bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Application Research on Liner Tube without Variable Diameter of Shale Gas Plunger Gas Lift Wellhead
Authors: Duan Chengzhi , Xu Haonan , Fan Jing , Wen Lujun , Ni Jianhui
Published: March 2023

Given that there is variable diameter in the shale gas plunger gas lift wellhead, which causes that the plunger cannot run up and down the gas well wellhead, affects the effect of plunger drainage gas production, the paper carries out research on liner tube without variable diameter of the shale gas plunger gas lift wellhead and installation methods, makes the diameter of the gas well wellhead consistent with that of the oil pipe, ensure that the plunger can be open up and down the wellhead of the Christmas tree, facilitate the periodic inspection and replacement operation of the plunger, and reduces the cost of plunger salvage operations. The successful application of the process plan in the shale gas well ** has achieved good drainage gas production effect, truly solved the variable diameter problem of shale gas plunger gas lift wellhead, and achieved the goal of once and for all.
Technology and effect of small well spacing control decline in close well network
Authors: Gan Senlin
Published: March 2023

In order to further improve oil recovery, water flooding was adjusted for three times from 2009 to 2012. The spacing of injection-production Wells was shortened from 250 meters to 106 meters, and the density of well pattern increased from 90.7 to 196 per square kilometer. This leads to the problems of “rapid rise of water cut, large difference in oil formation production, and large production decline in block u”. In recent years, we by fine geologic research, to improve the poor thin oil layer use condition, controlling water cut rising velocity, as the key point, the energy recovery network continuously grope for dense well spacing control regulation technology, gradually formed dense well network from decreasing “three-excellent” control technology, through the effective implementation, improved the block development effect, achieve the goal of stabilizing oil water control.
A new method for dynamic prediction of reservoir pore pressure in development Wells
Authors: Gao Ying
Published: March 2023

The rapid development of social economy in our country, the industry in innovation and development of the growing demand for oil, promote people to constantly increase the intensity of oilfield development, and oilfield development time prolonged, and the application of water injection production in the process of development, cause of formation pore pressure is more and more complex, as the new adjustment well drilling work more difficult. Therefore, the research on dynamic prediction methods of reservoir pore pressure in development Wells is intensified, which can predict reservoir pore pressure in development Wells in a short time, and the pore pressure can be predicted more accurately through the comparative analysis of predicted and measured pressure, providing strong support and guarantee for the design and construction of drilling engineering.
Adjustment and tapping technology of water drive reservoir in late high water cut period
Authors: Jia Peiyi
Published: March 2023

The implementation of oilfield development technology is closely related to geological conditions. Scientific and reasonable exploitation strategy is of great significance to improve oilfield economic benefits and technical utilization rate. At present, the development of oilfield is in the middle and late stage, and there are still many problems in technology, which need to be adjusted and innovated urgently. According to the geological conditions of oil fields and the current intensive exploitation technology, it is pointed out that in the late development of high water cut, it is an important method to improve the economic benefits of oil fields by using the potential tapping technology. In ORDER TO REALIZE THE TRANSFORMATION OF oil and gas exploration technology, THE key LIES in increasing research and development, accelerating technology innovation and application, and pushing oil field development into a new development track.
Influencing factors and measures of water drive oilfield development effect
Authors: Gao Hang
Published: March 2023

Oil field is a very important non-renewable resource in China, which plays a very important role in economic strategy. In the process of oil field development, water flooding technology can effectively improve the production quality, provide a strong technical support for our oil field exploitation, and help to promote the sustainable development of oil field enterprises. However, there are many influencing factors in the exploitation process of water flooding oilfield, so the workers need to deeply explore the root cause of the problem from different angles and all aspects, and take scientific and reasonable countermeasures to improve the exploitation effect of water flooding oilfield. This paper mainly introduces the factors affecting the development effect of water flooding oilfield and puts forward the corresponding solutions. At the same time, combined with practical cases, the measures to improve the development effect of water flooding oilfield are analyzed in detail.
Study on the method of remaining oil exploration in thin differential reservoir
Authors: Gao Li
Published: March 2023

It is difficult to excavate the remaining oil in the thin differential reservoir and the oil-water reservoir. The remaining oil can be excavated by means of static and dynamic analysis method and microstructure method to continuously improve the recoverable benefit of the oilfield. Based on this, this paper studies the potential excavation methods of the remaining oil in the thin differential reservoir.
Study on the influence of oilfield water injection on casing damage
Authors: Ding Xiangnan
Published: March 2023

The casing damage of oil and water wells has seriously affected the normal production of the oilfield. This paper analyzes the high occurrence of casing damage in Saertu oil layer, and finds that there is a contradiction between the water injection production of the wells in Saertu formation and the prevention and control of casing damage. Although the wellhead oil pressure can be guaranteed to be lower than its fracture pressure during production, the injected energy at the wellhead includes pressure potential energy and kinetic energy. Because the fracture pressure of Saertu formation is relatively low, the total injected energy is often higher than its fracture pressure, resulting in water injection at an excess fracture pressure. Unreasonable water injection will lead to the destruction of the underground rock stratum, which acts on the casing and forms casing damage.
The optimization method of control precision of injection system in well metering
Authors: Zou Haochen
Published: March 2023

Based on the analysis of the current situation of single well metering, data acquisition and control mode of oilfield injection system, the data acquisition and control mode of polymer injection volume and dilution water injection volume of single well were optimized and improved respectively. The automatic control of injection volume of single well was realized, the injection accuracy and time effect of metering and control were enhanced, and the work intensity of employees was reduced. Meanwhile, the polymer and dilution water injection volume and the abnormal alarm function of water metering regulation were increased. These make the operation of flow regulator, pump and other equipment in injection station more reasonable, and improve the operation life and efficiency of system equipment.
Discussion on the countermeasure of improving the development effect of oil well dynamic analysis
Authors: Jiang Meiyi
Published: March 2023

With the rapid development of society and economy, higher requirements are put forward for oil and gas exploitation. Therefore, effective measures to improve the development effect should be analyzed with oil and gas well dynamic analysis as the entry point. This paper first introduces the definition of oil and gas well dynamic analysis, then introduces the well dynamic analysis and measures to improve the exploitation effect, then introduces the injection well dynamic analysis, and finally explores through the analysis and study of each production link of oil and water Wells, analyzes and determines the actual situation of underground advantage. The aim is to find out the law of oil and water movement between each reservoir, and take corresponding adjustment measures constantly to ensure a higher recovery rate of oil and gas Wells.
Causes and treatment of adhesive damage in polymer flooding injection pipeline
Authors: Tian Long
Published: March 2023

The viscosity of polymer liquid is an important parameter used in oilfield. Understanding the loss rule and regularity of polymer liquid will help to improve the distribution and water injection quality of polymer liquid and ensure the effective distribution of polymer liquid. According to the oil-water viscosity data of the previous polymer flooding fluid, it is found that the oil-water viscosity is within the range of 5%-20%, with an average of 9.8%. The reasons of single well pipeline viscosity are complex and varied, which are closely related to reducing substances, types and quantities of bacteria, fouling oil suspensions on the inner wall of pipeline, pipeline length and running time. Therefore, from the aspects of Fe2+, pipeline running time and so on, the influence factors and prevention methods of single well pipeline viscosity loss were studied, and the corresponding treatment measures were worked out, and good results were obtained.
Effect of perforation shear on viscosity of polymer solution
Authors: Yan Xi , Wang Xiaoyan , Wang Wei , Lin Zeyu , Yuan Guangyu , Zhan Nan , Han Song , Cai Xidong , Wu Xing , Liang Yanbin
Published: March 2023

Polymer flooding is a tertiary oil recovery technology that is very suitable for the characteristics of China’s reservoirs. However, due to the fast flow rate of polymer solution in near-well zone, the shear effect of perforation blasthole and the compacted zone results in serious loss of polymer viscosity. In this paper, the polymer used in Dagang Oilfield is studied by simulation experiment through the shearing process of perforating holes, and the influence of different perforating parameters on polymer viscosity loss is analyzed, so as to provide theoretical basis for the optimization design of perforating technology in field test. The experimental results show that, the shear effect of perforation blasthole on polymer is not obvious, and the viscosity retention rate of polymer solution is greater than 96%. The size and shape of perforation blasthole have no effect on viscosity loss of polymer solution. The shear effect of compacted zone on polymer is obvious, and the viscosity retention rate of polymer solution is lower than 64% for the target block. The viscosity loss of polymer solution increases with flow rate at compacted zone, and the decrease of permeability can increase viscosity loss of polymer solution. The higher the polymer concentration is, the stronger the shear resistance is, while the higher the molecular weight is, the weaker the shear resistance is. It is suggested that perforation gun and perforation method with deep perforation depth and low compaction degree be chosen to reduce the flow rate at compacted zone and viscosity loss of polymer solution.
Study on the method of identifying fractures by ant tracking technique
Authors: Zhang Juan , Liu Ke , Han Xianbo
Published: March 2023

Fracture is an effective reservoir space and important seepage channel for low permeability sandstone reservoirs, which is very important for reservoir exploration and development. Conventional fracture prediction methods have high cost, slow operation speed and low resolution, which limits the promotion of fracture identification methods. Therefore, this paper proposes a fracture prediction method based on ant tracking. This method is based on post-stack seismic data. Firstly, the seismic data is denoised and the fault continuity is enhanced by using structural smoothing and variance body attributes. On this basis, the active ant tracking is used to enhance the fault boundary of the data body. Then, the data body is subjected to multiple ant tracking calculations by optimizing parameters, and finally the suitable parameter values are determined to realize the prediction of natural fractures. The results show that the technology is used to predict natural fractures, and the prediction results have high resolution and reasonable fracture distribution.
Preparation of Quaternary Ammonium Gemini Surfactant and Its Application in Insulator Cleaning
Authors: Wan Xinyuan , Xia Xiaojian , Chen Yiyang , Lin Deyuan , Hong Yicheng , Zhang Wenzhe , Hou Linxi
Published: March 2023

In this paper, quaternary ammonium salt type Gemini surfactant G12 was designed and synthesized, and its structure was characterized by infrared and nuclear magnetic resonance. The surface tension, permeability, emulsification ability and cleaning of insulator surface contamination in the composite system were tested, and the test results showed that it had low critical micelle concentration (cmc) and good emulsification performance. Due to the presence of rigid groups, the permeability is average. When quaternary ammonium Gemini surfactant G12 is mixed with permeant JFC-E, and is combined with auxiliary and organic solvent, the cleaning rate of insulators can reach more than 90%.
Application of Lidar in Comparison of Wind Speed and Wind Direction Meters in Wind Power Field
Authors: Wang Hua , Wang Jinshan , Tian Wenqiang , Bao Zhiqiang , Wang Bao , Gou Yanxu
Published: March 2023

Wind speed and wind direction indicator in wind turbine is a very important component in the whole power generation system. Inaccurate or incorrect sensor signals will not only make the wind turbine inefficient, but also affect the safe operation of the wind turbine and the life of other components. After the warranty period, after the wind power plant takes over the wind power operation and maintenance, the maintenance demand of the above sensors will be greatly increased. In this project, numerical simulation is used to evaluate the status of wind speed and direction indicator, so as to automatically capture data, compare data, and generate correction coefficients.
Study on Amplification Effect of Wind Turbine Blade Stopping Position on Vortex Induced Vibration of Tower
Authors: Wang Ziyue , Jiao Shoulei , Zhang Guowei , Chen Xiaoxu
Published: March 2023

This project takes XX unit as the analysis object to study the first-order vibration wind speed of wind turbine under shutdown vibration. The vortex-induced vibration response is calculated and the displacement under resonant wind speed is calculated by fluid-solid coupling method. The above analysis techniques and methods are forward-looking and advanced in vibration characteristics of domestic wind turbines. On the basis of fluid dynamics analysis, the suppression measures are studied emphatically. Through the optimization and comparison of different inhibition schemes, the effect of inhibition measures was quantitatively analyzed. The analysis shows that the vibration characteristics of wind turbine with high flexible tower has its own particularity. The first order vibration probability and vibration displacement can be effectively reduced by pneumatic method and external measures.
Calculation model of non-nuclear steam rush in steam turbine of nuclear power unit Construction and application
Authors: Liu Junfeng , Kang Zhen , Wang Miaomiao , Chao Shima , Xi Jingbin , Wu Zhijun , Wang Wei , Zhang Zhenlu
Published: March 2023

According to the technical characteristics of steam turbines and their thermodynamic systems of various types of nuclear power units, a calculation software suitable for evaluating the feasibility of nonnuclear steam rushing of steam turbines of various types of nuclear power units is developed The software can accurately evaluate and check the non-nuclear steam rushing parameters by comparing the steam intake and heat consumption required by the steam turbine with the effective steam quantity and heat storage provided by the primary loop, and solve the quantitative evaluation problem of the feasibility of non-nuclear steam rushing for steam turbines of various types of nuclear power units.
An improved multi-objective gray target model for project resource allocation selection Research
Authors: Xu Yaqiang
Published: March 2023

In response to the traditional method of using a single subjective or objective assignment, AHP (hierarchical analysis) subjective weights and CRITIC (hierarchical relevance of importance criteria method) objective weights are coupled with the Lagrange multiplier method to obtain combined weights, and the multiobjective gray target decision model is used to establish event set, countermeasure set, and situation set to obtain the resource ranking that affects the project resource deployment problem, which provides a basis for the project participants to make decisions and plan for the project. Taking the municipal road project as an example, a judgment matrix is established. The results show that the model constructed in this paper is relatively consistent with the actual situation.
Overview of landfill leachate treatment technology
Authors: Qin Ruqiong
Published: March 2023

Household waste is directly related to people's quality of life and urban environment. As people pursue higher and higher spiritual quality, people pay more and more attention to the treatment of domestic garbage leachate. At present, although China has made some achievements in the treatment of domestic waste leachate, there are still many problems, which need to be solved. In this paper, the treatment of domestic waste leachate will be elaborated.
Highly active Cu-MFI catalyst for conversion of furfuryl alcohol to pentanediols
Authors: Dai Dengfeng , Liu Dandan , Liu Yunqi
Published: March 2023

It is of great significance to use biomass-based furfuryl alcohol to produce oxygenated chemicals to replace petroleum-based chemicals. In this paper, a series of bifunctional Cu-MFI catalysts were developed, and the properties of biomass-based furfuryl alcohol to pentanediol, including 1,5-pentanediol and 1,2 pentanediol, were investigated. These catalysts were synthesized by ammonia evaporation method by loading copper nanoparticles on MFI molecular sieve systems with different silicon aluminum ratios. Among them, Cu-MFI (60)-AE catalyst containing abundantly Brønsted acid protons shows excellent performance, achieving 99.7% furfuryl alcohol conversion and 91% pentanediol selectivity under mild reaction conditions. The high catalytic activity can be attributed to the highly dispersed Cu species and Brønsted acid protons. Brønsted acid protons play a decisive role in the highly selective formation of 1,5-PDO. This paper can develop an economical and feasible path for converting furfuryl alcohol into high value-added fine chemicals.
Application prospect of high efficiency and energy saving bromine extraction technology in the field of bromine-containing waste salt
Authors: Zhang Wenyan , Chai Shujing , Hao Xiaocui , Liu Wei , Wang Yuqi , Zhang Qi
Published: March 2023

Bromine has a strong resource dependence. With the sharp decline of the total amount and grade of traditional brine resources, the difficulty of mining is increasing day by day, and the shortage of bromine supply and demand has become a normal situation. Therefore, it is urgent to find new sources of bromine resources and develop corresponding extraction technologies. Bromine-containing waste salt is a new source of bromine. The mature technology achievements of bromine extraction in underground brine, concentrated seawater and other water are transferred to the field of bromine extraction from bromine-containing waste salt, which realizes the closed-loop recycling of resources and extends the industrial chain, and has a good application prospect.
Diagnosis and Analysis of Thermal Power Plant Operation in Heating Season
Authors: Zhang Yanpeng , Zhu Lingkai , Li Si , Shang Panfeng
Published: March 2023

In order to further improve the operation level of the thermal power units of the provincial grid thermal power plant, optimize the data quality of the online monitoring system of the provincial thermal power units, through the diagnosis and analysis of the operation data of the thermal power online monitoring system, and from an all-round perspective, analyze and evaluate the peak shaving and frequency modulation capabilities of the heat supply units of the thermal power plant from the aspects of the load carrying capacity of the heat supply units, the optimization of the startup mode of the whole plant, and the heating capacity, to provide support for the accurate scheduling of the heat supply units. This paper analyzes the heat supply, peak regulation and frequency regulation capacity of the whole thermal power plant through the operation data, draws the peak regulation interval and heat supply capacity interval, and provides support for the optimal operation of the whole plant.
Basic Characteristic Analysis of Self-provided Power Plant in Iron and Steel Industry
Authors: Zhu Lingkai , Zhang Haijing , Wang Weishuai , Wang Qian , Zheng Wei , Zhong Ziwei
Published: March 2023

Self-provided power plants are set up in order to maintain normal operation in some high energyconsuming industries in the era of power shortage in China. In a specific historical period, it effectively alleviated the problems of insufficient power supply and low reliability of the power grid, and promoted the rapid development of the national economy. The construction of self-provided power plants in the steel industry is to save electricity costs and improve the operational reliability of important units. This paper analyzes the basic production electrical characteristics and equipment load characteristics of the self-provided power plant in iron and steel industry, and summarizes the adjustment ability of the equipment from two aspects of power generation side and load side.
Test and Research on Load Capacity of a 210MW Unit in Heating State
Authors: Zhong Ziwei , Zhu Lingkai , Zheng Wei , Gong Zhiqiang , Shang Panfeng , Guo Junshan , Liu Jun , Zhang Yanpeng
Published: March 2023

As large-scale photovoltaic and wind power are integrated into the power grid, new energy power generation has strong randomicity, volatility and anti-peak shaving characteristics. Both the power supply side and the load side of the power grid will have random fluctuations, which brings huge challenges to the safe and stable operation of the power grid. The power grid will need more capacity and more flexible peak shaving resources as the basis for ensuring the smooth and orderly power supply. During the heating period, the thermoelectric units are faced with double pressures of power consumption peak and heating peak, and are forced to further increase and reduce output to meet the requirements of heating. Therefore, carrying out load capacity test on heating units is conducive to finding out the real output range of units and providing data support for power grid departments.
Introduction on Current Application of Voltage Transformer
Authors: Yang Jun , Fan Ziming , Yang Yue , Zhao Xiayao
Published: March 2023

As an important equipment, voltage transformer is widely used in power grid to obtain voltage signal and protect the system. In this paper, the voltage transformers in power system are classified according to the working principle. The working principle and characteristics of potential transformer (PT), capacitor voltage transformer (CVT), electronic voltage transformer (EVT) and optical voltage transducer (OVT) are briefly analyzed. Besides, this paper also introduces the principle, category and characteristics of voltage transformer, as well as the application and development of voltage transformer in power system.
Einfluss der Medien auf eine gesunde Entwicklung
Authors: Schierl Sabine
Published: March 2023

Aufwachsen in der digitalen Welt: Sollen Eltern ihre Kinder möglichst früh damit konfrontieren, um bestmögliche Startchancen zu bekommen? Warum werden aber parallel dazu Forderung nach bildschirmfreien Kindergärten und Grundschulen immer lauter? Die Autorin beschreibt die Folgen eines ausgeprägten Medienkonsums für die kindliche Entwicklung aus Sicht einer Schul-, Kinder- und Jugendärztin mit 20-jähriger Erfahrung sowie die Sicht der Hirnforschung und der Chinesischen Medizin. Sie gibt Empfehlungen zum Umgang mit digitalen Medien je nach Jahrsiebt der Heranwachsenden.
Constructing a Diagnosis Model and Visualizing the Risk Relationship
between Biomarkers and Overuse Injuries in Well-trained
Wrestlers
Authors: Xizhang Huang , Gao Binghong
Published: March 2023

This study aimed to investigate the association between biomarkers and overuse
injuries in well-trained wrestlers. Seventy-six well-trained wrestlers on a
national team completed two blood sample collections, two clinical overuse
injuries diagnoses, and a questionnaire survey at a 2-week interval.
Multivariate logistic regression analysis and receiver operating characteristic
curve were used to screen for related factors and construct the prediction
probability model of overuse injuries. Using a restricted cubic spline further
clarifies the relationship between biomarker levels and the risk of overuse
injuries. Creatine kinase (CK), cortisol, rheumatoid factor, testosterone in
men, and C-reactive protein (CRP) levels in the overuse injuries group were
significantly different compared to those in the non-overuse injuries group. The
diagnostic efficiency of the prediction probability model was more valuable than
any single variable (area under the curve=0.96,
Specificity=0.91, Sensitivity=0.89, high accuracy). A J-shaped
relationship was noted between biomarkers (cortisol, CRP, and CK) and the risk
of overuse injuries (cutoff point:
17.95 μg·dL-1,
4.72 mg·L-1, and 344 U·L-1;
p for nonlinearity:<0.001, 0.025, and 0.043, respectively).
In conclusion, a predictive model based on biomarkers (cortisol, CRP, and CK)
predicted the overuse injuries risk of well-trained wrestlers. High levels of
these three biomarkers were associated with a higher risk of overuse injuries,
and a J-shaped relationship was observed between them.
Regioselective Suzuki–Miyaura Reactions of Ethyl 2,6-Dibromo­pyrazolo[1,5-a]pyrimidine-3-carboxylate
Authors: Jismy Badr , Abarbri Mohamed , Messaoudi Chaima , Allouchi Hassan , Tikad Abdellatif , M’Rabet Hédi
Published: March 2023

A variety of novel disubstituted pyrazolo[1,5-a]pyrimidine derivatives have been prepared via sequential site-selective cross-coupling reactions of ethyl 2,6-dibromopyrazolo[1,5-a]pyrimidine-3-carboxylate. The regiocontrolled Suzuki–Miyaura reaction proceeded with excellent selectivity in favor of position C6 after careful optimization of the cross-coupling conditions. The monobrominated compounds, obtained on a large scale, were subjected to a second arylation, alkynylation or amination, leading to a new series of ethyl 2,6-disubstituted pyrazolo[1,5-a]pyrimidine-3-carboxylates. These results constitute an efficient regioselective approach for diversification of the chemically and biologically interesting pyrazolo[1,5-a]pyrimidine heterocycle at C2 and C6 positions.
Spectrum of Virulence Factors in Clinical Isolates of Staphylococcus aureus and Prevalence of SCCmec Types in Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus in a Tertiary Care Center
Authors: Khodabux Rhea Michelle J. , Mariappan Shanthi , Sekar Uma
Published: March 2023

Background Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) is a widely recognized multidrug-resistant bacteria presenting a major therapeutic challenge to clinicians. Staphylococcus aureus possesses a number of pathogenicity factors that attribute to the severity of infections. This study was undertaken to investigate the common virulence genes in clinical isolates of Staphylococcus aureus, determine their antimicrobial susceptibility profile, and to characterize the staphylococcal cassette chromosome mec (SCCmec) types among MRSA in a tertiary care center.

Materials and Methods A total of 133 clinical isolates were included in this study. Susceptibility to various antibiotics was determined by disc diffusion method. Methicillin resistance was screened using cefoxitin disc; mecA and mecC genes were detected using polymerase chain reaction (PCR). PCR was done to detect 12 virulence factors such as hla, hlb, fnbA, fnbB, sea, seb, sec, icaA, clfA, tst, pvl, and eta. SCCmec typing was done by multiplex PCR.

Results Of the 133 clinical isolates, 54 (40.6%) were MRSA. The most common virulence gene detected was hlb (61.6%), hla (39%), and fnbA (37%). SCCmec type I was the most predominant. Mortality rate of 6.7% was observed among patients with staphylococcal infections. Univariate analysis of mortality associated virulence genes did not reveal any significant association between virulence genes and mortality.

Conclusion The distribution of virulence genes is similar in both MRSA and methicillin-sensitive Staphylococcus aureus. MRSA belongs to the SCCmec types I to IV. Possession of multiple virulence factors and multidrug resistance profile makes Staphylococcus aureus a formidable pathogen in clinical settings.
The Barn Doors Greenstick Fracture—A New 3D Geometry for Common Osteotomies in Rhinoplasty: The First 50 Patients with 1-Year Follow-up
Authors: Ferreira Miguel Gonçalves , Santos Mariline
Published: March 2023

The “barn doors greenstick fracture” is a new concept that includes three contiguous greenstick fractures: one in the central compartment of the nasal dorsum (nasal bones) and two on the lateral walls of the bony nasal pyramid. The present study aimed to describe this new concept and to report the first esthetical and functional outcomes. This prospective, interventional, and longitudinal study was performed on 50 consecutive patients undergoing primary rhinoplasty by spare roof technique B. The validated Portuguese version of the Utrecht questionnaire (UQ) for outcome assessment in esthetic rhinoplasty was utilized. Each patient answered the questionnaire online before surgery and 3 and 12 months after surgery. In addition, a visual analog scale (VAS) was used to score nasal patency for both sides. The patients also answered three questions (yes or no): (1) “Do you feel any step on your nasal dorsum?” if yes: (2) “Is that step visible?” (3) “Does it bother you?”

A statistically significant improvement in UQ scores postsurgery was found, demonstrating a high satisfaction index in this patient population. Additionally, the preoperative and postoperative mean functional VAS scores showed a significant and consistent improvement on both sides (right and left). Twelve months after surgery, a step at the nasal dorsum was felt by 10% of the patients, but it was visible just in 4%, which were two females with thin skin.

The barn doors greenstick concept provides a new approach to achieve a real and sustainable smooth transition in the dorsal and lateral walls. The association of the two lateral greensticks and the already described subdorsal osteotomy allows a real greenstick segment in the most critical esthetic region of the bony vault—the root of the nasal pyramid.
Analysis techniques for blob properties from gas puff imaging data
Authors: Offeddu N. , Wüthrich C. , Han W. , Theiler C. , Golfinopoulos T. , Terry J. L. , Marmar E. , Ravetta A. , Van Parys G.
Published: March 2023

Filamentary structures, also known as blobs, are a prominent feature of turbulence and transport at the edge of magnetically confined plasmas. They cause cross-field particle and energy transport and are, therefore, of interest in tokamak physics and, more generally, nuclear fusion research. Several experimental techniques have been developed to study their properties. Among these, measurements are routinely performed with stationary probes, passive imaging, and, in more recent years, Gas Puff Imaging (GPI). In this work, we present different analysis techniques developed and used on 2D data from the suite of GPI diagnostics in the Tokamak à Configuration Variable, featuring different temporal and spatial resolutions. Although specifically developed to be used on GPI data, these techniques can be employed to analyze 2D turbulence data presenting intermittent, coherent structures. We focus on size, velocity, and appearance frequency evaluation with, among other methods, conditional averaging sampling, individual structure tracking, and a recently developed machine learning algorithm. We describe in detail the implementation of these techniques, compare them against each other, and comment on the scenarios to which these techniques are best applied and on the requirements that the data must fulfill in order to yield meaningful results.
Explicit formulas and decay rates for the solution of the wave equation in cosmological spacetimes
Authors: Natário José , Rossetti Flavio
Published: March 2023

We obtain explicit formulas for the solution of the wave equation in certain Friedmann–Lemaître–Robertson–Walker (FLRW) spacetimes. Our method, pioneered by Klainerman and Sarnak, consists in finding differential operators that map solutions of the wave equation in these FLRW spacetimes to solutions of the conformally invariant wave equation in simpler, ultra-static spacetimes, for which spherical mean formulas are available. In addition to recovering the formulas for the dust-filled flat and hyperbolic FLRW spacetimes originally derived by Klainerman and Sarnak and generalizing them to the spherical case, we obtain new formulas for the radiation-filled FLRW spacetimes and also for the de Sitter, anti-de Sitter, and Milne universes. We use these formulas to study the solutions with respect to the Huygens principle and the decay rates and to formulate conjectures about the general decay rates in flat and hyperbolic FLRW spacetimes. The positive resolution of the conjecture in the flat case is seen to follow from known results in the literature.
Rao–Burbea centroids applied to the statistical characterization of time series and images through ordinal patterns
Authors: Mateos Diego M. , Riveaud Leonardo E. , Lamberti Pedro W.
Published: March 2023

Divergences or similarity measures between probability distributions have become a very useful tool for studying different aspects of statistical objects, such as time series, networks, and images. Notably, not every divergence provides identical results when applied to the same problem. Therefore, it seems convenient to have the widest possible set of divergences to be applied to the problems under study. Besides this choice, an essential step in the analysis of every statistical object is the mapping of each one of their representing values into an alphabet of symbols conveniently chosen. In this work, we choose the family of divergences known as the Burbea–Rao centroids (BRCs). For the mapping of the original time series into a symbolic sequence, we work with the ordinal pattern scheme. We apply our proposals to analyze simulated and real time series and to real textured images. The main conclusion of our work is that the best BRC, at least in the studied cases, is the Jensen–Shannon divergence, besides the fact that it verifies some interesting formal properties.
Finite-time parameter identification of fractional-order time-varying delay neural networks based on synchronization
Authors: Yang Fan , Wang Wen , Li Lixiang , Zheng Mingwen , Zhang Yanping , Liang Zhenying
Published: March 2023

We research the finite-time parameter identification of fractional-order time-varying delay neural networks (FTVDNNs) based on synchronization. First, based on the fractional-order Lyapunov stability theorem and feedback control idea, we construct a synchronous controller and some parameter update rules, which accomplish the synchronization of the drive-response FTVDNNs and complete the identification of uncertain parameters. Second, the theoretical analysis of the synchronization method is carried out, and the stable time is calculated. Finally, we give two examples for simulation verification. Our method can complete the synchronization of the FTVDNNs in finite time and identify uncertain parameters while synchronizing.
Impact of random and targeted disruptions on information diffusion during outbreaks
Authors: Masoomy Hosein , Chou Tom , Böttcher Lucas
Published: March 2023

Outbreaks are complex multi-scale processes that are impacted not only by cellular dynamics and the ability of pathogens to effectively reproduce and spread, but also by population-level dynamics and the effectiveness of mitigation measures. A timely exchange of information related to the spread of novel pathogens, stay-at-home orders, and other measures can be effective at containing an infectious disease, particularly during the early stages when testing infrastructure, vaccines, and other medical interventions may not be available at scale. Using a multiplex epidemic model that consists of an information layer (modeling information exchange between individuals) and a spatially embedded epidemic layer (representing a human contact network), we study how random and targeted disruptions in the information layer (e.g., errors and intentional attacks on communication infrastructure) impact the total proportion of infections, peak prevalence (i.e., the maximum proportion of infections), and the time to reach peak prevalence. We calibrate our model to the early outbreak stages of the SARS-CoV-2 pandemic in 2020. Mitigation campaigns can still be effective under random disruptions, such as failure of information channels between a few individuals. However, targeted disruptions or sabotage of hub nodes that exchange information with a large number of individuals can abruptly change outbreak characteristics, such as the time to reach the peak of infection. Our results emphasize the importance of the availability of a robust communication infrastructure during an outbreak that can withstand both random and targeted disruptions.
Rheological impact on thermofluidic transport characteristics of generalized Maxwell fluids through a soft nanopore
Authors: Koner Priyanka , Bera Subrata , Ohshima Hiroyuki
Published: March 2023

The time-dependent electroosmotic flow (EOF) and heat transfer characteristic of a generalized Maxwell fluid through the polyelectrolyte layer (PEL) grafted nanopore are investigated while considering different permittivity between the PEL and electrolyte solution. The ion partitioning effects arise due to the different permittivity among these regions. Taking the ion partitioning effects, the analytic solution for the induced potential is established within and outside the PEL from the modified Poisson–Boltzmann equation assuming the Debye–Hückel approximation for a low surface charge. The Cauchy momentum equation with a suitable constitutive equation for fractional Maxwell fluids is derived, and the corresponding analytic solution is presented to provide the axial fluid flow distribution in the full domain. The energy fluxes that have major contributions to the energy equation mainly depend on axial conduction, convection due to electrolyte transport, and Joule heating effects for the external electric field. The analytical solutions of the energy equation for hydro-dynamically fully developed flow with constant thermophysical properties are presented to provide the temperature distribution considering constant heat flux at the nanopore wall. The influence of several important factors for characterizing heat transfer behavior is investigated in the present study. The maximum fluid velocity occurs when the permittivity between the PEL and electrolyte region is the same. The increasing values of fluid velocity imply higher convective heat transfer and make the Nusselt number higher. This study makes a conscious effort toward highlighting the modality controlling the heat transfer characteristics for the ion partitioning effects.
Cobalt loaded on concave hollow carbon octadecahedron for zinc–air batteries
Authors: Chen Zhiyi , Ye Yanting , Li Xiulan , Li Longfu , Yang Muzi , Chen Jian , Xie Fangyan , Jin Yanshuo , Wang Nan , Yu Xiang , Meng Hui
Published: March 2023

For the development of high-performance zinc–air batteries, it is necessary to increase the kinetics of oxygen evolution reaction (OER) and oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) as much as possible. In this work, different coordination structures of Co loaded on concave hollow carbon octadecahedron (CNQD/CoNBs) were prepared by adding g-C3N4 into the synthesis process of Co-based zeolitic imidazolate framework and adjusting the stress balance of the framework structure in the pyrolysis process. This method can greatly increase the specific surface area and the number of micropores of the material for exposing more active sites to accelerate the reaction kinetics. The prepared catalyst shows excellent bi-functional performance for OER and ORR, and it is applied in efficient rechargeable zinc–air battery to achieve high discharge power density of 210 mW/cm2 and favorable stability over long charge/discharge cycles. This research provides an effective strategy to design high-efficiency bi-functional electrocatalysts.
Assessment of random phase approximation and second-order Møller–Plesset perturbation theory for many-body interactions in solid ethane, ethylene, and acetylene
Authors: Pham Khanh Ngoc , Modrzejewski Marcin , Klimeš Jiří
Published: March 2023

The relative energies of different phases or polymorphs of molecular solids can be small, less than a kilojoule/mol. A reliable description of such energy differences requires high-quality treatment of electron correlations, typically beyond that achievable by routinely applicable density functional theory (DFT) approximations. At the same time, high-level wave function theory is currently too computationally expensive. Methods employing an intermediate level of approximations, such as Møller–Plesset (MP) perturbation theory and the random phase approximation (RPA), are potentially useful. However, their development and application for molecular solids has been impeded by the scarcity of necessary benchmark data for these systems. In this work, we employ the coupled-cluster method with singles, doubles, and perturbative triples to obtain a reference-quality many-body expansion of the binding energy of four crystalline hydrocarbons with a varying π-electron character: ethane, ethene, and cubic and orthorhombic forms of acetylene. The binding energy is resolved into explicit dimer, trimer, and tetramer contributions, which facilitates the analysis of errors in the approximate approaches. With the newly generated benchmark data, we test the accuracy of MP2 and non-self-consistent RPA. We find that both of the methods poorly describe the non-additive many-body interactions in closely packed clusters. Using different DFT input states for RPA leads to similar total binding energies, but the many-body components strongly depend on the choice of the exchange–correlation functional.
Thank you for the privilege
Authors: Fairley Christopher K. , Chan Roy K.
Published: March 2023

This editorial, by the retiring Editors Christopher Fairley and Roy Chan, tells the story of the founding of Sexual Health in 2004 and its journey. They express their gratitude for privilege they have enjoyed as Editors-in-Chief of the journal.
The genomics of linkage drag in inbred lines of sunflower
Authors: Huang Kaichi , Jahani Mojtaba , Gouzy Jérôme , Legendre Alexandra , Carrere Sébastien , Lázaro-Guevara José Miguel , González Segovia Eric Gerardo , Todesco Marco , Mayjonade Baptiste , Rodde Nathalie , Cauet Stéphane , Dufau Isabelle , Staton S. Evan , Pouilly Nicolas , Boniface Marie-Claude , Tapy Camille , Mangin Brigitte , Duhnen Alexandra , Gautier Véronique , Poncet Charles , Donnadieu Cécile , Mandel Tali , Hübner Sariel , Burke John M. , Vautrin Sonia , Bellec Arnaud , Owens Gregory L. , Langlade Nicolas , Muños Stéphane , Rieseberg Loren H.
Published: March 2023

Crop wild relatives represent valuable sources of alleles for crop improvement, including adaptation to climate change and emerging diseases. However, introgressions from wild relatives might have deleterious effects on desirable traits, including yield, due to linkage drag. Here, we analyzed the genomic and phenotypic impacts of wild introgressions in inbred lines of cultivated sunflower to estimate the impacts of linkage drag. First, we generated reference sequences for seven cultivated and one wild sunflower genotype, as well as improved assemblies for two additional cultivars. Next, relying on previously generated sequences from wild donor species, we identified introgressions in the cultivated reference sequences, as well as the sequence and structural variants they contain. We then used a ridge-regression best linear unbiased prediction (BLUP) model to test the effects of the introgressions on phenotypic traits in the cultivated sunflower association mapping population. We found that introgression has introduced substantial sequence and structural variation into the cultivated sunflower gene pool, including >3,000 new genes. While introgressions reduced genetic load at protein-coding sequences, they mostly had negative impacts on yield and quality traits. Introgressions found at high frequency in the cultivated gene pool had larger effects than low-frequency introgressions, suggesting that the former likely were targeted by artificial selection. Also, introgressions from more distantly related species were more likely to be maladaptive than those from the wild progenitor of cultivated sunflower. Thus, breeding efforts should focus, as far as possible, on closely related and fully compatible wild relatives.
Epistatic QTLs for yield heterosis in tomato
Authors: Torgeman Shai , Zamir Dani
Published: March 2023

Controlled population development and genome-wide association studies have proven powerful in uncovering genes and alleles underlying complex traits. An underexplored dimension of such studies is the phenotypic contribution of nonadditive interactions between quantitative trait loci (QTLs). Capturing of such epistasis in a genome-wide manner requires very large populations to represent replicated combinations of loci whose interactions determine phenotypic outcomes. Here, we dissect epistasis using a densely genotyped population of 1,400 backcross inbred lines (BILs) between a modern processing tomato inbred (
Solanum lycopersicum
) and the Lost Accession (LA5240) of a distant, green-fruited, drought-tolerant wild species,
Solanum pennellii
. The homozygous BILs, each harboring an average of 11 introgressions and their hybrids with the recurrent parents, were phenotyped for tomato yield components. Population-wide mean yield of the BILs was less than 50% of that of their hybrids (BILHs). All the homozygous introgressions across the genome reduced yield relative to recurrent parent, while several QTLs of the BILHs independently improved productivity. Analysis of two QTL scans showed 61 cases of less-than-additive interactions and 19 cases of more-than-additive interactions. Strikingly, a single epistatic interaction involving
S. pennellii
QTLs on chromosomes 1 and 7, that independently did not affect yield, increased fruit yield by 20 to 50% in the double introgression hybrid grown in irrigated and dry fields over a period of 4 y. Our work demonstrates the power of large, interspecific controlled population development to uncover hidden QTL phenotypes and how rare epistatic interactions can improve crop productivity via heterosis.