bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Study of the Reduction of Fe on Reduced Graphene Oxide as a Catalyst for Carbon Monoxide Reduction
Authors: Elnaggar Hamada A. , Nasser AL-Hassan Mohammed , Basha Islam K. , Elbery Haitham M. , Abd El-Moneim Ahmed
Published: March 2020

This work aims at optimizing the H2 reduction time of Fe/rGO as a preparatory step for the use of the reduced catalyst in Fisher-Tropsch synthesis (FTS). The catalytic system used was Iron Nanoparticles (NPs) loaded on reduced graphene oxide (rGO) support. The as prepared sample was analyzed by TEM, FTIR and XRD spectroscopy. Samples of the produced Fe/rGO catalyst were used to optimize the reduction conditions in the FBR reactor. The three samples were reduced under 1atm H2 gas flow of 50 sccm at 500°C for 8, 12 and 24 hrs. The samples were collected after reduction and analyzed by XRD, FTIR and TEM imaging. The best condition showing full reduction with minimal sintering was at 12hr.
Hydrostatic Training and Characterization of near Stoichiometric Ni-Mn-Ga Alloy
Authors: Eldabah Nour Mahmoud , Kayetbay Saleh Mohammed , Gepreel Mohammed A. , El-Assal Ahmed Mohamed
Published: March 2020

Shape memory alloys are programmed to memorize original trained shape. Ni-Mn-Ga is one of the ferromagnetic shape memory alloys. It is used as actuator, and sensor due to large output strain at high frequencies. This work presents a study on enhancing magnetic properties of thermally treated alloy by using new method of training in which alloys are exposed to different hydrostatic pressures using pressing die. Single near stoichiometric composition was produced. Elemental analysis showed homogeneity of the alloy. XRD pattern revealed Martensitic phase peaks. Transformation temperature was found to be below 100 OC. Training was applied by hydrostatic pressing die. Different training pressures were obtained using hydraulic press. After applying hydrostatic pressures starting from 2.5 bar to 10 bar, it was found that pressures up to 7.5 bar will increase the coercivity and saturation magnetization of the alloy, while pressures beyond 7.5 bar lessened these magnetic properties.
Friction Stir Spot Welding of AA2024-T3 with Modified Refill Technique
Authors: Fahmy Mahmoud Hussin , Abdel-Aleem Hamed A. , Abdel-Elraheem Nahid Ahmed , El-Kousy M.R.
Published: March 2020

The quality of welded joints of FSSW is mainly dependent on the processing parameters while the main disadvantage of this process is the creation of an exit hole. Process parameters, namely tool dimensions, tool rotational speed, and stir time were changed and their impact on bond dimensions and weld strength was investigated using 2024-T3 Al Alloy. Macro- and microstructures of the welded samples were examined; shear fracture loads were measured and the optimum set of operation variables was determined. To decrease the exit hole of the first stage the present paper proposes a modified two-stage weld-refill process employing the same welding machine. In this work, this two-stage process was referred to as reversed friction stir spot welding (ReFSSW). In the second stage, a smaller pin was used and the shoulder diameter was designed such that to force the metal of the upper plate to flow towards the exit hole of the first stage decreasing its dimensions. The metal flow in the second stage was evaluated by examining the microstructure of the metal that filled the exit hole of the first stage. Thin stir zone was found around the pin of the second stage followed by thermomechanically affected zone consisting of grains elongated in the vertical direction. The proposed process resulted in smaller exit hole dimensions and consequently higher mechanical properties compared with the conventional single-stage FSSW.
Influence of Molybdenum Replacement by Tungsten in Cr Mo V Steel
Authors: Ghali Saeed , El-Fawkhry Mohamed Kamal , Mattar Taha
Published: March 2020

This article aims at investigation the effect of partial and total replacement of molybdenum by tungsten in ordinary heat resistance steel, in term of constituent phases. Three steel grades of P91 steel were produced in induction furnace with different molybdenum and tungsten contents. The produced steel were hot forged at 950 °C – 1100 °C, followed by air cooling. The ordinary heat treatment was applied through austenizing at 1050 °C for one hour followed by water quenching and then, they were tempered at 700 °C for 2 hours. Optical microscope, Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM), and EDX were used to investigate the microstructure and precipitated phases after complete heat treatment process. In addition, Thermo-Calc program was used to predict the phases which may be formed. The results showed that replacement of molybdenum by tungsten has an effect on the solubility of different intermetallic phases at high temperature, delaying the deteriorative Z-phase.
Microstructure Aspects of 7075 Al-SiO2 Composite Foams Produced by Direct Melt Foaming Method
Authors: Daoud Atef , Abou El-Khair M.T. , Firouz Fatma , Lotfy Ahmed , Ahmed Essam
Published: March 2020

Direct melt foaming method was used to fabricate 7075 Al-SiO2 composite foams from recycled beverage aluminum cans and SiO2 waste particles. The microstructures of the produced composite foams revealed typical characteristic features of the conventional foams, where large dark areas (pores), curved cell walls, cell edges, nodes on the cell edges, cell walls and plateau regions were observed. The microstructures of the composite foams showed fine and irregular shape of SiO2 particles, which were uniformly distributed in the cell wall and plateau region of composite foams. The grain size of α-Al was reduced by the addition of SiO2, indicating that the refining effect of the SiO2 is due to heterogeneous nucleation of the α-Al grain by SiO2 particles or restriction of the α-Al grain growth by the SiO2 particles, or both. SEM and EDX indicated that the SiO2 particles reacted with the molten 7075 Al during melting and foaming process, forming MgAl2O4, MgO, Al2O3 and Mg2Si.
Influence of Nitrogen on Oxidation Resistance of Automotive Steel Grades
Authors: Ghali Saeed , Eissa Mamdouh , El-Faramawy Hoda , Ahmed Azza , Baiomy Fathy , Lamie Michael
Published: March 2020

With the objective of partial and total replacement of nickel by nitrogen in austenitic exhausted valve steel X45CrNiW18-9, a program of work with series of experimental heats was designed. Experimental heats were carried out in 10 Kg. induction furnace under nitrogen pressure. The chemical composition of produced stainless steels was determined. The produced automotive steel grades were forged. The nitrogen contents were determined. The produced forged stainless steels were subjected to solution treatment at 1050 °C for 1 hour, followed by water cooling. Isothermal oxidation test is used to detect the behavior of new grades at different temperatures in air for solution treated stainless steels. The mass gain was measured for samples exposed to air at temperatures (500 °C, 600 °C, 700 °C, 800°C) for different time intervals, up to 1000 hrs. The oxide layer thickness for two selected steels was investigated by using optical microscope. XRD was used to detect types of oxides which are formed during oxidation process at 800 °C for 1000 hrs for represented investigated exhausted valve steels. Scanning Electron Microscope was used to make scan steels surface, after heating at 500 °C and 800 °C for l000hr. The mechanism of the oxidation of developed steels was investigated. It was found controlled by diffusion mechanism and the kinetic of oxidation process is parabolic. Oxidation rate of the investigated stainless steels for times, up to 8 h and between 200 andl000 h, at all investigated temperatures (500 °C - 800 °C), is parabolic and the oxidation is diffusion controlled. While in the time region 10 to 200 h, it obeys combined mechanisms. Partial replacement of nickel, by nitrogen, improves the oxidation resistance in air at temperature range 500°C - 800°C.
Новый подход в вопросе существования ограниченных решений для функционально-дифференциальных уравнений точечного типа
Authors: Beklaryan Leva Andreevich
Published: March 2020

Работа является развитием подхода, ранее использованного автором при выводе условий нового типа для существования периодических решений как для обыкновенных дифференциальных уравнений, так и для функционально-дифференциальных уравнений точечного типа. Такие условия основаны на учете асимптотических свойств решений дифференциальных уравнений, которые могут наблюдаться на сдвигах решений и формулируются в терминах средних по периоду на какой-либо выделенной сфере фазового пространства. Для тех же классов функционально-дифференциальных уравнений развитие отмеченного подхода позволяет получить условия существования ограниченных решений.
Библиография: 12 наименований.
Contesting human rights and climate change at the UN Human Rights Council
Authors: Voss M Joel
Published: March 2020

Climate change is one of the defining problems of our time. The relationship between climate change and human rights is receiving increased attention by stakeholders, including the UN and its primary human rights body, the Human Rights Council. Discussions on the relationship between climate change and human rights are hotly contested. This article is concerned with how states advocate for or against climate change and human rights at the Council. Participant observation on climate change resolutions from 2006 to 2019 through the UN's webTV archives are used to illustrate how states frame climate change.

Although passed without a vote, significant contestation occurs over the content of each resolution. During explanations of the vote, Member States make some form of three claims – using one of three dominant framings. The first focuses on equity and development. The second frames the relationship between human rights and climate change: climate change is either constructed as a problem undermining human rights or as generating a responsibility for states to protect human rights when responding to it. The final argument's framing revolves around the mandate of the Council to discuss climate change as a human right. This article helps shed light on theories of norm contestation and on the strategies and frames used in advocating for the relationship between human rights and climate change and its construction – and significance – in the UN Human Rights Council.
Paleobotanical proxies for early Eocene climates and ecosystems in northern North America from mid to high latitudes
Authors: West Christopher K. , Greenwood David R. , Reichgelt Tammo , Lowe Alex J. , Vachon Janelle M. , Basinger James F.
Published: March 2020

Abstract. Early Eocene climates were globally warm, with ice-free conditions at both poles. Early Eocene polar landmasses supported extensive forest ecosystems of a primarily temperate biota, but also with abundant thermophilic elements such as crocodilians, and mesothermic taxodioid conifers and angiosperms. The globally warm early Eocene was punctuated by geologically brief hyperthermals such as the Paleocene-Eocene Thermal Maximum (PETM), culminating in the Early Eocene Climatic Optimum (EECO), during which the range of thermophilic plants such as palms extended into the Arctic. Climate models have struggled to reproduce early Eocene Arctic warm winters and high precipitation, with models invoking a variety of mechanisms, from atmospheric CO2 levels that are unsupported by proxy evidence, to the role of an enhanced hydrological cycle to reproduce winters that experienced no direct solar energy input yet remained wet and above freezing. Here, we provide new estimates of climate, and compile existing paleobotanical proxy data for upland and lowland mid-latitudes sites in British Columbia, Canada, and northern Washington, USA, and from high-latitude lowland sites in Alaska and the Canadian Arctic to compare climatic regimes between mid- and high latitudes of the early Eocene – spanning the PETM to the EECO – of the northern half of North America. In addition, these data are used to reevaluate the latitudinal temperate gradient in North America during the early Eocene, and to provide refined biome interpretations of these ancient forests based on climate and physiognomic data.
Sustainability characteristics of drinking water supply
Authors: van Engelenburg Jolijn , van Slobbe Erik , Teuling Adriaan J. , Uijlenhoet Remko , Hellegers Petra
Published: March 2020

Abstract. Developments such as climate change and growing demand for drinking water threaten the sustainability of drinking water supply worldwide. To deal with this threat, adaptation of drinking water supply systems is imperative, not only on a global and national scale, but particularly on a local scale. This investigation sought to establish characteristics that describe the sustainability of local drinking water supply. We use an integrated systems approach, describing the local drinking water supply system in terms of hydrological, technical and socio-economic characteristics that determine the sustainability of a local drinking water supply system. Three cases on drinking water supply in the Netherlands are analysed. One case relates to a short-term development, that is the 2018 summer drought, and two concern long-term phenomena, that is, changes in water quality and growth in drinking water demand. The approach taken recognises that next to extreme weather events, socio-economic developments will be among the main drivers of changes in drinking water supply. Effects of pressures associated with, for example, population growth, industrial developments and land use changes, could result in limited water resource availability, deteriorated groundwater quality and growing water demand. To gain a perspective on the case study findings broader than the Dutch context, the sustainability issues identified were paired with global issues concerning sustainable drinking water supply. This resulted in a proposed set of generally applicable sustainability characteristics, each divided into five criteria describing the hydrological, technical and socio-economic sustainability of a local drinking water supply system. Elaboration of these sustainability characteristics and criteria into a sustainability assessment can provide information on the challenges and trade-offs inherent in the sustainable development and management of a local drinking water supply system.
Computational Analysis of High Lift Generating Airfoils for Diffuser Augmented Wind Turbines
Authors: Paranjape Aniruddha Deepak , Bajaj Anhad Singh , Palanganda Shaheen Thimmaiah , Parikh Radha , Nayak Raahil , Radhakrishnan Jayakrishnan
Published: March 2020

Abstract. The present study aims to analyze the basic aerodynamic performance of a Diffuser Augmented Wind Turbine (DAWT) using high lift generating airfoils in the diffuser cross-section that encloses the turbine. The study is a Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) analysis of the flow across the rotor blades and through the diffuser, which is carried out using Reynolds Averaged Navier-Stokes (RANS) simulations. The rotor blades are modeled as a porous Actuator Disk (AD). Various high-lift generating airfoils are used in the diffuser geometries with additional geometric modifications, such as a flange, are taken into consideration and analyzed for the velocity of the flow at the actuator disk to determine the overall aerodynamic performance of the diffuser shape.
#BlackCharactersMatter: If I’m Trying to Teach for Social Justice, Why Do All the Black Men and Boys on my Syllabus Die?
Authors: Avery Andrea Serine
Published: March 2020

In this essay combining first-person narrative and scholarly literature, a classroom teacher examines the ways in which, despite having a self-professed goal of teaching for social justice, her syllabus centers, upholds, and normalize default whiteness in her classoom. She interrogates her own teaching practice and invites other teachers to do so, as well.
Teaching Black Lives in College When Black Lives Didn’t Matter that Much K through 12
Authors: Trembath Sarah
Published: March 2020

This article explores complexities in teaching Black-authored material (especially Hip Hop lyricism) in premominantly non-Black college composition courses. It uses Barbara Smith's (1978) "Toward a Black Feminist Criticism" as a lens through which to define and examine those complexities. It offers antiracist pedogogal practices and posits withdrawal for reflection and self-care as a viable choice.
Red State Revolt: The Teachers’ Strikes and Working-Class Politics
Authors: Bennett Michael
Published: March 2020

A review of Eric Blanc's Red State Revolt: The Teachers’ Strikes and Working-Class Politics. NY: Verso, 2019.
Coronavirus as a Global Complex Problem Looking for Resilient Solutions
Authors: Buheji Mohamed
Published: March 2020

A new type of mysterious zoonotic virus called coronavirus is swiping the world, killing thousands of people and infecting hundreds of thousands, without any foreseen innovative solutions. The pandemic of COVID-19 could be categorised to be a complex problem since it is both challenging to discover and difficult to manage. The complexity of the coronavirus comes from its capacity to interact and evolve in unexpected ways. Yet, with this complex global problem, it is still possible to come with innovative solutions, if we managed to follow practices that shorten the time to learn about the virus and comprehend it. The researcher reviews the sequence of events of the first three months since the breakout of COVID-19 in December 2019, to set the mindset of the reader to consider this a complex problem that has constructs that need to be addressed, before we look for classical solutions. In order to simplify the complexity of this virus as a problem, a framework is proposed to help the specialised scientists to study the puzzle of coronavirus as a time-bound problem that could have resilient solutions. The framework focus on the traceability of the virus, besides its ‘doubling time’ and the Case Fatality Rate (CFR). Formulas of change and overall effectiveness of problem-solving are discussed, followed by a recommendation of how to optimise the utilisation of the proposed framework.
From Humbug to Humility: Learning How to Know with Ebenezer Scrooge
Authors: McReynolds Joseph Clayton
Published: March 2020

Many have found the dramatic transformation of Ebenezer Scrooge mysterious, and some have even taken issue with Dickens's reformation of his curmudgeon as wildly implausible. At the heart of the critical debate over Scrooge's change is not only the question of why he changed but also, and more fundamentally, what changed within him. This article argues that Scrooge's newfound magnanimity is made possible by a dramatic but progressive change in the ways he does and does not allow himself to know others. Through a series of close readings, it demonstrates that Scrooge is at first unable to sympathize with others because he restricts his knowledge only to that which he can know through himself and his own experience, and it then traces how his growth in sympathy stems from his burgeoning self-knowledge and subsequent willingness to know others. In the end, however, he must move beyond knowledge and sympathy altogether, embracing the other not in spite of but because of her mystery. Finally, this article briefly observes how Dickens leads his readers on a parallel journey, inviting them to know Scrooge by seeing the ways they are alike and to love Scrooge by accepting what they cannot know.
Against the Quotidian Trauma of “lived and un/imaginable lives”: The Economics of Egg Donation and Motherhood in “Harvest” by Danielle Evans
Authors: Lénárt-Muszka Zsuzsanna
Published: March 2020

This study interprets Danielle Evans's short story “Harvest” (2010) using the frameworks of Black feminist theory and Afro-Pessimism. The protagonist, an African American college student, is first rejected as an egg donor, then becomes pregnant unexpectedly. In its wider socio–historical and literary context, the protagonist's sudden decision not to get an abortion is undergirded by the reproductive rights abuses endured by African American women for centuries.
Working Capital Management and Return on Assets of Manufacturing Industry of Peru
Authors: Vicente-Ramos Wagner Enoc , Ames Porras Marianela Roxana , Meza Quispe Roberson , Rojas Zacarias Miguel Angel
Published: March 2020

This article contributes to the increase in knowledge and existing theory about the administration of working capital and its relation to profitability. Using a sample of 23 companies listed on the Lima stock exchange during the period 2009-2018. There is a negative relationship between profitability (ROA) and the average inventory period (PPI), in the same way a negative relationship between profitability and the average collection period (PPC), finally a positive relationship between profitability and the period average payment (PPP). It is concluded that a company of the industrial sector in Peru, manages to be more efficient, effective and competitive insofar as it improves the management of working capital, which is achieved if it achieves effective management of financial resources, an equitable policy of Customer credit, proper inventory management and proper management of supplier leverage and short term.
Corporate Training Programs in Russian and Foreign Companies: Impact on Staff and Time Challenges
Authors: Tikhonov Alexey
Published: March 2020

Corporate learning is changing actively now: the global factors force companies to reform and invest in corporate learning systems. The article discusses problems and prospects of this process and describes corporate learning systems condition within Russian market companies.
Simile and Metaphor Interpretation in Children
Authors: Song Yusi
Published: March 2020

Metaphors and similes have been treated as the same comparable types of figurative speech since Aristotle. In early theories, metaphors are interpreted as corresponding similes by paraphrasing. Based on this theoretical framework, some experimental studies interpret simile understanding as evidence for metaphor understanding. However, according to Relevance Theory, similes are interpreted as comparisons, whereas metaphors are interpreted as categorization statements. Therefore, only metaphor reveals metaphor interpretation. In other words, studies cannot use simile interpretation as evidence for metaphor interpretation ability in children. Simile should be easier to understand for children since they exclude an “ad hoc concept” construction as in metaphor understanding. This study seeks evidence showing children’s better performance in simile interpretation than that in metaphor interpretation, thus supporting Relevance Theory. For the Relevance Theory account, whether the experiments use similes or metaphors as testing materials is of considerable significance, whereas for comparison account, it is not. By review and re-interpretation of the empirical studies, we find that few early studies expose “real metaphor” understanding in children. Most experimental results indicate that simile interpretation is easier than metaphor interpretation for children. We consider comparison theory and the Relevance Theory as complementary strategies in metaphor interpretation.
Land Consolidation for Agricultural Growth in Vietnam
Authors: Thu Huong Nguyen Thi , My Linh Pham Nguyen , Van Khanh Vo Thi , Sang Nguyen Quang , Anh Le Hoang , Ninh Hoang Hai
Published: March 2020

In order to effectively restructure agriculture, comprehensive solutions are needed, in which the solution of agricultural land consolidation and concentration must be accompanied by strong reform of the conditions of agricultural production such as organizing good inputs and outputs markets, brand building and protection, strengthening agricultural product quality management, improving the competitiveness of the agricultural sector, respecting market rules, so that the markets can regulate the production scale and technology applied with the orientation and support of the Government, etc. In this way, Vietnam's agriculture can enter a new stage of development. This paper analyzes the current situation of agricultural land consolidation in Vietnam. The authors have clarified the results as well as limitations in agricultural land consolidation for Vietnam. The cause of the limitations in agricultural land consolidation for Vietnam in recent years and recommendations to promote land consolidation for agricultural development in Vietnam in the near future.
New rules for the collection and protection of personal data by police services
Authors: Miłkowski Tomasz
Published: March 2020

The article refers to the basic issues related to the entry into force the act of 14th of December 2018 on the protection of personal data processed regarding to the prevention and combating of crime. Due this act chiefs of the police services (administrators) are forced into increase the level of data protection collected by their forces. Also the act is obligated them to increase the scope and possibilities of access to data by persons which are subjects of it. What’s more, they have the option of initiating the procedure to correct or delete erroneous data. This possibility is a result not only the EU’s Directive 2016/680 but primarily it is fulfillment of the obligation arising from art. 51 of the Polish Constitution.
About personal data
Authors: Laskowskij Ivan
Published: March 2020

In connection with the planned submission by the Department of Defense and Law Enforcement Bodies of the Council of Ministers of the Republic of Belarus of the Draft Law of the Republic of Belarus “On Personal Data” in the summer of 2019 to the House of Representatives of the National Assembly of the Republic of Belarus, it is most relevant to conduct a comparative legal analysis of the said draft law state (Russian Federation) legislative act in the field of legal regulation of personal data
Editorial - Dossiê: Conferência de Puebla: 40 anos
Authors: Marques Luiz Carlos Luz
Published: March 2020

Editorial - Dossiê: Puebla: 40 anos
Jesus Cristo
Authors: Wisniewski Eliseu
Published: March 2020

MANZATTO, Antonio. Jesus Cristo.  São Paulo: Paulinas, 2019, 88 p., 13,5 x 20,0mm– ISBN 97889788535645026.
Anerkennung und Eigensinn Übersetzungskonflikte am Beispiel der Ethikratsdebatte zu Intersexualität
Authors: Nassehi Armin , Saake Irmhild , Tann Matthias
Published: March 2020

Wie andere Minderheiten kämpfen auch intersexuelle Menschen um gesellschaftliche Anerkennung. Das ist sowohl notwendig als auch durchaus erwartbar. Die sozialwissenschaftliche Debatte dazu hat aber selten die Frage der Anerkennung als Gegenstand im Blick, sondern nimmt selbst eine Perspektive der Anerkennung ein. Solche „anerkennungstheoretischen“ Ansätze können freilich, weil sie sich selbst als Teil der Debatte positionieren, kaum soziologisch über die schwierige Gemengelage aufklären, innerhalb derer der Kampf um Anerkennung von Intersexuellen geführt wird. In dieser Studie wird dagegen am Beispiel von Simultanmitschriften einer Debatte über Intersexualität im Deutschen Ethikrat gezeigt, wie sich die Figur der Anerkennung am professionellen Eigensinn beteiligter Expertise (hier: Medizin, Rechtswissenschaft) bricht. Beispielhafte Rekonstruktionen medizinischer und rechtlicher Argumentationsformen im Ethikrat sollen dies verdeutlichen. Im Anschluss hieran zeigt sich aber auch, welche Art Anerkennung sich gegenüber einer vor kurzem noch beinahe völlig marginalisierten Gruppe in einer modernen, funktional differenzierten Gesellschaft praktisch entfaltet. Dass dies nicht ohne Konflikte und unaufhebbare Differenzen geschieht, interpretiert der Beitrag als Ausdruck der unausweichlichen Codierung funktionssystemspezifischer Kommunikationsformen.
Reformimpulse durch hochschulpolitische Beratung? Eine empirische Analyse der Funktion und Wirkung des Wissenschaftsrates für das deutsche Universitätssystem
Authors: Heinze Thomas , Fehsel Imke , Jappe Arlette
Published: March 2020

Der Aufsatz untersucht vor dem Hintergrund der strukturellen Beharrung des deutschen Universitätssystems die Funktion des Wissenschaftsrates (WR) im föderalen Gefüge der Bundesrepublik, seine interne Arbeitsweise sowie die Umsetzung der von ihm formulierten hochschul- und wissenschaftspolitischen Reformvorschläge. Mithilfe umfangreicher Archiv- sowie amtlicher Längsschnittdaten können wir zeigen, dass der WR als ein überwiegend konservatives Gremium wirkt, dessen Hauptaufgabe in der Herstellung von Konsens zwischen Politik und Wissenschaft besteht. Weitreichende Reformimpulse waren bislang selten und wurden dann nicht oder nur unzureichend umgesetzt. Aus unseren Befunden lässt sich der Bedarf für einen politisch unabhängigen Sachverständigenrat mit dem Mandat ableiten, forschungsbasierte Vorschläge zur institutionellen Erneuerung der deutschen Universitäten, und allgemeiner: des Wissenschafts- und Hochschulsystems zu erarbeiten.
Wenn Hilfesysteme nicht greifen
Authors: Behrens Dirk , Mansfeld Kathrin
Published: March 2020

Der Umgang mit »schwierigen« Klienten erfordert neue pädagogische Konzepte, den Willen zur Kooperation und eine bessere Finanzierung.
Business Intelligence und Partizipation
Authors: Schwerin Robert , Kennerknecht Christoph
Published: March 2020

Im Kreis Pinneberg, wie in vielen anderen Kommunen, werden etwa drei von vier Euro der Haushaltsbudgets für den Sozialbereich aufgewendet. Zusammen mit den politischen Gremien hat man sich daher die Aufgabe gestellt, mit dem Modell einer Integrierten Sozialplanung die Entwicklungen in diesem Segment aktiv zu steuern. Robert Schwerin und Christoph Kennerknecht beschreiben, wie Mit Big Data zusammen mit Bürger- und Trägerbeteilugung dabei helfen kann.
Jugendstrafrecht
Authors: Ostendorf Heribert , Drenkhahn Kirstin
Published: March 2020

Ein Lehrbuch für Anfänger wie für Fortgeschrittene, insbesondere für Studenten mit dem Schwerpunkt „Jugendstrafrecht“. Der Lernstoff ist systematisch aufbereitet, das Lernen wird durch die vielfältigen Schaubilder sowie durch die Darstellung der Justizpraxis und durch Fallbeispiele erleichtert. Ein Repetitorium ermöglicht die Wissenskontrolle. Für Referendare in der Ausbildung bei der Staatsanwaltschaft ist eine Anleitung für Sitzungsvertreter der Staatsanwaltschaft angehängt.

Es wird nicht nur die sogenannte herrschende Meinung (h.M.) wiedergegeben, auch auf kritische wie abweichende Positionen wird hingewiesen. Vielfältig Literaturhinweise sowie ein umfassendes Literaturverzeichnis ermöglicht eine vertiefende Diskussion.
Das private "Hausrecht"
Authors: von Bressensdorf Tobias
Published: March 2020

Der ursprünglich strafrechtliche Begriff des „Hausrechts“ hat sich erst in der jüngeren Vergangenheit im Privatrecht fest etabliert. Die dogmatischen Grundlagen dieses Rechts haben in der Wissenschaft bisher kaum Aufmerksamkeit erfahren. Diese Lücke schließt Tobias von Bressensdorf mit seiner Abhandlung, in der er die dogmatische Funktion, die sachenrechtliche Ausgestaltung und die allgemeinen Schranken des privaten „Hausrechts“ umfassend untersucht. Ziel ist eine Entmystifizierung des „Hausrechts“ durch die Rückführung des Rechtsinstituts auf bekannte dogmatische Strukturen und Figuren. Die zentrale These der Abhandlung ist insoweit, dass die Funktion des Begriffs in einer Ordnung und Systematisierung des Rechtsstoffs liegt, ihm aber kein eigener Regelungsgehalt zukommt. Das private „Hausrecht“ wird dabei auf Grundlage der gesetzlichen Vorschriften über Besitz und Eigentum rekonstruiert und konkretisiert.
Die Arbeit wurde mit dem Dr.-Feldbausch-Preis der Juristenfakultät Leipzig ausgezeichnet.
Les collections extra-européennes et leurs expositions : etude de cas des collections ethnographiques de la croisière noire au musée des Cordeliers de Saint-Jean d’angély
Authors: Nchare Armand Kpoumie
Published: March 2020

Ao falar de coleções extraeuropeias, me remeto àquelas provenientes da África, da Ásia e das Américas (do Sul, Central e do Norte). A evocação de seu contexto cultural, neste início de século XXI, estará baseada no estudo de caso da sua valorização no Musée des Cordeliers de Saint-Jean-d’Angély, em Charente-Maritime (France). Trata-se de uma instituição museal que possui coleções extra-europeias de maior ou menor importância, mas com frequência e desenvolvimento bastante particulares. Tais coleções representam – na região de Poitou-Charentes como no resto da França– a diversidade geográfica, de materiais, de funções e de culturas. A arte extraeuropeia é uma produção de sociedades que não atendem às normas sociais e culturais conhecidas na Europa. Hoje, sua conservação e exibição no Musée des Cordeliers de Saint-Jean-d’Angély – considerado o olhar marcadamente exótico e estético sobre os objetos, além da representação que se faz do “Outro” que produziu os objetos – remetem a um inevitável etnocentrismo.Palavras-chave : Coleções, Etnografia, ollections, Ethnographie, Croisière noire,Exposição, Musée des Cordeliers.
The Enzyme Immobilization: Carriers and Immobilization methods
Authors: M. Spasojević , O. Prodanović , N. Pantić , N. Popović , A. M. Balaž , R. Prodanović
Published: March 2020

Strategies based on the enzyme application are increasingly replacing the conventionalchemical procedures because of their efficiency, quicker performance and environmentalprotection. However, natural enzymes can rarely be used in industrysince their beneficial features cannot endure the industrial conditions. Additionaldrawbacks of natural enzymes are their inhibition by reaction products and difficultyto be removed from the reaction mixture. The most promising techniqueto substantially improve the enzyme properties, such as activity, pH, thermal andorganic-solvent stability, reusability and storage stability, in non-natural environmentsis by the enzyme immobilization. In this review different techniques usedto immobilize enzymes to inert carriers were summarized. Different materials ofboth the organic and inorganic origin were used as carriers for the enzyme immobilization.A class of new materials where the enzyme performance was enhancedby combining different classical materials and shaping in specific forms was alsosummarized.
Contingency and Convergence
Authors: Powell Russell
Published: March 2020

Can we can use the patterns and processes of convergent evolution to make inferences about universal laws of life, on Earth and elsewhere?

In this book, Russell Powell investigates whether we can use the patterns and processes of convergent evolution to make inferences about universal laws of life, on Earth and elsewhere. Weaving together disparate philosophical and empirical threads, Powell offers the first detailed analysis of the interplay between contingency and convergence in macroevolution, as it relates to both complex life in general and cognitively complex life in particular. If the evolution of mind is not a historical accident, the product of convergence rather than contingency, then, Powell asks, is mind likely to be an evolutionarily important feature of any living world?

Stephen Jay Gould argued for the primacy of contingency in evolution. Gould's “radical contingency thesis” (RCT) has been challenged, but critics have largely failed to engage with its core claims and theoretical commitments. Powell fills this gap. He first examines convergent regularities at both temporal and phylogenetic depths, finding evidence that both vindicates and rebuffs Gould's argument for contingency. Powell follows this partial defense of the RCT with a substantive critique. Among the evolutionary outcomes that might defy the RCT, he argues, cognition is particularly important—not only for human-specific issues of the evolution of intelligence and consciousness but also for the large-scale ecological organization of macroscopic living worlds. Turning his attention to complex cognitive life, Powell considers what patterns of cognitive convergence tell us about the nature of mind, its evolution, and its place in the universe. If complex bodies are common in the universe, might complex minds be common as well?
AI Ethics
Authors: Coeckelbergh Mark
Published: March 2020

An accessible synthesis of ethical issues raised by artificial intelligence that moves beyond hype and nightmare scenarios to address concrete questions.

Artificial intelligence powers Google's search engine, enables Facebook to target advertising, and allows Alexa and Siri to do their jobs. AI is also behind self-driving cars, predictive policing, and autonomous weapons that can kill without human intervention. These and other AI applications raise complex ethical issues that are the subject of ongoing debate. This volume in the MIT Press Essential Knowledge series offers an accessible synthesis of these issues. Written by a philosopher of technology, AI Ethics goes beyond the usual hype and nightmare scenarios to address concrete questions.

Mark Coeckelbergh describes influential AI narratives, ranging from Frankenstein's monster to transhumanism and the technological singularity. He surveys relevant philosophical discussions: questions about the fundamental differences between humans and machines and debates over the moral status of AI. He explains the technology of AI, describing different approaches and focusing on machine learning and data science. He offers an overview of important ethical issues, including privacy concerns, responsibility and the delegation of decision making, transparency, and bias as it arises at all stages of data science processes. He also considers the future of work in an AI economy. Finally, he analyzes a range of policy proposals and discusses challenges for policymakers. He argues for ethical practices that embed values in design, translate democratic values into practices and include a vision of the good life and the good society.
The Use of Meta-discourse An Analysis of Interactive and Interactional Markers in English Short Stories as a Type of Literary Genre
Authors: AlJazrawi Dunya A , AlJazrawi Zeena A.
Published: March 2020

The present study investigated the frequency and type of metadiscourse markers in short stories as a kind of literary genre and how these markers are used by short story writers to produce persuasive texts. It is a pioneering study, since very few studies in the literature tackled literary genre and no study involved analyzing short stories. The corpus of 88,940 words consisted of 18 short story texts written by the three famous American authors Edgar Allan Poe, Mark Twain and Raymond Carver. To analyze this corpus, Hyland’s (2005) comprehensive model of metadiscourse was used. Results of the study indicated that metadiscourse markers are employed by short story writers to produce coherent texts and to make their stories persuasive. These results agreed with those of previous studies that involved literary texts indicating that metadiscourse markers are used frequently in such texts. The study findings proved that short stories are considered as persuasive texts not only due to non-linguistic factors, such as transportation, but also due to a linguistic one, namely, the use of metadiscourse markers. This finding is the most significant one, since it refutes the opinion that short stories are persuasive texts solely due to transportation and other similar factors.
Relevance Theoretical Interpretation of Maya Angelou’s “Still I Rise”
Authors: Igwedibia Adaoma , Okeke Austin , Anieke Christian , Innocent Ikechukwu Ozouri
Published: March 2020

For certain, one does not need to be a colossal voracious reader as to arriving at what Maya Angelou is driving at in virtually all her works. Of course, Maya is not just a fantastic poet but also a renowned storyteller, a fearless activist, a peculiar autobiographer, a gifted singer and playwright whose works generally provoke some sort of empowering flash of thoughts in that they are mostly soused in a struggle to overcome prejudice and injustice. As a matter of fact, Maya Angelou’s works are evidently frontal and a host of them have been literarily torn in and out. Hence they are glaringly a projection of self-awareness even in the face of oppression. It is on this stroke that this present study seeks to dig deep into the most confrontational work of Maya Angelou, her assertive but reliant poem “Still I Rise” so as to come by other extra-linguistic significations therein. And when a study tends to incorporate other varying meanings in a particular data in relation to context, it is, presumably, under the purview of pragmatics whose preoccupation is to accentuate meaning on context basis. But pragmatics is such broad a discipline with several frameworks. Therefore, even though this paper is going to be very much encompassing in the course of this study, its object of attention is to pragmatically study just a fraction of Maya Angelou’s works, her poem “Still I Rise” to be precise with a viable context-based theory, Sperber and Wilson’s Relevance Theory.
PigLeg: prediction of swine phenotype using machine learning
Authors: Bakoev Siroj , Getmantseva Lyubov , Kolosova Maria , Kostyunina Olga , Chartier Duane R. , Tatarinova Tatiana V.
Published: March 2020

Industrial pig farming is associated with negative technological pressure on the bodies of pigs. Leg weakness and lameness are the sources of significant economic loss in raising pigs. Therefore, it is important to identify the predictors of limb condition. This work presents assessments of the state of limbs using indicators of growth and meat characteristics of pigs based on machine learning algorithms. We have evaluated and compared the accuracy of prediction for nine ML classification algorithms (Random Forest, K-Nearest Neighbors, Artificial Neural Networks, C50Tree, Support Vector Machines, Naive Bayes, Generalized Linear Models, Boost, and Linear Discriminant Analysis) and have identified the Random Forest and K-Nearest Neighbors as the best-performing algorithms for predicting pig leg weakness using a small set of simple measurements that can be taken at an early stage of animal development. Measurements of Muscle Thickness, Back Fat amount, and Average Daily Gain were found to be significant predictors of the conformation of pig limbs. Our work demonstrates the utility and relative ease of using machine learning algorithms to assess the state of limbs in pigs based on growth rate and meat characteristics.
Sex Hormones Levels in Male Welders in Nnewi, South-Eastern Nigeria
Authors: Udeogu C. H. , Ogbu I. S. I. , Mbachu A. N. , Ugwu M. C. , Odo O. F. , Ugwu O.
Published: March 2020

Welding processes produce toxic fumes consisting of gaseous and aerosol by-products which pose a risk to the male reproductive systems. The rate of infertility has increased globally. This study therefore sought to assess the effects of welding fume inhalation on the sex hormones of welders in Nnewi. A site-by-site cross-sectional study of 45 welders (aged between 18 and 50 years) who were exposed to welding fumes (Test group) and 45 age-matched non-welders (Control group) was carried out. The ages of the Test and Control subjects, as well as the years of exposure of the Test subjects were obtained via questionnaire. A single non-fasting venous blood (about 5 mls) was collected from the ante-cubital space from the subjects via venipuncture between 8:00 AM and 11:00 AM. Serum was separated following clotting, and used for the investigation of the levels of male sex hormones: Testosterone (T), Progesterone (P), Luteinizing Hormone (LH) and Follicle Stimulating Hormone (FSH) among welders. Sex hormones were assayed by Enzyme Linked Immunosorbent Assay. The results showed that Testosterone (2.45±0.34 ng/ml) was significantly lower (p<0.05) in welders when compared to controls (4.94±0.81 ng/ml) and significantly increased (p<0.05) levels of Progesterone (0.54±0.09 ng/ml) and LH (7.47±1.56 mIU/L) were found in welders compared with controls Progesterone (0.45±0.08 ng/ml) and LH (5.53±1.05 mIU/L). There was no significant difference in the levels of FSH of the test when compared with the controls. This finding of altered hormone levels indicates a likelihood of reduced reproductive outcome. Exposure to welding fume may therefore interfere with testicular functions leading to disordered reproductive performance, delayed conception, and reduced fertility.
Perception of the Subject Matter Specialists about the Motivational Climate Existing in Krishi Vigyan Kendras in Assam
Authors: Saikia Dipankar , Das Pabitra Kr. , Kumar Nirala , Moyong Lucy
Published: March 2020

The study was carried out to measure the existing motivational climate as perceived by the Subject Matter Specialists (SMSs) of Krishi Vigyan Kendras (KVKs) under Assam Agricultural University (AAU). The study was conducted at the KVKs functioning under the administrative control of the Directorate of Extension Education, Assam Agricultural University, Jorhat, Assam. Motivational climate as perceived by SMSs was measured by MAO(C) scale developed by Pareek (1981). Findings revealed that the mean score of dependency climate motive (41.69) was the highest among the six motives, followed closely by control climate motive (40.84). These were followed by achievement climate motive (38.73), expert power climate motive (35.52), affiliation climate motive (33.29) and extension climate motive (32.87) in decreasing order of existing motivational climate strength. Hence it could be stated that an overall dependency-control climate existed in the KVKs under AAU, as perceived by the SMSs.
In silico Analysis of Phytochemicals from Clove against Bronchitis
Authors: Sahu Sonupriya , Sahoo Ashok Kumar , Swain Sitaram , Bhattacharyay Dipankar
Published: March 2020

Bronchitis is an airborne disease, mostly caused by bacteria like Mycoplasma pneumonia and also by influenza virus. Due to hyper secretion and over production of mucus by goblet cells which leads to obstractle in airflow. This disease can be cured using (Syzygium aromaticum) clove extracts. Phytochemicals are secondary metabolites which are basically non-nutritive compounds but can protect from various diseases caused by microorganism. Bioactive compounds like Acetyl eugenol, Beta-caryophyllene and vanillin, crategolic acid, eugenin tannins, gallotannic acid, mrthyl salicylate (painkiller), flavonoids, kaempferol, rhamnetin, eugenitin, triterpenoid like oleanolic acid are found in clove extract. The enzyme and the phytochemicals were run using Biovia Discovery Studio and molecular docking was performed. By the help of -CDocker energy and -CDocker interaction energy the strength of the interaction was evaluated. The key enzyme involved in the biochemical pathway of mycoplasma pneumonia is Thymidine phosphorylase. High positive values for both the parameters indicated that out of different phytochemicals, Myricetin can interrupt the life cycle of Mycoplasma pneumonia spp.  Effectively by deactivating the enzyme Thymidine phosphorylase (Pdb no 4LHM). The present study is to evaluate the action of phytochemicals present in clove (against brochitis diseases).