bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Naujagimio kraujotakos pokyčiai sisteminės infekcijos metu
Authors: Pliauckienė Aušrinė , Liubšys Arūnas , Usonis Vytautas
Published: July 2021

Tyrimo tikslas. Įvertinti sepsiu sergančių naujagimių sisteminės kraujotakos ypatybes, jos pokyčius ligos pradžioje ir vėlesniu metu, pasitelkus neinvazinį širdies darbo ir kraujotakos vertinimo monitorių USCOM. Tyrimo metodai. Biomedicininiame tyrime dalyvavo 32 įvairaus gestacinio amžiaus naujagimiai, kuriems Vilniaus universiteto ligoninės Santaros klinikų Neonatologijos centre buvo įtarta arba patvirtinta sisteminė infekcija. Jiems kraujotakos vertinimas USCOM monitoriumi buvo atliekamas iki specifinio gydymo pradžios ir vėliau. Diagnozei patvirtinti buvo atliekami laboratoriniai bakteriologiniai tyrimai. Surinkti duomenys analizuoti naudojant „IBM SPSS“ ir „MS Office Excel“ programų paketus. Nustatant statistiškai reikšmingus grupių skirtumus, taikytas chi kvadrato (x2) testas arba tikslusis Fišerio kriterijus. Statistiškai patikimais laikyti rezultatai, kai p<0,05. Rezultatai. Laboratoriškai sisteminės infekcijos diagnozė buvo pavirtinta 59,4 proc. pacientų. Analizuojant pagrindinius jų sisteminę kraujotaką rodančių rodiklių duomenis ligos pradžioje, buvo nustatyti širdies ir kraujagyslių būklės nuokrypiai nuo normos. Išvados. Naujagimių sepsį lydi hemodinaminiai pokyčiai, kuriuos tiek ligos pradžioje, tiek ir jos metu galima nustatyti, pasitelkus neinvazinį širdies darbo ir kraujotakos vertinimo monitorių USCOM.
Temporal Structure in the Novel “The Killer of Hamza (Qaatil Hamza)” by Najeeb Gillani
Authors: Robina Naz  , Yaqoob Khan Marwat
Published: July 2021

Temporal Structure is an essential element of the narrative works as well as a component of narratives. It has become a prominent issue in literary criticism in 20th century. Because time structure plays an enormously important role in the construction of story/novel, the other elements of the novel/story cannot be viewed without temporal space. It is temporal space/structure on which the events of the story are based and rhythm, flow and continuity of the story can be maintained by temporal space. Events cannot exist out of the temporal structure of the story.

This study deals with the temporal structure and its role in the novel “Killer of Hamza” by Najeeb Gillani and attempts to reveal the method of constructing time in the novel by standing on temporal order and temporal paradoxes both types of retrieval and anticipation, as well as the structure of the rhythm of time such as the technique of speeding narration with its movements (The dialogue scene, the descriptive position) and the frequency of the three types (solitary, repetitive, author).  In addition, the study concludes the discussion based on the findings.
Pakistani Society’s Problems, Causes and Solutions (An Overview in the Teachings of Islam)
Authors: Farhat Aziz  , Badshah Syed Naeem
Published: July 2021

The present research deals with the analysis Pakistani society’s Problems, causes and solutions in the Islamic Perspective. Pakistan is to take the right direction and transform itself into a civilized and responsible society for development and prosperity on both internal and external levels. We must look at a new role and concern. The system needs fundamental changes at many levels. The democratic path between revolution focuses on reform, and if we do not make it a part of our priorities in an extraordinary way, this process could further weaken the already weak state system. Certainly, the challenges at the state level will not be solved in a political isolation. For this, a great deal of consultation and consensus-based politics will have to be pursued. The problem is that our politics, democracy, governance, institutional processes and administrative structure see a change in the context of self-improvement. But to what extent are all parties ready for this change and what do they want to do on their own to make the existing flaws in the state system an improvement? One problem is including state understanding. The extent to which we are able to accurately diagnose our weakness at our own level. We know how to set our own priorities. It has become a major obstacle in solving problems in every domain, i.e, economic, social, political and moral.
APPLICATION OF THE LOCAL VARIATION METHOD FOR SOLVING FIRE SAFETY PROBLEMS OF OBJECTS OF PROTECTION
Authors: Шамонин Валерий Геннадьевич , Зуев Станислав Анатольевич , Леончук Петр Алексеевич , Хатунцева Светлана Юрьевна , Барановская Елена Николаевна
Published: July 2021

Применение метода локальных вариаций для решения прикладных задач, в том числе пожарной охраны, может быть сопряжено с преодолением возможных трудностей (как аналитического характера, так и численной реализации). Для последующего использования этого метода проведено его тестирование на так называемых «жестких» примерах, позаимствованных из литературы. Хотя результаты тестирования следует признать не более чем удовлетворительными, применимость метода при решении конкретных прикладных задач можно считать оптимистичной.

Application of the local variations method for solving applied problems, including fire protection ones, can be associated with overcoming possible difficulties (both of an analytical nature and of a numerical implementation). For the following use of this method it was tested on the so-called "hard" examples taken from the literature. Although the test results should be considered like satisfactory, the applicability of the method for solving specific applied problems can be considered as optimistic.
Current perspectives on pronunciation skill development
Authors:   Khoja Akhmet Yassawi International Kazakh-Turkish University, Rizakhodjayeva G. , Abdulamit I. ,   Khoja Akhmet Yassawi International Kazakh-Turkish University
Published: July 2021

Main problem: the article discusses the importance of modern methods used in the development of pronunciation skills in teaching English in Kazakh schools. Currently, in their practice, teachers are guided by four main areas: listening, speaking, reading, and writing. However, if we partially distinguish these skills, there are many auxiliary skills: pronunciation, spelling, grammar, vocabulary, punctuation... and much more. Here, the most important of these skills is the pronunciation skill, so the research work included providing the most effective modern methods aimed at developing students ' pronunciation skills, applying them on the basis of practice, and differentiating the result. Purpose: to determine the importance of pronunciation in a student's ability to speak a foreign language fluently and suggest ways to develop it using the ‘Ben Franklin’ exercise. Methods: descriptive, systematization and analytical methods were used in the course of the study. Results and their significance: the authors of the article identified the important role of pronunciation skills in the development of students 'fluency in English in the modern updated educational process of the country and proposed the Ben Franklin exercise, aimed at developing students' pronunciation skills in the process of teaching English. Within the framework of world education, English teachers are able to generalize the importance of a new type of technology for the development of any language competence of a student in the acquisition of a foreign language by a student. After all, changes in the progressive development of society lead to the introduction of new ideas and modern traditions in the content of Education.
Industry 4.0: Challenges and Opportunities for the Labor Market
Authors:   Innovative University of Eurasia, Bespalyy S.
Published: July 2021

Main problem: In the 18th century, when industrial production began, the use of steam and mechanized production caused major changes in the economy. As a result, production costs decreased along with an increase in the quantity and quality of products. During this period, production underwent a revolutionary transition from manual labor to mechanization. The potential impact of Industry 4.0 on labor markets remains an under-explored scientific field. It is estimated that Industry 4.0 will lead to unemployment by changing the employment structure and will bring new structural problems in terms of unemployment and labor relations. Purpose: The purpose of the study was to establish the impact of Industry 4.0 on the labor market and identify the consequences of the impact. Methods: studied, the evolution of production development, when mass production with electricity led to the Age of Industry 2.0, and then the emergence of the digital revolution, the use of electronics and information technology in production processes, marked the beginning of the Age of Industry 3.0. It is expected, according to international experts, scientists, that automation and robotic production will have a serious impact on the unskilled workforce and cause a critical reduction in the labor force of vulnerable sectors of society, that is, women, migrants, youth and the elderly. Results and their significance: This study assessed the possible impact of the fourth industrial revolution on labor markets. Through a literature review and analysis of emerging trends in Industry 4.0, the risks, opportunities and challenges of the process are explored in a comparative perspective. It has been established that countries must correctly perceive the transformation of labor markets and take appropriate measures. Otherwise, the applied labor-based low-cost industrialization model will lose its comparative advantage.
Improving the methodology of accounting for income and expenses in an educational institution
Authors:   Innovative University of Eurasia, Zhaltyrova O. , Kuvaldina T. ,   Omsk state University of railway transport, Abisheva G. ,   Innovative University of Eurasia
Published: July 2021

One of the most important elements of the management system of an educational institution is the accounting of income and expenses for educational programs (OP) and the calculation of the cost of educational and other services. Modern educational institutions are tasked with improving the quality of educational services and increasing their effectiveness. To solve it, the boundaries of their financial and economic independence are expanded. Currently, universities are changing their form of ownership and can be non-profit societies. The change in the system of financing universities involves the development of new mechanisms for managing an educational institution. In these conditions, it becomes inevitable to create and master new accounting systems in educational institutions, which are aimed at ensuring the tasks of effective management of the university. First of all, this applies to the management accounting system. The cost of services rendered is the sum of the university's expenses in monetary form for the implementation of educational and other services. Expanding the financial independence of universities involves the formation of reliable information about the income and expenses of the university in order to manage them. The purpose of this study is to identify the problems of accounting for income and expenses in educational institutions. The implementation of the research goal is facilitated by the use of methods of comparative analysis, synthesis, and graphical method for visualizing the results obtained. The development of the system of management accounting of income and expenses in educational institutions is focused on the formation of an effective system of information and analytical support, which involves the development of methods for accounting of income and expenses, the organization of the system of internal control of income and expenses, determining the features of management reporting of income and expenses. A methodology for income accounting has been developed that reflects the specifics of the activities of educational institutions, combines the calculation of the main income indicators, their reflection on accounts and in the registers of management accounting, and allows you to form the actual indicators of income and expenses. The optimal method of management accounting of expenses is justified, within the framework of which the classification features of the grouping of expenses are proposed, the order of consolidated accounting and the formation of management accounting registers is determined. The method of accounting for expenses will allow you to specify the directions of expenses in the context of activities, sources of funding, structural divisions, individual programs and activities.
Effective modern software tools for the development of electronic teaching aids
Authors:   KGU «Secondary school № 24 of Pavlodar», Slyvotskaya O. , Saliy T. ,   Innovative University of Eurasia
Published: July 2021

In the context of the transition to the updated content of education, the development and implementation of electronic learning tools in computer science is becoming more relevant than ever. The lack of e-learning tools, developed in full accordance with modern requirements, a variety of software tools and shells to create them, requiring a developer of different levels of training in the use of software, has necessitated a more detailed review and analysis of the problem of development and implementation in the educational process by teachers author's e-learning products. The article identifies the main advantages and disadvantages of some software tools for the development of electronic textbooks. The ArticulateStoryline program is singled out as one of the most effective modern software tools for the development of electronic textbooks in secondary schools. А сomparative analysis of software is carried out on a number of criteria: simplicity and usability, available in ready-made templates, the ability to work with layers, create test items, an opportunity to build ready graphics, video and sound files, the possibility of placing on a single slide multi-page text. The features of the Articulate Storyline program are presented in more detail. The possibility of using this software tool is noted, both by an ordinary user through the use of ready-made templates, and by a more advanced professional through the capabilities of the built-in JavaScript programming language. The program features are presented on the example of the development of an electronic textbook on computer science for the 4th grade. The result of the implementation of the capabilities of the software tool was the development of an electronic textbook, which reflects such features of Articulate Storyline as the use of a set of ready-made characters, the ZoomPicture function, the insertion of video files, a variety of interactive tasks organized through the use of Hotspot slides and SequenceDrag-and-Drop. The electronic textbook provides independent cognitive activity of students, increasing the level of their motivation in learning, ensuring self-control.
Revisiting Correlations between Real and Imaginary in Space of Surrealism
Authors:   Innovative University of Eurasia, Alnazarova G.
Published: July 2021

Main problem: this article deals with the research of surrealism which is not just one of ordinal modernism directions or one of many isms in the art of the 20th century, but which appears as a universal phenomenon in the culture of the epoch, reflecting its main features; surrealism has risen many issues substantive for culture modernity, and resolutions of which are worthy in-depth study. Purpose: to determine the meaning of the unconscious when building a surrealistic world picture and show the relationship and interinfluence of the arts and reality, real and imaginary within the frames defined by surrealism. Methods: the study is based on philosophical and art review of literary and art works performed by surrealists. In various manifestos and works made by surrealism figures it is traced the intention to penetrate into the depth of human psycho using dreams and different mental illnesses. It is known about the enormous impact that the discoveries made in the field of psychoanalysis had on the development of Surrealist philosophy. So, the method of free associations was popular, which was actively used by the Austrian scientist Z. Freud in his medical practice, talking with the patient and analyzing his dreams, the doctor with the help of key symbols revealed the cause of the neurosis, and the surrealists were attracted by the research of the Swiss psychiatrist C. Jung, devoted to the analysis of archetypes and symbols in the lives of various peoples. Results and their importance: practical significance of the study is related to the following circumstances: the necessity to make sense for the reasons of the crisis which encompasses the culture today, the search of possibilities and ways to recover it; u this work’s materials can be also used in research of creations of young Kazakhstan avant-garde artists. The research materials can also be used in the practice of teaching philosophy, cultural science, psychology, and other humanitarian disciplines and also in work of fine art experts and museum staff; based on the materials of this research, the special courses on culture philosophy, culturology, esthetics and theory of arts can be developed.
Leveraging the Peacebuilding Potential of Cross-border Trader Networks in Sub-Saharan Africa
Authors: Rokhideh Maryam
Published: July 2021

Cross-border trade plays a prominent role in economic, social, and political life in Sub-Saharan Africa, contributing significantly to development, poverty reduction, and job creation. Across the continent, cross-border trade accounts for 43 percent of the entire population’s income. As actors embedded in licit and illicit networks at local and regional levels, cross-border traders have the potential to fuel conflict or mitigate it. They can act as spoilers, supporting armed groups and war economies, or as peace intermediaries, negotiating peace deals and bridging conflict divides across communities. Given that most armed conflicts in Sub-Saharan Africa are shaped by cross-border dynamics, cross-border traders present an underexamined yet critical point of entry for analyzing and addressing conflicts and should be included in new and ongoing peacebuilding programming. This policy note provides recommendations on how policymakers can leverage the untapped peacebuilding potential of cross-border traders and decrease their spoiling power.
Evaluación Fisicoquímica y Microbiológica de una Conserva de Flor de Cabuya Negra (Agave Americana) con Diferentes Niveles de Ácido Acético en el Líquido de Cobertura
Authors: Enríquez Estrella Miguel Angel
Published: July 2021

Esta investigación tuvo como objetivo determinar los niveles óptimos de ácido acético en la formulación de un líquido de gobierno para la conservación de la flor de cabuya (Agave americana), que es una planta que crece en lugares secos y áridos de la región andina. La concentración del 30 % de ácido acético obtuvo un mejor parámetro de aceptabilidad, tomando en cuenta que, mientras pasa el tiempo de almacenamiento, el pH disminuye y la acidez se incrementa. En conclusión, se determinó que la concentración mencionada es la que mejor puntuación obtuvo por los catadores.
Reacción al Fuego de Tres Maderas Angiospermas Impregnadas con Sales de Boro
Authors: Sotomayor Castellanos Javier Ramón , Ávila Calderón Luz Elena Alfonsina
Published: July 2021

La madera es un material combustible, motivo por el cual es importante investigar técnicas para aumentar su resistencia al fuego. La retención de sales de boro en la madera mide la idoneidad del tratamiento de impregnación y la aptitud que tiene una especie para su preservación y reacción al fuego. Los objetivos de la investigación fueron, por una parte, determinar su densidad aparente y su capacidad de retención de sales de boro y, por otra, medir el tiempo de ignición y la pérdida de masa en pruebas de reacción al fuego. La investigación comprobó la capacidad de retención de sales de boro de Spathodea campanulata (Tulipán africano), Fraxinus americana (Fresno blanco) y Albizia plurijuga (Tepehuaje). Para cada especie, se impregnaron cuarenta probetas de pequeñas dimensiones con el método de baño caliente-frío con una solución de ácido bórico y borato de sodio con concentraciones de uno, dos y tres por ciento. Se determinaron la densidad y el contenido de humedad de la madera.  Se realizaron pruebas de reacción al fuego con duración de dos minutos y se midieron el tiempo de ignición y la pérdida de masa. El impregnado de la madera con sales de boro aumenta la resistencia aparente de la madera a la exposición al fuego. A medida que la densidad de la madera aumenta, los tiempos de ignición se incrementan y, a la vez, se disminuye la pérdida de masa.
ANÁLISE DOS BENEFÍCIOS SOCIAIS OFERECIDOS POR ORGANIZAÇÕES PÚBLICAS E PRIVADAS DE GRANDE MÉDIO E PEQUENO PORTE
Authors: Souza Alana Santos , Sales Gabriel Rodrigues de , Porto Isabela Pereira , Alburquerque Luisa Costa , Pereira Tábata Fernandes
Published: July 2021

O capital humano se transformou na maior força de trabalho de uma instituição, independente dela ser pública ou privada. As gratificações dos funcionários tornou-se a forma de incentivo para aumentar a produtividade de cada um. Dessa forma, o presente artigo propõe a análise e comparação dos benefícios sociais recebidos em quatro empresas com características distintas utilizando a pesquisa quantitativa seguindo o modelo de um estudo de caso. A partir de entrevistas com os setores de gestão de pessoas e com funcionários em geral foi identificado que empresas de grande porte possuem maiores incentivos se comparados com empresas menores, enquanto empresas privadas possuem benefícios com propósitos diferentes.
DIREITO E FINANÇAS: A IMPORTÂNCIA DA GESTÃO FINANCEIRA PARA O TRABALHO DE ADVOGADOS AUTÔNOMOS INICIANTES
Authors: Rosa Adriano Carlos Moraes , Damaso Yasmin Vitoria , Carvalho Maria Rosa Fernandes de , Silva Elton Orris Marinho da , Rosas Iris Renata De Carvalho
Published: July 2021

O termo Finança provém do francês finance e refere-se ao compromisso que assume um sujeito para responder à sua obrigação para com outra pessoa. A Gestão Financeira compreende diversos detalhes importantes de fundamentos de finanças, área que engloba um estudo sistemático prático e teórico com vistas a excelência no processo empresarial que direciona investimentos, empresas e empreendedores ao sucesso. Já a Advocacia, uma das mais antigas profissões da história, considerada até polêmica pela própria liberdade é também uma das mais nobres e respeitadas, entretanto, embora a carreira de Advogado seja promissora, também são muitos os problemas e dificuldades para aqueles que a escolhem. Mercado de Trabalho é a forma como as pessoas trocam sua mão de obra e/ou experiência por um salário e/ou benefício. Utilizando de pesquisas básica, qualitativa, descritiva, exploratória, explicativa, bibliográfica e documental apoiada por estudo de caso, os autores objetivam alertar sobre a importância da gestão das finanças e tudo o que pode envolver um bom planejamento para aqueles que pleiteiam trabalhar e/ou iniciar suas carreiras em escritórios de advocacia. Como resultados, pretendeu-se também analisar e relatar aos interessados como é a gestão e quais as maiores dificuldades de um profissional (iniciante) na carreira de Direito.
CARACTERIZAÇÃO DA PRODUÇÃO CIENTÍFICA MUNDIAL SOBRE DESEMPENHO EM SERVIÇOS PÚBLICOS: ANÁLISE BIBLIOMÉTRICA DE UMA DÉCADA
Authors: Garcia Daniele Rodrigues , Pereira Júnior Fernando Zepka , Leite Felipe Kopp
Published: July 2021

Nas últimas décadas, diversas mudanças geraram reformas no Estado na forma de gerir e organizar os serviços públicos para evoluir as práticas administrativas. Contudo, a sucessão de modelos de gestão não tem gerado os ideais pregados por conta das mudanças de gestores e suas ideologias. Nesse quadro, é necessário entender como o Estado analisa e avalia os serviços prestados. Logo, a realização de um levantamento da produção científica referente ao tema torna-se relevante na busca por informações sobre as práticas dos gestores e, a partir disto, formas de melhorar a performance do Estado. Este estudo tem como objetivo caracterizar a produção científica referente ao controle, análise e avaliação do desempenho sob a ótica dos serviços públicos no período compreendido entre 2007 e 2017 por meio da análise de artigos disponíveis em base de dados online. Como resultado, encontrou-se uma quantidade restrita de artigos publicados sobre controle, análise e avaliação do desempenho em serviços sob a ótica dos serviços públicos, justificando-se assim a importância desse artigo. Através dos achados empíricos oriundos desta bibliometria, foram identificados um número limitado de estudos sobre desempenho em serviço público, com exceção do setor saúde, o qual não foi considerado na pesquisa. Frente a isto, o presente estudo apresenta possíveis lacunas quanto ao controle, análise e avaliação do desempenho de serviços públicos para serem exploradas por pesquisadores da área nos próximos anos. A partir dos achados, este estudo apresenta contribuições teóricas e gerenciais. Quanto as implicações teóricas, a pesquisa bibliométrica quanto ao controle, análise e avaliação do desempenho sob a ótica dos serviços públicos no período de 2007 a 2017, fornece diversas informações de autores, periódicos, conteúdos e instituições que estudam estes fenômenos, auxiliando pesquisadores na busca por referenciais para suas pesquisas. No lado gerencial, o estudo apresenta informações quanto as práticas de gestores públicos, fato que pode auxiliá-los com vistas a melhorar a performance do Estado.
UM ESTUDO BIBLIOMÉTRICO A RESPEITO DO USO DOS CUSTOS COMO FERRAMENTA PARA O PLANEJAMENTO, CONTROLE E APOIO AS DECISÕES
Authors: Almeida Francieide Serafim , Rêgo Thaiseany de Freitas , Prado Alexsandro Gonçalves da Silva , Morais Maria Auxiliadora de Oliveira
Published: July 2021

Objetivo: O presente artigo se propôs a mapear as características das contribuições científicas do Congresso Brasileiro de Custos (CBC), para a temática “Custos como ferramenta para o planejamento, controle e apoio a decisões”. Método: Para tanto, fez uso da análise bibliométrica e dos aspectos metodológicos adotados nos estudos publicados de 2011 a 2015, o que resultou em uma amostra com 363 artigos científicos. Resultados: Com a coleta de dados, observa-se que predomina estudos que adotam o método estatístico (25,62%), se utilizam da abordagem empírica (50,68%) e da estratégia descritiva (31,94%). No que concerne ao recorte temporal, prevalece o transversal (78,79%) e o uso de dados de origem primária (87,41%). Quanto às técnicas de coleta sobressai o uso do checklist (32,51%), contata-se também que os autores preferem fazer uso do levantamento populacional (63,36%) e da análise qualitativa (66,12%). No que concerne às redes de autores, observa-se que a autora ORO se destaca por estabelecer laços de pesquisa com outros 10 (dez) autores. Já quanto às redes de cooperação institucionais, constata-se que a FURB estabelece laços com outras 12 (doze) IES, o que se justifica pelo número de programas de pós-graduação e volatilidade de discentes advindos de outras instituições. Conclusão: As contribuições científicas que abordam a temática de “Custos como ferramenta para o planejamento, controle e apoio a decisões” adota, predominantemente, aspectos metodológicos tradicionais e apropriados para as discussões.
Câncer de mama: uma preocupação para a mulher cearense, 1950 a 1980
Authors: Oliveira Thayane Lopes Oliveira
Published: July 2021

Este artigo analisa a construção do câncer de mama como um problema médico e sanitário no Ceará, assim como uma preocupação para a mulher cearense entre as décadas de 1950 e 1980. Para isso, primeiramente, percebeu-se o esforço da classe médica brasileira em alçar o câncer ao status de problema de saúde pública a partir do intercâmbio com as ideias estrangeiras que chegavam ao país. Argumento que os médicos cearenses compartilharam desse projeto e buscaram apontar para o crescimento da incidência do câncer de mama no estado, através de publicações em revistas especializadas e jornais de grande circulação. Atentos aos estudos sobre a relação câncer e desenvolvimento, esses médicos demonstraram que o câncer de mama era a doença da modernidade e, por consequência, de mulheres com hábitos modernos. As fontes utilizadas para este trabalho são artigos publicados na Revista Brasileira de Cancerologia, Revista Ceará Médico e jornais O Povo e Diário do Nordeste.
Validation of the EDGES Low-band Antenna Beam Model
Authors: Mahesh Nivedita , Bowman Judd D. , Mozdzen Thomas J. , Rogers Alan E. E. , Monsalve Raul A. , Murray Steven G. , Lewis David
Published: July 2021

The response of the antenna is a source of uncertainty in measurements with the Experiment to Detect the Global Epoch of Reionization Signature (EDGES). We aim to validate the electromagnetic beam model of the low-band (50–100 MHz) dipole antenna with comparisons between models and against data. We find that simulations of a simplified model of the antenna over an infinite perfectly conducting ground plane are, with one exception, robust to changes in the numerical electromagnetic solver code or algorithm. For simulations of the antenna with the actual finite ground plane and realistic soil properties, we find that two out of three numerical solvers agree well. Applying our analysis pipeline to a simulated drift-scan observation from an early EDGES low-band instrument that had a 10 m × 10 m ground plane, we find residual levels after fitting and removing a five-term foreground model from the simulated data binned in local sidereal time (LST) average about 250 mK with ±40 mK variation between numerical solvers. A similar analysis of the primary 30 m × 30 m sawtooth ground plane reduced the LST-averaged residuals to about 90 mK with ±10 mK between the two viable solvers. More broadly we show that larger ground planes generally perform better than smaller ground planes. Simulated data have a power that is within 4% of real observations, a limitation of net accuracy of the sky and beam models. We observe that residual spectral structures after foreground model fits match qualitatively between simulated data and observations, suggesting that the frequency dependence of the beam is reasonably represented by the models. We find that a soil conductivity of 0.02 S m−1 and relative permittivity of 3.5 yield good agreement between simulated spectra and observations. This is consistent with the soil properties reported by Sutinjo et al. for the Murchison Radio-astronomy Observatory, where EDGES is located.
Disequilibrium Chemistry in Exoplanet Atmospheres Observed with the Hubble Space Telescope
Authors: Roudier Gael M. , Swain Mark R. , Gudipati Murthy S. , West Robert A. , Estrela Raissa , Zellem Robert T.
Published: July 2021

Literature on the theory of exoplanet atmospheric disequilibrium chemistry is rich, although its observational counterpart has yet to emerge beyond the hints provided by a few targets in dedicated studies. We report results from an uniform data reduction and analysis for a catalog of 62 Hubble Space Telescope exoplanet transit spectra where we assess the atmospheric model preference for disequilibrium chemistry (i.e., water vapor is not the dominant absorption spectral signature) over thermal equilibrium chemistry in a comparative planetology context. Where model preference assessment is possible, we find that disequilibrium occurs in about half of the atmospheres, indicating that disequilibrium processes play an important role in the composition of exoplanet atmospheres. While very hot atmospheres, over 1800 K, prefer equilibrium chemistry, we find a clustering of preference for disequilibrium in the 1200–1800 K temperature range. We suggest that UV-augmented thermochemistry may play a significant role for those atmospheres.
Spectroscopic Confirmation of Two Extremely Massive Protoclusters, BOSS1244 and BOSS1542, at z = 2.24
Authors: Shi Dong Dong , Cai Zheng , Fan Xiaohui , Zheng Xian Zhong , Huang Yun-Hsin , Xu Jiachuan
Published: July 2021

We present spectroscopic confirmation of two new massive galaxy protoclusters at z = 2.24 ± 0.02, BOSS1244 and BOSS1542, traced by groups of Coherently Strong Lyα Absorption (CoSLA) systems imprinted in the absorption spectra of a number of quasars from the Sloan Digital Sky Survey III (SDSS III) and identified as overdensities of narrowband-selected Hα emitters (HAEs). Using Multiple Mirror Telescope/Magellan Infrared Spectrograph and Large Binocular Telescope/LUCI near-infrared (NIR) spectroscopy, we confirm 46 and 36 HAEs in the BOSS1244 (∼55 arcmin2) and BOSS1542 (∼61 arcmin2) fields, respectively. BOSS1244 displays a southwest (SW) component at z = 2.230 ± 0.002 and another northeast (NE) component at z = 2.246 ± 0.001 with the line-of-sight velocity dispersions of 405 ± 202 km s−1 and 377 ± 99 km s−1, respectively. Interestingly, we find that the SW region of BOSS1244 contains two substructures in redshift space, likely merging to form a larger system. In contrast, BOSS1542 exhibits an extended filamentary structure with a low-velocity dispersion of 247 ± 32 km s−1 at z = 2.241 ± 0.001, providing a direct confirmation of a large-scale cosmic web in the early universe. The galaxy overdensities δ
g on the scale of 15 cMpc are 22.9 ± 4.9, 10.9 ± 2.5, and 20.5 ± 3.9 for the BOSS1244 SW, BOSS1244 NE, and BOSS1542 filament, respectively. They are the most overdense galaxy protoclusters (δ
g > 20) discovered to date at z > 2. These systems are expected to become virialized at z ∼ 0 with a total mass of M
SW = (1.59 ± 0.20) × 1015
M
⊙, M
NE = (0.83 ± 0.11) × 1015
M
⊙ and M
filament = (1.42 ± 0.18) × 1015
M
⊙, respectively. Our results suggest that the dense substructures of BOSS1244 and BOSS1542 will eventually evolve into the Coma-type galaxy clusters or even larger. Together with BOSS1441 described in Cai et al., these extremely massive overdensities at z = 2–3 exhibit different morphologies, indicating that they are in different assembly stages in the formation of early galaxy clusters. Furthermore, there are two quasar pairs in BOSS1441 and one quasar pair in BOSS1244 and BOSS1542; CoSLAs detected in these quasar pairs can be used to trace the extremely massive large-scale structures of the universe.
Magnetically Arrested Disks in Quiescent Black Hole Binaries: Formation Scenario, Observable Signatures, and Potential PeVatrons
Authors: Kimura Shigeo S. , Sudoh Takahiro , Kashiyama Kazumi , Kawanaka Norita
Published: July 2021

We propose magnetically arrested disks (MADs) in quiescent (low-luminosity) black hole (BH) binaries as the origin of multiwavelength emission, and argue that this class of sources can dominate the cosmic-ray spectrum around the knee. X-ray luminosities of Galactic BH binaries in the quiescent state are far below the Eddington luminosity, and thus radiatively inefficient accretion flows (RIAFs) are formed in the inner region. Strong thermal and turbulent pressures in RIAFs produce outflows, which can create large-scale poloidal magnetic fields. These fields are carried to the vicinity of the BH by the rapid inflow motion, forming a MAD. Inside the MAD, nonthermal protons and electrons are naturally accelerated by magnetic reconnections or stochastic acceleration by turbulence. Both thermal and nonthermal electrons emit broadband photons via synchrotron emission, which are broadly consistent with the optical and X-ray data of the quiescent BH X-ray binaries. Moreover, protons are accelerated up to PeV energies and diffusively escape from these MADs, which can account for the cosmic-ray intensity around the knee energy.
Constraining the Primordial Lithium Abundance: New Cross Section Measurement of the 7Be + n Reactions Updates the Total 7Be Destruction Rate
Authors: Hayakawa S. , La Cognata M. , Lamia L. , Yamaguchi H. , Kahl D. , Abe K. , Shimizu H. , Yang L. , Beliuskina O. , Cha S. M. , Chae K. Y. , Cherubini S. , Figuera P. , Ge Z. , Gulino M. , Hu J. , Inoue A. , Iwasa N. , Kim A. , Kim D. , Kiss G. , Kubono S. , La Commara M. , Lattuada M. , Lee E. J. , Moon J. Y. , Palmerini S. , Parascandolo C. , Park S. Y. , Phong V. H. , Pierroutsakou D. , Pizzone R. G. , Rapisarda G. G. , Romano S. , Spitaleri C. , Tang X. D. , Trippella O. , Tumino A. , Zhang N. T.
Published: July 2021

The cosmological lithium problem (CLP) stems from the outstanding discrepancy between theoretical predictions and astronomical observations of primordial lithium abundances. For the radiogenic production of 7Li, 7Be plays a pivotal role in the Big Bang nucleosynthesis (BBN). Nevertheless, the data for neutron-induced 7Be destruction processes were still sparse, and especially lacked information on the contributions of transitions to the 7Li excited states. In this work, we have determined the 7Be

(
n
,

p

0

)

7

Li, 7Be

(
n
,

p

1

)

7

Li*, and 7Be

(
n
,
α
)

4

He reaction cross sections by means of the Trojan Horse method. The present and the previous data were analyzed together by a multichannel R-matrix fit, providing an improved uncertainty evaluation of the

(
n
,

p

0

)

channel and the first-ever quantification of the

(
n
,

p

1

)

contribution in the BBN-relevant energy range. We implemented the revised total reaction rate summing both the

(
n
,

p

0

)

and

(
n
,

p

1

)

contributions in a state-of-the-art BBN code PRIMAT. As a consequence, the present nuclear-physics data offers a reduction of the predicted 7Li abundance by about one-tenth, which would impose a stricter constraint on BBN and head us in the correct direction to the CLP solution.
The OTELO Survey: The Star Formation Rate Evolution of Low-mass Galaxies
Authors: Cedrés Bernabé , Pérez-García Ana María , Pérez-Martínez Ricardo , Cerviño Miguel , Gallego Jesús , Bongiovanni Ángel , Cepa Jordi , Navarro Martínez Rocío , Nadolny Jakub , Lara-López Maritza A. , Sánchez-Portal Miguel , Alfaro Emilio J. , de Diego José A. , González-Otero Mauro , Jesús González J. , Ignacio González-Serrano J. , Padilla Torres Carmen P.
Published: July 2021

We present the analysis of a sample of Hα, Hβ, and [O ii] emission line galaxies from the OTELO survey, with masses typically below

log
(

M

*

/

M

⊙

)
∼
9.4

and redshifts between z ∼ 0.4 and 1.43. We study the star formation rate, star formation rate density, and their number density and evolution with redshift. We obtain a robust estimate of the specific star formation rate—stellar mass relation based on the lowest-mass sample published so far. We also determine a flat trend of the star formation rate density (SFRD) and number density with redshift. Our results suggest a scenario of no evolution of the number density of galaxies, regardless of their masses, up to redshift z ∼ 1.4. This implies a gradual change of the relative importance of the star-forming processes, from high-mass galaxies to low-mass galaxies, with decreasing redshift. We also find little or no variation of the SFRD in the redshift range of 0.4 < z < 1.43.
Looking for Astrometric Signals below 20 m s−1: A Jupiter-mass Planet Signature in ε Eri
Authors: Makarov Valeri V. , Zacharias Norbert , Finch Charles T.
Published: July 2021

The USNO ground-based astrometric program URAT-Bright in combination with the Hipparcos mission epoch astrometry provides precise proper motions of a thousand bright stars in the southern hemisphere on a time basis of about 25 yr. Small but statistically significant differences between these proper motions and Gaia EDR3 data can reveal long-period exoplanets similar to Jupiter in the nearest star systems. The presence of such a planet orbiting the magnetically active dwarf ε Eri is confirmed from both URAT-Hipparcos-EDR3 data and Hipparcos-EDR3 data with a corresponding projected velocity of (+5, +8) and (+6, +13) m s−1, respectively. These signals are formally significant at a 0.989 and 1.0 confidence. We conclude that the newest astrometric results confirm the existence of a long-period exoplanet orbiting ε Eri, which was marginally detected from precision radial velocity measurements some 20 yr ago.
Coenzyme Q10 Supplementation as an Adjuvant Therapy Potentially Increase Serum Superoxide Dismutase Levels in Acne Vulgaris Patients
Authors: Adriana Carissa , Budiastuti Asih , Kabulrachman Kabulrachman , Widayati Retno Indar , Riyanto Puguh , Muslimin Muslimin
Published: July 2021

BACKGROUND: Acne vulgaris (AV) is a chronic inflammatory disease in the pilosebaceous unit. Recent research has begun to focus on the essential relationship between oxidative stress and the pathogenesis of AV. The use of antioxidants like coenzyme Q10 (CoQ10) that has various advantages as adjuvant therapy is expected to be beneficial for AV.

AIM: The study was aimed to analyze the effect of CoQ10 supplementation on serum SOD levels and the severity of AV patients.

METHODS: A double blind-randomized controlled trial was carried out on 36 patients with AV and classified according to severity degree of AV. These patients were randomly divided into two groups (treatment group with tretinoin 0.025% cream and once-daily supplementation of CoQ10 100 mg tablet; and placebo group with tretinoin 0.025% cream and once-daily placebo tablet). Response to treatment was based on serum superoxide dismutase (SOD) level and AV severity degree.

RESULTS: Administration of CoQ10 to AV patients significantly increase serum SOD level (p = 0.008) and improves the severity of AV after 8 weeks (p = 0.008).

CONCLUSION: CoQ10 supplementation can increase serum SOD levels and improve the severity of AV.
The Correlation between Estimated Glomerular Filtration Rate and Parathyroid Hormone Levels in Predialysis-chronic Kidney Disease Adult Patients at Sanglah General Hospital, Bali, Indonesia
Authors: Herawati Sianny , Kandarini Yenny , Prabawa I Putu Yuda
Published: July 2021

BACKGROUND: Chronic kidney disease (CKD) is a structural or functional kidney disease for more than 3 months. In predialysis CKD patients, the serum parathyroid hormone levels increase progressively since the early stages of the disease to maintain phosphate homeostasis. Glomerular filtration rate (GFR) has been widely accepted to assess renal function. The GFR assessment is used to determine the CKD stadium. AIM: This study aims to analyze the correlation between GFR and parathyroid hormone levels in predialysis CKD patients undergoing treatment at Sanglah General Hospital Denpasar. METHODS: A cross-sectional observational study was conducted among predialysis CKD patients undergoing treatment at Sanglah General Hospital Denpasar who met the inclusion and exclusion criteria. The inclusion criteria were adult patients (≥18 years) who were accepting to participate in the study. Exclusion criteria were patients with predialysis CKD after thyroidectomy and/or parathyroidectomy and liver disease. The parathyroid hormone levels, blood urea nitrogen, creatinine, and GFR were examined and analyzed by SPSS version 17 for Windows. RESULTS: A total of 77 patients with predialysis CKD in this study obtained a median of e-GFR of 21.09 (4.72–75.80) mL/min/1.73 m2. The median level of parathyroid hormone was 82.07 pg/mL (15.83–716.60 pg/mL). Spearman’s correlation analysis results obtained a strong and significant negative correlation between the e-GFR value and parathyroid hormone levels (r = −0.540; p = 0.000). CONCLUSION: The parathyroid hormone levels assessment could be used as a recommendation in evaluating the CKD progressivity among predialysis adult patients at Sanglah General Hospital, Bali, Indonesia, due to the strong significant correlation.
Extraventricular Choroid Plexus Carcinoma with Spinal Metastasis: A Case Report
Authors: Hartanto Rachmat Andi , Tamba Daniel Agriva , Setyawan Nurhuda Hendra , Ekaputra Ericko , Malueka Rusdy Ghazali , Harahap Indra Sari Kusuma , Dwianingsih Ery Kus
Published: July 2021

We report a case of extraventricular choroid plexus carcinoma (CPC) accompanied by spinal metastasis in a pediatric patient. A 15-year-old female patient presented with chronic progressive headache and blurry vision. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) revealed an intra-axial mass in the left frontal lobe. A gross total resection was performed, and the histopathological examination revealed the diagnosis of CPC, confirmed with immunohistochemical (IHC) analysis of GFAP, S100, EM, P53 and Ki67. Eleven months later, MRI result identified another mass in the left frontal lobe. Spinal MRI showed drop metastasis to the spine, accompanied by leptomeningeal seeding. This case demonstrated the importance of IHC and spinal MRI in the management of CPC. This case report may provide more insight into extraventricular CPC cases, which is important for the adequate management of patients with CPC in the future.
Uncovering the herpetological diversity of small forest fragments in south-eastern Madagascar (Haute Matsiatra)
Authors: Belluardo Francesco , Quirós Darwin Díaz , Lobón-Rovira Javier , Rosa Gonçalo M. , Rasoazanany Malalatiana , Andreone Franco , Crottini Angelica
Published: July 2021

Madagascar has historically suffered from high fragmentation of forested habitats, often leading to biodiversity loss. Neverthless, forest fragments still retain high levels of biological diversity. The Haute Matsiatra Region (south-eastern Madagascar) hosts the renowned Andringitra National Park and several surrounding isolated forest fragments embedded in a matrix of human-dominated landscape. During a herpetological survey conducted in the Region, we visited a total of 25 sites. We applied a molecular taxonomic approach to identify the collected material and generate new reference sequences to improve the molecular identification of Malagasy herpetofauna. We identified a total of 28 amphibian and 38 squamate taxa and provided a systematic account for each one of them. Nine of the identified taxa are candidate species, amongst which one was newly identified. We extended the known distributional range of 21 taxa (nine amphibians and 12 squamates). Although the largest forest fragments hold a higher number of species, we also detected a relatively high herpetological diversity in small patches. Our results highlight the importance of investigating small forest fragments to contribute to a better understanding of the patterns of diversity and distribution of the amphibians and reptiles of Madagascar.