bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
OPTIMASI PROSES PEMBUATAN BIODIESEL DARI ASAM LEMAK SAWIT DISTILAT (ALSD) DAN DIMETHYL CARBONATE (DMC) MENGGUNAKAN KATALIS NOVOZYM®435
Authors: William  , Johan Senjaya  , Taslim  , Tjahjono Herawan  , Meta Rivani
Published: October 2019

Biodiesel production has rapidly grown over the last decades, and it has attracted much attention in the market as fuel that promising substitute for petroleum diesel, because its physical and chemical properties and energy content are similar to those of petroleum diesel. The main problem in producing biodiesel is its high cost which could be reduced by use of less expensive feedstock. Therefore, in this work biodiesel is synthesized by enzymatic esterification from low quality feedstock which is unrefined and much cheaper than the refined oil, such as palm fatty acid distillate (PFAD) with dialkyl carbonate using immobilized lipase (Novozym®435). Enzymatic process has certain advantages over the chemical process, as it is less energy intensive, allowing the esterification of glycerides with high free fatty acid contents (PFAD, 85-95% FFA) and no enzymatic activity loss. Methanol replaced by dialkyl carbonate, especially DMC due to esterification (methanolysis) is close to equilibrium reaction whereas using DMC the intermediate compound immediately decomposes to carbon dioxide and an alcohol, which have been investigated. Moreover, DMC are cheap, eco-friendly chemical, non-toxic properties and widely available. Factors affecting the reaction such as DMC to PFAD molar ratio, reaction temperature, reaction time and catalyst concentration were systematically analyzed by response surface methodology (RSM) with central composite design (CCD). The optimal condition is using 6:1 molar ratio of DMC to PFAD at 60 oC, for a reaction time 3h in the presence 10wt% of catalyst (based on oil weight). The results showed that synthesis of biodiesel through enzymatic esterification using PFAD suitable for biodiesel production.
ADSORPSI KESADAHAN (Ca) MENGGUNAKAN ADSORBEN BERBASIS SEKAM PADI
Authors: A.S. Dwi Saptati Nur Hidayati  , Juliananda  , Bambang Ismuyanto
Published: October 2019

This study reports adsorption of hardness (Ca) onto rice husk-basedadsorben. Characterization of rice husk-based adsorbent was identified by FTIR. Experiments were carried aout with several parametersvariations such as adsorption time (30-180 minutes) and the initial hardness (Ca) concentration (164.8 to 329.6) mg/L. Furthermore, initial study to evaluate the feasibility of adsorbent application was doneusing Langmuir and Freundlichtest. The results showed that hardness (Ca)removalup to 35.98% at a concentration of Na2SO41 M and adsorption time 150 minutes. The adsorption data obtained data were fitted well to Langmuir isotherm model with adsorption capacity of rice husk-based adsorbent was found to be 18.52 mg/g.
PENENTUAN BILANGAN IODIN ADSORBEN KULIT JENGKOL DAN APLIKASINYA DALAM PENYERAPAN LOGAM Pb (II) PADA LIMBAH CAIR INDUSTRI PELAPISAN LOGAM
Authors: Setiaty Pandia  , Randi Sitorus
Published: October 2019

The aim of this research is to study the effect of activation processes to iodine number of ngapi nut peel adsorbent and to study the optimum adsorbent mass to reduce metallic lead (Pb) concentration in electroplating wastewater. Ngapi nut peel was cleaned and mashed to a size of 100 mesh of sieve tray and then activated using nitric acid (HNO3) 4 N with specific ratio ngapi nut peel : nitric acid while heated at specific activation temperature and duration. Adsorbent dried in oven at specific temperature and duration of drying. Adsorbent with optimum iodine number then used in batch adsorption that carried out by using variations of mass in 50 mL of wastewater. The results showed that the optimum ratio of ngapi nut peel : nitric acid is 20:1 mg/mL at activation temperature 90°C, duration of activation 120 minutes, drying temperature 110 °C and duration of drying 120 minutes with iodine number 634.50 mg/g. The optimum mass of adsorbent is 1 g with percent of removal 69,19 %.
PEMBUATAN BIOETANOL DARI NIRA AREN (Arenga pinnata Merr) MENGGUNAKAN Saccharomyces cerevisiae
Authors: Meilani M Manurung  , Gusti Handayani  , Netti Herlina
Published: October 2019

Bioethanol was an alcohol substance which can be obtained by biomass fermentation process. The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of agitation and volume of starter on yield and concentration of bioethanol produced from palm juice (Arenga pinnata Merr). Catalyst used was Saccharomyces cerevisiae. Observed variables were agitation and volume of starter in anaerobic fermentation. The experiment started with preparation of a starter followed by fermentation process. The product obtained from distillation process at temperature of 88 °C. The results showed that the higher agitation speed and volume of starter, yield and concentration of bioethanol will be higher. The highest concentration and yield obtained on the condition at a agitation of 100 rpm and 35% starter amounted to 47.618% (v/v) and 48.1411%. If it exceed that point, the changes of agitation and the addition of starter did not increase the concentration and yield of ethanol produced.
PENYISIHAN ION LOGAM MERKURI (Hg2+) MENGGUNAKAN ADSORBEN BERBAHAN BAKU LIMBAH PERTANIAN DAN GULMA TANAMAN
Authors: Miftahurrahmah  , Suhendrayatna  , Muhammad Zaki
Published: October 2019

This research was conducted to prepare adsorbents from agricultural and weeds waste biomass to remove Hg2+ metal ions from water phase. Water hyacinth biomass (agricultural waste) and rice husk (weed) was cleaned, dried in an oven dryer, and carbonized in a furnace at 500oC for 2 hours. Then, dried carbon was milled to get 100 mesh of size and was followed by activation using 0.5 N NaOH. The adsorption process was conducted by mix 1 gram of activated adsorbent on a 100 ml water containing 3 ppm Hg2+ metal ions at 100 rpm, pH 5, and 30oC. Hg2+ concentration in water phase were analyzed using AAS, Shimadzu AA-6300 for a specified time within a period of 20-100 minutes. This study shows that at the beginning process of adsorption, adsorbent from rice husk has ability to decrease 69.91% concentration of Hg2+ for 20 minutes, while adsorbent from water hyacinth reaches to 94.26%. The characterization results of FTIR spectra and SEM shows that adsorbent from water hyacinth was able to absorb more Hg2+ metal ions in a short time because it has a functional group that was able to bind heavy metals, and also has a random surface structure, compared with the adsorbent from rice husks that has less functional groups with uniform morphology structure
SINTESIS PALMITOIL DAN LAUROIL ETANOLAMIDA MENGGUNAKAN PELARUT CAMPURAN : PENGARUH TEMPERATUR DAN WAKTU REAKSI
Authors: Muhammad Ashari  , Nur Annisa  , Zuhrina Masyithah
Published: October 2019

Surfactant is a molecule which has hydrophilic group and a lipophilic group which can unify a mixture consisting of water and oil. Alkanolamide is a type of widely used nonionic surfactant for various purposes. In this study, we observed the effect of temperature and reaction time on the synthesis of palmitoyl ethanolamide surfactant from palmitic acid and lauroyl ethanolamide from lauric acid with zirconium (IV) chloride as catalyst in mixed solvent. This research was conducted using amidation reaction at temperature variation of 55oC, 65oC, 75oC, 85oC and 95oC, reaction time variation of 1 hour, 2 hours, 3 hours, 4 hours, and 5 hours, mole substrate ratio at 1:10, solvent ratio at 2: 1 (v / b), catalyst concentration 5% (w/w), and stirring rate at 250 rpm. Then the product was analyzed by FT-IR spectrophotometry. Based on this research, the optimum condition to synthesis palmitoyl ethanolamide surfactant was obtained at 55 oC and temperature 65 oC to synthesis lauroyl ethanolamide surfactant at reaction time of 3 hours for both of them.
Dynamic Relationship Between Global Oil Price and the Eswatini’s Exchange Rate: A Toda-Yamamoto Approach
Authors: Dlamini Sotja G.
Published: October 2019

Globalization and liberalization puts the emphasis on exports as a technique in which developing countries like the Kingdom of Eswatini should adopt to expand their markets beyond their domestic market. For the developing countries to be international competitive in the global markets they need to minimize their production cost particularly on the products that are being exported. The production of most of the exported commodities needs lot energy from oil; hence there has been tremendous increase of oil and its by-product worldwide. The current oil demand for most countries in the world is not met because of insufficient reserves for crude oil in most countries. The Kingdom of Eswatini does not have an oil reserves or oil-refining facilities hence they depends on imports from the neighbouring states in order to meet the consumption requirement. The oil price shocks in the global market normally have adversely effects on various macroeconomic variables such as exchange rate since the oil is traded in US dollars. Oil and exchange rate are considered to be essential factors for domestic economies for developing countries like the Kingdom of Eswatini. The purpose of the study is to investigate the causal relationship between Lilangeni-dollar exchange rate and crude oil price by using the Toda-Yamamota approach. The study used daily time series from January 01st, 2005 to April 30th, 2018 of nominal exchange rate of Lilangeni (Eswatini currency [SZL]) vis-à-vis United States dollar (USD) data as well as the global price of Brent crude oil data that was used as a proxy for the Global crude oil price. The results from the Toda-Yamamoto Granger causality test revealed that there is a unidirectional causality from the global oil price to the Eswatini’s nominal exchange rate (SZL/USD). Hence the study concluded that the global crude oil price influence the Eswatini’s nominal exchange rate. Therefore the study recommends that in the formulating of Eswatini’s exchange rate policy emphases should be on the global oil prices in order not to misalign the Eswatini’s currency.
Synchronous Mobile-Mediated Communication: An Analysis of Discourse Functions and the Nature of Negotiations
Authors: Mohammad Aslam Mohammad Shariq , AbuSa’aleek Atef Odeh
Published: October 2019

Negotiating meaning and form has an important role in the development of a language. At the same time, written and audio output may also vary, which can lead to the generation of a variety of discourse functions and materialize in teaching methodologies and academic content used in the language teaching process. Since technology is increasingly becoming an indispensable and integral educational tool across the world, Saudi Arabia being no exception, language teachers are encouraged to integrate new technologies into their teaching methodology and practice to ensure they meet learners’ needs. WhatsApp Messenger, as a messaging and Voice over IP (VoIP) service that allows users to, among others, send text and voice messages and make voice and video calls, is investigated as a real-time language learning in this research. The current paper was conceived out of the researcher’s consistent observation of the positive impact of synchronous audio and written mobile-mediated communication tools, in particular WhatsApp, and the nature of negotiating meaning and form on the development of English as a foreign language for ESL and EFL learners. There has been previous similar research on WhatsApp as an educational tool but, in these studies, the language outcomes have largely been neglected. By analyzing audio and text negotiations and interactions conducted over WhatsApp, and comparing them with equivalent asynchronous computer-based exchanges, this study aims to investigate different types of discourse functions that are used in the negotiation of meaning via synchronous mobile-mediated communication. On a micro level, we compare Synchronous Audio Mobile-Mediated Communication (SAMMC) and Synchronous Written Mobile-Mediated Communication (SWMMC) modes of interaction, when applying discourse functions, to determine which mode offers a greater range of innovative language output. The language output of forty undergraduate EFL learners was studied over a five-week period and it was concluded that SAMMC outperformed SWMMC in terms of the scope of meaning and form.
The Imaginaries of Creativity in the Entrepreneurship Sector in Colombia: An Hermeneutic Approach
Authors: Santisteban Sebastian Camilo
Published: October 2019

Due to the complexities of the social, economic, and political context of Colombia, several authors have argued that Colombians tend to be very creative at an individual level, but that they face strong difficulties when trying to act collectively in a creative way. This article deepens in the concept of creativity through a literature review and then contrasts the defined concept with the vision and imaginaries of creativity of tech-entrepreneurs in the country. The main theoretical point is to contrast the empirical verification of the academic literature of creativity with the imaginaries of Colombian entrepreneurs in order to establish a more efficient and effective creative process.
Application of pure, thermostable, alkali-tolerant xylanase in bleaching of oxygen-delignified pine kraft pulp
Authors: MA QINGZHI , WANG QI , WANG CHU , FENG NIANJIE , ZHAI HUAMIN
Published: October 2019

The effect of oxygen (O2)-delignified pine kraft pulp pretreatment by high-purity, thermostable, and alkaline-tolerant xylanases on elemental chlorine free (ECF) bleaching of O2-delignification kraft pulp was studied. The study found that xylanase pretreatment preserved the intrinsic viscosity and yield of O2-delignified pulp while causing about 7% of delignification with high delignification selectivity. The xylanases with high purity, higher thermostability (75°C~80°C) in highly alkaline media (pH 8.0~9.5) could be applied on an industrial scale. Pulp pretreatment by the high-purity, thermostable, and alkaline tolerant xylanases could improve pulp brightness or reduce the chlorine dioxide (ClO2) consumption. In a D0ED1D2 bleaching sequence using the same amount of ClO2, the xylanase-pretreated pulp obtained a higher brightness (88.2% vs. 89.7% ISO) at the enzyme dose of 2 U/g pulp; or for the same brightness as control (88.2% ISO), the ClO2 dosage in the D0 stage was reduced by 27%, which represents a 16% savings in total ClO2 used for bleaching.
Causality of manufacturing processes with significant time delays
Authors: WANG SHELDON , GUO YU
Published: October 2019

In this paper, the effects of flow rate, fiber consistency, and pressure fluctuation on basis weight variations were studied based on a set of paper mill operation data that include thick stock flow rate, consistency at eight different stock preparation stages, inlet and outlet pressure of the pressure pulsation attenuator, scanner position, β gauge, and scanner basis weight measurements. In order to focus on the important spectra and correlations within the low frequency range, a boxcar averaging procedure to eliminate high frequency extraneous information was employed. Moreover, two complete sets of data have been obtained for consistent and problematic operational conditions; namely, with and without a stuff box flow control system. The transfer function between the input and output spectra of certain components or processes within approach flow systems is also studied. Particular emphasis is placed on the synchronization procedure necessary for the study of low frequency range signals, as well as the correlation between two signals. All analysis results presented here are derived with an in-house developed program targeted for systems with significant time delays.
Desilication of bamboo for pulp production
Authors: M. RUNGE TROY , PAUL SCOTT
Published: October 2019

Bamboo is one of the world’s fastest growing feedstocks. It is a promising nonwood resource that can be used in the pulp and paper industry. Among more than 1200 species of bamboo, the timber varieties can be processed much like trees, allowing current pulp mill logistical systems to be used. Bamboo can be difficult to pulp because of its high silica content, which creates issues for black liquor recovery. This study compares two methods of reducing the silica content of a common species of timber bamboo. Specifically, the dermis layer of Moso bamboo (Phyllostachys edulis) was removed through mechanical treatment and then chipped. The same species was also chipped without treatment. The two chipped materials were then alkali extracted and subjected to kraft pulping experiments. The pulps were bleached with an OD0(EP)D1 sequence. The material was then refined and formed into handsheets. The results indicate that 80% of the silica could be removed from the bamboo material through a combination of dermal mechanical treatment and caustic chip extraction. Caustic chip extraction removed a significant portion of hemicellulose materials, which in turn lowered cooking yields but had minimal effect on pulp properties.
INTERNATIONAL AND NATIONAL LEGISLATION TO CONTROL MICTOXINS IN FOOD: REVIEW
Authors: Khitska O. , Gerard R.
Published: October 2019

Today, the problem of monitoring mycotoxins has become global in connection with climate change, a violation of the ecological balance for the use of intensive technologies for processing crops, through air pollution and the accumulation of products of photochemical reactions (photooxidants), which leads to a decrease in plant resistance to phytopathogens.
Every year, the problem of mycotoxicosis is exacerbated, as toxic fungi adapt quickly to new technologies and modern plant protection products. The increase in mycotoxins in foods also relates to the widespread use of nitrogen fertilizers and pesticides.
Natural toxins create risks for the health of humans and animals, affect food security and nutrition, reducing people's access to healthy food. The World Health Organization is constantly appealing to national authorities to monitor and ensure that the levels of the most relevant natural toxins in foods are as low as possible and consistent with both national and international requirements.
Ukraine's membership in the WTO, an association with the European Union, and the expansion of international trade require solutions to the issues of free movement of goods, safe and healthy food, and, accordingly, an adequate level of protection of life and health of people. One of the most important ways to solve them is to improve and harmonize national food legislation in line with international standards, including on the control of mycotoxins.
The purpose of our work was to conduct an analysis of literary sources, international and national legislative acts on the control of mycotoxins in food products throughout the food chain.
To prepare the publication, we have used literary sources on the subject of publication, as well as we have conducted a comparative analysis of national and international legislative acts regulating procedures and methods for controlling the residues of mycotoxins in food.
An analysis of numerous sources has shown that the issue of monitoring mycotoxins in foods, improving laboratory control and risk-based approach to preventing foodborne mycotoxicosis worries scientists from different countries, including Ukrainian. The analysis of national legislation shows that national standards on maximum levels of pollutants have been revised in Ukraine and a number of standards have been harmonized for methods of monitoring the residues of mycotoxins in feed for productive animals, food products of animal and vegetable origin.
Key words: mycotoxins, food chain, food, international law, national legislation, control, safety, risks.
The indexes of mineral exchange in laying hens under the influence of Selenium and Zinc nonoacquahelates and vitamin E
Authors: Nischemenko M. , Kaplunenko V. , KOZIY V. , Poroshinska O. , Stovbetska L. , Yemelyanenko A. , Omelchuk O.
Published: October 2019

The article presents the results of the study of the influence of nanoacquahelats of biogenic and biocidal metals Selenium and Zinc together with vitamin E, on the mineral metabolism indexes of hens of Loman Brown breed. It is known that the inflow of mineral elements such as Calcium and inorganic Phosphorus into the body and its proper usage is essential for the maintenance of egg productivity and egg quality. In this regard, it is promising to study the changes of the above-mentioned processes with the Selenium, Zinc and vitamin E nanoacqualates supplementation. It has been established that the feeding of Selenium and Zinc nanocarboxylic acids with vitamin E positively affects the exchange of Calcium and inorganic Phosphorus in the laying hens. In particular, the content of calcium in the serum of tested hens was significantly higher (17.3-26.7%), on the 60th and 90th days of the experiment, comparing with the control group. The level of inorganic phosphorus, on the 60th and 90th days of the experiment, also increased by 17.7% and 16.9%, respectively, in experimental group of layer hens compared to control one.
It is known that macroelements Ca and inorganic Phosphorus are important components for the organism of animals and, especially, birds. These minerals have no nutritional value, are not used by the body as a source of energy, but their role as structural elements cannot be overestimated. Both Calcium and inorganic Phosphorus are part of almost all organs and tissues. The growth and development of the organism, as well as its productivity depends on the presence of these elements in the diet. In addition, Calcium and inorganic Phosphorus are actively involved in the regulation of a number of vital functions. In the birds, it is the synthesis of proteins and the intense formation of egg minerals. They are also necessary for the further formation of bone tissue of the embryo. Consequently, the presence of these minerals in the diet and in the body of layers hens, to a large extent determine their weight and quality of eggs.
The obtained results show the use of nanoacquahelats of Selenium and Zinc together with vitamin E stimulate phosphorus-calcium metabolism and alkaline phosphatase activity due to their biophysical properties which are based on activation of many biochemical processes according to the effect of Borisevich-Kaplunenko-Kosinov.
Key words: Calcium, Phosphorus, laying hens, Selenium, Zinc, vitamin E.
Comparative morphofunctional and species-specific vascularization features of of the knee capsule of some mammals
Authors: Novak V. , Bevz O. , Melnichenko A.
Published: October 2019

The metabolic, reparative and plastic properties, as well as the functional activity of the multiorgan synovial environment of the knee joint, are organically and functionally related to their morphology and blood supply. The aim of our research was to determine the general biological and specific features of the structural organization and vascularization of the knee joint capsule in animals with different supports, locomotion and body weight. A complex of morphological research methods is used in this work: anatomical, histological, neurohistological. Used neurohistological method of impregnation in its own algorithm. The structural organization of synovial and fibrous capsule, histotopography of intraorganic vessels was studied on 43 objects of various groups of animals. The selection of animals was carried out according to the type of limb specialization to the substrate. Animals were taking into account the ecology, types of support, the nature of locomotion and the speed of movement – phalanoid animals – a domestic horse, a domestic bull and a finger animal – a domestic dog and a domestic cat. As a result of the complex comparative-morphological study the general patterns of the structural organization of the articular capsule, the general-biological and species-specific features of the angioarchitectonics and angiotopography were established. The zones of the most intense intraorganic vascularization and the topography of the vascular fields and glomeruli of the articular capsule are shown. The zones of intensive vascularization are localized: in the domestic bull – in the medial, dorsal, lateral parts, vascular glomeruli – in the lateral; in the domestic horse – in all parts of the capsule, vascular glomeruli – in the plantar area; in the domestic dog – in the medial, dorsal, plantar parts, vascular glomeruli – in the plantar area; in a domestic cat, the same type of angioarchitectonics is observed, the vascular fields and glomeruli are absent. The more intense angioarhitectonics in the capsule of the knee joint in phalanoid animals (horse, cattle) than in the finger (dog, cat) possibly due to the different nature of the support and type of locomotion, is determined.
Key words: vascular fields, vascular glomeruli, angioarchitectonics, knee joint, joint capsule, domestic horse, domestic bull, domestic dog, domestic cat.
Epizootic situation and peculiarity the course nematodes of the digestive canal of sheep of the in the conditions of economies Kyev region
Authors: MELNYCHUK V. , Antipov A.
Published: October 2019

Nematodoses of the sheep’s digestive tract is distributed both in Ukraine and abroad. Pathogens of these diseases in the form of monoinvasions, as well as associative with other invasive diseases, cause sheep farms considerable economic losses. Systematic monitoring studies that are carried out to establish a helminthofauna specific to a particular region are a key to successful control of parasitic diseases. Information on the species composition of pathogens causing invasive diseases in animals in the territory of a certain region, allows us to conduct scientifically based selection of drugs and to conduct effective, cost-based treatment and prevention measures. Therefore, the purpose of our research was to establish the distribution of nematodoses of the digestive canal of sheep and their peculiarities in the conditions of sheep farms in the territory of the Kyiv region (Central region of Ukraine). The research was conducted in conditions of sheep farms in the Kyiv region (Baryshivka, Bila Tserkva, Zghurivka, Pereiaslav-Khmelnytskyi, Skvyra, Tarashcha, Fastiv and Yahotyn districts). Helminthoscopy of fecal samples was performed using the McMaster’s method. As a result of scatoscopy diagnostics of sheep, a considerable distribution of nematodoses of the digestive canal was established on the territory of the Kyiv region (the severity of the invasion was 48.79 %). According to the morphological features of eggs isolated from faeces of sick animals, parasitization of nematodes from three sequences was established: Strongylata (38.98 %), Trichocephalata (33.36 %), and Rhabditata (27.66 %). It was registered that the sheep farming of the Bila Tserkva, Yahotyn and Zghurivka districts (EI – 61.49, 59.73 and 54.17 % respectively) were the most unfavorable for nematodoses of the digestive tract. The disease was registered in the form of both mono- and mixinvasions. The associative course of diseases (75.03 % of the total number of diseased animals) was dominant with two-, three-, four-, and five-component associations of sheep parasite pathogens (47.63, 35.47, 11.50 and 5.40 % in accordance). It has been established that nematodoses of the digestive canal of sheep (strongylates of the digestive canal, strongyloides and trichiuruses) are in the composition of mixinvasions, the sympathizers of which are: eimeries, moniezies, and melofagoses in various combinations.
Key words: nematodoses, strongylatoses of the digestive canal, trichiuruses, strongyloides, scatoscopy research.
State of protein and mineral exchange in broiler-chickens for the use of Zinc and Mangane chelates
Authors: Sakara V. , Melnyk A. , Markhenkov F.
Published: October 2019

The results of the application of a complex of Zinc and Manganese chelates to protein, macro- and micro-mineral exchanges in the body of broiler chickens of the Cobb 500 cross-breed are presented. The administration of Zn and Mn chelates in a dose of 0,2 ml/l for chicken broilers of 23 days of age (1st experimental group) during 14 days influenced the increase in the total protein content to 35,3±0,8 g/l, which is 8 % higher compared with the control – 32,5±0,7 g/l (p<0,01 ) The concentration of total Calcium in serum of broiler chickens 37-day-old (end of trial) was higher in the first experimental group by 7,3 % (2,05±0,06 mmol/l) compared to control – 1,9±0,03 mmol/l. In the second group, where chelates were administered in a dose of 0,4 ml/l of water, the Calcium content was 2,0±0,02 mmol/l, which is 5 % more than the control group. The two-week application of Zn and Mn chelates also led to an increase in the level of inorganic Phosphorus in the serum of the first group to 2,6±0,12 mmol/l (+ 11,5 %) compared with the control group. After administration of chelates Zn and Mn at doses of 0,2 ml/l water, the Zinc content was higher by 4,3% (23,5±0,2 μmol/l) compared to control – 22,5±0,34 μmol/l (p<0,01). In the second group, where the dose of chelates was 0,4 ml/l, the concentration of Zinc was 23,6±0,16 μmol/l, which is more than 4,6 % for control (p<0,01). At the end of the study, the content of Manganese in serum of broiler chickens in the first group was 1,9±0,07 μmol/l (p<0,05), which is 10,4% higher compared with the control – 1,7±0,06 μmol/l (3rd sampling). The level of this element in the second group was 2,0±0,08 μmol/l (p<0,01), which is higher by 16,7 % relative to the control. At the end of the experiment, the coupon concentration in the first and second experimental groups was 12,6 and 9,3 % higher, compared with control, 7,0±0,37 μmol/l. In turn, the serum Ferrum content of the first group was greater by 9,3 % (19,3±0,69 μmol/l), and the second by 6,7 % (18,8±0,47 μmol/l) compared to the bird of the control group.
Key words: chicken broilers, chelates, Zinc, Manganese, Cuprom, Ferrum, metabolism.
Synthesis, characterization and photocatalytic activity of Zn2+, Mn2+ and Co2+ doped SnO2 nanoparticles
Authors: Mukhopadhyay Oeindrila , Dhole Soumita , Mandal Badal Kumar , Khan Fazlur-Rahman Nawaz , Ling Yong-Chien
Published: October 2019

Nanomaterials with many improved properties have been used in versatile applications. Herein we have synthesized SnO2 NPs doped with transition metal ions such as Zn2+, Mn2+ and Co2+ through a facile and inexpensive hydrothermal approach. The synthesized nanomaterials were characterized by XRD, FT-IR, SEM and UV-Vis analysis. The optical properties of the NPs were characterized by using UV–vis and photoluminescence spectroscopy (PLS). Their photocatalytic performances were investigated by degrading methylene blue (MB) dye with UV irradiation. Transition metal doping to SnO2 NPs improved the photocatalytic activity to degradation of methylene blue dye due to tuning of band gap energy i.e. lowering of band gap energy compared to undoped SnO2 NPs. The results suggest that the synthesized NPs could be used efficiently for remediation/degradation of environmentally hazardous dyes from waste water or environmental cleanup.
АНАЛІЗ ВИМОГ ТА МЕТОДІВ ВИПРОБУВАНЬ ПОКРІВЕЛЬ ТА ПОКРІВЕЛЬНИХ МАТЕРІАЛІВ НА ПОЖЕЖНУ НЕБЕЗПЕКУ
Authors: Korobkin V , Kovalenko V , Kovalyshyn B
Published: October 2019

Наведено статистику пожеж в Україні щодо покрівель. Здійснений аналіз наукових статей та нормативних документів щодо вимог пожежної безпеки до покрівель та покрівельних матеріалів і методів випробувань на пожежну небезпеку. Наданий аналіз нормативних документів з визначення показників пожежної небезпеки покрівель та покрівельних матеріалів країн Європейського Союзу, Англії та США. Визначена необхідність встановлення в Україні вимог до покрівель як до конструкції та запровадження методу щодо розширеного застосування результатів випробувань покрівель та покрівельних матеріалів на пожежну небезпеку.
Using a Debate method to Increase the Students’ Speaking Skill on Discussion Text at Class XII SMAN 1 Kota Bengkulu at the 1ST Semester Academic Year 2017/2018
Authors: Tusifah Laina
Published: October 2019

This research is done because the mean of pretest speaking is 65.73. The KKM is 75.00. The problems of this research are: 1) Can the use of a Debate Method increase the students’ Speaking Skill on Discussion Text at class XII   SMAN 1 Bengkulu?. 2) How is the effectiveness of procedures of Using a Debate Method to Increase the Students’Speaking skill on Discussion Text at class XII  SMAN 1 Bengkulu? The aims of this research are: 1).To increase the students’ speaking skill on Discussion Text at class XII  SMAN 1 Bengkulu. 2).To find out how the effective procedure of using a debate method to increase the students’ speaking skill on discussion text at class XII SMAN 1 Bengkulu. This classroom action research which uses descriptive qualitative technique. This method uses pre-test and two cycles. Each cycle consists of four steps: planning, action, observation, and reflection. The source of the data is the teacher, collaborator as observer and students, and the result of the test. The total of the students are 35 students. Technique and collecting data uses observation and test.The result of classroom action research from observation cycle 1 is not good, that is 65%. And the result speaking test cycle1 is not good either, the mean score is 74.93%. 2 students get score 55-64, and the percentage is 5.71%. 12 students get score 65-74, and the percentage is 34.29%. 21 students get score 75-84 and the percentage is 60%. N0ne get score 85-94. The result of observation cycle 2 is good, that is 89%, and so is the result speaking test cycle 2, and the mean score is 80,64% .None of  students get score below 75, and the percentage means 0%, 31 students get score 75-84, and the percentage is 88,57%. 4students get score 85-94, and the percentage is 11.43%. And even thought none student gets score 95-100 ,but the result is satisfied. The mean is 80,64. From the observation result of the test cycle 2 shows that the success of the learning process is good. KKM for English is 75.00, so the learning activity of students is fulfilled for the KKM.  From the result of the cycle test 2, the mean score is 80,64% , learning activity uses a Debate Method to Increase the students’ speaking skill on Discussion Text at class XII IPS 2 SMAN 1 Bengkulu  semester 1 academic year 2017-2018 is successful.
The Use of Mind Mapping Technique to Increase EFL Students’ Motivation in Writing (A Case Study at the Eighth Grade of A Junior High School in Brebes)
Authors: Sapitri Leni , Rachmawati Etika , Surachmat A M
Published: October 2019

This article focuses on describing the implementation of mind mapping technique to increase students’ motivation in writing descriptive text. An English teacher and 36 students in a Junior high school in Brebes participated in this study. A qualitative design was used, and data were collected through classroom observation, questionnaire and interview. This study found that the teacher did three steps in implementing mind mapping: giving students image of mind mapping, designing the writing task, and asking students to finish the writing task. Meanwhile, interview data indicated that most students enjoyed learning descriptive text by means of mind mapping. Regarding students’ motivation, data from observation revealed that most students enjoyed the activities, as seen from their enthusiasm. Likewise, questionnaire data indicated that most students gave positive perceptions towards the use of mind mapping. Most of them strongly agree with the statement that this strategy can make the learning process become imaginative. In short, it can be concluded that the teacher has successfully applied mind mapping technique. It can make the students enjoy and more interested in learning descriptive text. Therefore, the writers suggest that teachers apply various strategies in teaching and learning process, especially mind mapping, to create an enjoyable classroom atmosphere. Meanwhile, other researchers are recommended to discover the use of mind mapping in teaching other text types
Application of Data Mining for Optimal Drug Inventory in a Hospital
Authors: Siringo-Ringo Dewi Sahputri , Tambunan Razana Baringin Daud , Yulizar Dian , Daulay Tri Agustina , Husein Amir Mahmud
Published: October 2019

The Hospital is a health care institution that conducts complete individual health services that provide inpatient, outpatient and emergency services. Drug inventory management is one thing that is very important for the survival of hospitals, management of the supply of medical equipment that is not optimal including medicines will have an impact on medical services as well as economically, because 70% of hospital revenue comes from drugs. In this study we propose data mining with a focus on contributions to the comparison of the K-Means and K-Nearest Neighbor (KNN) algorithms for disease classification, then the classification results are carried out mapping the correlation of diseases with drugs using Apriori, based on the results of testing the K-Means algorithm more accurately compared KNN in the Apriori method to find the relationship of disease with drugs based on the value of support, trust, support value, trust is expected to be a reference for drug purchase recommendations so that there is no excess or emptiness of the drug.
Enhancing the Quality of Cellular Camera Video With Convolutional Neural Network
Authors: Tampubolon Hotman Parsaoran
Published: October 2019

Abstrak— At present technological developments, especially in the field of computer vision, are showing significant performance such as the application of convolutional neural networks that have a very high degree of accuracy, for example improving video quality which recently has image restoration such as super resolution (VSR) thanks to deep learning with the aim of helping produce better visual videos. The use of video cameras for mobile devices is now increasingly highly developed. Nowadays mobile devices are experiencing a rapid increase in quality especially in cameras. However, physical limitations such as the small sensor size, compact lens and the lack of supporting hardware can prevent cellular devices from achieving good video camera quality results. For that many method approaches are applied, one of which is the CNN (Convolutional Neural Network) method. This method can improve the image of video recordings that have poor quality.

Keywords—Convolutional neural network, computer vision, Improved video quality ;
STUDENTS IN BLENDED LEARNING BY FLIPPED CLASSROOM APPROACH
Authors: Nedeva Veselina , Dineva Snejana , Ducheva Zlatoeli
Published: October 2019

The article presents the Flipped Classroom approach and its application at the Faculty of Techniques and Technologies (FTT) - Yambol, based on the training in the subjects "Programming and Use of Computers", "Food Contaminants", and "Object-Oriented Programming" in the 2016-2018 academic years. For the students, the problem is to filter some sources that are not reliable. In the new digital age, the lecturers expect them to be creative and to prepare their assignment using new approaches. When students follow their lecturers’ instructions concerning the literature and resources their projects tend to be more successful. This is one of the issues we encounter in preparing students for their classes. The second problem that we want to solve is the presentation of information using the "pouring in the bank" approach, where students are offered lectures and tutorials without being able actively to participate in the learning process. The students are trained to acquire knowledge without placing and solving problems and looking for new solutions. The article goals are to analyze the approach that we apply to the students' training to stimulate their activity in learning the material and filling the gaps in their knowledge. The first part of the article reviews the theory and the application of the Flipped Classroom approach by other authors in different subject areas. We present different taxonomic models and qualities that they build for the student’s learning process. The following part analyses the application of the approach in the mentioned fields of study for students of Bachelor's and Master’s degrees. In the article, we present steps for Flipped classrooms. We discuss also the key elements of The Flipped classroom and the benefits and limitations of using it. In conclusion, the article outlines the results achieved and the prospects for enhancing the engagement of the students in learning.
Tekirdağ kiraz bahçelerinde Capnodis tenebrionis (L.) (Coleoptera: Buprestidae)’in mevsimsel yoğunluğu ve biyolojisi
Authors: ZOBAR Damla , KIVAN Müjgan
Published: October 2019

Çalışma Tekirdağ ilinin Süleymanpaşa ve Muratlı ilçelerinde bölgede yaygın olan anaçlardan Kuşkirazı, Gisela 5 ve MaXMa kiraz anaçlarının yer aldığı üç bahçede, 2014-2016 yılları arasında yürütülmüştür. Capnodis tenebrionis (L.)’in popülasyon yoğunluğunu belirlemek amacıyla sürvey çalışmalarında gözle kontrol, darbe ve tuzak yöntemleri kullanılmıştır. İlk ergin Mayıs ayında görülürken, en yüksek popülasyon yoğunluğu Temmuz ayında gözlemlenmiştir. En fazla sayıda C. tenebrionis ergini Kuşkirazı anacında toplanmıştır.
Antioksidatif estrogen dalam menghambat advanced oxidation protein product akibat reaksi glikosilasi
Authors: Adenan Adenan , Suhartono Eko , Setiawan Bambang
Published: October 2019

Ethinyl estradiol is an estrogen derivative used as contraceptive or hormone replacement therapy to maintain woman’s sexual function. The aim of this study was to examine ethinyl estradiol antioxidative activity and its potency to inhibit protein oxidation by glycocylation reaction. This study was an in vitro assay and its antioxidative activity by H2O2 scavenging, •OH scavenging, metal chelating were measured. Activity as inhibitor of Advanced Oxidation Protein Products (AOPP) was carried out by using glycocylation reaction. Three groups (n=6), i.e P0 control (3 ml of serum), P1 (3 ml of serum + glucose 500 mM), and P2 (3 ml of serum + glucose 500 mM + ethinyl estradiol 0,15gr/100mL) were used in this study. The result of this study showed that H2O2 scavenging, •OH scavenging, metal chelating were 48,889%, 15,139%, 11,538% respectively. For AOPP inhibition, P0 and P1 was different significantly (p<0,05), P0 and P2 was not different significantly (p>0,05), and P1 and P2 was different significantly (p<0,05). It was suggested that antioxidative mechanism from ethinyl estradiol could inhibit AOPP formation generated by glycocylation reaction.
Pengaruh kemampuan metakognitif terhadap kemampuan pemecahan masalah pada mahasiswa program akademik dan profesi Fakultas Kedokteran
Authors: Poncorini Pamungkasari Eti , Murti Bhisma , Mudjiman Haris
Published: October 2019

Problem solving ability is one of several competences that should be mastered by medical graduates. Metacognitive skill, which refers to skills of thinking about thinking, is presumed in the literature to have some relation with problem solving ability. This study aims to investigate the effect ofmetacognitive skill on problem solving ability among medical students of academic and professional programmes at the Faculty of Medicine. This study is analytic and observational, conducted at the Faculty of Medicine, Sebelas Maret University. The study subjects are medical students currentlyundertaking academic or professional programme at the Faculty of Medicine, Sebelas Maret University. Subject were selected purposively by distinguishing sub populations undertaking academic and professional programmes. From each sub population, 20 subjects were selected atrandom to result in a total of 40 subjects for this study. The data were collected by use of a questionnaire that has been previously designed by researchers abroad. The questionnaire was translated from English to Indonesian, modified accordingly, and subsequently tested for its validityand reliability, before use. The data were analyzed employing multiple linear regression model. The results of the regression analysis show that one score in metacognitive skill increases 0.71 score in problem solving ability (?= 0.71; 95%CI 0.37 to 1.06). In addition, students at the professional programme on average have problem solving ability 11.36 scores higher than those at the academic programme (?= 11.36; 95%CI 2.00 to 20.71). This study concludes that there is a statisticallysignfificant effect of metacognitive skill on problem solving ability among medical students at the Faculty of Medicine. After controlling for confounding factors such as learning stages, age, and sex, an increase in metacognitive skill will signficantly increase problem solving ability.
Documentation of tree species within Mizoram Science Centre, Berawtlang, Aizawl, India, with notes on their ethnomedicinal values
Authors: Lalrinkimi  , Lallianthanga R.K.
Published: October 2019

This study provides a first report of the various tree species prevailing in the tropical semi-evergreen forest within Mizoram Science Centre, Berawtlang, Aizawl in relation to their diversity; and also mentions traditional ethnomedicinal and economic uses of the species. A total number of 776 individual trees were assessed within the study site belonging to 74 different species representing 61 genera and 34 families. Among these, 55 tree species have been reported by previous workers to possess indigenous medicinal values. The most abundant tree species at the study site was found to be Callicarpa arborea (hnahkiah) of Verbenaceae comprising 14.30% of the total trees assessed, followed by Anogeissus acuminata (zairum) of Combretaceae with 12.62%, and Schima wallichii (khiang) of Theaceae with 10.56%. A concise list of the species recorded along with their ethnomedicinal and economic uses have been presented here. The prospect of in situ conservation of tree species is briefly highlighted.
Geological investigation and monitoring of Ramhlun Sports Complex landslide, Aizawl, India
Authors: Laldinpuia
Published: October 2019

Ramhlun Sports Complex is situated at the eastern limb of Aizawl anticline, Mizoram. Landslide took place in August 2012 which badly affected 16 houses. Due to presence of tension cracks, 38 houses are vacated within a safe time, but dismantled and 10 buildings are collapsed in August 2013. This affected 195 persons of 41 families. A geological investigation was performed; representative soil samples are analyzed as Atterberg’s limits, CBR (California bearing ratio), OMC (optimum moisture content) and MDD (maximum dry density), respectively. Instrumentations and monitoring of the movement using crackmeter and tape extensometer also done for two years. The CBR and MDD values are too low as compared to the safety standards, while moisture content is too high. This may show that the movement and erosion rate may be high. The movement was relatively high when rainfall increases. It was observed that, the area is not suitable and unsafe for settlement; constructions of road/ pavement are not recommended.
In vitro antioxidant and anti-inflammatory activities of the chloroform extract of Combretum punctatum var squamosum
Authors: Thanzami K. , Kakoti B.B. , Lalremruati C.
Published: October 2019

The objective of this study was to investigate the antioxidant and anti-inflammatory activities of the chloroform extract of Combretum punctatum var squamosum by in vitro models. Antioxidant activity was determined by 2, 2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) radical scavenging activity, reducing power and lipid peroxidation assays. The phenolic and flavonoid contents of the extract were also assessed. The extract at different concentrations showed significant percent inhibition of DPPH and lipid peroxidation and high reducing power when compared with the standard. The extract also showed a significantly high content of phenolics and flavonoids. Anti-inflammatory activity was studied by inhibition of albumin denaturation and human red blood cell (HRBC) membrane stabilization methods. The extract at different concentrations showed significant percent inhibition of albumin denaturation and percent inhibition of haemolysis when compared with the standard. Thus, the result indicates that the chloroform extract exhibited significant potential on anti-inflammatory and antioxidant activities.