bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Numerical Research on the Effect of the Initial Parameters of a CME Flux-rope Model on Simulation Results. II. Different Locations of Observers
Authors: Shen Fang , Liu Yousheng , Yang Yi
Published: July 2021

In numerical studies of the initiation and propagation of coronal mass ejections (CMEs), it has been proven that the shape, size, and plasma parameters of CMEs could significantly affect simulation results and subsequent space weather predictions. In our previous research, we proposed a new way to initiate a CME based on the graduated cylindrical shell model, and studied the effect of different initial parameters of CMEs on the simulation results when the observer is aligned with the initial propagation direction of the CME. In this paper, we investigate the influence of the different initial parameters of CMEs on simulation results at the observational points with different longitudes and latitudes. Our results indicate that as long as the initial mass of the CME remains unchanged, the initial geometric thickness will have a different influence in the latitudinal and longitudinal directions. The deflection of the CMEs always occurs in both latitudinal and longitudinal directions, when the CMEs interact with the background solar wind structures, such as the corotating interaction region, in the heliosphere.
Sensitivity Study of r-process Abundances to Nuclear Masses
Authors: Jiang 姜 X. F. 晓飞 , Wu 吴 X. H. 鑫辉 , Zhao 赵 P. W. 鹏巍
Published: July 2021

The impact of nuclear mass uncertainties on the r-process abundances has been systematically studied with the classical r-process model by varying the mass of every individual nucleus in the range of ±0.1 to ±3.0 MeV based on six different mass models. A new quantitative relation between the uncertainties of r-process abundances and those of the nuclear masses is extracted, i.e., a mass uncertainty of ±0.5 MeV would lead to an abundance uncertainty of a factor around 2.5. It is found that this conclusion holds true for various mass models.
Machine Learning the Sixth Dimension: Stellar Radial Velocities from 5D Phase-space Correlations
Authors: Dropulic Adriana , Ostdiek Bryan , Chang Laura J. , Liu Hongwan , Cohen Timothy , Lisanti Mariangela
Published: July 2021

The Gaia satellite will observe the positions and velocities of over a billion Milky Way stars. In the early data releases, the majority of observed stars do not have complete 6D phase-space information. In this Letter, we demonstrate the ability to infer the missing line-of-sight velocities until more spectroscopic observations become available. We utilize a novel neural network architecture that, after being trained on a subset of data with complete phase-space information, takes in a star’s 5D astrometry (angular coordinates, proper motions, and parallax) and outputs a predicted line-of-sight velocity with an associated uncertainty. Working with a mock Gaia catalog, we show that the network can successfully recover the distributions and correlations of each velocity component for stars that fall within ∼5 kpc of the Sun. We also demonstrate that the network can accurately reconstruct the velocity distribution of a kinematic substructure in the stellar halo that is spatially uniform, even when it comprises a small fraction of the total star count.
Investigating the Condensation of Benzene (C6H6) in Titan’s South Polar Cloud System with a Combination of Laboratory, Observational, and Modeling Tools
Authors: Dubois David , Iraci Laura T. , Barth Erika L. , Salama Farid , Vinatier Sandrine , Sciamma-O’Brien Ella
Published: July 2021

We have combined laboratory, modeling, and observational efforts to investigate the chemical and microphysical processes leading to the formation of the cloud system that formed at an unusually high altitude (>250 km) over Titan’s south pole after the northern spring equinox. We present here a study focused on the formation of C6H6 ice clouds at 87°S. As the first step of our synergistic approach, we have measured, for the first time, the equilibrium vapor pressure of pure crystalline C6H6 at low temperatures (134–158 K) representative of Titan’s atmosphere. Our laboratory data indicate that the experimental vapor pressure values are larger than those predicted by extrapolations found in the literature calculated from higher-temperature laboratory measurements. We have used our experimental results along with temperature profiles and C6H6 mixing ratios derived from observational data acquired by the Cassini Composite Infrared Spectrometer (CIRS) as input parameters in the coupled microphysics radiative transfer Community Aerosol and Radiation Model for Atmospheres (CARMA). CARMA simulations constrained by these input parameters were conducted to derive C6H6 ice particle size distribution, gas volume mixing ratios, gas relative humidity, and cloud altitudes. The impact of the vapor pressure on the CIRS data analysis and in the CARMA simulations was investigated and resulted in both cases in benzene condensation occurring at lower altitude in the stratosphere than previously thought. In addition, the stratospheric C6H6 gas abundances predicted with the new saturation relationship are ∼1000× higher than previous calculations between 150–200 km, which results in larger particle sizes.
Wikipedia for multilingual COVID-19 vaccine education at scale
Authors: Rasberry Lane , Mietchen Daniel
Published: July 2021

We present the design of a project to develop Wikipedia content on general vaccine safety and the COVID-19 vaccines, specifically. This proposal describes what a team would need to distribute public health information in Wikipedia in multiple languages in response to a disaster or crisis, and to measure and report the communication impact of the same. Researchers at the School of Data Science at the University of Virginia made this proposal in response to a February 2021 call from a sponsor which was seeking to share public health information to respond globally to vaccine hesitancy related to the COVID-19 vaccines. This proposal was not selected for funding, and now the research team is sharing the proposal here with an open copyright license for anyone to reuse and remix. Most of the text here is from the original proposal, but there are modifications to remove the names of the funder, named partners, and for other details to make this text more reusable. The budget in this proposal has been converted from a dollar amount to equivalent descriptions in terms of labor hours, and the timeline was adapted from absolute to relative months.
Two new species of monogenoidean parasites (Platyhelminthes: Neodermata) of ornamental fish of Loricariidae (Siluriformes) from the Xingu River, Brazilian Amazon
Authors: Branches Bárbara , Muriel-Cunha Janice , Domingues Marcus Vinícius
Published: July 2021

Two new monogenoidean species of Unilatus Mizelle & Kritsky, 1967 found in the gills of loricariids in the Lower Xingu-Iriri rivers are described: Unilatus humboldtii sp. nov. from Baryancistrus niveatus (Castelnau, 1855), Panaque armbrusteri Lujan, Hidalgo & Stewart, 2010, Pseudacanthicus sp. (type-host), and Scobinancistrus aureatus Burgess, 1994; and Unilatus luciarappae sp. nov. from P. armbrusteri. Unilatus humboldtii sp. nov. is distinguished from other congeneric species due to its anterior anchor with well-developed superficial root with depressed or truncated distal portion, and inconspicuous or reduced deep root; anterior bar with posteromedial projection; hooks of pair 1 with dilated shaft comprising 2/3 of the hook length; spiraled male copulatory organ with approximately 16–18 counterclockwise loops. Unilatus luciarappae sp. nov. is characterized by having anterior anchor with well-developed superficial root and reduced deep root, slightly curved shaft, elongated, slightly curved, and tapered point; spiraled MCO with approximately 18–19 counterclockwise loops, with median distal bulbous portion and remaining portion tapered and elongated, comprising 1/4 of the body length; and accessory piece comprising approximately 2/3 of the MCO length. More than fifty years after the description of the type species of Unilatus from an artificial environment (U.S. aquaria), this study represents the first formal record and description of Unilatus species from hosts collected in natural habitats in the Xingu River. Considering the impact of the Belo Monte dam on the formerly pristine conditions of the study region and the importance of loricariids for the ornamental fish trade, we recommend monitoring monogenoidean diversity, parasite-host interaction, as well as the dispersion patterns and pathogenicity of these parasites.
“It may help you to know…”: The Early-phase Qualitative Development of a Rheumatoid Arthritis Goal Elicitation Tool
Authors: Kahler Julie , Mastarone Ginnifer , Matsumoto Rachel , ZuZero Danielle , Dougherty Jacob , Barton Jennifer L.
Published: July 2021

Objective

Treatment guidelines for rheumatoid arthritis (RA) include a patient-centered approach and shared decision making, which includes a discussion of patient goals. We describe the iterative early development of a structured goal elicitation tool to facilitate goal communication for persons with RA and their clinicians.

Methods

Tool development occurred in 3 phases: (1) clinician feedback on the initial prototype during a communication training session; (2) semistructured interviews with RA patients; and (3) community stakeholder feedback on elements of the goal elicitation tool in a group setting and electronically. Feedback was dynamically incorporated into the tool.

Results

Clinicians (n = 15) and patients (n = 10) provided feedback on the tool prototypes. Clinicians preferred a shorter tool deemphasizing goals outside of their perceived treatment domain or available resources; they highlighted the benefits of the tool to facilitate conversation but raised concerns regarding current constraints of the clinic visit. Patients endorsed the utility of such a tool to support agenda setting and preparing for a visit. Clinicians, patients, and community stakeholders reported the tool was useful but identified barriers to implementation that the tool could itself resolve.

Conclusion

A goal elicitation tool for persons with RA and their clinicians was iteratively developed with feedback from multiple stakeholders. The tool can provide a structured way to communicate patient goals within a clinic visit and help overcome reported barriers such as time constraints. Incorporating a structured communication tool to enhance goal communication and foster shared decision making may lead to improved outcomes and higher-quality care in RA.
A Novel Algorithm Using Within-leg Calibration for Enhanced Accuracy of Detection of Arthritis by Infrared Thermal Imaging in Children
Authors: Zhao Yongdong , Iyer Ramesh S. , Thapa Mahesh , Biswas Debosmita , Bhide Nivrutti , Scheck Joshua , Cain Kevin , Partridge Savannah C. , Wallace Carol A.
Published: July 2021

Objective

To standardize and improve the accuracy of detection of arthritis by thermal imaging.

Methods

Children with clinically active arthritis in the knee or ankle, as well as healthy controls, were enrolled to the development cohort; another group of children with knee symptoms was enrolled to the validation cohort. Ultrasound was performed in the arthritis subgroup for the development cohort. Joint exam by certified rheumatologists was used as a reference for the validation cohort. Infrared thermal data were analyzed using custom software. Temperature after within-limb calibration (TAWiC) was defined as the temperature differences between joint and ipsilateral mid-tibia. TAWiC of knees and ankles was evaluated using ANOVA across subgroups. Optimal thresholds were determined by receiver-operating characteristic analysis using Youden index.

Results

There were significant differences in mean and 95th TAWiC of knee in anterior, medial, lateral views, and of ankles in anterior view, between inflamed and uninflamed counterparts (P< 0.05). The area under the curve was higher by 30% when using TAWiCkneethan that when using absolute temperature. Within the validation cohort, the sensitivity of accurate detection of arthritis in the knees using both mean and 95th TAWiC from individual views or all 3 views combined ranged from 0.60 to 0.70, and the specificity was > 0.90 in all views.

Conclusion

Children with active arthritis or tenosynovitis in knees or ankles exhibited higher TAWiC than healthy joints. Our validation cohort study showed promise for the clinical utility of infrared thermal imaging for arthritis detection.
Le soignant imaginaire
Authors: Marin Catherine
Published: July 2021

Construire un idéal soignant est important, il est à la source de la motivation à soigner. Mais construire et déconstruire, ajuster cet idéal au réel est nécessaire et peut être au bout du compte libérateur. On peut être, dans le soin, ignorant de certaines choses et compétent par ailleurs, insuffisant et dévoué, ou encore fragile et fort. N’est-ce pas cette humilité qui nous aide à prévenir les risques graves de l’épuisement professionnel face à l’inéluctable de la mort ?
La vulnérabilité au cœur de celui qui soigne en soins palliatifs
Authors: Robo Arlette
Published: July 2021

Il serait confortable d’aller vers une pensée primaire qui opposerait sur un mode manichéen, d’un côté les patients, souffrants, vulnérables ; et de l’autre, les soignants, « sachants » et tout-puissants. Une telle approche binaire écarterait toute la dialectique et la complexité qui participent à la relation soignant-soigné. Dans cette rencontre, plusieurs registres de l’être sont mobilisés et entretiennent la porosité des frontières soignant-soigné.
Exposition à la souffrance : puissance ou impuissance de la vulnérabilité ?
Authors: Weber Jean-Christophe
Published: July 2021

L’ambivalence de la notion de vulnérabilité nuit à son intérêt, qui est d’une part de faire contrepoids à l’exaltation de l’autonomie quand il s’agit du malade, et d’autre part de mettre l’accent sur la sensibilité nécessaire du soignant pour apprécier correctement la singularité des situations. Elle amoindrit la puissance thérapeutique, laquelle intègre comme une de ses composantes essentielles une puissance de recevoir et pas seulement celle d’agir sur un malade-patient.
L’Afrique à l’aube d’une forte gérontocroissance : vieillissement hétérogène et enjeux en matière de santé
Authors: Sajoux Muriel
Published: July 2021

Bien que le continent africain reste caractérisé par la jeunesse de sa population, il va connaître en quelques décennies seulement une très forte augmentation des effectifs de personnes âgées. Compte tenu de la situation globalement préoccupante des aînés africains en matière d’accès à des biens et services de santé en adéquation avec leurs besoins, la rapide gérontocroissance annoncée interroge la capacité des systèmes de santé à s’adapter à cette nouvelle donne. Tout en rappelant plusieurs éléments clés de l’hétérogénéité démographique du continent, cet article met en relief l’importance et la pluralité des enjeux reliant vieillissement et santé en Afrique. Il souligne également que la pandémie de Covid-19 et ses multiples et lourdes conséquences, notamment sur le plan socio-économique, complexifient grandement tout objectif de réduction de la vulnérabilité des aînés et des futurs aînés africains.
What Are the Pleasures of a Slave? The Politics of Affect in Antebellum US Slave Narratives
Authors: Marsoin Édouard
Published: July 2021

Les récits d’esclaves sont des récits de souffrance qui ne vont pas sans joie. Si les souffrances des esclaves ont fait l’objet de nombreuses études, cet article se propose d’explorer leur contrepoint : plaisirs et joies qui, via leur mise en récit, acquièrent une dimension politique. Pour les esclaves, aucun plaisir n’est innocent, tout plaisir est politique, voire biopolitique, partie prenante des mécanismes disciplinaires des maîtres, qui font que leurs plaisirs peuvent être à la fois complices du système disciplinaire et signes de jouissance propre. Néanmoins, face aux régulations biopolitiques des plaisirs des esclaves, les récits d’esclaves peuvent produire un contre-discours politique via la mise en récit de « maigres joies » et plaisirs alternatifs, qui acquièrent une valeur infrapolitique et subjectivante.
Elizabeth Stoddard’s Depravity
Authors: Looby Christopher
Published: July 2021

« I was moved and governed by my sensations », déclare Cassandra Morgeson, la narratrice de The Morgesons (1862) d’Elizabeth Stoddard. Cassandra est franche et ne s’excuse pas de son goût pour le plaisir et les expériences sensorielles extrêmes. Sa passion de la lecture nourrit et guide ce goût dépravé des sensations violentes. The Morgesons, à son tour, est un roman qui célèbre de manière autoréflexive les romans pour leur capacité à donner du plaisir, et tente de donner à ses lecteurs et lectrices toutes sortes de plaisirs sensoriels. Il dépeint également avec soin ce que l’on considère habituellement comme des moments successifs dans l’histoire de la sexualité. Ces moments sont compris comme chronologiquement simultanés mais géographiquement répartis en différents lieux de Nouvelle-Angleterre, entre lesquels Cassandra évolue.
The Pleasures of a Saint, the Pleasures of a Plant: William James, Walt Whitman, and the Varieties of Hedonic Experience
Authors: Jonik Michael
Published: July 2021

Cet article prend pour point de départ les explorations du plaisir et de la volonté de William James dans ses Principes de psychologie (1890). Il montre comment James valorise l’approche optimiste des phénomènes de Walt Whitman comme un exemple de « religion de l’esprit sain » (« religion of healthy-mindedness ») et, plus tard, comme un panthéisme moniste et un empirisme proto-radical pluraliste. Je montre comment James juxtapose les plaisirs de Whitman aux plaisirs de la perception régénérée et de l’extase ascétique chez les saints chrétiens, ainsi qu’à la théorie panpsychique de Gustav Fechner concernant les plaisirs des plantes. À travers les figures de Whitman, du saint et de la plante, James souligne à la fois les variétés de l’expérience du plaisir et une réceptivité tempéramentale au plaisir qui dénote une vie digne d’être vécue.
Renforcer la capacité administrative dans les États en développement au Chili et à Singapour : une perspective comparative
Authors: Shamsul Haque M. , Puppim de Oliveira José A.
Published: July 2021

La capacité administrative dépend de la nature de l’état, dont le système administratif fait partie intégrante. Ces dernières années, on a assisté à une reprise des débats sur le rôle de l’administration publique dans les États en développement en Asie du Sud-Est et en Amérique latine. Une composante analytique majeure des États en développement concerne leur capacité administrative et la manière de la renforcer. Il existe d’importantes variations dans la capacité administrative entre les États en développement, qui s’expliquent par les divergences de leurs contextes historiques, économiques, politiques et culturels. Dans le présent article, nous comparons deux cas transcontinentaux (Singapour et le Chili) sur le plan de la formation des États en développement et de la manière dont ils façonnent leurs systèmes administratifs et leurs initiatives de renforcement des capacités. Nous examinons les divergences dans la formation de ces États et les facteurs contextuels qui affectent leur capacité administrative. Nous concluons cet article avec quelques généralisations, afin de proposer un cadre analytique pour des recherches plus approfondies et suggérons des politiques nécessaires pour la mise en place d’une capacité administrative efficace. Remarques à l’intention des praticiens Le présent article souligne l’importance du renforcement des capacités administratives pour le développement. Nous étudions la mesure dans laquelle ces capacités sont façonnées par la formation de l’État dans le cadre duquel l’administration publique fonctionne. En expliquant cette relation entre la formation de l’État et l’administration publique, notre article s’intéresse spécifiquement à l’État « promoteur », compare deux cas transcontinentaux (Singapour et le Chili) en ce qui concerne la manière dont ces deux États-promoteurs diffèrent et provoquent des variations dans leurs systèmes administratifs, et explique les principaux facteurs contextuels qui conduisent à ces variations. Cette compréhension est essentielle pour concevoir des politiques efficaces de renforcement des capacités administratives dans tout pays en fonction de la formation de son État et de son contexte.
Observations de pratiques de professeurs-stagiaires. Quelles évolutions des savoirs professionnels ?
Authors: Jean Alain
Published: July 2021

La formation des enseignants a subi de nombreuses réformes ces dernières années. L’observation des pratiques des professeurs stagiaires, au travers de l’activité qu’ils déploient en situation de classe, pourrait permettre de repérer un certain nombre de savoirs professionnels en cours d’élaboration ou de stabilisation. Cet article propose de donner quelques résultats d’une recherche longitudinale menée en 2011, qui consistait à observer les pratiques d’enseignants débutants pendant une année scolaire. Des enregistrements vidéo de classe et des autoconfrontations ont été menés régulièrement avec trois professeurs stagiaires sur leur lieu de stage en responsabilité. De façon plus précise, notre question de recherche portait sur les évolutions des pratiques repérables et observables. Quelles formes peuvent prendre ces évolutions de pratiques ? Quel type de développement professionnel est en œuvre chez les enseignants stagiaires ? Quels éléments construisent ces pratiques, ces développements professionnels et quelles sont les évolutions de ces éléments durant l’année scolaire particulière que vivent ces enseignants en formation par alternance ? L’article se centre sur les savoirs professionnels mobilisés par ces enseignants débutants et sur leur évolution pendant l’année scolaire.
Le mémoire en formation infirmière en France : exemple d’un dispositif à visée socioconstructiviste
Authors: Boissart Marielle
Published: July 2021

L’universitarisation de la formation infirmière en France place la recherche infirmière comme un enjeu crucial dans l’évolution de la professionnalité. Développer les compétences requises pour répondre aux besoins de santé de la population constitue un véritable défi. Afin de répondre à ce double mouvement d’universitarisation et de professionnalisation, les réflexions pédagogiques occupent une place centrale dans la construction des dispositifs de formation. Dans cet article, nous présentons une recherche-expérimentation au sein de notre institution qui relate la mise en place d’un dispositif conçu selon une approche socioconstructiviste. Ainsi, les étudiants réalisent une soutenance individuelle formative en rapport avec leur mémoire, devant leurs pairs et un jury cadre de santé formateur. Au point de départ d’une méthodologie de recherche aprioriste, les champs de la psychologie, de la sociologie et de l’anthropologie viennent éclairer l’impact d’une approche pédagogique interactionniste lors de l’élaboration du mémoire de recherche sur le processus de professionnalisation de l’étudiant. Les résultats font ressortir que le mémoire contribue à la professionnalisation grâce à la conceptualisation qu’il sollicite, à la capacité de réflexivité qui lui est corrélée. Néanmoins, ils pointent clairement que les savoirs ne se construisent pas uniquement dans l’interaction sociale. Le cadre de santé formateur a en effet, un rôle de médiateur et de régulateur des apprentissages afin de transformer les processus interpersonnels en processus intrapersonnels.
Les évaluations nationales de CM2 : modes de passation et spécificités disciplinaires
Authors: Menouar Elisabeth , Bart Daniel
Published: July 2021

Cet article rend compte de recherches sur les évaluations nationales de CM2 en français et en mathématiques et plus précisément sur leur passation effective en classe. En nous appuyant sur une première modélisation des séances d’évaluation, sur des observations en classe, des entretiens avec des enseignants et l’étude des prescriptions, nous analysons la mise en œuvre de ces épreuves et leurs spécificités disciplinaires. Nous mettons ainsi en évidence l’instabilité du cadrage disciplinaire de ces évaluations, la variabilité des modes d’actualisation du protocole de passation et les tensions relatives à la gestion temporelle des séances. Nos conclusions reviennent sur des questions méthodologiques et des perspectives de recherche sur les évaluations institutionnelles.
Impact of a Peripheral Vascular Access Service on Device Use
Authors: Wells Celia , Zhang Ziya , Chan Christy , Brito Amy , Kohli-Seth Roopa
Published: July 2021

Background

More than 1 billion peripheral vascular access devices are inserted annually worldwide with potential complications including infection, thrombosis, and vasculature damage. Vasculature damage can necessitate the use of central catheters, which carry additional risks such as central catheter–associated bloodstream infections. To address these concerns, one institution used expert nurses and a consult request system with algorithms embedded in the electronic medical record.

Objectives

To develop a uniform process for catheter insertion by means of a peripheral vascular access service dedicated to selecting, placing, and maintaining all inpatient peripheral catheters outside of the intensive care units.

Methods

Descriptive analysis and χ2 analysis were done to describe the impact of the peripheral vascular access service.

Results

In 2018, 6246 consults were reviewed. Of these, 26% did not require vascular access. Similarly, in 2019, 7861 consults were reviewed, and 35.3% did not require vascular access. Use of central catheters decreased from 21% in 2017 to 17% in 2018 and 2019.

Conclusions

The peripheral vascular access service allowed patients to receive appropriate peripheral vascular access devices and avoid unnecessary peripheral catheter placements. This may have preserved patients’ peripheral vasculature and thus prevented premature central catheter placement and contributed to an overall decrease in central catheter days. With the peripheral vascular access service, peripheral vascular access devices were selected, placed, and maintained by experts with a standardized process that promoted a culture of quality and patient safety.
Mujeres migrantes latinoamericanas en trabajos masculinizados en Santiago: reconocimiento e interseccionalidad
Authors: Cárdenas María Elvira , Caro Molina Pamela
Published: July 2021

El artículo aborda la forma en que las mujeres migrantes, que trabajan en empleos masculinizados en Santiago, experimentan las relaciones e interacciones sociales. Se analizan estas desde las nociones de justicia de género y reconocimiento en sus entornos laborales, considerando la teoría del reconocimiento de Axel Honneth y la discusión teórica sobre interseccionalidad desde la perspectiva anglo y latinoamericana (Galaz, Pavez, Álvarez y Hedrera, 2019; Troncoso, Follegati y Stutzin, 2019; Espinoza, 2016; Curiel, 2014; Lugones, 2005 y Crenshaw, 1989). La metodología cualitativa empleada en esta investigación se basó en la realización de entrevistas en profundidad a dichas mujeres. Como principal resultado, se tiene que las migrantes experimentan injusticias de género relacionadas con la valoración cultural de sus capacidades específicas de éxito otorgadas en entornos laborales masculinizados. Asimismo, se concluye que esta injusticia de género que se presenta en los trabajos masculinizados se experimenta de una manera distinta cuando se intersectan otros ejes de opresión (como la nacionalidad ola clase social), desde los cuales no solo se evidencia la falta de reconocimiento, sinotambién cómo operan las herramientas de resistencia generadas por las mujeres migrantes.
Association of p73 G4C14-A4T14 and p53 codon 72 polymorphism with cervical cancer in Chinese population
Authors: Guo Haiyan , Wen Zhang , Yang Shaodi , Qi Hongyan
Published: July 2021

Background:

Cervical cancer is known to be the fourth most common cancer among women globally. In various factors, genetic factors have been considered as one major risk factor for cervical cancer. The research of genetic susceptibility to cervical cancer can be greatly helpful in studying the complex mechanism. This study was conducted to identify whether polymorphic variants of p73 G4C14-A4T14 and tumor protein p53 (p53) codon 72, either independently or jointly, might be associated with the risk of cervical cancer.

Methods:

The genotypes of p73 G4C14-A4T14 and p53 codon 72 polymorphisms of peripheral blood DNA from 190 cervical cancer patients and 210 controls were investigated using polymerase chain reaction with confronting two-pair primers and polymerase chain reaction-restriction fragment length polymorphism, respectively.

Results:

The frequency of p73 G4C14-A4T14 AT/AT (P = 0.013) or p53 codon 72 GG (P = 0.026) genotype was associated with an increased risk of cervical cancer by comparing with the p73 G4C14-A4T14 GC/GC or p53 codon 72 CC genotype, respectively. In addition, the interaction between the p73 G4C14-A4T14 and p53 codon 72 polymorphisms increased the risk of cervical cancer in a multiply manner, with the odds ratio being 3.692 (95% confidence interval =2.106-6.473) for subjects carrying both p73 G4C14-A4T14 GC/AT+AT/AT and p53 codon 72 GG genotypes.

Conclusion:

These results suggest that there is a statistical difference between p73 and p53 gene polymorphism and the risk of cervical cancer in Chinese women, and there is a potential gene-gene interaction in the incidence of cervical cancer.
Evaluation of acute hematological toxicity by machine learning in gynecologic cancers using postoperative radiotherapy
Authors: Akcay Melek , Etiz Durmus , Celik Ozer , Ozen Alaattin
Published: July 2021

Background:

The aim of the study is to investigate the factors affecting acute hematologic toxicity (HT) in the adjuvant radiotherapy (RT) of gynecologic cancers by machine learning.

Methods:

Between January 2015 and September 2018, 121 patients with endometrium and cervical cancer who underwent adjuvant RT with volumetric-modulated arc therapy (VMAT) were evaluated. The relationship between patient and treatment characteristics and acute HT was investigated using machine learning techniques, namely Logistic Regression, XGBoost, Artificial Neural Network, Random Forest, Naive Bayes, Support Vector Machine (SVM), and Gaussian Naive Bayes (GaussianNB) algorithms.

Results:

No HT was observed in 11 cases (9.1%) and at least one grade of HT was observed in 110 cases. There were 55 (45.5%) cases with ≤grade 2 HT (mild HT) and 66 (54.5%) cases with grade ≥3 HT (severe HT). None of the patients developed grade 5 HT. Of 24 variables that could affect acute HT, nine were determined as important variables. According to the results, the best machine learning technique for acute HT estimation was SVM (accuracy 70%, area under curve (AUC): 0.65, sensitivity 71.4%, specificity 66.6%). Parameters affecting hematologic toxicity were evaluated also by classical statistical methods and there was a statistically significant relationship between age, RT, and bone marrow (BM) maximum dose.

Conclusion:

It is important to predict the patients who will develop acute HT in order to minimize the side effects of treatment. If these cases can be identified in advance, toxicity rates can be reduced by taking necessary precautions. These cases can be predicted with machine learning algorithms.
Does restricting fluid volume impact post-ERCP pancreatitis in patient with heart disease?
Authors: Tomishima Ko , Ishii Shigeto , Fujisawa Toshio , Yatagai Noboru , Kabemura Daishi , Sato Sho , Amano Nozomi , Murata Ayato , Tsuzura Hironori , Sato Shunsuke , Matsumoto Kouhei , Shimada Yuji , Genda Takuya , Nagahara Akihito , Isayama Hiroyuki
Published: July 2021

Background:

To investigate patient characteristics and the risk of post endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography (ERCP) pancreatitis (PEP) in association with fluid volume and type during ERCP.

Methods:

Two hundred and forty seven of 480 patients with naïve papilla undergoing therapeutic ERCP between April 2013 and March 2018 were enrolled for the study. The following patient characteristics were investigated: age, sex, body mass index, previous diseases (heart disease, renal failure, cerebrovascular disorders, coexisting malignancy and pulmonary disease), history of PEP, common bile duct diameter, diverticula and volume of fluid infused 24 hours after the procedure. All ERCP cases had naïve papilla and had undergone treatment.

Results:

The incidence of PEP was 8.5%. Significant differences were observed in the volume of fluid infused between patients without and with a history of heart disease (1,380 vs. 1,755 mL). The mean volume of the infused fluid was significantly lower in the PEP than non-PEP group (1,483 vs. 1,688 mL, P = 0.02). Moreover, PEP incidence differed according to a fluid infusion cutoff of 1,000 mL (7 vs. 11 cases of PEP in those with ≦1,000 mL and >1,000 mL fluid volume, respectively, P < 0.001).

Conclusion:

Restricted fluid volume was a newly identified risk factor for PEP, particularly in patients with heart and renal diseases as comorbidities.
A Pilot Study of Antidepressant Therapy on Sleep Architecture in Patients with Depression in Congo
Authors: Dhillon Harpreet Singh , Sasidharan Shibu
Published: July 2021

Background:

A pilot prospective cohort study was conducted to study the sleep architecture and correlated perceived sleep disturbances in depressed Congolese patients with objective changes in sleep architecture using polysomnography (PSG) before and after antidepressant therapy.

Methods:

Patients were recruited into the study after applying strict inclusion and exclusion criterion to rule out other comorbidities which could influence sleep. A diagnosis of depressive episode was made based on the International Classification of Diseases-10 Edition DCR. Patients were evaluated using Beck Depressive inventory (BDI) and (Hamilton Depression Rating Scale (HAM-D) insomnia subscale on day 1 of admission. Patients also received sleep study using polysomnography on day 3 of the hospitalization. Patients were started on antidepressant treatment after polysomnography. Patients received an eight-week adequate trial of antidepressants, and BDI score being lower than 9 was considered as being remitted from depression. Polysomnography was repeated after that the patients achieved remission. Statistical analysis was done using Kruskal–Wallis test and Pearson's correlation coefficient.

Results:

The study results showed that significantly improved polysomnographic findings existed in total sleep time (p < 0.001), sleep efficiency (p < 0.001), wake after sleep onset (p < 0.001), and percentage wake time (p < 0.001) after taking antidepressants. HAM-D insomnia subscale was correlated with total sleep time (p < 0.001), sleep efficiency (p < 0.001), wake after sleep onset (p < 0.001), total wake time (p < 0.001), and N2 stage percentage (p < 0.001).

Conclusion:

Antidepressant treatment effectively improved sleep architecture in depressive disorder. HAM-D insomnia subscale was correlated with objective findings of total sleep time, sleep efficiency, wake after sleep onset, as well as total wake time and duration of N2 stage of nonrapid eye movement (NREM).
The Association between Depression or Stress and Internet Addiction
Authors: Vishwakarma Akash , Sharma Manoj Kumar
Published: July 2021

Objective:

In the current study, we intended to examine the association between affective states (depression, stress, and anxiety) and Internet addiction (IA).

Methods:

The study sample consisted of 291 individuals with the age of 18–40 years. We used an online survey on study participants with the IA Scale (20 items) and the Depression Anxiety Stress Scale-21.

Results:

The mean age ± standard deviation of the sample was 23.58 ± 4.40 years. The results of stepwise regression analysis indicated that depression (p < 0.001) and stress (p < 0.01) significantly contributed to IA. Anxiety did not significantly contribute to IA.

Conclusion:

This study showed that depression and stress were related to Internet use. This finding implies the need for early identifying depression and stress for giving an appropriate intervention for the individuals with IA.
Mental Health Services and Research and Development in South Korea
Authors: Chung Young-Chul , Park Subin , Roh Sungwon , Lee Bomi , Lee Youngmin , Rami Fatima Zahra , Li Ling , Shen Jie
Published: July 2021

Background:

South Korea or the Republic of Korea has an area of 100,412.6 km2, and population of 52 million (51,781,000).

Methods:

Besides our lifetime experiences in receiving training, teaching, and practicing psychiatry, the authors collected information from the literature pertinent to the mental health care in South Korea. This review is intended to familiarize the readers of the Taiwanese Journal of Psychiatry with the information of mental health-care service as well as research and development (R and D) in South Korea.

Results:

Despite consistent improvement in the overall health status in Korea, the mental health status of the population is low compared with other countries in the Organization for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD). For example, Korea has the highest suicide-related mortality and more years of life lost due to mental/behavioral diseases, compared to those of the average and a longer-than-average duration of hospital stay, respectively, of the OECD. Conversely, the government has made efforts to overhaul the mental health system. Several remarkable changes have been made in the areas of community-based service, involuntary admission, and unequal treatment.

Conclusion:

The mental health status is closely associated with the mental health service system, prevalence of mental disorders, health insurance system, admission system, and R and D budget for mental health. To change attitudes related to mental health, strong leadership among mental health professionals is urgently needed.
Geometric Structures in Group Theory
Authors: Bridson Martin R. , Druţu Cornelia , Kramer Linus , Rémy Bertrand , Schwer Petra
Published: July 2021

The conference focused on the use of geometric methods to study infinite groups and the interplay of group theory with other areas. One of the central techniques in geometric group theory is to study infinite discrete groups by their actions on nice, suitable spaces. These spaces often carry an interesting large-scale geometry, such as non-positive curvature or hyperbolicity in the sense of Gromov, or are equipped with rich geometric or combinatorial structure. From these actions one can investigate structural properties of the groups. This connection has become very prominent during the last years. In this context non-discrete topological groups, such as profinite groups or locally compact groups appear quite naturally. Likewise, analytic methods and operator theory play an increasing role in the area.
Cohomology of Finite Groups: Interactions and Applications
Authors: Adem Alejandro , Benson David J. , Castellana Natàlia , Krause Henning
Published: July 2021

The cohomology of finite groups is an important tool in many subjects including representation theory and algebraic topology. This meeting was the fifth in a series that has emphasized the interactions of group cohomology with other areas. In spite of the Covid-19 epidemic, this hybrid meeting ran smoothly with about half the participants physically present and the other half participating via Zoom.
Discrete Geometry
Authors: Adiprasito Karim A. , Goaoc Xavier , Rote Günter
Published: July 2021

A number of important recent developments in various branches of discrete geometry were presented at the workshop, which took place in hybrid format due to a pandemic situation. The presentations illustrated both the diversity of the area and its strong connections to other fields of mathematics such as topology, combinatorics, algebraic geometry or functional analysis. The open questions abound and many of the results presented were obtained by young researchers, confirming the great vitality of discrete geometry.
Actitudes populistas y percepciones de la opinión pública y los medios de comunicación: Estudio correlacional comparado entre España y Colombia
Authors: Romero-Rodríguez Luis M. , Tejedor Santiago , Pabón Montealegre María Victoria
Published: July 2021

Introducción: El populismo ha experimentado un crecimiento preocupante en la última década en diferentes enclaves del planeta. Este proceso, de cariz globalizador, se ha visto potenciado por las características de inmendiatez, interacción y participación de las redes sociales, los cibermedios y otras plataformas digitales. En este contexto, la percepción que la juventud confiere a este tipo de fenómenos constituye un campo de estudio de gran interés para las Ciencias Sociales. Partiendo de ello, esta investigación examina las correlaciones entre las actitudes populistas, la percepción de la opinión pública y las opiniones sobre los medios de comunicación en estudiantes de Ciencias de la Comunicación de Colombia y España. Metodología: A partir de un enfoque exploratorio-correlacional y un diseño cuantitativo sobre una adaptación del instrumento de Schultz, Wirth y Müller (2020), la presente investigación ha analizado las reflexiones y las prioridades de un grupo de n=499 estudiantes de grados y postgrados afines a Ciencias de la Comunicación de Colombia y España. Conclusiones: El estudio ha corroborado el papel protagónico que desempeñan las redes sociales en la formación de opiniones radicales, al tiempo que detecta una caída del influjo de la televisión entre el público joven. Además, el trabajo establece que el índice de percepción de la opinión pública resulta mayor en España, mientras que el de percepción mediática o el de actitudes anti-elitistas son superiores en Colombia. Se concluye que la media literacy es una estrategia crucial frente al crecimiento y expansión del populismo.
Performance of Translog and Cobb-Douglas models in the estimation of technical efficiency of Irish potato production in Plateau State, Nigeria
Authors: Uche C.O. , Umar H.S. , Girei A.A. , Ibrahim H.Y.
Published: July 2021

The study compared the performance of Cobb-Douglas and Translog frontier models in the analysis of technical efficiency in Irish potato production in Plateau State. A multistage sampling technique was employed to select 180 respondents for the study. Data were analyzed using stochastic frontier model in the Cobb-Douglas and the Translog functional forms. Results revealed that farm size and seed had  positive and significant coefficients under the Cobb-Douglas model. However, estimated Translog model showed that, while farm size and labour had negative relationships with output, fertilizer had a positive relationship. The elasticity estimates from both frontier models show that Irish potato farmers were operating at an increasing return to scale. The mean technical efficiency estimates were 68% and 59% for Cobb-Douglas and Translog models respectively. Hypothesis testing showed that there was a significant difference in the technicalefficiency estimates between the Cobb-Douglas and Translog frontier models. The inefficiency estimates revealed that education, household size and extension reduced inefficiency while farming experience increased inefficiency under the Cobb-Douglas model. None of the socioeconomics variables analysed in the Translog model for inefficiency was significant. It is recommended that training of the farmers on the optimum rate of input utilization and combination should be organized. The Cobb-Douglas model provided better results, in terms of economic and statistical properties of the coefficients, and therefore recommended for the estimation of technical efficiency of Irish potato farms in the study area.

Key words: Cobb-Douglas, performance, technical efficiency, translog
Does credit utilization lead to increasing farm outcome? a micro-perspective of tea production from Rwanda
Authors: Kabayiza A. , Owuor G. , Langat K.J. , Mugenzi P. , Niyitanga F.
Published: July 2021

Credit is a crucial factor for tea growers to pay for physical farm inputs mainly input fertilizers, research and development of high yielding tea clones and labour in order to improve the production of green tea leaf and to meet factories’ demand for raw materials. However, mismanagement of accessed credits by farmers has been reported among the snags affecting the sector development. The study analyzed the determinants and impact of credit utilization on farm income among smallholder tea growers in Nyaruguru District, Rwanda. Crosssectional tea household level data were collected from 358 farmers randomly selected from tea cooperatives. The credit utilization and causal effect were estimated using the Endogenous Switching Regression model. Results showed a positive and significant relationship between credit utilization and tea farm income. Precisely, the causal effect of credit is a 7% increase in tea income for farmers who utilised credit for tea production, while its potential effect is up to a 55% decrease in tea income for those who divert credit for out-off tea production uses. Furthermore, training on good agricultural practices and credit management, cost of farm inputs, labour and access to group credit significantly influence utilization of credit for tea production. However, the size of credit (cash) and off-farm businesses significantly increase the diversion of credit and level of tea farm income. Tea farmers are encouraged to use tea credits for planned projects. Sensitizing farmers to procure farm input fertilizers in bulk through cooperatives should be vigorously pursued to discourage credit diversion.

Key words: tea credits, tea farming households, farm income, endogenous switching regression
Plant powders protect stored wheat from infestation by lesser grain borer Rhyzopertha dominica (fabricius) (Bostrichidae: Coleoptera)
Authors: Negbenebor H.E. , Makanjuola W.A. , Nura S.
Published: July 2021

Rhyzopertha dominica (Bostrichidae: Coleoptera) is one of the most serious devastating insect pests attacking stored wheat grains in Nigeria. The most common strategy adopted in controlling this insect pest is the application of synthetic pesticides which is costly, toxic to non-target organisms and is non eco-friendly. Botanical pesticides are recently used as alternatives to synthetic pesticides due to their non-hazardous effect on the environment and non-target organisms, cost effectiveness and direct impacts on the target organisms. This study was carried out to determine the toxicity of leaf powders obtained from three species of plants: Ageratum conyzoides, Momordica charantia and Tephrosia vogelii in the control of R. dominica infestation on stored wheat grains. Five doses (0.50, 1.00, 2.00, 4.00 and 8.00 g) per 20.00 g were measured from the powdered leaves of the tested plants with ethanol treatment as the control (0.00 g 20.00 g-1). The powdered doses were applied onto wheat grains before the insects were introduced. The experiment was laid down in completely randomized design (CRD) with three replications. The data obtained was analyzed using analysis of variance at 5% probability level with Least Significant Difference used to separate the means. The results showed significant (p ≤ 0.05) differences in the magnitude of toxicity imparted by various doses of the powders on R. dominica. The treatments influence high rate of mortality, reduced number of laid eggs and emerged adults when compared with the control. The toxicity of the powders increased with increase in dosage. It was concluded that 8.00 g 20.00 g-1 of the powders were more toxic to R. dominica, inducing 28.00-77.30% insects’ mortality thereby protecting grain damage to as low as 1.04% at 6th month of storage. T. vogelii leaf powders were recommended for use against R. dominica in stored wheat grains.

Key words: botanicals, dose, lesser grain borer, wheat