bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Visual impairment in stroke patients: a two-part review. Part I — prevalence
Authors: Marfina Tatyana V. , Konchugova Tatiana V. , Kulchitskaya Detelina В. , Yurova Olga V.
Published: November 2024

The symptoms and syndromes associated with visual impairment that occur in acute cerebrovascular accident (OMNA) of various parts of the brain are quite characteristic, can develop with circulatory disorders in various arteries of the brain and depend on the severity of damage to brain tissues. Disorders of vision and oculomotor functions, including decreased central vision, impaired peripheral vision, limited eye mobility and impaired visual perception, are widespread among patients who have suffered a cerebral stroke. This article is the first part of a two-part review devoted to the problem of visual impairment in patients with acute cerebral circulatory disorders. In the first part, we examined the prevalence and diversity of such violations. The second part will provide an overview of the methods of rehabilitation of patients in this category.
Main content of the rewiew. The data of the analysis of the prevalence of various types of visual impairments in patients who have undergone ONMC are presented, based on publications in international and domestic databases OpenAlex, Scilit, Lens, PubMed, Cyberleninka and eLibrary.ru available for analysis by August 15, 2024, with a search depth of mostly 15 years. As a result of the search, 52 articles on a given topic were reviewed. In addition, 5 sources dated from an earlier period (1989–2000) were used, as they contain the necessary information within the framework of this review.
Conclusion. Visual impairment entails a significant decrease in the quality of life of such a category of patients. To obtain a complete picture of the patient’s condition after a cerebral stroke, it is necessary to conduct a thorough targeted screening of visual impairment.
This will allow you to take timely measures to restore visual functions, which may have a beneficial effect on further rehabilitation.
Effect of blood flow restriction training on insulin resistance in men with metabolic syndrome: a randomized controlled trial
Authors: Sverchkov Vadim V. , Bykov Evgeny V.
Published: November 2024

Introduction. Metabolic syndrome is defined as a pathological condition characterized by abdominal obesity, hypertension, dyslipidemia, and impaired glucose tolerance. Insulin resistance is hypothesized to underlie metabolic syndrome. Modern studies, including Mendelian randomization, have demonstrated that muscle strength and muscle mass may play an important role in the mechanisms of insulin resistance.
Aim. To establish the relationship between relative upper limb muscle strength and triglyceride/glucose index, and to evaluate the effects of different resistance exercise regimens on alternative measures of insulin resistance in men with metabolic syndrome.
Materials and methods. At the first stage of the study, 216 men aged from 25 to 50 years were examined. The relative muscle strength of the upper limbs in the bench press exercise and the triglyceride/glucose index were assessed. At the second stage, a randomized controlled trial was conducted, for which 60 men who met the criteria for metabolic syndrome. Men with metabolic syndrome were divided into three groups: low-intensity strength training with blood flow restriction (n = 20), high-intensity strength training (n = 20), low-intensity strength training without blood flow restriction (n = 20). Training was carried out 2 times a week for 12 weeks. Before and after the study, the triglycerides/glucose index, the ratio of triglycerides to high-density lipoproteins, and the combination of the triglycerides/glucose index with body mass index were assessed.
Results and discussion. It was found that the relative muscle strength of the upper limbs was inversely proportional to the triglycerides/glucose index (r = –0.52; p 0.05) in the examined men. After 12 weeks of resistance training, statistically significant reductions in triglyceride/glucose index, triglyceride/high-density lipoprotein ratio, and triglyceride/glucose index/body mass index combination were found for the low-intensity resistance training with blood flow restriction and high-intensity resistance training groups (both, p 0,01). Changes in body composition, an increase in the proportion of muscle fibers I and IIa and a decrease in the proportion of muscle fibers IIx, an increase in the activity of glucose transporters, and a decrease in systemic inflammation are the main potential mechanisms for the beneficial effects of resistance training, including in combination with blood flow restriction, on insulin resistance in men with metabolic syndrome.
Conclusion. There is an inverse relationship between muscle strength and triglycerides/glucose index; resistance training is an effective and safe tool for reducing alternative indicators of insulin resistance and can be included in comprehensive correction programs for men with metabolic syndrome.
Electrical stimulation methods for scoliosis in children: a literature review
Authors: Khan Maya A. , Pogonchenkova Irena V. , Talkovsky Evgeny M. , Vybornov Dmitry Yu. , Kuyantseva Lyudmila V. , Tarasov Nikolai I. , Koroteev Vladimir V.
Published: November 2024

Introduction. Scoliosis is one of the most common orthopedic diseases of childhood and adolescence, leading to disability and reducing the child’s quality of life. The prevalence of scoliosis in the structure of pediatric orthopedic pathology reaches 30 %. In 50 % of cases, the disease is characterized by a severe progressive course, especially during puberty.
Aim. Studying the effectiveness of electrical stimulation methods for scoliosis in children to develop recommendations for their practical use based on the analysis of systematic reviews and randomized controlled trials.
Materials and methods. The search was carried out using the database of evidence-based physiotherapy PubMed, Cyberleninka and eLIBRARY using the keywords: «electrical stimulation», «pulse currents», «scoliosis», «children» for the period from 2008–2024.Exclusion criteria: articles published on this topic before 2008.
Main content. The main methods of physiotherapy used in the treatment of scoliosis in children are electrotherapy methods, among which electrical stimulation plays a leading role. The advantage of electrical stimulation for scoliosis in children is to provide training in the strength and tone of the back muscles on the side of the deformity. Electrical stimulation is indicated for scoliosis of I and II degrees. The greatest effect in the correction of scoliotic spinal deformity in children is observed with the combined use of electrical stimulation and exercise therapy. This review provides data on the relevance of medical rehabilitation of scoliosis in children, the mechanism of action of electrical stimulation, data on the effectiveness of using electrical stimulation methods for scoliosis in children: sinusoidal modulated currents, diadynamic therapy, transcutaneous electrical neurostimulation, interference therapy, fluctuarization and functional programmable electrical stimulation.
Conclusion. Currently, a wide range of electrical stimulation technologies has been developed for the medical rehabilitation of children with scoliosis, among which sinusoidally modulated currents and diadynamic currents are most often used. Transcutaneous electrical neurostimulation, having a predominantly antinociceptive effect, also has an effect on muscle contractions. Functional programmable electrical stimulation of muscles is a promising technology for medical rehabilitation of children with scoliosis, requiring further study and scientific justification.
Study of physiological reactions in healthy individuals in different microclimate: a pilot study
Authors: Grishechkina Irina А. , Yakovlev Maxim Yu. , Fesyun Anatoliy D. , Nikitin Mikhail V. , Parfenov Andrey A. , Usova Irina A.
Published: November 2024

Introduction. Studying the influence of meteorological and heliophysical factors on the human body is an urgent problem in restorative medicine.
Aim. To study the characteristics of the microclimatic zones of the territory of the village of Arkhipo-Osipovka, the Black Sea coast of the Krasnodar Territory and the physiological parameters of healthy volunteers before and after the terrainkur in order to assess the effectiveness of its individual routes.
Materials and methods. Bioclimatic zoning of the territory of the SKK “Vulan” was carried out, the village of Arkhipo-Osipovka, the Black Sea coast of the Krasnodar Territory, according to standard methods in October 2023. In October 2023, a clinical study was conducted with the participation of 12 healthy volunteers, using a cross-sectional study design. All study participants went through a standard health path route every day in different microclimatic zones, before and after which a psychophysiological study was carried out, heart rate variability (HRV) was assessed, microcirculation and composition body weight using the bioimpedance method.
Results and discussion. It was revealed that the psychophysiological state of the volunteers was characterized by overstrain of regulatory systems (the median indicator of activity of regulatory systems in all zones was 7.0); after the health path, statistically significant changes in HRV, hemodynamic parameters, microcirculation and body composition were noted (p 0.05). However, the rate of increase or decrease in indicators was heterogeneous in different microclimates (p 0.05). According to the results of the cluster analysis, the circulation regime was associated with indicators of HRV and microcirculation, and ambient temperature with HRV and body composition. When analyzing the body’s adaptive response to the influence of climatic factors and identified microclimatic zones, the same type of nonspecific response of the body of healthy volunteers to physical activity was recorded, but the degree of severity of this response was different.
Conclusion. The introduction of bioclimatic zoning in sanatorium-resort organizations will allow optimizing health path techniques, due to the possibility of dosing the climatic load, by determining the optimal location, time of year and microclimate for conducting sanatorium-resort treatment.
Sensitivity of the hospital anxiety and depression scale HADS in stroke patients
Authors: Kuzyukova Anna А. , Odarushenko Olga I. , Marchenkova Larisa А. , Usova Irina А. , Fesyun Anatoliy D.
Published: November 2024

Introduction. The validated Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale HADS is recommended for screening symptoms of anxiety and depression in the routine practice of somatic doctors; it is also recommended by experts for use in rehabilitation medicine and frequently used in scientific research to assess the emotional state of stroke patients. At the same time, the literature provides various contradictory data on the sensitivity of this scale for stroke patients.
Aim. To evaluate the detectability of emotional disorders in stroke patients using the HADS scale in comparison with the author’s computer program for studying the actual emotional state of the patient.
Materials and methods. 60 stroke patients underwent inpatient rehabilitation in the National Medical Research Center for Rehabilitation and Balneology were randomly divided into 2 groups. 30 patients of Group 1 received a basic rehabilitation complex (aimed at correcting motor disorders); 30 patients of Group 2 received a basic rehabilitation complex in combination with a course of cognitive behavioral psychotherapy (CBT). To assess the emotional state at the beginning and at the end of rehabilitation, the HADS scale and the author’s computer program were used to study the actual emotional state of the patient. Statistical analysis was carried out using the Statistica-10 program.
Results. The study groups were comparable in gender, age and clinical parameters. Initially, in patients of both groups, the median values of anxiety and depression on the HADS Scale corresponded to the norm, while the median values of the author’s methodology corresponded to a low level of comfort, the presence of fatigue, high levels of anxiety and depression. At the end of rehabilitation, according to the HADS Scale, significant positive dynamics was revealed in both groups, both for depression and anxiety (p 0.05), without significant intergroup differences. Whereas with the help of the author’s methodology, significant intergroup differences (p 0.05) were revealed, indicating a better positive dynamics of the emotional state in group 2, additionally receiving CBT.
Conclusion. In comparison with the author’s program in stroke patients, the HADS scale is significantly less sensitive in the diagnosis of anxiety and depression, and does not reflect the established intergroup difference in the dynamics of emotional state after the use of the basic complex and its combination with CBT.
The role of Toll-like receptor 4 Asp299Gly genetic polymorphism in rehabilitation of patients with post-COVID syndrome
Authors: Dudchenko Leуla Sh. , Beloglazov Vladimir A. , Yatskov Igor А. , Andreeva Galina N. , Solovyova Elena A. , Shulyak Irina V.
Published: November 2024

Introduction. The multivariability of the clinical course of post-covid syndrome (PCS) is associated with genetic heterogeneity of the population, which leads to a high interest in the study of genotypes.
Aim. To evaluate the role of Toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4 (Asp229Gly) polymorphism in the formation of PCS and rehabilitation potential.
Materials and methods. The study included 92 patients diagnosed with PCS between the ages of 21 and 75. All patients received a comprehensive clinical, laboratory, functional examination and quality of life assessment at admission and discharge. Deoxyribonucleic acid isolation and allele-specific polymerase chain reaction were performed from whole blood using «Lytech» kits (Russia) according to the manufacturer's instructions. Formation of groups for statistical processing was carried out in accordance with the results of genetic analysis. Patients received comprehensive rehabilitation, including: climatotherapy, exercise therapy, massage, aromatherapy, respiratory therapy. Performance was assessed based on the dynamics of the studied indicators.
Results and discussion. Of the 92 patients included in the study, 22 (23.9 %) were AA homozygotes, 33 (35.8 %) were GG, and 37 (40.3 %) were AG heterozygotes. By age, the groups were comparable. The gender ratio was predominantly female in all groups. According to the initial characteristics, the condition of patients with more pronounced clinical symptoms was in the group of patients with the AG genotype. All groups showed varying degrees of positive dynamics. The dependence of the severity of PCS and the effectiveness of rehabilitation on genetic predisposition was established. Different severity of initial clinical symptoms and deviations of functional parameters were revealed. Significant differences were found when assessing the effectiveness of rehabilitation. Positive dynamics was observed in all groups, but most successfully in the AG group. This confirms the role of TLR4 in the immunological response to SARS-CoV-2 and its genetic polymorphism in a wide range of manifestations of both acute COVID-19 and PCS.
Conclusions. The effectiveness of rehabilitation in patients with PCS is interrelated with the genetic heterogeneity of TLR4. The heterozygous variant of the AG genotype forms more pronounced clinical manifestations of PCS, but also a higher rehabilitation potential, which contributes to the successful completion of rehabilitation. The minor allele TLR4 (Asp299Gly) G is associated with a worsening of the course of PCS. Patients with the homozygous GG genotype need a longer course of rehabilitation.
Bee venom phonophoresis on mild to moderate localized plaque psoriasis on a knee joint: a randomized controlled trial
Authors: Elfeky Heba M. , Elfahl Ahmed М. , Ibrahim Maha G.
Published: November 2024

Introduction. In psoriasis, plaque psoriasis is the most common kind. Patients may experience mild to severe symptoms, and while the sickness is not lethal, it is difficult to cure.
Aim. The purpose of this study is to evaluate the efficacy of bee venom phonophoresis in treating mild to moderate plaque psoriasis of the knee.
Materials and methods. Group A received bee venom phonophoresis in conjunction with conservative care, group B received bee venom topical application in conjunction with conservative care, and group C served as a control in a double-blind randomized controlled experiment including 96 patients with plaque psoriasis. Over the course of three months, every patient underwent a thorough evaluation that included blood tests to measure systemic inflammation (Neutrophil to lymphocyte ratio, C-reactive protein, and erythrocyte sedimentation rate), as well as PASI (Psoriasis Area and Severity Index) and Isokinetic knee proprioceptive.
Results and disscusion. No statistically significant difference was found between the three groups at baseline measurement; however, a treatment effect was observed after 12 weeks of treatment (p = 0.001 and f-value = 50.718). In addition, both groups (A and B) showed a statistically significant interaction between pre- and post-treatment treatment and time; however, this interaction was much more pronounced and noticeable in group A.
Conclusion. Phonophoresis with bee venom improves proprioception in the knee joint and decreases N/L ratio, CRP, ESR, and PASI.
Registration: Clinicaltrials.gov identifier No. NCT06106230; registered 20.10.2023.
Successful mobility in a wheelchair and the health status of people with paraplegia
Authors: Konovalova Nina G. , Vasilchenko Elena М. , Khokhlova Olga I. , Filatov Evgeny V.
Published: November 2024

Introduction. Possession of a wheelchair allows disabled people with paraplegia to compensate for mobility limitations. In order to build the rehabilitation process, it is important to know what factors hinder and what factors facilitate the development of a wheelchair.
Aim. To determine functional independence, quality of life and secondary health conditions in persons with lower paraplegia and to assess their relationships with the degree of difficulty when moving around in a wheelchair.
Materials and methods. We examined 396 patients with spinal cord injury (SCI) and lower paraplegia who used a wheelchair. The level of independence of the patients was determined using Functional Independence Measure (FIM) and Spinal Cord Independence Measure (SCIM III), quality of life was assessed using the SF-36 questionnaire, secondary health conditions were determined using the SCI SCS scale and the presence of problems moving around in the wheelchair was assessed using category d465 «moving around using equipment» of the International Classification of Functioning, Disability and Health.
Results. Half of the examined patients with SCI had a sufficiently high level of independence when performing daily activities. 43.5 % of the patients showed either moderate, severe or absolute problems moving around in the wheelchair and 65.4 % demonstrated the presence of more than three secondary health conditions. We found negative correlations between the degree of difficulty experienced by the patients when moving around in the wheelchair and the levels of independence in daily life and the indicators of quality of life such as vitality, social functioning and mental health. In binary logistic regression it was ascertained that the significant independent factors associated with difficulty when using the wheelchair were spasticity, contractures of the muscles of the lower limb and circulatory disorders.
Conclusion. The success in using the wheelchair is limited by spasticity, contractures of the muscles of the lower limb and circulatory disorders.
Osteoplastic biomaterials from organic and mineral components of the bone matrix: a literature review
Authors: Markov Pavel А. , Eremin Petr S. , Berezkina Elena S. , Volkova Marina V. , Usova Irina A. , Gilmutdinova Ilmira R.
Published: November 2024

Introduction. The bones of the human and animal have a unique ability to remodel. The ability to constantly renew bone tissue determines the healing of fractures and the adaptation of bones to mechanical loads. However, the process of bone self-healing is effective only for defects of non-critical size. In segmental and critical defects, endogenous stimulation of bone tissue regeneration is required. In this regard, there remains a need to design osteoplastic biomaterials with improved pro-regenerative action. Every year, new data appear that expand our understanding of the methods and mechanisms for stimulating bone tissue restoration using artificial osteoplastic materials.
Aim. Characteristics of modern methods of constructing biomimetic materials from organic and mineral components of bone matrix.
Materials and methods. The literature review was conducted using the PubMed and ScienceDirect databases. Query dates — may–july 2024, query depth — 1965–2024.
Main content of the review. Effective use of bone polymers for the creation of biomimetic osteoplastic materials is possible only with an understanding of the principles of molecular-cellular interaction of biopolymers with bone cells and tissues. By now, it has been established that the ability of collagen to influence the functional activity of cells involved in the reparative regeneration of bone tissue is due to the presence of special patterns in its structure - binding sites with cellular receptors, which are formed by a specific sequence of amino acids in the collagen polypeptide chain. In the case of inorganic bone material, the functionally significant elements are the chemical composition and crystal structure of calcium phosphate salts. A current trend in the design of osteoplastic materials is to impart biomimetic properties to them. At the molecular level, this approach is implemented using as intrafibrillar and extrafibrillar mineralization of collagen fibrils. At the tissue and organ level, biomimicry is achieved through the use of three-dimensional bioprinting technologies.
Conclusion. Thus, thanks to advances in biology, physics, chemistry and engineering sciences, it was possible to develop new technologies for designing osteoplastic materials that imitate the structure and function of native bone tissue. The use of biomaterials created using biomimetics principles increases the efficiency of bone tissue damage restoration.
Rediscovering the Mediterranean Urban Identity: Introducing Recently Launched Academic Journal
Authors: Ahmad Nia Hourakhsh
Published: November 2024

The Mediterranean region, known for its history and diverse cultures has shaped a unique urban landscape influenced by geography, weather and traditions. Surprisingly there has been limited exploration into this special urban environment. The recent launch of the Journal of Mediterranean Cities marks a step in addressing this oversight. By focusing on five themes—Water and Land, Housing and Communities, Heritage & Traditional Studies, Environment and Sustainability and Education—the journal provides a thorough platform for exploring the intricacies of Mediterranean urban planning. This article highlights the journal's role, in Undertaking issues faced by Mediterranean cities promoting interdisciplinary studies and contributing to sustainable urban development solutions.
Improving the Dietary Fiber Content of Tapioca Using Corn Fiber as a Fiber Supplement
Authors: Godwin Tejiri Ukwesan, , Julius Iyasele, , Abraham Omo Ediale, , MOMOH, Shemahu MOMODU- , Bernard Ojeizuanbi AJAYI, , Odion Paul OGIEMUDIA,
Published: November 2024

This research aims to enhance the dietary fiber content of locally produced cassava (manihot spp) food, tapioca, by incorporating corn (Zea mays) as a fiber supplement. Tapioca was prepared by grating cassava into coarse particles and washing it with water to remove starch. Starch analysis was conducted using a spectrophotometric method, revealing a starch content of 70.21% before washing and pressing, and 64.95% after washing and pressing. The tapioca samples were blended with corn fiber (obtained from wet milling of corn seeds that were destarched and dried in the sun) in various ratios: Sample A (100% pure tapioca), Sample B (90% tapioca, 10% corn), Sample C (80% tapioca, 20% corn), Sample D (70% tapioca, 30% corn), and Sample E (60% tapioca, 40% corn). Proximate analysis was performed on the blends to assess the increase in fiber content and any other changes introduced by the corn. Organoleptic properties such as binding, crunchiness, and color were also evaluated. The analysis revealed that the fiber content of tapioca increased from 2.7% to 3.95%, with the blend containing 70% tapioca and 30% fiber showing the highest increase in fiber content and good binding properties.
John André:
Authors: Ronald D.A.B.
Published: November 2024

At the height of the American Revolutionary War, the British hatched a plot to turn a senior American general, Benedict Arnold. Mastermind of the plot was the Huguenot-born Major John André, Adjutant-General and effective head of Britain’s secret service in North America. The plot was discovered at the eleventh hour. André was captured behind American lines and executed as a spy on 2 October 1780. These events are well-known to students of the war, as are the reactions of Americans at the time. Less well-known are the reactions of the British. This article briefly revisits the events but resets them in the context of Britain’s war propaganda, which, at the time, was seeking how best to represent the nation’s quest for empire and had focused on the image of the ‘young British hero’ as a centrepiece of this campaign. This article explores how André and the events of his life and, especially, his death were seen to encapsulate the new iconography.
A Study on the Nested Rings CME Structure Observed by the WISPR Imager Onboard Parker Solar Probe
Authors: Shaik Shaheda Begum , Linton Mark G. , Gibson Sarah E. , Hess Phillip , Colaninno Robin C. , Stenborg Guillermo , Braga Carlos R. , Palmerio Erika
Published: November 2024

Despite the significance of coronal mass ejections (CMEs) in space weather, a comprehensive understanding of their interior morphology remains a scientific challenge, particularly with the advent of many state-of-the-art solar missions such as Parker Solar Probe (Parker) and Solar Orbiter (SO). In this study, we present an analysis of a complex CME as observed by the Wide-Field Imager for Solar PRobe (WISPR) heliospheric imager during Parker’s seventh solar encounter. The CME morphology does not fully conform with the general three-part density structure, exhibiting a front and core not significantly bright, with a highly structured overall configuration. In particular, its morphology reveals nonconcentric nested rings, which we argue are a signature of the embedded helical magnetic flux rope of the CME. For that, we analyze the morphological and kinematical properties of the nested density structures and demonstrate that they outline the projection of the three-dimensional structure of the flux rope as it crosses the lines of sight of the WISPR imager, thereby revealing the magnetic field geometry. Comparison of observations from various viewpoints suggests that the CME substructures can be discerned owing to the ideal viewing perspective, close proximity, and spatial resolution of the observing instrument.
The Proper Motion of the High Galactic Latitude Pulsar Calvera
Authors: Rigoselli M. , Mereghetti S. , Halpern J. P. , Gotthelf E. V. , Bassa C. G.
Published: November 2024

Calvera (1RXS J141256.0+792204) is a pulsar of characteristic age 285 kyr at a high Galactic latitude of b = +37°, detected only in soft thermal X-rays. We measure a new and precise proper motion for Calvera using Chandra High Resolution Camera observations obtained 10 yr apart. We also derive a new phase-connected ephemeris using 6 yr of NICER data, including the astrometric position and proper motion as fixed parameters in the timing solution. Calvera is located near the center of a faint, circular radio ring that was recently discovered by LOFAR and confirmed as a supernova remnant (SNR) by the detection of γ-ray emission with Fermi Large Area Telescope. The proper motion of 78.5 ± 2.9 mas yr−1 at position angle 241.°3 ± 2.°2 (in Galactic coordinates) points away from the center of the ring, a result which differs markedly from a previous low-significance measurement, and greatly simplifies the interpretation of the SNR/pulsar association. It argues that the supernova indeed birthed Calvera <10 kyr ago, with an initial spin period close to its present value of 59 ms. The tangential velocity of the pulsar depends on its uncertain distance, v

t
= (372 ± 14)d
1 kpc km s−1, but is probably dominated by the supernova kick, while its progenitor could have been a runaway O or B star from the Galactic disk.
Macular Hole Surgery Without Postoperative Head Positioning: A Technique of Viscoelastic Device Injection Covering the Temporal Internal Limiting Membrane Flap
Authors: Saygılı Oğuzhan , Seyyar Sevim Ayça
Published: November 2024

The purpose of this study was to describe a technique in which a dispersive viscoelastic device is injected under air onto and around the inverted temporal internal limiting membrane (ILM) flap to close the macular hole (MH) without the need for any postoperative head positioning. A temporal ILM flap was created in the patients. The created ILM flap was inverted over the MH using perfluorocarbon (PCFL) injection. Then, after a fluid-air exchange, careful PFCL-air exchange was performed. Under air, two to three disc diameters of viscoelastic device were injected over and around the inverted flap. No postoperative head position was recommended to any patient. In all 16 eyes treated with this approach, the MH was closed with a single procedure, and there were no intraoperative or postoperative complications. Injection of a viscoelastic device over the inverted ILM flap in MH surgery is an innovative approach that does not require any special postoperative head positioning.

[
Ophthalmic Surg Lasers Imaging Retina
2025;56:120–122.]
An existence result for a new coupled system of differential inclusions involving with Hadamard fractional orders
Authors: Zhang Lili , Zhai Chengbo
Published: November 2024

In this paper, we introduce a new coupled system of differential inclusions involving with Hadamard fractional orders. By applying a fixed point theorem for three operators containing $ x\in{AxBx+Cx} $ in Banach algebras, we get an existence result for the discussed system via multi-valued maps in a Banach space. An example is provided to support the validation of the theoretical result achieved.
A novel approach to $ \mathit{q} $-fractional partial differential equations: Unraveling solutions through semi-analytical methods
Authors: Ali Khalid K. , Mohamed Mohamed S. , Maneea M.
Published: November 2024

This paper presents an innovative approach to solve $ \mathit{q} $-fractional partial differential equations through a combination of two semi-analytical techniques: The Residual Power Series Method (RPSM) and the Homotopy Analysis Method (HAM). Both methods are extended to obtain approximations for $ \mathit{q} $-fractional partial differential equations ($ \mathit{q} $-FPDEs). These equations are significant in $ \mathit{q} $-calculus, which has gained attention due to its relevance in engineering applications, particularly in quantum mechanics. In this study, we solve linear and nonlinear $ \mathit{q} $-FPDEs and obtain the closed-form solutions, which confirm the validity of the utilized methods. The results are further illustrated through two-dimensional and three-dimensional graphs, thus highlighting the interaction between parameters, particularly the fractional parameter, the $ \mathit{q} $-calculus parameter, and time.
Les états généraux de France de 1468 et 1484
Authors: Bulst Neithard
Published: November 2024

La thèse de Neithard Bulst sur les états généraux réunis à Tours par Louis XI, en avril 1468, et ceux, réunis par les Beaujeu en janvier-mars 1484 a profondément renouvelé l’histoire des institutions à caractère représentatif en France. Grâce à un travail archivistique minutieux sur des sources départementales, municipales, voire privées, dispersées et inédites, ce livre offre pour la première fois une liste fiable des délégués des deux assemblées, comblant ainsi les lacunes de ceux connus par le seul Journal des États de Masselin de 1484. La méthode prosopographique mise en œuvre donne une vision neuve du profil des délégués en mettant en évidence leur enracinement familial, professionnel et social, sans perdre de vue les membres les plus influents de chaque région. Pour chaque élection, scrutant la procédure, ce livre analyse les liens de clientélisme, de patronage, de partenariat ou de protection qui structurent les sociétés locales, donnant ainsi à voir une sorte de bastard feudalism à la française. En privilégiant une approche sociale plutôt qu’institutionnelle et corporatiste, cet ouvrage révèle l’importance des représentants du tiers état, mais aussi la place des officiers royaux, favorisée par le changement de procédure électorale en 1484 (manœuvre habile et réussie des Beaujeu pour neutraliser les clientèles des princes).Au-delà des assemblées représentatives, ce livre questionne le concept de « représentation » dans sa définition médiévale et éclaire sous un aspect plus large les problèmes économiques, sociaux et politiques de la société française de la deuxième moitié du XVe siècle.
Three-Dimensional Blade and Hub Stresses of Coaxial Rotors in Forward Flight
Authors: Patil Mrinalgouda , Datta Anubhav
Published: November 2024

A three-dimensional (3D) solid finite element analysis model is developed to predict blade and hub stresses of a lift-offset coaxial rotor in forward flight. The model is open source, with a generic internal structure, but with rotor radius, planform, number of blades, hub type, and
rotor frequencies loosely resembling a modern lift-offset coaxial rotor. Comprehensive analysis is carried out with a lifting-line aerodynamic model with free wake. Two steady-level flight regimes are considered: a low-speed transition (μ = 0. 1) and a high-speed cruise regime
(μ = 0. 35 ). Two typical lift-offsets are considered: zero (LO = 0) and 10% of rotor radius (LO = 0. 1). Two blade models are considered: a high flap frequency (v β= 1. 44/ rev) and a low flap frequency model (v β=
1. 23/ rev). The predicted airloads are verified qualitatively with recently published industry predictions. The predicted stresses are unique to this paper. Their 3D nature is revealed by this analysis. Predictions indicate that lowering the frequency of the first flap mode
while tailoring the shape of the second flap mode might help relieve stresses significantly (50%) while also avoiding the danger of blade strike at high speed. Even though specific conclusions are premature without the exact properties of an actual aircraft and a higher delity aerodynamic
model, it appears clear that blade exibility may be a key factor even for these stiff rotors to relieve blade and hub stresses.
Mixed infection of Nocardia farcinica and Nocardia cyriacigeorgica in an immunocompromised patient: A case report
Authors: Thakar Vrushali Harsh , Jadhav Prajakta , Babu Aishwarya , Kumar Mahadevan , Mane Abhijeet Kantilal
Published: November 2024

Rationale:

Nocardia is a soil saprophyte, which can cause disseminated infection in immunocompromised patients. Early diagnosis and treatment can greatly improve prognosis.

Patient concern:

A 26-year-old male presented with repeated episodes of fever, cough and breathlessness for 3 months.

Diagnosis:

Mixed infection of Nocardia (N.) farcinica and N. cyriacigeorgica with diabetes and Cushing’s syndrome.

Interventions:

N. cyriacigeorgica was isolated from empyema fluid and N. farcinica from blood. Based on antimicrobial susceptibility, he was treated with imipenem, cotrimoxazole and amikacin.

Outcome:

Patient expired due to infection and delayed diagnosis.

Lesson:

Several cases of infection due to N. farcinica or N. cyriacigeorgica have been reported. But mixed infection caused by these two species is rare. Pulmonary and disseminated nocardiosis is associated with high mortality, especially in immunocompromised hosts. So early diagnosis and prompt treatment is needed.
Target-site mediated insecticide resistance in major mosquito (Diptera: Culicidae) vectors: A systematic review
Authors: Das Subhajit , Saha Abhirup , Das Prapti , Raha Debayan , Saha Dhiraj
Published: November 2024

The use of insecticides remain the most effective vector control approach for mosquito borne diseases like malaria, dengue fever, chikungunya, and Zika virus disease; however, their increasing resistance has complicated the management. Mutations in kdr, ace-1/ace-2, rdl, and nAChR, are involved in target-site mediated resistance and prevent the binding of pyrethroids and dichlorodiph enyltrichloroethane, organophosphorus pesticide, carbamates and cyclodienes, respectively. Here, we review the current knowledge on target-site mediated insecticidal resistance mechanisms in major mosquito vectors and the techniques used to identify these mutations. The results showed that kdr mutations are frequently reported in mosquito species, indicating the overuse of pyrethroid in mosquito control. Report on ace mutations is very limited, primarily detected in Anopheles and Culex, with extremely low detection rate in Aedes, despite the wide application of organophosphates in their control. Notably, reports of rdl mutations and changes in nAChR are rare, which provides an opportunity to exploit these target sites, particularly in the event of disease outbreaks. Among various detection methods such as RFLP, TaqMan, Multiplex PCR and FRET, allele-specific PCR is mostly employed, especially in detecting kdr mutation. However, allele-specific PCR cannot detect novel mutation. As a result, there is an urgent need to develop a scalable, cost-effective tool that can be widely applied especially as these mutations are genetic markers for early detection of insecticide resistance. Robust monitoring methods remain critical to manage insecticide resistance and effective control of mosquito-borne diseases.
Risk factors and etiologies of corneal conditions causing visual impairment at cornea subspecialty clinics, Cairo University Hospitals
Authors: El-Mayah Esraa , Zein Marwa M. , El Gharbawy Shahenda A. , Albalkini Ahmed S.
Published: November 2024

Purpose

The aim of this study was to assess the most common risk factors and etiologies of corneal diseases associated with more profound visual impairment.

Patients and methods

This is an observational, cross-sectional retrospective study that enrolled 276 patients who were examined at the Cornea Subspecialty Clinics, Kasr Alainy School of Medicine, Cairo, Egypt from January 2018 to August 2023. The review of the patients’ records included history, full ophthalmological examination, diagnosis, and management. The visual impairment grades were categorized according to WHO guidelines and recommendations.

Results

Out of the 276 patients evaluated, 100 (32.5%) patients had infectious keratitis, the most common of which was bacterial keratitis (14.1%) while 176 (67.5%) patients had noninfectious corneal diseases, with keratoconus affecting 78 (28.3%) patients. Being aged 40 years or more and rural residence increased the likelihood of severe visual impairment to blindness due to corneal conditions by 8.325 and 2.365 folds, respectively. Corneal decompensation after surgery and bacterial infection were found to be more associated with severe visual impairment (crude odds ratio=27.5 and 22, respectively).

Conclusion

Older age, rural residence, bacterial infection, and postoperative corneal decompensation were associated with worse visual impairment. Targeted health promotion strategies could help in prevention of corneal blindness.
Tooth fragment reattachment using cyanoacrylate tissue adhesive and flowable composite: An in vitro study
Authors: Kaur Gurmeen , Shetty Chitharanjan , Saji Shalin Ann , Bajpe Sunheri , Prabha Chandra , Shroff Rashi
Published: November 2024

Aim:

Crown fractures in anterior teeth represent 18%–22% of dental hard tissue injuries. Immediate reattachment of the fragment using composite resin is the preferred treatment option. However, the reattached fragments are prone to fracture. The use of topical cyanoacrylate tissue adhesive has been reported for managing painful fractured molar teeth and maxillary incisors. Rural population of India does not have access to basic health care; hence, over-the-counter availability of cyanoacrylate may prove beneficial for reattaching the tooth fragment until a patient receives professional care. The present study aimed to evaluate and compare the methods of fractured fragment reattachment using isoamyl 2-cyanoacrylate tissue adhesive and flowable composite.

Methods:

Eighty intact human permanent maxillary central incisors were randomly divided into four groups (n = 20). Except for the control Group D, other teeth were cut through the middle third of the crown horizontally. Fragments were reattached using flowable composite in Group A, cyanoacrylate tissue adhesive in Group B, and in Group C fragments were attached using cyanoacrylate tissue adhesive, and filling flowable composite circumferentially in chamfer placed along the fracture line. Fracture resistance was tested using a universal testing machine by applying load to each tooth perpendicular to the line of reattachment from labial to lingual direction. The force required to fracture the tooth was recorded in Newtons, and data were statistically analyzed.

Results:

The highest fracture resistance was exhibited by Group D, followed by Group A, Group C, and Group B, respectively. There was no statistically significant difference between Groups A and C.

Conclusion:

Composite remains most efficacious in reattaching fractured fragments to the tooth. However, the use of isoamyl 2-cyanoacrylate followed by composite restoration in chamfer offers comparable bonding. The experimental over-the-counter available isoamyl 2-cyanoacrylate may be useful for reattaching uncomplicated fractured teeth when emergency dental care is inaccessible, and needs to be clinically and esthetically evaluated by a professional. However, this in vitro experiment needs to be evaluated clinically for long-term bond strength and under various intraoral forces.
Ceftazidime–avibactam for the Treatment of Intra-abdominal Sepsis and Urosepsis: A Retrospective Hospital-based Study in India
Authors: Sathe Prachee , Lele Chitra , Chandra Simran , Jadhav Tatyasaheb , Makwana Durgesh , Bhalerao Devidas
Published: November 2024

Background:

In India, microbial susceptibility to antibiotics has been gradually decreasing, thus making treatment of multidrug-resistant bacterial infections challenging. We aimed to assess the effectiveness of ceftazidime–avibactam in patients with intra-abdominal sepsis or urosepsis.

Methods:

This hospital-based, single-center retrospective study was conducted between April 2020 and March 2022 using data from inpatient records. Outcomes included inpatient mortality, clinical success/failure, and microbiological cure/failure measured on day 14/end of treatment, length of hospitalization and intensive care unit (ICU) admission, treatment and infection characteristics, recurrence within 30 days, and healthcare resource utilization. Descriptive statistics were used for data analysis.

Results:

Data from 46 patients (mean age = 65.2 ± 14.5 years, 73.9% male) were included. Ceftazidime–avibactam treatment was initiated within 5 days of hospitalization in 51.2% of patients. The median (range) duration of treatment was 8 (1, 20) days, and the average daily dose was 4.6 g. Inpatient and 30-day all-cause mortality rates were 41.5% and 17.1%, respectively. We observed clinical success, defined a priori, by day 14 in 58.5% of patients and microbiological cure in 61.3%. Most patients (97.0%) did not have recurrent infections. The median (range) length of hospitalization and ICU admission was 15.5 (3, 63) days and 11 (2, 63) days, respectively. Most patients (85.7%) utilized various healthcare resources during hospitalization.

Conclusion:

Among patients with available data, most showed clinical success (58.5%) and microbiological cure (61.3%) within 14 days of treatment initiation with ceftazidime–avibactam, with nearly no recurrence of infection, indicating treatment effectiveness in patients with intra-abdominal sepsis or urosepsis in an Indian hospital setting.
A Study to Assess the Effects of Intercostobrachial Nerve Block in the Management of Post-mastectomy Pain
Authors: Mukherjee Sagnik , Mandal Pankaj Kumar , Dasgupta Partha
Published: November 2024

Introduction:

Mastectomy can lead to post-mastectomy pain syndrome (PMPS). The present study was planned to investigate the effectiveness of intercostobrachial nerve (ICBN) blockade in the alleviation and improvement of pain intensity and upper arm mobility.

Materials and Methods:

The present study was an observational descriptive study with a prospective longitudinal design conducted in the Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation of a tertiary care hospital in West Bengal, over a period of 18 months. All consenting patients of breast cancer who had undergone mastectomy and presented with PMPS were included in the study. The calculated sample size was 34. After the ICBN block procedure, the pain and upper arm mobility of the patients were measured using a numerical rating scale (NRS) and QuickDASH (QD) scale at 1, 4, and 12 weeks and compared with baseline scores.

Results:

The mean age of the participants was 48 ± 9.2 years. Of the women, 23.5% were overweight. The mean body mass index of the study participants was 23 ± 2.6 kg/m2. Most participants in the present study had a per capita monthly income of <INR 11,595. The mean duration of PMPS amongst the participants was found to be 8.6 ± 2.9 months. The mean NRS score at baseline was 7.8 ± 0.9. The mean QD score was observed to be 49.9 ± 12.9 at presentation. After the ICBN block was performed, on subsequent measurements at 1 week, 4 weeks, and 12 weeks, it was observed that there was a significant lowering of both pain (mean ± standard deviation [SD] NRS score 3.1 ± 1.1, 2.3 ± 0.7, and 2 ± 0.7), and improvement of upper limb mobility (mean ± SD QD score 25 ± 12.9, 6.4 ± 4.6, and 6.4 ± 4.6). On comparing the pain scores over time, it was observed that there was a statistically significant lowering of the NRS score from baseline till 12 weeks. The same was observed for QD scores.

Conclusions:

ICBN blockade is an important modality of pain control and quality of life improvement in patients suffering from PMPS in their post-operative period.