bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Is overparenting harmful to creativity?
Authors: Zheng Wenzhi , Wu Yenchun Jim , Ma Zhanjie , Mai Yingping
Published: December 2019

Heavy parental involvement is widely believed to inhibit creativity. On the basis of this rationale and the self‐creativity literature, this study collected paired data to examine the effects of overparenting (which includes the parental arrangement of daily life affairs and parental involvement in schooling), team learning, and coaching by immediate supervisors on employee creativity (i.e., the creativity of Chinese only‐child millennial employees). The findings are described as follows. First, parental involvement in schooling had a significant and positive effect on employee creativity, and the parental arrangement of daily life affairs was inversely related to employee creativity, as in a U‐shaped relationship. Second, supervisors' coaching behaviours improved employee creativity and partially moderated the relationship between overparenting and employee creativity. Third, team learning moderated the interrelationships between overparenting, coaching behaviours, and employee creativity. This paper discusses the complex factors that shape creativity and provides recommendations regarding the parenting and recruitment of Chinese millennials.
Moving from biodiversity offsets to a target‐based approach for ecological compensation
Authors: Simmonds Jeremy S. , Sonter Laura J. , Watson James E.M. , Bennun Leon , Costa Hugo M. , Dutson Guy , Edwards Stephen , Grantham Hedley , Griffiths Victoria F. , Jones Julia P.G. , Kiesecker Joseph , Possingham Hugh P. , Puydarrieux Philippe , Quétier Fabien , Rainer Helga , Rainey Hugo , Roe Dilys , Savy Conrad E. , Souquet Mathieu , ten Kate Kerry , Victurine Ray , von Hase Amrei , Maron Martine
Published: December 2019

Loss of habitats or ecosystems arising from development projects (e.g., infrastructure, resource extraction, urban expansion) are frequently addressed through biodiversity offsetting. As currently implemented, offsetting typically requires an outcome of “no net loss” of biodiversity, but only relative to a baseline trajectory of biodiversity decline. This type of “relative” no net loss entrenches ongoing biodiversity loss, and is misaligned with biodiversity targets that require “absolute” no net loss or “net gain.” Here, we review the limitations of biodiversity offsetting, and in response, propose a new framework for compensating for biodiversity losses from development in a way that is aligned explicitly with jurisdictional biodiversity targets. In the framework, targets for particular biodiversity features are achieved via one of three pathways: Net Gain, No Net Loss, or (rarely) Managed Net Loss. We outline how to set the type (“Maintenance” or “Improvement”) and amount of ecological compensation that is appropriate for proportionately contributing to the achievement of different targets. This framework advances ecological compensation beyond a reactive, ad‐hoc response, to ensuring alignment between actions addressing residual biodiversity losses and achievement of overarching targets for biodiversity conservation.
Clinical characteristics of patients with bacterial pleuritis in the presence of Streptococcus anginosus group and obligate anaerobes detected by clone library analysis
Authors: Hata Ryosuke , Kawanami Toshinori , Noguchi Shingo , Fukuda Kazumasa , Akata Kentaro , Yamasaki Kei , Saito Mitsumasa , Yatera Kazuhiro , Mukae Hiroshi
Published: December 2019

Introduction

Bacterial pleuritis is one of the most important pleural and respiratory infectious diseases, in addition, there have been no reports describing the clinical characteristics of patients with bacterial pleuritis according to molecular methods. An accurate understanding of the clinical characteristics and etiology of bacterial pleuritis is an issue that must be addressed.

Objectives

The aim of this study was to clarify the clinical characteristics of the bacterial species in bacterial pleuritis.

Methods

Pleural effusion samples were obtained from 29 patients with bacterial pleuritis. The microbiota of pleural effusion samples was analyzed by clone library analysis using the 16S ribosomal RNA gene.

Results

The phylotypes of Fusobacterium spp. (24.1%) were most frequently the predominant phylotypes, followed by those of Streptococcus anginosus group (SAG) (20.7%) and S. aureus (17.2%). The predominant phylotypes of obligate anaerobes, including the Fusobacterium spp., were detected in 11 of 29 patients (37.9%). Patients in the SAG group were significantly older and presented lower serum albumin levels than those in the obligate anaerobe and other bacterial groups. Patients from the obligate anaerobe group took longer to present symptoms, and therefore the diagnosis of pleuritis was also delayed, in comparison to patients in the other bacterial groups.

Conclusions

Our results demonstrated that there were characteristic differences between patients in SAG, obligate anaerobe and other bacterial groups. Physicians may need to consider treatment strategy options based on the clinical characteristics of patients with bacterial pleuritis.
Risk factors of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease exacerbations
Authors: Hogea Stanca‐Patricia , Tudorache Emanuela , Fildan Ariadna Petronela , Fira‐Mladinescu Ovidiu , Marc Monica , Oancea Cristian
Published: December 2019

Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD) is a chronic respiratory disease characterised by persistent respiratory symptoms and airflow limitation. COPD has a major impact on public health, mainly because of its increasing prevalence, morbidity and mortality. The natural course of COPD is aggravated by episodes of respiratory symptom worsening termed exacerbations that contribute to disease progression. Acute Exacerbations of COPD (AECOPD) can be triggered by a multitude of different factors, including respiratory tract infections, various exposures, prior exacerbations, non‐adherence to treatment and associated comorbidities. AECOPD are associated with an inexorable decline of lung function and a significantly worse survival outcome. This review will summarise the most important aspects regarding the impact of different factors that contribute to COPD exacerbations.
Digital Module 09: Sociocognitive Assessment for Diverse Populations https://ncme.elevate.commpartners.com
Authors: Mislevy Robert J. , Oliveri Maria Elena
Published: December 2019

In this digital ITEMS module, Dr. Robert [Bob] Mislevy and Dr. Maria Elena Oliveri introduce and illustrate a sociocognitive perspective on educational measurement, which focuses on a variety of design and implementation considerations for creating fair and valid assessments for learners from diverse populations with diverse sociocultural experiences. The first part of the module, narrated by Dr. Mislevy, contains a general overview section, a description of the sociocognitive framing of assessment issues, and a section on implications for assessment around key concepts such as reliability, validity, and fairness. The second part of the module, narrated by Dr. Oliveri, contains a section on frameworks for fairness investigations and principled assessment design as well as brief vignette‐based illustrations of the principles using a prototype activity to support collaboration and communication skills in the workplace. The module is designed to provide a relatively high‐level, conceptual, and nonstatistical overview and is intended for interdisciplinary team members who need to create fair and equitable learning and assessment systems for diverse populations.
Can we compare haemophilia carriers with clotting factor deficiency to male patients with mild haemophilia?
Authors: Raso Simona , Lambert Catherine , Boban Ana , Napolitano Mariasanta , Siragusa Sergio , Hermans Cedric
Published: December 2019

Introduction

Certain haemophilia carriers demonstrate an increased bleeding tendency, mainly related to clotting factor deficiency. No study has so far formally compared the bleeding phenotype of women and girls with mild FVIII or FIX deficiency and associated management with that of male patients affected by mild haemophilia A and B.

Material and methods

We retrospectively evaluated 44 women and girls with mild FVIII or FIX deficiency (FVIII or FIX 0.05‐0.5 IU/mL) and 77 male patients with mild haemophilia A or B and compared them with respect to clotting factor level, age at and trigger for diagnosis, as well as treatment modalities.

Results

After excluding gender‐related haemorrhagic symptoms, haemophilia carriers with plasma factor levels in the mild haemophilia range and male patients affected by mild haemophilia present a comparable haemorrhagic profile, mainly characterized by mucocutaneous and postinjury bleeding. Haemophilia carriers with clotting factor deficiency, however, distinguish themselves in terms of later age at diagnosis, higher mean factor levels and trigger for diagnosis.

Conclusions

Women and girls with mild FVIII or FIX deficiency should be considered as mild haemophilia patients and have access to care and management inspired from male haemophilia patients while integrating differences and specificities. Larger international studies comparing the clinical presentation and treatment modalities of mild clotting FVIII and FIX deficiencies in both haemophilia males and females should be encouraged.
Tribological behavior of composites fabricated by reactive SPS sintering in Ti‐Si‐C system
Authors: Hadji Youcef , Benamor Abdessabour , Chiker Nabil , Haddad Adel , Tala‐Ighil Nacer , Erauw Jean‐Pierre , Dupont Vedi , Tricoteaux Arnaud , Nivot Christelle , Thuault Anthony , Hadji Mohamed
Published: December 2019

In this study, wear and friction behavior of two based‐composites from the Ti‐Si‐C system, (40 wt% TiC; 28 wt% Ti5Si3; 17 wt% Ti3SiC2) and (18 wt% TiC; 26 wt% Ti5Si3; 41 wt% Ti3SiC2) reinforced by 15 wt% of large size SiC (100‐150 µm) particles were investigated. The four‐phase composites exhibited approximatively the same friction coefficient (µ ~ 0.9) under high loads (10 N and 7 N). The composite with high Ti3SiC2 showed higher wear rate values by one order of magnitude. However, under 1 N, the composite with high TiC content showed a higher running‐in period and a lower steady state µ value (0.37 after 1000 m sliding distance). Scanning electron microscopy, Energy Dispersive X‐Ray and Raman spectroscopy analysis of the worn surfaces of the two composites revealed that oxidation was the dominant wear mechanism. The oxidation process and the removal kinetics of the oxides during sliding controlled the tribological behavior of the composites. The influence of processing variables on microstructures development and wear mechanisms of the composites is discussed.
Dietary fibre extracted from different types of whole grains and beans: a comparative study
Authors: Zhang Duqin , Wang Liping , Tan Bin , Zhang Weiqing
Published: December 2019

Dietary fibre (DF) from different whole grains and beans (quinoa, buckwheat, highland barley, pea and mung bean) was extracted by enzymatic action. The components, crystallinity and properties were comparatively studied. Furthermore, we evaluated correlations between DF components and their crystallinity, thermal, physicochemical and functional properties. Results showed quinoa DF had highest polyphenol (25.58 mg GAE per 100 g), pectin (4.68%) and cellulose (52.34%) contents, crystallinity value (CV, 30.24%), ΔH (185.53 J g−1), water‐holding capacity (WHC, 5.35 g g−1), α‐amylase activity inhibition ratio (α‐AAIR, 13.34%) and glucose absorption capacity (GAC), but lowest protein content (9.78%) and Tp (163.05 °C). Mung bean DF had highest lignin content (33.56%), fat adsorption capacity (4.73 g g−1), and Tp (176.25 °C), but lowest CV (15.26%) and ΔH (132.15 J g−1). Correlation analysis showed cellulose content had positive linear correlations with CV, ΔH, WHC, α‐AAIR and GAC, but a negative correlation with Tp. The structure and properties of DF are largely attributed to cellulose content.
Serum pre‐albumin is prognostic for all‐cause mortality in patients with community‐acquired and post‐operative acute kidney injury
Authors: Zou Yan‐Fang , Xie Jing‐Yuan , Shen Ping‐Yan , Chen Yong‐Xi , Ma Xiao‐Bo , Chen Xiao‐Nong , Ren Hong , Zhang Wen
Published: December 2019

Background

Acute kidney injury (AKI) is a critical clinical syndrome characterised by a rapid decrease in renal filtration, with the accumulation of products of metabolism such as creatinine and urea. In recent years, the incidence of AKI has increased not only in critically ill hospitalised patients but also in community patients. Also, the prognosis of AKI is poor and treatment is limited in these populations. The increasing incidence and poor prognosis may be the reasons why more investigators are involved in epidemiological and risk factor analysis of AKI.

Aims

To investigate the effects of these risk factors on outcomes in both community–acquired and hospitalised AKI populations to provide certain guidance for clinics and to explore the prognostic value of prealbumin on all–cause mortality in patients with community–acquired and post–operative AKI.

Methods

From 2000 to 2010, 477 patients diagnosed with AKI and treated in the Department of Nephrology, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University, were enrolled in the community‐acquired AKI (CA‐AKI) group and 138 patients diagnosed with AKI after an operation were enrolled in the post‐operative AKI (PO‐AKI) group. Data were collected at AKI onset and 1 year after discharge and analysed retrospectively.

Results

Compared with PO‐AKI patients, more patients in CA‐AKI group had chronic kidney disease, obesity and hyperlipidaemia, and fewer patients had cerebrovascular disease (CVD), anaemia, shock or arrhythmia. Risks for CA‐AKI were atherosclerosis, CVD, arrhythmia, multiple organ dysfunction syndrome and usage of vasoactive agents, and risks for PO‐AKI were elderly, arrhythmia and requirement of renal replacement therapy. A higher level of serum PA was associated with a better outcome in the CA‐AKI group (hazard ratio 0.92, 95% confidence interval 0.85–0.996) and PO‐AKI group (hazard ratio 0.91, 95% confidence interval 0.84–0.99). In the CA‐AKI group, the cumulative survival rate of patients with a normal PA level (PA >20 mg/dL) was higher than that among patients with a lower PA (PA ≤20 mg/dL; 95.4% vs 88.3%, P = 0.031). Similarly, in the PO‐AKI group, a normal PA level was associated with a higher survival rate (74.1% vs 47.6%, P = 0.019).

Conclusion

Serum PA may serve as a prognostic marker for CA‐AKI and PO‐AKI, and further research is warranted to confirm this finding.
Association between the introduction of a structured form and the quality of diabetes in pregnancy clinic care
Authors: Bahauddin Adil , Sina Maryam , Simmons David
Published: December 2019

Background

Pregnancy in women with pre‐gestational types 1 (T1DM) and 2 (T2DM) diabetes mellitus can be a clinical challenge. This study assessed the association between introducing a structured diabetes in pregnancy proforma, on the quality of medical record documentation and pregnancy outcomes in women with T1DM and T2DM.

Aims

To evaluate the impact of a proforma on the quality of documenting medical records and pregnancy/neonatal outcomes in women with pre‐gestational diabetes.

Methods

This was a retrospective two‐cycle audit: pre‐ and post‐proforma introduction. The documentation quality was assessed based on the rate of missing pre‐pregnancy/first trimester haemoglobin A1c (HbA1c), third trimester HbA1c, folate intake and dose, retinopathy and nephropathy progression. Changes in pregnancy outcomes were assessed by mode of delivery, preterm delivery, mean third trimester HbA1c, pre‐eclampsia and foetal outcomes.

Results

The pre‐ and post‐proforma periods included 91 and 41 pregnancies, respectively. The quality of documentation improved in the post‐proforma phase with the rate of missing data declining from 63.4% to 36.6% (P = 0.005) for pre‐pregnancy/first trimester HbA1c, 30.8% to 12.2% (P = 0.009) for periconceptional folate intake, 42.9% to 14.6% (P = 0.001) for folate dose, 100% to 31.7% (P < 0.001) for retinopathy progression, 92.3% to 19.5% (P < 0.001) for nephropathy progression and 31.9% to 7.3% (P = 0.016) for third trimester HbA1c. Macrosomia significantly reduced in the second cycle (49% vs 21% P = 0.003).

Conclusion

The quality of documentation improved significantly which is likely attributable to the implementation of the proforma. This study supports the use of structured documentation to reduce variation in care and potentially improve pregnancy outcomes.
Dispatching problems for parallel machines in the TFT‐LCD assembly process
Authors: Ho Jyh‐Wen , Huang Yeu‐Shiang , Fu Chi‐Ting
Published: December 2019

Thin‐film transistor liquid‐crystal displays (TFT‐LCDs) have gradually replaced cathode‐ray tubes because of their compact size and efficient use of power. Since product lifecycles are shortening, consumers require instant order delivery, which affects fluctuations in supply and demand. As various product types in the LCD industry exist, manufacturing time has to be reduced to satisfy consumer demand. This study investigates the dispatching of parallel machines for TFT‐LCD manufacturing. Since customers’ orders and suppliers’ deliveries vary significantly and the manual adjustment of production planning is time consuming, an appropriate production planning and scheduling system is necessary. Consequently, this study develops a genetic algorithm to solve the scheduling problem of unrelated parallel machines, taking account of multiple performance measurement indicators. We also adopt LINGO to solve the problem and compare the obtained solution quality and computation time of the two approaches to justify the effectiveness of the proposed genetic algorithm.
Nursing handovers and patient safety: Findings from an umbrella review
Authors: Bressan Valentina , Mio Moreno , Palese Alvisa
Published: December 2019

Aims

To summarise available reviews on nursing handover (NH) and patient safety (PS), providing a set of evidence‐based recommendations for clinical practice and research.

Design

Umbrella review.

Data sources

We systematically searched PubMed, CINAHL, and Cochrane Library CENTRAL databases up to October 2018.

Review methods

Retrieved reviews were critically evaluated using the Checklist for Systematic Review and Research Syntheses. Then, an iterative approach and two different frameworks were adopted to categorize the findings in: (a) practice; and (b) research recommendations.

Results

A total of 17 reviews were included: among them, 16 reported a range of recommendations for clinical practice to promote PS by reducing adverse events. For what concerns research, 16 reviews recommended specific strategies to improve and strengthen research and its quality in the field of NHs and PS.

Conclusion

Changing nursing handover practices to increase PS is complex: it means changing the culture, roles and behaviour of any given clinical nursing setting. To be effective, the change requires a tailored approach, time and implementation strategies including education and support. Future studies should address the flexibility required by handovers in daily practice and the multiple needs with the aim of increasing the robustness of the available evidence on NHs. These should also embrace the Complex Interventions Research Framework.

Impact

Several reviews have been performed as summaries of research and practice evidence on NHs, but no summary of the established clinical and research recommendations on NHs and PS has been provided to date. Standardized handovers supported by technological solutions, facilitating face‐to‐face contact between nurses, possibly alongside bedside reports, can improve PS. Well‐designed longitudinal studies, on a wide scale, in different settings, based on a strong rationale and focused on measuring the association between handover and patients’ safety issues are recommended.
Autoregressive and random regression test‐day models for multiple lactations in genetic evaluation of Brazilian Holstein cattle
Authors: Silva Delvan Alves , Costa Claudio Nápolis , Silva Alessandra Alves , Silva Hugo Teixeira , Lopes Paulo Sávio , Silva Fabyano Fonseca , Veroneze Renata , Thompson Gertrude , Aguilar Ignacio , Carvalheira Júlio
Published: December 2019

Autoregressive (AR) and random regression (RR) models were fitted to test‐day records from the first three lactations of Brazilian Holstein cattle with the objective of comparing their efficiency for national genetic evaluations. The data comprised 4,142,740 records of milk yield (MY) and somatic cell score (SCS) from 274,335 cows belonging to 2,322 herds. Although heritabilities were similar between models and traits, additive genetic variance estimates using AR were 7.0 (MY) and 22.2% (SCS) higher than those obtained from RR model. On the other hand, residual variances were lower in both traits when estimated through AR model. The rank correlation between EBV obtained from AR and RR models was 0.96 and 0.94 (MY) and 0.97 and 0.95 (SCS), respectively, for bulls (with 10 or more daughters) and cows. Estimated annual genetic gains for bulls (cows) obtained using AR were 46.11 (49.50) kg for MY and −0.019 (−0.025) score for SCS; whereas using RR these values were 47.70 (55.56) kg and −0.022 (−0.028) score. Akaike information criterion was lower for AR in both traits. Although AR model is more parsimonious, RR model assumes genetic correlations different from the unity within and across lactations. Thus, when these correlations are relatively high, these models tend to yield to similar predictions; otherwise, they will differ more and RR model would be theoretically sounder.
Patient perceptions of ambulatory blood pressure monitoring testing, tolerability, accessibility, and expense
Authors: Ringrose Jennifer S. , Bapuji Raj , Coutinho Wade , Mouhammed Omar , Bridgland Lindsay , Carpenter Thirza , Padwal Raj
Published: December 2019

Use of 24‐hour ambulatory blood pressure monitoring is strongly endorsed by contemporary hypertension guidelines. The objective of this study was to assess patient perceptions of ambulatory blood pressure testing, tolerability, accessibility, and expense. A convenience sample of 50, consenting patients undergoing ambulatory blood pressure monitoring at the University of Alberta Hypertension Clinic in Edmonton, Canada was studied. A 16‐item structured questionnaire was administered in person or electronically. Questions regarding the tolerability of ambulatory monitoring were evaluated using a 5‐point Likert scale and wait times, expenditures, and willingness to pay were evaluated by direct questioning. Mean age was 53.1 ± 15.4 years, 32 (64%) were female, and 23 (46%) were employed. Mean 24‐hour ambulatory BP was 134 ± 12/79 ± 8 mmHg. Ambulatory monitoring caused discomfort in 40 (80%) patients and disturbed sleep in 39 (78%). Forty‐one (82%) patients perceived that the home (vs pharmacy, primary care clinic, and speciality care clinic) would be the easiest venue to access future testing. On average, patients waited 27.3 ± 23.7 days for testing; they felt that a wait time of 21.3 ± 12.3 days was appropriate. Mean time taken off work was 8.6 ± 10.8 hours. Twelve (24%) patients indicated that they would be willing to pay out‐of‐pocket to undergo testing sooner, at a mean expenditure of $120 ± 69. Nineteen (62%) patients were willing to buy a monitor and felt that a mean purchase cost of $125 ± 89 was appropriate. These findings extend current knowledge of patient perceptions of ambulatory monitoring and may help to refine and optimize future delivery of this essential test.
Ultra‐Rapid Lispro results in accelerated insulin lispro absorption and faster early insulin action in comparison with Humalog® in Japanese patients with type 1 diabetes
Authors: Shiramoto Masanari , Nasu Risa , Oura Tomonori , Imori Makoto , Ohwaki Kenji
Published: December 2019

Aims/Introduction

Ultra‐rapid lispro (URLi) is a novel ultra‐rapid mealtime insulin. This study compared the pharmacokinetic and glucodynamic profiles, safety, and tolerability of URLi and lispro (Humalog®) in Japanese patients with type 1 diabetes mellitus.

Materials and Methods

This was a phase I, single center, randomized, patient‐ and investigator‐blind, two‐period, cross‐over study. A total of 31 patients received a single subcutaneous 15‐U dose of URLi or lispro before undergoing a euglycemic clamp procedure. Primary pharmacokinetic endpoints were the time to early half‐maximal drug concentration and the area under the concentration versus time curve from 0 to 30 min postdose. The glucodynamic endpoints were the time to early half‐maximal glucose infusion rate before time to maximum glucose infusion rate, and the time to onset of insulin action.

Results

URLi showed accelerated insulin lispro absorption compared with lispro, as shown by a decrease of 56% (URLi: 10.2 min, lispro: 23.3 min; P < 0.0001) in the early half‐maximal drug concentration, and a 2.4‐fold increase in the area under the concentration versus time curve from 0 to 30 min (P < 0.0001). The duration of insulin lispro exposure was 88 min shorter after URLi administration compared with lispro. URLi reduced the early half‐maximal glucose infusion rate before time to maximum glucose infusion rate and the time to onset of insulin action significantly compared with lispro. The glucose infused within the first 30 min of the clamp was 2.16‐fold greater with URLi compared with lispro. There was no difference in total exposure or glucose infused between treatments. All treatment‐emergent adverse events were mild/moderate in severity.

Conclusions

In Japanese type 1 diabetes mellitus patients, URLi showed accelerated insulin lispro absorption, reduced late exposure, overall shorter duration and faster early insulin action compared with lispro.
Decisional needs assessment of patients with complex care needs in primary care
Authors: Poitras Marie‐Eve , Hudon Catherine , Godbout Isabelle , Bujold Mathieu , Pluye Pierre , Vaillancourt Vanessa T. , Débarges Béatrice , Poirier Annie , Prévost Karina , Spence Claude , Légaré France
Published: December 2019

Rationale

Patients with complex care needs who frequently use health services often face challenges in managing their health and with integrated care, leading to frequent decision making. These complex care needs require a good understanding of health issues and their impact on daily life. As the decisional needs of this particular clientele have yet to be described in scientific literature, they warrant further study.

Objectives

To assess the decision‐making needs of patients with complex care needs (PCCN) who frequently use health care services.

Methods

We performed a multicenter cross‐sectional qualitative descriptive study in four institutions of the health and social services network of Quebec (Canada). We enrolled a convenience sample of PCCNs who frequently use health care services, health care providers, case managers, and decision‐makers. We conducted interviews and focus groups and investigated decisional needs according to the Ottawa decision support framework: roles played and desired in the decision‐making process, facilitators, and barriers. We conducted qualitative data collection and qualitative deductive/inductive thematic analysis within and across participating groups.

Results

In total, 16 patients, 38 clinicians, six case managers, and 14 decision‐makers participated in the study. The decisional needs of this clientele are numerous, varied and different from those of the general population. We identified 26 decisional needs grouped under five themes. The most frequent decisions related to visiting the emergency department, moving to a nursing home, and adhering to a plan or treatment. In addition, we identified new themes such as patients' fear and mistrust of health professionals, differences of opinion between health professionals and health professionals' preconceived opinions of patients.

Conclusion

We observed a wide range of types of decisions that patients face and differences in decision‐making needs across participating groups. Our results should inform future research on the development of a patient decision aid tool.
Conceptualizing the key components of rehabilitation following major musculoskeletal trauma: A mixed methods service evaluation
Authors: Robinson Lisa J. , Stephens Nicola M. , Wilson Stella , Graham Laura , Hackett Katie L.
Published: December 2019

Rationale, Aims, and Objectives

The reorganization of acute major trauma pathways in England has increased survival following traumatic injury, resulting in an increased patient population with diverse and complex needs requiring specialist rehabilitation. However, national audit data indicate that only 5% of patients with traumatic injuries have access to specialist rehabilitation, and there are limited guidelines or standards to inform the delivery of rehabilitation interventions for individuals following major trauma. This group concept mapping project aimed to identify the clinical service needs of individuals accessing our major trauma rehabilitation service, prioritize these needs, determine whether each of these needs is currently being met, and plan targeted service enhancements.

Methods

Participants contributed towards a statement generation exercise to identify the key components of rehabilitation following major trauma, and individually sorted these statements into themes. Each statement was rated based on importance and current success. Multi‐dimensional scaling and hierarchical cluster analysis were applied to the sorted data to produce themed clusters of ideas within concept maps. Priority values were applied to these maps to identify key areas for targeted service enhancement.

Results

Fifty‐eight patients and health care professionals participated in the ideas generation activity, 34 in the sorting, and 49 in the rating activity. A 7‐item cluster map was agreed upon, containing the following named clusters: Communication and Coordination; Emotional and psychological wellbeing; Rehabilitation environment; Early rehabilitation; Structured therapy input; Planning for home; and Long‐term support. Areas for targeted service enhancement included access to timely and adequate information provision, collaborative goal setting, and specialist pain management across the rehabilitation pathway.

Conclusion

The conceptual framework presented in this article illustrates the importance of a continuum of rehabilitation provision across the injury trajectory, and provides a platform to track future service changes and facilitate the codesign of new rehabilitation interventions for individuals following major trauma.
Migratory flexibility in native Hawai'ian amphidromous fishes
Authors: Heim‐Ballew Heidi , Moody Kristine N. , Blum Michael J. , McIntyre Peter B. , Hogan James D.
Published: December 2019

We assessed the prevalence of life history variation across four of the five native amphidromous Hawai'ian gobioids to determine whether some or all exhibit evidence of partial migration. Analysis of otolith Sr.: Ca concentrations affirmed that all are amphidromous and revealed evidence of partial migration in three of the four species. We found that 25% of Lentipes concolor (n = 8), 40% of Eleotris sandwicensis (n = 20) and 29% of Stenogobius hawaiiensis (n = 24) did not exhibit a migratory life‐history. In contrast, all individuals of Sicyopterus stimpsoni (n = 55) included in the study went to sea as larvae. Lentipes concolor exhibited the shortest mean larval duration (LD) at 87 days, successively followed by E. sandwicensis (mean LD = 102 days), S. hawaiiensis (mean LD = 114 days) and S. stimpsoni (mean LD = 120 days). These findings offer a fresh perspective on migratory life histories that can help improve efforts to conserve and protect all of these and other at‐risk amphidromous species that are subject to escalating anthropogenic pressures in both freshwater and marine environments.
Screening and management of preinvasive lesions of the cervix: Good clinical practice recommendations from the Federation of Obstetrics and Gynaecologic Societies of India (FOGSI)
Authors: Bhatla Neerja , Singhal Seema , Saraiya Usha , Srivastava Shikha , Bhalerao Sarita , Shamsunder Saritha , Chavan Niranjan , Basu Partha , Purandare CN ,   (on behalf of FOGSI Expert group)
Published: December 2019

In India, there are marked variations in resources for cervical cancer screening. For the first time, resource‐stratified screening guidelines have been developed that will be suitable for low middle‐income countries with similar diversities. The current article describes the process and outcomes of these resource stratified guidelines for screening and treatment of preinvasive lesions of cervix. Evidence from literature was collated and various guidelines were reviewed by an expert panel. Based on the level of evidence, guidelines were developed for screening by human papillomavirus (HPV) testing, cytology and visual inspection after application of acetic acid (VIA), and management of screen positive lesions in different resource settings. Expert opinion was used for certain country‐specific situations. The healthcare system was stratified into two resource settings – good or limited. The mode of screening and treatment for each was described. HPV testing is the preferred method for cervical cancer screening. VIA by trained providers is especially suitable for low resource settings until an affordable HPV test becomes available. Healthcare providers can choose the most appropriate screening and treatment modality. A single visit approach is encouraged and treatment may be offered based on colposcopy diagnosis (‘see and treat’) or even on the basis of HPV test or VIA results (‘screen and treat’), if compliance cannot be ensured. The Federation of Obsterician and Gynaecologists of India Good Clinical Practice Recommendations (FOGSI) GCPR are appropriately designed for countries with varied resource situations to ensure an acceptable cervical cancer prevention strategy.
When is Effort Contagious in New Venture Management Teams? Understanding the Contingencies of Social Motivation Theory
Authors: Breugst Nicola , Patzelt Holger , Shepherd Dean A.
Published: December 2019

Consistent with social motivation theory, prior research on managerial motivation suggests that effort is contagious across management team members. In this study, we draw on belongingness theory to develop a model on important boundary conditions to social motivation theory in the management team context. The model predicts that new venture managers react to their teammates’ higher effort levels by investing higher effort levels themselves primarily when they are confronted with a threat – namely, low venture performance and high environmental hostility – but that effort is less contagious when managers face little threat. We test our model with a sample of 103 new venture managers nested in 51 management teams in a longitudinal setting capturing managerial effort over 26 weeks. While we do not find a direct relationship between teammates’ effort and a new venture manager’s subsequent effort, we find support for the crucial role of threat in triggering the contagion of managerial effort. We discuss the contributions of our study for research on management teams, performance feedback, and entrepreneurial effort in new ventures.
Isolated Voices: Perspectives of Teachers, School Nurses, and Administrators Regarding Implementation of Sexual Health Education Policy
Authors: Dickson Elizabeth , Parshall Mark , Brindis Claire D.
Published: December 2019

BACKGROUND

Comprehensive sexual health education (SHE) reduces risky sexual behavior and increases protective behavior in adolescents. It is important to understand how professionals responsible for implementing SHE policy interpret state and local policy and what influences their commitment to formal SHE policy implementation.

METHODS

This descriptive study explored content and delivery of SHE policy in a rural, southwestern state with high levels of poverty, unintended adolescent pregnancy, and sexually transmitted infections. The social ecological model (SEM) was used to better understand levels of influence on the implementation of SHE policy.

RESULTS

We conducted telephone surveys with 38 teachers, 63 nurses, and 21 administrators in public secondary schools. There was substantial local variability in the scope and content of SHE curricula. Respondents identified significant barriers to the delivery of SHE content and minimal evaluation of whether educational objectives were met. Based on participant responses, community and organizational SEM levels had the greatest influence on SHE policy implementation, although examples of all SEM levels were identified.

CONCLUSIONS

Given perceived challenges regarding subject matter, successful SHE implementation at the local level requires committed stakeholders working in concert at the school and community levels, backed by strong policy commitment at the state level.
Real‐time crack assessment using deep neural networks with wall‐climbing unmanned aerial system
Authors: Jiang Shang , Zhang Jian
Published: December 2019

Crack information provides important evidence of structural degradation and safety in civil structures. Existing inspection methods are inefficient and difficult to rapidly deploy. A real‐time crack inspection method is proposed in this study to address this difficulty. Within this method, a wall‐climbing unmanned aerial system (UAS) is developed to acquire detailed crack images without distortion, then a wireless data transmission method is applied to fulfill real‐time detection requirements, allowing smartphones to receive real‐time video taken from the UAS. Next, an image data set including 1,330 crack images taken by the wall‐climbing UAS is established and used for training a deep‐learning model. For increasing detection speed, state‐of‐the‐art convolutional neural networks (CNNs) are compared and employed to train the crack detector; the selected model is transplanted into an android application so that the detection of cracks can be undertaken on a smartphone in real time. Following this, images with cracks are separated and crack width is calculated using an image processing method. The proposed method is then applied to a building where crack information is acquired and calculated accurately with high efficiency, thus verifying the practicability of the proposed method and system.
The ORF2 protein of Fusarium graminearum virus 1 suppresses the transcription ofFgDICER2andFgAGO1to limit host antiviral defences
Authors: Yu Jisuk , Park Ju Yeon , Heo Jeong‐In , Kim Kook‐Hyung
Published: December 2019

The filamentous fungusFusarium graminearumpossesses an RNA‐interference (RNAi) pathway that acts as a defence response against virus infections and exogenous double‐stranded (ds) RNA. Fusarium graminearum virus 1 (FgV1), which infectsF. graminearum, confers hypovirulence‐associated traits such as reduced mycelial growth, increased pigmentation and reduced pathogenicity. In this study, we found that FgV1 can suppress RNA silencing by interfering with the induction ofFgDICER2andFgAGO1, which are involved in RNAi antiviral defence and the hairpin RNA/RNAi pathway inF. graminearum. In anFgAGO1‐ orFgDICER2‐promoter/GFP‐reporter expression assay the green fluorescent protein (GFP) transcript levels were reduced in FgV1‐infected transformed mutant strains. By comparing transcription levels ofFgDICER2andFgAGO1in fungal transformed mutants expressing each open reading frame (ORF) of FgV1 with or without a hairpin RNA construct, we determined that reduction ofFgDICER2andFgAGO1transcript levels requires only the FgV1 ORF2‐encoded protein (pORF2). Moreover, we confirmed that the pORF2 binds to the upstream region ofFgDICERs andFgAGOsin vitro. These combined results indicate that the pORF2 of FgV1 counteracts the RNAi defence response ofF. graminearumby interfering with the induction ofFgDICER2andFgAGO1in a promoter‐dependent manner.
Genome‐wide association studies in a barley (Hordeum vulgare) diversity set reveal a limited number of loci for resistance to spot blotch (Bipolaris sorokiniana)
Authors: Novakazi Fluturë , Afanasenko Olga , Lashina Nina , Platz Gregory J. , Snowdon Rod , Loskutov Igor , Ordon Frank
Published: December 2019

Spot blotch caused by Bipolaris sorokiniana is an important disease in barley worldwide, causing considerable yield losses and reduced grain quality. In order to identify QTL conferring resistance to spot blotch, a highly diverse worldwide barley set comprising 449 accessions was phenotyped for seedling resistance with three isolates (No 31, SH 15 and SB 61) and for adult plant resistance at two locations (Russia and Australia) in two years. Genotyping with the 50 k iSelect barley SNP genotyping chip yielded 33,818 informative markers. Genome‐wide association studies (GWAS) using a compressed mixed linear model, including population structure and kinship, revealed 38 significant marker‐trait associations (MTA) for spot blotch resistance. The MTA corresponded to two major QTL on chromosomes 1H and 7H and a putative new minor QTL on chromosome 7H explaining between 2.79% and 13.67% of the phenotypic variance. A total of 10 and 14 high‐confidence genes were identified in the respective major QTL regions, seven of which have a predicted involvement in pathogen recognition or defence.
A new three‐dimensional glass scaffold increases the in vitro maturation efficiency of buffalo (Bubalus bubalis) oocyte via remodelling the extracellular matrix and cell connection of cumulus cells
Authors: Shen Penglei , Xu Jie , Wang Ping , Zhao Xin , Huang Ben , Wu Fei , Wang Lulu , Chen Weili , Feng Yun , Guo Zhenwei , Liu Xiaohua , Deng Yanfei , Jiang Jianrong , Shi Deshun , Lu Fenghua
Published: December 2019

At present, many three‐dimensional (3D) culture systems have been reported, improving the oocyte quality of in vitro maturation (IVM), yet the mechanism still needs to be further explored. Here we examined the effects of a new self‐made 3D glass scaffold on buffalo oocyte maturation; meanwhile, the underlying mechanism on buffalo oocyte maturation was also detected. Compared to the two‐dimensional (2D) glass dish culture, results revealed that the 3D culture can improve the first polar body rate of oocytes, subsequent cleavage and blastocysts rate of parthenogenetic activation embryos (p < .05). The extracellular matrix‐related proteins COL1A1, COL2A1, COL3A1, FN and cell connection‐related proteins N‐cadherin, E‐cadherin, GJA1 were found higher in cumulus cells of 3D culture. Moreover, in cumulus cells, proteins of the PI3K/AKT pathway reported being regulated by FN and E‐cadherin including PI3K P85 and p‐AKT were also higher in 3D culture. Furthermore, proapoptosis proteins P53, BAX, caspase‐3 were lower in both cumulus cells and oocytes in 3D culture, while proteins PCNA and BCL2 showed the opposite result. Results also showed that the apoptosis was inhibited, and the proliferation was enhanced in cumulus cells of 3D culture. Finally, the cumulus expansion‐related genes HAS2, CD44, HMMR, PTX3, PTGS2 were found higher in cumulus cells of 3D culture. Taken together, the 3D culture could promote oocyte maturation by regulating proteins correlated with the ECM, cell connection and PI3K/AKT pathway, inhibiting the apoptosis of cumulus cells and oocytes, enhancing the proliferation of cumulus cells and the cumulus expansion.
Variability of fluvial architecture in a poorly vegetated Earth: Silurian sheet‐braided and meandering ancestor river deposits recorded in northeastern Brazil
Authors: Janikian Liliane , de Almeida Renato Paes , Galeazzi Cristiano Padalino , Tamura Larissa Natsumi , Ardito Julio Cesar , Chamani Marley Antonio Carrari
Published: December 2019

Rivers with little to no influence of vegetation and their implications for the architecture of Early Paleozoic and Precambrian fluvial deposits are an important topic of investigation for both clastic sedimentology and Earth System evolution perspectives. Despite the long‐held concept of a dominant style of wide, shallow sheet‐braided sandy channels, growing evidence for a great variability of architectural elements in pre‐vegetation settings point to the predictable occurrence of other fluvial styles, which are possibly related to areas of low‐slope alluvial plains. The present work brings sedimentological descriptions and fluvial style interpretations of Silurian fluvial successions of the Serra Grande Group in northeastern Brazil, developed in a glaciated basin margin (therefore with little to no effect of vegetation). The comparison of the resulting channel body architectures integrated to paleocurrent data and a diffusion‐based numerical model enabled the evaluation of the controls on fluvial architecture variability in unvegetated alluvial plains.
Human skin fibrosis: up‐regulation of collagen type III gene transcription in the fibrotic skin nodules of lower limb lymphoedema
Authors: Karayi Arun Kumar , Basavaraj Vijaya , Narahari Saravu R. , Aggithaya Madhur Guruprasad , Ryan Terence J. , Pilankatta Rajendra
Published: December 2019

Objectives

To investigate the cellular and molecular pathophysiology involved in the development of fibrotic skin of grade‐3 lymphoedema patients with a focus on collagen types.

Methods

Fibrotic and normal skin biopsy samples obtained from grade‐3 lymphoedema patients and normal individuals, respectively, were analysed by histopathology, quantitative real‐time PCR and immunohistochemistry to examine collagen gene expression.

Results

Histopathologic analysis revealed epidermal changes such as orthokeratosis, hypergranulosis and irregular acanthosis in the skin biopsies. The thickened dermis contained nodules of haphazardly arranged thick collagen bundles. Real‐time PCR data showed significant (P‐value 0.0003) up‐regulation of Collagen type I and type III gene transcripts in the fibrotic skin of patients resulting in 38.94‐fold higher transcription of Collagen type III alpha‐1 gene than of Collagen type I alpha‐1 gene. Semi‐quantification of the per cent of haematoxylin‐DAB‐stained area of immunohistochemistry images also showed significant (P < 0.0001) enhancement of both collagen proteins in the fibrotic skin of patients vs. normal human skin.

Conclusions

Gene transcript analysis revealed significant up‐regulation of Collagen type III vs. Collagen type I in fibrotic skin of limb nodules from patient biopsies. Histopathological and immunohistochemical analysis also revealed enhancement of Collagen types I and III in fibrotic vs. normal skin. The findings of this preliminary study indicate the potentially significant involvement of Collagen type III in the development of the fibrotic skin of grade‐3 lymphoedema patients.