bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
(Non)fuzziness of Identity in the Spanish-Portuguese Borderland: The Case of the Linguistic Community of A Fala de Xálima (Spain)
Authors: Dondelewski Bartosz
Published: December 2021

(Non)fuzziness of Identity in the Spanish-Portuguese Borderland: The Case of the Linguistic Community of A Fala de Xálima (Spain)This article analyses the social dynamics observable in a conversation with a minoritized language activist about the neighbouring speech communities. The study demonstrates that the local variety, along with its socially meaningful context, can be an important factor for the interactionally constructed local identity. The interviewee is a member of the community of practice of A Fala de Xálima, a Galician-Portuguese Romance minoritized language with about 5,000 speakers; they live in the Spanish province of Cáceres (on the border with Portugal). The analysis applies the ontological and epistemological principles of sociocultural linguistics in order to identify some indexical interactional orientations, such as stance and ideology. (Nie)ostrość tożsamości na pograniczu hiszpańsko-portugalskim – przypadek społeczności językowej A Fala de Xálima (Hiszpania)Celem artykułu jest analiza dynamik społecznych, które można zaobserwować w konwersacji z aktywistą na rzecz języka mniejszościowego, prowadzonej na temat sąsiednich społeczności językowych. W dalszej kolejności, celem jest ukazanie, że lokalna odmiana językowa, brana pod uwagę wraz ze swoim społecznie znaczącym kontekstem, może znacząco wpływać na lokalną tożsamość językową, budowaną w sposób interakcjonalny. Rozmowa została przeprowadzona z członkiem wspólnoty praktyki A Fala de Xálima – języka mniejszościowego należącego do galicyjsko-portugalskiej grupy języków romańskich – która liczy ok. 5000 użytkowników mieszkających w hiszpańskiej prowincji Cáceres (na granicy z Portugalią). W analizie autor posługuje się zasadami ontologiczno-epistemologicznymi tzw. językoznawstwa społeczno-kulturowego i przy ich użyciu opisuje wybrane orientacje indeksykalne o charakterze interakcjonalnym, takie jak pozycjonowania społeczne (ang. stance) i ideologie.
Piśmiennictwo religijne polskich Tatarów w okresie powojennym (1945–1989)
Authors: Łyszczarz Michał , Moch Michał
Published: December 2021

Religious Literature of Polish Tatars in the Post-War Period (1945–1989)The article opens with a general overview of the socio-political situation of the Tatars and the specificity of their religiosity in the People’s Republic of Poland (1945–1989), leading to the main part: an analysis of ephemeral religious prints created and distributed by Polish Tatars. The description of the sources is introduced with a presentation of the broad socio-political context which determined the functioning of this minority after World War II. The study characterises the basic types of religious literature of the Tatars: (a) traditional manuscripts, (b) periodicals and publishing activities, (c) ephemeral prints. It also considers the significance of these types of literature in the period between 1945 and 1989. The analysis of seven prayer books and three teaching materials provides the basis of general observations concerning ephemeral religious prints created by Polish Tatars after World War II. The analysed sources have not as yet been studied by researchers. Piśmiennictwo religijne polskich Tatarów w okresie powojennym (1945–1989)Artykuł rozpoczyna się od przybliżenia położenia społeczno-politycznego Tatarów w PRL-u oraz specyfiki ich religijności, by dojść do szczegółowych kwestii, związanych z analizą religijnych druków ulotnych opracowanych przez polskich Tatarów. Charakterystykę opartą na źródłach poprzedziło zatem przedstawienie szerokiego kontekstu społeczno-politycznego, który determinował sposób funkcjonowania tej mniejszości w Polsce po II wojnie światowej. Autorzy scharakteryzowali podstawowe typy piśmiennictwa religijnego Tatarów: a) tradycyjne rękopiśmiennictwo, b) czasopiśmiennictwo i działalność wydawniczą, c) druki ulotne. Zwrócono przy tym uwagę na znaczenie poszczególnych rodzajów piśmiennictwa w okresie 1945–1989. Charakterystyki religijnych druków ulotnych, opracowanych przez polskich Tatarów po II wojnie światowej, dokonano na przykładzie 7 modlitewników oraz 3 materiałów dydaktycznych. Dokumenty te dotąd nie były przedmiotem badań naukowych.
O polszczyźnie i wielojęzyczności społeczności polskiej w Łatgalii
Authors: Golachowska Ewa
Published: December 2021

On the Polish Language and the Multilingualism of the Polish Community in LatgaleReview Kristīne Kuņicka, Polacy i język polski w Łatgalii / Poļi un poļu valoda Latgalē [Poles and the Polish Language in Latgale], Daugavpils: Latgales Reklāma, 2020, 263 pp.This article is a review of Kristīne Kuņicka’s Polacy i język polski w Łatgalii / Poļi un poļu valoda Latgalē [Poles and the Polish Language in Latgale]. The author discusses the contemporary sociolinguistic situation of the Polish minority in Latgale, Latvia. An important aspect of the book is that it takes into consideration the Polish language of the young generation of Poles in the region. O polszczyźnie i wielojęzyczności społeczności polskiej w ŁatgaliiRecenzjaKristīne Kuņicka, Polacy i język polski w Łatgalii / Poļi un poļu valoda Latgalē, Daugavpils: Latgales Reklāma, 2020, 263 ss.Tekst O polszczyźnie i wielojęzyczności społeczności polskiej w Łatgalii jest recenzją książki Kristīne Kuņickiej Polacy i język polski w Łatgalii / Poļi un poļu valoda Latgalē. Autorka omawia współczesną sytuację socjolingwistyczną mniejszości polskiej w Łatgalii na Łotwie. Szczególnym walorem książki jest uwzględnienie polszczyzny młodego pokolenia Polaków w Łatgalii.
Profesor Iryda Grek-Pabisowa (1932–2021)
Authors: Ostrówka Małgorzata , Jankowiak Mirosław
Published: December 2021

Professor Iryda Grek-Pabisowa (1932–2021)This article presents the profile of Iryda Grek-Pabisowa, a renowned linguist, associated with the Institute of Slavic Studies, Polish Academy of Sciences for sixty years. She was a long-serving head of North Borderland Polish, and the deputy director of the Institute for two terms (1996–2003). She was a pioneer of research on the language and culture of Old Believers in Poland, and the language of Poles in Belarus and Lithuania. The most important research areas on which she focused were dialectology and lexicography: the study and description of the subdialects of Old Believers living in Poland (e.g. A Dictionary of the Dialect of Old Believers Living in Poland), the Russian language (e.g. The Great Russian-Polish Dictionary) and North Borderland Polish (7 monographs and A Dictionary of the Spoken Polish of the North-Eastern Borderland). She is the author or co-author of about 160 articles, 11 monographs and 7 dictionaries. In 1974–2003 she was associated with the journal Acta Baltico-Slavica, initially as its secretary and then editor-in-chief.  Profesor Iryda Grek-Pabisowa (1932–2021) Opracowanie przedstawia sylwetkę Irydy Grek-Pabisowej, znanej językoznawczyni przez 60 lat związanej z Instytutem Slawistyki Polskiej Akademii Nauk. Przez wiele lat kierowała Pracownią Polszczyzny Północnokresowej. Przez dwie kadencje pełniła funkcję wicedyrektorki ds. naukowych w IS PAN (1996–2003). Była prekursorką badań języka i kultury staroobrzędowców w Polsce oraz języka Polaków na Białorusi i Litwie. Do najważniejszych kierunków badawczych należały dialektologia i leksykografia: badanie i opis gwar staroobrzędowców mieszkających w Polsce (m.in. Słownik gwary starowierców mieszkających w Polsce), język rosyjski (m.in. Wielki słownik rosyjsko-polski) oraz polszczyzna północnokresowa (7 monografii oraz Słownik mówionej polszczyzny północnokresowej). Jest autorką lub współautorką około 160 artykułów, 11 monografii i 7 słowników. W latach 1974–2003 była związana z rocznikiem „Acta Baltico-Slavica”, początkowo jako sekretarz, a następnie jako redaktor naczelna.
Feminativi v luči sodobne slovenske glasbe
Authors: Markežič Tjaša
Published: December 2021

Feminitives in Contemporary Slovene Music This article focuses on the use of feminine forms derived from masculine nouns in contemporary Slovene music. Feminine nouns denoting persons were extracted from selected song lyrics and analysed in terms of their word formation. Based on the analysis of feminine forms derived from masculine nouns it is suggested that in music women are often sexualised – their overall image implies sexuality and is clearly based on male fantasies; linguistic reality often reflects social reality. Feminatywy we współczesnej muzyce słoweńskiejNiniejszy artykuł skupia się na wykorzystaniu form żeńskich pochodzących od rzeczowników rodzaju męskiego we współczesnej muzyce słoweńskiej. Rzeczowniki żeńskie oznaczające osoby wyekstrahowano z wybranych tekstów piosenek i zanalizowano pod względem słowotwórczym. Analiza form żeńskich pochodzących od rzeczowników rodzaju męskiego wskazuje, że w muzyce kobiety są często seksualizowane – ich ogólny wizerunek implikuje seksualność i jest wyraźnie oparty na męskich fantazjach; rzeczywistość językowa często odzwierciedla rzeczywistość społeczną.
Różnorodność językowa przesiedleńców z dawnych wschodnich województw II Rzeczypospolitej. Fonetyka
Authors: Augustyniak-Żmuda Gabriela
Published: December 2021

Linguistic Diversity of People Resettled from the Former Eastern Provinces of the Second Polish Republic: PhoneticsThis article is a summary of a sociolinguistic study conducted in the northern part of the Lubusz region in 2009–2019. The study concerned the linguistic diversity of people resettled after 1945 from the former eastern provinces of the Second Polish Republic to the Lubusz region. The informants were people from the oldest generation who were born between 1911 and 1942 in the former Polish administrative provinces in the east of pre-war Poland: Wilno (Vilnius), Nowogródek (Navahrudak), Polesia, Volhynia, Tarnopol (Ternopil), Lwów (Lviv), Stanisławów (today: Ivano-Frankivsk) and Białystok. As described, the interdisciplinary nature of the study required the use of several research methods: field research, biographical interview, linguistic biography, grounded theory, and methods of idiolect analysis (quantitative analysis). On the basis of the collected sociolinguistic material, the interlocutors are classified according to their self-declared primary language prior to the resettlement. This means that the linguonyms used in the article come from the language of the respondents. Accordingly, the following groups are distinguished: speakers of (1) Ukrainian and Polish, (2) Belarusian and Polish, (3) Polish and Belarusian, (4) Polish and Ukrainian, (5) Polish and Khakhlak. Based on a quantitative analysis, the article presents the linguistic diversity in the Lubusz region. Różnorodność językowa przesiedleńców z dawnych wschodnich województw II Rzeczypospolitej. FonetykaArtykuł jest podsumowaniem socjolingwistycznych badań prowadzonych na terenie północnej części województwa lubuskiego w latach 2009–2019. Badania dotyczyły różnorodności językowej wśród osób przesiedlonych po 1945 r. z dawnych wschodnich województw II Rzeczypospolitej do regionu lubuskiego. Moimi rozmówcami były osoby urodzone w latach 1911–1942 na terenie województw: wileńskiego, nowogródzkiego, poleskiego, wołyńskiego, tarnopolskiego, lwowskiego, stanisławowskiego i białostockiego. Charakter interdyscyplinarnych badań wymagał wykorzystania kilku metod badawczych. W artykule można znaleźć opis metody badań terenowych, metody wywiadu biograficznego, metody biografii językowej, metody teorii ugruntowanej oraz metody analizy idiolektów (analizy ilościowej). Na podstawie zebranego materiału socjolingwistycznego klasyfikowałam rozmówców według deklaracji wskazanego przez nich języka prymarnego przed przesiedleniem. Oznacza to, że lingwonimy użyte w artykule pochodzą z języka respondentów. W taki sposób wyróżniłam grupę deklarującą mówienie 1) po ukraińsku i polsku, 2) po białorusku i polsku, 3) po polsku i białorusku, 4) po polsku i ukraińsku oraz 5) po polsku i chachłacku. Na podstawie analizy ilościowej przedstawiam w artykule różnorodność językową w regionie lubuskim.
So What if They’re Lying to Us? Comparing Rhetorical Strategies for Discrediting Sources of Disinformation and Misinformation Using an Affect-Based Credibility Rating
Authors: Campos-Castillo Celeste , Shuster Stef M.
Published: December 2021

Despite growing research on false information, a theoretical framework to organize findings is lacking. We use affect control theory to fill this need and introduce the affect-based credibility rating for interpreting the effectiveness of rhetorical strategies in discrediting the source of falsehoods. The rating quantifies the difference in connotations between the labels used to characterize the source and an ideal, credible source. Successful discrediting amplifies the difference. We use the rating to compare rhetorical strategies for discrediting opponents as sources during rival information campaigns about the Equal Rights Amendment. We show claiming the opponent is spreading disinformation rather than misinformation (stating the opponent is spreading falsehoods deliberately, rather than unwittingly) appears more effective at discrediting, particularly when disinformation claims allege more sinister motives for lying. The new rating helps organize findings by enabling direct comparisons between strategies, thereby contributing toward efforts to detect and discredit falsehoods in media.
Estimating demand for mental health care among Australian children and adolescents: Findings from the Young Minds Matter survey
Authors: Pagliaro Claudia , Pearl Madeleine , Lawrence David , Scott James G , Diminic Sandra
Published: December 2021

Objective:

Mental health service use by individuals without a diagnosed mental disorder is sometimes termed ‘met un-need’. However, provision of services for this group may be necessary to provide appropriate assessment, referral and early intervention. This study quantified child and adolescent use of, and perceived need for, mental health services to inform population-level service planning.

Methods:

Young people in Australia’s Young Minds Matter survey ( n = 5837, 5–17 years), were categorised into four ‘need’ groups: (1) 12-month mental disorder diagnosis; (2) remitted for more than 12 months (or experiencing a condition not surveyed); (3) 12-month subthreshold mental health problem; and (4) no indication of need for help (i.e. did not meet the requirements of the first three categories). Service demand (use of, or perceived need for, a mental health service) and number of sessions received were estimated for each, separately for children (5–11 years) and adolescents (12–17 years).

Results:

Some 20.1% (95% CI: [18.6, 21.7]) of children and 32.3% (95% CI: [30.5, 34.2]) of adolescents expressed a demand for mental health services in the past year. Service demand decreased across the need groups. Perceived need without service use was higher among those with a 12-month subthreshold mental health problem (13.8/20.2%) than those who had experienced a mental health problem that had remitted for more than 12 months (or were experiencing a condition not surveyed) (9.3/12.6%). In addition, 23.6% of children and 24.6% of adolescents with a demand for mental health services were classified as experiencing no indication of need for help.

Conclusions:

This study quantified the number of children and adolescents in Australia who are likely to require mental health services. Findings suggest that not everyone in this group who has an expressed service demand meets diagnostic thresholds, but among those who do, service demand is higher.
White Philanthropy Won’t Save Black Education: Tracing an “Ordinary” Segregated School’s Life in Delaware
Authors: Lewis Brittany Lee , James-Gallaway ArCasia D.
Published: December 2021

This essay suggests examining “ordinary,” segregated Black schools from the past helps explain persistent issues in Black education at present. To demonstrate this point, the essay focuses on the shortcomings of philanthropy in education from the 1920s to the present day in Wilmington, Delaware. It asserts for Black education to thrive, a combination of adequate resources and Black control over those resources is necessary. Utilizing School No. 5, a school heretofore undocumented in scholarship, as one specific case, the authors show how this elementary school was initially overlooked by white philanthropy, only to be pervaded with it decades later. Centrally, the authors argue in both instances, whites’ actions, either by oversight or interference, hindered the holistic quality of Black children’s education; these persistent impediments to Black education, however, transpired alongside the valiant efforts and self-determination of Black educators and Wilmington’s Black community.
Service Provision in Distribution Channels
Authors: Gurnani Haresh , Singh Shubhranshu , Tang Sammi , Wang Huaqing
Published: December 2021

Consumers may need help using an inherently complex product after purchase. This article studies a manufacturer's and a retailer's incentives to provide presales service and after-sales support in a distribution channel. The authors consider a model in which a manufacturer makes wholesale price and channel service decisions. Subsequently, a retailer makes retail price and channel service decisions. They find that, in equilibrium, both channel members provide presales service. If the fixed-cost investment needed to enhance the effectiveness of after-sales support is small, the manufacturer lets the retailer provide after-sales support. Yet when it is above a threshold and the retailer becomes unwilling to invest in providing after-sales support, the manufacturer steps in and does so. As expected, when the fixed cost is too large, the manufacturer also opts out of providing after-sales support. Interestingly, when the retailer provides after-sales support, the level of presales service and the demand for after-sales support can simultaneously be the highest among all configurations. Finally, the authors demonstrate the robustness of their main results by studying alternative channel service configurations.
“Dying with a Smile, Just Knowing that Somebody’s Listened to Me”: End-Of-Life Care and Medical Assistance in Dying in Canadian Prisons
Authors: Shaw Jessica , Driftmier Peter
Published: December 2021

Medical assistance in dying (MAiD) has been legal in Canada since 2016 and some incarcerated patients who are at the end of their lives are eligible for the procedure. Interviews with nine incarcerated men at a federal penitentiary in Canada provide insight into some of the ways that people who are navigating aging and end-of-life in prison think about MAiD. Interview themes are organized around: experience with death and dying; possibilities and barriers related to applications for release from prison at end-of-life; experiences of peer-caregiving in a prison palliative care program; support for MAiD and the expansion of eligibility criteria; what a good death looks like. Themes are contextualized alongside federal guidelines related to end-of-life care (EOLC) and MAiD for prisoners, highlighting that sound policy requires both generalizable principles and attention to nuance. MAiD rests on patient voluntariness, and thus autonomy over EOLC decisions is paramount for prisoners.
Influence of the curing system on the physical-mechanical, dynamic properties, and aging resistance of ethylene–propylene–diene monomer formulations for applications at high temperatures
Authors: Hermenegildo Gislaine , Guerra Nayrim B , Giovanela Marcelo , da Silva Crespo Janaina , Carli Larissa N
Published: December 2021

The effects of three curing systems on rheometric, morphological, physical-mechanical, thermal, and dynamic properties of ethylene–propylene–diene monomer (EPDM) composites was investigated. The influence of thermo-oxidative aging on crosslink density and physical-mechanical properties was studied. Based on a standard composition for application at high temperatures, EPDM formulations with semi-efficient vulcanization systems (ES), efficient vulcanization systems (ED), and peroxide curing systems (EP) were prepared. Experimental results indicated that EPDM compounds cured with efficient vulcanization systems exhibit the highest scorch time with an intermediate maximum torque value at 150°C. The filler dispersion in the elastomeric matrix was greater than 94%; however, the ED formulation showed a more pronounced decrease, with the increase in deformation indicating a greater filler–filler interaction. In comparison with those cured with peroxide and semi-efficient systems, EPDM formulations cured with an efficient system presented better thermal resistance and the crosslink density was sufficient to maintain the mechanical integrity, leading to an intermediate hardness value, tensile strength, modulus, and greater elongation at breaking. In summary, the results indicated that the efficient curing system was the most appropriate to be used in the envelope’s manufacture, due to the better performance of the mechanical properties associated with the better resistance to thermal aging.
Policy Learning, Policy Failure, and the Mitigation of Policy Risks: Re-Thinking the Lessons of Policy Success and Failure
Authors: Leong Ching , Howlett Michael
Published: December 2021

Policy failures are often assumed to be unintentional and anomalous events about which well-intentioned governments can learn why they occurred and how they can be corrected. These assumptions color many of the results from contemporary studies of policy learning which remain optimistic that ongoing policy problems can be resolved through technical learning and lesson drawing from comparative case studies. Government intentions may not be solely oriented toward the creation of public value and publics may not abide by government wishes, however, and studies of policy learning need to take these “darksides” of policy-making more seriously if the risks of policy failure are to be mitigated.
Child-invested contingent self-esteem and parenting: exploring differentiations by child successes or failures and ethnicity/race
Authors: Busquets Marisa , Glatz Terese , Kiang Lisa , Buchanan Christy
Published: December 2021

Child-invested contingent self-esteem (CSE), or the extent to which parents derive their self-esteem from their children’s accomplishments, has wide implications for parents and the parenting context. This study investigates links between CSE and parenting behaviors and beliefs and differentiates between CSE based on children’s success versus failure. It also examines whether associations vary across ethnicity/race. Recruited through Qualtrics, participants were 1077 parents (50% fathers; 65% White, 16% Latinx, 13% Black; 6% Asian American) of children (55% boys) in 6th–12th grade. Structural Equation Modeling shows that parents who based their self-esteem on their children’s failures tended to also practice negative parenting behaviors and hold negative parental beliefs. However, parents who based their self-esteem on children’s successes reported positive behaviors and beliefs. Interactions suggest that CSE-success counteracts negative associations between CSE-failure and parenting, at least for White and Black parents. Additional differences across ethnicity/race and related implications are discussed.
Between friends: Forgiveness, unforgiveness, and wrongdoing in same-sex friendships
Authors: Boon Susan D. , Hojjat Mahzad , Paulin Mélanie , Stackhouse Madelynn R. D.
Published: December 2021

Friendships fulfill needs for intimacy, belonging, and support and yet have rarely been the focus of forgiveness research. In this study, we explored forgiveness, unforgiveness, and young adults’ experiences of transgressions in same-sex friendships ( N = 407). Our results suggest that, although forgiveness and unforgiveness share important antecedents (e.g., apology status, perceived remorse, and barriers to forgiveness), they are nevertheless empirically distinct constructs, both worthy of further investigation in friendships. For example, unforgiveness predicted unique variance in current friendship status controlling for forgiveness. We discuss several lessons learned from our study about the nature of responses to wrongdoing among same-sex friends (e.g., even when forgiven, offenses may cause longstanding changes in people’s views of their offending friends).
Effect of neuromuscular electrical stimulation on functional exercise capacity in patients undergoing cardiac surgery: A randomized clinical trial
Authors: Cerqueira Telma Cristina Fontes , de Cerqueira Neto Manoel Luiz , Cacau Lucas de Assis Pereira , de Araújo Filho Amaro Afrânio , Oliveira Géssica Uruga , da Silva Júnior Walderi Monteiro , Carvalho Vitor Oliveira , de Mendonça José Teles , de Santana Filho Valter Joviniano
Published: December 2021

Objective

To evaluate the effects of neuromuscular electrical stimulation on functional capacity of patients in the immediate postoperative period of cardiac surgery.

Design

A prospective, randomized controlled trial.

Setting

A cardiac surgery specialist hospital in Aracaju, Sergipe, Brazil. Subjects: Patients in the postoperative period of cardiac surgery.

Intervention

The control group received the conventional physiotherapy and the intervention group received neuromuscular electrical stimulation of the rectus femoris and gastrocnemius muscles bilaterally, applied for 60 min, twice a day for up to 10 sessions per patient, in the immediate postoperative period until postoperative day 5.

Main measures

The primary outcome was the distance walked, which was evaluated using the 6-min walk test on postoperative day 5. Secondary outcomes were gait speed, lactate levels, muscle strength, electromyographic activity of the rectus femoris and Functional Independence Measure, some of them evaluated on preoperative and postoperative period.

Results

Of 132 eligible patients, 88 patients were included and randomly allocated in two groups, and 45 patients were included in the analysis. No significant difference was found on the distance walked ( p = 0.650) between patients allocated in intervention group (239.06 ± 88.55) and control group (254.43 ± 116.67) as well as gait speed ( p = 0.363), lactate levels ( p = 0.302), knee extensor strength ( p = 0.117), handgrip strength ( p = 0.882), global muscle strength ( p = 0.104), electromyographic activity ( p = 0.179) and Functional Independence Measure ( p = 0.059).

Conclusions

Although the effects are still uncertain, the use of neuromuscular electrical stimulation carried out in five days didn't present any benefit on functional capacity of patients in the immediate postoperative period of cardiac surgery.
Kimera: From SLAM to spatial perception with 3D dynamic scene graphs
Authors: Rosinol Antoni , Violette Andrew , Abate Marcus , Hughes Nathan , Chang Yun , Shi Jingnan , Gupta Arjun , Carlone Luca
Published: December 2021

Humans are able to form a complex mental model of the environment they move in. This mental model captures geometric and semantic aspects of the scene, describes the environment at multiple levels of abstractions (e.g., objects, rooms, buildings), includes static and dynamic entities and their relations (e.g., a person is in a room at a given time). In contrast, current robots’ internal representations still provide a partial and fragmented understanding of the environment, either in the form of a sparse or dense set of geometric primitives (e.g., points, lines, planes, and voxels), or as a collection of objects. This article attempts to reduce the gap between robot and human perception by introducing a novel representation, a 3D dynamic scene graph (DSG), that seamlessly captures metric and semantic aspects of a dynamic environment. A DSG is a layered graph where nodes represent spatial concepts at different levels of abstraction, and edges represent spatiotemporal relations among nodes. Our second contribution is Kimera, the first fully automatic method to build a DSG from visual–inertial data. Kimera includes accurate algorithms for visual–inertial simultaneous localization and mapping (SLAM), metric–semantic 3D reconstruction, object localization, human pose and shape estimation, and scene parsing. Our third contribution is a comprehensive evaluation of Kimera in real-life datasets and photo-realistic simulations, including a newly released dataset, uHumans2, which simulates a collection of crowded indoor and outdoor scenes. Our evaluation shows that Kimera achieves competitive performance in visual–inertial SLAM, estimates an accurate 3D metric–semantic mesh model in real-time, and builds a DSG of a complex indoor environment with tens of objects and humans in minutes. Our final contribution is to showcase how to use a DSG for real-time hierarchical semantic path-planning. The core modules in Kimera have been released open source.
Learning to solve sequential physical reasoning problems from a scene image
Authors: Driess Danny , Ha Jung-Su , Toussaint Marc
Published: December 2021

In this article, we propose deep visual reasoning, which is a convolutional recurrent neural network that predicts discrete action sequences from an initial scene image for sequential manipulation problems that arise, for example, in task and motion planning (TAMP). Typical TAMP problems are formalized by combining reasoning on a symbolic, discrete level (e.g., first-order logic) with continuous motion planning such as nonlinear trajectory optimization. The action sequences represent the discrete decisions on a symbolic level, which, in turn, parameterize a nonlinear trajectory optimization problem. Owing to the great combinatorial complexity of possible discrete action sequences, a large number of optimization/motion planning problems have to be solved to find a solution, which limits the scalability of these approaches. To circumvent this combinatorial complexity, we introduce deep visual reasoning: based on a segmented initial image of the scene, a neural network directly predicts promising discrete action sequences such that ideally only one motion planning problem has to be solved to find a solution to the overall TAMP problem. Our method generalizes to scenes with many and varying numbers of objects, although being trained on only two objects at a time. This is possible by encoding the objects of the scene and the goal in (segmented) images as input to the neural network, instead of a fixed feature vector. We show that the framework can not only handle kinematic problems such as pick-and-place (as typical in TAMP), but also tool-use scenarios for planar pushing under quasi-static dynamic models. Here, the image-based representation enables generalization to other shapes than during training. Results show runtime improvements of several orders of magnitudes by, in many cases, removing the need to search over the discrete action sequences.
Co-Occurrence of Violence on the Severity of Abuse in Intimate Relationships
Authors: Ouellet Frédéric , Hetroy Emeline , Patard Guisela , Gauthier-Davies Christophe , Leclerc Chloé
Published: December 2021

Several empirical studies have shown that women who experience violence in intimate personal relationships (IPV) commonly experience more than one form of violence. While it is recognized that individual trajectories of IPV vary over time, little is known about the temporal dynamics of this co-occurrence or its consequences. This study describes the different forms of violence experienced by women and looks at whether it is possible to predict when severe violence (physical and sexual) is most likely to occur. Data in the study comes from interviews with 70 women who had been victims of intimate partner violence. The life history calendar method was used to facilitate identifying kinds and levels of violence and the month in which violence took place. Individual victimization trajectories were found to be heterogenous and likely to change in the short term. The women in our sample experienced more than one form of intimate partner violence and co-occurrence of different forms of violence was common in individual trajectories. The characteristics of the kind of violence experienced were important in understanding the temporal aspects of acts of severe violence. The increased knowledge about patterns of violence provided by these results should help to develop better ways to intervene to prevent such events.
Various welding processes for joining aluminium alloy with steel: Effect of process parameters and observations–a review
Authors: Selvamani Sirakizhanthanallur Tamilselvan
Published: December 2021

The versatile aluminium alloys and steel are being used in automotive engines (exhaust systems), pressure vessels (flanges), turbine rotors, boilers (bonnet) and in many applications. The collective effect of these two metals created a revolution and are being utilized in most of the sectors wherein joining of these two dissimilar materials are always a major challenge faced by the manufacturers. Initially, the rivets were widely used for joining dissimilar materials owing to easy installation and flexibility, but the joint interlock fails and sudden ruptures occurred when exposed to higher load. Hence, numerous welding processes like metal inert gas welding, friction stir welding, friction stir spot welding, advanced laser welding, advanced cold metal transfer welding and hybrid welding techniques have been introduced in order to conquer the above problem because of residual stresses, cracks, distortion, and undercuts. Moreover, an appropriate standardization with controlled process inputs is still an uncertainty in joining the dissimilar materials. Hence, a detailed review on joining the dissimilar metals based on aluminium alloy and steel by various welding processes and influence of their parameters on the properties have been summarized in detail which would be a reference for manufacturing industries in the coming decades.
Online self-adaptive proportional-integral-derivative control for brushless DC motor based on variable universe fuzzy inference system optimized by genetic algorithm
Authors: Kewei Song , Zhang Ze , Wang Hu , Hui Fang
Published: December 2021

In this study, we propose a novel robust online self-adaptive Proportional-Integral-Derivative (PID) control design for Brushless DC Motor (BLDCM) speed system under different operating conditions. The online adaptive tuning for PID parameters is realized accurately by optimizing the control rules of variable universe fuzzy inference with a modified genetic algorithm (GA). Based on the variable fuzzy inference theory, the method of solving contraction–expansion factor in real-time through fuzzy inference is proposed. Furthermore, the process to optimize two inference rules by GA is improved to get optimal control rules for adjusting PID parameters. Finally, multiple sets of simulations and experiments are conducted to validate the proposed controller in different conditions by building Simulink models and setting up experiment platforms. The results of this study not only demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed controller but also provide technical suggestions for the speed control of BLDCM.
An Age Simulation Program Promoting Positive Attitudes Toward Older People in Hong Kong: Further Evidence of Integration of Natural Social Network Effects
Authors: Sun Qian , Cheung Justin Chun Ting , Wan Ngai Teck Alice , Pauline Wong Shum-Yee , Lou Vivian W. Q.
Published: December 2021

Purpose: This study examines an age simulation program in Hong Kong concerning the possible integrative impacts of an experiential education approach and contact experience within a natural social network among younger individuals. Method: A sample of 1121 younger individuals participated in this study. Structural equation modeling was used to examine the impact of the age simulation program. Results: The results of structural equation modeling indicated the effective impact of the age-simulation program on promoting positive attitudes toward older adults among the younger participants ( β = 0.28, p < .001). The significant results of contact experience highlighted the way in which familial contact experience could bring about more positive attitudes toward the older adults ( β = 0.08, p < .01) than peer group contact can ( β = −0.08, p < .05). Discussion: The protocol of the presented program could provide an actionable framework for social workers and allied professionals to launch related service plans in the communities.
Research on split and evolution of acoustic cavity resonance frequency of rotating loaded tire
Authors: Hu Xiaojun , Liu Xiandong , Shan Yingchun , He Tian
Published: December 2021

The tire acoustic cavity resonance noise (TACRN) is known to contribute to audible noise in the passenger compartment of a vehicle. In order to reduce TACRN effectively, its mechanism needs to be grasped better. In this paper, the calculation formulas of tire acoustic cavity resonance frequency for four different conditions such as static unloaded tire, static loaded tire, rotating unloaded tire, and rotating loaded tire are analyzed and verified by the simulation and experiment. In particular, the resonance frequency formulas of static loaded tire introducing inflation pressure and rotating loaded tire are proposed and verified, respectively, in this paper. And the influence of tire inflation pressure, load, and running velocity on splitting frequency are studied. Some new findings are described and discussed; for example, the first-order resonance frequency may split into four resonance frequencies in most cases, and may split into three resonance frequencies in certain cases when a loaded tire is rotating. And the existing conditions for three and four resonance frequencies are also discussed.
New Spatial Imaginaries for International Curriculum Projects: Creative Diagrams, Mapping Experiments, and Critical Cartography
Authors: de Freitas Elizabeth , Sinclair Nathalie , le Roux Kate , Solares-Rojas Armando , Coles Alf , Ng Oi-Lam
Published: December 2021

This article explores the complex relational landscape of international partnerships where local and transnational education objectives are entangled. We present a methodological practice for experimenting with diagrams and maps. Our emphasis on spatial rendering of local/global relationality is intended to invite discussion about the postcolonial context of international education work and the geopolitics of transnational curriculum. We pursue a diagrammatic and archipelagic form of creative abstraction, which we present as a posthuman cartographic practice. To illustrate this practice, we focus on a specific international curriculum development project funded by the World Universities Network.
A Suitable Place to Remember? Derelict Magdalen Laundries as Possible Sites of Conscience in Contemporary Ireland
Authors: McAtackney Laura
Published: December 2021

It is less than a decade since the Irish government published the McAleese Report, which accepted the state’s role in facilitating abuse in Catholic Church-run Magdalen Laundries. At the time the then Taoiseach Enda Kenny tearfully apologizing for the state’s involvement, alongside promising redress for survivors. Although much has been achieved since that time, one aspect that has not been resolved is how we remember and memorialize that past. Of the 10 Magdalen Laundries that operated in postindependence Ireland, seven have been demolished or substantially redeveloped and three are currently in various degrees of dereliction. This article considers the potential for extant Magdalen Laundries to become sites of conscience. It will explore this potential through the lens of temporality, materiality, and spatiality and will ultimately argue for the need to explore scalar power relations if Magdalen Laundries are to truly reflect past injustices as well as become meaningful places in the contemporary.
Metamorphosis from exalted person to cultural symbol: A case study of the GOAT in tennis
Authors: Intezar Hannah , Sullivan Paul
Published: December 2021

In this article, we suggest that our semiotic understanding of embodiment could be expanded to include a socially exalted individual, who embodies a symbol. To illustrate this argument, we draw on an ongoing research project that examines fandom rhetoric and debates around the ‘Greatest of all time’ or the GOAT symbol in Tennis. Grounding Bakhtin’s tri-distinctions of identity, I-for-myself, I-for-other and other-for-me, in a Kantian hermeneutic tradition, we perform a theoretically informed analysis of the GOAT debate. None of the three tri-components exists in isolation; rather, they interact in a reflexive dialogue which continually shapes and re-shapes individual consciousness and experiences of embodiment. We apply a ‘romanticism aesthetic activity’ analytical framework to the tri-distinctions of identity, that consists of ‘creative’ and ‘critical’ rhetoric, within which we found genres of ‘myth’, ‘art’ and ‘science’. Each genre functions through disparate means to exalt or metamorphise an individual (our focus is on Roger Federer) into a cultural symbol, and that the symbolic form of GOAT reflexively organises the emotional field and identities for those fans deeply invested in it. This article contributes to the current cultural psychological literature on understanding the mediation of people to symbols in a new digital age.
Interactive documentary and the reinvention of digital journalism, 2015–2020
Authors: Dowling David O
Published: December 2021

Interactive documentary (i-docs), an innovative hybrid form at the intersection of film, journalism, and digital games, has matured beyond its first wave of experimentation, gaining distinction among the most highly evolved immersive media of the twenty-first century. The latest generation of i-docs is currently winning accolades at both major film festivals and game design summits. This study charts the evolutionary trajectory of North America’s most recent and influential wave of i-docs in works mostly appearing since 2015. It culturally situates i-docs as immersive media that extend experimentation with narrative journalism into the realm of fine art and social activism. Building on the foundation of activist, highly empathic news experiences established in the early 2010s, the most recent advances in i-docs range from live action VR to animated digital games. Such works include the Canadian National Film Board’s 2018 AR (augmented reality) experience East of the Rockies, Occupied’s 2019 Cannes entry The Holy City VR, Roger Ross Williams’ 2019 Tribeca debut Traveling While Black, and iNK Stories Verité VR Series’ 2017 Blindfold and Hero, winner of the prestigious Storyscapes Award at Tribeca in 2018. The vanguard of i-docs has expanded collaboration between film, news, and digital game industries to provide new forms of citizen engagement through advocacy journalism aimed at social and political change. Through the use of John Pavlik’s (2019) critical framework for understanding immersive journalism, this article examines the texts, producers, and industrial contexts of the most recent and influential North American i-docs, as one branch of the form defined by Gaudenzi, Aston, and Rose. Principles of transparency, social responsibility, and a commitment to veracity in i-docs epitomize the esthetic and political potential of digital journalism as an empathic alternative to traditional news coverage.
Comparison of inpatient spending and readmission rates for patients treated by male versus female physicians in China: An observational study
Authors: Shen Menghan , Li Linyan , Wu Yushan , Yang Yuanfan
Published: December 2021

Objective

To determine whether there are significant differences in costs of treatment and readmission rates for hospital consultations undertaken by female versus male physicians in China.

Methods

Using data from the Urban Employee Basic Medical Insurance program from January 2018 through October 2019, we investigated spending patterns and clinical outcomes for patients at tertiary hospitals in one of the largest cities in China by the gender of the attending physician. Our sample included 79,085 hospitalizations treated by 3993 physicians in internal medicine departments. We examined the association between physician gender and visit cost using a multivariable linear model. We examined the association between physician gender and 30-days readmission rates using a multivariable probability model. We adjusted for a rich set of patient characteristics, primary diagnosis fixed effects, and hospital fixed effects. In addition, we used patient fixed effects in a robustness analysis.

Results

Adjusting for primary diagnosis fixed effects, spending per visit was 4.1% higher for patients treated by male physicians than for those treated by female physicians, a statistically significant difference (95% CI [1.5%, 6.7%]). This pattern persisted after further adjusting for hospital fixed effects (3.2% [1.2%, 5.2%]), patient characteristics (3.2% [1.2%, 5.1%]), and patient fixed effects (4.2% [1.8%, 6.7%]). The difference is mainly driven by higher spending on drugs (8.7% [3.9%, 13.6%]) and out-of-pocket costs (3.9% [1.7%, 6.0%]). No statistically significant differences were observed in the readmission rates of patients treated by male and female physicians in any of our three model specifications.

Conclusions

Spending per visit was significantly higher among patients treated by male physicians than among those treated by female physicians, with the difference mainly driven by spending on drugs and out-of-pocket costs. No significant difference was observed in the hospital readmission rates of patients treated by male and female physicians. These findings have important implications for gender equality in medicine and health care quality and efficiency in developing countries.
Telemedicine for veterans in the setting of the COVID-19 pandemic: Lessons learned from a virtual urgent care center
Authors: Sikka Veronica , King Christian , Klinker Suzanne , Mont Theresa , Sommers-Olson Bonnie , Hunt Bruce E , Davis Stacey , Fonseca Jennifer
Published: December 2021

Introduction

Although telemedicine was predominantly adopted during the COVID-19 pandemic, its impact on healthcare outcomes in the veteran population in achieving first contact resolution, or the ability to safely manage patient care at home from an urgent care perspective, is yet to be determined.

Methods

This study included 13,090 veteran patient episodes who presented to the Department of Veteran's Affairs Veterans Integrated Services Network 8's Clinical Contact Center, a virtual urgent care organization covering South Georgia, Florida, and U.S. Virgin Islands in providing episodic care, between March 2020 and February 2021. Multivariate logistic regression estimated the probability that veterans with COVID-19-related symptoms stayed at home compared to presenting to the emergency department (ED) or their primary care provider.

Results

Patients with COVID-related symptoms were 33% less likely to present to the ED compared to patients who presented with non-COVID-related symptoms.

Discussion

The virtual urgent care center enabled veterans to receive timely care and avoid public places that could potentially lead to a COVID-19 infection or infecting others.