bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
ÇOCUK GELİŞİMİ ÖĞRENCİLERİNİN ÇOCUK SEVME DÜZEYLERİNİN ÇOCUK KATILIMI FARKINDALIĞI DÜZEYLERİNİ YORDAYICI ETKİSİ
Authors: GÜLAY OGELMAN Hülya , GÜNGÖR Hande
Published: June 2021

Küçük çocuklarla çalışan öğretmenlerin, uzmanların, araştırmacıların, çocukları sevmesi ve onların haklarının farkında olup, haklarına saygı duyması gereklidir. Böylece yetişkin-çocuk arasında etkili iletişim kurulabilir ve çocukların gelişimleri desteklenebilir. Bu araştırmada, mezun olduklarında çoğunlukla küçük çocuklar ile çalışan çocuk gelişimi programı öğrencilerinin, çocuk sevme düzeylerinin, çocuk katılımı farkındalığı düzeylerini yordayıcı etkisi incelenmiştir. Araştırmanın çalışma grubu, Pamukkale Üniversitesi’ne bağlı üç meslek yüksekokulunun, çocuk gelişimi programında öğrenimine devam eden 271 birinci sınıf ve 244 ikinci sınıf olmak üzere 515 öğrenciden oluşmuştur. Çalışma grubundaki öğrencilerin neredeyse yarısı meslek liselerinin çocuk gelişimi bölümü mezunudur. Çalışmada, katılımcıların çocuk sevme düzeylerini ölçmek için Çocuk Sevme Ölçeği, çocuk katılımı farkındalık düzeylerini ölçmek için ise Çocuk Katılımı Farkındalık Ölçeği kullanılmıştır. Çocuk Katılımı Farkındalık Ölçeği, Katılımda Dekorasyon, Katılımda Çocuğun Görüşüne Saygı, Katılımda Zorlama, Katılımda Ayrım Gözetmeme ve Katılımda Fizyolojik İhtiyaçlar olmak üzere beş alt ölçekten oluşmaktadır. İlişkisel tarama modelinde gerçekleştirilen araştırmanın sonuçlarına göre çocuk sevme düzeyi, beş çocuk katılımı farkındalığı boyutundan üçünü (Çocuğun Görüşüne Saygı, Katılımda Ayrım Gözetmeme ve Katılımda Fizyolojik İhtiyaçlar) anlamlı biçimde yordamaktayken ikisini (Katılımda Dekarasyon ve Katılımda Zorlama) yordamamaktadır. Araştırma sonuçlarına göre çocuğu sevmenin, onun katılım hakkını da önemsemeyi beraberinde getirebileceği söylenebilir. Başka bir ifade ile çocuk sevgisi, çocukların katılım haklarını önemsemeyi sağlayabilen bir değişken olarak adlandırılabilir. Çalışma kapsamında, ayrıca çocukları sevmenin, demokratik ve başarılı bir eğitmen olmak için önemli bir koşul olduğu söylenebilir.
Sosyobilimsel Konuların Medyada Yer Alma Düzeyi: “Bilim ve Teknik” Dergisi
Authors: ELMALI Şule
Published: June 2021

Toplumu bilgilendirmek dünyada gerçekleşen bilimsel gelişmelerle ilgili farkındalık kazanmalarını sağlamak için kitlesel medya araçları ve dijital medya ortamları yoğun bir şekilde kullanılmaktadır. Popüler bilim dergileri toplum ve bilim arasında bir bağlantı görevi üstlenmektedir. İnsanların eleştirel düşünme ve bilim okuryazarlığı geliştirmesi konusunda ise sosyobilimsel konuların önemli olduğu düşünülmektedir. Bu çalışmada, “Bilim ve Teknik” popüler bilim dergisinde sosyobilimsel konularla ilgili metinlerin düzeyinin ve konu içeriğinin belirlenmesi amaçlanmıştır. Nitel araştırma yöntemlerinden doküman analizi yapılan çalışmada tematik analiz yürütülmüştür. 2019 yılı mayıs ayı ve 2020 yılı mayıs ayları arasında yer alan 13 sayıdaki 288 metinden 82 tanesinin sosyobilimsel konu içerikli olduğu belirlenmiştir. İçeriklerin ise daha çok çevre kirliliği, küresel ısınma ve iklim değişikliği konuları yayınlanırken, yapay zeka ve akıllı teknolojiler konularının da ön planda olduğu belirlenmiştir.
ÖZEL GEREKSİNİMLİ ÖĞRENCİLERİN EĞİTİMİNDE SOSYAL BİLGİLER DERSİNİN YERİ VE ÖNEMİ
Authors: SARILARHAMAMI Hülya , DEMİRKAYA Hilmi
Published: June 2021

Özel eğitim hizmetlerinin temel işlevi özel eğitime ihtiyaç duyan öğrencilerin eğitim ihtiyaçlarını karşılamak amacıyla her öğrenciye özel bireysel eğitim planı hazırlanarak ve bu alan için özel olarak eğitilmiş personellerle eğitim ortamının, müfredatının ve koşulların düzenlenilerek bu öğrencilerin eğitime dahil edilmesini sağlamaktır. Bu amaç özel eğitim sınıfları ve kaynaştırma eğitimi yoluyla hayata geçirilir. Özel eğitimin temel amacı, özel eğitim öğrencisinin toplumsal uyum becerilerini geliştirerek bağımsız yaşam becerileri kazanmasına katkı sağlamayı hedeflemektedir. Özel eğitimin temel varsayımı, özel eğitim sınıfları ve kaynaştırma eğitimi yoluyla, öğrencinin sosyal iletişimini geliştirerek öğrencinin sosyal hayatta kabulünün kolaylaşmasını sağlamak ve aynı zamanda bu öğrencilerin toplumsal entegrasyonunun gerçekleştirilmesidirBu çalışma özel gereksinimli öğrencilerin eğitiminde sosyal bilgiler dersinin yeri ve önemini incelemeyi amaçlamıştır. Bu çalışmada nitel araştırma yöntemi kullanılmış olup aynı zamanda durum çalışmasına uygun olarak tasarlanmıştır. Çalışma 2019-2020 eğitim-öğretim yılında Antalya ilinin Kepez ilçesinde yapılmıştır. Çalışmaya sosyal bilgiler öğretmenleri ve özel eğitim öğretmenlerinden oluşan toplamda 20 öğretmen katılmıştır. Araştırmada veri toplama aracı olarak yarı yapılandırılmış görüşme formu kullanılmıştır. Yapılan araştırma sonucunda verilerin analiziyle elde edilen başlıca sonuçlar; öğretmenlerin büyük kısmı özel eğitim öğrencilerinin soyut kavramları kavramakta iyi olmadıkları, bu öğrencilere yönelik bireysel planlamaların daha dikkatli yapılması yapılması gerektiği, konuların çok uzun tutulduğu ve fazla detay konulara yer verildiği, bireysel ve sosyal gelişimlerini artıracak etkinliklerin artırılması gerektiği, görsel materyallerin daha aktif ve çoğunlukta kullanılması gerektiği ve sosyal bilgiler dersinin içerik bakımından özel gereksinimli öğrencilerin toplumsallaşması üzerinde yadsınamayacak kadar önemli bir etkiye sahip olduğu yönündedir.
Comparison of the chemical composition and bioactive properties of extracts prepared from the mature Turkish and Brazilian banana peels
Authors: OZEN Tevfik , DEMİRTAS İbrahim
Published: June 2021

Meyveler arasında muz (Musa sp.) Dünyadaki tropikal ve subtropikal tarımın temel dayanağıdır. Muzun meyvesi yenir ve kabuğu atılır. Ancak, muz kabuğunun sağlığa olan faydaları, son birkaç on yılda geleneksel tıptaki birçok hastalığın tedavisinde çok dikkat çekti. Literatür, antifungal, antioksidan, antibiyotik ve antidiyabetik gibi muz kabuğunun farmakolojik aktivitelerini bildirmiştir. Bu çalışmada, Brezilya muz kabuğu (Bbp) ve Türk muz kabuğu (Tbp) etil asetat (Ea) ve metanol/kloroform (Me/Ch) ekstrelerinde uçucu bileşikler (38 bileşik), yağ asitleri (15 bileşik) GC-MS ilr ve fenolik bileşenler (37 bileşik) HPLC-TOF/MS ile analiz edildi. Tbp-Ea, Tbp-Me/Ch, Bbp-Ea ve Bbp-Me/Ch ekstrelerinde ceten, palmitik asit linoleik asit stearik asit, 4-hidroksibenzoik asit, gentisik asit, 4-hidroksibenzoik asit ve şiringik acit ortak bileşenler olarak belirlendi. Tbp-Ea, Tbp-Me/Ch, Bbp-Ea ve Bbp-Me/Ch ekstrelerinin antioksidan aktiviteleri genelle kullanılan deneylerden, toplam antioksidan indirgeme güç, lipid peroksidasyon inhibisyonu, metal şelat, serbest radikal ve süperoksit anyonu ve H2O2 temizleme aktiviteleri ile değerlendirildi ve BHT ve EDTA ile karşılaştırıldı. Muz ekstraktlarının in vitro antioksidan aktiviteleri konsantrasyona bağlı olarak artış gösterdi Ekstraktaların aktiviteleri EC50 ve IC50 olarak belirlenerek mg/ml olarak ifade edildi. En etkili EC50 ve IC50 değerleri için en etkili değerler şu şekilde bulundu: Tbp-Ea için toplam antioksidan aktivite (EC50: 36.84 μg/mL), Tbp-Me/Ch için indirgen güç (EC50: 4.96 μg/mL), Bbp-Ea için serbest radikal temizleme aktivitesi (IC50: 8.54 μg/mL), Tbp-Ea için metal şelatlama aktivitesi (IC50: 16.54 μg/mL), Tbp-Me/Ch için H2O2 temizleme aktivitesi (IC50: 0.36 μg/mL) ve Bbp-Ea için lipit peroksidasyonunun inhibisyonu (IC50: 3.22 μg/mL). Tbp ekstraktları E. coli, K. pneumoniae ve E. faecalis bakterilerine karşı etkili olurken, Bbp'nin P. aeruginosa, K. pneumoniae, E. faecalis ve S. aureus bakterilerine karşı etkili olduğu bulunmuştur. Türkiye ve Berizilya' da yetiştirilen muzların kabuk ekstraktlarının fitokimyasal ve biyokimyasal sonuçlarına göre, muz kabuğu atıklarının daha ileri farmakolojik araştırmaların uygulanmasının da mümkün olduğunu düşünüyoruz.
Determination of the Readability Levels of the Texts Related to Biology Topics in the Science Textbook-6
Authors: Gül Şeyda
Published: June 2021

The aim of this study is to examine the readability levels of the texts on the biology units in the science textbook prepared for the sixth grade. This study, which is based on a qualitative approach, was carried out with the method of document analysis. The textbook examined in the study is Middle School and Imam Hatip Middle School Science Textbook 6, which has been used since the 2018-2019 academic year. Regarding biology topics, the textbook includes in two units (Unit-1: Our Body Systems, Unit 2: Our Body Systems and Health). In the study, the learning outcomes of the units were taken as a basis in the selection of the texts to be analyzed in the textbook. In the study, a total of 22 texts were randomly selected by taking into account the learning outcomes in the curriculum. In addition, it has been paid attention that each text contains at least 100 words. Ateşman readability formula was used to determine the readability levels of the selected texts. According to the findings obtained as a result of the analysis, it was determined that the readability level of the texts for unit-2 was medium, while the readability level of the texts for unit-6 was found to be difficult. In the light of the findings, suggestions were made that the textbooks should be prepared in accordance with the student level in terms of readability and that texts consisting of simpler and shorter sentences should be used more.
THE CYPRIOT THEATRE IN THE MIDST OF GLOBAL CRISIS
Authors: Athanasiou-Taki Marina
Published: June 2021

In the 21st century, the era of globalization, the technological advancement and the ongoing migration movements, the global com-munity experiences a deep and multi-dimensional crisis (sociopolitical, financial, and cultural). This paper discusses the impact of these multi-ple aspects of the crisis in the theatre of Cyprus, especially during the second decade of the 21st century. The theatre in the time of crisis seems to suffocate within the traditional frames of dramatic theatre. As a re-sult, a group of young directors, without hesitation, confront and keep up with the new trends observed internationally, thus introducing new theatre forms (devised theatre, site-specific theatre, happenings etc.) in the Cypriot theatrical landscape and seeking to develop a new way of dialogue with the audience. Cypriot theatre today uses methods and approaches (ideological and aesthetic) that renounce fundamental the-atrical conventions of dramatic theatre. This fact allows us to talk about experimentation, as well as about presence of elements of post-dramatic theatre in the country. The making of theatre in the public sphere is now an act of social resistance to local and global events and the first step that may lead to political and social change.
Memaknai Turunnya Skor Indeks Persepsi Korupsi Indonesia Tahun 2020
Authors: Suyatmiko Wawan Heru
Published: June 2021

Korupsi, pandemi, demokrasi dan investasi adalah faktor-faktor yang terefleksi dalam skor Indeks Persepsi Korupsi tahun 2020. Relasi antara penanganan pandemi Covid-19 dengan korupsi; integritas politik dan demokrasi pada proses pembuatan kebijakan hingga pengambilan keputusan politik penting yang berpotensi menghadirkan korupsi politik; sampai dengan risiko korupsi dalam problem kemudahan berusaha selama masa penanganan pandemi Covid-19 dan pemulihan ekonomi yang dalam waktu bersamaan terjadi pemangkasan sejumlah proses bisnis hingga potensi resentralisasi; adalah kelindan yang dipotret dalam Indeks Persepsi Korupsi 2020. Turunnya skor Indeks Persepsi Korupsi Indonesia pada tahun 2020 menjadi 37 menandakan masih jauhnya upaya pemberantasan korupsi di tengah situasi pandemi yang melanda dengan cita-cita dan harapan bersama.
Sistem Pengawasan Dana Otonomi Khsusus Aceh dan Dampaknya terhadap Pemberantasan Korupsi
Authors: Akbar Khairil , Pasha Karim Zahlul , Fadlullah Nyak , Siddiq Armia Muhammad
Published: June 2021

Dana Otonomi Khusus Aceh menjadi sumber korupsi terbesar yang mengantarkan para kepala daerah di Aceh ke dalam penjara. Fakta ini menimbulkan pertanyaan, bagaimana sistem pengawasan DOKA selama ini dilakukan dan apa dampakpaknya terhadap agenda pemberantasan korupsi? Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menjelaskan sistem pengawasan DOKA dan dampaknya terhadap pemberantasan korupsi. Teori yang digunakan adalah teori Check and Balances dan teori Willingness & Oppurtunity. Penelitian ini tergolong ke dalam jenis penelitian kualitatif dengan teknik analisis deskriptif. Temuan utama dalam penelitian menunjukkan bahwa DOKA tidak diawasi secara serius. Hal ini dapat dilihat dengan belum adanya sistem pengawasan khusus dan tidak digunakannya sistem pengawasan yang berlaku secara umum terhadap DOKA. Selain itu belum ada juga lembaga khusus yang memantau proses perencanaan sampai pada tahap pelaksanaan DOKA. Sistem pengawasan semacam itu tidak berdampak bagi pemberantasan korupsi. Perlu perbaikan serius dan evaluasi menyeluruh terhadap penggunaan dan penyaluran DOKA demi terwujudnya kesejahteraan sosial di Aceh.
Multiresidue Method for Analysis of 240 Pesticides in Soils of Tomato Planting by Ultra Performance Liquid Chromatography Coupled to Mass Spectrometry
Authors: Mazzei João Roberto Fortes , Freire Estevão , Serra Eduardo Gonçalves , Macedo José Ronaldo de , Oliveira Angélica Castanheira de , Bastos Lucia Helena Pinto , Cardoso Maria Helena Wohlers Morelli
Published: June 2021

In this work, an analytical method for the determination of residues for the pesticides-focus was optimized: Azoxystrobin, Boscalide, Carbendazim, Chloranthranilprole, Clothianidin, Diafentiuron, Difenoconazole, Dimetomorfe, Espinetoram, Espinosade A, Espinosade D, Fenurox, Metalaxyl M, Methoxyfenozide, Tiametoxan in soil derived from tomato planting, in order to compare the levels of contamination of these compounds in soil samples. The modified QuEChERS extraction method and Ultra Performance Liquid Chromatography coupled with Sequential Mass Spectrometry were used, with ionization source by Electronebulization in ESI mode (+/-). The method consisted of extracting 15.0 g of soil with 15 ml of saturated calcium hydroxide solution pH 12.3 and 15 ml of acetonitrile, with a consequent partition in the “salting out” effect through 6.0 g of sulfate of anhydrous magnesium and 1.5 g of sodium chloride. The phases were separated by centrifugation at 3700 rpm for 7 min. The extracts were diluted with MeOH licrossolv® grade and injected in a chromatograph. The method was validated based on the parameters of linearity, LOD, LOQ, precision and accuracy. Linearity between 0.2 and 20.0 µg L-1, determination coefficients greater than 0.99. The LOQ values ​​for the method were 13 µg kg-1 for Spinosad and 7.0 µg kg-1 for the other pesticides. The method showed good precision, with RSD values ​​<20%, and accuracy, with recoveries between 70 and 120% for the vast majority of the analyzed compounds. The analytical curves were prepared with reference white soil extracts, in order to minimize the Matrix Effect. The method was considered adequate for the analysis of pesticide residues in soil, since it satisfies the validation parameters of chromatographic methods (European Commission, 2018). After validation, the method was used to analyze the residues of these pesticides in soil samples from conventional, organic and sustainable tomato plantations. Making it possible to compare the levels of environmental impacts generated. In addition to validating the analytical method for the pesticides-focus of the study, it was also possible to validate 240 more compounds, between authorized and unauthorized for use in tomato planting.
La dépression parmi les professeurs au Brésil: une revue de la littérature
Authors: Souza Jeane Mendes Pinheiro de
Published: June 2021

De nos jours, les problèmes de santé liés au stress lié au travail sont une réalité de plus en plus courante. Dans ce contexte, il existe des professions et des professionnels qui sont plus exposés et soumis à ces types de pathologies, comme les professionnels de l’éducation. Des études menées dans le monde entier indiquent que les éducateurs sont exposés à un grand risque d’épuisement physique et/ou mental, qui implique les difficultés matérielles et psychologiques associées à l’exercice de l’activité d’enseignement. On sait que de tels problèmes de santé compromettent grandement la qualité de vie de ces professionnels et, parmi ceux-ci, la dépression dans ses manifestations qui peuvent impliquer la mélancolie et la tristesse sous diverses formes et à différents niveaux se distingue. L’engagement de la qualité de vie de ces professionnels rend de plus en plus nécessaire d’approfondir la recherche et les approches qui peuvent collaborer afin de trouver des alternatives qui minimisent les effets de ce mal. En raison de ce qui précède, ce travail vise à mener une étude sur la dépression et son apparition parmi les enseignants. En tant que méthodologie, une recherche bibliographique a été réalisée avec une revue des études et des auteurs qui approfondissent l’approche des sujets dépression, dépression chez les enseignants, mélancolie et alternatives à faire face à la dépression.
Вклад нейропсихологии: высокие способности / одаренность
Authors: Galvão Jéssyca de Alcantara
Published: June 2021

Нейропсихология является областью психологии и неврологии, которая изучает отношения между центральной нервной системой, когнитивных функций и поведения. С самого начала исследователи в этой области искали понимания сканирования анатомии мозга и его корреляции с когнитивными способностями. Нейропсихология постоянно прогрессирует и трансформируется, и, таким образом, выводы этой науки предлагают все более теоретическую и методологическую поддержку для специалистов и позволяют вмешательства и лечения более подходящим для пациентов. Несмотря на достижения в области исследований когнитивных способностей, в настоящее время существуют трудности в отношении признания людей с высокими способностями/одарением. Кроме того, во многих случаях, AH/SD путают с расстройствами. По этой причине, это библиографическое исследование представляет основной вклад нейропсихологии в выявление и развитие людей с AH/SD , обозначая исторические аспекты, основные достижения и текущий сценарий. Проведенный анализ данных, собранных в статьях, диссертациях, книгах, законах и государственной политике, показал, что до сих пор нет точной классификации понимания AH/SD. В настоящее время известно, что интеллект является одним из факторов для идентификации, но другие навыки также рассматриваются как художественные, мотивационные аспекты и лидерские навыки. Существует также ассоциация результатов психологических тестов с нейровизуализации испытаний. В непрерывном расследовании были исследованы нейропсихологические механизмы людей, отождествляемых с AH/SD. Результаты исследуемых исследований указывают на связь между интеллектуальным фактором и активностью мозга, а также указывают на различия в функционировании и анатомии мозга этих людей по сравнению с субъектами среднего интеллектуального фактора. Последняя тема касается бразильских реалий детей и подростков с AH/SD с точки зрения школы, трудности, связанные с процессом идентификации и адекватного ухода за этими лицами.
Multiresidue-Methods zur Analyse von 240 Pestiziden in Böden von Tomatenpflanzen durch Ultra-Performance-Flüssigkeitschromatographie gekoppelt an Massenspektrometrie
Authors: Mazzei João Roberto Fortes , Freire Estevão , Serra Eduardo Gonçalves , Macedo José Ronaldo de , Oliveira Angélica Castanheira de , Bastos Lucia Helena Pinto , Cardoso Maria Helena Wohlers Morelli
Published: June 2021

In dieser Arbeit wurde eine Analysemethode zur Bestimmung von Rückständen für den Pestizidfokus optimiert: Azoxystrobin, Boscalide, Carbendazim, Chloranthranilprol, Clothianidin, Diafentiuron, Difenoconazol, Dimetomorfe, Espinetoram, Espinosade A, Espinosade D, Fenurox Methax , Thiametoxan in Böden, die aus Tomatenpflanzen stammen, um den Grad der Kontamination dieser Verbindungen in Bodenproben zu vergleichen. Das modifizierte QuEChERS-Extraktionsverfahren und die Ultra-Performance-Flüssigkeitschromatographie in Verbindung mit der sequentiellen Massenspektrometrie wurden mit einer Ionisationsquelle durch Elektronebulisation im ESI-Modus (+/-) verwendet. Das Verfahren bestand aus der Extraktion von 15,0 g Erde mit 15 ml gesättigter Calciumhydroxidlösung, pH 12,3 und 15 ml Acetonitril, mit einer sich daraus ergebenden Verteilung des “Aussalzeffekts” durch 6,0 g wasserfreies Magnesiumsulfat und 1,5 g Natriumchlorid . Die Phasen wurden durch 7-minütige Zentrifugation bei 3700 U / min getrennt. Die Extrakte wurden mit MeOH licrossolv®-Qualität verdünnt und in einen Chromatographen injiziert. Die Methode wurde anhand der Parameter Linearität, LOD, LOQ, Präzision und Genauigkeit validiert. Linearität zwischen 0,2 und 20,0 µg L-1, Bestimmungskoeffizienten größer als 0,99. Die LOQ-Werte für das Verfahren betrugen 13 µg kg-1 für Spinosad und 7,0 µg kg-1 für die anderen Pestizide. Die Methode zeigte eine gute Präzision mit RSD-Werten <20% und eine Genauigkeit mit Wiederfindungsraten zwischen 70 und 120% für die überwiegende Mehrheit der analysierten Verbindungen. Die analytischen Kurven wurden mit Referenz-Extrakten aus weißem Boden erstellt, um den Matrixeffekt zu minimieren. Die Methode wurde als geeignet für die Analyse von Pestizidrückständen im Boden angesehen, da sie die Validierungsparameter chromatographischer Methoden erfüllt (European Comission, 2018). Nach der Validierung wurde die Methode verwendet, um die Rückstände dieser Pestizide in Bodenproben von konventionellen, biologischen und nachhaltigen Tomatenplantagen zu analysieren. Dies ermöglicht es, die Höhe der erzeugten Umweltauswirkungen zu vergleichen. Neben der Validierung der Analysemethode für den Pestizid-Schwerpunkt der Studie konnten 240 weitere Verbindungen zwischen zugelassenen und nicht zugelassenen Verbindungen für die Verwendung beim Anpflanzen von Tomaten validiert werden.
Kegunaan radiografi panoramik pada masa mixed dentition
Authors: Himammi Azda Nurma , Hartomo Bambang Tri
Published: June 2021

Objectives: The purpose of this review is to determine the usefulness of panoramic radiography during mixed dentition and also to capture panoramic radiographs during mixed dentition.

Review: Mixed dentition is a period of mixed dentition and a period of transition from sequential deciduous teeth followed by the eruption of the replacement tooth, namely the permanent tooth. The mixed dental phase occurs in children aged 6-12 years, beginning with the eruption of the first permanent tooth, usually a central incisor or mandibular first molar. Changes in occlusion occur significantly during this time due to the loss of the deciduous teeth and the eruption of the replacement permanent teeth.

Conclusion: The mixed dentition period can be classified into 3 phases, namely. (1) the first transitional period, occurs at 6-8 years of age. In this phase, the eruption of the permanent first molars and the replacement of the deciduous incisors with the permanent incisors occurred. (2) the inter-transitional period, after the first molars and permanent incisors erupt, there is a transient period of about 1-2 years before the second transition phase begins. In this phase, it is called inter-transitional because the maxillary and mandibular arches consist of deciduous and permanent teeth. In the inter-transitional phase it is relatively stable and no changes occur. (3) the second transitional period at age (10-13 years), the date of the mandibular canine at about 10 years of age usually begins the second transitional period.
Biomarker of buccal mucosa cells damaged after exposure to panoramic radiography: a literature review
Authors: Wulansari Dwi Putri , Azhari Azhari
Published: June 2021

Objectives: This review aimed to understand the effect of exposure to panoramic radiographs on exfoliated buccal mucosal cells at the cellular level.

Review: The dose of radiation exposure in dentistry, both intraoral and extraoral, has been regulated by The National Radiological Protection Board (NRPB). However, even though it is given in small doses, x-ray radiation due to intraoral and extraoral radiographs still has a radiobiological effect on the exposed tissue. The radiobiological effects of X-ray exposure can cause changes in biological molecules, either directly or indirectly, within hours or days. There are two classification of this radiobiological effect, called deterministic and stochastic effect. The deterministic effect occurs when the dose given exceeds the recommended dose by the NRPB, whereas the stochastic effect does not have any threshold that needs to be exceeded to give some adverse impact to the exposed tissue One method used as a predictor or biomarker of genetic damage due to exposure to physical or chemical mutagenic agents in humans is micronucleus (MN). The biomarker for the cell damaged is the change of nucleus shape and outline, called pycnosis, karyolysis, karyorrhexis.

Conclusion: The exposed to x-ray from panoramic could induce cell and genetic damaged. Prescription for panoramic radiographic examination in patients should be as effectively as possible according to the principles of ALADA (as low as diagnostically acceptable) to avoid adverse effects on the exposed tissue.
Hubungan antara tinggi dan panjang mandibula di radiograf panoramik dengan kadar kalsium pada pasien lanjut usia
Authors: Asykarie Ichda Nabiela Amiria , Epsilawati Lusi , Firman Ria Noerianingsih , Pramanik Farina
Published: June 2021

Objectives: The aim of this research is to know about the correlation between calcium levels and mandibular height and length in elderly patients from panoramic radiographs.
Materials and Methods: This study was a cross-sectional observational study, using 15 panoramic radiographs of patients aged 60-80 years, where each subject is taken calcium levels. Radiographs were analyzed to measure the length of the mandibular body and the height of the mandibular ramus. ImageJ software is used as a measuring tool, and the results are then correlated with the Pearson correlation test analysis.
Results: This study obtained the average result for mandibular length was ± 10 cm and for mandibular height was ± 7 cm, while the calcium value showed an average value of ± 8.7-10 mg/dl. Pearson correlation test showed no significant relationship between mandibular length and height and calcium levels in the elderly.
Conclusion: The conclusion drawn was that there is no significant relationship between mandibular height and length on calcium levels in the elderly as assessed by panoramic radiographs.
La conceptualización del espacio: Desarrollo y sistemas de referencia
Authors: Lozada Nava Lidia , Calderón Guerrero Gabriela
Published: June 2021

La sobrevivencia humana depende en gran medida de comunicar a otros lo que se piensa sobre el espacio, de ahí su importancia como objeto de conocimiento y de reflexión escolar. El espacio, como lo señalan Levinson y Wilkins (2006), ha sido culturalmente organizado a través de distintos tipos de sistemas de referencia y deícticos. Para Piaget e Inhelder (1973), la capacidad de coordinar coherentemente la información en un todo congruente es una de las características más importantes del desarrollo del conocimiento. El propósito de este trabajo es analizar cómo se desarrolla la conceptualización del espacio en la infancia y la adolescencia, y si dicho desarrollo se ve afectado por la capacidad de coordinar coherentemente la información. A 60 niños y adolescentes mexicanos se les propuso la tarea de describir una escena visual para que otra persona, siguiendo sus instrucciones, acomodara una serie de objetos en una maqueta. Los resultados indican que los alumnos entrevistados muestran diferencias sistemáticas y significativas en la conceptualización y descripción del espacio, y estas se relacionan con la creciente capacidad de coordinar las pistas y la información. Asimismo, el trabajo ilustra la utilidad del análisis lingüístico como herramienta para llevar a cabo investigación educativa.
Estrategia artística para mejorar la expresión oral en estudiantes mexicanos: un estudio piloto
Authors: Gómez Calles Tomás Jesús , Fernández-Sánchez Higinio , Baez-Cruz Hercy , Pérez-Pérez Mariana
Published: June 2021

La presente investigación tiene como objetivo realizar un estudio piloto para, posteriormente, llevar a cabo una intervención didáctica mediante actividades de escultura y modelado de plastilina para favorecer la expresión oral en alumnos de educación primaria. Para ello se realizó la selección de un grupo muestra conformado por 28 niños en edades de 6 a 8 años, con quienes se trabajó una técnica artística denominada “Escultura Familiar”, para que a través ella comuniquen la percepción y los sentimientos que experimentan con respecto a su familia. La metodología utilizada para este estudio piloto corresponde a un paradigma cuantitativo con un diseño pre-experimental y la aplicación de un pretest-postest que permitió, a partir del uso de la estrategia señalada, que los alumnos desarrollaran sus habilidades manuales y aumentaran el nivel de expresión oral al exponer y argumentar sus comentarios apoyados en su escultura. Los resultados de este estudio muestran que la intervención es prometedora, y que podría potenciar y estimular el nivel de expresión oral en los alumnos, corroborando que esta resultó ser una gran herramienta educativa. Asimismo, da pauta para implementar la intervención a mayor escala, donde se pueda evaluar la eficacia y la efectividad.
Recursos didácticos para la estimulación de estrategias metacognitivas en la escritura académica
Authors: Ávila-Rodríguez Martha María
Published: June 2021

El propósito del ensayo es fundamentar recursos didácticos para la estimulación de estrategias metacognitivas en la escritura académica. Desde una perspectiva analítico-interpretativa se tipifican las tendencias predominantes en las insuficiencias de los textos académicos analizados: insuficiencias en la adecuación lingüístico-comunicativa e inobservancia de las normas de publicación y la estructura formal, las cuales son objeto de reflexión desde una perspectiva teórica que articula referentes de las ciencias del lenguaje, la didáctica de la construcción textual y las prácticas de los procesos editoriales. En conclusión, se suscribe la importancia de la investigación sobre literatura científica, se ofrecen recomendaciones metodológicas y se sustentan recursos didácticos para la autorrevisión del texto académico en tanto práctica para el ejercicio del pensamiento consciente y crítico en la educación científica de estudiantes universitarios.
Concepciones de lectura y escritura en un posgrado en Arquitectura: un acercamiento desde la perspectiva de la Alfabetización Académica
Authors: Franco Jesica
Published: June 2021

Este artículo presenta los avances de resultados de una investigación que busca aportar a la discusión en torno de las prácticas de enseñanza y aprendizaje en posgrado, centrándose específicamente en la lectura y la escritura. Para esto, se ha asumido un enfoque sociocultural que coincide con la perspectiva Alfabetización Académica. Como objetivo general, el estudio plantea describir las concepciones de lectura y escritura de docentes, estudiantes y el programa de estudios de un posgrado en la disciplina de Arquitectura. Es un trabajo de corte cualitativo, descriptivo y transversal, que se lleva a cabo en una universidad pública del estado de Veracruz, México, y se divide en dos etapas metodológicas. Hasta el momento, se ha concluido la primera etapa, en la que se ha aplicado un cuestionario autodiligenciado de preguntas abiertas. Los resultados que aquí se presentan muestran que quienes tienen concepciones transmisivas entienden que leer y escribir son procesos de codificación y decodificación de mensajes escritos que sirven para obtener o transmitir información. Por el contrario, aquellos que cuentan con concepciones más cercanas a lo transaccional, conciben la lectura y la escritura como procesos dialógicos, creativos y de construcción de significados que sirven para reflexionar junto con otros y transformar el propio pensamiento.
Analysing Cybernetic Governance at Higher Education Institutions in Malaysia: How is Co- Production Linked to the Transformation of Higher Education Institutions via Governance?
Authors: Mohd Noor Marhaini
Published: June 2021

This paper attempts to analyse how important the cybernetic governance is to higher education institutions in Malaysia. Cybernetic governance is a structure, process of a system to empower greater decision making, autonomy, leadership, and greater accountability. Thus, cybernetic approach is heavily depending on information, utilise information for decision making, policy making and feedback to respond effectively. The concept also relevant with co-production strategy, whereby public services offered at the institution would focus on making use of resources through community building, collaboration, and resource sharing. In this context, “governance” refers to the role of multi-stakeholders involved in decision making, autonomy, leadership, and accountability. The effectiveness and success of this cybernetic governance depends on the institution community; the board, Vice-Chancellor, university management committee, Deans and Directors involved. The main idea is to analyse cybernetic governance as a model for processing information and a platform for co-production on governance empowerment at higher education institutions in Malaysia. Hence literatures are reviewed to apply the concepts to this research. An expected outcome of this research would be the evidence to improve policy performance in governance arrangements. Therefore, cybernetic governance contribution is the practice of good governance for intelligent institutions.
Zimbabwe’s Youth Empowerment Programme and Poverty Alleviation amongst Youths in Gweru Urban District
Authors: Maraire Fungayi Promote , Munhande Constantine
Published: June 2021

Zimbabwe’s youth empowerment programme was a public-private partnership between the Government of Zimbabwe and some Zimbabwean financial institutions. The aim of the programme was to alleviate poverty amongst youths through the provision of micro credit. Established in 2009 as the panacea for Zimbabwe’s youth empowerment challenges, there is very little credible data on the performance and effectiveness of this noble intervention that was criticised by some as partisan. Therefore, the purpose of this paper is to evaluate the extent to which Zimbabwe’s youth empowerment programme was able to achieve its main objective of alleviating poverty amongst the youths in Zimbabwe’s Gweru Urban District. The paper adopts a qualitative case study research design utilising both primary and secondary sources of data. Primary data was collected through semi- structured interviews with key informants as well as researcher observation. Secondary data was mainly obtained through searches of both physical and online libraries and repositories. Qualitative content analysis is the method used to analyse the data. The research findings reveal that the objectives of the programme were indeed relevant to the current challenges being faced by the youth in Zimbabwe. However, the programme had very little effect on youth poverty and unemployment in Gweru Urban District which remains high. Possible reasons for the limited effectiveness could be the fact that few youth projects were funded as compared to the number of youths that were in need of funding. The high rate of collapse of the youth projects funded coupled with the failure to sustain production levels achieved after accessing the loans also meant that chances of employment creation were limited. There were however, a few success stories noted by the study. The study recommends more training for beneficiaries if such programmes are to be more effective in future. This study is of significance as it adds to the existing body of knowledge the effectiveness of micro credit as a poverty alleviation strategy. Moreover, the paper is of importance to the Zimbabwe government and other development agents as it provides credible and perhaps more reliable accounts on the performance and effectiveness of Zimbabwe’s youth empowerment programme.
Nonlinear vibrational and rotational analysis of microbeams in nanobiomaterials using Galerkin decomposition and differential transform methods
Authors: Adeleye Olurotimi , Atitebi Abdulahi , Yinusa Ahmed
Published: June 2021

In this paper, a nonlinear vibrational and rotational analysis of microbeams in nanobiomaterials using Galerkin Decomposition (GDM) and Differential Transform Methods (DTM) is presented. The dependency of cell migration and growth on nanoscaffold porosity and pore size architecture in tissue regeneration is governed by a dynamic model for the nonlinear vibration and rotation of the microbeams of nanobiomaterials and represented by a set of nonlinear partial differential equations. The solutions of the governing model are obtained by applying GDM and DTM and good agreement is achieved with numerical Runge-Kutta method (RK4). From the results, it is observed that an increase in Duffing term resulted in the increase of the frequency of the micro-beam. An increase in the foundation term also resulted in a corresponding increase in the frequency of the system for both free and forced dynamic responses. This study will enhance the application of tissue engineering in the regeneration of damaged human body tissues.
A Transitivity Analysis of the Courtroom Discourse: A Case Study of Jodi Arias Trial
Authors: Liu Mengna , Chen Jinshi
Published: June 2021

Court discourse is a typical institutional discourse, recently arousing scholars’ interest.  Systemic-functional approach provides an important perspective to investigate the court discourse, among which transitivity that involves the construal of experiential meaning is a significant tool in the analysis. However, it is still unknown how experiential meanings are construed through different process types in American courtroom discourse. Therefore, this paper will take the case of Jodi Arias’ murder as an example and investigate the courtroom discourse from the perspective of transitivity. In this study, two research questions will be focused on: (1) What is the distribution of six transitivity processes in the courtroom of Jodi Arias’ murder case? (2) What are the functions of six processes for each courtroom participant in the courtroom of Jodi Arias’ murder case? After the detailed analysis, two conclusions are reached: (1) The paper finds that the major processes in the courtroom is the material, mental, relational, and verbal process. The behavioural process and the existential process is least or none in the courtroom discourse. (2) Second, the processes have their own functions in the courtroom discourse. The findings can help improve people’s understanding of American courtroom discourse and enhance American courtroom communication.
Teachers' (De)Motivation During COVID-19 Pandemic: A Case Study from Nepal
Authors: Khanal Laxmi Prasad , Bidari Samikshya , Nadif Bendoud
Published: June 2021

The COVID-19 pandemic has produced havoc in the world and Nepal is no exception. A transition from an in-person classroom to online classroom has been daunting for the students and teachers motivation level. The impact of teacher morale is often neglected by policymakers and all the stakeholders themselves, which may lead to teachers’ lack of motivation or "demotivation". Teachers’ demotivation is an emotional, cognitive, socio-cultural and psychological state that leads to exhaustion, depersonalization, burnout, decreased teacher achievement and self-worth stress. This study aimed to investigate the factors that supported and hindered Nepalese EFL teachers' motivation levels in their classrooms. A qualitative case study was employed as a research design. Four EFL secondary level teachers teaching at private schools in Kathmandu Valley were selected for this study. The teacher participants were chosen via a systematic random sampling procedure. The data was analyzed and interpreted using a thematic approach, employing survey questionnaires, teachers' interviews, and classroom observation as data collection instruments. The results of this study revealed that EFL teachers in private schools are intrinsically and extrinsically demotivated. The factors that demotivate these teachers include low wages, lack of continuing professional development, students' disruptive behaviors, job insecurity, and fewer holidays.
Sexual Difference and Women's Space in Sandra Cisneros' Caramelo
Authors: Faraji Razieh , Jamshidian Sahar
Published: June 2021

Unlike previous feminist critics who were seeking ways to reduce the otherness of the women to help them be the same as men, the subject, Luce Irigaray, strongly emphasizes the irreducibility of the women's place as the "other." Concerned with the concept of sexual difference and the otherness of women, Irigaray occupies a unique position among feminist critics. Irigaray aims not to be the "same," but to make a clear border between these two sexually different creatures. Based on sexual difference, both men and women should stand in their bordered place, and they cannot be substituted for the other. Accordingly, Irigaray seeks irreducible alterity for women in all aspects, which is the most crucial objective of this paper. Being a feminitst by spirit, Sandra Cisneros, the prize-winning chicana writer, in her novel, Caramelo (2002), dramatizes what Irigaray theorizes in her Ethics of Sexual Difference (1993). In this light, the current study analyzes Caramelo to illustrate how the "place" of the "other," that is women's "place," is occupied unfairly by the empowered men, and how female characters resist and/or succumb to the oppressive situations. The results of the study indicate that Lala, the main character, possesses the potentiality of being aware of "sexual difference" and "space," as key tools, to regain her place occupied by men, and reclaim her subjectivity, goals for which both Sandra Cisneros and Luce Irigary have aimed for years.
Resistensi Masyarakat Terhadap Dominasi Kekuasaan Dalam Novel Tanah Tabu Karya Aninditya S. Thyaf
Authors: Madroin Lulu Farhatul Ummah , Syamsi Kastam
Published: June 2021

Social problems within the social reality have become problems that cannot be fully resolved, especially when they are concerned with the domination of power. This research seeks to describe various kinds of resistance of the Papuans against the domination of power which includes domination of patriarchal social power, domination of economic power, and domination of political power in a novel entitled Tanah Tabu by Anindita S. Thyaf. This research implemented a descriptive qualitative method with Norman Fairclough's critical discourse analysis model, including three dimensions of the text, discourse practice, and socio-cultural practice. The research results revealed that: (1) from the perspective of text dimension, the linguistic aspect showed resistance by the local community through the vocabulary used by the author, (2) from the perspective of discourse practice, it voiced injustice and violence due to domination of power, (3) from the perspective of socio-cultural practice, the socio-cultural context influenced the emergence of the text.
An Investigation into the Translation Techniques Used in the Female Characters in the Comic of Pasutri Gaje
Authors: Pujiastuti Diana Sri , M.R. Nababan  , Santosa Riyadi
Published: June 2021

This study is aimed to identify the translation techniques used in the female characters of the comic of Pasutri Gaje which contain annoying speech. This research is embedded in a descriptive qualitative approach conducted and the purpose of the research is to identify the translation techniques used in translating sentences accomodating expression of annoyance in the conversations of female characters in the comic pasutri gaje. Data were collected through content analysis and validated by rater through focus group discussions (FGD). The results show that there were 160 data in comic Pasutri Gaje which used 13 translations techniques, namely established equivalence, explicitation, modulation, paraphrase, implications, compensation, pure borrowing, variant borrowing, transposition, adaptation, reduction, literal, discursive creation, literal.
Teaching Writing to Tertiary EFL Large Classes: Challenges and Prospects
Authors: Ouahidi Lalla Meriem
Published: June 2021

The rapid population growth, the excessive demand for higher education, and the increasing interest in English are behind the appearance of large classes at the Moroccan Departments of English in higher education institutions. The current study sheds light on teachers' experiences and probes into the challenges they encounter in teaching writing to large groups. Additionally, it seeks to provide some insights into how teachers approach this thorny issue. To achieve this end, the researcher opted for semi-structured interviews as a qualitative tool to cast light on teachers' perceptions of this issue and disclose the strategies they deploy to make teaching and learning of the writing skill conducive to productive outcomes. The findings reveal that university teachers face various problems in over-sized cohorts, including feedback, assessment, and classroom management. In the light of the findings, some suggested strategies will be set so that teachers working in similar contexts can implement them successfully.
Documentary Subtitle Chinese-English Translation from the Perspective of Functional Equivalence: A Study on the Documentary China’s Fight against Covid-19
Authors: Yang Yeheng , Li Yi
Published: June 2021

This paper adopts Nida's Functional Equivalence theory and studies the Chinese-English subtitle translation of the documentary China’s Fight against Covid-19, which was filmed and broadcast throughout China amid the outbreak of the Covid-19 pandemic in the year 2020, and it received positive responses in the country. The research objective is to find out the translation strategies, methods and skills involved in achieving the “most natural” and the “most closest” English expressions to the Chinese source text. In the study, investigations on the equivalence of Lexical level, Syntactical level, Contextual level and Textual level in the subtitle are conducted respectively, and the aforementioned translation aspects are discussed under the guidance of Nida’s functional equivalence. The key findings are that the translated texts adopt literal and liberal translation to deal with the Culture-loaded words and four-character idioms on a lexical level. While sentence restructuring, conversion of voice, and conjunction and present particle are used on the syntactic level to make source language and translated subtitle more coherent and authentic. On the contextual and textual level, the target text distinguishes the formal and informal languages through the sentence length and the complexity of the structure. This study offers a practical implication for translating Chinese pandemic discourses into English, and it can also shed light on the study of Chinese narratives during the COVID outbreak and the publicity of the Chinese countermeasures.