bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Medidas para a avaliação da mobilidade urbana de transporte ativo: um estudo de caso
Authors: Tischer Vinicius
Published: June 2019

O crescimento demográfico acelerado em cidades de médio porte se apresenta como um desafio para gestores municipais, no sentido de compatibilizar a expansão urbana com uma mobilidade sustentável. O objetivo deste trabalho foi mensurar parâmetros urbanos relacionados ao uso de transporte ativo, estabelecendo indicadores que possam ser empregados como medida indireta do nível de uso do transporte ativo em cidades. A pesquisa foi realizada por meio de comparação, tendo por estudo de caso um município de porte médio, com cidades-referência, na mobilidade sustentável, na Europa. A metodologia foi baseada no mapeamento da infraestrutura pedonal, cicloviária e ferroviária. Foram obtidos indicadores para as infraestruturas analisadas, permitindo constatar diferenças significativas na cobertura das infraestruturas entre as cidades brasileiras e as europeias estudadas.
Gerenciamento de projetos na Reserva Extrativista do Ciriaco/MA: desempenho e participação
Authors: Santos Lucélia Neves dos , Beraldo Keile Aparecida , Rodrigues Waldecy
Published: June 2019

O presente trabalho tem como objetivo apresentar e analisar os projetos desenvolvidos junto às comunidades localizadas na Reserva Extrativista do Ciriaco, no município de Cidelândia, no Maranhão, demonstrando como estes são gerenciados, a partir da identificação de suas etapas, com as do Guia do Conjunto de Conhecimentos em Gerenciamento de Projetos (PMBOK). Para tanto, buscou-se levantar os projetos executados no período de 1996 até 2017 e apresentar as etapas de cada operação. Foi utilizada a abordagem qualitativa, com técnicas de pesquisa bibliográfica. Os resultados mostram que os projetos têm especificidades a partir da realidade do seu contexto (empresa público/privada, Unidade de Conservação, outros). Concluiu-se que a Resex do Ciriaco segue o seu Plano de Manejo, elaborado em conformidade com o Guia PMBOK como documento-base para orientar a implementação de projetos.
Evaluation of Varieties of Caupi Bean to Meloidogyne Incognita Parasitism
Authors: Júnior Gilberto Antonio Torres , Almeida Fernandes Antonio de , Sampaio Erik Gomes , Lucena Francisco Tarcísio , Leite Maria Lucia Tiburtino , Fonseca Wéverson Lima , Barreto Artur Franco , Neto Francisco de Alcântara , Neto Francisco de Alcântara , Pereira Francisco Fernandes , Carvalho Rezanio Martins , Gondim Ancélio Ricardo de Oliveira , Xavier Lucimere Maria da Silva
Published: June 2019

The culture of Cowpea (Vigna unguiculata L.) of wide adaptation of the various edaphoclimatic conditions of Brazil is of fundamental importance for the socioeconomic development of the north and northeast regions, however, the productivity can be limited by pathogenic agents, such as phytonematodes, belonging to the genus Meloidogyne. Due to this condition, the objective was to evaluate the behavior of different varieties of cowpea against the parasitism of M. incognita. The reaction test was performed with inoculation of 5.000 eggs/juveniles in the region of the root. The experiment was carried out in a greenhouse, with a completely randomized design, with 14 varieties (Bastiãozinho; Mosqueado; Maravilha; Balinha; Garanhão; Sempre verde; Canapuzinho; Canapu branco; Paulistinha; Pujante; Canapu da Vagem Roxa; Rajado PE; Costela de Vaca e Setentão) with five replications. 60 Sixty days after inoculation, some agronomic characteristics and parasitism were evaluated. All varieties were susceptible to M. incognita, with RR > 1. However, the Paulistinha variety proved to be moderately resistant.
Reflections and Implications of Philately in the Promotion of Mining and Mineral Samples, Fossils and Gems in Romania (I): 1945-1960
Authors: Cioruța Bogdan , Pop Alexandru Leonard , Coman Mirela
Published: June 2019

The natural heritage is defined and accepted as the set of physico-geographic and biocenotic (floristic, faunistic) components and structures of the natural environment, whose ecological, economic, scientific, biogenic, sanogenic, landscape, recreational and cultural-historic significance and value has a relevant significance for present and future generations. Constantly promoting philatelic themes that address the natural heritage, different philatelic associations and post office entities performs a series of postage elements in whose pictures we also find the Romanian industrial preoccupations over time. In this paper we propose an insight into the history of mining-philately and bring into discussion the first significant concerns in promoting mining activity and mineral samples, fossils and gems in Romania. In this context, the main objective of this paper is to identify, index and describe the main philatelic pieces issued in Romania (postal stamps, FDCs, occasional envelopes, postcards and maxicards etc), from the beginning of issuing in this field, namely the period 1945-1960.
Analysis of Strategic Variables for Ecotourism Development; an Application of Micmac
Authors: Ariyani Nafiah , Fauzi Akhmad
Published: June 2019

This study aims to determine strategic factors and its relationship in developing ecotourism areas. This research uses prospective structural approach. The analytical method uses Micmac to identify the most influential variables and its relation to Kedung Ombo ecotourism development. The results of analysis which realize the typology of strategic variables based on the strength of influence found 6 classifications of variable, namely: 1. The dominant variable consists of: regulation, and governance; 2. Key variable (Relay variable) consists of: institutional coordination, apparatus role, tourism marketing and tourism promotions. 3. Autonomous variable consists of: natural beauty, accessibility, potential of market tourism, local awareness of tourism. 4. The output variable consists of: funds for community, preservation of local wisdom, preservation of forest sustainability, conservation of reservoir function. 5. Regulators variable consists of: special permit policy for investment, retribution policy, tax policy, allowance policy, tourist attractions. 6. Secondary variable consists of: availability of tourism infrastructure, tourist interest of ecotourism, involvement of local community. The results of this study show a variety of information sources for policy makers in Kedung Ombo ecotourism development in a sustainable manner.
A reevaluation of the contribution of NRT1.1 to nitrate uptake in Arabidopsis under low‐nitrate supply
Authors: Ye Jia Yuan , Tian Wen Hao , Jin Chong Wei
Published: June 2019

NRT1.1 has been previously characterized as a dual‐affinity nitrate transporter in Arabidopsis, though several lines of evidence have raised questions regarding its high‐affinity function in nitrate uptake. Here, we show that the induction of NRT2.1‐ and NRT2.2‐mediated nitrate uptake interferes with measurements of the contribution of NRT1.1 to high‐affinity uptake using nrt1.1 mutants. Therefore, a nrt1.1/2.1/2.2 triple mutant was generated to reevaluate the role of NRT1.1 in high‐affinity nitrate uptake. This triple mutant has a lower rate of nitrate uptake than the nrt2.1/2.2 double mutant under low external nitrate supply, resulting in a lower growth rate than that of the double mutant. Therefore, we conclude that NRT1.1‐mediated high‐affinity nitrate uptake is necessary for plant growth under low‐nitrate conditions.
Stability of Measures of Pain Catastrophizing and Widespread Pain Following Total Knee Replacement
Authors: Lape Emma C. , Selzer Faith , Collins Jamie E. , Losina Elena , Katz Jeffrey N.
Published: June 2019

Objective

Pain catastrophizing and widespread pain are predictors of pain chronicity/severity. Gaps remain in our understanding of the extent to which each is a stable (trait) or dynamic (state) variable. We undertook this study to assess the stability of each variable from before to after total knee replacement (TKR) and whether changes are explained by pain improvements.

Methods

We used data from a prospective study of TKR recipients ages ≥40 years. Questionnaires included body pain diagrams assessing widespread pain, the Pain Catastrophizing Scale (PCS), and the Western Ontario and McMaster Universities Osteoarthritis Index (WOMAC) pain subscale. We divided subjects into widespread pain groups (0 versus 1–2 versus ≥3 pain regions) and into low and high PCS score groups (<16 versus ≥16). We assessed changes in group membership from pre‐TKR to 12 months post‐TKR, then compared these changes between subjects with most and least WOMAC pain improvement.

Results

A total of 176 subjects completed scales at both time points; 64% were female, the mean age was 66 years, and baseline median WOMAC pain score was 40. In all, 71% of subjects in the high PCS score group improved to join the low PCS score group at follow‐up. While 73 subjects (41%) changed widespread pain group, they were similarly likely to worsen and to improve. We found a statistically significant positive association of improvement in WOMAC pain score with improvement in PCS score (r = 0.31), but not widespread pain (r = –0.004).

Conclusion

The PCS score reflects state‐like aspects of catastrophizing that diminish along with pain. In contrast, widespread pain scores worsened and improved equally often, regardless of knee pain relief. The findings urge caution in interpreting PCS score and widespread pain as trait measures in musculoskeletal research.
Reproducibility of Ocular Surface Staining in the Assessment of Sjögren Syndrome–Related Keratoconjunctivitis Sicca: Implications on Disease Classification
Authors: Rasmussen Astrid , Stone Donald U. , Kaufman C. Erick , Hefner Kimberly S. , Fram Nicole R. , Siatkowski Rhea L. , Huang Andrew J. W. , Chodosh James , Rasmussen Pablo T. , Fife Dustin A. , Pezant Nathan , Grundahl Kiely , Radfar Lida , Lewis David M. , Weisman Michael H. , Venuturupalli Swamy , Wallace Daniel J. , Rhodus Nelson L. , Brennan Michael T. , Montgomery Courtney G. , Lessard Christopher J. , Scofield R. Hal , Sivils Kathy L.
Published: June 2019

Objective

The objective of this study was to assess the performance and reproducibility of the two currently used ocular surface staining scores in the assessment of keratoconjunctivitis sicca in Sjögren syndrome (SS) research classification.

Methods

In a multidisciplinary clinic for the evaluation of sicca, we performed all tests for the American European Consensus Group (AECG) and the American College of Rheumatology (ACR)/European League Against Rheumatism (EULAR) classification criteria, including the van Bijsterveld score (vBS) and the Ocular Staining Score (OSS), in 994 participants with SS or with non‐SS sicca. We analyzed the concordance between the scores, the diagnostic accuracy and correlation with clinical variables, and interrater and intrasubject reproducibility.

Results

A total of 308 (31.1%) participants had a discordant vBS and OSS that was due to extra corneal staining points in the OSS. The presence of one or more of the additional points was highly predictive of SS classification (odds ratio = 3.66; P = 1.65 × 10e‐20) and was associated with abnormal results of all measures of autoimmunity and glandular dysfunction. Receiver operating characteristic curves showed optimal cutoff values of four for the vBS (sensitivity = 0.62; specificity = 0.71; Youden's J = 0.33) and five for the OSS (sensitivity = 0.56; specificity = 0.75; Youden's J = 0.31). Notably, there was very poor consistency in interobserver mean scores and distributions (P < 0.0001) and in intrasubject scores after a median of 5.5 years (35% changed status of the ocular criterion).

Conclusion

Ocular surface staining scores are useful for SS research classification; however, they are subject to significant interrater and intrasubject variability, which could result in changes in classification in 5%‐10% of all subjects. These results highlight the need for objective and reproducible markers of disease that have thus far remained elusive for SS.
Controlling the Selectivity of Conjugated Microporous Polymer Membrane for Efficient Organic Solvent Nanofiltration
Authors: He Xiao , Sin Haksong , Liang Bin , Ghazi Zahid Ali , Khattak Abdul Muqsit , Khan Niaz Ali , Alanagh Hamideh Rezvani , Li Lianshan , Lu Xiaoquan , Tang Zhiyong
Published: June 2019

To realize selective separation of important small molecules in organic solvents with high permeability is highly desired but not attained yet, because it requires stringent control over selectivity in nanofiltration membranes. Here, a thiophene‐containing conjugated microporous polymer membrane, in which the pore size is finely tuned at the angstrom scale through postoxidation of the thiophene moieties, is reported. The successful modification is confirmed by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy, and water contact angle, leading to obvious pore size reduction evidenced by nitrogen adsorption. Upon postmodification, the selectivity of the membrane can be effectively controlled. In the pristine membrane, the methanol permeance reaches 32 liters per square meter per hour per bar (L m−2 h−1 bar−1) with a molecular weight cut‐off (MWCO) of 800 g mol−1. Significantly, after in situ postmodification of thiophene moieties, the largest pore size is reduced from 1.73 to 1.48 nm, giving rise to a remarkable decrease of MWCO from 800 to 500 g mol−1, while the permeance of methanol still maintains as high as 21 L m−2 h−1 bar−1.
Lithium Benzenedithiolate Catholytes for Rechargeable Lithium Batteries
Authors: Li Fengli , Si Yubing , Liu Bingjie , Li Zhongjun , Fu Yongzhu
Published: June 2019

Organic electrode materials have become a vibrant area of research. Lithium benzenedithiolate (LBDT) consists of two –SLi groups that could donate 2Li+ and 2e− in oxidation reactions, thus being a potential high‐capacity organic cathode material for rechargeable lithium batteries. Herein, 1,2‐, 1,3‐, and 1,4‐LBDTs are investigated to elucidate the relationship of their redox chemistry and effect of lithium thiolate position on their electrochemical behavior experimentally and theoretically. High‐performance liquid chromatography in tandem with quadrupole time‐of‐flight mass spectrometry is used, for the first time, to separate and identify the charge and discharge products of these compounds in lithium batteries. During the charging process, 1,2‐, 1,3‐ and 1,4‐LBDTs are mainly converted to the cyclic dimer, trimer, and tetramer respectively. While in the discharge process, the initial lithiated materials are recovered. The cyclic dimer of 1,2‐LBDT shows the lowest discharge overpotential and fast kinetics, which are related to the easiness of the 2nd lithiation process. It delivers an initial specific capacity of 340 mAh g−1 and retains 84.1% of the initial capacity over 100 cycles at C/2 rate. In addition, it shows much better rate capability than the other two LBDTs. The structure–performance relationship of LBDT in lithium batteries is correlated.
Enhancing the Permeability and Antifouling Properties of Polyamide Composite Reverse Osmosis Membrane by Surface Modification with Zwitterionic Amino Acid l‐Arginine
Authors: Chen Dandan , Liu Tianyu , Kang Jian , Xu Ruizhang , Cao Ya , Xiang Ming
Published: June 2019

The increase of the permeability and antifouling properties of reverse osmosis (RO) membranes is always significant in desalination. In this study, zwitterionic amino acid l‐Arginine (Arg) is grafted onto the self‐made RO membrane by one‐step method to construct the zwitterionic surface for enhancing the performances of the membranes. X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy verifies the successful covalent attachment of Arg onto the membrane surface. Atomic force microscopy, contact angle, and zeta potential measurements manifest that the modified membrane surface becomes smoother, more hydrophilic, and less negatively charged. The contact angles decrease from 72.6° to 43.7° after Arg‐modification. For the optimized modified membrane, its water flux increases from original 45.46 to 63.51 L m−2 h−1 (improved by 39.7%); while the salt rejection ascends from 96.42% to 98.08%. Using bovine serum albumin and dodecyltrimethyl ammonium bromide as model foulants, fouling‐resistant properties of the modified membranes are estimated by three‐time cycle filtration tests. The experimental results show that the modified membranes have superior fouling‐resistant and easy‐cleaning properties. Mechanism concerning the roles of grafting Arg in the enhancement of the performances of the resulting membranes is proposed.
The effect of hydrodynamic parameters on the production of Pickering emulsions in a baffled stirred tank
Authors: Abdulrasaq Usman K. , Ayranci Inci
Published: June 2019

Pickering emulsions are potential industrial scale alternatives to surfactant‐based emulsions. The stability of Pickering emulsions depends on the physicochemical nature of the liquid–particle interface and the hydrodynamic conditions of the production process. This article investigates the effect of hydrodynamic conditions on the drop size of concentrated Pickering emulsions in baffled stirred tanks. Oil in water emulsions composed of silicon oil, water, and hydrophilic glass beads as stabilizing particles were produced. Two impellers were used at different sizes: Rushton turbine (RT) and pitched blade turbine. The effects of power per mass, Reynolds number, tip speed, and Weber number on the droplet sizes were studied. The energy dissipated around the impeller and the size of the impeller high shear zone were found to be critical to the emulsion droplet sizes. The breakup and droplet‐particle contact mechanism of the RT was found to be more favorable for the production of the Pickering emulsions.
Replica Symmetry Breaking in FRET‐Assisted Random Laser Based on Electrospun Polymer Fiber
Authors: Xia Jiangying , He Jijun , Xie Kang , Zhang Xiaojuan , Hu Lei , Li Yaxin , Chen Xianxian , Ma Jiajun , Wen Jianxiang , Chen Jingjing , Pan Qiaosheng , Zhang Junxi , Vatnik Ilya D. , Churkin Dmitry , Hu Zhijia
Published: June 2019

Spin‐glass theory has been widely introduced to describe the statistical behaviors in complex physical systems. By analogy between disorder photonics and other complex systems, the glassy behavior, especially the replica symmetry breaking (RSB) phenomenon, has been observed in random lasers. However, previous studies only analyzed the statistical properties of the random laser systems with single gain material. Here, the first experimental evidence of the glassy behavior in a random laser with complex energy level structure is reported. This novel random laser is demonstrated based on the electrospun polymer fibers with the assistance of Förster resonance energy transfer (FRET). The electrospinning technology employed in the experiment herein promises high‐volume production of random laser devices with multiple energy levels, enabling the comprehensive investigation of lasing properties in multi‐energy level random laser system. Clear paramagnetic phase and spin‐glass phase are observed in the FRET‐assisted random laser under different pump energies. The RSB phase transition is verified to occur at the laser threshold, which is robust among the random lasers with different donor–acceptor ratio. The finding of RSB in FRET‐assisted random laser provides a new statistical analysis method toward the laser system with complex energy level, for example, quantum cascade laser.
Ion‐Mobility Mass Spectrometry for the Rapid Determination of the Topology of Interlocked and Knotted Molecules
Authors: Kruve Anneli , Caprice Kenji , Lavendomme Roy , Wollschläger Jan M. , Schoder Stefan , Schröder Hendrik V. , Nitschke Jonathan R. , Cougnon Fabien B. L. , Schalley Christoph A.
Published: June 2019

A rapid screening method based on traveling‐wave ion‐mobility spectrometry (TWIMS) combined with tandem mass spectrometry provides insight into the topology of interlocked and knotted molecules, even when they exist in complex mixtures, such as interconverting dynamic combinatorial libraries. A TWIMS characterization of structure‐indicative fragments generated by collision‐induced dissociation (CID) together with a floppiness parameter defined based on parent‐ and fragment‐ion arrival times provide a straightforward topology identification. To demonstrate its broad applicability, this approach is applied here to six Hopf and two Solomon links, a trefoil knot, and a [3]catenate.
Chemical Genetics Reveals a Role of dCTP Pyrophosphatase 1 in Wnt Signaling
Authors: Friese Alexandra , Kapoor Shobhna , Schneidewind Tabea , Vidadala Srinivasa Rao , Sardana Juhi , Brause Alexandra , Förster Tim , Bischoff Matthias , Wagner Jessica , Janning Petra , Ziegler Slava , Waldmann Herbert
Published: June 2019

Cell‐based screening is a powerful approach to identify novel chemical modulators and biological components of relevant biological processes. The canonical Wnt pathway is essential for normal embryonic development and tissue homeostasis, and its deregulation plays a crucial role in carcinogenesis. Therefore, the identification of new pathway members and regulators is of significant interest. By means of a cell‐based assay monitoring Wnt signaling we identified the pyrrolocoumarin Pyrcoumin as inhibitor of canonical Wnt signaling. Target identification and validation revealed that Pyrcoumin is a competitive inhibitor of dCTP pyrophosphatase 1 (dCTPP1). We demonstrate a yet unknown interaction of dCTPP1 with ubiquitin carboxyl‐terminal hydrolase (USP7) that is counteracted by dCTPP1 inhibitors. These findings indicate that dCTPP1 plays a role in regulation of Wnt/β‐catenin signaling most likely through a direct interaction with USP7.
Mechanistic investigation of phytochemicals involved in green synthesis of gold nanoparticles using aqueous Elaeis guineensis leaves extract: Role of phenolic compounds and flavonoids
Authors: Ahmad Tausif , Bustam Mohamad Azmi , Irfan Muhammad , Moniruzzaman Muhammad , Asghar Hafiz Muhammad Anwaar , Bhattacharjee Sekhar
Published: June 2019

Phytosynthesis of gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) has achieved an indispensable significance due to the diverse roles played by biomolecules in directing the physiochemical characteristics of biosynthesized nanoparticles. Therefore, the precise identification of key bioactive compounds involved in producing AuNPs is vital to control their tunable characteristics for potential applications. Herein, qualitative and quantitative determination of key biocompounds contributing to the formation of AuNPs using aqueous Elaeis guineensis leaves extract is reported. Moreover, roles of phenolic compounds and flavonoids in reduction of Au3+ and stabilization of AuNPs have been elucidated by establishing a reaction mechanism. Fourier‐transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) showed shifting of O─H stretching vibrations toward longer wavenumbers and C═O toward shorter wavenumbers due to involvement of polyphenolic compounds in biosynthesis and oxidation of polyphenolic into carboxylic compounds, respectively, which cape nanoparticles to inhibit the aggregation. Congruently, pyrolysis–gas chromatography–mass spectrometry revealed the major contribution of polyphenolic compounds in the synthesis of AuNPs, which was further endorsed by reduction of total phenolic and total flavonoids contents from 48.08 ± 1.98 to 9.59 ± 0.92 mg GAE/g and 32.02 ± 1.31 to 13.8 ± 0.97 mg CE/g within 60 Min, respectively. Based on experimental results, reaction mechanism explained the roles of phenolic compounds and flavonoids in producing spherical‐shaped AuNPs.
Assessing the validity of inferences from scores on the cognitive reflection test
Authors: Blacksmith Nikki , Yang Yongwei , Behrend Tara S. , Ruark Gregory A.
Published: June 2019

Decision‐making researchers purport that a novel cognitive ability construct, cognitive reflection, explains variance in intuitive thinking processes that traditional mental ability constructs do not. However, researchers have questioned the validity of the primary measure because of poor construct conceptualization and lack of validity studies. Prior studies have not adequately aligned the analytical techniques with the theoretical basis of the construct, dual‐processing theory of reasoning. The present study assessed the validity of inferences drawn from the cognitive reflection test (CRT) scores. We analyzed response processes with an item response tree model, a method that aligns with the dual‐processing theory in order to interpret CRT scores. Findings indicate that the intuitive and reflective factors that the test purportedly measures were indistinguishable. Exploratory, post hoc analyses demonstrate that CRT scores are most likely capturing mental abilities. We suggest that future researchers recognize and distinguish between individual differences in cognitive abilities and cognitive processes.
A naturalistic pilot study assessing the impact of assessment pathways and intake methods within Improving Access to Psychological Therapies services
Authors: Steen Scott , Hemmings Adrian , Foster Joan , Bedford Jill , Gorbing Sue
Published: June 2019

Fast access pathways characterise many Improving Access to Psychological Therapy (IAPT) services, allowing them to see increasing numbers of referrals year on year. At the same time, emerging research is highlighting potential care inefficiencies, including early treatment disengagement, inappropriate treatment allocation, less than optimal clinical outcomes, and repeat referrals. Integrating more stratified models based on in‐depth and comprehensive assessment techniques which include some therapeutic input could help better target interventions. This could lead to improved engagement and clinical outcomes, while also providing enough therapeutic support to those attending one session only. This pilot study assesses the impact of assessment pathways and intake methods involving a 90‐min face‐to‐face therapeutic consultation, compared with a 45‐min over‐the‐phone assessment session across two IAPT providers in the south of England, and three assessment pathways involving elements of either method and service. Using an observational analysis of routinely collected data across 12 months, intake scores, attendance data and clinical measures of reliable recovery and improvement were considered. The comparisons of intake method reported no significant differences when both services were included; however, there were significant differences in treatment effect sizes and session attendance on an assessment pathway basis. Where assessment sessions were delivered, there was a higher rate of disengagement between sessions one and two, indicating increased attrition. Based on the initial findings and supporting literature, there appears to great promise in exploring pathway modelling and intake processes within IAPT services.
CYP2C19 pharmacogenetics in patients undergoing coronary stent placement: Is it time to test everyone?
Authors: Price Dana J. , Levy Michael S.
Published: June 2019

Key Points

Although there are no current guidelines for when to test patients for CYP2C19 loss of function alleles, the current state of evidence suggests that testing high‐risk patients should be considered.

Based on this meta‐analysis, there is no reduction in major adverse cardiovascular events (MACE) in patients that receive genotype‐guided antiplatelet therapy, but there is a significant reduction in MACE when including only patients who present with acute coronary syndromes and a significant reduction in myocardial infarction.

Genotype‐guided therapy shows promise but requires further study to solidify this approach, and to determine which patients derive the most benefit.
Thrombocytopenia after transcatheter aortic valve replacement: What is really going on?
Authors: Block Peter C. , Lisko John C.
Published: June 2019

Key Points

In a multivariate model, the drop‐in platelet count (DPC) was significantly higher in patients treated with a balloon expandable valve (BEV) than a self‐expandable valve (SEV) (36.3% ± 15.1% vs. 27.7% ± 14.4%, p < .001).

In a univariate model, a higher DPC post‐transcatheter aortic valve replacement was observed in patients requiring alternate access and lower contrast volume.

The platelet count nadir was nearly a day later in patients implanted with a BEV compared with an SEV.

At 30 days, there was a higher rate of adverse events and mortality in patients with a high DPC.

At 1 year, there was no significant difference in mortality rates between the high DPC group and the low DPC group.
Bilateral olfactory aplasia: Uncommon cause of congenital anosmia
Authors: Mahmood Ashraf Nabeel , Abulaban Osama , Janjua Arshad
Published: June 2019

Olfactory aplasia is an uncommon cause of anosmia, and it should be suspected in young patients with lifelong decreased sense of smell. The aim of this article was to remind readers about this condition that need to be part of the differential diagnosis in similar clinical scenario, to avoid unnecessary investigation and overtreatment for these patients.
Noble‐Metal‐Free Colloidal‐Copper Based Low Overpotential Water Oxidation Electrocatalyst
Authors: Babar Noor‐Ul‐Ain , Joya Khurram Saleem , Ehsan Muhammad Ali , Khan Majad , Sharif Muhammad
Published: June 2019

Water oxidation catalysis is gaining more attention in recent times owing to its potential for solar and chemical energy conversion and for green fuel generation. The overwhelming hurdle in this quest is to develop a noble‐metal‐free, efficient, low overpotential water oxidation electrocatalyst exhibiting tremendous stability and to be obtained from earth‐abundant materials. We show here unique copper‐based water oxidation electrocatalyst derived from thin film Cu‐colloidal nanoparticles and is highly efficient, robust for water oxidation. The catalyst advantageously exhibits nanobeads and nanorods type mixed morphological features with narrow size distribution. The onset for oxygen evolution reaction occurs at a small potential of 1.45 VRHE (η=220 mV) which is the lowest observed relative to other copper‐based materials. The catalyst also maintains remarkable stability during long‐term water electrolysis experiments. Moreover, the catalyst shown to exhibit a high electroactive area with a Tafel slope of 52 mV dec1−, high TOF of 0.81 s1− and mass activity of 87 mA mg−1. Copper is an interesting material because it can also serve as CO2 reduction catalysts at the cathode side. The straightforwardly prepared, handy, and inexpensive Cu‐based electrocatalytic system is a flexible catalyst for electrooxidation of water and for chemical energy conversion and is an attractive alternative to Pt, Ir, and Ru based electrocatalysts obtained from expensive resources and tedious methods.
Enantioselective Copper(II)/Box‐Catalyzed Synthesis of Chiral β3‐Tryptophan Derivatives
Authors: Tarasenko Elena A. , Shestakov Ivan V. , Rybakov Victor B. , Beletskaya Irina P.
Published: June 2019

β‐Amino acids and their derivatives are important building blocks for the preparation of various bioactive compounds and materials. We developed a highly efficient method for the synthesis of β3‐tryptophan derivatives based on enantioselective Friedel‐Crafts alkylation of indoles with phthaloyl‐protected aminomethylenemalonate in the presence of chiral
complex as a catalyst. A wide range of indoles with electron‐donating and electron‐withdrawing substituents gave the desired products in high yields (up to 99 %) and excellent enantioselectivities (up to 99 % ee). In the case of pyrrole the Friedel‐Crafts product was obtained in up to 90 % yield and up to 82 % ee.
The Challenge and Opportunity of Competency‐Based Counselor Education
Authors: Akos Patrick , Wasik Suzan Z. , McDonald Angela , Soler Michelle , Lys Diana
Published: June 2019

There is increased responsibility for programs to demonstrate evidence of student learning and skill. Application of competency‐based education is delineated, including prior learning assessment and personalized learning. Implications such as awarding credit for experience in admissions or variable clinical training timelines and requirements are explored.
Emotional Intelligence and Leadership Attributes of School Counselor Trainees
Authors: Mullen Patrick R. , Limberg Dodie , Tuazon Victor , Romagnolo Shannon M.
Published: June 2019

The authors report results from a correlational study of 225 school counselor trainees' emotional intelligence and leadership qualities. Higher emotional intelligence correlated with higher leadership self‐efficacy and self‐leadership. The results indicate that emotional intelligence may be a relevant aspect of leadership training for school counselor graduate students.
Derivation of primitive neural stem cells from human‐induced pluripotent stem cells
Authors: Shin Woo Jung , Seo Ji‐Hye , Choi Hyun Woo , Hong Yean Ju , Lee Won Ji , Chae Jung Il , Kim Sung Joo , Lee Jeong Woong , Hong Kwonho , Song Hyuk , Park Chankyu , Do Jeong Tae
Published: June 2019

Human‐induced pluripotent stem cells (hiPSCs) have facilitated studies on organ development and differentiation into specific lineages in in vitro systems. Although numerous studies have focused on cellular differentiation into neural lineage using hPSCs, most studies have initially evaluated embryoid body (EB) formation, eventually yielding terminally differentiated neurons with limited proliferation potential. This study aimed to establish human primitive neural stem cells (pNSCs) from exogene‐free hiPSCs without EB formation. To derive pNSCs, we optimized N2B27 neural differentiation medium through supplementation of two inhibitors, CHIR99021 (GSK‐3 inhibitor) and PD0325901 (MEK inhibitor), and growth factors including basic fibroblast growth factor (bFGF) and human leukemia inhibitory factor (hLIF). Consequently, pNSCs were efficiently derived and cultured over a long term. pNSCs displayed differentiation potential into neurons, astrocytes, and oligodendrocytes. These early NSC types potentially promote the clinical application of hiPSCs to cure human neurological disorders.
First‐in‐Human Study of AG10, a Novel, Oral, Specific, Selective, and Potent Transthyretin Stabilizer for the Treatment of Transthyretin Amyloidosis: A Phase 1 Safety, Tolerability, Pharmacokinetic, and Pharmacodynamic Study in Healthy Adult Volunteers
Authors: Fox Jonathan C. , Hellawell Jennifer L. , Rao Satish , O'Reilly Terry , Lumpkin Rick , Jernelius Jesper , Gretler Daniel , Sinha Uma
Published: June 2019

AG10 is a novel, potent, and selective oral transthyretin (TTR) stabilizer being developed to treat TTR amyloidosis (ATTR). This randomized, double‐blind, placebo‐controlled study evaluated safety, tolerability, pharmacokinetics, and pharmacodynamics (ex vivo stabilization) of orally administered AG10 in healthy adult volunteers. Both mutant and wild‐type ATTR are underdiagnosed diseases with limited therapeutic options. As TTR amyloidogenesis is initiated by dissociation of TTR tetramers destabilized due to inherited mutations or aging, AG10 is designed to treat the disease at its source. Four single and three multiple ascending dose levels of AG10 or matching placebo were orally administered. Safety and tolerability were assessed by vital signs, electrocardiogram, adverse events, and clinical laboratory tests. Pharmacokinetics were measured using a validated bioanalytical assay. Pharmacodynamics were assessed via three pharmacodynamic assays of TTR stabilization. AG10 was uniformly well tolerated, and no safety signals of clinical concern were observed. Pharmacokinetic observations included time to maximum concentration <1 hour, dose‐dependent maximum concentration and area under the plasma concentration–time curve, low intersubject variability, and half‐life ∼25 hr. Complete (>90%) stabilization of TTR was observed across the entire dosing interval at steady state on the highest dose tested. Serum TTR levels, an in vivo reflection of TTR stabilization by AG10, increased from baseline following 12 days of dosing. AG10 appears to be safe and well tolerated in healthy adult volunteers and can completely stabilize TTR across the dosing interval, establishing clinical proof of concept. Based on these data, AG10 has the potential to be a safe and effective treatment for patients with either mutant or wild‐type ATTR.
Mesoionic 1,2,3‐Triazolo[1,5‐a]pyridine‐3‐ylidenes in Phosphorescent Platinum(II) Complexes
Authors: Soellner Johannes , Strassner Thomas
Published: June 2019

Mesoionic carbene ligands based on 1,2,3‐triazole platforms can be used in cyclometalated platinum(II) complexes to achieve an efficient phosphorescence even at room temperature. In this report, 1,2,3‐triazolo[1,5‐a]pyridine‐3‐ylidenes are employed in such molecules along with β‐diketonates with varying steric demand. For full structural characterization, NMR spectroscopy and XRD experiments were employed. The photophysical properties were studied in solid poly(methyl methacrylate) (PMMA) matrices, as well as dichloromethane solutions. In PMMA, the synthesized complexes show quantum yields of 47–54 % with emission bands in the yellow region of the visible spectrum. Cyclic voltammetry measurements along with DFT calculations helped to assign the nature of the observed emissions.
High‐Current‐Density HER Electrocatalysts: Graphene‐like Boron Layer and Tungsten as Key Ingredients in Metal Diborides
Authors: Park Hyounmyung , Zhang Yuemei , Lee Eunsoo , Shankhari Pritam , Fokwa Boniface P. T.
Published: June 2019

Transition‐metal borides belong to a small class of non‐noble‐metal electrocatalysts that exhibit excellent activity toward the hydrogen evolution reaction (HER) already in bulk form; those containing graphene‐like (flat) boron layers, such as α‐MoB2, are particularly promising. In this study, the first tungsten‐based boride HER electrocatalysts were studied experimentally and theoretically. Tungsten, the diborides of which (α‐ and β‐WB2) contain both the active graphene‐like (flat) boron layer and the less active phosphorene‐like (puckered) boron layer, could be successfully substituted (up to 30 at %) for molybdenum in α‐MoB2. The resulting α‐Mo1−xWxB2 exhibited better HER activity and stability than the binaries WB2 and MoB2, especially at high current density in acidic electrolytes. DFT calculations showed that the graphene‐like boron layer is the most active among the studied surfaces and that tungsten promotes hydrogen generation by facilitating bonding between hydrogen atoms in contrast to molybdenum. These results should pave the way for high‐current‐density, abundant, and inexpensive bulk and nanoscale HER catalysts by applying structure–activity relationships.
A difference in timing for the onset of visual and chemosensory systems during embryonic development in two closely related cuttlefish species
Authors: Mezrai Nawel , Chiao Chuan‐Chin , Dickel Ludovic , Darmaillacq Anne‐Sophie
Published: June 2019

Embryos perceive environmental stimuli, thanks to their almost mature sensory systems. In cuttlefish, the embryonic development of Sepia officinalis and Sepia pharaonis is similar but the egg capsule transparency is different. S. officinalis' eggs are black (ink), which provide protection from predators. Conversely, those of S. pharaonis are translucent. The aim of this study was to test the visual and chemosensory perception abilities of these two cuttlefish embryos by observation of the ventilation rate (VR) before and after stimulation. Our results show that S. pharaonis responds to light at stage 22 and S. officinalis at stage 24. Conversely, S. pharaonis responds to predator odor at stage 23 and S. officinalis at stage 22. Both species are able to respond to these stimuli before hatching but do not have the same developmental schedule. Neither are the responses of the two cuttlefish exactly the same. In S. officinalis, VR increases after stimulations. In S. pharaonis, VR increases after light stimulation and decreases following the odor stimulation after stage 25. This result could reveal an ability to recognize stimuli at stage 25. The decrease could be identified as freezing‐like behavior which would be more adaptive than an increase, since the embryos are visible.
Maternal postpartum stress and toddler developmental delays: Results from a multisite study of racially diverse families
Authors: Schmeer Kammi K. , Guardino Christine , Irwin Jessica L. , Ramey Sharon , Shalowitz Madeleine , Dunkel Schetter Christine
Published: June 2019

Maternal psychosocial stress during pregnancy can adversely influence child development, but few studies have investigated psychosocial stress during the postpartum period and its association with risk of toddler developmental delays. Moreover, given the expanding diversity of the U.S. population, and well‐documented health and stress disparities for racial and ethnic minorities, research examining the effect of postpartum stress on risk of developmental delays in diverse populations is of critical importance. In this study, data from the Community Child Health Network provided the opportunity to test maternal postpartum stress as a predictor of toddler risk of developmental delay in a sample of African American, Latina and non‐Hispanic White women and their toddlers (N = 1537) recruited in urban, suburban, and rural communities. Postpartum maternal stress over 1 year was operationalized as perceived stress, life events, and negative impact of life events. Regression results revealed higher risk of developmental delays in toddlers whose mothers experienced more negative life events, greater negative impact of events, and higher perceived stress over the year. Prenatal stress, pregnancy/birth complications, and postpartum depression did not explain these associations. Maternal postpartum stress may contribute to increased risk for developmental delays and is an important target for psychosocial intervention.
Secondhand horror: effects of direct and indirect predator cues on behavior and reproduction of the bank vole
Authors: Sievert Thorbjörn , Haapakoski Marko , Palme Rupert , Voipio Helinä , Ylönen Hannu
Published: June 2019

Risk recognition by prey is of paramount importance within the evolutionary arms race between predator and prey. Prey species are able to detect direct predator cues like odors and adjust their behavior appropriately. The question arises whether an indirect predation cue, such as the odor of scared individuals, can be detected by conspecifics and subsequently affects recipient behavior. Parents may also transfer their experience with predators to their offspring. In two experiments, we assessed how direct and indirect predation cues affect bank vole (Myodes glareolus) foraging behavior, reproduction, and pup fitness. Weasel (Mustela nivalis) odor served as the direct cue, whereas the odor of weasel‐scared conspecifics, alarm pheromones, was used as an indirect cue and both of those were compared to a control odor, clean wood shavings. Alarm pheromones attracted female voles, measured as time in proximity to the treatment and foraging. Both predator odor and alarm pheromones enhanced reproduction compared to the control odor. Females treated with alarm pheromone had significantly higher pregnancy rates, and pups from predator‐treated mothers were significantly heavier at birth. Our study provides two novel ideas. First, the impact of a predator can be socially transmitted. Second, predation risk likely triggers terminal investment in reproduction.
Speculative engineering technology and future insight
Authors: Kawahara Yoshihiro
Published: June 2019

Speculative design is one of the design methods that “make people think about the future (thinking = speculate)” to make it a better world. In this paper, I introduce the “possible” future enabled by the evolution of technologies such as materials, devices, software, soft robots, wireless power supply, and digital fabrication, which are under development at the JST ERATO Kawahara Universal Information Network Project.
Rapid detection of trace Cu2+ using an l‐cysteine based interdigitated electrode sensor integrated with AC electrokinetic enrichment
Authors: Qi Haochen , Zhao Meiqi , Liang Huaguo , Wu Jayne , Huang Zhengfeng , Hu Anming , Wang Jian , Lu Yingchun , Zhang Jian
Published: June 2019

Copper is an indispensable trace element for human health. Too much or too little intake of copper ion (Cu2+) can lead to its own adverse health conditions. Therefore, detection of Cu2+ is always of vital importance. In this work, a simple sensor was developed for rapid detection of trace Cu2+ in water, in which L‐cysteine (Cys) as a molecular probe was self‐assembled on a gold interdigital electrode to form a monolayer for specific capture of Cu2+. The interfacial capacitance of interdigital electrode was detected to indicate the target adsorption level under an AC signal working as the excitation to induce directed movement and enrichment of Cu2+ to the electrode surface. This sensor reached a limit of detection of 4.14 fM and a satisfactory selectivity against eight other ions (Zn2+, Hg2+, Pb2+, Cd2+, Mg2+, Fe2+, As3+, and As5+). Testing of spiked tap water was also performed, demonstrating the sensor's usability. This sensor as well as the detection method shows a great application potential in fields such as environmental monitoring and medical diagnosis.
Therapeutic alliance in inpatients with severe anorexia nervosa
Authors: Marzola Enrica , Albini Erica , Delsedime Nadia , Fassino Secondo , Abbate‐Daga Giovanni
Published: June 2019

Objective

Therapeutic alliance (TA) is a relevant aspect in anorexia nervosa (AN), but data on inpatients are lacking. We aimed to evaluate the influence of motivation to change, diagnostic subtypes, and duration of illness on TA at hospital discharge; we also investigated if baseline clinical characteristics were associated with discharge TA, and the TA‐outcome association.

Method

We enrolled 137 adult inpatients with AN completing Eating Disorder Examination‐Questionnaire, Beck Depression Inventory, State–Trait Anxiety Inventory, Anorexia Nervosa Stages of Change‐Questionnaire, EuroQoL‐Quality of Life Scale‐Visual Analogue Scale, and Working Alliance Inventory‐Short Revised.

Results

Patients with different AN subtypes and duration of illness reported similar TA. Baseline depression, state anxiety, and motivation to change were statistically significantly associated with TA at discharge. After controlling for all these variables and duration of illness, only motivation to change remained statistically significant. Statistically significant correlations were also found between improvements in body mass index and quality of life and discharge TA.

Conclusions

Few data exist on TA in inpatients with AN and a long duration of illness. Our findings suggest that baseline motivation to change correlates with TA at discharge independently of other variables. Future studies should ascertain as to whether a causal link exists or not.