bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Diesel engine performance modelling using neural networks
Authors:   , Rawlins Mark Steve
Published: October 2021

The aim of this study is to develop, using neural networks, a model to aid the performance monitoring of operational diesel engines in industrial settings. Feed-forward and modular neural network-based models are created for the prediction of the specific fuel consumption on any normally aspirated direct injection four-stroke diesel engine. The predictive capability of each model is compared to that of a published quadratic method. Since engine performance maps are difficult and time consuming to develop, there is a general scarcity of these maps, thereby limiting the effectiveness of any engine monitoring program that aims to manage the fuel consumption of an operational engine. Current methods applied for engine consumption prediction are either too complex or fail to account for specific engine characteristics that could make engine fuel consumption monitoring simple and general in application. This study addresses these issues by providing a neural network-based predictive model that requires two measured operational parameters: the engine speed and torque, and five known engine parameters. The five parameters are: rated power, rated and minimum specific fuel consumption bore and stroke. The neural networks are trained using the performance maps of eight commercially available diesel engines, with one entire map being held out of sample for assessment of model generalisation performance and application validation. The model inputs are defined using the domain expertise approach to neural network input specification. This approach requires a thorough review of the operational and design parameters affecting engine fuel consumption performance and the development of specific parameters that both scale and normalize engine performance for comparative purposes. Network architecture and learning rate parameters are optimized using a genetic algorithm-based global search method together with a locally adaptive learning algorithm for weight optimization. Network training errors are statistically verified and the neural network test responses are validation tested using both white and black box validation principles. The validation tests are constructed to enable assessment of the confidence that can be associated with the model for its intended purpose. Comparison of the modular network with the feed-forward network indicates that they learn the underlying function differently, with the modular network displaying improved generalisation on the test data set. Both networks demonstrate improved predictive performance over the published quadratic method. The modular network is the only model accepted as verified and validated for application implementation. The significance of this work is that fuel consumption monitoring can be effectively applied to operational diesel engines using a neural network-based model, the consequence of which is improved long term energy efficiency. Further, a methodology is demonstrated for the development and validation testing of modular neural networks for diesel engine performance prediction.
Penerapan Metode Silhouette Coefficient untuk Evaluasi Clustering Obat
Authors: Paembonan Solmin , Abduh Hisma
Published: October 2021

Dalam penelitian ini menggunakan metode k-means, metode ini dapat digunakan untuk menjadikan beberapa obat yang mirip menjadi suatu kelompok data tertentu. Salah satu cara untuk mengetahui tingkat kemiripan data adalah melalui perhitungan jarak antar data. Semakain kecil jarak antar data semakin tinggi tingkat kemiripan data tersebut dan sebaliknya semakin besar jarak antar data maka semakin rendah tingkat kemiripannya. Tujuan akhir clustering adalah untuk menentukan kelompok dalam sekumpulan data yang tidak berlabel, karena clustering merupakan suatu metode unsupervised dan tidak terdapat suatu kondisi awal untuk sejumlah cluster yang mungkin terbentuk dalam sekumpulan data, maka dibutuhkan suatu evaluasi hasil clustering. Berdasarkan evaluasi yang dilakukan terhadap hasil clustering dengan nilai dari silhouette coeficient = 0,4854. In this study using the k-means method, this method can be used to make several similar drugs into a certain data group. One way to determine the level of similarity of the data is through the calculation of the distance between the data. The smaller the distance between the data, the higher the level of similarity between the data and vice versa, the greater the distance between the data, the lower the similarity level. For a number of clusters that may be formed in a data set, an evaluation of the results of clustering is needed. Based on the evaluation carried out on the results of clustering with the value of the silhouette coefficient = 0.4854.
Käsitteellisestä epämääräisyydestä puuttuvaan selitysvoimaan: Pikettyn Pääoman pääoma
Authors: Heino Saska
Published: October 2021

Käsitteen pääoma käyttö on laventunut historian saatossa merkittävästi. Yhä useampi asia, ominaisuus ja yhteiskunnallinen suhde on nimetty pääomaksi. Käsitteen muutokset kuvastavat osittain pääoman reaalisia muutoksia. Kyse on suurelta osin kuitenkin käsitteen epämääräistymisestä eli saman termin käytöstä yhä uusissa asiayhteyksissä. Käsitteen merkitys on korostunut viime vuosien tulo- ja varallisuuserokeskusteluissa. Keskusteluista on kiittäminen suurelta osin Thomas Pikettyä, jonka teokset Capital in the Twenty-First Century ja Capital and Ideology ovat synnyttäneet maailmanlaajuista väittelyä taloudellisesta eriarvoisuudesta. Piketty on soveltanut työssään laajaa ja abstraktia pääomakäsitettä. Pikettyn pääoma on varallisuutta riippumatta sen käyttötarkoituksesta. Hänen pääomakäsitteensä laveus heijastaa sen epämääräistymistä. Laveuden seurauksena on Pikettyn selitysmallin empiirinen paikkansapitämättömyys ja heikko selitysvoima. Tämä katsausartikkeli osoittaa, että Pikettyn ongelmat voidaan palauttaa suurelta osin epämääräistyneeseen pääomakäsitteeseen. Artikkeli osoittaa myös, että Pikettyn työn empiiristä paikkansapitävyyttä on kyseenalaistettu laajalti. Lopuksi katsaus pohtii, minkälainen pääomakäsite voisi soveltua pääoman analysointiin Pikettyn laajaa käsitettä paremmin.
SISTEM PENDUKUNG KEPUTUSAN PEMILIHAN SISWA BERPRESTASI MENGGUNAKAN METODE TOPSIS PADA SDN 11 TILAMUTA
Authors: Saleh Hamsir , Hunowu Apriyanto
Published: October 2021

Sistem pendukung keputusan pemilihan siswa berprestasi  pada SDN 11 Tilamuta dapat membantu dalam membuat keputusan secara cepat,  banyaknya jumlah siswa yang berpotensi menyulitkan pihak sekolah dalam menentukan siswa berprestasi, lamanya waktu penilaian yang dilakukan menyulitkan pihak sekolah dalam menetukan siswa berprestasi, penerapan metode TOPSIS dalam memilih siswa berprestasi dan mengetahui efektivitas dari implementasi sistem pendukung keputusan TOPSIS, dapat di
Observed slump of sea land breeze in Brisbane under the effect of aerosols from remote transport during 2019 Australia mega fire events
Authors: Shen Lixing , Zhao Chuanfeng , Yang Xingchuan , Yang Yikun , Zhou Ping
Published: October 2021

Abstract. The 2019 Australia mega fires were unprecedented considering its intensity and consistency. There have been many researches on the environmental and ecological effects of the mega fires, most of which focused on the effect of huge aerosol loadings and the ecological devastation. Sea land breeze (SLB) is a regional thermodynamic circulation closely related to coastal pollution dispersion yet few have looked into how it is influenced by different types of aerosols transported from either nearby or remote areas. Mega fires provide an optimal scenario of large aerosol loadings. Near the coastal site of Brisbane Archerfield during January in 2020 when mega fires were the strongest, reanalysis data from Modern-Era Retrospective analysis for Research and Applications version 2 (MERRA-2) showed that mega fires did release huge amounts of aerosols, making aerosol optical depth (AOD) of total aerosols, Black Carbon (BC) and Organic Carbon (OC) approximately 240 %, 425 %, 630 % of the averages of other non-fire years. Using 20 years’ wind observations of hourly time resolution from global observation network managed by National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA), we found that SLB day number during that month was only four, accounting for 33.3 % of the multi-years’ average. The land wind (LW) speed and sea wind (SW) speed also decreased by 22.3 % and 14.8 % compared with their averages respectively. Surprisingly, fire spot and fire radiative power (FRP) analysis showed that heating effect and aerosol emission of the nearby fire spots were not the main cause of local SLB anomaly while the remote transport of aerosols from the fire center was mainly responsible for the decrease of SW, which was partially offset by the heating effect of nearby fire spots and warming effect of long-range transported BC and CO2. The large scale cooling effect of aerosols on sea surface temperature (SST) and the burst of BC contributed to the slump of LW. The remote transport of total aerosols was mainly caused by free diffusion while large scale wind field played a secondary role at 500 m. Large scale wind field played a more important role in aerosol transport at 3 km than at 500 m, especially for the gathered smoke, but free diffusion remained the major contributor. The decrease of SLB speed boosted the local accumulation of aerosols, thus further made SLB speed decrease, forming a positive feedback mechanism.
Validation of a coupled δ2Hn-alkane–δ18Osugar paleohygrometer approach based on a climate chamber experiment
Authors: Hepp Johannes , Mayr Christoph , Rozanski Kazimierz , Schäfer Imke Kathrin , Tuthorn Mario , Glaser Bruno , Juchelka Dieter , Stichler Willibald , Zech Roland , Zech Michael
Published: October 2021

Abstract. The hydrogen isotope composition of leaf-wax-derived biomarkers, e.g., long-chain n-alkanes (δ2Hn-alkane), is widely applied in
paleoclimate. However, a direct reconstruction of the isotope composition of
source water based on δ2Hn-alkane alone is
challenging due to the enrichment of heavy isotopes during evaporation. The
coupling of δ2Hn-alkane with δ18O of
hemicellulose-derived sugars (δ18Osugar) has the potential
to disentangle this limitation and additionally to allow relative humidity
reconstructions. Here, we present δ2Hn-alkane as well
as δ18Osugar results obtained from leaves of Eucalyptus globulus, Vicia faba, and
Brassica oleracea, which grew under controlled conditions. We addressed the questions of (i) whether δ2Hn-alkane and δ18Osugar values allow reconstructions of leaf water isotope
composition, (ii) how accurately the reconstructed leaf water isotope
composition enables relative humidity (RH) reconstruction, and (iii) whether the
coupling of δ2Hn-alkane and δ18Osugar enables a robust source water calculation. For all investigated species, the n-alkane n-C29 was most abundant and
therefore used for compound-specific δ2H measurements. For
Vicia faba, additionally the δ2H values of n-C31 could be evaluated
robustly. Regarding hemicellulose-derived monosaccharides, arabinose and
xylose were most abundant, and their δ18O values were therefore
used to calculate weighted mean leaf δ18Osugar values.
Both δ2Hn-alkane and δ18Osugar
yielded significant correlations with δ2Hleaf water and
δ18Oleaf water, respectively (r2=0.45 and 0.85,
respectively; p<0.001, n=24). Mean fractionation factors
between biomarkers and leaf water were found to be −156 ‰
(ranging from −133 ‰ to −192 ‰) for εn-alkane/leaf water and +27.3 ‰ (ranging
from +23.0 ‰ to 32.3 ‰) for εsugar/leaf water, respectively. Modeled RHair values from a
Craig–Gordon model using measured Tair, δ2Hleaf water
and δ18Oleaf water as input correlate highly significantly
with modeled RHair values (R2=0.84, p<0.001, RMSE = 6 %). When coupling δ2Hn-alkane and δ18Osugar values, the correlation of modeled RHair values
with measured RHair values is weaker but still highly significant, with
R2=0.54 (p<0.001, RMSE = 10 %). Finally, the
reconstructed source water isotope composition (δ2Hs and
δ18Os) as calculated from our coupled approach matches the
source water in the climate chamber experiment (δ2Htank water and δ18Otank water). This
highlights the great potential of the coupled δ2Hn-alkane–δ18Osugar paleohygrometer
approach for paleoclimate and relative humidity reconstructions.
Assessing the ecological value of dynamic mountain geomorphosites
Authors: Bussard Jonathan , Giaccone Elisa
Published: October 2021

Abstract. Geoheritage is a component of geodiversity constituted by all the elements
of geodiversity recognized by society for their particular values. The
definition of these values, including the importance of geoheritage for
biodiversity, plays a key role in the process of heritage recognition and
geoconservation policymaking. In mountain environments, dynamic geomorphosites have a strong influence on plant diversity because the active geomorphological processes responsible for their formation act as renovators for habitats of pioneer species. In this paper, we propose criteria to assess the ecological value of dynamic mountain geomorphosites. We show that the interest of plant communities (species richness and presence of rare or protected species) and the influence of geomorphological processes on plant communities (disturbances, surface movement and soil) are fundamental criteria for assessing the ecological value in an exhaustive and objective way and that the question of the scale (local and national scales) is also a crucial parameter. We then illustrate this methodological proposal by evaluating the ecological value of three dynamic geomorphosites and a talus slope in the western Swiss Alps.
LAPS v1.0.0: Lagrangian Advection of Particles at Sea, a Matlab program to simulate the displacement of particles in the ocean
Authors: Mouyen Maxime , Plateaux Romain , Kunz Alexander , Steer Philippe , Longuevergne Laurent
Published: October 2021

Abstract. We develop a Matlab program named LAPS (Lagrangian Advection of Particles at Sea) to simulate the advection of suspended particles in the global ocean with a minimal user effort to install, set and run the simulations. LAPS uses the 3D sea current velocity fields provided by ECCO2 to track the fate of suspended particles injected in the ocean, at specific places and times, during a period of time. LAPS runs with a short configuration file set by the user and returns the distribution of the particles at the end of the advection. A continuous tracking option is also available to record the complete trajectory of the particles throughout the entire period of advection. The effect of water waves, or Stokes drift, which alter sea surface current velocities, can also be taken into account. The principle and usage of the program is detailed and then applied to three case studies. The first two cases studies are applied to suspended sediment transport. We show how LAPS simulations can be used to investigate the spatio-temporal distribution of fine particles observed by satellites in the upper ocean. We also estimated sediment deposit areas on the seafloor as a function of sediment grain sizes. The third case study simulates the dispersion of microplastic particles during a tropical cyclone, and shows how the Stokes drift, which is significant during storm events, alters the particles trajectories compared to the case where the Stokes drift is neglected.
PARASO, a circum-Antarctic fully-coupled ice-sheet - ocean - sea-ice - atmosphere - land model involving f.ETISh1.7, NEMO3.6, LIM3.6, COSMO5.0 and CLM4.5
Authors: Pelletier Charles , Fichefet Thierry , Goosse Hugues , Haubner Konstanze , Helsen Samuel , Huot Pierre-Vincent , Kittel Christoph , Klein François , Le clec'h Sebastien , van Lipzig Nicole P. M. , Marchi Sylvain , Massonnet François , Mathiot Pierre , Moravveji Ehsan , Moreno-Chamarro Eduardo , Ortega Pablo , Pattyn Frank , Souverijns Niels , Van Achter Guillian , Vanden Broucke Sam , Vanhulle Alexander , Verfaillie Deborah , Zipf Lars
Published: October 2021

Abstract. We introduce PARASO, a novel five-component fully-coupled regional climate model over an Antarctic circumpolar domain covering the full Southern Ocean. The state-of-the-art models used are f.ETISh1.7 (ice sheet), NEMO3.6 (ocean), LIM3.6 (sea ice), COSMO5.0 (atmosphere) and CLM4.5 (land), which are here run at an horizontal resolution close to 1/4°. One key-feature of this tool resides in a novel two-way coupling interface for representing ocean – ice-sheet interactions, through explicitly resolved ice-shelf cavities. The impact of atmospheric processes on the Antarctic ice sheet is also conveyed through computed COSMO-CLM – f.ETISh surface mass exchanges. In this technical paper, we briefly introduce each model's configuration and document the developments that were carried out in order to establish PARASO. The new offline-based NEMO – f.ETISh coupling interface is thoroughly described. Our developments also include a new surface tiling approach to combine open-ocean and sea-ice covered cells within COSMO, which was required to make this model relevant in the context of coupled simulations in polar regions. We present results from a 2000–2001 coupled two-year experiment. PARASO is numerically stable and fully operational. The 2-year simulation conducted without fine tuning of the model reproduced the main expected features, although remaining systematic biases provide perspectives for further adjustment and development.
A toy-inspired kirigami pattern and its kinematic performance by applying mechanisms and machine theory
Authors: Lin Weiwei , Chen Kunjing , Gao Yuan , Chen Aihua , Yang Fufu , Feng Huijuan
Published: October 2021

Abstract. Origami that can form various shapes by setting simple
creases on the paper and folding along these creases has a lot of
applications from the fields of art to engineering. The inverse problem of
origami that determines the distribution of creases based on the desired
shape is very complicated. In this paper, we use theoretical kinematics to
systematically analyse an inverse folding problem of a toy about how to fold
a piece of paper into a disc through a smaller hole without breaking it. The
results show that some four-crease and six-crease patterns can achieve the
expected function, and they can be easily folded with 1 degree of freedom
(DOF). It not only opens up a new way to solve the inverse folding problem
but also helps students to understand mechanisms and machine theory.
Wind turbine main-bearing lubrication – Part 2: Simulation based results for a double-row spherical roller main-bearing in a 1.5 MW wind turbine
Authors: Hart Edward , de Mello Elisha , Dwyer-Joyce Rob
Published: October 2021

Abstract. This paper is the second in a two-part study on lubrication in wind turbine main-bearings. Where “Part 1” provided an introductory review of elastohydrodynamic lubrication theory, this paper will apply those ideas to investigate lubrication in the double-row spherical roller main-bearing of a 1.5 MW wind turbine. Lubrication is investigated across a “contact conditions dataset” generated by inputting processed loads, obtained from aeroelastic simulations, into a Hertzian contact model of the main-bearing. From the Hertzian model is extracted values of roller load and contact patch dimensions, along with the time rate-of-change of contact patch dimensions. Also included in the dataset are additional environmental and operational variable values (e.g. wind speeds and shaft rotational speeds). A suitable formula for estimating film thickness within this particular bearing is then identified. Using lubricant properties of a commercially available wind turbine grease, specifically marketed for use in main-bearings, an analysis of film thickness across the generated dataset is undertaken. The analysis includes consideration of effects relating to starvation, grease thickener interactions and possible dynamic EHL effects. Results show that the modelled main-bearing would be expected to operate under mixed lubrication conditions for a non-negligible proportion of its operational life, indicating that further work is required to better understand lubrication in this context and implications for main-bearing damage and operational lifetimes. Key sensitivities and uncertainties within the analysis are discussed, along with recommendations for future work.
The Role of Coping Strategies in the Resilience and Well-Being of College Students during COVID-19 Pandemic
Authors: Valladolid Violeta C.
Published: October 2021

The study aimed to investigate the relationship between resilience and well-being of college students during the Covid-19 pandemic and to determine the moderating role of coping strategies in this relationship. Resilience was defined based on the concept of Connor and Davidson (2003), who defined it as an individual characteristic that allows an individual to thrive in the face of adversity, coping strategies were categorized into approach or avoidant coping strategies as measured by COPE Brief, and well-being was conceptualized based on  Warwick-Edinburgh's concept of mental well-being. It included 243 college students enrolled in one of the 12 online social science courses in one college in Metro Manila who were administered through online platform the Warwick-Edinburgh Mental Well-being Scale, Brief COPE, Connor-Davidson Resilience Scale (CD-RISC-10), and Impacts of the COVID-19 Pandemic on Life of Higher Education Students Questionnaire. Results showed a significant relationship between resilience and well-being.  Approach coping strategy also showed significant positive relationships with the three criterion variables: academic, social, and mental well-being, indicating that the more a student employs approach coping strategy, the better is his or her academic, social, and mental well-being. On the other hand, the Avoidant coping strategy was negatively associated with academic-related emotions, showing that the less the use of the Avoidant coping approach, the more positive are the academic-related emotions felt by students during online classes. However, both coping strategies failed to moderate the relationship between resilience and well-being. It is recommended that schools implement programs and services that will train students on how to cope during pandemic.
Golden Delicious almák és Packham körték mechanikai kifáradási mutatóinak összehasonlítása
Authors: Farkas Csaba , Fenyvesi László , Petróczki Károly
Published: October 2021

A kertészeti termények feldolgozási folyamataiban az egyik legjelentősebb, a gyümölcs tönkremeneteléhez vezető jelenség az ismétlődő mechanikai igénybevételek miatt bekövetkező kifáradás, ami főleg a szállítás során veszélyezteti a termények épségét. Ilyen sérülések esetében a károsodott gyümölcs közvetlen környezete, vagy akár a teljes terményhalmaz is veszélybe kerülhet, hiszen a romláshoz vezető biológiai folyamatok nem korlátozódnak a károsodott terményegyedre. Az ismétlődő hatások esetében a statikus határtértékhez képest kisebb erő is elegendő a tönkremenetelhez, de a terhelés mellett az adott termény anyagi tulajdonságai, valamint a károsodás közben megfigyelhető energiamérleg is fontos szerepet játszik a mechanikai ellenállás meghatározásában. Munkánkban ennek megfelelően a választott terményeket leginkább jellemző anyagmodellekre, az ismételt terhelések során mért disszipált-energia mutatókra, valamint a tönkremeneteli idő definiálására és meghatározására építjük a tönkremeneteli folyamat leírását. A kísérletek során az Európai Unió almatermelésének legnagyobb arányú képviselője, a Golden Delicious alma, valamint a hosszú tárolhatóságú Packham körte kifáradási jellemzőit hasonlítjuk össze lineáris regressziós modellek felállításával.
Comparing Twitter and Instagram as platforms for party leader communication
Authors: Skogerbø Eli , Larsson Anders Olof
Published: October 2021

While social media have become key in contemporary political campaigns, different platforms feature differing affordances, allowing for varying functionalities. Even more importantly, different platforms are populated by different user groups. As Twitter has received large amounts of scholarly attention, comparisons of how and why different social media platforms are used for political communication are less abundant. This study looks at the differences between Twitter and Instagram as platforms for top politicians, describing and explaining how they allow for interaction with different types of audiences. The study gauges the interaction patterns emerging from activity undertaken by Norwegian party leaders on Twitter and Instagram during the 2017 Norwegian elections and shows how use of these two platforms differ not only in terms of the volume and structure of the activities — but also with regard to what types of other users the party leaders choose to interact with on the studied platforms and why we see differences between them.
Strip-teasing COVID-19 porn: A promising silhouette of a community, or the dark alley of a platformized industry?
Authors: Belinskaya Yulia , Rodriguez-Amat Joan Ramon
Published: October 2021

Government’s domestic lockdown measures aimed at preventing the spread of COVID-19 during 2020 altered the patterns of media consumption, and massively boosted the traffic on video-streaming services including porn sites. This research explores the impact of COVID-19 on PornHub in three ways: video content, conditions of production, and related users’ activity. The analysis of a sample of 286 videos within a cluster of thematically relevant tags shows that what appears to be an emerging genre of COVID-19 porn is only a reshuffle of previously consolidated genres scaffolding its symbolic background. The analysis also shows that among the explicit sexual practices, some videos include pedagogical and humoristic insights. These apparently off-topic videos show societal and awareness-raising purposes. This article argues that the capacities of the PornHub interface enable social interactions that transcend the strictly sexual encounter, thus showing a form of social community of practice.
The Hydroxychloroquine Twitter War: A case study examining polarization in science communication
Authors: Marcon Alessandro R. , Caulfield Timothy
Published: October 2021

The COVID-19 pandemic has created communication challenges exacerbated by the circulation of misinformation and the politicization of science. The case of hydroxychloroquine is an illustrative example, with the drug being aggressively promoted as a cure even while emerging evidence demonstrated the contrary. This research analyzed how hydroxychloroquine discussions took place on Twitter from 21 to 28 April 2020, a key period in developments around the drug. We collected, in real time, tweets with “hydroxychloroquine” over this period, which resulted in a dataset of nearly one million tweets from over 350,000 Twitter accounts. Our content analysis provides specific details of how hydroxychloroquine was promoted and critiqued, and which accounts were tweeting. Findings showed a highly polarized environment with active bots and conspiracy propagators, where political perspectives dominated the Twittersphere in the place of science-focused discussions.
GENERAL ANATOMICAL OBERVATIONS UPON THE AFRICAN CATFISH (CLARIAS GARIEPINUS)
Authors: BOLOGAN Gheorghe Radu
Published: October 2021

In order to acquire better knowledge of the morpho- physiological features of the African Catfish there have been done dissections on a varios number of fish of different sex, age, weight.
RESEARCHES REGARDING ESTRUS INDUCTION AND SYNCHRONIZATION IN SOWS AFTER WEANING
Authors: BOGDAN Liviu , GROZA Ioan , CENARIU Mihai , CIUPE Simona , PALL Emoke , PETREAN Anamaria , MATEI Sorana , BOGDAN Sidonia
Published: October 2021

The purpose of this paper was to improve the reproductive performances of sows after weaning in a private swine farm. The main objective was to implement modern reproductive biotechnologies (estrus synchronization, artificial insemination and early pregnancy diagnosis) in order to increase the economic efficiency of the reproductive sector of this farm. The biologic material used for the research was represented by 300 sows whose estrus was synchronized using three hormonal procedures (Regu-Mate administered collectively, Regu-Mate administered individually and PG600) as well as naturally, using stimulating boars. The results showed that the best methods of estrus induction and synchronization in sows use either Regu-Mate administered individually in fodder or PG600.
RAT BONE MARROW MESENCHYMAL STEM CELLS ISOLATION, CULTIVATION AND DIFFERENTIATION
Authors: PALL Emoke , GROZA Ioan , SORITAU Olga , TOMULEASA Ciprian , CENARIU Mihai , GROZA Daria , VLASIU Teodora
Published: October 2021

Bone marrow stromal cells (MSCs) represent a heterogeneous population derived from the non–blood-forming fraction of bone marrow that regulates hematopoietic cell development. In vitro, adult mesenchymal stem cells resident in this bone marrow fraction differentiate into bone, cartilage, and fat. Because MSCs can be easily obtained using a simple bone marrow aspiration and show extensive capacity for expansion in vitro, these cells have been considered as candidates for cell therapy. The aim of this study was to purify rat MSCs from adult bone marrow and to functionally characterise their abilities to differentiate along diverse lineages. Our data demonstrate that we successfully isolated, culture-expanded and differentiated a relatively homogeneous population of MPCs from adult rat bone marrow.
CORRELATION BETWEEN PLASMA CORTISOL AND REACTIVITY IN FIVE HORSES
Authors: PAVALOIU Alexandra Nicoleta , PAPUC Ionel
Published: October 2021

A plasma cortisol measurement and behavioral assessment of five horses was performed, to determine whether there was a correlation between plasma cortisol and their reactivity. A subjective emotionality survey for each horse was completed by the horse's owners and an objective novel stimulus reactivity test was performed. The horses reactions were used to calculate reactivity scores on a reactivity assessment sheet we specially designed. Concentration of plasma cortisol was also measured and reactions to the blood sampling were quantified. Associations were made between those different parameters. All five horses appeared to be hypo reactive and their cortisol levels were also very low. Behavioral assessed reactivity seemed to correlate directly with the plasma cortisol, all values showing a marked hypo reactivity in all horses. The data obtained provided evidence that low plasma cortisol is a good marker of reactivity in hypo reactive horses and also that the designed sheets for the assessment of objective and subjective reactivity may be used, in correlation with plasma cortisol as an assessment tool in the current practice.
Dinamics of Group B Streptococcus and Enterococcus faecalis associated with genital tract infections of dairy cows from two farms of county Iași
Authors: Sikra Alexandra Andreea , Rimbu Cristina Mihaela , Horhogea Cristina , Ciornei Stefan Gregore , Rosca Petru , Drugociu Dan Gheorghe
Published: October 2021

Abstract: The involution of the postpartum bovine uterus is accompanied by bacterial invasion. Studies show that most, if not all, bovine uteri are bacterially contaminated in the immediate postpartum period. The culture at this time will usually produce a wide range of bacteria, including Actinomyces pyogenes, Streptococcus spp., Staphylococcus spp. and Clostridium spp., Coliforms and Gram-negative anaerobes.

The research is part of a larger study that aimed to isolate and identify potentially pathogenic bacteria from uterine secretions and their role in postpartum infections. To isolate and identify the uterine flora, swabs (n=160) were collected from the lumen of 32 dairy cattle, between 3 to >21 DIM. Bacterial microflora has been monitored for 5 weeks. The samples were passed through all stages of the microbiological examination and the results revealed the presence of the species Streptococcus agalactiae and Enterococcus faecalis.

At the first examination Streptococcus agalactiae and Enterococcus faecalis were isolated in 8 (25%) of 32 samples, and Streptococcus agalactiae in monoculture was isolated in 4 (12,5%) of 32 samples. At the second and third examination the number of Streptococcus agalactiae in monoculture decreased. At 21 days after parturition Streptococcus agalactiae and Enterococcus faecalis were isolated in 11 (34,38%) of 32 samples and Streptococcus agalactiae in monoculture was found in 9 (28,12%) of cows. The presence of these bacterial species with pathogenic potential for cattle and humans, highlights a possible zoonotic risk.

Keywords: Dairy cows; Group B Streptococcus; Enterococcus faecalis, Uterine infection
Production of viable bovine embryos by intracytoplasmic sperm injection of oocytes harvested from slaughtered old cows
Authors: Cenariu Mihai , Borzan Mihai , Dan Sorin , Chiorean Remus , Pall Emoke
Published: October 2021

Abstract: (1) Background: Intracytoplasmic sperm injection (ICSI) is currently used to increase fertilization success by avoiding several oocyte or sperm deficiencies that would normally prevent conception after in vivo fertilization or classical in vitro fertilization. This paper aimed at improving the in vitro fertilization protocol of bovine oocytes, harvested from old cows after slaughtering, using intracytoplasmic sperm injection; (2) Methods: Oocytes were harvested by puncture of follicles from ovaries obtained from slaughtered old cows, followed by aspiration. Out of the 127 cumulus-oocyte complexes that were harvested, 84 (66.14%) were declared suitable for cultivation, after morphological evaluation. Following oocyte maturation for 22 hours, 77 cumulus-oocyte complexes were morphologically intact and could undergo the steps required for intracytoplasmic injection of spermatozoa. Frozen-thawed bull semen was used for ICSI and the 77 fertilized oocytes were kept for 24 hours in an atmosphere enriched with 5% CO2.; (3) Results: Fertilized oocytes transformed into 46 zygotes (fertilization rate of 59.74%), while after 168 h of cultivation 38 transferable compact morulae or early blastocysts were obtained; (4) Conclusions: Intracytoplasmic sperm injection can represent a viable alternative to classical IVF, when oocytes or sperm with lower fertility are used.
The influence of Electroacupuncture on a dog diagnosed with osteoarthritis: A case report
Authors: Dragomir Madalina , Pestean Cosmin Petru , Oana Liviu
Published: October 2021

Electroacupuncture is a specific branch of acupuncture that uses electrical stimulation through the selected acupoints. Osteoarthritis is considered a complex condition associated with painful joints and locomotor dysfunction.

The aim of this case report was to bring scientific support regarding the effect of electroacupuncture in a dog with chronic joint degeneration.

An 11-year-old male German shepherd referred to the University of Agricultural Sciences and Veterinary Medicine of Cluj with severe pain in his hind limbs and around his back. Diagnosis based on a western examination, neurological assessment and radiographs indicated chronic osteoarthritis with hip dysplasia. From Traditional Chinese Veterinary Medicine based diagnosis was Kidney Qi Deficiency leading to Bony Bi Syndrome. For the last two years, the treated dog with Mavacoxib (single dose every month) did not show any significant improvement.

A combination of a fine needle with dry acupuncture, electroacupuncture (30-40Hz alternated with 80-100 Hz) and aqua-acupuncture using Zeel (AP) was performed. During the winter, weekly treatment was planned, after that, every two weeks treatment with electroacupuncture and dry needle, for five months until the present.

Since we started the acupuncture treatment, the dog is more active and enjoys playing again. We have managed to stop the administration of NSAID’s and improve his life quality.

In the present study, we evaluated the effect of complementary medicine on a dog with chronic pain and joint degeneration. Electroacupuncture is a complex technique that requires special training; if used wisely, it can be an excellent complementary therapy for veterinary patients’ pain control.
Risk factors of SARS-CoV-2 infection
Authors:   Institute of Cardiology, the Republic of Moldova, Calenici Eugeniu
Published: October 2021

Background: Review is based on the biggest observational population study of all the risk factors of COVID-19 infection. The study was carried out in Royal College of General Practitioners, Oxford, and covering over 4 million of people. Were studied and analyzed risk factors as: age, sex and ethnicity, socioeconomic level, living space dimensions, rural-urban population, body mass index, smoker status, pregnancy, hypertension, chronic kidney disease, ischemic heart disease, chronic respiratory diseases including asthma, and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, and type 1 and 2 diabetes. Patient variable with malignancy and immunocompromised status was separated due to the small number of patients in each group. Conclusions: By September 2020 more than 28.000 articles had been published related to COVID-19 in less than 9 months, 211 new papers every day. Most of them had small population of the studies. In the investigated sample, it was found that increasing age, male sex, economic deprivation, urban location and black ethnicity were associated with higher chances of testing positive for SARS-CoV-2. Active smoking decreased the chance of a positive test. The review covers the most important subjects influencing the development of severe infection outcomes.
Pregnancy in multiple sclerosis: from scientific aspects to practical
Authors:   Diomid Gherman Institute of Neurology and Neurosurgery, Republic of Moldova, Belenciuc Anna , Bubuioc Ana-Maria ,   Nicolae Testemitanu State University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Republic of Moldova, Odainic Olesea ,   Diomid Gherman Institute of Neurology and Neurosurgery, Republic of Moldova, Sangheli Marina ,   Nicolae Testemitanu State University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Republic of Moldova, Gavriliuc Mihail ,   Nicolae Testemitanu State University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Republic of Moldova, Lisnic Vitalie ,   Nicolae Testemitanu State University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Republic of Moldova
Published: October 2021

Background: Multiple sclerosis (MS) is a disease that affects young people of reproductive age (20-40 years old), predominantly women. Therefore, almost every patient has questions about pregnancy and breastfeeding. Family planning is one of the key issues in the choice of treatment tactics. Despite the growing number of therapeutic options for individualized treatment, it is still a question how to manage women with MS who become pregnant while taking disease-modifying drugs or want to become pregnant after starting this treatment. Conclusions: Women with MS should not be discouraged from pregnancy due to their illness. It is necessary to proactively discuss pregnancy planning with all women with MS of childbearing age. Based on available data, interferon beta and glatiramer acetate appear to be most suitable for use up until the time of confirmed pregnancy. A large amount of data (more than 1000 cases) obtained from registries shows that use of interferon beta before conception and during pregnancy suggests no evidence of increase in the rate of congenital anomalies or spontaneous abortions. For women with persistent high disease activity, pulsed immune reconstitution therapy gives additional opportunity for family planning after the last dose. The choice between available options for pulsed immune reconstitution therapy should be based on efficacy balanced against the risks.
REVIEW OF VRANASHOPHA W.S.R. TO INFLAMMATORY SWELLINGS
Authors: Khanvilkar Shramika
Published: October 2021

Acharya Sushruta had a complete knowledge of Vranashopha and described Vranashopha into 3 progressive stages. Inflammation in Ayurveda is known by different names in different contexts namely Shotha, Shopha, Svayatu and Utsedha. Inflammation is duly recognised in Ayurveda as a pathological manifestation, while Modern Medicine considers Inflammation as a symptom or rather as a healing response of the body. Ayurveda treats the concepts of Inflammation as symptom of a disease, an independent disease and complication of disease. Vranashopha shares  common pathological features of Inflammation. The disturbances in micro channel circulation in Inflammation are due to Srotodusti (clogging of channels) by Amma (toxic waste of metabolism). The proper clinical approch to Vranashopha with Modern concept plays a important role in management and preventing complication of Vranashopha.
Comparative Pharmaceutical -Analytical study of Sushruta Lauha Ayaskriti and Lauha Bhasma
Authors: Khekale Kranti Natthuji
Published: October 2021

Ayaskriti is an ayurvedic formulation containing iron. It is a specific metal processing technique developed in ancient times to make iron suitable for internal use. Objective: To prepare and physicochemically evaluate lauha Ayaskriti (shusruta) and lauha bhasma. Materials and methods: lauha Ayaskriti (shusruta) and lauha bhasma was prepared as per ayurvedic text and characterized by Organoleptic characters, physico-chemical parameters. Results: This study clearly revealed bhasma prepared as per Sushruta and Rastangini are passed as per ayurvedic bhasma pariksha. Conclusion: The study of XRF of lauha Ayaskriti and lauha bhasma value of fe is persent in the elemental form along with other form of oxide. Further studies are required to prove the medicinal efficacy of this medicine.
Surgical management
of pancreatoduodenal tumors:
the experience of using
the developed operation technique
Authors: Zhumakaev M. D. , Shakeyev K. Т. , Kabildina N. А. , Zhumakaev A. M. , Usembekov B. U. , Nuraly Sh. S. , Kokimov A. A.
Published: October 2021

Relevance: The results of surgery in patients with pancreaticoduodenal cancer remain unsatisfactory. This complicates the choice of an optimal surgical technique in modern
oncology.
Surgery in the pancreaticoduodenal zone is associated with
complications due to anatomical and physiological features of
the pancreas and technical challenges of this surgical intervention. Despite preventive actions and innovative technologies,
such a traumatic operation as pancreatoduodenal resection
often produces complications, though recently fewer.
This article describes a pancreaticoduodenal resection
technique that reduces postoperative complication frequency
and lethality in operable pancreaticoduodenal cancer.
The purpose of the study was to assess the efficiency of
an authorial pancreaticoduodenal resection technique (pancreaticojejunal invagination anastomosis) in pancreaticoduodenal cancer.
Results: The proposed pancreaticojejunal anastomosis
forming technique allowed reducing the postoperative complication frequency from 54.2% to 38.0% and postoperative
lethality from 22.8% to 9.5%.
Conclusion: This highly traumatic surgery involves quite
severe and difficult to resolve postoperative complications
(up to 50-70% of cases) and the resulting high fatality. The
proposed pancreaticoduodenal anastomosis forming technique
has efficiently reduced postoperative complications and fatality to a significant extent
Updates in the management of non-Hodgkin’s lymphomas: epidemiological and socio-economical profile
Authors:   Nicolae Testemitanu State University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Republic of Moldova, Musteata Vasile
Published: October 2021

The increase of incidence in the working-age population, commonly late diagnosis and signifi cant levels of disability in non-Hodgkin’s lymphomas (NHL) may be considered as key topics of clinical hematooncology and public health management. An analytical study was performed – the narrative review of the literature under the form of a synthesis article. To achieve this goal, we searched by keywords for medical scientifi c publications in the database Google Search, PubMed, Z-library, NCIB, Medscape, Hinari. The incidence of NHL in Western countries is 14–19 new cases per 100000 of population (4% of all malignancies). In both sexes, the incidence of NHL corresponded to the country-related Human Development Index. The incidence rates at the beginning of the last decade varied signifi cantly by geographic region, being higher in males. In 2016, 2017, 2018, 2019 and 2020 the incidence of NHL (C82 - C85; C88, С96) in Moldova was 5.9, 6.7, 5.1, 6.8 and 5.1, exceeded the respective index in other hematological malignancies, but manifested the decreasing tendency. NHL caused 6.8 million DALYs (disability-adjusted life-years) in 2016, with 98% coming from lost-life years and 2% from years lived with disabilities. Th e primary determinants of costs were hospitalizations (aggressive NHL – 44%, indolent NHL – 50% of total costs) and outpatient visits.
PENGARUH MODEL PEMBELAJARAN INQUIRI TERBIMBING TERHADAP HASIL BELAJAR MAHASISWA
Authors: Budiarti Yesi , Mutiah Hera
Published: October 2021

Lecturers have a role to determine effective learning methods to support students in gaining valuable experiences. The research aim is to find out the effect of using guided inquiry learning methods on student learning outcomes. This research is an ex post facto experiment. The samples were 91 students of PGSD. The result is t observed is 1.67 at the 5% level of significant indicating that tob ttab, which means that the use of guided inquiry learning methods has a significant influence on student learning outcomes in the PGSD study program of Muhammadiyah University Pringsewu 2019/2020.
PENGGUNAAN MEDIA VIDEO DALAM PEMBELAJARAN DARING OLEH GURU SD DI KECAMATAN PAGELARAN UTARA
Authors: Setyaningrum Aniar , Fatahillah Fatahillah , Mardicko Afri
Published: October 2021

This research was conducted to determine the use of instructional video media in the online learning  process by elementary  school teachers in  Pagelaran  Utara  sub - district. The use of video media is the theme in this study because it has an important meaning in online learning. The covid-19 virus has an impact on teaching and learningactivities. Learning that should be done directly now can only be done indirectly or what is commonly called online learning. Then an educator is required to try to use video media as a solution in online learning. In this study, there were 58 respondents from 10 elementary schools in the North Pagelaran sub-district. The research results obtained show that 96.6% of teachers who teach in primary schools in the utata performance sub - district or around 55 teachers out of 58 have used instructional video media in the online learning process during the pandemic. It can be concluded that the video media has been used optimally.
A Study on Antibacterial sensitivity character to Piper betle:
A Potential for alternative medicine
Authors: F J Shalsh , K I Altaif , DM Zharif , IA Hailat , KM Alqaisi , I I Al-Sultan
Published: October 2021

In this study we examined P. betle antibacterial property on two bacterial species namely: Streptococcus agalactiae and Escherichia coli. The extract of P. betle was prepared by mixing 2 gm of P. betle powder with 20 ml of 70% ethanol. Then, the solvent was evaporated by using vacuum evaporator and the residue was freeze dried and stored at -20 ºC. The P. betle extract divided into three different concentrations that are 50 mg/ml, 75 mg/ml and 100 mg/ml. The results revealed that the leaves of Piper betle have many benefits including antibacterial activity. The three concentrations showed an effective zone of inhibition against S. agalactiae and E. coli using Kirby-Baeur method. In addition, the minimal inhibitory concentration (MIC) confirms the effectiveness of P. betle. This study findings indicated that P. betle extract can be a new source of antibacterial agent and an alternative antibacterial for control of S. agalactiae and to certain extant against E. coli infections.