bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
In Situ X‐ray Visualization of the Lithiation Process in a Porous Graphite Electrode in an Operating Li‐Ion Cell
Authors: Tsushima Shohji , Hung Weihao , Deevanhxay Phengxay , Kobayashi Genki , Kanno Ryoji , Hirai Shuichiro
Published: August 2015

An in situ X‐ray radiography technique to observe an operating Li‐ion cell was developed. Transient behaviors of lithiation processes in a porous graphite electrode were visualized in a specifically designed Li‐ion cell consisting of a lithium‐metal electrode and a graphite electrode, using a transmission X‐ray microscope with high spatial and temporal resolution. X‐ray attenuation profiles in both 15 and 30 μm thick graphite electrodes under discharge (lithiation) at the 2 C rate were compared. X‐ray attenuation was pronounced near the separator in the thicker graphite electrode during the lithiation process, whereas less variation was observed near the current collector in the electrode. These X‐ray observations indicate less utilization of the thicker graphite electrode, presumably because of the longer Li‐ion transport path and formation of a solid electrolyte interface layer in the porous electrode, resulting in less discharge capacity of the Li‐ion cell.
Tuning the Chirality of Block Copolymers: From Twisted Morphologies to Nanospheres by Self‐Assembly
Authors: Suárez‐Suárez Silvia , Carriedo Gabino A. , Soto Alejandro Presa
Published: August 2015

New advances into the chirality effect in the self‐assembly of block copolymers (BCPs) have been achieved by tuning the helicity of the chiral‐core‐forming blocks. The chiral BCPs {[NP(R)‐O2C20H12]200−x[NP(OC5H4N)2]x}‐b‐ [NPMePh]50 ((R)‐O2C20H12=(R)‐1,1′‐binaphthyl‐2,2′‐dioxy, OC5H4N=4‐pyridinoxy (OPy); x=10, 30, 60, 100 for 3 a–d, respectively), in which the [NP(OPy)2] units are randomly distributed within the chiral block, have been synthesised. The chiroptical properties of the BCPs ([α]D vs. T and CD) demonstrated that the helicity of the BCP chains may be simply controlled by the relative proportion of the chiral and achiral (i.e., [NP(R)‐O2C20H12] and [NP(OPy)2], respectively) units. Thus, although 3 a only contained only 5 % [NP(OPy)2] units and exhibited a preferential helical sense, 3 d with 50 % of this unit adopted non‐preferred helical conformations. This gradual variation of the helicity allowed us to examine the chirality effect on the self‐assembly of chiral and helical BCPs (i.e., 3 a–c) and chiral but non‐helical BCPs (i.e., 3 d). The very significant influence of the helicity on the self‐assembly of these materials resulted in a variety of morphologies that extend from helical nanostructures to pearl‐necklace aggregates and nanospheres (i.e., 3 b and 3 d, respectively). We also demonstrate that the presence of pyridine moieties in BCPs 3 a–d allows specific decoration with gold nanoparticles.
Surface and Structural Investigation of a MnOx Birnessite‐Type Water Oxidation Catalyst Formed under Photocatalytic Conditions
Authors: Deibert Benjamin J. , Zhang Jingming , Smith Paul F. , Chapman Karena W. , Rangan Sylvie , Banerjee Debasis , Tan Kui , Wang Hao , Pasquale Nicholas , Chen Feng , Lee Ki‐Bum , Dismukes G. Charles , Chabal Yves J. , Li Jing
Published: August 2015

Catalytically active MnOx species have been reported to form in situ from various Mn‐complexes during electrocatalytic and solution‐based water oxidation when employing cerium(IV) ammonium ammonium nitrate (CAN) oxidant as a sacrificial reagent. The full structural characterization of these oxides may be complicated by the presence of support material and lack of a pure bulk phase. For the first time, we show that highly active MnOx catalysts form without supports in situ under photocatalytic conditions. Our most active 4MnOx catalyst (∼0.84 mmol O2 mol Mn−1 s−1) forms from a Mn4O4 bearing a metal–organic framework. 4MnOx is characterized by pair distribution function analysis (PDF), Raman spectroscopy, and HR‐TEM as a disordered, layered Mn‐oxide with high surface area (216 m2g−1) and small regions of crystallinity and layer flexibility. In contrast, the SMnOx formed from Mn2+ salt gives an amorphous species of lower surface area (80 m2g−1) and lower activity (∼0.15 mmol O2 mol Mn−1 s−1). We compare these catalysts to crystalline hexagonal birnessite, which activates under the same conditions. Full deconvolution of the XPS Mn2p3/2 core levels detects enriched Mn3+ and Mn2+ content on the surfaces, which indicates possible disproportionation/comproportionation surface equilibria.
Wir können besser riechen als wir denken
Authors: Groß Michael
Published: August 2015

Der menschliche Geruchssinn galt lange nur als eine verkümmerte Version der bei anderen Säugern viel stärker ausgeprägten Fähigkeiten. Dennoch können wir eine Billion Gerüche unterscheiden, und wenn wir sie nicht benennen können, ist nicht unsere Nase schuld. Unsere Fähigkeit, die Signale von über 350 verschiedenen Chemosensoren kombinatorisch auszuwerten, ist immer noch bemerkenswert und ermöglicht einzigartige Einblicke in die Mechanismen der Sinneswahrnehmungen und deren Evolution.
The use of FNA samples for whole‐exome sequencing and detection of somatic mutations in breast cancer surgical specimens
Authors: Lee Han‐Byoel , Joung Je‐Gun , Kim Jisun , Lee Kyung‐Min , Ryu Han Suk , Lee Hae‐Ock , Moon Hyeong‐Gon , Park Woong‐Yang , Noh Dong‐Young , Han Wonshik
Published: August 2015

BACKGROUND

The availability of suitable biospecimens is critical to the success of advanced genomic analyses. The objective of this study was to assess the sensitivity of fine‐needle aspiration (FNA) compared with gross surgical sampling (GSS) from surgical specimens for the detection of somatic mutations in breast cancer using whole‐exome sequencing (WES).

METHODS

DNA was extracted from paired GSS tissues and FNA samples of surgically resected breast cancer from 12 patients and was used for WES. Sanger sequencing was performed to validate selected somatic mutations. Tumor purity was calculated for each sample using sequencing data.

RESULTS

There was no difference in the total amount of DNA extracted from GSS tissues and FNA samples. WES was successfully performed for all 12 pairs of samples. The median number of somatic mutations identified in individual samples was higher in FNA samples than in GSS tissues (39.5 vs 18.5; P = .036). The somatic mutation profiles from both sampling methods were well correlated for samples that had GSS tissues with high tumor content, as indicated by hematoxylin and eosin staining. Nineteen mutations that were identified exclusively in FNA samples were subjected to Sanger sequencing, and 13 of those mutations (68.4%) were validated. The mean estimated tumor purity was higher in FNA samples than in GSS tissues (55.87% vs 25.76%), and FNA samples were estimated to have a consistently higher proportion of malignant cells.

CONCLUSIONS

The current results suggest that FNA is feasible for the collection of tumor samples sufficient for WES analysis and that the higher purity obtained using this method may make it more reliable for genomic studies. Cancer (Cancer Cytopathol) 2015;123:669–677. © 2015 American Cancer Society.
IAMMAC: an interference‐aware multichannel MAC protocol for wireless sensor–actor networks
Authors: Kakarla Jagadeesh , Majhi Banshidhar , Battula Ramesh Babu
Published: August 2015

In this paper, we discuss an interference aware multichannel MAC (IAMMAC) protocol assign channels for communication in wireless sensor‐actor networks. An actor acts as a cluster head for k‐hop sensors and computes the shortest path for all the sensors. Then, the actor partitions the cluster into multiple subtrees and assigns a noninterference channel to each subtree. The actor 1‐hop sensors are represented as relay nodes. The actor selects a relay node as a backup cluster head (BCH) based on the residual energy and node degree. After selecting a BCH from the relay nodes, the actor broadcast this information to the remaining relay nodes using the common control channel. The relay sensors use the same channel of BCH to communicate with it. However, the other cluster members do not change their data channel. Further, interference‐aware and throughput‐aware multichannel MAC protocol is also proposed for actor–actor coordination. The performance of the proposed IAMMAC protocol is analyzed using standard network parameters such as packet delivery ratio, goodput, end‐to‐end delay, and energy dissipation in the network. The obtained simulation results indicate that the IAMMAC protocol has superior performance as compared with the existing MAC protocols. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
IL‐Y, a synthetic member of the IL‐12 cytokine family, suppresses the development of type 1 diabetes in NOD mice
Authors: Flores Rafael R. , Kim Eun , Zhou Liqiao , Yang Chenjie , Zhao Jing , Gambotto Andrea , Robbins Paul D.
Published: August 2015

The IL‐12 family of heterodimeric cytokines, consisting of IL‐12, IL‐23, IL‐27, and IL‐35, has important roles in regulating the immune response. IL‐12 family members are comprised of a heterodimer consisting of α and β chains: IL‐12 (p40 and p35), IL‐23 (p40 and p19), IL‐27 (Ebi3 and p28), and IL‐35 (Ebi3 and p35). Given the combinatorial nature of the IL‐12 family, we generated adenoviral vectors expressing two putative IL‐12 family members not yet found naturally, termed IL‐X (Ebi3 and p19) and IL‐Y (p40 and p28), as single‐chain molecules. Single chain IL‐Y (scIL‐Y), but not scIL‐X, was able to stimulate significantly a unique cytokine/chemokine expression profile as well as activate STAT3 in mice, in part, through a pathway involving IL‐27Rα in splenocytes. Adenoviral‐mediated, intratumoral delivery of scIL‐Y increased tumor growth in contrast to the anti‐tumor effects of scIL‐12 and scIL‐23. Similarly, treatment of prediabetic NOD mice by intravenous injection of Ad.scIL‐Y prevented the onset of hyperglycemia. Analysis of cells from Ad.scIL‐Y‐treated NOD mice demonstrated that scIL‐Y reduced expression of inflammatory mediators such as IFN‐γ. Our data demonstrate that a novel, synthetic member of the IL‐12 family, termed IL‐Y, confers unique immunosuppressive effects in two different disease models and thus could have therapeutic applications.
Synthesis of Silica@Ni‐Co Mixed Metal Oxide Core–Shell Nanorattles and Their Potential Use as Effective Adsorbents for Waste Water Treatment
Authors: Kandula Syam , Jeevanandam Pethaiyan
Published: August 2015

SiO2@Ni‐Co mixed metal oxide core–shell nanorattles with different Ni2+/Co2+ molar ratios have been successfully synthesized through a facile, inexpensive self‐template route by the calcination of SiO2@Ni‐Co layered double hydroxides at 500 °C. The formation of SiO2@Ni‐Co mixed metal oxide core–shell nanorattles has been confirmed by an array of characterization techniques. Field‐emission scanning electron microscopy (FE‐SEM) analysis indicates a hierarchical flowerlike morphology for the SiO2@Ni‐Co mixed metal oxide core–shell nanorattles, and transmission electron microscopy (TEM) analysis confirms the formation of core–shell nanorattles. The diffuse reflectance spectra of the SiO2@Ni‐Co mixed metal oxide core–shell nanorattles show two band‐gap absorptions attributed to metal‐to‐ligand charge‐transfer transitions (Mn+→O2–). The SiO2@Ni‐Co mixed metal oxide core–shell nanorattles have been explored as effective adsorbents for the removal of rhodamine B, methylene blue, and their mixture from aqueous solutions. The adsorption of the single dye systems follows Langmuir and Freundlich isotherms, whereas a binary Langmuir model has been applied for the binary dye systems. The SiO2@Ni‐Co mixed metal oxide core–shell nanorattles possess higher adsorption capacity for the individual dyes than for the mixture of dyes. Kinetic studies indicate that the adsorptions of rhodamine B, methylene blue, and their mixture follow pseudo‐second‐order kinetics.
Online repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) to the parietal operculum disrupts haptic memory for grasping
Authors: Cattaneo Luigi , Maule Francesca , Tabarelli Davide , Brochier Thomas , Barchiesi Guido
Published: August 2015

The parietal operculum (OP) contains haptic memory on the geometry of objects that is readily transferrable to the motor cortex but a causal role of OP in memory‐guided grasping is only speculative. We explored this issue by using online high‐frequency repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS). The experimental task was performed by blindfolded participants acting on objects of variable size. Trials consisted in three phases: haptic exploration of an object, delay, and reach‐grasp movement onto the explored object. Motor performance was evaluated by the kinematics of finger aperture. Online rTMS was applied to the left OP region separately in each of the three phases of the task. The results showed that rTMS altered grip aperture only when applied in the delay phase to the OP. In a second experiment a haptic discriminative (match‐to‐sample) task was carried out on objects similar to those used in the first experiment. Online rTMS was applied to the left OP. No psychophysical effects were induced by rTMS on the detection of explicit haptic object size. We conclude that neural activity in the OP region is necessary for proficient memory‐guided haptic grasping. The function of OP seems to be critical while maintaining the haptic memory trace and less so while encoding it or retrieving it. Hum Brain Mapp 36:4262–4271, 2015. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Psychometric properties of the Social Problem Solving Inventory‐Revised Short‐Form in a South African population
Authors: Sorsdahl Katherine , Stein Dan J. , Myers Bronwyn
Published: August 2015

The Social Problem Solving Inventory‐Revised Short‐Form (SPSI‐R:SF) has been used in several countries to identify problem‐solving deficits among clinical and general populations in order to guide cognitive‐behavioural interventions. Yet, very few studies have evaluated its psychometric properties. Three language versions of the questionnaire were administered to a general population sample comprising 1000 participants (771 English‐, 178 Afrikaans‐ and 101 Xhosa‐speakers). Of these participants, 210 were randomly selected to establish test–retest reliability (70 in each language). Principal component analysis was performed to examine the applicability of the factor structure of the original questionnaire to the South African data. Supplementary psychometric analyses were performed, including internal consistency and test–retest reliability. Collectively, results provide initial evidence of the reliability and validity of the SPSI‐R:SF for the assessment of problem solving deficits in South Africa. Further studies that explore how the Afrikaans language version of the SPSI‐R:SF can be improved and that establish the predictive validity of scores on the SPSI‐R:SF are needed.
Democracy or Euro: Who Will Surrender?
Authors: Lanzavecchia Alberto , Pavarani Eugenio
Published: August 2015

This article offers insights into the eurozone, one of the most challenging experiments toward market and political integration through a single monetary unit—namely, the euro. However, whereas markets might be fully integrated even without a common European currency, the euro and its functional institutions are shrinking sovereignty within member states. Today, the eurozone records the lowest percentage of growth in the world; it is an island of stagnation, deflation, and high unemployment rate. Six years after the beginning of the crisis, most of the European countries have not yet recovered the value of gross domestic product (GDP) recorded in 2008. Dani Rodrik's trilemma states that democracy, national sovereignty, and global economic integration are mutually incompatible. Yet the European Union is even shrinking both democracy and national sovereignty toward a global economic integration. Consequently, either democracy shall raise and abort such political project or euro will shrink democracy to village governance level only. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
The Histone‐Deacetylase‐Inhibitor Suberoylanilide Hydroxamic Acid Promotes Dental Pulp Repair Mechanisms Through Modulation of Matrix Metalloproteinase‐13 Activity
Authors: Duncan Henry F. , Smith Anthony J. , Fleming Garry J. P. , Partridge Nicola C. , Shimizu Emi , Moran Gary P. , Cooper Paul R.
Published: August 2015

Direct application of histone‐deacetylase‐inhibitors (HDACis) to dental pulp cells (DPCs) induces chromatin changes, promoting gene expression and cellular‐reparative events. We have previously demonstrated that HDACis (valproic acid, trichostatin A) increase mineralization in dental papillae‐derived cell‐lines and primary DPCs by stimulation of dentinogenic gene expression. Here, we investigated novel genes regulated by the HDACi, suberoylanilide hydroxamic acid (SAHA), to identify new pathways contributing to DPC differentiation. SAHA significantly compromised DPC viability only at relatively high concentrations (5 μM); while low concentrations (1 μM) SAHA did not increase apoptosis. HDACi‐exposure for 24 h induced mineralization‐per‐cell dose‐dependently after 2 weeks; however, constant 14d SAHA‐exposure inhibited mineralization. Microarray analysis (24 h and 14 days) of SAHA exposed cultures highlighted that 764 transcripts showed a significant >2.0‐fold change at 24 h, which reduced to 36 genes at 14 days. 59% of genes were down‐regulated at 24 h and 36% at 14 days, respectively. Pathway analysis indicated SAHA increased expression of members of the matrix metalloproteinase (MMP) family. Furthermore, SAHA‐supplementation increased MMP‐13 protein expression (7 d, 14 days) and enzyme activity (48 h, 14 days). Selective MMP‐13‐inhibition (MMP‐13i) dose‐dependently accelerated mineralization in both SAHA‐treated and non‐treated cultures. MMP‐13i‐supplementation promoted expression of several mineralization‐associated markers, however, HDACi‐induced cell migration and wound healing were impaired. Data demonstrate that short‐term low‐dose SAHA‐exposure promotes mineralization in DPCs by modulating gene pathways and tissue proteases. MMP‐13i further increased mineralization‐associated events, but decreased HDACi cell migration indicating a specific role for MMP‐13 in pulpal repair processes. Pharmacological inhibition of HDAC and MMP may provide novel insights into pulpal repair processes with significant translational benefit. J. Cell. Physiol. 231: 798–816, 2016. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Comparison of binding behavior for molecularly imprinted polymers prepared by hierarchical imprinting or Pickering emulsion polymerization
Authors: Giovannoli Cristina , Passini Cinzia , Anfossi Laura , Nardo Fabio Di , Spano Giulia , Maurino Valter , Baggiani Claudio
Published: August 2015

The aim of this study was the evaluation of the binding performances and selectivity of molecularly imprinted beads prepared toward several penicillins (i) by hierarchical bulk polymerization in the pores of template‐grafted silica microbeads (hMIPs) and (ii) by Pickering emulsion polymerization in the presence of template‐decorated silica nanobeads (pMIPs). 6‐Aminopenicillanic acid was chosen as the common fragmental mimic template. Both approaches produced micron‐sized polymeric beads with good recognition properties toward the target ligands whereas the selectivity pattern appeared quite different. The polymer prepared by the Pickering emulsion approach showed binding properties similar to imprinted beads prepared by hierarchical approach. Equilibrium binding constants changed their values from 0.1–0.2 × 106 (hMIPs) to 0.2–0.6 × 106 M−1 (pMIPs), while the binding site densities changed from 3.7–4.8 (hMIPs) to 0.3–0.55 μmol/g (pMIPs). Compared to the hierarchical polymerization, Pickering emulsion polymerization represents a more practical approach when a template mimic needs to be used.
Healing of chronic wounds with adjunctive ablative fractional laser resurfacing in two pediatric patients
Authors: Krakowski Andrew C. , Diaz Lucia , Admani Shehla , Uebelhoer Nathan S. , Shumaker Peter R.
Published: August 2015

Background and Objectives

The development of chronic non‐healing wounds is multifactorial and can lead to increased patient morbidity. When traditional wound care methods fail, alternative treatments are needed to prevent chronic ulcer complications. Ablative fractional laser resurfacing (AFR) is an emerging therapy for chronic wounds. We report the successful use of AFR to facilitate the healing of chronic wounds in two pediatric patients.

Study Design/Materials and Methods

This is a case series including two patients with chronic wounds within scars that were treated with a micro‐fractionated carbon dioxide (CO2) laser in a single pass at a pulse energy of 50 mJ and a treatment density of 5%. One patient had one treatment and the other had two treatments 1 month apart.

Results

AFR led to rapid healing of chronic wounds in both pediatric patients. The wounds remained epithelialized after 9 months in one patient and 4 months in the other. There were no complications.

Conclusions

The combination of tolerability and efficacy observed in these cases introduces AFR as a potential promising adjunct to existing treatments for chronic, non‐healing wounds in the pediatric population. Lasers Surg. Med. 48:166–169, 2016. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Streptococcus pneumoniae Genome‐wide Identification and Characterization of BOX Element‐binding Domains
Authors: Zhang Qiao , Wang Changzheng , Wan Min , Wu Yin , Ma Qianli
Published: August 2015

The BOX elements are short repetitive DNA sequences that distribute randomly in intergenic regions of the Streptococcus pneumoniae genome. The function and origin of such elements are still unknown, but they were found to modulate expression of neighboring genes. Evidences suggested that the modulation’s mechanism can be fulfilled by sequence‐specific interaction of BOX elements with transcription factor family proteins. However, the type and function of these BOX‐binding proteins still remain largely unexplored to date. In the current study we described a synthetic protocol to investigate the recognition and interaction between a highly conserved site of BOX elements and the DNA‐binding domains of a variety of putative transcription factors in the pneumococcal genome. With the protocol we were able to predict those high‐affinity domain binders of the conserved BOX DNA site (BOX DNA) in a high‐throughput manner, and analyzed sequence‐specific interaction in the domainDNA recognition at molecular level. Consequently, a number of putative transcription factor domains with both high affinity and specificity for the BOX DNA were identified, from which the helix‐turn‐helix (HTH) motif of a small heat shock factor was selected as a case study and tested for its binding capability toward the double‐stranded BOX DNA using fluorescence anisotropy analysis. As might be expected, a relatively high affinity was detected for the interaction of HTH motif with BOX DNA with dissociation constant at nanomolar level. Molecular dynamics simulation, atomic structure examination and binding energy analysis revealed a complicated network of intensive nonbonded interactions across the complex interface, which confers both stability and specificity for the complex architecture.
Spata19 is critical for sperm mitochondrial function and male fertility
Authors: Mi Yongjie , Shi Zhao , Li Jian
Published: August 2015

Haploid round spermatids undergo differentiation and morphogenesis during spermiogenesis, resulting in mature spermatozoa. The molecular details underlying this transformation, however, remain poorly understood. In this study, we generated and analyzed germ cell‐specific Spata19 knockout mice (Spata19flox/flox; Stra8‐Cre; hereafter termed “Spata19 cKO”) to assess the model that SPATA19 contributes to mitochondrial function in differentiating spermatids. Spata19‐cKO males were infertile, as their sperm exhibited disorganized mitochondrial structure; furthermore, their sperm‐abundance of mitochondrial proteins, activities of mitochondrial respiratory chain complex IV, and ATP levels were significantly reduced. Yet, the infertility of Spata19‐cKO males was rescued by intracytoplasmic sperm injection, so the sperm are capable of initiating development. Collectively, our findings suggest that SPATA19 plays an important role in sperm motility by regulating the organization and function of the mitochondria. Mol. Reprod. Dev. 82: 907–913, 2015. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Fascicular involvement in common fibular neuropathy: Evaluation with ultrasound
Authors: Bignotti Bianca , Cadoni Angela , Assini Andrea , Martinoli Carlo , Tagliafico Alberto
Published: August 2015

Introduction

The aim of this study was to demonstrate single fascicular involvement in common fibular (CF) neuropathy using high‐resolution ultrasound (US). Methods: We prospectively enrolled 40 adult patients with clinical and electrodiagnostic suspected CF neuropathy between April 2012 and December 2014. Two musculoskeletal radiologists used high‐resolution US probes to prospectively and independently evaluate the CF nerve bilaterally in these patients. The presence of single fascicular involvement (increased cross‐sectional area and loss of fascicular echotexture) was recorded. Results: US revealed involvement of only 1 fascicular component of the CF nerve in 7 patients. In all these patients, US revealed involvement of the anterior fascicles corresponding to fibers for the deep fibular nerve. Conclusions: High‐resolution US allowed identification of single fascicular involvement in CF neuropathy. Anterior fascicular involvement was present in up to 17% of patients with suspected CF neuropathy. Muscle Nerve 53: 532–537, 2016
Effect of concomitant single incision vaginal surgery on mid urethral sling success
Authors: Aydın Serdar , Arıoğlu Aydın Çağrı
Published: August 2015

Aims

The aim of this study was to assess medium‐term outcomes of the single anterior vaginal wall incision technique with concomitant mid‐urethral sling (MUS) procedure.

Methods

Patients suffering from stress urinary incontinence and who desired surgical correction for their incontinence were divided into two groups according to MUS surgery alone or MUS surgery with anterior vaginal wall surgery. Concomitant surgery was performed via single large anterior vaginal wall incision. Primary outcome was treatment success 12 months after surgery. Urodynamic and baseline factors that may be associated with surgery failure were analyzed.

Results

Single incision anterior colporrhaphy with MUS was performed in 180 patients, 62 patients underwent only MUS procedure. Success rate was 87.1% in sling surgery alone and 83.9% in single incision concomitant surgery group (P = 0.5). Detrusor overactivity (DO) was present on UDS in 23 of 37 women (62.2%) with MUS failure, 81 of 205 women (39.7%) with no stress test positivity with the cough stress test (P < 0.05). Total continence rate in patients who underwent vaginal hysterectomy was 60.6% (P < 0.001).

Conclusion

Concurrent cystocele repair with MUS operations through a single anterior wall incision is a safe and effective method for SUI. This study demonstrated an increased risk of surgery failure for those who underwent a concurrent hysterectomy for pelvic organ prolapse. Neurourol. Urodynam. 35:995–999, 2016. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Metaproteomic evidence of changes in protein expression following a change in electrode potential in a robust biocathode microbiome
Authors: Leary Dagmar H. , Hervey William Judson , Malanoski Anthony P. , Wang Zheng , Eddie Brian J. , Tender Gabrielle S. , Vora Gary J. , Tender Leonard M. , Lin Baochuan , Strycharz‐Glaven Sarah M.
Published: August 2015

Microorganisms that respire electrodes may be exploited for biotechnology applications if key pathways for extracellular electron transfer can be identified and manipulated through bioengineering. To determine whether expression of proposed Biocathode‐MCL extracellular electron transfer proteins are changed by modulating electrode potential without disrupting the relative distribution of microbial constituents, metaproteomic and 16S rRNA gene expression analyses were performed after switching from an optimal to suboptimal potential based on an expected decrease in electrode respiration. Five hundred and seventy‐nine unique proteins were identified across both potentials, the majority of which were assigned to three previously defined Biocathode‐MCL metagenomic clusters: a Marinobacter sp., a member of the family Chromatiaceae, and a Labrenzia sp (abbreviated as MCL). Statistical analysis of spectral counts using the Fisher's exact test identified 16 proteins associated with the optimal potential, five of which are predicted electron transfer proteins. The majority of proteins associated with the suboptimal potential were involved in protein turnover/synthesis, motility, and membrane transport. Unipept and 16S rRNA gene expression analyses indicated that the taxonomic profile of the microbiome did not change after 52 h at the suboptimal potential. These findings show that protein expression is sensitive to the electrode potential without inducing shifts in community composition, a feature that may be exploited for engineering Biocathode‐MCL. All MS data have been deposited in the ProteomeXchange with identifier PXD001590 (http://proteomecentral.proteomexchange.org/dataset/PXD001590).
Shotgun metaproteomic profiling of biomimetic anaerobic digestion processes treating sewage sludge
Authors: Bize Ariane , Cardona Laëtitia , Desmond‐Le Quéméner Elie , Battimelli Audrey , Badalato Nelly , Bureau Chrystelle , Madigou Céline , Chevret Didier , Guillot Alain , Monnet Véronique , Godon Jean‐Jacques , Bouchez Théodore
Published: August 2015

Two parallel anaerobic digestion lines were designed to match a “bovid‐like” digestive structure. Each of the lines consisted of two continuous stirred tank reactors placed in series and separated by an acidic treatment step. The first line was inoculated with industrial inocula whereas the second was seeded with cow digestive tract contents. After 3 months of continuous sewage sludge feeding, samples were recovered for shotgun metaproteomic and DNA‐based analysis. Strikingly, protein‐inferred and 16S ribosomal DNA tags based taxonomic community profiles were not consistent. PCA however revealed a similar clustering pattern of the samples, suggesting that reproducible methodological and/or biological factors underlie this observation. The performances of the two digestion lines did not differ significantly and the cow‐derived inocula did not establish in the reactors. A low throughput metagenomic dataset (3.4 × 106 reads, 1.1 Gb) was also generated for one of the samples. It allowed a substantial increase of the analysis depth (11 vs. 4% of spectral identification rate for the combined samples). Surprisingly, a high proportion of proteins from members of the "Candidatus Competibacter" group, a key microbial player usually found in activated sludge plants, was retrieved in our anaerobic digester samples. Data are available via ProteomeXchange with identifier PXD002420 (http://proteomecentral.proteomexchange.org/dataset/PXD002420).
Siblings' experiences of their brother's or sister's cancer death: a nationwide follow‐up 2–9 years later
Authors: Lövgren Malin , Jalmsell Li , Eilegård Wallin Alexandra , Steineck Gunnar , Kreicbergs Ulrika
Published: August 2015

Objective

The aim of this study was to examine siblings' experiences of their brother's or sister's cancer death and if these experiences influenced levels of anxiety 2–9 years later.

Methods

This nationwide survey was conducted in Sweden in 2009. All siblings who had a brother/sister who was diagnosed with cancer before the age of 17 years and who died before the age of 25 years during 2000–2007 were invited. Of those, 174 siblings participated (participation rate: 73%). Mixed data from the survey about the siblings' experiences of death were included as well as data from the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale. To examine the experiences, descriptive statistics and content analysis were used. Mann–Whitney U‐test was conducted to investigate if the experiences influenced anxiety 2–9 years later.

Results

The siblings reported poor knowledge and experienced a lack of communication about their brother's/sister's death, for example, about the time frame, bodily changes near death, and about their own experiences. Siblings who reported that no one talked with them about what to expect when their brother/sister was going to die reported higher levels of anxiety 2–9 years after the loss. Seventy percent reported that they witnessed their brother/sister suffering in the last hours in life. Many of those who were not present during the illness period and at the time of death expressed regret.

Conclusion

It is important to prepare siblings for their brother's/sister's illness and death as it may decrease anxiety and regrets later on. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Accuracy of transvaginal ultrasound for diagnosis of deep endometriosis in uterosacral ligaments, rectovaginal septum, vagina and bladder: systematic review and meta‐analysis
Authors: Guerriero S. , Ajossa S. , Minguez J. A. , Jurado M. , Mais V. , Melis G. B. , Alcazar J. L.
Published: August 2015

Objective

To review the diagnostic accuracy of transvaginal ultrasound (TVS) in the preoperative detection of endometriosis in the uterosacral ligaments (USL), rectovaginal septum (RVS), vagina and bladder in patients with clinical suspicion of deep infiltrating endometriosis (DIE).

Methods

An extensive search was performed in MEDLINE (PubMed) and EMBASE for studies published between January 1989 and December 2014. Studies were considered eligible if they reported on the use of TVS for the preoperative detection of endometriosis in the USL, RVS, vagina and bladder in women with clinical suspicion of DIE using the surgical data as a reference standard. Study quality was assessed using the PRISMA guidelines and QUADAS‐2 tool.

Results

Of the 801 citations identified, 11 studies (n = 1583) were considered eligible and were included in the meta‐analysis. For detection of endometriosis in the USL, the overall pooled sensitivity and specificity of TVS were 53% (95%CI, 35–70%) and 93% (95%CI, 83–97%), respectively. The pretest probability of USL endometriosis was 54%, which increased to 90% when suspicion of endometriosis was present after TVS examination. For detection of endometriosis in the RVS, the overall pooled sensitivity and specificity were 49% (95%CI, 36–62%) and 98% (95%CI, 95–99%), respectively. The pretest probability of RVS endometriosis was 24%, which increased to 89% when suspicion of endometriosis was present after TVS examination. For detection of vaginal endometriosis, the overall pooled sensitivity and specificity were 58% (95%CI, 40–74%) and 96% (95%CI, 87–99%), respectively. The pretest probability of vaginal endometriosis was 17%, which increased to 76% when suspicion of endometriosis was present after TVS assessment. Substantial heterogeneity was found for sensitivity and specificity for all these locations. For detection of bladder endometriosis, the overall pooled sensitivity and specificity were 62% (95%CI, 40–80%) and 100% (95%CI, 97–100%), respectively. Moderate heterogeneity was found for sensitivity and specificity for bladder endometriosis. The pretest probability of bladder endometriosis was 5%, which increased to 92% when suspicion of endometriosis was present after TVS assessment.

Conclusion

Overall diagnostic performance of TVS for detecting DIE in uterosacral ligaments, rectovaginal septum, vagina and bladder is fair with high specificity. Copyright © 2015 ISUOG. Published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd.
Acceptability of, and Information Needs Regarding, Next‐Generation Sequencing in People Tested for Hereditary Cancer: A Qualitative Study
Authors: Meiser Bettina , Storey Ben , Quinn Veronica , Rahman Belinda , Andrews Lesley
Published: August 2015

Next generation sequencing (NGS) for patients at risk of hereditary cancer syndromes can also identify non‐cancer related mutations, as well as variants of unknown significance. This study aimed to determine what benefits and shortcomings patients perceive in relation to NGS, as well as their interest and information preferences in regards to such testing. Eligible patients had previously received inconclusive results from clinical mutation testing for cancer susceptibility. Semi‐structured telephone interviews were subjected to qualitative analysis guided by the approach developed by Miles and Huberman. The majority of the 19 participants reported they would be interested in panel/genomic testing. Advantages identified included that it would enable better preparation and allow implementation of individualized preventative strategies, with few disadvantages mentioned. Almost all participants said they would want all results, not just those related to their previous diagnosis. Participants felt that a face‐to‐face discussion supplemented by an information booklet would be the best way to convey information and achieve informed consent. All participants wanted their information stored and reviewed in accordance with new developments. Although the findings indicate strong interest among these individuals, it seems that the consent process, and the interpretation and communication of results will be areas that will require revision to meet the needs of patients.
Disciplinary action for academic dishonesty: does the student’s gender matter?
Authors: Witmer Hope , Johansson Jonas
Published: August 2015

The purpose of this study is to identify if gender differences exist with respect to conviction of university students for academic dishonesty. To investigate this phenomenon, data from the Swedish National Agency for Higher Education (SNAHE) and from disciplinary boards of several Swedish universities were evaluated from a gender perspective. To identify whether the penalty severity for academic dishonesty is gender biased, the ratio of suspensions/warnings for male and female students was calculated. It was identified that female students are less prevalent in disciplinary matters and that there was no systematic gender bias in penalty severities (warnings or suspensions). In addition, female students deny academic dishonest behaviors more than male students, indicating a possibly higher false conviction rate.
Brief report: A randomized controlled trial examining peer support and behavioral weight loss treatment☆
Authors: Kulik Noel , Ennett Susan T. , Ward Dianne S. , Bowling J. Michael , Fisher Edwin B. , Tate Deborah F.
Published: August 2015

Peer support among adolescents has been positively associated with heath behaviors; however, enhancing peer support for weight loss has rarely been studied among adolescents. This study examined whether a peer support training component delivered to enhance a standard weight loss program led to improved outcomes. Forty‐one overweight adolescent females were randomly assigned to a Standard or Enhanced Peer Support intervention. The Enhanced group received in person peer support skills training and practiced skills using social networking. At 16 weeks, participants in the Enhanced condition reported significantly increased perceptions of friend support. Both groups demonstrated significant weight loss (6.4 lbs, ± 8.3). Attendance and self‐monitoring were associated with weight loss. Perceptions of peer support can be increased with a peer training component, but did not increase weight loss during the short term.
Variant Rett syndrome in a girl with a pericentric X‐chromosome inversion leading to epigenetic changes and overexpression of the MECP2 gene
Authors: Vieira José Pedro , Lopes Fátima , Silva‐Fernandes Anabela , Sousa Maria Vânia , Moura Sofia , Sousa Susana , Costa Bruno M. , Barbosa Mafalda , Ylstra Bauke , Temudo Teresa , Lourenço Teresa , Maciel Patrícia
Published: August 2015

Rett syndrome is a neurodevelopmental disorder caused by mutations in the MECP2 gene. We investigated the genetic basis of disease in a female patient with a Rett‐like clinical. Karyotype analysis revealed a pericentric inversion in the X chromosome −46,X,inv(X)(p22.1q28), with breakpoints in the cytobands where the MECP2 and CDKL5 genes are located. FISH analysis revealed that the MECP2 gene is not dislocated by the inversion. However, and in spite of a balanced pattern of X inactivation, this patient displayed hypomethylation and an overexpression of the MECP2 gene at the mRNA level in the lymphocytes (mean fold change: 2.55 ± 0.38) in comparison to a group of control individuals; the expression of the CDKL5 gene was similar to that of controls (mean fold change: 0.98 ± 0.10). No gains or losses were detected in the breakpoint regions encompassing known or suspected transcription regulatory elements. We propose that the de‐regulation of MECP2 expression in this patient may be due to alterations in long‐range genomic interactions caused by the inversion and hypothesize that this type of epigenetic de‐regulation of the MECP2 may be present in other RTT‐like patients.
Women's Participation in Violent Political Organizations
Authors: THOMAS JAKANA L. , BOND KANISHA D.
Published: August 2015

While women have participated in a variety of militarized movements across time and space, the determinants of their participation have not been examined systematically. In this article, we seek to explain variation in women's involvement across different violent political organizations. Our research highlights the role that organizational attributes play in influencing women's presence in violent groups. We evaluate our hypotheses using an original dataset on women's participation in and characteristics of 166 violent political organizations across 19 African countries from 1950 to 2011. Our empirical results show strong support for our argument that organization-based opportunities for women's participation explain whether female members are present in a group.
Presidential Particularism and Divide-the-Dollar Politics—CORRIGENDUM
Authors: KRINER DOUGLAS L. , REEVES ANDREW
Published: August 2015

On page 157 of the article by Kriner and Reeves in the February 2015 issue of American Political Science Review, the author of a book by Hart (1995) is incorrectly cited as House. On page 170, the reference incorrectly lists the author as House and the publisher as M.E. Sharpe. The publisher is in fact Chatham House. The correct reference is below.
The Significance of Money Beyond Ingham’s Sociology of Money
Authors: Sgambati Stefano
Published: August 2015

Understanding money requires that we first grasp what makes money so significant—sovaluable—to us. The article thus examines the sociology outlined by Geoffrey Ingham and criticises its ontology of money as ameasure of valueunderpinned by state authority. By contrast, it argues that money ought to be primarily intended asvalue in itself. Accordingly, money’s most specific attribute is none of its canonical functions but rather purchasing power: the powernotto pay, or else the power tobuy time. The latter is not the mere product of state (fiscal) agency, but is entangled from the start with the production of liquidity and the construction of speculative markets for debt. Thus the paper emphasises the importance of concrete bankdiscounting vis-à-vis abstract accounting in concrete processes of monetisation, and shows how modern money, far from cancelling debts, is historically constructed within liquid financial relations so as to “buy time” and systematically procrastinate the final “rendering of accounts” for debtors. As a result, money cannot exist without the simultaneous existence of a debt that it will never discharge.
GROUP ACTION PRESERVING THE HAAGERUP PROPERTY OF -ALGEBRAS
Authors: YOU CHAO
Published: August 2015

From the viewpoint of $C^{\ast }$-dynamical systems, we define a weak version of the Haagerup property for the group action on a $C^{\ast }$-algebra. We prove that this group action preserves the Haagerup property of $C^{\ast }$-algebras in the sense of Dong [‘Haagerup property for $C^{\ast }$-algebras’, J. Math. Anal. Appl.377 (2011), 631–644], that is, the reduced crossed product $C^{\ast }$-algebra $A\rtimes _{{\it\alpha},\text{r}}{\rm\Gamma}$ has the Haagerup property with respect to the induced faithful tracial state $\widetilde{{\it\tau}}$ if $A$ has the Haagerup property with respect to ${\it\tau}$.
The Wisconsin Plasma Astrophysics Laboratory
Authors: Forest C. B. , Flanagan K. , Brookhart M. , Clark M. , Cooper C. M. , Désangles V. , Egedal J. , Endrizzi D. , Khalzov I. V. , Li H. , Miesch M. , Milhone J. , Nornberg M. , Olson J. , Peterson E. , Roesler F. , Schekochihin A. , Schmitz O. , Siller R. , Spitkovsky A. , Stemo A. , Wallace J. , Weisberg D. , Zweibel E.
Published: August 2015

The Wisconsin Plasma Astrophysics Laboratory (WiPAL) is a flexible user facility designed to study a range of astrophysically relevant plasma processes as well as novel geometries that mimic astrophysical systems. A multi-cusp magnetic bucket constructed from strong samarium cobalt permanent magnets now confines a$10~\text{m}^{3}$, fully ionized, magnetic-field-free plasma in a spherical geometry. Plasma parameters of$T_{e}\approx 5$to$20~\text{eV}$and$n_{e}\approx 10^{11}$to$5\times 10^{12}~\text{cm}^{-3}$provide an ideal testbed for a range of astrophysical experiments, including self-exciting dynamos, collisionless magnetic reconnection, jet stability, stellar winds and more. This article describes the capabilities of WiPAL, along with several experiments, in both operating and planning stages, that illustrate the range of possibilities for future users.
An economic perspective on oceans and human health
Authors: Legat Audrey , French Veronica , McDonough Niall
Published: August 2015

Human health and wellbeing are intrinsically connected to our seas and oceans through a complex relationship comprising both positive and negative influences. Although significant public health impacts result from this relationship, the economic implications are rarely analysed. We reviewed the literature to assess current knowledge on the economic valuation and impacts of ocean and human health interactions in a European context. Quantitative analyses on the economic impacts of varying ocean-health interactions were limited. Common challenges to economic assessment included the difficulty in obtaining estimates for indirect healthcare costs, under-reporting of illness and the lack of standardization of surveillance data on illnesses, when available. It was also evident that non-market values, such as health promotion and psychological benefits are underrepresented in economic assessments, most likely because of the lack of standardized valuation methods for such non-market values. We provide recommendations to improve knowledge of ocean and human health linkages and progress future assessment of its economic implications in Europe.
Visual awareness relies on exogenous orienting of attention: Evidence from unilateral neglect
Authors: Bartolomeo Paolo , Chokron Sylvie
Published: August 2015

Unilateral neglect stems from a relatively selective impairment of exogenous, or stimulus-related, orienting of attention. This neuropsychological evidence parallels “change blindness” experiments, in which normal individuals lack awareness of salient details in the visual scene as a consequence of their attention being exogenously attracted by a competing event, suggesting that visual consciousness requires the integrity of exogenous orienting of attention.