bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Understanding High Dimensional Spaces through Visual Means Employing Multidimensional Projections
Authors: Younis Haseeb , Trust Paul , Minghim Rosane
Published: February 2023

Data visualisation helps understanding data represented by multiple variables, also called features, stored in a large matrix where individuals are stored in lines and variable values in columns. These data structures are frequently called multidimensional spaces. A large set of mathematical tools, named frequently as multidimensional projections, aim to map such large spaces into 'visual spaces',  that is, to 2 or 3 dimensions, where the aspect of that space can be visualised. While the final product is intuitive in that proximity between points - or iconic representation of points - indicate similarity relationships in the original space, understanding the formulation of the projection methods many times escapes researchers. In this paper, we illustrate ways of employing the visual results of multidimensional projection algorithms to understand and fine-tune the parameters of their mathematical framework. Some of the common mathematical common to these approaches are Laplacian matrices, Euclidian distance, Cosine distance, and statistical methods such as Kullback-Leibler divergence, employed to fit probability distributions and reduce dimensions. Two of the relevant algorithms in the data visualisation field are t-distributed stochastic neighbourhood embedding (t-SNE) and Least-Square Projection (LSP). These algorithms can be used to understand several ranges of mathematical functions including their impact on datasets. In this article, mathematical parameters of underlying techniques such as Principal Component Analysis (PCA) behind t-SNE and mesh reconstruction methods behind LSP are adjusted to reflect the properties afforded by the mathematical formulation. The results, supported by illustrative methods of the processes of LSP and t-SNE, are meant to inspire students in understanding the mathematics behind such methods, in order to apply them in effective data analysis tasks in multiple applications.
Influence-learning Methods and Students' Interest in Learning Outcomes Polmas at the State Police School Polda Metro Jaya
Authors: Jarno Jarno , Arief Zainal Abidin , Efgivia Mohammad Givi , Herpratiwi Herpratiwi
Published: February 2023

The implementation of education at SPN Polda Metro Jaya is carried out through a learning process, the implementation of which does not always go well and often experiences obstacles. The success rate of the Serdik Diktuk Bintara Polri in studying subject matter is seen from the serdik's learning outcomes, providing an overview of the position of his level of success. learn it. The method in this study uses the experimental method as for the variables in this study consisted of (1) independent variables (2) bound variables for learning outcomes and (3) control variables for learning interest. The design used in this study is a 2 x 2 factorial design and obtained 24 research subjects, each 24 subjects of the experimental class and 24 subjects of the control class, as well as the experimental class with the Tutorial Method and the control class taught with the Role-Playing Method. The data obtained based on the results of the study include: 1). there are differences in the learning outcomes of community policing subjects for groups of students who study using the tutorial method and role playing, 2). there is an interaction effect between learning methods and interest in learning on the learning outcomes of community policing subjects, 3). there are differences in the learning outcomes of community policing subjects for groups of students who study using the tutorial method and role playing for students who have high interest 4). There are differences in the learning outcomes of community policing subjects for groups of students who study using the tutorial method and role playing for students who have low interest.
Students’ Opinions on COVID-19 and University Life
Authors: Yıldırım Figen , Külekçi Akyavuz Ebru
Published: February 2023

The purpose of the study was to determine how the university students who continue their education online after the universities shifted to distance education during the COVID-19 pandemic evaluate this process. The study was designed as a case study, one of the qualitative research methods. The study group was selected using the maximum variation sampling method among the university students studying at a public university in the 2020-2021 academic year in Turkey. Semi-structured interview form was used as data collection tool. It was found that the university students were struggling with academic, social, psychological, economic, and health problems during the pandemic period. In addition, in the study, the effect of being at the family home on the university education was also examined. While some participants considered it as an opportunity to stay at the family home for the reasons such as the support of the family and being more comfortable, some others considered it as negative due to the reasons such as the absence of a study environment, behaviors of the family members, family problems, and family pressure.
The Impact of Self-Directedness on the Academic Success and Persistence of Postsecondary Online Learners
Authors: Tainsh Ryan D.
Published: February 2023

Despite similarities between self-directed learners and successful postsecondary online learners, infrequently has self-directedness been examined in this population. Understanding the impact of self-directedness on online learner academic success and persistence may clarify the profile of a successful online student. Independent samples t-tests noted significantly lower PRO-SDLS total scores among learners that had withdrawn from an online course than among those who had not (t [184] = 2.66, p 0.05) and significantly higher PRO-SDLS initiative scores among exclusively online learners than among residential online learners (t [187] = 2.32, p 0.05). These findings, gathered from 189 online learners at a large, private university, may inform the development of effective online learner readiness assessments, targeted advisement strategies, and thoughtfully designed postsecondary online courses.
Divergence of Everyday Practices and School Policy on Mobile Use: Challenges to Developing EFL Learners’ Digital Literacies
Authors: Waemusa Zainee , Jongwattanapaiboon Apinya
Published: February 2023

Literature has suggested that digital literacies can enhance language learning through appropriate use of mobile technology since today’s young learners are immersed in mobile technology. However, to support English language learning through digital literacies in specific contexts, a learning environment with mobile technology should be examined. This paper aimed to report on mobile use for English language learning through digital literacies in Thai school contexts. Empirical evidence was reported from the mixed method research project with 400 Thai EFL learners and a group of teachers and administrators. Results from the quantitative and qualitative analysis showed the divergence of mobile phone use between EFL young learners’ everyday life and pedagogical practices and policy at school, affirming that mobile phone use for developing digital literacies at school was not favored for EFL learning on the basis of Web 2.0 components in the research context. This paper argues that a call for the development of digital literacies among Thai EFL learners needs to promote social practices of such literacies. Implications are discussed for future pedagogical practices and policy to promote digital literacies with mobile device use for EFL learning.
The Letter-Naming Benchmarks, Growth Profiles, and the Efficacy of an Interactive Learning App on Uppercase Letter-Name Learning for Preschool Children
Authors: Chen Jennifer J. , Kacerek Crystal R. , Ruiz Michael
Published: February 2023

While mobile devices are becoming increasingly ubiquitous (even in low-income families in the United States) and are being used for educational purposes, it is unclear how these technological tools may benefit letter learning (a foundational precursor to early literacy achievement) in preschool children. To contribute clarity, this study tested the efficacy of an app intervention on letter learning. Participants consisted of 16 children (13 Hispanics and three African Americans) from two classrooms in a U.S. preschool serving children from low-income backgrounds. Using an experimental research design, the research team randomly assigned children to either the intervention condition (involving the use of an uppercase letter-matching game app on an iPad for 10 minutes daily in the classroom for five weeks) or the control condition. It was revealed that only a few children in either condition knew 10 or more uppercase letters on the pretest but most did meet this 10-letter benchmark and some even achieved or continued to achieve the 18-letter benchmark on the posttest, demonstrating varied growth in letter-name knowledge (LNK). Accordingly, the children’s LNK evidenced the three profiles: (1) the “High Initial,” (2) the “High Growth,” and (3) the “Low Growth.” Importantly, the paired sample t-test showed that the mean differences in gain of uppercase letters between the pretest and the posttest among children within the intervention condition was statistically significant, suggesting that the letter-learning app seemed effective for learning more uppercase letters. However, the two-sample t-test did not show significant mean differences in gain of uppercase letters between children in the two conditions.
Academic publication activities and perspectives of rheumatology practitioners in the COVID-19 pandemic
Authors: Kahveci Abdulvahap , Gümüştepe Alper , Güven Nurhan , Sunar İsmihan , Ataman Şebnem
Published: February 2023

Objectives: This study aimed to analyze the research, publication activities, and perspectives on clinical practices of rheumatology practitioners during the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic.

Materials and methods: The survey-based cross-sectional study was designed online and included 24 closed-ended questions. After performing a pilot test and validation of survey, it was conducted among clinicians between September 2021 and December 2021.

Results: One-hundred fifteen clinicians (54 males, 61 females; 78.1% in rheumatology practice for at least five years) responded to the survey. The respondents indicated that they worked in coronavirus-related departments, comprising inpatient service (50.4%), consultancy (42.6%), and outpatient clinic (27.8%). Around 40% of clinicians stated they spent less time on scientific research (43.1%) and clinical learning activities (43.2%), while almost the same proportion of them spent more (41.1% and 45.0%, respectively). This study revealed that 53.5% published at least one paper covering mostly COVID-19 in the scientific citation index (SCI) or SCI-expanded (SCI-E) indexed journals. However, nearly half of them did not have any papers published in the SCI/SCI-E (46.5%) or non-SCI/SCI-E indexed (44.6%) journals. Regarding the perspectives of clinicians about clinical practices, they considered fewer biological (57.0%) and nonbiological (55.0%) drug usage, reported fewer outpatient clinic visits (88.2%), more newly diagnosed rheumatic diseases (62.5%), and more disease exacerbations (31.2%). Most of the clinicians (range, 76.2 to 86.3%) thought they accurately managed their patients during the COVID-19 pandemic.

Conclusion: Clinicians published mostly coronavirus-related papers in the pandemic era, and in the self-assessment, clinicians thought that they correctly manage their patients. In addition, this study reflected the frequency of academic publications and clinicians’ work routines during the pandemic.
الوحدة العربية في السياسة الخارجية الليبية من ١٩٦٩-١٩٩٩
Authors: Ahmed Abushowaisha Ruqayah Abdalhadi , Abdelsalam El Fatih Abdullahi
Published: February 2023

ملخص

تبرز أهمية هذه الدراسة في تسليط الضوء على مفهوم الوحدة العربية كمبدأ أساسي في السياسة الخارجية الليبية خلال الفترة من 1969 إلى 1999. حيث مثلت قضية الوحدة العربية الهدف المركزي للسياسة الخارجية الليبية خلال تلك الفترة، وهذا يعتبر إشكالية هذه الدراسة أيضاً. الهدف الأساسي لهذه الدراسة يكمن في دراسة الوحدة العربية كهدف رئيس للسياسة الخارجية الليبية خلال الفترة موضوع الدراسة، والمشاريع الوحدوية العديدة على مدى ثلاثة عقود من خلال تحليل الوثائق. اعتمدت الدراسة المنهج التاريخي وذلك بتتبع وتحليل تلك الوثائق في إطارها التاريخي. كما اعتمدت الدراسة المنهج التحليلي في مقاربتها لتلك الوثائق بهدف التوصل لأهمية الوحدة العربية في السياسة الخارجية الليبية. تؤكد هذه الدراسة أن الهدف من الوحدة العربية تم تحديده أساسًا على عدة عوامل سياسية واقتصادية وأيديولوجية. بالإضافة إلى ذلك، تظهر الدراسة أن جميع محاولات تحقيق الوحدة العربية اتسمت بالتسرع، وعدم التخطيط العقلاني، وافتقارها إلى رؤية واضحة ودقيقة للسياسة الخارجية الليبية.

Abstract

This study highlights the concept of Arab unity as a cardinal principle in Libyan foreign policy during the period 1969-1999 of Gaddafi epoch. During this period Arab unity, which is also the essential issue of this study, became the core goal for Libyan foreign relations. The major objective of this study is to analyse Arab Unity Documents during that period to determine the orientation of Libyan foreign policy towards the unity issue. The study has used the historical approach to analyse the unity documents in their historical context. In addition to this, the study has used the analytical method in order to identify and analyse all unity attempts of Libyan foreign policy. This study underscores that the objective of Arab unity was mainly determined based on political, economic and ideological factors. In addition, the study shows that all attempts to achieve Arab unity were characterized by haste and lack of rational planning as well as lack of clear and careful vision in Libyan foreign policy.
اتجاهات طلبة اللغة العربية بكليات التربية بنيجيريا نحو استخدام الوسائل التعليمية في تعليم اللغة العربية. دراسة حالة: كليات التربية بجنوب غرب نيجيريا
Authors: Bin Man Saupi , Mustapha Toyyib Abiodun , Ibrahim Toyib Biodun
Published: February 2023

ملخص

هذه الدراسة الكمية هدفت إلى الكشف عن اتجاهات طلبة اللغة العربية بكليات التربية بنيجيريا نحو استخدام الوسائل التعليمية في تعليم اللغة العربية. دراسة حالة: كليات التربية بجنوب غرب نيجيريا، وقد استخدم الباحثون المنهج الوصفي التحليلي، حيث تم بناء الاستبانة لمعرفة اتجاهات طلبة اللغة العربية في كليات التربية بجنوب غرب نيجيريا نحو توفر الوسائل التعليمية ومدى صلاحية استخدامها لتعليم اللغة العربية في كلياتهم،  وتكونت الأداة من (30) فقرة، موزعة إلى طلبة قسم اللغة العربية، وقد تم اختيار أفراد عينة الدراسة بالطريقة العشوائية؛ حيث بلغت عدد عينة الدراسة من (182) طالباً وطالبة، كما استخدم الباحثون الرزمة الإحصائية للعلوم الاجتماعية المعرفة بـــ (SPSS Version 12.0)  لتحليل البيانات. وقد أظهرت نتائج أن معظم أفراد العينة أي طلبة اللغة العربية بكليات التربية بجنوب غرب نيجيريا وافقوا على أن الوسائل التعليمية المستخدمة المتوفرة في كلياتهم هي، جهاز الرض، وأفلام العرض، والتسجيلات الصوتية، والحاسوب المسودّة باللغة العربية، والفيديو التعليمي، والتلفاز التعليمي، قد حصلت على درجة متوسطة. كما أوضحت أن استخدام هذه الوسائل التعليمية المذكورة في منهج المجلس الوطني لكليات التربية يساعدهم في تعلم اللغة العربية بشكل مناسب وأسرع بدرجة قوية جدا.

 

Abstract

This quantitative study aimed to reveal the attitudes of Arabic language students in the faculties of education in Nigeria towards the use of instructional materials in teaching Arabic. A Case study of the Colleges of Education in southwestern Nigeria. The researchers used the descriptive-analytical approach, where a questionnaire was built to know the attitudes of Arabic language students in colleges of education in southwestern Nigeria towards the availability of instructional materials and the validity of using them to teach Arabic in their colleges. The tool consisted of (30) paragraphs, distributed to the students of the Arabic language department. The study sample members were chosen randomly. The study sample consists of (182) male and female students. The researchers also used the statistical package for the social sciences, known as (SPSS Version 12.0) to analyse the data. The results showed that most of the sample members, i.e., students of Arabic language in the colleges of education in southwestern Nigeria, agreed that the instructional materials used in their colleges are TV equipment, presentation films, audio recordings, computer drafts in Arabic, educational video, and educational television. Medium grade. They also made it clear that using these instructional materials mentioned in the curriculum of the National Commission of Colleges of Education helps them learn the Arabic language appropriately and quickly to a very strong degree.
High efficiency and quick deploy UAV for surveillance using helium balloon
Authors: Kumar Siddhant , Parlewar Pallavi , Sable Rachna
Published: February 2023

A quick deployment and high-efficiency helium surveillance balloon which can be used as a mobile surveillance systemto monitor and locate trespassers near borders and high-security facilities are presented in the paper. The paperprovides the description of a motorized helium-filled balloon that is remotely controlled and provides a real-timevideo of any site that needs surveillance. The paper also provides the conceptual design, fabrication, and, calculationof the payload connected to of the helium balloon tracker. The payload consists of the control and monitoringsystem which has a camera and sensors and streams this data to the user over the internet which can be used forpatrolling and monitoring infiltration
Psycho-Social Effects of Covid-19 Pandemic on Online Teaching of Secondary Schools in Nigeria
Authors:   Department of Educational Management and Business Studies, Federal University, Nigeria, Mogelola Anyanwu Oluwakemi , Ozioma Anyanwu Michaella ,   Department of Basic Medical Sciences, University of Port Harcourt, Nigeria, Idowu Ajewole Philip ,   Department of Educational Management and Business Studies, Federal University, Nigeria
Published: February 2023

COVID-19 pandemic has been a huge challenge to the educational systems in Nigeria. This required a new strategy which guided teachers, institutional heads and officials on how to address the crisis and continuing teaching and learning activities and still maintaining social distancing among students. The study assessed the effectiveness of online teaching; psychosocial effect of COVID-19 outbreak and the relationship between psychosocial effect of COVID-19 pandemic and online teaching among secondary school students in Nigeria. Descriptive Survey Research design was used in which data from 150 respondents was collected using self-administered questionnaire from six selected secondary within Oyo states in Nigeria. Simple random sampling technique was used to sample the respondents. The data was analysed using descriptive and Pearson Product Moment correlation analysis. The result showed that online teaching is not that effective in the study area. Some psychosocial effects of COVID-19 outbreak were discovered among secondary school students in Nigeria in this study such as disturbed education, communal quarantine and difficulty in learning. The result of the hypothesis revealed that there is significant relationship between psychosocial effect of COVID-19 pandemic and online teaching of secondary schools in Nigeria. It was therefore recommended that, to teach remotely, schools and colleges should train their staff and take advantage of asynchronous learning, which works best in digital formats. The normal classroom subjects, teaching should include varied assignments and work, also, when constructing curricula, students should be introduced to online assessment to helps students familiar with the effective use of online teaching.
The Effect of Work Life Balance, Subjective Well Being, Distributive Justice and Self-Efficacy on Organizational Citizenship Behavior (OCB) And Employee Performance at Pt Zaman Group
Authors:   Faculty of Economics and Business, University of 17 August 1945 Surabaya, Arivani Meta Putri , Mujanah Siti ,   Faculty of Economics and Business, University of 17 August 1945 Surabaya, Sumiati Sumiati ,   Faculty of Economics and Business, University of 17 August 1945 Surabaya
Published: February 2023

Performance is a condition that must be known and confirmed by certain parties to determine the level of achievement of an agency's results related to the vision carried out by an organization or company and to know the positive and negative impacts of an operational policy. The purpose of this research is to analyze and interpret the effect of work life balance, subjective wellbeing, distributive justice and self-efficacy on organizational citizenship behavior and employee performance. The population in this study were 75 employees of PT Zaman Trans Indonesia using a saturated sample so that 75 employees were determined as the sample in the research and data analysis in this study used SmartPLS software. The results in this study explain that work life balance and self-efficacy have a significant effect on organizational citizenship behavior while subjective well-being and distributive justice do not have a significant effect on organizational citizenship behavior. Variables work life balance subjective well-being, distributive justice, self-efficacy and organizational citizenship behavior have a significant effect on employee performance.
The Politics of Exclusion & Governance in Nigeria: A Thematic Analysis of the Buhari Administration
Authors:   Department of Political science Evangel University Akaeze, Eme-Uche Dr.Uche , Eme Okechukwu ,   Department of Public Administration and Local Government University of Nigeria, Nsukka
Published: February 2023

This study's overarching purpose is to explore the challenges of imbalance and exclusion in our national life between/among states, social and ethnic/religious groups in light of the recent appointments made by the Buhari administration on diversity in Nigeria. This is due to the fact that people who have been excluded have continued to worry over President Muhammadu Buhari's previous nominations. It is an established fact that good governance is characterized by transparency, responsiveness, participation, the rule of law, equity, and accountability. Its fundamental beliefs consist of accommodating and tolerating the various viewpoints of political opponents through intentional inclusion in the political affairs of one's country. Since the inception of democratic dispensation in 1999, governance in Nigeria has always been based on politics of exclusion, both in terms of the opinions of individuals whose contributions are necessary for the development of the country and in terms of the political appointments of individuals from specific areas/sections. These leaders who have attained State authority, control State resources and begin to decide "who gets what, when, and how" in the political system with little or no regard for the country's overall cohesion and progress. The data in this study were analyzed using a qualitative, descriptive technique. Using elite theory, the paper discovered that unless our leaders eschew ethnic, religious, and partisan politics in governance, the clamour for disintegration and crises caused by these ethnic groups will continue to incite unnecessary distractions that will lead to disunity and underdevelopment in Nigeria. .
Development of Problem-Based Learning (PBL) Biology Module to Improve Learning Competence and Students’ Critical Thinking Skills Class VIII Junior High School (SMPN 1) Patamuan
Authors:   Graduate Students of Biology Education, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, Padang State University, Padang, Indonesia, Desti YE , Razak A ,   Lecturer for Postgraduate Biology Education, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, Padang State University, Padang, Indonesia
Published: February 2023

This study aims to produce a valid, practical and effective excretory system biology module to improve students' competence and critical thinking skills. The type of research carried out is development research (R&D) with the Plomp design which consists of 3 stages, namely preliminary research, prototyping and assessment phase. The module validation uses an instrument in the form of a questionnaire. The results of the validation of the PBL-based module are categorized as very valid. The next stage will be the practicality and effectiveness assessment. The results of the practicality assessment by teachers and students showed that the module was very practical to use. the effectiveness of problem-based learning modules using test instruments and observation sheets. The results showed that the module effectively improve the competence and critical thinking skills of students which can be seen from the significant difference in learning outcomes of competence and critical thinking skills between students in the experimental class with the control class. Based on the results of data analysis, the PBL-based module on the developed excretion system material can be declared valid, practical and effective.
Desenvolvimento e validação de um teste rápido indireto para diagnóstico de COVID 19 usando proteínas quiméricas
Authors:   , Lopes Letícia Alves
Published: February 2023

SARS-CoV-2 foi o nome dado ao vírus responsável pela maior pandemia deste século. A doença causada por este vírus foi denominada COVID-19. Esta situação demonstrou a dependência do Brasil quanto a insumos para o combate à pandemia. Desta forma, devido à escassez de testes nacionais e à necessidade de importação de insumos para fazer kits de diagnóstico, nosso grupo de pesquisa iniciou o desenvolvimento de kit de diagnóstico rápido nacional para COVID-19. Para isso, foram desenhadas duas proteínas quiméricas contendo regiões que codificam as proteínas N e S, que são diretamente ligadas à antigenicidade e infecciosidade do vírus. Tais proteínas foram denominadas Quimera e Quimera Gold. Neste trabalho, foram realizados testes com propósito produzir, estabilizar e fazer a validação destas proteínas como antígenos no diagnóstico indireto de COVID-19. As proteínas purificadas foram validadas por ensaio de ELISA e utilizadas em teste rápido imunocromatográfico. A proteína Quimera teve baixa adsorção ao ouro coloidal, utilizado para revelar o teste rápido. Ao final, foi produzido um protótipo de kit de diagnóstico rápido, no qual verificamos a capacidade desses antígenos em detectar a presença de anticorpos IgM e IgG em amostras de pacientes com COVID-19. Considerando o conjunto de amostras biológicas, obteve-se uma sensibilidade igual a 57% e especificidade de 91%, o que representa concordância geral de 77,8% em relação ao RT-PCR, para IgG e IgM. Já em comparação com outros testes rápidos disponíveis comercialmente no Brasil e regularizados na Anvisa, o mesmo apresentou co- sensibilidade de 78% e co-especificidade de 100%, o que representa 93% de concordância geral. Com estes resultados esperamos contribuir para a nacionalização de insumos e de kits de diagnóstico indireto de COVID-19, proporcionando uma emancipação para o Brasil no que diz respeito ao diagnostico, e promovendo para a sociedade uma melhor qualidade de vida. Palavras-chave: COVID 19. Teste rápido indireto. LFIA. Quimera. Quimera Gold.
Synthesis and Biological Activity and Thermal Analysis of Sulfaquinoxaline Mixed Metal Complexes
Authors:   Chemistry Department, Faculty of Science, Damanhour University, Egypt, A kolkaila Sherif , S Elasala Gehan ,   Chemistry Department, Faculty of Science, Damanhour University, Egypt
Published: February 2023

New mixed sulfaquinoxaline metal complexes were synthised by reacting sulfanomide ligand with transition metals which were as chlorides (Cr(III), Mn(II), Co(II), Cu(II), Hg(II), Fe(III), Zn(II), Cd(II), Ni(II)). The nine mixed complexes of sulfaquinoxaline is prepared by reflux method and determined by CHN analysis and IR. The results of IR spectral data showed that the binding of metals to the sulfonamidic nitrogen, oxygen of sulfone group and nitrogen of amino group .The geometries of all complexes are octahedral and that proved by magnetic measurements and spectral data. The thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) of mixed metal sulfaquinoxaline complexes and DTA that used to determine thermodynamic parameters of the thermal decomposition steps, Ea, ∆H*and ∆S* are carried out from ambient temperature to 700°C in inert nitrogen atmosphere.
Cervical joint positioning error and its association with cervical spine mechanics among undergraduate students
Authors: Malik Reem Javed , Humaira Fareed  , Farrah Qureshi  , Fouzia Batool  , Admin
Published: February 2023

A cross sectional analytical study was conducted from September 26 to December 28 2018 at Shifa Tameer-e-Millat University Islamabad with 111 undergraduate students aged 17-26 years as participants. The aim of the study was to establish the normative values of cervical joint positioning error (CJPE) and its association with cervical spine mechanics. Neck discomfort was measured using the neck portion of the “student specific Cornell Musculoskeletal Discomfort Questionnaire” (ssCMDQ) and CJPE was measured via cervico-cephalic relocation test using a goniometer. Non-parametric tests of significance were used because the data was not normally distributed in terms of normality testing. Normative values of CJPE were noted to be highest in flexion (9o±9o), rotation towards left (9o±6o) and right (8o±7o), extension (6o±8o), and lastly lateral flexion towards left (5o±7o) and right (5o±5o). Higher CJPE in all movements was observed among females; however, no significant statistical differences were observed (p>0.05).
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Leverage of mHealth integration in Maternal and child health services and during COVID-19
Authors: Jabeen Rawshan , Mohammad Ameer
Published: February 2023

The growing use of mobile phones has enabled potential mobile health users to respond to various healthcare crises, even during the Covid-19 pandemic. In low- and middle-income countries where people lack access to basic healthcare, various "mHealth" interventions have been proven. Several “mHealth” interventions have been proven, especially in low- and middle-income countries where people don’t have access to basic healthcare services.  In addition, it would facilitate public health researchers in developing new ways to improve the sustainability of MNCH programmes during emergencies or public health alerts. Furthermore, it would help public health researchers in developing new ways for sustainable MNCH programmes that continue to function during any emergency or public health alert circumstances. This article aims to provide evidence of mHealth integration in Pakistan's MNCH programme and to look into unique techniques used during the Covid-19 pandemic.
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Assessment of outcomes after intralesional bleomycin sclerotherapy of lymphatic malformations in children
Authors: Mazhar Aqsa , Shazlee Muhammad Kashif , Mallick Yousuf Abd , Muhammad Ammar Ali , Samad Lubna
Published: February 2023

Objective: To evaluate the efficacy of bleomycin in the treatment of lymphatic malformations, and the concordance between photographic and radiological assessments of the outcome.
Method: The retrospective study was conducted at the Vascular Anomalies Centre of Indus Hospital, Karachi, and comprised data of patients enrolled with diagnosis of macrocystic or mixed lymphatic malformations from January 2017 to November 2019. All patients had been treated with injection bleomycin 0.6-1mg/kg/session. Size and location of lesions, ultrasonographic findings, photographic documentation and post-procedure complications were reviewed. Photographic and radiographical assessment outcomes were categorised as excellent, good or poor, and compared for concordance. Data was analysed using Stata 14.
Results: Of the 31 children, 22(68.8%) were boys. Mean age at presentation was 54.2±44 months (range: 2 months to 15.7 years). There were 32 lymphatic malformations; 29(90.6) macrocystic and 3(9.4%) mixed. Head and neck region was mostly involved 19(59.4%). Most lesions 23(71.9%) presented during the first year of life, and 29(90.6%) lesions were purely macrocystic. Excellent, good and poor response was seen in 16(50%), 15(46.9%) and 1(3.1%) lesions on photographic assessment, and 21(65.6%), 11(34.4%) and 0(0.0%) lesions on radiological assessment, respectively. Concordance in photographic and radiological outcomes was 22(69%). No complications were seen and no statistically significant difference was observed for photographic and radiographic assessment with respect to gender, malformation type, region involved, and number of sessions (p>0.05).
Conclusion: Intralesional bleomycin sclerotherapy was found to be effective in the treatment of lymphatic malformations. Clinical observation was reliable in assessing progress on routine follow-up, with additional radiology done when management decisions needed to be reviewed.
Key Words: Bleomycin, Intralesional injection, Lymphatic malformations, Sclerotherapy.
Etiological study of short stature in children and role of insulin like growth factor-1 and insulin like growth factor binding protein-3 as screening markers for growth hormone deficiency
Authors: Bibi Afshan , Muhammad Aamir  , Zujaja Hina Haroon  , Umair Maqsood  , Hajira  , Uzma Qamar
Published: February 2023

Objective: To determine aetiological factors in children with short stature, and to evaluate the role of insulin like growth factor-1 and insulin like growth factor binding protein-3 as screening markers for growth hormone deficiency.
Method: The cross-sectional study was conducted at the Department of Chemical Pathology and Endocrinology, Armed Forces Institute of Pathology, Rawalpindi, Pakistan, from August 2020 to July 2021, and comprised children with short stature. Evaluation protocol included complete history and examination, baseline laboratory investigations, X-ray for bone age and karyotyping. Growth hormone status was assessed using growth hormone stimulation tests, and serum insulin like growth factor-1 and insulin like growth factor binding protein-3 levels were also assessed. Data was analysed using SPSS 25.
Results: Of the 649 children, 422(65.9%) were boys and 227(34.9%) were girls. The overall median age was 11 years (interquartile range: 11 years). Of the total, 116(17.9%) children had growth hormone deficiency. Familial short stature was present in 130(20%) children and constitutional delay in growth and puberty in 104(16.1%). There was no significant difference in levels of serum insulin like growth factor-1 and insulin like growth factor binding protein-3 in children who had growth hormone deficiency and those who had other causes of short stature (p>0.05).
Conclusion: Physiological variants of short stature were found to be more common in the population followed by growth hormone deficiency. Serum insulin like growth factor-1 and insulin like growth factor binding protein-3 levels alone should not be used to screen children with short stature for growth hormone deficiency.
Key Words: Short stature, Growth hormone deficiency, Growth hormone stimulation tests, IGF-1, IGFBP-3.
Community acquired acute kidney injury in South Asia: causes and outcome. A Meta-Analysis
Authors: Rubina Naqvi  , Huma Anbreen
Published: February 2023

Objectives: To collect all studies on acute kidney injury, even with their limitations, done in South Asia to draw a picture about the types of acute kidney injury prevalent in the region.
Method: The meta-analysis was conducted in June 2022 and comprised search on PubMed, Medline, Cochrane Library and Google Scholar databases for studies on acute kidney injury done in South Asia regardless of time limit, and published in the English language. Combinations of key words used were ‘community acquired acute kidney injury’ or ‘acute renal failure’ with using individual names of ‘different countries’ in South Asia. Data was extracted and analysed.
Results: Of the 31(67.4%) studies subjected to detailed analysis, 17(54.83%) had been done in India, 10(32.25%) in Pakistan, 2(6.45%) in Nepal, and 1(3.22%) each in Bangladesh and Sri Lanka. Overall, there were 16,584 patients with acute kidney injury. There were 16(51.61%) studies focussing on community-acquired acute kidney injury, while 15(48.38%) also included hospital-acquired acute kidney injury. Also, 17(54.83%) studies were prospective and 14(45.16%) were retrospective. Pattern of defining and classifying acute kidney injury varied in the studies. Need for renal replacement was not mentioned universally. Complete recovery reported varied 40-80% and mortality 2.2-52% in the studies analysed.
Conclusions: The number of acute kidney injury patients was considerable. Despite variations in definitions, study designs and outcomes, the meta-analysis provides useful information about the pattern of presentation and major causes of community-acquired acute kidney injury in South Asia.
Key Words: Acute kidney injury, Community-acquired, South Asia, Meta-analysis.
The Relationship of Burnout with Perceived Expressed Emotion, Anxiety, and Depression Levels in Professional Adolescent Volleyball Players
Authors: Ali Güler Hasan , Kaya İsmail
Published: February 2023

Objective: Athlete burnout is an increasing problem among adolescents. Based on previous studies, it has been thought that anxiety, depression and perceived expressed emotion may be important factors in terms of athlete burnout, and these four factors may interact with each other. We aimed to examine the relationship between athlete burnout, perceived expressed emotion, anxiety and depression, and to reveal the factors that predict athlete burnout.

Material and Methods: The study consists of 62 professional volleyball players between the ages of 12-17. The participants completed the sociodemographic form, Athlete Burnout Questionnaire, Shortened Level of Expressed Emotion Scale, and Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale.

Results: Perceived irritability and anxiety and depression levels were correlated in our study. Lack of emotional support had positive association with depression levels, and perceived intrusiveness had positive association with anxiety. A correlation was obtained between reduced sense of accomplishment and emotional/physical exhaustion, which are subscales of Athlete Burnout Questionnaire, and both anxiety and depression levels. In addition, reduced sense of accomplishment had positive association with perceived intrusiveness. The linear regression model demonstrated that anxiety significantly contributed to reduced sense of accomplishment.

Conclusions: As a result of our study, it was concluded that determining anxiety-depression levels, and evaluating the parent-child relationship in adolescent athletes may be important in terms of both prevention and treatment programs for athlete burnout.
DIFICULDADES DOS ALUNOS NA APRENDIZAGEM DA ESCRITA E LEITURA EM LÍNGUA INGLESA E ESPANHOLA
Authors: Alves Guimarães Ueudison , Pakulsky Leimann Rosa Grazieli
Published: February 2023

O presente artigo tem como tema “dificuldades dos alunos na aprendizagem da escrita e leitura em língua inglesa e espanhola, e tem como objetivo identificar as dificuldades dos alunos na escrita e leitura em língua inglesa e espanhola, bem como fazer um levantamento sobre as possíveis causas dessas dificuldades, entender como ocorre o processo de aquisição de conhecimento de crianças e adultos, e a importância da interação da família com a escola como forma de reduzir as dificuldades de aprendizagem dos alunos. Para levantamento de dados, o presente trabalho está desenvolvido a partir da leitura de diversos artigos relacionados ao tema de “dificuldades dos alunos na aprendizagem da escrita e leitura em Língua Inglesa e Espanhola”, disponibilizados em sites acadêmicos como o Google School e Scielo. O conteúdo se divide em tópicos, organizados a partir da introdução, desenvolvimento, conclusão e referências.
DIABETES TIPO 1: UMA REVISÃO ACERCA DA ABORDAGEM MÉDICA PERANTE OS ASPECTOS PSICOSSOCIAIS E BIOLÓGICOS DA DOENÇA
Authors: Rosse Rodrigues e Silva Matheus , Silva Carolino Igor da , Senra Gazel Fernando
Published: February 2023

Introdução: O diabetes mellitus tipo 1 (DM1), uma doença metabólica crônica, que tem seu diagnóstico, frequentemente, realizado durante a infância ou adolescência, isso gera um impacto psicossocial na vida desses jovens, tanto pelo diagnóstico e tratamento da doença, pois eles influenciam os hábitos de vida relacionados a alimentação, atividade física e cuidados gerais, como também, pela própria fase da vida implicar mudanças que irão impactar no psicológico e social do indivíduo, além da dependência dos responsáveis para realização do tratamento. Com isso, o estudo busca discutir uma melhor forma de abordagem terapêutica, nesse estágio da vida. Objetivos: O objetivo deste estudo é indicar as dificuldades e problemas desencadeados pelo diagnóstico e tratamento do DM1 em jovens, como também instruir uma melhor forma de abordagem para o sucesso do tratamento e bem-estar do paciente. Metodologia: Consiste em um estudo de revisão bibliográfica, quantitativo, relacionado a abordagem terapêutica e aos impactos biopsicossociais do tratamento do DM1 em jovens. O período analisado é de 2008 a 2023, e as bases teóricas foram SciELO (Scientific Electronic Library Online) e o PubMed, tendo cinco descritores usados de forma combinada para pesquisa das referências. Consequentemente, foram selecionadas conforme o conteúdo do resumo, para compor a tese do estudo. Resultados: Os resultados abordam: o risco de transtornos psicológicos em jovens diagnosticados com DM1; a dificuldade deles em serem responsáveis pelo tratamento; a importância da educação em diabetes para alcançar bons resultados terapêuticos; o tratamento farmacológico e aconselhamento dietético; e por fim os riscos da própria terapêutica.
A POLÍTICA NACIONAL DE SAÚDE DA PESSOA IDOSA E A SITUAÇÃO EPIDEMIOLÓGICA DAS ISTS NA TERCEIRA IDADE
Authors: Pereira Pedro Octávio Silva , Mendes Isabela Simões , Moreira Laura Eduarda , Silva Gabriel André Duarte , Machado Fabiana Soares , Giati Giulia Neiva , Cunha Brenda Michelle da Costa , Giati Luna Gonçalves , De Oliveira Diogo Leão
Published: February 2023

Introdução: a prática sexual na terceira idade, outrora considerada um tabu, agora é evidentemente uma realidade. Aliado à longevidade, o advento dos estimulantes sexuais proporcionou maior facilidade e constância na prática sexual, associado a maior incidência de infecções sexualmente transmissíveis na terceira idade. Diante disso, objetiva-se revisar os dados epidemiológicos e a literatura recente no que tange essa problemática. Desenvolvimento: trata-se de um estudo ecológico de série temporal no qual foram utilizadas informações acerca de acometimento por sífilis, hepatite B e AIDS na terceira idade a partir de dados registrados no DATASUS. Durante o período de 2010 a 2021, foram notificados 75.368 casos de sífilis, 16.333 casos de hepatite e 24.413 casos de AIDS. A literatura evidencia a necessidade de educação em saúde e políticas públicas a fim de prevenir e limitar infecções na terceira idade. Considerações finais: entender o idoso como um ser longevo e não limitado, principalmente no aspecto sexual, inclui compreender a situação epidemiológica que incide como um problema.
Acute Kidney Injury in Patients with Leukaemia Submitted to Allogeneic Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplant – KDIGO Classification with Creatinine and Urinary Output Criteria: Cohort Analysis
Authors: N Rodrigues , C Costa , C Branco , F Marques , P Vasconcelos , C Martins , AL Papoila , I Pinto , JA Lopes
Published: February 2023

Background: Allogeneic Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplant (allo-HSCT) is often complicated by Acute Kidney Injury (AKI) and has been increasingly used in patients with leukaemia. Studies on this subject include patients with several haematological diseases and use only Serum Creatinine (SCr) to define AKI. We aimed to evaluate incidence, risk factors and 5-year prognostic impact of AKI in patients with leukaemia submitted to allo-HSCT by SCr and Urinary Output (UO). Methods: We conducted a single-centre retrospective cohort study. AKI was defined according to KDIGO classification. We used survival analysis methods considering competing events - the Fine and Gray method - to identify AKI risk factors and assess the impact of AKI on disease-free survival. Additive Cox proportional hazards regression models were applied to analyse time until death from all causes. Stepwise selection regression methods were used to create the final multivariable model. Results: We included 164 patients. The cumulative incidence of AKI was 63.4% 100 days post-HSCT. On the first day of AKI, 76.9% presented SCr criteria, 15.4% presented UO criteria and 7.7% presented both criteria. The highest stage of AKI was 1 in 61.8%, 2 in 21.6% and 3 in 16.7%. Variables independently associated with AKI: HCT-CI >2 (HR:1.88,95%CI:1.13- 3.11;p=0.015), radiotherapy in the past (HR:2.07,95%CI:2.07- 1.06;p=0.034), LDH at hospital admission (HR:1.51,95%CI:1.03- 2.21;p=0.035), shock (HR:1.57,95%CI:1.02-2.39;p=0.039), and sepsis (HR:3.36,95%CI:1.22-9.24;p=0.019). Severe AKI was independently associated with lower overall survival along the first 5 years (HR:1.76,95%CI:1.03-3.00;p=0.037). Conclusion: AKI in leukaemia patients submitted to allo-HSCT had a cumulative incidence of 63.4% and more than 15% of these patients presented only with UO reduction on the day of AKI onset. Two thirds of the patients evolved with AKI stage 2 or 3. Sepsis, previous radiotherapy treatments at any time before HSCT, HCT-CI scoring higher than 2 points, shock and higher LDH levels increased the risk of developing AKI. Severe AKI was associated to lower overall survival throughout the first five years after allo-HSCT. To our knowledge, this is the first study considering both SCr and UO for AKI patients with Leukaemia submitted to allogeneic Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplant.
Especificidades no padrão setorial de inovação em países em desenvolvimento: uma investigação para a indústria brasileira
Authors: Milano de Lucena Rodrigo
Published: February 2023

O objetivo deste artigo é analisar o padrão setorial de inovação da indústria brasileira, considerando a Taxonomia Pavitt. A hipótese é que há diferenças para a Taxonomia Pavitt em países em desenvolvimento. O trabalho então utilizou o banco de dados PINTEC 2014 complementado com os bancos de dados RAIS e PIA. O arcabouço metodológico foi a análise fatorial para encontrar fatores relevantes combinados à análise de cluster para criar grupos setoriais com as mesmas características de mudança tecnológica. Os fatores criados (impacto da inovação, gastos com inovação, apropriação de conhecimento e projetos industriais e gastos com marketing) foram bons o suficiente para detectar padrões setoriais de inovação na indústria brasileira. O artigo contribui para mostrar que o tamanho da empresa não é uma boa variável para investigar o padrão setorial da indústria brasileira. A indústria brasileira apresenta alguma convergência com a taxonomia Pavitt, mas apresenta algumas especificidades que também foram confirmadas por estudos anteriores.