bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
RANDOMIZED PROSPECTIVE TRIAL COMPARING THE SALTO TALARIS FIXED-BEARING AND SALTO MOBILE-BEARING TOTAL ANKLE ARTHROPLASTY
Authors: Sevic Aleksandar , Patel Chetan , Tomlinson Matthew
Published: May 2024

Introduction

Comparative studies examining Fixed-Bearing (FB) and Mobile-Bearing (MB) Total Ankle Replacement (TAR) designs have demonstrated similar results and successful long-term outcomes for both. To date there has been no study directly comparing FB and MB designs of the same prosthesis. We present the first prospective randomised trial comparing patient satisfaction, functional outcomes and radiographic results of the Salto Talaris Fixed-Bearing and the Salto Mobile-Bearing Total Ankle Replacement in the treatment of end-stage ankle arthritis.

Methods

A total of 108 adult patients with end-stage ankle arthritis were enrolled in the study between November 2014 and October 2021 with similar demographic comparison. Prospective patient-reported outcomes and standardised weightbearing ankle radiographs were performed preoperatively, at 6 weeks, 6 months and 12 months post-operatively, followed by yearly intervals. All surgeries were performed by a single non-design orthopaedic foot and ankle specialist with experience in over 200 Salto and Salto Talaris TAR prior to the study. Radiographs were examined independently by two clinicians. Complete patient data and radiographs were available for 103 patients with an average follow up of 2 years.

Results

Both groups demonstrated statistically significant improvement from preoperative evaluation to most recent follow up with no statistically significant difference between the two groups in all outcome measures. Radiographic incidence of subchondral cyst formation was 8.9% and 38.2% for FB and MB, respectively. Talar subsidence occurred in 2.2% and 5.5% of FB and MB, respectively.

Discussion

Our study demonstrates a higher than previously reported rate of cyst formation in the MB TAR and comparatively higher talar subsidence in the MB TAR vs FB however this did not correlate with clinical outcome measures which were favourable for both groups.

Conclusion

Fixed-Bearing and Mobile-Bearing Total Ankle Replacement demonstrate comparable favourable
LACTOFERRIN AS AN ADJUVANT ANTIMICROBIAL IN BATTLEFIELD-RELEVANT OPEN FRACTURES
Authors: Joseph Reece , Callon Karen , Lin Jian-ming , Matthews Brya , Irwin Stuart , Williams Dustin , Ashton Nicholas , Crawford Haemish , Wen Jingyuan , Swift Simon , Cornish Jillian
Published: May 2024

Introduction

Major trauma during military conflicts involve heavily contaminated open fractures. Staphylococcus aureus (S. aureus) commonly causes infection within a protective biofilm. Lactoferrin (Lf), a natural milk glycoprotein, chelates iron and releases bacteria from biofilms, complimenting antibiotics. This research developed a periprosthetic biofilm infection model in rodents to test an Lf based lavage/sustained local release formulation embedded in Stimulin beads.

Method

Surgery was performed on adult rats and received systemic Flucloxacillin (Flu). The craniomedial tibia was exposed, drilled, then inoculated with S. aureus biofilm. A metal pin was placed within the medullary cavity and treatments conducted. Lf in lavage solutions: The defect was subject to 2× 50 mL lavage with 4 treatment groups (saline only, Lf only, Bactisure with Lf, Bactisure with saline). Lf embedded in Stimulin beads: 4 bead types were introduced (Stimulin only, Lf only, Flu only, Lf with Flu). At day 7, rats are processed for bioluminescent and X-ray imaging, and tibial explants/pins collected for bacterial enumeration (CFU).

Results

Rats without treatments established a mean infection of 2×106 CFU/tibia. 4 treatment groups with a day 0, one-off lavage demonstrated >95% reduction in bacterial load 7 days post-op, with a reduction in CFU from 1×106/tibia down to 1×104/tibia. There was no statistically significant difference between each group (p = 0.55 with one way ANOVA). The stimulin bead experiments are ongoing and complete results will be obtained in the end of July.

Conclusions

This research demonstrated a clinically relevant animal model of implanted metalware that establishes infection. No additional benefit was observed with a one-off, adjuvant Lf lavage during the initial decontamination of the surgical wound, compared with saline alone, and in combination with the antiseptic Bactisure. This animal model provides the foundation for future antibiofilm therapies.
PREPARATION TIMES FOR ELECTIVE ORTHOPAEDIC SURGERY
Authors: Earp Jack , Hadlow Simon , Walker Cameron
Published: May 2024

Introduction

This study aimed to assess the relationship between preparation times and operative procedures for elective orthopaedic surgery. A clearer understanding of these relationships may facilitate list organisation and thereby contribute to improved operating theatre efficiency.

Methods

Two years of elective orthopaedic theatre data was retrospectively analysed. The hospital medical information unit provided de- identified data for 2015 and 2016 elective orthopaedic cases, from which were selected seven categories of procedures with sufficient numbers to allow further analysis - primary hip and knee replacement, spinal surgery, shoulder surgery (excluding shoulder replacement), knee surgery, foot and ankle surgery (excluding ankle replacement), Dupuytrens surgery and general orthopaedic surgery. The data analysed included patient age, ASA grade, operation, operation time, and preparation time (calculated as the time from the start of the anaesthetic proceedings to the patient's admission to Recovery, with the operating time [skin incision to skin closure] subtracted). Statistical analysis of the data was undertaken.

Results

A total of 1596 procedures performed over the two year period were analysed. Preparation times for the different procedures were assessed, along with the relationship to the procedure complexity. Neither age nor ASA correlated strongly with preparation times. Spine procedures had greater preparation times than hip and knee arthroplasty. Greater uniformity in preparation times for hip and knee arthroplasty was seen across the anaesthetic group than operative times across the surgeon group.

Discussion

Preparation times are just one aspect that may be evaluated with regard to theatre utilisation. This study did not address the theatre turn-over time between cases, which includes transfer of the patient from the admitting/pre-operative area into the theatre.

Conclusion

Preparation times for elective procedures follow a pattern which may be used to inform list planning, with the potential for greater theatre efficiencies with regard to list utilisation and staff allocation.
EXPERIENCES OF PACIFIC PATIENTS SEEKING ARTHROPLASTY IN NEW ZEALAND
Authors: Tuimana Charlotte , Asafo Atua , Hunter Sarah , Chan Georgina
Published: May 2024

Pacific people in New Zealand experience significant disparity in health outcomes. There is little known about the burden of arthritis within this community or difficulties accessing specialist orthopaedic care. This qualitative study evaluated the experiences of Pacific patients who underwent hip or knee arthroplasty with a goal to identify barriers to accessing arthroplasty for this community.

We interviewed Pacific patients within the Bay of Plenty region who had received either elective hip or knee arthroplasty between 2013 and 2022. Interviews were centred on perceptions of arthritis severity, duration of symptoms, primary care and specialist interactions. Patients were encouraged to offer feedback on ways to improve this experience.

We identified 6087 publicly funded primary joints performed in Tauranga hospital and 58 patients were of Pacific ethnicity. After exclusion criteria was applied, we successfully interviewed 20 patients eligible for our study. Pacific patients represented 2.9% of the of the BOP catchment but only received 0.43% of the publicly funded joints. Most reported reluctance to seek help from primary care until symptoms were present for at least a year. Most commonly cited reasons for not seeking help were fear of hospital services and lack of awareness in the community about osteoarthritis.

We identified a lack of community awareness of osteoarthritis and arthroplasty among Pacific. This may result in delayed presentation to primary care and decreased utilisation of publicly funded joint surgery. It is reassuring that most patients of Pacific ethnicity who receive primary hip or knee arthroplasty report a positive experience. Public health initiatives together with positive feedback from Pacific patients who have undergone surgery will help to increase awareness of arthroplasty as an option to restore function and relieve pain.
A GAME-CHANGER
Authors: Mauiliu Shaun
Published: May 2024

Titanium Elastic Nails have been around for the last 40 years, but it has never been introduced properly in the Pacific especially in Samoa in the management of femoral & in severely displaced forearm fractures in the paediatric age group & also Adult upper limb Trauma.

This paper looks at the cases treated in TTM Hospital (Apia, Samoa) from June 2019- June 2023, looking at common injury patterns, indications for fixation and the cost benefit to the family and hospital, in terms of early rehabilitation and improving the length of stay in hospital pre-Tens nail era from 6–8 weeks to 1–2 weeks in hospital. 29 cases were treated with TENs concept during this period, 17 femoral fractures, 10 forearm fractures & 1 humerus fracture.

Lastly this is very useful skill and tool to have in every hospital in the Pacific Islands, through proper training to prevent long term complications.
BLOOD FLOW RESTRICTION TRAINING OF QUADRICEP MUSCLES IN ADVANCED OSTEOARTHRITIS OF THE KNEE: A RANDOMIZED CONTROLLED STUDY
Authors: Chan VWK , Yeung SS , Chan PK , Fu H , Cheung MH , Cheung A , Luk M , Tsang CCR , Chiu KY
Published: May 2024

Introduction and Aim

Quadriceps strength is crucial for physical function in patients with knee osteoarthritis (KOA). This study aimed to investigate the effect of combining blood flow restriction (BFR) with low-intensity training (LIT) on quadricep strength in patients with advanced KOA.

Methods

Patients with advanced KOA were block randomized by gender into the control or BFR group. The control group received LIT with leg press (LP) and knee extension (KE) at 30% of 1-repetition maximum (1-RM), while the BFR group underwent the same training with 70% limb occlusion.

Physical function and patient-reported outcomes were assessed up to 16 weeks.

Results

A total of 42 patients were analyzed: 22 in the BFR group (9 males, 13 females) and 20 in the control group (8 males, 12 females).

In the BFR group, males exhibited increased KE power from the 4th to the 16th week (p<0.05) and LP power from the 4th to the 12th week (p<0.05). Females in the BFR group showed increased KE power in the 4th and 12th weeks (p<0.05), and LP power increased from the 4th to the 16th week (p<0.05). Males also had improved TSS at the 12th week, while females had improved TSS from the 8th to the 16th week.

In the control group, males did not experience an increase in quadricep power. Females, however, had increased KE power in the 4th, 12th, and 16th weeks (p<0.05), and LP power from the 4th to the 12th week (p<0.05). Females in the control group also had improved TSS at the 4th week.

Patient-reported outcomes did not differ, and all patients tolerated the training without any dropouts or adverse events.

Conclusion

Combining BFR with LIT significantly improved quadricep power and physical function in both genders of KOA patients without exacerbating symptoms.
DOES REVERSE TOTAL SHOULDER ARTHROPLASTY FOR ACUTE PROXIMAL HUMERAL FRACTURE LEAD TO WORSE OUTCOMES COMPARED WITH ELECTIVE INDICATIONS? RESULTS FROM THE NEW ZEALAND JOINT REGISTRY
Authors: Bolam S. M. , Wells Z. , Tay M. L. , Frampton C. M. A , Coleman B. , Dalgleish A.
Published: May 2024

Introduction

The purpose of this study was to compare implant survivorship and functional outcomes in patients undergoing reverse total shoulder arthroplasty (RTSA) for acute proximal humeral fracture (PHF) with those undergoing elective RTSA in a population-based cohort study.

Methods

Prospectively collected data from the New Zealand Joint Registry from 1999 to 2021 and identified 7,277 patients who underwent RTSA. Patients were categorized by pre-operative indication, including acute PHF (10.1%), rotator cuff arthropathy (RCA) (41.9%), osteoarthritis (OA) (32.2%), rheumatoid arthritis (RA) (5.2%) and old traumatic sequelae (4.9%). The PHF group was compared with elective indications based on patient, implant, and operative characteristics, as well as post-operative outcomes (Oxford Shoulder Score [OSS], and revision rate) at 6 months, 5 and 10 years after surgery. Survival and functional outcome analyses were adjusted by age, sex, ASA class and surgeon experience.

Results

Implant survivorship at 10 years for RTSA for PHF was 97.3%, compared to 96.1%, 93.7%, 92.8% and 91.3% for OA, RCA, RA and traumatic sequelae, respectively. When compared with RTSA for PHF, the adjusted risk of revision was higher for traumatic sequelae (hazard ratio = 2.29; 95% CI:1.12–4.68, p=0.02) but not for other elective indications. At 6 months post-surgery, OSS were significantly lower for the PHF group compared to RCA, OA and RA groups (31.1±0.5 vs. 35.6±0.22, 37.7±0.25, 36.5±0.6, respectively, p<0.01), but not traumatic sequelae (31.7±0.7, p=0.43). At 5 years, OSS were only significantly lower for PHF compared to OA (37.4±0.9 vs 41.0±0.5, p<0.01), and at 10 years, there were no differences between groups.

Discussion and Conclusion

RTSA for PHF demonstrated reliable long-term survivorship and functional outcomes compared to other elective indications. Despite lower functional outcomes in the early post-operative period for the acute PHF group, implant survivorship rates were similar to patients undergoing elective RTSA.
DEVELOPING NEXT-GENERATION INJECTABLE ADIPOSE TISSUE GRAFTS FOR SOFT-TISSUE RECONSTRUCTION
Authors: Woodfield Tim , Major Gretel , Longoni Alessia , Simcock Jeremy , Hooper Gary , Lim Khoon
Published: May 2024

Introduction

Autologous fat grafting has favourable potential as a regenerative strategy and is the current gold-standard to repair large contour defects, as needed in breast reconstruction after mastectomy and traumatic soft tissue reconstruction. Clinically, there is a limit on the volume of lipoaspirate which can be utilised to repair a soft-tissue defect. Surgical complications are the result of poor structural fidelity of lipoaspirate and graft resorption as a filling material and are hindered further by poor graft vascularisation. This study aims to develop injectable lipoaspirate-derived adipose tissue grafts with enhanced biologically and clinically-admissible structural and functional properties adopting light photocrosslinking of unmodified lipoaspirate.

Methods

Patient-derived lipoaspirate was harvested and crosslinked using novel photoinitiator and exposure to visible light (wavelength 450nm) in surgery, establishing bonds between extracellular matrix (ECM) proteins within the material. The degree of crosslinking was tuned (photoinitiator concentration, light exposure, light intensity) and covalent bond formation measured using mass spectrometry. To predict patient response, SWATH-MS was used to identify differences in patient ECM and crosslinked grafts were implanted in vivo using a subcutaneous mouse model. Functional vessel formation and resorption were quantified using micro-CT and tissue-remodelling was assessed via histology.

Results

There was an increase in the relative abundance of covalent bonds present with increasing degree of crosslinking. When injected, crosslinked lipoaspirate had better shape fidelity compared with native lipoaspirate – demonstrated by a smaller fibre diameter. Crosslinked lipoaspirate remained viable over long term culture and resulted in more predictable resorption profiles when implanted in vivo.

Conclusions

The crosslinking approach described here is tunable and functional across different patient samples. Improving the structural properties of lipoaspirate through minimal manipulation has clinical utility for the delivery of grafts with higher shape fidelity and therefore increased graft survival when implanted.
Toric code distances from terraced polytopes
Authors: Wilfong Andrew
Published: May 2024

We call a polytope terraced if upon projecting onto a one-dimensional coordinate space, each fiber of the projection is contained in the fiber below it. We present a technique to compute the minimum distance for toric codes arising from terraced polytopes. This technique is demonstrated by determining the minimum distance for all toric codes that correspond to smooth n –polytopes with n+2 facets. We also find the minimum distance for all toric codes coming from smooth polygons with five edges and from smooth polyhedra with six facets.
On the parameters of a class of narrow sense primitive BCH codes
Authors: Mouloua El Mahdi , Najmeddine M.
Published: May 2024

The last decades, mark an accelerated progression in the determination of the parameters of the primitive BCH codes. Indeed, BCH codes are powerful in terms of decoding. They are applied in several fields such as: satellite communications, cryptography, compact disk drives... and have good structural properties. Nevertheless, the dimension and the minimum distance of those codes aren't known, in general. In this paper, we present a class of narrow sense primitive BCH codes of designed distance $\delta_{_4}=(q-1)q^{^{m-1}}-1-q^{\lfloor \frac{m+3}{2 }\rfloor}.$ Also, we investigate their Bose distance and the dimension.
Set-independence graphs of vector spaces and partial quasigroups
Authors: Falcón Raúl Manuel , Gopinath Singaravelu , Kalaimurugan Gnanappirakasam
Published: May 2024

As a generalization of independence graphs of vector spaces and groups, we introduce the notions of set-independence graphs of vector spaces and partial quasigroups. The former are characterized for finite-dimensional vector spaces over finite fields. Further, we prove that every finite simple graph is isomorphic to either the independence graph of a partial quasigroup or an induced subgraph of the latter. We also prove that isomorphic partial quasigroups give rise to isomorphic set-independence graphs. As an illustrative example, all finite graphs of order $n\leq 5$ are identified with the independence graph of a partial quasigroup of the same order.
A note on two-dimensional cyclic and constacyclic codes
Authors: Prakash Om , Patel Shikha
Published: May 2024

During the study of the two-dimensional cyclic (TDC) codes of length $n=ls$ over a finite field $\mathbb{F}_q$ where $s=2^k$, Sepasdar and Khashyarmanesh (2016, [11]) arose a problem that the technique used by them to characterize TDC codes of length $n=ls$ does not work for TDC codes of length $3l$. It naturally motivates us to study the TDC codes of other lengths together with $3l$. Further, $(\lambda_1,\lambda_2)$-constacyclic codes are the generalization of constacyclic codes. Thus, we study two-dimensional cyclic codes of length $3l$ and $(\lambda_1,\lambda_2)$-constacyclic codes of length $2l$, respectively over finite fields. Here, the generating set of polynomials for these two-dimensional codes and their duals are obtained. Finally, with the help of our derived results, we have constructed many MDS codes corresponding to the two-dimensional codes.
Ciceroniana. Zur anekdotischen Strategie in Ciceros rhetoriktheoretischen und philosophischen Schriften
Authors: Grandl Matthias Michael
Published: May 2024

Ciceroniana erforscht die vielseitige Verwendung der Erzählform Anekdote in Ciceros rhetoriktheoretischen und philosophischen Schriften. Damit liegt eine Studie vor, die mit der Prämisse eines systematischen Einsatzes der Anekdote bei Cicero erstmals unter Berücksichtigung aller theoretischen Texte dem anekdotischen Schreiben Ciceros in seinen praktischen Anwendungen und theoretischen Reflexionen auf den Grund geht und zudem nach der Rolle Ciceros in der Entwicklung des Miniaturgenres von der Antike bis zur Moderne fragt. Besonderes Interesse gilt den epistemischen Rückstößen dieses Miniaturnarrativs auf Ciceros Vermittlung von Rhetoriktheorie und Philosophie. Neben Detailinterpretationen ausgewählter Anekdoten in Zusammen- und Gegenspiel mit ihren Kontexten, in ihren verschiedentlichen De- und Rekontextualisierungen bei Cicero selbst oder in ihrer Funktion als argumentative Strukturelemente und signifikantes Stilmerkmal intradiegetischer Sprecher bietet dieses Buch auch einen Überblick über sämtliches anekdotisches Material in Ciceros Philosophie und Rhetoriktheorie. Im Abgleich der Anekdote mit anderen, weitaus häufiger erforschten narrativen Kleinformen wie dem Exemplum oder der Aitiologie macht Ciceroniana die Anekdote zu einem gleichrangigen Wissensträger der Antike und einem zentralen Element antiker Wissensgeschichte.
The City as an Archive of Doing and Undoing: The Case of Istanbul's Atatürk Cultural Center
Authors: Katsanis Vuslat D.
Published: May 2024

Abstract: This article traces the recent debates around the preservation or demolition of the Atatürk Cultural Center (AKM) in Istanbul's Taksim Square as a case example of urban visual memorial projects. In doing so, it argues that the city of Istanbul, and Taksim Square in particular, archive processes of political doing and undoing, with implications on the claims to public life and political futurity. Not only a site of compulsive preservation, the archive is also an expression of the drive to incorporate the memorable or to annihilate its very possibility. As such, the discourse over AKM and its evocations of remembering, forgetting, ruin, or renovation, position it as an especially poignant cultural artifact, bringing into visibility the politicity of the city as an archive that chronicles its own internal incongruence.
Notes And Discussions/Discussion: Two Suggestions In The Ciris
Authors: Olszaniec Włodzimierz
Published: May 2024

Abstract: This note presents two textual suggestions regarding Ciris 534–535. Réesumé: Cette note présente deux suggestions textuelles concernant Ciris 534–535.
The cost of ownership: Learning from Flamingo Court, a former social housing apartment block in Durban
Authors: Matsha Rachel Matteau , Erwin Kira , Musvoto Godfrey
Published: May 2024

ABSTRACT: Owning property is an aspiration for many people living in South Africa. The belief that private ownership is a stepping-stone towards material and financial wealth is dominant in South African housing policy. While property ownership may lead to better living conditions and the accrual of wealth, it can also lead to exclusion, dispossession, and displacement for many low-income families. This article analyses the socio-economic, and built environment consequences, of privatising a municipal social housing block, Flamingo Court, located in the city of Durban. Drawing on qualitative and quantitative studies in Flamingo Court, we show that the impact of private ownership for the residents has proved more of a curse than a blessing. There are also unexpected costs to the state in privatising social housing units. The paper argues that low-income beneficiaries of privatised former social housing cannot always afford the costs of maintaining communal spaces or the dwelling units that come with private ownership. This results in deterioration of the building infrastructure, communal finance and governance of the apartment block, and ultimately places residents' security of tenure at risk. Flamingo Court offers an important case study for thinking through some of the hidden costs of ownership for sectional title blocks in the urban core and how and why ownership does not always translate to improved economic or social benefits, countering the current South African policy objective of upliftment and empowerment through the provision of housing.
Optical turbulence profiling at the Table Mountain Facility with the Laser Communication Relay Demonstration GEO downlink
Authors: Birch Marcus , Piazzolla Sabino , Hooser Preston , Bennet Francis , Travouillon Tony , Buehlman William
Published: May 2024

We report the first measurement of the atmospheric optical turbulence profile using the transmitted beam from a satellite laser communication terminal. A ring image next generation scintillation sensor (RINGSS) instrument for turbulence profiling, as described in Tokovinin [MNRAS 502, 747 (2021)10.1093/mnras/staa4049], was deployed at the NASA/Jet Propulsion Laboratory’s Table Mountain Facility (TMF) in California. The optical turbulence profile was measured with the downlink optical beam from the Laser Communication Relay Demonstration (LCRD) geostationary satellite. LCRD conducts links with the Optical Communication Telescope Laboratory ground station and the RINGSS instrument was co-located at TMF to conduct measurements. Turbulence profiles were measured at day and night and atmospheric coherence lengths were compared with other turbulence monitors such as a solar scintillometer and Polaris motion monitor. RINGSS sensitivity to boundary layer turbulence, a feature not provided by many profilers, is also shown to agree with a boundary layer scintillometer at TMF (R = 0.85). Diurnal evolution of optical turbulence and measured profiles are presented. The correlation of RINGSS with other turbulence monitors (R = 0.75 − 0.86) demonstrates the concept of free-space optical communications turbulence profiling, which could be adopted as a way to support optical ground stations in a future Geostationary feeder link network. These results also provide further evidence that RINGSS, a relatively new instrument concept, correlates well with other instruments in daytime and nighttime turbulence.
Target recognition and segmentation in turbid water using data from non-turbid conditions: a unified approach and experimental validation
Authors: Liu Luping , Li Xin , Yang Jianmin , Tian Xinliang , Liu Lei
Published: May 2024

Semantic segmentation of targets in underwater images within turbid water environments presents significant challenges, hindered by factors such as environmental variability, difficulties in acquiring datasets, imprecise data annotation, and the poor robustness of conventional methods. This paper addresses this issue by proposing a novel joint method using deep learning to effectively perform semantic segmentation tasks in turbid environments, with the practical case of efficiently collecting polymetallic nodules in deep-sea while minimizing damage to the seabed environment. Our approach includes a novel data expansion technique and a modified U-net based model. Drawing on the underwater image formation model, we introduce noise to clear water images to simulate images captured under varying degrees of turbidity, thus providing an alternative to the required data. Furthermore, traditional U-net-based modified models have shown limitations in enhancing performance in such tasks. Based on the primary factors underlying image degradation, we propose a new model which incorporates an improved dual-channel encoder. Our method significantly advances the fine segmentation of underwater images in turbid media, and experimental validation demonstrates its effectiveness and superiority under different turbidity conditions. The study provides new technical means for deep-sea resource development, holding broad application prospects and scientific value.
Single-exposure multi-wavelength optical diffraction tomography based on space-angle dual multiplexing holography
Authors: Huang Hong-Yi , Yue Qing-Yang , Yang Yang , Wang Ruo-Xi , Guo Cheng-Shan
Published: May 2024

We present a space-angle dual multiplexing holographic recording system for realizing single-exposure multi-wavelength optical diffraction tomographic (ODT) imaging. This system is achieved by combining the principle of single-exposure multi-wavelength holographic imaging technique based on angle-division multiplexing with the principle of single-exposure ODT imaging technique based on microlens array multi-angle illuminations and space-division multiplexing. Compared with the existing multi-wavelength ODT imaging methods, it enables the holographic recording of all the diffraction tomography information of a measured specimen at multiple illumination wavelengths in a single camera exposure without any scan mechanism. Using our proposed data processing method, the multi-wavelength three-dimensional (3D) refractive index tomograms of a specimen can be eventually reconstructed from single recorded multiplexing hologram. Experimental results of a static polystyrene bead and a living C. elegans worm demonstrate the feasibility of this system.
Enhancing secure transmission and key distribution for ultrahigh-order QAM via delta-sigma modulation and discrete memristive-enhanced chaos
Authors: Zhao Jianye , Liu Bo , Ren Jianxin , Mao Yaya , Ma Yiming , Zhong Qing , Wu Xiangyu , Chen Shuaidong , Wu Yongfeng , Song Xiuming , Zhao Lilong
Published: May 2024

In this Letter, we propose a method for ultrahigh-order QAM secure transmission and key distribution based on delta-sigma modulation (DSM) and discrete memristive-enhanced chaos (DMEC). The disturbance vectors generated by the DMEC scramble the DSM signals in both frequency and time domains, resulting in highly secure DSM signals. Through the key modulation and power adjustment and then superimposing them on the encrypted signals, the method achieves simultaneous transmission of keys and signals without the need for additional spectral resources. This approach allows for secure communication with continuous key iteration and updates, offering an effective solution for implementing “one-time pad” encryption. In the experimental demonstration, we achieved a secure transmission and key distribution of a 16384QAM signal at a rate of 17.09 Gb/s over 25 km in an intensity-modulated direct detection (IMDD) system, based on DSM.
Generation and control of optical rogue waves by super-Gaussian pulses with varying steepness
Authors: ZHANG LIFU , Wan Lu , Li Haozhe , Deng Zhixiang , Gao Yanxia , Fan Dianyuan
Published: May 2024

We investigate the dynamic of optical rogue waves induced by super-Gaussian (SG) pulses in fiber optic. SG pulses with controlled steep leading and trailing edges can produce high-intensity self-focusing when propagate in nonlinear fibers with weak dispersion and strong nonlinearity. We observe the emergence of various rogue waves, including Peregrine breathers, Akhmediev breathers (AB) and 2nd-order AB. By adjusting the steepness of the SG pulses, the generation of these rogue waves can be controlled. As the steepness of the SG pulse increases, we find the fundamental-order AB can stably coexist. Simultaneously, we reveal that the period of these ABs can be effectively controlled by adjusting the steepness of the SG pulse. At a certain steepness, the 2nd-order AB with high power can also be observed. We also investigate the propagation of SG pulses with an initial chirp in fiber optic and found that they can also control AB and 2nd-order Peregrine breathers. Our findings present a new approach to generating controllable rogue waves.
XBB.1, BQ1.1 and atypical BA.4.6/XBB.1 recombinants predominate current SARS-CoV-2 Wavelets with flu-like symptoms in Cameroon: A snapshot from genomic surveillance
Authors: Fokam Joseph , Ngoufack Jagni Semengue Ezechiel , Gouissi Anguechia Davy-Hyacinthe , Etame Naomi-Karell , Takou Désiré , Mandeng Nadia , Kengni Ngueko Minelle Aurelie , Beloumou Angong Grace , Djupsa Ndjeyep Sandrine , Chenwi Ambe Collins , Nka Alex Durand , Molimbou Evariste , Mundo Nayang Audrey Rachel , Moko Fotso Larissa Gaëlle , Tambe Ayuk Ngwese Derrick , Tueguem Pamela Patricia , Tommo Tchouaket Carlos Michel , Ka’e Aude Christelle , Fainguem Nadine , Abega Abega Cyrille , Halle-Ekane Edie-Gregory , Esso Linda , Etoundi Mballa Alain Georges , Shang Judith , Ndongmo Clement B. , Cappelli Giulia , Kifle Tessema Sofonias , Z-K Bissek Anne-Cecile , Colizzi Vittorio , Ndjolo Alexis , Perno Carlo-Federico , Ndembi Nicaise
Published: May 2024

As of December 2022, Cameroon had observed a slight resurgence of COVID-19, raising concerns on genomic surveillance of related-SARS-CoV-2 variants under circulation. Following a laboratory-based survey, positive SARS-CoV-2 samples detected from December-2022 through March-2023 were processed for targeted sequencing at the Chantal BIYA International Reference Centre (CIRCB) in Yaoundé-Cameroon. From all positive cases detected, 13 were successfully sequenced (mean age 34 years, 70% female); the majority of the cases were unvaccinated (70%, 9/13) and symptomatic (92%, 12/13); all with flu-like symptoms (100%, 12/12). Following RT-PCR, the median cycle threshold was 22.23 [18–24] for the N gene; and 24.09 [20–26] for the ORF gene, underscoring high viral loads. Phylogenetic analysis of nucleotide sequences identified four major sub-variants in circulation, of which BA.5 (3/13), the recombinants BQ.1.1 (4/13), XBB.1 (4/13) and novel atypical variant of BA.4.6/XBB.1 (2/13). This snapshot surveillance indicates the introduction/emergence and circulation of new Omicron sub-variants, all accompanied by minor/mild symptoms. However, these new sub-variants and recombinants call for continuous genomic surveillance to prevent further resurgence of Covid-19 epidemiological wave.
The intentions of pregnant women to give birth at a health facility and associated factors in the Aleta-Wondo rural District, Ethiopia: A community based cross-sectional study
Authors: Dona Aregahegn , Mue Azmach Dache
Published: May 2024

Pregnancy and childbirth-related complications are the leading causes of death among women of the reproductive age group. Giving birth at a health facility is crucial to prevent these complications. Hence, this study aimed to assess the pregnant women’s intentions to give birth at a health facility and associated factors in the Aleta-Wondo rural District, Ethiopia. A community-based cross-sectional study was conducted among randomly selected 421 pregnant women. Data were collected by using an interviewer-administered structured questionnaire. The collected data were entered into Epidata 3.1 and exported to SPSS version 21 for analysis. Bivariable and multivariable logistic regression analyses were done. An adjusted odds ratio with a 95% confidence interval was used to assess the presence and strength of association. A p-value ≤0.05 was applied to declare statistical significance. Generally, 61.3% (95% CI: 57.0, 66.3) of the respondents intended to give birth in a health facility. Receiving information from health professionals (AOR = 2.6; 95% CI: 1.5, 4.4), perceived threats (AOR = 4.5; 95% CI: 2.6, 7.6), perceived benefits (AOR = 2.3; 95% CI: 1.1, 4.9), perceived barriers (AOR = 0.4; 95% CI: 0.3, 0.7) were factors significantly associated with pregnant women’s intention. Pregnant women’s intention to give birth in a healthcare setting is low in the study area. Strengthening information communication with healthcare professionals and reducing threats and barriers that affect pregnant women’s intentions is essential. Moreover, we recommend further research with mixed methods.
Welfare effect analysis of pay-as-you-go pension system: Deconstruction from the perspective of relative utility and social equality
Authors: Hu Jin , Stauvermann Peter J.
Published: May 2024

This paper studies the redistributive effects of two major pay-as-you-go pension systems by constructing an intergenerational iterative model which does not only considers standard utility but also relative utility. The study find that the two main pay-as-you-go pension systems are both sustainable. If we consider different preferences, then the choice of pension system should depend on the question of whether individuals are more interested in the absolute level of consumption or in the consumption related to a reference group. If the latter is more important, the Beveridgean system is superior, it provides greater protection for vulnerable groups than the Bismarck pension system, and the pension income after retirement is relatively more balanced, but the price is a lower level of consumption in the long run compared to an economy with Bismarckian system. If individuals prefer instead the absolute level of consumption, the Bismarckian system is better, because it guarantees a comparable higher level of consumption, but the disadvantaged groups face a higher risk of poverty and the degree of social inequality will be relatively higher. However, it is important to note that in the long run, only the level of consumption differs, not the speed of growth or number of children.
Short-term prediction of PM2.5 concentration by hybrid neural network based on sequence decomposition
Authors: Wu Xiaoxuan , Zhu Jun , Wen Qiang
Published: May 2024

Accurate forecasting of PM2.5 concentrations serves as a critical tool for mitigating air pollution. This study introduces a novel hybrid prediction model, termed MIC-CEEMDAN-CNN-BiGRU, for short-term forecasting of PM2.5 concentrations using a 24-hour historical data window. Utilizing the Maximal Information Coefficient (MIC) for feature selection, the model integrates Complete Ensemble Empirical Mode Decomposition with Adaptive Noise (CEEMDAN), Convolutional Neural Network (CNN), and Bidirectional Recurrent Gated Neural Network (BiGRU) to optimize predictive accuracy. We used 2016 PM2.5 monitoring data from Beijing, China as the empirical basis of this study and compared the model with several deep learning frameworks. RNN, LSTM, GRU, and other hybrid models based on GRU, respectively. The experimental results show that the prediction results of the hybrid model proposed in this question are more accurate than those of other models, and the R2 of the hybrid model proposed in this paper improves the R2 by nearly 5 percentage points compared with that of the single model; reduces the MAE by nearly 5 percentage points; and reduces the RMSE by nearly 11 percentage points. The results show that the hybrid prediction model proposed in this study is more accurate than other models in predicting PM2.5.
Structural validity of the Rosenberg self-esteem scale in patients with schizophrenia in Indonesia
Authors: Muslih Muhammad , Chung Min-Huey
Published: May 2024

Background

The Rosenberg self-esteem scale (RSES) is a commonly employed instrument for measuring self-esteem in the general population and those with mental illness. However, confirmatory factor analyses (CFA) to determine the structural validity of the RSES for schizophrenia patients in Indonesia are limited.

Objectives

We examined the structural validity of the RSES as a measurement for patients with schizophrenia in Indonesia through confirmatory factor analyses (CFA), as well as assessing internal consistency and reliability.

Methods

The sample comprised 260 participants. Over two weeks, 30 subjects were added to investigate test-retest reliability. The structural validity analyzed was based on a CFA to determine the model fit. We used internal consistency (Ordinal alpha) to evaluate the reliability evidence.

Results

Four different models were analyzed in this study. Considering the single-factor model (Model 1a), the overall fit criteria were inadequate. However, after some modification indices, all fit criteria were significantly adequate (Model 1b). The adequacy of all fit standards remained satisfactory when the two-factor model (Model 2) and hierarchical model (Model 3) were applied. The RSES had an ordinal alpha coefficient of 0.75. While 0.89 and 0.88 for the positive and negative self-esteem subscale, respectively. Test-retest reliability yielded adequate results with an interclass correlation score ranging from 0.87 to 0.93.

Conclusions

The current investigation provided evidence supporting the structural validity, internal consistency, and reliability of the RSES, indicating that the RSES can be considered a valid and reliable measurement. A two-factor model of RSES was an appropriate model to measure self-esteem in our study. This finding suggests that the use of the RSES is beneficial and applicable in assessing levels of self-esteem in individuals diagnosed with schizophrenia in Indonesia.
Sex differences in prognosis factors in patients with lung cancer: A nationwide retrospective cohort study in Korea
Authors: Huh Youn , Sohn Yeo Ju , Kim Hae-Rim , Chun Hyejin , Kim Hwa Jung , Son Ki Young
Published: May 2024

Large-scale studies elucidating sex differences in factors impacting prognosis and sex-specific prognossis factors scoring in patients with lung cancer are insufficient. The present study aimed to develop a model to predict sex-specific prognosis factors in Korean patients with lung cancer. This nationwide cohort study included 96,255 patients aged ≥19 years diagnosed with lung cancer and underwent Korean National Health Insurance Service health examinations between January 1, 2005 and December 31, 2015 and followed until 2020. Factors associated with prognosis were estimated using multivariable Cox proportional hazards regression analyses, and separate prognosis scores were calculated for male and female patients. The sex-specific risk scoring models were validated with Kaplan–Meier survival curves and c-statistic. During a mean follow-up of 2.8 years, 60.5% of the patients died. In male patients with lung cancer, age ≥ 65 years (24 points) had the highest mortality risk score, followed by chemotherapy in combination with radiotherapy (16 points), chemotherapy (14 points), and radiotherapy (11 points). In female patients with lung cancer, chemotherapy in combination with radiotherapy (19 points) had the highest mortality risk score, followed by chemotherapy (16 points), age ≥ 65 years (13 points), and radiotherapy (13 points). The analysis of patients categorized into three risk groups based on risk scores revealed that the fatality rates within 5 years were 7%, 54%, and 89% in the low-, intermediate-, and high-risk groups for male patients and 3%, 46%, 85% in the low-, intermediate-, and high-risk groups for female patients, respectively. The c-statistic was 0.86 for male patients and 0.85 for female patients. The strongest fatality risk factors in lung cancer were age ≥ 65 years in male patients and chemotherapy in female patients. The present study developed sex-specific prognosis scoring models to predict fatality risk in patients with lung cancer.
Tourism marketing in the metaverse: A systematic literature review, building blocks, and future research directions
Authors: Sánchez-Amboage Eva , Crespo-Pereira Verónica , Membiela-Pollán Matías , Jesús Faustino João Paulo
Published: May 2024

The aim of this research is to investigate tourist marketing within the embryonic context of the metaverse in order to comprehend the building blocks and the primary technologies employed in the sector. A systematic literature review (SLR) was conducted on 386 articles, with an overall qualitative approach that included 86 references, all of which dealt with the topic of the metaverse and had direct or potential implications for the tourism sector (hotels, restaurants, means of transport, leisure activities and destination itself). The articles are taken from: Science Direct, Taylor & Francis, Emerald, Springer and Google Scholar. The SLR was carried out according to the PRISMA search protocol. The results indicate the technologies that have been most thoroughly studied at the confluence of marketing, tourism, and the metaverse (AI, virtual reality, augmented reality, mixed reality, blockchain, tokens (NFTs) and digital twins). Moreover, they establish the foundational components of tourism marketing in the metaverse for the first time (tourism products, the metaverse as a distribution and branding channel for tourism and, tourist customer as protagonist). Finally, the study exposes research gaps and recommends future directions for exploration (monetization of products in the metaverse, promotion and marketing strategies in the metaverse, new profiles for marketing professionals, policy development that regulates commercial activity in the metaverse).
Tamarix aphylla derived metabolites ameliorate indomethacin-induced gastric ulcers in rats by modulating the MAPK signaling pathway, alleviating oxidative stress and inflammation: In vivo study supported by pharmacological network analysis
Authors: H. Altemani Faisal , H. Elmaidomy Abeer , H. Abu-Baih Dalia , M. Abdel Zaher Azza , Mokhtar Fatma Alzahraa , A. Algehainy Naseh , T. Bakhsh Hussain , Bringmann Gerhard , Ramadan Abdelmohsen Usama , Abdelhafez Omnia Hesham
Published: May 2024

Nature has proven to be a treasure resource of bioactive metabolites. In this regard, Tamarix aphylla (F. Tamaricaceae) leaves crude extract was investigated for its gastroprotective effect against indomethacin-induced damage to the gastric mucosa. Additionally, phytochemical investigation of the methanolic extract afforded eight flavonoids’ derivatives (1–8). On pharmacology networking study, the isolated compounds identified 123 unique targets where only 45 targets were related to peptic ulcer conditions, these 45 targets include 11 targets specifically correlate to gastric ulcer. The protein-protein interaction defined the PTGS2 gene as one of the highly interacted genes and the complete pharmacology network defined the PTGS2 gene as the most represented gene. The top KEGG signaling pathways according to fold enrichment analysis was the EGFR tyrosine kinase inhibitor resistance pathway. As a result, these findings highlighted the significance of using T. aphylla leaves crude extract as an anti-gastric ulcer candidate, which provides a safer option to chemical antisecretory medicines, which are infamous for their negative side effects. Our findings have illuminated the potent anti-inflammatory and antioxidant effects of T. aphylla, which are likely mediated by suppressing IL-1β, IL-6, TNF-α, and MAPK signaling pathways, without compromising gastric acidity.
Sodium arsenite and arsenic trioxide differently affect the oxidative stress of lymphoblastoid cells: An intricate crosstalk between mitochondria, autophagy and cell death
Authors: Rainey Nathan Earl , Armand Anne-Sophie , Petit Patrice X.
Published: May 2024

Although the toxicity of arsenic depends on its chemical forms, few studies have taken into account the ambiguous phenomenon that sodium arsenite (NaAsO2) acts as a potent carcinogen while arsenic trioxide (ATO, As2O3) serves as an effective therapeutic agent in lymphoma, suggesting that NaAsO2and As2O3may act via paradoxical ways to either promote or inhibit cancer pathogenesis. Here, we compared the cellular response of the two arsenical compounds, NaAsO2and As2O3, on the Burkitt lymphoma cell model, the Epstein Barr Virus (EBV)-positive P3HR1 cells. Using flow cytometry and biochemistry analyses, we showed that a NaAsO2treatment induces P3HR1 cell death, combined with drastic drops in ΔΨm, NAD(P)H and ATP levels. In contrast, As2O3-treated cells resist to cell death, with a moderate reduction of ΔΨm, NAD(P)H and ATP. While both compounds block cells in G2/M and affect their protein carbonylation and lipid peroxidation, As2O3induces a milder increase in superoxide anions and H2O2than NaAsO2, associated to a milder inhibition of antioxidant defenses. By electron microscopy, RT-qPCR and image cytometry analyses, we showed that As2O3-treated cells display an overall autophagic response, combined with mitophagy and an unfolded protein response, characteristics that were not observed following a NaAsO2treatment. As previous works showed that As2O3reactivates EBV in P3HR1 cells, we treated the EBV-Ramos-1 cells and showed that autophagy was not induced in these EBV-cells upon As2O3treatment suggesting that the boost of autophagy observed in As2O3-treated P3HR1 cells could be due to the presence of EBV in these cells. Overall, our results suggest that As2O3is an autophagic inducer which action is enhanced when EBV is present in the cells, in contrast to NaAsO2, which induces cell death. That’s why As2O3is combined with other chemicals, as all-trans retinoic acid, to better target cancer cells in therapeutic treatments.