bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Objective Analysis of Orbital Rim Fracture CT Images Using Curve and Area Measurement
Authors: Lee Myungchul , Yoo Junghwan , Kim Jeenam , Choi Hyungon , Shin Donghyeok , Lee Hasup
Published: July 2024

The orbital bone presents a closed curve, and fracture results in disfigurement. An image analysis procedure was developed to examine before and after corrective surgery. An ellipse and circumscribed contour embodied the closed curve. Three-dimensional (3D) computed tomography (CT) images of were collected from 25 patients. Orbital rim data were generated, and binary images were created to facilitate closed curve analysis. Various indices, including the solidity value (closed curve area/convex hull area) and ellipse distance (discrepancy between the closed curve and the ellipse traversing the curve), were utilized. The ratios of various indices—including the number of vertices, solidity value, and ellipse distance—between the affected and unaffected sides showed postoperative values that were closer to 1, which would indicate perfect symmetry, than the preoperative measurements (P < 0.05). The solidity value increased, while both the ellipse distance and curvature values decreased, reflecting the transformation of bends into smooth contours following reduction surgery (P < 0.05). Significant correlations were observed between 1-solidity, ellipse distance, and curvature using the Pearson correlation test (P < 0.05). This study validated postoperative changes in various indices and established correlations among multiple values, specifically solidity, ellipse distance, and curvature. Employing multiple indices with mutual complements has provided objective information confidently.
An Early Prediction of Neonatal Necrotizing Enterocolitis in High-Risk Newborns- Based on Two Medical Center Clinical Databases
Authors: Mou Yanling , Li Jinhao , Wang Jianjun , Yu Daiyue , Yang Huirong , Zhang Xi , Tan Rongying , Mahamat Djibril Adam , Yang Liucheng , Wu Kai
Published: July 2024

Background: To improve the prognosis of necrotizing enterocolitis (NEC) in newborns, early identification and timely preventive interventions play an essential role. Based on the current situation, establishing a novel and simple prediction model is of great clinical significance.
Methods: The clinical data of NEC neonates in Zhujiang Hospital of Southern Medical University from October 2010 to October 2022 were collected, and 429 non-NEC patients in the same period were selected as the control group by random sampling method. After that, all participants were randomly divided into training group (70%) and testing group (30%). Combining relevant clinical features and laboratory results, five machine learning (ML) algorithms and classical logistic regression models were established. To evaluate the performance of each model, the area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (ROC), accuracy, sensitivity, and specificity of various models were compared. 10-folds cross-validation was used to find the best hyperparameters for each model. Decision curve analysis (DCA) was further used to evaluate the performance of the established models for clinical applications, and create a column-line graph, ranking the feature importance in model by SHapely Additive exPlanation (SHAP). The column plots were calibrated using calibration curves. In addition, the established model was validated in time series analysis as well as in another medical center.
Results: Six important features were finally included for modeling, including the Day (OR=1.15; 95% CI: 1.07-1.23; P=0.001), Gestational age (OR=0.77; 95% CI: 0.62-0.95; P=0.016), Eosinophil (EOS) (OR=3.76; 95% CI: 1.76-8.02; P=0.001), Hemoglobin (HB) (OR=0.98; 95% CI: 0.97-1.00; P=0.011), Platelet distribution width (PDW) (OR=1.21; 95% CI: 1.08-1.35; P=0.001) and High-sensitivity C-reactive protein (HSCRP) (OR=1.03; 95% CI: 1.01-1.06; P=0.007). While the logistic regression model achieved an AUC of 0.919, accuracy of 0.897, sensitivity of 0.832, F1-score of 0.778, and a Brier score of 0.0878 in the training group, the AUCs for the five machine learning models ranged from 0.774 to 0.972. Among these models, the LightGBM model performed the best, with an AUC of 0.960, accuracy of 0.894, sensitivity of 0.901, F1-score of 0.813, and a Brier score of 0.072.
Conclusion: The LightGBM machine learning model can effectively identify neonatal patients at higher risk of NEC based on Day age, Gestational age, EOS, HB, PDW, and HSCRP levels. This model is useful for assisting in clinical decision-making.
Gene Analysis of LBX1 Mutation, Tetralogy of Fallot,and Hypertrophic Cardiomyopathy Patient
Authors: An Yong , Cheng peiwen , Wang Guozhen , Song Yingzi
Published: July 2024

Background: Tetralogy of Fallot (TOF) and hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (HCM) are common types of congenital heart disease with unique pathophysiologic features. Mutations in LBX1, a key regulator of muscle precursor cell migration, may disrupt these critical developmental processes, resulting in severe developmental abnormalities.
Case Presentation: This case reports on a 4-year-old girl diagnosed with both TOF and HCM. Genetic analysis revealed iUPI-F (uniparental disomy) on the entire chromosome 10, with a c.808G>A (p. Glu270Lys) pure mutation in the LBX1.
Conclusion: This patient exhibited both TOF and HCM with mutations in the LBX1 gene, suggesting a potentially novel genetic link. This case study emphasizes the need for further studies on the function of the LBX1 gene in cardiac development and its potential impact on TOF and HCM. e LBX1 gene in cardiac development and its potential impact on TOF and HCM.
Value of an 18F-FDG-based peritoneal cancer index in predicting tumor grade, tumor burden, and completeness of cytoreductive surgery in epithelial ovarian cancer
Authors: Zhang Li , Li Bing , Tong GuanSheng , Wen Zhe , Yang MinFu
Published: July 2024

Background
The challenge of treating epithelial ovarian cancer (EOC) is significantly heightened by peritoneal metastasis. 18F-FDG PET/CT is employed as a preoperative assessment method for evaluating the extent of peritoneal spread in EOC, while peritoneal cancer index (PCI) serves as a vital tool in assessing peritoneal dissemination during surgery. We sought to investigate the value of a PCI derived from 18F-FDG PET/CT (PET-PCI) in predicting tumor pathological grade, tumor burden, and completeness of cytoreductive surgery (CRS) in patients with EOC.
Methods
We conducted a retrospective analysis of 64 patients with the International Federation of Gynecology and Obstetrics (FIGO) stages III–IV or recurrent EOC with peritoneal metastasis who underwent 18F-FDG PET/CT before therapy. PET-PCI was calculated by summing the 18F-FDG uptake scores across 13 abdominopelvic regions. Among them, 23 patients underwent CRS within 2 months after 18F-PET/CT. The relationship between PET-PCI, histological type (I or II), and surgical PCI was analyzed, as was the ability of PET-PCI to predict the completeness of CRS.
Results
Pathological analysis revealed 14 patients with type I and 50 patients with type II tumors. Compared to patients with type I tumors, those with type II tumors exhibited higher PET-PCI values (19.0 ± 11.1 vs. 12.4 ± 11.5 points, p = 0.022). Setting a cutoff of 15 points for PET-PCI to identify type II EOC resulted in a sensitivity of 56.0%, a specificity of 78.6%, and an AUC of 0.701 (p = 0.023). PET-PCI exhibited a positive correlation with surgical PCI (r = 0.885, p < 0.001). PET-PCI was a significant predictor of CRS completeness, with an AUC of 0.967 (p = 0.004). The cutoff value of 16 for PET-PCI facilitated the identification of CRS completeness in EOC patients, providing a sensitivity of 84.2% and a specificity of 100%.
Conclusions
This study demonstrated that PET-PCI is a valuable parameter in predicting tumor grade and burden in patients with advanced EOC. Moreover, PET-PCI may serve as a tool for predicting CRS completeness.
Enhanced Multifaceted Model for Plasmon-Driven Schottky Solar Cells with Integrated Thermal Effects
Authors: Aïssa Brahim , Baloch Ahmer A. , Ali Adnan , Mitra Anirban
Published: July 2024

This paper explores the development of an opto-thermal-electrical model for plasmonic Schottky solar cells (PSSCs) using a comprehensive multiphysics approach. We simulated the optical properties and energy conversion efficiencies of PSSCs with varying nanoparticle (NP) configurations and sizes. Our spectral analysis focused on the absorption characteristics of these solar cells, examining systems sized 3x3, 5x5, and 7x7, with NP radii ranging from 10 nm to 150 nm. Our study addresses a significant gap in solar cell research by presenting a novel multi-physics model for PSSCs decorated with gold nanoparticles (Au-NPs) on thin silicon absorbers. This framework uniquely couples optical, electrical, and thermal responses. The total spectral heat absorption was evaluated over a range of 300 nm to 1200 nm. This spectral heating was further deconvoluted into nanoparticle heating and thermalization heating in silicon absorber. The findings demonstrate that a 5x5 NP array with a 70 nm radius optimizes electrical output, achieving a short circuit current (Jsc) of 11.54 mA/cm², representing a 47% increase over traditional bare silicon Schottky cells. Optimal NP coverage, about 34.9% of the Si absorber's frontal area, is particularly effective for silicon layers as thin as 2 µm, enhancing light absorption and carrier generation. However, this electrical enhancement is countered by significant thermal gains in NPs, reaching up to 182.5%, highlighting the importance of balancing thermal management. Enhanced energy yield maps confirm our model's predictions, showing improved outputs globally, especially in sunny regions with potential annual energy yield gains up to 60 kWh/m².
Association Between Metabolic Dysfunction-Associated Steatotic Liver Disease and Increased Risk of Severe Bacterial Infections: A Meta-Analysis
Authors: Mantovani Alessandro , Fiorio Veronica , Morandin Riccardo , Lando Maria Giovanna , Gaviraghi Alberto , Motta Leonardo , Gobbi Federico , Tilg Herbert , Byrne Christoper , Targher Giovanni
Published: July 2024

Background
Previous studies have reported an association between metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease (MASLD) and risk of severe bacterial infections. However, the magnitude of the risk and whether this risk varies with the severity of MASLD remains uncertain. We performed a meta-analysis of observational studies to quantify the association between MASLD and severe bacterial infections requiring hospital admission.
Methods
We systematically searched PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science and Embase from database inception to April 1, 2024, using predefined keywords to identify studies examining the risk of severe bacterial infections amongst individuals with and without MASLD. MASLD was diagnosed using biopsy, imaging, or International Classification of Diseases codes. Meta-analysis was performed using random-effects modelling.
Results
We identified six cross-sectional and two prospective studies with aggregate data on ~ 26.6 million individuals. MASLD was significantly associated with higher odds of severe bacterial infections (pooled random-effects odds ratio 1.93, 95%CI 1.44–2.58; I2 = 93%). Meta-analysis of data from prospective studies showed that MAFLD was associated with an increased risk of developing incident severe infections (pooled random-effects hazard ratio 1.80, 95%CI 1.62-2.0; I2 = 89%). This risk significantly increased across the severity of MASLD, especially the severity of fibrosis (pooled random-effects hazard ratio 2.42, 95%CI 1.89–2.29; I2 = 92%). These results remained significant after adjusting for age, sex, obesity, diabetes, and other potential confounders. Sensitivity analyses did not modify these findings. The funnel plot did not reveal any significant publication bias.
Conclusions
This meta-analysis shows a significant association between MASLD and increased risk of severe bacterial infections requiring hospital admission.
Neurofilament light chain (Nf-L) in cerebrospinal fluid and serum as a potential biomarker in the differential diagnosis of neurological diseases in cattle
Authors: Muro Giorgia Di , Tessarolo Carlotta , Cagnotti Giulia , Favole Alessandra , Ferrini Sara , Ala Ugo , Bellino Claudio , Borriello Giuliano , Gallo Marina , Iamone Giulia , Iulini Barbara , Pezzolato Marzia , Casalone Cristina , Caramelli Maria , Capucci Lorenzo , Cavadini Patrizia , Corona Cristiano , D’Angelo Antonio
Published: July 2024

Neurofilament light chain (Nf-L) is a biomarker for axonal damage in human neurology but is understudied in cattle. With this study we wanted to determine Nf-L stability at two different storage temperatures and Nf-L levels in healthy cattle and the relationship with age, evaluate whether Nf-L holds diagnostic potential for neurological disorders, and whether an association exists between Nf-L in serum and in cerebrospinal fluid (CSF). To do this, we measured Nf-L levels in CSF and serum samples from 49 healthy and 75 sick cattle. Storage at -80°C or -20°C had no impact on Nf-L concentration. Physiological median Nf-L levels were 6.3 pg/mL (serum) and 414 pg/mL (CSF) in calves and 5.5 pg/mL (serum) and 828 pg/mL (CSF) in adult cattle. There was no association between Nf-L levels in CSF and calf age (r2 0.07, p = 0.13), while a weak association was found for Nf-L in serum (r2 0.26, p = 0.01), and a significant association in adult cattle (CSF, r2 0.69, p = 0.0001; serum, r2 0.68, p = 0.0003). CSF Nf-L levels were higher in samples from animals with degenerative (median Nf-L 49971 pg/mL) and infectious central nervous system (CNS) disorders (median Nf-L, age < 2 months 8863 pg/mL; age 2–12 months 17474 pg/mL; age 1–6 years 3546 pg/mL), CNS anomalies and metabolic/toxic disorders. There was a significant association between CSF Nf-L and serum Nf-L in cattle with neurological disorders (r2 0.2, p = 0.009). Taken together, these findings suggest the potential of Nf-L as a diagnostic tool in cattle neurology.
Impact of WWP1-Encoded Extrachromosomal DNA on Chemoresistance in Ovarian Cancer
Authors: LU Chenyang , GUO Xiaojuan , DU Ruijuan , BIAN Hua , GUO Kelei , Li Tongle , Tu Yunfei , HAN Li , LI Ruifang
Published: July 2024

Background Ovarian cancer is one of the most lethal gynecological malignancies, primarily due to chemoresistance, which complicates effective treatment. Extrachromosomal circular DNA (eccDNA) has recently been implicated in cancer progression and drug resistance, yet its specific contributions remain underexplored. This study investigates the role of WWP1-encoded eccDNA (WWP1-eccDNA) in fostering drug resistance in ovarian cancer cells.Objective To elucidate the impact of WWP1-eccDNA on the chemoresistance of ovarian cancer cells and assess the efficacy of digital PCR (ddPCR) compared to quantitative PCR (qPCR) in detecting this eccDNA under various treatment conditions.Methods We utilized human ovarian cancer SKOV3 cells and their cisplatin-resistant variant, SKOV3/DDP. Following eccDNA extraction, BALB/cA-nu female mice were treated with saline, cisplatin, or hydroxyurea. The expression levels of WWP1-eccDNA were quantitatively analyzed using ddPCR and qPCR to compare the methodologies' sensitivity and accuracy.Results ddPCR demonstrated superior sensitivity and accuracy in detecting WWP1-eccDNA compared to qPCR. Treatment with cisplatin significantly increased the levels of WWP1-eccDNA in SKOV3 cells, whereas hydroxyurea treatment reduced these levels in SKOV3/DDP cells, highlighting the potential modulatory effects of these treatments on eccDNA abundance.Conclusion WWP1-eccDNA contributes to the chemoresistance observed in ovarian cancer cells. The enhanced sensitivity of ddPCR suggests its utility in eccDNA research and potential for clinical applications in diagnosing and monitoring resistance patterns. These insights are foundational to developing targeted therapies that could disrupt eccDNA-mediated resistance mechanisms.
Pirfenidone inhibits TGF-β1-induced fibrosis via downregulation of Smad and ERK pathway in MDCK cells
Authors: Im Chae-Yoon , Kim Se-Hoon , Song Ki-Hoon , Ryu Min-Ok , Youn Hwa-Young , Seo Kyoung-Won
Published: July 2024

The prevalence of chronic kidney disease (CKD) in dogs increases with age, and renal fibrosis is an important pathophysiological mechanism in this process. However, only a few drugs that can effectively inhibit fibrosis in the kidneys of dogs are currently available. In this study, we aimed to determine whether pirfenidone, a drug that has shown antifibrotic effects in various clinical studies, also exerts antifibrotic effects on canine renal tubular epithelial cells (MDCK). To this end, we treated MDCK cells with various concentrations of pirfenidone, followed by transforming growth factor-beta1 (TGF-β1) to stimulate fibrotic conditions. A cell viability assay was performed to determine the effect of pirfenidone on cell survival. Fibrosis-related markers and TGF-β1 fibrotic pathway-related markers were assessed using qPCR, Western blot analysis and immunocytochemistry. A one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) was performed, followed by Tukey’s post-hoc test for multiple comparisons. Pirfenidone treatment significantly reduced the expression of profibrotic markers such as α-smooth muscle actin, fibronectin, and collagen. Additionally, it upregulated the expression of E-cadherin, an epithelial marker. Furthermore, pirfenidone effectively inhibited the phosphorylation of key factors involved in the TGF-β1 signaling pathway, including Smad2/3 and ERK1/2. These results demonstrate that pirfenidone suppresses TGF-β1-induced fibrosis in MDCK cells by attenuating epithelial-mesenchymal transition and the relevant signaling pathways.
Utilization of Tree-Based Machine Learning Models for Predicting Low Birth Weight Cases
Authors: Morais Flávio Leandro , Rocha Élisson Silva , Masson Gabriel , Gomes Ariel Nunes Braz , Filho Dimas Cassimiro Nascimento , Mendes Kátia Maria , Neto Waldemar Brandão , Endo Patricia Takako
Published: July 2024

Background: The monitoring of medical teams is crucial for assessing maternal and fetal health and early identification of complications such as Low Birth Weight (LBW), affecting over 20 million cases globally annually. This issue is associated with various risks, negatively impacting the development and quality of life of newborns. In Brazil, data from the Information System on Live Births (SINASC) indicate that 8% to 9% of newborns are diagnosed with LBW annually, emphasizing the need for comprehensive health policies for pregnant women. This study proposes the application of machine learning models to predict pregnant women at risk of having LBW newborns, aiming to contribute to prevention and adequate care.
Methods: The methodology employed five models in four different scenarios, considering variations in attribute selection and experimenting with the removal or retention of duplicate data after preprocessing.
Results: The results indicate that the models can identify newborns with Normal Birth Weight (NBW) but have limitations in detecting LBW cases, facing challenges in generalization, especially when tested with more recent data. The analysis of attribute importance highlights sociodemographic characteristics and gestational history as influential in the models’ learning.
Conclusions: The study provides a comprehensive view of the capabilities and limitations of machine learning models in predicting LBW, with Adaboost and Gradient Boosting standing out as more robust in dynamic data scenarios.
A generalized matching method for geographic entities based on fine-grained feature segments
Authors: Yan YuHan , Wu PengDa , Yin Yong , Guo PeiPei
Published: July 2024

Geographic entity matching is an important means for multi-source spatial data fusion and information association and sharing. Corresponding matching methods have been designed by existing studies for different types of entity data characteristics, such as line and area. However, these approaches are often limited in the generalization ability for matching heterogeneous data from multiple sources and the accuracy for complex pattern matching. To resolve these problems, a generalized matching method for geographic entities based on fine-grained feature segments is proposed. First, the entire entity is segmented based on shape features, and the partitioned feature segments are extracted as matching primitives; Second, feature segments are grouped into patterns, encompassing three major categories and 14 subcategories; Following this, pattern matching is performed based on spatial similarity metric such as maximum projection distance, etc.; Finally, the spatial matches are detected and refined through semantic similarity calculation. The proposed method is tested using two datasets from a region in southeast China. The experimental results demonstrate that our method can be effectively applied to both area and line entity matching. Specifically, 9 different strategies for matching area entities and 6 for line entities are utilized, and the precision and recall are almost above 90%.
Research on the Application of Tree Drawing Projection Tests in the Auxiliary Diagnosis and Condition Assessment of Depression
Authors: Liu Guorui , Zhang Yanfei , Li Ziyang , Liu Yige , Jin Hui , Shi Peiqi , Wen Jing , Wang Yihao , Bai Yonghai , Liu Wei
Published: July 2024

Objective
This study aims to extract and quantitatively analyze the tree drawing projection indices from groups of patients with depression, patients in remission, and a normal control group, to explore characteristic indicators of tree drawing projections in individuals with depression and provide a basis for auxiliary diagnosis and condition assessment of depression.
Methods
Tree drawing tests were administered to 59 patients with depression, 57 patients in remission, and 59 normal controls. Computer image recognition and data collection were used for quantitative analysis of the tree projections, and statistical analysis was conducted on the results from the three groups.
Results
ANOVA tests revealed significant statistical differences between the depression patients, remission patients, and normal controls in the following quantitative indices: canopy area, canopy height, canopy width, trunk area, trunk width, total area, and the ratio of canopy width to trunk width (P values: 0.000, 0.000, 0.000, 0.003, 0.000, 0.004, 0.000). No significant differences were found in trunk height, root width, root height, root area, total height, the ratio of canopy height to trunk height, and the ratio of canopy area to trunk area. Further LSD-t tests showed that compared to the depression group, the remission group exhibited significant differences in canopy area, canopy height, canopy width, trunk area, trunk width, the ratio of canopy height to trunk width, and total area (P values: 0.001, 0.000, 0.009, 0.002, 0.000, 0.046, 0.007, 0.000). No significant differences were found in the other six indices; also, no significant differences were found between the remission group and the normal control group across all 14 indices.
Conclusion
There are seven quantitative indices where significant statistical differences exist among the tree drawings from the depression group, the remission group, and the normal control group, and seven indices where no significant differences were found. The quantitative indices of tree drawing projections have potential value for the auxiliary diagnosis and condition assessment of depression.
Design and experiment of mechanical dustpan type-hole wheel corn seeder
Authors: Wang Shihao , Pan Shuai , Ren Dinglin , Chen Yongxin , Li Zhaodong
Published: July 2024

Using variable capacity seed filling technology, a dustpan type-hole wheel type corn seed discharging device with stopping plate was developed in order to enhance the mechanical hole wheel type corn seeder's seed discharging performance. By combining discrete element numerical simulation and methods that combine dynamics and kinematics theories. The structural parameters of the key components of the seeder were determined. Simultaneous corn hole sowing performance tests were done. The experimental findings indicated that the use of the dustpan type-hole resulted in qualified sowing rates of 97.2% for corn. The hole spacing rates for minimum qualification was 98.8%. Within the design parameters, changes in sowing operating parameters had a minor impact on the performance of the seeder. The bench performance test results demonstrate that the seeder's overall performance satisfies the criteria for agricultural planting.
Roles of inflammatory factors in the pathogenesis of hepatitis B virus-related acute-on-chronic liver failure and CAR-T therapy
Authors: Wang Yan , Gu Jing , Chen Guanghua , Jiang Yanfeng , Xu Ying , Huang Xiaoping , Gan Jianhe
Published: July 2024

Hepatitis B virus-related acute-on-chronic liver failure (HBV-ACLF) pathogenesis remains unclear. Cytokine release syndrome (CRS) is a serious concomitant disease caused by pathogen infection and immunotherapies, such as HBV infection and chimeric antigen receptor T (CAR-T) therapy respectively while the role of inflammatory factors (IFs) in such patients still remains to be elucidated. This study aims to explore HBV-ACLF pathogenesis according to analyze IFs changes in patients with HBV-ACLF, prophase of HBV-ACLF(pro-HBV-ACLF) and CAR-T therapy, and the relationship between IFs and liver function indexes (LFIs) in patients receiving CAR-T therapy. The clinical records of 68 patients with HBV-ACLF, 30 patients with pro-HBV-ACLF, and 372 patients with hematologic tumors but without abnormal liver function who received CAR-T therapy at the First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University were retrospectively examined in this investigation. Serum interleukin-10 (IL-10) levels was significantly increased from healthy controls to pro-HBV-ACLF and to HBV-ACLF. IL-10 was decreased in patients who experienced improvement compared to those whose condition deteriorated. Consistently, alanine transaminase (ALT), aspartate aminotransferase (AST), total bilirubin (TBil) and international normalized ratio (INR) also increased with the development of HBV-ACLF. However, IL-6 did not significantly change from pro-HBV-ACLF to HBV-ACLF and to HBV-ACLF without infection, while IL-6 was even lower in patients with HBV-ACLF without secondary infection than in patients with pro-HBV-ACLF. In addition, Serum levels of IL-2, IL-10, tumor necrosis factor α (TNF-α), and interferon γ (IFN-γ), especially IL-6, increased significantly after CAR-T treatment in tumor patients, while TBIL and ALT levels did not markedly increase. These results elucidate the role of inflammatory factors in the pathogenesis of HBV-ACLF and the side effects of CRS induced by CAR-T therapy.
The cholesterol 24-hydroxylase enzyme, CYP46A1, reduces overexpressed alpha-synuclein proteins in human cellular models of Parkinson’s disease.
Authors: Besnard-Guérin Corinne , Rousselot Lisa , Audouard Emilie , Chali Farah , Piguet Françoise
Published: July 2024

A growing body of evidence suggests a correlation between cholesterol metabolism and the pathogenesis of Parkinson's disease (PD). We and others have demonstrated that the activation of the cholesterol 24-hydroxylase enzyme, CYP46A1, responsible for converting cholesterol to 24S-hydroxycholesterol (24-OHC) in the brain, is an effective therapeutic strategy for several neurodegenerative diseases as Alzheimer's disease, Huntington’s disease, spinocerebellar ataxia type 3. This approach has demonstrated that overexpression of CYP46A1 can reduce aggregated protein levels, enhance memory and cognitive performance, and improve motor phenotype in animal models. Nevertheless, there is still much to be illuminated regarding the role of CYP46A1 in PD. Alpha-synuclein (alpha-syn), the hallmark pathological protein of PD, exhibits a pronounced affinity for binding to lipid membranes, especially in cholesterol-rich regions and contains a high-affinity cholesterol-binding motif in the 67–78 aa region. In this study, we demonstrate that overexpression of human CYP46A1 leads to a decreased expression of wild-type alpha-syn proteins in human neuroblastoma SH-SY5Y cells through the autophagy-lysosomal pathway. Additionally, our findings suggest that CYP46A1 may also decrease the levels of alpha-syn proteins overexpressed with mutations in the cholesterol-binding domain or at the residue A53T, which is associated with familial pathology. Moreover, CYP46A1 retains its functionality in a cellular model of PD associated with GBA1. The gene GBA1 is involved in lipid metabolism, and its deficiency represents the most prevalent genetic factor associated with an elevated risk of PD. These results provide insights into disease pathogenesis and potential therapeutic pathways that could benefit patients with PD.
Cox PH Approach for Determining the Contributing Factors of Infant and Child Mortality in Nigeria: A Regional Analysis
Authors: Haganawiga Kumur John , Pal Surya Kant , Sirohi Anu
Published: July 2024

In low- and middle-income countries, infant and child mortality rates serve as crucial indicators of public health. Despite ongoing efforts to mitigate these rates, Nigeria continues to exhibit some of the highest infant and child mortality rates in Africa. This research delves into the primary factors contributing to these mortality rates across various regions of Nigeria utilizing data from the Nigeria Demographic and Health Survey (NDHS). By employing the Cox proportional hazards (PH) model, this study identified several significant determinants of mortality rates, including family size, birth order, preceding birth interval, maternal education, maternal age, age at first birth, lack of breastfeeding, wealth index, religious affiliation, availability of toilet facilities, and child sex. Among these factors, lack of breastfeeding emerged as the most critical determinant, demonstrating the highest hazard ratio. These findings elucidate key factors influencing infant and child mortality, providing valuable insights for policymakers and healthcare professionals to devise targeted interventions to reduce mortality rates in Nigeria.
Therapeutic Efficacy of Selenium Pre-treatment in Mitigating Cadmium-Induced Cardiotoxicity in Zebrafish (Danio rerio)
Authors: Heuer Rachael M. , Falagan-Lotsch Priscila , Okutsu Jessica , Deperalto Madison , Koop Rebekka R. , Umeh Olaedo G. , Guevara Gabriella A. , Noor Md Imran , Covington Myles A. , Shelton Delia S.
Published: July 2024

Cardiovascular diseases are a rampant public health threat. Environmental contaminants, such as Cadmium (Cd), a toxic metal, have been linked to increased risk for cardiovascular diseases. Given that human exposure to Cd is increasing overtime, there is a need to develop new therapies to ameliorate Cd toxicity. Selenium (Se), an essential trace element, has been proposed to rescue the effects of Cd toxicity, with mixed effects. Se's narrow therapeutic window necessitates precise dosing to avoid toxicity. Here, we assessed the effects of various waterborne Cd and Se concentrations and sequences on cardiac function using zebrafish (Danio rerio). We showed that Cd induced pericardial edemas and modified heart rates in a concentration-dependent manner. To identify the therapeutic range of Se for Cd-induced cardiotoxicity, zebrafish embryos were treated with 0, 10, 50, 100, 150, or 200 μg/L Se for 1-4 days prior to exposure to Cd at 2.5, and 5 μg/L. We found that a 50 µg/L Se pre-treatment prior to Cd at 2.5 μg/L, but not at 5 μg/L, reduced the prevalence of pericardial edemas and ameliorated Cd-induced bradycardia in zebrafish. Embryos exposed to 10 and 50 μg/L of Se showed typical heart morphology, whereas other Se-exposed and Se-deficient fish presented pericardial edemas. Longer Se pre-treatment durations led to fewer incidences of pericardial edemas. Overall, this study highlights the importance of optimizing Se concentration and pre-treatment periods to harness its protective effects against Cd-induced cardiotoxicity. These findings provide insights into potential therapeutic strategies for reducing Cd-related cardiovascular damage in humans.
Association of Blood Urea Nitrogen to Glucose Ratio with 365-Day Mortality in Intensive Care Unit Patients with Chronic Kidney Disease: A Retrospective Study
Authors: Du Shenghua , Su Ning , Yu Zhaoxian , Li Junhong , Jiang Yingyi , Wang Juan , Hu Jinxing
Published: July 2024

This retrospective research examined the connection between the blood urea nitrogen to glucose ratio (BGR) and 365-day mortality in ICU patients with chronic kidney disease (CKD) stages 1-4. The study utilized data from 6,380 patients in the Medical Information Mart for Intensive Care IV version 2.2 (MIMIC-IV v2.2), taking into account confounding factors such as demographics, vital signs, laboratory indicators, and comorbidities. The study employed both univariate and multivariate Cox regression analyses, stratified by BGR quartiles. Additionally, restricted cubic spline regression and inflection point analysis were used to explore the linear relationship between BGR and 365-day mortality, while Kaplan-Meier curve analysis observed mortality changes under different BGR stratifications. Subgroup and mediating effect analyses were performed to evaluate the robustness of BGR's effect on 365-day mortality. The study found that a cumulative 365-day mortality rate of 34.2% among CKD stages 1-4 patients, with a 2.43-fold increase in the risk of death associated with BGR and at least a 44% increase in the risk of death for each unit increase in BGR (P = 0.022). A significant nonlinear relationship was identified, showing a stepwise change in the risk of death, with a marked increase in the slope of the curve for BGR values below 0.52 and above 0.9 (P < 0.001). Subgroup analyses indicated interactions between BGR and factors such as age, sepsis, first-day antibiotic use, and cerebrovascular disease (P < 0.05). In conclusion, this study confirms that BGR is a significant and stable predictor of 1-year mortality risk in patients with CKD stages 1-4. Interventions aimed at timely adjustment, correction of metabolic imbalances, reduction of inflammation, and management of BGR levels are beneficial for reducing mortality in this patient population.
A novel photothermal energy storage phase change material with high stability and enthalpy
Authors: Xiong Shenghua , Shi Yanlong , Liu Changhui , Li Gang , Yang Yunyun
Published: July 2024

In this study, stearic acid (CA-SA) was used as phase change material (PCM), carbon nanotubes and nitriding (CNT, BN) as support materials to prepare CNT-BN-SA-1 composites by vacuum impregnation. According to the results of the thermal conductivity of CNT-BN-SA-1, the maximum thermal conductivity of CNT-BN-SA-1 is 0.83 Wm/k when the CNT-BN content reaches 15 wt%. The surface morphology, heat storage capacity and reliability of CNT-BN-SA-1 were systematically studied. The melting temperature (ΔTm) of CNT-BN-SA-1 is 51.83°C and the latent calorific value is 143.5 J/g. CNT-BN-SA-1 still exhibits good latent heat capacity after 1000 heat treatment cycles, and its latent heat after cycling is 147.3 J/g. After a high temperature of 100°C, CNT-BN-SA-1 still retains a good solid shape. The results show that CNT-BN-SA-1 has high latent heat, reliability, and excellent CSP energy storage capabilities. It has great application potential in the field of FSPCMs. This method provides a certain reference for the preparation of phase change composites.
Resilient and Sustainable PD-(1+PI) Controller for a Smart grid in Uncertain Environments
Authors: Rath Umesh Prasad , Padhy Sasmita , Sahu Preeti Ranjan , Khadanga Rajendra Kumar , Prusty B Rajanarayan , Panda Sidhartha
Published: July 2024

Conventional power systems become modern and smart by integrating renewable power sources and devices with two-way communication, making the system more complicated. The uncertain and unpredictable behavior of renewable sources creates an uncertain environment where frequency and power imbalance occur in the smart grid. Therefore, this paper proposed a novel smart grid frequency regulation controller using a Parasitism Predation Algorithm (PPA)-based PD-(1+PI) controller. It also investigated the performance of the PPA-optimized PID for smart grid frequency regulation. In comparison to results obtained from PPA-based PI, PID, PI-PD controller, PD-PI controller, and standard PID controller, it is also shown that PPA-based PD-(1+PI) controller is particularly effective in regulating the frequency in various uncertain conditions. The frequency stability 1 of the smart grid with the suggested PD-(1+PI) controller is exhibited through bode analysis. Further, the adaptive behavior of the PD-(1+PI) controller has been showcased through the sensitivity analysis due to the inconsistencies in the parameters of the smart grid.
Experimental study on physical and mechanical properties of MICP- reinforced uranium tailings combined with modified jute fibers
Authors: He Gui-Cheng , Tang Meng-Yuan , Li Yong-Mei , Pan Yu-Xiang , Gui Rong
Published: July 2024

Microbially induced calcium carbonate precipitation (MICP) is a promising methods for filling and cementing of tailings, offering the advantage of efficient and cost-effective performance. This research employs modified jute fibers combined with MICP to enhance the physical and mechanical properties of uranium tailings as filling materials, and to address the shortcomings of uneven reinforcement and brittle failure of MICP technology. The effect of hydrothermal treatment duration, fiber length, fiber content, and cementing solution concentration on the unconfined compressive strength of MICP-reinforced uranium tailings with different grades was investigated by orthogonal experiments, and the optimal bio-cement parameters were determined. The crystal types of calcium carbonate formed by modified jute fibers combined with MICP were characterized, and the effect mechanisms of modified jute fibers on the mechanical properties of MICP-reinforced uranium tailings were investigated. The results demonstrate that the surface roughness of jute fiber increases after hydrothermal treatment duration, thereby creating increased areas for microbial attachment and reproduction. This results in an increase in the production and uniformity of calcium carbonate in uranium tailings, as well as an improvement in the unconfined compressive strength of the uranium tailings. This is achieved by promoting the growth, reproduction, migration and fixation of microorganisms. The physical and mechanical properties of uranium tailings reinforced with modified jute fiber combined with MICP are optimal when applying uranium tailings with gradation number A3, a cementing solution concentration of 1.5 mol/L, a jute fiber content of 3%, a jute fiber length of 20 mm, and a hydrothermal treatment duration of 2h.
Cofilin linked to GluN2B subunits of NMDA receptors is required for behavioral sensitization by changing the dendritic spines of neurons in the caudate and putamen after repeated nicotine exposure
Authors: Kim Sunghyun , Sohn Sumin , Choe Eun Sang
Published: July 2024

Background
Nicotine dependence is associated with changes in glutamatergic neurotransmission in the caudate and putamen (CPu) of the forebrain. Changes in the structure of dendritic spines in the glutamate synapses after nicotine exposure induce habitual behaviors such as smoking. The present study investigated the hypothesis that cofilin, an actin-binding protein that is linked to the GluN2B subunits of N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA) receptors regulates the morphology of dendritic spines in the neurons of the CPu after repeated exposure to nicotine.
Results
Subcutaneous injections of nicotine for seven consecutive days (0.3 mg/kg/day) decreased the phosphorylation of cofilin while increasing the formation of thin spines and filopodia in the dendrites of medium spiny neurons (MSN) in the CPu of rats. Bilateral intra-CPu infusion of the cofilin inhibitor, cytochalasin D (12.5 µg/µL/side), restored the thin spines and filopodia from mushroom types after repeated exposure to nicotine. Similar results were obtained from the bilateral intra-CPu infusion of the selective GluN2B subunit antagonist, Ro 25-6981 (4 µM/µL/side). Bilateral intra-CPu infusion of cytochalasin D that interferes with the actin-cofilin interaction attenuated the repeated nicotine-induced increase in locomotor sensitization in rats.
Conclusions
These findings suggest that active cofilin alters the structure of spine heads from mushroom to thin spine/filopodia by potentiating actin turnover, contributing to behavioral sensitization after nicotine exposure.
Hybrid DIVEMA/PLGA nanoparticles as the potential drug delivery system
Authors: Gorshkova Marina , Vanchugova Lyudmila , Osipova Nadezhda , Nikitin Alexey , Kotova Julia , Kovalenko Elena , Ermolenko Yulia , Malinovskaya Julia , Kovshova Tatyana , Gelperina Svetlana
Published: July 2024

The hybrid nanoparticles (NP) consisting of poly(lactic-co-glycolic acid) (PLGA) and polyanionic copolymer of divinyl ether with maleic anhydride (DIVEMA) were prepared by the high pressure homogenization – solvent evaporation technique or by nanoprecipitation and evaluated by physicochemical and spectroscopic methods. The nanoparticles formed by PLGA (MM 7–17 kDa) and DIVEMA (MM 20 kDa or 80 kDa) at mass ratios from 1.2:1 to 8:1 had the hydrodynamic diameter of ~ 200 nm, negative zeta potentials of -33 to -40 mV, and were stable upon freeze-drying. The presence of DIVEMA in the PLGA nanoparticles improved their properties as the drug carrier. Thus, loading of the model drug doxorubicin was increased 2-fold and its release time was considerably extended. The enhanced surface functionality of the hybrid nanoparticles was demonstrated by a ~ 5-fold higher content of the surface-conjugated PEGylated bovine serum albumin as compared with the plain PLGA nanoparticles. The DIVEMA/PLGA NP exhibited low cytotoxicity and good hemocompatibility. This is the first study that describes the DIVEMA/PLGA NP and demonstrates their potential as the drug delivery system.
Studying the genomics of natural and restored populations of Acropora palmata is crucial for understanding their genetic diversity and the impact of conservation efforts
Authors: Alvarado-Cerón Viridiana , Prada Carlos , Gómez-Corrales Matías , Padilla-Souza Aurora Claudia , León-Pech María Geovana , Rivera-Madrid Renata , Arias-González Jesús Ernesto
Published: July 2024

Coral reef ecosystems in the Caribbean are on the brink of ecological collapse, largely due to the significant decline in once-abundant populations of Acropora species. For this reason, Acropora palmata is now classified as critically endangered by the IUCN. In response, restoration programs are in place, but assessment of the genomic diversity of colonies used for restoration has lagged. We studied the genome-wide variation of A. palmata using a low-coverage whole genome approach in Quintana Roo, Mexico. We collected over a hundred colonies across reefs spanning over 150 km, including one reef under active restoration efforts. Our analysis based on thousands of genome-wide markers, revealed high levels of genomic diversity with low levels of clonality. Remarkably, the reef under restoration showed genetic diversity comparable to the natural populations, while just one reef presented decreased genetic variability. Our results indicate gene flow among populations with subtle patterns of genetic differentiation, suggesting limiting geographic isolation. We demonstrate that coral restoration from naturally occurring fragments and sexual recruits encompasses sufficient genetic variation on par with that of natural populations. Therefore, we ascertain that current restoration efforts in Quintana Roo include enough genetic diversity to maintain nurseries and provide a viable long-term approach to restoring natural populations of decimated Acroporids in Mesoamerican reefs.
A Roadmap from the Bond Strength to the Grain-Boundary Energies and Macro Strength of Metals
Authors: Gao Wang , Li Xin , Wu Hao , Jiang Qing
Published: July 2024

Correlating the bond strength with the strength of metals is crucial for understanding mechanical properties and designing multi-principal-element alloys (MPEAs). Motivated by the role of grain boundaries in the strength of metals, we introduce a predictive model to determine the grain-boundary energies and strength of metals from the cohesive energy and atomic radius. This scheme originates from the d-band characteristics and broken-bond spirit of tight-binding models, and demonstrates that the repulsive/attractive effects play different roles in the variation of bond strength for different metals. Importantly, our framework not only applies to both pure metals and MPEAs, but also unravels the distinction of the bond strength caused by elemental compositions, lattice structures, high-entropy, and amorphous effects. These findings build a novel picture between bond strength grain-boundary energies and the strength of metals by using easily accessible material properties and provide a robust method for the design of high-strength alloys.
Immunostimulatory hydrogel with synergistic blockage of glutamine metabolism and chemodynamic therapy for postoperative management of glioblastoma
Authors: Li Junbai , Guo Yiran , Jiang Tianhe , Liang Sen , Wang Anhe , Li Jieling , Li Qi , Yin Jian , Bai Shuo , Jia Yi
Published: July 2024

Glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) stands as one of the most lethal malignant brain tumors affecting the central nervous system. Post-surgery, patients encounter daunting challenges like tumor recurrence, increased intracranial pressure due to cavitation, and constraints linked with immediate postoperative oral chemotherapy. Herein, we construct an injected peptide gel with in situ immunostimulatory functions to harmonize the regulation of glutamine metabolism and chemodynamic therapy in tackling the postoperative obstacles. The methodology entails crafting injectable gel scaffolds with short peptide molecules, incorporating the glutaminase inhibitor CB-839 and copper peptide self-assembled particles (Cu-His NPs) renowned for their chemodynamic therapy (CDT) efficacy. By fine-tuning glutamic acid production via metabolic pathways, our system not only heightens the therapeutic prowess of copper peptide particles in CDT but also escalates intracellular oxidative stress. This dual mechanism culminates in augmented immunogenic cell death (ICD) within glioblastoma multiforme cells and improves a conducive immune microenvironment. Anchored on the tenets of metabolic reprogramming, this treatment strategy showcases substantial promise in significantly curtailing GBM tumor recurrence, prolonging median survival in murine models.
As percepções dos estudantes sobre os alimentos orgânicos e como se veem socialmente para questionar o uso dos agrotóxicos
Authors: Oliveira Terezinha Marisa Ribeiro de , Amaral Carmem Lúcia Costa
Published: July 2024

A pandemia ocasionada pelo coronavírus SARS-CoV-2 e o consequente isolamento social proporcionaram uma corrida da escola básica para se adequar e estruturar o ambiente pedagógico de aprendizagem presencial ao virtual. Neste artigo apresentamos o resultado de uma pesquisa qualitativa desenvolvida na disciplina Eletivacujo objetivo analisar as percepções dos estudantes sobre alimentos orgânicos e o uso de agrotóxicos. Participaram dessa pesquisa 32 alunos do Ensino Médio de uma escola do interior de São Paulo. Suas percepções foram analisadas a partir de suas observações em um blog criado pela escola. Dessa forma, buscamos, por meio das respostas dos alunos, avaliar de que maneira eles entendem o seu papel na sociedade, e como, nas decisões políticas, eles se percebem como sujeitos de exercerem o seu direito à cidadania, como consta nas diretrizes curriculares do Ensino Médio. As análises das respostas dos discentes evidenciaram que os estudantes não se percebem como parte integrante do sistema e das decisões políticas, delegando ao governo o poder de legislar sobre problemas importantes que regem a vida em sociedade.