bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Carrying on Samir Amin’s Legacy
Authors: Kagarlitsky Boris
Published: September 2019

Kagarlitsky argues, “The global defeat of the left has stimulated rapid corruption and degradation of the capitalist classes and, as a result, has aggravated all the contradictions and problems that the system faces. The collapse of the left movement has given rise to a more acute need for a socialist alternative than ever before in the past 50 years.” Yet, he notes that the situation for building left unity is now rather dire, as few countries have strong left parties and old left parties have lost their legitimacy and appeal. “[A] new political alternative can be neither invented nor constructed artificially or mechanically. Our task today is to collect and integrate the experience of the struggle (including the political one) accumulated in different countries. We are entering a period when bold strategic experimentation is needed.”
Forum on Samir Amin's Proposal for a New International of Workers and People
Authors: Amin Samir
Published: September 2019

Amin argues that “[w]e are now in the phase of the ‘autumn of capitalism’ without this being strengthened by the emergence of ‘the people’s spring’ and a socialist perspective. …There is no alternative other than that enabled by a renewal of the international radical left, capable of carrying out—and not just imagining—socialist advances.” What is needed is “the lucid and organized intervention of the international front of the workers and the peoples.” He proposes the establishment of a “new Internationale” that consists of “an Organization… and not just a ‘movement’” or discussion forum (such as the World Social Forum process). Such an Internationale should draw from experiences of previous worker Internationales, and seek to apply lessons from this history to the current context.
ON SPACELIKE BIHARMONIC SLANT HELICES ACCORDING TO BISHOP FRAME IN THE LORENTZIAN GROUP OF RIGID MOTIONS E(1,1) - doi: 10.5269/bspm.v30i2.14558
Authors: Körpınar Talat , Turhan Essin
Published: September 2019

In this paper, we study spacelike biharmonic slant helices according to Bishop frame in the Lorentzian group of rigid motions E(1,1). We characterize the spacelike biharmonic slant helices in terms of their curvatures in the Lorentzian group of rigid motions E(1,1). Finally, we obtain parametric equations of spacelike biharmonic slant helices according to Bishop frame in the Lorentzian group of rigid motions E(1,1).
In Search of Pedigrees: Why Do We Harm the Dogs We Love?
Authors: Lockwood Randall
Published: September 2019

Michael Brandow provides a unique analysis of the rise of the “dog fancy” in the United States and the United Kingdom. He attributes much of the motivation to acquire, breed, and show prestigious pure-bred dogs to a human need for status at the cost of serious detriment to the health and welfare of the many breeds developed to meet these needs. Although the many problems associated with the production of such dogs have been increasingly recognized by the veterinary and animal welfare communities, such concerns have had relatively little impact on the popularity of these dogs. It is hoped that greater awareness of the harm to dogs caused by human vanity and greed may help foster a more humane human-canine relationship.
Free, Prior, and Informed Consent: The Olympic Movement’s International Responsibilities to Indigenous Peoples in Canada and across the Globe
Authors: O’Bonsawin Christine
Published: September 2019

Over the last half-century, the rights of Indigenous peoples have been recognized and engraved within international practice and law. Throughout this same period, the International Olympic Committee (IOC) has not expressed its readiness, or its willingness, to observe such developing ethical and legal principles. Subsequently, through the hosting of the Olympic Games, the IOC continues to move freely throughout the world and onto Indigenous lands. This paper argues that the IOC has legal and moral obligations—as an international organization with far-reaching powers and stated commitments to social responsibility, ethical principles, and the preservation of human dignity—to uphold international practices and laws concerning universal standards for the survival, dignity, well-being, and rights of Indigenous peoples. If the IOC accepts these responsibilities, it may begin to fulfill truthfully its mandate and start to make meaningful contributions to the advancement of the rights of Indigenous peoples in Canada and around the world.
Attitudes of Polish Immigrants in the United States Towards Diaspora Organizations: A Comparative View
Authors: Fiń Anna , Nowak Witold , Nowosielski Michał
Published: September 2019

The aim of the paper is to describe the social participation of Poles living in the United States in Polish immigrant organizations, their opinions concerning the functioning of such organizations and their readiness to become involved in diaspora organizations along with explaining the crucial determinants of the above-mentioned social phenomena. The analysis is based on empirical data collected using an internet survey of Poles living in the USA and incorporates comparative analysis with selected European countries. The results of the empirical analysis will be discussed in the context of the outcomes of a conducted literature review.
“How does it feel to be a problem?” Black German Girlhood and the Historical Entanglements of Nation
Authors: Donaldson Sonya
Published: September 2019

In this comparative reading of Doris McMillon’s Mixed Blessing and Ika Hügel-Marshall’s Invisible Woman, I examine the ways that the authors use the autobiographical form to engage notions of black girlhood in both Germany and the United States. By focusing on their fractured family relationships—and their desire for a return to family, race, and nation—the authors reveal the ways in which national and transnational discourses demarcate the boundaries of racial and national belonging. The narratives return us to scenes of fraught personal and national histories to articulate experiences of subject-making that echo transnationally, while making visible the black girl’s body as a pivotal site of nation-state transformation.
In the Life: On Black Queer Kinship
Authors: Green Kai M.
Published: September 2019

In this short piece, the author stages a poetic and performative conversation between himself and the black queer figures he imagines as his chosen-family tree. This piece is an attempt to linger in the black queer inventiveness that is as much tethered to a real and imagined past as it is to all possible radical black futures.
Teaching Technical Teacher Candidates with Various Types of Learning Styles: Online and Face-to-Face Compounds
Authors: Tambunan Hamonangan , Silitonga Marsangkap , Sidabutar Uli Basa
Published: September 2019

Differences in statements about the practice of blended learning (a combination of online and face-to-face instruction) were found in experiments conducted on prospective students of engineering teachers. There were various forms of learning, and—significantly—the various types of learning styles had a significant influence on competence. Group members’ competencies based on learning is significantly different, but based on the type of learning style, there are competencies which are not significantly different between several groups
Entrepreneurship and Equity Crowdfunding: Does It Matter?
Authors: Troise Ciro
Published: September 2019

This study aims to explore how entrepreneurship, i.e. the three well-known dimensions of entrepreneurial orientation (EO) (innovativeness, risk taking and proactiveness), affects equity crowdfunding (ECF) performance. Many contributions in the entrepreneurship literature suggested that the entrepreneurial process is incomplete with the creation of a new venture. In this vein, the present paper focuses on the company’s fundraising capability, a stage that follow the establishment of a new business. Empirical regression analyses were performed and the sample consists of 134 projects collected from seven Italian platforms. Interesting successful drivers, belonging to the EO sphere, emerge from the study. Findings show statistically significant influence of the three exploratory variables: product innovation (as expression of innovativeness) and planning (as expression of proactiveness) positively affect ECF performance, while equity offered (as expression of risk taking propensity) has a negative impact. Scholars have little knowledge about the role of entrepreneurship in the ECF context, this study sheds some light on the importance of entrepreneurial aspects. The originality of this study lies both in the entrepreneurial framework and in the factors analyzed. The insights could have interesting implications for entrepreneurs, platform managers, investors and policy makers.
Distribution of Deputy Mandates: Analysis of Proportional Representation in the Context of a Mixed Electoral System
Authors: Volkova Natalia Vasilyevna , Dudochnikov Alexey Igorevich , Kamalova Alina Ajdarovna , Naurskov Anton Vladimirovich , Gaffarova Sima Feruzovna
Published: September 2019

Elections are a socio-political institution, during which holding it is determined what the nature of the reforms will be in the next few years. It is important that the legitimacy of the electoral process is high and that key reforms are determined by competent government officials. The basic element of elections is a high level of competition, which should exist not only between various political entities that exercise eligibility to vote and right to be elected but also within such structures fighting for power.

The paper contains an analysis concerning the issue on the functioning of the proportional vote distribution institute. According to the election results, it is necessary to determine how many seats will go to a certain party, which, according to the proportional system, has overcome the percentage barrier. In world practice, there is a whole range of proportional distribution methods that form two large groups: the largest remainder methods and the dividers methods. There are discussions on this parameter, and each country has adopted its own methodology. In Russia, with a proportional distribution of seats, one of the largest remainder methods is used, namely, the Hare method. The study will reflect the analysis of the functioning of proportional distribution systems in Russia and in the world.
Constitutional and Legal Aspects of State Control and Supervision Activities (Legal Positions of the Constitutional Court of the Russian Federation)
Authors: Samigullina Aygul Faritovna , Imamov Almas Azgarovich , Kostina Ksenia Vyacheslavovna , Goncharova Alevtina Aleksandrovna
Published: September 2019

The presented article is devoted to the analysis of the legal positions of the Russian Federation Constitutional Court regarding the constitutionality of Russian legislation norms in the field of control and supervision activities. The generalization of the Constitutional Court practice of the Russian Federation allows you to group the decisions of the highest constitutional control body on several key issues: the limits of discretion by the legislator and law enforcer, the legal nature of state control and supervision measures, the balance of public and private interests in the sphere of relations under consideration and the guarantees of this balance. The team of authors concludes that the resolution of these problems is impossible without the Constitutional Court determining the content of a number of key concepts, developing the methodology for various constitutional principles and value balancing and, in general, focused efforts to constitutionalize Russian legislation.
An inverse spectral problem for Sturm-Liouville-type integro-differential operators with robin boundary conditions
Authors: Buterin Sergey
Published: September 2019

The perturbation of the Sturm--Liouville differential operator on a finite interval with Robin boundary conditions by a convolution operator is considered. The inverse problem of recovering the convolution term along with one boundary condition from the spectrum is studied, provided that the Sturm--Liouville potential as well as the other boundary condition are known a priori. The uniqueness of solution for this inverse problem is established along with necessary and sufficient conditions for its solvability. The proof is constructive and gives an algorithm for solving the inverse problem.
Ewolucjonizm wobec kwestii: natura versus kultura – konteksty edukacyjne
Authors: Mieszalski Stefan
Published: September 2019

The main purpose of the article is to show the opposition of nature and culture in the perspective of evolutionism in order to explain some repeatedly criticised features of school education such as school programs detached from everyday life, detachment of cognition from action or the necessity to constantly mobilise students to learn. Evolutionism alleviates the opposition of nature and culture by showing specific phases of human evolution. One of the positions presented in the article describes the evolution of man as the successive stages of adaptation to three worlds: physical, social and cultural. We carry the traces of these adaptations in ourselves today and find their influence in school education.
Zmiany w Ja na gruncie teorii Jeana-Claude Kaufmanna
Authors: Lindstedt Krzysztof
Published: September 2019

The article concerns selected aspects of Jean-Claude Kaufmann’s theory of Self, especially those that relate to changes in Self. Considerations of the author are accompanied by the following questions: 1) how is change in self understood in the French sociologist’s concept?; 2) what is characteristic of this change in the concept? The author presents an outline of Kaufmann’s idea of modernity and his theory of Self, and then he analyses the theory of changes in Self proposed by the French thinker, including interpretation of dreams, small passions and anomic events. In addition, the author refers to Peter Sloterdijk publication You Must Change Your Life.
Pedagogika wobec problematyczności bytu ludzkiego. O konfliktach w życiu człowieka
Authors: Rumianowska Agnieszka
Published: September 2019

The purpose of the article is to outline the problem of widely understood conflicts in human life from the perspective of existential philosophy. Without questioning the importance of psychological research on complex mechanisms underlying conflicts, the author points to the issue of the problematic nature of human existence, the category of freedom, the problem of the authenticity of being and the sense of meaning. In the second part of the paper, the essence of educational process in the context of experiencing difficulties and conflicting situations by human beings has been introduced. The necessity of taking into account the problem of being oneself and constituting a human being in relation to himself, the world and others has been presented.
RESEARCH Of THE INFLUENCE OF LONG-LASTING CYCLIC
LOADING ON THE GEOMETRY OF THE BUMP FOIL OF A GAS
FOIL BEARING
Authors: Bagiński Paweł , Żywica Grzegorz
Published: September 2019

The article describes the research aimed at checking the effect of a long-lasting pulsating load on the geometry
of the bump foil of a foil bearing. The tested foil was made of Inconel 625, which is one of the most popular
alloys used to manufacture components of foil bearings. The foil was tested both before and after its heat
treating in an electric furnace. The foil was subjected to loading using an electromagnetic vibration exciter,
whose exciting force and frequency were appropriately selected. The height of the individual bumps of the
foil was the basic parameter controlled after each measurement series. In addition, wear of the foil at the
contact points with the plates of the test rig was checked. The materials of which the elements of the tested
system were made are the same as the ones used in a real bearing. The article presents graphs that show how
the geometry of the bump foil changed during the research. The wear of the elements mating with the bump
foil was also evaluated.
DETERMINATION OF RANDOM FRICTION FORCES
ON THE BIOLOGICAL SURFACES OF A HUMAN HIP JOINT
WITH A PHOSPHOLIPID BILAYER
Authors: Wierzcholski Krzysztof
Published: September 2019

The paper presented concerns a new mathematical form of the stochastic theory of hydrodynamic friction
forces occurring on real human hip joint surfaces with a phospholipids bilayer. This paper particularly
presents a new review of stochastic analytical considerations realized by the authors for friction forces
estimation during hydrodynamic lubrication of biological surfaces performed on the basis of the gap height
measurements in the human hip joint. After numerous experimental measurements, it directly follows that
the random unsymmetrical increments and decrements of the gap height of human joints have an important
influence on the load carrying capacities and finally on the friction forces and wear of cooperating cartilage
surfaces. The main topic demonstrates the impact of the variations of expectancy values and the standard
deviation of the human joint gap height on the friction forces occurring in the human joint.
Moreover, an evident connection is observed between the apparent dynamic viscosity and the features of
the cartilage surface coated by the phospholipid cells. Hence, after the abovementioned remarks, follows
the corollary that the influence of the gap height stochastic variations and random surfaces coated by the PL
cells tend indirectly from the apparent viscosity into the friction force variations. The synthetic, complex
elaborations of the results obtained indicate the influence of the random roughness and stochastic growth of
living biological cartilage surfaces on the friction forces distribution.
FATIGUE STRENGTH IMPROVEMENT OF STEEL ROLLERS
IN CONVEYOR BELTS WHEN USING SHOT PEENING
Authors: Zając Grzegorz , Michnej Jerzy
Published: September 2019

Numerous factors influence the tribological wear of steel rollers used in conveyor belts. The difficulty in
precise determination of these factors results from, among others, a complex and not completely explored
wear mechanism. Corrosive and fatigue damages of conveyor belt rollers start mainly on the surface. The
present article describes studies on the influence of processing technology of the roller surface by means of
the shot peening method in the context of fatigue strength improvement. Compressive stresses formed due to
shot peening reach the maximum value just below the roller surface. The values of compressive stresses reach
about half of the proof stress of the steel from which they are made. In results of the carried out experimental
model tests, it was found that it is possible to significantly improve the properties of the top surface layer
of the roller surface, and especially to increase fatigue strength, fatigue corrosion resistance, resistance to
cracking caused by stress corrosion, and the like.
The Littlest Learners: Presenting Coding Concepts for Preschoolers
Authors: Dragenflo Henry
Published: September 2019

Coding is a set of complex skills that combines art, language, and logic. With so much learning and creating happening in digital worlds, there is a strong impetus to figure out how, and how early, to teach coding skills to kids.However, underlying coding skills are concepts that very early learners can comprehend and practice in preparation to learn coding. These concepts are fundamental to much of the thinking and understanding that happens in STEM subjects. Presenting these concepts in library programming improves digital literacy and bolsters the work we do with early literacy skills. While parents and caregivers play a crucial role in using coding concepts in a child’s daily life, librarians can help by embracing the role of media mentors.
From Snowflakesto Avalanche: Meet Laura Purdie Salas, the Puzzle Poet
Authors: Vardell Sylvia
Published: September 2019

Laura Purdie Salas grew up in Florida, currently lives in Minnesota, is a former teacher, and is now a prolific poet and frequent presenter with more than 130 books to her credit. She has authored both poetry and nonfiction, as well as resource books for educators and aspiring writers. Her work has been recognized with multiple awards, including selection as a National Council of Teachers of English (NCTE) Notable book, an International Literacy Association Teachers’ Choice, and a Junior Library Guild Selection.
Diagnostico da fragilidade ambiental na Bacia do Submédio Tocantins: UHE Tucuruí
Authors: Belato Leoni de Souza , Serrão Sérgio Luis Cardoso , Dias Rafael Pompeu
Published: September 2019

As geotecnologias cumprem um papel importante, relacionados à fragilidade do ambiente, pois são capazes de elaborar produtos capazes de identificar pontos de destaque e são altamente eficientes para a gestão do território e promoção da qualidade da paisagem. Este trabalho apresenta um modelo para determinar a fragilidade ambiental em bacias hidrográficas. O estudo foi realizado na Bacia do Submédio Tocantins, localizada na bacia hidrográfica do Tocantins-Araguaia. Fatores que influenciam a ocorrência de processos de vulnerabilidade ambiental foram integrados por algoritmos em um SIG para construção de classes de fragilidade. A análise multicriterial considerou o modelo numérico de terreno, dados oficiais sobre variáveis ambientais e imagem orbital de alta resolução. Através de informações secundárias sobre pedologia, intensidade das chuvas e declividade do terreno, gerou-se o Mapa de Fragilidade Potencial (MFP). Em seguida, foram sobrepostas ao MFP as informações sobre uso e cobertura da terra gerando, assim, o Mapa de Fragilidade Emergente (MFE). Os resultados mostram que mais de 50% da área da bacia possui fragilidade potencial considerada baixa ou muito baixa, enquanto mais de 30% da área da bacia possui fragilidade emergente. Os modelos geraram informações importantes para o planejamento territorial, possibilitando um zoneamento acessível e de fácil atualização para as prefeituras municipais e organizações da sociedade civil, inclusive para o monitoramento das áreas de alta fragilidade ambiental.
Pyogenic granuloma of the incisive papilla: A rare case report
Authors: LORINA CASTELINO Renita , RAO Kumuda , AHMAD BUCH Sajad , BHAT Supriya , G BABU Subhas , S PILLAI Devika
Published: September 2019

Pyogenic granuloma is a non-neoplastic reactive growth commonly found in the oral cavity and skin. It is benign in origin and may arise due to factors like trauma, local minor irritation and an imbalance in the levels of hormones. Oral pyogenic granuloma occurs commonly in young females in second decade of their life possibly due to hormonal influences leading to changes in the vascular system. Oral pyogenic granuloma presents itself as a smooth or lobulated growth, mostly pedunculated but occasionally with a sessile growth. The colour of pyogenic granuloma may vary from pink, red and purple and this variation in colour is related to the age of the lesion. Clinically the most common site for oral pyogenic granuloma is gingiva, lips, tongue and buccal mucosa. This report presents a unique location for oral pyogenic granuloma at incisive papilla. Palatal pyogenic granuloma is rarely reported.
Spindle Cell Lipoma of the Buccal Mucosa- A Case Report
Authors: SOLOMON Monica Charlotte , MATHEW Mary
Published: September 2019

Spindle cell lipomas are a distinct variant of lipomas that occur very rarely in the oral cavity. The most common site for occurrence of this entity in the oral cavity is the tongue. The presence of spindle cells in the lesion calls for critical histopathological evaluation of the lesion. Here we present a new case of spindle cell lipoma that occurred on the buccal mucosa of a 45-year-old female patient. We provide an insight to the pathogenesis and the pathology of the entity.
Three Acts of Resistance during the 2014–16 West Africa Ebola Epidemic
Authors: Marcis Frédéric Le , Enria Luisa , Abramowitz Sharon , Saez Almudena-Mari , Faye Sylvain Landry B.
Published: September 2019

Community engagement is commonly regarded as a crucial entry point for gaining access and securing trust during humanitarian emergencies. In this article, we present three case studies of community engagement encounters during the West African Ebola outbreak. They represent strategies commonly implemented by the humanitarian response to the epidemic: communication through comités de veille villageois in Guinea, engagement with NGO-affiliated community leadership structures in Liberia and indirect mediation to chiefs in Sierra Leone. These case studies are based on ethnographic fieldwork carried out before, during and after the outbreak by five anthropologists involved in the response to Ebola in diverse capacities. Our goal is to represent and conceptualise the Ebola response as a dynamic interaction between a response apparatus, local populations and intermediaries, with uncertain outcomes that were negotiated over time and in response to changing conditions. Our findings show that community engagement tactics that are based on fixed notions of legitimacy are unable to respond to the fluidity of community response environments during emergencies.
Past Practice into Future Policy
Authors: O’Sullivan Kevin , Ní Chéilleachair Réiseal
Published: September 2019

This article describes the results of a pilot project on using historical reflection as a tool for policy-making in the humanitarian sector. It begins by establishing the rationale for integrating reflection into humanitarian practice. It then looks at the growing interest in humanitarian history among practitioners and academics over the past decade and sets out the arguments for why a more formalised discussion about humanitarianism’s past could result in a better understanding of the contemporary aid environment. The main body of the article focuses on our efforts to translate that potential into practice, through a reflective workshop on Somalia since the 1990s, held at National University of Ireland, Galway, in June 2017. Drawing on our experience of that event, the article puts forward four principles on which a workable model of reflective practice might be developed: the importance of the workshop setting, how to organise the reflective process, the value of pursuing a single case study and the careful management of expectations and outcomes. This article is not intended to be prescriptive, however. Rather, our aim is to put forward some practical suggestions and to open a conversation about how a model of historical reflection for aid practitioners might be developed.
MATLAB software for automated calculation of concentration of different compounds using extracted peak area from HPLC data file in pdf format
Authors: Ng Wenfa
Published: September 2019

Chromatograms represent a class of data difficult to process expeditiously due to the large number of intermediary steps necessary to translate peak detection to a concentration reading of a specific compound. This problem is further exacerbated by the different output file format in which instrument manufacturers present chromatographic data. Steps necessary to convert a detected peak to a concentration reading include identification of compound using retention time, extraction of corresponding peak area, and calculation of concentration of compound by using a calibration curve. This work sought to develop a MATLAB software able to automatically extract peak area from chromatographic readout captured in pdf format and calculate the corresponding concentration values. Given manufacturer-specific formatting features in pdf file, the MATLAB software could only read and handle pdf files of HPLC readouts from Shimadzu’s LabSolutions software. In processing the pdf file of each analyzed sample, entire content of the file was first read as a character string. Subsequently, specific delimiters were used to extract retention time and detected peak area for each compound. This information was subsequently processed to identify specific target compound of interest, where extracted peak area was used to calculate concentration of compound using a calibration plot. Overall, the program generates a database comprising filename, raw retention time and peak area data, as well as concentration values of each target compound in an easy to read format. Finally, to provide ease of access and a permanent file for storage, the program output the above database as an Excel file stored on the hard drive. One important advantage of this software is that it could process multiple pdf files simultaneously and there is no upper limit to the number of pdf files (or samples) that could be processed. Collectively, the MATLAB software capable of automatically extracting peak area and calculating concentration of different compounds would provide significant savings of time in handling large number of pdf files in a typical chromatographic run from a Shimadzu HPLC instrument.
Single-amino acid variants reveal evolutionary processes that shape the biogeography of a global SAR11 subclade
Authors: Delmont Tom O , Kiefl Evan , Kilinc Ozsel , Esen Ozcan C , Uysal Ismail , Rappé Michael S , Giovannoni Steven , Eren A Murat
Published: September 2019

Members of the SAR11 order Pelagibacterales dominate the surface oceans. Their extensive diversity challenges emerging operational boundaries defined for microbial 'species' and complicates efforts of population genetics to study their evolution. Here, we employed single-amino acid variants (SAAVs) to investigate ecological and evolutionary forces that maintain the genomic heterogeneity within ubiquitous SAR11 populations we accessed through metagenomic read recruitment using a single isolate genome. Integrating amino acid and protein biochemistry with metagenomics revealed that systematic purifying selection against deleterious variants governs non-synonymous variation among very closely related populations of SAR11. SAAVs partitioned metagenomes into two main groups matching large-scale oceanic current temperatures, and six finer proteotypes that connect distant oceanic regions. These findings suggest that environmentally-mediated selection plays a critical role in the journey of cosmopolitan surface ocean microbial populations, and the idea ‘everything is everywhere but the environment selects’ has credence even at the finest resolutions.
Hemimetabolous insects elucidate the origin of sexual development via alternative splicing
Authors: Wexler Judith , Delaney Emily Kay , Belles Xavier , Schal Coby , Wada-Katsumata Ayako , Amicucci Matthew J , Kopp Artyom
Published: September 2019

Insects are the only known animals in which sexual differentiation is controlled by sex-specific splicing. The doublesex transcription factor produces distinct male and female isoforms, which are both essential for sex-specific development. dsx splicing depends on transformer, which is also alternatively spliced such that functional Tra is only present in females. This pathway has evolved from an ancestral mechanism where dsx was independent of tra and expressed and required only in males. To reconstruct this transition, we examined three basal, hemimetabolous insect orders: Hemiptera, Phthiraptera, and Blattodea. We show that tra and dsx have distinct functions in these insects, reflecting different stages in the changeover from a transcription-based to a splicing-based mode of sexual differentiation. We propose that the canonical insect tra-dsx pathway evolved via merger between expanding dsx function (from males to both sexes) and narrowing tra function (from a general splicing factor to dedicated regulator of dsx).
Mexico and Uruguay inbound tourism demand
Authors: Mordecki Gabriela , Leiva Ana Cecilia , Puel Nathalie Desplas
Published: September 2019

The main objective of this paper is to estimate the tourism demand for Mexico and Uruguay, two very different countries, but for both of which tourism is an important activity, and mainly originating from a large neighbor. We try to analyze whether the determinants of tourism demand differ depending on the size of the country, or if being a neighboring country is the main determinant. So, we analyze the relationship between the number of American tourists visiting Mexico and Argentinian tourists visiting Uruguay, and the inbound tourists’ income and the bilateral real exchange rate (RER) between the visiting country and the hosting country, following the Johansen’s methodology. We found one cointegration relationship for each country, where the income-elasticity was greater than 2 for American tourists visiting Mexico, and nearly 3 for Argentinian tourists visiting Uruguay. Bilateral RERs were also significant in both models. Moreover, forecasts show the impacts of institutional changes on the tourism sector. The impact of arrival of President Macri to power was positive for Argentinian tourists visiting Uruguay, but President Trump's arrival in the US was negative for American tourists visiting Mexico.
Mixed-method Evaluation of Perceived Approach and Criteria of Employees Retrenchment in Selected Commercial Banks in Southwest, Nigeria
Authors: Inyang Emem Bassey , Williams William Okon
Published: September 2019

Ever since post consolidation era, retrenchment in the Nigerian banking sector is prominent and even alarming. This paper adopted a mixed method technique to evaluate the dimensions of retrenchment approach and criteria used by banks’ employers in determining employees to be retrenched and extent of fairness perceived by the surviving employees. The study was anchored on organizational justice theory. Four banks - two each from the old generation bank and new generation commercial banks in southwest Nigeria were selected for the study. The sample size comprised 256 survivors selected through the triangulation of purposive and simple random sampling techniques, while questionnaire and in-depth interviews (IDIs) were used to gather data. The quantitative data were analyzed using frequency percentage distribution, cross tabulation, and content analysis for qualitative data. Findings revealed the new generation banks - Access and Eco banks and even UBA Plc. among old generation bank adopted reactionary approach, thus retrenching their workers arbitrarily without prior or adequate notice. In retrenching employees, the banks combined many criteria, but the most commonly criterion used to evaluate employees’ productivity was performance appraisal system; for instance, 100% of survivors in NGB and 98.4% in OGB accepted the use of performance appraisal, however 74.2% in NGB perceived the outcomes were subjective and unfair. The study concludes that banks’ management have treated their employees in unfair manners during retrenchment, thus survivors have manifested high level of perceived injustice in the system. It recommended top management to applyfairness during retrenchment and treat survivors in a fairly manner.
ANÁLISE BIBLIOMÉTRICA DA PRODUÇÃO CIENTÍFICA EM CONTABILIDADE APLICADA AO SETOR ELÉTRICO
Authors: Xavier Maiara Pereira , Borges Bárbara Ramos , Reis Lucas Peres dos , Botelho Ducineli Régis
Published: September 2019

O objetivo desta pesquisa é analisar a produção científica internacional, à luz da Lei de Lotka, em contabilidade aplicada ao setor elétrico. Foram examinados os artigos científicos de seis bases de dados no Portal CAPES, de 1925 até 2018. As áreas Contabilidade e Regulação assumiram as primeiras colocações no ranking da amostra estudada, com 44% dos artigos e Roy Billinton foi percebido como o autor mais influente. Destacaram-se Estados Unidos da América, Brasil e China como os países com o maior número de autores com publicações na área. Os periódicos, Energy Policy, o International Journal of Electrical Power & Energy Systems e o The Journal of Land & Public Utility Economics, contribuíram com 18% da produção científica analisada. Não foi evidenciada na pesquisa a aplicabilidade da Lei de Lotka, dado que 92,66% dos autores tiveram apenas uma publicação, contribuindo para a percepção da carência de estudos nessa área de conhecimento.
CICLOS ECONÔMICOS E MERCADO DE CRÉDITO: A ATUAÇÃO DOS BANCOS PÚBLICOS
Authors: Dantas José Alves , Duarte Carolina Soares , Fernandes Bruno Vinícius Ramos
Published: September 2019

O objetivo deste estudo foi verificar se os bancos públicos atuam de forma anticíclica, comparativamente aos bancos privados, em relação à concessão de crédito e ao reconhecimento da Provisão para Créditos de Liquidação Duvidosa (PCLD). Para a realização dos testes empíricos, por meio de modelos com dados em painel, foram utilizadas informações semestrais, de 2000 a 2017, de 118 bancos. Apesar dos sinais dos coeficientes apontarem (i) relação negativa entre a variação da carteira de crédito e o nível de atividade econômica e (ii) associação positiva entre a parcela discricionária da provisão para perdas e o nível de atividade econômica, por parte dos bancos públicos, tais resultados não registraram relevância estatística, não confirmando as hipóteses de que os bancos públicos apresentariam comportamento anticíclico, comparativamente aos bancos privados. Os resultados contribuem para o avanço da literatura sobre o tema, auxiliando na compreensão do comportamento dos bancos públicos, que assumem papel relevante na indústria bancária brasileira.
Outdoor workers’ perceptions of skin cancer risk and attitudes to sun-protective measures: A qualitative study
Authors: Rocholl Marc , Ludewig Michaela , John Swen Malte , Bitzer Eva Maria , Wilke Annika
Published: September 2019

Objectives

Since January 2015, squamous cell carcinoma or multiple actinic keratosis of the skin caused by natural ultraviolet irradiation (UVR) is recognized as occupational disease in Germany. Interventions which improve the sun protection behavior of outdoor workers are urgently needed. When developing preventive interventions, the attitudes of target groups need to be taken into consideration. Therefore, outdoor workers’ perceptions and attitudes were investigated.

Methods

Seven guided, problem-centered qualitative interviews with healthy male outdoor workers were conducted. A qualitative content analysis was used to analyze the data.

Results

We found an underestimation of the perceived skin cancer risk in the seven outdoor workers and heterogeneous attitudes toward the usage of sun-protective measures. Participants stated that the feasibility of technical sun-protective measures depends on the size of the working area. While using a headgear seemed common, none of the participants stated using additional neck protection. Wearing long-sleeved shirts and long trousers were considered problematic. The interviews revealed important requirements for sun-protective clothes, especially in terms of different materials. Although the usage of sunscreen was common, our interviewees seemed to apply it wrongly.

Conclusion

Risk perceptions of outdoor workers and their attitudes toward sun protection measures may influence the factual UV protection behavior in the workplace. Structures to facilitate the implementation of technical and organizational sun-protective measures seem to be necessary. Educational interventions and clear instructions which are tailored to the individual needs and attitudes of outdoor workers are required to improve the UV protection behavior and to avoid common mistakes.
Revealing Hidden UV Instabilities in Organic Solar Cells by Correlating Device and Material Stability
Authors: Classen Andrej , Heumueller Thomas , Wabra Isabell , Gerner Johannes , He Yakun , Einsiedler Lukas , Li Ning , Matt Gebhard J. , Osvet Andres , Du Xiaoyan , Hirsch Andreas , Brabec Christoph J.
Published: September 2019

With state‐of‐the‐art organic solar cells (OSCs) surpassing 16% efficiency, stability becomes critical for commercialization. In this work, the power of using photoluminescence (PL) measurements on plain films is demonstrated, as well as high‐performance liquid chromatography analysis to reveal the origin of UV instabilities in OSCs based on the most commonly used acceptors PC70BM ([6,6]‐phenyl‐C71‐butyric acid methyl ester), ITIC (3,9‐bis(2‐methylene‐(3‐(1,1‐dicyanomethylene)‐indanone))‐5,5,11,11‐tetrakis(4‐hexylphenyl)‐dithieno[2,3‐d:2′,3′‐d′]‐s‐indaceno[1,2‐b:5,6‐b′]dithiophene), and o‐IDTBR (indacenodithiophene‐based non‐fullerene acceptor). The UV dependent stability tests reveal instabilities in solar cells based on PC70BM and ITIC while devices based on o‐IDTBR are highly stable even under UV illumination. The analysis of solar cell devices based on charge extraction and sub‐bandgap external quantum efficiency only shows the UV‐dependent emergence of traps, while PL spectra of plain films on glass allows the disentanglement and identification of individual instabilities in multi‐component bulk‐heterojunction devices. In particular, the PL analysis demonstrates UV instabilities of PC70BM and ITIC toward the processing additive 1,8 diiodooctane (DIO). The chemical analysis reveals the in‐depth mechanism, by providing direct proof of photochemical reactions of PC70BM and ITIC with UV‐induced radicals of DIO. Based on this scientific understanding, it is shown how to stabilize PBQ‐QF:PC70BM devices.
Kompetenz‐Compétence: What the World Thinks about Arbitrability
Authors: Samuel Adam
Published: September 2019

The modern pace of legal practice and the gradual assimilation of arbitration into litigation has led to many losses. One of the most notable concerns diminished levels of knowledge about the past.
Making It Final: The Elements of a Tribunal's Award
Authors: Singer David C. , Hanson Christina G.
Published: September 2019

Last month, the authors looked at different types of arbitration awards, including partial final, interim, or consent awards, as provided for in party agreements, arbitration provider rules, or applicable law. In this month's Part 2, they examine final awards.
An optimal switching approach toward cost‐effective control of a stand‐alone photovoltaic panel system under stochastic environment
Authors: Yoshioka Hidekazu , Li Zhi , Yano Akira
Published: September 2019

The operation of a stand‐alone photovoltaic (PV) system ultimately aims for the optimization of its energy storage. We present a mathematical model for cost‐effective control of a stand‐alone system based on a PV panel equipped with an angle adjustment device. The model is based on viscosity solutions to partial differential equations, which serve as a new and mathematically rigorous tool for modeling, analyzing, and controlling PV systems. We formulate a stochastic optimal switching problem of the panel angle, which is here a binary variable to be dynamically controlled under stochastic weather condition. The stochasticity comes from cloud cover dynamics, which is modeled with a nonlinear stochastic differential equation. In finding the optimal control policy of the panel angle, switching the angle is subject to impulsive cost and reduces to solving a system of Hamilton‐Jacobi‐Bellman quasi‐variational inequalities (HJBQVIs). We show that the stochastic differential equation is well posed and that the HJBQVIs admit a unique viscosity solution. In addition, a finite‐difference scheme is proposed for the numerical discretization of HJBQVIs. A demonstrative computational example of the HJBQVIs, with emphasis on a stand‐alone experimental system, is finally presented with practical implications for its cost‐effective operation.
Optimizing the fold stability of the circularly permuted Trp‐cage motif
Authors: Graham Katherine A. , Byrne Aimee , Mason Micheal , Andersen Niels H.
Published: September 2019

Through optimization of the linker region and key stabilizing mutations, it has been possible to improve the stability of the circularly permuted (cp) Trp‐cage miniprotein. However, even the most stable Trp‐cage circular permutants are still less stable than the analogous standard topology (std) Trp‐cages. Extending mutational studies of Trp‐cage fold stability to cp‐species, including analogs lacking chain terminal charges, has uncovered and quantitated some additional stabilizing and destabilizing interactions. Upon protonation, the circular permutants are destabilized to a much greater extent than the standard topology series. End effects, particularly Coulombic interactions, appear to be more important for the cp‐series while the Y10/P4 interaction in the cp‐series is not as significant a stabilizing feature as the corresponding Y3/P19 in the standard topology series.
Generation of Streptomyces hygroscopicus cell factories with enhanced ascomycin production by combined elicitation and pathway‐engineering strategies
Authors: Wang Cheng , Wang Junhua , Yuan Jian , Jiang Lingyan , Jiang Xiaolong , Yang Bin , Zhao Guang , Liu Bin , Huang Di
Published: September 2019

Ascomycin (FK520) is a macrocyclic antibiotic that also exhibits antifungal and immunosuppressive activity. However, its relatively low titer and yield have hampered commercial application. Here, we have successfully constructed an efficient ascomycin‐producing strain of Streptomyces hygroscopicus with high titer and yield, using a novel combinatorial engineering approach based on the identification of targets involved in both metabolic and transcriptional regulation. First, we investigated the effects of different chemicals on ascomycin accumulation and found that dimethyl sulfoxide best stimulated ascomycin overproduction. We next compared intracellular metabolic and transcriptional profiles after dimethyl sulfoxide and control treatments and identified potential target genes (zwf and aroA, involved in metabolic precursor pathways; and luxR, iclR, fadR, and fkbN, involved in transcriptional regulation). These candidate genes were then engineered to produce strains with individual and combinatorial overexpression. Combined overexpression of aroA, fkbN, and luxR resulted in the highest yield of ascomycin (1258.30 ± 33.49 mg/L), 4.12‐fold higher than the control yield (305.60 ± 16.90 mg/L). This integrative multilevel approach identified novel determinants involved in both metabolic and transcriptional regulation, resulting in the diversion of carbon flux towards ascomycin accumulation. This approach could be applied to boost the production of a variety of useful bacterial metabolites.
Effect of Surface Modification on Thermal Stability, Flexural Properties, and Impact Strength of Epoxy/Graphene Nanocomposites
Authors: Jin Fan‐Long , Ma Chun‐Liu , Guo Bao‐Tian , Park Soo‐Jin
Published: September 2019

The surface of graphene (GE) was modified with a silane coupling agent, and its surface characteristics were investigated. Epoxy resin/GE nanocomposites were prepared via solution blending. The effect of the GE content on the thermal stability, flexural properties, impact strength, and morphology of the nanocomposites was studied. The thermal stability of the epoxy resin increased with the addition of pristine GE and surface‐modified GE. The flexural strength, elastic modulus, and impact strength of the nanocomposites with surface‐modified GE increased significantly with increasing GE content. Scanning electron microscopy images of the nanocomposites with surface‐modified GE show a ductile deformation morphology, which is consistent with their high impact strength.
New 2‐Oxoimidazolidine Derivatives: Design, Synthesis and Evaluation of Anti‐BK Virus Activities in Vitro
Authors: Kornii Yurii , Chumachenko Svitlana , Shablykin Oleg , Prichard Mark N. , James Scott H. , Hartline Caroll , Zhirnov Victor , Brovarets Volodymyr
Published: September 2019

A series of novel 2‐oxoimidazolidine derivatives were synthesized and their antiviral activities against BK human polyomavirus type 1 (BKPyV) were evaluated in vitro. Bioassays showed that the synthesized compounds 1‐{[(4E)‐5‐(dichloromethylidene)‐2‐oxoimidazolidin‐4‐ylidene]sulfamoyl}piperidine‐4‐carboxylic acid (5) and N‐Cyclobutyl‐N′‐[(4E)‐5‐(dichloromethylidene)‐2‐oxoimidazolidin‐4‐ylidene]sulfuric diamide (4) exhibited moderate activities against BKPyV (EC50=5.4 and 5.5 μm, respectively) that are comparable to the standard drug Cidofovir. Compound 5 exhibited the same cytotoxicity in HFF cells and selectivity index (SI50) as Cidofovir. The selectivity index of compound 4 is three times less than that of Cidofovir due to the higher toxicity of this compound. Hence, these compounds may be taken as lead compound for further development of novel ant‐BKPyV agents.