bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
A PECULIAR EPISODE FROM THE ‘STRUGGLE OF THE ORDERS’? LIVY AND THE LICINIO-SEXTIAN ROGATIONS
Authors: Pellam Gregory
Published: April 2014

The struggle for and passage of the so-called Licinio-Sextian rogations of 367b.c.is generally regarded as the climactic moment of the ‘struggle of the orders’. According to Livy, this year saw the ratification of a package of three laws. One limited possession of land. Another required that all money having been paid toward the interest on a debt be counted against the principal, and that the remainder of the debt be paid off in three annual instalments. The third law, which has received far the most attention in the sources and in modern scholarship, ended the practice of the annual election oftribuni militum consulari potestate, restoring the two-man consulship and requiring that one of the two consuls each year come from theplebs.The centrality of the struggle over these laws in Livy's account of the fourth century and their obvious effect, as reflected in thefastiby the subsequent election of two consuls every year, have led scholars to accept as genuine the tradition that an important reform of the Roman constitution took place in this year. However, every element of the laws, and of the narrative of how those laws came to be, has come under the scrutiny of modern scholarship. The most thoroughgoing of these criticisms is that offered by von Fritz, who argued that Livy and his sources completely misunderstood the tradition that they were interpreting.
PHERECRATES FR. 60: SPINY FISH-HEADS, BUT NO SCRAPS
Authors: Olson S. Douglas
Published: April 2014

The scholia to Wasps gloss τραχήλια variously as τὰ ἄκρα καὶ τὰ εὐτελῆ κρέα (‘cheap trimmings of meat’), τὰ ἀποβαλλόμενα τῶν ὄψων (‘discarded scraps of prepared dishes’), ὀστράκιόν τι βραχὺ τελέως (‘a tiny bit of bone’), and εὐτελὲς προσόψημα ἐν λοπαδίσκοις σκευαζόμενον (‘a cheap side-dish prepared in small pans’). These might all be guesses, but the absence of the definite article in the original text shows that Bdelycleon's reference is to something more generic than ‘the backbones’ in the next verse. The ancient commentators were thus probably right not to interpret the word ‘bits of neck’, vel sim., as if this were a diminutive of τράχηλος (‘neck’ or ‘head and neck’). Instead, these must be ‘tail-ends’ of food, scraps and leftovers of a sort that might be fed to a dog; compare Hippocrates, Epidemiae 7.62 (v.428.7 Littré), where βόεια τραχήλια (‘beef tit-bits’, vel sim.) are mentioned along with ham as part of the diet of a man recovering from illness.
ON THE TEXT OF THEOPHRASTUS FR. 717 FORTENBAUGH
Authors: Raffa Massimo
Published: April 2014

The overall sense is clear enough: the Pythagoreans called the fourth συλλαβή, the fifth δι' ὀξειᾶν and the octave ἁρμονία. We are also told that the octave is a σύστημα, which is a musical structure resulting from an acceptable combination of two or more smaller intervals – in this case, of a fourth and a fifth. But the received text appears problematic: in particular, the double accusative τὴν δὲ διὰ πασῶν … ἁρμονίαν occurring in connection with the dative τῷ συστήματι seems quite difficult to account for. The phrase is perhaps to be taken as meaning that the Pythagoreans ‘posed’ or ‘defined’ the octave as ἁρμονία ‘because of the σύστημα’; nevertheless, the syntax still sounds troubled and, as Andrew Barker has suggested, the text is very likely to be corrupt in some way. An easy emendation would be τὴν δὲ διὰ πασῶν τῷ σύστημα <εἶναι> … (‘they defined the octave as ἁρμονία because of its being a σύστημα, as Theophrastus also said’). The corruption could have taken place in two steps, the accidental loss of εἶναι having caused the correction of the ungrammatical τῷ σύστημα into the dative case.
HELLENISTIC ARMING IN THEBATRACHOMYOMACHIA
Authors: Kelly Adrian
Published: April 2014

Scholarship has long argued that theBatrachomyomachia(BM) is to be dated to the Hellenistic period or later, but the question of its literary affiliations in this context has only recently been addressed. Usually considered an example of παρωιδία, the poem is a unique example of that genre in several respects, including the extent to which it develops its own formularity rather than merely mirroring the Homeric exemplar with minimal change, and the fact that it was passed off as the work of Homer himself instead of being self-consciously distanced from the parodied author. It is therefore fitting that theBMis also unusual for ancient parody in dealing with the scholarly discourse surrounding its primary exemplar. This note offers, as an(other) example of this tendency, theBM's engagement with the Homeric arming scene, and its reception in Hellenistic poetry and scholarship.
AN(OTHER) EPITAPH FOR TRIMALCHIO: SAT. 30.2
Authors: Roth Ulrike
Published: April 2014

Trimalchio's fabulous epitaph, recited in full by Petronius’ colourful host towards the end of the Cena (Sat. 71.12), has long attracted abundant comment. Similarly, allusions to the underworld in much of the decoration leading to and in Trimalchio's dining room have been the object of intense scholarly discussion of the freedman's morbid characterization. In consequence, it is now accepted that epitaph and funereal allusions make for a deliberate mirage of the netherworld – so much so that ‘… Trimalchio's home is in some sense to be regarded as a house of the dead’. As John Bodel has shown, ‘Petronius signalled his intention to portray Trimalchio's home as an underworld earlier in the episode’. Examples for this include the procession from the baths to Trimalchio's house that preceded the banquet (Sat. 28.4–5) – ‘resembling nothing so much as a Roman cortege’, and the wall paintings in the porticus of Trimalchio's house which made Encolpius stop and pause, as Aeneas had done at the Temple of Apollo at Cumae (Sat. 29.1). The example of the pairing of the Cerberus-like watchdog encountered by Encolpius and friends during their escape (Sat. 72.7) and the painted dog in Trimalchio's vestibule that frightened Encolpius upon his arrival (Sat. 29.1) makes it moreover clear that Petronius engaged in some elaborate ring composition concerning Trimalchio's portrayal as a dead man walking. It is surprising, then, that Petronius should have failed to square the circle as regards Trimalchio's epitaph: Sat. 71.12 appears to lack an earlier match – and this despite the fact that a visitor to a Roman tomb might well expect to be informed about the name of the deceased, and perhaps a few other details, at the moment of entering the tomb.
Existence, Stability and Oscillation Properties of Slow-Decay Positive Solutions of Supercritical Elliptic Equations with Hardy Potential
Authors: Moroz Vitaly , van Schaftingen Jean
Published: April 2014

We prove the existence of a family of slow-decay positive solutions of a supercritical elliptic equation with Hardy potential

and study the stability and oscillation properties of these solutions. We also show that if the equation on ℝN has a stable slow-decay positive solution, then for any smooth compact K ⊂ ℝN a family of the exterior Dirichlet problems in ℝN \ K admits a continuum of stable slow-decay infinite-energy solutions.
On Fano Varieties with Torus Action of Complexity 1
Authors: Herppich Elaine
Published: April 2014

In this work we provide effective bounds and classification results for rational ℚ-factorial Fano varieties with a complexity-one torus action and Picard number 1 depending on the two invariants dimension and Picard index. This complements earlier work by Hausenet al., where the case of a free divisor class group of rank 1 was treated.
Sequences of Weak Solutions for Non-Local Elliptic Problems with Dirichlet Boundary Condition
Authors: Bisci Giovanni Molica , Pizzimenti Pasquale F.
Published: April 2014

In this paper the existence of infinitely many solutions for a class of Kirchhoff-type problems involving the p-Laplacian, with p > 1, is established. By using variational methods, we determine unbounded real intervals of parameters such that the problems treated admit either an unbounded sequence of weak solutions, provided that the nonlinearity has a suitable behaviour at ∞, or a pairwise distinct sequence of weak solutions that strongly converges to 0 if a similar behaviour occurs at 0. Some comparisons with several results in the literature are pointed out. The last part of the work is devoted to the autonomous elliptic Dirichlet problem.
UNDERSTANDING LOW UPTAKE OF MASS TREATMENT FOR INTESTINAL SCHISTOSOMIASIS AMONG SCHOOL CHILDREN: A QUALITATIVE STUDY IN JINJA DISTRICT, UGANDA
Authors: MUHUMUZA SIMON , OLSEN ANNETTE , NUWAHA FRED , KATAHOIRE ANNE
Published: April 2014

Despite attempts to control intestinal schistosomiasis through school-based mass drug administration (MDA) with praziquantel using school teachers in Uganda, less than 30% of the school children take the treatment in some areas. The aim of the study was to understand why the uptake of praziquantel among school children is low and to suggest strategies for improved uptake. This was a cross-sectional qualitative study in which 24 focus group discussions and 15 key informant interviews were conducted 2 months after MDA. The focus group discussions were held with school children in twelve primary schools and the key informant interviews were held with school teachers, sub-county health assistants and the District Vector Control Officer. The study shows that the low uptake of praziquantel among school children is a result of a complex interplay between individual, interpersonal, institutional, community and public policy factors. The individual and interpersonal factors underpinning the low uptake include inadequate information about schistosomiasis prevention, beliefs and attitudes in the community about treatment of schistosomiasis and shared concerns among children and teachers about the side-effects of praziquantel, especially when the drug is taken on an empty stomach. The institutional, policy and community factors include inadequate preparation and facilitation of teachers and the school feeding policy, which requires parents to take responsibility for providing their children with food while at school, yet many parents cannot meet the cost of a daily meal due to the prevailing poverty in the area. It is concluded that strategies to improve uptake of praziquantel among school children need to be multi-pronged addressing not only the preparation and motivation of teachers and health education for children, but also the economic and political aspects of drug distribution, including the school feeding policy.
Cognitive content specificity in anxiety and depressive disorder symptoms: a twin study of cross-sectional associations with anxiety sensitivity dimensions across development
Authors: Brown H. M. , Waszczuk M. A. , Zavos H. M. S. , Trzaskowski M. , Gregory A. M. , Eley T. C.
Published: April 2014

Background.

The classification of anxiety and depressive disorders has long been debated and has important clinical implications. The present study combined a genetically sensitive design and multiple time points to investigate cognitive content specificity in anxiety and depressive disorder symptoms across anxiety sensitivity dimensions, a cognitive distortion implicated in both disorders.

Method.

Phenotypic and genetic correlations between anxiety sensitivity dimensions, anxiety and depressive disorder symptoms were examined at five waves of data collection within childhood, adolescence and early adulthood in two representative twin studies (n pairs = 300 and 1372).

Results.

The physical concerns dimension of anxiety sensitivity (fear of bodily symptoms) was significantly associated with anxiety but not depression at all waves. Genetic influences on physical concerns overlapped substantially more with anxiety than depression. Conversely, mental concerns (worry regarding cognitive control) were phenotypically more strongly associated with depression than anxiety. Social concerns (fear of publicly observable symptoms of anxiety) were associated with both anxiety and depression in adolescence. Genetic influences on mental and social concerns were shared to a similar extent with both anxiety and depression.

Conclusions.

Phenotypic patterns of cognitive specificity and broader genetic associations between anxiety sensitivity dimensions, anxiety and depressive disorder symptoms were similar at all waves. Both disorder-specific and shared cognitive concerns were identified, suggesting it is appropriate to classify anxiety and depression as distinct but related disorders and confirming the clinical perspective that cognitive therapy is most likely to benefit by targeting cognitive concerns relating specifically to the individual's presenting symptoms across development.
An ABC of drumming: children's narratives about beat, rhythm and groove in a primary classroom
Authors: Mackinlay Elizabeth
Published: April 2014

In this paper, I use a bricolage of arts-based research and writing practices to explore narratives by Grade 4 children about their experiences in a drumming circle called ‘Bam Bam’ as represented in a text they created with me called An ABC of drumming. The term ‘narrative’ is used here in a contemporary sense to simultaneously invoke a socially and musically situated and constructed story (Chase, 2005 p. 657); as an ‘account to self and others’ (Barrett & Stauffer, 2009, p. 7) about drumming in a particular place, with a particular group of children during a particular set of events; and, to explore narratives of drumming as the ‘shared relational work’ of myself as a drummer, teacher, researcher and ‘story-teller/story-liver’ (Connelly & Clandinin, 1990, p. 12) alongside the children. In synchronicity with the ABC of drumming produced by the children, the paper itself is framed and written creatively around letters of the alphabet and variously includes poetry and data or research poetry; ethnographic ‘thick descriptions’ (Geertz, 1973) of our drumming circle; and, visual and textual expressions by the children. By doing so, my aim is to move collectively from ‘narrative as a “story-presented” to narrative as a “form of meaning-making”, indeed, a form of “mind-making”’ (Barrett & Stauffer, 2009, p. 10) about the children's experience of drumming and the drumming circle itself. The central question underpinning this paper then is, what makes children's experience in a drumming circle meaningful, and how do they make sense of such meaning?
TIME IRREVERSIBLE COPULA-BASED MARKOV MODELS
Authors: Beare Brendan K. , Seo Juwon
Published: April 2014

Economic and financial time series frequently exhibit time irreversible dynamics. For instance, there is considerable evidence of asymmetric fluctuations in many macroeconomic and financial variables, and certain game theoretic models of price determination predict asymmetric cycles in price series. In this paper, we make two primary contributions to the econometric literature on time reversibility. First, we propose a new test of time reversibility, applicable to stationary Markov chains. Compared to existing tests, our test has the advantage of being consistent against arbitrary violations of reversibility. Second, we explain how a circulation density function may be used to characterize the nature of time irreversibility when it is present. We propose a copula-based estimator of the circulation density and verify that it is well behaved asymptotically under suitable regularity conditions. We illustrate the use of our time reversibility test and circulation density estimator by applying them to five years of Canadian gasoline price markup data.
MEASUREMENT ERROR AND DECONVOLUTION IN SPACES OF GENERALIZED FUNCTIONS
Authors: Zinde-Walsh Victoria
Published: April 2014

This paper considers convolution equations that arise from problems such as measurement error and nonparametric regression with errors in variables with independence conditions. The equations are examined in spaces of generalized functions to account for possible singularities; this makes it possible to consider densities for arbitrary and not only absolutely continuous distributions, and to operate with Fourier transforms for polynomially growing regression functions. Results are derived for identification and well-posedness in the topology of generalized functions for the deconvolution problem and for some regression models. Conditions for consistency of plug-in estimation for these models are provided.
Compression of the superior caval vein by an aneurysmal right pulmonary artery in a patient with absent pulmonary valve syndrome
Authors: Murakami Tomoaki , Saito Yuko , Nakajima Hiromichi
Published: April 2014

We report a unique case of compression of the superior caval vein by an aneurysmal right pulmonary artery in a patient with tetralogy of Fallot with absent pulmonary valve.
Vitamin D deficiency in minority populations
Authors: Taksler Glen B , Cutler David M , Giovannucci Edward , Keating Nancy L
Published: April 2014

Objective

Black and Hispanic individuals synthesize less vitamin D per unit of sun exposure than white individuals. The relationship between UV radiation and vitamin D insufficiency in minorities has not been well explored.

Design

Prospective cohort study.

Setting

Using the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey, we obtained serum vitamin D levels for non-Hispanic Whites, Hispanics and non-Hispanic Blacks aged ≥18 years from 2000–2006. We linked these data with the average monthly solar UV index by census tract and data on sun exposure, vitamin D supplementation, health and demographics. We used multivariable regression analyses to assess vitamin D deficiency (<15 ng/ml) and insufficiency (<20 ng/ml) in January (when the UV index was lowest) by race/ethnicity and geography.

Subjects

Adults (n 14 319) aged ≥18 years.

Results

A 1-point increase in the UV index was associated with a 0·51 ng/ml increase in vitamin D (95 % CI 0·35, 0·67 ng/ml; P<0·001). Non-Hispanic Black race and Hispanic ethnicity were associated with a 7·47 and 3·41 ng/ml decrease in vitamin D, respectively (both P<0·001). In January, an estimated 65·4 % of non-Hispanic Blacks were deficient in vitamin D, compared with 28·9 % of Hispanics and 14·0 % of non-Hispanic Whites. An estimated 84·2 % of non-Hispanic Blacks were insufficient in vitamin D v. 56·3 % of Hispanics and 34·8 % of non-Hispanic Whites. More non-Hispanic Blacks were estimated to be deficient in vitamin D in January in the highest UV index quartile than were non-Hispanic Whites in the lowest UV index quartile (60·2 % v. 25·7 %).

Conclusions

Wintertime vitamin D insufficiency is pervasive among minority populations, and not uncommon among non-Hispanic Whites.
Depressive Symptoms and Suicidal Ideation in Adolescents Accompanying a Parent in Recyclable Trash Collection
Authors: Etcheverry Gabriela B. , Pereira Érico F. , Cordeiro Mara L.
Published: April 2014

The relationship between mental health and poverty has been well documented in adults. However, few studies have addressed how low socioeconomic status and psychosocial vulnerabilities may influence depressive symptoms in adolescents. The current study was carried out in a non-randomly selected sample of 239 adolescents whose parents work as ragpickers (waste collectors for recycling) in Brazil. In-person interviews were conducted, and the presence of depressive symptoms and suicidal ideation were assessed using the Children’s Depression Inventory (CDI). We observed that 23% (CI±5.34) of the adolescents presented with depressive symptoms and 35% (CI±6.05) had suicidal ideation. Fatigue or loss of energy (p= .012) and irritable mood (p= .013) were significantly higher among boys than girls according to DSM-IV criteria. However, we found no gender differences in DSM-IV criteria for Major Depressive Disorders (MDD) or Dysthymic Disorder (DD) in diminished interest or pleasure, weight loss or weight gain, decreased appetite, sleep problems, feelings of worthlessness, diminished concentration or ability to think, recurrent thoughts of death, suicidal ideation, or low self-esteem. There were no significant gender differences in total CDI score, however a greater percentage of girls presented with depressed mood than boys (29.9% vs. 17.1%,p< .05).
Relationship between Self-Focused Attention and Mindfulness in People
with and without Hallucination Proneness
Authors: Perona-Garcelán Salvador , García-Montes José M. , López-Jiménez Ana Mª , Rodríguez-Testal Juan Francisco , Ruiz-Veguilla Miguel , Ductor-Recuerda María Jesús , Benítez-Hernández María del Mar , Arias-Velarde Mª Ángeles , Gómez-Gómez María Teresa , Pérez-Álvarez Marino
Published: April 2014

The purpose of this work was to study the relationship between self-focused
attention and mindfulness in participants prone to hallucinations and others who
were not. A sample of 318 healthy participants, students at the universities of
Sevilla and Almería, was given the Launay-Slade Hallucinations
Scale-revised (LSHS-R, Bentall & Slade, 1985). Based on this sample, two groups were formed:
participants with high (n = 55) and low proneness
(n = 28) to hallucinations. Participants with a
score higher than a standard deviation from the mean in the LSHS-R were included
in the high proneness group, participants with a score lower than a standard
deviation from the mean in the LSHR-R were included in the second one. All
participants were also given the Self-Absorption Scale (SAS, McKenzie
& Hoyle, 2008) and the
Southampton Mindfulness Questionnaire (SMQ, Chadwick et al., 2008). The results showed that
participants with high hallucination proneness had significantly higher levels
of public (t(80) = 6.81, p
< .001) and private (t(77) = 7.39,
p < .001) self-focused attention and lower levels
of mindfulness (t(81) = -4.56, p
< .001) than participants in the group with low hallucination
proneness. A correlational analysis showed a negative association between
self-focused attention (private and public) and mindfulness (r
= -0.23, p < .001; r
= -0.38, p < .001 respectively). Finally,
mindfulness was found to partly mediate between self-focused attention and
hallucination proneness. The importance of self-focused attention and
mindfulness in understanding the etiology of hallucinations discussed and
suggest some approaches to their treatment.
Lassen's Equation is a Good Approximation of Permeability-Surface Model: New α Values for 99mTc-HMPAO and 99mTc-ECD
Authors: Kameyama Masashi
Published: April 2014

Brain perfusion tracers like [99mTc] d,l-hexamethyl-propyeneamine oxime (99mTc-HMPAO) and [99mTc] ethyl-cysteinate dimer (99mTc-ECD) underestimate regional cerebral blood flow (rCBF) at high flow values. To improve linearity between tracer accumulation and rCBF, two different models have been proposed. One is Lassen's correction algorithm for back-diffusion of tracer, and the other is based on the permeability-surface (PS) model for correction of low first-pass extraction. Although both these models have the same goal, they have completely different forms of equation. It was demonstrated that mathematical approximation of the PS model equation leads to Lassen's equation. In this process, the relationship between PS, CBF values and Lassen's parameter was acquired, and how to correct both the back-diffusion and low first-pass extraction was also demonstrated. A computer simulation confirmed that the two models provided similar consequences when the parameter value is chosen according to the relationship found. Lassen's equation can be used to correct not only back-diffusion but also low first-pass extraction. To perform overall correction, the parameter value we have been using for decades may be too weak. I estimated that the parameter value for overall correction of HMPAO would be around 0.5, and that of ECD would be around 0.65.
Determination of Vessel Cross-Sectional Area by Thresholding in Radon Space
Authors: Gao Yu-Rong , Drew Patrick J
Published: April 2014

The cross-sectional area of a blood vessel determines its resistance, and thus is a regulator of local blood flow. However, the cross-sections of penetrating vessels in the cortex can be non-circular, and dilation and constriction can change the shape of the vessels. We show that observed vessel shape changes can introduce large errors in flux calculations when using a single diameter measurement. Because of these shape changes, typical diameter measurement approaches, such as the full-width at half-maximum (FWHM) that depend on a single diameter axis will generate erroneous results, especially when calculating flux. Here, we present an automated method—thresholding in Radon space (TiRS)—for determining the cross-sectional area of a convex object, such as a penetrating vessel observed with two-photon laser scanning microscopy (2PLSM). The thresholded image is transformed back to image space and contiguous pixels are segmented. The TiRS method is analogous to taking the FWHM across multiple axes and is more robust to noise and shape changes than FWHM and thresholding methods. We demonstrate the superior precision of the TiRS method with in vivo 2PLSM measurements of vessel diameter.
Chemical control of electrical contact to sp2 carbon atoms
Authors: Frederiksen Thomas , Foti Giuseppe , Scheurer Fabrice , Speisser Virginie , Schull Guillaume
Published: April 2014

Carbon-based nanostructures are attracting tremendous interest as components in ultrafast electronics and optoelectronics. The electrical interfaces to these structures play a crucial role for the electron transport, but the lack of control at the atomic scale can hamper device functionality and integration into operating circuitry. Here we study a prototype carbon-based molecular junction consisting of a single C60 molecule and probe how the electric current through the junction depends on the chemical nature of the foremost electrode atom in contact with the molecule. We find that the efficiency of charge injection to a C60 molecule varies substantially for the considered metallic species, and demonstrate that the relative strength of the metal-C bond can be extracted from our transport measurements. Our study further suggests that a single-C60 junction is a basic model to explore the properties of electrical contacts to meso- and macroscopic sp2 carbon structures.
Adjustment of microbial nitrogen use efficiency to carbon:nitrogen imbalances regulates soil nitrogen cycling
Authors: Mooshammer Maria , Wanek Wolfgang , Hämmerle Ieda , Fuchslueger Lucia , Hofhansl Florian , Knoltsch Anna , Schnecker Jörg , Takriti Mounir , Watzka Margarete , Wild Birgit , Keiblinger Katharina M , Zechmeister-Boltenstern Sophie , Richter Andreas
Published: April 2014

Microbial nitrogen use efficiency (NUE) describes the partitioning of organic N taken up between growth and the release of inorganic N to the environment (that is, N mineralization), and is thus central to our understanding of N cycling. Here we report empirical evidence that microbial decomposer communities in soil and plant litter regulate their NUE. We find that microbes retain most immobilized organic N (high NUE), when they are N limited, resulting in low N mineralization. However, when the metabolic control of microbial decomposers switches from N to C limitation, they release an increasing fraction of organic N as ammonium (low NUE). We conclude that the regulation of NUE is an essential strategy of microbial communities to cope with resource imbalances, independent of the regulation of microbial carbon use efficiency, with significant effects on terrestrial N cycling.
Experimental demonstration of enhanced photon recycling in angle-restricted GaAs solar cells
Authors: Kosten Emily D. , Kayes Brendan M. , Atwater Harry A.
Published: April 2014

Enhanced open-circuit voltage demonstrated in a high quality GaAs solar cell by limiting the angles of emitted light from the cell.
Facile synthesis of Rh–Pd alloy nanodendrites as highly active and durable electrocatalysts for oxygen reduction reaction
Authors: Qi Yue , Wu Jianbo , Zhang Hui , Jiang Yingying , Jin Chuanhong , Fu Maoshen , Yang Hong , Yang Deren
Published: April 2014

Rh–Pd alloy nanodendrites were synthesized and exhibited substantially enhanced performance for oxygen reduction reaction relative to commercial Pt/C.
Phase stability, hardness and bond characteristics of ruthenium borides from first-principles
Authors: Pan Y. , Zheng W. T. , Xu K. , Luo X. M. , Li W. , Yang Y. C.
Published: April 2014

The structural stability, elastic modulus, hardness and electronic structure of RuB2−x (0 ≤ x ≤ 2) borides are systematically investigated using a first-principles approach.
A carbon nanotube-based Raman-imaging immunoassay for evaluating tumor targeting ligands
Authors: Bajaj Pooja , Mikoryak Carole , Wang Ruhung , Bushdiecker II David K. , Memon Pauras , Draper Rockford K. , Dieckmann Gregg R. , Pantano Paul , Musselman Inga H.
Published: April 2014

Distribution of membrane receptors using targeting antibody immunoassay: (a) optical image; (b) G-band signal of carbon nanotubes as Raman label.
A very simple and fast analytical method for atmospheric particulate-bound mercury determination
Authors: Ferlin Stacy , Fostier Anne Hélène , Javier Melendez-Perez Jose
Published: April 2014

Glass fiber filters analyzed by a combustion-AAS technique: no sample preparation; no contamination risks; method validated by the U.S. EPA standard method.
A stable, pillar-layer metal–organic framework containing uncoordinated carboxyl groups for separation of transition metal ions
Authors: Meng Xing , Zhong Rong-Lin , Song Xue-Zhi , Song Shu-Yan , Hao Zhao-Min , Zhu Min , Zhao Shu-Na , Zhang Hong-Jie
Published: April 2014

A 3D pillar-layer framework with uncoordinated carboxyl groups can selectively adsorb Cu2+ ions and has been applied as a chromatographic column for separating Cu2+/Co2+ ions.
Cu(i)-mediated 18F-trifluoromethylation of arenes: Rapid synthesis of 18F-labeled trifluoromethyl arenes
Authors: Rühl T. , Rafique W. , Lien V. T. , Riss P. J.
Published: April 2014

An efficient, CuI-mediated method for the radiosynthesis of [18F]trifluoromethyl arenes, abundant motifs in small molecule drug candidates and potential radiotracers for positron emission tomography starting from [18F]fluoride ions is described.
Solvent free selective dehydrogenation of indolic and carbazolic molecules with an iridium pincer catalyst
Authors: Brayton Daniel F. , Jensen Craig M.
Published: April 2014

A previously known iridium POCOP pincer catalyst was found to selectively dehydrogenate the heterocyclic portion of several indolic and carbazolic molecules.
Post-synthetic metalation of metal–organic frameworks
Authors: Evans Jack D. , Sumby Christopher J. , Doonan Christian J.
Published: April 2014

Post-synthetic metalation (PSMet) offers expansive scope for a targeted approach to tailoring the properties of MOFs.
Nickel-based solid catalysts for ethylene oligomerization – a review
Authors: Finiels Annie , Fajula François , Hulea Vasile
Published: April 2014

The properties of Ni-based inorganic porous materials and their catalytic performance in ethylene oligomerization are reviewed.
Colloidal assemblies of oriented maghemite nanocrystals and their NMR relaxometric properties
Authors: Kostopoulou Athanasia , Velu Sabareesh K. P. , Thangavel Kalaivani , Orsini Francesco , Brintakis Konstantinos , Psycharakis Stylianos , Ranella Anthi , Bordonali Lorenzo , Lappas Alexandros , Lascialfari Alessandro
Published: April 2014

1H-NMR relaxometric experiments over an extended frequency range show that ferrimagnetic colloidal nanoclusters exhibit enhanced transverse relaxivity, r2.
Synthesis of 4′-deoxy-4′-fluoro neamine and 4′-deoxy-4′-fluoro 4′-epineamine
Authors: Hanessian Stephen , Saavedra Oscar M. , Vilchis-Reyes Miguel A. , Llaguno-Rueda Ana M.
Published: April 2014

The syntheses of 4′-deoxy-4′-fluoro neamine and 4′-deoxy-4′-fluoro 4′-epineamine from the readily available neamine and paromamine are described.
New glycopolymers as multivalent systems for lectin recognition
Authors: Fiore Michele , Berthet Nathalie , Renaudet Olivier , Barbier Valessa
Published: April 2014

New types of glycopolymers have been designed and evaluated as multivalent systems for lectin recognition.
Structure–property relationships of water adsorption in metal–organic frameworks
Authors: Canivet Jérôme , Bonnefoy Jonathan , Daniel Cécile , Legrand Alexandre , Coasne Benoit , Farrusseng David
Published: April 2014

Among porous solids, MOFs exhibit a wealth of water adsorption behaviors.
Diagnostic nanoparticle targeting of the EGF-receptor in complex biological conditions using single-domain antibodies
Authors: Zarschler K. , Prapainop K. , Mahon E. , Rocks L. , Bramini M. , Kelly P. M. , Stephan H. , Dawson K. A.
Published: April 2014

Nanoparticles functionalized with single domain antibodies are shown to specifically target the EGF receptor in vitro. We investigate the effects on uptake and specificity when increasing the environmental serum toward more in vivo "realistic" concentrations.
Facile preparation of Pd nanoparticles supported on single-layer graphene oxide and application for the Suzuki–Miyaura cross-coupling reaction
Authors: Yamamoto Shun-ichi , Kinoshita Hiroshi , Hashimoto Hideki , Nishina Yuta
Published: April 2014

Pd nanoparticles supported on single layer graphene oxide (Pd-slGO) were prepared by gentle heating of palladium(ii) acetate (Pd(OAc)2) and GO in ethanol that served as a mild reductant of the Pd precursor.
Advanced use of high-performance liquid chromatography for synthesis of controlled metal clusters
Authors: Niihori Yoshiki , Matsuzaki Miku , Uchida Chihiro , Negishi Yuichi
Published: April 2014

This study reveals the advanced use of a separation method of metal clusters protected with two kinds of ligands, which involves a combination of reverse-phase HPLC and mobile-phase substitution.
Site-specific growth of a Pt shell on Au nanoplates: tailoring their surface plasmonic behavior
Authors: Jang Hee-Jeong , Hong Soonchang , Ham Songyi , Shuford Kevin L. , Park Sungho
Published: April 2014

We synthesized shape-controllable Au@Pt nanoplates via rim-preferential or uniform growth of Pt. Depending on the shape of the Pt shell, their aspect ratio and surface plasmon resonance band were tunable.
Synthesis of 1-amino-2-aroyl/acetylnaphthalenes through a base mediated one pot inter and intramolecular C–C bond formation strategy
Authors: Singh Surjeet , Yadav Pratik , Sahu Satya Narayan , Althagafi Ismail , Kumar Abhinav , Kumar Brijesh , Ram Vishnu Ji , Pratap Ramendra
Published: April 2014

Base mediated synthesis of highly functionalized aroyl/acetylnaphthalenes by the reaction of 2-(1-cyano-2,2-bis(methylthio)vinyl)benzonitrile and aryl methyl ketone or acetone has been reported.
Synthesis of benzofuro[2,3-c]pyridines via a one-pot three-component reaction
Authors: Hu Jiaxing , Deng Zhihong , Zhang Xueqiong , Zhang Fanglin , Zheng Hua
Published: April 2014

A convenient one-pot synthesis of polysubstituted benzofuro[2,3-c]pyridines by three-component is developed. It provides a flexible and rapid synthetic route for the construction of benzofuro[2,3-c]pyridines under mild and metal-free reaction conditions in moderate to good yields (up to 83%).
Emulsion click microspheres: morphology/shape control by surface cross-linking and a porogen
Authors: Guo Jinshan , Zhou Dongfang , Hu Jianqing , Chen Xuesi , Jing Xiabin , Huang Yubin
Published: April 2014

Click chemistry was applied to prepare emulsion microspheres (MSs), to realize in situ cross-linking and bioconjugation in the same system. The morphology/shape of the MSs can be adjusted by applying surface click cross-linking and a porogen simultaneously.
WS2 nanoparticles – potential replacement for ZDDP and friction modifier additives
Authors: Ratoi M. , Niste V. B. , Zekonyte J.
Published: April 2014

WS2 nanoparticles possess remarkable tribological and physicochemical properties, which recommend them as potential candidates for replacing problematic additives.
Effective hydrodechlorination of 4-chlorophenol catalysed by magnetic palladium/reduced graphene oxide under mild conditions
Authors: Ren Yanlin , Fan Guangyin , Jiang Weidong , Xu Bin , Liu Fuan
Published: April 2014

Magnetic palladium/reduced graphene oxide nanocomposites (Pd/rGO-Fe3O4) were prepared by depositing Pd nanoparticles on an rGO-Fe3O4magnetic support.
Platinum decorated hierarchical top-porous/bottom-tubular TiO2 arrays for enhanced gas phase photocatalytic activity
Authors: Yuan Dandan , Gao Yang , Wu Hongjun , Xiao Tongxin , Wang Yang , Wang Baohui , Zhang Zhonghai
Published: April 2014

Pt nanoparticles were successfully loaded on hierarchical TiO2 nanotube arrays for efficient decomposition of gas phase pollutants.
Prospective chemistry teachers' mental models of vapor pressure
Authors: Tümay Halil
Published: April 2014

The main purpose of this study was to identify prospective chemistry teachers' mental models of vapor pressure. The study involved 85 students in the Chemistry Teacher Training Department of a state university in Turkey. Participants' mental models of vapor pressure were explored using a concept test that involved qualitative comparison tasks. Additionally, 18 participants were interviewed to explore the mental models that emerged more deeply. The researcher analyzed responses using the constant comparative method to document participants' mental models and associated reasoning patterns in sufficient detail to be of practical use to instructors. Initial analysis of the data revealed that participants have many misconceptions about vapor pressure, which are similar to those reported in the literature. A more detailed constant comparative analysis revealed that these misconceptions derived mainly from three faulty mental models of vapor pressure: (1) vapor pressure of a liquid depends on the total number of vapor particles; (2) once the liquid–vapor equilibrium is established, the number of vapor particles is fixed and does not change regardless of the external effects on the system; and (3) vapor pressure is exerted only onto the surface of the liquid. The results have practical implications for teaching vapor pressure and science in general. By eliciting the underlying mental models of vapor pressure, these findings provide valuable insights for effective instructional interventions to address misconceptions.
Fabrication of locally thinned down silicon nanowires
Authors: Tran Duy Phu , Wolfrum Bernhard , Stockmann Regina , Offenhäusser Andreas , Thierry Benjamin
Published: April 2014

A new top-down fabrication process is described to prepare at the wafer-scale locally thinned down silicon nanowire field-effect devices.
Change of variables as a method to study general β-models: Bulk universality
Authors: Shcherbina M.
Published: April 2014

We consider β matrix models with real analytic potentials. Assuming that the corresponding equilibrium density ρ has a one-interval support (without loss of generality σ = [−2, 2]), we study the transformation of the correlation functions after the change of variables λi → ζ(λi) with ζ(λ) chosen from the equation ζ′(λ)ρ(ζ(λ)) = ρsc(λ), where ρsc(λ) is the standard semicircle density. This gives us the “deformed” β-model which has an additional “interaction” term. Standard transformation with the Gaussian integral allows us to show that the “deformed” β-model may be reduced to the standard Gaussian β-model with a small perturbation n−1h(λ). This reduces most of the problems of local and global regimes for β-models to the corresponding problems for the Gaussian β-model with a small perturbation. In the present paper, we prove the bulk universality of local eigenvalue statistics for both one-cut and multi-cut cases.
On infinite-dimensional 3-Lie algebras
Authors: Ding Lu , Jia Xiaoyu , Zhang Wei
Published: April 2014

In this paper, we study some properties of w∞ 3-Lie algebra and SDiff(T2) 3-Lie algebra and prove that they do not have non-trivial central extensions.
Nonlinear periodic waves solutions of the nonlinear self-dual network equations
Authors: Laptev Denis V. , Bogdan Mikhail M.
Published: April 2014

The new classes of periodic solutions of nonlinear self-dual network equations describing the breather and soliton lattices, expressed in terms of the Jacobi elliptic functions have been obtained. The dependences of the frequencies on energy have been found. Numerical simulations of soliton lattice demonstrate their stability in the ideal lattice and the breather lattice instability in the dissipative lattice. However, the lifetime of such structures in the dissipative lattice can be extended through the application of ac driving terms.
Experimental study of a buoyancy-driven instability of a miscible horizontal displacement in a Hele-Shaw cell
Authors: Haudin F. , Riolfo L. A. , Knaepen B. , Homsy G. M. , De Wit A.
Published: April 2014

When a given fluid displaces another less viscous miscible one in a horizontal Hele-Shaw cell, the displacement is stable from the viscous point of view. Nevertheless, thin stripes perpendicular to the moving interface can be observed in the mixing zone between the fluids both in rectilinear and radial displacements. This instability is due to buoyancy effects within the gap of the cell which develop because of an unstable density stratification associated with the underlying concentration profile. To characterize this buoyancy-driven instability and the related striped pattern, we perform a parametric experimental study of viscously stable miscible displacements in a horizontal Hele-Shaw cell with radial injection. We analyze the influence of the flow rate, the thickness of the gap, and the relative physical fluid properties on the development and characteristics of the instability.
Gravitational oscillations of a capped liquid-air column
Authors: Weidman Patrick , Kliakhandler Igor
Published: April 2014

We study the gravitational oscillations of liquid confined in a vertical tube, immersed in a liquid bath, with air trapped above the liquid column. The trapped air acts as a nonlinear spring, in addition to the gravitational restoring force. The presence of the trapped air introduces two new parameters in the problem. One parameter denoted α governs the effect of compression and expansion and the other parameter denoted β governs the effect of initial pressure of the trapped air. In the absence of viscosity, the ordinary differential equations governing the upward and downward motion of the liquid in the tube are different and, considered separately, are conservative. Together, however, they describe the damped oscillations due to irreversible energy losses at the end of the tube in the bath. Numerical simulations show the effects of α and β on the oscillations. A Shanks approximate provides a surprisingly good estimation of the nonlinear damping. Taking into account viscous losses, a first order asymptotic analysis provides a prediction for the frequency of linear oscillations, in very good agreement with experiment.
LabVIEW-based control software for para-hydrogen induced polarization instrumentation
Authors: Agraz Jose , Grunfeld Alexander , Li Debiao , Cunningham Karl , Willey Cindy , Pozos Robert , Wagner Shawn
Published: April 2014

The elucidation of cell metabolic mechanisms is the modern underpinning of the diagnosis, treatment, and in some cases the prevention of disease. Para-Hydrogen induced polarization (PHIP) enhances magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) signals over 10 000 fold, allowing for the MRI of cell metabolic mechanisms. This signal enhancement is the result of hyperpolarizing endogenous substances used as contrast agents during imaging. PHIP instrumentation hyperpolarizes Carbon-13 (13C) based substances using a process requiring control of a number of factors: chemical reaction timing, gas flow, monitoring of a static magnetic field (Bo), radio frequency (RF) irradiation timing, reaction temperature, and gas pressures. Current PHIP instruments manually control the hyperpolarization process resulting in the lack of the precise control of factors listed above, resulting in non-reproducible results. We discuss the design and implementation of a LabVIEW based computer program that automatically and precisely controls the delivery and manipulation of gases and samples, monitoring gas pressures, environmental temperature, and RF sample irradiation. We show that the automated control over the hyperpolarization process results in the hyperpolarization of hydroxyethylpropionate. The implementation of this software provides the fast prototyping of PHIP instrumentation for the evaluation of a myriad of 13C based endogenous contrast agents used in molecular imaging.
Numerical solution of the time dependent Ginzburg-Landau equations for mixed (d + s)-wave superconductors
Authors: Gonçalves W. C. , Sardella E. , Becerra V. F. , Milošević M. V. , Peeters F. M.
Published: April 2014

The time-dependent Ginzburg-Landau formalism for (d + s)-wave superconductors and their representation using auxiliary fields is investigated. By using the link variable method, we then develop suitable discretization of these equations. Numerical simulations are carried out for a mesoscopic superconductor in a homogeneous perpendicular magnetic field which revealed peculiar vortex states.
Perpendicular spin transfer torque magnetic random access memories with high spin torque efficiency and thermal stability for embedded applications (invited)
Authors: Thomas Luc , Jan Guenole , Zhu Jian , Liu Huanlong , Lee Yuan-Jen , Le Son , Tong Ru-Ying , Pi Keyu , Wang Yu-Jen , Shen Dongna , He Renren , Haq Jesmin , Teng Jeffrey , Lam Vinh , Huang Kenlin , Zhong Tom , Torng Terry , Wang Po-Kang
Published: April 2014

Magnetic random access memories based on the spin transfer torque phenomenon (STT-MRAMs) have become one of the leading candidates for next generation memory applications. Among the many attractive features of this technology are its potential for high speed and endurance, read signal margin, low power consumption, scalability, and non-volatility. In this paper, we discuss our recent results on perpendicular STT-MRAM stack designs that show STT efficiency higher than 5 kBT/μA, energy barriers higher than 100 kBT at room temperature for sub-40 nm diameter devices, and tunnel magnetoresistance higher than 150%. We use both single device data and results from 8 Mb array to demonstrate data retention sufficient for automotive applications. Moreover, we also demonstrate for the first time thermal stability up to 400 °C exceeding the requirement of Si CMOS back-end processing, thus opening the realm of non-volatile embedded memory to STT-MRAM technology.
Microturbulence in DIII-D tokamak pedestal. I. Electrostatic instabilities
Authors: Fulton D. P. , Lin Z. , Holod I. , Xiao Y.
Published: April 2014

Gyrokinetic simulations of electrostatic driftwave instabilities in a tokamak edge have been carried out to study the turbulent transport in the pedestal of an H-mode plasma. The simulations use annulus geometry and focus on two radial regions of a DIII-D experiment: the pedestal top with a mild pressure gradient and the middle of the pedestal with a steep pressure gradient. A reactive trapped electron instability with a typical ballooning mode structure is excited by trapped electrons in the pedestal top. In the middle of the pedestal, the electrostatic instability exhibits an unusual mode structure, which peaks at the poloidal angle θ=±π/2. The simulations find that this unusual mode structure is due to the steep pressure gradients in the pedestal but not due to the particular DIII-D magnetic geometry. Realistic DIII-D geometry appears to have a stabilizing effect on the instability when compared to a simple circular tokamak geometry.