bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Biomarkers reflecting disturbed gut barrier under treatment with TNF inhibitors in radiographic axial spondyloarthritis
Authors: Rademacher Judith , Torgutalp Murat , Hempel Christine Maria , Proft Fabian , Haibel Hildrun , Protopopov Mikhail , Spiller Laura , Poddubnyy Denis , Rios Rodriguez Valeria
Published: December 2024

Objectives

The objective of this study is to investigate lipopolysaccharid-binding protein (LBP), zonulin and calprotectin as markers of bacterial translocation, disturbed gut barrier and intestinal inflammation in patients with radiographic axial spondyloarthritis (r-axSpA) during tumour necrosis factor inhibitor (TNFi) therapy and to analyze the association between disease activity, response to treatment and biomarker levels.

Methods

Patients with active r-axSpA of the German Spondyloarthritis Inception Cohort starting TNFi were compared with controls with chronic back pain. Serum levels of LBP, zonulin and calprotectin were measured at baseline and after 1 year of TNFi therapy. We analysed the longitudinal association between biomarkers and disease activity, and the relationship between biomarkers and treatment response with regression analysis.

Results

121 patients with r-axSpA were compared with 63 controls. At baseline, patients with r-axSpA had higher levels of LBP and calprotectin than controls, which decreased significantly during TNFi treatment. LBP showed a positive association in longitudinal analyses with Axial Spondyloarthritis Disease Activity Score (ASDAS) (ß=0.08, 95% CI 0.06 to 0.10), Bath Ankylosing Spondylitis Disease Activity Index (BASDAI) (ß=0.08, 95% CI 0.04 to 0.12) and C reactive protein (CRP) (ß=1.69, 95% CI 1.04 to 2.34). Calprotectin was associated with ASDAS (ß=0.04, 95% CI 0.01 to 0.07) and CRP (ß=0.82, 95% CI 0.27 to 1.37). Furthermore, LBP and calprotectin levels at baseline showed an association with a subsequent change in BASDAI. Baseline zonulin levels were not significantly associated with disease activity or treatment response.

Conclusion

Serum levels of LBP and calprotectin are associated with disease activity in patients with r-axSpA and decrease with TNFi response. In contrast, serum zonulin levels showed no association with disease activity or treatment response, arguing against a strict correlation between intestinal permeability and disease activity in axSpA.
Fine-tuning SLE treatment: the potential of selective TYK2 inhibition
Authors: Satoh-Kanda Yurie , Nakayamada Shingo , Tanaka Yoshiya
Published: December 2024

In systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE), adaptive immunity is activated by the stimulation of innate immunity, leading to the development of autoreactive T cells and activation and differentiation of B cells. Cytokine signalling plays an essential role in the pathogenesis and progression of this disease. In particular, the differentiation and function of CD4+ T cell subsets, which play a central role in SLE pathology, are significantly altered by cytokine stimulation. Many cytokines transmit signals via the Janus-activated kinase (JAK)-STAT pathway, but there is no one-to-one correspondence between cytokine receptors and JAK/TYK2. Multiple cytokines activate JAK/TYK2, and multiple JAK/TYK2 molecules are simultaneously activated by a single cytokine. Therefore, the modulation of the JAK-STAT pathway has the potential to control immune responses in SLE. Although several JAK/TYK2 inhibitors are currently undergoing clinical trials, more selective drugs that can target cytokine signals according to the specific pathology of the disease are required. TYK2 inhibitors, which are involved in the signal transduction of type I interferon and interleukin-12/23 pathways and are linked to disease susceptibility genes in SLE, may have the potential to fine-tune the differentiation and function of immune cells, particularly CD4+ T cells.
Postcancer rehabilitation: multidisciplinary exercise – programme organisation and feasibility
Authors: Drozd Chloé , Jacquinot Quentin , Paget-Bailly Sophie , Mansi Laura , Paillard Marie-Justine , Bazan Fernando , Chaigneau Loic , Dobi Erion , Viot Julien , Meynard Guillaume , Goujon Morgan , Dalens Lorraine , Pereira Victor , Robin Edgar , Farret Jean , Gagnepain Carole , Simon Ophélie , Fagnoni-Legat Christine , Mougin Fabienne , Meneveau Nathalie , Curtit Elsa
Published: December 2024

Background

Although the benefit of supportive care in the postcancer period is now well demonstrated, its implementation in the patient journey remains challenging. This article describes the development, since 2015 and in routine care, of supportive postcancer care comprising a multidisciplinary rehabilitation programme (MRP) based on exercise for patients with early breast cancer.

Methods

As part of quality control, we reviewed all patient files since the programme was implemented. Patient data regarding the type of cancer, clinical and pathological factors, and treatment were recorded in a computerised database.

Results

From April 2015 to January 2024, 655 patients participated in the MRP. The programme lasts for 14 weeks, totalling 126 hours of face-to-face programme, with a maximum of 8 patients per group, in 5 different centres. A multidisciplinary professional team provide supportive care. The MRP is mainly based on supervised physical exercise and patients also participate in social, psychological, dietary support and educational sessions. Supervised physical exercise includes cardiorespiratory endurance work through specific sessions on ergometers or outdoor walking and adapted physical activity sessions to improve muscular capacities (endurance, strength and flexibility).

Conclusion

We describe here the practical implementation of a routine multidisciplinary supportive care programme, based mainly on physical activity, for post-treatment breast cancer patients. We report almost 9 years of experience with the programme. We show that offering this programme in the postcancer setting and in clinical routine practice is feasible and can be maintained in the long term.
Palliative care needs in cystic fibrosis: hospital survey
Authors: Kurita Geana Paula , Eidemak Inge , Pressier Tacjana , Larsen Sille , Sjøgren Per , Lykke Camilla
Published: December 2024

Background

Cystic fibrosis (CF) is an incurable, progressive disease that affects multiple organs, causing burdensome symptoms. This study aimed to explore the palliative care needs in patients with CF, focusing on health-related quality of life (HRQOL), fatigue, anxiety and depression.

Methods

From October 2019 to March 2020, a cross-sectional questionnaire survey was conducted with outpatients with CF at the Infectious Medicine Clinic in a Danish University Hospital.

Results

130 patients completed at least one questionnaire. Mean age was 35.5 years (SD 11.5), with 51.7% males. Charlson’s comorbidity index mean score was 1.3 (SD 1.6). Patients with CF had significantly lower scores in general health, vitality, social functioning, role emotional and mental health compared with the Danish population. Mean fatigue score of patients was 50.9 (SD 16.2), with the highest scores in general fatigue, physical fatigue and reduced activity. Additionally, 33% indicated anxiety and 19.5% depression. 51.6% were treated with Tezacaftor/Ivacaftor or Lumacaftor/Ivacaftor.

Conclusion

This study found poor HRQOL and burdensome symptoms of fatigue, anxiety and depression in patients with CF compared with the general Danish population. The results suggest that systematic assessments and palliative care interventions should be integrated into routine CF care.
Multicentre prospective, randomised open-label, endpoint-blinded study to evaluate the safety and efficacy of propranolol for the prevention of stroke-associated pneumonia in patients with intracerebral haemorrhage (PROCHASE): rationale and design
Authors: Gao Bin , Shi Kaibin , Pan Yuesong , Ge Shunnan , Liu Yanfang , Yan Jing , Liesz Arthur , Meisel Andreas , Qu Yan , Zhao Xingquan , Shi Fu-Dong
Published: December 2024

Background

Stroke-induced transient immune suppression is believed to contribute to post-stroke infections. The β-adrenergic receptor antagonist, propranolol, has been shown to prevent stroke-associated pneumonia (SAP) via reversing post-stroke immunosuppression in preclinical studies and in retrospective analysis in stroke patients. However, whether propranolol can reduce the risk of SAP has not been tested in prospective, randomised controlled trials.

Aim

To describe the rationale and design of a multicentre, prospective, open-label, endpoint-blinded, randomised controlled study to evaluate the safety and efficacy of propranolol hydrochloride injection for the prevention of SAP in patients with intracerebral haemorrhage (ICH) (PROCHASE).

Design

In this investigator-initiated trial, we compare the safety of the standard medical treatment to standard medical treatment plus intravenous propranolol hydrochloride administration (5 mg daily on days 1–7) in patients with ICH and the efficacy of this intervention to reduce the occurrence of SAP. All patients will be followed up for 90±7 days.

Study outcomes

The primary efficacy outcome is SAP within 7±1 days diagnosed by the defined algorithm based on a diagnosis of SAP recommendations from the pneumonia in stroke consensus group. The primary safety outcome is defined as severe or moderate bradycardia within 7±1 days. The secondary outcome is a modified Rankin score of 0–3 at 90±7 days after randomisation.

Discussion

The PROCHASE trial aims to generate clinical evidence regarding the safety and efficacy of propranolol in preventing SAP in patients with ICH.
Perceptions and intentions regarding IQOS among current US adults who use cigarettes and/or electronic nicotine delivery systems
Authors: Weaver Scott R , Spears Claire Adams , Henderson Katherine C , Ashley David L , Berg Carla J , Evans Abigail T , Geier Anna , Kute Nikita , Pechacek Terry F
Published: December 2024

Introduction

IQOS was sold in the US in 2019–2021 and will likely return in 2024. It is important to anticipate IQOS’ market penetration; thus, this study examined US adults’ prior awareness and perceptions, intentions to try and reactions to an IQOS reduced-risk exposure statement.

Methods

61 adults from three US cities were recruited to represent four tobacco use subgroups: current cigarette and never electronic nicotine delivery systems (ENDS) use; current cigarette and discontinued ENDS use; current cigarette and ENDS use; and former cigarette use and switched to ENDS. Participants were shown IQOS marketing material and probed about IQOS awareness, knowledge, perceptions, use intentions and reactions to a reduced exposure statement. Analysis used a hybrid inductive/deductive qualitative approach.

Results

Participants reported low awareness and knowledge of IQOS and uncertainty about its functionality and health effects. Other impressions varied by subgroup. People who currently smoked but never tried ENDS reacted mostly negatively to IQOS; people who had switched to ENDS were disinterested in returning to ‘real tobacco’ use; people who currently used cigarettes and ENDS were curious but had mixed feelings; and people who had rejected ENDS exhibited the greatest interest but were concerned about perceived cost. Reactions to the reduced exposure statement were mixed; some groups viewed it as a meaningful endorsement of harm reduction benefits while others were sceptical.

Conclusions

Across tobacco use groups, there was varied interest and inclination to try IQOS and thus varied potential use as a complete substitute for cigarettes.
Quality Evaluation Model of Innovation and Entrepreneurship Education Based on Fuzzy Clustering
Authors: Ren Lu , Liu Zhiyao
Published: December 2024

Traditional innovation and entrepreneurship education quality evaluation methods often use simple index weighting or cluster analysis, ignoring the correlation and fuzziness between the indicators, resulting in lower credibility of education quality evaluation results. Therefore, an innovation and entrepreneurship education quality evaluation model based on fuzzy clustering is proposed. After analyzing the basic characteristics and influencing factors of innovation and entrepreneurship education, the evaluation index system of innovation and entrepreneurship education is constructed from multiple perspectives according to the principles of scientificity, comprehensiveness, accuracy and operability. In order to improve the consistency of quality data of innovation and entrepreneurship education, it is normalized. The projection pursuit technique is used to reduce dimension and fuzzy classification of multi-dimensional time series education data set, and fuzzy rules are extracted according to classification results and optimal projection values. Three fuzzy membership functions are generated by the trapezoidal distribution method. Finally, the evaluation level of education quality sample data is determined according to the fuzzy approximation degree. The test results show that the construction time of the evaluation model is short, and the reliability of the quality evaluation of innovation and entrepreneurship education is improved.
Research Progress in Ulcerative Colitis: The Role of Traditional Chinese Medicine on Gut Microbiota and Signaling Pathways
Authors: Zhang Yuyi , Zhu Mingfang , Dai Yueying , Gao Longying , Cheng Limin
Published: December 2024

Ulcerative colitis (UC), one among other refractory diseases worldwide, has shown an increasing trend of progression to colorectal cancer in recent years. In the treatment of UC, traditional Chinese medicine has demonstrated good efficacy, with a high cure rate, fewer adverse effects, great improvement in the quality of patient survival, and reduction in the tendency of cancerous transformation. It shows promise as a complementary and alternative therapy. This review aims to evaluate and discuss the current research on UC, signaling pathways, and gut microbiota. We also summarized the mechanisms of action of various Chinese medicines (active ingredients or extracts) and herbal formulas, through signaling pathways and gut microbiota, with the expectation that they can provide references and evidence for treating UC and preventing inflammation-associated colorectal cancer by traditional Chinese medicine. We illustrate that multiple signaling pathways, such as TLR4, STAT3, PI3K/Akt, NF-[Formula: see text]B, and Keap1/Nrf2, can be inhibited by Chinese herbal treatments through the combined regulation of signaling pathways and gut microbiota, which can act individually or synergistically to inhibit intestinal inflammatory cell infiltration, attenuate gut oxidative responses, and repair the intestinal barrier.
The Traditional Applications, Phytochemistry, Pharmacology, Pharmacokinetics, Quality Control and Safety of Paeoniae Radix Alba: A Review
Authors: Mu Xiangyu , Luan Ruqiao , Gao Yan , Zhao Bonian , Wang Jieqiong , Ni Xinran , Gao Dongmei
Published: December 2024

Paeoniae Radix Alba (PRA, called Baishao in China) is the dried root of Paeonia lactiflora Pall. In clinical practice, PRA has been used to treat cardiovascular disease, menstrual disorders, abdominal pain, diarrhea, and liver disease, among other conditions. This review provides a systematic summary of its traditional uses, geographical distribution and current cultivation situation, phytochemistry, pharmacokinetics, pharmacology, quality control, and toxicology. Moreover, this review also serves as an in-depth discussion on the shortcomings of the current research on PRA, a subject not previously discussed in reviews regarding PRA, and puts forward its own views and solutions. So far, more needs to be done to understand the mechanism of action of PRA, as well as the relationships between its chemical components and their potential synergistic and antagonistic effects. Furthermore, a comprehensive evaluation of medicinal quality should be carried out to understand the long-term in vivo toxicity and clinical efficacy of PRA and to provide more information for the development of new drugs and treatment methods for various diseases using PRA and its chemical components.
The CAT and the mirror: Classical acceleration temperature and the Anti-de Sitter dynamical Casimir effect
Authors: Myrzakul Aizhan , Good Michael R. R.
Published: December 2024

The AdS moving mirror has a suite of interesting characteristics: (1) constant negative energy flux emission, (2) negative finite total energy emission, (3) Planck-distributed scalar particle production, and (4) asymptotic uniform acceleration. Here, we briefly explore the outstanding worldline, its connection to AdS space, the quantum radiation from the mirror, and the classical radiation from its moving point charge counterpart.
HOW TO MANAGE NEW PRODUCT DEVELOPMENT IN A BIG DATA ENVIRONMENT?
Authors: SONG XI , WANG YUYING , DONG CAITING , JIA QINING
Published: December 2024

Should the agile approach or the stage-gate approach be used to manage the new product development process in a big data environment? Although the stage-gate approach has been the dominant approach to managing new product development, the agile approach literature suggests that the stage-gate approach experiences difficulties when dealing with response uncertainty. The agile approach facilitates information processing for customer feedback by developing and deploying minimum viable products. Conflicting views on the effectiveness of these two approaches centre on their capabilities of dealing with uncertainty through information processing. The diffusion of digital technologies offers new ways to process information, but not many studies have investigated how the effectiveness of the agile and stage-gate approaches varies with different information-processing capabilities in a data-rich environment. This study categorises information-processing strategies into those that use internal or external big data and explores how these strategies interact with the stage-gate and agile approaches. To verify the research framework, we conducted an on-site survey to collect data. The sample covers 261 new product development projects. We adopted a multivariable linear regression model for the analysis. The regression results show that the agile approach should be integrated with internal rather than external big data utilisation and that the stage-gate approach should be integrated with external rather than internal big data utilisation. This finding deepens our understanding of innovation process management by exploring the integrating effects of the two approaches with the big data utilisation strategy.
Haskell Matrix Method for the Propagation of Love Waves in Multilayers of Magneto-Thermoelastic Materials
Authors: Singh S. S. , Oinam Zenith
Published: December 2024

The problem of the propagation of Love waves in multilayers of generalized magneto-thermoelastic materials has been investigated using Haskell matrix method. The dispersion relations for the Love waves are derived for the topmost layer with the help of appropriate conditions. We have observed that there are two wavefronts of Love-type surface waves: the first wavefront is due to the electro-magnetic parameters and the second wavefront appears due to the thermal parameters. The dispersion curves of both these fronts are computed for two and three layers and results are represented graphically. The phase velocity corresponding to first wavefront is non-attenuating, while that of second wavefront is attenuating. The 3D pictures of displacement, conductive temperature and heat flux have shown that transverse displacement, conductive temperature and heat flux are sinusoidal natures.
Tsunami Numerical Modeling and Static Stress Transfer of the 1960 Northern Peru Earthquake (Mw 7.6)
Authors: Moreno Nick , Jimenez Cesar , Villegas-Lanza J. C.
Published: December 2024

In this research, we conducted the numerical simulation of the tsunami, and the static stress transfer of Coulomb for the 1960 northern Peru earthquake (Mw 7.6). The Tsunami numerical model was used to simulate the propagation and inundation processes. In the inundation grid, we used a high resolution bathymetry (30[Formula: see text]m resolution) from marine sounding. For the inundation grid (grid D), the results of simulated model are parameters such as arrival times of the first wave of the tsunami, maximum wave heights and inundation areas for each zone to be modeled. These results have been validated with information provided by the population that endured the effects of the earthquake and subsequent tsunami. The simulated arrival times of the leading wave for the areas of San José, Pimentel, Santa Rosa and Puerto Eten were 69.5, 69, 66.5 and 68[Formula: see text]min, respectively. The maximum inundation in San José was 2.78[Formula: see text]km away and the height of the wave reached approximately 6.2[Formula: see text]m. The Coulomb stress transfer indicates an increase in stress in the northern zone of the seismic source close to Piura coast, as well as an increase in stress between the Peruvian trench and the seismic source near the meridians [Formula: see text] and [Formula: see text] which implies an activation of seismicity and a potential zone for a next seismic event of similar or greater magnitude.
Impact of Digital Inclusive Finance on Carbon Emissions under the Dual-Carbon Goal: Evidence from Nine Regions in the Yellow River basin of China
Authors: Kang Jie , Duan Shu-Yu , Yan Shu-Xi , Xue Shao-Ying , Li You-Hui , Li Nan , Wei Meng-Xi , Liu Guang-Hui
Published: December 2024

With the increasing global concern about climate change and environmental protection, reducing carbon emissions has become an important issue of sustainable development. Digital inclusive finance (DIF), as a powerful instrument to promote economic reform and carbon emission reduction, provides substantial support for achieving the goal of carbon neutrality. Against the backdrop of China’s goals of carbon peaking and carbon neutrality (referred to as “dual carbon”), the panel data of nine provinces and regions in the Yellow River basin (YRB) from 2011–2020 were analyzed in this paper to reveal the role of DIF in carbon emissions and the underlying reasons behind it. A Two-way Fixed Effect (TWFE) model was used, and relevant heterogeneity analysis and robustness tests were carried out. The results show that DIF significantly promotes carbon emission reduction. After several rounds of robustness tests, this conclusion is still valid, which fully proves the result’s reliability. The analysis of DIF sub-dimension indices shows that coverage breadth, usage depth, and digitization degree have different degrees of impact on curbing carbon emissions. In addition, the differences in geographical location and economic development level among different regions significantly affect the carbon reduction effects of DIF. In middle-lower reaches of YRB and regions with higher economic development level, the carbon reduction effects of DIF are particularly significant. Mechanism analysis revealed different pathways of DIF supporting carbon reduction. DIF significantly reduces carbon emissions by promoting technical innovation level and optimizing energy structure. The existence of Environmental Kuznets Curve was also confirmed. Furthermore, government intervention degree and environmental regulation intensity have varying degrees of inhibitory effects on carbon emissions, while industrial structure level has a promotional effect on carbon emissions. This study has important reference value for comprehensively assessing the environmental impact of DIF and formulating relevant policies. It also provides practical policy insights for designing and implementing strategies to promote DIF development and drive corporate carbon reduction.
A Survey of the Past, Present, and Future of Erasure Coding for Storage Systems
Authors: Shen Zhirong , Cai Yuhui , Cheng Keyun , Lee Patrick P. C. , Li Xiaolu , Hu Yuchong , Shu Jiwu
Published: December 2024

Erasure coding is a known redundancy technique that has been popularly deployed in modern storage systems to protect against failures. By introducing a small portion of coded redundancy into data storage, erasure coding is shown to provide higher reliability guarantees than replication under the same storage overhead. Despite its storage efficiency, erasure coding incurs high-performance overhead in repair and updates, and its reliability also depends on the amount of redundancy. How to resolve the tensions among storage efficiency, performance, and reliability has been the major research direction in the literature for decades.

In this article, we present an in-depth survey of the past, present, and future of erasure coding in storage systems. We conduct our survey from a systems perspective, with an emphasis on how erasure coding is deployed in practical storage systems. Specifically, we first review the use of erasure coding in storage systems from both academia and industry and state the challenges of deploying erasure coding in practice. We then review the topics of erasure coding in three aspects: (i) new erasure code constructions, (ii) algorithmic techniques for efficient erasure coding operations, and (iii) erasure coding for emerging architectures. Finally, we provide future research directions for erasure coding.
Bringing Real-World Scenarios to Life in the Online Classroom
Authors: Murphy Jackie , Farrell Kathryn , Myers Jennifer
Published: December 2024

In online programs, simulation is crucial for bringing complex scenarios to life, providing real-world application of knowledge, and bridging the theory-practice gap. At Drexel University, we use innovative virtual simulations in non-clinically focused online nursing programs. The examples presented illustrate the effectiveness of virtual simulations. The scenarios presented can be modified for use in online programs with students in a variety of disciplines to provide opportunities for real-world application and formative feedback.
Machine learning and confirmatory factor analysis show that buprenorphine alters motor and anxiety-like behaviors in male, female, and obese C57BL/6J mice
Authors: Sharma Ohm , Mykins Michael , Bergee Rebecca E. , Price Joshua M. , O'Neil Michael A. , Mickels Nicole , Von Hagen Megan , O’Connor James , Baghdoyan Helen A. , Lydic Ralph
Published: December 2024

Machine learning and pose estimation using a convolutional neural network accurately detected and objectively scored buprenorphine-induced changes in locomotor behaviors of mice on an elevated zero maze (EZM). Confirmatory factor analysis supports the interpretation that the anxiety-like construct accounted for the buprenorphine-induced changes in motor behavior. The results have noteworthy implications for the relationship between Darwin’s story model of mammalian emotions and computational models of anxiety-like behavior in mice.
Applications of transcranial direct current stimulation over vagus nerve on dysphagia after stroke
Authors: Yan Xinyue , Zhang Xiwei , Huang Chuan , Jiang Yujuan , Wan Chunxiao
Published: December 2024

The present study demonstrates that transcranial direct current stimulation on the vagus nerve (TDCSVN) treatment shows a significant inhibitory effect on the production of inflammatory factors, resulting in a more pronounced improvement in dysphagia among stroke patients.
Strength Prediction of Geopolymer Concrete With Wide‐Ranged Binders and Properties Using Artificial Neural Network
Authors: Islam Md Merajul , Provath Md Al-Mamun , Sadiqul Islam G. M. , Islam Md Tariqul
Published: December 2024

Geopolymer concrete (GPC) is an efficient alternative to traditional construction materials, utilizing amorphous or semicrystalline waste–based binders. It enhances durability than Portland cement, remaining environment friendly and cost‐effective, while promoting waste reuse. Despite extensive use and research, predicting concrete strength based on the mixed chemical composition of constituents remains challenging due to consideration of limited variables, small dataset sizes, and traditional models struggling with nonlinearity. The primary objective is to develop an artificial neural network (ANN) model to enhance the accuracy of compressive strength (C‐S) predictions of GPC, which is crucial for the sustainable use of waste‐based binders in construction. For this, the study incorporates a comprehensive dataset of 1018 experimental data points of binary and ternary GPC from 43 research sources addressing these issues. Thirteen input parameters, including three major geopolymer binder’s oxide compositions (viz, SiO2, CaO, and Al2O3), are considered to generalize the model across various binder types. With all these, an ANN model was developed to handle the inherent nonlinearity of input parameters, validated through fivefold cross‐validation. The relationship between individual parameters and C‐S is analyzed. Additionally, regression models (viz., linear regression (LR), Lasso regression, Ridge regression, and XGBoost regressor) were developed to thoroughly assess the performance of the ANN model in comparison to the conventional regression model. The ANN model, superior to other regression techniques, excels in recognizing nonlinear correlations between features and an objective variable, a challenge for traditional regression models. Various metrics assess model performance (e.g., mean absolute error (MAE), root mean square error (RMSE), mean square error (MSE), R‐squared (R2)), revealing the ANN model’s superiority over regression models. The ANN model’s proficiency in nonlinear correlations contributes to its effectiveness, yielding low MAE ( = 2.58), RMSE ( = 4.13), and MSE ( = 17.86) values, and high (R2 = 0.93) value, signifying minimal deviation between predicted and actual C‐S values. By focusing on the oxide composition of binders, the model is more generalized, making it applicable across different binder types and not limited to specific materials. Also, the parametric analysis confirmed the ANN’s ability to capture the effects of input parameters, offering a comprehensive prediction tool. This study highlights the potential of employing the ANN model for predicting material behavior, offering a resource‐efficient approach, and showcasing the viability of mixed GPC for sustainable industrial waste utilization. Future research directions include exploring the model’s application under varying environmental conditions and expanding the dataset to enhance its diversity and representativeness.
Empowering Agricultural Economic Resilience in China: Does Green Finance Matter?
Authors: Zhong Xin , Wang Jian
Published: December 2024

This study employs provincial panel data from China spanning 2012–2021, utilising the entropy weight method and spatial Durbin model to analyse agricultural economic resilience through the lens of green finance. Key findings reveal: (1) National resilience levels are rising steadily, with a shift from the Eastern Region to the Central Region. (2) Green finance (GF) development displays an initial decline followed by an upward trend, mirroring resilience trends. (3) GF positively impacts resilience, with a 0.0325% increase for every 1% GF rise. (4) GF exhibits a significant positive spatial spillover effect, enhancing surrounding regions’ resilience by 0.3098% per 1% GF increase. (5) GF’s influence on resilience differs regionally, stronger in the East than the Central and West. We propose strategies to enhance rural GF systems, energy‐efficient innovations and regulatory frameworks to foster regional cooperation and ultimately bolster resilience. This research offers valuable insights for developing nations.
Effectiveness of TachoSil as Sealant in Lymphatic Leakage of Breast Cancer With Axillary Dissection
Authors: Khan ArshadUllah , Albinsaad Loai , Alessa Mohammed , Aldoughan Alghaydaa Fouad , Alsalem Ammar Jaafar , Almukhaimar Noof Khalid , Alghamdi Abdulrahman Ahmed , Alsahlawi Watan Abdulla , Alahmary Batool Abdullah
Published: December 2024

Objectives: This study is aimed at evaluating the effectiveness of TachoSil in controlling lymphatic leakage in breast cancer patients undergoing axillary dissection. By examining its ability to reduce postsurgical lymphatic drainage, the study will assess its impact on complications like seroma formation, recovery time, and overall patient outcomes, including quality of life and reduced healthcare costs.

Methods: Breast cancer patients treated in the Department of Surgical Oncology at King Abdulaziz Medical City were enrolled to receive either TachoSil or undergo drain placement after axillary dissection. Repeated measures multivariate analysis of variance (MANOVA) was used to observe the difference in lymphatic drainage volume over time considering other covariates, such as age, sex, family history, neoadjuvant chemotherapy (NAC), and stage.

Results: The TachoSil group showed significantly lower lymphatic drainage volumes at 24 h (106.5 ± 11.3) than the control group (141.7 ± 13.0) (p < 0.001). There were no significant differences in lymphatic drainage volume at 3 days (p = 0.176) and 7 days (p = 0.091). However, at 10 days, the TachoSil group exhibited significantly lower lymphatic drainage volume (19.9 ± 6.1) than the control group (44.5 ± 9.2) (p < 0.001). Repeated measures MANOVA showed a statistically significant difference in lymphatic drainage over time, with a moderate effect (p < 0.001).

Conclusion: The findings suggest that TachoSil sealant effectively reduces early postoperative lymphatic drainage volume and maintains lower drainage rates up to 10 days following axillary dissection in breast cancer patients. The use of TachoSil sealant may have potential benefits in reducing the incidence of complications associated with lymphatic drainage and improving patient outcomes.
Metabolic Syndrome and Its Determinants in Patients Undergoing Obesity Screening Within the Scope of the Disease Management Platform
Authors: Yayın Esranur , Yayın Hasan Esad
Published: December 2024

Objective: We aimed to detect rates of metabolic syndrome and overweight, patients screened for obesity within the scope of the Disease Management Platform (DMP).

Methods: This cross‐sectional study was completed with 387 patients who were examined for fasting plasma glucose, triglyceride, and high‐density lipoprotein levels, waist circumference, blood pressure measurements, chronic diseases, body mass index, and medication use.

Results: In total of whom 387 underwent blood tests as recommended by the DMP. The mean age and body mass index were 55.26 ± 14.50 years and 27.02 ± 3.69 kg/m2, respectively. While 26.6% of the patients had normal weight, 56.1% had overweight. Metabolic syndrome was present in 52.2% of the patients.

Conclusion: The significant increases in the rates of overweight and metabolic syndrome have drawn attention in the community. Therefore, family physicians necessitate additional platforms, such as the DMP, to effectively combat metabolic syndrome and overweight, a pivotal initial step in tackling obesity.
Synthesis and Characterization of MgO–CuO–Fe2O3 Nanocomposite: A Study of Its Structural, Optical, and Antibacterial Properties
Authors: Alnehia Adnan , Al-Sharabi Annas , Alnahari Hisham , Hadi Muhammad
Published: December 2024

The synthesis, characterization, and application of mixed oxide nanocomposites (NCs) are gaining recognition for their superior functional properties compared with simple metal oxides. In this study, we synthesized magnesium oxide (MgO)–copper oxide (CuO)–iron oxide (Fe2O3) mixed oxide NCs using a simple coprecipitation method and investigated several of their physical properties. X‐ray diffraction (XRD) analyses revealed distinct phases, including monoclinic CuO, cubic MgO, cubic Fe2O3, and tetragonal CuFe2O4, with crystallite sizes ranging from 51 to 100 nm. Notably, the crystallite dimensions increased upon annealing at 800°C. UV‐vis spectral analysis indicated two distinct energy bandgaps for the first sample at 3.10 eV and 4.18 eV and for the second sample at 3.44 eV and 2.67 eV, demonstrating a reduction in the optical energy bandgap with increasing temperature. Importantly, antibacterial assays revealed that the NCs exhibited a zone of inhibition of 24 mm against Gram‐positive S. aureus; however, no significant antibacterial effect was observed against Gram‐negative bacteria. These findings suggest that the MgO–CuO–Fe2O3 NC holds promise for healthcare and biotechnological applications, emphasizing the necessity for further exploration of its antibacterial properties for potential practical applications.
Design of Support Parameters of Large‐Section Open‐Off Cut and Its Dynamic Mining Response Characteristics
Authors: Sun Jian , Yang Yong , Zhao Yongjie , Chen Shengquan , Hu Dongsheng
Published: December 2024

The open‐off cut is an important place in coal mining. It is mainly used to install the relevant equipment of the working face and start mining from here. Its stability and safety play a very important role in the installation of the relevant equipment of the working face and the smooth progress of the mining. Compared with the mining roadway, the open‐off cut of the working face has a larger span and is prone to caving accidents. Especially for large‐section open‐off cut, its roof stability control is a difficult problem for support. In order to solve the support design problem of 9106 large‐section open‐off cut under dynamic mining conditions in Hengsheng Coal Industry, the support parameters and support scheme of 9106 large‐section open‐off cut were designed by combining theoretical analysis, numerical simulation, and field monitoring. The dynamic response characteristics of 9106 large‐section open‐off cut in the mining process of adjacent l9301 working face were studied. The deformation and failure evolution law of 9106 large‐section open‐off cut were analyzed, and the support design scheme was applied to the engineering site. Among them, the maximum surface displacement of the two sides of the open‐off cut is about 316 mm, the maximum surface displacement of the roof and floor is about 133 mm, the maximum displacement of the deep roof is 19 mm, the maximum displacement of the shallow roof is 30 mm, the stable value of the bolt force is about 6 MPa, and the stable value of the anchor cable force is about 9.3 MPa. It shows that the designed support scheme can meet the influence of the 9106 large‐section open‐off cut on the mining of the adjacent 9301 working face and ensure the stability of the surrounding rock of the 9106 large‐section open‐off cut.
Ultrahigh Dose Rate Helium Ion Beams: Minimizing Brain Tissue Damage while Preserving Tumor Control
Authors: Dokic Ivana , Moustafa Mahmoud , Tessonnier Thomas , Meister Sarah , Ciamarone Federica , Akbarpour Mahdi , Krunic Damir , Haberer Thomas , Debus Jürgen , Mairani Andrea , Abdollahi Amir
Published: December 2024

Ultrahigh dose rate radiotherapy (RT) with electrons and protons has shown potential for cancer treatment by effectively targeting tumors while sparing healthy tissues (FLASH effect). This study aimed to investigate the potential FLASH sparing effect of ultrahigh dose rate helium ion irradiation, focusing on acute brain injury and subcutaneous tumor response in a preclinical in vivo setting. Raster-scanned helium ion beams were used to compare the effects of standard dose rate (SDR; at 0.2 Gy/second) and FLASH (at 141 Gy/second) RT on healthy brain tissue. Irradiation-induced brain injury was studied in C57BL/6 mice via DNA damage response, using nuclear γH2AX as a marker for double-strand breaks. The integrity of neurovascular and immune compartments was assessed through CD31+ microvascular density and activation of microglia/macrophages. IBA1+ ramified and CD68+ phagocytic microglia/macrophages were quantified, along with the expression of inducible nitric oxide synthetase. Tumor response to SDR (0.2 Gy/second) and FLASH (250 Gy/second) RT was evaluated in an A549 carcinoma model, using tumor volume and Kaplan–Meier survival as endpoints. The results showed that helium FLASH RT significantly reduced acute brain tissue injury compared with SDR, evidenced by lower levels of double-strand breaks and preserved the neurovascular endothelium. Additionally, FLASH RT reduced neuroinflammatory signals compared with SDR, as indicated by fewer CD68+ inducible nitric oxide synthetase–positive microglia/macrophages. FLASH RT achieved tumor control comparable with that of SDR RT. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first study to report the FLASH sparing effect of raster scanning helium ion RT in vivo, highlighting its potential for neuroprotection and effective tumor control.
Deep Learning Predicts Subtype Heterogeneity and Outcomes in Luminal A Breast Cancer Using Routinely Stained Whole-Slide Images
Authors: Kurian Nikhil Cherian , Gann Peter H. , Kumar Neeraj , McGregor Stephanie M. , Verma Ruchika , Sethi Amit
Published: December 2024

Intratumor heterogeneity (ITH) presents challenges for precision oncology, but methods for its spatial quantification, scalable at population levels, do not exist. Based on previous work showing that the admixture of PAM50 subtype can be measured from bulk tissue using transcriptomic data, we trained a deep convolutional neural network to quantify subtype ITH in luminal A (LumA) breast cancer from routinely stained whole-slide images. We tested the hypothesis that subtype admixture detected in images was associated with tumor aggressiveness and adverse outcomes. In 680 cases from the TCGA-BRCA cohort, we determined adherence to assigned subtype by applying matrix factorization to each transcriptome. The purest cases were split into groups for initial testing, training, and parameter tuning. A total of 230 LumA-assigned cases were held out for final testing. Image patches were fed into a deep neural network pretrained on histology images. We measured the association of tumor area classified as LumA in the image with tumor characteristics and survival. Among LumA-assigned cases, admixture was associated with slightly higher estrogen receptor positivity but lower progesterone receptor (PR) positivity and estrogen receptor–related gene expression and higher HER2 positivity, tumor size, grade, and tumor–node–metastasis stage. Image admixture was associated with more TP53 and fewer PIK3CA mutations. Progression-free survival was significantly shorter in more admixed cases. Our findings demonstrate that deep learning, trained to recognize genomic correlates in tissue morphology, can quantify and map subtype admixture in LumA breast cancer that has clinical significance. The low cost and scalability of this method hold potential as a research tool for investigating ITH and perhaps improving the efficacy of precision oncology.

Significance:

A deep learning model, trained using transcriptomic data, inexpensively quantifies and fine-maps ITH due to subtype admixture in routine images of LumA breast cancer, the most favorable subtype. This new approach could facilitate exploration of the mechanisms behind such heterogeneity and its impact on selection of therapy for individual patients.
A Cost-Effective Two-Step Approach for Multi-Cancer Early Detection in High-Risk Populations
Authors: Geng Shuaipeng , Li Shiyong , Wu Wei , Chang Yinyin , Mao Mao
Published: December 2024

In population-wide cancer screening, three key issues need to be focused on: the number of cancer cases identified, the number of false positives, and the cost. OncoSeek is a multi-cancer early detection (MCED) test using seven protein tumor markers and artificial intelligence. SeekInCare is an MCED test that integrates the seven protein tumor markers and four cancer genomic features from cell-free DNA by shallow whole-genome sequencing. In a two-step approach, the initial screening is conducted using OncoSeek, and SeekInCare is then used as the secondary test for individuals who tested positive by OncoSeek. We simulated a screening in five million adults ages ≥50 years with a cancer incidence rate of 1.9%. Whereas at 91.0% specificity OncoSeek had 441,450 false positives, using the two-step approach significantly reduced false positives to 34,335 (0.7%). Although SeekInCare and Galleri identified more cancer cases (32,015 and 27,455, respectively) than the two-step MCED (21,280), their total costs reached $3,750 million and $4,745 million, respectively. As the positive predictive value of two-step MCED (38.3%) was comparable with SeekInCare (27.7%) and Galleri (38.3%), it reduced the cost by 5.3-fold and 6.6-fold, respectively, amounting to a total cost of $713.6 million and a cost of $143 per individual screened. The cost of per cancer case detected was $117,133 for SeekInCare and $172,828 for Galleri, which were 3.5-fold and 5.2-fold higher, respectively, than the two-step MCED ($33,534). The two-step approach not only significantly reduces false positives but also cuts down the screening cost substantially, making it a cost-effective strategy for population-wide cancer screening.

Significance:

Large-scale screening inevitably leads to significant financial burdens on the healthcare system, which is a key factor constraining nationwide screenings. The two-step MCED approach not only maintains comparable performance but also substantially alleviates financial strains compared with the direct use of next-generation sequencing–based MCED tests for massive screenings.
ثنائية العروبة والإفريقية في الأدب السوداني: تفكيك القراءة الإثنية
Authors: Rubino Marcella
Published: December 2024

تلخيص

لقد اكتشف الباحثون في الأدب العربي المعاصر القيمة المتميزة للإنتاج الأدبي السوداني وغزارته ابتداء من الألفية الثالثة، وبدأوا يلاحظون أهمية دراسة هذا الفضاء الواقع على مفترق الطرق بين الفضائين العربي والإفريقي. شهد السودان بعد استقلاله سنة 1956 حروبا وانقلابات عديدة وعاشت فيه الفئات التي تعرف عن نفسها بأنها إفريقية تحت سيطرة نخبة سياسية فرضت اعتناق الدين الإسلامي واستعمال اللغة العربية في كل مناطق البلاد. انطلاقا من هذا الواقع المعقد، أراد عدد من الباحثين المعاصرين أن ينتقدوا النظريات السائدة التي تصوّر الحروب الواقعة في السودان على أنها فقطً ذات أبعاد إثنية وأثبتوا أن لها أبعاداً أخرى، أولها تهميش الأقاليم من قبل المركز، وثانيها استقطاب الهويات واستخدام العامل الإثني من قبل السلطة. سيتناول هذا المقال المسألة من وجهة نظر الأدب الروائي، ولاسيما روايات عبد العزيز بركة ساكن وحمور زيادة واستيلا قايتانو ومنصور الصويم، ساعيا إلى إظهار مساهمة هذه النصوص الأدبية في تفكيك ثنائية العروبة والإفريقية وإبدالها بثنائية ذات أبعاد سياسية واجتماعية.
Le commentateur sportif comme figure moderne de la faṣāḥa
Authors: Abouelgamal Tarek
Published: December 2024

ʾAllāhu akbar hāza huwa ʿadl as-samāʾ. ʿAdālat as-samāʿ nazalit ʿalā istād Bālirmō/ kallala Allāhu maghūdāt al-maṣriyyīn bi-n-nagāḥ « Dieu est grand, c’est bien cela la justice du ciel. La justice du ciel est descendue au stade de Palerme. Dieu a couronné de succès les efforts des Égyptiens ».

Lorsque le commentateur sportif Maḥmūd Bakr prononçait ces mots, il ne savait peut-être pas qu’ils passeraient à la postérité. Plus de vingt ans plus tard, cette phrase est devenue proverbiale. Peu importe si en réalité il s’agissait plus d’une injustice que d’une instance de rétribution divine, puisque la faute sifflée en faveur de l’Égypte avait été très clairement commise en dehors de la zone du penalty. Mais au-delà de l’aspect purement footballistique de l’évnement, pourquoi un commentateur sportif évoque-t-il la justice divine pour une décision d’arbitre ? Pourquoi son énoncé s’élève-t-il brusquement vers une variété linguistique prestigieuse en prononçant la voyelle de flexion du mot Allāhu ? Pourquoi ce ton martial en prononçant la voyelle longue finale de Bālirmō tandis que le dialecte égyptien abrège systématiquement les voyelles longues finales ? Nous nous proposerons de répondre à ces questions en analysant un corpus de commentaire sportif de huit matchs. À la lumière de ce corpus, nous soutenons l’idée que le commentaire sportif s’appuie sur des éléments qui constituent une figure moderne de la faṣāḥa, celle-ci répondant à la fois aux exigences classiques de la pureté et de la clarté, et aux contraintes de l’éloquence dans le contexte moderne de l’État-nation.