bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Ocio-Economic Factors That Influence Child Labour in Nigeria
Authors: Okoronkwo Ijeoma N , Oprah Nnaji Akuchukwu
Published: January 2024

This study examined the socio-economic factors influencing child labour in Nigeria. The instruments for data collection were the questionnaire and the in-depth interview schedules. The sample size used for the study was 621 (615 for the quantitative distribution and 6 for the IDIs). The quantitative data gathered were analysed with Statistical Package for the Social Sciences using percentages (%) and Chi-square (χ2) statistics was used to test the three hypotheses, while the qualitative data gathered was analysed in themes as complement to the quantitative data. The study found that religious sex (χ2 = (615), .081; df = 1, pے =.776), education (χ2 = (N615), 2.024; df = 1, pے =.155) and marital status (χ2 = (N=615), .055; df = 1, pے =.815) had no statistically significant relationship with the effect of child labour practice while only age (χ2= (N=615), 14.577; df=1, pے =.000) had a statistical significant relationship. Furthermore, sex (χ2 = (N=615), .678; df = 1, pے =.410), marital status (χ2 = (N= 615), .012; df = 1, pے =.911), religious affiliation (χ2 = (N=615), .003; df = 1, pے =.957), education (χ2 = (N= 615), .310; df = 1, pے =.578) and occupation (χ2 = (N=615), .849; df = 1, pے =.357) showed no statistically significant relationship with the influence of child labour practices. Three hypotheses were tested and they were all accepted. Results from the regression analysis showed that only marital status had the most positive influence on child labour pratices. Results from the study has shown that child labour practices have negative effect on the child, thus, there is the need to eradicate all forms of child labour through championing sensitization and enlightenment programmes. Also, people who still choose to engage children in child labour after these sensitization and enlightenment programmes should be severely punished by the law to deter others from engaging in such acts. Finally, the study revealed that, government, youth corps members, community leaders and the general public have a role to play in putting an end to the socio-economic factors influencing child labour practices in Nigeria.
Quality of Public Library Services as Predictors of BARMM Community’s Information Needs Satisfaction
Authors: Datuamala Asral B. , Acedera Annabelle P.
Published: January 2024

Public libraries have always been a source of essential information resources in the community. This descriptive-correlational research was conducted to examine the quality of library services and its influence on the information needs satisfaction of the BARMM community.  Specifically, this research determined the library user's assessment of the quality of BARMM's public libraries in terms of; availability of resources; accessibility of resources; availability of technology; library staff competence and library atmosphere, and the extent of the library user's information needs satisfaction considering educational needs, professional needs, religious needs and community development needs. Data were collected using validated and pilot-tested questionnaires. The data were analyzed using descriptive and inferential statistics. Based on the findings, the participants' information needs were generally satisfied. Moreover, the participant's assessment of the BARMM's public libraries significantly influenced their information needs satisfaction. The study points to giving special attention to the accessibility of resources and implementing advanced technology in BARMM public libraries to attract more users and promote lifelong learning within the community.
The Relevance of Chitonga as a Regional Language of Instruction in the Multilingual Schools of Livingstone Urban in Southern Province of Zambia
Authors: Hanzooma Kopakopa , Musonda Mary Grace Kasungo
Published: January 2024

The purpose of the study was to find out the relevance of Chitonga as a regional language of instruction from Grade 1 to 4 in multilingual schools of Livingstone. The study objectives were, to assess how teachers are teaching literacy to grade 1 to grade 4 using Chitonga in the multilingual classes of Livingstone and to establish the pedagogical challenges teachers face on the use of Chitonga as a language of instruction in Livingstone. The study used a phenomenological design on the population of Livingstone District. Data was collected using interview guide and classroom observation guide from three primary schools and sixteen (16) participants who included three (3) head teachers, twelve (12) grade 1 to 4 teachers (four (4) from each selected school) and one (1) official from the district education board. The findings revealed that teachers in Livingstone multilingual schools taught Literacy in Chitonga through translanguaging practices like translation and code switching. They also used flash cards, syllabic cards and talking walls. The findings also indicated that Chitonga was not the language of play in multilingual primary classrooms of Livingstone. It was also revealed that there were differences between the Chitonga spoken in Livingstone District and the one used in schools and books. Both teachers and pupils were not proficient in the standard Chitonga. The study concluded that Chitonga despite being the regional language, it was not relevant to the urban primary school learner of Livingstone town because the classrooms were multilingual hence translanguaging practices were used extensively. In the view of the findings, the study recommended that there should be training for primary teachers to teach in multilingual classrooms and schools need to buy more teaching and learning materials in Chitonga for primary schools to help teachers in multilingual classes.
Progress in the nerve ultrasound of inflammatory peripheral neuropathies
Authors: Niu Jingwen , Liu Mingsheng
Published: January 2024

Objective: In recent years, high-resolution nerve ultrasound has been increasingly used as a complementary tool to nerve conduction studies in the diagnosis of peripheral neuropathies. Inflammatory peripheral neuropathies include a heterogeneous group of neuropathies mainly including chronic inflammatory demyelinating polyneuropathies (CIDP), multifocal motor neuropathy (MMN), systemic vasculitic neuropathy (SVN), and Guillain-Barre syndrome (GBS). We describe the ultrasonic characteristics of different inflammatory neuropathies.

Data sources and study selection: The MEDLINE database was searched to find studies on nerve sonography in inflammatory peripheral neuropathies. Reported studies up to December 2022 were included in this review.

Results: In neuropathies, the changes in ultrasound include enlarged nerve size, nerve echo-intensity, fascicle diameter and vascularity. Most CIDP patients have moderately enlarged CSA, some have dramatically enlarged CSA, and few have CSA within the normal range. Since the enlargement patterns are different, ultrasound is useful to help differentiate CIDP from CMT1. In follow-ups after immune treatment, nerve CSAs in CIDP could decrease, increase, or remain unchanged. Regional enlargement next to normal segments predominated in MMN. Nerve enlargement and hyper vascularization were found in vasculitic neuropathy. In GBS patients, there were enlarged peripheral nerve and nerve roots, which became normal at follow-up.

Conclusions: High-resolution nerve ultrasound is complementary to the diagnosis of inflammatory peripheral neuropathies. CSA enlargement and its distribution are the most useful and quantifiable parameters in the evaluation of peripheral nerves. For patients suspected to have inflammatory neuropathies, we advise measuring the CSA of several pre-determined sites in the median, ulnar nerve, C5-8 cervical roots, and brachial plexus.
Sosyal Adaletin Tesisinde Muhasebe Biliminin Rolü Üzerine Bir Değerlendirme
Authors: KISAKÜREK Mustafa , DEMİR Mehmet , ARSLAN Öznur
Published: January 2024

İnsanoğlunun üzerinde durduğu en önemli konuların başında “adalet” gelmektedir. Adalet kavramı, tarih boyunca hem bireysel hem de toplumsal yönüyle incelenmiş ve incelenecektir. İnsanlık tarihi boyunca gelir dağılımı da sürekli gündemde olmuş ama çoğu kez bu dağılımda adaletin tesis edilemediği görülmüştür. Avrupa’da sanayi devrimiyle oluşan işçi sınıfının haklarının hiçe sayılması, toplumdaki sosyal adaletsizliğin daha çok belirginleşmesine ve yüksek sesle tartışılmaya başlanmasına sebep olmuştur. İçinde insan faktörü bulunan sosyo-ekonomik tüm problemler güvenilir, doğru ve şeffaf bilgilerin paylaşılmasıyla çözümlenebilir. Toplam kazanç ve kayıpların toplumda adil olarak dağıtılmasında muhasebe bilimi önemli roller oynayabilir. Zira sosyal adaletin tesisindeki aşamalardan birisi dağıtıma konu olacak milli gelirin tespitidir ve muhasebe bilimi bu tespitte önemli görevler üstlenmektedir. Yine muhasebe bilimi ve bilgisi, işletmelere sunulan mali danışmanlık ve bilgilendirme misyonu ile işletmelerin büyümelerinde ve bu sayede dağıtılacak toplam gelirin artmasında da kilit role sahiptir. Bu çalışmada, muhasebe biliminin ve bilgisinin sosyal adaletin tesisinde oynadığı roller üzerinde durulmuştur. Bu bilim dalının hangi açılardan gelirin doğru tespitine ve artışına destek olduğu tartışılmıştır. Hem gelirin doğru olarak tespitinde hem de dağıtıma konu olacak gelirin artışında mesleki etik kurallarına uyumun önemli olduğu vurgulanmıştır. Yapılan çalışma sonucunda muhasebe biliminin ve bilgisinin özellikle ekonomik kalkınma, kayıtdışı ekonomi ile mücadele, gelirin/kârın doğru hesaplanması ve kamuyu aydınlatma ve şeffaflık açısından önemli ve değerli roller oynadığı sonucuna ulaşılmıştır.
Türkiye Ekonomisinde Reel Efektif Döviz Kuru, Reel İhracat ve Reel İthalat Arasındaki İlişkinin Asimetrik Nedensellik Testleri ile Analizi (2013-2023)
Authors: TÜRK Mehmet Mert
Published: January 2024

Ülke ekonomileri için dış ticaret en önemli stratejik araçların başında gelmektedir. 21.yy’da gittikçe gelişen uluslararası meta hareketliliği, ülkelerin ekonomik sınıflandırmasında temel ölçütlerin başında yer alır. Bu çalışmada Türkiye ekonomisinde 2013:01 ve 2023:02 dönemi aylık verilerinden faydalanılarak reel efektif döviz kuru, reel ihracat ve reel ithalat arasındaki ilişki analiz edilmiştir. Bu analizdeki temel amaç Türkiye ekonomisinin dış ticaret performansını ölçerek edilgenliği konusunda fikir edinebilmektir. Değişkenlerin durağanlık sınaması için Augmented Dickey-Fuller (1981) ve Phillips ve Perron (1988) birim kök testleri uygulanmıştır. Daha sonra değişkenlerin pozitif ve negatif bileşenleri arasında gerçekleşebilecek ilişkinin detaylı görülmesi adına Hatemi j-Roca (2014) asimetrik nedensellik testi uygulanmıştır. Son olarak dönemsel gerçekleşen etkileşimlerin tespit edilmesine olanak tanıyan Balcılar vd. (2010) Bootstrap kayan pencere nedensellik testinden faydalanılmıştır. Yapılan analiz neticesinde reel efektif döviz kurunun pozitif bileşeninden reel ihracatın pozitif bileşenine olacak şekilde asimptotik olarak %5, bootstrap yöntemiyle ise hem %5 hem de %10 anlam seviyelerinde anlamlı bir nedensellik tespit edilmiştir. Balcılar vd. (2010) Bootstrap kayan pencere nedensellik analizi ile birlikte tespit edilen reel efektif döviz kurundan reel ihracata ve reel ithalattan reel efektif döviz kuruna doğru gerçekleşen nedensellik ilişkilerinin harici modellere göre dönemsel olarak daha geniş zamana yayılması ise tespiti yapılan asimetrik ilişkinin varlığını dönemsel olarak da onaylamaktadır. Bu sonuçlar ışığında döviz kurlarında gerçekleşecek dalgalanmaların Türkiye ekonomisi için dış ticaret konusunda dinamik bir stres kaynağı olacağı görülmüştür.
Hizmet İhracatı ve Ekonomik Büyüme Arasındaki Bağlantıda Dijital Teknolojilerin Moderatör Etkisi: Yüksek Gelirli Ülkeler Üzerine Panel Veri Analizi
Authors: ÖZER AKSOY Büşra , ÜNLÜ Fatma
Published: January 2024

Bilgi ve iletişim teknolojilerindeki gelişmeler dijitalleşme sürecine ivme kazandırarak dijital teknolojilerin kullanımını artırmıştır. Söz konusu teknolojilerin kullanımındaki artış ise küresel hizmet ticaretinin hızlanmasına ve ihracata dayalı büyüme hipotezinin hizmetler ticareti açısından yeniden tartışılmasına yol açmıştır. Hipoteze göre, hizmet ihracatının ekonomik büyüme sürecindeki muhtemel etkilerinin olumlu yönde olması yani ekonomik büyümeye pozitif katkı sağlaması beklenmektedir. Dijital teknolojilerin hizmet ihracatı-ekonomik büyüme bağlantısındaki rolü dikkate alındığında ise bu teknolojilerin söz konusu pozitif etkiyi güçlendirmesi beklenmektedir. Bu kapsamda son yıllarda hem araştırmacıların hem de politika yapıcıların ilgisi hizmet ihracatı, ekonomik büyüme ve dijitalleşme arasındaki bağlantılara ve dijital teknolojilerin rolüne odaklanmıştır. Dolayısıyla çalışmanın amacı, hizmet ihracatı ve ekonomik büyüme arasındaki ilişkide dijital teknolojilerin moderatör etkisinin araştırılmasına katkıda bulunmaktır. Bu doğrultuda, çalışmada 40 yüksek gelirli ülkenin 2008-2020 dönemine ait ilgili verileri kullanılarak panel veri analizi gerçekleştirilmiş ve panel eşbütünleşme testleri (Pedroni ve Kao) ile panel FMOLS ve panel DOLS katsayı tahmincilerinden faydalanılmıştır. Elde edilen ampirik bulgular; analize dahil edilen değişkenler arasındaki uzun dönemli eşbütünleşme ilişkisinin varlığına işaret etmekte olup, hizmet ihracatının ekonomik büyüme üzerindeki pozitif etkisini doğrulamaktadır. Başka bir ifadeyle, hizmet ihracatına dayalı büyüme hipotezini doğrulayıcı ampirik kanıtlara ulaşılmıştır. Bununla birlikte, dijital teknolojilerin hizmet ihracatı ile ekonomik büyüme arasında moderatör etkiye sahip olduğu sonucuna ulaşılmıştır. Yani moderatör değişkenin ekonomik büyüme üzerindeki etkisi pozitiftir.
Türki Cumhuriyetlerin Banka Finansal Performanslarının Analizi
Authors: KARADAĞ AK Özlem , HAZAR Adalet , BABUŞCU Şenol
Published: January 2024

Çalışmanın amacı, Azerbaycan, Kazakistan, Kırgızistan, Türkmenistan, Özbekistan ve Türkiye’nin de yer aldığı toplam altı Türki Cumhuriyetin bankacılık sisteminin geçmiş ve günümüzdeki finansal performanslarını Çok Kriterli Karar Verme tekniklerinden biri olan COPRAS yöntemi ile karşılaştırmaktır. Çalışmada 2016-2021 dönemleri için söz konusu ülkelerin bankacılık sisteminde yer alan toplam 48 ticari banka ele alınmıştır. Analize her ne kadar altı ülke ile başlansa da Türkmenistan ve Özbekistan’a ait banka verilerinde eksiklik olduğundan Azerbaycan, Kazakistan, Kırgızistan ve Türkiye’deki bankalarla çalışmaya devam edilmiştir. Çalışmada literatür çerçevesinde sermaye yapısı (Öz kaynakların toplam aktiflere oranı ile sermaye yeterlilik rasyosu), kârlılık (Net kârın toplam aktiflere oranı ile öz kaynaklara oranı), gelir-gider yapısı (Faiz gelirlerinin faiz giderlerine oranı ile maliyet-gelir oranı) ve likidite yapısını (Likit aktiflerin kısa vadeli yükümlülüklere oranı ile toplam aktiflere oranı) yansıtan 8 finansal orana yer verilmiş olup, ağırlıkları eşit olarak ele alınmıştır. Kullanılan finansal veriler hem kamu hem de özel bankalar için ayrıntılı bilanço ve gelir tablosu bilgilerinin yer aldığı Bankfocus veri tabanından ve yazarların hesaplamalarıyla oluşturulmuştur. İncelenen ülke bankalarının söz konusu dönemde en iyi ve en kötü finansal performans gösterdiği dönemler tespit edilerek sonuçlar analiz edilmiştir. Analiz sonuçlarına göre tüm yıllar için “CJSC CITIBANK KAZAKHSTAN” bankasının ilk ikide, 2016 yılı hariç diğer 5 yılda ise “CITIBANK-TR” ile “OJSCB BANK OF BAKU” bankalarının ilk beşte yer aldığı görülmüştür. Alan araştırması yapıldığında konuyla ilgili az sayıda çalışmaya rastlanmış olup, bu konuda literatüre katkı sağlanacağı düşünülmüştür.
DIGITAL TRANSFORMATION OF CASH SERVICES: EMPOWERING WOMEN AND PROTECTING CHILDREN
Authors: Halid Ilfanna , Rachman Ellys , Katili Andi Yusuf
Published: January 2024

This research aims to know ManagementFinanceRegional Treasury (Kasda) Online in the ServiceSocialEmpowermentWoman, ProtectionChild, Control Residents, and FamiliesPlanning for Bone Bolango Regency. The type of research used is descriptive using a qualitative approach method, which refers to 3 focus indicators, namely, Internet Network indicators, Implementing Capability, and Training. Research results show that: financial management on Regional Cash (Kasda) Online at the OfficeSocial, EmpowermentWoman, ProtectionChild, Population and Family Planning Control in Bone Bolango Regency is not yet optimal, this is due to poor internet networks, lack of thorough implementation, and lack of training related to financial management based on Regional Cash (Kasda) Online.
PENENTUAN WILAYAH BENCANA DI KABUPATEN BONE BOLANGO
Authors: Yasin Rizky Juliansar , Hunta Fiqri
Published: January 2024

Bencana adalah peristiwa atau rangkaian peristiwa yang mengancam dan mengganggu kehidupan dan penghidupan masyarakat yang disebabkan baik oleh faktor alam dan/atau faktor non alam maupun faktor manusia sehingga menimbulkan korban jiwa manusia, kerusakan lingkungan, kerugian harta benda dan dampak psikologis. Oleh karena itu perlu adanya penanggulangan sebelum, selama dan setelah kejadian agar tidak ada korban jiwa, harta benda dan psikis yang lebih besar. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui kondisi ancaman yang ada, keragaman sosial ekonomi dan mekanisme pelaksanaan pembangunan daerah serta tantangan tersendiri dalam penanggulangan bencana melalui pendekatan dan metode kualitatif. Dari hasil FGD, prioritas bencana yang tertuang dalam dokumen KRB perlu ditambahkan penanggulangan bencana untuk bencana yang terjadi seperti gelombang ekstrim dan abrasi serta gempa bumi dimana terdapat wilayah Kabupaten yang dilalui jalur patahan/ patahan. pemerintah harus menyusun Rencana Penanggulangan Bencana. Hal ini sebagai upaya agar penanggulangan bencana menjadi lebih komprehensif, terpadu dan terencana
Meningkatkan Perkembangan Sosial Emosional Melalui Bermain Balok pada Anak Usia 5-6 Tahun
Authors: Yuningsih Nining , Daulay Musnar Indra , Nurmalina Nurmalina
Published: January 2024

Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian tindakan kelas (PTK) yang terdiri dari perencanaan, pelaksanaan, observasi, dan refleksi. Penelitian ini dilakukan dalam dua siklus dan dalam setiap siklus terdiri dari dua  kali pertemuan. Pengumpulan data yang dilakukan menggunakan lembar observasi, wawancara terstruktur, dan dokumentasi. Teknik analisis yang digunakan adalah kualitatif dan kuantitatif. Subjek penelitian ini adalah anak didik kelompok B usia 5-6 tahun TK Al-Anshor yang terdiri dari 6 laki-laki dan 9 perempuan. Hasil penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa, dapat diketahui dari pengamatan perkembangan pada setiap siklus yang ditandai dengan persentase indikator pencapaian yang meningkat, yaitu kondisi Pra Siklus kategori BSH (Berkembang Sesuai Harapan) persentase sebesar 14%. Hasil tindakan penelitian siklus I kategori BSH (Berkembang Sesuai Harapan) sebesar 20% dengan peningkatan persentase sebesar 16%. Hasil penelitian siklus II kategori pencapaian BSH (Berkembang Sesuai Harapan) sebesar 50% dengan peningkatan persentase sebesar 30%, dengan kegiatan bermain balok disetiap pertemuan menjadikan anak lebih berkembang dalam kerja sama, berbagi dan tolong menolongnya.
Penerapan Gerak dan Lagu Naik-Naik ke Puncak Gunung untuk Meningkatkan Kemampuan Motorik Kasar
Authors: Lestari Leni , .Fauziddin Mohammad , Daulay Musnar Indra
Published: January 2024

Penelitian ini dilatar belakangi oleh rendahnya kemampuan anak kelompok B TK Kejora Bangsa dalam kemampuan motorik kasar , Sebagian anak belum mampu mengekspresikan berbagai gerakan kepala, tangan ataupun kaki sesuai dengan lagu. Salah satu solusi yang ditawarkan oleh peneliti adalah mencoba kegiatan gerak dan lagu "Naik-naik Ke Puncak Gunung" untuk meningkatkan kemampuan motorik kasar pada anak kelompok B di TK Kejora Bangsa. Jenis penelitian yang diterapkan adalah Penelitian Tindakan Kelas (PTK). Teknik pengumpulan data yang digunakan adalah teknik observasi dan teknik dokumentasi, sedangkan teknik analisis data yang digunakan  dalam penelitian ini adalah teknik analisis data kuantitatif  dan teknik analisis data kualitatif. Hasil penelitian yang diperoleh adalah nilai BB pada pra tindakan 11 anak atau 68,75% Pada siklus I menjadi 0 anak atau 0%,nilai MB pada pra tindakan sebesar 5 anak atau 31,25%, pada siklus 1 menjadi 6 anak atau 37,5% lalu di siklus II ada 0 anak atau 0%,  nilai BSH pada pada pra tindakan ada 0 anak atau 0% Pada siklus 1 menjadi 10 anak atau 62,5% lalu Pada siklus II menjadi 3 anak atau  18,75% nilai terakhir BSB pada kegiatan pra tindakan ada 0 anak atau 0% Pada siklus 1 masih 0 anak atau 0% dan di akhir siklus II menjadi 13 anak atau 81,25% hasil ini menunjukkan peningkatan yang sangat signifikan.
Upaya Meningkatkan Kemampuan Kognitif Anak dalam Kegiatan Mengenal Angka melalui Media Kartu Angka
Authors: Kesumawati Sri Wahyuni , Amalia Rizki , Alim Melvi Lesmana
Published: January 2024

Penelitian ini dilatar belakangi oleh rendahnya kemampuan kognitif anak kelompok B2 di TK Al-Hidayah dalam mengenal angka 1-10. Sebagian anak belum mampu mengenal angka 1-10. Salah satu penyebabnya adalah media yang digunakan kurang diminati anak. Salah satu solusi yang ditawarkan peneliti adalah peneliti mencoba menggunakan media kartu angka dengan tujuan untuk meningkatkan kemampuan kognitif anak dalam mengenal angka 1-10. Jenis penelitian yang digunakan adalah penelitian tindakan kelas(PTK). Teknik pengumpulan data yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah teknik observasi dan teknik dokumentasi sedangkan analisis data menggunakan teknik analisis kuantitatif dan teknik analisis kualitatif. Hasil penelitian yang diperoleh nilai BSH pada pra-tindakan terdapat 2 anak atau 15,38% pada siklus I menjadi 5 anak atau 38,46% dan di siklus II menjadi 2 anak atau 15,38%, nilai BSB pada pra-tindakan terdapat 2 anak atau 15,38% pada siklus I menjadi 4 anak atau 30,76% dan di siklus II menjadi 10 anak atau 76,92%. Hasil ini menunjukkan peningkatan yang sangat signifikan.
Investigation of the Superficial Structures of the Foumban Area (West Cameroon) Based on Spectral Analysis and 3D Modelling
Authors: Tagni-Ayissi Mballa , Zanga-Amougou Alain , Meying Arsene , Geubou Harry Dylan Tchomwa , Ndougsa-Mbarga Théophile
Published: January 2024

The main objective of this study is to characterise the superficial structures of Foumban area. To achieve this, a sample of data from the gravity map of Cameroon is used to build a new Bouguer map to the studied area. The finite element method is used to separate the Bouguer anomalies into regional and residual anomalies. Given that the signatures of gravity anomalies related to surface structures are perceptible on the residual anomaly map, a qualitative analysis of this map helped to identify three anomaly domains in the north-western, central and north-eastern parts of the studied area. These three anomalies peak at 19 mGal, -24 mGal and 27 mGal, respectively. Spectral analysis is used to obtain the appropriate energy spectrum for different profiles that were selected, to estimate the average depth of the intrusive bodies. Thus, thanks to 3D modelling of the anomalous structures of the crust, a gravimetric interpretation is carried out. This interpretation leads correlatively to the geology of the region to conjecture the presence of sediments (clays, conglomerates, sandstones, sands) in the center of the study area; metamorphic rocks (gneisses, micaschists) and magmatic rocks (granites) responsible for positive anomalies in the rest of the area
Performance Evaluation of Large-pod Hot pepper (Capsicum annuum) varieties in the midland areas of Guji Zone, Southern Ethiopia
Authors: Amdie Arega , Teshoma Solomon , Mitiku Miressa
Published: January 2024

Hot pepper (Capsicum annuum L.) is one of the most important spice and cash crop produced in Ethiopia. However, information related to potential of the midland areas of Guji zone for Hot pepper production and improved varieties is limited. This experiment was conducted in the Kiltu sorsa, Gobicha, Derartu at three farmers’ field and Adola sub site to evaluate the growth and yield performance of Hot pepper varieties and to select and recommend high yielding large-pod hot pepper variety (ies). Six improved Hot pepper varieties Oda haro, Melka shote, Melka zala, Melka awaze, Mareko fana, Bako local were evaluated. The treatments were arranged in randomized completed block design (RCBD) with three replications. Statically analysis indicated significant differences (P≤ 0.05) among the large pod hot pepper varieties for Pod length, pod diameter, Number of pods per plant, marketable dry pod yield. The highest marketable red dry pod yield was recorded from Melka Zala followed by Melka Awaze (44.31 and 43.55 qt/ha) respectively. But, the lowest marketable red dry pod yield 33.38 qt/ha was obtained from Bako Local improved Hot pepper variety. Therefore, two improved Hot pepper varieties i.e., Melka Zala and Melka Awaze are selected and recommended for midland areas of Guji zone and similar agro-ecologies.
Signatures of Massive Black Hole Merger Host Galaxies from Cosmological Simulations. I. Unique Galaxy Morphologies in Imaging
Authors: Bardati Jaeden , Ruan John J. , Haggard Daryl , Tremmel Michael
Published: January 2024

Low-frequency gravitational-wave experiments such as the Laser Interferometer Space Antenna and pulsar timing arrays are expected to detect individual massive black hole (MBH) binaries and mergers. However, secure methods of identifying the exact host galaxy of each MBH merger among the large number of galaxies in the gravitational-wave localization region are currently lacking. We investigate the distinct morphological signatures of MBH merger host galaxies, using the Romulus25 cosmological simulation. We produce mock telescope images of 201 simulated galaxies in Romulus25 hosting recent MBH mergers through stellar population synthesis and dust radiative transfer. Based on comparisons to mass- and redshift-matched control samples, we show that combining multiple morphological statistics via a linear discriminant analysis enables identification of the host galaxies of MBH mergers, with accuracies that increase with chirp mass and mass ratio. For mergers with high chirp masses (≳108.2
M
⊙) and high mass ratios (≳0.5), the accuracy of this approach reaches ≳80%, and does not decline for at least ∼1 Gyr after numerical merger. We argue that these trends arise because the most distinctive morphological characteristics of MBH merger and binary host galaxies are prominent classical bulges, rather than relatively short-lived morphological disturbances from their preceding galaxy mergers. Since these bulges are formed though major mergers of massive galaxies, they lead to (and become permanent signposts for) MBH binaries and mergers that have high chirp masses and mass ratios. Our results suggest that galaxy morphology can aid in identifying the host galaxies of future MBH binaries and mergers.
To Sample or Not to Sample: Retrieving Exoplanetary Spectra with Variational Inference and Normalizing Flows
Authors: Yip Kai Hou , Changeat Quentin , Al-Refaie Ahmed , Waldmann Ingo P.
Published: January 2024

Current endeavours in exoplanet characterization rely on atmospheric retrieval to quantify crucial physical properties of remote exoplanets from observations. However, the scalability and efficiency of said technique are under strain with increasing spectroscopic resolution and forward model complexity. The situation has become more acute with the recent launch of the James Webb Space Telescope and other upcoming missions. Recent advances in machine learning provide optimization-based variational inference as an alternative approach to perform approximate Bayesian posterior inference. In this investigation we developed a normalizing-flow-based neural network, combined with our newly developed differentiable forward model, Diff-τ, to perform Bayesian inference in the context of atmospheric retrievals. Using examples from real and simulated spectroscopic data, we demonstrate the advantages of our proposed framework: (1) training our neural network does not require a large precomputed training set and can be trained with only a single observation; (2) it produces high-fidelity posterior distributions in excellent agreement with sampling-based retrievals; (3) it requires up to 75% fewer forward model calls to converge to the same result; and (4) this approach allows formal Bayesian model selection. We discuss the computational efficiencies of Diff-τ in relation to TauREx3's nominal forward model and provide a “lessons learned” account of developing radiative transfer models in differentiable languages. Our proposed framework contributes toward the latest development of neural network–powered atmospheric retrieval. Its flexibility and significant reduction in forward model calls required for convergence holds the potential to be an important addition to the retrieval tool box for large and complex data sets along with sampling-based approaches.
Filamentary Dust Polarization and the Morphology of Neutral Hydrogen Structures
Authors: Halal George , Clark Susan E. , Cukierman Ari , Beck Dominic , Kuo Chao-Lin
Published: January 2024

Filamentary structures in neutral hydrogen (H i) emission are well aligned with the interstellar magnetic field, so H i emission morphology can be used to construct templates that strongly correlate with measurements of polarized thermal dust emission. We explore how the quantification of filament morphology affects this correlation. We introduce a new implementation of the Rolling Hough Transform (RHT) using spherical harmonic convolutions, which enables efficient quantification of filamentary structure on the sphere. We use this Spherical RHT algorithm along with a Hessian-based method to construct H i-based polarization templates. We discuss improvements to each algorithm relative to similar implementations in the literature and compare their outputs. By exploring the parameter space of filament morphologies with the Spherical RHT, we find that the most informative H i structures for modeling the magnetic field structure are the thinnest resolved filaments. For this reason, we find a ∼10% enhancement in the B-mode correlation with polarized dust emission with higher-resolution H i observations. We demonstrate that certain interstellar morphologies can produce parity-violating signatures, i.e., nonzero TB and EB, even under the assumption that filaments are locally aligned with the magnetic field. Finally, we demonstrate that B modes from interstellar dust filaments are mostly affected by the topology of the filaments with respect to one another and their relative polarized intensities, whereas E modes are mostly sensitive to the shapes of individual filaments.
The Scaling of Vortical Electron Acceleration in Thin-current Magnetic Reconnection and Its Implications in Solar Flares
Authors: Crawford C. , Che H. , Benz A. O.
Published: January 2024

To investigate how magnetic reconnection (MR) accelerates electrons to a power-law energy spectrum in solar flares, we explore the scaling of a kinetic model proposed by Che & Zank (CZ) and compare it to observations. Focusing on thin current sheet MR particle-in-cell (PIC) simulations, we analyze the impact of domain size on the evolution of the electron Kelvin–Helmholtz instability (EKHI). We find that the duration of the growth stage of the EKHI (

t

G

∼

Ω

e

−
1

) is short and remains nearly unchanged because the electron gyrofrequency Ω
e
is independent of domain size. The quasi-steady stage of the EKHI (t
MR) dominates the electron acceleration process and scales linearly with the size of the simulations as L/v
A0, where v
A0 is the Alfvén speed. We use the analytical results obtained by CZ to calculate the continuous temporal evolution of the electron energy spectra from PIC simulations and linearly scale them to solar flare observational scales. For the first time, an electron acceleration model predicts the sharp two-stage transition observed in typical soft–hard–harder electron energy spectra, implying that the electron acceleration model must be efficient with an acceleration timescale that is a small fraction of the duration of solar flares. Our results suggest that we can use PIC MR simulations to investigate the observational electron energy spectral evolution of solar flares if the ratio t
MR/t

G
is sufficiently small, i.e., ≲10%.
Potential Melting of Extrasolar Planets by Tidal Dissipation
Authors: Seligman Darryl Z. , Feinstein Adina D. , Lai Dong , Welbanks Luis , Taylor Aster G. , Becker Juliette , Adams Fred C. , Morgan Marvin , Bergner Jennifer B.
Published: January 2024

Tidal heating on Io due to its finite eccentricity was predicted to drive surface volcanic activity, which was subsequently confirmed by the Voyager spacecraft. Although the volcanic activity in Io is more complex, in theory volcanism can be driven by runaway melting in which the tidal heating increases as the mantle thickness decreases. We show that this runaway melting mechanism is generic for a composite planetary body with liquid core and solid mantle, provided that (i) the mantle rigidity, μ, is comparable to the central pressure, i.e., μ/(ρ
gR
P) ≳ 0.1 for a body with density ρ, surface gravitational acceleration g, and radius R
P; (ii) the surface is not molten; (iii) tides deposit sufficient energy; and (iv) the planet has nonzero eccentricity. We calculate the approximate liquid core radius as a function of μ/(ρ
gR
P), and find that more than 90% of the core will melt due to this runaway for μ/(ρ
gR
P) ≳ 1. From all currently confirmed exoplanets, we find that the terrestrial planets in the L 98-59 system are the most promising candidates for sustaining active volcanism. However, uncertainties regarding the quality factors and the details of tidal heating and cooling mechanisms prohibit definitive claims of volcanism on any of these planets. We generate synthetic transmission spectra of these planets assuming Venus-like atmospheric compositions with an additional 5%, 50%, and 98% SO2 component, which is a tracer of volcanic activity. We find a ≳3σ preference for a model with SO2 with 5–10 transits with JWST for L 98-59bcd.
Tomographic Imaging of the Sagittarius Spiral Arm's Magnetic Field Structure
Authors: Doi 土井 Yasuo 靖生 , Nakamura 中村 Kengo 謙吾 , Kawabata 川端 Koji S. 弘治 , Matsumura 松村 Masafumi 雅文 , Akitaya 秋田 Hiroshi 谷洋 , Coudé Simon , Rodrigues Claudia V. , Kwon 權 Jungmi 靜美 , Tamura 田村 Motohide 元秀 , Tahani Mehrnoosh , Magalhães Antonio Mario , Santos-Lima Reinaldo , Angarita Yenifer , Versteeg José , Haverkorn Marijke , Hasegawa 長谷 Tetsuo 川哲夫 , Sadavoy Sarah , Arzoumanian Doris , Bastien Pierre
Published: January 2024

The Galactic global magnetic field is thought to play a vital role in shaping Galactic structures such as spiral arms and giant molecular clouds. However, our knowledge of magnetic field structures in the Galactic plane at different distances is limited, as measurements used to map the magnetic field are the integrated effect along the line of sight. In this study, we present the first ever tomographic imaging of magnetic field structures in a Galactic spiral arm. Using optical stellar polarimetry over a

17
′
×
10
′

field of view, we probe the Sagittarius spiral arm. Combining these data with stellar distances from the Gaia mission, we can isolate the contributions of five individual clouds along the line of sight by analyzing the polarimetry data as a function of distance. The observed clouds include a foreground cloud (d < 200 pc) and four clouds in the Sagittarius arm at 1.23, 1.47, 1.63, and 2.23 kpc. The column densities of these clouds range from 0.5 to 2.8 × 1021 cm−2. The magnetic fields associated with each cloud show smooth spatial distributions within their observed regions on scales smaller than 10 pc and display distinct orientations. The position angles projected on the plane of the sky, measured from the Galactic north to the east, for the clouds in increasing order of distance are 135°, 46°, 58°, 150°, and 40°, with uncertainties of a few degrees. Notably, these position angles deviate significantly from the direction parallel to the Galactic plane.
Unmeasurable Hemoglobin A1c due to Extreme Hyperglycemia in High-performance Liquid Chromatography Method: A Case Report
Authors: Doi Hiroki , Saito Midori , Ozaki Ayane , Ishihara Yuya , Fujita Takashi , Akiyama Hidehiko , Ito Hiroyasu
Published: January 2024

BACKGROUND: Hemoglobin A1c (HbA1c), which is one of the important parameters considered when judging the degree of glucose concentrations during the preceding 8–12 weeks, is used as the standard assessment of glycemic control in patients with diabetes. However, some measurement principles may cause errors in HbA1c measurement.
CASE REPORT: A 49-year-old male patient with hyperglycemic hyperosmotic syndrome had an extreme high blood glucose level of 2,161 mg/dL and an HbA1c level that was not measurable due to a large amount of labile HbA1c. Many institutions measure HbA1c by high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). We measure HbA1c using ARKRAY HA-8190V (ion-exchange HPLC) and report National Glycohemoglobin Standardization Program (NGSP) (%). HbA1c was not measurable in this case, so we requested glycated albumin measurement as a substitute which revealed an extreme abnormal value of 64.5%. HPLC analysis revealed a large #C peak, which appeared to be labile HbA1c, before the HbA1c peak. The patient was treated with insulin therapy, and the HbA1c was measurable and was 14.1% a day after the glucose level was controlled.
CONCLUSION: The report emphasiz of HbA1c measurements in situations of extreme hyperglycemia.
Refractory/Relapsed High-Grade B-Cell Lymphoma in the Elderly: A Special Therapeutic Challenge
Authors: Sretenović Snežana
Published: January 2024

BACKGROUND: According to the 2016 World Health Organization classification of lymphoid neoplasms, high- grade B-cell lymphoma (HGBL) is defined as a new category for aggressive diffuse large B-cell lymphomas (DLBCL), including DLBCL NOS as well.
CASE REPORT: An 80-year-old patient was admitted because of an enlargement of the lymph node located in the right neck region. The patient underwent 6 cycles of R-CHOP, which is considered to be the standard treatment for non-Hodgkin lymphomas (NHL) DLBCL (NOS) CSII B “Bulky,” and he subsequently achieved complete remission (CR). A lymph node biopsy was performed, PH No. 12742/21, which revealed the following: LCA+, CD79 α CD20+, and CD5+, in approximately 50% of the cells, NHL DLBCL (NOS) was of GCB origin, etc. The international prognostic index risk score was 2, the cumulative illness rating scale score was 4. In addition, no bone marrow infiltration was reported. A COP-based chemotherapy protocol was administered, after which the evaluation showed disease relapse. Multi-slice spiral computed tomography (MSCT) follow-up showed an enlarged conglomerate of lymph nodes in all the neck levels. Dg: NHL DLBCL (NOS) CS IVB “Bulky” E (the hypopharynx). The echocardiography results were the following: (EF 50%, aortic insufficiency with MR1+, TR1+ of the aortic valve 3+). The patient was presented to the Consilium, who decided to apply the following therapy (Polatuzumab vedotin + Rituximab + Bendamustine). After III cycle of treatment, MSCT follow-up was performed. The patient gained weight, oral food intake was enabled, whereas the quality of life was significantly improved.
CONCLUSION: The administration of ta treatment may be provided to elderly patients with relapsed HGBL.
The validity of Rana bannanica Rao & Yang, 1997 (Anura, Ranidae)
Authors: Liu Shuo , Nguyen Tan Van , Poyarkov Nikolay A. , Wang Qiaoyan , Rao Dingqi , Li Song
Published: January 2024

One specimen of frog was collected from Mohan Town, Mengla County, Xishuangbanna Prefecture, Yunnan Province, China, which is the type locality of Rana bannanica Rao & Yang, 1997, currently considered as a junior synonym of Hylarana milleti (Smith, 1921). This specimen well agrees with the original description of R. bannanica. In regard to morphology, R. bannanica and H. milleti are, indeed, very similar, but can still be distinguished from each other. Phylogenetic analysis, based on mitochondrial gene sequences, showed that this specimen and H. milleti are different species. Hence, we remove R. bannanica from the synonymy of H. milleti.
Cumuler les preuves du dévouement
Authors: Agnoux Perrine
Published: January 2024

Cet article explore l’influence du territoire rural sur le rapport au temps des jeunes femmes de classes populaires. Il repose sur une enquête ethnographique réalisée de 2017 à 2019 auprès de 54 femmes âgées de 18 à 28 ans. Cette étude dévoile d’abord la disponibilité permanente qui leur est demandée dans les sphères professionnelle, familiale et associative. Elles expérimentent très tôt les tensions de la conciliation, en raison de traits spécifiques aux espaces ruraux : une offre de services limitée, un marché du travail peu favorable aux femmes, des coûts et des temps de transport élevés, une interconnaissance forte. Elle pointe ensuite les conséquences de cette injonction à la disponibilité. Comme elles n’ont pas la maîtrise d’un temps « pour soi », ces jeunes femmes sont moins visibles sur la scène publique locale.
L’enquête longitudinaleFamilles et employeurs (FamEmp)
Authors: Fontaine Roméo , Pailhé Ariane , Remillon Delphine
Published: January 2024

L’article éclaire les évolutions et les enjeux actuels de la recherche sur l’articulation entre la vie familiale et la vie professionnelle. Il met en évidence les atouts et les limites des enquêtes statistiques existantes pour traiter ces questions et présente le projet d’enquête longitudinale Familles et employeurs (FamEmp), qui s’adresse à la fois aux individus et à leurs employeurs. Sa diffusion au sein de la communauté scientifique permettra notamment de répondre à trois enjeux majeurs : l’effet des nouvelles formes d’emploi et de travail, en particulier du télétravail ; la situation des proches aidants ; l’évaluation des effets des politiques familiales et d’entreprise.
Existence, uniqueness and numerical solution of stochastic fractional differential equations with integer and non-integer orders
Authors: ARAZ Seda IGRET , CETIN Mehmet Akif , ATANGANA Abdon
Published: January 2024

The parametrized approach is extended in this study to find solutions to differential equations with fractal, fractional, fractal-fractional, and piecewise derivatives with the inclusion of a stochastic component. The existence and uniqueness of the solution to the stochastic Atangana-Baleanu fractional differential equation are established using Caratheodory's existence theorem. For the solution of differential equations using piecewise differential operators, which take into account combining deterministic and stochastic processes utilizing certain significant mathematical tools such as fractal and fractal-fractional derivatives, the applicability of the parametrized technique is being examined. We discuss the crossover behaviors of the model obtained by including these operators and we present some illustrative examples for some problems with piecewise differential operators.
Retarding sunflower oil oxidation during the deep-fat frying of potato chips using micro-encapsulated Convolvulus arvensis Linn leaf phenolic extract
Authors: Hammad K.S.M. , Elkharsa M.M. , El-Nikeety M.M.A. , Hallabo S.A.S.
Published: January 2024

In this research, the extraction of polyphenols from Convolvulus arvensis (CA) leaves was optimized using ethanol (80%) at plant/solvent ratios and extraction times which varied between 1/10 to 1/30 (w/v) and 20 to 120 min, respectively. The extract with the highest polyphenol content was obtained at a ratio of 1/30 and 90 min. At 120 ppm, the preceding extract in either lyophilized (LyCAE) or encapsulated (EnCAE) form was evaluated as an antioxidant during the frying process using sunflower oil in comparison to TBHQ. Frying oil quality indices including refractive index, smoke point, acid value, anisidine value, polar and polymer compounds were monitored throughout frying times. FTIR spectroscopy was used to investigate the changes in trans-fatty acids, hydroperoxides and aldehyde contents. The results showed that the phenolic extract, especially in EnCAE form, exhibited superior antioxidant activity over TBHQ, which consequently led to the utilization of this phenolic extract as an antioxidant in frying oils.
Chemical characterization of sunflower oil oxidized by UV and ozone with different degrees of oxidation and study of their antimicrobial action
Authors: Fernández-García L.A , Ledea-Lozano O.E. , Fernández-Torres I. , Jauregui Haza U. , Garcés R. , Martínez-Force E. , Venegas-Calerón M. , Salas J.J.
Published: January 2024

Oxidation by the action of ozone takes place at high rates and involves the reaction of ozone molecules with fatty acid double bonds followed by the formation of stable oxidation products with biological activity. In the present work, a comparative study on sunflower oil oxidized by ultraviolet (UV) light and ozone was carried out. This study involved the chemical characterization of sunflower oil oxidized by UV irradiation and ozonation, in addition to assessing the germicidal activity of oxidized oils obtained under various conditions. The results indicated that under the conditions studied, the increase in the dose of UV irradiation did not produce significant changes in the level of oxidation of the oil. Ozonation promoted the formation of oxygenated compounds at higher rates, increasing in concentration as the applied dosage of ozone increased. The germicidal activity of the oils behaved similarly, with considerably higher activity found in the ozonized oils.
Impact of different harvest times on fatty acid profile, sterol, tocopherol and bioactive properties of hazelnut oil
Authors: Karaosmanoğlu H.
Published: January 2024

This study was carried out to determine the effects of different harvest times of hazelnuts on their lipid profiles and bioactive compound accumulations. Tombul hazelnut cultivar was harvested at four different harvest stages, namely in PH (pre-harvest time), EH (early harvest time), NH (normal harvest time) and LH (late harvest time). According to the results of the study, oil accumulation continued up to NH but did not further increase into LH (from 49.58 to 58.54 mg/100 g). Oxidative stability indices changed positively due to decreased poly-unsaturated fatty acids (PUFA) from 9.87 to 7.70% in LH. The highest total sterol amount was reached in LH (122.32 mg/100 g). Although the change in the tocopherol content in the oil was irregular with the progression of the harvest time, its amount in the nuts increased continuously. Total carotenoid, phenolic, flavonoid, and antioxidant activity (DPPH and ABTS) peaked in EH and decreased to a minimum in LH.
Enhancing maternal role achievement and breastfeeding success through health belief model intervention
Authors: Safaah Nurus , Yunitasari Esti , Prasetyo Budi , Triharini Mira , Feriani Pipit
Published: January 2024

Breastfeeding is a critical component of maternal and infant health. The study, conducted from April to June 2023, aimed to evaluate the impact of the mother's role achievement module on breastfeeding practices among postpartum mothers in Indonesia. Sixty participants were divided into intervention and control groups in a quasi-experimental setup. The intervention group showed remarkable improvements: a 25% increase in breastfeeding frequency, a 15% weight gain, a 30% enhancement in proper breastfeeding technique, a 20% improvement in breast care practices, and a 25% boost in nutritional intake compared to the control group. Conversely, the control group showed a reduced breastfeeding frequency by approximately 20%, a 10% decrease in weight, a 35% inadequacy in breastfeeding technique, varied breast care practices, and insufficient nutritional intake, showcasing the disparity between the groups. Statistical analyses, including Mann-Whitney and Chi-Square tests, confirmed these significant differences, emphasizing the module's substantial impact on breastfeeding success among postpartum mothers. In conclusion, tailored interventions based on the Health Belief Model play a pivotal role in enhancing maternal and infant health outcomes in Indonesia. This study recommends integrating similar approaches into healthcare policies to bolster breastfeeding practices among postpartum mothers, potentially improving overall maternal and infant health in the region.