bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Development and validation of a nomogram for predicting sepsis-induced coagulopathy in septic patients: mixed retrospective and prospective cohort study
Authors: Li Yuting , Zhang Liying , Wang Youquan , Gao Meng , Zhang Chaoyang , Zhang Yuhan , Zhang Dong
Published: March 2024

Background: Sepsis-induced coagulopathy (SIC) is a common cause of poor prognosis in critically ill patients in the intensive care unit (ICU). However, currently there are no tools specifically designed for predicting the occurrence of SIC in septic patients. This study aimed to develop a predictive nomogram incorporating clinical markers and scoring systems to individually predict the probability of SIC in septic patients.
Methods: Patients consecutively recruited in the stage between January 2022 and April 2023 constituted the development cohort for retrospective analysis to internally test the nomogram, and patients in the stage between May 2023 to November 2023 constituted the validation cohort for prospective analysis to external validate the nomogram. Firstly, multivariate logistic regression analysis of the development cohort was performed using backward stepwise method to determine the best fitting model and obtain the nomogram from it. The nomogram was validated in an independent external validation cohort, involving discrimination and calibration. A decision curve analysis was also performed to evaluate the net benefit of the insertion decision with this nomogram.
Results: A total of 548 and 245 patients, 55.1% and 49.4% with SIC occurrence, were included in the development and validation cohort, respectively. Predictors contained in the prediction nomogram included shock, platelets and international normalized ratio (INR). Patients with shock (OR, 4.499; 95% CI, 2.730-7.414; P < 0.001) , higher INR (OR, 349.384; 95% CI, 62.337-1958.221; P < 0.001) and lower platelet (OR, 0.985; 95% CI, 0.982-0.988; P < 0.001) had higher probabilities of SIC. The development model showed good discrimination, with an area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUROC) of 0.879（95%CI, 0.850-0.908）and good calibration. Application of the nomogram in the validation cohort also gave good discrimination with an AUROC of 0.872（95%CI,0.826-0.917）and good calibration. The decision curve analysis of the nomogram provided better net benefit than the alternate options (intervention or no intervention).
Conclusions: By incorporating shock, platelets and INR in the model, this useful nomogram could be accessibly utilized to predict SIC occurrence in septic patients. However, external validation is still required for further generalizability improvement of this nomogram.
Hybridizing mechanistic mathematical modeling with deep learning methods to predict individual cancer patient survival after immune checkpoint inhibitor therapy
Authors: Butner Joseph , Dogra Prashant , Chung Caroline , Koay Eugene , Welsh James , Hong David , Cristini Vittorio , Wang Zhihui
Published: March 2024

We present a study where predictive mechanistic modeling is used in combination with deep learning methods to predict individual patient survival probabilities under immune checkpoint inhibitor (ICI) therapy. This hybrid approach enables prediction based on both measures that are calculable from mechanistic models (but may not be directly measurable in the clinic) and easily measurable quantities or characteristics (that are not always readily incorporated into predictive mechanistic models). The mechanistic model we have applied here can predict tumor response from CT or MRI imaging based on key mechanisms underlying checkpoint inhibitor therapy, and in the present work, its parameters were combined with readily-available clinical measures from 93 patients into a hybrid training set for a deep learning time-to-event predictive model. Analysis revealed that training an artificial neural network with both mechanistic modeling-derived and clinical measures achieved higher per-patient predictive accuracy based on event-time concordance, Brier score, and negative binomial log-likelihood-based criteria than when only mechanistic model-derived values or only clinical data were used. Feature importance analysis revealed that both clinical and model-derived parameters play prominent roles in neural network decision making, and in increasing prediction accuracy, further supporting the advantage of our hybrid approach. We anticipate that many existing mechanistic models may be hybridized with deep learning methods in a similar manner to improve predictive accuracy through addition of additional data that may not be readily implemented in mechanistic descriptions.
Progression of early kidney injury in youth with type 2 diabetes: a follow-up analysis from the iCARE Cohort
Authors: Liu Anna , Sellers Elizabeth , McGavock Jon , Vecchio Melissa Del , Goguen Stephanie , Wicklow Brandy , Dart Allison
Published: March 2024

Background
Youth with type 2 diabetes (T2D) have high rates of albuminuria and mental health comorbidities. This study’s objective was to describe changes in albuminuria and estimated-GFR over 2 years and determine whether better baseline mental health is associated with decreased progression of albuminuria.
Methods
The iCARE (improving renal Complications in Adolescents with type 2 diabetes through REsearch) study is a prospective cohort study of youth living with T2D. The main outcomes were urine albumin-to-creatinine ratio (ACR) and estimated-GFR measured at baseline and 2-year follow-up. Mediators of interest were measures of mental health assessed using the Kessler Psychological Distress Scale (K6), Perceived Stress Scale (PSS-14), Resilience Scale for Children and Adolescents, and Child and Youth Resilience Measure.
Results
There were 188 youth with T2D included; 68.1% were female, mean age was 14.2 years (SD 2.2), median HbA1C was 8.9%, and median duration of diabetes was 1.69 years (IQR 0.84–3.08). At baseline, 17.2% had significant psychological distress (K6 ≥13) and 54.6% significant perceived stress scores (≥27 on PSS-14). There were 27.1% with albuminuria (ACR ≥ 3mg/mmol) at baseline and 31.9% at 2-year follow-up. At 2-years, 59% had normal ACR, 10% regressed, 15% persisted, and 17% progressed. Median estimated-GFR was 143.2 mL/min/1.73m2 (IQR 131.4-156.8) at baseline (N = 186) and 142.4 mL/min/1.73m2 (IQR 128.2-155.3) at 2-year follow-up (N = 175). Measures of mental health scores were not associated with changes in albuminuria.
Conclusions
High rates of albuminuria, stress and distress were observed at baseline and 2-year follow-up in youth with T2D. While mental health was not significantly associated with albuminuria, further research is required to explore impacts of mental health in youth with T2D.
The effect of propranolol on gastrointestinal motility and permeability in patients with cirrhosis and significant portal hypertension
Authors: Xirouchakis Elias , Kranidioti Hariklia , Hadziyanni Emilia , Kourikou Anastasia , Reppas Christos , Vertzoni Maria , Papadopoulos Nikolaos , Deutsch Maria , Papatheodoridis George , Manolakopoulos Spilios
Published: March 2024

Background
Patients with cirrhosis and portal hypertension may have alterations in intestinal barrier resulting in increased susceptibility for infections. We investigated the effect of propranolol in gastrointestinal motility, permeability and bacterial overgrowth in cirrhosis.
Methods
Patients with cirrhosis and esophageal varices were studied before and after a build-up dose of propranolol according to standard guidelines. Serum TNF-a, IL-6, IL-1b, LPS and bacterial DNA were measured before and during propranolol therapy. Oro-caecal transit time (OCTT) and bacterial overgrowth (BO) have been evaluated with H2 breath testing. Intestinal paracellular (IP), cellular passive non-carrier (ICNC), cellular passive carrier-mediated (ICCM), and gastric permeability (GP) were evaluated by measurement of lactulose, mannitol, D-xylose and sucrose respectively in urine, with high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC).
Results
35 patients with cirrhosis and portal hypertension with median age was 59.6 years (range 42–86) were included in the study. Twenty one had viral hepatitis and 25 were classified as having advanced liver disease (Child-Pugh B: 14 or C: 11). Median dose of administrated propranolol was 40 mg/day. After 7 days propranolol treatment BO was resolved in 15 out of 16 patients (93.7%, p = 0.0001) and OCTT was reduced significantly from 180 min to 139 min (SD 58.5, difference − 4 1 min, p = 0.0001). Serum IL-6 levels were reduced in 21/35 (60%) patients from 41.1 to 19 pg/ml (p = 0.01), TNF-a in 10/35 (28.5%) patients from 10.7 to 5.6 pg/ml (p = 0.007) and LPS in 20/35 (57%) from 7.1 to 5.2 mg/L (p = 0.1). No bacterial DNA was detected in serum of all patients either baseline or under propranolol treatment. IP was significantly reduced (0.2 to 0.16, p = 0.04) whereas ICNC (p = 0.9), ICCM (p = 0.4) and GP (p = 0.7) were not affected significantly. Intestinal Permeability (PI) index (Lactulose to Mannitol ratio) was significantly reduced (0.027 to 0.02, p = 0.03).
Conclusion
In patients with cirrhosis and portal hypertension, propranolol use is associated with reduction in BO, increase in intestinal motility and amelioration in intestinal permeability. Moreover IL-6 and LPS levels are being decreased in the majority of patients under propranolol.
Analyzing Aging Impact on SatelliteCommunication Availability
Authors: Bermudez Esau , Maciel Paulo
Published: March 2024

Availability and maintainability of a satellite are relevant during scheduledand unscheduled maintenance outages. These maintenance tasks are importantduring the life of the satellite in orbit due to the hostile environment to whichthey will be subjected. Maintainability and availability strategies exist to ensuregreater reliability, achieve a minimum number of failures, and increase the meantime between failures. This article compares the availability model provided byNAVSTAR without aging with a new proposed SPN model with aging that showsan increase in satellite availability. To achieve the results obtained in the proposedSPN model, the variables of the scheduled and unscheduled outages of satellitemaintenance are used, injecting them into the proposed model.
Enhancing Seismic Performance of RC Buildings: A Reliability-Based Approach to Shear Wall Positioning
Authors: Khand Parash , Poudel Amit
Published: March 2024

This study addresses the significant threat posed by earthquakes, emphasizing the importance of selecting earthquake-resistant structural systems to mitigate property damage and loss of life. Shear walls, ubiquitous in construction, play a critical role in fortifying concrete structures against lateral forces, enhancing structural rigidity, and optimizing space utilization. Reinforced concrete (RC) walls, valued for their strength and stiffness, are preferred for tall buildings and elevator shafts, with their strategic placement and quantity influencing structural integrity, operational efficiency, and project costs. Recognizing the pivotal role of soil-structure interaction (SSI) in governing structural flexibility, this study advocates for a reliability-based optimization (RBO) framework for positioning shear walls, systematically addressing uncertainties, implementing risk mitigation strategies, and ensuring compliance with industry standards. Leveraging advanced reliability analysis techniques and optimization methodologies, our research aims to identify the most effective shear wall locations considering both serviceability and strength criteria while accounting for SSI effects. By integrating these considerations, our proposed approach attempts to enhance structural reliability and augment seismic performance, contributing to the resilience of built environments in earthquake-prone regions.
Efficacy of acceptance and commitment therapy on psychological rehabilitation in cancer patients treated with proton and heavy ion therapy:a non-randomized controlled trial
Authors: Qin Fei , Zhu Yu , Wang Shuman , Zhang Lijuan , 王 子迎 , Wan Hongwei
Published: March 2024

Objective To develop an appropriate intervention utilizing acceptance and commitment therapy (ACT) tailored specifically for cancer patients undergoing radiotherapy, and to investigate its impact on hope, psychological resilience, psychological flexibility, and psychological distress among cancer patients receiving proton and heavy ion therapy.
Methods 80 participants were allocated into either an intervention group (n=40) or a control group (n=40) based on their admission time. Both the control and intervention groups underwent a 3-week health education program, with the intervention group additionally participating in a 3-week, 6-session acceptance and commitment therapy (ACT) group psychological intervention. Discrepancies in hope levels, psychological resilience, psychological flexibility, and psychological distress between the two groups were assessed at baseline, post-intervention, and at a 3-month follow-up using linear mixed-effects analysis (LMM).
Results LMM analyses revealed that at the end of the intervention, scores for Hope and Psychological Resilience were higher in the intervention group compared to the control group (P=0.025, P=0.003 respectively), while scores for Psychological Flexibility were lower in the control group (P=0.001). Furthermore, at the 3-month follow-up, HHI scores remained higher in the intervention group compared to the control group (P=0.025), while scores for Psychological Flexibility and Psychological Distress were lower in the intervention group (P=0.001, P=0.001 respectively). These differences persisted even after adjusting for baseline values.
Conclusion A psychological intervention program based on the ACT model of treatment helps to promote psychological recovery in cancer patients with radiotherapy. Evidence is provided for the effectiveness of positive clinical psychological interventions.
Trial registration: ChiCTR2300068349
A CT-based radiomics nomogram for the preoperative prediction of perineural invasion in pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma
Authors: Deng Yan , Yu Haopeng , Duan Xiuping , Liu Li , Huang Zixing , Song Bin
Published: March 2024

Background
Preoperative evaluation perineural invasion (PNI) affects the treatment and prognosis of patients with pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC). This study aims to develop a nomogram based on a CT radiomics nomogram for the preoperative prediction of PNI in PDAC patients.
Methods
A total of 217 patients with histologically confirmed PDAC were enrolled in this retrospective study. Radiomics features were extracted from the whole tumor. Univariate analysis and least absolute shrinkage and selection operator logistic regression were applied for feature selection and radiomics model construction. Finally, a nomogram combining the radiomics score (Rad-score) and clinical characteristics was established. Receiver operating characteristic curve analysis, calibration curve analysis and decision curve analysis (DCA) were used to evaluate the predictive performance of the radiomics nomogram.
Results
According to multivariate analysis, CT features, including the evaluation of radiologists regarding PNI status based on CECT (CTPNI) (OR = 0.315 [95% CI: 0.131, 0.761], P = 0.01), the lymph node status determined on CECT (CTLN) (OR = 0.169 [95% CI: 0.059, 0.479], P = 0.001) and the Rad-score (OR = 3.666 [95% CI: 2.069, 6.494], P < 0.001), were significantly associated with PNI. The area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUC) for the nomogram combined with the Rad-score, CTLN and CTPNI achieved favorable discrimination of PNI status, with AUCs of 0.846 and 0.778 in the training and testing cohorts, respectively, which were superior to those of the Rad-score (AUC of 0.720 in the training cohort and 0.640 in the testing cohort) and CTPNI (AUC of 0.610 in the training cohort and 0.675 in the testing cohort). The calibration plot and decision curve showed good results.
Conclusion
The CT-based radiomics nomogram has the potential to accurately predict PNI in patients with PDAC.
Associations between gut microbiota and osteoporosis or osteopenia in Chinese Han youth
Authors: Lai Junren , Gong Li , Liu Yan , Zhang Xuelian , Liu Wenqi , Han Meng , Zhou Duoqi , Shi Shuiqin
Published: March 2024

Osteoporosis (OP) is a common metabolic bone disease characterized by low bone mass and microstructural deterioration of bone. Changes in the composition and relative abundance of gut microbiota (GM) are related to changes of bone mass and bone microstructure. However, the relationship between GM and bone mineral density (BMD) in Chinese Han youth is complex and still sparse. Therefore, 62 Chinese Han youth were recruited as research volunteers, and their GM and BMD were analyzed separately. Furthermore, according to the evaluation criteria of the World Health Organization (WHO), we divided the BMD levels of volunteers into three groups: osteoporosis (BDL), osteopenia (BDM), normal bone density (BDH). The results showed that the dominant phyla of GM in Chinese Han youth were Bacteroides (50.6%) and Firmicutes (41.6%). Anaerobic bacteria, such as Faecalibacterium and Megamonas, account for the largest proportion in Chinese Han youth, which were mainly Firmicutes. Analysis of the species composition of GM showed that the dominant bacterium in the group with normal bone density (BDH) was Bacteroides and the critical bacteria were Alloprevotella, Enterobacteriaceae, Ruminococcus, Sutterella and Haemophilus. The dominant bacteria in the group classified as osteopenic (BDM) were Prevotella, Megamonas and Prevotella_copri. Faecalibacterium and Bacteroides_Plebeius were the dominant bacteria in the osteoporotic group (BDL) and the critical bacteria were Eubacterium_eligens_group and Lachnospiraceae. There were significant differences in Faecalibacterium (P = 0.018), Bacteroides (P = 0.039), Lachnospiraceae (P = 0.027) and Prevotella (P = 0.045) among the groups. In addition, there were extremely significant differences in Subdoligranulum (P = 0.008), Ruminococcus_bicirculans (P = 0.005), Ruminococcus (P = 0.009) and Coprococcus (P = 0.006) among the groups. In conclusion, our results provide a basic scientific basis for the prevention and treatment of OP.
Urinary extracellular vesicle-derived miR-126-3p predicts lymph node invasion in patients with high-risk prostate cancer
Authors: Dong Liang , Hu Cong , Ma Zehua , Huang Yiyao , Shelley Greg , Kuczler Morgan D. , Kim Chi-Ju , Witwer Kenneth W. , Keller Evan T. , Amend Sarah R. , Xue Wei , Pienta Kenneth J.
Published: March 2024

To investigate extracellular vesicles (EVs) biomarkers for predicting lymph node invasion (LNI) in patients with high-risk prostate cancer (HRPCa), plasma and/or urine samples were prospectively collected from 45 patients with prostate cancer (PCa) and five with benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH). Small RNA sequencing was performed to identify miRNAs in the EVs. All patients with PCa underwent radical prostatectomy and extended pelvic lymph node dissection. Differentially-expressed miRNAs were identified in patients with and without pathologically-verified LNI. The candidate miRNAs were validated in low-risk prostate cancer (LRPCa) and BPH. Four miRNA species (e.g. miR-126-3p) and three miRNA species (e.g. miR-27a-3p) were more abundant in urinary and plasma EVs, respectively, of patients with PCa. None of these miRNA species were shared between urinary and plasma EVs. miR-126-3p was significantly more abundant in patients with HR PCa with LNI than in those without (P = 0.018). miR-126-3p was significantly more abundant in the urinary EVs of patients with HRPCa than in those with LRPCa (P = 0.017) and BPH (P = 0.011). In conclusion, urinary EVs-derived miR-126-3p may serve as a good biomarker for predicting LNI in patients with HRPCa.
Altered Inflammasome and Immune activation in Paediatric Traumatic Brain Injury
Authors: Ryan Emer , Kelly Lynne , Melo Ashanty M , Morgan Cian P , Bates Mark , Huggard Dean , Stacey Catherine , Duff Eimear , Leonard Ann , Boran Gerard , Doherty Dermot R , Crimmins Darach , Bolger Turlough , Molloy Eleanor J
Published: March 2024

Introduction: Systemic Inflammation is associated with Traumatic Brain Injury (TBI) and therefore is a potential target for immunomodulation. Dysregulated immune function post-TBI increased susceptibility to infection and post-concussive syndrome. The inflammasome is a protein complex associated with an amplified proinflammatory response and is a potential target for immunomodulation that preserves antimicrobial immunity. Methods: Samples from children with mild TBI (mTBI; Glasgow coma scale (GCS) 14/15), severe TBI (sTBI; GCS < 8) and control children were collected at baseline and two week follow up and were treated with endotoxin and melatonin. Toll-like receptor (TLR4; marker of endotoxin responses) and CD11b (activation marker) expression on neutrophils and monocytes were evaluated by flow cytometry. Inflammasome-related genes and cytokines were assessed using TaqMan RT-PCR samples ELISA sandwich immunoassay, respectively. Results: A total of 214 children were enrolled including: TBI (n = 116), with mild TBI (mTBI; Glasgow coma scale (GCS) 14/15) and severe TBI (sTBI; GCS < 8), and (n = 98) control patients collected at baseline and two week follow up. Total monocyte and intermediate monocyte populations were reduced in mTBI at baseline. Neutrophil CD11b and TLR4 expression was decreased in mTBI at 10–14 days. NLRP3 and NLRP1 were downregulated at 10–14 days while IL-1β was increased at baseline at 0–4 days and further elevated by 10–14 days and significantly higher in those with no previous mTBI. Serum cytokines showed lower IL-18 and raised IL-33 in those with mTBI. Prior concussion did not influence serum cytokine levels. In addition, LPS did not stimulate an IL-18 and IL-1β response in the mTBI group at 10–14 days. Conclusions: Children with mTBI had reduced CD11b and TLR4 expression and NLRP3 inflammasome activation. IL-1β mRNA was raised and continued to rise after injury implicating the innate immune system in the subacute phase of injury. Immune dysregulation post-TBI in children may be a target for immunomodulation following further exploration in vitro of potential mechanisms and therapies.
Feasibility of Simultaneous Transcranial Direct Current Stimulation During Gait Training in Chronic Stroke Patients: A Randomized Double-blind Pilot Clinical Trial
Authors: Kim Hyeong-Min , Na Ji-Min , Jo Hyun-Seok , Song Min-Keun , Park Hyeng-Kyu , Choi In-Sung , Yoon Jungwon , Han Jae-Young
Published: March 2024

Background
Transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) is a therapeutic tool for improving post-stroke gait disturbances, with ongoing research focusing on specific protocols for its application. We evaluated the feasibility of a rehabilitation protocol that combines tDCS with conventional gait training.
Methods
This was a randomized, double-blind, single-center pilot clinical trial. Patients with unilateral hemiplegia due to ischemic stroke were randomly assigned to either the tDCS with gait training group or the sham stimulation group. The anodal tDCS electrode was placed on the tibialis anterior area of the precentral gyrus while gait training proceeded. Interventions were administered 3 times weekly for 4 weeks. Outcome assessments, using the 10-meter walk test, Timed Up and Go test, Berg Balance Scale, Functional Ambulatory Scale, Modified Barthel Index, and EQ-5D-3L, were conducted before and after the intervention and again at the 8-week mark following its completion. Repeated-measures ANOVA was used for comparisons between and within groups.
Results
Twenty-six patients were assessed for eligibility, and 20 were enrolled and randomized. No significant differences were observed between the tDCS with gait training group and the sham stimulation group in gait speed after the intervention. However, the tDCS with gait training group showed significant improvement in balance performance in both within-group and between-group comparisons. In the subgroup analysis of patients with elicited motor-evoked potentials, comfortable pace gait speed improved in the tDCS with gait training group. No serious adverse events occurred throughout the study.
Conclusions
Simultaneous tDCS during gait training is a feasible rehabilitation protocol for chronic stroke patients with gait disturbances.
Trial registration:
URL: https://cris.nih.go.kr; Registration number: KCT0007601; Date of registration: 11 July 2022
Investigating Carcinoid Tumor Oncogenesis through the lens of Developmental Dynamics involved in Small Intestinal Neuroendocrine Cells
Authors: Shafi Ovais , Yaqub Muhammad Danial
Published: March 2024

Background:
Carcinoid tumors from small intestinal Neuroendocrine Cells (SI-NECs) present clinical challenges with increasing incidence. Investigating the genetic architecture is crucial, as dysregulation in transcription factors and signaling pathways contributes to aberrant behavior, including uncontrolled proliferation and hormone secretion. Understanding these mechanisms holds promise for identifying therapeutic targets and biomarkers, not only for carcinoid tumors but also for broader applications in neuroendocrine neoplasms and gastrointestinal malignancies.
Methods:
Databases, including PubMed, MEDLINE, Google Scholar, and open access/subscription-based journals were searched for published articles without any date restrictions, to investigate the intricate genetic architecture and developmental dynamics underlying the development of carcinoid tumors originating from small intestinal Neuroendocrine Cells (SI-NECs). Based on the criteria mentioned in the methods section, studies were systematically reviewed to investigate carcinoid tumor oncogenesis. This study adheres to relevant PRISMA guidelines (Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses).
Results:
This investigation into the genetic architecture of small intestinal neuroendocrine cells (SI-NECs) reveals intricate dysregulations contributing to carcinoid tumor development. Dysfunctional expression of key transcription factors, including Neurogenin 3, Pdx1, Isl1, Foxa1/2, Hes1, and others, disrupts neuroendocrine differentiation, impacting hormone expression profiles. Chromogranin A dysregulation affects the maturation of SI-NECs, while alterations in Delta-like 1/4 and serotonin contribute to abnormal behavior. Dysfunctional Tcf4 and Gfi1b influence cell fate decisions, and NeuroD1 alterations impact maturation. Dysregulation of GATA factors, Nkx2.2, Sox factors, and Neurotrophins further complicates SI-NECs. Protein Kinase A signaling dysregulation contributes to uncontrolled proliferation. These findings advance our understanding of the complexity of carcinoid tumor development, possibly providing a framework for targeted therapeutic strategies addressing the specific aberrations identified in SI-NECs.
Conclusion:
The dysregulation in the genetic architecture of small intestinal Neuroendocrine Cells (SI-NECs) precipitates carcinoid tumor development. Alterations in key transcription factors, signaling pathways, and developmental processes disrupt neuroendocrine differentiation, hormone expression, and cell fate determination. Dysfunctional molecular cascades including Notch and Wnt signaling drive uncontrolled proliferation and aberrant hormone secretion characteristic of carcinoid tumors. Understanding the intricate molecular landscape of SI-NEC dysregulation is paramount for targeted therapies. Insights emerging from this research may pave the way for novel interventions aimed at mitigating carcinoid tumor progression and improving patient outcomes.
Training of Applicants for Education in the Specialty 061 Journalism in Higher Education Institutions of Ukraine: Between Universalism and Specialization
Authors: Markova Victoriia
Published: March 2024

Introduction. Both in the professional and academic environment, there is an opinion about the crisis state of journalism education and the need for its reform. In the course of the discussion of the further development of journalism education, the issue of universalism and specialization is also raised.
Relevance and purpose of the study. The relevance of the study is determined by the need to improve the quality of journalism education in Ukrainian universities on the basis of healthy competition of educational programs (EPs) that contain elements of uniqueness, one of which can be specialization. The purpose of the study is to find out the real state of the relationship between universalism and specialization in the approaches to the training of higher education seekers at the first (bachelor) and second (master) levels of higher education in the universities of Ukraine in the specialty 061 Journalism.
Methodology. Typological and statistical analysis of data from the Single State Electronic Database on Education (SSEDE) for 2023 and its visualization in diagrams, as well as analysis of selected EPs regarding the representation of their uniqueness, the ratio of universal and specialized educational components. The methods of analysis, synthesis, comparison and generalization are used to interpret the research results.
The results. The analysis of educational offers by level of education and their quantitative ratio by individual areas of activity (journalism, advertising and public relations, publishing and editing, etc.) revealed a paradoxical situation: with a small number of branch specializations, the majority of educational offers at the bachelor’s level and a significant number at the master’s level (36%) is offered by branch universities. A substantive analysis of EPs, which were called “Journalism” and were offered by branch-based universities, showed the absence of branch specialization in the vast majority of educational offers. The analysis of EP names showed that, for the most part, they do not show uniqueness at the level of names.
Conclusions. The predominant trend in the training of specialists in the specialty 061 Journalism is universalism, which was revealed both at the level of titles of EPs and at the level of their content. This situation i snot healthy, because it is EPs that must compete on the market of educational services, which is possible under the condition of their uniqueness, both at the level of titles and at the level of the proposed content.
Modeling Phosphorus Retention and Release in Riparian Wetlands Restored on Historically Farmed Land
Authors: Wiegman Adrian R.H. , Underwood Kristen L. , Bowden William B. , Augustin Isabelle C. , Chin Tiffany L. , Roy Eric D.
Published: March 2024

Nature-based solutions are of interest in efforts to achieve reductions in phosphorus (P) loads to aquatic ecosystems. One potential solution of this kind is the restoration of riparian wetlands. Many candidate sites for riparian wetland restoration were formerly used for agriculture and therefore may contain legacy soil P from past fertilizer and/or manure applications. Here, we combined 2-year field studies of 3 restored riparian wetlands on formerly farmed land in the Lake Champlain Basin, Vermont, United States, with implementation of a novel wetlandP model to estimate net P retention. In the field, we measured variable inorganic P deposition ranging up to approximately 1 g P m-2 yr-1 and collected data on P stocks and fluxes required for modeling. At 2 sites, observed water quality dynamics during flood events were indicative of internal dissolved inorganic P (DIP) release from soils during low oxygen conditions. We calibrated and verified the wetlandP model using field data and used it to examine numerous scenarios. Our simulations indicated variable net total P (TP) retention, driven by a trade-off between particulate P trapping and DIP release, with most plausible scenarios (95 out of 108) indicating that the study wetlands serve as net TP sinks. Our net TP retention estimates (range = -0.06 to 0.45 g P m-2 yr-1, mean P retention efficiency = 35%) are comparable to prior literature and help clarify key drivers. Our modeling results also show that release of legacy soil P as DIP can be sizable in some cases (range in net DIP retention = -0.11 to 0.02 g P m-2 yr-1 ), especially for wetlands receiving river/stream water with low DIP concentration. We present a conceptual framework to help guide prioritization of riparian wetland restoration by ecological engineers and designers when water quality improvement via P retention is a goal.
A MULTIDIMENSIONAL ANALYSIS OF REFUGEE HIGH SCHOOL STUDENTS’ POVERTY EXPERIENCES IN ESKİŞEHİR
Authors: Aksoy Mehmet , Güllüpınar Fuat
Published: March 2024

The main aim of this research is to present the experiences and problems of refugee high school students studying in different types of high schools in Eskişehir from a multidimensional perspective. The study revealed that refugee high school students encounter difficulties to varying degrees in areas such as education, accommodation, participation, meeting personal needs, leisure activities, and social relationships. It was determined that a large portion of them live in rented accommodations, some work in conditions that are not favorable outside of school hours, and the majority are unable to participate in leisure activities. Furthermore, it was found that a significant number of students rely on assistance, while some resort to seeking help through transnational migrant networks.
ENGELLİ İŞ KOÇLUĞU PROGRAMININ ENGELLİ BİREYLERİN İSTİHDAMINA KATKISI: NİTEL BİR ARAŞTIRMA
Authors: Develi Abdülkadir , Mollaoğlu Hüseyin
Published: March 2024

Engelli bireyler, toplumsal hayata tam katılım konusundaki engeller nedeniyle sosyal dışlanma riski altında olan önemli bir nüfusu temsil etmektedirler. Bu sosyal sorunun üstesinden gelmek amacıyla İŞKUR, aktif istihdam politikaları çerçevesinde iş koçluğu hizmetini başlatmıştır. Bu araştırma, engelli bireylerin iş bulma, iş gücü piyasasına aktif katılımlarını ve işte başarılı olma süreçlerini detaylı bir şekilde inceleyerek, Engelli iş koçluğu programlarının bu süreçlere olan katkısını değerlendirmeyi hedefleyen bir nitel araştırmadır. Araştırma, toplam 13 katılımcı ile gerçekleştirilmiştir; bu katılımcıların 4'ü kadın, 9'u erkektir. Veriler, mülakat yöntemi kullanılarak toplanmıştır. Toplanan veriler, MAXQDA nitel veri analiz yazılımı ile detaylı bir şekilde analiz edilmiştir. Çalışmanın bulguları, özellikle eğitim eksikliğinden kaynaklanan iletişim sorunları ve sosyal beceri eksikliklerinin iş arama süreçlerinde mülakatlar ve işyeri ilişkileri gibi sorunlara yol açabildiğini göstermektedir. Araştırmanın sonuçları, iş koçluğu programlarının engelli bireylerin iş bulma ve sürdürme süreçlerine olumlu katkılar sağladığını ve bu programların bu süreçlerde önemli bir rol oynadığını vurgulamaktadır.
An improved semi-supervised prototype network for few-shot fault diagnosis
Authors: Lu Zhenlian , Jiang Kuosheng , Wu Jie
Published: March 2024

The collection of labeled data for transient mechanical faults is limited in practical engineering scenarios. However, the completeness of sample determines quality for feature information, which is extracted by deep learning network. Therefore, to obtain more effective information with limited data, this paper proposes an improved semi-supervised prototype network (ISSPN) that can be used for fault diagnosis. Firstly, a meta-learning strategy is used to divide the sample data. Then, a standard Euclidean distance metric is used to improve the SSPN, which maps the samples to the feature space and generates prototypes. Furthermore, the original prototypes are refined with the help of unlabeled data to produce better prototypes. Finally, the classifier clusters the various faults. The effectiveness of the proposed method is verified through experiments. The experimental results show that the proposed method can do a better job of classifying different faults.
A Novel Perspective on PCSK9 in Alzheimer’s Disease: A Focus on
Amyloid Beta
Authors: Zhang Huayu , Xu Qian , Zhao Yimeng , He Naiqi , Ren Zhong , Xiang Qiong , Tang Zhihan , Liu Lushan
Published: March 2024

The proprotein convertase subtilisin/kexin type 9 (PCSK9) belongs to a member
of the proprotein convertase (PC) family, which is mainly secreted by the liver and
plays a central role in lipid metabolism. Furthermore, PCSK9 plays a multifunctional
role in promoting the inflammatory response, inducing cell apoptosis and pyroptosis and
affecting tumor homeostasis. The brain is the organ with the richest lipid content. Incidentally,
PCSK9 increased in many brain diseases, including brain injury and
Alzheimer’s disease (AD). Consequently, the relationship between PCSK9 and brain diseases
has attracted increasing research interest. Amyloid beta (Aβ) accumulation is the
central and initial event in the pathogenesis of AD. This study focuses on the effects of
PCSK9 on Aβ accumulation in the brain via multiple modalities to explore the potential
role of PCSK9 in AD, which is characterized by progressive loss of brain cells by increasing
Aβ accumulation. The study also explores the new mechanism by which PCSK9
is involved in the pathogenesis of AD, providing interesting and innovative guidance
for the future of PCSK9-targeted therapy for AD.
Effect of Benzodiazepines and Z-Drug Medications During Antenatal and Postnatal Depression and Anxiety: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis
Authors: Xin Di , Wang Yan , Hua Guangping , Liu Tuo
Published: March 2024

Background:

Benzodiazepines (BZD) and Z-drugs are often prescribed for alleviating
such symptoms and treating maternal psychiatric disorders and epilepsy. However, their use is
limited due to the apprehensions and risks related to poor maternal and neonatal outcomes.

Objective:

This meta-analysis evaluated the rationality and efficacy of using Benzodiazepines
and Z-drugs for managing anxiety and depression in pregnant women.

Methods:

The meta-analysis was based on a systematic review through keyword search utilizing
Scopus, Pubmed, and Cochrane databases. One hundred three articles were deemed eligible, but
only 21 articles were selected for the meta-analysis.

Results:

The meta-analysis showed that despite the indication for anxiety and depression in
pregnant women, the usage of BZD and Z-drugs was significantly low compared to other
psychotropic medications, with no therapy or non-pharmacological interventions. Our study
shows that, during the antenatal and postnatal period, women required more anti-depressants,
anti-psychotics, and anxiolytic drugs.

Conclusion:

Although BZDs and Z-drugs are effective in managing insomnia during peripartum
and post-partum, they are either ineffective or contraindicated for managing anxiety and depression
in pregnant women compared to anxiolytics and anti-depressants.
Research Strategy for Short-peptide Fusion Inhibitors Based on 6-HB Core Structure against HIV-1: A Review
Authors: Liang Guodong , Huang Yan , Tang Yanbai , Ga Lu , Huo Caixia , Ma Yuheng , Zhao Yan , Na Heiya , Meng Zhao
Published: March 2024

Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndrome (AIDS) is a devastating infectious disease
caused by the Human Immunodeficiency Virus type 1 (HIV-1). Enfuvirtide (T20) is the first
HIV-1 fusion inhibitor for marketing, which plays an important role in AIDS treatment. However,
in the clinical application process, T20 has several drawbacks, such as a high level of development
of drug resistance, a short half-life in vivo, and rapid renal clearance, which severely
limits the clinical application. Therefore, the development of novel fusion inhibitors to address
T20 shortcomings has long been the research hotspot. Short peptides have a long half-life
through modification and a high barrier to drug resistance, which is expected to solve the current
fusion inhibitors dilemma. In this paper, we summarized six emerging R&D strategies for short
peptide-based fusion inhibitors against HIV-1. We hope that this review will provide fresh insights
into the development of novel fusion inhibitors, as well as ideas for other viral fusion inhibitor
discoveries based on the common membrane fusion 6-HB core structure.
Phase Separation of Chromatin Structure-related Biomolecules: A Driving
Force for Epigenetic Regulations
Authors: Wang Jiao , Chen Yuchen , Xiao Zixuan , Liu Xikai , Liu Chengyu , Huang Kun , Chen Hong
Published: March 2024

Intracellularly, membrane-less organelles are formed by spontaneous fusion and fission
of macro-molecules in a process called phase separation, which plays an essential role in cellular
activities. In certain disease states, such as cancers and neurodegenerative diseases, aberrant phase
separations take place and participate in disease progression. Chromatin structure-related proteins,
based on their characteristics and upon external stimuli, phase separate to exert functions like
genome assembly, transcription regulation, and signal transduction. Moreover, many chromatin
structure-related proteins, such as histones, histone-modifying enzymes, DNA-modifying enzymes,
and DNA methylation binding proteins, are involved in epigenetic regulations through
phase separation. This review introduces phase separation and how phase separation affects epigenetics
with a focus on chromatin structure-related molecules.
Biosensor Based on Zif-8-905% Metal-organic Nanocomposite and
Carbon Nanotubes Associated with Concanavalin a for Detection of
Alpha-fetoprotein
Authors: Queiroz Felix Aiany Maria , Alves Júnior Severino , da Silva Júnior Alberto Galdino , Cristiny Pereira Michelly , Lima Oliveira Maria Danielly , de Andrade César Augusto Souza
Published: March 2024

Introduction::

Lung carcinoma presents an aggressive evolution, with its carriers having
reduced survival. Late diagnosis is one of the main factors of death. In the neoplasia in question,
there is an established correlation with increases in Alpha-Fetoprotein (AFP) serum concentrations.

Methos:

Commonly used diagnostic methods are invasive or inaccessible. Therefore, a low-cost,
non-invasive method would be extremely promising, and biomarkers can be used to achieve this
goal. Electrochemical biosensors are a promising approach for detecting analytes of clinical interest
using innovative bioreceptors. In this work, we obtained an electrochemical biosensor based on a
hybrid ligand metal-organic structure (ZIF-8-905%) and functionalized carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs-
COOH) in association with the lectin Concanavalin A (ConA), as a biorecognition element for detecting
AFP in human serum from patients with lung carcinoma. Cyclic Voltammetry (CV), Square
Wave Voltammetry (SWV), and Electrochemical Impedance Spectroscopy (EIS) were used to characterize
the development of this biosensor. Microscopic analysis through Atomic Force Microscopy
(AFM) revealed the formation of ConA-AFP complexes, pointing out the sensor's ability to identify
the target analyte.

Results:

The blocking electron transfer effect in the electrode-redox pair interface assessed AFP
detection. The ZIF-8-905%/MWCNTs-COOH/ConA platform exhibited a limit of detection (LOD) of
7.98 ng/mL, and a limit of quantification (LOQ) of 23.78ng/mL was also estimated. In addition, the
biosensor showed excellent selectivity towards interfering biomolecules.

Conclusion::

Therefore, the biosensor represents an efficient form of detection, contributing to research
that aims to detect tumor biomarkers and ensure better prognoses.
Protective Effects of Murraya koenigii: Focus on Antihyperlipidemic Property
Authors: Pinto Pearl , Cojandaraj Louis
Published: March 2024

:

In the current scenario, discovery of natural bioactive components can be considered as a
major development in treating common ailments. One of the medicinally important herbs is Murraya
koenigii. The biological functions are promoted by the leaves, fruits, roots, and bark of this beautiful
plant. It is the carbazole alkaloids that promote most of the medicinal properties and contribute to the
anti-oxidative properties as well. Terpenoids, Flavonoids, Saponins and Phenols isolated from different
parts of the plant have unique hypocholestrolemic and antidiabetic activities. Among commonly
used alternative therapies, plant sterols present in M. koenigii may help to reduce cholesterol and
triglyceride levels, in turn managing heart diseases. Experimental animal studies are proving the hypolipidemic
ability of M. koenigii. Possible mechanisms involved in exhibiting such an amazing hypolipidemic
ability can be attributed to the phytochemicals, some of which can reduce the absorption
of cholesterol in the intestines or accelerate the catabolism of fats. In contrast, others can inhibit the
enzyme HMG CoA reductase. M. koenigii can inhibit pancreatic lipase. Such a response could be due
to the presence of carbazole alkaloids like Mahanimbin, Isomahanine, Murrayacinine, Koenimbine,
Mahanimboline, Murrayazolinine, Girinimbine etc. These enzymes can be selected for the pharmaceutical
mediation of hypocholesterolemia agents. A triumph over the production of lipids in the
hepatic cells is achieved upon feeding M. koenigii, thereby bringing about a drastic fall in triglyceride
levels. The present review provides a better understanding of the major components of M. koenigii
against dyslipidemia that could serve as an herbal alternative while treating other pathological conditions.
Although various extracts of M. koenigii have numerous medical applications, an extensive
investigation of their toxicity, along with more clinical trials and standardization of protocols, is required
to produce modern drugs from these leaf extracts.