bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Pooled prevalence of food away from home (FAFH) and associated non-communicable disease (NCD) markers: a systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Godbharle Swapnil , Jeyakumar Angeline , Giri Bibek Raj , Kesa Hema
Published: November 2022

Background

Food away from home (FAFH) is an ‘eating behavior’ widely practiced across nations, more common in developed nations. Likewise, in developing countries an increase of close to 50% indicates an upsurge in FAFH consumption. While various indices and tools are used to assess diet quality, diversity, or healthy eating, FAFH is less utilized to study dietary behaviors and the associated disease risk.

Objective

To calculate the pooled estimate of FAFH and identify the associated non-communicable disease (NCD) markers.

Design

Systematic review and meta-analysis.

Methods

Independent electronic searches were conducted across 6 databases: Medline, Web of Science, Scopus, Cochrane library, Ingenta, and CAB direct. Observational studies investigating the association between FAFH and NCD markers published between the year 2011 and 2021 were eligible for inclusion. Studies that included overweight or obese participants, pregnant women, or those under institutional care at baseline were excluded. The guidelines for reporting meta-analysis of observational studies in epidemiology were adhered to in the preparation of this systematic review.

Results

The random effects combined estimate for the overall prevalence of FAFH was 39.96% (95% CI 29.97–53.29). High heterogeneity (τ2 = 0.63, I2 = 100%) and high risk of bias were observed among the selected studies. The test for overall effect was observed to be z = 25.11 (p < 0.001). Eleven out of fourteen studies showed a positive association between FAFH and anthropometric changes. Twelve out of seventeen studies showed a positive association between FAFH and cardiovascular disease (CVD) biomarkers.

Conclusion

Our work confirms FAFH as an evolving dietary behavior in both developing and developed countries, emphasizing the lack of representation from low-income countries. The association of FAFH with obesity and non-communicable disease risk is reinforced by our analyses. These findings should enable policy decisions to meet the rising demand of FAFH with healthier options to prevent the risk of NCD.
A systems approach to developing a port community system for South Africa
Authors: Mthembu Sphiwe Eugene , Chasomeris Mihalis Georgiou
Published: November 2022

Port community systems (PCS), as electronic platforms enabling the intelligent and secure exchange of information between public and private stakeholders in ports, are central to port supply chains. PCS drive productivity, efficiencies, and competitiveness whilst improving the port’s attractiveness. They connect port users and supply chain participants and allow them to share information efficiently on a single platform by drawing data from different enterprise resource management systems. Port systems are complex networks of functions integrated to deliver cargo services to port users. Developing countries’ ports have suffered adversely from their slow adoption of PCS; consequently, their performance improvements have stagnated over time. This article uses Soft Systems Methodology and applies it to the case of South Africa’s ports that are particularly affected by the absence of PCS. The article also presents a framework for implementing PCS. Primary data was gathered through 24 interviews and two port stakeholder workshops. The findings show that port users are operating on fragmented and different platforms, lack integration and collaboration, and no single platform is used to share critical shipping information. Nevertheless, the interviewees all supported the creation of a PCS, and this article develops and recommends a framework for implementing a PCS in South Africa.
Generation of synthetic ground glass nodules using generative adversarial networks (GANs)
Authors: Wang Zhixiang , Zhang Zhen , Feng Ying , Hendriks Lizza E. L. , Miclea Razvan L. , Gietema Hester , Schoenmaekers Janna , Dekker Andre , Wee Leonard , Traverso Alberto
Published: November 2022

Background

Data shortage is a common challenge in developing computer-aided diagnosis systems. We developed a generative adversarial network (GAN) model to generate synthetic lung lesions mimicking ground glass nodules (GGNs).

Methods

We used 216 computed tomography images with 340 GGNs from the Lung Image Database Consortium and Image Database Resource Initiative database. A GAN model retrieving information from the whole image and the GGN region was built. The generated samples were evaluated with visual Turing test performed by four experienced radiologists or pulmonologists. Radiomic features were compared between real and synthetic nodules. Performances were evaluated by area under the curve (AUC) at receiver operating characteristic analysis. In addition, we trained a classification model (ResNet) to investigate whether the synthetic GGNs can improve the performances algorithm and how performances changed as a function of labelled data used in training.

Results

Of 51 synthetic GGNs, 19 (37%) were classified as real by clinicians. Of 93 radiomic features, 58 (62.4%) showed no significant difference between synthetic and real GGNs (p ≥ 0.052). The discrimination performances of physicians (AUC 0.68) and radiomics (AUC 0.66) were similar, with no-significantly different (p = 0.23), but clinicians achieved a better accuracy (AUC 0.74) than radiomics (AUC 0.62) (p < 0.001). The classification model trained on datasets with synthetic data performed better than models without the addition of synthetic data.

Conclusions

GAN has promising potential for generating GGNs. Through similar AUC, clinicians achieved better ability
to diagnose whether the data is synthetic than radiomics.
3D printing of pharmaceuticals: approach from bench scale to commercial development
Authors: Pawar Ranjitsinh , Pawar Atmaram
Published: November 2022

Background

The three-dimensional (3D) printing is paradigm shift in the healthcare sector. 3D printing is platform technologies in which complex products are developed with less number of additives. The easy development process gives edge over the conventional methods. Every individual needs specific dose treatment. ‘One size fits all’ is the current traditional approach that can shift to more individual specific in 3D printing. The present review aims to cover different perspectives regarding selection of drug, polymer and technological aspects for 3D printing. With respect to clinical practice, regulatory issue and industrial potential are also discussed in this paper.

Main body

The individualization of medicines with patient centric dosage form will become reality in upcoming future. It provides individual’s need of dose by considering genetic profile, physiology and diseased condition. The tailormade dosages with unique drug loading and release profile of different geometrical shapes and sizes can easily deliver therapeutic dose. The technology can fulfill growing demand of efficiency in the dose accuracy for the patient oriented sectors like pediatric, geriatric and also easy to comply with cGMP requirements of regulated market. The clinical practice can focus on prescribing each individual’s necessity of dose.

Conclusion

In the year 2015, FDA approved first 3D printed drug product, which is initiator in the new phase of manufacturing of pharmaceuticals. The tailormade formulations can be made in future for personalized medications. Regulatory approval from agencies can bring the 3DP product into the market. In the future, formulators can bring different sector-specific products for personalized need through 3DP pharmaceutical product.

Graphical Abstract
Extracting small time-lapse traveltime changes in a reservoir using primaries and internal multiples after Marchenko-based target zone isolation
Authors: van IJsseldijk Johno , Neut Joost van der , Thorbecke Jan , Wapenaar Kees
Published: November 2022

Geophysical monitoring of subsurface reservoirs relies on detecting small changes in the seismic response between a baseline and monitor study. However, internal multiples, related to the over- and underburden, can obstruct the view of the target response, hence complicating the time-lapse analysis. To retrieve a response that is free from the over- and underburden effects, the data-driven Marchenko method is used. This method effectively isolates the target response, which can then be used to extract more precise time-lapse changes. In addition, the method also reveals target-related multiples that probe the reservoir more than once, which further defines the changes in the reservoir. To verify the effectiveness of the method, a numerical example is constructed. This test finds that, when using the isolated target response, the observed time differences resemble the expected time differences in the reservoir. Moreover, the results obtained with target-related multiples also benefit from the Marchenko-based isolation of the reservoir. It is, therefore, concluded that this method has the potential to observe dynamic changes in the subsurface with increased accuracy.
The Scarcities ofUdolpho
Authors: Mackenzie Scott R.
Published: November 2022

This essay identifies symptoms of the historical emergence of generalized scarcity in Ann Radcliffe's Mysteries of Udolpho, which grants scarcity's ruthless logic a primary narrative function under the aesthetic cover of suspense. Radcliffe's novels generate occult phenomenologies of scarcity, which manifest as affect, epistemic structure, economic process, social relations, and transcendent force or metaphysic (both natural and supernatural). Suspense replicates the social operation of generalized scarcity by carrying us from one particular “conflict of choice” to the next, keeping a veil over the governing logic that conditions the whole process. If we treat crises as unpredictable and singular events rather than effects of identifiable systems, we avoid reckoning with capitalism's normalization of continual disruption and reorganization, what Marx called its “constant revolutionising of production, [and] uninterrupted disturbance of all social conditions.” The scarcity-inflected narrative apparatus privileges personal volition—individual choices that lead to specific outcomes—over collective or systemic determinations, a distinction key to the coercive social power of scarcity. It is not just Radcliffean gothic but narrative in general that comes under the sway of this logic during the last decade of the eighteenth century.
The Promise of (Un)happiness:34 Literatureand Yi Si-u's Surrealist Poetics in Colonial Korea
Authors: Smith Kevin Michael
Published: November 2022

This article examines Korean surrealism—the avant-garde movement most explicitly preoccupied with questions of the psyche and subjectification within an historical context of colonial unfreedom—through attention to the short-lived journal Samsa munhak 三四文學 (34 Literature, 1934–37) and its most representative poet, Yi Si-u 李時雨. Drawing from psychoanalysis and affect theory, it addresses Yi Si-u's scholarly underexamined but substantive meditations on the constitution of the subject, desire, and repression, focusing specifically on the question of (un)happiness and its implications for psychic and political freedom in a colonial climate of despair only partially brightened by the allure of the commodity. The author aims to demonstrate how Yi's surrealist refraction of subjective desire both registers the sociopolitical pressures of his historical context as well as negatively conceptualizes a liberated form of happiness at odds with the standardized variant administered by the hegemonic colonial authority. As such, the dialectical inseparability of collective liberation from psychosocial repression and the individual pursuit of happiness can become legible, an insight that may contribute to current theorizations of affect, commodification, and emancipatory movements.
Japanese New Left's Political Theories of Subjectivity and Ōshima Nagisa's Practice of Cinema
Authors: de Vargas Ferran
Published: November 2022

Although much has been written about the political theories of several thinkers associated with the Japanese New Left, to gain a better understanding of those theories a perspective that conceives them as a conversation within a unitary ideology is needed. Likewise, we know little about how media forms other than the written word contributed to this conversation. To address these gaps in our understanding, this article investigates how the practice of cinema, through the paradigmatic example of Ōshima Nagisa's film Kōshikei 絞死刑 (Death by Hanging) (1968), intervened in the Japanese New Left's conception of shutaisei 主体性 (subjectivity). This article first presents the theories of subjectivity of some of the most influential thinkers in the shaping of the Japanese New Left ideology (Umemoto Katsumi, Nakai Masakazu, Yoshimoto Takaaki, Tanigawa Gan, Tokoro Mitsuko) and then explores the contribution of Ōshima's Kōshikei to them, showing the limitations of some previous lines of interpretation of the film. Relating the different dimensions of an ideology, in this case the political theory and the practice of cinema of the Japanese New Left, will help us to gain a better understanding of both the ideology as a whole and the dimensions comprising it.
Between Plastic Surgery and the Photographic Representation: Ji Yeo Undoes the Elusive Narrative of Transformation
Authors: Lee So-Rim
Published: November 2022

This essay looks at New York–based South Korean photographer Ji Yeo's two photographic series Beauty Recovery Room and It Will Hurt a Little. Tracing the social rhetoric on plastic surgery in South Korea after the 1997 IMF Crisis, it takes Yeo's photographs as counterexamples to the sensationalized depiction of plastic surgery as a symbol of upward mobility put forth by Seoul's private clinics. It argues that Yeo's images re-present surgery as a practice of bodily rupture necessitating an affective, material, and durational process of recovery, thereby demystifying the elusive narrative of cosmetic transformation promised by South Korea's plastic surgery industry. Exploring the performative affinities and disparities between the photographic representation and plastic surgery, it contends that Yeo's images ultimately humanize the individuals that experience the solitary process of healing.
Semantics of Tea Drinking: Online Writing and the Shaping of Counter-public Spheres in Xi Jinping's China
Authors: Andolfatto Lorenzo
Published: November 2022

Recent discussion concerning the Chinese government's autocratic practices has been orienting public attention toward the large scale of its surveillance apparatus. Observed from afar, the integration of digital and material infrastructures for discipline and control–whether in the form of factory/detention complexes in the Xinjiang region, face–recognition technology, or the Great Firewall–cannot help but convey the impression of a faceless authority acting upon statistics and data. Yet data and statistics refer to individuals and communities, whose interactions with the powers that be are negotiated daily on concrete grounds, such as over a cup of tea. The expressions hecha 喝茶 (drinking tea) and bei hecha 被喝茶 (being asked for tea) long ago acquired a chiefly political connotation and are now commonly used to imply being approached by the State Security Police for a forced interrogation. As the everydayness of the expression suggests, this type of state interventions in civil society attests, in Foucault's terms, state power's “capillary form of existence, the point where [it] reaches into the very grain of individuals.” This article makes use of an extraordinary corpus of online texts presenting firsthand accounts of bei hecha experiences to explore questions of everyday governance and governmentality in contemporary China. Adopting a text–based approach to matters conventionally pertaining to the realm of political science, it argues for an understanding of hecha ji texts (written recollections of tea–drinking sessions) as a distinctive form of writing that is functional to the construction of counter–public spheres of dissent in the tightening authoritarian environment of Xi Jinping's China today.
A harbour seal (Phoca vitulina) can learn geometrical relationships between landmarks
Authors: Maaß Eric , Miersch Lars , Pfuhl Gerit , Hanke Frederike D.
Published: November 2022

Marine mammals travel the world's oceans. Some species regularly return to specific places to breathe, haul-out or breed. However, the mechanisms they use to return are unknown. Theoretically, landmarks could mediate the localisation of these places. Occasionally, it might be beneficial or even required to localise places using geometrical information provided by landmarks such as to apply a ‘middle rule’. Here, we trained a harbour seal to find its goal in the middle of numerous vertically and horizontally orientated two-landmark arrays. During testing, the seal was confronted with unfamiliar two-landmark arrays. After having successfully learnt to respond to the midpoint of multiple two-landmark arrays, the seal directly and consistently followed a ‘middle rule’ during testing. It chose the midpoint of the two-landmark arrays with high precision. Harbour seals with the ability to localise goals based on geometrical information would be able to home in on places even from unknown positions relative to goal-defining features. Altogether, the results obtained with our harbour seal individual in the present and a previous study, examining the basis of landmark orientation, provide evidence that this seal can use landmark information very flexibly. Depending on context, this flexibility is adaptive to an environment in which the information content can vary over time.
Cognitive Behavioral Therapy among Ghana's Rural Poor Is Effective Regardless of Baseline Mental Distress
Authors: Barker Nathan , Bryan Gharad , Karlan Dean , Ofori-Atta Angela , Udry Christopher
Published: November 2022

We study the impact of group-based cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT ) for individuals selected from the general population of poor households in rural Ghana (N = 7,227). Results from one to three months after the program show strong impacts on mental and perceived physical health, cognitive and socioemotional skills, and economic self-perceptions. These effects hold regardless of baseline mental distress. We argue that this is because CBT can improve well-being for a general population of poor individuals through two pathways: reducing vulnerability to deteriorating mental health and directly increasing cognitive capacity and socioemotional skills. (JEL D12, I12, I15, I31, I32, O12, O18)
Context effects on object recognition in real-world environments: A study protocol
Authors: Nicholls Victoria I. , Alsbury-Nealy Benjamin , Krugliak Alexandra , Clarke Alex
Published: November 2022

Background: The environments that we live in impact on our ability to recognise objects, with recognition being facilitated when objects appear in expected locations (congruent) compared to unexpected locations (incongruent). However, these findings are based on experiments where the object is isolated from its environment. Moreover, it is not clear which components of the recognition process are impacted by the environment. In this experiment, we seek to examine the impact real world environments have on object recognition. Specifically, we will use mobile electroencephalography (mEEG) and augmented reality (AR) to investigate how the visual and semantic processing aspects of object recognition are changed by the environment.

Methods: We will use AR to place congruent and incongruent virtual objects around indoor and outdoor environments. During the experiment a total of 34 participants will walk around the environments and find these objects while we record their eye movements and neural signals. We will perform two primary analyses. First, we will analyse the event-related potential (ERP) data using paired samples t-tests in the N300/400 time windows in an attempt to replicate congruency effects on the N300/400. Second, we will use representational similarity analysis (RSA) and computational models of vision and semantics to determine how visual and semantic processes are changed by congruency.

Conclusions: Based on previous literature, we hypothesise that scene-object congruence would facilitate object recognition. For ERPs, we predict a congruency effect in the N300/N400, and for RSA we predict that higher level visual and semantic information will be represented earlier for congruent scenes than incongruent scenes. By collecting mEEG data while participants are exploring a real-world environment, we will be able to determine the impact of a natural context on object recognition, and the different processing stages of object recognition.
Design of Industrial System Using Digital Numerical Control
Authors: Ly Duc Minh , Bilik Petr , Duy Truong Thuy
Published: November 2022

Purpose: This paper would be based on applying quality 4.0 technology to mechanical factories. The overall purpose of quality 4.0 technology is to transition production lines from semi-automatic production to automatic production.
Methodology/Approach: The lean six-sigma with five phases of Define Measure Analysis Improve Control (DMAIC) would be used to measure the quality of 4.0 integration. Each phase is composed of statistical tools, hypothesis testing, experimental design, industrial tools, etc. to provide less error for precision in manufacturing control.
Findings: Results shows that scrap products decreased by 59.66% per year, the productivity of the production line assembly increased by 7.8%, and the total lead time decreased by 20 minutes. As well as the required payments and the monthly reduction of value cost of 500 USD for jig improvement, and profit is 678 USD per month and 7,636 USD per year.
Research Limitation/Implication: Gaseous hydrocarbons or organic compounds from n-hexane can be a challenge for sensors utilizing signals for researchers. Also, another issue would be the power supply output to the sensor due to external interference.
Originality/Value of paper: This research focuses on applying the usage of sensors from a semi-automatic machine tool to an automatic machine tool.
W kręgu relacji międzyludzkich i intertekstualnych w literaturze romantyzmu (i wokół niej)
Authors: Korczyńska Klaudia , Pałucka Agnieszka
Published: November 2022

Prezentowane szkice sytuują człowieka romantyzmu pośród innych ludzi, krążą wokół nawiązywanych przez niego relacji i pochylają się nad ich literackimi konsekwencjami. Autorki nie zatrzymują się ani na tak często eksponowanej przez romantyków niemożności porozumienia z drugim człowiekiem, ani na marzeniach o „komunii dusz” – niniejsza publikacja wpisuje się w próby niuansujące myślenie o złożonej problematyce relacji międzyludzkich w epoce romantyzmu. Zawarte w niej prace dotyczą tego, co znajduje się – i co powstaje – w sferach pomiędzy.
Reassessing project practices, research, and theory in a post-Covid reality
Authors: Pinto Jeffrey K.
Published: November 2022

The world is slowly emerging from a series of healthcare, financial, and economic disruptions caused by the Covid19 pandemic. While it is still too early to come to a definitive reckoning of the myriad ways in which our world has been forced to make adjustments in how it operates pre-and-post Covid, it is worth considering at least one aspect of the post-Covid reality: its effects on project management practices and theory development. This paper offers my perspective on some implications for current and future practice in project management, as well as the ways in which Covid responses have created the potential for a “new normal” in theory and formulating research questions for project studies. Drawing on the Project Management Institute’s “Global Megatrends 2022” report, I will examine these six trends and their implications for future practice in project-based work, proposing three topics for future research.
THERE IS AN “OTHER” STORY: MISTERIOS DEL PLATA AND THE CASE OF FEMALE NOVELS IN XIX CENTURY LATIN AMERICA
Authors: Terezinha Schmidt Rita
Published: November 2022

Rita Terezinha Schmidt, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS)
TRADUCCIÓN Y MICRO-POLÍTICA EN LA ÉPOCA DE LA GLOBALIZACIÓN
Authors: Gentzler Edwin
Published: November 2022

Edwin Gentzler, University of Massachusetts Amherst
LE CANON LITTERAIRE OCCIDENTAL DANS LE PACIFIQUE FRANCOPHONE
Authors: André Sylvie
Published: November 2022

Sylvie André, Université de la Polynésie Française (UPF)
MUÑOZ RAYA, Eva. (Universidad de Granada) - La voz de Diego Fabbri en los escenarios españoles: recepción, traducción y adaptación (1950-1975).
Authors: MUÑOZ RAYA Eva
Published: November 2022

El teatro de Fabbri –de corte eminentemente católico y con planteamientos escénicos ciertamente pirandellianos– no entró en conflicto con la férrea censura que imponía el régimen franquista y gozó de la aceptación del público y de la crítica (con alguna excepción). Es importante subrayar que en ningún momento el dramaturgo reconoce que las traducciones o adaptaciones realizadas hayan sido aliadas o adversarias de su éxito, ya que la resonancia internacional le llega a un autor de la mano solo de sus temas.
Noise equalization scheme based on complex-valued ANN for multiple-eigenvalue modulated nonlinear frequency division multiplexing systems
Authors: Lv Xiuhua , Bai Chenglin , Qi Qi , Xu Hengying , Luo Xueyuan , Chi Xinyu , Yang Lishan , Xi LiXia
Published: November 2022

In multiple-eigenvalue modulated nonlinear frequency division multiplexing (NFDM) systems, the noise degrades the accuracy of the nonlinear Fourier transform (NFT) algorithm, resulting in perturbations in the received eigenvalues and the corresponding discrete spectrum. Moreover, with the increase in the number of eigenvalues and the order of the modulation formats, the impact of noise on the performance of the system is even more. A noise equalization scheme based on complex-valued artificial neural network (c-ANN) for multiple-eigenvalue modulated NFDM systems is proposed. This sceheme inputs the eigenvalues perturbation and the impaired discrete spectrum corresponding to the eigenvalues into the c-ANN in complex form. The scheme constructs a complex-valued logic structure with both amplitude and phase information, overlapping reuse input features and, thereby, effectively reducing the effect of noise on the multiple-eigenvalue NFDM system. The effectiveness of the scheme is verified in long-haul seven-eigenvalue modulated single-polarization NFDM simulation systems with 1 GBaud 16APSK/16QAM/64APSK/64QAM modulation formats, and the results show that the scheme outperforms the NFT receiving without equalization by 1 to 2 orders of magnitude in terms of bit error rate (BER). Among them, the transmission distance of the 64APSK signal after equalization exceeds 800 km while the BER meets 7% forward error correction (FEC) threshold, which is 600 km longer than that of the disequilibrium case, and the spectral efficiency (SE) can reach 1.85 bit/s/Hz. Compared with other schemes, the proposed scheme has better equalization performance under the same complexity, and the complexity can be reduced by half or even under the same performance.
Mach 18 flow velocimetry with 100-kHz KTV and PLEET in AEDC Tunnel 9
Authors: Jiang Naibo , Hsu Paul S. , Grib Stephen W. , Slipchenko Mikhail , Shekhtman David , Parziale Nick. J. , Smith Mike S. , Spicer Addison J. , Roy Sukesh
Published: November 2022

Krypton Tagging Velocimetry (KTV) and Picosecond Laser Electronic Excitation Tagging (PLEET) velocimetry at a 100-kHz rate were demonstrated in Mach 18 flow conditions at the Arnold Engineering Development Center (AEDC) Tunnel 9 employing a burst-mode laser system and a custom optical parametric oscillator (OPO). The measured freestream flow velocities from both KTV and PLEET agreed well with the theoretical calculation. The increase in repetition rate provides better capability to perform time-resolved velocimetry measurements in hypersonic flow environments.
Cooled infrared off-axis freeform three-mirror system design with convenience in testing and assembly
Authors: Zhu Deyan , Zhang Yufan , Hu Zijia , Liu Yixuan , Guo Pan , Su Jingqin
Published: November 2022

A cooled infrared off-axis freeform three-mirror system, especially with a small

f

-number and 100% cold stop efficiency, continues to present challenges in design, testing, and assembly. A primary mirror and tertiary mirror integrated structural model is proposed to design a cooled infrared off-axis three-mirror system that is convenient to test and assemble. In the proposed model, the

f

-number is used to calculate the parameters of the mirrors, and a freeform surface is adopted to achieve high imaging quality, which means the spot diagram radius (RMS) is smaller than the Airy radius. To evaluate the performance of the proposed method, two design examples with different

f

-numbers (2, 1.4) were constructed. The results showed that the cooled infrared off-axis three-mirror system can be designed with a small

f

-number, 100% cold stop efficiency, and high convenience in testing and assembly.
Logistik 4.0: Stand der Forschung und Praxis
Authors: Grosse Eric H.
Published: November 2022

Viele Unternehmen stehen aktuell vor großen Herausforderungen aufgrund hoher Kundenansprüche für individualisierte Produkte, aber auch aufgrund des Fachkräftemangels, des demographischen Wandels, volatiler Lieferantenmärkte, der Auswirkungen auf die Versorgungssicherheit ausgelöst durch Krisen wie die Corona-Pandemie sowie hohe Energiepreise und Rohstoffknappheit. Die Transformation zur Logistik 4.0 wird hierbei oftmals als Möglichkeit genannt, die Herausforderungen in den Griff zu bekommen und verspricht einen entscheidenden Wettbewerbsvorteil. Der Forschungsstrang ist jedoch noch relativ jung und für viele Entscheider in der Praxis ist noch unklar, was sich hinter dem Begriff Logistik 4.0 konkret verbirgt und welche Chancen daraus für Unternehmen entstehen können. Daneben gibt es viele Barrieren, die Transformationsprozesse scheitern lassen. Dieser Artikel gibt einen Überblick über den Stand der Forschung zur Logistik 4.0 und diskutiert Implikationen für die Praxis für einen nachhaltig erfolgreichen Transformationsprozess.
ZYG-9ch-TOG promotes the stability of acentrosomal poles via regulation of spindle microtubules in C. elegans oocyte meiosis
Authors: Cavin-Meza Gabriel , Mullen Timothy J. , Czajkowski Emily R. , Wolff Ian D. , Divekar Nikita S. , Finkle Justin D. , Wignall Sarah M.
Published: November 2022

During mitosis, centrosomes serve as microtubule organizing centers that guide the formation of a bipolar spindle. However, oocytes of many species lack centrosomes; how meiotic spindles establish and maintain these acentrosomal poles remains poorly understood. Here, we show that the microtubule polymerase ZYG-9ch-TOG is required to maintain acentrosomal pole integrity in C. elegans oocyte meiosis. We exploited the auxin inducible degradation system to remove ZYG-9 from pre-formed spindles within minutes; this caused the poles to split apart and an unstable multipolar structure to form. Depletion of TAC-1, a protein known to interact with ZYG-9 in mitosis, caused loss of proper ZYG-9 localization and similar spindle phenotypes, further demonstrating that ZYG-9 is required for pole integrity. However, depletion of ZYG-9 or TAC-1 surprisingly did not affect the assembly or stability of monopolar spindles, suggesting that these proteins are not required for acentrosomal pole structure per se. Moreover, fluorescence recovery after photobleaching (FRAP) revealed that ZYG-9 turns over rapidly at acentrosomal poles, displaying similar turnover dynamics to tubulin itself, suggesting that ZYG-9 does not play a static structural role at poles. Together, these data support a global role for ZYG-9 in regulating the stability of bipolar spindles and demonstrate that the maintenance of acentrosomal poles requires factors beyond those acting to organize the pole structure itself.
Co-depletion of NIPBL and WAPL balance cohesin activity to correct gene misexpression
Authors: Luppino Jennifer M. , Field Andrew , Nguyen Son C. , Park Daniel S. , Shah Parisha P. , Abdill Richard J. , Lan Yemin , Yunker Rebecca , Jain Rajan , Adelman Karen , Joyce Eric F.
Published: November 2022

The relationship between cohesin-mediated chromatin looping and gene expression remains unclear. NIPBL and WAPL are two opposing regulators of cohesin activity; depletion of either is associated with changes in both chromatin folding and transcription across a wide range of cell types. However, a direct comparison of their individual and combined effects on gene expression in the same cell type is lacking. We find that NIPBL or WAPL depletion in human HCT116 cells each alter the expression of ~2,000 genes, with only ~30% of the genes shared between the conditions. We find that clusters of differentially expressed genes within the same topologically associated domain (TAD) show coordinated misexpression, suggesting some genomic domains are especially sensitive to both more or less cohesin. Finally, co-depletion of NIPBL and WAPL restores the majority of gene misexpression as compared to either knockdown alone. A similar set of NIPBL-sensitive genes are rescued following CTCF co-depletion. Together, this indicates that altered transcription due to reduced cohesin activity can be functionally offset by removal of either its negative regulator (WAPL) or the physical barriers (CTCF) that restrict loop-extrusion events.
Developing a classification system to assign activity states to two species of freshwater turtles
Authors: Auge Anne-Christine , Blouin-Demers Gabriel , Murray Dennis L.
Published: November 2022

Research in ecology often requires robust assessment of animal behaviour, but classifying behavioural patterns in free-ranging animals and in natural environments can be especially challenging. New miniaturised bio-logging devices such as accelerometers are increasingly available to record animal behaviour remotely, and thereby address the gap in knowledge related to behaviour of free-ranging animals. However, validation of these data is rarely conducted and classification model transferability across closely-related species is often not tested. Here, we validated accelerometer and water sensor data to classify activity states in two free-ranging freshwater turtle species (Blanding’s turtle,Emydoidea blandingii, and Painted turtle,Chrysemys picta). First, using only accelerometer data, we developed a decision tree to separate motion from motionless states, and second, we included water sensor data to classify the animal as being motionless or in-motion on land or in water. We found that accelerometers separated in-motion from motionless behaviour with > 83% accuracy, whereas models also including water sensor data predicted states in terrestrial and aquatic locations with > 77% accuracy. Despite differences in values separating activity states between the two species, we found high model transferability allowing cross-species application of classification models. Note that reducing sampling frequency did not affect predictive accuracy of our models up to a sampling frequency of 0.0625 Hz. We conclude that the use of accelerometers in animal research is promising, but requires prior data validation and development of robust classification models, and whenever possible cross-species assessment should be conducted to establish model generalisability.
FESPACO and critical discourse on African cinema
Authors: Sawadogo Boukary
Published: November 2022

The Pan-African Film and Television Festival of Ouagadougou (FESPACO) celebrated its golden jubilee at its 26th edition in 2019. This marks a time for reflection and assessment of the future of the festival. The 50th anniversary also represents a key juncture for scholars and practitioners to rethink curatorial practice in Africa to enable film festivals to function also as a medium of production and dissemination of critical discourse on African screen media. FESPACO has a longstanding tradition of continually producing archives of knowledge about African cinema. The study of the relationships between FESPACO and critical discourse on African cinema offers a template for other festivals to follow, thus opening a new discursive space in the emerging field of film festival studies.
Memory and/in the mirror: FESPACO, a platform for a global Africa?
Authors: Bakari Imruh
Published: November 2022

The cinema as a medium and an art form has been a major consideration in Africa’s struggles against colonialism. These struggles, which encompass aspirations to establish Africa’s cultural and political autonomy in the postcolonial era, are ongoing. Marking the 26th edition of the Pan-African Festival of Cinema and Television (FESPACO) therefore was considered as an important opportunity for reflection. More so, the occasion was taken as a call to re-engage with the challenge of shaping and transforming ‘the Continent’s greatest cultural event’ for the future. The 2019 festival was launched around the colloquium theme: ‘Confronting our memory and shaping the future of a Pan-African cinema in its essence, economy and diversity’. This article begins with an account of the colloquium and reflects on the knowledge production dimension of the festival, which has been a core component of FESPACO’s identity and existence. It also seeks to situate the event of the 50th anniversary in a continuum of critical discussions about the festival, its past, present and future, and in relation to the seminal aspirations of African filmmakers for an African cinema, its challenges and opportunities.
Occurrence of antimicrobial resistance and antimicrobial resistance genes in methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus isolated from healthy rabbits
Authors: Jangsangthong Arunee , Suriyakhun Nawarat , Tunyong Witawat , Kong-Ngoen Thida , Santajit Sirijan , Indrawattana Nitaya , Buranasinsup Shutipen
Published: November 2022

Background and Aim: Methicillin-resistant globally, Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) is a major cause of disease in both humans and animals. Several studies have documented the presence of MRSA in healthy and infected animals. However, there is less information on MRSA occurrence in exotic pets, especially healthy rabbits. This study aimed to look into the antimicrobial resistance profile, hidden antimicrobial-resistant genes in isolated bacteria, and to estimate prevalence of MRSA in healthy rabbits.

Materials and Methods: Two-hundreds and eighteen samples, including 42 eyes, 44 ears, 44 oral, 44 ventral thoracic, and 44 perineal swabs, were taken from 44 healthy rabbits that visited the Prasu-Arthorn Animal Hospital, in Nakornpathom, Thailand, from January 2015 to March 2016. The traditional methods of Gram stain, mannitol fermentation, hemolysis on blood agar, catalase test, and coagulase production were used to confirm the presence of Staphylococcus aureus in all specimens. All bacterial isolates were determined by antimicrobial susceptibility test by the disk diffusion method. The polymerase chain reaction was used to identify the antimicrobial-resistant genes (blaZ, mecA, aacA-aphD, msrA, tetK, gyrA, grlA, and dfrG) in isolates of MRSA with a cefoxitin-resistant phenotype.

Results: From 218 specimens, 185 S. aureus were isolated, with the majority of these being found in the oral cavity (29.73%) and ventral thoracic area (22.7%), respectively. Forty-seven (25.41%) MRSAs were found in S. aureus isolates, with the majority of these being found in the perineum (16, 34.04%) and ventral thoracic area (13, 27.66%) specimens. Among MRSAs, 29 (61.7%) isolates were multidrug-resistant (MDR) strains. Most of MRSA isolates were resistant to penicillin (100%), followed by ceftriaxone (44.68%) and azithromycin (44.68%). In addition, these bacteria contained the most drug-resistance genes, blaZ (47.83%), followed by gyrA (36.17%) and tetK (23.4%).

Conclusion: This study revealed that MRSA could be found even in healthy rabbits. Some MRSAs strains were MDR–MRSA, which means that when an infection occurs, the available antibiotics were not effective in treating it. To prevent the spread of MDR–MRSA from pets to owners, it may be helpful to educate owners about effective prevention and hygiene measures.
The production and destiny of public space in an American city: examining the emergence and disruption of Brooklyn City Hall Square
Authors: Montgomery Jason , Montgomery Jason
Published: November 2022

Urban form should reflect collective value for place in communities. Urban squares in particular have the potential to serve as the nucleus of communities, urban artefacts that link place to memory and heritage while serving basic needs for everyday life in the city. Civic squares, those linked to governmental institutions, have further potential to facilitate community gatherings for memorialisation, commemoration, celebration and political action. Despite these important functions and potential, the incremental planning of Brooklyn in the early nineteenth century placed little emphasis on squares of any kind, despite the community’s expressed desires. Brooklyn’s first civic square, here referred to as City Hall Square, in fact emerged in the city almost as an afterthought. Despite this lack of clear intent, this square evolved as a unique place in the urban culture of the region, simultaneously a crossroads for everyday life in the city, a commercial and cultural centre and the governmental seat and judicial centre of the city and county. The square was a seamlessly woven and connected place in the larger urban structure. While some discussions in the nineteenth and early twentieth centuries, documented in the local newspaper, provide evidence of appreciation and value for this place, others suggest a resistance to the investment of community heritage and memory as it evolved. This urban space and the larger territory around it, confronted by regional pressures for transformation in the early and mid-twentieth century, was disrupted, leaving the place diminished, no longer serving as a meaningful hub of life in the city. An examination of Brooklyn City Hall Square’s emergence and diminishment reveals a problematic treatment of this place that undermined its potential as a place for civic life, a repository of memory and heritage, but also a living nucleus of the community. It also provides insights for a conceptual framework for future reconstructions or transformations that may facilitate new civic values of place and reinvigorate this urban artefact, relinking it to both the origin of the city and the city’s heritage and memory, but also the square’s future potential as an inclusive, connected and meaningful place of community and civic spirit.
Invited discussant comments during the UCL–Penn Global COVID Study webinar ‘Reflections, Resilience, and Recovery: A qualitative study of Covid-19’s impact on an international adult population’s mental health and priorities for support’: part 2 of 3
Authors: Vine Morgan
Published: November 2022

This discussant commentary considers the findings presented from the UCL–Penn Global COVID Study webinar ‘Let’s Talk! What do you need to recover from Covid-19?’. The research presented highlights a number of key issues that have affected people of all ages throughout the pandemic. Our aim with this article is to reflect on these themes and, using our own qualitative and quantitative research conducted throughout the pandemic, explore whether the people we spoke to in later life expressed challenges, concerns and frustrations with the same issues as those expressed in Dr Wong’s study. As a national charity that supports people in later life, Independent Age has been incredibly concerned by the impact of the pandemic specifically on people aged 65 and over, and believe more must be done by decision-makers in the government and National Health Service (NHS) to support them to recover from the pandemic.
The Simulation and Prediction of Land Surface Temperature Based on SCP and CA-ANN Models Using Remote Sensing Data: A Case Study of Lahore
Authors: Ahmad Muhammad Nasar , Zhengfeng Shao , Yaseen Andaleeb , Khalid Muhammad Nabeel , Javed Akib
Published: November 2022

Over the last two decades, urban growth has become a major issue in Lahore, accelerating land surface temperature (LST) rise. The present study focused on estimating the current situation and simulating the future LST patterns in Lahore using remote sensing data and machine learning
models. The semi-automated classification model was applied for the estimation of LST from 2000 to 2020. Then, the cellular automata-artificial neural networks (CA-ANN) module was implemented to predict future LST patterns for 2030 and 2040, respectively. Our research findings revealed that
an average of 2.8 °C of land surface temperature has increased, with a mean LST value from 37.25 °C to 40.10 °C in Lahore during the last two decades from 2000 to 2020. Moreover, keeping CA-ANN simulations for land surface temperature, an increase of 2.2 °C is projected through
2040, and mean LST values will be increased from 40.1 °C to 42.31 °C by 2040. The CA-ANN model was validated for future LST simulation with an overall Kappa value of 0.82 and 86.2% of correctness for the years 2030 and 2040 using modules for land-use change evaluation. The study also
indicates that land surface temperature is an important factor in environmental changes. Therefore, it is suggested that future urban planning should focus on urban rooftop plantations and vegetation conservation to minimize land surface temperature increases in Lahore.
Permanganate Index Variations and Factors in Hongze Lake from Landsat-8 Images Based on Machine Learning
Authors: Lv Yan , Guo Hongwei , Jin Shuanggen , Wang Lu , Bian Haiyi , Liu Haijian
Published: November 2022

The permanganate index (CODMn), defined as a comprehensive index to measure the degree of surface water pollution by organic matter and reducing inorganic matter, plays an important role in indicating water pollution and evaluating aquatic ecological health. However, remote
sensing monitoring of water quality is presently focused mainly on phytoplankton, suspended particulate matter, and yellow substance, while there is still great uncertainty in the retrieval of CODMn. In this study, the Landsat-8 surface reflectance data set from Google Earth Engine
and in situ CODMn measurements were matched. The support vector regression (SVR) machine learning model was calibrated using the matchups. With the SVR model, this study estimates the CODMn in Hongze Lake, presents the historical spatiotemporal CODMn distributions,
and discusses the affecting factors of the change trend of the CODMn in Hongze Lake. The results showed that the SVR model adequately estimated CODMn, with a sum squared error of 1.49 mg2/L2, a coefficient of determination (R2)
of 0.95, and a root mean square error of 0.15 mg/L. CODMn in Hongze Lake was high in general and showed a decreasing trend in the past decade. Huai River, Xinsu River, and Huaihongxin River were still the main sources of oxygen-consuming pollutants in Hongze Lake. The wetland natural
reserve near Yugou had a significant effect on reducing CODMn. This study provides not only a scientific reference for the management of CODMn in Hongze Lake, but also a feasible scheme for remote sensing monitoring of CODMn in inland water.