bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
High pressure impact on changes in potato starch granules
Authors: Słomińska Lucyna , Zielonka Roman , Jarosławski Leszek , Krupska Aldona , Szlaferek Andrzej , Kowalski Wojciech , Tomaszewska-Gras Jolanta , Nowicki Marek
Published: November 2015

Air dry potato starch (84.9% d.s.) was subjected to pressurizing under the pressure of 50, 100, 250, 500, 750, 1000 and 2000 MPa for 1 h. The physical properties of pressurized starch, such as morphology, surface and crystalline structure, gelatinization parameters, were studied by means of scanning and atomic force microscopy (SEM/AFM), X-ray diffraction (X-ray), differential scanning calorimetry (DSC). The susceptibility to the amylolytic enzyme (α-amylase) was also measured. Application of pressure in the range of 50–2000 MPa results in an increase in the compressed potato starch bulk density, change in the contours of the granules from oval to polyhedral, increase in the roughness of the granule surface, vanishing of the X-ray reflexes generated by the orthogonal structure and weakening of the reflexes generated by the hexagonal structure, lowering of the enthalpy of starch gelatinization, and the enhancement of hydrolytic susceptibility of starch granules to the amylolytic enzyme.
Textural, surface, thermal and sorption properties of the functionalized activated carbons and carbon nanotubes
Authors: Nowicki Piotr , Szymanowski Wiktor , Pietrzak Robert
Published: November 2015

Two series of functionalised carbonaceous adsorbents were prepared by means of oxidation and nitrogenation of commercially available activated carbon and multi-walled carbon nanotubes. The effect of nitrogen and oxygen incorporation on the textural, surface, thermal and sorption properties of the adsorbents prepared was tested. The materials were characterized by elemental analysis, low-temperature nitrogen sorption, thermogravimetric study and determination of the surface oxygen groups content. Sorptive properties of the materials obtained were characterized by the adsorption of methylene and alkali blue 6B as well as copper(II) ions. The final products were nitrogen- and oxygen-enriched mesoporous adsorbents of medium-developed surface area, showing highly diverse N and O-heteroatom contents and acidic-basic character of the surface. The results obtained in our study have proved that through a suitable choice of the modification procedure of commercial adsorbents it is possible to produce materials with high sorption capacity towards organic dyes as well as copper(II) ions.
Different catalysts for new polyols for rigid PUR-PIR foams
Authors: Liszkowska Joanna , Czupryński Bogusław , Paciorek-Sadowska Joanna
Published: November 2015

New polyols were synthesized with 2-hydroxypropane-1.2.3-tricarboxylic acid and butane-1,4-diol (1.4-BD). The synthesis was performed using different catalysts in the amount of 0.1%. Used catalyst: Tyzor TPT, tin(II) acetate, sulfuric(IV) acid. The fourth reaction was conducted without the use of a catalyst. The polyols’ properties were evaluated with regards to the usefulness in rigid polyurethane-polyisocyanurate (PUR-PIR) foams (acid value, density, pH and solubility, FTIR spectra). Based on the research, it was evaluated that only the polyol synthesized using Tyzor TPT (E6) was useful in production of rigid PUR-PIR foams. Its hydroxyl number was 496 mgKOH/g and its viscosity was about 14 552 mPa · s. A series of five foams P6.1–P6.5 was produced with this polyol. Rigid foams test results indicated that the amount of this compound in the foam substantially affects its compressive strength, density and their retention. The foams have low brittleness values.
Cytomorphometry of serosal effusion in dogs
Authors: Przeździecki R. , Czopowicz M. , Sapierzyński R.
Published: November 2015

Cytomorphometry made on cytological slides is the quantitative method of precise analysis of cellular structures, including both cytoplasm and nucleus. The aim of this study was to describe cytomorphometric parameters of mesothelial cells in the course of benign reactive and malignant proliferation and to compare them to carcinomas and adenocarcinomas located within serosal cavities in dogs. The second aim was to evaluate applicability of cytomorphometry to diagnostics of diseases causing accumulation of effusion in serosal cavities. Cytological samples of normal and non-malignant mesothelium, mesothelioma and various carcinomas were collected from dogs. Cytomorphometry was made on the smears stained with Giemsa solution. Mean nuclear and cellular perimeter, mean nuclear and cellular area, mean nuclear and cellular diameter, and mean nuclear and cellular roundness were determined. Moreover, nuclear to cytoplasmic ratio (N/C) was calculated. The data revealed statistically significant differences for all parameters, excluding mean nuclear perimeter, between compared groups. Normal mesothelium cells and their nuclei were significantly smaller and more elongated than cells and nuclei of both benign reactive and malignant neoplastic mesothelium. Only a few differences were observed between benign reactive mesothelium cells and mesothelioma cells – mean nuclear area and mean nuclear diameter of benign reactive mesothelium cells were significantly larger and N/C ratio was higher in comparison to mesothelioma cells. Even though some significant differences were observed, considerable overlap of these cytomorphometric parameters in animals with different diseases limited practical role of these observations. Cytomorphometric analysis of cellular samples collected from dogs with proliferative processes affecting serosal cavities can be only an auxiliary method increasing accuracy of preoperative diagnosis.
The influence of experimental administration of low zearalenone doses on the expression of Th1 and Th2 cytokines and on selected subpopulations of lymphocytes in intestinal lymph nodes
Authors: Obremski K. , Wojtacha P. , Podlasz P. , Żmigrodzka M.
Published: November 2015

The aim of this study was to characterize the immune response taking place in ileocecal lymph nodes (ICLN) in control (n=15) and zearalenone (ZEN)-treated (n=15) pigs. The experiment was carried out over 42 days; a dose of 0.1 mg kg−1 feed day−1 of ZEN was administered to the animals. The dose used in the experiment was at a level where no adverse effects are observed (NOAEL) in the ovaries, uterus and vagina. ICLN samples for analysis were collected on the 14th, 28th and 42nd day of the experiment. The analysis of cytokine concentration in the tissues showed that pigs treated with ZEN had an increased level of cytokines produced by helper Th1 lymphocytes (IL-2, IL-12 and IFN-γ) on the 28th day of the experiment. The level of cytokines produced by helper Th2 lymphocytes (IL-4 and IL-10) was characterized by a statistically non-significant upward trend, as compared with the control group. Flow cytometry showed a linear decrease in the percentage of CD21+ B, CD2+ T and CD4+CD8- T cells and an increase in the percentage of CD8+CD4- and TCRγδ + T cells in pigs treated with ZEN. Both ZEN and α-ZEL (α-zearalenone) concentrations increased over time in the liver, but only ZEN concentration increased in ICLN. The results obtained demonstrate that a NOAEL concentration of ZEN shifts the immune response in pig ICLN towards Th1/Th17, probably with a simultaneous activation of M1 macrophages. Moreover, we observed an increase in humoral cytokine secretion; this can be explained by a negative feedback loop and a phenotypic switch of macrophages from M1 to M2, as well as a switch of immune response from Th1 to Th2 type. ZEN can therefore influence the process of cytokine secretion and the percentage of lymphocytes in ileocecal lymph nodes.
Tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNFα) gene polymorphism and expression of membrane-bound TNFα protein on CD11b+ and IgM+ cells in cows naturally infected with bovine leukemia virus
Authors: Bojarojć-Nosowicz B. , Kaczmarczyk E. , Stachura A. , Kubińska M.
Published: November 2015

The aim of this study was to determine whether SNP at position -824 (promoter region) of the TNFα gene significantly differentiates the size of IgM+, CD5+ and CD11b+ cell subpopulations and affects the expression of membrane-bound TNFα protein (mTNFα) on these cells and their susceptibility to BLV infections.

In this study, significant differences were determined for the first time between TNFα genotypes and the percentage of cells with the CD11b+TNFα+p24+ immunophenotype. Furthermore, greater expansion of lymphocytes with the IgM+TNFα+p24+ immunophenotype was reported in cows with the G/G genotype than in A/A homozygotes. Cells with the above immunophenotype were more frequently observed in cows with persistent leukocytosis than in aleukemic cattle.

Our results suggest that polymorphism of the TNFα-824 A>G gene and mTNFα protein expression play an important role in the pathogenesis of enzootic bovine leukosis.
Effect of phytogenics on growth performance, fecal score, blood profiles, fecal noxious gas emission, digestibility, and intestinal morphology of weanling pigs challenged with Escherichia coli K88
Authors: Mohana Devi S. , Lee S.I. , Kim I.H.
Published: November 2015

Phytogenic feed additives have become attractive alternatives for use in animal diets. The objective of the present study was to evaluate the effect of a phytogenic-based feed additive on growth performance, nutrient digestibility, blood profiles, fecal noxious gas emission, and intestinal morphology of weaning pigs after dietary challenge with E. coli K88. A total of 120 crossbred pigs [(Yorkshire × Landrace) × Duroc)] with an initial body weight (BW) of 6.09 ± 0.96 kg (21 d of age) were assigned randomly to 1 of the 4 dietary treatments. Each pen housed 5 pigs, and there were 6 pens/treatment. Treatments included: T1, negative control (without antibiotics); T2, T1 + antibiotic; T3, T1 + 0.05% phytogenics; and T4, T1 + 0.2% commercial mix of organic acids. Overall, the average daily gain (ADG) with the T3 treatment was higher (P<0.05). At wk 1, the apparent total tract digestibility (ATTD) of dry matter (DM) was increased (P<0.05) with T4 treatment. The ATTD of ash with T3 and T4 treatments was greater (P<0.05). At wk 3, pigs fed with the T4 diet had a significantly higher (P<0.05) ATTD of DM. The ATTD of ash and calcium (Ca) was significantly increased (P<0.05) with the T4 treatment. Pigs fed with the T3 diet had a higher (P<0.05) ATTD of phosphorus (P). At wk 6, the ATTD of ash was significantly increased (P<0.05) with the T1 and T3 treatments. The data indicate that phytogenics positively affect growth performance of weaning pigs, indicating that their use as an alternative in the diets of weaning pigs can significantly improve ADG, under challenge with E.coli K88.
Identification of new 18S rRNA strains of Babesia canis isolated from dogs with subclinical babesiosis
Authors: Łyp P. , Adaszek Ł. , Furmaga B. , Winiarczyk S.
Published: November 2015

In this study, we used PCR to detect and characterize B. canis from naturally infected dogs in Poland with subclinical babesiosis by amplifying and sequencing a portion of the 18S ribosomal RNA (rRNA) gene. Venous blood samples were collected from ten dogs with subclinical babesiosis. A 559-bp fragment of the B. canis 18S rRNA gene was amplified by PCR. Sequencing of the PCR products led to the identification of a new variant of Babesia canis, differing from the previously detected protozoa genotypes (18S rRNA-A and 18S rRNA-B) with nucleotide substitutions in positions 150 and 151 of the tested gene fragment. The results indicate the emergence within the Polish territory of a new, previously unencountered Babesia canis genotype responsible for the development of subclinical babesiosis.
Cytological evaluation of tracheal aspirate and broncho-alveolar lavage fluid in comparison to endoscopic assessment of lower airways in horses with recurrent airways obstruction or inflammatory airway disease
Authors: Wysocka B. , Kluciński W.
Published: November 2015

The aim of the present study was to compare the grade of discharge accumulation in the tracheal lumen, area of tracheal bifurcation, main bronchi and the tracheal septum thickness with the cytology of the tracheal aspirate (TA) and broncho-alveolar lavage fluid (BALF) in horses with recurrent airways obstruction and inflammatory airway disease from those horses. This study was conducted on 96 horses with RAO, 139 horses with IAD and 10 control horses. In all the horses, both clinical and endoscopic examinations were performed. During endoscopy, a score of mucus accumulation was estimated in 3/4 lower of the trachea and in the tracheal bifurcation. In addition, thickening of the tracheal septum was also assessed; tracheal aspirates and broncho-alveolar lavage were performed. An estimate of cell percentage was done in TA and BALF samples. In horses suffering from RAO and IAD, there was a positive correlation between the percentage of neutrophils and the accumulation of discharge, and in the IAD group, there was a negative correlation between the percentage of eosinophils and the accumulation of discharge. There was no correlation between tracheal septum thickening and the percentage of neutrophils and/or eosinophils.
Leukocyte modifications during the first month after foaling in mares and their newborn foals
Authors: Piccione G. , Rizzo M. , Arfuso F. , Giannetto C. , Di Pietro S. , Bazzano M. , Quartuccio M.
Published: November 2015

During early post-partum period both neonatal foals and peripartum mares are most susceptible to diseases. The aim of this study was to establish physiologic modifications of leukogram during the first month after foaling in mares and their newborn foals. To this end blood samples were collected from nine mares and nine foals (T0-T10), every three days from the 1st day until the 30th day after foaling. Samples were analysed for white blood cell (WBC) count and differential leucocyte counts.

Two-way repeated measure analysis of variance (ANOVA) showed, in postpartum mares WBC showed significant higher values at T0 (9.02±0.76) in respect to other time points, and at T2 (8.08±0.53) and T3 (7.92±0.59) compared to T1 (6.98±0.43), whereas in foals lower WBC values at T0 (6.11±0.49) compared to other experimental periods except T1 (6.90±0.94), and at T1 compared to T8 (7.95±0.61) and T10 (7.90±0.36) were observed.

The differential leucocyte counts showed significant modifications in the percentage of neutrophils (π<0.001) and lymphocytes (p<0.001) both in postpartum mares and in foals during the experimental period.

Furthermore ANOVA showed significant differences between postpartum mares and foals (P<0.01) in all studied parameters, and between postpartum mares and control mares in WBC and neutrophils values.

The obtained results provide suitable information about the influence of foaling on leukogram of periparturient mares and reveal WBC dynamics in newborn foals during the first month post-partum.
Zebrafish: an animal model for research in veterinary medicine
Authors: Nowik N. , Podlasz P. , Jakimiuk A. , Kasica N. , Sienkiewicz W. , Kaleczyc J.
Published: November 2015

The zebrafish (Danio rerio) has become known as an excellent model organism for studies of vertebrate biology, vertebrate genetics, embryonal development, diseases and drug screening. Nevertheless, there is still lack of detailed reports about usage of the zebrafish as a model in veterinary medicine. Comparing to other vertebrates, they can lay hundreds of eggs at weekly intervals, externally fertilized zebrafish embryos are accessible to observation and manipulation at all stages of their development, which makes possible to simplify the research techniques such as fate mapping, fluorescent tracer time-lapse lineage analysis and single cell transplantation. Although zebrafish are only 2.5 cm long, they are easy to maintain. Intraperitoneal and intracerebroventricular injections, blood sampling and measurement of food intake are possible to be carry out in adult zebrafish. Danio rerio is a useful animal model for neurobiology, developmental biology, drug research, virology, microbiology and genetics. A lot of diseases, for which the zebrafish is a perfect model organism, affect aquatic animals. For a part of them, like those caused by Mycobacterium marinum or Pseudoloma neutrophila, Danio rerio is a natural host, but the zebrafish is also susceptible to the most of fish diseases including Itch, Spring viraemia of carp and Infectious spleen and kidney necrosis. The zebrafish is commonly used in research of bacterial virulence. The zebrafish embryo allows for rapid, non-invasive and real time analysis of bacterial infections in a vertebrate host. Plenty of common pathogens can be examined using zebrafish model: Streptococcus iniae, Vibrio anguillarum or Listeria monocytogenes. The steps are taken to use the zebrafish also in fungal research, especially that dealing with Candida albicans and Cryptococcus neoformans. Although, the zebrafish is used commonly as an animal model to study diseases caused by external agents, it is also useful in studies of metabolic disorders including fatty liver disease and diabetes. The zebrafish is also a valuable tool as a model in behavioral studies connected with feeding, predator evasion, habituation and memory or lateralized control of behavior. The aim of the present article is to familiarize the reader with the possibilities of Danio rerio as an experimental model for veterinary medicine.
Place attachment, place identity and aesthetic appraisal of urban landscape
Authors: Jaśkiewicz Michał
Published: November 2015

As the aesthetic of the Polish cities became a topic of wider discussions, it is important to detect the potential role of human-place relations. Two studies (N = 185 & N = 196) were conducted to explore the relationship between place attachment, place identity and appraisal of urban landscape. Satisfaction with urban aesthetic was predicted by two dimensions of place attachment (place inherited and place discovered), local identity (on the trend level) and national-conservative identity. Place discovered and European identity were also predictors of visual pollution sensitivity. Place discovered is considered as more active type of attachment that permits both a positive bias concerning the aesthetics of one’s city, and a stronger criticism of the elements that can potentially violate the place’s landscape.
Clinical Significance of Therapeutic Approach to Treatment Planning
Authors: Afolabi Olusegun Emmanuel
Published: November 2015

Psychological assessment has long been reported as a key component of clinical psychology. This paper examined and shed light on the complexities surrounding the clinical significance of therapeutic approach to treatment Planning. To achieve this objective, the paper searched and used the PsycINFO and PubMed databases and the reference sections of chapters and journal articles to analysed the underlying themes: 1) a strong basis for the usage of therapeutic approach to psychological assessment in treatment plans, 2) explained the conceptual meaning of clinical significant change in therapeutic assessment, 3) used initial theory to explain the therapeutic mechanisms of change in clinical practice, 4) analysed the empirically documenting clinically significant change in therapeutic assessment. Finally, the study suggested that though therapeutic assessment is not sufficient for the systematic study of psychotherapy outcome and process, it is still consistent with both the lay-man and professional expectations regarding treatment outcome and also provides a precise method for classifying clients as “changed” or “unchanged” on the basis of clinical significance criteria.
Release of growth factors after mechanical and chemical pleurodesis for treatment of malignant pleural effusion: a randomized control study
Authors: Hojski Aljaz , Leitgeb Maja , Crnjac Anton
Published: November 2015

Background. Growth factors are key inducers of fibrosis but can also mediate inflammatory responses resulting in increasing pleural effusion and acute respiratory distress syndrome. The primary aim of the study was to analyse growth factors release after performing chemical and mechanical pleurodesis in the first 48 hours at the patients with malignant pleural effusion. The secondary endpoints were to evaluate the effectiveness of the both pleurodeses, symptoms release and the quality of life of patients after the treatment.

Patients and methods. A prospective randomized study included 36 consecutive female patients with breast carcinoma and malignant pleural effusion in an intention-to-treat analysis. We treated 18 patients by means of thoracoscopic mechanical pleurodesis and 18 patients by chemical pleurodesis with talcum applied over a chest tube. We gathered the pleural fluid and serum samples in the following 48 hours under a dedicated protocol and tested them for growth factors levels. A quality of life and visual analogue pain score surveys were also performed.

Results. Median measured serum vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) level after chemical pleurodesis was 930.68 pg/ml (95% CI: 388.22–4656.65) and after mechanical pleurodesis 808.54 pg/ml. (95% CI: 463.20-1235.13) (p = 0.103). Median pleural levels of transforming growth factor (TGF) β1 were higher after performing mechanical pleurodesis (4814.00 pg/ml [95% CI: 2726.51–7292.94]) when compared to those after performing chemical pleurodesis (1976.50 pg/ml [95% CI: 1659.82–5136.26]) (p = 0.078). We observed similar results for fibroblast growth factor (FGF) β; the serum level was higher after mechanical pleurodesis (30.45 pg/ml [95% CI: 20.40–59.42]), compared to those after chemical pleurodesis (13.39 pg/ml [95% CI: 5.04 – 74.60]) (p = 0.076). Mechanical pleurodesis was equally effective as chemical pleurodesis in terms of hospital stay, pleural effusion re-accumulation, requiring of additional thoracentesis, median overall survival, but, it shortened the mean thoracic drainage duration (p = 0.030) and resulted in a higher symptoms release and in a better quality of life (p = 0.047).

Conclusions. We recorded an increase in serum VEGF levels after chemical pleurodesis, however on the contrary, an increase in the pleural fluid level of TGFβ1 and FGFβ] after mechanical pleurodesis with respect to compared group. Although the differences did not reach statistical significance, VEGF, TGFβ1 and FGFβ remain the most interesting parameters for future research. Considering the mechanisms of growth factors action, we conclude that in our study group mechanical pleurodesis might be more efficient in terms of growth factors release, thoracic drainage duration and resulted in a higher symptoms release and in a better quality of life than chemical pleurodesis.
Analysis of risk factors for perifocal oedema after endovascular embolization of unruptured intracranial arterial aneurysms
Authors: Lukic Snezana , Jankovic Slobodan , Popovic Katarina Surlan , Bankovic Dragic , Popovic Peter , Mijailovic Milan
Published: November 2015

Background. Endovascular embolization is a treatment of choice for the management of unruptured intracranial aneurysms, but sometimes is complicated with perianeurysmal oedema. The aim of our study was to establish incidence and outcomes of perianeurysmal oedema after endovascular coiling of unruptured intracranial aneurysms, and to reveal possible risk factors for development of this potentially serious complication.

Methods. In total 119 adult patients with endovascular embolization of unruptured intracranial aneurysm (performed at Department for Interventional Neuroradiology, Clinical Center, Kragujevac, Serbia) were included in our study. The embolizations were made by electrolite-detachable platinum coils: pure platinum, hydrophilic and combination of platinum and hydrophilic coils. Primary outcome variable was perianeurysmal oedema visualized by magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) 7, 30 and 90 days after the embolization.

Results. The perianurysmal oedema appeared in 47.6% of patients treated with hydrophilic coils, in 21.6% of patients treated with platinum coils, and in 53.8% of those treated with mixed type of the coils. The multivariate logistic regression showed that variables associated with occurrence of perianeurysmal oedema are volume of the aneurysm, hypertension, diabetes and smoking habit. Hypertension is the most important independent predictor of the perianeurysmal oedema, followed by smoking and diabetes.

Conclusions. The results of our study suggest that older patients with larger unruptured intracranial aneurysms, who suffer from diabetes mellitus and hypertension, and have the smoking habit, are under much higher risk of having perianeurysmal oedema after endovascular coiling.
Constructing an e-portfolio of competences with higher education students of postsecondary age group. Technological issues and outcomes.
Authors: Ugolini Francesco C. , Orazi Roberto
Published: November 2015

This paper presents some outcomes and results of a 3-year empirical research in which we propose an adult workers-oriented tool – the portfolio of competences – to higher education students of the postsecondary age group, using an e-portfolio system (Mahara), with the aim of making them able to reflect about their learning experiences, to demonstrate their competences and to mobilize them in a real working context, relying on the substantial working experience they have during their studying period, albeit often occasional and scarcely related to their degree programme.

We especially focus here on technological issues, mainly addressing the portfolio structure and communication between the teacher/tutor and the students, analyzing data coming from the internal database of the e-portfolio system and comparing the solutions adopted both at technological and didactical level, from one year to another.
Anglobalisation And The Making Of The Third World. The British Empire In India
Authors: Penier Izabella
Published: November 2015

The world as we know it is, in a large measure, a product of what Neill Ferguson calls “anglobalization.” Even today it is difficult to assess the legacy of the British Empire. My article focuses on the great famines in British India. It attempts to look at assertions about the Empire’s good work in India through the prism of the research carried out by the leftwing historian Mike Davis, whose seminal 2001 study Late Victorian Holocausts. El Niño Famines and the Making of the Third World launched a debate on the human costs of anglobalisation.
ESP In The Classroom:Student And Teacher Competencies In Modern Computer And Communication Technologies
Authors: Milosevic Danica
Published: November 2015

This paper is going to present an approach to developing language competencies both in teachers and students on the example of the Technical College of Applied Sciences in Niš, Serbia at the departments of Modern Computer and Communication Technologies with the idea to draw attention to the advantages of this approach which has been tested in practice over the years.
Advertising Message Customisation/Standardisation And Corporate And Consumer Culture
Authors: Cristea Sanda Ligia
Published: November 2015

Advertising translators should be familiarised with the cultural conventions in the target market so that they can re-create the message conveyed in ads. However, advertising message adaptation depends not only on the customer profile but also on corporate culture. The paper focuses on the correlation between these elements and the linguistic choices made by some copywriters.
Multimeaningfulness In English And Serbian
Authors: Dimković-Telebaković Gordana
Published: November 2015

In this paper we examine conceptual structures that may communicate different meanings when employed in contemporary general and specialised English and Serbian. The analysis reveals that various word classes may be polysemic. The results suggest that the use of English and Serbian lexemes is context-dependent, and that lexeme usage in English is even more context-oriented than lexeme usage in Serbian. The findings also indicate that the same lexemes, slightly different or completely different lexical units can convey the same concept meanings in the two analysed languages.
It’s A Private Matter. Space And Gender Issues In Shakespeare’s Cymbeline
Authors: Percec Dana
Published: November 2015

The paper investigates the preoccupations of the 16th and 17th-century English society for the emerging phenomenon and concept of privacy, reflected, among others, in the new ways in which space is employed in defining hierarchies and gender roles. The paper deals with elements of cultural history related to the use and meaning of privacy, private life and private space in a Shakespearean play which is significant for the visual illustration of the concept – Cymbeline, more specifically, the bed-trick scene.
Drinking Patterns and Behavioral Consequences: A Cross-Sectional Study Among Romanian University Students
Authors: Adriana Nasui Bogdana , Popa Monica , Alina Popescu Codruta
Published: November 2015

Background

Alcohol/binge drinking among university students has become a major public health problem. Many of young students will be exposed to substantial changes in living arrangements, socialization groups and social activities during the transitional period.

Aim

The aim of this study was to analyse the alcohol consumption in Romanian university students, and to describe the behaviours occurring after drinking.

Methods

A cross-sectional study was conducted on 468 undergraduate students, from a university for medicine and law. Of these students, 35.5% were males and 64.5% were females. The mean age of students was 21.9 ± 3.22 years. Validated anonymous paper questionnaires were completed voluntary by the students. Questionnaires contained demographic items, six questions for determining the level of alcohol consumed in terms of quantity and frequency, and 19 statements or problems resulting from drinking.

Results

The findings of the study showed that males drunk more units of alcohol /week than females (p < 0.001). The prevalence of abstainers was 10.8% in males and 17.6% in women. Heavy drinkers (drinking 5 or more drinks more than once a week) were more common among male (19.3%) than among female students (16.2%). Most frequently, drinking behaviours are related to academic performance, and the possible link between poor academic performance and alcohol consumption appears tenuous and merits further investigation.

Conclusion

Effective intervention strategies should be implemented to prevent students’ alcohol consumption and adverse health and social consequences resulting from this behaviour.
Determinants of Unmet Needs Among Slovenian Old Population
Authors: Hlebec Valentina , Srakar Andrej , Majcen Boris
Published: November 2015

Background

Population ageing has significant effects on societies. The organization of care for dependent old people is one of the key issues for ageing societies. The majority of care for homebound dependent old people in Slovenia is still performed by informal carers, even though the use of formal services has been increasing over the last 20 years. The proportion and characteristics of people with unmet needs are important for the development of long term care social policy.

Method

The SHARE (Survey of Health, Ageing and Retirement in Europe) survey was used to assess the determinants of care arrangements and of unmet needs of the aging population in Slovenia. Multinomial regression analysis was used to evaluate individual and contextual determinants of care arrangements and unmet needs.

Results

The proportion of older people with unmet needs is 4%. As expected, “needs” (Functional impairment OR=4.89, P=0.000, Depression OR=2.59, P=0.001) were the most important determinant, followed by the predisposing factor “age” (age OR 1.15, P=0.000) and two enabling factors, namely:“community setting and “availability of informal care within household” (Urban areas OR=.47, P=0.021; Household size 3+ OR=2.11, P=0.030).

Conclusion

This study showed that there are a proportion of older people in Slovenia with severe needs for care, which are being unmet. As shown by the importance of enabling factors, social policy should encourage the development of formal services in rural areas and elaborate policy measures for informal carers.
A Decision Logic Approach to Mill’s Eliminative Induction
Authors: Piętka Dariusz , Stacewicz Paweł
Published: November 2015

The subject of the paper is a contemporary interpretation of J.S. Mill’s elimination method using selected concepts of Zdzisław Pawlak’s decision logic. The aim of the interpretation is to reformulate the original rules (canons) of Mill’s induction so that they correspond more precisely to his concept of cause as a complex sufficient condition. In the first part of the paper, we turn to Mill’s writings and justify the thesis that in his understanding the cause is an aggregation of circumstances, and not a single circumstance; next, we point out that Mill’s original canons (for example the canon of agreement and the canon of difference) do not allow causes-aggregations to be singled out from empirical data. In the second part of this paper, we present such aspects of Z. Pawlak’s decision logic that serve as the basis for the formalisation of the method of eliminative induction. We describe exhaustively the schema of induction that involves a gradual - divided into three stages - simplification of a set of implications corresponding to the observed dependencies [system of potential causes, effect]. The simplification is deductive because it maintains consistency within the set of implications. We show that such schema is ideal for isolating complex causes (aggregations of circumstances), ultimately described using complex conditional formulas of decision logic.
Algebraic entropies, Hopficity and co-Hopficity of direct sums of Abelian Groups
Authors: Goldsmith Brendan , Gong Ketao
Published: November 2015

Necessary and sufficient conditions to ensure that the direct sum of two Abelian groups with zero entropy is again of zero entropy are still unknown; interestingly the same problem is also unresolved for direct sums of Hopfian and co-Hopfian groups.We obtain sufficient conditions in some situations by placing restrictions on the homomorphisms between the groups. There are clear similarities between the various cases but there is not a simple duality involved.
Localizing humor through parodying white voice in Hawai‘i stand-up comedy
Authors: Furukawa Toshiaki
Published: November 2015

This discourse analytic study investigates the strategic use of represented talk and thought in Hawai‘i stand-up comedy performances. Utilizing the methods and findings of membership categorization, and stylization, I analyze how Local comedians make discursive contrasts by deploying Pidgin (Hawai‘i Creole) to voice Locals and by deploying “Haole” (
Recalibrating the context for reported speech and thought
Authors: Heinemann Trine , Wagner Johannes
Published: November 2015

This paper investigates how speakers who are about to produce, or in the midst of producing, reported speech and thought (RT), temporarily abandon the production of RT to include other material. Using Conversation Analysis, we identify three positions in which RT is abandoned temporarily and describe the resources employed by speakers to make recognizable to the recipient that what is about to be produced is something other than the projected RT. We then demonstrate how such inclusions are done to recalibrate the larger context of RT, to ensure that the recipient of RT is able to interpret the speaker’s underlying interactional project. We conclude by discussing how the inclusions we have identified and described relate to other practices that can be employed by speakers to adjust the design of talk in ways that best scaffold the interactional purpose of that talk.
Chewing Lice (Order Mallophaga, Suborders Amblycera and Ichnocera) Fauna of Domestic Chicken (Gallus Gallus Domesticus) in Ukraine
Authors: Yevstafieva V. A.
Published: November 2015

Fauna of chewing lice parasitizing Gallus gallus domesticus Linnaeus, 1758 (domestic chicken) in the Poltava Region was studied. Four species of chewing lice belonging to Menoponidae, Amblycera and Goniodidae, Ischnocera were identified. Of them, Menopon gallinae, Linnaeus, 1758 and Menacantus stramineus Nitzsch, 1818 are dominant, and Menacantus cornutus Schommer, 1913 and Goniocotes hologaster Nitzsch, 1838 are rarer. The prevalence and intensity of infestation of chewing lice on chickens and their localization on the host’s body were studied. Ratio of body lengths is proposed as a character that can facilitate parasites’ identification
The First Appearance of Hucho (Salmonidae) in the Fossil Record of Eastern Europe
Authors: Kovalchuk О. М.
Published: November 2015

Until now, fossil remains of Hucho Gunther, 1866 are known only from the Oligocene - middle Miocene strata of Baikal Russia, and from the late Pleistocene of Germany. New specimens, now identified as Hucho sp., come from the late Miocene of southern Ukraine. Numerous fragments of opercular bones and jaw teeth, morphologically similar to those in the extant genus Hucho, were found in Kubanka 2, Cherevychnoe 3, Tretya Krucha localities and dated by the late Sarmatian - early Maeotian (10-8 Ma). Th ese remains document the first appearance of huchen in geological past of Europe, filling in gap in distribution of this genus during the late Neogene, and throw light upon its biogeographical history.
First Description of the Male of Drassodes Kaszabi (Aranei, Gnaphosidae)
Authors: Fomichev A. A. , Marusik Y. M.
Published: November 2015

A previously unknown male of D. kaszabi Loksa, 1965 is described for the first time, and the female is redescribed. The species is known from Western Mongolia and Western Tuva.
Anti-biofilm activity of α-mangostin isolated from Garcinia mangostana L.
Authors: Nguyen Phuong T.M. , Vo Bac H. , Tran Nhung T. , Van Quyen D.
Published: November 2015

This study was carried out to further examine the anti-biofilm activity of α-mangostin (αMG) isolated from Garcinia mangostana L. grown in Vietnam, against a strongly biofilm producing Streptococcus mutans, a major causative agent of dental caries. The obtained data indicated that topical applications (twice-daily, 60 s exposure each) of 150 μM αMG during biofilm formation on the surfaces of hydroxyapatite disks (sHA) by S. mutans UA159 resulted in 30.7% reduction in biofilm accumulation after 68 h of growth. The treatment did not affect the viability of S. mutans cells in the biofilms. The surface activities of two key enzymes responsible for biofilm formation, i.e. the glycosyltransferases GtfB and GtfC, were reduced by 20 and 35%, respectively (vs. vehicle control, P < 0.05). Interestingly, αMG specifically targeted S. mutans in mixed biofilms, resulting in the decrease of the S. mutans population and total biofilm biomass. αMG was also found to accumulate within the biofilm of S. mutans up to 4.5 μg/biofilm, equal to a concentration of >10 μM/biofilm. In conclusion, this study confirmed anti-biofilm activity of αMG against S. mutans. A brief exposure to αMG may suppress biofilm formation by targeting key enzymes imvolved in biofilm formation.
Evaluation and characterization of trypsin inhibitor from rice bean with inhibitory activity against gut proteases of Spodoptera litura
Authors: Katoch Rajan , Sharma Kanika , Singh Sunil Kumar , Thakur Neelam
Published: November 2015

Trypsin inhibitor (TI) in rice bean (Vigna umbellata) varied spatio-temporally in different parts of the plant, with the highest level (30.9 mg/g d.w.) noted in the maturing seeds of genotype BRS-2 at 160 days after planting (DAP). The TI from rice bean seeds was isolated and purified approximately 182-fold, with a final yield of 29% using ammonium sulfate precipitation, ion exchange chromatography through DEAE-Sepharose, gel permeation through Superdex-75, and finally by affinity chromatography using a trypsin-Sepharose column. The purified TI showed a single band on SDS-PAGE under reducing conditions with an apparent molecular mass of 24 kDa. The highest activity of purified inhibitor (about 90%) was recorded at pH 4.0 at 37 °C, suggesting the stability of the inhibitor under acidic conditions. The TI exhibited an inhibitory effect against Spodoptera litura larvae. A progressive decline in larval weight, growth, and survival rate of larval development was observed after feeding S. litura larvae on a diet supplemented with increasing concentrations of rice bean TI. The highest TI content in the seeds nearing maturity correlates to the role of TIs in protecting against insect pests. The study clarifies the role of rice bean protease inhibitors as a potential strategy against insectpests of economic importance.
The Impact of Financial Liberalization on Islamic Bank's Efficiency in Indonesia
Authors: Adawiyah Wiwiek Rabiatul
Published: November 2015

The aim of this research is analyze the state of efficiency demonstrated by foreign banks, as aggressor, as compared to that of the local banks – government banks and Islamic banks during the period 2009-2012. Data Envelopment Analysis (DEA) with intermediation approach is used as the main tool of analysis. Input variable chosen are deposit, asset, and personnel expenses. Meanwhile loan and income are chosen as output variable. To find out the difference of efficiency between foreign banks and islamic banks, this study use parametric different test of Independent Sample T-test. The study indicates that foreign banks are less efficient if compared to the local banks, especially Islamic banks and Sharia Business Units. It is also evidenced that there is no significant difference between the efficiency of foreign and Islamic banks during the period 2009-2012.DOI: 10.15408/aiq.v7i2.1680
Methodic of senior pupils’ training to throwing movements on the bases of technology of complex impact on motor and intellectual development
Authors: Al-Ravashdeh Abdel Baset , Kozina Z.L. , Bazilyuk T.A. , Ilnickaya A.S.
Published: November 2015

Purpose: to determine influence of technologies of integral cognitive and motor orientation on training of throwing technique in light athletic. Material: 2 groups of schoolgirls participated in the research: control (n = 22 - girls) and experimental (n = 21 - girls). Results: positive effect of authors’ methodic application is ensured by adequate selection of exercises and expansion of theoretical aspect of training program. The program includes interdisciplinary connections and informational technologies for activation of associative perception of principles of rational movements’ technique. Practical fulfillment of preliminary and main exercises is supplemented by theoretical studying of basic light athletic movements’ bio-mechanical principles. At lessons on informatics, geometry, biology pupils watched educational film, in which there was shown analogy in rule of vectors’ addition and laws of bio-mechanical forces’ addition. Conclusions: We have shown validity and purposefulness of application of the methodic at light athletic trainings of senior forms pupils.
Objective criteria for determination of functional-reserve potentials of secondary school age pupils
Authors: Bodnar I.R. , Rymar O.V. , Solovei A.V. , Malanchuk G.G. , Datskiv P.P.
Published: November 2015

Purpose: to substantiate criteria for determination of functional-reserve potentials of secondary school age pupils. Material: 1017 pupils of 5-9 forms from 16 schools were questioned. Besides, 200 physical culture teachers from 75 schools of 25 Ukrainian cities were questioned. 154 schoolchildren were tested/ Physical fitness and health levels were tested by index. Pupils fulfilled 4 simple test exercises. Results: we determined indicators of physical condition, psychic state, scopes of motor functioning. We substantiated criteria for determination of schoolchildren’s functional-reserve potentials as well as values of boundary physical condition and physical fitness indicators, which guarantee strong health and optimal functional-reserve potentials of pupil’s organism. Conclusions: Deviation of these indicators’ complex from boundary values informs about pupils’ potential belonging to group of risk. It requires correction of pupil’s way of life and his (her) motor functioning.
Substantiation of health related power lifting training methodic for univeristies students with muscular skeletal apparatuse affections.
Authors: Zhen Qiang San.
Published: November 2015

Purpose: substantiation of health related power lifting training methodic for universities students, who have disorders of muscular skeletal apparatus. Material: in experimental researches 126 students of 18-24 years’ age, having disorders of muscular skeletal apparatus, participated. With the help of testing we registered changes of students’ functional, physical and psycho-physiological fitness indicators. Results: optimal correlation of specific and non specific loads was found: 60% of specific and 40% of non specific. It is recommended to follow certain correlation of exercises in easy and complicated conditions: for first year students - 3:2; for second year students - 3:2; for third year - 2:3; for forth year - 2:3; for fifth year students - 1:3. Specific only for power lifting conditions and temps of students’ (with muscular skeletal apparatus affections) functional, physical and psycho-physiological fitness improvement were determined. Conclusions: The requirements of the training methodic envisage correction of loads for bringing every indicator on proper level.
Influence of cyclic moderate intensity work on functional fitness of 17-21 years old students with “high” content of fat component
Authors: Furman Y.M. , Brezdenyuk O.Y.
Published: November 2015

Purpose: determination of run loads purposefulness in aerobic energy supply mode for increasing of functional fitness of 17-21 years old boys with high content of fat component. Material: 17 boys of 17-21 years’ age, who did not practice sports, participated in the researches. By their health all boys were belonged to main health group. During 24 weeks training cycle, at different stages of the research (in 8, 16 and 24 weeks from the beginning of training) we registered indicators of aerobic performance and component composition of body mass. Results: with trainings’ periodicity of 3 times a week energy losses for one training did not exceed maximal admissible value and exceeded minimal one. Minimal value was not less than 44% from maximal admissible energy losses (energy losses of one training were approximately 50% from maximal admissible). Conclusions: run loads in aerobic energy supply mode confidently increase boys’ aerobic potentials after 16 weeks of trainings. With it they do not influence on anaerobic performance. It was found that under influence of such trainings fat component of body mass and visceral fat reduce; muscular component increases. Alongside with it body mass index and main metabolism did not change for 24 weeks of trainings.