bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Morphology and Diachrony in A Grammar of Old English and the Dictionary of Old English
Authors: Fulk R. D.
Published: March 2021

Just as Richard M. Hogg relied heavily on the resources of the Dictionary of Old English Project, particularly the Microfiche Concordance to Old English, in compiling the first volume of his Grammar of Old English, on phonology, the project of completing the second volume, on morphology, has yielded many reminders what an indispensable asset the Dictionary of Old English and the resources it has spawned are to the community of linguists and medievalists. Hogg was particularly concerned to distinguish diachronic and synchronic analysis of the language, in regard to nominal morphology actually separating the two concerns into discrete chapters; working with the resources of the DOE for the purpose of completing Hogg’s work has, thus, prompted some contemplation of the advantages and disadvantages of the dictionary’s approach to matters of diachrony and synchrony in respect to Old English morphology. The dictionary itself supplies some exceptionally useful information on morphology, particularly in its presentation of attested forms and inflected varieties. A peculiarity of the DOE, however, is the relative thoroughness with which considerations of language history have been excluded from the construction of the dictionary. Considering the very many difficulties that the editors would have had to address had they chosen to include much historical information — difficulties that surely would have strained the Project’s budget and pace of production — it would be unreasonable to expect them to have done otherwise. The consequences of this course of action, however, are far-reaching, and the following remarks will demonstrate that excluding most kinds of historical information from the DOE has had some unanticipated effects, creating problems, some quite serious, in connection with matters that might at first appear to be unrelated to language history. That is to say, the very idea of separating entirely synchronic and diachronic concerns in Old English lexicography is fraught with problems, and the result of excluding most sorts of diachronic concerns is detrimental to many kinds of synchronic analysis.
The Dictionary of Old English the Archaeology of Ritual Landscapes, and the Burial Ritual in Early Anglo-Saxon England
Authors: Crawford Sally
Published: March 2021

Early Anglo-Saxon mortuary ritual may be seen as a repeated pattern of performances and actions in the landscape (from the place of death to the grave) and on and around the body before, during, and after death, where communally recognized movement, words, sounds, sights, and objects created what have been termed “technologies of remembrance,” through which the burial is both a reflection of the loss of an individual to the community and a familiar re-affirmation of the community and reenactment of its traditions. Only a small portion of the rituals attending the burial of the dead can be recognized in the archaeological record: specifically, the relationship between the final place of disposal of the body and features in the landscape such as settlements, geological features or ancient built features, the position of the body in relation to other burials, the layout of the body in the grave, and the presence or absence of archaeologically recoverable objects associated with the body. Studies of early Anglo-Saxon cemeteries show that disposal of the body involved patterns of behaviour within a broad normative ritual, but the ritual was not static over time, nor do all graves conform to a single template. Burials were ritualized, but not to the exclusion of individual agency. Mortuary ritual, with its repetitive, ritualized “vocabulary” of behaviour and patterning, has been described as “an appropriate place to look for material manifestations of communicative action; it is arguably more semiotically charged than most archaeologically observable behavior.” It is not merely a handy metaphor that the construction and composition of the furnished burial ritual has often been discussed in linguistic terms. There is a “vocabulary” of grave goods together with a “grammar” of ritual.
The Old Saxon Heliand
Authors: Mierke Gesine
Published: March 2021

In the past twenty years, the validity of cultural studies has become a major subject of debate, which evolved from the humanities feeling obliged to defend themselves vis-à-vis the natural sciences, and also from an identity crisis within philology that raised questions about its legitimacy. In his defence of cultural studies, Gerhard Neumann emphasizes four aspects — ethnology, cultural semiotics, memory studies, and New Historicism — that can be transferred to literary enquiry. Jan and Aleida Assmann’s investigations into culture as memory and its identity-creating function, in particular, have met with considerable approval in the academic community and especially by humanists. Their argument for the significance of memoria is relevant to medieval studies.
Independent Women Scholars Write (Women’s) Medieval History
Authors: Stuard Susan Mosher
Published: March 2021

Independent scholarly writing on the Middle Ages began as a dignified amateur endeavour in, and in a few instances before, the eighteenth century, although a bemused reading public has often marvelled at why anyone with a superior education and leisure would bother. For this reason, amateur scholars have often felt it necessary to justify their choice of a scholarly pursuit, and this continues down to our own day. Women scholars like Margaret Wade Labarge (1916-2009), whom we celebrate here, often had little choice but to pursue their scholarly interests independently because in her day academic positions were largely awarded to men. Labarge justified her career choice straightforwardly as based on a lifelong interest in the Middle Ages. Despite sporadic appointments as visiting scholar at Carleton University and the University of Ottawa, Margaret Wade Labarge spent her career primarily in research and writing, and she chose to view her status on the periphery of academic institutions positively since it left her free to study and write what she wished. She chose her scholarly projects herself, pursued them independently, and found publishers willing to place her work before the public: as a result, she enjoyed some commercial success and, with it, stature within her chosen field of study. There are many reasons to celebrate Margaret Wade Labarge and place her among the women scholars who pursued similar independent careers in medieval studies and, in doing so, designed medieval women’s history in ways that resonate to the present day.
Efeito de eventos únicos em transistores MOS: classificação dos eventos via redes neurais profundas
Authors:   , Oliveira J. A.
Published: March 2021

Electronic devices are susceptible to defects caused by ionizing radiation, and the use of these devices is increasingly required in embedded applications that operate in aggressive environments (presence of radiation) such as space, nuclear reactors and particle accelerators. Among the most damaging defects are Single Event Effects (SEE). The effect is caused by a single ionized particle that, depending on several factors, can cause logical inversions in digital electronic devices, or even render the device inoperative. The study of these phenomena is of great importance in the creation of national technology, as they are basic requirements for generating resistant components radiation. Through unprecedented experiments in Brazil, involving the CITAR Project (Integrated Circuits Tolerant to Radiation), the appropriate environment was created to carry out these studies, since for the reproduction of these phenomena it is necessary to use a particle accelerator that is capable of generate heavy ion beams with low flux. In this work, the results obtained from the ionizing particle radiation experiment in a MOSFET p-type transistor are evaluated, including the creation of a simulated representation of the real device, using the SENTAURUS tool. Emissions of heavy ions in the component were simulated with the same characteristics as the ion beams used in the laboratory, with the expectation of obtaining the same response generated by the real device. Finally, through machine learning techniques, an algorithm was created capable of classifying the different events recorded during field experiments, as well as evaluating spurious signals that make up the data obtained. As a result of the simulations, we approximate the simulation of the 3N163 device to the electrical characteristics presented by the real devices, and through the training of a deep neural network using the data measured in the field capable of classifying 97% of accuracy
CAM FITTING UNIT OF DEVICEFOR UNSCREWING CATCHED PIPES IN THE WELL
Authors: Gavryliv S. Yu. , Lyakh M. M. , Gavryliv Yu. L.
Published: March 2021

Improving the efficiency of repair work in elimination of drilling pipe accidents in the well is an urgent task of oil companies and is achieved through usage of special devices and tools. Authors patented and manufactured a device for unscrewing pipes in casing with a nominal diameter of D = 114 mm. Cycle of the device for unscrewing pipes in the well consists of three periods: freewheeling, jamming of the carrier of the device for unscrewing the trapped pipes and the period of wedging. The article analyses the operating conditions of the device locking unit during the first two periods. Formulas for determining the force of pressing the cams to the casing during freewheel, as well as the moment of friction forces and friction power for this case are proposed. We obtain the dependence of the maximum allowable initial angle of jamming on the coefficient of friction and geometric parameters of the device.

It is planned to test the device for unscrewing pipes in industrial conditions of LLC "Factorial" (Poltava).
ON LOCAL TWO-POINT PROBLEM FOR THE EQUATION WITH THE OPERATOR OF GENERALIZED DIFFERENTIATION
Authors: Negrych M. P. , Symotyuk M. M.
Published: March 2021

A local two-point problem with the oprator of Gelfond-Leontiev generalized differentiation with a complex argument is investigated. The conditions of unity and existence of the solution of the problem are obtained. It is proved that such conditions are satisfied for almost all (relative to Lebesgue measure) node of interpolation.
Development of a method for assessing risks of food fraud and food defense as a component of food safety management
Authors:   National University of Life and Environmental Sciences of Ukraine, Sliva Yu.
Published: March 2021

The work is devoted to the development and substantiation of the method of identification and assessment of risks of food protection from economically motivated fraud and bioterrorism, taking into account the requirements of international standards for the development and operation of food safety management systems. The purpose of the work is to scientifically substantiate and develop a method of identification and assessment of risks of food protection from economically motivated fraud and bioterrorism, which is based on the concepts of VACCP and TACCP taking into account the requirements of international standards GLOBALG.A.P. and ISO 22000: 2018. Research methods - theoretical and modeling (development of identification method and selection of risk assessment criteria), representative (presentation of the application of the developed method) and diagnostic. The latter tested the possibility of applying the developed method to assess the risks of protecting food products from economically motivated fraud and intentional harm, taking into account the requirements of international standards. Results. A method for identifying and assessing the risks of food protection from economically motivated fraud and intentional harm, taking into account the requirements of international standards, developed criteria and methodology for risk assessment.
ВОЗМОЖНЫЕ АНАЛОГИ ОЦЕНКИ САМОСТОЯТЕЛЬНОЙ РАБОТЫ СТУДЕНТОВ КАК СПОСОБ ПОВЫШЕНИЯ КАЧЕСТВА УЧЕБНОГО ПРОЦЕССА В ДИСТАНЦИОННОМ ФОРМАТЕ
Authors: Uvarov V.
Published: March 2021

В статье автор приводит обзор современной структуры оценки успеваемости студентов, а также указываются очевидные, на его взгляд, недостатки рейтинговой системы. Опираясь на свой профессиональный опыт преподавания иностранного языка в неязыковом вузе, автор предпринимает попытку проанализировать возможные варианты оптимизации системы оценки процесса и результатов самостоятельной работы студентов, как неотъемлемого компонента целостного учебного процесса. 

Отдельное внимание уделяется необходимости использования прогрессивных и актуальных для современной жизни учебных методик, таких как проектная и игровая деятельность. На примере организации отдельного модуля игрового учебного процесса автор предлагает альтернативные варианты оценки подготовительной самостоятельной работы студентов и ее результатов, полагая их более прогрессивными, приближенными к реалиям жизни, а также отвечающими требованиям современного общества.
TO THE QUESTION ABOUT THE PHYSICAL EDUCATION OF STUDENTS AT ALTSTU
Authors: Сорокина Л. , Мусатова Е. , Сорокина В.
Published: March 2021

The article discusses the role of physical education at the University in the comprehensive development of students' personality, which manifests itself in three main areas (development of motor qualities, acquisition of knowledge, skills and abilities necessary for their successful implementation, preservation and strengthening of health, introduction of students to systematic studies physical exercises, their active participation in the sports life of our university, the development of socially significant character traits, the formation of the spiritual world and the moral development of the student's personality). Teaching a theoretical and practical course in the context of the Covid-19 coronavirus infection using a remote mode of work (self-isolation). Ways to maintain active physical fitness and reduce sedentary lifestyles in a home quarantine are proposed.
ANALYSIS OF METHODOLOGICAL APPROACHES TO MODERNIZATION OF EDUCATION
Authors: Нәби Ы.
Published: March 2021

The article states that the modernization of education must meet two challenges, as the historical actions taken since the independence of our country have not yet been completed; The importance of the scientific basis for the analysis of methodological approaches to the modernization of education, the content analysis of methodological approaches to the modernization of education without showing that the scientific approach is based on pedagogical theory; As a result of content analysis, guided by the most common definition of educational modernization, it is proved that complex, systematic, action, functional, dynamic approaches can be used for its study, and the potential of other approaches should not be ignored.
THERMO- AND LIGHT STABILIZING ACTIVITY OF VINYLOXYCLOPROPANE ADDUCTS WITH THIOLS IN THE COMPOSITIONS BASED ON PVC
Authors: Shahnazarli R. , Ishenko N. , Guliyev A. , Ramazanov G. , Aliyeva A. , Fattayeva J.
Published: March 2021

During exploitation of PVC products, the negative impact of high temperatures and light, and also the destructive influence of various microorganisms, leads to the deterioration of physical-mechanical properties and change of products painting. For prevention of the dehydrochlorination process of PVC, it is necessary to use the effective complex stabilizers, including biostabilizers, differing with their high processability and simultaneously possessing biocidal properties. 

In this work the results of investigations of influence of the synthesized sulphur-containing epoxycyclopropanes as stabilizing additives for prevention of the dehydrochlorination process of the compositions based on plasticized PVC have been presented. The influence of these compounds as co-stabilizers in the composition of complex stabilizers – stearates Ca (CaSt2) and Zn (ZnSt2) on thermo- and light stability of PVCcompositions and also on their physical-mechanical and exploitation indices has been studied. It has been established the synthesized epoxy- and cyclopropane-containing mono- and disulphides jointly with stearic acid salts form the synergic mixtures, which can improve the physical-mechanical properties of PVC compositions, their thermal and light stability.
DIAGNOSTIC AND PREDICTIVE SIGNIFICANCE OF LABORATORY DIAGNOSTIC METHODS IN HEMATOLOGICAL PRACTICE
Authors: Середин В.
Published: March 2021

The aim of the paper is research of the diagnostic and prognostic utility of laboratory-based methods diagnostic in hematological practice, formulation of rational scientifically based methods of strategy and behavior tactics of the doctor in pathological state. Questions on diagnostic and practical significance of laboratory – based methods of people’s pathological state diagnostic, which are used in clinical and laboratory practice are studied. Methods and procedure of diagnostic utility valuation in health and disease were studied.
ПОРТФОЛИО В ИНТЕРНЕТЕ – ЭТО БЛАГО ДЛЯ ЧЕЛОВЕКА ИЛИ ЗЛО, О КОТОРОМ МЫ НЕ ДОГАДЫВАЕМСЯ...?!
Authors: Dvoryankin O.
Published: March 2021

В статье представлен материал о новом направлении в Интернете – портфолио. Проанализированы мнения и отношения людей к этой информационной технологии, показаны положительные и отрицательные моменты, а также предложены возможные варианты самообороны, в виде информационной безопасности.
ЗАГАДОЧНЫЕ ИНИЦИАЛЫ В ДНЕВНИКЕ АННЫ АЛЛЕНДОРФ
Authors: Pakshina N.
Published: March 2021

Статья посвящена изучению особенностей формирования преемственности поколений в начале XX века на основе дневника воспитанницы Нижегородского Мариинского института благородных девиц Анны Аллендорф. Рассмотрен вопрос установления личности интересного человека, анонимно упомянутого в этом дневнике, которым оказался преподаватель истории Федор Петрович Елеонский. В процессе исследования был применен историко-биографический метод с использованием материалов адрес-календарей Нижнего Новгорода. Эти издания были популярны в упомянутый исторический период. Представлены примеры успешного поиска в них информации.
ACCURACY IMPROVING OF PRE-TRAINED NEURAL NETWORKS BY FINE TUNING
Authors: Кonarev D. , Gulamov А.
Published: March 2021

Methods of accuracy improving of pre-trained networks are discussed. Images of ships are input data for the networks. Networks are built and trained using Keras and TensorFlow machine learning libraries. Fine tuning of previously trained convoluted artificial neural networks for pattern recognition tasks is described. Fine tuning of VGG16 and VGG19 networks are done by using Keras Applications. The accuracy of VGG16 network with finetuning of the last convolution unit increased from 94.38% to 95.21%. An increase is only 0.83%. The accuracy of VGG19 network with fine-tuning of the last convolution unit increased from 92.97% to 96.39%, which is 3.42%.
ANALYSIS OF LONG-TERM VARIABILITY OF RIVER RUNOFF IN THE URAL RIVER BASIN
Authors: Yumina N. , Kozlov M.
Published: March 2021

The hydrological zoning of the Ural River basin has been clarified in terms of synchronism and in-phase fluctuations in annual runoff. 5 hydrological regions have been identified. For 9 hydrological posts and 5 meteorological stations located in different parts of the basin, a detailed statistical analysis of long-term data was carried out. A single 1975 year of the beginning of hydro-meteorological changes in the basin was revealed. For each hydrological region, statistically significant changes in the annual and seasonal runoff were revealed. The assessment of the factors of change in runoff was carried out. Areas with a predominant influence on the change in runoff or anthropogenic load on water resources or climatic changes are identified.
EFFECT OF TEMPERATURE TREATMENT ON THE ENERGY SPECTRUM OF DEFECTS IN SILICON DOPED WITH MOLYBDENUM
Authors: Daliev Sh. , Paluanova A.
Published: March 2021

The paper presents the results of studying the spectra of thermally stimulated depolarization of high-pressure polyethylene modified with fillers of biocomposites with fillers of biological origin - fish bone and fish scales. It was found that the stability and surface density of space charges can be controlled by varying the volumetric content of biological fillers. The optimal values of bio-fillers that contribute to the stability of the surface density of the investigated biocomposites have been determined.
VALUE-SENSE MANAGEMENT
Authors: Kurbatov A. , Kurbatova L.
Published: March 2021

The greatest crisis, which is being experienced by the world economy, has not come unexpectedly, since it was predicted with a sufficient degree of precision. Moreover, the matters, causing obstacles for the transformation in the period of transition from the mixed economy to the intellectual economy, have been studied well enough and the technologies of the harmonious transformation have not just been developed but also successfully approbated. However, the crisis is escalating with increasing strength, and many analysts are warning against the risk of irreversible losses, that threaten the mankind with self-destruction due to the effect of 'the lacuna' and 'the gap' between the speed of changes in life conditions and the velocity of growth of human and humanity abilities to adapt to fast changing conditions of ecological, economic, technological and political reality.

As anticipated, the main problem turned out to be the intellectual inertia. Despite the fact that the system analysis of the global crisis in education, which does not any longer provide the human and humanity with the proper competencies, even those necessary for the survival, was published by F.G.Coobles back in 1968, the approaches which are long outdated and, therefore, have become dangerous, are still widely spread all over the world. The reports of the Roman club have repeatedly highlighted that the overcoming of 'the lacuna' effect requires new approaches to education, but this has not led to large scale practical results, in spite of the fact, that the task of the development of the new system of the continuous anti-crisis education (for all ages) was accomplished back in the USSR and the experimental model proved to be efficient in process of the 20 years approbation in conditions of the Russian Federation. The psychological bareers arising during the transition from the programme goal method to the system-synergetic approach, from the crisis model of economy to value-sense one, from the subject-object relations to the subject-subject ones and others, have turned to be hard to overcome without the help of specialists, equipped with the methods of the value-sense management, which enable each subject, experiencing the negative impact of the modern economic crisis, to successfully overcome it. This article is dedicated to the peculiarities of the author's scientific-practical school of the value-sense management as a means of overcoming the modern economic crisis.
ON ACCESSORY OBLIGATIONS IN RUSSIAN CIVIL LAW
Authors: Truhan R.
Published: March 2021

In the science of civil law, two approaches to the understanding and interpretation of accessory have been formed.  The first approach can be defined as the understanding of accessory in the "narrow" sense, the second - in the "broad" sense. Russian civil law contains signs of accessory in the "narrow" sense. For this reason, the problem of the concept of "accessory" is seen, which is subject to the identification of an accessory legal relationship with a security obligation, which in turn impoverishes the idea of the role of accessory in the system of legal relationships. With the development of circulation and the complication of law, examples of accessory legal relations of a different kind appeared that were not related to security obligations, i.e. "Broad" understanding of accessory, which has an auxiliary, secondary nature of the obligation, which can not always have a security focus.  Russian arbitration courts have developed a number of rules to make up for the shortcomings of the institution of accessory in Russian civil law, and the possibility of using accessory in the "broad" sense. It is concluded that de jure the concept of accessory in Russian civil law is reflected in the "narrow" sense, and de facto, accessory is applied in the "broad" sense.
Efficacité de l’hypnose pour prendre en charge la fatigue associée au cancer : une revue de la littérature internationale
Authors: Baussard L. , Cousson-Gélie F. , Nicklès I.
Published: March 2021

Objectif : Les études qui s’interrogent sur l’efficacité des interventions non médicamenteuses, dans la prise en charge de la fatigue associée au cancer, comprennent le plus souvent des sessions d’activités physiques adaptées ou des prises en charge psychologiques. Parmi elles se trouve l’hypnose, mais elle est principalement proposée en combinaison avec une autre thérapie, limitant une interprétation en termes d’efficacité. À travers cette revue de la littérature, nous voulons comprendre quelle est la place de l’hypnose pour la prise en charge de la fatigue associée au cancer.

Méthode : Nous avons recherché les articles scientifiques indexés dans les bases de données Cochrane, PsycINFO, Pubmed et Web of Science. Les principaux mots clés étaient « fatigue », « cancer » et « hypnosis ». La qualité méthodologique des études a été évaluée.

Résultats : Quatre-vingt-deux études ont été recensées. Après sélection, 11 études ont été retenues à la lecture. Les résultats sur l’efficacité de l’hypnose seule (non combinée à une autre thérapie) ont porté sur 6 études. Bien qu’il faille distinguer l’hypnose délivrée par autrui, de l’autohypnose par audioenregistrement, nos résultats indiquent que 4 études rapportent une efficacité significative de l’hypnose pour réduire la fatigue des patients soignés pour un cancer.

Conclusion : Au niveau international, trop peu d’études évaluent l’efficacité de l’hypnose en oncologie. Ainsi, sur un symptôme spécifique comme la fatigue, les études se font encore plus rares. De plus, il est difficile d’évaluer l’efficacité d’une méthode pour laquelle l’homogénéisation de la procédure est difficile à mettre en place. Cependant, au regard de cette étude, l’hypnose présente un réel intérêt et une efficacité dans la réduction des symptômes de fatigue.
Theme and Performance in Symphony No 5 by Philip Glass
Authors: MĂNĂILESCU Sorana , OARCEA Ioan
Published: March 2021

Of Philip Glass's twelve symphonies - perhaps the most popular minimalist composer after John Cage – it is the choral Fifth, entitled "Requiem, Bardo, Nirmanakaya", composed in the years of full maturity (the first performance took place in 1994), that mostly impresses through its grand design, display of instruments and human voices, soloists and four choral ensembles may be considered a version of the theocratic scenario that projects the history of mankind in the order of the divine, characteristic of the premodern age. Glass's originality consists in the overlapping of several mythical structures - Swedish, biblical, Buddhist, Islamic, Sufi, etc. - in accordance with the holistic epistemology of the contemporary era. Despite the Buddhist references in the title, the narrative is modelled on the biblical archetype, from the genesis of the universe to the Last Judgment and it ends with the vision of a future humanity bonded in brotherhood, peace and compassion
Stylistic aspects reflected in the musical choral volume Cântece pentru copii/Songs for children, signed by Dan Voiculescu
Authors: GREAVU Elena-Laura , PEPELEA Roxana
Published: March 2021

In Dan Voiculescu's choral compositions, music and poetry are particularly intertwined, the syncretism of the arts being a fundamental feature in the composer's approach to this type of repertoire. The more detailed analysis, with examples of excerpts from works from the volume Songs for Children, are convincing proof of the compositional mastery that is necessary for the succesful creation of a deep connection between musical construction and text. Even the choice of certain elements related to the mode of musical composition (subordinated to the melodic, harmonic, polyphonic, rhythmic, metrical, dynamic, formal structure, etc.) demonstrates the intrinsic nature of the connection between music and the message of poetic lyrics. At the same time, the capitalization of the Romanian folklore resources, the incorporation in certain works of some underlying influence from baroque music and the preoccupation of introducing innovations related to the singing technique of the choral repertoire on equal voices represent some of the multiple stylistic features reflected in this volume.
Deserción escolar desde la experiencia de los adolescentes de una zona rural
Authors: Diana Carolina Erira-Caicedo  , Eunice Yarce-Pinzón
Published: March 2021

Objetivo: comprender los factores asociados a la deserción escolar, desde la experiencia de los adolescentes desertores de básica secundaria de la Institución Educativa Municipal Cristo Rey, corregimiento de San Fernando, Pasto, Nariño. Metodología: estudio cualitativo de tipo fenomenológico, con una muestra de 26 adolescentes desertores. La recolección de información se realizó mediante una guía de preguntas basadas en el Modelo Ecológico. Resultados: con relación al microsistema, los adolescentes que han desertado del sistema escolar tienen deseos de superación, por lo cual en su mayoría planean reingresar al sistema escolar o trabajar. Referente al mesosistema, los adolescentes desertores refieren la pérdida de años en primaria y bachillerato, episodios de maltrato por parte de docentes, dificultades en la relación con sus pares, acoso escolar, procesos de convivencia escolar, bajo desempeño académico y posibles dificultades de aprendizaje. Respecto al macrosistema, se evidencia que los adolescentes desconocen o no comprenden algunos aspectos fundamentales del funcionamiento del sistema educativo, tales como el sistema de evaluación y el papel del docente en el proceso de evaluación. Conclusiones: los adolescentes se van de la institución sin tener un proyecto fuera del sistema escolar; por lo tanto, aquellas alternativas de ocupación del tiempo libre, escolarización o generación de ingresos ofrecidas a esta población, tienen probabilidad de ser acogidas.
Cultura ambiental por medio de la acción de grupos ecológicos en la Institución Educativa Consuelo Araujo Noguera de Valledupar, Cesar
Authors: Alelis Karina Maestre-Pacheco
Published: March 2021

La investigación tuvo como objetivo, implementar una intervención estratégica para la formación de la cultura ambiental, por medio de la acción de grupos ecológicos, en la Institución Educativa Consuelo Araujo Noguera en Valledupar, Cesar. El estudio estuvo enmarcado en el paradigma cualitativo, bajo el enfoque crítico reflexivo y su diseño se desarrolló dentro de la investigación acción pedagógica. La unidad de análisis quedó conformada por 114 estudiantes de los grados séptimo y 70 acudientes. Los resultados indicaron que, con la intervención, se logró recuperar los ambientes de la institución y la comunidad, gracias a la acción de los grupos ecológicos. Se concluye que se alcanzó a fomentar la cultura ambiental en los involucrados del proceso educativo; además, la actuación de los grupos ecológicos fue primordial para transformar la realidad de unos ambientes atrapados por los desechos sólidos y desforestados, por ambientes sanos, preservando la vida de la tierra y la salud de todos los involucrados.
AidToo, ein Störversuch. Strategien gegen sexualisierte Gewalt im Aid Business
Authors: Hacker Hanna
Published: March 2021

Der Beitrag betrachtet in queerfeministischer, postkolonialer und entwicklungskritischer Perspektive die Aufdeckungen sexualisierter Gewalt im aid business, wie sie mit der Veröffentlichung des einschlägigen „Skandals“ bei der britischen NGO Oxfam Ende 2017 begannen und 2018/19 unter dem Kürzel „AidToo“ international auf verschiedensten Ebenen verhandelt wurden. Die Analyse bezieht sich insbesondere auf drei Handlungsräume: zunächst auf feministischen Aktivismus, seine Strategie des speaking out und die Strukturen der Protestkampagne zu AidToo; weiters auf kritische und reflexive Debatten in Onlinemedien wie Twitter oder in den Blogs von „Smart Development“ und „AfricanFeminism“; und schließlich auf den Umgang betroffener Institutionen, vor allem Oxfam, mit den Aufdeckungen. Im Zentrum steht jeweils die Frage, wie die in AidToo involvierten Akteur*innen Sexualitäten, Körper, Normierungen und Normtransgressionen thematisierten oder dethematisierten. Deutlich werden dabei die Begrenztheiten und Widersprüche der untersuchten aktivistischen, medialen und institutionellen Strategien – aber auch die Wichtigkeit des Aufstörens und Aufschreckens, die politischen Kämpfe im Feld des so nachhaltig in Gewaltstrukturen eingelassenen aid business.
Dekolonisierung der Maya-Sexualitäten im Südosten Mexikos
Authors: de J. Solís Mecalco Rubén
Published: March 2021

Der Beitrag rekonstruiert die präkolonialen Geschlechterkonstruktionen, die die Maya in Yucatán/Mexiko als Ausdruck ihrer Kosmovision und Religiosität entwickelt haben. Diese sind durch die Komplementarität des Weiblichen und des Männlichen gekennzeichnet und beide notwendig, um ein kosmisches Gleichgewicht zu erreichen. Diese Kosmovision hat nicht nur weniger ungleiche Gesellschaften mit einer herausragenden Rolle von Frauen und nichtbinären Seinsweisen hervorgebracht. Mit ihren jeweiligen Veränderungen haben diese Geschlechterkonstruktionen auch den Jahrhunderten der Eroberung, Kolonisierung und Unabhängigkeit von Spanien widerstanden. Aus dieser Perspektive können die vielfältigen Sexualitäten, die bei den Maya im 21. Jahrhunderts beobachtet werden, nicht als ein Produkt der westlichen Moderne verstanden werden, sondern eher als ein Überbleibsel, dessen Wurzeln bis in frühere Zeiten zurückreichen. Ausgehend von den Geschlechterkonstruktionen der Maya für die Erforschung zeitgenössischer Sexualitäten bedeutet dies, gleichberechtigte Dialoge mit anderen Bevölkerungsgruppen zu führen, denen ebenfalls die koloniale hetero-patriarchalische Binarität aufgezwungen wurde, sowie mit westlichen Emanzipationsprozessen, einschließlich der Queer-Theorie.
Para-tert-butylcumene synthesis
Authors: Yarkina E. M. , Kurganova E. A. , Frolov A. S. , Koshel G. N. , Nesterova T. N. , Shakun V. A. , Spiridonov S. A.
Published: March 2021

Objectives. This study describes a new approach to obtain para-tert-butylcumene by alkylation of cumene with isobutylene in the presence of catalysts, such as Amberlyst 36 Dry, KU-2-8, aluminum chloride, and tert-butyl alcohol and concentrated sulfuric acid.

Methods. To determine the qualitative and quantitative composition of the compounds and reaction masses, the following analysis methods were used: gas–liquid chromatography (on the Kristall 2000M hardware-software complex), chromatomass spectrometry on an Agilent 6850 instrument equipped with an Agilent 19091S-433E capillary column (30 m × 250 μm × 0.25 μm), and nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy (on a Bruker DRX 400 instrument with an operating frequency of 400 MHz).

Results. A significant quantity of meta-tert-butylcumene was obtained by the alkylation of cumene with isobutylene using several catalysts, along with para-tert-butylcumene. This study also showed that the use of the catalysts Amberlyst 36 Dry and KU-2-8 during alkylation in a closed system (autoclave) led to the formation of isobutylene oligomers, often in quantity greater than the target reaction product. Simultaneously, the alkylation of cumene with tert-butyl alcohol in the presence of concentrated sulfuric acid enabled the obtainment of only one isomer, para-tertbutylcumene, which is essential for the further production of high-purity para-tert-butyl phenol.

Conclusions. Sulfuric acid alkylation of cumene with tert-butyl alcohol enabled the obtainment of an individual para-isomer of tert-butylcumene with a yield of 87–89% for the loaded tert-butyl-alcohol with a cumene conversion of ~30%.
New-generation osteoplastic materials based on biological and synthetic matrices
Authors: Lykoshin D. D. , Zaitsev V. V. , Kostromina M. A. , Esipov R. S.
Published: March 2021

Objectives. The purpose of this analytical review is to evaluate the market for osteoplastic materials and surgical implants, as well as study the features of new-generation materials and the results of clinical applications.

Methods. This review summarizes the volumes of research articles presented in the electronic database PubMed and eLIBRARY. A total of 129 scientific articles related to biological systems, calcium phosphate, polymer, and biocomposite matrices as carriers of pharmaceutical substances, primary recombinant protein osteoinductors, antibiotics, and biologically active chemical reagents were analyzed and summarized. The search depth was 10 years.

Results. Demineralized bone matrix constitutes 26% of all types of osteoplastic matrices used globally in surgical osteology, which includes neurosurgery, traumatology and orthopedics, dentistry, and maxillofacial and pediatric surgery. Among the matrices, polymer and biocomposite matrices are outstanding. Special attention is paid to the possibility of immobilizing osteogenic factors and target pharmaceutical substances on the scaffold material to achieve controlled and prolonged release at the site of surgical implantation. Polymeric and biocomposite materials can retard the release of pharmaceutical substances at the implantation site, promoting a decrease in the toxicity and an improvement in the therapeutic effect. The use of composite scaffolds of different compositions in vivo results in high osteogenesis, promotes the initialization of biomineralization, and enables the tuning of the degradation rate of the material.

Conclusions. Osteoplastic materials of various compositions in combination with drugs showed accelerated regeneration and mineralization of bone tissue in vivo, excluding systemic side reactions. Furthermore, although some materials have already been registered as commercial drugs, a plethora of unresolved problems remain. Due to the limited clinical studies of materials for use on humans, there is still an insufficient understanding of the toxicity of materials, time of their resorption, speed of drug delivery, and the possible long-term adverse effects of using implants of different compositions.
Chemical and technological aspects of increasing the functional characteristics of hard piezoceramics
Authors: Talanov M. V. , Marakhovskiy M. A.
Published: March 2021

Objectives. Ferroelectrically hard piezoelectric ceramics are in demand for high-power applications in piezotransformers, ultrasonic emitters, and piezo motors, which requires a combination of high piezoelectric characteristics and mechanical quality factors in it. The aim of this research was to reveal the main regularities in the microstructure and functional characteristic formation of ferroelectrically hard piezoceramics based on two widespread chemical systems, Pb(ZrxTi1-x)O3 and (Na1-xKx)NbO3, through various technological modes of production. In this study, two fundamentally different technological ways of forming a dense microstructure on the example of above systems have been employed to obtain the best set of dielectric, piezoelectric, and mechanical parameters for practical applications. In the case of lead-containing ceramics, various sintering technologies have been used, including conventional ceramic, hot pressing, and spark plasma sintering.

Methods. The microstructure of the piezoelectric ceramics was investigated using electron microscopy, and the functional characteristics were assessed in terms of mechanical and piezoelectric properties. The density values were determined by hydrostatic weighing in octane, the relative dielectric permittivity was measured using an LCR meter, and the values of the piezoelectric coefficient and mechanical quality factor were gathered using the resonance–antiresonance method.

Results. This research has identified that spark plasma sintering technology makes it possible to obtain high-density samples, which contain a homogeneous microstructure and double the figure-of-merit values, for use in high-power piezoelectric devices that operate at piezoresonance frequencies. It also found that the addition of a small amount of CuNb2O6 (x = 0.025) to lead-free solid solutions leads to the formation of a liquid phase during sintering, thereby creating a compacted microstructure with relative density values (96%) that have practical limitations in conventional ceramic technology. An increase in both the piezoelectric and mechanical properties, which leads to a twofold increase in the values of the quality indicator, was also observed.

Conclusions. It is possible to increase, and even to double, the functional characteristics of both lead-containing and lead-free ferroelectrically hard piezoceramics by varying the technology used in the manufacturing process. By using spark plasma sintering technology with lead-containing ceramics, it is possible to reduce the optimum sintering temperature by 200 °C and the sintering time by more than 20 times, thus reducing production costs.
Liquid mixtures separation and heat consumption in the process of distillation
Authors: Zakharov M. K. , Egorov A. V. , Podmetenny A. A.
Published: March 2021

Objectives. The aim of this study is to investigate different distillation modes of a binary ideal mixture and determine how various factors affect heat consumption in the column boilers. In addition, it intends to assess the difficulty of separating mixtures. Our research is based on analyzing the characteristics of vapor-liquid equilibrium.

Methods. To conduct our study, we used a graphic-analytical tool to calculate the distillation process of a binary mixture and mathematical models based on the Aspen Plus software package along with DSTWU, RadFrac, and the Sensitivity module. We also used the Peng-Robinson equation (PENG-ROB) to determine the liquid-vapor equilibrium.

Results. We employed the graphical method and mathematical models to obtain the operation parameters of two column variants for the distillation of binary ideal benzene-toluene mixtures. In each variant the initial mixture contained the same amount of the low- and high-boiling component. The number of plates in the column sections, reflux ratio, energy consumption, and indicators of internal energy saving were determined.

Conclusions. Study results show that using the coefficient of the component distribution between the vapor and liquid phases is a promising method for preliminary assessments of the separation difficulty and measurements of the expected heat consumption in the boilers of columns. Comparison studies showed that the heat consumption in the boiler decreases as the internal energy saving in the columns increases.
Development of the technique for quality control of 1,3-bis(3,4-dicyanophenoxy)benzene by HPLC
Authors: Shchekoldina Z. N. , Bogolyubov A. A. , Zakharov A. Yu. , Bulgakov B. A. , Babkin A. V. , Kepman A. V.
Published: March 2021

Objectives. Determination of target products and byproducts is necessary for the quality control of phthalonitrile monomer synthesis as well as production scaling and performing related kinetic studies. High-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) is a simple and affordable method for quantitative chemical analysis, which also verifies the quality of raw materials. The objective of this study was to develop an HPLC technique for determining the composition of the reaction mixture in the synthesis of 1,3-bis(3,4-dicyanophenoxy)benzene (DPB).

Methods. Reversed-phase HPLC was used to quantitatively analyze the reaction mixture.

Results. A simple and rapid method for the quantitative HPLC analysis of phthalonitrile monomers and their mixtures with reagents was developed. Reaction times and the accumulation of byproducts were also studied.

Conclusions. The successful performance of the developed technique allows us to recommend it for practical applications. The results obtained for reactors of different sizes have good convergence, and DPB synthesis was successfully scaled up to intermediate scale equipment.
Solution of tasks using recursive numbers generation
Authors: Dolinsky M. S.
Published: March 2021

The article describes the methodology to solve tasks of Olympiads in informatics using recursive numbers generation. The study is based on the sequential solution of increasingly complex tasks. For each task, the following materials are given: the condition of the task, the idea of the solution with a proposal to come up with an independent implementation, the solution in the Pascal programming language. Distance learning system DL.GSU.BY is the effective technical base for teaching. It allows offer the student a condition of the task; send the solution for review; get a verdict from the system — a correct or incorrect solution; for incorrect solutions, the number of the test on which the solution did not pass is indicated. A student can take a test (input and output data), on which his solution did not pass, figure out what the error is in his program, correct and send the solution again. In addition, for each task there is a link on it to the topic in the forum, where you can ask a question on solving this problem and / or read the answer if the questions have already been asked before.
Application of Video Demonstration and Education in the Recovery Period of Infants with Congenital Diaphragmatic Hernia after Discharge
Authors: Zhu Qian , Wang Yue , Hou Jieyi
Published: March 2021

Objective — To explore the application effect of video demonstration and education in the recovery period of infants with diaphragmatic hernia after discharge. Methods — 59 infants with congenital diaphragmatic hernia admitted to our department from January 2019 to December 2020 were selected as the research objects, and were divided into the control group and the study group according to the time of video demonstration and education. The control group was given routine discharge education and nursing; the study group was given video demonstration and education on the basis of routine nursing. The respiratory symptoms and weight changes of the two groups of infants, the Perceived Stress Scale (PSS) of the parents of the two groups of infants, and the mastery of nursing knowledge of the two groups of parents were compared. Results — Respiratory complications in the observation group were less than those in the control group; the weight of the infants on the day of discharge and one month after discharge was higher than that in the control group. The difference was statistically significant (P<0.05). The perceived pressure of parents in the observation group after discharge was lower than that in the control group; the parents of the observation group had higher knowledge of nursing than the control group. The difference was statistically significant (P<0.05). Conclusion — Video health education and education by broadcasting videos can effectively improve the mental health of the mothers of infants and reduce the incidence of complications. It is worthy of clinical use.