bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Geoscientists Around the Globe
Authors:   SEG JEDI Committee
Published: September 2023

Coordinated by members of SEG's Justice, Equity, Diversity, and Inclusion (JEDI) Committee, TLE's Geoscientists Around the Globe department features geoscientists from technically, geographically, and culturally diverse backgrounds. In this inaugural installment, JEDI Committee Chair Lillian Flakes interviews Kelsey Bufford, environmental programs manager for the Oklahoma Department of Environmental Quality.
A Place Called Home: A Queer Political Economy of Mexican Immigrant Men's Family Experiences
Authors: Cantú Lionel
Published: September 2023

Through ethnography, Lionel Cantú explores the ways sexuality has impacted the experience of immigrant men. He sheds light on how traditional family and chosen family relationships shape and influence migration. Cantú argues for the centrality of a queer political economy in order to unveil how sexuality shaped processes and strategies of migration for queer men.
Regions of Refuge in the United States: Issues, Problems, and Concerns for the Future of Mexican-Origin Populations in the United States
Authors: Vélez-Ibáñez Carlos G.
Published: September 2023

This chapter offers up the conceptual heuristic of “regions of refuge” as a cross-border means of understanding the complex and dynamic processes responsible for the great growth and emergence of Mexican-origin populations in the United States. Such processes are transnational, national, and regional, but at their center are economic issues of production and labor that have their genesis in the nineteenth century and will continue to be important.
The Art of Witness
Authors: Fregoso Rosa-Linda
Published: September 2023

Rosa-Linda Fregoso’s impressionistic essay draws on her memories, notes, and reflections of her years of work as cultural worker and witness of the femicides that plagued Ciudad Juarez, Chihuahua, Mexico.
Introduction
Authors: Kasmani Omar
Published: September 2023

What does it mean to imagine Pakistan in queer terms? How, under conditions of straightness, can desire be a mode of queer future making? What shapes might a conversation on queerness take in Pakistan? These are some of the questions that animate the introduction. With cross-cutting interests in affects of language, location, and histories, the introduction invites reflection on what meanings adhere to queer in Pakistan or what might it mean to speak from here—a *stan—where here stands in for places rendered elsewheres to queer thinking. In discussing the various chapters of the book, it illustrates how desire emerges and transacts, turns abundant and acquires political charge through queer-affective forms in writing, art, image, sex, religious belonging and political participation in the context of Pakistan.
Of Girls, Desire, and Sacred Things
Authors: Masood Syeda Momina
Published: September 2023

This chapter thinks about desire and female intimacies through their sacred affects, their illegibility and incoherence, and through the pleasures and violence which become bonds between queer women in Pakistan. In this creative non-fiction essay, I think of queerness along intersections of class, language, religion, and locality. By doing so, I explore the moments of failure to define the desires and intimacies among women which escape stable meanings and identities. Furthermore, in imagining queer lives and elsewheres in Pakistan, this essay offers a queer mode of telling, and an exercise in form and method through which queer desires in Pakistan can be (re-)thought.
Fixed Possibilities
Authors: Khan Pasha M.
Published: September 2023

Agar's Tale is a nineteenth-century Urdu qissah that recounts the adventures of Agar, a prince who was born as a girl. From a modern queer/trans liberatory standpoint, the pervasive queerness of this story appears warrant a celebratory reading. However, this reading of Agar's Tale takes a deidealized approach based on the work of Kadji Amin. It demonstrates how transmisogyny and the reproductive imperative work in the tale to contain Agar's dangerous fluid masculinity. The reading fixes on the workings of “fixing” (sābit honā) in the qissah and shows how Agar is reduced to a singular gender, and spatially contained in the tale. Finally, the chapter argues that while a thoroughly deidealized reading is necessary to begin with, the counterfactual mode of the tale opens it up to be grasped as an ancestral representation for queer and trans people in the present.
This Is Home after All
Authors: Quraishi Nael
Published: September 2023

This photo essay is comprised of a series of black and white photographic collages. The images combine window frames and landscapes from various personal and home-like places. A fluid combination of reality and imaginary that exist both in the past present and future. A constant collision of geographies dotted with the daily mundaneness of life exploring the ideas that the mind re-creates. It reveals perhaps the most realistic version of what ones displaced home looks like.
On the Other Side of the Rainbow?
Authors: Pamment Claire
Published: September 2023

This chapter follows khwaja sira-trans engagements with the transnational Islamic missionary Tablighi Jamaʿat, which has risen in visibility alongside Pakistan's transgender rights movements (2009-) entailing repentance on the NGO-madrassa circuit, through to couplings of preaching and dancing. Foregrounding tablighi khwaja sira embodied navigations through the shifting scripts of religious reform and liberal-secular rights, the author shows that khwaja sira people are finding a multiplicity of pious, political and/or aesthetic possibilities through their tablighi affiliations. While these movements have sometimes been disparaged variously by religious and secular adherents, the chapter invites us to consider a broad spectrum of khwaja sira pious agencies, desires and doings that signal elsewheres to thinking religiously and queerly.
A Queer History of Pakistani Art
Authors: Qureshi Abdullah
Published: September 2023

Thinking with the notion of queerness elsewhere, this chapter examines the work of Pakistani artist Anwar Saeed's work. Born in 1956, over the last four decades, Saeed has been exploring homoerotic subject matter, in particular, same-sex desire and its intersections with the socio-political and the spiritual from Pakistani and South Asian perspectives. Following Saeed's artistic trajectory, aesthetics, and oeuvre, the chapter proposes to expand the ways in which we theoretically understand and read queer frameworks within contemporary art and so doing, trouble the existing dominant discourse and field thereof.
Perioperative Outcomes in Transcarotid Artery Revascularization Versus Carotid Endarterectomy or Stenting Nationwide
Authors: Ramsay Ian A. , Burks Joshua D. , Lu Victor M. , Silva Michael , Abdelsalam Ahmed , Starke Robert M. , Luther Evan
Published: September 2023

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES:

Transcarotid artery revascularization (TCAR) is a newer treatment for carotid stenosis where the carotid artery is accessed directly in the neck for stenting. It is less invasive than carotid endarterectomy (CEA) and has less embolic potential than carotid artery stenting (CAS), but population-level utilization of TCAR and outcomes are currently unknown. Our study compares outcomes of TCAR with those of CEA and CAS.

METHODS:

The National Inpatient Database was used for years 2015 to 2019. A multivariate logistic regression model was used to compare CEA, CAS, and TCAR outcomes with age, sex, race, hospital teaching status, symptomatic carotid disease status, side of procedure, intraoperative monitoring, and the weighted Elixhauser comorbidity score as covariates.

RESULTS:

TCAR comprised 0.69% of these procedures in 2016, rising to 1.35% in 2019. The inpatient rates of death, stroke, and myocardial infarction for TCAR were 0.63% (95% confidence interval: 0.36%, 1.06%), 0.42% (0.21%, 0.80%), and 1.46% (1.04%, 2.05%), respectively. Compared with CEA, TCAR had statistically insignificant difference odds of death, odds ratio (95% CI) for stroke was 0.47 (0.25, 0.87), and for myocardial infarction, it was 0.66 (0.37, 0.94). Compared with CAS, for TCAR, the odds ratio for death was 0.41 (0.24, 0.71), and for stroke, it was 0.48 (0.26, 0.91).

CONCLUSION:

TCAR is underutilized relative to other revascularization techniques yet has favorable outcomes compared with CEA and CAS. TCAR may be preferred to CAS in patients not surgical candidates for CEA and has a less invasive possibility for those eligible for CEA.
Pilot Analysis of Surgeon Instrument Utilization Signatures Based on Shannon Entropy and Deep Learning for Surgeon Performance Assessment in a Cadaveric Carotid Artery Injury Control Simulation
Authors: Balu Alan , Pangal Dhiraj J. , Kugener Guillaume , Donoho Daniel A.
Published: September 2023

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES:

Assessment and feedback are critical to surgical education, but direct observational feedback by experts is rarely provided because of time constraints and is typically only qualitative. Automated, video-based, quantitative feedback on surgical performance could address this gap, improving surgical training. The authors aim to demonstrate the ability of Shannon entropy (ShEn), an information theory metric that quantifies series diversity, to predict surgical performance using instrument detections generated through deep learning.

METHODS:

Annotated images from a publicly available video data set of surgeons managing endoscopic endonasal carotid artery lacerations in a perfused cadaveric simulator were collected. A deep learning model was implemented to detect surgical instruments across video frames. ShEn score for the instrument sequence was calculated from each surgical trial. Logistic regression using ShEn was used to predict hemorrhage control success.

RESULTS:

ShEn scores and instrument usage patterns differed between successful and unsuccessful trials (ShEn: 0.452 vs 0.370, P < .001). Unsuccessful hemorrhage control trials displayed lower entropy and less varied instrument use patterns. By contrast, successful trials demonstrated higher entropy with more diverse instrument usage and consistent progression in instrument utilization. A logistic regression model using ShEn scores (78% accuracy and 97% average precision) was at least as accurate as surgeons' attending/resident status and years of experience for predicting trial success and had similar accuracy as expert human observers.

CONCLUSION:

ShEn score offers a summative signal about surgeon performance and predicted success at controlling carotid hemorrhage in a simulated cadaveric setting. Future efforts to generalize ShEn to additional surgical scenarios can further validate this metric.
NMR Studies on the Structure and Functions of Small Biomolecules with Highly Flexible Conformation
Authors: Murata Michio , Umegawa Yuichi , Hanashima Shinya
Published: September 2023

In this review, we deal with the flexible structures of small biomolecules and discuss how spontaneous conformational changes are related to their biological functions, mainly focusing on our recent research results. In particular, we applied nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR)-based methods to biomolecules that largely comprise methylene-dominant chain(s) by observing spin-spin coupling constants in solution NMR and quadrupolar interactions and chemical shift anisotropy in solid-state NMR. In the study of spermidine and spermine, we investigated how the shape of a molecule changes when the ammonium groups interact with polyanions such as ATP. In membrane lipid studies, we examined the orientation and conformation of the choline phosphate moiety in the hydrophilic head group of membrane lipid molecules, and the average structure and fluctuations of the fatty acids, which were mainly alkane chains in the hydrophobic part. In these structural studies, the goal was not to determine the predominant conformation of biomolecules, but to elucidate the average conformation of multiple conformers that were interchanging at high speed. We used physicochemical parameters to describe the changes in the average structure of lipid in membranes. Computational methods were adopted to estimate the structural changes in molecules, but experimental results are still important to judge the reliability of the calculation results. Through these studies, we discuss how the flexibility of biomolecules is involved in the expression of biological function.
Polarized Fluorescence of N-Salicylideneaniline Derivatives by Direct Exchange from Photoaligned N-Benzylideneaniline Side Groups in Liquid Crystalline Polymeric Films
Authors: Tanaka Mizuki , Yamaguchi Hinano , Kondo Mizuho , Sakamoto Moritsugu , Sasaki Tomoyuki , Ono Hiroshi , Kawatsuki Nobuhiro
Published: September 2023

Photoalignment of liquid crystalline polymer with N-benzylideneaniline (NBA) side groups and subsequent in situ exchange achieves polarized fluorescence of oriented N-salicylideneaniline (SA) derivatives. In situ hydrolysis of NBA and condensation with 2-hydroxybenzaldehyde derivatives form oriented SA side groups. SA exhibits excited state intramolecular proton transfer (ESIPT), inducing polarized fluorescence with a 2.3 polarization ratio. The emissive wavelength depends on the 2-hydroxybenzaldehyde derivative. Stepwise formation of different oriented SA side groups allows for color tuning of the oriented film.
Η εφαρμογή της θεωρίας του Αυτοκαθορισμού σε άτομα τρίτης ηλικίας για συμμετοχή στην άσκηση
Authors: Καπράλου Αθανασία
Published: September 2023

Παρά τα ψυχολογικά και σωματικά οφέλη, που συνδέονται με τη συμμετοχή των ατόμων τρίτης ηλικίας σε τακτική σωματική άσκηση, τα άτομα δεν υιοθετούν θετική συμπεριφορά προς την άσκηση, για το λόγο αυτό γίνεται εμφανής η ανάγκη για αποτελεσματικές παρεμβάσεις ώστε να αντιστραφούν αυτές οι τάσεις. Η παρούσα έρευνα αποτελείται από δύο μελέτες. Σκοπός της πρώτης μελέτης ήταν να εξετάσει τις ψυχομετρικές ιδιότητες του Ερωτηματολογίου Ρύθμισης της Συμπεριφοράς στην Άσκηση-2 (Behavioural Regulation in Exercise Questionnaire-2: Moustaka, Vlachopoulos, Vazou, Kaperoni, & Markland, 2010) και της Κλίμακας των Βασικών Ψυχολογικών Αναγκών στην Άσκηση (Basic Psychological Needs in Exercise Scale: Vlachopoulos & Michailidou, 2006) σε ασκούμενους τρίτης ηλικίας. Σκοπός της δεύτερης μελέτης ήταν η πρόγνωση της εβδομαδιαίας συχνότητας άσκησης και της ζωντάνιας από τις μεταβλητές της θεωρίας του αυτο-καθορισμού. Στην πρώτη μελέτη συμμετείχαν 445 ασκούμενοι (110 άνδρες & 335 γυναίκες) ηλικίας από 64 έως 81 ετών (70.6 ± 4.53), στη δεύτερη μελέτη συμμετείχαν 458 ασκούμενοι (127 άνδρες & 331 γυναίκες) ηλικίας από 64 έως 81 ετών (70.6 ± 4.53), οι οποίοι ασκούνταν σε ατομικές δραστηριότητες ή ομαδικά προγράμματα άσκησης κλειστού χώρου. Τα εργαλεία μέτρησης που χρησιμοποιήθηκαν ήταν: α) Behavioural Regulation in Exercise Questionnaire-2 (Moustaka et al., 2010), β) Basic Psychological Needs in Exercise Scale (Vlachopoulos & Michailidou, 2006), γ) Health Care Climate Questionnaire (Moustaka et al., 2010), δ) Subjective Vitality Scale (Vlachopoulos & Karavani, 2009) και ε) Godin Leisure Time Exercise Questionnaire (Moustaka et al., 2010). Από τα αποτελέσματα των επιβεβαιωτικών παραγοντικών αναλύσεων υποστηρίχτηκαν οι ψυχομετρικές ιδιότητες των εργαλείων μέτρησης BREQ-2 και BPNES. Η ανάλυση αξιοπιστίας έδειξε ότι οι δείκτες εσωτερικής συνοχής των παραγόντων των δύο ερωτηματολογίων κυμάνθηκαν σε ικανοποιητικά επίπεδα (Cronbach’s alpha από .72 έως .94). Επιπλέον, υποστηρίχτηκε η νομολογική εγκυρότητα των τιμών του BREQ-2 και του BPNES. Από τα αποτελέσματα των αναλύσεων παλινδρόμησης υποστηρίχτηκαν σε μεγάλο βαθμό οι προβλέψεις της θεωρίας του αυτο-καθορισμού σχετικά με την άσκηση και τη ζωντάνια μεταξύ ασκούμενων τρίτης ηλικίας. Τα ευρήματα αυτά πιστοποιούν τη δυνατότητα χρήσης των συγκεκριμένων εργαλείων μέτρησης σε άτομα τρίτης ηλικίας και προσφέρουν στους υπεύθυνους εκγύμνασης πληροφορίες προκειμένου να σχεδιάσουν την προπόνησή τους κατάλληλα ώστε τα άτομα τρίτης ηλικίας να υιοθετήσουν τακτική και μακροπρόθεσμη συμμετοχή στην άσκηση.
Expression of Fascin and SALL4 in odontogenic cysts and tumors: an immunohistochemical appraisal.
Authors: Kulkarni Spoorti , Alampally Harishanker , Guddattu Vasudev , Rodrigues Gabriel , Carnelio Sunitha
Published: September 2023

Background: Various stemness markers (SOX2, OCT4, and NANOG) have been studied in odontogenic cysts and tumors. However, studies on SALL4 having similar properties of stemness has not been documented. Additionally, insight into fascin as a migratory molecule is less explored. Following a thorough literature search we hypothesize that fascin might contribute for the local migratory behaviour of the odontogenic epithelial cells in tumors and cysts while SALL4 may contribute to stemness property. Thus, the aim of the present study was to evaluate the expression of fascin and SALL4 in histopathological variants of Ameloblastoma, Adenomatoid Odontogenic Tumor (AOT) and various odontogenic cysts namely Odontogenic keratocyst (OKC), Dentigerous cyst (DC), Radicular cyst (RC), and Calcifying odontogenic cyst (COC).

Methods: Semi-quantitative analysis of fascin and SALL4 immuno-positive cells was  evaluated in a total of 40 cases of ameloblastoma (11 plexiform, 12 follicular, 12 unicystic, and 5 desmoplastic) variants, 6 cases of AOT, 15 cases each of OKC, DC, RC and 5 of COC. Chi-square test was applied to evaluate the association between SALL4 and fascin expression in odontogenic cysts and tumors.

Results: Fascin immunopositivity was observed in peripheral ameloblast-like cells, and the expression was weak or absent in stellate reticulum-like cells. A moderate to weak immune-reactivity to SALL4 was observed in the cytoplasm of ameloblastoma, epithelial cells of  DC and  RC having a marked inflammatory infiltrate, which was an interesting observation. COC and AOT had negative to weak expressions.

Conclusion: Expression of fascin in ameloblastomas elucidate their role in motility and localized invasion. Its expression in less aggressive lesions like DC, COC, AOT will incite to explore the other functional properties of fascin. SALL4 expression in the cytoplasm of odontogenic cysts and tumors may represent inactive or mutant forms which requires further validation.
Impact of coenzyme Q10 as an adjuvant therapy to letrozole on spermiogram results and sex hormone levels in Iraqi men with infertility; randomized open label comparative study
Authors: Fadhil Essa Bahauldeen , Mohammed ‎ Mohammed Mahmood , Alkawaz Ula M.
Published: September 2023

Background: Worldwide, infertility affects about 15% of reproductive-age couples. In many cases, infertility can't be treated, however new treatment options with promising value have been involved in recent clinical trials. The aim of this clinical trial was to evaluate the impacts of adding coenzyme Q10 (CoQ10) to letrozole on the results of spermiogram and sex hormone tests in men diagnosed with idiopathic oligoasthenoteratozoospermia (iOAT) syndrome, which is a type of male defective spermatogenesis of unknown etiology.

Methods: This randomized, open-label, parallel two-arm interventional study included 67 adult male patients aged 18-60 years with a confirmed diagnosis of iOAT syndrome recruited from The High Institute for Infertility Diagnosis & Assisted Reproduction Technologies/Nahrain University. Patients were randomly separated into two groups, Group A included 29 patients treated with letrozole 2.5 mg tablet orally twice a week, Group B included 38 patients treated with a combination of letrozole 2.5 mg tablet orally twice a week plus CoQ10 400 mg per day. Both groups completed treatment for three months. Semen samples, serum follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH), estradiol (E2), and testosterone (T) were analyzed at day one, and at the end of month one, two and three.

Results: Both groups showed that sperm concentration, normal morphology, total sperm count and motility, serum testosterone and FSH levels, and T/E2 ratio were significantly increased, while estradiol levels significantly decreased after three months of treatment. Seminal fluid volume changed significantly in group A only. In comparing between the two groups, all measured parameters, apart from sperm motility and FSH level, demonstrated a significant difference after three months of treatment, while sperm volume reached significant value after only two months of therapy.

Conclusions: CoQ10 as adjuvant treatment to letrozole effectively improved most of the tested sperm parameters in Iraqi men with iOAT.

Registration: ClinicalTrials.gov (NCT05847257, May 6, 2023).
Economic effects of the war in Ukraine and recession
Authors: korriku belisa , TARTARAJ AZETA
Published: September 2023

Background: The current situation from economic effects of war, as political uncertainty, geographic proximity,and the impact of new sanctions against Russia,has led to negative reactions in European stock markets.Previous research has shown that economic crises can have significant impacts on consumer financial behaviors and attitudes.

Methods:The purpose of the study was to examine how consumer attitudes and behaviors change during periods of recession and to identify the implications for financial education and management during challenging economic times.Demographic data and financial management behavior data were collected from a sample 428 respondents.By examining consumer attitudes and behaviors during a recession,this study can provide insights into how financial education and management can be improved to support consumers during challenging economic times.A survey was conducted to investigate the financial attitudes and behaviors of individuals during a recessionary period from January 15th to February 28th,2023 and included questions about age, financial education level,savings behavior,attitudes towards debt,gender and financial management behavior,age and financial education, and income and savings behavior.Data were analyzed using t-tests and ANOVA. 

Results:Participants with higher income levels had higher levels of savings and investing behaviors than those with lower income levels. Participants with a higher level of formal education in finance had higher levels of budgeting and investing behaviors than those with a lower level of formal education in finance. Participants who reported higher levels of self-rated financial knowledge had higher levels of all financial management behaviors compared to those with lower self-rated financial knowledge. 

Conclusions:The findings suggest that financial education and management programs should target individuals with lower income levels and less formal education in finance. Promoting self-rated financial knowledge may be a useful strategy for improving financial management behaviors. Future research could explore the effectiveness of different financial education and management programs on improving financial attitudes and behaviors during recessionary periods.
Study on awareness of health insurance among the adult population of rural areas in the Wardha district of Maharashtra: a protocol
Authors: Bhoi Sudha Rani , Nagtode Nikhilesh
Published: September 2023

Introduction: Globally, the foundation of health insurance is substantial. However, the Indian health insurance sector lags. Only 14.1% of the rural population is covered by health insurance. That is, 85.9% of individuals in rural India still lack any form of health expenditure coverage and are unaware and thus are uninsured. Despite all the efforts made by the health system to assist the Indian population with supporting their healthcare finances, the public is unable to use these services simply because they are unaware of them. Individuals without health insurance will experience impoverishment due to health-related problems. Increased health insurance awareness can also be an indicator of universal health coverage. The objective is to study rural community individuals' awareness, perception, and utilisation of health insurance and to determine the association between sociodemographic variables and awareness of health insurance.

Methods: The study will be a community based cross-sectional and observational study design in the Wardha district of Maharashtra from September 2023. Individuals within the region who are over 18 and at home during the visit will be included in the study. Individuals under the age requirement, and any empty households during the visits will be excluded. A pre-designed and semi structured questionnaire will be used. House-to-house visits will be done and information will be obtained by interviews. SPSS 24.0 software will be used for the data analysis. Variables included are name, age, sex, type of family, occupation, and knowledge of health insurance.

Conclusions: The results of this study will involve an assessment of the participant’s awareness, perception, and utilisation of health insurance, and the association between socio demographic variables and awareness of health insurance. Descriptive statistics like frequency and percentages will be calculated. Chi-square test will be used for association between variables.
'It’s become a theatre’: relational experiences of family carers and people with Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) after cognitive impairment emerges
Authors: Oseland Marit Sofie , Sveen Unni , Taule Tina
Published: September 2023

Background:  Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) can lead to emotional and psychological distress between patients and their family carers. Many people with ALS develop cognitive impairment, which limits their ability to process complex information, interact, and communicate. This cognitive decline adds to caregiver burden. Few studies have explored interpersonal relations between people with ALS and their carers.

Aim:  To better understand how ALS-associated cognitive impairment influences close relations.

Methods:  Individual semi-structured in-depth, interviews were conducted once, with four patients and four family carers. Thematic analysis was used.

Results:  Increased distance of close relations was identified as the core theme. Differences and similarities within the data were identified according to the subthemes, (1) Everyday life together but apart: a demanding role to play, and (2) Coping with a lost future: living in the ‘normal’ present and searching for hope through a well-lived life.

Conclusions and significance:  Cognitive impairment following ALS can lead to increased relational distance between patients and their family carers. To ease their burden, professionals should recognize patients’ and carers’ relational issues and grief at an early stage. Focusing on their occupational identity and highly valued occupations that are still-accessible may help patients and carers regain meaning in everyday life.
Food consumption and adherence to dietary guidelines among Jordanian children and adolescents
Authors: Alkhatib Buthaina , Al Hourani Huda , Al-Shami Islam K. , Al-Jawaldeh Ayoub
Published: September 2023

Background: To evaluate the energy and macronutrient intake of Jordanian children and adolescents, and how closely they adhere to dietary recommendations.

Methods: This cross-sectional study used data from Jordan's Population-based Food Consumption Survey, a household population-based study that was conducted in Jordan between 2021-2022  (561 children and adolescents 8-19 years). Dietary intake was assessed using the two non-consecutive 24-hour dietary recall method (24-h DR). The estimated food group and nutrient intakes were compared to nutritional recommendations, including MyPlate dietary guidelines.

Results: The prevalence of overweight/obese individuals based on body mass index (BMI) was 44%, and the average waist-to-height ratio (WHtR) was 24.7%. Compared to MyPlate dietary guidelines, children and adolescents had a higher added sugar intake (57g/day). Also, the consumption of vegetables, fruits, and dairy fell short of MyPlate dietary guidelines. The total discretionary calorie intake in children and adolescents was approximately one-third of the total energy intake.

Conclusion: The food consumption of Jordanian children and adolescents includes high intakes of discretionary calories, with a low intake of fruits, vegetables, and dairy products. The prevalence of overweight/obesity was elevated compared to international norms.
Methylation risk score in peripheral blood predictive of conversion from mild cognitive impairment to Alzheimer's Disease
Authors: Morrow Jarrett D.
Published: September 2023

Background: Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is a neurodegenerative and heterogeneous disorder with complex etiology. Mild cognitive impairment (MCI) may represent an intermediate stage of AD, and the ability to identify MCI patients at greater risk of conversion to AD could guide personalized treatments. This study sought to develop a methylation risk score predictive of conversion from MCI to AD using publicly available blood DNA methylation (DNAm) data.

Methods: Using blood DNA methylation data from an epigenome-wide association study of AD that included 111 subjects with MCI, a methylation risk score of MCI conversion was created using an elastic-net framework. The elastic-net model was trained with a high-variance subset of the DNAm data, age and sex as predictors.

Results: The final model included four CpG sites: PNCK (cg01231576), SLC6A3 (cg09892121), and TRIM62 (cg25342005), with a fourth (cg17292662) near the genes ATP6V1H and RGS20. A significant difference (p < 0.0001, t-test) was observed in the scores for MCI stable subjects compared with MCI converters. No statistically significant difference was observed between AD subjects and controls, suggesting specificity of the risk score for susceptibility to conversion.

Conclusions: The ability to identify MCI patients at greater risk of progression could inform early interventions and is a critical component in mitigation strategies for AD. This study provides insight into a potential role for epigenetics in the development of a multi-omic risk score of conversion.
Experience and perceptions of Social Prescribing interventions; a qualitative study with people with long-term conditions, link workers and health care providers
Authors: O'Sullivan Declan J. , Bearne Lindsay M. , Harrington Janas M. , McVeigh Joseph G.
Published: September 2023

Background

Long-term conditions (LTC) are a leading cause of reduced quality of life and early mortality. People with LTC are living longer with increasing economic and social needs.  Novel patient centred care pathways are required to support traditional medical management of these patients.  Social Prescribing (SP) has gained popularity as a non-medical approach to support patients with LTC and their unmet health needs.  The current focus group study aims to explore the experiences and perceptions to SP interventions from the perspective of people with long-term conditions, link workers, healthcare providers and community-based services.

Methods

Six-eight participants will be recruited into three specific 60-minute focus groups relative to their role as a patient, link worker and community-based service.  Eight-12 participants with a Health care provider and GP background will be interviewed individually online. The participants within these focus groups and semi-structured interviews will be invited to provide opinions on what factors they think are important to the successful implementation of a SP service from their respective stakeholder positions.  The data will be recorded and exported to NVivo software for further analysis using Thematic Reflexive analysis methods.  Coded categorical data will inform emerging themes from which a narrative summary will be consolidated and presented for dissemination.

Conclusion

The conclusions made from this study will help inform the next study, which will aim to develop a pilot SP service for patients with LTC, as part of an overall larger project.
Menstrual cycle features in mothers and daughters in the Avon Longitudinal Study of Parents and Children (ALSPAC)
Authors: Sawyer Gemma , Howe Laura D. , Fraser Abigail , Clayton Gemma , Lawlor Deborah A. , Sharp Gemma C.
Published: September 2023

Problematic menstrual cycle features, including irregular periods, severe pain, heavy bleeding, absence of periods, frequent or infrequent cycles, and premenstrual symptoms, are experienced by high proportions of females and can have substantial impacts on their health and well-being. However, research aimed at identifying causes and risk factors associated with such menstrual cycle features is sparse and limited. This data note describes prospective, longitudinal data collected in the Avon Longitudinal Study of Parents and Children (ALSPAC) on menstrual cycle features, which can be utilised to address the research gaps in this area. Data were collected in both mothers (G0) and index daughters (G1) across 21 and 20 timepoints respectively. This data note details all available variables, proposes methods to derive comparable variables across data collection timepoints, and discusses important limitations specific to each menstrual cycle feature. Also, the data note identifies broader issues for researchers to consider when utilising the menstrual cycle feature data, such as hormonal contraception, pregnancy, breastfeeding, and menopause, as well as missing data and misclassification.
The genome sequence of the Grey-backed Snout-hoverfly, Rhingia rostrata (Linnaeus, 1758)
Authors: Crowley Liam M. , Poole Oliver , Wotton Karl R ,   University of Oxford and Wytham Woods Genome Acquisition Lab,   Natural History Museum Genome Acquisition Lab,   Darwin Tree of Life Barcoding collective,   Wellcome Sanger Institute Tree of Life programme,   Wellcome Sanger Institute Scientific Operations: DNA Pipelines collective,   Tree of Life Core Informatics collective,   Darwin Tree of Life Consortium
Published: September 2023

We present a genome assembly from an individual male Rhingia rostrata (the Grey-backed Snout-hoverfly; Arthropoda; Insecta; Diptera; Syrphidae). The genome sequence is 650.1 megabases in span. Most of the assembly is scaffolded into 5 chromosomal pseudomolecules, including the X sex chromosome. The mitochondrial genome has also been assembled and is 18.55 kilobases in length.
Factores psicosociales y sociodemográficos asociados con el desgaste profesional en médicos residentes de Sonora (México)
Authors: Rodríguez-Aguirre Carlos Antonio , García-Flores Raquel , Sotelo-Castillo Mirsha Alicia , Meza-Peña Cecilia
Published: September 2023

Introducción: la simultaneidad de actividades entre las exigencias académicas y el adiestramiento médico durante las residencias provoca un elevado riesgo de desarrollar un desgaste profesional (o síndorme de burnout [sb]) en los médicos residentes. El objetivo fue identificar los factores psicosociales y sociodemográficos asociados al sb en médicos residentes. Materiales y métodos: estudio transversal y correlacional. Participaron 47 médicos residentes de un hospital público. Se aplicaron la Escala de Desgaste Ocupacional (edo), el Inventario Multifásico de la Personalidad Minnesota-2 Forma Reestructurada (mmpi2-rf) y un cuestionario sociodemográfico. Los datos se analizaron mediante la prueba de correlación no paramétrica de Spearman. Resultados: el 25.6 % de los participantes mostró burnout alto, y el 51 %, un agotamiento emocional alto. Respecto a los factores de personalidad y sociodemográficos asociados, solo mostraron relación significativa (p < 0.05) la escala de impulsividad (r = 0.341, p = 0.019) y las horas de ejercicio en la semana (r = −0.414, p = 0.004). Al segmentar por sexo, solo en los hombres del estudio existió una relación entre sb y psicoticismo (r = 0.468, p = 0.018), la disminución de la actividad física (r = −0.620, p = 0.001) y primeros años de residencia (r = −0.396, p = 0.050). Conclusiones: el alto agotamiento emocional de los residentes está asociado con problemas en el manejo de impulsos, distorsiones de la realidad (debido al psicoticismo), pertenecer a los primeros años de residencia y falta de ejercicio físico. Se requiere especial atención a la salud física y mental de[...]
Factores asociados al desarrollo de delírium en pacientes ancianos en el postoperatorio de cirugía por fractura de cadera
Authors: Marin-Ardila Paula , Márquez Isabel Cristina , Cano-Gutierrez Carlos , Chavarro-Carvajal Diego
Published: September 2023

Introducción: durante el postoperatorio por cirugía de cadera, el delírium es la complicación más frecuente en los pacientes ancianos, con una alta incidencia y prevalencia, la cual lleva a una alta morbimortalidad en ellos. Objetivo: identificar los factores asociados con delírium en pacientes ancianos durante su postoperatorio de cirugía por fractura de cadera. Materiales y métodos: se realizó un estudio observacional analítico de corte retrospectivo con pacientes hospitalizados por el grupo de Ortogeriatría en el Hospital Universitario San Ignacio en Bogotá (Colombia), entre enero de 2017 y septiembre de 2020. Resultados: se incluyeron 210 personas, en quienes se documentó una incidencia de delírium del 28.57 %. En el análisis bivariado, las variables con asociación estadísticamente significativa fueron edad, dependencia, demencia previa, malnutrición, polifarmacia y tipo de anestesia. Sin embargo, en el análisis multivariado, las dos variables con asociación estadísticamente significativa fueron edad (or: 1.05; ic95 %: 1.01-1.10; p = 0.014) y demencia (or: 2.83; ic95 %: 1.28-6.27; p = 0.010). Conclusión: las variables asociadas con delírium reportadas en el estudio concuerdan con la literatura ya publicada. Esto abre las puertas a futuras investigaciones no solo para identificar nuevos o más factores asociados, sino también para adoptar medidas en conjunto con los programas de ortogeriatría, a fin de intervenir estos factores y, de esta manera, poder disminuir la incidencia y prevalencia del delírium y, por ende, su morbimortalidad.
Tratamiento quirúrgico conservador como primera línea de manejo del queratoquiste
Authors: Urbano del Valle Samuel Enrique , Giraldo Rendón Leidy , Córdoba Mosquera Jarlinson , Tovio Martínez Eilien Gisek
Published: September 2023

Introducción: el queratoquiste hace parte de los quistes odontogénicos del desarrollo, derivado de los residuos de la lámina dental con un comportamiento biológico similar al de una neoplasia benigna. Presenta un alto grado de recidiva y agresividad, con lo que ocasiona una destrucción ósea masiva. Puede aparecer en cualquier zona de los maxilares y estar relacionado con dientes retenidos. Imagenológicamente, presenta una lesión radiolúcida multilocular o poliquística, que muestra un borde cortical delgado. Objetivos: demostrar la importancia de un diagnóstico correcto, una detección temprana y acertada, así como inferir la necesidad de utilizar la solución de Carnoy como primera línea de tratamiento, y determinar el momento oportuno para hacerlo. Presentación de caso: hombre de 34 años de edad, sin antecedentes personales relevantes. Tres años atrás había presentado una lesión radiolúcida localizada en los órganos dentarios 34 y 35, motivo por el que le realizaron endodoncia de estos y le removieron la lesión. Ocho meses después, en la tomografía Cone Beam, se evidenció una lesión hipodensa de mayor tamaño que las iniciales en la hemiarcada inferior izquierda. Conclusión: la marsupialización, enucleación más adyuvancia, así como la correcta evaluación de las características clínicas, radiográficas e histopatológicas, permitieron que se llevara a cabo un tratamiento quirúrgico más conservador sin utilizar la solución de Carnoy. Aun así, siempre se recomienda un seguimiento postoperatorio a largo plazo. Por otra parte, no se descarta el uso de solución de Carnoy en casos aislados y según el criterio del operador.
Research Roundup
Authors: Mcgloin Claudia
Published: September 2023

In this regular feature, aesthetic nurse Claudia McGloin presents a brief synopsis of a range of recently published articles on medical aesthetics. Research roundup aims to provide an overview, rather than a detailed summary and critique, of the papers selected. Should you wish to look at any of the papers in more detail, a full reference is provided at the end of each study summary
Do not hide anything from His Majesty's Revenue and Customs
Authors: Thornley Helen
Published: September 2023

Helen Thornley explains how His Majesty's Revenue and Customs catches tax evaders, further signalling the importance of reporting income fully and honestly as a business
Delaying anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction increases the rate and severity of medial chondral injuries
Authors: Cance Nicolas , Erard Julien , Shatrov Jobe , Fournier Gaspard , Gunst Stanislas , Martin Guillaume L. , Lustig Sébastien , Servien Elvire
Published: September 2023

Aims

The aim of this study was to evaluate the association between chondral injury and interval from anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) tear to surgical reconstruction (ACLr).

Methods

Between January 2012 and January 2022, 1,840 consecutive ACLrs were performed and included in a single-centre retrospective cohort. Exclusion criteria were partial tears, multiligament knee injuries, prior ipsilateral knee surgery, concomitant unicompartmental knee arthroplasty or high tibial osteotomy, ACL agenesis, and unknown date of tear. A total of 1,317 patients were included in the final analysis, with a median age of 29 years (interquartile range (IQR) 23 to 38). The median preoperative Tegner Activity Score (TAS) was 6 (IQR 6 to 7). Patients were categorized into four groups according to the delay to ACLr: < three months (427; 32%), three to six months (388; 29%), > six to 12 months (248; 19%), and > 12 months (254; 19%). Chondral injury was assessed during arthroscopy using the International Cartilage Regeneration and Joint Preservation Society classification, and its association with delay to ACLr was analyzed using multivariable analysis.

Results

In the medial compartment, delaying ACLr for more than 12 months was associated with an increased rate (odds ratio (OR) 1.93 (95% confidence interval (CI) 1.27 to 2.95); p = 0.002) and severity (OR 1.23 (95% CI 1.08 to 1.40); p = 0.002) of chondral injuries, compared with < three months, with no association in patients aged > 50 years old. No association was found for shorter delays, but the overall dose-effect analysis was significant for the rate (p = 0.015) and severity (p = 0.026) of medial chondral injuries. Increased TAS was associated with a significantly reduced rate (OR 0.88 (95% CI 0.78 to 0.99); p = 0.036) and severity (OR 0.96 (95% CI 0.92 to 0.99); p = 0.017) of medial chondral injuries. In the lateral compartment, no association was found between delay and chondral injuries.

Conclusion

Delay was associated with an increased rate and severity of medial chondral injuries in a dose-effect fashion, in particular for delays > 12 months. Younger patients seem to be at higher risk of chondral injury when delaying surgery. The timing of ACLr should be optimally reduced in this population.

Cite this article: Bone Joint J 2023;105-B(9):953–960.
Standardization of global hip fracture audit could facilitate learning, improve quality, and guide evidence-based practice
Authors: Johansen Antony , Hall Andrew J. , Ojeda-Thies Cristina , Poacher Arwel T. , Costa Matthew L.
Published: September 2023

Aims

National hip fracture registries audit similar aspects of care but there is variation in the actual data collected; these differences restrict international comparison, benchmarking, and research. The Fragility Fracture Network (FFN) published a revised minimum common dataset (MCD) in 2022 to improve consistency and interoperability. Our aim was to assess compatibility of existing registries with the MCD.

Methods

We compared 17 hip fracture registries covering 20 countries (Argentina; Australia and New Zealand; China; Denmark; England, Wales, and Northern Ireland; Germany; Holland; Ireland; Japan; Mexico; Norway; Pakistan; the Philippines; Scotland; South Korea; Spain; and Sweden), setting each of these against the 20 core and 12 optional fields of the MCD.

Results

The highest MCD adherence was demonstrated by the most recently established registries. The first-generation registries in Scandinavia collect data for 60% of MCD fields, second-generation registries (UK, other European, and Australia and New Zealand) collect for 75%, and third-generation registries collect data for 85% of MCD fields. Five of the 20 core fields were collected by all 17 registries (age; sex; surgery date/time of operation; surgery type; and death during acute admission). Two fields were collected by most (16/17; 94%) registries (date/time of presentation and American Society of Anesthesiologists grade), and five more by the majority (15/17; 88%) registries (type, side, and pathological nature of fracture; anaesthetic modality; and discharge destination). Three core fields were each collected by only 11/17 (65%) registries: prefracture mobility/activities of daily living; cognition on admission; and bone protection medication prescription.

Conclusion

There is moderate but improving compatibility between existing registries and the FFN MCD, and its introduction in 2022 was associated with an improved level of adherence among the most recently established programmes. Greater interoperability could be facilitated by improving consistency of data collection relating to prefracture function, cognition, bone protection, and follow-up duration, and this could improve international collaborative benchmarking, research, and quality improvement.

Cite this article: Bone Joint J 2023;105-B(9):1013–1019.
September 2023 Pulmonary Case of the Month: A Bone to Pick
Authors:   Mayo Clinic Arizona, Phoenix, AZ USA, Wesselius Lewis
Published: September 2023

No abstract available. Article truncated after 150 words. History of Present Illness A 56-year-old man presented acute onset of shortness of breath. He denied cough, fever or other symptoms Past Medical History, Family History and Social History • Occasional gout • No relevant family history • Never smoked Medications • Allopurinol • Multivitamin Physical Examination • Other than tachypnea and mild shortness of breath, no significant abnormalities. Chest X-ray An AP chest X-ray was performed (Figure 1). Which abnormality is suggested by the chest X-ray? 1. Calcified micronodules in the right lung 2. Retained secretions with atelectasis left lung 3. Right pneumothorax 4. 1 and 3 5. None. The chest X-ray is within normal limits. Correct! 4. 1 and 3 There is a deep sulcus sign on the right and hyperexpansion of the right hemithorax suggesting a right pneumothorax. A deep sulcus sign may be the only indication of a pneumothorax, especially in a supine film, when air collects anteriorly and basally within the …
How Things Will Go: Genre, Infrastructure, and Hope in Welcome to Lagos
Authors: Oh Rebecca
Published: September 2023

Abstract: This article examines how two structuring forms, infrastructure and genre, facilitate and distribute affects of hopeful futurity in Chibundu Onuzo's 2017 novel Welcome to Lagos . I argue that genre acts as the infrastructure of infrastructure, an underlying connective logic that shapes how infrastructures are encountered and perceived. In turn, infrastructures materialize generic expectations about the world. Welcome to Lagos ' comic form, which aestheticizes contingency and fortune, shapes the way characters relate to informal infrastructures like underbridges and abandoned buildings. Such discarded spaces reinforce a view of the city as a space rife with opportunity. In contrast to more pessimistic views of the postcolonial city, Welcome to Lagos ' comedy and infrastructure foreground how access to resources and materials are unpredictably distributed, in turn making feelings of hopeful or open futurity more available to the urban poor. Ultimately, I argue that affects like hope index the lived force of genre and infrastructure as structuring forms, and that genre and infrastructure are useful for theorizing postcolonial affect.