bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
К вопросу о волонтерстве (добровольчестве) через всю жизнь
Authors: Веслогузова М.В. , Cафина З.Н.
Published: January 2025

Актуальность статьи обусловлена тем, что волонтерство (добровольчество) предполагает участие в волонтерском движении всех категорий лиц; основными участниками являются молодежь и люди старшего поколения («серебряное волонтерство»). Цель статьи – аргументированно доказать, что «серебряные волонтеры» являются наиболее преданными представителями «волонтерства (добровольчества) через всю жизнь», укрепляющими идеалы волонтерства. Раскрыта сущность «волонтерского движения», заключающаяся в вовлеченности в определенный вид деятельности, который является социально-одобряемым, причем вознаграждением является взаимный энергообмен. В качестве практической части представлен фрагмент тематического плана программы «Школа серебряного волонтерства». Доказано, что активизация движения серебряных волонтеров, координация данного движения, развитие межпоколенных коммуникаций позволят достичь социальных эффектов в оказании помощи людям, а также в адресной поддержке своих целевых групп.

The relevance of the article is due to the fact that volunteering involves participation in the volunteer movement of all categories of people; the main participants are young people and people of the older generation ("silver volunteering"). The purpose of the article is to prove in a reasoned way that the "silver volunteers" are the most devoted representatives of "volunteerism (volunteerism) through life", strengthening the ideals of volunteerism. The essence of the "volunteer movement" is revealed, which consists in involvement in a certain type of activity, which is socially approved, and the reward is mutual energy exchange. As a practical part, a fragment of the thematic plan of the program "School of Silver Volunteering" is presented. It is proved that the activation of the movement of silver volunteers, the coordination of this movement, the development of intergenerational communications will allow achieving social effects in helping people, as well as in targeted support for their target groups.
Discourse grammar teaching of Chinese as a foreign language based on interactional linguistics
Authors: Huang Q.
Published: January 2025

The relevance of developing discourse grammar teaching methods for Chinese as a foreign language is due to the need for effective communication skills training that takes into account the interactive nature of real language use. The purpose of the work is an in-depth study of the principles and techniques of teaching discourse grammar based on the theoretical framework of interactional linguistics. A comprehensive approach has been applied, including the analysis of pragmatic, semantic and syntactic aspects of discourse. Taking into account the communicative specifics, key methodological principles of discourse-oriented grammar teaching are formulated. Strategies for optimizing the selection and presentation of educational material are proposed. The conducted multidimensional analysis of authentic texts and dialogues made it possible to determine the linguistic features and patterns most significant for the development of discourse competence in Chinese. Recommendations have been developed to improve the system of exercises and tasks, to increase the effectiveness of using interactive teaching methods. The results obtained have high theoretical and applied value for linguodidactics, and emphasize the importance of developing communicatively oriented methods of teaching Chinese grammar. The prospects for further work on the integration of discourse analysis achievements into the practice of teaching Chinese as a foreign language are outlined.

Актуальность разработки методов преподавания дискурсивной грамматики китайского языка как иностранного обусловлена необходимостью эффективного обучения коммуникативным навыкам, учитывающим интерактивный характер реального использования языка. Целью работы является углубленное изучение принципов и методик преподавания дискурсивной грамматики, основанных на теоретических основах интерактивной лингвистики. Был применен комплексный подход, включающий анализ прагматических, семантических и синтаксических аспектов дискурса. С учетом коммуникативной специфики сформулированы ключевые методологические принципы дискурсивно-ориентированного обучения грамматике. Предложены стратегии оптимизации отбора и подачи учебного материала. Проведенный многомерный анализ аутентичных текстов и диалогов позволил определить языковые особенности и закономерности, наиболее значимые для развития дискурсивной компетенции на китайском языке. Разработаны рекомендации по совершенствованию системы упражнений и заданий, повышению эффективности использования интерактивных методов обучения. Полученные результаты имеют высокую теоретическую и прикладную ценность для лингводидактики и подчеркивают важность разработки коммуникативно ориентированных методов преподавания грамматики китайского языка. Намечены перспективы дальнейшей работы по интеграции достижений дискурс-анализа в практику преподавания китайского языка как иностранного.
Исследование влияния генеративного искусственного интеллекта на педагогические стратегии и методы обучения в условиях цифровизации образования
Authors: Вегера Ж.Г.
Published: January 2025

Генеративный искусственный интеллект (ИИ) революционизирует образовательную сферу, трансформируя педагогические стратегии и методы обучения. Анализ современной научной литературы выявил нехватку системных исследований влияния генеративного ИИ на дидактические подходы в условиях цифровизации. Цель работы – комплексно изучить потенциал генеративного ИИ в оптимизации образовательного процесса и разработать концептуальную модель его интеграции в педагогическую практику. Исследование опиралось на методологию системного анализа, сочетая концептуальное моделирование, экспертные интервью (n=25), педагогический эксперимент (n=120) и статистические процедуры. Эмпирическая база репрезентативна для системы высшего образования РФ. Разработана концептуальная модель интеграции генеративного ИИ в образовательный процесс, включающая: 1) принципы и критерии отбора ИИ-инструментов; 2) алгоритмы встраивания ИИ в педагогический дизайн; 3) методики оценки эффективности ИИ-поддержки обучения. Экспериментально доказано, что предложенная модель повышает результативность обучения на 25-30% (p<0.01). Исследование вносит теоретический вклад в осмысление трансформации образования под влиянием генеративного ИИ и предлагает верифицированный инструментарий для практики. Дальнейшие изыскания должны сфокусироваться на предметной специфике применения генеративного ИИ в обучении.

Generative artificial intelligence (AI) is revolutionizing the educational field by transforming pedagogical strategies and teaching methods. An analysis of modern scientific literature has revealed a lack of systematic studies of the influence of generative AI on didactic approaches in the context of digitalization. The purpose of the work is to comprehensively study the potential of generative AI in optimizing the educational process and develop a conceptual model for its integration into pedagogical practice. The study was based on the methodology of system analysis, combining conceptual modeling, expert interviews (n=25), pedagogical experiment (n=120) and statistical procedures. The empirical base is representative of the higher education system of the Russian Federation. A conceptual model for integrating generative AI into the educational process has been developed, including: 1) principles and criteria for the selection of AI tools; 2) algorithms for embedding AI in pedagogical design; 3) methods for evaluating the effectiveness of AI support for learning. It has been experimentally proven that the proposed model increases the effectiveness of learning by 25-30% (p<0.01). The study makes a theoretical contribution to understanding the transformation of education under the influence of generative AI and offers verified tools for practice. Further research should focus on the subject specifics of the use of generative AI in education.
Синтез танцевальных стилей в современном искусстве и образовании
Authors: Лю Я. , Цзи Ш.
Published: January 2025

В статье рассматривается феномен синтеза танцевальных стилей в современном искусстве и его влияние на образовательные практики. Актуальность темы обусловлена интенсивной динамикой развития танцевальной культуры и необходимостью осмысления новых тенденций в педагогическом контексте. Цель исследования – выявить специфику и образовательный потенциал синтеза танцевальных стилей. Задачи: проанализировать теоретические аспекты проблемы; изучить конкретные примеры синтеза стилей; определить их роль в развитии танцевального образования. Применялись методы теоретического анализа научной литературы, сравнительно-типологический и искусствоведческий подходы, экспертные интервью с ведущими педагогами-хореографами (n=15). Установлено, что синтез танцевальных стилей: 1) является отражением постмодернистских тенденций в искусстве; 2) стимулирует поиск новых выразительных средств и педагогических методик; 3) способствует формированию полистилистического мышления у учащихся; 4) обогащает палитру выразительных средств современного танца. Исследование вносит вклад в развитие теории и практики танцевального образования. Его результаты могут быть использованы при разработке инновационных образовательных программ. Перспективы дальнейшего изучения проблемы связаны с более глубоким анализом конкретных примеров синтеза стилей и оценкой их педагогической эффективности.

The article examines the phenomenon of synthesis of dance styles in modern art and its impact on educational practices. The relevance of the topic is due to the intensive dynamics of the development of dance culture and the need to understand new trends in the pedagogical context. The purpose of the study is to identify the specifics and educational potential of the synthesis of dance styles. Tasks: to analyze the theoretical aspects of the problem; to study specific examples of the synthesis of styles; to determine their role in the development of dance education. The methods of theoretical analysis of scientific literature, comparative typological and art criticism approaches, expert interviews with leading choreographers (n=15) were used. It is established that the synthesis of dance styles: 1) is a reflection of postmodern trends in art; 2) stimulates the search for new expressive means and pedagogical techniques; 3) promotes the formation of polystylistic thinking among students; 4) enriches the palette of expressive means of modern dance. The research contributes to the development of the theory and practice of dance education. Its results can be used in the development of innovative educational programs. The prospects for further study of the problem are associated with a deeper analysis of specific examples of the synthesis of styles and an assessment of their pedagogical effectiveness.
Procedures used for optically and infrared stimulated luminescence dating of sediments in Heidelberg
Authors: Lang A. , Lindauer S. , Kuhn R. , Wagner G. A.
Published: January 2025

This paper describes the procedures used for Optically Stimulated Luminescence (OSL) and Infrared Stimulated Luminescence (IRSL) in sediment dating at the Forschungsstelle Archäometrie in Heidelberg, Germany. The topics discussed include sampling, sample preparation, luminescence measurement, equivalent dose estimation and determination of dose rate.
Densities of Modern and Fossil Dental Tissues: Significance to ESR Dating of Tooth Enamel
Authors: Rink W. J. , Hunter V. A.
Published: January 2025

We measured the density of enamel, dentine and cementum from teeth that range in age from 0-450 ka. We found that the density of denting and cementum is significantly higher in samples of Palaeolithic age or older relative to young archaeological teeth and modern teeth from an abbatoir. These density changes occur withing the first 50,000 years of burial. This density change is important for nex calculations of beta attunation in tooth enamel based on One-Group Theory, which requires density input data in order to calculate energy transport across interfaces between enamel and adjacent sediment cementum or dentine. Enamel densities were unchanged over the time interval between 0 and 450 ka.
Depletion of the quartz OSL signal using low photon energy stimulation
Authors: Bailey R. M.
Published: January 2025

For a given excitation photon energy, the rate of charge detrapping in quartz increases with sample temperature. This phenomenon is termed 'thermal assistance' and has been documented in a number of studies (see for example Spooner, 1994; Huntley et al., 1996; Bailey et al. 1997; Bailey 1998). An obvious consequence of this effect is that low photon energies can stimulate luminescence when sample temperature is sufficiently high. The work reported below assesses whether the signal observed from one particula quartz sample during low photon energy stimulation (at raised tempreature) relates to the signal observed under blue+green stimulation. The possibility of inadvertent signal depletion ue to laboratory 'safe lighting' is also discussed.
Thermoluminescence and after glow color images from ancient pottery pieces
Authors: Hashimoto T. , Nishiyama E. , Mitsuji T.
Published: January 2025

Some radiation-induced luminescence color images, including afterglow (AG) or radiophosphorescence, and thermoluminescence (TL), were conveniently photographed by means of a commercially avaible negative color film after the irradiation of X-ray on pottery slices. The resultant photographs, particulary AG color images (AGCIs), showed a variety of emission patterns dependent on kinds of minerals or thermal history of pottery. The AGCIs from archaeological pottery slices are subjected to the color image analysis to obtain more quantitative information. The relationships of two color intensity-ratios, such as green/red, were found to reflect clearly the origin of pottery. While, the dependence of luminescent color properties on the heating temperatures suggests to clarify thermal history of kilns and potteries using stepwise heating of their ingredient-clay.
Cosmic ray dose rates for luminescence and ESR dating: measured with a scintillation counter
Authors: Prescott J. R. , Clay R. W.
Published: January 2025

A method of finding the contribution of cosmic rays to dose-rates for luminescence and ESR dating described, making use of the same field scintillometer as is used for the in situ determination of the concentrations potassium, uranium, and thorium.
The use of sodium lamps for low-intensity laboratory safelighting for optical dating
Authors: Spooner N. A. , Questiaux D. G. , Aitken M. J.
Published: January 2025

The choice of laboratory illumination for use with optical dating samples involves a compromise between minimising the unwanted bleaching of light-sensitive signals while providing sufficient visibility to allow efficient and safe workplace practice. Described here is a laboratory safelight fulfilling these requirements. The safelight module consists of a low-pressure sodium vapour lamp enclosed within a filtered and shuttered housing, and provides lowintensity (< 1 µW/cm2) yellow-orange light, predominantly from the well-known 589.0 and 589.6 nm sodium D-lines.
Does limestone show useful optically stimulated luminescence?
Authors: Galloway R. B.
Published: January 2025

Luminescence around 515 nm wavelength (2.41 eV) from limestone stimulated by pulsed light of 370 nm wavelength (3.36 eV) is found to decrease with increasing radiation dose.
Absorbed dose fraction for 87Rb beta particles
Authors: Readhead M. L.
Published: January 2025

The dose absorbed by spherical quartz grains containing rubidium is calculated for grain diameters from 5 μm to 100 mm. The equivalent geometric factor as a function of grain diameter is also given.
Detection of far-red IRSL from loess
Authors: Lai Z. P. , Arnold L. , Stokes S. , Bailey R. , Fattahi M.
Published: January 2025

It has recently been proposed that it may be possible to extend the age range of luminescence dating of loess using the far-red (λ=665-740nm) emission from feldspar, as it is thought not to exhibit anomalous fading. Studies on red luminescence have been hindered due to technical difficulties in suppression of background and other factors. Recently modifications to apparatus (esp. photo-multiplier plus filter combinations) have been reported demonstrating that red IRSL (λ=590-700nm) may be observed from coarse-grained feldspar (Fattahi and Stokes, 2002a). However, this modified system was not able to detect far-red IRSL (λ=665-740nm) from old (>800ka) Chinese loess. In this short note we describe further modifications to the system which have successfully enhanced the far-red IRSL signal, and at the same time reduced background signal levels. As a result, routine measurements of far-red IRSL from loess are possible.
IRSL dating of K-rich feldspars using the SAR protocol: comparison with independent age control
Authors: Preusser F.
Published: January 2025

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Preferable use of red-thermoluminescence (RTL)-dating for quartz extracts from archaeologically burnt pottery - comparison of RTL and BTL (blue-TL) measurements using single-aliquot regenerative-dose (SAR) method
Authors: Hashimoto T. , Usuda H. , Yawata T. , Takano M.
Published: January 2025

Red- (RTL) and blue-thermoluminescence (BTL) dating procedures for quartz aliquots were applied to nine Jomon pottery pieces, which were manufactured and used 3,500-6,000 years ago. Quartz grain extracts from each piece were measured with respects of both RTL and BTL using a new automated luminescence measuring system that included a small X-ray irradiator and a single-aliquot regenerative-dose (SAR) protocol. Equivalent doses from RTL were evaluated to be higher than BTL-doses in most cases. This is due to contamination of feldspar grains and/or to light-bleaching effects. In a few cases, BTL-quartz constituents have not been detected. The TL-age results, obtained using the equivalent doses and annual doses, indicated that the RTL-ages are closer to the predicted archeological ages, giving more reliable results than the BTL-ages. Conclusively, the RTL-dating was recommended for the quartz extracts from the archaeologically burnt materials in the present experiments, probably because of the high impurity contents in the quartz grains. Although the existing BTL-dating could be already applied to the pure quartz grains without much content of impurities, the check of TL-properties, including RTL or BTL, should be considered prior to the practical TL-dating for burnt quartz fractions.
Quantification of cross-bleaching during infrared (IR) light stimulation
Authors: Kreutzer Sebastian , Hülle Daniela , Jørkov Thomsen Kristina , Hilgers Alexandra , Kadereit Annette , Fuchs Markus Fuchs Markus
Published: January 2025

The cross-bleaching behaviour of automated Risø TL/OSL (DA-12, DA-15, DA-20) luminescence readers is investigated. By design, up to 24 or 48 aliquots can be stored on a carousel in a single measurement chamber. Due to this construction, irradiation or illumination on one sample may affect the adjacent position resulting in systematic errors. Previously reported for blue LEDs, such cross-talk (cross-bleaching/illumination) has never been quantified explicitly for the infrared (IR) LEDs, although they are intensively used in IRSL measurements of e.g. feldspar and polymineral samples. In IRSL measurements of feldspar or polymineral samples it is important to keep the time constant between the (midpoint of the) irradiation and the subsequent read out to avoid the malign effects of anomalous fading in laboratory constructed dose response curves. This may be achieved by running all measurements for equivalent dose estimation on a single sample before moving to a subsequent sample (e.g. by using the “run 1 at a time” option in the Risø sequence editor). However, if the measurement sequence is not designed carefully, then using this option may result in a significant depletion of the natural signal on subsequent samples. Here we investigate the size of this reduction due to crossbleaching from the IR diodes and quantify the crossbleaching for 10 different Risø TL/OSL readers produced between 1994 and 2011. We find that cross-bleaching from the IR diodes is worse than from the blue diodes. Using the “run 1 at the time” option can result in significant dose underestimation (1) if the sequence is not split into different sets, or (2) if samples are not placed on every 2nd position. In addition, a newly designed flange for the optical unit of the TL/OSL reader is presented which appears to reduce cross-bleaching significantly.
R package numOSL: numeric routines for optically stimulated luminescence dating
Authors: Peng Jun , Dong ZhiBao , Han Feng Qing , Long Hao , Liu Xiang Jun
Published: January 2025

In luminescence dating, there are various software packages that can be used to do data analysis, such as Analyst, Java RadialPlotter, SigmaplotTM and so on. There is also an open source R package Luminescence, which has the capacity to tackle not only lots of basic statistical analysis but also provide more advanced data treatment. In this article, we present another R package, numOSL, the aim of which is neither to present a comprehensive numeric tool for luminescence dating just as the R package Luminescence did, nor to cover all numeric topics regarding luminescence dating. We focus only on the most frequently encountered numeric problems concerning luminescence dating, including equivalent dose calculation and error estimation, decay signal decomposition, fast-component equivalent dose calculation, and statistical age model optimization. Almost all our code is written in Fortran and is linked to R using an interface in order to improve algorithms, generality and flexibility. This makes it faster and perhaps more powerful when comparing to other numeric software.
DosiVox: Implementing Geant 4-based software for dosimetry simulations relevant to luminescence and ESR dating techniques
Authors: Martin Loic , Incerti Sebastien , Mercier Norbert
Published: January 2025

A C++ code, named DosiVox and based on the Geant4 Monte Carlo simulation toolkit, was developed in order to provide a reliable and flexible tool for modeling a large variety of situations of interest in paleodosimetric dating techniques, and for simulating interactions of usual particles (α, β and γ) through complex geometries. DosiVox allows the user to define a three dimensional grid, in the simulation space whose voxel dimensions, materials and radioactive contents (U, Th, K) are set by a user-friendly graphical interface. No skills in C++ programming are required. Some of the possibilities offered by DosiVox are presented here through a series of examples.
portable system of X-ray irradiation and heating for electron spin resonance (ESR) dating
Authors: Oppermann Frank , Tsukamoto Sumiko
Published: January 2025

In this study we present details of a portable system which contains an X-ray source and heater, designed to irradiate and heat samples within a quartz glass tube for electron spin resonance (ESR) dating. The spatial distribution of the X-ray beam was measured with a radiation sensitive film and the images were scanned and mapped using the Risoescan software. The reproducibility of irradiations was checked by multiple irradiations to alanine. The results confirmed that X-ray irradiations give reproducible doses to samples. The heating component can heat samples between 100◦C and 600◦C and can be used for preheating after irradiation and for resetting the natural signal for regeneration.
Induced thermoluminescence dating of basalts
Authors: Derek W. G. Sears Derek W. G. Sears
Published: January 2025

Several attempts to date basalts using natural thermoluminescence methods have failed because the phosphor, feldspar, displays anomalous fading. In the late nineteen-seventies R.D. May reported an increase in induced TL with age for Hawaiian basalts. Studies of meteorites have shown that induced TL can increase with time (or heating) due either to production of the phosphor by crystallization of glass or the diffusion of impurity quenchers out of the phosphor. The increase can be many orders of magnitude. I therefore propose that induced TL is a potential new method of thermoluminescence dating of basalts. I also suggest that it may be possible to make the method absolute, i.e. not dependent on empirical calibration, by performing the appropriate laboratory kinetic studies.
An improved multiple-aliquot regenerative-dose (MAR) procedure for post-IR IRSL dating of K-feldspar
Authors: Li B. , Jacobs Z. , Roberts R. G.
Published: January 2025

In optical dating, multiple-aliquot dating methods have been considered inferior to single-aliquot methods, due to difficulties inherent to in between-aliquot normalisation. In this study, we propose an improved multiple-aliquot regenerative-dose (MAR) procedure for the multiple-elevated-temperature post-IR IRSL (MET-pIRIR) signals from K-feldspar grains. This method is based on observations that a common, or standardised, growth curve (SGC) exists between different aliquots from the same and different samples, and that between-aliquot variation can be largely eliminated by application of regenerative-dose (’re-normalisation’) or least squares (LS) normalisation procedures. We find that this improved MAR procedure significantly increases the accuracy and precision of De determinations. We tested this method using several sediment samples from Marathousa, a Middle Pleistocene archaeological site in Greece, and demonstrate that, for the K-feldspar grains from these samples, the proposed MAR method overcomes problems associated with inappropriate sensitivity correction of the natural (Ln) and test dose (Tn) signals at low stimulation temperatures (50 – 150 ◦C) more effectively than the SAR method. The MAR method can also reduce instrument time for measurement of older samples.
Bleaching of quartz OSL signals under natural and laboratory light conditions
Authors: Lindvall A. , Stjern R. , Alexanderson H.
Published: January 2025

Resetting or bleaching of the luminescence signal is a fundamental factor in luminescence dating. It must occur in nature during the event or process to be dated for an accurate age, but if it happens during sample processing in the laboratory it destroys the sample for dating purposes. In this study, we look into bleaching of quartz optically stimulated luminescence by light in nature and in the laboratory. Unsieved quartz-rich extracts and 180– 250 µm quartz grains with known doses were exposed to outdoor light and laboratory light sources, respectively, and the change in dose with exposure time was measured. The outdoor conditions included direct sunlight, diffuse light from a cloud-covered sky and weak twilight, while indoor light sources were white fluorescent light, light from a computer screen and red darkroom light. Complete resetting took place only in daylight and was faster during sunny than cloudy conditions, and with bleaching rates that changed with exposure time. For all other light sources, including the darkroom lights, bleaching occurred to various degrees but was not complete after the longest exposure, which ranged from 15 min to 24 hours. The results show that some bleaching occurs even by low-intensity light with a limited spectrum. This implies that care should be taken in the laboratory not to expose samples to any light unnecessarily, but at the same time gives hope for bleaching in nature even in settings with limited or variable light conditions.
Enhancing Analyst by integrating the R package ‘Luminescence’
Authors: Duller G. A. T.
Published: January 2025

A new facility within the software package Analyst is described, allowing users to run R scripts with little or no need to interact directly with the R language themselves. This tight integration of R within Analyst provides users with a much more powerful platform in which to undertake selection and analysis of their data than is currently available. The current implementation focusses on the use of the R ‘Luminescence’ package for visualisation and statistical modelling of equivalent dose distributions, but the wide variety of other capabilities of the R statistical language can also be accessed using this new system. For users with more experience of using R, this new version of Analyst allows them to tailor their analysis in a way that is specific to their application, whilst retaining the simplicity of the Analyst interface. The ability to exploit the complex statistical methods available in R from within the Analyst environment provides a powerful new approach to data analysis in luminescence research.
'RCarb': Dose Rate Modelling of Carbonate-Rich Samples - an Implementation of Carb in R -
Authors: Kreutzer S. , Mauz B. , Martin L. , Mercier N.
Published: January 2025

Geochemical conditions (e.g., pH-value, temperature, availability of CO2) in carbonate-rich sedimentary environments lead to cementation processes, i.e., air or water in the pore space are substituted by mineral phases. Consequently, in such environments the conventional formalism of estimating the environmental dose rate from U, Th and K concentrations (pores are filling by air or water) cannot be overall correct. In 2008, Nathan & Mauz (2008) presented a model to account for dose-rate changes occurring when carbonate minerals replace air and water in the pore space between mineral grains. The underlying MATLAB R code (Carb) was later published by Mauz & Hoffmann (2014). Here we present an implementation of this tool using the statistical programming environment R. Our implementation does not alter the underlying model and its assumption but comes with an updated code basis published as R package under GPL-3 licence conditions.
'gamma': An R Package for Dose Rate Estimation from In-Situ Gamma-Ray Spectrometry Measurements
Authors: Lebrun Brice , Frerebeau Nicolas , Paradol Guilhem , Guérin Guillaume , Mercier Norbert , Tribolo Chantal , Lahaye Christelle , Rizza Magali
Published: January 2025

In situ gamma spectrometry is a useful technique used by the Luminescence and ESR dating community to improve the representativity of dose rate measurements in the context of gamma dose rate heterogeneities around dated material. This paper presents `gamma', a new R package and its graphical user interface `gammaShiny', allowing a reliable and reproducible workflow for in situ gamma spectrometry data analysis in the context of luminescence and ESR dating.
Constraining heterogeneity in the absorbed dose of 50 keV X-ray irradiated samples for EPR dating: simulation and experimental approaches
Authors: Bossin L. , King G.
Published: January 2025

X-band Electron Paramagnetic Resonance (EPR) of quartz requires the irradiation of samples with volumes of ca 3 mm3 , which can be conveniently achieved using commercially available instruments such as the 50 keV X-ray Dose manufactured by Freiberg Instruments. However, X-rays at such low energies can result in highly heterogeneous absorbed doses. In this contribution we use Monte-Carlo particle transport simulations (MCNP6) to characterise the heterogeneity of the radiation field in a 3 mm inner-diameter EPR sample tube irradiated using a 50 kV X-ray generator. From these simulations, we demonstrate that the use of an aluminium filter (200 µm) is redundant when irradiating samples in glass tubes (500 µm wall thickness). Simulations of grain-by-grain absorbed doses across the tubes indicate a maximum of 20 % axial heterogeneity for grains at the tube centre, even when the sample is rotated throughout irradiation. Single-grain luminescence dosimetry measurements were used to experimentally validate the heterogeneity predicted, confirming the modelling results. EPR dosimetry calibration of the X-ray source yielded a dose rate of 0.206 ± 0.005 Gy·s-1 .
Comparing two efficiency calibration methods used in gamma spectrometry
Authors: Mauz B. , Hubmer A. , Bahl C. , Lettner H. , Lang A.
Published: January 2025

The recent inter-laboratory comparison study revealed considerable differences between laboratories for activity concentrations of U, Th and K. One reason for these differences could be materials and methods employed for calibrating the detector’s efficiency. To address this, we determined the activity concentrations of unknown samples originating from variable geochemical environments using two different efficiency calibration methods: one is based on the direct comparison with the non-certified Volkegem internal standard and the other one uses a certified multi-nuclide reference solution and correction factors for full-energy efficiency, emission probability, true coincidence summing and for sample density. The comparison is based on the hypothesis that consistency between the two methods raises the probability that the activity concentrations determined are accurate. We show here that agreement between the two methods is obtained when the Volkegem activity reference values of 40K and 238U-series are raised by 9%. For the 232Th-series agreement is obtained for the two photon peaks at 338 keV and 911 keV when deploying the published activity reference value. We conclude that the efficiency calibration method should not account for more than 10% variability and cannot be the sole reason for the alarming differences revealed by the inter-laboratory comparison study.
لمحة عن مستقبل الحوسبة الكمومية والذكاء الاصطناعي
Authors: بيان فياض محمد هاني
Published: January 2025

يستعرض هذا البحث الآفاق التحويلية التي يُتيحها تلاقي الحوسبة الكمومية والذكاء الاصطناعي، وهما تقنيتان رائدتان يُتوقع أن تُحدثا ثورةً غير مسبوقة في مجالات مثل الرعاية الصحية والمالية وإدارة سلاسل الإمداد. يُعتبر دمج هاتين التقنيتين بمثابة بوابة نحو عصر جديد من الابتكار، متجاوزًا القيود التي تفرضها الأنظمة التقليدية. يتيح هذا الدمج سرعةً وكفاءة وقابلية للتوسع لا مثيل لها في مواجهة التحديات المعقدة. من خلال استثمار المبادئ الأساسية لميكانيكا الكم، تُمكِّن الحوسبة الكمومية الذكاء الاصطناعي من معالجة مجموعات بيانات ضخمة وحل مشكلات كانت تستغرق الأنظمة التقليدية قرونًا لإنجازها. ورغم الفوائد الكبيرة، ألا أن هذا التقدم يواجه تحديات تتعلق بأمان الأنظمة، والاعتبارات الأخلاقية، كما قد تؤدي المنافسة الجيوسياسية إلى إعادة تشكيل ديناميكيات القوة العالمية. ويُختتم البحث برؤية متفائلة حول مستقبل الذكاء الاصطناعي الكمومي، حيث يُتوقع أن يُحدث إنجازات ضخمة بحلول الأربعينيات من هذا القرن، ممهدًا لمستقبل أكثر ذكاءً وكفاءةً واستدامة للجميع.
تصميم نظام هجين بالاعتماد على شبكات التعلم العميق وخوارزميات التعرف على الوجوه للكشف عن المشاعر باستخدام التعابير الوجهية
Authors: نحاس محمد بشير أمير , قديد لارا فتحي , بطيخ محمد أحمد منير
Published: January 2025

الأهداف: في السنوات الأخيرة تزايد الطلب على أنظمة التعرف التلقائي على العواطف للاستخدام في مجالات متعددة، بما في ذلك العمل على تعديل الحالة المزاجية للفرد لتحسين الصحة النفسية، وكذلك المساعدة في كشف مشاعر الأطفال الذين يعانون من طيف التوحد وذلك لعدم قدرتهم على التعبير عن حالتهم المزاجية. يقدم هذا البحث نظاماً (Mood Pulse) مصمماً لمحاولة الكشف عن المشاعر، حيث تم الدمج بين شبكات التعلم العميق وخوارزميات التعرف على الوجوه. حيث أنه في حال الاعتماد على شبكة تعلم عميق فإنه سيتم اعتبار أي كائن سيتم اكتشافه في الصورة كوجه ويتم التعامل معه وتحديد فيما إذا كان يمتلك مشاعر أو لا. وبالتالي سيتم الحصول على تعقيد حسابي كبير، وزمن استجابة كبير جداً، بالإضافة إلى الدقة القليلة في حال وجود أكثر من وجه في نفس الصورة.  المنهجية: تم في هذا البحث أولاً إدخال الصور بعد إجراء بعض عمليات المعالجة الأولية عليها إلى شبكة الطي العصبونية Fer-Net  والتي تم اختيارها بعد تجربة عدة شبكات طي عصبونية، والقيام ببعض التعديلات في بنية الشبكة. ومن ثم استخلاص السمات الوجهية من خلالها، ثم تصنيف هذه السمات المستخلصة إلى المشاعر الأربعة الأساسية. كذلك تم اختبار عدة قواعد بيانات قياسية كلٍ منها على حدا مثل (Fer-2013, AffectNet)  لتدريب الشبكة وتقييمها. لاحقاً تم دمج قواعد البيانات السابقة مع قواعد بيانات أخرى مثل (RAF-DB, CK+)، من أجل زيادة عدد عينات التدريب، وعينات التقييم لعدم الوقوع في مشكلة overfitting. أخيراً قمنا بالربط بين اكتشاف الوجه وشبكة التصنيف التي حصلنا عليها من النموذج المدرب من خلال خوارزمية (MTCNN) من أجل تحديد الوجوه الموجودة في الصورة فقط قبل أن يتم تحليل معالم الوجه وتحديد المشاعر المستخلصة منه. النتائج: في البداية قمنا بإجراء عملية Data augmentation  للبيانات الموجودة في قاعدة البيانات القياسية (Fer-2013) فحصلنا على مشكلة Overfitting  وذلك بسبب تكرار البيانات. من أجل ذلك تم البحث عن جميع قواعد البيانات المستخدمة في مجال الكشف عن المشاعر من أجل زيادة عدد البيانات للأصناف الأساسية المختارة.
Requirements to Improve the Technical Support at Umm Al-Qura University (2019) (Concept Proposal)
Authors: Alqahtani Reem Metlea Mohamed , Almarghlani Reham Zahir Omar
Published: January 2025

This paper aims to examine the requirements for improving technical support services at Umm Al-Qura University in 2019, focusing on all stakeholders who benefit from these services, including (faculty members, students, and administrative staff) and the technical support team. To gather insights on the challenges faced by these stakeholders, the study employed two methods: direct interviews with experts and electronic surveys.  The findings revealed several issues, including difficulties in communication between beneficiaries and technical support, a lack of documentation regarding the support team's activities, and an inability to assess beneficiary satisfaction with the provided services.  In response to these challenges, the proposed concept is the development of a mobile application designed to facilitate requests for technical support, thereby enhancing communication among all stakeholders and the technical support team. This application will provide numerous benefits, such as documenting the workflow of the support team, which will allow for the analysis of performance, productivity, and verification of user satisfaction. Additionally, the application aims to streamline the educational process and create a learning environment equipped with effective technological solutions, backed by a dedicated technical support team, The researcher recommends Implementing a user-friendly smartphone application for requesting technical support, Organizing specialized training sessions on how to use the application for technical support services and Providing internet access across the university to facilitate technical support requests when needed.
المواطنة الرقمية في المدرسة العمانية: توظيف معلمي الدراسات الاجتماعية لأبعاد المواطنة الرقمية في الموقف التعليمي بمدارس التعليم الأساسي
Authors: السعيدي حميد مسلم , البلوشي فهد عبدالله , الكعبي محمد سعيد , البريكية عائشة عبدالله
Published: January 2025

هدفت الدراسة إلى قياس مستوى توظيف معلمي الدراسات الاجتماعية لأبعاد المواطنة الرقمية في الموقف التعليمي بمدارس التعليم الأساسي، واستخدم الباحثون المنهج الوصفي، وذلك بتطبيق بطاقة الملاحظة، حيث تكونت الأداة من (30) فقرة موزعة على ثلاثة أبعاد: التعليم، والحماية، والاحترام، وبعد التحقق من صدق الأداة وثباتها؛ تم تطبيقها على عينة بلغت (119) معلماً ومعلمة، وكشفت نتائج الدراسة بأن مستوى توظيف معلمي الدراسات الاجتماعية لأبعاد المواطنة الرقمية في الموقف الصفي في مدارس التعليم الأساسي بسلطنة عمان جاءت بدرجة متوسطة، وجاء بُعد الاحترام في المرتبة الأولى، ثم الحماية، وأخيراً التعليم. كما كشفت الدراسة عن وجود فروق ذات دلالة إحصائية عند مستوى (α≤0.05) عند مستوى الدلالة(α=0.05) في مستوى توظيف المعلمين لأبعاد المواطنة الرقمية تُعزى لمتغير الجنس لصالح الإناث، ومتغير التدريب لصالح المعلمين الذي حصلوا على التدريب. كما أظهرت النتائج عدم وجود فروق ذات دلالة إحصائية عند مستوى (α≤0.05) عند مستوى الدلالة (α=0.05) في مستوى استخدام المعلمين لأبعاد المواطنة الرقمية تُعزى إلى متغير التخصص، بناء على النتائج أوصى الباحثون بضرورة تدريب المعلمين على التربية على المواطنة الرقمية، وتضمين المواطنة الرقمية في البرامج والمشاريع الطلابية بالمدرسة.
إعداد خطة تحكم في تكلفة تنفيذ مشروع لشركة مقاولات VR:00 (05-2019)
Authors: سنجاب محمد مهند أحمد
Published: January 2025

تهدف الدراسة إلى نشر المعرفة حول الية ضبط تكاليف مشروع اثناء تنفيذه، وبدأ الباحث بمقدمة عن مفهوم خطة التحكم بالتكلفة واختلافها عن الدفاتر المحاسبية التي لا تعطي نتائج عن حالة المشروع الا بعد الانتهاء ويبين البحث علاقة خطة ضبط التكلفة المنوطة بمرحلة تنفيذ المشروع بالهندسة القيمية التي تشملها إضافة الى مرحلتي التصميم والتشغيل، ويتناول شرح دورة ضبط التكلفة ( تقدير التكلفة – الموازنة – المراقبة – التحليل – التصحيح –إعادة تقدير ) ودعمه بشكل توضيحي مطور يبين العلاقات بين الجهات المشاركة به ( الموقع، المستودعات، العقود،الحسابات، المعدات والآليات، إدارة المشاريع، الإدارة المالية، الإدارة العليا) ثم يشرح آلية التطبيق بتحديد مراكز التكلفة وخط اساس التكلفة ثم رصد التكاليف بأنواعها (مواد، معدات، عمالة، مقاولين، خدمات، نثريات..) وضبطها وفق نماذج مرفقة بنهاية البحث ثم المقارنة والتحليل والتحديث باستخدام الأدوات التقنية وأهمها القيمة المكتسبة وعامل أداء التكلفة، وتم ارفاق جدول يوضح حالة المشروع وفقا للمؤشرات التقنية وكذلك مخطط نموذجي للتدفقات النقدية موضحا عليه تباينات القيم التقنية مأخوذا من احد المراجع، وتم جمع ما يتوفر من خبرات ونماذج عمل وتأصيلها من المراجع وعمل برنامج اكسل يحسب التباينات بين القيم المكتسبة والمستهدفة ويحسب عوامل الأداء التقنية للتنبؤ بحالة المشروع عند اكتماله ويحسب تقدير التكلفة المتبقية من اجل وضع التوصيات. وخلصت الدراسة إلى الحصول على وثيقة إجراءات ونماذج لخطة ضبط تكلفة تنفيذ مشروع مبسطة مناسبة لشركات المقاولات.
تقييم جودة التصميم وآثاره على التنفيذ بمشاريع السكن الخاص بالكويت
Authors: بومجداد صادق يحيى , النخيلي محمد عزت
Published: January 2025

ظهرت العديد من المشاكل الفنية بمرحلة الانشاء في بعض مشروعات السكن الخاص بدولة الكويت، تم ارجاع بعض من أسبابها الى انخفاض جودة التصميم، وحيث أن جودة وثائق التصميم من العوامل الفعالة التي تسهم في نجاح وكفاءة مشاريع البناء، فقد تناولت الدراسة تقييم جودة تصميم السكن الخاص والعوامل المؤثرة على مستوى جودة التصميم وتأثير تلك العوامل على جودة تنفيذ المشروع ووسائل رفع الجودة في مرحلة التصميم. تم الاستفادة من الدراسات السابقة ومقابلات الخبراء واتباع المنهج الوصفي التحليلي بالدراسة ببيانات كمية ونوعية حيث تم تحليل حالات دراسية لمشروعات سكن خاص بالكويت، كما تم جمع البيانات الكمية من خلال استخدام الاستبانة كأداة للحصول على الاستجابات للعينة من أطراف المشروع، وقد أظهرت نتائج الدراسة ضعف مستوى التصميم ووثائقه بصفة عامة في مشروعات السكن الخاص بالكويت حيث ساهم في تأخير تنفيذ المشروعات بنسبة متوسطة بلغت 51.8% من اجمالي عوامل تأخير المشروع بينما ساهم في زيادة تكلفة المشروعات بنسبة متوسطة بلغت 39.3% من اجمالي عوامل زيادة التكلفة وقد ارتبط قصور التصميم بعدة عوامل تسبب فيها استشاري المشروع أبرزها ضعف المستوى الفني وعدم التنسيق بين المخططات والوثائق المرتبطة بها وعدم مراجعة المشروع وعدم تقديم تفاصيل كافية للتنفيذ والنسخ من مشاريع سابقة مماثلة، بينما كان من أهم العوامل التي تسبب فيها مالك المشروع عدم القدرة على تحديد احتياجاته بوضوح ودقة نتيجة ضعف خبرته واختيار الاستشاري على أساس السعر على حساب الكفاءة وقيامه بالتعديل على التصميم أثناء تنفيذ المشروع، فضلاً عن عوامل أخرى اقل تأثيرا منها ضعف الاتصال بين اطراف المشروع وعدم اتاحة الوقت الكافي للتصميم وعدم وجود كود تصميم محلي موحد.  وتم وضع إطار شامل من التوصيات لرفع جودة مرحلة التصميم كان من أهمها تفعيل الرقابة والتقييم المستمر للمكاتب الاستشارية، وتفعيل نهجا شاملا لتقييم جودة التصميم وحصول أطقم التصميم على تصاريح مزاولة مهنة من جمعية المهندسين الكويتية بعد تقييم قدراتهم ونشر الوعي بين مالكي المشروعات بمعايير اختيار الاستشاري.
Computed isotope shifts of high-frequency vibrational modes exceed thermal noise in propionate bound to a human olfactory receptor
Authors: Williams Jacob , Marszalek Piotr , Yang Weitao
Published: January 2025

Despite its ubiquity in nature, some details of the animal olfactory system remain unclear. One such mystery is the mechanism by which olfactory receptors (ORs) recognize the olfactant molecules they bind to. Some evidence indicates that ORs can distinguish between molecules that differ only in isotopic composition, suggesting that olfactants' vibrational modes may play a role in their recognition. In 2023, the first experimental structure of a human olfactory receptor—OR51E2—was produced, providing computational scientists an opportunity to shed additional light on this problem. We compute the infrared spectrum of the olfactant propionate (C2H5COO–) in the OR51E2 binding site by quantum mechanics/molecular mechanics, with atomic positions taken at 25 time points over a 500 ns molecular dynamics simulation. By comparing the spectra for all 32 possible hydrogen/deuterium isotopic combinations in propionate and across the time snapshots, we estimate the relative strength of the isotope effects and thermal fluctuations in the vibrational energy of C2H5COO–. The high-frequency C–H modes are are about 800 cm^{-1} higher in energy than their deuterated counterparts, a large separation relative both to their fluctuations over time and to the thermal energy available at physiological temperature. Lower-frequency vibrations do not display such a clear isotopic separation. Thus, any vibrational component to olfactant recognition—especially one that allows distinguishing between isotopes—is likely to involve these high-frequency modes.
Supersaturation, Nucleation, and Phase Separation of Mesoscopic Materials
Authors: Kang Jingyu , Kim Donghee , Song Sanggeun , Han Jonghwa , Jung Yongwon , Yoon Sangwoon , Ryu Youngjae , Kim Sungjee , Kim Byung Hyo , Choi Jeong-Mo , Yang Mino , Jang Joonkyung , Hyeon Taeghwan , Park Jungwon , Kim Ji-Hyun , Sung Jaeyoung
Published: January 2025

Supersaturation, nucleation, and phase separation are ubiquitous phenomena of great interest in both science and industry. However, a unified, quantitative understanding of these phenomena has yet to be achieved for mesoscopic materials. Here, we present a set of general equations that determine the monomer saturation degree, the size distribution and free energy of mesoscopic materials, as well as their phase transition conditions. These equations reveal that, under supersaturation, the largest cluster size (LCS) is an important state-variable; the supersaturation degree decreases with the LCS, approaching unity in the macroscopic limit. We identify the critical supersaturation condition, above which the nuclei undergo the phase transition to form large crystals. Below this critical supersaturation, the nucleus size distribution is either a unimodal function or a monotonically decreasing function of size, depending on system and temperature. We also predict the most probable nucleus size and the direction of spontaneous changes of the LCS. Our theory provides a unified, quantitative explanation of the nucleus-size-distribution across six different systems, including nanoparticles and biological condensates. This work will serve as a general theoretical framework for understanding, predicting, and designing nucleation and phase transitions in mesoscopic material systems.
Simplified tuning of long-range corrected time-dependent density functional theory
Authors: Mandal Aniket , Herbert John
Published: January 2025

Range-separated hybrid functionals have dramatically improved the description of charge-transfer excitations in time-dependent density functional theory (TD-DFT), especially when the range-separation parameter is adjusted in order to satisfy the ionization energy (IE) criterion, eHOMO = –IE. However, this "optimal tuning" procedure is molecule-specific, inconvenient, expensive for systems, and can be problematic in extended or periodic systems. Here, we consider an alternative procedure known as global density-dependent (GDD) tuning, which sets the range-separation parameter in an automated way based on properties of the exchange hole, determined self-consistently. In small molecules, we find that both IE- and GDD-tuned functionals afford remarkably similar TD-DFT excitation energies for both valence and charge-transfer excitations. However, GDD tuning is more efficient and is well-behaved even for large systems, providing a black-box solution to the optimal tuning problem. GDD tuning can thus replace IE tuning for many applications of TD-DFT.