bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Renewable synthesis of novel acrylates from biomass‐derived 5‐substituted‐2‐furaldehydes by Morita‐Baylis‐Hillman reaction
Authors: Anchan Harshitha N. , Dutta Saikat
Published: April 2023

Biomass‐derived furfurals are becoming increasingly popular as renewable chemical building blocks for synthesizing specialty chemicals. Morita‐Baylis‐Hillman (MBH) reaction is a classic carbon‐carbon bond‐forming transformation between the α‐position of an activated alkene and a carbon electrophile (e. g., aldehyde) using a nucleophilic catalyst, such as a tertiary amine or phosphine. The MBH reaction is highly atom economical, affords excellent yields of adducts under mild reaction conditions, introduces substantial molecular complexity, and enjoys broad substrate scope. In this work, several novel MBH adducts have been synthesized starting from biomass‐derived 5‐substituted‐2‐furaldehydes and acrylates using 1,4‐diazabicyclo[2.2.2]octane (DABCO) as the organocatalyst. This work reports the first systematic study of the MBH reaction of 5‐substituted‐2‐furaldehydes and acrylates. A general synthetic protocol for the high‐yielding synthesis of MBH adducts has been developed. The reactions were performed at room temperature under solvent‐free conditions, and the spectroscopically pure products were produced in good to excellent isolated yields. Moreover, DABCO was recovered from the reaction mixture and successfully recycled.
Total Synthesis of Okaspirodiol
Authors: Madasu Madhu , Mohapatra Debendra K.
Published: April 2023

The asymmetric total synthesis of okaspirodiol was achieved following Sharpless asymmetric epoxidation, Gilman reaction, Wittig reaction, Horner–Wadsworth–Emmons olefination, and coupling of alkyne with the aldehyde, and acid‐catalyzed spiroketalization as key reactions.
Bis 1, 2, 3‐ Triazoles Linked Deoxybenzoin Hybrids as Antimicrobial Agents: Synthesis, In Vitro and In Silico Screening
Authors: Aitha Shalini , Thumma Vishnu , Ambala Shankaraiah , Matta Raghavender , Panga Shyam , Pochampally Jalapathi
Published: April 2023

A series of new deoxybenzoin based bis 1,2,3‐triazole analogues were synthesized and reported in the present communication. Synthesis of analogues were accomplished by a convenient 3 step protocol incorporating Friedel craft acetylation, propargylation and copper‐catalyzed click chemistry in final step to afford 1,2,3‐triazole moiety. The title compounds were screened for antimicrobial activity against two gram positive bacteria viz. S. aureus, B. cereus and two gram negative bacteria viz. E. coli, P. aeruginosa, and three fungus viz. C. albicans, A. niger, A. flavus strains. Compound containing 4‐fluoro substitution (7a) showed slightly superior in‐vitro antimicrobial activity than reference drugs Ciprofloxacin and Fluconazole. SAR of developed hybrids with reference to antimicrobial activity was predicted and presented. In‐silico bioactivity is investigated by molecular docking studies against the crystal structures of glucosamine‐6‐phospate synthase (PDB ID: 2VF5) and secreted aspartic proteinase (PDB ID: 2QZW) which endorsed good binding interactions.
Anti‐proliferative and Apoptotic Effects of Coordination Compounds of Zinc(II), Palladium(II), and Platinum(II) with Tridentate 4‐(6‐hydroxyphenyl)‐2,6‐di(thiazol‐2‐yl)pyridine
Authors: Pekdemir Fatih , Sengul Abdurrahman , Akgun Oguzhan , Ari Ferda , Acar‐Selcuki Nursel
Published: April 2023

The mononuclear coordination compounds, [Zn(L)Cl2] (1), [Pd(L)Cl]Cl (2), and [Pt(L)Cl]Cl (3) (L) is a tridentate‐coordinated of 4‐(6‐hydroxyphenyl)‐2,6‐di(thiazol‐2‐yl)pyridine) were synthesized and characterized by different spectroscopic methods (FTIR, MALDI‐TOF‐MS, 1H NMR, 13C NMR, and UV/Vis). By using density functional theory (DFT) and time‐dependent DFT (TD‐DFT) methods, the geometrical parameters, UV/Vis absorption spectra, and infrared vibrational frequencies for the investigated compounds were explored. Anticancer activities of these compounds were determined by SRB viability assay in human lung (A549 and H1299), prostate (LNCAP), colorectal (HT‐29), breast cancer (MDA‐MB‐231) and healthy bronchial (BEAS‐2B), breast (MCF‐10A), colon (CCD‐18Co), and prostate (WPMY‐1) epithelial cells. Caspase 3/7 activity, cleaved cytokeratin‐18, and PARP levels were measured to determine apoptosis in the metal compounds found to be effective. Among the compounds, 1 showed a selective inhibiting effect and induced apoptosis on the cancer cells, thus further analyses are needed to evaluate its antitumor/anticancer activity.
Chemically Amplified Multiplex Detection of SARS‐CoV‐2 and Influenza A and B Viruses via Paint‐Programmed Lateral Flow Assays
Authors: Lee Dohwan , Ozkaya‐Ahmadov Tevhide , Sarioglu A. Fatih
Published: April 2023

Severe acute respiratory syndrome‐coronavirus 2 (SARS‐CoV‐2) continues to threaten lives by evolving into new variants with greater transmissibility. Although lateral flow assays (LFAs) are widely used to self‐test for coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID‐19), these tests suffer from low sensitivity leading to a high rate of false negative results. In this work, a multiplexed lateral flow assay is reported for the detection of SARS‐CoV‐2 and influenza A and B viruses in human saliva with a built‐in chemical amplification of the colorimetric signal for enhanced sensitivity. To automate the amplification process, the paper‐based device is integrated with an imprinted flow controller, which coordinates the routing of different reagents and ensures their sequential and timely delivery to run an optimal amplification reaction. Using the assay, SARS‐CoV‐2 and influenza A and B viruses can be detected with ≈25x higher sensitivity than commercial LFAs, and the device can detect SARS‐CoV‐2‐positive patient saliva samples missed by commercial LFAs. The technology provides an effective and practical solution to enhance the performance of conventional LFAs and will enable sensitive self‐testing to prevent virus transmission and future outbreaks of new variants.
Multistage SrBaTiO3/PDMS Composite Film‐Based Hybrid Nanogenerator for Efficient Floor Energy Harvesting Applications
Authors: Paranjape Mandar Vasant , Graham Sontyana Adonijah , Manchi Punnarao , Kurakula Anand , Yu Jae Su
Published: April 2023

Triboelectric nanogenerators are an emerging energy‐scavenging technology that can harvest kinetic energy from various mechanical moments into electricity. The energy generated while humans walk is the most commonly available biomechanical energy. Herein, a multistage consecutively‐connected hybrid nanogenerator (HNG) is fabricated and combined with a flooring system (MCHCFS) to efficiently harvest mechanical energy while humans walk. Initially, the electrical output performance of the HNG is optimized by fabricating a prototype device using various strontium‐doped barium titanate (Ba1‐xSrxTiO3, BST) microparticles loaded polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) composite films. The BST/PDMS composite film acts as a negative triboelectric layer that operates against aluminum. Single HNG operated in contact‐separation mode could generate an electrical output of ≈280 V, ≈8.5 µA, and ≈90 µC m−2. The stability and robustness of the fabricated HNG are confirmed and eight similar HNGs are assembled in a 3D‐printed MCHCFS. The MCHCFS is specifically designed to distribute applied force on the single HNG to four nearby HNGs. The MCHCFS can be implemented in real‐life floors with an enlarged surface area to harvest energy generated while humans walk into direct current electrical output. The MCHCFS is demonstrated as a touch sensor that can be utilized in sustainable path lighting to save enormous electricity waste.
Permanent Anticoagulation Blood‐Vessel by Mezzo‐Sized Double Re‐Entrant Structure
Authors: Seo Dongkwon , Cho Yang Hyun , Kim Gijung , Shin Hyunku , Lee Su Kyoung , Kim Ji Eon , Chun Honggu , Jung Jae Seung , Choi Yeonho
Published: April 2023

Having a permanent omniphobicity on the inner surface of the tube can bring enormous advantages, such as reducing resistance and avoiding precipitation during mass transfer. For example, such a tube can prevent blood clotting when delivering blood composed of complex hydrophilic and lipophilic compounds. However, it is very challenging to fabricate micro and nanostructures inside a tube. To overcome these, a wearability and deformation‐free structural omniphobic surface is fabricated. The omniphobic surface can repel liquids by its “air‐spring” under the structure, regardless of surface tension. Furthermore, it is not lost an omniphobicity under physical deformation like curved or twisted. By using these properties, omniphobic structures on the inner wall of the tube by the “roll‐up” method are fabricated. Fabricated omniphobic tubes still repels liquids, even complex liquids like blood. According to the ex vivo blood tests for medical usage, the tube can reduce thrombus formation by 99%, like the heparin‐coated tube. So, the surface will soon replace typical coating‐based medical surfaces or anticoagulation blood vessels.
Microenvironment Engineering to Promote Selective Ammonia Electrosynthesis from Nitrate over a PdCu Hollow Catalyst
Authors: Min Xiaowen , Liu Ben
Published: April 2023

The electrosynthesis of recyclable ammonia (NH3) from nitrate under ambient conditions is of great importance but still full of challenges for practical application. Herein, an efficient catalyst design strategy is developed that can engineer the surface microenvironment of a PdCu hollow (PdCu‐H) catalyst to confine the intermediates and thus promote selective NH3electrosynthesis from nitrate. The hollow nanoparticles are synthesized by in situ reduction and nucleation of PdCu nanocrystals along a self‐assembled micelle of a well‐designed surfactant. The PdCu‐H catalyst shows a structure‐dependent selectivity toward the NH3product during the nitrate reduction reaction (NO3−RR) electrocatalysis, enabling a high NH3Faradaic efficiency of 87.3% and a remarkable NH3yield rate of 0.551 mmol h−1mg−1at ‐0.30 V (vs reversible hydrogen electrode). Moreover, this PdCu‐H catalyst delivers high electrochemical performance in the rechargeable zinc‐NO3−battery. These results provide a promising design strategy to tune catalytic selectivity for efficient electrosynthesis of renewable NH3and feedstocks.
Designing N‐Confused Metalloporphyrin‐Based Covalent Organic Frameworks for Enhanced Electrocatalytic Carbon Dioxide Reduction
Authors: Ren Zhixin , Zhao Bo , Xie Jing
Published: April 2023

Electrochemical conversion of carbon dioxide (CO2) into value‐added products is promising to alleviate greenhouse gas emission and energy demands. Metalloporphyrin‐based covalent organic frameworks (MN4‐Por‐COFs) provide a platform for rational design of electrocatalyst for CO2 reduction reaction (CO2RR). Herein, through systematic quantum‐chemical studies, the N‐confused metallo‐Por‐COFs are reported as novel catalysts for CO2RR. For MN4‐Por‐COFs, among the ten 3d metals, M = Co/Cr stands out in catalyzing CO2RR to CO or HCOOH; hence, N‐confused Por‐COFs with Co/CrN3C1 and Co/CrN2C2 centers are designed. Calculations indicate CoNxCy‐Por‐COFs exhibit lower limiting potential (−0.76 and ‐0.60 V) for CO2‐to‐CO reduction than its parent CoN4‐Por‐COFs (−0.89 V) and make it feasible to yield deep‐reduction degree C1 products CH3OH and CH4. Electronic structure analysis reveals that substituting CoN4 to CoN3C1/CoN2C2 increases the electron density on Co‐atom and raises the d‐band center, thus stabilizing the key intermediates of the potential determining step and lowering the limiting potential. For similar reason, changing the core from CrN4 to CrN3C1/CrN2C2 lowers the limiting potential for CO2‐to‐HCOOH reduction. This work predicts N‐confused Co/CrNxCy‐Por‐COFs to be high‐performance CO2RR catalyst candidates. Inspiringly, as a proof‐of‐concept study, it provides an alternative strategy for coordination regulation and theoretical guidelines for rational design of catalysts.
Cracked Film Lithography with CuGaOx Buffers for Bifacial CdTe Photovoltaics
Authors: Muzzillo Christopher P. , Reese Matthew O. , Lee Chungho , Xiong Gang
Published: April 2023

Bifacial CdTe solar cells with greater power density than the monofacial baselines are demonstrated by using a CuGaOx rear interface buffer that passivates while reducing sheet resistance and contact resistance. Inserting CuGaOx between the CdTe and Au increases mean power density from 18.0 ± 0.5 to 19.8 ± 0.4 mW cm−2 for one sun front illumination. However, coupling CuGaOx with a transparent conductive oxide leads to an electrical barrier. Instead, CuGaOx is integrated with cracked film lithography (CFL)‐patterned metal grids. CFL grid wires are spaced narrowly enough (≈10 µm) to alleviate semiconductor resistance while retaining enough passivation and transmittance for a bifacial power gain: bifacial CuGaOx/CFL grids generate 19.1 ± 0.6 mW cm−2 for 1 sun front + 0.08 sun rear illumination and 20.0 ± 0.6 mW cm−2 at 1 sun front + 0.52 sun rear—the highest reported power density at field albedo conditions for a scaled polycrystalline absorber.
Fiktion, Literatur und die Verletzung von Persönlichkeitsrechten
Authors: Gittel Benjamin , Köppe Tilmann
Published: April 2023

Dieser Beitrag beschäftigt sich mit zwei literaturwissenschaftlichen Sachfragen, die bei juristischen Auseinandersetzungen um literarische Werke relevant sein können. Wir analysieren (1) Beziehungen zwischen der Fiktionalität eines literarischen Textes und dessen Potential zur Verletzung von Persönlichkeitsrechten sowie (2) zwischen Literatur/literarischen Kunstwerken und der Verletzung von Persönlichkeitsrechten. Zugrunde legen wir dabei Auffassungen, die aus dem Urteil des Bundesverfassungsgerichts zu Maxim Billers RomanEsraaus dem Jahre 2007, das inzwischen normierende Bedeutung für die Kunstfreiheit in Deutschland erlangte, hervorgehen. Unsere Überlegungen zeigen, dass die Zusammenhänge zwischen den oben genannten Relata weniger eng sind, als in dem Urteil an verschiedenen Stellen suggeriert wird.
A Sunlight Duration Time Driven Multi-objective Optimization Method for the Layout of High-Rise Residential Quarters Based on NSGA2 Algorithm
Authors: Zhang Ze , Wu Zhengwang
Published: April 2023

Extending sunlight duration time by optimizing the layout of the high-rise residential quarters during the early design stage is one of the most effective approaches to reducing carbon emissions. This paper proposes a multi-objective optimization method for high-rise residential quarter layout based on the NSGA2 algorithm. The method is aimed to maximize the first floor’s sunlight duration time and its uniformity both. A simulated plot in Xiamen is taken as an example for multi-objective optimization. After the optimization, the layouts are analyzed and the better one is selected. The results show that the proposed method can achieve higher overall sunlight duration and its uniformity rate and maximize floor area ratio in the early design phase. However, the proposed method has its drawbacks. This method requires the pre-design of the building plan. The algorithm generates a lot of invalid solutions during the optimization. The optimization time increases dramatically with the quantity increase of input parameters. According to the above, there is still room for improvement in the proposed method.
Embedding Design Intent into Performance-Based Architectural Design—Case Study of Applying Soft Constraints to Design Optimization
Authors: Yang DongLai , Wang Likai , Guohua Ji
Published: April 2023

The lack of consideration of subjective design intents hinders the application of performance-based design optimization to architectural design because building performance is not the only aspect that designers need to solve. In response, this study proposes a method integrating subjective design intents into performance-based design optimization using soft constraints. To demonstrate the method, a case study is presented, where the design optimization continuously provides feedback to the designer and helps them reformulate and redefine the design problem. The case study shows how the application of design optimization and soft constraints is able to assist designers in identifying implicit and hidden design problems and stimulate design exploration at the early design stage.
Research on Architectural Generation Design of Specific Architect's Sketch Based on Image-To-Image Translation
Authors: Li Yuqian , Xu Weiguo , Liu Xingchen
Published: April 2023

Sketch is a way for architects to communicate with others. Architects record their own ideas through rapid drawing. However, sketches are abstract, vague, and even ambiguous. To this end, architects need to spend a lot of time, through modeling and other means, to present the architectural plan that can be understood by people. However, this method is time-consuming and laborious. Due to the development of deep learning technology, especially convolutional neural networks (CNN) and generative adversarial networks (GAN), they have shown great advantages in the field of image recognition and generation. With the help of these technologies, ambiguous architectural sketches can be directly transformed into architectural scheme drawings, and architects’ creative intentions can be continuously improved and developed, It will be very convenient and efficient. Therefore, based on the image-to-image translation, this paper realizes the mapping from architectural sketches to architectural scheme drawings with the help of CycleGAN. Through the analysis of the architectural generation design results of Frank Gehry's and Alberto Campo Baeza's architectural sketches, firstly, the feasibility of this method is verified. Secondly, it is found that this method can well complete the identification of sketch boundaries. In the generated scheme drawings, it can not only reflect the volume and lighting changes of the building, but also reflect the architect's creative intention and style to a large extent, The side reflects the cognitive ability of this method to architectural design.
Predicting the Vitality of Stores Along the Street Based on Business Type Sequence via Recurrent Neural Network
Authors: Liu Zidong , Li Yan , Xiao Xiao
Published: April 2023

The rational planning of store types and locations to maximize street vitality is essential in real estate planning. Traditional business planning relies heavily on the subjective experience of developers. Currently, developers have access to low-resolution urban data to support their decision making, and researchers have done much image-based machine learning research from the scale of urban texture. However, there is still a lack of research on the functional layout with shop-level accuracy. This paper uses a sequence-based neural network (RNN) to explore the relationship between the sequence of store types along a street and its commercial vitality. Currently, the use of RNNs in the architectural and urban fields is very rare. We use customer review data of 80streets from O2O platforms to represent the store vitality degree. In the machine learning model, the input is the sequence of store types on the street, and the output is the corresponding sequence of business vitality indexes. After training and evaluation, the model was shown to have acceptable accuracy. We further combined this evaluation model with a genetic algorithm to develop a business planning optimization tool to maximize the overall street business value, thus guiding real estate business planning at a high resolution.
Parametric Skin Design Method Based on Plane Crystallographic Group Operation Principle
Authors: Zhang Hao , Wang Yuetao , Tan Yuhan , Zhao Jilong
Published: April 2023

Under the dual constraints of industrialization and digitalization, the building skin and structure are further integrated to form standardized units to meet the requirements of architectural performance, industrial prefabrication and “complexity” aesthetic characteristics. The complex and diverse forms of today's building skin hide profound mathematical logic relations and operation rules of form generation. Crystallographic group with regular symmetry and the operation principles reflected by it is one of the most important rules and methods of form and pattern processing in skin design. The study of the mural symbols in ancient Egypt, the murals in the Alhambra, the manuscripts of Escher and the window lattice in ancient Chinese architecture profoundly reflects the basic operation principle of crystal group in shaping the skin form of architecture. Abundant and diverse architectural skin forms can be formed through the operation of symmetry group on basic graphic units. On the basis of clarifying the basic principle of crystal group action, the operation matrix of crystallographic symmetry group can be transformed into parameterized operation steps through programming language for visual operation, and then the skin form with high complexity and leap dimension can be generated by geometric algorithm, and the design method of building skin generation based on crystallographic group is constructed. In the selection of operation form, combined with the calculation of building performance and structure, the construction skin can be used in practical engineering is generated. Based on crystallographic group operation, the unifications of building skin and the classification simplification of components can meet the requirements of modular and unifications design in the process of building industrialization, and meet the requirements of current building industrialization and digitization. It has great research significance and value in the aspects of design and construction efficiency and material economic cost.
Study on Optimization of Building Climate Adaptive Morphology in Cold Regions of China: Case of U-Shaped College Building
Authors: Chen Ping , Liu Chang , Chiu Hsin-Hsien
Published: April 2023

Proper design of building form will facilitate the use of climate environment in order to reduce the reliance of buildings on active equipment. This study takes the cold region of China as the research area, and Jinan city of Shandong province as a typical city in the cold region for specific research. The multi-objective optimization tool based on NSGA-II algorithm is used to optimize the opening angle, length of both sides and floor height of the building, and finally the optimal size range of the university teaching building under the influence of solar radiation heat gain in winter and summer is obtained, and the results show that for the U-shaped university teaching building, the parameters that affect the building performance more in the case of the east side opening are the length of the north side building and the rotation angle of the south side building, and the parameters that affect the performance more in the case of the west side opening are the length of the building on the south side.
A Slime Mold System Driven by Skeletonization Errors
Authors: Xie Y. , Lian J. , Zhou Y.
Published: April 2023

This paper proposed a new way to generate slime mold patterns using a typical voronoi-based skeletonization method. As a recursive system, it redraws and expands the resulting trails of skeletonization and feeds them back as an image source for skeletonization. Through iterations, it utilizes the difference before and after skeletonization to generate slime-mold-like patterns. During the whole process, we tested different growth types with different parameter settings and environmental conditions. Since most researches on skeletonization focus on minimizing errors, on the opposite side this method utilizes errors of skeletonisation (e.g. subtracted skeletons at “branch” areas of the bitmap are different from the original brush trails or the best result we expect) as the basis of the generative process. The redraw process makes it possible to reconnect skeletons via intersected brushes, continuously changing the topology of the network. Unlike the traditional slime mold algorithm which operates on every single agent, our method is driven by image-based solutions. On the output side, this system provides a condensed vector result, which is more applicable for design purposes.
Levelling Calibration and Intelligent Real-Time Monitoring of the Assembly Process of a DfD-Based Prefabricated Structure Using a Motion Capture System
Authors: Wang Xiang , Li Yang , Zhou Ziqi , Lv Xueyuan , Yuan Philip F. , Chen Lei
Published: April 2023

Conventional measuring techniques and equipment such as the level and total-station are commonly used in on-site construction to measure the position of building elements. However, a motion capture system can measure the dynamic 3D movements of markers attached to any target structure with high accuracy and high sampling rate. Considering the characteristics of prefabricated structures that is composed by lot of discrete building elements, advanced requirements for the on-site assembly monitoring is required. This paper introduces an innovative real-time monitoring technique for the DfD-based (Design for Disassembly) structure with the application of motion capture system and other hardware in an IoT-based BIM system. The design and construction method of the structure system, on-site setup of monitoring system and hardware, data acquisition and analysis method, calibration algorithm as well as the BIM system are further illustrated in the paper. The proposed method is finally applied in a real building project that is composed by thousand discrete building elements and covers a large area of 50*25 m. As demonstrator, such monitoring system is applied in the real construction of a DfD-based prefabricated steel structure in the “Water Cube” (Chinese National Aquatics Centre) in Beijing. The building process is successfully recorded and displayed on-site with the digital twin model in the BIM system. The construction states of the building elements are gathered with different kind of IoT techniques such as the RfID chips and QR-Codes. With the demand to control the flatness tolerance within 6 mm (within a 25*50 m area), a large area monitoring system was applied in the project and finally reduced the construction time within 20 days. The final tolerance is verified and further discussed2.
Study of the b → dℓℓ transitions in the Standard Model and test of New Physics sensitivities
Authors: Biswas Aritra , Nandi Soumitra , Patra Sunando Kumar , Ray Ipsita
Published: April 2023

Abstract

After incorporating all the available experimental data and the most up-to-date Lattice and light cone sum rule (LCSR) inputs on the form factors, we analyze the exclusive b → uℓνℓ and b → dℓℓ decays simultaneously. We have extracted the shapes of all the associated form factors using which we have provided predictions in the standard model for the branching ratios, direct CP asymmetries and isospin asymmetry for B → πℓℓ and various angular observables for B → ρℓℓ transitions. Also, we have tested the sensitivities of these observables towards physics beyond the standard model (BSM). For the B → ρℓℓ decays, we have defined tagged and untagged observables and predicted them in the SM and BSM. In the context of BSM, we have found some compelling information. The respective predictions in a few benchmark scenarios are given, which can be tested in the experiments at the LHCb and the Belle.
NNLO B-fragmentation fits and their application to $$ t\overline{t} $$ production and decay at the LHC
Authors: Czakon Michał , Generet Terry , Mitov Alexander , Poncelet Rene
Published: April 2023

Abstract

In this work we derive three sets of non-perturbative fragmentation functions, with uncertainties, for B-hadrons, J/ψ’s and muons resulting from semileptonic B decays. All three sets are with next-to-next-to leading order accuracy and include next-to-next-to leading logarithmic soft gluon resummation. The novel feature of these new sets is that they are fully consistent with our formalism for next-to-next-to leading order (NNLO) calculations for final states with identified B, J/ψ or a μ. We employ the fragmentation functions derived in this work to make state of the art predictions for such final states in $$ t\overline{t} $$
t

t
¯

events at the LHC. A special emphasis is placed on observables sensitive to the top quark mass. The present work opens the door for many LHC applications, like, open B production or B production in association with bosons.
All-order celestial OPE in the MHV sector
Authors: Adamo Tim , Bu Wei , Casali Eduardo , Sharma Atul
Published: April 2023

Abstract

On-shell kinematics for gluon scattering can be parametrized with points on the celestial sphere; in the limit where these points collide, it is known that tree-level gluon scattering amplitudes exhibit an operator product expansion (OPE)-like structure. While it is possible to obtain singular contributions to this celestial OPE, getting regular contributions from both holomorphic and anti-holomorphic sectors is more difficult. In this paper, we use twistor string theory to describe the maximal helicity violating (MHV) sector of tree-level, four-dimensional gluon scattering as an effective 2d conformal field theory on the celestial sphere. By organizing the OPE between vertex operators in this theory in terms of soft gluon descendants, we obtain all-order expressions for the celestial OPE which include all regular contributions in the collinear expansion. This gives new, all-order formulae for the collinear splitting function (in momentum space) and celestial OPE coefficients (in the conformal primary basis) of tree-level MHV gluon scattering. We obtain these results for both positive and negative helicity gluons, and for any incoming/outgoing kinematic configuration within the MHV sector.
Receptor clustering by a precise set of extracellular galectins initiates FGFR signaling
Authors: Zukowska Dominika , Gedaj Aleksandra , Porebska Natalia , Pozniak Marta , Krzyscik Mateusz , Czyrek Aleksandra , Krowarsch Daniel , Zakrzewska Malgorzata , Otlewski Jacek , Opalinski Lukasz
Published: April 2023

FGF/FGFR signaling is critical for the development and homeostasis of the human body and imbalanced FGF/FGFR contributes to the progression of severe diseases, including cancers. FGFRs are N-glycosylated, but the role of these modifications is largely unknown. Galectins are extracellular carbohydrate-binding proteins implicated in a plethora of processes in heathy and malignant cells. Here, we identified a precise set of galectins (galectin-1, -3, -7, and -8) that directly interact with N-glycans of FGFRs. We demonstrated that galectins bind N-glycan chains of the membrane-proximal D3 domain of FGFR1 and trigger differential clustering of FGFR1, resulting in activation of the receptor and initiation of downstream signaling cascades. Using engineered galectins with controlled valency, we provide evidence that N-glycosylation-dependent clustering of FGFR1 constitutes a mechanism for FGFR1 stimulation by galectins. We revealed that the consequences of galectin/FGFR signaling for cell physiology are markedly different from the effects induced by canonical FGF/FGFR units, with galectin/FGFR signaling affecting cell viability and metabolic activity. Furthermore, we showed that galectins are capable of activating an FGFR pool inaccessible for FGF1, enhancing the amplitude of transduced signals. Summarizing, our data identify a novel mechanism of FGFR activation, in which the information stored in the N-glycans of FGFRs provides previously unanticipated information about FGFRs’ spatial distribution, which is differentially deciphered by distinct multivalent galectins, affecting signal transmission and cell fate.
The regulation of artificial intelligence
Authors: Finocchiaro Giusella
Published: April 2023

Before embarking on a discussion of the regulation of artificial intelligence (AI), it is first necessary to define the subject matter regulated. Defining artificial intelligence is a difficult endeavour, and many definitions have been proposed over the years. Although more than 70 years have passed since it was adopted, the most convincing definition is still nonetheless that proposed by Turing; in any case, it is important to be mindful of the risk of anthropomorphising artificial intelligence, which may arise in particular from its very definition. Once we have established the subject matter regulated, we must ask ourselves whether lawmakers should pursue an approach that seeks to regulate artificial intelligence as a whole, or whether by contrast they should regulate applications of artificial intelligence in specific sectors or individual areas. The proposal for a regulation on artificial intelligence published on 21 April 2021 implements the former approach whilst also pursuing geopolitical goals. After providing an initial overview of the notion of artificial intelligence, this article investigates the geopolitical context to the proposal for a regulation, and then goes on to illustrate the regulatory model embraced by the proposal as well as related critical aspects.
Effect of Vadasz term on the onset of convection in a Darcy–Brinkman anisotropic rotating porous medium in LTNE
Authors: Capone Florinda , Gianfrani Jacopo A.
Published: April 2023

In the present paper, the effect of the Vadasz inertia term on the onset of convective motions for a Darcy–Brinkman model is investigated. It is proved that this term leads to the possibility for oscillatory convection to occur. Hence, convection can occur via either oscillatory or steady motions. It is proved analytically that the onset of steady convection is not affected by the Vadasz term, while oscillatory convection is favoured by it. Moreover, conditions to rule out the occurrence of oscillatory convection are determined numerically. The influence of rotation, interaction coefficient and mechanical and thermal anisotropies on the onset of instability is investigated, both analytically and numerically.
Patellofemoral arthroplasty with onlay prosthesis leads to higher rates of osteoarthritis progression than inlay design implants: a systematic review
Authors: Sava Manuel-Paul , Neopoulos Georgios , Leica Alexandra , Hirschmann Michael T.
Published: April 2023

Purpose

The aim of this study was to report the clinical and functional outcomes, complication rates, implant survivorship and the progression of tibiofemoral osteoarthritis (OA), after new inlay or onlay patellofemoral arthroplasty (PFA), for isolated patellofemoral OA. Comparison of different implant types and models, where it was possible, also represented one of the objectives.

Methods

A systematic literature search following PRISMA guidelines was conducted on PubMed, Scopus, Embase and Cochrane databases, to identify possible relevant studies, published from the inception of these databases until 11.11.2022. Randomized control trials (RCTs), case series, case control studies and cohort studies, written in English or German, and published in peer-reviewed journals after 2010, were included. Not original studies, case reports, simulation studies, systematic reviews, or studies that included patients who underwent TKA or unicompartmental arthroplasty (UKA) of the medial or lateral compartment of the knee, were excluded. Additionally, only articles that assessed functional and/or clinical outcomes, patient-reported outcomes (PROMs), radiographic progression of OA, complication rates, implant survival rates, pain, as well as conversion to TKA rates in patients treated with PFA, using inlay or onlay trochlea designs, were included. For quality assessment, the Methodological Index for Non-Randomized Studies (MINORS) for non-comparative and comparative clinical intervention studies was used.

Results

The literature search identified 404 articles. 29 of them met all the inclusion criteria following the selection process. Median MINORS for non-comparative studies value was 12.5 (range 11–14), and for comparative studies 20.1 (range 17–24). In terms of clinical and functional outcomes, no difference between onlay and inlay PFA has been described. Both designs yielded satisfactory results at short, medium and long-term follow-ups. Both designs improved pain postoperatively and no difference between them in terms of postoperative VAS has been noted, although the onlay groups presented a higher preoperative VAS. When comparing the inlay to onlay trochlea designs, the inlay group displayed a lower progression of OA rate.

Conclusion

There is no difference in functional or clinical outcomes after PFA between the new inlay and the onlay designs, with both presenting an improvement in most of the scores that were used. A higher rate of OA progression was observed in the onlay design group.

Level of evidence

III.
Study the correlation between the instrumental and sensory evaluation of 3D-printed protein-fortified potato puree
Authors: Mirazimi Farnaz , Saldo Jordi , Sepulcre Francesc , Pujolà Montserrat
Published: April 2023

The creation of 3D printed food with programmed texture has the ambition of getting personalized properties through novel texture perceptions with many different ingredients and is helping the swallowing or mastication problems of vulnerable people. This study is done to determine the correlation between the instrumental and sensory evaluation of 3D-printed protein-fortified puree potatoes. At the moment there are not many studies about this correlation, and this information can be very helpful for food texture development. For people with swallowing difficulties, it is critical to have access to safe food with the desired texture. Therefore, understanding the correlation between texture-modified food will aid in the formulation of safe foods with desired sensory properties. Instrumental measurements of fortified puree were performed by a texture analyzer and the attributes obtained were firmness, consistency, cohesiveness, and index of viscosity. Quantitative descriptive analysis with eight trained panelists was employed to characterize the texture of the the3D-printed protein-fortified puree based on six sensory attributes: firmness, thickness, smoothness, rate of breakdown, adhesive, and difficulty swallowing. Three proteins (soy, cricket, and egg albumin with two different concentrations of 3 and 5%) were evaluated against puree potato without any protein as a control. The correlation results obtained from texture analysis and sensory evaluation were statistically significant (P < 0.05) which can be used to understand the impact of ingredients on textured modified puree to predict the sensory attributes which need a lot of time for training panelists.
Deep branch of the radial nerve: effect of pronation/supination on longitudinal nerve alignment
Authors: Mohana-Borges Aurea V.R. , Souza Sergio A. L. , Mohana-Borges Ronaldo , Statum Sheronda , Chung Christine B.
Published: April 2023

Objective

To evaluate the effect of maximal pronation and supination of the forearm on the alignment and anatomic relationship of the deep branch of the radial nerve (DBRN) at the superior arcade of the supinator muscle (SASM) by using high-resolution ultrasound (HRUS).

Materials and methods

In this cross-sectional study, HRUS in the long axis of the DBRN was performed in asymptomatic participants enrolled from March to August 2021. DBRN alignment was evaluated by measuring angles of the nerve in maximal pronation and maximal supination of the forearm independently by two musculoskeletal radiologists. Forearm range of motion and biometric measurements were recorded. Student t, Shapiro–Wilk, Pearson correlation, reliability analyses, and Kruskal–Wallis test were used.

Results

The study population included 110 nerves from 55 asymptomatic participants (median age, 37.0 years; age range, 16–63 years; 29 [52.7%] women). There was a statistically significant difference between the DBRN angle in maximal supination and maximal pronation (Reader 1: 95% CI: 5.74, 8.21, p < 0.001, and Reader 2: 95% CI: 5.82, 8.37, p < 0.001). The mean difference between the angles in maximal supination and maximal pronation was approximately 7° for both readers. ICC was very good for intraobserver agreement (Reader1: r ≥ 0.92, p < 0.001; Reader 2: r ≥ 0.93, p < 0.001), as well as for interobserver agreement (phase 1: r ≥ 0.87, p < 0.001; phase 2: r ≥ 0.90, p < 0.001).

Conclusion

The extremes of the rotational movement of the forearm affect the longitudinal morphology and anatomic relationships of the DBRN, primarily demonstrating the convergence of the nerve towards the SASM in maximal pronation and divergence in maximal supination.
Chronic stage magnetic resonance imaging findings in patients with shoulder injury related to vaccine administration (SIRVA)
Authors: Donners Ricardo , Gehweiler Julian , Kovacs Balazs , Breit Hanns-Christian , Daikeler Thomas , Harder Dorothee , Berger Christoph T.
Published: April 2023

Purpose

Identify chronic shoulder MRI findings in patients with known shoulder injury related to vaccine administration (SIRVA).

Materials and methods

Two fellowship-trained musculoskeletal radiologists retrospectively reviewed the MRI of nine patients with clinically established SIRVA. MRI was performed at least 4 weeks after vaccination and included intravenous contrast-enhanced sequences. MRI was reviewed for the presence of erosions, tendonitis, capsulitis, synovitis, bone marrow oedema, joint effusion, bursitis, cartilage defects, rotator cuff lesions, and lymphadenopathy. The number and location of focal lesions were recorded.

Results

Erosions of the greater tuberosity were present in 8/9 (89%), tendonitis of the infraspinatus muscle tendon in 7/9 (78%), capsulitis, synovitis, and bone marrow oedema in 5/9 (56%) cases, respectively. Effusion was found in three, and subdeltoid bursitis, rotator cuff lesions as well as cartilage defects in one patient, respectively. None of our included subjects showed axillary lymphadenopathy.

Conclusion

In this case series, greater humeral tuberosity erosions, infraspinatus muscle tendonitis, capsulitis, synovitis, and bone marrow oedema were common MRI findings in chronic SIRVA.
The effect of lifting load on the kinematic characteristics of lumbar spinous process in vivo
Authors: Chen Huanxiong , Zhong Zhenhao , Wen Wangqiang , Xu Haoxiang , Li Guojun , Su Tian , Zhang Zepei , Miao Jun
Published: April 2023

Background

There are limited data on the in vivo natural kinematics of the lumbar spinous process. This paper intends to explore the effect of lifting load on the in vivo movement mode of the lumbar spinous process and its biomechanical changes.

Methods

Ten asymptomatic subjects between the ages of 25 and 39 underwent CT scans of the lumbar spine in the supine position, and 3D models of L3-L5 were constructed. Using a Dual Fluoroscopy Imaging System (DFIS), instantaneous orthogonal fluoroscopic images of each subject's flexion–extension, left–right bending, and left–right rotational movements were taken under different loads (0 kg, 5 kg, 10 kg). The supine CT model was matched, using computer software, to the bony contours of the images from the two orthogonal views, so that the instantaneous 3D vertebral position at each location could be quantified. A Cartesian coordinate system was ultimately constructed at the tip of the spinous process to obtain the 6DOF kinematic data of the spinous process.

Results

In different postural movements of the trunk, there was no significant difference in the rotation angle and translation range of the lumbar spinous process under different loads (P > 0.05). In flexion to extension motion, spinous processes mainly rotate < 4° along the medial and lateral axes and translate < 4 mm along the craniocaudal direction. In the left–right bending motion, spinous processes mainly rotate < 5° along the anterior and posterior axes, and the translation is mainly coupling < 2 mm. In the rotational motion, the spinous process is mainly coupled motion, the rotation range is less than 3°, and the translation range is less than 2 mm. The distance between spinous processes measured in the supine position was 6.66 ± 2.29 mm at L3/4 and 5.08 ± 1.57 mm at L4/5.

Conclusion

The in vivo kinematics of the lumbar spinous process will not change significantly with increasing low load. In complex motion, the spinous process is dominated by coupling motion.
Anti-biofilm Activity of Povidone-Iodine and Polyhexamethylene Biguanide: Evidence from In Vitro Tests
Authors: Gryson Luc , Meaume Sylvie , Feldkaemper Ina , Favalli Filippo
Published: April 2023

Biofilm in chronic wounds is associated with delayed healing and ineffective local treatment. The purpose of this study was to investigate the in vitro anti-biofilm activity of two commonly used antimicrobials, povidone-iodine (PVP-I) and polyhexamethylene biguanide (PHMB). The rate of anti-biofilm activity of PVP-I, PHMB, and phosphate-buffered saline (negative control) was assessed on monomicrobial biofilms of varying maturity and composition. Antimicrobial efficacy was determined by counting colony-forming units (CFU). Live/dead cell staining and time-lapse confocal microscopy were also performed. Both PVP-I and PHMB demonstrated robust in vitro anti-biofilm activity against all tested biofilms; however, PVP-I had a more rapid action versus PHMB against methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) biofilms, as determined by both CFU counts and microscopy. PVP-I completely eradicated Pseudomonas aeruginosa biofilms of 3- and 5-day maturity (in ≤0.5 h) and 7-day maturity (in ≤3 h), while PHMB only partially depleted cell density, with no complete biofilm eradication even after 24 h. In conclusion, PVP-I had a similar in vitro anti-biofilm activity to PHMB against biofilms of varying microbial compositions and maturity, and in some cases demonstrated more potent and rapid activity versus PHMB. PVP-I may be particularly effective in treating MRSA biofilms. However, further high-quality clinical research on the efficacy of antimicrobials is required.
Interferometric laser imaging for respiratory droplets sizing
Authors: Grandoni Livia , Méès Loïc , Grosjean Nathalie , Leuzzi Giovanni , Monti Paolo , Pelliccioni Armando , Salizzoni Pietro
Published: April 2023

Due to its importance in airborne disease transmission, especially because of the COVID-19 pandemic, much attention has recently been devoted by the scientific community to the analysis of dispersion of particle-laden air clouds ejected by humans during different respiratory activities. In spite of that, a lack of knowledge is still present particularly with regard to the velocity of the emitted particles, which could differ considerably from that of the air phase. The velocity of the particles is also expected to vary with their size. In this work, simultaneous measurements of size and velocity of particles emitted by humans while speaking have been performed by means of Interferometric Laser Imaging Droplet Sizing (ILIDS). This technique allowed us to detect emitted particles with size down to 2 µm as well as to quantify all three components of the velocity vector and the particle concentration. The outcomes of this work may be used as boundary conditions for numerical simulations of infected respiratory cloud transmission.

Graphical abstract