bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Stability analysis of carbon emission reduction based on evolutionary game model
Authors: Lin Jialin , Lan Mengxin , Wang Xiaoxuan , Zeng Ming , Sun Chenjun
Published: July 2020

Based on the limited rationality of game participants, this paper discusses the root of complexity in cooperative competition game, and then discusses the evolutionary model of cooperative competition game by using evolutionary game theory. This paper analyzes the emission reduction behavior in carbon emissions, and establishes a corresponding evolutionary game model. Based on the assumption of incomplete information and the idea of “replication dynamics” in the process of biological evolution, the asymptotical stability analysis of asymmetric evolutionary game equilibrium is carried out. The results show that the carbon reduction strategy depends on the comparison the numerical value of two key factors.
Comprehensive utilization study of waste red brick in urban reconstruction
Authors: Wang Yibo , Huang Jinming , Wu Tongtong , Huang Jieyun , Liu Yingxin
Published: July 2020

With the progress of the society and the promotion of “three old reconstruction”, the output of waste red brick and other construction wastes increases year by year. If not used properly, waste red brick will produce potential harm. For solid waste, the treatment principle is “three”: reduction, harmless and resources. Waste red brick is a spatial-temporal displacement of resources, with a wide range of applications, listed as follows: production of building materials, recovery or utilization of the useful components, road and dam, production of agricultural fertilizer and soil improvement, goaf backfill, soil reclamation, and in daily life reuse, etc. The chemical composition of waste red brick includes SiO2, Al2O3 and various other metal oxides. Because of the composition of SiO2 and various metal oxides, waste red brick has been widely used.
Research on Method of the Flow Passage Condition Monitoring and Diagnosis for Steam Turbine
Authors: Wang Jiayong , Deng Debing , Zhao Qingsen , Xu Shiming
Published: July 2020

Monitoring and diagnosis of the steam turbine flow passage is the most important premise to achieve the power plant condition maintenance. The existing characteristic flow area of steam turbine changes with main steam flow and can not accurately reflect the flow passage state of steam turbine. In order to reflect the state change in turbine passage accurately, the characteristic flow area of steam turbine stage should be investigated in the same main steam flow. Because main steam flow on-line measuring method accuracy is deficient, a new method based on the exhaust pressure of IP cylinder as character parameter of main steam flow is proposed, and a correction method which takes the impact of the heat regenerative system on main steam flow into consideration is presented. Meanwhile, in the diagnostic process, the measuring result is strongly influenced by the system inevitable measuring error which directly affects the deviation between the characteristic flow area and its standard. Thus confidence intervals of characteristic flow area is given to eliminate the system errors. Finally, the actual diagnostic example in the article indicates the practicability of the method. It can be used to diagnose the flow passage of steam turbine and provide reliable basis to find out the steam turbine potential.
Analysis of the status and key technical issues of self-provided power plants in the future comprehensive energy application field
Authors: Zhu Lingkai , Zhang Haijing , Wang Weishuai , Du Ying , Zhang Wenxiu , Lou Jie
Published: July 2020

Many problems have been exposed in the development of the self-provided power plants, how to reform the self-provided power plants is very important. The construction of a comprehensive energy system covering self-provided power plants has become a new reference idea, which can guide the development of self-provided power plants in the direction of comprehensive energy. This article first introduces the development status of self-provided power plants and the concept of integrated energy system in detail, then analyses the potential relationship between self-provided power plants and integrated energy systems based on the characteristics of self-provided power plants, and then introduces three main applications of the self-provided power plants in the field of integrated energy applications in the future, and finally put forward the main problems related to the smart development of captive power plants and give some relevant suggestions.
Research Status Quo and Exploration for Calcination and Activation Mechanism of Mullite Prepared from Gangue
Authors: Duan Bin , Liu Wanyi , Hu Qilin
Published: July 2020

The preparation of mullite refractory materials is one of the main applications of the current comprehensive utilization of gangue. In practice, it is found that it is not ideal to prepare mullite through direct calcination of gangue at high temperature. With reference to the preparation process of gangue cement clinker, it is necessary to perform the calcination and activation of gangue to increase its activity. The research on the gangue calcination and activation mechanism focuses on the change in the chemical compositions and microstructure. The author summarized and sorted a large amount of reference information and concluded that the gangue calcination and activation mechanism is that the chemical activity is changed due to the transformation of kaolinite dehydration to metakaolinite and caused by the change in the interlayer structure of kaolinite.
Design and optimization of noise barrier based on mechanical analysis of ANSYS
Authors: Peng Lei , Li Li , Zhou Yongyan , Fan Xiaopeng , Zou Zhuanglei , Li Linyong , Wang Yibo
Published: July 2020

In order to ensure the structural strength of the noise barrier and optimize its design, in this paper, the Finite Element Analysis software ANSYS is used to model the noise barrier, and the mechanical properties are analyzed. The effects of different numbers of reinforcing ribs on the deformation and stress of the noise barrier under natural wind are studied. From the perspective of wind load, load bearing and bolt strength, the number of reinforcing ribs of the noise barrier is optimized. The results show that the structural strength of our self-developed noise barrier can meet the requirements. This design method provides guarantee for the future engineering design and application.
Research on Key Technologies of Safety Production in Coal Enterprises
Authors: Liu Na , Zheng Juaner
Published: July 2020

According to the production characteristics of coal enterprises in China, this paper analyzes the causes of production accidents, summarizes the key factors that should be considered in the process of safety production of coal enterprises, and then puts forward the key technology system of safety production of coal enterprises in China, which provides a basis for improving the production safety of coal enterprises in China, and also provides a reference for the production of foreign coal enterprises.
Research on Green Technology for Energy-saving and Emission-reduction of New Gymnasium Building Construction
Authors: Yu Tianbo , Chen Xin , Liu Wei
Published: July 2020

In recent years, the continuous development of China’s science and technology has built a large number of sports venues. In order to ensure the high performance of the construction venues and environmental protection requirements, we have improved the construction of the stadium in this article, and the buildings with excessive energy consumption Parts and building facilities have been trimmed and improved, and at the same time, through improvements to the lighting system and air conditioning system, the overall energy-saving performance of the gymnasium building has reached a new high-tech technical venue, which has played a role in the later construction. Good reference.
Experiment and Analysis of Thermal Error of Boring-Milling Center Spindle
Authors: Zhao Yue , Xu Yuanjun , Tao Lin , Zhao Yuan
Published: July 2020

Taking the spindle of the boring-milling machining center as the research object, analyzes the heat source of the spindle, and uses FILR infrared camera and API spindle analyzer measurement system to design a thermal error experimental detection scheme for the spindle system. The temperature field and thermal deformation of the spindle system. Understanding and grasping the thermal deformation of the spindle system under different operating conditions during operation provides basic data support for the optimization design and compensation of the spindle system.
An Integrated Forecasting Model for Electricity Demand in a Power System Considering Time Difference between Criteria
Authors: Huo Huijuan , Liu Yijiang , Ma Tiannan , Wang Hongjin , Lu Yanchao
Published: July 2020

As China’s economy enters a stage of high-quality development, the trend of the power demand has changed and can affect the investment and construction of power industry. A series of key criteria impacting on power demand were sorter out to build a power demand index system currently. The time difference correlation analysis was applied to classify these criteria as precursor, consistency and lag index. The power demand index based on the three categories of criteria were fitted based on the multivariate statistical analysis. Then the comprehensive power demand index was assembled to forecast the electric power demand from 2020 to 2022 in China based on the current policy and economic situation.
Analysis of Performance and Stability Factors of Vehicle Ethanol Gasoline for Motor Vehicle
Authors: Li Zhenhua , Zhang Suya , Cao Feng
Published: July 2020

Ethanol gasoline is a new type of clean energy which is formed by mixing fuel ethanol and ordinary gasoline in a certain proportion. The use of ethanol gasoline in motor vehicles can reduce the emissions of exhaust pollutants and improve the engine performance, but there are also problems such as low combustion calorific value, strong corrosion and easy stratification. Based on the comparison of physical and chemical properties of ethanol and gasoline, the octane number, calorific value, oxygen content, latent heat of vaporization and ignition limit of ethanol gasoline were analyzed. The main problems are discussed in this paper, and the factors affecting the stability of ethanol gasoline are analyzed from three aspects of temperature, water content and ethanol content.
Analysis of influence of large-scale External power on East China Power Grid
Authors: Xu Lingjun , Sang Da , Zhang Xiaohu
Published: July 2020

The reliability of external power is of great significance to the protection of regional power, with the continuous development of grid structure, the ability of accept external power has been greatly improved. However, the continuous increase of the external power has posed new challenges to the power consumption and the peak regulation and the safe and stable operation of the power grid. According to the present situation and development planning of East China Power Grid, the influence of large-scale external power on East China Power Grid is analysed. The results show that the external power sent to East China Power Grid in the future should not be too large, and East China Power Grid should speed up the construction of pumped storage power stations, and give full play to the role of platform, and comprehensively configure and utilize external power sources in the area, which can promote the safe and stable operation of the power grid.
Numerical Simulation of the Heat Transfer Characteristics of Spray Cooling With Different Spray Conditions
Authors: Zhao Liang
Published: July 2020

As an efficient cooling method, spray cooling has been studied by many formers. While the heat transfer characteristics is quite complicated, many influence factors are not clear. In the present paper, three main influence factors, the heat temperature, the spray angle and the nozzle position are numerically studied by founding a two-phase flow model based on the Euler-Lagrangian method. The results shows that when the flow rate of the coolant large enough, the surface temperature and the total heat transfer flux would increase almost linearly proportional to the heat temperature. The spray angle increase could improve the heat transfer efficiency. The larger nozzle position will lead to higher heat transfer efficiency with a certain scope optionally. Due to atomizing construction, the temperature in the central of the heat would be higher, which should be pay more attention in the actual application.
Experimental Study of the Onset of Nucleate Boiling in Vertical Narrow Channels
Authors: Su Shunyu
Published: July 2020

Heat transfer mechanism in flow boiling through vertical narrow channels differs from that in larger circular tubes with diameters more than 10mm due to the increased surface forces. Basing on the experimental data, the main factors which have influence on heat flux of the onset of nucleate boiling (ONB), such as mass flux, system pressure and dimension of the narrow channel, are analyzed in this paper. The empirical correlation which used to calculate heat flux of the onset of nucleate boiling in vertical narrow annular channels in similar conditions is given here. The calculation results of this correlation are compared with the experimental data and agree well with it while the deviation is less than ±15%. And it’s concluded that narrow channels could enhance flow boiling heat transfer.
Analysis of development prospect and restrictive factors of pumped Storage Power Station
Authors: Xu Lingjun , Li Gang , Sang Da , Zhong Na
Published: July 2020

The development prospect of pumped storage power stations (PSPP) in China is analysed in this paper on the basis of summarize of the development history of PSPP in China and abroad, and combined with the development characteristics of PSPP, and from the point of view of the geographical distribution, the development trend of future energy and national policy, then the factors restricting the development of PSPP are analysed from the aspects of incentive mechanism and electricity price policy. It also puts forward some suggestions to promote the healthy and sustainable development of PSPP, in order to provide reference for the related research of PSPP.
Ferroresonance Analysis of 500kV GIS Substation during Commissioning Process
Authors: Zhang Dewen , Hu Xiaoxu , Zhang Hongda , Yu Hao , Shen Yubo
Published: July 2020

Ferroresonance is an important factor affecting the security and stability operation of Gas Insulated Switchgear (GIS) substation. The nonlinearity of excitation characteristic of inductance elements with iron cores is the fundamental cause for exciting ferroresonance. A 500kV GIS substation is taken into account in this paper, a variety of operating conditions which may excite ferroresonance during the commissioning process are analyzed by a numerical simulation method. The comparison with actual commissioning results shows that ferroresonance will be excited by opening circuit breakers to switch off no-load buses during the commissioning process. For single-phase electromagnetic potential transformer (PT), ferroresonance can be effectively suppressed by connecting damping resistance in parallel with residual winding temporarily.
Feasibility Study on the Audible Noise Measurement of Partial Discharge in Transformer Oil
Authors: Lu Ling , Hu Wei , Cai Wei , Peng Xiaofeng , She Kai , Zhao Xuhui , Wu Xiaowen
Published: July 2020

Partial discharge fault detection based audible noise is a kind of new method. This paper set up a needle-plate discharge system, and investigates the feasibility of measuring the audible noise of partial discharge in transformer oil. A needle-plate discharge system is built, and audio noise of partial discharge inside and outside of transformer oil is measured by a microphone and a specially designed hydrophone. According to signal processing, it’s found that the characteristics of internal and external noise have good consistency on time domain wave, spectrum distribution, and time-frequency distribution, except that the former is much larger than the latter in amplitude. The experiment results show that it’s feasible to measure the noise of partial discharge in the transformer oil and have significant advantage in signal to noise ratio.
Simulation Application and Research of Relay Protection Project under Virtual Reality Technology
Authors: Li Xianqi , Zhang Junwei , Luo Qiang , Wang Chong
Published: July 2020

The accurate and fast action of relay protection devices is an important guarantee for the safe and stable operation of power systems. In order to overcome the limitations of traditional training, this paper builds a simulation system of relay protection for substations based on virtual reality technology, so that trainees cannot only pass the man-machine Interactive operation to understand the appearance and basic operation of the equipment intuitively, and to check the action of the relay protection equipment under different faults through fault settings. Practical application shows that the system is of great significance to improve the quality of staff and ensure the safe and stable operation of the power system.
Simulation of multi-layer antireflection film for crystalline silicon solar cell
Authors: Ma Xinjian
Published: July 2020

Based on the design theory of single-layer, double-layer and multi-layer antireflection films, the thickness and refractive index of each layer of three-layer antireflection films are designed and calculated. The theoretical results of double-layer and three-layer antireflection films was simulated by PC1D, and reflectance, internal and external quantum efficiency and device characteristics of solar cells with double-layer and three-layer antireflection coatings were comparative studied. The results show that the three-layer antireflection film has a wider wavelength response range and higher external quantum efficiency, and the conversion efficiency of the three-layer antireflection film Crystalline silicon solar cells is improved by 0.2% compared with the double-layer antireflection film Crystalline silicon solar cells.
Study on the evaluation model of new energy real-time consumption capacity considering dynamic constraints of network sources
Authors: Kong Bojun , Wang Huichao , Chen Yan , Wu Jiajia , Wang Le , Fan Yongpu
Published: July 2020

In order to accurately evaluate the real-time consumption capacity of new energy considering the dynamic coordination of network sources in real-time scale, a new energy real-time consumption capacity evaluation model considering the dynamic constraints of network sources is established. Firstly, according to the operation plan of thermal power unit, the transmission plan of tie line, the regulation margin of transformer ratio and the capacity of each node’s reactive device, the dynamic constraint of network source is set. Then, according to the grid parameters, the real-time prediction of new energy station operation and the real-time prediction of each node load demand, the line power flow security, node power balance, node voltage security and new energy station operation constraints are set. Finally, two optimization objectives of new energy active power maximum and minimum consumption are set up, and a new energy real-time consumption capacity evaluation model considering the dynamic constraints of network sources is established, which takes the active and reactive power of thermal power unit, the active and reactive power of tie line, the transformer transformation ratio, the reactive capacity of reactive device switching, and the active and reactive power of new energy as decision variables. The validity of the model is verified by 4-node system.
Frequency Stability Assessment of Power System Using Frequency Stability Indices and Artificial Neural Newwork
Authors: Yang Ke , Sun Wen
Published: July 2020

Frequency stability assessment (FSA) is an evaluation of a dynamic behavior in power system under severe contingency. One of the significant approach in FSA is using frequency stability indices (FSI) to evaluate the performance of the power system and identify the stability status of the power system. Many methods for frequency stability assessment is Time Domain Simulation, Frequency Stability Index and Individual Generator’s Frequency referred to Slack Generator’s Frequency.
Online Verification method of Relay Protection Settings Based on ETAP software
Authors: Zhang Zhong , Kang Yong , Xie Xintao
Published: July 2020

In order to solve the limitations of the “pre-set, real-time action, and regular check” working mode of traditional relay protection in offshore oil field platform grids, an online verification method of relay protection settings based on ETAP software was proposed. The real-time operating status of the current power system is obtained through the EMS system, then short-circuit calculation of various faults performed automatically under the current operation mode. The protection cooperation analysis module of ETAP software is used to realize the real-time online verification of relay protection settings. According to the matching principle of the time-current characteristic (TCC) curve, the TCC curve is graphically adjusted to meet the current protection cooperation requirements. Finally, the validity of the method is verified by engineering example simulation of a platform grid in the Bohai Sea.
Application and Performance Analysis of Intelligent Soft Materials in Oil and Gas Exploitation
Authors: Wang Xiaohui , Qi Guangfeng , Zhao Jingang , Li Zengqiang , Peng Jie , Yue Wei , Fan Lu
Published: July 2020

In deep-sea oil and gas development, the problem faced by traditional materials is to consider the driving force of new material application. Soft matter science involves many fields such as mechanics, physics, biology, materials, chemistry and so on. It is regarded as a science in the 21st century and has received widespread attention in the world in recent years. The composition of soft matter is complex, and its motion does not depend on the atomic or molecular scale quantum mechanical action in the constituent units. During installation and service of deep water oil and gas transmission pipelines, the stress conditions are complicated, which not only meet the conditions of single load such as external hydrostatic pressure and bending moment, but also meet the conditions of combined action of external hydrostatic pressure and bending moment. The research and large-scale application of the physical mechanism of intelligent materials will lead to a major revolution in the development of material physics science. This paper analyzes the application and performance of intelligent soft materials in oil and gas exploitation.
Design of One Limb Movement Power Generation Device
Authors: Li Yanfang , Han Zhiyin , Cui Chengmei
Published: July 2020

Portable electronic products are playing an increasingly important role in people’s lives, but the continuous power supply problem outdoors has increasingly become the bottleneck for its development, moreover, it also often makes people not get a good experience due to inadequate power. In allusion to the above problems, one kind of limb movement power generation device was designed. This device is composed of crank and connecting rod mechanism, speed-increasing gear set micro-generator and so on, and it converts the kinetic energy of human movement into electrical energy, stores electrical energy to storage battery or directly supplies for electronic products, in order to solve the continuous power supply problem outdoors for portable electronic products, active exploration has been made.
Study of a deep LSTM model for power prediction of micro-combustor
Authors: Si Hongyu , Liang Xiaohui , Liu Suxiang , Hua Dongliang , Hou Dong , Xu Meirong , Liu Sijie , Mei Ning
Published: July 2020

A deep “long short-term memory” (LSTM) model, which is a special recurrent neural network (RNN) in deep learning, was established. Data from orthogonal experiments of the micro-combustor was used for training the model. A nonlinear mapping of output power to the geometric parameters of the micro-combustor was built. After changing the geometric parameters of the micro-combustor, the output power was predicted, and the corresponding results were analyzed. The results show that the model from the deep LSTM has a relative error of 1.1% in power prediction, which is within the scope of engineering requirements.
Archaea diversity of reclaimed soil in the coal gangue hill
Authors: Sun Qing , Chen Xiaonan , Ma Zongqin , Cao Huizheng , Wang Wenxing
Published: July 2020

Coal gangue is the most discharged solid waste in the process of coal mining. The coal gangue hill formed by stacking brings serious environmental pollution to the surrounding environment. The vegetation reconstruction of the coal gangue hill is one of the effective ways to solve the huge accumulation of coal gangue and environmental restoration. The growth of plants can affect the number and diversity of soil microorganisms, while microorganisms can promote soil nutrient cycling. Current reports have focused mainly on bacteria, actinomycetes and fungi, but little is known about the composition and function of archaea in the coal gangue reclamation soil. In this study, PCR-16S rRNA gene high-throughput sequencing technology was used to investigate the diversity of archaea in the coal gangue soil reconstructed by vegetation, to enrich the ecological assessment of coal gangue hill. The results showed that the species richness and diversity of archaea were great different in different sampling sites. Thaumarchaeota (>90%) and SCG (>90%) was the absolute dominant phylum and class of archaea in the gangue soil, respectively. Identified dominant genus was unidentified_SCG (5.5%), and more than 90% of archaea genera were unidentifiable, indicating a large number of unknown archaea resources in this soil environment. SCG, as a kind of chemoautotrophic ammonia oxidizing archaea, plays potential roles in nitrogen cycling of the coal gangue reclamation soil.
Extraction of anthocyanin from purple-fleshed potato through ultrasound-assisted extraction
Authors: Xu Haoxi , Huang Mixue , Liu Lei
Published: July 2020

In this study, the ultrasound-assisted extraction was utilized to extract anthocyanin from purple-fleshed potato, and the extraction process was optimized in the selection of various conditions of extracting agent, solid-liquid ratio, ultrasound time. In addition, single factor experiment and orthogonal experiment were carried out, which determined that the highest extraction efficiency of anthocyanin from purple-fleshed potato was achieved at the purple-fleshed potato-to-extracting agent ratio of 1:50 (g/mL), the ratio of 0.2% hydrochloric acid extracting agent to 50% ethanol at 2:3, and the ultrasound time of 15 min.
Emergency Response Mechanism and Improvement of Hazardous ChemicalsAccidents in Qing Yang City
Authors: Gai Ke , Chen Wanchun , Zhong Shan
Published: July 2020

This paper analyzes the distribution of hazardous chemicals production enterprises and the construction of rescue teams. In order to further strengthen and perfect the emergency mechanism of hazardous chemicals in our city, the problems in the safety management of hazardous chemicals production enterprises in our city are analyzed, and related requirements are put forward, so as to reduce the occurrence of hazardous chemicals accidents and reduce the degree of hazards. It is also recommended that enterprises and governments establish a sound accident emergency response system, and use emergency plans, emergency resources, emergency command, and emergency response to build a safe emergency response platform for hazardous chemicals. In order to improve the accident emergency mechanism.
Treatment Technology of Difficult-Biodegradable Printing and Dyeing Waste-Water
Authors: Liu Qiang
Published: July 2020

The pollution of printing and dyeing waste-water mainly comes from dyes. In the process of printing and dyeing, different dyeing processes produce different pollutants, resulting in the difference of their properties. The treatment of printing and dyeing waste-water, according to the difference of technical principles, mainly includes seven treatment technologies: physical method, biochemistry method, physical chemistry method, ozone oxidation method, Fenton reagent oxidation method, photocatalytic oxidation method and wet (catalytic) oxidation method. Different treatment methods are used for waste-water with different properties and concentrations. Biochemical decomposition of organic matter in waste-water by microbial metabolism is a common method for the treatment of printing and dyeing waste-water.
Experimental study on AMD treatment by SRB biodegradation in a UASB reactor
Authors: Ma Sai , Guo Zhongquan , Zheng Pengsheng , Yang Jianchao
Published: July 2020

According to the water quality characteristics of acid mine drainage (AMD), sulfate removal from simulated AMD by sulfate reducing bacteria (SRB) was improved in a UASB bioreactor. In the meanwhile, the influences of C/S ratio, pH, temperature, and HRT on sulfate removal rate were analyzed to obtain the optimal operation parameters. The results show that under the optimal operation conditions of C/S = 3.0, pH = 6.5, T = 35°C, and HRT = 10 hours, the maximum removal rate of sulfate (86.3%) is reached with an influent sulfate concentration of 2 000 m/L and an effluent sulfate concentration of 274 mg/L which satisfies the local mine drainage discharge standard (500 mg/L). Different from other traditional desalting technologies, the reduction of salinity is realized in this study by removing sulfate from AMD during SRB biodegradation process.
Effect of Calcination Temperature on the Performance of Multi-Component Impregnated Catalysts
Authors: Zhang Yongli , Zhang Yongxun
Published: July 2020

The catalyst Cu-Fe-Pd-La/γ-A12O3(ratio 1:1:1:3) was used to treat simulated printing and dyeing waste-water by CWAO method. The calcination temperature was set to 350, 450, 550, 650, 750, 850 °C in order. The results showed that as the calcination temperature increases, the decolorization rate of the catalyst treatment waste-water decreases, and the metal stripping concentration of the waste-water decreases. At the five temperatures set, the decolorization rate of the waste-water was 97.20%, 97.04 %, 97.92 %, 97.86 %, 95.59 %, and 98.92 % in turn. The dissolved Cu and Fe concentrations of the waste-water at 60 minutes were 0.32 mg/L and 49.15 mg/L, respectively. The catalyst has good catalytic activity and stability.
The Chitosan/Zeolite Composite Adsorbed Fluoride Ions from Eryuan Hot Spring Water in Yunnan Province
Authors: Deng Chao , Xiang Pengzhi
Published: July 2020

With chitosan as the carrier, the introduction of zeolite to form the composites can adsorb fluorine ion, examines the composite eryuan hot springs for adsorption, this paper investigated the adsorption time, solution pH, the single factor’s influence on adsorption, and use the corresponding optimization test the adsorption solution pH, adsorption temperature, composite material inputs, the results show that at room temperature and chitosan and zeolite ratio 0.06 under the condition of the best quality, the best condition of optimization for pH = 5.2, material mass is 4.4 g/L, Degree of adsorption time is 72 min, to predict the optimal value of 98.91%, in order to verify the reliability of the experiment, fluorine ion adsorption for validation of eryuan hot springs samples, the actual adsorption rate was 96.87%, the model predicted values is 2.04% which is accords with the theoretical value, the experimental results show that the composite material adsorption effect is good and it has potential application value.
Research on Organic Removal of Food Processing Waste-Water Based on Watershed Water Protection
Authors: Wang Yibo , Chen Luoru , Chen Xin , Liu Yingxin , Huang Jinming , Wu Tongtong , Li Yuying , Huang Jieyun
Published: July 2020

If the waste water from the production of candied fruit, as one of the non-staple foods, is not treated up to the standard and discharged directly into the surface watershed. It will inevitably cause the pollution of the watershed water and affect the safety of production and domestic water. The biodegradable index of candie waste-water is higher than 0.45 due to the large amount of sugar, which is easily biodegradable. Because of the high value of BOD5, anaerobic fermentation method was adopted. The digestible sludge from the sewage treatment plant was taken and put into the plastic bucket with a ratio of 2:28 sludge waste water. The pollution index value of waste water was significantly reduced when the reaction was 60 h. The COD in the waste-water decreased by 1480.6 mg/L, and the COD removal rate reached 49.6%. The BOD5 of waste-water decreased by 793.6 mg/L, and the BOD5 removal rate reached 50.1%. The turbidity of waste-water decreased from 110.8NTU to 69.3 NTU, the turbidity decreased by 41.5 NTU, and the turbidity removal rate of waste-water reached 37.5%.
Study on Heterogeneous Catalyst Classification Based on CWAO Process of Organic Waste-Water
Authors: Zhang Yongxun , Wang Yibo
Published: July 2020

Catalytic wet air oxidation (CWAO) technology has the characteristics of wide application range, high organic matter removal rate, low secondary pollution and high efficiency, etc., and it has significant effects on the treatment of difficult biodegradable organic waste-water. According to the homogeneity of the phases of the catalytic reaction system, the catalytic reactions can be divided into two categories: homogeneous catalysis and heterogeneous catalysis. The reported catalysts or their active components mainly include four categories: metal salts, metals/supports, oxides/supports, and composite oxides/supports.
On the relationship between network connectivity and group performance in small teams of humans: experiments in virtual reality
Authors: Barak-Ventura Roni , Richmond Samuel , Hasanyan Jalil , Porfiri Maurizio
Published: July 2020

Optimizing group performance is one of the principal objectives that underlie human collaboration and prompts humans to share resources with each other. Connectivity between individuals determines how resources can be accessed and shared by the group members, yet, empirical knowledge on the relationship between the topology of the interconnecting network and group performance is scarce. To improve our understanding of this relationship, we created a game in virtual reality where small teams collaborated toward a shared goal. We conducted a series of experiments on 30 groups of three players, who played three rounds of the game, with different network topologies in each round. We hypothesized that higher network connectivity would enhance group performance due to two main factors: individuals’ ability to share resources and their arousal. We found that group performance was positively associated with the overall network connectivity, although registering a plateau effect that might be associated with topological features at the node level. Deeper analysis of the group dynamics revealed that group performance was modulated by the connectivity of high and low performers in the group. Our findings provide insight into the intricacies of group structures, toward the design of effective human teams.
The Hospital Frailty Risk Score—outcomes in specialised services
Authors: Imam Towhid , Konstant-Hambling Rob , Fluck Richard , Hall Nathan , Palmer James , Conroy Simon
Published: July 2020

Background

Frailty is increasingly used to risk stratify older people, but across specialised services there is no standardised approach. The aim of this study was to assess if the Hospital Frailty Risk Score (HFRS) could describe outcomes for older people within English specialised services.

Design

A retrospective cohort study was performed using the Secondary Uses Service (SUS) electronic database for people aged 75 or older admitted between April 2017 and March 2018.

Methods

Based on HFRS, the populations were risk stratified into mild, moderate and severe frailty risk. The relationships with length of stay, readmission rate, mortality and some selected condition specific treatment complications were quantified using descriptive statistics.

Results

Very few individuals (<2%) could not be risk stratified for frailty risk. Frailty was differentially distributed across the specialties; around one-third had mild frailty; another third had moderate frailty and one-quarter severe frailty. Increasing frailty risk was associated with increased length of stay for the index admission, more days in hospital in the year following intervention and increased risk of dying in hospital. Severe frailty was a powerful discriminator of the risk of death; between 25 and 40% of those with severe frailty risk died at 30 months across all specialties.

Conclusions

This study demonstrates the first application of the HFRS to a national dataset to describe service outcomes and mortality for older people undergoing a range of specialised interventions. This information could be used to identify those that might benefit from holistic assessment, aid prognostication, commissioning and service planning.
Differing Age-Specific Cervical Cancer Incidence Between Different Types of Human Papillomavirus: Implications for Predicting the Impact of Elimination Programs
Authors: Vänskä Simopekka , Luostarinen Tapio , Lagheden Camilla , Eklund Carina , Kleppe Sara Nordqvist , Andrae Bengt , Sparén Pär , Sundström Karin , Lehtinen Matti , Dillner Joakim
Published: July 2020

The elimination of cervical cancer rests on high efficacy of human papillomavirus (HPV) vaccines. The HPV type distribution among cases of invasive cervical cancer (ICC) is used to make predictions about the impact of eliminating different types of HPV, but accumulating evidence of differences in age-specific cancer incidence by HPV type exists. We used one of the largest population-based series of HPV genotyping of ICCs (n = 2,850; Sweden, 2002–2011) to estimate age-specific ICC incidence by HPV type and obtain estimates of the cancer-protective impact of the removal of different HPV types. In the base case, the age-specific ICC incidence had 2 peaks, and the standardized lifetime risk (SLTR, the lifetime number of cases per birth cohort of 100,000 females) for HPV-positive ICC was 651 per 100,000 female births. In the absence of vaccine types HPV 16 and HPV 18, the SLTR for ICC was reduced to 157 per 100,000 female births (24% of HPV-positive SLTR). Elimination of all 9 types that can currently be vaccinated against reduced the remaining SLTR to 47 per 100,000 female births (7%), the remaining ICC incidence only slowly increasing with age. In conclusion, after elimination of vaccine-protected HPV types, very few cases of ICC will be left, especially among fertile, reproductive-age women.
Probabilistic Quantification of Bias to Combine the Strengths of Population-Based Register Data and Clinical Cohorts—Studying Mortality in Osteoarthritis
Authors: Turkiewicz Aleksandra , Nilsson Peter M , Kiadaliri Ali
Published: July 2020

We propose combining population-based register data with a nested clinical cohort to correct misclassification and unmeasured confounding through probabilistic quantification of bias. We have illustrated this approach by estimating the association between knee osteoarthritis and mortality. We used the Swedish Population Register to include all persons resident in the Skåne region in 2008 and assessed whether they had osteoarthritis using data from the Skåne Healthcare Register. We studied mortality through year 2017 by estimating hazard ratios. We used data from the Malmö Osteoarthritis Study (MOA), a small cohort study from Skåne, to derive bias parameters for probabilistic quantification of bias, to correct the hazard ratio estimate for differential misclassification of the knee osteoarthritis diagnosis and confounding from unmeasured obesity. We included 292,000 persons in the Skåne population and 1,419 from the MOA study. The adjusted association of knee osteoarthritis with all-cause mortality in the MOA sample had a hazard ratio of 1.10 (95% confidence interval (CI): 0.80, 1.52) and was thus inconclusive. The naive association in the Skåne population had a hazard ratio of 0.95 (95% CI: 0.93, 0.98), while the bias-corrected estimate was 1.02 (95% CI: 0.59, 1.52), suggesting high uncertainty in bias correction. Combining population-based register data with clinical cohorts provides more information than using either data source separately.
Gene Expression Changes in the Skin of Patients Undergoing Medial Thigh Liposuction With Pre-Surgical and Post-Surgical Application of Topical Products
Authors: Ziegler Mary E , Claytor Brannon , Bell Michaela , Casas Laurie , Widgerow Alan D
Published: July 2020

Background

Skin topical preconditioning before and after surgical procedures is a relatively new concept, particularly in relation to the efficient removal of tissue breakdown products. Clinical trials demonstrate improvements, such as less induration, when surgery is combined with topical product preconditioning and with usage post-surgery.

Objectives

This trial aimed to assess the efficacy of such a regimen at the molecular level through gene expression studies in combination with clinical assessments.

Methods

Six women who underwent medial thigh liposuction administered either a bland moisturizer or the experimental topical products to each side of the surgical area twice daily. Biopsies were taken before any topical application, at 2 and 4 weeks after liposuction. An inflammation-related gene expression analysis was conducted to compare the different conditions. In addition, the degree of induration was assessed in a blinded manner.

Results

Compared with the bland moisturizer, the experimental group demonstrated a hastened immune inflammatory response moving more rapidly to an anti-inflammatory reversal at 2 weeks followed by a wound healing extracellular remodeling effect at 4 weeks. This matched the clinical picture depicting less induration with the treatment.

Conclusions

For patients undergoing body procedures, a topical treatment with the Alastin induces an accelerated healing response, inducing the clearance of “waste” products and the induction of anti-inflammatory genes. Furthermore, this topical treatment stimulates extracellular matrix remodeling, which ultimately leads to less induration.

Level of Evidence: 5
Method combining BAC film and positive staining for the characterization of DNA intermediates by dark-field electron microscopy
Authors: Benureau Yann , Moreira Tavares Eliana , Muhammad Ali-Akbar , Baconnais Sonia , Le Cam Eric , Dupaigne Pauline
Published: July 2020

DNA intermediate structures are formed in all major pathways of DNA metabolism. Transmission electron microscopy (TEM) is a tool of choice to study their choreography and has led to major advances in the understanding of these mechanisms, particularly those of homologous recombination (HR) and replication. In this article, we describe specific TEM procedures dedicated to the structural characterization of DNA intermediates formed during these processes. These particular DNA species contain single-stranded DNA regions and/or branched structures, which require controlling both the DNA molecules spreading and their staining for subsequent visualization using dark-field imaging mode. Combining BAC (benzyl dimethyl alkyl ammonium chloride) film hyperphase with positive staining and dark-field TEM allows characterizing synthetic DNA substrates, joint molecules formed during not only in vitro assays mimicking HR, but also in vivo DNA intermediates.
Novel translational phenotypes and biomarkers for creatine transporter deficiency
Authors: Mazziotti Raffaele , Cacciante Francesco , Sagona Giulia , Lupori Leonardo , Gennaro Mariangela , Putignano Elena , Alessandrì Maria Grazia , Ferrari Annarita , Battini Roberta , Cioni Giovanni , Pizzorusso Tommaso , Baroncelli Laura
Published: July 2020

Creatine transporter deficiency is a metabolic disorder characterized by intellectual disability, autistic-like behaviour and epilepsy. There is currently no cure for creatine transporter deficiency, and reliable biomarkers of translational value for monitoring disease progression and response to therapeutics are sorely lacking. Here, we found that mice lacking functional creatine transporter display a significant alteration of neural oscillations in the EEG and a severe epileptic phenotype that are recapitulated in patients with creatine transporter deficiency. In-depth examination of knockout mice for creatine transporter also revealed that a decrease in EEG theta power is predictive of the manifestation of spontaneous seizures, a frequency that is similarly affected in patients compared to healthy controls. In addition, knockout mice have a highly specific increase in haemodynamic responses in the cerebral cortex following sensory stimuli. Principal component and Random Forest analyses highlighted that these functional variables exhibit a high performance in discriminating between pathological and healthy phenotype. Overall, our findings identify novel, translational and non-invasive biomarkers for the analysis of brain function in creatine transporter deficiency, providing a very reliable protocol to longitudinally monitor the efficacy of potential therapeutic strategies in preclinical, and possibly clinical, studies.
Evaluation of general practitioners’ single-lead electrocardiogram interpretation skills: a case-vignette study
Authors: Karregat Evert P M , Himmelreich Jelle C L , Lucassen Wim A M , Busschers Wim B , van Weert Henk C P M , Harskamp Ralf E
Published: July 2020

Background

Handheld single-lead electrocardiograms (1L-ECG) present a welcome addition to the diagnostic arsenal of general practitioners (GPs). However, little is known about GPs’ 1L-ECG interpretation skills, and thus its reliability in real-world practice.

Objective

To determine the diagnostic accuracy of GPs in diagnosing atrial fibrillation or flutter (AF/Afl) based on 1L-ECGs, with and without the aid of automatic algorithm interpretation, as well as other relevant ECG abnormalities.

Methods

We invited 2239 Dutch GPs for an online case-vignette study. GPs were asked to interpret four 1L-ECGs, randomly drawn from a pool of 80 case-vignettes. These vignettes were obtained from a primary care study that used smartphone-operated 1L-ECG recordings using the AliveCor KardiaMobile. Interpretation of all 1L-ECGs by a panel of cardiologists was used as reference standard.

Results

A total of 457 (20.4%) GPs responded and interpreted a total of 1613 1L-ECGs. Sensitivity and specificity for AF/Afl (prevalence 13%) were 92.5% (95% CI: 82.5–97.0%) and 89.8% (95% CI: 85.5–92.9%), respectively. PPV and NPV for AF/Afl were 45.7% (95% CI: 22.4–70.9%) and 98.8% (95% CI: 97.1–99.5%), respectively. GP interpretation skills did not improve in case-vignettes where the outcome of automatic AF-detection algorithm was provided. In detecting any relevant ECG abnormality (prevalence 22%), sensitivity, specificity, PPV and NPV were 96.3% (95% CI: 92.8–98.2%), 68.8% (95% CI: 62.4–74.6%), 43.9% (95% CI: 27.7–61.5%) and 97.9% (95% CI: 94.9–99.1%), respectively.

Conclusions

GPs can safely rule out cardiac arrhythmias with 1L-ECGs. However, whenever an abnormality is suspected, confirmation by an expert-reader is warranted.