bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Gentrification: A Priority for Environmental Justice and Health Equity Research
Authors: Smith Genee S. , Thorpe, Jr. Roland J.
Published: July 2020

Although gentrification is occurring at increasing rates across the United States, our understanding of what this means for public health is limited. While positive changes, such as increases in property val­ues and reduced crime rates occur, negative consequences, such as residential displace­ment, also ensue. Individuals living through gentrification experience major changes in social and environmental conditions often in short periods of time, which can result in disrupted social networks and stress, both associated with decrements in health. As neighborhoods across the United States undergo revitalization, understanding health effects of gentrification, positive and nega­tive, is paramount. We posit that gentrifica­tion may be beneficial in some aspects of health and detrimental in others. To address current challenges in the gentrification-health literature, we recommend future research: 1) examine the gentrification processes and stages; 2) integrate built, natural, and social environment metrics; and 3) assess mediating and moderating as­sociations. As gentrification expands across the United States, research conducted in this area is poised for timely contributions to equitable development and urban planning policies. Ethn Dis. 2020;30(3):509-512; doi:10.18865/ed.30.3.509
Addressing Asian American Misrepresentation and Underrepresentation in Research
Authors: Shah Nilay S. , Kandula Namratha R.
Published: July 2020

Asian Americans are the fastest growing racial/ethnic minority group in the United States and have unique, heterogenous health status and outcomes across a range of conditions between disaggregated Asian subgroups. Despite the rapid growth of this group, clinical and epidemiologic research lags considerably in adequately and ap­propriately representing Asian Americans. Too often, Asian American participants and populations are inappropriately aggregated into a single race category in research, masking important differences between ethnic subgroups. In this commentary, actionable recommendations are provided to investigators in order to enhance inclu­sion and representation of Asian Americans in a broad scope of research programs. Incorporating these recommendations in research planning and conduct will support health and promote health equity for these populations. Ethn Dis. 2020;30(3):513-516; doi:10.18865/ed.30.3.513
ANALISIS PENGARUH ANGKA KEMATIAN BAYI TERHADAP ANGKA HARAPAN HIDUP DI PROVINSI JAWA TIMUR BERDASARKAN ESTIMATOR LEAST SQUARE SPINE
Authors: W Anies Yulinda , L. Trias Novia , Tegarina Melati , Chamidah Nur
Published: July 2020

Life expectancy can be used to evaluate the government's performance for improving the welfare of the population in the health sector. Life expectancy is closely related to infant mortality rate. Theoretically, decreasing of infant mortality rate will cause increasing of life expectancy. A statistical method that can be used to model life expectancy is nonparametric regression model based on least square spline estimator. This method provides high flexibility to accommodate pattern of data by using smoothing technique. The best estimated model is order one spline model with one knot based on minimum generalized cross validation (GCV) value of 0.607. Each increasing of one infant mortality rate unit will cause decreasing of life expectancy of  0.2314 for infant mortality rate less than 27, and of  0.0666 for infant mortality rate more than and equals to 27. In addition, based on mean square error (MSE) of 0.492 and R2value of 76.59% for nonparametric model approach compared with MSE of 0.634 and R2 value of 71.8%  for parametric model approach, we conclude that the use of nonparametric model approach based on least square spline estimator is better than that of parametric model approach.
Hubungan Dimensi Metrik Ketetanggaan dan Dimensi Metrik Ketetanggan Lokal Graf Hasil Operasi Kali Korona
Authors: Rahmayanti Virdina , Utoyo Moh. Imam , Susilowati Liliek
Published: July 2020

Adjacency metric dimension and local adjacency metric dimension are the development of metric dimension. The purpose of this research is to determine the adjacency metric dimension of corona graph between any connected graph G and non-trivial graph H denoted by dimA(G⊙H), to determine the local adjacency metric dimension of corona graph between any connected graph G and non-trivial graph H denoted by dimA,l(G⊙H), and to determine the correlation between adjacency metric dimension and local adjacency metric dimension of corona product graph operations. In this research, it is found out that the value of adjacency metric dimension of G⊙H graph is affected by the basic characteristic of H and the domination characteristic. Meanwhile, the value of local adjacency metric dimension of G⊙H graph is only affected by the basic characteristic of H Futhermore, it is found a correlation of adjacency metric dimension and local adjacency metric dimension of corona product graph between any connected graph G and non-trivial graph H.
Les critères et facteurs de la qualité des poulets Label Rouge
Authors: SAUVEUR B.
Published: July 2020

En réaction à certains reproches adressés au poulet standard, la France a développé à partir de 1965 une production de poulets de qualité bien définie, dits Label Rouge, qui connaissent un large succès (76 millions de sujets en 1995). Cette production s’appuie sur l’existence d’organismes certificateurs régionaux, eux-mêmes contrôlés par une structure nationale, et sur l’existence de cahiers des charges de plus en plus précis, le tout complété par un étiquetage très réglementé.
Les recherches conduites pour identifier les critères de différenciation des poulets utilisés par les consommateurs français montrent que ceux-ci s’attachent préférentiellement à la texture de la viande, qu’ils recherchent assez ferme, ainsi qu’à sa flaveur, voulue prononcée. D’autres critères tels que la teneur en graisse ou le rendement en muscles des carcasses, la couleur de la peau et des plumes (quand elle est visible) sont aussi pris en considération. Lors de dégustations en aveugle, le poulet Label Rouge est très généralement reconnu et préféré au poulet standard sur la base de ces critères.
Les facteurs qui influencent le plus ces critères sont l’âge à l’abattage (surtout pour le poulet mâle) et l’origine génétique des animaux. La réglementation Label Rouge impose un âge minimum de 81 jours et l’utilisation exclusive de lignées à croissance lente. L’alimentation modifie surtout la vitesse de croissance et l’engraissement de l’animal, mais peu la flaveur de la viande dès lors que quelques matières spécifiques (farines animales par exemple) sont écartées. L’existence d’un parcours extérieur est indispensable à l’image du produit mais agit peu sur son appréciation sensorielle.
En maîtrisant ces facteurs, le Label Rouge satisfait cinq demandes essentielles du consommateur contemporain : une qualité supérieure objectivement reconnue, une production de type traditionnel, la traçabilité du produit, l’assurance de contrôles indépendants et un prix abordable.
Résultats de deux enquêtes sur l’élevage du veau laitier réalisées en Loire-Atlantique et Vendée en février 1996
Authors: BERTIN M. , CASTANIE R.
Published: July 2020

Les éleveurs laitiers adhérant au Contrôle Laitier ont été enquêtés dans les départements français de Loire-Atlantique (un éleveur enquêté sur deux) et de Vendée (tous les éleveurs) sur leurs pratiques concernant l’alimentation des génisses de la naissance jusqu’après le sevrage. L’alimentation lactée (colostrum, lait entier, lait de remplacement ; nombre de repas, etc) est très variée dans les élevages, à l’inverse de l’alimentation solide (fourrages distribués notamment). L’équilibre des composants de l’alimentation (lait, concentré, fourrage) demande à être précisé dans le cadre du sevrage précoce (à moins de 10 semaines d’âge, ce qui concerne 30 à 50 % des élevages) ou tardif (à plus de 10 semaines d’âge).
Model Pelaksanaan Putusan Mahkamah Konstitusi yang Eksekutabilitas Dalam Pengujian Peraturan Perundang-Undangan di Indonesia
Authors: Handayani I Gusti Ayu Ketut Rachmi , Karjoko Lego , Jaelani Abdul Kadir
Published: July 2020

This research is motivated by the number of unimplemented Constitutional Court decisions, although the nature of the Constitutional Court 's rulings is final and binding. This form of work is ethical normative. That investigation is descriptive. The data type used is the secondary data. Secondary techniques for the processing of data were obtained through library work. Primary and secondary data were qualitatively analysed. The results of the study show that, first, the decision of the Constitutional Court, which is not implementing the compilation of its decision, does not include a time limit for its implementation, while the decision of the Constitutional Court, which contains a grace period, is quickly followed through the establishment of an invitation regulation. Second , the model of the future functional decision of the Constitutional Court is the decision of the Constitutional Court which contains a period of grace and the institutionalization by constitutional permit of constitutional questions.

 

Keywords: Constitutional Court, time of grace and Issue of the Constitution.
Pemalsuan Akta Autentik Sebagai Aspek Pidana Notaris
Authors: Jamil M.
Published: July 2020

The notary is known as a respected official in accordance with the mandate of the law. In Article 1 paragraph 1 of the Amended UUJN, it is stated that a Notary Public is authorized to make an authentic deed and has other authorities as referred to in this Law or based on other laws. Sometimes the labeling of the word "honorable" carried by a notary is injured by irresponsible notaries. many persons who do not think long will be the result of what has been done. The increasing number of notaries and the complexity of the problems faced by a notary public there are also notaries who are entangled with legal cases related to authentic deed forgery. The State of Indonesia is a state of law, in a state of law all people are treated equally before the law, this also applies to the profession of Notary. Notaries can be convicted if they meet the criminal elements contained in Article 263 paragraph (1) and Article 264 paragraph (1) of the Criminal Code. In this study, the author conducted a juridical-normative analysis based on literature study.

 

Keywords: Authentic Deed, Criminal Aspects, Notary Public.
RESTORATIVE JUSTICE IN THE SETTLEMENT OF TRAFFIC ACCIDENT CAUSING DEATH TOLL ACCORDING TO THE PERSPECTIVE OF CUSTOMARY JUDICIARY IN SANGGAU DISTRICT, WEST KALIMANTAN
Authors: Rona Marina , Safa’at Rachmad , Madjid Abdul , Fadli Mohammad
Published: July 2020

This research aims to examine restorative justice in the settlement of traffic accidents caused by the death toll from the customary judiciary perspective in Sanggau Regency, West Kalimantan. The fact of the field shows that a customary judiciary is an option for indigenous people to settle traffic accidents that resulted in the death according to  customary decision. The customary judicial process is led by Pomuntuh Adat with deliberation for consensus involving the perpetrators/drivers and heirs of his family and heirs of the victim's family. Adat decision by punishing perpetrators to repay or reinstate victims losses due to criminal acts sanctioned the customary verdict where the perpetrators/drivers and heirs of the family pay customary fines to the heirs of the victim's family and also perform customary rituals as a form of recovery of natural balance. The matter of traffic accident that has been decided through the customary judiciary, it is not processed through the process through the state's prejustice. The research is an empirical legal research, using secondary data through literature studies. Primary Data was obtained through interviews where the results concluded that the settlement of a traffic accident resulting in a death toll in a customary judicial perspective is a real manifestation of restorative justice
Pengembangan Komik Manga Biologi Berbasis Android Untuk Peserta Didik Kelas XI Ditingkat SMA/MA
Authors: Haka Nukhbatul Bidayati
Published: July 2020

In learning biology facilities and infrastructure supporting learning and technological developments such as android owned by learners have not been used as a medium of learning. The alternative is to develop android-based digital manga comic learning media to facilitate the understanding of biological materials. This study aims to: 1.) Knowing how to develop android-based digital manga comic learning media on hormonal system material for class XI in MAN 2 Bandar Lampung that facilitate biology learning materials by learners. 2.) To determine the feasibility of developing comic-based digital manga media based on the hormonal system material for students of class XI based on the assessment of material experts, linguists, media experts, biology teachers, and learners. This research represents (R & D) Research and Development which is defined by the Borg and Gall procedure. Stages used are only up to the seventh stage of the ten stages. This research was conducted at MAN 2 BandarLampung on students of class XI MIA 1. Assessment of material experts is very decent percentage 83.75%, the assessment of linguists is very decent berpententase 93.75%, assessment of media experts is very decent percentage 85.8%. While the repson teachers berpersentase 86.25%, and the response class XI students berpersentase 82.4% in MAN 2 Bandarlampung. Based on the assessment of the quality of learning media of digital manga comic on hormonal system material expressed in criteria is very suitable to be used as a medium of learning.
Isolated Maternal Hypothyroxinemia and Adverse Pregnancy Outcomes: A Systematic Review
Authors: Tehrani Fahimeh Ramezani , Nazarpour Sima , Behboudi-Gandevani Samira
Published: July 2020

Background

Maternal thyroid hormones are vital for a normal pregnancy and the development of fetus and childhood; inadequate availability of thyroid hormones during pregnancy is associated with adverse pregnancy outcomes. This systematic review aimed to investigate the association between Isolated Maternal hypothyroxinemia (IMH) and adverse pregnancy outcomes.
Method:

PubMed, Scopus and Web of science were searched for retrieving observational studies published up to September 2019, investigating the association of IMH with adverse pregnancy outcomes. From a total of 267 articles, 15 met our eligibility criteria and were used for the purpose of the present study.
Results

Definition of IMH varied in different studies. While some studies reported no adverse pregnancy outcomes for IMH, other studies found a positive association between first trimester IMH and feto-maternal outcomes including gestational hypertension, gestational diabetes, preterm delivery, fetal distress, small for gestational age, musculoskeletal malformations, spontaneous abortion, placental abruption and macrosomia. IMH, identified in the second trimester was associated with an increase in the risk of gestational diabetes, and hypertensive disorders of pregnancy in one study.
Conclusions

There is no consensus on the adverse effects of IMH on pregnancy outcomes. Further comprehensive cohort studies using one standard definition for IMH, with large sample size and control of important confounders such as iodine status and maternal Thyroid peroxidase antibody (TPOAb) are needed for precise assessment of this association.
Association between Sleep Duration and Overweight/Obesity risk among middle-school students: a cross-sectional study in Fuzhou, China
Authors: Li Guobo , Wei Shichao , Zheng Fuhao , Xu Xingyan , Cai Yingying , Wu Siying
Published: July 2020

Background: This study was designed to investigate the prevalence of sleep deprivation and explore the association between sleep duration and overweight or obesity in adolescents from middle school in Fuzhou, China.Methods: Questionaires focusing on sleep duration and overweight or obesity related factors were collected. A generalized linear hybrid model was used to evaluate the effects of sleep duration on overweight or obesity in school students.Results: The overall rates of overweight and obesity were 12.1% and 7.1%, respectively. The prevalence of sleep deprivation among students was 82.8%. The majority of high school students (92.5%) suffered from insufficient sleep. Compared with male children with a sleep duration of over 8 hrs a day, the odds ratios (95% CI) of overweight/obesity for those with a sleep duration of less than 6 h or 6 - 8 h, were 1.63 (1.25-2.13) and 1.06 (0.88-1.27). After adjusting social and demographic status, mental health and lifestyle factors, the odds ratios of female children were 1.38(0.99-1.93) and 1.04 (0.79-1.35), respectively.Conclusions: A large number of adolescents suffered from insufficient sleep. Sleep duration was negatively correlated with overweight or obesity among male children.
Construction of a Home Exercise Prescription Solution for Youth During a Serious Public Health Emergency in China
Authors: Xiong Yan , Li Jian , Lingli Li , Lei Mingming , Liu Yan , Yao Lei , Yang Lin , Sun Deyi , Xu Kai
Published: July 2020

BackgroundCoronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) was identified as a serious public health emergency. The Chinese government required people to stay at home. The purpose of this study was to analyse the effect of home exercise prescription solutions on the physical and mental health of youth during the COVID-19 period.MethodsA home exercise prescription was formulated after investigating and categorizing the home exercise status of 4000 undergraduates during the period of COVID-19. In this prospective cohort study, 200 young people were recruited for a home exercise prescription intervention, and 200 individuals did not undergo any intervention for 4 weeks in February 2020. Physical and mental health indexes including anxiety factors, obsessive-compulsive symptoms factors, depression factors, somatization subscale factors, and sleep and diet factors were evaluated.ResultsOf 4,000 undergraduates living at home, 64.8% were dissatisfied with their physical and mental condition. Ninety-three percent wanted to adopt an exercise practice at home during the period of COVID-19. In the prospective cohort study, the average anxiety scores and sleep and diet scores before the intervention were 2.14 ± 0.43 and 2.24 ± 0.54, respectively, in the intervention group. After 4 weeks, participants reported that negative emotions were reduced. The scores for all factors were less than 2 points, and there were significant differences between the pre-intervention and post-intervention time points (P < 0.05). Differences between the two groups were statistically significant at 2 and 4 weeks (P < 0.05).ConclusionThere was an urgent need for home exercise programmes for youth during the period of COVID-19. Formulating appropriate home exercise prescriptions could help maintain physical and mental health, enhance immunity, and prevent disease.Trial registration ChiCTR, ChiCTR2000030090, Registered February 24th, 2020. http://www.chictr.org.cn/edit.aspx
Benchmarking the HLA typing performance of three HLA assays and seven NGS-based HLA algorithms
Authors: Liu Ping , Zheng Aiwen , Gong Yu , Song Yunjie , Chen Yanan , Ye Yizhou , Liu Xiao , Li Fugen , Dong Hua , Meng Rui , Chen Hao , Yao Minya
Published: July 2020

Background

With the great progress made recently in NGS (Next Generation Sequencing) technology, sequencing accuracy and throughput have increased, while the cost for data has decreased. Various HLA (Human Leukocyte Antigen) typing algorithms and assays have been developed and have begun to be used in clinical practice. However, there is no systematic benchmarking to evaluate the HLA typing performance of different HLA assays and algorithms. In this study, we compared the HLA typing performance of three HLA assays and seven NGS-based HLA algorithms and assessed the impact of sequencing depth and length on HLA typing accuracy.
Results

Seven HLA typing algorithms at 4- and 6-digit allele levels were compared on three different assays in terms of accuracy, read depth and read length. The algorithms HLA-HD and HISAT-genotype showed the highest accuracy at both 2- and 4-digit resolution, followed by HLAscan. We designed a capture-based HLA assay, which showed comparable or even better performance compared with WES (Whole Exome Sequencing). In the depth evaluation, the sequencing data were down-sampled from 500X to 10X based on the depth of HLA genes. We found that the minimal depth was 100X for HLA-HD and HISAT-genotype to obtain more than 90% HLA typing accuracy at the 6-digit allele level. The accuracy of all three algorithms did not change when the read length decreased from 150 bp to 76 bp.
Conclusion

Although HISAT-genotype and HLA-HD may need more computing resources, we recommend using them for NGS-based HLA genotyping because of their higher accuracy and robustness to sequencing depth and read length. We propose that the minimal sequence depth for obtaining more than 90% HLA typing accuracy at the 6-digit allele level is 100X. Besides, targeting capture-based NGS HLA typing may be more suitable than WES in clinical practice due to its lower sequencing cost and higher HLA sequencing depth.
Out Of Pocket Payments For Health Care Among The Elderly With Cognitive Frailty In Malaysia
Authors: Alkhodary Ahmed , Aljunid Syed Mohamed , Ismail Aniza , Nur Amrizal Muhamad , Shahar Suzana
Published: July 2020

Background

Recently, there is a concern on cognitive frailty, as a potent risk factors for dementia, functional disability, poor quality of life and mortality among elderly. Cognitive frailty is a reversible pathological transitional stage between healthy aging and disability; it is associated with increased health care utilization and co-morbidities. The study purpose was to identify socio-demographic characteristics, co-morbidities, and out-of-pocket payments for health care among elderly Malaysians with cognitive frailty.
Methods

The study included all participants of the third phase of Malaysian representative LRGS-TUA community based study. Multiple types of data were collected through a structured interviewed questionnaire including Fried’s test; Clinical dementia rating test; inpatient and outpatient health care utilization and amount paid.
Results

A total of 1,006 participants were interviewed, with 66.18% response rate. Only 730 respondents found satisfying the inclusion criteria of not having physical disability or psychiatric problem, not terminally ill, and no history of alcohol or drugs abuse. The prevalence of cognitive frailty was 4.5%. Males represented 66.6%. Hypertension, high cholesterol level, joint pain, diabetes mellitus, and vision problems, were the most common chronic diseases among cognitive frail elderly in Malaysia (69.7%, 66.7%, 48.5%, 39.4% and 39.4%, respectively). During last six months, cognitive frailty participants utilized outpatient care at governmental clinic, governmental hospitals, and private clinics (60.6%, 21.2%, and 21.2%, respectively). Out of the cognitive frail patients, only 3.0% were admitted to hospitals during last year. Around half (53%) of the study participants were spending less than RM100 per six months for health care out of their pockets, while 26%, 13%, 8% of the study participants were spending RM101 to RM200, RM201 to RM300, and > RM300 every six months out of their pockets for seeking of care, respectively. The mean total out-of-pocket payments for six months seeking of care for elderly Malaysian citizens with cognitive frailty was around RM84 (SD = 96.0) per six months.
Conclusions

Cognitive frailty is not a costly phenomena among elderly Malaysian citizens. Elderly Malaysians with cognitive frailty are probably characterized with good health and well controlled co-morbidities.
What determines pre-exposure chemoprophylaxis uptake among MSM in Nairobi? A cross-sectional study
Authors: Ndungu Kingori , Gichangi Peter , Temmerman Marleen
Published: July 2020

Background:﻿Pre-exposure prophylaxis (PrEP) is a biomedical approach for preventing the acquisition of HIV in populations at substantial risk for HIV. PrEP acceptability has been high among the men who have sex with men (MSM) but the uptake and adherence has been low. The study seeks to determine the determinants of PrEP uptake among the MSM.Methods: A cross-sectional exploratory study design was employed targeting MSM in Nairobi city and its environs. Purposive sampling was used to identify sites, where data was collected and snowballing technique employed to reach the respondents. The data was collected between November 2018 to June 2019.Results: Majority of the respondents were aged between 18-24 years at (64.75%). There was a significant association between frequency of HIV testing and ever used PrEP at a P- Value of 0.019. The place of last test and PrEP uptake was also associated at a P-Value of 0.019. A majority of the respondents at 181 (59.0%) indicated that they prefer blood self-test kit. Respondents who indicated that they prefer top were 132 (38.0%) with versatile being 142 (40.9%) and bottom at 73 (16.6%). Participants who were more aware of PrEP had a higher probability of taking PrEP at P-Value 0.002. There was an association between risk perception and taking PrEP at a P-Value of 0.0001. Some of the factors that hindered PrEP uptake include; Alcohol/drug use, there was a statistically significant association between anal sex after alcohol/hard drug use and never used PrEP at P-value of 0.027. Other factors include Stigma, discrimination, adherence and perceived side effects associated with the drugs.Conclusions: Our study shows a number of factors facilitate PrEP uptake including; being a young MSM, inconsistent condom use, frequent HIV testing, being tested for HIV in a drop in centre, reporting frequent receptive anal intercourse, being aware of PrEP, perceived high risk of HIV infection and the believe about the effectiveness of PrEP. Barriers to PrEP uptake include; concomitant PrEP use with alcohol or hard drugs, stigma, discrimination, adherence, perceived PrEP side effects and medical mistrust.
Lifestyle, psychological stress, and incidence of adolescent constipation: Results from the Toyama Birth Cohort Study
Authors: Yamada Masaaki , Sekine Michikazu , Tatsuse Takashi , Fujimura Yuko
Published: July 2020

Background
We aimed to clarify the predisposing factors for adolescent constipation in a longitudinal study, because while factors associated with childhood constipation have been reported, prospective studies on the incidence of constipation are lacking.
Methods
We enrolled 5,540 adolescents aged 12 to 13 years from the Toyama Birth Cohort Study—a community-based prospective study examining children’s health. The incidence of constipation, defined as bowel movement frequency of less than once every 2 days, was surveyed during the three-year period from baseline (grade 4) to follow-up (grade 7). Multivariate logistic regression analyses were performed to explore the association between the incidence of adolescent constipation and their lifestyle variables.
Results
A total of 261 adolescents (4.7%) developed constipation during the three-year period. Female sex (odds ratio [OR] = 2.62,) overweight (OR = 0.60), and infrequent intake of fruits (OR = 1.50) at baseline were associated with the incidence of constipation. Furthermore, factors related to lifestyle changes and psychological status such as skipping breakfast (OR = 1.73), becoming physically inactive (OR = 1.55), and being persistently irritated (OR = 1.80) were significantly associated with the incidence of constipation.
Conclusion
Our prospective study demonstrated that female sex, insufficient fruit intake, and deteriorating lifestyles such as skipping breakfast and becoming inactive during the 3-year period were associated with the incidence of adolescent constipation. Beyond anecdotal, maintaining a healthy lifestyle is recommended to reduce the incidence of adolescent constipation.
Developing a Planned Intervention Using the Behavior Change Model to Improve Self-control of Healthcare Employees: A Longitudinal Study
Authors: aldulaimi saeed Hameed , Abdeldayem Marwan Mohamed , Abdelhakim Mohamed Noureldin A.
Published: July 2020

Background

The purpose of this study is to develop a planned intervention in the health care sector in Bahrain to improve self-control of healthcare’ employees by using the new method for characterizing and designing behavior change i.e. the Behavioral Change Wheel (BCW). Hence, the study is applying a longitudinal methodology in the healthcare sector in the Kingdom of Bahrain for a sample of 64 participants over three-month period (from November 2019 to January 2020).
Methods

Procedures of this planned change task went through three stages based on Kurt Lewin change field theory, Stage 1: pre-assessment of employees’ self-control using the Brief Self Control Scale (BSCS) questionnaire. Stage 2: planned intervention via employing the Behavioral Change Wheel (BCW) as a new method of change. Stage 3: post assessment was conducted by repeating the self-control measurement, then comparing the new results with the previous ones.
Results

The findings reveal that the 13-Items of Brief Self-Control Scale (BSCS) provided different results over the three stages of the study. In stage 1 (pre-assessment) self-control level was low, while the result show optimization of self-control in stage 3 (post assessment).
Conclusion

This study adds to the body of knowledge by developing and validating a new model in change human behavior i.e. the change behavior stages (CBS) model. Practically, this study is one of its kind to apply the Brief Self Control Scale (BSCS) and the Behavioral Change Wheel (BCW) in health sector in the Middle East. The BCW has been also confirmed as a “valid” and “reliable” instrument that can be utilized by future researchers to improve human behavior in organizations.
Economics of Dairy Cow Feed Risk Management Strategies and Policy Analysis
Authors: Ishag Kheiry Hassan M.
Published: July 2020

Background : Oman traditional dairy sector recorded cow population of 382k cows required about 872k tons of Dry Mater feed per year. The raw milk production of traditional sector is low due to un-availability of formal marketing channels facilities and limited sources of local feedstuffs. The poor animal nutrition in study area caused by multiple factors associated with lack of adequate quantity and quality of feed available. The pastureland in Dhofar Region are severely degraded due to over-grazing and lack of appropriate grazing and feed management. This situation not only cause financial losses but have social, environmental and animal welfare consequences.Result : The stochastic budgeting models examined three dairy cow feed strategies and found existing livestock farming system and feeding cows with Rhodes Grass hay and concentrate with low yield of 10 Liter, 8 liters and 6 Liters milk production per day obtain the lowest net return with high probability of negative Net Returns (NRs) of 28.86%, 44.29% and 54.11% respectively. The risk premium price of RO 0.223 per liter is required to be paid to convince farmers to switch from low milk production of 6 Liters/day to a higher milk production of 10 Liters/day and reduce negative NRs risk within current feed management strategy. The Government support program are needed to facilitate formal market channels and risk premium of RO 0.297 per liter is calculated as amount of money to be paid to farmer to compensate facing risk of un availability of market access promotion facilities and compensate farmers to switch from 6 liters to 12 liters milk production level per day and feed cow with risk efficient feed strategy with Maize silage, Rhodes grass and concentrate. Conclusion : The economics, risk efficient feed management are examined and result shows feeding cow with Alfalfa forage is good strategy for high milk production cows and reduce feeding cost at low milk production level. Feeding Maize Silage and Rhodes Grass hay and concentrate is risk efficient and mitigate and manage risk at downside level if forage quality and reasonable price are maintained to livestock farmers. The formal marketing access support and improve feed risk management strategies will enhance farmers’ income, rural development and achieve environmental and economic sustainability.
WITHDRAWN: Effect of Xiaoning Liquid on Gut Microbiota in Asthmatic Mice by 16s RDNA High - Throughput Sequencing
Authors: He Yuanyuan , Luo Yating , Huang Qinwan , Zhou Hongyun , Qian Ming , Guan Zhiwei , Liu Qianwei , Zhao Qiong
Published: July 2020

Background: To investigate the effects of Xiaoning liquid on gut microbiota in mouse during asthma.Methods: A total of 60 mice were randomly and averagely assigned to healthy control group, control group, budesonide group, and Xiaoning liquid group. The later three groups were used to establish an Ovalbumin (OVA) asthma model. The intestinal bacterial communities were compared among groups using 16S rRNA gene amplification. Analyzing the structure of gut microbiota with OTU analysis, Shannon–Wiener, PCA, PCOA, etc. 16s rDNA high- throughput sequencing. Results: The abundance and diversity of the gut microbiota in asthmatic mice increased, most obviously in the control group. The Bacteroidetes and Firmicutes levels increased in all asthmatic mice. The level of Bacteroides increased most obviously, making Bacteroides a useful marker of gut microbiota changes in asthmatic mice. The levels of Proteobacterium, Deferribacteraceae and Mucispirillum dropped significantly in the Xiaoning liquid group. Conclusions: Xiaoning liquid can reduce the species and numbers of pathogenic bacteria and restored the intestinal microecology of asthmatic mice. Xiaoning liquid has a positive effect on the function of gut microbiota.
A new method to calculate the instant case fatality rate of COVID-19 in Wuhan and Hubei of China
Authors: Cao Lei , Huang Ting-ting , Zhang Jun-xia , Qin Qi , Liu Si-yu , Xue Hui-min , Gong Ya-xin , Ning Chang-hua , Shen Xiao-tong , Yang Jia-xin , Mi Yan-ni , Xiao Xue , Cao Yong-xiao
Published: July 2020

The worst-hit area of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) in China was Wuhan City and its affiliated Hubei Province, where the outbreak has been well controlled. The case fatality rate (CFR) is the most direct indicator to evaluate the hazards of an infectious disease. However, most reported CFR on COVID-19 represent a large deviation from reality. We aimed to establish a more accurate way to estimate the CFR of COVID-19 in Wuhan and Hubei and compare it to the reality. The daily case notification data of COVID-19 from December 8, 2019, to May 1, 2020, in Wuhan and Hubei were collected from the bulletin of the Chinese authorities. The instant CFR of COVID-19 was calculated from the numbers of deaths and the number of cured cases, the two numbers occurred on the same estimated diagnosis dates. The instant CFR of COVID-19 was 1.3%-9.4% in Wuhan and 1.2%-7.4% in Hubei from January 1 to May 1, 2020. It has stabilized at 7.69% in Wuhan and 6.62% in Hubei since early April. The cure rate was between 90.1% and 98.8% and finally stabilized at 92.3% in Wuhan and stabilized at 93.5% in Hubei. The mortality rates were 34.5/100 000 in Wuhan and 7.61/100 000 in Hubei. In conclusion, this approach reveals a way to accurately calculate the CFR, which may provide a basis for the prevention and control of infectious diseases.
Prolonged Apnea After Ect In Organophosphorus Poisoning – The Need To Redefine Norms
Authors: Sasidharan Shibu , Dhillon Harpreet
Published: July 2020

Background:Organophosphorous (OP) compounds act by irreversibly binding to pseudocholinesterase enzyme and hence prolong the apnea in patients being given suxamethonium. We present a case in which prolonged apnea ensued in a patient of severe depression following ECT in which suxamethonium was used as muscle relaxant, in whom we were cautious of the effect of organophosphorus poisoning.Case Presentation 53/F patient consumed OP 38 days prior to ECT. Since existing literature recommend a delay of 4 weeks and a subminimal dose of suxamethonium to prevent prolonged apnea, both these points were taken into consideration. Despite 38 days post exposure to OP, and a dose of succinylcholine of <0.3mg/kg, the patient remained apneic for 3 hours. Subsequently her pseudocholinesterase levels were also found to be very low.Conclusion This case is being presented to emphasize that behaviour of post synaptic receptors cannot be relied upon after OP poisoning and pseudocholinesterase levels needs to be mandatorily checked, irrespective of duration post-exposure.
Severe Community-acquired Pneumonia Caused by Type 7 Human Adenovirus in Immuno competent Adults
Authors: Gu Qin , Xu Ying , Shao Ran Ming , Liu Ning , Dong Jiang Dan , Tang Jian
Published: July 2020

Background

Severe community-acquired pneumonia (SCAP) caused by human adenovirus type 7 (HAdV-7) in immunocompetent adults has been of increasing concern recently. Clinical understanding of SCAP caused by HAdV-7 in adults remains limited, though the pathogen has been adequately identified by metagenomic next-generation sequencing (mNGS).
Methods

We conducted a retrospective review of all patients with SCAP caused by HAdV-7 in immunocompetent adults admitted to Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, a tertiary hospital in Nanjing, China, between July 2017 and April 2020. Clinical manifestation, laboratory findings, serial radiological characteristics, mNGS results, treatments and outcomes of these patients were collected and analyzed.
Results

A total of 7 SCAP patients with confirmed HAdV-7 infections were included. All patients were positive for HAdV-7 DNA fragments by mNGS for BALF and blood specimens. The median of the identified reads of two groups were 2783 and 1038, and the median coverage rates were 99.3% and 97.7%, respectively. All the patients were male and the median age was 23 years. High fever (100%), cough (57.14%) and dyspnea (100%) were the most frequent symptoms at admission. Laboratory data showed slightly decreased leucocytes but high procalcitonin and C-reactive protein levels. At early stage, with median 5 days from onset of illness, consolidation (85.71%) and patchy ground-glass opacity (GGOs) (85.71%) in unilateral lung were the most common findings in severe HAdV CAP. Within median 8 days after illness onset into progressive stage, consolidation developed and was the predominant finding in all patients, and 6 patients (85.71%) showed bilateral consolidations. In convalescent stage with median 18 days after illness onset, the parenchymal abnormalities began to absorb.
Conclusions

MNGS of blood or BALF could identify HAdV-7 infection accurately. Doctors should be aware of SCAP caused by HAdV-7 infection and perform mNGS as soon as possible when patients had persistent high fever, cough,decreased WBC༌high C-reactive protein and consolidation and GGO in unilateral or bilateral lungs shown by chest CT scan.
Evaluation of Association of LOC105371267 Polymorphisms and Breast Cancer Susceptibility
Authors: Liu Xiaoli , Li Dandan , He Chunjuan , Peng Linna , Xing Shishi , Wang Yuhe , He Yongjun
Published: July 2020

Background: LOC105371267 (also known as PR-lncRNA1) was reported to be a p53-regulated lncRNA, which played essential roles in the pathogenesis of breast cancer (BC). We aimed to investigate the potential associations between LOC105371267 polymorphisms and BC risk. Method: Totally, 555 healthy individuals and 561 BC patients were recruited. Five candidate SNPs of LOC105371267 were genotyped with Agena MassARRAY system. Odds ratio (OR) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were applied to evaluate the relationship of LOC105371267 with BC susceptibility. Additionally, stratification analyses based on clinical features and haplotype analysis were also conducted. Results: A decreased BC risk was observed rs3931698 GG genotype (OR = 0.30, P = 0.018) and recessive genetic model (OR = 0.30, P = 0.021). Stratified analysis with age also revealed that this SNP was associated with a lower risk at age < 52 years. Meanwhile, multiple clinical characteristics, including ER and PR status and stage were all correlated with SNPs rs6499221, rs3931698, rs3852740 and rs8044565.Conclusion: Four LOC105371267 SNPs (rs6499221, rs3931698, rs8044565 and rs3852740) were found to be correlated with development of BC. Additionally, ER, PR, and stage were also linked to LOC105371267 polymorphisms, providing novel diagnostic and therapeutic targets for of BC management.
Identification of the Expression Signature and Potential Mechanisms of miR-493-3p in NSCLC using Bioinformatics Strategy: A Comprehensive Study from TCGA and GEO Datasets
Authors: zou hongbo , Zou Hong , Luo Mao , Xie Qichao , Zhong Lijun
Published: July 2020

Background

Recent evidence highlights that miR-493-3p serve as crucial regulators of tumorigenesis. Nevertheless, the expression and clinical roles of miR-493-3p has been rarely reported in non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). Thus, this study was aim to investigate the expression status and potential mechanism of miR-493-3p in NSCLC progression.
Methods

We initially examined the expression of miR-493-3p in NSCLC through The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) database and Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) microarrays. The overlap of the conjecture miR-493-3p target genes and down-regulated genes in NSCLC from TCGA were identified as the possible miR-493-3p target genes. Gene Ontology (GO), Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) analyses and protein-protein interaction (PPI) network were constructed to explore the biological function and hub genes of miR-493-3p targets. The expression pattern and prognosis value of key hub genes were examined by Genotype-Tissue Expression (GTEx) database, The Human Protein Atlas and Kaplan- Meier Plotter database.
Results

miR-493-3p was significantly increased in NSCLC tissues and connected with tumor stage in TCGA and GEO database. A total of 46 genes were identified as miR-493-3p targets, and those involved in various key pathways by GO and KEGG analysis. Furthermore, PH domain and leucine-rich repeat protein phosphatase 2 (PHLPP2) was indicated of miR-493-3p key targets, which low-expressed in NSCLC and predicted better overall survival.
Conclusions

Our study emphasized that up-regulated miR-493-3p may target PHLLP2 and predicate worse prognosis of NSCLC patients.
Development of a Systematic Framework for Cultural Adaptation and Contextualization of Evidence-Based Psychological Interventions
Authors: Sangraula Manaswi , Kohrt Brandon A. , Ghimire Renasha , Shrestha Pragya , Luitel Nagendra P. , Hof Edith Van't , Dawson Katie , Jord Mark JD
Published: July 2020

Background

Innovative interventions to address mental health needs in low- and middle-income countries (LMICs) have increased. Before implementation, it is important to culturally adapt these interventions. There is a pressing need for a systematic approach that is feasible in settings with resource constraints, to guide not only content modification but also implementation elements to inform scalability and quality assurance. We harmonized existing guidance in cultural adaptation to develop a transparent framework for rapid and systematic cultural adaptations. We piloted this approach in Nepal for Group Problem Management Plus (PM+), a trans-diagnostic, task sharing intervention, for adults with psychological distress in humanitarian settings.
Methods

Building upon the ecological validity model, a 10-step process was used to adapt the Group PM + intervention in preparation for a feasibility trial in Nepal. A process evaluation was conducted after the trial to gather feedback on the adaptations. Detailed documentation tools were used to ensure rigor during the adaptation process.
Findings

The complete adaptation included a 10-step process; 1) Identify mechanisms of action, 2) Conduct a literature desk review for the culture and context, 3) Conduct a Training of Trainers (ToT), 4) Translate intervention materials, 5) Conduct an expert read-through of the materials, 6) Qualitative assessment of intervention population and site, 7) Conduct practice rounds, 8) Conduct an adaptation workshop with experts and implementers, 9) Pilot test the training, supervision, and implementation, and 10) Review through process evaluation. An iterative process with rapid modification of content and procedures was necessary. For Group PM+, key adaptations were harmonizing the mechanisms of action with cultural models of distress; modification of recruitment procedures to assure fit between cultural models of distress and population; and development of a skills checklist to monitor facilitator engagement with mechanisms of action.
Conclusion

A 10-step cultural adaptation process could feasibly be implemented in a humanitarian setting to rapidly prepare a psychological intervention for widespread implementation. Having a standard systematic approach will help develop a body of literature and lessons to facilitate the process for greater cultural appropriateness and effectiveness of psychological interventions worldwide.
Numerical Simulation and Experimental Study of a Sediment Sampler Sampling Based on VOF Method
Authors: He Shudong , Peng YouDuo , Jin Yongping , Wan Buyan
Published: July 2020

This paper takes the full-ocean-depth sampling device of the mechanical hand-held sampler as the research object, simulates the soft viscous sediment as non-Newtonian Herschel Bulkley viscoplastic fluid, uses the finite volume method and applies the computational fluid mechanics software Fluent to establish the sediment sampling model.VOF method is used to track multiphase flow interface. The effects of the sampling speed, diameter of the sampling tube, drainage discharge and sediment dynamic viscosity on coring rate and sampling volume are studied. The results show that the sampling volume is negatively correlated with those influencing factors. However, the coring rate decreases with the increase of sampling speed, drainage area ratio at inlet and outlet, and dynamic viscosity of sediment. The coring rate first increases and then decreases with the increase of the diameter of the sampling tube, and the peak value is related to the sampling speed and tube diameter. Then, based on the analysis of the numerical simulation results, a sampling simulation experimental platform is built and the sampling experiment is carried out. It can be concluded that the simulation results tally with the experimental results, with the maximum error being only -4.6%, which further verifies the correctness of the numerical model.
Dark Energy is a Phenomenal Effect of the Expanding Universe-Possibility for Experimental Verification.
Authors: Kodukula Siva Prasad
Published: July 2020

Vacuum energy density has been defined and mass formation from ‘space-time’ has been viewed in a different perspective. This explanation for vacuum energy is based on ‘space-time’ and conversion of space in to time keeping ‘space-time density’ as constant. Equations for ‘space-time’ and mutual conversion of space and time have been derived. As a result, new concept of mass creation has been explained. By postulating that space time density of universe is constant, low and high values of cosmological constants has been shown as the exchange of energy between space, time and energy. The concept has been used to explain dark energy concept of the universe. It concluded a result that velocity of light is changing with the apparent expansion of the universe. The derived equation is possible for experimental verification. Obviously it is a contradiction to Big bang model. So the derived equation with the help of quantum concepts explained the 2.7o K cosmic micro wave background radiation. Finally it proposed a relation between diameter of hydrogen atom and Hubble’s constant with another postulate that gives importance to the existence of positive and negative charges below atomic level that describe the basic facts of quantum physics.