bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Arthritis in children with LRBA deficiency – case report and literature review
Authors: Semo Oz Rotem , S. Tesher Melissa
Published: December 2019

Background

Lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-responsive and beige like anchor (LRBA) deficiency is categorized as a subtype of common variable immune deficiency (CVID). A growing number of case reports and cohorts reveal a broad spectrum of clinical manifestations and variable phenotype expression, including immune dysregulation, enteropathy and recurrent infections. The association between rheumatic disease and CVID generally has been well established, arthritis has been less frequently reported and minimal data regarding its clinical features and characteristic in LRBA deficiency has been published. This case report and literature review evaluates the characteristics and features of arthritis in LRBA deficiency patients.

Case presentation and review results

Herein, we describe a unique case of LRBA deficiency first presented with poly articular arthritis. Alongside the report, a literature review focusing on LRBA deficiency, rheumatic disease and arthritis has been conducted. We reviewed 43 publications. Among these, 7 patients were identified with arthritis. Age of first presentation was six weeks to 3 years. Male to female ratio was 4/3. Two patients were diagnosed with polyarticular Juvenile idiopathic arthritis (JIA) and three with oligoarticular JIA. Each patient was found to have different genomic mutation. The treatment was diverse and included corticosteroids, cyclosporine, methotrexate, adalidumab and abatacept.

Conclusion

Joint involvement is variable in LRBA deficiency, hence it should always be kept in mind as a differential diagnosis for a patient with combination of juvenile arthritis and clinically atypical immune dysregulation and / or immunodeficiency.
Timing of repair and mesh use in traumatic abdominal wall defects: a systematic review and meta-analysis of current literature
Authors: Karhof Steffi , Boot Rianne , Simmermacher Rogier K. J. , van Wessem Karlijn J. P. , Leenen Luke P. H. , Hietbrink Falco
Published: December 2019

Background

Traumatic abdominal wall hernias or defects (TAWDs) after blunt trauma are rare and comprehensive literature on this topic is scarce. Altogether, there is no consensus about optimal methods and timing of repair, resulting in a surgeon’s dilemma. The aim of this study was to analyze current literature, comparing (1) acute versus delayed repair and (2) mesh versus no mesh repair.

Methods

A broad and systematic search was conducted in PubMed, EMBASE, and the Cochrane Library. The selected articles were assessed on methodological quality using a modified version of the CONSORT 2010 Checklist and the Newcastle-Ottawa scale. Primary endpoint was hernia recurrence, diagnosed by clinical examination or CT. Random effects meta-analyses on hernia recurrence rates after acute versus delayed repair, and mesh versus no mesh repair, were conducted separately.

Results

In total, 19 studies were evaluated, of which 6 were used in our analysis. These studies reported a total of 229 patients who developed a TAWD, of whom a little more than half underwent surgical repair. Twenty-three of 172 patients (13%) who had their TAWD surgically repaired developed a recurrence. In these studies, nearly 70% of the patients who developed a recurrence had their TAWD repaired primarily without a mesh augmentation and mostly during the initial hospitalization. Pooled analysis did not show any statistically significant favor for either use of mesh augmentation or the timing of surgical repair.

Conclusion

Although 70% of the recurrences occurred in patients without mesh augmentation, pooled analysis did not show significant differences in either mesh versus no mesh repair, nor acute versus delayed repair for the management of traumatic abdominal wall defects. Therefore, a patient’s condition (e.g., concomitant injuries) should determine the timing of repair, preferably with the use of a mesh augmentation.
Artesunate prevents knee intraarticular adhesion via PRKR-like ER kinase (PERK) signal pathway
Authors: Chen Hui , Tao Jin , Wang Jingcheng , Yan Lianqi
Published: December 2019

Background

Intraarticular scar adhesion refers to a serious complication caused by knee surgery or trauma, leading to various sequelae (e.g., articular cartilage degeneration and knee joint stiffness). Artesunate (ART) has exhibited an effect to suppress fibroblast proliferation, whereas the exact mechanism remains unclear. This study aims to delve into the possible mechanism of ART in suppressing joint adhesion.

Methods

The effect of ART on reduced intraarticular adhesions was ascertained by histological staining and immunohistochemical analysis through vivo experiments. Cell Counting Kit-8 (CCK-8) assay, Western blot analysis, flow cytometry, and tunnel staining were used to detect the effect of ART in promoting fibroblast apoptosis and delve into its possible signaling pathway.

Results

The results of hematoxylin-eosin (HE) staining suggested that the number of fibroblasts decreased with the increase in ART concentration. The results of Masson staining were similar, with the increase in concentration, the collagen content decreased. Immunohistochemical results showed that the expression of endoplasmic reticulum stress (ERS) characteristic proteins 78 kDa glucose-regulated protein 78 (GRP78) and C/EBP homologous protein (CHOP) increased in a concentration-dependent manner. CCK-8 results suggested that ART could inhibit fibroblast viability in a concentration- and time-dependent manner. Results of flow cytometry, tunnel staining, and Western blot suggested the apoptosis of fibroblasts occurred after ART treatment. Cells with caspase inhibitors were treated, and apoptotic proteins cleaved-poly ADP-ribose polymerase (cleaved PARP) and cleaved-caspase 3 were detected; the results showed that the apoptotic effect of ART was reduced. The expressions of ERS-related protein CHOP and apoptosis-related protein Bax were upregulated, while the expression of Bcl-2 was downregulated, and the ratio of Bax/Bcl-2 increased in a concentration-dependent manner. Continuous detection of PRKR-like ER kinase (PERK) pathway-related proteins showed that the expression of p-PERK and phosphorylating eukaryotic initiation factor 2α (p-eIF2α) increased in a time-dependent and concentration-dependent manner. PERK pathway inhibitors could partially inhibit ART-mediated apoptosis through PERK pathway.

Conclusions

ART can promote fibroblast apoptosis through PERK pathway, a classical ERS pathway, and thus prevent fibrosis in the surgical area after joint surgery.
Social ecological factors associated with experiencing violence among urban refugee and displaced adolescent girls and young women in informal settlements in Kampala, Uganda: a cross-sectional study
Authors: Logie Carmen H. , Okumu Moses , Mwima Simon , Hakiza Robert , Irungi Kibathi Peter , Kyambadde Peter , Kironde Emmanuel , Narasimhan Manjulaa
Published: December 2019

Background

Research on violence targeting urban forcibly displaced adolescent girls and young women (AGYW) is limited, particularly regarding polyvictimization (exposure to multiple forms of violence). Yet there is a global trend of refugee urbanization, and urban AGYW are at the nexus of violence disparities among adolescents, forcibly displaced persons, and slum dwellers. This study explored factors associated with young adulthood violence (> 16 years) (YAV) and intimate partner violence (IPV) among forcibly displaced AGYW in Kampala, Uganda.

Methods

We conducted a cross-sectional survey with forcibly displaced AGYW aged 16–24 from five informal settlement (slum) communities across Kampala (Kabalagala, Rubaga, Kansanga, Katwe, Nsambya) using peer network sampling. We assessed YAV (experienced at age 16 or above) (sexual, physical, emotional violence) and recent (past 12-month) IPV (physical, sexual, control violence). We conducted descriptive statistics, followed by multinomial logistic regression analyses to explore social ecological factors (e.g., intrapersonal: depression; interpersonal: sexual relationship power, community: food insecurity) associated with experiencing YAV and YAV polyvictimization, and IPV and IPV polyvictimization.

Results

Over half of participants (n = 333; mean age = 19.31; SD = 2.56, range = 16–24) reported YAV (n = 179; 53.7%) and 9.3% (n = 41) reported YAV polyvictimization. Most participants that were in an intimate relationship in the last 12 months (n = 200; 85.8%) reported IPV, among these, 45.5% reported one form of IPV and 54.5% reported IPV polyvictimization. In adjusted analyses, experiencing any YAV was significantly associated with: adolescent sexual and reproductive health (SRH) stigma; sexual relationship power; mobile app usage; depressive symptoms; childhood abuse; and childhood polyvictimization. In adjusted analyses YAV polyvictimization was associated with: depressive symptoms; childhood polyvictimization; sexual relationship power; and food insecurity. Recent IPV polyvictimization in adjusted analyses was associated with owning/using a mobile phone and depressive symptoms. Participants with higher sexual relationship power had lower odds of recent IPV polyvictimization.

Conclusion

Findings suggest that YAV and IPV polyvictimization require urgent attention among forcibly displaced AGYW in Kampala. Multi-level strategies are required to address intrapersonal e.g. (depression), interpersonal (e.g. childhood abuse, sexual relationship power) and community (e.g. adolescent SRH stigma, food insecurity) factors associated with experiencing violence. Future research can tailor approaches to advance health, agency and human rights among urban forcibly displaced AGYW.
Longitudinal changes in body composition and waist circumference by self-reported levels of physical activity in leisure among adolescents: the Tromsø study, Fit Futures
Authors: Aars Nils Abel , Jacobsen Bjarne K. , Morseth Bente , Emaus Nina , Grimsgaard Sameline
Published: December 2019

Background

It is not clear how physical activity affects body composition in adolescents. Physical activity levels are often reduced during this period, and the relative proportion of body fat mass and lean mass undergo natural changes in growing adolescents. We aimed to examine whether self-reported physical activity in leisure time at baseline or change in activity during follow-up affect changes in four measures of body composition; body mass index (kg/m2), waist circumference, fat mass index (fat mass in kg/m2) and lean mass index (lean mass in kg/m2).

Methods

We used data from the Tromsø Study Fit Futures, which invited all first year students in upper secondary high school in two municipalities in northern Norway in 2010–2011. They were reexamined in 2012–2013. Longitudinal data was available for 292 boys and 354 girls. We used multiple linear regression analyses to assess whether self-reported level of physical activity in leisure time at baseline predicted changes in body composition, and analysis of covariance to assess the effects of change in level of activity during follow-up on change in body composition. All analyses were performed sex-specific, and a p-value of < 0.05 was considered statistically significant.

Results

There were no associations between self-reported leisure time physical activity in the first year of upper secondary high school and changes in any of the considered measure of body composition after 2 years of follow up, with the exception of waist circumference in boys (p = 0.05). In boys, change in fat mass index differed significantly between groups of activity change (p < 0.01), with boys adopting activity or remaining physically active having less increase in fat mass index than the consistently inactive. In girls, change in lean mass index differed significantly between groups of activity change (p = 0.04), with girls adopting physical activity having the highest increase.

Conclusions

Self-reported leisure time physical activity does not predict changes in body composition in adolescents after 2 years of follow up. Change in the level of physical activity is associated with change in fat mass index in boys and lean mass index in girls.
Predictors of clinically important improvements in occupational and quality of life outcomes among mental health service users after completion and follow-up of a lifestyle intervention: multiple regression modelling based on longitudinal data
Authors: Hultqvist Jenny , Lund Kristine , Argentzell Elisabeth , Eklund Mona
Published: December 2019

Background

Balancing Everyday Life (BEL) is a new activity-based lifestyle intervention for mental health service users. An earlier study found BEL to be effective in increasing occupational engagement, occupational balance, activity level, and quality of life scores when compared with a care-as-usual group. However, it is unclear whether care context and socio-demographic, clinical and self-related factors at baseline also influence the results. Thus, the aim of the current study was to explore whether such factors could predict clinically important improvements in occupational and quality of life aspects.

Methods

Participants were interviewed and filled out self-report questionnaires before starting the 16-week intervention (n = 133), upon completion (n = 100), and 6 months following (n = 89). Bi-variate and multi-variate statistical analyses were performed.

Results

Several baseline factors were associated with clinically important improvements, but few predictors were found in the multivariate analyses. Having children was found to be a predictor of improvement in occupational engagement at BEL completion, but reduced the chance of belonging to the group with clinically important improvement in activity level at follow-up. Regarding occupational balance, having a close friend predicted belonging to the group with clinically important improvement in the leisure domain. At BEL completion, other predictors for improvements were female gender for the self-care domain, and self-esteem for the home chores domain. At follow-up, psychosocial functioning and lower education level predicted general balance. None of the factors explored in this study were found to be predictors for improvements in quality of life.

Conclusions

Few of the studied care context, socio-demographic, clinical and self-related factors were found to predict clinically important improvements in occupational engagement, activity level, occupational balance, or QOL. This study, together with previous studies showing positive results, suggests that BEL can be an appropriate intervention in both community and clinical settings, and can support improvement in occupational aspects and QOL for participants with diverse socio-demographic, clinical, and self-related characteristics.

Trial registration

This study is part of a larger research project that is registered at ClinicalTrials.gov. Reg. No. NCT02619318.
The effect of methane and odd-chain fatty acids on 3-hydroxybutyrate (3HB) and 3-hydroxyvalerate (3HV) synthesis by a Methylosinus-dominated mixed culture
Authors: Luangthongkam Pawarisa , Strong Peter James , Syed Mahamud Syarifah Nuraqmar , Evans Paul , Jensen Paul , Tyson Gene , Laycock Bronwyn , Lant Paul Andrew , Pratt Steven
Published: December 2019

A methanotrophic community was enriched in a semi-continuous reactor under non-aseptic conditions with methane and ammonia as carbon and nitrogen source. After a year of operation, Methylosinus sp., accounted for 80% relative abundance of the total sequences identified from potential polyhydroxyalkanoates (PHAs) producers, dominated the methane-fed enrichment. Prior to induction of PHA accumulation, cells harvested from the parent reactor contained low level of PHA at 4.0 ± 0.3 wt%. The cells were later incubated in the absence of ammonia with various combinations of methane, propionic acid, and valeric acid to induce biosynthesis of poly(3-hydroxybutyrate) (PHB) and poly(3-hydroxybutyrate-co-3-hydroxyvalerate) (PHBV). Previous studies reported that methanotrophic utilization of odd-chain fatty acids for the production of PHAs requires reducing power from methane oxidation. However, our findings demonstrated that the PHB-containing methanotrophic enrichment does not require methane availability to generate 3-hydroxybutyrate (3HB) and 3-hydroxyvalerate (3HV)—when odd-chain fatty acids are presented. The enrichment yielded up to 14 wt% PHA with various mole fractions of 3HV monomer depending on the availability of methane and odd-fatty acids. Overall, the addition of valeric acid resulted in a higher PHA content and a higher 3HV fraction. The highest 3HV fraction (up to 65 mol%) was obtained from the methane–valeric acid experiment, which is higher than those previously reported for PHA-producing methanotrophic mixed microbial cultures.
Prevalence of Lawsonia intracellularis in pig herds in different European countries
Authors: Arnold Mirjam , Crienen Annelies , Swam Hanny , von Berg Stephan , Jolie Rika , Nathues Heiko
Published: December 2019

Background

Lawsonia intracellulariscauses large economic losses in the pig industry worldwide. Pigs suffer from reduced daily weight gain, poor feed conversion ratio and increased mortality. The number of affected animals and herds in Europe remains unknown. This study will provide an overview of the prevalence ofLawsonia intracellularisin herds with a history of diarrhoea in different European countries and thereby identify country specific differences.

Results

Out of the 144 herds sampled in Germany, Denmark, Spain, the Netherlands and the United Kingdom, 90.3% (79.2–100.0%) contained at least one positive faecal sample on quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qPCR). Of the 6450 nursery, growing and finishing pigs of the previously mentioned herds, 26.2% (15.9–41.5%) of the animals were tested positive in faecal samples. Enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) results of 60 herds were 91.7% (70–100%) positive. The percentage of positive samples in these 1791 blood samples was 31.6% (20.3–51.0%). Herd prevalence did not differ significantly by qPCR or ELISA. Significant differences between the countries were found regarding: Within-herd prevalence- qPCR: Samples from Denmark were more often positive than samples of Spain or the United Kingdom. Within-herd prevalence- ELISA: Samples from Denmark were more often positive than samples from Spain and the Netherlands. Affected age category- qPCR: Nursery pigs in Denmark were more often positive and shed more genome equivalents than nursery pigs in the other countries. Concentration of detected genome equivalents- qPCR: The concentration of genome equivalents fromLawsonia intracellularisin herds in Denmark was higher compared to all other countries.

Conclusion

A widespread ofLawsonia intracellularisin the six European countries was confirmed, whereby a large part of the positive animals only excreted small amounts of genome equivalents. Country specific differences were found with Denmark in particular diagnosing moreLawsonia intracellularisthen the other countries. Herd data collected in this study needs to be analysed to get more information about possible reasons for the differences found between the countries.
Formation of two-dimensional MoS2 and one-dimensional MoO2 nanowire hybrids
Authors: Yoon Aram , Lee Zonghoon
Published: December 2019

Oxidation of two-dimensional (2D) transition metal dichalcogenides have received great interests because it significantly influences their electrical, optical, and catalytic properties. Monoclinic MoO2 nanowires grow along the zigzag direction of 2D MoS2 via thermal annealing at a high temperature with a low oxygen partial pressure. The hybrids of semiconducting 2D MoS2 and metallic 1D MoO2 nanowires have potential to be applied to various devices such as electrical devices, gas sensors, photodetectors, and catalysts.
New Directions in Black British Art History
Authors: Chambers Eddie
Published: December 2019

This article discusses the changing nature of art history when it comes to black British artists and suggests that such history has perhaps moved away from existing to instead correcting or addressing the systemic absences of such artists from British art. This is typified by Rasheed Araeen’s 1989 exhibition The Other Story, the first major attempt to create a broad black British art history, and several other not dissimilar, exhibitions. The article also considers what changes to the fortunes of a small number of black British artists might be deduced from the awarding of honors by the queen and the extension of membership in the Royal Academy to a handful. The article draws attention to the ways in which major London galleries such as the Institute of Contemporary Arts, the Serpentine, and the Whitechapel have, over the course of the past two decades, hosted the first main-space solo shows of black British artists’ work. With so much having happened to limited numbers of black British artists, this introduction suggests that burgeoning scholarship on these and other artists is timely, and that the articles assembled for this issue of Nka are a reflection of this increased attention. Among its concluding considerations are the ways in which much of this new scholarship emanates from US rather than from British universities. Finally, the article urges a “rescuing from obscurity” of important pioneering texts on black British artists.
Making Waves
Authors: Robles Elizabeth
Published: December 2019

This article proposes a rereading of the timeline of the British Black Arts Movement, and offers early work by the Pakistan-born British artist, writer, and editor Rasheed Araeen as possible starting points for reading the work of a new generation of artists who emerged in the early 1980s. Making Waves draws attention to a work by Araeen, For Oluwale, which commemorated the racist killing by police officers of David Oluwale, a Nigerian vagrant persecuted in Leeds, England, during the mid-1960s, leading to his death in 1969. While proposing a radical new timeline, the article also concedes that “beginnings are notoriously unstable things.”
Illness as Metaphor
Authors: Das Jareh
Published: December 2019

The late British artist Donald Rodney (1961–98) developed a unique vocabulary critiquing wider representations of the black male body that extended beyond his status as a person living with sickle cell disease to the lives of others with a shared racial background. Critical yet full of wit, Rodney was, until his death in 1998 from complications related to sickle cell disease, one of the most compelling artists to come out of the Black Arts Movement of 1980s Britain. From X-rays of his cells to tiny sculptures made from his own skin, Rodney created conceptual self-portraits of his life as a young black man. This article considers illness, art, and activism while reflecting on the effects of living with sickle cell disease and the continued invisibility around this illness, both on the African continent and beyond for the very reasons Rodney’s works highlight. In focusing on the notion of illness as metaphor in art and analyzing the metaphorical tropes of illness present in Rodney’s artworks produced during the late 1980s to early 1990s, the author’s intention is to think through the entangled understandings of illness and masculinity to seek new readings of Rodney’s works. The artist’s deeply moving, conceptual, and critically engaging oeuvre not only confronts the viewer with both the presence and absence of the black male body, but also presents the spectator with the realities of the artist’s daily negotiations living with sickle cell disease. This disease affects people of African, Caribbean, Eastern Mediterranean, Middle Eastern, and Asian descent, and there is still no cure for it. It is a “black” disease that raises polemics of care toward black bodies and the invisibility of sufferers within the wider medical discourse. Rodney’s works form a compelling case for an artist’s dedication to making both him and his works visible while simultaneously acting as a form of resistance against marginalization and oppression on the basis of both race and gender. Rodney’s practice is considered here within wider discourses dealing with a postcolonial reading of pain, aesthetics of illness, and representations of the male body.
John Akomfrah
Authors: Bourland Ian
Published: December 2019

This article considers recent films by the artist John Akomfrah (b. 1957, Ghana). It argues that Vertigo Sea, The Airport, and Purple exemplify a new phase of black British art production. While building on the methods and themes that characterize his time with the Black Audio Film Collective, these projects exemplify ways in which diasporic histories provide crucial insights into the early twenty-first century—notably around questions of national sovereignty, spaces of flow and mobility, and human interventions in shared ecosystems. Ultimately, these films present a way of “doing history,” a form of visual genealogy Akomfrah calls “an essay” that is suited to a landscape in which fixed temporal or spatial narratives are no longer adequate.
Estoñol, a computer-assisted pronunciation training tool for Spanish L1 speakers to improve the pronunciation and perception of Estonian vowels
Authors: Leppik Katrin , Tejedor-García Cristian
Published: December 2019

Over the past few years the number of online language teaching materials for non-native speakers of Estonian has increased. However, they focus mainly on vocabulary and pay little attention to pronunciation. In this study we introduce a computerassisted pronunciation training tool, Estoñol, developed to help native speakers of Spanish to train their perception and production of Estonian vowels. The tool’s training program involves seven vowel contrasts, /i-y/, /u-y/, /ɑ-o/, /ɑ-æ/, /e-æ/, /o-ø/, and /o-ɤ/, which have proven to be difficult for native speakers of Spanish. The training activities include theoretical videos and four training modes (exposure, discrimination, pronunciation, and mixed) in every lesson. The tool is integrated into a pre/post-test design experiment with native speakers of Spanish and Estonian to assess the language learners’ perception and production improvement. It is expected that the tool will have a positive effect on the results, as has been shown in previous studies using similar methodology.

Kokkuvõte. Katrin Leppik ja Cristian Tejedor-García: Estoñol, mobiilirakendus hispaania emakeelega eesti keele õppijatele vokaalide häälduse ja taju treenimiseks. Eesti keele õppimiseks on loodud mitmeid e-kursusi ja mobiilirakendusi, kuid need keskenduvad peamiselt sõnavara ja gram matika õpetamisele ning pööravad väga vähe tähelepanu hääldusele. Eesti keele häälduse omandamise lihtsustamiseks töötati välja mobiilirakendus Estoñol, mis on mõeldud hispaania emakeelega eesti keele õppijatele. Varasemad uurimused on näidanud, et hispaania emakeelega eesti keele õppijatele valmistab raskusi vokaalide /ɑ, y, ø, æ, ɤ/ hääldamine. Mobiilirakenduse sisu on jagatud seitsmeks peatükiks, kus on võimalik harjutada vokaalipaaride /i-y/, /u-y/, /ɑ-o/, /ɑ-æ/, /e-æ/, /o-ø/, /o-ɤ/ tajumist ja hääldamist. Iga peatükk algab teoreetilise videoga, millele järgnevad taju- ja hääldusharjutused. Mobiilirakenduse mõju hindamiseks keeleõppija hääldusele ja tajule plaanitakse läbi viia eksperiment.

Märksõnad: CAPT, eesti keel, hispaania keel, L2, hääldus, taju, vokaalid, Estoñol
Intensiivsus, rõhk ja välde eesti keeles
Authors: Sahkai Heete , Mihkla Meelis
Published: December 2019

Uurimuses vaadeldakse, kas ja millised intensiivsuse parameetrid eristavad eesti keeles (a) lauserõhutut, lauserõhulist ja emfaatilise lauserõhuga sõna, (b) sõnarõhulist ja -rõhutut silpi ning (c) kolme väldet, ning kas võimalikud korrelatsioonid on sõltu matud põhitoonist. Intensiivsuse parameetritest on vaatluse all sõnarõhulise silbi intensiivsuse tase, intensiivsuse ulatus sõnas ja intensiivsuse kontuur rõhulises silbis. Uurimuse tulemusena leiti, et lause tasandi tingimusi ‒ lauserõhutut, lauserõhulist ja emfaatilise lauserõhuga sõna ‒ eristab üksteisest rõhulise silbi intensiivsuse tase, mis on tugevalt seotud rõhulise silbi põhitoonitasemega. Sõna tasandi tingimusi ‒ sõna rõhulist silpi ja välteastmeid ‒ eristavad intensiivsuse parameetrid seevastu on põhitoonist sõltumatumad. Sõnarõhulist silpi eristab rõhutust kõrgem intensiivsuse tase, ning välteastmeid eristavad intensiivsuse ulatus sõnas ja intensiivsusekontuur rõhulises silbis.

Abstract. Heete Sahkai and Meelis Mihkla: Intensity, stress, and quantity in Estonian. The study examines the correlations of overall intensity with a) deaccented, accented and emphatically accented words; b) stressed and unstressed syllables; and c) short, long and overlong word quantities. The study considers three intensity parameters: the intensity level and the intensity contour of the stressed syllable, and the intensity range of the word. The authors ask whether and which of these parameters correlate with the examined categories, and whether the possible correlations are independent of fundamental frequency. The study finds that the phrase level categories – deaccented, accented, and emphatically accented words – are distinguished by the intensity level of the stressed syllable, which correlates strongly with F0. The intensity parameters that correlate with the word level categories are more independent of F0. The stressed syllable is distinguished from the unstressed syllable by a higher intensity level. The three quantity degrees are distinguished by the intensity range of the word and the intensity contour in the stressed syllable.

Keywords: Estonian, word quantity, word stress, phrasal stress, emphasis, acoustic correlates, intensity, fundamental frequency
Sõnaalgulise /h/ hääldus samadel kõnelejatel avalikus ja argisuhtluses
Authors: Teras Pire
Published: December 2019

Selles artiklis käsitletakse sõnaalgulise /h/ hääldamist. Varem tehtud uurimused on osutanud /h/ häälduse olenemisele suhtlusolukorrast: argisuhtluses jääb /h/ tihti hääldamata, aga teksti lugedes ja avalikus suhtluses juhtub seda pigem harva. Lisaks suhtlusolukorrale on leitud muidki /h/ hääldust mõjutavaid tegureid. Tähelepanu ei ole aga pööratud sellele, kuivõrd varieerub /h/ hääldus samal kõnelejal eri suhtlusolukorras. Kaheksa keelejuhi häälduse analüüs näitab, et kõik hääldavad /h/-d rohkem avalikus kui argisuhtluses. Peamiseks /h/ hääldamist mõjutavaks teguriks osutus sõna lauserõhulisus: /h/-d hääldatakse oluliselt sagedamini rõhulistes kui rõhututes sõnades. Rõhuliste sõnade puhul oli keelejuhtide vahel oluline erinevus: kaks keelejuhti hääldas /h/-d teistest oluliselt vähem (enim rõhulistes sõnades pärast pausi ja vokaaliga lõppevat sõna ning harva esinevates sõnades), teised hääldasid /h/-d pea alati avalikus suhtluses ning argisuhtluses enim lausungialgulistes ja -lõpulistes sõnades. Rõhututes sõnades hääldas enamik keelejuhte /h/-d oluliselt rohkem avalikus suhtluses ning argisuhtluses hääldasid kõik kõnelejad /h/-d oluliselt rohkem pärast pausi.

Abstract. Pire Teras: Pronunciation of word-initial /h/ by same speakers in formal and informal speech. In the present paper, the pronunciation of word-initial /h/ is considered. Previous research has pointed to the influence of the communicative situation: in informal speech /h/ is frequently dropped, but while reading texts and in formal speech this rarely happens. In addition, other factors influencing the pronunciation of /h/ have been found. However, no attention has been paid to how the same speaker pronounces the wordinitial /h/ in different communicative situations. This analysis of the pronunciation of eight speakers shows that all of them retained /h/ more often in formal than in informal speech. The main factor influencing the pronunciation of /h/ is accentuation: /h/ is pronounced significantly more often in accented than in deaccented words. In the case of accented words, differences between speakers were found: two speakers dropped /h/ significantly more often (/h/ was more often retained after a pause, after a vowel-final word and in not frequent words), others pronounced it almost always in formal speech and in informal speech they used it more often in utterance initial and final words. In deaccented words, /h/ was significantly more often pronounced in formal speech (except for two speakers) and in informal speech after a pause.

Keywords: phonetics, word-initial /h/, variation, Estonian
CALIBRATION OF SIBERIAN RADIOHELIOGRAPH IMAGES
Authors: Fedotova Anastasiya , Altyntsev Alexander , Kochanov Aleksey , Lesovoi Sergey , Meshalkina Nataliya
Published: December 2019

We discuss the method for automatic calibration of solar radio images derived from the first stage of the multiwave Siberian Radioheliograph (SRH-48). SRH is a 48-element T-shaped radiointerferometer in the 4–8 GHz frequency range. Since the end of 2017, the number of frequencies has been increased to 32. The method is implemented in Python programming language. We give examples of calibration for SRH instrument values in brightness temperature of the quiet and active Sun at several frequencies for four eruptive events: June 19, 2017, July 25, 2016, April 24, 2017, and April 19, 2017. In conclusion, we present spectra for three events, as well as brightness temperature estimates by flux, angular size of filaments, and emission measure.
DIAMAGNETIC PLASMOIDS AS PART OF DIAMAGNETIC STRUCTURES OF THE SLOW SOLAR WIND AND THEIR IMPACT ON EARTH’S MAGNETOSPHERE
Authors: Parhomov Vladimir , Eselevich Viktor , Eselevich Maxim , Dmitriev Aleksey , Vedernikova Tatyana
Published: December 2019

We have shown that diamagnetic structures (DSs), which form the basis of the slow quasi-stationary solar wind (SW), are observed in Earth’s orbit as a sequence of DSs of various scales. The analysis of this phenomenon indicates that diamagnetic plasmoids in SW, whose concept was introduced by Karlsson in 2015, are identical to small-scale DSs. We have found that the impact of a sequence of DSs in the slow SW on Earth’s magnetosphere causes an increase in geomagnetic activity. Isolated DSs generate short-term magnetic disturbances whose duration is approximately equal to the DS duration. Hence, a sequence of DSs can cause sawtooth substorms. We emphasize that the interaction of DS in the slow SW under northward interplanetary magnetic field can be associated with penetration of DS high-density plasma into the magnetosphere.
A Teoria da Autonomia de Hélio Jaguaribe: um teste à luz da Política Externa Independente de Jânio Quadros (1961-1962)
Authors: Bussmann Fábio Santino
Published: December 2019

Esse artigo analisa o poder explicativo da Teoria da Autonomia de Hélio Jaguaribe em relação aos momentos indubitavelmente autônomos da Política Externa Brasileira (PEB). Isso foi feito mediante o estudo de caso, em forma de teste de teoria, da Política Externa Independente (PEI) do governo Jânio Quadros, que é representativa desses momentos. O estudo de caso foi realizado por meio da análise de conteúdo no programa de pesquisa Nvivo. O argumento resultante da análise realizada é o de que a Teoria da Autonomia tem o potencial de explicar de forma mais precisa e estruturada os momentos de autonomia da PEB do que arranjos conceituais usados atualmente no estudo dos referidos momentos da PEB, já que a PEI, de forma representativa, evidencia objetivos referenciados a uma visão estrutural-hierárquica do cenário internacional, no campo político-econômico.Palavras-chave: Teoria da Autonomia, Política Externa Independente, Política Externa Brasileira.ABSTRACT:This article analyzes the explanatory power of Helio Jaguaribe's Theory of Autonomy in relation to the undoubtedly autonomous moments of Brazilian Foreign Policy (BFP). This was done through a case study, in the form of a theory test, of the Independent Foreign Policy (IFP) of the Jânio Quadros government, which is representative of these moments. The case study was conducted through content analysis in the Nvivo research program. The argument resulting from the analysis is that the Autonomy Theory has the potential to explain in a more precise and structured way the moments of autonomy of the BFP than the conceptual arrangements currently used in the study of the referred moments of the BFP, since the IFP, in a representative way, shows objectives referenced to a structural-hierarchical vision of the international scenario, in the political-economic field.Keywords: Autonomy Theory, Independent Foreign Policy, Brazilian Foreign Policy.Recebido em: 29 jan. 2019 | Aceito em: 03 dez. 2019.
A EDUCAÇÃO DO CAMPO COMO EMANCIPAÇÃO E RESISTÊNCIA: ANÁLISE CRÍTICA DE PROPOSTAS PEDAGÓGICAS DISSIDENTES
Authors: Montes Guilherme Gaio , Pinto Vicente Paulo Dos Santos
Published: December 2019

Este artigo se insere no campo da geografia política em interface com o campo da educação. Concentra-se na identificação e na análise de processos que possam evidenciar resistências possíveis engendradas pelo ambientalismo protagonizado pelos movimentos sociais vinculados à militância da educação do campo e da educação ambiental no âmbito do Brasil. Como experiências concretas são consideradas os Centros Familiares de Formação por Alternância (CEFFAs), as escolas do campo que adotam a metodologia da pedagogia da alternância, as quais estão inseridas no PRONERA (Programa Nacional de Educação na Reforma Agrária). Recorreu-se a revisão de literatura a partir da consulta as plataformas virtuais Google Acadêmico, Scielo, Biblioteca Digital Brasileira de Teses e Dissertações (BDTD), Portal de Teses e Dissertações da Universidade de São Paulo, Banco de Teses da Capes, acerca de artigos, livros, teses e dissertações que têm como centralidade a temática da educação do campo, apoiada na pesquisa sobre o PRONERA, assim como a Pedagogia da Alternância. Como resultado, se propõe estabelecer possíveis relações entre os campos sociais apresentados, procurando estabelecer uma análise sintética de experiências educacionais e suas potencialidades para propostas educativas voltadas para o desenvolvimento socioespacial e para a transformação social.
Minimally invasive oesophagectomy and emerging complications: intercostal lung hernia
Authors: Davakis S , Syllaios A , Mpaili E , Sdralis E , Charalabopoulos A
Published: December 2019

Lung herniation is a rare entity, defined as a protrusion of the lung above the normal confines of thorax; it is caused by increased intrathoracic pressure and defects or weakness of the chest wall. Intercostal lung hernia can occur spontaneously or following thoracic trauma or surgery. Postoperative hernias are more commonly associated with less extensive surgical procedures, such as thoracoscopic surgery or mini-thoracotomy incisions, rather than with major thoracic procedures. We describe the first reported case of postoperative intercostal lung hernia following two-stage totally minimally invasive oesophagectomy for cancer, together with its successful surgical repair.
Stjórnkerfismiðjur: Samhent stjórnsýsla í framkvæmd á Íslandi
Authors: Matthíasson Pétur Berg
Published: December 2019

Stjórnkerfismiðjur eru jafnan einingar innan forsætisráðuneyta sem hafa það hlutverk að veita forsætisráðherra stuðning við að ná fram pólitískri og tæknilegri samhæfingu á aðgerðum stjórnvalda, við stefnumótun og við eftirfylgni mála. Jafnframt að upplýsa um ákvarðanir og frammistöðu stjórnvalda. Rannsóknir á stjórnkerfismiðjum gefa til kynna að ríki setji slíkar einingar á fót. Annars vegar til að mæta nútíma áskorunum innan stjórnkerfisins á tímum alþjóðavæðingar. Hins vegar til að draga úr óhóflegri valddreifingu sem varð að veruleika með innleiðingu nýskipunar í ríkisrekstri í mörgum ríkjum. Í fyrsta hluta greinarinnar er fjallað um hlutverk, verkefni og skipulag stjórnkerfismiðja. Í öðrum hluta er greint frá starfsemi stjórnkerfismiðja á Norðurlöndunum og þær bornar saman við sambærilega einingu á Íslandi. Gerð er tilraun til að greina þróun stjórnkerfismiðja, frá nýskipan að samhentri stjórnsýslu. Auk þess er fjallað um þær kenningar sem settar hafa verið fram af fræðimönnum til að skýra mismunandi leiðir ríkja til að styrkja stjórnkerfismiðjur. Að lokum er fjallað um þróun stjórnkerfismiðju á Íslandi með hliðsjón af þeim kenningum sem settar hafa verið fram, s.s. um fjölgun ráðgjafa, skipulagða samhæfingu og markvisst eftirlit. Í síðasta kaflanum er jafnframt stuðst við nýlega könnun frá árinu 2018 sem gerð var sérstaklega fyrir þessa rannsókn. Könnunin er endurtekning á sambærilegri könnun OECD frá árinu 2003.
Politics, marketing and social media in the 2018 local elections in Iceland
Authors: Guðmundsson Birgir , Hjálmarsdóttir Hafdís Björg , Kristjánsdóttir Vera Kristín Vestmann
Published: December 2019

The importance of marketing techniques in political campaigning has increased as communicating politics has become more complex in a highly fragmented media environment. With different media logics interacting in a hybrid media system, political marketing methods through social media have drawn considerable attention and even been seen to pose a threat to democratic processes. This paper looks at the extent and nature of the use of marketing techniques in the 2018 municipal elections in Iceland, by using a mixed methods approach. The findings of a candidate survey and interviews with campaign managers suggest that the methods used are by and large a technical extension of previous methods and not qualitatively different from traditional electioneering. Both social media and traditional media are important marketing vehicles, but the importance of social media clearly on the rise. However, in larger communities in the capital region there tends to be a higher degree of professionalism than in other parts of the country and the size of municipality is important, while the type of party or age of candidates is not.
Revolución, violencia y Derecho: Hans Kelsen y el surgimiento de la Constitución Federal Brasileña de 1934
Authors: Matos Andityas Soares de Moura Costa
Published: December 2019

Este artículo pretende discutir las relaciones entre derecho, violencia y revolución en Kelsen a partir de la premisa de que el indicio característico de la experiencia jurídica es su efectividad, o sea, el hecho de que el derecho logre imponerse en una sociedad. En este sentido, el derecho pasa a ser entendido como experiencia de monopolización de la violencia. Sobre esta base se realiza una lectura de la Teoría Pura del Derecho de Hans Kelsen como una teoría de la violencia. Para confirmar esta tesis, francamente minoritaria dentro de los estudios kelsenianos, se analiza el Dictamen que Kelsen ofreció a la Asamblea Constituyente brasileña en 1933, en el contexto de la Revolución de 1930 que llevó a Getúlio Vargas al poder. Además de presentar este documento (en el original alemán y traducido al castellano), hasta hoy desconocido en castellano y otras lenguas, el trabajo lo analiza pormenorizadamente con el objetivo de demostrar la tesis central de lo que caracteriza la teoría jurídica kelseniana, según la cual es imposible separar el derecho de la violencia, lo que se vuelve especialmente claro en momentos revolucionarios.
Una biografía intelectual de Felipe González Vicén (1908-1991)
Authors: Rivaya Benjamín
Published: December 2019

Esta biografía intelectual de Felipe González Vicén analiza el pensamiento de quien fue uno de los más importantes filósofos del Derecho españoles del siglo xx, desde sus orígenes, cuando estudió el concepto de revolución y escribió una historia del pensamiento jurídico español, pasando por las vicisitudes que sufrió durante la guerra civil, el posterior exilio y su vuelta, hasta el análisis del núcleo de su pensamiento: la contraposición Derecho natural/positivismo jurídico, el historicismo y el marxismo. También se diseccionan las polémicas que provocó, sobre el concepto de Filosofía del Derecho y sobre la obediencia al Derecho.
Normas sociales y problemas de eficacia y efectividad de las normas jurídicas
Authors: Fernández Blanco Carolina
Published: December 2019

La teoría jurídica, en general, ha entendido a las normas informales o sociales como una cuestión que no resulta un obstáculo para la eficacia o la efectividad de las normas jurídicas. Por el contrario, las normas sociales se presentan como constituyendo el tejido que permite al derecho ser reconocido como tal (Hart, 1994) o ser eficaz (Postema, 2012). Este trabajo presenta la idea de que —a diferencia de lo que ha sido destacado por la teoría jurídica— en ocasiones, las normas sociales se encuentran en competencia o tensión con las normas jurídicas y generan que estas últimas sean ineficaces y/o inefectivas. A partir de este planteamiento, y partiendo del ejemplo de la desigualdad de género como un caso paradigmático de esta competencia, se presentarán diferentes combinaciones de interacciones funcionales y disfuncionales entre normas jurídicas y normas sociales, y sus resultados en términos de eficacia y efectividad de las normas jurídicas. Como reflexión final, se expondrá brevemente la idea de que la mejora de la eficacia y la efectividad del derecho requiere orientar la atención hacia procesos que promuevan mayor racionalidad en la actividad legislativa.
Fecal Transplant: How an Ancient Therapy Is Finding a New Use in Today’s Antibiotic-Resistant Era
Authors: McBeth Andrea , Dobner Piper
Published: December 2019

Fecal transplant refers to any method of delivery of healthy human stool to the colon of a recipient. This therapy is now gaining standard-of-care designation in the United States, Australia, and many parts of Europe for treating resistant Clostridium difficile infection). This literature review describes fecal transplant protocols. It highlights the variety of techniques used to screen stool donors; prepare and deliver treatment; and how, despite these variations, safety and efficacy remain high. It highlights the various ways to best mitigate safety while also recommending the direction in which clinical and research communities can move to continue to provide access to fecal microbiota transplant in a cost-effective manner.
A comunicação de valores éticos na interação entre público e organizações: um estudo das postagens da Vale sobre o caso de Brumadinho
Authors: Martino Luis Mauro Sa , Ravelli Fernanda
Published: December 2019

Este texto delineia algumas relações entre ética, comunicação e crise organizacional a partir do estudo de vinte postagens e interações da empresa Vale na rede LinkedIn referentes ao rompimento da barragem de Brumadinho-MG, em 2019, publicadas entre janeiro e julho desse ano. A análise indica que os valores comunicados se modificam de acordo com a cronologia dos acontecimentos e as interações do público: (1) no momento do evento, ressaltam-se a preservação da vida, a apuração dos fatos e ações de resgate; (2) conforme mais informações circulam nas semanas seguintes, destaca-se o reconhecimento da responsabilidade; (3) dois meses depois, retoma-se a divulgação dos valores da empresa como funamento para evitar acontecimentos semelhantes. Esses resultados são discutidos a partir das pesquisas sobre ética e comunicação organizacional.
Gênero na educação e educação de gênero: a invisibilidade da mulher apesar de principal protagonista
Authors: Barreto Giovanna Carla , Pereira Verena Carla , Rigotti Gabriela Fiorin , Maldonado Rafael Resende
Published: December 2019

O texto se apoia em fatos históricos e recentes como ponto de partida para impulsionar o debate sobre gênero e educação e educação de gênero, dentro e fora da escola. Problematiza a padronização dos modos de ser, pensar, portar e comportar, bem como os esquemas binários de gênero que ainda operam na sociedade e nos contextos educacionais. A coleta de dados foi feita a partir de análise documental de notícias de jornais e revisão bibliográfica sobre o assunto. A análise possibilitou compreender que, apesar das históricas conquistas, a mulher continua invisível mesmo quando é a principal protagonista. Cabe ressaltar que a desigualdade de gênero não afeta apenas as mulheres, mas toda a sociedade que também perde por ser refém de um sistema escolar que produz e reproduz desigualdades e injustiças.