bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Characterization of phase changes during fabrication of copper alloys, crystalline and non-crystalline, prepared by mechanical alloying
Authors: Rojas Paula , Martínez Carola , Aguilar Claudio , Briones Francisco , Zelaya María Eugenia , Guzman Danny
Published: December 2016

The manufacture of alloys in solid state has many differences with the conventional melting (casting) process. In the case of high energy milling or mechanical alloying, phase transformations of the raw materials are promoted by a large amount of energy that is introduced by impact with the grinding medium; there is no melting, but the microstructural changes go from microstructural refinement to amorphization in solid state. This work studies the behavior of pure metals (Cu and Ni), and different binary alloys (Cu-Ni and Cu-Zr), under the same milling/mechanical alloying conditions. After high-energy milling, X ray diffraction (XRD) patterns were analyzed to determine changes in the lattice parameter and find both microstrain and crystallite sizes, which were first calculated using the Williamson-Hall (W-H) method and then compared with the transmission electron microscope (TEM) images. Calculations showed a relatively appropriate approach to observations with TEM; however, in general, TEM observations detect heterogeneities, which are not considered for the W-H method. As for results, in the set of pure metals, we show that pure nickel undergoes more microstrain deformations, and is more abrasive than copper (and copper alloys). In binary systems, there was a complete solid solution in the Cu-Ni system and a glass-forming ability for the Cu-Zr, as a function of the Zr content. Mathematical methods cannot be applied when the systems have amorphization because there are no equations representing this process during milling. A general conclusion suggests that, under the same milling conditions, results are very different due to the significant impact of the composition: nickel easily forms a solid solution, while with a higher zirconium content there is a higher degree of glassforming ability.
Physical characteristics of pipes as indicators of structural state for decision-making considerations in sewer asset management
Authors: López Kleine Liliana , Hernandez Nathalie , Torres Andres
Published: December 2016

Sewer deterioration is a problem that affects many cities of the world. This affects the structural state of the sewer systems, as well as its hydraulic capacity and the service level. As a consequence, the sewer system stakeholders are working on the development of a proactive sewer management to make decision in time and avoid public emergencies. Therefore, the objective of this work was to predict the variable state using a clustering algorithm (k-means) in Bogotá’s sewer pipes based on its physical characteristics. Among the most representative results was to find a relationship between pipes’ characteristics and their structural state (chi-squared). Furthermore, the slope and ground level variables were the most related ones to the state of the pipes. The detected relationships are linear and can be used to make management decisions when pipes are clustered and the clusters are mapped on a principal component plane.
Chlorophenols in organic synthesis
Authors: Mitin V. V. , Ivanova E. A. , Prokhorova P. E. , Morzherin Yu. Yu.
Published: December 2016

This article reviews the alternatives for modifications of p-chlorophenols, p-chloroanisoles with the formation of C-C, C-N, C-S and C-B bonds. It is worth noting the high fundamental as well as practical importance of these reactions due to the availability and cheapness of initial chlorine substituted derivatives of phenol.
Politische Melancholie. Tropen des Marxismus um 1968
Authors: Peitsch Helmut
Published: December 2016

Zum Teil «in derselben Bibliothek gesessen» haben 1968 zwei Doktoranden, die über das Thema Melancholie arbeiteten – literaturwissenschaftlich Gert Mattenklott, soziologisch Wolf Lepenies: «wir kannten uns nicht», merkte Mattenklott 1994 in einem lebensgeschichtlichen Interview zur Wissenschaftsgeschichte an und fügte hinzu: «Mit ganz anderen Thesen freilich».
Wenn möglich, eine Zigarre. Ein Gespräch mit Eleonore Büning
Authors: Rihm Wolfgang
Published: December 2016

Herr Rihm, ob es Ihnen gefällt oder nicht: Sie sind ein Inbegriff krisenfesten Komponierens. Das hat man Ihnen schon vor Jahren auf den Kopf zu gesagt. Der viel zu früh verstorbene Musikwissenschaftler Reinhold Brinkmann berichtet zum Beispiel davon, wie er einst, 1982, nach der Premiere von "Tutuguri" mit Ihnen gemeinsam durchs nächtliche Westberlin gelaufen sei, zu dritt, denn Luigi Nono war auch dabei. Sie hätten geredet, geschwärmt, von der Vision einer totalen Freiheit in der Musik und dem Problem, sie doch notieren zu müssen.
Frequency of Microsporidial Infection in Immunocompromised Patients with Staining and Molecular Methods Based on Internal Transcribed Spacer Region Gene in Two Cities of Southwest Iran during 2013-2014
Authors: Kazemi Ebrahim , Tavalla Mehdi , Maraghi Sharif , Yad Mohammad Jafaryad , Latifi Mahmoud
Published: December 2016

Microsporidiosisis anopportunistic infection frequently diagnosed in immunocompromised patients. Microsporidiosis causes symptomatic or asymptomatic infections immunocompromised/immunosuppressed patients may experience severe and disseminated microsporidiosis. Fecal samples were taken from 186 patients with human immunodeficiency virus (86) and cancer (100). Microsporidia spp. were detected 27.9% (24/86) and 11.6% (10/86) in HIV + patients, 18% (18/100) and 7% (7/100) of cancer patients using polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and trichrome staining respectively. Enterocytozoon bieneusi was detected in 28(66.7%) patients, while Encephalitozoon intestinalis was detected in 10 (23.8%) patients. Encephalitozoon cuniculi was detected in only one patient, while Encephalitozoon hellem was detected in three patients. Microsporidia was significantly higher in patients with diarrhea than those without diarrhea (P = 0.001). CD4 T cells blood count was significantly lower (<200 cells/μl blood) in HIV+ patients with Microsporidia (P = 0.001). Also, there was significant difference between contact with animals with positive results of HIV+ and cancer patients (P< 0.005). This study confirmed that PCR technique was more sensitive than trichrome staining for diagnosis. Moreover, intestinal microsporidiosis caused diarrhea in HIV+ and cancer patients. This influenced treatment. Therefore, early diagnosis of microsporidiosis is effective on treatment strategies.
La incorporación del concepto del bloque de constitucionalidad en materia de derechos humanos en México
Authors: Morales Morales Alejandra Virginia
Published: December 2016

La Constitución es entendida cómo el eje regulador de un Estado de derecho, cuya finalidad será garantizar a todas las personas por igual sus derechos. Sin embargo, también deben de existir los medios idóneos para garantizar la defensa de la Constitución para conservar la normativa; prevenir su violación, y conservar el orden jurídico.

Para la efectiva protección de los derechos humanos y garantias individuales algunos países de Latinoamérica han incluido en sus constituciones un bloque constitucional, entendido éste como aquellas normas y principios que, sin aparecer formalmente en el articulado del texto constitucional, son utilizados como parámetros del control de constitucionalidad.
El sindicato y sus retos ante las transformaciones económicas y sociales
Authors: Vargas Ávila Rodrigo
Published: December 2016

En este ensayo se analizan los principales retos que, como consecuencia de las transformaciones económicas y sociales, enfrenta el sindicato en la actualidad y algunas respuestas que podrían implementarse tendientes a la superación de la crisis por la que atraviesan.
El abuso de confianza y el hurto agravado por la confianza en la responsabilidad penal empresarial en Colombia
Authors: Abello Gual Jorge Arturo
Published: December 2016

En el presente trabajo se analizan la responsabilidad penal del representante legal y de los trabajadores por la administración fraudulenta de los recursos de una compañía. Para estos efectos, la doctrina y la jurisprudencia han establecido que el representante legal responde por el delito de abuso de confianza, mientras que el empleado responde por el delito de hurto calificado por la confianza. El estudio indaga sobre los presupuestos que soportan las consecuencias anteriores, y plantea la posibilidad de darle un trato igual.
Orientaciones doctrinarias sobre la identificación de normas consuetudinarias y derecho internacional
Authors: Pinto Basto Lupi André Lipp
Published: December 2016

Este trabajo presenta las múltiples orientaciones ofrecidas por la doctrina especializada en Derecho Internacional para la identificación de la costumbre internacional, con la finalidad de demostrar la transformación del proceso de definición de la costumbre en una actividad practica y técnicamente dirigida. Con eso, se quiere contribuir para incrementar el uso de normas consuetudinarias por académicos, abogados y jueces.
La evolución del derecho a la educación en Colombia entre 1820 a 1876, como un derecho económico, social y cultural
Authors: González Serrano Andrés
Published: December 2016

Al examinar la evolución del derecho a la educación en la Nueva Granada, la Gran Colombia y los Estados Unidos de Colombia, se evidencia un importante esfuerzo por parte de Francisco de Paula Santander y Mariano Ospina Rodríguez de promover el desarrollo de la educación como un derecho que debía ser gratuito y obligatorio.

Sin embargo, el proyecto iniciado por Santander y Ospina Rodríguez y demás presidentes de la época comprendida entre 1820 a 1876, tiene como obstáculo los problemas sociales, políticos, culturales y las guerras civiles que tenían como fin la búsqueda de la autonomía, libertad e independencia.
Análisis teórico-jurídico del problema de los sistemas financieros duales en Colombia
Authors: González Sánchez Eidelman Javier
Published: December 2016

Por medio de este artículo he querido hacer un análisis teórico de un caso particular, se trata concretamente de la crisis de la captación ilegal de recursos por parte de las denominadas "captadoras ilegales" de dinero en Colombia, crisis que explotó en el mes de noviembre de 2008.

En ese sentido tengo dos objetivos con mi ensayo uno general y otro específico; por una parte tengo como objetivo analizar un caso práctico desde la teoría para tener conclusiones en ese tema a partir de las concepciones de los diferentes autores estudiados en los últimos meses; y por otra parte de manera más general el objetivo es demostrar que las indagaciones teóricas no son gaseosas pegadas en la estratosfera, sino por el contrario son útiles y pueden tener efectos en la práctica y realidad jurídica.
Valoración del servicio público de seguridad social venezolano a 5 años de su creación
Authors: Mora Bastidas Freddy Alberto
Published: December 2016

Con la presente investigación se valoró el servicio de seguridad social venezolano a 5 años de su creación. Se puede afirmar que el constituyente de 1999 creo el Servicio Publico de Seguridad Social y garantizo el derecho a la seguridad social, convirtiéndose en una política de Estado destinada a la atención de los habitantes en un conjunto de áreas o contingencias familiares, personales y sociales que inciden en las relaciones laborales. En la presente investigación documental de tipo descriptiva y analítica se concluye que luego de cinco (5) años de la creación legal del Sistema de Seguridad Social, el Estado no ha logrado la implementación del Servicio Publico de Seguridad Social, afectando no solo el cumplimiento del mandato contenido en el Art. 2, 3 y 86 constitucional; desatendiendo la protección social de todos los beneficios del Sistema. Con la Creación del Servicio Publico de Seguridad Social se debe complementar el régimen legal de protección social de las relaciones laborales, pero contradictoriamente existe una omisión y retardo por parte del Estado en el aseguramiento del derecho a la seguridad social debido al retardo en la aprobación de dos (2) leyes de desarrollo y la negativa del Estado en la activación de las funciones de la Tesorería y la Superintendencia de la Seguridad Social. Se sugiere cumplir en un lapso perentorio con el desarrollo legal y reglamentario del Sistema de Seguridad Social y por un lado la implementación inmediata del Sistema de Seguridad Social para lograr el desarrollo de un Estado de justicia social.
Administración económica, fiscal y de hacienda en la Nueva Granada
Authors: Blanco Blanco Jacqueline
Published: December 2016

Al examinar la administración económica del Estado durante la Nueva Granada, especialmente durante el gobierno del General Francisco de Paula Santander, se encuentra un importante esfuerzo por vincular el desarrollo económico del país a una propuesta de orden liberal orientada hacia la ampliación de la producción y el fortalecimiento del comercio, fundamentalmente el de exportación. El proyecto contrasta con el estado de pobreza en que se encontraba la economía rural basada principalmente en la explotación de la mano de obra esclava, con la languidez del comercio de productos como café, cacao, algodón y añil, y con el escaso desarrollo de la manufactura artesanal en el país.

En consecuencia la vinculación al mercado internacional de la Nueva Granada durante este período resultó atropellada. La administración estatal del referido proyecto económico enfrentó la corrupción pública incontrolada, que desembocó en el progresivo deterioro del fisco, lo cual imposibilitó alcanzar los logros previstos en cuanto al mejoramiento de las condiciones sociales, culturales, educativas, y de bienestar material y general.
Los tres sistemas de protección de los derechos fundamentales en la Unión Europea y las medidas excepcionales contra el terrorismo: el caso de las extradiciones extraordinarias (extraordinary renditions) especial referencia al caso español
Authors: Becerra Ramírez José De Jesús , Hernández Godinez Alfonso , Barba Alvarez Rogelio
Published: December 2016

Se analiza el impacto generado en los tres niveles de protección de los derechos fundamentales en Europa, a raíz de las denuncias que señalan la presunta complicidad de gobiernos europeos en vuelos secretos de la CIA para combatir el terrorismo internacional. También se discuten las respuestas dadas por cada uno de estos ámbitos de protección, en las cuales se pone a prueba el sistema de tutela de los derechos.
Actuaciones de la policía judicial que requieren orden del fiscal y control judicial posterior
Authors: Daza González Alfonso
Published: December 2016

Se analizan en éste artículo las actuaciones que la Policía Judicial desarrolla por orden del Fiscal General o delegado y que se encuentran sometidas a control judicial posterior.
Posición de garante de los miembros de la fuerza pública
Authors: Vargas García Jaime
Published: December 2016

En los medios de comunicación de Colombia aparecen continuas informaciones relacionadas con la ocurrencia de hechos de violencia en nuestro país que principalmente afectan a la población civil por la acción de grupos al margen de la ley, por los cuales se viene atribuyendo responsabilidad al Estado y consecuencias penales y disciplinarias por comisión por omisión contra miembros de la Fuerza Pública. Todo parte de "la posición de garante" de las Fuerzas Militares en relación con la defensa nacional y de la Policía sobre la seguridad nacional que obliga a todos sus miembros a proteger la vida y los demás derechos fundamentales relacionados con este de todos los residentes en Colombia. Precisamente el artículo 25 de la Ley 522 de 1999 se encarga de regular la posición de garante en Colombia y el tema adquiere mayor importancia cuando se trata de juzgar conductas de miembros de la Fuerza Pública debido a que la imputación de la omisión se origina precisamente en la delimitación de los ámbitos de competencia de estas instituciones. Sin embargo, la experiencia del conflicto armado nos indica que no existen fronteras perfectamente delimitadas entre las funciones de defensa y seguridad nacional y en el caso de la misma omisión impropia y la posición de garante hay posiciones doctrinales divergentes que no ofrecen ninguna seguridad al asunto y que dificultan la aplicación de esta figura tal como lo reseñamos a lo largo del trabajo y como los destacan importantes autores nacionales y extranjeros. Todo lo anterior viene afectando el desarrollo de las causas penales y a ello se suman las deficiencias del sistema judicial de Colombia particularmente el cuestionamiento nacional e internacional de la jurisdicción penal militar y las sanciones adoptadas por la Corte Interamericana de Derechos Humanos contra el Estado Colombiano. Así mismo, el "concepto de relación con el servicio" del artículo 221 de la carta Política nos parece que merece un análisis particular por que en los análisis que realizaron dentro del trabajo de investigación estos nos indican que su comportamiento en la omisión impropia es distinto al de la acción por cuanto el "servicio que presta la Fuerza Pública" es a su vez la base y el fundamento de la posición de garante y en consecuencia, el eje central de la imputación penal y disciplinaria. El trabajo se orientó a demostrar el estado actual de la cuestión por esta razón nos parece oportuno dar a conocer los resultados obtenidos respecto de la "posición de garante" con la idea de iniciar la discusión académica que merece esta figura jurídica.
Is there a link between TNF gene expression and cognitive deficits in depression?
Authors: Bobińska Kinga , Gałecka Elżbieta , Szemraj Janusz , Gałecki Piotr , Talarowska Monika
Published: December 2016

Neuroinflammation is a known factor in the pathogenesis of recurrent depressive disorders. Depression is accompanied by activated immune-inflammatory pathways including increased levels of TNFα, sTNFR1and sTNFR2.The purpose of this study was to analyse the TNF-α, TNFRSF1A and TNFRSF1B genes on both mRNA and protein levels in patients with rDD, and to investigate the relationship between TNF-α,TNFRSF1A and TNFRSF1B gene expression and cognitive performance. The study comprised 158 subjects: patients with recurrent depressive disorder (n=89) and healthy subjects (n=69). Cognitive function assessment was based on: Trail Making Test, The Stroop Test, Verbal Fluency Test and Auditory Verbal Learning Test. Both mRNA and protein expression levels of all genes were significantly higher in rDD subjects when compared to healthy controls. No statistically significant correlations were observed between the analysed variables in both the rDD group and the HS test group. The only exception was noticed in the HS test group, where increased expression of TNFRSF1A and TNFRSF1B gene negatively affected the performance of the AVLT test. However, statistically significant correlations between TNF, TNFRSF1A, TNFRSF1B mRNA gene expression levels and all the neuropsychological tests used in the survey for the entire group were observed.
1.The results of our study show increased expression of the TNF, TNFRSF1A and TNFRSF1B genes on both mRNA and protein levels in depression. 2. Elevated expression of TNF-α, TNFRSF1A and TNFRSF1B negatively correlates with cognitive efficiency: working memory, executive functions, attention, auditory-verbal memory, effectiveness of learning processes and verbal fluency.
Call for Proposals for CAPAL17
Authors: . .
Published: December 2016

No abstract.
The Effects of Online Interactions on the Relationship Between Learning-Related Anxiety and Intention to Persist Among E-Learning Students with Visual Impairment
Authors: Oh Yunjin , Lee Soon Min
Published: December 2016

This study explored whether learning-related anxiety would negatively affect intention to persist with e-learning among students with visual impairment, and examined the roles of three online interactions in the relationship between learning-related anxiety and intention to persist with e-learning. For this study, a convenience sample of e-learning students with visual impairment was collected in Seoul, Korea over three weeks from November to December 2012. One hundred and three students completed the survey via email or telephone. The results showed significant associations between learning-related anxiety and intention to persist with e-learning. Three types of online interactions had different roles in and effects on the relationship between learning-related anxiety and intention to persist. Suggestions for improving intention to persist among students with visual impairment and for facilitating online communications were discussed.
Ethical Considerations in the Practical Application of the Unisa Socio-Critical Model of Student Success
Authors: Fynn Angelo
Published: December 2016

The prediction and classification of student performance has always been a central concern within higher education institutions. It is therefore natural for higher education institutions to harvest and analyse student data to inform decisions on education provision in resource constrained South African environments. One of the drivers for the use of learning and academic analytics is the pressures for greater accountability in the areas of improved learning outcomes and student success. Added to this is the pressure on local government to produce well-educated populace to participate in the economy. The counter discourse in the field of big data cautions against algocracy where algorithms takeover the human process of democratic decision making. Proponents of this view argue that we run the risk of creating institutions that are beholden to algorithms predicting student success but are unsure of how they work and are too afraid to ignore their guidance. This paper aims to discuss the ethics, values, and moral arguments revolving the use of big data using a practical demonstration of learning analytics applied at Unisa.
Immunohistochemical Detection of FOXP3 Shows Stimulatory Effect of Metformin on Thymus Regulatory T-Cells in Type 2 Diabetic Mice
Authors: Sameh S. Akkila  , Mustafa M. Ibraheem  , Ahmed F. Hameed
Published: December 2016

Metformin is an adjuvant drug used in the treatment of obesity and diabetes, two conditions associated with stress and chronic inflammation that affects thymus structure and function. Recent evidence suggests a complex role of metformin in thymic homeostasis. The study was designed to develop an animal model of obesity and type 2 diabetes, and treat it with metformin to evaluate its effects on the thymus. In addition, its general effects on body weight and blood glucose level were also investigated. Over a period of 6 weeks, 30 albino male mice (4-5 weeks) were fed either regular chow (control group, N=10) or high fat diet (obese group). The obese group was then subjected to low dose streptozotocin induction of diabetes and divided into two subgroups, one of which was treated with metformin (N=10) while the other was not (N=10). Body weight, random blood sugar, relative thymus weight were recorded. Thymic tissue sections were stained with H & E to study general histology and with single immunohistochemical stain to detect regulatory T-cell using FOXP3 marker. Thymic corticomedullary ratio and regulator cell frequency were calculated. Metformin was successful in reducing body weight and blood glucose levels in treated animals. The thymus had higher relative weight and less cortical cellularity but more frequently counted regulatory cells. Untreated animals showed signs of thymic involution but increased corticomedullary ration in response to reduced regulator cell counts. Metformin has both direct and indirect effects in correcting metabolic abnormalities associated with obesity and diabetes. These effects are anti-inflammatory and may be responsible for stimulation of thymic immunosuppressive cells. Contrariwise, obesity and diabetes have detrimental effects on thymus structure and homeostasis.
Effects of different P-sources in soil on increasing growth and mineral uptake of mycorrhizal Vitis vinifera L. (cv Victoria) vines
Authors: Nikolaou Nikolaos , Karagiannidis N. , Koundouras Stefanos , Fysarakis I.
Published: December 2016

The effect of different P-sources on growth, leaf chemical composition, and fruit soluble solids and acid content was evaluated in mycorrhizal Victoria grapevine variety gralted onto the rootstocks 3309C or 11 OR. Mycorrhizal and non mycorrhizal plants were grown in 20 L pots containing 20 kg soil supplemented with different P-forms: (Calcium bis-dihydrogen-phosphate, tri-calcium phosphate, aluminium phosphate, iron (III) phosphate) with different solubility, equivalent to 90 kg P.ha-1. The percent of mycorrhizal root colonization was higher in insoluble P-form treatments compared to control or to soluble P-form treatment (CaDP), ranging from 66 to 84 % in treatments receiving insoluble P, from 36.67 to 38.33 % in control and from 25.33 to 27.33 % in soluble P-form treatments. The roots of 110R rootstock showed higher colonization rate compared to the 3309C. Mycorrhizal colonization increased both the pruning weight and number of nodes of the vines, up to 9 and 1.9 times respectively, according to the rootstock- P form combination. Mycorrhizal vines showed increased leaf concentrations in N, P, K, Ca. Fruit total soluble solids of mycorrhizal vines were about 30 % lower compared with those of the non mycorrhizal vines. Both factors, mycorrhizal colonization and P-forms had no significant effect in fruit titratable acidity.
Adaptive Integral Sliding Mode Control via Fuzzy Logic for Variable Speed Wind Turbines
Authors: Ren Yan ,   China Three Gorges Corporation, Gong Chuanli , Wang Dekuan , Qian Dianwei ,   North China University of Water Resources and Electric Power,   China Institute of Water Resources and Hydropower Research,   School of Control and Computer Engineering, North China Electric Power University
Published: December 2016

[abstFig src='/00280006/16.jpg' width='300' text='Schematic of a wind turbine' ] Concerning variable speed wind turbines, this study suggests a control scheme that combines integral sliding mode control (I-SMC) and fuzzy logic. The control task is to maintain the output power at the rated value for variable operating points. Wind turbines suffer from serious nonlinearities that challenge the control task. To attack the issue, the nonlinear turbine model is linearized at some typical operating points. Then, pitch-angle and generator-torque controllers based on the linearized turbine models are formulated by the I-SMC approach. Meanwhile, a fuzzy inference system is designed to weight those controllers. Not only the scheme can stabilize nonlinear wind turbines, but also the control system is robust to resist wind-speed variations. Some results are presented to show the performance of the control scheme.
The Presidential Persona Paradox of Barack Obama: Man of Peace or War President?
Authors: Totman Sally , Hardy Mat
Published: December 2016

On a wave of hope and rousing talk of building global bridges, President Barack Obama won office in 2008, in part on a pledge to end the wars in Afghanistan and Iraq and to close the Guantanamo Bay detention facility. In contrast to his predecessor, who launched America into long, costly and ineffectual wars, Obama was seen to be more of a dove than a hawk. However, at the end of his two-term tenure America has been in a state of foreign belligerence for all eight years, making Obama the longest serving U.S. war president in history.
The political persona of Obama as a dove originated with his opposition to the 2003 intervention in Iraq while he was still a senator. This was then cemented early in his presidency with his 2009 speech in Cairo, which seemed to signal a profound and optimistic realignment of America’s intentions towards the Middle East and its peoples. This speech was a watershed in defining his political persona and was instrumental in his being the only U.S. president to be awarded a Nobel Peace Prize while still in office. However, during his term the underlying political landscape of the Middle East changed significantly, with the withdrawal from then return to Iraq, the nuclear agreement with Iran, the increasingly chaotic legacy of the Arab Spring, the continued impasse of the Israel-Palestinian peace, the disintegration of Yemen and Libya and the rise of the Islamic State as the new threat in the political vacuum of northern Iraq and eastern Syria, and a resurgent Russian role in the region. All of these have provided novel challenges to Washington and a president attempting to live up to the positivity of his early days in office.
At the end of his presidency Obama is faced with a public burned by the disappointments of the Iraq and Afghanistan campaigns and the new entanglements in the Middle East. This paper seeks to offer insights into the juxtaposition of Obama’s political persona and reality, as well as exploring what his political legacy might really be.
Primeiros estudos funcionalistas sobre a repetição na oralidade no Corpus Português Culto de Vitória da Conquista
Authors: Santos Lorenna Oliveira dos
Published: December 2016

Neste artigo, estudaremos um fenômeno linguístico frequentemente utilizado na oralidade, a repetição. Para tal estudo, basear-nos-emos, principalmente, nos estudos Funcionalistas propostos por Castilho (1994), Givón (1995) e Oliveira (1998), com o objetivo de caracterizar as estruturas repetidas, identificando-as quanto à forma e à função e demonstrando como elas são regidas pelos princípios de iconicidade e de marcação expressiva. Para tanto, retiraremos, do Corpus Português Culto de Vitória da Conquista, ocorrências de elementos lexicais, sintagmáticos e oracionais e os classificaremos segundo os seguintes aspectos funcionais: a enumeração, a paralelização e o reforço.
Marcas do dizer: sentidos do Arraial do Cuyabá
Authors: Karim Taisir Mahmudo
Published: December 2016

Este trabalho examina o movimento semântico, marcado ao longo dos tempos, do nome Arraial do Cuyabá, enunciado pela primeira vez em um documento oficial de 1719. As análises serão tomadas de uma posição enunciativa (GUIMARÃES, 2002), que considera que o estudo da significação deve se dar no acontecimento do dizer, posição que perpassa pelos estudos de enunciação de Benveniste e Ducrot. Para compreendermos o funcionamento desse movimento, que diz da história enunciativa do nome Arraial do Cuyabá, vamos observar a dispersão semântica que se apresenta, pelo efeito da evidência, como una na sua relação integrativa de texto. Para tanto, tomamos alguns acontecimentos enunciativos, considerando uma ordem cronológica crescente, que trazem o nome Arraial do Cuyabá.
A historicidade da linguagem nas novas configurações familiares: um olhar jurídico
Authors: Pereira Santos Adriana de Moraes
Published: December 2016

O presente artigo objetiva discutir a maneira como os princípios constitucionais, a lei e as jurisprudências relacionadas às novas formas de família vêm sendo abordadas no âmbito das ciências jurídicas. Para isso, toma-se como lugar de investigação os postulados teóricos da Análise de Discurso de linha francesa e a Semântica Histórica da Enunciação, a fim de refletir sobre o funcionamento da linguagem jurídica, sobre o alcance ou as transformações que são produzidas, a partir dela, na constituição e posturas dos sujeitos ante as novas tendências relacionadas à igualdade de direitos entre homens, mulheres e homoafetivos, bem como compreender o modo como a materialidade da lei e a interpretação dos tribunais afetam a questão do casamento, da união estável e da guarda dos filhos ante aos novos arranjos familiares. Além de evidenciar como a lógica dos tribunais, manifestada em seus julgados, garante, materialmente, o exercício do Direito e legitima, valida as expressões vigentes na sociedade.
A expressão de finalidade na construção de movimento com propósito em português
Authors: Oréfice Patrícia , Rodrigues Angélica Terezinha Carmo
Published: December 2016

Neste artigo, discutimos a relação de finalidade na Construção de Movimento com Propósito, que é formada pela sequência, contígua ou não, de dois verbos, sendo que o primeiro é sempre um verbo de movimento orientado e o segundo apresenta-se sempre na forma não finita. Adotamos um modelo cognitivo-funcional, em que são priorizadas as noções de construção, segundo o paradigma da gramática das construções (GOLDBERG, 1995), metáfora conceptual (LAKOFF; JOHNSON, 1980; LAKOFF, 1992), gramaticalização (HOPPER; TRAUGOTT, 2003) e tipologia de combinações de cláusulas (LEHMANN, 1988; CRISTOFARO, 2005) para analisar a relação dessa construção com a oração adverbial final dentro de um continuum de integração de cláusulas complexas.
Casos de criação e remotivação de lexias textuais em João Cabral de Melo Neto: crítica social, ironia e expressividade
Authors: Cotrim Rosana Maria Sant'Ana
Published: December 2016

Este artigo tem por objetivo apresentar uma análise das criações e remotivações de lexias textuais, concebidas como uma forma de neologia estilística e como um recurso discursivo da poética de João Cabral de Melo Neto, escritor pernambucano teoricamente enquadrado no Modernismo brasileiro. A análise aponta que as unidades resultantes deste processo de criação lexical na poética cabralina e os respectivos efeitos de sentido por elas alcançados no nível do discurso expressam ironia e irreverência e vão ao encontro da temática abordada em cada contexto em que se inserem, de modo a reiterar o caráter de crítica histórico-social de sua obra e corroborar o processo de superação da dicotomia entre expressão e construção primado pelo poeta.
Dados sintáticos do português brasileiro em gramáticas brasileiras oitocentistas
Authors: Polachini Bruna Soares , Danna Stela Maris Detregiacchi Gabriel
Published: December 2016

No início do século XIX, emerge uma gramaticografia brasileira do português, mas é apenas no final do século que dados sintáticos típicos de um português falado no Brasil ganham relevância nessas obras. No mesmo período, ocorre uma ruptura teórico-metodológica em benefício de uma corrente que prezava particularidades e comparação entre línguas. Esta nova orientação rompia com uma abordagem filosófica de estudo das línguas. Neste trabalho, procuramos observar as obras já analisadas por Coelho, Danna e Polachini (2014) por outro ângulo. Nosso objetivo é realizar um detalhado estudo dos dados linguísticos selecionados pelos gramáticos no tratamento que deram à sintaxe em suas obras, e verificar se a presença de PB, já observada no estudo mencionado, relaciona-se com uma mudança mais geral na seleção de dados das obras.
Abordagem, método e técnica: diálogos e duelos
Authors: Redondo Diego Moreno
Published: December 2016

O presente trabalho apresenta, como eixo central, a análise da concepção de método de cinco professores-coordenadores de cursos de inglês, em cinco institutos privados de idiomas de uma cidade do interior paulista. Com base na teoria sobre método já estabelecida por Anthony (1963), este estudo analisa a concepção de método desses participantes da pesquisa, uma vez que, no contexto dos institutos de idiomas, esses profissionais representam a ideologia da instituição na qual trabalham e, por isso, são responsáveis pela realização de cursos de formação para todos os professores a fim de preparar esses profissionais para ministrar as aulas com base no método utilizado pelo instituto. Além disso, é possível investigar até que ponto os termos abordagem, método e técnica são usados como sinônimos ou com um sentido diferente do estabelecido por Anthony (1963).
Interações fictivas enquanto estratégia comunicativa em sujeitos com agramatismo: um estudo de caso
Authors: Kleppa Lou-Ann
Published: December 2016

Este estudo se insere na Neurolinguística discursivo-enunciativa e pretende apresentar o potencial comunicativo de interações fictivas em estruturas sintaticamente reduzidas, produzidas por dois sujeitos afásicos com agramatismo. Os dados apresentados são estruturados em forma de tópico-comentário e são não-finitos. O conceito de interação fictiva (fictive interaction) foi elaborado por Pascual em 2002 e desde então a autora e colegas vêm trabalhando com o fenômeno no sentido em que são trazidas vozes ao discurso que não correspondem necessariamente a discursos diretos reportados. Nos dados examinados aqui, interações fictivas apresentam um formato peculiar: na fala de OJ, percebe-se predominância de pares de pergunta e resposta, já na fala de MS há maior recorrência de discursos diretos enquadrados numa encenação que demonstra o seu querer-dizer.
Experimental study of multi-effect membrane distillation (MEMD) for treatment of water containing inorganic salts
Authors: Pangarkar Bhausaheb L. , Deshmukh Samir K. , Thorat Prashant V.
Published: December 2016

A novel multi-effect membrane distillation (MEMD) process has been implemented to treat water containing four different inorganic solutes. The 4-stage MEMD module was developed based on the air-gap configuration. The influence of operating parameters like concentration, feed temperature, flow rate and operating time on permeate fluxes of zinc sulfate, sodium fluoride, magnesium chloride and sodium carbonate solutions was observed. Concentration had negligible effect on the MEMD's permeate flux, while its performance increased with increasing feed temperature and flow rate. Its separation efficiency was stable at more than99.91% throughout the experiment. In addition, its specific energy consumption after the recovery of the latent heat of vaporization and sensible heat of brine was measured at different component concentrations and found to be independent of the type of component.
CYCERON O POLITYKU, FILOZOFIE I POLITYCE
Authors: Nieć Mateusz
Published: December 2016

Cyceron about Politician, Philosopher and PoliticsSummary I analize Cyceronian concept of politician and philosopher, two ideas Arpinata present in famous political treatise the „Republic”. Concept of politician is part of political tradition in republic Rome, idea of philosopher expressing authoritative tradition in Hellada. Since III century b. Ch. both ideas have clashed. Politician is modern style of thinking; politician (and politics) are a city (republic), whereas philosopher is traditional style of thinking, philosopher is a village (monarchy). Cyceronian concept of statesman I descriptioned by Platonian theory of the cycle.
‘SI VIVARIIS INCLUSAE FERAE’… STATUS PRAWNY DZIKICH ZWIERZĄT ŻYJĄCYCH W ‘VIVARIA’ I PARKACH MYŚLIWSKICH W PRAWIE RZYMSKIM
Authors: Benincasa Zuzanna
Published: December 2016

‘SI VIVARIIS INCLUSAE FERAE’: THE STATUS IN ROMAN LAW OF WILD ANIMALS KEPT IN ‘VIVARIA’ AND GAME PARKSSummary The paper discusses the legal questions concerning the keeping and rearing of wild animals in game reserves and game parks (vivaria) by Roman landowners. According to the fundamental principle of ius gentium a wild animal was no-one’s property (res nullius) and could be captured by anyone, who then became its owner, regardless of whether the animal was captured on their own or another person’s property. Property owners who established enclosed game reserves near their villas for wild animals such as boars, deer, birds and fish held the exclusive right to hunt the animals on their reserve and enjoy the profit from them, as the animals confined on their property were considered theirs by law. Originally vivaria were small and catered mainly for the needs of the family. As Roman society became more and more affluent vivaria were transformed into large reserves where landowners kept and bred various species of domestic and exotic animals, not only for profit from selling them in the market but also for their own pleasure and to manifest their social status (delectationis causa). Since hunting became a noble sport among upper-class Romans, even huge forest areas were enclosed (therotrophium). According to the literary evidence, by the late Republic profit from vivaria had become a considerable source of revenue for landowners, so Roman jurisprudence had to take the phenomenon into consideration in discussions of various issues related to land management. Roman jurists focused first of all on who owned animals kept in game reserves and game parks: as Paul observed in D. 41,2,3,14 only animals which had been captured and enclosed in a vivarium by the landowner were considered his property, while animals living in the wild (in silvis circumseptis) were still no-one’s property. The other question raised by Roman jurists concerned the usufruct of a vivarium i.e. the way in which the usufructuary could farm the profit and benefits accruing from a game reserve (num exercere eas fructuarius possit, occidere non possit). This problem was resolved by applying an analogical principle to the usufruct of vivaria as for the usufruct of a herd of domestic animals (grex). This solution resolved disputes over who owned a single animal enclosed in a vivarium, and also gave the usufructuary a discretional right to enjoy of a vivarium, while at the same time not putting its owner at risk. The other issue discussed by Roman jurists in the context of game reserves and game parks was whether wild animals and the profit accruing from hunting them should be deemed a fructus fundi.
‘ACCESSIO AB ALLUVIONE’ I ‘REDITUS VENATIONIS ET AUCUPII’ JAKO ‘FRUCTUS FUNDI’. KILKA UWAG NA MARGINESIE PS. 3,6,22
Authors: Benincasa Zuzanna
Published: December 2016

“Accessio ab alluvione” and “reditus venationis et aucupii” as “fructus fundi.” Some Remarks on PS. 3,6,22Summary The paper examines the controversial text of Pauli Sententiae (PS. 3,6,22), in which the question of considering accessio ab alluvione and reditus venationis et aucupii as a fructus fundi is raised. As defined in Gaius’ Institutiones, an alluvio was an imperceptible deposit of soil upon the bank of the river, the process being so gradual and persistent that no-one could perceive how much was added at any specific moment of time. Since it was inseparable from the native soil of the bank, according to the naturalis ratio such a deposit became the property of the owner of the bank. The author of PS. 3,6,22 explains that such [25] ʽAccessio Ab Alluvioneʼ i ʽreditus venAtionis et Aucupiiʼ 159 a deposit (accessio ab alluvione) did not become the property of the usufructuary of the land since it could not be deemed a fruit obtained from the land (fructus fundi). He treats the potential profits deriving from occasional hunting and fowling on the land given in usufruct in a different manner, because in his opinion they belonged to the usufructuary being fructus fundi. According to the communis opinio, the author of PS. 3,6,22 put together two completely different legal questions as a result of misconstruing Ulpian’s view in D. 7,1,9,4-5. However, a more detailed analysis of texts on accessio ab alluvione and reditus venationis et aucupii shows a connection between the two questions. Accessio ab alluvione and wild animals, birds and fish caught on land subject to usufruct could not be considered fructus fundi, since they were part of nature or the result of a natural process (i.e. the natural action of the river), and their acquisition was only occasional and not frequent. But the usufructuary was allowed to gain profit from hunting on the property given in usufruct and uti frui of the land added by alluvio to the land subject to the usufruct. Accordingly, his gains from hunting and fishing and fruits drawn during the enjoyment of the piece of land added by the natural action of the river were conceived as fructus fundi.
DOKUMENTACJA MEDYCZNA W POSTĘPOWANIU KARNYM
Authors: Błachnio Adam
Published: December 2016

Medical Records in Criminal ProceedingsSummary The subject of this article is the issue of medical records in criminal proceedings. First the author discusses the main problems connected with medical records in matters relating to criminal law. He then embarks on a definition of medical records and their types from the point of view of criminal law, the ways in which they are obtained, and the principles governing the collection and keeping of documents of this kind. The author’s aim is not only to emphasise the relevance of medical records for criminal proceedings, but also to draw attention to their specific nature, and hence to their complexity and the potential they offer the judicature to obtain evidence if they are properly collected and kept.
Quality characterization and evaluation of bentonites from the provinces of San Juan and Río Negro (Argentina) for their use in the oil and ceramics industries
Authors: Hidalgo Natalia , Senese Ana , Cano Ester , Sarquís Pedro
Published: December 2016

The aim of this research work is to characterize bentonites, both physically and chemically, as well as mineralogically, from deposits located in the Argentine provinces of San Juan and Rio Negro. The study is completed with technological assays to evaluate the quality of the samples under study so as to determine possible industrial uses and/or applications for this material.
To carry out this work, four samples of bentonite, identified as M1, M3, and M4, from the province of San Juan, and another, identified as M2, from the province of Rio Negro were used. Physical characterization consisted of determining: swelling, density, moisture, pH and specific gravity of the bentonite samples through application of a number of techniques. Chemical characterization of major components was carried out by using wet methods through acid attack, whilst ICP was used to characterize minor components. 79 Mineralogical characterization was carried out by using an infrared spectrometer. The technological assays for evaluating the quality of the bentonite were carried out following the method indicated by the API and SEGEMAR standards, among others, in order to determine possible uses and/or applications, mainly in the oil and ceramics industries.
It was found that the M2 bentonite is the most suitable to be used as a drilling mud as it meets the requirements specified by the API standards. The M3 bentonite, due to its physico-chemical characteristics such as low rheology, swelling, low iron content, amongst others, is the most suitable for the ceramics industry.
CLAROSCUROS EN LAS RELACIONES ENTRE LA ESCOLARIDAD Y EL TRABAJO. CONFIGURACIONES Y LÍMITES
Authors: De Ibarrola María
Published: December 2016

El artículo recupera la historia de la construcción de un cuerpo teórico que busca integrar el mayor número de elementos explicativos acerca de las relaciones entre la escolaridad y el trabajo. Se propone analizar el valor, para ello, de tres grandes categorías intermedias: una matriz de heterogeneidad estructural laboral, el concepto de proyecto socioeducativo de Estado (para la creación de escuelas orientadas a la formación para el trabajo) y el concepto de estructuras institucionales del currículum que prescriben la formación efectivamente ofrecida. El texto describe las aportaciones empíricas derivadas de cuatro grandes proyectos de investigación —y varias investigaciones puntuales— sobre esas relaciones, que han tomado como objeto de estudio poblaciones con distintos niveles de escolaridad, en diferentes sectores laborales, zonas geográficas de México y temporalidades.
EL INVOLUCRAMIENTO DE LAS FAMILIAS EN LA EDUCACIÓN DE LOS NIÑOS. CUATRO REFLEXIONES PARA FORTALECER LA RELACIÓN ENTRE FAMILIAS Y ESCUELAS
Authors: Razeto Alicia
Published: December 2016

Este ensayo aporta cuatro reflexiones para visibilizar la relevancia que tiene el involucramiento de las familias en el sistema educativo, como una variable de la calidad de la educación, y emprender políticas y programas que fortalezcan la relación entre las familias y las escuelas. Las reflexiones son: i) el actuar de las familias influye en el desempeño educativo de los niños; ii) las familias vulnerables están en desventaja desde el punto de vista de su capacidad para apoyar la educación de sus hijos y de relacionarse con la escuela; iii) el Estado valora la participación de las familias en la educación, aunque las iniciativas desplegadas son insuficientes y están desactualizadas; iv) no hay que partir de cero: estudios internacionales entregan recomendaciones para fortalecer la relación entre familias y escuelas.