bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Analyses of Different Slope Failures along the Road Sections of West Sikkim, India using Rock Mass Classification and Kinematic Analysis Approach
Authors: Biswakarma Prakash , Joshi Varun , Kumar Puniya Mohit , Rafique Md Fariduddin
Published: July 2023

Slope failures along the road sections cause huge problems every year in Sikkim. A slope instability analyses was performed along the road sections in parts of West Sikkim. The study was supported by geotechnical analyses like rock mass rating (RMR) and slope mass rating (SMR). In order to identify different failure types stereographic plotting based kinematic analyses was performed. Out of 33 study sites for the geotechnical analyses, 24 sites were identified as wedge failure and the remaining 9 sites were identified as the planar failure. Highly metamorphosed rocks like quartzite, phyllite and gneiss were the common rocks found in the area, comprising the discontinuities like joints were found up to 4 sets in certain locations. Other tectonic discontinuities include main central thrust (MCT), Tista lineament and other inferred thrust. Several such structural discontinuities and the weak lithology have made the area extremely vulnerable. The RMRbasic values varies from 26-60 in the study area which falls in the good to average category rocks. Adjustment factors were added to the RMRbasic to calculate the SMR values, which ranges between 26-74 and falls in good to bad rock mass description. Based on the different values for the SMR ratings, supportive measures were recommended for the different study locations. These are spot or systematic bolting, spot shotcrete, systematic anchors, systematic shotcrete, toe wall, dental concrete, systematic reinforced shotcrete, re-excavation, deep drainage, etc. and bioengineering treatment.
A Multi-level Resource Circularity Index based in the European Union’s Circular Economy Monitoring Framework
Authors: de Souza Vitor Miranda , Fröhling Magnus , Pigosso Daniela C. A.
Published: July 2023

Purpose

to propose two enhancements for the European Union’s Circular Material Use rate (CMU): inclusion of Preparation for Reuse (PfR) flows and enhanced reproducibility across lower levels of analysis.

Methods

PfR flows are added to the material flow Sankey Diagram. The Local Circularity Rate (LCR) is based in the CMU and is broke down in three waste-related ratios: recovered-to-treated (RCV-to-TRT), treated-to-end-of-life and end-of-life-to-overall-material-use (EoL-to-OMU). LCR, CMU and CMU’, an alternate version of CMU, are computed and compared in the macro-level for EU27 member states and in the meso-level for Germany’s sixteen states. LCR is computed and broke down for regions in Belgium, The Netherlands and Greece. In the micro-level, LCR is computed for a network modelled around a Textile Sorting Centre (TSC) in Amsterdam.

Results

LCR showed closer average results to CMU in comparison to CMU’. Considering RCV-to-TRT and EoL-to-OMU, The Netherlands and Luxembourg are the best performing countries in the EU27. Eight countries performed worse than 0.4 in both ratios. In total, twelve German regions showed negative results, either for CMU or CMU’. Saxony-Anhalt is the most circular region in Germany, while Berlin is the less circular. The Amsterdam textiles’ network features an LCR of 12%, with the TSC contributing to 63% of all textiles recovered.

Conclusion

The revised circular Sankey Diagram comprehensively illustrates the circularity gap. LCR’s three ratios enhances in-depth analysis, allowing better prioritisation of public policies. Limitations remain in data availability and harmonisation across regional and national databases.

Graphic Abstract
Transition process from fossil energy to photovoltaic energy power of ethnic communities belonging to the natural parks in the Colombian Pacific: A diagnostic study
Authors: Nessim Jennifer , Martinez-Deusa Sammy J. , Lopera Wilson , Gross Katherine
Published: July 2023

For an energy transformation project with emerging technologies to be viable and sustainable, it requires community participation, the social appropriation of the knowledge of the technology to be implemented, and the assessment of its social and environmental impact. In this context, this research carried out a diagnostic study on the energy consumption of ethnic communities belonging to National Natural Parks in the Colombian Pacific in order to provide indicators of the potential and relevance of portable photovoltaic solar energy for small-scale energy supply in these communities. For this purpose, four strategic sites in the district of Buenaventura were selected to implement questionnaires to collect technical data on demographic characterization (age, occupation, ethnicity, educational level, residence time), solar exposure, architectural infrastructure, energy sources, use of electrical elements, and energy consumption. The study focused on five sectors of interest: (i) housing, (ii) microenterprises, (iii) schools, (iv) health centers, and (v) boats. Fuelwood and diesel were found to be the main sources of energy in the region; this represents continuous pollution of gases and noise. Electricity is supplied mainly through diesel power generators with a cost per kWh higher by 86% than the average value in the interconnected area. It was identified that the most representative economic activities of these communities are fishing, and other activities associated with tourism; therefore, after diagnosing the use of low-power electrical elements in different types of boats, we propose a portable photovoltaic solar system adjusted to local environmental conditions and the needs of artisanal fishing.
Ökologische Gastfreundschaft
Authors: Soentgen Jens
Published: July 2023

Am Beispiel wildlebender Vögel wird in diesem Beitrag eine oft praktizierte, aber bislang wenig reflektierte Tugend, die ökologische Gastfreundschaft, dargestellt. Gastfreundschaft (hospitalitas) ist aus der Menschenwelt wohlbekannt und besonders in der jüdisch-christlichen Tradition, wenn auch keineswegs nur dort, eine lebendige Institution. Man kann sie, wie hier gezeigt werden soll, auch nichtmenschlichen Wesen gegenüber üben. Der Text versucht, die Konturen der ökologischen Gastfreundschaft herauszuarbeiten und vergleicht sie abschließend mit anderen umweltethischen Tugenden.
Application of soft computing in predicting the compressive strength of self-compacted concrete containing recyclable aggregate
Authors: Albostami Asad S. , Al-Hamd Rwayda Kh. S. , Alzabeebee Saif , Minto Andrew , Keawsawasvong Suraparb
Published: July 2023

Self-compacting concrete (SCC) is a type of concrete known for its environmental benefits and improved workability. In this study, data-driven approaches were used to anticipate the compressive strength (CS) of self-compacting concrete (SCC) containing recycled plastic aggregates (RPA). A database of 400 experimental data sets was used to assess the capabilities of multi-objective genetic algorithm evolutionary polynomial regression (MOGA-EPR) and gene expression programming (GEP). The analysis results indicated that the proposed equations provided more accurate CS predictions than traditional approaches such as the linear regression model (LRM). The proposed equations achieved lower mean absolute error (MAE) and root mean square error (RMSE) values, a mean close to the optimum value (1.0), and a higher coefficient of determination (R2) than the LRM. As such, the proposed approaches can be utilized to obtain more reliable design calculations and better predictions of CS in SCC incorporating RPA.
The Evaluation of Polycentric Climate Governance
Authors: Schoenefeld Jonas J.
Published: July 2023

Polycentric climate governance holds enormous promise, but to unleash its full force, policy evaluation needs a stronger role in it. This book develops Nobel Laureate Elinor Ostrom's important work by offering fresh perspectives from cutting-edge thinking on climate governance and policy evaluation. Driven by theoretical innovation and empirical exploration, this book not only argues for a stronger connection between polycentric climate governance and practices of evaluation, but also demonstrates the key value of doing so with a real-world, empirical test in the polycentric setting of the European Union. This book offers a crucial step to take climate governance to the next level. It will be of interest to advanced students and researchers in climate governance, as well as practitioners who seek to enhance climate action, which is needed to avoid a climate catastrophe and to identify a pathway towards the 1.5° Celsius target in the Paris Agreement.
Authorship and Publishing in the Humanities
Authors: Knöchelmann Marcel
Published: July 2023

What is the point of publishing in the humanities? This Element provides an answer to this question. It builds on a unique set of quantitative and qualitative data to understand why humanities scholars publish. It looks at both basic characteristics such as publication numbers, formats, and perceptions, and differences of national academic settings alongside the influences of the UK's Research Excellence Framework and the German Exzellenzinitiative. The data involve a survey of more than 1,000 humanities scholars and social scientists in the UK and Germany, allowing for a comprehensive comparative study, and a series of qualitative interviews. The resulting critique provides scholars and policy makers with an accessible and critical work about the particularities of authorship and publishing in the humanities. And it gives an account of the problems and struggles of humanities scholars in their pursuit of contributing to discourse, and to be recognised with their intellectual work.
Einstein's General Theory of Relativity
Authors: Dolan Brian P.
Published: July 2023

Einstein's general theory of relativity can be a notoriously difficult subject for students approaching it for the first time, with arcane mathematical concepts such as connection coefficients and tensors adorned with a forest of indices. This book is an elementary introduction to Einstein's theory and the physics of curved space-times that avoids these complications as much as possible. Its first half describes the physics of black holes, gravitational waves and the expanding Universe, without using tensors. Only in the second half are Einstein's field equations derived and used to explain the dynamical evolution of the early Universe and the creation of the first elements. Each chapter concludes with problem sets and technical mathematical details are given in the appendices. This short text is intended for undergraduate physics students who have taken courses in special relativity and advanced mechanics.
An approach for including social impact measures in systems design exploration
Authors: Richards Daniel C. , Stevenson Phillip D. , Mattson Christopher A. , Salmon John L.
Published: July 2023

Engineered products have economic, environmental, and social impacts, which comprise the major dimensions of sustainability. This paper seeks to explore interactions between design parameters when social impacts are incorporated into the concept development phase of the systems design process. Social impact evaluation is increasing in importance similar to what has happened in recent years with environmental impact consideration in the design of engineered products. Concurrently, research into new airship design has increased. Airships have yet to be reintroduced at a large scale or for a range of applications in society. Although airships have the potential for positive environmental and economic impacts, the social impacts are still rarely considered. This paper presents a case study of the hypothetical introduction of airships in the Amazon region of Brazil to help local farmers transport their produce to market. It explores the design space in terms of both engineering parameters and social impacts using a discrete-event simulation to model the system. The social impacts are found to be dependent not only on the social factors and airship design parameters but also on the farmer-airship system, suggesting that socio-technical systems design will benefit from integrated social impact metric analysis.
Relative validity of a non-quantitative 33-item dietary screener with a semi-quantitative food frequency questionnaire among young adults
Authors: Salvesen Lorentz , Wills Andrew K. , Øverby Nina C. , Engeset Dagrun , Medin Anine C.
Published: July 2023

The objective of the study was to assess the concordance and ranking ability of a non-quantitative 33-item dietary screener developed to assess the diet of young adults in Norway, ‘MyFoodMonth 1.1’, compared to a semi-quantitative food frequency questionnaire (FFQ). Data were collected in a cross-sectional dietary survey evaluating the diets of students at the University of Agder, in southern Norway. The students were asked to complete both a dietary screener and an FFQ. Data collection was carried out from September to December 2020. Participants were first-year university students aged ≥18 years familiar with Scandinavian language. Almost half of the eligible sample (n 344) was excluded due to not completing the FFQ, compared to 1⋅7 % not completing the dietary screener, resulting in 172 (66 % female) participants with a median age of 21 years. For most items of the dietary screener (n 27/33, 82 %), all aspects of diet quality and components of the Diet Quality Score showed moderate-to-strong concordance with the FFQ evaluated using Kendall's tau-b analyses (t > 0⋅31), supported by visual inspection of box and whisker plots and descriptive ranking ability in a cross-tabulation. There was little evidence to suggest that concordance was dependent on sex. The concordance and ranking ability of ‘MyFoodMonth 1.1’ is considered satisfactory compared to a semi-quantitative FFQ. This rapid dietary assessment instrument presents a valuable addition to traditional instruments and a possible solution to recruit hard-to-reach parts of the population.
TAXI! Do Mutual Funds Pursue and Exploit Information on Local Companies?
Authors: Cicero David C. , Puckett Andy , Wang Albert Y. , Zhang Shen
Published: July 2023

We use New York City (NYC) taxi data to identify trips between mutual fund offices and local firm headquarters. NYC funds overweight the stocks of local firms they visit via taxi, and firm visits are associated with superior investment performance. Firm visits are elevated prior to earnings announcements, and mutual fund trades that are associated with firm taxi visits predict earnings surprises. The results are generally stronger when fund and firm executives share educational connections. Additional tests support the conclusion that funds’ local bias and investment performance are driven by portfolio managers’ efforts and ability to actively gather material information.
The developmental interplay between the p-factor of psychopathology and the g-factor of intelligence from age 7 through 16 years
Authors: von Stumm Sophie , Malanchini Margherita , Fisher Helen L.
Published: July 2023

Intelligence and mental health are the core pillars of individual adaptation, growth, and opportunity. Here, we charted across childhood and adolescence the developmental interplay between the p-factor of psychopathology, which captures the experience of symptoms across the spectrum of psychiatric disorders, and the g-factor of general intelligence that describes the ability to think, reason, and learn.

Our preregistered analyses included 7,433 twin pairs from the Twins Early Development Study (TEDS), who were born 1994 to 1996 in England and Wales. At the ages 7, 9, 12, and 16 years, the twins completed two to four intelligence tests, and multi-informant measures (i.e., self-, parent- and teacher-rated) of psychopathology were collected.

Independent of their cross-sectional correlations, p- and g-factors were linked by consistent, bidirectional, and negative cross-lagged paths across childhood and adolescence (from −.07 to −.13 with 95% CIs from −.03 to −.15). The cross-lagged paths from intelligence to psychopathology were largely due to genetic influences, but the paths from psychopathology to intelligence were driven by environmental factors, and increasingly so with age.

Our findings suggest that intelligence and psychopathology are developmentally intertwined due to fluctuating etiological processes. Understanding the interplay of g- and p-factors is key for improving children’s developmental outcomes.
The codegree Turán density of tight cycles minus one edge
Authors: Piga Simón , Sales Marcelo , Schülke Bjarne
Published: July 2023

Given
$\alpha \gt 0$
and an integer
$\ell \geq 5$
, we prove that every sufficiently large
$3$
-uniform hypergraph
$H$
on
$n$
vertices in which every two vertices are contained in at least
$\alpha n$
edges contains a copy of
$C_\ell ^{-}$
, a tight cycle on
$\ell$
vertices minus one edge. This improves a previous result by Balogh, Clemen, and Lidický.
An Interleaving Semantics of the Timed Concurrent Language for Argumentation to Model Debates and Dialogue Games
Authors: BISTARELLI STEFANO , TATICCHI CARLO , MEO MARIA CHIARA
Published: July 2023

Time is a crucial factor in modelling dynamic behaviours of intelligent agents: activities have a determined temporal duration in a real-world environment, and previous actions influence agents’ behaviour. In this paper, we propose a language for modelling concurrent interaction between agents that also allows the specification of temporal intervals in which particular actions occur. Such a language exploits a timed version of Abstract Argumentation Frameworks to realise a shared memory used by the agents to communicate and reason on the acceptability of their beliefs with respect to a given time interval. An interleaving model on a single processor is used for basic computation steps, with maximum parallelism for time elapsing. Following this approach, only one of the enabled agents is executed at each moment. To demonstrate the capabilities of the language, we also show how it can be used to model interactions such as debates and dialogue games taking place between intelligent agents. Lastly, we present an implementation of the language that can be accessed via a web interface.
North Atlantic Ocean Circulation and Related Exchange of Heat and Salt Between Water Masses
Authors: Berglund Sara , Döös Kristofer , Groeskamp Sjoerd , McDougall Trevor
Published: July 2023

The meridional transport of mass, heat, and salt in the North Atlantic Ocean is often described for separate regions and parts, but rarely are all components of the circulation followed at once. Lagrangian trajectories have here been used to divide the North Atlantic Ocean circulation into four different pathways. In the boundary between the Subpolar and Subtropical Gyres, we show that the northward flowing waters exchange heat and salt with the water originating from the subpolar regions. This subsurface water mass exchange takes place in the first 1,000 m and is a key piece of the puzzle of how the Atlantic Meridional Overturning Circulation transports heat and salt. Between 30° and 60°N the northward flowing water loses 8.8 Gg/s salt to the Subpolar Gyre and an equivalent loss of only 1.7 Gg/s to the atmosphere due to the net fresh water influx.
Can Oxygen Utilization Rate Be Used to Track the Long‐Term Changes of Aerobic Respiration in the Mesopelagic Atlantic Ocean?
Authors: Guo Haichao , Kriest Iris , Oschlies Andreas , Koeve Wolfgang
Published: July 2023

Quantifying changes in oceanic aerobic respiration is essential for understanding marine deoxygenation. Here we use an Earth system model to investigate if and to what extent oxygen utilization rate (OUR) can be used to track the temporal change of true respiration (Rtrue). Rtrue results from the degradation of particulate and dissolved organic matter in the model ocean, acting as ground truth to evaluate the accuracy of OUR. Results show that in thermocline and intermediate waters of the North Atlantic Subtropical Gyre (200–1,000 m), vertically integrated OUR and Rtrue both decrease by 0.2 molO2/m2/yr from 1850 to 2100 under global warming. However, in the mesopelagic Tropical South Atlantic, integrated OUR increases by 0.2 molO2/m2/yr, while the Rtrue integral decreases by 0.3 molO2/m2/yr. A possible reason for the diverging OUR and Rtrue is ocean mixing, which affects water mass composition and maps remote respiration changes to the study region.
Horizontal Resolution Sensitivity of the Simple Convection‐Permitting E3SM Atmosphere Model in a Doubly‐Periodic Configuration
Authors: Bogenschutz P. A. , Eldred C. , Caldwell P. M.
Published: July 2023

We develop a doubly periodic version of the Simple Convection‐Permitting E3SM Atmosphere Model (SCREAM) to provide an efficient configuration for this global convection permitting model (GCPM), akin to a single column model often found in conventional general circulation models. The design details are explained, in addition to the extensive case library associated with the doubly periodic SCREAM (DP‐SCREAM) configuration. We demonstrate that doubly periodic cloud resolving models are useful tools to explore the horizontal resolution sensitivity of GCPMs, in addition to replicating biases seen in the global models. Using DP‐SCREAM, we show that SCREAM exhibits behaviors of a scale aware model as it is able to naturally partition between sub‐grid scale (SGS) and resolved vertical transport across the gray zone of turbulence. We show that SCREAM is reasonably scale insensitive when run at resolutions from 1 to 5 km, but can exhibit sensitivity, particularly for the shallow convective regime, when run at resolutions approaching that of large eddy simulations. We conclude that SGS parameterization improvements are likely needed to reduce this scale sensitivity.
Developing Tailored Data Combination Strategies to Optimize the SuperCam Classification of Carbonate Phases on Mars
Authors: Veneranda M. , Manrique J. A. , Lopez‐Reyes G. , Julve‐Gonzalez S. , Rull F. , Alvarez Llamas C. , Delgado Pérez T. , Gibbons E. , Clavé E. , Cloutis E. , Huidobro J. , Castro K. , Madariaga J. M. , Randazzo N. , Brown A. , Willis P. , Maurice S. , Wiens R. C.
Published: July 2023

The SuperCam instrument onboard the Mars 2020 Perseverance rover investigates Martian geological targets by a combination of multiple spectroscopic techniques. As Raman, Visible‐Infrared Spectroscopy, and Laser‐Induced Breakdown Spectroscopy (LIBS) spectra deliver complementary information about the interrogated sample, the multivariate analysis of combined spectroscopic data sets is here proposed as a tool to optimize the SuperCam capability to discriminate mineral phases on Mars. For this purpose, the laboratory study of carbonate phases within the Ca‐Mg‐Fe ternary system were selected as representative case of study. After the characterization of model samples, the discrimination capability of mono analytical Raman, VISIR, and LIBS data sets was evaluated by applying a chemometric approach based on the combination of principal component analysis (for sample clustering) and Linear Discriminant Analysis (for mineral classification). Afterward, the low‐level combination (LL) of Raman, VISIR, and LIBS data was achieved by concatenating their spectra into a single data matrix. The mineral classification achieved by LL data sets outperformed the mono analytical ones, thus proving the complementarity between molecular and elemental spectroscopic techniques. Mineral classification was further improved by using a mid‐level data combination strategy. After evaluating benefits and limitations afforded by the proposed combination strategies, future developments are finally outlined. As such, the final objective of this research line is to develop a classification model based on data combination to optimize the capability of SuperCam in discriminating relevant minerals on Mars, this being a key requirement for the selection of the optimal targets to be cached for the future Mars Sample Return Mission.
Substantially Enhanced Landscape Carbon Sink Due To Reduced Terrestrial‐Aquatic Carbon Transfer Through Soil Conservation in the Chinese Loess Plateau
Authors: Ran Lishan , Fang Nufang , Wang Xuhui , Piao Shilong , Chan Chun Ngai , Li Siliang , Zeng Yi , Shi Zhihua , Tian Mingyang , Xu Yi‐jun , Qi Junyu , Liu Boyi
Published: July 2023

Soil conservation is of global importance, as accelerated soil erosion by human activity is a primary threat to ecosystem viability. However, the significance and role of soil conservation in reshaping landscape carbon (C) accounting has not been comprehensively integrated in the terrestrial C sink. Here, we present the first integrated assessment of the modified terrestrial C sink and aquatic C transport due to soil conservation for the semiarid Chinese Loess Plateau (CLP), the world's most vulnerable region to soil erosion. We show a surprisingly low terrestrial‐aquatic C transfer that offset the terrestrial net ecosystem productivity by only 7.5%, which we attribute to the effective implementation of soil conservation practices. Despite the highest soil erosion, the semiarid CLP acts as effective C sink at 43.2 ± 22.6 g C m−2 year−1, which is comparable to temperate forest in absorbing atmospheric CO2. Moreover, C burial in reservoirs has created an additional anthropogenic C sink of 2.9 ± 1.1 g C m−2 year−1. Our findings indicate that effective soil conservation can significantly increase landscape C sequestration capacity. The co‐benefits of soil conservation in erosion control and C sequestration have important implications for policy makers in other regions undergoing increasing erosion intensity to pursue environmental sustainability.
The Energetic 2022 Seismic Unrest Related to Magma Intrusion at the North Mid‐Atlantic Ridge
Authors: Cesca S. , Metz M. , Büyükakpınar P. , Dahm T.
Published: July 2023

A seismic swarm affected the 53.3°–54.3° Latitude North section of the Mid‐Atlantic Ridge from 26 September to 10 December 2022. We rely on regional, teleseismic and array data to relocate 61 hypocenters and derive 77 moment tensors. The 2022 swarm released a cumulative moment equivalent to Mw 6.3. Seismicity was shallow (7 ± 3 km depth). Most earthquakes are located along the ridge axis with typical, NS oriented normal faulting mechanisms, but a few among the largest and latest earthquakes have unusual thrust mechanisms and locations as far as ∼25 km from the ridge. We attribute the swarm to a shallow magmatic intrusion, with a vertical dike first propagating ∼60 km along axis, accompanied by shallow normal faulting, and then thickening and triggering thrust earthquakes off the ridge, in response to compressive stress buildup. The unrest provides a rare example of an energetic, magmatic driven swarm episode at the mid‐ocean ridge.
Diapycnal Mixing Induced by Rough Small‐Scale Bathymetry
Authors: Muchowski J. , Arneborg L. , Umlauf L. , Holtermann P. , Eisbrenner E. , Humborg C. , Jakobsson M. , Stranne C.
Published: July 2023

Diapycnal mixing impacts vertical transport rates of salt, heat, and other dissolved substances, essential for the overturning circulation and ecosystem functioning in marine systems. While most studies have focused on mixing induced by individual obstacles in tidal flows, we investigate the net effect of non‐tidal flow over multiple small‐scale (<1 km) bathymetric features penetrating a strongly‐stratified density interface in a coastal region. We combine high‐resolution broadband acoustic observations of turbulence microstructure with traditional shear microstructure profiling, to resolve the variability and intermittency of stratified turbulence related to the rough bathymetry. Scale analysis and acoustic imaging suggest that underlying mixing mechanisms are related to topographic wake eddies and breaking internal waves. Depth averaged dissipation rates (1.1 × 10−7 Wkg−1) and turbulent vertical diffusivities (7 × 10−4 m2s−1) in the halocline exceed reference values by two orders of magnitude. Our study emphasizes the importance of rough small‐scale bathymetric features for the vertical transport of salt in coastal areas.
The Music of Rivers: The Mathematics of Waves Reveals Global Structure and Drivers of Streamflow Regime
Authors: Brown Brian C. , Fullerton Aimee H. , Kopp Darin , Tromboni Flavia , Shogren Arial J. , Webb J. Angus , Ruffing Claire , Heaton Matthew , Kuglerová Lenka , Allen Daniel C. , McGill Lillian , Zarnetske Jay P. , Whiles Matt R. , Jones Jeremy B. , Abbott Benjamin W.
Published: July 2023

River flows change on timescales ranging from minutes to millennia. These vibrations in flow are tuned by diverse factors globally, for example, by dams suppressing multi‐day variability or vegetation attenuating flood peaks in some ecosystems. The relative importance of the physical, biological, and human factors influencing flow is an active area of research, as is the related question of finding a common language for describing overall flow regime. Here, we addressed both topics using a daily river discharge data set for over 3,000 stations across the globe from 1988 to 2016. We first studied similarities between common flow regime quantification methods, including traditional flow metrics, wavelets, and Fourier analysis. Across all these methods, the flow data showed low‐dimensional structure (i.e., simple and consistent patterns), suggesting that fundamental mechanisms are constraining flow regime. One such pattern was that day‐to‐day variability was negatively correlated with year‐to‐year variability. Additionally, the low‐dimensional structure in river flow data correlated closely with only a small number of catchment characteristics, including catchment area, precipitation, and temperature—but notably not biome, dam surface area, or number of dams. We discuss these findings in a framework intended to be accessible to the many communities engaged in river research and management, while stressing the importance of letting structure in data guide both mechanistic inference and interdisciplinary discussion.
Enhancing Mixing During Groundwater Remediation via Engineered Injection‐Extraction: The Issue of Connectivity
Authors: Bertran O. , Fernàndez‐Garcia D. , Sole‐Mari G. , Rodríguez‐Escales P.
Published: July 2023

In the context of in situ groundwater remediation, mixing is vital for a successful outcome. A slow mixing rate between the contaminated groundwater and the injected treatment solution can severely weaken the effective degradation rate. Engineered Injection‐Extraction (EIE) has been proposed as a means to accelerate dilution within the porous medium. However, existing studies on the subject have not considered the potential impact of connectivity and preferential flow‐paths. Neglecting connectivity can lead to an overestimation of EIE's capabilities, since the fluid may in reality be carried mainly through a few high‐permeability channels, thus hampering mixing and reaction. Due to the fact that channeling can be found in many actual sites, in this work we aim to evaluate EIE methods in both poorly connected (represented as Multigaussian fields) and well‐connected fields (represented as non‐Multigaussians). The approach is to identify, for each given medium, a stirring protocol—defined by a specific combination of rotation angle and rotation rate—which maximizes mixing. To that end, metrics are proposed in order to (a) quantify both the mixing and the containment of the treatment solution within a given remediation volume, and (b) characterize the particle trajectories to explicitly evaluate if preferential paths are broken. The results obtained from these metrics are quite similar for both types of fields, proving that the enhancing of mixing by means of EIE is effective regardless of the presence of preferential flow paths. This study demonstrates that EIE via rotating dipoles diminishes the remediation outcome uncertainty induced by medium heterogeneity.
The ribosomal protein S6 kinase alpha-1 (RPS6KA1) induces resistance to venetoclax/azacitidine in acute myeloid leukemia
Authors: Weidenauer Katharina , Schmidt Christina , Rohde Christian , Pauli Cornelius , Blank Maximilian F. , Heid Daniel , Waclawiczek Alexander , Corbacioglu Anika , Göllner Stefanie , Lotze Michelle , Vierbaum Lisa , Renders Simon , Krijgsveld Jeroen , Raffel Simon , Sauer Tim , Trumpp Andreas , Pabst Caroline , Müller-Tidow Carsten , Janssen Maike
Published: July 2023

Venetoclax/azacitidine combination therapy is effective in acute myeloid leukemia (AML) and tolerable for older, multimorbid patients. Despite promising response rates, many patients do not achieve sustained remission or are upfront refractory. Identification of resistance mechanisms and additional therapeutic targets represent unmet clinical needs. By using a genome-wide CRISPR/Cas9 library screen targeting 18,053 protein- coding genes in a human AML cell line, various genes conferring resistance to combined venetoclax/azacitidine treatment were identified. The ribosomal protein S6 kinase A1 (RPS6KA1) was among the most significantly depleted sgRNA-genes in venetoclax/azacitidine- treated AML cells. Addition of the RPS6KA1 inhibitor BI-D1870 to venetoclax/azacitidine decreased proliferation and colony forming potential compared to venetoclax/azacitidine alone. Furthermore, BI-D1870 was able to completely restore the sensitivity of OCI-AML2 cells with acquired resistance to venetoclax/azacitidine. Analysis of cell surface markers revealed that RPS6KA1 inhibition efficiently targeted monocytic blast subclones as a potential source of relapse upon venetoclax/azacitidine treatment. Taken together, our results suggest RPS6KA1 as mediator of resistance towards venetoclax/azacitidine and additional RPS6KA1 inhibition as strategy to prevent or overcome resistance.
Pyruvate transamination and NAD biosynthesis enable proliferation of succinate dehydrogenase-deficient cells by supporting aerobic glycolysis
Authors: Ricci Luisa , Stanley Federico Uchenna , Eberhart Tanja , Mainini Francesco , Sumpton David , Cardaci Simone
Published: July 2023

Succinate dehydrogenase (SDH) is the mitochondrial enzyme converting succinate to fumarate in the tricarboxylic acid (TCA) cycle. SDH acts as a tumor suppressor with germline loss-of-function mutations in its encoding genes predisposing to aggressive familial neuroendocrine and renal cancer syndromes. Lack of SDH activity disrupts the TCA cycle, imposes Warburg-like bioenergetic features, and commits cells to rely on pyruvate carboxylation for anabolic needs. However, the spectrum of metabolic adaptations enabling SDH-deficient tumors to cope with a dysfunctional TCA cycle remains largely unresolved. By using previously characterized Sdhb-deleted kidney mouse cells, here we found that SDH deficiency commits cells to rely on mitochondrial glutamate-pyruvate transaminase (GPT2) activity for proliferation. We showed that GPT2-dependent alanine biosynthesis is crucial to sustain reductive carboxylation of glutamine, thereby circumventing the TCA cycle truncation determined by SDH loss. By driving the reductive TCA cycle anaplerosis, GPT2 activity fuels a metabolic circuit maintaining a favorable intracellular NAD+ pool to enable glycolysis, thus meeting the energetic demands of SDH-deficient cells. As a metabolic syllogism, SDH deficiency confers sensitivity to NAD+ depletion achieved by pharmacological inhibition of nicotinamide phosphoribosyltransferase (NAMPT), the rate-limiting enzyme of the NAD+ salvage pathway. Beyond identifying an epistatic functional relationship between two metabolic genes in the control of SDH-deficient cell fitness, this study disclosed a metabolic strategy to increase the sensitivity of tumors to interventions limiting NAD availability.
Out-of-distribution generalization for learning quantum dynamics
Authors: Caro Matthias C. , Huang Hsin-Yuan , Ezzell Nicholas , Gibbs Joe , Sornborger Andrew T. , Cincio Lukasz , Coles Patrick J. , Holmes Zoë
Published: July 2023

Generalization bounds are a critical tool to assess the training data requirements of Quantum Machine Learning (QML). Recent work has established guarantees for in-distribution generalization of quantum neural networks (QNNs), where training and testing data are drawn from the same data distribution. However, there are currently no results on out-of-distribution generalization in QML, where we require a trained model to perform well even on data drawn from a different distribution to the training distribution. Here, we prove out-of-distribution generalization for the task of learning an unknown unitary. In particular, we show that one can learn the action of a unitary on entangled states having trained only product states. Since product states can be prepared using only single-qubit gates, this advances the prospects of learning quantum dynamics on near term quantum hardware, and further opens up new methods for both the classical and quantum compilation of quantum circuits.
Sub-picosecond collapse of molecular polaritons to pure molecular transition in plasmonic photoswitch-nanoantennas
Authors: Kuttruff Joel , Romanelli Marco , Pedrueza-Villalmanzo Esteban , Allerbeck Jonas , Fregoni Jacopo , Saavedra-Becerril Valeria , Andréasson Joakim , Brida Daniele , Dmitriev Alexandre , Corni Stefano , Maccaferri Nicolò
Published: July 2023

Molecular polaritons are hybrid light-matter states that emerge when a molecular transition strongly interacts with photons in a resonator. At optical frequencies, this interaction unlocks a way to explore and control new chemical phenomena at the nanoscale. Achieving such control at ultrafast timescales, however, is an outstanding challenge, as it requires a deep understanding of the dynamics of the collectively coupled molecular excitation and the light modes. Here, we investigate the dynamics of collective polariton states, realized by coupling molecular photoswitches to optically anisotropic plasmonic nanoantennas. Pump-probe experiments reveal an ultrafast collapse of polaritons to pure molecular transition triggered by femtosecond-pulse excitation at room temperature. Through a synergistic combination of experiments and quantum mechanical modelling, we show that the response of the system is governed by intramolecular dynamics, occurring one order of magnitude faster with respect to the uncoupled excited molecule relaxation to the ground state.
Direct observation of tensile-strain-induced nanoscale magnetic hardening
Authors: Kong Deli , Kovács András , Charilaou Michalis , Zheng Fengshan , Wang Lihua , Han Xiaodong , Dunin-Borkowski Rafal E.
Published: July 2023

Magnetoelasticity is the bond between magnetism and mechanics, but the intricate mechanisms via which magnetic states change due to mechanical strain remain poorly understood. Here, we provide direct nanoscale observations of how tensile strain modifies magnetic domains in a ferromagnetic Ni thin plate using in situ Fresnel defocus imaging, off-axis electron holography and a bimetallic deformation device. We present quantitative measurements of magnetic domain wall structure and its transformations as a function of strain. We observe the formation and dissociation of strain-induced periodic 180° magnetic domain walls perpendicular to the strain axis. The magnetization transformation exhibits stress-determined directional sensitivity and is reversible and tunable through the size of the nanostructure. In this work, we provide direct evidence for expressive and deterministic magnetic hardening in ferromagnetic nanostructures, while our experimental approach allows quantifiable local measurements of strain-induced changes in the magnetic states of nanomaterials.
Multicomponent regulation of actin barbed end assembly by twinfilin, formin and capping protein
Authors: Ulrichs Heidi , Gaska Ignas , Shekhar Shashank
Published: July 2023

Cells control actin assembly by regulating reactions at actin filament barbed ends. Formins accelerate elongation, capping protein (CP) arrests growth and twinfilin promotes depolymerization at barbed ends. How these distinct activities get integrated within a shared cytoplasm is unclear. Using microfluidics-assisted TIRF microscopy, we find that formin, CP and twinfilin can simultaneously bind filament barbed ends. Three‑color, single-molecule experiments reveal that twinfilin cannot bind barbed ends occupied by formin unless CP is present. This trimeric complex is short-lived (~1 s), and results in dissociation of CP by twinfilin, promoting formin-based elongation. Thus, the depolymerase twinfilin acts as a pro-formin pro-polymerization factor when both CP and formin are present. While one twinfilin binding event is sufficient to displace CP from the barbed-end trimeric complex, ~31 twinfilin binding events are required to remove CP from a CP-capped barbed end. Our findings establish a paradigm where polymerases, depolymerases and cappers together tune actin assembly.
Linker histone variant H1.2 is a brake on white adipose tissue browning
Authors: Yuan Yangmian , Fan Yu , Zhou Yihao , Qiu Rong , Kang Wei , Liu Yu , Chen Yuchen , Wang Chenyu , Shi Jiajian , Liu Chengyu , Li Yangkai , Wu Min , Huang Kun , Liu Yong , Zheng Ling
Published: July 2023

Adipose-tissue is a central metabolic organ for whole-body energy homeostasis. Here, we find that highly expressed H1.2, a linker histone variant, senses thermogenic stimuli in beige and brown adipocytes. Adipocyte H1.2 regulates thermogenic genes in inguinal white-adipose-tissue (iWAT) and affects energy expenditure. Adipocyte H1.2 deletion (H1.2AKO) male mice show promoted iWAT browning and improved cold tolerance; while overexpressing H1.2 shows opposite effects. Mechanistically, H1.2 binds to the promoter of Il10rα, which encodes an Il10 receptor, and positively regulates its expression to suppress thermogenesis in a beige cell autonomous manner. Il10rα overexpression in iWAT negates cold-enhanced browning of H1.2AKO male mice. Increased H1.2 level is also found in WAT of obese humans and male mice. H1.2AKO male mice show alleviated fat accumulation and glucose intolerance in long-term normal chow-fed and high fat diet-fed conditions; while Il10rα overexpression abolishes these effects. Here, we show a metabolic function of H1.2-Il10rα axis in iWAT.
Systems consolidation induces multiple memory engrams for a flexible recall strategy in observational fear memory in male mice
Authors: Terranova Joseph I. , Yokose Jun , Osanai Hisayuki , Ogawa Sachie K. , Kitamura Takashi
Published: July 2023

Observers learn to fear the context in which they witnessed a demonstrator’s aversive experience, called observational contextual fear conditioning (CFC). The neural mechanisms governing whether recall of the observational CFC memory occurs from the observer’s own or from the demonstrator’s point of view remain unclear. Here, we show in male mice that recent observational CFC memory is recalled in the observer’s context only, but remote memory is recalled in both observer and demonstrator contexts. Recall of recent memory in the observer’s context requires dorsal hippocampus activity, while recall of remote memory in both contexts requires the medial prefrontal cortex (mPFC)-basolateral amygdala pathway. Although mPFC neurons activated by observational CFC are involved in remote recall in both contexts, distinct mPFC subpopulations regulate remote recall in each context. Our data provide insights into a flexible recall strategy and the functional reorganization of circuits and memory engram cells underlying observational CFC memory.
Skilful nowcasting of extreme precipitation with NowcastNet
Authors: Zhang Yuchen , Long Mingsheng , Chen Kaiyuan , Xing Lanxiang , Jin Ronghua , Jordan Michael I. , Wang Jianmin
Published: July 2023

Extreme precipitation is a considerable contributor to meteorological disasters and there is a great need to mitigate its socioeconomic effects through skilful nowcasting that has high resolution, long lead times and local details1–3. Current methods are subject to blur, dissipation, intensity or location errors, with physics-based numerical methods struggling to capture pivotal chaotic dynamics such as convective initiation4 and data-driven learning methods failing to obey intrinsic physical laws such as advective conservation5. We present NowcastNet, a nonlinear nowcasting model for extreme precipitation that unifies physical-evolution schemes and conditional-learning methods into a neural-network framework with end-to-end forecast error optimization. On the basis of radar observations from the USA and China, our model produces physically plausible precipitation nowcasts with sharp multiscale patterns over regions of 2,048 km × 2,048 km and with lead times of up to 3 h. In a systematic evaluation by 62 professional meteorologists from across China, our model ranks first in 71% of cases against the leading methods. NowcastNet provides skilful forecasts at light-to-heavy rain rates, particularly for extreme-precipitation events accompanied by advective or convective processes that were previously considered intractable.
Engineering cellular communication between light-activated synthetic cells and bacteria
Authors: Smith Jefferson M. , Hartmann Denis , Booth Michael J.
Published: July 2023

Gene-expressing compartments assembled from simple, modular parts, are a versatile platform for creating minimal synthetic cells with life-like functions. By incorporating gene regulatory motifs into their encapsulated DNA templates, in situ gene expression and, thereby, synthetic cell function can be controlled according to specific stimuli. In this work, cell-free protein synthesis within synthetic cells was controlled using light by encoding genes of interest on light-activated DNA templates. Light-activated DNA contained a photocleavable blockade within the T7 promoter region that tightly repressed transcription until the blocking groups were removed with ultraviolet light. In this way, synthetic cells were activated remotely, in a spatiotemporally controlled manner. By applying this strategy to the expression of an acyl homoserine lactone synthase, BjaI, quorum-sensing-based communication between synthetic cells and bacteria was controlled with light. This work provides a framework for the remote-controlled production and delivery of small molecules from nonliving matter to living matter, with applications in biology and medicine.
Attitudes of potential recipients toward emerging visual prosthesis technologies
Authors: Karadima Vicky , Pezaris Elizabeth A. , Pezaris John S.
Published: July 2023

With the advent of multiple visual prosthesis devices to treat blindness, the question of how potential patients view such interventions becomes important in order to understand the levels of expectation and acceptance, and the perceived risk-reward balance across the different device approaches. Building on previous work on single device approaches done with blind individuals in Chicago and Detroit, USA, Melbourne, Australia, and Bejing, China, we investigated attitudes in blind individuals in Athens, Greece with coverage expanded to three of the contemporary approaches, Retinal, Thalamic, and Cortical. We presented an informational lecture on the approaches, had potential participants fill out a preliminary Questionnaire 1, then organized selected subjects into focus groups for guided discussion on visual prostheses, and finally had these subjects fill out a more detailed Questionnaire 2. We report here the first quantitative data that compares multiple prosthesis approaches. Our primary findings are that for these potential patients, perceived risk continues to outweigh perceived benefits, with the Retinal approach having the least negative overall impression and the Cortical approach the most negative. Concerns about the quality of restored vision were primary. Factors that drove the choice of hypothetical participation in a clinical trial were age and years of blindness. Secondary factors focused on positive clinical outcomes. The focus groups served to swing the impressions of each approach from neutrality toward the extremes of a Likert scale, and shifted the overall willingness to participate in a clinical trial from neutral to negative. These results, coupled with informal assessment of audience questions after the informational lecture, suggest that a substantial improvement in performance over currently available devices will be necessary before visual prostheses gain wide acceptance.