bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The Comparison of Partial Hemivertebrae Resection Versus Total Hemivertebrae Resection in Children With Congenital Scoliosis
Authors: Alonge Emmanuel , Zhang Gengming , Zhang HongQi , Guo Chaofeng , Ang Deng
Published: August 2024

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES:

The surgical intervention for hemivertebra removal is complex, leading to a lack of a definitive solution. We aim to compare the clinical efficacy of less invasive, partial hemivertebra resection vs total hemivertebra resection in children.

METHODS:

Between 2011 and 2016, a retrospective study was conducted on a cohort of 43 patients diagnosed with congenital scoliosis coexisting with hemivertebrae. This study evaluated the outcomes of a posterior-only surgical approach, dividing the cohort into 2 groups based on the surgical technique applied: 23 patients underwent total hemivertebrae resection (TR), whereas 20 patients received partial hemivertebrae resection (PR), accompanied by short-segment fusion.

RESULTS:

There were 43 patients with congenital scoliosis associated with hemivertebrae in both the PR and TR groups. The average age at the time of surgery was 6.3 ± 2.0 years for the PR group and 6.0 ± 1.9 years for the TR group. The PR group exhibited a comparable correction rate of the Cobb angle at postoperation (4.3 ± 4.9 and 2.2 ± 3.2, P = .174) and the last follow-up (7.8 ± 1.3 and 5.5 ± 2.3, P = .113) compared with the TR group.

CONCLUSION:

Partial hemivertebra resection is efficient and secure. A less invasive technique obtained an equivalent, well-maintained correction rate to the total hemivertebra resection. However, this is the initial result, and the patients continue to be followed; we will await the results of the outcome at full-growth sprouts.
Robotic Resection of Spinal and Paraspinal Tumors
Authors: Barzilai Ori , Goh Alvin C. , Park Bernard , Rusch Valerie , Weiser Martin , Leitao Mario M. , Reiner Anne S. , Newman William Christopher , Bilsky Mark H.
Published: August 2024

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES:

Robotic arm surgical systems provide minimally invasive access and are commonly used in multiple surgical fields, with limited application in neurosurgery. Our institutional experience has led us to explore the benefits of a neurosurgeon trained to perform robotic surgery as part of a multidisciplinary team. The objective of this study is to evaluate the feasibility, safety, and outcomes of robotic resection for spinal nerve sheath tumors (NST).

METHODS:

Retrospective case series of robotic-assisted intracavitary approaches and resection of NSTs including thoracic, retroperitoneal, and transperitoneal. Surgical outcomes are compared to a historical cohort of open surgical resection of NSTs.

RESULTS:

Nineteen cases presented, of which 2 were combined posterior spinal followed by robotic tumor resection. One of 19 cases was converted to an open surgery. Gross total resection was achieved in all cases. There were 2 cases of postoperative Horner's syndrome, and 1 case with an intraoperative durotomy that was repaired primarily with no postoperative sequelae. Median estimated blood loss was 50 cc (range: 5-650) and median length of stay was 1 day (range: 0-6), with 9 (47.4%) patients discharged on postoperative day 1 and 3 (15.8%) patients discharged on an outpatient basis. Compared with our previously reported institutional outcomes for open resection of 25 tumors, there was a significant increase in rates of gross total resection (100 vs 60%, P = .002) and decrease in length of stay (median 1 vs 5 days, P < .0001).

CONCLUSION:

Robotic resection of complex paraspinal tumors appears safe and effective including for preservation of neurological function and may reduce surgical morbidity. Integration of robotic surgical platforms holds the potential to significantly affect neurological surgery.
The Temporal Effects of Altitude and Low Energy Availability Manipulation on Resting Metabolic Rate in Female Race Walkers
Authors: KUIKMAN MEGAN A. , MCKAY ALANNAH K. A. , MCCORMICK RACHEL , TEE NICOLIN , VALLANCE BRENT , ACKERMAN KATHRYN E. , HARRIS RACHEL , ELLIOTT-SALE KIRSTY J. , STELLINGWERFF TRENT , BURKE LOUISE M.
Published: August 2024

Purpose

This study aimed to investigate the temporal effects of ~1800 m altitude exposure and energy availability (EA) manipulation on resting metabolic rate (RMR).

Methods

Twenty elite female race walkers underwent a 3-wk training camp at an altitude of ~1800 m. During the first 2 wk, athletes consumed a high EA (HEA) diet of 45 kcal·kg fat-free mass (FFM)−1·d−1. During the final week, half the athletes consumed a low EA (LEA) diet of 15 kcal·kg FFM−1·d−1, whereas the others continued on an HEA diet. Athletes followed individualized training plans throughout the study. To assess the effect of altitude on RMR, athletes in the HEA group had RMR measured at baseline (~580 m) before altitude exposure (Pre-alt), at 36 h (36h-alt), 2 wk (Wk2-alt), and 3 wk into altitude exposure (Wk3-alt), and at 36 h post-altitude exposure at ~580 m (36h-post). To assess the effect of LEA exposure on RMR while at altitude, athletes in the LEA group underwent RMR measurements at Pre-alt and before (Wk2-alt) and after the 7 d of LEA (Wk3-alt).

Results

Compared with Pre-alt, the RMR of HEA athletes was increased at 36h-alt (+5.3% ± 3.1%; P = 0.026) and Wk2-alt (+4.9% ± 4.9%; P = 0.049), but was no longer elevated at Wk3-alt (+1.7% ± 4.2%; P = 0.850). The RMR of HEA athletes at 36h-post was lower than all timepoints at altitude (P < 0.05) but was not different from Pre-alt (−3.9% ± 7.2%; P = 0.124). The 7-d period of LEA exposure at altitude did not affect RMR (P = 0.347).

Conclusions

RMR was transiently increased with ~1800-m altitude exposure in female athletes and was unaffected by short-term LEA. However, the altitude-induced increase was small (~25–75 kcal·d−1) and was unlikely to have clinically significant implications for daily energy requirements.
Case Report: Tolosa-Hunt syndrome, a neuroinflammatory origin of painful ophthalmoplegia
Authors: Abdelrahman Amro , Elgassim Moayad , Abdalkarim Asmaa , Babiker Anas Mohamed , Abdeen Muhnad , Abass Shahd M. , Babiker Isra , Algaly Gufran , Fadul Khalid Y. , Ahmed Sara M.I. , Bagi Fajr Jamal A. , Abugabala Muhammad , Saied Amin , Elgassim Mohamed
Published: August 2024

Background Tolosa-Hunt syndrome is a rare neuroinflammatory disease that affects the cavernous sinus and superior orbital fissure, resulting in symptoms of neuropathy. Case presentation We report a case of a 35-year-old male patient with no past medical history who presented to the emergency department (ED) complaining of a four-day history of progressively increasing headaches associated with right eye pain and double vision. A physical examination showed findings suggestive of abducens nerve palsy. A computed tomography (CT) scan showed subtle asymmetric thickening of the right cavernous sinus, which prompted further investigation by magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) scan. The MRI scan showed intensely enhanced soft tissue thickening in the right cavernous sinus region, slightly extending to the right orbital apex, which caused enlargement of the cavernous sinus and appeared isointense to the adjacent muscles on T1 and T2. The diagnosis of Tolosa-Hunt syndrome was made after the exclusion of all other possible pathologies. The patient received prednisolone therapy; his symptoms improved, and he was discharged after three days. Two weeks later, the patient presented again to the ED with the same symptoms and was treated symptomatically. Conclusions This case highlights a very rare etiology for painful ophthalmoplegia, which is Tolosa-Hunt syndrome. Thickening of the cavernous sinus on MRI images with a background history of painful ophthalmoplegia and headache should raise clinician’s suspicion towards the disease. In addition, exclusion of other possible causes is very important, as Tolosa-Hunt syndrome is a diagnosis of exclusion.
Exploring the acceptance of robotic assisted surgery among the Indian population: An empirical investigation
Authors: Nayak Smitha , Nayak Vinod C. , G. S. Sathvika
Published: August 2024

Background Technology has completely transformed healthcare, starting with X-ray machines and MRIs to telehealth and robotic surgeries to e-health records. The launch of minimally invasive surgery (MIS) serves as a milestone in medical history, offering benefits such as smaller incisions, shorter hospital stays, and faster recovery, making it a preferred surgical option. This study mainly explores patients’ willingness to adopt robot-assisted surgery (RAS) technology in a surgical intervention and is assessed in the backdrop of the Technology Acceptance Model (TAM). Methods This research project employs a post-positivist research philosophy and a cross-sectional research design. A structured, pre-tested questionnaire was used to collect data from 280 respondents. Results The results revealed that trust had a significant impact on Perceived Usefulness (β = 0.099) and Perceived Ease of Use (β = .157), and eHealth literacy had a significant impact on Perceived Ease of Use (β = 0.438) and Perceived Usefulness (β = 0.454). Additionally, Perceived Usefulness partially influenced behavioral intention (β = 0.123), and attitude had a significant influence on behavioral intention (β = 0.612). The analysis revealed an insignificant impact of eHealth literacy on Perceived Usefulness (β = 0.067). The Standard Root Mean Square Residual (SRMR) value was <0.8. Mediation analysis also revealed partial mediation between the constructs. The SRMR rating of this model is 0.067, indicating that it fits the data well. Conclusion This study revealed that a patient's intention will be high if he or she believes that RAS is beneficial in treating his or her ailment. In comparison, information related to RAS is clearly known, and it does not directly affect selection intention. eHealth literacy is a significant antecedent to patients’ behavioral intention. Hence, the healthcare industry must devise strategies to promote the acceptance of RAS at all levels.
Comprehensive Analysis of Demographic, Clinical, and Genetic Characteristics in Acute Myocardial Infarction Patients
Authors: Pham-Thi Ngoc-Nga , Tran-Thi Thu-Lan , Duong Hong-Quan , Do Hoang-Long , Huynh Trung-Cang , Le Trung-Son , Do Tan-Khang
Published: August 2024

Background Coronary artery disease (CAD) and acute myocardial infarction (AMI) are substantial contributors to the global disease burden and mortality. The ANRIL gene polymorphism rs1333040 has been implicated in susceptibility to cardiovascular disease; however, its role in the Vietnamese population remains unclear. Methods A cross-sectional study was conducted on 185 Vietnamese patients diagnosed with acute coronary syndrome (ACS), and clinical data, medical history, and biochemical parameters were recorded. ANRIL SNP rs1333040 was genotyped using PCR-RFLP. Genotype frequencies were assessed for Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium and their association with cardiovascular risk factors. Results The ‘Normal’ BMI (Body Mass Index) category was the largest segment, comprising 77.84% of the sample. Key cardiovascular risk factors identified among patients with AMI included hypertension (83.8%), dyslipidemia (80.0%), smoking (50.0%), and diabetes mellitus (33.8%). Clinical presentation showed that 55.0% of patients had non-ST-elevation myocardial infarction (NSTEMI) and 45.0% had ST-elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI). Lipid profile abnormalities were significant; 60.0% had decreased High-Density Lipoprotein Cholesterol (HDL-C), 53.8% had elevated triglycerides, 37.5% had elevated Low-Density Lipoprotein Cholesterol (LDL-C), and 36.3% had elevated total cholesterol levels. Genetic analysis focused on the rs1333040 polymorphism of the ANRIL gene, with the most common genotype being TT (58.8%), followed by CT (33.7%) and CC (7.5%). Allele frequencies were 75.6% for T and 24.4% for C. This study is the clinical implications of ANRIL polymorphisms in Vietnamese patients with CAD and AMI. Significant genotype-phenotype associations were observed, underscoring the importance of incorporating genetic screening for enhanced prognostic capabilities and personalized therapeutic decisions. Further research focused on delineating the precise genetic underpinnings of complex cardiovascular diseases in diverse populations is warranted.
University Dropout: A Systematic Review of the Main Determinant Factors
Authors: Quincho Apumayta Raul , Carrillo Cayllahua Javier , Ccencho Pari Abraham , Inga Choque Vilma , Cárdenas Valverde Juan Carlos , Huamán Ataypoma Delsio
Published: August 2024

Introduction This research is a systematic review aimed at synthesizing scientific evidence on the causes of university dropout, focusing on the subcategories of vocational guidance, academic performance, socioeconomic status, and institutional aspects between 2020 and June 2024. Methods Only articles addressing university dropout were considered, analyzing dimensions such as vocational guidance, academic performance, socioeconomic status, and institutional aspects. Articles published in indexed scientific journals with double-blind, double-blind peer, or open reviews between 2020 and June 2024 were included. The main databases used were Scopus, Web of Science, and Google Scholar. To assess the risk of bias in qualitative studies, the criteria from the article “Validity criteria for qualitative research: three epistemological strands for the same purpose” were used. For quantitative studies, the criteria from the article “Evaluating survey research in articles published in Library Science journals” were followed. For mixed-method studies, both sets of criteria were combined. Results A total of 23 studies were included: 15 quantitative (65.22%), 3 qualitative (13.04%), and 5 mixed-method (21.74%). All studies (100%) addressed the subcategories of socioeconomic status and institutional aspects. Regarding the academic performance subcategory, 86% of the studies addressed it, while the vocational guidance subcategory was covered by 73.91% of the studies. Conclusions Vocational guidance, academic performance, socioeconomic status, and institutional aspects are crucial for reducing university dropout. Providing adequate professional guidance, academic support, financial assistance, and strong institutional support is fundamental to improving student retention and academic success.
Beyond Vicarious Storytelling: How Level Telling Fields Could Help Create a Fair Narrative on Migration
Authors: Gebauer Carolin , Sommer Roy
Published: August 2024

Life stories play a crucial role in migration discourses: they serve as testimony in journalistic work, form the core of ambassadorial storytelling by non-governmental organizations (NGOs), and inspire collaborative projects initiated by writers seeking to express their solidarity. However, this article argues, drawing on migrants’ experiences for such purposes also creates an ethical dilemma: speaking about–or even for–rather than with migrants assigns them a passive role and tends to recycle existing narrative patterns and templates. Starting with a generic distinction between what we call stories of migration (various forms of self-expression granting migrants full authority and control over their narrative) and narratives on migration (external perspectives, e.g., academic, economic, political, and legal approaches, detached from lived experience), we explore the extensive middle ground of hybrid forms between these two extremes–i.e., different kinds of vicarious storytelling–before addressing their ethical implications. We further discuss how the metaphor of the level playing field, a key concept in economics, can be used in transdisciplinary research projects to establish level telling fields (LTFs), i.e., communicative spaces characterized by a fair dialogue on an equal footing for all participants.
Case Report: Herpes simplex virus type 2 (HSV-2) meningo-encephalitis associated with traumatic brain injury – a case report from Lao PDR
Authors: Vannachone Souphaphone , Chanthamavong Anouphet , Vongsouvath Malavanh , Sayasene Phetkim , Vongsouvath Manivanh , Dubot-Pérès Audrey , Ashley Elizabeth , Evans Terry John
Published: August 2024

Background Neurological symptoms following head trauma are common; however, the cause may not always be obvious. In the absence of open wounds, fractures, or surgical interventions, infectious causes may not be considered, and investigations may not be targeted to investigate this possibility. Case A 39-year-old male presented with a severe headache, reduced consciousness, and confusion. Two days earlier, he had been discharged from the hospital, where he had been treated for traumatic brain injury with subarachnoid hemorrhage following a road traffic accident. Herpes simplex virus type 2 (HSV-2) was detected in the cerebrospinal fluid, confirming the diagnosis of viral meningoencephalitis. He was treated with oral aciclovir for two weeks and achieved full neurological recovery. Conclusions This case highlights the risk of viral reactivation following trauma, particularly head injuries. Central nervous system infections should be considered in cases of delayed deterioration following trauma. The optimal treatment of herpes simplex virus (HSV) encephalitis may be challenging in resource-limited settings.
Intra-articular fracture reduction: a comparative observational study of clinical results after the surgical treatment of distal radius fractures
Authors: Kim Dong Suk , Kim Seung Je , Shim Jae Woo
Published: August 2024

Purpose: This study compared the outcomes of intra-articular fracture reduction for distal radius fractures. Methods: Among 180 patients who underwent open reduction and plate fixation, the exclusion criteria were as follows: non-acute fracture (>1 month), an accompanying ulnar neck fracture, a distal ulnar fracture requiring fixation, fixation through the dorsal approach, other accompanying hand fractures, the absence of preoperative or postoperative computed tomography (CT), and follow-up for <1 year. Intra-articular fractures were evaluated through CT. Forty-eight patients with intra-articular fractures were studied. Displaced intra-articular fractures were defined as: (1) articular step-off ≥1 mm, (2) fracture gap ≥2 mm, or (3) gross incongruence. Reduction was classified as good (n=23) or poor (n=25) based on postoperative CT. The pain visual analogue scale (pVAS), the quick Disabilities of the Arm, Shoulder, and Hand (DASH) questionnaire, and range of motion of the wrist joint were compared between both groups.Results: No significant between-group differences were found in the preoperative demographic data and the postoperative pVAS and quick DASH scores (pVAS: 0.6 vs. 0.8 and quick DASH: 9.4 vs. 10.2 in the good vs. poor reduction groups, respectively). However, the flexion-extension arc was significantly restricted in the poor reduction group (162° in the good reduction group vs. 146° in the poor reduction group, p<0.001).Conclusion: The reduction of the articular surface was not related to pain and functional results at the mid-term follow-up after the surgical treatment of intra-articular distal radius fractures. However, insufficient fracture reduction affected the postoperative range of motion.
Trivial benefits: how care home managers can give tax-free gifts to employees
Authors: Bernstein Adam
Published: August 2024

Adam Bernstein discusses the tax-free benefit rule that allows care home managers to give their staff gifts.
Performance comparison of various end-to-end learning technologies with a bandwidth-limited OWC system
Authors: Wei Yuan , Chen Chaoxu , Yao Li , Zhang Haoyu , Li Ziwei , Shen Chao , Zhang Junwen , Chi Nan , Shi Jianyang
Published: August 2024

Recently, end-to-end (E2E) learning methodologies have garnered significant attention as a compelling approach to attain global optimal communication within the domain of 6 G native intelligent systems. Nevertheless, a precise evaluation of the diverse E2E techniques is still lacking, leading to uncertainties regarding their applicable scenarios and effectiveness. In this paper, we present a comprehensive comparison applying three advanced E2E methods including the autoencoder-based geometric shaping (AEGS) model, comprehensive autoencoder (CAE) model, and wave-wise auto-equalization (WWAE) model in a real bandwidth-limited optical wireless communication (OWC) system. A novel attention-based comprehensive noise joint channel estimator (ACNJCE) is proposed to serve as a universal channel model adaptable to the existing E2E methods. Based on traditional carrier-less amplitude and phase modulation (CAP) modulation, AEGS, WWAE, and CAE are compared under the conditions of 2 GBaud and 3 GBaud respectively. The final results demonstrate that the CAE exhibits the capability to autonomously allocate bandwidth and achieves the highest dynamic adjustment range, which is increased by 69% compared with CAP based on neural network (NN) equalization. In contrast, AEGS has obvious advantages in terms of received optical power (ROP) gain. Based on bit-power loading discrete multi-tone modulation (DMT) modulation, WWAE can effectively compensate the signal spectrum after modulation order optimization and finally achieves the highest data rate under the condition that the −3 dB bandwidth of the channel is only close to 1 GHz. The BER of WWAE with DMT at this rate is 25.2% of that using the NN equalization. Furthermore, experimental results under turbulent conditions reveal that AEGS exhibits superior and more stable performance amidst the perturbations caused by turbulence due to its ability to achieve end-to-end autonomous optimization while integrating traditional modulation and bringing additional shaping gain. According to our knowledge, this marks the first comprehensive evaluation and comparison of existing major E2E algorithms and traditional communication algorithms in a real OWC system.
Forced carrier perturbation opens a loophole for chip-based continuous variable quantum key distribution system
Authors: Li Lang , Huang Peng , Wang Tao , Yin Hanwen , Zeng Guihua
Published: August 2024

The integration of the continous-variable quantum key distribution(CVQKD) system is an important technical route with great potential value for constructing high-performance and low-cost CVQKD system. In all previous CVQKD studies, the quantum efficiency of the detector can be calibrated in advance and is considered to remain unchanged. But when the size of the system shrinks to the on-chip level, especially in the premise of non-uniform waveguide, heavy doping and other factors, effects such as free carrier absorption and scattering loss will become prominent, which will directly cause carriers undergo violent migration due to the tiny jitter of the local oscillator and further lead to dynamical variation of quantum efficiency of detection. In this paper, we propose a practical chip-based detector model, and numerous simulation results based on this model show that the practical system will face potential security threats due to the variable quantum efficiency. Moreover, two defense strategies are proposed to solve these practical security problems commonly exist in general chip-based CVQKD systems. This work breaks the inherent viewpoint that the quantum efficiency in the chip-based CVQKD system can still be calibrated in advance, and suggests a more rigorous consideration of practical security for development of chip-based CVQKD.
Source and mask optimization for stability of reticle and wafer stages
Authors: Shen Hao , Zhang Libin , Rui Dinghai , Liu Ge , Su Yajuan , Wei Yayi , Fang Ming
Published: August 2024

The relative motion of the reticle stage and wafer stage caused by vibration during the scanning exposure process of the lithography machine is an important factor that affects the imaging quality under limited lithography ability. In this paper, the influence of the vibration of the lithography stage system on the lithography imaging quality is studied. The lithography model including the vibration error of the stage is taken into account in the framework of source and mask optimization (SMO). For the 193-nm immersion lithography machine, combined with different design patterns with a line width of 40 nm and different vibration states of the stage when the lithography machine is exposed, the SMO joint optimization research is carried out, and the robustness of the stage under the limit process after SMO optimization is explored. The research results show that the contrast and relative light intensity change of the limit design figure under the influence of moving standard deviation (MSD) will greatly affect the linewidth at the light intensity threshold and then affect the process window (PW). The SMO including MSD allows the MSD to change in the range of 0-6 nm without changing the PW.
Foundry manufacturing of octave-spanning microcombs
Authors: Zang Jizhao , Liu Haixin , Briles Travis C. , Papp Scott B.
Published: August 2024

Soliton microcombs provide a chip-based, octave-spanning source for
self-referencing and optical metrology. We use a silicon nitride
integrated photonics foundry to manufacture 280 single-chip solutions
of octave-spanning microcombs on a wafer. By group-velocity dispersion
(GVD) engineering with the waveguide cross section, we shape the
soliton spectrum for dispersive-wave spectral enhancements at the
frequencies for f-2f self-referencing. Moreover, we demonstrate the
other considerations, including models for soliton spectrum design,
ultra-broadband resonator external coupling, low-loss edge couplers,
and the nonlinear self-interactions of few-cycle solitons. To cover
the fabrication tolerance, we systematically scan 336 parameter sets
of resonator width and radius, ensuring at least one device on each
chip can yield an octave-spanning comb with an electronically
detectable carrier-envelope offset frequency, which has been supported
by our experiment. Our design and testing process permit highly
repeatable creation of single-chip solutions of soliton microcombs
optimized for pump operation ∼100 mW and high comb mode power for f-2f
detection, which is the central component of a compact microsystem for
optical metrology.
Viewpoint-dependent lighting on polygonal holograms using bump mapping
Authors: Wang Fan , Blinder David , Udjaja Yogi , Ito Tomoyoshi , Shimobaba Tomoyoshi
Published: August 2024

Holograms can be observed from different viewpoints, because light
waves can be encoded to propagate in multiple directions. Thus,
accurate holograms for 3D display should model viewpoint-dependent
light reflections. We proposed a new, to the best of our knowledge,
hologram generation method for objects represented by polygonal
meshes, whose lighting changes as the viewer moves, all while
rendering smooth shading using low-poly objects. The proposed method
leverages bump mapping and converts it into a bump-phase map encoding
the propagation frequency and then spreads the reflected light wave so
that only a specific viewpoint can receive them. Simulation
experiments with small pixel pitches confirm the method’s high
computational performance.
Magnetic tuning with minimal thermal drift in high-Q microspheres coated with magnetorheological polydimethylsiloxane
Authors: Jin Xiaoling , Chen Mengmeng , Zheng Jihui , Xu Enming , Jiang Chen , Zhou Kaiming , Sun Bing , Zhang Zuxing
Published: August 2024

Integration of whispering-gallery-mode (WGM) resonators with high-quality factors (Q) into advanced timing, oscillator, and sensing systems demands a platform that enables precise resonance frequency modulation. This study investigates the tuning characteristics of magnetorheological polydimethylsiloxane (MR-PDMS) coated microspheres (µ-spheres) employed as magnetic microresonators, achieving a Q value of 107 at the 1550 nm wavelength. Magnetic WGM resonators not only endow the device with magnetic adjustability but also markedly improve thermal resistance. Experimental findings reveal that the magnetic µ-sphere demonstrates a sensitivity of −32.53 MHz/mT, outperforming conventional magnetic WGM resonators. Furthermore, analysis of the temperature dependence shows a reduction in fluctuation to −2.85 MHz/K, thereby greatly enhancing the sensor’s practical detection limit.
Mechanoluminescence of ZnS: Cu@Al2O3 enabled optical fiber microlens passive tactile sensor for hardness recognition
Authors: Dai Penghui , Cong Zhicheng , Jiang Chunhong , Jiang Chunlei , Chen Pengyi , Sun Yu , Dong Taiji
Published: August 2024

We propose an optical fiber microlens (OFM) passive tactile sensor (OFMPTS) for hardness recognition. The sensor features a core–shell structure, with an OFM as the core and an elastic mechanoluminescence (ML) matrix shell, which is composed of ZnS: Cu@Al2O3 doped with 10 nm SiO2 particles and polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS). Utilizing the Hertz model, the ML intensity of the sensor is correlated to the elastic modulus of the sample, which enables precise hardness detection. The microlens fiber structure significantly enhances photon collection efficiency, thereby allowing for effective coupling of the ML signal. In press mode, OFMPTS differentiates between five PDMS hardness levels. It can also operate in scan or tap mode, identifying hidden foreign bodies and tissue masses through response curve analysis. The sensor, which requires no external light source, expands the capabilities of optical hardness measurement.
Slow-wave sleep drives sleep-dependent renormalization of synaptic AMPA receptor levels in the hypothalamus
Authors: Liu Jianfeng , Niethard Niels , Lun Yu , Dimitrov Stoyan , Ehrlich Ingrid , Born Jan , Hallschmid Manfred
Published: August 2024

According to the synaptic homeostasis hypothesis (SHY), sleep serves to renormalize synaptic connections that have been potentiated during the prior wake phase due to ongoing encoding of information. SHY focuses on glutamatergic synaptic strength and has been supported by numerous studies examining synaptic structure and function in neocortical and hippocampal networks. However, it is unknown whether synaptic down-regulation during sleep occurs in the hypothalamus, i.e., a pivotal center of homeostatic regulation of bodily functions including sleep itself. We show that sleep, in parallel with the synaptic down-regulation in neocortical networks, down-regulates the levels of α-amino-3-hydroxy-5-methyl-4-isoxazolepropionic acid receptors (AMPARs) in the hypothalamus of rats. Most robust decreases after sleep were observed at both sites for AMPARs containing the GluA1 subunit. Comparing the effects of selective rapid eye movement (REM) sleep and total sleep deprivation, we moreover provide experimental evidence that slow-wave sleep (SWS) is the driving force of the down-regulation of AMPARs in hypothalamus and neocortex, with no additional contributions of REM sleep or the circadian rhythm. SWS-dependent synaptic down-regulation was not linked to EEG slow-wave activity. However, spindle density during SWS predicted relatively increased GluA1 subunit levels in hypothalamic synapses, which is consistent with the role of spindles in the consolidation of memory. Our findings identify SWS as the main driver of the renormalization of synaptic strength during sleep and suggest that SWS-dependent synaptic renormalization is also implicated in homeostatic control processes in the hypothalamus.
Quality of life among adults with scabies: A community-based cross-sectional study in north-western Ethiopia
Authors: Yirgu Robel , Middleton Jo , Cassell Jackie A. , Bremner Stephen , Davey Gail , Fekadu Abebaw
Published: August 2024

Introduction

Scabies undermines quality of life through its highly disturbing disease symptoms, by distorting self-perception, and secondary to social stigma. Knowledge of its effect on quality of life in general and on specific aspects of day-to-day life is key to addressing the health needs of individual patients and to evaluating gains from community-based disease control interventions.

Objectives

To measure the effect of scabies on the quality of life of people with the infestation.

Methods

A community-based cross-sectional study was conducted in a scabies outbreak-affected district in north-western Ethiopia. The study involved 381 households and 86 adults with scabies. We used the ten-item Cardiff Dermatology Life Quality Index (DLQI) tool to collect data. Cronbach’s alpha value was used to determine the internal consistency of the Amharic version of the scale. Overall and Dermatology Life Quality (DLQ) domain specific mean scores were calculated. The association between sociodemographic characteristics and scabies-related life quality impairment was tested using Kruskal-Wallis test.

Results

Scabies moderately affected the quality of life of adults with scabies. The overall mean DLQI (mDLQI) score was 9.2 (SD = 7.6). ‘Symptoms and feelings’ and ‘daily activity’ DLQ domains had the highest mDLQI scores (3.5, SD = 1.9 and 2.2, SD = 2.5, respectively). ‘Leisure activities’ was the least affected domain 0.8 (SD = 1.1). In terms of severity, scabies had moderate or severe effect on DLQ of 54.7% of the participants and extremely severe effect was reported among 27% of the participants. However, no association was observed between sociodemographic characteristics and quality of life impairment.

Conclusion

Quality of life was moderately impaired among people affected by scabies. Refocusing attention on management of disease symptoms, using standard scabies treatment, and providing psychosocial support to improve self-perception of people affected with scabies may help reduce quality of life impairment.
Prosody matters: Preserved prominence marking strategies in people with Parkinson’s disease independent of motor status
Authors: Thies Tabea , Barbe Michael T. , Mücke Doris
Published: August 2024

While many studies focus on segmental variation in Parkinsonian speech, little is known about prosodic modulations reflecting the ability to adapt to communicative demands in people with Parkinson’s disease (PwPD). This type of prosodic modulation is important for social interaction, and it involves modifications in speech melody (intonational level) and articulation of consonants and vowels (segmental level). The present study investigates phonetic cues of prosodic modulations with respect to different focus structures in mild dysarthric PwPD as a function of levodopa. Acoustic and kinematic speech parameters of 25 PwPD were assessed in two motor conditions. Speech production data from PwPD were collected before (medication-OFF) and after levodopa intake (medication-ON) by means of 3-D electromagnetic articulography. On the acoustic level, intensity, pitch, and syllable durations were analyzed. On the kinematic level, movement duration and amplitude were investigated. Spatio-temporal modulations of speech parameters were examined and compared across three different prosodic focus structures (out-of-focus, broad focus, contrastive focus) to display varying speech demands. Overall, levodopa had beneficial effects on motor performance, speech loudness, and pitch modulation. Acoustic syllable durations and kinematic movement durations did not change, revealing no systematic effects of motor status on the temporal domain. In contrast, there were spatial modulations of the oral articulators: tongue tip movements were smaller and lower lip movements were larger in amplitude under levodopa, reflecting a more agile and efficient articulatory movement under levodopa. Thus, respiratory-phonatory functions and consonant production improved, while syllable duration and tongue body kinematics did not change. Interestingly, prominence marking strategies were comparable between the medication conditions under investigation, and in fact, appear to be preserved in mild dysarthric PwPD.
Feasibility and reliability of online vs in-person cognitive testing in healthy older people
Authors: Morrissey Sol , Gillings Rachel , Hornberger Michael
Published: August 2024

Background

Early evidence in using online cognitive assessments show that they could offer a feasible and resource-efficient alternative to in-person clinical assessments in evaluating cognitive performance, yet there is currently little understanding about how these assessments relate to traditional, in-person cognitive tests.

Objectives

In this preliminary study, we assess the feasibility and reliability of NeurOn, a novel online cognitive assessment tool. NeurOn measures various cognitive domains including processing speed, executive functioning, spatial working memory, episodic memory, attentional control, visuospatial functioning, and spatial orientation.

Design

Thirty-two participants (mean age: 70.19) completed two testing sessions, unsupervised online and in-person, one-week apart. Participants were randomised in the order of testing appointments. For both sessions, participants completed questionnaires prior to a cognitive assessment. Test-retest reliability and concurrent validity of the online cognitive battery was assessed using intraclass correlation coefficients (ICCs) and correlational analysis, respectively. This was conducted by comparing performance in repeated tasks across testing sessions as well as with traditional, in-person cognitive tests.

Results

Global cognition in the NeurOn battery moderately validated against MoCA performance, and the battery demonstrated moderate test-retest reliability. Concurrent validity was found only between the online and paper versions of the Trail Making Test -A, as well as global cognitive performance between online and in-person testing sessions.

Conclusions

The NeurOn cognitive battery provides a promising tool for measuring cognitive performance online both longitudinally and across short retesting intervals within healthy older adults. When considering cost-effectiveness, flexible administration, and improved accessibility for wider populations, online cognitive assessments show promise for future screening of neurodegenerative diseases.
Implementing a multi-cycle datapath with Liquid Marbles
Authors: Erba Sandro , Cavenaghi Luca , Zandron Claudio
Published: August 2024

Liquid Marbles are liquid droplets encapsulated by hydrophobic powder particles; due to their non-wetting nature, they allow to manipulate liquids efficiently. Literature highlighted their potential to be employed as micro-reactors, micro-containers for growing micro-organisms and cells, micro-fluidics devices, and have also been used in the framework of unconventional computing. In this work, we discuss a theoretical implementation of all required components to define a multi-cycle datapath based on Liquid Marbles. Then, we consider issues related to scalability, by discussing how the circuits can be expanded with the growth of the inputs, and also how they can be modified to overcome the issues related to the growing time and space complexity.
CHRM3 (rs2165870) gene polymorphism is related to postoperative vomiting in female patients undergoing laparoscopic surgery. Prospective observational study
Authors: Cai Meng , Gan Lin , Li Jing , Lei Xiaofeng , Yu Jin
Published: August 2024

Background

Postoperative nausea and vomiting are common complications after surgery, and female patients are more likely to experience these adverse events. The goal of this study was to explore the relationship between the CHRM3 rs2165870 polymorphism and postoperative vomiting incidence in female patients who underwent laparoscopic surgery.

Methods

Two hundred female patients who underwent elective laparoscopic surgery with subsequent patient-controlled intravenous analgesia using dexmedetomidine and sufentanil were prospectively enrolled. The CHRM3 rs2165870 and KCNB2 rs349358 polymorphisms were genotyped using MassARRAY SNP typing technology. Demographic data and preoperative laboratory results of all patients were recorded. Postoperative analgesia-related information, incidence of postoperative nausea and vomiting, and other adverse events were followed up and recorded for analysis.

Results

No significant differences were observed in any of the demographic characteristics of these patients among the different genotype carriers (P>0.05). The percentages of patients with each genotype of CHRM3 were 67% (GG), 28.5% (GA) and 4.5% (AA). We found that the AA or A allele of the CHRM3 rs2165870 polymorphism elevated the risk of postoperative vomiting (AA versus GG; OR, 6.94; 95% CI, 1.49–32.46; P = 0.014; A versus G; OR, 2.52; 95% CI, 1.22–5.19; P = 0.012). The percentages of patients with each genotype of KCNB2 were 84.5% (TT), 15.5% (CT) and 0% (CC). There were no significant differences in the postoperative nausea or vomiting rate across the KCNB2 rs349358 polymorphisms (P>0.05).

Conclusion

The CHRM3 rs2165870 polymorphism is associated with the occurrence of postoperative vomiting in female patients who have undergone laparoscopic surgery. The AA genotype or A allele of the CHRM3 rs2165870 polymorphism elevates the risk of postoperative vomiting.

Trial registration

www.chictr.org.cn, registration number: ChiCTR2200062425.
On the construal of MUSIC IS MOTION metaphor
Authors: Wu Jingfang , Liu Yuhong
Published: August 2024

TIME IS MOTION can be construed in two models. One is the Ego-based, the other is Time-based so as to form three time metaphors, MOVING TIME, TIME’S LANDSCAPE, and TEMPORAL SEQUENCE. When construing musical motion, people tend to borrow this conceptual framework and get three musical metaphors, i.e. MOVING MUSIC, MUSICAL LANDSCAPE, and MUSICAL SEQUENCE. The MUSICAL SEQUENCE metaphor falls into three categories, i.e. SEQUENCE IS THE RELATIVE POSITION ON THE TIME PATH, ON THE PITCH PATH, and ON THE KEY PATH. Time Metaphor and the Event Structure Metaphor jointly construct the two construal models for the metaphor MUSIC IS MOTION. This study tries to validate the previous research on conceptual construals in such a new field as music so as to enlarge the research range of the conceptual metaphor theory and provide reference for the subsequent research on music.
The accumulation of cadmium in poplar trees during three consecutive years
Authors: Cheng Bixin , Rong Gong , Ying Siya , Kong Suming , Chu Yin , Liu Shengquan
Published: August 2024

A three-year pot experiment was designed to investigate cadmium (Cd) accumulation in the various parts of poplar (Populus deltoides Bartr. cv. ‘Lux’ I-69/55) by setting up 5 Cd application treatments (0, 5, 20, 50, and 100 mg/kg dry soil). The results showed that poplar exhibited a high tolerance to Cd stress, with Cd uptake significantly increasing across all plant parts as soil Cd levels rose. In general, leaves exhibited the highest Cd concentration while stems had the lowest. An upward increase trend of the accumulation of Cd in the aboveground parts from the base wood, along the stem to the branch, until the leaves, as well as a radially outward increase of Cd from the wood near the pith, to the wood near the bark, and finally to the bark, were observed. Over the three successive years, poplar trees exhibited a generally increasing extraction ability in terms of Cd concentration and the bioconcentration factor (BCF) in their aboveground parts, attributed to the enhanced leaf transpiration and conducting tissue development. The BCFs of various parts of poplar ranged from 0.09 to 6.30, following the trend of leaf > bark > branch > root > stem.
Empagliflozin improves aortic injury in obese mice by regulating fatty acid metabolism
Authors: Yue Lin , Wang Yue , Wang Cuiying , Niu Shu , Dong Xihong , Guan Yaqing , Chen Shuchun
Published: August 2024

Background

Empagliflozin has been shown in clinical studies to lower the risk of adverse cardiovascular events. Using proteomics, the current study aims to determine whether empagliflozin reduces aortic alterations in obese mice and to investigate its molecular mechanism of action.

Methods

We constructed obese mice and then treated them with empagliflozin. Changes in the weight of the mice were recorded. Blood glucose and lipid levels were measured in each group of mice, and changes in pulse wave velocity and aortic structure were recorded. In addition, changes in aortic protein expression were detected by proteomics and analyzed bioinformatically.

Results

Proteomics results showed that 507 differentially expressed proteins (DEPs) were identified in the comparison of normal and obese mice, while 90 DEPs were identified in the comparison of obese and empagliflozin-treated mice. Examination of these three groups revealed that DEPs were largely associated with the digestion of unsaturated fats. Among them, empagliflozin significantly reduced the expression of fatty acid synthase (FASN), acyl-CoA desaturase 3 (SCD3), ACSL1. and ACSL5 in the aorta of obesity-induced mice, and there was a close relationship between the four.

Conclusion

Empagliflozin reduced the protein expression of FASN, SCD3, ACSL1, and ACSL5 in the aorta of obese mice and improved aortic fatty acid metabolism and reduced vascular stiffness for vasoprotective effects.
The crystal structure of (Z)-5-amino-N
′-hydroxy-1H-pyrazole-4-carboximidamide, C4H7N5O
Authors: Li Yunlu , Han Lujing , Wang Bo , Mu Sitong
Published: August 2024

C4H7N5O, monoclinic, P21 (no. 4), a = 4.855(3) Å, b = 9.026(5) Å, c = 7.092(4) Å, β = 103.267(7)°, V = 302.5(3) Å3, Z = 2, R

gt
(F) = 0.0369, wR

ref
(F
2) = 0.0960, T = 296 K.
Removal of metaldehyde pesticide from aquatic media using modified cellulose obtained from Populus nigra plant, as potential adsorbent
Authors: Said Gulab , Ahmad Waqas , Jan Muhammad Tariq , Zahoor Muhammad , Ullah Azmat , Ullah Riaz , Umar Muhammad Naveed , Iqbal Zafar , ur Rashid Haroon
Published: August 2024

In this study modified cellulose based adsorbent was prepared from Populus nigra plant, and used for elimination of metaldehyde (herbicide) from model waste water. The adsorbent was characterized through analytical technique such as FTIR, SEM, EDX and XRD for structural adsorption related parameters. The results of SEM showed the suitability of the material to be used as adsorbent and FTIR showed successful crosslinking of polyvinyl alcohol into cellulose structure. In order to get maximum reclamation benefits from adsorbent it was subjected to a number of tests evaluating the effect of metaldehyde concentration, sorbent dose, contact time, initial pH of solution and temperature. The maximum removal of 70 % was achieved under conditions of 80 mg/L metaldehyde concentration, 60 min contact time, pH of 8, 0.08 g sorbent dosage, and room temperature (25 °C). The Langmuir isotherm model with correlation coefficients of 0.9855 and maximum adsorption capacity recorded was 8.32 mg/g, while excellent agreement was shown by kinetic data with pseudo second order kinetic model with R
2 = 0.9876. Thermodynamic study indicated enthalpy change (ΔH° = −129 kJ/mol) to be negative, entropy change (ΔS° = 161.7 j/mol) positive, and the Gibbs free energy (ΔG) as negative showing that the process to be exothermic and feasible/spontaneous with an increase of randomness at solid liquid interface. The finding indicated that modified cellulose could be used as an efficient adsorbent for removal of metaldehyde from model waste water. However, further validation with other pollutants will be helpful in checking reproducibility of the present findings.