bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Engaging Local Knowledge on Wild Honeybees Toward Sustainable Livelihood and Ecological Conservation in the Cordillera Region, Philippines
Authors: Kibiten Gaston P. , Ao-wat Milagros K.
Published: December 2024

The local knowledge and practices pertaining to wild honeybees in the Philippines are underreported and barely harnessed for development initiatives. This study documents the system of knowledge and practices on wild honeybees of the Cordillera indigenous peoples in Northern Luzon, with the end-goal of tapping into their potentials for sustainable livelihood and ecological management. Based mainly on ethnographic data from wild honey gatherers and maintainers, the findings report on four types of honey-producing wild bees that are exploited in the region, including their physical characteristics, habitat, and nesting and foraging behaviors. Likewise discussed are the practices involved in the hunting or managing of wild honeybee colonies and the harnessing of their by-products. Finally, several issues as well as potential areas for development are identified. Attending to these holds promise for sustaining the traditional economic engagement with wild honeybees while abetting ecological conservation in the region.
Map-Matching Algorithm Based on Hidden Markov and Constraint Value Pruning
Authors: Mei Bai , Yujing Niu , Chunye Li , Xite Wang , Qian Ma , Guanyu Li
Published: December 2024

Map matching is the process of matching global positioning system (GPS) trajectory data with map data. Its purpose is to determine the actual route of the moving object. Because of factors such as positioning devices and the environment, the GPS trajectory data obtained may not be accurate. In location-based services, map matching can be used to address the accuracy and reliability issues of GPS location data. There are currently many map-matching algorithms, for example, spatio-temporal-based (STD) matching algorithm, improved interactive voting-based map-matching (IIVMM) algorithm, and turning-point-based (TPB) offline map-matching algorithm, but existing algorithms have some shortcomings, such as low matching accuracy on complex roads or low sampling rates, and routing calculation time bottlenecks. Therefore, this paper proposes a fast matching algorithm based on constrained value pruning that is suitable for complex roads. The algorithm considers the multi-directional features within the road and uses secondary calculations to determine candidate points, improving the accuracy of candidate point selection. Additionally, two pruning strategies based on constrained values are introduced to reduce the majority of the routing calculation process and improve the matching efficiency. Finally, comparative experiments are conducted on a real trajectory dataset. The results show that, compared with STD, IIVMM, and TPB algorithms, the algorithm accuracy is improved by about 2% to 4%, and the running time is reduced by about 30%.
Hesperidin ameliorates thioacetamide-induced liver fibrosis via antioxidative and anti-inflammatory mechanisms targeting TGF-β/α-SMA pathways in rats
Authors: Megahed Aya , Gadalla Hossam , Filimban Waheed A , Albukhari Talat A , Sembawa Hatem , Bagadood Rehab M , Sindi Ghadir , Abdelhamid Fatma M , El-Boshy Mohamed E , Risha Engy F
Published: December 2024

Our study intended to explore Hesp antioxidant and anti-inflammatory effects against TAA hepatic fibrosis in rats. Hesperidin (Hesp), is a pharmacologically active flavonoid, found abundantly in citrus species. Our present research attempts to inspect the potential hepatoprotective role of Hesp against thioacetamide (TAA)-induced hepatic fibrosis. Thirty-two male albino rats were split up into four equal groups, each with eight rats: Cont group was treated with ip saline. Every other day, the TAA group was injected 100 mg/kg BW ip TAA, Hesp group received every day oral Hesp 200 mg/kg BW as well as TAA + Hesp group received both therapies (TAA, Hesp) for eight successive weeks. Hesp in TAA treated group reduces ALT, AST, and ALP activities, total, direct bilirubin, total cholesterol, and triglycerides, meanwhile TP, Alb, globulin, A/G ratio levels were insignificantly differed. The antioxidant capacity of Hesp was pronounced by a marked reduction in MDA level. While the antioxidant markers (SOD, CAT, GSH) were insignificantly changed after Hesp treatment. A strong significant correlation in treated rats between fibrosis score and CD34 and FGF23 gene expression. Liver sections from dual-treated rats showed a moderately decreased hepatic lesion and the dense, bluish-stained fibrous tissue by Masson’s trichrome. Elevated gene expressions of CD34 and FGF23 after TAA hepatotoxicity were diminished by the antifibrotic effect of Hesp. Also, immunohistochemical expression showed reduction of TGF-β and α-SMA in hepatocytes in the dual therapy group. Hesp possesses a potent antioxidant, and antifibrotic activities against TAA induced hepatic fibrosis by modulating TGF-β/α-SMA pathways.
EXPRESS: Generative AI in Marketing and Principles for Ethical Design and Deployment
Authors: Hermann Erik , Puntoni Stefano
Published: December 2024

Generative AI (GenAI) is breaking new ground in emulating human capabilities, and content generation may only be the beginning. In our work, we systematize and illustrate promising areas of application of GenAI in marketing. We lay out a conceptual framework along two dimensions: a) GenAI impact (i.e., human enhancement, human replacement), and b) the marketing cycle stage (i.e., marketing research, marketing strategy formulation, marketing actions related to the marketing mix instruments). Based on the AI ethics literature, we then introduce a set of principles (i.e., ASSURANCE: Autonomy, Security, SUstainability, Representativeness, Accountability, Non-biasedness and non-discrimination Crediting, Empowerment) to enable marketers to address the risks and challenges of GenAI and thereby achieve beneficial outcomes for companies, consumers, and society at large. Finally, we delineate the public policy implications for each principle and illustrate avenues for future research.
Geometric generation and meshing characteristics analysis of a new S-shaped gear drive
Authors: Liang Dong , Sun Qunlong , Liu Yun , Hu Hanbao , Wu Yukang
Published: December 2024

A new type of S-shaped gear drive with a tooth profile combining involute and circular-arc curves is proposed in this paper. Tooth profile design includes convex involute, convex circular-arc, concave involute, and concave circular-arc curves is carried out. Geometric generation and mathematical model of tooth surfaces of the S-shaped gear are established based on imaginary rack method. Utilizing Hertz contact theory, the calculation formula of contact stress of tooth surfaces is provided. Furthermore, simulation analysis of contact stress based on finite element method under various working conditions is studied using ANSYS/Workbench software. And the comparisons of stress results with general involute gear are also provided. Dynamic characteristics analysis of the generated tooth surfaces is put forward using the established virtual prototype. Normal contact force, circumferential force, axial force and radial force of tooth surfaces both S-shaped gear and involute gear are analyzed. Research results show that the developed S-shaped gear has better transmission performance than involute gear. Further study on dynamic analysis and manufacturing method will be carried out.
Youth cultural practices as modes of time work: Chilling as rescheduling everyday life
Authors: Mengilli Yağmur
Published: December 2024

The phenomenon of young people reclaiming their time by rejecting traditional expectations associated with specific roles and engaging in activities that are socially addressed to be devoid of purpose, such as hanging out and chilling, is complex and multifaceted. It encompasses a range of meanings and is not simply what others call a waste of time. While many adults consider this phenomenon as wasting time by “doing nothing” or something that can be done after fulfilling the student role, young people employ these terms to refer to activities such as socializing, engaging in leisure, or taking me time. In Germany, young people have increasingly referred to hanging out as chilling in recent decades. This paper starts from the assumption that social acceleration, including temporalization of time and daily life to ensure social synchronization and coordinated actions, is an important trend in contemporary societies. Against this background, the article aims to ascertain the extent to which chilling represents a youth cultural expression of “time work” insofar as young people demonstrate the agency to negotiate the complexities of life, particularly in how they perceive and interpret time, simply by chilling. The concept of time work offers a crucial lens for understanding the temporal experiences connected to chilling, particularly in relation to how young people grow up and navigate life's uncertainties. Thus, rather than a moment of doing nothing, this article contends that chilling is a central temporal experience during the youth phase as a form of “time work.” Accordingly, chilling should be seen as a youth cultural response to the decelerating demands of the youth phase; it offers the means by which young people regain structural control over their biographical time with peers.
The geographies and geopolitics of industrial policy: Designing a data-driven UK semiconductor strategy
Authors: Rolf Steve , Baines Joseph , Germann Julian , Starrs Sean
Published: December 2024

Industrial policy is witnessing a global resurgence. We propose that well-designed industrial policy must consider an industry’s regional structures, global linkages, and (variegated) exposures to geopolitical dynamics. In 2023, the UK government published a National Semiconductor Strategy. The National Semiconductor Strategy aims to grow this high-value sector, mitigate supply chain disruptions and protect national security. However, the strategy relies on an incomplete portrait of the industry’s regional geography, global integration and geopolitical exposures. Using newly available commercial data, this commentary examines 61 leading UK semiconductor firms to offer a far more comprehensive mapping of the UK’s semiconductor ecosystem than the National Semiconductor Strategy. Our analysis reveals overlooked aspects of the UK semiconductor industry. The Midlands and North West emerge as potentially under-recognised semiconductor hubs, with a significant workforce and revenue share. Heavy reliance on US suppliers, customers and investors creates vulnerabilities not addressed in the current strategy. Strong European ties exist, but Brexit-related trade barriers may harm UK firms. Last, we detect a subtle, though probably uncoordinated, pattern of Chinese investment in the sector that could expose UK firms to growing US-China tensions. We recommend that the new UK government take four steps. First, revise the National Semiconductor Strategy based on an up-to-date and systematic survey of the industry’s global linkages. Second, it will enhance its supply chain resilience strategy to address geopolitical risk and Brexit-related frictions. Third, track foreign investment patterns in high technology sectors especially regarding incremental changes in Chinese ownership. Fourth, to do so on the basis of close attention to regional clustering dynamics.
Delegation Versus Control Mechanism: Impacts on Second-Hand Markets With Product Upgrades
Authors: Srivastava Abhishek , Choi Tsan-Ming , Shkula Shipra , Devi Yashoda
Published: December 2024

The second-hand market (SM) trades used products from the reverse channel. In practice, manufacturers such as Apple Inc. collect used products and sell refurbished products in the SM. However, third-party firms (TPFs) such as Gazelle independently manage the SM. Alternatively, the manufacturer may delegate the responsibility of managing the SM to a TPF under a contract or choose to operate in the SM with a TPF serving as a competitor. The optimal strategy to manage the SM is an important operations issue for the manufacturer as well as the TPF. This decision becomes even more critical when the manufacturer plans to sell the upgraded version, markdown version, and remanufactured version of the product concurrently. In the presence of product competition, SM selling can affect the prices and sales of the markdown product as well as the upgraded product. Therefore, in this study, we analyze impacts of the manufacturer’s choice of delegation. Our analytical findings reveal that the SM selling strongly influences the equilibrium price and the demand for the markdown product offered by the manufacturer under all the mechanisms. However, demand cannibalization of the markdown product is most severe under the delegation mechanism. Additionally, we counter-intuitively reveal that the manufacturer is better-off under the delegation mechanism when the sales commission is low and remanufacturing cost is high. In fact, the delegation mechanism is found to be the most profitable arrangement for the manufacturer as well as the TPF. Interestingly, demand for the upgraded version product remains unaffected by SM sales under the independent TPF mechanism, allowing the manufacturer to launch the upgraded version product without any fear of demand cannibalization. Furthermore, we discover that consumers secure the maximum surplus under the competitive scenario owing to intense price competitiveness. For robustness checking, we further extend our model to consider the cases with variable remanufacturing cost, differential emission cost, environmental cost, and collection rate of used product.
A Review of the Knops Blood Group System
Authors: Ma Xiaohui , Zhao Zhen , Zhang Yan , Li Lingbo , Zhong Jing
Published: December 2024

The Knops blood group system is an independent blood group system recognized by International Society of Blood Transfusion (ISBT) in 1992, and latest time consisting of 13 antigens carried on a glycoprotein of 2489 amino acids and called the Complement C3b/C4b Receptor 1 (CR1). Erythrocyte KN antigen was first reported in 1970, and CR1 is a protein coding gene that is a member of the receptors of complement activation (RCA) family and is located in the “cluster RCA” region of chromosome 1. CR1 is an important participant in the erythrocyte immune machinery and plays an major role in inhibiting complement activation, and polymorphisms in its expression have been closely associated with a variety of diseases, including systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE), malaria, Plasmodium falciparum malaria, Alzheimer's disease (AD) and leprosy. Antibodies to the Knops system usually do not bind to complement and do not cause a hemolytic reaction. However, anti-Knops antibodies can be detected in the serum of some pregnant women. Generally, however, they only test positive by direct antiglobulin test (DAT) and most of them do not cause hemolytic disease of the newborn (HDN). This article is a review of the progress of the Knops blood group system.
Study on corrugation distribution in metro ramps of curved tracks based on wheel-rail stick-slip characteristics
Authors: Lei Zhenyu , Wang Ziyu , Wang Zhiqiang
Published: December 2024

It is found that the distribution of corrugation of curved tracks is influenced by ramps: uphill sections have significant corrugation in high rail; downhill sections have more severe corrugation in low rail. To clarify this phenomenon, a vehicle-track rigid-flexible coupling model is developed from the perspective of stick-slip theory to calculate the saturation rate and the overall dispersion rate of adhesion coefficient; a wheel-rail coupling finite element model is developed to perform modal analysis for determining the wavelength fixation condition of ramp corrugation. The results show that: the adhesion coefficient of high rail is close to saturation while that of low rail is small in uphill sections, so high rail is more prone to stick-slip motion further developing into corrugation; the adhesion coefficients of low rail and high rail in downhill sections are close to saturation, so both of them are susceptible to stick-slip motion, and repeated so will induce uneven wear and under the influence of rail irregularity, stick-slip vibration intensity of low rail is more severe and corrugation develops more rapidly. Wheel-rail coupling vibration modes in the range of characteristic frequency of corrugation may provide wavelength fixation condition for the development of corrugation. The parameter analysis shows that: a large uphill gradient will further increase the probability of stick-slip motion in high rail, and a large downhill gradient will sharply increase the probability of stick-slip motion but slow down the rate of development of corrugation in low rail, which, however, will still rapid than that of high rail. For the field study line, slow application of braking/traction force is favorable for ramp corrugation control. The vertical stiffness of fasteners of 40 MN/m is detrimental to corrugation control. The high vertical damping of fasteners has a weak effect on corrugation suppression. Proper deficient super-elevation can alleviate corrugation.
Is Stopping of Testosterone-Lowering Medication in Men Convicted of Sexual Offenses Associated With an Increase in Recidivism Risk?
Authors: Wolba Jochen , Turner Daniel , Briken Peer , Freese Roland , Retz Wolfgang , Tozdan Safiye
Published: December 2024

There is some evidence that testosterone-lowering medications (TLM) may be an effective treatment for men convicted of sexual offenses by attenuating paraphilic sexual fantasies and behaviors and reducing the recidivism risk. To date, however, only little is known about the effects of TLM stopping on risk-relevant aspects. Therefore, the current study aimed at examining the recidivism risk as measured by Stable-2007 as well as official records of reoffenses in 29 men having stopped TLM treatment as compared to 37 men with ongoing TLM treatment. The Stable-2007 was rated retrospectively at 4 time points: committal to forensic treatment (T1), starting (T2) and stopping of TLM treatment (T3), and at reporting date (T4). There was a significant decrease in Stable-2007 scores over time, but there were no significant group differences. Within the stopped-TLM group, there were no significant differences between T3 and T4, implying that the recidivism risk remained stable over an average observation period of 4.5 years after TLM stopping. In addition, there was no significant difference in actual reoffending rates between the groups. For sexual reoffending, the percentages were 17.2% for the stopped-TLM group and 10.8% for the ongoing-TLM group. However, although the current results suggest that there is at least no increase in risk assessment (i.e., Stable-2007) after having stopped TLM, the actual reoffending rates of both groups were higher than expected. This once again demonstrates that TLM stopping decisions remain very difficult to make. Further studies are urgently needed to draw clearer conclusions.
Design, methodology, and early findings of an autism registry program: ABBILAR project
Authors: Shahrokhi Hassan , Malek Ayyoub , Norouzi Sanaz , Amiri Shahrokh , Noorazar Seyed Gholamreza , Heidarabadi Seifollah , Bahari Gharehgoz Ali , Dastgiri Saeed , Zali Mahsa , Gholipour Kamal , Barzegar Mohammad , Shahrokhi Raha , Broumand Sahand , Iezadi Shabnam
Published: December 2024

This study aims to outline the establishment of an autism registry program in the East Azerbaijan province of Iran, delineate its components, present the initial descriptive analysis results of the registered cases, and outline potential opportunities for further utilization of registry data. The children and adolescents of age ⩽18 years, who met the Fourth Edition of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders or Fifth Edition of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders criteria for autism spectrum disorder, were eligible for inclusion in the autism spectrum disorder registry program. A total of 1120 cases were registered from January 2015 to December 2023. The majority of the participants were male (81.60%), diagnosed with autism spectrum disorder between the ages of 3 and 7 years (41.90%), born through cesarean delivery (73.56%), and received their primary diagnosis from a psychiatrist (85.49%). According to the Fourth Edition of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders criteria, approximately 83% of the cases were diagnosed with autistic disorder, 3% with Asperger’s disorder, and 13% with pervasive developmental disorder not otherwise specified. The autism spectrum disorder registry has the potential to contribute significantly to the development of effective policies for diagnosis and treatment services. By linking children’s clinical and treatment data, it can help shape healthcare policies and services on a broader scale.

Lay abstract

The autism spectrum disorder (ASD) registry program presents a unique opportunity to facilitate advanced research in various aspects of ASD, particularly in low-resource countries like Iran. Given the international significance of autism research, registry programs play a critical role in data sharing. ASD registry programs have been effectively established in high-income countries over a few decades; however, there are limited examples from low- and middle-income countries. This study presents a firsthand description of the design and primary findings of a 9-year established ASD registry program from the northwest of Iran. It elucidates the program’s feasibility for other low-income settings, providing valuable insights for researchers and policymakers.
Wh-questions in the grammar of heritage Egyptian speakers
Authors: Albirini Abdulkafi , Benmamoun Elabbas
Published: December 2024

Aims and objectives:

Despite the growth in research on heritage grammars, very few studies focused on heritage speakers’ knowledge of the syntax of wh-questions. This paper examines heritage Egyptian speakers’ knowledge of wh-questions in their L1 with particular focus on their knowledge of (1) the four main strategies of wh-question formation (three movement strategies and one in situ strategy) and (2) the unmarkedness of the in situ strategy compared to the movement strategy.

Design:

This study implements a cross-sectional design comparing an experimental group (30 heritage Egyptian speakers) and a control group (22 native Egyptian speakers) with respect to the issues under investigation.

Data and analysis:

Besides a proficiency measure and a background questionnaire, the participants completed three tasks: an elicited oral production task, an acceptability judgment task, and a preference task. The data from the oral production task were transcribed verbatim and coded in an Excel sheet. The data from the other two tasks were coded in two separate Excel sheets. Descriptive and inferential statistics were used to describe and analyze the data from the three tasks.

Findings:

Heritage speakers had robust knowledge of the core aspects of wh-questions, including word order, strategies of wh-question formation, and resumption. They also realize the difference between marked and unmarked forms and often opt for the unmarked in situ strategy. However, they diverge from the controls in errors and patterns that mostly reflect transfer effects from their dominant L2 (English).

Originality:

This study is the first to explore wh-questions in heritage Arabic. Although very few studies focused on wh-questions in other languages, most of the issues examined here are unique because Egyptian Arabic deploys multiple strategies in constructing wh-questions.

Implications:

The findings corroborate the hypothesis that the core aspects of syntax are less susceptible to language loss. The results also demonstrate that heritage grammar is unique as it diverges from the grammar of L1 speakers in significant respects.
Enhanced mechanical properties of epoxy and furfuryl amine functionalized silica nanocomposites
Authors: Gautam Babloo Roy , Khan Nazrul Islam
Published: December 2024

In this work, the effect of epoxy and furfuryl amine functionalization of silica-nanoparticles on the mechanical behaviour such as tensile and flexural properties of the anhydride epoxy nanocomposites have been investigated. The sol-gel technique has been used to synthesize silica nanoparticles, followed by grafting with Epichlorohydrin (EPR) and Furfuryl amine (FA). The effect of filler loading in the epoxy nanocomposites was also studied by changing the weight percentage to 0.5, 1, and 2%. FTIR, FESEM, and TGA analyses were performed to confirm the molecular architecture, surface morphology, and thermal degradation behaviour of the functionalized nanoparticles. Tensile and flexural tests were performed to study the mechanical behaviour of the epoxy nanocomposites. The mechanical properties of the nanocomposites were found to be significantly enhanced for all the variations of nanocomposites at a filler loading of 0.5 wt.%. The maximum tensile strength and strain were improved by ∼67% and ∼71%, respectively, in the case of the control sample at 0.5 wt.% of FA functionalized nanofiller. Flexural strength, strain, and work of fracture have been enhanced by ∼81%, ∼34%, and ∼82%, respectively with respect to control sample. These improvements are related to the better interfacial adhesion between functionalized nanofiller and epoxy matrix through the covalent reaction of furfuryl amine and anhydride functional groups of the matrix system. Thus, FA functionalized silica nanoparticles have the potential to use as an admirable, cost-effective incorporation for epoxy to counter the brittle failure of the epoxy matrix.
Towards carbon-neutral construction: Integrating BIM and energy analysis for sustainable design decision-making
Authors: Ozcan-Deniz Gulbin , Rodovalho Sarah
Published: December 2024

The growing concerns over the high energy consumption of buildings challenge design and construction parties to grow a deeper understanding of sustainable design practices and carbon footprint reduction in construction. With emerging technologies such as Building Information Modeling (BIM) and its associated tools, it is now possible to analyze various design models and decide on their implications on environmental impacts such as carbon dioxide (CO2) emissions. Although these tools are effective in estimating carbon emissions in the project’s design stages, working with several material alternatives throughout the project’s life cycle requires further comprehension of how CO2 emissions can be diminished with sustainable design decisions. This study presents a comprehensive two-step analysis linking BIM and energy analysis software to compare the impact of conventional versus sustainable design parameters and their implications on CO2 emissions. The proposed framework includes simulating the energy consumption of commercial building case studies. Using BIM and energy analysis software, design parameters are evaluated from an energy use intensity (EUI) perspective. The implications of using the conventional versus sustainable design are reflected in a range of CO2 emissions. The second part of the methodology includes a life cycle assessment (LCA) of the real-world case studies with and without sustainable design implications. This methodology will help designers identify the intensity of their design decisions on energy use and carbon emissions throughout the building life cycle. The seamless and user-friendly application of this framework will help design parties expedite decisions during the first stages of their projects.
Exploring Consequential Nonformal Programs Promoting Democratic Citizenship Education in Germany
Authors: Reinsburrow Amanda , Struloeff Katrina , Lee Vera J. , Levine Bruce , Saal Leah Katherine , Hanna Casey
Published: December 2024

This study investigated the efforts of four consequential German nonformal educational organizations serving youth to better understand how they designed transformative learning programs for democratic citizenship. This work expands work on transformative learning as a metatheory by operationalizing the programmatic design for transformative learning for democratic citizenship outcomes through Gee’s Good Games framework. Using semi-structured interviews with experts, organizational documents, and research reports, we examined and compared four case studies of programmatic design for transformative learning of democratic citizenship. After completing a cross-case analysis of the programs using Gee’s framework, the findings revealed that each case focused on designing learning environments and experiences in the context of democratic citizenship where interaction, agency, production, and situated meanings were fostered. The study offers implications for how programs and educators can promote transformative learning for democratic citizenship through programs designed for effective utilization of games, play, athletics, virtual/augmented reality, and/or other immersive experiences.
Applying the Lanchester equations to model conflicts involving tunnels
Authors: Schold Jacques L , Mittal Vikram
Published: December 2024

Tunnels have become a significant factor in modern warfare, providing concealment, protection, and strategic advantages to combatants. The use of tunnels complicates warfare, making it challenging for military planners to analyze operations involving extensive tunnel networks. The study introduces a technique that uses a modified form of the Lanchester equations to model scenarios where one army is significantly leveraging tunnels. This technique uses agent-based combat models to estimate the attrition coefficients required for the model. A case study of the Gaza conflict is presented, where Israel confronts Hamas, a group extensively using tunnels. In this scenario, Israeli forces engage Hamas fighters in urban areas, discover a tunnel network, and proceed to clear the tunnel. Despite Israel’s numerical superiority, which ultimately allows them to win the conflict, the use of tunnels enabled Hamas to inflict considerably more damage. This case study underscores the substantial impact of tunnel warfare on conflict dynamics. The technique presented in this study also provides valuable insights into the operational and strategic effects of tunnels in contemporary military engagements.
Exploring robotic advances, applications, and challenges in neuroendovascular surgery: A scoping review of the CorPath GRX system
Authors: Gomez-Paz Santiago , King Patrick , Gomez Alwyn , Grandhi Ramesh
Published: December 2024

Background

The integration of robotics into neuroendovascular surgery has the potential to revolutionize the field by enhancing precision, reducing procedure-related risks, and improving patient outcomes. The CorPath GRX system represents a significant advancement in this domain. In this systematically conducted scoping review, we explore the current applications, advances, and challenges associated with robot-assisted neuroendovascular surgery.

Methods

A comprehensive literature search was conducted across PubMed, Scopus, Embase, and Web of Science, covering publications from January 2015 to December 2024. Relevant data were extracted from studies involving human subjects and reporting the use of robotic guidance with the CorPath GRX system for neuroendovascular procedures for review and discussion.

Results

We identified 14 studies with a total of 336 patients who underwent robot-assisted neuroendovascular procedures, including both diagnostic (48.2%) and therapeutic (51.8%) applications. Among the therapeutic interventions, 140 patients were treated for hemorrhagic pathology, including 128 procedures for unruptured intracranial aneurysms and 12 for ruptured aneurysms. These procedures primarily involved stent-assisted coiling or flow diversion therapy. Additionally, 34 patients were treated for ischemic pathology, primarily carotid artery stenosis, involving balloon angioplasty and stent placement. A tumor was addressed in 1 intervention via coil embolization of tumor feeders, showcasing the versatility of robot-assisted interventions. Technical success rates were high across the studies, with most procedures achieving 100% success. Manual conversions were for device malfunctions or anatomical challenges. Complications reports varied, with some studies detailing specific device malfunctions and others providing less specific accounts.

Conclusions

Overall, the CorPath GRX system demonstrated high feasibility and safety for neuroendovascular procedures, indicating significant potential benefits, particularly if integrated into telemedicine practices. The CorPath GRX system shows promise in facilitating precise and safe neuroendovascular procedures. Current evidence highlights a wide range of benefits; however, further research is needed to investigate long-term outcomes and other potential areas of impact.
Deliberate search for analogous cases aids the retrieval and transfer of suboptimally-encoded memory items
Authors: Trench Maximo , Martínez Frontera Laura , Rivas Leandro E
Published: December 2024

Even though spontaneous retrieval of analogous cases lacking surface similarity with a target situation typically requires achieving an abstract representation of the target situation, recent studies on analogical argumentation suggest that the deliberate disposition to search for analogous cases in long-term memory (LTM) suffices to increase cross-domain retrieval significantly. However, a limitation of these studies concerns the impossibility to determine whether the analogous situations reported were invented rather than retrieved, and whether there were instances of analogical retrieval that were not reflected in participants’ arguments. To overcome these shortcomings, Experiment 1 resorted to a traditional transfer paradigm where a base analogue is learned prior to the presentation of the target situation during a contextually-separated phase. Results confirmed that an explicit indication to base persuasive arguments on analogous situations increases distant retrieval as compared to a baseline condition where the instruction to generate persuasive arguments did not include an indication to think of analogous cases. Experiment 2 generalised the retrieval advantage of voluntary search to the activity of generating explanatory hypotheses for a counterintuitive phenomenon, a more prototypical variety of knowledge transfer that has been somewhat overlooked within analogy research. The theoretical and educational implications of the present findings are discussed.
Eight weeks of plyometric training improved the change of direction abilities of adolescent basketball players
Authors: Yang Chen
Published: December 2024

The effectiveness of plyometric training in adolescent basketball players has not been fully elaborated, especially its effect on enhancing change of direction abilities. Thirty male adolescent basketball players were divided into plyometric and resistance training groups for an 8-week training period. The improvement in change of direction abilities before and after the training was assessed using the Lane Agility Drill test. Motion capture system, force platforms, and electromyography were utilized to investigate the characteristics of lower limb kinematic and kinetic features before and after training. At post-test, the Lane Agility Drill finish time for the plyometric group was significantly less than that of the resistance training group ( P < 0.05, Cohen's d = 0.551), and the post-test Lane Agility Drill finish time for the plyometric group was significantly less than their pre-test time ( P < 0.05, Cohen's d = 0.746). At post-test, the plyometric training group showed greater increases in peak impulse ( P < 0.05, Cohen's d = 0.464), peak power ( P < 0.05, Cohen's d = 0.684) compared to resistance training group. The study's conclusion indicates that compared to resistance training, plyometric training more significantly enhances athletes’ change of direction abilities. This improvement is attributed to the superior transfer of strength and explosive power gains acquired during training. Additionally, plyometric training optimizes energy utilization and production during jumping and running.
How the Diabetes Research Hub Will Modernize and Enhance Diabetes Data Utilization
Authors: Ayers Alessandra T. , Ho Cindy N. , Friedman Emma , Espinoza Juan , Shah Shahid N. , Klonoff David C.
Published: December 2024

The Diabetes Research Hub (DRH) is a centralized data management system and repository that will revolutionize how diabetes data are gathered, stored, analyzed, and utilized for research. By harnessing advanced analytics for large datasets, the DRH will support a nuanced understanding of physiological patterns and treatment effectiveness, ultimately advancing diabetes management and patient outcomes. This is an opportune time for researchers who are collecting continuous glucose data and related physiological data sources, to leverage the capabilities of the DRH to enhance the value of their data.
“Cerebral Edema Leading to Subfalcine and Uncal Herniation in a Patient With Retinal Vasculopathy With Cerebral Leukoencephalopathy and Systemic Manifestations”
Authors: Hughes Parker , Lu Liang , Shi Michael , Syed Danial
Published: December 2024

Deterioration of a patient’s state of consciousness is among the most concerning signs encountered in clinical practice. The evaluation of this finding carries a broad initial differential diagnosis and must account for any relevant medical history. We describe the case of a 41-year-old male with known retinal vasculopathy with cerebral leukoencephalopathy and systemic manifestations (RVCL-S) who presented with progressive mental status decline and acute onset intractable headache. Head computed tomography (CT) revealed extensive vasogenic edema, resulting in right to left shift of 11 millimeters at the level of the lateral ventricles, with associated uncal and subfalcine herniation. He was treated with a 5-day course of methylprednisolone, leading to resolution of his lethargy and headache. Follow up neuroimaging with magnetic resonance (MRI) brain demonstrated interval improvement with the midline shift reduced to 3 millimeters after completion of high dose corticosteroids. Neurosurgical intervention was considered, but ultimately not required given his improvement. This case describes the management of life-threatening cerebral edema as a complication of RVCL-S disease progression. Due to the rarity of this disease, there are no standardized guidelines for treatment and the care for such patients relies on expert opinion, case studies, and extrapolation of principles learned from related conditions. Our intention is that the reporting of this case will contribute to the limited body of literature and aid those affected by this condition.
3D bioprinting of the airways and lungs for applications in tissue engineering and in vitro models
Authors: Zhang Yanning , Liu Yujian , Shu Chen , Shen Yang , Li Mengchao , Ma Nan , Zhao Jinbo
Published: December 2024

Tissue engineering and in vitro modeling of the airways and lungs in the respiratory system are of substantial research and clinical importance. In vitro airway and lung models aim to improve treatment options for airway and lung repair and advance respiratory pathophysiological research. The construction of biomimetic native airways and lungs with tissue-specific biological, mechanical, and configurable features remains challenging. Bioprinting, an emerging 3D printing technology, is promising for the development of airway, lung, and disease models, allowing the incorporation of cells and biologically active molecules into printed constructs in a precise and reproducible manner to recreate the airways, lung architecture, and in vitro microenvironment. Herein, we present a review of airway and lung bioprinting for applications in tissue engineering and in vitro modeling. The key pathophysiological characteristics of the airway, lung interstitium, and alveoli are described. The bioinks recently used in 3D bioprinting of the airways and lungs are summarized. Furthermore, we propose a bioink categorization based on the structural characteristics of the lungs and airways. Finally, the challenges and opportunities in the research on biofabrication of airways and lungs are discussed.
Successful surgical treatment of left main coronary stenosis with CABG and cardiac resynchronization therapy in a patient after the modified Bentall procedure: A case report
Authors: Kono Tetsuya , Tsukioka Katsuaki , Matsumura Yu , Naito Kazuki , Takano Tomohiro
Published: December 2024

We present a case of an 82-year-old woman who developed sustained heart failure with left ventricular dyssynchrony after the modified Bentall procedure. Persistent circulatory instability and complete atrioventricular block suggested coronary artery stenosis. Multidetector computed tomography revealed stenosis of the grafted portion of the coronary artery. The patient was successfully treated by coronary artery bypass grafting with simultaneous epicardial cardiac resynchronization therapy system implantation.
Evaluating Machine Learning for Predicting Youth Suicidal Behavior up to 1 Year After Contact With Mental-Health Specialty Care
Authors: O’Reilly Lauren M. , Fazel Seena , Rickert Martin E. , Kuja-Halkola Ralf , Cederlöf Martin , Hellner Clara , Larsson Henrik , Lichtenstein Paul , D’Onofrio Brian M.
Published: December 2024

In this article, we assessed the performance of several predictive modeling algorithms of suicide attempt resulting in inpatient hospitalization or suicide among youths ages 9 to 18 ( N = 34,528) after contact (6–12 months) with a mental-health specialist in Stockholm, Sweden, from 2006 to 2012. Using 209 predictors across domains (e.g., clinical, demographic, family, neighborhood, social) identified from national registers, we applied standard logistic regression, regularized logistic regression, and machine-learning algorithms (i.e., random forests, gradient boosting, support vector machines). Standard logistic regression (area under the receiver operating characteristic curve [AUC] = 0.77, 95% confidence interval [CI] = [0.72, 0.82]) and random-forest models (AUC = 0.80, 95% CI = [0.74, 0.86]) demonstrated the highest AUCs. Sensitivities ranged from 0.33 (support vector machines) to 0.91 (standard logistic regression). Although the study was underpowered to detect a difference between logistic regression and machine-learning algorithms (outcome prevalence = 0.7%), performance metrics were similar across models. Logistic regression is not clearly worse than machine-learning approaches. Ongoing research is needed to examine how prediction models can augment clinical decision-making.
Cost-Effectiveness Analyses of Bone Morphogenetic Protein 2 (rhBMP-2) in Spinal Fusion: A Systematic Review
Authors: Nunna Ravi S. , Gruber Maxwell D. , Karuparti Sasidhar , Taylor Zachary , Genovese Sabrina , Jumah Fareed , Godolias Periklis , Tataryn Zachary , Hollern Douglas , Oskouian Rod , Chapman Jens R.
Published: December 2024

Study Design

Systematic Review Study.

Objectives

The objective of this study is to assess the cost-effectiveness and cost-utility of rhBMP-2 in spine surgeries.

Methods

PubMed, MEDLINE, OVID and CENTRAL (Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials) databases were systematically searched for studies reporting the use of rhBMP-2 for spinal procedures in comparison to autograft and/or allograft and alternative graft materials under consideration of cost-effectiveness, cost-benefit, cost minimization, and/or cost-utility analysis. Relevant data points were extracted and compiled. The standardization of the selected studies was graded using the CHEERS criteria.

Results

Of the 88 eligible publications, 17 met the inclusion criteria. Overall, 8 studies showed a favorable cost-analysis profile. Three studies performed cost-consequence analyses, none of which reported positive findings. Among 7 cost-utility analyses and 7 cost-effectiveness analyses, 3 and 5, respectively, reported a likely benefit to the usage of rhBMP-2. The CHEERS scores for the included studies ranged from 15 to 23 out of 24 points, with a median score of 19.

Conclusions

There is no consensus regarding the cost-effectiveness or cost-utility of rhBMP-2 in spinal fusion. rhBMP-2 may function as a cost-effective adjunct in spinal fusion surgeries in select cases.
Evaluation of Pain Relief and Opioid Consumption With the Addition of an Erector Spinae Plane Catheter Block After an Interscalene Nerve Block in Arthroscopic Rotator Cuff Repair
Authors: Hsu Wei-Kuo , Liu Shu-Cheng , Chuang Hao-Chun , Wang Chi-Hsiu , Kuan Fa-Chuan , Hsu Kai-Lan , Su Wei-Ren , Hong Chih-Kai
Published: December 2024

Background:

The effects of the erector spinae plane (ESP) block and interscalene nerve block (ISNB) on arthroscopic rotator cuff repair (RCR) have been investigated separately.

Purpose:

To evaluate whether additional catheterization for the ESP block can decrease acute postoperative pain and opioid consumption above the ISNB and multimodal oral analgesics in patients after arthroscopic RCR.

Study Design:

Cohort study; Level of evidence, 3.

Methods:

Included were patients who underwent primary arthroscopic RCR between January 1 and December 31, 2021, and received either ISNB (ISNB group) or additional ESP block catheterization (ESP block group) as part of their pain management. Patients who underwent concomitant shoulder procedures were excluded. Patient characteristics, surgical details, pre- and postoperative numerical pain rating scale (NPRS) scores, rescue analgesic use, and possible opioid-related side effects were recorded. The primary outcome was the NPRS score immediately after surgery; secondary outcomes included rescue opioid use and opioid-related side effects until patients were discharged the next day. The Mann-Whitney U test or the chi-square test was used for between-group comparisons. Multiple linear regression analysis was conducted to examine predictors for total opioid consumption.

Results:

A total of 54 patients were included—21 in the ISNB group and 33 in the ESP block group. The ESP block group exhibited significantly lower postoperative NPRS scores (2 ± 0.3 vs 3 ± 1.6 for ISNB; P = .003), reduced opioid consumption during hospitalization (0.5 ± 1.3 vs 6.1 ± 8.3 morphine milligram equivalent [MME] for ISNB; P < .001), and fewer opioid-related side effects (0 vs 3 for ISNB; P = .022). Multiple linear regression analysis indicated that the analgesic protocol (β = 5.750; P < .001) and the number of anchors used (β = 1.609; P = .022) were independently correlated with higher opioid consumption. Subgroup analysis revealed that additional ESP block significantly reduced opioid consumption during repairs involving ≥2 tendons (7.6 ± 9 vs 0.5 ± 1.4 MME; P < .001).

Conclusion:

The study findings indicated that additional catheterization for the ESP block reduced postoperative pain, opioid consumption, and opioid-related side effects during the acute postoperative period of arthroscopic RCR when the ISNB and multimodal oral analgesics had already been administered. Future studies are needed to evaluate this treatment protocol.
Developing Creative Teams and Cultures: A Team-Based Exercise
Authors: Shea-Van Fossen Rita J. , Tworoger Leslie Cauthen
Published: December 2024

Organizations have increasingly focused on creativity and innovation processes as a source of competitive advantage and employers desire individuals with creative thinking skills. In teaching about creativity and innovation, instructors will discuss the importance of finding the right individuals, putting together the right team, and creating the right environment for organizations to reach their creative potential, but students do not often understand the challenges in developing creative teams and cultures and how these challenges can influence organizational outcomes. This short exercise uses six common items where students work in teams to develop creative ideas and then evaluate how individual, group, and structural differences influence results. The debrief provides students with an opportunity to better understand how differences in team structures and norms, and organizational culture can influence creative outcomes.