bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The influence of incorporated β‐carotene on the vibrational properties of single wall carbon nanotubes
Authors: Tschirner Norman , Brose Katharina , Maultzsch Janina , Yanagi Kazuhiro , Kataura Hiromichi , Thomsen Christian
Published: September 2010

We present Raman spectra and resonance profiles of single wall carbon nanotube (SWCNT) with and without incorporated β‐carotene molecules. We show that the encapsulation of β‐carotene has only a slight effect on the the vibrational properties of SWCNT in the diameter range from 1.2 to 1.4 nm. We observe an intensity decrease as well as a slight upshift of the RBM frequency. The maximum position of the resonance profile in terms of excitation energy is unaltered.

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Sorting single‐wall carbon nanotubes combining gel chromatography and density‐gradient ultracentrifugation
Authors: Nishide Daisuke , Liu Huaping , Tanaka Takeshi , Kataura Hiromichi
Published: September 2010

High level structure sorting and metal/semiconductor separation of single‐wall carbon nanotubes (SWCNTs) was demonstrated by combining two separation techniques, gel chromatography and density gradient ultra‐centrifugation (DGU). Pristine SWCNTs were firstly separated into metallic and semiconducting parts by a gel column chromatography. Then a structure sorting of semiconducting SWCNTs was done by DGU method. Finally, highly (6,5) enriched semiconducting SWCNTs were obtained. Structure sorted SWCNTs obtained by this method were free from metallic SWCNT impurities, which cannot be achieved by simple DGU method.
Praeruptorin a inhibits lipopolysaccharide‐induced inflammatory response in murine macrophages through inhibition of NF‐κB pathway activation
Authors: Yu Peng‐Jiu , Ci Wei , Wang Guang‐Fa , Zhang Jun‐Yan , Wu Shao‐Yu , Xu Wei , Jin Hong , Zhu Zheng‐Guang , Zhang Jia‐Jie , Pang Jian‐Xin , Wu Shu‐Guang
Published: September 2010

Praeruptorin A (PA) is a pyranocoumarin compound isolated from the dried root of Peucedanum praeruptorum Dunn (Umbelliferae). However, the antiinflammatory effect of PA has not been reported. The present study investigated the antiinflammatory effect of PA in lipopolysaccharide (LPS)‐stimulated RAW 264.7 macrophage cells. PA significantly inhibited the LPS‐induced production of nitric oxide (NO), interleukin‐1β (IL‐1β) and tumor necrosis factor‐α (TNF‐α). The mRNA and protein expressions of inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS), IL‐1β and TNF‐α were also suppressed by this compound. Further study showed that PA decreased the cytoplasmic loss of inhibitor κB‐α (IκB‐α) protein and inhibited the translocation of NF‐κB from cytoplasm to nucleus. Taken together, the results suggest that PA may exert antiinflammatory effects in vitro in LPS‐stimulated RAW 264.7 macrophages through inhibition of NF‐κB signal pathway activation. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Density functional theory and topological analysis on the hydrogen bonding interactions in cysteine‐thymine complexes
Authors: Huang Zhengguo , Yu Lei , Dai Yumei
Published: September 2010

Hydrogen bonding interactions between amino acids and nucleic acid bases constitute the most important interactions responsible for the specificity of protein binding. In this study, complexes formed by hydrogen bonding interactions between cysteine and thymine have been studied by density functional theory. The relevant geometries, energies, and IR characteristics of hydrogen bonds (H‐bonds) have been systematically investigated. The quantum theory of atoms in molecule and natural bond orbital analysis have also been applied to understand the nature of the hydrogen bonding interactions in complexes. More than 10 kinds of H‐bonds including intra‐ and intermolecular H‐bonds have been found in complexes. Most of intermolecular H‐bonds involve O (or N) atom as H‐acceptor, whereas the H‐bonds involving C or S atom usually are weaker than other ones. Both the strength of H‐bonds and the structural deformation are responsible for the stability of complexes. Because of the serious deformation, the complex involving the strongest H‐bond is not the most stable structures. Relationships between H‐bond length (ΔRX‐H), frequency shifts (Δv), and the electron density (ρb) and its Laplace (▿2ρb) at bond critical points have also been investigated. © 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Int J Quantum Chem, 2011
Spectroscopic and photophysical properties of dicopper(I) metallocyclophanes
Authors: Burke Luke A. , Heirtzler Fenton
Published: September 2010

Electronic properties have been calculated for derivatives of long lived Cu(I) metallocyclophanes, which are self‐assembling coordination complexes that have metal–ligand charge‐transfer excited states. The molecules studied here are not the typical linear push–pull type with electron withdrawing and donating substituents at either end. The central C2 axis is preserved by putting the same type of substituent on one end of the cylindrical molecule. In theory, a pseudo‐octupolar species can be obtained by a proper balance of substituents at either end of the cylinder. DFT/PBE0 geometry optimizations of the quinoxaline/pyridine derivatives show a preference for the enantiomeric C2 isomer over the centrosymmetric Ci one. Geometry optimizations of the first excited state using TD‐DFT indicate loss of C2 symmetry and return to the ground state. First order hyperpolarizabilities were calculated using analytic gradients. Gas phase hyperpolarizabilities were enhanced by an order of magnitude when recalculated using a Polarized Continuum Model for the polar solvent acetonitrile. Electron withdrawing groups gave positive total β and donating groups gave negative β, both approximately 400 × 10−30 esu. © 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Int J Quantum Chem, 2010
Anomale Mischkrystalle im System SrF2‐LaF3
Authors: Ketelaar J. A. A. , Willems P. J. H.
Published: September 2010

Auf Grund der Stellung im Periodischen System war die Bildung von Mischkrystallen zwischen SrF2 und LaF3 zu erwarten. Die röntgenographische Untersuchung ergab tatsächlich, dass bis zu einem Gehalt von ungefähr 30 Molprozent LaF3 Mischkrystalle des CaF2‐Typus vorliegen. Durch Dichtemessungen konnte erwiesen werden, dass die isomorphe Vertretung des zweiwertigen Strontiumions durch das dreiwertige Lanthanion unter gleichzeitigem Einbau eines Fluorions stattfindet. Die hier gefundene Vertretung unter Füllung vakanter Gitterorte war von Goldschmidt für das analoge System CaF2‐YF3 schon vermutet worden.
Explosion regions at reduced pressure. II. The influence of pressure on the explosion limits of binary and ternary systems, containing CH4, CH3Cl, O2 and N2O; the quenching action of CO2 and SO2
Authors: Drop J.
Published: September 2010

The following systems were investigated at a pressure of 60 cm Hg as well as at lower pressures: CH4O2CO2, CH4O2SO2, CH4N2OCO2 CH4N2OSO2, CH4CH3ClO2, CH4O2N2O, CH3ClN2O in continuation of an investigation of the explosivity of H2O2N2 mixtures published in this journal.

The phenomena which were exhibited therein were described. It was found that at low pressure the wall of the reaction vessel becomes catalytically active, if explosions take place in it repeatedly. The change of pressure resulting from an explosive reaction was investigated in some cases.
Explosion regions at reduced pressure. III. The applicability of some simple formulae to experimental data in binary and ternary systems
Authors: Drop J.
Published: September 2010

The literature, especially that since 1930, gives extensive discussions on the nature of a reaction which proceeds explosively. If one wishes to investigate the function which the pressure and change of concentration perform in determining the position of the limits one arrives, after a fairly complicated deduction, at formulae which reproduce these influences fairly simply

See C. N. Hinshelwood and A. T. Robinson, The Reaction between Hydrogen and Oxygen, 1932, p. 59. Frost and Alyea, J. Am. Chem. Soc. 55, 3227 (1933). Storch and Montgomery, J. ibid. 56, 2644 (1934)

. It is however possible to describe these limits fairly accurately by functions deduced in a very simple way as is shown à propos of experiments described in a previous article in this journal. That holds also for explosions which undoubtedly exhibit a complicated reaction mechanism.
Studien über das Verbrennungslicht einiger Metalle
Authors: Liempt J. A. M. V. , de Vriend J. A.
Published: September 2010

Die entwickelte Lichtmenge bei Verbrennung der Metalle Wolfram, Molybdän. Tantal, Cer, sowie von Kohlenstoff wurde untersucht und die Lichtausbeute der Verbrennung berechnet.
La Représentation Graphique des Lois D'Ostwald‐Arrhenius et de Kohlrausch‐Debije et Hückel
Authors: van Ginkel J. G.
Published: September 2010

Les équations réquites d'Ostwald et de Kohlrausch, telles qu'elles ont été étabiles ci‐dessous, permettent une appréciation plus exacte et plus rapide des données expérimentales. Les électrolytes forts et faibles sont situés dans une région différente, ce qui ne permet pas de les comparer ‐ sans plus ‐ entre eux. L'influence de la loi d'Ostwald sur les électrolytes incomplètement dissociés peut être masquée par l'allure pseudolinéaire de la courbe d' Ostwald au delà d'une certaine concentration.
The dehydration of 1‐o‐tolyl‐2.2‐diphenyl ethylene glycol
Authors: Roger Robert , Harper Frank C.
Published: September 2010

It has been previously found that the o‐tolyl group exerts an unusual influence in certain reactions. As a further step in the study of the properties of the o‐tolyl group, the dehydration of l‐o‐tolyl‐2.2‐diphenyl ethylene glycol has been carried out and the results compared with the dehydrations of the isomeric o‐tolylhydrobenzoin (α‐form) and phenylhydrobenzoin. The fact emerges that when the mechanismus of dehydration are compared, there is a strong similarity between the course of dehydrations of the three glycols. The presence of the o‐tolyl group, therefore, in this case does not seem to exert any undue influence. A series of glycols has been prepared from ethyl o‐tolylglycollate, and the results of the dehydration of these will be compared and discussed in due course.
Ternary and quaternary explosion regions and Le Chatelier's formula
Authors: la Fleur A.
Published: September 2010

The author investigated a number of quaternary and ternary explosion regions of gas (gas and vapour) mixtures in which ethylene and air throughout were two of the components. These gases were combined in the quaternary systems with hydrogen and carbon monoxide, hydrogen and carbon dioxide, nitrogen and carbon dioxide; in the ternary systems with vapours of ethylene chloride, ethylene bromide andn‐butyl bromide. It is considered whether in the limit mixtures of these systems Le Chatelier's law and formula was satisfied; in connection with this consideration the result of the investigations is summarized in graphs and tables. A closed explosion region was found in the system C2H4‐air‐H2‐CO2. Moreover a description is given of an apparatus in which a part of the experiments was carried out.
Gradual separation and economy: (4th communication)
Authors: Treub J. P.
Published: September 2010

In this communication it will be shown, that, whether the principle of countercurrent is applied or not, the quantities of material to be treated in a continuous process of separation may always be expressed as functions of the compositions of raw material and of the phases that are separated in the various stages of separation, i.e. it will be shown that a comparison of the economy of various processes of separation is always possible as soon as a diagram of separation has been determined.

An example, wherein transition from one stage of separation up to another takes place continuously, will be worked out.
The effect of varying conditions in the catalytic hydrogenation of fatty oils on the nature of the reaction product IV
Authors: Waterman H. I. , van Vlodrop C.
Published: September 2010

Research work with the new colloidal nickel catalyst described in Rec. trav. chim. 55, 854 (1936) has been continued. The selectivity of the hydrogenation has been studied and the reaction products compared with the products obtained with other catalysts. The colloidal nickel catalyst can be absorbed on active carbon although the catalyst thus obtained is somewhat less active.
Eine quantitative Methode zur Isolierung des l‐Cystins aus Keratin (Rosshaar)
Authors: Weidinger A.
Published: September 2010

Durch geeignete Arbeitsweise ist eine praktisch vollständige Isolierung des Cystins aus Rosshaar zu erreichen. Der Schwefelgehalt stammt völlig aus dem Cystin.
Über das Verbrennungslicht von Al‐Zn‐ und Al‐Cd‐Legierungen
Authors: van Liempt J. A. M. , de Vriend J. A.
Published: September 2010

Darstellung dünner Al‐Zn‐ und Al‐Cd‐Legierungsdrähte. Bestimmung von Lichtmenge, Blitzzeit, Lichtausbeute und Farbenwiedergabe bei Verbrennung in Sauerstoff.
Cristallographie du Saccharinate Cuivrique
Authors: Klasens H. A. , Terpstra P.
Published: September 2010

(C6H4COSO2N)2Cu. 6 H2O; Système monoclinique. a:b:c = 0.513:1:0.448, β = 78°46′; formes {101}, {111}, {011}, {010}, {021}; pas de piézoélectricité; densité 1.809; P[100] 8.4 A, P[010] 16.3 A, P[001] 7.37 A; groupe de recouvrement C 52h α = 1.491, β = 1.700, γ = 1.746, angle des axes optiques 45°; plan des axes optiques quasi‐perpendiculaire sur l'arête formée par les plans (111) et (111); les plans des groupes C6H4COSO2N sont perpendiculaires sur le plan (010) et quasi‐parallèles à l'arête (111)‐(111).
Vergleichende Untersuchungen über die Verseifungsgeschwindigkeit Einsäuriger Triglyceride unter Einfluss von Pankreasextrakt
Authors: Holwerda K.
Published: September 2010

III. Über den Einfluss der Reaktionsprodukte und der Konstitution der Triglyceride auf die Verseifungsgeschwindigkeit (Fortsetzung)1): In dieser Abhandlung wird an Hand besser fundierter Versuche der schon früher erhaltene Eindruck weiter bestätigt, dass die Konstitution des Triglycerids keinen nennenswerten direkten Einfluss auf die Verseifungsgeschwindigkeit höherer einsäuriger Triglyceride hat, ‐ ein Verhalten, das für die Glieder C8 ‐C13 untersucht wurde.
Die Konstitution der Nitrosylverbindungen. Kristallstruktur des Nitrosylperchlorats und des Nitrosylborfluorids
Authors: Klinkenberg L. J.
Published: September 2010

Mittels Debije‐Scherrer‐Aufnahmen wird gefunden, dass Nitrosylperchlorat sowie Nitrosylborfluorid den entsprechenden Ammoniumsalzen isomorph sind. Dieses Ergebnis liefert eine starke Stütze für die heteropolare Konstitution dieser Nitrosylverbindungen. Die Abmessungen der Elementarzelle des (NH4)ClO4, (OH3)ClO4 und (NO)ClO4 sowie des (NH4)BF4 und (NO)BF4 zeigen, dass das (NO) ‐Ion ebenso gross ist wie das (OH3)+ ‐Ion, während beide kleiner sind als das (NH4) +‐Ion.
On the change in x‐ray pattern when starch preparations are dried (as a way of characterizing these substances with x‐rays)
Authors: Katz J. R.
Published: September 2010

When one tries to characterize a starch preparation by its x‐ray pattern, a more exact characterization is possible by comparing also the x‐ray pattern of the dried substance. These can look like “amorphous” patterns in the case of native starches. But in other starch preparations the x‐ray patterns of the dried substances may be sharp crystalline patterns. In all these cases the relative intensities of the crystalline interferences change in a characteristic way, when the substances are dried.
On the influence of the solvent and the temperature on the speed of oxidation of some organic substances by chromic acid. I
Authors: Snethlage H. C. S.
Published: September 2010

The initial speed of oxidation of succinic, glutaric and adipic acid by chromic acid has been measured at temperatures varying from 25°‐99° and at sulphuric acid concentrations from 60‐100%.

The curves which represent the relation between the concentration of the sulphuric acid and the speed of oxidation are very similar for these three substances, though at one and the same concentration they are oxidised at rather different rates.

A maximum, shifting from the side of higher acid concentrations to that of lower concentrations with decrease of the temperature, is found between 78.2% and 75.5% sulphuric acid, and a minimum, which shifts in the opposite direction, at about 99.5%. At still higher concentrations a very considerable increase of the speed of oxidation is found.

The constants of Arrhenius' formula are calculated.
Die Kristallstruktur von Ammonium‐, Kalium‐, Rubidium‐ und Cäsiumstannibromid
Authors: Ketelaar J. A. A. , Rietdijk A. A. , van Staveren C. H.
Published: September 2010

Die Röntgenanalyse von (NH4)2SnBr6, K2SnBr6, Rb2SnBr6, und Cs2SnBr6 ergab, dass die Kristallstruktur dieser Komplexverbindungen dem bekannten K2PtCl6‐Typus angehören.
Ethers‐Sels de L'hexahydroxybenzène (composés planradiaires IV)
Authors: Backer H. J. , van der Baan Sj.
Published: September 2010

En poursuivant les recherches sur les composés planradiaires, nous avons étudié les éthers‐sels de l'hexahydroxybenzène. Lorsque les six groupes latéraux (restes d'acides) ont des chaînes ramifiées symétriquement, les composés présentent les phénomènes des “molécules remplies”: fusion à température élevée, solubilité faible, cristallisation facile et simple. Les règles que nous avons établies sur l'influence de la ramification et de la symétrie se trouvent confirmées dans tous les cas.
Sur la Configuration et la Mobilité du Cyclohexène
Authors: Böeseken J. , de Rijck van der Gracht W. J. F.
Published: September 2010

Nous avons préparé les acides cyclohexène‐1‐dicarboxyliques‐4,5‐cis et leurs dérivés mono‐1‐méthylés et diméthylés‐1,2 et tâché de les scinder dans les composants optiquement actifs.

L'acide monométhylé, qui est dissymétrique indépendamment de la Situation des atomes de l'anneau cyclohexénique, donne aisément avec de la strychnine les deux acides actifs.

Les efforts faits pour séparer les deux autres acides restèrent infructueux. Les recherches de M. Stuurman (v. art. précédent) ont prouvé que le cyclohexène se comporte envers l'acide peracétique en tous égards comme l'hexéne‐3 et que la clǒture de l'anneau ne change donc rien à ses qualités. Aussi ne provoque‐t‐elle aucune tension annulaire. M. Stuurman a calculé la situation des atomes dans cet état stable et a montré que l'anneau cyclohexénique est alors dissymétrique. L'échec de nos tentatives prouve que la mobilité de l'anneau est trop grande pour l'arrêter dans cet état.
Die Einwirkung Konzentrierter Schwefelsäure auf Ölsäure. Zur Frage der Sog. Iso‐Ölsäure
Authors: Steger Alph. , van Loon J. , Vellenga B. R. N. , Pennekamp B.
Published: September 2010

Das folgende Schema gibt an, welche Stufen bei der Sulfonierung der 9‐10‐Ölsäure, u.s.w. entstehen:

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On the theory of limiting currents: III. General solutions with excess of one indifferent electrolyte
Authors: Mac Gillavry D.
Published: September 2010

The equations for ionic motions in a Polarographic cell can be solved completely by the new approximation method. The method applies to solutions containing any number of ionic species besides one electrolyte in excess. The theory of general limiting currents is given. The calculation of the concentration distributions for all ions present and of the potential function is summarized for the special case that the mobilities of the anions and cations present in excess are equal. The theory for the ascending parts of Polarographic waves at steady and growing mercury drops is examined critically.
L'action des Dérivés Di‐ et Trichlorés et Di‐et Triméthylés de L'éthanol sur le Dichloro‐1,4‐Dioxane. (Le Dioxane et ses Dérivés VI)
Authors: Böeseken J. , Tellegen F. , Plusjé M.
Published: September 2010

L'alcool trichloréthylique donne avec le dichloro‐1,4‐dioxane un mono‐acétale. L'atome de chlore, restant au noyau du dioxane, réagit avec l'alcool éthylique et la glycolchlorhydrine. Le 2,2‐diméthylpropanol‐1 ne réagissait pas avec le monoacétale mentionné. Le 2‐méthyl‐propanol‐1 donne avec le monoacétale de l'alcool trichloréthylique et du dichloro‐1,4‐dioxane.
Relations between the constants of wood oil
Authors: Frahm E. D. G. , Koolhaas D. R.
Published: September 2010

By applying the diene‐synthese to samples of fresh oil from Aleurites montana, the relation diene‐number = 1400 (n25D — 1.4681 )was found. Also the relations bromometric iodine number = 925 (n25D — 1.3414), Wijs‐iodine‐number= 1300 (n25D — 1.3883), nf — nc = 0.25 (n25D — 1.4367) ± 0.0003 and time of gelatination (282°) = 71.4—6/7. Diene‐number + 0.3 Acid‐number were determined. These formulas cannot be applied to old samples of tung oil on account of the polymerisation.

The polymerisation of rung oil decreases the diene‐number, iodine‐number and dispersion linear with the refraction.

This makes it possible to determine the constants of an old oil in its original fresh condition.
Le Principe Toxique des Fruits de Renghas: (Semecarpus heterophylla Bl.)
Authors: Backer H. J. , Haack N. H.
Published: September 2010

Le principe toxique des fruits de Renghas a été isolé à l'état pur. Ce composé, que nous avons dénommé renghol. s'est trouvé être le 2,3‐di‐hydroxy‐n‐pentadécène (10)yl‐benzène; il est apparenté à l'urushiol de la laque japonaise.

La structure de l'éther diméthylique du dihydrorenghol (p.d.f. 36.5—37°) a été confirmée par synthèse. La position de la double liaison dans la chaîne aliphatique du renghol a été établie par ozonisation de son éther diméthylique; cette réaction a donné naissance à l'aldéhyde valérique, identifié à l'état de sa 2,4‐dinitrophénylhydrazone (p.d.f. 106.5—107°).
Eine Untersuchung des Leitvermögens von Salzlösungen in Wasser‐Pyridingemischen
Authors: Schrijver L. A. , van Arkel A. E.
Published: September 2010

Es wird das Leitvermögen einiger Salze bei verschiedenen Konzentrationen in Pyridin‐Wassergemischen wechselnder Zusammensetzung untersucht. Aus den erhaltenen Werten lassen sich Schlüsse auf bevorzugte Solvatation durch Pyridin‐ bezw. Wassermoleküle sowie auf unvollständige Dissoziation ziehen. Der Zusammenhang dieser Erscheinungen mit Grösse und Polarisierbarkeit der Ionen sowie mit der Löslichkeit wird diskutiert.
Stéréoisomérie Chez les Cyclohexane‐Diols. Préparation Et Purification Des Diols 1,3 Et 1,4
Authors: Coops J. , Dienske J. W. , Aten Al B.
Published: September 2010

Au cours de la séparation des cyclohexane‐1,3‐diols obtenus par réduction catalytique du résorcinol par la voie des éthers ditrityliques, il s'est produit des complications que Lindemann et Baumann n'ont pas décrites. Le perfectionnement du procédé mena au diol‐cis à point de fusion de 83°, l'isomère trans fondant à 117°. La même méthode, appliquée au mélange de diols obtenu par hydrogénation du quinol sans dissolvant, fournit les deux cyclohexane‐1,4‐diols isomères à un état très pur. Il fut constaté que les isomères fondaient respectivement à 112 et 143°. Pour l'analyse thermique furent déterminées les courbes de fusion des systèmes 1,4‐diol cis et trans, 1,4‐diol‐ditrityléther cis et trans, et 1,4‐diol‐diacétate cis et trans du cyclohexane. Ces diagrammes ont montré que le composé à point de fusion de 100‐102° préparé selon von Baeyer, lequel jusqu'ici passait pour le cyclohexane‐1,4‐diol‐cis à l'état pur, est en réalité un mélange d'environ 84% de cis‐ et de 16% de trans‐1,4‐diol. De même le diacétate du cyclohexane‐1,4‐diol‐cis de von Bayer contenait 17% de l'isomère trans.
Dilatancy
Authors: Verwey E. J. W. , de Boer J. H.
Published: September 2010

Eine plastische Masse von z.B. Eisenpulver mit einer unpolaren Flüssigkeit wird von einer Spur Ölsäure verflüssigt und die erhaltene flüssige Masse kann noch beträchtlich konzentriert, d.h. die Pulverteilchen können leicht noch dichter gepackt werden. Verschiedene andere Stoffe zeigen dieses Verhalten ebenfalls. Die bis zu richtiger Konzentration konzentrierten flüssigen Massen zeigen in schlagender Weise das Osborne Reynolds Phänomen (dilatancy).

Die Versuche scheinen eine einfache Erklärung dieser merkwürdigen Erscheinung zu gestatten. Die Verfestigung durch schnelle und kräftige Verformung erfolgt durch vorübergehende örtliche Überwindung der Abstossungskräfte, bzw. der polaren Ölsäure‐Schichten, zwischen den Teilchen.
Untersuchungen über Furanderivate: 5. Mitteilung
Authors: Rinkes I. J.
Published: September 2010

Vor einigen Jahren

I. J. Rinkes, Rec. trav. chim. 49, 1169 (1930).

) teilte ich mit, dass das von Marquis

R. Marquis, Ann. chim. [8] 4, 227 (1905).

) durch Nitrierung von Furan erhältliche Nitrofuran nicht β‐ sondern α‐Nitrofuran war, eine Folgerung, die später

B. T. Freure und J. R. Johnson, J. Am. Chem. Soc. 53, 1142 (1931). I. J. Rinkes, Rec. trav. chim. 50, 590 (1931).

) bestätigt wurde. Jetzt ist mir die Synthese des wirklichen β‐Nitrofurans gelungen.
Untersuchungen über Pyrrolderivate: 4. Mitteilung
Authors: Rinkes I. J.
Published: September 2010

In dieser Abhandlung werden verschiedene β‐Pyrrolderivate beschrieben, die durch Einwirkung von Aminoacetaldehyd auf Keto‐ und Aldehydoester entstanden sind. β‐Pyrrolcarbonsäuremethylester wurde nitriert und lieferte ein Produkt, das auf Grund der Substitutionstheorie erwartet wurde.
Derivatives of the oxidation products of glycerol II
Authors: den Otter H. P.
Published: September 2010

Hydrazones and osazones of methylglyoxal.: A method is described for the preparation of methylglyoxal from a solution of dihydroxyacetone prepared by the recipe of Fischer and Tafel. This method of preparation is preferred to the ozonisation of mesitylene and fission of the ozonide, which also affords methylglyoxal. The latter could not be prepared by splitting methylglyoxal‐ω‐phenylhydrazone with benzaldehyde.

Various hydrazones and a number of osazones of methylglyoxal are also described.

The opinion of Neuberg, that only ketones and not aldehydes react with methylphenylhydrazine, is incorrect for methylglyoxal.
The action of hydroxyethylamine on nitro‐derivatives of dimethylaniline with a mobile nitro group and on halogenated nitrobenzene derivatives with a mobile halogen atom
Authors: van Romburgh P. , Zahn C. W.
Published: September 2010

As is well known

P. van Romburgh, Rec. trav. chim. 42, 804 (1923).

, one of the nitro‐groups in various nitro‐derivatives of dimethylaniline, in which there are 2 or 3 adjacent nitro‐groups, is readily replaced by the action of ammonia or amines, as is the case with the mobile halogen atom in nitrohalogeno‐derivatives of dimethylaniline

P. van Romburgh, ibid. 8, 272 (1889).

.

We have now asked ourselves the question: how will hydroxyethylamine behave towards such compounds? There was the possibility that both the hydroxyl‐group and the amino‐group in the hydroxyethylamine would react on the mobile nitro‐group. although reaction with the amino‐group appeared most probable. The investigation showed, however, that the amino‐group always reacted in the compounds examined.
On the essential oil of achasma walang val
Authors: van Romburgh P.
Published: September 2010

The investigation of this essential oil showed that it contains 2‐decene‐1‐al

I published a preliminary communication on 2‐decene‐1‐a1 in Proc. Royal Netherlands Acad. Amsterdam 32 (1929).

.) as its principal constituent. Further 2‐octene‐1‐al was encountered in the lower boiling fractions, as well as a small amount of a laevorotatory terpene boiling at 165° and finally some acids, probably already partially produced by the oxidation of the aldehydes in air in the steam distillation and further on storage in incompletely filled or incompletely closed bottles. 2‐dodecene‐1‐al was detected in the highest boiling fraction.
The distribution of hexadecenoic acid in natural fats
Authors: Hilditch T. P.
Published: September 2010

Hexadecene‐9‐oic acid, observed many years ago in seal, cod, and other oils of marine animals, and later recognised as a prominent constituent of nearly all marine animal fats, has more recently been found to be present in reserve fats throughout both animal and vegetable kingdoms. It is present in some quantity in the fats of amphibia, reptiles, rodents, and birds, and in minor amounts in the depot and milk fats of higher animals such as oxen, pigs or goats. It also occurs in very small quantities in vegetable seed fats, whilst, in fats of the simpler forms of vegetable organisms, it is frequently an important constituent.
Reducing action of grignard reagents on acyl chlorides
Authors: Whitmore Frank C.
Published: September 2010

A study has been made on the reducing action of Grignard reagents on acyl chlorides. The addition of the acid chloride to the Grignard reagent leads to the corresponding primary alcohol formed by the direct reduction of the acid chloride and to the secondary alcohol which is the other reduction product. Addition of the Grignard reagent to the acid chloride, may yield the reduction product as the ester because of an esterification of the alcohol complex by the acid chloride.
Sur L'équilibre du Gaz à L'eau
Authors: Meyer G. , Scheffer F. E. C.
Published: September 2010

Nous avons déterminé l'équilibre du gaz à l'eau par voie directe et avons démontré que les résultats concordent suffisamment bien avec ceux que nous avons obtenus antérieurement par voie indirecte.
On the oxidation of glucose by acetobacter suboxydans
Authors: Kluyver A. J. , Boezaardt A. G. J.
Published: September 2010

Recently it has been shown by Butlin that under certain conditions the acetic acid bacterium, A. suboxydans, well known for its merely dehydrogenating action on sugars and poly‐alcohols can also attack glucose with production of carbon dioxide. The observations of Butlin have been corroborated and the factors determining the divergent behaviour of the bacterium towards glucose have been discussed. In addition it has been proved that under certain conditions the bacterium converts glucose and gluconic acid almost quantitatively into 5‐ketogluconic acid.
The addition of hydrochloric acid to unsaturated hydrocarbons at low temperature
Authors: Leendertse J. J.
Published: September 2010

The addition of hydrochloric acid gas at about −78°C to several olefines of different structure has been studied. Some experiments were carried out without a catalyst, while in others aluminium chloride was used as catalyst.

From the results obtained it was possible to deduce some general principles and facts, especially about the relation between the velocity of addition of hydrochloric acid and the structure of the olefines in question.
Pharmacological investigation with frog muscle
Authors: Ruttink J.
Published: September 2010

In this article, a description is given of disintegration phenomena found in isolated fibrils of frogs muscle in an investigation of ethyl xanthine on M. gastrocnemius from R. Temporaria and R. esculenta.
On the induced oxidation of iodobenzene during the oxidation of benzaldehyde in an atmposphere of oxygen
Authors: Jorissen W. P. , Dekking A. C. B.
Published: September 2010

This investigation is an attempt to use benzaldehyde and oxygen instead of perbenzoic acid as an oxidising agent.
On indigo. I. The nitration of indigo
Authors: van Alphen J.
Published: September 2010

When indigo was nitrated with absolute nitric acid, either directly or dissolved in sulphuric acid or acetic acid only decomposition products, containing nitrated isatins, could be obtained, but when indigo was nitrated in acetic anhydride, well defined products could be prepared. These were derivatives of 2‐acetoxy‐3: 3'‐diketo‐diindolinyl‐2: 2' into which one, two or three nitro groups were introduced, depending on the amount of nitric acid used. on heating, these compounds split off a molecule of acetic acid and mono‐, di‐, or tri‐nitroindigos remained behind. An analogous result was obtained, when indigo was nitrated in butyric anhydride. Indigo could also be nitrated in acetyl chloride but 5‐chloroisatin was then obtained.
Die Gasabgabe erhitzter Metalle in Vakuum
Authors: van Liempt J. A. M.
Published: September 2010

Ableitung einfacher Formeln für den prozentualen Gasverlust von Metallbändern und ‐Drähten bei Erhitzung in Hochvakuum, als Funktion der Zeit und Temperatur.
The composition of sugar humin
Authors: Schweizer A.
Published: September 2010

It is essential to dry sugar humin at a high temperature to obtain correct analytical results.
Darstellung von Sterolderivaten mit Kernsubstituiertem Stickstoff
Authors: Bolt C. C.
Published: September 2010

Sterolderivate, in denen ein Kohlenstoffatom des Kerns durch Stickstoff substituiert ist, sind nicht bekannt. In der vorliegenden Arbeit wird die Darstellung einiger solcher Körper, die an Stelle 4 des Sterolskelettes ein Stickstoffatom besitzen, beschrieben. Aus den ungesättigten Ketonen vom Typus des Cholestenons entstehen durch Ozonisierung γ‐Ketocarbonsäuren. deren Oxime zu γ‐Aminocarbonsäuren reduziert werden. Die Aminocarbonsäuren bilden leicht Lactame, die weiter zu den entsprechenden Basen reduziert werden können.
Preparation of alkenes by the thermal decomposition of alkyl acetates. Preliminary communication
Authors: Wibaut J. P. , van Pelt A. J.
Published: September 2010

The method of Whitmore and of Cramer and Mulligan, for preparing alkenes by the thermal decomposition of the acetates of alcohols has been applied to some alcohols with straight and branched carbon chains. The acetates of pentanol‐3 and heptanol‐l respectively afford pentene‐2 and heptene‐1. The acetate of 2: 4‐dimethylpentanol‐3 affords 2: 4‐dimethylpentene‐2 and the acetate of 2: 4: 4′‐trimethylpentanol‐3 affords 2:4: 4‐trimethylpentene‐2. In these reactions no migration of the double bond occurs and no modification of the carbon skeleton is involved.
Die Addition und die Additionsprodukte der Halogene und Benzenderivate. XI: Die Einwirkung von Chlor auf Benzotrichlorid, Benzalchlorid, Benzylchlorid und Toluen
Authors: van Der Linden T.
Published: September 2010

Mit dem Ziel der Bildung von Additionsprodukten nachzuspüren und die etwaigen Additionsprodukte zu isolieren wurden Benzotrichlorid, Benzalchlorid, Benzylchlorid und Toluen mit einer für die Addition ausreichenden Menge Chlor im Sonnenlichte behandelt und die Reaktionsprodukte untersucht. Bei Toluen und bei Benzylchlorid findet an erster Stelle Chlorierung in der Seitenkette bis zum Benzalchlorid statt. Bei Benzalchlorid und Benzotrichlorid tritt hauptsächlich Addition auf.
Dérivés Simples du 4‐Spiroheptane, Portant Deux Substituants Identiques en Position Opposée (2,6)
Authors: Backer H. J. , Kemper H. G.
Published: September 2010

Après avoir décrit antérieurement

2) H. J. Backer, et H. G. Kemper, Rec. trav. chim. 57, 761 (1938).

les acides 2,6‐dibromo‐ et 2,6‐disulfo‐4‐spiroheptane‐2,6‐dicarboxyliques et leur dédoublement optique, les auteurs ont étudié quelques dérivés simples, disubstitués (‐2,6), du spiroheptane. Le dérivé portant deux groupes hydroxyméthyle en position 2 et 6 a été dédoublé optiquement, à l'état de son éther phtalique acide. Après cet alcool diprimaire, deux alcools ditertiaires correspondants ont été préparés. La déshydratation du bis‐diphénylhydroxyméthyl‐spiroheptane donne naissance à un hydrocarbure non saturé, dont l'oxydation conduit à une combinaison de la spiroheptanedione et de la benzophénone.
The green fluorescent pigment of pseudomonas fluorescens
Authors: Turfreijer A. , Wibaut J. P. , Kingma Boltjes T. Y.
Published: September 2010

The pigment of Pseudomonas fluorescens, which shows a green fluorescence in alkaline solution, has been separated as an amorphous double salt by means of gold chloride.

A compound formed by oxidation of the bacterial pigment also showing the green fluorescence in alkaline solution, has been obtained in a crystalline state as a double salt with gold chloride.

Finally the green fluorescent, oily liquid, formed by distilling the pigment with soda‐lime, has been more closely investigated.
L'action du 1.8‐Dihydroxynaphtalène sur la Conductibilité Électrique de L'acide Borique
Authors: Böeseken J.
Published: September 2010

Nous avons mesuré la conductibilité électrique du 1.8‐dihydroxynaphtalène dans une solution 0.5 molaire d'acide borique. Quoique les deux groupes hydroxyle ne soient pas vicinaux, le diol provoque une augmentation très grande de la conductibilité de l'acide borique. Ce fait pourrait être expliqué en tenant compte de la distance entre les atomes d'oxygène dans le diol par rapport à la distance entre B et O dans un dérivé du bore coordinativement tétravalent.
Das Fluoreszenzschema der Uranylsalze
Authors: Moerman N. F. , Kraak H. H.
Published: September 2010

At −180° C the absorption spectrum of uranyl compounds has one band in common with the emission spectrum (cf. fig. 2). At room temperature, however, a new band appears in the absorption spectrum on the red side, having the same wave‐length as the dominant band of the emission spectrum, while a new band also appears in the emission spectrum on the violet side, at the same wave‐length as the principal absorption band (cf. fig. 2). This behaviour can be explained by means of the potential curves of fig. 1, giving the energy content of the UO2++ ion as a function of the U‐O distance. At −180° C absorption starts only from the level 00. Temperature equilibrium is reached within 10−6 sec.
The incomplete combustion of methane
Authors: Degens P. N.
Published: September 2010

Discussion of the mechanism of the decomposition and of the oxidation of formic acid, formaldehyde, methyl alcohol and methane at 600‐800° C.
The isolation of a keto‐lactone from the urine of pregnant mares
Authors: Jacobs J. D. , Laqubur Ernst
Published: September 2010

A saturated keto‐lactone with the formula C19H26O3, has been isolated from the urine of pregnant mares. The corresponding hydroxy‐acid, C19H28O4, was obtained by saponification with alcoholic potash. The lactone has no oestrogenic or comb growth promoting effect.
The structure of some optically active salts and their racemates
Authors: ter Berg J.
Published: September 2010

By means of determinations of structure of some complex compounds it can be shown how one can in general picture the structure of optically active compounds and their racemates.
Orthokinetic coagulation due to oscillations
Authors: Hermans J. J.
Published: September 2010

The orthokinetic coagulation is usually assumed to be merely superposed on that due to Brownian movement. This is only permissible if the latter is unimportant compared with the former, a condition which in the case of uniform movement is usually fulfilled. The application to oscillatory motions, however, may lead to entirely erroneous results. A simultaneous treatment or orthokinetic and perikinetic coagulation in then indispensable. In § 2 and § 3 respectively the first and the second order approximation are calculated. The first does not contribute to the coagulation rate, the second involves a relative increase in the rate of coagulation, which is proportional to U20/vD, where U0 is the amplitude of the velocity fluctuation, v the frequency and D the diffusion coefficient of the colloid particles.

§ 1 gives the necessary theoretical introduction.

In § 4 the result is applied to the experiments of the preceding paper. It is shown that the influence of the orthokinetic coagulation is less than 5% of that of the Brownian movement.
Separation of lactoflavin (vitamin B2) and lactoflavin phosphate
Authors: Emmerie A.
Published: September 2010

In this communication the author describes a method for the seperation of lactoflavin and lactoflavin phosphate.

Benzyl alcohol and other aromatic alcohols are used for this separation. The lactoflavin is rapidly extracted from aqueous solutions containing both components by the aromatic alcohol whereas only very small quantities of lactoflavin phosphate are extracted.
Über den Einfluss Kathodischer und Anodischer Polarisation auf die Lösungsgeschwindigkeit der Metalle
Authors: Boonstra B.
Published: September 2010

Obgleich mit der Theorie der Lokalelemente die elektrochemische Natur der Korrosionsvorgänge wohl allgemein anerkannt wurde, liegen systematische Untersuchungen über den Einfluss äusserlicher elektrischer Ströme kaum vor.

Im folgenden wird gezeigt, wie man bei einem in Säure sich lösenden Metall, durch kathodische Polarisation mit bestimmten Stromdichten einen Einblick gewinnt in das Verhältnis der Grösse der wirksamen Lokalkathodenoberfläche zur Grösse der messbaren Gesamtoberfläche, und wie man mittels anodischer und kathodischer Polarisation die den Lösungsvorgang beherrschenden Stromdichte‐Potentialkurven ermitteln kann.
Zur Kenntnis der Metallketyle; die Umsetzung mit Carbonylgruppen
Authors: Oppenauer R.
Published: September 2010

Es wurde gefunden, dass sich Pinakolate, die in Lösung in die sog. Metallketyle dissoziert sind, mit Aldehyden und Ketonen mehr oder weniger leicht auf folgende Weise umsetzen:

magnified image

Die Reaktion kann als Anlagerung der Ketyle an die Carbonyldoppelbindung aufgefasst werden.
A study on the preparation and the physical constants of a number of alkanes andcycloalkanes
Authors: Wibaut J. P. , Hoog H. , Langedijk S. L. , Overhoff J. , Smittenberg J.
Published: September 2010

The following hydrocarbons have been prepared in a very high degree of purity:n‐pentane, 2‐methylbutane,n‐hexane, 2‐methylpentane, 3‐methylpentane, 2,2‐dimethylbutane. 2,3‐dimethylbutane, 2‐methylhexane, 2, 2‐dimethylpentane, 2,3‐dimethylpentane, 2,4‐dimethylpentane, 3,3‐dimethylpentane, 2,2,3‐trimethylbutane,n‐octane, 3‐methylheptane, 2,3‐dimethylhexane, 3,4‐dimethylhexane, 3‐methyl‐3‐ethylpentane, 2,2,3‐trimethylpentane,n‐nonane,n‐hexadecane, ethylcyclobutane,cyclopentane, methylcyclopentane,cyclohexane, methylcyclohexane, isopropylcyclohexane. The methods described are suitable for preparing the pure compounds in quantities of 1 kg or more. For each of the hydrocarbons and also forn‐heptane and 2,2,4‐trimethylpentane we have determined accurate values for the boiling point, melting point, densities at 15° and 20° or at 20° and 25°, refractive indices and molecular refractions at the same temperatures for the wave lengths 6563, 5876, 4861, 4341 Å. We have also recorded accurate values for the surface tension at 20° and for the parachor. The critical solution temperatures with aniline have also been determined.
Über Metallkomplexverbindungen Optisch Aktiver α‐Aminosäuren
Authors: Lifschitz I. , Schouteden F. L. M.
Published: September 2010

Eine Reihe von d‐Glutaminaten und 1‐Asparaginaten zweiwertiger Metalle (Cu, Ni, CoII, Cd, Zn, Mn) wurde dargestellt und polarimetrisch sowie photochemisch untersucht. Die auffallenden Löslichkeitsverhältnisse dieser Salze beruhen auf Hydratations ‐ bezw. Dehydratationsvorgängen Eine cis‐trans‐Isomerie ist nicht nachweisbar. Die Annahme einer totalen (doppelten) Aktivität der Salze zweiwertiger Schwermetalle mit aktiven α‐Aminosäuren ist vorerst unbegründet.
Die Lichtausbeute von Streichhölzern
Authors: van Liempt J. A. M. , de Vriend J. A.
Published: September 2010

Versuche über die Lichtmenge, Blitzzeit und Lichtausbeute von Streichhölzern.
The changes in the X‐ray pattern of the polyfructosane irisin on drying
Authors: Katz J. R. , Fuller C. S.
Published: September 2010

The X‐ray pattern of irisin like that of inulin shows definite Intensity changes when the material is dried. This indicates that the absorption of water is predominantly intermicellar.
Connection between taste and constitution of carboxylic acid hydrazides and their derivatives
Authors: Blanksma J. J. , Bakels H. A.
Published: September 2010

This investigation

Part of dissertation by H. A. Bakels, Leiden, 1938.

deals with the hydrazides of malonic, succinic and citric acids, all three of which are sweet substances, and their derivatives, obtained by condensation with aldehydes and ketones, which are, in general, bitter when they are soluble in water.

Esters of phthalic acid, isophthalic acid and terephthalic acid also have been treated with hydrazine hydrate, and the hydrazides obtained and their condensation products with aldehydes and ketones examined as regards their taste. The action of hydrazines on phthalic anhydride has also been investigated.

We have also examined the hydrazides of some 2‐hydroxymethylbenzoic acids, prepared by opening the lactone ring in phthalide, nitrophthalide and aminophthalide with hydrazine. Finally, we opened the ring in meconine, nitromeconine and aminomeconine, these compounds being derivatives of phthalide containing two methoxy groups. Bitter substances were obtained by condensing these substances with aldehydes and ketones.
Über die Einwirkung von Salpeter‐Schwefelsäure auf 3,6‐Dinitro‐5‐Brompseudocumen: (3 Mitteilung)
Authors: Rinkes I. J.
Published: September 2010

Nachdem ich in der zweiten Mitteilung

I. J. Rinkes, Rec. trav. chim. 58, 218 (1939).

über dieses Thema meinen Befund berichtet hatte, dass die Säure aus dem Nitrat von Huender aus zwei isomeren Säuren besteht, ist es mir jetzt gelungen, das 2,5‐Dimethyl‐3,6‐dinitro‐4‐brombenzylnitrat und das 2,4‐Dimethyl‐3,6‐dinitro‐5‐brombenzylnitrat, ausgehend von Para‐ und Metaxylen, zu synthetisieren und ihre Eigenschaften mit dem Nitrat von Huender zu vergleichen.
Investigation of the volatile constituents of raspberry juice (Rubus idaeus L.)
Authors: Coppens A. , Hoejenbos L.
Published: September 2010

An investigation has been made of the volatile constituents of raspberry juice, i. e. of the substances contributing to the aroma of the fruit.

Several substances have been identified; besides so called fruit ethers viz. ethyl acetate and perhaps caproic esters, other constituents, mainly aromatic, responsible for the heavy part of the raspberry flavour, were found, viz. benzyl alcohol, phenylethyl alcohol, coumarin. Other substances were also identified.
The chlorination of pyridine: Investigations on pyridine and quinoline derivatives 41st. Communication
Authors: Wibaut J. P. , Nicolay J. R.
Published: September 2010

On chlorinating pyridine in the gas phase at 270° a good yield of 2‐chloropyridine is obtained together with a small quantity of 2:6‐dicloropyridine. At 400° the main product is 2:6‐dichloropyridine.

It is shown that among the products produced in the chlorination at 270°, a small amount of a pyridylpyridinium compound must be present, for 2‐aminopyridine is obtained on hydrolysis of the reation product.

Chlorination in the gas phase takes place very slowly at about 200° at this temperature 3:5‐dichloropyridine is obtained together with 3:4:5‐trichloropyridine.

On chlorinating fused pyridine hydrochloride at about 170° a considerable yield of 3:5‐dichloropyridine is produced along with a small amount of 3:4:5‐trichloropyridine and pentachloropyridine.

Thus in the chlorination of pyridine a specific temperature effect on the type of substitution is observed as in the bromination of pyridine. In the chlorination, the temperature limits for both types of substitution lie near together.

2‐Aminopyridine is obtained on heating 2‐chloropyridine with aqueous ammonia and copper sulphate. 2‐Amino‐6chloropyridine is obtaines on heating 2:6‐dichloropyridine with aqueous ammonia.
The influence of an alternating electric field on the rate of coagulation. I. Negative Silver Iodide Sols
Authors: Hermans J. J.
Published: September 2010

Silver iodide sols are coagulated by potassium nitrate. The coagulation is studied by plotting the turbidity of the sol versus the time. The initial slope si of the curves obtained is called rate of coagulation.

§ 1. The properties of the sol and the principal features of the method as described in a previous paper are reviewed briefly.

§ 2. Description of the apparatus.

§ 3. The change of the initial slope si with the concentration c of the sol is studied in more detail than before. At high electrolytic concentration x the coagulation rate si is proportional to c2. At lower concentrations of the KNO3, si becomes almost proportional to c. It is shown that the value of p in Paine's relation: si = AxP is necessarily dependent of the solconcentration c.

§ 4. The increase in coagulation rate in the presence of an electric field is shown to be very similar to that in the presence of a sonic field.

§ 5. The influence of the field strength F is proportional to Fn, where n is very nearly 4. Changing the frequency from 50 to 400 sec−1 has no appreciable effect.

§ 6. Comparing the influence of the sonic field with that of the electric field, it seems probable that the distortion of the double layer plays an important part in the phenomena described. This further leads to suggest that the influence of a sonic field of energy E is proportional to E2.