bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Microbial Dysbiosis Linked to Metabolic Dysfunction-Associated Fatty Liver Disease in Asians: Prevotella copri Promotes Lipopolysaccharide Biosynthesis and Network Instability in the Prevotella Enterotype
Authors: Yuan Heng , Wu Xuangao , Wang Xichun , Zhou Jun-Yu , Park Sunmin
Published: February 2024

Metabolic dysfunction-associated fatty liver disease (MAFLD), formerly known as non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD), is characterized by hepatic fat accumulation by metabolic dysfunction. The rising prevalence of MAFLD, especially among Asians, may be associated with changes in gut microbiota. We investigated gut microbiota characteristics and potential mechanisms leading to MAFLD development according to enterotypes. Case-control studies examining the gut microbiota composition between MAFLD and non-MAFLD participants were searched in public databases until July 2023. Gut microbiota was categorized into two enterotypes by principal component analysis. According to the enterotypes, LEfSe, ALDEx2, XGBoost, and DCiPatho were utilized to identify differential abundances and pathogenic microbes in the gut between the MAFLD and non-MAFLD groups. We analyzed microbial community networks with the SprCC module and predicted microbial functions. In the Prevotella enterotype (ET-P), 98.6% of Asians and 65.1% of Caucasians were associated with MAFLD (p = 0.049). MAFLD incidence was correlated with enterotype, age, obesity, and ethnicity (p < 0.05). Asian MAFLD patients exhibited decreased Firmicutes and Akkermansia muciniphila and increased Bacteroidetes and P. copri. The pathogenicity scores were 0.006 for A. muciniphila and 0.868 for P. copri. The Asian MAFLD group showed decreased stability and complexity in the gut microbiota network. Metagenome function analysis revealed higher fructose metabolism and lipopolysaccharide (LPS) biosynthesis and lower animal proteins and α-linolenic acid metabolism in Asians with MAFLD compared with the non-MAFLD group. LPS biosynthesis was positively correlated with P. copri (p < 0.05). In conclusion, P. copri emerged as a potential microbial biomarker for MAFLD. These findings enhance our understanding of the pathological mechanisms of MAFLD mediated through the gut microbiota, providing insights for future interventions.
Transcriptome Analysis and Metabolic Profiling Reveal the Key Regulatory Pathways in Drought Stress Responses and Recovery in Tomatoes
Authors: Shu Jinshuai , Zhang Lili , Liu Guiming , Wang Xiaoxuan , Liu Fuzhong , Zhang Ying , Chen Yuhui
Published: February 2024

Drought stress is a major abiotic factor affecting tomato production and fruit quality. However, the genes and metabolites associated with tomato responses to water deficiency and rehydration are poorly characterized. To identify the functional genes and key metabolic pathways underlying tomato responses to drought stress and recovery, drought-susceptible and drought-tolerant inbred lines underwent transcriptomic and metabolomic analyses. A total of 332 drought-responsive and 491 rehydration-responsive core genes were robustly differentially expressed in both genotypes. The drought-responsive and rehydration-responsive genes were mainly related to photosynthesis–antenna proteins, nitrogen metabolism, plant–pathogen interactions, and the MAPK signaling pathway. Various transcription factors, including homeobox-leucine zipper protein ATHB-12, NAC transcription factor 29, and heat stress transcription factor A-6b-like, may be vital for tomato responses to water status. Moreover, 24,30-dihydroxy-12(13)-enolupinol, caffeoyl hawthorn acid, adenosine 5′-monophosphate, and guanosine were the key metabolites identified in both genotypes under drought and recovery conditions. The combined transcriptomic and metabolomic analysis highlighted the importance of 38 genes involved in metabolic pathways, the biosynthesis of secondary metabolites, the biosynthesis of amino acids, and ABC transporters for tomato responses to water stress. Our results provide valuable clues regarding the molecular basis of drought tolerance and rehydration. The data presented herein may be relevant for genetically improving tomatoes to enhance drought tolerance.
Genetic Biomarkers of Sorafenib Response in Patients with Hepatocellular Carcinoma
Authors: Giannitrapani Lydia , Di Gaudio Francesca , Cervello Melchiorre , Scionti Francesca , Ciliberto Domenico , Staropoli Nicoletta , Agapito Giuseppe , Cannataro Mario , Tassone Pierfrancesco , Tagliaferri Pierosandro , Seidita Aurelio , Soresi Maurizio , Affronti Marco , Bertino Gaetano , Russello Maurizio , Ciriminna Rosaria , Lino Claudia , Spinnato Francesca , Verderame Francesco , Augello Giuseppa , Arbitrio Mariamena
Published: February 2024

The identification of biomarkers for predicting inter-individual sorafenib response variability could allow hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) patient stratification. SNPs in angiogenesis- and drug absorption, distribution, metabolism, and excretion (ADME)-related genes were evaluated to identify new potential predictive biomarkers of sorafenib response in HCC patients. Five known SNPs in angiogenesis-related genes, including VEGF-A, VEGF-C, HIF-1a, ANGPT2, and NOS3, were investigated in 34 HCC patients (9 sorafenib responders and 25 non-responders). A subgroup of 23 patients was genotyped for SNPs in ADME genes. A machine learning classifier method was used to discover classification rules for our dataset. We found that only the VEGF-A (rs2010963) C allele and CC genotype were significantly associated with sorafenib response. ADME-related gene analysis identified 10 polymorphic variants in ADH1A (rs6811453), ADH6 (rs10008281), SULT1A2/CCDC101 (rs11401), CYP26A1 (rs7905939), DPYD (rs2297595 and rs1801265), FMO2 (rs2020863), and SLC22A14 (rs149738, rs171248, and rs183574) significantly associated with sorafenib response. We have identified a genetic signature of predictive response that could permit non-responder/responder patient stratification. Angiogenesis- and ADME-related genes correlation was confirmed by cumulative genetic risk score and network and pathway enrichment analysis. Our findings provide a proof of concept that needs further validation in follow-up studies for HCC patient stratification for sorafenib prescription.
Clinical and Real-World Effectiveness of Mogamulizumab: A Narrative Review
Authors: Fernández-Guarino Montserrat , Ortiz Pablo , Gallardo Fernando , Llamas-Velasco Mar
Published: February 2024

Mogamulizumab (MOG) is an antibody targeting the CCR4 receptor, authorized for relapsed or refractory peripheral T-cell (PTCL) and cutaneous T-cell lymphomas (CTCL). Its adoption in guidelines and endorsement by FDA and EMA established it as a systemic treatment, especially for advanced disease stages due to its comparatively lower toxicity. Clinical trials and real-world evidence have underscored its efficacy in advanced CTCLs, including mycosis fungoides and Sézary syndrome; PTCLs; and adult T-cell leukemia/lymphoma (ATLL), showcasing positive outcomes. Notably, the drug has demonstrated significant response rates, disease stability, and extended periods of progression-free survival, suggesting its applicability in cases with multiple treatment lines. Its safety profile is generally manageable, with adverse events (AEs) primarily related to the skin, infusion-related reactions, drug eruptions, autoimmune diseases, and skin disorders. The latter seem to appear as CCR4 can promote the skin-specific homing of lymphocytes, and MOG is directed against this receptor. While combination with immunostimulatory agents like interferon alpha and interleukin 12 has shown promising results, caution is urged when combining with PD1 inhibitors due to the heightened risk of immune-mediated AEs. The introduction of MOG as a systemic treatment implies a significant advancement in managing these diseases, supported by its favorable safety profile and complementary mechanisms.
MicroRNA205: A Key Regulator of Cardiomyocyte Transition from Proliferative to Hypertrophic Growth in the Neonatal Heart
Authors: Weldrick Jonathan J. , Yi Rui , Megeney Lynn A. , Burgon Patrick G.
Published: February 2024

The mammalian myocardium grows rapidly during early development due to cardiomyocyte proliferation, which later transitions to cell hypertrophy to sustain the heart’s postnatal growth. Although this cell transition in the postnatal heart is consistently preserved in mammalian biology, little is known about the regulatory mechanisms that link proliferation suppression with hypertrophy induction. We reasoned that the production of a micro-RNA(s) could serve as a key bridge to permit changes in gene expression that control the changed cell fate of postnatal cardiomyocytes. We used sequential expression analysis to identify miR205 as a micro-RNA that was uniquely expressed at the cessation of cardiomyocyte growth. Cardiomyocyte-specific miR205 deletion animals showed a 35% increase in heart mass by 3 months of age, with commensurate changes in cell cycle and Hippo pathway activity, confirming miR205’s potential role in controlling cardiomyocyte proliferation. In contrast, overexpression of miR205 in newborn hearts had little effect on heart size or function, indicating a complex, probably redundant regulatory system. These findings highlight miR205’s role in controlling the shift from cardiomyocyte proliferation to hypertrophic development in the postnatal period.
OsMYB58 Negatively Regulates Plant Growth and Development by Regulating Phosphate Homeostasis
Authors: Baek Dongwon , Hong Soyeon , Kim Hye Jeong , Moon Sunok , Jung Ki Hong , Yang Won Tae , Kim Doh Hoon
Published: February 2024

Phosphate (Pi) starvation is a critical factor limiting crop growth, development, and productivity. Rice (Oryza sativa) R2R3-MYB transcription factors function in the transcriptional regulation of plant responses to various abiotic stresses and micronutrient deprivation, but little is known about their roles in Pi starvation signaling and Pi homeostasis. Here, we identified the R2R3-MYB transcription factor gene OsMYB58, which shares high sequence similarity with AtMYB58. OsMYB58 expression was induced more strongly by Pi starvation than by other micronutrient deficiencies. Overexpressing OsMYB58 in Arabidopsis thaliana and rice inhibited plant growth and development under Pi-deficient conditions. In addition, the overexpression of OsMYB58 in plants exposed to Pi deficiency strongly affected root development, including seminal root, lateral root, and root hair formation. Overexpressing OsMYB58 strongly decreased the expression of the rice microRNAs OsmiR399a and OsmiR399j. By contrast, overexpressing OsMYB58 strongly increased the expression of rice PHOSPHATE 2 (OsPHO2), whose expression is repressed by miR399 during Pi starvation signaling. OsMYB58 functions as a transcriptional repressor of the expression of its target genes, as determined by a transcriptional activity assay. These results demonstrate that OsMYB58 negatively regulates OsmiR399-dependent Pi starvation signaling by enhancing OsmiR399s expression.
Evaluating the Effects of Kidney Preservation at 10 °C with Hemopure and Sodium Thiosulfate in a Rat Model of Syngeneic Orthotopic Kidney Transplantation
Authors: Abou Taka Maria , Dugbartey George J. , Richard-Mohamed Mahms , McLeod Patrick , Jiang Jifu , Major Sally , Arp Jacqueline , O’Neil Caroline , Liu Winnie , Gabril Manal , Moussa Madeleine , Luke Patrick , Sener Alp
Published: February 2024

Kidney transplantation is preferred for end-stage renal disease. The current gold standard for kidney preservation is static cold storage (SCS) at 4 °C. However, SCS contributes to renal graft damage through ischemia–reperfusion injury (IRI). We previously reported renal graft protection after SCS with a hydrogen sulfide donor, sodium thiosulfate (STS), at 4 °C. Therefore, this study aims to investigate whether SCS at 10 °C with STS and Hemopure (blood substitute), will provide similar protection. Using in vitro model of IRI, we subjected rat renal proximal tubular epithelial cells to hypoxia–reoxygenation for 24 h at 10 °C with or without STS and measured cell viability. In vivo, we preserved 36 donor kidneys of Lewis rats for 24 h in a preservation solution at 10 °C supplemented with STS, Hemopure, or both followed by transplantation. Tissue damage and recipient graft function parameters, including serum creatinine, blood urea nitrogen, urine osmolality, and glomerular filtration rate (GFR), were evaluated. STS-treated proximal tubular epithelial cells exhibited enhanced viability at 10 °C compared with untreated control cells (p < 0.05). Also, STS and Hemopure improved renal graft function compared with control grafts (p < 0.05) in the early time period after the transplant, but long-term function did not reach significance. Overall, renal graft preservation at 10 °C with STS and Hemopure supplementation has the potential to enhance graft function and reduce kidney damage, suggesting a novel approach to reducing IRI and post-transplant complications.
Antibiotic Combination to Effectively Postpone or Inhibit the In Vitro Induction and Selection of Levofloxacin-Resistant Mutants in Elizabethkingia anophelis
Authors: Lee Ching-Chi , Lai Chung-Hsu , Yang Chih-Hui , Huang Yi-Han , Lin Jiun-Nong
Published: February 2024

Fluoroquinolones are potentially active against Elizabethkingia anophelis. Rapidly increased minimum inhibitory concentrations (MICs) and emerging point mutations in the quinolone resistance-determining regions (QRDRs) following exposure to fluoroquinolones have been reported in E. anophelis. We aimed to investigate point mutations in QRDRs through exposure to levofloxacin (1 × MIC) combinations with different concentrations (0.5× and 1 × MIC) of minocycline, rifampin, cefoperazone/sulbactam, or sulfamethoxazole/trimethoprim in comparison with exposure to levofloxacin alone. Of the four E. anophelis isolates that were clinically collected, lower MICs of levofloxacin were disclosed in cycle 2 and 3 of induction and selection in all levofloxacin combination groups other than levofloxacin alone (all p = 0.04). Overall, no mutations were discovered in parC and parE throughout the multicycles inducted by levofloxacin and all its combinations. Regarding the vastly increased MICs, the second point mutations in gyrA and/or gyrB in one isolate (strain no. 1) occurred in cycle 2 following exposure to levofloxacin plus 0.5 × MIC minocycline, but they were delayed appearing in cycle 5 following exposure to levofloxacin plus 1 × MIC minocycline. Similarly, the second point mutation in gyrA and/or gyrB occurred in another isolate (strain no. 3) in cycle 4 following exposure to levofloxacin plus 0.5 × MIC sulfamethoxazole/trimethoprim, but no mutation following exposure to levofloxacin plus 1 × MIC sulfamethoxazole/trimethoprim was disclosed. In conclusion, the rapid selection of E. anophelis mutants with high MICs after levofloxacin exposure could be effectively delayed or postponed by antimicrobial combination with other in vitro active antibiotics.
Global Trends in Climate Suitability of Bees: Ups and Downs in a Warming World
Authors: Rahimi Ehsan , Jung Chuleui
Published: February 2024

Bees represent vital natural assets contributing significantly to global food production and the maintenance of ecosystems. While studies on climate change effects impacting major pollinators like honeybees and bumblebees raise concerns about global diversity and crop productivity, comprehensive global-scale analyses remain limited. This study explores the repercussions of global warming on 1365 bees across seven families of bees worldwide. To compile a robust global bee occurrence dataset, we utilized the innovative ‘BeeBDC’ R package that amalgamated over 18.3 million bee occurrence records sourced from various repositories. Through species distribution models under the SSP585 scenario in the year 2070, we assessed how climate change influences the climate suitability of bees on a global scale, examining the impacts across continents. Our findings suggested that approximately 65% of bees are likely to witness a decrease in their distribution, with reductions averaging between 28% in Australia and 56% in Europe. Moreover, our analysis indicated that climate change’s impact on bees is projected to be more severe in Africa and Europe, while North America is expected to witness a higher number (336) of bees expanding their distribution. Climate change’s anticipated effects on bee distributions could potentially disrupt existing pollinator–plant networks, posing ecological challenges that emphasize the importance of pollinator diversity, synchrony between plants and bees, and the necessity for focused conservation efforts.
Impact of Brightness on Choroidal Vascularity Index
Authors: Rosa Nicola , Gioia Marco , Orlando Rachele , De Luca Martina , D’Aniello Eleonora , Fioretto Isabella , Sannino Ciro , De Bernardo Maddalena
Published: February 2024

The use of choroidal vascularization to diagnose and follow-up ocular and systemic pathologies has been consolidated in recent research. Unfortunately, the choroidal parameters can be different depending on the lighting settings of optical coherence tomography (OCT) images. The purpose of this study was to examine whether the brightness of OCT images could influence the measurements of choroidal parameters obtained by processing and analyzing scientific images with the ImageJ program. In this observational, prospective, non-randomized study, 148 eyes of 74 patients with a mean age of 30.7 ± 8.5 years (ranging from 23 to 61 years) were assessed. All patients underwent a complete ophthalmological examination including slit lamp, fundus oculi, ocular biometry, corneal tomography and spectral domain (SD) OCT evaluations of the foveal region in the enhanced depth imaging (EDI) mode. OCT images at two different brightness levels were obtained. The total choroidal area (TCA), choroidal vascularity index (CVI), stromal choroidal area (SCA) and luminal choroidal area (LCA) at both lower and higher brightness levels were measured. To avoid the bias of operator-dependent error, the lower and higher brightness TCAs were obtained using two methods: the manual tracking mode and fixed area. At the two different brightness levels, LCA, SCA and CVI measurements showed statistically significant changes (p < 0.05), whereas the TCA differences were not statistically significant (p > 0.05). According to the results of this study, highlighting that brightness could affect LCA, SCA and CVI parameters, care should be taken during OCT image acquisition.
The Medium- to Long-Term Results of Vascular-Sparing Subcapital Osteotomy (VASSCO) for Pediatric Patients with Chronic Slipped Capital Femoral Epiphysis
Authors: Faldini Cesare , Di Martino Alberto , Brunello Matteo , Stefanini Niccolò , Puteo Nicole , Pilla Federico , Geraci Giuseppe , Traina Francesco
Published: February 2024

Background: In patients affected by chronic slipped capital femoral epiphysis (C-SCFE), the performance of a subcapital osteotomy is an effective procedure to correct the deformity at the proximal femur. However, the rate of postoperative complications is very high, with iatrogenic avascular necrosis of the femoral head (AVN) being the most bothersome. To overcome the risk of AVN, the modified Dunn procedure according to Ganz and, more recently, the Vascular Sparing Subcapital Osteotomy (VASSCO) technique have been proposed; however, only short-term follow-up studies are available on the latter technique being used. The aim of this study is therefore to show our mid-term clinical and radiological results with the VASSCO technique. Materials and Methods: A total of 26 patients underwent VASSCO for moderate or severe stable C-SCFE between 2012 and April 2016 with an average 10-year follow-up (range 8–12 years). The outcomes was evaluated using the HHS and pre- and postoperative ROM. The radiological outcomes and complications were collected. Results: No major intraoperative complications occurred; three patients reported postoperative transient apraxia of the lateral femoral cutaneous nerve, which completely recovered in six months. All the radiological outcomes showed substantial improvement postoperatively. One case patient developed AVN of the femoral head and required a total hip arthroplasty after 12 years. Conclusions: The current data suggest that VASSCO osteotomy is a reliable technique with very good clinical results at mid-term follow-up; it could be considered a valuable alternative to using more complex techniques to restore the proximal femoral anatomy in moderate to severe C-SCFE.
Systematic Aetiological Assessment of Myocarditis: A Prospective Cohort Study
Authors: Michel Vincent , Lazaro Estibaliz , Fauthoux Thomas , Cetran Laura , Contin-Bordes Cécile , Blanco Patrick , Seguy Benjamin , Baudinet Thomas , Coste Pierre , Gerbaud Edouard
Published: February 2024

Background: Myocarditis is commonly diagnosed in the intensive care cardiology unit (ICCU). No current recommendation nor guideline aids exist for aetiological assessments. Methods: From September 2021 to October 2023, 84 patients with acute myocarditis underwent thorough and systematic serum and blood cell panel evaluations to determine the most common causes of myocarditis. Results: Of the 84 patients (median age 34 years, range 22–41 years, 79% male), 16 presented with complicated myocarditis. The systematic aetiological assessment revealed that 36% of patients were positive for lupus anticoagulant, 12% for antinuclear antibodies, 8% for anti-heart antibodies, and 12% for anti-striated muscle antibodies. Viral serology did not yield any significant results. After the aetiological assessment, one patient was diagnosed with an autoimmune inflammatory disorder (Still’s disease). T-cell subset analyses indicated that myocarditis severity tended to increase with the T-cell lymphopenia status. Conclusions: A comprehensive, systematic aetiological assessment was of limited value in terms of predicting the clinical or therapeutic outcomes in myocarditis patients presenting to the ICCU.
Limited Intervention in Adult Scoliosis—A Systematic Review
Authors: Mohammed Zuhair Jameel , Worley John , Hiatt Luke , Rajaram Manoharan Sakthivel Rajan , Theiss Steven
Published: February 2024

Background/Objectives: Adult scoliosis is traditionally treated with long-segment fusion, which provides strong radiographic correction and significant improvements in health-related quality of life but comes at a high morbidity cost. This systematic review seeks to examine the literature behind limited interventions in adult scoliosis patients and examine the best approaches to treatment. Methods: This is a MEDLINE- and PubMed-based literature search that ultimately included 49 articles with a total of 21,836 subjects. Results: Our search found that long-segment interventions had strong radiographic corrections but also resulted in high perioperative morbidity. Limited interventions were best suited to patients with compensated deformity, with decompression best for neurologic symptoms and fusion needed to treat neurological symptoms secondary to up-down stenosis and to provide stability across unstable segments. Decompression can consist of discectomy, laminotomy, and/or foraminotomy, all of which are shown to provide symptomatic relief of neurologic pain. Short-segment fusion has been shown to provide improvements in patient outcomes, albeit with higher rates of adjacent segment disease and concerns for correctional loss. Interbody devices can provide decompression without posterior element manipulation. Future directions include short-segment fusion in uncompensated deformity and dynamic stabilization constructs. Conclusions: Limited interventions can provide symptomatic relief to adult spine deformity patients, with indications mostly in patients with balanced deformities and neurological pain.
Effectiveness of Strabismus Surgery in Intermittent Exotropia and Factors Influencing Outcome
Authors: Kopmann Svenja , Grenzebach Ulrike , Ehrt Oliver , Biermann Julia
Published: February 2024

Intermittent exotropia (IXT) is known to relapse after surgery. No factors to predict or prevent recurrence are known with certainty. This study investigated surgical outcome, potential influencing factors, and reoperation rate in patients with IXT. Medical records of 537 patients who underwent surgery for IXT from 2000 to 2022 with preoperative angles of exodeviation of 6 to 50 prism diopters (PD) were retrospectively studied. Multivariate regression analyses of factors influencing surgical outcome on postoperative day 1 (POD1) and reoperation rate were performed. A Kaplan–Meier analysis was performed to illustrate the reoperation rate. After the first surgery, 83.8% of patients had a successful surgical outcome on POD1 (esodeviation ≤ 5 PD or exodeviation ≤ 10 PD). Logistic regression analysis revealed that small preoperative angles of exodeviation increased the probability for surgical success. Follow-up data at different times (4 days–20 years) after surgery were available for 176 patients: 40 patients were still in the range of surgical success, 133 patients had exotropia > 10 PD. Of the follow-up patients, 65 (12.1%) underwent reoperation. A total of 8.5% had their reoperation within one year after the first surgery, 52.9% within five years. Cox regression analysis revealed that large preoperative angles of exodeviation, far/near incomitance and alphabet pattern strabismus increased the risk of reoperation. Most patients achieved surgical success on POD1, yet the squint angles often increased after surgery, resulting in reoperation in some patients. Prospective studies are needed for a better assessment of pre-, peri- and postoperative factors for surgical success in IXT.
External Ventricular Drain Placement, Critical Care Utilization, Complications, and Clinical Outcomes after Spontaneous Subarachnoid Hemorrhage: A Single-Center Retrospective Cohort Study
Authors: Lele Abhijit Vijay , Fong Christine T. , Walters Andrew M. , Souter Michael J.
Published: February 2024

Background: To examine the association between external ventricular drain (EVD) placement, critical care utilization, complications, and clinical outcomes in hospitalized adults with spontaneous subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH). Methods: A single-center retrospective study included SAH patients 18 years and older, admitted between 1 January 2014 and 31 December 2022. The exposure variable was EVD. The primary outcomes of interest were (1) early mortality (<72 h), (2) overall mortality, (3) improvement in modified-World Federation of Neurological Surgeons (m-WFNSs) grade between admission and discharge, and (4) discharge to home at the end of the hospital stay. We adjusted for admission m-WFNS grade, age, sex, race/ethnicity, intraventricular hemorrhage, aneurysmal cause of SAH, mechanical ventilation, critical care utilization, and complications within a multivariable analysis. We reported adjusted odds ratios (aORs) and 95% confidence intervals (CI). Results: The study sample included 1346 patients: 18% (n = 243) were between the ages of 18 and 44 years, 48% (n = 645) were between the age of 45–64 years, and 34% (n = 458) were 65 years and older, with other statistics of females (56%, n = 756), m-WFNS I–III (57%, n = 762), m-WFNS IV–V (43%, n = 584), 51% mechanically ventilated, 76% White (n = 680), and 86% English-speaking (n = 1158). Early mortality occurred in 11% (n = 142). Overall mortality was 21% (n = 278), 53% (n = 707) were discharged to their home, and 25% (n = 331) improved their m-WFNS between admission and discharge. Altogether, 54% (n = 731) received EVD placement. After adjusting for covariates, the results of the multivariable analysis demonstrated that EVD placement was associated with reduced early mortality (aOR 0.21 [0.14, 0.33]), an improvement in m-WFNS grade (aOR 2.06 [1.42, 2.99]) but not associated with overall mortality (aOR 0.69 [0.47, 1.00]) or being discharged home at the end of the hospital stay (aOR 1.00 [0.74, 1.36]). EVD was associated with a higher rate of ventilator-associated pneumonia (aOR 2.32 [1.03, 5.23]), delirium (aOR 1.56 [1.05, 2.32]), and a longer ICU (aOR 1.33 [1.29;1.36]) and hospital length of stay (aOR 1.09 [1.07;1.10]). Critical care utilization was also higher in patients with EVD compared to those without. Conclusions: The study suggests that EVD placement in hospitalized adults with spontaneous subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH) is associated with reduced early mortality and improved neurological recovery, albeit with higher critical care utilization and complications. These findings emphasize the potential clinical benefits of EVD placement in managing SAH. However, further research and prospective studies may be necessary to validate these results and provide a more comprehensive understanding of the factors influencing clinical outcomes in SAH.
An Artificial Intelligence Analysis of Electrocardiograms for the Clinical Diagnosis of Cardiovascular Diseases: A Narrative Review
Authors: Di Costanzo Assunta , Spaccarotella Carmen Anna Maria , Esposito Giovanni , Indolfi Ciro
Published: February 2024

Artificial intelligence (AI) applied to cardiovascular disease (CVD) is enjoying great success in the field of scientific research. Electrocardiograms (ECGs) are the cornerstone form of examination in cardiology and are the most widely used diagnostic tool because they are widely available, inexpensive, and fast. Applications of AI to ECGs, especially deep learning (DL) methods using convolutional neural networks (CNNs), have been developed in many fields of cardiology in recent years. Deep learning methods provide valuable support for rapid ECG interpretation, demonstrating a diagnostic capability overlapping with specialists in the diagnosis of CVD by a classical analysis of macroscopic changes in the ECG trace. Through photoplethysmography, wearable devices can obtain single-derivative ECGs for the recognition of AI-diagnosed arrhythmias. In addition, CNNs have been developed that recognize no macroscopic electrocardiographic changes and can predict, from a 12-lead ECG, atrial fibrillation, even from sinus rhythm; left and right ventricular function; hypertrophic cardiomyopathy; acute coronary syndromes; or aortic stenosis. The fields of application are many, but numerous are the limitations, mainly associated with the reliability of the acquired data, an inability to verify black box processes, and medico-legal and ethical problems. The challenge of modern medicine is to recognize the limitations of AI and overcome them.
Weak Points of Double-Plate Stabilization Used in the Treatment of Distal Humerus Fracture through Finite Element Analysis
Authors: Kruszewski Artur , Piszczatowski Szczepan , Piekarczyk Piotr , Cieślik Piotr , Kwiatkowski Krzysztof
Published: February 2024

Background: Multi-comminuted, intra-articular fractures of the distal humerus still pose a challenge to modern orthopedics due to unsatisfactory treatment results and a high percentage (over 50%) of postoperative complications. When surgical treatment is chosen, such fractures are fixed using two plates with locking screws, which can be used in three spatial configurations: either parallel or one of two perpendicular variants (posterolateral and posteromedial). The evaluation of the fracture healing conditions for these plate configurations is unambiguous. The contradictions between the conclusions of biomechanical studies and clinical observations were the motivation to undertake a more in-depth biomechanical analysis aiming to indicate the weak points of two-plate fracture stabilization. Methods: Research was conducted using the finite element method based on an experimentally validated model. Three variants of distal humerus fracture (Y, λ, and H) were fixed using three different plate configurations (parallel, posterolateral, and posteromedial), and they were analyzed under six loading conditions, covering the whole range of flexion in the elbow joint (0–145°). A joint reaction force equal to 150 N was assumed, which corresponds with holding a weight of 1 kg in the hand. The biomechanical conditions of bone union were assessed based on the interfragmentary movement (IFM) and using criteria formulated by Steiner et al. Results: The IFMs were established for particular regions of all of the analyzed types of fracture, with distinction to the normal and tangential components. In general, the tangential component of IFM was greater than normal. A strong influence of the elbow joint’s angular position on the IFM was observed, with excessive values occurring for flexion angles greater than 90°. In most cases, the smallest IFM values were obtained for the parallel plaiting, while the greatest values were obtained for the posteromedial plating. Based on IFM values, fracture healing conditions in particular cases (fracture type, plate configuration, loading condition, and fracture gap localization) were classified into one of four groups: optimal bone union (OPT), probable union (PU), probable non-union (PNU), and non-union (NU). Conclusions: No plating configuration is able to ensure distal humerus fracture union when the full elbow flexion is allowed while holding a weight of 1 kg in the hand. However, flexion in the range of 0–90° with such loadings is acceptable when using parallel plating, which is a positive finding in the context of the early rehabilitation process. In general, parallel plating ensures better conditions for fracture healing than perpendicular plate configurations, especially the posteromedial version.
Insights into Orbital Symmetry: A Comprehensive Retrospective Study of 372 Computed Tomography Scans
Authors: Sigron Guido R. , Britschgi Céline L. , Gahl Brigitta , Thieringer Florian M.
Published: February 2024

Background: The operation planning and production of individualized implants with the help of AI-based software after orbital fractures have become increasingly important in recent years. This retrospective study aimed to investigate the healthy orbitae of 372 patients from CT images in the bone and soft tissue windows using the Disior™ Bonelogic™ CMF Orbital software. (version 2.1.28). Methods: We analyzed the variables orbital volume, length, and area as a function of age and gender and compared bone and soft tissue windows. Results: For all variables, the intraclass correlation showed excellent agreement between the bone and soft tissue windows (p < 0.001). All variables showed higher values when calculated based on bone fenestration with, on average, 1 mL more volume, 0.35 mm more length, and 0.71 cm2 more area (p < 0.001). Across all age groups, men displayed higher values than women with, on average, 8.1 mL larger volume, a 4.78 mm longer orbit, and an 8.5 cm2 larger orbital area (p < 0.001). There was also a non-significant trend in all variables and both sexes toward growth with increasing age. Conclusions: These results mean that, due to the symmetry of the orbits in both the bone and soft tissue windows, the healthy orbit can be mirrored for surgical planning in the event of a fracture.
Non-Invasive Assessment of Liver Fibrosis in Hepatitis B Patients
Authors: Bera Chinmay , Hamdan-Perez Nashla , Patel Keyur
Published: February 2024

The aim of this review is to provide updated information on the clinical use of non-invasive serum and imaging-based tests for fibrosis assessment in chronic hepatitis B (CHB) virus infection. In recent years, non-invasive tests (NIT) have been increasingly used to determine eligibility for treatment. Liver biopsy is still considered the gold standard for assessing inflammatory activity and fibrosis staging, but it is an invasive procedure with inherent limitations. Simple serum markers such as APRI and FIB-4 are limited by indeterminate results but remain useful initial tests for fibrosis severity if imaging elastography is not available. Point-of-care US-based elastography techniques, such as vibration-controlled transient elastography or 2D shear wave elastography, are increasingly available and have better accuracy than simple serum tests for advanced fibrosis or cirrhosis, although stiffness cut-offs are variable based on E-antigen status and inflammatory activity. Current NITs have poor diagnostic performance for following changes in fibrosis with antiviral therapy. However, NITs may have greater clinical utility for determining prognosis in patients with CHB that have advanced disease, especially for the development of hepatocellular carcinoma and/or liver decompensation. Algorithms combining serum and imaging NITs appear promising for advanced fibrosis and prognostic risk stratification.
Polymer Composites of Low-Density Polyethylene (LDPE) with Elongated Hematite (α-Fe2O3) Particles of Different Shapes
Authors: Kratofil Krehula Ljerka , Peršić Ana , Popov Nina , Krehula Stjepko
Published: February 2024

Due to the intensive search for new types of advanced polymer materials for targeted applications, this work offers insight into the properties of low-density polyethylene/hematite composites. The specific feature of this study lies in the use of elongated hematite particles of different shapes. Uniform ellipsoid-, peanut- and rod-shaped hematite particles were hydrothermally synthesized and incorporated into the polymer matrix of low-density polyethylene (LDPE). LDPE/hematite composites are prepared by melt mixing. Hematite particles are characterized by scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and powder X-ray diffraction (PXRD). The pure LDPE polymer and LDPE/hematite composites were studied by FT-IR and UV-Vis-NIR spectroscopy and by thermogravimetric analysis (TGA). The determination of the mechanical and barrier properties was also carried out. The obtained results indicate the influence of the elongated particles on the improvement of LDPE properties. An increase in thermal stability and UV-absorption was observed as well as the improvement of mechanical and barrier properties. The improvement of the composites’ properties in comparison to the pure LDPE is especially visible in the composites prepared with low content of hematite (0.25%). LDPE/hematite composites have promising characteristics for application as packaging materials with enhanced mechanical, thermal and barrier properties as well as UV-protective materials.
Preparation of Nanoporous Carbon from Rice Husk with Improved Textural Characteristics for Hydrogen Sorption
Authors: Lesbayev Bakhytzhan , Rakhymzhan Nurgali , Ustayeva Gaukhar , Maral Yerkebulan , Atamanov Meiram , Auyelkhankyzy Moldir , Zhamash Ayazhan
Published: February 2024

This study proposes a method to control the pore-forming process by performing preliminary mechanical activation of the initial rice husk before carbonization. Preliminary mechanical activation of the initial rice husk leads to the loosening of the intercellular substance and its partial depolymerization, thereby increasing the availability of its internal structure for pore formation during carbonization and chemical activation. Using the method described above, nanoporous carbon was obtained with a Brunauer–Emmett–Teller (BET)-calculated specific surface area of 2713 m2/g, a micropore specific surface area calculated by using the Dubinina–Radushkevich (D-R) method of 3099 m2/g, and a total pore volume calculated by using the Barett–Joyner–Halenda (BJH) method of 1.625 cm3/g. Due to these characteristics, the adsorption capacity in the obtained sample was for hydrogen 3.7 wt.% at a temperature of −190 °C and a pressure of 9 kgf/cm2, which is 29.7% higher than the adsorption capacity of nanoporous carbon obtained based on rice husk without mechanical activation. The composite “carbon–platinum” NC-2/Pt10%, at a temperature of 20 °C and a pressure of 9 kgf/cm2, showed an increase in sorption capacity of 27% compared to pure nanoporous carbon NC-2, which is explained by the emergence of the spillover effect.
The Effect of Niobium Addition on the Operational and Metallurgical Behavior of Fe-Cr-C Hardfacing Deposited by Shielded Metal Arc Welding
Authors: Perez Jaime , Gutierrez Jesus , Olaya Jhon , Piamba Oscar , Scotti Americo
Published: February 2024

Hardfacing is commonly used in parts recovery and in obtaining surfaces with improved properties. Within this field, it is important to analyze the effect of alloying elements on the properties of the deposited layers. One of the critical parameters affecting alloying performances in SMAW is improper arc length. This article examines the effect of the addition of niobium in different quantities (0, 2, 4, 6, and 8% by weight) to the electrode coating in Fe-Cr-C shielded metal arc welding (SMAW), with short and long arc lengths, on the operational process efficiency, dilution, arc energy, microstructure, and microhardness of the deposited layers. A decrease in operational process efficiency and dilution was found with increases in niobium content. On the other hand, it was found that adding niobium leads to a refinement in chromium carbide sizes, directly affecting the hardness of the obtained deposits. There is a direct relationship between the arc energy, with both short and long arc lengths, leading to a tendency to decrease the dilution in the obtained hardfacing.
Fabrication of an Optically Transparent Planar Inverted-F Antenna Using PEDOT-Based Silver Nanowire Clear Ink with Aerosol-Jet Printing Method towards Effective Antennas
Authors: Li Philip , Fleischer Jason , Quinn Edwin , Park Donghun
Published: February 2024

We report the design, fabrication, and experimental characterization of an optically transparent printed planar inverted-F antenna (PIFA) operating at 2.45 GHz using the aerosol jet (AJ) printing method. The proposed antenna was fabricated using a clear conductive ink on glass and Delrin. The antenna exhibits a wide fractional bandwidth (FBW) of 20% centered at 2.45 GHz, with a peak realized gain of −3.6 dBi and transparency of ~80%. The proposed fabrication method provides a cost-effective and scalable solution for manufacturing transparent antennas with potential applications in wireless communication, sensing, and wearable devices operating at mmWave frequencies higher than 30 GHz.
Remote-Access Marine Robotics Infrastructure and Experiments at LABUST
Authors: Ferreira Fausto , Obradović Juraj , Nađ Đula , Lončar Ivan , Mandić Luka , Kvasić Igor , Kraševac Natko , Mišković Nikola
Published: February 2024

Marine robotics is a complex field with a potentially high demanding logistics and high deployment cost. This is a barrier to many research groups. On the other hand, some research groups have substantial equipment and infrastructure that are typically underutilized. The push for sharing infrastructures was recently accentuated due to the COVID-19 pandemic. In particular, remote access experiments became the norm during the lockdown periods. LABUST completed new infrastructure during the COVID-19 pandemic and prepared it for state-of-the-art remote access from anywhere in the globe. This is important both for research and educational purposes. This article describes the infrastructure, equipment, and methods used for implementing the remote access including the calibration procedures. It also reports on real remote access trials for different applications such as Autonomous ships, diver–robot interaction, and Remotely Operated Vehicle (ROV) pilots. These examples include both pool and at-sea remote trials, proving the capabilities of the infrastructure.
Peroxin MoPex22 Regulates the Import of Peroxisomal Matrix Proteins and Appressorium-Mediated Plant Infection in Magnaporthe oryzae
Authors: Chen Rangrang , Lu Kailun , Yang Lina , Jiang Jihong , Li Lianwei
Published: February 2024

Magnaporthe oryzae, the pathogen responsible for rice blast disease, utilizes specialized infection structures known as appressoria to breach the leaf cuticle and establish intracellular, infectious hyphae. Our study demonstrates that the peroxin MoPex22 is crucial for appressorium function, specifically for the development of primary penetration hyphae. The ∆Mopex22 mutant exhibited slow growth, reduced aerial hyphae, and almost complete loss of virulence. Specifically, despite the mutant’s capability to form appressoria, it showed abnormalities during appressorium development, including reduced turgor, increased permeability of the appressorium wall, failure to form septin rings, and significantly decreased ability to penetrate host cells. Additionally, there was a delay in the degradation of lipid droplets during conidial germination and appressorium development. Consistent with these findings, the ΔMopex22 mutant showed an inefficient utilization of long-chain fatty acids and defects in cell wall integrity. Moreover, our findings indicate that MoPex22 acts as an anchor for MoPex4, facilitating the localization of MoPex4 to peroxisomes. Together with MoPex4, it affects the function of MoPex5, thus regulating the import of peroxisomal matrix proteins. Overall, these results highlight the essential role of MoPex22 in regulating the transport of peroxisomal matrix proteins, which affect fatty acid metabolism, glycerol accumulation, cell wall integrity, growth, appressorium development, and the pathogenicity of M. oryzae. This study provides valuable insights into the significance of peroxin functions in fungal biology and appressorium-mediated plant infection.
The Role of Methanogenic Archaea in Inflammatory Bowel Disease—A Review
Authors: Cisek Agata Anna , Szymańska Edyta , Aleksandrzak-Piekarczyk Tamara , Cukrowska Bożena
Published: February 2024

Methanogenic archaea are a part of the commensal gut microbiota responsible for hydrogen sink and the efficient production of short-chain fatty acids. Dysbiosis of methanogens is suspected to play a role in pathogenesis of variety of diseases, including inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). Unlike bacteria, the diversity of archaea seems to be higher in IBD patients compared to healthy subjects, whereas the prevalence and abundance of gut methanogens declines in IBD, especially in ulcerative colitis. To date, studies focusing on methanogens in pediatric IBD are very limited; nevertheless, the preliminary results provide some evidence that methanogens may be influenced by the chronic inflammatory process in IBD. In this review, we demonstrated the development and diversity of the methanogenic community in IBD, both in adults and children.
Sex Differences in Cardiac and Clinical Phenotypes and Their Relation to Outcomes in Patients with Heart Failure
Authors: Kawai Akane , Nagatomo Yuji , Yukino-Iwashita Midori , Nakazawa Ryota , Yumita Yusuke , Taruoka Akira , Takefuji Asako , Yasuda Risako , Toya Takumi , Ikegami Yukinori , Masaki Nobuyuki , Adachi Takeshi
Published: February 2024

Biological sex is one of the major factors characterizing the heart failure (HF) patient phenotype. Understanding sex-related differences in HF is crucial to implement personalized care for HF patients with various phenotypes. There are sex differences in left ventricular (LV) remodeling patterns in the HF setting, namely, more likely concentric remodeling and diastolic dysfunction in women and eccentric remodeling and systolic dysfunction in men. Recently supra-normal EF (snLVEF) has been recognized as a risk of worse outcome. This pathology might be more relevant in female patients. The possible mechanism may be through coronary microvascular dysfunction and sympathetic nerve overactivation from the findings of previous studies. Further, estrogen deficit might play a significant role in this pathophysiology. The sex difference in body composition may also be related to the difference in LV remodeling and outcome. Lower implementation in guideline-directed medical therapy (GDMT) in female HFrEF patients might also be one of the factors related to sex differences in relation to outcomes. In this review, we will discuss the sex differences in cardiac and clinical phenotypes and their relation to outcomes in HF patients and further discuss how to provide appropriate treatment strategies for female patients.