de sociedade nas márgens do sistema capitalísta global. As comunidades campesinas e indígenas das Américas estão conscientemente se reunindo para reestruturar suas organizações e suas formas de governo, tomando o controle dos territórios que são seus e que têm reclamado para si há gerações. Também estão reorganizando a produção para gerar excedentes, reunindo seus membros para aproveitar recursos subutilizados e para melhorar o nível de vida e assegurar a conservação e a restauração do meio ambiente. Essas comunidades não estão operando de maneira isolada. Coordenam atividades, compartilham informações e criam alianças. Centenas de milhões de pessoas participam desses movimentos ocupando muito mais que um quarto da superfície terrestre do mundo. Essas condições representam um enorme potencial para inúmeras formas de transformações socias e ecológica, consolidando mundos e sociedades pós-capitalistas.
Editorial
Authors: Oliveira Laura Sant'Anna Luedy , Pinhe Hyury
Published: December 2019

O presente dossiê é um exercício não exaustivo de aprofundamento nas camadas de sentido da noção de "sujeito". Com os textos selecionados esperamos contribuir para esboçar a trajetória que essa noção percorreu e percorre no contexto específico do marxismo.
A leitura na escola em tempo de e-book
Authors: Amin Vanda do Socorro Furtado , Teixeira Lucilinda Ribeiro , Castro José Guilherme de Oliveira
Published: December 2019

Este artigo objetiva identificar as formas e os suportes de leitura, assim como verificar as práticas de leitor no cotidiano escolar no contexto da midiatização. Na interface comunicação e educação, destaca-se a relação com saber dos sujeitos que atuam no espaço pedagógico e suas experiências de leitores mediadas por materiais impressos e digitais. Procedeu-se à pesquisa bibliográfica e a um estudo de caso realizado numa escola pública federal de Belém, com alunos do ensino do fundamental, em outubro e novembro de 2016, com aplicação de observação participante e entrevista com formulário. Recorreu-se aos aportes teóricos que tratam do debate sobre comunicação, midiatização, mídia impressa, leitura e educação. Com base nessas articulações, fez-se um cotejo em torno da questão da prática da leitura mediada por suportes distintos: o livro impresso e o livro eletrônico ou digital, tendo-se como referência o lugar da aprendizagem formal, a escola.
Análise de políticas públicas brasileiras em ciência, tecnologia e inovação com foco na cultura de inovação e atuação integrada de agentes do sistema de inovação
Authors: Silva Elaine da
Published: December 2019

Considerando a importância da inovação para os segmentos produtivo, acadêmico e governamental, se apresenta uma análise das políticas públicas de inovação vigentes no Brasil no que tange à promoção da inovação sistêmica e aberta, vislumbrando assim oportunidades e desafios que se apresentam a todos os envolvidos com a geração de inovação no país. Por meio da aplicação do método ‘Análise de Conteúdo’ as referidas políticas foram analisadas quanto à presença de cultura de inovação enfocando o conhecimento e ação integrada de agentes do sistema de inovação. Observou-se que as políticas públicas promovem a cooperação entre organizações que integram o sistema inovativo, entretanto não há evidências de incentivo ou diretrizes para a participação de pessoas não vinculadas a organizações, seguramente um desafio tanto para elaboradores de políticas quanto para todos que dedicam-se a promover a ampla participação de organizações e pessoas em atividades inovativas.
Guia de fontes de informação para startups
Authors: Silva Eduardo Graziosi , Coletta Teresinha das Graças , Larocca Ana Paula Camargo
Published: December 2019

A criação de startups deve ser acompanhada da implantação de uma infraestrutura que garanta seu desenvolvimento e consolidação. Assim, a aproximação universidade-empresa faz-se necessária para oferecer a infraestrutura que propicie o acesso à informação científica e tecnológica. Para tanto, pretende-se identificar as startups instaladas no município de São Carlos (SP) e suas demandas por esse tipo de informação. Com isso, elaborar-se-á um guia de fontes de informação a partir dos recursos de informação mais utilizados que foram identificados em dois estudos da área de Ciência da Informação. Serão elencadas as fontes de informação de acesso aberto e de acesso institucional disponíveis na Universidade de São Paulo que propiciem o desenvolvimento das startups. A forma de distribuição será nos formato impresso, a ser distribuído para as startups, universidades e demais interessados, e eletrônico, que será disponibilizado em portais institucionais da Universidade de São Paulo.
Interdisciplinaridade entre ciência da informação e administração no Brasil
Authors: Felix Maria José Abreu e , Vilan Filho Jayme Leiro
Published: December 2019

Trata-se de revisão de literatura resultante de levantamento bibliográfico da produção científica sobre a interdisciplinaridade entre Ciência da Informação e Ciência da Administração no Brasil. O objetivo é identificar aspectos da literatura científica a respeito da interdisciplinaridade estabelecida entre Ciência da Informação e Ciência da Administração no Brasil. Como fonte de pesquisa foram utilizadas as bases de dados brasileiras (ABCDM, BRAPCI, BDTD, SPELL), o portal da ANPAD e, de forma complementar a Scielo e o Google Acadêmico, que conjuntamente resultaram na identificação de dez trabalhos, a saber: duas dissertações, uma tese, quatro trabalhos de anais do ENANCIB e três artigos de periódicos. Os trabalhos analisados apontam para a informação como elo entre as duas ciências, e a Inteligência Competitiva e a Gestão do Conhecimento como motivadores da interdisciplinaridade. A literatura existente sobre o tema é escassa e focada em definir a interseção entre Ciência da Informação e Administração. Os trabalhos recuperados revelam que o estudo das relações interdisciplinares constitui importante ferramenta para a compreensão da Ciência da Informação como ciência, assim como suas características e abrangência.
Boas práticas científicas na elaboração de planos de gestão de dados
Authors: Guandalini Clara Alcina , Furnival Ariadne Chloë Mary , Arakaki Ana Carolina Simionato
Published: December 2019

As instituições e as agências de pesquisa vêm exigindo uma conduta no contexto da agenda em prol da Ciência Aberta. Sendo que, as boas práticas na pesquisa científica estão incluindo a elaboração de um Plano de Gestão de Dados, que propõe ao pesquisador gerenciar os dados brutos de sua pesquisa, valorizando o compartilhamento em conjunto com a abertura dos dados e seu reuso em benefício aos pesquisadores e à sociedade. Diante disso, o objetivo desse trabalho foi de levantar e identificar boas práticas com relação ao reuso e interoperabilidade que a abertura dos dados possibilita, sendo que se pretendeu analisar os aspectos referentes à gestão de dados de pesquisa, visando ainda sua disponibilidade em repositórios de dados abertos, explorando a relação das instituições de ensino superior, agências financiadoras e pesquisadores com o levantamento de ações que são realizadas na criação e desenvolvimento de PGDs. A pesquisa caracterizou-se como exploratória, empregou-se métodos documentais e bibliográficos para a identificação, coleta e sistematização das informações. Considera-se a necessidade do desenvolvimento de políticas institucionais para o gerenciamento dos dados de pesquisa, porém, respeitando também as áreas do conhecimento, visto que nem todos os dados são gerados do mesmo modo. Além disso, fica evidente que há um novo paradigma na publicação e divulgação científica, o que influencia também sua comunicação, seja com o meio acadêmico ou com a sociedade.
Competência, Inovação e Tendências na Biblioteconomia
Authors: Santos Gildenir Carolino , Porto Paloma , Ferreira Danille Thiago
Published: December 2019

Chegamos ao final do ano, concluindo mais um volume da RDBCI, que neste ano de 2019 passou a ter publicação contínua, o que acelerou a publicação de trabalhos inéditos, valorizando o ritmo da ciência e do acesso aberto. Nesta edição o tema é Competência, Inovação e Tendências na Biblioteconomia e Ciência da Informação, além de Ciência, Dados e Acesso Abertos. A modalidade de publicação contínua (rolling pass), ou simplesmente PC, criada a um certo tempo no continente europeu, e agora ganhando espaço nas Américas, é a publicação dos artigos em um único volume sem pausas periódicas, sem a espera do fechamento de um número para publicar outro, o que pode diminuir a visibilidade dos artigos, e ganhando mais impacto na consulta e citações dos artigos. (RODRIGUES; SANTOS, 2019).
Comunicazione e didattica archeologica in scavi aperti e non ultimati: spunti di riflessione dalla Casa delle bestie ferite (Aquileia)
Authors: SCALCO LUCA , SALVADORI MONICA
Published: December 2019

A partire dal 2007, l’Università degli Studi di Padova svolge campagne di scavo, presso il sito della Casa delle Bestie ferite. Alle attività di ricerca e di didattica, dal 2014 si sono affiancate iniziative di comunicazione dei risultati dello scavo, indirizzate alla comunità locale e ad altri interessati e finalizzate a far conoscere il sito e la realtà archeologica della campagna aquileiese. Per avvicinare il pubblico allo scavo “aperto”, la strategia di comunicazione adottata muove dalle evidenze materiali per approfondire questioni di metodo archeologico, di operatività sul campo e di contestualizzazione storica, archeologica e topografica, attraverso un racconto il più possibile semplice, sintetico e interiorizzabile.
SEQUENCE STRATIGRAPHIC AND PALEOECOLOGIC ANALYSIS OF AN ALBIAN CORAL-RUDIST PATCH REEF, ARIZONA, USA
Authors: HATTORI KELLY E. , KERANS CHARLES , MARTINDALE ROWAN C.
Published: December 2019

Fossilized reefs can preserve critical information about changes in marine environments over a relatively short period of time. The interpretation of these changes is often hindered by the complexity of reef growth with respect to architecture, biotic zonation, and time. High-resolution mapping and data collection incorporating both sequence stratigraphical and paleoecological principles are needed to document the architectural complexity of reef development. To demonstrate this, we present a case study in which both principles are integrated to build a new stratigraphic framework for an Albian-aged rudist-coral patch reef outcrop (Paul Spur, Bisbee, AZ, USA). The dataset reveals that the outcrop preserves five stages of development: (1) initial shoal deposition; (2) pioneer reef growth; (3) reef diversification; (4) reef hiatus; and (5) rudist shoal development. These stages represent periods of deposition and reef growth within high-frequency transgressive-regressive sequences. Interpretations of sedimentological and paleoecological data are then used to demonstrate the variable influence of different environmental controls on reef growth. Prevailing wind and current direction act as higher order controls on overall reef architecture by influencing windward-leeward asymmetry. Fluctuations in relative water depth as well as sedimentation rate, source, and type is an important influence on reef community and growth habit. Though corals and rudists cohabited during much of the reef's history, corals dominated when water depth was greater and external sediment influx lesser, whereas rudists dominated in shallow water depths and during periods of high external sediment influx. This work demonstrates that detailed evaluation of stratigraphy and paleoecology, as well as careful consideration of timelines and heterogeneity, is essential for building an accurate stratigraphic framework that allows a more thorough understanding of processes driving reef growth.
Menjadi Lesbian: Kajian Interaksionisme Simbolik Lesbian di Surabaya
Authors: Megananda Wiwid
Published: December 2019

This article is entitled Becoming Lesbians: A Symbolic Interactionism Study of Lesbian Identity (Case Study in the City of Surabaya). Researchers focus on lesbian individuals not on the lesbian community. The problem raised by the researcher is how the whole process of choosing someone to be a lesbian and the symbols used for interaction with other lesbians. The purpose of this study is to know how a person chooses his life as a lesbian and to find out the symbols used to interact with lesbians. The method used is a qualitative method with a phenomenological approach. In this study informants numbered four people and all four occupy their respective roles in lesbians. From the results of this study there are several reasons why someone chooses to become a lesbian: social profiles, her-story, lesbian firts time, what changes, reactions and what next. From these concepts, the conclusion is that family background does not influence a person to become a lesbian, but rather from personal experiences in the past or experiences with social relations.
Do virtual renal clinics improve access to kidney care? an impact evaluation of a virtual clinic in east London
Authors: Hull Sally Ann , Rajabzadeh Vian , Thomas Nicola , Hoong Sec , Dreyer Gavin , Rainey Helen , Ashman Neil
Published: December 2019

BACKGROUND Evidence from the UK national chronic kidney disease (CKD) audit, identifies deficits in the identification and management of CKD within primary care. Aligning the requirement of GPs for a responsive nephrology service, with the capacity of renal services and the need to prioritise patients with progressive disease requires a re-think of traditional models of care. Utilising the health data in the primary care electronic health record (EHR) to bridge the primary secondary divide is one way forward. METHODS We describe a novel community kidney service based in the renal department at Barts Health NHS Trust and four clinical commissioning groups (CCGs) in east London. An impact evaluation of the changes in service delivery used quantitative data from the virtual CKD clinic and from the primary care electronic health records (EHR) of 166 participating practices. Survey and interview data from health professionals were used to explore changes to working practices. RESULTS Analysis of the virtual clinic data shows a rapid rise in referrals. The majority (>80%) do not require a traditional face to face appointment but can be managed with advice to the referring clinician. The wait for a nephrology opinion fell from 64 to 5 days. The age adjusted referral rate was 2.5 per 1000 registered patients. Primary care clinicians expressed positive views including the rapid response to clinical queries, increased confidence in CKD management, improved access for patients unable to travel to clinic, and reported patient satisfaction. Nephrologists valued seeing the entire clinical record which improved clinical advice, but had concerns about the volume of referrals and changes to working practices. CONCLUSIONS It is feasible to develop ‘virtual’ specialist services using shared access to the primary care EHR. Such services expand capacity to deliver timely advice based on a review of the entire EHR. To use both specialist and generalist expertise efficiently such services are best supported by community interventions which engage primary care clinicians in a data driven programme of service improvement.
Expansion of sweet taste receptor genes in grass carp (Ctenopharyngodon idellus) coincided with vegetarian adaptation
Authors: Yuan Xiao-Chen , Liang Xu-Fang , Cai Wen-Jing , He Shan , Guo Wen-Jie , Mai Kang-Sen
Published: December 2019

Background: Taste is fundamental to diet selection in vertebrates. Genetic basis of sweet taste receptor in the shaping of food habits has been extensively studied in mammals and birds, but scarcely studied in fishes. Grass carp is an excellent model for studying vegetarian adaptation, as it exhibits food habit transition from carnivory to herbivory. Results: We identified six sweet taste receptors (gcT1R2A-F) in grass carp. The four gcT1R2s (gcT1R2C-F) have been suggested to be evolved from and paralogous to the two original gcT1R2s (gcT1R2A and gcT1R2B). All gcT1R2s were expressed in taste organs and mediated glucose-, fructose- or arginine-induced intracellular calcium signaling, revealing they were functional. In addition, grass carp was performed to prefer fructose to glucose under a behavioral experiment. Parallelly, compared with gcT1R2A-F/gcT1R3 co-transfected cells, gcT1R2C-F/gcT1R3 co-transfected cells showed a higher response to plant-specific fructose. Moreover, food habit transition from carnivory to herbivory in grass carp was accompanied by increased gene expression of certain gcT1R2s. Conclusions: We suggested that the gene expansion of T1R2s in grass carp was an adaptive strategy to accommodate the change in food environment. Moreover, the selected gene expression of gcT1R2s might drive the food habit transition from carnivory to herbivory in grass carp. This study provided some evolutional and physiological clues for the formation of herbivory in grass carp.
Gross Motor Developmental Dysfunctional Outcomes in Infantile and Toddler Pediatric Intensive Care Unit Survivors
Authors: Yang Chun-Feng , Xue Yang , Feng Jun-Yan , Jia Fei-Yong , Zhang Yu , Li Yu-Mei
Published: December 2019

Background: Increasing studies have focused on motor function/dysfunction in PICU survivors; however, most studies have focused on adults and older children. This study investigated gross motor developmental function outcomes in infantile and toddler pediatric intensive care unit (PICU) survivors and the factors associated with gross motor developmental functions. Methods: This observational study was conducted in the PICU of the First Hospital of Jilin University between January 2019 and March 2019. Thirty-five eligible patients were divided into the dysfunctional (n=24) or non-dysfunctional (n=11) group according to the results of the Peabody Developmental Motor Scales, Second Edition (PDMS-2). Baseline gross motor function for all participants before PICU admission was measured via the Age and Stages Questionnaires, Third Edition (ASQ-3). The PDMS-2 was used to evaluate gross motor development function before PICU discharge. Results: The gross motor developmental dysfunction incidence was 68.6%. Linear correlation analysis showed that the gross motor quotient (GMQ) was positively correlated with the pediatric critical illness score (PCIS, r=0.621, P<0.001), and negatively correlated with length of PICU stay (r=-0.556, P=0.001), days sedated (r=-0.602, P<0.001), days on invasive mechanical ventilation (IMV; r=-0.686, P<0.001), and days on continuous renal replacement therapy (CRRT; r=-0.538, P=0.001). Linear regression analysis showed that IMV days (β=-0.736, P=0.001), sepsis (β=-18.111, P=0.003) and PCIS (β=0.550, P=0.021) were independent risk factors for gross motor developmental dysfunction Conclusions: Gross motor developmental dysfunction in infantile and toddler PICU survivors is more common and may be exacerbated by experiences associated with longer IMV days and increasing illness severity combined with sepsis. Trial Registration: The trial ‘Early rehabilitation intervention for critically ill children’ has been registered at http://www.chictr.org.cn/showproj.aspx?proj=23132. Registration number: ChiCTR1800020196. Keywords: Gross Motor Developmental Function; Sepsis; Mechanical Ventilation; Pediatric Intensive Care Unit; Infant; Toddler
Epidemic Ribotypes Of Clostridium (Now Clostridioides) Difficile Are Likely To Be More Virulent Than Non-Epidemic Ribotypes In Animal Models
Authors: Vitucci John C. , Pulse Mark , Tabor-Simecka Leslie , Simecka Jerry W.
Published: December 2019

Background: Clostridioides difficile infections have become more frequently diagnosed and associated with greater disease severity, which has resulted in an increase burden on the healthcare system. These increases are attributed to the increased prevalence of hypervirulent strains encompassing select ribotypes. These epidemic ribotypes were characterized as hypervirulent due to higher in vitro spore and toxin production, as well as increased incidence, severity and mortality within patients. However, it is unclear whether epidemic ribotypes are truly more virulent than non-epidemic ribotypes in vivo. Furthermore, there is conflicting evidence about the ability of a strain’s in vitro phenotype to be predictive of their in vivo virulence. The goals of the current studies were to determine if epidemic ribotypes are more virulent than other ribotypes in animal models, and whether the in vitro virulence phenotype of an isolate or ribotype predict in vivo virulence. Results. To determine if epidemic strains were truly more virulent than other non-epidemic strains, the in vivo virulence of thirteen C. difficile isolates (7 non-epidemic and 6 epidemic ribotype isolates) were determined in murine (C57BL/6 mice) and hamster (golden Syrian hamster) models of C. difficile infections. The isolates of epidemic ribotype of C. difficile were found to be more virulent in both the murine and hamster models than non-epidemic isolates. In particular, the group of epidemic ribotypes of C. difficile had lower LD 50 values in hamsters. The increased severity of disease was associated with higher levels of Toxin A and Toxin B production found in fecal samples, but not numbers of organisms recovered. The isolates were further characterized for their in vitro virulence phenotypes, e.g. toxin production, growth rates, spore formation and adherence of spores to intestinal epithelial cell lines. Although there were higher levels of toxins produced and greater adherence for the group of epidemic ribotypes, the in vitro profiles of individual isolates were not always predictive of their in vivo virulence. Conclusions. Overall, the group of epidemic ribotypes of C. difficile were more virulent in vivo despite individual isolates having similar phenotypes to the non-epidemic isolates in vitro .
Association of macular thickness with parapapillary atrophy in myopic eyes
Authors: Piao Helong , Guo Yue , Ha Jun Young , Sung Mi Sun , Park Sang Woo
Published: December 2019

BackgroundTo investigate whether macular structure could be affected by axial elongation and to determine the association between macular intraretinal thickness and the microstructure of β-zone parapapillary atrophy (PPA) in myopic eyes.MethodsThe study recruited 113 healthy myopic subjects (113 eyes). Images of the macula, subfoveal choroid, and optic nerve head were acquired using spectral-domain optical coherence tomography (SD-OCT). An automatic segmentation algorithm was used to segment the macular images into 7 intraretinal layers. PPA widths with and without Bruch’s membrane (PPA+BM and PPA-BM, respectively) were evaluated. Linear regression analysis was performed to evaluate the association between macular intraretinal thickness and axial length and the microstructure of PPA.ResultsAn increase in axial length was associated with a decrease in whole macular thickness of the peripheral region and an increase in whole macular thickness of the central region. Thickness alterations of the macular intraretinal layers were most apparent in the peripheral region. A significant correlation was found between PPA-BM width and macular intraretinal layer thickness, whereas no significant correlation was found between PPA+BM width and macular intraretinal layer thickness. Similar to axial length, as PPA-BM width increased, changes in macular intraretinal layer thickness were most pronounced in the peripheral region. Moreover, both PPA+BM and PPA-BM widths significantly correlated with subfoveal choroidal thickness.ConclusionsMacular intraretinal layer thickness may be affected by PPA-BM width. These findings indicate that the microstructure of PPA should be considered when evaluating the macula in patient with myopia and glaucoma.
A Comparative Study of Vitrectomy Combined with Internal Limiting Membrane Peeling for Idiopathic Macular Hole of different hole diameters with Air or C3F8 Intraocular Tamponade
Authors: Tang Yong Ping , Wu Bei Lei , Lin Zhong , Wu Ronghan
Published: December 2019

Background：Vitrectomy and membrane peeling followed by gas filling technique has become a standard procedure of macular hole surgery, the outcomes are affected by many factors, and which kind of intraocular tamponade is the best choice still has some conflicts. The purpose of this study is to investigate whether air filling can achieve comparable effects to long-acting inert gases when different macular hole sizes are enrolled. Methods：116 patients with idiopathic macular hole were enrolled in this retrospective study, 44 received C3F8 tamponade and 72 received sterile air tamponade. Before and after vitrectomy surgery, the best corrected visual acuity, slit lamp examination, fundus examination and intraocular pressure were analyzed. Results：No statistically significant difference was fund in age, gender, axial length, intraocular pressure, or preoperative visual acuity between groups. After the surgery, the closure rates of air group and C3F8 group with macular hole diameter ≤400 microns were 94.4% and 100.0%, with no significant difference between the two groups (P = 0.701). The closure rates of macular hole diameters lager than 400 microns are 66.7% and 91.3%, P = 0.029. The total closure rates of the two groups are 80% and 95.6%, P =0.018. Conclusions：In idiopathic macular hole surgery, the effect of air as an intraocular tamponade material is similar to that of C3F8 in macular hole with diameters less than 400 microns. In patients with larger macular hole (diameter over 400 microns) performed therapeutic surgery with air filling, internal limiting membrane insertion or flap inversion may be recommended get better outcomes.
Family Planning for Women with Severe Mental Illness in Rural Ethiopia: A Qualitative Study
Authors: Zerihun Tigist , Sorsdahl Katherine , Hanlon Charlotte
Published: December 2019

Background: Family planning is a crucial issue for all women of reproductive age, but in women with severe mental illness (SMI) there may be particular challenges and concerns. As primary care-based mental health services are expanding in low- and middle-income countries (LAMICs), there is an opportunity to improve family planning services for women with SMI. However, research exploring unmet family planning needs of women with SMI in such settings is scarce. Therefore, the present study explored the family planning experiences, unmet needs and preferences of women with SMI who reside in a predominantly rural area of Ethiopia Methods: A qualitative study design was used. Women with SMI who were participating in the ongoing population-based cohort study in Butajira were selected purposively on the basis of responses to a quantitative survey of current family planning utilization. In-depth interviews were conducted with 16 women with SMI who were of reproductive age. Audio files were transcribed in Amharic, translated into English and analyzed using the Framework Approach using Open Code qualitative data analysis software. Results: Participants reported pervasive effects of SMI upon the intimate relationships and sexual life of women. Although women with SMI felt that family planning was important, they had limited knowledge of family planning generally and a lack of understanding of the specific family planning needs relevant to having SMI. None of the women with SMI in the present study had received any recommendations to use family planning services while accessing mental health care services. The participants identified ways in which primary care-based mental health services could better meet their family planning needs. Conclusion: This study has provided in-depth perspectives from women with SMI about the broader context of their family planning experience, needs, and barriers and how integrated primary care services could better meet their needs. Empowerment of women with SMI to access information and services needs to be an important focus of future efforts to improve the reproductive experiences of this vulnerable group. Key words: Family planning, severe mental illness, Contraceptives, Reproductive age
Osteoprotegerin prompts cardiomyocyte hypertrophy via FAK/BECLIN1 mediated autophagy inhibition
Authors: shen anna , Zheng Dezhong , Liu Tingrong , Zhou Tao
Published: December 2019

Aim It has been reported that Osteoprotegerin (OPG) induces cardiomyocyte hypertrophy, but the mechanism remains unclear. This study was to investigate the role of Focal Adhesion Kinase (FAK) pathway in the OPG induced hypertrophy in cultured cardiomyocytes.Methods The H9C2 line of rat cardiomyocytes were treated with OPG at different concentrations and the cellular hypertrophy was evaluated. Meanwhile, the activity of FAK and other the phosphorylation kinases were detected. Autophagy flux assay was performed in absence and presence OPG. The interaction between proteins was analyses using Co-Immunoprecipitation assay.Results We found that OPG induced cardiomyocyte hypertrophic response, accompanied by dramatic increases a series of inflammatory factors and cytokines, as well as collagen synthesis. Also OPG inhibits autophagy and induces FAK phosphorylation. FAK silencing using si-RNA abrogates the effect of OPG on autophagy and cellular hypertrophy. Furthermore, Co-Immunoprecipitation assay reveals that OPG inhibits autophagy through enhancing the binding of FAK and Beclin1 Tyr 233.Conclusion The FAK/Beclin1 signal pathway is essential for the OPG induced autophagy inhibition and hypertrophic response in cultured H9C2 cells.
Predictors of acute intracranial hemorrhage and recurrence of chronic subdural hematoma following burr hole drainage
Authors: Chen FuMei , Wang Ke , Xu KangLi , Wang Li , Zhan TianXiang , Cheng Fei , Wang Hao , Chen Zuo-Bing , Gao Liang , Yang Xiaofeng
Published: December 2019

Objective To investigate predictors of postoperative acute intracranial hemorrhage (AIH) and recurrence of chronic subdural hematoma (CSDH) after burr hole drainage.MethodsA multicenter retrospective study of patients who underwent burr hole drainage for CSDH between January 2013 and March 2019. Univariate and multiple logistic regression analyses were performed to determine the relationship between CSDH recurrence and postoperative AIH and clinical, radiological, and surgical variables. Results A total of 456 CSDH patients (361 males, 95 females) were enrolled in the study. The median (IQR) age was 68 (61–77) years (range: 8–98 years). CSDH recurrence occurred in 63 patients (56 males, seven females), with a recurrence rate of 13.8%. The median time interval between initial burr hole drainage and recurrence was 37 (27–46) days (range: 12–180 days). Postoperative AIH developed in 23 patients (15 males, eight females), with an incidence of 5.0%. The median time interval between initial burr hole drainage and postoperative AIH was 4 (2–6) days (range: 1–10 days). Bilateral hematoma, hyperdense hematoma and anticoagulant drug use were independent predictors of recurrence in the multiple logistic regression analyses. Preoperative headache was an independent risk factor of postoperative AIH in the multiple logistic regression analyses, however, intraoperative irrigation reduced the incidence of postoperative AIH. Conclusions This study found that bilateral hematoma, hyperdense hematoma and anticoagulant drug use were independently associated with CSDH recurrence. Clinical presentation of headache was the strongest predictor of postoperative AIH, and intraoperative irrigation decreased the incidence of postoperative AIH.
Country of first birth and neonatal outcomes in migrant and Norwegian-born parous women in Norway: a population-based study
Authors: Vik Eline Skirnisdottir , Nilsen Roy Miodini , Aasheim Vigdis , Small Rhonda , Moster Dag , Schytt Erica
Published: December 2019

Background: This study compares subsequent birth outcomes in migrant women who had already had a child before arriving in Norway with those in migrant women whose first birth occurred in Norway. The aim of this study was to investigate the associations between country of first birth and adverse neonatal outcomes (very preterm birth, moderately preterm birth, post-term birth, small for gestational age, large for gestational age, low Apgar score, stillbirth and neonatal death) in parous migrant and Norwegian-born women. Methods: National population-based study including second and subsequent singleton births in Norway from 1990-2016. Data were retrieved from the Medical Birth Registry of Norway and Statistics Norway. Neonatal outcomes were compared between births to: 1) migrant women with a first birth before immigration to Norway (n=30,062) versus those with a first birth after immigration (n=66,006), and 2) Norwegian-born women with a first birth outside Norway (n=6,205) versus those with a first birth in Norway (n=514,799). Associations were estimated as crude and adjusted odds ratios (aORs) with 95% confidence intervals (CIs) using multiple logistic regression. Results: Migrant women with a first birth before immigrating to Norway had increased odds of adverse outcomes in subsequent births relative to those with a first birth after immigration: very preterm birth (22-31 gestational weeks (gwks); aOR=1.27; CI 1.09-1.48), moderately preterm birth (32-36 gwks; aOR=1.10; CI 1.02-1.18), post-term birth (≥42 gwks; aOR=1.19; CI 1.11-1.27), low Apgar score (<7 at 5 minutes; aOR=1.27; CI 1.16-1.39) and stillbirth (aOR=1.29; CI 1.05-1.58). Similar results were found in the sample of births to Norwegian-born women. Conclusions: The increased odds of adverse neonatal outcomes for migrant and Norwegian-born women who had their first births outside Norway should serve as a reminder of the importance of taking a careful obstetric history in these parous women to ensure appropriate care for their subsequent pregnancies and births in Norway. Keywords: immigration, parous women, neonatal outcomes, obstetric history, predictor