bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Bivalent mRNA vaccine effectiveness against COVID-19 infections, hospitalisations and deaths in Portugal: a cohort study based on electronic health records, September 2022 to May 2023
Authors: Machado Ausenda , Kislaya Irina , Soares Patricia , Magalhães Sarah , Rodrigues Ana Paula , Franco Rafael , Leite Pedro Pinto , Dias Carlos Matias , Nunes Baltazar
Published: September 2023

In Portugal, a bivalent COVID-19 vaccine booster was recommended for those with complete primary COVID-19 vaccination, starting on September 6 2022. This study aims to estimate the mRNA bivalent vaccine effectiveness (VE) against COVID-19 infection, hospitalisation and death in the Portuguese population aged 65 and more years with a follow-up of more than six months.

Methods

We used a cohort approach to analyse six electronic health registries using deterministic linkage. The follow-up period comprehend September 2022 to May 2023. The outcomes included SARS-CoV-2 infection, COVID-19-related hospitalisation and death. Individuals were considered vaccinated 14 days following a bivalent mRNA COVID-19 vaccine uptake. For each outcome, COVID-19 bivalent VE was estimated as one minus the confounder adjusted hazard ratio of bivalent vaccine vs no bivalent vaccine, estimated by Cox regression with time-dependent vaccine exposure.

Results

In the ≥ 80 year-olds, bivalent VE was 23.2 (95%CI: 20.1 to 26.2), 41.3 (95%CI: 34.5 to 47.5) and 50.3 (44.6 to 55.3), against infection, COVID-19-related hospitalisation and death, respectively. In the 65-79 year-old, bivalent VE against infection was 37.7 (35.5 to 39.8), 58.5 (95%CI: 51.9 to 64.2) against hospitalisation and 65.1 (95%CI: 59 to 70.4) against death. Vaccine effectiveness decay was observed for both age groups and in all outcomes, up to 6 months of vaccine uptake.

Conclusions

In a population with a high risk of SARS-CoV-2 complications, we observed moderate bivalent VE estimates against severe COVID-19 and low protection against infection. The lower VE estimates observed in the ≥ 80 year-olds should be interpreted in light of the reference group used for the estimation, i.e., individuals with high vaccine coverage (both primary series and multiple boosters). Significant VE decay was observed up to six months of vaccine uptake, which should be considered when preparing future vaccination campaigns.
Applications of Data Characteristic AI-assisted Raman Spectroscopy in Pathological Classification
Authors: Chen Xun , Shen Jianghao , Liu Chang , Shi Xiaoyu , Feng Weichen , Sun Hongyi , Zhang Weifeng , Zhang Shengpai , Jiao Yuqing , Chen Jing , Hao Kun , Gao Qi , Li Yitong , Hong Weili , Wang Pu , Feng Limin , Yue Shuhua
Published: September 2023

Raman spectroscopy has been widely used for label-free biomolecular analysis of cell and tissue for pathological diagnosisin vitroandin vivo. AI technology facilitates disease diagnosis based on Raman spectroscopy including machine learning (PCA and SVM), manifold learning (UMAP) and deep learning (ResNet and AlexNet). However, it is not clear how to optimize the appropriate AI classification model for different types of Raman spectral data. Here, We selected five representative Raman spectral datasets, including endometrial carcinoma, hepatoma extracellular vesicles, bacteria, melanoma cell, diabetic skin, with different characteristics regarding sample size, spectral data size, Raman shift range, tissue sites, Kullback-Leibler (KL) divergence, and key Raman shifts, explore the performance of different AI models (e.g. PCA-SVM, SVM, UMAP-SVM, ResNet or AlexNet). Tissue sites mean that spectral collection sites from sample, KL divergence means the divergence between spectra of different types. We found that for dataset of large spectral data size, Resnet performed better than PCA-SVM and UMAP, for dataset of small spectral data size, PCA-SVM or UMAP performed better. We also optimized the network parameters (e.g. principal components, activation function, and loss function) of AI model based on data characteristics. Using AI classification models, the mean area under receiver operating characteristic curves (AUC) for representative datasets reached 0.966, with mean sensitivity of 89.6%, mean specificity of 95.4%, mean accuracy of 93.4%, and mean time expense of 5 seconds. By using data characteristic assisted AI classification model, the accuracy improve from 85.1% to 94.6% for endometrial carcinoma grading, from 77.l% to 90.7% for hepatoma extracellular vesicles detection, from 89.3% to 99.7% for melanoma cell detection, from 88.1% to 97.9% for bacterial identification, from 53.7% to 85.5% for diabetic skin screening. Furthermore, according to the saliency maps, we found classification-associated biomolecules (e.g. nucleic acid, tyrosine, tryptophan, cholesteryl ester, fatty acid, and collagen), which contribute to the pathological diagnosis classification. Data characteristic assisted AI classification model was demonstrated to improve the robustness and accuracy of Raman spectroscopy in pathological classification. Collectively, this study opens up new opportunities for accurate and rapid Raman optical biopsy.
The impact of urban graffiti with facial expressions on human behavioral and emotional experiences in a VR environment
Authors: Karakas Tülay , Dumlu Burcu Nimet , Sarıkaya Mehmet Ali , Yildiz Ozkan Dilek , Demir Yüksel , İnce Gökhan
Published: September 2023

Purpose

The present study investigates human behavioral and emotional experiences based on human-built environment interaction with a specific interest in urban graffiti displaying fear and pleasure-inducing facial expressions. Regarding human behavioral and emotional experience, two questions are asked for the outcome of human responses and two hypotheses are formulated. H1 is based on the behavioral experience and posits that the urban graffiti displaying fear and pleasure-inducing facial expressions elicit specified behavioral fear and pleasure responses. H2 is based on emotional experience and states that the urban graffiti displaying fear and pleasure-inducing facial expressions elicit specified emotional fear and pleasure responses.

Design/methodology/approach

The research design is developed as a multi-method approach, applying a lab-based experimental strategy (N:39). The research equipment includes a mobile electroencephalogram (EEG) and a Virtual Reality (VR) headset. The behavioral and emotional human responses concerning the representational features of urban graffiti are assessed objectively by measuring physiological variables, EEG signals and subjectively by behavioral variables, systematic behavioral observation and self-report variables, Self-assessment Manikin (SAM) questionnaire. Additionally, correlational analyses between behavioral and emotional results are performed.

Findings

The findings of behavioral and emotional evaluations and correlational results show that specialized fear and pleasure response patterns occur due to the affective characteristics of the urban graffiti's representational features, supporting our hypotheses. As a result, the characteristics of behavioral fear and pleasure response and emotional fear and pleasure response are identified.

Originality/value

The present paper contributes to the literature on human-built environment interactions by using physiological, behavioral and self-report measurements as indicators of human behavioral and emotional experiences. Additionally, the literature on urban graffiti is expanded by studying the representational features of urban graffiti as a parameter of investigating human experience in the built environment.
Leveraging genetic data for predicting consumer choices of alcoholic products
Authors: Zhu Chen , Beatty Timothy , Zhao Qiran , Si Wei , Chen Qihui
Published: September 2023

Purpose

Food choices profoundly affect one's dietary, nutritional and health outcomes. Using alcoholic beverages as a case study, the authors assess the potential of genetic data in predicting consumers' food choices combined with conventional socio-demographic data.

Design/methodology/approach

A discrete choice experiment was conducted to elicit the underlying preferences of 484 participants from seven provinces in China. By linking three types of data (—data from the choice experiment, socio-demographic information and individual genotyping data) of the participants, the authors employed four machine learning-based classification (MLC) models to assess the performance of genetic information in predicting individuals' food choices.

Findings

The authors found that the XGBoost algorithm incorporating both genetic and socio-demographic data achieves the highest prediction accuracy (77.36%), significantly outperforming those using only socio-demographic data (permutation test p-value = 0.033). Polygenic scores of several behavioral traits (e.g. depression and height) and genetic variants associated with bitter taste perceptions (e.g. TAS2R5 rs2227264 and TAS2R38 rs713598) offer contributions comparable to that of standard socio-demographic factors (e.g. gender, age and income).

Originality/value

This study is among the first in the economic literature to empirically demonstrate genetic factors' important role in predicting consumer behavior. The findings contribute fresh insights to the realm of random utility theory and warrant further consumer behavior studies integrating genetic data to facilitate developments in precision nutrition and precision marketing.
Analytical hierarchy process model for managing cloud security
Authors: Rizvi Zainab Batool , Ahmad Khan Chaudry Bilal , O’Sullivan Michael
Published: September 2023

Purpose

This paper aims to explore key management actions for implementing security on the cloud, which is a critical issue as many organizations are moving business processes and data on it. The cloud is a flexible, low cost and highly available technology, but it comes with increased complexity in maintaining the cloud consumer’s security. In this research, a model was built to assist strategic decision-makers in choosing from a diverse range of actions that can be taken to manage cloud security.

Design/methodology/approach

Published research from 2010 to 2022 was reviewed to identify alternatives to management actions pertaining to cloud security. Analytical hierarchical process (AHP) was applied to rate the most important action(s). For this, the alternatives, along with selection criteria, were summarized through thematic analysis. To gauge the relative importance of the alternatives, a questionnaire was distributed among cloud security practitioners to poll their opinion. AHP was then applied to the aggregated survey responses.

Findings

It was found that the respondents gave the highest importance to aligning information security with business needs. Building a cloud-specific risk management framework was rated second, while the actions: enforce and monitor contractual obligations, and update organizational structure, were rated third and fourth, respectively.

Research limitations/implications

The research takes a general view without catering to specialized industry-based scenarios.

Originality/value

This paper highlights the role of management actions when implementing cloud security. It presents an AHP-based multi-criteria decision-making model that can be used by strategic decision-makers in selecting the optimum mode of action. Finally, the criteria used in the AHP model highlight how each alternative contributes to cloud security.
Psychosocial influence of blended working: the reciprocity of blended working and organizational optimism
Authors: Thakur Kedarnath , Mishra Talina , Jena Lalatendu Kesari , Pal Suchitra
Published: September 2023

Purpose

The purpose of this paper is to investigate the impact of blended working (BW) on individual payoffs like psychological ownership (PO), affective organizational commitment (AOC) and digital stress (DS). Additionally, the study also examines the moderating role of organizational optimism (OO) on the relationships stated to determine the boundary condition of the relationship between BW and the individual payoffs.

Design/methodology/approach

A longitudinal field survey based on executives employed in the Indian service industries (comprised of state-owned banks, three healthcare and four MNCs) was conducted. Levels of BW, AOC, PO, DS and OO were measured through a validated scale, and the relationships' significance was explored.

Findings

The result indicated that BW positively influences AOC and DS, while OO influences PO positively and DS negatively. OO also moderates the influence of BW on PO and DS.

Originality/value

This research extends its contribution to the extant literature by (1) exploring the unique context of research in work conditions (BW) across India, (2) examining macro level factor (OO) in the linkage between BW and psychosocial factors, (3) investigating the moderating effect of OO and (4) considering a relatively large sample for empirical analysis in several waves to study BW and its individual pay-offs.
The power of social media fitness influencers on supplements: how they affect buyer’s purchase decision?
Authors: Kumar Nilesh , Nawaz Zubair , Samerguy Pavitra
Published: September 2023

Purpose

This study aims to investigate the impact of social media fitness influencers (SMFIs) on buyers’ purchase decisions by analyzing the factors that determine their influence. Furthermore, it aims to determine the relative influence of different genders of SMFIs on buyers’ decisions regarding supplement purchases.

Design/methodology/approach

The research consisted of two phases: a contextual study examining the characteristics of social media influencers and their impact on supplement purchase decisions and a comparative study comparing the influence of different genders of social media influencers. A survey was conducted online involving 426 Thai social media users who follow influencers to obtain the results for both phases.

Findings

The results revealed that information credibility and expertise were significant characteristics of SMFIs that had a significant impact on buyers’ purchase decisions. However, other characteristics such as the number of followers, content and attractiveness of SMFIs did not show any correlation with the buyers’ purchase decisions. Additionally, the study identified a positive influence of gender matching between SMFIs and respondents on purchase decisions.

Originality/value

This study emphasizes how the characteristics of social media influencers in Thailand influence buyers’ decisions to purchase dietary supplements.
Capability of welfare states to foster inclusion through employment-related measures
Authors: Mäntyneva Päivi , Hiilamo Heikki
Published: September 2023

Purpose

Employment-related measures play a significant part in preventive and mitigative social policies. The importance of these actions is especially emphasised in times of crisis. This paper provides empirical insights into employment-related measures implemented in a sample of OECD countries as a response to the COVID-19 crisis in 2020. Furthermore, it addresses the continuity of the measures by July 2022.

Design/methodology/approach

The research applies and further develops a capability approach in the COVID-19 context to provide a theoretically informed empirical understanding of the implemented employment related measures.

Findings

The results indicate that countries expanded the coverage of previous preventive and mitigative employment measures horizontally and vertically while also introducing new schemes to protect workers. The main conclusions suggest that most employment-related measures (65.5%) were preventive aiming at saving jobs and broadening peoples capabilities with bridging measures during the crisis. The employment measures served first as an emergency aid. However, most measures were recalibrated and changed incrementally toward 2022.

Research limitations/implications

The data consisted major employment-related measures and changes in social policies the studied countries. The authors focussed the examination on governmental-level measures. Thus, sub-national or sector-specific responses, for example tripartite agreements in certain employment sectors or social transfers in certain areas, were excluded.

Social implications

The way in which welfare states reacted to employment problems during the COVID-19 pandemic may have an impact on how governments approach social policies in the future. The capability approach exhibits a pronounced strength by facilitating the establishment of sustainable trajectories for social policy and welfare services.

Originality/value

The capability approach embracing the preactive and proactive role of social policies lends a unique perspective on public policies.
Sustainability orientation and sustainability performance in response to hostile environments in cultural tourism destinations
Authors: Ruiz-Ortega María José , Córcoles-Muñoz Mateo Manuel , Parra-Requena Gloria , García-Villaverde Pedro Manuel
Published: September 2023

Purpose

The purpose of this study is to understand how sustainability orientation influences economic, environmental and social sustainability performance and the moderating role of environmental hostility on these relationships. This study aims to deepen the consequences of the strategic commitment to sustainability of tourism firms located in the World Heritage Cities of Cusco, Lima and Arequipa in Peru.

Design/methodology/approach

The empirical analysis was conducted on a sample of 238 tourism firms. The authors implemented structural equation modelling technique to contrast the hypothesis.

Findings

The results shows that sustainability orientation has a positive effect on social and environmental performance mainly, but also on both financial and non-financial economic performance. The authors also detect a significant negative moderating effect of environmental hostility, which is accentuated in the case of social and economic-financial performance.

Practical implications

This study provides interesting practical implications in the tourism sector. Firms should develop a strategic commitment to sustainability, even in hostile environments, to improve their competitive position while reducing the negative impact of their activity on the natural and social environment. Institutions should encourage firms to commit to sustainability to achieve more sustainable and competitive urban tourism destinations.

Originality/value

This study advances the controversial debate on whether sustainability orientation of tourism firms leads to better economic performance. Moreover, from triple bottom line approach, it provides a holistic view of how sustainability orientation affects sustainability performance in all its dimensions. Finally, this paper delves into the complexities and challenges of sustainable urban tourism.
Surface modification effect of aluminium block on the tribological performance for super olein
Authors: Yahaya Aiman , Samion Syahrullail , Abdul Hamid Mohd Kameil
Published: September 2023

Purpose

The purpose of this study is to investigate the use of micro-pits technology to the problem of tribological performance in a sliding motion.

Design/methodology/approach

Vegetable oil is a sustainable and economically viable alternative to both mineral and synthetic oils, offering significant savings in both the cost of research and manufacturing. To solve the depriving issue and boost lubrication film thickness, the micro-pits on the surface may function as reservoirs that provide the oil to the contact inlet area. In this research, an aluminium block is used as the workpiece material in an evaluation of a through pin-on-disc tribotester. Lubricating oil in the form of super olein (SO) was used in the experiment.

Findings

The results show that the friction performance during a rubbing process between a hemispherical pin and an aluminium block lubricated with SO using aluminium alloy materials, AA5083, was significantly improved.

Originality/value

In this study, a material that breaks down called SO, which is derived from the fractionation of palm olein, was used to use a modified aluminium micro-pit sample that will serve as a lubricant reservoir in pin-on-disc tribotester.

Peer review

The peer review history for this article is available at: https://publons.com/publon/10.1108/ILT-07-2023-0200/
Adoption of ambient-assisted living: the relevance of practices, ecosystems and temporality
Authors: Skard Siv Elisabeth Rosendahl , Nysveen Herbjørn , Pedersen Per Egil
Published: September 2023

Purpose

Ambient-assisted living (AAL) is one solution to the challenges of healthcare systems in an aging population. Using the “ecosystem adoption of practices over time” (EAPT) as a theoretical lens, this study explores and describes three elements of AAL adoption: (1) the AAL practices in which the technology is embedded (i.e. object of adoption), (2) the older adult's adoption ecosystem (i.e. subject of adoption) and (3) the change of adoption practices over time (i.e. temporality of adoption).

Design/methodology/approach

Qualitative interviews with three actor groups in the ecosystem: clients, relatives and home nurses.

Findings

The study identifies six categories of AAL practices. Clients, relatives and nurses interact and integrate their resources in carrying out these practices. Some of the practices have developed, or are expected to develop, over time.

Originality/value

The study applies a novel theoretical perspective on how AAL technology is embedded in practices performed by different actors in the adoption ecosystem. This broadens the conceptualization of what is being adopted compared to traditional adoption research.
The relationship between corporate governance and financial performance in the Islamic and conventional banking industries: a Malaysian evidence
Authors: Farooq Muhammad , Al-Jabri Qadri , Khan Muhammad Tahir , Humayon Asad Afzal , Ullah Saif
Published: September 2023

Purpose

This study aims to investigate the relationship between corporate governance characteristics and the financial performance of both Islamic and conventional banks in the context of an emerging market, i.e. Malaysia.

Design/methodology/approach

This study includes 300 bank-year observations from Islamic and conventional banks over the period 2010–2021. The dynamic panel model (generalized method of moments [GMM]) was considered the primary estimation model that solves simultaneity, endogeneity and omitted variable problems as most governance variables are endogenous by nature. Hence, static models are considered biased after conducting the DWH test of endogeneity, and considering dynamic panel GMM is valid proven by Sargan and Hensen and first-order (ARI) and second-order (ARII) tests.

Findings

Based on the regression results, the authors discovered that board size, female participation in the board and director remuneration have a significant positive impact on bank performance, whereas board meetings have a significant negative impact. Furthermore, the board governance structure of commercial banks is found to be more passive than that of Islamic banks.

Practical implications

The study’s findings added a new dimension to governance research, which could be a valuable source of knowledge for policymakers, investors and regulators looking to improve existing governance mechanisms for better performance of conventional and Islamic banks.

Originality/value

The goal of this study is to add to the existing literature by focusing on the impact of female board participation and other board governance mechanisms in both conventional and Islamic banks on bank performance.
Connecting the dots: a serial mediation of intellectual capital and organizational ambidexterity between high-performance work system and innovation performance
Authors: Hassan Saad , Raza Saqlain , Malik Muhammad Faisal , Ishaque Amir , Fiza Mahin
Published: September 2023

Purpose

Achieving innovation performance (IP) through high-performance work system (HPWS) remained relatively unexplored. Literature on the HPWS-IP linkage mechanism raises a question mark and highlights the existence of a black box. Therefore, the present study aimed to empirically fill the gap in the literature by developing a framework to theorize HPWS nexus with IP through serial mediation of intellectual capital (IC) and organizational ambidexterity (OA).

Design/methodology/approach

To answer the study questions survey-based, multi-source and time-lagged data were collected to examine the proposed model. SPSS 24 version was used to evaluate descriptive statistics and through Smart-PLS 3.32., partial least square structural equation modeling (PLS-SEM) was employed to test the study hypotheses.

Findings

Study findings indicate that HPWS not only has a significant direct impact on IP but also has a significant indirect relationship with IP through the mediation of IC and OA. Both IC and OA also mediated this relationship serially.

Originality/value

The originality of the study lies in the fact that it studied HPWS as an antecedent of IC and OA and IP as the consequence. Further, the study fills the knowledge gap in previous literature in which limited or no study has used the serial mediation model with two mediators particularly IC and OA to explore the relationship between HPWS and IP.
Transatlantic strategic convergence on China and the scramble for critical minerals
Authors: Calabrese John
Published: September 2023

Purpose

The purpose of this paper is to investigate the trend of transatlantic strategic convergence and policy coordination in response to Chinese trade practices and technological competition, specifically in the critical minerals sector.

Design/methodology/approach

The research draws on primary and secondary source material to identify evidence of and examine the drivers, manifestations and prospects for effective US-European efforts to advance the shared aim of reducing vulnerabilities in critical minerals supply chains.

Findings

The interests of the USA and Europe would be best served by prioritizing their own security, diversification and resilience strategies while seeking areas of common ground and constructive engagement with China.

Research limitations/implications

The research offers a fresh perspective on the growing alignment and persistent gaps in US and European perspectives on China’s rising influence and assertive behavior.

Originality/value

The research highlights the vital role of critical minerals in national security, economic competitiveness, technological advancement and sustainable resource management. It underscores the shared recognition on both sides of the Atlantic that securing a stable supply of critical minerals – essential for maintaining strategic capabilities, driving innovation and ensuring long-term economic prosperity – necessitates tighter transatlantic coordination as well as constructive engagement with China.
Microbial communities from weathered outcrops of a sulfide‐rich ultramafic intrusion, and implications for mine waste management
Authors: Hobart Kathryn K. , Greensky ZhaaZhaawaanong , Hernandez Kimberly , Feinberg Joshua M. , Bailey Jake V. , Jones Daniel S.
Published: September 2023

The Duluth Complex (DC) contains sulfide‐rich magmatic intrusions that represent one of the largest known economic deposits of copper, nickel, and platinum group elements. Previous work showed that microbial communities associated with experimentally‐weathered DC waste rock and tailings were dominated by uncultivated taxa and organisms not typically associated with mine waste. However, those experiments were designed for kinetic testing and do not necessarily represent the conditions expected for long‐term environmental weathering. We used 16S rRNA gene methods to characterize the microbial communities present on the surfaces of naturally‐weathered and historically disturbed outcrops of DC material. Rock surfaces were dominated by diverse uncultured Ktedonobacteria, Acetobacteria, and Actinobacteria, with abundant algae and other phototrophs. These communities were distinct from microbial assemblages from experimentally‐weathered DC rocks, suggesting different energy and nutrient resources in environmental samples. Sulfide mineral incubations performed with and without algae showed that photosynthetic microorganisms could have an inhibitory effect on autotrophic populations, resulting in slightly lower sulfate release and differences in dominant microorganisms. The microbial assemblages from these weathered outcrops show how communities develop during weathering of sulfide‐rich DC rocks and represent baseline data that could evaluate the effectiveness of future reclamation of waste produced by large‐scale mining operations.
A systematic review of the use of mobile alerting to inform the public about emergencies and the factors that influence the public response
Authors: Mowbray Fiona , Mills Freya , Symons Charles , Amlôt Richard , James Rubin G.
Published: September 2023

During an emergency, it is necessary to quickly disseminate messages to the public. These communications often provide information about the emergency as well as guidance or advice aimed at ensuring the safety of the population. Successful emergency communication depends upon how rapidly and reliably a message can be disseminated, but also on how people respond to the message that they receive. To assist emergency planners tasked with developing message sets for future incidents, in this paper we report a systematic review of all studies that assessed the impact of mobile telephone alerting systems on intended and actual behaviour, to identify factors that affect their likely impact. We searched multiple databases and conferred with topic experts, resulting in a total of 22 studies which met the inclusion criteria. Our results indicate that limited data exist on how people respond to text‐based warning messages and that much of the data is poor quality, indicating a need for more real‐world studies.
Business continuity and resilience management: A conceptual framework
Authors: Steen Riana , Haug Ole Jacob , Patriarca Riccardo
Published: September 2023

The overall objective of business continuity management (BCM) systems is to provide guidance and analytical subcomponents on how to assess and manage risk and sustain operations when facing a disruptive event. Current BCM practices largely follow a standard structure for formal planning processes and risk‐assessment activities. An underlying assumption in standard practices is that systems can be decomposed in subsystems in a meaningful way, as they are tractable and data are available to predict the system's future functionality. However, the reality is much more complex in our volatile world. Standard BCM approaches do not pay adequate attention to the treatment of uncertainties. Thus, they fall short of addressing the complexity of operations involved with emergencies and crisis. Lack of focus on uncertainty hampers the ability of BCM systems to provide sufficient support for decision making in highly uncertain situations. Dealing with such situations necessitates a shift from a defensive risk‐management approach, grounded on an illusion of control and accountability, to a proactive stance based on resilience thinking. Responding to this call, we use concepts from the resilience engineering (RE) field and link them to different components of a BCM system. We develop a novel BCM framework and identify a set of resilience influence factors to enhance resilience in BCM systems. We use a case‐example, hosted by a leading organization in a second‐line emergency response operation in Norway to reflect on the application of a suggested BCM framework.
Barriers to accessing pain management services among veterans with bipolar disorder
Authors: Travaglini Letitia E. , Bennett Melanie , Kacmarek Corinne N. , Kuykendall Lorrianne , Coakley Gabriella , Lucksted Alicia
Published: September 2023

Objective

To identify barriers veterans with bipolar disorder face to accessing chronic pain management services within a Veterans Affairs (VA) health care system.

Data Sources and Study Setting

Veterans (n = 15) with chronic pain and bipolar disorder and providers (n = 15) working within a mid‐Atlantic VA health care system. Data were collected from August 2017–June 2018.

Study Design

Veteran interviews focused on their chronic pain experiences and treatment, including barriers that arose when trying to access pain management services. Provider interviews focused on whether they address chronic pain with veteran patients and, if so, what considerations arise when addressing pain in veterans with bipolar disorder and other serious mental illnesses.

Data Collection

Veterans were at least 18 years old, had a confirmed bipolar disorder and chronic pain diagnosis, and engaged in outpatient care within the VA health care system. Clinicians provided direct care services to veterans within the same VA. Interviews lasted approximately 60 min and were transcribed and analyzed using a rapid analysis protocol.

Principal Findings

Four major themes emerged from veteran and provider interviews: siloed care (unintegrated and uncoordinated mental and physical health care), mental health primacy (prioritization of mental health symptoms at expense of physical health symptoms), lagging expectations (unfamiliarity with comprehensive evidence‐based pain management options), and provider–patient communication concerns (inefficient communication about pain concerns and treatment options).

Conclusions

Veterans with co‐occurring pain and bipolar disorder face unique barriers that compromise equitable access to evidence‐based pain treatment. Our findings suggest that educating providers about bipolar disorder and other serious mental illnesses and the benefit of effective non‐pharmacological pain interventions for this group may improve care coordination and care quality and reduce access disparities.
Pro‐environmental intention toward sustainable rangeland's management; application of protection motivation and cultural theories
Authors: Madadizadeh Neamat Allah , Arzani Hossein , Javadi Seyed Akbar , Mohammadi Seyed Hamid Movahed , Razzaghi Mohammad Hossein
Published: September 2023

This empirical study attempts to deal with an exploration gap surrounding Iranian pastoralists' pro‐environmental intention regarding sustainable rangeland management. This study tested a combination of protection motivation and cultural values theories using structural equation modeling. A sample among rangeland's users was selected and the sample size was determined using Cochrane's (1963) formula to be 289. Data for this study were collected using a researcher‐made questionnaire. Data were analyzed using SPSS (version 20) and AMOS (version 20). The results showed that the conceptual model of this study had a good fit with the data. The combination of the two theories showed good potential in predicting the pro‐environmental intention of rangeland users (51%) compared with previous researches. The results revealed that risk perception, maladaptation, and belief in land degradation directly influence rangeland's pro‐environmental intention.
Assessing the impact of obturation techniques, kinematics and irrigation protocols on apical debris extrusion and time required in endodontic retreatment
Authors: Pedullà Eugenio , Iacono Francesco , Pitrolo Martina , Barbagallo Giovanni , La Rosa Giusy Rita Maria , Pirani Chiara
Published: September 2023

The aim of the study was to evaluate the impact of kinematics and irrigation protocols on the extrusion of apical debris during removal of different obturation techniques. A total of 144 single‐rooted teeth were instrumented and obturated with Thermafil+AH Plus, Thermafil+AH Plus Bioceramic and single gutta‐percha cone+AH Plus Bioceramic. Samples were divided according to the retreatment kinematics: continuous rotation or Jeni motion. Each sub‐group was subjected to conventional irrigation or irrigation activated by EDDY. Extruded debris was collected in Eppendorf tubes, weighted and retreatment time was digitally recorded. Data were analysed with two‐way ANOVA (p < 0.05). Debris extrusion was not significantly different between all groups. EDDY activation system and CanalPro Jeni required significantly longer time compared with other groups to remove Thermafil+AH Plus and single cone+AH Plus Bioceramic. Within current limitations, obturation technique, irrigation protocol and kinematics tested had no influence on apical extrusion debris, while they significantly impacted the retreatment time.
Settler Colonial Strategic Culture: Australia, AUKUS, and the Anglosphere
Authors: Clayton Kate , Newman Katherine
Published: September 2023

Australia's history as a settler colony within the British Empire fundamentally shapes its sense of security within the Indo‐Pacific region. Australia has consistently looked outside of its region for security and sought partners on the explicit basis of political, cultural, and ethnic similarity. What role does Australia's history play in shaping its foreign policy? We argue that these choices in foreign policy are inextricable from Australia's history as a settler colony on the farthest reaches of the British Empire. The AUKUS Agreement (AUKUS) is an example of how Australia operates to preserve racial hegemony in the face of non‐white threat — real or perceived. This research utilises critical discourse analysis to interrogate elite‐level discourse around AUKUS to ascertain the dominant narratives that inform its creation, the issues it seeks to address in Australian security policy, how it is structured by historical narratives of security, and how it functions to structure those narratives going forward. This article seeks to participate in the growing push to decolonise International Relations by illuminating the way Australia is ontologically and epistemologically invested in the preservation of racial hegemony.
“What's Wrong with the Elevators”: From Breakdown to Policing in Chicago Public Housing
Authors: Hamlin Madeleine
Published: September 2023

In this paper, I argue that the high‐rise elevator comprises a particularly important and yet heretofore undertheorised space for understanding narratives about failure and breakdown in public housing in the US and beyond. Using Chicago as a case study, I draw upon historical newspaper articles and interviews with former public housing tenants, as well as interviews with former police officers who worked in public housing developments, to show how broken and vandalised elevators became a metonym in public discourse for the widely perceived “brokenness” of high‐rise public housing writ large. Insofar as malfunctioning elevators symbolised social immobility, were seen as a locus of crime, and drained the housing authority's finances, they also became a site of intensive policing. When that intensive policing failed to solve structural problems in Chicago's public housing high rises, policymakers demolished them.
Why and when do emotionally intelligent employees perform safely? The roles of thriving at work and career adaptability
Authors: Wang Zhongmin , Jiang Zhou , Blackman Anna
Published: September 2023

Based on the socially embedded model of thriving, the present study examined a moderated mediation framework, which involves the mediating role of employee thriving and the moderating role of career adaptability in the relationship between emotional intelligence (EI) and safety performance. A two‐wave survey was administered among full‐time commercial pilots working for airlines (N = 131). Our results showed that EI had a positive influence on employee thriving, which in turn positively affected safety performance. In addition, the results further revealed that the positive effect of EI on safety performance was stronger among pilots with a higher level of career adaptability. These findings have important implications for theoretical developments on EI, thriving, and performance in a safety context, and they also provide practical insights on how to enhance workplace safety.
Editorial: therapeutic drug monitoring for golimumab – ready for prime time?
Authors: Roblin Xavier , Le Roy Bertrand , Paul Stéphane
Published: September 2023

LINKED CONTENT

This article is linked to Samaan et al paper. To view this article, visit https://doi.org/10.1111/apt.15808
Letter: HRS‐AKI – a frequent misdiagnosis in the real‐world setting?
Authors: Mehtani Rohit , De Arka , Singh Virendra
Published: September 2023

LINKED CONTENT

This article is linked to Moore et al papers. To view these articles, visit https://doi.org/10.1111/apt.15836 and https://doi.org/10.1111/apt.16001
Letter: now is the time to remove complexity from HCV guidelines to ensure that elimination remains a priority
Authors: Turnes Juan , Hezode Christophe , Hernandez Candido , Mangia Alessandra
Published: September 2023

LINKED CONTENT

This article is linked to Singh et al and Singh and Shalimar papers. To view these articles, visit https://doi.org/10.1111/apt.15633 and https://doi.org/10.1111/apt.16011
Letter: does tranexamic acid reduce the need for surgery in patients with upper gastrointestinal bleeding?
Authors: Lee Po‐Lin , Suk Fat‐Moon , Kang Yi‐No
Published: September 2023

LINKED CONTENT

This article is linked to Twum‐Barimah et al paper. To view this article, visit https://doi.org/10.1111/apt.15761
Editorial: genome‐wide association for developing chronic hepatitis B—authors’ reply
Authors: Lee Mei‐Hsuan , Huang Yu‐Han
Published: September 2023

LINKED CONTENT

This article is linked to Huang et al and Hoek papers. To view these articles, visit https://doi.org/10.1111/apt.15887 and https://doi.org/10.1111/apt.15960
Letter: now is the time to remove complexity from HCV guidelines to ensure that elimination remains a priority—authors' reply
Authors: Singh Achintya Dinesh , Shalimar
Published: September 2023

LINKED CONTENT

This article is linked to Singh et al and Turnes et al papers. To view these articles, visithttps://doi.org/10.1111/apt.15633andhttps://doi.org/10.1111/apt.15978
Editorial: thiopurine/anti‐TNF use during pregnancy—more encouraging safety data. Authors' reply
Authors: Mertz Nørgård Bente , Friedman Sonia
Published: September 2023

LINKED CONTENT

This article is linked to Nørgård et al and Chowdhury & Kane papers. To view these articles, visit https://doi.org/10.1111/apt.15956 and https://doi.org/10.1111/apt.16017
Editorial: serum oncostatin M at baseline predicts mucosal healing in Crohn's disease patients treated with infliximab—authors' reply
Authors: Bertani Lorenzo , Fornai Matteo , Antonioli Luca , Blandizzi Corrado
Published: September 2023

LINKED CONTENT

This article is linked to Bertani et al and Appleton and Day papers. To view these articles, visithttps://doi.org/10.1111/apt.15870andhttps://doi.org/10.1111/apt.15987
Letter: Covid‐19—re‐initiating clinical services for chronic gastrointestinal diseases. How and when?
Authors: Britton Edward , Richardson Paul , Mian Ibrahim , Conley Thomas , Byrne David , Boyd Holly , Doherty Connor , Gupta Sandipika , Butt Sundas , Subramanian Sreedhar
Published: September 2023

LINKED CONTENT

This article is linked to Al‐Ani et al and Prentice et al papers. To view these articles, visit https://doi.org/10.1111/apt.15779 and https://doi.org/10.1111/apt.16065
Pregnancy in women with inflammatory bowel disease: a French nationwide study 2010‐2018
Authors: Meyer Antoine , Drouin Jérôme , Weill Alain , Carbonnel Franck , Dray‐Spira Rosemary
Published: September 2023

Background

Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) most commonly occurs in young adults, including women of child‐bearing age.

Aim

To describe pregnancy in women with IBD in the age of widespread use of biologics

Methods

Using French national health data system (SNDS) data, we identified all pregnancies ending between 1 April 2010 and 31 December 2018 in patients with and without IBD in France. Pregnancy and IBD characteristics were described. Pregnancy outcomes were compared between IBD and non‐IBD pregnancies using multivariable logistic regression models.

Results

We included 36 654 IBD and 8 595 562 non‐IBD pregnancies. Among IBD pregnancies, 75.6% ended in live births and 0.4% in stillbirths. Pregnancies in women with IBD vs those without IBD more frequently resulted in preterm birth (8.0% vs 5.5%, aOR 1.51; 95% CI: 1.45‐1.58), small for gestational age birth (11.1% vs 9.8%, aOR 1.15; 95% CI: 1.10‐1.20) and caesarean section (26.1% vs 20.0%, aOR 1.39; 95% CI: 1.35‐1.42). Active IBD before and during pregnancy was associated with particularly marked increases in the rates of prematurity and small for gestational age as compared to non‐IBD pregnancies. Active IBD during pregnancy was associated with more stillbirths than non‐IBD pregnancies (aOR 1.43 95% CI: 1.09‐1.86). Crohn's disease activity decreased during pregnancy, while ulcerative colitis activity did not change.

Conclusions

Pregnancies in women with IBD are associated with increased risks of prematurity, small for gestational age and caesarean section, especially among women with active IBD. Disease activity decreased during pregnancy in women with Crohn's disease, but was unchanged in women with ulcerative colitis.
Paroxysmal nocturnal haemoglobinuria (PNH): novel therapies for an ancient disease
Authors: Luzzatto Lucio , Karadimitris Anastasios
Published: September 2023

In the UK, early work on paroxysmal nocturnal haemoglobinuria (PNH) was conducted by John Dacie who, at the Hammersmith Hospital, first hypothesised that the PNH abnormality might arise through a somatic mutation; and who outlined with S.M. Lewis the relationship between PNH and aplastic anaemia. When the phosphatidylinositol glycan anchor biosynthesis Class A (PIGA) gene was identified by Taroh Kinoshita’s group, jointly with him the Hammersmith group proved that PNH is caused in most patients by a single somatic mutation in the PIGA gene. At the same time, after Bruno Rotoli had spent a sabbatical at the Hammersmith, the ‘immune escape model’ for the pathogenesis of PNH was developed. Early this century, Peter Hillmen, formerly at the Hammersmith and now in Leeds, spearheaded the use of the complement‐blocking (anti‐C5) antibody eculizumab. This new medicine radically changed the management and the clinical course of patients with PNH. Recently a derivative of eculizumab with more favourable pharmacokinetics has been introduced. In view of the fact that these agents are associated with C3‐dependent extravascular haemolysis, it is important that a number of inhibitors of the proximal complement pathway are now in the offing and may further improve the life of patients with PNH.
Developments over the last 60 years in diffuse large B‐cell lymphomas
Authors: Linch David
Published: September 2023

At the time of the formation of the British Society of Haematology diffuse large B‐cell lymphoma was not recognised as a specific entity and was included in the category of ‘large cell’ or ‘aggressive’ lymphomas. These were fatal in 95% of cases. Today the cure rate in adults entered into clinical trials is ~70% and a large number of British physicians have contributed to this progress.