bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
A Brief Discussion on Sustainable Application Strategies of BIM Technology in Underground Space Development
Authors: Zhou Shixiang
Published: September 2024

With the acceleration of urbanization, the development of underground space has become an important way to alleviate the shortage of urban land and improve the comprehensive carrying capacity of the city. However, the development of underground space faces many challenges, such as technical difficulty, high cost and environmental impact. With its innovative application in engineering design, construction and management, building information modeling (BIM) technology provides a new solution for the efficient, safe and environmentally friendly development of underground space. The purpose of this study is to explore the application strategy of BIM technology in the development of underground space, and to analyze how it can promote the sustainability of underground space development.Firstly , this paper analyzes the current situation, challenges and the importance of sustainability of underground space development through literature review, and summarizes the development and application of BIM technology. Then, the principle and function of BIM technology are studied, and its application potential and strategy in the development of underground space are discussed. Through case analysis, the application of BIM technology in different stages of planning and design, construction management and operation and maintenance management is discussed in depth, and the application strategy and evaluation framework to promote the sustainability of underground space development are put forward. Finally, the , which provides a scientific basis for the decision-making of underground space development, and puts forward a series of practical suggestions for the application of BIM technology in underground space development. Despite the limitations of the study, such as the limited number of cases and the lack of discussion on the deep application of BIM technology, this study provides a new perspective and method for the sustainability of underground space development, which has important theoretical and practical significance for urban planners and engineering circles.
An Analysis of College Students' Employment Prospects: A Comprehensive Survey
Authors: Ip Yanting
Published: September 2024

In recent years, with the continuous improvement of China's education system, China's higher education has entered the stage of popularization, and the employment of college students has become a key issue of social concern. Through a questionnaire survey, this article finally surveyed 426 college students and 57 people in society. The results show that the most important things for college students when choosing a career are salary, benefits, and work intensity. When choosing a career, they care more about personal feelings. They expect employment cities to be evenly distributed. There is no statistical difference in understanding the society's salary for fresh college students (P>0.05). In terms of abilities valued by employers, the differences between college students and people from society are statistically significant in terms of professional abilities, communication skills, and teamwork (P<0.05), while in terms of academic qualifications, school performance, and personal interests, the difference between the two is not statistically significant (P>0.05). This article believes that college students should increase social practice, grasp social needs, and form a correct view of employment. Society should provide more opportunities for college students to understand jobs and increase work experience. The country should establish relevant policies to encourage college students to form a correct view of employment.
Thickly Planting Seeds of Attracting Talents and Breaking through the Difficult Soil of Retaining Talents A Study Based on 140 Natural Villages in Guandu Township, Zhanjiang City, Guangdong Province, China
Authors: Han Xingzhi , Lin Yuting
Published: September 2024

This research was carried out in the guiding background of the rural construction strategy and the important reports published in 2017, with seven categories of natural village residents of Guandu Town, Potou District, Zhanjiang City, local university students, rural construction cadres, government cadres, returning entrepreneurs, local industrial businessmen, and old and new vanguard members as the objects of the research, and was carried out through five major methods, including the interview survey method, the questionnaire survey method, the field survey method, and the case The research was carried out in five major ways, such as interview survey method, questionnaire survey method, field survey method and case study analysis method. After analyzing and summarizing the content of the research, we learned that there is a dilemma of talent construction in Guandu Town. This research aims to explore the current situation of talent in the construction of the countryside and the existing problems, through the Guandu Township as an example of its talent resources in the problem of targeted investigation and analysis, and further for the construction of the countryside to make the theoretical as well as practical impact and recommendations.
Optimization Path of Legal Construction in Chinese Traditional Medicine
Authors: Cao Wenze
Published: September 2024

Chinese traditional medicine, as an important component of China’s medicine, has a long history and wide-ranging applications in China. Currently, with the development of modern technology and social progress, the traditional Chinese medicine industry is facing new challenges. Issues such as the loss of traditional Chinese medicine resources and the misappropriation of related industries urgently need to be addressed. Comparing the differences in legal protection of traditional Chinese medicine domestically and internationally, there is considerable reference value in foreign legal protections for the traditional Chinese medicine industry (such as intellectual property protection). Through comparative studies, it is important to clarify the significance of legal construction in traditional Chinese medicine, strengthen the protection of traditional Chinese medicine resources and intellectual property, improve China’s legal system for traditional Chinese medicine, and promote the internationalization of legal construction in traditional Chinese medicine.
Challenges of Management and Outcome of Neonatal Medical Emergencies in a Peripheral Hospital, Bangladesh
Authors: Ferdous J
Published: September 2024

Background: Respiratory distress and desaturation remains a significant cause of neonatal intensive care admission ,althoughmanagement has evolved gradually over the years resulting in improving survival for the these neonates . Still 10% of neonatesrequire respiratory support immediately after delivery due to respiratory disorder, and up to 1% of neonates are in need ofresuscitation.

Objectives: The aim of the study is to present some fundamental steps of emergency neonatal management which includerapid identification and admission , followed by assessment for respiratory distress, hypoxemia and hypoglycemia ,initialstabilization when required and early administration of medications.

Methods: This hospital based retrospective study was conducted at Combined Military Hospital ,sylhet ,Bangladesh fromApril 2021 to September 2022 .A total 224 sick neonates shortly after delivery included for this study.

Results: From April ,2021 to september 2022, 917 newborn were born, of which 224 neonates were identified and admitted as a emergency cases immediate after delivery at combined military hospital,sylhet .Immediately after admission around allcases were assessed for hypoxemia ,hypoglycaemia and hypothermia.Around 66% were hypoxemic (preterm 71.4% ,22.3%in full term and 6.2% in post term ).There was male predominance 55% .Respiratory distress syndrome (RDS ) was found to bethe commonest 35.7% causes followed by persistent pulmonary hypertension with large patent ductus arteriosus(PPHN withPDA) 17.8% ,septicemia 16.9% ,meconium aspiration syndrome (MAS) 8.9%, transient tachypnea of newborn (TTN) 8%,congenital pneumonia 4.9% ,perinatal asphyxia (PNA) 3.5% , large atrial septal defect (ASD) with ventricular setal defect(VSD) 2.6% and 1.75% was hypoglycemic .All babies received immediately oxygenation . Bubble CPAP was required in 90(40.1%) cases. Vascular access was established in all cases and 2.6% neonates received medications bycentral (femoral) line.Mortality was 2( 0.8%) in neonates with respiratory distress due to respiratory distress syndrome with multiple congenitalanomalies . 2(0.8%) cases referred to tertiary hospital (Combined Military Hospital,Dhaka ) requiring mechanical ventilation.

Conclusion: Early and appropriate treatment seeking is one of the most important aspects for interrupting the pathways to neonatal deaths due to severe illness. In developing countries, the role of Paediatrician is multidimensional . paediatrician by early detection of risk factors and timely intervention can reduce significantly neonatal mortality rate.
Proportion of Thyroid Malignancy in Simple Multi-nodular Goiter: A Prospective Observational Study in Rajshahi Medical College Hospital
Authors: Islam MN
Published: September 2024

Background: Thyroid swelling is a common clinical problem throughout the world. Most of the swellings are benign but someare malignant. Epidemiologically ascertained risk factors for thyroid carcinoma are ionizing radiation, presence of thyroidadenoma and multi-nodular goiter.

Objectives: To determine the proportion and type of thyroid carcinoma in simple multi-nodular goiter after surgical resectionon histopathological basis.Materials and methods: This prospective observational study was carried out in the Department of Surgery and Otolaryngology and Head neck surgery of Rajshahi Medical College Hospital from January 2015 to December 2016.The studypopulation consisted of 200 patients who were diagnosed as a simple multi-nodular goiter. Among them 60 samples were fromsurgery and 140 samples from Head neck and otolaryngology wards. All the patients were admitted through OPD with routineplus investigations specific to thyroid including thyroid profile, ultrasonography of neck, FNAC of dominant nodule beforebeing subjected to surgery.

Results: Among 200 cases which were included in this study 22 (11%) containing foci of malignancy. Incidence of malignancycommonly occurs in females, papillary carcinoma is being the commonest entity.

Conclusion: The incidence of malignancy in simple multi-nodular goiter in this study was 11% that is quite high. So, peopleshould be educated and encouraged to attend the thyroid clinics for proper evaluation and early diagnosis of malignancy.
Diagnostic Accuracy of p16 Expression in Differentiating Cervical Intraepithelial Neoplasia from Invasive Squamous Cell Carcinoma: A Descriptive Analysis at a Tertiary Care Hospital of Bangladesh
Authors: Parvin S
Published: September 2024

Background: Cervical cancer is one of the most common cancers that affect women worldwide. It is well established thathigh-risk human papillomavirus (HR-HPV) is the prime risk factor for the development of cervical cancer. Early and accuratediagnosis of cervical neoplasia is of utmost significance for prolongation of patient survival. A panel of immunomarkers hasbeen developed and tested to overcome the limitations to histopathological diagnosis. Among them p16 is one of the commonlyused immunomarkers now-a-days. In recent years, routine haematoxylin and eosin (H & E) stain coupled with p16immunohistochemistry (IHC) have a major impact in the field of uterine cervical pathology and cancer screening.

Objectives: The present study was aimed to determine the p16 scores and its association with histological types, and grades ofISCC including diagnostic accuracy in differentiating ISCC from CIN lesions.

Materials and Methods: This descriptive type of cross-sectional study was conducted in the Department of Pathology,Rajshahi Medical College (RMC), Rajshahi, in collaboration with the Department of Pathology, Bangabandhu Sheikh MujibMedical University (BSMMU), Dhaka, during a period of two years from January 2019 to December 2020 by using routine H& E staining and p16 IHC analysis to evaluate the expression of p16 in samples of cervical biopsies from 51 patients withhistopathologically confirmed diagnosed cases of CIN and ISCC, considering the percentage of p16 positive cells and thereaction intensity.

Results: This study revealed that the aberrant expression of p16 increased from LSIL to ISCC, thus emphasizing its usefulnessas an adjunct marker for predicting risk of developing cervical cancer in the test patients. Most of the cases of ISCC in this studyexpressed high level of p16, while only one patient with LSIL failed to express the marker. Notably, 90% of LSIL cases werelow to moderate p16 positive, 100% of HSIL cases were moderate to high p16 positive, while most of the ISCC cases (81%) hadhigh p16 expression. Among p16 positive cases, this is an attempt to verify direct association between lesion severity andreaction intensity. The frequency of positive cells and the reaction intensity were statistically significant (P<0.001) whencompared among different histologic types. Most importantly, the present results clearly demonstrated that p16 IHC wascapable of differentiating ISCC from CIN cases.

Conclusion: In addition to routine H & E staining and histopathological diagnosis of cervical lesions, p16 immunomarkercould be used for risk assessment of histologically detected lesions and for distinguishing between ISCC and CIN specimenswhich, in turn, could help predict the progression of cervical lesions and thus monitor the screening of cervical cancer in thecommunity.
Fundamentals of Students Assessment and its Dimensions in Medical Education
Authors: Asaduzzaman AKM
Published: September 2024

Assessment is the measure of students' performance or it is the process of testing a student's ability. During all phases ofmedical education & practice, medical students and physicians are constantly being assessed for multiple purposes. In medicalschool, assessment should guide and promote learning by providing feedback to the student on how well progress is beingmade, assure the predetermined competence of the graduates produced by the school and help in developing a habit forcontinued learning. It is true that most teachers employ assessment as one of the most important motivators of medical students.Assessment is necessary at all the stages of a medical student's life. From selection into medical schools, yet it was only duringthe past three decades that assessment in medical school came to be accepted and studied as a rational and useful application ineducational science. The international, national & institutional centers of medical educational science & research have played avery significant role in this process of change. Therefore, it is now the desire of the most medical teachers to hear from theenlightened teachers views about numerous technical aspects of assessment, observe them constructing higher quality testinstruments and in general, spend more time attempting to improve the assessment techniques that they wish to use. As aconsequence it is natural that assessment instruments that are being used in medical schools have improved considerably &medical teacher have developed greater expertise in using more and more valid and reliable assessment procedures.

This article highlights the functional requirements of all assessments, assessment scheme, evaluation and the application ofassessment findings, four simple questions on quality improvement in assessment, blooms taxonomy, authentic assessmentand its difference with traditional assessment, The article also indicates the domain based tests & types /assessment tools,criteria / qualities of a good test, test construction, possible barriers and clues in test items, including five vital questions needsto be considered in relation to assessment as well
Squamous Cell Carcinoma Arising within Seborrhoeic Keratosis: A Case Report
Authors: Karim SN
Published: September 2024

Objectives: We observe that clinically apparent seborrheic keratoses may be associated with some form of histologically proven skin malignancy. The case represents a 70-year-old male who presented with clinically typical seborrhoeic keratosisthat later histological examination showed partially covered squamous cell carcinoma.

Methods: Clinical information was obtained from the patient's medical records. Five to eight H&E-stained sections wereavailable for evaluation of this case.

Findings: Histopathology of the lesion revealed thickened epidermis with full-thickness dysplasia, hyperchromatic nuclei,and abnormal mitoses with areas of maturation forming parakeratotic horny pearls and individually keratinized cells,confirming the diagnosis of squamous cell carcinoma.

Conclusions: The rapid growth or transformation of seborrheic keratosis may be a sign of the appearance of squamous cellcarcinoma.Keywords: Squamous Cell Carcinoma, Seborrhoeic Keratosis
A Case Study of Tension Pneumothorx: Secondary to Covid-19 Infection
Authors: Biswas MA
Published: September 2024

Corona-virus infection that arose from China is now a global pandemic. It presents with a variety of pulmonary manifestations,most commonly in the form of ground glass pulmonary lesions and opacities. Rare manifestation such as pnuemothorax hasbeen reported by some authors. This study report was for a 32-year-old woman with Corona-virus disease presenting withtension pneumothorax, a rare and life-threatening complication of Corona-virus infection that has not been reportedpreviously. In this case, after insertion of thoracostomy tube, the patient's symptoms improved. After about 1 year of Corona-virus pandemic, it still presents with some rare pulmonary and extra-pulmonary manifestations, so, familiarity with thesemanifestations is important for a correct diagnosis and treatment.
Climate Change and Its Impact on Health
Authors: Khandaker S
Published: September 2024

Without nature, human being is nothing. In spite of this,humans are destroying the environment and the livingcreatures that call our planet home at unprecedented ratesat our own peril. From increasing the threat of disease todisrupting our global food chain, biodiversity loss acrossthe globe is threatening the very foundation of our futureand the well-being of everyone, everywhere. Thecatastrophic effects of climate change on human health arealready on display like famines triggered by once-in-a-century droughts or flooding; death and suffering wroughtby some of the strongest hurricanes and heat waves in modern history.

Because habitat destruction brings humans and wildlifeinto closer contact, it dramatically increases our risk ofexposure to “zoonotic spillover,” which occurs whenpathogens- bacteria or viruses that cause disease jump fromanimals to humans. In fact, more than 75% of emerginginfectious diseases in humans are caused by pathogens thatoriginally circulated in animals, leading to millions ofdeaths each year. According to some estimates, as many as1.6 million viruses are contained within mammals andbirds across the globe, some of which could be deadly if or when they become transmissible to humans.
A Comparison of Dissection Method and Diathermy Cauterization Tonsillectomies
Authors: Rahman MS
Published: September 2024

Background: Tonsillectomy is one of the most common procedures performed by otolaryngologists. It is a surgical operationthat removes both Palatine tonsils from the tonsillar fossa. It is typically performed in youngsters for recurrent tonsillitis andtonsillar hypertrophy.

Objective: To compared the dissection and diathermy methods of tonsillectomy and evaluate their advantages anddisadvantages during surgery and convalescence.

Methods: This is was a retrospective analysis of 400 patients from January 2015 to January 2020 of otorhinolaryngologydepartment in Banga Bandhu Sheikh Mujib Medical Collage Hospital. Out of total 400 patients 200 patients underwenttonsillectomy by dissection method and rest 200 patients underwent electro cautery method. Data were generated through recordreview using a checklist. A total of 400 patients were analyzed in respect of operation methods, operation time, and amount ofblood loss, post operative complications, duration of hospital stay in addition to age & sex distribution separately for comparison.

Results: The overall hospital stayinng in both types was 1-3 days. The average intra operative blood loss was 5-7 ml withcautery and average 50 ml with dissection method. The average operative time was 25-30 minutes with dissection method and10-15 minutes with cautery. We found higher amounts of blood loss and intra - operative time with dissection method thanelectrocautery. The Chance of Secondary haemorrhage was more in electro - cautery method than dissection method. Pain,Scar formation, odynophagia were more in cauterization method. Complete healing time was more in cauterization methodthan dissection method. There was no death in both methods.Conclusion: Although per- operative blood loss, operative time were less in cauterization method but post operative bleeding,pain, odynophagia and infection were more in electro cauterization method. In both methods, there were some advantages andsome disadvantages.
Low Serum Magnesium Level and Complications in Acute Myocardial Infarction
Authors: Wahid SB
Published: September 2024

Background: Magnesium has been considered as an important factor in the pathogenesis of acute myocardial infarction and itscomplications. Magnesium ions are essential for the maintenance of functional integrity of myocardium. It also improvesvascular tone, after load and cardiac output, decreases peripheral vascular resistance and cardiac arrhythmias. Serummagnesium concentration has great significance in acute myocardial infarction.

Materials and Methods: This cross-sectional descriptive study was conducted in the Department of Pharmacology &Therapeutics, Rajshahi Medical College in collaboration with the Cardiology department, RMCH between July 2019 to June2020 to measure the serum magnesium level of the patients and to compare the levels with complications. 50 patients of acuteMI included through purposive sampling technique. Data were collected using a checklist from laboratory report.

Results: The meanlevel of serum magnesium was 1.70 +/- 0.37 mg/dl in complicated cases. Serum magnesium level was 2.25 +/- 0.15 mg/dl in patients without any complications which was significantly higher than the patients who had multiplecomplications (P<0.001). These observations suggest that in acute myocardial infarction, patients with low magnesium levelsare more prone to get complications.

Conclusion: On basis of findings it can be concluded that, low serum magnesium level can play a crucialrole inprogression ofadverse squeals in acute myocardial infarction.
Nasofacial Anthropometric Study among Adult Santals and Bangalees of Northern Area of Bangladesh
Authors: Tahura S
Published: September 2024

Introduction: Anthropology is the science of human body morphology.In forensic medicine, anthropometric measurementsare usually used to identify an individual.Medical scientists, as well as anthropology experts, use facial measurements forseveral purposes such as identification of congenital and traumatic abnormalities.Facial measurements are interestingly variedbetween diverse races and ethnicities.

Objective: The objective of this study was to determine the facial and nasal anthropometric measurements of adult Santals and Bangalees residing in Northern area of Bangladesh and to determine their status in relation to other population studied elsewhere.

Design: It was a cross sectional comparative study.

Material sand Method: This cross sectional study was conducted in the anatomy department of Rajshahi Medical College,during the period of January 2021 to December 2021.This study was performed on 300 individuals (150 Bangalee and 150Santal) with normal craniofacial configuration, without history of trauma in the face and no history of nose and face cosmeticsurgery such as Septoplasty or Septorhinoplasty..Purposive sampling technique was adopted in this study.

Results: Most common type of face in both the Santals (92%) and the Bangalee (99.30%) respondents in Northern area of Bangladesh was Hyperleptoprosopic type of face. Leptorrhine type was predominant (84%) nasal type among the Bangaleeand 51.30% Mesorrhine and 48% Platyrrhine type were predominant nasal type among the adult Santals.

Conclusions: Findings of this study will provide to build database for nasofacial, maxillofacial, cosmetic surgeons &orthodontist which help them in making diagnosis of congenital and traumatic nasofacial anomalies & planning theirreconstructive surgeries. The findings of the study may also help forensic experts in identifying the victims and assailants ofcriminal cases.
Common Health Problems among Geriatric Patients Attended in Dhaka Medical College Hospital, Bangladesh
Authors: Hossain MM
Published: September 2024

Background: The average life expectancy in the world is increasing dramatically for quite a few years. Over 13 million peoplein Bangladesh are over 60 years old as of 2019, accounting for 8% of the country's overall population. Health care among thesegroups of people is not very much concerned yet especially about non communicable diseases which are increasing globallyday by day. This study aimed to find out the common health problems among the geriatric patients attended in Dhaka MedicalCollege Hospital, Bangladesh.

Objective: The objective of the study was to find out the common health problems among geriatric patients admitted in DhakaMedical College Hospital.

Methods: This descriptive type of cross-sectional study was conducted among 149 patients of the outdoor and indoordepartments of Dhaka Medical College Hospital, aged 60 years and above during the period from November 2021 to April2022. Data were collected through face-to-face interviews using a pretested semi- structured questionnaire. The questionnaireincluded socio-demographic data and status of common health problems among elderly population. Then data were cleanedchecked and analyzed according to objective.

Results: The survey revealed that 83.22% of respondents were 60-70 years old. Maximum respondents were illiterate(40.27%) and came from rural areas (71.14%). Approximate 57.72% of sons were principal earning members and 36% of sonswere the principal caregivers of the respondents. Fifty-one percent of geriatric patients (both male and female) hadhypertension, visual impairment 48.3%, joint pain 45% and diabetes mellitus 35%. Most importantly, the proportion of femalepatients was more who suffered from hypertension (57%), visual impairment (53%), diabetes mellitus (42%), cardiovasculardiseases, and memory loss. Joint pain was found in the same proportion both in males and females. Male suffered more fromrespiratory diseases, hearing problems, and COVID-19 than females.

Conclusion: This study showed a significant proportion of the geriatric patients suffered from different types of non-communicable diseases such as hypertension, visual impairment, diabetes mellitus, joint pain, respiratory diseases, etc. It istherefore demands more attention to be paid in making geriatric people-focused health care services at all levels.
Morphometric Study of Length of Intertrochanteric Line and Intertrochanteric Crest of Femur in Bangladeshi Population
Authors: Shanto RA
Published: September 2024

Background: Intertrochanteric line and Intertrochanteric crest are important features of the proximal femur provideattachment sites for some muscles and ligaments and holds great clinical significance.

Objectives: The aim of our study is to measure & describe the various morphometric parameters that can throw further light onthe existing data. It can serve as a guideline for designing better matched prostheses and implants for hip surgeries in theBangladeshi population.

Methods: This cross-sectional, descriptive type of study was performed in Department of Anatomy, Mymensingh MedicalCollege, Mymensingh, from January 2019 to December 2019 on 150 dry femora. Sample collection was done by purposivesampling technique. Any damaged, incompletely ossified and fractured bones were excluded. Data were statistically analyzedby using SPSS software, version 27.

Results: The mean(+/-SD) length of intertrochanteric line of right and left femur was 60.02 (+/-6.32) mm and 60.49 (+/-7.16) mm. Themean(+/-SD) length of intertrochanteric crest of right and left femur was 52.66 (+/-5.30) mm and 50.09(+/-5.91) mm. respectively.
Pre-analytical Variables: A Potential Source of Laboratory Error
Authors: Sadat MN
Published: September 2024

Clinical laboratories have a great role in the management of patients. To ensure quality test results laboratories need to maintainstandards in all the three phase of total testing process- pre analytical, analytical and post-analytical. With the advancement ofmodern technologies analytical and post-analytical errors have been reduced significantly but pre-analytical errors are stillvery common, which can be as high as 71% of total error rate. This is because; many of the steps in this phase are related tohuman activities and outside of the laboratories that are not under the direct control of laboratory. Pre-analytical errors canoccur during test ordering by the physicians, patient preparation, sample collection, transportation or during processing of thesample. Though most of the errors in this phase remain within the reference limit but 25% can produce erroneous results thatcan affect patient health. In order to minimize errors in this phase it is mandatory to check and identify the sources of pre-analytical errors.
A Case of Metastatic Papillary Carcinoma with Occult Papillary Thyroid Carcinoma in a Young Male
Authors: Parvin S
Published: September 2024

Papillary thyroid carcinoma (PTC) accounts for about 80% of all thyroid malignancies. It tends to have a female preponderancerd thand usually present in the 3 to the 5 decades of life as a slow growing midline swelling. Cervical metastases are common,blood borne being rare. This case was a 25 year-old male who presented with cervical lymphadenopathy and was diagnosedinitially by FNAC (Fine Needle Aspiration Cytology) as metastatic papillary carcinoma of cervical lymph node that wassecondary to an occult papillary carcinoma of the thyroid. The patient underwent total thyroidectomy with bilateral neck nodedissection and the specimen was sent for histopathology. Histopathologic diagnosis corresponded to that of the FNAC.
Physical Activity and Academic Performance among Medical Students of Bangladesh
Authors: Nargis S  , Roy HL  , Gosh E  , Shimi SH
Published: September 2024

Background: Physical activity has many positive benefits not only in the physical state but also stimulates brain activity and influences cognitive function leading to better academic performance.

Aims and Objectives: To find out the relationship between physical activity and academic performance among medical students of Bangladesh in addition to BMI.

Materials and Methods: This cross-sectional study was conducted among 200 medical students from a selected medical college in Bangladesh, during a period of one year from February 2022 to January 2023. A semi-structured questionnaire, checklist, and International Physical Activity Questionnaire Short Form (IPAQ-SF) were used to collect the data.

Results: The majority of the respondents were between 22-24 years old (60%). Most participants (72.5%) had a healthy body weight, and a significant proportion of students reported moderate (61.5%) or low (28.5%) levels of physical activity. Overall present academic performance, the majority (95.5%) of respondents passed regularly significant association was found between physical activity and academic performance.

Conclusion: This study suggests that medical colleges in Bangladesh should incorporate physical activity promotion into their curricula and provide facilities to support increased physical activity among students.
Timing of Surgery and the Risk of Complications in Acute Appendicitis
Authors: Islam MN  , Sarkar P  , Islam MS  , Kudrat-e-khuda I M  , Hussain MT  , Datta KK  , Benarjee S
Published: September 2024

Background: Delays surgery in patients with acute appendicitis there may be increase the risk of various complications. These risks must be balanced with the theoretical risk of night time operations.

Objective: To evaluate the effect of time of surgery for acute appendicitis on surgical outcomes to optimize the timing of appendectomies.

Materials and methods: This was a cross-sectional comparative study carried out in the Department of Surgery of Diabetic Association Medical college Hospital Faridpur from January 2016 to December 2021.The study population consisted of 400 patients who were diagnosed as acute appendicitis. They were separated in 2 groups according to timing of surgery, under 24 hours (group A) and 24 to 96 hours (group B) from the time of symptoms appear and had their rate of complications like perforation of appendix, post operative paralytic ileus, pelvic abscess, infection of surgical wound assessed.

Result: One hundred forty patients underwent surgery less than 24 hours after symptoms appear (group A) and Two hundred sixty patients were operated between 24 to 96 hours of symptoms appearance. Groups A and B had significant difference regarding the complications.

Conclusions: In our study, timing of surgery for acute appendicitis had great impact on the occurrence of complications.
Effect of Online Class during COVID- 19 in Dhaka
Authors: Chowdhury NS  , Adrita EA  , Jahan H  , Khanam S  , Khanduker S  , Chowdhury NN
Published: September 2024

Background: The whole world is fighting the coronavirus, which has spread to nearly every point of the globe over the first three months of 2020. To control this quick spread, many countries were prosecuted for lockdown that caused a significant impact on all aspects of our daily lives. As the virus is spreading across the country, more than 90% of enrolled students were affected by some kind of limitation posed by the educational institutions, with more than a billion impacted around the world.

Objective: To assess the effect of online classes among secondary school students during COVID-19.

Methods: This was a Descriptive type of cross-sectional study. It was conducted from September 2022 to November 2022. Data were collected using self-administered structured questionnaire consisting of information about socio-demographic data and information about effect of online classes during COVID-19. The data were processed by computer and statistical analysis of data was carried out by using SPSS (Statistical Package for Social Science). A total of 100 participants participated in the study.

Result: Result showed that among 100 respondents' majority were in class ten (58.0%). Most of the respondents were female (52.0%) and all respondents were Muslim. 95.0% mentioned that they had the facility of online classes which was arranged by their school authority. 50.0% students enjoyed the online classes and agreed that they were benefited by online class. Most of the respondents 71.0% thought that online classes are not easy to understand for study material. 69.0% respondents expressed that physical classroom education is much better than online class. Majority 92.0% respondents were believed that online classes are effective during global emergency situation.

Conclusion: COVID-19 crisis on education system was unprecedented, which eventually became a reason to transform the physical classroom learning into online classes. From the findings of this study state that, students lost the motivation to participate in the online classes because of poor internet connection, monotonous nature of classes and lack of proper guidelines. Course curriculum must be informative and attentive. Must focus on the importance of teachers training about new teaching material of online education which is needed for encouraging student participation. This study strongly recommends for making the online classes more effective and inclusive by planning strategic method for the course curriculum of online education.
Preventive Strategies in Geriatric Medicine: A Comprehensive Review
Authors: Rahman MM
Published: September 2024

Majority of people above age of 60 live in rural areas with lack of adequate health services, economic and social services, andhaving limited work opportunities for this group of people. The growing trends towards the nuclear family making childrenlive in the city or abroad are putting the elderly parents under vulnerability. The goal of geriatric medicine is to enhance thequality of life for aged by focusing on prevention and comprehensive management of age-related disorders. The proportion ofgeriatric (age above 60 years) populations has been increasing day by day. It was 11.3% in 2022 (Bangladesh Bureau ofStatistics, 2023). Therefore, geriatricians have the prospective wider scope to help their clients in maintaining their health,independence, and well-being in particular. Aged people suffer from multiple health problems like; weakness, tooth problem,hearing problem, vision problem, body ache, back pain, rheumatic pain and stiffness in joint, dementia, prolonged cough,breathing difficulty, asthma, palpitation, high blood pressure and micturation difficulties in addition to long term noncommunicablediseases, in addition to psychological & social problems in particular. These groups of people are vulnerable toabuse, isolation, economy, illness emotion, family burden including decrease body resistance, chronic diseases, and detachedfamily members. In addition absence of strong social security system, less employment opportunity, high treatment cost, andabsence of adequate health facilities for elderly, lack of laws for elderly people, and friendly environments in the society. In thiscontext improved geriatric medicine practice can enhance the quality of life for the aged by focusing on prevention andcomprehensive management of age-related disorders through holistic approach. Geriatricians would be able to help theirconsumers in maintaining their health, independence, and well-being by well trained & coordinated multidisciplinary teamapproach utilizing all levels of health care delivery system in the country in particular.
A Case of Large Cervical Leiomyoma
Authors: Khanam S
Published: September 2024

Uterine Leiomyoma or Myoma or commonly favorite named Fibroid is a most common entity of genital organ tumor. It isalmost benign tumor of smooth muscle origin where smooth muscle fiber and fibrous connective tissue intermingled togetheroften found in uterus. Although it is a disease of nulliparous but in perspective of our country it diagnosed in patient's havingone or two child because of early marrital status. Tumor varies in number 1-200 and also varies different clinical features andseverity depending site of presentation. Leiomyoma is generally slowly progressive disease but sometimes it grows veryrapidly. With the advent of Ultrasonography it is incidentally diagnosed often with asymptomatic cases. UsuallyUltrasonography is the single most predictor of investigation1 from very early cases although MRI is helpful.

Asymptomatic large Fibroid present with various unusual symptoms like pressure symptom of surrounding structure or feelingof heaviness of lower abdomen or fullness of abdomen. Large cervical Fibroid is a uncommon presentation with mainly urinarydifficulties where patients chief complaints is frequent micturation and incomplete voiding of urine without significantmenstrual abnormalities. The described cases for urinary complain patient consulted with urologist and referred as a largecervical Fibroid diagnosed by sonography. This article illustrates a case of 34 years old lady present with frequent micturationand incomplete voiding of urine that developed last 5-6 months duration. Total abdominal hysterectomy performed,histologically the specimen showed benign uterine leiomyoma. Post operative circumstance uneventful evaluation occur andpatient back to home with normal duration hospital stay.
A Greedy Probabilistic Heuristic for Graph Black-and-White Anticoloring
Authors: Berend Daniel , Mamana Shaked
Published: September 2024

Given a graph $G$ and positive integers $b$ and $w$, the Black-and-White Coloring problem asks about the existence of a partial vertex-coloring of $G$, with $b$ vertices colored black and $w$ white, such that there is no edge between a black and a white vertex. The problem is known to be NP-complete.
In this paper, we deal with the optimization version, mainly for random graphs. Using the method of conditional expectations, we develop a heuristic with a good performance. We also obtain theoretical results on some of the relevant quantities, and compare the performance of the heuristic with that of several others.
OCNOS, una colección de poesía transatlántica: sus obras hispanoamericanas y la participación de José Agustín Goytisolo como mediador literario
Authors: Bustamante Escalona Fernanda
Published: September 2024

El objetivo de este artículo es atender a la labor que desempeñaron, durante los años setenta del siglo XX, en la divulgación y edición de la poesía hispanoamericana en España, en su condición de dispositivos colectivos y particulares de mediación literaria, la colección barcelonesa de poesía, OCNOS, su fundador y director Joaquín Marco y el poeta barcelonés José Agustín Goytisolo, quien formó parte de su equipo de redacción.
Tres novelas migrantes (Italia-España-Argentina): "El mar que nos trajo" (2001) de Griselda Gambaro, "La abuela civil española" (2015) de Andrea Stefanoni y "El sistema del tacto" (2018) de Alejandra Costamagna
Authors: Ferrús Antón Beatriz
Published: September 2024

Este trabajo analiza tres novelas escritas por mujeres que recorren diferentes momentos en la historia de las migraciones a Argentina de españoles e italianos en las primeras décadas del siglo xx. Se presta atención al papel que juegan las protagonistas femeninas, precarizadas por razones de género, al trabajo de elaboración de una memoria familiar y afectiva, a través de cartas, recuerdos y objetos, así como a los procesos de construcción de nuevas comunidades reimaginadas.
Imágenes errantes en dos dramaturgas chilenas: María Asunción Requena e Isidora Aguirre
Authors: Gutiérrez Pía
Published: September 2024

Este artículo propone una revisión de dos piezas: "Mi primo Federico" (1997) de Isidora Aguirre y "Oceánica y dulce Patagonia" (2019), obra póstuma de María Asunción Requena, bajo el influjo de imágenes teatrales y biográficas que se cruzan en la relación con España. Esta lectura intenta pensar primero una red entre ambas dramaturgas en su contexto de producción y luego la condición errante (Quintana) que emerge en torno a las imágenes construidas en la poética de las dos artistas. Finalmente, los personajes femeninos y su potencia como personajes con derecho a la acción, que es esbozada en ambas obras, proponen un punto de encuentro que posiciona a las dramaturgas en la escena de producción del Chile del siglo XX.
Un archivo entre dos continentes: las tramas exiliares de Aída Bortnik en España
Authors: Manduca Ramiro , Saura-Clares Alba
Published: September 2024

La última dictadura cívico-militar en Argentina (1976-1983) dejó, entre las muchas consecuencias de la exacerbada violencia estatal, un importante éxodo ciudadano. Entre los numerosos artistas escénicos que vivieron este desplazamiento forzado, encontramos a Aída Bortnik, quien mantuvo en España una activa agenda de trabajo desde 1976 hasta 1979. Es a partir de la lectura de los archivos inéditos recuperados tras su fallecimiento, y organizados gracias al proyecto de "Las cajas de Aída" (2019), que se cartografía su desarrollo profesional, los proyectos culturales –teatrales y televisivos– realizados o ideados, poniendo hincapié en el efecto del destierro en su escritura, tanto durante ese tiempo como a su regreso a Argentina. Además, el análisis de la trayectoria de Bortnik habilita la reflexión sobre las redes, vínculos y contactos que posibilitaron que España fuera un país de acogida durante la dictadura argentina. Metodológicamente, se trabaja desde una práctica archivística que recompone los materiales hallados y establece un estudio crítico de los mismos y su puesta en diálogo. Unido a ello, se recomponen las coordenadas históricas del exilio argentino y se analizan los proyectos gestados por Bortnik en este período desde la perspectiva de los estudios culturales. En última instancia, esta reconstrucción permite realizar un análisis de su producción teatral y cinematográfica y observar el efecto del destierro como temática en la misma.
Un cóndor italiano en el ojal: Fernando Iwasaki, entre España, Italia y América Latina
Authors: Valero Juan Eva
Published: September 2024

En el marco del diálogo literario entre Italia, América Latina y España, el escritor Fernando Iwasaki adquiere especial relevancia por su capacidad de vincular estas tres nacionalidades y culturas a través de una serie de textos y conferencias producidos en el nuevo milenio. El presente artículo se centra en el análisis de una selección de los mismos, tales como algunos de los que conforman su obra Brevetes de historia universal del Perú (2021) y de Sevilla, sin mapa (2021), artículos como el dedicado al mito de don Juan en el que establece su relación con Nápoles (“Don Juan como capricho napolitano”, 2022) o la conferencia dedicada en 2010 a Italo Calvino en Casa de América. Este conjunto de textos y conferencias son paradigmáticos del pensamiento transnacional de Iwasaki y establecen un rico diálogo entre las literaturas y culturas de Italia, España y América Latina. Dicho diálogo destaca por su profundidad en señalar puntos de encuentro, ejes vertebradores de tradiciones y mitos, viajes de ida y vuelta de personajes de una historia compartida, migraciones, exilios y cruces entre las obras y el pensamiento de autores de diversas épocas y latitudes de la mentada tríada “latina”. Para el análisis de este diálogo resulta necesario, asimismo, introducir la biografía española de Iwasaki, recordar su enfoque en “La Mancha extraterritorial” sobre la literatura escrita en español, sintetizar el diálogo constante entre España y América Latina en sus obras ficcionales y ensayísticas, y amplificar dicho diálogo hacia la literatura universal presente en las mismas. En esta dimensión universal destaca la relación del autor con Italia, objeto de análisis de la parte medular de este artículo, en la que ocupa un espacio central el estudio de las claves latinoamericanas presentes en la conferencia de Iwasaki sobre Italo Calvino. Tal estudio permite contornear y desarrollar las relaciones entre Calvino y la literatura latinoamericana apuntados por Iwasaki desde su característica mirada, minuciosa y clarividente, así como concluir sobre los íntimos vínculos entre la obra de Calvino y la del propio conferenciante.