bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Penyuluhan Cerdas Mengenal Post Truth pada Mahasiswa di Institut Bisnis Muhammadiyah Bekasi
Authors: Wilti Intan Ikhtiarti , Swarnawati Aminah
Published: June 2024

Kebiasaan mahasiswa saat ini ialah membaca dan menyebarkan suatu informasi yang diterima, lewat suatu media sosial informasi post truth maulai bersebaran. Informasi post truth biasanya suatu berita yang mengandung emosional ketika membuat isi berita serta tidak selaras dengan fakta yang ada, sehingga ketika suatu informasi viral di lingkungan sosial mereka maka berdampak pada mahasiswa dengan lebih mencari suatu pembenaran dan mengabaikan kebenaran. Kegiatan penyuluhan bertemakan kampanye ‘Cerdas Mengenal Post Truth’’ yang dilaksanakan pada mahasiswa ilmu komunikasi kelas regular pagi dan sore yang sedang menjalani studi semester 3 di Institut Bisnis Muhammadiyah Bekasi. Kegiatan ini bertujuan untuk meningkatkan kognitif, afektif dan behavioral generasi muda dalam menghadapi post truth dengan memberikan pemaparan dan contoh-contoh terkait bahaya dari informasi atau berita post truth. Hasil sebelum penyuluhan menunjukkan bahwa banyak mahasiswa ilmu komunikasi kelas regular pagi dan sore yang sedang menjalani studi semester 3 di Institut Bisnis Muhammadiyah Bekasi belum mengetahui dan sadar apa itu post truth dan setelah dilakukan penyuluhan dengan memberikan soal post-test, pengetahuan serta kesadaran para mahasiswa menjadi meningkat dengan baik.
Exploring Identity Transformation Processes in Human Mobility through Female Migrants’ Literary Production
Authors: Di Martino Maria Luisa
Published: June 2024

This chapter explores the reconstruction process of migrant women’s identities through self-reflexivity in the literary production of the twentieth and twenty-first centuries. Based on a wider project, its main aim is to bridge the gap between migrants’ voices in the European literature landscape. The core question addressed is: what are the dominant discourses (systemic) and experiences (individual) about race, class, gender roles linked to relationships of power/oppression that shape migrant women identities and critical writing? The main findings show that rethinking identity construction is relevant for gender equality and social cohesion.
El compromiso de las formas estéticas
Política y honestidad en la obra teatral de Lola Arias
Authors: Argañaraz Eugenia
Published: June 2024

I will focus on the aesthetic forms implemented in three plays (2016) by the Argentinean playwright and director Lola Arias. I observe the existence of crossings that refuse to be labelled, as well as images linked to an autobiographical memory where the political is positioned to rediscover a new aesthetic commitment. The children develop a work with memory in terms of Elizabeth Jelin. I identify theatrical narratives that construct links in which transmedial memory together with literary discourse are taken as necessary tools for the sons to enunciate themselves in the present.
ÖĞRETMEN MESLEKİ DEĞERLER ÖLÇEĞİNİN GEÇERLİK VE GÜVENİRLİK ÇALIŞMASI
Authors: Lala Özlem , Yazar Taha
Published: June 2024

Bu araştırmada öğretmenlerin mesleki değerlerine yönelik geçerli ve güvenilir bir ölçme aracının geliştirilmesi amaçlanmıştır. Ölçek geliştirme çalışmasında, öğretmenlerin mesleki değerlerini belirlenmesi için alanyazında yer alan araştırmalar ve kuramsal kaynaklar incelenmiştir. Alanyazın taraması sonrasında öğretim üyelerinin görüş ve önerileriyle, öğretmen mesleki değerler ölçeğinde yer alan 39 madde, araştırmanın örnekleminde yer alan 350 sınıf öğretmenine uygulanmıştır. Öğretmen Mesleki Değerler Ölçeğinin yapı geçerliğini test etmek için açımlayıcı faktör analizi yapılmıştır. Açımlayıcı faktör analizi sonucunda ölçeğin dört faktörden oluştuğu belirlenmiştir: “Mesleki Sorumluluk ve Bağlılık”, “Öğrenme-Öğretme Ortamı”, “Mesleki Etik”, “Öğrenciye Yaklaşım”. Bu boyutların toplam varyansın % 50.2’sini açıkladığı tespit edilmiştir. Açımlayıcı faktör analizi sonucunda bulunan faktör yapılarının doğruluğunun test edilmesi için doğrulayıcı faktör analizi yapılmıştır. Öğretmen Mesleki Değerler Ölçeğinin dört faktörlü yapısı bir model olarak doğrulanmıştır. Öğretmen Mesleki Değerler Ölçeği’nin güvenirliği Cronbach Alfa iç tutarlılık katsayısı .84 olarak hesaplanmıştır. Bu araştırmadan elde edilen bulgulara göre, Öğretmen Mesleki Değerler Ölçeğinin geçerli ve güvenilir bir ölçme aracı olduğu belirlenmiştir.
Türkiye’de Öfkeyi Önlemeye Yönelik Hazırlanan Programların İncelenmesi
Authors: Zorlu Eyup
Published: June 2024

Bu araştırmanın amacı, ülkemizde öfke ve saldırganlığı önlemeye yönelik hazırlanan eğitim programlarını incelemektir. Çalışma ‘YÖK TEZ’ veri tabanında Türkçe olarak yayınlanan ve dahil edilme kriterleri göz önüne alınarak belirlenen toplam 23 tez ile gerçekleştirilmiştir. Literatür taraması 2022 Eylül-2022 Ekim tarihleri arasında yapılmıştır. Literatürdeki programlar belirlenirken “psiko-eğitim”, “öfke”, “öfke kontrolü” ve “öfke denetimi eğitim programı” gibi anahtar kavramlar kullanılmıştır. Çalışma kapsamındaki tezlerin detaylı incelenebilmesi ve uygulamada birliğin sağlanabilmesi amacıyla araştırmacı tarafından “Tez İnceleme Formu” hazırlanmış ve tezler bu formata uygun olarak incelenmiştir. Hazırlanan programlar araştırmanın türü, çalışma grubu, araştırmanın modeli, kullanılan ölçekler, oturum süresi, oturum sayısı, kuramsal yönelim, programın etkililiği ve oturum içerikleri açısından değerlendirilmiştir. Araştırmaların farklı teorik yaklaşımlardan ve bazı noktalarda benzer bazı noktalarda ise birbirinden farklı içeriklerden oluştuğu, hazırlanan programların tamamına yakınının etkili olduğu ancak bazı alt problemlerde etkili sonuçlar elde edilmediği görülmüştür.
Nudity in the fine art of Austria-Hungary at the turn of the 19th and 20th centuries. Idealization, naturalism and eroticism
Authors: Cherkasov Danila Sergeevich
Published: June 2024

The study aims to identify the main directions that the fine art of Austria-Hungary at the turn of the 19th and 20th centuries followed in the field of portraying the nude human body. To do so, a number of works by Austro-Hungarian masters (G. Klimt, K. Moser, O. Kokoschka, F. von Bayros, M. Liebermann, etc.) who worked during the specified period were analyzed on the basis of the collections of museums in Vienna, as well as electronic collections and catalogs of other foreign museums. The analysis helped to identify three main trends in nudity depiction: idealization, characteristic of conservative art; opposed to idealization, naturalism, found in the works by more progressive artists; and eroticism, which represents a balance between the two aforementioned extremes, in other case the work loses its erotic charge. Although depictions of nudity are often the subject of art criticism, the three-part classification developed for this study seems to be a new and productive form of examining the topic.
Identification of the pragmatic potential of definiteness means in German political discourse
Authors: Zavyalova Alena Victorovna
Published: June 2024

The study aims to determine the pragmatic potential of various linguistic means of definiteness in media German political discourse, where the speech impact on the addressee aimed at forming a particular opinion about any political events represents the main function. The paper determines the pragmatic potential of definiteness means on the basis of the familiarity score, which is implemented in several positions depending on the intensity and concentration of the signs of definiteness and their ability to convey the pragmatic potential. The work is novel in that it is the first to examine the pragmatic potential of different-level means of definiteness within the framework of German political discourse, which makes it possible to obtain new scientific results in the consideration of the category of definiteness, since the semantic sphere of definiteness has not been sufficiently studied. As a result of analyzing the research material, it was found that definiteness means are included in the Nucleus, the Nuclear-adjacent Zone and the Central Zone of the semantic-pragmatic micro-field “Definiteness”.
The motif of “death agony” in Joseph Brodsky’s “Stanzas”
Authors: Baranova Tatiana Nikolaevna
Published: June 2024

The article is devoted to the analysis of Joseph Brodsky’s long poem “Stanzas” (1968), which has not previously been subjected to detailed philological analysis, a number of images and motifs of which cause discrepancies. The research aims to comprehend the poetic and semantic components of the genre of a “valediction”, explicated in the text in orientation to the traditions of Western European poetry, mainly by John Donne and Dante Alighieri. It is noted that the poem “Stanzas” was created during the period of Brodsky’s dramatic break with Marina Basmanova, although, unlike other texts, the work was not prefaced with the initials “M. B.”. Nevertheless, as shown in the paper, the leveled latent addressing does not cancel out the structure of the dialogical construction of the farewell verse, an (in)direct appeal to an invisible interlocutor. The scientific novelty of the research lies in the fact that it traces how the central thesis about the drama of lovers’ separation is gradually reinterpreted by Brodsky, it begins to acquire the features of separation-death, half the way to death, with the connotations of a sublimely solemn and mystical nature attached to it. As a result, it is proved that, in the view of Brodsky’s persona, the tragedy of saying goodbye to his beloved lies not in the eternal separation of former lovers (a traditional aspect of scientific and critical interpretations), but in the very fact of the ontological existence of separation.
Skoptsy and skopchestvo in F. M. Dostoevsky’s novel “Idiot”
Authors: Karpacheva Tatiana Sergeevna
Published: June 2024

The paper examines the role of the “skopchestvo” theme in F. M. Dostoevsky’s novel “Idiot”. The aim of the study is to identify the meaning of references to the “skoptsy’s” neighborship in Rogozhin’s house. The study is original in that it is the first to consider the “skopchestvo” theme using an interdisciplinary approach, that is, based on research directly devoted to the phenomenon of skopchestvo. As a result of the study, it was found that the novel’s comparison of Rogozhin’s house with a cemetery in the light of the “skopchestvo” theme takes on a new meaning: it can be understood not only as an association with the Rogozhsky cemetery – a famous Old Believer center, but also with a cemetery in the literal sense, since castrations also occurred where the skoptsy settled, often ending in the death of the adherents. In this same regard, one should also understand the fear expressed by Nastasya Filippovna that a dead person was “hidden” in Rogozhin’s house by his father not as a mystical, but a completely rationally explainable fear. Also, the role of the copy of the painting “The Dead Christ in the Tomb” in Rogozhin’s house receives a new explanation: an anti-schismatic and anti-sectarian theme is clearly introduced into the novel. A “copy” of ritual actions among schismatics, observance of traditions without liturgical communication with the church and without enlightenment also turn out to be “dead”: there is no Christ, Christ is dead in the schism, which replaced faith with ritual, and even more so, there is no Christ in skopchestvo, where, manipulating religious feelings, they maim people.
Contextual euphemisms as a linguistic means of manipulative influence in texts of characteristics (based on the material of the German language)
Authors: Petryanina Olga Valeryevna , Revina Elena Vladimirovna
Published: June 2024

The article is devoted to the study of euphemistic units, with the help of which the expression of a positive assessment in the texts of German characteristics from a previous job is achieved. The purpose of our study is to identify the euphemistic nature of individual words and phrases functioning in these texts, as well as the reasons for the appearance of a veiled nomination necessary for the formation of a hidden assessment of the utterance. The scientific novelty of the study lies in the fact that for the first time words and expressions found in characteristics are considered in terms of their use to create a euphemistic effect and improve the formal evaluative orientation of the message. This approach makes it possible to expand the understanding of euphemization as a linguistic method of manipulative influence on the recipient. As a result of the analysis, it was revealed that, first of all, contextually conditioned euphemisms are used in the analyzed documents. These language tools, nominating the professional, business and personal qualities of a subordinate, are characterized mainly by ameliorative or neutral evaluation, which contributes to improving the professional image of an employee. To derive an implicit assessment in the semantic structure of lexical units, it is necessary to involve the cognitive context behind them, taking into account all the pragmatic parameters of the communicative situation.
Intersection peculiarities of professionally significant concepts in the language consciousness of cardiologists
Authors: Kameneva Veronika Aleksandrovna , Potapova Natalia Vadimovna
Published: June 2024

The research is focused on the issues of conceptualization and identification of extra-linguistic aspects influencing the reflection of the received information in the language consciousness, revealing the connection of professionally significant concepts in the language consciousness of people. The aim of the study is to reveal whether the concept WORK is a hyperconcept in the language consciousness of representatives of the group distinguished by professional employment (cardiologists) in relation to the concepts representing the main objects of their labor functions (the concepts HEALTH and SICKNESS). The general research sample (1200 associations) was formed based on the results of two directional associative experiments with the words work, health, and disease stimuli with partial response constraints. The study was carried out on the integrated theoretical and methodological basis of psycholinguistics and cognitive linguistics. Scientific novelty is determined by the fact that the concepts WORK, HEALTH, SICKNESS are studied for the first time in the context of their representation in the language consciousness of representatives of a certain profession. The results of the scientific research allowed to establish that the concept WORK has a universal character and is an important element not only of the national, but also of the individual concept sphere. It was confirmed that in the spheres of employment requiring selfless labor, the WORK concept and the concepts denoting the main labor functions will not have a hierarchical relationship and will not act as hyper- and hypo-concepts.
Пространственное строение и противовоспалительная активность 5-N-ариламинокарбонил-6-арил-4-метил-1,2,3,6-тетрагидропиримидин-2-тионов
Authors: Бузмакова Надежда Альбертовна , Замараева Т. М. , Рудакова И. П. , Дмитриев М. В.
Published: June 2024

Исследована противовоспалительная активность 17 соединений — производных 5-N-ариламинокарбонил-6-арил-4-метил-1,2,3,6-тетрагидропиримидин-2-тионов и установлено пространственное строение одного из производных. Выявлено 10 соединений, под действием которых торможение воспалительной реакции у экспериментальных животных составило 56 – 81 %.
Получение, физико-химические свойства и антибактериальная активность гидрогелевых пленок на основе крахмала и поливинилового спирта с добавками этония
Authors: Крюк Татьяна Владленовна , Завязкина Татьяна Ивановна , Тюрина Татьяна Григорьевна , Гончарук Галина Петровна , Буяновская Маргарита Владимировна , Сененко Вероника Александровна
Published: June 2024

Получены гидрогелевые пленки, в которых полимерной основой является кукурузный крахмал и поливиниловый спирт (50:50 масс. %), сшивающим соединением — лимонная кислота, пластификатором — глицерин. Установлено соответствие их физико-механических характеристик уровню показателей коммерческих раневых повязок подобного типа. Определено, что при введении в полимерную матрицу этония (от 1 до 5 масс. % от массы полимеров) степень набухания увеличивается на ~30 %, модуль упругости и паропроницаемость снижаются на ~60 %. При содержании лекарственного вещества 2,5 – 5 масс. % его высвобождение из полимерной матрицы происходит в течение 90 – 105 мин. Пленочные материалы обладают антимикробным действием против микроорганизмов E. coli и P. aeruginosa.
Применение сорбента на основе этилцеллюлозы для пробоподготовки комбинированных лекарственных препаратов, содержащих кислоту салициловую
Authors: Качалкин Максим Николаевич , Воронин Александр Васильевич , Куркин Владимир Александрович
Published: June 2024

Показана селективность методики спектрофотометрического определения кислоты салициловой в некоторых комбинированных лекарственных препаратах с использованием для пробоподготовки сорбента для твердофазной экстракции (ТФЭ) на основе этилцеллюлозы. Селективное связывание анализируемого вещества с активными центрами в сорбенте и ступенчатое элюирование последовательно водой очищенной и раствором натрия гидроксида концентрации 0,1 моль/л в ходе ТФЭ устраняет мешающий эффект компонентов лекарственных препаратов при УФ-спектрофотометрии кислоты салициловой. Применение сорбента на основе этилцеллюлозы приводит к улучшению метрологических характеристик и снижению систематической погрешности методики количественного определения в среднем на 47 %.
Влияние этилметилгидроксипиридина сукцината на вызванные ингибиторами циклооксигеназы повреждения слизистой оболочки желудка у крыс
Authors: Иванова Елена Анатольевна , Васильчук Анастасия Геннадьевна , Васильчук Анастасия Геннадьевна , Воронина Татьяна Александровна , Воронина Татьяна Александровна
Published: June 2024

На модели повреждения слизистой оболочки желудка у крыс, вызванного 3-дневным введением ацетилсалициловой кислоты (150 мг/кг, внутрь, через желудочный зонд), установлено, что диклофенак натрия (1 и 10 мг/кг) и эторикоксиб (1 и 10 мг/кг) дозозависимо усиливают выраженность повреждения слизистой оболочки. Так, диклофенак натрия значимо усугубляет влияние ацетилсалициловой кислоты при однократном (за 1 ч до третьего введения ацетилсалициловой кислоты) и троекратном (ежедневно за 1 ч до введения ацетилсалициловой кислоты) введении внутрь в дозе 10 мг/кг; эторикоксиб усиливает влияние ацетилсалициловой кислоты только при троекратном введении внутрь в дозе 10 мг/кг. Этилметилгидроксипиридина сукцинат при 1- и 3-кратном введении внутрь в дозе 25 мг/кг не оказывает значимого влияния на повреждения слизистой оболочки желудка, вызванные ацетилсалициловой кислотой. Однако этилметилгидроксипиридина сукцинат при совместном введении с диклофенаком натрия или эторикоксибом в дозе 10 мг/кг предупреждает появление значимого повреждающего действия ингибиторов циклооксигеназы на слизистую оболочку желудка.
ORGANIZAÇÃO DA REDE DE ATENÇÃO NA ASSISTÊNCIA A CRIANÇAS COM DOENÇAS CRÔNICAS
Authors: Sousa Clara Santana , Ferreira Torres Italo Roger , De Miranda Barros Gomes Marhesca Carolyne , Lopes de Almeida Gentil Schneider Kelly Neuma , Duarte Ávila Fernanda , Schwartz Eda
Published: June 2024

Os serviços de saúde passaram por reestruturações para tentar superar a fragmentação da assistência. Nesse contexto, insere-se a saúde da criança com doenças crônicas que está amparada pela Política Nacional de Atenção Integral da Saúde da Criança como estratégia de reorganização da Rede de Atenção. Objetivo: discutir e refletir sobre a organização das redes de atenção a saúde na assistência a crianças com doenças crônicas, dentre elas a FC. Método: Estudo teórico-reflexivo elaborado a partir da leitura crítica da Política Nacional de Atenção Integral da Saúde da Criança, nas redes de atenção do Sistema Único de saúde e em estudos científicos que discutem a temática. Desenvolvimento: A reorganização dos sistemas de saúde visa promover mudanças eficazes, acessíveis e resolutivas que perpassem pelos três níveis de assistência fortalecendo a integralidade dos serviços estimulando modificações no sistema de saúde a partir da adaptação do sistema para atender às condições crônicas, utilização da tecnologia da informação, promoção da educação permanente e continuada, coordenação, multidisciplinaridade e monitoramento de processos e resultados. Considerações finais: Permitiu reflexões sobre a assistência a essas crianças, identificação dos gargalos assistenciais e de acesso, além de estratégias para enfrentamento desses problemas.
Prenatal Attachment Relationship with Pregnant Women’s Compliance in Carrying Out Antenatal Care Visits
Authors: Mokoginta Sri Venti , Dwiarini Muafiqoh , Wijayanti Indah , Lestari Prasetya , Pham Ngoc Thi
Published: June 2024

Yogyakarta's 2022 health profile shows that MMR in 2021 is 580.34 from 2757 live births. Data from Basic Health Research (Riskesdas) conducted by the Ministry of Health of the Republic of Indonesia shows that 2017 K4 coverage nationally was 74.1%. This figure shows that mothers who receive the first visit do not continue the ANC according to the minimum standard of four visits. Antenatal care visits are an effort to reduce maternal and infant mortality. High maternal prenatal attachment is believed to be able to make a close emotional connection and encourage mothers to do positive things to improve their health. This study analyzed the relationship between prenatal attachment and pregnant women's compliance in the third-trimester antenatal care visit at Puskesmas Kasihan 1. The method used in this study is quantitative research with a cross-sectional approach. The sample used was 45 third-trimester pregnant women with uses purposive sampling technique. Data analysis using the Chi-Square Test. Chi-Square Test results obtain a p-value of 0.003 <0.05. This means that there is a significant relationship between prenatal attachment and the compliance of pregnant women with carrying out antenatal care. It can be concluded that there is a significant relationship between prenatal attachment and antenatal care compliance in pregnant women. A high level of prenatal attachment between mother and baby will affect the mother's compliance with antenatal care visits. The results of this study are expected to provide additional information to pregnant women about the importance of prenatal attachment in dealing with pregnancy.
Implementation of Effective Supply Chain Management Practice in the National Oil Corporation in Developing Country: An Integrated BWM-AROMAN approach
Authors:   Department of Civil and Structural Engineering, School of Engineering, University of Eldoret, 1125-30100 Eldoret, Kenya, Kiptum Clement Kiprotich , Bouraima Mouhamed Bayane ,   Sichuan College of Architectural Technology, Deyang Campus: No.4, West Jialingjiang Road, Deyang, Sichuan 618000, China, Ibrahim Badi ,   Libyan Academy, Mechanical Engineering Department, Libya, Oloketuyi Elizabeth Abosede ,   Organization of African Academic Doctors (OAAD), Off Kamiti Road, P.O Box 25305-00100, Nairobi, Kenya, Makinde Opeyemi Oluyemisis ,   Department of Civil Engineering Technology, Rufus Giwa Polytechnic, Owo, Ondo State, Nigeria, Qiu Yanjun ,   School of Civil Engineering, Southwest Jiaotong University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610031, P.R. China
Published: June 2024

This study introduces an approach to assess the adoption of an effective supply chain management practice (SCMP) in the petroleum sector, a vital component of any country’s economy. Enhancing the sector’s performance requires an effective implementation of the SCMP to address performance-related issues in a sustainable manner. For that, the best-worst method (BWM) determined the weights of four identified challenges to effective SCMP in the sector, and subsequently, the alternative ranking order method accounting for two-step normalization (AROMAN) evaluated four alternatives to overcome these challenges. To show the applicability of our approach, the national oil corporation in Kenya is considered as a case study. Results show that collaboration between supply chain actors for the provision of transport and distribution is the most appropriate alternative for an effective SCMP for the national oil corporation.
Learning Management Systems (LMS) towards helping Teachers and Students in the pursuit of their E-Learning Methodologies
Authors: Lee Christopher M.
Published: June 2024

Education Sector in the Philippines has been successful by means of integrating the E-Learning LMS with Schools, Colleges, and Universities, because of the conventional educating and learning techniques with its pivoted scholastic schedules. One thing which advanced E-Learning development approaches becomes effective during these questionable occasions was the appropriation of instruction innovations by most establishments to restart and make due adjustments. Likewise, different organizations were prospered, and instructive establishments received E-Learning devices to give schooling through internet learning more excited. Virtual stages of lead classes, and by openness to E-Learning substance and AI-empowered delegating devices, consoled the organizations to work consistently in a computerized way. E-Learning programs have been accessible to guardians to help the learning of their Students for some time now. Proper training for example Schools and College frameworks have been utilized LMS as the essential learning and business arrangement or computerized arrangement for them. Instructors utilized E-Substance learning and recordings as reference materials, with innovation combination kept to PC labs online.
A Comparative Analysis of Cultural Alignment in Large Language Models in Bilingual Contexts
Authors: Yuan Ximen , Hu Jinshan , Zhang Qian
Published: June 2024

Artificial intelligence (AI) systems, particularly those capable of natural language processing, are increasingly becoming integral to diverse aspects of human life and interaction. Understanding the cultural biases embedded within AI, especially in how it aligns with specific cultural values, is crucial for ensuring its effective and equitable deployment. This research examines the alignment of AI-generated responses with mainstream Chinese cultural values, such as Confucian harmony, Daoist balance, collectivism, respect for authority, and family-centric principles. By analyzing responses in both Chinese and English, the study highlights the discrepancies and cultural biases inherent in AI systems, offering valuable insights into their implications for AI development. The findings reveal that while AI demonstrates general alignment with Chinese values, significant variations exist between language contexts, emphasizing the importance of cultural and linguistic specificity in AI interactions. Quantitative metrics and thematic analyses demonstrate the necessity for culturally aware AI, contributing to the broader discourse on ethical AI development and providing guidance for creating more inclusive and adaptable AI systems.
Measuring Absolute and Relative Levels of Policy Support using Conjoint Choice Experiments
Authors: Smith E. Keith , Kolcava Dennis
Published: June 2024

Public support is a crucial, often necessary, component of political feasibility for policy proposals. Conjoint experiments are commonly utilised to assess support for policies, particularly how public opinion varies by specific policy instruments, and packaged designs. Yet, while robust methodologies have been identified to compare relative levels of support between policy instruments, current strategies often limit substantive interpretations of the absolute level of support. Given the importance of majority support thresholds across democratic settings, identifying absolute levels of support can provide critical information when assessing the feasibility of policy proposals. Here, we empirically explore a simple methodological advancement -- how do estimations of relative and absolute levels of support vary by discrete choice, proposal vote and binary ratings response methods? Drawing upon evaluations of support for carbon taxation in the United States as a case study, we find that similar levels of relative support can be found across response methods, but that the absolute level varies substantially by method and whether abstention is allowed. We further evaluate response methods by efficiency and consistency, to develop a set of recommendations towards utilising multiple response items to simultaneously assess relative and absolute levels of support for policies in conjoint-experimental designs.
Boosting Textual Understanding in LLMs with Context-Aware Flexible Length Tokenization
Authors: Jones Bruce , Dixon Gregory
Published: June 2024

Tokenization serves as a fundamental preprocessing step in natural language processing, significantly influencing the performance of language models. The novel concept of context-aware flexible length tokenization, which adjusts token lengths based on the syntactic and semantic context, offers a significant advancement in the precision and effectiveness of text representation. The research detailed in this article involves the enhancement of TinyLlama's tokenizer through the integration of contextual embeddings and syntactic information, resulting in dynamic token length adjustment. The evaluation, comprising quantitative metrics such as perplexity, accuracy, and F1 scores, along with qualitative analysis, demonstrates substantial improvements in the model's ability to comprehend and generate text. The context-aware approach addresses the limitations of traditional fixed-length tokenization methods, ensuring a more coherent and nuanced understanding of linguistic constructs. The findings underscore the practical benefits of this advanced tokenization strategy, highlighting its potential to enhance the performance of language models across various natural language processing tasks. The research contributes to the field by providing a robust framework for future innovations in tokenization techniques, ultimately improving the accuracy and contextual relevance of language models.
Cross-Lingual Factual Accuracy and Ideological Divergence in Large Language Models
Authors: Tsai Cheng-en , Huang Mei-chi
Published: June 2024

The novel concept of cross-lingual content factual accuracy verification explores the consistency and reliability of responses produced by such models when posed with identical questions in English and Chinese. The novel concept of cross-lingual content factual accuracy verification explores the consistency and reliability of responses produced by such models when posed with identical questions in English and Chinese. This study meticulously analyzed the performance of ChatGPT and Google Gemini, revealing high alignment in factual responses but notable divergences in ideologically sensitive areas, attributed to cultural and ideological biases in training data. A comprehensive methodology incorporating both quantitative metrics and qualitative assessments was employed to evaluate the cross-lingual capabilities and biases of these models. The results demonstrate the potential of language models in multilingual applications while highlighting the critical need for bias mitigation strategies. The implications extend to enhancing the development and deployment of AI systems in diverse cultural contexts, emphasizing the importance of neutrality and reliability in handling sensitive information. This research contributes significantly to understanding the strengths and limitations of language models in cross-lingual content verification, providing a foundation for future improvements in AI training methodologies and applications.
Qualitative Research Analysis of using Electronic Class Record for Assessments and Evaluations
Authors: Lee Christopher M.
Published: June 2024

The Electronic Class Record (E-Class Record) from Department of Education (DepEd) is an Information Software used by Faculty Members in different schools depending on their level status of the Students at present. This Information System tool is designed to facilitate proper evaluations, assessment reports and effectively getting the total progress and performance grading results exclusively for the Senior High School Students in Diliman College - Quezon City. The E-Class Record which is formatted by using a Microsoft Excel spreadsheet file document gives the teachers an important grading information and evaluations on which class recording of grades are now more reliable and efficient. The construction of the Qualitative research study is for me to gather the descriptive analysis statements made from the respondents’ point of view, and how they have been assessed and satisfied by their own experiences in using the Electronic Class Record (E-Class Record) effectively and efficiently. Purpose - The purpose of conducting a qualitative research study is for us to know the relevance, importance, and the effectiveness of using the Electronic Class Record (E-Class Record). This may also serve as an opener or an introductory information from most Teachers who always use the E-Class Record as a basis of their class grading purposes, and they can easily identify the Information Systems’ objectives, strengths, and goals within.
A Meta-Analysis on Teachers’ Growth Mindset
Authors: Bardach Lisa , Bostwick Keiko , Fütterer Tim , Kopatz Myriel , Hobbi Daniel Memarpour , Klassen Robert M. , Pietschnig Jakob
Published: June 2024

The concept of growth mindset—an individual’s beliefs that basic characteristics such as intelligence are malleable—has gained immense popularity in research, the media, and educational practice. Even though it is assumed that teachers need a growth mindset and that both teachers and their students benefit when teachers adopt a growth mindset, systematic syntheses of the potential advantages of a growth mindset in teachers are lacking. Therefore, in this article, we present the first meta-analysis on teachers’ growth mindset and its relationships with multiple outcomes (50 studies, 81 effect sizes; N = 19,555). Multilevel analyses showed a small effect across outcomes. Statistically significant small-to-typical positive associations between teachers’ growth mindset and their motivation in terms of self-efficacy and mastery goals were observed in subgroup analyses. No statistically significant relationships were found with teachers’ performance-approach goals, teachers’ performance-avoidance goals, teachers’ performance on achievement tests, or student achievement. Teachers’ growth mindset was related to instructional practices in terms of mastery goal structures but unrelated to performance goal structures. Moderator analyses indicated that the dimensionality of the mindset measure (recoded from a fixed mindset to a growth mindset measure vs. assessed as a growth mindset), item referent and content of the mindset measure, publication status (published vs. unpublished), world region, educational level, and study quality influenced the strengths of some of the relationships. Overall, our findings extend knowledge about teachers’ mindset and add to the evidence base on teacher characteristics and their links to relevant outcomes.
Doctored Politics: Using the Componential Processing Model of emotion to understand U.K. & U.S. responses to videos of Nigel Farage.
Authors: Stewart Patrick A. , Senior Carl
Published: June 2024

Basic Emotion Theory (BET), byassertingthat happiness, anger, disgust, fear, and sadness have prototypical facial expressions and physiological signatures, is being re considered due to these emotions rarely being observed orinterpreted as theorized. The Componential Processing Model (CPM) of emotion improves upon the BET by considering how individuals appraise relevant information using a multi-stage pre-conscious and conscious process, including contextual factors. Information regarding relevance, implications, coping, and norms is processed in an ongoing basis sothat patterns of differences ought to exist based upon stimuli and the population. We consider CPM’s applicability to politics using a 1:20s long attack on United Kingdom immigration policies by current political leader of Reform UK,Nigel Farage as stimulus. We evaluate Farage’s facial behavior by manually coding it usingthe Facial Action Coding System(FACS). We then test CPM predictions using a cross-cultural on-line study of 356U.S. and U.K. undergraduates in a 2 (political context = U.S. vs. UK) X 5 (Observable Audience Response = control, applause, laughter, booing, laughter & booing) experiment that evaluates their effect on nine variables measuring CPM appraisal.We conclude by making suggestions for follow up studies.
A Practical Framework for Long COVID Treatment in Primary Care
Authors: Brode William , Melamed Esther
Published: June 2024

Long COVID, also known as Post-Acute Sequelae of SARS-CoV-2 Infection (PASC), is a complex, multisystem illness with a poorly understood pathophysiology, absence of specific diagnostic tests or criteria, or evidence-based treatments. With over 200 identified symptoms and approximately 10% of COVID-19 cases resulting in PASC, it is a challenge to provide comprehensive treatment at a scale commensurate with the illness burden. The diverse manifestations of PASC, encompassing numerous medical specialties, typically place primary care providers (PCPs) at the forefront of management, navigating an evolving landscape of research and lack of evidence-based guidelines. This paper presents a pragmatic, structured framework for PASC management in primary care, integrating current knowledge and best practices. The approach is individualized, addressing PASC's broad symptomatology through a four-step framework. The first step focuses on energy management strategies, emphasizing the prevention of post-exertional malaise, a cardinal feature of PASC. The second step, intentional rehabilitation, employs carefully titrated multidisciplinary modalities to address physical, cognitive, and emotional domains. The third step utilizes symptomatic management through both pharmacological and non-pharmacological interventions, targeting debilitating symptoms like fatigue, insomnia, and chronic pain. The fourth step outlines an approach to trialing experimental, targeted therapies that may impact PASC's underlying pathophysiology. These treatments, while experimental and lacking quality evidence in PASC, may be available off-label on an individual basis following a thorough risk-benefit discussion. This stepwise framework can equip PCPs to effectively address the most common and disabling symptoms of PASC, individualize care, and remain attuned to the evolving scientific understanding of the condition.
Machine Unlearning in Digitalized Healthcare Arena A Comprehensive Exploration
Authors: Alvandi Abraham Oshni
Published: June 2024

Machine unlearning represents a novel advancement in Artificial Intelligence, yet there is a noticeable scarcity of literature exploring and justifying its application in digital healthcare. This analytical paper serves as an introduction to machine unlearning, examining its capabilities and potential applications in the healthcare sector. By discussing machine unlearning from psychological and philosophical perspectives, I aim to provide a comprehensive understanding of its relevance and necessity. Also, this paper provides an introductory overview of key algorithms of machine unlearning and their potential applications in healthcare. As healthcare adapts to digital technologies, it is discussed that understanding and utilizing machine unlearning techniques will be crucial for maintaining effective and responsive healthcare systems.
Any notebook served: authoring and sharing reusable interactive widgets
Authors: Manz Trevor , Gehlenborg Nils , Abdennur Nezar
Published: June 2024

The open-source Jupyter project has fostered a robust ecosystem around notebook-based computing, resulting in diverse Jupyter-compatible platforms (e.g., JupyterLab, Google Colab, VS Code). Jupyter Widgets extend these environments with custom visualizations and interactive elements that communicate directly with user code and data. While this bidirectional communication makes the widget system powerful, its architecture is currently tightly coupled to platforms. As a result, widgets are complex and error-prone to author and distribute, limiting the potential of the wider widget ecosystem. Here we describe the motivation and approach behind the anywidget project, a specification and toolset for portable and reusable web-based widgets in interactive computing environments. It ensures cross-platform compatibility by using the web browser’s built-in module system to load these modules from the notebook kernel. This design simplifies widget authorship and distribution, enables rapid prototyping, and lowers the barrier to entry for newcomers. Anywidget is compatible with not just JCPs but any web-based notebook platform or authoring environment and is already adopted by other projects. Its adoption has sparked a widget renaissance, improving reusability, interoperability, and making interactive computing more accessible.
anywidget: reusable widgets for interactive analysis and visualization in computational notebooks
Authors: Manz Trevor , Abdennur Nezar , Gehlenborg Nils
Published: June 2024

The anywidget project provides a specification and toolset for creating portable web-based widgets for computational notebooks. It defines a standard for front-end widget code using ECMAScript modules and offers tools for authoring, distributing, and executing these modules across Jupyter-compatible platforms (e.g., JupyterLab, Google Colab, VS Code). The project has spurred the creation of many interactive visualization libraries and has been integrated into existing ones. The standard has been embraced by other notebook platforms and web frameworks, extending the reach of interactive widgets beyond the Jupyter ecosystem.
The development of early arithmetic skills: What, when, and how?
Authors: Cheung Pierina , Muñez David , Ng Ee Lynn , Khng Kiat Hui , Bull Rebecca
Published: June 2024

Arithmetic skills – the ability to add, subtract, multiply, and divide – are the building blocks of mathematics. Poor arithmetic skills can lead to poor job prospects and life outcomes. It is thus important to investigate the development of arithmetic skills. What constitute the foundations for arithmetic skills? When do they develop? Previous studies have highlighted the importance of the toddler and preschool period as providing foundations for later math learning. In this chapter, we provide an overview of key factors across domain-specific and domain-general areas that support the development of arithmetic skills. We then draw on existing data from the Singapore Kindergarten Impact Project (SKIP) and describe the performance of basic numeracy skills at entry to kindergarten that are relevant for arithmetic learning. These skills include counting, informal arithmetic, and the reading and writing of Arabic digits. Finally, we conclude with guidelines for promoting the development of early mathematical knowledge in the classroom and at home.
Calculation Of Excess Impact Deduction for Products and Services under IMACS
Authors: Dert Vincent
Published: June 2024

The first universally standardized and first-principal-based system of methods was developed to calculate the environmental (E) and human condition (H) impacts embodied by products and services where EH-impacts originating from employee labor are added to other production process EH-impacts. While the addition of employee labor EH-impacts is essential to correctly calculate the EH-impacts of products and services, this leads to double counting of some of the same EH-impacts under non-sustainable conditions. Without correction this would lead to an incorrect calculation of the EH-impacts for products and services and to supply chain accumulation of E-impacts. An excess impact deduction (XID) calculation method was developed to remove any excess E-impacts and prevent supply chain accumulation. The method applies universally to all products and services. Together with the personal sustainable absorption (PSA) calculation method, the XID calculation method allows the calculation of the required conservation to neutralize damaging environmental impacts for each product or service. While these conservations are increasingly applied, their cost will create incentives to prevent damaging impacts, over time leading to adequate protection and restoration of all environmental systems.
Who believes psychedelic-assisted therapies work? Risky cannabis use and other factors are associated with positive treatment-outcome expectancies
Authors: Petrovitch Dan , Mitchell Sean M. , Van Allen Jason , Littlefield Andrew K.
Published: June 2024

Introduction: Treatment-outcome expectancies are an individual’s beliefs about how a medical or psychological intervention will affect them and others. These response expectancies represent serious potential confounds to clinical trials of psychedelic-assisted therapies for a variety of conditions because of difficulties associated with blinding psychedelic trials. On the other hand, expectancies also represent opportunities for practitioners to promote desired clinical outcomes. Therefore, a stronger understanding of factors associated with positive treatment-outcome expectancies for psychedelics could be useful to both scientists and clinicians. Method: The present study examined treatment-outcome expectancies for psychedelic-assisted therapies with psilocybin or lysergic acid diethylamide (LSD) among undergraduates (73% female, 81% White, 30% Hispanic, and 22% psychedelic-experienced; Mage = 19.95 years, median = 19.0, SD = 3.14). A generalized linear mixed model (GLMM) was used to test the hypothesis that riskier alcohol, cannabis, and other substance use would be associated with more positive treatment-outcome expectancies. Results: Consistent with our hypothesis, riskier cannabis use was significantly associated with more positive expectancies. However, neither riskier drinking nor other drug use were significant predictors. Prior engagement with psychedelic-related media and exposure to other peoples’ psychedelic experiences also predicted treatment-outcome expectancies. Conclusion: Individuals with riskier cannabis use may hold stronger beliefs in the transdiagnostic effectiveness of psychedelic-assisted therapies. This suggests that clinical trials of psychedelic-assisted interventions for cannabis use disorder may be particularly vulnerable to expectancy-related confounds. Psychedelic-therapy practitioners treating patients with risky cannabis use may consider patients’ beliefs in the effectiveness of psychedelics when discussing treatment options and delivering psychedelic interventions.