bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Dielectric Metalens: Properties and Three-Dimensional Imaging Applications
Authors: Kim Sun-Je , Kim Changhyun , Kim Youngjin , Jeong Jinsoo , Choi Seokho , Han Woojun , Kim Jaisoon , Lee Byoungho
Published: July 2021

Recently, optical dielectric metasurfaces, ultrathin optical skins with densely arranged dielectric nanoantennas, have arisen as next-generation technologies with merits for miniaturization and functional improvement of conventional optical components. In particular, dielectric metalenses capable of optical focusing and imaging have attracted enormous attention from academic and industrial communities of optics. They can offer cutting-edge lensing functions owing to arbitrary wavefront encoding, polarization tunability, high efficiency, large diffraction angle, strong dispersion, and novel ultracompact integration methods. Based on the properties, dielectric metalenses have been applied to numerous three-dimensional imaging applications including wearable augmented or virtual reality displays with depth information, and optical sensing of three-dimensional position of object and various light properties. In this paper, we introduce the properties of optical dielectric metalenses, and review the working principles and recent advances in three-dimensional imaging applications based on them. The authors envision that the dielectric metalens and metasurface technologies could make breakthroughs for a wide range of compact optical systems for three-dimensional display and sensing.
Demonstrating the Applicability of Smartwatches in PM2.5 Health Impact Assessment
Authors: Tsou Ming-Chien Mark , Lung Shih-Chun Candice , Cheng Chih-Hui
Published: July 2021

Smartwatches are being increasingly used in research to monitor heart rate (HR). However, it is debatable whether the data from smartwatches are of high enough quality to be applied in assessing the health impacts of air pollutants. The objective of this study was to assess whether smartwatches are useful complements to certified medical devices for assessing PM2.5 health impacts. Smartwatches and medical devices were used to measure HR for 7 and 2 days consecutively, respectively, for 49 subjects in 2020 in Taiwan. Their associations with PM2.5 from low-cost sensing devices were assessed. Good correlations in HR were found between smartwatches and certified medical devices (rs > 0.6, except for exercise, commuting, and worshipping). The health damage coefficients obtained from smartwatches (0.282% increase per 10 μg/m3 increase in PM2.5) showed the same direction, with a difference of only 8.74% in magnitude compared to those obtained from certified medical devices. Additionally, with large sample sizes, the health impacts during high-intensity activities were assessed. Our work demonstrates that smartwatches are useful complements to certified medical devices in PM2.5 health assessment, which can be replicated in developing countries.
Base Dependence of Benford Random Variables
Authors: Benford Frank
Published: July 2021

A random variable X that is base b Benford will not in general be base c Benford when c≠b. This paper builds on two of my earlier papers and is an attempt to cast some light on the issue of base dependence. Following some introductory material, the “Benford spectrum” of a positive random variable is introduced and known analytic results about Benford spectra are summarized. Some standard machinery for a “Benford analysis” is introduced and combined with my method of “seed functions” to yield tools to analyze the base c Benford properties of a base b Benford random variable. Examples are generated by applying these general methods to several families of Benford random variables. Berger and Hill’s concept of “base-invariant significant digits” is discussed. Some potential extensions are sketched.
Grounding Sustainable Tourism in Science—A Geographic Approach
Authors: Bourlon Fabien , Gale Trace , Adiego Andrés , Álvarez-Barra Valentina , Salazar Alexandra
Published: July 2021

This paper presents empirical research that supports territorial approaches to tourism product development that ground tourism in science, as a mechanism to support sustainable tourism heritage conservation goals. Scientific Tourism (ST), in this context, builds on the scientific heritage of a geography, matching researchers with local actors and tourists, through a five-stage iterative process that leads to new scientific knowledge, advancing theory and building relevance for communities through socio-cultural and economic development. This article focuses on the initial stage of the ST product development process, documenting empirical research conducted within the geographies surrounding the Palena River watershed in the Aysén Region of Chilean Patagonia. Both geo-structured literature review methods and results are presented and discussed to illustrate how the outcomes, including a series of maps, can inform and ground actors’ processes of heritage resource identification, justification, conservation, and exhibition, through the development of pilot ST initiatives within the territory. Similar research approaches may prove valuable for other low-density and peripheral geographies that share an interest in grounding tourism on the science taking place within their geography.
A Roadmap for Sustainable Smart Track—Wireless Continuous Monitoring of Railway Track Condition
Authors: Edwards J. Riley , Mechitov Kirill A. , Germoglio Barbosa Ian , de O. Lima Arthur , Spencer Billie F. , Tutumluer Erol , Dersch Marcus S.
Published: July 2021

Ensuring safe train operation, minimizing service interruptions, and optimizing maintenance procedures are primary railway industry focus areas. To support these goals, a multi-disciplinary team of researchers at the University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign proposed a wireless, continuous, and accurate methodology to monitor track conditions. This project, referred to as “Smart Track”, included the development of a conceptual design plan for efficient and effective implementation of smart monitoring technologies. The project began by establishing guiding research questions, and revising those questions based on track-caused accident data obtained from the Federal Railroad Administration (FRA) and expert opinions from rail experts in the public and private sectors. Next, the research team combined these findings and developed metrics for assigning risk and priorities to various track assets and inspection needs. In parallel, the project team conducted a survey of available wireless technologies for intra-site and site-to-cloud communications. These capabilities were mapped to instrumentation types and requirements (e.g., strain gauges, accelerometers) to ensure compatibility in terms of energy consumption, bandwidth, and communications range. Results identified the rail, crosstie and support, ballast and sub-structure, bridge deck and support, and special trackwork as priority locations for instrumentation. Additionally, IEEE 802.15.4 was found to be the most appropriate cellular communication system within field sites and 4G LTE cellular was determined to be the wireless technology best suited for field site-to-cloud communication. The conceptual design presented in this paper is the first step in achieving the broader goal of Smart Track; to improve the rail industry’s ability to answer critical safety and maintenance-related questions related to the track infrastructure by monitoring and predicting track health.
A Systematic Literature Review on the Participation Aspects of Environmental and Nature-Based Citizen Science Initiatives
Authors: Vasiliades Michalis A. , Hadjichambis Andreas Ch. , Paraskeva-Hadjichambi Demetra , Adamou Anastasia , Georgiou Yiannis
Published: July 2021

It is commonly argued that, despite the tremendous resonance Citizen Science (CS) has shown in recent years, there is still lack of understanding of important aspects defining citizens’ participation and engagement in CS initiatives. While CS initiatives could provide a vehicle to foster forms of participation contributing to the democratization of science, there is still limited attention paid to the “Citizen” component of the Citizen Science term. For the purpose of this work, we systematically reviewed the available literature for empirical studies in respect to citizens’ participation in environmental and nature-based CS initiatives established during the last two decades, using the PRISMA methodology. The participatory facet of the retrieved 119 CS initiatives was analysed on the basis of: (a) exclusion and inclusion demographic factors, (b) CS models and practices, (c) facilitators and constraints of citizen’s participation, and (d) environmental citizenship. Our findings show that the majority of the CS initiatives did not place restrictions on gender participation; however, we have identified that mostly highly educated adults participated in the reviewed initiatives. In addition, most of the CS initiatives reported in the literature were situated in the EU and USA, were mostly limited to the local scale, and primarily followed the contributory model. Academic institutions were found to coordinate the majority of the CS initiatives examined. By using digital technologies, academic scientists were able to control and increase data quality, as well as to engage a broader audience, even though they were mostly treating volunteers as “data collectors”, desiring their long-term engagement. Therefore, it will be of CS benefit to be better aligned with the mentality and needs of citizens. In this direction CS initiatives should trigger citizens’ learning gains and interpersonal/social benefits and personal, environmental, and social motivations, but also to shift their goals towards contributing to science and citizens’ connection with nature. On the other hand, there is a need to overcome any design and implementation barriers, and to enhance democratization through a more participative engagement of active and aware citizens, thus promoting environmental citizenship.
An Integrated Multi Criteria Decision Making Model for Evaluating Park-and-Ride Facility Location Issue: A Case Study for Cuenca City in Ecuador
Authors: Ortega Jairo , Moslem Sarbast , Palaguachi Juan , Ortega Martin , Campisi Tiziana , Torrisi Vincenza
Published: July 2021

A park-and-ride (P&R) system is a set of facilities where private vehicle users can transfer to public transport to continue their journey. The main advantage of the system is decreasing the congestion in the central business district. This paper aims to analyze the most significant factors related to a Park-and-Ride facility location by adopting a combined model of Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP) and Best Worst Method (BWM). The integrated model is applicable for complex problems, which can be structured as a hierarchy with at least one 5 × 5 pairwise comparison matrix (PCM) (or bigger). Applying AHP for at least 5 × 5 PCM may generate inconsistent matrices, which may cause a loss of reliable information. As a solution for this gap, we conducted BWM, which generates more consistent comparisons compared to the AHP approach. Moreover, the model requires fewer comparisons compared to the classic AHP approach. That is the main reason of adopting the AHP-BWM model to evaluate Park-and-Ride facility location factors for a designed two-level hierarchical structure. As a case study, a real-world complex decision-making process was selected to evaluate the Park-and-Ride facility location problem in Cuenca city, Ecuador. The result shows that the application of multi-criteria methods becomes a planning tool for experts when designing a P&R system.
Sustainable Public Transport Service Adapted for People with Disabilities and Reduced Mobility in the Municipality of León, Guanajuato, Mexico
Authors: Colmenero-Fonseca Fabiola , Fonce-Segura Carlos Daigoro , Guzmán-Ramírez Alejandro , Flores-García Mariana
Published: July 2021

Urban mobility makes it possible to incorporate new perspectives that make it possible to question and problematize the way in which social links and relations between city dwellers are shaped. In this way, mobility constitutes an increasingly massive, recurrent, and complex social practice, strongly conditioned by the existing levels of inequality and particularly those that entail processes of social exclusion. In the present research, the efficiency of the modality of adapted public transportation for people with disabilities in the city of León, Guanajuato, Mexico, which came into operation in 2012, receiving the 2019 Building Equality Award from the International Center for the Promotion of Human Rights and United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization (UNESCO), is analyzed. The management, design, and implementation of Inclusive Urban Transportation (TÜI), demonstrated how the articulation of actors (public, private, and civil society) are of vital importance for the success of the project. In this sense, it is important to count on the permanent participation of focus groups that identify and understand the real needs of users with reduced mobility. The results achieved allow establishing an evaluation that contributes to detect and mitigate the conditions of vulnerability, risk, and segregation of people with disabilities.
A Study on the Strategic Decision Making Used in the Revitalization of Fishing Village Tourism: Using A’WOT Analysis
Authors: Lee Sangmin , Kim Donghan , Park Sunwoo , Lee Wonseok
Published: July 2021

As society has developed, fishing villages that have relied solely on traditional fishing have found themselves on the verge of extinction. Therefore, efforts are being made to transform fishing villages into areas with various functions including recreation, tourism, and education. In this regard, the main purpose of this study is to analyze the relative importance and priorities of the multi-criteria decision-making (MCDM) process used in the revitalization of fishing village tourism. To this end, the A’WOT (AHP/SWOT) hybrid approach, developed in combination with the SWOT (Strengths, Weaknesses, Opportunities, Threats) analysis and the AHP (Analytic Hierarchy Process) method, was used to determine the significant factors. The results of the study demonstrated that the ‘opportunities’ and ‘strengths’ areas are relatively important when it comes to the priority of sustainable development. We also identified the high importance in terms of global weight of both ‘Increased demand for leisure, rest and ecotourism’ and ‘Possession of natural resources of diverse and distinctive fishing villages by sea and region’ as sustainable ways to revitalize fishing communities. This study demonstrates that with appropriate data and an applicable systematic process, the A’WOT approach can adequately show where intervention is most needed. The study shows that the application of tourism in the current context has the potential to approach the issue of fishing village tourism. Furthermore, this study is meaningful in that it quantifies the importance of fishing village tourism attributes by using a systematic approach, and it concludes with suggesting where the emphasis should be placed on policy and strategy.
Risk Analysis and Management of Construction and Operations in Offshore Wind Power Project
Authors: Chou Jui-Sheng , Liao Pin-Chao , Yeh Chung-Da
Published: July 2021

Many countries have increased the use of renewable energy and strongly promoted offshore wind power (OWP). However, OWP in Asia is in the preliminary stage of development, for which no precedents exist. The literature on wind energy generation has mostly investigated the causes of onshore wind turbine accidents and risk prevention, and more work on the risks associated with domestic OWP is required for energy market development. According to statistics on international wind power accidents, most offshore accidents occur in the construction and operation stages. Therefore, this work investigates risk management in the construction and operations of offshore windfarms in Taiwan. The goal is to help decision-makers to understand better the risks of the industry and so more effectively manage them. In this study, risk factors are identified from organizing data in the literature, and research methods and action strategies are developed. Research and analysis follow the risk management steps in the PMBOK® Guide (A Guide to the Project Management Body of Knowledge). The risk rankings and preventive measures that are based on the results of this study can serve as references for relevant industry personnel in island cities and nearby Asian countries to reduce risk in the management of OWP projects.
Application of Acoustic Agglomeration Technology to Improve the Removal of Submicron Particles from Vehicle Exhaust
Authors: Garbarienė Inga , Dudoitis Vadimas , Ulevičius Vidmantas , Plauškaitė-Šukienė Kristina , Kilikevičius Artūras , Matijošius Jonas , Rimkus Alfredas , Kilikevičienė Kristina , Vainorius Darius , Maknickas Algirdas , Borodinas Sergejus , Byčenkienė Steigvilė
Published: July 2021

The natural processes of interactions between aerosol particles in the ambient air through which they agglomerate is a vast area of chamber research and are inherent to many industries and are often inter-connected with transport engineering. Further improvement of symmetric methods for aerosol particle number and mass concentration reduction made it possible to create various synergic techniques. The study used a 1.9 TDI diesel internal combustion engine, which was supplied with diesel (D100) and second-generation biofuels (NExBTL100) with the EGR exhaust system on and off. Measurements were performed using a Bruel and Kjær “Type 9727” system for measurement of vibrations, a scanning mobility particle sizer (SMPS) and an original agglomeration chamber. The three modes of particle size distributions were observed in the size range from 10 to 470 nm for both D100 and NExBTL100 fuels with and without the use of the EGR system. The application of 21.3 kHz frequency sound with SPL 144.1 dB changed the NExBTL100 generated aerosol particle number concentration but did not sufficiently affect the concentration of D100 emitted particles. The greatest agglomeration effect (21.7 ± 10.0%) was observed in the range of extremely small NExBTL100 derived particles (10–70 nm) when used in combination with an EGR system.
Continuous Increase of Efficacy under Repetitive Injections of Botulinum Toxin Type/A beyond the First Treatment for Adult Spastic Foot Drop
Authors: Hefter Harald , Nickels Werner , Rosenthal Dietmar , Samadzadeh Sara , Albrecht Philipp
Published: July 2021

The objective of this study was to quantify the increase in efficacy during the first four cycles of treatment with botulinum toxin type/A (BoNT/A) in 24 free-walking BoNT/A naïve adult patients with post-stroke hemispasticity and spastic foot drop. Patients were followed over 390 days and received five injections of 800 U aboBoNT/A every three months. Patients assessed the treatment effect at eight visits using a global assessment scale, physicians scored the muscle tone at the ankle joint, measured active and passive ranges of motion (aRoMs, pRoMs) at the knee and ankle joint and determined the distance patients succeeded to walk during a minute. Patients’ assessments significantly (p < 0.006) increased with time and significantly correlated with all parameters measured. The best correlation (r = 0.927; p < 0.0001) was found with the sum of the aRoMs of knee and ankle joint. After one year of treatment outcome measures were better than and significantly correlated with the peak effect of the first injection. This correlation was higher for pRoMs (r = 0.855; p < 0.00001) compared to aRoMs (r = 0.567; p < 0.009). When BoNT/A treatment of the spastic foot in chronic hemispasticity is performed regularly every three months for at least one year, patients will experience a significant increase of benefit beyond the first treatment, but have to learn how to adapt to and use the new degree of freedom induced by the injections.
Elicitation of Neutralizing Antibody Responses to HIV-1 Immunization with Nanoparticle Vaccine Platforms
Authors: Murji Amyn A. , Qin Juliana S. , Hermanus Tandile , Morris Lynn , Georgiev Ivelin S.
Published: July 2021

A leading strategy for developing a prophylactic HIV-1 vaccine is the elicitation of antibodies that can neutralize a large fraction of circulating HIV-1 variants. However, a major challenge that has limited the effectiveness of current vaccine candidates is the extensive global diversity of the HIV-1 envelope protein (Env), the sole target for HIV-neutralizing antibodies. To address this challenge, various strategies incorporating Env diversity into the vaccine formulation have been proposed. Here, we assessed the potential of two such strategies that utilize a nanoparticle-based vaccine platform to elicit broadly neutralizing antibody responses. The nanoparticle immunogens developed here consisted of different formulations of Envs from strains BG505 (clade A) and CZA97 (clade C), attached to the N-termini of bacterial ferritin. Single—antigen nanoparticle cocktails, as well as mosaic nanoparticles bearing both Env trimers, elicited high antibody titers in mice and guinea pigs. Furthermore, serum from guinea pigs immunized with nanoparticle immunogens achieved autologous, and in some cases heterologous, tier 2 neutralization, although significant differences between mosaic and single—antigen nanoparticles were not observed. These results provide insights into the ability of different vaccine strategies for incorporating Env sequence diversity to elicit neutralizing antibodies, with implications for the development of broadly protective HIV-1 vaccines.
Yield Stress Model for Natural Debris Flows in Presence of Fine and Coarse–Grained Sediments
Authors: Schippa Leonardo
Published: July 2021

When dealing with natural geo–hazards, it is important to understand the influence of sediment sorting on debris flows. The presence of coarse fraction is one of the aspects which affects the rheological behaviour of natural viscous granular fluid mixtures. In this paper, experiments on reconstituted debris flow mixtures with different coarse–to–fine sediment ratios are considered. Such mixtures behave just as non–Newtonian yield stress fluids and their rheological behaviour is largely affected by the presence of coarse fraction. Experimental results demonstrate that yield stress is very sensitive not only to bulk sediment concentration but also to coarse sediment fraction. A novel yield stress model is presented. It accounts for an empirical grading function depending on the coarse–to–fine grain content. The yield stress model performed satisfactorily in comparison with the experiments, showing that it is almost independent of the coarse–to–fine grain fraction in case of dominant coarse sediment content.
Russian Russian-Japanese war of 1904–1905 in the works of Russian literature of the beginning of the XX century (on the example of L. Andreev's story “Red laughter” and the story of V. Veresaev “On the Japanese war”)
Authors: Nekrasov I.
Published: July 2021

In the paper, the author considers the reflection of the Russo-Japanese War of 1904–1905 in the works of famous Russian writers of the 19–20th centuries. The heavy and ill-prepared military campaign against Japan, which Russia waged in Manchuria, led to unjustified losses and unsuccessful battles for the Russian army.
Influence of ethical groups on regional policy (on the example of the Republic of Kalmykia)
Authors: Naranova D.
Published: July 2021

To consider the main directions and extent of influence of ethical groups on political processes in the Republic of Kalmykia.The authors analyzed scientific research on the ethnic identity of the Kalmyk people, as well as media materials and statistical data on the cause and effect of the influence of ethnic groups on regional policy. Seven key areas of influence of the Kalmyks, as a titular nation, on political processes in the region, including through the formation of an ethnic majority among senior positions in the authorities of the subject of the Russian Federation, were identified. The theoretical significance of the study is due to the complex systematization of facts about the influence of the ethnodominating nation of the Republic of Kalmykia on political processes in the region. The practical significance is expressed in the proposal of specific recommendations for partial stabilization of the situation in the Republic.
Increasing the creative potential of production in the context of prevailing trends
Authors: Ganina G.E. , Mukhin A. V. , Ostrovskiy Yu.A. , Yakovleva A.P.
Published: July 2021

The article examines the prevailing trends in modern production and their role in forming ideas about further development. It is shown that involvement in the process of understanding trends of the regularity of labor activity transformation leads to the understanding of the place of self-development in the production strategy. A comprehensive analysis of trends combined with the use of new approaches to the description of labor activity helped to reveal and justify a new view of the strategy for improving production. This allowed describing a new type of production systems, namely self-developing production systems, at the conceptual level. The presence of a model of real transformation of labor activity in the description of such production makes it possible to create a system with an internal device for self-development. Such self-developing production systems do not require external influences and are invariant in a wide variety of social environments.
The method of calculation of the deviation of the tool axis when machining small diameter holes
Authors: Zaytsev A.V. , Kolupaev N. A.
Published: July 2021

The article is devoted to an important parameter that characterizes the accuracy of the shape and location of the hole after machining — the displacement of the hole axis. When designing operations for drilling small-diameter holes with a large depth (the ratio of the hole depth to its diameter is more than 10), a method for predicting this parameter is necessary to improve the accuracy of work. The article considers the causes and methods of eliminating this negative impact on hole machining using the example of a small-diameter drill axis runout. Recommendations are given for reducing drill runout: to reduce cutting modes; to perform the drilling operation while rotating the workpiece, which can stabilize the drill position during machining; to use drills made of hard alloy or obtained by powder metallurgy methods, which increases their rigidity; before drilling the workpiece, to center the hole with a more rigid drill.
Production of high-load diesel engines
Authors: Bykova Т.А.
Published: July 2021

Analysis of the development of modern engine building has shown that internal combustion engines have a leading position. It is fair to say that there are attempts to change this trend - for example, the serial electric car Tesla. But the oil industry is now a key sector of the global economy, and the dominance of internal combustion engines may remain the main one for many decades. The article analyses steel and aluminum pistons manufactured with application of technologies adapted to customer requirements. These technologies allow creation of heavy duty engines with maximum reliability and optimal combination of characteristics, reduction of emissions of harmful substances and reduction of fuel consumption.
Specifics of processing of corrosion-resistant and heat-resistant steels
Authors: Kulikov A. S. , Majorov A. A.
Published: July 2021

The features of the structure and properties of corrosion-resistant and heat-resistant steels and alloys, the effect on the machinability of cutting and tool selection are shown. Issues related to the machining of corrosion-resistant steel are considered. The best workability of steels is achieved by heat treatment by annealing or tempering due to the separation of secondary phases from the solid solution. By changing and selecting cutting modes and cutting plate geometry, processing can be carried out at speeds up to 274 m / min, with a side allowance of up to 3 mm.
Tariffs for the maintenance of public property in the area of cottage development: economic and legal aspects and the purpose of forensic expertise
Authors: Knyazeva N. , Kameneva E.
Published: July 2021

The article describes the specifics of the tariff policy and pricing for the services of the organization managing the cottage settlement for the maintenance of public property. The possibility of applying the analogy with the management of an apartment building is proved, an adapted model of setting tariffs and prices for services for the maintenance of public property in the area of cottage development is presented.
Admiral Mordvinov: «Where the government itself distorts the good morals of the people, it cannot succeed in anything». Dissenting opinions
Authors: Yakutin Yu.
Published: July 2021

The article continues the series of publications devoted to the academicians-economists of the Russian Academy of Sciences, who actively worked with the Free Economic Society of Russia — the VEO of Russia. Telling about the life milestones and stages of state and public activity of a member of the Imperial Academy of Sciences, Admiral Nikolai Semyonovich Mordvinov, the article reveals the essence and meaning of the admiral's special opinions on key aspects of the socio-economic policy of the Russian Empire in the first half of the XIX century. N.S. Mordvinov's reflections on property, serfdom, industry, trade, and tariffs are summarized; about finance, banks, and insurance. The role of N.S. Mordvinov in the practical activities of the Imperial Free Economic Society of Russia is emphasized. N.S. Mordvinov's vision of the goals and objectives of the VEO as an important institution of Russian civil society is revealed.
Peran Perempuan dalam Iklan Televisi di Indonesia-Malaysia
Authors: Triwardhani Ike Junita , Listiani Endri , Putra Raditya Pratama
Published: July 2021

Merupakan hal yang lazim melihat iklan yang hampir serupa antara iklan-iklan di Indonesia dengan di Malaysia. Selain karena kita serumpun, sehingga banyak budaya dan kebiasaan di Indonesia yang terjadi di Malaysia. Ini terlihat dari iklan-iklan yang sama menggunakan konsep keluarga, peran perempuan atau ibu rumah tangga ataupun menggunakan perempuan sebagai unsur utama pemikat iklan. Perempuan dianggap sebagai wahana promosi, karena perempuan merupakan sasaran produk tersebut ataupun dikarenakan perempuan dianggap mudah dipengaruhi dan terpengaruh. Dari sekian banyak iklan yang menggunakan perempuan sebagai model iklan, hampir semua model perempuan yang digunakan adalah perempuan yang berparas cantik, bertubuh seksi dan berambut indah. Hal ini kemudian membuat perempuanpun akhirnya beranggapan bahwa simbol cantik itu seperti yang digambarkan iklan dalam sebuah media, sehingga akhirnya tubuh menjadi sebagai pusat kesadaran. Tak salah memang, namun bagaimana makna-makna iklan itu dilihat dan ditelaah secara khusus sepertinya akan menjadi suatu kajian yang menarik. Tujuan dari penelitian ini untuk mengetahui peran perempuan digambarkan dalam iklan televisi (tvc) di Indonesia dan Malaysia. Pada penelitian ini menggunakan metode deskriptif kualitatif, yang akan menguraikan bagaimana perempuan digambarkan dalam iklan-iklan di Indonesia dan di Malaysia. Akan ada beberapa iklan produk yang sama yang dipilih kemudian kita akan melihat peran perempuan dan perbedaan apa saja yang digunakan untuk menggambarkan perempuan dalam iklan produk versi Indonesia dan versi Malaysia dalam iklan televisi.
IMPLEMENTASI BIG DATA DI SOSIAL MEDIA UNTUK KOMUNIKASI KRISIS PEMERINTAH
Authors: Solihin Olih
Published: July 2021

This study aims to describe the implementation of big data on social media in carrying out crisis communication. This study uses a qualitative approach, with data collection techniques through a literature study. The results of this study also emphasize three aspects, namely: 1). The government must define a crisis because to understand a crisis, of course, we must start by defining it first. Each crisis that arises is accompanied by its own characteristics. 2). The government can use Big Data information sources to accelerate the implementation of government programs. 3). One of the efforts to look at big data to identify problems is to carry out the stages of social media. In the era of advances in communication and information technology, the existence of social media can no longer be separated from the activities of the world community..
Considering Transgender in Iran
Authors: Peyghambarzadeh Zenyab , Monro Surya
Published: July 2021

Review: Saeidzadeh, Zara. 2020. Trans and Sex Change in Contemporary Iran: A Socio-Legal Study of Gendered Policies and Practices. PhD diss. Örebro University: Centre for Feminist Social Studies. (159 pages)
Normer snarare än kärlek och sex
Authors: Wasshede Cathrin
Published: July 2021

Recension av Karlsson Mery, Mikael. 2020. ”Gå eller rulla – alla vill knulla!”: Funk- tionsrättsaktivism i nyliberala landskap. Avhandling. Lund: Arkiv Förlag. (375 sidor)
Factors of formation of the professional subculture of legal professionals in modern Russian society
Authors: Frolova Nadezhda A. , Psarev Ilya M.
Published: July 2021

The phenomenon of professional subculture in modern society is associated not only with the increasing differentiation of labour, but also with the attempts of people who work in any communities to separate themselves from other professional groups. The specifics of the professional subculture of legal professionals are determined not only by the peculiarities of legal activity and the uniqueness of professional knowledge and skills, but also by social engagement, the specifics of functioning social institutions that reproduce the subculture. The use of systemic and structural-functional approaches allows to single out objective and subjective factors that influence the formation of the professional subculture of legal actors, to consider the institutionalisation of informal legal practices as a cause of professional deformation of professionals. The process of legalisation and legitimisation of informal relations, which are outside of the public control, takes the form of various types of corruption. A new set of values, norms and rules is the changing content of the most important component – the professional culture. An analysis of empirical data obtained through the sociological research methods allows to conclude that the moral degradation of society, impunity, corruption, and a low legal culture of Russian citizens contribute to a negative transformation of the professional culture of the law professionals.
On the need to improve criminal law norms with administrative prejudice
Authors: Redkov Nikolay A. , Ganzha Natalia Vladimirovna , Khlestakova Lyubov Anatolyevna
Published: July 2021

The article deals with some problems of constructing elements of crimes with administrative prejudice and concludes that it is necessary to improve such criminal law norms. It is noted that, since 2009, in Russia there is a process of gradual resumption of the construction of administrative prejudice in the structure of the domestic criminal law. To date, this construction is used only in six countries of the world, which are parts of the former Soviet Union, in connection with which the conclusion is made about the uniqueness of the institution of administrative prejudice in the field of criminal law. The authors have collected statistics on the quantitative development of this institution in the post-Soviet space over the past five years. It is concluded that the problem of the absence of a single formulation defining a special subject of the elements of crimes with this construction exists not only in the Russian criminal legislation, but also in the legislation of Tajikistan and Turkmenistan. The necessity of fixing in Russian criminal law and initiating fixing in the Model Criminal Code for the former Soviet republics the definition of administrative prejudice in criminal law and on its basis the development of a single model of legislative regulation of administrative prejudice in criminal law, which will eliminate the technical and legal shortcomings addressed in the article, is determined.
On the 115th anniversary of the elections to the State Duma of the 1st convocation in Kostroma Province (based on the materials of Kostroma newspapers)
Authors: Belov Andrey Mikhailovich , Bulyukin Dmitry Aleksandrovich
Published: July 2021

The article is devoted to the little-studied problem of elections to the First State Duma of the Russian Empire in Kostroma Province, as well as the attitude of different strata, classes and estates to the elections and activities of deputies. As sources, the documents of the funds of the State Archive of Kostroma Region (GAKO), in particular, the materials of the local newspapers “Kostroma Speechˮ and “Herald of Povolzhyeˮ are used. An attempt is made to reveal to what extent the institution of Russian parliamentarism was rooted in the Province, to what extent the elected deputies expressed the interests of voters of different classes. The extensive factual material covers the organisation of elections, the course of elections in different counties, as well as conflicts and violations during the conduct of elections. Rich material is also provided by memoirs, business correspondence of officials and other documents. The authors come to the conclusion that Kostroma newspapers of that time covered the above issues in great detail and meaningfully, that in the conditions of the emerging multiparty system, the political and legal culture of the Province grew, as well as the interest of representatives of different classes in solving the most important problems of the then Russian reality.
ORGANIZATIONAL MODEL OF PEDUNCULATE OAK BREEDING BASED ON CYTOGENETIC AND MORPHOLOGICAL MARKERS
Authors: Popova Anna , Morkovina Svetlana , Ivanova Anna
Published: July 2021

The article discusses the issues of creating an organizational model of selection based on cytogenetic and mor-phological markers for reforestation in the conditions of the central forest-steppe. The results of the development of an organizational model are presented, presented by a complex of context diagrams, created in the software product Busi-ness Studio 4.0. The decomposition of selection processes based on cytogenetic and morphological markers in the form of context diagrams made it possible to visualize the identification process of pedigree genotypes of pedunculate oak and to build in space and time a sequential process of using additional selection markers in conjunction with classical breeding approaches, selection of methods and means of achieving breeding goals. Providing the visibility of the pe-dunculate oak breeding process based on cytogenetic and morphological markers allows, due to the technological de-scription of the composition of the processes, the characteristics of the consumed resources (material, labor and finan-cial), to get an idea of the process under study and quickly draw a logical conclusion from the large amount of data obtained. The model organization of the process of creating forest plantations of fast-growing species was carried out with the aim of the most efficient use of technology and an increase in labor productivity, which determines its promising use as a selection tool and makes it possible to accelerate the selection process of Quercus robur L. offspring when creating forest crops
INVESTIGATION OF THE TRACK FORMATION PROCESS AND ITS STABILITY DURING THE OP-ERATION OF FOREST MACHINES AND SKIDDING SYSTEMS ON THE SLOPES OF THE THAWED SOIL
Authors: Kalyashov Vitaliy , Shapiro Vladimir , Grigorev Igor , Kunitskaya Ol'ga , Grigoreva Olga , Storodubtseva Tamara
Published: July 2021

A significant part of mature and over-mature commercial forests of the Russian Federation are concentrated in the Far Eastern Federal District. Most of the forests of the Far East are characterized by a relief that is inconvenient for the operation of traditional machine systems for logging operations (steep and very steep slopes). In addition, a significant part of the forests of the Far East grows on permafrost. It is known that the forests on the slopes are among the most vulnerable from the ecological point of view, the same can be said about the forests on the permafrost. As a result, the permafrost forests growing on the slopes can be attributed to one of the most vulnerable forest ecosystems. In this regard, the requirements for the environmental efficiency of forest machines and skidding systems when harvesting wood in the forests of the permafrost zone growing on the slopes are one of the most stringent. This circumstance is very important, for example, for the development of logging in the Republic of Sakha (Yakutia). It is well known about the negative impact of forest machine propellers on the soils of cutting areas; this issue has been studied and is being studied by a large number of scientists. The negative impact on soils, first of all, consists in overconsolidation and the formation of a track, which in the future is the center of water and wind erosion. Solving the problem of ecological compatibility of modern forest machines and skidding systems with soils of permafrost cutting areas growing on the slopes will increase the effective development of the allowable cut in forests on permafrost. The most optimal way to increase the environmental compatibility of machines and forest ecosystem is to substantiate the optimal machine parameters and performance indicators for specific conditions
INFLUENCE OF GRAPHENE OXIDE ON MICROCLONES OF DOWNY BIRCH AT THE ADAPTATION STAGE
Authors: Strekalova Nataliya , Zakharova Olga , Baranchikov Petr , Gusev Alexander
Published: July 2021

In this work, we studied the effect of graphene oxide on regenerants of downy birch when transferred to non-sterile greenhouse conditions (adaptation stage) during clonal micropropagation. During the experiment, it was found that a solution of graphene oxide at a concentration of 1.5 μg / l had a beneficial effect on the development of leaves and plant adaptability (+ 8%). However, with an increase in the concentration of nanomaterial to 3 μg / L, the survival rate decreased by 10% , the plant height - by 25%, and the number of adapted plants - by 35% relative to the control group. In addition, general condition of the seedlings of this group was assessed only by 3 points on a 5-point scale. The study of the content of graphene oxide in plant organs did not reveal pronounced foci of accumulation, which may indicate an indirect effect of nanomaterial on plants through changes in environmental conditions, for example, the availability of root nutrition or the composition of microbiota in the root zone. The mechanisms of ecological and biological impact of carbon nanomaterials on plants are not fully known and require further in-depth research
Evaluación de la productividad del talento humano basado en un modelo de competencias laborales
Authors: Rodríguez-Partidas Nicolás Javier
Published: July 2021

La evaluación de competencias laborales es un proceso complejo, que requiere como pasos previos la definición de perfiles ocupacionales, estructurados en torno a conocimientos, habilidades, conductas individuales y sociales en el trabajo. La investigación desde el paradigma cuantitativo, se desarrolló dentro de los parámetros de un tipo de investigación de campo que, consistió en la recolección de datos directamente de la realidad donde ocurren los hechos sin manipular o controlar variables. Cuyo objetivo fue diagnosticar la situación actual en cuanto a la evaluación del desempeño llevada a cabo al personal administrativo de las instituciones universitarias. Para la obtención de los datos se utilizó un cuestionario, destacando la importante la aplicación de la medición. De acuerdo a los resultados obtenidos, se concluye que se hace necesario aplicar un instrumento de evaluación basado en competencias laborales que sustituya el modelo aplicado hasta el momento, basado en resultados por objetivos de desempeño individual
Necesidad de un cambio de la Gerencia de hoy
Authors: Ramírez-Pérez Dr. Mario Antonio
Published: July 2021

Necesidad de un cambio de la Gerencia de hoy
THE MORAL OF LEADERS BASED ON TEXTS IN SULALATUS SALATIN
Authors: Zakaria Norazimah , Mohamad Hanapi Mazarul Hasan , Abdullah Siti Faridah Leong
Published: July 2021

The grandeur of the Malaccan Malay Sultanate was written in Sulalatus Salatin, a name that means the genealogy of the Sultans. This text has been acknowledged as a great work and was made the reference for scholars in various studies on the Malaccan Sultanate. Until this day the text is still being studied since there a great wealth of information that is yet to be explored. The objective of this paper is to identify and elaborate, by using the Takmilah Theory, morals of the leaders of the Malaccan Malay Sultanate written in Sulalatus Salatin. The qualitative method, which is the descriptive analysis method on a text that is based on the Takmilah Theory, will be used in this study. Sulalatus Salatin contains procedures in creating a leader; it is laden with knowledge on leadership and other related knowledge such as on administration. In addition, this text provides guidance by means of messages and also gives examples of specific values owned by a particular group of society. Hence the narrations in Sulalatus Salatin were written in an exquisite and outstanding manner. From the literary standpoint, Sulalatus Salatin was recognized as an encyclopedia of knowledge that documented experiences and aspirations of a nation, which are the Malays. The ambitions of the nation which were upheld were successfully realised by several reigning rulers of the Malaccan Malay Sultanate. The Malaccan Malay Sultanate has become an empire and the prominent centre of Islam for two decades.
THE ARAB SPRING ONLINE NEWS COVERAGE: CORPUS-BASED ANALYSIS OF THE TUNISIAN AND EGYPTIAN REVOLUTION KEYWORDS
Authors: Ismail Muhammad Marwan , Harun Farah Nadia , Muhamad Wan Moharani , Muhamad Saad Nurhasma , Md Isa Zulkipli
Published: July 2021

In 2011, the Arab world had become the centre of attention once again after the emergence of the so-called ‘Arab Spring’ in December 2010. This historical event in the modern history of the Arab region has brought significant social and political reform to the Arab world. The wave of Arab uprising begins in Tunisia at the end of 2010, rapidly separated into other neighbouring countries such as Egypt, Libya, Morocco, Syria, Bahrain, and Sudan. Since the early stage of protest, which mainly participated by locals, mass media has comprehensively reported this historical event, which brought down many Arab leaders in power for decades. Thus, Arab Spring has become the headline of many international media outlets, and the media are still discussing the significant impact of the event until now. Hence, the main objective of the study is to examine the event's Arabic online news discourse by focusing on the keywords and prominent social actors in the news reports surrounding the Arab Spring. This will indicate what has been included and excluded or highlighted and marginalised in the news coverage. The data is consist of Modern Standard Arabic (MSA) online news published by four prominent news outlets namely with different origin and background: Al-Arabia of Saudi Arabia, Al-Jazeera of Qatar, BBC Arabic of the UK and CNN of the USA. These well-established news outlets were selected for their comprehensive international coverage aims at various Arabic readers worldwide. The study employs corpus linguistics analytical tools by using corpus data mining software ‘AntConc 3.4’. Then, the quantitative results of corpus data will be analysed using a qualitative approach based on the textual-oriented Critical Discourse Analysis (CDA) of Fairclough (1992) and Wodak (2001). The result shows that news coverage of the event has highlighted several keywords that indicate the main social actors and main social events of the Arab Spring. These keywords are the shared command features among the news outlets, although each outlet portraying them is significantly different. Finally, the article presents suggestions for other related studies in the future.