bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Parental and social factors in relation to child psychopathology, behavior, and cognitive function
Authors: Zhang Han , Lee Zu Xuan , White Tonya , Qiu Anqi
Published: February 2020

Parental and social factors have long-term impact on the neurodevelopment of offspring, but tend to highly covary with each other. Thus, it is difficult to parse out which parental and social factor contributes most to neurodevelopmental outcomes. This study aimed to assess clusters of parental and social factors associated with child psychopathology, behavioral problems, and cognition. This study employed the data of 11,875 children (9 to 11 years) from the Adolescent Brain Cognitive Development (ABCD) study. Principal component analysis (PCA) was performed on 39 environmental measures and 30 child behavior and cognitive measures separately to identify clusters of parental and social factors and clusters of child psychopathology, behaviour, and cognition. Regression analysis was used to examine independent effects of each cluster of parental and social factors on child psychopathology, behavioral problems, and cognition. Greater Parent Psychopathology cluster was associated with greater Child Psychopathology cluster. Moreover, greater Socioeconomic Status cluster was associated with greater child General Cognition and Executive Function but less Behavioral Inhibition clusters. Greater Proximal Social Environment and Interaction cluster were associated with less child Impulsive Behavior and Behavioral Inhibition, but greater Behavioral Activation cluster. The environmental clusters related to birth outcomes, maternal tobacco, and drug use were not significantly related to child psychopathology, behavior, and cognition. Our findings suggest that socioeconomic status, parental psychopathology, and social environment and interactions are the strongest risks for behavioral problems and cognitive performance in a general child population. Intervention programs should target modifiable factors within these domains.
Understanding solvent effects on adsorption and protonation in porous catalysts
Authors: Gould Nicholas S. , Li Sha , Cho Hong Je , Landfield Harrison , Caratzoulas Stavros , Vlachos Dionisios , Bai Peng , Xu Bingjun
Published: February 2020

Solvent selection is a pressing challenge in developing efficient and selective liquid phase catalytic processes, as predictive understanding of the solvent effect remains lacking. In this work, an attenuated total reflection infrared spectroscopy technique is developed to quantitatively measure adsorption isotherms on porous materials in solvent and decouple the thermodynamic contributions of van der Waals interactions within zeolite pore walls from those of pore-phase proton transfer. While both the pore diameter and the solvent identity dramatically impact the confinement (adsorption) step, the solvent identity plays a dominant role in proton-transfer. Combined computational and experimental investigations show increasingly favorable pore-phase proton transfer to pyridine in the order: water < acetonitrile < 1,4 – dioxane. Equilibrium methods unaffected by mass transfer limitations are outlined for quantitatively estimating fundamental thermodynamic values using statistical thermodynamics.
B38-CAP is a bacteria-derived ACE2-like enzyme that suppresses hypertension and cardiac dysfunction
Authors: Minato Takafumi , Nirasawa Satoru , Sato Teruki , Yamaguchi Tomokazu , Hoshizaki Midori , Inagaki Tadakatsu , Nakahara Kazuhiko , Yoshihashi Tadashi , Ozawa Ryo , Yokota Saki , Natsui Miyuki , Koyota Souichi , Yoshiya Taku , Yoshizawa-Kumagaye Kumiko , Motoyama Satoru , Gotoh Takeshi , Nakaoka Yoshikazu , Penninger Josef M. , Watanabe Hiroyuki , Imai Yumiko , Takahashi Saori , Kuba Keiji
Published: February 2020

Angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2) is critically involved in cardiovascular physiology and pathology, and is currently clinically evaluated to treat acute lung failure. Here we show that the B38-CAP, a carboxypeptidase derived from Paenibacillus sp. B38, is an ACE2-like enzyme to decrease angiotensin II levels in mice. In protein 3D structure analysis, B38-CAP homolog shares structural similarity to mammalian ACE2 with low sequence identity. In vitro, recombinant B38-CAP protein catalyzed the conversion of angiotensin II to angiotensin 1–7, as well as other known ACE2 target peptides. Treatment with B38-CAP suppressed angiotensin II-induced hypertension, cardiac hypertrophy, and fibrosis in mice. Moreover, B38-CAP inhibited pressure overload-induced pathological hypertrophy, myocardial fibrosis, and cardiac dysfunction in mice. Our data identify the bacterial B38-CAP as an ACE2-like carboxypeptidase, indicating that evolution has shaped a bacterial carboxypeptidase to a human ACE2-like enzyme. Bacterial engineering could be utilized to design improved protein drugs for hypertension and heart failure.
Dinucleoside polyphosphates act as 5′-RNA caps in bacteria
Authors: Hudeček Oldřich , Benoni Roberto , Reyes-Gutierrez Paul E. , Culka Martin , Šanderová Hana , Hubálek Martin , Rulíšek Lubomír , Cvačka Josef , Krásný Libor , Cahová Hana
Published: February 2020

It has been more than 50 years since the discovery of dinucleoside polyphosphates (NpnNs) and yet their roles and mechanisms of action remain unclear. Here, we show that both methylated and non-methylated NpnNs serve as RNA caps in Escherichia coli. NpnNs are excellent substrates for T7 and E. coli RNA polymerases (RNAPs) and efficiently initiate transcription. We demonstrate, that the E. coli enzymes RNA 5′-pyrophosphohydrolase (RppH) and bis(5′-nucleosyl)-tetraphosphatase (ApaH) are able to remove the NpnN-caps from RNA. ApaH is able to cleave all NpnN-caps, while RppH is unable to cleave the methylated forms suggesting that the methylation adds an additional layer to RNA stability regulation. Our work introduces a different perspective on the chemical structure of RNA in prokaryotes and on the role of RNA caps. We bring evidence that small molecules, such as NpnNs are incorporated into RNA and may thus influence the cellular metabolism and RNA turnover.
Role of cell-type specific nucleosome positioning in inducible activation of mammalian promoters
Authors: Oruba Agata , Saccani Simona , van Essen Dominic
Published: February 2020

The organization of nucleosomes across functional genomic elements represents a critical layer of control. Here, we present a strategy for high-resolution nucleosome profiling at selected genomic features, and use this to analyse dynamic nucleosome positioning at inducible and cell-type-specific mammalian promoters. We find that nucleosome patterning at inducible promoters frequently resembles that at active promoters, even before stimulus-driven activation. Accordingly, the nucleosome profile at many inactive inducible promoters is sufficient to predict cell-type-specific responsiveness. Induction of gene expression is generally not associated with major changes to nucleosome patterning, and a subset of inducible promoters can be activated without stable nucleosome depletion from their transcription start sites. These promoters are generally dependent on remodelling enzymes for their inducible activation, and exhibit transient nucleosome depletion only at alleles undergoing transcription initiation. Together, these data reveal how the responsiveness of inducible promoters to activating stimuli is linked to cell-type-specific nucleosome patterning.
Author Correction: The chromosomal organization of horizontal gene transfer in bacteria
Authors: Oliveira Pedro H. , Touchon Marie , Cury Jean , Rocha Eduardo P. C.
Published: February 2020

An amendment to this paper has been published and can be accessed via a link at the top of the paper.
The Prosigna 50-gene profile and responsiveness to adjuvant anthracycline-based chemotherapy in high-risk breast cancer patients
Authors: Jensen Maj-Britt , Lænkholm Anne-Vibeke , Balslev Eva , Buckingham Wesley , Ferree Sean , Glavicic Vesna , Dupont Jensen Jeanette , Søegaard Knoop Ann , Mouridsen Henning T. , Nielsen Dorte , Nielsen Torsten O. , Ejlertsen Bent
Published: February 2020

The DBCG89D trial randomized high-risk early breast cancer patients to adjuvant CMF (cyclophosphamide, methotrexate and fluorouracil) or CEF (cyclophosphamide, epirubicin and fluorouracil). Prosigna assays were performed by researchers with no access to clinical data. Time to distant recurrence (DR) was the primary endpoint, time to recurrence (TR) and overall survival (OS) secondary. Among the 980 Danish patients enrolled, Prosigna results were obtained in 686. Continuous ROR score was associated with DR for CMF (adjusted hazard ratio (HR) 1.20, 95% CI 1.09–1.33), and for CEF (HR 1.04, 95% CI 0.92–1.18), Pinteraction = 0.06. DR was significantly longer in CEF compared to CMF treated patients with Her2-enriched tumors (HR 0.58, 95% CI 0.38–0.86), but not in patients with luminal tumors. Heterogeneity of treatment effect was significant for TR and OS. In this prospective-retrospective analysis, patients with Her2-enriched breast cancer derived substantial benefit from anthracycline chemotherapy whereas anthracyclines are not an essential component of chemotherapy for patients with luminal subtypes. The benefit of CEF vs. CMF correlated with increasing ROR Score.
Stimulated Brillouin scattering of backward stimulated Raman scattering
Authors: Feng Qingsong , Cao Lihua , Liu Zhanjun , Zheng Chunyang , He Xiantu
Published: February 2020

The rescattering of backward stimulated Raman scattering (BSRS) by stimulated Brillouin scattering (SBS) is found in the high electron density region by relativistic Vlasov-Maxwell simulation and particle-in-cell (PIC) simulation, where the BSRS is in the regime of absolute instability and dominates in all the scatterings. Both one dimension (1D) Vlasov simulation and two dimension (2D) PIC simulation have been given to verify that there exists SBS of BSRS in the regime of absolute instability for BSRS. The SBS of BSRS will be even stronger than forward stimulated Raman scattering (FSRS) and SBS in regime of absolute instability for BSRS. Thus, besides Langmuir decay instability and laser energy absorption, the SBS of BSRS is also an important saturation mechanism of BSRS in high electron density region.
RETRACTED ARTICLE: A Mathematical Model for Vibration Behavior Analysis of DNA and Using a Resonant Frequency of DNA for Genome Engineering
Authors: Marvi Mobin , Ghadiri Majid
Published: February 2020

The DNA molecule is the most evolved and most complex molecule created by nature. The primary role of DNA in medicine is long-term storage of genetic information. Genetic modifying is one of the most critical challenges that scientists face. On the other hand, it is said that under the influence of acoustic, electromagnetic, and scalar waves, the genetic code of DNA can be read or rewritten. In this article, the most accurate and comprehensive dynamic model will be presented for DNA. Each of the two strands is modeled with an out of plane curved beam and then by doubling this two strands with springs, consider the hydrogen bond strength between this two strands. Beams are traditionally descriptions of mechanical engineering structural elements or building. However, any structure such as automotive automobile frames, aircraft components, machine frames, and other mechanical or structural systems contain beam structures that are designed to carry lateral loads are analyzed similarly. Also, in this model, the mass of the nucleobases in the DNA structure, the effects of the fluid surrounding the DNA (nucleoplasm) and the effects of temperature changes are also considered. Finally, by deriving governing equations from Hamilton’s principle method and solving these equations with the generalized differential quadrature method (GDQM), the frequency and mode shape of the DNA is obtained for the first time. In the end, validation of the obtained results from solving the governing equations of mathematical model compared to the obtained results from the COMSOL software is confirmed. By the help of these results, a conceptual idea for controlling cancer with using the DNA resonance frequency is presented. This idea will be presented to stop the cancerous cell’s protein synthesis and modifying DNA sequence and genetic manipulation of the cell. On the other hand, by the presented DNA model and by obtaining DNA frequency, experimental studies of the effects of waves on DNA such as phantom effect or DNA teleportation can also be studied scientifically and precisely.
Diversity and function of multicopper oxidase genes in the stinkbug Plautia stali
Authors: Nishide Yudai , Kageyama Daisuke , Hatakeyama Masatsugu , Yokoi Kakeru , Jouraku Akiya , Tanaka Hiromitsu , Koga Ryuichi , Futahashi Ryo , Fukatsu Takema
Published: February 2020

Multicopper oxidase (MCO) genes comprise multigene families in bacteria, fungi, plants and animals. Two families of MCO genes, MCO1 (laccase1) and MCO2 (laccase2), are conserved among diverse insects and relatively well-characterized, whereas additional MCO genes, whose biological functions have been poorly understood, are also found in some insects. Previous studies reported that MCO1 participates in gut immunity and MCO2 plays important roles in cuticle sclerotization and pigmentation of insects. In mosquitoes, MCO2 was reported to be involved in eggshell sclerotization and pigmentation, on the ground that knockdown of MCO2 caused deformity and fragility of the eggshell. Here we identified a total of 7 MCO genes, including PsMCO1 and PsMCO2, and investigated their expression and function in the brown-winged green stinkbug Plautia stali. RNA interference (RNAi) knockdown of MCO genes by injecting double-stranded RNA (dsRNA) into nymphs revealed that MCO2, but not the other 6 MCOs, is required for cuticle sclerotization and pigmentation, and also for survival of P. stali. Trans-generational knockdown of MCO2 by injecting dsRNA into adult females (maternal RNAi) resulted in the production of unhatched eggs despite the absence of deformity or fragility of the eggshell. These results suggested that MCO2 plays an important role in sclerotization and pigmentation of the cuticle but not in eggshell integrity in P. stali. Maternal RNAi of any of the other 6 MCO genes and 3 tyrosinase genes affected neither survival nor eggshell integrity of P. stali. Contrary to the observations in the red flour beetle and the brown rice planthopper, RNAi knockdown of MCO6 (MCORP; Multicopper oxidase related protein) exhibited no lethal effects on P. stali. Taken together, our findings provide insight into the functional diversity and commonality of MCOs across hemipteran and other insect groups.
Author Correction: Neural representations of Groups and Stereotypes using fMRI repetition suppression
Authors: Delplanque Jeroen , Heleven Elien , Overwalle Frank Van
Published: February 2020

An amendment to this paper has been published and can be accessed via a link at the top of the paper.
A framework to model exposure to per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances in indoor environments
Authors: Eichler Clara M. A. , Little John C.
Published: February 2020

We propose a framework based on exposure models for semivolatile organic compounds (SVOCs) to describe the emission and transport of, and exposure to per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) in indoor environments.
Trophic transfer and biomagnification of fullerenol nanoparticles in an aquatic food chain
Authors: Shi Qiuyue , Wang Cheng Long , Zhang Han , Chen Chunying , Zhang Xian , Chang Xue-Ling
Published: February 2020

Understanding the trophic transfer and biomagnification potential of nanomaterials in aquatic food chains is crucial for assessing the environmental risks of such materials.
Molten NaCl-induced MOF-derived carbon-polyhedron decorated carbon-nanosheet with high defects and high N-doping for boosting the removal of carbamazepine from water
Authors: Chen Dezhi , Wang Shoujun , Zhang Zhiming , Quan Hongying , Wang Yachao , Jiang Yijie , Hurlock Matthew J. , Zhang Qiang
Published: February 2020

The efficient removal of endocrine-disrupting pollutants (EDCs) from water is a crucial issue for improving the quality of drinking water.
Future foods: a manifesto for research priorities in structural design of foods
Authors: McClements David Julian
Published: February 2020

Modern food science is creating safer, healthier & more sustainable foods.
Chemical basis of hawthorn processed with honey protecting against myocardial ischaemia
Authors: Ao Nannan , Qu Yang , Deng Yangyang , Cai Qian , Suo Tianjiao , Zheng Yu
Published: February 2020

Hawthorn including many plants from the genus Crataegus (C.) is used for traditional medicines, herbal drugs, and dietary supplements all over the world.
Organic field effect transistors based on self-assembling core-modified peptidic polymers
Authors: Dhawan Sameer , Moudgil Akshay , Singh Hanuman , Gahlawat Soniya , Babu Jisha , Ingole Pravin P. , Das Samaresh , Haridas V.
Published: February 2020

Self-assembling hybrid peptide-based organic field effect transistors are reported that showed high mobilities up to 9.3 cm2 V−1 s−1 and significant air stability.
Natural flagella-templated Au nanowires as a novel adjuvant against Listeria monocytogenes
Authors: Du Renjie , Qu Yuejun , Qi Phoebe X. , Sun Xingbin , Liu Yanhong , Zhao Min
Published: February 2020

Flagella-templated Au nanowires were fabricated and demonstrated superior electrocatalytic activity in the inhibition of bacterial growth by plant secondary metabolites.
Recent progress in C(aryl)–C(alkyl) bond cleavage of alkylarenes
Authors: Dai Peng-Fei , Wang Hua , Cui Xian-Chao , Qu Jian-Ping , Kang Yan-Biao
Published: February 2020

Cleavage of the C(aryl)–C(alkyl) σ-bond is important both in academy and industry as it holds the potential to provide straightforward access to a variety of targets from readily available chemical feedstocks such like alkylarenes.
Gold nanobipyramid-embedded ultrathin metal nanoframes for in situ monitoring catalytic reactions
Authors: Zhu Xingzhong , Xu Juan , Zhang Han , Cui Ximin , Guo Yanzhen , Cheng Si , Kan Caixia , Wang Jianfang
Published: February 2020

Ultrathin gold, palladium and platinum nanoframes are synthesized for monitoring reactions. Each nanoframe contains a gold nanobipyramid at its center.
Creation of glycoprotein imprinted self-assembled monolayers with dynamic boronate recognition sites and imprinted cavities for selective glycoprotein recognition
Authors: Zhang Xianfeng , Du Xuezhong
Published: February 2020

Glycoproteins are involved in the pathogenesis and development of many diseases and are used as biomarkers for disease diagnosis.
Quantitative capillary zone electrophoresis-mass spectrometry reveals the N-glycome developmental plan during vertebrate embryogenesis
Authors: Qu Yanyan , Dubiak Kyle M. , Peuchen Elizabeth H. , Champion Matthew M. , Zhang Zhenbin , Hebert Alex S. , Wright Sarah , Coon Joshua J. , Huber Paul W. , Dovichi Norman J.
Published: February 2020

The Xenopus laevis N-glycome undergoes massive reprogramming after the midblastula transition and the onset of neuronal development.
Embedded carbon in a carbon nitride hollow sphere for enhanced charge separation and photocatalytic water splitting
Authors: Luo Lei , Ma Jiani , Zhu Haixing , Tang Junwang
Published: February 2020

Graphitic carbon was fully embedded inside the graphitic carbon nitride hollow sphere via the modified shape-selective templating method in order to enchance visible light absorption and promote charge seperation.
Photoinduced synthesis of alkylalkynyl sulfones through a reaction of potassium alkyltrifluoroborates, sulfur dioxide, and alkynyl bromides
Authors: Gong Xinxing , Yang Min , Liu Jin-Biao , He Fu-Sheng , Wu Jie
Published: February 2020

A photoinduced reaction of potassium alkyltrifluoroborates, sodium metabisulfite, and alkynyl bromides under visible light irradiation at room temperature is developed.
Palladium-catalyzed carbonylative transformation of aryl iodides and sulfonyl chlorides: convenient access to thioesters
Authors: Qi Xinxin , Bao Zhi-Peng , Wu Xiao-Feng
Published: February 2020

A palladium-catalyzed carbonylative transformation of aryl iodides and sulfonyl chlorides to thioesters has been studied.
Identification of ultra‐high‐frequency PD signals in gas‐insulated switchgear based on moment features considering electromagnetic mode
Authors: Bin Feng , Wang Feng , Sun Qiuqin , Chen She , Fan Jingmin , Ye Huisheng
Published: February 2020

The feature extraction and pattern recognition techniques are of great importance to assess the insulation condition of gas‐insulated switchgear. In this work, the ultra‐high‐frequency partial discharge (PD) signals generated from four types of typical insulation defects are analysed using S‐transform, and the greyscale image in time‐frequency representation is divided into five regions according to the cutoff frequencies of TEm1 modes. Then, the three low‐order moments of every subregion are extracted and the feature selection is performed based on the J criterion. To confirm the effectiveness of selected moment features after considering the electromagnetic modes, the support vector machine, k‐nearest neighbour and particle swarm‐optimised extreme learning machine (ELM) are utilised to classify the type of PD, and they achieve the recognition accuracies of 92, 88.5 and 95%, respectively. In addition, the results show that the ELM offers good generalisation performance at the fastest learning and testing speeds, thus more suitable for a real‐time PD detection.
Seeds of Life in Space (SOLIS)
Authors: Favre C. , Vastel C. , Jimenez-Serra I. , Quénard D. , Caselli P. , Ceccarelli C. , Chacón-Tanarro A. , Fontani F. , Holdship J. , Oya Y. , Punanova A. , Sakai N. , Spezzano S. , Yamamoto S. , Neri R. , López-Sepulcre A. , Alves F. , Bachiller R. , Balucani N. , Bianchi E. , Bizzocchi L. , Codella C. , Caux E. , De Simone M. , Enrique Romero J. , Dulieu F. , Feng S. , Jaber Al-Edhari A. , Lefloch B. , Ospina-Zamudio J. , Pineda J. , Podio L. , Rimola A. , Segura-Cox D. , Sims I. R. , Taquet V. , Testi L. , Theulé P. , Ugliengo P. , Vasyunin A. I. , Vazart F. , Viti S. , Witzel A.
Published: February 2020

Aims. The Seeds Of Life In Space IRAM/NOEMA large program aims at studying a set of crucial complex organic molecules in a sample of sources with a well-known physical structure that covers the various phases of solar-type star formation. One representative object of the transition from the prestellar core to the protostar phases has been observed toward the very low luminosity object (VeLLO) L1521F. This type of source is important to study to link prestellar cores and Class 0 sources and also to constrain the chemical evolution during the process of star formation.

Methods. Two frequency windows (81.6–82.6 GHz and 96.65–97.65 GHz) were used to observe the emission from several complex organics toward the L1521F VeLLO. These setups cover transitions of ketene (H2CCO), propyne (CH3CCH), formamide (NH2CHO), methoxy (CH3O), methanol (CH3OH), dimethyl ether (CH3OCH3), and methyl formate (HCOOCH3).

Results. Only two transitions of methanol (A+, E2) have been detected in the narrow window centered at 96.7 GHz (with an upper limit on E1) in a very compact emission blob (~7′′ corresponding to ~1000 au) toward the northeast of the L1521F protostar. The CS 2–1 transition is also detected within the WideX bandwidth. Consistently with what has been found in prestellar cores, the methanol emission appears ~1000 au away from the dust peak. The location of the methanol blob coincides with one of the filaments that have previously been reported in the literature. The excitation temperature of the gas inferred from methanol is (10 ± 2) K, while the H2 gas density (estimated from the detected CS 2–1 emission and previous CS 5–4 ALMA observations) is a factor >25 higher than the density in the surrounding environment (n(H2) ≥ 107 cm−3).

Conclusions. Based on its compactness, low excitation temperature, and high gas density, we suggest that the methanol emission detected with NOEMA is (i) either a cold and dense shock-induced blob that formed recently (≤ a few hundred years) by infalling gas or (ii) a cold and dense fragment that may just have been formed as a result of the intense gas dynamics within the L1521F VeLLO system.
Analysis of cell size effects in atomistic crack propagation
Authors: Buze Maciej , Hudson Thomas , Ortner Christoph
Published: February 2020

We consider crack propagation in a crystalline material in terms of bifurcation analysis. We provide evidence that the stress intensity factor is a natural bifurcation parameter, and that the resulting bifurcation diagram is a periodic “snaking curve”. We then prove qualitative properties of the equilibria and convergence rates of finite-cell approximations to the “exact” bifurcation diagram.
Medizinische Adaptive Kompressionssysteme sind Flachstrick-Kompressionsstrümpfen in der KPE Phase II nicht unterlegen
Authors: Reißhauer Anett , Kornappel Simone , Tsatrafilis Emmanouil , Stroux Andrea , Liebl Max Emanuel
Published: February 2020

Hintergrund Medizinische Adaptive Kompressionssysteme (MAK) sind mit Klettverschlüssen adjustierbare Kompressionsbandagen. Diese erweitern das Spektrum der therapeutischen Optionen in der komplexen physikalischen Entstauungstherapie (KPE). Die Studienlage zu MAK ist spärlich, es werden Vorteile in der der KPE Phase I beschrieben. Über die Durchführbarkeit und Sicherheit der Anwendung von MAK in der KPE Phase II existiert keine belastbare Evidenz.

Methoden Prospektive, randomisierte Nichtunterlegenheitsstudie. Probanden mit symmetrischen lymphostatischen Ödemen der Unterschenkel (n=30) wurden parallel mit neu angepasster Flachstrick-Kompression (FS) und MAK 3 Tage lang behandelt. Primäres Outcome waren die perometrisch gemessenen Volumeneffekte der MAK im Vergleich mit der Referenztherapie (FS). Zudem wurden die Anwendungssicherheit und die Handhabung (Patientenperspektive) überprüft.

Ergebnisse MAK sind, auch ohne regelmäßiges Nachjustieren, der Referenztherapie mit FS in der KPE Phase II nicht unterlegen (Vergleich der Differenzen der Volumeneffekte; p=0,163; 95%-KI [−38,2;+6,8] bei einem apriori definierten Äquivalenzbereich von±50 ml). MAK zeigten keine Nebenwirkungen. Patienten berichten im Vergleich mit FS ein signifikant leichteres An- und Ablegen der MAK bei vergleichbarem Tragekomfort.

Schlussfolgerung Die Daten belegen die Nichtunterlegenheit von MAK gegen die Referenztherapie mit FS. MAK können in der Erhaltungstherapie von lymphostatischen Erkrankungen als alternative Kompressionstherapie eingesetzt werden. Die Anwendung (Selbstanlage) kann als sicher eingestuft werden. Eine gute Einweisung von Patienten ist bedeutsam. Patienten mit Schwierigkeiten in der Handhabung von Kompressionsstrümpfen beim An- und Ausziehen können von MAK profitieren. Patienten mit sehr ausgeprägten Ödemen müssen während der MAK-Nutzung gegebenenfalls größere Schuhe tragen. Studien mit längeren Beobachtungsdauern sollten folgen.
11-Keto-β-Boswellic Acid Attenuates Glutamate Release and Kainic Acid-Induced Excitotoxicity in the Rat Hippocampus
Authors: Lu Cheng Wei , Lin Tzu Yu , Wang Su Jane
Published: February 2020

Excessive glutamate concentration induces neuronal death in acute brain injuries and chronic neurodegenerative diseases. Natural compounds from medicinal plants have attracted considerable attention for their use in the prevention and treatment of neurological disorders. 11-Keto-β-boswellic acid, a triterpenoid found in the medicinal plant Boswellia serrata, has neuroprotective potential. The present study investigated the effect of 11-keto-β-boswellic acid on glutamate release in vitro and kainic acid-induced glutamate excitotoxicity in vivo in the rat hippocampus. In rat hippocampal nerve terminals (synaptosomes), 11-keto-β-boswellic acid dose-dependently inhibited 4-aminopyridine-stimulated glutamate release. This effect was dependent on extracellular calcium, persisted in the presence of the glutamate transporter inhibitor DL-threo-β-benzyloxyaspartate, and was blocked by the vesicular transporter inhibitor bafilomycin A1. In addition, 11-keto-β-boswellic acid reduced the 4-aminopyridine-induced increase in intrasynaptosomal Ca2+ levels. The N- and P/Q-type channel blocker ω-conotoxin MVIIC and the protein kinase A inhibitor H89 significantly suppressed the 11-keto-β-boswellic acid-mediated inhibition of glutamate release, whereas the intracellular Ca2+-releasing inhibitors dantrolene, CGP37157, and xestospongin C, mitogen-activated protein kinase inhibitor PD98059, as well as protein kinase C inhibitor calphostin C had no effect. In a rat model of excitotoxicity induced by intraperitoneal kainic acid injection (15 mg/kg), intraperitoneal 11-keto-β-boswellic acid administration (10 or 50 mg/kg) 30 min before kainic acid injection considerably ameliorated kainic acid-induced glutamate concentration elevation and CA3 neuronal death. These data suggested that 11-keto-β-boswellic acid inhibits glutamate release from the rat hippocampal synaptosomes by suppressing N- and P/Q-type Ca2+ channels and protein kinase A activity, as well as exerts protective effects against kainic acid-induced excitotoxicity in vivo.
Comparison of the performance of risk scoring systems for tumor bleeding in patients with inoperable gastric cancer
Authors: Kim Young-Il , Choi Il Ju , Lee Jong Yeul , Kim Chan Gyoo , Kim Hark Kyun , Park Young Lee
Published: February 2020

Background The Glasgow – Blatchford bleeding score (GBS) and admission and full Rockall scores are widely used risk scoring systems to stratify risk and determine the need for intervention in patients with upper gastrointestinal bleeding. We evaluated the performance of these risk scoring systems in patients with gastric cancer and tumor bleeding.

Methods This retrospective study included patients with inoperable gastric cancer who presented with tumor bleeding at the National Cancer Center, Korea, between 2001 and 2015. The GBS, and admission and full Rockall scores were calculated. Primary outcome was the performance of the risk scoring systems in predicting the need for urgent interventions (endoscopic therapy, transarterial embolization, and surgery). The risk factors associated with urgent intervention were analyzed.

Results Of 357 patients with tumor bleeding, 118 (33.1 %; 116 endoscopic therapy, 2 trans-arterial embolization) required urgent intervention. The full Rockall score was better at predicting the need for urgent intervention (area under the receiver operating characteristic curve = 0.78; P < 0.001) than the GBS (0.56) and admission Rockall score (0.56). Hemostatic intervention was not performed in patients with a full Rockall score ≤ 6 (103 patients, 28.9 %). On multivariate analysis, endoscopic stigmata of recent hemorrhage of Forrest classes Ia – IIb were significant factors associated with urgent intervention.

Conclusions The full Rockall score was superior to the GBS and admission Rockall score in predicting the need for urgent intervention for tumor bleeding. Thus, endoscopic evaluation is required to determine the need for urgent intervention in patients with gastric cancer and tumor bleeding.
Iodine-Based Reagents in Oxidative Amination and Oxygenation
Authors: Kiyokawa Kensuke , Minakata Satoshi
Published: February 2020

In this Account, we provide an overview of our recent advances in oxidative transformations that enable the introduction of nitrogen and oxygen functionalities into organic molecules by taking advantage of the unique characteristics of iodine-based reagents, such as hypervalency, soft Lewis acidity, high leaving ability, and radical reactivity. We also report on the development of new types of hypervalent iodine reagents containing a transferable nitrogen functional group with the objective of preparing primary amines, which is described in the latter part of this Account.

1 Introduction

2 Decarboxylative Functionalization of β,γ-Unsaturated Carboxylic Acids

3 Decarboxylative Functionalization at Tertiary Carbon Centers

4 C–H Bond Functionalization at Tertiary Carbon Centers

5 Intramolecular C–H Amination of Sulfamate Esters and N-Alkylsulfamides

6 Oxidative Amination with Hypervalent Iodine Reagents Containing Transferable Nitrogen Functional Groups

7 Summary and Outlook
Current Advances in Sustained Release Microneedles
Authors: Du Guangsheng , Sun Xun
Published: February 2020

Microneedles have been extensively investigated for intradermal delivery of drugs and vaccines due to advantages including high skin delivery efficiency, improved patient compliance, and potential for self-administration. However, traditional microneedles cannot regulate the release kinetics of payloads, limiting therapeutic utility of the biotherapeutics. Recently, several types of microneedles with sustained release properties, including slow-dissolving microneedles made of hydrophilic polymers, degradable microneedles made of hydrophobic polymers, and bioresponsive microneedles made of bioresponsive polymers, have been developed and investigated for intradermal delivery of the biotherapeutics, aiming for improving their therapeutic potency, reducing side effects and administration frequency, and further improving patient compliance. In this review, we introduced different types of microneedles that have been designed for sustained release of the payloads, summarized various applications of these microneedles, and discussed the future prospects of this technology.
Engineering silk materials: From natural spinning to artificial processing
Authors: Guo Chengchen , Li Chunmei , Mu Xuan , Kaplan David L.
Published: February 2020

Silks spun by the arthropods are “ancient” materials historically utilized for fabricating high-quality textiles. Silks are natural protein-based biomaterials with unique physical and biological properties, including particularly outstanding mechanical properties and biocompatibility. Current goals to produce artificially engineered silks to enable additional applications in biomedical engineering, consumer products, and device fields have prompted considerable effort toward new silk processing methods using bio-inspired spinning and advanced biopolymer processing. These advances have redefined silk as a promising biomaterial past traditional textile applications and into tissue engineering, drug delivery, and biodegradable medical devices. In this review, we highlight recent progress in understanding natural silk spinning systems, as well as advanced technologies used for processing and engineering silk into a broad range of new functional materials.
Design of compact accelerator system for high flux accelerator based neutron source
Authors: Bahng Jungbae , Lee Byoung-Seob , Kim Eun-San , Park Seong Hee , Park Hyang-Kyu
Published: February 2020

Accelerator Based Neutron Sources (ABNS) have been studied for their utility in materials research as well as for boron neutron captured therapy. By making significant efforts to study the (p,n) and (d,n) nuclear reactions, the specifications of the accelerator system have been determined. In this paper, we compare the design results for two types of radio frequency quadrupole (RFQ) accelerators to provide proton and deuteron beams, respectively. Both systems consist of an electron cyclotron resonance (ECR) ion source, a low-energy beam transport system, an RFQ accelerator, a medium-energy beam transport system, a Be target, and a moderator system. In order to achieve a compact accelerator system at a reasonable cost, different requirements must be applied to the design of RFQ accelerators. The proton RFQ has been designed with an operation frequency of 352 MHz, up to 4 MeV acceleration, 10 mA beam intensity, and a continuous-wave (CW) operation mode to achieve 0.84 × 109 n/(s/cm2) of neutron production. However, the deuteron RFQ has been designed with an operation frequency of 200 MHz, up to 2.5 MeV acceleration, 15 mA of beam intensity, and a CW operation mode to achieve 1.02 × 109 n/(s/cm2) of neutron production. In this paper, we describe the merit of the deuteron based neutron source by comparing two types of the RFQ accelerators for proton and deuteron beams including the common system of the ECR ion source and Be target in detail.
The effect on the optical modes of quaternary chalcogenides upon metal and chalcogen substitution
Authors: Souna Amanda J. , Wei Kaya , Nolas George S.
Published: February 2020

Raman-scattering spectra of polycrystalline Cu2ZnSnSe4, Ag2ZnSnSe4, and Cu2CdSnTe4 were investigated in order to investigate the vibrational modes upon substitution on the metal and chalcogen sites. The non-symmetric modes shift dramatically with metal substitution in the kesterite materials, with Ag2ZnSnSe4 modes shifting by 50 cm−1 in comparison with that of Cu2ZnSnSe4. Tellurium substitution results in a lower frequency of the symmetric modes. Structural data are employed to elucidate our results. These results are intended to provide further insight into these materials as they continue to be of interest for potential thermoelectric and photovoltaic applications.
Rapid and broad-range thickness estimation method of hexagonal boron nitride using Raman spectroscopy and optical microscope
Authors: Jin Yeonghoon , Rah Yoonhyuk , Park Junghoon , Shim Jaeho , Yu Kyoungsik
Published: February 2020

Hexagonal boron nitride (hBN) has drawn great attention for its versatile applications in electronics and photonics, and precise estimation of its thickness is critical in many situations. We propose a rapid and broad range (10–500 nm) in situ thickness estimation method for transparent hBN and SiO2 layers on the Si substrate using Raman peak intensity ratios at two wavenumbers and optical microscopy image analysis. We theoretically and experimentally demonstrate our method for a wide range of hBN layer thicknesses, and the estimated results show excellent agreement with the measured results with a percentile estimation error of 2.5%.
EU nationals in the UK after BREXIT
Authors: Vathi Zana , Trandafoiu Ruxandra
Published: February 2020

The United Kingdom’s decision to leave the European Union has triggered a variety of forms of political engagement
among EU nationals living in the UK. Our research, carried out in the North West of England, an area that has received little
attention so far, demonstrates that the result of the 2016 Referendum sparked a new awareness of public discourse, has led to the
emergence of new political and discursive attitudes and strategies, as well as persuasive reflexivity and incipient activism on
the part of EU nationals. This article thus contributes to the existing literature on political engagement by analysing EU
nationals’ cognitive, discursive and pro/re-active engagements with Brexit.
Migration controls in Italy and Hungary
Authors: Korkut Umut , Terlizzi Andrea , Gyollai Daniel
Published: February 2020

This article analyses the humanitarianism and securitisation nexus in effect to migration controls in Italy and Hungary. Noteworthy for our purposes is how the humanitarian discourse is undervalued as the EU border states emphasise either full securitisation or else securitisation as a condition for humanitarianism when it comes to border management and refugee protection measures. Our goal is to trace, on the one hand, how politicians conceptualise humanitarianism for the self and for the extension of the self; and, on the other, how they subscribe to humanitarianism for the other as long as the other follows what the self demands. Reflecting on the institutional and discursive nexus of humanitarianism and securitization in effect to migration controls, we trace political narratives of Europeanisation geared to affect the public. We refer to how securitisation challenges humanitarianism while undervaluing human rights for the other and foregrounding human rights for the self.
Scrape-off layer (SOL) power width scaling and correlation between SOL and pedestal gradients across L, I and H-mode plasmas at ASDEX Upgrade
Authors: Silvagni D , Eich T , Faitsch M , Happel T , Sieglin B , David P , Nille D , Gil L , Stroth U
Published: February 2020

A cross-regime (L-mode, I-mode and H-mode) database combining scrape-off layer (SOL) power decay length λ

q
divertor measurements and upstream SOL electron pressure, temperature and density decay lengths has been assembled at ASDEX Upgrade. It is found that a cross-regime λ

q
scaling is best described by a local edge quantity, such as the edge electron pressure evaluated at ρ
pol = 0.95. Furthermore, λ

q
exhibits a clear correlation with edge electron pressure gradient lengths, no matter if taken inside or outside the separatrix. In addition, the database reveals that SOL and pedestal electron pressure gradients are remarkably well correlated across all confinement regimes. The physical interpretation of this observation is discussed with regard to an edge pressure critical gradient paradigm governing the edge physics and to a turbulence spreading in the SOL. Moreover, it is shown that the Spitzer–Härm electron conduction regime is a reasonable approximation to estimate λ

q
across different confinement regimes. The main implication of these findings is that a widening of λ

q
is linked to a reduction of edge electron pressure gradients.
Analytical approach to synchronous states of globally coupled noisy rotators
Authors: Munyaev V O , Smirnov L A , Kostin V A , Osipov G V , Pikovsky A
Published: February 2020

We study populations of globally coupled noisy rotators (oscillators with inertia) allowing a nonequilibrium transition from a desynchronized state to a synchronous one (with the nonvanishing order parameter). The newly developed analytical approaches resulted in solutions describing the synchronous state with constant order parameter for weakly inertial rotators, including the case of zero inertia, when the model is reduced to the Kuramoto model of coupled noise oscillators. These approaches provide also analytical criteria distinguishing supercritical and subcritical transitions to the desynchronized state and indicate the universality of such transitions in rotator ensembles. All the obtained analytical results are confirmed by the numerical ones, both by direct simulations of the large ensembles and by solution of the associated Fokker–Planck equation. We also propose generalizations of the developed approaches for setups where different rotators parameters (natural frequencies, masses, noise intensities, strengths and phase shifts in coupling) are dispersed.
Improvement of Bangka’s white pepper quality using gamma irradiation technology: microbial contamination reduction
Authors: Darwis Darmawan , Puspitasari Tita , Nuryanthi Nunung , Kadir Idrus , Wattiny  , Pangerteni Dewi Sekar , Susilawati Sri
Published: February 2020

The improvement of Bangka’s white pepper quality in term of microbial contamination and physicochemical parameters has been done using gamma irradiation. Pepper samples were irradiated using gamma rays with dose of 2 to 10 kGy, and 0 kGy as unirradiated (control). The Harwell dosimeter was used to determine the absorbed dose. To evaluate the storage effect on the Bangka’s white pepper quality, the optimum irradiation dose of 8 kGy was used and peppers were then kept at room temperature (27°C) for 3, 6, 9 and 12 months. The results showed that unirradiated sample was contaminated by bacteria and mold, both of them with concentration of 103 up to 104, while there was no contamination of yeast, E. coli and Salmonella. The physicochemical properties such as light berries, dark-colored berries, moisture, piperine and essential oil contents were 1.7, 0.7, 11, 5.5 and 2.8 (w/w), respectively. Gamma irradiation with dose of 2, 4, 6, 8 and 10 kGy reduced the number of bacteria to 3.5x101, 2.5x101, less than 10, less than 10 and 1.5x101 cfu/g, respectively. While for mold, irradiation from 2 up to 10 kGy reduce the number of molds to become less than 10 cfu/g. From the dose evaluation, irradiation dose of 8 kGy was selected to evaluate the effect of storage time. It was found that storage time up to 12 months, unirradiated sample still showed contamination of bacteria from 103 up to 104 cfu/g, while the irradiated pepper showed the contamination less than 10 cfu/g. The effect of storage time on physicochemical properties showed that there is no significant change for both unirradiated and irradiated pepper even after kept for 12 months. Piperine and essential oil contents of unirradiated pepper were 5.45 and 2.4%, respectively. Irradiated pepper showed slightly higher piperine content compared to un-irradiated. It can be concluded that gamma irradiation with a dose of 8 kGy is effective to improve the quality of Bangka’s white pepper while maintaining its bioactive substances (piperine and essential oil) and other physicochemical properties as well.
Commissioning Test of the Iradiator Gamma Merah Putih
Authors: Satmoko A. , Gunawan H.A. , Kardos R. , Rozali B. , Purwadi M. D.
Published: February 2020

Initialized with design phase in 2015, BATAN developed a gamma irradiator, namely the Iradiator Gamma Merah Putih (IGMP). Located in Puspiptek Serpong, the IGMP finished its construction in 2017. Commissioning test was performed for assuring that the installation is designed, constructed and installed according to the operational requirements. The commissioning test consists of cold and hot commissioning. Cold commissioning refers to testing the operation of the irradiator without radioactive sources. The test was carried out by doing a checklist on the operating table list. The test showed that in all operations, all irradiator equipment and systems are functioning well as per the requirements. It was then concluded that the irradiation facility was ready to receive radioactive sources. In July 2017, the gamma irradiator was loaded with 301 kCi of Cobalt-60 sources provided in 29 source rods distributed into three racks individually controlled by hoist mechanism. Hot commissioning was carried out by lifting up all radioactive sources, and then radiation exposures were measured. In the preliminary tests, there were some locations at the third floor, where the radiation exposures were too high. It was then be minimized by correcting the roof plugs positions and by adding lead material as additional shielding. Finally, measurements show that all radiation exposures were less than 1 μSv/h and safe for public.
Elemental analysis of SRM 1547 peach leaves, 1573a tomato leaves, and 1570a spinach leaves
Authors: Alfian  , Yusuf S , Sutisna
Published: February 2020

Neutron Activation Analysis Techniques more used in determining macro and microcontent in food ingredients. The quality of the test results is needed to produce a valid analysis. To validate the result of the analysis of macro and micro mineral content in food ingredients, quantitative analysis of the elements in the reference standard is NIST SRM 1547 certified Peach Leaves, NIST SRM 1573a Tomato Leaves, and NIST SRM 1570a Spinach Leaves have been done. The Z-score parameter was used as a validation parameter. Elemental with a long half-life was determined quantitatively using the NAA k0 method. The elements were determined quantitatively through long-lived radioisotopes using the k0 Instrumental Neutron Activation Analysis in the G.A Siwabessy reactor. A number of 50 mg-120 mg samples were weighed and irradiated at the neutron flux of 2.5x1013 n.cm−2.s−1. Irradiation was carried out for 3 hours on the rabbit system while counting with gamma spectrometry was carried out after cooling time of 23 weeks. Quantitative analysis was carried out using a soft K0-IAEA device. The results of quantitative analysis obtained elements of Ca, Fe, Zn, Rb, Sr on SRM NIST 1547 Peach Leaves; elements of Ca, Cr, Fe, Co on NIST SRM 1573a Tomato leaves and elements Ca, Sc, Zn, Rb, Sr, Co on NIST SRM 1570a Spinach Leaves with uncertainty <10% (3.26-8.68%). The Z-score value ranges from-1.25 to 0.69 and the relative bias ranges from 0.1 to 6.28%, so the results of the analysis of these elements are valid for testing elements in food.