bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
L'application de la règle de l'unité de l'art
Authors: Gasnier Jean-Pierre
Published: January 2015

Sous l’empire de la législation française, la règle de l’unité de l’art a longtemps été interprétée comme autorisant le cumul total de protection du créateur au titre du droit d’auteur et du droit des dessins et modèles. La directive du 13 octobre 1998 relative à la protection juridique des dessins ou modèles est venue troubler cet édifice en instaurant un cumul partiel, chaque droit en concours sur un même objet devant répondre à ses critères propres : originalité pour le droit d’auteur, nouveauté et caractère individuel pour le droit spécifique, sans confusion. Cette règle ne concerne plus réellement les produits de l’art « appliqué », mais des produits très industrialisés qui combinent esthétique, ergonomie et technique. La confrontation des droits nationaux au droit communautaire, et particulièrement le droit d’auteur, soulève des questions pratiques car la disparité des critères de validité de chacun des droits au sein des États de l’Union n’est pas sans effets. Par-delà, l’accès à la protection s’en trouve modifié ainsi que l’exercice des droits, ce qui invite à la réflexion sur le devenir de cette règle. ?
L'ordre public, la dignité humaine et les bonnes mœurs dans le droit de la propriété intellectuelle
Authors: Pollaud-Dulian Frédéric
Published: January 2015

La référence à l’ordre public et aux bonnes mœurs, désuète en apparence, est pourtant toujours présente dans le CPI et s’évertue paradoxalement à régir les domaines les plus techniques. En effet, cette référence est présente en droit des brevets, des marques et des dessins et modèles même si elle y est formulée différemment. C’est dans ce cadre qu’il convient d’étudier la signification et l’utilité qui sont réservées à cette exigence enrichie d’un troisième pilier, le respect de la dignité de la personne humaine. En revanche, le droit d’auteur ne fait aucune référence à une exigence quelconque de conformité à l’ordre public ou aux bonnes mœurs, que ce soit comme condition d’accès à la protection ou pour en mesurer l’étendue. Déterminer la raison de cette exclusion permet de présenter la méthode d’appréciation de la contrariété à ces principes, ce qui suppose de concilier les intérêts en présence. La contrariété à ces principes s’évalue nécessairement par rapport à un objet particulier et par rapport au public visé. Dès lors, cette contrariété est indifférente au droit d’auteur puisqu’il s’agit de préserver la liberté d’expression. En revanche, elle se comprend pour les autres droits de propriété intellectuelle car il s’agit de préserver un équilibre de manière à écarter l’inacceptable. ?
Cession et licence en droit d'auteur
Authors: Boisson Alexis
Published: January 2015

Les débats relatifs à la nature des contrats de la propriété intellectuelle ne sont pas clos. Autant la distinction entre cession et licence semble globalement établie en matière de propriété industrielle, autant la question reste discutée en droit d’auteur en raison de la prééminence du contrat de cession nommé à plusieurs reprises par le CPI. Le droit d’auteur laisse apparaître des formules contractuelles des plus variées qu’une grande partie de la doctrine, respectant la lettre de la loi, ramène à la cession en raison du monopole de l’auteur. Sans plus de distinctions, les juges recourent au terme de cession, celui de licence étant repris lors de l’application du droit européen de la concurrence. Dès lors, la cession qui n’est plus tout à fait une vente recouvrerait ce qui est cessible si l’on s’en tient à la seule intention du législateur. Néanmoins, la lecture combinée du CPI et du Code civil donne un sens à ces notions qui expriment la vente ou la location. Il est alors possible, en respectant la logique du droit d’auteur, de distinguer au regard de quelques éléments la cession de la licence. La présence ou l’absence d’un « effet de retour » est le principal élément de distinction, quand d’autres éléments n’ont une influence que sur la seule qualification de la cession. ?
L'évaluation de l'indemnisation de la victime d'une contrefaçon, entre incohérences et approximations
Authors: de Haas Charles
Published: January 2015

La question de l’évaluation de la sanction pécuniaire du responsable d’une contrefaçon au plan civil répond à trois logiques cumulatives : une logique de réparation qui domine, une logique de restitution des profits illicites qui arrive (enfin !) et une logique punitive, par principe exclue et pourtant bien souvent présente. Mais la question se complique lorsqu’il s’agit d’évaluer les pertes subies et les gains manqués directement causés par la contrefaçon, car « il y a contrefaçon et contrefaçon »... Au vu des règles posées, résultant notamment de la loi du 11 mars 2014 et des méthodes d’évaluation, le juge est mal à l’aise, conscient des approximations résultant de l’exercice. En effet, le cadre posé sort enfin du carcan de la réparation intégrale pour appliquer un principe de restitution des profits illicites, malheureusement sans permettre en pratique de calculer le montant de cette restitution. En pratique, des indemnités punitives sont accordées grâce à un dommage moral exorbitant. De façon à y remédier, l’auteur de cet article propose de se replacer dans une logique de réparation en considérant l’atteinte au monopole. Il propose également une modulation des sanctions à l’aune de la gravité des faits et ce, pour alléger la sanction quand la faute est plus légère ou excusable. Enfin, des règles de calcul simples sont nécessaires en pratique. ?
L'observateur averti en droit des dessins et modèles
Authors: Greffe Pierre
Published: January 2015

L’«  observateur averti  » en droit des dessins et modèles est une personne dotée d’une vigilance particulière, à mi-chemin entre le consommateur moyen et l’homme de l’art. Il appartient au demandeur à l’action en contrefaçon de déterminer, au regard du dossier, cette personne de référence qui dispose d’un certain degré de connaissance quant aux éléments composant ces dessins et modèles. C’est son impression d’ensemble, même synthétique, qui emportera la conviction du juge lors de l’appréciation de la condition de caractère propre. À l’analyse de la jurisprudence, la législation assure une protection efficace des dessins et modèles par le recours à ce critère, en l’excluant seulement pour les dessins et modèles très proches. L’absence de toute création n’est pas un motif d’exclusion de la protection alors qu’il est fait à plusieurs reprises référence au créateur dans le CPI. En grande majorité, ce qui est protégé par le droit d’auteur l’est presque toujours par la loi sur les dessins et modèles et réciproquement. Il semblerait donc que la jurisprudence s’achemine vers un cumul partiel des protections par le droit d’auteur et le droit des dessins et modèles, l’observateur averti n’appréciant pas l’existence de la création. ?
Une martialisation des émotions ?
Authors: Bègue Laurent
Published: January 2015

Élites et consommateurs s’accordent sur les possibles inédits qu’instaure la pratique contemporaine du jeu vidéo, tout en questionnant la rémanence de leurs effets, notamment agressogènes, auprès des usagers. Contrastant avec la thèse cathartique, qui implique que l’expérience du jeu vidéo remplirait une fonction purgatrice d’évacuation des affects agressifs, des faisceaux de travaux empiriques accréditent une thèse mimétique, selon laquelle la « martialisation » des émotions induites par la violence guerrière virtuelle, à l’instar des univers persistants du jeu vidéo, déploierait son empire bien au-delà de l’expérience circonscrite du joueur devant un écran de visualisation.
Scénarios de la reconnaissance
Authors: Gefen Alexandre
Published: January 2015

Concept politique à large spectre central à la philosophie contemporaine, la reconnaissance est une émotion morale dont l’histoire culturelle reste à tracer. Peut-être plus encore que d’autres affects, elle se place à l’articulation de questions psychologiques, anthropologiques et esthétiques, comme l’a montré l’histoire faite de Stephen Cave du concept de recognition. Ses mutations historico-esthétiques disent nos modes de redécouverte de l’autre, de la question de la cicatrice d’Homère à celle des retours des survivants de la Shoah, de l’anagnorisis grecque jusqu’au romans de la reconnaissance impossible ( Le Colonel Chabert de Balzac) en passant par les problèmes posés aux dramaturges classiques par son usage. C’est sur ce chassé-croisé entre représentation et configuration performative par l’art de la reconnaissance que je voudrais me pencher.
La fiction comme modelage émotionnel de l'identité féminine
Authors: Heinich Nathalie
Published: January 2015

La sociologie de la littérature tend à aborder les œuvres comme « reflets » ou « miroirs » d’une société donnée. Une approche davantage inspirée de la pragmatique permet d’inverser la perspective, en questionnant la façon dont la littérature – et plus précisément la fiction – agit sur les lecteurs en cadrant, ouvrant, construisant l’imaginaire. Parallèlement à ce « tournant pragmatique », la notion d’« artialisation » permet d’opérer un semblable renversement de perspective, surtout si l’on accepte de l’élargir en y incluant non seulement la perception mais aussi les représentations et les émotions.
Au leurre de la biodiversité ?
Authors: Blandin Patrick
Published: January 2015

Né il y a à peine trente ans, le mot « biodiversité » a eu un succès remarquable dans le monde de la conservation de la nature, en même temps que dans les sphères scientifiques et politiques. Les définitions en sont multiples, au point que le terme a été traité de coquille vide ou de terme valise. Au comble de la confusion, la biodiversité est parfois assimilée au monde vivant tout entier, alors qu’elle est supposée en évoquer une propriété fondamentale. Cependant, ce sont souvent d’anciennes questions qui ont été reprises, sans qu’il en résulte d’avancées majeures. La question : « pourquoi le monde vivant est-il diversifié ? » reste entière, si bien que la science peine toujours à éclairer la problématique de la conservation de la nature, réécrite en « conservation de la biodiversité ». Une mise en perspective historique montre que l’invention de la biodiversité a certes permis un renouveau de cette problématique, et son appropriation par le monde politique.
Le tourisme durable : jouissance et protection de la nature
Authors: Ruiz Gérard
Published: January 2015

L’augmentation des flux touristiques mettrait-elle en danger la sauvegarde de la nature ? Beaucoup s’en inquiètent et déplorent de grands dégâts sur l’environnement naturel, en particulier sur les espèces fragiles, et même dans les espaces protégés. L’amour de la nature, moteur du tourisme paysager ou animalier, peut l’exposer à de trop fortes pressions, et la tuer. Mais le tourisme, quand il se conforme à des règles tirées des grands principes du développement durable, est aussi un levier pour sensibiliser les populations à leurs propres richesses naturelles, et une opportunité pour financer leur protection. Et aussi une déclinaison, de plus en plus codifiée par des accords internationaux, du développement de contrées lointaines le plus souvent très pauvres. Gérard Ruiz décrit dans cet article « l’ambivalence » du tourisme, s’il n’est pas encadré de façon durable.
Onboarding New Adjunct Clinical Nursing Faculty Using a Quality and Safety Education for Nurses–Based Orientation Model
Authors: Schaar Gina L. , Titzer Jennifer L. , Beckham Roxanne
Published: January 2015

In light of the nursing faculty shortage, many clinical nurses are transitioning to adjunct clinical faculty roles. This transition requires formal orientation programs that are based on an established framework that links academic and practice competencies. The authors propose that linking academic and practice competencies will enhance students’ education and promote patient safety. The model described in this article uses the Quality and Safety Education for Nurses (QSEN) competencies to design and deliver an onboarding orientation model for new adjunct clinical faculty. For each QSEN competency, orientation topics, learning objectives for new faculty, and orientation activities are offered. This model serves as a template on which new adjunct clinical faculty can be onboarded, thus lessening role-transition stressors. Adequately prepared adjunct clinical faculty offer students a clinical expert who has received an orientation built on the QSEN competencies. [
J Nurs Educ.
2015;54(2):111–115.]
Objective Structured Video Examination in Psychiatric and Mental Health Nursing: A Learning and Assessment Method
Authors: Selim Abeer A. , Dawood Eman
Published: January 2015

In the current study, the Objective Structured Video Examination (OSVE) was conducted to assess undergraduate nursing students’ knowledge, observation, and clinical reasoning related to clinical psychiatric nursing competencies. The OSVE showed acceptable reliability and validity (Cronbach’s α = 0.714,
r
= 0.6, respectively). Students highly appraised the OSVE because it covered a wide area of knowledge and clinical skills; the examination instructions were clear, concrete, and easily understood; the sounds and pictures of the videos were clear; and the videos simulated real patients. The examination was fair, well-administered, well-structured, and well-sequenced. The OSVE reflected learned skills, it provided opportunities for learning, grades were clearly identified, and it eliminated personal bias. Overall, the OSVE provided a practical and useful experience. On the other hand, some students negatively perceived the OSVE as being stressful and requiring more time. [
J Nurs Educ.
2015;54(2):87–95.]
Unfolding Case Studies as a Formative Teaching Methodology for Novice Nursing Students
Authors: Kaylor Sara K. , Strickland Haley P.
Published: January 2015

Nurse educators are challenged to incorporate evidence-based practice initiatives into content-laden curricula in a manner that supports learner-centered teaching environments. This article describes a technique for using unfolding case studies to include such initiatives in the teaching of novice nursing students, as opposed to summative evaluation of their knowledge. Modeled after Kolb’s experiential learning theory, a framework for unfolding case studies is presented, which proposes that instead of faculty selecting scenarios for students, they should instead challenge students to directly and creatively develop their own. Small student groups used creative collaboration to create well-planned, complex case study scenarios that unfolded in surprising, realistic ways. This instructional method was met with positive student feedback; however, the authors suggest several recommendations for educators considering this approach. The authors found this framework to be a successful and effective strategy for undergraduate novice nursing students. [
J Nurs Educ
. 2015;54(2):106–110.]
Cusculium (Plin. XVI 32), coscus (Chiron 237) y coccolubis (Colum. III 2.19), sustrato mediterráneo y formas latinas
Authors: García-Hernández Benjamín
Published: January 2015

Cusculium, hápax usado por Plinio en acusativo, es un vocablo de base prerromana (cuscu-) muy extendido en los países del Mediterráneo occidental; el mismo radical aparece en coscus, con referencia a ciertos gusanos. Por su terminación latina podría designar tanto el árbol (cusculius «coscoja») como su fruto (cusculium «coscojo»). Coccolubis es un adjetivo compuesto, cuyo primer elemento es el diminutivo de coccum («agalla de la cochinilla») que lleva el mismo radical mediterráneo del vocablo anterior. De acuerdo con su función de epíteto de un tipo de vid, se puede ver en su segundo elemento la base del sustantivo uua, por lo que la forma originaria sería coccoluuis («de uva tinta»). Sin embargo, el testimonio navarro cuzculubita («agalla del roble») sugiere la existencia de un compuesto prerromano.
Estacio, Tebaida I 214-218: una oculta alusión al cíclope Pyracmon
Authors: Bellido Díaz José Antonio
Published: January 2015

Ponemos de relieve la técnica poética del juego de palabras etimológico con los nombres propios en Estacio y defendemos que en Theb. I 218 el poeta alude al cíclope Pyracmon mediante la expresión incudibus ignes.
Más sobre la fábula griega y sus orígenes
Authors: Rodríguez Adrados Francisco
Published: January 2015

Algunos años han pasado desde la publicación del libro de Rodríguez Adrados, History of the Graeco-Roman Fable, 1999-2003. El autor repasa las obras más notables sobre el tema, tales como libros importantes de Jedrkiewicz, van Dijk y el propio Rodríguez Adrados. También se ocupa de proverbios sumerios y fábulas acadias y egipcias que pueden haber influido en la fábula griega. Insiste, sobre todo en fábulas relacionadas con los mitos sobre los orígenes del hombre y los animales, en ciertos dioses relacionados con ellos y que reaparecen en la fábula griega, y en la vieja filosofía de que la naturaleza no cambia. En la fábula estos temas reaparecen al lado de la vieja sabiduría de que el hombre y los animales deben seguir la propia naturaleza.
Aplicación de SIG para la caracterización hidrogeológica de sistemas dunares (Erg Chebbi, Marruecos)
Authors: García-Rodríguez Manuel , Antón Loreto
Published: January 2015

Los estudios hidrogeológicos en áreas desérticas de difícil acceso resultan logísticamente complicados. Sin embargo, en algunas de estas zonas el aprovechamineto de los recursos hídricos subterráneos resulta esencial para la supervivencia de las comunidades que las habitan. El complejo dunar de Erg Chebbi, constituye un acuífero libre que ocupa una superficie de unos 100 km2. Durante decenas de años el agua subterránea almacenada en su interior ha abastecido las poblaciones asentadas en sus proximidades. Con una precipitación media anual inferior a 150 mm, representa un sistema extremadamente delicado, que requiere una explotación muy bien diseñada que permita un desarrollo sostenible. En este trabajo, el análisis mediante SIG (ArcGis 9.3 y Global Mapper v.12) del modelo digital del elevaciones, imágenes de satélite y de la cartografía geológica ha permitido describir en detalle la geometría del complejo dunar y ofrecer una primera aproximación a un modelo hidrogeológico que ha sido validado con datos de campo. La metodología empleada en este trabajo es de aplicación para el estudio de otros ergs del mundo.

[fr] Des études hydrogéologiques dans les zones difficiles d’accès sont compliquées. Cependant, dans certains de ces domaines, l’utilisation des eaux souterraines sont essentiel pour la survie des communautés qui les habitent. Les dunes de l’Erg Chebbi, forment un aquifère libre qui occupe une superficie l’ordre de 100 km2. Durant des décennies les eaux souterraines stockées à l’intérieur a ensemencé les populations vivant à proximité. Avec une pluviométrie moyenne annuelle de moins de 150 mm, le système dunaire est très fragile et a besoin d’une utilisation bien conçus, pour un développement durable. Dans cet article, l’analyse utilisant le SIG (ArcGIS 9.3 et Global Mapper v.12) modèle d’élévation numérique, l’imagerie satellite et cartographie géologique, a permis décrire en détail la géométrie des dunes et offrir une première approximation d’une modèle hydrogéologique qui a été validé avec des données de terrain. La méthodologie utilisée dans cette étude est applicable à l’étude d’autres ergs du monde.
Las rutas del vino del Empordà y del Priorat y su dinámica relacional. Dos destinos con diferente grado de desarrollo del turismo enológico y una dinámica relacional similar
Authors: Prat Forga Josep Mª , Cànoves Valiente Gemma
Published: January 2015

En los destinos turísticos, las nuevas necesidades y motivaciones de los turistas, cada vez más experimentados, que demandan una cierta personalización de los productos turísticos, el desarrollo de nuevos productos es una de las estrategias más generalizadas. Uno de ellos, el turismo enológico ha desarrollado las rutas del vino para satisfacer estas demandas. Por ello, con el objetivo de comprobar si la dinámica creada por las relaciones generadas en las redes sociales de los agentes involucrados con este turismo (productores, asociaciones, oficinas de turismo e instituciones públicas) tiene una relación directa con el grado de desarrollo del mismo, en el presente trabajo se ha realizado el análisis de estas redes sociales y de sus contenidos en el Empordà y el Priorat, comparándose sus resultados y confirmándose que existe una relación directa entre ambos factores –desarrollo y dinámica relacional– independientemente del nivel de desarrollo del turismo en el destino.

[fr] Dans les destinations touristiques, les nouvelles nécessités et les motivations des touristes, de plus en plus expérimentés, qu’ils demandent certaine personnalisation des produits touristiques, le développement de nouveaux produits est l’une des stratégies les plus généralisées. Ainsi, les routes du vin se présentent comme une activité du tourisme enologique qui satisfait ces demandes. Par cela, avec l’objectif de vérifier si la dynamique créée autour des relations générées dans les réseaux sociaux des agents impliqués avec le développement de ce type de tourisme (producteurs, associations, bureaux de tourisme et institutions publiques) a une relation directe avec le degré de développement de même, au travail présent on a réalisé l’analyse de ces réseaux sociaux et de ses contenus dans l’Empordà et le Priorat, ses résultats étant comparés et en se confirmant que il y a une relation directe entre les deux facteurs –développement et dynamique relational– avec indépendance du niveaux du développement du tourisme dans la destination.
La resignificación campesinista de la ruralidad: La Universidad Rural Paulo Freire
Authors: Gallar Hernández David
Published: January 2015

El medio rural se constituye hoy en día en un espacio de disputa entre diferentes agentes en pugna por sus recursos materiales e ideáticos y por la definición del contenido de la nueva ruralidad, una vez socavadas las bases y criterios tradicionales de la antigua. A su vez, en el contexto de la globalización, aparecen movimientos culturalistas que de manera consciente pugnan por crear identidades y modelos de vida que tengan una cultura como referente. La iniciativa de recuperación de la cultura campesina por parte del Universidad Rural Paulo Freire (URPF) sería uno de estos movimientos, con la Agroecología como referente teórico y con el medio rural español y su población como su problemática base territorial y sociológica para la creación de una nueva ruralidad campesinista. El objetivo del texto es analizar los procesos y herramientas que pone en juego este grupo social para reconstruir y resignificar la identidad campesina y sus prácticas como parte del intento de construcción de un sujeto político.
Sexo y anonimato. Notas sobre los participantes en encuentros sexuales entre hombres en espacios públicos
Authors: Langarita Adiego Jose Antonio
Published: January 2015

En este artículo se analizan las relaciones entre clase social, raza, edad, identidad sexual y deseo entre los hombres que practican cruising, es decir, que mantienen relaciones sexuales anónimas con otros hombres en espacios públicos. Para la obtención de los datos que se presentan en esta investigación se ha llevado a cabo un trabajo de campo basado en el método cualitativo y en el que la observación participante y la entrevista han sido las dos técnicas básicas de acceso a la información. Este trabajo demuestra que la llamada comunidad gay es una construcción social que reproduce, en buena medida, los sistemas de estratificación de nuestra sociedad. Pero además, permite analizar cómo se estructura la relación entre los participantes en función del territorio en el que se desarrolla la actividad, de la clase social a la que pertenecen y de su origen. Así mismo, se abordan los conflictos derivados de una identidad heterosexual y una práctica homosexual en las zonas de cruising.
La fotografía como documento sociocultural a finales del siglo XIX: Nadar y el retrato post mórtem
Authors: Vázquez Casillas José Fernando
Published: January 2015

No cabe duda de que la fotografía se posicionó en el siglo XIX como el elemento trascendental que democratizó definitivamente el retrato. La ciudadanía halló en este procedimiento el medio más eficaz para su representación social. En este sentido, planteamos en este artículo el importante papel que va a desempeñar la fotografía como documento sociocultural a finales del siglo XIX a través del estudio ideológico del retrato post mórtem como una modalidad usual en el ámbito familiar de aquel tiempo. Para la comprensión de esta iconografía tomamos como referente las reflexiones del fotógrafo y teórico Gaspard-Félix Tournachon «Nadar», con el fin de profundizar tanto en la función social del retrato de difuntos como en su posicionamiento dentro de la práctica fotográfica.
SYLLABLE-BASED SPEECH RECOGNITION USING ELECTROMYOGRAPHY AND DECISION SET CLASSIFIER
Authors: Topalović Marko , Damnjanović Đorđe , Peulić Aleksandar , Blagojević Milan , Filipović Nenad
Published: January 2015

During the speech, contractions of muscles in the speech apparatus produce myoelectric signals that can be picked up by electrodes, filtered and analyzed. The problem of extraction of speech information from these signals is significant for patients with damaged speech apparatus, such as laryngectomy patients, who could use speech recognition based on myoelectric signal classification to communicate by means of the synthetic speech. In the most previously conducted research, classification is performed on a ten word vocabulary which resulted in a good classification rate. In this paper, a possibility for myoelectric syllable based speech classification is analyzed on a significantly larger vocabulary with novel decision set based classifier which is simple, easy to adapt, convenient for research and similar to the way humans think. In order to have a high quality of recorded myoelectric signals, analysis of the optimal position of electrodes is performed. Classification is performed by comparison between syllable combination and whole words. Based on classification rate, words can belong to easy, medium or hard to distinguish group. Results based on generated list of best matching combinations show that decision set analysis of myoelectric signals for speech recognition is a promising novel method.
Customer Satisfaction via Service Quality Dimensions
Authors: Kushwaha Gyaneshwar Singh , Agrawal Shiv Ratan
Published: January 2015

The purpose of the study is to measure the customer satisfaction via service quality dimensions as a whole and individually in the context of stock broking services. A non probability convenient sampling approach has been used in the study. Respondents have been restricted to those who have the experience of trading in stock market through stock brokers. The sample consisted of 229 valid individual customers from Bhopal (MP), India through structured self-administrated questionnaire. Convergent validity, discriminant validity and reliability of the collected data were measured before testing of the research model. An exploratory factor analysis has been conducted using principal components analysis to determine the dimensions of financial service quality. A linear regression was performed to test the relationship between the service quality dimensions and customer satisfaction. The findings suggest that service quality as a whole and individually have a significant impact on customer satisfaction. The results of the study provide useful information for managers to improve service quality which leads to customer satisfaction. The findings were solely on stock broking services from Bhopal (MP) in India which impacts its generalisability. Replication of the present study might be required in other stock broking markets, to improve generalisability using larger samples. Another potential area for future research could be the link between service quality dimensions, customer satisfaction and customer loyalty and customer retention at stock broking services. The study is important considering the economic advantages of satisfying and retaining current customers as opposed to seeking for new customers which is essential in stock broking services. The paper contributes to the literature on stock broking services in India.
Modeling the Transition from Adverse to Healthy Sleep Behaviors among School Age Children
Authors: Diaz Rafael , Szklo-Coxe Mariana , Behr Joshua G. , Toba Ange-Lionel
Published: January 2015

This research models and simulates, by way of a System Dynamics, approach sleep behavior in the presence of intervention strategies. The authors draw upon the established compartmental Susceptible, Infection, and Recovery (SIR) model used in epidemiology to characterize the potential for children and adolescents to both develop adverse sleep behaviors and to recover healthy sleep behaviors as they progress through educational levels. The development of healthy sleep during childhood and adolescence is important to the sustainment of healthy behaviors into early adulthood. Interventions designed to alter unhealthy sleep-related behaviors adopted at an early age may have a salubrious impact upon later chronic disease development. Our initial analyses adequately reproduce the drift experienced by children and adolescents who develop adverse sleep behaviors as they mature and transition through school levels. The ability to evaluate the effectiveness of interventions is important to public health officials. Investments in intervention programs shown to have positive health outcomes are attractive to policy makers. Although such programs may not be cost effective in the near-term, the programs may be cost saving in the long-term. The System Dynamics approach simulates behavior over time and allows policymakers insight into both the short- and longer-term cost and benefits.
Evaluating the Usability of E-Voting Technologies
Authors: Hsu Jeffrey , Chen Qiyang , Bronson Gary
Published: January 2015

Voting has been an accepted means for electing candidates, receiving public approval for referendums and budgets, and for many other tasks where the will of the people, whether a broad population or a select group, can be recorded and measured in a tangible way. Because of advances in technology, together with problems inherent in manual forms of voting, the concepts and issues relating to electronic voting (e-voting) and various other technology-based forms, are been proposed, discussed, and examined. The goal of all such systems is the casting and recording of the votes from eligible voters as they intended to be cast, with adequate security. This security requires that there be no identifiable connection between the voter and the vote that is cast, while providing an audit trail that can be used to validate that every vote was counted and tallied, as cast. The focus of this paper is to examine electronic voting technologies from the perspective of usability in controlled environments. Current research has shown that such systems form the majority of the nascent e-voting technologies, primarily because they have come closest to solving the usability and security issues inherent in technology–based voting systems.
Development and Application of Molded Interconnect Devices
Authors: Cui Liangyu , Yang Chengjuan , Tian Yanling , Zhang Dawei
Published: January 2015

With the improvements of electromechanical systems' automation and intelligence, contradiction between the high integration, high performance and miniaturization, low cost has become the principal reason restricting the development of electromechanical system. The emergence of molded interconnection device (MID) technology provides a new way to resolve this contradiction. Integration of the mechanical and electrical functions in electromechanical system onto the same polymer molded base structure, replacement of the tradition printed circuit board (PCB), design and processing of 3D circuit system on polymer molded base structure surface distinguishes MID technology from others. MID technology can not only save space occupied by the electromechanical system and improve the system integration, but also can simplify the assembly process and lower the cost. In this study, present research and future development of MID technology were introduced first. Then the main technical problems involved in MID processing including the design method of MID, materials technology, equipment technology, surface mounted devices (SMD) assembly technique, and so on were analyzed systematically. Finally, using the ultrasonic micro embossing technology, a manufacturing method of polymer circuit board, radio frequency identification (RFID) antenna, microelectrode arrays, and some other polymer foil MID was proposed. Based on the in-depth analysis of polymer foil MID's characteristics, polymer foil MID are expected to have a broad application in the field of microfluidic chip.
In Vivo 4-1BB Deficiency in Myeloid Cells Enhances Peripheral T Cell Proliferation by Increasing IL-15
Authors: Choi Beom K. , Kim Young H. , Lee Don G. , Oh Ho S. , Kim Kwang H. , Park Sang H. , Lee Jinsun , Vinay Dass S. , Kwon Byoung S.
Published: January 2015

4-1BB signals are considered positive regulators of T cell responses against viruses and tumors, but recent studies suggest that they have more complex roles in modulating T cell responses. Although dual roles of 4-1BB signaling in T cell responses have been suggested, the underlying mechanisms are still not fully understood. In this study, we tested whether 4-1BB expression affected T cell responses differently when expressed in myeloid versus lymphoid cells in vivo. By assessing the proliferation of 4-1BB+/+ and 4-1BB−/− T cells in lymphocyte-deficient RAG2−/− and RAG2−/−4-1BB−/− mice, we were able to compare the effects on T cell responses of 4-1BB expression on myeloid versus T cells. Surprisingly, adoptively transferred T cells were more responsive in tumor-bearing RAG2−/−4-1BB−/− mice than in RAG2−/− mice, and this enhanced T cell proliferation was further enhanced if the T cells were 4-1BB deficient. Dendritic cells (DCs) rather than NK or tissue cells were the myeloid lineage cells primarily responsible for the enhanced T cell proliferation. However, individual 4-1BB−/− DCs were less effective in T cell priming in vivo than 4-1BB+/+ DCs; instead, more DCs in the secondary lymphoid organs of RAG2−/−4-1BB−/− mice appeared to induce the enhanced T cell proliferation by producing and transpresenting more IL-15. Therefore, we conclude that in vivo 4-1BB signaling of myeloid cells negatively regulates peripheral T cell responses by limiting the differentiation of DCs and their accumulation in secondary lymphoid organs.
Engulfment of Activated Apoptotic Cells Abolishes TGF-β–Mediated Immunoregulation via the Induction of IL-6
Authors: Notley Clare A. , Brown Mark A. , McGovern Jenny L. , Jordan Christine K. , Ehrenstein Michael R.
Published: January 2015

Phagocytosis of apoptotic cells (ACs) is usually a potent immunoregulatory signal but can also promote inflammation. In this article, we show that administration of apoptotic dendritic cells (DCs) inhibited inflammation in vivo through increasing production of TGF-β from intrinsic DCs and B cells. However, ACs derived from LPS-activated DCs failed to restrain inflammation because of a short-lived but marked IL-6 response, which abolished the increase in TGF-β. Inhibition of IL-6 restored the protective anti-inflammatory properties of aACs and the TGF-β response. DCs isolated from mice that had received resting but not activated ACs could transfer the suppression of inflammation to recipient mice. These transferred DCs stimulated B cell TGF-β production and relied on an intact B cell compartment to limit inflammation. These results highlight how the activation state of AC governs their ability to control inflammation through reciprocal regulation of IL-6 and TGF-β.
Unique Ligand-Binding Property of the Human IgM Fc Receptor
Authors: Honjo Kazuhito , Kubagawa Yoshiki , Kearney John F. , Kubagawa Hiromi
Published: January 2015

The IgM Fc receptor (FcμR) is the newest FcR, and coligation of FcμR and Fas/CD95 on Jurkat cells with agonistic IgM anti-Fas mAb was shown to inhibit Fas-induced apoptosis. The ligand-binding activity of human FcμR was further examined. FcμR-mediated protection from apoptosis was partially blocked by addition of 104 molar excess of IgM or its soluble immune complexes, but it could be inhibited by addition of 10-fold excess of IgM anti-CD2 mAb. This suggests that FcμR binds more efficiently to the Fc portion of IgM reactive with plasma-membrane proteins than to the Fc portion of IgM in solution. The former interaction occurred in cis on the same cell surface, but not in trans between neighboring cells. This cis engagement of FcμR resulted in modulation of Ca2+ mobilization via CD2 on Jurkat cells or BCRs on blood B cells upon cross-linkage with the corresponding IgM mAbs. Several functional changes were observed with FcμR mutants: 1) significant increase in IgM ligand binding in the cytoplasmic tail-deletion mutant, 2) enhanced cap formation in FcμR upon IgM binding at 4°C with a point mutation of the transmembrane His to Phe, and 3) less protective activity of FcμR in IgM anti-Fas mAb-mediated apoptosis assays with a point mutation of the membrane-proximal Tyr to Phe. These findings show the importance of the cis engagement of FcμR and its critical role in receptor function. Hence, FcμR on B, T, and NK cells may modulate the function of surface proteins recognized by natural or immune IgM Abs on the shared membrane cell surface.
Transobturator tension-free vaginal tape is the most common procedure in women with stress urinary incontinence: our experience
Authors: Gentile Barbara Cristina , Giulianelli Roberto , Albanesi Luca , Mirabile Gabriella , Pisanti Francesco
Published: January 2015

Transobturator tension-free vaginal tape (TVT-O) surgery is currently one of the most effective procedures used to treat women with stress urinary incontinence (SUI), however, long-term follow-up data in medical literature is scarce. For this study, we enrolled women with SUI assessed by an urodynamic examination and a translabial ultrasound with a pelvic organ prolapse no greater than grade 2. All of the women were also given a pre- and postoperative test to assess their quality of life. They were given a thorough physical examination, asked to keep a voiding diary, and underwent an urodynamic examination and a translabial ultrasound. Additionally, we also further evaluated intraoperative and postoperative complications and the onset of de novo detrusor overactivity after the procedure. We also assessed the long-term efficacy of the TVT-O in those women with SUI caused by sphincter hypotonia. All of the women underwent TVT-O surgery without any associated procedure. Our findings indicate that TVT-O surgery is an effective treatment option for women with SUI, showing a very high cure rate and a low incidence of complications, with sustained outcomes even in the long-term. However, in women with SUI caused by sphincter hypotonia, the excellent outcomes in early stages tend to dwindle over time
GIS dataset of geology, Ware (94F), British Columbia
Authors: Fallas K M , Okulitch A V
Published: January 2015

The geological database is derived from previous regional mapping of the Ware (NTS 94F) 1:250 000 scale map area, compiled as part of the Geological Survey of Canada's Central Foreland NATMAP project. Geological features represented by attributed points, lines,
and polygons have been compiled into a GIS dataset suitable for stand-alone use, or integration with other data sets. Provided geological features extend traditional geological map information with greater detail and enhancements such as measured section locations and fossil localities. The Ware map
area extends across the fold and thrust belt of the northern Rocky Mountains. The geology of the area is characterised by predominantly sedimentary strata, of Middle or Late Proterozoic to Paleogene age, exposed in northeast-verging thrust sheets, folds, and normal fault-bounded grabens. Early
Proterozoic orthogneiss and Paleogene granite and dacite dykes occur along the western edge of the map-area. Upper Triassic and unconformably overlying Cretaceous strata of the Foothills Belt occur in the northeastern most corner of the map-area where they are overthrust by a panel containing
Proterozoic strata of the Muskwa Assemblage unconformably overlain by Cambrian through Middle Devonian miogeoclinal rocks. The Muskwa Assemblage is intruded by 779 Ma gabbro dykes. To the southwest, major anticlines and several thrust faults expose Proterozoic to Silurian strata. The Paleozoic
carbonate platform succession undergoes a gradual facies change southwest into fine clastics and basinal carbonates. Loss of thick carbonate panels results in a change in structural style from thrust fault-dominated to fold-dominated. In the central part of the area, sets of closely spaced folds and
thrust faults deform Cambrian through Triassic units with older units predominating to the southwest until metasedimentary rocks of the Neoproterozoic Misinchinka Group are encountered in the last thrust sheet beside the Rocky Mountain Trench graben. This graben contains the Cretaceous and Tertiary
Sifton Formation, which also lies unconformably on Proterozoic to Ordovician strata to the southwest. In the southwest corner of the map-area are folded and faulted exposures of the Neoproterozoic Ingenika Group overlain unconformably by the Lower Cambrian Atan Group and Cambro-Ordovician Kechika
Formation. Minor Late Triassic gabbro and Paleogene dacite dykes intrude the succession.
A cone-beam computed tomographic study of root canal systems in mandibular premolars in a Turkish population: Theoretical model for determining orifice shape
Authors: Arslan Hakan , Capar Ismail Davut , Ertas Elif Tarim , Ertas Huseyin , Akcay Merve
Published: January 2015

Objective: The purposes of this retrospective study were to represent a newly designed theoretical model for determining orifice shape and morphologic properties of mandibular premolars and to correlate these findings with each other. Materials and Methods: A total of 287 mandibular premolar images obtained from 88 patients by cone-beam computed tomography were included in this study. The measurements were performed below the cementoenamel junction, and different orifice configurations were defined in accordance with various ratios. The age and gender of the patient, the tooth type and position, the number of roots, orifice configuration, root canal configuration, presence of C-shaped canal, and the presence of radicular groove were recorded. It was also recorded whether the root canal becomes round or not and if any, length of the root canal from the orifice to the section in which it becomes round. Furthermore, the theoretical model for determining orifice shape was defined after measurements. The orifice shape was determined as round, oval, flat, keyhole-shaped, and T-shaped, and orifices with short, normal length, and long isthmus. Statistical analyses were performed using Chi-square and Spearman's rank correlation tests (P = 0.05). Results: Orifice configurations were, usually, flat (37%), or keyhole-shaped (23%). The prevalence of T-shaped was found to be 3.8%. The prevalence of C-shaped canals was found to be 2.1%. The percentage of root canals that became round in the middle or apical thirds was 95.1%. Radicular grooves were detected in 37 (24%) of first premolars and six (4.5%) of second premolars. Statistical analysis revealed that the mean length of distance until the canal reached a round shape varied according to age group (r = −0.270; P < 0.001). There was a statistically significant difference between radicular groove and tooth type (P < 0.001). Conclusions: The mean length of distance until the canal reached a round shape correlated with the patient's age. The new theoretical model could be beneficial to determine orifice configurations.
Biocompatibility of a new epoxy resin-based root canal sealer in subcutaneous tissue of rat
Authors: Simsek Neslihan , Akinci Levent , Gecor Orhan , Alan Hilal , Ahmetoglu Fuat , Taslidere Elif
Published: January 2015

Objective: The objective was to evaluate the subcutaneous biocompatibility of two root canal sealers. Materials and Methods: Thirty female rats were distributed into two groups of 15 animals. Each received subcutaneous dorsal implants: Silicone tubes filled with AH Plus or Obtuseal. After the 11th, 14th, and 45th days, tissues were collected for biopsy and fixed and processed for histologic evaluation. Observations of the cellular inflammatory components, such as lymphocytes and macrophages, were made. The data were analyzed using Kruskal–Wallis and Connover tests (P < 0.05). Results: By the 7th day, lymphocyte infiltration increased in both groups (P = 0.0104). However, macrophage infiltration increased only in the AH Plus group (P = 0.0011). By the 14th and 45th days, lymphocyte and macrophage infiltrations were reduced. At the end of the experimental period, no statistically significant differences were found between the AH Plus group and the Obtuseal group (P > 0.05). Conclusion: After 45 days, Obtuseal yielded a satisfactory tissue reaction; it was biocompatible when tested in subcutaneous rat tissue. On the basis of the obtained results, it was concluded that Obtuseal root canal sealer caused a satisfactory tissue reaction as AH plus, because it was biocompatible when tested in the subcutaneous tissue of rats.
Assessment of gingival health among school children in Sharjah, United Arab Emirates
Authors: Gopinath Vellore Kannan , Rahman Betul , Awad Manal A.
Published: January 2015

Objectives: The present study evaluated the gingival condition among school going children in Sharjah, United Arab Emirates and determined its relationship with tooth brushing frequency, diet and dental caries. Materials and Methods: Four hundred and five children participated in the study. There were 232 boys (57%) and 173 (43%) girls. Children were grouped based on age as ≤6 years (n = 84) mean age 4.72 ± 0.50 and >6 years (n = 321) mean age 8.47 ± 1.65. The amount of dental plaque and gingival condition were assessed on the inner and outer surface of six index teeth using Silness and Loe and Loe and Silness criteria. Dental caries status was assessed using WHO 1997 criteria. Dental examination, tooth brushing frequency and 24 h diet chart were recorded by calibrated dentists. Logistic regression analysis was used to determine the predictors of gingivitis. Results: Increase in decayed, missing, and filled teeth values corresponds to increase in plaque index and gingival index scores (P ≤ 0.05). A logistic regression analysis of the predictors of gingivitis showed that males were 2.11 times less likely to have gingivitis compared with females (odds ratio [OR]: 0.47, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.24-0.93, P = 0.03) and children aged ≤6 years were 3.06 times less likely to have gingivitis than those aged >6 years (OR: 0.33, 95% CI: 0.17-0.62, P = 0.00). Tooth brushing frequency and diet were not significant predictors. Conclusion: Current study clearly demonstrated that female gender and children more than 6 years were more likely to have gingivitis.