bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Development of Mitochondria Targeting AIE‐Active Cyclometalated Iridium Complexes as Potent Antimalarial Agents
Authors: Kumari Geeta , Gupta Ajay , Sah Raj Kumar , Gautam Aryan , Saini Monika , Gupta Aashima , Kushawaha Akhilesh K. , Singh Shailja , Sasmal Pijus K.
Published: December 2022

The emergence of resistance to conventional antimalarial treatments remains a major cause for concern. New drugs that target the distinct development stages of Plasmodium parasites are required to address this risk. Herein, water‐soluble aggregation‐induced emission active cyclometalated iridium(III) polypyridyl complexes (Ir1–Ir12) are developed for the elimination of malaria parasites. Remarkably, these complexes show potent antimalarial activity in low nanomolar range against 3D7 (chloroquine and artemisinin sensitive strain), RKL9 (chloroquine resistant strain), and R539T (artemisinin resistant strains) strains of Plasmodium falciparum with faster killing rate of malaria parasites. Concomitantly, these complexes exhibit efficient in vivo antimalarial activity against both the asexual and gametocyte stages of Plasmodium berghei malaria parasite, suggesting promising transmission‐blocking potential. The complexes tend to localize into mitochondria of P. falciparum determined by image and cell‐based assay. The mechanistic studies reveal that these complexes exert their antimalarial activity by increasing reactive oxygen species levels and disrupting its mitochondrial membrane potential. Furthermore, the mitochondrial‐dependent antimalarial activity of these complexes is confirmed in yeast model. Thus, this study for the first time highlights the potential role of targeting P. falciparum mitochondria by iridium complexes in discovering and developing the next‐generation antimalarial agents for treating multidrug resistant malaria parasites.
Photomagnetically Powered Spiky Nanomachines with Thermal Control of Viscosity for Enhanced Cancer Mechanotherapy
Authors: Xu Chang , Liu Yali , Li Jiayan , Ning Peng , Shi Zhong , Zhang Wei , Li Zhenguang , Zhou Ruimei , Tong Yifan , Li Yingze , Lv Cheng , Shen Yajing , Cheng Qian , He Bin , Cheng Yu
Published: December 2022

Nanomachines with active propulsion have emerged as an intelligent platform for targeted cancer therapy. Achieving an efficient locomotion performance using an external energy conversion is a key requirement in the design of nanomachines. In this study, inspired by diverse spiky structures in nature, a photomagnetically powered nanomachine (PMN) with a spiky surface and thermally dependent viscosity tunability is proposed to facilitate mechanical motion in lysosomes for cancer mechanotherapy. The hybrid nanomachine is integrated with magnetic nanoparticles as the core and covered with gold nanotips. Physical simulations and experimental results prove that the spiky structure endows nanomachines with an obvious photomagnetic coupling effect in the NIR‐II region through the alignment and orienting movement of plasmons on the gold tips. Using a coupling‐enhanced magnetic field, PMNs are efficiently assembled into chain‐like structures to further elevate energy conversion efficiency. Notably, PMNs with the thermal control of viscosity are efficiently propelled under simultaneously applied dual external energy sources in cell lysosomes. Enhanced mechanical destruction of cancer cells via PMNs is confirmed both in vitro and in vivo under photomagnetic treatment. This study provides a new direction for designing integrated nanomachines with active adaptability to physiological environments for cancer treatment.
Nano‐Confined Growth of Perovskite Quantum Dots in Transparent Nanoporous Glass for Luminescent Chemical Sensing
Authors: Hu Zhiping , Jiang Yiguang , Zhou Fengxian , Chen Chunlin , He Jin , Zhan Zijun , Liu Zhengzheng , Du Juan , Zhang Long , Leng Yuxin
Published: December 2022

Prior nano‐confined matrices for perovskite quantum dots (QDs) dealt only with powders or thin films, which usually suffer from poor handling properties and high transparency limitations for integrating into optical devices. Here, the nano‐confined growth of perovskite QDs in an optically transparent, robust, and monolithic matrix by using nanoporous glass (NG) as a nano‐reactor is demonstrated. Owing to quantum confinement effects in the inherent nanoporous network, rapid nanoconfined low‐temperature solution‐processed perovskite QDs could synthesize spontaneously. The binding energy of CsPbBr3 QDs in NG has been enhanced to ≈177.2 meV due to the confinement effect. The nano‐channels enable the tunable mono/multi‐color emission in full visible range via pore size tailoring or post‐halide exchange. Considering the fast diffusion of nanoporous channels and enhanced stability in this processable monolithic composite, a rapid‐response and reusable red‐green switching light‐emitting diode (LED) sensor for halomethanes is demonstrated. The rational design of perovskite NG via this efficient nano‐confined route results in a new optoelectronic device‐relevant material platform.
A 3D‐Bioprinted Functional Module Based on Decellularized Extracellular Matrix Bioink for Periodontal Regeneration
Authors: Yang Xueting , Ma Yue , Wang Xiuting , Yuan Shengmeng , Huo Fangjun , Yi Genzheng , Zhang Jingyi , Yang Bo , Tian Weidong
Published: December 2022

Poor fiber orientation and mismatched bone–ligament interface fusion have plagued the regeneration of periodontal defects by cell‐based scaffolds. A 3D bioprinted biomimetic periodontal module is designed with high architectural integrity using a methacrylate gelatin/decellularized extracellular matrix (GelMA/dECM) cell‐laden bioink. The module presents favorable mechanical properties and orientation guidance by high‐precision topographical cues and provides a biochemical environment conducive to regulating encapsulated cell behavior. The dECM features robust immunomodulatory activity, reducing the release of proinflammatory factors by M1 macrophages and decreasing local inflammation in Sprague Dawley rats. In a clinically relevant critical‐size periodontal defect model, the bioprinted module significantly enhances the regeneration of hybrid periodontal tissues in beagles, especially the anchoring structures of the bone–ligament interface, well‐aligned periodontal fibers, and highly mineralized alveolar bone. This demonstrates the effectiveness and feasibility of 3D bioprinting combined with a dental follicle‐specific dECM bioink for periodontium regeneration, providing new avenues for future clinical practice.
Grazing intensity and nitrogen fertilization effects on biomass and morphology of black oat roots in an integrated crop–livestock system
Authors: Ribeiro Ricardo Henrique , Ibarr Mariana Alves , Bratti Felipe , Pinheiro Denis , Auler André Carlos , Chiavegato Marília Barbosa , Piva Jonatas Thiago , Dieckow Jeferson
Published: December 2022

Grazing stimulates root and forage mass of perennial pastures, but few studies have addressed the effects of grazing on annual pastures which are often grown in short periods within integrated crop–livestock systems (ICLS). In these pastures, N fertilization is a common practice to increase forage mass, but its effects on root morphology are unclear. In a field experiment, we evaluated how grazing intensities (ungrazed, moderate, and heavy grazing) and N fertilization rates (0, 75, and 150 kg N ha−1) affected morphological attributes of oat (Avena strigosa Schreb.) roots and forage accumulation in ICLS in Brazilian subtropics. Forage mass was evaluated in each grazing cycle and roots were sampled to a 30‐cm depth at the end of the grazing season in 2 years. Heavy and moderate grazing reduced (p < 0.05) forage accumulation by 15%–37% compared to ungrazed (4867 kg DM ha−1) in the first year, characterized by extended periods of water deficit, but in the second year forage accumulation from grazed and ungrazed was similar (p > 0.05), averaging 4273 kg ha−1. N fertilization increased forage accumulation in both the years, without differences between 75 and 150 kg N ha−1 in grazed treatments. Grazing and N rates mainly reduced root diameter and increased root N concentration. Increasing N fertilization rates increased root length but it was more expressive in the first year. Nitrogen fertilization with 75 or 150 kg N ha−1 on moderately grazed oat is an alternative to increase forage accumulation as it stimulates fine root development and increase N uptake, mainly when adverse climatic conditions can affect pasture growth.
Towards tunable polymer foam fabrication: A case study to advance green materials development in limited data scenarios
Authors: Pollard Zoe A. , Roshandelpoor Athar , Vakili Pirooz , Ryan Emily , Goldfarb Jillian L.
Published: December 2022

Early phases of green material development can be accelerated by identifying driving factors that control material properties to understand potential tradeoffs. Full investigation of fabrication variables is often prohibitively expensive. We propose a pared‐down design of experiments (DOE) approach to identify driving variables in limited data scenarios using tunable polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) foams made via sacrificial templating as an example system. This new approach systematically determines the dependencies of porosity, transparency, and fluid flow by varying the template particle size and packing while using a more sustainable solvent. Factor screening identified template particle size and packing density as the driving factors for foam performance by controlling pore size and interconnectivity. The framework developed provides a robust, foundational understanding of how to green and tune a novel material's properties using an efficient and effective exploration of the design space. Recommendations for applying this method to a broad suite of experiments are provided.
Liquid‐liquid heterogeneous mixing efficiency in a rotating packed bed reactor
Authors: Zhang Yi‐Dong , Zhang Liang‐Liang , Wang Ze‐Xin , Sun Bao‐Chang , Chu Guang‐Wen , Chen Jian‐Feng
Published: December 2022

Mixing of two immiscible liquids consists of two sections that are liquid‐liquid dispersion and mass transfer intraphase or interphase. It plays a crucial role in the liquid‐liquid heterogeneous reactions. Here, the liquid‐liquid heterogeneous mixing efficiency in RPB reactor is experimentally assessed by a consecutive‐competitive chemical probe system. The diameters of dispersed phase droplets in RPB were measured and a correlation to predict the mean diameters were obtained. Based on the dispersed phase size and mass transfer characteristic, a model for predicting the segregation index of liquid‐liquid heterogeneous mixing in RPB was established with a deviation <20%. Based on this model, the characteristic time of liquid‐liquid heterogeneous mixing in RPB is determined to be in the range of 0.01–1 s. RPB exhibits a great process intensification potential for heterogeneous mixing process.
Management of nutritional and gastrointestinal issues in RASopathies: A narrative review
Authors: Onesimo Roberta , Giorgio Valentina , Viscogliosi Germana , Sforza Elisabetta , Kuczynska Eliza , Margiotta Gaia , Iademarco Mariella , Proli Francesco , Rigante Donato , Zampino Giuseppe , Leoni Chiara
Published: December 2022

Noonan, Costello, and cardio‐facio‐cutaneous syndrome are neurodevelopmental disorders belonging to the RASopathies, a group of syndromes caused by alterations in the RAS/MAPK pathway. They are characterized by similar clinical features, among which feeding difficulties, growth delay, and gastro‐intestinal disorders are frequent, causing pain and discomfort in patients. Hereby, we describe the main nutritional and gastrointestinal issues reported in individuals with RASopathies, specifically in Noonan syndrome, Noonan syndrome‐related disorders, Costello, and cardio‐facio‐cutaneous syndromes. Fifty percent of children with Noonan syndrome may experience feeding difficulties that usually have a spontaneous resolution by the second year of life, especially associated to genes different than PTPN11 and SOS1. More severe manifestations often require artificial enteral nutrition in infancy are observed in Costello syndrome, mostly associated to c.34G>A substitution in the HRAS gene. In cardio‐facio‐cutaneous syndrome feeding issues are usually present (90–100% of cases), especially in individuals carrying variants in BRAF, MAP2K1, and MAP2K2 genes, and artificial enteral intervention, even after scholar age, may be required. Moreover, disorders associated with gastrointestinal dysmotility as gastro‐esophageal reflux and constipation are commonly reported in all the above‐mentioned syndromes. Given the impact on growth and on the quality of life of these patients, early evaluation and prompt personalized management plans are fundamental.
Charge‐Assisted Halogen Bonding in an Ionic Cavity of a Coordination Cage Based on a Copper(I) Iodide Cluster
Authors: Peuronen Anssi , Taponen Anni I. , Kalenius Elina , Lehtonen Ari , Lahtinen Manu
Published: December 2022

The design of molecular containers capable of selectively binding specific guest molecules presents an interesting synthetic challenge in supramolecular chemistry. Here, we report the synthesis and structure of a coordination cage assembled from Cu3I4− clusters and tripodal cationic N‐donor ligands. Owing to the localized permanent charges in the ligand core the cage binds iodide anions in specific regions within the cage through ionic interactions. This allows the selective binding of bromomethanes as secondary guest species within the cage promoted by halogen bonding, which was confirmed by single‐crystal X‐ray diffraction.
Ligand‐Controlled Nickel‐Catalyzed Regiodivergent Cross‐Electrophile Alkyl‐Alkyl Couplings of Alkyl Halides
Authors: Zhao Wen‐Tao , Meng Huan , Lin Jia‐Ni , Shu Wei
Published: December 2022

Functionalizing specific positions on a saturated alkyl molecule is a key challenge in synthetic chemistry. Herein, a ligand‐controlled regiodivergent alkylations of alkyl bromides at different positions by Ni‐catalyzed alkyl‐alkyl cross‐electrophile coupling with the second alkyl bromides has been developed. The reaction undergoes site‐selective isomerization on one alkyl bromides in a controlled manner, providing switchable access to diverse alkylated structures at different sites of alkyl bromides. The reaction occurs at three similar positions with excellent chemo‐ and regioselectivity, representing a remarkable ligand tuned reactivity between alkyl‐alkyl cross‐coupling and nickel migration along the hydrocarbon side chain. This reaction offers a catalytic platform to diverse saturated architectures by alkyl‐alkyl bond‐formation from identical starting materials.
Conjugated and Non‐conjugated Polymers Containing Two‐Electron Redox Dihydrophenazines for Lithium‐Organic Batteries
Authors: Zhao Xiang , Qiu Xuan , Xue Haodong , Liu Si , Liang Dingli , Yan Chuan , Chen Weinan , Wang Yonggang , Zhou Gang
Published: December 2022

Organic p‐type cathode materials have recently attracted increasing attention due to their higher redox potentials and rate capabilities in comparison to n‐type cathodes. However, most of the p‐type cathodes based on one‐electron redox still suffer from limited stability and low specific capacity (<150 mAh g−1). Herein, two polymers, conjugated poly(diethyldihydrophenazine vinylene) (CPP) and non‐conjugated poly(diethyldihydrophenazine ethylidene) (NCPP) containing two‐electron redox dihydrophenazine, have been developed as p‐type cathode materials. It is experimentally and theoretically found that the conjugated linkage among the redox centers in polymer CPP is more favorable for the effective charge delocalization on the conjugated polymer backbone and the sufficient oxidation in the higher potential region (3.3–4.2 V vs. Li/Li+). Consequently, the CPP cathode displays a higher reversible specific capacity of 184 mAh g−1 with excellent cycling stability.
Elastic Moduli: a Tool for Understanding Chemical Bonding and Thermal Transport in Thermoelectric Materials
Authors: Isotta Eleonora , Peng Wanyue , Balodhi Ashiwini , Zevalkink Alexandra
Published: December 2022

The elastic behavior of a material can be a powerful tool to decipher thermal transport. In thermoelectrics, measuring the elastic moduli—directly tied to sound velocity—is critical to understand trends in lattice thermal conductivity, as well as study bond anharmonicity and phase transitions, given the sensitivity of elastic moduli to the chemical bonding. In this review, we introduce the basics of elasticity and explain the origin of high‐temperature lattice softening from a bonding perspective. We then review elasticity data throughout classes of thermoelectrics, and explore trends in sound velocity, anharmonicity, and thermal conductivity. We reveal how experimental sound velocities can improve the accuracy of common thermal conductivity models and present a critical discussion of Grüneisen parameter estimates from elastic moduli. Readers will be equipped with tools to leverage elasticity measurements or calculations to accurately interpret thermal transport trends.
A Fluorogenic Inhibitor of the Mitochondrial Calcium Uniporter
Authors: Huang Zhouyang , MacMillan Samantha N. , Wilson Justin J.
Published: December 2022

Inhibitors of the mitochondrial calcium uniporter (MCU) are valuable tools for studying the role of mitochondrial Ca2+in various pathophysiological conditions. In this study, a new fluorogenic MCU inhibitor,RuOCou, is presented. This compound is an analogue of the known MCU inhibitor Ru265 that contains fluorescent axial coumarin carboxylate ligands. Upon aquation ofRuOCouand release of the axial coumarin ligands, a simultaneous increase in its MCU‐inhibitory activity and fluorescence intensity is observed. The fluorescence response of this compound enabled its aquation to be monitored in both HeLa cell lysates and live HeLa cells. This fluorogenic prodrug represents a potential theranostic MCU inhibitor that can be leveraged for the treatment of human diseases related to MCU activity.
Controlled Growth and Chemical Engineering of FeSe‐Based Superconducting Films
Authors: Huang Yulong , Ren Shenqiang
Published: December 2022

Chemical engineering tailors functional materials to meet the demands of physical and chemical properties, accelerating materials discovery and design in a multidisciplinary field. However, stereotyped synthetic paradigms in physical and chemical approaches obstruct the effective integration of multiple advantages of respective materials exploration methods. Solid state reaction is often considered separately with wet chemistry synthesis route, such as film growth using physical vapor deposition and hydrothermal methods. Here, the controlled growth of FeSe thin films by physical deposition techniques followed by the chemical engineering to create heterogenous interface in FeSe films via a solution‐based environment is demonstrated. The two‐step route allows an expanded crystal structure and enhanced superconducting transition temperature from 3.6 to 38 K, providing a new strategy to design functional hybrid materials.
Activation of a Latent Epitope Causing Differential Binding of Antineutrophil Cytoplasmic Antibodies to Proteinase 3
Authors: Casal Moura Marta , Thompson Gwen E. , Nelson Darlene R. , Fussner Lynn A. , Hummel Amber M. , Jenne Dieter E. , Emerling Daniel , Fervenza Fernando C. , Kallenberg Cees G. M. , Langford Carol A. , McCune W. Joseph , Merkel Peter A. , Monach Paul A. , Seo Philip , Spiera Robert F. , St. Clair E. William , Ytterberg Steven R. , Stone John H. , Robinson William H. , Specks Ulrich ,   the WGET and RAVE‐ITN Research Groups
Published: December 2022

Objective

Proteinase 3 (PR3) is the major antigen for antineutrophil cytoplasmic antibodies (ANCAs) in the systemic autoimmune vasculitis, granulomatosis with polyangiitis (GPA). PR3‐targeting ANCAs (PR3‐ANCAs) recognize different epitopes on PR3. This study was undertaken to study the effect of mutations on PR3 antigenicity.

Methods

The recombinant PR3 variants, iPR3 (clinically used to detect PR3‐ANCAs) and iHm5 (containing 3 point mutations in epitopes 1 and 5 generated for epitope mapping studies) immunoassays and serum samples from patients enrolled in ANCA‐associated vasculitis (AAV) trials were used to screen for differential PR3‐ANCA binding. A patient‐derived monoclonal ANCA 518 (moANCA518) that selectively binds to iHm5 within the mutation‐free epitope 3 and is distant from the point mutations of iHm5 was used as a gauge for remote epitope activation. Selective binding was determined using inhibition experiments.

Results

Rather than reduced binding of PR3‐ANCAs to iHm5, we found substantially increased binding of the majority of PR3‐ANCAs to iHm5 compared to iPR3. This differential binding of PR3‐ANCA to iHm5 is similar to the selective moANCA518 binding to iHm5. Binding of iPR3 to monoclonal antibody MCPR3‐2 also induced recognition by moANCA518.

Conclusion

The preferential binding of PR3‐ANCAs from patients, such as the selective binding of moANCA518 to iHm5, is conferred by increased antigenicity of epitope 3 on iHm5. This can also be induced on iPR3 when captured by monoclonal antibody MCPR2. This previously unrecognized characteristic of PR3‐ANCA interactions with its target antigen has implications for studying antibody‐mediated autoimmune diseases, understanding variable performance characteristics of immunoassays, and design of potential novel treatment approaches.

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Allosteric and Electrostatic Cooperativity in a Heteroditopic Halogen Bonding Receptor System
Authors: Taylor Andrew J. , Docker Andrew , Beer Paul D.
Published: December 2022

A halogen bonding (XB) heteroditopic receptor, consisting of a 1,3‐bis‐iodo‐triazole benzene XB anion binding site covalently appended via a flexible methylene group with two benzo‐15‐crown‐5 (B15C5) cation binding moieties, and its hydrogen bonding receptor analogue, are used to delineate the mechanisms of cooperativity for alkali metal halide ion‐pair recognition. Extensive cation, anion and ion‐pair 1H NMR titration investigations demonstrate the combination of allosteric pre‐organisation, via 1 : 1 stoichiometric intramolecular potassium and rubidium metal cation bis‐B15C5 sandwich complexation, in concert with favourable electrostatics and XB potency, results in a remarkable enhancement of halide anion binding affinity by a factor of at least 700. By contrast, a notably diminished halide anion affinity enhancement factor of just 15 is observed with the corresponding 1 : 1 stoichiometric sodium cation complexed receptor system, where the smaller sized cation singly occupies one B15C5 unit and only an electrostatic contribution to cooperativity is possible. These observations serve to illustrate that allosteric pre‐organisation capability, electrostatic attraction and XB mediated anion recognition are important strategic design features to incorporate in future high‐fidelity heteroditopic ion‐pair receptor development.
Importance of Madden–Julian oscillation phase to the interannual variability of East African rainfall
Authors: Maybee Ben , Ward Neil , Hirons Linda C. , Marsham John H.
Published: December 2022

Precipitation across East Africa shows marked interannual variability. Seasonal forecast skill for the OND short rains is significantly higher than for the MAM long rains, which also exhibit poorly understood decadal variability. On sub‐seasonal time‐scales rainfall is influenced strongly by the phase of the Madden–Julian Oscillation (MJO); here we investigate whether this influence extends to interannual and decadal scales. We show that the number of days that the MJO is active and in phases 1–3 has a greater influence than the mean amplitude of the MJO on interannual long rains variability (ρ = 0.59 for the count of phases 1–3, compared to ρ = 0.40 for amplitude). The frequency of these days is linked to a newly identified gradient in Pacific sea‐surface temperatures (SSTs), whose influence on long rains variability we show is itself mediated by the MJO. We develop a statistical model estimating East African rainfall from MJO state, and show that the influence of the MJO on seasonal rainfall extends to the short rains, and to a lesser extent also into January and February. Our results show the importance of capturing the SST‐MJO phase relationship in models used for predictions of East African rainfall across time‐scales, and motivate investigating this further.
Ein UHPC findet Anwendung in der Tiefseeforschung – Festigkeitskennwerte
Authors: Hering Marcus , Wilhelm Sebastian , Wasemann Heinrich , Bergholz Martin , Beckmann Birgit , Curbach Manfred
Published: December 2022

Im Beitrag wird auf die umfangreichen Materialuntersuchungen an einem ultrahochfesten Beton (UHPC) eingegangen, der für die Verwendung in der Tiefsee bestimmt ist. Die durchgeführten Versuche umfassen die Bestimmung des Spannungs‐Verformungs‐Verhaltens bei einaxialer Belastung der Probekörper, die Ermittlung der zweiaxialen Druckfestigkeit des UHPC unter verschiedenen Spannungsverhältnissen sowie die Bestimmung der Zugfestigkeitskennwerte. Auch wurde im Rahmen der Untersuchungen der Elastizitätsmodul experimentell ermittelt. Für die Tests wurden Würfel, Prismen und knochenförmige Probekörper verwendet. Aus den ermittelten Materialkennwerten wurden Umrechnungsfaktoren für die geometrieabhängigen Festigkeiten des Betons ermittelt. Im Rahmen des Beitrags erfolgt zudem ein Vergleich der ermittelten zweiaxialen Druckfestigkeitskennwerte mit weiteren, aus der Literatur bekannten Daten. Hierbei zeigt sich, dass ein UHPC eine ähnliche Festigkeitssteigerung aufweisen kann wie ein Normalbeton.
Time‐resolved fluorescence sensor array for the discrimination of phosphate anions using transition metal dichalcogenide quantum dots and Tb(III)
Authors: Behera Pradipta , Jaiswal Komal , De Mrinmoy
Published: December 2022

Phosphate detection has garnered widespread attention due to its biological and environmental impact. Among several optical techniques, time‐resolved fluorescence (TRF) provides a sensitive way for the discrimination of analytes in a complex mixture as it exhibits less interference from the background, therefore providing a high signal‐to‐noise ratio. The sensitization of rare earth metal (REM) ions by semiconducting quantum dots (QDs) can help the former overcome the drawback of low absorption coefficient, therefore allowing exploitation of the additional advantage of the REM, namely the long‐excited state lifetime. Here, we have developed a TRF‐based sensor array consisting of three QDs, i.e. MoS2, WS2 and MoSe2 as energy sensitizers for Tb3+ ions. Different QDs possess variable energy transfer abilities for Tb3+ ions. Therefore, they can be used to discriminate phosphates. It was also observed that CrO42− can competitively bind to Tb3+ and further enhance the efficiency of the sensor array so that it could discriminate six different phosphates at 200 μM concentration in aqueous as well as serum medium with a detection limit of 10 μM in aqueous medium. Therefore, the sensitivity of the TRF‐based sensor array is rarely compromised in a complex mixture, which is advantageous over a fluorescence‐based sensor array.
Membrane‐coated nanoparticles for direct recognition by T cells
Authors: Li Feiran , Li Fanghua , Urie Russell , Bealer Elizabeth , Ruiz Ramon Ocadiz , Saito Eiji , Turan Ali , Yolcu Esma , Shirwan Haval , Shea Lonnie D.
Published: December 2022

The direct modulation of T cell responses is an emerging therapeutic strategy with the potential to modulate undesired immune responses including, autoimmune disease, and allogeneic cells transplantation. We have previously demonstrated that poly(lactide‐co‐glycolide) particles were able to modulate T cell responses indirectly through antigen‐presenting cells (APCs). In this report, we investigated the design of nanoparticles that can directly interact and modulate T cells by coating the membranes from APCs onto nanoparticles to form membrane‐coated nanoparticles (MCNPs). Proteins within the membranes of the APCs, such as Major Histocompatibility Complex class II and co‐stimulatory factors, were effectively transferred to the MCNP. Using alloreactive T cell models, MCNP derived from allogeneic dendritic cells were able to stimulate proliferation, which was not observed with membranes from syngeneic dendritic cells and influenced cytokine secretion. Furthermore, we investigated the engineering of the membranes either on the dendritic cells or postfabrication of MCNP. Engineered membranes could be to promote antigen‐specific responses, to differentially activate T cells, or to directly induce apoptosis. Collectively, MCNPs represent a tunable platform that can directly interact with and modulate T cell responses.
Rational mutagenesis of Thermobifida fusca cutinase to modulate the enzymatic degradation of polyethylene terephthalate
Authors: Mrigwani Arpita , Pitaliya Madhav , Kaur Harman , Kasilingam Bharathraj , Thakur Bhishem , Guptasarma Purnananda
Published: December 2022

Thermobifida fusca cutinase (TfCut2) is a carboxylesterase (CE) which degrades polyethylene terephthalate (PET) as well as its degradation intermediates [such as oligoethylene terephthalate (OET), or bis‐/mono‐hydroxyethyl terephthalate (BHET/MHET)] into terephthalic acid (TPA). Comparisons of the surfaces of certain CEs (including TfCut2) were combined with docking and molecular dynamics simulations involving 2HE‐(MHET)3, a three‐terephthalate OET, to support the rational design of 22 variants with potential for improved generation of TPA from PET, comprising 15 single mutants (D12L, E47F, G62A, L90A, L90F, H129W, W155F, ΔV164, A173C, H184A, H184S, F209S, F209I, F249A, and F249R), 6 double mutants [H129W/T136S, A173C/A206C, A173C/A210C, G62A/L90F, G62A/F209I, and G62A/F249R], and 1 triple mutant [G62A/F209I/F249R]. Of these, nine displayed no activity, three displayed decreased activity, three displayed comparable activity, and seven displayed increased (~1.3‐ to ~7.2‐fold) activity against solid PET, while all variants displayed activity against BHET. Of the variants that displayed increased activity against PET, four displayed more activity than G62A, the most‐active mutant of TfCut2 known till date. Of these four, three displayed even more activity than LCC (G62A/F209I, G62A/F249R, and G62A/F209I/F249R), a CE known to be ~5‐fold more active than wild‐type TfCut2. These improvements derived from changes in PET binding and not changes in catalytic efficiency.
Did court dismiss student's Title IX claim?
Authors: Lyerly Eric
Published: December 2022

Spelman College and Morehouse College are distinct historically Black colleges located on the same tract of property.
AD sets goals to help student‐athletes, staff succeed
Authors: Elfman Lois
Published: December 2022

After eight years as Baltimore City Community College's Athletics Director and Head Women's Basketball Coach, Tara A. Owens shifted to athletics administration in September 2018 when she became the AD at Central State University, a historically Black university in Division II. “I enjoy the environment and the impact,” said Owens, a former DI basketball player and now the only female AD in the Southern Intercollegiate Athletic Conference.
Aging reduces ABHD5 protein content in the adipose tissue of mice: The reversal effect of exercise
Authors: Brícola Rafael S. , Cordeiro André V. , Crisol Barbara M. , Braga Renata R. , de Melo Diego G. , Rocha Matheus B. , Gaspar Rafael C. , Nakandakari Susana C. B. R. , Silva Vagner R. R. , Anaruma Chadi P. , Katashima Carlos K. , Canciglieri Raphael D. S. , Munõz Vitor R. , Pavan Isadora C. B. , Pinto Ana P. , Simabuco Fernando M. , Silva Adelino S. R. da , Moura Leandro P. , Pauli José R. , Cintra Dennys E. , Ropelle Eduardo R.
Published: December 2022

Dysfunction of the adipose tissue metabolism is considered as a significant hallmark of aging. It has been proposed that α‐β hydrolase domain containing 5 (ABHD5) plays a critical role in the control of lipolysis. However, the role of ABHD5 in the control of lipolysis during aging or exercise is unknown. Here we combined the experimental mouse model with transcriptomic analyzes by using murine and human databases to explore the role of ABHD5 in the adipose tissue during aging and in response to exercise. Transcriptomic data revealed a downregulation of Abhd5 messenger RNA levels in the subcutaneous white adipose tissue (scWAT) over time in individuals from 20 to 69 years old. Aged mice displayed dramatic reduction of ABHD5 protein content and lipolytic‐related proteins in the scWAT. Interestingly, 4 weeks of high‐intensity interval training increased ABHD5 protein level and restored the lipolytic pathway in the scWAT of aged mice. Altogether, our findings demonstrated that aging affects ABHD5 content in the adipose tissue of mice and humans. Conversely, exercise increases ABHD5 activity, recovering the lipolytic activity in aged mice.
Selection of RNA‐Cleaving TNA Enzymes for Cellular Mg2+ Imaging
Authors: Gao Mingmei , Wei Dongying , Chen Siqi , Qin Bohe , Wang Yueyao , Li Zhe , Yu Hanyang
Published: December 2022

Catalytic DNA‐based fluorescent sensors have enabled cellular imaging of metal ions such as Mg2+. However, natural DNA is prone to nuclease‐mediated degradation. Here, we report the in vitro selection of threose nucleic acid enzymes (TNAzymes) with RNA endonuclease activities. One such TNAzyme, T17–22, catalyzes a site‐specific RNA cleavage reaction with a kcat of 0.017 min−1 and KM of 675 nM. A fluorescent sensor based on T17–22 responds to an increasing concentration of Mg2+ with a limit of detection at 0.35 mM. This TNAzyme‐based sensor also allows cellular imaging of Mg2+. This work presents the first proof‐of‐concept demonstration of using a TNA catalyst in cellular metal ion imaging.
Malignant lymphoma presenting as bilateral sensorineural hearing loss—A case report
Authors: Raunio Frida , Kelppe Jetta , Hafrén Lena
Published: December 2022

Bilateral Sensorineural Hearing Loss is a rare disease that is often associated with other complex medical conditions. Primary central nervous system lymphoma is an uncommon and aggressive variant of non‐Hodgkin lymphoma that can mimic many other neurological diseases. Herein, we present a rare case of lymphoma of the CNS as the etiology for progressive SSNHL. We describe a 58‐year‐old male with previous IgG4‐disease presentation who was diagnosed with progressive sensorineural hearing loss. The condition evolved rapidly despite proper, conventional therapy. The patient acquired vestibular symptoms and other cranial nerve deficiencies and he was diagnosed with intracranial lymphoma, mainly in the cerebellar region. This case demonstrates that rare intracranial lymphoma can present initially as sensorineural hearing loss. A higher suspicion for malignancy should be held in mind for patients with a history of IgG4‐related diseases and for patients presenting with progressing bilateral SSNHL that is not responding to therapy.
Spontaneous sublingual hematoma secondary to warfarin therapy—A rare complication
Authors: Adhikari Aakriti , Sharma Shriya , Ghimire Nirmal , Mainali Gaurab , Yadav Sumit Kumar , Rajkarnikar Ruja
Published: December 2022

Warfarin is the most commonly prescribed oral anticoagulant in Nepal. It is commonly used for chronic anticoagulation in patients with atrial fibrillation, venous thromboembolism, and artificial heart valves. The major side effect of warfarin is bleeding. Though extremely rare, a sublingual hematoma can lead to life‐threatening complications as it can cause severe airway obstruction. We present a case of a 55‐year‐old female patient who had sublingual hematoma secondary to the use of Warfarin therapy. In addition to the discontinuation of warfarin, she was managed conservatively without any surgical intervention. Early diagnosis, timely discontinuation of the drug, and application of appropriate medical treatment are of utmost importance for reducing morbidity and mortality due to bleeding and airway compromise.
Uterine rupture in the third trimester of a pregnancy subsequent to a cesarean section by transverse uterine fundal incision: A case report and literature review
Authors: Koshimizu Kei , Kakogawa Jun , Murata Shuko , Suzuki Masato , Suzuki Takashi , Masaoka Naoki
Published: December 2022

Cesarean section via a transverse uterine fundal incision is performed in patients with placenta previa to reduce blood loss. We describe a case of uterine rupture in a pregnant woman who previously underwent a cesarean section and recovered from cardiac arrest by multidisciplinary management.
Bayesian Genetic Colocalization Test of Two Traits Using coloc
Authors: Rasooly Danielle , Peloso Gina M. , Giambartolomei Claudia
Published: December 2022

Genetic colocalization is an approach for determining whether a genetic variant at a particular locus is shared across multiple phenotypes. Genome‐wide association studies (GWAS) have successfully mapped genetic variants associated with thousands of complex traits and diseases. However, a large proportion of GWAS signals fall in non‐coding regions of the genome, making functional interpretation a challenge. Colocalization relies on a Bayesian framework that can integrate summary statistics, for example those derived from GWAS and expression quantitative trait loci (eQTL) mapping, to assess whether two or more independent association signals at a region of interest are consistent with a shared causal variant. The results from a colocalization analysis may be used to evaluate putative causal relationships between omics‐based molecular measurements and a complex disease, and can generate hypotheses that may be followed up by tailored experiments. In this article, we present an easy and straightforward protocol for conducting a Bayesian test for colocalization of two traits using the ‘coloc’ package in R with summary‐level results derived from GWAS and eQTL studies. We also provide general guidelines that can assist in the interpretation of findings generated from colocalization analyses. © 2022 Wiley Periodicals LLC.

Basic Protocol: Performing a genetic colocalization analysis using the ‘coloc’ package in R and summary‐level data

Support Protocol: Installing the ‘coloc’ R package
Atypical Anorexia Nervosa is not atypical at all! Commentary on Walsh et al. (2022)
Authors: Golden Neville H.
Published: December 2022

The introduction of atypical anorexia nervosa (atypAN) as a new diagnosis in DSM‐5 has advanced the field by expanding awareness that individuals of all weights can have an eating disorder. However, many clinical and research questions remain, particularly pertaining to whether atypAN and anorexia nervosa (AN) are different conditions or the same condition across the weight spectrum. In this issue of the journal, Walsh et al. describe the results of their systematic review demonstrating that the level of eating disorder‐specific psychopathology is significantly higher among individuals with atypAN than among controls, and as high or higher than among individuals with AN. Levels of noneating disorder psychopathology are similar. Individuals with atypAN experience many of the medical complications associated with AN but at a lower frequency. The finding that the clinical features of atypAN are not substantially different from AN supports the possibility that atypAN and AN are the same condition. Further research on epidemiology, genetics, treatment, course and outcome is required to determine whether atypAN and AN are the same or different, but there is a need to update and refine existing terminology and diagnostic classification.
Initial experience with transcatheter tricuspid valve repair in patients with cardiac amyloidosis
Authors: Hoerbrand Isabel A. , Volz Martin J. , Aus dem Siepen Fabian , Aurich Matthias , Schlegel Philipp , Geis Nicolas A. , Hegenbart Ute , Konstandin Mathias H. , Frey Norbert , Raake Philip W.
Published: December 2022

Aims

Wildtype transthyretin amyloid cardiomyopathy is an under‐recognized cause of heart failure in elderly patients. Transcatheter tricuspid valve repair is a newly emerging therapeutic option for severe tricuspid regurgitation (TR). We present first insights into safety and possible benefits of this procedure in patients with cardiac amyloidosis.

Methods and results

Eight patients with cardiac non‐hereditary (wildtype) transthyretin (ATTRwt) amyloidosis and severe to torrential TR, undergoing successful transcatheter tricuspid valve repair, were included in the analysis and compared to a control group of 21 patients without cardiac amyloidosis. All patients presented with an advanced stage of amyloid cardiomyopathy. Primary endpoint was reduction in TR at 3 months follow‐up. Secondary endpoints were feasibility, safety, hospitalization or death, clinical improvement, cardiac biomarkers, and structural and functional right heart parameter obtained by echocardiography. Transcatheter tricuspid valve repair resulted in a significant reduction of TR (IV to II, P = 0.008) in all eight patients with cardiac amyloidosis (100%). Device success (amyloidosis 75% vs. control group 86%, P = 0.597) and overall probability of hospitalization or death (amyloidosis 13% vs. control group 25%, P = 0.646) were similar compared with those in the control group at 3 months follow‐up. Transcatheter tricuspid valve repair led to an improvement of New York Heart Association functional class (P = 0.031) and 6 min walking distance (from 313 ± 118 to 337 ± 106, P = 0.012). TR reduction in amyloidosis patients was less extensive compared with that in control group (TR‐reduction 1.6 ± 0.3, P = 0.008 vs. control group 2.3 ± 0.3, P < 0.0001). Furthermore, these patients showed no significant improvement of structural right heart parameters.

Conclusions

Transcatheter tricuspid valve repair is a safe and feasible new treatment option in patients with amyloid cardiomyopathy and has the potential to improve TR‐grade and clinical status. However, the benefit appears to be less pronounced compared with patients without cardiac amyloidosis.
A Series of Low‐Coordinate Iron Selenido Complexes: Reactivity of a Linear Iron(I) Silylamide towards Selenium
Authors: Schneider Christian , Ivlev Sergei , Werncke C. Gunnar
Published: December 2022

A variety of different low‐coordinate iron selenide complexes is reported. These are obtained by reaction of the linear iron(I) silylamide K{18c6}[Fe(N(Dipp)SiMe3)2] (Dipp=2,6‐diisopropylphenyl) with red selenium. Careful adjustment of the reaction conditions results in the formation of unique low‐coordinate selenido iron complexes, namely a monoselenide bridged [2Fe−1Se]2+ complex, as well as mononuclear iron per‐ and triselenides. Further, C−H bond activation of one of the silylamide ligands by a putative terminal iron monoselenide is observed.
Visible‐Light‐Driven One‐Pot Synthesis of Benzimidazoles, Benzothiazoles, and Quinazolinones Catalyzed by Scalable and Reusable Ba‐Doped CoMoO4 Nanoparticles Under Air Atmosphere
Authors: Abinaya Ramanjulu , Elavarasan Selvaraj , Binish B. , Mani Rahulan K. , Balasubramanian Kalpattu K. , Manokaran Kamaraj , Varathan Elumalai , Baskar Baburaj
Published: December 2022

Herein we report a simple and efficient oxidative coupling of various aryl methyl amines with diverse coupling partners, such as o‐phenylenediamine (benzene‐1,2‐diamine), 2‐aminobenzenethiol and 2‐aminobenzamide, to synthesize the corresponding heterocycles using scalable and reusable heterogeneous catalysts under visible light irradiation. A systematic investigation led to the synthesis of benzimidazoles, benzothiazoles and quinazolinones under air atmosphere in very good to excellent yields. The strategy is atom economical and found to be tolerance towards different functional groups, and wide range of substrate scope. Furthermore, the methodology was demonstrated for its suitability on scale up and reusability. The density functional theory (DFT) calculations and the analysis of band structures of pristine and Ba doped CoMoO4 systems showed that the doping of Ba in place of Co improved the catalytic performance of the system.
Orphan crops: A genetic treasure trove for hunting stress tolerance genes
Authors: Kumar Brijesh , Singh Anil Kumar , Bahuguna Rajeev Nayan , Pareek Ashwani , Singla‐Pareek Sneh L.
Published: December 2022

Orphan crops, also known as minor crops, smart foods, and superfoods, have attracted great attention recently because of their unique ability to grow in resource‐poor marginal lands, and under harsh environmental conditions without any intensive agricultural care. These crops possess inherent tolerance against different abiotic stresses such as drought, salinity, cold, and heat. Recent advancements in genomic resources and high‐throughput phenotyping platforms have provided opportunities to explore the untapped potential of orphan crops to identify novel gene source(s) and mechanism(s) for developing abiotic stress‐tolerant crops. Moreover, genomics‐assisted investigations into the various physiological and molecular mechanism(s) could provide useful insights into stress tolerance mechanisms in these plants. Nevertheless, translating the hidden power of the tolerant gene pools from the orphan crops into major staple crops for enhancing their stress tolerance while maintaining yield is a challenging task. The contemporary tools of genomics can be used to unravel the secret of stress tolerance in orphan crops and employ these untapped genes for tailoring stress‐tolerant crop varieties to ensure global food security in the era of climate change.
Clear cell mesotheliomas with inactivating VHL mutations and near‐haploid genomic features
Authors: Michal Michael , Kravtsov Oleksandr , Ross Jeffrey S. , Skanderová Daniela , Martínek Petr , Mosaieby Elaheh , Mata Douglas A. , Williams Erik A. , Hung Yin P.
Published: December 2022

Clear cell mesothelioma is uncommon and shows predominance of clear cells with resemblance to clear cell carcinomas. Clinicopathologic and molecular descriptions of clear cell mesothelioma remained limited. In this study, we identified an index patient with clear cell mesothelioma, confirmed by immunohistochemical and ultrastructural studies. Targeted next‐generation sequencing revealed the presence of an inactivating VHL mutation. We then systematically searched for VHL‐mutant mesotheliomas in a comprehensive genomic profiling database of 1532 mesotheliomas. Collectively, we identified a cohort of four VHL‐mutant clear cell mesotheliomas, including three peritoneal and one pleural tumors from three females and one male, with age range of 47–68 (median 63) years. Histologically, each tumor showed a microcystic to tubulopapillary architecture with prominent clear cells. By next‐generation DNA sequencing, each of the four clear cell mesotheliomas harbored inactivating VHL mutations, while lacking other alterations typical of mesotheliomas such as BAP1, NF2, SETD2, CDKN2A, CDKN2B, TP53, and PTEN. By using low‐pass whole genome sequencing on the index case and targeted next‐generation sequencing on the remaining three cases, we identified extensive loss of heterozygosity throughout the genome but consistently sparing chromosomes 5, 7, and 20, characteristic of genomic near‐haploidization. In summary, clear cell mesotheliomas were characterized by inactivating VHL mutations and genomic near‐haploidization and appeared to represent a distinct clinicopathologic and molecular category of mesotheliomas. Our findings implicate VHL in the pathogenesis of a subset of mesotheliomas, particularly those with clear cell morphology.