bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Uropathogens and their antibiotic sensitivity pattern among poorly controlled diabetic Pakistani patients with Asymptomatic Bacteriuria
Authors: Sheikh Nadeem Islam , Zahoor Ambreen , Naseem Sajid , Yasir Ali
Published: September 2018

Background: Urinary tract infections (UTIs) are common among diabetic patients, 60% of the patients with diabetes mellitus (DM) have risk of UTI and two third of them develop symptomatic or asymptomatic UTIs. The uropathogens may vary in their susceptibility to antimicrobials from place to place and time to time, therefore susceptibility pattern of predominant organisms against antimicrobials is essential. The aim of the study was to investigate the incidence of asymptomatic bacteriuria (ASB) and UTIs in clinically diagnosed diabetic patients and to determine the uropathogens responsible for ASB and UTIs as well as their antimicrobial susceptibility pattern.

Methodology: An observational, prospective study was conducted at the Islamabad Social Security Hospital, Pakistan. Total 269 patients were recruited as per the study inclusion/exclusion criteria. Fasting blood glucose (FBG), blood sedimentation rate (BSR), urine routine examination (RE), abdominal ultrasound and hemoglobin-A1c (HbA1c) were examined in all patients to exclude other causes of urosepsis.

Results: According to the study results 106 urine cultures were positive in the absence of urinary symptoms. Majority of the study subjects were around 50 years of age with an average glycosylated hemoglobin level of 8.98 g/dl. Urine culture and sensitivity test showed that E coli - Extended-spectrum beta-lactamases (ESBL) isolated in 39.63% was the most common organism sensitive to Tazobactam and Tiegecycline. E coli isolated in 32% was observed sensitive to levofloxacin, cefotaxime and tazobactam. Klebsiella (ESBL) isolated in 5.6% and found sensitive to tazobactum and amikacin. Klebsiella saprophyticus isolated in 3.77% with greater sensitivity to Tazobactum and cefixime while Enterococcus isolated in 5.6% mainly sensitive to minocycline and vancomycin. Majority of the isolated organisms were poorly sensitive or resistant to cefixime, quinolones and amoxiclav.

Conclusion: Asymptomatic bactriuria is common in type 2 diabetic patients. The growth and sensitivity of microorganism reveal resistance and poor sensitivity to commonly used oral antibiotics therefore it is mandatory to treat UTI only after isolation of microorganisms according to culture and sensitivity to prevent resistant strains.
ANALISIS PENGARUH JUMLAH CLIENT DAN JARAK CAKUPAN WIRELESS AP IEEE 802.11 N TERHADAP KUALITAS JARINGAN WLAN MENGGUNAKAN TEKNIK UR DAN WDS
Authors: Hafazah Ilmiatul , Arimbawa I Wayan Agus , Jatmika Andy Hidayat
Published: September 2018

Standar jaringan WLAN yang paling banyak beredar dipasaran saat ini adalah IEEE 802.11n. Untuk membangun jaringan WLAN yang lebih praktis dapat menggunakan teknik UR dan WDS.

 Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk dapat mengukur dan menganalisa pengaruh jumlah client dan jarak terhadap kualitas jaringan WLAN yang menggunakan teknik UR dan WDS dengan parameter ukur bandwidth, jitter, dan packet loss.

Hasil analisa data diketahui bahwa semakin banyak client dan semakin jauh jarak transmisi dapat menurunkan kualitas jaringan UR dan WDS. Kualitas jaringan terbaik dihasilkan jaringan UR pada jarak 7,5m dengan rata-rata bandwidth sebesar 11934.7035 Kbps, rata-rata jitter sebesar 2.3563135 ms, dan rata-rata packet loss sebesar 1.90% dibandingkan jaringan WDS dengan rata-rata bandwidth 3846.9135 Kbps, rata-rata jitter 9.496095 ms, dan rata-rata packet loss 5.23%. Kualitas jaringan terburuk dihasilkan jaringan WDS pada jarak 30m dengan rata-rata bandwidth sebesar 898.32735 Kbps, rata-rata jitter sebesar 37.32591 ms, dan rata-rata packet loss sebesar 47.10% dibandingkan jaringan UR dengan rata-rata bandwidth 8859.797 Kbps, rata-rata jitter 13.082195 ms, dan rata-rata packet loss 19.24%. Hasil keseluruhan pengukuran diketahui bahwa teknik UR lebih unggul dibandingkan WDS dalam membangun jaringan WLAN.

 

KATA KUNCI : WLAN (Wireless Local Area Network), UR (Universar Repeater), WDS (Wireless Distribution System), Bandwidth, Jitter, Packet Loss
RANCANGAN AWAL SISTEM KOMUNIKASI SATELIT IMAGE PROCESSING LAPAN-TUBSAT
Authors: Suwarjo Minto
Published: September 2018

The LAPAN-TUBSAT is a joint reseaverd between LAPAN and TECHNICAL UNIVERSITY OF BERLIN for image processing application. The satellite will be built in with half-duplex transmission system, with uplink frequency is uHF-band 435.075 Mhz in minimum data rate 1200 pbs, while the downlink frequency is S-band 2.2 GHz use data rate 38400 bps. The uplink frequency will functioned for command and donwlink frequencies for telemetry data and image data. The main communication payload consists of transmitter and antenna s-band, tranceiver and antenna UHF-band, two cameras with resolution 50 mm and 1000 mm with PAL standard, data and video multiplexes, on borad data handling and power control unit. The ground station consists of TT and C operates in UHF-band and ground receiver processing operates in S-band frequency. The minimum image signal quality received is 45 dB for BER 10.
PELAPISAN PERMUKAAN DALAM NOSEL ROKET RKX100 DENGAN Cr2C3-NiCr HVOF: OPTIMASI KEKUATAN LEKAT MELALUI VARIASI KEKASARAN PERMUKAAN
Authors: T.Sofyan Bondan , Prasetyo Yus , Ardiansyah Sayid , Prasetyo Yus , Sofyan Edy
Published: September 2018

Nozzle of RKX100 rocket contributes 30 percent to the total weight of the structure, so that allowing further research on weight reduction. An alternative for this is by substitution of massive graphite, which is currently used as thermal protector in the nozzle, with thin layer of HVOF (High Velocity Oxy-Fuel) thermal spray layer. A series of study on the characteristics of various type of HVOF coating material have been being conducted. This paper presented the investigation on the HVOF Cr2C3-NiCr thermal spray coating, in particular, the optimization of bonding strength by varying surface roughness of substrates. Characterization included bonding strength test, micro hardness measurement and micro structural observation with optical microscope and scanning electron micriscope (SEM). The results showed that grit blasting pressure increass the surface roughness from 4,54 um to 5.72 um at the pressure of 6 bar. Average micro hardness of the coating was 631 VHN 300. Coating applied to the surface with rougness of 5.42 um possessed the highest bonding strength, 44 MPa. Microstructural observation by using optical microscope and scanning electron microscope (SEM) confirmed dense lamellae structure with variable composition. High coating adherence was found to be due to mechanical interlocking.
PENELITIAN DAN PENGUJIAN KARAKTERISTIK AERODINAMIKA BOM LATIH PERCOBAAN BLP-500 DAN BLP 25
Authors: Aribowo Agus , Atmadi Sulistyo , Kadarusman Markis Yus
Published: September 2018

Research and aerodynamic testing of BLP-500 and BLP-25 have been conducted in both subsonic and supersonic wind tunnel. Aerodynamic characteristics such as Cl, Cd, and Cm for these types of bomb we obtained. By knowing the aerodynamic characteristics, the stability and trajectory of the bomb can be determined. Both analytical calculation and real tests in the wind tunnel were performed and compared. The results showed that for its static stability, the location of the centre of gravity of BLP-500 and BLP-25 to be less than 115.1 cm and 31.9 cm respectively.
ANALISIS MODUS NORMAL DAN KEKUATAN STRUKTUR SIRIP ROKET-168 DARI BAHAN AL-PLATE
Authors: Sugiarmadji - , Setiadi -
Published: September 2018

Structural strength analysis on Motor Rocket-168 fins was carried out to determine static stresses due to aerodynamic loadings. Here, 90 mm of the root chord area from leading edge was unclamp (free). The analysis results showed the maximum value of von Mises stress is Q von mises = 42.40 MPa. For 90 mm condition un clamp (free) we obtained the safety factor of the material for fins structures made of Al-Plate is SF=3.39. For 67.5 mm of 90 mm root chord area constrainted at 12456 directions, it was found Qvm equal 11,26 MPa and has higher safety factor. Eigenvalues and eigenvectors of the fins structures. The results showed that the eigenvalues of the fin structures are Q1 equal 198,47 Hz, Q2 equal 616,34 Hz, Q3 equal 1080,97 Hz, Q4 equal 1704,33 Hz, Q5 equal 2386,82 Hz, dan Q6 equal 2770,94 Hz.
PENELITIAN MEKANISME STALL AKIBAT PERKEMBANGAN GELEMBUNG SEPARASI PADA SAYAP NACA 0017 SECARA EKSPERIMEN DI TEROWONGAN ANGIN SUBSONIK
Authors: Aribowo Agus
Published: September 2018

This paper presents the results of investigation the separation buble which growing and burst on aerofoil NACA 0017 with effect mechanism of stall in the subsonic wind tunnel. Experiment have done on wind speed 20 m per s and 30 m per s. The data pecked from the orifice of pressure with interval 2 degree until stall position. The result was separation buble which growing on the airfoil, going to ahead of airfoil together with increasing the Reynolds number. After touching, the flow appeared to separate from the upper airfoil without reattachment.
Regímenes internacionales y organizaciones intergubernamentales: preferencias y valoraciones políticas desde Uruguay
Authors: Burian Camilo López , Irazabal Federico
Published: September 2018

Este trabajo presenta una mirada empírica a las preferencias y valoraciones que los actores políticos uruguayos tienen sobre diferentes regímenes internacionales. A la vez que se presentan, subsidiariamente, algunos datos de opinión pública con el fin de realizar reflexiones preliminares sobre algunas opiniones presentes en los ciudadanos. En el caso de las preferencias de los parlamentarios la pertenencia partidaria y la dimensión ideológica parecen estructurar los posicionamientos. Mientras que las opiniones de los ciudadanos se presentan mucho más homogéneas, no mostrando las divergencias que se observan en los parlamentarios. A partir de estos análisis se realizan algunas reflexiones sobre las posibles explicaciones de los fenómenos visibilizados y se proponen algunas líneas para investigaciones futuras.Regímenes Internacionales - Partidos Políticos - Ciudadanos
Atores internacionais e poder cibernético: o papel das transnacionais de tecnologia na era digital
Authors: Mariano Marcelo Passini , Pigatto Jaqueline Trevisan , Almeida Rafael Augusto Ribeiro de
Published: September 2018

Este artigo analisa as relações de poder em um mundo onde as novas tecnologias digitais modificam as capacidades dos atores internacionais, tendo consequências diretas sobre os Estados nacionais e as instituições internacionais. As relações internacionais são abordadas a partir da discussão sobre a expansão do ciberespaço, procurando compreender como as sociedades reagem às mudanças no padrão de interação social e como os recursos de poder cibernético são utilizados pelas transnacionais das tecnologias de informação e comunicação. Destaca-se o papel crescente dos algoritmos na vida social e também como instrumento de poder, a fim de refletir sobre as transformações nos processos de socialização internacional e a crescente dificuldade para estabelecer consensos e convergir expectativas dos diferentes atores em torno de objetivos coletivos. Por fim, a maior pluralidade de atores com capacidades de influência no sistema internacional e a disputa para ter acesso, concentrar e manter recursos de poder cibernéticos são apresentados como um dos principais motivos das mudanças que vêm ocorrendo no cenário atual.
Resenha: fronteiras e relações internacionais
Authors: Garcia Tatiana De Souza Leite , De Oliveira Jesus Bianca
Published: September 2018

Consideramos que o livro Fronteiras e relações internacionais é pioneiro para os estudos de relações internacionais no Brasil e na América do Sul, por tratar a partir de uma abordagem multidisciplinar, a importância das fronteiras nas discussões teóricas, para a integração regional, a cooperação descentralizada, a saúde e o meio ambiente nas faixas de fronteira, a segurança pública e as relações bilaterais.
Voiko katse raiskata?
Authors: Vuorinne Anna
Published: September 2018

Artikkelissa tarkastellaan sukupuolittuneen vallan ja seksuaalisen väkivallan käsittelyä Ulli Lustin sarjakuvassa Tänään on loppuelämäsi viimeinen päivä (Heute ist der letzte Tag vom Rest deines Lebens, 2009). Artikkeli selvittää, millaisia välineitä omaelämäkerrallinen sarjakuva tarjoaa feministiselle kritiikille ja identiteettipolitiikalle. Lustin teosta tulkitaan suhteessa feministisen sarjakuvan ja tunnustuskirjallisuuden perinteeseen. Analyysin keskiössä ovat teoksen juonelliset ja visuaaliset motiivit, joiden avulla sukupuolirooleja ja sukupuolten välisiä valtasuhteita tematisoidaan. Lähtökohtana on ymmärrys sarjakuvasta multimodaalisena kertomusmuotona, jossa merkitykset muodostuvat kuvan, sanan ja tilan yhteispelissä.

Artikkelissa tarkastellaan ensiksi sitä, miten sukupuolten välisiä valtasuhteita ja seksuaalista väkivaltaa kuvataan. Toiseksi analysoidaan, millaisia muutoksia päähenkilön feministinen herääminen synnyttää kerronnassa. Lopuksi tutkitaan, millä tavoin teos kritisoi sukupuolittuneiden valtarakenteiden taustalla vaikuttavia kulttuurisia käytäntöjä. Artikkeli osoittaa, että sarjakuvailmaisu soveltuu monin tavoin sukupuolittuneen vallankäytön ja seksuaalisen väkivallan havainnoimiseen ja kritisoimiseen.
AKTIVITAS EKONOMI DAN PERDAGANGAN DI KARESIDENAN LAMPUNG PADA PERIODE 1856 HINGGA 1930
Authors: Ariwibowo Gregorius Andika
Published: September 2018

Letaknya yang berada di ujung selatan Pulau Sumatera menjadikan wilayah Lampung sebagai titik penting dalam arus perdagangan Jawa-Sumatera. Pada masa kolonial wilayah merupakan salah satu daerah penghasil utama komoditas ekspor Hindia Belanda. Kajian ini ingin melihat bagaimana bentuk dan gambaran dari aktivitas ekonomi dan perdagangan di wilayah Lampung pada periode 1856 hingga 1930?. Di samping itu kajian ini juga ingin melihat pembangunan sarana fisik apa sajakah yang dilakukan oleh pemerintah kolonial untuk menunjang kegiatan ekonomi di Lampung?. Kajian ini bertujuan untuk menambah khasanah kajian sejarah ekonomi di wilayah Lampung yang selam ini masih sedikit mendapatkan perhatian. Memiliki wilayah yang subur dan luas telah menjadikan Lampung sebagai salah satu pusat komoditas sumber daya alam di Hindia Belanda. Komoditas alam seperti lada, kopi, tembakau, dan karet menjadi penunjang bagi berkembangnya ekonomi dan perdagangan. Pemebenahan infrastruktur yang dilakukan oleh pemerintah kolonial memberikan pengaruh baik bagi pengembangan ekonomi di wilayah ini. The location on the southern tip of Sumatra Island makes the Lampung region as an important point in the Java-Sumatra trade flow. In the colonial period the region was one of the main producing areas of the Dutch East Indies export commodities. This study would like to see how the shape and picture of economic and trading activity in the area of Lampung in the period 1856 to 1930. In addition, this study also wants to see the type of physical development done by the colonial government to support economic activities in Lampung . This study aims to increase the repertoire of the study of economic history in the Lampung region which has received a little attention. Having a fertile and extensive area, has made Lampung as one of the centers of natural resource commodities in the Dutch East Indies. Natural commodities such as pepper, coffee, tobacco, and rubber are supporting the development of economy and trade. The improvement of infrastructure carried out by the colonial government had a good influence on economic development in this region.
Respons Masyarakat Kampung Naga terhadap Pembangunan Pariwisata
Authors: Nugraha Awaludin , Baiquni M. , Ahimsa-Putra Heddy Shri , Priyambodo Tri Kuntoro
Published: September 2018

Pada kurun 1975-2010 Pemerintah Kabupaten Tasikmalaya telah melakukan pembangunan pariwisata di Kampung Naga dengan tujuan meningkatkan kehidupan ekonomi masyarakatnya. Namun, masyarakat Kampung Naga melakukan respons negatif terhadap pembangunan tersebut. Mengapa masyarakat Kampung Naga melakukan respons negatif terhadap pembangunan pariwisata, padahal pembangunan tersebut dapat meningkatkan kehidupan ekonominya? Tujuan studi ini adalah untuk mendeskripsikan bentuk respons masyarakat Kampung Naga terhadap pembangunan pariwisata dan memahami penyebab munculnya respons itu. Metode penelitian yang digunakan adalah metode sejarah yang terdiri atas heuristik, kritik, interpretasi, dan historiografi. Pengumpulan datanya dilakukan dengan studi kepustakaan dan wawancara sejarah lisan. Teknik analisis datanya menggunakan model interaktif. Hasilnya menunjukkan bahwa bentuk respons negatif masyarakat Kampung Naga terhadap pembangunan pariwisata terjadi secara bertahap dari skala lokal sampai skala nasional. Respons negatif tersebut disebabkan adanya perbedaan pemaknaan terhadap konsep pariwisata. Bagi masyarakat Kampung Naga, pariwisata bermakna silaturahmi yang bertujuan mempererat persaudaraan, sedangkan bagi pemerintah adalah aset untuk mendapatkan keuntungan finansial. In the period 1975-2010 Tasikmalaya Regency Government has made tourism development in Kampung Naga. The purpose was to improve the economic life of Kampung Naga community. However, the Kampung Naga community responded negatively to that development. Why did the Kampung Naga community respond negatively to the development of tourism, whereas that development could improve the life of its economist? The purpose of this study is to describe the response form of Kampung Naga community to the tourism development and to understand the cause of the response. The research method used is a historical method, namely heuristics, criticism, interpretation, and historiography. Collecting data are using literature studiies and oral history interviews. Interactive model is used to analyze data. The result of this study shows that the negative response form of Kampung Naga community toward tourism development happened gradually from local scale to national scale. The response was caused by the difference of the meaning to the concept of tourism. For the community of Kampung Naga, tourism means a relationship that aims to strengthen the brotherhood, while for the government assets to improve financial benefit.
Perjuangan M.A.Sentot dalam Perang Mempertahankan Kemerdekaan di Indramayu (1945-1949)
Authors: Iryana Wahyu , Lubis Nina Herlina , Sofianto Kunto
Published: September 2018

Perang mempertahankan negara Indonesia pasca Proklamasi Kemerdekaan terjadi di beberapa daerah, termasuk perjuangan pasukan setan Muhammad Asmat Sentot di daerah Indramayu, Jawa Barat. Perlu ditekankan bahwa proses diplomasi tidak bisa dilepaskan dengan aktivitas militer. Adapun permasalahan yang diangkat dalam penelitian adalah mengenai bagaimana biografi Sentot sebagai pemimpin perjuangan perang fisik di Indramayu (1945-1949)? Bagaimana perjuangan pasukan setan merah yang dipimpin oleh Sentot dalam mempertahankan kemerdekaan di daerah Indramayu Provinsi Jawa Barat. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui biografi Sentot dan untuk memahami nilai-nilai heroik perjuangan Muhammad As’ad Sentot melawan Agresi Militer Belanda dalam mempertahankan wilayah Indramayu. Tulisan ini menggunakan metode penelitian sejarah (heuristik, kritik, interpretasi, historiografi). Sedangkan teori yang digunakan adalah teori kausalitas. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan Sentot  merupakan tokoh sentral dalam peristiwa perang fisik untuk mempertahankan kemerdekaan di wilayah Indramayu, Jawa Barat. Ia mempunyai peranan penting untuk membangkitkan serta mengobarkan keberanian rakyat Indramayu melawan Belanda pada masa perang fisik (1945-1949).The war defended the post-independence Indonesian State of Independence in several areas, including the struggle of the red-blooded forces of Muhammad Asmat Sentot in the Indramayu area of West Java. It should be emphasized that the diplomacy process can not be separated by military activity. The problem raised in the research is about how the biography of Sentot as the leader of the physical war struggle in Indramayu (1945-1949)? How is the struggle of red demon troops led by Sentot in maintaining independence in Indramayu area of West Java Province? This study aims to determine the biography of Sentot and to understand the heroic values of Muhammad As'ad Sentot struggle against Dutch Military Aggression in defending the Indramayu region. This paper uses historical research methods (heuristics, criticism, interpretation, historiography). While the theory used is the theory of causality. The result of this research is that Sentot is a central figure in the event of physical war to defend the independence in Indramayu, West Java. He has an important role to raise and brave the people of Indramayu against the Dutch during the period of the physical war (1945-1949).
Основные принципы надлежащей лабораторной практики (НЛП, GLP) при обустройстве вивария и организации научных исследований
Authors: Раскоша О. В. , Кичигин А. И.
Published: September 2018

В статье рассмотрены основные требования GLP (Good Laboratory Practice) к обустройству и проектированию вивариев, содержанию животных, а также к организации работы испытательных центров.
Physical Inactivity is Related to Unheralded Myocardial Infarction More Than Uncomplicated Stable Angina
Authors: Vasheghani-Farahani Ali , Afshar Somayeh , Salimnejad Maryam , Kasaian Ebrahim , Boroumand Mohammad Ali , Davoodi Gholamreza , Meysamie Alipasha , Yazdani Tahereh , Amooeian Vahid Ghasem , Ashraf Haleh
Published: September 2018

Background: Ischemic heart disease can vary substantially in its clinical presentation. Some patients have acute myocardial infarction (MI) without any previous signs of myocardial ischemia, whereas other patients may have stable angina pectoris for years without periods of acute instability; this suggests the possibility of different risk influence in these 2 groups of patients.

Methods: Cardiovascular risk factors were compared in 112 consecutive patients with unheralded MIs (81 men; 59.9 ± 11.6 years) and in 168 consecutive patients with chronic stable angina (108 men; 58.2 ± 10.5 years) with at least 60% occlusion in lumen diameter in 1 of the coronary vessels.

Results: Logistic-regression analysis revealed that physical inactivity (odds ratio [OR]: 4.32, 95% CI = 2.07, 8.99; P < 0.0001), the values of high sensitive-C-reactive protein levels (OR: 1.05, 95% CI = 1.00, 1.11; P = 0.043), diabetes (OR: 2.88, 95% CI = 1.42, 5.83; P = 0.003), and positive family history of premature coronary artery disease (OR: 1.96, 95% CI: 1.04, 3.71; P = 0.038) were independent predictors of unheralded MI versus chronic stable angina.

Conclusion: In our subjects, sedentary life, diabetes mellitus, positive family history of premature coronary artery disease, and higher high sensitive-C-reactive protein levels were important independent predictors for unheralded MI, which suggests that these factors are involved in thrombosis, plaque rupture, or both.
Biostatistical Analysis: A Primer for Clinical Exercise Physiology, Part 1
Authors: Havstad Suzanne L. , Divine George W.
Published: September 2018

In this first of a two-part series on introductory biostatistics, we briefly describe common designs. The advantages and disadvantages of six design types are highlighted. The randomized clinical trial is the gold standard to which other designs are compared. We present the benefits of randomization and discuss the importance of power and sample size. Sample size and power calculations for any design need to be based on meaningful effects of interest. We give examples of how the effect of interest and the sample size interrelate. We also define concepts helpful to the statistical inference process. When drawing conclusions from a completed study, P values, point estimates, and confidence intervals will all assist the researcher. Finally, the issue of multiple comparisons is briefly explored. The second paper in this series will describe basic analytical techniques and discuss some common mistakes in the interpretation of data.
INVESTIGATION OF THE STUDIES PUBLISHEDON WOS BETWEEN 2013-2017 IN THE FIELD OF HEALTH TOURISM WORLDWIDE
Authors: ULUSOY Hatice , SARIÇOBAN Sinem , KETREZ Gizem
Published: September 2018

The aim of this study, is to examine studies searched on WOS in the field of health tourism worldwide in the last five years in terms of different variables. The study's universe is made up of the WOS databases from 2013 to 2017 and includes studies with the words “health tourism”,” medical tourism”,” thermal tourism”, “disabled tourism”, “ elderly tourism”  and “spa-wellness”. Only "research articles" were examined. In total 212 articles were identified, of which 160 were reached and examined according to criteria determined by the researchers. In the studies, which is reached as full text, "Medical Tourism" was the most commonly used keyword. It was determined that the studies were mostly published in 2015 (45) and English (149) was the commonly preferred language of the studies. It has been found that the studies conducted are mostly written by two authors (43) and the authors of all 160 studies mostly work in departments related to Health, Business Administration and Geography. Studies in the field of health tourism were made mostly in Malaysia (18), Korea (16) and Canada (13), respectively. In the studies examined, focus group interview / deep interview / interview technique (40) was used as a research method.

*This paper is an extended version of the study which was presented in 8th International Health Tourism Congress in Aydın, Turkey
Application of Invisible Image Watermarking
Authors: Perdana Aditya Halim , Rahim Robbi
Published: September 2018

Copyright to an image is very important so that it is not misused by irresponsible parties, many ways can be done to provide copyright information in an image. Watermarking is a technique commonly used to mark a picture that the image already has copyright and whose owner is known, but in addition to visible watermarking there is also an invisible watermarking to indicate an image on a pixel or also in byte code and this is invisible. The Patchwork Algorithm is an algorithm that can be used to give an image to the image as an authenticity image so that many parties cannot claim it and are quite good from various modifications of image, application that has been created are purpose to embedded information as invisible watermarking in the image.
The impact of the quality of maternal speech on infants’ segmentation abilities
Authors: Schreiner Melanie Steffi , Mani Nivedita
Published: September 2018

Across cultures, infants are typically addressed using a special speech register, called infant-directed speech (IDS). Infants appear to benefit from being addressed in this register, although there seem to be some cross-linguistic differences in their learning from IDS. One possible explanation for these differences is that children from different backgrounds are addressed in a less exaggerated register than standard American English IDS. Against this background, we examined whether German 7.5-month-olds are able to segment words from exaggerated IDS and standard German IDS. Furthermore, in order to evaluate the potential long-term consequences of continued exposure to less or more exaggerated IDS, we also examined the impact of individual differences in maternal IDS on early speech segmentation. We found that 7.5-month-old infants were able to segment words from exaggerated, but not from standard German IDS. A potential explanation for this result comes from our finding that infants whose mothers used more exaggerated IDS were able to also segment words from standard German IDS. Taken together, the current study a) underlines the importance of IDS in early language acquisition, b) demonstrates successful exaggerated IDS segmentation abilities, and c) presents a possible explanation for cross-linguistic differences in infants’ segmentation abilities reported in the literature.
POLITIK SUMBERDAYA DALAM PERSPEKTIF ISLAM - MASA LALU KINI DAN MENDATANG
Authors: Siregar Shohibul Anshor
Published: September 2018

Negara yang tidak memiliki sikap dan kebijakan yang jelas terhadap kekuatan sendiri akan menjadi permainan bagi negara lain di tengah persaingan yang tidak terhindari.
Adaptive social impact management for conservation and environmental management
Authors: Kaplan-Hallam Maery , Bennett Nathan
Published: September 2018

Concerns about the social consequences of conservation have spurred increased attention the monitoring and evaluation of the social impacts of conservation projects. This has resulted in a growing body of research that demonstrates how conservation can produce both positive and negative social, economic, cultural, health, and governance consequences for local communities. Yet, the results of social monitoring efforts are seldom applied to adaptively manage conservation projects. Greater attention is needed to incorporating the results of social impact assessments in long‐term conservation management to minimize negative social consequences and maximize social benefits. We bring together insights from social impact assessment, adaptive management, social learning, knowledge coproduction, cross‐scale governance, and environmental planning to propose a definition and framework for adaptive social impact management (ASIM). We define ASIM as the cyclical process of monitoring and adaptively managing social impacts over the life‐span of an initiative through the 4 stages of profiling, learning, planning, and implementing. We outline 14 steps associated with the 4 stages of the ASIM cycle and provide guidance and potential methods for social‐indicator development, predictive assessments of social impacts, monitoring and evaluation, communication of results, and identification and prioritization of management responses. Successful ASIM will be aided by engaging with best practices – including local engagement and collaboration in the process, transparent communication of results to stakeholders, collective deliberation on and choice of interventions, documentation of shared learning at the site level, and the scaling up of insights to inform higher‐level conservation policies‐to increase accountability, trust, and perceived legitimacy among stakeholders. The ASIM process is broadly applicable to conservation, environmental management, and development initiatives at various scales and in different contexts.
Realizing the transformative potential of conservation through the social sciences, arts and humanities
Authors: Bennett Nathan , Roth Robin
Published: September 2018

Conservation actions most often occur in peopled seascapes and landscapes. As a result, conservation decisions cannot rely solely on evidence from the natural sciences, but must also be guided by the social sciences, the arts and the humanities. However, we are concerned that too much of the current attention is on research that serves an instrumental purpose, by which we mean that the social sciences are used to justify and promote status quo conservation practices. The reasons for engaging the social sciences, as well as the arts and the humanities, go well beyond making conservation more effective. In this editorial, we briefly reflect on how expanding the types of social science research and the contributions of the arts and the humanities can help to achieve the transformative potential of conservation.
Coastal and Indigenous community access to marine resources and the ocean: A policy imperative for Canada
Authors: Bennett Nathan
Published: September 2018

Access, defined as the ability to use and benefit from available marine resources or areas of the ocean or coast, is important for the well-being and sustainability of coastal communities. In Canada, access to marine resources and ocean spaces is a significant issue for many coastal and Indigenous communities due to intensifying activity and competition in the marine environment. The general trend of loss of access has implications for these communities, and for Canadian society. In this review and policy perspective, we argue that access for coastal and Indigenous communities should be a priority consideration in all policies and decision-making processes related to fisheries and the ocean in Canada. This paper reviews how access affects the well-being of coastal communities, factors that support or undermine access, and research priorities to inform policy. Recommended actions include: ensuring access is transparently considered in all ocean-related decisions; supporting research to fill knowledge gaps on access to enable effective responses; making data accessible and including communities in decision-making that grants or restricts access to adjacent marine resources and spaces; ensuring updated laws, policies and planning processes explicitly incorporate access considerations; and, identifying and prioritizing actions to maintain and increase access. Taking action now could reverse the current trend and ensure that coastal and Indigenous communities thrive in the future. This is not just a Canadian issue. Globally, the ability of coastal and Indigenous communities to access and benefit from the marine environment should be at the forefront in all deliberations related to the oceans.
The Importance of Being Honest?
Authors: Krasnow Max , Howard Rhea M , Eisenbruch Adar B
Published: September 2018

Deceiving participants about the goals or content of a study is permitted in psychological research but is banned in economics journals and subject pools. This ban is intended to protect a public good: if experiencing deception causes participants to be suspicious in future studies, and suspicion influences their behavior, then the entire field suffers. We report a survey on psychologists and economists’ attitudes towards deception (N=568), and a large, non-deceptive multi-site study in which we measured participants’ histories, suspicion levels, and behavior in four common economic tasks (N=636). Economists reported wide ranging negative attitudes towards deceptive methods and support for the deception ban. However, the results of the behavioral study undercut the rationale of the deception ban: participants’ present suspicion unrelated to past experiences of deception, and suspicious participants behaved identically to credulous participants. We conclude that banning deceptive methods cannot be justified as the protection of a public good.
Psychological Predictors of School-Based Violence: Implications for School Counselors
Authors: Dykeman Cass
Published: September 2018

Examines the extent to which the psychological factors of impulsivity, empathy and locus of control can predict violent behavior by youth within a school context.
Towards a New Approach to Cross-Cultural Distinctiveness and Typicality of Human Faces: The Cross-Group Typicality/Distinctiveness Metric
Authors: Kleisner Karel , Pokorný Šimon , Saribay Selahattin Adil
Published: September 2018

In present research, we took advantage of geometric morphometrics to propose a data-driven method for estimating the individual degree of facial typicality/distinctiveness for cross-cultural (and other cross-group) comparisons. Looking like a stranger in one’s home culture may be somewhat stressful. The same facial appearance, however, might become advantageous within an outgroup population. To address this fit between facial appearance and cultural setting, we propose a simple measure of distinctiveness/typicality based on position of an individual along the axis connecting the facial averages of two populations under comparison. The more distant a face is from its ingroup population mean towards the outgroup mean the more distinct it is (vis-à-vis the ingroup) and the more it resembles the outgroup standards. We compared this new measure with an alternative measure based on distance from outgroup mean. The new measure showed stronger association with rated facial distinctiveness than distance from outgroup mean. Subsequently, we manipulated facial stimuli to reflect different levels of ingroup-outgroup distinctiveness and tested them in one of the target cultures. Perceivers were able to successfully distinguish outgroup from ingroup faces in a two-alternative forced-choice task. There was also some evidence that this task was harder when the two faces were closer along the axis connecting the facial averages from the two cultures. Future directions and potential applications of our proposed approach are discussed.
Time dimensions of job autonomy in R&D work
Authors: Ruubel Raul
Published: September 2018

This paper seeks to identify what type of employees are more likely to be satisfied with flexible working time and what type with fixed time, and what drives some other time related aspects of job autonomy, using multivariate ordered probit modelling on data from an original repeated survey of Estonian creative R&D employees. The results indicate that high creative intensity of work is a strong predictor of an R&D employee being satisfied with flexible rather than fixed working schedules. Women and employees with less creative and more administrative tasks perceive more constraints on the timing of their work due to jealousy of colleagues and they are more likely to feel that their creativity is adversely affected by their working time arrangements. Employees with flexibility in both the timing and place of doing their work are significantly less likely to perceive working time related constraints on their creativity or jealousy of their colleagues as a restraint on their working time choices than are those with a fixed working time and place. The higher the salary level of the employee, the more likely they are to feel that the nature of their work constrains their working time choices. The study helps in understanding and alleviating restrictions on time-wise job autonomy that may have considerable adverse effects on how efficiently the intellectual capital of R&D employees is used.
Organizatsiia i deiatel'nost' militsii belykh pravitel'stv na territorii Rossii v period Grazhdanskoi voiny (1918-1921 gg.)
Authors: Ivanov Aleksei Alekseevich
Published: September 2018

The features of the organization and functioning of public order protection bodies of numerous white governments that existed on the territory of Russia during the Civil war and foreign intervention in 1918–1921 are considered. Particular attention is paid to the difficulties of recruitment of local police, the specificity of the crime situation from region to region.
Resursy istoriko-kul'turnogo turizma i ikh rol' v povyshenii obrazovatel'nogo i prosvetitel'nogo urovnia razlichnykh sloev naseleniia
Authors: Chibiliova Valentina Petrovna , Chibiliov Anton Aleksandrovich
Published: September 2018

This monograph describes the historical and cultural tourism resources of the Orenburg region, which have great potential for creation of unique historical and cultural centers and landscape parks, which simultaneously fulfill scientific, cultural, educational and tourist tasks. Historical and cultural tourism plays an important role in raising enlightenment and educational levels of both the individual and specific social groups in such aspects as the formation of aesthetic and ethical norms of perception of the surrounding natural and multicultural social world in order to obtain new information, experience and impressions to meet cultural needs.
WYZNACZENIE PIONOWOŚCI KOMINA Z ZASTOSOWANIEM SKANOWANIA LASEROWEGO
Authors: Piech Izabela , Kwoczyńska Bogusława , Łukaszewicz Szymon
Published: September 2018

W artykule przedstawiono aspekty wyznaczenia pionowości komina w oparciu o pomiary fotogrametryczne. Pomiary wykonano z wykorzystaniem skanera LeicaGeosystems, modelu Scan Station P40. Zakres prac obejmował pozyskanie i połączenie chmur punktów, a następnie opracowanie na ich podstawie modelu 3D.

Połączenie pojedynczych skanów wykonano z wykorzystaniem kul o średnicy 15 cm z dokładnością na poziomie 0,005 m. Pomiary wykonano z trzech stanowisk, po to, aby uzyskać maksymalną ilość informacji o badanym obiekcie. Modelowanie pozyskanych danych przeprowadzono w środowisku oprogramowania MicroStation.
BUDOWA PRZYDOMOWEJ OCZYSZCZALNI ŚCIEKÓW W ŚWIETLE WYBRANYCH PRZEPISÓW MIEJSCOWYCH PLANÓW ZAGOSPODAROWANIA PRZESTRZENNEGO I ORZECZNICTWA SĄDÓW ADMINISTRACYJNYCH
Authors: Jawecki Bartosz , Sobota Marcin , Pawęska Katarzyna
Published: September 2018

W pracy przedstawiono prawne aspekty budowy przydomowych oczyszczalni ścieków przede wszystkim w świetle przepisów miejscowych planów zagospodarowania przestrzennego, jak również w kontekście procesu budowlanego. Autorzy szczególną uwagę poświęcają orzeczeniom sądów administracyjnych wydanych na skutek toczących się postępowań administracyjnych o wydanie pozwolenia na budowę, jak i postępowań administracyjnych toczących się po złożeniu przez organ administracyjny sprzeciwu od zgłoszenia budowy przydomowej oczyszczalni ścieków. Sądy administracyjne w ramach sprawowanej kontroli w tym zakresie oceniały również postanowienia miejscowych planów zagospodarowania przestrzennego w kontekście dopuszczalności budowy przydomowych oczyszczalni ścieków. Ewentualne ograniczenia budowy przydomowych oczyszczalni ścieków stanowią wyjątek od zasady nienaruszalności prawa własności właściciela nieruchomości i z tego powodu winny być  w sposób szczególny uzasadnione. W takim przypadku względy ekonomiczne są w sposób oczywisty niewystarczające i tym samym każdy zakaz w tym zakresie winien być zgodny z konstytucyjna zasadą proporcjonalności.
ZNACZENIE HEURYSTYKI ZAKOTWICZENIA I DOSTOSOWANIA W PROCESIE WARTOŚCIOTWÓRCZYM NA RYNKU NIERUCHOMOŚCI
Authors: Brzezicka Justyna
Published: September 2018

Artykuł dotyczy heurystyki zakotwiczenia i dostosowania na rynku nieruchomości stanowiącej jedną z głównych heurystyk behawioralnych. W części teoretycznej opisano to zjawisko w odniesieniu do pierwotnej definicji, następnie wykazano jego znaczenie na rynku nieruchomości w procesie wartościotwórczym. Dokonano także egzemplifikacji wpływu zakotwiczenia i dostosowania na percepcję wartości nieruchomości na przykładach z literatury zagranicznej. Artykuł ma charakter badawczy, w części badawczej potwierdzono wystąpienie zjawiska zakotwiczenia i dostosowania na polskim rynku nieruchomości w procesach kreacji wartości na podstawie badań ankietowych.
OCENA PRZYDATNOŚCI DANYCH SKANOWANIA LASEROWEGO DO INWENTARYZACJI DRZEW ROSNĄCYCH POJEDYNCZO I W ZADRZEWIENIACH LINIOWYCH
Authors: Nowak Milena , Będkowski Krzysztof
Published: September 2018

Zadrzewienia są cennym elementem krajobrazu terenów rolnych. Ze względu na ich znaczenie krajobrazowe i ekologiczne, objęte są ochroną prawną. Utrzymywanie zadrzewień, jako jeden z wymogów dobrej kultury rolnej, jest również warunkiem do otrzymywania przez rolników dopłat do produkcji rolnej. W artykule omówiono możliwości wykorzystania dostępnych danych skanowania laserowego, pochodzących z projektu ISOK, do inwentaryzacji drzew. Porównano wyniki pomiarów wysokości drzew i szerokości ich koron na numerycznych modelach pokrycia terenu, opracowanych na podstawie danych ze skanowania laserowego z 2007 oraz 2015 r., z wynikami odpowiednich pomiarów terenowych. Stwierdzono, że ze względu na ograniczoną rozdzielczość modeli nie można dokładnie określić rozmiarów koron drzew. Analiza danych LiDAR pozwala jednakże ujawnić duże zmiany w stanie zadrzewień, co może być podstawą do przeprowadzenia inspekcji terenowej.
POTENCJAŁ RZEK JAKO ELEMENT ZRÓWNOWAŻONEJ POLITYKI MIEJSKIEJ – PRZYKŁAD BYDGOSZCZY
Authors: Rogatka Krzysztof , Kempa Agnieszka , Surmacewicz Maciej
Published: September 2018

Celem artykułu jest analiza potencjału rzek i jego wykorzystania w kontekście prowadzonej w Bydgoszczy polityki miejskiej. W badaniu przeanalizowano wpływ rzek na rozwój Bydgoszczy oraz możliwości wykorzystania potencjału trans-portowego i społeczno-gospodarczego wody. W Bydgoszczy znajduje się kilka cieków, m.in. Wisła, Brda, Kanał Bydgoski i Flis Północny – ich długość razem wynosi około 100 kilometrów. Od pewnego czasu obserwuje się „powrót miast nad wodę”, w tym także Bydgoszczy. Dlatego też rzeki wraz z terenami nadbrzeżnymi (waterfronty) są coraz częściej objęte działaniami rewitalizacyjnymi mającymi na celu nadanie im nowych funkcji w przestrzeni miejskiej. Stają się obiektem zainteresowania mieszkańców, tury-stów i inwestorów. W związku z tym odnowa waterfrontów stała się ważnym elementem polityki miejskiej wpisującym się w ideę zrównoważonego rozwoju, przemiany re-witalizacyjne czy nawet działania z zakresu tzw. smart city.
WPŁYW BUDOWY NOWEJ LINII TRAMWAJOWEJ W OLSZTYNIE NA ZMIANĘ DOSTĘPNOŚCI TRANSPORTEM ZBIOROWYM
Authors: Goliszek Sławomir , Połom Marcin
Published: September 2018

W artykule poruszono problem wpływu środków z UE na poprawę dostępności transportem miejskim, uznając iż inwestycje infrastrukturalne z dwóch perspektyw finansowych 2007–2013 i 2014–2020 będą jej głównym stymulatorem. Pierwszy analizowany okres badania przypadł na 2013 r. Następną analizę szczegółową wykonano dla 2016 r., wg stanu istniejącego sieci transportu publicznego, z uwzględnieniem wybudowanej sieci tramwajowej w ramach perspektywy finansowej UE na lata 2007–2013. W ostatnim badanym okresie, w 2020 r. uwzględniono planowane inwestycje usprawniające transport zbiorowy w Olsztynie, w wariancie podstawowym i rezerwowym. Zmiana dostępności komunikacyjnej w głównej mierze opiera się na liczbie ludności. W celu uzyskania wysokiego stopnia szczegółowości rozmieszczenia ludności do badania użyto danych z 926 obwodów spisowych GUS w Olsztynie z 2011 r. Spośród wszystkich obwodów spisowych zamieszkałych jest 881, a średnia liczba ludności jest zróżnicowana i wynosi od 3 do 633 osób, co sumarycznie daje liczbę mieszkańców Olsztyna na poziomie 174 tys. osób (w 2011 r.). W artykule wykorzystano dwie metody badawcze – dostępność mierzoną odległością ( ) i dostępność potencjałową ( ). Głównym celem pracy jest uchwycenie zmian dostępności dla rożnych lat, w wariancie po wykonaniu inwestycji (ewaluacja ex-post) i z uwzględnieniem planowanych inwestycji (ewaluacja ex-post) w wariancie podstawowym i rozszerzonym.
POZIOM ROZWOJU SPOŁECZNO-GOSPODARCZEGO A ŚREDNIE CENY GRUNTÓW ROLNYCH W POLSCE W LATACH 2009–2014
Authors: Prus Barbara , Dudzińska Małgorzata
Published: September 2018

Rozwój społeczno-gospodarczy definiowany jest w przestrzeni wielowymiarowej, a jego analiza wymaga znajomości licznych czynników m.in. ekonomicznych, opisujących struktury i mechanizmy funkcjonowania gospodarki, stan środowiska przyrodniczego, a także uwarunkowania demograficzne. Z drugiej strony, proces pozytywnych zmian ilościowych i jakościowych zachodzących w sferach społecznych, gospodarczych oraz produkcyjnych ma wpływ m.in. na kształtowanie się cen gruntów rolnych. Praca ma na celu próbę analizy i oceny zależności między poziomem rozwoju społeczno-gospodarczego a średnią ceną gruntów rolnych w Polsce w latach 2009–2014. Grunt rolny został skategoryzowany w grupach: dobry, średni oraz słaby. Badania zrealizowano w oparciu o dane statystyki publicznej (GUS), a także analizę literatury przedmiotu. Do badań wykorzystano metody statystyczne oraz metodę opisowo-porównawczą. Do określenia podobieństwa pomiędzy województwami w zakresie zależności poziomu rozwoju społeczno-gospodarczego oraz średnich cen gruntów rolnych posłużono się macierzą odległości euklidesowych oraz metodą taksonomii przestrzennej. Obszar badań obejmuje Polskę w podziale na województwa. Średnia cena gruntu rolnego przyjęta do analiz (według danych GUS) stanowi m.in. podstawę obliczania przez banki kredytów inwestycyjnych.