bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Synthesizing a Zest for Life With Social Emotional Learning in the Educational System in Japan
Authors: Mori Lynsey
Published: October 2022

Perpetual educational reform can feel like a battle between current trends of methodology. It must be accepted that there will never be a perfect universal educational curriculum and teachers can only strive for improvement. In the process of reforming education, it has become no longer possible to discuss pedagogy, academic achievement, or the culture and climate of schools without discussing social emotional competencies under the framework of social and emotional learning (SEL). This fad, as it is sometimes perceived, encompasses the process through which individuals attain and apply the knowledge, attitudes, and skills necessary to manage their emotions, understand others’ perspectives and show empathy for others, to set and achieve positive goals, develop, and sustain positive relationships and make responsible decisions. This pedagogical concept has been welcomed in Western countries such as the U.S. and the U.K., but will it find a place in the educational systems in the East in countries such as Japan and in what capacity? This paper reviews SEL practice and attempts to disclose some of the differences in thinking style, cultural prejudice, and gender discrimination that may cause problems initializing this reform in the Japanese higher educational system.
Why Do the Mechanistic Actions of Albumin Not Translate Into Tangible Clinical Benefits?
Authors: Erstad Brian L.
Published: October 2022

Albumin has only reduced crude mortality in one randomized controlled trial conducted to date. This raises the question as to why potentially beneficial oncotic and pleiotropic properties of albumin do not consistently translate into clinically important outcomes. Four postulated explanations are provided as to why the theoretical advantages of albumin are not apparent in clinical trials: diminished oncotic action due to leakage of albumin from the intravascular compartment, modification of the pleiotropic properties of albumin both in vitro and in vivo, the ability of other plasma proteins to take over the major functions of albumin, and possible adverse effects.
Association Between Blood Lipid Levels and Lower Extremity Deep Venous Thrombosis: A Population-Based Cohort Study
Authors: Huang Yiming , Ge Hongwei , Wang Xin , Zhang Xiaoying
Published: October 2022

ObjectsTo investigate the potential clinical significance between blood lipid levels and lower extremity deep venous thrombosis (LEDVT). Methods: This cohort study included 500 participants, contains 246 patients with LEDVT and 254 patients without LEDVT. The characteristics including age, sex, body mass index (BMI), disease course, ill position, smoking history, history of current illness, drug administration were collected. And blood lipid levels and other clinical parameters including triglyceride (TG), total cholesterol (TC), high density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C), low density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C), apolipoprotein A1 (ApoA1), apolipoprotein B (ApoB), activated partial thromboplastin time (APTT), thromboplastin time (TT), prothrombin time (PT), and fibrinogen (FIB), neutrophils (NEUT), platelet (PLT), lymphocyte count (LY) were observed. Univariate and multivariate logistic regression analyses were applied. In the present study we particularly focused on the potential associations between blood lipid levels and LEDVT. Results: The risk of LEDVT in participants with HDL-C levels of 0.965 to 1.14 mmol/L, 1.14 to 1.36 mmol/L, and >1.36 mmol/L were 0.366, 0.183, 0.203 times than in controls (<0.965 mmol/L), respectively. Compared to individuals with ApoA1 <1.06 mmol/L, individuals with ApoA1 levels of 1.06 to 1.22 mmol/L, 1.22 to 1.38 mmol/L, and >1.38 mmol/L were related to a decreased risk of LEDVT. The risk of LEDVT in patients with TG levels of 0.985 to 1.37 mmol/L, 1.37 to 1.91 mmol/L, and >1.91 mmol/L were 2.243, 2.224, and 2.540 times higher than that of those with TG <0.985 mmol/L, respectively. The risk of LEDVT in subjects with 4.57< TC <5.17 mmol/L was 0.471-fold than that of those with TC <3.97 mmol/L. Conclusion: The present study indicates that higher levesl of HDL-C and ApoA1 could be associated with a decreased risk of LEDVT, while higher TG levels might be associated with an increased risk of LEDVT. In addition, within the normal range, high TC levels were associated with decreased risk of LEDVT. These findings may help clinicals to identify early and treat those patients with a high-risk of LEDVT at proper time, which could improve patients’ life quality.
Commentary on Campbell et al.’s “Creating a University Strategic Plan to Address Relationship Violence and Sexual Misconduct”: Sustainability and Replicability Concerns
Authors: Boots Denise Paquette , Gulledge Laura M. , Wareham Jennifer
Published: October 2022

Campbell et al. provided a candid summary of a long-term strategic plan to address relationship violence and sexual misconduct (RVSM) at Michigan State University (MSU). Coming in the aftermath of a national scandal and public outcry regarding MSU's lack of response to RVSM on its campus, the authors describe a coordinated university community response to understanding the prevalence of RVSM on campus, developing policy to respond to RVSM, and reestablishing community and survivor trust. In this commentary, we explore the innovations and sustainability of MSU's strategic plan and its potential replicability at other institutions of higher learning.
An extended Hill’s lemma for non-Cauchy continua based on the modified couple stress and surface elasticity theories
Authors: Gad Ahmad I , Gao Xin-Lin
Published: October 2022

An extended Hill’s lemma is provided for non-Cauchy continua satisfying the modified couple stress theory in the bulk and the surface elasticity theory in the surface layer. Based on the Hill–Mandel condition, four sets of boundary conditions (BCs) are identified. It is shown that each of these four sets of BCs satisfies the admissibility and average field requirements. In addition, the set of kinetic BCs meets the force and moment balance conditions, and the set of modified kinematic BCs satisfies the displacement and micro-rotation compatibility constraint. By applying the newly extended Hill’s lemma, a homogenization analysis of a two-phase composite is performed, in which the average strain energy of the composite is computed using a finite element model constructed using COMSOL. The effective elastic constants obtained in this analysis are found to satisfy the Voigt and Reuss bounds.
The Impact of Extremely Low Electric Rates on Energy Conservation, Planning and Resilience: A Case Study of Plattsburgh, New York
Authors: Gervich Curt D.
Published: October 2022

Electric rates in Plattsburgh, New York are among the least expensive in the United States. Plattsburgh’s rates are set by a preference power program that was enacted in 1957 to promote rural economic development. A survey distributed to customers of Plattsburgh’s municipally-owned electric utility inquired about familiarity with local electric rates and energy systems, conservation behaviors, and attitudes towards policy interventions intended to encourage conservation. Results indicate that energy consumers in Plattsburgh hold a moderate degree of familiarity with the community’s energy system and implement strong conservation actions. Support for policy interventions are mixed. Survey results reveal income inequality, as differences in conservation attitudes and behaviors are apparent among respondents that report varying degrees of financial vulnerability. Today, Plattsburgh is in need of a resilient energy system, yet inexpensive rates discourage investment in infrastructure. This research reveals the complex social, economic and policy forces interacting to determine Plattsburgh’s energy future.
Inhibitory synaptic loss drives network changes in multiple sclerosis: An ex vivo to in silico translational study
Authors: Huiskamp Marijn , Kiljan Svenja , Kulik Shanna , Witte Maarteen E , Jonkman Laura E , GJM Bol John , Schenk Geert J , Hulst Hanneke E , Tewarie Prejaas , Schoonheim Menno M , Geurts Jeroen JG
Published: October 2022

Background:

Synaptic and neuronal loss contribute to network dysfunction and disability in multiple sclerosis (MS). However, it is unknown whether excitatory or inhibitory synapses and neurons are more vulnerable and how their losses impact network functioning.

Objective:

To quantify excitatory and inhibitory synapses and neurons and to investigate how synaptic loss affects network functioning through computational modeling.

Methods:

Using immunofluorescent staining and confocal microscopy, densities of glutamatergic and GABAergic synapses and neurons were compared between post-mortem MS and non-neurological control cases. Then, a corticothalamic biophysical model was employed to study how MS-induced excitatory and inhibitory synaptic loss affect network functioning.

Results:

In layer VI of normal-appearing MS cortex, excitatory and inhibitory synaptic densities were significantly lower than controls (reductions up to 14.9%), but demyelinated cortex showed larger losses of inhibitory synapses (29%). In our computational model, reducing inhibitory synapses impacted the network most, leading to a disinhibitory increase in neuronal activity and connectivity.

Conclusion:

In MS, excitatory and inhibitory synaptic losses were observed, predominantly for inhibitory synapses in demyelinated cortex. Inhibitory synaptic loss affected network functioning most, leading to increased neuronal activity and connectivity. As network disinhibition relates to cognitive impairment, inhibitory synaptic loss seems particularly relevant in MS.
A new threshold for kidney asymmetry improves association with abnormal renal-aortic ratio for diagnosis of renal artery stenosis
Authors: Artyszuk Łukasz , Symonides Bartosz , Gaciong Zbigniew , Cienszkowska Katarzyna , Ludwiczak Marta , Wrzaszczyk Maciej , Szmigielski Cezary A
Published: October 2022

Background:

Renal artery stenosis (RAS) reflects more widespread atherosclerosis deposition and is associated with high morbidity and mortality. According to the guidelines, a discrepancy in the size of the kidneys of over 15 mm found in an ultrasound should initiate the RAS diagnostic algorithm. This study aims to find the optimal threshold for renal asymmetry that better reflects the frequency of a significantly abnormal renal-aortic ratio (RAR), justifying further RAS diagnostic workup, than the currently used cut-off of 15 mm difference in renal diameters.

Methods:

The analysis included 1175 patients (mean age: 52 years, IQR: 38–66, men/women: 597/578) who underwent Doppler ultrasonography screening of renal arteries with recorded kidney size and RAR calculation. Ultrasound features of RAS were defined as a RAR greater than 3.5 or signs of renal artery occlusion. Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves were created and analyzed for absolute differences in kidney size and abnormal RAR. We calculated the area under the curve (AUC) and optimal cut-off values for sensitivity and specificity analysis.

Results:

The final analysis included 169 patients with a significant difference in renal dimension. RAS features were met in 61 patients. According to ROC curve analysis, the optimal index of renal asymmetry was 12 mm. The sensitivity and specificity for this method were 82.0% and 83.3%, respectively, and AUC was 86.3%.

Conclusion:

Changing the definition of a significant difference in kidney size from 15 mm to 12 mm increases sensitivity and specificity for abnormal RAR and this finding may accelerate the diagnosis of RAS.
Association of HIV infection with clinical features and outcomes of patients with aortic aneurysms
Authors: Chehab Omar , Kanj Amjad , Zeitoun Ralph , Mir Tanveer , Shafi Irfan , Pahuja Mohit , Briasoulis Alexandros , Doria de Vasconcellos Henrique , Minhas Anum , Varadarajan Vinithra , Wu Colin , Arbab-Zadeh Armin , Post Wendy S , Wu Katherine C , Lima João AC
Published: October 2022

Data on the characteristics and outcomes of hospitalized patients with aortic aneurysms (AA) and HIV remain scarce. This is a cohort study of hospitalized adult patients with a diagnosis of AA from 2013 to 2019 using the US National Inpatient Readmission Database. Patients with a diagnosis of HIV were identified. Our outcomes included trends in hospitalizations and comparison of clinical characteristics, complications, and mortality in patients with AA and HIV compared to those without HIV. Among 1,905,837 hospitalized patients with AA, 4416 (0.23%) were living with HIV. There was an overall age-adjusted increase in the rate of HIV among patients hospitalized with AA over the years (14–29 per 10,000 person-years; age-adjusted p-trend < 0.001). Patients with AA and HIV were younger than those without HIV (median age: 60 vs 76 years, p < 0.001) and were less likely to have a history of smoking, hypertension, dyslipidemia, diabetes mellitus, and obesity. Thoracic aortic aneurysms were more prevalent in those with HIV (37.5% vs 26.7%, p < 0.001). On multivariable logistic regression, HIV was not associated with increased risk of aortic rupture (OR: 0.79; 95% CI: 0.61–1.01, p = 0.06), acute aortic dissection (OR: 0.73; 95% CI: 0.51–1.06, p = 0.3), readmissions (OR: 1.04; 95% CI: 0.95–1.13, p = 0.4), or aortic repair (OR: 0.89; 95% CI: 0.79–1.00, p = 0.05). Hospitalized patients with AA and HIV had a lower crude mortality rate compared to those without HIV (OR: 0.75 (0.63–0.91), p = 0.003). Hospitalized patients with AA and HIV likely constitute a distinct group of patients with AA; they are younger, have fewer traditional cardiovascular risk factors, and a higher rate of thoracic aorta involvement. Differences in clinical features may account for the lower mortality rate observed in patients with AA and HIV compared to those without HIV.
What do young women want? Using a qualitative survey to explore the potential for feminist-informed mental health peer support
Authors: Moulding Nicole , Jarldorn Michele , Deuter Kate
Published: October 2022

Intersecting gender and other social inequalities are pertinent to women’s mental health across the life course. Gendered violence and other forms of gender inequality in particular play a key role in the higher burden of psychological distress carried by young women. However, the context of gendered violence is often minimised or overlooked entirely when young women seek help or advice around mental health concerns. This is especially the case for young women under the age of 30 years. This paper reports on a research study exploring how young women in Australia understand their mental health, and the scope for new approaches to support that better address their needs. A qualitative survey undertaken with 52 Australian young women was used to explore the nature of their mental health experiences, sought to learn about the strategies they used when experiencing poor mental health and the scope for mental health peer support as an alternative approach to intervention. Responses from a diverse group of young women demonstrated that they understood the role that gendered violence and gender inequality played in their mental health. Findings point to the risk of slippage between young women’s understandings of their lived experience and those of traditional service providers, demonstrating the risks associated with minimising or ignoring of the gendered nature of young women’s mental health problems.
Factors Facilitating Academic–Community Research Partnerships With African American Churches: Recruitment Process for a Community-Based, Cluster Randomized Controlled Trial During the COVID-19 Pandemic
Authors: Tadese Kristene , Jenkins Sarah , Aycock Dawn , Jones Clarence , Hayes Sharonne N. , Burke Lora E. , Cooper Lisa A. , Patten Christi A. , Brewer LaPrincess C.
Published: October 2022

African American (AA) churches are valuable partners in implementing health promotion programming (HPP) to combat health disparities. The study purpose was to evaluate AA church characteristics associated with enrollment into the FAITH! (Fostering African American Improvement in Total Health) Trial, a community-based, cluster randomized controlled trial (RCT) of a mobile health intervention for cardiovascular health promotion among AA churches. Churches located in Minneapolis-St. Paul and Rochester, Minnesota were invited to complete an electronic screening survey and follow-up telephone interview including the PREACH (Predicting Readiness to Engage African American Churches in Health) tool to assess church characteristics and infrastructure for HPP. The primary outcome was church enrollment in the FAITH! Trial. Key predictors included overall PREACH scores and its subscales (Personnel, Physical Structure, Faith-based Approach, Funding), congregation size, and mean congregation member age. Of the 26 churches screened, 16 (61.5%) enrolled in the trial. The enrolled churches had higher overall mean PREACH scores (36.1 vs. 30.2) and subscales for Personnel (8.8 vs. 5.6), Faith-based Approach (11.0 vs. 9.6), and Funding (7.3 vs. 4.8) compared with non-enrolled churches; all differences were not statistically significant due to small sample size. Twelve (75.0%) of the enrolled churches had >75 members versus six (60.0%) of the non-enrolled churches. Twelve (80.0%) of the enrolled churches had an average congregation member age ≤54 years versus six (67.0%) of the non-enrolled churches. AA churches enrolling into a community-based RCT reported greater infrastructure for HPP, larger congregations, and members of younger age. These characteristics may be helpful to consider among researchers partnering with AA churches for HPP studies.
The Use of a SWOT Analysis to Evaluate a COVID-19 Mitigation Project in the Paso del Norte Region
Authors: Hernandez Nora , Gina Núñez-Mchiri Guillermina , Heyman Josiah , Orozco Adriana
Published: October 2022

A SWOT (strengths, weaknesses, opportunities, and threats) analysis is a strategic planning and management technique used for project planning. It is sometimes called situational assessment or situational analysis. We applied this tool (with some adaptations) effectively in a health promotion/public health education intervention project in the Paso del Norte region. This region is composed of a predominantly Hispanic population and is marked by a dynamic flow of residents across the border. In this milieu, COVID-19 has disproportionately impacted communities of color and individuals who are economically and socially marginalized. The University of Texas at El Paso (UTEP) has partnered with the National COVID-19 Resilience Network (NCRN) to mitigate the impact of COVID-19 among farm and food production workers (i.e., farmworkers, dairy, and meat packing workers) in El Paso, Doña Ana, and Moore counties. Intervention strategies include: (1) providing culturally and linguistically appropriate COVID-19 information, (2) disseminating protective equipment, and (3) ensuring access to COVID-19 vaccines. After completing year 1 of the project, we conducted a multiple-level SWOT analysis to evaluate, gather insights, and develop actionable strategies that would allow better service delivery to our priority population. We provide this case study to illustrate how a SWOT analysis can be a useful tool for practitioners engaged in the practice of evaluating health promotion and disease prevention programs. Even when attention and energy is absorbed in the immediate course of action, a SWOT analysis can help to achieve positive and effective collaborations resulting in strong service levels.
Structural design and dynamics optimization for heald frame made by carbon fiber reinforced composites
Authors: Haifei Qiu , Binbin Han , Pengfei Huang , Hongwei Zhang
Published: October 2022

For improving the performance defects of traditional heald frame, the carbon fiber reinforced composites was applied to technical upgrading of the heald frame. On the basis of the theory analysis of composites laminates, the symmetrical ply scheme suitable for manufacturing of the heald frame in overall laminated was constructed, and a type of parametric program for finite element modeling was developed by ANSYS Parametric Design Language (APDL). The optimal mathematical model of the composites heald frame was proposed, and then the thickness parameter ( t) and direction parameters (α, θ) of fiber layer were dynamic optimized by using of Sub-problem method. The work increased the fundamental frequency (ω1) of the heald frame by 10.38%. Besides, the harmonic response frequency was also increased from 48.41 Hz to 53.77 Hz, which conductive to further improve dynamics properties of the composites heald frame. This paper provides technical guidance for innovative design of new heald frame, and is helpful to solve the problem of speed matching between heald frame and high-speed loom.
The Constitution of Knowledge
Authors: Rojas Fabio , Kirchoff Alisha
Published: October 2022

Jonathan Rauch is a senior fellow at the Brookings Institute in the Governance Studies program and the author of eight books and many articles on public policy, culture, and government. He recently sat down with Contexts Co-Editor Fabio Rojas and Production Editor Alisha Kirchoff to discuss his latest book, The Constitution of Knowledge: A Defense of Truth (2021), his past work including a selection of his other books, social change, and what the academy can do to protect liberal democracies and free speech.
White Unity and Prisoner-Officer Alliances
Authors: Friedman Brittany
Published: October 2022

The law enforcement badge is a prized possession for white supremacists. Broader patterns of alliances between law enforcement and civilian white supremacists are endemic to social order in the United States, both in free society and within prisons. Using archival methods on trusty systems in California prisons, I show the development of prisoner-officer alliances that reify the privileges of white power.
How Anti-Asian Racism is Experienced
Authors: Wu Cary
Published: October 2022

Growing attention has been given to the massive spike in anti-Asian hate crimes since the COVID-19 outbreak. But it is also essential to recognize that not all Asians experience the rise of anti-Asian racism to the same degree. Many individual and contextual factors may shape individuals’ subjective experience of anti-Asian racism. Underlying Asians’ differential experiences are the unequal psychological consequences they bear. This essay explores nativity, and co-ethnic concentration, as well as how they interact to affect Asians’ experience of anti-Asian racism.
Gender Inequality in Reproductive Health
Authors: Mann Emily S.
Published: October 2022

This review highlights insights from Rene Almeling’s book, GUYnecology: The Missing Science of Men’s Reproductive Health, regarding the social processes that inform cultural assumptions about the relationships between gender, bodies, health, and reproduction.
How Positive and Negative Childhood Experiences Interact With Resiliency Theory and the General Theory of Crime in Juvenile Probationers
Authors: Mueller Kyle C. , Carey Marcus T.
Published: October 2022

Self-control and resiliency in juveniles are each thought to be relevant to the onset of delinquency and recidivism, and both are related to family environments and other childhood experiences. The general theory of crime is well established within the literature as an explanation for offending at all ages, and resiliency perspectives stress the importance of things like independence and morality to avoiding/desisting from deviance among juveniles. Here, Adverse Childhood Experiences (ACEs) and Positive Childhood Experiences (PCEs) are examined among 3604 juvenile probationers in the contexts of the general theory of crime and the compensatory, protective factor, and challenge models of resiliency theory. Results show that high ACE scores were associated with diminished self-control, and high PCE scores were correlated with better self-control. Policy implications are discussed.
Transaortic Placement of Percutaneous Mechanical Support Device via Partial Sternotomy: Feasible Option for Unsuitable Axillary Artery Access
Authors: Salas de Armas Ismael A. , Shirafkan Ali , Akay Mehmet H. , Patel Jayeshkumar , Patel Manish K. , Marcano Juan , Al Rameni Dina , Zaki John , Gregoric Igor D.
Published: October 2022

Acute decompensated refractory cardiogenic shock is an emergency in which the prompt instauration of mechanical circulatory support improves outcomes. The typical, initial approach for device delivery is via femoral vessels due to easy access and safety. If longer support is needed, the femoral access will severely impair the patient’s mobility and can also limit the amount of support given as the new-generation devices are too large for direct arterial insertion. Upper-body arterial conduits (UBACs) are used for the delivery of larger, percutaneous ventricular assist devices (pVADs). The Impella 5.5 (Abiomed, Danvers, MA, USA) is a pVAD that can be deployed through a UBAC by either axillary/subclavian access or a transaortic approach. The latter approach is typically used in cases of postcardiotomy shock, in which the ascending aorta is already exposed through a full sternotomy. However, in some cases, the axillary artery is not suitable due to size (<6 mm in diameter), and a smaller pVAD is delivered into the heart. To avoid providing suboptimal support, we present an alternative, minimally invasive approach in which the larger device is delivered through the ascending aorta. This article summarizes the details of this approach through a mini upper partial sternotomy and reviews the relevant technical considerations.
Validating Clinical Distal Radioulnar Joint Examination With Radiographic Parameters
Authors: Meaike Jesse D. , Meaike Joshua J. , Amrami Kimberly K. , Kakar Sanjeev
Published: October 2022

Background:

The purpose of this study was to quantify the in vivo displacement of bilateral distal radioulnar joints (DRUJs) in resisted pronosupination. We hypothesize that this will demonstrate no appreciable difference between the left and right DRUJ, thus validating the concept of using the uninjured wrist as a control for physical examination as well as dynamic imaging studies.

Methods:

Thirty-two participants without a history of wrist pathology underwent a dynamic computed tomography (CT) protocol evaluating bilateral forearm rotation in neutral forearm rotation, 60° pronation, and 60° supination, including maximal isometric muscle loading. The DRUJ alignment, specifically the absolute degree and direction of subluxation of the ulna relative to the sigmoid notch, was then assessed using a modification of the radioulnar line method.

Results:

There was no significant difference in the mean displacement when comparing the right and left sides in neutral, pronation, or supination. The mean displacement was also compared between male and female patients, and there was no statistically significant difference in absolute displacement in neutral (male 0.99 mm vs female 1.38 mm) or supination (male −0.57 mm vs female −0.23 mm). However, the difference in pronation was statistically significant (male 2.69 mm vs female 3.26 mm). Of the 192 sequences, the measurements of displacement of the authors were within 1 mm 86% of the time (166 of 192).

Conclusions:

Dynamic CT of bilateral DRUJs in resisted pronation, supination, and neutral demonstrated symmetry between the right and left DRUJ, supporting the concept of using the contralateral side as a control to identify instability in an injured wrist.
Principal–teacher gender (dis)similarity as a moderator in the relationship between paternalistic leadership and organisational citizenship behaviour in the Arab minority in Israel
Authors: Nassir Misaa , Benoliel Pascale
Published: October 2022

Relying on the similarity attraction paradigm and self-categorisation theories, the current study examines how principal–teacher gender (dis)similarity affects the emergence of paternalistic leadership and the influences of such leadership on teachers’ organisational citizenship behaviour in the Arab minority in Israel. Data were collected from a sample of 180 randomly selected teachers and their principals from elementary schools in the Arab education system in Israel (180 dyads). MANCOVA, ANCOVA, hierarchical regression analyses and structural equation modelling were used to test the proposed relationships. The results of the overall model indicated that principal–teacher gender dissimilarity affected the emergence of paternalistic leadership and its influences on teachers’ organisational citizenship behaviour. Specifically, in the case of principal–teacher gender dissimilarity, paternalistic leadership contributed to improving organisational citizenship behaviour. Theoretical and practical implications are discussed.
Liver fat content assessed by conventional B-mode ultrasound and metabolic profile in non-diabetic patients: Implications for clinical practice
Authors: Villani Rosanna , Magnati Grazia Pia , Tuccari Giulia , Sangineto Moris , Romano Antonino Davide , Cassano Tommaso , Serviddio Gaetano
Published: October 2022

Introduction:

Several studies have demonstrated a positive correlation between severe hepatic steatosis and metabolic alterations; however, few studies have addressed the potential association between different grades of steatosis and clinical patterns in a non-diabetic population.

Methods:

We conducted a cross-sectional study of 223 non-diabetic individuals. The severity of steatosis was assessed using B-mode ultrasound. We analyzed lipid and glucose profiles according to the severity of hepatic steatosis. Estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) values were also recorded to investigate the potential impact of steatosis on kidney function.

Results:

Patients with steatosis were found to have higher insulinemia and mean values of fasting plasma glucose compared to patients without steatosis. A significant decrease in high-density lipoprotein level was observed only in patients with severe or moderate steatosis. All grades of steatosis were associated with increased triglyceride levels, which were more significant in severe steatosis. Subgroup analysis by body mass index demonstrated a significant difference between lean patients with steatosis and lean patients without steatosis for triglycerides (p = 0.002) and high-density lipoprotein levels (p = 0.019). Finally, patients diagnosed with steatosis demonstrated a higher prevalence of estimated glomerular filtration rate < 90 ml/min.

Conclusion:

The degree of steatosis diagnosed at ultrasound may predict glucose or lipid metabolism disorders and a decline in kidney function in a non-diabetic population.
Kid Pro Quo: Re-Imagining the Role of Empathy in Ownership and Law
Authors: Linley Cara
Published: October 2022

The law and literature tradition has to date largely focused on texts that directly explore a legal issue or an encounter with a bureaucratic legal institution. Post-apocalyptic texts describing worlds with no central legal institutions have largely been left unexamined even though they often envisage alternate forms and roles for the law. The paper analyses Adrian J. Walker’s The End Of The World Running Club (2014) to explore a possible distribution of resources based on characteristics and actions with which we empathise. Drawing upon Aristotle’s theories of literature, the methods of creation of legal communities in general is considered.
Assessing the effectiveness of a comprehensive menstrual health education program for preadolescent girls with intellectual disability and high support needs in Japan
Authors: Tsuda Satoko , Takada Satoshi
Published: October 2022

The menarche age in girls with intellectual disability and high support needs (HSN) is approximately the same as in girls with typical development. However, there is no clear teaching procedure for menstrual hygiene management (MHM) skills before menarche. This study examined whether a menstrual education program that focuses on visual support affects the MHM skills of girls with intellectual disability/HSN. The study comprised 11 preadolescent girls with intellectual disability/HSN in their pre-menarche age. They were asked to change napkins on a doll three times: before, immediately following, and one month after attending the program. Fifteen MHM items were measured. The participants’ scores were significantly higher after attending the program. There was no significant difference in the mean scores for each of the 15 items among the levels of intellectual disability. The program that utilized visual materials was effective, and the effect was not influenced by age or intellectual level.
The Benefits, Barriers, and Risks of Big-Team Science
Authors: Forscher Patrick S. , Wagenmakers Eric-Jan , Coles Nicholas A. , Silan Miguel Alejandro , Dutra Natália , Basnight-Brown Dana , IJzerman Hans
Published: October 2022

Progress in psychology has been frustrated by challenges concerning replicability, generalizability, strategy selection, inferential reproducibility, and computational reproducibility. Although often discussed separately, these five challenges may share a common cause: insufficient investment of intellectual and nonintellectual resources into the typical psychology study. We suggest that the emerging emphasis on big-team science can help address these challenges by allowing researchers to pool their resources together to increase the amount available for a single study. However, the current incentives, infrastructure, and institutions in academic science have all developed under the assumption that science is conducted by solo principal investigators and their dependent trainees, an assumption that creates barriers to sustainable big-team science. We also anticipate that big-team science carries unique risks, such as the potential for big-team-science organizations to be co-opted by unaccountable leaders, become overly conservative, and make mistakes at a grand scale. Big-team-science organizations must also acquire personnel who are properly compensated and have clear roles. Not doing so raises risks related to mismanagement and a lack of financial sustainability. If researchers can manage its unique barriers and risks, big-team science has the potential to spur great progress in psychology and beyond.
The Kerry Babies, criminology, and Reinhart Koselleck
Authors: Molloy Ciara , O’Donnell Ian
Published: October 2022

The Kerry Babies case was a criminal investigation that followed the discovery of a dead infant on a beach in the southwest of Ireland in April 1984. Charges were laid and dismissed. A tribunal of inquiry into alleged police malpractice followed, and the case returned to the courts 35 years later. This paper takes a multidimensional approach to historical time, drawing on the works of German philosopher Reinhart Koselleck to analyse the case, its legacy, and its implications for criminological theory. A Koselleckian approach – drawing in particular on the role of anachronisms, the mobilisation of memory and the categories of experience and expectation – facilitates a novel perspective on child killing, unmarried motherhood, and policing in 20th-century Ireland.
Evaluation of the safety profile of endoscopic pyloromyotomy by G-POEM: a French multicenter study
Authors: Baret Florian , Jacques Jeremie , Pioche Mathieu , Albouys Jeremie , Vitton Véronique , Vanbiervliet Geoffroy , Debourdeau Antoine , Barthet Marc , Gonzalez Jean-Michel
Published: October 2022

Background:

Gastric per oral endoscopic esophageal myotomy (G-POEM) is a promising procedure to treat refractory gastroparesis. The safety profile of G-POEM is an important topic because gastroparesis is a functional pathology, with a procedure whose effectiveness is between 50 and 65% depending on the studies.

Objectives:

We present this retrospective multicenter study, with the aim of establishing a safety profile, focusing on serious adverse events (AEs).

Design:

This was a multicenter observational cohort study conducted in five French expert centers.

Methods:

All patients who underwent G-POEM for refractory gastroparesis between 2015 and 2021 were included for analysis. AEs were classified into per endoscopic, early postoperative, and late postoperative, up to 1 month. Their severity was assessed using Dindo–Clavien and American Society for Gastrointestinal Endoscopy classification. The primary objective was to evaluate the rate of G-POEM severe AEs. Secondary objectives were to document other postoperative AEs, and to identify predictive factors.

Results:

In all, 217 patients were included: 81 men and 136 women, mean age 52 ± 17 years. The average procedural time was 44 ± 14 min (12–78). The average hospital stay was 3.7 ± 2.3 days. The AEs rate classified as Clavien–Dindo ⩾3 was 0.4% (one delayed bleeding requiring blood transfusion and endoscopic management). There were no deaths or patients admitted to intensive care unit. The rates of mucosotomy and capnoperitoneum were 3.7 and 1.8%, respectively, without clinical consequences. Most patients (81.5%) did not experience any AE. Three cases of dumping syndrome occurred, quickly managed by dietary measures.

Conclusion:

Our study confirms the safety of G-POEM with less than 0.5% of serious AEs, medically managed. This outcome makes this a procedure to have a good benefit–risk ratio.
Habitat use and niche overlap of ground-nesting steppic birds
Authors: Chiatante Gianpasquale
Published: October 2022

Steppic habitats host an extremely high proportion of birds with unfavourable conservation status in Europe, such as larks. This research aims to both investigate habitat-lark relationships and assess the niche overlap among larks in southern Italy during the breeding season. Studied in particular were the Eurasian Skylark ( Alauda arvensis), the Greater Short-toed Lark ( Calandrella brachydactyla), the Calandra Lark ( Melanocorypha calandra), the Crested Lark ( Galerida cristata) and the Woodlark ( Lullula arborea). During the 2012 breeding season, 301 point counts were carried out, and these were randomly placed in the study area according to a stratified sampling design. Resource selection probability functions were used to build two models for each species: (i) a binary logistic regression using the presence units as the dependent variable and (ii) a GLM with Poisson’s error distribution using the abundance of larks in each sampling point as the dependent variable. In the first model, the land cover in the cells of a 100-m-grid superimposed onto the study area was used as a covariate, whereas in the second model, the same covariate was measured, but in a 300-m-buffer around the sampling points. Finally, niche overlap was measured by Hurlbert’s Index with bootstrap resampling. Results showed that the Skylark, Short-toed Lark, Calandra Lark and Crested Lark are tightly associated with both non-irrigated crops and dry grasslands, with these species selecting areas in which both habitats are present in particular. Furthermore, there is a strong niche overlap at macrohabitat level among the species, with the exception of the Woodlark, which is an ecotonal species.
Cutting Down Trees Does not Build Prosperity: On the Continued Decoupling of Amazon Deforestation and Economic Development in 21st Century Brazil
Authors: Norris Darren , Sabadini Carvalho Terciane , Guerrero Angela M. , Sobral Escada Maria Isabel , Alencar Ane , Kimbrough Liz , Butler Rhett A.
Published: October 2022

Background and Aims

We present evidence examining spatial and temporal patterns in forest cover changes and economic indicators in Brazilian Amazonia. Specifically, we tested two predictions embedded in arguments used by influential interest groups: (i) indicators of economic progress should increase where there is less forest and (ii) areas with most recent deforestation should have increased economic indicators.

Methods

Complementary methods assessed annual variation in economic indicators across 794 administrative districts (municipalities) covering 4.9 Mkm2 of the Brazilian Amazon from 2002 to 2019. A representative subset of municipalities was used to compare economic and socioeconomic indicators across municipalities with contrasting forest cover.

Results

Contrasting results between the full and a representative subset of municipalities suggested that municipality-level economic indicators cannot be directly attributed to the loss of natural forests. There was no association between forest loss and economic (average salary) or socioeconomic indicators (existence of sanitation plans and internet connectivity). The economic indicators of municipalities with less than 40% forest cover in 1986 were no different to that of similar municipalities with more than 60% forest cover from 1986 to 2019.

Conclusion

The evidence contradicted both predictions tested. Reducing forest cover does not appear to directly promote socioeconomic progress. Any localized associations between forest cover and poverty most likely result from other more plausible alternatives including lack of opportunity and a widespread failure to effectively implement and enforce existing policies within the local socioeconomic context.

Implications for Conservation

Our findings support evidence from across the tropics that shows deforestation does not necessarily generate transformative and equitable food production systems or lead to poverty alleviation.
Eight Weeks of Pilates Training Improves Respiratory Measures in People With a History of COVID-19: A Preliminary Study
Authors: Bagherzadeh-Rahmani Behnam , Kordi Negin , Haghighi Amir Hossein , Clark Cain C.T. , Brazzi Luca , Marzetti Emanuele , Gentil Paulo
Published: October 2022

Background:

Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) can result in prolonged and severe damage to the lungs and quality of life (QoL). This study was designed to investigate the effects of 8-week Pilates and Aqua-Pilates training on pulmonary function and QoL in patients with COVID-19.

Hypothesis:

Pilates and Aqua-Pilates training promotes similar changes on pulmonary function and QoL in people with a history of COVID-19.

Study Design:

Randomized controlled trial.

Level of Evidence:

Level 3.

Methods:

A total of 45 participants (24 men and 21 women) with a history of COVID-19 were assigned randomly to 3 groups: Pilates training (standard Pilates), Aqua-Pilates training (Pilates in water), and Control. The training protocol was performed for 8 weeks (3 sessions per week). Forced vital capacity (FVC), forced expiratory volume in 1 second (FEV1), and the ratio of FEV1 to the FVC (FEV1/FVC) indices were measured by a spirometer. The 26-item questionnaire World Health Organization Quality of Life (WHOQOL) BREF was used to assess QoL. Data were analyzed using paired-sample t test and analysis of covariance with an alpha level <0.05

Results:

The mean age of the participants was 49.9 ± 6.4 years. After 8 weeks of Pilates and Aqua-Pilates training, there were significant increases in FVC (21.4% for Pilates and 22.1% for Aqua-Pilates, P < 0.05), FEV1 (32.3% for Pilates and 34.7% for Aqua-Pilates, P < 0.05), and FEV1/FVC% (9% for Pilates and 10.3% for Aqua-Pilates, P < 0.05) for the experimental groups, but not for control. Changes for Pilates and Acqua-Pilates were significantly higher than for control. The QoL scores were significantly different within and between the experimental groups, with greater improvements in the Aqua Pilates group than in the Pilates group.

Conclusion:

An 8-week Pilates or Aqua-Pilates training can improve pulmonary function as much as 34%, depending on the parameter, and QoL in people with a history of COVID-19. Aqua-Pilates training appears to be preferable to standard Pilates.

Clinical Relevance:

The findings provide important insights into how healthcare professionals can prescribe exercise for COVID-19 survivors.
Florence “blues” are clothed in triple basic terms
Authors: Del Viva Maria Michela , Mariani Ilaria , Caro Carmen De , Paramei Galina V.
Published: October 2022

Psycholinguistic studies provide evidence that Italian has more than one basic color term (BCT) for “blue”: consensually, blu denotes “dark blue,” while “light-and-medium blue,” with diatopic variation, is termed either azzurro or celeste. For Tuscan speakers (predominantly from Florence), the BLUE area is argued to linguistically differentiate between azzurro “medium blue” and celeste “light blue.” We scrutinized “basicness” of the three terms. Participants ( N = 31; university students/graduates born in Tuscany) named each chip of eight Munsell charts encompassing the BLUE area (5BG-5PB; N = 237) using an unconstrained color-naming method. They then indicated the “best exemplar” (focal color) of blu, azzurro and celeste. We found that frequencies of the three terms and of term derivatives were comparable. Referential meaning of blu, azzurro, and celeste was estimated in CIELAB space as L*a*b*-coordinates of the mean of focal colors and as “modal” categories, that is, dispersion around the mean. The three “blue” terms were distinct on both measures and separated along all three CIELAB dimensions but predominantly along the L*-dimension. Our results provide evidence that Tuscan speakers require all three terms for naming the BLUE area, categorically refined along the lightness dimension. Furthermore, celeste appears to be a third BCT for “blue,” along with commonly considered BCTs azzurro and blu. The “triple blues” as BCTs for Tuscan speakers are in contrast with outcomes of two “blue” basic terms estimated by using the same methodology in two other locations in Italy— azzurro and blu (Verona, Veneto region) or celeste and blu (Alghero, Sardinia).
Witches as glitches: A response to Leszczynski and Elwood
Authors: Mahmoudi Dillon , Sabatino Alicia
Published: October 2022

This commentary critically engages with Leszczynski and Elwood's conception of the glitch, which is put forth as a way to grapple with digitally mediated spatialities that appear to be mistaken. By doing so, they reframe the glitch as a disruptive ‘signal’ of systemic oppression and as productive divergences. We argue for historicizing the glitch/glitch by engaging with feminist marxism, making possible the connection to previous forms of disruption and generative frictions. In response, we apply this approach by connecting the glitch to both witches and the industrial revolution in the home. We suggest epistemological clarity by connecting glitches to the capitalist orientations. We remain positively receptive toward Leszczynski and Elwood's work on the glitch/glitch as a vital endeavor to identify and exploit the spaces of rupture.
Psychedelic use predicts objective knowledge about climate change via increases in nature relatedness
Authors: Sagioglou Christina , Forstmann Matthias
Published: October 2022

Lifetime psychedelic substance use has previously been linked to nature relatedness and pro-environmental behaviour. Yet, participants’ responses to the self-report measures in these studies may have been affected by stereotypical associations or confirmation bias. We therefore re-examined this link by measuring three pro-environmental dependent variables: nature relatedness, concerns about climate change, and objective knowledge about climate change. Additionally assessing lifetime experience with 30 psychoactive substances, we collected an international convenience sample for an online survey ( n = 641), Controlling for age, educational attainment, and covariation in substance use indicators, psychedelic use (primarily the use of psilocybin) predicted objective knowledge about climate change directly, and indirectly via nature relatedness. Further, it predicted concern about climate change indirectly via nature relatedness. The results suggest that the relationship of psychedelics with pro-environmental variables is not due to psychological biases, but manifests in variables as diverse as emotional affinity towards nature as well as knowledge about climate change.