bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
A teoria do simbólico de Durkheim e Lévi-Strauss: desdobramentos contemporâneos no estudo das religiões
Authors: Montero Paula
Published: June 2014

Reconstruindo analiticamente o diálogo entre Claude Lévi-Strauss e E. Durkheim em torno do tema do totemismo e das formas de pensamento nas culturas primitivas, este artigo procura explicitar como a escola francesa inaugurou uma antropologia do simbólico, não hermenêutica e, até hoje, muito influente no campo dos estudos das religiões. O principal objetivo é demonstrar a centralidade de determinado conceito de "representação" nessa teoria do simbólico, de viés cognitivista, e examinar, à luz das perspectivas atuais, as suas limitações para a compreensão dos fenômenos religiosos contemporâneos.
"É sempre bom ter o nosso dinheirinho": sobre a autonomia da mulher no extrativismo da mangaba no Pará
Authors: Fernandes Thiara , Mota Dalva Maria
Published: June 2014

O artigo tem por objetivo analisar o trabalho da mulher no extrativismo da mangaba sob o foco da autonomia. Um estudo de caso foi realizado na localidade de Espírito Santo, município de Maracanã, estado do Pará. Os principais procedimentos metodológicos foram a observação e a realização de entrevistas abertas e semiestruturadas. Três aspectos centrais são analisados: a organização do trabalho da mulher (na casa e no campo), os arranjos para beneficiamento e venda e o usufruto da renda gerada pelo trabalho no extrativismo. Os resultados demonstram que a maioria das mulheres (66%) considera que tem autonomia na organização do trabalho e no uso da renda da venda dos frutos, o que contraria as pesquisas acadêmicas sobre a agricultura familiar em que o trabalho da mulher é, geralmente, subordinado ao do homem.
Convergência de mercados intrarregionais: o caso do mercado atacadista brasileiro do tomate
Authors: Tabosa Francisco José Silva , Ferreira Roberto Tatiwa , Castelar Luiz Ivan
Published: June 2014

O objetivo deste artigo é analisar a existência de integração nos mercados atacadistas brasileiros de tomate, utilizando um painel dinâmico que permite efeitos limiares (threshold) para testar a hipótese de convergência desse mercado para a Lei do Preço Único. Os resultados favorecem a hipótese de integração entre os principais mercados brasileiros de tomate e, nesse processo, há evidências empíricas de custos de transação.
Em frente ao espelho: a produção do conhecimento em cooperativas na Revista de Economia e Sociologia Rural
Authors: Begnis Heron Sergio Moreira , Arend Silvio Cezar , Estivalete Vania de Fatima Barros
Published: June 2014

Reconhecendo a importância das cooperativas para o desenvolvimento social e econômico, a Organização das Nações Unidas (ONU) elegeu o ano de 2012 como o Ano Internacional das Cooperativas. Seguindo este indicativo e considerando o papel das cooperativas no setor rural brasileiro, este artigo faz uma análise da produção científica sobre o tema das cooperativas e do cooperativismo a partir da principal publicação periódica da Sociedade Brasileira de Economia, Administração e Sociologia Rural (Sober), a Revista de Economia e Sociologia Rural (RESR). O objetivo é determinar a intensidade dos trabalhos sobre o tema, identificar os principais pesquisadores e abordagens teóricas empregadas. Como resultado, foi constatado um reduzido número de artigos relacionados ao tema, sendo suas referências predominantemente da área de economia e versando sobre questões vinculadas ao desempenho econômico das cooperativas e seus associados, empregando como base teórica, na maior parte das vezes, as abordagens dos Arranjos Produtivos Locais (APLs) e da Nova Economia Institucional (NEI).
Diversidade e similaridade de fragmentos florestais nativos situados na região nordeste de Minas Gerais
Authors: Corsini Christianne Riquetti , Scolforo José Roberto Soares , Oliveira Antônio Donizette de , Mello José Márcio de , Machado Evandro Luiz Mendonça
Published: June 2014

Nesse estudo foram amostrados 26 fragmentos de floresta nativa distribuídos em quatro Bacias hidrográficas da região nordeste de Minas Gerais, com o objetivo de analisar a similaridade florística existente entre 26 fragmentos florestais nativos inseridos em quatro bacias hidrográficas do nordeste do estado de Minas Gerais e a diversidade e equabilidade das fisionomias estudadas e dos grupos de fragmentos formados. Utilizou-se amostragem sistemática com unidades amostrais de 1000m² cada, onde a área amostral variou de 1 a 6 ha, conforme a área do fragmento. Foram mensurados a circunferência a 1,30 m do solo (CAP) e a altura total e coletado material botânico de todos os indivíduos com CAP maior ou igual a 15,7cm. Formaram-se seis grupos florísticos de acordo com o coeficiente de similaridade de Sorensen, sendo que em quatro deles houve associação de mais de uma fisionomia, evidenciando regiões de transição dentro da área. O índice de diversidade de Shannon, variou de 2,236 na Floresta Estacional Decidual a 4,523 na Floresta Estacional Semidecidual. Os valores máximo e mínimo da equabilidade medida pelo índice de Pielou foram de 0,850 e 0,616, respectivamente. O grupo florístico 2 (Floresta Estacional Semidecidual e Cerrado sensu stricto) apresentou o maior valor médio de diversidade (3,585) e equabilidade (0,750), e o grupo 1 (Floresta Estacional Decidual) apresentou os menores valores (H': 2,426 e J': 0,687).
Quantificação de biomassa e nutrientes na serapilheira acumulada em trecho de Floresta Estacional Semidecidual Submontana, ES
Authors: Godinho Tiago de Oliveira , Caldeira Marcos Vinicius Winckler , Rocha José Henrique Tertulino , Caliman Jônio Pizzol , Trazzi Paulo André
Published: June 2014

Objetivou-se, com o trabalho, quantificar o acúmulo de serapilheira, bem como os macronutrientes e o carbono orgânico na Floresta Estacional Semidecidual Submontana, localizada em Cachoeiro de Itapemirim, ES. A amostragem da serapilheira foi realizada em 12 parcelas (20 m x 50 m), sendo as mesmas distribuídas de forma sistemática no campo. Em cada uma das 12 parcelas, foram coletadas mensalmente 12 amostras de serapilheira acumulada, de forma aleatória, com o auxílio de um gabarito de metal de 0,25 m x 0,25 m. O estudo de acúmulo de serapilheira na floresta foi analisado segundo o delineamento inteiramente casualizado, com 12 tratamentos (meses do ano) e 12 repetições. O acúmulo de serapilheira mostrou-se sazonal, com maiores acúmulos, ocorrendo no final da estação seca e de menores temperaturas do ar (Dez/09, Jan/10, Set/10 e Out/10), contendo em média 5,5 Mg ha-1 de serapilheira acumulada. O Cálcio foi encontrado em maior teor e conteúdo, sendo o conteúdo médio de macronutrientes contidos na serapilheira de 293,59 kg ha-1.
Qualidade da superfície de madeira de Coffea arábica
Authors: Braga Pedro Paulo de Carvalho , Silva José Reinaldo Moreira da , Néri Antônio Carlos , Calegário Natalino , Lima José Tarcisio
Published: June 2014

A madeira de Coffea arabica L. é largamente utilizada como fonte de energia da indústria cafeeira. Poucos trabalhos têm mostrado outros destinos como a fabricação de pequenos objetos e móveis com design rústico. Assim, neste trabalho, objetivou-se encontrar o melhor ajuste de velocidade de corte em plaina desempenadeira durante a usinagem da madeira de Coffea arabica, levando-se em consideração a qualidade da superfície usinada. A madeira de Coffea arabica foi proveniente da renovação de um plantio de 15 anos, espaçamento 3 x 2 m, do município de Machado/MG. O cafeeiro foi desgalhado, desdobrado, aplainado e cortado obtendo corpos-de-prova de 30 mm de espessura, comprimento e largura variáveis. Os ensaios de usinagem foram realizados no Laboratório de Usinagem da Madeira (DCF/UFLA) variando-se a velocidade de corte na plaina desempenadeira. A qualificação da superfície usinada foi realizada por meio do avanço por dente (fz), análise visual (ASTM D 1666-87) e rugosidades Ra e Rz. Utilizou-se o delineamento inteiramente casualizado, com 30 repetições. Realizou-se a análise de variância e, posteriormente, o teste de média de Scott-Knott, a 5% de significância. Calculou-se o percentual de notas obtido para os avanços por dente. Os resultados mostraram que a qualidade da superfície usinada com as velocidades de corte de 19 e 21 m∙s-1 e velocidade de avanço de 6 m∙min-1 foi considerada satisfatória com pequenos levantamentos de fibras e baixos valores de avanço por dente (fz) e de rugosidade Ra e Rz.
Regulation of even-aged forests with inclusion of environmental constraints
Authors: Binoti Daniel Henrique Breda , Binoti Mayra Luiza Marques da Silva , Leite Helio Garcia , Gleriani José Marinaldo , Oliveira Márcio Leles Romarco de , Campos João Carlos Chagas , Monte Marco Antonio
Published: June 2014

This study aimed to propose alternative methods of inclusion of environmental constraints in forest regulation models. Models were constructed for an experimental rural estate with a total planted area of 3.491 ha which was divided into 135 management units. The formulation of the regulation models included integer constraints for all management units. Genetic algorithm metaheuristic was used for solving the models. For comparison purposes, the classical model of forest regulation (model I) was used, and the model with adjacency constraints. The proposed formulations proved to be environmentally more effective than the imposition of adjacency constraints.
Resistência de painéis compensados de Pinus taeda tratados com preservantes ao ataque de fungos xilófagos
Authors: Mendes Rafael Farinassi , Bortoletto Júnior Geraldo , Garlet Alencar , Vidal Jackson Marcelo , Almeida Natalie Ferreira de , Jankowsky Ivaldo Pontes
Published: June 2014

O trabalho teve como objetivo verificar o efeito de diferentes produtos preservantes e de diferentes retenções do produto sobre a resistência de painéis compensados de Pinus taeda ao ataque de fungos xilófagos. O delineamento experimental se constituiu de seis tratamentos, sendo dois tipos de produtos preservantes (CCA e CCB), duas retenções (4,0 e 6,5 kg/m³), um tratamento apenas com água, o qual teve como objetivo avaliar o efeito apenas do processo de aplicação dos preservantes, e um tratamento testemunha (sem tratamento). Os painéis compensados utilizados foram produzidos com a madeira de Pinus taeda, cinco lâminas de 3 mm de espessura e com o adesivo fenol-formaldeído na gramatura de 420 g/m² (linha dupla). Para a avaliação da resistência a biodegradação dos painéis compensados foi utilizada a metodologia proposta pela norma ASTM D2017(2005), sendo avaliados os fungos Trametes versicolor e Gloeophyllum trabeum. Na avaliação da resistência a biodeterioração dos painéis ao ataque do fungo Trametes versicolor não foi observado efeito significativo do tipo de produto e da retenção aplicada. Na avaliação quanto à resistência ao ataque do fungo Gloeophyllum trabeum, o produto CCA aplicado na retenção de 4,0 kg/cm³ proporcionou maior resistência a biodeterioração que o produto CCB também na mesma retenção, e na avaliação das duas retenções do produto CCB observou-se que o aumento da retenção para 6,5 kg/m³ resultou em melhora significativa na resistência a biodegradação dos painéis.
Viabilidade econômica e rotação florestal de plantios de candeia (Eremanthus erythropappus), em condições de risco
Authors: Silva Carolina Souza Jarochinski e , Oliveira Antonio Donizette de , Coelho Junior Luiz Moreira , Scolforo José Roberto Soares , Souza Álvaro Nogueira de
Published: June 2014

Objetivou-se neste estudo analisar a viabilidade econômica e determinar a rotação econômica de plantios de candeia em diversos espaçamentos, em condições de risco. O estudo foi realizado a partir de um experimento de plantio de candeia constituído de quatro espaçamentos (1,5 x 1,5 m; 1,5 x 2,0 m; 1,5 x 2,5 m e 1,5 x 3,0 m), para os quais se obtiveram os fluxos de caixa relacionados às diversas idades de corte. Para a análise de risco utilizou-se o método de Monte Carlo, tendo como variável de saída (output) o Valor Anual Equivalente (VAE) e, como variáveis de entrada (fontes de incertezas), as distribuições de probabilidade referentes ao preço da muda, da terra e da madeira, o custo de colheita, a taxa de juros e a produção de madeira. A simulação constitui na realização 50.000 de iterações, de onde foram extraídas as informações necessárias às análises. Concluiu-se que o espaçamento 1,5x3,0 m foi o mais viável economicamente e teve um nível de risco menor que os outros espaçamentos. A rotação econômica foi de 12, 13, 13 e 15 anos, para o espaçamento 1,5 x 3,0 m; 1,5 x 2,5 m; 1,5 x 2,0 m e 1,5 x 1,5 m, respectivamente. As informações obtidas acerca dos riscos econômicos envolvidos no plantio de candeia servem como ferramenta de auxílio na tomada de decisões em relação a novos plantios dessa espécie e também como base para futuros experimentos com a mesma, visando o aprimoramento de seu cultivo.
Epistemologias ecológicas: delimitando um conceito
Authors: Steil Carlos Alberto , Carvalho Isabel Cristina de Moura
Published: June 2014

Este artigo delimita o conceito de epistemologias ecológicas, entendido como uma postura compreensiva que se pauta pelo reconhecimento da alteridade e da agência dos processos naturais, dos objetos e dos materiais. Autores contemporâneos de diferentes trajetórias disciplinares têm empreendido reflexões nesta direção e sugerem a emergência de um novo realismo ou ainda de um novo materialismo. É neste movimento que buscamos situar o conceito de epistemologias ecológicas. O adjetivo ecológico nos parece plausível na medida em que ele remete ao reposicionamento do humano numa rede de relações simétricas e reciprocamente determinadas. Neste sentido, as epistemologias ecológicas dão voz ao mundo, considerando a autonomia das coisas e da natureza em sua relação com o humano, sem recair nos determinismos culturalistas ou biológicos. Este artigo contextualiza as interfaces dos novos materialismos, que emergem na antropologia, na filosofia e nos estudos da ciência, com o campo ambiental. Este nos parece um caminho oportuno para compreender nosso lugar no mundo e o lugar do mundo em nós desde uma perspectiva ecológica, no sentido de uma ecologia do pensamento, da ação e do conhecimento.
Triagem fitoquímica e atividade antioxidante de Costus spicatus (Jacq.) S.w.
Authors: Azevedo L.F.P. , Faria T.S.A. , Pessanha F.F. , Araujo M.F. , Lemos G.C.S.
Published: June 2014

O objetivo do trabalho foi avaliar o perfil fitoquímico e a atividade antioxidante comparando-se os resultados obtidos entre diferentes órgãos da Costus spicatus. Foram utilizados caules, folhas e flores da Costus spicatus, colhidos na Universidade Estadual do Norte Fluminense Darcy Ribeiro, no município de Campos dos Goytacazes, RJ. Os diferentes órgãos foram avaliados quanto ao perfil fitoquímico e atividade antioxidante nas frações hexânica, acetato de etila e butanólica. Os resultados obtidos comprovaram a presença de Triterpenos e Esteróides (Lieberman-Burchard), Flavonóides (Shinoda), Saponinas (Índice de espuma), Alcalóides (Drangendorff) e Taninos (Cloreto Férrico). Foi demonstrada a atividade antioxidante potencial. Concluiu-se que a Costus spicatus apresentou todas as classes de metabólitos pesquisadas, dentre as quais, algumas possuem atividade biológica já conhecida, fazendo-se necessária a realização de estudos quantitativos e pesquisas que demonstrem seus efeitos farmacológicos, contribuindo para o desenvolvimento de novos fármacos.
Anti-ulcerogenic and antisecretory effects of Celtis iguanaea (Jacq.) Sargent hexane leaf extract
Authors: Martins J.L.R. , Sousa F.B. , Fajemiroye J.O. , Ghedini P.C. , Ferreira P.M. , Costa E.A.
Published: June 2014

The Celtis iguanaea (Jacq.) Sargent (Cannabaceae) is one of the native species of the Cerrado region of Brazil widely used in folk medicine to treat dyspepsia. The objective of the present study was to evaluate the gastroprotective effect of the Celtis iguanaea (Jacq.) Sargent (HE) hexane leaf extract in the lesion and gastric secretion models.Antiulcerogenic activity of the Celtis iguanaea (HE) hexane leaf extract was observed with the experimental models, such as indomethacin and pyloric ligation-induced gastric ulcers. In order to evaluate the antisecretory activity of this extract, isolated Rana catesbeiana mucosa and pyloric ligation in mice were used. The HE treatment reduced the lesion index of indomethacin and pyloric ligation-induced ulcer. This extract also reduced the gastric acid secretion and total acidity (increasing the gastric pH) in mice. The secretion of H+ was reduced in the basal values (15.58 ± 1.99 µEq H+/g/15 min) when isolated Rana catesbeiana mucosa was incubated with HE. Intraduodenal administration of HE reduced the gastric secretion produced by bethanecol or histamine. The antiulcerogenic and antisecretory efficacy of HE in this study suggest anticholinergic and antihistaminergic mechanism or interruption of intracellular events that are linked to acid secretion.
The performance of bds relative positioning usage with real observation data
Authors: Tang Xu , He Xiufeng , Andam-Akorful Samuel A.
Published: June 2014

With the first phase of COMPASS/BeiDou-2 (BDS) completed, the assessment of positioning performance and the characterization of its system are analyzed and presented. Pseudo-range and carrier phase measurements modulated on B1 and B2 have been collected in Shanghai, from 00:00 to 24:00 on 28 December, 2012. Compared with GPS, visibility and measurement quality of BDS's GEO, IGSO and MEO satellites are analyzed. DOP during the whole orbital period is also analyzed the results demonstrate that BDS's HDOP is better than GPS's one, but VDOP opposite. Furthermore, the result of positioning is also presented and analyzed. Short baselines are estimated by standalone BDS and GPS's carrier phase measurement, respectively, using 48 segmentations of observations during a whole day (24 hours, each segmentation, is about 30 minutes observation). The analysis of static relative positioning demonstrates that BDS could achieve to millimeter level, corresponding to GPS. Kinematic result is produced by double differenced carrier phase observations with the ambiguities fixed under the constraint of precise short baseline.The result shows that the centimeter accuracy could be achieved. When comparing the results of kinematic baseline solutions, performance of BDS is worse than GPS on North and Up components, but oppositely on the component of East in the kinematic baseline processing.
The European Medicines Agency Review of Pertuzumab for the Treatment of Adult Patients With HER2-Positive Metastatic or Locally Recurrent Unresectable Breast Cancer: Summary of the Scientific Assessment of the Committee for Medicinal Products for Human Use
Authors: Boix-Perales Hector , Borregaard Jeanett , Jensen Kristina Bech , Ersbøll Jens , Galluzzo Sara , Giuliani Rosa , Ciceroni Cinzia , Melchiorri Daniela , Salmonson Tomas , Bergh Jonas , Schellens Jan H. , Pignatti Francesco
Published: June 2014

Pertuzumab is a recombinant humanized monoclonal antibody that specifically targets the extracellular dimerization domain (subdomain II) of HER2. Based on the positive opinion from the European Medicines Agency (EMA) on March 4, 2013, a marketing authorization valid throughout the European Union (EU) was issued for pertuzumab (Perjeta) for use in combination with trastuzumab and docetaxel for the treatment of adult patients with HER2-positive metastatic or locally recurrent unresectable breast cancer who have not received previous anti-HER2 therapy or chemotherapy for their metastatic disease. The demonstration of clinical benefit for pertuzumab was based on a single, phase III, randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial comparing the efficacy and safety of pertuzumab plus trastuzumab plus docetaxel versus placebo plus trastuzumab plus docetaxel in previously untreated patients with locally advanced or metastatic HER2-positive breast cancer. In the primary analysis, median progression-free survival was 18.5 months in the pertuzumab group compared with 12.4 months in the placebo group (hazard ratio [HR]: 0.62; 95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.51–0.75; p < .0001). For the secondary endpoints, overall survival (HR: 0.66; 95% CI: 0.52–0.84; p = .0008) and objective response rate (80.2% vs. 69.3%) were also favored in the pertuzumab group. Toxicity was similar between groups except for higher incidence of diarrhea, rash, mucosal inflammation, dry skin, and neutropenia for pertuzumab compared with placebo. This paper summarizes the scientific review of the application leading to approval in the EU. The detailed scientific assessment report and product information, including the summary of product characteristics, are available on the EMA website (http://www.ema.europa.eu).
6-Thioguanine: A Drug With Unrealized Potential for Cancer Therapy
Authors: Munshi Pashna N. , Lubin Martin , Bertino Joseph R.
Published: June 2014

Sixty years ago, 6-thioguanine (6-TG) was introduced into the clinic. We suggest its full potential in therapy may not have been reached. In this paper, we contrast 6-TG and the more widely used 6-mercaptopurine; discuss 6-TG metabolism, pharmacokinetics, dosage and schedule; and summarize many of the early studies that have shown infrequent but nevertheless positive results with 6-TG treatment of cancers. We also consider studies that suggest that combinations of 6-TG with other agents may enhance antitumor effects. Although not yet tested in man, 6-TG has recently been proposed to treat a wide variety of cancers with a high frequency of homozygous deletion of the gene for methylthioadenosine phosphorylase (MTAP), often codeleted with the adjacent tumor suppressor CDKN2A (p16). Among the cancers with a high frequency of MTAP deficiency are leukemias, lymphomas, mesothelioma, melanoma, biliary tract cancer, glioblastoma, osteosarcoma, soft tissue sarcoma, neuroendocrine tumors, and lung, pancreatic, and squamous cell carcinomas. The method involves pretreatment with the naturally occurring nucleoside methylthioadenosine (MTA), the substrate for the enzyme MTAP. MTA pretreatment protects normal host tissues, but not MTAP-deficient cancers, from 6-TG toxicity and permits administration of doses of 6-TG that are much higher than can now be safely administered. The combination of MTA/6-TG has produced substantial shrinkage or slowing of growth in two different xenograft human tumor models: lymphoblastic leukemia and metastatic prostate carcinoma with neuroendocrine features. Further development and a clinical trial of the proposed MTA/6-TG treatment of MTAP-deficient cancers seem warranted.
Industry Actors, Think Tanks, and Alcohol Policy in the United Kingdom
Authors: Hawkins Benjamin , McCambridge Jim
Published: June 2014

Corporate actors seek to influence alcohol policies through various means, including attempts to shape the evidential content of policy debates. In this case study, we examined how SABMiller engaged the think tank Demos to produce reports on binge drinking, which were heavily promoted among policymakers at crucial stages in the development of the UK government’s 2012 alcohol strategy.

One key report coincided with other SABMiller-funded publications, advocating measures to enhance parenting as an alternative to minimum unit pricing. In this instance, the perceived independence of an influential think tank was used to promote industry interests in tactics similar to those of transnational tobacco corporations.

This approach is in keeping with other alcohol industry efforts to marginalize the peer-reviewed literature.
Impact of Texting Laws on Motor Vehicular Fatalities in the United States
Authors: Ferdinand Alva O. , Menachemi Nir , Sen Bisakha , Blackburn Justin L. , Morrisey Michael , Nelson Leonard
Published: June 2014

Using a panel study design, we examined the effects of different types of texting bans on motor vehicular fatalities.

We used the Fatality Analysis Reporting System and a difference-in-differences approach to examine the incidence of fatal crashes in 2000 through 2010 in 48 US states with and without texting bans. Age cohorts were constructed to examine the impact of these bans on age-specific traffic fatalities.

Primarily enforced laws banning all drivers from texting were significantly associated with a 3% reduction in traffic fatalities in all age groups, and those banning only young drivers from texting had the greatest impact on reducing deaths among those aged 15 to 21 years. Secondarily enforced restrictions were not associated with traffic fatality reductions in any of our analyses.
Primary Prevention of Lead Poisoning: Protecting Children From Unsafe Housing
Authors: Rogers Michelle L. , Lucht James A. , Sylvaria Alyssa J. , Cigna Jessica , Vanderslice Robert , Vivier Patrick M.
Published: June 2014

Objectives. We examined the effects of changes in Rhode Island’s Lead Hazard Mitigation Law in 2005 on children’s blood lead levels.

Methods. We used 2005 to 2009 data from Rhode Island’s Lead Elimination Surveillance System; city tax assessor records in Central Falls, Pawtucket, Providence, and Woonsocket, Rhode Island; and records of conformance to the state’s lead hazard mitigation law, to assess the extent to which legislation changes resulted in minimizing children’s exposure to lead.

Results. During the 5-year study, the proportion of properties that complied with the new law increased for properties that housed young children. However, the majority of rental properties did not comply with the law. Children’s lead levels declined by approximately 1 microgram per deciliter on average in properties that did comply, demonstrating that the law could have a protective effect for children.

Conclusions. Legislation changes increased the proportion of properties that were certified as nonhazardous, leading to decreased blood lead levels for children living in these properties. However, legislation cannot be a highly effective primary prevention strategy if it does not cover all properties where children live and is not strictly enforced.
Women’s Health and the Affordable Care Act: High Hopes Versus Harsh Realities?
Authors: Hall Kelli Stidham , Fendrick A. Mark , Zochowski Melissa , Dalton Vanessa K.
Published: June 2014

Our population-based survey of 1078 randomly sampled US women, aged 18 to 55 years, sought to characterize their understanding of and attitudes toward the Affordable Care Act (ACA). Most women, especially socially disadvantaged groups, had negative or uncertain attitudes toward the ACA and limited understanding of its health benefits, including its relevance for their own health service coverage and utilization. Our findings are important for continued research, policy, and practice, with implications for whether, when, and how improved coverage will translate to improved access and outcomes for US women.
Expanded Access to Naloxone Among Firefighters, Police Officers, and Emergency Medical Technicians in Massachusetts
Authors: Davis Corey S. , Ruiz Sarah , Glynn Patrick , Picariello Gerald , Walley Alexander Y.
Published: June 2014

Naloxone is a medication that reverses respiratory depression from opioid overdose if given in time. Paramedics routinely administer naloxone to opioid overdose victims in the prehospital setting, and many states are moving to increase access to the medication. Several jurisdictions have expanded naloxone administration authority to nonparamedic first responders, and others are considering that step. We report here on policy change in Massachusetts, where several communities have equipped emergency medical technicians, law enforcement officers, and firefighters with naloxone.
Sorbents with biocidal properties for disinfection of water for various purposes
Authors: Sus Mariya , Mitchenko Tetiana
Published: June 2014

Conventional methods for water disinfection, especially chlorination, have a lot of disadvantages and should be perfected or substituted with safer and more efficient methods. One of the possible solutions to this problem is the application of sorbents with high disinfection efficacy. In this study, the opportunity of producing sorbents with biocidal properties based on non-oxidizing biocides and anion exchange resins (AERs) was investigated. A wide range of different type of AERs were tested for the ability to sorb biocides (dibromonitrilopropionamide (DBNPA) and polyhexamethyleneguanidine (PHMG)) and to exert disinfection activity. Most suitable AERs for production of biocidal sorbents were outlined.
The Legacy of Michael Balint
Authors: Johnson Alan H. , Brock Clive D. , Zacarias Ashleigh
Published: June 2014

Michael Balint's lead article, “Repeat Prescription Patients: Are They An Identifiable Group?” inaugurated the first issue of Psychiatry in Medicine, Vol. 1, No. 1, 1970. A few years later, this Journal would be renamed International Journal of Psychiatry in Medicine ( IJPM). Who is this author of over 165 papers, 10 books, practicing psychoanalyst from 1926 to 1970, director of the Budapest Psychoanalytic Institute from 1935 to 1939, consultant at the Tavistock Clinic from 1948 to 1961, President of the British Psycho-Analytical Society from 1968 to 1970, literary executor of Sandor Ferenczi, a foremost theorist of object relations, and international educator and statesman for general practitioners? We would like to review for you some of the formative experiences in Michael's life that wedded psychoanalysis and general practice, and how they contributed to his major educational commitment over 40 years to furthering the understanding and integration of psychosocial factors in the practice of primary healthcare as experienced by doctors all over the world. We would also like to highlight some of his major insights and see to what extent they are incorporated in contemporary medical education and practice. We believe that some of his major insights have been neglected and others have been further amplified and extended. Our intention is to speak not only to medical students who desire to pursue medicine related directly to patient care but as well to seasoned practitioners who continue on a daily basis to care for individual patients and their families.
Self-Report Tool for Recognizing Mania (SToRM): A New Scale for Aiding in the Diagnosis of Bipolar Disorder
Authors: Blackman Karen S. , Odom Amy J. , Williamson Brittany , Miller Marissa A. , Tewari Megha , Weismantel David
Published: June 2014

Objective:

Bipolar disorder is a disabling disease that is difficult to diagnose. Primary care physicians share in the burden of diagnosing and caring for significant mental illness, including bipolar disorder, but they lack an adequate screening and diagnostic tool that can fit into use in a primary care practice. Modeling after the Patient Health Questionnaire-9, we created the Self-report Tool for Recognizing Mania (SToRM) to aid primary care physicians in the screening and diagnosis of bipolar disorder.

Methods:

A 13-question tool was created and distributed to returning patients over an 11-month time period at the psychiatric clinic of a university health center. Each completed questionnaire was scored as positive or negative and then compared to the preexisting psychiatric diagnosis for that respondent, as shown on the problem list of the respondent's electronic medical record.

Results:

A total of 102 subjects completed and returned their questionnaires. Twenty-eight surveys were scored as positive for bipolar disorder while 25 subjects carried this diagnosis on their problem list, giving a sensitivity of 72% and a specificity of 87% (CI at 95%). When alternative scoring was used, sensitivity increased to 96% with only a slight decrease in specificity to 84%.

Conclusions:

In this pilot study, we find that the SToRM shows potential in the pursuit of a highly reliable, self-report tool which could help primary care providers screen and diagnose bipolar disorder. As such, the SToRM deserves further study.
Quetiapine-Induced Neutropenia in a Bipolar Patient with Hepatocellular Carcinoma
Authors: Tang Han-Ching , Chung Kuo-Hsuan
Published: June 2014

Objective:

Quetiapine is a dibenzothiazepine derivative, similar to clozapine, which has the highest risk of causing blood dyscrasias, especially neutropenia. There are some case reports about this side effect of quetiapine, but possible risk factors are seldom discussed and identified. A case of a patient with hepatocellular carcinoma that developed neutropenia after treatment with quetiapine is described here.

Case Report:

A 62-year-old Taiwanese widow with bipolar disorder was diagnosed with hepatocellular carcinoma at age 60. She developed leucopenia after being treated with quetiapine. After quetiapine was discontinued, her white blood cell count returned to normal.

Conclusions:

Although neutropenia is not a common side effect of quetiapine, physicians should be cautious about its presentation and associated risk factors. Hepatic dysfunction may be one of the possible risk factors, and concomitant fever may be a diagnostic marker for adverse reaction to quetiapine.
Attempted Suicide of an Adolescent with Autism Spectrum Disorder
Authors: Mikami Katsunaka , Onishi Yuichi , Matsumoto Hideo
Published: June 2014

Although the suicide risk of autism spectrum disorder (ASD) has been suggested to be higher than previously recognized, there are few case reports focusing on the process for preventing suicide reattempts. We reported that a 17-year-old male who had attempted suicide by jumping was admitted to our emergency department and hospitalized for lumbar spine fracture. In addition to the diagnosis of adjustment disorder, he was diagnosed as ASD according to his life history. This article presents the characteristics of the suicidal behaviors and the process for preventing a suicide reattempt associated with an adolescent with ASD who attempted suicide.
Sequential auctions and price anomalies
Authors: Trifunovic Dejan
Published: June 2014

In sequential auctions objects are sold one by one in separate auctions.
These sequential auctions might be organized as sequential first-price,
second-price, or English auctions. We will derive equilibrium bidding
strategies for these auctions. Theoretical models suggest that prices in
sequential auctions with private values or with randomly assigned
heterogeneous objects should have no trend. However, empirical research
contradicts this result and prices exhibit a declining or increasing trend,
which is called declining and increasing price anomaly. We will present a
review of these empirical results, as well as different theoretical
explanations for these anomalies.
The relevance of transformational leadership in shaping employee attitudes towards organizational change
Authors: Penava Suada , Sehic Dzevad
Published: June 2014

The subject of the research presented in this paper is the role of the
leadership of change agents in the implementation of organizational change.
The focus of research is on the micro-aspect of change, specifically on the
impact of changes in employees and their attitudes and behaviors that have a
direct and significant impact on change success. The results of empirical
research conducted in one Bosnian company show that the transformational
behavior of the change agent is not equally relevant and effective in the
case of the three organizational changes implemented in the company. The
explanation for this can be found in the characteristics of the changes
themselves, both those related to their cause and those related to the depth
of the intervention and the expected consequences of change in the
organizational culture.
Repurposing Diabetes Drugs for Brain Insulin Resistance in Alzheimer Disease
Authors: Yarchoan Mark , Arnold Steven E.
Published: June 2014

A growing body of clinical and epidemiological research suggests that two of the most common diseases of aging, type 2 diabetes (T2DM) and Alzheimer disease (AD), are linked. The nature of the association is not known, but this observation has led to the notion that drugs developed for the treatment of T2DM may be beneficial in modifying the pathophysiology of AD and maintaining cognitive function. Recent advances in the understanding of the biology of T2DM have resulted in a growing number of therapies that are approved or in clinical development for this disease. This review summarizes the evidence that T2DM and AD are linked, with a focus on the cellular and molecular mechanisms in common, and then assesses the various clinical-stage diabetes drugs for their potential activity in AD. At a time when existing therapies for AD offer only limited symptomatic benefit for some patients, additional clinical trials of diabetes drugs are needed to at least advance the care of T2DM patients at risk for or with comorbid AD and also to determine their value for AD in general.
Brain Changes Underlying Cognitive Dysfunction in Diabetes: What Can We Learn From MRI?
Authors: Biessels Geert Jan , Reijmer Yael D.
Published: June 2014

Diabetes is associated with cognitive dysfunction and an increased risk of dementia. This article addresses findings with brain MRI that may underlie cognitive dysfunction in diabetes. Studies in adults with type 1 diabetes show regional reductions in brain volume. In those with a diabetes onset in childhood, these volume reductions are likely to reflect the sum of changes that occur during brain development and changes that occur later in life due to exposure to diabetes-related factors. Type 2 diabetes is associated with global brain atrophy and an increased burden of small-vessel disease. These brain changes occur in the context of aging and often also in relation to an adverse vascular risk factor profile. Advanced imaging techniques detect microstructural lesions in the cerebral gray and white matter of patients with diabetes that affect structural and functional connectivity. Challenges are to further unravel the etiology of these cerebral complications by integrating findings from different imaging modalities and detailed clinical phenotyping and by linking structural MRI abnormalities to histology. A better understanding of the underlying mechanisms is necessary to establish interventions that will improve long-term cognitive outcomes for patients with type 1 and type 2 diabetes.
Safety of Outpatient Closed-Loop Control: First Randomized Crossover Trials of a Wearable Artificial Pancreas
Authors: Kovatchev Boris P. , Renard Eric , Cobelli Claudio , Zisser Howard C. , Keith-Hynes Patrick , Anderson Stacey M. , Brown Sue A. , Chernavvsky Daniel R. , Breton Marc D. , Mize Lloyd B. , Farret Anne , Place Jérôme , Bruttomesso Daniela , Del Favero Simone , Boscari Federico , Galasso Silvia , Avogaro Angelo , Magni Lalo , Di Palma Federico , Toffanin Chiara , Messori Mirko , Dassau Eyal , Doyle Francis J.
Published: June 2014

OBJECTIVE

We estimate the effect size of hypoglycemia risk reduction on closed-loop control (CLC) versus open-loop (OL) sensor-augmented insulin pump therapy in supervised outpatient setting.

RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS

Twenty patients with type 1 diabetes initiated the study at the Universities of Virginia, Padova, and Montpellier and Sansum Diabetes Research Institute; 18 completed the entire protocol. Each patient participated in two 40-h outpatient sessions, CLC versus OL, in randomized order. Sensor (Dexcom G4) and insulin pump (Tandem t:slim) were connected to Diabetes Assistant (DiAs)—a smartphone artificial pancreas platform. The patient operated the system through the DiAs user interface during both CLC and OL; study personnel supervised on site and monitored DiAs remotely. There were no dietary restrictions; 45-min walks in town and restaurant dinners were included in both CLC and OL; alcohol was permitted.

RESULTS

The primary outcome—reduction in risk for hypoglycemia as measured by the low blood glucose (BG) index (LGBI)—resulted in an effect size of 0.64, P = 0.003, with a twofold reduction of hypoglycemia requiring carbohydrate treatment: 1.2 vs. 2.4 episodes/session on CLC versus OL (P = 0.02). This was accompanied by a slight decrease in percentage of time in the target range of 3.9–10 mmol/L (66.1 vs. 70.7%) and increase in mean BG (8.9 vs. 8.4 mmol/L; P = 0.04) on CLC versus OL.

CONCLUSIONS

CLC running on a smartphone (DiAs) in outpatient conditions reduced hypoglycemia and hypoglycemia treatments when compared with sensor-augmented pump therapy. This was accompanied by marginal increase in average glycemia resulting from a possible overemphasis on hypoglycemia safety.
Lidocaine Concentration in Mandibular Bone After Subperiosteal Infiltration Anesthesia Decreases With Elevation of Periosteal Flap and Irrigation With Saline
Authors: Ogawa Sachie , Watanabe Masahiro , Kawaai Hiroyoshi , Tada Hitoshi , Yamazaki Shinya
Published: June 2014

It has been reported that the action of infiltration anesthesia on the jawbone is attenuated significantly by elevation of the periosteal flap with saline irrigation in clinical studies; however, the reason is unclear. Therefore, the lidocaine concentration in mandibular bone after subperiosteal infiltration anesthesia was measured under several surgical conditions. The subjects were 48 rabbits. Infiltration anesthesia by 0.5 mL of 2% lidocaine with 1 : 80,000 epinephrine (adrenaline) was injected into the right mandibular angle and left mandibular body, respectively. Under several surgical conditions (presence or absence of periosteal flap, and presence or absence of saline irrigation), both mandibular bone samples were removed at a fixed time after subperiosteal infiltration anesthesia. The lidocaine concentration in each mandibular bone sample was measured by high-performance liquid chromatography. As a result, elevation of the periosteal flap with saline irrigation significantly decreased the lidocaine concentration in the mandibular bone. It is suggested that the anesthetic in the bone was washed out by saline irrigation. Therefore, supplemental conduction and/or general anesthesia should be utilized for long operations that include elevation of the periosteal flap with saline irrigation.
Cerebrovascular Accident Under Anesthesia During Dental Surgery
Authors: Cooke Mathew , Cuddy Michael A. , Farr Brad , Moore Paul A.
Published: June 2014

Stroke, or cerebrovascular accident (CVA), is a medical emergency that may lead to permanent neurological damage, complications, and death. The rapid loss of brain function due to disruption of the blood supply to the brain is caused by blockage (thrombosis, arterial embolism) or hemorrhage. The incidence of CVA during anesthesia for noncardiac nonvascular surgery is as high as 1% depending on risk factors. Comprehensive preoperative assessment and good perioperative management may prevent a CVA. However, should an ischemic event occur, appropriate and rapid management is necessary to minimize the deleterious effects caused to the patient. This case report describes a patient who had an ischemic CVA while under general anesthesia for dental alveolar surgery and discusses the anesthesia management.
De Morgan Functions and Free De Morgan Algebras
Authors: Movsisyan Yu. M. , Aslanyan V. A. , Manoogian Alex
Published: June 2014

It is commonly known that the free Boolean algebra on n free generators is isomorphic to the Boolean algebra of Boolean functions of n variables. The free bounded distributive lattice on n free generators is isomorphic to the bounded lattice of monotone Boolean functions of n variables. In this paper, we introduce the concept of De Morgan function and prove that the free De Morgan algebra on n free generators is isomorphic to the De Morgan algebra of De Morgan functions of n variables. This is a solution of the problem suggested by B. I. Plotkin.
Semidirect Product of Groupoids and Associated Algebras
Authors: Pysiak Leszek , Eckstein Michał , Heller Michał , Sasin Wiesław
Published: June 2014

One of the pressing problems in mathematical physics is to find a generalized Poincaré symmetry that could be applied to nonflat space-times. As a step in this direction, we define the semidirect product of groupoids Γ0 ⋊ Γ1 and investigate its properties. We also define the crossed product of a bundle of algebras with the groupoid Γ1 and prove that it is isomorphic to the convolutive algebra of the groupoid Γ0 ⋊ Γ1. We show that families of unitary representations of semidirect product groupoids in a bundle of Hilbert spaces are random operators. An important example is the Poincaré groupoid defined as the semidirect product of the subgroupoid of generalized Lorentz transformations and the subgroupoid of generalized translations.
Digital in-line holography assessment for general phase and opaque particle
Authors: Coëtmellec S. , Wichitwong W. , Gréhan G. , Lebrun D. , Brunel M. , Janssen A. J. E. M.
Published: June 2014

We propose using the circle polynomials to describe a particle’s transmission function in a digital holography setup. This allows both opaque and phase particles to be determined. By means of this description, we demonstrate that it is possible to estimate the digital in-line hologram produced by a spherical particle. The experimental intensity distribution due to an opaque micro-inclusion is compared to the theoretical one obtained by our new model. Moreover, the simulated hologram and reconstructed image of the particle by an optimal fractional Fourier transformation under the opaque disk, quadratic phase, and quasi-spherical phase approximation are compared with the results obtained by simulating holograms by the Lorenz–Mie Theory (LMT). The Zernike coefficients corresponding to the considered particles are evaluated using the double exponential (DE) method which is optimal in various respects.
Computation of dioptric and magnification matrices in ophthalmic lenses
Authors: Barbero S.
Published: June 2014

The diopter power and magnification matrices characterize the first-order properties of ophthalmic lenses for different gaze directions. Therefore an efficient method to compute them is highly valuable in ophthalmic lens design and optical performance simulations. I present a novel method to numerically compute these matrices in ophthalmic lenses comprising any set of arbitrary surfaces. The method is based on computing one base ray, along the gaze direction, and two rays close to it. These two rays are obtained varying a small parameter that indicates their separation from the base ray. The method was validated comparing the results with a single refractive surface where exact solutions are directly obtained.
Examining Teacher Effectiveness Using Classroom Observation Scores
Authors: Garrett Rachel , Steinberg Matthew P.
Published: June 2014

Despite policy efforts to encourage multiple measures of performance in newly developing teacher evaluation systems, practical constraints often result in evaluations based predominantly on formal classroom observations. Yet there is limited knowledge of how these observational measures relate to student achievement. This article leverages the random assignment of teachers to classrooms from the Measures of Effective Teaching (MET) study to identify teacher effectiveness using scores from the Framework for Teaching (FFT) instrument, one of the most widely used classroom observation protocols. While our evidence suggests that teacher performance, as measured by the FFT, is correlated with student achievement, noncompliance with randomization and the modest year-to-year correlation of a teacher’s FFT scores constrain our ability to causally identify effective teachers. Implications for policy and practice are discussed.