bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Assessing acceptance and feasibility of a conversational agent to support individuals living with post-traumatic stress disorder
Authors: Han Hee Jeong , Mendu Sanjana , Jaworski Beth K , Owen Jason E , Abdullah Saeed
Published: October 2024

Objective

Post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) is a pervasive health concern affecting millions of individuals. However, there remain significant barriers to providing resources and addressing the needs of individuals living with PTSD. To address this treatment gap, we have collaborated with clinical experts to develop PTSDialogue—a conversational agent (CA) that aims to support effective self-management of PTSD. In this work, we have focused on assessing the feasibility and acceptance of PTSDialogue for individuals living with PTSD.

Methods

We conducted semi-structured interviews with individuals living with PTSD ([Formula: see text]). Participants were asked about their experiences with the PTSDialogue and their perceptions of its usefulness in managing PTSD. We then used bottom-up thematic analysis with a qualitative interpretivist approach to analyze the interview data.

Results

All participants expressed that PTSDialogue could be beneficial for supporting PTSD treatment. We also uncovered key opportunities and challenges in using CAs to complement existing clinical practices and support longitudinal self-management of PTSD. We highlight important design features of CAs to provide effective support for this population, including the need for personalization, education, and privacy-sensitive interactions.

Conclusion

We demonstrate the acceptability of CAs to support longitudinal self-management of PTSD. Based on these findings, we have outlined design recommendations for technologies aiming to reduce treatment and support gaps for individuals living with serious mental illnesses.
In Search of a Safe Harbour: The Framing of Venezuelan Migrants in Mainstream Newspapers in Trinidad and Tobago
Authors: Simon-Roberts Sharifa , Affonso Timothy
Published: October 2024

Driven by national, political and socio-economic circumstances in Venezuela, there has been a mass influx of Venezuelan migrants into Trinidad and Tobago (T&T). Conditions in T&T have affected the receptivity of Venezuelan migrants. Using framing as the theoretical lens, this study extends research on media depictions of migrants into a Caribbean context by examining ways in which the mainstream newspapers in T&T presented Venezuelan migrants over a one-year period. Results reveal that although there is some attention to Venezuelan migrants’ integration into life in T&T, such attention is limited. Primarily, T&T newspapers other Venezuelan migrants by labelling and clustering them and highlighting their association with crime, human rights challenges they face and the State’s response. Such depictions have the potential to signal the manner in which Venezuelan migrants are seen and treated. We discuss the implications of these representations in relation to the existing literature and offer recommendations moving forward.
“I Was in a Position to Enact Change:” College Athletes’ Use of Social Media for Racial and Social Justice
Authors: Ferguson Tomika , Frederick Evan , Brown Letisha , Kluch Yannick , Hancock Meg , Siegfried Nina
Published: October 2024

Recent shifts in societal activism have prompted an exploration of athlete activism, particularly within higher education, where social media has become a pivotal platform for social impact. This paper investigates Division I college athletes’ engagement in athlete activism through the lens of self-authorship and self-presentation on social media for racial and social justice. Existing research underscores the significance of social media in athlete activism, focusing on access barriers, advocacy efforts, and resistance against inequalities. Through an exploratory study, we investigate how college athletes’ processes of self-authorship and selfpresentation relate to social media activism. Our findings reveal three overarching themes: social media as an activist tool, empowerment, and a starting point for advocacy. The findings suggest avenues for college sports administrators to facilitate dialogue, comprehend the strategic utilization of social media in athlete activism, and acknowledge college athletes’ aspiration for increased involvement in effecting meaningful change within their communities. These insights contribute to a deeper understanding of college athletes’ contributions to social discourse and racial and social justice initiatives.
Are Suicide-Specific Interventions Required to Reduce Suicidal Ideation? An Empirical Examination in a Clinical Sample of Eating-Disorder Participants
Authors: Robison Morgan , Velimirovic Mina , Rice Tyler , Duffy Alan , Riddle Megan , Manwaring Jamie , Rienecke Renee D. , McClanahan Susan , Blalock Dan V. , Le Grange Daniel , Mehler Philip S. , Joiner Thomas E.
Published: October 2024

In this research, we examined whether non-suicide-specific treatments effectively reduced suicidal ideation (SI) among a clinical sample of eating-disorder (ED) patients ( N = 3,447, of whom 50.9% presented with SI). All participants met criteria for a current ED diagnoses based on the fifth edition of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders and were administered a combination of evidence-based treatments in inpatient, residential, partial hospitalization, and intensive outpatient ED treatment facilities. Mediation analyses tested whether SI at discharge decreased specifically through standardized residual change scores in ED symptoms. Both SI and ED symptoms decreased over the course of treatment without clinically meaningful differences by ED diagnosis. ED symptom improvement partially mediated the relationship between SI at admission and discharge, suggesting that treating ED symptoms with evidence-based treatments can be an effective way to reduce SI, at least partially, for many patients. These findings demonstrate the importance of facilitating evidence-based-treatment referrals for specific disorders as a component of broad-based suicide outreach and prevention strategies.
Assessing the Impact of Women Discrimination in HRM Practices on Three-component Model (TCM) of Organizational Commitment: A Study on the Indian Banking Sector
Authors: Khan Azra , Rainayee Riyaz Ahmad
Published: October 2024

Notably, social-psychological approaches such as relative deprivation theory (personal and collective) and social exchange theory posit that there exists a negative association between women discrimination in HRM practices and organizational commitment. It is pertinent to note that the study of organizational commitment is significant across behavioral and attitudinal perspectives as well as differing conceptualizations. Considering this, the present study aims to investigate the causal linkages between women discrimination in HRM practices and the three-component model (TCM) of organizational commitment in the Indian banking sector. To test the hypothesized relationships, partial least squares structural equation modeling (PLS-SEM) was used on a sample of 394 women employees from the following banks in Northern India—State Bank of India, Punjab National Bank, Housing and Development Finance Corporation Bank, and Jammu and Kashmir Bank. The results obtained revealed that women discrimination in HRM practices has a significant negative impact on all three components of the TCM approach of organizational commitment—affective commitment, continuance commitment, and normative commitment. Specifically, the negative effect was found more on affective commitment and normative commitment, unlike continuance commitment. Consequently, the current study has thrown light on theoretical and managerial implications along with directions for future research.
Interprofessional team training via telemedicine in medical and nursing education
Authors: Härgestam Maria , Morian Hanna , Lindgren Lenita
Published: October 2024

Background

The use of information communication technologies such as telemedicine has increased over the years, offering access to specialized healthcare even in remote locations. However, telemedicine in interprofessional team training is seldom included in medical or nursing programs, and little is known about how to practise these scenarios. This study aimed to explore how medical and nursing students experience teamwork when one team member is participating remotely and digitally.

Methods

Following interprofessional team training in which one team member participated remotely, focus group interviews were conducted with three teams, each comprising one medical student and two nursing students (n = 9 students in total). The focus group interviews were analysed with thematic content analysis. The Systems Engineering Initiative for Patient Safety model was applied as a theoretical framework and served as a lens in the analysis.

Results

Three themes were identified in the analysis: challenging the dynamic of leadership, becoming familiar with a new setting, and finding new strategies to communicate.

Conclusions

The results of this study suggest that future physicians and nurses need to enhance their knowledge of practicing teamwork through telemedicine during their education, as the use of telemedicine continues to grow.
Slow and steady—small, but insufficient, changes in food and drink availability after four years of implementing a healthy food policy in New Zealand hospitals
Authors: Mackay Sally , Rosin Magda , Kidd Bruce , Gerritsen Sarah , Shen Stephanie , Jiang Yannan , Te Morenga Lisa , Ni Mhurchu Cliona
Published: October 2024

Background

A voluntary National Healthy Food and Drink Policy (the Policy) was introduced in public hospitals in New Zealand in 2016. This study assessed the changes in implementation of the Policy and its impact on providing healthier food and drinks for staff and visitors in four district health boards between 1 and 5 years after the initial Policy introduction.

Methods

Repeat, cross-sectional audits were undertaken at the same eight sites in four district health boards between April and August 2017 and again between January and September 2021. In 2017, there were 74 retail settings audited (and 99 in 2021), comprising 27 (34 in 2021) serviced food outlets and 47 (65 in 2021) vending machines. The Policy’s traffic light criteria were used to classify 2652 items in 2017 and 3928 items in 2021. The primary outcome was alignment with the Policy guidance on the proportions of red, amber and green foods and drinks (≥ 55% green ‘healthy’ items and 0% red ‘unhealthy’ items).

Results

The distribution of the classification of items as red, amber and green changed from 2017 to 2021 (p < 0.001) overall and in serviced food outlets (p < 0.001) and vending machines (p < 0.001). In 2021, green items were a higher proportion of available items (20.7%, n = 815) compared to 2017 (14.0%, n = 371), as were amber items (49.8%, n = 1957) compared to 2017 (29.2%, n = 775). Fewer items were classified as red in 2021 (29.4%, n = 1156) than in 2017 (56.8%, n = 1506). Mixed dishes were the most prevalent green items in both years, representing 11.4% (n = 446) of all items in 2021 and 5.5% (n = 145) in 2017. Fewer red packaged snacks (11.6%, n = 457 vs 22.5%, n = 598) and red cold drinks (5.2%, n = 205 vs 12.5%, n = 331) were available in 2021 compared to 2017. However, at either time, no organisation or setting met the criteria for alignment with the Policy (≥ 55% green items, 0% red items).

Conclusions

Introduction of the Policy improved the relative healthiness of food and drinks available, but the proportion of red items remained high. More dedicated support is required to fully implement the Policy.
A rare case of IgG4-related aortitis in the thoracic aorta mimicking an intramural hematoma: navigating the diagnostic labyrinth
Authors: Alemany Victor S. , Fortier Jacqueline , Gupta Himanshu , Zaider Arik , Grau Juan , Burns Paul , Jabagi Habib
Published: October 2024

A 54-year-old female presented with recurrent abdominal pain and new onset chest pain. Chest computed-tomography angiogram detected a thoracic aortic aneurysm with suspected Type A intramural hematoma (IMH) versus aortitis. Initially, conservative management was pursued while awaiting a definitive diagnosis. Differential workup was negative, while additional imaging modalities favored IMH, prompting expedited surgical intervention. During ascending aortic and hemiarch replacement, severe aortitis was unexpectedly discovered without evidence of IMH. Histopathological examination of the aortic specimens identified transmural aortic inflammation with lymphoplasmacytic infiltrate and irregular fibrosis. Numerous IgG4-positive plasma cells were present with IgG4/IgG ratio of 40–50% suggesting IgG4-related disease (IgG4-RD). Subsequent analysis revealed B cells positive for clonal IgH gene rearrangement, and bone marrow biopsy then revealed the same clonal B cells. She was ultimately diagnosed with CLL, the most common phenotype of monoclonal B-cell lymphocytosis, thought to account for the IgG4-predominant plasma cells causing aortitis. Although rare, this case highlights the importance of considering IgG4-related disease (IgG4-RD) as a cause of aortitis when assessing symptomatic patients with aortic pathologies, emphasizing the complexities involved in diagnosing due to a variety of imaging presentation, differentiating, and managing large-vessel vasculitides. Moreover, it underscores the importance of Multidisciplinary Aortic Team care and the use of multiple diagnostic modalities in evaluating ambiguous aortic pathologies.
Can probiotics trigger a paradigm shift for cleaning healthcare environments? A narrative review
Authors: Denkel Luisa A. , Voss Andreas , Caselli Elisabetta , Dancer Stephanie J. , Leistner Rasmus , Gastmeier Petra , Widmer Andreas F.
Published: October 2024

Background

The environment of healthcare institutions plays a major role in the transmission of multidrug resistant organisms (MDRO) and likely in subsequent healthcare-associated infections (HAIs). Probiotic cleaning products are a novel option for environmental cleaning. They represent a sustainable and biodegradable alternative to conventional chemical disinfectants for controlling microbial bioburden, and preventing pathogen transmission in hospital environments. High-quality studies including randomized clinical trials (RCT) triggered a summary with expert recommendations until further studies allow a critical review and meta-analysis of the data.

Methods

Infection control experts from five European countries summarized available data as of June 2023. Authors presented their published RCTs, reviewed the existing literature on probiotic cleaning, summarized the results and identified knowledge gaps and subsequent research needs.

Results

Probiotic cleaning was similarly effective for reducing HAI-related pathogens, enveloped viruses such as SARS-CoV-2 and MDRO in environmental samples compared to conventional chemical disinfectants. More importantly, probiotic cleaning was non-inferior to disinfectants in terms of preventing HAI in a large RCT. In addition, probiotic cleaning has also been shown to reduce antimicrobial resistance genes (ARG), costs and antimicrobial consumption in other hospital trials. They are biodegradable, do not require any protection for chemical hazards, and are compliant with occupational health. A paradigm shift, however, requires a very strong evidence to justify for such a change. In the past, this evidence was limited by the heterogeneity of study design, products, protocols, and few studies on clinical outcomes used in the trials. Furthermore, the regulatory, safety, and quality aspects of probiotic cleaning products are not, yet, completely defined and require clearing by authorities.

Conclusion

To date, probiotic cleaning is a breakthrough technology and a biological alternative for chemical disinfectant when treating hospital environment. It may also have a positive effect on MDRO transmission. However, the different compositions of probiotic products will require standardization, and more robust data should be generated to support these promising results on different compositions. This may trigger a paradigm shift in cleaning of healthcare institutions from chemical to biological control of the hospital environment.
Soluble PD-L1 as a novel biomarker predicts poor outcomes and disease progression in de novo myelodysplastic syndromes
Authors: Yang Xingcheng , Jiang Lijun , Zhang Xiaoying , Peng Juan , Qian Hu , Huang Lifang , He Shaolong , Wang Zhiqiong , Chen Liting , Zhang Yicheng , Ma Ling , Chen Yuan , Wei Jia
Published: October 2024

The role of the compromised immune microenvironment, including immune checkpoints, in myelodysplastic syndromes (MDS) has been identified as critical This study aimed to investigate the expression patterns of immune checkpoints, particularly soluble PD-1/PD-L1 (sPD-1/sPD-L1) as well as PD-1 on effector T cell subsets, and assess their prognostic value and potential regulatory roles in MDS. 161 MDS patients were enrolled, including 129 patients were primarily diagnosed with de novo MDS, together with 59 MDS patients who underwent hypomethylating agents (HMAs) therapy. Plasma sPD-L1 level was elevated in newly diagnosed MDS patients, which was also found to be associated with MDS disease progression that further increase in higher IPSS-R score group. Patients with increased sPD-L1 expression at diagnosis exhibited notably poorer overall survival, and multivariate Cox analysis indicated that elevated sPD-L1 was an independent risk factor. Furthermore, the levels of multiple cytokines and membrane-bound PD-1 on T cells were found to correlate with sPD-1/sPD-L1 levels in plasma. Importantly, we also found sPD-L1 levels significantly increased in MDS patients who showed progression of disease following HMAs therapy. In conclusion, we found elevated plasma sPD-L1 levels in MDS patients are associated with disease progression and poorer overall survival. This study showed that sPD-L1 is a potential biomarker for prognosis and a target for immunotherapy in MDS.
Predictive biomarkers in colorectal adenocarcinoma – a Brazilian perspective on current and future practices
Authors: Campos Antonio Hugo José Fróes Marques , Auresco Luciana Campi , Marins Lidiane Vieira , Divino Paulo Henrique do Amor , Sabbaga Jorge , Hoff Paulo Marcelo
Published: October 2024

Predictive biomarkers of response to therapy are fundamental for the personalized therapeutic management of patients with colorectal carcinoma (CRC). The main predictive biomarkers related to CRC are the mismatch repair proteins/microsatellite instability status (MMR/MSI status), RAS/RAF mutation status and HER2 status. We discuss the scenarios in which these biomarkers are used and address different aspects that may affect the evaluation of each biomarker. We also address the increasingly recognized importance of circulating tumor DNA (ctDNA) testing in the management of stage II-III CRC as well as the role of the pathologist in this setting.
Bearing fault diagnosis based on enhanced Canberra distance feature in SDP image
Authors: Peng Jigang , Wang Wei , Sun Yongjian
Published: October 2024

Feature enhancement is important in mechanical equipment fault diagnosis. A limited set of characteristic parameters is insufficient for diagnosing bearing signals with multiple fault types. The presence of noise increases the difficulty of extracting fault features from images. To address the challenge of diagnosing rolling bearing faults in complex environments, this study presents an enhanced weighted image fusion framework aimed at enhancing fault features within the images, which enables accurate diagnosis of bearing faults using a limited number of features. The proposed method encompasses four distinct stages. In the first stage, a symmetrized dot pattern method is employed to transform one-dimensional time-series data into two-dimensional images, visualizing the signal in a 2D format. In the second stage, image binarization and an improved weighted fusion method are utilized to simplify subsequent processing and enhance the image features. The third stage involves extracting the image’s contrast and maximum singular value to improve the Canberra distance calculation. Finally, the enhanced Canberra distance is used for classifying bearing faults. Performance testing of the image feature enhancement is conducted on various datasets containing rolling bearings. Comparative experiments with alternative enhancement methods demonstrate the superiority of the proposed improved weighted image fusion framework. Comparative experiments with the original Canberra distance validate the effectiveness of the enhanced Canberra distance. Additionally, experiments conducted in noisy environments confirm the robustness of the proposed approach. Furthermore, the image feature enhancement method is applied to other bearing datasets, and the experimental results demonstrate its effectiveness in enhancing fault feature representation and achieving accurate diagnosis of rolling bearings.
Evaluation of the impacts of climate change on coastal water systems and infrastructure, and measures for adaptation and management
Authors: Ρουκούνης Χαράλαμπος-Νικόλαος
Published: October 2024

Η παρούσα διδακτορική διατριβή διερευνά τις επιπτώσεις της κλιματικής αλλαγής στις παράκτιες αστικές περιοχές, εστιάζοντας στην αξιολόγηση της ανθεκτικότητας και την ανάπτυξη ενός μοντέλου βασισμένου σε πράκτορες (Agent-Based Model - ABM) για την υποστήριξη στρατηγικών προσαρμογής στην κλιματική αλλαγή. Η μελέτη εισάγει έναν νέο δείκτη ανθεκτικότητας των ακτών (CResI), ο οποίος ενσωματώνει 19 παραμέτρους κατηγοριοποιημένες σε έξι παράγοντες, χρησιμοποιώντας την Αναλυτική Ιεραρχική Διαδικασία (Analytic Hierarchy Process-AHP) και τεχνικές GIS. Τα αποτελέσματα δείχνουν ότι το 25% της περιοχής μελέτης βρίσκεται σε κίνδυνο, τονίζοντας την ανάγκη για μέτρα προσαρμογής. Για την υποστήριξη του σχεδιασμού προσαρμογής σε τοπική κλίμακα, η διατριβή αναπτύσσει εξατομικευμένα σενάρια κλιματικής αλλαγής (GR-RCPxSSP) προσαρμόζοντας διεθνή σενάρια στο κοινωνικοοικονομικό και περιβαλλοντικό πλαίσιο της Ελλάδας. Τέλος, παρουσιάζεται το Μοντέλο Παράκτιας Ανθεκτικότητας βασισμένο σε πράκτορες (CRes-ABM), το οποίο ενσωματώνει τα προσαρμοσμένα σενάρια κλιματικής αλλαγής, τα γεωχωρικά δεδομένα και τις στρατηγικές προσαρμογής για την παραγωγή χαρτών ανθεκτικότητας. Η αξιολόγηση των μέτρων προσαρμογής και ο καθορισμός των ορίων δράσης πραγματοποιούνται μέσω έρευνας ερωτηματολογίου σε ειδικούς και εμπλεκόμενους φορείς. Ως μελέτη περίπτωσης επιλέχθηκε το νοτιοδυτικό παραλιακό μέτωπο της Αττικής. Τα αποτελέσματα του μοντέλου δείχνουν ότι οι αλληλεπιδράσεις των πρακτόρων (agents) διαμορφώνουν σε μεγάλο βαθμό το επίπεδο ανθεκτικότητας κάθε περιοχής. Εκτός από τα αναμενόμενα μέτρα αντιμετώπισης, όπως τα σκληρά μέτρα προστασίας, απλούστερες αποφάσεις επηρεάζουν σημαντικά το συνολικό επίπεδο ανθεκτικότητας.
Features of postural disorders and motivational priorities regarding health activities of women of the first period of adulthood
Authors: Grygus Igor , Rebrov Volodymyr , Gamma Tetyana
Published: October 2024

Relevance. There are factors of the physical environment and/or physical conditions of activity, namely, work mode, information flows, working posture at a personal computer, muscle tension, etc. that specialists include into the list of intra-organizational conditions of activity having a negative effect on human health. Most of people who are in the above-described technogenic conditions are restricted in their movements.
Research tasks. Determining the features of posture types of women aged 23-27. Studying the motivational priorities of the studied contingent. Determining statistically significant relationships between age, type of posture and socio-pedagogical profile of women of the first period of adulthood.
Research results. Only 24.8% of women were found to have normal posture, while the rest suffered from postural disorders, with round back being the most common disorder found of 40.7% of women, associated with excessive curvature of the thoracic spine. A flat back is observed at 26.6% of women, and a scoliotic posture is found of 7.9% of women.
It is worth noting that women of the first period of adulthood show a high interest in physical education and sports rehabilitation. The main motivational priorities include the health motive is the most important incentive for the majority of women (62.2%), which indicates their desire to maintain and improve their health. The aesthetic motive ranks second in importance (24.3%), emphasizing the importance of appearance for these women. The emotional motive (10.8%) also has a certain significance, indicating the importance of positive emotions and well-being from classes. Communicative and professional motives occupy lower positions, which may indicate a lower orientation towards social interactions or professional benefits from physical activity.
Conclusions. It is determined that time constraints, family responsibilities, and lack of awareness were identified as major barriers for regular physical activity, as married and divorced women may have less time for physical activity due to family responsibilities. The lack of support from the environment can also reduce motivation for physical activities, this is evidenced by the fact that most women (81.08%) prefer classes in physical culture and health groups or sections, and independent classes are not popular among participants.
Key neuroprotective mechanisms of the MIND diet - a review paper
Authors: Szafrańska Weronika , Kahan Weronika , Poborowska Dominika , Wojaczek Marta , Polańska Katarzyna , Kras Magdalena , Kosińska Agnieszka , Niedbał Piotr , Lelek Katarzyna , Łata Marcin
Published: October 2024

Introduction and purpose:
Impaired cognitive function is a growing public health problem, where dementia is affecting about 47 million people worldwide, and that number is expected to triple by 2050. The MIND (Mediterranean-DASH Intervention for Neurodegenerative Delay) diet is intended to overcome this problem. This article aims to raise awareness of the MIND diet, highlighting how dietary choices can promote cognitive health and delay disease progression.
Brief description of the state of knowledge:
The MIND diet focuses on foods that support cognitive health and may mitigate these degenerative processes. It emphasizes green leafy vegetables, berries, nuts, olive oil, whole grains, fish, and poultry while limiting red meat, dairy, sweets, and fried foods. These products contain several components with multidirectional neuroprotective effects.
Material and method:
This work was based on material found on Google Scholar. Articles were selected based on citation counts, publication dates, and relevance, ensuring a comprehensive review of recent findings on the MIND diet's impact on cognitive health.
Summary:
The MIND diet enhances brain health by incorporating nutrient-dense foods that reduce inflammation, combat oxidative stress, and support neuronal function. Green leafy vegetables, berries, nuts, whole grains, and healthy fats work together to improve cognitive function, support synaptic plasticity, and protect brain structure, leading to slower cognitive decline and a lower risk of neurodegenerative diseases.
Code and Data Repository for Disjunctive Rule Lists
Authors: Ragodos Ronilo , Wang Tong
Published: October 2024

This is the code for Disjunctive Rule Set, which is a rule-based model for classification.
Do porto de Santos ao rio Douro:
Authors: De Mattos Renato
Published: October 2024

Embora a relevância das atividades mercantis praticadas em São Paulo em fins do século XVIII e início do XIX tenha sido demonstrada por pesquisas recentes, a exemplo dos trabalhos de Oliveira (2016), Medicci (2010) e Bittencourt (2006), ainda são escassos os estudos dedicados especificamente à análise da trajetória dos homens de negócio que integravam os grupos que à época disputavam a primazia sobre o comércio marítimo praticado a partir do porto de Santos. Nesse sentido, assume especial importância o exame da atuação de José Antônio Vieira de Carvalho, representante da Companhia Geral da Agricultura das Vinhas do Alto Douro em São Paulo e um dos principais membros da elite mercantil santista nos anos que antecederam a Independência. A partir da revisão da bibliografia referente ao tema e da análise da correspondência oficial dos capitães-generais paulistas, dos registros da movimentação portuária de Santos remetidos ao Conselho Ultramarino e dos passaportes emitidos às embarcações empenhadas no comércio atlântico, constata-se os nexos que articulavam comerciantes radicados em São Paulo e seus correspondentes de outras partes do Império português, bem como seus principais concorrentes, dentre eles, alguns dos mais importantes negociantes do Centro-Sul da colônia no início do século XIX.
negócios do açúcar em Lisboa na primeira década pombalina:
Authors: De Oliveira Lélio Luiz , Leite Marcondes Renato
Published: October 2024

O objetivo é analisar um elo vital da cadeia mercantil do grande negócio do açúcar entre os anos de 1752 a 1761, por meio do despacho na Alfândega de Lisboa. A documentação revelou os agentes do açúcar e a quantidade tributada segundo a origem e o destino, formando um perfil da oferta brasileira, do consumo em Portugal e da reexportação. Verificamos uma ampla gama de agentes açucareiros, compreendendo desde os grandes negociantes nacionais e estrangeiros direcionados à reexportação até um elevado número de pessoas distribuindo diminutas quantidades para o mercado interno. Por fim, notamos uma concentração extraordinária e a persistência nos negócios dos agentes de maior porte relativamente aos pequenos.
Martins Lage e Mattos Costa:
Authors: Mantuano da Fonseca Thiago Vinicius
Published: October 2024

O presente artigo objetiva contribuir com o conhecimento sobre os negociantes na praça do Rio de Janeiro e suas conexões atlânticas, no século XIX. A pesquisa tem como objeto os primeiros quinze anos de formação e experiência na trajetória pessoal de negócios de Antônio Martins Lage (1825-1900), mas recupera as condições antecedentes que este negociante encontrou tanto nos negócios familiares herdados de seus pais, os Martins Lage, quanto no legado da experiência de associação familiar com o seu sogro, Joaquim de Mattos Costa. O texto conclui que Antônio Martins Lage logrou alcançar lugar de destaque, enquanto negociante e proprietário de capital mercantil, agindo na reiteração de processos históricos imbricados que delineavam um quadro de revitalização da escravidão, construção do Estado Nacional e arraigamento da subordinação brasileira na Divisão Internacional do Trabalho através do pleno funcionamento de sua economia agrário-exportadora.
Splashing about
Authors: Baker Charlotte
Published: October 2024

Accidental drowning is among the leading causes of death for children globally. Dr Charlotte Baker, associate lecturer at Derby University, shares more about the importance and benefits of introducing infants to swimming at a young age.
Sliding hip screw versus intramedullary nail for trochanteric hip fracture regarding death within 120 days and ability to return to independent living
Authors: Greve Katarina , Ek Stina , Bartha Erzsébet , Modig Karin , Hedström Margareta
Published: October 2024

Aims

The primary aim of this study was to compare surgical methods (sliding hip screw (SHS) vs intramedullary nailing (IMN)) for trochanteric hip fracture in relation to death within 120 days after surgery and return to independent living. The secondary aim was to assess whether the associations between surgical method and death or ability to return to independent living varied depending on fracture subtype or other patient characteristics.

Methods

A total of 27,530 individuals from the Swedish Hip Fracture Register RIKSHÖFT (SHR) aged ≥ 70 years, admitted to hospital between 1 January 2014 and 31 December 2019 with trochanteric hip fracture, were included. Within this cohort, 12,041 individuals lived independently at baseline, had follow-up information in the SHR, and were thus investigated for return to independent living. Death within 120 days after surgery was analyzed using Cox regression with SHS as reference and adjusted for age and fracture type. Return to independent living was analyzed using logistic regression adjusted for age and fracture type. Analyses were repeated after stratification by fracture type, age, and sex.

Results

Overall, 2,171 patients (18%) who were operated with SHS and 2,704 patients (18%) who were operated with IMN died within 120 days after surgery. Adjusted Cox regression revealed no difference in death within 120 days for the whole group (hazard ratio 0.97 (95% CI 0.91 to 1.03)), nor after stratification by fracture type. In total, 3,714 (66%) patients who were operated with SHS and 4,147 (64%) patients who were operated with IMN had returned to independent living at follow-up. There was no significant difference in return to independent living for the whole group (odds ratio 0.95 (95% CI 0.87 to 1.03)), nor after stratification by fracture type.

Conclusion

No overall difference was observed in death within 120 days or return to independent living following surgery for trochanteric hip fracture, depending on surgical method (SHS vs IMN) in this recent Swedish cohort, but there was a suggested benefit for SHS in subgroups of patients.

Cite this article: Bone Jt Open 2024;5(10):843–850.
Seed and grain yield and quality of wheat subjected to advanced harvest using a physiological ripening process
Authors: Jair Rigotti Eric , Ricardo Carvalho Ivan , Vieira Loro Murilo , Cesar Pradebon Leonardo , Pedro Dalla Roza João , Piesanti Sangiovo Jaqueline
Published: October 2024

This study aimed to evaluate the yield performance, physiological and nutritional quality of wheat seeds and grains subjected to times of application of a physiological ripening agent in pre-harvest. The experiment was arranged in a randomized block design and the treatments were six times of application of the physiological process of ripening in three replications. The applications were carried out at the ealy milk stage, milk stage, early dough stage, soft dough stage, hard dough stage and a control with no application. Yield, nutritional characteristics and the physiological quality of the seeds were evaluated. Analysis of variance and the Skott Knott test were performed at 5% probability. Linear correlation coefficients between pairs of traits were calculated. The application of the physiological process of ripening from the soft dough stage did not affect wheat grain yield. Wheat seed germination was not impacted when the physiological process of ripening was applied from the hard dough stage. The use of the ripening agent reduced the vigor of wheat seeds, regardless of the time of application. The presence of protein in grains was not influenced by the application of the physiological ripening agent. Starch had the greatest expression when the physiological process of ripening was applied between the milk stage and the early dough stage.
The Fall of Constantinople: A Critical Analysis of Its Bearing on Islamophobia Discourse
Authors: Qureshi Ali
Published: October 2024

This essay examines the fall of Constantinople in 1453 as a critical juncture for the playing out of Chrisitan-Muslim relations. Particularly, this historical moment demonstrates the significant theological schism between Orthodox and Latin Christianity that overshadowed the external threat posed by the Ottomans. The fall marked the end of the Eastern Roman Empire and highlighted the deep-rooted theological tensions within Christianity, tensions that were so profound that many Orthodox Christians preferred Ottoman rule over submission to the Latin Church. This preference stemmed from a desire to maintain theological autonomy and avoid the doctrinal compromises required by the Latin Church. The essay critically assesses the contemporary scholarship on Christian Islamophobia, arguing that it often overlooks the internal Christian divisions and portrays Christianity as a monolithic entity united against Islam. By focusing on the diverse Christian attitudes towards the Ottomans, particularly the Orthodox perspective, the essay demonstrates that the fear of theological compromise with the Latins was considered a worse fate than Muslim conquest. This analysis challenges the prevailing narratives in Islamophobia literature by highlighting the necessity of acknowledging intra-Christian tensions to fully understand the historical dynamics of Christianity and Islamophobia. Through an exploration of various Christian responses to the Ottoman threat and the subsequent establishment of the millet system, the essay advocates for a more nuanced portrayal of Christianity’s internal divisions and their impact on the construction of Christian identity and attitudes towards Islam.
Between Appeal to Citizenship and Biopolitical Fracture: Islamophobia and the New Politics of Muslim Citizenship in India
Authors: Kunnummal Ashraf
Published: October 2024

This article aims to analyze the Islamophobic politics at the heart of citizenship denial in the context of India’s CAA-NRC legislation in December 2019 by the Indian Parliament under the leadership of the BJP. The politics of citizenship denial in India thus emerges in appearance as a legal tussle between the Muslim minority citizenship rights and Hindu nationalism in India. However, the biopolitical fracture of the Indian nation-state makes the legal ideal of citizenship further complicated for Muslim minority citizens in India. Tracing the logic of the paradoxical position of Muslim citizenship discourse in India by following its contradictory existence in law, state, and nationalism, this article reveals the limitations of appeal to citizenship, and the necessity need for the question questioning of the biopolitical fracture, wherein the distinction between citizen and non-citizen translates into those with rights and without rights. This article further proposes that rather than sticking to the idealism of citizenship, a critical analysis of Islamophobia and its political correlates must attend to the negative position of the Muslim subject in with respect to the biopolitical fracture at the core of Indian nationalism and the modern nation-state.
The lives of young fathers
Authors: Neale Bren , Tarrant Anna
Published: October 2024

This chapter presents an integrated review of existing social research and demographic evidence on the lives and support needs of young fathers, drawing on a growing international body of studies. It reveals a fragmented range of qualitative studies, and a paucity of dynamic evidence that traces these lives through time. The discussion explores how orthodox construction of young fatherhood (and young parenthood more generally) as a social problem has fed into and shaped the findings of earlier studies. It also highlights a more recent counter-narrative (a social engagement framework), based on qualitative investigations into the lived experiences of young fatherhood, that reveals the efforts of young men to be there for their children. Overall, the chapter reveals gaps in the existing evidence base and raises new dynamic questions that the Following Young Fathers study seeks to address.
Young breadwinners? Education, employment and training trajectories
Authors: Neale Bren , Tarrant Anna
Published: October 2024

This chapter broadens the focus of enquiry to consider the wider institutional opportunities and constraints that shape the lives of young fathers. It highlights the young men’s aspirations to provide materially and financially for their children (the ‘breadwinner’ ideology) and how this ideology dovetails with the ethos of engaged fatherhood. The young men’s varied pathways through education, employment and training (EET) are traced here, revealing the sheer hard work of managing a triple burden of earning, learning and caring over time. The evidence sheds light on the very different EET trajectories that were unfolding for the young men (ranging from skilled to semi-skilled to low-skilled), and the impact of these trajectories on their ability to provide for their children. In considering the policy implications of these findings, the chapter re-appraises a normative framework that assumes that early parenthood ‘causes’ social deprivation, and a welfare framework that regards the EET needs and aspirations of young people as a low priority. Debates about a so-called parenting deficit are revisited here. The chapter highlights a counter narrative that establishes poverty as the underlying driver of both social disadvantage and fragile relationships for substantial numbers of young fathers.
Franchises, start-ups and disruptive innovation: Teach for All and the ‘independent graduate schools of education’
Authors: Ellis Viv , Gatti Lauren , Mansell Warwick
Published: October 2024

Chapter Four begins with an analysis of the global teacher education brand, Teach for All (TfA). The origins of the TfA movement and the examples of (officially) Teach For America, Teach First (England) and (unofficially) Teach First Norway are examined as examples of franchises with varying degrees of ‘branding compliance’ with different organisational bases but with more or less the same ‘unifying principles’. The chapter then turns to the US idea of the independent graduate schools of education, focusing particularly on the Relay Graduate School, the largest in the country. The influence of the USA is then shown in England in the form of the start-up Institute of Teaching, founded (with significant government backing) by a travelling policy entrepreneur, and the eventual foundation of a National Institute of Teaching in England. These examples are analysed in relation to the literature on disruptive innovation but also in relation to the different operation of markets for teacher education programmes in the USA and England and the different positioning of the consumer (potential teacher).
Whatever happened to the Black working class?
Authors: Warmington Paul
Published: October 2024

Up until the 1980s there was still a fraction in Britain clinging to the fancy that communities of colour could literally be erased from British society. Today those dreams have been replaced by discursive erasure, comprising facile postracialism, colourblind policy approaches and virulent antagonism to antiracist voices. Another powerful dimension is the disqualification of the Black and Brown working class. Since the 2000s there has been relentless policy and media focus on Britain’s (and specifically England’s) ‘White working class’. What has this racialised reimagining of working-class identity meant for those in Black and Brown working-class communities who, in policy and public debate, have been positioned outside Britain’s class matrix. This chapter examines the discursive repositioning of Black and Brown working-class communities: not only as outside of working-class identity, but often as the cause of White working-class loss, as a legitimate grievance. It explores the persistence of neo-Powellism in debates on race, class and migration in Britain; post-industrial rearticulations of race and class; the transatlantic emergence of the discourse of the ‘left behind’; and the ‘social death’ implicit in disqualification from class identity.
Teachers’ perceptions of their roles
Authors: Samuel Ruth
Published: October 2024

This chapter outlines teacher’s perceptions of their roles. This includes their social relationships with students and colleagues, expectations of behaviour from students, dynamics of the classroom and motivations to become a teacher. Family expectations and roles are also examined, as this provides a crucial foundation for understanding why women from low-income backgrounds choose to teach and how this contributes to their need to stay within the profession.
Teachers’ perspectives on navigating social spaces
Authors: Samuel Ruth
Published: October 2024

This chapter examines the way teachers defined their social spaces in terms of who was part of their community and who was outside this. The definition of community itself is explored in this chapter in relation to teacher relationships that maintain social cohesion by avoiding internal conflict and protecting each other from external intrusion. This chapter also builds on teachers’ understanding of core neoliberal ideologies that have defined education policy in India, by commenting on what a meaningful life is for themselves.
The less things change: conservatism, COVID-19 and incoherence in education policy
Authors: Ball Stephen J.
Published: October 2024

The ’story’ of Conservative education policy (2015–23) can be told two ways. One way highlights some underlying principles that have a ‘history’ in Conservative political thought; the other emphasises muddle and lack of direction. This chapter gives some consideration to each. The education policies of the Conservative governments since 2010 have exemplified and continued the main trends and tensions initiated by the Conservative administrations led by Margaret Thatcher (1979–90). First, a neoconservative commitment to traditional and canonical principles and priorities – particularly as regards the school curriculum, a form of ‘restorationism’. Education is peculiar and exceptional in regard to the importance of this assertive nostalgia. Second, a neoliberal commitment to competition and choice, and a general commodification, commercialisation and ‘destatalisation’ of education.
The Conservatives, family policy and the data revolution
Authors: Gillies Val , Edwards Rosalind
Published: October 2024

This chapter explores how technocratic social imaginaries have reshaped family policy under recent conservative administrations. We demonstrate how a vision of digital governance has led to an increasing translation of parents and children into digital data points in order to monitor, target and ‘nudge’ family lives. The chapter follows the trajectory of this policy logic towards automation and algorithmic governance, tracing developments through the Cameron, May and Johnson administrations. The resulting financialisation of family intervention projects and routine involvement of private industry and investors is highlighted as a key driver of this digital turn. We show how expensive technological infrastructures are redrawing family state boundaries without the knowledge or consent of those impacted, and we consider the potential impact of this.
Snakes and ladders: aspirations and barriers
Authors: Powell Fred , Scanlon Margaret , Leahy Patrick , Jenkinson Hilary , Byrne Olive
Published: October 2024

This chapter explores aspirations, barriers and facilitators in relation to disadvantaged students’ access to higher education. We ask whether an aspiration-achievement gap in student performance in the terminal examination system – ‘the Big Test’ – is an adequate explanation for the stark disparity in achievement between social classes and ethnic groups, or if this is due to a poverty trap.
Social class and parental attitudes to education and career choices
Authors: Powell Fred , Scanlon Margaret , Leahy Patrick , Jenkinson Hilary , Byrne Olive
Published: October 2024

This chapter focuses on parental engagement with their children’s educational and career choices, and how attitudes to education within working-class communities appear to have changed over time.
Conclusion: Global lessons
Authors: Powell Fred , Scanlon Margaret , Leahy Patrick , Jenkinson Hilary , Byrne Olive
Published: October 2024

This concluding chapter examines the challenges involved in deepening equality in the education system and society at large – globally and locally.
Building communities
Authors: O'Reilly Carina
Published: October 2024

This chapter looks at the possibility that neighbourhood policing might help to build good communities. It examines the evidence around social capital, collective efficacy and the ways that policing can contribute to these – as well as the idea that modern urban communities are very different and informal social control may no longer rest on a willingness to actively intervene. Finally it examines emerging models for developing the relationship between police forces and the communities they serve, but also the arguments that the police remit is already too broad.