bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Tomographic particle image velocimetry measurement on three-dimensional swirling flow in a swirl cup
Authors:   Fluid Mechanics Key Laboratory of Education Ministry, Beihang University, Zhou Yuyang , Wang Sihan ,   Fluid Mechanics Key Laboratory of Education Ministry, Beihang University, Dong Lin ,   School of Mechanical and Automotive Engineering, Shanghai University of Engineering Science, Rinoshika Akira ,   Department of Mechanical Systems Engineering, Yamagata University
Published: February 2024

Three-dimensional swirling flow structures in a confined chamber, generated by an axial swirler with different swirl numbers S (0.461, 0.799, 1.384), are experimentally investigated at Reynolds number of 1.9 × 104 using tomographic particle image velocimetry and planar particle image velocimetry. The time-averaged flow structure indicates that 8 vanes impart the swirling flow into 8 sectors which are confined as multichannel swirling jets. Proper orthogonal decomposition analysis is employed to decompose the swirling flow structures for each swirl number. At S = 0.461, the separated multichannel swirling promotes the precessing vortex core , which deforms from the inner shear layer and play the dominant role in the flow structure. A lower reconstruction result shows that the formation of PVC (precessing vortex core) and the confinement induces the outer secondary vortex synchronously. Multichannel flow induced by the vanes results in non-homogeneous PVC (precessing vortex core), indicating that the intensity of the vortex is related to the local velocity field. At the higher swirl number (S>0.799), the swirling flow impacts the confinement and another large-scale structure characterized as explosive breakup governs jet instability instead of PVC.
Study on Combustion instability of Secondary Combustion in an Axial Staged Model Combustor
Authors:   School of Mechanical Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Ge* Bing , Li Yuze ,   School of Mechanical Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Jia Yuliang ,   Advanced Power Research Institute, Hangzhou Steam Turbine Co. LTD, Jin Min ,   School of Mechanical Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Zang Shusheng ,   School of Mechanical Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University
Published: February 2024

The experimental study is carried out to reveal the influence of the disturbance of main combustion air inlet on the axial staged combustion. The response of the combustion characteristics in the primary and secondary combustion chambers are obtained by acoustically forcing the inlet air to oscillate. The results indicate that the dominant frequency of combustion oscillation in the axial staged combustor is basically as the same as that of acoustic excitation. The pressure is more pronounced at the forced frequency of 270 Hz. Compared with the stable combustion state, the reburning flame is lifted and shrinks when the main air is oscillated. The spatial band area of the flame centroid fluctuations is transformed from the height (Y) direction to the streamwise (Z) direction. Combustion oscillation reduces the fluctuation range of reburning flame in the Y direction but expands in the Z direction. It is found that the dominant frequency of 201 Hz appears along in both Y and Z directions at the stable combustion status. In the case of forced oscillation, the dominant frequency of 270 Hz occurs along the Z and Y directions, and the amplitude of the original fluctuation of the reburning flame in the Z direction increases.
ABC IN AN INNOCUOUS OSSIFYING FIBROMA – A CASE REPORT
Authors: Kumar Kapil Dev , Murugan R , Sherin Herald J , Bharathi K
Published: February 2024

Ossifying fibroma is a rare, slow-growing, benign, non-odontogenic tumour of the jaw seen in the head and neck region. This article presents the case of residual cyst in the right-side mandibular region of a 38-year old female patient. The patient gave a history of swelling in the right lower back tooth region (46- FDI system) which was diagnosed as missing tooth of a previous extraction done 4 years back. Clinically and radiographically, the lesion resembled residual cyst of odontogenic origin whereas histopathologically the examination revealed, a diagnosis of Ossifying Fibroma with aneurysmal bone cystic degeneration which mimic and masqueraded each other.

KEYWORDS Cemento-ossifying fibroma, Residual cyst, Fibro-osseous lesion.
NON-PERFORATING INTERNAL RESORPTION – DIAGNOSIS AND ENDODONTIC MANAGEMENT IN MAXILLARY LATERAL INCISOR
Authors: Agrawal Vineet , Shah Arpit , Kapoor Sonali
Published: February 2024

Internal resorption is the pathologic conditiondue to inflamed pulp and the clastic precursor cells recruiting through the blood vessels. Treatment of internal resorption may be an endodontic challenge if not diagnosed and treated correctly. Recent advances in imaging technologies and material science enabled the clinician to visualize the defect 3 dimensionally and repair them with bioactive materials with adequate sealing. This case report describes a diagnosis of a non-perforating internal resorption using cone beam computed tomography (CBCT) and its endodontic management using Biodentine.

KeyWords: Internal root resorption, CBCT, Biodentine
SPORTS DENTISTRY: A REVIEW
Authors: Malhotra Taniya , Sachdeva Akshat , Bhateja Sumit , Arora Geetika
Published: February 2024

Sports dentistry is one of the most important and upcoming fields in dentistry. Sports dentistry includes the prevention and management of athletics-related orofacial injuries and associated oral cavity diseases. The most noteworthy angle in forestalling sports-related orofacial injuries is guarding up with defensive devices, for example, appropriately fitting helmets, face masks and additionally mouth guards. Athletes are not well versed of the health implications of a traumatic injury to the mouth or of the potential for incurring severe head and orofacial injuries while playing.The dentist can play an essential role in notifying athletes, coaches and patients about the importance of preventing orofacial injuries in sports. The present article aims to elevate professional awareness and interest towards sports dentistry and the injuries.

Keywords: Dental injury, Sports dentistry, Mouth guard, Orofacial injuries.
Enhancing Esthetics of Fixed Prosthesis in Anterior Region with an Innovative Pontic Design in conjunction with Periodontal Plastic Surgery-A Case Report
Authors: Dange Bhagyashree , Fernandes Carol
Published: February 2024

Brief Background
Background- When an anterior tooth is extracted as a result of trauma or carious lesion, there is a consequential loss of soft and hard tissues. This localized alveolar ridge defect complicates the prosthetic treatment. Moreover, un-aesthetic consequences add to the patient’s psychosocial stigma. Treatment of these defects is by either soft or hard tissue augmentation in conjunction with aesthetic fixed prosthesis.

Materials and Methods
Case presentation- This case report enumerates the sub-epithelial connective tissue graft augmentation to gain the deficient gingival form for prosthetic treatment of missing tooth in anterior region. The surgical “trap door” technique is elucidated in conjunction with E pontic design in prosthetic phase.

Summary and Conclusions
Conclusion-The fundamental objective of prosthetic management is to improve patient’s facial appearance, psychological health and achieving functional arch stabilization. This inter-disciplinary approach for patient care improves overall outcome of the treatment.

Key Words
E pontic, Facial Aesthetics, Aethetic rehabilitation, Gingival contour
Cavernous sinus thrombosis: Sequelae of dental extraction - A rarity
Authors: Kiran B. Sarat Ravi , Bharadwaj B , Paul Dushyanth , Reddy Ramkrishna
Published: February 2024

It is a well-known fact that cavernous sinus thrombosis is a rare life-threatening disorder that can complicate a facial infection or a traumatic injury particularly in the presence of a thrombophilic disorder. Only few cases have been documented in the past pertaining to death following a dental extraction. We report a case of a patient who underwent extraction of his upper right molar that lead to total ophthalmoplegia of his right eye within one week of extraction followed by high signs and symptoms of cavernous sinus thrombosis and ultimately death of the patient.

Key Words: cavernous sinus, extraction, thrombosis
Full Mouth Rehabilitation of Early Childhood Caries: A Case Report
Authors: Dantham Priyanka , Bellamkonda Pooja , Anchala Karthik
Published: February 2024

Early childhood caries (ECC) is a major health concern that affects the oral health of infants and children negatively. This leads to reduced vertical dimension, masticatory insufficiency, esthetics, development of parafunctional habits such as tongue thrusting and psychological problems. The following case report of ECC documents the restoration ofdecayed primary teeth to improve the oral and general health and help the child to gain the self-confidence. The treatment described is simple and effective and it represents a promising alternative for rehabilitation of decayed primary teeth.

Keywords: Early Childhood Caries, Full Mouth Rehabilitation, Pulpectomy,
Strip Crowns, Stainless Steel Crowns.
Management of fracture in a tooth with previous history of fracture and fragment reattachment - An unexpected complication
Authors: Umasankar Mitul , Annamalai Sankar , Farzan Jamaluddin Mohammed
Published: February 2024

Dental trauma duringthe young age will certainly affect the overall dental occlusal equilibrium. Complicated crown root fractures are difficult to manage as they are technique sensitive and demand patient’s compliance towards the maintenance throughout the treat-ment. Failure of maintenance will lead to treatment failure making the tooth to be indicated for extraction. This is a case of complicated crown root fracture where a 10-year-old child failed to take care of a stabilised tooth leading to fracture of crown en mass. The tooth was later indicated for root submergence procedure followed by removable partial denture as prosthetic replacement.

Key Words
Apexogenesis, Crown en Mass Fracture, Crown Root Fracture, Immature Tooth, Root Submergence
An endo-aesthetic management of a chronic infl ammatory lesion in a dilacerated mandibular central incisor and its rehabilitation with fi ber post: A one year follow-up case report
Authors: Anu Anu , Garg Ishika , Garg Swati , Namdev Ritu , Singhal Ruchi
Published: February 2024

Necrosis of pulp with periapical changes is common detrimental sequelae of dental traumatic injuries to teeth if not treated early. Conventional endodontic treatment alone may be difficult or ineffective in such cases especially in teeth with morphological deviations (e.g. dilacerated root) wherein traditional treatment approach may be insufficient to eliminate the infection from the complex root canal system. In such cases, a combination of conventional and surgical endodontic therapy is deemed necessary to completely eliminate the periradicular pathosis and promote apical healing. Moreover, prompt placement of coronal restoration is essential in such cases to seal the canal and improve prognosis of endodontically treated teeth. The present case report describes successful endo-aesthetic management of a chronic large periapical lesion in left permanent mandibular central incisor with dilacerated root with combined root canal and surgical endodontic treatment followed by its rehabilitation with fiber post and porcelain fused to metal (PFM) crown.

Keywords: Chronic inflammatory lesion, Endo-aesthetic management, Fiber post, Rehabilitation, Surgical endodontics.
Management of a case of ankyloglossia using diode laser in a patient of underlying systemic condition/syndrome
Authors: Sharma Dharitri , Medhi Dikshita , Kumari Diya
Published: February 2024

Background
Tongue-tie or ankyloglossia is a rare congenital anomaly. It is a short, thick, and fibrosed lingual frenulum which causes restriction in function of the tongue and also in speech. For its management laser has some advantages over other techniques like less operative time, haemostasis, less postoperative complications.

Result
Uneventful healing was observed in 7 days as laser is less invasive, resulting in better healing.

Conclusion
Tongue being highly vascular and mobile structure, laser-assisted lingual frenectomy is the simplest, safest and less traumatic of all the treatment modalities available.

Keywords: Ankyloglossia, Diode laser, Tongue-tie
Avulsive degloving soft tissue injury of the lower face in a child: A case report
Authors: Manohar B. K. , Kiran B. , Babu Vaka Ramesh , Gali Rajasekhar
Published: February 2024

Facial degloving injuries occur when the skin and subcutaneous tissues separate from the underlying muscles, fascia and bones. These injuries frequently pose a reconstructive challenge for surgeons, especially when complications such as wound infection or necrosis of the avulsed flap are present. The challenges in the operative management and post operative care of a case of facial degloving injury with full thickness avulsed flap involving lower face extending in to the supra hyoid region of the neck is presented in this case report. Treatment of such facial wounds in children requires a well co-ordinated team approach between the maxillofacial surgeon, anesthesiologist and paediatrician to deliver optimum aesthetic and functional results.

Keywords: Avulsion, Degloving, Maxillofacial injuries, Soft tissue facial injuries
Can someone lose their hair due to a tooth infection? A report of two cases
Authors: Gaba Ankush , Singh Minerva , Das T. Ajay , Kumar Sanjeev , Chowdhry Ankit , Singla Isha
Published: February 2024

Head and neck space infections are frequently encountered by oral and maxillofacial surgeons but their association with alopecia areata is rarely reported. There is a lack of definitive etiopathogenesis for alopecia areata occurring as a consequence of dental infection. We report two such cases where alopecia was noted as a result of odontogenic infection. Here, in this report, we have concluded that despite the well-established etiology of alopecia areata, the possibility of its occurrence due to an odontogenic source of infection is still a mystery.

Key Words
Alopecia areata, Dermatology, Dental caries, Dental decay, Fascia
Management of Impacted Canine with Damon System – A Case Series
Authors: S. Rajeswari , Sabapathy Kannan
Published: February 2024

One of the most commonly impacted teeth after third molars is the canine. To achieve a successful functional occlusion, the canine has to be disimpacted, and orthodontic traction is given using various canine springs in conventional bracket prescription. This case series aims to align the canine without any additional mechanics but using the Damon philosophy.
Key Words: Impacted teeth, Management, Orthodontic, Third molar
Physiological cell bioprinting density in human bone-derived cell-laden scaffolds enhances matrix mineralization rate and stiffness under dynamic loading
Authors: de Leeuw Anke M. , Graf Reto , Lim Pei Jin , Zhang Jianhua , Schädli Gian Nutal , Peterhans Sheila , Rohrbach Marianne , Giunta Cecilia , Rüger Matthias , Rubert Marina , Müller Ralph
Published: February 2024

Human organotypic bone models are an emerging technology that replicate bone physiology and mechanobiology for comprehensive in vitro experimentation over prolonged periods of time. Recently, we introduced a mineralized bone model based on 3D bioprinted cell-laden alginate-gelatin-graphene oxide hydrogels cultured under dynamic loading using commercially available human mesenchymal stem cells. In the present study, we created cell-laden scaffolds from primary human osteoblasts isolated from surgical waste material and investigated the effects of a previously reported optimal cell printing density (5 × 106 cells/mL bioink) vs. a higher physiological cell density (10 × 106 cells/mL bioink). We studied mineral formation, scaffold stiffness, and cell morphology over a 10-week period to determine culture conditions for primary human bone cells in this microenvironment. For analysis, the human bone-derived cell-laden scaffolds underwent multiscale assessment at specific timepoints. High cell viability was observed in both groups after bioprinting (>90%) and after 2 weeks of daily mechanical loading (>85%). Bioprinting at a higher cell density resulted in faster mineral formation rates, higher mineral densities and remarkably a 10-fold increase in stiffness compared to a modest 2-fold increase in the lower printing density group. In addition, physiological cell bioprinting densities positively impacted cell spreading and formation of dendritic interconnections. We conclude that our methodology of processing patient-specific human bone cells, subsequent biofabrication and dynamic culturing reliably affords mineralized cell-laden scaffolds. In the future, in vitro systems based on patient-derived cells could be applied to study the individual phenotype of bone disorders such as osteogenesis imperfecta and aid clinical decision making.
Enhancing biomechanical machine learning with limited data: generating realistic synthetic posture data using generative artificial intelligence
Authors: Dindorf Carlo , Dully Jonas , Konradi Jürgen , Wolf Claudia , Becker Stephan , Simon Steven , Huthwelker Janine , Werthmann Frederike , Kniepert Johanna , Drees Philipp , Betz Ulrich , Fröhlich Michael
Published: February 2024

Objective: Biomechanical Machine Learning (ML) models, particularly deep-learning models, demonstrate the best performance when trained using extensive datasets. However, biomechanical data are frequently limited due to diverse challenges. Effective methods for augmenting data in developing ML models, specifically in the human posture domain, are scarce. Therefore, this study explored the feasibility of leveraging generative artificial intelligence (AI) to produce realistic synthetic posture data by utilizing three-dimensional posture data.

Methods: Data were collected from 338 subjects through surface topography. A Variational Autoencoder (VAE) architecture was employed to generate and evaluate synthetic posture data, examining its distinguishability from real data by domain experts, ML classifiers, and Statistical Parametric Mapping (SPM). The benefits of incorporating augmented posture data into the learning process were exemplified by a deep autoencoder (AE) for automated feature representation.

Results: Our findings highlight the challenge of differentiating synthetic data from real data for both experts and ML classifiers, underscoring the quality of synthetic data. This observation was also confirmed by SPM. By integrating synthetic data into AE training, the reconstruction error can be reduced compared to using only real data samples. Moreover, this study demonstrates the potential for reduced latent dimensions, while maintaining a reconstruction accuracy comparable to AEs trained exclusively on real data samples.

Conclusion: This study emphasizes the prospects of harnessing generative AI to enhance ML tasks in the biomechanics domain.
G-CSF increases calprotectin expression, liver damage and neuroinflammation in a murine model of alcohol-induced ACLF
Authors: Ortega-Ribera Martí , Zhuang Yuan , Brezani Veronika , Thevkar Nagesh Prashanth , Joshi Radhika S. , Babuta Mrigya , Wang Yanbo , Szabo Gyongyi
Published: February 2024

Background and aims: Granulocyte colony-stimulating factor (G-CSF) has been proposed as a therapeutic option for patients with ACLF, however clinical outcomes are controversial. We aimed at dissecting the role of G-CSF in an alcohol-induced murine model of ACLF.

Methods: ACLF was triggered by a single alcohol binge (5 g/kg) in a bile duct ligation (BDL) liver fibrosis model. A subgroup of mice received two G-CSF (200 μg/kg) or vehicle injections prior to acute decompensation with alcohol. Liver, blood and brain tissues were assessed.

Results: Alcohol binge administered to BDL-fibrotic mice resulted in features of ACLF indicated by a significant increase in liver damage and systemic inflammation compared to BDL alone. G-CSF treatment in ACLF mice induced an increase in liver regeneration and neutrophil infiltration in the liver compared to vehicle-treated ACLF mice. Moreover, liver-infiltrating neutrophils in G-CSF-treated mice exhibited an activated phenotype indicated by increased expression of CXC motif chemokine receptor 2, leukotriene B4 receptor 1, and calprotectin. In the liver, G-CSF triggered increased oxidative stress, type I interferon response, extracellular matrix remodeling and inflammasome activation. Circulating IL-1β was also increased after G-CSF treatment. In the cerebellum, G-CSF increased neutrophil infiltration and S100a8/9 expression, induced microglia proliferation and reactive astrocytes, which was accompanied by oxidative stress, and inflammasome activation compared to vehicle-treated ACLF mice.

Conclusion: In our novel ACLF model triggered by alcohol binge that mimics ACLF pathophysiology, neutrophil infiltration and S100a8/9 expression in the liver and brain indicate increased tissue damage, accompanied by oxidative stress and inflammasome activation after G-CSF treatment.
Historical earthquake records in the Weihe Basin, central China and new insights for geothermal genesis
Authors: Zhou Bing , Zhang Yancheng , Kuang Jian
Published: February 2024

The Weihe Basin, located in central China, stands out for its significant earthquake activity while concurrently harboring promising geothermal reservoirs. The potential association between these two geological occurrences and the underlying mechanisms remain enigmatic. Here, we compile a catalog of historic earthquakes, total strain data, data related to crustal mantle structure, surface heat flow data, and heat production data of the rocks in the Weihe Basin. Our aim is to unveil the intricate interplay among the occurrence of earthquakes, tectonic activity, and the genesis of geothermal resources. Our findings reveal that earthquake activity in the Weihe Basin is regulated by the responses of faults or fractures intricately influenced by regional tectonics. These tectonic processes are responsible for the formation of favorable geothermal resources beneath the basin. We propose there is a weak zone beneath the basin, which is controlled by a combination of tectonic processes and the flow of the asthenosphere. We finally establish a comprehensive model to visualize the genesis of the occurrence of earthquakes and the formation of geothermal resources. These results have important guiding significance for future research endeavors in the realms of both geothermal exploration and earthquake investigations within the Weihe Basin.
2021 Tajogaite eruption records infiltration of crustal fluids within the upper mantle beneath La Palma, Canary Islands
Authors: Sandoval-Velasquez A. , Casetta F. , Ntaflos T. , Aiuppa A. , Coltorti M. , Frezzotti M. L. , Alonso M. , Padrón E. , Pankhurst M. , Pérez N. M. , Rizzo A. L.
Published: February 2024

The 2021 Tajogaite eruption at La Palma has represented a unique opportunity to investigate the characteristics of the mantle source feeding modern volcanism in the Canary Islands. With the aim of track the fingerprint of carbon in the local oceanic lithosphere-asthenosphere system, we report the isotopic composition of CO2 (δ13C values versus Vienna Pee Dee Belemnite) in olivine- and clinopyroxene-hosted fluid inclusions (FI) from the 2021 Tajogaite lavas and from lavas/ultramafic xenoliths (olivine-clinopyroxenites, clinopyroxenites, dunites and harzburgites) from the nearby 1677 San Antonio eruption cone/lavas, in an attempt to characterize the origin and evolution of carbon within the local mantle source. Our results indicate that the 2021 and 1677 lavas exhibit δ13C values ranging from −4.94‰ to −2.71‰ and CO2/3He ratios from 3.37 to 6.14 × 109. Ultramafic xenoliths fall in a comparable range of values despite showing higher CO2 concentrations. Our δ13C values fall within the range of carbon isotope results previously reported for the Dos Aguas cold spring located in the Taburiente Caldera (northern La Palma), suggesting an apparent carbon isotope homogeneity at the scale of the entire island. The (relatively narrow) δ13C vs. CO2/3He ratio range of La Palma samples is interpreted to reflect either i) variable extents of open-system degassing of a common mantle endmember having δ13C of ∼1.7‰, or ii) mixing between depleted mantle-like carbon (−6‰ < δ13C < −4‰) and crustal carbon (δ13C = 0‰) endmembers. Both models testify a crustal carbon component recycled in the local mantle. This component, also detected in mantle xenoliths from the neighboring island of El Hierro and the easternmost Lanzarote, indicates a regional characteristic of the mantle beneath the Canary Islands, interpreted as a result of infiltration of carbon-rich melts during past metasomatic events in the local mantle.
Micro- and nanoplastics in freshwater ecosystems—interaction with and impact upon bacterivorous ciliates
Authors: Bulannga Rendani B. , Schmidt Stefan
Published: February 2024

The ubiquitous occurrence of microplastics and nanoplastics in aquatic environments is of major concern as these priority pollutants are readily ingested by a wide variety of aquatic organisms. Although quantitative data on the interaction of microplastics and even more so on nanoplastics in freshwater environments and their interaction with the aquatic food web are still limited, studies have nevertheless demonstrated that even micro- or nanosized plastic particles can be ingested by various members of the zooplankton functioning as primary consumers. Bacterivorous ciliates are crucial members of the microzooplankton. These fascinating microorganisms are critical components of microbial loops in freshwater environments and are essential links between different trophic levels within the aquatic food web. Ingestion of microscopic plastic particles affects the ciliate cell on a cellular and even on the molecular level. Physical and chemical characteristics such as size, density, and surface properties influence the stability, distribution, retention, transportation, and bioavailability of the microplastic particles for ingestion by ciliates. In turn, the environmental fate of microplastics and nanoplastics can affect their ecotoxicity via surface modifications, such as forming the so-called eco-corona. The consequences of the interaction of ciliates with microplastics and nanoplastics are the potential bioaccumulation of plastic particles through the food web and the possible interference of these emerging pollutants with controlling bacterial and possibly even viral abundance in freshwater environments. Due to the limited data available, studies elucidating the environmental bacterivorous ciliate-micro-/nanoplastics interaction are a priority research topic if we want to holistically assess the environmental fate and ecotoxicity of these pollutants.
Model of adoption of virtual tools by university students in the context of an emerging economy
Authors: López-Sánchez Jerri Alejandro , Patiño-Vanegas Juan Camilo , Valencia-Arias Alejandro , Rojas Coronel Angel Marcelo
Published: February 2024

Introduction

The impact of COVID-19 on higher education has necessitated a reevaluation of teaching methodologies, student engagement, and the integration of information and communication technologies (ICT) as pedagogical tools. This shift creates opportunities for innovation and collaborative learning environments among students.

Methods

This study aims to investigate the adoption of virtual tools by university students in Medellín. A sample of 373 students was surveyed using a quantitative approach with a descriptive scope. Factor analysis techniques were employed utilizing SPSS software to assess the associative relationships among variables and hypotheses within the framework of the Technology Acceptance Model (TAM).

Results

The analysis revealed significant correlations, particularly between perceived ease of use and perceived usefulness. Notably, technological devices such as laptops and smartphones were identified as valuable tools for educational purposes, contributing to a positive attitude towards their utilization among students.

Discussion

The findings underscore the importance of students’ perceptions in shaping their attitudes towards ICT tools for teaching and learning. Understanding these perceptions is crucial for designing effective pedagogical strategies, particularly in crisis situations such as the COVID-19 pandemic, where virtual tools play a vital role in maintaining educational continuity. This study contributes to the ongoing discourse on the integration of virtual tools in higher education, highlighting avenues for further research and practical implications for educators and policymakers.
Scoop and treat: from an historical controversy to the emergency future
Authors: Lansiaux Edouard , Cozzi Nicholas , Wacht Oren , Travers Stéphane , Drouin Emmanuel , Wiel Eric
Published: February 2024

Within the intricate narrative of emergency medical services (EMS), there lies a rich and evolving history of innovation and strategy, a saga that weaves through the fabric of prehospital emergency care. At the heart of this narrative is a compelling dichotomy, often whimsically encapsulated as the “stay and play” vs. “scoop and run” philosophies. These seemingly polar approaches to emergency care represent a tapestry of diverse opinions and practices, each tailored to its unique environmental context, clinical demands, and the relative availability of prehospital and hospital resources. Our comprehensive review delves into the historical evolution of these notions, tracing their roots from the ancient world to the present day. We cast a particular focus on the French model of “prehospital medicalization” and the Anglophone “Scoop and Run” approach, exploring their distinct trajectories and influences. Additionally, we turn our gaze to the Israeli system, a unique hybrid shaped by the American prehospital framework yet distinctively molded by the region's enduring conflict. By drawing on an array of interviews, historical records, and scholarly discourse, this document presents an in-depth exploration of the development of prehospital emergency medicine and its pivotal role in contemporary healthcare. Through this investigation, we aim to elucidate the historical tensions surrounding these concepts, shedding light on their implications for the landscape of modern emergency medical services and the intricate web of factors that shape their organization.
A comparison of the performance of 68Ga-Pentixafor PET/CT versus adrenal vein sampling for subtype diagnosis in primary aldosteronism
Authors: Yin Xuan , Ai Kai , Luo Jianguang , Liu Wei , Ma Xiaowei , Zhou Lianbo , Xiang Xin , Su Xin , Wang Yunhua , Li Yuan
Published: February 2024

Objective

To investigate the diagnostic efficiency and prognostic value of 68Ga-Pentixafor PET/CT in comparison with adrenal vein sampling (AVS) for functional lateralization in primary aldosteronism (PA). Histology and long-term clinical follow-up normally serve as the gold standard for such diagnosis.

Methods

We prospectively recruited 26 patients diagnosed with PA. All patients underwent 68Ga-Pentixafor PET/CT and AVS. Postsurgical biochemical and clinical outcomes of patients with unilateral primary aldosteronism (UPA), as diagnosed by PET/CT or AVS, were assessed by applying standardized Primary Aldosteronism Surgical Outcome (PASO) criteria. Immunohistochemistry (IHC) was performed to detect the expression of aldosterone synthase (CYP11B2) and CXCR4.

Results

On total, 19 patients were diagnosed with UPA; of these, 13 patients were lateralized by both PET/CT and AVS, four patients were lateralized by PET-only, and two by AVS-only. Seven subjects with no lateralization on AVS and PET received medical therapy. All patients achieved complete biochemical success except one with nodular hyperplasia lateralized by AVS alone. The consistency between PET/CT and AVS outcomes was 77% (20/26). Moreover, CYP11B2-positive nodules were all CXCR4-positive and showed positive findings on PET. Patients who achieved complete biochemical and clinical success had a higher uptake on PET as well as stronger expression levels of CXCR4 and CYP11B2.

Conclusion

Our analysis showed that 68Ga-Pentixafor PET/CT could enable non-invasive diagnosis in most patients with PA and identify additional cases of unilateral and surgically curable PA which could not be classified by AVS. 68Ga-Pentixafor PET/CT should be considered as a first-line test for the future classification of PA.
The combination of body mass index and fasting plasma glucose is associated with type 2 diabetes mellitus in Japan: a secondary retrospective analysis
Authors: Zhao Xiaofang , Yao Tianci , Song Bei , Fan Haohui , Liu Ting , Gao Guangyu , Wang Kun , Lu Weilin , Liu Chengyun
Published: February 2024

Background

Body mass index (BMI) and fasting plasma glucose (FPG) are known risk factors for type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM), but data on the prospective association of the combination of BMI and FPG with T2DM are limited. This study sought to characterize the association of the combination of BMI and FPG (ByG) with T2DM.

Methods

The current study used the NAGALA database. We categorized participants by tertiles of ByG. The association of ByG with T2DM was expressed with hazard ratios (HRs) with 95% confidence intervals (CIs) after adjustment for potential risk factors.

Results

During a median follow-up of 6.19 years in the normoglycemia cohort and 5.58 years in the prediabetes cohort, the incidence of T2DM was 0.75% and 7.79%, respectively. Following multivariable adjustments, there were stepwise increases in T2DM with increasing tertiles of ByG. After a similar multivariable adjustment, the risk of T2DM was 2.57 (95% CI 2.26 - 2.92), 1.97 (95% CI 1.53 - 2.54) and 1.50 (95% CI 1.30 - 1.74) for a per-SD change in ByG in all populations, the normoglycemia cohort and the prediabetes cohort, respectively.

Conclusion

ByG was associated with an increased risk of T2DM in Japan. The result reinforced the importance of the combination of BMI and FPG in assessing T2DM risk.
Multi-objective planning of integrated energy system based on CVaR under carbon trading mechanism
Authors: Pan Dong , Zhang Li , Wang Bao , Jia Jianxiong , Song Zhumeng , Zhang Xin
Published: February 2024

In order to address the planning problem of integrated energy system (IES) under the goal of “dual-carbon”, this paper proposes a multi-objective planning method for IES with carbon trading mechanism based on CVaR (Conditional Value at Risk). Firstly, this paper establishes the IES energy supply equipment model and the improved stepped carbon trading model. Moreover, this paper proposes the IES multi-objective two-layer planning model based on the consideration of carbon trading cost. The upper layer of the planning model takes the optimization of economy and environmental as the goal to realize the rational planning of the integrated energy system. The lower layer model takes the minimum operating cost as the goal to optimize the system operating conditions and verify the rationality of the planning results. Then, the uncertainty model based on mean-CVaR is established for the uncertainty of carbon trading price and new energy output in the planning process. Finally, this paper sets up cases and solves the model using non-dominated sorting genetic algorithm-II (NSGA-II) and solver, which shows that the proposed method can realize the IES low-carbon planning while guaranteeing the economy.
Improved sliding mode direct power control for low-carbon oriented MMC-HVDC of asymmetric offshore wind power flexible systems
Authors: Li Feng , Peng Sui , Wang Yanfeng , Yu Hao , Huang Zhicong , Zhao Zhiheng
Published: February 2024

The modular multilevel converter based high voltage direct current (MMC-HVDC) is a dynamic power balancing system. The control system of MMC generally adopts a dual closed-loop vector control strategy based on the traditional instantaneous power model under asymmetric grid state, which has complex control structure and low control accuracy. This paper introduces a flexible instantaneous power model and establishes a general power equation with active power and new reactive power as control objects. Based on this, an improved sliding-mode MMC-HVDC direct power control strategy based on the new instantaneous power model is proposed which combines the flexible instantaneous power model and the improved sliding-mode control method to eliminate the twice grid-frequency ripples in both active and reactive power under asymmetric grid states. Furthermore, it omits the inner-loop controller and power compensation terms while optimizing the control structure. Simulation results show that the proposed method has better dynamic responsiveness, control accuracy and robustness under operating conditions such as asymmetric grid state and parameter perturbation which can better exploit the advantages of the flexible instantaneous power model.
Analysis of air quality changes and causes in the Liaoning region from 2017 to 2022
Authors: Wang Jinhu , Ren Kejin , Su Hang , Zhou Chunxiao , Li Xiaolan , Wang Yuhao
Published: February 2024

Using the air quality monitoring data from the Department of Ecology and Environment of Liaoning Province for the period from 2017 to 2022, the temporal and spatial changes in the concentrations of various air pollutants in the Liaoning region for the periods from 2017 to 2019 and 2020 to 2022 were analyzed by using the Evaluation on the meteorological condition index of PM2.5 pollution (EMI) and the ArcGIS Kriging Interpolation Method, and the contributions of pollution reduction to the changes in the air quality of the Liaoning region were assessed. The results show that after the implementation of emission reduction measures, the quality of the atmospheric environment in the Liaoning region has significantly improved, and the mean concentrations of PM2.5, PM10, SO2, NO2, CO and O3 are all reduced by a certain magnitude in the period 2020 to 2022 compared with the period 2017 to 2019; Based on the EMI index calculation, the average EMI index in Liaoning during the period 2020 to 2022 is about 1.7% lower than the average value of the region during the period 2017 to 2019, and the atmospheric dispersion conditions are relatively good; From the perspective of daily changes in pollutant concentrations, the trend of PM2.5 and PM10 concentrations changed from double peaks and single valleys to single peaks and single valleys, and there were no significant changes in the types of valleys for CO, SO2, NO2, and O3, whereas the peaks of O3 concentrations during the daytime were basically the same as in previous years, and the concentrations during the nighttime were slightly higher than in previous years. Classification by topographic areas revealed that the mean pollutant concentration for the period from 2017 to 2019 was more significant than the mean value for the period from 2020 to 2022, except for O3, where the air quality in the mountainous areas of Liaodong and Liaoxi was better than that of the Liaohe Plain, and regional classification by coastal and inland, where the air quality in the coastal areas was better than that of the inland areas.
Circulating miRNAs as biomarkers for the diagnosis in patients with melanoma: systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Jones Nicholas , Nonaka Taichiro
Published: February 2024

Objective: Melanoma is the most aggressive and deadly form of skin cancer, especially at later stages. There is currently no excellent diagnostic test established for the diagnosis of melanoma; however, circulating microRNAs (miRNAs) have shown some promise. We seek to conduct a systematic review and meta-analysis to establish the clinical utility of circulating miRNAs in diagnosing melanoma.

Methods: PubMed, Wiley, and Web of Science were searched for studies that determined miRNA sensitivity and specificity in patients with melanoma. The included studies were assessed in Stata, and the sensitivity, specificity, summary receiver operating characteristic (SROC), positive likelihood ratio, negative likelihood ratio, and the area under the SROC curve (AUC) were calculated.

Results: 9 studies with 898 melanoma patients were included in the meta-analysis. The circulating miRNAs showed high diagnostic accuracy with a sensitivity of 0.89 (p < 0.001), specificity of 0.85 (p < 0.001), diagnostic odds ratio of 45, and an area under the curve of 0.93.

Conclusion: Circulating miRNAs have shown a high diagnostic power in detecting melanoma.
The major epidemiologic, microbiologic, immunologic, and clinical aspects of Lyme disease that form the basis for a newly developed vaccine that may become available soon for human use
Authors: Pavia Charles S. , Saggio Gregory , Plummer Maria M.
Published: February 2024

Working together, two major pharmaceutical companies have developed a Lyme disease vaccine consisting of recombinant-derived outer surface protein A (OspA) of the etiologic agent Borrelia burgdorferi. Multiple clinical trials have shown the vaccine to have good safety and efficacy results, and it is hoped that it would become available for human use at least by the year 2025 after receiving approval from the U.S. Food and Drug Administration. There are still challenges left to ensure that the vaccine has, at most, minimal side effects. Also, because the previously developed Lyme disease vaccine was discontinued in 2002 after four years of distribution, due in part, for frivolous reasons having little or no scientific basis, that even led to legal entanglements involving the vaccine manufacturer and some of the medical personnel overseeing the clinical trials, there will be concerns that this newly developed one could be subject again to some of the same unnecessary scrutiny rendering its implementation suboptimal. Initially this review will focus on the key epidemiological, microbiologic, immunologic and clinical aspects of Lyme disease that provide the foundation for developing this type of vaccine that could have a serious impact on the prevalence of this and even certain other tick-transmitted infections.
Identification of platelet-related subtypes and diagnostic markers in pediatric Crohn’s disease based on WGCNA and machine learning
Authors: Tang Dadong , Huang Yingtao , Che Yuhui , Yang Chengjun , Pu Baoping , Liu Shiru , Li Hongyan
Published: February 2024

Background

The incidence of pediatric Crohn’s disease (PCD) is increasing worldwide every year. The challenges in early diagnosis and treatment of PCD persist due to its inherent heterogeneity. This study’s objective was to discover novel diagnostic markers and molecular subtypes aimed at enhancing the prognosis for patients suffering from PCD.

Methods

Candidate genes were obtained from the GSE117993 dataset and the GSE93624 dataset by weighted gene co-expression network analysis (WGCNA) and differential analysis, followed by intersection with platelet-related genes. Based on this, diagnostic markers were screened by five machine learning algorithms. We constructed predictive models and molecular subtypes based on key markers. The models were evaluated using the GSE101794 dataset as the validation set, combined with receiver operating characteristic curves, decision curve analysis, clinical impact curves, and calibration curves. In addition, we performed pathway enrichment analysis and immune infiltration analysis for different molecular subtypes to assess their differences.

Results

Through WGCNA and differential analysis, we successfully identified 44 candidate genes. Following this, employing five machine learning algorithms, we ultimately narrowed it down to five pivotal markers: GNA15, PIK3R3, PLEK, SERPINE1, and STAT1. Using these five key markers as a foundation, we developed a nomogram exhibiting exceptional performance. Furthermore, we distinguished two platelet-related subtypes of PCD through consensus clustering analysis. Subsequent analyses involving pathway enrichment and immune infiltration unveiled notable disparities in gene expression patterns, enrichment pathways, and immune infiltration landscapes between these subtypes.

Conclusion

In this study, we have successfully identified five promising diagnostic markers and developed a robust nomogram with high predictive efficacy. Furthermore, the recognition of distinct PCD subtypes enhances our comprehension of potential pathogenic mechanisms and paves the way for future prospects in early diagnosis and personalized treatment.
Exploring candidate biomarkers for rheumatoid arthritis through cardiovascular and cardiometabolic serum proteome profiling
Authors: Cuesta-López Laura , Escudero-Contreras Alejandro , Hanaee Yas , Pérez-Sánchez Carlos , Ruiz-Ponce Miriam , Martínez-Moreno Julio Manuel , Pérez-Pampin Eva , González Antonio , Plasencia-Rodriguez Chamaida , Martínez-Feito Ana , Balsa Alejandro , López-Medina Clementina , Ladehesa-Pineda Lourdes , Rojas-Giménez Marta , Ortega-Castro Rafaela , Calvo-Gutiérrez Jerusalem , López-Pedrera Chary , Collantes-Estévez Eduardo , Arias-de la Rosa Iván , Barbarroja Nuria
Published: February 2024

Introduction

RA patients are at higher risk of cardiovascular disease, influenced by therapies. Studying their cardiovascular and cardiometabolic proteome can unveil biomarkers and insights into related biological pathways.

Methods

This study included two cohorts of RA patients: newly diagnosed individuals (n=25) and those with established RA (disease duration >25 years, n=25). Both cohorts were age and sex-matched with a control group (n=25). Additionally, a longitudinal investigation was conducted on a cohort of 25 RA patients treated with methotrexate and another cohort of 25 RA patients treated with tofacitinib for 6 months. Clinical and analytical variables were recorded, and serum profiling of 184 proteins was performed using the Olink technology platform.

Results

RA patients exhibited elevated levels of 75 proteins that might be associated with cardiovascular disease. In addition, 24 proteins were increased in RA patients with established disease. Twenty proteins were commonly altered in both cohorts of RA patients. Among these, elevated levels of CTSL1, SORT1, SAA4, TNFRSF10A, ST6GAL1 and CCL18 discriminated RA patients and HDs with high specificity and sensitivity. Methotrexate treatment significantly reduced the levels of 13 proteins, while tofacitinib therapy modulated the expression of 10 proteins. These reductions were associated with a decrease in DAS28. Baseline levels of SAA4 and high levels of BNP were associated to the non-response to methotrexate. Changes in IL6 levels were specifically linked to the response to methotrexate. Regarding tofacitinib, differences in baseline levels of LOX1 and CNDP1 were noted between non-responder and responder RA patients. In addition, response to tofacitinib correlated with changes in SAA4 and TIMD4 levels.

Conclusion

In summary, this study pinpoints molecular changes linked to cardiovascular disease in RA and proposes candidate protein biomarkers for distinguishing RA patients from healthy individuals. It also highlights how methotrexate and tofacitinib impact these proteins, with distinct alterations corresponding to each drug’s response, identifying potential candidates, as SAA4, for the response to these therapies.