bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Social network analysis and whole-genome sequencing to evaluate disease transmission in a large, dynamic population: A study of avian mycobacteriosis in zoo birds
Authors: Witte Carmel , Fowler James H. , Pfeiffer Wayne , Hungerford Laura L. , Braun Josephine , Burchell Jennifer , Papendick Rebecca , Rideout Bruce A.
Published: June 2021

This study combined a social network analysis and whole-genome sequencing (WGS) to test for general patterns of contagious spread of a mycobacterial infection for which pathways of disease acquisition are not well understood. Our population included 275 cases diagnosed with avian mycobacteriosis that were nested in a source population of 16,430 birds at San Diego Zoo Wildlife Alliance facilities from 1992 through mid-2014. Mycobacteria species were determined using conventional methods and whole genome sequencing (WGS). Mycobacterium avium avium (MAA) and Mycobacterium genavense were the most common species of mycobacteria identified and were present in different proportions across bird taxa. A social network for the birds was constructed from the source population to identify directly and indirectly connected cases during time periods relevant to disease transmission. Associations between network connectivity and genetic similarity of mycobacteria (as determined by clusters of genotypes separated by few single nucleotide polymorphisms, or SNPs) were then evaluated in observed and randomly generated network permutations. Findings showed that some genotypes clustered along pathways of bird connectivity, while others were dispersed throughout the network. The proportion of directly connected birds having a similar mycobacterial genotype was 0.36 and significant (p<0.05). This proportion was higher (0.58) and significant for MAA but not for M. genavense. Evaluations of SNP distributions also showed genotypes of MAA were more related in connected birds than expected by chance; however, no significant patterns of genetic relatedness were identified for M. genavense, although data were sparse. Integrating the WGS analysis of mycobacteria with a social network analysis of their host birds revealed significant genetic clustering along pathways of connectivity, namely for MAA. These findings are consistent with a contagious process occurring in some, but not all, case clusters.
Vulnerability of maize, millet, and rice yields to growing season precipitation and socio-economic proxies in Cameroon
Authors: Epule Terence Epule , Chehbouni Abdelghani , Dhiba Driss , Etongo Daniel , Driouech Fatima , Brouziyne Youssef , Peng Changhui
Published: June 2021

In sub-Saharan Africa growing season precipitation is affected by climate change. Due to this, in Cameroon, it is uncertain how some crops are vulnerable to growing season precipitation. Here, an assessment of the vulnerability of maize, millet, and rice to growing season precipitation is carried out at a national scale and validated at four sub-national scales/sites. The data collected were historical yield, precipitation, and adaptive capacity data for the period 1961–2019 for the national scale analysis and 1991–2016 for the sub-national scale analysis. The crop yield data were collected for maize, millet, and rice from FAOSTAT and the global yield gap atlas to assess the sensitivity both nationally and sub-nationally. Historical data on mean crop growing season and mean annul precipitation were collected from a collaborative database of UNDP/Oxford University and the climate portal of the World Bank to assess the exposure both nationally and sub-nationally. To assess adaptive capacity, literacy, and poverty rate proxies for both the national and regional scales were collected from KNOEMA and the African Development Bank. These data were analyzed using a vulnerability index that is based on sensitivity, exposure, and adaptive capacity. The national scale results show that millet has the lowest vulnerability index while rice has the highest. An inverse relationship between vulnerability and adaptive capacity is observed. Rice has the lowest adaptive capacity and the highest vulnerability index. Sub-nationally, this work has shown that northern maize is the most vulnerable crop followed by western highland rice. This work underscores the fact that at different scales, crops are differentially vulnerable due to variations in precipitation, temperature, soils, access to farm inputs, exposure to crop pest and variations in literacy and poverty rates. Therefore, caution should be taken when transitioning from one scale to another to avoid generalization. Despite these differences, in the sub-national scale, western highland rice is observed as the second most vulnerable crop, an observation similar to the national scale observation.
Paratransgenic manipulation of a tsetse microRNA alters the physiological homeostasis of the fly’s midgut environment
Authors: Yang Liu , Weiss Brian L. , Williams Adeline E. , Aksoy Emre , de Silva Orfano Alessandra , Son Jae Hak , Wu Yineng , Vigneron Aurelien , Karakus Mehmet , Aksoy Serap
Published: June 2021

Tsetse flies are vectors of parasitic African trypanosomes, the etiological agents of human and animal African trypanosomoses. Current disease control methods include fly-repelling pesticides, fly trapping, and chemotherapeutic treatment of infected people and animals. Inhibiting tsetse’s ability to transmit trypanosomes by strengthening the fly’s natural barriers can serve as an alternative approach to reduce disease. The peritrophic matrix (PM) is a chitinous and proteinaceous barrier that lines the insect midgut and serves as a protective barrier that inhibits infection with pathogens. African trypanosomes must cross tsetse’s PM in order to establish an infection in the fly, and PM structural integrity negatively correlates with trypanosome infection outcomes. Bloodstream form trypanosomes shed variant surface glycoproteins (VSG) into tsetse’s gut lumen early during the infection establishment, and free VSG molecules are internalized by the fly’s PM-producing cardia. This process results in a reduction in the expression of a tsetse microRNA (miR275) and a sequential molecular cascade that compromises PM integrity. miRNAs are small non-coding RNAs that are critical in regulating many physiological processes. In the present study, we investigated the role(s) of tsetse miR275 by developing a paratransgenic expression system that employs tsetse’s facultative bacterial endosymbiont, Sodalis glossinidius, to express tandem antagomir-275 repeats (or miR275 sponges). This system induces a constitutive, 40% reduction in miR275 transcript abundance in the fly’s midgut and results in obstructed blood digestion (gut weights increased by 52%), a significant increase (p-value < 0.0001) in fly survival following infection with an entomopathogenic bacteria, and a 78% increase in trypanosome infection prevalence. RNA sequencing of cardia and midgut tissues from paratransgenic tsetse confirmed that miR275 regulates processes related to the expression of PM-associated proteins and digestive enzymes as well as genes that encode abundant secretory proteins. Our study demonstrates that paratransgenesis can be employed to study microRNA regulated pathways in arthropods that house symbiotic bacteria.
O arquivo de Marie-Louise Bastin
Authors: Gomes Liliana Isabel Esteves , Costa Anabela , Santos Ana Luísa
Published: June 2021

O presente artigo tem por objetivo dar a conhecer a documentação/informação do arquivo de Marie-Louise Bastin (MLB), atualmente custodiado pelo Departamento de Ciências da Vida da Faculdade de Ciências e Tecnologia da Universidade de Coimbra e pelo Museu da Ciência da mesma universidade.

Sendo o arquivo um dos componentes deste Sistema de Informação, constituído também pela biblioteca e pela coleção etnográfica, pretende-se contribuir para a sua divulgação na comunidade. Para tal, apresenta-se o respetivo guia e inventário.

Conclui-se que o arquivo é o reflexo da atividade profissional de MLB, ao longo de mais de três décadas, enquanto docente e investigadora, nos domínios da História da Arte, Antropologia, Etnografia e, em particular, da arte e cultura Cokwe.
Cartas de emigrantes: outra visão da emigração no distrito de Coimbra para o Brasil (1916)
Authors: Costa Mário Jorge Martinho da
Published: June 2021

O artigo visa divulgar as cartas escritas pelos emigrantes enquanto fonte no estudo da problemática da emigração portuguesa. Na qualidade de prática comunicativa que liga o Brasil como país de chegada e o distrito de Coimbra enquanto unidade administrativa de partida, a análise de 59 cartas de 1915 e 1916 que se encontram no Arquivo da Universidade de Coimbra apensadas aos processos de passaportes revela a espantosa visão da maneira de viver e de pensar a emigração para os seus protagonistas.
Allele and genotype frequencies of the SOD1 gene polymorphism associated with canine degenerative myelopathy in Belgian Malinois dogs in Greece
Authors: Mataragka Antonia , Ikonomopoulos John , Zervas Georgios S. , Vamvakidis Christos D. , Tzimotoudis Nikolaos , Hager-Theodorides Ariadne Loukia , Gazouli Maria , Kominakis Antonios
Published: June 2021

Background and Aim: Canine degenerative myelopathy (CDM) is an adult-onset fatal disorder associated with a point mutation of the superoxide dismutase 1 (SOD1) gene (SOD1:c.118G>A). This study aimed to determine the allele and genotype frequencies of this mutation in a group of Belgian Malinois dogs in Greece.

Materials and Methods: Samples (n=72) of whole blood were collected from 72 purebred dogs of the Hellenic Armed Forces; these samples were processed for DNA isolation, polymerase chain reaction, and digestion with the restriction endonuclease AcuI. Sample testing was conducted in compliance with ISO17025 accreditation requirements.

Results: The observed relative genotype frequencies were 71% for the homozygous (GG), 25% for the heterozygous (AG), and 4% for the homozygous mutant (AA) alleles. These frequencies were close to those expected, indicating no significant departure from Hardy–Weinberg equilibrium (HWE, p=0.395). The frequency of heterozygous animals indicates that a high risk of developing CDM in forthcoming generations exists in the tested population because mating among carriers would result in 25% AA progeny. The medical record of the group of study animals indicated selection against leishmaniosis, as applied throughout generations by owners and breeders. The potential association of this selection with the HWE status of the study population was discussed.

Conclusion: The SOD1:c.118G>A mutation was common in the tested group of dogs; thus, they are suitable for a follow-up investigation on the development and progression of CDM. A case-control study on animals with evidence of sensitivity to infectious myelopathy could provide new insights into disease pathogenesis.
A Masked Diagnosis: Sigmoid Endometriosis
Authors: Subbaraj Lakshmipriya , Bowman Christopher J. , Singh Aparajita
Published: June 2021

Serosal involvement in intestinal endometriosis is relatively common, and patients often present with nonspecific gastrointestinal symptoms; however, presentation with deeper mucosal infiltration and rectal bleeding is rare. We report a case of a 40-year-old woman with a history of breast cancer in remission who presented with periodic rectal bleeding and abdominal pain. Computed tomography scan showed sigmoid lesions concerning for metastatic disease. Colonoscopy showed hypervascular sigmoid lesions which were confirmed to be endometriosis on histopathology. This case highlights endometriosis as a rare differential to be considered in young women with abnormal bowel imaging or catamenial rectal bleeding.
EVALUATION OF PLUG-IN PARALLEL HEV TOPOLOGIES USING OPTIMAL CONTROL METHODS AND VEHICLE DYNAMICS SIMULATION
Authors: Toman Rastislav , Heřmanová Jolana
Published: June 2021

Hybrid electric vehicle (HEV) powertrains with parallel topologies are among the frequently used layouts, because of their easy applicability on an existing conventional powertrain, by the addition of hybrid modules with mild, full, or a plug-in capability. This paper investigates three of such parallel HEV topologies: P2, P3, and P4; all in a plug-in variant, to find-out which one performs best. Apart from the topology consideration, one of the other common questions or challenges in HEV development is the ICE concept selection. To address it, the paper combines the three HEV topologies with three technologically different internal combustion engines, all with the same power outputs. Then, all the powertrain and ICE combinations are tested in homologation driving cycles and vehicle dynamics simulation test – different acceleration tests – giving a holistic methodology suitable for thorough HEV topology evaluation, identifying all possible hybridization benefits. To find the maximum CO2 potential, it is convenient to exclude the effect of the energy management control strategy on the CO2 result in a charge sustaining driving cycle; therefore, to use some optimal control method. For this task, the paper compares the Equivalent Consumption Minimization Strategy, that realizes a Pontryagin’s minimum principle against the Dynamic Programming optimal control method, which is based on Bellman’s principle of optimality. Both control methods are available as a part of GT-Suite 0D/1D/3D multi-physics CAE simulation software, that is used in our whole study.
Scholars and Literati at the University of Aix (1409–1793)
Authors: De la Croix David , Fabre Alice
Published: June 2021

This note is a summary description of the set of scholars and literati who taught at the University of Aix (France) from its inception in 1409 to its abolishment during the French Revolution in 1793.
Corporate Governance and Agency Problems During Pre-And Post-Indian Companies Act 2013 Regimes
Authors: Venugopalan T.
Published: June 2021

This research paper makes a comparative analysis of the effectiveness of governance mechanisms in mitigating the agency problems in the Indian corporate sector during the pre and post-Indian Companies Act 2013 periods, using the panel OLS regression methodology on a sample of 315 companies drawn from the BSE 500 index of the Bombay Stock Exchange (BSE) for 10 years spanning from 2008-2018. Based on the review of literature, this paper has utilized proxy Operating Ratio for measuring the agency cost as the dependent variable. It also has identified ten governance mechanisms as independent variables; board size, independent directors, CEO-chairperson separation, audit committee, stakeholders’ relationship committee, nomination and remuneration committee, promotors’ holdings, leverage, bank debt, and firm size. The descriptive statistics, Pearson’s correlation coefficients, and multivariate regression analysis have been performed for evaluating the effectiveness of the governance mechanism in mitigating agency problems. The descriptive statistics reveal that agency problems in Indian companies have drastically increased during the post-companies Act 2013 period. The findings also disclose that Indian firms have by and large adopted the provisions of the Indian Companies Act 2013 on internal corporate governance mechanisms. However, the multivariate regression results prove that the internal governance mechanisms are not effective in mitigating agency problems during the post-companies Act 2013 regime.
The Role of Innovation in Small and Medium-Sized Family Firms: A Literature Review
Authors: Zizlavsky Ondrej , Janickova Nikola
Published: June 2021

This article builds on existing family business research conducted worldwide and embeds the research results in the Czech context to portray the Czech Republic as a critically important context for extending our knowledge on important family firms’ topics. In this article, we present a systematic review and integration of 69 articles published in peer-reviewed journals by Elsevier, Emerald, Wiley and others from 2015 to 2021 in order to answer two research questions: what is the role of innovation in SME family firms and what drives the innovation in family firms? Specifically, the content of the article discusses the new definition of family firm in the Czech Republic; the relationship between innovation and family firm growth; and some contextual factors that might affect the innovations in the Czech SME family firms: ability and willingness paradox, socioemotional wealth, and familiness. The insights of this review are used to develop suggestions for future research in setting the value of family firm where innovation can play an essential role as one of the core value drivers.
The reshaping of medical image by news reports during COVID-19 's epidemic situation
Authors: Lu Xinyan , Lu Yijing , Le Siyu , Li Yazheng
Published: June 2021

Medical image has always been a long-term topic in social life, through questionnaires and personal interviews to investigate the role of news reports on the reconstruction of medical image before and after the epidemic. Through the investigation, it can be found that the media has played a certain intermediary role and positive guiding role in the alleviation of doctor-patient relationship and the shaping of medical portrayals; some metaphorical discourse descriptions in news reports can achieve better communication effect; through a variety of reporting forms and attribute agenda settings, the media enriches the foreground image of doctors and indirectly shapes the social image of doctors.
The Impact Of Flexitime On Motivation And Work Performance Of Health Workers In Zimbabwe: Evidence From Parirenyatwa Group Of Hospitals
Authors: Chiware Mervis
Published: June 2021

This article studies the impact of flexitime on health workers’ motivation and work performance at Parirenyatwa Group of Hospitals. Despite the positive contribution of flexitime on motivation and work performance, adequate academic articles are yet to be published in Zimbabwe’s public sector on this subject. The thrust of this article was to close this gap in knowledge by determining the impact of flexitime on motivation and work performance at Parirenyatwa Group of Hospitals.  Emailed self-administered questionnaires, telephone interviews as well as documentary research were used to find out the relationship between flexitime, motivation and work performance. Results from the research painted a close relationship between flexitime motivation and work performance. The study indicated that flexitime improves work- life balance and the physical health of the health workers at Parirenyatwa Group of Hospitals. Organisational commitment evidenced by reduced absenteeism was also achieved due to the implementation of flexitime. Flexitime requires professional administration and top management support for best results. The Ministry of Health and Child Care should adopt flexitime as a long term policy to motivate employees and line managers require adequate training to implement flexitime.
Geopsychology of instrumental aggression: daily concurrence of global terrorism and solar-geomagnetic activity (1970-2018)
Authors: Mulligan Bryce , Koren Stanley
Published: June 2021

Formal scientific study of the geopsychology of human aggression dates back at least a century and has consistently demonstrated a positive association between solar-geomagnetic activity and aggressive behaviour. Advances in the theories, methodologies, and practical applications of geopsychology could therefore contribute to collective efforts to comprehend, to forecast, and to develop interventions for aggressive behaviours such as those seen in terrorism. This requires a rigorous and precise estimate of the magnitude of association between solar-geomagnetic activity and aggression using a representative, contemporary sample of strictly-operationalized behaviour. Here we show that days in recent history (1970-2018) with the lowest levels of instrumental human aggression (number of casualty-associated terrorism incidents) also had the lowest levels of solar and geomagnetic activity, and that stepwise increases in human aggression were mirrored by progressive increases in solar activity. We used Bayesian methods robust to outliers and heterogeneity of variance to analyze the most comprehensive and contemporary global database of terrorism incidents available, which included more than 106,000 unique instances of instrumental aggression spanning 48 years. We conclude that there is a small, nonzero promotional effect of solar-geomagnetic activity on terrorism-related aggression. This may reflect the fact that solar-geomagnetic activity serves as a zeitgeber that coordinates the expression of instrumental aggression across an aggregation of susceptible individuals. We propose that many behaviours – even instrumental acts such as terrorism which are presumed to involve a degree of planning and intention – may be subject to subtle geopsychological induction or suppression.
Psychotherapeutic Treatments to Relieve the Symptoms of Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder (OCD): A Review of Clinical Reports
Authors: Carneiro Juliana Margarida , Bertelli Rosangela
Published: June 2021

Obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) is a psychopathological condition with high prevalence, characterised by the presence of obsessions, compulsions or both and it is known that psychotherapeutic interventions would allow for the relief of some of the OCD’s symptoms. The aim of the present review of clinical reports published between 2014 and 2019 in journals indexed in the Online Library of Knowledge (B-on) was to provide an overview of psychotherapeutic treatments that were put into service, by psychologists or other health professionals, in order to help OCD patients. Considering that clinical reports are so diverse in terms of reported strategies of intervention and of changes in cognitions, symptoms and behaviours, a narrative approach seemed to be better fitted for capturing the psychotherapeutic treatments reported. Results detected the predominance of the cognitive-behavioural approach with strategies and procedures derived from the cognitive-behavioural model of learning.
Rola zaufania w budowaniu kapitału społecznego w środowisku zawodowym bibliotekarzy. Wyniki badania
Authors: Wojciechowska Maja
Published: June 2021

W artykule podjęto zagadnienie „zaufania”, które uważane jest za warunek niezbędny do budowania kapitału społecznego. Kapitał społeczny oraz zaufanie odgrywają istotną rolę w działalności wielu instytucji i społeczności, także bibliotek. Wzmacniają relacje z otoczeniem, usprawniają współpracę z partnerami i współpracownikami, ograniczają lęk i konflikty, są również stymulantami rozwoju. W celu dokonania diagnozy tego zjawiska w środowisku bibliotek przeprowadzono badania, które objęły 20 krajów świata. Analiza zaprezentowana w artykule objęła zarówno ustalenie poziomu zaufania wśród grupy zawodowej bibliotekarzy, jak i skorelowanie z innymi czynnikami (zmienne niezależne, takie jak wiek, typ biblioteki, stanowisko itd.) oraz zmienne zależne. Ustalono, że bibliotekarze posiadają wysoki poziom zaufania do innych ludzi, natomiast respondenci, którzy zadeklarowali, że ufają innym, charakteryzują się również wyższym poziomem indywidualnego kapitału społecznego, mają większą sieć społeczną, bardziej angażują się w działania charytatywne i obywatelskie, są też bardziej nastawieni na życie rodzinne oraz kontakty przyjacielskie. Wydaje się, że takie postawy społeczne mogą być szczególnie pożądane na określonych stanowiskach bibliotecznych.
The Reception of Books from Braniewo in the 17th-century Uppsala University Library
Authors: Sjökvist Peter
Published: June 2021

It is well known that Swedish armies took a number of literary spoils of war from Poland in the 17th century, among others, the library of the Jesuit College in Braniewo in 1626. This article discusses how the collections from Braniewo were received and arranged in the first library building of Uppsala University, to which they had been donated by the Swedish King Gustavus II Adolphus. Books with contents related to theology are discussed in particular. As is shown in the article, books from Braniewo by Catholic authors or editors that were of a more neutral nature, such as books on Church history, Bibles and Bible concordances, were generally considered more useful at this Lutheran university than books by Catholic authors containing, for instance, Bible commentaries, sermons and dogmatics.
„Te obrazki mogą zagrozić pokojowi publicznemu”. Karty pocztowe ze zbioru Bernarda Chrzanowskiego przed niemieckim parlamentem
Authors: Baszko Agnieszka
Published: June 2021

Bernard Chrzanowski (1861–1944), polski działacz społeczno-narodowy w Poznańskiem, w latach 1901–1910 był posłem w parlamencie Rzeszy w Berlinie. Podczas swoich przemówień występował w obronie polskiej kultury i tożsamości narodowej, wskazywał na różne nadużycia pruskiej administracji wobec Polaków. Kilka jego mów plenarnych poświęconych było paragrafowi 130 niemieckiego kodeksu karnego, często wykorzystywanego przez policję i sądy pruskie do konfiskowania polskiej literatury i sztuki, w tym popularnych wówczas patriotycznych kart pocztowych. W Bibliotece Uniwersyteckiej w Poznaniu zachował się zbiór kilkudziesięciu obiektów ikonograficznych, głównie pocztówek, których Chrzanowski podczas swoich wystąpień używał jako swoistych „dowodów rzeczowych”. Celem artykułu jest przedstawienie owego zbioru i jego wykorzystania w walce parlamentarnej na przykładzie wybranych wystąpień poznańskiego posła.
Kilka uwag o symbolice masońskiej
Authors: Grażyńska Iuliana
Published: June 2021

Symbolika masońska różni się od tradycyjnej symboliki, ponieważ jest zarezerwowana przede wszystkim dla wtajemniczonych. Wśród prac na ten temat wyróżnia się m.in. Symbolika masońska trzeciego tysiąclecia Irène Mainguy, publikacja przedstawiana w niniejszym artykule. Książka pozwala zapoznać się z poszczególnymi pojęciami, usystematyzować wiedzę teoretyczną i empiryczną na temat symboliki i jej ewolucji oraz znaleźć informację o wszystkich stopniach lożowych w historii Ars Regia. Symbolika masońska ewoluuje i przenika dziedziny oraz obszary związane m.in. z życiem codziennym. Niektóre symbole kojarzy każdy z nas, znaczenie innych nadal pozostaje tajemnicą.
Bibliotekarski wielobój
Authors: Wojciechowski Jacek
Published: June 2021

Bibliotekarstwo to nadal profesja, lecz niejednolita. Spoiwem ogólnym jest wiedza zawodowa, a naczelną powinnością: mediacja w komunikacji; obecnie – wielosemiotycznej. W zmodyfikowanej kontynuacji zadań pozostaje wspieranie wiedzy, informacji, edukacji oraz rekreacji. Obsługa nadal powinna być darmowa. Zadania zaś gruntownie znowelizowane to wspieranie intelektualizacji oraz społecznej integracji.Klamrą spinającą zawodową sprawność jest znajomość składników i procesów bibliotecznego zaplecza – w szczególności zasoboznawstwo, jak również umiejętności indeksacyjne i bibliograficzne oraz biegłość usługodawcza. Konieczne jest także świadomościowe nastawienie na wielokierunkową współpracę międzybiblioteczną. W stosunkowo nowym obszarze zawodowych wymagań mieści się jeszcze konstruowanie bezpośredniej oferty ponadusługowej oraz działanie na rzecz integracji otaczających środowisk.Modelowa koncepcja zawodowej biegłości powinna zakładać jej dwupoziomową strukturę. Na podstawowym poziomie pierwszym mieszczą się kwalifikacje i umiejętności uniwersalne, obligatoryjne w tej profesji dla wszystkich. Na poziomie wyższym lokuje się wielozakresowa specjalizacja. W wariantywnym zestawieniu już to kategorialna bądź procesualna albo przedmiotowa – z możliwością nałożenia się niektórych na siebie. Intensywnie realizowana automatyzacja różnych procesów bibliotecznych stwarza określone szanse, ale i zagrożenia.O przyszłości bibliotek i bibliotekarskiego zawodu rozstrzygną ogólnospołeczna użyteczność bibliotek, zachowanie ich instytucjonalnego charakteru oraz jakość zawodowego kształcenia. W Polsce wszystkie te czynniki podlegają destrukcji. Przetrwanie więc i rozwój bibliotekarstwa oraz bibliotekarskiej profesji w Polsce wymagają aktywnych przedsięwzięć bibliotecznej kadry. Ale nic takiego nie ma miejsca.
FILL for Future (F4F) – Framework Information Literacy Lessons digital
Authors: Sauerwein Tessa
Published: June 2021

Das Framework for Information Literacy for Higher Education macht einfallsreich und erfinderisch – gerade in Coronazeiten und darüber hinaus. Der Beitrag berichtet über die aktuellen Fortschritte des preisgekrönten Konzeptes FILL (Framework Information Literacy Lessons), das sich in seiner digitalen Weiterentwicklung als FILL for Future (F4F) präsentiert. Mit innovativen und spielerischen Impulsen aus dem Framework reichert es bibliothekarische Schulungspraxis an. Damit gilt F4F als beispielhaftes Projekt in der globalisierten Informationswelt. Es präsentiert sich offen und vernetzt, wie etwa Teaching Libraries mit ihren Zielgruppen. Ganzheitlich gestaltet tragen die vielfältigen Aktivitäten von F4F zur Verbreitung des US-amerikanischen Frameworks weiter und nachhaltig bei.
Murphree vapor efficiency prediction in SCC columns by computational fluid dynamics analysis
Authors: Zivdar Mortaza , Shahrouei Nasim
Published: June 2021

The spinning cone columns (SCC) are one of the distillation columns with increasing applications in food industries. The geometrical complexity and different flow regimes, besides the presence of moving parts, make the design and analysis of these columns challenging. Computational fluid dynamics analysis of SCC columns has shown promising results in analyzing the performance of these towers. The majority of previous works were pertinent to the air/water systems. Therefore, the application of these results to real systems is not very clear. In this study, the liquid film thickness, mass transfer coefficients, HETP, and Murphree vapor efficiency for the water/ethanol system have been predicted in a pilot-scale column. The results show that by increasing the radial distance from the axis, the thickness of the liquid film gradually decreases. This finding is also in consistent with the experimental results. The maximum thickness of the liquid film is <1 mm and is near the axis. Mass transfer coefficients in the liquid phase and in the gas phase increase slightly with increasing flow velocity and remain almost unchanged. The average values of these coefficients in the liquid and gas phases are 0.023 (s−1) and 1.21 (s−1), respectively. HETP increased with increasing gas velocity, the range of which varies between 0.092 and 0.375 m. Also, Murphree vapor efficiency at three rotational speeds of 550, 750, and 1000 rpm are predicted and compared with the experimental data. The results show that the efficiency has been decreased by increasing the strip ratio and increased by increasing the rotational speed. Minimum and maximum efficiencies obtained are 3.48 and 24.56% corresponding to strip ratio = 27.1% and RPM = 550 plus strip ratio = 9.15% and RPM = 1000, respectively. The predicted efficiencies are in a reasonable agreement (within 10.3%) with experimental data.
Physical layer security analysis of a dual-hop hybrid RF-VLC system
Authors: Vats Anshul , Aggarwal Mona , Ahuja Swaran
Published: June 2021

In this paper, we investigate the secrecy performance of a dual-hop hybrid radio frequency–visible light communication (RF–VLC) system in which we consider a single source antenna (S) transmitting data signals via RF channel through decode and forward (DF) relay (R) toward an authorized receiving antenna (D) at the destination via VLC channel. In this system, we assume that the eavesdropper (E) attempts to eavesdrop the RF channel (S,R) during transmission of the signal. The relay decodes the incoming RF signal into corresponding optical signal and retransmits toward destination via VLC channel (R,D). The RF and VLC channels of the hybrid system are modelled using generalized-K fading distribution and generalized Lambertian radiant intensity distribution respectively. Also the receiver is assumed to be mobile and its mobility is defined by random waypoint (RWP) model. The channels statistics are used to derive the exact analytical expressions for average secrecy capacity and intercept probability in terms of Meijer’s G-function. The derived closed form analytical expressions are the efficient tool to illustrate the impact of variation in different channel parameters on the secrecy performance, namely, shadowing parameters of RF channel, field of view (FOV), semiangle, and the order of Lambertian emission of the VLC channel. Further, numerical analysis is carried out to support the mathematical analysis of the RF–VLC hybrid system.
Appositive possession in Ainu and around the Pacific
Authors: Bugaeva Anna , Nichols Johanna , Bickel Balthasar
Published: June 2021

Some languages around the Pacific have multiple possessive classes of alienable constructions using appositive nouns or classifiers. This pattern differs from the most common kind of alienable/inalienable distinction, which involves marking, usually affixal, on the possessum, and has only one class of alienables. The Japanese language isolate Ainu has possessive marking that is reminiscent of the Circum-Pacific pattern. It is distinctive, however, in that the possessor is coded not as a dependent in an NP but as an argument in a finite clause, and the appositive word is a verb. This paper gives a first comprehensive, typologically grounded description of Ainu possession and reconstructs the pattern that must have been standard when Ainu was still the daily language of a large speech community; Ainu then had multiple alienable class constructions. We report a cross-linguistic survey expanding previous coverage of the appositive type and show how Ainu fits in. We split alienable/inalienable into two different phenomena: argument structure (with types based on possessibility: optionally possessible, obligatorily possessed, and non-possessible) and valence (alienable, inalienable classes). Valence-changing operations are derived alienability and derived inalienability. Our survey classifies the possessive systems of languages in these terms.
On-chip optical spatial-domain integrator based on Fourier optics and metasurface
Authors: Chen Chao , Qi Wei , Yu Yu , Zhang Xinliang
Published: June 2021

Analog optical computing has been an innovation and research interest in last several years, thanks to the ultra-high speed (potential for real-time processing), ultra-low power consumption and capability of parallel processing. Although great efforts have been made recently, no on-chip optical spatial-domain integrator has been experimentally demonstrated, to the best of our knowledge. Based on Fourier optics and metasurface, we design and fabricate an on-chip optical integrator using silicon-on-insulator (SOI) platform. The proposed integrator is able to integrate the electric field in spatial domain. As a proof-of-concept demonstration, a representative optical signal is well integrated to the desired distribution. Compared with theoretical expectation, the similarity coefficients of the simulated and experimental results are 83 and 78%, respectively. The proposed scheme has potential of performing more complex and ultra-high-speed computing for artificial intelligence.
“The Future’s So Bright, I Gotta Wear Shades”: Globality and Our Common Dystopian Eco-Apocalyptic Science Fiction Streaming Future
Authors: Kelley N. Megan
Published: June 2021

N. Megan Kelley discusses various manifestations of globality in contemporary cinema.
Approaching the EU Sanctions Policy: An Experiment with Event Analysis
Authors:   MGIMO University, Timofeev Ivan ,   Russian International Affairs Council
Published: June 2021

For a long time, the US has been a global leader in terms of use of unilateral sanctions. However, the EU is getting increasingly active as sanctions’ initiator. Currently, the EU runs at least 26 regimes of sanctions to address relations with foreign states or tackle functional problems like human rights, nonproliferation, cyber security or counterterrorism. Russia is one of the targets. The EU sanctions policy raises a number of research questions. How active is the EU policy in comparison with other initiators? What are the peculiarities of the EU institutional process of sanctions implementation? What are the key targets and what is the distribution of EU decisions and actions among those targets? To address these questions the article provides analysis of Sanctions Events Database (SED), designed by Russian International Affairs Council. The research implies empirical analysis of EU sanctions policy everyday events in 2020. It also covers sanctions and enforcement actions of separate EU members as well as alignment with the EU sanctions of the third countries. The article attempts to fill in the gap in the literature between quantitative analysis of multiple sanctions cases on the one hand and in-depth analysis of particular cases on the other. It makes a special focus on EU sanctions related to Russia.
EU Policy Towards Small and Medium Enterprises in the Eastern Partnership Countries as an Instrument of Political Influence
Authors:   State Academic University for Humanities, Sutyrin Vyacheslav
Published: June 2021

The paper deals with the problem of investigating strategies and experience of the European Union which it employs to strengthen its political influence in the Eastern Partnership countries by means of working with business sector. The author analyses statistical data, official EU position and programme documents, funding data. Institutional and constructivist approaches are employed to study the processes and results of EU policies. The study covers the period between 2009 and 2020, and investigates aims, instruments, funding, KPI of the EU in dealing with business communities of Eastern Partnership countries. The author gives an overview of a range of opinions in expert discussions concerning the humanitarian influence of the EU. The conclusion is drawn that the scale and forms of EU interventions and funding for particular country are conditioned by the level of political relationship with its government. The bulk of funding (more than 60%) is directed not to loans or subsidies to SMEs, but to humanitarian (i.e. “soft power”) projects focusing of particular groups – entrepreneurs, active youth, regions, officials, etc. EU humanitarian penetration into focus countries of EP creates an infrastructure, social organizations and groups, which could be utilized to political ends.
Self-excited Vibration of Ink Rollers
Authors: Pustka Martin , Šidlof Pavel
Published: June 2021

A vibration having a character of self-excited chatter oscillation known from machine tools is observed during intermittent motion of ink rollers of offset printing machines. This vibration occurs under specific operating conditions and is often accompanied by an increased noise level. To explain this unusual vibration behavior, a simple analytical model of two rollers interaction is derived. The calculated oscillation is compared with the measurement of ductor roller displacement. The model results confirm the possibility of self-excited vibration development in the presence of viscous forces, negative damping effects and continuous supply of external energy from roller rotation.
Zapobieganie transmisji koronawirusa SARS-CoV-2 w zakładach opieki zdrowotnej
Authors: Skibińska Katarzyna
Published: June 2021

Koronawirus SARS-CoV-2 zmienił świat, nikt nie spodziewał się, że wszystko zatrzyma się w miejscu z powodu wirusa. Obecnie społeczeństwo oswoiło się z zagrożeniem, uczy się funkcjonować w nowej rzeczywistości, wprowadzono nowe procedury. Jednakże nie można zapominać, że podstawowe zasady higieny muszą być przestrzegane ze szczególną starannością, jak chociażby higiena rąk, skuteczna dezynfekcja powierzchni. Te podstawowe zasady są ciągle przypominane, jednak równie często ignorowane – mimo że stanowią bardzo ważny element profilaktyki zakażeń. Higiena rąk musi być skuteczna. Na proces ten składają się: odpowiednia technika, dobór preparatów, przestrzeganie wskazań do wykonywania procedury. Skażone powierzchnie również mogą stanowić zagrożenie, chociaż ich wpływ na transmisję koronawirusa nie jest dominujący. Droga powietrzno-kropelkowa w rozprzestrzenianiu się SARS-CoV-2 jest znaczenie istotniejsza. Dlatego też konieczna jest znajomość sposobów skutecznego oczyszczania powietrza – począwszy od najprostszych metod, aż po zastosowanie nowoczesnych rozwiązań technologicznych.
Czy skutecznie realizujemy cele polityki antybiotykowej w dobie pandemii wirusa SARS-CoV-2?
Authors: Jursa-Kulesza Joanna
Published: June 2021

W niniejszej pracy przedstawiono problem gwałtownego narastania oporności na antybiotyki w dobie pandemii COVID-19. Populacja zagrożona ciężkim przebiegiem COVID-19, w tym osoby starsze, z obniżoną odpornością i z wieloma chorobami, w dużej mierze pokrywa się z populacją zagrożoną zakażeniami związanymi z opieką zdrowotną (HAI). Nawet pomiędzy krajami o wysokich dochodach istnieją znaczne różnice we wskaźnikach zakażeń MDR – wahają się one od bliskich 0 do ponad 50%, w zależności od strategii krajowych i inwestycji w gospodarkę zdrowotną, a przede wszystkim świadomości problemu. Poruszono także problem „One Health” w kontekście zdrowia ludzi i zwierząt. Wypunktowano zasady, jakimi należy kierować się przy ordynowaniu antybiotyków, aby skutecznie realizować cele polityki antybiotykowej. W pracy poruszono również problem leczenia zakażeń wywołanych przez Gram-dodatnie i Gram-ujemne szczepy bakterii lekoopornych, ze szczególnym uwzględnieniem dalbawancyny.
Poziom wiedzy personelu medycznego na temat zasad zapobiegania zakażeniom szpitalnym, w tym postępowania po ekspozycji zawodowej na krew i inny potencjalnie zakaźny materiał
Authors: Cichońska Małgorzata , Maciąg Dorota , Borek Monika , Konopka Izabela
Published: June 2021

Cel Celem badań była ocena poziomu wiedzy personelu medycznego z zakresu zasad zapobiegania zakażeniom szpitalnym, w tym postępowania po ekspozycji zawodowej na krew i inny potencjalnie zakaźny materiał. Materiał i metody Badanie przeprowadzono w 2018 roku w grupie 101 osób personelu medycznego zatrudnionego w jednym ze śląskich szpitali, z wykorzystaniem metody sondażu diagnostycznego, techniki ankietowania i narzędzia, którym był autorski kwestionariusz ankiety, składający się z metryczki i pytań do oceny wiedzy. Zgromadzone wyniki poddano analizie z wykorzystaniem analizy procentowej oraz statystycznej. Wyniki W grupie badanej 48,51% ogółu stanowiły pielęgniarki, 14,85% lekarze, po 12,87% rehabilitanci i ratownicy medyczni, a 10,89% opiekunowie medyczni. 40,59% badanych posiadało wiedzę na temat najbardziej zakaźnego wirusa w następstwie ekspozycji na krew osoby zakażonej, wskazując HBV. Odpowiednio 44,55% ankietowanych odpowiedziało prawidłowo na pytanie dotyczące ryzyka zakażenia HBV w przypadku zakłucia igłą, a na fakt, że do ekspozycji najczęściej dochodzi podczas nakładania zatyczki na igłę po wykonaniu iniekcji, poprawnie wskazało 54,46% ankietowanych. W zakresie wiedzy ustalono, że badani najczęściej prezentowali bardzo wysoki lub dostateczny poziom wiedzy (po 31,7%). Najwięcej respondentów posiadało wiedzę na temat obowiązkowego szczepienia pracowników opieki zdrowotnej (100,00%), procedury dezynfekcji rąk (97,03%) i czynności, jakie należy wykonać po zakończeniu pobierania krwi (90,10%). Wnioski 1. Poziom wiedzy personelu medycznego na temat zakażeń szpitalnych i podstawowych zasad ich profilaktyki oceniono jako dobry. 2. Poziom wiedzy personelu medycznego z zakresu zasad zapobiegania zakażeniom szpitalnym, w tym postępowania po ekspozycji zawodowej na krew i inny potencjalnie zakaźny materiał, korelował istotnie z: wykształceniem, częstością prowadzenia higieny rąk, poprawnym postępowaniem z użytymi ostrymi narzędziami i materiałem skażonym po użyciu, częstością nakładania zatyczki ochronnej na igłę po wykonaniu iniekcji, wyrzucaniem użytego ostrego sprzętu do przepełnionego pojemnika na odpady medyczne zakaźne oraz zwiększoną ostrożnością podczas kontaktu z pacjentem zakażonym HIV, HBV lub HCV. 3. Na poziom wiedzy badanych nie miały wpływu: miejsce pracy, używanie przez badanych rękawiczek ochronnych i stosowanie innych środków ochrony osobistej. 4. Konieczne i zasadne jest prowadzenie ciągłej edukacji dotyczącej zakażeń szpitalnych, w tym postępowania po ekspozycji zawodowej oraz dzielenia się wiedzą w ramach prowadzonych badań.
Zamknięty system infuzyjny jako metoda zapewniająca bezpieczeństwo – ocena wiedzy personelu medycznego na temat terapii infuzyjnej
Authors: Pałka Julianna , Jelonek Natalia , Juszczakiewicz Paulina , Pluta Agnieszka , Budnik-Szymoniuk Maria
Published: June 2021

Terapia infuzyjna to forma leczenia wykorzystywana w codziennej praktyce klinicznej. Odnosi się do wielu procedur związanych z podażą dożylną płynów infuzyjnych, roztworów leków, preparatów krwiopochodnych czy też żywienia parenteralnego. Na bezpieczeństwo terapii ma wpływ personel medyczny, wykorzystywany sprzęt, podawane w infuzji produkty lecznicze oraz stan pacjenta. W badaniu ankietowym starano się ocenić stan wiedzy personelu pielęgniarskiego, położnych i ratowników medycznych dotyczący terapii infuzyjnej – w tym subiektywną ocenę ryzyka omawianej metody i prawidłowego wykorzystywania systemów infuzyjnych, z uwzględnieniem umiejętności ich różnicowania na otwarte i zamknięte. Szczególny nacisk położono na poprawne kwalifikowanie i użytkowanie systemów zamkniętych. Materiał i metody Badanie przeprowadzono w latach 2016 2018 w grupie personelu medycznego. Wykorzystano kwestionariusz ankiety własnej. Grupa badana liczyła 1553 osoby. Uzyskane dane poddano analizie statystycznej. Wyniki Subiektywna ocena ryzyka procedur infuzyjnych nie przekłada się na poprawność odpowiedzi dotyczących zamkniętego systemu infuzyjnego. Większość badanych było zdania, że procedury infuzyjne są obarczone wysokim ryzykiem (n=1023; 65,8%), jednak aż 115 osób (7,4%) nie umiało ocenić tego ryzyka. Odnotowano istotne statystycznie różnice pomiędzy grupami oceny ryzyka procedur infuzyjnych a poprawnością udzielanych odpowiedzi (p<0,05). W badaniu wykazano, że personel medyczny jest świadomy ryzyka terapii infuzyjnej, chociaż stan wiedzy dotyczący jej bezpieczeństwa jest niewystarczający. Wnioski Wyposażenie oddziałów szpitalnych w sprzęt gwarantujący pracę w zamkniętym systemie infuzyjnym oraz przeprowadzanie szkoleń z zakresu terapii infuzyjnej jest kwestią kluczową w aspekcie profesjonalnej pracy personelu medycznego. Nadzór uwzględniający systematyczną edukację i pracę w systemie zamkniętym ograniczy ryzyko występowania tzw. zakażeń odcewnikowych, zapewniając bezpieczeństwo terapii infuzyjnej.
Education, research, and dishwashers in the time of COVID-19
Authors: Heitmann John A.
Published: June 2021

The effect of COVID-19 on supply chains is introduced and some parallels are drawn with its effects on education and research. The default option in education seems to be distance education, which is already difficult for colleges and universities, but much more so for K-12. The effect of COVID-19 on research is much more varied. Some areas, like health sciences, are intensified while others, such as academic research, are anticipating declines in activity. It is expected that international graduate students will be more adversely affected than other groups. Some thoughts on the “new normal” are presented.
Industrial biomaterials start-ups: Technology selection
Authors: Pawlak Joel J.
Published: June 2021

Transforming an innovation into a start-up company can be highly rewarding to the technologist. This editorial considers technology selection for a start-up company. A simple system for screening initial of technologies is given. This editorial is based on years of experience working in translating technologies into start-up companies by the author. These companies have approached their start-up strategies in a variety of different ways. It is important for the technologist to enter into a start-up venture with an understanding of how their technology is positioned both technically and from a business perspective.