bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Vertical Population Gradients in NGC 891. I. ∇Pak Instrumentation and Spectral Data
Authors: Eigenbrot Arthur , Bershady Matthew A.
Published: January 2018

We have measured vertical and radial stellar population gradients in NGC 891. We compare these gradients to those known for the Milky Way from studies of resolved stars. Optical spectroscopic measurements extend spatially from the disk midplane up to

in height and out to a radius of

on both sides of the galaxy. Data were acquired with ∇Pak, a variable-pitch fiber integral field unit (IFU) on the WIYN telescope. We describe the laboratory and on-sky performance of ∇Pak, as well as modifications to the standard observational and analysis procedures necessary to calibrate data taken with this unique IFU. ∇Pak has a mean throughput of 80% at

. To achieve an estimated precision of 10% in light-weighted mean age and metallicity, we define a set of spatial apertures in radius and height in which spectra are binned to achieve a signal-to-noise ratio of ∼20 Å−1. We use spectral indices to measure age, metallicity, and abundance, indicating that NGC 891's stellar populations have

and

dex α-enhancement on average. We find a clear transition from young (

) to old (

) stellar populations at

, roughly the scale height of the thin disk. We also find a slight trend toward younger populations at larger radii, consistent with flaring in an inside-out disk formation scenario. The vertical age gradient in NGC 891 is in remarkable qualitative agreement with a model for disk heating tuned to studies of the Milk Way’s solar cylinder.
Investigating the Early Evolution of Planetary Systems with ALMA and the Next Generation Very Large Array
Authors: Ricci Luca , Liu 刘 Shang-Fei 尚飞 , Isella Andrea , Li 李 Hui 晖
Published: January 2018

We investigate the potential of the Atacama Large Millimeter/submillimeter Array (ALMA) and the Next Generation Very Large Array (ngVLA) to observe substructures in nearby young disks which are due to the gravitational interaction between disk material and planets close to the central star. We simulate the gas and dust dynamics in the disk using the LA-COMPASS hydrodynamical code. We generate synthetic images for the dust continuum emission at submillimeter to centimeter wavelengths and simulate ALMA and ngVLA observations. We explore the parameter space of some of the main disk and planet properties that would produce substructures that can be visible with ALMA and the ngVLA. We find that ngVLA observations with an angular resolution of 5 milliarcsec at 3 mm can reveal and characterize gaps and azimuthal asymmetries in disks hosting planets with masses down to

from a solar-like star in the closest star-forming regions, whereas ALMA can detect gaps down to planetary masses of

at 5 au. Gaps opened by super-Earth planets with masses

are detectable by the ngVLA in the case of disks with low viscosity (

) and low pressure scale height (h ≈ 0.025 au at 5 au). The ngVLA can measure the proper motion of azimuthal asymmetric structures associated with the disk–planet interaction as well as possible circumplanetary disks on timescales as short as one to a few weeks for planets at 1–5 au from the star.
No Time for Dead Time: Use the Fourier Amplitude Differences to Normalize Dead-time-affected Periodograms
Authors: Bachetti Matteo , Huppenkothen Daniela
Published: January 2018

Dead time affects many of the instruments used in X-ray astronomy, by producing a strong distortion in power density spectra. This can make it difficult to model the aperiodic variability of the source or look for quasi-periodic oscillations. Whereas in some instruments a simple a priori correction for dead-time-affected power spectra is possible, this is not the case for others such as NuSTAR, where the dead time is non-constant and long (∼2.5 ms). Bachetti et al. (2015) suggested the cospectrum obtained from light curves of independent detectors within the same instrument as a possible way out, but this solution has always only been a partial one: the measured rms was still affected by dead time because the width of the power distribution of the cospectrum was modulated by dead time in a frequency-dependent way. In this Letter, we suggest a new, powerful method to normalize dead-time-affected cospectra and power density spectra. Our approach uses the difference of the Fourier amplitudes from two independent detectors to characterize and filter out the effect of dead time. This method is crucially important for the accurate modeling of periodograms derived from instruments affected by dead time on board current missions like NuSTAR and Astrosat, but also future missions such as IXPE.
Le prétorianisme russe : l’exercice du pouvoir selon Vladimir Poutine
Authors: Raviot Jean-Robert
Published: January 2018

Cet article vise à restituer la dynamique du poutinisme dans son évolution historique depuis 2000. Le chef du Kremlin a fixé, dès le début de la décennie 2000, un objectif : replacer la Russie au centre du jeu mondial, reconstruire un État qui soit également une puissance prospère qui compte dans le monde globalisé. La centralisation du pouvoir autour de la personne de Vladimir Poutine participe d’un mode d’exercice du pouvoir qualifié ici de prétorien. La notion de prétorianisme est le fil conducteur qui permet de comprendre l’action politique menée au sommet de l’État russe, en politique intérieure comme extérieure, et d’entrevoir, à la veille de l’élection présidentielle de 2018, les évolutions possibles de l’exercice du pouvoir en Russie.
L’idéologie comme instrument du soft power russe. Succès, échecs et incertitudes
Authors: Laruelle Marlène
Published: January 2018

À reculons, le régime poutinien a progressivement été obligé de mettre en place certains éléments d’une idéologie officielle à destination de son opinion publique. Depuis près d’une décennie et plus nettement encore depuis 2012, l’idéologie promue par le Kremlin, celle des « valeurs conservatrices » et de la défense de l’Europe authentique, est venue renforcer l’image de marque du pays à l’étranger et en particulier en Europe, profitant d’un changement d’atmosphère au sein des opinions publiques occidentales. Le thème de la contre-révolution culturelle et morale, mais également celui de la contre-révolution internationale contre un ordre mondial vu comme unipolaire et dominé par les États-Unis, peut faire encore longtemps consensus auprès de la majorité de la population, qui plus est si la crise économique s’accentue. Le succès du soft power idéologique russe est toutefois un phénomène bien plus complexe que ne le laisse supposer l’hystérie occidentale actuelle qui voit la « main de la Russie » dans toutes les remises en cause de l’ordre libéral.
L’approche centrée sur le développement du pouvoir d’agir individuel et collectif dans le management d’équipes
Authors: Étienne Catherine
Published: January 2018

Face aux multiples contraintes auxquelles les cadres de l’action sociale et médico-sociale se disent confrontés, nous proposons d’examiner en quoi l’approche centrée sur le développement du pouvoir d’agir individuel pourrait les aider à se positionner de manière à la fois plus sereine et plus affirmée dans leurs contextes de travail. En effet, cette approche les invite à rechercher la participation active de leurs collaborateurs à des réflexions approfondies sur les critères d’un accompagnement de qualité impliquant pleinement les usagers des services ; à repérer les différents enjeux qui se confrontent au sein des institutions, y compris les leurs, par rapport à un problème concret ; à identifier de manière très pragmatique des marges de manœuvre et de créativité et à négocier avec les acteurs concernés. Ces cadres pourraient ainsi susciter une évolution des fonctionnements institutionnels.
Former à la participation et au développement du pouvoir d’agir des personnes et des collectifs : une posture du formateur à contre-courant ?
Authors: Jouffray Claire
Published: January 2018

Notre propos est d’interroger la posture du formateur qui souhaite former des professionnels à la participation et à l’approche centrée sur le dpa-pc, et d’ouvrir des pistes quant à l’intérêt d’adopter une posture quelque peu différente de celles qui sont le plus couramment en usage. Pour ce faire, après des clarifications sémantiques, nous précisons ce qu’apporte dans ce domaine l’apprentissage expérientiel, puis nous questionnons la notion de prise dans la relation d’accompagnement, qu’elle concerne les accompagnements des publics ou ceux des professionnels en formation. Nous concluons sur une hypothèse quant à une évolution des postures des formateurs en travail social.
Main Differences Tax under IFRS Framework in Colombia
Authors: Álvarez Osorio Martha Cecilia , Muñoz Osorio Lina María , Tabares Higuita Diana Sirley , Hernández Montoya Nora Elvira
Published: January 2018

With the implementation of the International Financial Reporting Standards (IFRS), the product of the convergence process towards international standards in Colombia, differences between the accounting and financial information and the tax base or fiscal information, as it is known, must be presented. The consequences of said differences will be reflected in the deferred tax and in a new approach to the presentation of financial and accounting information for decision-making within companies in the country, which reasonably reflects the economic situation to the Federal Government. Through this bibliographic-type research, it can be concluded that, during the period of transition in the process of implementing the IFRS in Colombia, several systems of information must be managed at the same time, one under the Generally Accepted Accounting Principles in Colombia (COLGAAP, according to its initials in Spanish), another under the IFRS, and a final system according to the legal parameters of the Tax Statute. Once the implementation of the IFRS begins, at least the latter two will be required to be kept, which will result in an increase in the differences between them. It will thus be necessary to explain the evolution of the business and the changes in figures, as well as their effects on the applicable measurements and policies.
In Spain, is the expenditure on R&D a determining factor in its external competitiveness?
Authors: Pampillón Olmedo Rafael , Pampillón Albert Rafael
Published: January 2018

This article has as its fundamental objective the study of the growth in Spanish exports —a fruit of better competitiveness— despite the low investment in Research and Development (R&D) in Spain.

Between 2010 and 2016 in Spain, the investment in R&D with respect to the GDP maintains a negative tendency, farther away from the average investment in R&D of the EU-28 that, in that same period, grows year over year.

However, this work reflects that Spain is an exception. One can affirm that Spanish competitiveness doesn’t adjust to its investments in R&D. It’s demonstrated that in recent years, the most developed countries have achieved a high level of competition thanks to technological development due to a bigger and better investment in innovation. Despite of its low investment in R&D, the exports of Spanish companies have been increasing progressively from 2010 to 2016, which has increased its percentage of all global exports

The causes of this imbalance between low investment in R&D and more competitiveness are, principally: the reduction of production cost, the fall of sales of Spanish companies in the national market and the development of factors such as infrastructure, health, education, and technological maturity that improve productivity and stimulate exports

This study concludes with a series of propositions to maintain this pattern of economic growth in Spain, by way of its competitiveness, and highlights the necessity of policies, that have promoted an increase in its exports and to incentivize a larger investment in innovation, following the example of other developed countries.
Letter from the Managing Editor
Authors: Altarriba Josep Maria
Published: January 2018

This new issue of Harvard Deusto Business Research presents studies and research on the mismatch between the low level of investment in R&D and the growth of Spanish exports, the implementation of International Financial Reporting Standards in Colombia, the levels of internationalization of Spanish multinational companies and privacy by design.
Levels of Internationalization of Multinational Spanish Firms: The Role of the Amount of Committed Equity and the Managerial Attitudes toward Foreignness
Authors: Tanganelli David
Published: January 2018

In this study, we investigate how the level of equity invested in foreign ventures and the orientation of the senior management team towards foreign cultures and international markets influence the degree of internationality of multinational Spanish firms. We postulate and empirically illustrate that a geocentric approach (based on a global mindset that remains perceptive to local differences) is associated with a higher level of internationalization. Conversely, modes of entry that imply a greater commitment relative to the equity investment made in the host country, such as the creation of wholly owned subsidiaries, are not necessarily related to the highest degree of internationality. In the current international scenario, the flexibility offered by the establishment of international alliances that imply a lower commitment of equity investment in the foreign country allows for the optimization of the investment made and a significant increase in the level of internationality.
Identifying the Underlying Educational Needs That Contribute to the Professional Practice Gap
Authors: Moyer Aislynn , Graebe Jennifer
Published: January 2018

This article addresses how nursing professional development practitioners and nurse planners can meet the educational design process criterion 2 in the American Nurses Credentialing Center Primary Accreditation process that also corresponds with the Association for Nursing Professional Development's
Scope and Standards of Practice
.

J Contin Educ Nurs.
2018;49(2):52–54.
Empowering Nurses to Lead Interprofessional Collaborative Practice Environments Through a Nurse Leadership Institute
Authors: Embree Jennifer L. , Wagnes Lisa , Hendricks Susan , LaMothe Julie , Halstead Judith , Wright Lauren
Published: January 2018

A year-long Nurse Leadership Institute (NLI) for emerging leaders in primary care clinics and acute care environments was developed, implemented, and evaluated. The NLI's goal was to foster empowerment in interprofessional collaborative practice environments for nurses in the three cohorts of NLIs. The NLI was framed around the Five Leadership Practices of modeling the way, inspiring a shared vision, challenging the process, enabling others to act, and encouraging the heart. To create a professional learning environment, foster community, and enhance leadership skills, the Lean In Circle materials developed by Sandberg were adapted for content reorganization and discussion. Minimal literature exists specifically addressing nursing leadership professionals' development based on Sandberg's Circle materials. The findings of the three NLI cohorts reported in this article begin to fill this existing knowledge gap. Participants reported a significant increase in leadership skills. Recommendations for refinement of future NLI offerings are provided.

J Contin Educ Nurs.
2018;49(2):61–71.
Integrative Review of Interprofessional Simulation in Nursing Practice
Authors: O'Rourke Jennifer , Horsley Trisha Leann , Doolen Jessica , Mariani Bette , Pariseault Christine
Published: January 2018

Aim:

The aim of this integrative review was to examine what is known about interprofessional (IP) simulation involving practicing nurses.

Background:

The use of simulation within health care education and practice has rapidly expanded; however, there is a gap in what is known about the benefits of nurses engaging in IP simulation.

Method:

Five reviewers conducted a systematic literature search on studies of IP simulation among practicing nurses, published between January 1, 2010, and July 1, 2016. An initial sample of 1,400 articles was found and was further narrowed to 18 studies.

Results:

There is a role for IP simulation in enhancing nurses' roles and understanding of the roles of other practitioners. However, the diversity of studies and lack of rigor prevents the formation of conclusive evidence to support IP simulation in enhancing patient care quality and safety.

Conclusion:

Structured simulation research designs using published guidelines for best practice implementation are needed.

J Contin Educ Nurs.
2018;49(2):91–96.
CULTURA ORGANIZACIONAL E FORMAÇÃO IDENTITÁRIA: um estudo com gerentes do setor bancário
Authors: Tomé Alexandre Scherrer , Vieira Almir Martins
Published: January 2018

Este estudo tem por objetivo identificar a manifestação dos elementos da cultura organizacional e a contribuição dos mesmos para o processo da formação da identidade do indivíduo - no caso específico, o gerente bancário. Para a elaboração deste trabalho, optou-se pela abordagem da pesquisa qualitativa, tendo como instrumento para coleta de dados a entrevista baseada em roteiro semiestruturado. Com base neste esforço empírico, constatou-se a necessidade de o gerente adotar uma identidade comercial, e identificar que após se tornarem gerentes, a discrição, responsabilidade e a disciplina foram uns dos aspectos que tiveram maior impacto em suas vidas. Outro resultado configurou-se na possibilidade da caracterização dos elementos formadores da identidade profissional, a partir dos elementos da cultura organizacional, quanto à sua influência no exercício das atividades de gerência, como no caso as normas, regras, valores, ritos, rituais e cerimônias. Por fim, a comprovação da importância da cultura organizacional sobre a formação da identidade na atuação do gerente.
A COMUNICAÇÃO ESTRATÉGICA COMO UM ARTEFATO EM POLÍTICAS PÚBLICAS DE SAÚDE: um estudo de caso sobre o agravamento epidemiológico da dengue
Authors: Marioti Bruno Rafael , Cassandre Marcio Pascoal
Published: January 2018

Neste trabalho assume-se que a comunicação possui um forte caráter participativo, estabelecida com o desenvolvimento comunitário, ao passo que é compreendida como um sistema de informação que atua junto às ações que visam apoiar a implementação de políticas públicas, estando desta forma, imbricada na gestão pública. Assim, utilizando da teoria da atividade, a pesquisa faz uma análise a partir de um estudo de caso, considerando a comunicação sob um caráter estratégico, de modo a compreender seu uso em políticas públicas perante um agravamento epidemiológico ocorrido em um município do Paraná, e que acometeu a própria administração pública municipal. A pesquisa visa contribuir com discussões que evidenciem a importância da comunicação para com a gestão pública no que tange a saúde, uma vez que o contexto atual demonstra constantes situações de emergência epidemiológicas que afetam a sociedade, fazendo-se necessárias a ampliação do escopo que utiliza a comunicação como uma ferramenta estratégica bem como o desenvolvimento da capacidade gerencial e operacional nessa área.
ESTRATÉGIA E SUSTENTABILIDADE: caracterização dos estudos realizados de 2006 a 2015
Authors: Garlet Valéria , Bento Marcia Helena dos Santos , Madruga Lúcia Rejane da Rosa Gama , De Oliveira Marta Olivia Rovedder , Bichueti Roberto Schoproni
Published: January 2018

Este estudo busca identificar a presença, bem como a caracterização dos estudos que relacionam estratégia e sustentabilidade na base Web Of Science. A estratégia permite à empresa um posicionamento no contexto em que está inserida. Utilizar a sustentabilidade enquanto estratégia pode proporcionar à empresa vantagens competitivas que não existem em empresas não-sustentáveis. Este trabalho constitui-se por uma pesquisa bibliométrica, exploratória e descritiva com abordagem quantitativa e qualitativa que localizou os estudos de estratégia e sustentabilidade na base de dados WOS. Por meio dos títulos dos estudos compreendidos entre os anos 2006 e 2015, foram encontradas 27.531 publicações com os requisitos da busca, e evidenciadas as características gerais das publicações a partir dos dados referentes às áreas temáticas, o ano das publicações, os países com maior número de publicações, os idiomas mais publicados e hot topics.
A INFLUÊNCIA DE TATUAGENS NO PROCESSO SELETIVO: um estudo em bancos privados na cidade de Maringá
Authors: Silva Fábio Batisteti , Augusto Cleiciele Albuquerque
Published: January 2018

Apesar de tatuagens estarem presentes nos corpos dos humanos desde tempos remotos, tornando-se uma tendência visual cada vez mais costumeira. Essa prática ainda se depara com relutância quanto a sua aceitação em algumas organizações. Com este estudo, buscou-se compreender a influência de tatuagens visíveis no processo seletivo de candidatos recrutados para cargos em bancos privados da cidade de Maringá-PR. Para tanto, foram escolhidas duas agências de caráter privado na cidade para servir de objetos de estudo. Nessas, foram realizadas entrevistas com os responsáveis pela contratação, com a finalidade de se obter informações mais precisas acerca da influência de tatuagens visíveis no processo seletivo. Também foram aplicados questionários aos funcionários, visando colher informações e opiniões sobre tatuagens visíveis no ambiente bancário. Os resultados da pesquisa mostraram que as tatuagens são aceitas em sua maioria pelos funcionários das agências bancárias, mas que eles temem por reações negativas que elas possam criar nos clientes. Conclui-se que as tatuagens visíveis não apresentam influências diretas na contratação de novos funcionários, mas exercem influência indireta ao preocupar os gerentes quanto à possível reação dos clientes perante funcionários tatuados.
A RELAÇÃO MATRIZ-SUBSIDIÁRIAS E A TEORIA DAS MULTINACIONAIS: um estudo bibliométrico
Authors: Valentim Paula Porto , Maia Vinicius Mothé , Paula Fábio De Oliveira
Published: January 2018

O objetivo deste artigo foi analisar os trabalhos mais relevantes para o estudo da teoria da multinacional com foco na interação entre matriz e subsidiárias e identificar os temas mais relevantes que formam o arcabouço teórico dessa área. A pesquisa foi realizada aplicando-se técnicas bibliométricas de análise de citações e co-citações em artigos da base de dados ISI Web of Science, identificados a partir de palavras-chave que representam os conceitos de relação matriz-subsidiárias. O trabalho revela os 50 trabalhos mais influentes para a área de conhecimento pesquisada e agrega estes trabalhos em quatro quadrantes a partir do mapa perceptual desenhado. Este trabalho contribui para os estudos de negócios internacionais no sentido de esclarecer o desenvolvimento da teoria de multinacionais com atenção especial à relação matriz-subsidiárias no que diz respeito as conexões entre conceitos, temas e autores.
COMUNIDADES DE APRENDIZAGEM NOS PROCESSOS DE INTERNACIONALIZAÇÃO E DIVERSIFICAÇÃO DE ORGANIZAÇÕES EM ARRANJOS PRODUTIVOS LOCAIS
Authors: Da Costa Rodrigo Souza , Bulgacov Sergio , Fuganti Carla
Published: January 2018

A relevância da união das categorias analíticas Comunidades de Aprendizagem, Estratégias de Internacionalização e Diversificação e Resultados Organizacionais começa a acontecer no âmbito organizacional, principalmente em estudos que identificam que as comunidades de prática podem gerar uma maior aprendizagem entre seus membros transformando o conhecimento tácito delas individualmente em conhecimento explícito para todas as empresas do APL (Arranjo Produtivo Local). Nesse sentido, este trabalho teve por objetivo identificar a influência das comunidades de aprendizagem, moderada pelas estratégias tanto de internacionalização quanto de diversificação nos resultados organizacionais de dois APLs Paranaenses. Para isso, foi desenvolvida uma pesquisa qualitativa, onde foram feitas entrevistas com roteiros semiestruturados com empresários e o responsável pela coordenação dos dois APLs. Os resultados demonstram que existem alguns dificultadores para que esse processo ocorra de maneira mais efetiva, mas também há outros fatores que são facilitadores do processo. Observa-se que existem alguns dificultadores para que esse processo ocorra de maneira mais efetiva, como, por exemplo, o limitador geográfico entre as cidades do Sudoeste do Paraná que estão espalhadas por uma área muito extensa, dificultando a comunicação entre as empresas de cidades distintas. Em contrapartida, a formalização e institucionalização do APL e de sua estrutura de governança atuam como facilitadores desse processo através dos canais de comunicações e também atuando como agente de disseminação desse conhecimento através dos canais de comunicação que foram desenvolvidos. Dessa forma, conclui-se que os pressupostos das comunidades de aprendizagem exercem uma influência significante nos resultados organizacionais.
Cyanobacterial blooms in freshwaters bodies in a semiarid region, northeastern Brazil: A review
Authors: Moura Ariadne do Nascimento , Aragão-Tavares Nisia K. C. , Amorim Cihelio A.
Published: January 2018

Harmful cyanobacterial blooms have caused several problems in freshwater environments due to their prolific growth and the harmful cyanotoxins produced by some species. The occurrence of these organisms has increased in recent decades due to climate change and eutrophication, although most studies are from temperate regions in the Northern hemisphere. This review presents data about cyanobacteria occurrence, dominance, and toxicity events in freshwater bodies in a semiarid region of Northeast Brazil, in the tropical Southern hemisphere. We performed a literature survey of cyanobacteria publications from 1930 to 2016. We made a list of all the dominant species registered in each state, noted their distribution and occurrence of dominance events involving one or more species, and the registered records of toxic blooms, including information about the toxins involved and the range of values. We selected 102 publications that described cyanobacteria occurrence from states in Northeast Brazil; these publications included relevant contributions regarding cyanobacteria distribution, richness, density, and biomass. Forty-nine dominant species were recorded, with the most representation found in the state of Pernambuco (30 spp.). The genera with the highest occurrences were Microcystis, Cylindrospermopsis, Planktothrix, Dolichospermum (=Anabaena), and Geitlerinema, especially the species Cylindrospermopsis raciborskii, Microcystis aeruginosa, and Planktothrix agardhii. Episodes of toxic blooms were observed in four states. Microcystins, cylindrospermopsin, saxitoxins, and anatoxin-a(S) were found to be associated with these blooms. In Northeast Brazil, harmful cyanobacterial blooms are common in urban and public reservoirs. However, in recent years, cyanobacterial blooms in this region have been more intense and perennial, with high biomass occurring throughout the year.
Management of severe acute malnutrition in children under 5 years through the lens of health care workers in two rural South African hospitals
Authors: Muzigaba Moise , Van Wyk Brian , Puoane Thandi
Published: January 2018

Background: Despite the widespread implementation of the World Health Organization (WHO) guidelines for the management of severe malnutrition in South Africa, poor treatment outcomes for children under 5 years are still observed in some hospitals, particularly in rural areas.Objective: To explore health care workers’ perceptions about upstream and proximal factors contributing to poor treatment outcomes for severe acute malnutrition in two district hospitals in South Africa.Methods: An explorative descriptive qualitative study was conducted. Four focus group discussions were held with 33 hospital staff (senior clinical and management staff, and junior clinical staff) using interview guide questions developed based on the findings from an epidemiological study that was conducted in the same hospitals. Qualitative data were analysed using the framework analysis.Findings: Most respondents believed that critical illness, which was related to early and high case fatality rates on admission, was linked to a web of factors including preference for traditional medicine over conventional care, gross negligence of the child at household level, misdiagnosis of severe malnutrition at the first point of care, lack of specialised skills to deal with complex presentations, shortage of patient beds in the hospital and policies to discharge patients before optimal recovery. The majority believed that the WHO guidelines were effective and relatively simple to implement, but that they do not make much difference among severe acute malnutrition cases that are admitted in a critical condition. Poor management of cases was linked to the lack of continuity in training of rotating clinicians, sporadic shortages of therapeutic resources, inadequate staffing levels after normal working hours and some organisational and system-wide challenges beyond the immediate control of clinicians.Conclusion: Findings from this study suggest that effective management of paediatric severe acute malnutrition in the study setting is affected by a multiplicity of factors that manifest at different levels of the health system and the community. A verificatory study is encouraged to collaborate these findings.
Relating Word-of-Mouth to Corporate Reputation
Authors: Williams Martin , Buttle Francis , Biggemann Sergio
Published: January 2018

This paper explores the relationship between customer-generated word-of-mouth and corporate reputation. After a concise literature review, we present several insights from a multiple case study of 3 organizations. Our main finding is that customer dissatisfaction and negative word-of-mouth (NWOM) are thought to have strong downside consequences for corporate reputation. Positive WOM does not appear to have equivalent upside significance for corporate reputation. NWOM often occurs as customers express dissatisfaction because of substandard customer service. However, it is when these issues or other negatively connoted stories find their way into the public domain that reputation suffers. Fear of reputational damage causes great anxiety to the organisations' senior management. Reputations are shown to be fragile. Damage limitation strategies are implemented in all three organisations.
"Three Attitudes to 140 Characters The Use and Views of Twitter in Political Party Communications in Sweden"
Authors: Grusell Marie , Nord Lars
Published: January 2018

Abstract

Digital media in general, and social media in particular, are a distinctive feature of contemporary election campaign strategies. This article adds to the on going discussion of the political power of social media by exploring political party strategies behind the usage of social media. In this study we specifically focus on Twitter (a micro blog) during the latest National Election Campaign in Sweden in 2010. The study exams the degree and character of Twitter usage among parties and prominent party members, and relates content to the declared communication strategies regarding the role of Twitter in the campaign. Methodologically, the paper is based on a quantitative content analysis of all party tweets and on personal interviews with all party campaign managers. The results show

campaign purposes. However, the content analysis confirms only a modest party use of Twitter messages and Twitter patterns where messages are most often related to current news media activities and are of a one-way character, with more focus on information dissemination than on interactive dialogue with voters.
Brothels and Disorderly Acts (2007) Vol 1 Art 2
Authors: Crofts Penny
Published: January 2018

Although brothels have been able to operate as legal businesses for more than a decade, they continue to be treated more restrictively than businesses with similar amenity impacts. This paper explores the idea that this restrictive treatment can be explained by the continued perception of brothels as disorderly, as 'matter out of place'. This is due in part to the historical association of brothels with disorder in terms of cleanliness, morality and the law. These historical associations have been maintained and reflected in the current regulation of the sex industry, generating fears of pollution and contamination on the strength of its disorderliness.
Settling with Indigenous People: Modern Treaty and Agreement-Making
Authors: Anthony Thalia
Published: January 2018

Negotiating Indigenous land rights has become known as the new third way. It is the alternative to native title claims and claims under land rights legislation. Negotiation of land and other customary rights is a source of empowerment in a contemporary political climate that is otherwise paternalistic. It allows Indigenous people to be involved in setting the terms of land claims in terms of compensation, land access, native title rights, conservation and even governance rights. Already, over 3000 voluntary negotiations have led to settled outcomes with governments, mining companies and other stakeholders
Aesthetics, Authority and the Outlaw of the Street
Authors: Bird Susan
Published: January 2018

This is a paper about the meanings of aesthetics, authority, street art, and graffiti. It is about the potential that graffiti has to disrupt the codes that emanate from the post-industrial, capitalist city, and the ways in which law making authorities have attempted to curb that potential. The regulation of public space involves control over the visual appearance of that space. The Graffiti Prevention Act (Vic) 2007 is one instrument employed in regulating the aesthetics of space. The legislation defines street art as illegal and imposes harsh penalties for the creators of this form of public art. As Margaret Davies writes in Asking the Law Question, the illegality of an act cannot be seen at face value – it is only after we see the act through the filter of the law that it is seen as criminal. I use this as a starting point in asking why graffiti is a criminal act.
OMI total bromine monoxide (OMBRO) data product: Algorithm, retrieval and measurement comparisons
Authors: Suleiman Raid M. , Chance Kelly , Liu Xiong , González Abad Gonzalo , Kurosu Thomas P. , Hendrick Francois , Theys Nicolas
Published: January 2018

Abstract. This paper presents the retrieval algorithm for the operational Ozone Monitoring Instrument (OMI) total bromine monoxide (BrO) data product (OMBRO) developed at the Smithsonian Astrophysical Observatory (SAO), and shows some validation with correlative measurements and retrieval results. The algorithm is based on direct nonlinear least squares fitting of radiances from the spectral range 319.0–347.5 nm. Radiances are modeled from the solar irradiance, attenuated by contributions from BrO and interfering gases, and including rotational Raman scattering, additive and multiplicative closure polynomials, correction for Nyquist undersampling, and the average fitting residual spectrum. The retrieval uses albedo- and wavelength-dependent air mass factors (AMFs), which have been pre-computed using a single mostly stratospheric BrO profile. The BrO cross sections are multiplied by the wavelength- dependent AMFs before fitting so that the vertical column densities (VCDs) are retrieved directly. The fitting uncertainties of BrO VCDs typically vary between 4 and 7 × 1012 molecules cm−2 (~ 10–20 % of the measured BrO VCDs). The retrievals agree well with GOME-2 observations at simultaneous nadir overpasses and ground-based zenith-sky measurements at 25 Harestua, Norway, with mean biases less than 0.12 ± 0.76 × 1013 molecules cm−2 (3.2 ± 16.3 %). Global distribution and seasonal variation of OMI BrO are generally consistent with previous satellite observations. The retrievals show enhancement of BrO at US Great Salt Lake. It also shows significant BrO enhancement from the eruption of the Eyjafjallajökull volcano, although the BrO retrievals can be affected under high SO2 loading conditions by the sub-optimum choice of SO2 cross sections.
The role of soil pH on soil carbonic anhydrase activity
Authors: Sauze Joana , Jones Sam P. , Wingate Lisa , Wohl Steven , Ogée Jérôme
Published: January 2018

Abstract. Carbonic anhydrases (CAs) are metalloenzymes present in
plants and microorganisms that catalyse the interconversion of CO2 and
water to bicarbonate and protons. Because oxygen isotopes are also exchanged
during this reaction, the presence of CA also modifies the contribution of
soil and plant CO18O fluxes to the global budget of atmospheric
CO18O. The oxygen isotope signatures (δ18O) of these
fluxes differ as leaf water pools are usually more enriched than soil water
pools, and this difference is used to partition the net CO2 flux over
land into soil respiration and plant photosynthesis. Nonetheless, the use of
atmospheric CO18O as a tracer of land surface CO2 fluxes requires
a good knowledge of soil CA activity. Previous studies have shown that
significant differences in soil CA activity are found in different biomes
and seasons, but our understanding of the environmental and ecological
drivers responsible for the spatial and temporal patterns observed in soil
CA activity is still limited. One factor that has been overlooked so far is
pH. Soil pH is known to strongly influence microbial community composition,
richness and diversity in addition to governing the speciation of CO2
between the different carbonate forms. In this study we investigated the
CO2–H2O isotopic exchange rate (kiso) in six soils with pH
varying from 4.5 to 8.5. We also artificially increased the soil CA
concentration to test how pH and other soil properties (texture and
phosphate content) affected the relationship between kiso and CA
concentration. We found that soil pH was the primary driver of kiso
after CA addition and that the chemical composition (i.e. phosphate content)
played only a secondary role. We also found an offset between the δ18O of the water pool with which CO2 equilibrates and total soil
water (i.e. water extracted by vacuum distillation) that varied with soil
texture. The reasons for this offset are still unknown.
Carbonyl sulfide (OCS) exchange between soils and the atmosphere affected by soil moisture and compensation points
Authors: Bunk Rüdiger , Yi Zhigang , Behrendt Thomas , Wu Dianming , Andreae Meinrat Otto , Kesselmeier Jürgen
Published: January 2018

Abstract. Carbonyl sulfide (OCS) is a chemically quite stable gas in the troposphere (lifetime ~ 2–6 years) and consequently some of it is transported up to the stratosphere where it contributes to the stratospheric sulfate layer. Due to the similarities in uptake mechanism between OCS and CO2, the use of OCS as a proxy for CO2 in ecosystem gross primary production (GPP) has been proposed. For this application a good understanding of uptake (UOCS) and production (POCS) processes of OCS in an ecosystem is required. A new OCS quantum cascade laser coupled with an automated soil chamber system enabled us to measure the soil-atmosphere OCS exchange of four different soil samples with high precision. The adjustment of the chamber air to different OCS mixing ratios (50, 500, and 1000 ppt) allowed us to separate production and consumption processes and to estimate compensation points (CPs) for the OCS exchange. At an atmospheric mixing ratio of 1000 ppt, the maximum UOCS was of the order of 22 to 110 pmol g−1 h−1 for needle forest soil samples and of the order of 3 to 5 pmol g−1 h−1 for an agricultural mineral soil, both measured at moderate soil moisture. Uptake processes (UOCS) were dominant at all soil moistures for the forest soils, while POCS exceeded UOCS at higher soil moistures for the agricultural soil, resulting in net emission. Hence, our results indicate that in (spruce) forests UOCS might be the dominant process, while in agricultural soils POCS at higher soil moisture and UOCS under moderate soil moisture seem to dominate the OCS exchange. The OCS compensation points (CPs) were highly dependent on soil water content and extended over a wide range of 130 ppt to 1600 ppt for the forest soils and 450 ppt to 5500 ppt for the agricultural soil. The strong dependency between soil water content and the compensation point value must be taken into account for all further analyses. The lowest CPs were found at about 20 % water filled pore space (WFPSlab), implying the maximum of UOCS under these soil moisture conditions and excluding OCS emission under such conditions. We discuss our results in view of other studies about compensation points and the potential contribution of microbial groups.
Representing anthropogenic gross land use change, wood harvest, and forest age dynamics in a global vegetation model ORCHIDEE-MICT v8.4.2
Authors: Yue Chao , Ciais Philippe , Luyssaert Sebastiaan , Li Wei , McGrath Matthew J. , Chang Jinfeng , Peng Shushi
Published: January 2018

Abstract. Land use change (LUC) is among the main anthropogenic disturbances in the global carbon cycle. Here we present the model developments in a global dynamic vegetation model ORCHIDEE-MICT v8.4.2 for a more realistic representation of LUC processes. First, we included gross land use change (primarily shifting cultivation) and forest wood harvest in addition to net land use change. Second, we included sub-grid evenly aged land cohorts to represent secondary forests and to keep track of the transient stage of agricultural lands since LUC. Combination of these two features allows the simulation of shifting cultivation with a rotation length involving mainly secondary forests instead of primary ones. Furthermore, a set of decision rules regarding the land cohorts to be targeted in different LUC processes have been implemented. Idealized site-scale simulation has been performed for miombo woodlands in southern Africa assuming an annual land turnover rate of 5 % grid cell area between forest and cropland. The result shows that the model can correctly represent forest recovery and cohort aging arising from agricultural abandonment. Such a land turnover process, even though without a net change in land cover, yields carbon emissions largely due to the imbalance between the fast release from forest clearing and the slow uptake from agricultural abandonment. The simulation with sub-grid land cohorts gives lower emissions than without, mainly because the cleared secondary forests have a lower biomass carbon stock than the mature forests that are otherwise cleared when sub-grid land cohorts are not considered. Over the region of southern Africa, the model is able to account for changes in different forest cohort areas along with the historical changes in different LUC activities, including regrowth of old forests when LUC area decreases. Our developments provide possibilities to account for continental or global forest demographic change resulting from past anthropogenic and natural disturbances.
The #MeToo Movement and Ovid's Philomela
Authors: Barker Justin L.
Published: January 2018

This essay disucsses Ovid's Philomela in the context of the #MeToo Movement. It engages the problems of power and the use of masculine violence to silence female voices, and the ways these problems transcend time and culture. It then reflects on the potential for teaching Ovid alongside the #MeToo discourse.
Reading Immigration with The Book of Unknown Americans by Cristina Henríquez
Authors: Schnee Emily
Published: January 2018

This Teaching Note describes using The Book of Unknown Americans by Cristina Henriquez to spark critical inquiry about immigration in developmental English and composition courses at a New York City community college.
Contributors' Notes
Authors: Vogt Leonard
Published: January 2018

Contributors' Notes for Radical Teacher Vol. 110
Reviewer Acknowledgements for Environmental Management and Sustainable Development, Vol. 7 No. 1
Authors: Young Jenny
Published: January 2018

Environmental Management and Sustainable Development (EMSD) would like to thank the following reviewers for reviewing manuscripts from November 1, 2017, to February 1, 2018. Their comments and suggestions were of great help to the authors in improving the quality of their papers. Many authors, regardless of whether EMSD publishes their work, appreciate the helpful feedback provided by the reviewers. Macrothink Institute appreciates the following reviewers’ rigorous and conscientious efforts for this journal. Each of the reviewers listed below returned at least one review during this period.Anna Rita Bernadette CammerinoChristiane do Nascimento MonteDr Hebin LinElham MohamedFarhaoui MohamedGandhi Escajadillo ToledoGehendra KharelGiacomo ChiesaJoão Fernando Pereira GomesKhalid AlahmadiKhan R. RahamanLiang YuManuel Mendoza-CarranzaMona M. Amin Abdel-FatahMurat EyvazPankaj MaheshwariSadegh PoozeshSilvano BertoldoTateda Masafumi
Positive and Negative Particle Masses in the Bicubic Equation Limiting Particle Velocity Formalism
Authors: Soln Josip
Published: January 2018

The interest in the negative particle mass here got encouraged by the Rachel Gaal July 2017 APS article (Gaal, 2017)describing Khamehchi et al. (2007) observation of an effective negative mass in a spin-orbit coupled Bose-Einsteincondensate. Hence, since in the bicubic equation limiting particle velocity formalism (Soln, 2014, 2015, 2016, 2017)positive m+ = m ≻ 0 and negative m− = −m ≺ 0 masses with m2+ = m2− = m2 are equally acceptable, then from a purelytheoretical point of view, the evaluation of particle limiting velocities for both m+ and a m− masses should be done.Starting with the original solutions for particle limiting velocities c1; c2 and c3, given basically for a positive particlemass m+ (Soln, 2014, 2015, 2016, 2017), now also are done for a negative particle mass m− This is done consistent withthe bicubic equation mathematics, by solving for c1; c2 and c3 not only form+ but also for m−. Hence, in addition tohaving the limiting velocities of positive mass m+ primary, obscure and normal particles, now one has also the limitingvelocities of negative mass m− primary, obscure and normal particles, however, numerically equal to limiting velocities,respectively of m+ masses obscure, primary and normal particles, forming the m+ and m− masses of equal limiting velocityvalue doublets : c1(m−) = c2(m+), c2(m−) = c1(m+) , c3(m−) = c3(m+). Now, one would like to know as to which particlewith a negative mass m− = −m ≺ 0, obtained from the positive mass m+ = m ≻ 0 with the substitution m −  −m, canhave a real limiting velocity? It turns out that it is the obscure particle limiting velocity c2(m+) that changes from theimaginary value, c22(m+) ≺ 0, into the real limiting velocity value c22(m−) ≻ 0 when the change m+ −  m− is made and,at the same time, retaining the same energy. Similar procedure applied to the original primary particle limiting velocitystarting with c21(m+) ≻ 0 , keeping the total energy the same,with the change m −  −m one ends up with c21(m−) ≺ 0 that is, imaginary c1. The procedure of changing m+ −  m− in normal particle limiting velocity causes no change, it remains the same realc3. Because m2 (= m2+ = m2−), E2 and v2 remain the same , these mass regenerations, m+ −  m− and m− −  m+ could in principle also occur spontaneously.
The Distribution of the Heavy Metals in Soil Sample Along Blue Nile During overflow Season
Authors: Saad Magdi H.
Published: January 2018

The research cared out to calculate the heavy metals deposition for the soil of the Blue Nile along the edges of two sides, starting from the Sudan Ethiopia border end to the Khartoum state in Tuti Island. The samples were analyzed by inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP-MS) technique. The results show that there is a significant difference for most of the concentration of the elements deposition on two sides of the Blue Nile outside of Nile channel for that area which covered by water after the overflow. Heavy metals Cr, Fe, Co, Cu, and Zn concentration deposition are increased in the direction of the water to Khartoum, while Ni and Pb concentrations are decreased in the same direction. K, Ca, Ti, Mn, Br, Rb, Sr, and Zr heavy metal concentrations are varied but in general remains equals.