bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Uptake and Transfer of Heat Within the Firn Layer of Greenland Ice Sheet's Percolation Zone
Authors: Saito Jun , Harper Joel , Humphrey Neil
Published: June 2024

The thermal field within the firn layer on the Greenland Ice Sheet (GrIS) governs meltwater retention processes, firn densification with surface elevation change, and heat transfer from the surface boundary to deep ice. However, there are few observational data to constrain these processes with only sparse in situ temperature time series that do not extend through the full firn depth. Here, we quantify the thermal structure of Western Greenland’s firn column using instrumentation installed in an elevation transect of boreholes extending to 30 and 96 m depths. During the high‐melt summer of 2019, heat gain in the firn layer showed strong elevation dependency, with greater uptake and deeper penetration of heat at lower elevations. The bulk thermal conductivity increased by 15% per 100 m elevation loss due to higher density related to ice layers. Nevertheless, the conductive heat gain remained relatively constant along the transect due to stronger temperature gradients in the near surface firn at higher elevations. The primary driver of heat gain during this high melt summer was latent heat transfer, which increased up to ten‐fold over the transect, growing by 34 MJ m−2 per 100 m elevation loss. The deep‐firn temperature gradient beneath the seasonally active layer doubled over a 270‐m elevation drop across the study transect, increasing heat flux from the firn layer into deep ice at lower elevations. Our in situ firn temperature time series offers observational constraints for modeling studies and insights into the future evolution of the percolation zone in a warmer climate.
Neoadjuvant camrelizumab (an anti-PD-1 antibody) plus chemotherapy or apatinib (a VEGFR-2 inhibitor) for initially unresectable stage II–III non-small-cell lung cancer: a multicentre, two-arm, phase 2 exploratory study
Authors: Xia Haoran , Zhang Han , Ruan Zheng , Zhang Huibiao , Sun Liangdong , Chen Hezhong , Zhou Yongxin , Zhang Lele , Bian Dongliang , Zhu Xinsheng , Zhang Jing , Sun Fenghuan , Yu Huansha , Song Nan , Liu Xiaogang , Zhu Yuming , Zhang Haiping , He Wenxin , Chen Jian , Yang Jie , Chen Guohan , Xie Shiliang , Tang Dongfang , Zhang Xiaomiao , Duan Liang , Zhao Deping , Li Qinchuan , Zhang Peng , Jiang Gening
Published: June 2024

This multicentre, two-arm, phase 2 study aimed to explore the efficacy and safety of neoadjuvant camrelizumab plus chemotherapy or apatinib in patients with initially unresectable stage II–III non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC). Eligible patients regardless of PD-L1 expression received neoadjuvant camrelizumab 200 mg and platinum-doublet chemotherapy every 3 weeks (arm A) or those with PD-L1-positive tumors received neoadjuvant camrelizumab and apatinib 250 mg once daily (arm B), for 2–4 cycles, followed by surgery. The primary endpoint was major pathological response (MPR) rate. Thirty patients in arm A and 21 in arm B were enrolled. Surgery rates were 50.0% (15/30) in arm A and 42.9% (9/21) in arm B, with all patients achieving R0 resections. Of these patients, the MPR and pathological complete response rates were both 20.0% (95% CI 4.3–48.1) in arm A and were 55.6% (95% CI 21.2–86.3) and 11.1% (95% CI 0.3–48.2) in arm B, respectively. The corresponding objective response rates were 33.3% (95% CI 11.8–61.6) and 55.6% (95% CI 21.2–86.3). With a median follow-up of 22.4 months (95% CI 19.0–26.0), the median event-free survival was not reached (NR; 95% CI 13.6-NR) in arm A and 16.8 months (95% CI 8.6-NR) in arm B. Grade 3 or above treatment-related adverse events occurred in eight (26.7%) patients in arm A and three (14.3%) in arm B. Biomarker analysis showed baseline TYROBP expression was predictive of treatment response in arm B. Neoadjuvant camrelizumab plus chemotherapy or apatinib exhibits preliminary efficacy and manageable toxicity in patients with initially unresectable stage II–III NSCLC.
Antipsychotics possess anti-glioblastoma activity by disrupting lysosomal function and inhibiting oncogenic signaling by stabilizing PTEN
Authors: Jacob John Ryan , Palanichamy Kamalakannan , Chakravarti Arnab
Published: June 2024

The repurposing of medications developed for central nervous system (CNS) disorders, possessing favorable safety profiles and blood-brain barrier permeability, represents a promising strategy for identifying new therapies to combat glioblastoma (GBM). In this study, we investigated the anti-GBM activity of specific antipsychotics and antidepressants in vitro and in vivo. Our results demonstrate that these compounds share a common mechanism of action in GBM, disrupting lysosomal function and subsequently inducing lysosomal membrane rupture and cell death. Notably, PTEN intact GBMs possess an increased sensitivity to these compounds. The inhibition of lysosomal function synergized with inhibitors targeting the EGFR-PI3K-Akt pathway, leading to an energetic and antioxidant collapse. These findings provide a foundation for the potential clinical application of CNS drugs in GBM treatment. Additionally, this work offers critical insights into the mechanisms and determinants of cytotoxicity for drugs currently undergoing clinical trials as repurposing agents for various cancers, including Fluoxetine, Sertraline, Thioridazine, Chlorpromazine, and Fluphenazine.
An analytic theory for the degree of Arctic Amplification
Authors: Zhou Wenyu , Leung L. Ruby , Xie Shang-Ping , Lu Jian
Published: June 2024

Arctic Amplification (AA), the amplified surface warming in the Arctic relative to the globe, is a salient feature of climate change. While the basic physical picture of AA has been depicted, how its degree is determined has not been clearly understood. Here, by deciphering atmospheric heat transport (AHT), we build a two-box energy-balance model of AA and derive that the degree of AA is a simple nonlinear function of the Arctic and global feedbacks, the meridional heterogeneity in radiative forcing, and the partial sensitivities of AHT to global mean and meridional gradient of warming. The formula captures the varying AA in climate models and attributes the spread to models’ feedback parameters and AHT physics. The formula clearly illustrates how essential physics mutually determine the degree of AA and limits its range within 1.5-3.5. Our results articulate AHT as both forcing and feedback to AA, highlight its fundamental role in forming a baseline AA that exists even with uniform feedbacks, and underscore its partial sensitivities instead of its total change as key parameters of AA. The lapse-rate feedback has been widely recognized as a major contributor to AA but its effect is fully offset by the water-vapor feedback.
Dissecting tumor microenvironment from spatially resolved transcriptomics data by heterogeneous graph learning
Authors: Zuo Chunman , Xia Junjie , Chen Luonan
Published: June 2024

Spatially resolved transcriptomics (SRT) has enabled precise dissection of tumor-microenvironment (TME) by analyzing its intracellular molecular networks and intercellular cell-cell communication (CCC). However, lacking computational exploration of complicated relations between cells, genes, and histological regions, severely limits the ability to interpret the complex structure of TME. Here, we introduce stKeep, a heterogeneous graph (HG) learning method that integrates multimodality and gene-gene interactions, in unraveling TME from SRT data. stKeep leverages HG to learn both cell-modules and gene-modules by incorporating features of diverse nodes including genes, cells, and histological regions, allows for identifying finer cell-states within TME and cell-state-specific gene-gene relations, respectively. Furthermore, stKeep employs HG to infer CCC for each cell, while ensuring that learned CCC patterns are comparable across different cell-states through contrastive learning. In various cancer samples, stKeep outperforms other tools in dissecting TME such as detecting bi-potent basal populations, neoplastic myoepithelial cells, and metastatic cells distributed within the tumor or leading-edge regions. Notably, stKeep identifies key transcription factors, ligands, and receptors relevant to disease progression, which are further validated by the functional and survival analysis of independent clinical data, thereby highlighting its clinical prognostic and immunotherapy applications.
Altered chromatin topologies caused by balanced chromosomal translocation lead to central iris hypoplasia
Authors: Sun Wenmin , Xiong Dan , Ouyang Jiamin , Xiao Xueshan , Jiang Yi , Wang Yingwei , Li Shiqiang , Xie Ziying , Wang Junwen , Tang Zhonghui , Zhang Qingjiong
Published: June 2024

Despite the advent of genomic sequencing, molecular diagnosis remains unsolved in approximately half of patients with Mendelian disorders, largely due to unclarified functions of noncoding regions and the difficulty in identifying complex structural variations. In this study, we map a unique form of central iris hypoplasia in a large family to 6q15-q23.3 and 18p11.31-q12.1 using a genome-wide linkage scan. Long-read sequencing reveals a balanced translocation t(6;18)(q22.31;p11.22) with intergenic breakpoints. By performing Hi-C on induced pluripotent stem cells from a patient, we identify two chromatin topologically associating domains spanning across the breakpoints. These alterations lead the ectopic chromatin interactions between APCDD1 on chromosome 18 and enhancers on chromosome 6, resulting in upregulation of APCDD1. Notably, APCDD1 is specifically localized in the iris of human eyes. Our findings demonstrate that noncoding structural variations can lead to Mendelian diseases by disrupting the 3D genome structure and resulting in altered gene expression.
Nanoscale optical nonreciprocity with nonlinear metasurfaces
Authors: Tripathi Aditya , Ugwu Chibuzor Fabian , Asadchy Viktar S. , Faniayeu Ihar , Kravchenko Ivan , Fan Shanhui , Kivshar Yuri , Valentine Jason , Kruk Sergey S.
Published: June 2024

Optical nonreciprocity is manifested as a difference in the transmission of light for the opposite directions of excitation. Nonreciprocal optics is traditionally realized with relatively bulky components such as optical isolators based on the Faraday rotation, hindering the miniaturization and integration of optical systems. Here we demonstrate free-space nonreciprocal transmission through a metasurface comprised of a two-dimensional array of nanoresonators made of silicon hybridized with vanadium dioxide (VO2). This effect arises from the magneto-electric coupling between Mie modes supported by the resonator. Nonreciprocal response of the nanoresonators occurs without the need for external bias; instead, reciprocity is broken by the incident light triggering the VO2 phase transition for only one direction of incidence. Nonreciprocal transmission is broadband covering over 100 nm in the telecommunication range in the vicinity of λ = 1.5 µm. Each nanoresonator unit cell occupies only ~0.1 λ3 in volume, with the metasurface thickness measuring about half-a-micron. Our self-biased nanoresonators exhibit nonreciprocity down to very low levels of intensity on the order of 150 W/cm2 or a µW per nanoresonator. We estimate picosecond-scale transmission fall times and sub-microsecond scale transmission rise. Our demonstration brings low-power, broadband and bias-free optical nonreciprocity to the nanoscale.
MRI-based microthrombi detection in stroke with polydopamine iron oxide
Authors: Jacqmarcq Charlène , Picot Audrey , Flon Jules , Lebrun Florent , Martinez de Lizarrondo Sara , Naveau Mikaël , Bernay Benoît , Goux Didier , Rubio Marina , Malzert-Fréon Aurélie , Michel Anita , Proamer Fabienne , Mangin Pierre , Gauberti Maxime , Vivien Denis , Bonnard Thomas
Published: June 2024

In acute ischemic stroke, even when successful recanalization is obtained, downstream microcirculation may still be obstructed by microvascular thrombosis, which is associated with compromised brain reperfusion and cognitive decline. Identifying these microthrombi through non-invasive methods remains challenging. We developed the PHySIOMIC (Polydopamine Hybridized Self-assembled Iron Oxide Mussel Inspired Clusters), a MRI-based contrast agent that unmasks these microthrombi. In a mouse model of thromboembolic ischemic stroke, our findings demonstrate that the PHySIOMIC generate a distinct hypointense signal on T2*-weighted MRI in the presence of microthrombi, that correlates with the lesion areas observed 24 hours post-stroke. Our microfluidic studies reveal the role of fibrinogen in the protein corona for the thrombosis targeting properties. Finally, we observe the biodegradation and biocompatibility of these particles. This work demonstrates that the PHySIOMIC particles offer an innovative and valuable tool for non-invasive in vivo diagnosis and monitoring of microthrombi, using MRI during ischemic stroke.
Canalization reduces the nonlinearity of regulation in biological networks
Authors: Kadelka Claus , Murrugarra David
Published: June 2024

Biological networks, such as gene regulatory networks, possess desirable properties. They are more robust and controllable than random networks. This motivates the search for structural and dynamical features that evolution has incorporated into biological networks. A recent meta-analysis of published, expert-curated Boolean biological network models has revealed several such features, often referred to as design principles. Among others, the biological networks are enriched for certain recurring network motifs, the dynamic update rules are more redundant, more biased, and more canalizing than expected, and the dynamics of biological networks are better approximable by linear and lower-order approximations than those of comparable random networks. Since most of these features are interrelated, it is paramount to disentangle cause and effect, that is, to understand which features evolution actively selects for, and thus truly constitute evolutionary design principles. Here, we compare published Boolean biological network models with different ensembles of null models and show that the abundance of canalization in biological networks can almost completely explain their recently postulated high approximability. Moreover, an analysis of random N–K Kauffman models reveals a strong dependence of approximability on the dynamical robustness of a network.
Biomedical Data Repository Concepts and Management Principles
Authors: Lin Dawei , McAuliffe Matthew , Pruitt Kim D. , Gururaj Anupama , Melchior Christine , Schmitt Charles , Wright Susan N.
Published: June 2024

The demand for open data and open science is on the rise, fueled by expectations from the scientific community, calls to increase transparency and reproducibility in research findings, and developments such as the Final Data Management and Sharing Policy from the U.S. National Institutes of Health and a memorandum on increasing public access to federally funded research, issued by the U.S. Office of Science and Technology Policy. This paper explores the pivotal role of data repositories in biomedical research and open science, emphasizing their importance in managing, preserving, and sharing research data. Our objective is to familiarize readers with the functions of data repositories, set expectations for their services, and provide an overview of methods to evaluate their capabilities. The paper serves to introduce fundamental concepts and community-based guiding principles and aims to equip researchers, repository operators, funders, and policymakers with the knowledge to select appropriate repositories for their data management and sharing needs and foster a foundation for the open sharing and preservation of research data.
Capturing the antimicrobial profile of Paeonia officinalis, Jasminum officinale and Rosa damascene against methicillin resistant Staphylococcus aureus with metabolomics analysis and network pharmacology
Authors: Shady Nourhan Hisham , Mokhtar Fatma Alzahraa , Mahmoud Basma Khalaf , Yahia Ramadan , Ibrahim Ayman M. , Sayed Nada Ahmed , Samy Mamdouh Nabil , Alzubaidi Mubarak A. , Abdelmohsen Usama Ramadan
Published: June 2024

In the current study, we evaluated the in vitro antibacterial efficacy of the roots’ extracts of Jasminum officinale, Rosa damascene and Paeonia officinalis against MRSA (methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus) by well diffusion technique. The root extract of P. officinalis exerted a potent anti-MRSA with MIC 0.4673 µg/ml, while both J. officinale and R. damascene exhibited very weak activity. Therefore, chemical profiling of the crude extract P. officinalis roots assisted by LC-HR-ESI-MS was performed and led to the dereplication of twenty metabolites of different classes, in which terpenes are the most abundant compounds. On a molecular level, network pharmacology was used to determine the targets of active metabolites to bacterial infections, particularly MRSA. Online databases PubChem, UniProt, STRING, and Swiss Target Prediction were used. In addition to using CYTOSCAPE software to display and analyze the findings, ShinyGO and FunRich tools were used to identify the gene enrichment analysis to the set of recognized genes. The results detected the identified metabolites were annotated by 254 targets. ALB, ACHE, TYMS, PRKCD, PLG, MMP9, MMP2, ERN1, EDNRA, BRD4 were found to be associated with MRSA infection. The top KEGG pathway was the vascular smooth muscle contraction pathway according to enrichment FDR. The present study suggested a possible implication of P. officinalis roots as a potent candidate having a powerful antibacterial activity against MRSA.
PCK1-mediated glycogenolysis facilitates ROS clearance and chemotherapy resistance in cervical cancer stem cells
Authors: Chen Xinxin , Yang Nan , Wang Ying , Yang Shuang , Peng Yuanhong
Published: June 2024

Cervical cancer, one of the most common gynecological cancers, is primarily caused by human papillomavirus (HPV) infection. The development of resistance to chemotherapy is a significant hurdle in treatment. In this study, we investigated the mechanisms underlying chemoresistance in cervical cancer by focusing on the roles of glycogen metabolism and the pentose phosphate pathway (PPP). We employed the cervical cancer cell lines HCC94 and CaSki by manipulating the expression of key enzymes PCK1, PYGL, and GYS1, which are involved in glycogen metabolism, through siRNA transfection. Our analysis included measuring glycogen levels, intermediates of PPP, NADPH/NADP+ ratio, and the ability of cells to clear reactive oxygen species (ROS) using biochemical assays and liquid chromatography–mass spectrometry (LC–MS). Furthermore, we assessed chemoresistance by evaluating cell viability and tumor growth in NSG mice. Our findings revealed that in drug-resistant tumor stem cells, the enzyme PCK1 enhances the phosphorylation of PYGL, leading to increased glycogen breakdown. This process shifts glucose metabolism towards PPP, generating NADPH. This, in turn, facilitates ROS clearance, promotes cell survival, and contributes to the development of chemoresistance. These insights suggest that targeting aberrant glycogen metabolism or PPP could be a promising strategy for overcoming chemoresistance in cervical cancer. Understanding these molecular mechanisms opens new avenues for the development of more effective treatments for this challenging malignancy.
Association of myosteatosis with short-term outcomes in patients with acute-on-chronic liver failure
Authors: Geng Nan , Kong Ming , Zhang Jiateng , Chen Huina , Xu Manman , Song Wenyan , Chen Yu , Duan Zhongping
Published: June 2024

Sarcopenia (low muscle mass, i.e., quantity) is associated with poor clinical outcomes in patients with acute-on-chronic liver failure (ACLF). In this study, we aimed to illustrate the clinical prognostic value of myosteatosis (muscle fat infiltration) for short-term mortality in patients with ACLF. We retrospectively enrolled consecutive patients with ACLF between January 2019 and January 2022. Computed tomography-based body composition analysis was performed at the third lumbar vertebral level to determine skeletal muscle radiation attenuation. Fine and Gray’s competing risk regression model, with liver transplantation as a competing risk, was used to assess the factors associated with 90-day mortality. A total of 431 patients with ACLF were included. Myosteatosis and sarcopenia were observed in 261 (60.6%) and 87 (20.2%) patients, respectively. Competitive risk regression showed that age (HR 1.021, 95% CI 1.000–1.043, P = 0.042), APASL ACLF Research Consortium (AARC) score (HR 1.498, 95% CI 1.312–1.710, P < 0.001), and sarcopenia (HR 1.802, 95% CI 1.062–3.060, P = 0.029) were independently associated with increased 90-day mortality. Subgroup analysis of male patients with HBV-ACLF revealed that myosteatosis (HR 2.119, 95% CI 1.101–4.078, P = 0.025) was promising prognostic factors for 90-day mortality after being adjusted for ascites, acute kidney injury, AARC score, and sarcopenia. Myosteatosis is predictive of short-term outcomes in male patients with HBV-ACLF. Our results emphasise the importance of focusing on muscle fat infiltration in patients with HBV-ACLF. Further studies are warranted to investigate the underlying mechanisms and potential therapies for myosteatosis.
Force and power requirement for development of cumin harvester: a dynamic approach
Authors: Kumar Mohit , Sahoo Pramod Kumar , Kushwaha Dilip Kumar , Mani Indra , Pradhan Nrusingh Charan , Patel Abhishek , Tariq Aqil , Ullah Sajid , Soufan Walid
Published: June 2024

An experimental setup was developed for simulating the field conditions to determine the force and power required for cutting cumin crops in dynamic conditions. The effect of cutter bar speeds, forward speeds, and blade type on cutting force and power requirement for cutting cumin were also studied. Experiments were carried out at three levels: cutter bar speeds, forward speeds, and blade type. The results showed that all the factors significantly affected cutting force. The cutting force followed a decreasing trend with the increase in cutter bar speed. Whereas it followed an increasing trend with the increase in forward speed. The maximum cutting force for all three blades was observed at a cutter bar speed of 2.00 strokes.s-1 and forward speed of 0.46 m.s−1. The idle power and actual power required for cutting the cumin crop were also determined based on the cutting force. The results obtained were validated by the power drawn from the power source while operating the cutter bar blades. The R2 values for Blade-B1, Blade-B2, and Blade-B3 were 0.90, 0.82, and 0.88, respectively. The cutting force was primarily affected by the cutter bar speed, resulting in PCR values of 74.20%, 82.32%, and 81.75% for Blade-B1, Blade-B2, and Blade-B3, respectively, followed by the forward speed, which also had an impact on PCR values of 16.60%, 15.27%, and 18.25% for Blade-B1, Blade-B2, and Blade-B3, respectively. The cutting force for Blade-B1, Blade-B2, and Blade-B3 varied from 15.96 to 58.97 N, 21.08 to 76.64 N, and 30.22 to 85.31, respectively, for the selected range of cutter bar speed and forward speed. Blade-B1 had 18 and 30% less power consumption than Blade-B2 and Blade-B3, respectively.
Study on the creation of boronate affinity-based oriented imprinted silica nanoparticles and their selective recognition toward glycopeptide antibiotics in food and water
Authors: Hong Dongfeng , Nie Caijian , Gao Liujing , Liu Yifan
Published: June 2024

Taking into account the drug resistance of antibiotics, teicoplanin has been banned in the veterinary field.
Anchoring of NiCox alloy nanoparticles on nitrogen vacancy-rich carbon nitride nanotubes toward promoting efficiently photocatalytic CO2 conversion into solar fuel
Authors: Zhang Qingqing , Tao Bo , Zhao Chen , Zhao Zongyan , Wu Hui , Zhong Xiaohui , Zou Zhigang , Zhou Yong
Published: June 2024

Anchoring of NiCox alloy nanoparticles onto nitrogen vacancy-rich carbon nitride nanotubes with porous structure was well designed toward promoting efficiently photocatalytic conversion of CO2 into solar fuels in the presence of water vapor.
Self-healing, stretchable and recyclable polyurethane-PEDOT:PSS conductive blends
Authors: Kim Jinsil , Fan Jiaxin , Petrossian Gayaneh , Zhou Xin , Kateb Pierre , Gagnon-Lafrenais Noemy , Cicoira Fabio
Published: June 2024

Conductive materials obtained from blends of polyurethane, PEDOT:PSS and PEG show exceptional stretchability, toughness, and self-healing properties. Moreover, these materials can be recycled, retaining their mechanical and electrical properties.
Bio-gel nanoarchitectonics in tissue engineering
Authors: Song Jingwen , Lyu Wenyan , Kawakami Kohsaku , Ariga Katsuhiko
Published: June 2024

Nanoarchitectonics may be highly compatible with applications in biological systems. Construction strategies and functions of bio-gel nanoarchitectonics in medical applications and tissue engineering are discussed.
Structure-aware dual-target drug design through collaborative learning of pharmacophore combination and molecular simulation
Authors: Chen Sheng , Xie Junjie , Ye Renlong , Xu David Daqiang , Yang Yuedong
Published: June 2024

AIxFuse learns to fuse pharmacophores to generate potential dual-target drugs through collaborative learning by Monte Carlo tree search and machine learning.
A water-soluble, cell-permeable Mn(ii) sensor enables visualization of manganese dynamics in live mammalian cells
Authors: Kahali Smitaroopa , Das Sujit Kumar , Kumar Ravinder , Gupta Kunika , Kundu Rajasree , Bhattacharya Baivabi , Nath Arnab , Venkatramani Ravindra , Datta Ankona
Published: June 2024

A water-soluble, cell-permeable, turn-on Mn2+ sensor visualizes Mn2+ dynamics live and provides an estimate for endogenous labile Mn2+ in a living mammalian cell.
Polymer design for solid-state batteries and wearable electronics
Authors: Stakem Kieran G. , Leslie Freddie J. , Gregory Georgina L.
Published: June 2024

Delving into the tools empowering polymer chemists to design polymers for roles as solid electrolytes, multifunctional binders and active electrode materials in cutting-edge solid-state batteries and wearable devices.
Kinetically controlled synthesis of low-strain disordered micro–nano high voltage spinel cathodes with exposed {111} facets
Authors: Li Zhi-Qi , Liu Yi-Feng , Liu Han-Xiao , Zhu Yan-Fang , Wang Jingqiang , Zhang Mengke , Qiu Lang , Guo Xiao-Dong , Chou Shu-Lei , Xiao Yao
Published: June 2024

A micro–nano spherical spinel LiNi0.5Mn1.5O4 cathode material with highly exposed {111} facets has been designed. This unique structure could inhibit manganese dissolution, facilitate Li+ diffusion, and mitigate volumetric strain during cycling.
An enzymolysis-induced energy transfer co-assembled system for spontaneously recoverable supramolecular dynamic memory
Authors: Wang Xuanyu , Gao Zhao , Tian Wei
Published: June 2024

We have demonstrated an enzyme-controlled co-assembly system featuring time-dependent energy transfer, realizing spontaneously recoverable supramolecular dynamic memory with programmable, non-destructive, and compact dynamic memory properties.
Highlights from the 57th Bürgenstock Conference on Stereochemistry 2024
Authors: Mosquera Jesús , Bismuto Alessandro
Published: June 2024

Herein, we share an overview of the scientific highlights from speakers at the latest edition of the longstanding Bürgenstock Conference.
SACNN‐IDS: A self‐attention convolutional neural network for intrusion detection in industrial internet of things
Authors: Qathrady Mimonah Al , Ullah Safi , Alshehri Mohammed S. , Ahmad Jawad , Almakdi Sultan , Alqhtani Samar M. , Khan Muazzam A. , Ghaleb Baraq
Published: June 2024

Industrial Internet of Things (IIoT) is a pervasive network of interlinked smart devices that provide a variety of intelligent computing services in industrial environments. Several IIoT nodes operate confidential data (such as medical, transportation, military, etc.) which are reachable targets for hostile intruders due to their openness and varied structure. Intrusion Detection Systems (IDS) based on Machine Learning (ML) and Deep Learning (DL) techniques have got significant attention. However, existing ML and DL‐based IDS still face a number of obstacles that must be overcome. For instance, the existing DL approaches necessitate a substantial quantity of data for effective performance, which is not feasible to run on low‐power and low‐memory devices. Imbalanced and fewer data potentially lead to low performance on existing IDS. This paper proposes a self‐attention convolutional neural network (SACNN) architecture for the detection of malicious activity in IIoT networks and an appropriate feature extraction method to extract the most significant features. The proposed architecture has a self‐attention layer to calculate the input attention and convolutional neural network (CNN) layers to process the assigned attention features for prediction. The performance evaluation of the proposed SACNN architecture has been done with the Edge‐IIoTset and X‐IIoTID datasets. These datasets encompassed the behaviours of contemporary IIoT communication protocols, the operations of state‐of‐the‐art devices, various attack types, and diverse attack scenarios.
Engineering technologies in energy saving: The impact of engineering technologies on the operating costs of enterprises
Authors: Malev Nikolay , Paytaeva Kometa , Bolotkhanov Elimkhazhi
Published: June 2024

Leading energy companies worldwide continue their investments in digital solutions, marking a significant advancement in their transformation journey. While the initial phase of digitalization in the electric power sector focused on specific areas, the current phase emphasizes comprehensive implementation of digital solutions across the entire technological spectrum. Digital technologies now play a pivotal role in predicting and modeling various processes, objects, and events, as well as in equipment design and modernization, energy infrastructure operation and management, and human resource development. The ongoing digitalization agenda in the electricity industry centers around the deployment of second-generation smart meters. It is projected that globally, six out of ten households will have these meters installed by 2028. Notably, the market for such devices necessitates periodic updates. Although the first wave of smart meter implementation commenced over 15 years ago, achieving full household coverage remains incomplete in many countries.The evolution towards intelligent metering devices aligns with the broader concept of the Internet of Energy, aiming to foster integration among all industry stakeholders through modern digital solutions.
Ensuring the affordability of financial resources for the agro-industrial complex as a factor in achieving sustainable development goals
Authors: Tretyakova Svetlana , Tupikin Artem , Adymkhanov Lema
Published: June 2024

The article examines theoretical approaches to determining financial accessibility in terms of achieving sustainable development goals. Conclusions are drawn about the need to shift the focus from physical to affordability in the context of the development of digital technologies. The role of the affordability of loans, in particular for organizations of the agroindustrial sector, is shown. A comparative analysis of the dynamics of the indicators of the cost of loans and the key rate was carried out, which allowed us to conclude that monetary policy instruments have a significant impact on the availability of loans for the agricultural sector. The dynamics of the coefficient of autonomy of agricultural enterprises is shown, reflecting a decrease in the availability of borrowed capital. The negative impact of changes in the conditions of preferential lending to agricultural organizations on the availability of financial resources has been revealed. It is proposed to take into account the identified trends in the development of monetary policy by the central bank.
Integrating Sustainability Principles into Russian Higher Education
Authors: Nikiforova Marina , Skvortsova Irina
Published: June 2024

The paper analyses the principles and goals of sustainable development and their implementation in higher education. The authors provide a review of the key UN documents on sustainability and particularly stress the dual function of education both as a goal of sustainable development and as its tool in achieving other crucial goals. The authors also highlight the significant changes in Russian higher education by illustrating how sustainability principles are being integrated into the universities’ strategic framework, programmes and curricular.
Social infrastructure of rural areas
Authors: Ogorodnikova Ekaterina , Khokholush Maria , Kocherian Maksim , Rostovtsev Konstantin
Published: June 2024

The relevance of the study is due to the need to obtain comprehensive ideas about the social infrastructure of rural areas of the Russian Federation. The purpose of the article is to analyse the features of rural infrastructure development in rural areas. The results of the study show that the public sector prevails in the field of medical services, while organizations of the commercial and non-profit sectors are present in the field of social services.
Sharing economy and relations as a direction of rational consumption in the Russian Federation
Authors: Titovets Alice Yurievna , Alekseeva Elena Vladislavovna , Zvereva Valeria Valerievna , Ermakova Victoria Alekseevna
Published: June 2024

The trends of "rational consumption" and "resource conservation" are gaining popularity in the context of sustainable development and environmental care. The practical implementation of these trends is the sharing economy and relationships. Within the framework of the article, the theoretical aspects of the rank economy and relations are considered, the main characteristics, types and advantages of the rank economy and relations are presented. The authors analyzed and presented the general results of the development of the rank economy and relations in the countries of the world. The article analyzes the development of the Sherino economy and relations in Russia. It is determined that the Russian line economy is developing more slowly than the world economy, which is explained by the unwillingness of the population to participate in sharing relationships. The authors present an analysis and forecast values of the development of three segments of the Russian sharing economy: carsharing, kicksharing and foodsharing. Based on the analysis carried out, the article identifies the main problems hindering the development of the sharing economy and relations in Russia, namely: legal regulation; the mentality of the population; increasing threats to information security; high depreciation of fixed assets of companies providing sharing services, VAT on products, hindering the development of foodsharing; the lack of uniform terminology and distinctive characteristics of business models of sharing by industry, official systematized statistical data on sharing relationships. Despite the existing problems, the sharing economy and relations have a fairly high potential for development in the Russian Federation. The authors present the main directions and prospects for the development of sharing relations in Russia. It is necessary to develop the sharing economy primarily through the popularization of sharing relationships and services among the population.
Systematization of legal regulation as a mechanism of public administration and regulatory assessment
Authors: Alekhina E.S. , Nadtoka S.V.
Published: June 2024

Introduction. In modern conditions of the development of legal relations, legal regulation seems to be insufficiently effective due to a number of reasons: the lack of a unified approach to public administration, an excessive number of legislative prescriptions, the disintegration of legal regulation elements, inconsistency of regulatory requirements, as well as fragmentation in the activities of government bodies. In scientific discourse, the solution of these problems is possible only if legal regulation is systematized and legislation is optimized. The systematization of legal regulation can solve many regulatory issues and lead to the improvement of public administration. Materials and Methods. The methodological base of the research consists of a compilation of general scientific and private scientific methods: analytical, logical, structuring, as well as comparative legal, formal legal and predictive, aimed at a detailed study of regulatory processes, their content stages, principles and functions. Research results. The main purpose of the legal regulation systematization is to optimize legislation by prioritization laws and regulations through their integration into a single system. In the most general form, the legal assessment should be based on factual data and relevant research conducted by expert organizations and scientific centers. In this regard, the main condition for the development of the legal system is the cooperation of the government with representatives of business and public, the use of modern technologies, the transformation of legal regulation structures based on practically applicable results and requirements. Discussion and Conclusions. In this direction, the practically applicable regulations are the prioritization of legislative elements, the competent distribution of powers, the coordination of stages and functions of legal regulation in the process of introducing new mechanisms and methods of public administration.
Current state of mixed-Calligonum (Calligonum L.) type of pastures in North-Western Kyzylkum (Uzbekistan)
Authors: Sharipova Vasila , Rakhimova Nodira , Rakhimova Tashkhanim , Sadinov Zhasur
Published: June 2024

The article presents the current state of mixed-Calligonum(Calligonum L.) type of pastures in Northwestern Kyzylkum. As a result of the research, its area, the nature of the soil cover, the percentage of projective cover, landscape plant species, forage yield, and the recommended seasonality of pasture type use were determined. It should be emphasized that due to the highest nutritional value and yield of the forage mass of saxaul, seline, sedge and comb, seline-saxaul-Calligonum pasture variety (PR), saxaul-Calligonum PG, in some places with comb, saxaul-Calligonum PG with wormwood, sedge-saxaul- Calligonum PR with wormwood and syngreen are “depleted pastures”. The nutritional value of feed and the accumulated feed supply indicate a uniform distribution of indicators across the seasons. In this regard, this pasture type is recommended for use all the year round. Pasture lands and its fodder require reasonable management. The optimal way of the preservation and renewal assurance of pasture vegetation is standardized and regulated grazing.
Measuring natural and recreational potential using Land Use/Land Cover Classification (LULC) for tourism development in mountainous regions: A case study of the Kyrgyz Republic
Authors: Darylkan kyzy Koisun , Zhakshylykov Zhyldyzbek , Kadyralieva Bermet , Atyshov Kobogon , Lehnert Lukas
Published: June 2024

The tourism potential of the Kyrgyz Republic, based on the natural and recreational resources of mountainous regions, as well as its biodiversity and historical and cultural heritage, allows the Kyrgyz Republic to integrate into the international tourism market and achieve intensive development of the tourism sector in the country. Consequently, we aimed to combine information about land use/land cover (LULC) with the potential for outdoor activities to develop and to provide recommendations to potential stakeholders about tourism development. This was achieved by combining a literature review, remote sensing, and geographical information systems (GIS). We studied changes in the LULC of the Naryn and Issyk Kul regions over 27 (1994 to 2021) and 24 years (1997 to 2021), respectively. The analysis before us showed that glaciers were shrinking in the Issyk-Kul region, and in the Naryn region, they increased. In the future, in developing a tourist concept, first of all, it is necessary to take into account natural factors, especially the movement of the glaciers of the country. For the development of tourism by type, especially winter tourism, it is very important to consider the trends of all classes of classification of LULC.
Microbiological quality research of water along the Mailuu-Suu River (Kyrgyzstan)
Authors: Egemberdieva Altynai , Kamchybekova Kenzhegul
Published: June 2024

The urgent matter of water quality and its consequences for public health, with a special emphasis on illness indicators linked to the quality of drinking water. This research explains the environmental difficulties faced by the region, particularly due to industrial operations and insufficient water delivery infrastructure, which worsen worries about water contamination. The study approach involves doing microbiological examination of water samples, specifically targeting the identification of pathogenic microorganisms, coliform bacteria, and helminth eggs. The results highlight a notable presence of water pollution, specifically shown by higher concentrations of lactose-positive Escherichia coli, which exceed the acceptable limits. At addition, the study examines health indicators at different sites along the river, uncovering higher incidence of illness in areas with poor water quality. Therefore, the research highlights the urgent necessity for prompt responses to alleviate environmental degradation and protect the well-being of impacted people. In conclusion, the research recommends the adoption of a comprehensive water protection programme together with frequent monitoring efforts to improve water quality standards and reduce the impact of waterborne illnesses. In essence, these guidelines seek to promote sustainable development and safeguard the welfare of the population in polluted areas, requiring collaborative actions from both governmental and non-governmental entities.
Impacts of Climate Change on Soil Organic Matter Composition and Stability in Carbon Polygons
Authors: Satueva Laila , Dzhandarova Luiza , Elmurzaev Ruslan
Published: June 2024

This study investigates the impacts of climate change on soil organic matter (SOM) composition and stability within carbon polygons. Carbon polygons are essential landscape units that play a crucial role in carbon cycling and storage in terrestrial ecosystems. The research utilizes field observations, laboratory analyses, and modeling techniques to assess changes in SOM composition and stability under different climate change scenarios. The findings highlight the sensitivity of SOM to climatic variations, demonstrating shifts in composition and alterations in stability that have implications for carbon sequestration and greenhouse gas emissions. Understanding these impacts is vital for developing effective strategies for soil carbon management and mitigating climate change effects on terrestrial ecosystems.
Assessing Carbon Dynamics in Diverse Ecosystems: The Role of Carbon Polygons
Authors: Gakaev Rustam , Gatsaeva Liana
Published: June 2024

This study delves into the assessment of carbon dynamics across various ecosystems, highlighting the pivotal role of carbon polygons in this endeavor. Carbon polygons serve as essential monitoring sites for evaluating the fluxes of carbon in soils under diverse environmental conditions. By utilizing data from carbon polygons, this research aims to provide insights into the spatial variability of soil organic carbon and its dynamics in different ecosystems. The findings contribute to a better understanding of carbon sequestration processes and the factors influencing carbon stocks in soils. Overall, this study underscores the significance of carbon polygons in elucidating carbon dynamics and informs strategies for effective soil carbon management in diverse ecological settings.
Identification and characterization of genetic markers associated with salinity and abiotic stress tolerance in the Tetradium daniellii acclimatized in Uzbekistan
Authors: Mamadjanova Munavvar , Karimov Bobur , Safarova Shoxsanam , Naralieva Nasibakhon , Kholmatova Mubinabonu , Yusupov Ziyoviddin
Published: June 2024

This study investigated the presence of genetic markers associated with salinity and stress tolerance in Tetradium daniellii using gel electrophoresis. Three markers (CAT, GR, RBOH) were identified out of 12 markers screened that are linked to salinity resistance and olerance to drought, cold, pathogens and cadmium stress. The identification of these markers provides insights into the genetic basis of stress tolerance in T. daniellii.
Wheat alternariasis – problems and possibilities of using grain for fodder purposes
Authors: Timakova Roza T. , Efremova Sania Iu. , Zinoviev Sergey V. , Iliukhin Ruslan V.
Published: June 2024

Safety issues of wheat grain under conditions of deterioration in the biological activity of soil lead to the growth of various fungi, including those of the genus Alternaria. These fungi produce mycotoxins that are dangerous for crops. There is no direct correlation between the levels of main metabolites (tenthoxin, tenazonic acid) and percentage of grain damage. No significant differences in essential amino acid content and digestibility were found compared to national and international standards. Grain quality parameters are characteristic of healthy grains, and nutritional values are within normal limits. At the same time, risks associated with assessment of metabolites from this fungus exist due to unknown extent of damage to grain epidermis, synergistic effects of mycotoxins, and uneven distribution. Therefore, it is necessary to continue research in this area in order to safely use this grain as feed without restrictions.
Erosion dynamics and mitigation strategies for sloping terrains: A study from Chui Valley of Kyrgyzstan
Authors: Degembaeva Nadira , Tynaliev Urmatbek , Atakanov Amanjol , Zhakshylykov Zhyldyzbek , Mambetov Eric
Published: June 2024

The goal of this study was to study the soil loss caused by irrigation and rain run-off on sloping landscapes in Chui Valley of Kyrgyzstan and offering the erosion control and customized irrigation methods. We investigated soil moisture levels on sloped terrains to devise effective furrow irrigation strategies, analyzing moisture contours at various stages within furrows across different experimental setups using Dospekhov’s method. Our research results of the erosion-prone areas in the foothill zone of the Chui Valley has revealed that the primary causes of irrigation erosion are improper implementation of reclamation measures, inadequate agrotechnical methods for irrigated lands, unregulated water usage, poor irrigation quality, absence of emergency discharges, and a mismatch between irrigation equipment and methods with the region's natural and economic conditions. Soil erosion can cause significant damage to agricultural production and negatively impact land productivity. Our hypothesis that the steeper the slope, the higher the nutrient loss from the soil was supported by our experiments. This, in turn, has a detrimental effect on the living standards of the rural population, whose material well-being relies heavily on irrigated farming.