bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Distribution of alien invasive species in aquatic ecosystems of the southern Western Ghats, India
Authors: Raj Smrithy , Prakash Pranav , Reghunath Rajesh , Tharian Josin C. , Raghavan Rajeev , Kumar Appukuttannair Biju
Published: September 2021

We present results of the first major attempt to record the distribution of aquatic alien species in the Western Ghats Biodiversity Hotspot using Geographical Information System. A total of 32 alien species, including four macrophytes (Salvinia molesta, Pistia stratiotes, Eichhornia crassipes and Cabomba furcata) and 28 fish were recorded from the southern part of the Western Ghats. Seven of these have established natural populations and are invasive, which includes Oreochromis mossambicus, O. niloticus (Cichlidae), Poecilia reticulata, Gambusia affinis (Poeciliidae), Pterygoplichthys pardalis (Loricariidae), Cyprinus carpio (Cyprinidae) and Clarias gariepinus (Clariidae). Oreochromis mossambicus is the most extensively distributed invasive fish in the region. Major reservoirs serve as a spawning hub for species such as C. gariepinus and C. carpio. Significant pathways for the establishment of most alien species in Western Ghats were aquarium trade and aquaculture. Given the increasing records of alien species and proliferation of invasive species in the southern region of the Western Ghats, urgent research and policy interventions are suggested, including the development of a comprehensive database on distribution, trade, invasion biology, as well as determining both short-term and longterm impacts on endemic fauna.
Invasion and potential risks of introduced exotic aquatic species in Indian islands
Authors: Raghunathan C. , Mondal T. , Chandra K.
Published: September 2021

India is endowed with a wide range of ecosystems, of which oceanic island ecosystems viz. Andaman and Nicobar and Lakshadweep are unique and ecologically fragile because of the high degree of endemism in species composition. Altogether 25 species under different faunal groups such as cnidarians, polychaetes, cirripedes, mollusks, and ascidians are reported as invasive species in Indian islands, of which 24 species are found in Andaman and Nicobar Islands, while 4 species are available in Lakshadweep. Ship-mediated invasions, especially ballast water discharge and ship-hull fouling, are the major source of invasions as these islands are located in the vicinity of the international sea route. In the present paper, we have represented these non-native species of fauna and flora to discriminate and identify them as non-native or invasive. This study deals with the diversity and distribution of aquatic invasive species in islands and their detrimental impact on the island ecosystem.
Management of alien aquatic invasive species: Strategic guidelines and policy in India
Authors: Singh Atul K.
Published: September 2021

The present article is aimed at understanding current policies and implementation strategies for the management of aquatic invasive species in India and identifying opportunities for improvement. Existing management approaches and policies have briefly been put into place concerning fish introductions and aquatic invasive species, but looking at their effectiveness, it is argued that mitigating the negative impacts caused by invasive species should be at the core for their successful management. International institutions have explicitly recognized the need to contain and eradicate biological invasions and have set of relevant guidelines and enforcements. In India, risk assessment, risk management, quarantine, biosecurity and regulatory mechanisms have been developed and implemented to filter fish introductions and consequently check aquatic invasions. Nevertheless, invasive species introduced into the inland waters are emerging as ‘chronic risks’ to the aquatic biodiversity and ecosystem services. It is imperative that these emerging issues are put on the National Agenda and Action Plan to regulate fish invasions and minimise their adverse impacts. A National Policy on prevention and control of aquatic invasive species is urgently needed to deal with nuisance and harmful impacts. Some future needs have also been suggested to tackle this issue.
Evaluation of the effect of carbamazepine on the concentration of vitellogenin in Pseudoplatystoma magdaleniatum
Authors: Ortiz Sylvia María Cacua , Aguirre Néstor J. , Peñuela Gustavo A.
Published: September 2021

Carbamazepine is a pharmaceutical used in patients with seizures and bipolar disorder, which has been found in wastewater and many water resources. This is due to the inadequate disposal of pharmaceutical waste and the lack of treatment of municipal wastewater, as is the case in Colombia. The two main hydrographic basins of Colombia are the Cauca and Magdalena rivers, which are inhabited by the endemic species Striped Catfish (Pseudoplatystoma magdaleniatum). This has become an endangered species for various reasons, including the high contamination level of these rivers. In 2019, mature adult P. magdaleniatum of both sexes were caught in the Cauca river in Colombia. This was in order to assess the concentration of vitellogenin, as a biomarker of endocrine disruption, resulting from exposure to different levels of concentration of the emerging contaminant carbamazepine for 4 months. These tests were carried out in a fish farm. A significant decrease in the vitellogenin concentration was verified in females at concentrations of 25 µg l-1 and 50 µg l-1, and in males at 50 µg l-1 of carbamazepine, with a significance level of p˂0.05. Carbamazepine could cause a negative feedback in gonadotropin secretion, acting as an estrogen mimicker that causes a decrease in the level of vitellogenin.
Classification ofTypha-dominated wetlands using airborne hyperspectral imagery along Lake Ontario, USA
Authors: Suir Glenn M. , Wilcox Douglas A. , Reif Molly
Published: September 2021

Shoreline wetlands along Lake Ontario are valuable, multi-functional resources that have historically provided large numbers of important ecosystem goods and services. However, alterations to the lake’s natural hydrologic regime have impacted traditional meadow marsh in the wetlands, resulting in competition and colonization by dense and aggressive Typha angustifolia and Typha x glauca (Cattails). The shift to a Typha-dominated landscape resulted in an array of negative impacts, including increased Typha density, substantial decreases in plant species richness and diversity, and altered habitat and changes in associated ecosystem services. Successful long-term adaptive management of these wetland resources requires timely and accurate monitoring. Historically, wetland landscapes have been surveyed and mapped using field-based surveys and/or photointerpretation. However, given their resource- and cost-intensive nature, these methods are often prohibitively time- and labor-consuming or geographically limited. Other remote sensing applications can provide more rapid and efficient assessments when evaluating wetland change trajectories or analyzing direct and indirect impacts across larger spatial and temporal scales. The primary goal of this study was to develop and describe methodology using U.S. Army Corps of Engineers National Coastal Mapping Program hyperspectral imagery, light detection and ranging data, and high-spatial resolution true-color imagery to provide updated wetland classifications for Lake Ontario coastal wetlands. This study used existing field-collected vegetation survey data (Great Lakes Coastal Wetland Monitoring Program), ancillary imagery, and existing classification information as training data for a supervised classification approach. These data were used along with a generalized wetland schema (classes based on physical and biological gradients: elevation, Typha, meadow marsh, mixed emergent, upland vegetation) to generate wetland classification data with Kappa values near 0.85. Ultimately, these data and methods provide helpful knowledge elements that will allow for more efficient inventorying and monitoring of Great Lake resources, forecasting of resource condition and stability, and adaptive management strategies.
The Involvement of Women as the Domestic Decision Maker: A Study of Patna Metropolitan City, Bihar, India
Authors: PANDEY PURNIMA , ALOK KUMAR CHOUBEY  , RAI GAYATRI
Published: September 2021

In this paper, the importance of women in decision-making at family level in Patna City (Bihar, India) has been studied in detail. The status of women in society is a significant indicator of the socio-economic development of a region. The crucial parameters regarding women, such as their freedom of movement, involvement in family matters, the decision in the purchase of home assets and family planning, etc. are chosen to ascertain the degree of women empowerment in the study area. On the basis of these variables, the womens’ decision-making index (DMPI) has been calculated to determine the socio-economic status of women in their respective families. The study is based on primary data collected from 500 women having the age between 18 to 60 years in Patna city using stratified sampling method. The present report also examines some important features and autonomous factors which usually affect womens’ decision-making ability at the family or domestic level. In the study area, it was found that the power of women in decision-making was historically limited primarily due to patriarchal ideology. The study reveals that about 45% of the women enjoyed equal status in the family with regard to taking various decisions. The educational level and employment status of women was observed to be the most important factor determining their empowerment and involvement in decision making in all spheres of domestic life.
Ethnobotanical Study of Edible Plant Communities on the Slopes of Mount Merapi and Merbabu, Indonesia
Authors: Umartani Lita Ayu , Nahdi Maizer Said
Published: September 2021

Ethnobotany is a study of the interaction between local people and their natural environment, especially regarding the use of plants as food and medicinal ingredients. Edible plants are a daily basic need whose existence is a necessity for the people on the slopes of Mount Merapi and Merbabu. How to use plants is transferred from generation to generation to form a culture. The research was carried out in March-May 2020 with the aim of digging local knowledge about plants used as food, including staple food, vegetables and medicines by studying the species diversity, including the benefits of plant parts, habit, how to use, process and how to obtain these species. The data were collected by using a combination of qualitative and quantitative methods with in-depth interviews through 40 respondents who were selected by purposive sampling. The results showed that the communities on the slopes of Mount Merapi and Merbabu used 74 plant species from 37 families as food sources. The favorite family is Fabaceae, followed by Zingiberaceae and Solanaceae. The most widely used habitus of plants were herbs (36.49%), followed by bush (28.38%), shrubs (18.92%) and trees (16.22%). Plant parts that are widely used are leaves (29.73%), fruit (17.57%), tubers (10.81%), seeds (9.46%), roots, rhizomes and flowers (6.76%), shoots (5.40%), stems (2.70%) and water, skin and heartwood (1.35%). The most common ways to use it are eaten raw as vegetables (29.73%), boiled (16.22%) and drink (12.16%). How to obtain it are through own cultivation (72.97%), and buying at the market (21.62%). The highest use values were Adas (Foeniculum vulgare Mill.) (0.25), chili pepper (Capsicum annum L.) (0.20), turmeric (Curcuma dosmetica loir) and water spinach (Ipomoea aquatica Forsk.) (0.17). The highest importance values were rice (Oryza sativa L.) (5.23%), and fennel (Foeniculum vulgare Mill.) (4.57%).
The Effect of Balimo (Zanthoxylum nitidum) Immersion Water On The Hematological Profile of White Rats (Rattus norvegicus) That Given Liquor (Ciu)
Authors: Wijaya Panca Buana , Saraswati Tyas Rini , Tana Silvana , Sunarno Sunarno , Prihastanti Erma
Published: September 2021

Consumption of liquor such as Ciu in excessive doses can cause a decrease in hematological status. Balimo stem is an alternative treatment to improve hematological status due to excessive alcohol consumption because it contains alkaloids, flavonoids, and other secondary metabolic compounds, that have functions as antioxidant effects. This study aims to examine and analyze the effect of Balimo immersion water on the hematological status of mice with the observed variables, namely the erythrocytes count, hemoglobin levels, hematocrit value, and total count of leukocytes in rats that had been given Ciu. The study used 20 Rattus norvegicus male rats which were divided into 4 groups. The data were analyzed using one-way ANOVA. The results showed no significant differences (p <0.05) on the Balimo immersion water treatment, but if it was seen from the difference in the mean data of each variable, it could still be seen the difference from each treatment. In this study, it can be concluded that Balimo immersion water was able to improve the hematological status of rats that had been given Ciu liquor with a 0,2 mL dose.
Religious Diversity and The Challenge of Multiculturalism: Contrasting Indonesia and The European Union
Authors: Wildan Muhammad
Published: September 2021

As the profile of religions in the world is changing rapidly, religious diversity is becoming a more common phenomenon nowadays in almost every society. Indonesia and European Union (EU) are not an exception to be more diverse and plural societies. Although religious diversity gives such richness of culture in society, religions are known as vulnerable entities. Many social problems caused by religions brought about various conflicts and violent actions on a big scale and also numerous hostilities, discriminations, and hatred on a small scale. Many regulations have been issued to address such social tensions both in Indonesia and the EU. However, many conflicts, hostilities or discriminations are recurring in both Indonesia and EU states. Interestingly, in many cases, hostilities and discrimination even done by the apparatus of the state. The current paper is dedicated to explore how these countries deal with religious diversity and whether there are social tensions and discriminations occurred. Religion as a common phenomenon in the world should be seen more as a challenge for every country rather than a contentious threat.
ActionGrippe : évaluation d’une application de surveillance du syndrome d’allure grippale à externalisation ouverte pour les saisons grippales canadiennes 2015–2016 à 2018–2019
Authors: Lee Liza , Desroches Mireille , Mukhi Shamir , Bancej Christina
Published: September 2021

Contexte : La surveillance sentinelle du syndrome d’allure grippale est une composante essentielle d’un programme exhaustif de surveillance de la grippe. Les systèmes de surveillance communautaires du syndrome d’allure grippale qui comptent uniquement sur des pratiques de soins de santé sentinelles omettent des segments importants de la population, notamment ceux qui ne consultent pas un médecin. La surveillance participative, qui compte sur la participation de la communauté à la surveillance, peut combler certaines lacunes des systèmes traditionnels de surveillance du syndrome d’allure grippale. Objectif : Nous avions pour objectif d’évaluer le programme ActionGrippe, une application de surveillance du syndrome d’allure grippale à externalisation ouverte développée pour compléter et apporter un complément à la surveillance du syndrome d’allure grippale au Canada. Méthodes : En utilisant les cadres établis pour les évaluations des données de surveillance, nous avons évalué l’acceptabilité, la fiabilité, l’exactitude et l’utilité du système ActionGrippe de 2015–2016 à 2018–2019. Les indicateurs d’évaluation ont été comparés aux indicateurs de surveillance nationale du syndrome d’allure grippale et des infections virales respiratoires confirmées en laboratoire. Résultats : L’acceptabilité du programme ActionGrippe a été démontrée par une croissance de 50 % à 100 % de la participation d’une saison à l’autre, et un taux de maintien constant de 80 % d’une saison à l’autre. La fiabilité était plus grande pour le programme ActionGrippe que pour notre système traditionnel de surveillance du syndrome d’allure grippale, bien que les deux systèmes aient enregistré des fluctuations d’une semaine à l’autre en ce qui concerne le nombre de participants ayant répondu. Les taux de syndrome d’allure grippale du programme ActionGrippe présentaient une corrélation modérée avec les taux de détection hebdomadaires de la grippe en laboratoire et d’autres détections de virus respiratoires saisonniers hivernaux, notamment le virus respiratoire syncytial et les coronavirus saisonniers. Enfin, le programme ActionGrippe a démontré son utilité en tant que source d’informations de base pour la surveillance du programme ÉpiGrippe et qu’il peut combler les lacunes de données dans les programmes actuels de surveillance et de contrôle de la grippe. Conclusion : Le programme ActionGrippe est un exemple de programme de surveillance participative numérique novateur qui a été créé pour remédier aux limites de la surveillance traditionnelle du syndrome d’allure grippale au Canada. Il répond aux critères d’évaluation du système de surveillance, qui sont l’acceptabilité, la fiabilité, l’exactitude et l’utilité.
Sommaire de la Déclaration du Comité consultatif national de l’immunisation (CCNI) sur la vaccination antigrippale pour la saison 2021–2022
Authors:   au nom du Comité consultatif national de l’immunisation (CCNI), Sinilaite Angela , Young Kelsey , Harrison Robyn
Published: September 2021

Contexte : Plusieurs vaccins antigrippaux sont autorisés au Canada et les données probantes sur la vaccination contre la grippe sont en constante évolution. Le Comité consultatif national de l’immunisation (CCNI) présente chaque année à l’Agence de la santé publique du Canada (l’Agence) des recommandations concernant l’utilisation des vaccins contre la grippe saisonnière. Objectifs : Résumer les recommandations du CCNI sur l’utilisation des vaccins antigrippaux pour la saison 2021–2022 et mettre en évidence les nouvelles recommandations. Méthodes : Les recommandations annuelles concernant vaccination antigrippale sont élaborées par le Groupe de travail sur l’influenza du CCNI pour examen et approbation par le CCNI. L’élaboration des recommandations est basée sur le processus du CCNI fondé sur des données probantes. Résultats : Les nouvelles recommandations suivantes ont été formulées : 1) InfluvacMD Tetra peut être considéré comme une option parmi les vaccins antigrippaux inactivés quadrivalents à dose standard (IIV4-SD) proposés aux adultes et aux enfants âgés de trois ans et plus; 2) FluzoneMD Haute dose Quadrivalent (IIV4-HD) peut être considéré comme une option pour les personnes âgées de 65 ans et plus pour lesquelles il est actuellement recommandé de recevoir FluzoneMD Haute dose (trivalent); et 3) FlucelvaxMD Quad peut être considéré comme l’un des vaccins grippaux quadrivalents proposés aux adultes et aux enfants âgés de neuf ans et plus pour la vaccination antigrippale annuelle. Des conseils pour l’utilisation des vaccins antigrippaux pendant la pandémie de coronavirus de 2019 sont également soulignés. Conclusion : Le CCNI continue de recommander qu’un vaccin antigrippal indiqué selon l’âge soit proposé chaque année à toute personne de six mois et plus qui ne présente aucune contre-indication à l’administration du vaccin. La vaccination doit être proposée en priorité aux personnes présentant un risque élevé de complications liées à la grippe ou d’hospitalisation, aux personnes susceptibles de transmettre la grippe aux personnes présentant un risque élevé de complications, et à d’autres personnes, selon les indications.
Smok i panda. Hybrydyczny obraz Chin w polskich dyskursach współczesnych
Authors: Pengjie Qu
Published: September 2021

The article is a review of Dorota Brzozowska’s study Chińskie ślady w polskich dyskursach współczesnych (Chinese traces in Polish contemporary discourses). The in-depth analysis of the monograph attracts the reader’s attention to the wealth of the collected material and the multitude of viewpoints, but also points out certain inconsistencies the author failed to avoid which in turn led her to fall into the trap of excessive simplification and orientalisation of China.
Romantyzm polityczny Jarosława Jakubowskiego albo przepisywanie Dziadów (na prawicy)
Authors: Bagłajewski Arkadiusz
Published: September 2021

The article analyses two dramas by Jarosław Jakubowski: Dożynki and Nowy Legion (New legion), which their author designed as attempts at updating the political frame of Mickiewicz’s Dziady (Forefathers’ Eve), (especially ‘Warsaw salon’), read in the context of the ‘Smoleńsk romanticism.’ The right-wing approach to Mickiewicz’s archdrama offers a diagnosis of the social and political divide (‘two Poland’) in the aspect of the clash between two worldviews: left-wing and liberal versus right-wing. Mickiewicz’s authority is supposed to strengthen the right-wing diagnoses, hence it is easy to spot the numerous attempts at instrumental and anachronic reading of the romantic legacy. At the same time, the analysed dramas show the importance and the textual and ideological productivity of the romantic paradigm.
Tennessee Williams’s Misunderstood ‘memory play’: Re-Imagining Amanda Wingfield in The Glass Menagerie
Authors: Romero Ramón Espejo
Published: September 2021

Tennessee Williams famously called The Glass Menagerie a ‘memory play’. This remark has been consistently overlooked or misinterpreted by critics, unleashing a tradition of approaching the play in a rather confusing fashion concerning who the characters are and how the playwright uses them. This paper engages with the character of Amanda. First of all, I will trace major transformations in the conception of characters throughout twentieth-century drama, providing background for Williams’s attempt to redefine major aspects of a playwright’s craft such as what a ‘character’ is. Secondly, I will survey a critical tradition surrounding Tom Wingfield’s mother and consider major views concerning the character. Recurrent in them, as my analysis indicates, is the failure to acknowledge her as a tool for the ‘memory work’ Tom carries out. The character is subsequently posited as a fluid entity that helps Tom (and Williams) make sense of the past and explore how their families shaped who they were. As opposed to a realistic play, where so much is given at the start, a ‘memory play’, as Williams seems to have conceived it, remains a cry for the reader to join the playwright in a common search for meaning, one that utilizes, rather than just displays, characters in order to reach standpoints that are far from fixed and immutable.
Isolation of microglia from retinas of chronic ocular hypertensive rats
Authors: Zhong Huimin , Yu Huan , Sun Jun , Chen Junjue , Huang Shouyue , Huang Ping , Liu Xiaohong , Zhong Yisheng
Published: September 2021

Microglia are the principal glial cells involved in the processes of immune inflammation within both retina and optic nerve, especially under the context of glaucomatous neuropathy. Considering the distinguishing role of retinal microglia in glaucoma and the lack of established protocol for microglia isolation from animal glaucoma model, the present study aimed to develop and validate a method with characteristics of both simplicity and efficiency for retinal microglia isolation from chronic ocular hypertensive (COH) rats. A Percoll gradient of various concentrations was used to separate microglia from whole retinal cells of the COH rats and control group. The finally isolated microglia were identified by CD11b and Iba-1 immunofluorescence staining, and the cell viability was determined by trypan blue staining. Additionally, the proportion of microglia in the whole retina cells was identified by flow cytometry. Results showed that the survival rates of isolated retinal microglia with the Percoll gradient method were 67.2 ± 4% and 67.6 ± 3% in control and COH groups, respectively. The proportion of the microglia population in the whole retinal cells was about 0.4–0.93%. To conclude, the present study confirmed that the application of Percoll gradient could effectively separate microglia from retinas of COH rats, which will probably enrich the tool kit for basic researchers of glaucoma specialty and help with scientific investigations.
Production and characterization of thermoplastic elastomer foams based on the styrene–ethylene–butylene–styrene (SEBS) rubber and thermoplastic material
Authors: Kıroğlu Ceren , Kızılcan Nilgün
Published: September 2021

Thermoplastic elastomer foams based on styrene–ethylene–butylene–styrene (SEBS)/polypropylene (PP) were produced by using different processing techniques such as extrusion and injection molding to achieve optimized mechanical and thermal properties in terms of strength, elongation, and damping capability. Foaming is a method of introducing gas-filled cells into the material and it is considered an effective way to meet the requirements for higher impact resistance with low density and relatively low hardness. In this study, microspheres were used as a foaming agent and were introduced to the system by using an injection molding machine. They were used in different percentages and ranged from 1 and 3%. They decrease the density of the product thereby lowering the weight and cost. Besides improving damping abilities and decreasing the density, inorganic fillers such as talc, silica, and calcium carbonate were used to increase the mechanical strength, and their effectivity was also investigated. It was observed that a higher amount of foaming agent lowered the density by creating voids in the blend, as expected. The introduction of fillers increases the mechanical properties; however, the density had a negative effect even in the presence of foaming agents. About 3% density reduction can be achieved in the presence of talc and a foaming agent whereas the other fillers had an opposite effect on the density. Accordingly, the impact resistance was affected negatively because of the stiffness of the filler materials, and the highest Izod impact value was 50.2 kJ/m2. The elastic modulus values for foamed samples and filled with CaCO3, talc, and silica were 808, 681, and 552 MPa respectively. Combining foaming and thermoplastic elastomers (TPEs) offers a wide variety of possibilities to new and existing applications. In addition to low hardness and density, foaming provides better damping ability thanks to its morphological structure.
Incorporating the multi-level nature of the constructicon into hypothesis testing
Authors: Pijpops Dirk , Speelman Dirk , Van de Velde Freek , Grondelaers Stefan
Published: September 2021

Construction grammar organizes its basic elements of description, its constructions, into networks that range from concrete, lexically-filled constructions to fully schematic ones, with several levels of partially schematic constructions in between. However, only few corpus studies with a constructionist background take this multi-level nature fully into account. In this paper, we argue that understanding language variation can be advanced considerably by systematically formulating and testing hypotheses at various levels in the constructional network. To illustrate the approach, we present a corpus study of the Dutchnaar-alternation. It is found that this alternation primarily functions at an intermediate level in the constructional network.
Value addition study on coker kero for producing alpha olefin and alkyl benzene
Authors: Tripathi Deependra , Singh Raj K. , Kumar Kamal , Singh Udai P.
Published: September 2021

Coker kero stream is obtained from delayed coking which contains saturates with alpha olefins and PNA compounds which was physicochemical characterised. The fractions present in coker kero may be used further for value added products such as alkyl benzene and naphthalene etc. The study described potential of coker kero via aromatics and non-aromatics separation by using liquid-liquid extraction (LLE) with N-methyl pyrrolidone (NMP), acetonitrile and methanol as solvents of different polarity. Methanol imparts best colour improvement as per ASTM D-1500. Beside this, adsorption study on coker kero was performed using fuller’s earth, chalk powder, red ochre and wood-stick’s ash as adsorbents. The adsorption study suggested that fuller’s earth not only separate aromatics and non-aromatics form coker kero, but also acts as a better adsorbent than graphitic carbon (activated charcoal) and is found suitable for colour improvement comparatively. This study inferred the separation of polar components, improvement in the colour, odour and established the stable fuel. FT-IR study suggested that N-methyl Pyrrolidone gives better results comparatively other solvents. HC22 type analysis of coker kero raffinate and extract phase confirm the sharp extraction of coker kero feed using N-Methyl pyrrolidone as it is a good solvent for extraction of aromatics. GCMS and HRMS compositional analysis successfully performed for the coker kero and it is separated aromatic and non-aromatic fractions.
Indexicalidad, gentrificación lingüística y desigualdad social en el proceso de estandarización del gallego
Authors: Recalde Montserrat
Published: September 2021

The aim of this paper is to show the relationship between indexicality, standardization policy and socioeconomic inequalities in the Galician linguistic field (as a minor language of Spain). I will examine the discursive role of Galician elites in the building of indexical orders from the Renaissance movement (19th century) onwards, and its links to the current negative representations of rural Galician. Also, I will explore the relationship between anti-rural prejudices, ideologies of class and standard ideologies, showing how common speakers share the stigmatizing indexical values of the elites, and rural speakers consent to the symbolic violence of which they are victims. Finally, I adapt the concept of gentrification from contemporary urbanism to the linguistic field in order to explain the impact of elitist academic lingualizing discourse on traditional speakers of Galician and also on the value of their varieties in the linguistic market. I support my analysis on the metalinguistic discourse of members of the intellectual elites authorized in the Galician linguistic and cultural field from Renaissance to contemporaneity, attitudinal matched-guise research, and ethnographic studies of the second millennium.
Study on the Relationship between the Bonding Surface and Mechanical Properties of PLA/Epoxy Laminated Composites
Authors: Li C. , Shi X.-J. , Tuo X.-H. , Gong Y.-M. , Guo J.
Published: September 2021

Rule of mixtures (RoMs) of composite materials is continuously modified according to different component materials and their composition forms to play the role of theoretical verification and evaluation. This paper studied the regular relationship between the bonding surface and mechanical performance of the composites. The three bonding surface designs were made into PLA/EP test samples by 3D printing technology. The tensile and bending properties of the composite materials were proved to be stronger than the average of those of their component materials. The mechanical properties show regular changes with the bonding surface and structural design. The bonding surface between components is an important reference information that cannot be ignored for the performance prediction and adjustment of laminated composite materials.
Reverse circadian glucocorticoid treatment in prepubertal children with congenital adrenal hyperplasia
Authors: Dubinski Ilja , Bechtold Dalla-Pozza Susanne , Bidlingmaier Martin , Reisch Nicole , Schmidt Heinrich
Published: September 2021

Objectives

Children with salt-wasting congenital adrenal hyperplasia (CAH) have an impaired function of steroid synthesis pathways. They require therapy with glucocorticoid (GC) and mineralocorticoid hormones to avoid salt-wasting crisis and other complications. Most commonly, children receive hydrocortisone thrice daily with the highest dose in the morning, mimicking the regular physiology. However, reverse circadian treatment (RCT) had been suggested previously. In this study, we aimed to determine the efficacy of RCT in prepubertal children with CAH by comparing the salivary 17-hydroxyprogesterone (s17-OHP) levels individually.

Methods

In this retrospective study, we analyzed the records of children with classical CAH and RCT who were monitored by s17-OHP levels. The study included 23 patients. We identified nine prepubertal children with RCT schemes (three boys and six girls) and compared the s17-OHP levels in the morning, afternoon, and evening. The objective of this study was to demonstrate the non-effectiveness of RCT in terms of lowering the morning s17-OHP concentration. In addition, we compared s17-OHP day profiles in six patients on RCT and non-RCT therapy (intraindividually).

Results

Eight of nine children with RCT showed higher s17-OHP levels in the morning compared to the evening. In addition, none of the children showed a significant deviation of development. Three children were overweight. No adrenal crisis or pubertal development occurred. Comparison of RCT and non-RCT regimens showed no difference in 17-OHP profiles.

Conclusions

Our data do not support the use of RCT schemes for GC replacement in children with CAH due to lack of benefits and unknown long-term risks.
Resistance to cracking of concrete containing waste rubber aggregates under cyclic loading using the acoustic emission technique
Authors: Bu Jingwu , Chen Xudong
Published: September 2021

Recycling rubber aggregates from used grinded tires is a behavior of environmental protection. By performing cyclic flexural tests, this paper explores the effect of rubber aggregate content on the crack propagation of notched concrete beams containing waste rubber aggregates. The crack mouth opening displacement is tested. The acoustic emission technique is applied to detect the damage in the fracture process zone. The crack propagation is evaluated using the critical value of the mode I stress intensity factor. It was found that the crack length and stress intensity factor decrease with the increasing of rubber aggregates content. The crack length and stress intensity factor at failure under constant cyclic loading are larger than those at corresponding post-peak load level. It was observed that the damage evolution curves under cyclic envelope loading can be divided into three stages: initial-quick-stable stages. And they are S-shaped, quick-stable-accelerated curves under constant cyclic loading. Rubber aggregate reduces the acoustic emission activities in concrete specimens. Accumulations of acoustic emission hits, acoustic emission counts and acoustic emission energy are found in accordance with the damage evolution of concrete beam. The relation between damage and accumulative acoustic emission hits is quantified by fitting experimental data. The fitting curves agree well with test results.
Fine structure of low-carbon steel after electrolytic plasma treatment
Authors: Bayatanova Lyaila , Rakhadilov Bauyrzhan , Kurbanbekov Sherzod , Skakov Мazhyn , Popova Natalya
Published: September 2021

This work shows the results of research of the fine and dislocation structure of the transition layer of 18CrNi3Mo low-carbon steel after the influence of electrolytic plasma. Conducted research has shown that the modified steel layer, as a result of carbonitriding, was multiphase. Quantitative estimates were made for carbonitride М23(С,N)6 in various morphological components of α-martensite and on average by material in the transition layer of nitro-cemented steel. It was established that α-phase is tempered martensite after nitrocementation. Released martensite is represented by batch, or lath and lamellar low-temperature and high-temperature martensite. Inside the tempered martensitic crystals, lamellar cementite precipitates are simultaneously present, and residual austenite is found along the boundaries of the martensitic rails and plates of low-temperature martensite. It was determined that inside the crystals of all morphological components of α-martensite there are particles of carbonitride М23(С,N)6.
Strength of carbon fiber/epoxy in sea water
Authors: Uğur Yüncüoğlu Ercüment , Turgut Ince Serdar , Bağcı Eyup
Published: September 2021

Composite materials are widely used in the marine industry. The marine environment, on the other hand, has a significant impact on the strength of composite materials. The tensile strength is adversely affected because the matrix material absorbs water. In this study, the effect of orientation, number of layers and different mediums over time on the tensile strength of the woven carbon fiber reinforced epoxy composite material was investigated experimentally from a comprehensive perspective. The findings of the experiments were subjected to variance analysis. The repeated tests and cross-results of the experimental parameters were found to be compatible with each other. Seawater reduces the tensile strength of composite materials in any case. The tensile strength increased with increasing the number of layers. However, it has been observed that the seawater medium reduces strength when the number of layers increases. At the same time, as orientation angle rises, the seawater medium’s negative effect on strength rises.
Effects of grain size on the performance of brake linings with Al2O3 additives
Authors: Karaca Faruk , Can İlhan
Published: September 2021

International organizations such as the World Health Organization (WHO) and the International Labor Organization (ILO) have called for an end to the use of asbestos and its derivatives in all sectors, primarily due to the negative effects on human and environmental health. For this reason, manufacturing and use of asbestos linings are also prohibited in most developed countries. For this purpose, there are many studies in the literature on the development and research of nonasbestos linings. In the literature, topics such as material content, production, cost, braking performances and mechanical properties of composite linings are commonly encountered. With the technology in the developing world, the working conditions of vehicle elements are getting more difficult. For this reason, during braking, the amount of energy required to be damped against the unit area in the pad surfaces increases, and since the lining surface areas get smaller, the operating temperatures exceed the limits of the material components. Under these conditions, the design of the lining material content is extremely important, taking into account parameters such as load and operating conditions, in order to slow down or stop the vehicle safely. In this study, the braking performance, mechanical and tribological properties of the samples obtained from a number of production processes such as mixing, pre-shaping and pressing of the materials by altering the particle sizes (50 μm, 75 μm and 125 μm) of the filler and friction materials used together with powdered alumina (Al2O3) were investigated. The most suitable parameters were determined as lining material for the samples obtained.
Effect of double-sided friction stir welding on the mechanical and microstructural characteristics of AA5754 aluminium alloy
Authors: Çelik Sare , Tolun Fatmagül
Published: September 2021

AA5754Al alloy is widely used in industry. However, as in the case of all Al alloys, the 5xxx series Al alloys cannot be easily joined through fusion welding techniques. To address this problem, in this study, the effect of double-sided friction stir welding at various tool rotational speeds (450, 710, and 900 rpm), feeding rates (40, 50, and 80 mm × min-1), and tool tilt angles (0°, 1°, 2°) on the welding parameters and mechanical and microstructural characteristics of AA5754 Al alloy was determined. Tensile strength tests and microhardness tests were performed to examine the mechanical properties of the welded specimens. The microstructures of the welded zone were examined by obtaining optical microscopy and scanning electron microscopy images. The tensile test results indicated that the specimens exhibited the highest welding performance of 95.17 % at a tool rotational speed, feed rate, and tool tilt angle of 450 rpm, 50 mm × min-1 and 1°, respectively.
Effect of substrate surface roughness on the wear of molybdenum disulphate coated rolling contact bearings
Authors: Gokce Bahar , Geren Necdet , Izciler Mahmut
Published: September 2021

The objective of the present experimental work is to investigate the influence of subsurface roughness on the friction and wear performance of high-temperature ball bearing. Bearings, which are used in high-temperature applications, are affected by several operating conditions. Some factors under high-temperature conditions such as short grease life, thin-film thickness at low speed, and insufficient internal clearance can drastically reduce bearing service life due to an increase in surface friction. For this reason, rolling contact bearings are coated with molybdenum disulfide. Before the molybdenum disulfide (MoS2) coating, phosphatization is applied to the bearings. Because the phosphate layer is micro-porous, it assures that molybdenum disulfide is entrapped in the interstitials between the phosphates. Also, phosphate coating provides a much larger surface area for the lubricant to attach to. In this study, several process steps, sandblasting, manganese phosphate coating, molybdenum disulfide coating, friction moment testing, wear testing, wear depth measurement, SEM, and XRD analyses were carried out. Wear tests and friction moment tests were applied to the rings of bearings of varied raceway roughness. This process ultimately provides molybdenum disulfide coated bearings optimum raceway roughness parameters for good wear resistance and optimum boundary lubrication.
Health detection techniques for historic structures
Authors: Luo Dong , Wang Shangwei , Du Xiaohong , Zhao Peng , Lu Tian , Yang Hangting , Frank Chen Y.
Published: September 2021

The protection of historic buildings has drawn increasing attention and usually requires a sound nondestructive testing (NDT) technique. This paper first describes the significance of and the status on the protection of historic structures followed by a summary of common damage and repair measures for such structures. Lastly, the principles, characteristics, and applications of NDT techniques for historic wooden and masonry structures, including ultra-CT testing, stress wave testing, micro-drilling resistance meter, radar detection, and X-ray diffraction, are described and compared. This study concludes by providing a guide for studying the structural damage of historic structures and for the selection of a detection technique.
Engineering gallium phosphide nanostructures for efficient nonlinear photonics and enhanced spectroscopies
Authors: Moretti Gianni Q. , Cortés Emiliano , Maier Stefan A. , Bragas Andrea V. , Grinblat Gustavo
Published: September 2021

Optical resonances arising from quasi-bound states in the continuum (QBICs) have been recently identified in nanostructured dielectrics, showing ultrahigh quality factors accompanied by very large electromagnetic field enhancements. In this work, we design a periodic array of gallium phosphide (GaP) elliptical cylinders supporting, concurrently, three spectrally separated QBIC resonances with in-plane magnetic dipole, out-of-plane magnetic dipole, and electric quadrupole characters. We numerically explore this system for second-harmonic generation and degenerate four-wave mixing, demonstrating giant per unit cell conversion efficiencies of up to ∼ 2 W−1 and ∼ 60 W−2, respectively, when considering realistic introduced asymmetries in the metasurface, compatible with current fabrication limitations. We find that this configuration outperforms by up to more than four orders of magnitude the response of low-Q Mie or anapole resonances in individual GaP nanoantennas with engineered nonlinear mode-matching conditions. Benefiting from the straight-oriented electric field of one of the examined high-Q resonances, we further propose a novel nanocavity design for enhanced spectroscopies by slotting the meta-atoms of the periodic array. We discover that the optical cavity sustains high-intensity fields homogeneously distributed inside the slot, delivering its best performance when the elliptical cylinders are cut from end to end forming a gap, which represents a convenient model for experimental investigations. When placing an electric point dipole inside the added aperture, we find that the metasurface offers ultrahigh radiative enhancements, exceeding the previously reported slotted dielectric nanodisk at the anapole excitation by more than two orders of magnitude.
Thermal aging behavior characteristics of asphalt binder modified by nano-stabilizer based on DSR and AFM
Authors: Sun Xiaolong , Yuan Junshen , Zhang Yikang , Yin Yingmei , Lv Jianbing , Jiang Shuo
Published: September 2021

In order to clarify the effect of thermal aging on the nano-stabilized modified asphalt binder, TINUVIN 770 (T770) hindered amine light stabilizer of nanoscale was selected as aging modifying agent to prepare modified asphalt. The impact of thermal aging on the rheological properties of T770-modified asphalt was investigated using dynamic shear rheological test of frequency sweep and multiple stress creep recovery test. The surface roughness variation of T770-modified asphalt was characterized by using atomic force microscope throughout the thermal aging process. Furthermore, the typical morphology and parameter features of T770-modified asphalt were identified. The results showed that with the extension of thermal aging time, the high temperature rutting resistance of T770-modified asphalt was improved, while the unrecoverable creep compliance was degraded. When the thermal aging time exceeded 6 h, the bee structure appeared on the surface of T770-modified asphalt. Meanwhile, with the increase in thermal aging time, the special structure formed on the surface of asphalt gradually became smaller. The surface fluctuation difference of T770-modified asphalt reflected the better thermal aging resistance property of T770-modified asphalt than 70# asphalt.
Made for exchange: the Russian Karelian lithic industry and hunter-fisher-gatherer exchange networks in prehistoric north-eastern Europe
Authors: Tarasov Alexey , Nordqvist Kerkko
Published: September 2021

The hunter-fisher-gatherers of fourth- to third-millennium BC north-eastern Europe shared many characteristics traditionally associated with Neolithic and Chalcolithic agricultural societies. Here, the authors examine north-eastern European hunter-fisher-gatherer exchange networks, focusing on the Russian Karelian lithic industry. The geographically limited, large-scale production of Russian Karelian artefacts for export testifies to the specialised production of lithic material culture that was exchanged over 1000km from the production workshops. Functioning both as everyday tools and objects of social and ritual engagement, and perhaps even constituting a means of long-distance communication, the Russian Karelian industry finds parallels with the exchange systems of contemporaneous European agricultural populations.