Temporal dynamics of the multi-omic response to endurance exercise training
Authors:   MoTrPAC Study Group,   Primary authors,   Lead Analysts, Amar David , Gay Nicole R. , Jean-Beltran Pierre M. ,   Lead Data Generators, Bae Dam , Dasari Surendra , Dennis Courtney , Evans Charles R. , Gaul David A. , Ilkayeva Olga , Ivanova Anna A. , Kachman Maureen T. , Keshishian Hasmik , Lanza Ian R. , Lira Ana C. , Muehlbauer Michael J. , Nair Venugopalan D. , Piehowski Paul D. , Rooney Jessica L. , Smith Kevin S. , Stowe Cynthia L. , Zhao Bingqing ,   Analysts, Clark Natalie M. , Jimenez-Morales David , Lindholm Malene E. , Many Gina M. , Sanford James A. , Smith Gregory R. , Vetr Nikolai G. , Zhang Tiantian , Almagro Armenteros Jose J. , Avila-Pacheco Julian , Bararpour Nasim , Ge Yongchao , Hou Zhenxin , Marwaha Shruti , Presby David M. , Natarajan Raja Archana , Savage Evan M. , Steep Alec , Sun Yifei , Wu Si , Zhen Jimmy ,   Animal Study Leadership, Bodine Sue C. , Esser Karyn A. , Goodyear Laurie J. , Schenk Simon ,   Manuscript Writing Group Leads,   Manuscript Writing Group, Montgomery Stephen B. , Fernández Facundo M. , Sealfon Stuart C. , Snyder Michael P. ,   Senior Leadership, Adkins Joshua N. , Ashley Euan , Burant Charles F. , Carr Steven A. , Clish Clary B. , Cutter Gary , Gerszten Robert E. , Kraus William E. , Li Jun Z. , Miller Michael E. , Nair K. Sreekumaran , Newgard Christopher , Ortlund Eric A. , Qian Wei-Jun , Tracy Russell , Walsh Martin J. , Wheeler Matthew T. ,   Co-corresponding Authors,   MoTrPAC Study Group,   Bioinformatics Center, Dalton Karen P. , Hastie Trevor , Hershman Steven G. , Samdarshi Mihir , Teng Christopher , Tibshirani Rob ,   Biospecimens Repository, Cornell Elaine , Gagne Nicole , May Sandy ,   Administrative Coordinating Center, Bouverat Brian , Leeuwenburgh Christiaan , Lu Ching-ju , Pahor Marco ,   Data Management, Analysis, and Quality Control Center, Hsu Fang-Chi , Rushing Scott , Walkup Michael P. ,   Exercise Intervention Core, Nicklas Barbara , Rejeski W. Jack ,   NIH, Williams John P. , Xia Ashley ,   Preclinical Animal Study Sites, Albertson Brent G. , Barton Elisabeth R. , Booth Frank W. , Caputo Tiziana , Cicha Michael , De Sousa Luis Gustavo Oliveira , Farrar Roger , Hevener Andrea L. , Hirshman Michael F. , Jackson Bailey E. , Ke Benjamin G. , Kramer Kyle S. , Lessard Sarah J. , Makarewicz Nathan S. , Marshall Andrea G. , Nigro Pasquale , Powers Scott , Ramachandran Krithika , Rector R. Scott , Richards Collyn Z-T. , Thyfault John , Yan Zhen , Zang Chongzhi ,   Chemical Analysis Sites, Amper Mary Anne S. , Balci Ali Tugrul , Chavez Clarisa , Chikina Maria , Chiu Roxanne , Gritsenko Marina A. , Guevara Kristy , Hansen Joshua R. , Hennig Krista M. , Hung Chia-Jui , Hutchinson-Bunch Chelsea , Jin Christopher A. , Liu Xueyun , Maner-Smith Kristal M. , Mani D. R. , Marjanovic Nada , Monroe Matthew E. , Moore Ronald J. , Moore Samuel G. , Mundorff Charles C. , Nachun Daniel , Nestor Michael D. , Nudelman German , Pearce Cadence , Petyuk Vladislav A. , Pincas Hanna , Ramos Irene , Raskind Alexander , Rirak Stas , Robbins Jeremy M. , Rubenstein Aliza B. , Ruf-Zamojski Frederique , Sagendorf Tyler J. , Seenarine Nitish , Soni Tanu , Uppal Karan , Vangeti Sindhu , Vasoya Mital , Vornholt Alexandria , Yu Xuechen , Zaslavsky Elena , Zebarjadi Navid ,   Clinical Sites, Bamman Marcas , Bergman Bryan C. , Bessesen Daniel H. , Buford Thomas W. , Chambers Toby L. , Coen Paul M. , Cooper Dan , Haddad Fadia , Gadde Kishore , Goodpaster Bret H. , Harris Melissa , Huffman Kim M. , Jankowski Catherine M. , Johannsen Neil M. , Kohrt Wendy M. , Lester Bridget , Melanson Edward L. , Moreau Kerrie L. , Musi Nicolas , Newton Robert L. , Radom-Aizik Shlomit , Ramaker Megan E. , Rankinen Tuomo , Rasmussen Blake B. , Ravussin Eric , Schauer Irene E. , Schwartz Robert S. , Sparks Lauren M. , Thalacker-Mercer Anna , Trappe Scott , Trappe Todd A. , Volpi Elena 
Published: May 2024

Regular exercise promotes whole-body health and prevents disease, but the underlying molecular mechanisms are incompletely understood1–3. Here, the Molecular Transducers of Physical Activity Consortium4 profiled the temporal transcriptome, proteome, metabolome, lipidome, phosphoproteome, acetylproteome, ubiquitylproteome, epigenome and immunome in whole blood, plasma and 18 solid tissues in male and female Rattus norvegicus over eight weeks of endurance exercise training. The resulting data compendium encompasses 9,466 assays across 19 tissues, 25 molecular platforms and 4 training time points. Thousands of shared and tissue-specific molecular alterations were identified, with sex differences found in multiple tissues. Temporal multi-omic and multi-tissue analyses revealed expansive biological insights into the adaptive responses to endurance training, including widespread regulation of immune, metabolic, stress response and mitochondrial pathways. Many changes were relevant to human health, including non-alcoholic fatty liver disease, inflammatory bowel disease, cardiovascular health and tissue injury and recovery. The data and analyses presented in this study will serve as valuable resources for understanding and exploring the multi-tissue molecular effects of endurance training and are provided in a public repository (https://motrpac-data.org/).