bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
A cross-sectional analysis of digital panoramic radiographs for the evaluation of elongated styloid process in central Kerala population
Authors: Susan Reji Raina , Padiyath Sheeba , Vijayan Anu , Elizabeth Thomas Anju , Susan Philip Sonia
Published: January 2022

This study aims to investigate the prevalence, morphology and elongation pattern of elongated styloid process in the population of Central Kerala and its relation to age and gender. `

500 digital panoramic radiographs were collected from the archives of Department of Oral Medicine & Radiology, Mar Baselios Dental College taken during 2017-2020. Only those radiographs of patients within age group of 20-60 years and showed styloid processes of both sides with no pathologies in the required structures were included in the study. Radiographs with magnification and positioning errors were excluded. The collected data was entered in an Excel spreadsheet and analyzed using statistical analysis software-SPSS 16.0.

The data was analyzed using chi square test and one way ANOVA.

The average length of right and left styloid processes were 25.61±6.25mm & 25.88±6.67 mm respectively. The study showed that there is a progression in the length of right styloid process with advancing age. In this study females had a longer styloid process compared to males. A predominance of type I elongation is seen in both right and left sides.

: The best protection is early detection. Presence of elongated styloid process is an incidental radiographic finding. However adequate and prompt diagnosis can lead to elimination of associated complications. This study focuses on detection of elongated styloid processes and comparison of length and identification of elongation patterns among right and left sides. These parameters and patterns may help the clinicians to distinguish between normal and elongated styloid processes.
Accessory tongue — A case report
Authors: Sasidharan Manjima
Published: January 2022

Congenital anomalies of tongue happen as a result of disturbances in the embryological development of tongue which starts at fourth month of intra uterine life. Anomalies of tongue are very common and it appears as isolated lesion or as part of any syndrome. Accessory tongue is one of the rarest developmental disorders of tongue. Here is the case report of a non-syndromic accessory tongue in female patient
Haemangioma Pinna- A rare case report
Authors: Singh Harjitpal , Ranot Bharti , Saini Amit , Guleria Trilok Chand , Sharma Disha , Kaur Ravinder
Published: January 2022

Haemangioma is a benign vascular soft tissue tumor which is compressible and nonpulsatile mass it may be non-blanching at times (as in the present case). Such benign vascular lesions frequently occur in the head and neck, approximately 80% are found in these areas. But they are very rare to be found on pinna. In our case, it was excised surgically on histolopathological examination only the diagnosis was made.
Safety concerns of dietary and herbal supplements for typical patients
Authors: Banerjee Swapan
Published: January 2022

The global dietary cum herbal supplements market crossed 140 billion U.S. dollars in 2020 already. Hence, it is evident that the supplements market is growing very fast globally, including India, one of the best potential markets. Market and marketing are always good for a country’s better economy, but safety management is more critical, while health is a concern. This study aims to assess and understand the various safety concerns of dietary cum herbal supplements available globally, where India has focussed more. Some countries believe in the natural products often consumed as supplements without knowing their indications, contraindications, and drug interactions. Hence, this article was written to understand consumers’ and typical patients’ supplements consumption behaviors irrespective of authors’ perception. Easy keywords and phrases such as ‘common dietary supplements,’ ‘popular herbal supplements,’ ‘indications and contraindication of supplements’ were used for the online searches. Many physicians, dietitians, and medical scientists have already shown the adverse effects of some supplements in pregnancy, lactation, and other critical conditions. Still, on the other hand, there are some positive effects in the chronic health issues, including skin and hair health issues, poor immunity, gastric problems, undernutrition. Selective supplements can also help post-operative recovery, muscle, bone, cognitive development, vitamin deficiency, endocrine disorders, and many more. The study has emphasized the government policies and regulations as applicable irrespective of the country. India is the 2 population-based country globally; hence more vigilance is needed at every level of supplement business for public health safety. Moreover, all authors have put their valuable summary that more awareness is required about indications and contraindications of various types of supplements, particularly for typical patients. It’s not only doctors’ or dietitians’ job but everyone’s concern.
Antibiotic drug resistance TB in India
Authors: Gohil Chiragkumar J. , Patel Priyanka R. , Gohil Jignakumari J.
Published: January 2022

Tuberculosis is a disease caused by bacteria spread from person to person through air. TB usually affects the lungs, but it can also affect other parts of the body, such as brain or kidney. Global surveillance has shown that drug resistant TB is widespread and is now a treat to tuberculosis control programs in many countries. This review describes treatment of tuberculosis and the drug resistance problem in India.
Immunomodulatory effect of
Authors: Shivananjappa Mahesh
Published: January 2022

Immunomodulators are being used to revive immune imbalance which helps in preventing and healing many diseases. Phyllanthus niruri (P. niruri) which is commonly called as stone breaker is widely distributed in tropical areas and known for its various ethnomedicinal and pharmacological effects. P. niruri is intensively being studied for its immunomodulating effects because of its wide-ranging uses in treating diseases related to immune system in indigenous medicine by scientifically studying and evaluating it in various clinical trials for the treatment of Pulmonary Tuberculosis, chronic Hepatitis- B, Varicella-Zoster and Vaginitis infection. In such diseases, effective immune system is essential for curing the disease and elimination of the pathogens. It has proved for its ability to modulate and activate the immune system through clinical studies.
Nephroprotective activity of Boerhavia diffusa
Authors: Shivananjappa Mahesh
Published: January 2022

Nephrotoxicity is one of the most common kidney disorders which occurs when the body is exposed to accumulation of drug or toxin and not able to excrete. A number of therapeutic drugs such as antibiotics, chemotherapeutic agents etc., can weaken the kidney function resulting in acute renal failure, chronic interstitial nephritis, impair the renal function and may also lead to toxicity. The phytochemical review of the plant reveals the presence of many bioactive compounds such as sesquiterpenoids, flavonoids, phenols, steroids and alkaloids with different biological activities. These compounds possess potent nephroprotective properties. The extracts of the plants reviewed exhibited significant dose-dependent nephroprotective and nephron-curative activity.
The trend of serum sodium and potassium levels among post-surgical trauma among patients admitted in rural tertiary care unit
Authors: Shetti Akshaya N. , Bhadja Avni , Singla Bhavika , Badhe Vaijayanti K.
Published: January 2022

Operative trauma affects the physiology of ﬂuid and electrolytes within the body. Magnitude and duration of this response is directly proportional to the severity of the trauma. Inorganic electrolytes like sodium, potassium, chloride and calcium are very important constituents of the body. There are preoperative, intraoperative and postoperative changes in both fluid volume and electrolyte compositions.

The cases were selected among the patients operated in the Tertiary Care Hospital and then getting admitted to ICU from November 2020 to April 2021. Males and females, more than 18 years of age, got operated in same hospital were included in the study. The latest preoperative serum sodium and potassium levels had been noted. The postoperative serum sodium and potassium levels along with postoperative day had been noted till the patient was in ICU.

There was gradual rise in the serum sodium level till post-operative day -6 and then it started decreasing and attained its normal preoperative value on post-operative day-11. The preoperative sodium level was restored in all cases by the 11th postoperative day.

There was a gradual fall in serum potassium level from post-operative day-1 to post-operative day-6 and then it started increasing and attained pre-operative value by post-operative day-11. So, the response of serum sodium and serum potassium is contrary to each other.

Based on the study results, increased sodium and decreased potassium levels were observed in postoperative cases. Normalization of these two electrolyte are seen postoperative day seven onwards.
Development and validation of a fluorimetric method to determine quassin in polymeric nanocapsule suspension
Authors: Sunitha N. , Manohar Babu S. , Appa Rao B.
Published: January 2022

A simple, rapid, and sensitive fluorimetric method was developed and validated to quantify quassia in polymeric nanocapsule suspensions and non polymeric suspensions, using acetonitrile as a solvent. The excitation and emission wavelengths were set at 397 nm and 465 nm, respectively. The calibration graph was linear from 0.05 to 0.25 µg/mL with a correlation coefficient of 0.9892. The detection and quantitation limits were 2.4 and 0.8 µg/mL, respectively. The validation results confirmed that the developed method is specific, linear, accurate, and precise for its intended use. The current method was successfully applied to the evaluation of curcumin content in lipid and polymeric nanocapsule suspensions during the early stage of formulation development.
Los catalanes en la ciudad de México. Las festividades de Montserrat y Sant Jordi (1887-1908)
Authors: Gutiérrez Domínguez María del Mar
Published: January 2022

Este artículo analiza la presencia catalana en la ciudad de México a fines del siglo XIX y comienzos del XX, por medio de dos festividades: la de la Virgen de Montserrat y la de Sant Jordi. La investigación se centra en el perfil social de los catalanes que participaron en estos festejos, así como en la articulación de la identidad catalana por los individuos de este origen residentes en la capital de México. Asimismo, se atiende la relación del grupo de catalanes con el conjunto de la inmigración española, cuya parte más visible se reunía en el Casino Español. Todo lo anterior se dio en un contexto de fortalecimiento de las relaciones internacionales entre México y España, cuando México experimentaba su transición hacia una economía capitalista y al tiempo que Cataluña se erigía en referente de la España industrial.
Dekarbonizacja metanu – kierunki zagospodarowania węgla popirolitycznego
Authors:   Instytut Nafty i Gazu – Państwowy Instytut Badawczy, Krasodomski Wojciech , Wojtasik Michał ,   Instytut Nafty i Gazu – Państwowy Instytut Badawczy, Markowski Jarosław ,   Instytut Nafty i Gazu - Państwowy Instytut Badawczy, Żak Grażyna ,   Instytut Nafty i Gazu - Państwowy Instytut Badawczy
Published: January 2022

Prezentowany przegląd literaturowy dotyczy możliwych kierunków zagospodarowania węgla będącego produktem ubocznym procesu pirolizy metanu (dekarbonizacji metanu). Piroliza metanu jest coraz częściej rozpatrywaną metodą będącą alternatywną technologią produkcji wodoru bez emisji CO2 – tak zwanego niebieskiego wodoru. Piroliza/dekarbonizacja stosowana jest do produkcji sadzy od lat trzydziestych XX wieku (np. znany proces firmy Hüls). Piroliza metanu jest procesem endotermicznym, który wymaga, w celu uzyskania wysokiej wydajności, zastosowania temperatur rzędu 1000°C i więcej, co powoduje, że jest to proces mocno energochłonny i kosztowny w porównaniu z aktualnie stosowanymi metodami produkcji wodoru, np. reformingiem parowym. Największą jednak zaletą metody pirolizy/dekarbonizacji metanu / gazu ziemnego jest brak konieczności wychwytywania i składowania CO2 (sekwestracji), co znacznie upraszcza proces i zbliża ekonomiczny koszt wytworzenia wodoru tą metodą do kosztu jego wytwarzania wcześniej wspomnianymi „klasycznymi” metodami. Co więcej, produkcja wodoru tą metodą charakteryzuje się nie tylko mniejszą emisją CO2, ale też pozwala na uzyskanie wodoru o wysokiej czystości, zbliżonego przydatnością do stosowanego w ogniwach paliwowych. Dużym ograniczeniem procesu oprócz wspomnianej wysokiej temperatury jest powstawanie produktu ubocznego w postaci węgla; jeśli w przyszłości wodór będzie pozyskiwany w tym procesie na skalę przemysłową, powstaną duże jego ilości, dlatego znalezienie nowych zastosowań węgla jest kluczowym czynnikiem dla rozwoju tej technologii jako wykonalnej metody produkcji wodoru. Możliwości wykorzystania węgla będą zależeć od jego natury i właściwości. Przeanalizowano dostępne artykuły naukowe i specjalistyczne pod kątem rodzajów powstającego węgla, ze szczególnym uwzględnieniem jego struktury. Podjęto próbę zebrania informacji dotyczących korelacji pomiędzy zastosowaną metodą dekarbonizacji metanu a strukturą powstającego węgla.
Świadomość moralna polskich maturzystów w latach 1994–2009
Authors: Mariański Janusz
Published: January 2022

The issue of continuity and change of morality has always preoccupied sociologists. Lived morality, which functions in various social environments, comprises a broad spectrum of specific problems. The present paper will focus on a few overriding issues, for example: the Decalogue as a foundation of morality, the attitudes toward basic norms and values, criteria of moral good and evil, and on agencies conducive to solving conflicts and moral dilemmas. Moral changes in Polish society are marked in significant ways by the clash of two ethical norms: Catholic morality and liberal morality (in its various manifestations). The present study is based on empirical data gathered in 1994 and 2009 within the same schools and classes in five cities (Szprotawa, Puławy, Kraśnik, Dęblin, Gdańsk). Repeated surveys allow monitoring the dynamics of changes and ongoing social processes.
Szanse globalnej etyki gospodarowania w świecie postkryzysu
Authors: Pogonowska Barbara
Published: January 2022

The article attempts at presenting some outlook of an establishing the nowadays global ethics economy in the so called postcrisis world. It clames that the current social and economic problems, needs and expectations in the global area are or are going soon to be the reasons of common global space of moral values. The changes of social sciences’ paradigm are reasons of such qualification as well.
Odpowiedzialność jako podstawowy czynnik działania urzędnika samorządowego
Authors: Konopka Dorota
Published: January 2022

Local official has become the closest bond in the relationship between the state and a citizen. How one fulfills his/her duties examining effects of his/her decision? Respondents (local officials) connect this notion with outlaw norms, ethics. For them the notion of „accountability” is associated with the positive way, not in negative as legal norms. They think that in spite of the luck of coaching related to ethical issue, they experience in their office so-called „spirit of accountability”. In every day work local officials are aware of the pressure of the disciplinary responsibility and have a low awareness to be called to account the material.
Effect of Phosphorus and Sulphur Levels on Growth and Yield of Summer Greengram [Vigna radiata (L.) Wilczek.] in Middle Indo-gangatic Zone
Authors: Choudhary Rohin , Pandey I.B. , Singh R.S. , Singh S.K. , Meena Harkesh , Singh Kuldeep
Published: January 2022

Background: Phosphorus has been pointed out as one of the most important nutrient in pulse production which is responsible for vegetative growth, reproduction and consequently yield of greengram. Sulphur element is important for crop growth and development especially in pulses. At present, 42% of indian soils have been found to the sulphur deficient, sulphur is essential for synthesis of proteins, vitamins, in pulse crops. Methods: The field investigation was carried out at research farm of TCA, Dholi, muzaffarpur Bihar during summer season 2019. The treatment comprised 3 levels of phosphorus and 3 levels of sulphur along with absolute control. Result: The result revealed that application of 60 kg phosphorus/ha significantly increase the plant height, plant dry matter, crop growth rate and yield indices viz number of pods/plant, length of pod, number of grains/pod and 100 seed weight than 20 kg phosphorus/ha and control but was found at par with 40 kg phosphorus/ha. Sulphur levels also had significantly influenced on these growth and yield indices and recorded higher values 30 kg sulphur/ha found at par with 20 kg sulphur/ha and significantly higher over 10 kg sulphur/ha and control. Application of 60 kg phosphorus/ha significantly enhanced the grain and straw yield over 20 kg phosphorus/ha and control but was found at par to 40 kg phosphorus/ha. Among the sulphur levels grain and straw yield increased significantly up to 20 kg/ha sulphur further increase in sulphur level fail to caused significantly effect on grain and straw yields. All the phosphorus and sulphur level had significant impact on grain and straw yields over control. Similar trend was also observed with harvest index also. Optimum dose of phosphorus and sulphur for summer greengram was worked out to be 51 and 24.5 kg/ha respectively.
States of consciousness, observer problem, cognition (or about the unity of transcendental psychology, physics and philosophy). Part I
Authors:   National academy of sciences in Armenia, Nagdyan Ruben M.
Published: January 2022

Currently, there is an intensification of integration processes in science as a result of an increasing number of approaches and points of view on the same subject of research, leading to the convergence of sciences, creation of metatheories and interdisciplinary connections, thanks to the efforts of many researchers from different fields of science. In this context, the article attempts to show the unity of transcendental psychology, physics and philosophy in solving epistemological problems. The present article discusses the question of correspondence of the perceived or observed world with the world itself, with the world as it is «in reality». In connection with understanding of this issue, D. Berkeley, N. Bohr, W. Heisenberg, A. Einstein, A. N. Leontiev, A. I. Mirakyan’s views are being discussed. On the basis of the analysis carried out, the following assumption is made: the reason for insolubility of this problem within the framework of opposing philosophical directions is the discrepancy between levels and states of consciousness of representatives of these scientific directions. Dependence of the perception of the world and paradigm shifts on changes in the states of consciousness are shown. In the context of changes in states of consciousness, the issues of transcending and transitions from one reality to another are considered. A comparative analysis with the provisions of virtualistics is carried out. In the second part of the article, the features of external and internal observers and their relation to the process of cognition in the context of states of consciousness are going to be discussed.
Historical forms of human activity as an object and subject of research. Part 1
Authors:   Institute of psychology of the Russian academy of sciences, Tolochek Vladimir A.
Published: January 2022

In the works of methodologists, less attention is paid to the organization and conduct of specific research projects (R&D), which cannot claim the scope of the subject of the discipline as a whole. Accordingly, the issues of the object and the subject of specific R&D are becoming topical. The accelerating evolution of social objects makes these issues permanently relevant. Inaccuracies in their solution lead to shifts in the content and names of disciplines, inadequacy of the conceptual apparatus, and the complexity of the interaction of scientists working in different scientific traditions. In particular, the name of the discipline «Labor Psychology, Engineering Psychology, Ergonomics» is incorrect. Labor in its initial state is neither an object nor a subject of discipline; psychologists study the characteristics of the subjects of qualified activity and the characteristics of such activity; at present, it is more legitimate to talk about labor activity or, more broadly, about a person's labor activity. Based on the analysis of literary sources, 19 criteria for distinguishing the forms of human activity (labor, physical, etc.) were identified. Considering different types of human activity, it can be stated that they historically change and «crystallize» in a few stable forms. With regard to labor activity, we distinguish three main evolving forms – work, craft, profession (professional activity) and many transitional ones, which stood out and became self-sufficient in different historical periods (about 10000-30000 / 6000-10000 / 800 years ago), in the present coexist in a single spacetime, changing in their proportions. In relation to physical (sports) activity, one can distinguish: physical exercises, «desport» and «wild sports», sports, specialized sports, sports of the highest achievements, which appeared and became dominant in different periods of society development (about 10000-30000 / 300-800 / 150-200 / 70-100 / 50-70 years ago); some of them also coexist in a single space-time, renewing themselves in new variations (children, youth and mass sports, health-improving physical culture, etc.). Similar evolutionary processes take place in other types of human activity – play, learning, etc. The spontaneous evolution of different types of activity (activity), in particular, professional and sports, their subordination to social demand can not always be stated as «progress». The historical evolution of forms of human activity (activity) requires a periodic methodological reflection of the state of the object and the subject of our research.
Transfer of learning: approaches to definition and applicability in adaptive learning
Authors:   Institute of psychology of the Russian academy of sciences, Dyatlova Olga V. , Elman Igor A. ,   School № 218, Moscow, Krivonogov Roman I. ,   Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow
Published: January 2022

The central problem of our work is to study the transfer of learning: how the previously acquired experience in solving problems affects the acquisition of experience in solving new problems. In this article, we have carried out a literary review of the main approaches to the definition of the «transfer of learning» concept in the psychological and pedagogical literature. Each approach is described from the point of view of the paradigm and methodology that underlies and reflects the idea of the nature of the learning process. For each approach, an assessment of the possibilities and limitations of its use in adaptive learning is given. Examples are given of how in the researches on adaptive learning, using digital technologies, certain tasks and measurements related to learning and learning transfer are implemented. The main conclusion from the literature review is that the transfer cannot claim to be an explanatory construct, this concept describes a phenomenon and the task of investigating the influence of previously acquired experience on a new one. The investigation of the transfer of learning is reduced to the investigation of learning in the situation of transfer. We propose the own model of learning transfer and requirements for possible measurable digital traces are put forward. The novelty of the model is that the transfer of learning is observed within the framework of the systemic approach and the paradigm of enactivism, in terms of individual experience organization, without classification of types of tasks or thinking and reasoning processes from the perspective of an external observer-expert as it happens in the most studies. Based on the proposed model, we put forward the methodological requirements in the framework of adaptive learning and the problem of learning transfer for what digital traces to measure and from what methodological view to investigate them.
Phenomenon of post-truth in the historical and cultural horizon and the context of dialogics
Authors:   Yaroslavl state pedagogical university named after К. D. Ushinsky, Ermolin Evgeniy A.
Published: January 2022

The article examines the phenomenon of post-truth, characteristic of modern culture, as a reflex of mental procedures related to the orientation of a person in the modern world, and a ghettoized communicative process in which personal beliefs and group interpretations play a more significant role than facts, however carefully motivated, but going against prejudices. In this regard, it is recorded that this kind of cultural practice leads to the closure of consciousness and experience in a semantic, mental capsule. It is emphasized that the culture of post-truth does not reject the truth as such, but interprets it arbitrarily, as a personal or group idefix. The nature of post-truth is not necessarily connected with the technologies of manipulating the consciousness of the masses or with a purely emotive attitude of a person to the facts of existence, as is sometimes believed. This phenomenon has fundamental historical and cultural prerequisites. The logic of post-truth is an imperfect attempt to respond to the crisis of evidence that unfolded in the twentieth century and culminated in our time, it is associated with the archaization of consciousness that cannot cope with the burden of current problems. The phenomenon of post-truth is expressed in such a way of a person's world orientation, when a point of view is absolutized, which is marked either as personal or as uniting members of a solidary community, often a kind of closed socio-cultural ghetto. The possible direction of going beyond such isolation is seen in the dialogic practice (dialogics) described by V. S. Bibler. The article emphasizes the importance for productive selfdetermination of the individual in the modern world of education and training of the skill of internal discussion with oneself, with the initial assumption of the possibility of different «cultural logics», different positions and views.
Ideas of a prosocial approach to develop education
Authors:   Belgorod state national research university, Eroshenkova Elena I.
Published: January 2022

The emergence of new methodological approaches to the organization of activities is due to socio-cultural, economic transformations in the life of society. With regard to the education system and pedagogical activity, the prosocial approach is strengthening its position, aimed at promoting the well-being of the individual, as a metaprinciple that is not yet sufficiently substantiated in modern scientific knowledge. The purpose of the article is to identify and substantiate the main ideas of the prosocial approach to the development of education and pedagogical activity. Research methods are a theoretical analysis, synthesis, generalization, abstraction, concretization of data, publicationsand materials presented on official websites, in open access databases. As a result, the main ideas were identified that consider the prosocial orientation of education and pedagogical activity: 1) as an orientation towards the values of the good and benefit to a person and society (education, professional pedagogical activity are considered in the context of the idea of a teacher's activity for the good, benefit of society, communities, individuals); 2) as a response to the challenges of our time (pedagogical activity, meeting the criterion of social responsibility, is aimed at the future, relies on and takes into account current needs, approved at a specific time and for the future by the state, society, and the world community); 3) as a specific behavior, a way of helping activities (pedagogical actions based on a helping attitude towards the student and aimed at initiating self-help, helping in the adaptation and development of his personality); 4) as a «safe» vector of pedagogical communication, humanization of the environment (dominance of benevolence, friendliness, trust, tolerance, compromise and cooperation). Their characteristics are given. The prospects for the development of the methodology of the prosocial approach as the formation of fairly new scientific constructs – pro-social education and pro-social pedagogy – have been determined. The study has been carried out within the framework of the State Assignment of the National Research University «BelSU» № 0624-2020-0012 «Justification of the integrative methodology of higher professional education: the dominants of the formation of universal competencies, prosocial attitudes and polysubjectivity of a future teacher» for the period 2020-2022
The ontological model of mentoring young teachers
Authors:   Siberian institute of management, Novosibirsk, Fedorov Oleg D. , Yashchuk Nadezhda R. ,   Secondary school № 641 named after Sergei Yesenin
Published: January 2022

The problem of mentoring is relevant not only for the pedagogical community, but also for the entire system of training personnel for many sectors of the economy. It is likely that many of the processes that occur in the mentor – mentee relationship are repeated regardless of the field of activity. The authors of this article have made an attempt to explore the real practice of mentoring in general education organizations to identify and define these key processes, considering the situation of formation in the profession of a young teacher. The model formed as a result of the generalization of the collected data includes key processes, objects and their relationships, and allows you to model mentoring programs taking into account a comprehensive understanding of actors and their interests. The study and its results can be useful for designing comprehensive mentoring programs in schools, municipalities, and regions, as well as for optimizing the work of individual teacher mentors. Questionnaire surveys (332 respondents) and in – depth semi-structured interviews (34 respondents) were conducted, which allowed us to establish several phases that a young teacher goes through from employment to consolidation in the profession-adaptation, integration, individualization. Within the framework of the study, the ratio of various types of difficulties and leading types of activities in the process of professional development is determined. The collected data and materials allowed us to build an ontological model of mentoring a young teacher, which includes the most important social and pedagogical contexts of his development, as well as the main objects and relationships that arise during the first years of work. The ontological model of mentoring of a young teacher, used as a tool for analyzing mentoring practices in school, allowed us to identify the deficits of mentoring activities, which lie mainly in the plane of personal improvement and spiritual growth of a young teacher, generated not only by the pace and speed of the processes occurring in the first years of his career, but also by the lack of andragogical competencies of the mentor. The obtained results and the constructed model allowed us to conclude that the regulation of mentoring activities can occur through the transformation of the regional context and state policy in the field of teacher education, an important role in the process of professional formation is played by a variety of formal organizations and associations, a set of public expectations from specific schools and teachers, however, the interaction between the mentor and the mentee around the subject content of education and teaching methods is decisive.
Ideological prerequisites for transformation of ideas about parental education in Russia at the beginning of the XVIII century
Authors:   Ryazan branch of the Higher School of Folk Arts, Gritsay Lyudmila A.
Published: January 2022

The article analyzes the pedagogical ideas that appeared in Russia at the beginning of the XVIII century and led to the transformation of ideas about the essence of raising children in the family. The purpose of the study is the need to study the origins of new pedagogical ideas, as well as their features. It is indicated that the driving force behind the transformation of the institution of parental education in Russia was the Europeanization of our country, which occurred as a result of the reform activity of Peter I. At the same time, some of the new Western European pedagogical ideas were adapted to the Russian realities (in particular, these are the ideas of enlightenment as a way of mental and moral education, the justification of the value of work as an opportunity to transform a person and the surrounding world, understanding the importance of the educational environment of the family, rationalization of education, thedefinition of elite education for the formation of personalities of the «best sons of the Fatherland»). Some Western European pedagogical ideas were rejected: the principle of natural conformity of education, the need for respect for the personality of the pupil, attention to childhood as a special period in a person's life, the importance of creating an emotionally prosperous environment in the family for the development of the child's personality, individualization of education, the need for personal interaction between parents and children, etc. Some of the pedagogical ideas concerning the essence of raising children in the family were inherited from the previous era (the ideas of the fear of God as the basis of education, the need for children to obey the will of their parents, following strict discipline in behavior, authoritarianism, a strict system of punishments). As a result, this period is characterized as a kind of «fusion» of the traditions of parental education and their transformations under the influence of new meanings of being, first of all, statehood and enlightenment, when education and service to one's Fatherland began to be understood as the highest virtues of a person, which ultimately contributed to the development of Russian pedagogical thought in this direction.
The study of readiness for a holistic perception of a patient in medical students
Authors:   First St. Petersburg state medical university named after academician I. P. Pavlov, Vanchakova Nina P. , Yaremenko Andrey I. ,   First St. Petersburg state medical university named after academician I. P. Pavlov, Maltseva Mariya N. ,   First St. Petersburg state medical university named after academician I. P. Pavlov, Vatskel Elizaveta A. ,   First St. Petersburg state medical university named after academician I. P. Pavlov, Denishenko Veronika A. ,   First St. Petersburg state medical university named after academician I. P. Pavlov
Published: January 2022

The significance of the article is determined by a necessity of a professional training of physicians in accordance with the biopsychosocial paradigm of health and illness that implies the readiness of a specialist to provide a holistic perception of a patient, to take into consideration psychological and pedagogical peculiarities of the patient and psychosocial aspects of one’s life, to communicate with the patient basing upon the concept of dignity. The aim of the study is to investigate the second-year medical students’ perception of doctor-patient interaction from the viewpoint of a holistic approach and to study the level of the psychological readiness to realize this type of interaction. Results. Understanding of the essence and the meaning of doctor’s profession was romantic and immature. The results obtained also showed that the students had high levels of anxiety, negative emotions and negative inner-experience. In spite of this the majority of the students showed themselves as active persons oriented at overcoming the difficulties. Conclusions. A combination of negative emotions, deficient skills of a holistic perception of the patient and deficient skills of interaction with the patient in junior students can lead to the emergence of a crisis in the professional development of a specialist and certain risk of a further emotional burnout in senior medical students and clinical residents while practicing in clinic. Basing upon the results obtained, trends for the improvement of communication courses and means of providing adjustment and prevention of emotional burnout in students were defined.
Research Skills Development of Future Computer Science Teachers Using Problem Solving of Modeling Physical Processes
Authors:   Lipetsk State Pedagogical University named after P. P. Semenov-Tyan-Shansky, Kononova Zoya A. , Altukhova Svetlana O. ,   Lipetsk State Pedagogical University named after P. P. Semenov-Tyan-Shansky
Published: January 2022

The article is devoted to the issues of developing the skills of research activities of future computer science teachers who are able to independently develop and implement various methods, tools, technological processes, etc. in their professional activities. This approach to learning will allow students to be prepared for innovative solutions to research problems, which is the basis for the development of key competencies of a future computer science teacher. Modeling in the field of solving applied problems is actively used in the Lipetsk State Pedagogical University named after P. P. Semenov-Tyan-Shansky when teaching students. Due to the growing demands placed on solving problems of natural science disciplines and specific technological tasks, there is a need for complex mathematical calculations that can be performed only with the use of computer technology. Similar tasks have appeared in such fields of knowledge as physics, chemistry, biology, ecology, mechanical engineering. The article provides an example of constructing a physical model when studying the effect of temperature on the change in molar heat capacity by Debye. The considered process of solving the problem allows you to develop the skills of research activity through the successive following stages: problem statement, description of the mathematical model of solving the problem, translation of this model into a computer model using a high-level programming language.
The psychological content of a career from the standpoint of a systemogenetic approach
Authors:   Yaroslavl state pedagogical university named after К. D. Ushinsky, Tsymbalyuk Anna E.
Published: January 2022

This theoretical article examines the structure of the concept of «career». The relevance of this issue is associated with a number of reasons: the emergence of various studies on this issue, insufficient methodological study of research, and the need for sound psychological support for a professional's career. The purpose of the article is to present the psychological content of the concept of career from the standpoint of the systemogenetic approach. Two career considerations stand out: external and internal. Externally, a career appears as a career path, expressed in the form of career-related events, changes in status and professional roles. Internal psychological career plan defined as a process and as a result. As a career process as a general theoretical construct that allows to analyze this phenomenon. Career functional blocks are also highlighted in the article: career motives, career goals, career plans, career decision-making, career information basis, performance assessment, career important qualities. As a result, in the internal plan, the career appears in the form of a mental phenomenon, which can be designated as «The mental representation of a career.» From a psychological point of view, career is a conscious mental activity of a subject, which encourages, directs, implements and regulates the process of a person's professional life. Professional activity is understood as all processes associated with the functioning, formation, development of a person as a professional. Based on the structure and functional blocks, the designated functions that the career is fulfilling: incentive function; function of goal-setting (guiding function); planning function; evaluative function; regulatory function; predictive function.
Carnavalization of scientific theories, or expressionism in a circle modern arts
Authors:   Samara State Socio-Pedagogical University, Radaeva Ella A.
Published: January 2022

This article examines the interaction of the traditions of expressionism as a cultural direction and method with the existing today (at least declared by many authors) other areas: magical realism (here — post-expressionism), postmodernism, postpostmodernism, metamodernism. The material for the study was mainly fiction (the work of modern Austrian authors — E. Jelinek, P. Handke), the issue of modern modification of images created by expressionism in cinema is also touched upon. Using the historical and cultural method of research, the author of the article comes to the conclusion that expressionist aesthetics, if it does not organically flow into the above-named phenomena, assimilating with them, then does not contradict them and is not their antinomy. This circumstance is due to both the historically complex nature of expressionism, its versatility and multifunctionality, and the absence in science today of a unified view of trends and trends in modern culture, their definition, differentiation and classification, the absence of a serious theoretical base under the supposedly existing directions (metamodernism, proclaimed in collective works edited by R. van den Acker) and even on the fate of postmodernism, existing contradictions in the interpretation of the differences between modernity and postmodernity, irony and postirony. Sometimes the numerous coexistence of «-isms» in the modern cultural space resembles Bakhtin's carnival mixing of ranks (comparison paradigms), which served as the basis for the title of this work. However, the task of the research in this work was to trace the line of succession, to find points of contact between the old and the new, regardless of the variety of theories of this “new”.
Psychological and pedagogical support for the personal trajectory in additional education of the pedagogs
Authors:   Moscow State University, Moscow, Gasanova Renata R. , Menshikov Petr V. ,   Kaluga state university named after K. E. Tsiolkovsky, Arpenteva Mariyam R. ,   Center for Psychological, Pedagogical, Medical and Social Assistance «Sodeistvie», Kaluga
Published: January 2022

The purpose of the research is to analyze the directions and problems of psychological and pedagogical support of the personal trajectory of education in the additional education of teachers. The research method is a phenomenological theoretical analysis of the psychological and pedagogical support of the personal trajectory of education in modern additional education of teachers. The novelty of the research is associated with the development of the foundations of an integrative concept of additional education for Russian teachers, as well as an attempt to comprehensively understand the problems of individualization of additional education for teachers in the context of various areas of its psychological and pedagogical support, aimed at increasing the success of the development, implementation and correction of individual educational trajectories of students. Research results. The directions and problems of psychological and pedagogical support of the processes of creation, implementation and correction of individual educational trajectories are highlighted. Work has been carried out to determine the specifics of the goals of professional and general education in the Soviet period and to change the professional, personal and interpersonal guidelines of students in post-Soviet education. Conclusions. It is concluded that it is necessary to develop an integrative concept of additional education for teachers, based on modern psychological and pedagogical data and concepts and including a system of psychological and pedagogical support for the creation, implementation and correction of individual educational trajectories of future teachers in the direction of their compliance with the needs and abilities of students and the needs and demands of that complex and dynamic reality that future teachers will face in their professional life. This reality makes special demands on the training of specialists with several professions and specializations related to each other by common technologies and goals.
Endocrinopatias Associadas ao Tratamento com Inibidores do Checkpoint Imunológico
Authors: Santos Maria Joana
Published: January 2022

Introdução: Os inibidores do checkpoint imunológico (ICI) são anticorpos monoclonais que permitem aumentar a eficiência do sistema imunitário na destruição das células neoplásicas. Nos últimos anos, estes fármacos têm sido cada vez mais utilizados no tratamento de muitas neoplasias em estadios avançados. Contudo, a alteração da regulação do sistema imunitário induzida por estes fármacos tem como potencial efeito adverso o aparecimento de autoimunidade em praticamente todos os órgãos. As endocrinopatias são um dos eventos adversos autoimunes mais frequentes com estes fármacos.Material e Métodos: Revisão não sistemática sobre as endocrinopatias reportadas em contexto de tratamento com ICI. Foram pesquisados artigos publicados na PubMed até 31 de janeiro de 2020, selecionados com base na sua relevância e excluídos em caso de conteúdo redundante. Foram utilizados os seguintes termos de pesquisa: “immune checkpoint inhibitor” e “endocrinopathy” / “endocrine system diseases” / “pituitary” / “thyroid” / “diabetes” / “adrenal” / “parathyroid”.Resultados: Foram já reportadas endocrinopatias com todas as classes de ICI (anti-CTLA-4, anti-PD-1, anti-PD-L1). A disfunção tiroideia é a endocrinopatia mais frequentemente reportada, principalmente sob anti-PD-1 e anti-PD-L1. A hipofisite é a mais prevalente sob anti-CTLA-4. É crescente a incidência de diabetes autoimune neste contexto, principalmente sob anti-PD-1 e anti-PD-L1. Foram reportados também casos raros de insuficiência suprarrenal primária, doença de Graves e hipoparatiroidismo primário.Conclusão: O conhecimento do espectro de endocrinopatias desencadeadas pela terapêutica com ICI, assim como as suas manifestações clínicas, critérios de diagnóstico e tratamento, é essencial, dada a sua elevada prevalência e o cada vez maior número de doentes oncológicos tratados com estes novos fármacos.
Reflection and Improvement of the Principle of Treating Invalid Construction Contracts as Valid in the View of Civil Law
Authors: He Houyi , Zeng Jia
Published: January 2022

After the construction project is completed, if the contract is judged as invalid by the court at this time, it will involves the application of Article 157 of the Civil Code of People’s Republic of China: For example, how to return the completed construction, how to compensate for the discount if it cannot be returned, and what standard should be adopted for the discount compensation. In order to solve the above problems, the Supreme People's Court issued the "Interpretation on the Application of Law to the Trial of Construction Contract Disputes" (hereinafter referred to as "Interpretation"), which mentions that the above problems should be regulated in judicial practice through the invalid construction contract "treated as valid". However, the principle encounters many difficulties both in theory and practice. For example, how to avoid its counterproductive effect of encouraging the signing of invalid contracts to destroy the market order, whether to use the contractual standard or the engineering quota standard in the project settlement, and how to interpret the scope of "effective" to better protect the rights and interests of the parties. This paper mainly discusses the background of the development of construction industry from 2005 to 2020, the definition of the principle of invalid building construction contract, the applicable situation, the limitations in theory and practice, and the final reflections and countermeasures.