bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
ŚWIADCZENIA OPIEKUŃCZE DLA OPIEKUNÓW DOROSŁYCH OSÓB Z NIEPEŁNOSPRAWNOŚCIAMI – PRZYKŁAD NIEKONSEKWENTNEJ POLITYKI PAŃSTWA
Authors: Borski Maciej
Published: December 2020

Zapewnienie efektywnego systemu wsparcia organów władzy publicznej dla dorosłych osób z niepełnosprawnościami i ich opiekunów powinno być podstawowym zadaniem państwa. Tymczasem analiza istniejących regulacji prawnych prowadzi do wniosku, że brak w tym zakresie przemyślanych rozwiązań systemowych, zaś wprowadzone instrumenty wsparcia cechuje przypadkowość i incydentalność. Celem autora było uzasadnienie sformułowanej tezy o niekonsekwentnej polityce państwa w zakresie świadczeń opiekuńczych przyznawanych opiekunom dorosłych osób z niepełnosprawnościami. W tym celu wskazuje on, że rodziny osób z niepełnosprawnościami traktowane są przez państwo skrajnie nierówno. Wysokość pomocy zależy od tego, czy niepełnosprawność była stwierdzona w dzieciństwie (wtedy pomoc jest wyższa), czy w wieku dorosłym (bo jest to skutek np. wypadku komunikacyjnego). Niekonsekwencję tę autor ukazuje, zderzając istniejące regulacje normatywne z orzecznictwem sądów administracyjnych. Całość zaś osadza w kontekście dwóch przełomowych orzeczeń Trybunału Konstytucyjnego, które do dziś nie zostały przez ustawodawcę wykonane.
PRAWNA EWOLUCJA TREŚCI RYZYKA EMERYTALNEGO – GŁOS W DYSKUSJI
Authors: Słomiński Kamil
Published: December 2020

Ustawowa treść ryzyka emerytalnego ma pierwszorzędne znaczenie dla zasad realizacji prawa do emerytury. Już od końca XIX w. można zaobserwować kształtowanie się odrębności ryzyka emerytalnego względem pozostałych zdarzeń ubezpieczeniowych. Kluczowe znaczenie dla określenia zasięgu ochrony ma konstrukcja zawieszenia prawa do świadczenia. Doktryna prawa ubezpieczeń społecznych uznaje, że regulacja zawieszenia prawa do emerytury powinna uniemożliwiać łączenie świadczenia z zarobkami. Ryzyko emerytalne powinno być określone jako prawo do zaprzestania pracy po osiągnięciu wieku emerytalnego. Polski ustawodawca często zmienia treść zdarzenia ubezpieczeniowego, co wywołuje spory dotyczące rzeczywistego sformułowania ryzyka. Ponowne wprowadzanie regulacji zawieszenia prawa do emerytury do ustawy emerytalnej wiąże się także z problemami intertemporalnymi i zagadnieniem ochrony praw nabytych.
UMOWA O DOFINANSOWANIE JAKO SZCZEGÓLNY TYP UMOWY STOSOWANEJ PRZEZ POLSKĄ AGENCJĘ ROZWOJU PRZEDSIĘBIORCZOŚCI W POSTĘPOWANIU W SPRAWIE UDZIELENIA WSPARCIA W ŚWIETLE KONCEPCJI UMOWY ADMINISTRACYJNEJ W POLSKIEJ I W NIEMIECKIEJ DOKTRYNIE PRAWA.STUDIUM PRZYPAD
Authors: Sancewicz Paweł
Published: December 2020

Celem niniejszego artykułu jest analiza umów stosowanych przez Polską Agencję Przedsiębiorczości w postępowaniach w sprawach udzielania wsparcia finansowego. Przeanalizowane zostały zarówno umowy cywilnoprawne, jak i umowy o dofinansowanie zawierane przez PARP.

Umowy o dofinansowanie zawierane przez PARP zostały porównane do konstrukcji teoretycznej umowy administracyjnej. Umowy przy pomocy których PARP udziela pomocy finansowej charakteryzują się specyficznymi cechami, ponieważ treść takich umów jest normowana prawem publicznym (umowa o dofinansowanie, umowa o udzielenie pomocy finansowej). Ponadto, jakkolwiek przy zawieraniu takich umów można wyróżnić element negocjacyjno-uzgodnieniowy, to w ich przypadku nie wyeliminowano w pełni waloru władczości. Przy udzielaniu takiej pomocy publicznej podmiotowi administracji, jakim jest PARP przysługuje istotny zakres uznania administracyjnego.

Przeprowadzona w artykule analiza podstaw normatywnych udzielania pomocy publicznej przez PARP skłania do wniosku, że ustawodawca kształtuje dwuetapową procedurę, zgodnie z którą zawarcie umowy dotyczącej pomocy finansowej jest poprzedzone czynnością z zakresu administracji publicznej, będącą prawną formą działania podmiotów administracji (w formie pisemnej informacji).
NADPŁATA A PONIESIENIE CIĘŻARU EKONOMICZNEGO PODATKU W POLSKIM PRAWIE PODATKOWYM
Authors: Popławski Mariusz
Published: December 2020

Podstawowym celem niniejszego opracowania jest przedstawienie mankamentów obecnych przepisów dotyczących nadpłaty w prawie podatkowym wynikających z braku jednoznacznego uregulowania sytuacji, gdy nadpłata powstaje u podatnika, który nie ponosi jednak ciężaru ekonomicznego podatku. Oprócz tego przedmiotem artykułu jest również wskazanie kierunków zmian legislacyjnych, które mogłyby eliminować te mankamenty. Z niniejszego opracowania wynika, że na gruncie obecnych przepisów ordynacji podatkowej brak jest jednoznacznej regulacji, która jednoznacznie rozstrzyga, czy podatnik, u którego powstanie nadpłata (zapłaci podatek nienależnie lub uiści go w wysokości wyższej od należnej), powinien móc odzyskać tę kwotę jako nadpłatę w przypadku, gdy podmiot ten nie poniósł ciężaru ekonomicznego danego podatku. Zasadne jest zatem wprowadzenie rozwiązań legislacyjnych, które wyeliminują ów mankament. Wprowadzane rozwiązania powinny skutkować tym, że nadpłata nie powinna być zwracana podatnikowi, który nie poniósł ciężaru ekonomicznego podatku. Kształtując przepisy dotyczące nadpłaty w aspekcie ciężaru ekonomicznego podatku, z pewnością pomocne będą propozycje legislacyjne przygotowane w ramach tzw. nowej ordynacji podatkowej przez Komisję Kodyfikacyjną Ogólnego Prawa Podatkowego.
EPISTULA HADRIANI ‘AD PERGAMENOS’
Authors: Tadajczyk Konrad
Published: December 2020

EPISTULA HADRIANI ‘AD PERGAMENOS’
Covid-19 Günlerinde Bireylerin Psikolojik Sağlamlık Düzeylerinin Bazı Değişkenler Açısından İncelenmesi
Authors: Kımter Nurten
Published: December 2020

Covid-19 salgını ilk kez Çin’in Wuhan kentinde 2019 yılının Aralık ayında ortaya çıkmıştır. Daha sonra hızla dünyanın pek çok ülkesine yayılarak milyonlarca kişinin enfekte olmasına, yüzbinlerce kişinin ölmesine yol açmaya devam etmektedir. Tüm dünyada ve ülkemizde aylardır süren Covid-19 salgınının, tüm dünya ülkeleri, toplumlar ve bireyler üzerinde çok yönlü olarak etkileri mevcuttur. Covid-19 salgının bireyler ve toplumlar üzerindeki etkilerinin, özellikle siyasi, sosyal, ekonomik, psikolojik ve dini yaşam alanlarında ön plana çıktığını söyleyebiliriz. Bu araştırmanın temel amacı ise; Covit-19 salgın sürecinde bireylerin cinsiyet, yaş, eğitim seviyesi, gelir düzeyleri, öznel dindarlık algısı vb. gibi sosyo-demografik ve kültürel özellikleri ile psikolojik sağlamlık düzeyleri arasında ne gibi ilişki ve farklılıklar olduğunu ortaya koymaktır. Araştırma, “nicel araştırma deseni” ve anket tekniği kullanılarak ilişkisel ve deskriptif tarzda gerçekleştirilmiştir. Araştırma kapsamında hazırlanan, 18 yaş ve üstü bireyler üzerinde online olarak gerçekleştirilen anket formunda, katılımcıların cinsiyet, yaş, gelir ve eğitim gibi sosyo-demografik ve kültürel özelliklerini tespit etmeye yönelik sorulara yer verilmiştir. Ayrıca katılımcıların Covid-19 salgını günlerinde psikolojik sağlamlık düzeylerini ölçmeye yönelik olarak Psikolojik Sağlamlık Ölçeğine yer verilmiştir. Araştırma sonunda elde edilen ham veriler SPSS 25 paket programına aktarılmıştır. Akabinde araştırmanın temel amacı yönelik hipotezleri test etmek için t-testi, varyans analizi ve korelasyon gibi tekniklerden yararlanılmıştır. Araştırmanın sonunda bireylerin sosyo-demografik ve kültürel özellikleri ile psikolojik sağlamlık düzeyleri arasında istatiksel olarak anlamlılık düzeyinde farklar ve ilişkiler olduğu tespit edilmiştir.
Times New Roman 9 punto ve tek paragraf halinde yazılmalıdır. Makalenin giriş, gelişme ve sonuç bölümlerini içermelidir. En fazla 300 kelimeden oluşmalıdır. Türkçe öz bir sayfayı aşmamalıdır. Özette ara başlıklara, atıflara ve kaynakçaya yer verilmemelidir.
Pharmacological Treatments for Diabetic Foot Disease: Current State and Future Perspectives
Authors: Vas Prashanth R.J. , Vainieri Erika , Patel Natasha
Published: December 2020

The care of the individual with diabetic foot disease (DFD) represents a significant challenge. In addition
to the primary foot pathology, individuals with DFD are frequently compromised by multiple co-existent
medical complications. Successful management of DFD, therefore requires simultaneous addressal of these issues
alongside high-quality foot care. We explore the pharmacological treatments in DFD with an emphasis on
the emerging putative technologies centred on addressing the pathobiology of wound healing but also discuss
developments in infection control, Charcot neuroarthropathy, cardiovascular and diabetes care. Many of these
will have a significant impact on future treatment paradigms and how we amalgamate these novel technologies
may help shape the standard of care in DFD hereafter. However, there is a need for better quality of evidence
and cost-effectiveness data prior to widespread adoption into routine care is considered.
Impact of Guidelines on Hypertension Control in the Elderly
Authors: Rita Del Pinto , Dobre Mirela , Pagliacci Silvia , Ferri Claudio
Published: December 2020

Background.:

Hypertension control is a crucial measure to reduce cardiovascular (CV) risk, and blood pressure (BP) treatment targets have been recently revised to address this issue. However, achieving the recommended goal may be challenging.

Objective.:

We aimed to assess the prevalence of uncontrolled hypertension according to the US hypertension guidelines among elderly participants in an Italian nationwide epidemiological survey, the relevant clinical correlates, and the agreement with the application of the European guidelines.

Methods.:

Elderly (≥65y) volunteers enrolled in an Italian nationwide survey underwent BP measurement using standard protocols. Uncontrolled hypertension was defined as BP≥130/80 mmHg. Agreement of this definition with those from European guidelines (≥140/90 mmHg; ≥140/80 mmHg) was tested using Cohen’s kappa. Self-reported information on modifiable/non-modifiable CV risk factors was also collected.

Results.:

Of the 13,162 treated hypertensive elderly, 69.8% had uncontrolled hypertension. They tended to be
overweight/obese men with diabetes. Overall agreement between US and European guidelines was poor to good
(κ = 0.289, p<0.001 and κ = 0.691, p<0.001 based on the 140/90 and 140/80 mmHg threshold, respectively).
Elderly participants with controlled hypertension were more likely to report a history of CV or chronic kidney
disease. No difference in lifestyle habits was observed by BP control status.

Conclusion.:

Real-world data identify limited concordance between guidelines in terms of BP target achievement among older hypertensive Italians and highlights the need of spreading awareness of the CV risk, especially in the presence of diabetes and obesity.
Structural Insights into the IL12:IL12 Receptor Complex Assembly by
Molecular Modeling, Docking, and Molecular Dynamics Simulation
Authors: Singh Sakshi , Rai Geeta
Published: December 2020

Background:

Interleukin-12 receptor (IL12R) is a type I cytokine receptor that can promote hematopoiesis and
regulate innate and adaptive immunity. It binds with the IL12 ligand, which activates the IL-12 signaling pathway that
triggers hematopoietic progenitor cell proliferation and differentiation process. The structure of IL12:IL12R complex is not
known.

Objective:

The present work describes a de novo computational method for rational protein designing to elucidate the
structure of IL12:IL12R complex.

Methods:

Homology modeling, docking, and MD simulation methods were used to design mimics of the interaction of IL12
and IL12R.

Results:

3D structure prediction and validation confirms the accurate structure of IL12R protein that contains immunoglobin
domain, fibronectin type three domain, cytokine-binding domain, and WSXWS motif. Molecular docking and MD
simulation revealed that IL12R bound tightly with IL12 ligand at their interface. The estimated binding energy of the
docked complex was -26.7 kcal/mol, and the interface area was 281.4 Å2. Hotspot prediction suggested that ARG34, SER58,
GLU61, CYS62, LEU63, SER73, ASP142, GLN146, LYS168, THR169 ARG181, ARG183, ARG189, and TYR193 residues in IL12
ligand interacted with SER175, ALA176, CYS177, PRO178, ALA179, ALA180, GLU181, GLU182, ALA192, VAL193, HIS194,
ARG208, TYR246, GLN289, ASP290, ARG291, TYR292, TYR293 and SER294 residues in IL12 receptor.

Conclusion:

The results of the study provides a simulated molecular structure of IL12:IL12R complex that could offer a
promising target complex to substantiate IL12 based drug-designing approaches.
An Updated Review on SARS-CoV-2 Main Proteinase (MPro): Protein Structure and Small-Molecule Inhibitors
Authors: Sabbah Dima A. , Hajjo Rima , Bardaweel Sanaa K. , Zhong Haizhen A.
Published: December 2020

:

Coronaviruses (CoVs) are enveloped positive-stranded RNA viruses with spike (S) protein
projections that allow the virus to enter and infect host cells. The S protein is a key virulence
factor determining viral pathogenesis, host tropism, and disease pathogenesis. There are currently
diverse corona viruses that are known to cause disease in humans.

:

The occurrence of Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus (MERS-CoV) and Severe Acute
Respiratory Syndrome coronavirus (SARS-CoV), as fatal human CoV diseases, has induced significant
interest in the medical field. The novel coronavirus disease (COVID-19) is an infectious disease
caused by a novel strain of coronavirus (SAR-CoV-2). The SARS-CoV2 outbreak has been
evolved in Wuhan, China, in December 2019, and identified as a pandemic in March 2020, resulting
in 53.24 M cases and 1.20M deaths worldwide.

:

SARS-CoV-2 main proteinase (MPro), a key protease of CoV-2, mediates viral replication and transcription.
SARS-CoV-2 MPro has been emerged as an attractive target for SARS-CoV-2 drug design
and development. Diverse scaffolds have been released targeting SARS-CoV-2 MPro. In this review,
we culminate the latest published information about SARS-CoV-2 main proteinase (MPro) and reported
inhibitors.
Combination of Histone Deacetylase Inhibitor with Cu(II) 5,5-diethylbarbiturate Complex Induces Apoptosis in Breast Cancer Stem Cells: A Promising Novel Approach
Authors: Erkisa Merve , Aztopal Nazlihan , Erturk Elif , Ulukaya Engin , Yilmaz Veysel T. , Ari Ferda
Published: December 2020

Background:

Cancer Stem Cells (CSCs) are a subpopulation within the tumor that play a role in the
initiation, progression, recurrence, resistance to drugs and metastasis of cancer. It is well known that epigenetic
changes lead to tumor formation in cancer stem cells and show drug resistance. Epigenetic modulators and /or
their combination with different agents have been used in cancer therapy.

Objective:

In our study, we scope out the effects of a combination of a histone deacetylases inhibitor, Valproic
Acid (VPA), and Cu(II) complex [Cu(barb-κN)(barb-κ2N,O)(phen-κN,N’)]·H2O] on cytotoxicity/apoptosis in a
stem-cell enriched population (MCF-7s) obtained from parental breast cancer cell line (MCF-7).

Methods:

The viability of the cells was measured by the ATP assay. Apoptosis was elucidated via the assessment
of caspase-cleaved cytokeratin 18 (M30 ELISA) and a group of flow cytometry analysis (caspase 3/7 activity,
phosphatidylserine translocation by annexin V-FITC assay, DNA damage and oxidative stress) and 2ˈ,7ˈ–
dichlorofluorescein diacetate staining.

Results:

The VPA combined with Cu(II) complex showed anti-proliferative activity on MCF-7s cells in a doseand
time-dependent manner. Treatment with a combination of 2.5 mM VPA and 3.12 μM Cu(II) complex
induced oxidative stress in a time-dependent manner, as well as apoptosis evidenced by the increase in caspase
3/7 activity, positive annexin-V-FITC, and increase in M30 levels.

Conclusion:

The results suggest that the combination therapy induces apoptosis following increased oxidative
stress, thereby making it a possible promising therapeutic strategy for which further analysis is required.
Recombinant Human IL-11 Promotes Lung Adenocarcinoma A549 Cell Growth and EMT through Activating STAT3/HIF-1α/EMT Signaling Pathway
Authors: Peng Na , Lu Meijun , Kang Mafei , Liu Xiuli , Li Bihui , Dong Cuimei
Published: December 2020

Background:

Interleukin-11 (IL-11) could promote invasion and metastasis of cancer cells, however,
its mechanism is unclear.

Objective:

This study aimed to investigate effects of recombinant human IL-11 (rhIL-11) on lung cancer cell metastasis and growth.

Methods:

Human lung cancer cell, A549, was cultured and subcutaneously injected into mice to establish
Xenograft tumor models. Tumor models were divided into control, rhIL-11 transplantation (250 μg/kg/day), and
rhIL-11 transplantation (500 μg/kg/day) group. Tumor volumes were recorded and measured 6 times. Hypoxia-
Inducible Factor 1α (HIF1α), snail, slug, Signal Transducers/Activators of Transcription-3 (STAT3), E-cadherin,
twist, and vimentin levels were evaluated using western blot and Real-Time PCR (RT-PCR).

Results:

Sizes of subcutaneous tumors increased following measurement time. rhIL-11 treatment significantly
enhanced HIF1α and STAT3 expression in rhIL-11 treatment groups compared to the control group (p<0.05).
However, no remarkable differences were discovered between rhIL-11 (250 μg/kg/day) and rhIL-11 (500
μg/kg/day) group (p>0.05). rhIL-11 treatments significantly increased twist, and slug expressions compared to
control group (p<0.05), especially for rhIL-11 (500 μg/kg/day) treatment, which triggered significantly higher
effects on twist and slug expressions compared to those in the control group (p<0.05). Vimentin and snail mRNA
levels were significantly up-regulated and E-cadherin level was significantly down-regulated in rhIL-11
treatment groups compared to the control group (p<0.05). Meanwhile, rhIL-11 at a dosage of 500 μg/kg/day
triggered remarkably higher effects on vimentin, snail, and E-cadherin expressions compared to those in rhIL-11
(250 μg/kg/day) group (p<0.05).

Conclusion:

rhIL-11 transplantation promoted growth and Epithelial-Mesenchymal Transition (EMT) of A549
cells, which might be associated with STAT3/HIF-1α/EMT signaling pathway activation.
Effects of Mucoadhesive Polymers on Released Particles and Drug Release in Solid Lipid Particle-Based Buccal Tablets
Authors: Phan Thuy T.H. , Tran Phuong H.L. , Tran Thao T.D.
Published: December 2020

Background:

Mucoadhesive polymers play a critical role in controlled-release tablets for buccal drug
delivery.

Objective:

This research aimed to investigate the characterization and mechanisms of solid lipid particle-based tablets with different
mucoadhesive polymers for buccal delivery.

Methods:

Prednisolone (PSL)-loaded solid lipid particles (SLPs) were conventionally prepared by ultrasonication. The freeze-drying
method was used to convert the SLP suspension into a solid dosage form for buccal delivery by using mucoadhesive polymers.

Results:

All formulations showed over 80% drug release after 6 h, which followed immediate and sustained release patterns depending on
the SLP type. However, the different polymers in the formulations resulted in different mucoadhesion times and drug release and drug
permeability profiles. HPMC 4000 showed higher drug permeation (3327 μg vs. 2589 μg after 6 h) but a shorter mucoadhesion time than
Carbopol (197 min vs. 361 min). In addition, surface morphology, swelling and erosion, particle size and zeta potential were also noted for
the different mechanisms for buccal tablet design with different controlled release profiles.

Conclusion:

The results of this work indicate a good strategy for the selection of mucoadhesive polymers for SLP-based tablets in
improving the bioavailability of poorly water-soluble drugs.
Novel Scopoletin Derivatives Kill Cancer Cells by Inducing Mitochondrial Depolarization and Apoptosis
Authors: Shi Zhixian , Chen Li , Sun Jianbo
Published: December 2020

Background:

Natural products and their molecular frameworks have been explored as invaluable
sources of inspiration for drug design by means of structural modification, computer-aided drug design, and so
on. Scopoletin extracting from multiple herbs exhibits potential anti-cancer activity in vitro and in vivo without
toxicity towards normal cells.

Objective:

The study aims to obtain new scopoletin derivatives with enhanced anti-cancer activity. We performed
chemical structure modification and researched the mechanism of anti-tumor activity.

Methods:

In this study, we considered scopoletin as a lead compound, designed and synthesized a series of
scopoletin derivatives via introducing different heterocyclic fragments, and their chemical structures were
characterized by NMR spectra (1H NMR and 13C NMR) and HRMS(ESI). The antiproliferative activity of target
compounds in four cancer cell lines (MDA-MB-231, MCF-7, HepG2, and A549) was determined by the MTT
assay. Compound 11b was treated with Ac-cys under different reaction conditions to explore the thiol addition
activity of it. The Annexin V/PI and JC-1 staining assay were performed to investigate the anti-tumor mechanism
of 11b.

Results:

Novel compounds 8a-h and 11a-h derivatives of scopoletin were synthesized. Most of the target
compounds exhibited enhanced antiproliferative activity against different cancer cells and reduced toxicity
towards normal cells. In particular, 11b displayed the optimal antitumor ability against breast cancer MDA-MB-
231 cells with an IC50 value of 4.46 μM. Compound 11b also cannot react with Ac-cys under the experimental
condition. When treated with 11b for 24 h, the total apoptotic cells increased from 10.8% to 79.3%. Besides, 11b
induced the depolarization of mitochondrial membrane potential.

Conclusion:

Compound 11b was more active than other derivatives, indicating that the introduction of thiophene
fragment was beneficial for the enhancement of antitumor effect, and it was also not an irreversible inhibitor
based on the result that the α, β-unsaturated ketones of 11b cannot undergo Michael addition reactions with Accys.
Furthermore, studies on the pharmacological mechanism showed that 11b induced mitochondrial
depolarization and apoptosis, which indicated that 11b killed cancer cells via a mitochondrial apoptotic pathway.
Therefore, in-depth research and structure optimization of this compound is warranted.
Expression of mir-221, mir-29a, mir-155 and mir-146a in Peripheral Blood Mononuclear Cell (PBMC) in HIV-1 Infected Patients
Authors: Narouei Arsalan , Rouzbahani Negin H. , Ghanbari Maryam , Taj Leila , Mohraz Minoo , Gholami Mohammad , Baesi Kazem
Published: December 2020

Background and Aim:

patients infected by HIV-1, some cellular biomarkers such as
microRNAs have an important function in the suppression or progression of the disease. The aim
of the current study is to evaluate the expression of mir-221, mir-29a, mir-155, and mir-146a in
HIV-1 infected patients.

Methods:

The miRNAs of 60 HIV-1 infected patients (sample group) and 20 healthy controls (normal
group) were extracted from their peripheral mononuclear cells. We used TaqMan-based Real--
time PCR for evaluation of expression mir-155, mir-221, mir-29a and mir-146a by the comparative
method. To evaluate differences among the data, one-way ANOVA was used. The expression of
mir-155 and mir-146a in HIV-1 patients (sample group) was down-regulated in comparison with
healthy controls (normal group) with a confidence value (***p<0.001). In addition, in the sample
group, the expression of mir-221 was downregulated compared to the normal group (***p<.001).

Results:

There was no significant difference in expression mi-29a in the sample and control group.
In the sample group, mir-221 had a low expression, and mir-29a had a high expression, respectively.
According to the results of the current study and comparative studies, it seems that the microRNA
has an important role in the progression or suppression of HIV-1 infection.

Conclusion:

However, the data showed that besides other cellular and viral factor, these miRNAs
could be used as a biomarker. However, the miRNAs field experts are in general agreement that
more investigation is needed to use miRNAs as a biomarker in HIV.
Acute Phenobarbital Poisoning for the Management of Seizures in Newborns and Children; A Systematic Literature Review
Authors: Ghorani-Azam Adel , Balali-Mood Mahdi , Riahi-Zanjani Bamdad , Darchini-Maragheh Emadodin , Sadeghi Mahmood
Published: December 2020

Objectives:

While phenobarbital (PB) is commonly used for the management of seizures
in newborns and pediatrics, its administration may accompany acute poisoning. We aimed to review
the literature to find out the frequency of PB poisonings in newborns and children with
seizures.

Method:

A literature search was performed by two independent reviewers to find relevant articles
about PB toxicity in neonates and pediatrics that were treated for the seizure.

Results:

18 articles met the inclusion criteria and were included in this systematic review. The
main reasons for PB poisoning in studied patients were therapeutic intoxication. Reported signs of
PB poisoning were lethargy, sedation, lack of sucking, fever, skin rash, hepatic inflammation and
alopecia. Moreover, respiratory depression, encephalopathy, myocardial failure, syndrome of inappropriate
antidiuretic hormone, and coma were among the complications of acute PB toxicity in
children and infants.

Conclusion:

PB therapy for the management of seizures in newborns and children might be associated
with poisoning. Although supportive and symptomatic treatments are available for PB overdose,
it should be administered with caution, using drug monitoring to avoid toxicity.
Effect of chemical environment changes in cell on DNA structures and functions
Authors: Tateishi-Karimata Hisae , Sugimoto Naoki
Published: December 2020

Diseases are caused by mutations in DNA sequences. DNA tends to form double-helix structures but in more recent times, it has been found that it can also form non-canonical structures in response to changes in the environment around it. Japanese researchers have now unearthed some exciting
findings about the chain reaction that results, potentially leading to diseases such as cancer. Associate Professor Hisae Tateishi-Karimata and Professor Naoki Sugimoto are based at the Frontier Institute for Biomolecular Engineering Research (FIBER), Konan University in Japan, and are collaborating
on important work to better understand the complex inner workings of cells in disease. An area of focus for this research is the elucidation of mechanisms of diseases caused by non-canonical structures of DNA and regulation for DNA function.
Driving Taiwanese science and technology research
Authors: Shieh Dar-Bin
Published: December 2020

Professor Dar-Bin Shieh, Deputy Minister at the Taiwan Ministry of Science and Technology, shares with us details of the efforts undertaken at the Ministry to promote and support scientific and technological research and development in Taiwan, including his response to the COVID-19
pandemic
Functional analysis of food components to prevent vascular-related diseases
Authors: Kajiya Katsuko
Published: December 2020

A Japan-based team of researchers is looking into the disease prevention potential of certain foods, with a focus on the Sakurajima radish, and how it could have a beneficial impact on heart health, specifically cardiovascular health. Given that vascular diseases are the leading cause
of death worldwide, the importance of this work cannot be underestimated. At the Faculty of Agriculture, Department of Food Sciences and Biotechnology, Kagoshima University, Japan, Dr. Katsuko Kajiya and her team are researching the bioregulatory functions of agricultural products and how
they can be beneficial to health. The researchers are working to scientifically elucidate the function of foods, looking at the disease prevention mechanisms and physiological functions of certain food ingredients.
Stem cells hold key to tackling brain disease
Authors: Kim Yun-Bae , Choi Ehn-Kyoung , Seong Hye-Rim , Park Sangryong
Published: December 2020

A rapidly ageing global society means a higher prevalence of neurodegenerative diseases. Looking at dementia, for example, the most common form of which is Alzheimer's disease (AD), the World Health Organization estimates that worldwide, around 50 million people have dementia, and there
are nearly 10 million new cases every year. And, it's predicted that this number could rise to 150 million people by the year 2050. It's clear that consistent and continued efforts to explore methods of prevention and treatments are required. Existing treatments include acetylcholinesterase
(AChE) inhibitors, antibodies to Aβ and anti-inflammatory agents, but these are not without their drawbacks and limitations and new avenues must be explored. A group of Korean scientists believes that stem cells and regenerative medicine hold the key to alleviating the global burden of
neurodegenerative diseases and this is where they are focusing their efforts. The innovative stem cell research being undertaken by Designed Cells Co., Ltd, which is based in Korea, performs important stem cell research geared towards improving life – enabling people to age gracefully
and maintain wellbeing – and making treatments for neurodegenerative diseases available to all who need them. Professor James Yun-Bae Kim is CEO of the company and Dr Ehn-Kyoung Choi is Director of the company's Central Research Institute. Through their work, the researchers are collaborating
with numerous companies spanning different fields, the team is keen to work with global partners in any field to further expand their work to develop treatments for AD and more widely demonstrate the effectiveness of their research.
Research work in the Applied Cognitive Modelling Lab
Authors: Morita Junya
Published: December 2020

Dr Junya Morita is based at the Applied Cognitive Modelling Laboratory (ACML) within the Department of Behavior Informatics at Shizuoka University in Japan. His team is conducting investigations that use computational models in an effort to improve our understanding of human minds and
their inner workings. There are currently two directions of study underway at ACML. The first is concerned with theoretical studies of cognitive modelling, where the team try to construct models that explain human minds as computational and algorithmic levels. The second direction of study
is the application of computational cognitive models. Morita and his team believe that there are fundamental values within the basic endeavours of cognitive science and are working to prove these values exist and are valid. Current topics of application include education, driving, entertainment,
graphic design, language development, web navigation and mental illness.
Formy czasu przeszłego w cerkiewnosłowiańskich przekładach psałterza
Authors: Karzarnowicz Jarosław
Published: December 2020

Przedmiotem niniejszej monografii jest funkcjonowanie form czasu przeszłego w cerkiewnosłowiańskich przekładach psałterza począwszy od Psałterza synajskiego aż po psałterze wieku XVI. Celowo wybrano tę księgę biblijną, będącą przecież utworem o charakterze poetyckim, hymnicznym, w którym rzadko spotyka się elementy o charakterze narracyjnym, i w którym proste zastosowanie metod analizy stosowanych przy fragmentach narracyjnych bardzo często zawodzi, a nawet wypacza treść. Ponadto księga ta zajmowała i zajmuje szczególne miejsce w kulturze i liturgii Kościoła wschodniego (prawosławnego). Należy do podstawowych ksiąg biblijnych przetłumaczonych już przez Cyryla i Metodego jeszcze przed przybyciem na Morawy (obok ewangeliarza i lekcjonarza). Odpisem tego przekładu jest wspominany tu Psałterz synajski. Z biegiem czasu Księga Psalmów zaczęła żyć samodzielnym życiem, stała się najbardziej popularnym modlitewnikiem, wierni właśnie w niej znajdywali rozwiązania swoich problemów, lekarstwo na choroby, ukojenie w żalu i rozpaczy, sposób na poprawę nastroju, na Rusi poza tym była pierwszą księgą, na podstawie której uczono czytania.
Effects of Unfiltered Cigarettes on Smoking Behavior and Toxicant Exposure: Protocol for a Randomized Crossover Clinical Trial
Authors: Oren Eyal , Pulvers Kim , Romero Devan R , Barber Casey , Carter Erika , Tracy Laree A , Novotny Thomas E
Published: December 2020

Background

Plastic filters on cigarette butts are a widespread source of nonbiodegradable, toxic environmental waste. State and local legislation to ban the sale of single-use cigarettes may be considered to prevent this waste, but scientific evidence on the impact of switching smokers to unfiltered cigarettes on smoking behavior and toxicant exposures is needed to inform this policy. We have designed an open-label, randomized, 9-week, crossover clinical trial of adult filtered-cigarette smokers who switch to unfiltered cigarettes.

Objective

Our objective is to understand the impact of switching smokers of filtered cigarettes to unfiltered cigarettes on smoking behavior and toxic exposures.

Methods

This trial involves a 1-week baseline period; a 2-week period of smoking filtered or unfiltered cigarettes, where groups are randomly assigned; a 3-week washout period; another 1-week baseline period; and a 2-week crossover period of smoking the opposite condition (ie, filtered or unfiltered cigarettes) for a sufficient sample size of 40 participants. We will determine changes in (1) observed topography (ie, puff count, interpuff interval, and puff volume) and cigarettes smoked per day, via butt counts and self-report, (2) expired carbon monoxide and excretion of urinary cotinine, 4-(methylnitrosamino)-1-(3-pyridyl)-1-butanol, and volatile organic compounds, and (3) participants’ knowledge and attitudes toward unfiltered cigarettes, satisfaction with smoking, and intention to quit if they were not able to smoke filtered cigarettes.

Results

This study was funded in June 2018 and approved by the relevant Institutional Review Boards in July 2018. This study has enrolled 37 participants as of October 2020. Data analysis is currently underway, and trial results are expected to be published in spring 2021.

Conclusions

This pilot proof-of-principle study will inform the design of a larger, future research project that can provide robust scientific evidence on our research question. Such a large study could inform possible state or local legislation to ban the sale of single-use filtered cigarettes in order to mitigate the environmental impact of discarded single-use plastic filters.

Trial Registration

ClinicalTrials.gov NCT03749876; https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT03749876

International Registered Report Identifier (IRRID)

DERR1-10.2196/19603
Accurately Differentiating Between Patients With COVID-19, Patients With Other Viral Infections, and Healthy Individuals: Multimodal Late Fusion Learning Approach
Authors: Xu Ming , Ouyang Liu , Han Lei , Sun Kai , Yu Tingting , Li Qian , Tian Hua , Safarnejad Lida , Zhang Hengdong , Gao Yue , Bao Forrest Sheng , Chen Yuanfang , Robinson Patrick , Ge Yaorong , Zhu Baoli , Liu Jie , Chen Shi
Published: December 2020

Background

Effectively identifying patients with COVID-19 using nonpolymerase chain reaction biomedical data is critical for achieving optimal clinical outcomes. Currently, there is a lack of comprehensive understanding in various biomedical features and appropriate analytical approaches for enabling the early detection and effective diagnosis of patients with COVID-19.

Objective

We aimed to combine low-dimensional clinical and lab testing data, as well as high-dimensional computed tomography (CT) imaging data, to accurately differentiate between healthy individuals, patients with COVID-19, and patients with non-COVID viral pneumonia, especially at the early stage of infection.

Methods

In this study, we recruited 214 patients with nonsevere COVID-19, 148 patients with severe COVID-19, 198 noninfected healthy participants, and 129 patients with non-COVID viral pneumonia. The participants’ clinical information (ie, 23 features), lab testing results (ie, 10 features), and CT scans upon admission were acquired and used as 3 input feature modalities. To enable the late fusion of multimodal features, we constructed a deep learning model to extract a 10-feature high-level representation of CT scans. We then developed 3 machine learning models (ie, k-nearest neighbor, random forest, and support vector machine models) based on the combined 43 features from all 3 modalities to differentiate between the following 4 classes: nonsevere, severe, healthy, and viral pneumonia.

Results

Multimodal features provided substantial performance gain from the use of any single feature modality. All 3 machine learning models had high overall prediction accuracy (95.4%-97.7%) and high class-specific prediction accuracy (90.6%-99.9%).

Conclusions

Compared to the existing binary classification benchmarks that are often focused on single-feature modality, this study’s hybrid deep learning-machine learning framework provided a novel and effective breakthrough for clinical applications. Our findings, which come from a relatively large sample size, and analytical workflow will supplement and assist with clinical decision support for current COVID-19 diagnostic methods and other clinical applications with high-dimensional multimodal biomedical features.
The motive of Hieros Gamos in Jesus’s Baptism in the Jordan River and in Jewish Kabballah
Authors: Jacobson Ofir
Published: December 2020

This paper suggests an alternative interpretation of Christ’ baptism, and more precisely, of the dove's role in it. One of the main rituals in the Ancient East was the 'sacred marriage' (Hieros Gamos), the purpose of which was to assure abundance, prosperity, and cosmic fertility, and to validate the status of the king. In many cases, the actual crowning, which followed the main ritual, was performed by a dove, one of the symbols of the feminine partner in the sacred marriage – the great goddess.Through the centuries, this ancient ritual underwent extensive transformations and reforms, but even though the goddess seemed to have vanished, her disappearance was only an illusion. There is abundant evidence to show that the ritual reform did not suppress the old traditions and beliefs but merely hid them beneath the surface. This evidence suggests that the goddess reappeared, sometimes centuries later, manifesting herself in numerous guises, as, for example, in the Kabbalah and in Middle Eastern folk tradition. Furthermore, both textual and archeological findings indicate the continuous presence of the motive of the dove as a symbol of the goddess, who elects and coronates the king. The projection of this motive onto the familiar Christian scenario of Jesus’ baptism can shed new light on the survival of the ancient, forgotten, symbolic meaning of the dove as a female divine entity who chooses and crowns Christ.
Political Metaphors in Hittite Diplomatic and Historiographic Texts
Authors: Pallavidini Marta
Published: December 2020

Research topic: In the Hittite historiographic and diplomatic texts some concepts are formulated metaphorically. In particular, we can find metaphors based on expressions of motion; involving body parts; recalling the comparison between a person and an animal; describing the concepts of life and death; concerning the lexicon of the family and relatives. Theoretical approach: These metaphors are to be considered as expressions of a system of thinking, i.e. as conceptual metaphors (Lakoff – Johnson 1980). Research questions: Which metaphors are attested? How are they structured? How do they dependent on context, language, and/or genre? Which metaphors are of Hittite origin? Which functions do they have? Research goals: Identification, classification and description of the metaphors; analysis of their functions; description of the changes in their use in relation to the genre and through time. Method: the Metaphor Identification Procedure (MIP) of the Praggelejaz Group.
Following the Collapse: Regeneration or Transformation of the Urban Societies?
Authors: Alkhalid Mohammed
Published: December 2020

In the field of Syrian and Mesopotamian studies we must deal with many changes affecting the urban complexity and the socio-political and economic systems. In Syria, two major regional changes have been identified: one is the collapse of the Uruk system and the beginning of the second urban revolution, the other is the end of the Early Bronze Age and the beginning of the Middle Bronze Age cultures during the late third/early second millennium B.C. The terms “transition” and “collapse” are largely used in the definition of those two historical events.Many reasons could cause the collapse of any civilization: to explain the nature of any collapse we must look at the characteristics of the period that followed it. This paper will deal with the archaeological evidence from the late third and early second millennium B.C. in northern inner Syria to illustrate, on the one hand, the reason of that collapse and, on the other hand, to show how such a collapse affected the developmental trajectories of the urban systems.
The Treatment of Troublesome Regions
Authors: Stavi Boaz
Published: December 2020

It is quite clear that after the Old Hittite Kingdom had been established, the Hittites focused their attention on gaining control of Syria. At the same time, they also tried to expand to western Anatolia but soon learned that too great an involvement in the west left them vulnerable to attacks. From that time on, the kings of Hatti sought to keep their military involvement in western Anatolia to a minimum, while thwarting the emergence of any hostile coalitions there.I find this subject fascinating—namely, how an empire that was founded on an ideology of expansion came to realize its natural boundaries and adjusted its ideology and practical strategy to extricate itself from a problematic region that could not be annexed or conquered. This specific case has been discussed only in part by Bryce (1986), so I decided to research it again in my dissertation.
Provincial Administration in Babylonia: A Case of Kassite Nippur
Authors: Redina-Thomas Marina
Published: December 2020

The talk gives an overview of the system of provincial administration in Babylonia during the rule of the Kassite dynasty (ca. 1531-1155 BC). Since about 90% of all written sources from this period (almost 12000 cuneiform tablets) come from a single location – the city of Nippur, the religious center of the country – this study is based for the most part on the economic and administrative documents from that place. The available texts cover about 150 years – from the beginning of the reign of Burna-Buriaš II (ca. 1359 B.C.) till the end of the reign of Kaštiliashu IV (1225 B.C.).The documents reflect the vibrant economic life of the region and give some ideas about how the social organization of Nippur and settlements of the homonymous adjacent province was shaped and how the city administrative system functioned. They mention administrators and officials of different levels responsible for the city household transactions (record keeping of economic accounts, maintaining agricultural and irrigational activities, distributing the harvest and goods, supervising the workforce). Among them one official clearly stands out – the chief governor of Nippur (šandabakku in Akkadian, gú.en.na/gá.dub.ba.(a) in Sumerian). He probably reported directly to the king of Babylonia and was endowed with significant political and administrative power, controlling economic transactions in the region and performing legal procedures. Several persons holding šandabakku office also bear a title nešakku (nu.èš den.líl in Sumerian) – one of the important priest offices of the god Enlil’s temple – Ekur. That indicates that the governor of Nippur was closely linked to the largest city temple and was involved in the governance and administration of its household as well.
Polymorphic iconography common influences or individual features in the Near Eastern perspective
Authors: First Grzegorz
Published: December 2020

Topic: polymorphic iconography in Egyptian religious iconography - special and separate types of mixed, theriomorphic and combined images / icons / forms, always with animal heads, double pairs of wings, phallus, and other magical symbols. Archaeological evidence: images appear on small size flat amulets, papyri fragments (also serving as amulets), bronze statuettes and magical healing statues. Textual evidence: lack of distinctive proper names Place: Egypt, without special area of provenance Date: Late Period (7th – 4th centuries BC), Ptolemaic and Roman Periods (from 4th century BC) Important terms:Pantheistic as an idea of all-embracing god (Pantheos)ba as an emanation / form / manifestation of a god, significantly associated with the image of the god. The animals were ba of gods.bau - strength, power, good and bad at the same time, affecting the whole world, and humans in particular. With the help of magic bau can be manipulated, to ensure people health and success. DeitesBes – Egyptian god – demon, present in magical context, protector of maternity, life, music, safety, with strong solar interpretation, often depicted as a dwarfTutu (Tithoes) – popular especially as Ptolemaic and Roman Egypt deity; main role was to repel negative powers and to protect people in danger; depicted as sphinx with mixed animal and magical attributesLamashtu – female Mesopotamian goddess / demon, who preys on mothers and children, depicted in magical context with animal elementsPazuzu – male Babylonian and Assyrian demonic god with rather beneficent, magical role, depicted with animal elementsNine–Shaped (Enneamorfos) – figure present in written Greek Magical Papyri, defined as composed of nine forms, especially of animal origin with magic function and Egyptian genesis Key problem: distribution of polymorphic iconography in other cultures, parallels, influences on the visual level (codification of symbols) and also on the ideological level (magical activity hidden / symbolised in a representation) Question of the talk: to define potential influences in the Near Eastern perspective - is the polymorphic idea specific to one culture or common to all ancient religious thinking about deities?
The Iron Age I in the Northern Levant: New perspectives from Lebanon
Authors: Charaf Hanan
Published: December 2020

The beginning of the Iron Age in the Levant has been for the past three decades the focus of intense studies and debates. The main reason that had triggered this interest is the turmoil characterizing the end of the Late Bronze Age coupled with the migration of newcomers dubbed the “Sea People” to the coastal Levant. This phenomenon has been studied to a length in the southern Levant where evidence of destructions followed by a new culture is attested on many coastal sites. However, in neighboring Lebanon, few studies focused on this period mainly due to the paucity of archaeological sites dating to the end of the Late Bronze Age/beginning of the Iron Age. In recent years, remains uncovered at major sites such as Tell Arqa (Irqata of the Amarna Tablets), Sarepta, Tyre, or Kamid el-Loz (Kumidi of the Amarna Tablets) gave no evidence for destructions at the end of the Late Bronze Age in this country. On the contrary, the architectural and material culture found at sites such as Tell Arqa and Sarepta points to a smooth transition from the Late Bronze Age to the Iron Age. While the exposed architecture is usually flimsy and is characterized by a widespread use of pits and silos (a phenomenon equally observed on other neighboring sites such as Tell Afis in Syria or Tell Tayinat in Turkey), the pottery still retains old characteristics; yet integrated into a few new shapes and fabrics. The patterns of archaism observed in the material cultural in Lebanon challenges the established understanding of the Iron Age I in the southern Levant where it is characterized as a period of turmoil and transformation.This presentation analyses the architectural and material characteristics of the end of the Late Bronze Age I/beginning of the Iron Age I in Lebanon with the aim at isolating both local characteristics and regional influences.
The Tell 'Uqair temple (4th mill.BC) : colours and iconography
Authors: Dermech Sarah
Published: December 2020

Date: ca. 3400-3100 BC, late Uruk period, first urbanization of south Mesopotamia.Location: Tell ‘Uqair, Babylonia, Iraq.Abstract: This contribution presents the “painted temple” of Tell ‘Uqair, which has provided evidences for bright paintings on the interior. Based on the archaeological report, as well as on in-depth comparisons with other urukean building, we focus on a colorful reconstruction of one of the characters, offering new interpretation of its symbolic meaning.