bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
EDUCAÇÃO AMBIENTAL E SUSTENTABILIDADE NA UNIVERSIDADE: UM ESTUDO DAS LICENCIATURAS EM UMA INSTITUIÇÃO DE ENSINO SUPERIOR NO ESTADO DE SÃO PAULO
Authors: De Carvalho Laura Leite , De Melo Ismail Barra Nova , Fortunato Ivan
Published: May 2020

Neste trabalho, o Plano de Desenvolvimento Institucional (PDI) e os sete cursos de licenciatura da Instituição de Ensino Superior no Estado de São Paulo (IES-SP) foram analisados com o propósito de verificar como a formação inicial de professores de um de seus campus lida com assuntos relacionados à sustentabilidade. Os resultados apontaram que, embora o PDI apresente os princípios da sustentabilidade como norteadores, o documento não qualifica tais princípios, tampouco apresenta propostas para que sejam colocados em prática. Além disso, dos sete cursos de licenciatura, somente três fazem referência à educação ambiental e sustentabilidade, ofertando uma disciplina específica. A partir da análise documental, portanto, não é possível afirmar que a IES-SP está totalmente alinhada com seus próprios princípios de sustentabilidade na formação de futuros professores comprometidos com a pesquisa e ensino em Educação Ambiental.
O PANORAMA DA PESCA ARTESANAL PRATICADA POR POVOS E COMUNIDADES TRADICIONAIS NO NORDESTE BRASILEIRO
Authors: Souza Santos Kátia Silva , Amaral Daniel Ferreira , E Silva Tâmara Almeida , Santos Carlos alberto batista
Published: May 2020

Estudos etnoictiológicos na região banhada pelo rio São Francisco, no semiárido do Nordeste brasileiro, são objetos desta revisão de literatura, onde buscamos discutir a pesca artesanal desenvolvida pelas comunidades ribeirinhas, os desafios e impactos sobre a mesma, propondo uma reflexão sobre a importância das relações homem/natureza. Constatamos que os problemas ambientais ocorridos ao longo da história, sobretudo ações antrópicas sobre o rio, são responsáveis pelo declínio da pesca nas comunidades tradicionais, uma vez que a trajetória e perspectivas evolutivas da pesca artesanal está intimamente relacionada à vida do próprio rio, os impactos ambientais alteram a estrutura das espécies aquáticas e de toda a vida circundante, sobretudo, a humana.
Criança em questão: repensando certezas com a família e a escola através das redes sociais
Authors: Andrade Débora Damacena de , Balduíno Jordana de Castro , Feitosa Nayara Oliveira
Published: May 2020

O presente projeto visou criar um espaço de discussão e reflexão com os educadores através da promoção de palestras e rodas de conversas em instituições educativas bem como a fomentação de reflexões no blog “Criança em Questão”, e nas redes sociais Facebook e Instagram. Todos tiveram como objetivo materializar e desenvolver, à luz da Psicologia, diversas discussões sobre as questões da infância. Através das publicações online tornou-se possível compartilhar de maneira acessível um conhecimento fundamentado sobre a aprendizagem e o desenvolvimento da criança, aperfeiçoando tais discussões através de trocas de experiências teórico-práticas. Ressalta-se que a relação entre as teorias psicológicas e a prática educativa se deu através de uma aproximação que considerasse a tensão dialética da relação teoria e prática desenvolvendo-as e refletindo sobre estas. Obteve-se resultados positivos através da análise qualitativa das discussões suscitadas nas palestras e das publicações online.
A EFETIVAÇÃO DO DIREITO À INFORMAÇÃO AMBIENTAL, POR MEIO DA QUESTÃO PREJUDICIAL, NO TRIBUNAL DE JUSTIÇA DA UNIÃO EUROPEIA
Authors: Klein Vieira Luciane , Frainer Victória Maria
Published: May 2020

Resumo: O presente artigo analisa a efetivação do direito à informação ambiental, na União Europeia (UE), por meio da atuação do Tribunal de Justiça da União Europeia (TJ/UE), em sede de questão prejudicial, mecanismo que permite um diálogo horizontal entre o juiz comunitário e o juiz nacional. A temática se justifica diante da relevância da informação ambiental para a vida em sociedade, a fim de se alcançar a meta das Nações Unidas vinculada ao consumo sustentável. Assim, o problema de pesquisa que guiou esse estudo se refere a se a questão prejudicial é o mecanismo apto para se alcançar a uniformização da interpretação e posterior aplicação, pelo juiz nacional, do direito à informação ambiental, erigido pelas instituições da UE, diante da disparidade ainda presente na legislação de cada Estado Membro. Entre os objetivos buscados estão: analisar a cooperação jurídica entre o TJ/UE e os tribunais nacionais, na esfera da questão prejudicial; identificar os principais casos decididos pelo TJ/UE, entre 1992 e junho de 2019, relativos ao direito à informação ambiental; e, por fim, estudar a fonte originária e derivada do Direito da União, com foco na informação ambiental. Para tanto, utilizou-se o método de análise normativo-descritivo, de cunho documental, sob uma perspectiva crítica e interdisciplinar, enquanto o método utilizado para o levantamento de casos foi o empírico por amostragem. Desse modo, fez-se possível concluir que a questão prejudicial é essencial na efetivação do direito à informação ambiental nos moldes adotados pela UE, a fim de gerar mudanças dos hábitos dos consumidores.
A EFICIÊNCIA DO SISTEMA MULTIPORTAS DE JUSTIÇA E A APLICAÇÃO NOS CONFLITOS A ENVOLVENDO A FAZENDA PÚBLICA
Authors: Oliveira Bruno Bastos de , Oliveira Maria das Graças Macena Dias de , Carmo Valter Moura do
Published: May 2020

O presente artigo propõe-se a analisar o congestionamento dos tribunais, mais especificamente no âmbito da Fazenda Pública. A inquietude da pesquisa pode ser evidenciada em face do seguinte questionamento: Como resolver a morosidade no âmbito fazendário dentro do Poder Judiciário? Assim, intenciona-se analisar como a supremacia e indisponibilidade do interesse público atreladas com a morosidade do Poder Judiciário têm dificultado a entrega da tutela jurisdicional, sendo objetivos específicos a análise da necessidade de meios adequados de resolução de conflitos e como seria a aplicação do sistema multiportas de justiça. Utiliza-se do método pesquisa bibliográfica e documental e abordagem qualitativa. Conclui-se pela necessidade de superação de dogmas e a consequente releitura da supremacia e indisponibilidade do interesse público, de forma a inaugurar nova ótica pautada na dignidade da pessoa humana, na qual os interesses públicos e privados deixam de ser contraditórios e se tornam conexos, possibilitando a aplicação do sistema multiportas de justiça nos litígios envolvendo a Fazenda Pública.
Treinamento resistido e sistema endócrino: revisão de literatura
Authors: Macedo Anderson Geremias , Bernardino da Silva Anderson , De Oliveira David Michel , Simionato Astor Reis , Goes André Tiago Rossito , Muller Pessôa Filho Dalton
Published: May 2020

O treinamento resistido tem demonstrado eficácia no acréscimo e condicionamento da força muscular, devido às melhorias de aspectos neuromusculares, composição corporal, tolerância às perturbações metabólicas e aspectos endócrinos. Existe uma série de alterações endócrinas causadas pelo exercício resistido. Entretanto, poucos estudos apresentam uma relação conjunta da resposta hormonal frente ao exercício resistido. Deste modo, o objetivo desse estudo foi propor uma descrição, por meio de uma revisão bibliográfica, sobre a resposta da testosterona, GH, IGF-1 e cortisol provocado pelo exercício resistido. O presente estudo tratou-se de uma revisão bibliográfica, realizada na base de dados do Scielo, Google acadêmico, PubMed, abrangendo trabalhos nacionais e internacionais. Como critério de inclusão foi realizada uma análise para verificação dos estudos que apresentavam uma relação direta do título e resumo com a temática do trabalho aqui proposto. A excitação adrenérgica e aumento da concentração de lactato sanguíneo promove liberação de testosterona e GH. O IGF-1 é mediado pelo GH em células hepáticas e, possivelmente, por outras vias não dependente de GH. A secreção de insulina está relacionada a disponibilidade de glicose sanguínea, possuindo papel anabólico no músculo por meio da atividade da mTOR. Já a secreção de cortisol relaciona-se com a redução do volume plasmático e aumentos dos níveis de lactato. Conclui-se que, as diferentes dimensões do TR como intensidade, volume (número de séries e repetições), tipo de ação muscular (concêntrico, excêntrico, isométrico), resposta adrenérgica, volume plasmático e produção de lactato interferem diretamente sobre as concentrações hormonais plasmáticas principalmente em respostas agudas ao exercício.
Variação aguda não-uniforme da espessura muscular ao longo do peitoral maior em resposta ao supino reto em homens treinados
Authors: Leitão Bruno Felipe Mendonça , Oliveira Liliam Fernandes de , Matta Thiago Torres da
Published: May 2020

O objetivo do estudo foi comparar a variação da espessura muscular (EM) ao longo do peitoral maior (PM) após três séries de 8 a 12 repetições máximas de supino reto. A amostra foi composta por 12 homens treinados. O comportamento da EM foi avaliado pré e imediatamente após a realização do exercício através de ultrassonografias, em três sítios do feixe esternal do PM: medial (próximo ao esterno), central e lateral (próximo ao úmero). Como resultado, o sítio medial apresentou variação relativa da EM de 14,78%, o central de 11,83% e o lateral de 10,04%, com diferença significativa apenas entre o sítio medial quando comparado ao lateral (p=0,036). Tal efeito pode estar relacionado a maior ativação do trecho medial do PM durante o supino reto ou pela específica morfologia do PM
CHARACTERIZATION OF STAPHYLOCOCCUS SPECIES ISOLATED IN PRODUCTION STAGES OF BRAZILIAN COLONIAL CHEESE
Authors: Bergman Zaffari Grecelle Cristina , Karoline Mascitti Andrea , Da Silva Letícia , Ricardo Lunge Vagner , Da Costa Marisa
Published: May 2020

Colonial cheese is a culturally and economically important product from the south of Brazil. As most of its production is artisanal, the technology employed is mostly knowledge passed down from one generation to the next according to family tradition and may be produced with raw or pasteurized milk. It is noted for its spicy flavour and variable composition and is often classified as a medium to high-moisture cheese. This intrinsic feature increases the risk of microbial spoilage and food poisoning. One of the main bio-indicators of contamination in colonial cheese is coagulase positive Staphylococcus. The purpose of this study was thephenotypic identification of Staphylococcus species isolated from the products and surfaces in the main production stages of colonial cheese. Staphylococcus sp. isolates from the food and the production environment were obtained from two colonial cheese-production agro-industries in Rio Grande do Sul. Samples of fresh milk, curd, ripening and final colonial cheese were collected. In addition, surface sampling was performed on the coagulation tanks, production tables, molds, cheese ripening shelves and on the hands of the handlers. Staphylococcus sp. isolates in the cheese and the production environments tested in this study were identified by phenotypic techniques through biochemical and MALDI-TOF MS analyses. These isolates were subjected to gene expression analysis for enterotoxins A, B, C, D, and E. All isolates (72) were identified as Staphylococcus sp., and 43% of the total isolates tested were coagulase positive. Staphylococcus aureus was the predominant species in the raw milk and production tanks. Regarding coagulase negative staphylococci isolates, S. warneri and S. sciuri were most abundant. The sea and seb genes were detected in 4% of the Staphylococcus isolates. The results indicate eleven different species of Staphylococcus present in the colonial cheese production environments studied. The predominant presence of S. aureus in the different samples of milk, curd, ripened cheese, ready-to-eat cheese and hands of the handlers indicates that there are issues with the selection of milk-producing animals, pasteurization process and/or hygiene control of handlers. The sea and seb genes were detected in samples of raw milk and colonial cheese. No enterotoxin genes were detected in coagulase negative staphylococci.

KEY WORDS: Enterotoxins; polymerase chain reaction; time-offlight mass spectrometry; coagulase negative staphylococci; phenotypic identification; genotypic analysis; colonial cheese.
Morte do duplo, morte de si: o suicídio em três narrativas góticas do século 19
Authors: André Willian , Oliveira Ana Paula
Published: May 2020

Este artigo tem por objetivo analisar como o suicídio é representado nas narrativas O retrato de Dorian Gray, de Oscar Wilde, O estranho caso de Dr. Jekyll e mr. Hyde, de robert louis stevenson, e “William Wilson”, de Edgar Allan Poe, considerando que todas as três apresentam situações sobrenaturais, relacionadas à figura do duplo. Além de observar essa profunda relação entre a morte voluntária e o duplo em termos de narrativa, procuraremos também desenvolver uma discussão mais contextual sobre o tema do suicídio no século 19. O referencial teórico será fornecido por Bravo (2005) e Benyon-Payne (2015), entre outros.
A representação subjacente dos glides e suas consequências para a análise do glide em Português brasileiro
Authors: Simioni Taíse
Published: May 2020

Neste trabalho temos por objetivo retomar a discussãode Levi (2004) sobre a possibilidade de existência de glides subjacentese, a partir disso, discutir se o glide subjacente ocorre emportuguês brasileiro (PB). Levando em consideração a parcial predizibilidadedo glide e seu comportamento no processo de palatalizaçãoe na alomorfia de diminutivo, chegamos à conclusão deque há somente glides derivados em PB. Isso nos leva a incluiresta língua, na tipologia de Levi (2004), como aquela em que, nasubjacência, só há vogais, que podem se realizar como vogais ouglides. Dentro deste tipo, o PB seria classificado como uma língua“normal”.
Complementizer agreement is not allomorphy: A reply to Weisser (2019)
Authors: van Alem Astrid
Published: May 2020

Weisser (2019) reanalyzes the Breton rannig, Busan Korean interrogative complementizer alternations, and West-Germanic complementizer agreement as allomorphy instead of agreement, and proposes a set of diagnostics to distinguish allomorphy from agreement. While the cases for Breton and Busan Korean are convincing and the results coherent, West-Germanic complementizer agreement diverges in several respects. In this squib, I review the three case studies and show that the argument for analyzing West-Germanic complementizer agreement as allomorphy does not hold up. In addition, I discuss three new data points on complementizer agreement that cannot be analyzed with a PF account. Accepting that complementizer agreement is not allomorphy allows us to revise the diagnostics to distinguish allomorphy from agreement to a stricter set.
Ants Can Associate a Symbol with a Number of Elements Through Conditioning
Authors: Cammaerts Marie-Claire , Cammaerts Roger
Published: May 2020

On the basis of the known numerosity abilities of the ant Myrmica sabuleti, it was checked if workers of this species could associate a symbol with a number of elements through conditioning, an ability rarely encountered in invertebrates and never mentioned in ants. Working each time on two colonies, we observed that these ants could associate a particular shape used as a symbol with 1, 2, 3 or 4 displayed dots. This acquired association was only slightly affected by a change in shape, color or size of the sighed elements. This elementary association of a symbol with a number by an ant has also been observed in bees, while vertebrates such as birds and monkeys can bring this ability at a more complex level.
Biological Treatment of Wastewater from Production Enterprises
Authors: Burievich Buriev Sulaymon , Tolibovich Yuldoshov Laziz
Published: May 2020

The article provides information on the growth, development, reproduction and degree of purification of wastewater from organo-mineral substances of the high water plant pistia (Pistia stratiotes L) oil refining plant wastewater.
Temporal Patterns of Vehicle Collisions with Roe Deer and Wild Boar in the Dinaric Area
Authors: Vrkljan Joso , Hozjan Dubravka , Barić Danijela , Ugarković Damir , Krapinec Krešimir
Published: May 2020

The purpose of this study was to determine the frequency of wildlife-vehicle collisions (WVC) based on the animal species, and to deepen the knowledge of temporal patterns of vehicle collisions with roe deer and wild boar. The study analyses the data from police reports on vehicle collisions with animals on state roads, by date and time, section of road, and animal species over a 5-year period (2012–2016). These data were analysed to determine the temporal dynamics of vehicle collisions with roe deer and wild boar by month, time of day, and moon phase. On the state roads in the Dinaric area, roe deer are most commonly involved in vehicle collisions (70.1% of all collisions), followed by wild boar (11.0%). Other large species involved in collisions were fallow deer (4.8%), brown bear (1.8%), red deer (0.9%), grey wolf (0.7%), and European mouflon (0.5%), respectively. Most collisions with roe deer occurred in the period April–August, with reduced frequency during autumn and winter. For wild boar, there was no association between month and frequency of collisions. At the annual level, collisions with roe deer were significantly higher during night (37%) and twilight (41%) than during the day (22%). For wild boar, most collisions occurred during twilight (26%) and night (72%), although the difference between these two periods was not statistically significant. For roe deer, collisions had no association with lunar phase, though wild boar collisions during twilight (dawn or dusk) were more common during twilight periods on days with less moonlight. Since vehicle collisions with wildlife showed certain temporal patterns, these should be taken into consideration in developing statistical models of spatial WVC patterns, and also in planning strategies and countermeasures to mitigate WVC issues.
University education of students with disabilities with the example of Pope John Paul II State School of Higher Education in Biała Podlaska
Authors: Waszczuk Joanna , Konowaluk-Nikitin Helena , Pawłowicz-Sosnowska Ewa
Published: May 2020

Interest in the problem of the participation of people with disabilities in public, social, professional and, in particular, educational life has increased over the past few years both worldwide and in Poland. The literature on the subject includes numerous publications concerning the education of children and youth with disabilities. This is not surprising since education at the primary as well as secondary school level is obligatory in Poland. It is also a condition for taking up higher education. The functioning of students with disabilities in higher education institutions is not so widely commented on in the literature. According to the data by the Central Statistical Office (GUS), the number of university students with disabilities amounted to 22,988 in 2007, and it increased to 31,613 by 2012. However, there has been a decline in the number of university students with disabilities since 2013. There were 28,940 university students with disabilities in 2013, while only 25,121 strived to receive third-level education in 2016, which constituted 1.86% of the total number of students in Poland. The fact that only 4.6% of people with disabilities had third-level education in 2002 is also worth noting. Since 2006, the number of students with disabilities at Pope John Paul II State School of Higher Education in Biała Podlaska has maintained a relatively permanent level of 50 people, representing 1.7% of the total number of students at the school. The objective of the study was to define the specificity of the functioning of the students with disabilities at Pope John Paul II State School of Higher Education in Biała Podlaska in the context of educational conditions offered to them by the school. The findings show that students with disabilities point to their difficult individual situation rather than to the conditions provided by the university as the source of their difficulties in studying.
Social functioning of a child with autism – Individual case analysis
Authors: Paruch Daria , Al-Khamisy Danuta
Published: May 2020

This article presents conclusions from analysis of the social functioning of a boy with autism in a preschool for children with special needs. The purpose of the study was to explore strengths and weaknesses in the social functioning of a boy with autism completing his preschool education. A case study was used as a research method, and observation and interview – as research techniques. The findings suggest that the social functioning of the boy with autism is at a level that allows him to continue education in an integrated or general education school as long as he is supported by a special teacher. The boy communicates his needs, has learned basic self-care skills, and follows preschool classroom rules. With adequate support from specialists and his parents, he is also able to establish healthy peer relationships.
People with intellectual disabilities as heirs. Part
Authors: Szeroczyńska Małgorzata
Published: May 2020

The article discusses the first steps that need to be taken once a testator has died. It details how to refuse an inheritance and lists situations when this is the best decision for an heir with intellectual disability. It also presents differences in liability for inheritance debts depending on how an inheritance is accepted: through simple inheritance or with the benefit of an inventory. Moreover, it describes the procedure of compiling an inventory, both a full inventory and an inventory list, showing which option is safer for an heir with intellectual disability. The article concludes with a discussion of will opening and reading, which is a necessary step to obtain a court confirmation of inheritance acquisition or a deed of succession certification. These will be discussed in Part 2.
STUDENTSâ€™ APPLICATION OF SYSTEMIC FUNCTIONAL LINGUISTICS ON MASS MEDIA AND SOCIAL MEDIA
Authors: Purnama Arry
Published: May 2020

The application of Systemic Functional Linguistics (SFL) is actually almost unlimited. However, for students, the broad scope of SFL application seems blurry. This study aims to look for the trend of studentsâ€™ analysis employing SFL on different media. Using a qualitative method, this research focuses on comparing the outcome of studentsâ€™ analysis in applying SFL on both mass media and social media. The findings showed that the students who applied SFL on the social media had more various discussions than those who applied it on the mass media. The varying discussions and analysis written by students applying SFL on the social media (further called social-media students) differed from students applying SFL on the mass media (further called mass-media students), related to some points. First, social-media students explored more language phenomena than did mass-media students using SFL on the mass media. Second, socialmedia students employed majority of the approaches of SFL in exploring language phenomena occurred on the social media, while mass-media students only used at least two approaches of SFL in exploring the phenomena occurring on the mass media.Â Penerapan Systemic Functional Linguistics (SFL) sebenarnya hampir tidak terbatas. Namun, bagi mahasiswa, cakupan penerapan SFL yang luas nampak kabur. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menemukan trend analisis mahasiswa yang menggunakan SFL dalam berbagai media. Dengan menggunakan metode kualitatif, penelitian ini difokuskan untuk membandingkan hasil penelitian mahasiswa pada media massa dan media sosial menggunakan pendekatan SFL. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa mahasiswa yang mengaplikasikan pendekatan SFL pada media sosial memiliki lebih banyak pembahasan dibanding mahasiswa yang mengaplikasikan SFL pada media massa. Beragamnya pembahasan yang ditulis oleh mahasiswa yang menerapkan SFL pada media sosial berbeda dari mahasiswa yang menerapkan SFL pada media massa, terkait dengan beberapa poin: pertama, mahasiswa yang menganalisis media sosial mengeksplorasi lebih banyak fenomena kebahasaan dibandingkan mahasiswa yang menganalisis media massa; dan kedua, mahasiswa yang menganalisis media sosial menggunakan sebagian besar pendekatan SFL dalam mengeksplorasi fenomena kebahasaan yang terdapat pada media sosial, sementara mahasiswa yang menganalisis media massa hanya menggunakan setidaknya dua pendekatan dalam mengeksplorasi fenomena yang terjadi pada media massa.
Emotive Expressions on Social Chatbot
Authors: Indrayani Lia Maulia , Amalia Rosaria Mita , Hakim Fauzia Zahira Munirul
Published: May 2020

Building social chatbots to address usersâ€™ needs for communication and affection is of great value to society (Shum et al., 2018). One of which, Replika, attempts to become an artificial intelligent companion by demonstrating sufficient social and emotional skills through emotive expressions. Emotive expressions are imperative in human-computer interaction, since they tend to elicit social cooperation. The present article aims to survey emotive expressions developed on Replika in order to determine the chatbotâ€™s active-reactive skills. They are collected by means of participant observation and are analysed with qualitative method. The present article observes six emotive expressions which Replika can process. These expressions include apologizing, thanking, condoling, complimenting, greeting, and welcoming. The generation of each expression is dependent of the context of each interaction.Â
KENDI INDONESIA, BENTUK DAN TRADISI
Authors: Winata Gita
Published: May 2020

Kendi merupakan salah satu benda gerabah tradisional Indonesia. Keberadaan kendi tidak hanya di Indonesia, tetapi tersebar luas di daratan Asia Tenggara, Asia, Timur Tengah, dan sebagian Eropa, namun kendi sangat erat kaitannya dengan budaya Asia Tenggara. Bentuknya yang unik dengan varian yang banyak, mendorong dilakukannya kajian lebih jauh. Penelitian ini mencoba untuk mengidentifikasi fakta-fakta tentang kendi Indonesia terutama berkaitan dengan bentuk dan perkembangan tradisinya. Analisis bentuk kendi dilakukan dengan pendekatan morphological berdasarkan identifikasi tipologi bentuk objek, identifikasi anatomi bentuk objek, dan identifikasi varian bentuk objek menurut historical timeline. Dari hasil analisis diketahui bahwa bentuk dasar kendi secara umum adalah bentuk globular dengan penambahan bentuk silindris pada bagian atas yang berfungsi sebagai pegangan. Anatomi bentuk kendi terdiri dari bagian mulut, leher, corot, badan, dan kaki. Selain itu juga diperoleh data ilustrasi tentang evolusi bentuk kendi di Indonesia yang dikomparasi dengan beberapa negara lain, serta perkembangan tradisi kendi yang hingga saat ini masih dugunakan sebagai benda ritual maupun profan.Kata Kunci: kendi, bentuk, tradisi, gerabah
Ebola, the Negative Stranded RNA Virus
Authors: Farman Aqsa , Lal Badshah Syed , Khan Khalid , Ahmad Nasir , Naeem Abdul
Published: May 2020

Ebola virus (EBV) is a deadly virus that has resulted in a number of deaths during its outbreaks in Africa in 2014–2016 and 2018–2019. This virus causes a hemorrhagic fever like other pathogenic viruses of the Filoviridae family with high mortality rate. The exact reservoir of the ebola virus is not known, but different mammal groups are the source from which it is transferred to the human population. The transmission among the human population is through body fluids of patients and also through aersol droplets in the air. The role of different glycoproteins in the budding formation has helped a lot in understanding the physiology of the ebola virus. Most of these viral glycoproteins synthesis and the replication enzymes offer a good inhibitory target for drug design against the ebola virus. Recently, different groups have claimed the development of a successful vaccine for the ebola virus. However, the availability of the vaccines to the poor population of Africa and other parts of the world is still not practical.
Practical Approaches to Pest Control: The Use of Natural Compounds
Authors: Stankovic Sladjan , Kostic Miroslav , Kostic Igor , Krnjajic Slobodan
Published: May 2020

Food production is challenged by different factors: climate changes, market competitiveness, food safety, public demands, environmental challenges, new and invasive pests, etc. Intensive food production must be protected against pests, which is nowadays impossible with traditional techniques. The use of eco-friendly biopesticides based on essential oils (EOs), plant extracts (PE), and inert dusts appears to be a complementary or alternative methodology to the conventional chemically synthesized insecticides. The use of such biopesticides reduces the adverse pesticide effects on human health and environment. Biopesticides can exhibit toxic, repellent, and antifeeding effects. Development of bio-insecticides tackles the problem of food safety and residues in fresh food. Innovation within this approach is the combination of several types of active ingredients with complementary effects. Essential oils are well-known compounds with insecticide or repellent activities. New approaches, tools, and products for ecological pest management may substantially decrease pesticide use, especially in fruit and vegetable production. A win-win strategy is to find an appropriate nature-based compound having impact on pests, together with pesticide use, when unavoidable. Toxic or repellent activity could be used for pest control in the field conditions, as well as attractiveness of some compounds for mass trapping, before pests cause significant economic damage.
Drug Repurposing and Orphan Disease Therapeutics
Authors: Dhir Neha , Jain Ashish , Mahendru Dhruv , Prakash Ajay , Medhi Bikash
Published: May 2020

Drug repurposing (or drug repositioning) is an innovative way to find out the new indications of a drug that already exists in the market with known therapeutic indications. It offers an effective way to drug developers or the pharmaceutical companies to identify new targets for FDA-approved drugs. Less time consumption, low cost and low risk of failure are some of the advantages being offered with drug repurposing. Sildenafil (Viagra), a landmark example of a repurposed drug, was introduced into the market as an antianginal drug. But at present, its use is repurposed as drug for erectile dysfunction. In a similar way, numerous drugs are there that have been successfully repurposed in managing the clinical conditions. The chapter would be highlighting the various drug repurposing strategies, drugs repurposed in the past and the current status of repurposed drugs in the orphan disease therapeutics along with regulatory guidelines for drug repurposing.
Chronic Limb-Threatening Ischemia (CLTI) in Diabetic Patients: Looking at the Big Picture beyond Wound, Ischemia and Foot Infection (WIfI) Classification System
Authors: Pilar Vela-Orús Maria , Sonia Gaztambide-Sáenz María
Published: May 2020

During the 1990s, most diabetic ulcers were considered neuropathic, but the Eurodiale study showed that more than 50% of these were non-plantar (neuro-ischaemic and ischaemic). According to the International Guidelines, the neuro-ischaemic and ischaemic diabetic foot ulcer (DFU) outcomes are connected to factors related to the wound, leg-associated factors and patients’ comorbidities. We used wound, ischaemia and foot infection (WIfI) classification system; Trans-Atlantic Inter-Society Consensus-II (TASC-II) arterial lesion score; and Kaiser Permanente pyramid (stratification of patients according to their complexity) for assessing these parameters. From February 2011 to June 2012, we collected 124 episodes of neuro-ischaemic and ischaemic active ulcer in 100 patients: 18 required major amputation, 14 of them were in WIfI stage 4 and 4 in WIfI stage 3. Ten patients (over 14 in WIfI stage 4) were classified as TASC-II D. Eight patients (over the same 14) were classified as the higher risk of Kaiser Permanente pyramid. In line with other studies, our data support that the WIfI classification correlates well regarding risk of amputation at 1 year. However, when adding TASC-II and Kaiser Permanente pyramid assessment, the outcome is even more accurate not only for limb salvage but also for patients’ survival.
Low Back Pain and Swelling as an Atypical Presentation of IgA Vasculitis
Authors: Winkler Clay , Dobson Raymond , Tranovich Michael
Published: May 2020

Introduction: Immunoglobulin A vasculitis (IgA vasculitis), formerly Henoch-Schonlein purpura, is the most common vasculitis in children.

Case Report: A 6-year-old female presented with low back pain and swelling, difficulty ambulating, and rash two weeks after a respiratory infection. She was approached with a broad differential and ultimately diagnosed with IgA vasculitis.

Discussion: Cutaneous manifestations, arthralgias, renal and gastrointestinal involvement are the most common presenting signs of IgA vasculitis. Only two cases of IgA vasculitis associated with lumbar pain and swelling were identified in the literature.

Conclusion: While rash and joint pain are common presenting signs of IgA vasculitis, practitioners should be aware it can present atypically.
False Elevation of Volume Determined by Bladder Scanner Secondary to Bowel Obstruction
Authors: Schowalter Sean , Altawil Zaid , Schechter-Perkins Elissa , Pare Joseph
Published: May 2020

Bladder scanners allow for quick determination of bladder volumes (BV) with minimal training. BV measured by a machine is generally accurate; however, circumstances exist in which falsely elevated BVs are reported. This case details a patient with a significant small bowel obstruction (SBO) due to superior mesenteric artery syndrome causing a falsely elevated BV. We believe this is the first case report of a SBO causing an elevated BV by bladder scanner. Emergency physicians should be aware of the pitfalls of using bladder scanners, and use their point-of-care ultrasound skills when possible to expand their differential.
Acute Jaundice in a Six-year-old: An Unusual Presentation of Atypical Kawasaki Disease
Authors: Bylund LCDR William , Zarow Gregory , Morrison Ponce LCDR Daphne
Published: May 2020

Kawasaki disease (KD) is a rare vasculitis of childhood that is critical to recognize and treat due to associated morbidity and mortality. A six-year-old male presented to our emergency department (ED) afebrile but with reported recent fevers. Exam revealed jaundice and erythematous tongue with papules, and laboratory studies indicated a direct hyperbilirubinemia. Admitted for evaluation, he developed continuous fever, increasing maculopapular rash, and subsequent desquamation of hands and feet. He ultimately met criteria for incomplete KD, was treated with intravenous immunoglobulin, and avoided cardiac complications. This presentation of incomplete KD with hyperbilirubinemia is rare because the patient was afebrile at ED presentation.
A Rare Case of Hip Pain Secondary to Pigmented Villonodular Synovitis
Authors: Lai Gary , Staller Brett , Ganguly Bhaskar , Ta Quan , Scumpia Alexander
Published: May 2020

A 19-year-old Asian male presented to our emergency department with atraumatic right hip pain radiating to the right groin associated with pain on ambulation. Magnetic resonance imaging of the right hip with and without contrast revealed the diagnosis. Pigmented villonodular synovitis is a rare, monoarticular benign tumor originating from the synovium of the joint. The treatment is synovectomy of the pathological joint to prevent further disease progression.
55-year-old Woman with Headache, Vomiting, and Visual Disturbance
Authors: Shaker Lana , Ripper Jill , Murano Tiffany
Published: May 2020

Case Presentation: A 55-year-old woman with a past medical history of hypertension, hyperlipidemia, and iron deficiency anemia presented to the emergency department with three days of headache, nausea, vomiting, and visual changes. Her vital signs were within normal limits. She was noted to have a left cranial nerve six palsy on exam.

Results: Her laboratory testing revealed leukocytosis, hyponatremia, and hypokalemia. A non-contrast computed tomography scan of the head revealed an enlarged sella turcica and pituitary gland with hemorrhage and deviation of the optic chiasm.

Conclusion: Her symptoms improved and she was discharged from the hospital in stable condition.
Subacute Presentation of Central Cord Syndrome Resulting from Vertebral Osteomyelitis and Discitis: A Case Report
Authors: Dang Thomas , Dong Fanglong , Fenati Greg , Rabiei Massoud , Cerda Melinda , Neeki Michael
Published: May 2020

Introduction: Central cord syndrome (CCS) is a clinical syndrome of motor weakness and sensory changes. While CCS is most often associated with traumatic events. There have been few documented cases being caused by abscesses resulting from osteomyelitis.

Case Report: A 56-year-old male presented to a regional trauma center complaining of excruciating neck and bilateral upper extremity pain. Computed tomography of the cervical and thoracic regions revealed severe discitis and osteomyelitis of the fourth and fifth cervical (C4-C5) with near-complete destruction of the C4 vertebral body, as well as anterolisthesis of C4 on C5 causing compression of the central canal. Empiric intravenous (IV) antibiotic therapy with ampicillin/sulbactam and vancomycin was initiated, and drainage of the abscess was scheduled. After the patient refused surgery, he was planned to be transferred to a skilled nursing facility to receive a six-week course of IV vancomycin therapy. A month later, patient returned to emergency department with the same complaint due to non-compliance with antibiotic therapy.

Discussion: Delayed diagnosis and treatment of osteomyelitis can result in devastating neurological sequelae, and literature supports immediate surgical debridement. Although past evidence has suggested surgical intervention in similar patients with presence of abscesses, this case may suggest that antibiotic treatment may be an alternative approach to the management of CCS due to an infectious etiology. However, the patient had been non-compliant with medication, so it is unknown whether there was definite resolution of the condition.

Conclusion: In patients presenting with non-traumatic central cord syndrome, it is vital to identify risk factors for infection in a thoroughly obtained patient history, as well as to maintain a low threshold for diagnostic imaging.
Brugada Syndrome: Presentation and Management of the Atypical Patient in the Emergent Setting
Authors: Nguyen Alexander , Flores Mario , Tano Vilmogil
Published: May 2020

Introduction: Brugada syndrome is a genetic disorder of the heart’s electrical system that increases a patient’s risk of sudden cardiac death. It is a syndrome most prevalent in Southeast Asians and is found 36 times more commonly in Asians than in Hispanics.

Case Report: We report and discuss a case of a 68-year-old Hispanic male who presented with clinical and electrocardiogram abnormalities consistent with Brugada syndrome.

Discussion: The patient’s age and ethnicity represents an atypical presentation of this rare syndrome and the lack of reported studies in the literature pertaining to these demographics reflect this.

Conclusion: Further studies and characterizations are necessary as manifestations continue to be unearthed. As such, Brugada Syndrome should be considered in the differential diagnosis for a myriad of patient populations.
Intracranial Hemorrhage Due to Secondary Hypertension from Intracranial Large Vessel Occlusion
Authors: Rawal Amit , Waldman Alex , Saeed Omar , Khan Asif
Published: May 2020

Simultaneous hemorrhagic and ischemic strokes have been previously reported in the literature. Typically, these occur in patients secondary to dialysis, cerebral amyloid angiopathy, or thrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura.1,2,3 However, this is the unique case of a 62-year-old Asian female who presented with a hemorrhagic stroke suspected to be secondary to refractory hypertension from intracranial large vessel atherosclerotic flow limiting stenosis, with rapid subsequent large vessel occlusion and ischemic stroke. Questions arise such as ideal blood pressure parameters for dual management, timeliness of computed tomography angiography imaging in the emergency department for detection of large vessel occlusion during intracranial hemorrhage, and subsequent selection of treatment plan in the dual-lesion patient population.
Topical Tranexamic Acid for Hemostasis of an Oral Bleed in a Patient on a Direct Oral Anticoagulant
Authors: Boccio Eric , Hultz Kyle , Wong Ambrose
Published: May 2020

Introduction: Tranexamic acid (TXA) is an antifibrinolytic agent currently approved and utilized in the treatment of dysfunctional uterine bleeding, traumatic extracranial hemorrhage, anterior epistaxis, and dental procedures on patients with hemophilia. There is a paucity of literature evaluating the use of TXA for hemostasis in patients on direct oral anticoagulants (DOACs).

Case Report: Our patient, a 72 year-old male on rivaroxaban, presented with persistent bleeding following a punch biopsy of the buccal mucosa. Given the site of bleeding, inability to effectively tamponade, patient’s anticoagulated state, and risk of impending airway compromise, a dressing was soaked with 500 milligram (mg) of TXA and was held in place with pressure using a makeshift clamp until a thrombus formed. Hemostasis was achieved preventing the need for acute ENTotolaryngologic intervention and/or intubation. The patient was observed in the medical setting overnight and discharged home without any recurrence of bleeding or adverse events.

Discussion: This case report describes our experience achieving hemostasis for an otherwise uncontrollable oral bleed in an anticoagulated patient on a DOAC who could not be reversed. Intervention is simple to perform, cost-effective, and requires few resources which are readily available in most emergency departments.

Conclusion: We report a novel application of TXA to control an oral mucosal bleed in an anticoagulated patient which was on a DOAC refractory to traditional measures.
Pyogenic Flexor Tenosynovitis as a Rare Complication of Dyshidrotic Eczema
Authors: Nimjareansuk Waroot , Rosselli Michael
Published: May 2020

Introduction: Pyogenic flexor tenosynovitis is an unusual complication of dyshidrotic eczema. The diagnosis has traditionally been made by Kanavel’s signs. Point-of-care ultrasound can be a useful adjunct in the diagnosis of this surgical emergency. Case Report: We report the case of a 23-year-old male who presented with right middle finger pain and swelling and an overlying eczematous rash. The use of point-of-care ultrasound was performed to aid in the diagnosis of pyogenic flexor tenosynovitis. An incision and drainage was performed with deep wound cultures positive for Staphylococcus aureus. Discussion: The presentation of pyogenic flexor tenosynovitis with underlying concomitant dermatological disease can complicate this challenging diagnosis. Point-of-care ultrasound can be an effective adjunct in revealing pyogenic flexor tenosynovitis rather than relying solely on the classical Kanavel’s signs, leading to earlier treatment. Conclusion: Our case demonstrates that point-of-care ultrasound can be a rapid and effective tool for the diagnosis of pyogenic flexor tenosynovitis in the setting of superimposed dermatological diseases.
Fever Unmasked Brugada Syndrome in Pediatric Patient: A Case Report
Authors: Mirzapolos Orhay , Marshall Perry , Brill April
Published: May 2020

Introduction: Brugada syndrome is an arrhythmogenic disorder that is a known cause of sudden cardiac death. It is characterized by a pattern of ST segment elevation in the precordial leads on an electrocardiogram (EKG) due to a sodium channelopathy.

Case Report: This case report highlights the case of a five-year-old female who presented to the emergency department with a febrile viral illness and had an EKG consistent with Brugada syndrome.

Discussion: Fever is known to accentuate or unmask EKG changes associated with Brugada due to temperature sensitivity of the sodium channels.

Conclusion: Febrile patients with Brugada are at particular risk for fatal ventricular arrhythmias and fevers should be treated aggressively by the emergency medicine provider. Emergency medicine providers should also consider admitting febrile patients with Brugada syndrome who do not have an automatic implantable cardioverter-defibrillator for cardiac monitoring.
Heroin Adulterated with the Novel Synthetic Cannabinoid, 5F-MDMB-PINACA: A Case Series
Authors: Ershad Muhammed , Dela Cruz Maricel , Mostafa Ahmed , Khalid Muhammad , Arnold Ryan , Hamilton Richard
Published: May 2020

Introduction: Heroin can be adulterated with various substances that may or may not have pharmacological effects. Here we report a case series of 8 patients who presented to the emergency department after overdose with intravenous heroin preparation adulterated with the synthetic cannabinoid methyl 2-(1-(5-fluoropentyl)-1H-indazole-3-carboxamido)-3,3-dimethylbutanoate (5F-MDMB-PINACA).

Case Series: Except for one patient, all of them presented with a typical initial opioid toxidrome consisting of central nervous system and respiratory depression along with pinpoint pupils. Naloxone was given to them, triggering severe agitation and combative behavior along with overlapping features of anticholinergic and sympathomimetic toxidrome. All patients required multiple doses of benzodiazepines. Three were successfully treated with physostigmine.

Discussion: 5F-MDMB-PINACA is a synthetic cannabinoid that was added to heroin in samples obtained from patients reported in this case series. Patients demonstrated significant agitation after receiving naloxone for opioid toxidrome, presumably because of the removal of the depressant effect of opioids, which unmasked the excitatory effects of the synthetic cannabinoids. Three patients required physostigmine along with the benzodiazepines for control of their agitation, urine retention and abnormal vitals, suggesting the possibility of an anticholinergic toxidrome to have developed in these patients.

Conclusion: Heroin contaminated with 5F-MDMB-PINACA exhibits variable severities of anticholinergic effects, some on presentation and others only after opiate antagonism.
Heterotopic Pregnancy Diagnosed with Point-of-care Ultrasound in the Emergency Department: A Case Report
Authors: Holley Ian , Stickles Sean
Published: May 2020

Introduction: Heterotopic pregnancies are rare. However, they are occurring with increasing frequency. Unfortunately, diagnosis is frequently delayed, with patients presenting in extremis.

Case Report: We present a case of a heterotopic pregnancy diagnosed by point-of-care ultrasound (POCUS) in a woman presenting with lower abdominal pain, who had a documented normal first trimester ultrasound the day prior to presentation.

Discussion: Given the increasing rates of heterotopic pregnancies, we can no longer be reassured by the presence of an intra-uterine pregnancy (IUP) in a patient with concerning signs and symptoms of a ruptured ectopic pregnancy. A thorough POCUS evaluation of the uterus and adnexa is essential for the diagnosis of heterotopic pregnancy in the emergency department.

Conclusion: This case highlights the value POCUS brings to the emergency department evaluation of patients in early pregnancy.