bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Inter-comparison of stratospheric mean-meridional circulation and eddy mixing among six reanalysis datasets
Authors: Miyazaki K. , Iwasaki T. , Kawatani Y. , Kobayashi C. , Sugawara S. , Hegglin M.
Published: October 2015

Abstract. The stratospheric mean-meridional circulation (MMC) and eddy mixing are compared among six meteorological reanalysis datasets: NCEP-NCAR, NCEP-CFSR, ERA-40, ERA-Interim, JRA-25, and JRA-55 for the period 1979–2012. The reanalysis datasets produced using advanced systems (i.e., NCEP-CFSR, ERA-Interim, and JRA-55) generally reveal a weaker MMC and stronger eddy mixing in the Northern Hemisphere (NH) compared with those produced using older systems (i.e., NCEP/NCAR, ERA-40, and JRA-25). In the NH lower stratosphere, the stronger eddy mixing is attributed to stronger planetary-scale mixing in the new datasets, whereas small-scale mixing is weaker in the new datasets. Conventional data assimilation techniques introduce analysis increments without maintaining physical balance, which may have caused an overly strong MMC and spurious small-scale eddies in the old datasets. At the NH mid-latitudes, only ERA-Interim reveals a weakening MMC trend in the deep branch of the Brewer–Dobson Circulation (BDC). The relative importance of the eddy mixing compared with the mean transport in the subtropical lower stratosphere is considered to be important in controlling mean Age-of-Air (AoA) variations above, which showed increasing trends in ERA-Interim and JRA-55; this together with the weakened MMC in the deep branch may imply an increasing AoA trend in the NH middle stratosphere in ERA-Interim. Overall, discrepancies between the different variables and trends therein as derived from the different reanalyses are still relatively large, suggesting that more investments into these products are needed in order to obtain a consolidated picture of observed changes in the BDC and the mechanisms that drive them.
Impacts of AMSU-A, MHS and IASI data assimilation on temperature and humidity forecasts with GSI–WRF over the western United States
Authors: Bao Y. , Xu J. , Powell Jr. A. M. , Shao M. , Min J. , Pan Y.
Published: October 2015

Abstract. Using NOAA's Gridpoint Statistical Interpolation (GSI) data assimilation system and NCAR's Advanced Research WRF (Weather Research and Forecasting) (ARW-WRF) regional model, six experiments are designed by (1) a control experiment (CTRL) and five data assimilation (DA) experiments with different data sets, including (2) conventional data only (CON); (3) microwave data (AMSU-A + MHS) only (MW); (4) infrared data (IASI) only (IR); (5) a combination of microwave and infrared data (MWIR); and (6) a combination of conventional, microwave and infrared observation data (ALL). One-month experiments in July 2012 and the impacts of the DA on temperature and moisture forecasts at the surface and four vertical layers over the western United States have been investigated. The four layers include lower troposphere (LT) from 800 to 1000 hPa, middle troposphere (MT) from 400 to 800 hPa, upper troposphere (UT) from 200 to 400 hPa, and lower stratosphere (LS) from 50 to 200 hPa. The results show that the regional GSI–WRF system is underestimating the observed temperature in the LT and overestimating in the UT and LS. The MW DA reduced the forecast bias from the MT to the LS within 30 h forecasts, and the CON DA kept a smaller forecast bias in the LT for 2-day forecasts. The largest root mean square error (RMSE) is observed in the LT and at the surface (SFC). Compared to the CTRL, the MW DA produced the most positive contribution in the UT and LS, and the CON DA mainly improved the temperature forecasts at the SFC. However, the IR DA gave a negative contribution in the LT. Most of the observed humidity in the different vertical layers is overestimated in the humidity forecasts except in the UT. The smallest bias in the humidity forecast occurred at the SFC and in the UT. The DA experiments apparently reduced the bias from the LT to UT, especially for the IR DA experiment, but the RMSEs are not reduced in the humidity forecasts. Compared to the CTRL, the IR DA experiment has a larger RMSE in the moisture forecast, although the smallest bias is found in the LT and MT.
A perspective on the fundamental quality of GPS radio occultation data
Authors: Wee T.-K. , Kuo Y.-H.
Published: October 2015

Abstract. Radio occultation (RO) is a promising source of observation for weather and climate applications. However, the uncertainties arising from imperfect retrieval algorithms may weaken the overall confidence in the data and discourage their use. As an alternative approach of assessing the quality of RO data while avoiding the nuisance of retrieval errors, this study proposes to use minimally processed data (measurement) instead of derived RO data. This study compares measured phase paths with their model counterparts, simulated with an effective ray tracer for which the refractive indices along the complete ray path linking the transmitter and the receiver are realistically specified. The comparison of phase measurements with the European Centre for Medium-Range Weather Forecasts (ECMWF) data made in the observation space shows that the RO measurements are of sufficient accuracy to uncover regional-scale systematic errors in ECMWF's operational analysis and the 45-year reanalysis (ERA40), and to clearly depict the error growth of short-term ERA40 forecasts. In the southern hemispheric stratosphere, in particular, the RO measurements served as a robust reference against which both of the two analyses were significantly biased in opposite directions even though they were produced by the same center using virtually the same set of data. The measurement and ECMWF analyses showed a close agreement in the standard deviation except for the regions and heights that the quality of the ECMWF data is controversial. This confirms the high precision of RO measurements and also indicates that the main problem of the ECMWF analyses lies in their systematic error.
Satellite observation of atmospheric methane: intercomparison between AIRS and GOSAT TANSO-FTS retrievals
Authors: Zou M. , Xiong X. , Saitoh N. , Warner J. , Zhang Y. , Chen L. , Weng F.
Published: October 2015

Abstract. Space-borne observations of atmospheric methane (CH4) have been made using the Atmospheric Infrared Sounder (AIRS) on the EOS/Aqua satellite since August 2002 and the Thermal and Near-infrared Sensor for Carbon Observation Fourier Transform Spectrometer (TANSO-FTS) on the Greenhouse Gases Observing Satellite (GOSAT) since April 2009. This study compared the GOSAT TANSO-FTS thermal infrared (TIR) version 1.0 CH4 product with the collocated AIRS version 6 CH4 product using data from 1 August 2010 to 30 June 2012, including the CH4 mixing ratios and the total column amounts. The results show that at 300–600 hPa, where both AIRS and GOSAT-TIR CH4 have peak sensitivities, they agree very well, but GOSAT-TIR retrievals tend to be higher than AIRS in layer 200–300 hPa. At 300 hPa the CH4 mixing ratio from GOSAT-TIR is, on average, 10.3 ± 31.8 ppbv higher than that from AIRS, and at 600 hPa GOSAT-TIR retrieved CH4 is -16.2 ± 25.7 ppbv lower than AIRS CH4. Comparison of the total column amount of CH4 shows that GOSAT-TIR agrees with AIRS to within 1 % in the mid-latitude regions of Southern Hemisphere and in tropics. In the mid to high latitudes in the Northern Hemisphere, GOSAT-TIR is ~ 1–2 % lower than AIRS, and in the high-latitude regions of Southern Hemisphere the difference of GOSAT from AIRS varies from −3 % in October to +2 % in July. The difference between AIRS and GOSAT TANSO-FTS retrievals is mainly due to the difference in retrieval algorithms and instruments itself, and the larger difference in the high latitude regions is associated with the low information content and small degree of freedoms of the retrieval. The degree of freedom of GOSAT-TIR retrievals is lower than that of AIRS also indicates that the constraint in GOSAT-TIR retrieval may be too strong. From the good correlation between AIRS and GOSAT-TIR retrievals and the seasonal variation they observed we are confident that the thermal infrared measurements from AIRS and GOSAT-TIR can provide valuable information to capture the spatial and temporal variation of CH4, especially in the mid-upper troposphere, in most time and regions.
Late-glacial to late-Holocene shifts in global precipitation δ18O
Authors: Jasechko S. , Lechler A. , Pausata F. S. R. , Fawcett P. J. , Gleeson T. , Cendón D. I. , Galewsky J. , LeGrande A. N. , Risi C. , Sharp Z. D. , Welker J. M. , Werner M. , Yoshimura K.
Published: October 2015

Abstract. Reconstructions of Quaternary climate are often based on the isotopic content of paleo-precipitation preserved in proxy records. While many paleo-precipitation isotope records are available, few studies have synthesized these dispersed records to explore spatial patterns of late-glacial precipitation δ18O. Here we present a synthesis of 86 globally distributed groundwater (n = 59), cave calcite (n = 15) and ice core (n = 12) isotope records spanning the late-glacial (defined as ~ 50 000 to ~ 20 000 years ago) to the late-Holocene (within the past ~ 5000 years). We show that precipitation δ18O changes from the late-glacial to the late-Holocene range from −7.1 ‰ (δ18Olate-Holocene > δ18Olate-glacial) to +1.7 ‰ (δ18Olate-glacial > δ18Olate-Holocene), with the majority (77 %) of records having lower late-glacial δ18O than late-Holocene δ18O values. High-magnitude, negative precipitation δ18O shifts are common at high latitudes, high altitudes and continental interiors (δ18Olate-Holocene > δ18Olate-glacial by more than 3 ‰). Conversely, low-magnitude, positive precipitation δ18O shifts are concentrated along tropical and subtropical coasts (δ18Olate-glacial > δ18Olate-Holocene by less than 2 ‰). Broad, global patterns of late-glacial to late-Holocene precipitation δ18O shifts suggest that stronger-than-modern isotopic distillation of air masses prevailed during the late-glacial, likely impacted by larger global temperature differences between the tropics and the poles. Further, to test how well general circulation models reproduce global precipitation δ18O shifts, we compiled simulated precipitation δ18O shifts from five isotope-enabled general circulation models simulated under recent and last glacial maximum climate states. Climate simulations generally show better inter-model and model-measurement agreement in temperate regions than in the tropics, highlighting a need for further research to better understand how inter-model spread in convective rainout, seawater δ18O and glacial topography parameterizations impact simulated precipitation δ18O. Future research on paleo-precipitation δ18O records can use the global maps of measured and simulated late-glacial precipitation isotope compositions to target and prioritize field sites.
Presence, or the sense of being-there and being-with in the new media society
Authors: Hong Sun-ha
Published: October 2015

This essay argues that the ways in which we come to feel connectivity and intimacy are often inconsistent with and irreducible to traditional markers like physical proximity, the human face or the synchronicity of message transmission. It identifies this non-objective and affective property as presence: conventionalised ways of intuiting sociability and publicness. The new media society is a specific situation where such habits of being affected are socially and historically parametrised. The essay provides two case studies. First: how do we derive a diffuse, indirect, intuitive sense of communicative participation — and yet also manage to convince ourselves of anonymity online? The second describes surveillance and data-mining as a kind of alienation: I am told my personal data is being exploited, but I do not quite ‘feel’ it. Surveillance practices increasingly withdraw from everyday experience, yet this withdrawal actually contributes to its strong presence.
“That swevene hath Daniel unloke”:
Authors: Harrington Marjorie
Published: October 2015

This article contrasts Chaucer's attitude toward dream visions and the Somniale tradition with English and Latin Somniale works in two of the Harley scribe's manuscripts: London, British Library MSS Harley 2253 and Royal 12.C.xii. It includes an edition of the Royal Somniale Danielis, here edited and translated for the first time. I demonstrate that—in contrast to Chaucer's skepticism—the Harley scribe viewed the Somniale tradition as a valuable source of knowledge worthy of transmission into English. The vast gap between these two figures' approaches to dream interpretation reveals that fourteenth-century attitudes toward texts that bridge the practical/devotional divide were not homogeneous, and that Chaucer's characteristic ambivalence toward and manipulation of dream genres should not be taken as representative.
“Ane Doolie Sessoun” and “Ane Cairfull Dyte”:
Authors: Dunai Amber
Published: October 2015

This article reads the narrator of Robert Henryson's Testament of Cresseid as a central character alongside the titular heroine of the piece. It locates similarities between Cresseid and her narrator in their unlawful sexuality, physical deterioration, and consequential exclusion from the religion of love. However, while Cresseid is shown to undergo a genuine personal transformation by the end of Testament, the narrator's erroneous reading of the story's lesson suggests that he has missed the true moral point, which advocates for the abandonment of worldly pleasures in favor of eternal qualities. Parallels between the spiritually rehabilitative qualities of leprosy and old age indicate that his moral progress may be ongoing, although at the end of the poem he still resembles Cresseid at the stage of complaint rather than repentance.
For Want of a Better Estimate, Let’s Call It the Year 2000: The Twilight Zone and the Aural Conception of a Dystopian Future
Authors: Wissner Reba A.
Published: October 2015

This paper examines the aural conceptions of futuristic dystopias in episodes of The Twilight Zone, focusing on one specific episode, season five’s “Number Twelve Looks Just Like You.” I examine how the music director of CBS conceived of the future, aurally representing these episodes as having an affinity with the premise of Brave New World by reusing its radio score by Bernard Herrmann. As a result, I will explore the use of the radio score in the episode and the ways in which dystopian futures were aurally represented in the series.
Lydia Maria Child: Abolitionism and the New England Spirit
Authors: Duran Jane
Published: October 2015

lydia maria child (1802–1880) was one of the best-known women intellectuals of the nineteenth century on the American scene, and yet her name is not often heard today. Although it might seem gratuitous to attempt to label a thinker—and, in some cases, not only unnecessary, but demeaning—there is ample reason to think that Child can be called a transcendentalist, as well as an early abolitionist and feminist. In any case, the independent and very forward-looking work of this woman thinker of her time, it can be argued, deserves further consideration and is not without philosophical import.
Reply to Joshua Anderson
Authors: Aikin Scott F. , Talisse Robert B.
Published: October 2015

We are pleased to find that our 2005 paper “Why Pragmatists Cannot Be Pluralists” (Talisse and Aikin) continues to draw critical attention. It seems to us that despite the many responses to our paper, its central challenge has not been met. That challenge is for pragmatists to articulate a genuine pluralism that is consistent with their broader commitments. Unfortunately, much of the wrangling over our paper has aimed to capture the word “pluralism” for pragmatist deployment; little has been done to clarify what that term means when pragmatists use it. This is pragmatically unacceptable. Hence there is work to be done, and we are happy to revisit the issues.
Effects of front and back squat techniques on patellofemoral joint kinetics in males
Authors: Sinclair J , Atkins S , Kudiersky N , Taylor PJ , Vincent H
Published: October 2015

Purpose: The barbell squat is fundamental in strength and conditioning, with two principal variants; the back and front squat. Unfortunately, the propensity for injury is high particularly at the knee. The aim of the current investigation was examine the influence of front and back squat variations on patellofemoral joint load. Methods: Patellofemoral loads were obtained from thirty-five experienced male participants, who completed both back and front squats at 70% of 1 RM. Differences between squat conditions were examined using Bonferroni adjusted (P = .008) paired t-tests. Results: The results showed that significant differences (P < .008) in patellofemoral load were identified between both conditions with the highest load being experienced during the back squat exercise. Conclusions: Given the proposed relationship between the magnitude of the load experienced by the patellofemoral joint and associated injury pathology, the back squat appears to place lifters at greater risk from injury. Therefore, it may be prudent therefore for lifters who are predisposed to patellofemoral pain syndrome to utilize the front squat in their training.
Abstracts from the 35th Annual Scientific Meeting of the Canadian Geriatrics Society, Montreal, April 2015
Authors: Authors Various
Published: October 2015

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Fall issue, 2015
Authors: Madden Ken , Rapoport Mark , Maxwell Colleen
Published: October 2015

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Networked Privacy Beyond the Individual: Four Perspectives to ‘Sharing’
Authors: Lampinen Airi
Published: October 2015

Synthesizing prior work, this paper provides conceptual grounding for understanding the dialectic of challenges and opportunities that social network sites present to social life. With the help of the framework of interpersonal boundary regulation, this paper casts privacy as something people do, together, instead of depicting it as a characteristic or a possession. I illustrate interpersonal aspects of networked privacy by outlining four perspectives to ‘sharing’. These perspectives call for a rethink of networked privacy beyond an individual’s online endeavors.
Deconstructivist Interaction Design: Interrogating Expression and Form
Authors: Murer Martin , Fuchsberger Verena , Tscheligi Manfred
Published: October 2015

In this paper, we propose deconstructivist interaction design in order to facilitate the differentiation of an expressional vo- cabulary in interaction design. Based on examples that illus- trate how interaction design critically explores (i.e., decon- structs) its own expressional repertoire, we argue that there are commonalities with deconstructivist phases in related de- sign disciplines to learn from. Therefore, we draw on the role and characteristics of deconstructivism in the history of archi- tecture, graphic design, and fashion. Afterwards, we reflect on how interaction design is already a means of deconstruc- tion (e.g., in critical design). Finally, we discuss the potential of deconstructivism for form-giving practices, resulting in a proposal to extend interaction design’s expressional vocabu- lary of giving form to computational material by substantiat- ing a deconstructivist perspective. 
Note to Self: Stop Calling Interfaces “Natural”
Authors: Hansen Lone Koefoed , Dalsgaard Peter
Published: October 2015

The term “natural” is employed to describe a wide range of novel interactive products and systems, ranging from ges- ture-based interaction to brain-computer interfaces and in marketing as well as in research. However, this terminology is problematic. It establishes an untenable dichotomy be- tween forms of interaction that are natural and those that are not; it draws upon the positive connotations of the term and conflates the language of research with marketing lingo, often without a clear explanation of why novel interfaces can be considered natural; and it obscures the examination of the details of interaction that ought to be the concern of HCI researchers. We are primarily concerned with identify- ing the problem, but also propose two steps to remedy it: recognising that the terminology we employ in research has consequences, and unfolding and articulating in more detail the qualities of interfaces that we have hitherto labelled “natural”. 
Revisiting the Users Award Programme from a Value Sensitive Design Perspective
Authors: Walldius Åke , Gulliksen Jan , Sundblad Yngve
Published: October 2015

The goal of the UsersAward (UA) programme is to develop and maintain a strategy for enhancing the quality of workplace software through on-going user-driven quality assessment. Key activities are development of sets of quality criteria, as the USER CERTIFIED 2002 and 2006 instruments, and performing large domain specific user satisfaction surveys building on these quality criteria. In 2005 we performed a first analysis of the values that inform the criteria and procedure making up the 2002 instrument, using the Value Sensitive Design methodology. This paper is a follow-up of that study. We report on new types of stakeholders having engaged with the UA programme and reflect on how the conceptual considerations and explicit values of the programme have shifted as a consequence. 
Residents’ Democratic engagement in public housing and urban areas – structures, formalities and technologies
Authors: Bertelsen Olav W. , Korsgaard Henrik , Kuhn Ingrid , Schröder Carolin , Sundblad Yngve , Tollmar Konrad
Published: October 2015

The workshop gathers people from various sectors inside and outside academia to discuss the current state of, and the prospects for IT in the support of residents’ democratic engagement in, and around, public housing. 
Legere: A Visualizer for Spoken Audio
Authors: Lamar Alex , Meyer Timmy , Steinberger Loran , Harrison Steve
Published: October 2015

Legere is a work of critical technology-art that examines the intersection between novels and visual media as two different forms of entertainment. It is set to mimic television -- the program, displayed on an old television set, has a set number of channels that the user can flip through with a remote. Each channel concurrently plays a long-running audiobook, and using speech-recognition, the program flashes the book's text at the user in sync with the narration. The exhibit is meant to mock a living room atmosphere by adding a couch, coffee table, and other peripherals like a rug, to the project space.
Embodying Embodied Design Research Techniques
Authors: Wilde Danielle , Tomico Oscar , Lucero Andrés , Höök Kristina , Buur Jacob
Published: October 2015

The value of engaging the full gamut of sensory motor skills in the design and use of smart objects and systems is recognized. Yet methods for arriving at robust and reliable outcomes for their development are not fully understood, nor are they easily reported or transferred through typical conference presentations and paper submissions. New forms of knowledge transfer, such as pictorials (e.g., DIS and RTD conferences), and video are enabling enhanced, image-enriched reporting of outcomes. Y et appropriate transfer of embodied research methods remains elusive.

In this workshop we propose to investigate how embodied research techniques may be used as direct and unmediated vehicles for their own reporting. Rather than engaging in oral presentations, participants will lead other participants through a proven embodied method or approach. Small groups will create mash-ups of techniques, exploring ways that the new approaches might coherently be reported. Participants will be encouraged to experiment with different recording techniques, including body-mounted sensing and recording devices, as well as less conventional approaches. The intention is to find appropriate ways of reporting embodied experiments, so that intangible elements are not lost. Participants will be supported to reflect on unfolding discoveries, to share impressions, as well as outcomes, including documentation experiments that aim to tangibly capture and communicate the processes undertaken.

Embodied ideation, communication and collaboration techniques enable enhanced creative engagement and assist creativity [2]. By applying such methods to the problem of their reporting, we hope to deepen understanding of how to move towards enriched, nuanced and repeatable methods for embodied design and knowledge transfer. Crucially, our intention is not simply to find the next form of research reporting. Rather, this workshop will engage participants in an experimental enquiry, so that embodied design research may become an active area of inquiry moving forward. 
ULF foreshock under radial IMF: THEMIS observations and global kinetic simulation Vlasiator results compared
Authors: Palmroth M. , Archer M. , Vainio R. , Hietala H. , Pfau‐Kempf Y. , Hoilijoki S. , Hannuksela O. , Ganse U. , Sandroos A. , Alfthan S. von , Eastwood J. P.
Published: October 2015

For decades, monochromatic large‐scale ultralow frequency (ULF) waves with a period of about 30 s have been observed upstream of the quasi‐parallel bow shock. These waves typically propagate obliquely with respect to the interplanetary magnetic field (IMF), while the growth rate for the instability causing the waves is maximized parallel to the magnetic field. It has been suggested that the mechanism for the oblique propagation concerns wave refraction due to the spatial variability of the suprathermal ions, originating from the E × B drift component. We investigate the ULF foreshock under a quasi‐radial IMF with Vlasiator, which is a newly developed global hybrid‐Vlasov simulation solving the Vlasov equation for protons, while electrons are treated as a charge‐neutralizing fluid. We observe the generation of the 30 s ULF waves and compare their properties to previous literature and multipoint Time History of Events and Macroscale Interactions during Substorms (THEMIS) spacecraft observations. We find that Vlasiator reproduces the foreshock ULF waves in all reported observational aspects. We conclude that the variability of the density and velocity of the reflected back streaming ions determines the large‐scale structure of the foreshock, which affects the wave frequency, wavelength, and oblique propagation. We conclude that the wave refraction may also be at work for radial IMF conditions, which has earlier been thought of as an exception to the refraction mechanism due to the small E × B drift component. We suggest that additional refraction may be caused by the large‐scale spatial variability of the density and velocity of the back streaming ions.
Neogene ice volume and ocean temperatures: Insights from infaunal foraminiferal Mg/Ca paleothermometry
Authors: Lear Caroline H. , Coxall Helen K. , Foster Gavin L. , Lunt Daniel J. , Mawbey Elaine M. , Rosenthal Yair , Sosdian Sindia M. , Thomas Ellen , Wilson Paul A.
Published: October 2015

Antarctic continental‐scale glaciation is generally assumed to have initiated at the Eocene‐Oligocene Transition, yet its subsequent evolution is poorly constrained. We reconstruct changes in bottom water temperature and global ice volume from 0 to 17 Ma using δ18O in conjunction with Mg/Ca records of the infaunal benthic foraminifer, O. umbonatus from Ocean Drilling Program (ODP) Site 806 (equatorial Pacific; ~2500 m). Considering uncertainties in core top calibrations and sensitivity to seawater Mg/Ca (Mg/Ca)sw, we produce a range of Mg/Ca‐temperature‐Mg/Casw calibrations. Our favored exponential temperature calibration is Mg/Ca = 0.66 ± 0.08 × Mg/Casw0.27±0.06 × e(0.114±0.02 × BWT) and our favored linear temperature calibration is Mg/Ca = (1.21 ± 0.04 + 0.12 ± 0.004 × BWT (bottom water temperature)) × (Mg/Casw−0.003±0.02) (stated errors are 2 s.e.). The equations are obtained by comparing O. umbonatus Mg/Ca for a Paleocene‐Eocene section from Ocean Drilling Program (ODP) Site 690 (Weddell Sea) to δ18O temperatures, calculated assuming ice‐free conditions during this peak warmth period of the Cenozoic. This procedure suggests negligible effect of Mg/Casw on the Mg distribution coefficient (DMg). Application of the new equations to the Site 806 record leads to the suggestion that global ice volume was greater than today after the Middle Miocene Climate Transition (~14 Ma). ODP Site 806 bottom waters cooled and freshened as the Pacific zonal sea surface temperature gradient increased, and climate cooled through the Pliocene, prior to the Plio‐Pleistocene glaciation of the Northern Hemisphere. The records indicate a decoupling of deep water temperatures and global ice volume, demonstrating the importance of thresholds in the evolution of the Antarctic ice sheet.
Novel DDR2 mutation identified by whole exome sequencing in a Moroccan patient with spondylo‐meta‐epiphyseal dysplasia, short limb‐abnormal calcification type
Authors: Mansouri Maria , Kayserili Hülya , Elalaoui Siham Chafai , Nishimura Gen , Iida Aritoshi , Lyahyai Jaber , Miyake Noriko , Matsumoto Naomichi , Sefiani Abdelaziz , Ikegawa Shiro
Published: October 2015

Spondylo‐meta‐epiphyseal dysplasia (SMED), short limb‐abnormal calcification type (SMED, SL‐AC), is a very rare autosomal recessive disorder with various skeletal changes characterized by premature calcification leading to severe disproportionate short stature. Twenty‐two patients have been reported until now, but only five mutations (four missense and one splice‐site) in the conserved sequence encoding the tyrosine kinase domain of the DDR2 gene has been identified. We report here a novel DDR2 missense mutation, c.370C > T (p.Arg124Trp) in a Moroccan girl with SMED, SL‐AC, identified by whole exome sequencing. Our study has expanded the mutational spectrum of this rare disease and it has shown that exome sequencing is a powerful and cost‐effective tool for the diagnosis of clinically heterogeneous disorders such as SMED. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Coexistence of neuroblastoma and ganglioneuroma in a girl with a hemizygous deletion of chromosome 11q14.1–23.3
Authors: Shiohama Tadashi , Fujii Katsunori , Hino Moeko , Shimizu Kenji , Ohashi Hirofumi , Kambe Michiyo , Nakatani Yukio , Mitsunaga Tetsuya , Yoshida Hideo , Ochiai Hidemasa , Shimojo Naoki
Published: October 2015

Constitutional 11q interstitial deletion syndrome presents with congenital anomalies including microcephaly with craniostenosis, minor dysmorphic features, vitreoretinopathy, and renal anomalies. This syndrome is occasionally associated with neuroblastoma (NB) as a life‐threatening complication, which is important for clinical care. Although the corresponding locus to NB has been predicted to exist in 11q22–23 by previous deletion studies related to NB, the causative haploinsufficient genes have not yet been identified. We herein reported for the first time the simultaneous coexistence of adrenal NB and abdominal prevertebral ganglioneuroma in a 6‐year‐old girl with a constitutional hemizygous 11q14.1–23.3 deletion. Of the 11 haploinsufficient genes predicted with an in silico database, we focused on NCAM1 and CADM1 as the genes accountable for NB and ganglioneuroma. The deletion range, especially the 11q22.3 involvement, needs to be determined in 11q deletion cases in order to predict susceptibility to peripheral nerve tumors involving NB and ganglioneuroma. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Substituent‐Controlled Selective Synthesis of Spirooxindoles and Oxazolyloxindoles via Two Tandem Reactions
Authors: Liu Yun , Xue Jijun , Sun Zhou , Liu Dongxue , Xing Yacheng , Li Ying
Published: October 2015

A common synthetic method involving two tandem processes to prepare varieties of oxindole derivatives, which are important bioactive cores that exist widely in natural products and drugs, from similar materials under mild conditions is described. Herein a substituent‐controlled product‐selective strategy succeeded in synthesizing spirooxindoles and oxazolyloxindoles with excellent diastereoselectivity from methyleneindolinones and α‐bromoamides. The synthesis has clear chemoselectivity, which relies on different substituent groups at the nitrogen atoms of α‐bromoamides. From mechanism analysis, the spirooxindoles were constructed via elimination‐Michael‐Michael addition from N‐benzyloxy‐α‐bromoamides, while oxazolyloxindoles were achieved via cyclization‐Michael addition from N‐benzoyl‐α‐bromoamides, both of which cleverly combined the nucleophilic component formation and nucleophile‐triggered cascade reactions in one pot.
Eine Ca2+‐, Mg2+‐ und Zn2+‐basierte dendritische kontraktile Nanovorrichtung mit zwei pH‐abhängigen Bewegungsfunktionen
Authors: Stadler Adrian‐Mihail , Karmazin Lydia , Bailly Corinne
Published: October 2015

Eine kontraktile dendritische Bewegungsvorrichtung wird beschrieben, die durch die Einwirkung biologisch relevanter Metallionen (Ca2+ als die wichtigste chemische Spezies in der Signalgebung und Regulierung der natürlichen Muskelfunktion sowie Mg2+ und Zn2+) zwei Arten von Bewegungsfunktionen ausführen kann. Erstens, die durch Metallionen induzierte Kontraktion einer linearen Einheit in einen Z‐förmigen zweikernigen Komplex. Zweitens, die Höhenänderung der Z‐förmigen Komplexe durch Transmetallierung. Unter Zuhilfenahme des pH‐abhängigen tren‐Liganden können die beiden Bewegungsfunktionen der Maschine durch abwechselnde Zugabe von Säure und Base gesteuert werden. Die Umwandlung der linearen Form in den Z‐förmigen Komplex geht mit einer Farbänderung von gelb nach rot einher.
Robustness of journal rankings by network flows with different amounts of memory
Authors: Bohlin Ludvig , Viamontes Esquivel Alcides , Lancichinetti Andrea , Rosvall Martin
Published: October 2015

As the number of scientific journals has multiplied, journal rankings have become increasingly important for scientific decisions. From submissions and subscriptions to grants and hirings, researchers, policy makers, and funding agencies make important decisions influenced by journal rankings such as the ISI journal impact factor. Typically, the rankings are derived from the citation network between a selection of journals and unavoidably depend on this selection. However, little is known about how robust rankings are to the selection of included journals. We compare the robustness of three journal rankings based on network flows induced on citation networks. They model pathways of researchers navigating the scholarly literature, stepping between journals and remembering their previous steps to different degrees: zero‐step memory as impact factor, one‐step memory as Eigenfactor, and two‐step memory, corresponding to zero‐, first‐, and second‐order Markov models of citation flow between journals. We conclude that higher‐order Markov models perform better and are more robust to the selection of journals. Whereas our analysis indicates that higher‐order models perform better, the performance gain for higher‐order Markov models comes at the cost of requiring more citation data over a longer time period.
Adaptive Active Fault Tolerant Control for Discrete‐Time Systems with Uncertainties
Authors: Song Xiaoqi , Liu Chunsheng , Zhang Shaojie
Published: October 2015

An active fault‐tolerant control scheme for discrete‐time systems is proposed to solve a difficult problem of fault‐tolerant controller design in the presence of partial loss of actuator effectiveness faults and structural parameter uncertainties assumed to be matched, using adaptive control techniques to help a faster and more accurate compensation of failure and uncertainty. An automated fault estimation scheme is developed together with an adaptive model parameter identification to obtain system parameter estimates. With these estimates fed back to the system, a model reference adaptive controller is constructed to achieve a desired tracking performance. Since parameters are obtained and updated online, the control system has an automatic failure compensation capability so as to recognize or reconfigure the control law in real time in response to failure indications. The stability and convergence follow from discrete‐time Lyapunov arguments. Simulation results from the linearized lateral dynamics model of the Boeing 747 airplane are presented to show the efficiency of proposed methods.
A random forest application to contact‐state classification for robot programming by human demonstration
Authors: Cabras S. , Castellanos M. E. , Staffetti E.
Published: October 2015

This paper addresses the non‐parametric estimation of the stochastic process related to the classification problem that arises in robot programming by demonstration of compliant motion tasks. Robot programming by demonstration is a robot programming paradigm in which a human operator demonstrates the task to be performed by the robot. In such demonstration, several observable variables, such as velocities and forces can be modeled, non‐parametrically, in order to classify the current state of a contact between an object manipulated by the robot and the environment in which it operates. Essential actions in compliant motion tasks are the contacts that take place, and therefore, it is important to understand the sequence of contact states made during a demonstration, called contact classification. We propose a contact classification algorithm based on the random forest algorithm. The main advantage of this approach is that it does not depend on the geometric model of the objects involved in the demonstration. Moreover, it does not rely on the kinestatic model of the contact interactions. The comparison with state‐of‐the‐art contact classifiers shows that random forest classifier is more accurate. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Eye‐tracking Social Preferences
Authors: Jiang Ting , Potters Jan , Funaki Yukihiko
Published: October 2015

We hypothesize that if people are motivated by a particular social preference, then choosing in accordance with this preference will lead to an identifiable pattern of eye movements. We track eye movements while subjects make choices in simple three‐person distribution experiments. We characterize each choice in terms of three different types of social preferences: efficiency, maxi‐min, and envy. For the characterization, we use either the choice data or the eye movement data. The evidence indicates that distributional choices are broadly consistent with the choice rule implied by eye movements. In other words, what subjects appear to be interested in when you look at their choices corresponds to what they appear to be interested in when you look at their eye movements. This correspondence lends credibility to the behavioral relevance of social preferences models. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Capturing the multiple facets of mall experience: Developing and validating a scale
Authors: Gilboa Shaked , Vilnai‐Yavetz Iris , Chebat Jean Charles
Published: October 2015

Many constructs have been tied to the customer experience in shopping malls, including hedonic shopping motivations, activities, excitement, and emotional and cognitive reactions. Yet the literature has not addressed the notion of the mall experience as a construct in and of itself. The current research aim is to conceptualize the mall experience through the development and validation of a measurement scale. We present a four‐stage process of scale development and validation, based on three studies with four separate samples of mall shoppers, in which the final stage employs the scale to predict mall equity and loyalty. The suggested scale offers a quantitative measurement of four different mall experiences—seductive, functional, social recreation, and social scene—which differ in their components. This work extends theory in understanding, conceptualizing, and measuring the customer experience in the retail space. On the practical level, the developed scale can serve as a means for planning a mall's marketing mix and launching marketing campaigns in order to attract various groups of customers. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Never ever? Characteristics, outcomes and motivations of patients who abscond or escape: A 5‐year review of escapes and absconds from two medium and low secure forensic units
Authors: Mezey Gillian , Durkin Catherine , Dodge Liam , White Sarah
Published: October 2015

Background

Absconds and escapes by psychiatric patients from secure forensic psychiatric settings create public anxiety and are poorly understood.

Aims

To describe secure hospital patients who escape from within the secure perimeter or abscond, and test for differences between these groups.

Method

Escapes and absconds between 2008 and 2012 from the medium and low secure forensic psychiatric inpatient units of two London National Health Service Trusts were identified through the Trusts' databases. Demographic, offending, mental health and incident data were extracted from records for each.

Results

Seventy‐seven incidents, involving 54 patients, were identified over the five years. These were 13 escapes involving 12 patients, representing a rate of 0.04 per 1000 bed days, and 64 absconds involving 42 patients, a rate of 0.26 per 1000 bed days; 15 (28%) patients were absent without leave more than once. Over half of the patients came back voluntarily within 24 hours of leaving. Over 50% of them had drunk alcohol or taken drugs while away from the unit. Escapees were more likely to be transferred prisoners and to have planned their escape, less likely to return to the unit voluntarily and away longer than patients who absconded. Offending was rare during unauthorised leave—just three offences among the 77 incidents; self‐harm was more likely. Motives for absconding included: wanting freedom or drink or drugs, family worries and/or dissatisfaction with aspects of treatment.

Conclusions

Escapes or absconding from secure healthcare units have different characteristics, but may best be prevented by convergent strategies. Relational security is likely to be as important for foiling plans for the former as it is for reducing boredom, building strong family support and managing substance misuse in the latter. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Palladium‐Catalyzed Aminocarbonylation of Aliphatic Alkenes with N,N‐Dimethylformamide as an In Situ Source of CO
Authors: Seidensticker Thomas , Furst Marc R. L. , Frauenlob Robin , Vondran Johanna , Paetzold Eckhard , Kragl Udo , Vorholt Andreas J.
Published: October 2015

The palladium‐catalyzed aminocarbonylation of aliphatic alkenes is presented for the first time without the need for external CO pressure. N,N‐dimethylformamide (DMF) is used as an in situ source of both the required carbon monoxide and the amine substrate. The applied palladium catalytic system is well‐known for a number of carbonylation reactions, including those with CO surrogates and tandem isomerizing carbonylations. The reaction pathway was investigated and proved to proceed by an acid‐catalyzed DMF decomposition to CO and dimethyl amine with subsequent aminocarbonylation of the alkene. Pressure‐versus‐time curves gave more insight into the correlation between acid concentration and aminocarbonylation activity. Aliphatic alkenes (terminal and internal) are transformed, also in commercial glassware, into the corresponding linear N,N‐dimethylamides with excellent selectivities. Hence, amide synthesis by aminocarbonylation moves closer to application in standard organic laboratories.
Theoretical and Experimental Optimization of a New Amino Phosphite Ligand Library for Asymmetric Palladium‐Catalyzed Allylic Substitution
Authors: Magre Marc , Biosca Maria , Norrby Per‐Ola , Pàmies Oscar , Diéguez Montserrat
Published: October 2015

A new library of modular amino phosphite ligands obtained in a few synthetic steps from enantiopure amino alcohols has been tested in asymmetric Pd‐catalyzed allylic substitution. The modular ligand design is crucial to find highly selective catalysts for each substrate type using a wide range of C‐, N‐, and O‐nucleophiles. A DFT study of the species responsible for the enantiocontrol was used to optimize the ligand structure. By selecting the ligand components, we were able to identify unprecedented catalytic systems that can create new chiral C−C, C−N, and C−O bonds in a variety of substrate types (hindered and unhindered) in high yields and enantioselectivities (ee values up to 99 %). Further studies on the Pd‐π‐allyl intermediates provided a deep understanding of the effect of ligand structure in the origin of enantioselectivity. Potential applications of the new Pd/amino phosphite catalysts were demonstrated by the practical synthesis of a range of chiral carbocycles by simple tandem reactions, with no loss of enantioselectivity.
Three‐Dimensional Nitrogen‐Doped Hierarchical Porous Carbon as an Electrode for High‐Performance Supercapacitors
Authors: Tang Jing , Wang Tao , Salunkhe Rahul R. , Alshehri Saad M. , Malgras Victor , Yamauchi Yusuke
Published: October 2015

A facile and sustainable procedure for the synthesis of nitrogen‐doped hierarchical porous carbons with a three‐dimensional interconnected framework (NHPC‐3D) was developed. The strategy, based on a colloidal crystal‐templating method, utilizes nitrogenous dopamine as the precursor due to its unique properties, including self‐polymerization under mild alkaline conditions, coating onto various surfaces, a high carbonization yield, and well‐preserved nitrogen doping after heat treatment. The obtained NHPC‐3D possesses a high surface area of 1056 m2 g−1, a large pore volume of 2.56 cm3 g−1, and a high nitrogen content of 8.2 wt %. The NHPC‐3D is implemented as the electrode material of a supercapacitor and exhibits a specific capacitance as high as 252 F g−1 at a current density of 2 A g−1. The device also shows a high capacitance retention of 75.7 % at a higher current density of 20 A g−1 in aqueous electrolyte due to a sufficient surface area for charge accommodation, reversible pseudocapacitance, and minimized ion‐transport resistance, as a result of the advantageous interconnected hierarchical porous texture. These results showcase NHPC‐3D as a promising candidate for electrode materials in supercapacitors.
Improving financial computation speed with full and subproblem memoization
Authors: Moreno Alexander , Balch Tucker
Published: October 2015

Analysts prototyping trading strategies often reuse previously computed values: both full problems and subproblems. Avoiding recomputing these would increase productivity. We built a memoization library that caches function computations to files to avoid recomputation. This should minimize the need for users to think about whether caching is appropriate while giving them control over speed, accuracy, and space usage. Guo and Engler built an automatic memoization library by modifying the Python interpreter, while jug and joblib are distributed computing libraries that do memoization. Our library attempts to maintain the ease of use of these libraries while offering a higher degree of control of how caching is carried out. It allows control of space usage for individual functions and all memoization, refreshing memoization for a specific function, and accuracy checking, and uses faster hashing and provides a divide and conquer approach to reuse previously computed subproblems. We show that for Markowitz optimization, Fama–French, and the singular value decomposition, memoization using our library greatly speeds up recomputation, often by over 99% versus no memoization and over 80% versus joblib. We also show how a divide‐and‐conquer memoization approach can give large speedups for sorting. Published 2015. This article is a U.S. Government work and is in the public domain in the USA.
Ternary Amides Containing Transition Metals for Hydrogen Storage: A Case Study with Alkali Metal Amidozincates
Authors: Cao Hujun , Richter Theresia M. M. , Pistidda Claudio , Chaudhary Anna‐Lisa , Santoru Antonio , Gizer Gökhan , Niewa Rainer , Chen Ping , Klassen Thomas , Dornheim Martin
Published: October 2015

The alkali metal amidozincates Li4[Zn(NH2)4](NH2)2 and K2[Zn(NH2)4] were, to the best of our knowledge, studied for the first time as hydrogen storage media. Compared with the LiNH2–2 LiH system, both Li4[Zn(NH2)4](NH2)2–12 LiH and K2[Zn(NH2)4]–8 LiH systems showed improved rehydrogenation performance, especially K2[Zn(NH2)4]–8 LiH, which can be fully hydrogenated within 30 s at approximately 230 °C. The absorption properties are stable upon cycling. This work shows that ternary amides containing transition metals have great potential as hydrogen storage materials.