bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Effectiveness of using feature films in organizational behavior education: an empirical investigation
Authors: Moorthy Janakiraman , Choi Sheena , Bingi Prasad
Published: June 2024

Purpose

We investigated the effectiveness of using feature films in teaching organizational behavior courses at the undergraduate level at a mid-Western university in the USA.

Design/methodology/approach

Our model included the impact of film analysis on self-perceived learning outcomes and cognitive and affective changes among students. Structural equation modeling using partial least squares and contemporary mediation analysis techniques were employed.

Findings

Featured film analysis positively impacted perceived learning outcomes and the cognitive and affective components of learning among students. We also found an indirect effect on cognitive and affective change, indicating that learners’ improved perceived learning outcomes deepened their learning and resulted in greater appreciation of organizational behavior theories.

Practical implications

Films are effective pedagogical tools for teaching complex business theories and principles. We recommend that faculty members pay careful attention to selecting films for study and should design film analysis projects aligned with meaningful course learning outcomes. Appropriate films and carefully designed learning outcomes trigger cognitive changes and have a lasting influence on students beyond the semester.

Originality/value

Our study is one of the few empirical studies demonstrating the effectiveness of feature films as a pedagogical tool for organizational behavior courses.
Unraveling the building blocks of success: exploring the nexus between school structure and effectiveness in Israeli primary schools
Authors: Dadon-Golan Zehorit , BenDavid-Hadar Iris , Tsidkany Reut
Published: June 2024

Purpose

First, to analyze the relationships between school effectiveness, as expressed in the improvement gained in academic achievements, and school structure; and second, to analyze the relationships between school effectiveness and school features (e.g. ethnicity, SES, rural vs. central location, class size, prior achievements, and per-student allocation) and to measure their contribution to the explained variation in school effectiveness.

Design/methodology/approach

Research on school effectiveness emphasizes the examination of school characteristics that have been found to contribute more to promoting school outcomes. Therefore, by using regression models the purpose of the research is twofold.

Findings

The research findings reveal positive significant relationships between school effectiveness, and students' prior achievements, and SES. However, school effectiveness is less related to school structure.

Research limitations/implications

Future research in the field of school effectiveness should extend beyond solely focusing on academic achievements and include the evaluation of broader aspects of students' development, such as values and self-esteem. Recognizing the multifaceted nature of schools, it is crucial to incorporate additional variables into ongoing research efforts to provide a more comprehensive understanding of overall school effectiveness. Moreover, considering the diverse stakeholders involved in the educational process, including parents, teachers, principals, and the community, future studies should strive to examine the collective impact of these factors on school effectiveness. However, it is important to acknowledge the limitations of our study. Our research is constrained by a specific sample size, which may limit the generalizability of our findings. We assert that future studies with larger and more diverse sample sizes would strengthen the validity and significance of our results, allowing for broader implications and insights into enhancing school effectiveness.

Originality/value

This research holds significant importance in understanding the relationships between school effectiveness, school structure, and various school features in the context of Israeli primary schools. By examining the impact of school structure on academic achievements and exploring the contributions of other school-related factors, this study provides insights into the dynamics of educational effectiveness for educational stakeholders.
Understanding the impact of technology investments on financial performance among Latin American supply chains
Authors: Guha Samayita , Upadhyay Arun , Gupta Manjul
Published: June 2024

Purpose

In spite of the fact that today’s supply chains are global, it is surprising the current research lacks studies primarily focusing on Latin American (LATAM) firms. To enhance our understanding in this domain, this study examines the impact of technology investments on inventory turnover, asset turnover and employee productivity measures within the LATAM context.

Design/methodology/approach

We use an unbalanced panel of over 2,101 firm-year observations from the Worldscope database between 2010 and 2022 and limit our analysis to firms located in the Latin American region. We use panel data and regression analysis to test our hypotheses.

Findings

The findings reveal a positive impact of technology investments on inventory turnover, asset turnover and employee productivity.

Originality/value

There is a dearth of research in the discipline primarily focusing on the firms from the LATAM region. The extant literature has largely focused on the Western firms and we know from prior cross-cultural research that there are significant differences in terms of how firms and governments operate differently in emerging and non-Western regions such as LATAM or parts of Asia and Africa. By specifically focusing on a sample of LATAM firms, the study makes important contributions to the extant literature with respect to the role of technology investments in improving inventory turnover, and also on asset turnover and employee productivity. The study further provides implications for practice.
Logistics service failures and recovery strategies: is the response time or the discount amount more important?
Authors: Gurler Hasan Emin , Erturgut Ramazan
Published: June 2024

Purpose

Although trade volumes in e-retailing have increased significantly in recent years, logistics service failures are inevitable, especially at the delivery stage. Therefore, it is essential to provide customers with effective recovery strategies to increase their satisfaction and repurchase intentions. There is a lack of empirical evidence on whether the response time or the discount offered in compensation is more crucial for customers. Therefore, this study aims to determine whether the response time or the discount offered for high and low criticality failures has a greater impact on customer satisfaction levels and repurchase intentions for female and male customers.

Design/methodology/approach

A scenario-based experimental design method has been adopted to collect data, and 697 participants aged 18 and 58 years have been reached. The research utilized a between-subjects design, incorporating three factors: gender (female vs male), criticality (high vs low) and compensation (7 days: 10% discount, 10 days: 20% discount and 14 days: 30% discount). Six scenarios depicting the failure of an online retailer were created, and factorial univariate ANOVA was conducted to test the hypotheses.

Findings

The study's results show that in terms of customer satisfaction, female customers attach more importance to the response time in the case of high criticality and the amount of discount offered in the case of low criticality. On the other hand, male customers give more importance to the response time in terms of customer satisfaction when they experience a high or low criticality failure. In the case of low criticality, response time is more important for male customers to increase their repurchase intentions, while the amount of the discount is more important for female customers.

Originality/value

The study demonstrates the relative importance of the response time and discount amount according to the criticality level of failures and to guide business managers in terms of the recovery strategies they will implement. It focuses on gender differences and determine whether the response time or discount amount is more important for male and female customers in high or low-criticality situations.
Unveiling promotion-induced variety-seeking: the roles of various types of promotional rewards and shopping motivations
Authors: Bandyopadhyay Nirmalya
Published: June 2024

Purpose

The study aimed to explore the differential impact of various types of sales promotion on consumers' variety-seeking behaviour and the roles of utilitarian and hedonic shopping motivations in promotion-induced variety-seeking. The study further assessed the moderation impact of risk-taking tendencies and deal proneness in the promotion-induced variety-seeking buying episodes.

Design/methodology/approach

Based on the temporality of gratification of promotional rewards (immediate/delayed) and the type of promotional rewards (monetary/non-monetary), we classified consumer sales promotions into four types (MI: Monetary/Immediate; NMI: Non-monetary/Immediate; MD: Monetary/Delayed and NMD: Non-monetary/Delayed). We conducted survey research across four major metro cities in India. We collected data from the buyers of two supermarket chains in four major metro cities of India and analyzed the data using SEM techniques.

Findings

The study’s findings revealed that only MI and NMI sales promotions lead to variety-seeking buying, whereas MD and NMD do not influence variety-seeking. The study further revealed that MI, NMI and NMD influence hedonic shopping motivations and play a role in variety-seeking buying episodes. NMD does not influence utilitarian shopping motivation or play a role in inducing variety-seeking buying behaviour.

Originality/value

The study is one of the very few studies that explored the differential impact of various types of sales promotions on variety-seeking buying behaviour. The study’s findings enable the retailer to devise promotional strategies to induce variety-seeking among the shoppers. Further, the findings of the instrumentality of CSP in inducing HSM may help the retailer create a promotional environment and induce the shopper (in a good mood) to buy more, thus improving store performance.
The evolution of female space in Korean vernacular houses in Yanbian: the influence of social logic on spatial configuration
Authors: Li Haoying , Li Ming , Quan Rongxun
Published: June 2024

Purpose

This study explores the characteristics of female space evolution in Korean vernacular houses in the Yanbian region of China. In addition, it discusses the influence of social logic on the evolution of female spaces.

Design/methodology/approach

This study utilises space syntax methodology to examine the evolution of female spaces in Korean vernacular houses in terms of connectivity value, step depth and integration value. Furthermore, it conducts an analytical exploration of social logic based on the evolutionary characteristics of female space.

Findings

The findings elucidate the evolutionary characteristics of the spatial configuration of female spaces in Korean vernacular houses, with differential changes in connectivity, a gradual tendency towards openness and simplicity and increased accessibility and centrality. This reflects the changing spatial needs of Korean women brought about by changes in lifestyle, consciousness, social status and family structure.

Research limitations/implications

This study provides perspectives and insights into the vernacular architecture and architectural sociology of ethnic minorities in regions of China and Asia. Furthermore, it can provide relevant construction organisations with a more intuitive understanding of Korean vernacular houses and a reference for future house renewal and construction in the Yanbian region.

Originality/value

Although many studies have investigated various aspects of Korean vernacular houses and female spaces, none have examined the influence of social logical changes on the evolution of female spaces in Korean vernacular houses. Thus, this study is valuable and novel.
Community connectivity and local heterogeneity explain animal species co‐occurrences within pond communities
Authors: Illarze Mariana , Arim Matías , Ramos‐Jiliberto Rodrigo , Borthagaray Ana I.
Published: June 2024

Metacommunity processes have the potential to determine most features of the community structure. However, species diversity has been the dominant focus of studies. Nestedness, modularity and checkerboard distribution of species occurrences are main components of biodiversity organisation. Within communities, these patterns emerge from the interaction between functional diversity, spatial heterogeneity and resource availability. Additionally, the connectivity determines the pool of species for community assembly and, eventually, the pattern of species co‐occurrence within communities.

Despite the recognised theoretical expectations, the change in occurrence patterns within communities along ecological gradients has seldom been considered. Here, we analyse the spatial occurrence of animal species along sampling units within 18 temporary ponds and its relationship with pond environments and geographic isolation.

Isolated ponds presented a nested organisation of species with low spatial segregation—modularity and checkerboard—and the opposite was found for communities with high connectivity. A pattern putatively explained by high functional diversity in ponds with large connectivity and heterogeneity, which determines that species composition tracks changes in microhabitats. On the contrary, nestedness is promoted in dispersal‐limited communities with low functional diversity, where microhabitat filters mainly affect richness without spatial replacement between functional groups.

Vegetation biomass promotes nestedness, probably due to the observed increase in spatial variance in biomass with the mean biomass. Similarly, the richness of vegetation reduced the spatial segregation of animals within communities. This result may be due to the high plant diversity of the pond that is observed similarly along all sampling units, which promotes the spatial co‐occurrence of species at this scale.

In the study system, the spatial arrangement of species within communities is related to local drivers as heterogeneity and metacommunity processes by means of dispersal between communities. Patterns of species co‐occurrence are interrelated with community biodiversity and species interactions, and consequently with most functional and structural properties of communities. These results indicate that understanding the interplay between metacommunity processes and co‐occurrence patterns is probably more important than previously thought to understand biodiversity assembly and functioning.
Occupational therapy practice for post‐acute COVID‐19 inpatients requiring rehabilitation
Authors: Scott Hayley M. , Neale Sharon , Harrington Elizabeth , Hodgson Hayley , Hitch Danielle
Published: June 2024

Introduction

COVID‐19 caused significant occupational disruption to people's life roles, with some people requiring an inpatient rehabilitation admission. Occupational therapists assessed and treated these patients using previous knowledge of similar conditions due to limited specificity in available guidelines to inform practice. The aim of this study was to investigate current practice with post‐acute COVID‐19 (PAC) patients within an inpatient rehabilitation setting in Australia, to better understand the role and impact of occupational therapy.

Methods

A mixed‐method study was conducted, including electronic medical record audits (October 2021 October 2022) and descriptive patient interviews at a large metropolitan subacute service. Descriptive statistics and qualitative analysis were used to summarise and interpret data.

Consumer and Community Involvement

No involvement.

Results

A total of 24 patient electronic medical records were audited, and 10 patient interviews were completed. Three overarching categories were identified within the 685 occasions of occupational therapy service audited—occupational engagement, education provision and discharge planning. Patients identified the value of occupational therapy by reflecting on their lived experiences of engaging with occupational therapists and associated changes in occupational performance between COVID‐19 diagnoses and discharge home.

Conclusion

Occupational therapists possess a unique skill set that directly addresses the occupational needs and priorities of PAC patients. This study adds to the growing body of evidence supporting the contribution of occupational therapy to the management of COVID‐19; however, further research is needed to develop evidence‐based practice resources and advocate for system changes that improve quality of life for COVID‐19 patients.

PLAIN LANGUAGE SUMMARY

During the COVID‐19 pandemic, a lot of people got very sick. Some of these people needed more time and support to get better. Occupational therapists were important during this time because they helped these people to do their daily activities again. Because there were not many resources on how to do this, we looked into what occupational therapists were doing to help these people. We looked at patient hospital files and also talked to them to understand this better. We found that occupational therapists focused on three main areas: helping patients do activities that were important to them, teaching them about COVID‐19 and helping them plan to leave the hospital. This study shows that occupational therapists are skilled at helping people with COVID‐19. But more research is needed to make resources and also help with changing the healthcare system to further help people get better from COVID‐19.
Changing Attitudes, Changing Coalitions: The Politics of Immigration Before and After Brexit
Authors: Ford Robert
Published: June 2024

The British political landscape on immigration before Brexit had a number of stable features: the public disliked migration and politicians from both main parties tended to accept (if not actively support) higher migration levels than voters preferred. This mismatch generated electoral disruption when the issue rose up the agenda—in particular through mobilisation on the radical and far right—and this initially intense public scepticism was gradually being eroded by demographic change. Brexit has fundamentally changed this landscape, triggering major shifts in both public opinion and electoral competition over immigration. In this article, the past politics of immigration in Britain are reviewed, with an explanation of how and why Brexit prompted change. The implications of the new politics of immigration for the upcoming general election and beyond are also considered.
The ideological profile of the technocratic citizen
Authors: BERTSOU ERI , CARAMANI DANIELE , KOEDAM JELLE
Published: June 2024

A certain type of citizen holds technocratic views. They favour pragmatic problem solving through scientific and technical expertise, and reject party politics for being harmful to the common good. Yet, empirical evidence on the ideological profile of these citizens is fragmented and inconclusive. Using an original survey in Western Europe, Australia and the United States, we test predictions about the left−right alignment of citizens with technocratic attitudes on the economic and cultural dimensions of politics. We argue that technocracy is not antithetical to ideology and that citizens holding technocratic attitudes are not immune to ideological positions. Findings show that technocratic citizens are more economically left‐wing than mainstream voters, contrary to common associations of technocracy with neoliberal economic principles. However, they are more centrist than populists. This highlights that, in addition to a representational challenge, technocracy mounts an ideological challenge to party‐based representative democracy. In times of cumulative crises, which put democracies under stress with demands for competence and effectiveness, these findings offer insights about the appeal of alternative forms of representation.
Surface‐associated residues in subtilisins contribute to poly‐L‐lactic acid depolymerization via enzyme adsorption
Authors: Cannon Jordan A. , Zhou Yue , Qualey Luke T. , Reynolds Todd B.
Published: June 2024

Poly‐L‐lactic acid (PLLA) is currently the most abundant bioplastic; however, limited environmental biodegradability and few recycling options diminish its value as a biodegradable commodity. Enzymatic recycling is one strategy for ensuring circularity of PLLA, but this approach requires a thorough understanding of enzymatic mechanisms and protein engineering strategies to enhance activity. In this study, we engineer PLLA depolymerizing subtilisin enzymes originating from Bacillus species to elucidate the molecular mechanisms dictating their PLLA depolymerization activity and to improve their function. The surface‐associated amino acids of two closely related subtilisin homologues originating from Bacillus subtilis (BsAprE) and Bacillus pumilus (BpAprE) were compared, as they were previously engineered to have nearly identical active sites, but still varied greatly in PLLA depolymerizing activity. Further analysis identified several surface‐associated amino acids in BpAprE that lead to enhanced PLLA depolymerization activity when engineered into BsAprE. In silico protein modelling demonstrated increased enzyme surface hydrophobicity in engineered BsAprE variants and revealed a structural motif favoured for PLLA depolymerization. Experimental evidence suggests that increases in activity are associated with enhanced polymer binding as opposed to substrate specificity. These data highlight enzyme adsorption as a key factor in PLLA depolymerization by subtilisins.
Impact of cryoprotective agents on human gut microbes and in vitro stabilized artificial gut microbiota communities
Authors: Alessandri Giulia , Rizzo Sonia Mirjam , Mancabelli Leonardo , Fontana Federico , Longhi Giulia , Turroni Francesca , van Sinderen Douwe , Ventura Marco
Published: June 2024

The availability of microbial biobanks for the storage of individual gut microbiota members or their derived and artificially assembled consortia has become fundamental for in vitro investigation of the molecular mechanisms behind microbe–microbe and/or microbe–host interactions. However, to preserve bacterial viability, adequate storage and processing technologies are required. In this study, the effects on cell viability of seven different combinations of cryoprotective agents were evaluated by flow cytometry for 53 bacterial species representing key members of the human gut microbiota after one and 3 months of cryopreservation at −80°C. The obtained results highlighted that no universal cryoprotectant was identified capable of guaranteeing effective recovery of intact cells after cryopreservation for all tested bacteria. However, the presence of inulin or skimmed milk provided high levels of viability protection during cryoexposure. These results were further corroborated by cryopreserving 10 artificial gut microbiota produced through in vitro continuous fermentation system technology. Indeed, in this case, the inclusion of inulin or skimmed milk resulted in a high recovery of viable cells, while also allowing consistent and reliable preservation of the artificial gut microbiota biodiversity. Overall, these results suggest that, although the efficacy of various cryoprotective agents is species‐specific, some cryoprotectants based on glycerol and the addition of inulin or skimmed milk are preferable to retain viability and biodiversity for both single bacterial species and artificial gut microbiota.
Impact of baseline methamphetamine/amphetamine use on discontinuation of methadone and buprenorphine/naloxone among people with prescription‐type opioid use disorder in Canada
Authors: Langlois Jenna , Fairbairn Nadia , Jutras‐Aswad Didier , Le Foll Bernard , Lim Ron , Socías M. Eugenia
Published: June 2024

Background and Objectives

Although concurrent stimulant use is common among people with opioid use disorder (OUD), there is little evidence on its impacts on opioid agonist therapy (OAT) outcomes. This study sought to determine the impact of baseline methamphetamine/amphetamine use on discontinuation of OAT among individuals with prescription‐type OUD (POUD) initiating methadone or buprenorphine/naloxone as part of a pragmatic randomized trial in Canada.

Methods

Secondary analysis of a pan‐Canadian pragmatic trial conducted between 2017 and 2020 comparing supervised methadone versus flexible take‐home dosing buprenorphine/naloxone models of care. Cox proportional hazard models were used to evaluate the effect of baseline methamphetamine/amphetamine use (measured by urine drug test [UDT]) on two discontinuation outcomes (i.e., assigned OAT discontinuation, any OAT discontinuation).

Results

Two hundred nine (n = 209) participants initiated OAT, of which 96 (45.9%) had positive baseline methamphetamine/amphetamine UDT. Baseline methamphetamine/amphetamine use was associated with shorter median times in assigned OAT (21 vs. 168 days, hazard ratio [aHR] = 2.45, 95% confidence interval [CI] = 1.60–3.76) and any OAT (25 days vs. 168 days, aHR = 2.06, CI = 1.32–3.24). No interaction between methamphetamine/amphetamine and assigned OAT was observed for either outcome (p > .05).

Conclusion and Scientific Significance

This study offers novel insights on the impact of methamphetamine/amphetamine use on OAT outcomes among people with POUD. Methamphetamine/amphetamine use was common and was associated with increased risk of OAT discontinuation. Supplementary interventions, including treatment for stimulant use, are needed to improve retention in OAT and optimize treatment outcomes in this population.
Editorial: Surgery to reduce opioid use in Crohn's disease: Does a classic solution address a newer problem?
Authors: Chhibba Tarun
Published: June 2024

LINKED CONTENT

This article is linked to Norgard et al paper. To view this article, visit https://doi.org/10.1111/apt.18014
Editorial: Redefining liver health—Personalised approach to assessment of serum ALT in clinical practice. Authors' reply
Authors: Tan Eunice X. X. , Huang Daniel Q. , Nguyen Mindie H.
Published: June 2024

LINKED CONTENT

This article is linked to Eunice et al papers. To view these articles, visit https://doi.org/10.1111/apt.17914 and https://doi.org/10.1111/apt.17951
Assessing the economic impact of cross‐sector collaboration: A case study of United Way
Authors: Sabol Misty A. , Winton Bradley G.
Published: June 2024

Determining how to best measure cross‐sector collaboration (CSC) impact and performance has long been a prevalent topic of discussion for both practitioners and researchers. However, there is a lack of consensus in practitioner journals and academic research in how CSC results should be monitored, reported, and evaluated. Using a case study approach, this article describes how to measure the economic impact of nonprofits and CSCs using both granular and broad metrics to better understand how a nonprofit involved in a CSC can impact the regional economy in which it operates. Using the lens of social exchange theory, this study explains how measured results translates into a tangible community benefit via a multiplied economic impact. This study presents a clear framework for measuring and comparing the results of CSCs. The findings show a potential need to take the population of service regions into consideration in order to drive economic impact. In addition to providing an approach to measuring CSC results this work also extends social exchange theory and CSC research into new directions.
Do independent directors inform the share of CSR criteria in executive compensation? Moderating effect of gender diversity
Authors: Khenissi Mohamed , Hamrouni Amal , Ben Farhat Nadia
Published: June 2024

This paper extends and enriches the current research on CSR, CEO compensation contracts and characteristics of the board of directors by examining an underexplored question related to the potential impact of independent board members on the share of CSR criteria in executive compensation. It also considers a potential moderating effect of gender diversity in this relationship. Empirical analyses of a sample French firms listed on the SBF120 index between 2014 and 2021 show that independent directors have no impact on the inclusion of CSR criteria in the annual bonus of senior executives. They also reveal that gender diversity can strengthen the role of independent directors in indexing executive compensation to CSR criteria. The findings can be useful for corporate boards and policymakers seeking to boost the adoption of CSR criteria in executive compensation contracts. They provide empirical support for the Zimmermann law (2011) and urge the policymakers to boost the appointment of female directors on boards.
The relative impact of labor induction versus improved labor management: Before and after the ARRIVE (a randomized trial of induction vs. expectant management) trial
Authors: Fineberg Annette E. , Harley Kim , Lahiff Maureen , Main Elliott K.
Published: June 2024

Objective

To evaluate the association of labor induction on cesarean delivery and other maternal and neonatal outcomes in low‐risk, full‐term patients in community hospitals during a period of concerted effort to safely prevent cesarean delivery.

Methods

We performed a retrospective cohort study using the California Maternal Data Center comprised linked discharge diagnoses and birth certificate data for all low‐risk, nulliparous, term, singleton, vertex (NTSV) individuals between 39 and 41 weeks from three Sacramento Valley community hospitals from 2016 to 2022 (N = 10,821) during a period of state‐wide efforts to safely reduce cesarean rates. Logistic regression was used to calculate odds ratios (ORs) and adjusted odds ratios (aORs) after labor induction in two time periods before and after the ARRIVE trial.

Results

During the study period, labor induction increased from 14.7% to 23.1%. Controlling for maternal age, pre‐pregnancy BMI, birthweight, maternal race and ethnicity, birthplace, English language, gestational age, Medicaid status, delivery year, and labor induction was associated with an increased aOR of 1.67 (95% CI 1.48–1.89) for cesarean delivery. We found a trend toward increased aOR of chorioamnionitis but no differences in blood transfusion, severe maternal morbidity, unexpected newborn complications, chorioamnionitis, operative vaginal delivery, maternal lacerations, and shoulder dystocia with labor induction. A decrease aOR of cesarean delivery was observed comparing all births in 2019–2021 to 2016–2018.

Conclusion

Labor induction was associated with an increased aOR for cesarean delivery both before and after the ARRIVE trial. A decreased aOR for cesarean delivery was observed during the period of statewide efforts to safely reduce cesarean delivery both with and without labor induction.
Secondary primary malignancies after CD‐19 directed CAR‐T‐cell therapy in lymphomas: A report from the Italian CART‐SIE study
Authors: Barone Angelica , Chiappella Annalisa , Casadei Beatrice , Bramanti Stefania , Ljevar Silva , Chiusolo Patrizia , Di Rocco Alice , Tisi Maria Chiara , Barbui Anna Maria , Farina Mirko , Brunello Lucia , Di Chio Maria Chiara , Novo Mattia , Musso Maurizio , Olivieri Jacopo , Trotta Gentiana Elena , Dodero Anna , Aiello Antonella , Corradini Paolo
Published: June 2024

Secondary primary malignancies (SPM) have been reported after anti‐BCMA or anti‐CD19 chimeric antigen receptor (CAR)‐T‐cell therapies. While the cytotoxic effect of antecedent therapies, including chemotherapy and radiotherapy, has been well established, few data are available on risk related to CAR‐T immunotherapies. The study aimed to analyse the incidence of SPM in 651 patients enrolled in the Italian prospective observational CART‐SIE study. SPMs were documented in 4.3% (28/651), and the most frequent SPMs were haematological malignancies. In conclusion, the frequency of SPMs in our cohort of heavily pretreated patients receiving CAR‐T was relatively low and consistent with previous studies.
Synergistic effects of the KDM4C inhibitor SD70 and the menin inhibitor MI‐503 against MLL::AF9‐driven acute myeloid leukaemia
Authors: Zhu Wenqi , Ding Yiyi , Huang Wanling , Guo Nini , Ren Qian , Wang Nan , Ma Xiaotong
Published: June 2024

MLL‐rearranged (MLL‐r) leukaemia is observed in approximately 10% of acute myeloid leukaemia (AML) and is associated with a relatively poor prognosis, highlighting the need for new treatment regimens. MLL fusion proteins produced by MLL rearrangements recruit KDM4C to mediate epigenetic reprogramming, which is required for the maintenance of MLL‐r leukaemia. In this study, we used a combinatorial drug screen to selectively identify synergistic treatment partners for the KDM4C inhibitor SD70. The results showed that the drug combination of SD70 and MI‐503, a potent menin‐MLL inhibitor, induced synergistically enhanced apoptosis in MLL::AF9 leukaemia cells without affecting normal CD34+ cells. In vivo treatment with SD70 and MI‐503 significantly prolonged survival in AML xenograft models. Differential gene expression analysis by RNA‐seq following combined pharmacological inhibition of SD70 and MI‐503 revealed changes in numerous genes, with MYC target genes being the most significantly downregulated. Taken together, these data provide preclinical evidence that the combination of SD70 and MI‐503 is a potential dual‐targeted therapy for MLL::AF9 AML.
Dasatinib induces endothelial dysfunction leading to impaired recovery from ischaemia
Authors: Gover‐Proaktor Ayala , Leshem‐Lev Dorit , Winograd‐Katz Sabina , Partouche Shirly , Samara Aladin , Shapira Saar , Nardi‐Agmon Inbar , Harari Emanuel , Younis Aseel , Najjar Abderrahman , Kornowski Ran , Geiger Benjamin , Raanani Pia , Leader Avi , Granot Galit
Published: June 2024

Chronic myeloid leukaemia (CML) management is complicated by treatment‐emergent vascular adverse events seen with tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs) such as nilotinib, dasatinib and ponatinib. Pleural effusion and pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH) have been associated with dasatinib treatment. Endothelial dysfunction and impaired angiogenesis are hallmarks of PAH. In this study, we explored, at cellular and whole animal levels, the connection between dasatinib exposure and disruption of endothelial barrier integrity and function, leading to impaired angiogenesis. Understanding the mechanisms whereby dasatinib initiates PAH will provide opportunities for intervention and prevention of such adverse effects, and for future development of safer TKIs, thereby improving CML management.
An agonist of the adenosine A2A receptor, CGS21680, promotes corneal epithelial wound healing via the YAP signalling pathway
Authors: Sun Qiuqin , Jiang Nan , Yao Rui , Song Yue , Li Zewen , Wang Wei , Chen Jiangfan , Guo Wei
Published: June 2024

Background and Purpose

The adenosine A2A receptor (A2AR) is involved in various physiological and pathological processes in the eye; however, the role of the A2AR signalling in corneal epithelial wound healing is not known. Here, the expression, therapeutic effects and signalling mechanism of A2AR in corneal epithelial wound healing were investigated using the A2AR agonist CGS21680.

Experimental Approach

A2AR localization and expression during wound healing in the murine cornea were determined by immunofluorescence staining, quantitative reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT‐qPCR) and western blotting. The effect of CGS21680 on corneal epithelial wound healing in the lesioned corneal and cultured human corneal epithelial cells (hCECs) by modulating cellular proliferation and migration was critically evaluated. The role of Hippo–YAP signalling in mediating the CGS21680 effect on wound healing by pharmacological inhibition of YAP signalling was explored.

Key Results

A2AR expression was up‐regulated after corneal epithelial injury. Topical administration of CGS21680 dose‐dependently promoted corneal epithelial wound healing in the injured corneal epithelium by promoting cellular proliferation. Furthermore, CGS21680 accelerated the cellular proliferation and migration of hCECs in vitro. A2AR activation promoted early up‐regulation and later down‐regulation of YAP signalling molecules, and pharmacological inhibition of YAP signalling reverted CGS21680‐mediated wound healing effect in vivo and in vitro.

Conclusion and Implications

A2AR activation promotes wound healing by enhancing cellular proliferation and migration through the YAP signalling pathway. A2ARs play an important role in the maintenance of corneal epithelium integrity and may represent a novel therapeutic target for facilitating corneal epithelial wound healing.
Re‐routing of submarine channels by Plio‐Quaternary extensional tectonics along the Tanzania margin and implications for an offshore branch of the East African Rift System
Authors: Dottore Stagna Marina , Maselli Vittorio , Reynolds David J. , Grujic Djordje , Iacopini David , Reynolds Pamela , Tewari Sugandha , van Vliet Arjan
Published: June 2024

The distribution and timing of Neogene extensional structures along the offshore Tanzania margin and their influence on submarine sediment dispersal pathways remain poorly constrained. This knowledge gap limits understanding of the propagation of the East African Rift System (EARS) in the western Indian Ocean. In this study, we use 2D and 3D seismic reflection data to explore a portion of the upper slope region offshore the Rufiji River delta which led to the discovery of a new extensional structure. Horizon maps and seismic sections extracted from the 3D volume reveal that the slope was intersected by W‐E‐oriented turbidite channels during the Cenozoic until the early Pliocene (5.3 Ma). Since then, the opening of this graben, whose timing is also constrained by stratigraphic horizon flattening, has led to a southward reorientation of these channels, a pattern that persists today, as evidenced by the flow direction of the channels at the modern seafloor. 2D seismic profiles reaching depths of 10 s two‐way travel time (TWT) indicate that the formation of this graben is not related to the reactivation of Mesozoic structures. In detail, seismic data show that the acoustic basement is intersected by extensional faults, likely related to the Jurassic rift tectonics, which is reactivated during the middle Cretaceous forming a gentle monocline. The lack of deformation in the post‐Cretaceous suggests a period of tectonic quiescence which persists until the establishment of a new extensional regime responsible for the graben's opening, indicating a decoupling between Mesozoic and Neogene tectonics. Considering the similarity in kinematics, orientation and timing between the graben and other structures along the margin, onshore and offshore, we interpret this graben to be generated by a later tectonic phase of the EARS. These new results may indicate that tectonic stresses associated with the EARS migrated from the Tanzania craton, where the oldest rift structures are dated to ca. 25 Ma, to the western Indian Ocean, where the tectonic activity started during the middle‐late Miocene to Pliocene.
Alternative magnetic field exposure suppresses tumor growth via metabolic reprogramming
Authors: Akimoto Taisuke , Islam Md Rafikul , Nagasako Akane , Kishi Kazuhito , Nakakaji Rina , Ohtake Makoto , Hasumi Hisashi , Yamaguchi Takashi , Yamada Shigeki , Yamamoto Tetsuya , Ishikawa Yoshihiro , Umemura Masanari
Published: June 2024

Application of physical forces, ranging from ultrasound to electric fields, is recommended in various clinical practice guidelines, including those for treating cancers and bone fractures. However, the mechanistic details of such treatments are often inadequately understood, primarily due to the absence of comprehensive study models. In this study, we demonstrate that an alternating magnetic field (AMF) inherently possesses a direct anti‐cancer effect by enhancing oxidative phosphorylation (OXPHOS) and thereby inducing metabolic reprogramming. We observed that the proliferation of human glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) cells (U87 and LN229) was inhibited upon exposure to AMF within a specific narrow frequency range, including around 227 kHz. In contrast, this exposure did not affect normal human astrocytes (NHA). Additionally, in mouse models implanted with human GBM cells in the brain, daily exposure to AMF for 30 min over 21 days significantly suppressed tumor growth and prolonged overall survival. This effect was associated with heightened reactive oxygen species (ROS) production and increased manganese superoxide dismutase (MnSOD) expression. The anti‐cancer efficacy of AMF was diminished by either a mitochondrial complex IV inhibitor or a ROS scavenger. Along with these observations, there was a decrease in the extracellular acidification rate (ECAR) and an increase in the oxygen consumption rate (OCR). This suggests that AMF‐induced metabolic reprogramming occurs in GBM cells but not in normal cells. Our results suggest that AMF exposure may offer a straightforward strategy to inhibit cancer cell growth by leveraging oxidative stress through metabolic reprogramming.
Prognostic and therapeutic potential of imbalance between PD‐1+CD8 and ICOS+Treg cells in advanced HBV‐HCC
Authors: Yan Fengna , Zhu Bingbing , Shi Ke , Zhang Yi , Zeng Xuanwei , Zhang Qun , Yang Zhiyun , Wang Xianbo
Published: June 2024

Over 50% of patients with hepatitis B virus‐associated hepatocellular carcinoma (HBV‐HCC) are diagnosed at an advanced stage, which is characterized by immune imbalance between CD8+ T cells and regulatory T (Treg) cells that accelerates disease progression. However, there is no imbalance indicator to predict clinical outcomes. Here, we show that the proportion of CD8+ T cells decreases and Treg cells increases in advanced HBV‐HCC patients. During this stage, CD8+ T cells and Treg cells expressed the coinhibitory molecule PD‐1 and the costimulatory molecule ICOS, respectively. Additionally, the ratio between PD‐1+CD8 and ICOS+Tregs showed significant changes. Patients were further divided into high‐ and low‐ratio groups: PD‐1+CD8 and ICOS+Tregs high‐ (PD‐1/ICOShi) and low‐ratio (PD‐1/ICOSlo) groups according to ratio median. Compared with PD‐1/ICOSlo patients, the PD‐1/ICOShi group had better clinical prognosis and weaker CD8+ T cells exhaustion, and the T cell‐killing and proliferation functions were more conservative. Surprisingly, the small sample analysis found that PD‐1/ICOShi patients exhibited a higher proportion of tissue‐resident memory T (TRM) cells and had more stable killing capacity and lower apoptosis capacity than PD‐1/ICOSlo advanced HBV‐HCC patients treated with immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs). In conclusion, the ratio between PD‐1+CD8 and ICOS+Tregs was associated with extreme immune imbalance and poor prognosis in advanced HBV‐HCC. These findings provide significant clinical implications for the prognosis of advanced HBV‐HCC and may serve as a theoretical basis for identifying new targets in immunotherapy.
Assessing the efficacy of celecoxib after tonsillectomy and/or adenoidectomy: A systematic review and meta‐analysis of randomised control trials
Authors: Banatwala Umm E Salma Shabbar , Syed Abdul Rehman Shah , Ain Noor Ul , Zulfikar Aimen , Akhund Ilqa Ikram , Lodhi Rija , Baig Rameesha , Ghufran Laiba , Rizwan Ayesha , Bai Meena , Khatri Mahima , Kumar Satesh
Published: June 2024

Objectives

Tonsillectomy and adenoidectomy are common surgical procedures that cause persistent pain, bleeding, and functional limitations. We aimed to investigate the efficacy of celecoxib compared with a placebo for managing post‐tonsillectomy or adenoidectomy pain and other adverse events.

Design

Systematic review and meta‐analysis.

Methods

We conducted a systematic literature search in the PubMed, Cochrane, and Google Scholar databases from inception until July 2023. Dichotomous outcomes have been reported as risk ratios (RR) while continuous outcomes were reported using mean differences (MD). A funnel plot was drawn to investigate publication bias.

Results

From 1394 records identified, 6 randomised double‐blind trials comprising 591 participants undergoing tonsillectomy and/or adenoidectomy were eligible for inclusion. A high dose (400 mg) of celecoxib was effective in decreasing the pain score for ‘worst pain’ after the procedure (MD: −10.98, [95% CI: −11.53, −10.42], p < .01, I2 = 0%) while a low dose (200 mg) was not significantly effective (p = 0.31). For managing other outcomes such as vomiting (RR: 1.37 [95% CI: 0.69, 2.68], p = 0.37, I2 = 67%), diarrhoea (RR: 1.41, [95% CI: 0.75, 2.64], p = .29, I2 = 42%), dizziness/drowsiness (RR: 0.90, [95% CI: 0.71, 1.15], p = .48, I2 = 0%), functional recovery time (p = .74), and headache (p = .91), there was no significant difference between the group on celecoxib and the placebo group regardless of dosage. Finally, there was no significant difference (RR: 1.02, [95% CI: 0.91, 1.15], p = .69, I2 = 0%) in the effect of the intervention on minimum bleeding, moderate bleeding, and profuse bleeding.

Conclusion

This meta‐analysis provides robust evidence pooled from high‐quality trials and raises questions about the efficacy of celecoxib for tonsillectomy and/or adenoidectomy, challenging existing perceptions.
The mathematical model for colour preference in Chinese painting within museum lighting environments
Authors: Dang Rui , Wang Shuning , Sun Xingcan , Tang Ming , Yang Di
Published: June 2024

Colour in a Chinese painting not only conveys cultural, historical, and philosophical concepts but also carries specific symbolic meanings and emotions, possessing a high level of artistic value. However, the sensitivity of Chinese paintings to light results in exhibition environments being characterised by low illuminance and low colour temperature. Therefore, accurately assessing colour preferences in Chinese paintings under such conditions is an issue that needs to be addressed. This study conducted simulated experiments in real museum exhibition halls, with 36 participants providing subjective evaluations of Chinese paintings, to explore the effects of various lighting parameters on colour preferences. Through statistical analysis and multiple linear regression, the relationship between lighting parameters and colour preferences in a Chinese painting was determined, and an evaluation model was established. This research outcome provides important mathematical tools for selecting appropriate lighting and developing dedicated lighting for Chinese paintings, ensuring the artistic inheritance of Chinese painting colours.