bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Case report: hibernoma, a rare male breast mass
Authors: Sajdlowska Joanna , Fawole Funmilayo , Patel Anjeli , Radwan Nawras , Yang James , Christian Derick
Published: December 2024

Hibernomas are rare, benign neoplasms characterized by the presence of brown adipose tissue. Although these tumors may arise in any region of brown fat, they predominantly occur in the thigh, shoulder, back, and neck. Hibernomas are rarely found in mammary tissue, with a higher prevalence in females than males. This case report highlights a unique presentation of a 20 cm hibernoma mass found in the right breast of a 31-year-old male. A diagnostic bilateral mammogram, unilateral MRI, and ultrasound were used to evaluate the mass. The patient underwent an intra-operative ultrasound-guided needle biopsy and left total mastectomy, revealing the diagnosis of hibernoma with fat necrosis. This report aims to delineate the pathological, diagnostic, and clinical features associated with breast hibernomas and to offer a comprehensive review of the literature on the subject. This case report also serves to expand the differential for breast mass in male patients, with a focused aim to prevent delayed diagnosis and treatment.
Green synthesis of novel chitosan-graphene oxide-silver nanoparticle nanocomposite for broad-spectrum antibacterial applications
Authors: Naser Hamsa N , Fadhil Mulamahawsh Anfal , Abd Zaid Hassoun Tebark , Ahmed Rafea Tuama , Al-Nafiey Amer
Published: December 2024

In this study, a novel nanocomposite composed of chitosan, graphene oxide, and silver nanoparticles (CS-GO-Ag NPs) is presented and synthesized using pulsed laser ablation. Characterization techniques, including X-ray diffraction (XRD), Field Emission Scanning Electron Microscopy (FE-SEM), Energy Dispersive Spectroscopy EDX, and UV-visible spectroscopy, confirm successful synthesis. The XRD results reveal that the CS-GO-Ag NPs exhibit crystalline structures with an average crystallite size of approximately 30 nm. FE-SEM analysis shows a heterogeneous mixture of nanoparticles, ranging in size from 32.38 to 174.9 nm. The EDX spectra elucidate the elemental composition, while UV-Vis spectroscopy indicates strong interactions among the components, yielding a direct bandgap of 2.33 eV and an indirect bandgap of 1.2 eV, suggesting efficient light absorption and emission for applications in Light emitted Diode (LEDs) and solar cells. Furthermore, the CS-GO-Ag NPs nanocomposite displays enhanced antibacterial activity against both gram-negative and gram-positive bacteria when it compared to its individual components. According to characterization tests, well-dispersed silver nanoparticles were formed into a ternary nanocomposite, successfully. The enhanced antibacterial capabilities including increased bacterial cell membrane disruption and oxidative stress can be attributed to the synergistic interaction between the components. The outcomes highlight the CS- GO-Ag NPs nanocomposite's potential as a promising antimicrobial agent for numerous applications including the biomedical fields and water treatment industries.
Ambivalent Accommodation: The Politics of Religious Leaders and the Hybrid Regime in Uganda
Authors: Manglos-Weber Nicolette D
Published: December 2024

This paper explores the political approaches of community-based Christian and Muslim leaders in Uganda, using interview data from 2017 to 2021. It extends theories about when and why religious leaders mobilize for political reform, updated to reflect the rise of the “hybrid regime” in Africa and recent evidence of religious de-politicization. I find Ugandan community-based religious leaders’ approaches range from political avoidance, to ambivalent accommodation, to political activism; with the dominant approach being ambivalent accommodation of the hybrid regime. I argue this approach reflects both a desire to protect their social welfare activities from government retaliation, and their perception of political activity as associated with divisive partisanship; even as they express growing concerns about human rights abuses and corruption. These findings thus show the unique challenges of the neoliberal hybrid authoritarian state for religiously led political movements.
Travel Health Nursing
Authors: Stonecipher Diane
Published: December 2024

These nurses provide care for people embarking on travel.
Critical Appraisal of Evidence: Synthesis and Recommendations
Authors: Farus-Brown Susan , Fineout-Overholt Ellen , Hays Deana , Zonsius Mary C. , Milner Kerry A.
Published: December 2024

This is the fifth article in a new series designed to provide readers with insight into educating nurses about evidence-based decision-making (EBDM). It builds on AJN's award-winning previous series—Evidence-Based Practice, Step by Step and EBP 2.0: Implementing and Sustaining Change (to access both series, go to https://links.lww.com/AJN/A133). This follow-up series on EBDM will address how to teach and facilitate learning about the evidence-based practice (EBP) and quality improvement (QI) processes and how they impact health care quality. This series is relevant for all nurses interested in EBP and QI, especially DNP faculty and students. The brief case scenario included in each article describes one DNP student's journey. To access previous articles in this EBDM series, go to https://links.lww.com/AJN/A256.
Time for an “Early” Journal Celebration
Authors: Kirton Carl A.
Published: December 2024

AJN enters its 125th year as the leading voice in nursing.
COVID-19 Infection Shown to Increase the Risk of Adverse Cardiac Events
Authors: Roush Karen
Published: December 2024

Elevated risk can last for several years after infection.
Adjacent Level Canal Area Changes up to 2 years after Lumbar Spinal Stenosis Decompressive Surgery
Authors: Brisby Helena , Myklebust Tor Åge , Banitalebi Hasan , Austevoll Ivar , Aaen Jorn , Storheim Kjersti , Hellum Christian , Franssen Eric , Indrekvam Kari , Hermansen Erland
Published: December 2024

Study Design.

A secondary analysis of data from the NORDSTEN-spinal stenosis trial (SST)

Objective.

The aim of the present study was to investigate whether the dural sac cross-sectional area (DSCA) on magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) of adjacent segments decreases after decompressive surgery due to lumbar spinal stenosis (LSS) up to 2 years postoperatively, and to investigate possible associations with baseline variables, including preoperative patient and radiological characteristics, and surgical method used.

Summary of Background Data.

Decompressive surgery for LSS is currently the most common spinal surgery procedure; however, there is limited knowledge on changes in the DSCA over time adjacent to a decompressed segment.

Methods.

In the NORDSTEN-SST 437 patients were randomized to decompression with one of three minimally invasive surgical methods for LSS. The patients underwent MRI of the lumbar spine (L2-L5) before surgery and at 3 and 24 months postoperatively. Descriptive statistics of adjacent DSCA and changes in adjacent DSCA are presented. Possible prognostic factors (preoperative factors, radiological measures, and surgical method) for changes in the adjacent DSCA were examined using multivariate regression analyses.

Results.

322 patients (74%) in the original NORDSTEN-SST had undergone MRI at both 3 and 24 months postoperatively and were included (360 adjacent levels, 263 cranial, and 97 caudal to a decompressed level). Up to 2 years postoperatively, no decrease in adjacent DSCA was observed. No associations were found between the investigated baseline variables, and DSCA change from 0 to 2 years, except for a weak association with baseline adjacent DSCA.

Conclusion.

Up to 2 years postoperatively, the DSCA did not decrease at adjacent levels after decompressive surgery. None of the investigated baseline variables showed any clinical meaningful prognostic value regarding adjacent DSCA changes 2 years postoperatively. The findings support previous reports that decompression of adjacent levels is not required to prevent subsequent stenosis.
Application of large language models in disease diagnosis and treatment
Authors: Yang Xintian , Li Tongxin , Su Qin , Liu Yaling , Kang Chenxi , Lyu Yong , Zhao Lina , Nie Yongzhan , Pan Yanglin
Published: December 2024

Large language models (LLMs) such as ChatGPT, Claude, Llama, and Qwen are emerging as transformative technologies for the diagnosis and treatment of various diseases. With their exceptional long-context reasoning capabilities, LLMs are proficient in clinically relevant tasks, particularly in medical text analysis and interactive dialogue. They can enhance diagnostic accuracy by processing vast amounts of patient data and medical literature and have demonstrated their utility in diagnosing common diseases and facilitating the identification of rare diseases by recognizing subtle patterns in symptoms and test results. Building on their image-recognition abilities, multimodal LLMs (MLLMs) show promising potential for diagnosis based on radiography, chest computed tomography (CT), electrocardiography (ECG), and common pathological images. These models can also assist in treatment planning by suggesting evidence-based interventions and improving clinical decision support systems through integrated analysis of patient records. Despite these promising developments, significant challenges persist regarding the use of LLMs in medicine, including concerns regarding algorithmic bias, the potential for hallucinations, and the need for rigorous clinical validation. Ethical considerations also underscore the importance of maintaining the function of supervision in clinical practice. This paper highlights the rapid advancements in research on the diagnostic and therapeutic applications of LLMs across different medical disciplines and emphasizes the importance of policymaking, ethical supervision, and multidisciplinary collaboration in promoting more effective and safer clinical applications of LLMs. Future directions include the integration of proprietary clinical knowledge, the investigation of open-source and customized models, and the evaluation of real-time effects in clinical diagnosis and treatment practices.
Associations between neonicotinoids and inflammation in US adults using hematological indices: NHANES 2015–2016
Authors: Godbole Amruta M. , Chen Aimin , Vuong Ann M.
Published: December 2024

Background:

Toxicological studies suggest neonicotinoids increase oxidative stress and inflammation, but few epidemiological studies have explored these effects.

Methods:

National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) 2015–2016 data were used to estimate associations between neonicotinoid exposure and inflammatory markers, including the C-reactive protein-to-lymphocyte count ratio (CLR), monocyte-to-high-density lipoprotein ratio (MHR), monocyte-to-lymphocyte ratio (MLR), neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio (NLR), derived NLR (dNLR), lymphocyte-to-monocyte ratio, platelet-to-lymphocyte ratio (PLR), and systemic immune-inflammation index (SII) using linear and multinomial logistic regression models. Sex was evaluated as a potential modifier.

Results:

Detection of any parent neonicotinoid (β = −0.62, 95% confidence interval [CI] = −0.98, −0.26) and imidacloprid (β = −0.48, 95% CI = −0.87, −0.10) was associated with decreased CLR. Clothianidin was linked to reduced MLR (β = −0.04, 95% CI = −0.07, −0.02), but increased lymphocyte-to-monocyte ratio (β = 0.52, 95% CI = 0.27, 0.77). Higher dNLR (β = 0.85; 95% CI = 0.26, 1.43) was noted with detection of any neonicotinoid metabolite. Moderately high PLR was observed with detection of any neonicotinoid metabolite (relative risk ratio [RRR] = 1.63, 95% CI = 1.27, 2.09) or 5-hydroxy-imidacloprid (RRR = 2.19, 95% CI = 1.40, 3.41). Sex-modified analyses showed positive associations in males and inverse associations in females for MHR (P

int
= 0.099, clothianidin), PLR (P

int
= 0.026, clothianidin), and SII (P

int
= 0.056, any parent neonicotinoid; P

int
= 0.002, clothianidin), while the opposite pattern was noted with CLR (P

int
= 0.073, any parent neonicotinoid) and NLR (P

int
= 0.084, clothianidin).

Conclusion:

Neonicotinoids may be associated with inflammatory changes, with potential sexual dimorphism. Further studies are required to explore these findings.
Pilot Study: Human Adipose Tissue Allograft for Fat Pad Defects in Patients With Preulcerative Lesions
Authors: Regulski Matthew J. , Saunders Molly C. , McCulloch Sharron E. , Danilkovitch Alla
Published: December 2024

Background:

Loss or displacement of a fat pad on the foot increases plantar pressure, leading to pain and plantar ulcers. These ulcers, especially in patients with diabetic neuropathy, have high recurrence rates, often resulting in amputations. Standard of care focuses on reducing plantar pressure with shoe padding or orthotic devices, leaving the restoration of the fat pad as an unmet medical need. To address this, a human cryopreserved adipose tissue (hCAT) allograft has been developed to repair adipose tissue defects.

Methods:

Scientific characterization of hCAT included assessments of its structural properties, immunogenicity, persistence, and remodeling in both in vitro and in vivo models. The incidence of adverse events and ulcer recurrence was analyzed retrospectively in 12 patients with diabetic neuropathy with preulcerative lesions who received 1.5–3.0 mL subcutaneous hCAT implants in areas with fat pad defects.

Results:

When implanted in patients, hCAT remained palpable at the implantation sites, and no ulcerations occurred for an average of 6.4 months (range, 2–10 months). No product-related adverse events have been recorded to date. Long-term follow-up for implanted patients is ongoing.

Conclusions:

Use of hCAT seems to be safe and potentially beneficial for managing patients at risk for plantar ulcerations. Further studies are warranted to evaluate hCAT’s potential to manage patients at high risk for plantar ulcer formation.
BSReadSim: a versatile and efficient simulator to generate realistic bisulfite sequencing reads
Authors: Guo Wenbin , Pellegrini Matteo
Published: December 2024

Realistic bisulfite sequencing simulators are crucial for advancing method development in computational epigenetics. However, existing tools often fall short due to oversimplified generative models that fail to capture the complexity of real data. We present BSReadSim, an efficient and versatile simulator that generatesrealistic bisulfite sequencing reads. BSReadSim excels in integrating reference genetic variants and methylation profiles, offering unmatched versatility across multiple sequencing technologies, including WGBS, RRBS, and TBS. By accurately modeling methylation patterns, sampling biases, sequencing errors, and leveraging optimized implementation, BSReadSim efficiently generates realistic synthetic datasets tailored to specific experimental needs while maintaining computational feasibility. By enhancing the realism and flexibility of bisulfite sequencing simulations, BSReadSim supports improved experiment design, method development, and benchmarking of computational tools, ultimately advancing the reliability and rigor of DNA methylation analysis tools.
A novel nitric oxide (NO)-dependent ‘molecular switch’ mediates LTP in theOctopus vulgarisbrain through persistent activation of nitric oxide synthase (NOS)
Authors: Turchetti-Maia Ana Luiza , Shomrat Tal , Bidel Flavie , Stern-Mentch Naama , Nesher Nir , Hochner Binyamin
Published: December 2024

Cephalopods are a renowned example of the independent evolution of complex behavior in invertebrates. The octopus’s outstanding learning capability is a prominent feature that depends on the vertical lobe (VL). Previously, we found that the synaptic input into the VL exhibits robust activity-dependent long-term potentiation (LTP) mediated by molecular processes that are only partially understood. Here, we reveal that the VL LTP is mediated by nitric oxide (NO). In contrast to the prevailing dogma, in the octopus VL, NO does not mediate LTPinduction, as tetanization-induced LTP occurs even in the presence of NO-synthase (NOS) inhibitors. Remarkably, however, NOS inhibitors block the long-term presynaptic expression of LTP, and high doses of NO donor induce short-term synaptic potentiation, suggesting that a persistent elevation of NO concentration mediates LTPexpression. Moreover, in a distinct group of synapses, NOS inhibitors also disrupted LTP maintenance, as following drug washout, a high-frequency stimulation reinstated full LTP, suggesting that NO is also involved in maintaining LTP. We propose a novel molecular-switch mechanism whereby a positive feedback loop of NO-dependent NOS reactivation mediates persistent NOS activation, thus providing an LTPmaintenancemechanism. Subsequently, retrograde NO diffusion facilitates presynaptic transmitter release, driving LTPexpression. These findings demonstrate how evolutionary adaptation of molluscan molecular mechanisms has contributed to the emergence of the advanced cognitive abilities observed in octopuses.
Metagenomic analysis of age-dependent microbial dynamics in dual-media rapid sand filters treating groundwater
Authors: Boersma Alje S. , Haukelidsaeter Signe , Naletto Francesca , Slomp Caroline P. , van der Wielen Paul W.J.J. , van Kessel Maartje A.H.J. , Lücker Sebastian
Published: December 2024

Biofiltration using rapid sand filters is an often used and highly effective method to produce drinking water from anoxic groundwater, yet the microbial processes underlying contaminant removal remain poorly understood. This study used metagenomic sequencing to analyze the microbial communities of dual-media filters of varying ages, yielding 34 high-quality and 177 medium-quality metagenome-assembled genomes (MAGs), including 102 MAGs harboring genes involved in methane, iron or manganese oxidation, and nitrification. Methanotrophic bacteria from theMethylomonadaceaefamily were abundant in both the youngest and oldest anthracite layers. The dominant methanotroph shifted from a MAG possessing both soluble and particulate methane monooxygenases in the two-month-old filters to MAGs only containing particulate methane monooxygenases in older filters, possibly due to changes in copper availability. Iron oxidation was restricted to the anthracite layer and linked predominantly toGallionella, which encoded cluster 1 outer membrane cytochromes Cyc2.GallionellaMAGs also became more abundant with filter age, indicating increasing relevance of biological iron oxidation in mature filters. The nitrifying community was dominated byNitrosomonasand CandidatusNitrotogain the two-month-old filter, with the latter being replaced byNitrospiraas the most abundant NOB in older filters. CanonicalNitrospirafar exceeded comammoxNitrospirain abundance, except in the oldest sand layers. These results challenge the previously posed assumption thatNitrospiradominance in rapid sand filters is primarily due to comammox activity. Furthermore, it indicates that long operational times are required for comammoxNitrospirato achieve significant abundance. Intriguingly,NitrospiraMAGs contained multi-copper oxidase-type putative manganese oxidases and cluster 3cyc2genes. Phylogenetic analysis could not conclusively link theNitrospiraCyc2 to iron or manganese oxidation, warranting further study of their role in the removal of these compounds. Overall, these findings reveal dynamic, age-dependent changes in microbial communities and their functions within rapid sand filters, offering new targets for physiological studies of bacteria involved in contaminant removal from anoxic groundwater during drinking water production.

HIGHLIGHTS

Methanotrophic community shifts between young and mature rapid sand filters.

Cluster 1 Cyc2-encodingGallionellamediate biological iron oxidation.

CandidatusNitrotoga andNitrosomonasdominate nitrification in young filters.

ComammoxNitrospirabecome abundant after prolonged operational periods.

CanonicalNitrospira, not comammox, constitute highNitrospiraabundances.

Abundant cluster 3 Cyc2-containingNitrospiramight catalyze metal oxidation.
Structure-Based Design of Small-Molecule Inhibitors of Human Interleukin-6
Authors: Joshi Ankit , Xiao Zhousheng , Suman Shreya , Cooper Connor , Ha Khanh , Agarwal Rupesh , Carson James A. , Quarles L. Darryl , Smith Jeremy C. , Gupta Madhulika
Published: December 2024

Human Interleukin-6 (hIL-6) is a pro inflammatory cytokine that binds to its receptor, IL-6Rα followed by binding to gp130 and subsequent dimerization to form a hexamer signaling complex. A critical inflammation mediator, hIL-6 is associated with a diverse range of diseases and monoclonal antibodies are in clinical use that either target IL-6Rα or hIL-6 to inhibit signaling. Here, we perform high throughput structure-based computational screening using ensemble docking for small molecule antagonists for which the target conformations were taken from 600 ns long molecular dynamics simulations of the apo protein. Prior knowledge of the contact sites from binary complex studies and experimental work was incorporated into the docking studies. The top 20 scored ligands from thein silicostudies after post analysis were subjected toin vitrofunctional assays. Among these compounds, the ligand with second-highest calculated binding affinity showed experimentally ∼84% inhibitory effect on IL6-induced STAT3 reporter activity at 10-5molar concentration. This finding may pave the way for designing small molecule inhibitors of hIL-6 of therapeutic significance.
Perceived value and pressure: drivers or barriers? A study on physicians’ continuous intentions in online health communities
Authors: Zhao Shuping , Liu Shuyu , Xie Yuguang , Zhou Peiyu , Lu Wenxing , Ma Yiming
Published: December 2024

Purpose

The purpose of this paper is to explore the impact of multidimensional perceived value and perceived pressure on physicians’ continuous intention to use (CIU) online health communities (OHCs) based on perceived value (PV) theory and conservation of resources (COR) theory.

Design/methodology/approach

This study developed a research model to test the proposed hypotheses, and the proposed model was tested using partial least squares structural equation modelling (PLS-SEM) for which data were collected from 481 physicians with OHC experience using an online survey.

Findings

The empirical results show the following: (1) Physicians’ CIU is influenced by perceived value and perceived pressure, with attitude towards OHCs using (ATU) playing a crucial role in the pathways. (2) Additional value, work pressure, peer pressure and social pressure have a positive impact on CIU, with consultation value, relationship value, work pressure and peer pressure positively influencing CIU through ATU as a mediator. (3) Reputation value has a positive effect on CIU moderated by seniority (online seniority and offline seniority).

Originality/value

This study emphasises the importance of different dimensions of perceived value and perceived pressure in CIU. Meanwhile, we broaden the research scope of PV theory and COR theory and provide inspiration to OHC managers and healthcare institution managers.
A method for designing face shields using dynamic 3D head data
Authors: Kang Yeonghoon , Kim Sungmin
Published: December 2024

Purpose

To analyze the changes in craniofacial morphology during speaking and wearing masks using three-dimensional head data and to develop a design method for ergonomic face shields.

Design/methodology/approach

Around six types of face postures for three-dimensional measurement were selected; a total of 180 head data of 40 men in their 20s and 30s were used. About 17 landmarks and 23 body dimensions were measured for analysis.

Findings

Among the 23 anthropometric dimensions, eight in posture “a,” two in posture “i,” seven in posture “u,” ten in KF94 and ten in N95 were found to change significantly. Previous studies and public health recommendations selected three key dimensions for face shield design. A face shield design method using selected dimensions as parameters was developed.

Social implications

To improve public health and enhance social interaction during pandemics or in environments requiring facial protection. This can lead to increased compliance with public health guidelines and reduce discomfort and communication barriers caused by ill-fitting face shields.

Originality/value

By developing an ergonomic face shield design that accommodates variations in craniofacial morphology during speaking and mask, the study addresses the need for more comfortable and effective protective equipment. The face shield designed using the methodology developed in this study was verified on a digital head model to demonstrate a good fit.
Green transformational leadership theory and practice in Italian luxury hotels: toward environmental performance and green image
Authors: Aslam Nadia , Sahibzada Umar Farooq , Ahmad Muhammad Shakil , Stevenson Anthony
Published: December 2024

Purpose

Drawing upon the natural resource-based view (NRBV) and social cognitive theory (SCT), the present study explores the role of green learning orientation (GLO) and green creativity (GC) as a mediating variable in the relationship between green transformational leadership (GTL) and green innovation (GI) in the Italian hotel industry. The research further assesses environmental performance (EP) and corporate green image (CGI) as a resultant factor of GI.

Design/methodology/approach

Two studies were conducted in Italy to evaluate theoretical models with workers in the lodging industry. Study 1 employed a three-wave, two-week time-lagged design with a total sample size of 303. Study 2 utilized a two-wave (four-week apart) design, with 349 participants using structural equation modeling.

Findings

The research findings emphasize that the enhancement of employees’ GLO and GC can be facilitated by providing GTL. This, in turn, may lead to the enhancement of GI, which improves the EP and CGI of a hotel.

Originality/value

The study comprehensively analyzes the previously unexamined relationships of employee-driven factors associated with GLO and GC. These factors are essential for promoting GI through GTL, ultimately enhancing EP and CGI. Therefore, it contributes by explaining previously unexplored employee and organizational factors in a unified model, utilizing time-lagged data, and enhancing the understanding of how organizations can elevate EP and CGI, particularly within the Italian hospitality sector.
Quality as the cornerstone in hybrid business models: building brands and shaping consumer behaviour
Authors: Budhiraja Mikul , Mittal Ishwar
Published: December 2024

Purpose

This research explores how perceived product and service quality affect brand equity within hybrid business models, particularly in the automotive industry. Additionally, it examines how brand equity influences consumer behavioural intentions, emphasising the mediating role of consumer satisfaction.

Design/methodology/approach

A quantitative approach was utilized, employing a survey to gather data from a diverse sample of automobile consumers in India’s National Capital Region. PLS-SEM was applied to analyse the relationships among the constructs.

Findings

The results indicated that product and service quality significantly enhanced brand equity, with service quality exerting a more substantial influence. Furthermore, brand equity positively influenced consumer behavioural intentions, such as repurchase intentions and word-of-mouth referrals, with consumer satisfaction as a partial mediator in this relationship.

Originality/value

This research pioneers a fresh perspective by delving into hybrid business models that integrate products and services, providing a comprehensive understanding of how perceived quality builds brand equity, which in turn drives favourable consumer behaviours. Notably, the study integrates three theoretical frameworks, consumer empowerment, the compensatory effect and the theory of reasoned action, to offer deeper insights into research on quality, brand management and consumer behaviour within the automotive context.
Making the default more legitimate – the role of autonomy and transparency for digital privacy nudges
Authors: Janson Andreas , Barev Torben Jan
Published: December 2024

Purpose

This paper examines the concept of digital privacy nudging, a promising approach from behavioral economics that uses subtle cues to influence people’s decisions online. We research the concepts of autonomy and transparency for privacy nudging in digital networking systems for the context of digital work.

Design/methodology/approach

The paper draws on the literature on digital privacy nudging to develop and test a theoretical model that takes into account legitimate nudge designs, which are those that ensure autonomy and transparency. We utilize a fully randomized between-subjects online experiment with 208 participants to test the effects of different nudge designs on decision outcomes and perceptions. We use a structural equation modeling approach for evaluating the theoretical model.

Findings

The paper presents two major findings. First, we conceptualize the concept of legitimate nudging and implement the concept empirically with nudges that promote autonomy and transparency in the context of defaults as digital privacy nudges. Second, our findings show that autonomy-promoting nudges significantly lower reactance that is significantly associated with a lower acceptance of digital nudging. Finally, we provide evidence that the acceptance of digital nudging is also crucial for trusting digital systems where nudges are oftentimes embedded in.

Research limitations/implications

The paper contributes to the literature on digital nudging by providing insights into more legitimate nudge designs through providing autonomy and transparency. Our research provides in this regard implications for nudge effectiveness and the overall debate concerning ethics in digital nudging. We also offer practical implications for organizations and information systems designers who want to use nudges in a responsible way.

Originality/value

This paper is one of the first to empirically investigate the role of legitimacy in digital nudging and to propose a framework for designing and evaluating legitimate nudges. It also provides insights into the perceptional downstream consequences of legitimate nudging.
Comparison of hotel fine dining and chain restaurant consumer perceived service quality and satisfaction predictions
Authors: Chou Sheng-Fang , Horng Jeou-Shyan , Liu Chih-Hsing , Yu Tai-Yi , Huang Yung-Chuan , La Quoc Phong , Ng Yen-Ling
Published: December 2024

Purpose

Since the COVID-19 epidemic, the number of restaurant service quality studies has continued to increase. However, until now, there has not been an overall perspective or accurate instructions for research on restaurant service quality and experiential value enhancement. This study conducts multiple comparison studies to discover differences between consumer-perceived service quality and satisfaction perspectives on hotel fine dining and chain restaurants.

Design/methodology/approach

This study integrates a hotel’s fine dining and chain restaurant to obtain 636 participants (e.g. Study 1 has 318 hotel fine dining customers; Study 2 has 318 chain restaurant customers), mainly expanding the SERVQUAL model and stimulus–organism–response (S–O–R) theory.

Findings

The results of Study 1 show that value co-creation has a mediating effect on the relationship between service quality and satisfaction. In addition, customer experiences have a significant moderating effect on customer satisfaction. The outcomes of Study 2 showed that experiential value has a significant mediating effect on the relationship between service quality and satisfaction. In addition, customer relationship quality is a critical criterion in regulating the process of experience value delivery.

Practical implications

Hotels’ fine dining should pay attention to the item risk in the value co-creation factor, while chain restaurants should enhance the item service excellence in the experiential value factor to satisfy the changing customer requirements.

Originality/value

This study provides several alternative models to verify the robustness of the empirical results.

Highlights

This research has brought clarity to the diverse mediation-moderation models that compare of hotel fine dining and chain restaurant consumer perceived service quality and satisfaction predictions.

These models delve into how different service quality requirements after the epidemic that affect customer satisfaction, as perceived by customers consumed in hotel fine dining and chain restaurant.

Value cocreation and experiential value emerge as pivotal factors, they act as mediators between service quality and satisfaction.

They demonstrate a moderation effect of customer experiences between value cocreation and satisfaction, as well as customer relationship quality between experiential value and satisfaction.
The Predictive Power of Economic Policy Uncertainty for Exchange Rate Volatility: Evidence From Multiple Economies
Authors: Wei Qing , Chang Bisharat Hussain , Cai Yingyuan
Published: December 2024

This paper evaluates the in‐sample and out‐of‐sample forecasting performance of EPU vis‐à‐vis other widely used macroeconomic variables for volatility in exchange rate variability. Our findings, based on both in‐sample and out‐of‐sample forecasting across a range of economies, indicate that the differential of the EPU between any two nations is persistently one step ahead of alternative macroeconomic predictors. Monte Carlo simulations and mechanism analysis indicate that a greater differential of the EPU is negatively correlated with bilateral trade, on the one hand, and positively with bilateral foreign exchange trading activities, on the other hand. The findings further indicate that EPU is a formidable predictor of both short‐run and long‐run exchange rate volatility once the endogeneity problem has been addressed, along with using multiple proxies. These results have important implications for studies about the causes of exchange rate fluctuations and enlighten policymakers and market participants on managing foreign exchange risks.
Identification of Gut Biomarkers of FPIES in a Longitudinal Comparative Pediatric Study
Authors: Lemoine A. , Kapel N. , Nicolis I. , Tounian P. , Bruneau A. , Kapandji N. , Adel‐Patient K. , Thomas M.
Published: December 2024

Background

Food protein‐induced enterocolitis syndrome (FPIES) is a non‐IgE‐mediated allergy without known biomarkers. We aimed to compare fecal biomarkers related to gut inflammation and immunity in children with FPIES, with resolved FPIES (tolerant), and in matched controls.

Methods

Stools were collected from FPIES children on elimination diet, before and after an oral food challenge (OFC) performed to assess their natural tolerance, at the end of a follow‐up in tolerant FPIES children, and in matched controls (1:1 ratio). Concentrations of calprotectin, EDN (eosinophilic derived neurotoxin), and secretory IgA (sIgA) underwent comparative paired analysis.

Results

Thirty‐eight patients were included (age: 1.3 years old, interquartile range: IQR [0.9–2.0]), of which 22 became tolerant during follow‐up. Upon inclusion, allergic patients and controls had similar concentrations of calprotectin (38 μg/g [8–85] vs. 27 μg/g [11–46], p = 0.15) and EDN (504 ng/g [275–1252] vs. 516 ng/g [215–844], p = 0.86). However, concentrations of these inflammatory biomarkers increased transiently after a failed OFC (p < 0.001 and p = 0.01 respectively), without correlating with the severity of an allergic reaction. sIgA were higher in allergic than in tolerant patients: 2224 μg/g [878–3529] vs. 794 μg/g [699–1767] (p < 0.01). Calprotectin, EDN, and sIgA were comparable in tolerant patients and controls. sIgA less than 2637 μg/g had a negative predictive value of 75.3% for the differentiation allergic patients from tolerant patients and controls (area under curve: 0.63, 95% CI: 0.52–0.74).

Conclusion

A few days after an acute allergic reaction, there was no detectable chronic gut inflammation in FPIES. sIgA may be a useful tool for clinicians in timing OFC.
Epidemiology, timing, technique, and outcomes of tracheostomy in patients with trauma: a multi‐centre retrospective study
Authors: Min Soon Ki , Lee Jin Young , Lee Seung Hwan , Jeon Se‐Beom , Choi Kang Kook , Lee Min A , Yu Byungchul , Lee Gil Jae , Park Youngeun , Kim Young Min , Cho Jayun , Jeon Yang Bin , Hyun Sung Youl , Lee Jungnam
Published: December 2024

Background

Tracheostomy is performed in patients with trauma who need prolonged ventilation for respiratory failure or airway management. Although it has benefits, such as reduced sedation and easier care, it also has risks. This study explored the unclear timing, technique, and patient selection criteria for tracheostomy in patients with trauma.

Methods

We included 220 adult patients with trauma who underwent tracheostomy after endotracheal intubation between January 2019 and December 2022. We compared clinical outcomes between patients who underwent early (within 10 days) and late (after 10 days) tracheostomy and between patients who underwent percutaneous dilatational tracheostomy (PDT) and surgical tracheostomy (ST). Factors associated with hospital and intensive care unit (ICU) length of stay (LOS), ICU‐free days, duration of mechanical ventilation, and ventilator‐free days (VFDs) were identified using multiple linear regression analysis.

Results

The patients' mean age was 61.5 years; 75.9% were men. Most tracheostomies were performed after 10 days (n = 135, 61.4%), with PDT serving as the more common approach during this period. Contrastingly, early tracheostomies (n = 85, 38.6%) were predominantly performed using ST. Early tracheostomy was significantly associated with reduced hospital (P = 0.038) and ICU LOS (P = 0.047), decreased duration of mechanical ventilation (P = 0.001), and increased VFDs (P < 0.001). However, no significant association was found with ICU‐free days (P = 0.072) or in‐hospital mortality (P = 0.917).

Conclusion

Early tracheostomy was associated with reduced hospital and ICU LOS, decreased duration of mechanical ventilation, and increased VFDs.
Long term surgical outcomes following renal transplantation in Aotearoa New Zealand: the South Island Chapter
Authors: Lim Eric T. A. , Irvine John , Chu Michael J. J. , Roake Justin A. , Khanafer Adib
Published: December 2024

Background

Over the last decade, there has been a steady increase in the number of patients diagnosed with end stage renal failure (ESRF). Renal transplant remains the best available treatment for ESRF. The aim of this study is to assess the surgical outcomes following renal transplantation in a single tertiary centre in Aotearoa New Zealand.

Methods

A retrospective observational study was performed in Christchurch Hospital. All live‐related and deceased donor adult renal transplants performed between 1 January 2009 and 1 January 2023 were included in the study. Patients were identified from the local transplant database (Proton) and data were extracted from both electronic and hardcopy records.

Result

There were 227 live‐related and 150 deceased donor renal transplants performed over the study period. Median BMI in the study cohort was 27 kg/m2. The most common aetiology of ESRF was glomerular disease. Obese (BMI 30–40 kg/m2) patients had a higher incidence of post‐operative complications. Ethnicity was shown to be associated with a higher incidence of post‐operative complications. This was only statistically significant in the Pacific Islander group (P = 0.013). Live‐related donor graft survival was 97% at 1 year and 93% at 5 years while deceased donor graft survival was 95% at 1 year and 92% at 5 years.

Conclusion

This study showed that graft outcome in our cohort was comparable to international data. However, further studies are needed to assess whether specific ethnic groups are truly linked to a higher incidence of post‐operative complications.
‘I Wouldn't Be Here Without Them’: An Explorative Study of Workplace Friendships and Well‐Being in Child and Family Social Workers
Authors: Bedford Anna , Murphy Ciarán
Published: December 2024

Friendships can offer significant benefits, particularly in the challenging field of statutory social work, which is often characterised by high caseloads, limited resources and frequent exposure to trauma. However, the recent focus on how we can better promote the well‐being and job satisfaction of UK social workers, and relatedly, promote a more sustainable workforce, has failed to explore the influence of workplace friendships. This study explored the nature of workplace friendships amongst a cohort of experienced child and family social workers employed within England's children's social care system. Using semi‐structured interviews (n = 10) and ecomaps (a visually illustrative tool used by social workers to identify and document relationships), the research identified the role of workplace friendships in offering emotional support, professional learning and encouragement for career progression. It highlights the influence and importance of these relationships in decisions by practitioners to remain in children and families social work and argues that reforms to promote friendships at work could play a positive role in addressing the different measures of workplace instability currently inherent within England's children's social care system.
Identification of Brain Cell Type‐Specific Therapeutic Targets for Glioma From Genetics
Authors: Gui Jiawei , Chen Jiali , Wan Keqi , Liu Ying , Huang Kai , Zhu Xingen
Published: December 2024

Background

Previous research has demonstrated correlations between the complex types and functions of brain cells and the etiology of glioma. However, the causal relationship between gene expression regulation in specific brain cell types and glioma risk, along with its therapeutic implications, remains underexplored.

Methods

Utilizing brain cell type‐specific cis‐expression quantitative trait loci (cis‐eQTLs) and glioma genome‐wide association study (GWAS) datasets in conjunction with Mendelian randomization (MR) and colocalization analyses, we conducted a systematic investigation to determine whether an association exists between the gene expression of specific brain cell types and the susceptibility to glioma, including its subtypes. Additionally, the potential pathogenicity was explored utilizing mediation and bioinformatics analyses. This exploration ultimately led to the identification of a series of brain cell‐specific therapeutic targets.

Results

A total of 110 statistically significant and robust associations were identified through MR analysis, with most genes exhibiting causal effects exclusively in specific brain cell types or glioma subtypes. Bayesian colocalization analysis validated 36 associations involving 26 genes as potential brain cell‐specific therapeutic targets. Mediation analysis revealed genes indirectly influencing glioma risk via telomere length. Bioinformatics analysis highlighted the involvement of these genes in glioma pathogenesis pathways and supported their enrichment in specific brain cell types.

Conclusions

This study, employing an integrated approach, demonstrated the genetic susceptibility between brain cell‐specific gene expression and the risk of glioma and its subtypes. Its findings offer novel insights into glioma etiology and underscore potential therapeutic targets specific to brain cell types.
Targeting Remyelination in Spinal Cord Injury: Insights and Emerging Therapeutic Strategies
Authors: Al Mamun Abdullah , Quan Zhou , Geng Peiwu , Wang Shuanghu , Shao Chuxiao , Xiao Jian
Published: December 2024

Introduction

Spinal cord injury (SCI) is a severe neurological disease characterized by significant motor, sensory, and autonomic dysfunctions. SCI is a major global disability cause, often resulting in long‐term neurological impairments due to the impeded regeneration and remyelination of axons. A SCI interferes with communication between the brain and the spinal cord networks that control neurological functions. Recent advancements in understanding the molecular and cellular mechanisms of remyelination have opened novel therapeutic interventions.

Method

This review systematically sourced articles related to spinal chord injury, remyelination, regeneration and pathophysiology from major medical databases, including Scopus, PubMed, and Web of Science.

Results

This review discusses the efficacy of targeted therapy in enhancing myelin repair after SCI by identifying key molecules and signaling pathways. This explores the effectiveness of specific pharmacological agents and biological factors in promoting oligodendrocyte precursor cell proliferation, differentiation, and myelin sheath formation using in vitro and in vivo models. Targeted therapies have shown promising results in improving remyelination, providing hope for functional recovery in SCI patients.

Conclusions

This review demonstrates challenges and future perspectives in translating findings into clinical practice, emphasizing safety profiles, delivery method optimization, and combinatory therapy potential. This review also supports the possibility of targeted remyelination therapies as a promising strategy for SCI treatment, paving the way for future clinical applications.
Targeting central pathway of Glucose‐Dependent Insulinotropic Polypeptide, Glucagon and Glucagon‐like Peptide‐1 for metabolic regulation in obesity and type 2 diabetes
Authors: Xu Zhimin , Wen Song , Dong Meiyuan , Zhou Ligang
Published: December 2024

Obesity and type 2 diabetes are significant public health challenges that greatly impact global well‐being. The development of effective therapeutic strategies has become more and more concentrated on the central nervous system and metabolic regulation. The primary pharmaceutical interventions for the treatment of obesity and uncontrolled hyperglycemia are now generally considered to be incretin‐based anti‐diabetic treatments, particularly glucagon‐like peptide‐1 and glucose‐dependent insulinotropic polypeptide receptor agonists. This is a result of their substantial influence on the central nervous system and the consequent effects on energy balance and glucose regulation. It is increasingly crucial to understand the neural pathways of these pharmaceuticals. The purpose of this review is to compile and present the most recent central pathways regarding glucagon‐like peptide‐1, glucose‐dependent insulinotropic polypeptide and glucagon receptors, with a particular emphasis on central metabolic regulation.