bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Effectiveness of Conversational Agents (Virtual Assistants) in Health Care: Protocol for a Systematic Review
Authors: de Cock Caroline , Milne-Ives Madison , van Velthoven Michelle Helena , Alturkistani Abrar , Lam Ching , Meinert Edward
Published: December 2019

Background

Conversational agents (also known as chatbots) have evolved in recent decades to become multimodal, multifunctional platforms with potential to automate a diverse range of health-related activities supporting the general public, patients, and physicians. Multiple studies have reported the development of these agents, and recent systematic reviews have described the scope of use of conversational agents in health care. However, there is scarce research on the effectiveness of these systems; thus, their viability and applicability are unclear.

Objective

The objective of this systematic review is to assess the effectiveness of conversational agents in health care and to identify limitations, adverse events, and areas for future investigation of these agents.

Methods

The Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses Protocols will be used to structure this protocol. The focus of the systematic review is guided by a population, intervention, comparator, and outcome framework. A systematic search of the PubMed (Medline), EMBASE, CINAHL, and Web of Science databases will be conducted. Two authors will independently screen the titles and abstracts of the identified references and select studies according to the eligibility criteria. Any discrepancies will then be discussed and resolved. Two reviewers will independently extract and validate data from the included studies into a standardized form and conduct quality appraisal.

Results

As of January 2020, we have begun a preliminary literature search and piloting of the study selection process.

Conclusions

This systematic review aims to clarify the effectiveness, limitations, and future applications of conversational agents in health care. Our findings may be useful to inform the future development of conversational agents and promote the personalization of patient care.

International Registered Report Identifier (IRRID)

PRR1-10.2196/16934
Studi dukungan sosial keluarga dengan perkembangan kemandirian emosional remaja usia sekolah menengah pertama full day school
Authors: Mardiyah Itsna Abidah , Susanto Tantut , Susumaningrum Latifa Aini
Published: December 2019

Early adolescents in high school with full-day school may not yet mature in emotional autonomy development. The purpose of this study is to analyze the correlation between family social support and emotional autonomy in adolescents aged junior high school full-day school in Districts of Jember. The design of this study is cross-sectional which is conducted among 154 adolescents aged 13-15 years with stratified random sampling. The questionnaire are self-administered questionnaires, participant characteristics, family social support (PSS-FA), and emotional autonomy (EAS) questionnaire. A Chi-square test was used to analyze to answer the research. Result shows that among adolescent have good family social support (70.8%) and high emotional autonomy (54.5%). There is a correlation between family social support and emotional autonomy of the adolescent with full-day school (X2=5.27; p-value=0.02). Adolescent with moderate family social support can prevent emotional autonomy immaturity (OR=0.427; 95% CI=0.205-0.891). Family social support is needed to develop maturity emotional autonomy among adolescents. Therefore, the parents need to give social support for adolescents during their change of development.
The economic impacts of wheelchair use: Evidence from Central Java, Indonesia
Authors: Pratiwi Agnes Bhakti , Setiyaningsih Hermawati , Mahardya Rizki , Hafidz Firdaus , Puspandari Diah Ayu
Published: December 2019

An estimated 10% of the global population has disabilities, and 1 out of 10 require wheelchairs. Although imperative, the provision of wheelchair services remains challenging, especially in low resource settings. Interacting barriers in availability of wheelchair services and healthcare access can negatively affect households of people with disabilities in productivity and obtaining income. The availability of wheelchair services can potentially lessen the related economic burden. However, to date there is limited evidence concerning the economic gain of the wheelchair users in Indonesia. This study aims to analyze the economic impact of using wheelchairs on households in rural Central Java Province, Indonesia. Economic gains of wheelchair users were measured using a cross-sectional survey in Central Java, Indonesia during 2017. The questionnaires consisted of three main sections, namely general information, socio-economic information before and after using adaptive wheelchair, and income and spending related information. A total of 60 adaptive wheelchair users and parent proxy completed the questionnaires. More than half (55%) of the respondents were male, became impaired in 1998, and used an adaptive wheelchair starting in 2009. Medical conditions of the respondents related to need for a wheelchair are cerebral palsy (29%), paraplegia (29%), and polio (15.5%). Three-fourths of the respondents were working in the informal sector. On average, there is a significant increase of Rp. 217,662 in monthly household income between before and after using a wheelchair. However, there was no significant difference in spending before and after using a wheelchair. Respondents feel that using a wheelchair is beneficial particularly in mobility and helping in their activities. Wheelchair use can increase the income of households with disability. Clients responded that there have been several aspects which need further support, including skills improvement, employment generation for people with disabilities, and adequate public transportation facilities.
Affordances and Constraints: Pre-Service Science Educators Co-Teaching in Support of ELLs
Authors: Drouin Steven , Karathanos-Aguilar Katya , Lehmkuhl-Dakhwe Virginia
Published: December 2019

Co-teaching has increasingly been utilized as an alternative model for the student teaching experience in pre-service education. Recent literature highlights potential for co-teachers to develop by engaging in cycles of inquiry in learning communities. The purpose of this study was to explore the experience of a science student teacher who engaged in cycles of inquiry around supporting English language learners (ELLs) in a co-teaching student teaching placement. This qualitative case study involved a science mentor teacher and a science student teacher engaged in a yearlong co-teaching placement. Data sources included surveys, interviews, and written and oral lesson plans and reflections. Four affordances were identified as assisting the student teacher in her efforts to support ELL students during the co-teaching experience: identification of ELL needs, purposing science labs, focusing on ELLs, and competence validation. Three constraints appeared to limit the student-teacher’s ability to support ELL students during her co-teaching student-teaching experience: perceived multiple purposes for science labs, time constraints, and power dynamics in the co-teaching relationship. This study provides insights into potential benefits and challenges associated with the use of co-teaching with professional learning communities and cycles of inquiry as a model of teacher preparation.
SELF-NANO EMULSIFYING DRUG DELIVERY SYSTEM OF EFAVIRENZ: FORMULATION, IN VITRO EVALUATION AND CHARACTERIZATION
Authors: PAMU SANDHYA
Published: December 2019

Objective: The main objective of this study was to preparation and evaluation of efavirenz (EFV) to enhance its solubility and dissolution rate by self-emulsifying drug delivery system.

Methods: EFV self-emulsifying drug delivery systems (SNEDDS) were formulated using different oils, surfactant, and co-surfactant. Peceol, Tween 20, and Capmul MCM were used as oil, surfactant, and co-surfactant, respectively, followed by the evaluation by the performance of different tests such as visual observation, solubility studies, thermodynamic stability study, transmittance studies, drug content, and in-vitro release study.

Results: Fourier-transform infrared studies revealed negligible drug and polymer interaction. From the phase diagram, it was observed that self-emulsifying region was enhanced with increasing surfactant and co-surfactant concentrations with oil. F13 was selected as optimized formulation on the basis of physicochemical parameters, particle size, and in-vitro dissolution studies with the release of 98.39±5.10% drug in 1 hour. The optimized formulation size was found to be 156.7 nm as mean droplet size and Z-Average of 808.6 nm with -18.3 mV as zeta potential.

Conclusion: The study demonstrated that SNEDDS was a promising strategy to enhance the dissolution rate of EFV by improving solubility.
SCREENING AND EVALUATION OF SECONDARY METABOLITES PRESENT IN PIPER CUBEBA
Authors: NIRMALA NITHYA R  , SAI NANDHINI R
Published: December 2019

Objective: Bioactive compounds like phytochemicals are extracted mainly from plants, as they serve as traditional herbal medicine. The secondary metabolite such as alkaloids, flavonoids, and phenolic compounds serve as natural antioxidants and has been widely used due to its therapeutic applications. The objective of this study was to do preliminary phytochemical screening of the spice Piper cubeba.

Methods: Totally, three solvents were used to prepare the extract. Of all the three extracts used, methanolic extract showed higher release of secondary metabolites when compared to ethyl acetate and hexane extract. Further quantitative analysis was carried out with the methanolic extract.

Results: The presence of alkaloids, flavonoids, phenolic compounds, and tannins was observed. A significant result such as 1040 μg of Gallic acid equivalent/g of total concentration of flavonoid and 1280 μg of quercetin equivalent/g of total phenolic content was obtained.
A META-ANALYSIS COMPARING THE EFFICACY AND SAFETY OF TERLIPRESSIN AND OCTREOTIDE IN THE MANAGEMENT OF ACUTE VARICEAL BLEEDING
Authors: AKANKSHA MATHUR  , ACHAL SHARMA
Published: December 2019

Objective: Various clinical trials have compared terlipressin and octreotide in the management of acute variceal bleed, but their results have been inconsistent. Therefore, the present meta-analysis was performed to compare the clinical efficacy and safety of terlipressin and octreotide and gather the strength of evidence regarding their use in variceal hemorrhage.

Methods: Randomized control trials were identified using PubMed search engine and Cochrane clinical trial register (from 1994 to 2019). Initial hemostasis rate, rebleeding rate on the 5th day, and overall mortality rate during the study period were studied. The extracted data were analyzed using review manager 5.3 software. Odds ratio with 95% confidence intervals (CI) was estimated for the dichotomous outcomes.

Results: A total of six randomized control trials were identified. Through comparisons of data for terlipressin and octreotide groups, we found no statistically significant differences in the initial hemostasis rate, rebleeding rate on the 5th day, and overall mortality rate between the different treatment approaches.

Conclusion: The comparison of terlipressin and octreotide showed them to be equally effective and safe therapeutic agents in patients of acute variceal bleeding. Further, evidence from the future randomized controlled trials with higher quality and larger sample sizes is needed to confirm these findings.
TO STUDY THE IN VITRO INHIBITION OF BLOOD PLATELET AGGREGATION BY ISOLATED COMPOUNDS FROM CLAUSENA DENTATA (WILLD.) ROEM.
Authors: ANNAMALAI MADURAM  , RAJU KAMARAJ
Published: December 2019

Objectives: The objectives of the study were to study the antiplatelet aggregation activity of compounds isolated from extracts of Clausena dentata. Clausena (Rutaceae) is a genus of about 23 species of unarmed trees and shrubs. The stem bark of C. dentata is used in veterinary medicine for the treatment of wounds and sprains. Even though C. dentata has a lot of potential medical uses, the study of pharmacological properties is very scarce.

Methods: The plant C. dentata was collected from Kadagaman, near Tiruvannamalai, Tamil Nadu, India, and authenticated by Centre for Advanced Study in Botany, University of Madras, Chennai. The dry powder of stem bark was extracted with hexane, chloroform, and methanol. The extracts were subjected to qualitative phytochemical screening and column chromatography. Four compounds were isolated. All the isolated compounds were subjected to adenosine diphosphate (ADP)-induced platelet aggregation and compared with aspirin.

Results: The isolated compounds from C. dentata and standard aspirin showed significant antiplatelet activity against ADP-induced platelet aggregation.

Conclusion: The compounds, 3-(1,1-dimethylallyl)xanthyletin, dentatin, nordentatin, and carbazole showed significant antiplatelet aggregation activity. Among the compounds, nordentatin showed more activity of antiplatelet aggregation.
ANTIBACTERIAL ACTIVITY OF ROBUSTA COFFEE (COFFEA CANEPHORA L.) LEAVES TO STAPHYLOCOCCUS AUREUS AND ESCHERICHIA COLI
Authors: ZAMHARIRA MUSLIM  , YONANIKO DEPHINTO
Published: December 2019

Objective: This research aims to analyze the ability of robusta coffee leaves fraction extract to inhibit the growth of Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli and also determine the minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC).

Methods: Antibacterial activity evaluated by the disc diffusion method observed in four types of fraction of extract robusta coffee leaves (n-hexane, ethyl acetate, ethanol, and water). Each extract divided into three various concentrations, 5%, 10%, and 15%. Determination of antimicrobial activity in vitro by the disk diffusion method.

Results: Ethyl acetate fraction of coffee leaves extract produced the largest diameter zone of inhibition of bacterial growth compared to other extraction fractions of 17.28 mm in E. coli and 18.58 mm in S. aureus. The MIC of coffee leaves extract fraction water, ethyl acetate, and n-hexane on E. coli and S. aureus is 5%, while the fraction ethanol MIC is 10%.

Conclusion: The antibacterial effect of ethyl acetate fraction of coffee leaves extract showed an antibacterial effect that was better than the fraction of n-hexane, ethanol, and water.
HYDATID CYST WITH FOCUS ON MANIFESTATIONS, DIAGNOSIS, AND MANAGEMENT: REVIEW
Authors: KANAAN AL-TAMEEMI  , RAIAAN KABAKLI
Published: December 2019

Hydatids or cystic echinococcosis results from being infected with Echinococcus granulosus that found in dogs as definitive hosts and humans, sheep, goats, and pigs as intermediate hosts, mainly prevailing in regions with animal husbandry. Echinococcosis is a public health concern, especially in developing regions; this is due to the medical and economic harm to humans and the inefficiency of treatment and the difficulties of diagnosis in the early stages of infection. Our review summarizes the historical backgrounds of Echinococcus, together with the biological and epidemiological aspects of parasite, in addition to diagnosis and treatment ways.
ENDOTHELIAL PROTECTIVE ACTIVITY OF 2,6-DIISOBORNYL-4-METHYLPHENOL IN A MODEL OF MYOCARDIAL ISCHEMIA/REPERFUSION IN RATS
Authors: PETR P. SHCHETININ  , VERA I. SMOL’YAKOVA  , TATYANA M. PLOTNIKOVA  , ALEKSANDR V. KUCHIN  , AleksandrVLADIMIR V. UDUT
Published: December 2019

Objective: Our research focuses on the endothelial protective effects of 2,6-diisobornyl-4-methylphenol. Its effect was revealed while studying rats experiencing myocardial ischemia/reperfusion. The research results demonstrated that there are significant disturbances in the vascular endothelium manifested by a decrease in the vasodilating activity and antiplatelet properties of 2,6-diisobornyl-4-methylphenol.

Methods: We designed our own model of myocardial ischemia/reperfusion and applied it to 52 adult outbred Wistar males. We employed some methods of hemostasiological research such as thromboelastography to determine the antiplatelet activity of the vascular wall, G. Born nephelometric method to study platelet aggregation, phase contrast microscopy to count platelet counts in blood plasma, measurement of intra-arterial pressure to study the endothelial vasodilating function, and calculated the endothelial dysfunction coefficient in rats.

Results: Preventive intragastric injection of 2,6-diisobornyl-4-methylphenol (100 mg/kg, 3 days before and 5 days after reproducing the myocardial ischemia/reperfusion model) increased the antiplatelet activity of the vascular endothelium in rats by 37% compared to the endothelium of the abdominal aorta segment of untreated animals. Moreover, 2,6-diisobornyl-4-methylphenol decreased the endothelial dysfunction coefficient by 43% in comparison with the value in the control group.

Conclusion: 2,6-diisobornyl-4-methylphenol has an endothelial protective effect proved by its ability to increase antiplatelet properties of the endothelium and decrease the endothelial dysfunction coefficient. The revealed endothelial protective properties of 2,6-diisobornyl-4-methylphenol can be regarded as one of the potential mechanisms of cardioprotective activity of the drug.
THE ROLE OF ACTIVIN A AND FOLLISTATIN IN THE DIFFERENTIATION BETWEEN VIABLE INTRAUTERINE PREGNANCY FROM MISSED MISCARRIAGE AND ECTOPIC PREGNANCY
Authors: ESRAA HAMEED HUMADI AL-MAINI  , ISRAA TAILB ABD AL-KADIR  , RAWNAQ ALI AL-SAADI
Published: December 2019

Objective: The objective of the study was to investigate the role of activin A and follistatin (FS) in the differentiation between viable intrauterine pregnancy from missed miscarriage and ectopic pregnancy (EP).
Study Design: This was a case–control study.
Setting: This study was conducted at the Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology at Al-Yarmouk Teaching Hospital, from February 2017 to October 2017.
Patients and Methods: The study included 90 pregnant women, aged from 21 to 40 years old in their the first trimester attending the outpatient and inpatient clinic with single fetal pregnancy with a gestational age range between 6th and 8th weeks, they were divided into three groups; Group A: Includes 30 cases with uncomplicated pregnancies in their first trimester, Group B: Includes 30 cases diagnosed as missed miscarriages, and Group C: Includes 30 cases diagnosed as EPs.
Results: There was no significant difference in the maternal age and body mass index between the three groups, β-human chorionic gonadotropin, activin A, FS, and their ratio were significantly higher in the healthy intrauterine pregnancy compared to missed miscarriage and EP. Activin A and activin A/FS ratio had an excellent ability to discriminate EP from healthy intrauterine pregnancy, while FS alone had good ability to discriminate between EP and intrauterine pregnancy. Activin A had fair ability to discriminate missed miscarriage from intra healthy uterine pregnancy, while both FS and activin A/FS ratio had poor ability to differentiate missed miscarriage and intrauterine pregnancy.
Conclusion: Activin A can be used with high accuracy as a biomarker for EP and missed miscarriage, FS alone, and activin A/FS ratio is a possible biomarker, but it offers lower accuracy compared to activin A alone.
KNOWLEDGE AND PERCEPTIONS OF SELF-MEDICATION PRACTICES IN AN URBAN COMMUNITY
Authors: VARGHESE SNEHA SUJA  , SNEHA DUTTA  , ANN MARY SWAROOP
Published: December 2019

Objective: This study was conducted with the aim to assess the knowledge and attitude of self-medication practices among the residents of an urban community.
Methods: A cross-sectional, observational study was conducted among 270 participants for the duration of 6 months using a semi-structured questionnaire which consisted of the domains of knowledge and attitude. Logistic regression was used for drawing statistical inferences.
Results: The prevalence of self-medication was found to be 37.04%. It was found that 73.33% of the respondents were aware of the term “self-medication” and their major source for information was obtained through acquaintances (44.44%). About 68.55% of the participants agreed that self-medication is a part of taking care of oneself and it needs to be encouraged. Overall, the participants had a good knowledge and positive attitude toward the practice of self-medication.
Conclusion: This study mainly focuses on improving the subjects’ knowledge, thereby bringing changes in the attitude and practice toward disease management. Understanding the subjects’ level of knowledge and attitude will enable a more efficient process for creating an awareness among the public to ensure its safe and responsible use.
EPIDEMIOLOGIC ASPECTS OF TRAUMA IN AL-JOUF REGION, SAUDI ARABIA: A RETROSPECTIVE STUDY
Authors: DOAA M ABDEL-SALAM  , RAWAN R ALRUWAILI  , FARAH S ALHABLANI  , NOUR H ALFAHEL  , ANWAR A ALBLAWI
Published: December 2019

Objectives: This study aimed to determine the types, characteristics, and associated factors of trauma in Al-Jouf Region which is located in Northern part of Saudi Arabia.

Methods: The present study was conducted in the Emergency Department of Prince Meteb Hospital in Al-Jouf Region. A total number of 382 patients were enrolled in the present study. A pre-organized data form were designed for each patient attended the Emergency Department of Prince Meteb Hospital from January 2017 to January 2018. It included data about sociodemographic characteristics, type of trauma, and trauma characteristics.

Results: The mean age of the patients was 24.4±13.4 years. Most of the patients (75%) were <30 years old. Males (86.9%) were influenced by trauma more common than females. Most of the patients (84.8%) were from urban areas. Blunt trauma constituted 58.9% while, penetrating trauma 41.1%. The most common cause of trauma was road traffic accidents, which occurred among 40% of patients. The most frequent trauma site was head trauma (49%). Most of the patients (47.9%) reached the hospital within 30 min. Regarding the fate of patients, 46.1% discharged after management, 42.1% admitted to intensive care units, and only 11.8% died. Blunt trauma was significantly higher than penetrating trauma among the young age group. Patients with blunt trauma arrived hospital significantly earlier than patients with penetrating trauma. The fate of patients is significantly better in blunt trauma than penetrating trauma.

Conclusion: Trauma is considered to be a major public health problem, particularly in the young population in Saudi Arabia. Blunt trauma is more common than penetrating trauma, with road traffic accidents representing the majority.
THERMODYNAMIC AND KINETIC STUDIES FOR THE BINDING OF LEAD ION BY CHELATING WITH THEOPHYLLINE 1,3-DIMETHYLXANTHINE (THERAPY DRUG)
Authors: HUDA N AL-ANI
Published: December 2019

Objective: Chelating therapy is a medical procedure that involves the administration of chelating agents to remove heavy metals from the body; chelating agents detoxify heavy metals and toxins, converting them to inactive forms which were excreted out from the body. This work demonstrates the complication of the drug with toxic heavy metal lead (Π) ion.

Methods: All the experiments were performed at different temperature (303, 308, 313, 318, and 323) °K, by spectrophotometric method. The electronic spectra of the mixture of drug and lead ion show a bathochromic (red) shift in ʎmax, the absorbance change caused by a complex arrangement between the lead ion and drug.

Results: The stoichiometry of the complex formed was calculated using continuous variation method, it was found (1:2) that the durability constant was estimated that the standard thermodynamic parameters ΔH°, ΔG°, and ΔS° were determined, the negative values of free energy changes ΔG° indicate a spontaneous complexation process. The positive values of enthalpy change indicate an endothermic process with an increase in entropy change ΔS° (positive), that means the process in an entropy driven.

Conclusion: The kinetic studies of the complexation of drug and ion were found to follow the second-order reaction, which was confined by the straight line and a high rate constant.
ANTI-ULCER AGENTS: A PHARMACOLOGICAL UPDATE OF THE PAST TEN YEARS
Authors: SUDIP KUMAR MANDAL  , SUBHOJIT DAWN  , ANINDYA BOSE
Published: December 2019

New anti-ulcer substances are still vitally necessary for the people of countries such as India and South Africa to avoid high cost of the most prescribed marketed anti-ulcer drugs (proton-pump inhibitors). New candidate against gastric ulcer is also necessary to avoid the potential problem (enterochromaffin-like cell hyperplasia may be induced) associated with the long-term use of synthetic proton-pump inhibitors. However, the search for the novel entity against ulceration is challenging because of the complexity of the ulcer process and its role in host defense to infections. Nature is the source of remedies for the humankind. Among the different biological activities of the natural products that have been published till date, anti-ulcer is one of the most reported effects. Some single natural products such as curcumin, 1-hydroxy-3,7,8-trimethoxyxanthone, cinnamic acid, thymol, epoxycarvone, and menthol; single synthetic products such as, 4,6-diaryl-3, 4-dihydropyrimidin-2(1H)-thiones, 1,4-dihydropyrimidine derivatives, and dihydropyrimidinone and piperidine hybrids; plant products such as Aloe vera, Mangifera indica, Zingiber officinale, Azadirachta indica, Psidium guava, Carica papaya, Panax ginseng, Terminalia chebula, Ocimum sanctum, Daucus carota, and Mimosa pudica, Alpinia galangal; nutraceuticals such as garlic, cauliflower, banana, honey, cucumber, and cod liver oil with anti-ulcer effects have been discussed in this review. A complete review of literature was conducted using different databases on ScienceDirect, Scopus, PubMed, and Google Scholar. This review is a genuine attempt to explore the past 10 years’ pharmacological update of some anti-ulcer agents.
A REVIEW OF BOTANY, MEDICINAL USES, AND BIOLOGICAL ACTIVITIES OF PENTANISIA PRUNELLOIDES (RUBIACEAE)
Authors: MAROYI ALFRED
Published: December 2019

This study is aimed at providing a critical review of the botany, biological activities and medicinal uses of P. prunelloides. Documented information on botany, biological activities, and medicinal uses of P. prunelloides was collected from several online sources which included BMC, Scopus, SciFinder, Google Scholar, Science Direct, Elsevier, PubMed, and Web of Science. Additional information on the botany, biological activities, and medicinal uses of P. prunelloides was gathered from book chapters, books, journal articles, theses, and scientific publications sourced from the University of Fort Hare Library. The study showed that the leaves and roots of P. prunelloides are used as herbal medicines for bodily pains, burns, cancer, diabetes, fever, gastrointestinal problems, heartburn, heart problems, respiratory problems, retained placenta, rheumatism, sexually transmitted infections, skin infections, snakebite, sores, wounds, toothache, and vomiting. Pharmacological research revealed that P. prunelloides extracts have antibacterial, antimycobacterial, antifungal, antiviral, antidiabetic, anti-inflammatory, analgesic, antioxidant, uterotonic and cytotoxicity activities. Future studies should focus on evaluating the phytochemical, pharmacological, and toxicological activities of P. prunelloides crude extracts as well as chemical compounds isolated from the species.
TO STUDY THE ULCEROPROTECTIVE EFFECT OF LEAVES OF MORINGA OLEIFERA ON EXPERIMENTALLY INDUCED INFLAMMATORY BOWEL DISEASE ON ANIMAL MODELS
Authors: SHIPRA KAUSHIK  , SHOBHIT KAUSHIK
Published: December 2019

Objective: The present study was carried out to evaluate the ulceroprotective effect of ethanolic extract of leaves of Moringa oleifera (EEMO) on experimentally induced inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) on Albino (Wistar strain) rats.

Methods: The rats were divided into four groups of six animals each. Group A and Group B received gum acacia per orally (P.O.), Group C received EEMO in dose of 500 mg/kg/day P.O., and Group D received 5-aminosalicylic acid (5-ASA) in the dose of 100 mg/kg/day P.O. All the animals were pre-treated with respective drugs (volume of drugs was kept constant at 10 ml/kg) for 5 days, along with the normal diet. On 5th day, animals were kept fasting for 12 h (overnight), and IBD was induced next morning in Groups B, C, and D by the administration of 1 ml of 4% acetic acid solution transrectally (TR). Group A (normal control) received 0.9% normal saline TR instead.

Results: The results have been shown that EEMO has significant activity against experimentally induced IBD when compared to the experimental control, with near normalization of colon architecture both macroscopically as well as microscopically. Tissue oxidative stress was reduced with significant improvement in tissue levels of superoxide dismutase (SOD) and catalase (CAT). Furthermore, significant improvement in levels of myeloperoxidase (MPO) was observed.

Conclusion: It is concluded that EEMO has got potent activity against experimentally induced IBD due to its anti-inflammatory and antioxidant properties.
Milton Friedman: el economista antes del viaje definitivo
Authors: Andújar Scheker Julio G.
Published: December 2019

Milton Friedman es conocido por muchos, para bien o para mal, como el más alto exponente de la Escuela de Chicago, némesis de la dominante escuela keynesiana durante los años de postguerra. Con­troversial, polémico y siempre presto a defender sus ideas, Friedman fue más que eso. Fue una estrella con luz propia que escribió más de 200 artículos y que revolucionó la teoría económica en sus fases monetaria, real, metodológica y filosófica (Beyer, 1995). Influyó de forma decisiva en el debate de políticas públicas. Su impronta quedó marcada en economías tan distantes como la china y la chilena y en ramas de esta ciencia tan apartadas como la monetaria y la econo­mía de la educación. Todo esto y mucho más se sabe de uno de los economistas más influyentes del siglo XX. De su vida previa al viaje definitivo a Chicago se conoce menos. Este documento explora esa historia en un tour de force desde sus orígenes y su estructura fami­liar hasta la actividad frenética de los años de la Segunda Guerra Mundial y la postguerra, cubriendo sus años de formación, las ideas que lo influenciaron, sus mentores, sus comienzos en el mercado la­boral y su visión académica fundamentada en una extraña mezcla de Chicago con Columbia, entre otros.
Formulation and In-vitro evaluation of sustained release matrix tablet of Metformin hydrochloride
Authors: Gaware Ravi U , Waykar Gayatri R , Yewale Madhuri K , Mhaske Rutuja B , Mhaske Poonam S
Published: December 2019

The low bioavailability and short half-life of Metformin hydrochloride (MH) make the development of sustained-release forms desirable. Present work involves preparation and optimization of sustained release matrix tablet of MH by direct compression method using HPMC K 100 and ethyl cellulose as a matrix forming polymer. Avicel was added as a direct compaction vehicle to improve the compaction behavior of Metformin which otherwise exhibits poor compaction behavior which again is further increased by its relatively high dose. Hydrophilic matrix of HPMC alone resulted in initial burst of Metformin release, however when combined with ethyl cellulose drug release was slowed down and thereafter it became optimal at particular concentration of polymers.

Keywords:  Metformin, HPMC, Ethyl cellulose, sustained release, matrix, tablet.
Políticas públicas y embarazo adolescente. Un estudio de caso en Caleta Olivia para el ajuste y adecuación de las políticas del Ministerio de Desarrollo Social orientadas a la población adolescente
Authors: Roldán Sandra , Guerra Lía , Isla Agueda , López Graciela
Published: December 2019

Parte fundamental, y condición inicial, de la solución de un problema es tenerlo claramente identificado. En tal sentido, la provincia de Santa Cruz no cuenta con un sistema estadístico relativo a la niñez y adolescencia, el cual – según declaraciones recientes de funcionarios con competencia en el área – se hallaría en construcción.  La ONU ha observado (6/12/16) que en la mayoría de los países no existen datos sistematizados para orientar las políticas, detectar deficiencias y optimizar la asignación de recursos. Argentina, y particularmente la provincia de Santa Cruz no son una excepción. Por ello el objetivo del proyecto se centró en producir conocimiento sobre el estado de situación del embarazo adolescente y las políticas públicas implementadas para su prevención, con objeto de contribuir al mejoramiento de su eficacia, para lo cual se realizó un estudio de tipo exploratorio cuanti-cualitativo. En primer lugar, se procedió a la caracterización de planes y programas nacionales y provinciales, y en segundo lugar el desarrollo de talleres para adolescentes en el CIC, charlas en escuelas, entrevistas a gestoras de políticas públicas y un conversatorio popular. Pese a las cuantiosas inversiones estatales puede observarse que, la tasa de fecundidad adolescente -fuertemente correlacionada con la desigualdad social- no desciende en términos comparativos en la región al mismo tiempo que se presentan yuxtaposiciones, desacoples y desarticulaciones en las políticas públicas, un alto esfuerzo de articulación en territorio que resulta insuficiente,  y adolescentes que, pese a la existencia de acciones del estado, no se perciben como destinatarios/as de dichas políticas.
THREE BUCKETS SYSTEM FOR FOOD STREET INDUSTRY. CASE STUDY IN BANDUNG AND PALEMBANG
Authors: Riyadi Dony , Bangun Yusuf Kusuma
Published: December 2019

Food Street has become an Industry in Indonesia with growth Manificiently year by year, Many Business Cities such as Bandung- Capital City of West Java and Palembang- Capital City of South Sumatera, Food street industry in Indonesia is very rapidly development, All major cities in Indonesia have main area for food street vendors, and has become part of Lifestyle, Cleanliness is a Important issue that Domestic and Foreign Tourists are very detail mentioned on this matter, Food Hygiene, This research emphasizes the Solution of Cleaning Equipment and Cooking Hygiene Problems, Three Buckets System is adopted from cleanliness procedure on cruise ship, with the Wash - Rinse and Sanitize System then the Hygiene Guarantee will be more effective.Based on 6 (six) Principles of Food Hygiene,one of mentioned is Hygiene of Cookware and Dinner wares,Use of the Three Buckets System at a Street Vendor using the Portable (Three Bucket System) Tool to make it easier for Street Merchants to use the tool at a cost that is not large.Of the 250 Respondents interviewed 90% stated that cleanliness is very important in considering buying decisions in the street vendors.Some obstacles faced by Food Street Vendors in maintaining cleanliness are the availability of clean running water, Places and costs incurred in making washing Equipment, with Three Buckets System is expected to be a solution in maintaining cleanliness so that customer health can be maintained with cleanliness of Cooking Equipment and Utensils till Dinner Wares.
ANALYSIS OF FACTORS AFFECTING GUEST DECISION IN PURCHASE OF ROOM SERVICE IN HOTEL “GRAND INNA PADANG”
Authors: Abrian Youmil , Adrian Arif , Surendra Rian
Published: December 2019

This paper was conducted to determine what factors encourage consumer decisions in choosing Grand Inna Hotel Padang, as well as the contribution of each of these factors. Researchers used the Grand Inna Hotel Padang because the hotel is owned by the government. Grand Inna Hotel Padang has unstable occupancy then affects to the hotel revenue. The results showed that there are 7 factors considered by consumers in rooms purchasing  Grand Inna hotel Padang, the 7 factors mentioned are price factors,  service factors, motivation and lifestyle factors, reference group factors, hospitality factors, MICE and brand image. Each of these factors contributes substantially to encouraging consumers to choose Grand Inna hotel Padang. The population of the study was consumers who had stayed at the Grand Inna  Hotel Padang. The sampling technique used purposive sampling with a total sample is 100 respondents. The data analysis technique is factor analysis to determine the factors considered by consumers and multiple regression analysis to determine the extent factors considered affect the purchasing decision. From the results of multiple regression analysis found that the 7 factors together have a significant effect on decision in decisions purchase room service at the Grand Inna Hotel Padang.
Geoinformation analysis of the relief at recreational-and-aesthetic researches of mountain landscapes
Authors: Bibaeva A.Yu. , Makarov A.A.
Published: December 2019

In this study, we base upon the fact that the relief is the framework of landscape and the basis of scenic composition. The morphometric characteristics of the relief are analyzed as complex indicators of the aesthetic assessment of the territory. These are the position of the observation platform in the relief, the prevailing steepness, the exposure, the shape of the slope in the plan and ruggedness of the relief. The algorithm for calculating indicators in the QGIS software package using the GRASS GIS and SAGA GIS modules is presented. The artifacts of the initial values of the SRTM height matrix are eliminated to improve the accuracy of the calculation. An important evaluation criterion at arranging tourist and recreational activities is the proximity to the main traffic routes. In accordance with the human body loads advised and indicators of hiking comfort, buffer zones around highways and railways are created. Basing upon the obtained data of the surface slope and distance from traffic routes, a map of the integral proximity of observation platforms is created. The implementation of the GIS analysis procedures is carried out on the basis of the landscape-and-typological map contours. The study was conducted for the Central Ecological Zone of the Baikal Natural Territory within the administrative and territorial boundaries of the Irkutsk Region 1
Fethiye Yöresinde Yetiştirilen Gökkuşağı Alabalıklarının (Oncorhynchus mykiss, Walbaum 1792) Doğal Radyoaktivite Düzeyleri
Authors: Özmen Süleyman Fatih , Yılmaz Mesut
Published: December 2019

Bu çalışmada Fethiye yöresinde
yetiştirilen gökkuşağı alabalıklarının farklı dokularındaki doğal radyonüklit (226Ra, 232Th
ve 40K) konsantrasyonları belirlenmiştir. Bu amaçla 4 farklı
çiftlikten yaklaşık aynı boylarda olan porsiyonluk balıklar alınarak solungaç,
karaciğer, deri ve kas dokuları ayrılmıştır. İşletmelerin kullandığı
porsiyonluk balık yemleri de örneklenmiştir.  Numunelerin yüksek çözünürlüklü germanyum
dedektörü ile gama spektrometrik ölçümleri gerçekleştirilmiş ve radyolojik risk
faktörleri değerlendirilmiştir. Alabalık örneklerinin yenilebilen kısımlarında 226Ra
aktivitesinin 1,47±0,14-8,26±0,78 Bq kg-1, 232Th aktivitesinin
ÖSA-3.38±0.30 Bq kg-1
ve 40K aktivitesinin 54,94±2,23-140,86±5,82 Bq kg-1
aralığında değiştiği gözlenmiştir. Örneklerin radyum eşdeğer aktivitesi ve
yıllık etkin dozu sırasıyla 6,45-23,94 Bq
kg-1 ve 1,87-4,80 µSv
y-1 olarak
hesaplanmıştır. Elde edilen bulgular balık yetiştiriciliği için referans oluşturması
bakımından önemlidir.
Su Ürünlerinde Halofilik Bakteriler ve Endüstriyel Alanda Kullanımları
Authors: Kılınç Berna
Published: December 2019

Su
ürünlerine tuz ilave edilmesi ürünlerin su aktivitesini düşürmekte bozulmayı
geciktirmektedir. Ancak tuzlanmış, salamura, marine edilmiş, fermente su
ürünlerinde tuzu seven ve tuza tolerans gösteren halofilik bakterilerin
gelişimine neden olabilmektedir. Bu nedenle işlenmiş su ürünlerinde bozulmaya
daha çok tuzu seven ve tuza tolerans gösteren halofilik bakteriler sebep
olmaktadır. Halofilik bakterilerin işlenmiş su ürünlerinde gelişimi kalite
kaybına neden olabilmektedir ancak tuza toleranslı olan bazı halofilik
bakterileri türlerinin  fermente
ürünlerde gelişimi ürünlerde istenen tat ve aroma gelişimine neden
olabilmektedir. Ayrıca halofilik bakterilerin endüstriyel alanda çok sayıda
kullanım alanıda bulunmaktadır. Bu nedenle bu derleme çalışmasında halofilik
bakterileri türleri, denizlerden, 
tuz göllerinden,  tuzlardan, tuzlanmış
ve fermente balık ürünlerinden izole edilen halofilik bakteriler, tuz ve tuzlanmış ve fermente  balık
ürünleri tüketiminin insan sağlığına etkileri, su ürünlerinde halofilik bakterilerin
inhibisyonu ve halofilik bakterilerin endüstriyel alanda kullanımları konularında
yapılmış çalışmalara değinilmiştir.
Faktor Risiko Potensial Reaksi Kusta Pada Etnis Asli di Dua Kantong Kusta – Papua
Authors: Antonius Antonius , Arisanti Yuli , Tanjung Ratna , Mirino Yunita
Published: December 2019

Abstract

Papua and West Papua are two provinces in Indonesia with high rate of leprosy number. One of the problems in leprosy management is the emergence of leprosy reactions. The purpose of this study was to identified  potential risk factors affecting to leprosy reaction among indigenous people in two  leprosy pockets in Papua and West Papua. Cross-sectional studies were conducted in 10 months (February-November 2018) in Jayapura City and Bintuni District, by interview using questionnaire and physical examination. Successfully found 90 subjects of leprosy patients who are undergoing treatment and 18 subjects had experienced of leprosy reaction. Although no dominant potential risk factor was found, history of previous MDT consumption and  history of BCG immunization become potential factors.

 

Key words: reaction, leprosy, papua

 

Abstrak

Papua dan Papua Barat merupakan dua provinsi di Indonesia dengan angka kejadian kusta yang tinggi. Salah satu masalah dalam penanganan kusta adalah timbulnya reaksi kusta. Tujuan dari penelitian ini untuk mengidentifikasi faktor risiko potensial yang berpengaruh pada reaksi kusta pada etnis asli di dua kantong kusta di Papua dan Papua Barat. Penelitian potong lintang dilakukan selama 10 bulan (Februari-November 2018) di Kota Jayapura dan Bintuni, menggunakan wawancara dengan kuisioner dan pemeriksaan fisik. Berhasil ditemukan 90 subyek pasien kusta yang sedang menjalani pengobatan dan 18 di antaranya pernah mengalami reaksi kusta. Meskipun tidak ditemukan faktor risiko potensial yang dominan, namun riwayat minum MDT sebelumnya dan riwayat tidak diimunisasi BCG menjadi faktor-faktor yang potensial.

Kata kunci: reaksi,  kusta, papua
STUDI ETNOFARMAKOLOGI TANAMAN OBAT UNTUK PENYAKIT UROLITHIASIS DI SUMATERA INDONESIA
Authors: Nisa Ulfatun
Published: December 2019

Tingginya insiden penyakit batu saluran kemih di Sumatera mendorong perkembangan tanaman obat sebagai antiurolithiasis. Beberapa tanaman obat dapat digunakan untuk mengobati sakit pinggang yang disertai disertai gangguan saluran kemih. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk mengumpulkan data tanaman obat yang dipraktekkan oleh pengobat tradisional (batra) untuk urolitiasis di Sumatera dan mengevaluasi khasiat dan keamanannya melalui tinjauan pustaka. Penelitian ini merupakan studi deskriptif cross sectional yang termasuk identifikasi tanaman dan tinjauan pustaka dalam  menilai khasiat dan keamanan tanaman. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa 69 spesies termasuk dalam 34 famili digunakan untuk urolitiasis oleh pengobat tradisional di Sumatera. Famili Zingiberaceae adalah yang paling banyak digunakan oleh pengobat tradisional. Orthosiphon aristatus (Bl.) Miq, Sericocalyx crispus (L.) Bremek dan Imperata cylindrica (L.) Raeusch adalah spesies tanaman yang paling sering digunakan dalam pengobatan batu ginjal. Bagian yang paling banyak digunakan oleh batra adalah daun dan kulit kayu. Melalui tinjauan pustaka menjelaskan bahwa tanaman tersebut memiliki efek farmakologis untuk urolitiasis dan aman digunakan.
Sinergia en la formulación de un problema de investigación.Camino a una mirada interdisciplinar
Authors: Aurelia Minnaard Vivian
Published: December 2019

La búsqueda deactividades que promuevan el trabajo colaborativo en alumnosde la cátedra de Metodología de la Investigación de la Universidad Fraternidad de Agrupaciones Santo Tomás de Aquino dela ciudad de Mar del Plata, Argentina, es un desafío permanente. Por lo que se propone como objetivo analizarel uso deestrategias y recursos seleccionados por la titular de dicho curso en las cuatro carrerasdela Facultad de Ciencias Médicaspara que los alumnosformulen un problema de investigación deforma interdisciplinariay colaborativa en el período agosto-octubre 2018.

            Esta es una investigación descriptiva, longitudinal, con una muestra seleccionada deforma no probabilística, por conveniencia, de193 alumnos pertenecientes a las carreras de Medicina, Kinesiología, Nutrición y Fonoaudiologíaque cursan la materia Metodología de la Investigación. Para alcanzar lo propuesto los alumnos participaron en una serie de actividades que favorecen el pasaje de la mirada disciplinar a la interdisciplinar en el abordaje de la temática “Tuberculosis”, conla gesta de un problema de investigacióncomo resultado del proceso realizado. El tránsito que realizan los alumnos al pasar de una fase a otra queda plasmado en la tela de araña, estrategia implementada desde un documento compartido que permite que los estudiantes trabajen en forma asincrónica colaborativamente, y que sean monitoreados por la docente. Esto permite también visibilizarlas entregas,los avances, los intercambios y acuerdos realizados en los grupos de trabajo.

            La fluidez con que se mueve el conocimiento científico actualmente requiere una permanente revisión de prácticas que favorezcan la enseñanza y aprendizaje de los diversos contenidosque se deben desarrollar en una cátedra universitaria. El elaborar un problema de investigación es uno de los pasos claves. Todo paciente debe ser atendido de forma integral y esto exige un entrenamiento en el trabajo interdisciplinario por parte de quienes cursan carreras en ciencias médicas.
NO DIA MAIS CLARO, NA NOITE MAIS DENSA: mito e religião nos quadrinhos do Lanterna Verde
Authors: Cazelli Felipe Ribeiro
Published: December 2019

A experiência do sagrado se dá por meio de símbolos e o impacto deles na consciência, transformando a forma como o indivíduo percebe e atua sobre o mundo. O símbolo, quando se estrutura em modalidade narrativa, dá origem aos mitos. Os mitos cumprem importantes funções nas vivências subjetivas, sendo a atribuição de sentido à existência humana a maior delas. O Lanterna Verde é membro de uma tropa, que lhe confia um anel de poder, ensinando-o a se utilizar de sua capacidade de imaginação e sua força de vontade, para lutar contra as ações das trevas. O anel é um tema recorrente na mitologia – como o Anel de Nibelungo e o anel de Giges em Platão – e na literatura e cultura pop, como a saga d’O Senhor dos Anéis. Remete diretamente ao simbolismo do círculo, que faz referência ao arquétipo do Self. Desta forma, o objeto de estudo deste artigo é, especificamente, o arco intitulado “Origem Secreta”, do mito do Lanterna Verde, que se insere na perspectiva dos Mitos de Anéis e ensina lições sobre poder, imaginação, criatividade, responsabilidade e superação do medo, através da repetição ritualística de uma espécie de “oração”, utilizada para “reenergizar” o anel, constituindo um discurso religioso.