bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Isolation, Population, and Selection of Phosphate Solubilizing Bacteria from Acid Soils of Institut Teknologi Sumatera’s Region, Lampung
Authors: Asril M , Lisafitri Y , Niswati A , Dirmawati S R
Published: October 2021

Ultisol, which is acidic soil, is widely distributed in Indonesia, especially Sumatera Island. The characteristics of acidic ultisol make the presence of phosphate available in the soil deficient. This condition is caused by soil pH, which is very influential in phosphate availability in the soil. In acidic conditions, phosphate (P) binds to Fe or Al. Plants highly need the availability of phosphate in the soil. This condition is because phosphate is a nutrient that is needed by plants. Phosphate solubilizing bacteria are soil microbes that can improve P’s availability in acid soils by dissolving P that is bound to other metals. This study aims to obtain indigenous phosphate solubilizing bacteria from acid soils located in the Institut Teknologi Sumatera (ITERA). The study was conducted from April to June 2019, which included isolation of phosphate solubilizing bacteria from the soil, a test of the ability of phosphate dissolution on Pikovskaya medium, and pathogenicity test on potato tubers. The results showed that there were 35-74 x 105 cfu/g of soil samples. Seventeen isolates were obtained, which were able to use phosphate in the medium. Of the seventeen isolates, there were four potential isolates with the highest phosphate solubility index, namely EF.NAP 1 (1.2143), EF.NA3 (1,100), EF.NAP 4 (0.8616) and EF.NAP 9 (0.7188). Isolates have the best phosphate solubilizing index on the 6th day to the 7th day. The four potential isolates were not pathogenic in pathogenicity testing using potato tubers. These four isolates can be used to isolate candidates to improve the availability of phosphorus in the soil needed by plants in the ITERA region.
Development of an Internet of Things Based Volcano Monitoring System
Authors: Evita Maria , Irham Hamidan , Aminah Nina Siti , Kane Hansel , Srigutomo Wahyu , Meilano Irwan , Setiawan Ari , Suryanto Wiwit , Wahyudi  , Suyanto Imam , Darmawan Herlan , Yasin Mohammad , Apsari Retna , Irzaman  , Perdinan  , Putra Heriyansyah , Djamal Mitra
Published: October 2021

Indonesia has the highest number of active volcano all over the world. There were 63 eruptions with more than 70000 casualties from last year eruptions. To minimize the effect of this disaster, we have developed a volcano early warning system for Indonesian volcano. The main part of the system is volcano monitoring system. A system based on Internet of Things (IoT) has been developed to monitor some activities of a volcano. The physical parameters of these activities are indicated by the changing of temperature, gases (sulphur dioxide and carbon dioxide) concentration, vibration and landslides. The system consists of these parameter sensors, a microcontroller, a solar cell and a Long Range Radio (LoRa) for data transmission to the base station. The system has been tested in laboratory environment for the solar cell, sensors and radio communication. The solar cell could generate 18.81 Volt voltage and 0.23 Ampere current. The temperature sensor has been calibrated for until 51°C measurement (volcano normal condition), while the gas sensor could properly detect the gas until 8 ppm according to the calibration result. After Fast Fourier Transform (FFT) analysis the vibration sensor detected almost zero frequency with 0.168 m/s2, 0.0168 m/s2 and 1.125 m/s2 X, Y and Z axis zero offset respectively. In addition, the landslide had maximum about 4° degraded land slope error. Moreover, only 4% (maximum) percentage error rate (PER) shown by the radio for about 400 m data communication. Furthermore, the physical parameter data acquired then be real-time displayed using Node-red dashboard which can be accessed by the user or other parties who need the information.
Application of UAV (Unmanned Aerial Vehicle) Photogrammetry for Forest Fire Early Detection System
Authors: Evita Maria , Seno Sensius , Zakiyyatuddin Azka , Muid Abdul , Djamal Mitra
Published: October 2021

Indonesia has 15 big potential forest fires locations which destroyed twice the area annually. Moreover, there are almost 20 fire points for each location which increase gradually according to the satellite images of LAPAN (Lembaga Penerbangan dan Antariksa Nasional - National Institute of Aeronautics and Space of Indonesia). Therefore, some monitoring and early warning system for this disaster are needed to minimize the loss and damage of forest ecosystem, smoke exposure to human respiratory system, aviation business, and some forest related industries. Unmanned Aerial Vehicle (UAV) technology could be proposed as the alternative to solve this problem. The forest is monitored by an UAV, in other hand it could be used for image data acquisition to construct 2D and 3D maps for further analysis of the early warning system. The images of sampling location had been taken by an UAV - DJI Phantom 4 Pro which automatically controlled by a flight plan using Pix4D Capture and processed by Pix4D Mapper. The sampling location took place in different areas: near a building, few km squares of campus area consists of building-vegetation combination, and three forest locations in two active volcanoes. The maps with Ground Sample Distance (GSD) under 3 cm/pixel result in under 1% error for X, Y and Z of 2D and 3D constructed maps. The maps also show an important finding where the movement object could be detected, which potential to be applied for fire evolution detection of a forest fire early warning system.
Forest Fire Alert System
Authors: Iqbal Mauludi M. , Aminah N. S. , Budiman M.
Published: October 2021

Recently, forest fire cases have often occurred in Indonesia. Besides efforts to prevent the forest fires, there is also a need for a good mitigation system. Mitigation is an effort made so that the impact of disasters can be minimized. In this research, a prototype of forest fire alert system will be built. This system will be based on IoT and focus on prediction of forest fire positioning. Temperature data as a basis prediction data obtained from the DHT11 temperature sensor which is transmitted by NodeMCU v3 towards Raspberry Pi 3B utilizes the Message Queuing protocol Telemetry Transport (MQTT) will be displayed on a webpage provided by Node-Red Dashboard. The webpage accessible to authorities to take actions needed to deal with forest fires.
The Vulnerability of Settlements in The Areas Impacted by Lapindo Mudflow Disaster, Sidoarjo
Authors: Ekawati June , Sulistyowati Eny
Published: October 2021

The Lapindo Hot Mudflow Disaster is a disaster case that occurred in 2006 in Sidoarjo Regency, East Java, and has become a hot issue at the national, even international level. After 14 years, it turns out that until now the impact of the disaster has not completely subsided. The settlements that were impacted by the mudflow disaster but still inhabited by the community looked vulnerable because many were damaged, cracked and the floors slowly subsided due to land subsidence. This study aims to determine the level of vulnerability of community settlements in areas impacted by the Lapindo mudflow disaster, which uses quantitative analysis methods by collecting data using questionnaires in 3 study villages, namely Glagaharum Village, Gedang Village and Kalitengah Village. The results of research data analysis using scoring techniques using 2 formulas as well as Statistic Descriptives and Means Plots show that the three villages have a moderate level of vulnerability and Kalitengah village has the highest level of vulnerability. The results of data analysis with the Kruskal Wallis statistical test show that the Village Location factor has a significant effect on the Vulnerability Level in this study, which means that the closer the village is to the mud embankment, the level of vulnerability will also increase. From the results of this vulnerability study, data on the condition and availability of disaster emergency infrastructure, which is part of the adaptive capacity variable, still needs to be improved, because it can be a factor in reducing the level of vulnerability to support disaster risk reduction programs and strengthening community resilience to disaster that may arise in the future.
Landslide Disaster Engineering in Tourism Potential Area
Authors: Aji Riswandha Risang , Faniza Visilya , Tarlani  , Damayanti Verry
Published: October 2021

Regional developments in Indonesia have much potential to sustain regional living and environment, especially in tourism. Some regional areas have natural resources such as panoramic landscape, coastal zone, agricultural area, forest, rivers, waterfall, and even natural theme park as their selling point which become a tourism trend. However, these regions also face the risk of the excessive exploitation of natural resources. One of the risks found in the highland region, where the main attraction point is the landscape view, yet it is most likely to be vulnerable to the landslide. To prevent a natural disaster such as landslide, disaster engineering is one of the solutions. This research aims to develop suitable disaster engineering for regional with tourism potential as its main development sector. Certain articles are reviewed thoroughly to get the conclusion of what is the most suitable disaster engineering for regional development. The result of the research shows that disaster risk prevention is the most important aspect and possibly can be done by vegetation, infrastructure, and landscape engineering. In conclusion, regional development that uses natural resources utilisation in the highland region for panoramic-based tourism and landslide disaster prevention must be work simultaneously.
The Coastal Hydrodynamics Analysis in The Lampung Bay
Authors: Achiari Hendra , Nurisman Nanda , Ahmad Ayu Libiaty , Setiawati Endang
Published: October 2021

The waves play a major role in the hydrodynamics of the sea, which they are very influential on human activities in the ocean. Thus, the knowledge of the waves conditions can provide many advantages, this is a challenge for marine experts in modeling ocean dynamics. The coastal area of Lampung Bay is one of the most densely populated areas in Bandar Lampung. The economic situation in the coastal area of Lampung Bay has been developing for a long time, this can be seen from the many old buildings in the coastal area. The existence of extreme waves in Lampung Bay can be as a concern for determining disaster mitigation planning and zoning around Lampung Bay. Based on the result of tidal analysis using the formzhal number equation, it is known that the type of tides in the research sites is mixed (semi-diurnal dominant) tidal type. According to simulating model of the wave characteristics in Lampung Bay, the sea characteristics can be divided into two, namely slight sea for deep waters of Lampung Bay with a wave height of 0 - 1.25 meters, and moderate sea for waters at the mouth of Lampung Bay with a wave heights of 1.25 - 2.5 meters.
Reliability Analysis of Revetments near Canti Pier, South Lampung
Authors: Gelfi Mustarakh , Fauzi Muhammad Aldhiansyah Rifqi , Devina Savna
Published: October 2021

Canti pier is located in Southern Lampung and faces the Sunda strait water areas. Locals use this pier sailing to Sebesi island, and tourists need it as the closest starting point from the mainland to explore Krakatoa’s natural reserve. As a volcano tsunami occurred last December of 2018, Canti was one of the affected locations. Previous study shows measured wave height of 3-7 m in Way Muli and Kahai beach, located around 10 km from Canti. Field observation clearly shows the damaged concrete structure of the T-shaped Canti pier’s end tip due to the tsunami. This research focuses on analyzing the reliability of the north and south revetments of the Canti pier that still exists using statistic and probability methods. Van der Meer’s rock stability formula is adopted as the basis of determining the Limit State Function (LSF). For the reliability method, the FORM (First Order Reliability Method) is applied and produces the probability of failure of the revetment’s system during particular designed service times. The result shows that the northern revetment is relatively more robust than the southern revetment as its probability of failure is slightly lower. The expected failure probabilities are acceptable during regular operation for both revetments (less than 15%). If there is a stormy condition, the chance of collapse south revetment is relatively higher. One could also foresee the total collapse of revetments if tsunami waves attack. This condition also describes the 2018 tsunami wave height in Canti is much lower than in Way Muli since this area is sheltered by some islands, such as Sebuku and Sebesi. To conclude, considering the normal wave condition, the revetment’s structures are still reliable. However, if extreme waves occur, the revetments’ reliability is noticeably low or even unreliable (tsunami waves).
Classification of Rock Mineral in Field X based on Spectral Data (SWIR & TIR) using Supervised Machine Learning Methods
Authors: Pane S A , Sihombing F M H
Published: October 2021

The massive development of science and technology in the industrial era 4.0 includes artificial intelligence, which is purposed to produce research output in the field of geology more accurately and can be completed in a short time using large amounts of data. Machine learning is a part of artificial intelligence that can provide learning processes on computers independently without explicit programming. The process of identifying rocks through classification can be done using machine learning. The study area is in the Manjimup region, Western Australia which consists of Volcanogenic Massive Sulphide (VMS) deposits. This study purposed to determine the classification of rock minerals using accuracy values from the evaluation of models generated using supervised machine learning based on spectral data, namely Short-Wavelength Infrared (SWIR), and Mid or Thermal Infrared (TIR) acquired from electromagnetic spectrum measurements to identify rock mineral features. The spectral data comes from five rock drilling data in the study area. The supervised machine learning method used to determine the best accuracy consists of 5 types of methods, which are K-Nearest Neighbors (K-NN), Support Vector Machine (SVM), Decision Tree (DT), Random Forest (RF), and Multi-layer Perceptron (MLP). Machine learning is completed by supervised method because the research data contains information about label data, which is the type of rock mineral so that it can produce a classification based on the level of accuracy for each type of rock mineral data. The SVM method produces the best accuracy on SWIR data with 82.5% accuracy and the MLP method produces the best accuracy on TIR data with 82% accuracy for rock mineral classification.
Study of Ash and Total Moisture Effects on Calorific Value in Coal Seam at West Banko Field, PT. Bukit Asam, Tbk., Tanjung Enim, South Sumatra
Authors: Amriansyah M A , Sihombing F M H
Published: October 2021

In the coal mining industry, the coal quality is as crucial as the coal quantity because it can impact the coal usefulness. The quality of coal itself can be influenced by several factors, such as moisture content, ash, sulfur, and volatile matter. This study tries to understand the coal quality and its variation in the Muara Enim Formation of South Sumatra Basin. The research was conducted in the West Banko field, PT. Bukit Asam, Tbk., Tanjung Enim, South Sumatra. By using linear regression, this study found that increasing ash and total moisture content will lead to a decreasing amount of the calorific value. Additionally, the value of coal quality content such as ash and total moisture can be affected by the depositional environment, sedimentation rate, and coal characteristics in the study area thus affecting the calorific value. Transitional lower delta plain depositional environment with low sedimentation rate and coarsening upward sandstone sequence indicates lower ash and total moisture content in the study area. The highest calorific value found in the study area is in C1 seam, this can be seen from the ash quality and total moisture distribution map which inversely proportional to the calorific value.
Paleozoic basin indication at south of Papua, Indonesia
Authors: Ramli Taufik , Saleh Hanif Mersil , Nurdiana Indra , Fakhruddin Rakhmat
Published: October 2021

Eastern Indonesia Paleozoic basin to recent is still an under-explored basin. The study about this oldest sediment sequence is needed to be done because, in Australia, this sequence is already producing hydrocarbon in several basins, known as the Larapintine petroleum system. This paper is subjected to present Paleozoic sediment occurrence in the south of the Papua area, from outcrop, several wells penetrated this unit and from seismic data. Furthermore, this paper aims to construct a geological schematic diagram in the south of the Papua area. Identified Paleozoic rocks in the southern Papua area are Pre-Permian sequence, consist of Otomona Formation (Late Proterozoic–Cambrian), Tuaba Formation (Ordovician) and Modio Formation (Silurian–Devonian), and Aiduna Formation (Late Carboniferous–Permian) from the Permian–Triassic sequence. Otomona Formation was deposited at the submarine fan environment while the Tuaba Formation was deposited in a shallow marine shelf setting. Modio Formation was deposited at shallow marine to shelf environment, and Aiduna Formation was accumulated at deltaic setting. Paleozoic basin occurred from Arafura sea to onshore of southern Papua with a thickness of up to 5 seconds. This unit’s potential trap is the gentle anticline with geometry up to 8 km long and stratigraphic trap top lap with the unit above it.
Structural Control of Primary Tin Mineralization (Case Study: Parit Tiga, West Bangka Regency, Bangka Belitung)
Authors: Oktaviani Alya Dhiya , Dewi Disa Kurnia , Sihombing Felix Mulia Hasudungan
Published: October 2021

Tins are important commodities of metal mineral deposits in Bangka and have been mined since the seventeenth century. The research aims to determine the characteristics of primary tin mineralization in Parit Tiga, West Bangka Regency, Bangka Belitung and the control of geological structures on mineralization. Rock samples were obtained from geological mapping and analyzed using X-Ray Diffraction (XRD), X-Ray Fluorescence (XRF), petrography, and mineragraphy method. From the analysis, the alteration can be divided into four zones: quartz + tourmaline alteration, quartz + halloysite + chlorite + pyrophyllite alteration, quartz + illite alteration, and quartz + kaolinite + chlorite + dickite alteration. The cassiterite, hematite, and pyrite are found in the mineralization zone associated with the greisen deposit. Based on the structural analysis data conducted on the normal left slip fault, the shear stress has an orientation of NE-SW and resulting in the forming of NW-SE gash fractures. These gash fractures have been filled by quartz and the tourmaline as disseminated minerals. The distribution of mineralization and alteration are found adjacent to the sheeted quartz-tourmaline veins. The dominated-tin concentration in ore deposits has the same orientation as the fault structure. These infer that the mineralization and alteration in the research area are controlled by geological structure.
Comparison of Scanline and Photogrammetry Survey for Natural Fracture Analysis, Study Case: Jatiluhur Formation and Subang Formation, Bogor
Authors: Fadhillah F.R. , Bagaskara M.F. , Augusty D.G. , Sihombing F.M.H. , Indraswari A.O.
Published: October 2021

This research tries to compare the result of fracture measurement using the scanline as conventional method and photogrammetry method to understand the advantages of each method. This comparison is important to understand the benefit of using the photogrammetry for fracture study compared to the conventional method. The study area is located at three fractured outcrops of Jatiluhur Formation and Subang Formation at Cipamingkis river, Bogor. Two hundred fracture data from the scanline method and 215 aerial photos were collected for the analysis. The analysis found there are three main fracture sets in the study area, namely the Northwest – Southeast (NW-SE), Northeast – Southwest (NE-SW), and East-West (E-W). When measured at the same location, no significant difference in the orientation of the fracture sets can be found between both methods. However, the two different methods give a significantly different result on the fracture density calculation (P10). This difference was caused by the lithological characteristic variation, where it influences the ability to identify fracture from a distance. Additionally, the photogrammetric method enables the better identification of shear fractures and joints pattern that associated with the fold. Therefore, this study concludes that both methods are complementing each other on the natural fracture study. The scanline method is optimal for fracture density measurement, while photogrammetry is better for identification of fracture orientation and pattern in a relatively larger area.
Preliminary Result : Classification of Soil Using Fundamental Frequency and Vs30m
Authors: Fattah Erlangga Ibrahim , Pratiwie Melda , Januarta Gabrio Hikma , Tohari Adrin , Yudistira Tedi , Gultaf Hikmadhan
Published: October 2021

Geologically, Ngamprah – Padalarang is located above Lembang Fault which stretched from east to west of Bandung, with a length of 29 Km. therefore, to understand disaster risk around the area, a seismic microzonation study is needed. Microtremor measurement has been done in 21 locations around Ngamprah, West Bandung. Microtremor measurement is a passive seismic method that utilizes natural vibration so it can provide a fundamental frequency of microtremor data and can be applied to understand the lithology of the local site area. Furthermore, the fundamental frequency can be used to obtain Vs30m and correlate it to Eurocode 8 for classification of soil type. The result has shown, the fundamental frequency at Ngamprah around 3 – 4 Hz, meanwhile, we found an anomaly of high frequency around 9 – 11 Hz at Cimeta River. Low frequencies correlated to deep sedimentation meanwhile high frequencies may correlated to Lembang Fault Segment Cimeta which cut through Cimeta River and also indicated as slow sedimentation. In addition to that, VS30m obtained from fundamental frequency show around Cimeta river has high velocity (550 m/s) meanwhile at Ngamprah area is low velocity < 400 m/s . High velocity is indicated as very dense sand or very stiff clay meanwhile low velocity indicates deep deposits of gravel or stiff clay with thickness several tens to hundreds of meters.
Analysis of Geomagnetic and Geoelectric Data to Identify the Potential of Gold Deposits (Case Study: Randu Kuning, Wonogiri, Central Java)
Authors: Chaidir Fauzi Yul , Puspita Okta Dwi , Rumahorbo Gilvandro , Hamdalah Hafiz
Published: October 2021

The gold deposit of the low sulfidation epithermal system at the Randu Kuning prospect, Wonogiri, Central Java is the effect of magmatism during the Oligocene due to microdiorite intrusion. The magmatism causes a mineralization process that fills the fractures in the rock. The mineralized of ores that formed in the study area are pyrite, chalcopyrite, sphalerite, galena, electrum and native gold, magnetite and hematite. The appropriate geophysical method to this case study is using the geomagnetic and geoelectric Induced Polarization method. The application of the geomagnetic method aims to delineate mineralized zones and geological structures as channel way for hydrothermal fluids. The results of the geomagnetic method are in the form of a map of Total Magnetic Intensity carried out by filters such as Reduce to Pole (RTP) - High pass (HP) and Horizontal Gradient (HG). The west side of RTP - HP anomaly shows a low response of -4.9 to -0.8 nT due to intensely mineralized rock and the presence of fractures. The comparison between RTP - HP anomaly and HG anomaly shows the suitability due to intense mineralization which reduces the fault anomaly. A high HG value area of 0.001-0.0017 nT/m is interpreted as a mineralized fault. This can be seen from the alteration map which shows the continuity of veins from measurements in the field. The application of the geoelectric Induced Polarization method aims to identify associated mineral of gold vertically subsurface. Based on the results of geoelectric Induced Polarization data shows that there are chalcopyrite minerals at a depth of 20-30 m with a chargeability of 4-9 msec which is located in intrusion of igneous rock with a resistivity >200 Ωm. Based on geomagnetic geoelectric data, it can identify potential gold deposits in the Randu Kuning area, Wonogiri, Central Java.
Improving Quality of Microtremor Data with Application of Empirical Mode Decomposition Method, Case Study: East Tanjung Karang, Bandar Lampung
Authors: Ipmawan Vico Luthfi , Permanasari Ikah N. P. , Suhendi Cahli
Published: October 2021

Microtremor can be used for determining ground dynamical characteristic. We have measured microtremor data in East Tanjung Karang, Bandar Lampung. Collecting proper data in some urban areas like East Tanjung Karang is a difficult work because it produced data with a lot of transient signal caused by many human activities and industrial work. One of method to removed transient signal is Empirical Decomposite Method (EMD). EMD decompose an input signal (in time series) into several intrinsic mode functions (IMF) and a residual function. We made the first synthetic signal contained frequency with 1, 10, 20, and 30 Hz. EMD method was applied to the signal and obtained some Instrinsic Mode Function (IMF). IMF 1 has some frequency peaks that are 10, 20, and 30 Hz with power spectral density (PSD) amplitude 0.2, 0.9, and 1 W/Hz respectively. The second synthetic signal contained same frequency with the first one butbut the amplitude was 1, 1, 10, and 50 m. The results in IMF 1 from the second signal still have some peaks but spectral density in 10 Hz increases from 1 W/Hz (before applied EMD) to ±5 W/Hz (after applied EMD, in IMF 1). We applied EMD method also to Y1, Y2, and Y8 microtremor data. We remove IMF 1 or IMF 2 from the original data. The results are the removed IMF 1 data has less spike or transient signal in microtremor time series, but the removed IMF 2 data did not have significant change from the original microtremor. We sugested that higher IMF number, lower the dominant frequency. IMF cannot be related as a single oscillatory source because the result showed that IMF content more than one frequency peak. Removing IMF 1 produced by EMD method can improving quality of micrtremor data because it remove some transient data. This transient can be related to noise in higher frequency that originated locally. it can also decrease maximum standard deviation of HVSR curve. This study revealed revealed that removed IMF 1 data is has less change for both fundamental frequency and amplification factor than removed IMF 2 data in HVSR Curve.
Recent Sedimentary Deposit and Dynamics Sedimentation Analysis at Teluk Betung Using GPR Interpretation and Core Data
Authors: Febriansanu Dicko Rizky , Huseina Angga Ahya , Paembonan Andri Yadi
Published: October 2021

Lampung Bay is an area with a busy shipping traffic from port of Panjang and port of Teluk Betung. There are several river contain sediments and sedimented in Teluk Betung area. By conducting a research in this area, we can determine the sediment depositional system. The research method that will be used is the analysis of sediment deposition profiles from core data and interpretation from Ground Penetrating Radar (GPR). From sedimentary analysis, older sediments have a clay to coarse sand with relatively firm contact with coarsening upward patterns. In the top, they have a medium to clay with a fining upward pattern. The existence of a relatively thick clay layer indicates a relatively marginal depositional environment. These clay layers may form in the lower subtidal environment and gradually change to the upper intertidal environment until supratidal. This can be seen from the GPR result which show the sediment boundary. The GPR profiles confirm that the upper part mostly contains the sand or clay sand with sea water intrusion which has high conductivity and dielectric permittivity . The deeper zone could not well interpreted due to lack of the sediment information, but they show the contact of the sediment layers with different amplitude.
The Composition Of Coconut Fibers And Tofu Pulp As A Growing Media Of Oyster Mushrooms (Pleurotus ostreatus)
Authors: Taskirawati Ira , Sari Winda , Lebang Gracelia Katerien , Nurharis Muh , Abadi Eko Indriyanto , Baharuddin
Published: October 2021

Mushrooms are one type of Non-Timber Forest Product (NTFP) that can use as an alternative food. With the growing development of mushroom cultivation, especially oyster mushrooms, it is necessary to provide an alternative planting medium other than sawdust. Lignocellulose sources other than wood should try as an alternative to growing media, such as coconut fibers. Besides lignocellulose, fungal growth also requires a source of protein. This research offers another option as a source of nutrition, namely tofu pulp. This study aims to obtain the best composition of coconut fibers and tofu pulp as an oyster mushroom growth medium. The method used in this research is mixing the raw materials (cultivation media), raw material sterilization, inoculation, maintenance, and harvesting. There are six treatments in mixing raw materials, namely coconut fibers and rice bran (P1); coconut fibers and tofu pulp (P2); sawdust and bran (P3); sawdust and tofu pulp (P4); coconut fibers, sawdust and rice bran (P5); coconut fibers, sawdust, and tofu pulp (P6). This study provides the following results: for the observation of cultivation medium closure by mycelium, treatments P2 and P4 were not significantly different, but both have significantly different from other treatments. The same results also are shown in the observation of pinhead growth and harvesting of mushrooms. Meanwhile, the weight of fresh mushrooms harvested did not significantly affect all treatments. P6 is the best treatment composition to be used as a medium for growing oyster mushrooms.
Simulation of Microencapsulation Avocado Seeds Oil by Spray Drying
Authors: Salsabilah Naqiyyah , Karuniahaj Marwa Efira , Kautsar Duhaul Biqal , Suari Ni Made Intan Putri , Setyawan Heru , Nurtono Tantular , Widiyastuti
Published: October 2021

Drying air inlet temperature is one of the critical variables in the microencapsulation process by spray drying. However, when spray drying is carried out at inappropriate drying air inlet temperature, it can impact the particle produced. This study presents a simulation of spray drying from a mathematical model was developed to determine the effect of drying air inlet temperature on moisture content, particle diameter, particle density, and drying air outlet temperature in the microencapsulation process of avocado seeds oil as core materials and gum arabic as wall materials. For this aim, the mathematical model was developed then simulated using a matrix laboratory (Matlab) computer program with Euler numerical method for drying air inlet temperatures of 160, 180, and 200 °C. The selected model was validated with Cotabarren’s experimental results indicating the model was acceptable. The particles’ moisture contents predicted from simulation results are 1.170, 1.049, and 0.933 kg water/kg solid for 160, 180, and 200 °C, respectively. On the other hand, the predicted particle diameters are 29.73, 29.49, and 29.23 urn for 160, 180, and 200 °C, respectively. The predicted particle densities are 1215.72, 1225.21, and 1233.25 kg/m3 for 160, 180, and 200 °C, respectively. The prediction of drying air outlet temperatures was 39.76, 41.94, and 43.89 °C for inlet air temperatures of 160, 180, and 200 °C, respectively. The proposed models’ simulation results show that the higher temperatures caused lower particle moisture content, smaller particle diameter, and higher particle density. Also, the outlet drying air temperatures were always the same as the outlet particle temperatures.
Analysis of The Impact of Biochar Application on Soil Fertility and Productivity
Authors: Anika Nova , Marpaung David Septian Sumanto , Bindar Yazid
Published: October 2021

The increase agricultural production through intensification and extensification programs does not only provide solutions to food security, but it raises several challenges in sustainable production. In addition to increasing greenhouse emissions which have an impact on global warming, increased production also escalate the production of biomass waste. Although biomass waste is more environmentally friendly than oil-based waste, without proper treatment, this solid waste will have a negative impact on the environment and the sustainability of agricultural production. The conversion of biomass waste into new technology must be adapted to the characteristics of the biomass. Several studies have shown that biomass waste has the potential to be converted into products of higher value such as biochar. Biochar is a material converted from organic waste or agricultural / plantation waste that is rich in carbon, used to increase soil productivity . The long-term advantage of biochar application for the availability of plant nutrients is related to the high stability of organic carbon. The effectiveness of biochar application depends on the biochar production process, the amount of biochar that applied, the soil characteristic, the type of crop being cultivated.
Temperature and Heating Time of Forming Process of Nanofibrils of Whey Protein Isolate
Authors: Warji W , Purwanti N , Mardjan S S , Yuliani S
Published: October 2021

Nanofibrils are nano-sized fibers. One of the materials that can be used to make nanofibrils is whey protein isolate. Nanofibrils can be formed by heating whey protein isolate at a certain temperature and for a certain duration. This study examines the effect of heating temperature and heating time on the formation of nanofibrils. WPI was formed into nanofibrils by heating the WPI solutions at 70 °C, 80 °C and 90 °C for 0, 2, 4, 6, 8, 10, 12, 14, 16, 18 and 20 hours. WPI nanofibrils in the solutions is observed by placing the solutions in between a cross-polariser. Based on the results of the study, it shows that heating at 70 °C was observed for 2 to 20 hours and did not form nanofibrils whey protein isolate. The nanofibrils were formed for heating at 80 °C for 4 hours, but the population was still small; along with the length of heating the population of nanofibrils is increasing. Heating at 90 °C for 2 hours the nanofibrils began to form; the population is increasing along with the length of heating. Based on the image, the nanofibrils heating at 80 °C is similar to 90 °C heating. Heating 80 °C is sufficient for the process of forming whey protein nanofibrils.
Effects of Heat Treatment on The Wettability and Color Properties of Betung Bamboo (Dendrocalamus Asper) Strand
Authors: Sipahutar Wahyu Solafide , Maulana Sena , Augustina Sarah , Murda Rio Ardiansyah , Bindar Yazid
Published: October 2021

Betung bamboo(Dendrocalamus Asper)has recently attracted interest as a sustainable reinforcement fiber in (polymer) composite materials. Utilization of bamboo has an advantages and disadvantages. It has a short growth cycle, lightweight, and good mechanical properties, but with poor wettability, dimensional instability, and low resistance againts biodeterioration agent. Some efforts have been devoted to alter and enhance its properties, especially wettability properties. Heat treatment under various temperature can enhance wettability properties due to chemical changes and migration of extractives, but also can induce color changes. Therefore, this study aims to investigate wettability properties and color changes of heat-treated Betung bamboo strand. The 1/3 middle of Betung bamboo was used as main material and converted into strand. Heat treatment temperatures applied were 140oC and 160oC for 3 hours. The wettability of Phenol Formaldehyde (PF) adhesive on heat treated Betung bamboo strand was measured using a sessile drop contact angle method. Constant contact angle and K-value were used as parameter of wettability. Color change of heat-treated Betung bamboo strand was measured by portable color difference meter model CDX 105 and characterized by CIE Lab. Results showed that the increasing temperature of heat treatment affected wettability and color properties. Contact angle tended to increase with an increase of temperature which is indicated an enhancement of wettability by making wood more hydrophobic. Increasing of temperature made Betung bamboo strand to be darker than that of control sample. Total color change (AE) values were 21.06 and 29.23 at 140 and 160 oC, respectively.
Study of mass transfer in liquid desiccant for dehumidifiers packed by using conventional wooden slats
Authors: Wisnu I , Idrus Alhamid M. , Nasruddin N , Lubis A , Septian K , Hafizh A
Published: October 2021

To reduce electricity consumption, heating ventilation from the airconditioning sector focuses on developing alternative solution electrically-driven vapour-compression system. The liquid desiccant air-conditioning system represents energy efficiency. It is more environmentally friendly as an alternative technology for the dehumidification process, especially in cases with high latent loads to maintain air quality under reduced conditions for comfortable. This technology is more efficient than the vapour compression system in hot and humid climates like Indonesia. This study carries out an experimental investigation to find out how much moisture removal with using a liquid desiccant to absorb humidity in the air and to know general types of correlations for heat and mass transfer in the contactor for the air solution. In this experiment, liquid desiccant will be passed through wooden slats to determine the physical and thermophysical properties of the air. The general equation will be verified by the experimental results using a curve that fits this expected. The result is a decrease in the humidity in the air. It is known from the amount of moisture absorbed by the drying liquid, and the highest is 336.49 g / s and the lowest is 19 g / s. So it can be concluded that the drying liquid that is exposed to air and passing through wooden slats effective removes moisture.
Effects of Bioadditives and Commercial Additive on the Performance and Exhaust Emissions of a Gasoline Engine
Authors: Prahmana Rico Aditia
Published: October 2021

One of our era’s greatest scourges is air pollution, on account not only of its impact on climate change but also its impact on public and individual health due to increasing morbidity and mortality. However, future climate change may exacerbate such human health impacts by increasing the frequency and duration of weather conditions that enhance the exposure to air pollution. Jakarta’s expanding fleet of motor vehicles is a key target of urgently needed actions to curb the hazardous air pollution in the city. This paper highlights the technologies and policies to reduce direct emissions from new and in-use cars, trucks, and buses in the city. Such policies, coupled with the promotion of mass transit, non-motorized transport, and other smart growth measures aimed at reducing transport demand, can significantly diminish the adverse effects of transportation on local air quality and public health in Jakarta, and spur similar actions across Indonesia. One of them is the addition of bioadditives (essential oils) and commercial additives that are widely sold in the market. In this study, the effects of essential oils (citronella oil and clove oil) as bioadditives and commercial additive on the performance and exhaust emissions of a single-cylinder, four-stroke gasoline engine was investigated, where both oils were blended with gasoline with a research octane number of 88. Based on the results, the maximum reduction in fuel consumption (33.33%) was obtained at an engine load of 43% when pure gasoline (G88) was blended with 0.1% of citronella oil and 0.1% of clove oil. This test fuel was labelled as BA2. The average reduction in fuel consumption was 18.54% for this test fuel. The thermal efficiency of the BA2 blend was higher even though it had the lowest volumetric efficiency compared with other blends. The unburned hydrocarbon (HC) and carbon monoxide emissions for the G88 fuel were 7 ppm and 0.202%, respectively, whereas the values were 20 ppm and 0.289%, respectively for the G88 fuel blended with Cleanoz commercial additive (CA1 blend). The HC and CO emissions were 11 ppm and 0.386%, respectively, for the G88 fuel blended with 0.1% of patchouli oil and 0.1% of clove oil (BA1 blend) whereas the values were 26 ppm and 0.631%, respectively, for the BA2 blend. Even though the BA2 blend had the highest HC and CO emissions, the values were still below the permissible limits for automotive vehicles in Indonesia.
Predicting Solar Irradiance Using Regression Model (Case Study: ITERA Solar Power Plant)
Authors: Asri Rishal , Friansa Koko , Siregar Sefrani
Published: October 2021

Simple regression model can be used to predict the solar irradiance which cover a certain area in certain interval of time. With combining some variables like relative humidity, temperature and wind speed, a model which describe local solar irradiance can be developed. This paper elaborates the details of recently developed simple regression model, built with python based open-source cloud computing platform. This model dedicated to predict solar irradiance in certain relatively small area. For current study, it was in ITERA Solar Power Plant, Southern Lampung, Indonesia. Generally, this model can be applied in any places with vary conditions as long as all the required parameters are met, even though can only predict the local solar irradiance in a relative small spot. According to the computational issue, a simple linear regression model can be used to estimate the solar radiation in Lampung Selatan, Indonesia. The correlation between solar radiation and the average air temperature can be approached linearly. The coefficient value may be vary, but our computational progress resulting at 0.72768 for without outliers.
The Potential for Green-Industrial Development (Case Study: Ujungjaya Industrial Estate, Sumedang)
Authors: Damayanti Verry , Maulana Riyad , Ekasari Astri Mutia , Pradifta Fachmy Sugih
Published: October 2021

Based on the Sumedang Regional Spatial Plan, the Ujungjaya Area is planned to become an Industrial estate. The planned types of industries are the manufacturing industry, textile industry, textile products and industrial engineering to support Kertajati Aerocity. Industrial development provides changes that have an impact on the socio-economy of the community, but on the other hand, it also brings changes that have negative impacts, including pollution to the environment around industrial estates. To prevent this, it is necessary to apply the green industrial concept, which in the production process prioritizes efficiency and effectiveness in the use of resources in a sustainable manner. Therefore it is necessary to study the potential for developing green industries in the Ujungjaya industrial estate. This research was conducted using a qualitative approach. The analysis method used is the quantitative SWOT analysis. The results showed that Ujungjaya Industrial estate is in a Turn Around Position in developing the green industrial estate. So the Ujungjaya Eco-industrial development strategy is related to how to overcome weaknesses to attain opportunities.
Analysis of Farmers’ Perception and Attitudes of Water Quality in Margodadi Embung, South Lampung
Authors: Nufutomo Tastaptyani Kurnia , Alam Firdha Cahya
Published: October 2021

Margodadi Embung (retention basin) is water pond that was designed for irrigation and conservation which is located in South Lampung, Indonesia. This Embung is surrounded through numerous farm fields, consisting of the cassava plant, corn plants, palm trees, and paddy fields. This research was aimed to know the farmers’ perception and attitudes of water quality in Margodadi Embung, South Lampung. Sampling was conducted using random sampling on farmers’ around the Embung, with the parameter of respondent profile, farming attitudes, knowledge about the Embung, and perception of the Embung water quality. The outcomes confirmed that the farmers had been using manure and chemical fertilizers for his or her fields, and also, they wiped clean their farm animals in Embung after plowing on the farm. Most of the farmers thought that the water quality is still good and fortunately, it was proved with the DO and BOD parameters that still be permitted according to Government Regulation no 82, 2001. However, it was indicated that the knowledge of the farmers of water quality will influence the perception and attitudes of the farmers towards the Margodadi Embung.
Dynamic Actor Network Analysis Approach In Management of Mass Public Transport Services
Authors: Ekasari A M , Pradifta F S , Rochman G P
Published: October 2021

Taking into account the progress of community mobility, increased motorization of private vehicles, congestion, and poor urban transportation services, the Bandung City Government seeks to provide mass public transport services Trans Metro Bandung (TMB). What policies should be established to achieve the successful implementation of the TMB program?. This study aims to provide recommendations to TMB management to achieve the success of services that prioritize reliability, comfort, and humanity. The analysis was carried out on stakeholder opinion using actor analysis method software, namely Dynamic Actor-Network Analysis (DANA). The involvement of all stakeholders is needed to get their views, perceptions, and opinions about the implementation of the TMB program. From the interview processing, the results obtained from the perception diagram and identified 19 different factors in one arena. The factors for reducing traffic congestion and improving services for mass public transport are defined as “goals”. The analysis of relevance and centrality identifies the limitations of infrastructure, facilities, and financing which are the main causes of the problem so that TMB services cannot be implemented optimally. In the strategy analysis, four actions were analyzed. The most ideal solution strategy that has the maximum utility value, the highest satisfaction, and lowest frustration score is the formation of a consortium and socialization.