bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Liquid chromatography/tandem mass spectrometry method for quantification of trans‐stilbene glycoside in rat plasma and its pharmacokinetic application
Authors: Wang Jiankun , Zhu Xuanxuan , Peng Ying , Zha Weibin , Feng Dong , Zhu Yinci , Wan Ping , Qi Huanhuan , He Jichao , Zhou Jie , Sun Jianguo
Published: February 2012

A rapid and sensitive liquid chromatography/tandem mass spectrometry (LC‐MS/MS) method was developed and validated for the quantification of trans‐stilbene glycoside (SG) in rat plasma. As trans‐SG can be rapidly isomerized under light exposure, trans‐SG plasma samples were prepared in the dark and assayed immediately. Trans‐SG and internal standard were extracted by protein precipitation. Chromatographic separation was achieved on a C18 column with a gradient elution program. The detection of analytes was performed by negative ion via multiple reaction monitoring mode. The precursor‐to‐product ions of m/z 405.1 → 242.9 for trans‐SG and m/z 389.1 → 226.9 for polydatin (internal standard) were monitored. No interference of endogenous components was observed for any plasma samples that we studied.The method was linear over the concentration range of 1.0–1000.0 ng/mL with a good correlation coefficient. The lower limit of quantification was 1.0 ng/mL for trans‐SG. The intra and inter‐batch accuracy for trans‐SG in stable rat plasma samples ranged from 93.3 to 102.7% and the variation was less than 8.1%. The extraction recoveries of trans‐SG in rat plasma were from 102.8 to 112.4% and the matrix effects were also acceptable. This method was successfully applied to pharmacokinetic study of trans‐SG in rats after intravenous administration. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
A fast, sensitive and simple method for mirtazapine quantification in human plasma by HPLC‐ESI‐MS/MS. Application to a comparative bioavailability study
Authors: Borges Ney Carter , Barrientos‐Astigarraga Rafael Eliseo , Sverdloff Carlos Eduardo , Donato José Luiz , Moreno Patricia , Felix Leila , Galvinas Paulo Alexandre Rebelo , Moreno Ronilson Agnaldo
Published: February 2012

In the present study a simple, fast, sensitive and robust method to quantify mirtazapine in human plasma using quetiapine as the internal standard (IS) is described. The analyte and the IS were extracted from human plasma by a simple protein precipitation with methanol and were analyzed by high‐performance liquid chromatography coupled to an electrospray tandem triple quadrupole mass spectrometer (HPLC‐ESI‐MS/MS). Chromatography was performed isocratically on a C18, 5 µm analytical column and the run time was 1.8 min. The lower limit of quantitation was 0.5 ng/mL and a linear calibration curve over the range 0.5–150 ng/mL was obtained, showing acceptable accuracy and precision. This analytical method was applied in a relative bioavailability study in order to compare a test mirtazapine 30 mg single‐dose formulation vs a reference formulation in 31 volunteers of both sexes. The study was conducted in an open randomized two‐period crossover design and with a 14 day washout period. Since the 90% confidence interval for Cmax, AUClast and AUC0–inf were within the 80–125% interval proposed by the Food and Drug Administration and ANVISA (Brazilian Health Surveillance Agency), it was concluded that mirtazapine 30 mg/dose is bioequivalent to the reference formulation, according to both the rate and extent of absorption. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Determination of the Volatile Fraction of Polygonum bistorta L. at Different Growing Stages and Evaluation of Its Antimicrobial Activity against Two Major Honeybee (Apis mellifera) Pathogens
Authors: Cecotti Roberto , Carpana Emanuele , Falchero Luca , Paoletti Renato , Tava Aldo
Published: February 2012

The composition of the volatile fraction of Polygonum bistorta L. (also known as bistort or snakeroot) was investigated. Fresh aerial parts of this plant species were collected in the Western Italian Alps during the summer at three different phenological stages, namely vegetative, flowering, and fruiting, and steam‐distilled in a Clevenger‐type apparatus. The oils accounted for 0.004 to 0.010% of the fresh plant material, and their compositions were determined by GC/FID and GC/MS. The composition of the oils during the vegetative period varied both in quantity and quality; several classes of compounds were found with a predominance of alcohols in the vegetative phase, terpenes and linear‐chained saturated hydrocarbons in the flowering phase, while saturated aliphatic acids and their methyl esters were predominant in fruiting phase. The most abundant compounds were 3‐methylbut‐3‐en‐1‐ol in the vegetative phase, linalool in the flowering phase, and dodecanoic acid and its methyl ester in the fruiting phase. The obtained essential oils were then tested against two major bee pathogens, i.e., Paenibacillus larvae and Melissococcus plutonius, and against a reference bacterial species, Bacillus subtilis. Data were compared to those obtained with reference standards used against those pathogens such as the essential oils obtained from leaves and bark of Cinnamomum zeylanicum (cinnamon), and the antibiotic oxytetracyclin.
pH‐ and Redox‐Responsive Polysaccharide‐Based Microcapsules with Autofluorescence for Biomedical Applications
Authors: Gao Liang , Fei Jinbo , Zhao Jie , Cui Wei , Cui Yue , Li Junbai
Published: February 2012

Autofluorescent microcapsules were assembled by covalent cross‐linking of polysaccharide alginate dialdehyde (ADA) derivative and cystamine dihydrochloride (CM) through a layer‐by‐layer (LBL) technique. The formulated Schiff base and disulfide bonds render capsules with pH‐ and redox‐responsive properties for pinpointed intracellular delivery based on the physiological difference between intracellular and extracellular environments. This simple and versatile method could be extended to other polysaccharide derivatives for the fabrication of autofluorescent nano‐ and micromaterials with dual stimuli response for biomedical applications.
ChemInform Abstract: An Efficient, Recoverable Fluorous Organocatalyst for Accelerating the DABCO‐Promoted Morita—Baylis—Hillman Reaction.
Authors: Huang Yi Bo , Yi Wen Bin , Cai Chun
Published: February 2012

The catalyst can be recovered from the reaction mixture by fluorous solid‐phase extraction for direct reuse.
ChemInform Abstract: Catalytic Oxidative Carbonylation of Arylamines to Ureas with W(CO)6/I2 as Catalyst.
Authors: Zhang Li , Darko Ampofo K. , Johns Jennifer I. , McElwee‐White Lisa
Published: February 2012

Title carbonylation reaction of a wide variety of aromatic amines (I) with carbon monoxide is smoothly achieved in the system iodine—DMAP—W(CO)6 to give symmetrical diarylurea derivatives (III).
ChemInform Abstract: Proton‐Coupled Electron Transfer Originating from Excited States of Luminescent Transition‐Metal Complexes.
Authors: Wenger Oliver S.
Published: February 2012

Review: 44 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Recent Advances in the Chemistry of Imine‐Based Multicomponent Reactions (MCRs)
Authors: Choudhury Lokman H. , Parvin Tasneem
Published: February 2012

Review: 77 refs.
Probing Thermal Interactions of Ionic Liquids with Dimethyl Sulfoxide
Authors: Rai Gitanjali , Kumar Anil
Published: February 2012

Interactions between ionic liquids and dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO) are probed by isothermal titration calorimetry. The excess partial molar enthalpies of ionic liquids ${H_{{\rm{IL}}}^{\rm{E}} }$ in DMSO are discussed in terms of solute–solvent interactions. The specific interaction theory originally developed by Pitzer is used to analyze the apparent molar enthalpy ϕL of ionic liquids in DMSO with the help of ion‐interaction parameters. Furthermore, quantitative information on solvent reorganization and clathrate formation is obtained and interpreted.
Molecular‐Simulation‐Assisted Immobilization and Catalytic Performance of CC Hydrolase MfphA on SBA‐15 Mesoporous Silica
Authors: Zhou Hao , Qu Yuanyuan , Bu Yibin , Li Xinliang , Kong Chunlei , Ma Qiao , Zhang Qiang , Zhang Xuwang , Zhou Jiti
Published: February 2012

A molecular simulation strategy based on homology modeling and electrostatic potential calculations has been proposed to assist the immobilization process of a CC hydrolase MfphA onto mesoporous SBA‐15. The size of the enzyme, pH‐dependence of the immobilization process, and possible orientation of MfphA onto mesoporous materials (MPs) were predicted by molecular simulation. The adsorption of MfphA onto SBA‐15 reached equilibrium in 1.5 hours at pH 7.0 and the maximum loading capacity was 34 mg g−1. Meanwhile at pH 9.0, no obvious adsorption was observed after 12 hours which corresponded to the molecular simulation prediction. It was also shown that, after immobilization, the catalytic activity of immobilized MfphA decreased to some extent, but the thermal stability was significantly improved. Guanidinium chloride (GdmCl) exhibited similar activity attenuation for both immobilized and free enzyme. By contrast, the immobilized MfphA was more resistant to urea at high concentration than was the free enzyme. Meanwhile, recycling experiments showed that the immobilized enzyme retained 30 % of its initial activity after ten reaction cycles.
Total Synthesis of (–)‐Neovibsanin G and (–)‐14‐epi‐Neovibsanin G: Towards the Synthesis of 15‐O‐Methylneovibsanin F and 14‐epi‐15‐O‐Methylneovibsanin F
Authors: Mak Jeffrey Y. W. , Williams Craig M.
Published: February 2012

The total synthesis of (–)‐neovibsanin G and (–)‐14‐epi‐neovibsanin G has been accomplished, establishing the absolute configurations of these caged diterpenes as 11S, and confirming Fukuyama's postulated biosynthesis of the neovibsanins. Synthetic studies towards 15‐O‐methylneovibsanin F and 14‐epi‐15‐O‐methylneovibsanin F were undertaken based on the hypothesis that these methoxy substituted caged neovibsanins were artifacts of isolation, formed by the addition of methanol to the terminal alkenes of neovibsanin G and 14‐epi‐neovibsanin G. The results strongly suggest, however, that the methoxy caged neovibsanins are true natural products.
A New Diterpenoid Alkaloid from the Roots of a White‐Flowering Aconitum orientale Sample
Authors: Meriçli Ali H. , Çağal‐Yurdusever Nil , Özçelik Hasan , Zapp Josef , Kiemer Alexandra K.
Published: February 2012

From the roots of a white‐flowering Aconitum orientale Miller sample, collected in Artvin‐Şavşat, Turkey, a new diterpenoid alkaloid named aconitorientaline (1) was isolated, along with the known diterpenoid alkaloids septentiriodine, lappaconitine, finaconitine, ranaconitine, puberanidine and delstaphinine (Fig.). The structure of 1 was established on the basis of 1H‐ and 13C‐NMR, DEPT, 1H,1H‐COSY, NOESY, HSQC, and HMBC studies. All the known compounds were identified by comparison of their 1H‐ and 13C‐NMR data and co‐TLC behavior with those of authentic samples.
Trinuclear Non‐Heme Iron Complexes Based on 4‐Substituted 2,6‐Diacylpyridine Ligands as Catalysts in Aerobic Allylic Oxidations
Authors: Rabe Volker , Frey Wolfgang , Baro Angelika , Laschat Sabine
Published: February 2012

Taking the regio‐ and chemoselectivities of our iron complex precursors with pyridine core in aerobic oxidations into account, we envisioned a more effective influence on catalytic properties by the introduction of different substituents in 4‐position of the pyridine moiety. The synthesis of these novel 4‐substituted (pyridine‐2,6‐diyl)dipropanoic acids 4 is described. Analogously to the unsubstituted derivative, ligands 4 reacted with Fe(ClO4)3 to form trinuclear Fe3(μ3‐O) complexes 3, which were tested in the aerobic Gif‐type oxidation of α‐pinene to myrtenol, verbenone, myrtenal, and pinene oxide. The electronic nature of the substituents was found to slightly effect the ratio of allylic oxidation/epoxidation, whereas its influence on the oxidation preference of secondary to primary CH bonds is negligible as compared to the unsubstituted complex.
Identification of Three New Flavonoids from the Peels of Citrus unshiu
Authors: Shin Hyun Ji , Nam Joo‐Won , Yoon Ui Joong , Han Ah‐Reum , Seo Eun‐Kyoung
Published: February 2012

Three new flavonoids, 5,6,7,8,3′,4′‐hexamethoxyhomoflavone (1), 5,6,7,8,4′‐pentamethoxyhomoflavone (2) and 3,6,7,8,2′,5′‐hexamethoxyflavone (3) were isolated from the peels of mature fruits of Citrus unshiu Marcow (Rutaceae), together with the three known compounds 6,7,8,4′‐tetramethoxyflavone (=6,7,8‐trimethoxy‐2‐(4‐methoxyphenyl)‐4H‐1‐benzopyran‐4‐one), 3,5,7,8,2′,5′‐hexamethoxyflavone (=2‐(2,5‐dimethoxyphenyl)‐3,5,7,8‐tetramethoxy‐4H‐1‐benzopyran‐4‐one), and scopoletin (=7‐hydroxy‐6‐methoxy‐2H‐1‐benzopyran‐2‐one) of which the former two have never been isolated from natural resources, although they have been reported as synthetic compounds. The structures of 1–3 were elucidated on the basis of spectroscopic evidence, including 1D‐ and 2D‐NMR analysis.
One‐Pot Synthesis of 4‐Substituted 3,4‐Dihydro‐3‐methoxyisocoumarins via Carboxylation of α‐Substituted 2‐Lithio‐β‐methoxystyrenes with Carbon Dioxide
Authors: Kobayashi Kazuhiro , Nagaoka Toshiyuki , Shirai Yuu , Miyatani Wataru , Yokoi Yuki , Konishi Hisatoshi
Published: February 2012

A new type of isocoumarins (=1H‐isochromen‐1‐ones=1H‐2‐benzopyran‐1‐ones), 4‐substituted 3,4‐dihydro‐3‐methoxyisocoumarins 2, can be obtained by a one‐pot process from α‐substituted 2‐bromo‐β‐methoxystyrenes 1. Thus, lithium 2‐(1‐aryl(or methyl)‐2‐methoxyethenyl)benzoates are conveniently generated via the Br/Li exchange between 1 and BuLi, followed by the action of CO2 on the resulting α‐substituted 2‐lithio‐β‐methoxystyrenes. Upon treating with concentrated HCl at room temperature, these lithium benzoates undergo lactonization to provide the desired 3,4‐dihydroisocoumarins 2 in relatively good yields.
Synthesis of Some C2‐Symmetric Bidentate Ligands and Their Complexes Derived from Feist's Acid
Authors: Al‐Majid Abdullah M. A. , Al‐Othman Zeid A. , Islam Mohammad Shahidul
Published: February 2012

Various new C2‐symmetric bidentate ligands, bearing phosphorus, nitrogen, and sulfur, were obtained in an efficient manner, starting from (±)‐trans‐3‐methylidenecyclopropane‐1,2‐dicarboxylic acid (Feist's acid; (±)‐trans‐3). The structures of the new bidentate ligands, di(tert‐butyl) (±)‐[(trans‐3‐methylidenecyclopropane‐1,2‐diyl)dimethanediyl]biscarbamate ((±)‐9), (±)‐(trans‐3‐methyldienecyclopropane‐1,2‐diyl)dimethanaminium dichloride ((±)‐10), (±)‐S,S′‐[(trans‐3‐methylidenecyclopropane‐1,2‐diyl)dimethanediyl] diethanethioate ((±)‐11), and (±)‐[(trans‐3‐methylidenecyclopropane‐1,2‐diyl)dimethanediyl]bis(diphenylphosphane) ((±)‐12), were fully characterized by standard spectroscopic techniques. These new classes of C2‐symmetric bidentate ligands have the potential to be used in asymmetric catalysis.
Efficient One‐Pot Synthesis of Alkyl 2‐(Dialkylamino)‐4‐phenylthiazole‐5‐carboxylates and Single‐Crystal X‐Ray Structure of Methyl 2‐(Diisopropylamino)‐4‐phenylthiazole‐5‐carboxylate
Authors: Souldozi Ali , Ramazani Ali , Dadrass Ali Reza , Ślepokura Katarzyna , Lis Tadeusz
Published: February 2012

The reaction between secondary amines, benzoyl isothiocyanate, and dialkyl acetylenedicarboxylates (=dialkyl but‐2‐ynedioates) in the presence of silica gel (SiO2) led to alkyl 2‐(dialkylamino)‐4‐phenylthiazole‐5‐carboxylates in fairly high yields. The structures of the products were confirmed by their IR, 1H‐ and 13C‐NMR, and mass spectra, and by a single‐crystal X‐ray structure determination.
New Benzofuranylpropanoids from the Roots of Codonopsis lanceolata
Authors: Hu Qiu‐Fen , Li Xue‐Sen , Huang Hai‐Tao , Mu Huai‐Xue , Tu Pen‐Fei , Li Gan‐Peng
Published: February 2012

Three new benzofuranylpropanoids, lanceolunes A–C (1–3), were isolated from the roots of Codonopsis lanceolata. Their structures were determined by means of HR‐ESI‐MS, extensive 1D‐ and 2D‐NMR spectroscopic, and chemical evidence.
1,2,3‐Triazolophanes—Cyclophanes with an Array of Molecular Structures and Supramolecular Architectures
Authors: Mohan Arumugam , Sankararaman Sethuraman
Published: February 2012

1,2,3‐Triazolophanes are a class of cyclophanes that has attracted enormous attention in recent times. With the advent of the intramolecular copper‐mediated alkyne azide cycloaddition (CuAAC) reaction 1,2,3‐triazolophanes of various molecular structure and supramolecular architecture have been synthesized. 1,2,3‐Triazolophanes find a variety of applications as molecular hosts, ion sensors, peptidomimics, and supramolecular building blocks, among others.
Simulation and Instructional Objectives in Counselor Education
Authors: MILLER THOMAS V.
Published: February 2012

Simulation is a controlled representation of a real situation. An instructional program using simulation to reach instructional objectives is described. The four levels of simulation discussed are reading and listening, modeling, practice experiences and role playing, and supervised experience.
Increasing Verbal Empathy as a Function of Feedback and Instruction
Authors: CARLSON KEITH W.
Published: February 2012

Counselor‐trainee response uncertainty and delayed supervisor feedback are two apparent difficulties when looking at the normal practicum procedures from a learning theory frame of reference. Twenty‐four counselor trainees were randomly assigned to three experimental groups and one control group, i.e., immediate feedback, feedback and instructions, equipment present, and control. Audio tapes pre‐ and post‐were selected and rated on empathy. An analysis of variance on the pre‐ and post‐differences in ratings was computed resulting in a significant F‐ratio (p < .05). Subsequent multiple comparisons showed all experimental groups significant when compared to the control group (p < .01) The results showed that all experimental conditions increased counselor trainees' empathic responses significantly.
Co‐counseling Supervision in Practicum
Authors: SILVERMAN MANUEL S. , QUINN PHILIP F.
Published: February 2012

Two groups of 12 trainees were exposed to either monitor‐modeling or immediate‐feedback supervision in their practicum. Ten‐minute individual counseling sessions with coached clients were taped before and after the practicum. Three independent judges rated the tapes, using Carkhuff's scales for gross ratings of facultative interpersonal functioning (Carkhuff 1969). Results indicated that (a) the judges' mean ratings from pretest to posttest increased significantly for the monitor‐modeling group but not for the immediate‐feedback group; (b) although the results approached significance (p < .09), there were no significant differences on the posttest; and (c) the amount of growth from pretest to posttest was significantly greater for the monitor‐modeling group. The data supports the relative effectiveness of monitor‐modeling supervision. Additional, more extensive evaluations are suggested to more fully assess the relative value of such team approaches to supervision.
Prose‐Text, Linear‐Programmed, and Branching‐Programmed Instruction in Teaching Counseling Theories
Authors: SCHERMAN AVRAHAM
Published: February 2012

Ninety‐one master's degree candidates in counseling at Michigan State University, enrolled in a counseling theories course, were randomly assigned to one of three instructional conditions: prose‐text, linear‐programmed instruction, and branching‐programmed instruction. A pre‐ and posttest covering the whole course and posttests following each instructional unit were administered to each of the subjects. No significant differences were found in terms of overall treatment effects; however, a significant location effect was found. In addition, a significant difference among treatments over repeated measures was found. The prose‐text group consistently performed more poorly than the other two groups. Better performance (on immediate criterion tests) of subjects instructed by the two programmed instruction methods suggests the possible use of these modes of instruction as motivational and reinforcing tools in teaching a course presented in small segments.
Toward More Adequate Selection Criteria: Correlates of Empathy, Genuineness, and Respect
Authors: JONES LAWRENCE K.
Published: February 2012

Correlations were obtained between scores or ratings on 17 variables derived from a review of the research and theory on the problem of selection and rated levels of empathic understanding, genuineness, and respect provided by 19 graduate students to clients during the counseling practicum experience. The results revealed that empathic understanding and respect are significantly related to two similar personality variables: tolerance of ambiguity and need for order. Ratings from Carkhuff's Index of Communication were significantly related to empathic understanding. None of the variables investigated was significantly related to genuineness. Suggestions are made for further research and the improvement of existing selection instruments.
Counselor Commitment and Career Development
Authors: FUJINAKA LARRY H. , STONE SHELLEY C.
Published: February 2012

The relationship between preparation and career commitment is explored by studying the degree to which counseling personnel actively involve themselves as school counselors after training. If counselor education programs are truly concerned with preparing professionals for a career, then long‐term involvement is an important criterion reflecting the success of counselors and their prior preparation. Results from a study tracing 406 graduates from 20 NDEA institutes six years after training showed that only 45 percent immediately entered and remained in counseling for six years. The existence of a teacher‐counselor‐administrator promotion ladder is presented as being a major source of loss from the ranks of school counseling. A related finding showed non‐entry to counseling to be caused by a return to classroom teaching after counseling preparation.
Selection and Elimination of Candidates in Counselor Education Programs
Authors: REDFERING DAVID L. , BIASCO FRANK
Published: February 2012

This study compared actual with ideal procedures in the selection and elimination of candidates in counselor education programs. A two‐factor analysis for each category (selection and elimination) resulted in some significant differences (p< .001) between the actual and ideal procedures in both selection and elimination. The criteria for actual and ideal procedures in the selection and elimination of candidates were also treated by t tests, with highly significant differences (p<.075 to p<.0005) found on some of the criteria.
The Adaptive Ability of Male and Female Counselor Trainees
Authors: BLAAS CHARLES D. , GINSBURG MICHAEL
Published: February 2012

Adaptability Index (AI) ratings were conducted comparing male and female counselor trainee differences for two counseling tasks. The tasks consisted of a male and female client behaving on the basis of a predefined, standardized role. The counselor trainee's responses to four verbal obstacles contained within each task were evaluated for counselor adaptability. The data indicate no significant differences in male and female counselor trainee adaptability ratings regardless of the sex of the client. The article discusses implications of the study for counselor education and suggests additional research.
Ratings on a Comprehensive Set of Counselor Competencies
Authors: COGAN DENNIS B. , NOBLE FRANK C.
Published: February 2012

The specific objectives of this study were (a) to collect and edit a comprehensive set of counselor competencies, (b) to operationally define the counselor competencies, and (c) to determine the specific competencies for which there is a high level of consensus of importance among counselor‐educators. The 98 competencies included in this study were collected through an extensive review of the literature of the past 10 years. Fifty counselor‐educators throughout the United States rated each of the 98 competencies for perceived level of importance and for when the competencies are to be acquired. Ninety competencies received a consensual rating ranging from important to critical, indicating that they need be acquired and demonstrated by counselor‐trainees before the completion of practicum.
A Competency‐Based Program in Counselor Education
Authors: GAVILAN MARISAL R. , RYAN COLLEEN A.
Published: February 2012

This article describes the evaluation of a competency‐based, criterion‐referenced, master's degree counselor education program. It discusses the program's philosophy, the procedures for establishing the exit competencies, the assessment of student's competencies, and the decisions based on context, input, process, and output evaluations of the program.
The Relationship of Counselor Self‐Actualization To Counselor Facilitativeness
Authors: THAMES TERRI B. , HILL CLARA E.
Published: February 2012

After completing the Personal Orientation Inventory, 32 counselors‐in‐training each conducted a half‐hour counseling session with one of 32 volunteer clients. Following the session, clients and counselors filled out the Barrett‐Lennard Relationship Inventory, indicating how encouraging the counselor had been. Correlational analyses found that in general, counselor trainees who viewed themselves as more self‐actualized were not perceived by clients or by themselves as being more encouraging. Specific elements of self‐actualization however (awareness of self, others, and the nature of man) were related to facilitative conditions.
Review of Family Theory: Theory and Practice
Authors: TAVANTZIS THOMAS N.
Published: February 2012

Family Theory: Theory and Practice, by Phillip J. Guerin, Jr.
Placement and the Vietnam‐Era Veteran in Transition
Authors: KELZ JAMES W.
Published: February 2012

Full employment of Vietnam‐era veterans is a major goal. The success of placement efforts rests heavily upon employment service counselors. This article briefly traces the etiology and nature of our concern for. Vietnam‐era vets and suggests that a successful placement program depends largely upon three factors: (a) an understanding of the characteristics of present‐day veterans, (b) an awareness of allied agencies, programs, and industries comprising the network of helping services, and (c) intimate knowledge of employers, their personnel representatives, the nature of the jobs available, and the practical workings of the placement process.
Basic Concepts of Systems Analysis
Authors: PACKARD TED , FUHRIMAN ADDIE
Published: February 2012

… asystemis simply the structure or organization of an orderly whole, clearly showing the interrelations of the parts to each other and to the whole itself.

From this definition, these criteria emerge:

. There must be a structure or organization.

. The structure or organization must be conceptualized as a whole.

. The whole must be orderly.

. The whole must have parts.

. Parts can be shown clearly relating to each other.

. Parts can be shown clearly relating to the whole.

—Silvern [1972, pp. 1–3]
A Systems Approach for Training Employment Counselors
Authors: BURKS HERBERT M.
Published: February 2012

How can the systems approach and the related tools and techniques be used to improve the training of employment counselors? This article is intended to provide a tentative answer to that question. First, a conventional model for training counselors will be evaluated. Second, a systems‐based model will be described. Finally, some advantages and limitations of the proposed model will be examined.
Role Conflict and Role Ambiguity of Employment Counselors
Authors: HELWIG ANDREW A.
Published: February 2012

The relationship of role conflict and role ambiguity to job satisfaction and other variables was examined in a national sample of 506 employment counselors. A survey was mailed to USES counselors in ten states. Regression analysis showed that the 11 personal and organizational variables included in the study accounted for only a small amount of the variance in role conflict or role ambiguity. On the other hand, role conflict and role ambiguity were negatively and significantly related to job satisfaction of the counselors. These stress variables were related positively and significantly to counselors' propensity to leave the agency. Privacy of counseling facilities and time spent in counseling activities were two variables contributing most to explaining variance in role stress. Both related negatively and significantly to role conflict and role ambiguity.
A Study of Selected Demographic Variables and Recidivism with Adult Male Probationers
Authors: ANDERSON BARBARA M. , FIELD TIMOTHY F.
Published: February 2012

This article represents a study of variables associated with the recidivism rates of public offenders. The relationship of age, education, and prior offenses to recidivism rates is explored.
A Health Careers Program to Improve Employability of Low‐Achieving Youth
Authors: RABINOWITZ HERBERT S. , SPERO JEANNETTE R. , GRENN STANLEY J. , INSERA MAXINE T.
Published: February 2012

Applicants to a high school health career orientation program were followed for three years after graduation. There were 235 participants and 271 in the control group. Groups were fairly matched in age, grade level, prior exposure to health work, and interest in health occupations. Controls were above‐average academically. Participants served in a 6‐week summer program, worked under close supervision in 35 health career areas in hospitals and health‐related agencies, took field trips, and received supplementary guidance. Participants showed low drop‐out rates and high levels of expressed satisfaction; were likelier to engage in extracurricular health‐related activities; studied and trained more; explored more before making an employment choice; showed higher levels of job satisfaction, higher earnings, and less turnover.
Sage Advocate Employment Service—WHEEE: A Program Description
Authors: RADDING NATALIE M.
Published: February 2012

Nonprofit employment services for older adults have been established throughout the country in the past 10 years. Some have thrived, others have dissolved. In New Haven, Connecticut, a service within unique origins is now in its eighth year, serving a diverse population in the greater metropolitan area. This article reviews how the service developed and the factors that contribute to its continued growth.
A Career Awareness Program for High School Dropouts
Authors: PALMO ARTIS J. , BUECHLE PAUL , OSSWALD HELENE
Published: February 2012

The Career Awareness Program for High School Dropouts was an experimentally funded project to determine the effect of a concentrated vocational assessment and vocational counseling program on the employability of high school dropouts. Various aspects of CAP included individual and group counseling, vocational‐educational assessment and diagnosis, job attitude training, vocational guidance, and career exploration. The results of a follow‐up survey showed that approximately 60% of the dropouts were still employed six months after completion of the program. In addition, the dropouts reported benefiting from the program through increased awareness of their own needs, abilities, and interests as well as through better awareness of the types of skills and behaviors desired by employers.
Marathon Group Therapy with Former Drug Users
Authors: PAGE RICHARD C. , MANNION JOHN
Published: February 2012

This article deals with a study that assessed the effects of marathon group therapy on the attitudes of the participants in a 16‐hour‐long marathon group. The participants were all former drug users who were transferred from prison to a residential drug treatment center. The volunteer residents, who were randomly divided into control and experimental groups, completed posttests that included the following semantic differential concepts: kindness, reality, the future, anger, guilt, my real self, drug treatment programs, counselors, counseling, and group counseling. Evaluative (E) and Potency (P) scales were obtained for each concept. The results showed that experimental group members responded higher on the Group Counseling (E) subscale and lower on the guilt (E) subscale than the control group members.
Misperceptions of Motivation of Economically Disadvantaged Employees in Work Settings
Authors: SMITH ALTHEA , CHEMERS MARTIN M.
Published: February 2012

The present study was designed to assess the cross‐cultural perceptions of appropriate and inappropriate behaviors for three sets of role relationships. Employers and economically‐disadvantaged job trainees were asked to rate the appropriateness of various behaviors for superordinate/subordinate, subordinate/superordinate, and peer/peer relationships. Results suggest that job trainees perceived the role of a superordinate as being more punitive, more deceitful, and less friendly than the employers thought would be appropriate. The findings are discussed in light of the concept of “ecosystem distrust”.
Unto the Third Generation: Dimensions of Reality and Career Development
Authors: WURTZ ROBERT E.
Published: February 2012

To illustrate how external realities may impinge on career development, three generations of one hypothetical family are looked at within the context of the first eight decades of this century. Selected realities are presented, with the reader left to consider how the individuals might react to them.
Employment and Rehabilitation Counselors Characterize one another Using Stereotypes
Authors: PARKER HARRY J. , REISCH JOAN S.
Published: February 2012

Thirty employment counselors appraised personal and job‐related attributes of rehabilitation counselors using a 67‐item semantic differential stereotype scale. Thirty rehabilitation counselors rated themselves and also how they believed employment counselors would rate rehabilitation counselors on the same scale.

The rehabilitation counselors' self‐ratings revealed a generally positive self‐portrait; however, the self‐ratings, when compared to how they believed employment counselors perceived rehabilitation counselors, yielded statistically significant negative relationships on 60 scales. Comparison of perceived versus actual ratings of rehabilitation counselors by employment counselors showed statistically different ratings on 49 scales, all in a positive direction.

That employment counselors perceived rehabilitation counselors much more positively than the latter expected helps explain why placement functions and team cooperation are limited among these professionals, and should therefore be increased.
Educational Rehabilitation for Substance Abusers
Authors: PADGETT WILLIAM L. , WEINER HARVEY , REILLY RICHARD
Published: February 2012

The article describes a program that provides educational rehabilitation in a therapeutic setting using Adult Basic Education/General Education Development (ABE/GED) classes. Data presented indicate that, on average, students who complete 6 months of training in this program raise their academic achievement level by 7 grade levels in math and by 5 grade levels in English.
Women Employment Issues: Test Yourself
Authors: GUERRIERO JANICE M.
Published: February 2012

The author clarifies major issues of women employment by means of a self‐administered true‐false questionnaire. Answers may surprise and, perhaps, enlighten employment counseling professionals.
Challenging the Myths of Industrial Arts
Authors: EDDY JOHN P. , WALDROP PHILLIP S.
Published: February 2012

The majority of the thousands of industrial arts majors that graduate each year in the nation take jobs in business and industry—not as teachers in schools and colleges as in the past. Many counselors are unaware of this and many other important facts about the field of industrial arts. This article provides insights to prepare job counselors as they counsel potential and established industrial arts majors and graduates.
Anecdotes for Practitioners
Authors: BENNIGHT KATY
Published: February 2012

The purpose of this section is to allow our readers the chance to publish “anecdotes” concerning cases they have dealt with as counseling professionals. Stories about problems that you handled, either successfully or unsuccessfully, new of new programs or procedures, or comments on what is happening in the world of counseling—all are appropriate topics for upcoming issues. If you are or have been involved in something you think is interesting, write it down, and don't worry about the prose—that's our job. Send your material to Katy Bennight, 656 S. W. Fourth Terrace, Florida City, Florida 33034.
Review Department
Authors: Tulpa Leonid V.
Published: February 2012

THE GREAT TECHNOLOGY: Social Chaos and the Public Mind. By Harold Rugg.

SWEEPING THE COBWEBS. By Lillien J. Martin and Clare de Gruchy.

DIAGNOSING PERSONALITY AND CONDUCT. By Percival M. Symonds.
The need for speed
Authors: Suhalim Jeffrey L. , Boik John C. , Tromberg Bruce J. , Potma Eric O.
Published: February 2012

One of the key enabling features of coherent Raman scattering (CRS) techniques is the dramatically improved imaging speed over conventional vibrational imaging methods. It is this enhanced imaging acquisition rate that has guided the field of vibrational microscopy into the territory of real‐time imaging of live tissues. In this feature article, we review several aspects of fast vibrational imaging and discuss new applications made possible by the improved CRS imaging capabilities. In addition, we reflect on the current limitations of CRS microscopy and look ahead at several new developments towards real‐time, hyperspectral vibrational imaging of biological tissues. (© 2012 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Mammalian target of rapamycin: A valid therapeutic target through the autophagy pathway for alzheimer's disease?
Authors: Cai Zhiyou , Zhao Bin , Li Keshen , Zhang Liangqing , Li Chunhua , Quazi Sohel H. , Tan Yan
Published: February 2012

Autophagy plays a critical role in multiple pathological lesions of Alzheimer's disease (AD), such as the formation of amyloid plaques from amyloid‐β (Aβ) production and accumulation via dysregulating amyloid precursor protein turnover and enhancing the activity of β‐ and/or γ‐secretases, intraneuronal neurofibrillary tangles (NFT) because of tau hyperphosphorylation, and neuronal apoptosis. Dysfunction of the autophagy‐lysosome system also contributes to Aβ accumulation and the formation of tau oligomers and insoluble aggregates, because induction of autophagy enhances the clearance of both soluble and aggregated forms of Aβ and tau proteins. The mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) pathway plays a central role in controlling protein homeostasis and negatively regulates autophagy. Inhibition of mTOR by rapamycin improves cognitive deficits and rescues Aβ pathology and NFTs by increasing autophagy. Several mTOR signaling components may be potential biomarkers of cognitive impairment in the clinical diagnosis of AD. Thus, mTOR‐related agents through the control of autophagy‐lysosome protein degradation are emerging as an important therapeutic target for AD. © 2012 Wiley Peridicals, Inc.
Physicochemical Properties and Bioactivity of a Novel Class of Cellulosics: 6‐Deoxy‐6‐amino Cellulose Sulfate
Authors: Genco Taha , Zemljič Lidija Fras , Bračič Matej , Stana‐Kleinschek Karin , Heinze Thomas
Published: February 2012

The physicochemical behavior with emphasis on the charging behavior of 6‐deoxy‐6‐(2‐(bis(2‐aminoethyl)aminoethyl‐amino) cellulose sulfate (BAECS) with degree of substitution (DS) of 1.31 (sulfate moieties) and 0.71 (amino moieties) and of 6‐deoxy‐6‐(2‐aminoethyl) cellulose sulfate (AECS, DSSulf = 1.41, DSDAE = 0.85, DSTosyl ≈0.09) is studied by using several types of titrations. The amounts of protonated amino groups determined by conductometric titration are 4.02 and 2.53 mmol g−1 for BAECS and AECS, respectively. The amino groups are fully deprotonated at pH ≥ 11, whereas the sulfate moieties determined by polyelectrolyte titration are fully dissociated at this pH value. Furthermore, studies on the antimicrobial and antithrombogenetic efficiencies of the samples are carried out.
Glucose hypermetabolism in the thalamus of patients with hemifacial spasm
Authors: Shimizu Megumi , Suzuki Yukihisa , Kiyosawa Motohiro , Wakakura Masato , Ishii Kenji , Ishiwata Kiichi , Mochizuki Manabu
Published: February 2012

The purpose of this study was investigate functional alteration in the brains of patients with hemifacial spasm using positron emission tomography (PET). We studied cerebral glucose metabolism using PET with 18F‐fluorodeoxyglucose in 13 patients with right lateral hemifacial spasm and 13 with left lateral hemifacial spasm. All patients underwent 2 PET scans before treatment (active state) and after treatment (suppressive state) with the botulinum neurotoxin type A. At the time of the PET scans, the severity of the spasm was rated according to the Jankovic Disability Rating Scale. We also used magnetic resonance imaging to evaluate the grade of neurovascular compression in each patient using scores of 1 to 3 (1 = mild, 3 = severe). Fifty‐two normal volunteers were examined as controls. Compared with controls, patients with right and left hemifacial spasm showed bilateral cerebral glucose hypermetabolism in the thalamus in both the active and suppressive states. However, thalamic glucose metabolism after the suppressive state was significantly reduced compared with that in the active state using region of interest analysis. There was a positive correlation between the severity of the spasm in the active state and the score of neurovascular compression (rs = 0.65) that was estimated using Spearman order correlation coefficient. We observed bilateral cerebral glucose hypermetabolism in the thalamus of patients with hemifacial spasm. The thalamic glucose hypermetabolism may be attributed to multiple sources, including afferent input from the skin and muscle spindle, antidromic conduction of the facial nerve, and secondary alteration in the central nervous system. © 2012 Movement Disorder Society
Epidural premotor cortical stimulation in primary focal dystonia: Clinical and 18F‐fluoro deoxyglucose positron emission tomography open study
Authors: Lalli Stefania , Piacentini Sylvie , Franzini Angelo , Panzacchi Andrea , Cerami Chiara , Messina Giuseppe , Ferré Francesca , Perani Daniela , Albanese Alberto
Published: February 2012

The aim of this study was to evaluate the efficacy and safety of epidural premotor stimulation in patients with primary focal dystonia. Seven patients were selected: 6 had cervical dystonia and 1 had right upper limb dystonia. In 2 patients, sustained muscle contractions led to a prevalently fixed head posture. Patients with cervical dystonia received a bilateral implant, whereas the patient with hand dystonia received a unilateral implant. Neurological and neuropsychological evaluations were performed before surgery (baseline), and 1, 3, 6, and 12 months afterward. The Burke‐Fahn‐Marsden scale (BFMS) and the Toronto Western spasmodic torticollis rating scale (TWSTRS) were administered at the same time points. Patients underwent resting 18F‐fluorodeoxyglucose (FDG) positron emission tomography (PET) scans, before and 12 months after surgery. No adverse events occurred. An overall improvement was observed on the BFMS and TWSTRS after surgery. Patients with prevalently fixed cervical dystonia had a reduced benefit. Presurgical neuroimaging revealed a significant bilateral metabolic increase in the sensorimotor areas, which was reduced after surgery. © 2012 Movement Disorder Society
Total bounded variation‐based Poissonian images recovery by split Bregman iteration
Authors: Liu Xinwu , Huang Lihong
Published: February 2012

This paper presents a new total bounded variation regularization‐based Poissonian images deconvolution scheme. Computationally, an extended split Bregman iteration is described to obtain the optimal solution recursively. Moreover, the rigorous convergence analysis of the proposed algorithm is also expatiated here. Compared with the computational speed and the recovered results of the total variation‐based method, numerical simulations definitely demonstrate the competitive performance of the proposed strategy in Poissonian images restoration. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Soliton spin manipulation using an optical add‐drop filter
Authors: Mitatha S. , Glomglome S. , Teeka C. , Yupapin P. P.
Published: February 2012

By using the optical add‐drop filter which is formed by a microring resonator.After a dark soliton pulse is fed into an input port of the add‐drop filter, the orthogonal soliton pair (dark and bright solitons) can be formed within the system and detected simultaneously at the output ports. Under the resonant condition, the conversion of dark and bright solitons corresponding to the left‐hand and right hand soliton orientations can be generated and seen. Whenever a soliton(photon) is absorbed by an object, an angular momentum of either +h or −h is imparted to the object, in which two possible soliton states known as soliton spins are exhibited and confirmed by the helical phase presentation. In application, the train of orthogonal solitons, that is, many solitons (photons) with slightly different wavelengths can be generated by using the modified add‐drop filter, which is available for many soliton spin investigations. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Microwave Opt Technol Lett 54:1100–1103, 2012; View this article online at wileyonlinelibrary.com. DOI 10.1002/mop.26671
Design of a UWB wide‐slot antenna with 5.2‐/5.8‐GHz dual notched bands using modified electromagnetic band‐gap structures
Authors: Yang Yi , Yin Ying‐Zeng , Sun An‐Feng , Jing Shao‐Hong
Published: February 2012

In this article, a novel ultra‐wideband (UWB) wide‐slot antenna with dual band‐notched characteristics is proposed. The original UWB antenna is composed of a fork‐shaped feed structure and a ground plane with a quasi‐semicircular slot. The 5.2‐/5.8‐GHz wireless local area network notched bands are realized by the introduction of modified mushroom‐type semicircular electromagnetic band‐gap structures. The antenna is etched on a 35 × 35 mm2 substrate. The measured results show that the proposed antenna achieves a wide impedance bandwidth (VSWR < 2) from 2.73 to over 12 GHz with dual notched bands (VSWR > 2) covering 4.55–5.46 GHz and 5.68–6.35 GHz successfully. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Microwave Opt Technol Lett 54:1069–1075, 2012; View this article online at wileyonlinelibrary.com. DOI 10.1002/mop.26672
Strong FEM Formulation for quasi‐static analysis of shielded striplines in anisotropic homogeneous dielectric
Authors: Mančić Žaklina J. , Petrovic Vladimir V.
Published: February 2012

We present the strong finite element method formulation for 2D closed electrostatic problems in anisotropic homogeneous dielectric. Hierarchical higher (arbitrary) order strong basis functions are applied. Results for effective permittivity and characteristic impedance of shielded striplines are given and compared with results obtained by a commercial software. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Microwave Opt Technol Lett 54:1001–1006, 2012; View this article online at wileyonlinelibrary.com. DOI 10.1002/mop.26676
Numerical and experimental investigations of defected ground triangular‐shaped power divider for C‐band applications
Authors: Ahmed Osama M. H. , Elboushi A. , Sebak Abdel‐Razik , Denidni Tayeb A.
Published: February 2012

In this letter, the numerical and experimental investigation of triangular‐shaped microstrip power divider is designed for C‐band applications using defected ground structure (DGS).Numerical simulations are carried out using different computer‐aided design tools based on different numerical techniques, i.e., Ansoft HFSS and CST Microwave Studio. Good agreement is found between the calculated results using both HFSS and CST. A parametric study is carried out to address the effect of DGS parameters on the performance of the proposed triangular‐shaped microstrip power divider. A power divider prototype is fabricated and tested experimentally. Measured results agree well with numerically calculated results. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Microwave Opt Technol Lett 54:1022–1028, 2012; View this article online at wileyonlinelibrary.com. DOI 10.1002/mop.26685