bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Resilience and emotional intelligence: which role in achievement motivation
Authors: Magnano Paola , Craparo Giuseppe , Paolillo Anna
Published: August 2016

In the framework of Positive Organizational Behavior, the construct of Psychological Capital identifies four psychological capacities that affect motivation and performance in the workplace: self-efficacy, hope, optimism and resilience. Emotional Intelligence, then, addresses self-regulatory processes of emotions and motivation that enable people to make adjustments to achieve individual, group, and organizational goals; Emotional Intelligence is strongly correlated with individual advancement and success in an organizational setting and with individual performance. Moreover, Emotional Intelligence is considered an antecedent to resilience. The present study aims to investigate the role of resilience and emotional intelligence in achievement motivation, verifying if emotional intelligence mediates the relationship among resilience and achievement motivation. Participants are 488 Italian workers, aged between 18 and 55 years. The findings confirm the significant role played by emotional intelligence on resilience and on motivation to achievement.
Probing prejudice with startle eyeblink modification: a marker of attention, emotion, or both?
Authors: J. Vanman Eric , P. Ryan John , C. Pedersen William , A. Ito Tiffany
Published: August 2016

In social neuroscience research, startle eyeblink modification can serve as a marker of emotion, but it is less clear whether it can also serve as a marker of prejudice. In Experiment 1, 30 White students viewed photographs of White and Black targets while the startle eyeblink reflex and facial EMG from the brow and cheek regions were recorded. Prejudice was related to facial EMG activity, but not to startle modification, which instead appeared to index attention to race. To test further whether racial categorizations are associated with differential attention, a dual-task paradigm was used in Experiment 2. Fifty-four White and fifty-five Black participants responded more slowly to a tone presented when viewing a racial outgroup member or a negative stimulus, indicating that both draw more attention than ingroup members or positive stimuli. We conclude that startle modification is useful to index differential attention to groups when intergroup threat is low.
Propuestas teóricas y metodológicas para descifrar riesgos y desastres desde las Ciencias Sociales
Authors: Toscana Aparicio Alejandra , Valdez Pérez Verónica
Published: August 2016

A mediados del siglo XX las Ciencias Sociales comenzaron a interesarse por el estudio de riesgos y desastres, campo que había estado dominado por las Ciencias de la Tierra y las ingenierías. En este texto se presenta un panorama de las propuestas teóricas y metodológicas que han contribuido al entendimiento de los procesos de riesgo- desastre desde las Ciencias Sociales. El documento se divide en dos partes: en la primera parte se presentan cuatro formas de concebir estos procesos, el riesgo como consecuencia de la interacción sociedad- naturaleza, el riesgo en relación a la vulnerabilidad de la sociedad, el riesgo como característica de la modernidad y el riesgo desde su dimensión simbólica. En la segunda parte se abordan algunas metodologías utilizadas para estudiar riesgos y desastres y entender su significado, tomando como punto de partida que el riesgo es una construcción social.
De la domesticación de la investigación cualitativa al reto de reinventarse
Authors: Barba José , Barba-Martín Raúl , González-Calvo Gustavo
Published: August 2016

La investigación cualitativa se trata de un modelo basado en conseguir transformaciones que fomenten la justicia social. En ella, el investigador actúa en comunidad con los participantes que son los dueños del problema y como tales deben ser el eje de la investigación, centrando los procesos en conseguir resultados que transformen las prácticas sociales. Sin embargo, las presiones con las que los investigadores se encuentran desde las administraciones y las empresas que financian las investigaciones hace que la investigación cualitativa entre en un conflicto entre su verdadera función y conseguir finalidades objetivas y extrapolables, lo que desvirtúa la investigación cualitativa. Frente a esta problemática es importante tener presente las características de la investigación cualitativa para reconducirla hacia la finalidad transformadora con la que se creó.
Prácticas de lectura y escritura mediadas por las Tics en contextos educativos rurales
Authors: Bautista Villalobos Sabrina , Méndez de Cuellar Myriam
Published: August 2016

El presente artículo de investigación presenta los resultados obtenidos en la investigación que se realizó en el año 2013 sobre las prácticas de lectura y escritura mediadas por las TIC en el marco del Programa Computadores para Educar. Este proyecto de investigación indagó por los efectos que puede tener la implementación de herramientas tecnológicas y comunicativas en las prácticas de lectura y escritura que hacen los estudiantes de contextos rurales que no habían tenido acercamiento con estas herramientas. Se utilizó una metodología cualitativa, usando como técnica de recolección de información la observación no-participante de actividades pedagógicas mediadas por las TIC. La observación se realizóen el aula de clase con estudiantes de 21 escuelas rurales y de básica primaria en el departamento de Cundinamarca. De lo anterior, se obtuvo un acercamiento a las transformaciones que se generan en las prácticas de lectura y escritura cuando se cambia del soporte físico al soporte digital, generando conclusiones acerca de las condiciones y recomendaciones necesarias para que la implementación de este tipo de herramientas se haga de manera acertada y pertinente que permitan el mejoramiento de la calidad educativa en contextos diferenciales como puede ser la escuela rural.
Panorama de la formación académica de los psicólogos en Colombia
Authors: Ossa Julio César , Puche Navarro Rebeca
Published: August 2016

Dedicamos este editorial a la psicología, porque entendemos el papel fundamental que desempeña en el bienestar de una sociedad, sobre todo en un contexto como el nuestro, socavado por un conflicto armado largamente asentado. Si bien en la actualidad la psicología colombiana goza de buena salud, hay algunos signos inquietantes que valdría la pena tener en cuenta. Lo uno y lo otro se pueden deducir fácilmente de las cifras que arroja su evolución.
Aproximación a la educación para la paz en la enseñanza universitaria: Algunas actividades prácticas
Authors: Martínez Lirola María
Published: August 2016

Este artículo presenta una propuesta pedagógica basada en la educación para la paz en una clase de lengua inglesa en la educación universitaria, en concreto en el Grado en Estudios Ingleses. Se presentan algunas actividades cooperativas (análisis de textos escritos, escritura de un ensayo y participación en debates cooperativos) y se relacionan con algunos de los principios de la educación para la paz. Además, se señalará la pertinencia de las actividades propuestas para trabajar distintos tipos de competencias que sean de utilidad para el alumnado en el mercado laboral como el respeto a la diversidad, la cooperación y la resolución pacífica de los conflictos. Se incluyen los resultados de una encuesta con el fin de conocer la opinión del alumnado sobre la educación para la paz y las competencias y destrezas que ha desarrollado. Una de las principales conclusiones es que las actividades propuestas contribuyen a potenciar las relaciones interpersonales pacíficas entre el alumnado. Además, las actividades presentadas establecen relaciones entre lo que se enseña en el aula y la vida real
Resiliencia en familias monoparentales con jefatura femenina en contextos de pobreza
Authors: Castillo Jénnifer , Galarza Dulce M. , González Rocío A.
Published: August 2016

El presente trabajo muestra la construcción de la resiliencia y las experiencias de adversidad desde contextos de pobreza y vulnerabilidad en cinco mujeres jefas de familia que residen en la ciudad de San Luis Potosí, S.L.P. México. Bajo una metodología cualitativa se realizaron entrevistas semi-estructuradas individuales y un análisis de contenido estructurado, del cual se obtuvieron códigos y a su vez categorías que permitieron identificar las condiciones del contexto de vida que se relacionaban a la resiliencia. El estudio contribuye a la identificación de procesos por los cuales se construye la resiliencia a partir de experiencias de parentalidad, como la procuración del bienestar de sus hijas, a partir de los significados atribuidos a situaciones de adversidad, al reconocimiento de sus propios recursos psicológicos y a las condiciones que favorecen su contexto de vida. Los hallazgos ofrecen una evidencia sobre la  importancia de promover la resiliencia a partir de recuperar las narrativas y proyectos personales de las mujeres que viven condiciones de vulnerabilidad. Las implicaciones de los resultados se sitúan en el ámbito de la salud mental integral que reconoce los factores sociales involucrados en la calidad de vida.
Transnacionalismo vasco e internet: Análisis del uso de blogs y Facebook en la diáspora
Authors: Díaz Bizkarguenaga Koldo , Tsavkko García Raphael
Published: August 2016

La diáspora vasca es un tema que ha sido profundamente estudiado, sin embargo, los efectos que las tecnologías de la información y comunicación (TIC) tienen en los migrantes vascos es un objeto de estudio todavía por indagar.  Mediante dos Tesis Doctorales este artículo analiza cualitativa y etnográficamente cómo la ciudadanía vasca construye identidad nacional fuera del País Vasco por medio de Blogs y Facebook, tanto en grupos de la Diáspora como en grupos no tan consolidados. El análisis de los blogs demuestra que Internet es una herramienta para construir identidad vasca y el de Facebook que es un espacio que la ciudadanía habita.  Puede afirmarse que las diferentes construcciones identitarias de las personas migrantes y de las que residen en el País Vasco confluyen en el Hiperespacio. Lo cual, lleva a tensiones al oponer construcciones de la identidad nacional de diversas perspectivas sociales e históricas. Para denominar este territorio compartido se propondrá el concepto de país digital: una dimensión donde las realidades de los lugares geográficos y los espacios online convergen. El texto permite avanzar en el aprendizaje de la etnografía digital y en el mapeo de las fronteras geográficas y simbólicas de los países en la era de Internet.
Tras las huellas del aprendizaje significativo, lo alternativo y la innovación en el saber y la práctica pedagógica
Authors: Olaya Alejandro , Ramírez Jackeline
Published: August 2016

En este artículo se plantean las relaciones entre saber y práctica pedagógica. Éstas acontecen como experiencia escolar que es y se expresa de múltiples maneras, entre ellas las experiencias que se denominan significativas, innovadoras y/o alternativas. En dicho sentido, se interroga aquellas prácticas educativas que se nombran así, a partir de una revisión documental con dos matrices que permiten analizar, primero, la forma como se configuran las experiencias desde los siguientes criterios: el proceso enseñanza-aprendizaje, el fin educativo que persiguen, sus estrategias didácticas y cómo se evalúa en las experiencias sistematizadas seleccionadas; y, en la segunda: cómo y dónde aparecen las categorías, qué función cumplen, instancias que le sirven de soporte, temas alrededor de los cuales se organizan y su interacción con otros conceptos. Del análisis de estas matrices, en tales experiencias, se hallan sus sentidos, orígenes y formas de crear realidades y posicionamientos en la escuela y cómo en ella se configuran, reconfiguran y construyen discursos y prácticas pedagógicas.
El gesto cínico: Notas sobre la política que viene
Authors: Rojas Martínez Javier
Published: August 2016

Que la escuela cínica haya tenido un papel secundario en la historia de la filosofía, no es un indicador de un silencio que refleje una incapacidad para decir algo de interés filosófico e incluso político. Por el contrario, debemos considerar que la actitud del cínico frente a los otros y frente a sí mismo, es la manifestación de un Bíos filosófico, una forma-de-vida particular anclada en la elección de un êthos, que no puede más que remitirnos a la puesta en escena de una actitud política, en la forma de una inversión de los valores tradicionalmente admitidos. El siguiente artículo pretende demostrar que hay, en la forma-de-ser del cínico antiguo, una actitud filosófica y una reivindicación política que puede enmarcarse en la categoría de “gesto” (un medio sin un fin) propuesta por el filósofo italiano Giorgio Agamben, categoría que tiene un fuerte sentido político. Por otra parte, los análisis de Michel Foucault, sobre el êthos cínico y su elección de una vida “verdadera” como una vida radicalmente otra, que se manifiesta hasta en la materialidad de su vida biológica, nos pone sobre la pista de leer, el Bíos filosófico cínico, un gesto político que anticipa una necesidad política actual, una profanación. Los conceptos centrales, sobre los que se construye el presente artículo, serán abordados a partir de un análisis filosófico-político de corte hermenéutico.
Islam y modernidad. Reflexiones blasfemas
Authors: Millán Juan David
Published: August 2016

El horror se apodera de Occidente. París se encuentra conmocionada por los atentados cometidos al semanario satírico Charlie Hebdo. Emerge en el mundo un repudio y un pathos solidario que proclama al unísono un rotundo rechazo al terrorismo. Es en este momento cuando el filósofo esloveno Slavoj Zizek opta por un gesto excesivo: decide pensar y el resultado son estas reflexiones blasfemas
Rājaśekhara y la imaginación receptora
Authors: Figueroa Óscar
Published: August 2016

El artículo estudia la teoría sobre la imaginación desarrollada por el teórico literario sánscrito Rājaśekhara (siglo X). En este contexto, se resumen esfuerzos previos dentro de la disciplina y se subraya el radical giro que ésta experimentó hacia el siglo IX, cuando el antiguo modelo formalista fue desplazado por un mayor énfasis en la comunicación de sentimientos universales. Así, se sostiene que el novedoso discurso de Rājaśekhara sobre la imaginación descansa no sólo en una adherencia explícita a dicho giro, sino además en su extrapolación al proceso de recepción. Finalmente, se sugiere la dimensión social de esta imaginación receptora.
Who were the Cārvākas?
Authors: Bronkhorst Johannes
Published: August 2016

A great number of classical Sanskrit texts, most of them philosophical, refer to the Cārvākas or Lokāyatas (also Laukāyatikas, Lokāyatikas, Bārhaspatyas) who must have constituted a school of thought which has left us almost no literary documents. They once possessed a Sūtra text and several commentaries thereon, for fragments have been preserved in the works of those who criticise them. In modern secondary literature the Cārvākas are usually referred to as “materialists”, which is somewhat unfortunate. It is true that the Sūtra text (sometime called Bārhaspatya Sūtra) accepts as only principles (tattva) the four elements earth, water, fire and air;yet the term “materialism” and its cognates evoke in the modern world associations which are not necessarily appropriate for this ancient school of thought
Empatía y alteridad en Mariátegui: una lectura de los 7 ensayos
Authors: Cruz Rodríguez Edwin
Published: August 2016

Este trabajo estudia las concepciones de alteridad presentes en los 7 Ensayos de interpretación de la realidad peruana, de José Carlos Mariátegui y expone una representación compleja de la alteridad que distingue entre varios otros (el otro de la herencia colonial, el chino, el negro, el indio) y las diversas formas de relacionarse con ellos. Mariátegui opera una ruptura en la forma como se representa la alteridad en la América Latina de la primera mitad del siglo XX y mediante un gesto de empatía intenta ponerse en los zapatos del otro indígena, para desde allí hacer un diagnóstico de la realidad peruana y construir un proyecto que rescata lo autóctono y lo proyecta hacia el futuro.
¿Liquidar la educación o educación líquida?
Authors: Bustamante Zamudio Guillermo
Published: August 2016

Ya es costumbre de Sygmunt Bauman aplicar el adjetivo “líquido” a muchas de las cosas que toca: ‘modernidad líquida’, ‘tiempos líquidos’, ‘amor líquido’, ‘vida líquida’, ‘miedo líquido’, ‘arte líquido’. Tal vez no le parece —como a Marx— que todo lo sólido se desvanezca en el aire, sino que más bien se licúa. Pues bien, el turno le llegó a la educación: ya el autor escribió Los retos de la educación en la modernidad líquida
Yo maté a Sherezade. Confesiones de una mujer árabe furiosa
Authors: Ordóñez Edward Javier , Valdez Martínez Iván Enrique
Published: August 2016

El libro de la poeta, traductora y periodista árabe Joumana Haddad (Beirut, 1970) (de quien se dice en la solapa “internacionalmente conocida por su labor en las páginas culturales de AnNahar, el principal diario libanés, y como redactora jefe de Jasad, revista controvertida por el protagonismo dados al cuerpo femenino y masculino”), relata las experiencias de una mujer árabe –y por supuesto, escasa en número– que pretende derribar las barreras socioculturales, morales, políticas, religiosas y éticas que han obstaculizado desde siglos la libertad y libre expresión del sexo femenino en el mundo árabe y a su vez desmantelar el estereotipo occidental de la mujer árabe: hay sensualidad porque hay inteligencia.
Palabra plena. Conversaciones con psicoanalistas
Authors: Ordóñez R. Alejandra
Published: August 2016

Palabra plena es a grandes rasgos un libro de entrevistas realizadas a diferentes psicoanalistas en momentos y lugares distintos. Diversas nacionalidades y disímiles recorridos académicos y profesionales convergen en este libro que como su título lo sugiere, es un acercamiento al psicoanálisis a través de conversaciones con algunos de sus principales representantes.
Gramáticas actuales de la relación hombre-trabajo. Propuestas de lectura
Authors: Caballero Andrés
Published: August 2016

El trabajo, tan decisivo en el estilo y en la calidad de vida (o por lo menos así aparece en el imaginario colectivo) es algo para lo cual se nos prepara; es la meta de un tipo particular de educación: la profesionalizante. El trabajo se encuentra estrechamente relacionado con los cambios tecnológicos, las políticas de desarrollo y las perspectivas económicas de un país en vías de desarrollo. A partir de sus complejidades el significado del trabajo no puede comprenderse si no se estudia de manera conjunta con su complemento: el recurso o talento humano. Y es este, precisamente, el objetivo de presente libro trazado bajo la óptica de la relación hombre-trabajo y sus implicaciones subjetivas.
Resolver problemas: una estrategia para el aprendizaje de la termodinámica
Authors: García García José Joaquín , Rentería Rodríguez Edilma
Published: August 2016

En este trabajo se analiza la influencia de una  estrategia didáctica basada en la resolución de problemas que usa los procedimientos propios de la modelización experimental en el aprendizaje  de los conceptos básicos de la termodinámica. El  estudio tuvo un carácter cuasi experimental con  un grupo control, un grupo experimental y la  aplicación de un post-test. El test aplicado contaba  con dieciocho ítems distribuidos en nueve factores  referidos a la comprensión de los conceptos básicos  de la termodinámica. Dicho test presentó un alfa (α) de Crombach de 0.61 considerado aceptable.  El análisis de los datos se hizo a través de dos  procedimientos: en primer lugar, comparando los  porcentajes de respuestas correctas obtenidos por  cada uno de los dos grupos en los ítems contemplados en la prueba. En segundo lugar, realizando una prueba t de Student de comparación de las  medias obtenidas por el grupo experimental y el  grupo control, en el test sobre comprensión de  los conceptos termodinámicos. Los resultados de  ambas comparaciones, permitieron concluir que la  estrategia didáctica alternativa es mejor para lograr  el aprendizaje conceptual en los estudiantes que la  estrategia didáctica convencional.
Cognición de grupo y cognición de enjambre en la solución del problema del agente viajero
Authors: Martínez Juan Felipe
Published: August 2016

En este trabajo se explora la solución colectiva de problemas mediante la comparación del desempeño grupal humano y los algoritmos de inteligencia de enjambres. En el estudio participaron treinta estudiantes universitarios de distintos programas académicos, con edades entre dieciocho y treinta años que fueron asignados en grupos conformados por tres, cinco o siete integrantes. Se utilizó una versión espacial (campo abierto) del problema del agente viajero. El desempeño de los participantes se comparó con la ejecución de algoritmos de inteligencia colectiva de enjambres. Los resultados muestran algunas semejanzas entre la cognición de grupo y la cognición de enjambre en los mecanismos de procesamiento de información, las estrategias de organización colectiva y las pautas de elección o estrategias de consenso.

 
Nociones de niños de ocho a diez años acerca de la justicia en las sanciones escolares
Authors: Gómez Varón John Aníbal , Londoño Serna Diana Patricia , Montañez Gómez María Victoria
Published: August 2016

En este trabajo se analizan las sanciones que niños de ocho y diez años consideran más justas. Las sanciones están relacionadas con situaciones hipotéticas en las cuales un estudiante comete faltas morales y convencionales contra a la institución, un docente y un estudiante. Las sanciones y justificaciones fueron clasificadas en tres categorías: expiatoria, recíproca 1 y recíproca 2. Los niños de diez años mostraron una mayor frecuencia en respuestas del tipo recíproca 2, frente a las faltas morales, mientras que frente a las convencionales predominaron las respuestas tipo recíproca 1. Las sanciones relacionadas con faltas dirigidas a los docentes mostraron un mayor porcentaje de respuestas tipo recíproca 1 para ambas edades. Los resultados revelan la comprensión de los niños acerca de la justicia en las sanciones escolares. Se discuten las implicaciones del desarrollo moral y social en la educación moral desde una perspectiva de dominio específico.
Treatment Algorithm for Patients with Non-arthritic Hip Pain, Suspect for an Intraarticular Pathology
Authors: Jørgensen R. Wejnold , Dippmann C. , Dahl L. , Stürup J.
Published: August 2016

Background:

The amount of patients referred with longstanding, non-arthritic hip pain is increasing, as are the treatment options. Left untreated hip dysplasia, acetabular retroversion and femoroacetabular impingement (FAI) may lead to osteoarthritis (OA). Finding the right treatment option for the right patient can be challenging in patients with non-arthritic hip pain.

Purpose:

The purpose of this study was to categorize the radiographic findings seen in patients with longstanding hip pain, suspect for an intraarticular pathology, and provide a treatment algorithm allocating a specific treatment option for each clinical condition.

Material and Methods:

A review of the literature was performed using Public Medline searches of MeSH terms combined with synonyms for femoroacetabular impingement, acetabular retroversion, periacetabular osteotomy and hip arthroscopy.

Results:

Radiographic findings associated with acetabular retroversion described in the literature were the crossover sign, the posterior wall sign and the ischial spine sign, while Wiberg’s lateral center-edge angle (CE-angle) together with Leqeusne’s acetabular index indicate hip dysplasia. A Tönnis index >2 indicates osteoarthritis, however unsatisfying results are documented following joint preserving surgery with a Tönnis index >1. Furthermore, ischial spine sign in combination with the posterior wall sign indicates total acetabular retroversion prone to periacetabular osteotomy in contrast to focal retroversion prone to hip arthroscopy. These findings were used creating a treatment algorithm for intraarticular pathologies in patients with longstanding hip pain.

Conclusion:

Based on the radiographic findings, the algorithm presented in this study can be a helpful tool in the decision-making for the treatment of patients with non-arthritic hip pain, suspect for intraarticular pathologies.
The Role of Disgust in Homosexuality Judgments
Authors: Nega C. , Pateraki L. , Saranti N. , Pasia A.
Published: August 2016

Background:

There is a continuing debate on whether emotions underlie moral judgments. Recent studies have shown that emotions, and particularly disgust, play an important role in moral judgments.

Objective:

The aim of the present study was to investigate the effect of induced disgust on implicit and explicit judgments of homosexuality and to examine the relationship between those judgments and disgust sensitivity.

Method:

Sixty-four college students were presented with a neutral or disgust inducing slideshow and a scenario describing homosexual or heterosexual couples French kissing in public. Implicit and explicit disapproval of public French kissing was measured along with disgust sensitivity.

Results:

The findings revealed that participants in the induced disgust condition showed greater implicit, but not explicit, disapproval of both homosexual and heterosexual public French kissing, compared to those in the neutral conditions. Homosexual public French kissing was implicitly judged more harshly than heterosexual public French kissing. With regard to disgust sensitivity, results revealed its contribution to implicit judgements.

Conclusion:

Present findings add to the existing literature by showing that disgust plays a role in the formation of implicit judgments of sexual behavior. Theoretical considerations accounting for the role of disgust in relation to the intentionality of moral actions are discussed.
Design and Weighting Methods for a Nationally Representative Sample of HIV-infected Adults Receiving Medical Care in the United States-Medical Monitoring Project
Authors: Iachan Ronaldo , H. Johnson Christopher , L. Harding Richard , Kyle Tonja , Saavedra Pedro , L. Frazier Emma , Beer Linda , L. Mattson Christine , Skarbinski Jacek
Published: August 2016

Background:

Health surveys of the general US population are inadequate for monitoring human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection because the relatively low prevalence of the disease (<0.5%) leads to small subpopulation sample sizes.

Objective:

To collect a nationally and locally representative probability sample of HIV-infected adults receiving medical care to monitor clinical and behavioral outcomes, supplementing the data in the National HIV Surveillance System. This paper describes the sample design and weighting methods for the Medical Monitoring Project (MMP) and provides estimates of the size and characteristics of this population.

Methods:

To develop a method for obtaining valid, representative estimates of the in-care population, we implemented a cross-sectional, three-stage design that sampled 23 jurisdictions, then 691 facilities, then 9,344 HIV patients receiving medical care, using probability-proportional-to-size methods. The data weighting process followed standard methods, accounting for the probabilities of selection at each stage and adjusting for nonresponse and multiplicity. Nonresponse adjustments accounted for differing response at both facility and patient levels. Multiplicity adjustments accounted for visits to more than one HIV care facility.

Results:

MMP used a multistage stratified probability sampling design that was approximately self-weighting in each of the 23 project areas and nationally. The probability sample represents the estimated 421,186 HIV-infected adults receiving medical care during January through April 2009. Methods were efficient (i.e., induced small, unequal weighting effects and small standard errors for a range of weighted estimates).

Conclusion:

The information collected through MMP allows monitoring trends in clinical and behavioral outcomes and informs resource allocation for treatment and prevention activities.
An Investigation of the Tribological Behaviour of High-Speed Tool Steels at Elevated Temperatures*
Authors: Walter M. , Egels G. , Boes J. , Röttger A. , Theisen W.
Published: August 2016

The tribological behaviour of work roll materials is a key issue during hot rolling process of metals. The characteristics of the material (hardness and wear resistance) at elevated temperatures are of great interest for many industrial applications. The study investigates the mechanical properties and the sliding wear behaviour of HS 6-5-3-5 (HSS) high-speed tool steel, which is a common work roll material of the intermediate and finishing stands of hot rolling manufacturing lines. Experimental analysis focuses on the mechanical properties of steel HS 6-5-3-5 at elevated temperatures and on the microstructural surface changes of this material during metallic sliding wear. The results give an overview about the absolute hardness value of HS 6-5-3-5 at elevated temperatures and its evolution at constant operating temperatures. To conclude interdependencies between mechanical properties, microstructure and wear behaviour at elevated temperatures, results are discussed and connected with wear investigations. Findings reveal that high temperature wear behaviour is mainly dependent on the formation of a tribochemical wear layer on the wear bodies' surfaces. Layers suppress direct metallic contact and change the characteristics of the tribological system. Discussed issues of high temperature sliding wear are the formation and stability of tribochemical wear layers, their connection to and support by the bulk material, as well as the fracturing and damage of the layer-bulk-material compound.
Self-Driving Vehicles: Determinants of Adoption and Conditions of Usage
Authors: Zmud Johanna , Sener Ipek N. , Wagner Jason
Published: August 2016

This study gathered empirical evidence on adoption patterns of self-driving vehicles, their likely use, and how that use might influence the amount of travel, mode choice, auto ownership, and other travel behavior decisions. Because self-driving vehicles were not yet on the market, a car technology acceptance model was applied to understand adoption and use. Researchers implemented a two-stage data collection effort. An online survey was conducted with 556 residents of metropolitan Austin, Texas, to determine intent to use. Four intent-to-use categories were determined: extremely unlikely, 18%; somewhat unlikely, 32%; somewhat likely, 36%; and extremely likely, 14%. Of those who indicated intent to use, qualitative interviews were conducted to ascertain the impact on their travel behavior. Most respondents would rather own a self-driving vehicle than use one such as Car2Go or Uber taxi. In addition, respondents reported that using a self-driving vehicle would make no change in where people would choose to live in Austin (80%), no change to their annual vehicle miles of travel (66%), and no change to the number of vehicles owned (55%).
Full-Scale Controlled Comparison of Alternative Information Formats for Stated Choice Exercises
Authors: Mitrani Alex
Published: August 2016

Stated choice experiments are used regularly as part of the evaluation of major transport infrastructure investments, and their design can have an important effect on the accuracy of demand forecasts. Research in the field of behavioral economics has shown that format details can significantly influence how people respond to questions. The increasing ubiquity of the Internet and smartphones has produced rapid changes in survey data collection methods and has implications for stated choice experiment formats. The foregoing trends suggest that there may be opportunities to improve the stated choice formats in common use. However, it will be difficult to improve these formats without systematic, controlled experiments. Four existing publications reporting full-scale controlled comparisons of alternative formats for stated choice exercises were found, and this study presents another such experiment. Timelines are a graphical way of presenting travel time components, similar to a stacked bar chart. The use of timelines was tested as part of an Internet-based stated choice survey of car drivers in Lima, Peru. The questionnaire included a route choice exercise and a mode choice exercise. The respondents were assigned randomly to one of two formats: the timeline format and a text-only format. The timeline and the text-only choice models are similar for both choice exercises. There are indications that the timeline format makes complex choices easier. The time to choose was significantly lower with the timeline format in the mode choice exercise, and the timeline format produced significant constants for the new modes, unlike the text-only format.
Economic and social upgrading through professional and supporting services: Lessons from the shrimp value chain in El Salvador
Authors: Oddone Nahuel , Padilla-Pérez Ramón
Published: August 2016

Economic and social development requires major structural changes to
transform the composition of output, employment and international trade
(ECLAC, 2012). Through rising productivity in existing activities and by
moving towards more complex and technology-intensive sectors and processes,
structural change is expected to lead to higher long-term economic
growth, increased export competitiveness and well-paid jobs. In the past
two decades, the conceptual framework of value chains has been widely
disseminated as a tool to study structural change at the micro-level (Gereffi
and Korzeniewicz, 1994; Gereffi et al., 2005; Humphrey and Schmitz, 2012;
OCDE, 2013; Padilla-Pérez, 2014; Stumpo and Rivas, 2013).
Central American integration through infrastructure development: A case study of Costa Rican hydropower
Authors: Perry Denielle M. , Berry Kate A.
Published: August 2016

At the turn of the 21st century, protectionist policies in Latin America were largely abandoned for an agenda that promoted free trade and regional integration. Central America especially experienced an increase in international, interstate, and intraregional economic integration through trade liberalization. In 2004, such integration was on the agenda of every Central American administration, the U.S. Congress, and Mexico. The Plan Puebla-Panama (PPP) and the Central America Integrated Electricity System (SIEPAC), in particular, aimed to facilitate the success of free trade by increasing energy production and transmission on a unifi ed regional power grid (Mesoamerica, 2011). Meanwhile, for the United States, a free trade agreement (FTA) with Central America would bring it a step closer to realizing a hemispheric trade bloc while securing market access for its products. Isthmus states considered the potential for a Central America Free Trade Agreement (CAFTA) with the United States, their largest trading partner, as an opportunity to enter the global market on a united front. A decade and a half on, CAFTA, PPP, and SIEPAC are interwoven, complimentary initiatives that exemplify a shift towards increased free trade and development throughout the region. As such, to understand one, the other must be examined.
Violence and public health in the Altamira region: The construction of the Belo Monte hydroelectric plant
Authors: Marin Rosa Elizabeth Acevedo , Oliveira Assis da Costa
Published: August 2016

The current Brazilian government’s implantation of development policies
prioritizes the building of large infrastructure projects (e.g., roads, ports,
airports, gas pipelines) also named large-scale projects (Ribeiro, 2014) or
development megaprojects (Timo, 2013).1 This facilitates the appropriation
of natural resources (e.g., energy, minerals and the monocultures of
the productive chain of interest for agribusiness). This is considered to
be an economic growth strategy linked, on one hand, to the continuous
expansion of production and circulation of export commodities to North
American, Asian and European nations, profiting from increases in prices
and the demand in international markets (Almeida, 2012; Malerba & Milanez,
2012; Mesquita, 2011). Conversely, the intensification of political,
financial and social intervention of the Brazilian State by means of sectoral
planning, loans’ concession and financial investment by public banks or
pension funds, and the creation of wealth distribution programs directed
to the poorest social classes has also occurred (Castro, 2013; Garzon, 2014).
Evaluation of the anti-cancer potential of Mahonia aquifolium extracts via apoptosis and anti-angiogenesis
Authors: Damjanović Ana Damjanović , Zdunić Gordana , Šavikin Katarina , Mandić Boris , Jadranin Milka , Matić Ivana Z. , Stanojkovic Tatjana P.
Published: August 2016

The cytotoxicity of Mahonia aquifolium ethanol and water extracts was examined using MTT test. The morphological changes were analyzed by fluorescence microscopy. Cell cycle distribution and possible activation of caspase-dependent pathway of cell death were assessed by flow cytometry. The effects of ethanol and water extracts on migration of endothelial EA.hy926 cells were analyzed by in vitro scratch assay and inhibition of angiogenesis was detected using tube formation assay. Both extracts demonstrated cytotoxic effects on cancer cell lines with very high selectivity. Morphological evaluation indicated apoptosis. These results were confirmed with cell cycle analysis, where there was accumulation of cancer cells in the subG1 phase. Ethanol and water extracts induced a caspase-dependent apoptosis in HeLa cells through activation of caspase-3 and caspase-8. Both extracts showed the ability to inbibit the migration of EA.hy926 cells and initial steps of angiogenesis. In addition, ethanol extract exerted significant anti-angiogenic effect.

Video Clip:

Cell seeding: 2 min 26 sec

4 hours after treatment of MTT-SDS applied: 54 sec

72 hours after treatment MTT applied: 1 min 8 sec

Day 2 treatment: 1 min 32 sec

Measuring absorbance: 9 sec 
The Endgame or a Wake?: Tropes of Circularity in Literature Then and Now
Authors: Marques Diogo
Published: August 2016

This paper argues that attending to the tropes of circularity featuring in print-based literature proves to be a useful foil for an analysis of electronic literature. Based on the idea that digital literary mechanisms do not obliviate previous circularity-inducing structuring motifs in analog literature, such as labyrinths, chess, rivers, and clockwork, this argument arrives at a crucial time for literature, which is currently the object of intensified debates on beginnings and ends, especially in the context of digitality and multisensory perception becoming central to some aspects of its processes. Accordingly, circular motion is here analysed in its depiction and actuation across several kinds of literary / literal machines, in reflection also on how sensory perception both mediate and is mediated. If literature is conditional upon a series of unique, though interconnected, mechanisms, it seems reasonable not to discard a certain circularity of the senses that is brought into play there and, indeed, given both thematic and formal substance in analog and digital works. In other words, representations generated at the confluence of both biological and technological bodies cannot but instigate a circularity on which they are dependent: an idea which this article examines and critiques with reference to canonical and electronic literature, particularly Borges, Beckett, and Joyce.
Multiple Artificial Neural Networks with Interaction Noise for Estimation of Spatial Categorical Variables
Authors: Huang Xiang , Wang Zhizhong
Published: August 2016

This paper presents a multiple artificial neural networks (MANN) method with interaction noise for estimating the occurrence probabilities of different classes at any site in space. The MANN consists of several independent artificial neural networks, the number of which is determined by the neighbors around the target location. In the proposed algorithm, the conditional or pre-posterior (multi-point) probabilities are viewed as output nodes, which can be estimated by weighted combinations of input nodes: two-point transition probabilities. The occurrence probability of a certain class at a certain location can be easily computed by the product of output probabilities using Bayes’ theorem. Spatial interaction or redundancy information can be measured in the form of interaction noises. Prediction results show that the method of MANN with interaction noise has a higher classification accuracy than the traditional Markov chain random fields (MCRF) model and can successfully preserve small-scale features.
Values-Based Supply Chains as a Strategy for Supporting Small and Mid-Scale Producers in the United States
Authors: Feenstra Gail , Hardesty Shermain
Published: August 2016

Consumers are increasingly interested in the “values” associated with the food they eat and are often willing to pay more for food for which there is a “story” that links farm to fork. The “values” associated with these foods may be that they are locally produced, by small or mid-scale farms, or use production practices that enhance the environment. Wholesale channels that provide marketing options for small and mid-scale producers and support these values are referred to as “values-based supply chains” (VBSCs). Goals of VBSCs are to: (1) provide greater economic stability for producers and others along the supply chain; and (2) provide high quality, regional food to consumers. After a brief overview of VBSCs, we then describe three cases—a specialty food manufacturer, a natural food cooperative and a regional “food hub”—representing different entry points along the food supply chain. We analyze them regarding the common benefits of VBSCs: transparency, fair prices to farmers and ease of purchasing from small and mid-scale producers. We conclude with common themes that emerge for VBSCs of the future and what it will take to strengthen them within regional food systems.
Highly Efficient One-Pot Synthesis of 2,4-Disubstituted Thiazoles Using Au(I) Catalyzed Oxidation System at Room Temperature
Authors: Wu Gongde , Wang Xiaoli , Liu Hao
Published: August 2016

In the present work, gold complex catalysts with Mor-DalPhos ligands were successfully prepared using mesylates as counter ions. Seven ammonium sulfonates were synthesized to promote the production of intermediate sulfonyloxymethyl ketone. It was found that low-acidity N,N-dimethylbenzenaminium methanesulfonate showed excellent activity in the reaction. Furthermore, the catalysts effectively avoided the loss of activity due to the low acidity. Various thioamides were directly added to the resulting reaction mixture without the separation of intermediate product. Then, twenty kinds of 2,4-disubstituted thiazoles were efficiently synthesized at room temperature with the highest yield of 91%. This work provides an efficiency and mild gold-catalyzed oxidation system for the one-pot synthesis of thiazole and its derivatives.
Analytical Solutions of the Electrical RLC Circuit via Liouville–Caputo Operators with Local and Non-Local Kernels
Authors: Gómez-Aguilar José , Morales-Delgado Victor , Taneco-Hernández Marco , Baleanu Dumitru , Escobar-Jiménez Ricardo , Al Qurashi Maysaa
Published: August 2016

In this work we obtain analytical solutions for the electrical RLC circuit model defined with Liouville–Caputo, Caputo–Fabrizio and the new fractional derivative based in the Mittag-Leffler function. Numerical simulations of alternative models are presented for evaluating the effectiveness of these representations. Different source terms are considered in the fractional differential equations. The classical behaviors are recovered when the fractional order α is equal to 1.
Thermoeconomic Modeling and Parametric Study of a Photovoltaic-Assisted 1 MWe Combined Cooling, Heating, and Power System
Authors: Arsalis Alexandros , Alexandrou Andreas , Georghiou George
Published: August 2016

In this study a small-scale, completely autonomous combined cooling, heating, and power (CCHP) system is coupled to a photovoltaic (PV) subsystem, to investigate the possibility of reducing fuel consumption. The CCHP system generates electrical energy with the use of a simple gas turbine cycle, with a rated nominal power output of 1 MWe. The nominal power output of the PV subsystem is examined in a parametric study, ranging from 0 to 600 kWe, to investigate which configuration results in a minimum lifecycle cost (LCC) for a system lifetime of 20 years of service. The load profile considered is applied for a complex of households in Nicosia, Cyprus. The solar data for the PV subsystem are taken on an hourly basis for a whole year. The results suggest that apart from economic benefits, the proposed system also results in high efficiency and reduced CO2 emissions. The parametric study shows that the optimum PV capacity is 300 kWe. The minimum lifecycle cost for the PV-assisted CCHP system is found to be 3.509 million €, as compared to 3.577 million € for a system without a PV subsystem. The total cost for the PV subsystem is 547,445 €, while the total cost for operating the system (fuel) is 731,814 € (compared to 952,201 € for a CCHP system without PVs). Overall, the proposed system generates a total electrical energy output of 52,433 MWh (during its whole lifetime), which translates to a unit cost of electricity of 0.067 €/kWh.
Well-Being and Diabetes Management in Early Pregnant Women with Type 1 Diabetes Mellitus
Authors: Linden Karolina , Sparud-Lundin Carina , Adolfsson Annsofie , Berg Marie
Published: August 2016

This paper explores well-being and diabetes management in women with type 1 diabetes mellitus (DM) in early pregnancy and investigates associations among perceived well-being, diabetes management, and maternal characteristics. Questionnaires were answered by 168 Swedish women. Correlation analyses were conducted with Spearman’s correlation coefficient (rs). The women reported relatively high scores of self-efficacy in diabetes management (SWE-DES-10: 3.91 (0.51)) and self-perceived health (excellent (6.5%), very good (42.3%), good (38.7%), fair (11.3%) and poor (1.2%)). Moderate scores were reported for general well-being (WBQ-12: 22.6 (5.7)) and sense of coherence (SOC-13: 68.9 (9.7), moderate/low scores for hypoglycemia fear (SWE-HFS 26.6 (11.8)) and low scores of diabetes-distress (SWE-PAID-20 27.1 (15.9)). A higher capability of self-efficacy in diabetes management showed positive correlations with self-perceived health (rs = −0.41, p < 0.0001) and well-being (rs = 0.34, p < 0.0001) as well as negative correlations with diabetes distress (rs = −0.51, p < 0.0001) and hypoglycemia worries (rs = −0.27, p = 0.0009). Women with HbA1c levels of ≤48 mmL/mol scored higher in the subscales “goal achievement” in SWE-DES (p = 0.0028) and “comprehensibility” in SOC (p = 0.016). Well-being and diabetes management could be supported by strengthening the women’s capability to achieve glycemic goals and their comprehensibility in relation to the treatment. Further studies are needed to test this.