bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The Energy Requirement for Supplemental Greenhouse Lighting Can Be Reduced by Considering ‘Excess’ Light from the Previous Day
Authors: Jayalath Theekshana C. , van Iersel Marc W. , Ferrarezi Rhuanito Soranz
Published: February 2024

The sunlight greenhouse crops receive varies and is often insufficient for consistent year-round growth in greenhouses. Supplemental lighting is commonly applied in winter, but this practice has a significant energy cost, accounting for 10–30% of operating expenses and impacting greenhouse profitability. Greenhouse lights are traditionally adjusted based on sunlight intensity to meet crops’ daily light requirements. However, if plants can withstand lower daily light integrals (DLI) after a sunny day without reducing the growth, there is potential to reduce the energy required for supplemental lighting and increase the profit. To determine whether excess light received one day can be ‘carried over’ to the next, we grew oakleaf lettuce (Lactuca sativa ‘Green Salad Bowl’ and ‘Red Salad Bowl’) under six lighting regimes inside a vertical farm. Plants in all treatments received an average DLI of 15 mol·m−2·d−1, but DLIs alternated from day-to-day (15/15, 17.5/12.5, 20/10, 22.5/7.5, 25/5, and 27.5/2.5 mol·m−2·d−1), resulting in DLI fluctuations from 0 to 25 mol·m−2·d−1. Plants had similar leaf area (~800 cm2/plant) and dry weight (~1.8 g/plant) when grown with DLI fluctuations from 0 to 15 mol·m−2·d−1, while higher DLI fluctuation reduced growth. To confirm this DLI “carrying-over” effect on plants grown under sunlight with supplemental light, we conducted a second study in a greenhouse with ‘Green Salad Bowl’ lettuce. In this study, plants were grown with five different DLI fluctuations (15/15, 16.75/13.25, 18.5/11.5, 20.25/9.75, and 22/8 mol·m−2·d−1), ranging from 0 to 14 mol·m−2·d−1, while maintaining an average DLI of 15 mol·m−2·d−1 in all the treatments. We observed similar leaf area (~750 cm2/plant) and dry weight (~1.8 g/plant) in lettuce plants grown with DLI fluctuations from 0 to 10.5 mol·m−2·d−1. Higher DLI fluctuations reduced growth. Hence, carrying excess light from a sunny to an overcast day is possible within limits. Our study concluded that the DLI requirement can be reduced by approximately 5.25 mol·m−2·d−1 on the day following a sunny day. By analyzing historical weather data from five US locations, we quantified the potential annual energy savings from incorporating this ‘carrying-over DLI’ concept. This approach resulted in annual energy savings of approximately 75–190 MWh/ha in greenhouse lettuce production. Such reductions in supplemental lighting energy will enhance the profitability and sustainability of the greenhouse industry.
Morphological and Genomic Differences in the Italian Populations of Onopordum tauricum Willd.—A New Source of Vegetable Rennet
Authors: Casavecchia Simona , Giannelli Francesco , Giovannotti Massimo , Trucchi Emiliano , Carducci Federica , Quattrini Giacomo , Lucchetti Lara , Barucca Marco , Canapa Adriana , Biscotti Maria Assunta , Aquilanti Lucia , Pesaresi Simone
Published: February 2024

Onopordum tauricum Willd., a species distributed in Eastern Europe, has been the subject of various research endeavors aimed at assessing its suitability for extracting vegetable rennet for use in the production of local cheeses as a substitute for animal-derived rennet. In Italy, the species has an extremely fragmented and localized distribution in six locations scattered across the central-northern Apennines and some areas of southern Italy. In this study, both the morphology and genetic diversity of the six known Italian populations were investigated to detect putative ecotypes. To this end, 33 morphological traits were considered for morphometric measurements, while genetic analysis was conducted on the entire genome using the ddRAD-Seq method. Both analyses revealed significant differences among the Apennine populations (SOL, COL, and VIS) and those from southern Italy (ROT, PES, and LEC). Specifically, the southern Italian populations appear to deviate significantly in some characteristics from the typical form of the species. Therefore, its attribution to O. tauricum is currently uncertain, and further genetic and morphological analyses are underway to ascertain its systematic placement within the genus Onopordum.
Chitosan/Virgin Coconut Oil-Based Emulsions Doped with Photosensitive Curcumin Loaded Capsules: A Functional Carrier to Topical Treatment
Authors: Rodrigues Luísa C. , Ribeiro Adriana P. , Silva Simone S. , Reis Rui L.
Published: February 2024

In recent years, there has been a growing interest in developing smart drug delivery systems based on natural resources combined with stimulus-sensitive elements. This trend aims to formulate innovative and sustainable delivery platforms tailored for topical applications. This work proposed the use of layer-by-layer (LbL) methodology to fabricate biocompatible photo-responsive multilayer systems. These systems are composed of a polyoxometalate inorganic salt (POM) ([NaP5W30O110]14−) and a natural origin polymer, chitosan (CHT). Curcumin (CUR), a natural bioactive compound, was incorporated to enhance the functionality of these systems during the formation of hollow capsules. The capsules produced, with sizes between 2–5µm (SEM), were further dispersed into CHT/VCO (virgin coconut oil) emulsion solutions that were casted into molds and dried at 37 °C for 48 h. The system presented a higher water uptake in PBS than in acidic conditions, still significantly lower than that earlier reported to other CHT/VCO-based systems. The drug release profile is not significantly influenced by the medium pH reaching a maximum of 37% ± 1% after 48 h. The antioxidant performance of the designed structures was further studied, suggesting a synergistic beneficial effect resulting from CUR, POM, and VCO individual bioactivities. The increased amount of those excipients released to the media over time promoted an increase in the antioxidant activity of the system, reaching a maximum of 38.1% ± 0.1% after 48 h. This work represents a promising step towards developing advanced, sustainable drug delivery systems for topical applications.
Integrating Improved Coati Optimization Algorithm and Bidirectional Long Short-Term Memory Network for Advanced Fault Warning in Industrial Systems
Authors: Ji Kaishi , Dogani Azadeh , Jin Nan , Zhang Xuesong
Published: February 2024

In today’s industrial landscape, the imperative of fault warning for equipment and systems underscores its critical significance in research. The deployment of fault warning systems not only facilitates the early detection and identification of potential equipment failures, minimizing downtime and maintenance costs, but also bolsters equipment reliability and safety. However, the intricacies and non-linearity inherent in industrial data often pose challenges to traditional fault warning methods, resulting in diminished performance, especially with complex datasets. To address this challenge, we introduce a pioneering fault warning approach that integrates an enhanced Coati Optimization Algorithm (ICOA) with a Bidirectional Long Short-Term Memory (Bi-LSTM) network. Our strategy involves a triple approach incorporating chaos mapping, Gaussian walk, and random walk to mitigate the randomness of the initial solution in the conventional Coati Optimization Algorithm (COA). We augment its search capabilities through a dual population strategy, adaptive factors, and a stochastic differential variation strategy. The ICOA is employed for the optimal selection of Bi-LSTM parameters, effectively accomplishing the fault prediction task. Our method harnesses the global search capabilities of the COA and the sophisticated data analysis capabilities of the Bi-LSTM to enhance the accuracy and efficiency of fault warnings. In a practical application to a real-world case of induced draft fan fault warning, our results indicate that our method anticipates faults approximately two hours in advance. Furthermore, in comparison with other advanced methods, namely, the Improved Social Engineering Optimizer Optimized Backpropagation Network (ISEO-BP), the Sparrow Particle Swarm Hybrid Algorithm Optimized Light Gradient Boosting Machine (SSAPSO-LightGBM), and the Improved Butterfly Optimization Algorithm Optimized Bi-LSTM (MSBOA-Bi-LSTM), our proposed approach exhibits distinct advantages and robust prediction effects.
Research and Applications of New Fracturing Technology in Low-Abundance and Greater-Depth Well LN-1 Reservoirs
Authors: Shi Minghua , Chen Dechun , Wang Liangliang , Wang Tengfei , Song Wei , Wang Jiexiang
Published: February 2024

The upper Shasi reservoir in the LN block is characterized by low abundance and greater depth, low porosity, low permeability, and low pressure. Due to high water injection pressure, the LN block has been developed in an elastic way. The natural productivity of oil wells in this block is low, but the productivity can be improved after fracturing. However, the field development effects show that the oil well has high initial production, but rapid decline and rapid pressure drop. At present, the recovery factor of this block is only 0.38%, and it is difficult to realize the economic and effective development of a difficult-to-develop block by conventional fracturing technology. Based on the geological characteristics of the LN block and the fracturing experience of adjacent wells, the fracturing process is optimized and the key fracturing parameters are determined in combination with the sand body distribution and logging curve of well LN-1. Due to the low-pressure coefficient and medium water sensitivity of well LN-1, a new high-efficiency stimulation fracturing fluid system was selected and the formula of the fracturing fluid system was formed. The cluster perforating process is optimized according to reservoir differences, and the perforating “sweet spot” is optimized. Based on the sand body spread point of well LN-1, the high diversion channel technology and the temporary plugging and turning fracturing technology are selected to form a new fracturing and stimulation technology suitable for this kind of oil reservoir. A fracturing test was performed in layers 17# (electrical sequencing number) and 22# of well LN-1. The initial oil production was 12.5 t/d, and the stimulation effect was significantly higher than the 8.3 t/d (general fracturing) of adjacent wells. At present, the well LN-1 has been producing steadily for more than six months, and the results of this work can provide technical guidance for the efficient development of low-abundance and greater-depth oil reservoirs that are difficult to develop.
Accurate Localization of First and Second Heart Sounds via Template Matching in Forcecardiography Signals
Authors: Centracchio Jessica , Parlato Salvatore , Esposito Daniele , Andreozzi Emilio
Published: February 2024

Cardiac auscultation is an essential part of physical examination and plays a key role in the early diagnosis of many cardiovascular diseases. The analysis of phonocardiography (PCG) recordings is generally based on the recognition of the main heart sounds, i.e., S1 and S2, which is not a trivial task. This study proposes a method for an accurate recognition and localization of heart sounds in Forcecardiography (FCG) recordings. FCG is a novel technique able to measure subsonic vibrations and sounds via small force sensors placed onto a subject’s thorax, allowing continuous cardio-respiratory monitoring. In this study, a template-matching technique based on normalized cross-correlation was used to automatically recognize heart sounds in FCG signals recorded from six healthy subjects at rest. Distinct templates were manually selected from each FCG recording and used to separately localize S1 and S2 sounds, as well as S1–S2 pairs. A simultaneously recorded electrocardiography (ECG) trace was used for performance evaluation. The results show that the template matching approach proved capable of separately classifying S1 and S2 sounds in more than 96% of all heartbeats. Linear regression, correlation, and Bland–Altman analyses showed that inter-beat intervals were estimated with high accuracy. Indeed, the estimation error was confined within 10 ms, with negligible impact on heart rate estimation. Heart rate variability (HRV) indices were also computed and turned out to be almost comparable with those obtained from ECG. The preliminary yet encouraging results of this study suggest that the template matching approach based on normalized cross-correlation allows very accurate heart sounds localization and inter-beat intervals estimation.
On-Chip Photonic Detection Techniques for Non-Invasive In Situ Characterizations at the Microfluidic Scale
Authors: Kurdadze Tamar , Lamadie Fabrice , Nehme Karen A. , Teychené Sébastien , Biscans Béatrice , Rodriguez-Ruiz Isaac
Published: February 2024

Microfluidics has emerged as a robust technology for diverse applications, ranging from bio-medical diagnostics to chemical analysis. Among the different characterization techniques that can be used to analyze samples at the microfluidic scale, the coupling of photonic detection techniques and on-chip configurations is particularly advantageous due to its non-invasive nature, which permits sensitive, real-time, high throughput, and rapid analyses, taking advantage of the microfluidic special environments and reduced sample volumes. Putting a special emphasis on integrated detection schemes, this review article explores the most relevant advances in the on-chip implementation of UV–vis, near-infrared, terahertz, and X-ray-based techniques for different characterizations, ranging from punctual spectroscopic or scattering-based measurements to different types of mapping/imaging. The principles of the techniques and their interest are discussed through their application to different systems.
Multivariable Air-Quality Prediction and Modelling via Hybrid Machine Learning: A Case Study for Craiova, Romania
Authors: El Mghouchi Youness , Udristioiu Mihaela Tinca , Yildizhan Hasan
Published: February 2024

Inadequate air quality has adverse impacts on human well-being and contributes to the progression of climate change, leading to fluctuations in temperature. Therefore, gaining a localized comprehension of the interplay between climate variations and air pollution holds great significance in alleviating the health repercussions of air pollution. This study uses a holistic approach to make air quality predictions and multivariate modelling. It investigates the associations between meteorological factors, encompassing temperature, relative humidity, air pressure, and three particulate matter concentrations (PM10, PM2.5, and PM1), and the correlation between PM concentrations and noise levels, volatile organic compounds, and carbon dioxide emissions. Five hybrid machine learning models were employed to predict PM concentrations and then the Air Quality Index (AQI). Twelve PM sensors evenly distributed in Craiova City, Romania, provided the dataset for five months (22 September 2021–17 February 2022). The sensors transmitted data each minute. The prediction accuracy of the models was evaluated and the results revealed that, in general, the coefficient of determination (R2) values exceeded 0.96 (interval of confidence is 0.95) and, in most instances, approached 0.99. Relative humidity emerged as the least influential variable on PM concentrations, while the most accurate predictions were achieved by combining pressure with temperature. PM10 (less than 10 µm in diameter) concentrations exhibited a notable correlation with PM2.5 (less than 2.5 µm in diameter) concentrations and a moderate correlation with PM1 (less than 1 µm in diameter). Nevertheless, other findings indicated that PM concentrations were not strongly related to NOISE, CO2, and VOC, and these last variables should be combined with another meteorological variable to enhance the prediction accuracy. Ultimately, this study established novel relationships for predicting PM concentrations and AQI based on the most effective combinations of predictor variables identified.
Exploring How the Dark Triad and Curiosity Shape the Trajectory of Affective Events in Response to COVID-19 Stress and Psychological Well-Being: A Three-Way Interaction Model
Authors: Junça-Silva Ana , Rueff-Lopes Rita
Published: February 2024

Background: The present research relied on the affective events theory to develop a framework explaining how daily micro-events trigger affective reactions that, in turn, influence quality-of-life indicators (i.e., psychological well-being and COVID-19 stress). We further delineated theoretical arguments for curiosity as a boundary condition that moderated this relation and proposed the dark triad (Machiavellianism, narcissism, and psychopathy) as a threatening factor. Methods: We conducted two studies to test the model. Study one analyzed the moderated mediation model regarding COVID-19 stress (n = 241), and study two (n = 653) analyzed the model regarding psychological well-being as the outcome. Results: Study one demonstrated that daily hassles increased COVID-19 stress via a negative effect, but this was not contingent on the levels of curiosity and the dark triad traits. However, the mediating path of positive affect between daily uplifts and COVID-19 stress was conditional upon the levels of curiosity and the dark triad traits (Machiavellianism and psychopathy), such that when individuals scored high on curiosity and dark traits, the indirect effect became stronger. The results showed that narcissism did not moderate the moderated mediation relationship. Study two showed that daily uplifts boosted psychological well-being through positive affect, and this relation was dependent on curiosity and on the three dark traits, such that it became weaker as curiosity decreased and the dark triad traits increased. We also found that daily hassles, by triggering negative affect, decreased psychological well-being, in particular for those who scored lower on curiosity and higher on psychopathy and narcissism (but not for Machiavellianism). Conclusions: Overall, COVID-19 stress seems to be more responsive to daily hassles than to daily uplifts. Nevertheless, when daily uplifts are factored in, they foster a sense of well-being that helps reduce COVID-19-related stress, especially in individuals who are naturally curious and exhibit high levels of Machiavellian and psychopathic traits. Conversely, psychological well-being appears to be more influenced by situational factors, as it is affected by both types of daily micro-events. We discuss the implications of both studies in light of the affective events theory.
Listening to Children: A Childist Analysis of Children’s Participation in Family Law Cases
Authors: Alminde Sarah
Published: February 2024

Building on critical childhood studies and childism, this paper analyses children’s participation in family law cases in Denmark. Spurred particularly by the UN Convention on the Rights of the Child, together with a general shift in the view on children, several jurisdictions, including Denmark, have implemented legislative reform in the last decades to accommodate children’s participation rights. Even though such legal participation rights have increased, research in the family law field indicates that children’s perspectives are often undermined or excluded. An analysis of qualitative data (workshops, observations, and interviews) establishes how the positioning of children and children’s perspectives (as well as how “listening to children” is enacted) can be crucial to understanding the mechanisms that either subsidize or undermine children’s perspectives in family law cases. The paper argues further that “listening emergent” to children can offer a path to deconstructing the norms and structures that undermine and exclude children’s views—and thus offer a childist contribution to childhood research.
RETRACTED: Lai, Q.; Lee, G. An Exploratory Study of the Intrinsic Mechanisms of Occupational Stigma Consciousness, Career Development, and Work–Life Balance among Female Leaders. Sustainability 2023, 15, 15945
Authors: Lai Qiujia , Lee Gukseong
Published: February 2024

The Sustainability Editorial Office retracts the article “An Exploratory Study of the Intrinsic Mechanisms of Occupational Stigma Consciousness, Career Development, and Work–Life Balance among Female Leaders” [...]
Sustainable Development of Industrial Engineering with the Application of Intelligent Systems
Authors: Erdebilli Babek , Tirkolaee Erfan Babaee
Published: February 2024

This Special Issue focuses on Intelligent Systems (ISs) in the context of sustainable development for industrial engineering [...]
Multi-Objective Optimization of Building Energy Saving Based on the Randomness of Energy-Related Occupant Behavior
Authors: Zhang Zhouchen , Yao Jian , Zheng Rongyue
Published: February 2024

Given the escalating global energy demand driven by building energy consumption, this study is dedicated to meticulously investigating efficient energy-saving strategies in buildings, with a keen focus on the impact of occupant behavior’s randomness on energy efficiency and multi-objective optimization. The methodology encompassed a thorough analysis of various energy consumption factors, including building envelope and architectural form. We employed Latin Hypercube Sampling for in-depth sampling studies across each factor’s reasonable range. Utilizing Sobol sensitivity analysis, we pinpointed variables of high sensitivity and embarked on multi-objective optimization targeting two primary indicators: energy consumption and thermal comfort. Leveraging the NSGA-II algorithm, we adeptly identified optimal solutions, culminating in the proposition of building energy-saving strategies anchored on the Pareto frontier. Through stochastic modeling simulations of occupant behavior in window opening and air conditioning usage, a comparison was made with models that do not consider occupant behavior. It was found that incorporating occupant behavior into energy-saving designs can reduce energy consumption by up to 20.20%, while ensuring thermal comfort. This approach can achieve improved energy efficiency and indoor comfort.
Risk Assessment of Geological Hazards in the Alpine Gorge Region and Its Influencing Factors: A Case Study of Jiulong County, China
Authors: Zhang Xin , Jiang Lijun , Deng Wei , Shu Zhile , Gao Meiben , Liu Guichuan
Published: February 2024

The mountainous areas in the western part of Sichuan Province are mostly Alpine Gorge regions with high mountains, steep slopes, complex topography and geomorphology, special climatic conditions, infertile soils, and fragile ecological environments. In this study, a geohazard risk assessment was carried out in the Alpine Gorge region to prevent geohazards from hindering socio-economic development, affecting the lives and safety of residents, and undermining sustainable development in the region. With the help of a geographic information system (GIS), the analysis of geohazard influence factors was carried out; eight indicators, such as elevation and slope aspect, were selected to construct the evaluation index system. Additionally, the time and space distribution pattern of each influence factor and geohazard was analyzed. Geologic hazards in the region are influenced mainly by precipitation and human engineering activities. The prediction and evaluation of geohazard risk in Jiulong County are based on the Information Value model (IV), the Logistic Regression model (LR), and the Random Forest model (RF). Comparing the Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves of the three models for the accuracy test, the results show that all three models are suitable for the Alpine Gorge region, and the Logistic Regression model has the highest accuracy. Based on the evaluation results, measures and countermeasures for geologic disaster prevention and mitigation are proposed in light of the reality of geologic disaster prevention and mitigation work in Jiulong County. The research results can guide the government’s disaster prevention and mitigation work, provide a scientific basis for formulating regional geologic disaster prevention and control strategies, and ultimately promote the region’s sustainable development.
Analyzing Rainfall Trends Using Statistical Methods across Vaippar Basin, Tamil Nadu, India: A Comprehensive Study
Authors: Muthiah Manikandan , Sivarajan Saravanan , Madasamy Nagarajan , Natarajan Anandaraj , Ayyavoo Raviraj
Published: February 2024

The Vaippar basin in southern India is economically important for rainfed and irrigated agriculture, mainly depending on the northeast monsoon (NEM) during October–December, and any changes in rainfall patterns directly affect crop ecosystems. This study aimed to analyze spatio-temporal rainfall changes using the monthly data from 13 scattered rain gauge stations in the Vaippar basin, India. They were converted into gridded rainfall data by creating 26 equally spaced grids with a spacing of 0.125° × 0.125° for the period between 1971 and 2019 through interpolation technique. Three methods, namely Simple Linear Regression (SLR), Mann–Kendell/modified Mann–Kendell (MK/MMK), and Sen’s Innovation trend analysis (ITA), were employed to detect trends and magnitudes for annual and seasonal gridded rainfall series. The results showed significant trends at 2.3%, 7.7%, and 44.6% of grid points using SLR, MK/MMK, and ITA methods, respectively. Notably, ITA analysis revealed significant trends in annual and NEM rainfall at 57.69% and 76.92% of the grid points, respectively, at a 5% significance level. The southwestern and central parts of the basin exhibited a higher number of significant upward trends in annual rainfall. Similarly for the NEM season, the south-eastern, central, and extreme southern parts experienced significant upward trend. The western part of the basin exhibited significantly upward trend with a slope value of 2.03 mm/year, while the central part showed non-significant downward trend with a slope value of −1.89 mm/year for the NEM series. This study used the advantage of ITA method, allowing for exploration of monotonic/non-monotonic trends, as well as subtrends of low, medium, and high rainfall segments within the series. The key findings of this study serve as a scientific report from a policy perspective, aiding in the preparation and management of extreme climate effects on land and water resources in the Vaipaar basin.
Hydrogen Adsorption in Porous Geological Materials: A Review
Authors: Wang Lu , Jin Zhijun , Huang Xiaowei , Liu Runchao , Su Yutong , Zhang Qian
Published: February 2024

The paper adopts an interdisciplinary approach to comprehensively review the current knowledge in the field of porous geological materials for hydrogen adsorption. It focuses on detailed analyses of the adsorption characteristics of hydrogen in clay minerals, shale, and coal, considering the effect of factors such as pore structure and competitive adsorption with multiple gases. The fundamental principles underlying physically controlled hydrogen storage mechanisms in these porous matrices are explored. The findings show that the adsorption of hydrogen in clay minerals, shale, and coal is predominantly governed by physical adsorption that follows the Langmuir adsorption equation. The adsorption capacity decreases with increasing temperature and increases with increasing pressure. The presence of carbon dioxide and methane affects the adsorption of hydrogen. Pore characteristics—including specific surface area, micropore volume, and pore size—in clay minerals, shale, and coal are crucial factors that influence the adsorption capacity of hydrogen. Micropores play a significant role, allowing hydrogen molecules to interact with multiple pore walls, leading to increased adsorption enthalpy. This comprehensive review provides insights into the hydrogen storage potential of porous geological materials, laying the groundwork for further research and the development of efficient and sustainable hydrogen storage solutions.
From Scarcity to Abundance: Nature-Based Strategies for Small Communities Experiencing Water Scarcity in West Texas/USA
Authors: Silva Junior Luis Carlos Soares da , Costa David de Andrade , Fedler Clifford B.
Published: February 2024

Water scarcity is one of the global challenges that threatens economic development and imposes constraints on societal growth. In the semi-arid expanse of West Texas, small communities are struggling with both growing populations and decreasing water resources in the regional aquifer. This study compares two nature-based methods that could solve this problem. The first approach uses ponds and wetlands to make natural processes work together to treat the wastewater that the community receives. We applied a novel Pond-in-Pond system, which offers advantages compared to conventional pond system configurations. This system unlocks strategic hydrodynamic advantages by introducing a deeper anaerobic pit surrounded by berms, which then outflows into a larger pond. The second approach consists of an alternative strategy which integrates waste stabilization ponds, a storage basin, and the reuse of wastewater for crop irrigation—a feat that not only treats water but also enriches soil fertility. Both approaches were analyzed in terms of economic potential and pollution control. The land application had a better return on investment and emphasized the importance of innovative solutions for sustainable water management in arid regions, offering economic and community benefits. The application conveys a clear message: where water is scarce, innovation can grow; where problems are big, solutions are available; and where nature’s processes are understood, they can be used.
The Impact of Corporate Characteristics on Climate Governance Disclosure
Authors: Dilling Petra F. A. , Harris Peter , Caykoylu Sinan
Published: February 2024

This study examines the impact of corporate characteristics on climate change governance among 100 of the world’s largest companies, with 1400 observations in the fiscal year 2020. We consider variables such as company location, size, profitability, female board representation, years of reporting using Task Force on Climate-Related Financial Disclosures (TCFD) guidelines, the inclusion of UN Global Compact and Global Reporting Initiative (GRI) information, Dow Jones Sustainability Index (DJSI) membership, MSCI ESG ratings, and the presence of a climate transition plan, a sustainability executive, and a sustainability board committee. Applying a multi-theoretical framework, we employ correlation analysis and univariate and multiple linear regressions to assess the relationships. Our findings reveal positive correlations between climate governance and the presence of a climate transition plan, MSCI ratings, DJSI membership, and the existence of a sustainability executive. Additionally, companies located in developed countries exhibit significantly higher levels of climate change governance. These results hold across various scenarios, offering valuable insights for researchers, academics, business leaders, practitioners, and regulators. With the growing importance of climate change reporting, understanding the key contributing factors for effective climate governance is crucial for organizations seeking to address this critical issue.
Landscape Drivers Influence the Efficiency of Management of Aquatic Invasive Alien Rodents in Western France
Authors: Pays Olivier , Bonnet Manon , Marchand Ewen , Harmange Clément , Bertolino Sandro , Pagano Alain , Picard Damien , Grillo Xavier , Grimault-Frémy Antonin
Published: February 2024

Managing invasive alien species (IAS) is a critical issue for many countries to preserve native biodiversity, ecosystem services and human well-being. In western France, we analyzed data of captures of aquatic invasive alien rodents (AIARs), the coypu and muskrat, by the local permanent control program from 2007 to 2022 across 26 municipalities encompassing 631 km2. We found that control activities removed up to 10.3 AIARs per km2 annually. The number of coypus removed per trapper per year increased by 220%, whereas it decreased by 85% for muskrats. The number of trappers increased from 2007 to 2014, peaking at 70, and then decreased by 50% in 2022. The number of AIARs captured per trapper per year increased with the density of ponds. The number of coypus captured per year decreased with an increasing amount of woodland per municipality, whereas it increased with road density. Finally, other tested landscape variables did not affect the number of AIARs removed per trapper per year. Our results are discussed in the context of control activities implemented against IAS in other countries. We advocate for stakeholders to assess whether control activities against AIARs effectively mitigate the impacts on social-ecological systems in France.
The Return of Coal-Fired Combined Heat and Power Plants: Feasibility and Environmental Assessment in the Case of Conversion to Another Fuel or Modernizing an Exhaust System
Authors: Chicherin Stanislav , Zhuikov Andrey , Kuznetsov Petr
Published: February 2024

Large city-scale coal-fired combined heat and power (CHP) plants are one of the main contributors to greenhouse gas emissions. The motivation is to find a way to decrease the contributions in the most feasible way possible. The importance of this study is that it presents a methodology for comparing scenarios from both environmental and economic points of view. The scenarios aim to enhance the environmental performance of combustion flue gas-treatment units. The scenarios include installing an advanced electrostatic precipitator (ESP), a hybrid system comprising ESP and a bag filter, a combined cyclone and baghouse filter, a hybrid baghouse filter with novel electrostatic tissue, a wet flue gas desulfurization (WFGD) scrubber, a WFGD with (NH4)2SO4 technology, and fuel conversion (incl. biomass). Each of the scenarios is evaluated according to (a) primary energy consumption, (b) capital (CapEx) and operational (OpEx) costs, and (c) the obtained environmental effect (decreasing emissions of particulate matter (PM), CO2, SO2, and NOx). Adopting biomass waste decreases CO2 emissions by 50%. PM from the coal-fired boiler with particle filtration is lower compared to biomass but is two times higher than that from natural gas. Using advanced filters for a CHP plant decreases total emissions and PM by 2100–2800%. The largest effect on air quality is achieved by filtration and WFGD, with emissions decreasing by 43%. Primary energy consumption is maximal in fuel conversion and ESP scenarios. The conversion to limestone-based WFGD or the installation of a hybrid filter separately are the most viable options, totaling EUR 14.2 billion of CapEx. However, combining several technologies is essential to increase the quality of flue gas treatment.
Pollution Characteristics and Health Risks of Polycyclic Aromatic Compounds (PACs) in Soils of a Coking Plant
Authors: Zhou Yousong , Li Yuancheng , Fu Donglei , Zhang Yongqiang , Xiao Kai , Jiang Ke , Luo Jinmu , Shen Guofeng , Liu Wenxin , Tao Shu
Published: February 2024

Coke production is an important source of environmental polycyclic aromatic compounds (PACs), including parent polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) and their derivatives. The focus near coking plants has primarily been on parent-PAH contamination, with less attention given to highly toxic derivatives. In this study, soil samples were collected from both within and outside of a coking plant. The concentrations of parent-PAHs and their derivatives, including methylated-PAHs, oxygenated-PAHs, and nitrated-PAHs, were examined. Spatial interpolation was employed to determine their spatial distribution patterns. Methods for identifying potential sources and conducting incremental lifetime cancer risk analysis were used. This could achieve a comprehensive understanding of the status of PAC pollution and the associated health risks caused by coke production. The concentrations of total PACs inside the plant ranged from 7.4 to 115.8 mg/kg, higher than those outside (in the range of 0.2 to 65.7 mg/kg). The spatial distribution of parent-PAH concentration and their derivatives consistently decreased with increasing distance from the plant. A significant positive correlation (p < 0.05) among parent-PAHs and their derivatives was observed, indicating relatively consistent sources. Based on diagnostic ratios, the potential emission sources of soil PACs could be attributed to coal combustion and vehicle emissions, while principal component analysis–multiple linear regression further indicated that primary emissions and secondary formation jointly influenced the PAC content, accounting for 60.4% and 39.6%, respectively. The exposure risk of soil PACs was dominated by 16 priority control PAHs; the non-priority PAHs’ contribution to the exposure risk was only 6.4%.
Nicotine, Humectants, and Tobacco-Specific Nitrosamines (TSNAs) in IQOS Heated Tobacco Products (HTPs): A Cross-Country Study
Authors: Leigh Noel J. , Page Michelle K. , Robinson Denisha L. , Heldwein Scott D. , O’Connor Richard J. , Goniewicz Maciej L.
Published: February 2024

Heated Tobacco Products (HTPs) purport to reduce exposure to tobacco-related toxicants compared to combustible cigarettes. This cross-sectional study examined the content of nicotine, two humectants (propylene glycol (PG) and vegetable glycerin (VG)), and four tobacco-specific nitrosamines (TSNAs: NNN, NNK, NAT, and NAB) in the tobacco filler of a popular HTP brand (IQOS). Non-menthol and menthol IQOS sticks were purchased from nine countries between 2017 and 2020 and were classified into two versions (“Bold” and “Light”) using Philip Morris’s flavor descriptors. The average nicotine concentration was 4.7 ± 0.5 mg/stick, and the highest nicotine concentration was found in products from Japan (5.1 ± 0.2 mg/stick). VG was the dominant humectant found in all sticks, with an average concentration of (31.5 ± 2.3 mg/stick). NNN, NNK, and NAT were substantially higher in the “Bold” sticks than the “Light” sticks. Significant differences between countries for TSNAs were also observed: the NAT and NAB contents were the highest in the “Light” products from Canada (192.5 ± 24.1 and 22.9 ± 1.0 ng/stick, respectively); the NNK concentration was the highest in the “Bold” products from Poland (64.8 ± 7.9 ng/stick); and the highest NNN concentrations were observed in the “Bold” products from South Africa (488.9 ± 26.7 ng/stick). As NNN and NNK are known human carcinogens, and as humectants like PG and VG can degrade into toxic carbonyl compounds upon heating, monitoring the concentration of these chemicals in HTPs is important for protecting users’ health and ensuring compliance with regulations.
Adsorption and Desorption Behavior and Mechanism of Ruthenium in Nitrite–Nitric Acid System
Authors: Li Cong , Xie Chao , Jiang Tianjiao , Chen Lifeng , Ning Shunyan , Luo Caiwu , Zheng Qi , Wang Ji , Wei Yuezhou
Published: February 2024

Ruthenium is required to separate from high-level liquid waste (HLLW) because Ru is a valuable resource and is negatively influential on the vitrification process of HLLW. However, the separation of Ru is very challenging due to its complicated complexation properties. In this study, the adsorption and desorption characteristics of ruthenium on a synthesized SiPyR-N3 (weak-base anion exchange resin with pyridine functional groups) composite were investigated in nitric acid and nitrite–nitric acid systems, respectively, and the adsorption mechanism was explored. The experimental results showed that SiPyR-N3 has a significantly better adsorption effect on Ru in the nitrite–nitric acid system than in the nitric acid system, with an increase in the adsorption capacity of approximately three times. The maximum adsorption capacity of Ru is 45.6 mg/g in the nitrite–nitric acid system. The SiPyR-N3 possesses good adsorption selectivity (SFRu/other metal ions is around 100) in 0.1 M NO2−–0.1 M HNO3 solution. The adsorption processes of Ru in the two different systems are fitted with the pseudo-second-order kinetic model and Langmuir model for uptake kinetics and adsorption isotherms, respectively. The results obtained from the FT-IR, XPS, and UV absorption spectrometry indicate that NO2− was involved in the adsorption process either as a complexing species with the metal ions or as free NO2− from the solution. A 0.1 M HNO3 + 1 M thiourea mixed solution shows effective desorption performance, and the desorption efficiency can reach 92% at 328 K.
Duration of Zearalenone Exposure Has Implications on Health Parameters of Lactating Cows
Authors: Rivera-Chacon Raul , Hartinger Thomas , Castillo-Lopez Ezequias , Lang Claudia , Penagos-Tabares Felipe , Mühleder Rita , Atif Rana Muhammad , Faas Johannes , Zebeli Qendrim , Ricci Sara
Published: February 2024

There is a limited research focus on evaluating the detrimental effects of prolonged zearalenone (ZEN) intake on dairy cows’ health under controlled conditions. This experiment was conducted to evaluate whether the length of exposure to a ZEN-contaminated total mixed ration (TMR) at a level of 9.45 mg per day can negatively influence animal health parameters, such as milk composition, rumen and fecal fermentation, and the chewing activity of lactating dairy cows. For this experiment, we used 18 lactating Simmental cows that were fed a diet of 60% forage and 40% concentrate (on dry matter basis) for 26 consecutive days. The first 4 days were for adaptation prior to the first sampling day (day 0). The sampling events took place on day 0 (baseline) without ZEN, followed by day 1, day 7, day 14, and day 21 (with toxin). Dry matter intake (DMI) and ruminating chews per minute increased on the third week of ZEN inclusion; meanwhile, ruminating, eating, and drinking times were not affected. Most milk composition variables were also unaffected. Rumen fluid osmolality increased on day 21 and total short-chain fatty acids (SCFA) of ruminal fluid decreased on day 7. Fecal SCFA increased on day 21 and the acetate-to-propionate ratio increased from day 1 onwards, showing the influence of toxin intake. Animal health parameters, like heart rate, respiratory rate, and body temperature, were negatively influenced by ZEN intake, all increasing consistently on days 4 and 6, 9 and 12, and 16 and 18, respectively. The liver enzyme glutamate dehydrogenase decreased in response to ZEN intake on day 7. A total daily ZEN intake at the level of 9.45 mg did not show detrimental effects on DMI. Nevertheless, certain health parameters were negatively affected, including body temperature, respiratory rate, and heart rate, starting from the 7th day of ZEN intake, with additional signs of possible loss of water balance on the last sampling day.
A Review on The Pathogenesis of Cardiovascular Disease of Flaviviridea Viruses Infection
Authors: Yang Tie-Hua , Gao Wen-Cong , Ma Xin , Liu Qian , Pang Pan-Pan , Zheng Yong-Tang , Jia Yinnong , Zheng Chang-Bo
Published: February 2024

Members of the Flaviviridae family, encompassing the Flavivirus and Hepacivirus genera, are implicated in a spectrum of severe human pathologies. These diseases span a diverse spectrum, including hepatitis, vascular shock syndrome, encephalitis, acute flaccid paralysis, and adverse fetal outcomes, such as congenital heart defects and increased mortality rates. Notably, infections by Flaviviridae viruses have been associated with substantial cardiovascular compromise, yet the exploration into the attendant cardiovascular sequelae and underlying mechanisms remains relatively underexplored. This review aims to explore the epidemiology of Flaviviridae virus infections and synthesize their cardiovascular morbidities. Leveraging current research trajectories and our investigative contributions, we aspire to construct a cogent theoretical framework elucidating the pathogenesis of Flaviviridae-induced cardiovascular injury and illuminate prospective therapeutic avenues.
Improving the Antigenicity of SARS-CoV-2 Vaccine Genes by Merging Mutations from Different Variants of Concern
Authors: Herwig Susanne , Adler Julia M. , Vladimirova Daria , Trimpert Jakob , Sehouli Jalid , Cichon Günter
Published: February 2024

During the COVID-19 pandemic, the early emergence of viral variants repeatedly undermined the effects of vaccination. Our aim here is to explore strategies for improving spike vaccine gene antigenicity by merging mutations from different variants of concern (VOCs) in a single vaccine gene. To this end, newly developed recombinant vaccine genes were designed, cloned into adenoviral vectors, and applied to C57BL/6 mice; then, serum-neutralizing antibodies against the wildtype SARS-CoV-2 strains were determined in neutralization assays. The merger of mutations from different variants of concern (alpha, beta, gamma, and delta) in a single recombinant spike-based vaccine gene provided a substantial improvement in neutralizing immunity to all variants of concern, including the omicron strains. To date, only unmodified spike genes of the original SARS-CoV-2 Wuhan strain (B.1) or dominant variants (BA.1, BA.5, and XBB.1.5) have been used as vaccine genes. The employment of unmodified vaccine genes is afflicted by limited cross-protection among variant strains. In contrast, recombinant vaccine genes that combine mutations from different strains in a single gene hold the potential to broaden and improve immune protection and might help to reduce the need for frequent vaccine adaptations in the future.
Identification of Sarcocystis spp. in Slaughtered Sheep from Spain and Evaluation of Bradyzoite Viability after Freezing
Authors: Peris María Paz , Gracia María Jesús , Moreno Bernardino , Juan-Puente Paula , Morales Mariano , Serrano María , Manzano María Dolores , Halaihel Nabil , Badiola Juan , Castillo Juan Antonio
Published: February 2024

Sarcocystis spp. are complex apicomplexan parasites that cause a substantial economic impact on livestock used for meat production. These parasites are present worldwide. Our study aimed to identify Sarcocystis species affecting sheep meat in southern–central Spain and to evaluate the effectiveness of freezing for parasite inactivation. A total of 210 condemned samples of sheep meat were thoroughly assessed grossly and microscopically; the presence of macro- and microcysts was confirmed. The samples were then frozen at −20 °C for various time intervals (24, 48, 72, 96, 120, and 144 h) and compared with untreated samples. Bradyzoites were isolated through pepsin digestion for subsequent molecular analysis and viability assessment, employing trypan blue and double fluorescence staining techniques. Our measurements confirmed the presence of S. tenella, S. gigantea, and S. medusiformis in Spanish domestic sheep. Freezing for 96 to 144 h resulted in a significant reduction in parasite viability, with a robust correlation observed between the two staining methods. Both stains effectively measured the viability of Sarcocystis, thereby promising future advances in meat safety.
History of nursing development in sbhi «Samara regional clinical hospital named after V. D. Seredavin»
Authors:   SBHI «Samara Regional Clinical Hospital named after V. D. Seredavin», Samara, Russia, Smolkova E. I.
Published: February 2024

The team of nurses is educated on the principles of respect for their specialty, the ideals of serving the interests of sick people, and love for their hospital. The contribution of nurses to the history of the development of nursing at the Samara Regional Clinical Hospital named after. V. D. Seredavin is significant.
Competency matrix for nurses. How to use to close gaps in knowledge and skills
Authors:   SBHI «Samara Regional Clinical Hospital named after V. D. Seredavin», Samara, Russia, Kazakova S. A.
Published: February 2024

Senior nurse of the Samara Regional Clinical Hospital named after. V. D. Seredavin shared her experience on how to effectively distribute the workload and formulate a development plan for subordinates using a competency matrix. Use a new tool for professional development of nursing staf f.