bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
General Awareness and Responses to COVID-19 Crisis
Authors: Buragohain Dipima
Published: April 2021

The ongoing pandemic situation of COVID-19 has impacted people across nations while taking social media by storm with its massive pool of information. As social media platforms are full of horserace reporting and uncritical or even fake updates most of the time, users should respond carefully during a crisis like COVID-19 pandemic while consuming and sharing updates. The current study presents an exploratory analysis of and highlights language use in terms of users' general awareness of the crisis and their responses on social media platforms through a sentiment analysis of 805 Twitter messages related to the COVID-19 pandemic in India. The findings reported users' varied sentiments while expressing their general awareness about the crisis and its widespread outbreak. It also reported their use of cognizant verbal expressions and abusive words as an expression for dealing with panic of the crisis.
Framing Crisis in Seattle During COVID-19 and Black Lives Matter
Authors: Shelton Holly , He-Weatherford Zhenzhen , Peterson Shane R. , Alharthi Ahmad A.
Published: April 2021

This study brings into conversation various discourses of faith groups with scientific, government, and other organizations in order to trace how religious/spiritual communities frame societal crises through their language use in response to two interrelated crises, the COVID-19 pandemic, and recent manifestations of systemic racism. The authors use theories and methodologies of metaphorical framing to analyze how different faith organizations communicated with their members or others about the pandemic and the Black Lives Matter protests in order to understand what role faith communities play in communicating public health and civil issues, what kinds of framing faith communities are mediating, and how their communication genres impact uptake. The authors' analysis seeks to understand how faith communities can effectively mitigate the harms of these crises rhetorically and how generative dialogues could look in the future.
Effect of Pollution on Physical and Chemical Properties of Soil
Authors: Biswal Trinath , Malik Junaid Ahmad
Published: April 2021

The soil is considered to be one of the most important substances for the existence of the biotic community. The quality of the soil is continually degrading due to the continuous exploitation of human activity. The superiority of a soil is rated on the basis of its chemical and physical characteristics. The contaminants added to the soil mainly because of human activity change the usual function and ecological properties and cause of negative impacts on agricultural productivity and soil health. The property of the soil is potentially affected by urban wastes, industrial wastes, sewage water, mining wastes, oil, radioactive wastes, deforestation, and massive use of fertilizers and pesticides. Heavy metal contamination of the soil is a vital environmental problem because it is the cause of adverse effects on the biological community through the contamination of the food chain. A continuous exposure of municipal solid waste (MSW) in the landfill sites causes leachate formation; this is percolated inside the soil leading to the change in properties.
Microbes and Their Role in Bioremediation of Soil
Authors: Madhavi A. , Srinivasulu M. , Rangaswamy V.
Published: April 2021

Soil is the Earth's shell and is getting polluted in a number of ways in the present scenario. Human activities are the root cause of different types of soil pollution, which is an alarming issue and has become a major obstacle that needs to be overcome to build a cleaner environment. The area of polluted soil is widening day by day by virtue of a sharp increase in people from all over the world. It has been expected that the global population will continue to increase up to 9 billion by 2050, and such prodigious population may be in need of advanced agricultural and industrial systems, which may inevitably cause soil pollution. Therefore, it is essential to control soil pollution, and fortunately, the solution for this is microbes that are the real creatures of life on Earth. In fact, microorganisms play a unique role in the detoxification of polluted soil environments, and in the last several years, this process has been called bioremediation. Remediation of polluted soils is necessary, and research continues to develop novel, science-based remediation methods.
Microbes as Sustainable Biofertilizers
Authors: M. Halima , Unnikrishnan Sneha , Ramalingam Karthikeyan
Published: April 2021

Across the globe, in both developed and developing countries, wheat provides the fundamental support for all other important foods. However, due to climate change, environmental stress, soil infertility, etc., the yield of wheat is affected. To overcome these issues, biofertilizers are recommended. They are eco-friendly, cost-efficient, and affordable by marginal farmers too when compared with chemical fertilizers. Biofertilizers are made up of living microorganisms that colonize the rhizosphere to promote plant yield and prevent plant disease. Pesticide degrading strains of bacteria are emerging as the best technique to overcome the negative effect of pesticides. Due to insufficient awareness among farmers, agricultural land and crops are cultivated through chemical fertilizers, which became a major threat to human health and agriculture. On the other hand, the government is implementing several measures in marketing bio-fertilizers for the betterment of agriculture and human health. In this chapter, the significance and future perspectives of biofertilizers have been covered.
Favorable Soil Microbes for Sustainable Agriculture
Authors: Riaz Umair , Shahzad Laila , Anum Wajiha , Waheed Anam
Published: April 2021

Beneficial microbes are used as the best alternative against the synthetic fertilizers and pesticides. The beneficial microbes not only help with plant growth, nutrition uptake, nitrogen fixation, but also help in acquiring the ions, not freely available to plants to uptake; these microbes also guard the plants by secreting toxic chemicals by inducing defense systems against pathogens. These microbes can provide best choice to look forward to sustainable agriculture and sustainable ecosystem. The addition of soil inoculants in the form of microorganisms or bio stimulants promise more environmentally friendly approaches for augmenting crop yields. The crop becomes less reliant on chemical fungicides and herbicides as many strains of microorganism have abilities of controlling pests. In this chapter, the interaction of beneficial plant bacteria, bio stimulants, effects on native microbial communities, and bacteria influencing economically important crops are discussed.
Soil Microbiome for Plant Growth and Bioremediation
Authors: Yadav Monika , Kumari Sonu , Malik Junaid Ahmad , Khan Suphiya
Published: April 2021

Terrestrial soil is a complex part of the ecosystem hosting bacteria, fungi, protists, animals, and huge source of nutrients to plants. These soil-dwelling organisms exhibit an array of interactions with plants to span the full range of ecological possibilities. In the 19th century, many different bacterial strains were described as having plant growth favouring potential like Pseudomonas, Azospirillum, and even crop seeds were coated with bacterial cultures to improve growth and yield. The soil microbial community also recognized their considerable role to improve the soil health via energy transfer, catalyzing reactions, and nutrient mineralization. Thus, soil microorganisms and enzymatic process are generally regarded as rate-limiting steps in decomposition and nutrient cycling.
Potassium Solubilizing Bacteria
Authors: Naorem Anandkumar , Udayana Shiva Kumar , Patel Sachin
Published: April 2021

Potassium (K) is one of the essential nutrients required for plants. Although the total pool of K in the soil is generally large, the bioavailable portion is meager. There are several mechanisms through which the insoluble K can be made available through soil microbes called “potassium solubilizing bacteria” or KSB. They play an important role in increasing the solubility of K for proper crop establishment under potassium deficient soils through the production of organic and inorganic acids, acidolysis, polysaccharides, complexolysis, chelation, and exchange reactions. Moreover, they also produce specific exopolysaccharides and biofilm that enhances the weathering of the K-rich minerals and increase the K concentration in the soil solution. Hence, the production and management of biological fertilizers containing KSB can be an effective alternative to chemical fertilizers. This chapter presents the underlying mechanisms and their role in providing sufficient K to the crops.
Plant Growth-Promoting Rhizobacteria (PGPR)
Authors: Vanamala Podduturi , Sultana Uzma , Sindhura Podduturi , Gul Mir Zahoor
Published: April 2021

With a substantial decline in the use of synthetic chemicals, the growing demand for agricultural production is a critical concern in today's world. The use of plant growth-promoting rhizobacteria (PGPR) has been found to be an environmentally sound way of increasing agricultural productivity by promoting plant growth either through a direct or indirect mechanism. PGPRs are commonly occurring soil microbes that colonize the root system, which is an ideal location for interactions with plant microbes. PGPRs can provide an enticing way of reducing the use of toxic chemicals and can affect plant growth and development, either through releasing plant growth regulators or other bioactive stimulants and by taking up nutrients through fixation and mobilization, minimizing adverse effects of microbial pathogens on crops by using numerous mechanisms. In addition, they also play a significant role in soil fertility. This chapter aims to explore the diversified plant growth mechanisms that promote rhizobacteria in fostering crop yields and promoting sustainable agriculture.
An Account on Mycoviruses and Their Applications
Authors: Khan Md. Idrish Raja
Published: April 2021

Mycoviruses are obligate parasites of fungi and can infect the majority of the fungal groups. They remain mysterious to various communities throughout the globe. Mycoviruses are responsible for certain changes in fungal hyphae, which could be asymptomatic and may cause a reduction or elimination of the virulence capacity of fungal hosts by the process called hypovirulence. Such fungal-virus system could be valuable for the development of novel biocontrol approaches against fungal pathogens for the development of a sustainable environment. There are adequate reports where mycovirus has been employed as a biocontrol approach against the pathogenic fungi in the fields of agriculture and other allied sciences. The prime focus of this review is to emphasize naturally available mycoviruses and strategies to adopt the mycovirus therapy which could serve as an excellent alternative strategy against chemical prophylactic and therapeutic approaches.
The Use of Micro-Algal Technologies for Soil and Agronomic Improvements
Authors: Nyika Joan Mwihaki
Published: April 2021

Microalgae are promising tools in improving soil fertility and agricultural production in the era of increased population and the need for food security, which is mostly hindered by climate change. The microbes have the ability to sequester atmospheric carbon dioxide, produce metabolites with many applications in addition surviving and growing in harsh environmental conditions. In this chapter, microalgae species of the cyanobacteria and green algae groups are established as good soil biofertilizers and conditioners which are crucial in nutrient cycling, improved soil structure, and increased soil microbial activity. These are requirements for better crop production. Microalgae are also crucial biocontrol agents that suppress and kill plant pathogens and pests, regulate the production of phytohormones, and in bio-remediation of polluted soils. Their use is therefore a road map to sustainable agriculture and food security. To ensure their optimal use, extensive research is necessary to understand the mechanisms of action behind the benefits.
Green for ICT, Green by ICT, Green by Design
Authors: Penhoat Joël , Vaija Mikko Samuli , Phan-Huy Dinh-Thuy , Gérard Guillaume , Ournani Zakaria , Nussbaum Dominique , Dretsch Gilles , Fousson Quentin , Vautier Marc
Published: April 2021

The Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change claims that global warming can be avoided by “reaching net zero carbon dioxide emissions globally around 2050 and concurrent deep reductions in emissions of non-carbon dioxide forcers, particularly methane.” To protect the planet and guarantee prosperity for all, The United Nations has set up a sustainable development program made up of 17 goals. Among them, Goal 12 establishes sustainable consumption and production patterns so that a social and economic growth does not increase the pressure on Earth's resources, and Goal 13 constrains global warming. This chapter explores some actions the telecommunication companies have implemented: assessing the issues of mineral resources on network equipment, improving data centre energy consumption, reducing the average electricity intensity of the transmitting data, contributing to the energy transition.
Future SDN-Based Network Architectures
Authors: Haleplidis Evangelos , Tranoris Christos , Denazis Spyros , Koufopavlou Odysseas
Published: April 2021

The goal of this chapter is to provide a clear view of SDN, its origin, and its possible future. This chapter starts by taking a step backwards and looks at SDN in a historic perspective by visiting the history of network programmability and identifies how it helped pave the way and shape SDN. This historic journey will provide a general context of SDN and put SDN into perspective. Then the authors show the current view of SDN as defined by standard development organizations (SDOs), provide a sense of SDN's malleability, explore SDN interactions with different networking architectures, and finally, provide a vision of a possible SDN future.
Network Functions Virtualization (NFV)
Authors: Lopez Diego R. , Aranda Pedro A.
Published: April 2021

Network functions virtualization (NFV) is consolidating as one of the base technologies for the design, deployment, and operation of network services. NFV can be seen as a natural evolution of the trend to cloud technologies in IT, and hence perceived as bringing them to the network provider environments. While this can be true for the simplest cases, focused on the IT services network providers rely on, the nature of network services raises unique requirements on the overall virtualization process. NFV aims to provide at the same time an opportunity to network providers, not only in reducing operational costs but also in bringing the promise of easing the development and activation of new services, thereby reducing their time-to-market and opening new approaches for service provisioning and operation, in general. In this chapter, the authors analyse these requirements and opportunities, reviewing the state of the art in this new way of dealing with network services. Also, the chapter presents some NFV deployments endorsed by some network operators and identifies some remaining challenges.
Automation of Network Services for the Future Internet
Authors: Barguil Samier Said , Gonzalez de Dios Oscar , Lopez Victor , Pardini Kellow , Vilalta Ricard
Published: April 2021

Internet service providers are shifting to an open, modern, software-based architecture that enables both new operating and business models. The target architecture is loosely coupled, cloud-native, data and artificial intelligence-driven, and relies on traffic engineering-related protocols to get the full potential of the network capabilities. The components need to use standard interfaces to be easily procured and deployed without the need for customization. Achieving these goals will require a significant change in how the network resources are architected, built, procured, licensed, and maintained. Some levers to drive this transformation rely on adopting open protocols such as NETCONF/RESTCONF or gNMI to operate the network and use standard data models to interact with the network more programmatically. This chapter presents such architecture, including service provider experiences.
Revisiting the Concept of Virtualized Residential Gateways
Authors: Proença Jorge , Cruz Tiago , Simões Paulo , Monteiro Edmundo
Published: April 2021

A diversity of technical advances in the field of network and systems virtualization have made it possible to consolidate and manage resources in an unprecedented scale. These advances have started to come out of the data centers, spreading towards the network service provider (NSP) and telecommunications operator infrastructure foundations, from the core to the edge networks, the access network, and the customer premises LAN (local area network). In this context, the residential gateway (RGW) constitutes an ideal candidate for virtualization, as it stands between the home LAN and the access network, imposing a considerable cost for the NSP while constituting a single point of failure for all the services offered to residential customers. This chapter presents the rationale for the virtual RGW (vRGW) concept, providing an overview of past and current implementation proposals and discussing how recent technological developments in key areas such as networking and virtualization have given a competitive edge to a RGW virtualization scenario, when compared with traditional deployments.
From Protected Networks to Protective and Collaborative Networking
Authors: Boucadair Mohamed , Jacquenet Christian
Published: April 2021

Security has always been a major concern of network operators. Despite a pretty rich security toolbox that never ceased to improve over the years (filters, traffic wells, encryption techniques, and intrusion detection systems to name a few), attacks keep on increasing from both a numerical and amplitude standpoints. Such protean attacks demand an adapted security toolkit that should include techniques capable of not only detecting these attacks but also anticipating them even before they reach their target. Strengthening future networking infrastructures so that they become protective, instead of being “just” protected must thus become one of the key strategic objectives of network operators and service providers who ambition to rely upon robust, dynamic, security policy enforcement schemes to develop their business while retaining their existing customers. This chapter discusses the various security challenges that may be further exacerbated by future networking infrastructures. It also presents some of the techniques that are very likely to become cornerstones of protective networking.
Security Risk Assessments and Shortfalls for Evaluating and Protecting Dynamic Autonomic Systems in Future Internet
Authors: Asgari Hamid
Published: April 2021

Methodologically-sound security assessments are crucial for understanding a system in fulfilling the requirements, realizing its behavior, and identifying implications. A system is made resilient if and only if there is enduring confidence that it will function as expected. It is cyber secure if it displays this property in the face of an adversary. This chapter provides an explanation of various static security risk assessment methodologies (SSRAM) having long epochs for assessing and revisiting the risks and explains their strengths and weaknesses. The SSRAM will form the basis for elaborating on dynamic security risk assessment methodologies that must have very short epochs depending on the emergent threats and vulnerabilities to combat new or evolving threats. This is essential for handling cyber security of dynamic complex systems including future networks having a number of self-managing properties including self-protection for defending against malicious attacks.
Ubuntu Philosophy and Lived Experience
Authors: Bulawa Philip , Mhlauli Mavis B.
Published: April 2021

This chapter is based on auto-ethnographic observations of the authors. It narrates how Ubuntu has functioned among the Bakalanga communities of Botswana using lived experiences of the authors consistent with the philosophy of Ubuntu. The chapter begins by exploring different scholars' definitions of the philosophy of Ubuntu. They unanimously define it in terms of its emphasis on the need for individuals to co-exist and support each other as members of a given community. The chapter points to the negative effect of Westernisation of Ubuntu. It therefore recommends the need for the inclusion of Ubuntu in the curriculum to ensure that it does not disappear.
The Imperatives and Challenges of Passing on the Tenets of Ubuntu to the Younger Generation
Authors: Simela Oscar Dick
Published: April 2021

This chapter provides some of the challenges and difficulties that parents face in trying to pass salient features of the African concept of Ubuntu to their children. It starts by presenting a plausible definition of Ubuntu, followed by some learning theories that explain ways by which some people learn new concepts. Additionally, some folklore stories are included in the chapter to illustrate favorite methods used by grandparents for teaching some valuable life lessons to their grandchildren. An attempt is made towards the end of the chapter to summarize some of the things that can be done to facilitate the means by which displaced and fragmented families can still pass on Ubuntu to their offspring.
Ubuntu for Disability-Inclusive Pedagogy
Authors: Musengi Martin
Published: April 2021

This chapter seeks to explore the phenomenon of colonization and how it may have disrupted the precolonial harmony that existed between deaf and hearing people. The chapter uses the example of the deaf in Zimbabwe because for this particular group vestiges of not considering them as disabled remain in the collective unconscious of many. It analyzes Afrocentric, Ubuntu-based views of the condition of not hearing and teases out the possible signature pedagogical contributions of the philosophy of Ubuntu.
The Project Management of Industry 4.0 Strategy for Software Houses
Authors: Cebeci Ufuk
Published: April 2021

Nowadays, Industry 4.0 is becoming a strategic issue for software companies. Because of fast digital conversion, they should review their visions and strategies. In this study, a project management framework is proposed for software companies considering Industry 4.0 as a future strategy. Global ERP firms try to find a good integration of ERP and Industry 4.0 applications. A global ERP firm's solution partner is used as a case study in this chapter. The study includes: the development of an internet-based portal application that integrates all their business partners (customers, suppliers); a collaborative project management software; and an industry 4.0 portal. The benefits of this study after applying in the software house are explained.
The Development of Servitization Concept in the Era of Industry 4.0 Through SCM Perspective
Authors: Tabaklar Tunca , Yildirim Cansu
Published: April 2021

The transition from goods-dominant logic to service-dominant logic has captured the attention of industries for decades now. Servitization is one of the concepts that enable organizations to make this transition by providing services along with their products and has become an important competitive strategy for organizations to survive in their ecosystems. Thus, in this chapter, the objective is to increase the understanding of servitization concept in the era of Industry 4.0 from supply chain management perspective. The content analysis methodology is used to examine articles that bring together servitization and supply chain management and to find out where servitization stands with regards to Industry 4.0 applications. The findings show Industry 4.0 applications during servitization operations are yet to develop, and accordingly, the chapter concludes with further research directions in relations to servitization and Industry 4.0 applications in the frame of supply chain management.
Competency Framework for the Fourth Industrial Revolution
Authors: Topcu Mustafa Kemal
Published: April 2021

Today's business environment is described with volatility, uncertainty, complexity, and ambiguity. In order for organizations to survive in the fourth industrial revolution characterized by continuously changing resulted from digital transformation and technological development, it is critical to identify a vision, to attract qualified human resources, to motivate them, to allocate resources to complete the mission, and to speed activities up to achieve the desired end state. It is of great significance to analyze the organization and create a competency framework to harbor all relevant steps to move the organization further. Therefore, this study aims at drawing attention to competency framework for the Industry 4.0 environment. There is no doubt that a standard competency framework for the fourth revolution may not be proposed. However, as a starting point, a generalized competency framework is proposed as a sample for further conceptual and empirical studies.
Operator 4.0 Within the Framework of Industry 4.0
Authors: Singh Sarbjeet , Tretten Phillip
Published: April 2021

Operator 4.0 is a smart and skilled operator who augments the symbiosis between intelligent machines and operators. Better integration of Operator 4.0 in Industry 4.0 can bring emphasis on human-centric approach, allowing for a paradigm shift towards a human-automation cooperation for inspiring the compulsion of human-in-the-loop. This further enhances the domain knowledge for the improvement of human cyber-physical systems for new generation automated systems. This cooperation of humans and automation makes stability in socio-technical systems with smart automation and human-machine interfacing technologies. This chapter discusses the design principles of Industry 4.0 and Operator 4.0 human-cyber physical systems.
Logistics 4.0 Energy Modelling
Authors: Munsamy Megashnee , Telukdarie Arnesh , Dhamija Pavitra
Published: April 2021

Logistics activities are significant energy consumers and known contributors to GHG emissions, hence optimisation of logistics energy demand is of critical importance. The onset of the fourth Industrial revolution delivers significant technological opportunities for logistics optimisation with additional benefits in logistics energy optimisation. This research propositions a business process centric logistics model based on Industry 4.0. A Logistics 4.0 architecture is developed comprising Industry 4.0 technologies and associated enablers. The Industry 4.0 architecture components are validated by conducting a Systematic Literature Review on Industry 4.0 and logistics. Applying the validated Logistics 4.0 architecture to a cyber physical logistics energy model, based on the digitalisation of business processes, a comprehensive simulation is developed identified as the Logistic 4.0 Energy Model. The model simulates the technological impact of Industry 4.0 on a logistics network. The model generates energy and CO2 emission values for “as-is” and “to-be” Industry 4.0 scenarios.
Data Analytics in Industry 4.0
Authors: Oner Mahir , Oner Sultan Ceren
Published: April 2021

The new form of future generation machines and automated systems could be synchronized by IoT adaptation. By this way, a very large size data can be carefully stored in data repositories and have to be analyzed for extracting knowledge. Thus, optimization techniques are becoming invaluable tools for finding patterns from parallel distributed machines. On the other hand, statistical methods and optimization models could not be utilized efficiently due to excessive dimension of data. Additionally, data analytics should be applied and results should be gathered by using practical approaches especially for security, access control and fault detection issues. In this study, optimization techniques are evaluated in the perspective of big data analytics and both mathematical and statistical methods will be extensively analyzed for different versions of problem solving and decision making in Industry 4.0 era.
The Implementation of Industry 4.0 by Using Industrial and Service Robots in the Production Processes
Authors: Karabegović Isak , Karabegović Edina , Mahmic Mehmed , Husak Ermin
Published: April 2021

From the very knowledge of Industry 4.0, its implementation is carried out in all segments of society, but we still do not fully understand the breadth and speed of its implementation. We are currently witnessing major changes in all industries, so new business methods are emerging. There is a transformation of production systems, a new form of consumption, delivery, and transportation, all thanks to the implementation of new technological discoveries that cover robotics and automation, the internet of things (IoT), 3D printers, smart sensors, radio frequency identification (RFID), etc. Robotic technology is one of the most important technologies in Industry 4.0, so that the robot application in the automation of production processes with the support of information technology brings us to smart automation (i.e., smart factories). The changes are so deep that, from the perspective of human history, there has never been a time of greater promise or potential danger.
An Embedded Online Hydraulic Fluid CM and RUL-System for Industry 4.0 Manufacturing Machines
Authors: Tič Vito , Lovrec Darko
Published: April 2021

Production machines and devices, especially those that operate continuously in multi-shift operation or are critical for the production process, must be equipped with an intelligent condition monitoring system for critical machine components. This is the only way to ensure high availability and prevent downtimes in critical phases of the production processes, affecting customer delivery times. This has become especially important in the context of the strategy Industry 4.0, wherein information technology, telecommunications, and manufacturing are united when the means of production are becoming more independent. This also applies to hydraulic fluid, an important component of most heavy machinery. The chapter presents the design and advantages to be achieved by the implementation of a comprehensive online condition monitoring (OCM) and remaining useful lifetime (RUL) system of built-in hydraulic fluid. The presented OCM-RUL system is designed conceptually for Industry 4.0 and focuses on the remote monitoring and self-diagnosis function of health condition for the fluid.
Towards a Framework for Assessing the Maturity of Manufacturing Companies in Industry 4.0 Adoption
Authors: Scremin Luca , Armellini Fabiano , Brun Alessandro , Solar-Pelletier Laurence , Beaudry Catherine
Published: April 2021

The recent introduction of new disruptive technologies aimed at monitoring, controlling, optimizing, and automating production systems is shifting the manufacturing landscape towards a fourth industrial revolution. In this new industrial paradigm, manufacturing companies face complex challenges requiring the development of new organizational and technological capabilities. With this context in mind, this chapter is intended to provide a maturity assessment framework to understand the transformation process in manufacturing companies transitioning to Industry 4.0. The proposed framework is applied to 10 in-depth industrial case studies in Canada and Italy, two countries with increasing awareness of the Industry 4.0 revolution. A comparative case analysis revealed four different standards, or archetypes, for Industry 4.0 adoption, which are discussed and analyzed, highlighting a relationship between a company's manufacturing configuration and its path towards Industry 4.0 adoption.
Industry 4.0 in Pumping Applications
Authors: Bastos Luiz Eduardo Marques
Published: April 2021

This chapter addresses the so-called Industry 4.0 and some of its applications in industrial pumps, seeking to emphasize its characteristics and benefits. The introduction of 4.0 industry technologies in this traditional industry can cause profound changes in existing business models, providing greater customer satisfaction, either improving the effectiveness of equipment operation, contributing to better adjustment to working conditions, and also prolonging their life cycle. We are still in the early stages of these technologies and a lot is yet to evolve; however, there are already interesting examples developed by some pump manufacturers around the world, some of which will be mentioned in this chapter. It is subdivided into three main parts, namely brief historical panorama from the first industrial revolution to Industry 4.0, current applications in the industrial pump industry, and finally, future research directions and conclusion.
Smart Make-to-Order Production in a Flow Shop Environment for Industry 4.0
Authors: Rahman Humyun Fuad , Janardhanan Mukund Nilakantan , Axel Nielsen Peter
Published: April 2021

The permutation flow shop scheduling problem is one of the popular problems in operations research due to its complexity and also its practical applications in industries. With the fourth generation industrial revolution, decisional aspects in make to order flow shop environment needs to be decentralized and autonomous. One of the aspects is to consider a real-time or dynamic production environment where customers place orders into the system dynamically and the decision maker has to decide whether the order can be accepted considering the available production capacity and how to schedule the jobs of an accepted order. To answer these research questions, in this chapter, the authors introduce a new decision-making, real-time strategy intended to yield flexible and efficient flow shop production schedules with and without setup conditions, Numerical experiments based on realistic problem scenarios show the superiority of the proposed real-time approach over traditional right shifting approaches.
Industry 4.0 and Its Effects on the Insurance Sector
Authors: Yıldırım İsmail
Published: April 2021

Industry 4.0 defines the fourth industrial revolution, a new level in the organization and management of products and production systems. This cycle consists of services that include the entire chain, including individualized customer requests, product development, production order, distribution, and recycling to the end user. One of the most important preconditions for the realization of the Industry 4.0 revolution is that companies have completed their digital transformations. New technologies and digitalization have brought a new understanding of insurance. Insurance companies are focused on four areas such as big data, artificial intelligence, internet of objects, and blockchain in the changing world. With the changing habits of consumers in their daily lives, new generation insurance needs emerged. The introduction of a new era shaped by the insurance industry with new products, services, competitors, and customer expectations will have various effects. This chapter describes how Industry 4.0 transforms the insurance sector.
Identification of Challenges and Opportunities for Work 4.0 Competences Developing in Slovakia
Authors: Fidlerová Helena , Porubčinová Martina , Fero Martin , Novotná Ivana
Published: April 2021

Industry 4.0 and its effect on processes and people becomes reality with all organizational and technological complex implications for the future. States around the world including Slovakia face the challenge of defining strategy on how to convert the challenges of Industry 4.0 into competitive advantage. This chapter focuses on Work 4.0 competences development, analyzed in the level of enrichment of the human capital content as well as in the level of labor market polarization. The aim of this chapter is to present opportunities and threats in competence development regarding the concept of Intelligent Industry and discuss sustainable solutions in the context of National Action Plan of Intelligent Industry of Slovak Republic, looking for win-win strategy. The authors analyze differences in competences achieved via education system in Slovakia and expectations of industry. Special attention is given the situation in Slovakia, country-oriented on automotive and with strong cooperation with Germany as innovation leader in European countries, to find strategy within this no zero game.
Strategies of Sustainable Bioeconomy in the Industry 4.0 Framework for Inclusive and Social Prosperity
Authors: İşcan Erhan
Published: April 2021

The last two decades have witnessed unpredictable transformations in knowledge-related areas. The main reason for this change is the fourth industrial revolution, a knowledge revolution affecting fields like the bioeconomy. The third industrial revolution, which induced the use of fossil-based energy sources, created a major global problem. Likewise, the third industrial revolution introduced the problem of the excess usage of food, animals, water, and other resources. Industry 4.0 offers an efficient solution to excessive tendencies. This chapter aims to analyze changes and offer strategies in the bioeconomy framework within Industry 4.0.
Industry 4.0 and Its Impact on Working Life
Authors: Ofluoglu Gokhan
Published: April 2021

The natural development of history of humanity confronts the societies with a new industrial wave making use of the opportunities of the information and communication technologies. While the concept of labor depending on muscle force that produced the emergence of modern societies withdraws from production process, the gap is filled by intelligent machinery which automatically decides by itself by employing machinery automation and internet technologies. In the new social order, people determine their own standing according to their intellectual build-up instead of muscle power. Industry 4.0 brings a lot of advantages together with the reduction of source consumption, energy productivity, production efficiency, stabilization of rising workforce expenditures, and prevention of the impact of aging societies on production. Although problems come up on the issues of setting the intelligence of machinery and accomplishing workforce market that fits the industrial revolution, technological developments and the subsidies draw the actualization date of the process forward.
The Impact of New Technology on Society and Workforce in Production in the Era of Industry 4.0
Authors: Zafer Cem , Vardarlier Pelin
Published: April 2021

The industrial revolution, which took place in the 20th century, is the first step of similar developments in the ongoing centuries. In the first steps of this century, the use of steam machines in production is the first steps of a more serial and systematic production structure. With the advancing developments up to the industrial revolution or Industry 4.0, a structure quite different from the initial stage was formed. In the most general sense, the Industry 4.0 structure, defined as the internet of objects, emerges with a more systematic and self-functioning structure discourse in its production activities, but its effects are not only related to production activities. As a matter of fact, the use of Industry 4.0 at the point reached, human resources, employment, social classes, communities, and so on. It is thought to be effective on the structures. In this context, in this study, the effects of the social impacts of these processes and the ways in which Industry 4.0 can create a social structure have been explained.
Innovation Capability for SME Biomass Industry Performance
Authors: Fang Teoh Ming , Wei Lee Heng , Muthuveloo Rajendran
Published: April 2021

Industry 4.0 exerts great pressure on the organization today to innovate its business model in order to stay competitive. This study examines the positive and indirect effect of human resource management, organizational culture, knowledge management capabilities on organizational performance, with the mediating effect of organizational innovation capability among small and medium-sized enterprise (SME) in biomass industry in Malaysia. In addition, this study integrates resource-based view (RBV) and dynamic capabilities theories to investigate how the organization utilize its resources and capabilities to enhance organizational performance. Data were collected using survey questionnaire from biomass SMEs located in Malaysia. Structural equation modelling (Smart PLS 3.0) was used to test and analyze the data. The findings reveal that knowledge management capability and organizational culture exert a positive influence on organizational innovation capabilities. Similarly, organizational innovation capabilities also found to positively affect organizational performance.
Industry 4.0 in Cultural Industry
Authors: Kargas Antonios , Varoutas Dimitrios
Published: April 2021

This chapter enlightens how Industry 4.0 is gradually implemented in Cultural Industry. Even though Industry 4.0 started from manufacturing, it soon expanded to less technologically consuming industries, such as the Cultural, creating new opportunities especially in the field of Virtual Reality and Augmented Reality technologies. Taking into account existing research on Industry 4.0 and its main technologies and existing research and projects on Cultural Heritage's aspects related with the 4th Industrial Revolution, the chapter investigates how Industry 4.0 is implemented into Cultural Sector from a technological point of view, but moreover to investigate its potential role.
Accessible@tourism 4.0
Authors: Teixeira Pedro , Teixeira Leonor , Eusébio Celeste
Published: April 2021

This chapter describes how Tourism 4.0 is a concept that combines tourism and the fourth industrial revolution, and although the literature in this field is very scarce, this concept has been explored in some research projects, such as the government-sponsored research project in Slovenian tourism. People with various kinds of access requirements represent a combination of challenges and opportunities for the tourism industry. Tourism 4.0 set up the main goals of making tourism accessible to everyone at any time. Therefore, this new phenomenon may have an essential role in the development of accessible tourism. The adoption of technological components in accessible tourism enables the development of a new technological solution that can facilitate access to tourism products for disabled people, contributing to the development of accessible tourism. The new term Accessible@Tourism 4.0 is the answer to the role of the fourth industrial revolution in accessible tourism, emphasizing the effect of Industry 4.0 components in the tourism sector.
Agile Approaches for Successfully Managing and Executing Projects in the Fourth Industrial Revolution
Authors: Emejom Alexius A. , Burgess Carl , Pepper Donna , Adkins Joan
Published: April 2021

The fourth industrial revolution utilizes artificial intelligence by automating large quantities of numbers to increase the chances of project success. The Project Management Institute lists examples of project outcomes, including but not limited to the Pyramids of Giza, the Great Wall of China, the Panama Canal, and the placement of the International Space Station into Earth's orbit. This chapter highlights how the fourth industrial revolution (Industry 4.0) impacted the evolution of agile project management practices. It discusses how these could be applied in conjunction with traditional waterfall project management or as a standalone approach. Topics discussed include a definition and elements of project management, waterfall vs. agile project management, transitioning to agile methods, developments in agile project management, agile practices, and leading agile projects and project managers.
Strategic Management in SMEs in Industry 4.0
Authors: Arıcıoğlu Mustafa Atilla , Yiğitol Büşra
Published: April 2021

It is envisioned that the fourth industrial revolution contains many concepts such as modern automation and production systems, data collection, data processing, analysis, and data transfer and consists of intelligent factory applications such as augmented reality, the internet of things, cyber physical, and cyber security systems. It reveals the fact that a new era awaits enterprises in the relationship between technology and production due to these predictions for future changes. SMEs are one of the important segments that these triggers, which are the precursors of structural change, will affect. So how will SMEs experience the Industry 4.0 process? What do unmanned factories mean for SMEs? Which countries/SMEs will have the Industry 4.0 technology and Industry 4.0 infrastructure which require high capital, Which of them will create opportunities? In this chapter, the problems that SMEs will face in the digital transformation process and the political and strategic approaches that can be developed to deal with these problems will be evaluated.
Industry 4.0-Based Enterprise Information System for Demand-Side Management and Energy Efficiency
Authors: Musti K. S. Sastry , Iileka Helvi , Shidhika Fenni
Published: April 2021

The supply demand gap in energy sector in any country is a major challenge. Demand side management (DSM) and energy efficiency (EE) are the well-known solutions in the short term, and capacity addition is the long-term solution. However, both DSM and EE initiatives require significant investment and logistics if implemented in the traditional approach. The contemporary Industry 4.0 principles can be effectively applied to resolve several issues. This chapter proposes a novel enterprise information system (EIS) by treating the modern power systems as cyber physical system and to manage the processes of DSM and EE. A prototype system is suggested to pave the path for EIS, and the functional characteristics are illustrated with a few data visualizations.
Professional Training in Tourism for the Fourth Industrial Revolution
Authors: García Rosa María Rivas , Ruiz Jésica Alhelí Cortés
Published: April 2021

At present, the World Tourism Organization indicates that, as a worldwide export category, tourism occupies the third position, behind chemical and fuel products and ahead of the automotive industry. In many developing countries, tourism is the main export sector. Therefore, the purpose of this chapter is to propose an approach to the training of tourism professionals for the fourth industrial revolution, so this chapter proposes an approach to educational competencies in the training of tourism professionals for Industry 4.0 with a focus in sustainable development; initially, the subject of educational competencies in higher education will be described, since derived from these, professional competencies are achieved. Next, the exploration of the concepts of intellectual capital, tourism, and the fourth industrial revolution will be shown; to conclude the authors show the relation of the thematic axes.
Technodata and the Need of a Responsible Industry 4.0
Authors: Tabarés Gutiérrez Raúl , Echeverría Ezponda Javier
Published: April 2021

The great transformation that will face European industry is driven by the need of digitizing the entire value chain around manufacturing for creating competitive advantages to maintain a dominant position in the global economy. This new paradigm is commonly known as Industry 4.0, and it has a significant policy support from the European Commission as well as different member states. However, this transition is full of uncertainties as the digitization of industry creates different concerns about employment, privacy, labor rights, and other issues related with this technological revolution. In this chapter, the authors trace back the origins of Industry 4.0 to the Web 2.0 phenomenon as well as they reflect upon the role of technodata and technofactories in a postindustrial society. Finally, they stress the need to reflect about developing a responsible digitization of industry that will consider societal concerns.