bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Organizational misbehaviors: construct review and hierarchical reflective model
Authors: Dadaboyev Sherzodbek Murodilla Ugli , Baek Yoonjung
Published: September 2022

Purpose

Organizational misbehavior (OMB) is a complex phenomenon for researchers and a major issue facing practitioners because of both its copious negative individual and organizational outcomes and its complexity. Researchers and practitioners are increasingly becoming aware of different types of work-related misbehaviors and their significant and costly consequences for both employees and organizations. OMB can take many forms, and a plethora of terms have been introduced to describe those OMBs. This article aims to review the constructs describing workplace misbehaviors in current organizational behavior literature.

Design/methodology/approach

The authors used a qualitative systematic review to organize OMB-related constructs.

Findings

This paper provides a review of workplace misbehavior constructs and a broader, more organized picture of OMB by developing a hierarchical reflective model. It highlights some challenges that the OMB literature needs to overcome.

Originality/value

Unlike previous review articles that primarily focused on workplace misbehaviors intended to cause harm or damage, this review includes misbehaviors intended to both damage and benefit.
Fibroblast growth factor 10 ameliorates renal ischaemia–reperfusion injury by attenuating mitochondrial damage
Authors: Yu Lixia , Yi Xiaojiao , Yu Cailong , Wang Fugen , Tan Xiaohua
Published: September 2022

Ischaemia–reperfusion (I/R) injury is one of the leading causes of acute kidney injury (AKI). Its pathologic mechanism is quite complex, involving oxidative stress, inflammatory response, autophagy, and apoptosis. Fibroblast growth factor 10 (FGF10) and 5‐hydroxydecanoate (5‐HD) play essential roles in kidney injury. Rats were divided into four groups: (i) sham group, sham‐operated animals with an unconstructed renal artery; (ii) I/R group, kidneys were subjected to 50 min of ischaemia followed by reperfusion for 2 days; (iii) I/R + FGF10 group, animals treated with 0.5 mg/kg FGF10 (i.p.) 1 h before ischaemia; and (iv) 5‐HD group, animals treated with 5 mg/kg 5‐HD (i.m.) 30 min before FGF10 treatment. Renal injury, apoptosis damage, mitochondrial oxidative damage, mitochondrial membrane potential (MMP), and expression of the ATP‐sensitive K+ (KATP) channel subunit Kir6.2 were evaluated. FGF10 treatment significantly alleviated I/R‐induced elevation in the serum creatinine level and the number of terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase‐mediated dUTP nick‐end labelling–positive tubular cells in the kidney. In addition, FGF10 dramatically ameliorated renal mitochondrial‐related damage, including reducing mitochondrial‐dependent apoptosis, alleviating oxidative stress, maintaining the mitochondrial membrane potential, and opening the mitochondrial KATP channels. The protective effect of FGF10 was significantly compromised by the ATP‐dependent potassium channel blocker 5‐HD. Our data suggest that FGF10 offers effective protection against I/R and improves animal survival by attenuating mitochondrial damage.
Calling an ambulance for non‐emergency medical situations: Results of a cross‐sectional online survey from an Australian nationally representative sample
Authors: Mills Brennen , Hill Michella , Miles Alecka , Smith Erin , Afrifa‐Yamoah Eben , Reid David , Rogers Shane , Sim Moira
Published: September 2022

Objective

To investigate the Australian general public's perception of appropriate medical scenarios that warrants a call to an emergency ambulance.

Methods

An online survey asked participants to identify the likely medical treatment pathway they would take for 17 hypothetical medical scenarios. The number and type of non‐emergency scenarios (n = 8) participants incorrectly suggested were appropriate to place a call for an emergency ambulance were calculated. Participants included Australian residents (aged >18 years) who had never worked as an Australian registered medical doctor, nurse or paramedic.

Results

From a sample of 5264 participants, 40% suggested calling an emergency ambulance for a woman in routine labour was appropriate. Other medical scenarios which were most suggested by participants to warrant an emergency ambulance call was ‘Lego in ear canal’ (11%), ‘Older person bruising’ (8%) and ‘Flu’ (7%). Women, people aged 56+ years, those without a university qualification, with lower household income and with lower emotional wellbeing were more likely to suggest calling an emergency ambulance was appropriate for non‐emergency scenarios.

Conclusions

Although emergency healthcare system (EHS) capacity not increasing at the same rate as demand is the biggest contributor to EHS burden, non‐urgent medical situations for which other low‐acuity healthcare pathways may be appropriate does play a small role in adding to the overburdening of the EHS. This present study outlines a series of complaints and demographic characteristics that would benefit from targeted educational interventions that may aid in alleviating ambulance service attendances to low‐acuity callouts.
Elevated neutrophil‐to‐lymphocyte ratio (NLR) is associated with poorer progression‐free survival in unresectable stage III NSCLC treated with consolidation durvalumab
Authors: Nindra Udit , Shahnam Adel , Stevens Samuel , Pal Abhijit , Nagrial Adnan , Lee Jenny , Yip Po Yee , Adam Tamiem , Boyer Michael , Kao Steven , Bray Victoria
Published: September 2022

Sustained elevation in neutrophil‐to‐lymphocyte ratio (NLR) after initial chemoradiotherapy (CRT) has been shown to correlate with worse prognosis in a number of solid organ malignancies. Here, we conducted a retrospective observational cohort study involving six sites across Sydney, Australia, including all patients with unresectable stage III NSCLC treated with CRT and consolidation durvalumab between January 2018 and September 2021. Patients had NLR collected prior to CRT and prior to cycle one of durvalumab. We used an NLR value of 3 to stratify patients into high and low groups. Patients with sustained NLR were defined as those with values ≥3 at both timepoints. A total of 145 patients were included in the study. The median age of patients was 66 years with median follow‐up of 15.1 months. The median PFS was 17.6 months in the pre‐CRT NLR high cohort and not reached (NR) in the pre‐CRT NLR low cohort (HR 1.99; p = 0.01). The median OS was 35.5 months in the high pre‐CRT NLR cohort compared with 42.0 months in the low pre‐CRT NLR cohort (HR 2.62; 95% CI: 1.23–5.56, p < 0.01). Median PFS for sustained NLR elevation was 17.1 months versus NR (HR 1.5; p < 0.01). Pre‐CRT NLR and sustained NLR remained independently prognostic for PFS on multivariate analysis (p = 0.04, p = 0.01) respectively. Pre‐CRT NLR and sustained NLR is associated with worse PFS outcomes in unresectable stage III NSCLC treated with CRT and durvalumab. Pre‐CRT NLR is also associated with worse OS.
Preparing for obstetric anaesthesia—An educational randomised controlled trial comparing e‐learning to written course material
Authors: Andersson Mette Legaard , Duch Patricia , Bessmann Ebbe Lahn , Lundstrøm Lars Hyldborg , Ekelund Kim
Published: September 2022

Background

E‐learning is increasingly used in postgraduate medical education. Its numerous benefits include an enhanced learning experience through learning style individualisation, interactive elements, and assessment through tests and quizzes. Current meta‐analyses conclude that the overall effectiveness of e‐learning is comparable to traditional teaching modalities. However, studies demonstrating its benefits are heterogeneous and of varying quality. This randomised controlled trial aims to investigate whether contemporary e‐learning completed prior to a course in obstetric anaesthesia prepares the course participants better than self‐study of written course material.

Methods

A randomised controlled trial allocated second‐year resident anaesthetists to receive either e‐learning in postpartum haemorrhage and written course material in preeclampsia or e‐learning in preeclampsia and written course material in postpartum haemorrhage, prior to a compulsory course in obstetric anaesthesia. The primary outcome was knowledge after completion of e‐learning before the course, assessed by type X multiple‐choice questions with a score ranging from zero to 35.

The secondary outcomes were anxiety level before course simulations, performance during course simulations, and knowledge four and 12 weeks after the course.

Results

The per protocol analysis of the primary outcome included 45 participants and demonstrated a mean difference of 1.8 (95% CI 0.7–2.9; p = .002) in knowledge after completion of e‐learning before the course, in favour of e‐learning compared to written course material. There were no statistically significant differences in the secondary outcomes.

Conclusion

This blinded parallel group randomised controlled trial found a numerically small but statistically significant difference in knowledge favouring e‐learning over written course material.
Impact of hyperoxia and phenylephrine on cerebral oxygenation: An experimental clinical study
Authors: Pedersen Sofie S. , Meyhoff Christian S. , Olsen Markus Harboe , Stisen Zara R. , Lund Anton , Møller Kirsten , Skjøth‐Rasmussen Jane , Moltke Finn B. , Sørensen Martin Kryspin
Published: September 2022

Background

Oxygen supply to the brain is of special importance during intracranial surgery because it may be compromised by intracranial pathology. A high arterial blood pressure (mean arterial pressure above 80 mmHg) and a high arterial oxygen tension (PaO2 above 12 kPa) is therefore often targeted in these patients, when for example intracranial pressure is increased or when a mass effect on brain tissue from a tumour is present, and it is pursued by administering vasopressors such as phenylephrine and by increasing inspiratory oxygen fraction (FiO2). However, whether these interventions increase cerebral oxygenation remains uncertain. We aimed to investigate the effect of hyperoxia and phenylephrine on brain tissue oxygen tension (PbtO2) in patients undergoing craniotomy.

Methods

In this experimental study, we included 17 adult patients scheduled for elective craniotomy. After securing a stable baseline of the oxygen probe, PbtO2 was measured in white matter peripherally in the surgical field during general anaesthesia. Primary comparisons were PbtO2 before versus after an increase in FiO2 from 0.30 to 0.80 as well as before versus after a bolus dose of phenylephrine (0.1–0.2 mg depending on patient haemodynamics). Data were analysed with the Wilcoxon signed rank test.

Results

We obtained complete data sets in 11 patients undergoing the FiO2 increase and six patients receiving the phenylephrine bolus. PbtO2 was 22 (median; 5%–95% range, 4.6–54) mmHg during 30% oxygen, 68 (8.4–99) mmHg during 80% oxygen (p = .004 compared to 30% oxygen), 21 (4.5–81) mmHg before phenylephrine, and 19 (4.2–56) mmHg after phenylephrine (p = .56 compared to before phenylephrine).

Conclusion

In patients undergoing craniotomy under general anaesthesia, brain tissue oxygen tension increased with a high inspiratory oxygen fraction but remained unchanged after a bolus dose of phenylephrine.
Ease and comfort of pre‐oxygenation with high‐flow nasal oxygen cannulae vs. facemask: a randomised controlled trial
Authors: Merry A. F. , van Waart H. , Allen S. J. , Baker P. A. , Cumin D. , Frampton C. M. A. , Gargiulo D. A. , Hannam J. A. , Keogh G. F. , Moore M. R. , Payton M. , Mitchell S. J.
Published: September 2022

The Difficult Airway Society recommends that all patients should be pre‐oxygenated before the induction of general anaesthesia, but this may not always be easy or comfortable and anaesthesia may often be induced without full pre‐oxygenation. We tested the hypothesis that high‐flow nasal oxygen cannulae would be easier and more comfortable than facemasks for pre‐oxygenation. We randomly allocated 199 patients undergoing elective surgery aged ≥ 10 years to pre‐oxygenation using either high‐flow nasal oxygen or facemask. Ease and comfort were assessed by anaesthetists and patients on 10‐cm visual analogue scale and six‐point smiley face scale, respectively. Secondary endpoints included end‐tidal oxygen fraction after securing a definitive airway and time to secure an airway. A mean difference (95%CI) between groups in ratings of ‐0.76 (‐1.25 to ‐0.27) cm for ease of use (p = 0.003) and ‐0.45 (‐0.75 to ‐0.13) points for comfort (p = 0.006), both favoured high‐flow nasal oxygen. A mean difference (95%CI) between groups in end‐tidal oxygen fraction of 3.89% (2.41–5.37%) after securing a definitive airway also favoured high‐flow nasal oxygen (p < 0.001). There was no significant difference between groups in the number of patients with hypoxaemia (SpO2 < 90%) or severe hypoxaemia (SpO2 < 85%) lasting ≥ 1 min or ≥ 2 min; in the proportion of patients with an end‐tidal oxygen fraction < 87% in the first 5 min after tracheal intubation (52.2% vs. 58.9% in facemask and high‐flow nasal oxygen groups, respectively; p = 0.31); or in time taken to secure an airway (11.6 vs. 12.2 min in facemask and high‐flow nasal oxygen groups, respectively; p = 0.65). In conclusion, we found pre‐oxygenation with high‐flow nasal oxygen to be easier for anaesthetists and more comfortable for patients than pre‐oxygenation with a facemask, with no clinically relevant differences in end‐tidal oxygen fraction after securing a definitive airway or time to secure an airway. The differences in ease and comfort were modest.
Methods of the 7th National Audit Project (NAP7) of the Royal College of Anaesthetists: peri‐operative cardiac arrest
Authors: Kane A. D. , Armstrong R. A. , Kursumovic E. , Cook T. M. , Oglesby F. C. , Cortes L. , Moppett I. K. , Moonesinghe S. R. , Agarwal S. , Bouch D. C. , Cordingley J. , Davies M. T. , Dorey J. , Finney S. J. , Kunst G. , Lucas D. N. , Nickols G. , Mouton R. , Nolan J. P. , Patel B. , Pappachan V. J. , Plaat F. , Samuel K. , Scholefield B. R. , Smith J. H. , Varney L. , Vindrola‐Padros C. , Martin S. , Wain E. C. , Kendall S. W. , Ward S. , Drake S. , Lourtie J. , Taylor C. , Soar J.
Published: September 2022

Cardiac arrest in the peri‐operative period is rare but associated with significant morbidity and mortality. Current reporting systems do not capture many such events, so there is an incomplete understanding of incidence and outcomes. As peri‐operative cardiac arrest is rare, many hospitals may only see a small number of cases over long periods, and anaesthetists may not be involved in such cases for years. Therefore, a large‐scale prospective cohort is needed to gain a deep understanding of events leading up to cardiac arrest, management of the arrest itself and patient outcomes. Consequently, the Royal College of Anaesthetists chose peri‐operative cardiac arrest as the 7th National Audit Project topic. The study was open to all UK hospitals offering anaesthetic services and had a three‐part design. First, baseline surveys of all anaesthetic departments and anaesthetists in the UK, examining respondents' prior peri‐operative cardiac arrest experience, resuscitation training and local departmental preparedness. Second, an activity survey to record anonymised details of all anaesthetic activity in each site over 4 days, enabling national estimates of annual anaesthetic activity, complexity and complication rates. Third, a case registry of all instances of peri‐operative cardiac arrest in the UK, reported confidentially and anonymously, over 1 year starting 16 June 2021, followed by expert review using a structured process to minimise bias. The definition of peri‐operative cardiac arrest was the delivery of five or more chest compressions and/or defibrillation in a patient having a procedure under the care of an anaesthetist. The peri‐operative period began with the World Health Organization ‘sign‐in’ checklist or first hands‐on contact with the patient and ended either 24 h after the patient handover (e.g. to the recovery room or intensive care unit) or at discharge if this occured earlier than 24 h. These components described the epidemiology of peri‐operative cardiac arrest in the UK and provide a basis for developing guidelines and interventional studies.
SupportiNg operAtive Photographic documentation in ileocolonic CROHN's disease surgery: The SNAPCROHN study
Authors: Celentano Valerio , Adamina Michel , Spinelli Antonino , Fleshner Phillip , Pellino Gianluca , Mineccia Michela , Selvaggi Francesco , Svrcek Magali , Tozer Phil , Espin‐Basany Eloy , Hancock Laura , Faiz Omar , Coffey Calvin J. , Sampietro Gianluca
Published: September 2022

Background

There are reported variations in the intraoperative management of Crohn's disease. This consensus statement aimed to develop a standardised protocol for photographic documentation of intraoperative findings and critical procedural steps in ileocolonic Crohn's disease surgery.

Methods

Colorectal surgeons with a specialist interest in minimally invasive surgery and inflammatory bowel disease were invited as committee members to develop a survey on the use of photo‐documentation in Crohn's disease surgery. A 15 item survey was developed on ethical considerations and applications of photo‐documentation in audit and quality control, research, and training.

Results

There was strong agreement on the potential application of intraoperative photo‐documentation in Crohn's disease for training, research, quality control and tertiary referrals. Reviewers agreed that intraoperative staging required photo‐documentation of strictures, skip lesions, perforations, fat wrapping and mesenteric disease. The necessary steps to be photo‐documented were very specific to Crohn's disease surgery, such as views of anastomosis and strictureplasties, and extent of resection(s).

Conclusions

Our consensus statement identified several items for appropriate intraoperative photo‐documentation in Crohn's disease surgery, to be used as an adjunct to accurate annotation of intraoperative findings and procedures.
Modularity in the trilobite head consistent with the hypothesized segmental origin of the eyes
Authors: Vargas‐Parra Ernesto E. , Hopkins Melanie J.
Published: September 2022

The trilobite head served multiple functions and was composed of several fused segments. Yet, the underlying organization of the trilobite head, and whether patterns are conserved across trilobites, remains unclear. Modeling the head as being composed of modules, or subunits that vary and thus have the potential to evolve semi‐independently can reveal underlying patterns of organization. Hypotheses of modular organization based on the comparative developmental biology of arthropods were evaluated using geometric morphometrics. Two‐dimensional (semi)landmark datasets collected from the cranidia of two Ordovician trilobite species, Calyptaulax annulata (Phacopida) and Cloacaspis senilis (Olenida sensu Adrain, 2011) were analyzed. The degree and pattern of modularity were assessed using the covariance ratio (CR), which compares the covariation within putative modules to the covariation between them, and the fit of different models was compared using an effect size measure derived from the CR. When treating the eyes as a distinct module, the best modular hypothesis identified for C. annulata shows the eyes and anteriormost region of the head integrated as a single module. The best modular hypotheses for C. senilis are more complex but the eyes still covary mostly strongly with the anterior part of the head. The latter is also the case for all other well‐supported models for both species. These results can be interpreted as a developmental signal corresponding to the anteriormost ocular segment of early arthropods that is retained throughout development, despite any likely selective pressures related to functional needs.
Caecocolic ligament hypoplasia in a Thoroughbred filly with volvulus of the large colon
Authors: Kreutzfeldt Nicole , O'Brien Etienne , Schofield Warren
Published: September 2022

An 11‐month‐old Thoroughbred filly was referred to the hospital with signs of severe abdominal pain unresponsive to medical treatment. Upon arrival, the filly had a heart rate of 60 beats/min, pink mucous membranes and continued to show severe colic signs despite sedation. Due to the severity of colic signs, general anaesthesia was induced immediately. Exploratory celiotomy revealed a large colon volvulus of more than 360 degrees and hypoplasia of the caecocolic ligament between the caecum and right dorsal colon. The large colon volvulus was corrected, and the filly recovered uneventfully from general anaesthesia. Post‐operative treatment included intravenous fluids and intravenous lidocaine continuous rate infusion, parenteral nutrition, systemic antibiotics, nonsteroidal anti‐inflammatories, gastroprotectants and restricted feeding. The filly experienced several post‐operative complications associated with severe enterocolitis including pyrexia, leukopenia and diarrhoea but made a full recovery and was discharged to the farm after 16 days of hospitalisation. Long‐term follow‐up was available for 22 months after surgery without further reports of colic and the filly had entered race training. Hypoplasia of the caecocolic ligament in association with colic in horses has rarely been reported in the equine literature. To date, only two further case reports of young horses with large colon volvulus and hypoplasia of the caecocolic ligament have been published. In contrast to the presenting case, several other mesenteric abnormalities were present in these two cases in addition to the hypoplastic caecocolic ligament and both horses were eventually euthanised. The pathogenesis of hypoplasia of the caecocolic ligament remains unclear but may include the disruption of early stages of embryogenesis. An abnormal caecocolic ligament has been suggested to potentially predispose horses to large colon volvulus. The presenting case indicates that as an isolated abnormality, a hypoplastic caecocolic ligament may not result in reduced long‐term survival in horses with large colon volvulus.
TRIM27is an autophagy substrate facilitating mitochondria clustering and mitophagy via phosphorylatedTBK1
Authors: Garcia‐Garcia Juncal , Berge Anne Kristin McLaren , Overå Katrine Stange , Larsen Kenneth Bowitz , Bhujabal Zambarlal , Brech Andreas , Abudu Yakubu Princely , Lamark Trond , Johansen Terje , Sjøttem Eva
Published: September 2022

Tripartite motif‐containing protein 27 (TRIM27/also called RFP) is a multifunctional ubiquitin E3 ligase involved in numerous cellular functions, such as proliferation, apoptosis, regulation of the NF‐kB pathway, endosomal recycling and the innate immune response. TRIM27 interacts directly with TANK‐binding kinase 1 (TBK1) and regulates its stability. TBK1 in complex with autophagy receptors is recruited to ubiquitin chains assembled on the mitochondrial outer membrane promoting mitophagy. Here, we identify TRIM27 as an autophagy substrate, depending on ATG7, ATG9 and autophagy receptors for its lysosomal degradation. We show that TRIM27 forms ubiquitylated cytoplasmic bodies that co‐localize with autophagy receptors. Surprisingly, we observed that induced expression of EGFP‐TRIM27 in HEK293 FlpIn TRIM27 knockout cells mediates mitochondrial clustering. TRIM27 interacts with autophagy receptor SQSTM1/p62, and the TRIM27‐mediated mitochondrial clustering is facilitated by SQSTM/p62. We show that phosphorylated TBK1 is recruited to the clustered mitochondria. Moreover, induced mitophagy activity is reduced in HEK293 FlpIn TRIM27 knockout cells, while re‐introduction of EGFP‐TRIM27 completely restores the mitophagy activity. Inhibition of TBK1 reduces mitophagy in HEK293 FlpIn cells and in the reconstituted EGFP‐TRIM27‐expressing cells, but not in HEK293 FlpIn TRIM27 knockout cells. Altogether, these data reveal novel roles for TRIM27 in mitophagy, facilitating mitochondrial clustering via SQSTM1/p62 and mitophagy via stabilization of phosphorylated TBK1 on mitochondria.
Screening for inattention, hyperactivity and impulsivity in children with haemophilia: A quality improvement intervention
Authors: Boggs Jacklyn E. , Pullen Amanda , Molnar Andrew E. , Hodges Jason , Reiss Ulrike M.
Published: September 2022

Introduction

Children with haemophilia have been reported with increased rates of inattention (IN) and hyperactivity/impulsivity (HI) and, therefore, are particularly vulnerable to poor social and academic outcomes.

Aim

To examine the benefit of utilizing a formal screening process for IN/HI in children with haemophilia during comprehensive clinic visits using a quality improvement approach.

Methods

At a single haemophilia treatment centre, screening for psychosocial issues was expanded and formalised to include (1) the Conners 3rd Edition (Conners3) screening tool for IN/HI symptoms administered during the standard psychosocial assessment (SPA) by the social worker and school advocacy coordinator, (2) formal pathways to diagnosis and intervention as indicated including psychology consultation, psychological testing, or referral to community‐based mental health professionals, and in‐person advocacy assistance in the patient's community school.

Results

Forty‐four patients, age 9.9 ± 4.8 years (range 3–16) were targeted. The initial screening approach was modified to improve the communication with caretakers during assessments and streamline diagnostic pathways if no, moderate or significant behavioural concerns were identified. Eleven patients had pre‐existing mental health diagnoses. Thirteen of the remaining 33 patients (39.4%) received a new mental health diagnosis, ADHD in 8/33 (24.2%). Of the total cohort, 54.5% were found to have a mental health diagnosis. The rate of ADHD (29.5%) was significantly higher than reported in the general population.

Conclusion

The described process, developed through a QI approach, allowed formal and objective screening for IN/HI, streamlined a pathway to diagnosis and intervention, and identified undiagnosed disabilities in children with haemophilia improving their access to services.
Impact of cold storage followed by drying of mashua tuber (Tropaeolum tuberosum) on the glucosinolate content and their transformation products
Authors: Aguilar‐Galvez Ana , García‐Ríos Diego , Lindo Johana , Ramírez‐Guzmán Daniel , Chirinos Rosana , Pedreschi Romina , Campos David
Published: September 2022

Mashua (Tropaeolum tuberosum), an Andean crop used in traditional medicine, has become of interest due to its phytochemicals specifically glucosinolates (GLS). Little is known about the impacts of cold storage and drying processing operations on the GLS composition of mashua‐derived products. This work evaluated the changes in GLS content and profile, derived from GLS biotransformation and myrosinase activity content, during controlled postharvest cold storage (12 °C and 80% RH) and after drying (60 °C and 1.8 m s−1). The GLS content reached its maximum value after 10 days of postharvest cold storage. The derivatives detected were 4‐Methoxybenzyl isothiocyanate, 4‐methoxy Benzeneacetonitrile, 4‐Methoxybenzyl alcohol methyl ether, Benzyl isothiocyanate and Benzeneacetaldehyde. The processing of tubers into flour resulted in significant GLS losses of 38%–87% compared with the respective cold storage treatment. Myrosinase activity showed no correlation with the content and type of GLS and low correlation with isothiocyanates and nitriles present. Our results revealed that drying conditions must be controlled to maintain GLS concentration in the final product.
The complement alternative pathway in paroxysmal nocturnal hemoglobinuria: From a pathogenic mechanism to a therapeutic target
Authors: Risitano Antonio M. , Frieri Camilla , Urciuoli Eleonora , Marano Luana
Published: September 2022

Paroxysmal nocturnal hemoglobinuria (PNH) is a rare clonal, not malignant, hematological disease characterized by intravascular hemolysis, thrombophilia and bone marrow failure. While this latter presentation is due to a T‐cell mediated auto‐immune disorder resembling acquired aplastic anemia, the first two clinical presentations are largely driven by the complement pathway. Indeed, PNH is characterized by a broad impairment of complement regulation on affected cells, which is due to the lack of the complement regulators CD55 and CD59. The deficiency of these two proteins from PNH blood cells is due to the somatic mutation in the phosphatidylinositol N‐acetylglucosaminyltransferase subunit A gene causing the disease, which impairs the surface expression of all proteins linked via the glycosylphosphatidylinositol anchor. The lack of the complement regulators CD55 and CD59 on PNH erythrocytes accounts for the hallmark of PNH, which is the chronic, complement‐mediated intravascular hemolysis. This hemolysis results from the impaired regulation of the alternative pathway upstream in the complement cascade, as well as of the downstream terminal pathway. PNH represented the first indication for the development of anti‐complement agents, and the therapeutic interception of the complement cascade at the level of C5 led to remarkable changes in the natural history of the disease. Nevertheless, the clinical use of an inhibitor of the terminal pathway highlighted the broader derangement of complement regulation in PNH, shedding light on the pivotal role of the complement alternative pathway. Here we review the current understanding of the role of the alternative pathway in PNH, including the emergence of C3‐mediated extravascular hemolysis in PNH patients on anti‐C5 therapies. These observations provide the rationale for the development of novel complement inhibitors for the treatment of PNH. Recent preclinical and clinical data on proximal complement inhibitors intercepting the alternative pathway with the aim of improving the treatment of PNH are discussed, together with their clinical implications which are animating a lively debate in the scientific community.
A meta‐analysis on the efficacy of vacuum sealing drainage combined with autologous platelet‐rich plasma in the treatment of Grade 2 and Grade 3 diabetic foot ulcers
Authors: Yin Xiao‐Ling , Hu Ling , Li Ting , Zou Yi , Li Hong‐lin
Published: September 2022

This meta‐analysis aims to systemically evaluate the efficacy of vacuum sealing drainage (VSD) combined with autologous platelet‐rich plasma (PRP) in the treatment of diabetic foot ulcers (DFU). The China HowNet, China Biomedical Literature, VIP periodical resource integration service platform, Wanfang, Embase, Cochrane Central, and PubMed databases were retrieved using the computer. The retrieval period was up to July 2021. Randomised controlled trials on VSD combined with PRP in the treatment of DFU were collected. Those trials that met the inclusion criteria were included for meta‐analysis using RevMan 5.3 software. A total of 13 articles were included. In the trial group, 477 patients with DFU were treated with VSD combined with PRP, while in the control group, 482 patients with DFU were treated with conventional dressings and/or VSD. The meta‐analysis showed that, compared with the control group, VSD combined with PRP has significant advantages in shortening healing time (standardised mean difference [SMD] = −0.87, 95% confidence interval [CI]: −1.07 to −0.67, P < .00001), improving ulcer healing rates (odds ratio = 4.01, 95% CI: 2.95 ~ 5.46, P < .00001), and reducing hospital stays (mean difference = −15.29, 95% CI: −16.05 to −14.54, P < .00001), but the differences in dressing change times (SMD = −1.27, 95% CI: −2.71 to 0.17, P = .08) and hospitalisation expenses (SMD = −0.16, 95% CI: −13.40 to 13.07, P = .98) were not statistically significant. VSD combined with autologous PRP has good curative efficacy in the treatment of DFU and is a better treatment option. However, this treatment is limited in patients with platelet dysfunction, thrombocytopenia, leukaemia, and poor general condition.
‘Is This Really Europe?’ Migration, Social Practice and the Performance of Global Citizenship
Authors: Vella Raphael
Published: September 2022

A socially engaged art project conducted in Malta in 2021 brought together a group of participants from different sub‐Saharan African countries with artists and researchers to promote civic engagement and cultural inclusion and understand how participants' ideas could be promoted and discussed beyond the workshop. This article addresses one of the project's central themes – citizenship – and argues that democratic participation is enacted in the actual processes of social practice in art. Informed by the principles of Global Citizenship Education, the article highlights its references to human solidarity, empathy and sustainable development and distinguishes them from a notion of citizenship that is framed within the legal, political and physical boundaries of the nation‐state. While the segregation of non‐citizens in contexts like this can interfere with the development of voices of resistance and a sense of agency among migrants, the article explains how principles of Global Citizenship Education can enrich socially engaged practices in art and education by subverting fixed citizen identities in the performance of pedagogical processes and acts of presentation.
Financial statement comparability and accounting fraud
Authors: Blanco Belen , Dhole Sandip , Gul Ferdinand A.
Published: September 2022

We examine the association between financial statement comparability and the likelihood of accounting fraud. Prior research documents a negative association between the quality of a firm's reporting environment and accounting fraud. We build on this literature and show that poor financial statement comparability is associated with a greater likelihood of accounting fraud. We also find that accounting comparability declines over time as the year of fraud detection approaches and that the association between comparability and fraud becomes more negative over this time. In addition, we find that financial statement comparability improves after fraud detection, consistent with the notion that managers improve their financial reporting quality after fraud.
CaMKII orchestrates endoplasmic reticulum stress and apoptosis in doxorubicin‐induced cardiotoxicity by regulating the IRE1α/XBP1s pathway
Authors: Kong Lingheng , Zhang Yimeng , Ning Jiayi , Xu Chennian , Wang Zhenyi , Yang Jian , Yang Lifang
Published: September 2022

Doxorubicin (Dox), an anthracycline antibiotic with potent antitumor effects, has limited clinical applications due to cumulative cardiotoxicity. Ca2+/calmodulin‐dependent protein kinase II (CaMKII) is implicated in the pathological progression of Dox‐induced cardiotoxicity. This study examined the hypothesis that CaMKII exacerbates Dox‐induced cardiotoxicity by promoting endoplasmic reticulum stress and apoptosis through regulation of the inositol‐requiring enzyme 1α (IRE1α)/spliced X‐box binding protein 1 (XBP1s) pathway. Our results demonstrated that CaMKII activation and IRE1α/XBP1s pathway were involved in Dox‐treated hearts. CaMKII inhibition with KN‐93 ameliorated Dox‐induced cardiac dysfunction and pathological myocardial changes. In addition, CaMKII inhibition prevented Dox‐induced endoplasmic reticulum stress and apoptosis. Moreover, CaMKII inhibition increased the expression of IRE1α and XBP1s in Dox‐treated hearts. The IRE1α inhibitor 4μ8C blocked the protective effect of CaMKII inhibition against Dox‐induced cardiotoxicity. Mechanistically, 4μ8C prevented the effects of CaMKII inhibition on Dox‐induced endoplasmic reticulum stress and apoptosis by inhibiting the expression of IRE1α and XBP1s. Additionally, treatment with rhADAMTS13 decreased the protein level of thrombospondin 1 (TSP1) and the phosphorylation of CaMKII in Dox‐treated human AC16 cardiomyocytes. Taken together, these results demonstrate that the ADAMTS13‐TSP1 axis regulates CaMKII activation and exacerbates Dox‐induced cardiotoxicity by triggering endoplasmic reticulum stress and apoptosis by inhibiting the IRE1α/XBP1s pathway.
Comprehensive geriatric assessment: Valuation and patient preferences in older Japanese adults with cancer
Authors: Nishijima Tomohiro F. , Shimokawa Mototsugu , Esaki Taito , Morita Masaru , Toh Yasushi , Muss Hyman B.
Published: September 2022

Background

Current guidelines recommend a comprehensive geriatric assessment (CGA) for the management of older adults with cancer. We evaluated the effect of CGA conducted by a geriatric oncology service (GOS) on the management of older adults with cancer. We also queried patients about their perceptions of the value of this process.

Methods

This was a prospective quality assessment study of 498 consecutive older adults with cancer who were referred to the GOS from May 2020 through December 2021. Treating physicians requested a consultation and the GOS conducted a CGA and assessed patient preferences. The GOS provided recommendations on cancer treatment and geriatric interventions. Patient perspectives on the consultation were evaluated using collaboRATE and modified Patient Assessment of Care for Chronic Conditions (PACIC) subscales.

Results

A 10‐item frailty index based on a CGA (FI‐CGA‐10) [Oncologist, 26, e1751 (2021)] in the 498 patients showed that 19% of patients were fit, 40% pre‐frail, and 41% frail. Prior to CGA the intent of the proposed cancer treatment was curative in 56% (n = 280), life‐extending in 40% (n = 201), and palliative in 3.4% (n = 17). After a CGA consultation, a cancer treatment decision was changed in 45% of patients. The intent of treatment after the CGA consultation was curative in 45%, life‐extending in 34%, and palliative in 21%. At least one referral to relevant disciplines was recommended for 88% of patients and was implemented in 43%. As part of the GOS consultation educational support was provided to 97% of patients. Based on the collaboRATE and PACIC tools, patients perceived the GOS consultation positively and helpful for facilitating shared decision‐making and patient‐centered care.

Conclusion

Our institutional experience demonstrated the valuable effect of the CGA consultation on oncologic decision‐making and geriatric interventions in a patient‐centered manner.
The effects of effort‐reward imbalance on emergency nurses' turnover intention: The mediating role of depressive symptoms
Authors: Fei Yang , Fu Wenning , Zhang Zeyu , Jiang Nan , Yin Xiaoxv
Published: September 2022

Objectives

This study investigated the effects of effort‐reward imbalance (ERI) on emergency nurses' turnover intention and the role of depressive symptoms between ERI and turnover intention.

Background

Turnover intention is crucial for clinical practice due to its relationship with turnover behaviour and destructive effect on stability of nursing staff. The ERI is a mainstream model to explain job stress, which seems to be one of the key variables, but the direct evidence is not adequate. In addition, there have been only a few studies looking into the complexity of the relationship between ERI and turnover intention, and more research is needed.

Methods

This is a cross‐sectional study conducted from July to August 2018, and the Strengthening the Reporting of Observational Studies in Epidemiology (STROBE) guidelines were followed. We employed a standardised questionnaire to collect sociodemographic information and target turnover intention. Hierarchical multiple logistic regression and mediation analyses were performed for the data analyses.

Results

This study included responses from 17,582 emergency nurses in China. On turnover intention, ERI exerted both direct effect and indirect mediating effect. The results also indicate that depressive symptoms partially mediated the effect of ERI on turnover intention, and that 27.4% of this effect can be explained by mediating effects.

Conclusions

To improve the turnover intention, it is necessary to consider reducing ERI and depressive symptoms of emergency nurses as powerful measures not to be ignored.

Relevance to Clinical Practice

This study provides important insights regarding how nursing administrators should better reduce the workload of caregivers and improve depressive symptoms to avoid turnover intention.
Impact of obesity on robotic‐assisted surgery in patients with stage IA endometrial cancer and a low risk of recurrence: An institutional study
Authors: Asanoma Kazuo , Yahata Hideaki , Okugawa Kaoru , Ohgami Tatsuhiro , Yasunaga Masafumi , Kodama Keisuke , Onoyama Ichiro , Kenjo Hironori , Shimokawa Mototsugu , Kato Kiyoko
Published: September 2022

Aim

Westernization of lifestyle has increased the numbers of patients with endometrial cancer and obesity. This study aimed to compare the clinical outcomes of robotic‐assisted surgery according to whether patients are obese, morbidly obese, or nonobese.

Methods

Sixty‐three patients with endometrial cancer who underwent robotic‐assisted surgery between March 2014 and June 2022 were categorized according to whether they had a body mass index (BMI) <30 (group A, nonobese, n = 40), ≥30 and <35 (group B, obese, n = 13), or ≥35 (group C, morbidly obese, n = 10). Operation time, blood loss, perioperative complications, and recurrence rate were investigated.

Results

Conversion to laparotomy was required in one case in group A and one in group C. There was no difference in total operation time, time for setting (including trocar installation and docking of the da Vinci robot), console time, or time for wound closure between the groups; however, there was a significant between‐group difference in the total time for setting and wound closure. There was no significant difference in blood loss or complications between the groups. Three patients in group A and two in group B received adjuvant treatment; none have shown evidence of recurrent disease during a mean observation time of 21 months (range, 2–29). Two cases in group A and one in group B had recurrence during a mean observation time of 38 months (range, 19–46).

Conclusion

Patients with endometrial cancer who are obese can be treated safely by robotic‐assisted surgery with a low risk of complications and few relapses.
Malmö POTS symptom score: Assessing symptom burden in postural orthostatic tachycardia syndrome
Authors: Spahic Jasmina Medic , Hamrefors Viktor , Johansson Madeleine , Ricci Fabrizio , Melander Olle , Sutton Richard , Fedorowski Artur
Published: September 2022

Background

Postural orthostatic tachycardia syndrome (POTS) is a common cardiovascular autonomic disorder characterized by excessive heart rate (HR) increase on standing and symptoms of orthostatic intolerance, posing significant limitations on functional capacity. No objective tool exists to classify symptom burden in POTS.

Methods

We conducted a case–control study in 62 POTS patients and 50 healthy controls to compare symptom burden between groups using the newly developed, self‐rating, 12‐item, Malmö POTS Score (MAPS; 0–10 per item, total range 0–120) based on patients own perception of symptoms through visual analogue scale assessment. We have also explored correlations between symptom severity assessed by MAPS, basic clinical parameters and postural haemodynamic changes.

Results

POTS patients showed significantly higher total MAPS score (78 ± 20 vs. 14 ± 12, p < 0.001), higher baseline systolic blood pressure (BP), diastolic BP and HR (p < 0.001) compared with healthy controls. The most prominent symptoms in POTS were palpitations, fatigue and concentration difficulties. Haemodynamic parameters on standing were significantly correlated with palpitations in POTS after adjustment for age and sex (lower systolic and diastolic BP, and higher HR) (p < 0.001 for all). Orthostatic HR was significantly associated with concentration difficulties and total MAPS score. The optimal cut‐point value of MAPS to differentiate POTS and healthy controls was ≥42 (sensitivity, 97%; specificity, 98%).

Conclusions

Symptom severity, as assessed by MAPS score, is fivefold higher in POTS compared with healthy individuals. The new MAPS score can be useful as a semiquantitative system to assess symptom burden, monitor disease progression and evaluate pre‐test likelihood of disease.
Borrelia burgdorferi strain and host sex influence pathogen prevalence and abundance in the tissues of a laboratory rodent host
Authors: Zinck Christopher B. , Thampy Prasobh Raveendran , Rego Ryan O. M. , Brisson Dustin , Ogden Nicholas H. , Voordouw Maarten
Published: September 2022

Experimental infections with different pathogen strains give insight into pathogen life history traits. The purpose of the present study was to compare variation in tissue infection prevalence and spirochete abundance among strains of Borrelia burgdorferi in a rodent host (Mus musculus, C3H/HeJ). Male and female mice were experimentally infected via tick bite with one of 12 strains. Ear tissue biopsies were taken at days 29, 59 and 89 postinfection, and seven tissues were collected at necropsy. The presence and abundance of spirochetes in the mouse tissues were measured by quantitative polymerase chain reaction. To determine the frequencies of our strains in nature, their multilocus sequence types were matched to published data sets. For the infected mice, 56.6% of the tissues were infected with B. burgdorferi. The mean spirochete load in the mouse necropsy tissues varied 4.8‐fold between the strains. The mean spirochete load in the ear tissue biopsies decreased rapidly over time for some strains. The percentage of infected tissues in male mice (65.4%) was significantly higher compared to female mice (50.5%). The mean spirochete load in the seven tissues was 1.5× higher in male mice compared to female mice; this male bias was 15.3× higher in the ventral skin. Across the 11 strains, the mean spirochete loads in the infected mouse tissues were positively correlated with the strain‐specific frequencies in their tick vector populations. The study suggests that laboratory‐based estimates of pathogen abundance in host tissues can predict the strain composition of this important tick‐borne pathogen in nature.
High spatial heterogeneity and low connectivity of bacterial communities along a Mediterranean subterranean estuary
Authors: Ruiz‐González Clara , Rodríguez‐Pie Lara , Maister Olena , Rodellas Valentí , Alorda‐Keinglass Aaron , Diego‐Feliu Marc , Folch Albert , Garcia‐Orellana Jordi , Gasol Josep M.
Published: September 2022

Subterranean estuaries are biogeochemically active coastal sites resulting from the underground mixing of fresh aquifer groundwater and seawater. In these systems, microbial activity can largely transform the chemical elements that may reach the sea through submarine groundwater discharge (SGD), but little is known about the microorganisms thriving in these land‐sea transition zones. We present the first spatially‐resolved characterization of the bacterial assemblages along a coastal aquifer in the NW Mediterranean, considering the entire subsurface salinity gradient. Combining bulk heterotrophic activity measurements, flow cytometry, microscopy and 16S rRNA gene sequencing we find large variations in prokaryotic abundances, cell size, activity and diversity at both the horizontal and vertical scales that reflect the pronounced physicochemical gradients. The parts of the transect most influenced by freshwater were characterized by smaller cells and lower prokaryotic abundances and heterotrophic production, but some activity hotspots were found at deep low‐oxygen saline groundwater sites enriched in nitrite and ammonium. Diverse, heterogeneous and highly endemic communities dominated by Proteobacteria, Patescibacteria, Desulfobacterota and Bacteroidota were observed throughout the aquifer, pointing to clearly differentiated prokaryotic niches across these transition zones and little microbial connectivity between groundwater and Mediterranean seawater habitats. Finally, experimental manipulations unveiled large increases in community heterotrophic activity driven by fast growth of some rare and site‐specific groundwater Proteobacteria. Our results indicate that prokaryotic communities within subterranean estuaries are highly heterogeneous in terms of biomass, activity and diversity, suggesting that their role in transforming nutrients will also vary spatially within these terrestrial–marine transition zones.