bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Analysis Of Non-Performing Loan (Npl) Loans Impact Coronavirus Disease 2019 (Covid-19) Case Study At Pt. Banten Regional Development Bank, Tbk Cilegon Branch Office
Authors: Kadikah Siti , Febrianti Dian
Published: October 2023

Purpose - The purpose of this paper was to find out how the impact of covid-19 on NPL loans and how Bank Banten Cilegon's efforts in carrying out restructuring/relaxing NPL loans in the covid-19 pandemic situation.

Design/methodology/approach - The method used in this research is a qualitative descriptive research method. The technique used in data collection where the source of the data obtained is primary and secondary data.

Finding - PT. The Banten Regional Development Bank, Tbk Cilegon Branch Office implements a credit restructuring/ relaxing policy for customers affected by covid-19 in accordance with the policies stipulated by POJK Number 11/POJK.03/2020. In addition, PT. The Banten Regional Development Bank, Tbk Cilegon Branch Office also applies the precautionary principle. This aims to minimize the risk of non-performing loans that can occur at any time. The impact of covid-19 on NPL credit has a major impact on bank health and bank liquidity.

Originality - From the results of the discussion, with the covid-19 PT. The Banten Regional Development Bank, Tbk Cilegon Branch Office rescued credit, namely by carrying out credit restructuring/relaxation for debtors affected by the covid-19 pandemic in accordance with the policies stipulated by POJK Number 11/POJK.03/2020 by providing leniency in paying arrears. Both arrears of principal, interest and extending the installment period. However, if the NPL credit had previously experienced a loss before the covid-19 pandemic, the bank could not process restructuring /loan relaxation
PANDANGAN TENTANG KEKAYAAN DI DALAM AMSAL 22:1-16 DAN SUMBANGANNYA BAGI ETIKA BISNIS KRISTEN
Authors: Margianto Aris
Published: October 2023

Kitab Amsal banyak menyinggung tema tentang kekayaan, termasuk di antaranya adalah Amsal 22:1-16. Pengamatan terhadap komposisi teks tersebut menunjukkan struktur dasar yang simetris melalui paralelisme dari baris-baris kalimatnya, dengan ayat 10-13 sebagai sisipan di dalamnya. Penentuan struktur perikop ini penting, karena ikut menentukan pemaknaan teks yang ditafsirkan. Amsal 22:1-16 memandang kekayaan bukan sebagai yang terutama. Lebih penting dari kekayaan adalah nama, yang tidak dapat dilepaskan dari karakter, sikap, dan perilaku si penyandang nama tersebut. Itu sebabnya usaha untuk memperoleh kekayaan harus mempertimbangkan aspek moral dan etika, khususnya berdasarkan prinsip hukum pembalasan. Hal ini harus diajarkan pada generasi muda sedini mungkin. Pandangan tentang kekayaan di dalam Amsal 22:1-16 sangat relevan untuk memberikan sumbangan bagi prinsip-prinsip Etika Bisnis Kristen.
INA GEREJA: TUGAS PANGGILAN SEBAGAI INA INJIL DAN INA SESAMA
Authors: Prianty Simanjuntak Wilda
Published: October 2023

Gerakan perkembangan Injil yang terserak dan menyebar sampai ke ujung bumi, tak lepas dari peran para Ibu – selanjutnya disebut sebagai Ina Gereja. Para Ina Gereja mengambil peran dalam tugas-tugas pelayanan Gereja meskipun pelayanan mereka lepas-mimbar. Namun, derap dan gaungnya menyebar ke berbagai ruangruang pelayanan gereja. Tak henti-hentinya Ina Gereja berkontribusi aktif dalam pelayanan Gereja. Sebut saja, salah satunya adalah pelayanan dalam peribadatan Gereja dan rumah tangga-rumah tangga dan beragam pelayanan lainnya.
KEPEMIMPINAN KRISTEN DI ERA DIGITAL TERHADAP GENERASI STRAWBERRY
Authors: Hia Lurusman Jaya , Angelina Claudia , Santosa Monica
Published: October 2023

Tingkat kerapuhan generasi dalam satu dekade terakhir ini semakin bertambah akibat tekanan yang harus dihadapi dari berbagai bidang kehidupan. Sehingga memahami generasi yang cepat rapuh sebagai sarana memimpin menjadi penting untuk dipahami oleh para pemimpin Kristen dalam memimpin generasi dalam gereja. Dikotomi sakral sering kali mewarnai cara pandang pemimpin Kristen terhadap generasi yang cepat rapuh ini adalah sebagai generasi yang cepat menyerah dan tidak mau menanggung kesulitan. Atau sering disebut sebagai Strawberry Generation yang cepat lunak namun kreatif dalam perkembangan digital teknologi. Penelitian ini bermaksud untuk memahami generasi yang cepat rapuh yang disebut sebagai Strawberry Generation, dan bagaimana pemimpin Kristen menyingkapi persoalan yang sedang mereka hadapi. Metode penelitian yang digunakan dalam kajian ini adalah studi literatur. Sehingga melalui kajian ini dapat dilihat bahwa Strawberry Generation adalah bagian generasi gereja, dan gereja bertanggungjawab untuk merespons permasalahan yang mereka alami dengan kepemimpinan Kristen.
KEPEMIMPINAN DENGAN KETELADANAN: STUDI KATA “TELADAN” DALAM PERJANJIAN BARU DAN IMPLEMENTASINYA BAGI KEPEMIMPINAN KRISTEN MASA KINI
Authors: Setiadarma Ferijanto
Published: October 2023

Keteladanan merupakan salah satu faktor penting dalam kepemimpinan Kristen, yang dapat dilakukan dengan menerapkan sejumlah prinsip dalam Alkitab, khususnya Perjanjian Baru. Peneliti melakukan pendalaman terhadap prinsip-prinsip tersebut dengan melakukan kajian Studi Kata Bahasa Yunani, yaitu terhadap lima kata Yunani yang dapat diartikan “teladan”, yaitu: ὑπόδειγμα, μιμέομαι, τύπος, ὑπογραμμὸς dan δεῖγμα. Semua kata itu berpusat pada karakter dan karya Yesus Kristus.

Ketika keteladanan benar-benar diimpelementasikan dalam Kepemimpinan Kristen, hal itu mendatangkan manfaat yang sangat besar terlebih dengan mempertimbangkan pelbagai aspek yang ada, sesuai dengan model dan konteks dari kepemimpinan itu sendiri.
KAJIAN DAMPAK PARTISIPASI MASYARAKAT BANK SAMPAH MULYO SEDOYO GEREJA ISA ALMASIH JEMAAT PRINGGADING DI KELURAHAN BRUMBUNGAN KOTA SEMARANG TERHADAP EKSISTING BANK SAMPAH DI KOTA SEMARANG
Authors: Gunawan Melissa Azelea
Published: October 2023

Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui kondisi eksisting bank sampah di Kota Semarang dan respon masyarakat sekitar. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode penelitian survei. Teknik pengumpulan data menggunakan wawancara mendalam, observasi, angket, dan dokumentasi. Sampel yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah sejumlah nasabah bank sampah Mulyo Sedoyo dengan kriteria telah tinggal di Kota Semarang minimal 5 tahun dan berusia minimal 17 tahun. Sampel ini akan menjadi responden yang akan menjawab kuesioner dari peneliti. Jumlah sampel 171 responden ditentukan dengan metode accidental sampling Hasil penelitian kami menunjukkan bahwa penggunaan media sosial dan platform online sebagai pemasaran produk terbukti efektif dan meningkatkan omset dibandingkan dengan cara konvensional. Bank Sampah di Mulyo Sedoyo memiliki beberapa kendala yang menyebabkan Bank Sampah berjalan kurang efektif. Masalah utama adalah kurangnya minat masyarakat untuk berpartisipasi di Bank Sampah dan menjadi nasabah Bank Sampah. Diperlukan upaya yang lebih aktif dan gigih dari pemerintah untuk memberikan bantuan bangunan atau gerakan untuk mengedukasi pentingnya bank sampah bagi lingkungan secara umum dan perekonomian masyarakat pada khususnya.
BERBAGI PENGHASILAN
Authors: Saputra Jefri Andri
Published: October 2023

Artikel ini bertujuan untuk mengonstruksikan sistem ekonomi dan etos kerja kristiani untuk mengatasi masalah kemiskinan akibat resesi ekonomi. Penulis mengonstruksikan sistem ekonomi dan etos kerja kristiani dengan menganalisis teks Efesus 4:28. Metode penelitian yang digunakan adalah kritik tradisi. Adapun tradisi yang dipilih adalah tradisi memungut sisa panen. Penulis menemukan bahwa transformasi dalam aktivitas ekonomi dapat menunjang dalam mengentaskan kemiskinan. Transformasi tersebut merujuk kepada mengimplementasikan sistem ekonomi yang solider kepada orang miskin dan beberapa etos kerja kristiani, yakni bekerja keras, melakukan pekerjaan yang baik dan bermanfaat, bekerja untuk mencukupkan diri, dan bekerja untuk berbagi.
МАСОВНИ ЗЛОЧИНИ НАД СРБИМА У ОПШТИНИ КОЗАРСКА ДУБИЦА 1941-1945. ГОДИНЕ
Authors: Димић Мирко
Published: October 2023

Први познати масовни злочин усташа по- чињен је над 108 ухапшених Дубичана, који су транс- портовани у правцу Глине, 24. јула 1941. године. Протјеривање и убиства на подручју данашње Козар- ске и Хрватске Дубице добиће своју завршну фазу у мају 1942. Од преко 10.000 Срба, који су живјели на овом подручју до маја 1942, остало је свега њих из- међу 2.000 и 3.000, који су уклоњени, тако да је под- ручје етнички очишћено од Срба. Током и завршетком војних операција на планини Козари, љета 1942. го- дине, са овог подручја депортовано је између 68.000 и 80.000 становника у логоре. Војне јединице Неза- висне Државе Хрватске и Њемачке су, под изговором стријељања партизана, убиле огроман број српског цивилног становништва на подручју Козаре. Истражи- вање страдања становника села, као што су Срефлије и Шеварлије, показује нове резултате и окрића нових појединачних жртава, које до сада нису биле пописа- не, као и карактер страдања осликан убиствима вели- ког броја дјеце.
СТРАДАЊЕ СРПСКОГ НАРОДА СЈЕВЕРНЕ ДАЛМАЦИЈЕ У ДРУГОМ СВЈЕТСКОМ РАТУ НА ОСНОВУ РЕВИДИРАНОГ ПОПИСА ЖРТАВА РАТА ИЗ 1964. ГОДИНЕ
Authors: Гулић Милан
Published: October 2023

С обзиром на број жртава, мобилисаних војника и територијални обухват бојног поља, Други свјетски рат представља најстрашнији оружани сукоб у историји човјечанства. Оставио је страховите посље- дице широм свијета и значајно утицао на многе појаве и догађаје из наредних деценија. Југословенски про- стор је био поприште рата од априла 1941. до маја 1945. године и за то вријеме тешко је пострадао како због окупације, тако и због грађанског рата који се распламсао у тим специфичним околностима. Југосла- вија је нестала, а да никада поуздано није утврђено колико је жртава проузроковао тај рат. Најзначајнији прилог покушају да се до те бројке дође дао је попис жртава рата из 1964. године. Управо на основу резул- тата тог пописа, у овом раду смо настојали да утврди- мо колике је жртве Други свјетски рат проузроковао међу Србима у сјеверној Далмацији. Настојали смо да утврдимо која су подручја сјеверне Далмације на- сељена Србима највише пострадала и ко је одговоран за њихово страдање. Сврха рада је да, на основу тако добијених података, створи сумарну слику о страдању Срба у сјеверној Далмацији у Другом свјетском рату.
A mesoscopic numerical method for enhanced pool boiling heat transfer on conical surfaces under action of electric field
Authors: Zhang Sen , Lou Qin ,   School of Energy and Power Engineering, University of Shanghai for Science and Technology, Shanghai 200093, China
Published: October 2023

The saturated pool boiling heat transfer on a conical structure surface under the action of an electric field is numerically investigated by using the lattice Boltzmann (LB) model coupled with an electric field model. A comparison study of boiling heat transfer phenomenon smooth surface and conical surface without the action of an electric field is first conducted in order to quantitatively analyze the mechanism of the electric field effect on boiling heat transfer on the conical structure surface. It is discovered that the conical structure has more active nucleation sites during the nucleate boiling regime, improving the boiling heat transfer efficiency and enhancing the critical heat flux (CHF). However, in the transition boiling stage and film boiling stage, the conical structure increases the flow resistance of the fluid on the fin surface, hindering heat transfer between the vapor and liquid and producing lower heat transfer performance than smooth surface. Based on the aforementioned findings, the boiling heat transmission on the conical structure surface is enhanced by applying an electric field. Numerical results indicate that the effect of the electric field on the boiling heat transfer performance on the conical structure surface is related to the boiling regime. In the earlier stage of the nucleation boiling regime, when an electric field is present, the onset time of bubble nucleation is slightly delayed, bubble size decreases a little, and boiling is slightly suppressed. However, the combination effect of electric field and conical structure, especially the tip effect, prevents the spread and diffusion of dry areas on the heating surface, thereby enhancing boiling heat transfer in the fully developed nucleate boiling stage. The tip effect grows more evidently in the transition boiling regime and film boiling regime, and increasing electric field intensity causes boiling to continue in the nucleate boiling regime at a higher superheat level. As a result, boiling heat transfer performance is greatly improved, and CHF steadily rises.
Jugar afuera: recuperación del espacio público para la recreación y el cuidado de la infancia en Bajos de Mena
Authors:   , Saavedra Quezada Catalina Isidora
Published: October 2023

Según Artículo 31 de la Convención sobre los Derechos del Niño, niños y niñas tienen derecho al juego, el esparcimiento y la participación en la vida cultural, artística y recreativa. Derechos que, en el caso de las infancias urbanas, se entienden dentro de la ciudad. Sin embargo, a partir de los cambios provocados por la industrialización, modernización y densificación de las ciudades, cada vez se hace más difícil para niños y niñas participar y hacer uso de su entorno urbano, dificultando el ejercicio de sus derechos. La garantía de estos derechos se ve aún más perjudicada en barrios vulnerables o de alto riesgo. Por un lado, el espacio reducido de las viviendas, junto con su baja calidad constructiva, impide consolidar recintos adecuados para el juego y cuidado de los infantes. Por el otro, el espacio público y las escasas áreas verdes son precarios o bien, significan un peligro para los niños. Factores como la percepción de inseguridad, delincuencia, narcotráfico, entre otros, resultan en el miedo por parte de los padres y cuidadores, quienes optan por mantener a los niños dentro del espacio privado. De esta forma, se les niega la ciudad y el disfrute de los espacios abiertos a los más pequeños, pero tampoco se dan las condiciones mínimas para su desarrollo motor, psicológico y social en el hogar. Esta investigación se propone estudiar cómo se configuran los espacios de recreación de la infancia en barrios de alto riesgo, usando como caso de estudio las villas de condominios sociales en Bajos de Mena, Puente Alto, caracterizadas por la precariedad de sus viviendas y espacios públicos. Estas se analizarán de forma escalar desde las perspectivas de las necesidades de la infancia, el juego y la seguridad, con el objetivo de identificar herramientas proyectuales para la creación de espacios públicos para el juego que otorguen tanto seguridad como una mayor autonomía a niños y niñas dentro de sus barrios. De esta forma, se plantea una recuperación del entorno urbano en beneficio de la infancia y la comunidad que lo habita, en contextos vulnerables que actualmente no lo permiten.
Relaciones patrimoniales en torno al río Pilmaiken: tensiones entre agentes extractivistas, oficialistas y miembros de la comunidad Leufu Pilmaiquen Maihue en el sector rural del Maihue Carimallín, comuna de Río Bueno, 2011 - 2022
Authors:   , Cuevas Gaete Pablo
Published: October 2023

La investigación aborda la asociatividad entre las personas y los ríos en base a las relaciones patrimoniales entre ambos. Utiliza como base empírica a la comunidad mapuche williche Leufu Pilmaiquen Maihue, ubicada en el sector rural del Maihue Carimallín, a 35 Km. de la comuna de Río Bueno. En base a un enfoque patrimonial, se propone investigar las distintas formas en que puede existir el río Pilmaiken más allá de su utilización como recurso. Con ello, se pretende reflexionar sobre la relación entre el patrimonio indígena y las demandas sociales, políticas y ambientales, y entre los conceptos naturaleza y cultura desde la mirada de los pueblos indígenas. La metodología se centra en la teoría del actor – red para aproximarnos a la asociatividad entre actores humanos y no humanos, utilizando el trabajo de campo etnográfico para describir la red de actores, y determinar su agencia y capacidad de mediación en torno a la misma. Los métodos consisten en la observación participante en la visita al río y de otros cursos de agua, recorridos en “caminata lenta”, conversaciones en base al trawün y la revisión de fuentes documentales. Como aplicación práctica se propone desarrollar un Departamento de Investigación y Difusión (DID) y un sendero patrimonial indígena, para fomentar la experiencia de recorrer el sector de Maihue Carimallín y el río Pilmaiken, centrándonos en las relaciones y prácticas patrimoniales de cuidado, sostenibilidad y conservación entre los distintos actores. De esta manera, se espera contribuir a una aproximación a las relaciones complejas y dinámicas entre las personas y los ríos, y generar un espacio para nuevas relaciones entre los pueblos indígenas y el Estado.
La ciudad de los ancianos: integración habitacional a través del sistema Mat-Building: el caso de la Fundación Las Rosas
Authors:   , Freire Concha Sebastián Andrés
Published: October 2023

La presente investigación se inscribe en el marco del Taller de investigación y proyecto de Magíster en Arquitectura de la Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, “La Última Casa”, dirigido por Max Nuñez y Pabla Amigo durante el año 2022. Este especula sobre el rápido aumento en la población de adultos mayores a nivel global, reconsiderando lo que entendemos por vejez, estudiando las implicaciones espaciales y materiales del proceso de envejecimiento y sus consecuencias en la arquitectura. Esta tesis tiene como objetivo investigar la densificación habitacional para adultos mayores con riesgo socioeconómico en Chile, centrándose en su integración y adaptación desde la ciudad hasta la habitación, a través del análisis de sistemas abiertos en la arquitectura. El creciente porcentaje de personas mayores de 65 años en el país ha llevado a la implementación de programas de cuidados de larga duración por parte del Estado. Para llevarlos a cabo, este se vincula con instituciones privadas, con y sin fines de lucro, al cuidado del adulto mayor. Sin embargo, la falta de coordinación entre el Estado y las instituciones sin fines de lucro ha incrementado el déficit habitacional, lo que se ve reflejado en las precarias condiciones habitacionales, la gran lista de espera para ingresar a las residencias, el aislamiento de los residentes de la ciudad y la pérdida de identidad e independencia de los adultos mayores al ingresar a las residencias. En respuesta a estas problemáticas se analizará el sistema Mat-Building propuesto por Alison Smithson, con el fin de encontrar sistema de densificación capaz de adaptarse a distintas necesidades, sean estas programáticas, funcionales, de contexto, de presupuesto, constructivas o emocionales, frente al déficit habitacional presente en las instituciones sin fines de lucro que albergan a los adultos mayores con riesgo socioeconómico en nuestro país. Con lo anterior, la tesis pretende contribuir al desarrollo de soluciones arquitectónicas más adecuadas para la integración y adaptación de este grupo etario.
Centro educacional y biofilia: estrategias pasivas y energéticamente eficientes en un edificio de estructura en madera ubicado en Talca
Authors:   , Sandoval Olmedo Macarena Belén
Published: October 2023

Según el psicoanalista alemán Erich Seligmann, la biofilia se define como “la pasión por todo lo viviente, es una pasión y no un producto lógico, no está en el Yo, sino que es parte de la personalidad”, para el biólogo estadounidense Edward O. Wilson, la biofilia es el contrapuesto al constructivismo, y para el filósofo John Gray, la biofilia es el precario vínculo emocional que liga a la humanidad con la tierra, y este vínculo da a lugar la lucha para conservar a la naturaleza salvaje y a los seres vivos. Actualmente ha sido demostrada la importancia de la salud mental en cada aspecto de la vida, como por ejemplo en el aprendizaje. Tanto la infraestructura como la materialidad de un edificio influyen en ésta, pero ¿Qué características de un edificio afectarán directamente en el rendimiento académico? ¿Cuáles se pueden replicar y estar al alcance de todos los estudiantes? La presente tesis busca explorar cómo la materialidad de un edificio híbrido y sus estrategias pasivas pueden influir en el rendimiento académico. Usando un edificio de madera dentro de un distrito de innovación en la ciudad de Talca, se pretende explorar los distintos parámetros que hacen que un espacio educacional sea óptimo para el aprendizaje, demostrando así la necesidad de estrategias eficientes energéticamente al momento de diseñar estos centros educacionales.
Paso, paseo, pasarela: oportunidades peatonales en los quiebres de la trama urbana
Authors:   , Sillard Vera Danae Paz
Published: October 2023

Esta tesis busca levantar, analizar y registrar la pasarela como solución actual y futura a los quiebres peatonales de la trama urbana provocados por autopistas, líneas de tren y metro. Así, se pretende encontrar oportunidades desde la arquitectura para construir ciudades sensibles con los habitantes. Esto se hace por medio de una observación compuesta de 3 partes: el PASO; para comprender las problemáticas en torno a los quiebres de la trama urbana, sus cruces y actuales dinámicas ciudadanas, luego el PASEO que comprende un levantamiento en torno a los programas posibles en un proyecto de cruce elevado, y finalmente la PASARELA, una observación de su estructura, su forma, y sus cualidades. Entendiendo a la pasarela como una pieza de arquitectura pública, el fin de éste estudio es, por un lado, hacer conciencia sobre la problemática de quiebres en la trama urbana y su actual solución tipo. Y por otro lado proponer una diversidad de opciones de diseño y factores a considerar a la hora de proyectar una pasarela.
Effects of stress in the growth of microbial biofilms
Authors:   , Medina Boyd Ignacio
Published: October 2023

In active matter physics, bacteria are considered active agents that grow and reproduce by division. Some bacterial strains attach to surfaces forming biofilms which exhibit complex spatial behavior, governed by the internal and external physical interactions and many biological factors. Studies have been made about the biomechanical interactions that arise in such systems, but due to the complexity of the biological mechanisms, few conclusions about the dynamics of growth and underlying physics have been drawn. In the present work, we propose a simplified two dimensional biophysical model to reduce to a minimum the number of factors that affect dynamics of the system. Using numerical methods, we explore the parameter dependence of our model, applying different boundary conditions to our numerical simulations. Internal stresses and velocities within the system show an exponential profile that defines zones of buckling and a steady front that propagates the biofilm towards unoccupied regions. By taking averages over ensembles of cells, we create a continuous description of the system and compare the continuous theory to the dynamics given by the numerical simulations. We conclude that the modelled biofilm dynamics, stresses and growth agree to the theoretical results, and the growing front presents a characteristic length defined by the interplay between dynamical viscosity and cell stiffness.
La conformación de la historiografía chilena y la construcción del Estado y la Nación (1828-1848)
Authors:   , Moraes Pacheco Vanessa
Published: October 2023

Los estudios sobre la historiografía chilena del siglo XIX se centraron preferentemente en los textos producidos a lo largo de la segunda mitad del siglo XIX. Al hacerlo, olvidaron los orígenes y los primeros desarrollos del estudio de la Historia de Chile, los que están presentes ya en la primera mitad del siglo. Además, mantuvieron un excesivo interés por la disputa metodológica entre las escuelas historiográficas, sobrevaloraron el pensamiento europeo, desestimando los esfuerzos intelectuales realizados localmente, perdiendo de vista la conexión entre el interés por el pasado, el contexto del presente y los planes para el futuro. En ese sentido, esta tesis demuestra que los estudios sobre el pasado nacional surgieron en un contexto intelectual e histórico nacional. Fueron las disputas ideológicas y políticas sobre la formación del nuevo Estado Nacional y acerca de su futuro, las que influyeron en las múltiples interpretaciones sobre el pasado. En particular, mostramos que los autores del siglo XIX se preocuparon por la situación del gobierno conservador establecido a partir de 1830, fuese para defenderlo o atacarlo. Así, los primeros textos historiográficos se revelaron tan heterogéneos como las perspectivas ideológicas y políticas existentes en aquel momento. Así, sostenemos, la Historia de Chile sirvió para sustentar diferentes proyectos de Estado y, por ende, para validar la forma de gobierno que tal proyecto demandaba. Pero las interpretaciones de la Historia de Chile necesitaron estar basadas en la ciencia, pues sólo así podrían revindicar su validez. De modo que esta tesis también describió cómo la Historia se convirtió en una ciencia aparte basada en métodos experimentales. Para realizar esa investigación fue imperativo ofrecer una nueva metodología que reemplazara a la de la Historia de las Ideas, y así poder analizar los primeros trabajos dedicados a la Historia de Chile y entender cómo concurrían la política y la Historia. Utilizamos la Historia Intelectual para examinar el discurso histórico como una actividad simultáneamente política e intelectual y como una ciencia en desarrollo. Identificamos y escrutamos la pluralidad de formas de estudiar y escribir la Historia, la relación de sus contenidos con el posicionamiento político e ideológico de los autores y los aportes a la configuración de la nueva ciencia. Con eso demostramos que la Historia coincidía con la política, la filosofía, la literatura y la cultura y, por lo tanto, estuvo íntimamente relacionada con la construcción del Estado nacional chileno.
War crimes and ensuring Ukraine's national security through the prism of Russia's armed aggression
Authors: Loshytskyi Mykhailo , Kolotilov Oleksandr , Bogdanov Roman , Verbytskyi Vitalii , Cherniienko Anton
Published: October 2023

Modern democratic states of the world make a lot of efforts to ensure national security, which is one of the priority areas of state activity. In recent years, you have observed armed aggression on the part of individual states, evidence of which is the illegal invasion of the territory of Ukraine by Russian troops in February 2022 and the commission of a number of war crimes by them. The article uses general and special scientific methods. A war crime is a violation of international humanitarian law or national legislation by a serviceman or other person participating in an armed conflict or involved in military activities, with the aim of harming the civilian population, prisoners of war, objects of cultural heritage, etc. Such acts may include, for example, murder, torture, violence, sexual crimes, ethnic cleansing, violence against children, forced displacement of populations and other crimes that entail responsibility under international law. The specified crimes should certainly be considered crimes against humanity, because they are particularly brutal and massive, as well as being exclusively intentional in nature, and are a serious threat to the humanitarian situation both in a specific state and in the whole world in general.
Turismo gastronômico
Authors: Gimenes-Minasse Maria Henriqueta Sperandio Garcia
Published: October 2023

O Turismo e a alimentação se relacionam de formas diversas. Dentre as possibilidades, o Turismo Gastronômico se destaca por valorizar o patrimônio alimentar local, gerar experiências enriquecedoras para os visitantes e funcionar como um vetor do desenvolvimento econômico local e regional. Este artigo aborda o Turismo Gastronômico em seus aspectos fundamentais, tratando de seu conceito, subsegmentos, características, principais atrativos e desafios para o seu desenvolvimento sustentável. Apresenta também conceitos básicos para compreender a alimentação como uma prática cultural. Busca-se fornecer ao leitor um conhecimento geral e introdutório sobre o Turismo Gastronômico a partir da visão de autores nacionais e internacionais que são referência nas pesquisas sobre o tema.
Effect of Continuous Training versus Interval Training on Functional Parameters of Stage-1 Hypertensive Patients: A Randomised Clinical Study
Authors: Gajbhiye Akansha Ajay , Vardhan Vishnu
Published: October 2023

Introduction: Hypertension is one of the major risk factors for heart attack and stroke, often referred to as the “silent killer.” Non pharmacological therapy can be used to manage hypertension in addition to pharmacological therapy. Exercise such as continuous and interval training are types of physical exercises. Findings indicate that Moderate-Intensity Continuous Training (MICT) and High-Intensity Interval Training (HIIT), lower average blood pressure in Stage-1 hypertensive patients. Need of the study: To evaluate the effectiveness of interval training and continuous training on patients with Stage-1 hypertension and to prevent the progression to the next stage of hypertension. Aim: To compare the effects of continuous training versus interval training on blood pressure, heart rate, and Rate of Perceived Exertion (RPE) in Stage-1 hypertension. Materials and Methods: This randomised clinical study will be conducted at the Cardiovascular and Thoracic Surgery Unit, Acharya Vinobha Bhave Rural Hospital, Sawangi, Wardha, Maharashtra, India, for a duration of six months. In this study, 130 patients diagnosed with Stage-1 hypertension will be divided into two groups. The first 65 will be randomly assigned to Group A as the interval training group, while the remaining 65 will be assigned to Group B as the continuous training group. Each patient’s demographic information, including name, age, gender, height, and weight, will be recorded. Before the intervention, patients’ blood pressure and heart rate will be measured, taking an average of three readings. Training will then commence, and patients will be reassessed to determine the effectiveness. Statistical analysis will be performed using paired and unpaired t-tests.
Management of Dermoid Cysts in Pregnancy at a Tertiary Care Centre: A Retrospective Observational Study
Authors: Reddy Tamma Anusha , RaJ SL Arathy , Kumari Minakshi , Rathore Swati , Beena K
Published: October 2023

Introduction: Ovarian masses are not uncommon in pregnancy. The increased use of Ultrasonography (USG) in recent years has led to the detection of asymptomatic ovarian masses in pregnant women. Dermoid cysts are the most common type of ovarian germ cell tumour in pregnancy. Most of them are asymptomatic and are incidental findings. However, a few can present with complications such as torsion and rupture. The diagnosis and management of dermoid cysts in pregnancy present a clinical dilemma. Aim: To evaluate the management and outcomes of antenatal patients diagnosed with dermoid cysts. Materials and Methods: A retrospective observational study was conducted in the Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology at Christian Medical College, Vellore, Tamil Nadu, India, from January 2015 to January 2022. The study included 37 patients, and data regarding the diagnosis of dermoid cysts, their radiological and clinical characteristics, management, and pregnancy outcomes were collected from the electronic database. Descriptive statistics were used for reporting demographic and clinical characteristics. Categorical variables were presented as numbers with percentages, while continuous variables were presented as mean with Standard Deviation (SD) or median with Interquartile Range (IQR). Results: The dermoid cysts ranged in size from 2.2 cm to 30 cm, with a mean size of 7.28±4.51 cm. A total of 35 (95%) of them were incidentally detected. USG was the imaging modality used for diagnosis and follow-up. Only 30% (11/37) of the patients required surgical intervention during the antenatal period. Torsion was the indication for emergency surgical intervention in 46% (5/11) of cases. Laparoscopy was the preferred approach for surgical intervention in 91% (10/11) of patients. The remaining 70% (26/37) of patients were managed conservatively with serial USG, and no adverse outcomes were reported. Among the patients who underwent caesarean section for obstetric indications, 35% (13/37) also underwent surgical intervention for the dermoid cyst (either cystectomy or oophorectomy) during the same procedure. Conclusion: Antenatal patients diagnosed with dermoid cysts during pregnancy can be managed conservatively with serial USG, with a plan for surgical intervention if needed. In cases where surgical intervention is required, it can be safely performed as a laparoscopic procedure. In case of complications such as torsion, laparoscopy can be performed during pregnancy with appropriate precautionary measures.
Surgical Success in Peri-implantitis Management using Guided Bone Regeneration: A Case Report with 2-Year Follow-up
Authors: Shivakumar Baskaran , Gayathri Kulandaivelu , Deepavalli Arumuganainar
Published: October 2023

Dental implant-supported restorations have become a potential treatment option for edentulous patients. However, complications may arise due to an inappropriate selection of patients and/or inadequate treatment planning, along with irregular maintenance. In such scenarios, peri-mucositis and Peri-Implantitis (PI) may occur as sequelae to dental implants. The prevalence rates of these complications are reported to be high. Inflammation of peri-implant soft tissue and resorption of supporting bone are significant features of PI. Routine evaluation should include Probing Pocket Depth (PPD) measurement and radiographic assessments to determine pathological changes in the peri-implant tissue. Treatment modalities for PI include non-surgical therapy, local drug delivery, anti-infective therapy, and surgical management focused on regenerating the lost peri-implant tissue. This case report demonstrates successful surgical management of PI in a 22-year-old male patient who presented with exudate in relation to an endosseous implant in the 12 region, with a PPD of 7 mm and peri-implant bone loss. Meticulous planning and comprehensive management led to the implant finally being restored to a healthy and fully functional status.
High-performance Liquid Chromatography based Methods for Determination of Antitubercular Drugs in Urine Samples: A Scoping Review
Authors: Upadhyay Shilpa Manish , Dhok Archana , Quazi Zahiruddin Syed
Published: October 2023

Introduction: Tuberculosis (TB) is a contagious disease and is one of the leading causes of death worldwide. TB is primarily caused by Mycobacterium Tuberculosis (MTB) and the percentage of Multi-Drug Resistance TB (MDR-TB) and Extensively Drug Resistance TB (XDR-TB) is increasing daily in many developing countries. Aim: To summarise different High-performance Liquid Chromatography (HPLC)-based methods for checking treatment adherence and drug monitoring of patients by estimating the amount of Anti-tubercular (Anti-TB) drugs in urine samples. Materials and Methods: The authors conducted a search and screened various databases (PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science, Google Scholar) using different keywords between April 2023 and June 2023. The authors included original research articles, clinical trials, and observational studies that focused on estimating anti-TB drugs in urine samples using HPLC. The authors excluded articles that employed methods other than HPLC for drug estimation in urine samples. A total of 13 articles were included in this review. Results: The authors identified 296 articles from different electronic databases and four articles from other sources (Google Scholar, ResearchGate, etc.). Ultimately, 13 articles were included describing HPLC-based methods for determining anti-TB drugs in urine samples. Data was extracted focusing on mobile phases and sample preparation/extraction procedures. Two articles of 2004 and 2014 reported simple mobile phases and sample preparation methods for estimating rifampicin and isoniazid. Additionally, articles published in the last five years have employed simple mobile phases with minimal or no extraction procedures. Conclusion: The present review summarises various HPLCbased methods reported in the literature, as it is considered the gold standard method for checking treatment adherence in TB patients. Urine samples were chosen for ease of collection, particularly from patients of different age groups, including the paediatric population. This review highlights the need for more HPLC-based methods with simple mobile phases and extraction procedures for early detection of anti-TB drugs in resource-poor settings.
Effects of Career Orientation on Youth Employability in Marsabit County
Authors: Umuro Simeon , Obuba Robert
Published: October 2023

The effects of internship policy on the employability of the youth have been understudied. The youths are the present and future of any nation since they have crucial implications for future economic growth, development, and stability. As such, if youth unemployment is overlooked, it has the potential to have significant and serious social repercussions. However, unemployment among the youth is rampant across the world. This study aimed at examining how the Public Service Internship Policy (PSIP) affected young people's employment. This study was guided by specific objective which was to investigate the impact of career orientation on youth employability in Marsabit County. The researcher used a descriptive research design to assess the influence of PSIP on employability. The target population of the study was 1,439 interns who benefited from the government-sponsored internship programs and were posted in various state departments, agencies, and ministries in 2021. A sufficient sample for the research was selected using random and stratified sampling methods. Using Slovin's formulas, the sample size for the study was established. A structured questionnaire was used to gather the data, which assisted to gather both qualitative and quantitative information. The data was analyzed using SPSS. Data analysis used descriptive statistics like the mean and standard deviation.  The study further analyzed the relationship between the predictor and predicted variables using inferential statistics. Pearson correlation and regression model was adopted to test the significance of the study variables. The researcher followed all the ethical considerations during the process of conducting the study. The research revealed significant and positive connections between various factors and the employability of young individuals. Specifically, it found a substantial and favorable correlation between having a career orientation and youth employability (correlation coefficient, r = 0.338, p = 0.002). The study concluded that factors such as career orientation exert a positive influence on youth employability. Therefore, it is recommended that the Kenyan government collaborates with educational institutions and parents to ensure that young people receive comprehensive career guidance and counseling, make professional accreditation accessible to all, provide quality education in all educational institutions, and ensure that all learners have access to appropriate mentorship throughout their educational journey.
Influence of Different Types of Manure and Clove Size on the Growth and Yield of Garlic (Allium salivum L)
Authors: Riad Riazul Islam , Mostarin Tahmina , Khatun Khaleda , Nahar Khairun , Hoque Sumona , Nira Jarin Jannat , Sohag Md. Abuzar , Mollah Md. Nuruddin , Akter Most. Mahmuda
Published: October 2023

In order to determine the effects of various types of manure and clove size on the development and productivity of garlic, an experiment was carried out at the Horticulture farm of Sher-e-Bangla Agricultural University, Dhaka, between November 2021 and April 2022. The experiment consisted of three sizes of garlic cloves (Viz. C1=small (50gm/100 cloves), C2=medium (70gm/100 cloves), C3=large (90gm/100 cloves)) and four levels of manure (Viz. M0= Control (No manure), M1= Cowdung (15t/ha), M2= Vermicompost (6t/ha), M3= Mushroom spent compost (6t/ha)). The two-factor experiment was carried out in Randomized Complete Block Design (RCBD) with three replications and 12 treatments. Growth and yield of garlic were influenced by the different clove sizes. The C3 treatment had the most leaves (12.77), the largest bulb diameter (4.11 cm), the most cloves per bulb (25.49), the largest clove diameter (1.35 cm), the largest weight of 10 cloves per bulb (13.5 g), and the highest bulb output per hectare (9.43 ton). The growth and yield of garlic were significantly impacted by different level of manure. The M3 treatment produced the highest number of leaves (12.45), maximum bulb diameter (3.73 cm), highest number of cloves per bulb (24.44), highest diameter of cloves per bulb (1.08 cm), highest weight of 10 cloves per bulb (11.83 g), and highest bulb output per hectare (9.92 ton). The highest bulb yield (11.42 ton/ha) was obtained from M3C3 treatment combination, while the lowest bulb yield (5.49 ton/ha) was obtained from M0C1 treatment combination. So, it can be revealed that the M3C3 treatment combination appeared to the best for achieving the higher yield of garlic.
Analysis of the Functional Characteristics and Costs of Carrot-Sooji Halwa Mix
Authors: Puja  , Chandra Suresh , Mudgal Deepali , Samsher  , Chauhan Neelash , Kumar Pankaj
Published: October 2023

Carrot is a root vegetable that belongs to the Apiaceae family and the botanical names Daucus carota and Genus Daucus. Carrot is a globally important vegetable crop that provides essential bioactive constituents such as carotenoids, anthocyanins, and other phenolic compounds.  Due to the presence of these compounds, carrot is considered as a functional food with potential health benefits for human. In the current investigation, carrot flour was used to create a instant carrot-sooji halwa mix. Carrot flour and semolina were combined to make halwa mix, which was then placed in pouches made of laminated aluminum and packed in the following ratios: 100:0, 90:10, 80:20, 70:30, 60:40, and 50:50. The functional characteristics of water absorption capacity, oil absorption capacity, swelling capacity bulk density, foam capacity and foam stability were assessed using accepted methods. Increased semolina inclusion with carrot flour resulted in a decrease in the functional qualities of the halwa mix, such as water absorption capacity, oil absorption capacity, swelling capacity, and bulk density. The cost of carrot-suji halwa mix of different treatments was observed highest for C100 followed by C90, C80, C70, and C60, and lowest for C50. The cost of halwa mix was decreased with an increase in the incorporation of semolina with carrot flour.
Study of Genetic Variability Parameters for Yield and Its Components under Normal and Late Sown Conditions in Chickpea (Cicer arietinum L.)
Authors: Moin Munazza , Jagan Mohan Rao P.  , Parimala K.  , Anuradha Ch.
Published: October 2023

An investigation consisted of 50 chickpea genotypes including 4 checks viz., JG64, ICC10685, ICC4567 and NBeG47 was conducted during the rabi season of year 2022-23 at Seed Research and Technology centre, Rajendranagar, Telangana. The objective of the study was to estimate magnitude of different parameters of genetic variability for yield and its attributes. The observations were recorded for thirteen different yield and its contributing characters and the results obtained  indicated that in general the phenotypic coefficient of variance was found to be higher as compared to genotypic coefficient of variance for all studied traits. High heritability along with high genetic advance (% mean) was obtained for characters like number of seeds per plant, number of filled pods per plant, seed yield per plant, number of pods per plant, number of primary branches, 100 seed weight, number of secondary branches, and plant height at normal sown conditions, which determines the presence of additive gene action for these characters and in late sown conditions the characters like number of seeds per plant, number of filled pods per plant, seed yield per plant, number of pods per plant, number of primary branches, 100 seed weight, number of secondary branches, and plant height and harvest index had shown high heritability along with high genetic advance. So, it determines the presence of additive gene action for these characters. So, that selection for these characters is beneficial in the breeding programmes.
Exploring the Effects of Enriched Urban Compost and Wastes on Growth and Yield Parameters in Maize (Zea mays L.)
Authors: Shantha Murthy B.  , Sathish A.  , Seenappa C.  , Saralakumari J.  , Umashankar, N.
Published: October 2023

Maize (Zea mays L.) is a crucial global crop, vital for food security and diverse applications. Maize cultivation heavily depends on fertilizers, particularly nitrogen-based ones and their widespread use poses risks like nutrient runoff, causing pollution and economic challenges.

Balancing growth optimization with environmental/economic considerations requires optimizing fertilizer application and sustainable practices. This study aims to reduce reliance on chemical fertilizers by replacing them with microbial-enriched urban compost and wastes in various combinations with inorganic fertilizers to enhance maize yields.

A treatment incorporating 75% NPK + 7.5 t ha-1 of microbial-enriched urban solid waste compost demonstrated the highest plant height, leaf count, cob length, kernel yield, and stover yield. The combined use of enriched compost and chemical fertilizers resulted in increased nutrient availability, improved soil properties, and a favorable microbial environment, contributing to enhanced overall yield.
Correlation between the Seasonal Incidence of Aphids and Coccinellids on the Indian Mustard in Different Varieties and Sowing Dates
Authors: Kishor Ram , Malik Y. P. , Sirajuddin  , Mishra Pramod Kumar , Kushwaha Dhananjay , Verma Shravan Kumar
Published: October 2023

Ecological engineering plays an important role in Integrated Pest Management. Considering this, a field experiment was conducted at the Students’ Instructional Farm (SIF), Chandra Shekhar Azad University of Agriculture and Technology, Kanpur during the rabi season of 2020-21. The severity of the mustard aphid, Lipaphis erysimi (Kalt.) in mustard (Brussica juncea L.) crop and its period of occurrence were not uniform in two successive crop seasons. The highest aphid intensities of 120.8 aphids per plant, 138.0 aphids per plant, 148.7 aphids per plant, and 176.1 aphids per plant were recorded on mustard varieties Varuna, Varuna, Azad Mahak, and Ashirwad, respectively, during mid-February (6th MSW) when the mustard was planted on 13th November, 23rd November, 25th November, and 10th December 2020. A negative correlation was established between the average temperature (r = -0.3599) and the actual intensity of aphids, as well as the weekly increase of aphids (r = -0.5838). On the other hand, average relative humidity had a positive influence on aphid incidence. The potentiality of predatory beetles (coccinellids) in the mustard ecosystem was found to be weather-dependent. The weather factors favourable for aphid multiplication did not support the enhancement of the population of predatory ladybird beetles.