bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Design of integrated Ka-band reflective phased array antenna element
Authors: Firsenkov Anatoly I. , Guskov Anton B. , Smirnov Alexander S. , Krekhtunov Vladimir M. , Komissarova Elena V.
Published: November 2019

The results of a constructively simple high-tech small-sized integrated element of the Ka-band electric beam scanning reflective phased array antenna (PAA) development are shown. Beam scanning sector of the phased array antenna is up to 60 by both coordinates. The PAA element is based on the Faraday type waveguide ferrite phase shifter, which works on the circular polarized electromagnetic waves. More than 30000 PAA elements has been produced, 100% control and statistical data processing of their main characteristics has been carried out. Graph for initial phases and steepness of linearized phase characteristics, medium and maximum losses of PAA elements are performed. Average value of the average deviation for parameters which is important for PAA and the beam control system design have been determined. The developed element can be used in PAA which have different sizes, forms and sectors of electrical beam scanning. Small deviations in the characteristics of PAA elements from the linearized characteristics indicate the high quality of the production and their identity, which makes it possible to create PAA without taking into account the real individual parameters of mass-produced PAA elements.
The modeling design integral the electrostatic microelectromechanical switch of capacitive type
Authors: Lysenko Igor E. , Tkachenko Alexey V. , Ezhova Olga A. , Konoplev Boris G.
Published: November 2019

This article presents the optimization and static modeling of the design an integral microelectromechanical switch of capacitive type based on a parametric 3D model using finite element analysis software complex ANSYS. The values of the pull-down voltage and switching time are determined. The obtained results give a good theoretical help in the development of various high-performance electrostatic microelectromechanical switches.
Experimental research of plotter printing of HIC thick-film conductors
Authors: Zdrok Anna , Artishchev Sergey , Loschilov Anton
Published: November 2019

The results of complex studies of the plotter printing technology of conductors intended for the manufacture of thick-film HIC are presented. The profile and geometry of the films were investigated. The electrical and mechanical parameters of the films were measured.
Microwave magnetoelectric effect in structures based on ferromagnetic metals
Authors: Tatarenko Alexander , Sokolov Oleg , Ivanov Sergey , Bichurin Mirza , Wang Yaojin
Published: November 2019

The results of a theoretical calculation of the resonant magnetizing field values for ferromagnetic resonance in thin films of nickel, iron and cobalt for frequencies of 3, 10, 30 GHz for various orientations of this field are presented. Analytical dependences of the ferromagnetic line shifts on the electric field strength are obtained for two- layer magnetoelectric composites in which PZT, PMN-PT or PZN-PT disks are used as piezoelectrics on which thin films of Ni, Fe or Co are deposited.
Possibilities of increase of gyrotron efficiency via frequency locking by external signal
Authors: Bakunin Vladimir L. , Denisov Gregory G. , Guznov Yury M. , Morozkin Michael V. , Novozhilova Yulia V. , Zuev Andrew S.
Published: November 2019

Possibility of efficiency increase of a gyrotron, which frequency is locked by an external monochromatic signal, is studied. Dependencies of orbital efficiency on cyclotron frequency resonance mismatch for different currents of the electron beam are found. It is shown that in multi-mode gyrotron there is a possibility of shifting of frequency-locking zone to the region of parameters corresponding to the optimal efficiency, so efficiency may be significantly increased compared to the free gyrotron.
Special aspects of backscattering amplitude characteristics measurement of small and ultrasmall RCS objects in Ka-band
Authors: Mozharov Eduard O. , Noniashvili Mikhail I. , Lyulyukin Konstantin V.
Published: November 2019

A bench for special aspects of backscattering amplitude characteristics measurement of small and ultrasmall RCS objects in Ka-band is presented. The RCS of quadrocopter Syma X12 are defined for ±2GHz band from different radiation directions for both vertical and horizontal polarization.
Development of practical methods for increasing electromagnetic compatibility in atmospheric radio sounding systems
Authors: Malygin Ivan , Kudinov Sergey
Published: November 2019

During the operation of atmospheric radio sounding systems, there appears a two-sided problem of electromagnetic compatibility with other radio-electronic systems for various purposes, ground, air and space based. Out-of-band emissions from upper-air radiosonde transmitters interfere with global satellite navigation systems and cellular systems. The paper presents the analysis of methods for reducing out-of-band emissions of aerological radiosondes and proposes the use of technology of spread spectrum communication systems in aerological complexes.
Using electromagnetic radiation to power autonomous sensors
Authors: Timoshen Aleksandr , Savochkin Aleksandr
Published: November 2019

The results of calculation and experimental determination of available power are presented. Power sources of autonomous sensors when exposed to electromagnetic radiation with wavelengths in decimeter and centimeter ranges. The experimental values of the parameters of the field models of antennas and electromagnetic radiation receivers designed to power autonomous sensors. The requirements for energy consumption and power supply of autonomous sensors are formulated.
Method of diagnosing frequency dispersion parameters for transionospheric propagation of wideband signals using GLONASS/GPS technologies
Authors: Ivanov Dmitry , Kislitsin Aleksey , Ryabova Maria
Published: November 2019

To solve the problem of adaptive correction for dispersion distortions of the characteristics of a wideband transionospheric channel, we developed a method of diagnosing frequency dispersion parameters using satellite data on the total electron content (TEC) of the ionosphere developed. It also considers TEC measurement stochastic error. For this reason, we performed an analysis of the limitation of the communication signal bandwidth for the case of dispersion correction with an error. It was found that the TEC measurement error that typically exists in practice allows us to spread signal bandwidth by up to three times.
Estimation of sample size influence to lengthened objects detection algorithm
Authors: Sorokin Artem K. , Vazhenin Vladimir G.
Published: November 2019

This paper is devoted to the important topic of choosing the sample size for the designed algorithm, which allows us to detect lengthened objects of the underlying terrain by the signal of the pulse radar altimeter. At first, here is given the short description of the algorithm and its distinctions form other existing algorithms. Then the abilities of the given algorithm are discussed. After all, the principle of choosing the number of samples in the train is performed. At last, the recommendations about choosing the lengthened objects, which could be detected, are presented.
Processing of radar images containing objects with significantly different radar cross-section in the onboard remote sensing complex for search and rescue operations in the Arctic Region
Authors: Garmash Vitaliy , Matveev Stanislav , Petrov Yuriy , Rogozhin Vasiliy , Rudika Stanislav
Published: November 2019

The method of adaptive nonlinear matching of dynamic ranges of radar signal and imaging device is proposed. The method is intended for use in the onboard remote sensing complexes during formation of radar images of the earth's surface. The method is aimed at increasing the visibility of small objects on the background of the underlying surface in order to simplify the procedures for their detection and identification. The computational complexity of the proposed algorithm makes it possible to use it in real time.
Unfall oder Kindesmisshandlung? Differenzialdiagnostik bei Frakturen ohne klare Ursache
Authors: Ajiri Ramona , Koerber Friederike , Banaschak Sibylle , Semler Oliver
Published: November 2019

Frakturen im Kindesalter können nicht nur Folge eines Unfalls, sondern auch einer Kindesmisshandlung sein. Diese Differenzierung ist gerade im Kleinkindalter häufig schwierig, für das weitere Vorgehen und die Zukunft der Patientin oder des Patienten aber von größter Bedeutung. Nach Anamneseerhebung und klinischer Untersuchung dienen Röntgenaufnahmen, Laborwerte und weitere Untersuchungen zur Frakturdiagnose und zum Ausschluss anderer Erkrankungen.
Neuroenhancement in Deutschland am Beispiel von vier Berufsgruppen
Authors: Müller Grit , Freude Gabriele , Kersten Norbert
Published: November 2019

Ziel der Studie Diese Studie präsentiert Prävalenzen des pharmakologischen Neuroenhancement in 4 Berufsgruppen. Ziel ist es den Zusammenhang von Neuroenhancement mit psychosozialen Arbeitsbedingungen und psychischer Gesundheit zu untersuchen.

Methodik In der Studie zum „Einfluss psychischer Belastungen am Arbeitsplatz auf das Neuroenhancement – empirische Untersuchungen an Erwerbstätigen“ wurden 4166 Beschäftigte aus vier Berufsgruppen (Ärzte, Werbefachleute, Publizisten, Softwareentwickler) in computer-gestützten Interviews befragt. Lebenszeit-, 12-Monats- und 4-Wochen-Prävalenz und korrespondierende Konfidenzintervalle werden berechnet. In Poisson-Regressionsmodellen wurde der Zusammenhang des Neuroenhancements mit psychosozialen Arbeitsbedingungen und den Indikatoren der psychischen Gesundheit geschätzt.

Ergebnisse Die Lebenszeitprävalenz des pharmakologischen Neuroenhancement beträgt 8,4%, die 12-Monats-Prävalenz 2,9% und die 4-Wochen-Prävalenz 1,3%. Unter den Berufsgruppen zeigen die Werbefachmänner, -frauen und Softwareentwicklerinnen erhöhte Prävalenzen. Für Männer zeigen sich Zusammenhänge mit den psychosozialen Arbeitsbedingungen Unterstützung durch Kollegen, Rollenklarheit, emotionale Anforderungen und Arbeitsplatzunsicherheit. Symptome des Burnouts und der depressiven Symptomatik korrelieren mit einem Zuwachs im Neuroenhancement.

Schlussfolgerungen Im Vergleich zu Stichproben der Allgemein- bzw. Erwerbsbevölkerung, sind die Prävalenzen in den untersuchten Berufsgruppen leicht erhöht. Burnout und depressive Symptomatik erscheinen als potentielle Risikofaktoren oder Folgeerscheinungen des Neuroenhancements zu fungieren.
Nickel(0)-Catalyzed [3+2]-Cycloadditions of Bis(alkylidenecyclopropanes) with Diazenes: A Facile Synthesis of Functionalized ­Pyrazolidine-1,2-dicarboxylates
Authors: Kuila Bilash , Naikoo Rayees , Mahajan Dinesh , Singh Prabhpreet , Bhargava Gaurav
Published: November 2019

A nickel(0)-catalyzed intermolecular [3+2] cycloaddition of bis(alkylidenecyclopropanes) with diazenes such as diethyl or diisopropyl azodicarboxylate gave pyrazolidine-1,2-dicarboxylates in moderate to good yields (61–72%).
Facilitating Organizational Change to Accommodate an Inpatient Portal
Authors: Walker Daniel M. , Gaughan Alice , Fareed Naleef , Moffatt-Bruce Susan , McAlearney Ann Scheck
Published: November 2019

Background Patient portals are becoming more commonly used in the hospital inpatient setting. While the potential benefits of inpatient portals are acknowledged, there is a need for research that examines the challenges of portal implementation and the development of best practice approaches for successful implementation.

Objective We conducted this study to improve our understanding of the impact of the implementation of an inpatient portal on care team members in the context of a large academic medical center. Our study focused on the perspectives of nursing care team members about the inpatient portal.

Methods We interviewed care team members (n = 437) in four phases throughout the 2 years following implementation of an inpatient portal to learn about their ongoing perspectives regarding the inpatient portal and its impact on the organization.

Results The perspectives of care team members demonstrated a change in acceptance of the inpatient portal over time in terms of buy-in, positive workflow changes, and acknowledged benefits of the portal for both care team members and patients. There were also changes over time in perspectives of the care team in regards to (1) challenges with new technology, (2) impact of the portal on workflow, and (3) buy-in. Six strategies were identified as important for implementation success: (1) convene a stakeholder group, (2) offer continual portal training, (3) encourage shared responsibility, (4) identify champions, (5) provide provisioning feedback, and (6) support patient use.

Conclusion Inpatient portals are recognized as an important tool for both patients and care team members, but the implementation of such a technology can create challenges. Given the perspectives care team members had about the impact of the inpatient portal, our findings suggest implementation requires attention to organizational changes that are needed to accommodate the tool and the development of strategies that can address challenges associated with the portal.
Total Distal Radioulnar Joint Arthroplasty for Paget's Disease of Bone
Authors: Mullett Patrick H. , Willems Joost , Christensen Thomas J.
Published: November 2019

Background Distal radioulnar joint (DRUJ) and ulnocarpal pathology, such as ulnocarpal impaction, are relatively common causes of ulnar-sided wrist pain. We herein report a rare case of ulnocarpal impaction and DRUJ arthropathy due to Paget's disease of bone (PDB) in the ulna.

Case Description A 65-year-old, right-hand-dominant male was diagnosed with right-sided ulnocarpal impaction secondary to PDB. While diagnosing the cause of this patient's ulnar wrist pain was relatively straightforward, the management of his pain and symptoms was less so. After a thorough discussion with the patient regarding medical versus surgical management, and after presenting all available surgical options, he opted for a total distal radioulnar joint arthroplasty (TDRUJA). At 3-year follow-up, his wrist is pain-free, has excellent functionality, near-normal motion, and he is highly satisfied.

Literature Review Currently, there are no specific recommendations for surgical management of PDB in the ulna, causing ulnocarpal impaction. While resection of the pathologically enlarged ulnar head (Darrach procedure) and the Suavé-Kapandji (SK) procedure are standard surgical treatment options, a major known disadvantage of these procedures is painful ulnar impingement syndrome. TDRUJA, a relatively new treatment option, provides good long-term outcomes with high patient satisfaction and protects from ulnar impingement.

Clinical Relevance Since recommendations are lacking for surgical management of PDB, we propose that the TDRUJA be considered as an effective surgical option for the management of PDB causing ulnocarpal impaction. Furthermore, this can reduce the incidence of ulnar impingement, especially for patients who have pathologically enlarged ulnas that are prone to impingement.
Elastic and bandgap modulation of hexagonal C6 from first-principles calculations
Authors: Li Shuaiqi , Shi Liwei , Zhu Haiyan
Published: November 2019

Using first-principles calculations, the structural, elastic, and electronic properties of a potential superhard material h-C6 under external forces, including hydrostatic pressure and biaxial strain, are investigated in detail. For both types of applied force, the satisfaction of elastic criteria and the positive phonon frequencies in the first Brillouin zone confirm the mechanical and dynamical stability of the material. Considerable values of the elastic moduli and elastic constants are obtained under equilibrium conditions, especially for Young’s modulus (992 GPa) and shear modulus (463 GPa). Meanwhile, all of these quantities increase (decrease) in value with increasing pressure and compressive (tensile) strain. In the Vickers hardness simulation, a microscopic model of the covalent crystal is used for each type of bond as well as for the crystal, based on a 3×3×3 supercell. The hardness of h-C6 (69.96 GPa) exceeds that of cubic boron nitride and can be enhanced by the application of pressure or compressive strain, indicating the potential of h-C6 as a novel superhard material. The infrared spectra of h-C6 are also simulated. A hybrid HSE06 functional is employed in calculations of electronic properties, which show that h-C6 is an indirect semiconductor with a bandgap energy of 2.993 eV and can be slightly modulated by external forces.
One-directional thermal transport in densely aligned single-wall carbon nanotube films
Authors: Yamaguchi Shingi , Tsunekawa Issei , Komatsu Natsumi , Gao Weilu , Shiga Takuma , Kodama Takashi , Kono Junichiro , Shiomi Junichiro
Published: November 2019

Individual carbon nanotubes (CNTs) possess extremely high thermal conductivities. However, the thermal conductivities and their anisotropy of macroscopic assemblies of CNTs have so far remained small. Here, we report the results of directional thermal transport measurements on a nearly perfectly aligned CNT film fabricated via controlled vacuum filtration. We found the thermal conductivity to be 43 ± 2.2 W m−1 K−1 with a record-high thermal anisotropy of 500. From the temperature dependence of the thermal conductivity and its agreement with the atomistic phonon transport calculation, we conclude that the effect of intertube thermal resistance on heat conduction in the alignment direction is negligible because of the large contact area between CNTs. These observations thus represent ideal unidirectional thermal transport, i.e., the thermal conductivity of the film is determined solely by that of individual CNTs.
Generation and manipulation of chiral broadband terahertz waves from cascade spintronic terahertz emitters
Authors: Chen Xinhou , Wu Xiaojun , Shan Shengyu , Guo Fengwei , Kong Deyin , Wang Chun , Nie Tianxiao , Pandey Chandan , Wen Lianggong , Zhao Weisheng , Ruan Cunjun , Miao Jungang , Li Yutong , Wang Li
Published: November 2019

Polarization shaped terahertz sources play a key factor in terahertz wireless communications, biological sensing, imaging, coherent control in fundamental sciences, and so on. Recently developed spintronic terahertz emitters have been considered as one of the next-generation promising high performance broadband terahertz sources. However, until now, polarization control, especially for twisting the circularly polarized terahertz waves at the spintronic terahertz source, has not yet been systematically explored and experimentally achieved. In this work, we not only demonstrate the generation of circularly polarized terahertz waves in cascade spintronic terahertz emitters via delicately engineering the amplitudes, applied magnetic field directions, and phase differences in two-stage terahertz beams but also implement the manipulation of the chirality, azimuthal angle, and ellipticity of the radiated broadband terahertz waves. We believe our work can help with further understanding of the ultrafast optical magnetic physics and may have valuable contributions for developing advance terahertz sources and optospintronic devices.
Local crystallographic phase detection and texture mapping in ferroelectric Zr doped HfO2 films by transmission-EBSD
Authors: Lederer M. , Kämpfe T. , Olivo R. , Lehninger D. , Mart C. , Kirbach S. , Ali T. , Polakowski P. , Roy L. , Seidel K.
Published: November 2019

The local crystal phase and orientation of ferroelectric grains inside TiN/Hf0.5Zr0.5O2/TiN have been studied by the analysis of the local electron beam scattering Kikuchi patterns, recorded in transmission. Evidence was found that the ferroelectric phase of the layers is derived from an orthorhombic phase, most likely of space group Pca21. The orientation analysis reveals a strong out-of-plane texture of the polycrystalline film which is in accordance with a high remanent polarization Pr observed for P-V measurements. The results of this analysis help us to further optimize the ratio of ferroelectric grains and their orientation for many applications, e.g., in the field of emerging memory or infrared sensors.
Energetic dependencies dictate folding mechanism in a complex protein
Authors: Liu Kaixian , Chen Xiuqi , Kaiser Christian M.
Published: November 2019

Significance

Large proteins composed of multiple domains are abundant in all proteomes, but their folding and structural dynamics remain poorly understood. Using single-molecule force spectroscopy, we have defined how stabilizing interfaces among the domains of elongation factor G (EF-G) shape its folding pathway. Contrary to the expectation that multidomain proteins fold sequentially as they emerge from the ribosome, we find that folding cannot be completed until the full protein has been synthesized. This posttranslational folding mechanism results in a propensity for misfolding. It is dictated by an energetic coupling among domains that enables conformational flexibility crucial for EF-G function. EF-G thus provides an example of how distinct biological ends—robust folding and functionally important flexibility—come into conflict during protein biogenesis.
Characterisation on Al-bearing hot-rolled TRIP steel produced through isothermal bainite transformation
Authors: Wang Xiao-hui , Kang Jian , Li Yun-jie , Yuan Guo , Misra Raja Devesh Kumar , Wang Guo-dong
Published: November 2019

In this study, an energy-efficient processing route involving hot rolling and on-line heat treatment was proposed, which is applied to Nb-alloyed and Al-containing hot-rolled TRIP steel. The experiments were carried out involving hot rolling and on-line heat treatment, where the samples were subjected to different bainite hold times. The results shows that during isothermal bainite transformation, film-like and blocky retained austenite were present in microstructures at bainite hold times of 10 and 20 min. The sample subjected to bainite hold time of 20 min exhibited excellent mechanical properties, with tensile strength of 839 MPa, total elongation of 38% and product of strength and elongation of 31.9 GPa%. The instantaneous work hardening exponent increased gradually with true strain at bainite hold time of 20 min.
Steering between level repulsion and attraction: broad tunability of two-port driven cavity magnon-polaritons
Authors: Boventer Isabella , Kläui Mathias , Macêdo Rair , Weides Martin
Published: November 2019

Cavity-magnon polaritons (CMPs) are the associated quasiparticles of the hybridization between cavity photons and magnons in a magnetic sample placed in a microwave resonator. In the strong coupling regime, where the macroscopic coupling strength exceeds the individual dissipation, there is a coherent exchange of information. This renders CMPs as promising candidates for future applications such as in information processing. Recent advances on the study of the CMP now allow not only for creation of CMPs on demand, but also for tuning of the coupling strength—this can be thought of as the enhancement or suppression of information exchange. Here, we go beyond standard single-port driven CMPs and employ a two-port driven CMP. We control the coupling strength by the relative phase ϕ and amplitude field ratio δ
0 between both ports. Specifically, we derive a new expression from input–output theory for the study of the two-port driven CMP and discuss the implications on the coupling strength. Furthermore, we examine intermediate cases where the relative phase is tuned between its maximal and minimal value and, in particular, the high δ
0 regime, which has not been yet explored.
Bi ultra-thin crystalline films on InAs(1 1 1)A and B substrates: a combined core-level and valence-band angle-resolved and dichroic photoemission study
Authors: Nicolaï L , Mariot J-M , Djukic U , Wang W , Heckmann O , Richter M C , Kanski J , Leandersson M , Balasubramanian T , Sadowski J , Braun J , Ebert H , Vobornik I , Fujii J , Minár J , Hricovini K
Published: November 2019

The growth of Bi on both the In-terminated (A) face and the As-terminated (B) face of InAs(1 1 1) has been investigated by low-energy electron diffraction, scanning tunnelling microscopy, and photoelectron spectroscopy using synchrotron radiation. The changes upon Bi deposition of the In 4d and Bi 5d
5/2 photoelectron signals allow to get a comprehensive picture of the Bi/InAs(1 1 1) interface. From the early stage the Bi growth on the A face is epitaxial, contrary to that on the B face that proceeds via the formation of islands. Angle-resolved photoelectron spectra show that the electronic structure of a Bi deposit of ≈10 bi-layers on the A face is identical to that of bulk Bi, while more than ≈30 bi-layers are needed for the B face. Both bulk and surface electronic states observed are well accounted for by fully relativistic ab initio calculations performed using the one-step model of photoemission. These calculations are used to analyse the dichroic photoemission data recorded in the vicinity of the Fermi level around the

Γ

¯

point of the Brillouin zone.
Boosting the performance of small autonomous refrigerators via common environmental effects
Authors: Manzano Gonzalo , Giorgi Gian-Luca , Fazio Rosario , Zambrini Roberta
Published: November 2019

We explore the possibility of enhancing the performance of small thermal machines by the presence of common noise sources. In particular, we study a prototypical model for an autonomous quantum refrigerator comprised by three qubits coupled to thermal reservoirs at different temperatures. Our results show that engineering the coupling to the reservoirs to act as common environments lead to relevant improvements in the performance. The enhancements arrive to almost double the cooling power of the original fridge without compromising its efficiency. The greater enhancements are obtained when the refrigerator may benefit from the presence of a decoherence-free subspace. The influence of coherent effects in the dissipation due to one- and two-spin correlated processes is also examined by comparison with an equivalent incoherent yet correlated model of dissipation.
Vesicles with internal active filaments: self-organized propulsion controls shape, motility, and dynamical response
Authors: Abaurrea-Velasco Clara , Auth Thorsten , Gompper Gerhard
Published: November 2019

Self-propulsion and navigation due to the sensing of environmental conditions—such as durotaxis and chemotaxis—are remarkable properties of biological cells that cannot be modeled by single-component self-propelled particles. Therefore, we introduce and study ‘flexocytes’, deformable vesicles with enclosed attached self-propelled pushing and pulling filaments that align due to steric and membrane-mediated interactions. Using computer simulations in two dimensions, we show that the membrane deforms under the propulsion forces and forms shapes mimicking motile biological cells, such as keratocytes and neutrophils. When interacting with walls or with interfaces between different substrates, the internal structure of a flexocyte reorganizes, resulting in a preferred angle of reflection or deflection, respectively. We predict a correlation between motility patterns, shapes, characteristics of the internal forces, and the response to micropatterned substrates and external stimuli. We propose that engineered flexocytes with desired mechanosensitive capabilities enable the construction of soft-matter microbots.
Compensatory climate effects link trends in global runoff to rising atmospheric CO2 concentration
Authors: Yang Hui , Huntingford Chris , Wiltshire Andy , Sitch Stephen , Mercado Lina
Published: November 2019

River runoff is a key attribute of the land surface, that additionally has a strong influence on society by the provision of freshwater. Yet various environmental factors modify runoff levels, and some trends could be detrimental to humanity. Drivers include elevated CO2 concentration, climate change, aerosols and altered land-use. Additionally, nitrogen deposition and tropospheric ozone changes influence plant functioning, and thus runoff, yet their importance is less understood. All these effects are now included in the JULES-CN model. We first evaluate runoff estimates from this model against 42 large basin scales, and then conduct factorial simulations to investigate these mechanisms individually. We determine how different drivers govern the trends of runoff over three decades for which data is available. Numerical results suggest rising atmospheric CO2 concentration is the most important contributor to the global mean runoff trend, having a significant mean increase of +0.18 ± 0.006 mm yr−2 and due to the overwhelming importance of physiological effects. However, at the local scale, the dominant influence on historical runoff trends is climate in 82% of the global land area. This difference is because climate change impacts, mainly due to precipitation changes, can be positive (38% of global land area) or negative (44% of area), depending on location. For other drivers, land use change leads to increased runoff trends in wet tropical regions and decreased runoff in Southeast China, Central Asia and the eastern USA. Modelling the terrestrial nitrogen cycle in general suppresses runoff decreases induced by the CO2 fertilization effect, highlighting the importance of carbon–nitrogen interactions on ecosystem hydrology. Nitrogen effects do, though, induce decreasing trend components for much of arid Australia and the boreal regions. Ozone influence was mainly smaller than other drivers.
Problems of the health status of children and atmospheric air of Gorno-Altaisk under the conditions of increasing transport load
Authors: Chanchaeva E A , Sukhova M G , Sidorov S S
Published: November 2019

The article contains a theoretical study of the problem of the children’ health status and atmospheric air under conditions of increasing traffic load. The children’s body is highly sensitive to the effects of unfavorable environmental factors, susceptible to the pathogenic effects of even subthreshold concentrations of harmful substances, which makes it possible to consider it as a kind of indicator of the state of the environment. The deterioration of the environmental state of the air of Gorno-Altaysk is associated with an increasing traffic load, solid fuel stationary sources, and transboundary pollution coming from the neighboring regions, as well as the location of the city in a mountain valley with poor natural weathering of the air basin. A comprehensive analysis of the health status of the child population in the region (depending on the degree of air pollution) is also conducted.
Experience in studying and assessing hydrological risks in the transboundary conditions of the Selenga River
Authors: Borisova T A
Published: November 2019

The article presents the results of a study of hazardous hydrological phenomena on the example of floods in the transboundary basin of the Selenga River. Based on the analysis of long-term observations of water levels, hazard indicators are identified. This allows to calculate a number of risk indicators. In terms of specific indicators, an integrated risk map has been developed. An assessment of the total economic risk from floods is given, and recommendations for their reduction are proposed.
The influence of the cultivation technology elements on the economic performance of the bare barley grain production
Authors: Rendov N , Gladkikh A , Nekrasova E
Published: November 2019

At the educational and experimental field of the Omsk State Agrarian University, the evaluation of the influence of elements of the cultivation technology of bare barley of the Omsk golozernyy variety 2 (chemical background, sowing time, and seeding rate) on the indicators of the economic efficiency of grain production was carried out. On the background without the use of chemicals, as well as when using herbicides on the background of applying nitrogen fertilizer, the cost of grain per hectare is higher when sowing the crop in the third decade of May. The use of only herbicides (without fertilizer) provided a greater cost of grain at an earlier sowing. Among the studied seeding rates, the maximum cost indicators were observed when sowing 4.5 million viable seeds per hectare. The chemical background also influenced this indicator. The cost of grain per 1 hectare increased by 3,227 rubles with the use of a tank mixture of herbicides, as well as by 4,513 rubles with their complex use with fertilizers (in comparison with the chemical background). At the same time, the strengthening of the chemical background led to an increase in costs per 1 hectare by 1,559 and 3,543 rubles, respectively. An increase in the seeding rate was also accompanied by an increase in costs. The use of herbicides did not lead to a significant change in the cost of grain, but the additional use of nitrogen fertilizer led to its growth. The level of profitability in the version with the use of a tank mixture of herbicides coincided with the option without the use of chemicals (113.1%). The application of nitrogen fertilizer reduced profitability to 81.5% despite the fact that their use was justified by an increase in grain yield. Thus, when considering specific options for the cultivation of bare barley, sowing on May 14-18 with a rate of 4.5 million viable seeds per hectare while using the Puma Super 7.5 herbicides tank mixture, EMV (0.9 l/ha) and Turbo Pruner, MD (75 ml/ha) should be allocated.
An anthropogenic impact on the atmosphere and measures taken to protect it in 1988-2017: data from the industrial Kemerovo region (a historical aspect)
Authors: Kovalevskiy A , Luchnikova Ye , Ilyashenko V
Published: November 2019

The development of industry in the Kemerovo region was accompanied by a significant increase in anthropogenic pressure, including in the form of air pollution, which ultimately leads to a decrease in the quality of life of the local population. Due to environmental legislation adopted at the federal level, a favorable trend in reducing emissions of pollutants into the atmosphere can be traced. However, in practice, the measures taken did not lead to a noticeable improvement in the quality of atmospheric air in large cities of the region. On the positive side, we should note that the environmental legislation and the centralized system for monitoring and controlling the quality of the environment were laid towards the end of the USSR existence. In the Russian period of history, financial incentives for the transition to cleaner production technologies began to be applied. The right to a favorable environment is enshrined in the Constitution of the Russian Federation.
The importance of ecotonic habitats in the spatial organization of the Late Pleistocene ecosystems of Yakutia
Authors: Protopopov A , Protopopova V , Neizvestnykh A
Published: November 2019

The mosaic of the existing vegetation cover of Yakutia in the Late Pleistocene is due to a combination of arid climate, as well as because of permafrost spreading and frequent fires. The combination of these factors creates necessary conditions for the formation of ecotone natural systems represented by dissipative plant communities. Sparse plant communities are characterized by the absence or weak expression of phytocenotic bonds. Their formation occurs stochastically under the absolute influence of external factors and is genetically entirely dependent on the surrounding vegetation, which acts as a donor of patient and ruderal species. Such processes were characteristic of the Late Pleistocene ecosystems of the Northern Hemisphere. A low productivity of such biotopes did not allow them to act as the main pastures for the representatives of the mammoth megafauna, apart from the saiga and bighorn sheep, but contributed to the increase in the biodiversity of the late Pleistocene ecosystems.
Assessing the ecological and economic state of agricultural land in the border areas of the Altai Krai
Authors: Baykalova TV
Published: November 2019

The article discusses the method of integrated assessment of ecological and economic state of agricultural land territory of the Mikhailovsky District of the Altai Krai. The joint analysis of the results of remote probing data processing, cadastral information and statistical reporting allowed us to carry out an areal assessment of lands classified according to different degrees of anthropogenic transformation. The characteristics of the areas exposed to anthropogenic influences were identified, which allowed us to isolate land with a special regime of use and adjust the ecological and economic state towards a balanced and sustainable development.
Socio-economic patterns of development planning in rural areas and targets of land management in industrial regions
Authors: Orlova A , Trapeznikova I , Tschelihina I
Published: November 2019

The article is devoted to the analysis of the influence the coal-mining industry has on the development of rural territories, as well as identifies the tasks of land management of industrial territories. The paper proposed directions for developing programs for cross-border cooperation in the framework of resettlement of those residents living in the areas undermined by mining.
Modern computer technologies in Biology: a scientific depository of phytodiversity of the transboundary territory of the Altai highland country
Authors: Vaganov A
Published: November 2019

In the modern period of biodiversity development, when studying the territory of the mountainous countries of the world, the active influence of such trends as genomics and digitalization is noted. Within Russia, Kazakhstan, Mongolia and China, the Altai highland country (AHC) is the highest uplift of North Asia, its biodiversity level is three times richer than it is in the West Siberian Plain. The collected material in the herbarium collections of the Altai State University (ASU, Barnaul) is more than 450 thousand herbarium leaves (ALTB Herbarium), and it is the biological repository of unique genetic material on AHC, along with other large depositories of the world (herbariums, zoological collections, etc.). The concerted actions of many countries of the world have already allowed to aggregate large data on the biodiversity of many mountain countries in order to ensure the sustainable development of these unique natural complexes. During our project, ASU scientists have developed a scientific depository with the possibility of integrating bio data into the Global Biodiversity Information Fund (GBIF). Today, data from ASU and other GBIF operators allow digital resources to be integrated across the whole spectrum of living organisms in the AHC, from genes to ecosystems. They allow linking them to issues important to science and society using GIS tools. Also, in this study, we produced a modern botanical and geographical zoning of the territory of the AHC, using open GIS systems (GeoJSON).
Accumulation of heavy metals with the lichen thalli of Cladonia rangiferina L. at the roadside phytocenoses of the West Siberian Subarctic
Authors: Popova E
Published: November 2019

The article reflects the results of a comparative analysis of the content and accumulation of heavy metals such as chromium, lead, nickel, zinc in the thalli of Cladonia rangiferina L. in the anthropogenic phytocenoses of the West Siberian Subarctic, Russia. The next series of accumulations of heavy metals in descending their concentrations in soils is Zn> Pb> Cr> Ni. Analysis of the results showed that among the factors affecting the accumulation of elements, the most significant wa the distance from the highway. The content of most elements is significantly (p <0.05) related. Cladonia rangiferina L. accumulates heavy metals depending on the location of the sampling point relative to the source of pollution. The coefficient of biological absorption, as well as the biogeochemical activity of the species, varies in different areas but has the greatest value in areas close to the source of anthropogenic load.
Methods of enrichment of the qualitative composition of a beef with polyunsaturated fatty acids in ecologically unstable agrarian territories
Authors: Shlykov S , Omarov R , Takhumova O
Published: November 2019

Beef is a natural carrier of beneficial n-3 PUFA (eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA, C20: 5n-3) and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA, C22: 6n-3), it is also an important source of healthy fats for human. The plant-based feeding strategies can be considered as the most appropriate and sustainable approach to increasing the content of n-3 PUFAs in beef. Taking into account the requirements for creating the pastures with high yields, productive longevity, a rapid achievement of pasture ripeness, resistance to grazing and trampling, as well as a high content of unsaturated fatty acids, a total of 3 types of herbs are selected: oat-grass + perennial sorghum + leymus. The plants were grown on the territory of the experimental pilot farm with a cut every 6 weeks and an annual fertilizer at the rate of 250 kg N per 1 hectare for 3 years. The collection of herbal material for the analysis of fatty acids was carried out in June and September 2014, 2015, and 2016. Our microscopic data showed that 2 hours after feeding on fresh grass, the protozoa had a significantly larger number of intracellular chloroplasts, which remained high and 6 hours after feeding. Therefore, data on fatty acids were correlated with the content of intraprotozoal chloroplast. These data illustrate that the absorption by protozoa of mainly plant chloroplasts occurs rapidly. More than that, the intracellular level of chloroplasts is maintained for at least 6 hours. Thus, the protozoa quickly become the main reservoir of chloroplasts and useful sources of PUFAs.
Movement modes of a fruit during vibration harvesting
Authors: Fedorenko I Ya
Published: November 2019

The article describes the movement of the fruit as a mathematical pendulum during branch vibrations. A non-linear numerical mathematical model was obtained. The article stated the presence of the fruit’s complex movements, including non-sinusoidal oscillations, oscillations-beats, rotational modes, as well as oscillations that have a stochastic appearance. Subresonances are detected at operating frequencies ω≈ pω0 (p=2,3,4,5…); at the same time, the fruit oscillates with almost its own frequency ω0
. It is established that the maximum efforts in the stem necessary for its destruction appear at a subharmonic resonance with the frequency ω≈ 3ω0
. This mode is recommended as a working one for garden vibration installations.
Ensuring energy security: global trends and Russian practice
Authors: Goncharenko L P , Lisovskaya E G , Sedova N V
Published: November 2019

The article describes the latest global trends in the field of energy security and energy efficiency. The experience of developed countries in energy efficiency, as well as experience and dynamics in the Russian Federation, are analyzed.
The environmental monitoring and management of urban greenery using GIS technology
Authors: Trubina L , Nikolaeva O , Mullayarova P
Published: November 2019

The main provisions of using GIS technologies for the environmental monitoring of urban green spaces (UGS) are described. The main factors of anthropogenic negative impact on the UGS are characterized. The paper considers the necessity of using modern methods of the Earth remote sensing and geospatial mapping for the inventory, assessment, and monitoring of environmental conditions of UGS. The principles of geoinformation modeling of UGS are characterized. The definition of UGS geospatial model is given, the tasks solved with its help are listed, the considered parameters of UGS are provided by the authors. The main stages of UGS geospatial modeling are described. A fragment of digital greening plan of Novosibirsk is presented. The paper concludes about the importance of geospatial modeling and mapping for the effective organization of environmental monitoring of UGS.
Changes in the content of low-molecular antioxidants and carbohydrates in pinus silvestris, rosa acicularis, ledum palustre in the context of the transition to winter dormancy in Yakutia
Authors: Kuzmina S , Soloveva M
Published: November 2019

The accumulation of low-molecular antioxidants and carbohydrates in three wintering plants of Yakutia in the summer-autumn period (July, August, September) was studied. Determining the content of the sum of low-molecular antioxidants (LMAO), the sum of flavonoids, ascorbic acid, and the sum of carbohydrates was conducted spectrofotometrically in the needles of pinus silvestris L. and annual shoots of ledum palustre L., rosa acicularis Lindl. The research shows that in general a decrease of temperature (a transition from summer months to autumn months) increases the content of LMAO in the three examined plants. The study also shows that an increase of the LMAO amount in the content descends to a greater extent due to the accumulation of ascorbic acid. In the dynamics of accumulation of flavonoids during the studied period, the maximum was noticed in August and followed by a decline in September. In the dynamics of the content of carbohydrates (reducing sugars), as well as the LMAO, was revealed a gradual increase in the period from July to September. The wide fluctuations in the content of the sum of LMAO, ascorbic acid, and flavonoids with decreasing temperature were found in the rosa acicularis Lindl, as well as in the sugars in the needles of pinus silvestris L. Thus, the revealed dynamics of accumulation of LMAO in wintering plants (fraction of flavonoids, ascorbic acid) in the period of preparation for the transition to winter dormancy did not show the presence of an explicit dependence on the accumulation of the main cryoprotectants of plants, i.e. carbohydrates.
Prospects for using the method of separation freezing for whey processing
Authors: Korotkiy I , Korotkay E , Neverov E
Published: November 2019

The use of cryoconcentration allows one to preserve the biological value and organoleptic properties of food products. This paper presents the results of studies on the concentration of whey by separation freezing. General patterns of separation freezing of whey in a capacitive crystallizer, the influence of the rate of ice formation, and the mass fraction of dry substances on the formed amount of whey protein concentrate are analyzed. The chemical composition of the initial serum and the resulting concentrates are determined. The mass fraction of protein in whey protein concentrate was 92% of the total dry matter. In the lactose concentrate, the dry matter content was 62.5%, the amount of pure lactose – 55.8 g/100 g concentrate.
Innovative beverage production technologies based on Amaranth biomass
Authors: Pivovarov V F , Gins M S , Gins V K
Published: November 2019

The paper presents research results aimed at finding plant raw materials, food biologically active components and reviews the possibility of their organic interaction to a form nutrient phytocomplex to create functional beverages. Using the principles of food combinatorics, we formulate the criteria of safety and usefulness of extracts, the formulation of health drinks using edible red-violet dye enriched with antioxidants from leaves and seeds of the amaranth Valentina variety. The biochemical and mineral composition of the created drink is studied.
Prerequisites for implementing the principles and tools of “green” economy in the Altai Republic
Authors: Ischuk L , Kuttubaeva T , Shvakova O
Published: November 2019

The study aims to identify the prerequisites and features of the implementation of the principles and tools of a “green” economy in the Altai Republic, one of the constituent entities of the Russian Federation. The paper suggests a number of approaches to the formation of the main stages in the implementation of the principles and tools of a “green” economy in a region. The authors also systematize the key prerequisites necessary for introducing the principles and tools of a “green” economy in the Altai Republic. The study presented in this paper will contribute to the development of priority “green” sectors in the economy of the Altai Republic.