bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
A quantile variant of the expectation–maximization algorithm and its application to parameter estimation with interval data
Authors: Park Chanseok
Published: June 2018

The expectation–maximization algorithm is a powerful computational technique for finding the maximum likelihood estimates for parametric models when the data are not fully observed. The expectation–maximization is best suited for situations where the expectation in each E-step and the maximization in each M-step are straightforward. A difficulty with the implementation of the expectation–maximization algorithm is that each E-step requires the integration of the log-likelihood function in closed form. The explicit integration can be avoided by using what is known as the Monte Carlo expectation–maximization algorithm. The Monte Carlo expectation–maximization uses a random sample to estimate the integral at each E-step. But the problem with the Monte Carlo expectation–maximization is that it often converges to the integral quite slowly and the convergence behavior can also be unstable, which causes computational burden. In this paper, we propose what we refer to as the quantile variant of the expectation–maximization algorithm. We prove that the proposed method has an accuracy of [Formula: see text], while the Monte Carlo expectation–maximization method has an accuracy of [Formula: see text]. Thus, the proposed method possesses faster and more stable convergence properties when compared with the Monte Carlo expectation–maximization algorithm. The improved performance is illustrated through the numerical studies. Several practical examples illustrating its use in interval-censored data problems are also provided.
Performance assessment of density and level-set topology optimisation methods for three dimensional heat sink design
Authors: Santhanakrishnan Mani Sekaran , Tilford Timothy , Bailey Christopher
Published: June 2018

In this paper, two most prevalent topological optimisation approaches namely Density and Level set method are applied to a three dimensional heat sink design problem. The relative performance of the two approaches is compared in terms of design quality, robustness and computational speed. The work is original as for the first time it demonstrates the relative advantages and disadvantages for each method when applied to a practical engineering problem. It is additionally novel in that it presents the design of a convectively cooled heat sink by solving full thermo-fluid equations for two different solid-fluid material sets. Further, results are validated using a separate computational fluid dynamics study with the optimised designs are compared against a standard pin-fin-based heat sink design. The results show that the Density method demonstrates better performance in terms of robustness and computational speed, while Level-set method yields a better quality design in terms of final objective value.
An actor-critic-based portfolio investment method inspired by benefit-risk optimization
Authors: Tang Lili
Published: June 2018

How to get maximal benefit within a range of risk in securities market is a very interesting and widely concerned issue. Meanwhile, as there are many complex factors that affect securities’ activity, such as the risk and uncertainty of the benefit, it is very difficult to establish an appropriate model for investment. Aiming at solving the curse of dimension and model disaster caused by the problem, we use the approximate dynamic programming to set up a Markov decision model for the multi-time segment portfolio with transaction cost. A model-based actor-critic algorithm under uncertain environment is proposed, where the optimal value function is obtained by iteration on the basis of the constrained risk range and a limited number of funds, and the optimal investment of each period is solved by using the dynamic planning of limited number of fund ratio. The experiment indicated that the algorithm could get a stable investment, and the income could grow steadily.
On the Role of Color in Reading and Comprehension Tasks in Dyslexic Children and Adults
Authors: Pinna Baingio , Deiana Katia
Published: June 2018

We investigated the effect of chromatic variations on the reading process with normal and dyslexic readers. We demonstrate that color can induce wholeness, parts-whole organization and phenomenal fragmentation during reading and comprehension tasks within written texts made up of words and non-words in the following conditions: monochromatic (the whole text colored with only one color), word (each word colored in different color), half word (half word colored with a color different from the one of the second half), syllable (every syllable colored with a different color) and letter (each letter with a different color). The dependent variables considered were reading time, reading errors and incorrect answers to a comprehension test. The main results demonstrated that these parameters of reading performance are all influenced by the five aforementioned chromatic conditions. These outcomes manifest similar trends in four groups of readers: children and adults combined with normal or dyslexic readers. Possible applied research and clinical applications are discussed together with some basic questions related to color vision suggesting that the main purposes of color for living beings is to generate wholeness, parts-whole organization and perceptual segmentation.
Is it time to change? Portable echocardiography demonstrates high prevalence of abnormalities in self-presenting members of a rural community in Kyrgyzstan
Authors: James Barron Anthony , Aijigitov Turgunbai , Baltabaeva Aigul
Published: June 2018

Objectives

Cardiovascular disease accounts for 42% of male and 51% of female mortality within Europe. Kyrgyzstan, population of almost 6 million, has amongst the highest rates within Europe, second only to Uzbekistan for female cardiovascular disease mortality (588 per 100,000). We attempted to identify established cardiovascular disease prevalence within a rural community in Kyrgyzstan using portable echocardiography.

Design

Free open access echocardiography (VIVID-I, GE, USA) was offered to all adults in Batken district. Routine echocardiographic views were obtained and analysis performed using EchoPac Clinical Workstation (GE, USA). Mild valvular regurgitation, mild LV hypertrophy, patent foramen ovales and mild atrial enlargement were considered mild abnormalities; compensated ischaemic or valvular heart disease – moderate abnormalities, and decompensated congenital, ischaemic or valvular disease – severe abnormalities.

Results

One hundred and twenty five adults (48 male, 77 female), mean age 53 ± 16 years, underwent echocardiography. Only 16% of participants had no significant abnormality, 46% had mild disease, 25% moderate, compensated disease and 13% had severe disease. Nine percent had congenital heart disease including one tetralogy of Fallot and one Ebstein’s anomaly. Average LV function was normal, however, 19 participants had EF < 50%. Forty percent of participants had a new diagnosis warranting formal follow-up, 12% a new diagnosis of heart failure.

Conclusion

Using portable echocardiography, we identify a higher than reported prevalence of cardiovascular disease in rural Kyrgyzstan. Absence of portable tools and specialists for early diagnosis might lead to presentation in an advanced stage of disease when little can be done to improve mortality. Embracing remote access diagnostics is essential for disease identification within rural communities.
Nella Larsen's Etiquette Lesson: Small Talk, Racial Passing, and the Novel of Manners
Authors: Krumholtz Matthew
Published: June 2018

This essay explores how novelists of the Harlem Renaissance deploy small talk to disrupt racial identification. Nella Larsen's Passing (1929) serves as a case study showing that small talk magnifies a strange intimacy between passing narratives and etiquette manuals in the early twentieth century. While critics have tended to view small talk under the rubric of gossip, writers of the Harlem Renaissance call attention to the way that small talk enables racial passing by keeping dialogue on neutral and impersonal grounds. Nella Larsen makes peculiarly pronounced use of small talk, which emerges in her fiction as a self-accenting style of racial embodiment and a bold revision to the American novel of manners and to early twentieth-century etiquette manuals. Drawing on sociolinguistics and microsociology, this essay argues that Larsen unsettles the cultural tendency to equate passing with self-denial, converting small talk to an equivocal medium for passing that, paradoxically, makes audible a protest against racial segregation and social regulation.
Modernist Low Vision: Visual Impairment and Weak Narrative in Conrad and Joyce
Authors: Volpicelli Robert
Published: June 2018

Joseph Conrad and James Joyce share an interest in the aesthetic qualities of bad eyesight. Drawing on recent disability theory, this essay shows how Conrad and Joyce make use of disabled or “low” vision to initiate what I call weak narration, the tendency to prioritize the sensory-rich experiences of diminished perception over the normative demands of narrative resolution. Relying on low vision for their hazy, impressionist atmosphere, Conrad's novels specifically form a response to fin de siècle degeneration theory, which links proper perception to a larger narrative of human development. Though Heart of Darkness follows such a formula by using the failure of sight to mark narrative decline, Conrad's later texts, especially The End of the Tether, disrupt any deterministic relationship between sight and progress. Joyce takes up a similar line in Portrait of the Artist as a Young Man, where Stephen Dedalus's low vision draws his attention to sensations that repeatedly distract from his bildungsroman plot. The low-vision characters of Ulysses then offer a conclusion to this strategy in the way they altogether abandon progress to make a narrative of wandering sensations, revealing in the process the centrality of disability to the antidevelopment plot as well as to modernist aesthetics more generally.
"UTILIZATION OF Ammi majus L. FRUITS EXTRACTS AS INHIBITORS FOR MILD STEEL CORROSION IN ACID MEDIA"
Authors: Arab S. T. , Al-Turkustani A. M. , Al-Nami S. Y.
Published: June 2018

The inhibition effect of Ammi majus L. fruit extracts, alcoholic extract (A), aqueous extract (B) and defatting extract (C), on the corrosion of mild steel in 2.0M H2SO4 containing 10% EtOH at 30?C was investigated using chemical, electrochemical and scanning microscopy measurements. It was found that as the concentration of extracts increases, the rate of mild steel corrosion is decreased, which indicates that an inhibition of the corrosion process take place. The decrease of the inhibition efficiency of the extracts was given as: B > C > A, the electrochemical results showed that the extracts A, B and C, act as mixed inhibitors and the corrosion inhibition of mild steel occurred mainly by charge transfer mechanism. The scanning electron microscopy results showed that the changes (pits) on the mild steel surface is due to the effect of acid corrosion became less, the steel surface appears to be unchanged , by the extracts addition. The experimental results fit Langmuir isotherm. Values of equilibrium constant of adsorption Kads. and the standard free energies of adsorption DG?ads. for the extracts, were calculated. The effect of two coumarin compounds was studied by chemical methods in 2.0M H2SO4 containing 10% EtOH separately and in mixture of them. The results showed that: ? As the concentration of studied compounds (Xabthotoxin(I), Imperatorin (II) increased, the rate of mild steel corrosion was decreased. ? The inhibition efficency obtained from the mixture was very high and nearly the same as when the extract was used which supported that the inhibition of A. majus extract is due to the presence of coumarin compounds.
Kajian Kualitas Air Laut dan Indeks Pencemaran Berdasarkan Parameter Fisika-Kimia di Perairan Distrik Depapre, Jayapura
Authors: Hamuna Baigo , Tanjung Rosye H.R. , Suwito Suwito , Maury Hendra Kurniawan , Alianto Alianto
Published: June 2018

ABSTRAKKondisi kualitas air suatu perairan yang baik sangat penting untuk mendukung kelulushidupan organisme yang hidup di dalamnya. Penentuan status mutu air perlu dilakukan sebagai acuan dalam melakukan pemantauan pencemaran kualitas air. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengkaji status mutu air dan menentukan indeks pencemaran berdasarkan parameter fisika-kimia di perairan Distrik Depapre, Kabupaten Jayapura. Pengambilan sampel kualitas air dilakukan pada bulan Oktober 2017 di lima stasiun penelitian, kemudian hasilnya dibandingkan dengan baku mutu air laut untuk biota laut berdasarkan KEPMEN-LH No. 51 Tahun 2004. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa parameter yang masih sesuai baku mutu antara lain suhu, salinitas, sulfida dan kecerahan perairan, sedangkan parameter yang telah melampaui baku mutu antara lain pH, ammonia total, nitrat dan fosfat. Berdasarkan hasil perhitungan indeks pencemaran menunjukkan bahwa perairan Distrik Depapre berada dalam kategori tercemar ringan hingga tercemar sedang.Kata kunci: Baku Mutu, Indeks Pencemaran, Kualitas Air, Parameter Fisika-Kimia, Distrik DepapreABSTRACTGood water quality is extremely important to support life of organisms. The determination of water quality status was needed as reference to monitor water pollution. This study aimed to assess the status of water quality and determine pollution index based on physical-chemical parameters in the Depapre District waters, Jayapura Regency. Sampling was carried out in October 2017 across five research stations, then the results were compared with water quality standards based on KEPMEN-LH No. 51 Tahun 2004 for marine biotas. The results showed that the parameters in according to the quality standards are temperature, salinity, sulphide and water transparency, while those that have exceeded the quality standards are pH, total ammonia, nitrate and phosphate. Based on the calculation of pollution index indicates that the Depapre District waters was in light pollution to medium categories.Keywords: Depapre District, Physical-Chemical Parameters, Pollution Index, Standards, Water QualityCitation: Hamuna, B., Tanjung, H.H.R, Suwito and Maury H.K. (2018).Kajian Kualitas Air Laut dan Indeks Pencemaran Berdasarkan Parameter Fisika-Kimia Di Perairan Distrik Depapre, Jayapura. Judul. Jurnal Ilmu Lingkungan, 16(1), 35-43, doi:10.14710/jil.16.135-43
Street-Level Multiculturalism: Cultural Integration and Identity Politics of African Migrants in Hong Kong
Authors: Shum Terence Chun Tat , 俊达 岑
Published: June 2018

Multiculturalism is about co-existence of diverse cultures. Current literature on multiculturalism mostly uses a top-down approach to examine how the governments adopt different policies to manage cultural diversity. However, how the migrants use their own culture including music to enhance integration is often neglected. This paper uses the experience of African migrants in Hong Kong to reveal an alternative account of multiculturalism. Based on in-depth interviews and participant observation with African drummers, this paper examines the role of African drum as a means of cultural integration. It raises the concept of “street-level multiculturalism” for analysing how African migrants experience and negotiate cultural difference on the ground. It argues that African drum music promotes intercultural contact by arousing curiosity and creating friendly atmosphere. Africans’ engagement in identity politics is based on their marginal status. Their ability to negotiate their African culture and their Hong Kong experience is a politically conscious process.
Vanishing Selves under Hong Kong’s Unified Screening Mechanism
Authors: Lau Pui Yan Flora , Gheorghiu Iulia , 佩欣 刘 , 乔治乌 尤莉亚·
Published: June 2018

Drawing on Erving Goffman’s analysis of total institutions and his concept of mortification of the self, the present article deals with the process of identity construction and identity loss among refugees and asylum seekers in Hong Kong. We argue that the slow pace of processing of political asylum applications as well as the harsh restrictions imposed on rights to work and the minimal welfare provisions for refugees and asylum seekers in Hong Kong operate as means of isolating them from the broader society. Another consequence of these restrictive conditions becomes manifest in the loss of identity experienced by those who have been stuck in Hong Kong for many years waiting for their applications to be processed. Being unable to preserve the sense of identity they had in their countries of origin, they find themselves deprived of the social and institutional resorts necessary to forge a new one.
The Group Theory of Parties: Identity Politics, Party Stereotypes, and Polarization in the 21st Century
Authors: Ahler Douglas J.
Published: June 2018

An emerging narrative contends that 2016 was significant for bridging identity politics and American party conflict. This narrative misses a fundamental truth: for ordinary Americans, partisan identity has always been grounded in their orientations toward groups in society. Thegroup theory of partiesholds that citizens evaluate political parties according to their social stereotypes of Democrats and Republicans, ultimately identifying (or not) with a party that jives with their own self-image. In this essay, I review existing research and summarize several original studies suggesting that citizens’ beliefs about party composition affect their feelings toward Democrats and Republicans. Americans tend to hold shockingly erroneous beliefs about the degree to which stereotypical groups compose the parties – for example, that 38% of Republicans belong to the economic “1%” – and correcting social stereotypes about the out-party reduces polarization between rank-and-file party supporters. Most studies discussed in this essay were conducted before Donald Trump became a candidate, suggesting that 2016 was not the year that identity politics hijacked the parties, but rather the year in which the implicit group basis for mass partisanship became baldly explicit.
Partisanship as Social Identity; Implications for the Study of Party Polarization
Authors: Iyengar Shanto , Krupenkin Masha
Published: June 2018

Partisanship continues to divide Americans. Using data from the American National Election Study, as well as implicit attitude tests, we argue that Americans’ partisan identity has become highly salient. Partisans have become more negative towards the opposing party on both explicit and implicit measures, and these biases spill over into their everyday decisions. Partisanship has become one of Americans’ most salient social identities.
Who is Ideological? Measuring Ideological Consistency in the American Public
Authors: Barber Michael , Pope Jeremy C.
Published: June 2018

Political constraint and issue consistency are key variables in the study of public opinion, but the existing literature contains many parallel but contradictory accounts of the sources and predictors of ideological constraint. Some posit that constraint is essentially a function of a person’s partisan commitment, others suggest it is rooted in participation in politics, while others see a wide range of correlates summarized as “sophistication.” Still others deny that constraint exists in the mass public altogether. Contrary to these accounts, we argue that issue consistency exists within the American public and is best predicted by political knowledge, which should be thought of as separate from those other predictors. In fact, after accounting for political knowledge, other variables like partisanship, participation, and demographic variables have little independent relationship to ideological constraint. The data show that political knowledge is about as strong a predictor of issue consistency as is one’s self-placed ideology – a widely used proxy for constraint. These results help us understand how citizens think about politics and which groups of people most closely resemble elites in the structure of their opinions. Our findings show that previously hypothesized predictors of constraint – particularly partisanship and participation – are mainly related to ideological constraint through a person’s level of political knowledge.
The Oligocene Reifnitz tonalite (Austria) and its host rocks: implications for Cretaceous and Oligocene–Neogene tectonics of the south-eastern Eastern Alps
Authors: Neubauer Franz , Heberer Bianca , Dunkl István , Liu Xiaoming , Bernroider Manfred , Dong Yunpeng
Published: June 2018

In the south-eastern Eastern Alps, the Reifnitz tonalite intruded into the Austroalpine metamorphic basement of the Wörthersee half-window exposed north of the Sarmatian–Pliocene flexural Klagenfurt basin. The Reifnitz tonalite is dated for the first time, and yields a laser ICP-MS U–Pb zircon age of 30.72±0.30 Ma. The (U–Th–Sm)/He apatite age of the tonalite is 27.6 ± 1.8 Ma implying rapid Late Oligocene cooling of the tonalite to ca. 60 °C. The Reifnitz tonalite intruded into a retrogressed amphibolite-grade metamorphic basement with a metamorphic overprint of Cretaceous age (40Ar/39Ar white mica plateau age of 90.7 ± 1.6 Ma). This fact indicates that pervasive Alpine metamorphism of Cretaceous age extends southwards almost up to the Periadriatic fault. Based on the exhumation and erosion history of the Reifnitz tonalite and the hosting Wörthersee half window formed by the Wörthersee anticline, the age of gentle folding of Austroalpine units in the south-eastern part of the Eastern Alps is likely of Oligocene age. North of the Wörthersee antiform, Upper Cretaceous–Eocene, Oligocene and Miocene sedimentary rocks of the Krappfeld basin are preserved in a gentle synform, suggesting that the top of the Krappfeld basin has always been near the Earth’s surface since the Late Cretaceous. The new data imply, therefore, that the Reifnitz tonalite is part of a post-30 Ma antiform, which was likely exhumed, uplifted and eroded in two steps. In the first step, which is dated to ca. 31–27 Ma, rapid cooling to ca. 60 °C and exhumation occurred in an E–W trending antiform, which formed as a result of a regional N–S compression. In the second step of the Sarmatian–Pliocene age a final exhumation occurred in the peripheral bulge in response to the lithospheric flexure in front of the overriding North Karawanken thrust sheet. The Klagenfurt basin developed as a flexural basin at the northern front of the North Karawanken, which represent a transpressive thrust sheet of a positive flower structure related to the final activity along the Periadriatic fault. In the Eastern Alps, on a large scale, the distribution of Periadriatic plutons and volcanics seems to monitor a northward or eastward shift of magmatic activity, with the main phase of intrusions ca. 30 Ma at the fault itself.
Miocene basin opening in relation to the north-eastward tectonic extrusion of the ALCAPA Mega-Unit
Authors: Kováč Michal , Márton Emő , Klučiar Tomáš , Vojtko Rastislav
Published: June 2018

The opening and evolution of the Western Carpathians Miocene basins was closely related to the north-eastward tectonic extrusion of the ALCAPA Mega-Unit lithosphere caused by the final stage of collision of the Eastern Alpine–Western Carpathian orogenic system with the European Platform and Alpine convergence with the Adria plate. The roll back effect of the oceanic or thinned continental crust of the Magura–Krosno realms, subduction below the front of the Carpathians in the north-east, east and relative plate velocities led to gradual stretching of the overriding micro-plates (defined as the ALCAPA and Tisza Dacia Mega-Unit). Diverse movement trajectories of the ALCAPA crustal wedge individual segments (Eastern Alps, Western Carpathians, and Northern Pannonian domain) were accompanied by several counter-clockwise rotational phases. Beside the interpreted Early Miocene “en-block” counter-clockwise rotation, most of the rotations in the Central Western Carpathians were caused by “domino-effect tectonics” inside strike-slip zones and took part in the basin opening, which was in most cases followed by rapid subsidence.
The Rupelian–Chattian transition in the north-western Transylvanian Basin (Romania) revealed by calcareous nannofossils: implications for biostratigraphy and palaeoenvironmental reconstruction
Authors: Kallanxhi Mădălina-Elena , Bălc Ramona , Ćorić Stjepan , Székely Szabolcs-Flavius , Filipescu Sorin
Published: June 2018

Sediments belonging to the Oligocene Vima Formation (located in the north-western part of the Transylvanian Basin, Romania) have been investigated for calcareous nannofossils content. Biostratigraphically, the sedimentary succession is late Rupelian–Chattian in age, belonging to the NP24 —Sphenolithus distentusand NP25 —Sphenolithus ciperoensisbiozones, to CP19a —Cyclicargolithus floridanusand CP19b —Reticulofenestra bisectaSubzones and to the interval from CNO4 —Sphenolithus distentus/Sphenolithus predistentusCRZ to CNO5 —Sphenolithus ciperoensisTZ. The palaeoenvironment of the Fântânele section was reconstructed by means of calcareous nannofossils and statistics. Multivariate statistics were applied to the composition of autochthonous assemblages and the obtained clusters were used to assess the palaeoecological preferences of the nannofossils. We document changes from more stable open-marine regime, with temperate sea-surface temperatures interfering locally with influx of cooler water and enriched cool-nutrient supply for the late Rupelian–earliest Chattian (NP24), to shallower and possibly warmer near-shore marine eutrophic environment, with salinity fluctuations, increased terrigenous material run-off and freshwater influx for the remaining early Chattian (NP25).
Towards better correlation of the Central Paratethys regional time scale with the standard geological time scale of the Miocene Epoch
Authors: Kováč Michal , Halásová Eva , Hudáčková Natália , Holcová Katarína , Hyžný Matúš , Jamrich Michal , Ruman Andrej
Published: June 2018

Depositional sequences originating in semi-enclosed basins with endemic biota, partly or completely isolated from the open ocean, frequently do not allow biostratigraphic correlations with the standard geological time scale (GTS). The Miocene stages of the Central Paratethys represent regional chronostratigraphic units that were defined in type sections mostly on the basis of biostratigraphic criteria. The lack of accurate dating makes correlation within and between basins of this area and at global scales difficult. Although new geochronological estimates increasingly constrain the age of stage boundaries in the Paratethys, such estimates can be misleading if they do not account for diachronous boundaries between lithostratigraphic formations and for forward smearing of first appearances of index species (Signor-Lipps effect), and if they are extrapolated to whole basins. Here, we argue that (1) geochronological estimates of stage boundaries need to be based on sections with high completeness and high sediment accumulation rates, and (2) that the boundaries should preferentially correspond to conditions with sufficient marine connectivity between the Paratethys and the open ocean. The differences between the timing of origination of a given species in the source area and timing of its immigration to the Paratethys basins should be minimized during such intervals. Here, we draw attention to the definition of the Central Paratethys regional time scale, its modifications, and its present-day validity. We suggest that the regional time scale should be adjusted so that stage boundaries reflect local and regional geodynamic processes as well as the opening and closing of marine gateways. The role of eustatic sea level changes and geodynamic processes in determining the gateway formation needs to be rigorously evaluated with geochronological data and spatially-explicit biostratigraphic data so that their effects can be disentangled.
Investigative interviewing: Assessing questioning strategies employed to children in conflict with the law
Authors: Del Rosario Via Allison B. , Ballesteros-Lintao Rachelle
Published: June 2018

As majority of criminal cases in the Philippines are often challenged by the plight to obtain voluntary narratives from Children who are in Conflict with the Law (CICL) (National Police Commission, Department of the Interior and Local Government, Republic of the Philippines 2009.Adoption of the police manual on the management of cases of children in conflict with the law (CICL) and the simplified rules in the apprehension and investigation of CICL, Resolution No. 415.), and Forensic Linguistics being a relatively new field in the local setting, it is timely to assess the questioning strategies heavily relied upon by law enforcement officers in the investigative process. However, questioning strategies geared to address purely the investigations of children in conflict with the law has so far been hardly formally investigated. This study was aimed at examining the questioning strategies used in by the authorities in investigating adolescents accused ofcrime against property. Fifteen transcripts of audio-recorded investigative interviews from selected law enforcement authorities in Manila and Quezon City were analyzed vis-à-vis (Shepherd, Eric. 2007.Investigative interviewing: The conversation management approach. Oxford: Oxford University Press). Forms of Questions and (Gibbons, John. 2003.Forensic Linguistics: An introduction to language in the justice system. Malden, MA: Blackwell Publishing) Cognitive Interview (CI) frameworks. Based on (Shepherd, Eric. 2007.Investigative interviewing: The conversation management approach. Oxford: Oxford University Press) Shepherd’s framework, results yielded reveal that most officers employed counter-productive questions, i.e. abusive, intimidating, and aggressive techniques to prompt controlled confession from alleged youth offenders. The study also found that the investigative officers did not follow a specific interviewing structure in handling cases of alleged youth offenders. As the use of appropriate questioning techniques have been presented in the study, it is recommended that a pivotal redraft be made in police CICL interviewing manuals.
The fatigue life of a friction stir welded 19501 aluminium alloy T-joint
Authors: Gope Prakash Chandra , Kumar Harshit , Purohit Himanshu , Dayal Manish
Published: June 2018

Friction stir welding (FSW) is a solid-state joining which reduces the structural weight significantly and hence it has received worldwide attention for the joining of aluminium alloys. In this paper, fatigue tests and finite element analysis were employed to study the mechanical and fatigue properties of a friction stir welded T-joint of 19501 aluminium alloy. An LS-2 FSW machine with 100 kN capacity was used to fabricate the T and butt joints. The tensile properties of the friction stir welded joint show that there is a marginal reduction of about 5% in strength and ductility as compared to an un-welded 19501 aluminium alloy. S-N test results of theT-joint specimen at two stress ratios of 0 and −1 showed that there was a reduction of 15% in the fatigue strength due to the change of stress ratio from 0 to −1. The effect of mean stress can be well approximated using Goodman’s criterion as compared to Gerber’s or Soderberg’s criteria. The predicted fatigue lives from the proposed model using the Palmgren-Miner rule (PMR) were found to be within reasonable accuracy. Micrographs shown for the fracture surfaces of the retreating side, mid-weld zone and the advancing side of the T-joint indicate that fracture surfaces are a mixture of dimple and cleavage features.
How Might 21st-Century De-Globalization Unfold? Some Historical Reflections
Authors: Link Stefan
Published: June 2018

Is the world headed for a repeat of the de-globalization of the interwar period? Stefan Link challenges some widespread assumptions about the history of globalization and suggests that this time really is different.
A three-dimensional numerical model for large strain compression of nanofibrillar cellulose foams
Authors: Srinivasa Prashanth , Kulachenko Artem
Published: June 2018

We investigate the suitability of three-dimensional Voronoi structures in representing a large strain macroscopic compressive response of nanofibrillar cellulose foams and understanding the connection between the features of the response and details of the microstructure. We utilise Lloyd’s algorithm to generate centroidal tessellations to relax the Voronoi structures and have reduced polydispersity. We begin by validating these structures against simulations of structures recreated from microtomography scans. We show that by controlling the cell face curvature, it is possible to match the compressive response for a 96.02 % porous structure. For the structures of higher porosity (98.41 %), the compressive response can only be matched up to strain levels of 0.4 with the densification stresses being overestimated. We then ascertain the representative volume element (RVE) size based on the measures of relative elastic modulus and relative yield strength. The effects of cell face curvature and partially closed cells on the elastic modulus and plateau stress is then estimated. Finally, the large strain response is compared against the two-dimensional Voronoi model and available experimental data for NFC foams. The results show that compared to the two-dimensional model, the three-dimensional analysis provides a stiffer response at a given porosity due to earlier self-contact.
Treatment of peritoneal carcinomatosis with Pressurized IntraPeritoneal Aerosol Chemotherapy – PIPAC-OPC2
Authors: Graversen Martin , Detlefsen Sönke , Asmussen Jon , Mahdi Bassam , Fristrup Claus , Pfeiffer Per , Mortensen Michael Bau
Published: June 2018

Background

Peritoneal carcinomatosis (PC) is a common endpoint in both gastrointestinal and non-gastrointestinal cancers, and PC is treated as other systemic metastases – unfortunately with disappointing results and considerable side-effects. Pressurized IntraPeritoneal Aerosol Chemotherapy (PIPAC) is a new method of applying traditional chemotherapy, and preliminary data indicate that PIPAC is safe, able to stabilize or improve quality of life, and can induce an objectively measurable reduction in disease burden in PC.

Methods

PIPAC-OPC2 is a prospectively controlled Phase II, single center, one-arm, open-label clinical trial investigating the treatment effect of PIPAC in patients with histological or cytological proven PC from gastrointestinal, ovarian or primary peritoneal cancer. Eligible patients will receive PIPAC in series of three using a combination of doxorubicin (1.5 mg/m2) and cisplatin (7.5 mg/m2) for non-colorectal cancer patients (PIPAC C/D), and oxaliplatin (92 mg/m2) in patients with PC of colorectal origin (PIPAC OX). Patients are monitored by: (1) repeated measurements of the Peritoneal Regression Grading Score (PRGS) in biopsies obtained from metal clips marked areas, (2) Quality-of-Life (QoL) questionnaires, (3) Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) and (4) Prognostic Nutritional Index (PNI). Adverse events and surgical complications will be recorded according to the 30 days definition.

Results

The primary outcome of PIPAC-OPC2 is to evaluate if PIPAC can induce major or complete response (PRGS 1 or 2) within a series of three PIPAC procedures. Secondarily this study investigates changes in QoL and MRI as a staging and response evaluation tool. The secondary outcomes will be used to create a model that may predict which of the patients will benefit from PIPAC treatment.

Conclusions

It is expected that PIPAC directed therapy can induce major or complete response in 50 % of patients with PC of colorectal origin and in 30 % of patients with PC of non-colorectal origin – and at the same time stabilize or even improve quality of life. This trial may provide data regarding the utility of MRI as a staging and response evaluation tool in patients with PC.

Trial registration

The study is registered with ClinicalTrials.gov Identifier NCT03287375 and the European Clinical Trials Database (EudraCT) number 2016-003394-18.
Gesundheitsförderung und Primärprävention in Krankenversicherungsstaaten
Authors: Gerlinger Thomas
Published: June 2018

In Deutschland sind Krankenkassen für Gesundheitsförderung und nichtmedizinische Primärprävention zuständig. Andere Krankenversicherungsstaaten sehen eine solche Zuständigkeit für die Krankenkassen nicht vor. Träger auf diesem Handlungsfeld sind entweder die öffentlichen Gebietskörperschaften oder von Krankenkassen unabhängige, öffentlich finanzierte Fonds oder Stiftungen.
Defizite und zukünftige Herausforderungen für die Forschung in der Prävention
Authors: Walter Ulla
Published: June 2018

Vermehrte marktorientierte Gesundheitsangebote sowie die Digitalisierung verstärken die Individualisierung der Prävention. Um der Gefahr der Zunahme gesundheitlicher Ungleichheit in Gesundheit zu begegnen, sind in einer sich weiter ausdifferenzierenden Gesellschaft Investitionen zur Etablierung und Erforschung wirksamer Strategien auch auf struktureller Ebene erforderlich. Eine gesundheitsförderliche Nutzung von Megatrends wie Mobilität kann nur multidisziplinär und proaktiv erfolgen.
Familiäre Gesundheitsförderung
Authors: Geene Raimund
Published: June 2018

Familiäre Gesundheitsförderung ist eine komplexe Gestaltungsaufgabe. Sie kann konzeptionell entlang lebensphasenspezifischer Bewältigungsaufgaben von Schwangerschaft bis zum Lebensende und ergänzend unter Berücksichtigung belasteter Lebenslagen entlang familiärer Adversionen wie Armut, Isolation/Alleinerziehen/Fremdunterbringungen oder Erkrankungen dargestellt werden. Angebote der familiären Gesundheitsförderung sollten Stigmatisierung vermeiden und Familien lebensphasen- und -lagenspezifisch über Sozialräume und weitere Settings unterstützen.
Betriebliches Gesundheitsmanagement mit Kennzahlen
Authors: Walter Uta , Badura Bernhard
Published: June 2018

Die Entwicklung von Kennzahlen im Betrieblichen Gesundheitsmanagement (BGM) liegt im Interesse sowohl von Unternehmen als auch von Public Health. Der erste Teil des Beitrags informiert über aktuelle gesetzliche Anforderungen im Bereich der betrieblichen Prävention und Gesundheitsförderung. Im zweiten Teil machen die Autoren einen Vorschlag für ein evidenzbasiertes Kennzahlensystem zur Steuerung des BGM.
Kommunale Gesundheitsförderung
Authors: Trojan Alf
Published: June 2018

Das weite Feld der kommunalen Gesundheitsförderung wird eingangs dargestellt. Die vorliegende Evidenz für seine Wirksamkeit ist schwach, weil es weder einheitliche Beschreibungen von entsprechenden Interventionen und ihren Kontexten gibt noch einheitliche Evaluationsstrategien. Das Präventionsgesetz könnte der kommunalen Gesundheitsförderungspraxis in Zukunft mehr Geltung verschaffen.
Kommunale Gesundheitsplanung und Health Impact Assessment als Aufgabe des Öffentlichen Gesundheitsdienstes
Authors: Wolfram Nicole , Looks Peggy , Trautmann Freya
Published: June 2018

Mit dem Präventionsgesetz steht der Öffentliche Gesundheitsdienst vor sich wandelnden Aufgaben. Bevölkerungsbezogene kommunale Strategien zur Gesundheitsplanung werden an Bedeutung gewinnen. Sie bieten politischen Entscheidungsstrukturen bereits vor der Umsetzung geplanter Maßnahmen evidenzbasierte Handlungsansätze, die es erlauben, die gesundheitlichen Folgen für die Bevölkerung in die Entscheidungsfindung einfließen zu lassen und ihre Auswirkungen im Verlauf zu evaluieren.
Kommunale Gesundheitskonferenzen in Baden-Württemberg – Themen und Aktivitäten
Authors: Idler Nadja , Leykamm Barbara , Reyer Maren , Merkt-Kube Regine , Böhme Michael
Published: June 2018

Die Kommunalen Gesundheitskonferenzen (KGKen) übernehmen in Baden-Württemberg eine zentrale Funktion in der Weiterentwicklung des Gesundheitswesens. Sie arbeiten auf Grundlage des Landesgesundheitsgesetzes auf Land- und Stadtkreisebene. Erste KGKen wurden hierzulande im Jahr 2010 eingerichtet. Bereits acht Jahre später weisen die KGKen eine große Bandbreite an Aktivitäten auf.
Verzahnung von Arbeitsförderung und Gesundheitsförderung
Authors: Schreiner-Kürten Karin , Wenzel Andreas
Published: June 2018

Die Verzahnung von Arbeitsförderungsmaßnahmen mit Prävention und Gesundheitsförderung zur Verbesserung der Gesundheitschancen arbeitsloser Menschen wird an ca. 120 Standorten in Deutschland erprobt. Unter Nutzung der Ergebnisse einer Begleitevaluation soll 2020 ein Implementierungsangebot zur Verzahnung von Arbeits- und Gesundheitsförderung im Rahmen eines integrierten kommunalen Ansatzes vorgehalten werden. Ein Praxisbeispiel aus Sachsen veranschaulicht die Herausforderungen und Chancen dieses Ansatzes.
Betriebliche Gesundheitsförderung im Gesundheitswesen
Authors: Hollederer Alfons
Published: June 2018

Die betriebliche Gesundheitsförderung steht im Gesundheitswesen im Vergleich zu anderen Wirtschaftsbranchen vor besonderen Herausforderungen. Sie zielt auf die Neuorientierung der Gesundheitsdienste, die Qualifizierung der Gesundheitsberufe und die Förderung ihrer Gesundheit ab. Der Anteil der Gesundheitsbetriebe mit betrieblicher Gesundheitsförderung nahm überdurchschnittlich stark zu, trotzdem beteiligt sich nur eine Minderheit. Angesichts des hohen Bedarfs besteht noch Entwicklungspotenzial.
Implementierung von Betrieblicher Gesundheitsförderung und Betrieblichem Gresundheitsmanagement – Bedingungen und Herausforderungen
Authors: Faller Gudrun
Published: June 2018

Verbunden mit anderen Lebensbereichen nimmt die Arbeitswelt entscheidend Einfluss auf die Gesundheit von Menschen. Zudem weisen Betriebe günstige Voraussetzungen für die Implementierung von Prävention und Gesundheitsförderung auf. Welche Faktoren die Umsetzung dabei im Einzelnen bedingen und wie der Verbreitungsgrad von Betrieblicher Gesundheitsförderung/Betrieblichem Gesundheitsmanagement ist, wurde in den letzten Jahren mehrfach untersucht. Die betreffenden Studien kommen aufgrund methodischer Einschränkungen und Unterschiede dabei zu differierenden Einschätzungen. Der vorliegende Beitrag nimmt eine Gegenüberstellung sowie eine kritische Ergebnisdiskussion vor.
Von der Gesundheitsförderung an Hochschulen zu gesundheitsfördernden Hochschulen
Authors: Hartmann Thomas , Lehner Birgit Susanne
Published: June 2018

Die Gesundheitsförderung hat sich als eigenständige Disziplin in Forschung und Lehre an den Hochschulen in Deutschland etabliert. In Wechselwirkung damit steht die Entwicklung der Hochschule zu einer gesunden Organisation und dem Potenzial Gesundheitsförderung in die Region zu transferieren.
Gesundheitsförderung bei Jungen und Männer
Authors: Stiehler Matthias
Published: June 2018

Gesundheitsfördernde Angebote für Jungen und Männer sind immer noch die Ausnahme. Zwar sind viele Projekte grundsätzlich auch für Männer offen, doch werden diese durch allgemeine Angebote zumeist nicht erreicht. Die Orientierung an der Lebenswelt der Männer muss daher ein wichtiges Merkmal sein. Sie zeichnet sich durch konkreten Bezug zur Lebenswirklichkeit und durch eine akzeptierende Sicht auf die Jungen und Männer aus.
Variational assimilation with covariance matrices of observation data errors for the model of the Baltic Sea dynamics
Authors: Agoshkov Valery I. , Parmuzin Eugene I. , Zakharova Natalia B. , Shutyaev Victor P.
Published: June 2018

The mathematical model of the Baltic Sea dynamics developed at the Institute of Numerical Mathematics of RAS is considered. The problem of variational assimilation of average daily data for the sea surface temperature (SST) is formulated and studied with the use of covariance matrices of observation data errors. Based on variational assimilation of satellite observation data, we propose an algorithm for solving the inverse problem of the heat flux reconstruction on the sea surface. The results of numerical experiments on reconstruction of the heat flux function are presented for the problem of variational assimilation of observation SST data.
What power? Social representations of ICTs’ appropriation for community empowerment in Latin American social movements
Authors: Bacallao-Pino Lázaro M.
Published: June 2018

The article analyzes the social representations of ICTs’ appropriation for community empowerment by social movements. The study includes two recent Latin American student social movements: the Mexican #YoSoy132 and the Chilean student movement. Discourse analysis was used to examine interviews with participants in these social movements as well as other texts associated with their episodes of collective action. The discourse analysis was focused on four main dimensions of the social representations of ICTs’ appropriation: (1) the interrelationships between the technological and the socio-political and cultural dimensions; (2) the tension between a visibility-centered and an articulating-focused use of ICTs; (3) the tension between the individual and the collective dimensions; and (4) the articulation between ICTs-based collective action and offline one. The findings indicate that the online/offline and the visibility/articulation tensions are relevant dimensions, in an articulated way, of the social representation of ICTs’ appropriation for collective empowerment. The results also indicate that the sociopolitical goals of the social movements are a central mediation for the process of configuration of the social representation, as it is proved by the importance of the individual/collective tension for the process.
Power efficiency of multi-blade drag typed VAWT by CFD simulation
Authors: Zheng M. , Zhang L. , Teng H. P. , Hu J. , Hu M. L.
Published: June 2018

In the present paper, CFD simulation is used to perform the numerical calculation of behaviours of multi-blade drag typed VAWT. The sliding grid technology, FLUENT software and PISO algorithm are involved. By taking wind power efficiency Cp as the goal function, the optimal situations of multi-blade drag typed VAWT with 4 and 6 blades are conducted by CFD simulation. In this investigation, the variable parameters include the rotation rate of wind-mill ω, the blade installation angle θ and the blade width d. The results show that: the optimal working conditions for the 4-blade wind mill at the inlet wind speed 8 m/s are ω = 18 r/ min, θ = 28°, and d = 0.83 m, which induces an optimal wind power efficiency rate Cp = 27.127%; the optimal working conditions for the 6-blade wind mill at the inlet wind speed 8 m/s are ω = 18 r/min, θ = 27°, and d = 0.67 m, which leads to an optimal wind power efficiency rate Cp = 30.404%.
Elijah Wald. 2015. Talking ’Bout Your Mama: The Dozens, Snaps, and the Deep Roots of Rap
Authors: Watkins Lee
Published: June 2018

Elijah Wald. 2015. Talking ’Bout Your Mama: The Dozens, Snaps, and the Deep Roots of Rap. New York: Oxford University Press. 244pp. ISBN 9-780-199-39404-3 (pbk). $17.95.
Arnaud Contreras. “L’Air rebelle” (The Air of Rebellion)
Authors: Mullen John
Published: June 2018

Arnaud Contreras. “L’Air rebelle” (The Air of Rebellion). Radio series on France Culture.
Benj Binks. 2012. Mongolian Bling: Discovering the Roots of Hip Hop in the Heart of Asia
Authors: Cox James
Published: June 2018

Benj Binks. 2012. Mongolian Bling: Discovering the Roots of Hip Hop in the Heart of Asia. Flying Fish Films. DVD. 90mins. Available from: http://mongolianbling.com/