bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Peach chloroplast genome variation architecture and phylogenomic signatures of cpDNA introgression in Prunus
Authors: Amar Mohamed Hamdy , Magdy Mahmoud , Wang Lu , Zhou Hui , Zheng Beibei , Jiang Xiaohan , Atta Aiman H. , Han Yuepeng
Published: August 2019

The complete chloroplast genome of peach provides essential information required for the assessment of phylogenetic relationships among Prunus species. Here, we compared the complete chloroplast DNA (cpDNA) genome between two peach cultivars and a wild relative, Prunus mira. The cpDNA genomes of the three peach specimens ranged from 157 330 to 157 744 bp in length and all contained 133 genes and 128 intergenic spacer (IGS) regions with an average GC content of 36.8%. The cpDNA genome of peach contained approximately 600 simple sequence repeats (SSRs), with hexa-nucleotide repeats being the most frequent microsatellites. Most SSRs have undergone divergence between cultivated and wild peaches. A total of 331 single nucleotide variants were identified in the cpDNA genomes. Fifty-one multiple-base pair indels were detected, which are mainly responsible for the cpDNA genome size variation. The cpDNA genomes contained 45 hypervariable regions, with 78% in the large single copy region (LSC). Phylogenomic analysis revealed that Prunus persica is more closely related to Prunus kansuensis than to other wild relatives, and a frequency of introgression of the chloroplast genome between Prunus species was deduced. Collectively, various genetic variations in the cpDNA genomes can serve as molecular markers for genomic studies of Prunus species, such as DNA barcoding, phylogeny, and systematics.
Polymer translocation of linear polymer and ring polymer influenced by crowding
Authors: Gao Qu-Cheng , Li Zhuo-Yi , Xu Yi-Wei , Guo Chen , Hou Ji-Xuan
Published: August 2019

The transport of biomolecules across bio-membranes occurs in a complex environment where the fluid on both sides of the membrane contains many inclusions. The Monte Carlo method and the hard-sphere (HS) model are used to simulate the translocation of linear polymer and ring polymer through a nanopore in a crowded environment. We compare the results of linear polymer and ring polymer and find that the ring polymer is more sensitive to the surrounding environment. Moreover, the influences of the nanopore and the inclusions to the translocation are studied and our results show that the nanopore changes the translocation time and the inclusions change the translocation tendency to the random side of the membrane. Here, the radius of gyration is described as a balance.
The breathers in nematic liquid crystals under applied electric field
Authors: Li Yan , Lu Xiaobo , Hou Chunfeng
Published: August 2019

In this paper, we study the twist of the nematic liquid crystal molecules under the applied electric field. The dynamic equation of the twisted molecules is derived. It is proved to be a kind of sine-Gordon (SG) equation. We obtain the breather solution of the equation and confirm that the deflection angles of the twisted molecules can distribute in the form of breathers. We give the relationship between the molecular deflection angle and the breather frequency, and discuss the effect of electric field on breather shape and breather frequency.
THE ENDOGENEITY OF BUSINESS CYCLE SYNCHRONISATION IN SOUTHERN AFRICAN DEVELOPMENT COMMUNITY
Authors: NZIMANDE NTOKOZO PATRICK , NGALAWA HAROLD
Published: August 2019

This paper investigates the endogeneity hypothesis of optimal currency area (OCA) criterion, that is, business cycles synchronisation, in a panel of Southern African Development Community (SADC) member countries, for the period 1994–2016. Using a Generalised Method of Moments (GMM), the study finds that, amongst other factors, trade induces business cycles comovement. This finding lends support to the endogeneity hypothesis of OCA theory.
Forearm Shortening Impact on Pronation and Supination
Authors: Schnapp Luis , Colakoglu Salih , Couceiro Jose , Oron Amir , Brock Guy , Banegas Rodrigo N.
Published: August 2019

Background: Shortening has been described to treat severely mangled extremities, replantations and nonunions. Outcomes after this procedure in the forearm are vaguely described. This study addresses how the forearm rotation is affected by: (1) location of the shortening; (2) the amount of the shortening at different locations.

Methods: Nine fresh cadaveric forearms were dissected preserving intact proximal and distal radio ulnar joints and interosseous membrane. The widest point of the interosseous space and its location over the ulna were measured, defining the peak interosseous distance (PID) and the peak interosseous distance level (PIDL). Stabilization and fixation of the specimens were performed by using a platform and external fixators. Consecutive ostectomies were performed within one centimeter intervals at the distal, middle and proximal forearm thirds. A repeated measures mixed-effects (RMME) specific model was designed for the statistical analysis.

Results: Before intervention, the average full forearm rotation was 157° (101–185), supination 80° (56–90)/pronation 77° (45–95). The average PID was 15.6 mm in supination and 12.5 mm in pronation. The PIDP were 52.2% and 58.3% of the ulna length in supination and pronation, respectively. The rotation lost were: middle third 5.31°/cm in supination and 6.12°/cm in pronation, distal third 1.62°/cm in supination and 2.20°/cm in pronation, the proximal third was not affected by up to 5 cm of shortening.

Conclusions: These data suggest that shortening of the middle and distal third of the forearm might have more significant adverse effect on forearm rotation compared with the proximal third.
Systematic Review of the Use of Patient Reported Outcome Measures in Studies of Electively-Managed Hand Conditions
Authors: Lloyd-Hughes Hawys , Geoghegan Luke , Rodrigues Jeremy , Peters Michele , Beard David , Price Andrew , Jain Abhilash
Published: August 2019

Background: Electively-managed conditions account for over 100 000 inpatient surgeries a year in the English National Health Service alone, with further procedures in other regions of the UK, or performed on an outpatient basis. To quality assure this care and to conduct research, effective outcome measurement is critical. Traditional surgeon-centric outcome measures correlate poorly with hand function and are seldom important to patients. There has been an advent in the use of patient reported outcome measures (PROMs) in hand surgery although consensus of PROM choice appears to be lacking. This systematic review aimed to describe the use of relevant PROMs in clinical research of electively-managed hand conditions.

Methods: A PRISMA-compliant methodology was used. A bespoke search strategy was developed in conjunction with a search strategist, and applied to Medline, EMBASE, CINAHL and PSYCHINFO from 1992 to June 2017. Pre-specified stepwise inclusion criteria were used to identify studies describing adult patients undergoing treatment for electively-managed hand conditions distal to the distal radius, with clinical outcomes measured using one or more PROMs.

Results: Of 4554 results, 834 met inclusion criteria. PROMs identified included 9 disease-specific, 8 site-specific and 4 generic quality of life measures. Across all, the Disabilities of the Arm, Shoulder and Hand (DASH) was the most commonly used (overall frequency 41.0%). The most commonly reported disease-specific measure was the Boston Carpal Tunnel Questionnaire (overall frequency 23.0%). The most commonly reported generic quality of life of measure was the SF-36 (overall frequency 4%). Time-analysis demonstrated predominance of site-specific PROMs since the year 2000.

Conclusions: Various PROMs have been used to study electively-managed hand conditions, with site-specific PROMs most popular. However, there appears to be limited consensus on choices. A future systematic evaluation of the published psychometric properties of identified PROMs may inform standardisation of measurement.
Surgical Treatment of Chronic Hand Ischemia: A Systematic Review and Case Series
Authors: Colen David L. , Ben-Amotz Oded , Stephanie Thibaudeau , Serebrakian Arman , Carney Martin J. , Gerety Patrick A. , Levin L. Scott
Published: August 2019

Background: Chronic hand ischemia refers to progressive, non-acute ischemic symptoms such as cold intolerance, rest pain, ulceration, tissue necrosis, and digit loss and poses a significant challenge in management. Conservative treatment begins with medical optimization and pharmacologic therapy, but when symptoms persist, surgical intervention may be required. Various operations exist to improve circulation including sympathectomy, arterial bypass, or venous arterialization. The purpose of this study is to systematically review published outcomes and present our experience with each surgical technique.

Methods: A systematic review of literature regarding surgical treatment of chronic hand ischemia published between 1990 and 2016 was conducted using PRISMA guidelines. A retrospective-review of surgical interventions for chronic hand ischemia from 2010 to 2016 was then conducted. Primary outcomes included improvement in pain, wound-healing, and development of new ulcerations.

Results: The review included 38 eight studies, showing all three techniques were effective in treating chronic hand ischemia. Sympathectomy had the lowest rate of new ulcerations (0.8%); bypass had the highest rate of healing existing ulcerations (89%). Arterialization was associated with consistent pain improvement pain (100%) but more complications (30.8%). Our series included 18 patients with 21 affected hands, 18 sympathectomies, 6 ulnar artery bypasses, and 1 arterialization. Most hands had improvement of wounds (89.5%) and pain (78.9%). No patients developed new ulcerations, but one required secondary amputation.

Conclusions: When conservative measures fail to improve chronic hand ischemia, surgical intervention is an effective last line treatment. An algorithmic approach can determine the best operation for patients with chronic hand ischemia.
The Herefordshire Lagerstätte: fleshing out Silurian marine life
Authors: Siveter Derek J. , Briggs Derek E. G. , Siveter David J. , Sutton Mark D.
Published: August 2019

The Herefordshire Lagerstätte (
c
. 430 Ma) from the UK is a rare example of soft-tissue preservation in the Silurian. It yields a wide range of invertebrates in unparalleled three-dimensional detail, dominated by arthropods and sponges. The fossils are exceptionally preserved as calcitic void infills in early diagenetic carbonate concretions within a volcaniclastic (bentonite) horizon. The Lagerstätte occurs in an outer shelf/upper slope setting in the Welsh Basin, which was located on Avalonia in the southern subtropics. The specimens are investigated by serial grinding, digital photography and rendering in the round as ‘virtual fossils’ by computer. The fossils contribute much to our understanding of the palaeobiology and early history of the groups represented. They are important in demonstrating unusual character combinations that illuminate relationships; in calibrating molecular clocks; in variously linking with taxa in both earlier and later Paleozoic Lagerstätten; and in providing evidence of the early evolution of crown-group representatives of several groups.
On the Complexity of Hazard-free Circuits
Authors: Ikenmeyer Christian , Komarath Balagopal , Lenzen Christoph , Lysikov Vladimir , Mokhov Andrey , Sreenivasaiah Karteek
Published: August 2019

The problem of constructing hazard-free Boolean circuits dates back to the 1940s and is an important problem in circuit design. Our main lower-bound result unconditionally shows the existence of functions whose circuit complexity is polynomially bounded while every hazard-free implementation is provably of exponential size. Previous lower bounds on the hazard-free complexity were only valid for depth 2 circuits. The same proof method yields that every subcubic implementation of Boolean matrix multiplication must have hazards.

These results follow from a crucial structural insight: Hazard-free complexity is a natural generalization of monotone complexity to all (not necessarily monotone) Boolean functions. Thus, we can apply known monotone complexity lower bounds to find lower bounds on the hazard-free complexity. We also lift these methods from the monotone setting to prove exponential hazard-free complexity lower bounds for non-monotone functions.

As our main upper-bound result, we show how to efficiently convert a Boolean circuit into a bounded-bit hazard-free circuit with only a polynomially large blow-up in the number of gates. Previously, the best known method yielded exponentially large circuits in the worst case, so our algorithm gives an exponential improvement.

As a side result, we establish the NP-completeness of several hazard detection problems.
Order-Sensitive Keywords Based Response Generation in Open-Domain Conversational Systems
Authors: Zhu Qingfu , Zhang Weinan , Cui Lei , Liu Ting
Published: August 2019

External keywords are crucial for response generation models to address the generic response problems in open-domain conversational systems. The occurrence of keywords in a response depends heavily on the order of the keywords as they are generated sequentially. Meanwhile, the order of keywords also affects the semantics of a response. Previous keywords based methods mainly focus on the composite of keywords, while the order of keywords has not been sufficiently discussed. In this work, we propose an order-sensitive keywords based model to explore the influence of the order of keywords in open-domain response generation. It automatically inferences the most suitable order that is optimized to generate a natural and relevant response, and subsequently generates the response using the ordered keywords as building blocks. We conducted experiments on a public Twitter dataset and the results show that our approach outperforms the state-of-the-art baselines in both automatic and human evaluations.
Why programmers should curb their enthusiasm, and thinking about computational thinking
Authors: Bugayenko Yegor , Guzdial Mark
Published: August 2019

The
Communications
Web site, http://cacm.acm.org, features more than a dozen bloggers in the BLOG@CACM community. In each issue of
Communications
, we'll publish selected posts or excerpts.

twitter

Follow us on Twitter at http://twitter.com/blogCACM

http://cacm.acm.org/blogs/blog-cacm

Yegor Bugayenko ponders the dangers of "hazardous enthusiasm," while Mark Guzdial considers whether the need to teach computational thinking can be "designed away."
My heart is in Havana
Authors: Peters Anicia , Mthoko Hafeni , Lazem Shaimaa , Winschiers-Theophilus Heike , Molapo Maletsabisa
Published: August 2019

This is a forum for perspectives on designing for communities marginalized by economics, social status, infrastructure, or policies. It will discuss design methods, theoretical and conceptual contributions, and methodological engagements for underserved communities.
--- Nithya Sambasivan, Editor
Velocity in software engineering
Authors: Killalea Tom
Published: August 2019

From tectonic plate to F-16.
Farming within limits
Authors: Barbieri Lindsay , Ahamed Sonya , Bliss Sam
Published: August 2019

In this forum we highlight innovative thought, design, and research in the area of interaction design and sustainability, illustrating the diversity of approaches across HCI communities. ---
Roy Bendor, Editor
An interview with Andrew Odlyzko on cyber security
Authors: Denning Peter J. , Odlyzko Andrew
Published: August 2019

Is a "Cyber Pearl Harbor" any greater a risk than a natural disaster? How shall we prioritize our preparations for a cyber disaster?
Antibody Responses to Cancer Antigens Identify Patients with a Poor Prognosis among HPV-Positive and HPV-Negative Head and Neck Squamous Cell Carcinoma Patients
Authors: Laban Simon , Gangkofner Dominik S. , Holzinger Dana , Schroeder Lea , Eichmüller Stefan B. , Zörnig Inka , Jäger Dirk , Wichmann Gunnar , Dietz Andreas , Broglie Martina A. , Herold-Mende Christel C. , Dyckhoff Gerhard , Boscolo-Rizzo Paolo , Ezić Jasmin , Marienfeld Ralf , Möller Peter , Kraus Johann M. , Völkel Gunnar , Kestler Hans A. , Brunner Cornelia , Schuler Patrick J. , Wigand Marlene C. , Theodoraki Marie-Nicole , Doescher Johannes , Hoffmann Thomas K. , Pawlita Michael , Waterboer Tim , Butt Julia
Published: August 2019

Purpose:

The identification of high-risk patients within human papillomavirus (HPV)-positive and -negative head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) is needed for improved treatment and surveillance strategies. In this study, we set out to discover antibody responses (AR) with prognostic impact in HNSCC stratified by HPV status.

Experimental Design:

A fluorescent bead–based multiplex serology assay on 29 cancer antigens (16 cancer-testis antigens, 5 cancer-retina antigens, and 8 oncogenes) and 29 HPV antigens was performed in samples of 362 patients with HNSCC from five independent cohorts (153 HPV positive, 209 HPV negative). A multivariable Cox proportional hazard model with bootstrapping (M = 1000) was used for validation of prognostic antibody responses.

Results:

Antibody response to any of the cancer antigens was found in 257 of 362 patients (71%). In HPV-negative patients, antibody responses to c-myc, MAGE-A1, -A4, and Rhodopsin E2 (combined as ARhigh risk) were significantly associated with shorter overall survival. In HPV-positive patients, antibody responses to IMP-1 were discovered as a negative prognostic factor. ARhigh risk (HR = 1.76) and antibody responses to IMP-1 (HR = 3.28) were confirmed as independent markers for a poor prognosis in a multivariable Cox proportional hazard model with bootstrapping (M = 1000).

Conclusions:

We identified antibody responses to cancer antigens that associate with a dismal prognosis in patients with HNSCC beyond HPV-positive status. ARhigh risk may be used to detect HPV-negative patients with an extraordinarily bad prognosis. Most importantly, antibody response to IMP-1 may serve as a marker for a subgroup of HPV-positive patients who present with a poor prognosis similar to that in HPV-negative patients.
Défaut de justice et narrations compensatoires chez Sophie Bienvenu, Lydie Salvayre et Julia Deck
Authors: Bérard Cassie , Warren Élise
Published: August 2019

Cet article veut observer le rôle déficient de la justice dans trois œuvres de fiction narrative contemporaines où le personnage principal est accusé d’un crime. Silencieuse ou stéréotypée, la justice représentée dans les romans n’en impose pas moins une vérité de la fiction (un verdict de culpabilité) qui influence la lecture. Ainsi, nous cherchons à voir comment les narrations ambiguës tentent de compenser le défaut de justice et comment, par une lecture réparatrice, le lecteur redonne aux personnages une humanité que la justice leur retire.
Carta de Voltaire a Étienne-Noël Damilaville: tradução e comentário
Authors: Bedê Ana Luiza Reis
Published: August 2019

Em 1765, Voltaire escreveu ao amigo Damilaville apresentando as motivações que o levaram a assumir a defesa do comerciante protestante Jean Calas e sua família. Na carta, relatou os principais momentos do caso, os percalços no caminho de sua resolução e introduziu o caso Sirven -que o ocuparia logo após obter a  vitória no caso Calas. Embora a missiva seja endereçada a um único interlocutor, era na verdade destinada à impressão e distribuição entre o público letrado. Consideramos, por excelência, o documento como um libelo no qual o autor aproveita para discorrer sobre a missão dos filósofos.
Early Left Ventricular Involvement Detected by Cardiovascular Magnetic Resonance Feature Tracking in Arrhythmogenic Right Ventricular Cardiomyopathy: The Effects of Left Ventricular Late Gadolinium Enhancement and Right Ventricular Dysfunction
Authors: Chen Xiuyu , Li Lu , Cheng Huaibin , Song Yanyan , Ji Keshan , Chen Lin , Han Tongtong , Lu Minjie , Zhao Shihua
Published: August 2019

Background

Left ventricular (
LV
) involvement is common in arrhythmogenic right ventricular cardiomyopathy (
ARVC
). We aim to evaluate
LV
involvement in
ARVC
patients by cardiovascular magnetic resonance feature tracking.

Methods and Results

Sixty‐eight patients with ARVC and 30 controls were prospectively enrolled.
ARVC
patients were divided into 2 subgroups: the preserved LV ejection fraction (LVEF) group (
LVEF
≥55%, n=27) and the reduced
LVEF
group (
LVEF
<55%, n=41). Cardiovascular magnetic resonance with late gadolinium enhancement (
LGE
) and cardiovascular magnetic resonance feature tracking were performed in all subjects.
LV
global and regional (basal, mid, apical) peak strain (
PS
) in radial, circumferential and longitudinal directions were assessed, respectively. Right ventricular global
PS
in three directions were also analyzed. Compared with the controls,
LV
global and regional
PS
were all significantly impaired in the reduced
LVEF
group (all
P
<0.05). However, only
LV
global longitudinal
PS
as well as mid and apical longitudinal
PS
were impaired in the preserved
LVEF
group (all
P
<0.05), and all these parameters were significantly associated with right ventricular global radial
PS
(
r
=−0.47, −0.47, and −0.49, respectively, all
P
<0.001). The reduced
LVEF
group showed significantly higher prevalence of
LGE
(95.10% versus 63.00%,
P
=0.002) than the preserved
LVEF
group. Moreover,
LV
radial
PS
was significantly reduced in
LV
segments with
LGE
(33.15±20.42%, n=46) than those without
LGE
(41.25±15.98%, n=386) in the preserved
LVEF
group (
P
=0.016).

Conclusions

In patients with
ARVC
, cardiovascular magnetic resonance feature tracking could detect early
LV
dysfunction, which was associated with
LV
myocardial
LGE
and right ventricular dysfunction.
Sex Differences in Long‐Term Survival After Major Cardiac Surgery: A Population‐Based Cohort Study
Authors: Johnston Amy , Mesana Thierry G. , Lee Douglas S. , Eddeen Anan Bader , Sun Louise Y.
Published: August 2019

Background

Little attention has been paid to the importance of sex in the long‐term prognosis of patients undergoing cardiac surgery.

Methods and Results

We conducted a retrospective cohort study of Ontario residents, aged ≥40 years, who underwent coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG) and/or aortic, mitral, or tricuspid valve surgery between October 1, 2008, and December 31, 2016. The primary outcome was all‐cause mortality. The mortality rate in each surgical group was calculated using the Kaplan‐Meier method. The risk of death was assessed using multivariable Cox proportional hazard models. Sex‐specific mortality risk factors were identified using multiplicative interaction terms. A total of 72 824 patients were included in the study (25% women). The median follow‐up period was 5 (interquartile range, 3–7) years. The long‐term age‐standardized mortality rate was lowest in patients who underwent isolated
CABG
and highest among those who underwent combined
CABG
/multiple valve surgery. Women had significantly higher age‐standardized mortality rate than men after
CABG
and combined
CABG
/mitral valve surgery. Men had lower rates of long‐term mortality than women after isolated mitral valve repair, whereas women had lower rates of long‐term mortality than men after isolated mitral valve replacement. We observed a statistically significant association between female sex and long‐term mortality after adjustment for key risk factors.

Conclusions

Female sex was associated with long‐term mortality after cardiac surgery. Perioperative optimization and long‐term follow‐up should be tailored to younger women with a history of myocardial infarction and percutaneous coronary intervention and older men with a history of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease and depression.
Early Experience With Transcatheter Mitral Valve Replacement: A Systematic Review
Authors: del Val David , Ferreira‐Neto Alfredo Nunes , Wintzer‐Wehekind Jerome , Dagenais François , Paradis Jean‐Michel , Bernier Mathieu , O'Connor Kim , Beaudoin Jonathan , Freitas‐Ferraz Afonso B. , Rodés‐Cabau Josep
Published: August 2019

Background

Transcatheter mitral valve replacement (
TMVR
) has emerged as an alternative therapeutic option for the treatment of severe mitral regurgitation in patients with prohibitive or high surgical risk. The aim of this systematic review is to evaluate the clinical procedural characteristics and outcomes associated with the early
TMVR
experience.

Methods and Results

Published studies and international conference presentations reporting data on
TMVR
systems were identified. Only records including clinical characteristics, procedural results, and 30‐day and midterm outcomes were analyzed. A total of 16 publications describing 308 patients were analyzed. Most patients (65.9%) were men, with a mean age of 75 years (range: 69–81 years) and Society for Thoracic Surgery Predicted Risk of Mortality score of 7.7% (range: 6.1–8.6%). The etiology of mitral regurgitation was predominantly secondary or mixed (87.1%), and 81.5% of the patients were in New York Heart Association class
III
or
IV
. A transapical approach was used in 81.5% of patients, and overall technical success was high (91.7%). Postprocedural mean transmitral gradient was 3.5 mm Hg (range: 3–5.5 mm Hg), and only 4 cases (1.5%) presented residual moderate to severe mitral regurgitation. Procedural and all‐cause 30‐day mortality were 4.6% and 13.6%, respectively. Left ventricular outflow obstruction and conversion to open heart surgery were reported in 0.3% and 4% of patients, respectively. All‐cause and cardiovascular‐related mortality rates were 27.6% and 23.3%, respectively, after a mean follow‐up of 10 (range: 3 to 24) months.

Conclusions

TMVR
was a feasible, less invasive alternative for treating severe mitral regurgitation in patients with high or prohibitive surgical risk.
TMVR
was associated with a high rate of successful valve implantation and excellent hemodynamic results. However, periprocedural complications and all‐cause mortality were relatively high.
Typifications of three names in Elaeocarpus (Elaeocarpaceae)

Authors: GOLE CHARUTA N. , NIMBALKAR VARSHA V. , SARDESAI MILIND M.
Published: August 2019

Elaeocarpus L. is the largest genus of the family Elaeocarpaceae represented by about 350 species worldwide (Coode 2004: 142). The arboreal Old World genus is distributed in subtropical Asia and Pacific Islands to Australia and Madagascar except the African continent (Coode 2004: 137, 138).
Erratum: ANDREI V. GRISCHENKO, DENNIS P. GORDON & TARAS B. MOROZOV (2018) Fatkullina imitata n. sp., second species of a unique cheilostome bryozoan genus with reversed-polarity zooidal budding, and new family Fatkullinidae. Zootaxa, 4508: 068–084.
Authors: GRISCHENKO ANDREI V. , GORDON DENNIS P. , MOROZOV TARAS B.
Published: August 2019

N/A
Demosponges from the sublittoral and shallow-circalittoral (<24m depth) Antarctic Peninsula with a description of four new species and notes on
in situ identification characteristics
Authors: GOODWIN CLAIRE E. , BERMAN JADE , HENDRY KATHARINE R.
Published: August 2019

Specimens were collected by SCUBA diving from 22 sites along the Antarctic Peninsula, spanning latitudes from Diomedea Island (62°12.185’S) to Jenny Island (67°43.325’S). The aims of the survey were to record the sponge biodiversity of the sublittoral and shallow-circalittoral and to provide information on in situ identification features. In total 24 sponge species were recorded, ranging from 0 to 12 species per site. The most widespread species were Dendrilla antarctica (10 sites), Sphaerotylus antarcticus (11 sites); and Mycale (Oxymycale) acerata (13 sites). Four species new to science were discovered and are described here: Megaciella cardenasi sp. nov., Crella (Crella) hennequinae sp. nov., Hymedesmia (Hymedesmia) noramaloneae sp. nov., Clathria (Clathria) priestleyae sp. nov. Suberites topsenti (Burton, 1929) is reassigned to Hemimycale topsenti (Burton, 1929) comb. nov. General habitat notes are provided for the survey sites, many of which were previously unsurveyed.
The Tortricidae (Lepidoptera) of Bhutan
Authors: GROENEN FRANS , WANGDI KARMA
Published: August 2019

Twenty-five species of Tortricidae from Bhutan are discussed, 14 of which are recorded for the first time: Acleris perfundana Kuznetsov, 1962, Archips limatus Razowski, 1977, Chirapsina expleta (Meyrick, 1923), Clepsis humana (Meyrick, 1912), Adoxophyes privatana (Walker, 1863), Lumaria probolias (Meyrick, 1907), Meridemis bathymorpha Diakonoff, 1976, Isodemis illiberalis Meyrick, 1918, Lobesia ambigua Diakonoff, 1954, Metendothenia ordospina Jirasuttayaporn & Pinkeaw, 2018, Gibberifera glaciata (Meyrick, 1907), Crocidosema plebejana Zeller, 1847, Lepteucosma charassuncus Razowski, 2006, and Microsarotis bicincta Diakonoff, 1976. Females of Chirapsina expleta and Epiblema charadrias Diakonoff, 1977 are described and illustrated for the first time. Nine new species are described: Eupoecilia jakarana, sp. nov., E. gedui, sp. nov., Lumaria phuntschona, sp. nov., Borneogena trashiyana, sp. nov., Bactra cophinana, sp. nov., Penthostola subnigrantis, sp. nov., M. brunnofasciana, sp. nov., Peridaedala nigrifasciana, sp. nov., and Epiblema albulusana, sp. nov. Adults and their genitalia are illustrated.
A new locality of Koeneniodes madecassus Remy, 1950 (Palpigradi: Eukoeneniidae) in China, with the first complete redescription of a Koeneniodes species
Authors: BU YUN , SOUZA MAYSA FERNANDA VILLELA REZENDE , FERREIRA RODRIGO LOPES
Published: August 2019

Koeneniodes madecassus Remy, 1950 is reported from Guangxi Province, Southwest China for the first time. Since there has been neither a Koeneniodes record nor any morphological addendum since 1997, several traits used in contemporary palpigrade taxonomy have remained unknown for this genus. Here, we redescribe K. madecassus according to modern standards and provide information on the chaetotaxy of the pedipalp and the four legs, the shape of setae on the body, and some relevant measurements and indices. The geographical distribution of the species is outlined and discussed.
A new species of Indonemoura (Plecoptera: Nemouridae) from Guangdong Province of southern China
Authors: MO RAORAO , WANG GUOQUAN , YANG DING , LI WEIHAI
Published: August 2019

A new species of Nemouridae, Indonemoura bifida sp. nov., is described from Guangdong Province of southern China. This new taxon is compared with related congeners.
1. Past History and Deaths Foretold
Authors: Lisboa Maria Manuel
Published: August 2019

Chapter One begins with an identification of a centuries-long poetic tradition – the worship of vanished female icons. Lisboa then examines the contrast between Eça de Queirós’ novel’s (The Sin of Father Amaro) portrayal of the female protagonist versus Paula Rego’s “empowered rendition” of that same character; and an analysis of three of Rego’s 1960s oppositional works that allude to political regimes and their leadership through the person, symbolism, and policies.

There is an exploration of Rego's mid-1980s to mid-90s move from both abstractionism and the cut-and-paste method to a more figurative mode; the “personal over the political” in these paintings, such as the Girl and Dog series; and Rego’s casting of reversed gender roles. Lisboa further considers the topics of sexuality, violence and religion in Rego’s paintings. Rego’s paintings are analyzed in great detail, and there is a discussion of her recurring signifiers and themes, including the sea and national loss, the colonialism, and her antagonistic portrayal of the “sailing adventures of the motherland.” There is an examination of Rego’s vision of national history and the political mismanagement “with anarchy always close to the surface.” The use and purpose of distorted scale in her paintings is explored. Finally, the discussion turns to a comparison between dog and man in Rego’s artwork, specifically in terms of the actions (either nurturing or harming) of girls toward dogs. The depiction of females as dogs in Rego’s paintings is contrasted with her portrayal of males in that role. Her representations of different animals are also discussed, including wolves and their connections to dogs and man.
Utilizing Precipitation and Spring Discharge Data to Identify Groundwater Quick Flow Belts in a Karst Spring Catchment
Authors: An Lixing , Ren Xingyuan , Hao Yonghong , Jim Yeh Tian-Chyi , Zhang Baoju
Published: August 2019

In karst terrains, fractures and conduits often occur in clusters, forming groundwater quick flow belts, which are the major passages of groundwater and solute transport. We propose a cost-effective method that utilizes precipitation and spring discharge data to identify groundwater quick flow belts by the multitaper method (MTM). In this paper, hydrological processes were regarded as the transformation of precipitation signals to spring discharge signals in a karst spring catchment. During the processes, karst aquifers played the role of signal filters. Only those signals with high energy could penetrate through aquifers and reflect in the spring discharge, while other weak signals were filtered out or altered by aquifers. Hence, MTM was applied to detect and reconstruct the signals that penetrate through aquifers. Subsequently, by analyzing the reconstructed signals of precipitation with those of spring discharge, we acquired the hydraulic response time and identified the quick flow belts. Finally, the methods were applied to the Niangziguan Spring (NS) catchment, China. Results showed that the hydraulic response time of the spring discharge to precipitation was 3 months at Pingding County; 4 months at Yuxian County, Yangquan City, Xiyang County, and Heshun County; and 27 months at Shouyang County and Zouquan County. These results suggested that Pingding County is located at a groundwater quick flow belt, which is a major passage of groundwater and contaminants, in the NS catchment. This is important since Pingding County is not only the key development area of karst groundwater but also the key conservation area for sustainable development of karst groundwater resources in NS catchment.
Testing the Assumptions Underlying Ocean Mixing Methodologies Using Direct Numerical Simulations
Authors: Taylor J. R. , de Bruyn Kops S. M. , Caulfield C. P. , Linden P. F.
Published: August 2019

Direct numerical simulations of stratified turbulence are used to test several fundamental assumptions involved in the Osborn, Osborn–Cox, and Thorpe methods commonly used to estimate the turbulent diffusivity from field measurements. The forced simulations in an idealized triply periodic computational domain exhibit characteristic features of stratified turbulence including intermittency and layer formation. When calculated using the volume-averaged dissipation rates from the simulations, the vertical diffusivities inferred from the Osborn and Osborn–Cox methods are within 40% of the value diagnosed using the volume-averaged buoyancy flux for all cases, while the Thorpe-scale method performs similarly well in the simulation with a relatively large buoyancy Reynolds number (Reb ≃ 240) but significantly overestimates the vertical diffusivity in simulations with Reb < 60. The methods are also tested using a limited number of vertical profiles randomly selected from the computational volume. The Osborn, Osborn–Cox, and Thorpe-scale methods converge to their respective estimates based on volume-averaged statistics faster than the vertical diffusivity calculated directly from the buoyancy flux, which is contaminated with reversible contributions from internal waves. When applied to a small number of vertical profiles, several assumptions underlying the Osborn and Osborn–Cox methods are not well supported by the simulation data. However, the vertical diffusivity inferred from these methods compares reasonably well to the exact value from the simulations and outperforms the assumptions underlying these methods in terms of the relative error. Motivated by a recent theoretical development, it is speculated that the Osborn method might provide a reasonable approximation to the diffusivity associated with the irreversible buoyancy flux.
The Distribution of School Quality: Do Schools Serving Mostly White and High-SES Children Produce the Most Learning?
Authors: Downey Douglas B. , Quinn David M. , Alcaraz Melissa
Published: August 2019

What is schools’ role in the stratification system? One view is that schools are an important mechanism for perpetuating inequality because children from advantaged backgrounds (white and high socioeconomic) enjoy better school learning environments than their disadvantaged peers. But it is difficult to know this with confidence because children’s development is a product of both school and nonschool factors, making it a challenge to isolate school’s role. A novel approach for isolating school effects is to estimate the difference in learning when school is in versus out, what is called impact. Scholars employing this strategy have come to a remarkable conclusion—that schools serving disadvantaged children produce as much learning as those serving advantaged children. The empirical basis for this position is modest, however, and so we address several shortcomings of the previous research by analyzing a nationally representative sample of about 3,500 children in 270 schools from the Early Childhood Longitudinal Study–Kindergarten Cohort of 2011. With more comprehensive data and better scales, we also find no difference in impact on reading scores across schools serving poor or black children versus those serving nonpoor or white children. These patterns challenge the view that differences in school quality play an important role shaping achievement gaps and prompt us to reconsider theoretical positions regarding schools and inequality.
Investigating the relationship between social support and school burnout in Turkish middle school students: The mediating role of hope
Authors: Gungor Abdi
Published: August 2019

The literature has documented the relationships between school burnout and mental health, academic achievement, and overall quality of life. Furthermore, hope and social support have been identified as important factors for coping with stress and have been found to be negatively related to undesirable emotional states. The present study aimed to examine the effects of demographic variables, social support, and hope on school burnout in Turkish middle school students. More importantly, hope was investigated as a possible mediator of the relationship between social support and school burnout. Hierarchical regression analyses were performed to investigate the effects of social support and hope on school burnout. Additionally, a bootstrapping procedure was employed to test mediational effects of hope on the effects of social support. The results revealed that, after controlling demographic variables, social support and hope negatively predicted school burnout. Mediation analyses showed that hope significantly and partially mediated the link between social support and school burnout. Specifically, students with higher levels of social support reported having higher levels of hope, which in turn was associated with lower levels of school burnout. The results and limitations are discussed along with implications for future research and educational planning.
Zooming in on Institutional Politics: Professional accountability systems as institutional weaponry
Authors: Pas Berber , Wolters Rinske , Lauche Kristina
Published: August 2019

In this paper we focus on the development of professional accountability systems as a form of systemic power to enhance institutional control, particularly on the associated institutional politics – the interplay between institutional control and institutional work by different (collective) actors. We address the dialectical nature of these institutional politics and identify three types of power tactics underpinning institutional work: attacking, anticipating and defending. Articulating these power tactics revealed the dialectical flux of power tactics between different parties, and how this in turn arose from and affected the development and strength of (new) systemic power. This shows how gaining institutional control over mostly self-employed professionals (veterinarians) through systemic power without legislation is a more sophisticated process than often assumed based on studies of professionals working in large service firms.
Flying-Gallop and Foreshortening: Winner Circle
Authors: Kennedy John M. , Mastandrea Stefano , Juricevic Igor , Wnuczko Marta
Published: August 2019

As Winner (1982) argued, we “read” a lot in to pictures, aptly via metaphor—which applies to unreal stretch in flying-gallop—but inaccurately with perspective—we underestimate compression of the azimuth.
An impaired glucagon-like peptide-1 response is associated with prediabetes in polycystic ovary syndrome with obesity
Authors: Ferjan Simona , Jensterle Mojca , Oblak Tjasa , Zitnik Irena Prodan , Marc Janja , Goricar Katja , Dolzan Vita , Janez Andrej
Published: August 2019

Objective

Impaired glucose homeostasis in polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is associated with obesity, age, and disease phenotype. This study aimed to investigate the glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) response in patients with obesity and PCOS with normal glucose tolerance (NGT) or prediabetes.

Methods

Twenty-six women with obesity and PCOS were included. Thirteen women had NGT and 13 had prediabetes. Serum glucose, insulin, and GLP-1 levels were measured during an oral glucose tolerance test. Beta-cell function and insulin resistance were determined.

Results

Women with prediabetes had significantly lower GLP-1 levels than did those with NGT after a glucose load. GLP-1 levels <3.02 pM at 120 minutes were associated with prediabetes. Women with prediabetes had a lower oral glucose insulin sensitivity (OGIS) index and greater amount of visceral adipose tissue than did those with NGT. Plasma GLP-1 levels at 120 minutes were correlated with visceral adiposity and the OGIS index. A change in GLP-1 levels was correlated with a family history of type 2 diabetes.

Conclusion

The GLP-1 response is lower in patients with obesity, PCOS, and prediabetes than in those with obesity, PCOS, and NGT. Further investigation of the GLP-1 response as a potential separate risk factor for prediabetes in PCOS is required.
Primary maxillofacial chordoma: a rare case report and literature review
Authors: Cui Yu , Cui Xiang-yan , Yu Tingting , Zhu Zhan-peng , Wang Xin
Published: August 2019

Primary maxillofacial chordoma is extremely rare. We herein report a very rare case of a recurrent maxillofacial chordate tumor that was diagnosed in a 56-year-old woman who underwent three tumor resections. After surgical treatment, the patient healed well with an Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group score of 1. She was discharged to a local hospital for adjuvant radiotherapy. Close follow-up was ongoing at the time of this writing. Radical surgery and adjuvant radiotherapy remain the main treatment strategies for chordoma. Postoperative radiotherapy is particularly important. Our experience is to administer a total dose of 50 Gy to a clearly delineated target. If appropriate comprehensive treatment is available, distant metastasis of primary chordoma is rare, and neck dissection is therefore not generally recommended. Neck lymph node dissection is generally not recommended.
Aspiration during anaesthesia in the first 4000 incidents reported to webAIRS
Authors: Kluger Michal T , Culwick Martin D , Moore Matthew R , Merry Alan F
Published: August 2019

The first 4000 reports to the webAIRS anaesthesia incident reporting database were used to evaluate pulmonary aspiration in patients undergoing procedures under general anaesthesia or sedation. Demographic data, predisposing factors, outcome and potential preventative measures were evaluated. In these reports, 121 cases of aspiration were identified. Aspirated substances included gastric contents, bile type fluids, blood and solids; 60 (49.6%) patients were admitted to the intensive care unit/high dependency unit, and 43 (35.5%) required mechanical ventilation. Aspiration was associated with significant harm in >50% of reports, and eight (6.6%) patients died. Factors associated with a risk ratio of aspiration >1.5 and outside the 95% confidence interval for no event included: age >80 years, emergency procedure, procedure undertaken in freestanding day unit or gastroenterology department, procedure undertaken between 1800 and 2200 hours and endoscopy procedures. Only 11 (9%) cases appeared to be inadequately fasted, and 77 (64%) were definitely fasted. In the remaining 33 (27%), fasting was not mentioned. In 18 (14.9%) cases, aspiration occurred in the presence of cricoid pressure. Potential measures to prevent aspiration included using a cuffed endotracheal tube rather than a laryngeal mask airway in cases at high risk of aspiration and being made more aware of potential risk factors by improvements in team communication. Aspiration continues to be an important complication of anaesthesia, and one that can be difficult to predict and to prevent.
A simple cyst is not always simply a cyst: A case of cystic recurrence after nephrectomy for tubulocystic renal cell carcinoma and literature review
Authors: Salvatori Fabio , Macchini Marco , Misericordia Marco , Paci Enrico , Giovagnoni Andrea , Candelari Roberto
Published: August 2019

Tubulocystic renal cell carcinoma is a rare subtype of renal tumor according to the 2016 World Health Organization, and less than 100 cases have been documented up to date in literature. The imaging features are not well known and to the best of our knowledge, there is not a radiology description of recurrence from tubulocystic renal cell carcinoma in the literature. We describe the case of a 70-year-old man with unusual cystic lesions in the left hypochondrium 11 years after a nephrectomy for tubulocystic renal cell carcinoma on the same side, and we report a review of the clinical characteristics of metastatic tubulocystic renal cell carcinoma.
“We Make Our Own Rules Here”: Democratic Communities, Corporate Logics, and “No Excuses” Practices in a Charter School Management Organization
Authors: Stahl Garth D.
Published: August 2019

Recently, there has been growing debate over the managerial and leadership practices of expanding charter school networks, often referred to as Charter School Management Organizations (CMOs). CMOs—which typically serve low–socioeconomic status students of color—are deeply tied to education reform efforts in the United States. Many CMOs consistently promote the belief that education can and should borrow heavily from the “best practices” of corporate culture and many have unlimited resources to enact their vision of educational success, closely aligned with what has been called “no excuses” schooling. Research on the daily practices of leaders working in a CMO remains limited; we know very little of how corporate ideologies are enacted in schooling. Drawing on ethnographic vignettes, I explore the daily life in one school within a CMO network considering to what extent corporate practices de-democratize education, produce neoliberal subjectivities, and shape experiences with learning for disadvantaged populations.
City Profile: Madurai, India
Authors: Kundu Debolina , Lahiri Baishali , Pandey Arvind , Sharma Pragya
Published: August 2019

Madurai city, in the state of Tamil Nadu, is one of the ancient temple cities of India and has been existing since two millennia. It is the second largest city in terms of area and the third largest in terms of population in the state. Despite this, the city’s population and economy is shrinking. In 2010, the city’s boundary expanded to cover the entire urban agglomeration. But even after 9 years of integration, differences exist between the newly merged areas and the old city. The spatial division in provision of basic services coupled with the characteristics of a shrinking city has posed fundamental challenges in the path of sustainable development. This article discusses the development of Madurai city with regard to its history, demography, economy, health and education infrastructure. It also offers insights into the unique challenges faced by the city and discusses the policy implications for reversal of the retardation of the city to that of holistic progress.