bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Leading and managing the competence‐based curriculum: conscripts, volunteers and champions at work within the departmentalised environment of the secondary school
Authors: Downey Christopher , Byrne Jenny , Souza Ana
Published: December 2012

This article presents a sub‐set of findings from a research project describing the experience of four case study schools which have implemented a competence‐based curriculum (CBC) for students in their first year of secondary education. Secondary schools are highly departmentalised environments with organisational structures based primarily around subject departments and this can present a considerable challenge to such a multidisciplinary curriculum initiative. School leaders and teachers involved in the implementation and development of a CBC speak in terms of championing and legitimising the curriculum to their subject specialist colleagues. Teachers recruited to the competence‐based approach were sometimes described as a mix of volunteers and conscripts and overcoming any initial scepticism toward the approach required the position and status of the curriculum initiative to be established within the departmentalised organisational structure of the secondary school, and required continuing advocacy for the competence‐based approach.
A novel Rac1 GAP splice variant relays poly-Ub accumulation signals to mediate Rac1 inactivation
Authors: Huang Timothy Y. , Michael Sarah , Xu Tao , Sarkeshik Ali , Moresco James J. , Yates John R. , Masliah Eliezer , Bokoch Gary M. , DerMardirossian Céline
Published: December 2012

Spatial control of RhoGTPase-inactivating GAP components remains largely enigmatic. We describe a brain-specific RhoGAP splice variant, BARGIN (BGIN), which comprises a combination of BAR, GAP, and partial CIN phosphatase domains spliced from adjacent SH3BP1 and CIN gene loci. Excision of BGIN exon 2 results in recoding of a 42–amino acid N-terminal stretch. The partial CIN domain is a poly-ubiquitin (poly-Ub)–binding module that facilitates BGIN distribution to membranous and detergent-insoluble fractions. Poly-Ub/BGIN interactions support BGIN-mediated inactivation of a membranous Rac1 population, which consequently inactivates membrane-localized Rac1 effector systems such as reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation by the Nox1 complex. Given that Ub aggregate pathology and proteotoxicity are central themes in various neurodegenerative disorders, we investigated whether BGIN/Rac1 signaling could be involved in neurodegenerative proteotoxicity. BGIN/Ub interactions are observed through colocalization in tangle aggregates in the Alzheimer’s disease (AD) brain. Moreover, enhanced BGIN membrane distribution correlates with reduced Rac1 activity in AD brain tissue. Finally, BGIN contributes to Rac1 inhibition and ROS generation in an amyloid precursor protein (APP) proteotoxicity model. These results suggest that BGIN/poly-Ub interactions enhance BGIN membrane distribution and relay poly-Ub signals to enact Rac1 inactivation, and attenuation of Rac1 signaling is partially dependent on BGIN in a proteotoxic APP context.
Cyg X-3: a low-mass black hole or a neutron star
Authors: Zdziarski Andrzej A. , Mikołajewska Joanna , Belczyński Krzysztof
Published: December 2012

Cyg X-3 is a highly interesting accreting X-ray binary, emitting from the radio to high-energy gamma-rays. It consists of a compact object wind-fed by a Wolf–Rayet (WR) star, but the masses of the components and the mass-loss rate have been a subject of controversies. Here, we determine its masses, inclination and the mass-loss rate using our derived relationship between the mass-loss rate and the mass for WR stars of the WN type, published infrared and X-ray data, and a relation between the mass-loss rate and the binary period derivative (observed to be >0 in Cyg X-3). Our obtained mass-loss rate is almost identical to that from two independent estimates and consistent with other ones, which strongly supports the validity of this solution. The found WR and compact-object masses are 10.3+ 3.9− 2.8 and 2.4+ 2.1− 1.1 M⊙, respectively. Thus, our solution still allows for the presence of either a neutron star or a black hole, but the latter only with a low mass. However, the radio, infrared and X-ray properties of the system suggest that the compact object is a black hole. Such a low-mass black hole could be formed via accretion-induced collapse or directly from a supernova.
Taxonomy of the Anginosus group of the genus

Streptococcus

and description of Streptococcus anginosus subsp. whileyi subsp. nov. and Streptococcus constellatus subsp. viborgensis subsp. nov.
Authors: Jensen Anders , Hoshino Tomonori , Kilian Mogens
Published: December 2012

The Anginosus group of the genus

Streptococcus

has been the subject of much taxonomic confusion, which has hampered the full appreciation of its clinical significance. The purpose of this study was to critically re-examine the taxonomy of the Anginosus group, with special attention to β-haemolytic, Lancefield group C strains, using multilocus sequence analysis (MLSA) combined with 16S rRNA gene sequence and phenotypic analyses. Phylogenetic analysis of concatenated sequences of seven housekeeping genes previously used for examination of viridans streptococci distinguished seven distinct and coherent clusters in the Anginosus group. Analyses of 16S rRNA gene sequences and phenotypic characters supported the MLSA clustering and currently recognized taxa of the Anginosus group. Single gene analyses showed considerable allele sharing between species, thereby invalidating identification based on single-locus sequencing. Two novel clusters of β-haemolytic, Lancefield group C strains within the

Streptococcus constellatus

and

Streptococcus anginosus

species and isolated from patients with sore throat showed sufficient phylogenetic distances from other clusters to warrant status as novel subspecies. The novel cluster within

S. anginosus

was identified as the previously recognized DNA homology cluster, DNA group 2. The names S. anginosus subsp. whileyi subsp. nov. (type strain CCUG 39159T = DSM 25818T = SK1267T) and S. constellatus subsp. viborgensis subsp. nov. (type strain SK1359T = CCUG 62387T = DSM 25819T) are proposed.
Idiomarina

indica sp. nov., isolated from seawater
Authors: Song Lei , Ren Fei , Huang Ying , Dai Xin , Zhou Yuguang
Published: December 2012

Two Gram-negative, aerobic, rod-shaped bacteria, designated strains SW104T and X07, were isolated from a seawater sample collected from the Indian Ocean. The strains grew at a temperature range of 12–50 °C (optimum, 35–37 °C), and at pH 6.0–9.0 (optimum pH 7.0–7.5). The predominant cellular fatty acids of strain SW104T were iso-C15 : 0 (41.2 %), iso-C17 : 1ω9c (15.2 %) and iso-C17 : 0 (11.1 %). The major respiratory quinone was ubiquinone 8 (Q-8). The major polar lipids were phosphatidylethanolamine, diphosphatidylglycerol and phosphatidylglycerol. The genomic DNA G+C contents of strains SW104T and X07 were 49.8 and 49.5 mol%, respectively. Phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rRNA gene sequences revealed that the new isolates were related to members of the genus

Idiomarina

, showing the highest similarity with

Idiomarina taiwanensis

PIT1T and

Idiomarina maritima

908087T (96.1 and 95.9 %, respectively). On the basis of phenotypic, genotypic and phylogenetic characteristics, it is proposed that strains SW104T and X07 should be described as representatives of a novel species of the genus

Idiomarina

, for which the name

Idiomarina

indica sp. nov. is proposed. The type strain is SW104T ( = CGMCC 1.10824T = JCM 18138T).
Lactobacillus

hokkaidonensis sp. nov., isolated from subarctic timothy grass (Phleum pratense L.) silage
Authors: Tohno Masanori , Kitahara Maki , Uegaki Ryuichi , Irisawa Tomohiro , Ohkuma Moriya , Tajima Kiyoshi
Published: December 2012

Four strains of Gram-positive, non-spore-forming, rod-shaped, catalase-negative and non-motile lactic acid bacteria, LOOC260T, LOOC253, LOOC273 and LOOC279, were isolated from timothy grass (Phleum pratense L.) silage produced in Hokkaido, a subarctic region of Japan. These isolates grew at 4–37 °C, indicating the psychrotolerant nature of these strains. Phylogenetic analysis on the basis of 16S rRNA and pheS gene sequences, as well as biochemical and physiological characteristics, indicated that these four strains were members of the genus

Lactobacillus

. 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis of strain LOOC260T demonstrated that the closest neighbours were the type strains of

Lactobacillus suebicus

(97.7 %),

Lactobacillus oligofermentans

(96.7 %) and

Lactobacillus vaccinostercus

(96.7 %). Strain LOOC260T showed low levels of DNA–DNA association with

Lactobacillus suebicus

JCM 9504T (14.7±3.5 %),

Lactobacillus oligofermentans

JCM 16175T (15.1±4.8 %) and

Lactobacillus vaccinostercus

JCM 1716T (10.7±3.0 %). The cell wall contained meso-diaminopimelic acid and the major fatty acids were C18 : 1ω9c and C19 : 1 cyclo 9,10. On the basis of phenotypic, physiological and phylogenetic evidence, these isolates represent a novel species of the genus

Lactobacillus

, for which the name

Lactobacillus

hokkaidonensis sp. nov. is proposed. The type strain is LOOC260T ( = JCM 18461T = DSM 26202T).
Epidemiology and host spectrum of Borna disease virus infections
Authors: Kinnunen Paula M. , Palva Airi , Vaheri Antti , Vapalahti Olli
Published: December 2012

Borna disease virus (BDV) has gained lot of interest because of its zoonotic potential, ability to introduce cDNA of its RNA transcripts into host genomes, and ability to cause severe neurobehavioural diseases. Classical Borna disease is a progressive meningoencephalomyelitis in horses and sheep, known in central Europe for centuries. According to current knowledge, BDV or a close relative also infects several other species, including humans at least occasionally, in central Europe and elsewhere, but the existence of potential ‘human Borna disease’ with its suspected neuropsychiatric symptoms is highly controversial. The recent detection of endogenized BDV-like genes in primate and various other vertebrate genomes confirms that at least ancient bornaviruses did infect our ancestors. The epidemiology of BDV is largely unknown, but accumulating evidence indicates vectors and reservoirs among small wild mammals. The aim of this review is to bring together the current knowledge on epidemiology of BDV infections. Specifically, geographical and host distribution are addressed and assessed in the critical light of the detection methods used. We also review some salient clinical aspects.
The Effect of Laser Power Density on the Observed Products of Combustion of Gasoline Using Laser‐Induced Thermal Desorption with Fourier Transform Mass Spectrometry
Authors: Hutches Katherine D. , Wang Diana , Land Donald P.
Published: December 2012

Layered soot analysis is explored as a potential indicator of gasoline in a fire. Current techniques lack the ability to analyze layered soot samples without the destruction of the layered information. Laser‐induced thermal desorption (LITD) coupled with Fourier transform mass spectrometry (FTMS) is developed as a method for analyzing soot samples. Samples of soot on glass from the free combustion of gasoline are collected and analyzed using LITD‐FTMS, and the effect of power density on the resulting chemical profile is reported. At higher power densities, a distribution of low m/z products is observed. At lower power densities, the products observed shift to higher molecular weights, with peaks attributable to the tropyllium ion, naphthalene, and pyrene. Results at low power densities suggest that LITD‐FTMS is a viable method for the analysis of soot, with potential for use with layered soot samples. Peaks potentially useful for fuel differentiation of gasoline are identified.
Artificial Sweeteners Versus Regular Mixers Increase Breath Alcohol Concentrations in Male and Female Social Drinkers
Authors: Marczinski Cecile A. , Stamates Amy L.
Published: December 2012

Background

Limited research suggests that alcohol consumed with an artificially sweetened mixer (e.g., diet soft drink) results in higher breath alcohol concentrations (BrACs) compared with the same amount of alcohol consumed with a similar beverage containing sugar. The purpose of this study was to determine the reliability of this effect in both male and female social drinkers and to determine if there are measureable objective and subjective differences when alcohol is consumed with an artificially sweetened versus sugar‐sweetened mixer.

Methods

Participants (n = 16) of equal gender attended 3 sessions where they received 1 of 3 doses (1.97 ml/kg vodka mixed with 3.94 ml/kg Squirt, 1.97 ml/kg vodka mixed with 3.94 ml/kg diet Squirt, and a placebo beverage) in random order. BrACs were recorded, as were self‐reported ratings of subjective intoxication, fatigue, impairment, and willingness to drive. Objective performance was assessed using a cued go/no‐go reaction time task.

Results

BrACs were significantly higher in the alcohol + diet beverage condition compared with the alcohol + regular beverage condition. The mean peak BrAC was 0.091 g/210 l in the alcohol + diet condition compared with 0.077 g/210 l in the alcohol + regular condition. Cued go/no‐go task performance indicated the greatest impairment for the alcohol + diet beverage condition. Subjective measures indicated that participants appeared unaware of any differences in the 2 alcohol conditions, given that no significant differences in subjective ratings were observed for the 2 alcohol conditions. No gender differences were observed for BrACs, and objective and subjective measures.

Conclusions

Mixing alcohol with a diet soft drink resulted in elevated BrACs, as compared with the same amount of alcohol mixed with a sugar‐sweetened beverage. Individuals were unaware of these differences, a factor that may increase the safety risks associated with drinking alcohol.
Diversity of terrestrial isopods in the supralittoral zone of Ghar El Melh lagoon (Tunisia)
Authors: Khemaissia Hajer , Jelassi Raja , Souty‐Grosset Catherine , Nasri‐Ammar Karima
Published: December 2012

In Tunisia, while wetlands are considered as remarkable habitats for their faunal and floral diversity, few studies on the species diversity of terrestrial isopods were performed. To fill this gap, the spatio‐temporal distribution of Oniscidea at Ghar El Melh lagoon (north‐east of Tunisia) was analysed. Sampling was carried out with 50 × 50 cm quadrats along a perpendicular transect to the shoreline. Nine species of terrestrial isopods belonging to seven genera were identified. Chaetophiloscia elongata Dollfus, 1884 was the most abundant species in all seasons except for summer; its relative abundance ranged from 38.9% to 77% in summer and autumn, respectively. Hill diversity indices ranged from 0.86 to 0.94 and equitability indices from 0.33 and 0.68. The statistical analysis showed a significant difference of isopod species and plant associations among seasons.
The Australasian Maternity Outcomes Surveillance System: An evaluation of stakeholder engagement, usefulness, simplicity, acceptability, data quality and stability
Authors: Halliday Lesley E. , Peek Michael J. , Ellwood David A. , Homer Caroline , Knight Marion , Mclintock Claire , Jackson‐Pulver Lisa , Sullivan Elizabeth A.
Published: December 2012

Background

The Australasian Maternity Outcomes Surveillance System (AMOSS) conducts active, prospective surveillance of severe maternal conditions in Australia and New Zealand (ANZ). AMOSS captures greater than 96% of all births, and utilises an online, active case‐based negative reporting system.

Aim

To evaluate AMOSS using the United States Centres for Disease Control (MMWR 2001; 50 (RR13): 1–35.) surveillance system evaluation framework.

Methods

Data were gathered using multiple methods, including an anonymous online survey administered to 353 AMOSS data collectors, in addition to review of case data received during 2009–2011, documented records of project board and advisory group meeting minutes, publications, annual reports and the AMOSS database.

Results

AMOSS is a research system characterised by its simplicity and efficiency. The socio‐demographic, risk factor and severe morbidity clinical data collected on rare conditions are not duplicated in other routine data systems. AMOSS is functioning well and has sustained buy‐in from clinicians, stakeholders and consumers and a high level of acceptability to data collectors in ANZ maternity units.

Conclusions

AMOSS is the only existing national system of surveillance for rare and severe maternal conditions in ANZ and therefore serves an important function, utilising data collected from reliable sources, in an effective, efficient and timely way.
Antagonism of P2Y1‐induced vasorelaxation by acyl CoA: a critical role for palmitate and 3′‐phosphate
Authors: Alefishat E , Alexander SPH , Ralevic V
Published: December 2012

Background and Purpose

Acyl derivatives of CoA have been shown to act as antagonists at human platelet and recombinant P2Y1 receptors, but little is known about their effects in the cardiovascular system. This study evaluated the effect of these endogenous nucleotide derivatives at P2Y1 receptors natively expressed in rat and porcine blood vessels.

Experimental Approach

Isometric tension recordings were used to evaluate the effects of CoA, acetyl CoA, palmitoyl CoA (PaCoA) and 3′‐dephospho‐palmitoyl‐CoA on concentration relaxation–response curves to ADP and uridine triphosphate (UTP). A FlexStation monitored ADP‐ and UTP‐evoked calcium responses in HEK293 cells.

Key Results

Acetyl CoA and PaCoA, but not CoA, inhibited endothelium‐dependent relaxations to ADP with apparent selectivity for P2Y1 receptors (over P2Y2/4 receptors) in rat thoracic aorta; PaCoA was more potent than acetyl CoA (331‐fold vs. fivefold shift of ADP response curve evoked by 10 μM PaCoA and acetyl CoA, respectively); the apparent pA2 value for PaCoA was 6.44. 3′‐dephospho‐palmitoyl‐CoA (10 μM) was significantly less potent than PaCoA (20‐fold shift). In porcine mesenteric arteries, PaCoA and the P2Y1 receptor antagonist MRS2500 blocked ADP‐mediated endothelium‐dependent relaxations; in contrast, they were ineffective against ADP‐mediated endothelium‐independent relaxation in porcine coronary arteries (which does not involve P2Y1 receptors). Calcium responses evoked by ADP activation of endogenous P2Y1 receptors in HEK293 cells were inhibited in the presence of PaCoA, which failed to alter responses to UTP (acting at endogenous P2Y2/4 receptors).

Conclusions and Implications

Acyl derivatives of CoA can act as endogenous selective antagonists of P2Y1 receptors in blood vessels, and this inhibitory effect critically depends on the palmitate and 3′‐ribose phosphate substituents on CoA.
Implications of new European Union driving regulations on patients with Type 1 diabetes who participated in the Diabetes Control and Complications Trial
Authors: Kilpatrick E. S. , Rigby A. S. , Warren R. E. , Atkin S. L.
Published: December 2012

Aims

Recurrent severe hypoglycaemia in a patient with diabetes is strongly associated with a crash risk while driving. To help ensure road safety, recent changes were made to European Union driving regulations for patients with diabetes. These included the recommendation that more than one episode of severe hypoglycaemia within 12 months would lead to the loss of a driving licence. This study has assessed the impact of this regulation if applied to patients who participated in the Diabetes Control and Complications Trial.

Methods

All patients in the Diabetes Control and Complications Trial were assumed to be drivers. Repeated hypoglycaemic episodes within a year were determined during the mean 6.5 years of the study.

Results

Of the 1441 patients in the Diabetes Control and Complications Trial, 439 (30%) had more than one severe hypoglycaemic episode during a 12‐month period of their study participation. Amongst the study groups, 312/711 (44%) of intensively treated and 127/730 (17%) of conventionally treated patients would have lost their licence at some point during the trial. The risk of licence loss increased with lower mean HbA1c, longer duration of diabetes and younger age (all P < 0.001).

Conclusions

More than one episode of severe hypoglycaemia within a year was a frequent event in subjects in the Diabetes Control and Complications Trial, especially in intensively treated patients. If applied to current practice, improving road safety through these changes to European Union regulations could have a substantial impact on drivers who have Type 1 diabetes. This emphasizes the need to take into account the potential effects of severe hypoglycaemia in those who rely on a driving licence.
Chinese overseas M&A performance and the Go Global policy1
Authors: Gu Lulu , Reed W.R.
Published: December 2012

It is well known that government plays an important role in the business activities of Chinese firms. Less certain is the effect this influence has on the wealth of those firms’ shareholders. We contribute to the literature by analysing stock market reactions to announcements by Chinese firms of overseas mergers and acquisitions (OMAs). OMAs are of particular interest because there can exist a conflict between the interests of the public sector in acquiring overseas assets, and the interests of the private sector in maximizing shareholder wealth. Our main dataset consists of 213 observations of 157 OMA events that occurred between 1994 and 2009, using share market returns from the Shanghai, Shenzhen, Hong Kong and US markets. The aggregation of share price data across multiple markets, and the listing of firms in multiple exchanges, raise econometric issues for the standard event‐study methodology. To address these, we use a new, feasible generalized least squares (GLS) procedure developed by Gu and Reed (2012). On the basis of an analysis using both aggregated and disaggregated samples, and of daily and cumulative abnormal returns, we find consistent evidence that (i) Chinese OMAs have not lowered the wealth of shareholders of Chinese acquiring firms, and (ii) shareholders of Chinese acquiring firms have not fared worse under under China's ‘Go Global’ policy of encouraging outward investment by Chinese firms.
Drawdown Distribution in the Vicinity of Nonvertical Wells
Authors: Williams Dennis E.
Published: December 2012

Recent developments in subsurface intake systems for ocean desalination plants are considering use of angled wells (slant wells) completed in permeable materials beneath the ocean floor. Conventional drawdown equations for vertical or horizontal wells are inadequate to properly describe the drawdown distribution in the vicinity of slant wells. Using the principle of superposition combined with standard well hydraulics, universal drawdown equations (UDE) are presented which calculate the drawdown distribution in the vicinity of production wells with inclination angles ranging from 0° (horizontal wells) to 90° (vertical wells). The method is computationally simple and other than the normal assumptions for standard well equations, it only requires that the calculated drawdown represent the drawdown which would be measured in a fully penetrating observation well. Solutions using the UDE are developed for confined, unconfined and semi‐confined (leaky) aquifers and compared with analytical equations for vertical and horizontal wells, and with a numerical model for slant wells. The UDE is also applied to pumping test data from the Dana Point slant well project in Southern California.
Phenylalanine ammonia‐lyase and cinnamate 4‐hydroxylase genes' response to HHO in Eupatorium adenophorum
Authors: Pei Xixiang , Guo Huiming , Wan Fanghao , Cheng Hongmei
Published: December 2012

6‐Hydroxy‐5‐isopropyl‐3,8‐dimethyl‐4a,5,6,7,8,8a‐hexahydronaphthalen‐2(1H)‐one (HHO) is an allelopathic substance that is related to allelochemical metabolism in Eupatorium adenophorum. In this study, the full‐length complementary DNA of two phenylalanine ammonia‐lyase (PAL) genes and a fragment of the cinnamate 4‐hydroxylase (CA4H) gene from E. adenophorum (Ea) were cloned. The expression of all three genes was increased by the HHO treatment, with varying sensitivity: EaPAL2 > EaPAL1 > EaCA4H. Southern blotting suggested that there is a third member of the PAL gene family in this species.
Exploring the Inner Life of the Party: A Framework for Analysing Elite Party Culture
Authors: Barrling Katarina
Published: December 2012

This article presents a framework for analysing party‐organisational culture, with a special focus on the elite level. The framework is based on an interpretation of Mary Douglas’ Grid/Group model, and is empirically supported by an extensive study of the seven party groups in the Swedish parliament. The model identifies two fundamental cultural dimensions: the level of submission by individual group members to the group as a collectivity; and the principle that dictates the distribution of status and prestige within the party (a distribution here correlating with views on knowledge). The study shows that the parties distribute themselves on the cultural map in ways that do not coincide in any straightforward way with other well‐known variables of party politics, such as ideology, origin or size. The methodological innovations presented in this article pave the way for a new framework for analysing party politics in which hitherto neglected aspects of party organisation are highlighted.
IgG‐Based Elimination Diet in Migraine Plus Irritable Bowel Syndrome
Authors: Aydinlar Elif Ilgaz , Dikmen Pinar Yalinay , Tiftikci Arzu , Saruc Murat , Aksu Muge , Gunsoy Hulya G. , Tozun Nurdan
Published: December 2012

Objectives.

To evaluate therapeutic potential of the immunoglobulin G (IgG)‐based elimination diet among migraine patients with irritable bowel syndrome (IBS).

Background.

Food elimination has been suggested as an effective and inexpensive therapeutic strategy in patients with migraine and concomitant IBS in the past studies.

Methods.

A total of 21 patients (mean [standard deviation] age: 38.0 [11.2] years; 85.7% females) diagnosed with migraine and IBS were included in this double‐blind, randomized, controlled, cross‐over clinical trial composed of baseline (usual diet), first diet (elimination or provocation diets), and second diet (interchange of elimination or provocations diets) phases and 4 visits.

Results.

IgG antibody tests against 270 food allergens revealed mean (standard deviation) reaction count to be 23.1 (14.1). Compared with baseline levels, elimination diet per se was associated with significant reductions in attack count (4.8 [2.1] vs 2.7 [2.0]; P < .001), maximum attack duration (2.6 [0.6] vs 1.4 [1.1] days; P < .001), mean attack duration (1.8 [0.5] vs 1.1 [0.8] days; P < .01), maximum attack severity (visual analog scale 8.5 [1.4] vs visual analog scale 6.6 [3.3]; P < .001), and number of attacks with acute medication (4.0 [1.5] vs 1.9 [1.8]; P < .001). There was a significant reduction in pain‐bloating severity (1.8 [1.3] vs 3.2 [0.8]; P < .05), pain‐bloating within the last 10 days (3.2 [2.8] vs 5.5 [3.1]; P < .05), and improvement obtained in quality of life (3.6 [1.4] vs 2.9 [1.0]; P < .05) by the elimination diet as compared with provocation diet.

Conclusions.

Our findings indicate that food elimination based on IgG antibodies in migraine patients who suffer from concomitant IBS may effectively reduce symptoms from both disorders with possible positive impact on the quality of life of the patients as well as potential savings to the health‐care system.
Effects of Rotation and Osteotomy Angulation on Patellar Tendon Insertion Position during Circular Tibial Tuberosity Osteotomy
Authors: Rovesti Gian Luca , Katic Nikola , Dalpozzo Boris , Dondi Francesco , Dupré Gilles
Published: December 2012

Objective

To evaluate the influence of rotation of the tibial tuberosity (TT) in the sagittal plane and angulation of osteotomy in the frontal plane (FPA) on the displacement of patellar tendon (PT) insertion.

Study Design

Ex vivo biomechanical study.

Sample Population

Canine tibiae (n = 36).

Methods

Nine groups of 4 tibiae each had a circular osteotomy of the TT at an FPA from –20° to +20° with increments of 5° for each group. The osteotomized TT was rotated by angles of rotation (AORs) of 10°, 20°, or 30° in the sagittal plane. The craniocaudal (CCD), distoproximal (DPD), and mediolateral (MLD) displacements of a marker located at the PT insertion on the TT were evaluated radiographically. Differences between groups were analyzed by Mann–Whitney U test and Friedman 2‐way ANOVA.

Results

There was a significant correlation between the AOR and CCD. A positive FPA resulted in a high CCD and lateral shift of the TT at every AOR. Performing an osteotomy at an FPA of 0° produced the maximum amount of DPD.

Conclusions

FPA and AOR during circular osteotomy of the TT influence the final displacement of the PT insertion in all 3 planes.
The Effect of Short‐ and Long‐Term Treatment with Manuka Honey on Second Intention Healing of Contaminated and Noncontaminated Wounds on the Distal Aspect of the Forelimbs in Horses
Authors: Bischofberger Andrea S. , Dart Christina M. , Perkins Nigel R. , Kelly Ashley , Jeffcott Leo , Dart Andrew J.
Published: December 2012

Objectives

To compare the effects of manuka honey and manuka honey gel on second intention healing of noncontaminated distal limb wounds and those contaminated with feces.

Study Design

Experimental study.

Animals

Standardbred horses (n = 10).

Methods

Five full‐thickness wounds (2 × 2 cm) were created on both metacarpi. Wounds on 1 forelimb were covered with horse feces for 24 hours. Wounds on the contralateral limb were left uncontaminated. Wounds were assigned to the following 5 different treatments: manuka honey, manuka honey gel or gel applied for 12 days, manuka honey gel applied throughout healing and untreated control. Wound area was measured on day 1 then weekly until day 42 and time to complete healing was recorded.

Results

Wounds treated with manuka honey gel throughout healing healed faster than all other wounds (P< .05). Wounds treated with manuka honey and manuka honey gel for 12 days healed faster than gel control and untreated control wounds (P< .05). Wounds treated with manuka honey and manuka honey gel for 12 days and throughout healing were smaller than gel control and untreated control wounds until day 35 (P< .05). Wounds contaminated with feces had greater retraction for 7 days, but healed faster than noncontaminated wounds (P< .05).

Conclusions

Treatment of wounds with manuka honey and manuka honey gel reduced wound retraction and overall healing time compared with gel and untreated control wounds.
MODIS‐Aided Statewide Net Groundwater‐Recharge Estimation in Nebraska
Authors: Szilagyi Jozsef , Jozsa Janos
Published: December 2012

Monthly evapotranspiration (ET) rates (2000 to 2009) across Nebraska at about 1‐km resolution were obtained by linear transformations of the MODIS (MODerate resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer) daytime surface temperature values with the help of the Priestley–Taylor equation and the complementary relationship of evaporation. For positive values of the mean annual precipitation and ET differences, the mean annual net recharge was found by an additional multiplication of the power‐function‐transformed groundwater vulnerability DRASTIC‐code values. Statewide mean annual net recharge became about 29 mm (i.e., 5% of mean annual precipitation) with the largest recharge rates (in excess of 100 mm/year) found in the eastern Sand Hills and eastern Nebraska. Areas with the largest negative net recharge rates caused by declining groundwater levels due to large‐scale irrigation are found in the south‐western region of the state. Error bounds of the estimated values are within 10% to 15% of the corresponding precipitation rates and the estimated net recharge rates are sensitive to errors in the precipitation and ET values. This study largely confirms earlier base‐flow analysis‐based statewide groundwater recharge estimates when considerations are made for differences in the recharge definitions. The current approach not only provides better spatial resolution than available earlier studies for the region but also quantifies negative net recharge rates that become especially important in numerical modeling of shallow groundwater systems.
Who Plays the Key Role among Shanghai, Shenzhen and Hong Kong Stock Markets?
Authors: Wang Jian , Zhu Junfeng , Dou Feifei
Published: December 2012

In this paper we examine the daily frequency stock market indices of Shanghai, Shenzhen and Hong Kong from January 2000 to June 2012, and use the Morlet wavelet coherence model to determine who is playing the most important role in the financial markets of China. We find that there are significant comovements between these stock markets in the medium and long run. This provides investors with opportunities to increase their capital gains. The Hong Kong stock market plays a leading role in the long run, but its leader position is threatened by fast‐growing Chinese mainland stock markets, especially the Shanghai Stock Exchange. Based on our analysis, the following suggestions apply to the Chinese stock markets: establish and improve international and regional finance centers in Chinese mainland; encourage more qualified institutional investors; reposition the market relations among Hong Kong, Shanghai and Shenzhen; and increase deregulation and internationalization to speed up the integration of financial resources.
Revisiting China's Use of Force in Asia: Dynamic, Level and Beyond*
Authors: Sun Xuefeng , Huang Yuxing
Published: December 2012

In the context of China's rapid rise, scholars still debate heatedly and always make contrasted predictions on China's use of force. This article seeks to identify the determining factors of a rising China's use of force and its varying levels. Since the establishment of the People's Republic of China in 1949, China's use of force has been shaped by its high external vulnerabilities. They consist of two major security concerns: the homeland encirclement by superpowers and the increasing support from the outside to domestic splitting factions. Consistency in China's use of force can be explained by the legitimacy of the party involved and the regional power position in East Asia. The level of the use of force has been determined by China's relative capability to its adversaries. Specifically, China will use high levels of force, such as wars or lengthy conflicts, if it enjoys the favorable relative capability. On the contrary, China will use low levels of force, such as blockade, artillery attacks and very short combats, if the opposite is true. Based on these findings and current regional trends in East Asia, the authors are optimistic about China's non‐use of force in Taiwan and territorial or maritime disputes in East Asia over the next decade.
Middle Power National Identity? South Korea and Vietnam in US–China Geopolitics
Authors: Easley Leif‐Eric
Published: December 2012

The middle powers literature often conflates role identity (national self‐conception) of middle power states with role performance (foreign policies), while neglecting East Asia as a region of hypothesis generation and testing. Empirical studies of middle powers tend to consider European cases, Canada, Australia and South Africa, while research on contemporary East Asia international relations focuses on great powers or the development of regional institutions. This article contributes to the middle powers literature by comparing the post‐Cold‐War national identities and foreign policies of South Korea and Vietnam. A framework for analyzing national identity is applied to major sources of national self‐conceptions in Seoul and Hanoi. The article examines how identity trajectories relate to change in South Korea and Vietnam's geopolitical positioning between the United States and China, and assesses the prospects for middle power cooperation in East Asia.
No relation between sleep duration and adiposity indicators in 9–36 months old children: the SKOT cohort
Authors: Klingenberg L. , Christensen L. B. , Hjorth M. F. , Zangenberg S. , Chaput J.‐P. , Sjödin A. , Mølgaard C. , Michaelsen K. F.
Published: December 2012

Background

Epidemiological studies in adults and children have repeatedly reported an association between short sleep duration and the risk of obesity. Studies using both objective measurements of sleep and dual‐energy X‐ray absorptiometry in children aged three are, however, lacking.

Objective

The study aims to examine both the longitudinal and cross‐sectional associations between sleep duration and adiposity indicators in children aged 3 and younger.

Methods

On a cohort of 311 infants born at term, we used parent‐reported sleep duration at 9 months, 18 months and 3 years of age, and accelerometer estimated nocturnal sleep duration at 3 years of age. Sleep duration at 9 and 18 months were used to predict adiposity at 3 years of age.

Results

We found no associations between any of the adiposity indicators at 3 years of age and (i) parent‐reported total sleep duration at 9 months, 18 months and 3 years, and (2) nocturnal sleep duration measured with accelerometry at 3 years of age. Multivariate adjustments were used in both approaches.

Conclusion

Our results do not support the hypothesis that short sleep duration is associated with increased adiposity in this cohort of young Danish children.
Non‐bacterial protein expression in periodontal pockets by proteome analysis
Authors: Bertoldi Carlo , Bellei Elisa , Pellacani Chiara , Ferrari Davide , Lucchi Andrea , Cuoghi Aurora , Bergamini Stefania , Cortellini Pierpaolo , Tomasi Aldo , Zaffe Davide , Monari Emanuela
Published: December 2012

Objectives

To compare the proteomic profile of inter‐proximal pocket tissues with inter‐proximal healthy tissues in the same subject to reveal proteins associated with periodontal disease in sites where periodontopathogenic bacteria were not detectable.

Methods

Twenty‐five healthy patients, with moderate‐to‐advanced chronic periodontitis and presenting with at least one intra‐bony defect next to a healthy inter‐proximal site were enrolled. The periodontal defects were treated with osseous resective surgery, and the flap design included both the periodontal pockets and the neighbouring inter‐proximal healthy sites. Pocket‐associated and healthy tissues were harvested for proteomic analyses.

Results

Fifteen proteins were differently expressed between pathological and healthy tissues. In particular, annexin A2, actin cytoplasmic 1, carbonic anhydrase 1 & 2; Ig kappa chain C region (two spots) and flavinreductase were overexpressed, whereas 14‐3‐3 protein sigma and zeta/delta, heat‐shock protein beta ‐1 (two spots), triosephosphateisomerase, peroxiredoxin‐1, fatty acid‐binding protein‐epidermal, and galectin‐7 were underexpressed in pathological tissue.

Conclusions

The unbalanced functional network of proteins involved could hinder adequate tissue response to pathogenic noxa. The study of periodontal pocket tissue proteomic profile would be crucial to better understand the pathogenesis of and the therapeutic strategies for periodontitis.
Hemin ameliorates indomethacin‐induced small intestinal injury in mice through the induction of heme oxygenase‐1
Authors: Yoriki Hiroyuki , Naito Yuji , Takagi Tomohisa , Mizusima Katsura , Hirai Yasuko , Harusato Akihito , Yamada Shinya , Tsuji Toshifumi , Kugai Munehiro , Fukui Akifumi , Higashimura Yasuki , Katada Kazuhiko , Kamada Kazuhiro , Uchiyama Kazuhiko , Handa Osamu , Yagi Nobuaki , Ichikawa Hiroshi , Yosikawa Toshikazu
Published: December 2012

Background and Aim

Although non‐steroidal anti‐inflammatory drugs can induce intestinal injury, the mechanisms are not fully understood, and treatment has yet to be established. Heme oxygenase‐1 (HO‐1) has recently gained attention for anti‐inflammatory and cytoprotective effects. This study aimed to investigate the effects of hemin, an HO‐1 inducer, on indomethacin‐induced enteritis in mice.

Methods

Enteritis was induced by single subcutaneous administration of indomethacin (10 mg/kg) in male C57BL/6 mice. Hemin (30 mg/kg) was administered by intraperitoneal administration 6 h before indomethacin administration. Mice were randomly divided into four groups: (i) sham + vehicle; (ii) sham + hemin; (iii) indomethacin + vehicle; or (iv) indomethacin + hemin. Enteritis was evaluated by measuring ulcerative lesions. Myeloperoxidase activity was measured as an index of neutrophil accumulation. The mRNA expression of inflammatory cytokines and chemokines, such as tumor necrosis factor‐α, monocyte chemoattractant protein‐1, macrophage inflammatory protein‐1α, and keratinocyte chemoattractant, were analyzed by real‐time polymerase chain reaction.

Results

The area of ulcerative lesions, myeloperoxidase activity, and mRNA expression of inflammatory cytokines and chemokines were significantly increased in mice administrated with indomethacin compared with vehicle‐treated sham mice. Development of intestinal lesions, increased levels of myeloperoxidase activities, and mRNA expressions of inflammatory cytokines and chemokines were significantly suppressed in mice treated with hemin compared with vehicle‐treated mice. Protective effects of hemin were reversed by co‐administration of tin protoporphyrin, an HO‐1 inhibitor.

Conclusions

Induction of HO‐1 by hemin inhibits indomethacin‐induced intestinal injury through upregulation of HO‐1. Pharmacological induction of HO‐1 may offer a novel therapeutic strategy to prevent indomethacin‐induced small intestinal injury.
Insulin resistance and inflammation markers: correlations in obese adolescents
Authors: Aguilar María J , González‐Jiménez Emilio , Antelo Aránzazu , Perona Javier S
Published: December 2012

Aims and objectives

To ascertain whether inflammation markers also correlate with parameters related to insulin resistance and the metabolic syndrome in a group of adolescents.

Background

Obesity is now considered a chronic low‐grade inflammatory process, characterised by alterations in the systemic concentrations of some inflammation markers. Adiponectin, leptin and other inflammatory proteins have been shown to correlate with insulin resistance and the metabolic syndrome in adults.

Design

Cross‐sectional study in two groups of obese and normal weight adolescents.

Methods

Serum levels of adiponectin, leptin, ceruloplasmin and insulin levels were determined and correlated among them and with anthropometric parameters, blood pressure body mass index and body mass index z‐score.

Results

Waist circumference, body mass index and blood pressure values correlated significantly with both homoeostasis model assessment for insulin resistance and insulin levels. Ceruloplasmin also correlated with both parameters with a high level of significance. However, leptin levels did not correlate with either homoeostasis model assessment for insulin resistance or insulin, and adiponectin correlated with homoeostasis model assessment for insulin resistance but not insulin. All inflammation markers studied correlated with the body mass index z‐score. These correlations were stronger in the group of obese individuals compared to lean ones.

Conclusions

We found a relationship between insulin resistance and some inflammation in adolescents, which was particularly strong in obese individuals and was associated with the development of metabolic syndrome. Among the inflammation markers studied, ceruloplasmin revealed as a potential string marker of insulin resistance in obese adolescents.

Relevance to clinical practice

The results obtained in this study imply a significant advance in the field of clinical practice of nursing. The adequate understanding by nursing personnel of the inflammatory processes inherent to obesity constitutes a key factor for the prevention of the disease and its complications in adolescents.
Fibrinogen may mediate the association between long sleep duration and coronary heart disease
Authors: Hale Lauren , Parente Victoria , Dowd Jennifer Beam , Sands Megan , Berger Jeffrey S. , Song Yiqing , Martin Lisa W. , Allison Matthew A.
Published: December 2012

Long sleep duration has been associated with increased risk of cardiovascular disease (CVD) and all‐cause mortality. Inflammation and coagulation have been hypothesized as possible physiological pathways to explain this association, although specific biomarkers have not been studied. Using longitudinal data from 3942 postmenopausal women in the Women's Health Initiative observational study and clinical trials, we investigated whether fibrinogen, an acute‐phase inflammatory protein involved in blood clotting, mediates the associations between sleep duration and coronary heart disease (CHD) and mortality among women. Fibrinogen levels were associated positively with self‐reported long sleep duration (9+ h per night), CHD and all‐cause mortality, even after adjustment for a range of sociodemographic characteristics, cardiovascular risk factors and comorbidities.Compared with self‐reported 7–8 h per night sleep duration, self‐reported long sleep duration was associated with increased odds of CHD [odds ratio (OR) = 2.05, 95% confidence interval (CI): 1.02–4.11]. Adjustment for fibrinogen levels reduced the increased odds of CHD associated with long sleep by approximately 8 percentage points (OR = 1.97, 95% CI: 0.98–3.97). A similar reduction in the OR was observed with mortality. For both outcomes there is support for partial mediation of 6–7%, suggesting that fibrinogen may be a mechanism through which long sleep duration is associated with CHD and mortality.
Risk Factors for Preterm Birth and Small‐for‐gestational‐age Births among Canadian Women
Authors: Heaman Maureen , Kingston Dawn , Chalmers Beverley , Sauve Reginald , Lee Lily , Young David
Published: December 2012

Background

Preterm births (PTB) and small‐for‐gestational‐age (SGA) births are distinct but related pregnancy outcomes, with differing aetiologies and short and long‐term morbidities. Few studies have compared a broad array of predictors among these two outcomes. The purpose of this study was to compare risk factors for PTB and SGA births using a national sample of Canadian women.

Methods

We analysed data from the Canadian Maternity Experiences Survey (n = 6421). Mothers were ≥15 years of age, gave birth to a singleton infant and were living with their infant at the time of the interview (between 5 and 14 months post‐partum). Backward stepwise multivariable logistic regression models were constructed for each outcome.

Results

Risk profiles for the two outcomes had both differences and similarities. Risk factors specific to PTB were education less than high school, having a previous medical condition, developing a new medical condition or health problem during pregnancy, being a primigravida, or being a multigravida with a previous PTB or a previous miscarriage or abortion. Risk factors unique to SGA were low pre‐pregnancy body mass index (<18 kg/m2), smoking during pregnancy and being a recent immigrant. Risk factors for both outcomes included low weight gain during pregnancy (<9.1 kg), short stature (<155 cm) and reporting life as ‘very stressful’ in the year prior to birth of the baby.

Conclusion

A greater understanding of the risk factors related to PTB and SGA may help to reduce the prevalence of these conditions and the associated risk of infant mortality and morbidity.